bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cult of the quantifiable: the fetishism of numbers in higher education
Authors: Wood Felicity
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the 'fetishism of numbers' (Gudeman, 1998, p.1) that has taken hold in restructured, market-oriented institutions of higher education. As all areas of academic life have been rendered down to the quantifiable, and university environments have become dominated by the rituals of counting, numbers have been imbued with a potency of almost preternatural proportions. The points of comparison between the power ascribed to the numerical in diverse mystical, magical practices and the overriding significance accorded to numbers in restructured universities are explored. When the near-obsessive focus on numbers is viewed as a form of fetishism, some of the reasons why numbers have been elevated to a position of excessive importance come to the fore, as does the illogical nature of such reasoning. Although numbers have been valorized on account of their ostensible accuracy, transparency, objectivity and impartiality, this study contends that the present-day fetishism of numbers in higher education is neither rational nor practical. Neither does it ensure fairness and accuracy. Instead, it stems from and fosters delusion, deception, inequity and irrationality, vanity and greed.
The discourse of social innovation and gender equality
Authors: Lauri Johanna
Published: April 2022

In Swedish government discourse, social entrepreneurship and social innovation have come to be articulated asthesolutions to a wide array of societal challenges and social problems. Within this discourse of social innovation, gender equality is articulated as a key determinant in conquering all societal challenges defined in the UN'sAgenda 2030.The aim of this paper is to analyse the Swedish government's discourse on social innovation, and how it intertwines with gender equality in select government texts and media material. The analysis starts from the assertion that the dominant discourse on social innovation and social entrepreneurs is part of generating the possibilities and limits of social change. Earlier research on social innovation discourse has shown a strong bias towards private market solutions, and that social innovation has become an essential trait in the neoliberal reforming of the state. Because of their particular influence, governments' public endorsement of social entrepreneurs and social innovation in their work is one of the factors shaping the understanding of what social change and gender equality are and how they can be achieved. The analysis shows that the government discourse of social innovation produces an understanding of businesses as having a strong desire and capacity for social change and an altruistic agency. From a discursive point of view, this could be read as if the public sector is lacking such qualities and thus the responsibility for social change is placed in the hands of private corporations. Social change and gender equality are hence made intelligible within an economic logic, equating social change with doing business and gender equality with making profit. Gender equality is thus articulated through the discourse of social innovation, as a means to an end.
An Australian newspaper campaign and government vaccination policy
Authors: LeMonde Julia
Published: April 2022

News Corp Australia recently initiated a campaign to pressure the Australian government to amend its childhood vaccination policies. In 2015, the government legislated amendments in accord with the campaign's demands despite criticism from experts in children's health and vaccine advocacy, research and surveillance. A narrative review was conducted of newsprint articles which featured during the media campaign between 2013 and 2015. Findings indicate that the campaign focused on moral attributes that stigmatised conscientious objector parents as ‘anti-vaxers’, baby-killers, and hippies and loons. The decision to change vaccination legislation is compatible with the creation of a media-manufactured moral panic concerning conscientious objector parents. When deconstructing moral panics, a careful analysis of the roles of different media sectors is important. The alliance between News Corp Australia and Australian politicians to introduce new vaccination legislation represents an innovation in health policy formation which illustrates how expert opinion on public health policies can be sidelined.
Disruptive innovation, the episteme and technology-enhanced learning in higher education
Authors: Flavin Michael
Published: April 2022

This paper combines the theory of disruptive innovation with Foucault's concept of the episteme, in order to analyse the extent to which the integration of Foucauldian analysis clarifies understandings of disruptive innovation; the process by which innovation happens; and its applications in higher education. The theory of disruptive innovation is summarized, as is the episteme, and the idea of skeuomorphic design is used to link disruptive innovation and the episteme, showing how innovation can happen. Disruptive innovation, the episteme and skeuomorphic design are applied to three, specific technologies – Second Life, the massive open online course and the virtual learning environment – arguing that all three offer little or no innovation. The paper contributes to studies on innovation in technology-enhanced learning by applying a novel theoretical framework with the potential for new and predictive insights. The paper links disruptive innovation with Foucault's concept of the episteme and with skeuomorphic design to argue for the emergence of a new, neoliberal episteme in which technology itself is central.
Now you see me? Auto-ethnographic insights from inside the black box of business incubation
Authors: Gupta Sonali
Published: April 2022

Business incubators are a favourite policy tool used by governments worldwide to stimulate and support entrepreneurship. However, little is known about the challenges in operationalizing an incubator. Scholars have highlighted the lack of access to reliable incubator data, the politically charged environments in which incubators operate and the tendency of incubator management and policymakers to provide positive self-evaluation results to demonstrate the success of such publicly funded initiatives. This paper offers auto-ethnographic insights into operating a business incubator in India. By verbalizing tacit knowledge acquired through personal experiences and elaborating the trials and tribulations of running an incubator, the paper sheds light on an incubator’s structural properties, functions and operational dilemmas. It shifts the conversation away from the notion of the incubator as a well-defined entity – having a prescribed model and path to success as defined by its sponsors – toward an organization that needs to experiment, learn from its mistakes and change course, much like the startups it claims to support. To maintain anonymity, pseudonyms are used for the incubator and all the people referred to in the paper.
GNPy model of the physical layer for open and disaggregated optical networking [Invited]
Authors: Curri Vittorio
Published: April 2022

Networking technologies are fast evolving to support the request for ubiquitous Internet access that is becoming a fundamental need for the modern and inclusive society, with a dramatic speed-up caused by the COVID-19 emergency. Such evolution needs the development of networks into disaggregated and programmable systems according to the software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm. Wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) optical transmission and networking is expanding as physical layer technology from core and metro networks to 5G

x

-hauling and inter- and intra-data-center connections requiring the application of the SDN paradigm at the optical layer based on the WDM optical data transport virtualization. We present the fundamental principles of the open-source project Gaussian Noise in Python (GNPy) for the optical transport virtualization in modeling the WDM optical transmission for open and disaggregated networking. GNPy approximates transparent lightpaths as additive white and Gaussian noise channels and can be used as a vendor-agnostic digital twin for open network planning and management. The quality-of-transmission degradation of each network element is independently modeled to allow disaggregated network management. We describe the GNPy models for fiber propagation, optical amplifiers, and reconfigurable add/drop multiplexers together with modeling of coherent transceivers from the back-to-back characterization. We address the use of GNPy as a vendor-agnostic design and planning tool and as physical layer virtualization in software-defined optical networking.
Frequency stabilization of a 739  nm laser to an I2 spectrum for trapped ytterbium ions
Authors: Wu Hao , Lu Pengfei , Liu Yang , Hu Jiangyong , Lao Qifeng , Rao Xinxin , Deng Lunhua , Zhu Feng , Luo Le
Published: April 2022

We report on the frequency stabilization of a 739 nm Ti:sapphire laser to a hyperfine component of the

127

I
2

B(1)-X(11) P(70) transition using acousto-optic modulation transfer spectroscopy. A frequency stability of

3.83
×

10

−
11

around 13 s averaging time is achieved when the laser frequency is stabilized. The observed hyperfine transition of the molecular iodine is an ideal frequency reference for locking the lasers used in experiments with trapped ytterbium ions, since its second-harmonic frequency is the

2

S

1
2

−

2

P

1
2

transition of the ytterbium ion at 369.5 nm. By investigating the line broadening effects due to the iodine vapor pressure and laser power, the locking is optimized to the theoretical signal to noise ratio of this iodine transition.
Design and prediction of PIT devices through deep learning
Authors: Xiao Binggang , Wang Yichun , Cai Wanjun , Xiao Lihua
Published: April 2022

Graphene material has excellent performance and unique variable carrier density characteristics, making it an excellent mid-infrared material. And deep learning makes it possible to quickly design mid-infrared band devices with good performance. A graphene nano-ring-symmetric sector-shaped disk array structure based on the PIT principle is proposed here for sensing. The influence of structural parameters and Fermi energy changes are studied. And its FOM (Figure Of Merit) can reach 28.7; the sensitivity is 574 cm-1 / RIU (Refractive Index Unit). At the same time, we designed a six-layer deep learning network that can predict structural parameters and curve predictions. When predicting structural parameters, its MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) converges to 0.5. In curve prediction, MSE (Mean Square Error) converges to 1.2. It shows that predictions can be made very well. This paper proposes a symmetrical sector disk array structure and a 6-layer deep learning network. And the deep neural network designed based on the device data has good prediction accuracy under the premise of ensuring the network is simple. This will lay a good foundation for future sensor design and device acceleration optimization design.
Versatile compressive microscope for hyperspectral transmission and fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Klein Lukáš , Kristoffersen Arne S , Touš Jan , Žídek Karel
Published: April 2022

Increasing demand for multimodal characterization and imaging of new materials entails the combination of various methods in a single microscopic setup. Hyperspectral imaging of transmission spectra or photoluminescence (PL) decay imaging count among the most used methods. Nevertheless, these methods require very different working conditions and instrumentation. Therefore, combining the methods into a single microscopic system is seldom implemented. Here we demonstrate a novel versatile microscope based on single-pixel imaging, where we use a simple optical configuration to measure the hyperspectral information, as well as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). The maps are inherently spatially matched and can be taken with spectral resolution limited by the resolution of the used spectrometer (3 nm) or temporal resolution set by PL decay measurement (120 ps). We verify the system's performance by its comparison to the standard FLIM and non-imaging transmission spectroscopy. Our approach enabled us to switch between a broad field-of-view and micrometer resolution without changing the optical configuration. At the same time, the used design opens the possibility to add a variety of other characterization methods. This article demonstrates a simple, affordable way of complex material studies with huge versatility for the imaging parameters.
Terahertz continuous wave spectroscopy: a portable advanced method for atmospheric gas sensing
Authors: D’Arco Annalisa , Rocco Daniele , Piamonte Magboo Fernando , Moffa Candida , Della Ventura Giancarlo , Marcelli Augusto , Palumbo Luigi , Mattiello Leonardo , Lupi Stefano , Petrarca Massimo
Published: April 2022

Motivated by the increasing demand to monitor the air-quality, our study proved the feasibility of a new compact and portable experimental approach based on Terahertz (THz) continuous wave high resolution spectroscopy, to detect the presence of the air’s contaminants as greenhouse gases (GHG) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this specific work, we first characterized, determining their molar absorption coefficient in the spectral region (0.06-1.2) THz, the pure optical response of the vapor of five VOCs: methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 1-butanol and 2-butanol. In particular, 1-butanol and 2-butanol are characterized for the first time in literature at THz frequencies. Then we studied the optical response of their mixtures achieved with ambient air and ethanol. The results show that it is possible for a differentiation of single components by describing their spectral absorption in terms of the linear combination of pure compounds absorption. This proof of concept for this apparatus study and set-up paves the way to the use of THz Continuous wave high resolution spectroscopy for the environmental tracking of air pollutants.
High-efficiency four-wave mixing in low-loss silicon photonic spiral waveguides beyond the singlemode regime
Authors: Ding Mingfei , Zhang Ming , Hong Shihan , Zhao Yi , Zhang Long , Wang Yi , Chen Haitao , Yu Zejie , Gao Shiming , Dai Daoxin
Published: April 2022

Low-loss optical waveguides are highly desired for nonlinear photonics such as four-wave mixing (FWM), optical parametric amplification, and pulse shaping. In this work, low-loss silicon photonic spiral waveguides beyond the single-mode regime are proposed and demonstrated for realizing an enhanced FWM process. In particular, the designed 2-µm-wide silicon photonic waveguides are fabricated with standard foundry processes and have a propagation loss as low as ∼0.28 dB/cm due to the reduced light-matter interaction at the waveguide sidewalls. In the experiments, strong FWM effect is achieved with a high conversion efficiency of −8.52 dB in a 2-µm-wide and 20-cm-long silicon photonic waveguide spiral, and eight new wavelengths are generated with the pump power of ∼80 mW (corresponding to a low power density of ∼195 mW/µm2). In contrast, the FWM efficiency for the 0.45-µm-wide waveguide spiral is around −15.4 dB, which is much lower than that for the 2-µm-wide waveguide spiral. It can be seen that silicon photonics beyond the singlemode regime opens a new avenue for on-chip nonlinear photonics and will bring new opportunities for nonlinear photonic applications.
High-efficiency grating coupler for an ultralow-loss Si3N4-based platform
Authors: Chmielak B. , Suckow S. , Parra J. , Duarte V. C. , Mengual T. , Piqueras M. A. , Giesecke A. L. , Lemme M. C. , Sanchis P.
Published: April 2022

Integrated silicon nitride waveguides of 100 nm height can achieve ultralow propagation losses below 0.1 dB/cm at the 1550 nm wavelength band but lack the scattering strength to form efficient grating couplers. An enhanced grating coupler design based on an amorphous silicon layer on top of silicon nitride is proposed and demonstrated to improve the directionality of the coupler. The fabrication process is optimized for a self-alignment process between the amorphous silicon and silicon nitride layers without increasing waveguide losses. Experimental coupling losses of 5 dB and a 3 dB bandwidth of 75 nm are achieved with both regular and focusing designs.
Tailoring on-axis spectral density with circularly coherent light beams
Authors: Korotkova O. , de Sande J. C. G. , Santarsiero M. , Martínez-Herrero R. , Piquero G. , Gori F.
Published: April 2022

The on-axis cross-spectral density (CSD) of a beam radiated by a stationary source with a circular coherence state and a Gaussian spectral density is obtained in the closed form. It is revealed that the on-axis CSD is expressed via the Laplace transform of the source’s degree of coherence or the Hilbert transform of the corresponding pseudo-mode weighting function. Such relations enable efficient tailoring of the on-axis spectral density, as we show with a slew of numerical examples.
Improving the voltage tolerance of perovskite light-emitting diodes via a charge-generation layer
Authors: Peng Jingyu , Yuan Qilin , Xue Xulan , Wang Ting , Yu Rongmei , Ji Wenyu
Published: April 2022

A high electrical field is necessary to achieve a high brightness for halide perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Charge accumulation in the perovskite film becomes more serious under a high electrical field owing to the imbalanced charge injection in PeLEDs. Concomitantly, the perovskite film will suffer from a higher electrical field increased by the accumulated-charge-induced local electrical field, dramatically accelerating the ion migration and degradation of PeLEDs. Here we construct a voltage-dependent hole injection structure consisting of a ZnO/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) bilayer, which can properly adjust the hole injection according to the driving electrical field, matching with the injected electrons. As a result, the ZnO/PEDOT:PSS-containing PeLED can be operated under higher driving voltage with a higher peak brightness of 18920 cd/m2, which is 84% higher than the reference device based on a PEDOT:PSS single layer. Moreover, the ZnO/PEDOT:PSS-containing PeLED delivers a much higher power efficiency than the reference device under high driving voltages.
Idealized four-wave mixing dynamics in a nonlinear Schrödinger equation fiber system
Authors: Sheveleva Anastasiia , Andral Ugo , Kibler Bertrand , Colman Pierre , Dudley John M. , Finot Christophe
Published: April 2022

The observation of ideal four-wave mixing dynamics is notoriously difficult to implement experimentally due to the generation of higher-order sidebands and optical loss, which limit the potential interaction distance. Here, we overcome this problem with an experimental technique that uses programmable phase and amplitude shaping to iterate the wave mixing initial conditions injected into an optical fiber. This extends the effective propagation distance by two orders of magnitude, allowing idealized Kerr-driven dynamics to be seen over 50 km of fiber using only one short fiber segment of 500 m. Our experiments reveal the full phase space topology, showing characteristic features of multiple Fermi–Pasta–Ulam recurrence, stationary wave existence, and the system separatrix representing the boundary between two distinct regimes of spatiotemporal evolution. Experiments are in excellent quantitative agreement with numerical solutions of the differential equation system describing the wave evolution. This experimental approach can be readily adapted to study other wave mixing and nonlinear propagation phenomena in optics.
Broadband high-efficiency polymerized liquid crystal metasurfaces with spin-multiplexed functionalities in the visible
Authors: Lu Xinjian , Li Xiaoyin , Guo Yinghui , Pu Mingbo , Wang Jiangyu , Zhang Yaxin , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang
Published: April 2022

Traditional optical components are usually designed for a single functionality and narrow operation band, leading to the limited practical applications. To date, it is still quite challenging to efficiently achieve multifunctional performances within broadband operating bandwidth via a single planar optical element. Here, a broadband high-efficiency polarization-multiplexing method based on a geometric phase polymerized liquid crystal metasurface is proposed to yield the polarization-switchable functionalities in the visible. As proofs of the concept, two broadband high-efficiency polymerized liquid crystal metalenses are designed to obtain the spin-controlled behavior from diffraction-limited focusing to sub-diffraction focusing or focusing vortex beams. The experimental results within a broadband range indicate the stable and excellent optical performance of the planar liquid crystal metalenses. In addition, low-cost polymerized liquid crystal metasurfaces possess unique superiority in large-scale patterning due to the straightforward processing technique rather than the point-by-point nanopatterning method with high cost and low throughput. The high-efficiency liquid crystal metasurfaces also have unrivalled advantages benefiting from the characteristic with low waveguide absorption. The proposed strategy paves the way toward multifunctional and high-integrity optical systems, showing great potential in mobile devices, optical imaging, robotics, chiral materials, and optical interconnections.
Die Impact-Perspektive als Kommunikations- und Organisationsgrundlage des CIO-Bereichs
Authors: Winter Robert , Ringwald Fabian
Published: April 2022

Obwohl sich die Rolle und Bedeutung der IT in den meisten Unternehmen stark verändert hat, folgt die Strukturierung von CIO-Bereichen (und ihrer Wertbeiträge) meist noch einem funktionalen Paradigma – unter Bezugnahme auf „was wird gemacht“ oder „wie wird es gemacht“, manchmal auch „für wen wird es gemacht“. Eine funktionale bzw. ergebnisorientierte Strukturierung findet sich mittelbar auch in Ansätzen, welche die Wertschöpfungskette in den Mittelpunkt stellen oder agile Gestaltungsprinzipien berücksichtigen. Wir diskutieren bestehende Ansätze und schlagen ein neues Strukturierungsmodell vor, das die Aktivitäten des CIO-Bereichs aus der Perspektive „welcher Wertbeitrag wird erreicht“ (bzw. welche strategische Wirkung wird angestrebt) unterscheidet. Das sich ergebende Wirkungs-orientierte Portfolio wird dabei in den Dimensionen Wirkungsbreite, Wirkungszeitraum und Wirkungstiefe abgebildet. Ausgehend von der Demonstration bestimmter Aspekte dieses Perspektivenwechsels in Form von zwei Anwendungsfällen werden die Potenziale und Konsequenzen einer wirkungsorientierten Strukturierung des CIO-Bereichs z. B. für die Kommunikation des CIO-Wertbeitrags, die Koordination mit anderen Führungsfunktionen und die Organisation von „Business Technology“ diskutiert.
Response of surface water quality characteristics to socio-economic factors in Eastern-Central China
Authors: Duan Maoqing , Zhang Shilu , Xu Mingxia , He Junyu , Li Xinrui , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2022

Following the implementation of the strictest water resource management system in China, it has become increasingly important to understand and improve the surface water quality and the rate at which water function zones reach the water quality standard. Based on the monthly monitoring data from 450 monitoring sites at the provincial borders of 27 provinces in China in 2019, the overall surface water quality at provincial boundaries in China was evaluated. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment-water quality index (CCME-WQI) showed that the provincial boundary water quality exceeded the fair level, and F1 was the most influential factor. Then, 27 factors that directly or indirectly affect the surface water quality were identified, and the indirect influencing factors were integrated into the ecological environmental quality index and human activities quantitative index. Finally, the 27 factors were integrated into six factors, and the relationship between these indicators and CCME-WQI as well as the concentration of influencing elements with respect to regulatory standard limits were analyzed. The proportion of building land was the most significant factor affecting the quality of the aquatic environment in provincial boundaries. In addition, the economic development level, proportion of farmland, and degree of social development were identified as significant influencing factors. The six factors have different degrees of impact on the concentrations of major elements with respect to standard limits. This study basically explores water resource management and offers significant reference and guidelines for the improvement of the quality of surface water at provincial boundaries in China.
How well are Indonesia’s urban poor being provided access to quality reproductive health services?
Authors: Liyanto Elvira , Nuryana Dewi , Cahyani Restu Adya , Utomo Budi , Magnani Robert
Published: April 2022

Accommodating the needs of Indonesia’s rapidly growing urban population is essential to reaching national reproductive health goals and international commitments. As in other rapidly urbanizing low- and middle-income countries, satisfying the needs of Indonesia’s urban poor is both a high priority and a significant challenge. In this study, we assessed both how being from urban poor or near-poor households affects the quantity and quality of family planning and maternal health services received and the extent to which differentials had narrowed during the 2012–2017 period. This time interval is significant due to the introduction of a national social health insurance scheme in 2014, establishing the foundation for universal health care in the country. Data from the 2012 and 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys were analyzed using logistic and multinomial logit regression. Poverty status was measured in terms of urban household wealth quintiles. For family planning, although urban poor and near-poor women made different method choices than non-poor women, no substantial 2017 differences in contraceptive prevalence, unmet need for family planning or informed choice were observed. However, urban poor women and to a lesser extent near-poor women systematically lagged non-poor urban women in both the quantity and quality of maternal health services received in connection with recent pregnancies. Significant maternal health service gains were observed for all urban women during the study reference period, with gains for poor and near poor urban women exceeding those for non-poor on several indicators. While the deployment of pro-poor interventions such as the national social health insurance scheme is likely to have contributed to these results, evidence suggesting that the scheme may not be influencing consumer health-seeking behaviors as had been anticipated along with continued limitations in public health sector supply-side readiness resulting in service quality issues suggest that more will have to be done.
KLF11 deficiency enhances chemokine generation and fibrosis in murine unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: De Lorenzo Silvana B. , Vrieze Alyssa M. , Johnson Ruth A. , Lien Karen R. , Nath Karl A. , Garovic Vesna D. , Khazaie Khashayarsha , Grande Joseph P.
Published: April 2022

Progression of virtually all forms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic signaling pathways. Despite extensive research, progress in identifying therapeutic targets to arrest or slow progression of CKD has been limited by incomplete understanding of basic mechanisms underlying renal inflammation and fibrosis in CKD. Recent studies have identified Kruppel-like transcription factors that have been shown to play critical roles in renal development, homeostasis, and response to injury. Although KLF11 deficiency has been shown to increase collagen production in vitro and tissue fibrosis in other organs, no previous study has linked KLF11 to the development of CKD. We sought to test the hypothesis that KLF11 deficiency promotes CKD through upregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic signaling pathways in murine unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a well-established model of renal fibrosis. We found that KLF11-deficiency exacerbates renal injury in the UUO model through activation of the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway and through activation of several pro-inflammatory chemokine signaling pathways. Based on these considerations, we conclude that agents increase KLF11 expression may provide novel therapeutic targets to slow the progression of CKD.
Microblog-HAN: A micro-blog rumor detection model based on heterogeneous graph attention network
Authors: Bi Bei , Wang Yaojun , Zhang Haicang , Gao Yang
Published: April 2022

Although social media has highly facilitated people’s daily communication and dissemination of information, it has unfortunately been an ideal hotbed for the breeding and dissemination of Internet rumors. Therefore, automatically monitoring rumor dissemination in the early stage is of great practical significance. However, the existing detection methods fail to take full advantage of the semantics of the microblog information propagation graph. To address this shortcoming, this study models the information transmission network of a microblog as a heterogeneous graph with a variety of semantic information and then constructs a Microblog-HAN, which is a graph-based rumor detection model, to capture and aggregate the semantic information using attention layers. Specifically, after the initial textual and visual features of posts are extracted, the node-level attention mechanism combines neighbors of the microblog nodes to generate three groups of node embeddings with specific semantics. Moreover, semantic-level attention fuses different semantics to obtain the final node embedding of the microblog, which is then used as a classifier’s input. Finally, the classification results of whether the microblog is a rumor or not are obtained. The experimental results on two real-world microblog rumor datasets, Weibo2016 and Weibo2021, demonstrate that the proposed Microblog-HAN can detect microblog rumors with an accuracy of over 92%, demonstrating its superiority over the most existing methods in identifying rumors from the view of the whole information transmission graph.
Validation of the Arabic version of medication adherence report scale questionnaire and beliefs about medication -specific questionnaire: A factor analysis study
Authors: Al-Qerem Walid , Al Bawab Abdel Qader , Abusara Osama , Alkhatib Nimer , Horne Robert
Published: April 2022

Medication Adherence Report Scale questionnaire (MARS-5) and the Beliefs about Medication Questionnaire-specific (BMQ-specific) are well known tools to assess adherence to medication and beliefs of chronic patients. However, validated Arabic versions of such questionnaires are lacking. We aim to validate the Arabic versions of BMQ-specific and MARS-5. In this study, a cross-sectional study was performed between November 2019 and March 2020. Participants were reached from secondary and tertiary care clinics in Jordan. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to validate the employed questionnaires on the tested sample. The internal consistency of the questionnaires was assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha, and Cronbach’s alpha if item is deleted. A total of 485 patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. The mean age of the participants was 57.14 years (22–82 years); and 39% of the participants were older than 65 years. The most common chronic diseases reported by participants were hypertension and diabetes mellitus, 35.7 and 32.2% respectively. EFA suggested two-factor model for BMQ-specific and one-factor model for MARS-5 which was confirmed by CFA analyses. The resulted Cronbach’s alphas of the questionnaires ranged from 0.89–0.93. Both analyses showed that the Arabic versions of both MARS-5 and BMQ-specific are valid and can be used for the suggested study population. Further validation-based research may enhance the transcultural adaptation of such questionnaires.
How does handwashing behaviour change in response to a cholera outbreak? A qualitative case study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: White Sian , Mutula Anna C. , Buroko Modeste M. , Heath Thomas , Mazimwe François K. , Blanchet Karl , Curtis Val , Dreibelbis Robert
Published: April 2022

Background

Handwashing with soap has the potential to curb cholera transmission. This research explores how populations experienced and responded to the 2017 cholera outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and how this affected their handwashing behaviour.

Methods

Cholera cases were identified through local cholera treatment centre records. Comparison individuals were recruited from the same neighbourhoods by identifying households with no recent confirmed or suspected cholera cases. Multiple qualitative methods were employed to understand hand hygiene practices and their determinants, including unstructured observations, interviews and focus group discussions. The data collection tools and analysis were informed by the Behaviour Centred Design Framework. Comparisons were made between the experiences and practices of people from case households and participants from comparison households.

Results

Cholera was well understood by the population and viewed as a persistent and common health challenge. Handwashing with soap was generally observed to be rare during the outbreak despite self-reported increases in behaviour. Across case and comparison groups, individuals were unable to prioritise handwashing due to competing food-scarcity and livelihood challenges and there was little in the physical or social environments to cue handwashing or make it a convenient, rewarding or desirable to practice. The ability of people from case households to practice handwashing was further constrained by their exposure to cholera which in addition to illness, caused profound non-health impacts to household income, productivity, social status, and their sense of control.

Conclusions

Even though cholera outbreaks can cause disruptions to many determinants of behaviour, these shifts do not automatically facilitate an increase in preventative behaviours like handwashing with soap. Hygiene programmes targeting outbreaks within complex crises could be strengthened by acknowledging the emic experiences of the disease and adopting sustainable solutions which build upon local disease coping mechanisms.
Increased levels of acidic free-N-glycans, including multi-antennary and fucosylated structures, in the urine of cancer patients
Authors: Hanzawa Ken , Tanaka-Okamoto Miki , Murakami Hiroko , Suzuki Noriko , Mukai Mikio , Takahashi Hidenori , Omori Takeshi , Ikezawa Kenji , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Ohue Masayuki , Natsuka Shunji , Miyamoto Yasuhide
Published: April 2022

We recently reported increased levels of urinary free-glycans in some cancer patients. Here, we focused on cancer related alterations in the levels of high molecular weight free-glycans. The rationale for this study was that branching, elongation, fucosylation and sialylation, which lead to increases in the molecular weight of glycans, are known to be up-regulated in cancer. Urine samples from patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer and normal controls were analyzed. The extracted free-glycans were fluorescently labeled with 2-aminopyridine and analyzed by multi-step liquid chromatography. Comparison of the glycan profiles revealed increased levels of glycans in some cancer patients. Structural analysis of the glycans was carried out by performing chromatography and mass spectrometry together with enzymatic or chemical treatments. To compare glycan levels between samples with high sensitivity and selectivity, simultaneous measurements by reversed-phase liquid chromatography-selected ion monitoring of mass spectrometry were also performed. As a result, three lactose-core glycans and 78 free-N-glycans (one phosphorylated oligomannose-type, four sialylated hybrid-type and 73 bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary complex-type structures) were identified. Among them, glycans with α1,3-fucosylation ((+/− sialyl) Lewis X), triply α2,6-sialylated tri-antennary structures and/or a (Man3)GlcNAc1-core displayed elevated levels in cancer patients. However, simple α2,3-sialylation and α1,6-core-fucosylation did not appear to contribute to the observed increase in the level of glycans. Interestingly, one tri-antennary free-N-glycan that showed remarkable elevation in some cancer patients contained a unique Glcβ1-4GlcNAc-core instead of the common GlcNAc2-core at the reducing end. This study provides further insights into free-glycans as potential tumor markers and their processing pathways in cancer.
Does GPA matter for university graduates’ wages? New evidence revisited
Authors: Zou Tao , Zhang Yue , Zhou Bo
Published: April 2022

This paper examines the effect of GPA on graduating students’ wages using a data set from an elite university in China. Students are homogenous since their majors are closely related to economics and business The OLS regression results indicate that GPA has positive and significant impacts on wages on average. As GPA increases by 1 unit, the starting monthly wage increases by 29.6 percent on average, and the wage in the survey year that is 3–5 years after graduation (current wage) soars by 25 percent. Theoretically, the GPA matters for the wages due to both the human capital or signaling effect. Given that the signaling effect should diminish over time, and the effect on starting wage is a little larger than that on current wage, it is suggested that signaling effect of GPA should be trivial, and high GPA is associated with high wage should be mainly due to the human capital effect. These results are robust to different model specifications. The distributional analysis suggest that the effects are positive for both wages and significant for almost all quantiles. In addition, the effect is basically the same from the 0.05th to 0.80th quantiles, and then rises as the starting wage increases. The effect on current wage is a U shape from the 0.05th to 0.60th quantile, and then becomes an inverse-U shape with peaks at the 0.75th and 0.80th quantiles where the effect is 82.2 percent when GPA increases by one unit.
Erőforrások és képességek a vállalati versenyképesség tükrében Egy empirikus vizsgálat tanulságai
Authors: Felsmann Balázs , Ferincz Adrienn , Kárpáti Zoltán
Published: April 2022

A vállalati erőforrások és képességek középponti szerepe a stratégiai menedzsmentben az 1990-es évtized óta egyértelmű, miután az erőforrás-alapú iskola (resource-based view, RBV) rámutatott, hogy a vállalatok heterogenitása alapvető hatással van azok stratégiájára. A szerzők cikkükben a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Versenyképességi Kutatóközpontja által 2018-2019-ben elvégzett kérdőíves felmérés adatai alapján főkomponens- és klaszterelemzés segítségével azt vizsgálják, mennyire tárhatók fel jellemző mintázatok a vállalatok által követett stratégiai magatartásban és ezek hatással voltak-e versenyképességükre. Fő következtetésük, hogy „nincs királyi út”, de egyes stratégiák nagyobb arányban kecsegtettek jó eredménnyel. Előtérbe kerültek a vállalati működés belső dimenziói, így azok a vállalatok, amelyek erőforrásaik és képességeik fejlesztésére koncentráltak, nagyobb arányban kerültek a kiemelkedő versenyképességű vállalatok csoportjába.
Giving Birth in Eighteenth-Century England
Authors: Fox Sarah
Published: April 2022

This fascinating new book radically rewrites all that we know about eighteenth-century childbirth by placing women’s voices at the centre of the story. From quickening through to confinement, giving caudle, delivery and lying-in, birth was once a complex ritual that involved entire communities. Drawing on an extensive and under-researched body of materials, such as letters, diaries and recipe books, this book offers critical new perspectives on the history of the family and community. It explores the rituals of childbirth, from birthing clothing to the foods traditionally eaten before and after birth, and also how a woman’s relationship with her family, husband, friends and neighbours changed during pregnancy and beyond. In this important and deeply moving study, we are invited on a detailed and emotive journey through motherhood in an age of immense intellectual and sociocultural change.
(Pop)Kulturelle Öffentlichkeiten im Kontext der Neuen Rechten
Authors: Jung Simone
Published: April 2022

Simone Jung widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag der Feuilletondebatte um die Absage des Konzerts der Band Feine Sahne Fischfilet am Bauhaus in Dessau im Jahr 2018. In Verbindung von politischer Theorie und medien-und kultursoziologischen Perspektiven fragt die Debattenanalyse: Auf welche Weise wird der Konflikt im deutschen Zeitungsfeuilleton verhandelt und medial inszeniert? Im Deutungskampf zeigt sich Popkultur nicht nur als identitätsstiftendes Medium, sondern wird selbst zum Gegenstand von kulturellen Kämpfen. In dieser Hinsicht stellt sich auch die Frage, welche Positionen in der Debatte konflikthaft gegenüberstehen und welche Bedeutung (Pop)Kultur im Kontext der Neuen Rechten zukommt.
Processing Choreography
Authors: Waterhouse Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Told from the perspective of the dancers, »Processing Choreography: Thinking with William Forsythe's Duo« is an ethnography that reconstructs the dancers' activity within William Forsythe's Duo project. The book is written legibly for readers in dance studies, the social sciences, and dance practice. Considering how the choreography of Duo emerged through practice and changed over two decades of history (1996-2018), Elizabeth Waterhouse offers a nuanced picture of creative cooperation and institutionalized process. She presents a compelling vision of choreography as a nexus of people, im/material practices, contexts, and relations. As a former Forsythe dancer herself, the author provides novel insights into this choreographic community.
The Power of Persuasion
Authors: Haasis Lucas
Published: April 2022

Lucas Haasis found a time capsule: A complete mercantile letter archive of the merchant Nicolaus Gottlieb Luetkens who lived in 18th century Hamburg. Luetkens travelled France between 1743-1745 in order to become a successful wholesale merchant. He succeeded in this undertaking via both shrewd business practice and proficient skills in the practice of letter writing. Based on this unique discovery, in this microhistorical study Lucas Haasis examines the crucial steps and activities of a mercantile establishment phase, the typical letter practices of Early Modern merchants, and the practical principles of persuasion leading to success in the 18th century.
1989, eine Zäsur - auch in der Geschlechterforschung
Authors: Gerhard Ute
Published: April 2022

Für Ute Gerhard ist das Wissen um die Geschichte der Frauenbewegungen, um ihre Anlässe und die Widerstände ein soziales Kapital, das zum gegenseitigen Verständnis in der Gegenwart beitragen kann. Sie skizziert die Anfänge und Entwicklung der westdeutschen 'neuen' Frauenbewegung, ihre Diskurse und Problemstellungen bis zur Vereinigung der beiden deutschen Staaten und beschreibt die Wende als historische Zäsur, mit der sich im Hinblick auf Frauenbewegung und Geschlechterpolitik die politischen Prioritäten und Diskurse um Geschlecht grundlegend verändert haben. Während sich Feministinnen in Ost und West nach 40 Jahren getrennter Geschichte um eine gemeinsame Sprache und Politik bemühen, führt die weltweite Debatte um Gleichheit und/oder Differenz und insbesondere der Differenzen unter Frauen in der feministischen Theorie zu einer radikalen Infragestellung der traditionellen Ordnung der Zweigeschlechtlichkeit, aber auch zur Dethematisierung bzw. Dekonstruktion der Leitkategorie ,Frau'. Eine Geschlechterpolitik, die Unrecht, soziale Ungleichheit und systematische Diskriminierung bestimmter Gruppen beseitigen und verhindern will, kann gleichwohl auf strategische Zuschreibungen und Kategorisierungen in der Form des Rechts nicht verzichten. Zugrunde liegt ein dialektisches Verständnis von Recht, das nicht nur der Aufrechterhaltung von Herrschaft dient, sondern auch ein Mittel zur Ermächtigung und Befreiung jeder einzelnen ist.
The Male Dancer
Authors: Schulze-Fellmann Janine
Published: April 2022

Janine Schulze-Fellmann widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag der Frage nach den (Un-)Möglichkeiten eines weitestgehend gender-fluiden Bühnentanzes. Anhand des Stücks The Male Dancer, 2018 von Iván Pérez für die Opéra de Paris choreografiert, arbeitet sie dessen grenzüberschreitenden Potentiale in Bezug auf die geschlechterdifferierende Welt des Tanzes heraus. Das Pendeln der Autorin zwischen einer assoziativ beschreibenden und einer distanziert analytischen Sprache gleicht einer Suchbewegung, nach den Auslösern einer gender-binären Wahrnehmung. Schulze-Fellmann zeigt, wie Pérez' Choreografie, unter Rückgriff auf zahlreiche historische Bewegungszitate, die Tanzenden innerhalb der Geschichte eines männlichen Tanzens verortet, um gleichzeitig die Körper- ebenso wie die Wahrnehmungsgrenzen eines Male Dancers fluide werden zu lassen.
Heimat. Volkstum. Architektur
Authors: Schmitz Rainer
Published: April 2022

Um 1900 entwickelte die Heimatschutzbewegung aus dem Volkstumsdiskurs heraus eine identitätspolitische Spielart der Moderne, die eine eigene Architekturprogrammatik einschloss. Rainer Schmitz untersucht deren Entstehung und Konzeption durch Akteure des 1904 gegründeten »Bundes Heimatschutz« wie Ernst Rudorff, Paul Schultze-Naumburg oder Otto March. Im Fokus seiner Sondierungen steht die Übersetzung gesellschaftlicher Konstrukte und Phänomene wie der »sozialen Frage«, Heimat, Volkstum oder Antisemitismus in den Baudiskurs sowie deren Architektonisierung in Projekten wie den Nationalstadien oder der »deutschen Ostkolonisation«. Damit trägt er u.a. zur Debatte über die Konstruktion kollektiver Identitäten bei.
Flucht, Migration und kommunale Schulsysteme
Authors: Jording Judith
Published: April 2022

Wie werden geflüchtete Kinder, die erstmals mit dem deutschen Bildungssystem in Kontakt kommen, unterrichtet und welche ungleichheitsrelevanten Folgen ergeben sich für sie daraus? Verstärkte Flucht- und Migrationsbewegungen werfen diese und weitere Fragen zur Beschulungspraxis auf. Mit einer qualitativen Studie zur Inklusion von neu in lokale Schulsysteme migrierten Schüler*innen rekonstruiert Judith Jording Differenzierungspraxen von Schüler*innen als sogenannte ›Seiteneinsteiger‹ und daran anknüpfende Selektionsprozesse an bildungsbiografisch relevanten Entscheidungsstellen in Grundschulen. Mit Blick auf die Organisation Schule diskutiert sie die Mechanismen der Erzeugung von Bildungsungleichheit.
Unerlaubte Kunst
Authors: Helmstetter Randolf
Published: April 2022

Künstlerische Interventionen im öffentlichen Raum bewegen sich oft am Rande der Legalität. Gerade der Regelverstoß macht einen wichtigen Aspekt dieser Werke aus. Randolf Helmstetter widmet sich dem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Kunst und Recht und legt erstmals dezidiert den Fokus auf unautorisierte Kunstprojekte. Er zeigt auf, welche Zusammenhänge zwischen Kunst, Illegalität und Öffentlichkeit bestehen und bietet mit einem interdisziplinären Ansatz neue Blickwinkel auf künstlerische Interventionen im Außenraum über Street Art und Graffiti hinaus. Exkurse in Grenzbereiche der Kunst und Seitenblicke auf aktuelle populärkulturelle Phänomene eröffnen dabei weitere Perspektiven.
Diffraktionsereignisse der Gegenwart
Authors: Kronberger Alisa
Published: April 2022

Diffraktionsereignisse handeln im Kern von einem affektiv durchtränkten Zustande-Kommen eines komplexen, performativen Relationsmoments. Aus einer neo-materialistischen Perspektive spürt Alisa Kronberger dieses Phänomen in der feministischen Gegenwartskunst auf. Sie fragt erstmalig dezidiert nach der Aktualität der historischen Nähe zwischen Feminismus und Videokunst und bietet - an den Schnittstellen von Medien- und Kunstwissenschaft verortet - neue Einblicke in einen aktuellen Diskurs um einen Neuen Materialismus in der Medienkunst.