bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic thoroughfares for adults living with Pompe disease
Authors: Schoser Benedikt , Laforet Pascal
Published: August 2022

Purpose of review

Pompe disease is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in the acid α-glucosidase gene leading to a multiorgan deficiency of the enzyme acid glucosidase alfa. To recover to a nondiseased status, a lift over a threshold of 25% acid glucosidase alfa enzyme activity is required. This update on therapeutic thoroughfares for adult Pompe disease aims to assist neuromuscular and metabolic specialists.

Recent findings

We reviewed the recent studies covering enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy, and substrate reduction therapy in adult Pompe disease. Results of phase 3 studies and the first sets of long-term data of both novel enzyme replacement therapies, avalglucosidase alfa, and ciplaglucodsidase alfa combined with miglustat, are public. First gene therapy trials are ongoing. Substrate reduction therapy is in early transition to the clinical trial phase. We still miss dose escalation and intensification of frequency trials on enzyme replacement therapy in adults, probably suitable to echo current results in infantile and juvenile Pompe disease.

Therapy of Pompe disease reaches new thoroughfares reducing the overall disease burden of patients; however, individualization of these novel therapeutic options remains challenging. Consensus-based and shared decision-based recommendations need to be established based on reliable real-world data to allow the best standards of care worldwide.
Tenacibaculum aquimarinum sp. nov., isolated from a marine alga and seawater
Authors: Kristyanto Sylvia , Kim Kyeong Ryeol , Jung Jaejoon , Kim Hyung Min , Kim Keunpil , Jeon Che Ok
Published: August 2022

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and yellow-pigmented bacterial strains, designated K20-16T and MSW2, were isolated from a marine red alga (Chondrus species) and seawater, respectively. Both strains were oxidase-positive, weakly catalase-positive and non-flagellated rods with gliding motility. Menaquinone-6 was detected as the sole isoprenoid quinone in both strains. Iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH, iso-C15:1 G, C15:1
ω6c and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:1
ω7c and/or C16:1
ω6c) were identified in both strains as major fatty acids. Phosphatidylethanolamine was not identified in strain K20-16T, but it was identified in strain MSW2. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains K20-16T and MSW2 were 30.5 and 30.7 %, respectively. Strains K20-16T and MSW2 shared 99.7% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 97.7% average nucleotide identity (ANI), and 80.5% digital DNA–DNA hybridization (DDH) value, indicating that they are the same species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and 92 concatenated core protein sequences revealed that strains K20-16T and MSW2 formed a phylogenic lineage within the genus

Tenacibaculum

and were most closely related to

Tenacibaculum todarodis

LPB0136T with 98.3 and 98.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. ANI and digital DDH values between strains K20-16T and MSW2 and other type strains were less than 91.4 and 43.1 %, respectively. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strains K20-16T and MSW2 represent a novel species of the genus

Tenacibaculum

, for which the name Tenacibaculum aquimarinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is K20-16T (=KACC 22 342T=JCM 35 023T).
Fungal endophytes from salt-adapted plants confer salt tolerance and promote growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at early seedling stage
Authors: N Manjunatha , Manjunatha Nayana , Li Hua , Sivasithamparam Krishnapillai , Jones Michael G.K , Edwards Ian , Wylie Stephen J. , Agarrwal Ruchi
Published: August 2022

With increasing human global population, increased yield under saline conditions is a desirable trait for major food crops. Use of endophytes, isolated from halophytic hosts, seems to be an exciting approach for conferring salt tolerance to a salt-sensitive crop. Therefore, in the current study, fungal endophytes were isolated from halophytic plants’ roots and their ability to withstand in vitro salt stress was evaluated. The fungal endophytes could withstand up to 1M NaCl concentrations and this tolerance was independent of their host or tissue source. When inoculated on salt-sensitive wheat seeds/seedlings, several of the endophytes showed a positive impact on germination and biomass-related parameters upon salt stress, both in vitro and under glasshouse conditions. One of the isolates from dicot plants (identified as Microsphaeropsis arundinis) could successfully colonize wheat and promote its growth under salt and no-salt conditions. Amongst the fungal isolates that are known to be natural endophytes of wheat, Chaetomium globosum was the best performing isolate and has previously been reported to be an effective biocontrol agent. Based on the results of our preliminary study, we suggest that these fungal endophytes could prove beneficial for enhancing the salt stress tolerance of wheat crop.
A Microbiome-targeting Fiber-enriched Nutritional Formula is Well Tolerated and Improves Quality of Life and Hemoglobin A1c in Type 2 Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Frias Juan P. , Lee Martin L. , Lai Ren-Hau , Washington Marc E. , Damman Christopher J.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

To investigate a prebiotic fiber-enriched nutritional formula on health-related quality of life and metabolic control in type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomized 2:1:1 to a prebiotic fiber-enriched nutritional formula (Active), a placebo fiber-absent nutritional formula (Placebo), or dietary advice alone (Diet). Primary endpoint was change in core Type 2 Diabetes Distress Assessment System (cT2-DDAS) at week 12. HbA1c change was a key secondary endpoint.

RESULTS

192 participants were randomized. Mean age was 54.3 years, HbA1c 7.8%, and BMI 35.9 kg/m2. At week 12, cT2-DDAS (p=0.03) was reduced significantly in Active versus control arms, and HbA1c (p=0.009) was reduced significantly in Active vs Placebo arm.

CONCLUSIONS

A microbiome-targeting nutritional formula significantly improved cT2-DDAS and HbA1c suggesting the potential for prebiotic fiber as a complement to lifestyle and/or pharmaceutical interventions for managing type 2 diabetes.
BDNF stimulates the retrograde pathway for axonal autophagy
Authors: Sidibe David , Kulkarni Vineet Vinay , Dong Audrey , Herr Jessica Brandt , Maday Sandra
Published: August 2022

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative pathway important for neuronal development, function, and survival. But how autophagy in axons is regulated by neurotrophins to impact neuronal viability and function is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the regulation of axonal autophagy by the neurotrophin BDNF, and elucidate whether autophagosomes carry BDNF-mediated signaling information. We find that BDNF induces autophagic flux in primary neurons by stimulating the retrograde pathway for autophagy in axons. We observed an increase in autophagosome density and retrograde flux in axons, and a corresponding increase in autophagosome density in the soma. However, we find little evidence of autophagosomes co-migrating with BDNF. In contrast, BDNF effectively engages its cognate receptor TrkB to undergo retrograde transport in the axon. These compartments, however, are distinct from LC3-positive autophagic organelles in the axon. Together, we find that BDNF stimulates autophagy in the axon, but retrograde autophagosomes do not appear to carry neurotrophin-based signaling information. Thus, BDNF likely stimulates autophagy as a consequence of BDNF-induced processes that require canonical roles for autophagy in degradation, rather than unconventional roles in neurotrophin signaling.
A complex role of Arabidopsis CDKD;3 in meiotic progression and cytokinesis
Authors: Tanasa Sorin , Shukla Neha , Cairo Albert , Ganji Ranjani S. , Mikulková Pavlina , Valuchova Sona , Raxwal Vivek K. , Capitao Claudio , Schnittger Arp , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Riha Karel
Published: August 2022

Meiosis is a specialized cell division that halves the number of chromosomes in two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation. In angiosperm plants is meiosis followed by mitotic divisions to form rudimentary haploid gametophytes. In Arabidopsis, termination of meiosis and transition to gametophytic development is governed by TDM1 and SMG7 that mediate inhibition of translation. Mutants deficient in this mechanism do not form tetrads, but instead undergo multiple cycles of aberrant nuclear divisions, that are likely caused by the failure to downregulate cyclin dependent kinases during meiotic exit. A suppressor screen to identify genes that contribute to meiotic exit uncovered a mutation in CDKD;3 that alleviates meiotic defects insmg7deficient plants. The CDKD;3 deficiency prevents aberrant meiotic divisions observed insmg7mutants, or delays their onset after initiation of cytokinesis, which permits formation of functional microspores. Although CDKD;3 acts as an activator of CDKA;1, the main cyclin dependent kinase that regulates meiosis,cdkd;3mutation appears to promote meiotic exit independently of CDKA;1. Furthermore, analysis of CDKD;3 interactome revealed enrichment for proteins implicated in cytokinesis suggesting a more complex function of CDKD;3 in cell cycle regulation.
Structural basis for the acetylation mechanism of the Legionella effector VipF
Authors: Chen Tao-Tao , Lin Yanling , Zhang Shijun , Han Aidong
Published: August 2022

The pathogen Legionella pneumophila, which is the causative agent of Legionnaires' disease, secrets hundreds of effectors into host cells via its Dot/Icm secretion system to subvert host-cell pathways during pathogenesis. VipF, a conserved core effector among Legionella species, is a putative acetyltransferase, but its structure and catalytic mechanism remain unknown. Here, three crystal structures of VipF in complex with its cofactor acetyl-CoA and/or a substrate are reported. The two GNAT-like domains of VipF are connected as two wings by two β-strands to form a U-shape. Both domains bind acetyl-CoA or CoA, but only in the C-terminal domain does the molecule extend to the bottom of the U-shaped groove as required for an active transferase reaction; the molecule in the N-terminal domain folds back on itself. Interestingly, when chloramphenicol, a putative substrate, binds in the pocket of the central U-shaped groove adjacent to the N-terminal domain, VipF remains in an open conformation. Moreover, mutations in the central U-shaped groove, including Glu129 and Asp251, largely impaired the acetyltransferase activity of VipF, suggesting a unique enzymatic mechanism for the Legionella effector VipF.
Medical contrast agents as promising tools for biomacromolecular SAXS experiments
Authors: Gabel Frank , Engilberge Sylvain , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Thureau Aurélien , Mechulam Yves , Pérez Javier , Girard Eric
Published: August 2022

Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) has become an indispensable tool in structural biology, complementing atomic-resolution techniques. It is sensitive to the electron-density difference between solubilized biomacromolecules and the buffer, and provides information on molecular masses, particle dimensions and interactions, low-resolution conformations and pair distance-distribution functions. When SAXS data are recorded at multiple contrasts, i.e. at different solvent electron densities, it is possible to probe, in addition to their overall shape, the internal electron-density profile of biomacromolecular assemblies. Unfortunately, contrast-variation SAXS has been limited by the range of solvent electron densities attainable using conventional co-solutes (for example sugars, glycerol and salt) and by the fact that some biological systems are destabilized in their presence. Here, SAXS contrast data from an oligomeric protein and a protein–RNA complex are presented in the presence of iohexol and Gd-HPDO3A, two electron-rich molecules that are used in biomedical imaging and that belong to the families of iodinated and lanthanide-based complexes, respectively. Moderate concentrations of both molecules allowed solvent electron densities matching those of proteins to be attained. While iohexol yielded higher solvent electron densities (per mole), it interacted specifically with the oligomeric protein and precipitated the protein–RNA complex. Gd-HPDO3A, while less efficient (per mole), did not disrupt the structural integrity of either system, and atomic models could be compared with the SAXS data. Due to their elevated solubility and electron density, their chemical inertness, as well as the possibility of altering their physico-chemical properties, lanthanide-based complexes represent a class of molecules with promising potential for contrast-variation SAXS experiments on diverse biomacromolecular systems.
What do experts say about the conditions affecting customer knowledge management in academic libraries? An integrated perspective
Authors: Maleksadati Iman , Ziaei Soraya , Kaffashan Kakhki Mojtaba
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was to design an axial coding pattern for customer knowledge management (CKM) to identify the conditions affecting it from the perspective of experts in public university libraries.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study used a qualitative approach. To collect and analyze data, the grounded theory method with a three-stage strategy of open, axial and selective coding was employed. The research instrument was a semi-structured in-depth interview and the data were categorized using MAXQDA 10 software. The sample of the study consisted of 26 experts from Iranian public universities who were selected through a combined targeted non-random sampling procedure (targeted and snowball). The necessary data were obtained through specialized interviews with 9 faculty members and 17 managers of public university libraries.

Findings

In the present study, 106 open coding, 35 axial concepts, and 16 selective general categories were identified as the conditions affecting CKM development in academic libraries in the form of causal conditions, intervening conditions, strategies conditions, context conditions, and consequences conditions around the core layer of CKM development. The identification of these conditions led to the development of a paradigmatic pattern for the research.

Originality/value

There is no record of research on developing empirical studies in libraries using an analysis of the conditions affecting CKM development in the form of an axial coding pattern. The present research contributed to closing this research gap. The axial coding pattern proposed in this study can serve as a guide for implementing CKM in academic libraries as well as increasing customer loyalty.
Internal communication and employer branding within a humanistic model – a case study of IKEA (Spain, 2019–2021)
Authors: Pérez-Pérez Lucía , Berlanga Inmaculada , Victoria Juan Salvador
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The study aims to establish that a humanistic model is a necessary context for efficient employer branding (EB) and to identify the characteristic features of a humanistic model in IKEA.

Design/methodology/approach

This study included a review of the scientific literature and a narrative case study via semi-structured interviews with top management leaders and middle managers.

Findings

The research demonstrates that the effectiveness of EB depends on the implementation of a humanistic model and that IKEA uses a business paradigm that involves EB through a humanistic management model. In addition, the pandemic has enhanced prosocial management and revealed the need for this model in companies. Through the analysis of the humanistic model used by IKEA, the authors provide an example of how other organizations and business leaders can develop communities and society not based on profit maximization. However, further research is needed to contrast the quantitative information provided by the company itself and by external sources. What is offered in this article is the starting point for future studies on this topic.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies on EB in the context of a humanistic model and the first to use IKEA as a paradigmatic example.
Application progress of grey model technology in agricultural science
Authors: Li Bingjun , Zhang Shuhua , Li Wenyan , Zhang Yifan
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Grey modeling technique is an important element of grey system theory, and academic articles applied to agricultural science research have been published since 1985, proving the broad applicability and effectiveness of the technique from different aspects and providing a new means to solve agricultural science problems. The analysis of the connotation and trend of the application of grey modeling technique in agricultural science research contributes to the enrichment of grey technique and the development of agricultural science in multiple dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the relevant literature selected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Web of Science, SpiScholar and other databases in the past 37 years (1985–2021), this paper firstly applied the bibliometric method to quantitatively visualize and systematically analyze the trend of publication, productive author, productive institution, and highly cited literature. Then, the literature is combed by the application of different grey modeling techniques in agricultural science research, and the literature research progress is systematically analyzed.

Findings

The results show that grey model technology has broad prospects in the field of agricultural science research. Agricultural universities and research institutes are the main research forces in the application of grey model technology in agricultural science research, and have certain inheritance. The application of grey model technology in agricultural science research has wide applicability and precise practicability.

Originality/value

By analyzing and summarizing the application trend of grey model technology in agricultural science research, the research hotspot, research frontier and valuable research directions of grey model technology in agricultural science research can be more clearly grasped.
Field test and numerical reconstitution of natural winds at the tunnel entrance section of high-speed railway
Authors: Yang Weichao , Liu Yikang , Deng E. , Wang Youwu , He Xuhui , Lei Mingfeng , Zou Yunfeng
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the natural wind field characteristics of the tunnel entrance section and analyzing the aerodynamic performance of high-speed railway trains (HSRTs) under natural winds.

Design/methodology/approach

Three typical tunnel entrance section sites, namely, tunnel–bridge in a dry canyon (TBDC), tunnel–bridge in a river canyon (TBRC) and tunnel–flat ground (TF), are selected to conduct a continuous wind field measurement. Based on the measured wind characteristics, the natural winds of the TBDC and TF sites are reconstituted and imported into the two corresponding full-scale computational fluid dynamics models. The aerodynamic loads of the HSRT running on TBDC and TF with reconstituted winds are simply analyzed.

Findings

The von Kármán spectrum can be used to describe the wind field at the tunnel entrance section. In the reconstituted natural wind condition, a time-varying feature of wind speed distribution and leeward side vortex around the HSRT caused by the wind speed fluctuation is found. The fluctuating amplitude of aerodynamic loads at the TBDC infrastructure is up to 97.9% larger than that at the TF infrastructure.

Originality/value

The natural wind characteristics at tunnel entrance sections on the high-speed railway are first measured and analyzed. A numerical reconstitution scheme considering the temporal and spatial variation of natural wind speed is proposed and verified based on field measurement results. The aerodynamic performance of an HSRT under reconstituted natural winds is first investigated.
Critical success factors of Lean in Higher Education: an international perspective
Authors: Kokkinou Alinda , van Kollenburg Ton
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Continuous improvement initiatives such as Lean in Higher Education (HE) institutes are an emerging topic for research. Under pressure to do more with less, institutes of HE are increasingly adopting the tools and methods of lean to improve their quality practices. Nevertheless, institutes of HE differ significantly from business organizations. The purpose of this study was to examine the critical success factors (CSFs) of continuous improvement in this homogeneous industry. Two other contextual factors, implementation approach and national culture, are examined.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed methods approach, combining Q-methodology, online surveys and interviews, was used to investigate the CSFs of lean implementation in HE. Participants were recruited from an international network of lean practitioners in HE. Using Q-methodology, three perspectives of CSFs in HE were identified.

Findings

Lean implementation at institutes of HE is characterized by a bottom-up approach, involving mostly supporting processes. Contrary to business organizations, the role of management in the implementation of Lean in HE is limited and attention should instead be directed to employee empowerment and customer focus. The findings also showed that, at least for institutes of HE, organizational culture is more influential than national culture.

Practical implications

When management involvement is limited, a bottom-up implementation of lean is recommended, centered on improving university-wide supporting processes, promoting cross-departmental cooperation and overcoming the silo mentality. This approach requires an emphasis on a specific set of CSFs, namely, employee empowerment, sharing success stories and training.

Originality/value

The study findings enrich conceptually based lean implementation frameworks for HE that advocate a top-down implementation approach.
An investigation of battery storage operating strategies in the context of smart cities
Authors: Yao Xing , Ma Shao-Chao , Fan Ying , Zhu Lei , Su Bin
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The ongoing urbanization and decarbonization require deployment of energy storage in the urban energy system to integrate large-scale variable renewable energy (VRE) into the power grids. The cost reductions of batteries enable private entities to invest energy storage for energy management whose operating strategy may differ from traditional storage facilities. This study aims to investigate the impacts of energy storage on the power system with different operation strategies. Two strategies are modeled through a simulation-based regional economic power dispatch model. The profit-oriented strategy denotes the storage system operated by private entities for price arbitrage, and the nonprofit-oriented strategy denotes the storage system dispatched by an independent system operator (ISO) for the whole power system optimization. A case study of Jiangsu, China is conducted. The results show that the profit-oriented strategy only has a very limited impact on the cost reductions of power system and may even increase the cost for consumers. While nonprofit-oriented energy storage performs a positive effect on the system cost reduction. CO2 emission reduction can only be achieved under a high VRE scenario for energy storage. Integrating energy storage into the power system may increase CO2 emissions in the near term. In addition, the peak-valley spread is crucial to trigger operations of profit-oriented energy storage, and the profitability of energy storage operator is observed to be decreasing with the total storage capacity. This study provides new insights for the energy management in the smart city, and the modeling framework can be applied to regions with different resource endowments.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors characterize two battery storage operating strategies of profit- and nonprofit-oriented by adopting a simulation-based economic dispatch model. A simulation from 36 years of hourly weather data of wind and solar output from case study of Jiangsu, China is conducted.

Findings

The results show that the profit-oriented strategy only has a very limited impact on the cost reductions of power system and may even increase the cost for consumers. While nonprofit-oriented energy storage performs a positive effect on the system cost reduction. CO2 emission reduction can only be achieved under high VRE scenario for energy storage. Integrating energy storage into the power system may increase CO2 emissions in the near term. In addition, the peak-valley spread is crucial to trigger operations of profit-oriented energy storage, and the profitability of energy storage operator is observed to be decreasing with the total storage capacity.

Originality/value

This study provides new insights for the energy management in the smart city, and the modeling framework can be applied to regions with different resource endowments.
A grounded theory of information exclusion and information inclusion: framing the information experience of people seeking asylum
Authors: Le Louvier Kahina , Innocenti Perla
Published: August 2022

Purpose

This paper discusses an original theory of information exclusion and information inclusion, which explains how information interactions can be structured in ways that either exclude or include people seeking asylum.

Design/methodology/approach

This theory was developed through an ethnographic study of the information experience of people seeking asylum in the United Kingdom. Fieldwork involved participant observations, participatory research workshops and semi-structured interviews, analysed using a constructivist grounded theory approach.

Findings

People seeking asylum are confronted with two main information environments: the asylum system and the local third sector. Each environment frames contrasting information access, sharing and literacy practice modalities: the former produces information deprivation, information sharing agency denial and a fracturing information literacy practice; the latter facilitates multiple information affordances, information sharing agency promotion, and both local and heritage information literacy practice promotion. Our theory of information exclusion and information inclusion describes how through these modalities, an information environment can either promote or preclude inclusion.

Originality/value

Previous information studies of migration tend to conceptualise social ex/inclusion as a linear journey. Our theory originally frames this as a non-straightforward and conflicting process, allowing to better understand the experience of people who are not simply either socially excluded or included, but may experience both states depending on context. It also shows that exclusion is not a matter of fact and is not fundamental to asylum systems: it is produced by specific policies and procedures and can therefore be changed. Thus, this theory provides conceptual tools for researchers to investigate the information experience of individuals moving between conflicting information practices, and for civil society actors and policymakers to document exclusionary information practices and design inclusive ones.
Student trust in school peers: a relational condition for optimal school functioning
Authors: Adams Curt , Adigun Olajumoke Beulah , Fiegener Ashlyn
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to establish a line of inquiry into student trust in school peers by: (1) developing a valid and reliable measure and (2) investigating the potential influence of student trust in school peers on optimal school functioning.

Design/methodology/approach

A non-experimental, survey research design was used. Ex-post facto data were collected in the spring of 2017 and spring of 2019 from a random sample of students in either the 5th, 7th, 9th or 11th grades in 79 schools located in a southwestern city in the US. Two types of analyses were performed. First, structural and convergent validity of the items measuring student trust in school peers were tested with a confirmatory factor analysis, and correlations with bullying and safety. The second analysis tested a hypothesized model with a full structural equation model using robust maximum likelihood estimation.

Findings

Confirmatory factor analysis results report that items used to measure student trust in school peers share common variance with the latent trust factor. Both the 10-item and five-item measures had good model fit and parameter estimates. Additionally, the five-item measure had strong relationships with bullying and safety. As specified in the hypothesized model, student trust in peers had a strong, positive relationship with identification with school and positive, yet not as strong, of a relationship with academic grit. These relationships existed when accounting for student perceived teacher support.

Originality/value

This study extends trust research to students' relational connections by conceptualizing student trust in school peers as a cognitive belief, constructing a valid measure and finding a relationship between student–peer trust and elements optimal school functioning.
Should we stop using the label of “paternalistic leadership”? Evidence from three Chinese samples
Authors: Wong Chi-Sum , Lan Junbang , Peng Kelly Z. , Iun Joyce
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Proponents of paternalistic leadership argue that a paternalistic leader is authoritative and at the same time, a benevolent and moral individual, and this style is effective in non-Western societies. However, past empirical studies consistently found that authoritarianism related negatively to benevolence, morality and job outcomes. The authors posit that the original proposed style probably did not exist, or at least not being a dominant style, in modern Chinese business organizations.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors collected supervisor–subordinate dyadic data from three independent Chinese sample in Taiwan (N = 305), Hubei (N = 350) and Jiangsu (N = 270) and utilized the latent profile analysis method to test the hypotheses.

Findings

First, authoritarianism ratings are much lower than ratings of benevolence and morality. Second, none of the identified profiles is high on authoritarianism, benevolence and morality at the same time. Third, leadership style with low authoritarianism, but high on benevolence and morality leads to the best employee outcomes.

Originality/value

Conceptually, the authors clarify the typical leadership styles that compose of the independent dimensions proposed by paternalistic leadership researchers. Methodologically, the authors showed that using person-centered latent profile analysis method can examine combinations of various leadership dimensions or constructs to examine a leader as a whole person. Practically, understanding a leadership style that composes of different levels of various leadership constructs may better inform managers and leaders how they could effectively influence subordinates.
Overreaction and momentum in the Vietnamese stock market
Authors: Quy Duong Le , Bertrand Philippe
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Although the solid empirical proof of momentum is documented in various stock markets, there are many debates among academics with respect to the source of momentum profit. The first aim of this paper is intensively re-examine the momentum profit in Vietnam, an important emerging market. Secondly, the authors study the return predictability of a measure of investors’ overreaction, then examine whether the momentum effect in Vietnam is explained by overreaction.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the weekly data of more than 300 non-financial Vietnamese stocks during 2009–2019, the authors build a measure of investors’ overreaction, which is based on trading volume and the sign of stock returns. Consequently, to investigate whether momentum exits after controlling for overreaction, the authors carefully compare trading strategies based on overreaction with price momentum strategies using adjusted returns and double sorts on past returns and levels of overreaction.

Findings

The article makes three main findings. Firstly, the authors discover the empirical evidence of momentum in the Vietnamese equity market. Secondly, the measure of overreaction could be a predictor of Vietnamese stock returns. Stocks that have experienced a stronger upward overreaction provide a higher average return. Finally, returns on trading strategies based on overreaction are robust after adjusting for momentum, while returns on momentum portfolios become insignificant after adjusting for overreaction. By double-sorting, the authors document that holding past returns constant, the average returns of portfolios rise monotonically with their measure of overreaction. Hence, the momentum profit in Vietnam arises from investors’ overreaction.

Originality/value

The paper extends previous research on the behavioral explanation of momentum in emerging stock markets, which has not been fully exploited in the literature.
Collegiality, emotional labour and compassion in the academy: an autoethnographic study of Covid-19
Authors: Konstantinou Iro , Miller Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The paper draws upon autoethnographic accounts from two academic staff in a private higher education institution (HEI) in London, UK who try to make sense of their teaching and learning practices during the pandemic. Even though studies have looked into the impact of Covid-19 on teaching and learning and on students, this paper reflects on the experience of lecturers with a focus on their emotional labour and stressors during remote teaching and working.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a small case study of two colleagues from a small private institution in London, UK, which is based on autoethnography. The authors draw on personal notes, emails and other written artefacts alongside our memories of our lived experiences of the pandemic.

Findings

The authors’ reflections focus on the need for institutional collegiality as avenues to network and collaborate beyond institutions which have been limited (despite the increased interactions online) and the need to acknowledge emotional labour while providing spaces for staff to discuss their everyday experiences. The authors argue for a renewed importance for creating a sense of community during times of uncertainty and beyond. If these structures are put into place, the conditions to support teaching and learning will also strengthened.

Originality/value

There is a dearth in research which discusses emotional labour and the importance of community and collegiality on campuses and in the new way of working remotely. This paper adds to the empirical basis of such research and hopes to encourage others to share their experiences of emotional labour in the academy.
Very early evolution from the perspective of microbial ecology
Authors: Goldman Aaron D. , Kaçar Betül
Published: August 2022

The universal ancestor at the root of the species tree of life depicts a population of organisms with a surprising degree of complexity, posessing genomes and translation systems much like that of microbial life today. As the first life forms were most likely to have been simple replicators, considerable evolutionary change must have taken place prior to the last universal common ancestor. It is often assumed that the lack of earlier branches on the tree of life is due to a prevalence of random horizontal gene transfer that obscured the delineations between lineages and hindered their divergence. Therefore, principles of microbial evolution and ecology may give us some insight into these early stages in the history of life. Here, we synthesize the current understanding of organismal and genome evolution from the perspective of microbial ecology and apply these evolutionary principles to the earliest stages of life on Earth. We focus especially on broad evolutionary modes pertaining to horizontal gene transfer, pangenome structure, and microbial mat communities.
Measuring the Welfare Gain from a New Good: An Introduction
Authors: Creedy John
Published: August 2022

This article provides an introduction to the measurement of welfare gains from the introduction of a new good, based on the concept of the ‘virtual price’ and standard expressions for welfare changes arising from price changes.
Spatial frequency of randomly acquired characteristics on outsoles
Authors: Richetelli Nicole , Speir Jacqueline A.
Published: August 2022

The highest levels of source association in forensic footwear comparison rely on the agreement between randomly acquired characteristics (RACs) identified on questioned and exemplar test impressions. These features are presumed to be randomly acquired and independent. However, independent acquisition does not necessarily mean these features will be uniformly distributed across an outsole. The aim of this research was to determine if the distribution of RACs in a research dataset could be described by an inhomogeneous Poisson point process based on tread contact and wear. To achieve this goal, RAC spatial frequency from an empirical dataset of shoes was compared against simulated and modeled data assuming a Poisson point process. Deviations in count between the empirical and simulated/modeled predictions were examined using a Poisson rate test and Moran's I. Results indicate that RAC frequency over 67%–79% of an outsole can be reasonably well explained as a Poisson point process or by a Poisson generalized linear regression model (non‐spatial GLM) with tread contact as a predictor. Moreover, if the predictor is extended to include both tread contact and wear, RAC counts over 84% of the spatial locations on an outsole are well‐explained (although autocorrelation persists). Overall, results indicate that RACs are not uniformly distributed in this dataset, most likely because the factors that dictate RAC development (friction, gait, etc.) are not uniformly distributed. Although this observation in no way negates the use of RACs in forming source associations, the value of a correspondence can differ depending on its spatial location.
Standardizing No Net Loss Stream Mitigation Assessment Methods: Tradeoffs between Expediency and River Science
Authors: Peimer Alex W. , Rhoads Bruce L. , Bassett Thomas J.
Published: August 2022

Environmental regulators use No Net Loss policies to minimize the damaging impacts of development projects on water resources. In this context, regulators prefer standard environmental assessment protocols over ad hoc approaches. This article examines how the St. Louis District of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps) directed the development of statewide standard stream mitigation assessment protocols in Missouri and Illinois to comply with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. Protocol development in each state included Corps district representatives along with river scientists and various stakeholders. A primary tension in these discussions centered on the tradeoff between the efficiency of using the protocol vs. its scientific rigor. While consensus in Missouri was achieved by leveraging statewide agreements, Illinois lacked similar agreements and included a wider range of scientific participants, which hindered consensus. Despite these differences, the two states produced remarkably similar stream assessment methods. The similarity largely reflected the authority that Corps districts had over the Section 404 process and their privileging of simple and flexible stream mitigation assessments that can be used across different Corps districts. This study provides insights into the social processes that shape no net loss assessment protocols and the practical challenges of protecting the environmental quality of streams.
Massive blood transfusion following older adult trauma: The effect of blood ratios on mortality
Authors: Hohle Rae D. , Wothe Jillian K. , Hillmann Benjamin M. , Tignanelli Christopher J. , Harmon James V. , Vakayil Victor R.
Published: August 2022

Background

Massive blood transfusion (MBT) following older adult trauma poses unique challenges. Despite extensive evidence on optimal resuscitative strategies in the younger adult patients, there is limited research in the older adult population.

Methods

We used the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database from 2013 to 2017 to identify all patients over 65 years old who received a MBT. We stratified our population into six fresh‐frozen plasma:packed red blood cell (FFP:pRBC) ratio cohorts (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6+). Our primary outcomes were 24‐h and 30‐day mortality. We constructed multivariable regression models with 1:1 group as the baseline and adjusted for confounders to estimate the independent effect of blood ratios on mortality.

Results

A total of 3134 patients met our inclusion criteria (median age 73 ± 7.6 years, 65% male). On risk‐adjusted multivariable analysis, 1:1 FFP:pRBC ratio was independently associated with lowest 24‐h mortality (1:2 odds ratio [OR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–2.06, p < 0.001) and 30‐day mortality (1:2 OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.15–1.80, p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Compared to all other ratios, the 1:1 FFP:pRBC ratio had the lowest 24‐h and 30‐day mortality following older adult trauma consistent with findings in the younger adult population.
Ayahuasca Calling: Sacredness and the Emergence of Shamanic Vocations in Denmark and Peru
Authors: Petersen Margit Anne , Feldes Sarah , Cova Victor Sacha
Published: August 2022

This article addresses the sacredness of Ayahuasca from the perspective of the global shamanic vocation. If encounters with Ayahuasca are said to revitalize forms of sacredness in contemporary societies, this is perhaps clearest in cases where individuals understand themselves to be called to lead ceremonies. Recognizing the global scale of Ayahuasca shamanism, we compare facilitators of ceremonies in two societies to discern differences and similarities in how Ayahuasca vocations exist in differently modernized societies: Peru, a predominantly Catholic society with a substantial Indigenous Amazonian population and an active Ayahuasca shamanism tourism sector, and Denmark, a secular society in Northern Europe, where Ayahuasca is illegal. Building on recent reappraisals of Weber’s reflection on vocation and Durkheim’s theory of the sacred, we argue that being called by Ayahuasca to follow shamanic vocations in contemporary societies leads to tensions around the need to both justify and resist the rationalization of Ayahuasca.
“The Capital of Love”: Activists Resisting the Stigmas of Malmö through Storytelling
Authors: Hansen Christina
Published: August 2022

This article examines the effects of an anti‐racist narrative of a neighbourhood in Malmö, an important site of pro‐migrant and anti‐racist activism in Sweden. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in 2013–2016, the article analyses how this narrative was constructed as an effort to challenge the “crime‐due‐to‐immigration‐discourse” otherwise associated with Malmö and supported by far‐right political parties and their sympathisers in Sweden. The activists’ place‐based narratives constitute attempts of commoning and of prefiguring a certain future of the city as anti‐racist. This article shows how a certain narration of a place in a particular urban context enables and encourages a strong activist space, important when conducting large‐scale struggles for social justice and equality.
The secular/religious construction of neighbourhoods in Mandalay, Myanmar: Dhamma‐youns and wards
Authors: Roberts Jayde Lin
Published: August 2022

This article examines the entangled secular/religious construction of neighbourhoods in Mandalay as dynamic, people‐based and relational processes that are centred in dhamma‐youns (dhamma halls) which work within and across administrative ward boundaries. Cities in Myanmar have not followed the trajectories of urbanisation documented in the global North and its socio‐spatial relationships are inextricably bound to the Theravadin Buddhist lifeworld. This entanglement requires attention because international development aid promoted purely secular forms of urban governance between 2011 and 2021, and Buddhist morality remains salient after the February 2021 military coup d'état.
The association of chiral characteristic with drug withdrawal due to safety: A comparative analysis
Authors: Aydin Volkan , Bahar Ayfer , Vizdiklar Caner , Akici Ahmet
Published: August 2022

Aims

Chirality of drugs might be associated with safety issues through pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic variations, interactions, or direct toxicological responses. We aimed to compare chiral status of the available drugs to that of drugs withdrawn due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs).

Methods

We searched the literature regarding withdrawn drugs due to safety‐related issues (n = 391) to compare them with all available small‐molecule drugs (n = 1633). We examined their chiral status and assigned as achiral compound, chiral mixture or pure enantiomer. We compared the mean survival (i.e., nonwithdrawal) time and withdrawal rates of drugs by their chirality, with further stratification by the launch year, ATC‐1 (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical) level and ADR.

Results

We identified higher withdrawal rate in achiral drugs (hazard ratio 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6–2.7) and chiral mixtures (hazard ratio 2.6, 95% CI: 1.9–3.5) compared to that in pure enantiomers. Pure enantiomers had the longest mean survival time (62.4 ± 0.8 years), followed by achiral drugs (55.4 ± 0.9 years,P < .01) and chiral mixtures (52.4 ± 1.4 years,P < .01). Pure enantiomers had higher survival rates than chiral mixtures if launched before 1941 (P = .02), in 1961–1980 (P < .001) or 1981–2000 (P < .001). Pure enantiomers had lower withdrawal rate (18.2%)vs. chiral mixtures (35.1%,P = .02) in nervous system drugs. Pure enantiomers had lower withdrawal rate than chiral mixtures in hepatotoxic (P < .01) and cardiovascular ADRs (P < .01).

Conclusion

Our study showed lower likelihood of withdrawal for pure enantiomers compared to that in chiral mixtures and achiral drugs, which was more remarkable for those launched in certain time periods and several ADRs, including hepatotoxicity and cardiovascular toxicity.
A synthesis of deimatic behaviour
Authors: Drinkwater Eleanor , Allen William L. , Endler John A. , Hanlon Roger T. , Holmes Grace , Homziak Nicholas T. , Kang Changku , Leavell Brian C. , Lehtonen Jussi , Loeffler‐Henry Karl , Ratcliffe John M. , Rowe Candy , Ruxton Graeme D. , Sherratt Tom N. , Skelhorn John , Skojec Chelsea , Smart Hannah R. , White Thomas E. , Yack Jayne E. , Young Catherine M. , Umbers Kate D. L.
Published: August 2022

Deimatic behaviours, also referred to as startle behaviours, are used against predators and rivals. Although many are spectacular, their proximate and ultimate causes remain unclear. In this review we aim to synthesise what is known about deimatic behaviour and identify knowledge gaps. We propose a working hypothesis for deimatic behaviour, and discuss the available evidence for the evolution, ontogeny, causation, and survival value of deimatic behaviour using Tinbergen's Four Questions as a framework. Our overarching aim is to direct future research by suggesting ways to address the most pressing questions in this field.