bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging temporomandibular joint
Authors:   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Tymofieiev O. , Maksymcha S. ,   Medical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Medical University", Ukharska O. ,   Medical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Medical University", Yarifa M. ,   Medical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Medical University", Chaikovskyi I. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2024

Resume. topresent the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint of healthy people based on the results of the magnetic resonance imaging. Methods: there were examined 47 patients without the pathology of the temporomandibular joint. Results. There is presented anatomy of the temporomandibular complex based on the results of magnetic resonance imaging in patients without the pathology of temporomandibular joint. There were compared two methods of temporomandibular joint examination: CT and MRI. There are presented indications and contraindications (absolute and relative) for MRI. Knowing the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint of a healthy person when performing magnetic resonance imaging one can prove the efficiency of the examination to diagnose temporomandibular joint diseases i.e. muscular and articular dysfunction, inflammatory and dystrophic diseases, posttraumatic injuries, ankyloses, etc. Conclusions. Using the magnetic resonance imaging makes it possible to effectively diagnose degenerative, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of joints and surrounding soft tissues as it was proved by the performed examination of the temporomandibular joint of healthy people. Key words: temporomandibular joint, mandibular bone, maxillofacial area, magnetic resonance imaging.
Myofunctional appliance and elimination of oral habits as a necessary elements of complex orthodontic treatment of patients with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of oral habits
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Makhlynets N. , Ozhogan Z. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Pantus A. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Plaviuk L. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Neiko N. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of the complex treatment of maxillomandibular anomalies and oral habits. Research methods. The cross-sectional study involved 15 relatively healthy children and 60 children with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies and oral habits aged 15-17 years. A clinical examination was conducted. There was an extaoral examination, determination of the way of swallowing and breathing, determination of the condition of the temporomandibular joints, a photo protocol. The patients were given a secret questionnaire in order to identify stress factors that affect the body. The relationship between the presence of a stress factor and the appearance of changes in the maxillofacial area was studied. The cephalometric study was evaluated before and after complex treatment. We have compared the cephalometric study with the results of the clinical examination. Scientific novelty. The obtained results of secret survey, the STAI testify to the state of chronic tension of patients, a feeling of emotional relief during the period of using an oral habit. The results of the examination and photo protocol confirm pronounced changes in the symmetry and proportionality of the face in the area where was an oral habit associated with recorded extratonic reflexes. Patients had complex treatment with non-removable palatal structures, brace systems in combination with myogymnastics. The treatment was supplemented with myofunctional appliances, if there were functional disorders, in particular the act of swallowing or hidden mouth breathing. The results of the cephalometric study confirm the presence of adaptive changes on the part of the jaw bones and the muscular system and confirm the existence of a functional facial matrix. Conclusions. The etiopathogenetic approach to the complex treatment of orthodontic patients helps to achieve the desired therapeutic effect and prevent relapses. The long-term results of the treatment indicate that after the treatment, the clinical and cephalometric characteristics of the jaw bones and the muscular apparatus normalize in patients. Key words: stress, oral habits, maxillofacial deformations, cephalometry, myofunctional aplliance.
ON THE QUESTION OF THE CONCEPT AND SYSTEM OF MEASURES OF CRIMINAL LEGAL INFLUENCE APPLIED TO MINORS
Authors: Skorohodova Aleksandra
Published: April 2024

The article examines the system of measures of criminal and legal influence applied to minors who have committed socially dangerous acts in the domestic legislation. The question is raised about the definition of the concept of other measures of a criminal legal nature and their systematization. Based on the results of a comparative analysis of various points of view on the essence and system of other criminal law measures, the author identifies three approaches that can be traced in the positions of scientists on the interpretation of the content of other criminal law measures in the scientific literature: narrow formal interpretation, broad formal interpretation and interpretation based on a certain set of characteristic features and properties. It is noted that the systematization of other measures of a criminal-legal nature at the present stage of the existence of domestic legislation is extremely difficult due to insufficient legal regulation of this institution. Differentiating the concepts of "punishment", "other measure of a criminal-legal nature", "measure of criminal-legal impact", the author offers his own classification of measures of criminal-legal impact. When categorizing these measures against minors, criteria such as delinquency, the presence or absence of criminal liability, the form of implementation of measures of criminal legal impact are taken into account.
ORGANIZATION OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF EFFECTIVE USE OF BUDGETARY FUNDS
Authors: Solovkin Oleg , Zhil'nikov Artem
Published: April 2024

The article considers the organization of procurement for public needs as the most important tool in the structure of the modern economy based on the requirements of effective use of budgetary funds. For a better comprehensive understanding of the modern practice of public procurement, the work uses the experience of the relevant type of activity for the period from 2014 to 2021 of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia – the leading educational organization subordinate to the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. Step-by-step work in this area at the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia has been studied in terms of creating a contract service and a unified procurement commission in accordance with the requirements of the legislation on the contract system. In order to establish the impact of the quality of work on the organization of public procurement on the efficiency of the use of budgetary funds, the procurement activities of an educational organization are analyzed. The importance of obtaining and using financial savings for the needs of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is shown by the example of procurement of contract works for the overhaul of educational organization facilities.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE TYPE OF FAMILY RELATIONS WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPETENCE OF SELF-REGULATION OF DEVIANT ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Gaponova Sofija , Devet'jarova Irina
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the development of self- regulation competence and the type of family relationships in adolescents with deviant and normative behavior. 113 families took part in the study, including 55 prosperous families with adolescents of normative behavior and 58 dysfunctional families with adolescents of deviant behavior under the patronage control of the Municipal Budgetary Institution City Prevention Center "Teenager", Izhevsk. It was revealed that the levels of development of self-regulation and its regulatory processes in adolescents with deviant behavior are qualitatively different from their normally developing peers. It is shown that family relationships affect the level of development of self-regulation competence in deviant adolescents and can become a prerequisite for the formation of specific regulatory features of conscious self-regulation, which will act as resources for achieving / not achieving educational, personal goals, self-activity, socialization and success in various activities. A significant multidirectional relationship was found between the type of family relationships and the development of self-regulation competence in deviant and normative adolescents. The data obtained can be used when working with deviant adolescents and their families in educational organizations and social services.
PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINORS INVOLVED IN THE COMMISSION OF A CRIME
Authors: Il'jankova Ekaterina , Morozov Aleksandr
Published: April 2024

The article analyzes domestic and foreign experience on the problem of involving minors in the commission of crimes. The external and internal factors influencing the commission of crimes by minors are given. The empirical part of the study is presented by the results of content analysis of court decisions concerning minors involved in the commission of crimes committed in the period from 2015 to 2022; psychodiagnostic examination of minors. The authors come to the conclusion that the involvement of a minor in the commission of a crime is carried out through active actions aimed at forming his desire to commit a socially dangerous act. These actions include various forms of psychological influence, chosen by a capable person depending on the personal characteristics of minors. Involvement in criminal activity is associated with such personal characteristics of minors as denial of generally accepted norms and rules, determination, high volitional control, a pronounced tendency to autonomy and a low need for the approval of society, isolation from reality, a sense of loneliness.
Gestión de redes sociales y el nuevo consumidor digital millennial en una ciudad del Perú
Authors: Vargas Basilio Mónica , Yaulilahua Llancari Sandra María , Quincho Zevallos Héctor
Published: April 2024

Social networks management has undergone a remarkable evolution, becoming a fundamental element in the way people connect and make decisions online. In the current era, social networks have become essential meeting spaces, where both brands and individuals interact, collaborate and share experiences. It is for this reason that the main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between the management of social networks and the new millennial digital consumer in the district of Huancavelica, year 2020. In addition, it seeks to know if there is a relationship between the dimensions internet, media social, users and content, and the variable new millennial digital consumer. The study is of a basic type with a correlational level, with a non-experimental design that used probabilistic and stratified sampling. The population was made up of 15,998 millennials (people born between 1980 and 2000) from the Huancavelica district for the year 2020, the sample was 376 millennials and the data collection was carried out through a survey validated by three experts in the field and Its reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, giving 0.831. The results obtained revealed a Rho Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.554, with a p-value of 0.00, indicating a considerable positive relationship between social networks management and the new millennial digital consumer. Demonstrating that, by carrying out more effective management of social networks, the evolution of the millennial digital consumer is promoted.
Situación laboral de los egresados de las universidades sudamericanas: Una revisión sistemática
Authors: Bobadilla Cornelio Juana , González Tovar Catie , Bobadilla Cornelio Aidee , Medina Chávez Angélica , Sánchez Díaz Everth Jesús
Published: April 2024

The study analyses the complex employment situation of university graduates in South America, considering factors such as educational quality, labour market demand, specialized skills and technological adaptation. The objective is to analyze the existing literature on the situation of graduates from South American universities between 2019 and 2023. The PRISMA method was used, selecting 30 relevant studies. The criteria included English-language studies focused on the employment situation of South American graduates, excluding other approaches. The search was carried out in ERIC, Scopus and SciELO. The results provided a deeper understanding of graduates’ career paths and promoted skills for their insertion in an ever-changing market. The results of the systematic situation allowed a better understanding of the situation and evolution of professional trajectories, fostering skills in order to benefit the graduates in their insertion into the labour market. It is concluded that the employment situation of graduates is a challenge that needs collaborative action between educational institutions, governments with the establishment of policies that address the changing world of work.
La aplicación del diseño curricular por competencias en la Educación Superior: Una revisión sistemática 2019-2023
Authors: Saravia Domínguez Hurganda , Saavedra Villar Pablo , Felices Vizarreta Leslie Marielly , Campos Espinoza Mónica Marisol , Janampa Urbano Jaime Rolando
Published: April 2024

The competency-based curricular design allows Higher Education institutions to establish academic programs focused on the development of specific knowledge and capabilities. The objective of this research is to analyze the existing literature on the application of curricular design by competencies in Higher Education during the period 2019 to 2023. From this perspective, the PRISMA systematic review method was used, selecting 30 studies that met specific inclusion criteria. This made possible the synthesis of the evidence related to academic literature through the review of selected studies. The review was restricted to research in English focused on the development of competency-based curricular design in the field of Higher Education. Additionally, studies that did not specifically address these issues were excluded. The search was carried out in three academic databases: ERIC, Scopus and SciELO. The results of the systematic review provided insights into emerging patterns and trends in this field. It is concluded that this design promotes flexibility and adaptability in academic training, which enables institutions to respond to the changing demands of the labour market and society, thus ensuring relevant and updated education.
The effects of masticatory-related muscle stretching on the change of Salivary Secretion Rate and bite force
Authors:   The Korean Society of Oral Health Science, Kim Bo-Ram , Kim Seul-Gi , Kim Na-Yoon , Park Min-Kyoung , Choi Ja-Hyeong , Lee Min-Kyung
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The purpose is to confirm the relationship between bite force and saliva through muscle exercise or stretching related to chewing, and to confirm the activation of the caustic muscles accordingly to help improve and prevent bite force and saliva secretion. Methods: From November 14 to November 20, 2023, among adults aged 19 or older living in Busan Metropolitan City, a study was conducted on those who are not undergoing dental treatment or have no restrictions on bowing activities. Results: The most positive results were found in Group 4, which performed Chin Tuck Against Resistance, stretching and massage together. Conclusions: I think it is necessary for various subjects to find ways to exercise easily and conveniently strengthen their work-related sources.
Factors Affecting Chewing and Speaking Discomport in Korean Adults: Based on the 8th National Health and Nutrition Survey
Authors:   The Korean Society of Oral Health Science, Jeong Ho-Jin , Yu Su-Bin
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The present study intend to confirm notable factors that influence the chewing and speaking discomport of the adult in Korea. Methods: Raw data was acquired from the 8th national health and nutrition survey. The data was processed and analysed by using SPSS 21.0 ver. Results: As a result of investigating various factors and discomport in chewing and speaking, the discomport in chewing and speaking was found to be higher with age, married people, and lower income and education levels (p<0.05). Conclusions: The age, level of education, smoking are associated with chewing and speaking discomport.
Analysis of Knowledge and Practice Related to Infant Oral Health Care among Teachers at Kindergartens and Child Care Centers
Authors:   The Korean Society of Oral Health Science, Yu Su-Bin , Yun Jung-Won , Koo Hye-Hyun
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify the knowledge and practicable activities about oral health management in kindergartens and child care centers teachers. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled by 180 teachers that work at kindergartens and child care center in Gyeongnam, Busan and Ulsan from october to November, 2023. 173 questionnaires were analyzed, excluding 7 insincere responses by SPSS ver 21.0. Results: The majority of respondents were female, aged 40-49, married, 3 children, graduated from a college and had more than 7 years of educational experiences. Regarding the survey on the need for oral health education, education was very necessary, the most suitable educator was a dentist, and the training period was whenever necessary. Conclusions: Educational experience had a positive correlation with oral health knowledge.
HAVA YOLUYLA ULUSLARARASI TAŞIMACILIĞA İLİŞKİN BELİRLİ KURALLARIN BİRLEŞTİRİLMESİNE DAİR SÖZLEŞME (MONTREAL SÖZLEŞMESİ) KAPSAMINDA TAHKİM
Authors: Tarman Zeynep Derya
Published: April 2024

Bu çalışmada tahkim, tahkim anlaşması, tahkim yeri ve tahkim prosedürü konuları milletlerarası hava taşımacılığı açısından ele alınacaktır. Bu kapsamda, uluslararası hava taşımacılığından doğan uyuşmazlıkların çözümünde 28.5.1999 tarihli Hava Yoluyla Uluslararası Taşımacılığa İlişkin Belirli Kuralların Birleştirilmesine Dair Sözleşme’nin (Montreal Sözleşmesi) tahkime ilişkin 34. maddesi incelenecektir. Montreal Sözleşmesi’nin uygulama alanına ve devlet mahkemelerinin yetkilerine ilişkin kısaca bilgi verildikten sonra tahkim anlaşmasının şekli, tahkim yeri ile maddi hukuk ve usul hukuku kuralları çerçevesinde tahkim prosedürü konuları detaylandırılacaktır. Uyuşmazlık konusunun Sözleşme kapsamına girmemesi ya da uyuşmazlığın Sözleşme’de maddi hukuk kuralları ile doğrudan düzenlenmemesi halinde uygulanacak olan hukukun nasıl tespit edileceği meselesine değinilecektir. Son olarak, Montreal Sözleşmesi kapsamında tahkimin uygulamada tercih edilmeyen bir alternatif uyuşmazlık çözüm mekanizması olmasının nedenleri üzerinde durulacaktır.
You’ve Got a Friend: Religious Conservatives, Outsiders, and Social Bridging (APSA 2012 Annual Meeting Paper, JSSR submission 2014)
Authors: Yi Joseph
Published: April 2024

We formulate a three-part theory that links civil society organizations and social capital. Members of Protestant groupings that stress religious doctrines and that are historically less-established (e.g., Pentecostal, Jehovah’s Witnesses) report more close friends and racial diversity in their congregations, compared to other groupings (e.g., Baptist, Methodist). Attending a congregation that is racially diverse or that has many close friends predicts friendships with blacks, Hispanics and gays. White Christians with other-race friends are also more likely to report gay friends. Finally, close ties with Hispanics and gays are associated, respectively, with more support for immigration and same-sex rights.
PEMANFAATAN PEKARANGAN RUMAH SEBAGAI SUMBER KETERSEDIAAN AROMATIK ALAMI UNTUK PEMBUATAN LILIN AROMATERAPI DI DESA TAJUR HALANG
Authors: Rubyasih Arina , Wijayanti Sukma Wahyu , Rusyana Enang , Ekoresti Stefani Nawati , Koesanto Stefani Made Ayu Artharini
Published: March 2024

Peranan lahan pekarangan secara tidak langsung mampu mempengaruhi ekonomi rumah tangga, namun dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga bila dilakukan secara optimal. permasalahan utama di Desa Tajur Halang khususnya bagi RT 01 RW 02 Desa Tajur Halang Kec. Tajur Halang Kabupaten Bogor dalam program pegabdian kepada masyarakat di Desa Tajur Halang dapat ditinjau dari tingkat ekonomi masyarakat setempat dan dari kesadaran masyarakat terhadap  pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan yang tersedia. Kegiatan pengabdian dosen Universitas Terbuka ini berfokus pada peningkatan kreativitas masyarakat dalam memanfaatkan bahan alam atau tanaman yang terdapat di lingkungan sekitar masyarakat secara tepat guna dan arif, peningkattan kreativitas masyarakat untuk dapat mengembangkan pembuatan lilin aromaterapi dari berbagai jenis tanaman aromatik lainnya yang pada akhirnya akan menumbuhkan kesadaran dan kreativitas masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan segala sumber daya potensial yang mereka miliki secara optimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah metode ceramah, demonstrasi, praktek, monitoring serta evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian semua warga belajar dapat memanfaatkan lahan pekarangan menjadi efektif dan dapat membuat lilin aromaterapi.
The role of house yard can indirectly affect the household economy, also can be used to improve household welfare. The main problem in Tajur Halang Village, especially for RT 01 RW 02 Tajur Halang Village, Bogor Regency in the community service program in Tajur Halang Village can be viewed from the economic level of the local community and community awareness of the use of available yards. This Open University lecturer service activity focuses on increasing community creativity in utilizing natural materials or plants found in the environment around the community efficiently and wisely, increasing community creativity to be able to develop the manufacture of aromatherapy candles from various other types of aromatic plants which will eventually raise awareness and community creativity to optimally utilize all the potential resources they have. The methods used in this community service activity are lectures, demonstrations, practice, monitoring, and evaluation methods. The results of the community service activities for all learning residents can make effective use of the yard area and can make aromatherapy candles.
PEMANFAATAN LAHAN PEKARANGAN SEMPIT MELALUI SISTEM AKUAPONIK PADA KELOMPOK KARANG TARUNA PANCASAKA, KELURAHAN PONDOK CABE ILIR, PAMULANG, TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Farida Idha , Sinar Tengku Eduard Azwar , Yani Diarsi Eka , Huda Nurul , Sigit Argadatta
Published: March 2024

Pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan sempit merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengantisipasi ketersediaan lahan bagi masyarakat yang semakin berkurang, akibat alih fungsi lahan dari sektor pertanian ke nonpertanian. Akuaponik merupakan salah satu pemanfaatan lahan pekarangan sempit untuk mendukung ketahanan pangan bagi masyarakat sekitar. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (abdimas) dilaksanakan di kelompok karang taruna Pancasaka RT 04/RW 09, Kelurahan Pondok Cabe Ilir, Pamulang, Tangerang Selatan sebanyak 20 orang. Adapun kegiatan abdimas Universitas Terbuka (UT) ini dibagi menjadi 6 tahap yaitu (1) tahap persiapan, (2) tahap penyuluhan sistem akuaponik, (3) tahap menyemai bibit tanaman dalam gelas plastik, (4) tahap menanam benih ikan, (5) tahap pemeliharaan tanaman dan ikan, (6) tahap panen tanaman dan ikan. Kegiatan abdimas  bertujuan (1) memberikan pengetahuan dan  informasi kepada kelompok karang taruna Pancasaka tentang kebun vertikal dengan menggunakan metode akuaponik, (2) meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan anggota kelompok dalam memelihara tanaman sayuran dan ikan air tawar dengan menggunakan kolam terpal. Hasil kegiatan abdimas ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perubahan tingkat pengetahuan anggota kelompok karang taruna Pancasaka dari tidak tahu menjadi tahu tentang pemanfaatan sistem akuaponik dalam pekarangan sempit; memiliki keterlibatan yang tinggi dalam setiap tahapan proses abdimas UT, serta mampu mempraktekkan metode mina tani dengan sistem akuaponik.
Utilization of yards is one way to anticipate the diminishing availability of land for the community, due to the conversation of land functions from the agricultural sector to the no agricultural sector. Aquaponics is one of the uses of yard land to support food security for the surrounding community. Community service activities were carried out in the Pancasaka youth group, RT 04/RW 09, Pondok Cabe Ilir Village, Pamulang South Tangerang, with 20 people. The UT community service activities are divided into 6 stges, namely (1) the preparation stage, (2)aquaponics system counselling stage, (3) the stage of sowing plant seeds in plastic cups, (4) level of planting fish seeds, (5) level of plant and fish preservation, (6) harvest stage of plant and fish . UT’s community service activities aim to (1) provide information to the Pancasaka youth group about vertical gardens using the aquaponics method, (2) to improve the abilities and skills of group members in caring for vegetables and freshwater fish using tarpaulinponds. The results of this community service activity indicated that there was a change in the level of knowledge of the members of the Pancasaka youth group from not knowing to knowing about the use of the aquaponics system in narrow yards; as well as having high involvement in every stage of the UT service process..
Sleep Pattern and Diabetes: Finding from a Cross-Sectional Study in Iraq
Authors: Salih Israa M. , Al-Qazaz Harith Kh.
Published: April 2024

Aim: Diabetes is a seriously debilitating disease with deleterious complications associated with physical and psychological aspects of diabetic patients. Sleep quality in diabetics is affected by various factors such as the duration of the disease and its complications. The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep quality among type 2 diabetic patients and it is relation to glycemic control.

Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbances among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was conducted. Face to face interview was used to obtain participant’s information by using a validated questionnaire. The value of fasting blood sugar or random blood sugar and HbA1c were also obtained.

Results: Among 380 type 2 diabetes mellitus, 76.8% had poor sleep quality. No significant correlation was found between age, body-mass index, duration of diabetes, and duration of comorbid disease. Sleep showed a significant association with HbA1c, gender, educational level, employment and monthly income.

Conclusion: Sleep disorder is a common problem among diabetic patients, in this study about two third of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had poor sleep quality. Bad sleep has a negative impaction on glycemic control so it is important to focus on sleep quality and try to improve it to maintain accepted glycemic control and reduce the risk of diabetic complications.

Keywords: type 2 diabetes, sleep, glycemic control, sleep quality
Working Capital: Development of the Field through Scientific Mapping: An Updated Review
Authors: Mirón Sanguino Ángel-Sabino , Crespo-Cebada Eva , Muñoz Elena Muñoz , Caro Carlos Diaz
Published: April 2024

Throughout history, the analysis of companies’ financial structure has been approached from different angles, with different areas of the overall financial situation being separated and studied independently in order to improve understanding. Within the framework of short-cycle analysis and, more specifically, of the cash flow statement, it is of vital importance for a company to manage an adequate proportion of working capital, and this is where the focus of the present work is centred. This study was carried out to offer support to the theoretical framework for future research on working capital, given its importance for the analysis of the operational cycle of companies. This study uses bibliometric techniques to gain a better understanding of the current situation and trends in this area of research. The results are framed in all of the periods in which work on working capital has been documented, which are divided into two periods: up to 2019, and from 2020 to 2024. The results show the current evolution of the topics, with supplier credit dominating, and indicate potential topics for further research to address in this area.
Identification of the Multifunctionality of Andalusian Autochthonous Pastoral Livestock Breeds at the Farm Level
Authors: Cruz Moriana Verónica , Mancilla-Leytón Juan Manuel , Mena Yolanda , Ruiz Morales Francisco de Asís
Published: April 2024

The multifunctionality of agricultural and livestock systems is a pivotal attribute that should be considered when formulating rural policies, as it serves as a significant source of income for those managing these systems in their respective areas. The objective of this work was to quantify the farm-level multifunctionality of extensive livestock systems with local meat breeds (cattle, sheep and goats) in Andalusia (southern Spain). The study focused on three autochthonous breeds located in southern Spain: (i) the Pajuna cattle breed; (ii) the Negra Serrana goat breed; and (iii) the Lojeña sheep breed. To assess multifunctionality in Andalusian systems, four aggregated function scores based on farm characteristics and activities were identified and evaluated: (i) production function; (ii) residence function; (iii) habitat and biodiversity function; and (iv) recreational, cultural and educational function. The farm data supporting these indicators were derived from personal interviews conducted with a total of 40 farmers. The total multifunctionality index was significantly higher for Lojeña sheep compared with Pajuna cattle and Negra Serrana goats. Across each breed, scores varied significantly for individual functions and indicators, highlighting the complexity and diversity inherent in each system. Based on the results obtained, a series of specific changes are deemed necessary to enhance the multifunctionality of the farms that specialize in the three breeds studied: (i) ensuring food self-sufficiency by promoting local opportunities; (ii) advocating for equal participation and active involvement of spouses in farm work; (iii) establishing optimal pasture management practices; (iv) fostering the development of activities related to livestock farming that contribute to ecotourism or rural tourism; (v) aligning local livestock farming practices with tasks related to forest fire prevention; and (vi) encouraging the participation of livestock farmers in training future practitioners and disseminating the role of livestock farming in society.
Assisting the Planning of Harvesting Plans for Large Strawberry Fields through Image-Processing Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Chenglin , Han Qiyu , Li Chunjiang , Li Jianian , Kong Dandan , Wang Faan , Zou Xiangjun
Published: April 2024

Reasonably formulating the strawberry harvesting sequence can improve the quality of harvested strawberries and reduce strawberry decay. Growth information based on drone image processing can assist the strawberry harvesting, however, it is still a challenge to develop a reliable method for object identification in drone images. This study proposed a deep learning method, including an improved YOLOv8 model and a new image-processing framework, which could accurately and comprehensively identify mature strawberries, immature strawberries, and strawberry flowers in drone images. The improved YOLOv8 model used the shuffle attention block and the VoV–GSCSP block to enhance identification accuracy and detection speed. The environmental stability-based region segmentation was used to extract the strawberry plant area (including fruits, stems, and leaves). Edge extraction and peak detection were used to estimate the number of strawberry plants. Based on the number of strawberry plants and the distribution of mature strawberries, we draw a growth chart of strawberries (reflecting the urgency of picking in different regions). The experiment showed that the improved YOLOv8 model demonstrated an average accuracy of 82.50% in identifying immature strawberries, 87.40% for mature ones, and 82.90% for strawberry flowers in drone images. The model exhibited an average detection speed of 6.2 ms and a model size of 20.1 MB. The proposed new image-processing technique estimated the number of strawberry plants in a total of 100 images. The bias of the error for images captured at a height of 2 m is 1.1200, and the rmse is 1.3565; The bias of the error for the images captured at a height of 3 m is 2.8400, and the rmse is 3.0199. The assessment of picking priorities for various regions of the strawberry field in this study yielded an average accuracy of 80.53%, based on those provided by 10 experts. By capturing images throughout the entire growth cycle, we can calculate the harvest index for different regions. This means farmers can not only obtain overall ripeness information of strawberries in different regions but also adjust agricultural strategies based on the harvest index to improve both the quantity and quality of fruit set on strawberry plants, as well as plan the harvesting sequence for high-quality strawberry yields.
Effect of Biochar Using N, P, and K Fertilisers on Growth and Quality of Lithocarpus litseifolius
Authors: Ye Zelin , Zhang Hang , Lin Xiequan , Huang Siqi , Zou Shuangquan , Zou Xiaoxing
Published: April 2024

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of facile combinations of biochar and N, P, and K fertilisers on the growth and physiological characteristics of Lithocarpus litseifolius seedlings, and to optimise the biochar/NPK ratio of Lithocarpus litseifolius. Method: A four-factor three-level orthogonal method was used to conduct a field experiment using 2-year-old Lithocarpus litseifolius. Nine fertiliser treatments and one control treatment (CK, i.e., no fertiliser) were established in a completely randomised block group with six replications of ten treatments. The plants were planted in October 2020 and harvested in November 2021, and fertiliser was applied once in April 2021 and once in July 2021. Results: Rational application could effectively promote the growth of Lithocarpus litseifolius, and T4(C2N1P2K3) produced the highest increase in plant height growth (17.03 cm), diameter growth (5.47 mm), soluble sugar (94.60 mg/g), soluble protein (4.59 mg/g), and phlorizin (old leaf: 16.00%; tender leaf: 15.13%); T8(C3N2P1K3) resulted in the highest chlorophyll a content (1.46 mg/g), chlorophyll b content (0.62 mg/g), and total chlorophyll content (2.08 mg/g), and T1(C1N1P1K1) resulted in the highest contents of starch (11.60 mg/g) and trilobatin (old leaf: 0.29%; tender leaf: 2.28%). The indicators corresponding to the above three treatments were significantly higher than those under the other treatments (p < 0.05). The results as analysed by the affiliation function method show that the highest mean value of the affiliation function was 0.645 after T4(C2N1P2K3) treatment. Conclusions: The combination of biochar and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilisers can effectively increase the biomass and active components of Lithocarpus litseifolius while reducing the amount of chemical fertiliser applied. A comprehensive analysis of the results showed that the T4 treatment (biochar: 20 g/plant; urea: 10 g/plant; superphosphate: 9 g/plant; potassium chloride: 12 g/plant) resulted in the highest comprehensive score, with the highest increase in plant height growth, ground diameter growth, root–crown ratio, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and phlorizin, as well as other indicators.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of a Discrete Incremental Hydraulic Positioning System Controlled by Binary Valves
Authors: Dindorf Ryszard
Published: April 2024

This article presents the conceptual design, operation principle, dynamic modeling, and simulation results of a discrete incremental hydraulic positioning system (DIHPS) intended for use in high-precision, heavy-load industrial automation solutions. An original solution for precise incremental step positioning using DIHPS is proposed, comprising an n-step linear double-acting hydraulic actuator (HA) with a double rod, cylinder sleeve with outflow gaps, binary valves (BVs) bleed-off into the tank, and fixed throttle valves (TRVs) at the inlets of the actuator chambers. The discrete incremental shift of the HA is determined by controlling the opening and closing of the individual BVs, and the step shift of the HA piston stops at the opening location of the BV. A dynamic model of incremental step shift for DIHPS is developed, considering the behavior and relationships of its individual elements. A dynamic model of HA with and without a hydropneumatic accumulator (HPA) is presented. HPA has been shown to effectively dampen piston vibrations and pressure peaks at the HA stop position. The design assumptions, dynamic models, and discrete incremental positioning of the DIHPS are verified by simulation tests and assessed with quantitative indicators. Innovative DIHPSs have significant practical potential in the discrete incremental positioning of heavy loads.
Spatio-Temporal Behavior Detection in Field Manual Labor Based on Improved SlowFast Architecture
Authors: Zou Mingxin , Zhou Yanqing , Jiang Xinhua , Gao Julin , Yu Xiaofang , Ma Xuelei
Published: April 2024

Field manual labor behavior recognition is an important task that applies deep learning algorithms to industrial equipment for capturing and analyzing people’s behavior during field labor. In this study, we propose a field manual labor behavior recognition network based on an enhanced SlowFast architecture. The main work includes the following aspects: first, we constructed a field manual labor behavior dataset containing 433,500 fast-track frames and 8670 key frames based on the captured video data, and labeled it in detail; this includes 9832 labeled frames. This dataset provides a solid foundation for subsequent studies. Second, we improved the slow branch of the SlowFast network by introducing the combined CA (Channel Attention) attention module. Third, we enhanced the fast branch of the SlowFast network by introducing the ACTION hybrid attention module. The experimental results show that the recognition accuracy of the improved SlowFast network model with the integration of the two attention modules increases by 7.08%. This implies that the improved network model can more accurately locate and identify manual labor behavior in the field, providing a more effective method for problem solving.
Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Biological Samples: A Review of Experiments with Soft Tissues
Authors: Manrique Javier , Garrido Pedro , Velasco Joaquín
Published: April 2024

This article reviews the advances made during the past two decades in the application of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to biological samples, specifically soft tissues (both animal and human). The first sections include a historical overview and a summary of the biomedical relevance of analyzing metals in these tissues. Next, statistical methods employed in some works are presented, along with a detailed description of the innovations developed in experimental systems. The remainder of the review reports the approaches used in the experiments, focusing on a description of the advances that have enabled the successful application of LIBS to soft tissues. The results are evaluated, and the major challenges remaining for this type of sample are discussed. The aim of this review is to provide useful information that encourages future research on LIBS for biological samples.
High Added-Value by-Products from Biomass: A Case Study Unveiling Opportunities for Strengthening the Agroindustry Value Chain
Authors: Dos Santos Filipe Kayodè Felisberto , Barcellos-Silva Ian Gardel Carvalho , Leite-Barbosa Odilon , Ribeiro Rayssa , Cunha-Silva Yasmin , Veiga-Junior Valdir Florencio
Published: April 2024

The current era witnesses a remarkable advancement in biomass utilization, guided by the principles of green chemistry and biorefinery and the comprehensive exploitation of plant-based raw materials. Predominantly, large-scale production methods have been pursued, akin to approaches in the oil industry, enabling the incorporation of novel products into energy and petrochemical markets. However, the viability of such systems on a small and medium scale is hindered by logistical challenges and the constraints of economies of scale. For small agricultural producers and food processing companies, the complete utilization of biomass transcends environmental responsibility, evolving into a strategy for survival through the diversification of by-products with enhanced value. The state of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil presents a range of population dynamics, geographical features, climate conditions, and agricultural production patterns that closely resemble those found in various tropical countries and agricultural regions worldwide. This region, sustaining a green belt supporting 17 million people, provides an apt case study for investigating chemical compounds with potential value among agro-industrial residues, which can motivate the creation of a lucrative biotechnological industry. Examples include naringenin and hesperidin from oranges and lemons, epi-gallo-catechin gallate from bananas, caffeic acids from coffee, and the bromelain enzyme from pineapples. This study addresses the challenges associated with developing biotechnological alternatives within the agroindustry, considering economic, technological, logistical, and market-related aspects. The insights from examining the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro will contribute to the broader discourse on sustainable biomass utilization and the creation of value-added by-products.
A Subtype Perspective on Cognitive Trajectories in Healthy Aging
Authors: Rodrigues Emma A. , Christie Gregory J. , Cosco Theodore , Farzan Faranak , Sixsmith Andrew , Moreno Sylvain
Published: April 2024

Cognitive aging is a complex and dynamic process characterized by changes due to genetics and environmental factors, including lifestyle choices and environmental exposure, which contribute to the heterogeneity observed in cognitive outcomes. This heterogeneity is particularly pronounced among older adults, with some individuals maintaining stable cognitive function while others experience complex, non-linear changes, making it difficult to identify meaningful decline accurately. Current research methods range from population-level modeling to individual-specific assessments. In this work, we review these methodologies and propose that population subtyping should be considered as a viable alternative. This approach relies on early individual-specific detection methods that can lead to an improved understanding of changes in individual cognitive trajectories. The improved understanding of cognitive trajectories through population subtyping can lead to the identification of meaningful changes and the determination of timely, effective interventions. This approach can aid in informing policy decisions and in developing targeted interventions that promote cognitive health, ultimately contributing to a more personalized understanding of the aging process within society and reducing the burden on healthcare systems.
Editorial for Brain Sciences Special Issue: “Advances in Skull Base Tumor Surgery: The Practical Pearls”
Authors: Lopez-Gonzalez Miguel Angel
Published: April 2024

The field of skull base surgery is unique; it involves the adequate and coordinated multidisciplinary interaction of multiple specialties, such as otorhinolaryngology, maxillofacial surgery, ophthalmology, neuro-anesthesiology, oncology, radiation oncology, neurophysiology, and neurosurgery [...]
Advances in Research on Brain Health and Dementia: Prevention and Early Detection of Cognitive Decline and Dementia
Authors: Yamasaki Takao , Ikeda Takuro
Published: April 2024

Although “brain health” has many definitions, the core definition is the maintenance of optimal brain structure and function [...]
From Sport Psychology to Action Philosophy: Immanuel Kant and the Case of Video Assistant Referees
Authors: Galily Yair
Published: April 2024

The implementation of Video Assistant Referees (VARs) in 2018 has had a significant impact on the multi-billion-dollar soccer industry. As the most popular and watched sport globally, soccer’s financial stakes are high, with clubs, leagues, broadcasters, sponsors, and fans heavily invested in the game. The ongoing debate surrounding the VAR system brings to light the intricate balance between preserving the authenticity of football (soccer) and harnessing technology to improve accuracy. It is crucial to strike the right equilibrium in order to uphold football’s metaphorical power and sustain the timeless joy it has brought to fans throughout generations. In this context, Immanuel Kant’s philosophy can offer valuable insights into the utilization of VARs in soccer. According to Kantian ethics, using VARs can be justified if it serves to enhance fairness and accuracy, aligning with the moral duties of referees. Nevertheless, it is important to consider the potential dehumanizing effects and the necessity of preserving the value of human judgment in the game. Therefore, this paper aims to explore in-depth the intricate dynamics that arise when technology is integrated into traditional practices, emphasizing the significance of critical reflection on the implications of such advancements.
The Effect of Induced Regulatory Focus on Frontal Cortical Activity
Authors: Lin Yiqin , Sun Xiaomin
Published: April 2024

The motivation–direction model has served as the primary framework for understanding frontal cortical activity. However, research on the link between approach/avoidance motivation and left/right frontal cortical activity has produced inconsistent findings. Recent studies suggest that regulatory systems may offer a more accurate explanation than the motivational direction model. Despite being regulatory systems, the relationship between regulatory focus and frontal cortical activity has received limited attention. Only one experimental study has explored this connection through correlational analysis, yet it lacks causal evidence. The present study aimed to address this gap by manipulating regulatory focus and measuring frontal cortical activity in 36 college students. Our results revealed that induced promotion focus led to increased left frontal cortical activity, whereas induced prevention focus led to increased right frontal cortical activity. These findings enhance our physiological understanding of regulatory focus and offer a deeper explanation of how regulatory focus influences alterations in psychology and behavior.