bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CLASSIC OF RESHETYLIVKA CARPET WEAVING LEONID SAMIILOVYCH TOVSTUKHA: A COMBINATION OF NEW WAYS AND FOLK TRADITIONS
Authors: Kudria O. , Kis A.
Published: September 2021

The article examines the famous master of Ukrainian carpet weaving Leonid Tovstukha’s life and creative activity features; his contribution as a People’s Artist of Ukraine in the development of carpet weaving in Reshetylivka region and its popularization in Ukraine and abroad is analyzed. A wide range of opportunities to use the master’s achievements in the process of future labor education and technology teacher training are revealed.

It is noted that the artist most vividly demonstrated his talent in thematic works at the beginning of his creative activity. These are carpets with an organic combination of portrait images with traditional floral ornaments. During his life, L. Tovstukha created about one and a half hundred carpets, real masterpieces, and a number of mass works. It is proved that Leonid Tovstukha sought his new ways in carpet weaving but always followed the basics and folk traditions.

The article examines Leonid Tovstukha’s career from the head of the carpet shop, an artist, a chief engineer, to the head of Klara Zetkin Art Products Factory. It is noted that along with creative and administrative work Leonid Tovstukha was active in public life. Leonid Tovstukhas’ creative work and life as the People’s Artist of Ukraine, winner of the Taras Shevchenko National Prize, longtime head of the Klara Zetkin Art Products Factory, Honorary Citizen of Reshetylivka is characterized by the importance of achievements and significant personal contribution to Ukraine’s development and contribution to the world. It is proved that Leonid Tovstukha, preserving the traditions, said a fundamentally new word in art, which is valuable in the process of professional teacher training.
OVERVIEW OF MOBILE MACHINE DESIGNS FOR LARGE-SIZED PRODUCTS
Authors: Marusich K. , Druzhinin V.
Published: September 2021

The repair of large-sized products without a specialized repair facility is usually not available due to the impossibility of ensuring high accuracy when performing mechanical processing. Nevertheless, dismantling and moving large-sized items to the repair facility significantly increase the downtime of the equipment being repaired, or it is technically impossible to perform. Specialized machines that are used to repair large-sized items in such facilities are unique and expensive. They are heavily loaded and this can lead to various risks associated with the timing of the repair. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the time required for dismantling, moving and processing large-sized items. In this regard, the rejection of these operations in favor of the use of mobile machines will significantly reduce the time and cost of repairs of large equipment. The article discusses domestic and foreign achievements in the field of mobile machines and systems that are used for maintenance and machining of large-sized products on site without dismantling. A number of designs of specialized mobile machines for use in various industries are described.
High versus low doses of rosuvastatin on postoperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting; a double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Mirbolouk Fardin , Salari Arsalan , Dadkhah Tirani Heidar , Moayerifar Mani , Gholipour Mahboobe , Sheikhi Mahdieh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Statins are beneficial treatments for patients with cardiovascular disease; however the relation between dose and clinical outcomes has not been evaluated. Objectives: We compared the effects of high versus low-dose of rosuvastatin on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Patients and Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, patients undergoing open heart surgery were randomly divided into two groups of 76 (received 5 mg dose) and 84 (received 20 mg dose) in Heshmat hospital, in Rasht. The study was started during the hospitalization period and after discharge until one month. Data were obtained by demographic questionnaire, clinical and changes in laboratory tests based on pre- and post-surgery. To analyze the variables, paired sample t test was applied. P value ≤0.05 was taken as significant. Results: The ages of the participants were 58.36±7 and 59.5±9 years for the treatment with high and low dosages of rosuvastatin (20 mg and 5 mg) respectively (P = 0.28). AKI (acute kidney injury) as a primary outcome was not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Secondary outcomes (changes in lipid profiles, new atrial fibrillation (AF), postoperative infection) were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). However, the increased values of CK-MB were significantly more in high-dose rosuvastatin than in low-dose rosuvastatin treated group (P<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we compared the effects of high versus low doses of rosuvastatin on postoperative outcomes such as AKI, new AF, infection and myocardial infarction (MI) in CABG surgery. We found rosuvastatin can associate with decreased occurrence of postoperative outcomes of CABG in which no significant differences between high versus low dose of this drug. Trial Registration: The trial protocol was approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (identifier: IRCT20180113038329N1; https://irct.ir/trial/29938; ethical code# IR.GUMS.REC.1396.368).
New therapy for chemotherapy-induced hepatic failure in leukemia; a randomized double-blind clinical trial study
Authors: Ghazizadeh Farid , Noroozi Mehran , Shadara Parvaneh , Rasouli Javad , Hejazi Sasan
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Hepatotoxicity is usual toxicity after chemotherapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. Conventional treatment methods such as supportive care did not have an effective role in the improvement of hepatotoxicity. Objectives: In this study clinical efficacy of milk thistle in contrast with placebo was compared in leukemia patients with chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity. Patients and Methods: In this double-blind study, 93 ALL patients with chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity were randomized to a clinical trial with milk thistle or placebo. Liver enzymes level evaluated during 70 days. We divided patients randomly into two groups. Milk thistle at dosage of 7 mg/kg daily was prescribed in the intervention group while in the control group, placebo pills similar to milk thistle in shape and color were prescribed daily. Results: At day 35 and day 70 of the study, in the milk thistle arm ALT and AST mean serum levels were lower than the placebo group (P<0.001). In the milk thistle group there was a significant reduction in mean of AST and ALT during the first 35 days in patients who were taking livergol in comparison to next 35 days that patients stopped taking it. Children’s age was between 3-15 years. Conclusion: Based on our results, milk thistle improves liver function in chemotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity and there was no need for dose reduction or discontinuation of chemotherapy. Future clinical trials should be conducted to explore longtime effect of livergol in leukemia patients and to determine if there is any need for prophylactic administration of antioxidants. Trial Registration: This clinical trial has been approved by the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials at 2018-02-14 (identifier: IRCT20170821035831N2; http://en.irct.ir/trial/26957).
The association of two single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the FOXP3 gene (rs3761548 and rs3761547) with renal allograft function and survival in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Attari Vahideh , Rasi Hashemi Seyed Sadroddin , Oloufi Solmaz , Aghebati Maleki Leili , Shanehbandi Dariush , Jalili Mahsa , Aghebati Maleki Ali , Noshad Hamid , Ardalan Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The FOXP3 protein is an immune regulatory protein that specifically maintains the function and differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and prevents autoimmunity. Variations in FOXP3 gene may alter its function and also the immune response. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the association of the FOXP3 gene polymorphisms -3499 A/G and -3279 A/C with renal allograft function and survival in kidney transplant recipients. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 150 eligible kidney transplant recipients were evaluated. Kidney function was evaluated at three- and five-year post-transplant using serum creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate as indicators. Genotyping of the study participants was performed using the PCR– restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results: The frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes of the -3499 A/G polymorphism were 62.42%, 29.53%, and 8.05%, respectively. For the -3279 A/C polymorphism, the frequencies of the AA, AC, and CC genotypes were 21.33%, 32%, and 46.67%, respectively. The mean ± SD of serum creatinine level, three and five years after transplantation were 1.70 ± 1.58 and 1.87 ± 1.94, respectively. Serum creatinine level and kidney function did not show any significant association with these polymorphisms. Conclusion: In the present study, only 10% of participants experienced episodes of severe kidney dysfunction and we did not find any significant association between kidney function and the subjects’ genotypes. Further epidemiologic studies with greater sample sizes may be needed to clarify this association.
High risk individuals in COVID-19 pandemic; an updated review
Authors: Chegini Rojin , Bolurian Alireza , Mojtahedi Zahra , Hafizi Masoud
Published: September 2021

In December 2019, cases of pneumonia with an unknown pathogen were reporting in Wuhan city, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) recognized it as a pandemic, on March 11, 2020. The most frequent site of involvement is the respiratory system. The most common symptoms include cough, fatigue and fever. In some cases, neurological, respiratory and gastrointestinal complications can lead to death. Inflammatory cytokines can play a major role in pathogen damage. Due to the pandemic of COVID-19 and its severe complications, it is critical to identify the high-risk groups. Since this disease has a rapid transmission, following the instructions announced by the WHO, prevention is vital, especially in people with risk factors for disease complications and mortality. According to the latest reports by CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention), older age and having some medical conditions such as smoking, obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2 ), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart disease, cancer, solid organ transplant, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, and sickle cell anemia in younger adults are known disease severity risk factor.
Depression and anxiety and their related factors in non-cystic fibrosis stable bronchiectasis
Authors: Sami Ramin , Zohal Mohammadali , Hajseyedjavadi Alireza , Esmaeilian Azadeh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Bronchiectasis, as a chronic lung disease, may be associated with depression and anxiety disorders and thus decreased quality of life. Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship of depression and anxiety with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Patients and Methods: A total of 62 patients with non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis referred to Referral University hospitals in Qazvin, Iran, were enrolled in this case-control study. The participants’ depression and anxiety levels were measured using Beck Depression Inventory and Kettle’s anxiety questionnaire, respectively. The control group was selected from healthy individuals with similar demographic characteristics to the patients. Results: Depression and anxiety were observed in 40.4% and 43.6% of patients respectively. The corresponding values were 32.8% and 32.2% in the control group. Mild anxiety had a significant relationship with bronchiectasis, since bronchiectasis increased the risk of mild anxiety by almost three times. This relationship remained significant after adjustments for gender and age (P=0.013). No significant relationships were found between bronchiectasis and the prevalence of depression. Cough severity and sputum volume had a significant correlation with anxiety in patients with bronchiectasis (R=0.374, P=0.007 and R=0.325, P=0.022 respectively). Additionally, cough severity had a significant correlation with depression (R=0.298, P=0.037). Depression and anxiety were not associated with demographic characteristics, pulmonary function test, 6-minute walk test, colonization of airways with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and CT scan findings. Conclusion: Prevalence of anxiety and depression is high in stable non‐cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. The severity of cough and daily sputum volume are most related factors; therefore treatment of these symptoms is very important for management of psychological aspect of the disease.
The severity of symptoms and outcomes of patients admitted with rheumatic diseases and COVID-19; a prospective cohort study in Iran
Authors: Salesi Mansour , Sami Ramin , Haji Ahmadi Somayeh , Khademi Nilufar , Dehghan Mehrnegar , Jalali Soheila , Mansourian Marjan , Hashemi Huriyeh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: In severe COVID-19 patients, a pre-inflamatory condition leads to a cytokine storm syndrome. This may signify the need for using immunomodulatory drugs. Patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs) are prone to severe infectious diseases. Objectives: Whether the presence of the RD itself or the use of its drugs in patients with COVID-19 increases the severity of symptoms and outcomes remains largely unknown. Patients and Methods: In a prospective cohort study conducted in Khorshid hospital of Isfahan, Iran, 219 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled and divided into two groups of patients with a positive history for RD (n=19) and those without this history (NRD, n=200). The severity of symptoms and outcomes was compared between the groups. Results: Shortness of breath (P=0.001), cough (P=0.019), and weakness (P=0.001) were significantly higher in the RD than the NRD group after, but not before, recovery. All the patients in the RD group had comorbid diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease), the number of which was significantly higher than that of the NRD group (P<0.001). The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to predict 10-year survival in patients with multiple comorbidities. It was significantly lower in the RD group as opposed to the NRD group (P<0.001). Logistic regression also showed a non-significantly higher chance of the composite outcome (ICU admission, death status, and intubation status) in the RD group as opposed to the NRD group, both before and after adjustment for confounding factors. However, no difference was found between the RD patient who received corticosteroid as a treatment (RD-CS) and those who did not (RD-NCS). Conclusion: The results showed an increased risk for severe forms of COVID-19 in RD patients. This risk is possibly attributable to a high prevalence of comorbidities in these patients.
Clinical competencies of emergency medical services paramedics in responding to emergency conditions using Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Guilan
Authors: Amirrafiei Arash , Zia Ziabari Seyyed Mahdi , Haghshenas-Bakerdar Fatemeh , Kazemnejad-Leili Ehsan , Asadi Payman
Published: September 2021

Objective: Evaluating the abilities of emergency medical services (EMS) staff who are in the frontline of the diseases could be an excellent reflection of the accuracy of curriculum both before and after graduation. This study was done to determine the clinical competencies of Guilan EMS staff in responding to emergency conditions using Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: In this descriptive study, 70 EMS staff from selected Emergency Centres in Guilan were recruited. Data were collected using a questionnaire and a checklist which included 9 different skills. Validity of the checklist was assessed by obtaining the opinions of 10 experts. The content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) of the checklist were 0.7 and 0.8, respectively. The reliability of the checklist was obtained using the test-retest method (r=0.89). In order to collect data, observations were done using the designated checklist. Data were analysed using SPSS software version 22 and descriptive statistical tests. Results: Findings showed that 56.3% of the paramedics got good scores for trauma competency but the mean scores for two competencies of spinal cord immobilization and vehicle extrication were low, indicating major skills problem. There was a statistically significant relationship between education (P=0.02) and work experience (P=0.03) as well as clinical skills in confronting trauma. Conclusion: Although the EMS staff had an acceptable range of performance in most of the skills, it seems that there is a need for training of performance-based competencies in which paramedics had a poor performance.
Penetrating trans-abdominal bamboo stick injury: An unusual case report
Authors: Bansal Lalit Kumar , Bhanukiran Raja , Chaudhary Poras , Gupta Arun Kumar
Published: September 2021

Objective: Penetrating abdominal trauma secondary to bamboo stick injury is a rare entity in the developed world. Most of such kind of trans abdominal penetrating bamboo stick injury is associated with multiple solid and hollow viscus injuries. In developing countries like India, where nearly 70% of the population reside in rural areas, it is not that uncommon. Aim of this report is to recognition of risk factors and explain optimum surgical management in trans-abdominal bamboo stick injury. Case Presentation: Here we describe a case of penetrating trans abdominal bamboo stick injury resulting due to fall over a branch of bamboo stick with multiorgan damage, which was successfully managed by early surgical exploration in our institute. Conclusion: There are many factors which can prognosticate the penetrating trauma cases. The most important factors include a long interval between injury and surgical exploration, presence or absence of shock, and other associated organ injuries at the time of admission. Early recognition of the severity of injury with surgical management is utmost necessary. These patients have high morbidity and mortality rates due to multiorgan damage and post-operative infection.
Emergency laparotomy at district hospitals in a developing nation: a review of indications and outcomes of treatment
Authors: Ogbuanya Aloysius Ugwu-Olisa , Ugwu Nonyelum Benedett
Published: September 2021

Objective: Recently, emergency and essential surgical and anesthesia care at district hospitals is increasingly gaining recognition as a critical, though neglected element of health care system in Africa and other developing nations. Emergency laparotomy is a versatile procedure that can cure a great deal of acute abdominal conditions. The aim of this study was to document the indications and outcomes of laparotomy for emergency abdominal surgical conditions in our district hospitals. Methods: This retrospective study was undertaken in district hospitals from January 2009 to December 2018. Associations between different variables were measured and compared using statistical tests of significance. Results: Of the 879 patients evaluated, appendicitis (n=361, 41.1%) was the most frequent indication for emergency laparotomy followed by complicated external hernias (n=120, 13.7%). Other indications were adhesive intestinal obstruction (n=111, 12.6%), typhoid perforation (n=98, 11.1%), perforated peptic ulcer (n=89, 10.1%), trauma (n=58, 6.6%), colorectal cancer (CRC) (n=18, 2.0%) and others (n=24, 2.8%). The vast majority of patients (n=726, 82.6%) were presented after 24 hours of the onset of disease. Approximately, one-third of patients (n=278, 31.6%) had comorbidities, 867 (98.6%) had high ASA scores (III and IV) and 105 (11.9%) received intestinal resection with or without stoma. The main independent predictors of mortality were late presentation (P=0.003), generalized peritonitis (P=0.001), bowel resection (P=0.000) and high ASA (III and IV) scores (P=.000). Overall, the mortality rate was 10.6%. The commonest complication was wound infection (39.7%), followed by intra-abdominal collection (10.0%). Conclusion: The most common indication for emergency laparotomy was appendicitis followed by complicated hernias. The major independent predictors of mortality included bowel resection, high ASA score, late presentation and generalized peritonitis.
The effect of a short ultrasound training course on the performance of emergency medical technicians in terms of using extended-focused assessment with sonography in trauma (E-FAST) in the pre-hospital setting
Authors: Sabzghabaei Anita , Farahi Fariba , Ghanbari Boroujeni Masoud , Hatamabadi Hamidreza
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an ultrasound training course on the performance of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in terms of using extended-focused assessment with sonography in trauma (E-FAST) in the pre-hospital setting. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 107 EMTs affiliated to Shahid Beheshti and Kashan Universities of Medical Sciences, were randomly selected. At first, the EMTs were given a pre-test of five images concerning normal and abnormal ultrasound views of thoracic and abdominal cavities. Then, 6 hours of theoretical and practical sessions were done by emergency medicine specialists to teach the EMTs to use ultrasound for the detection of pneumothorax and free fluid. The EMTs were tested again in the form of 18 images post-test as well as a 13-item survey to evaluate their skills in taking correct 10 E-FAST. Results: A total of 107 EMTs with the mean age of 27±15.21 and average of 3.5 years work experience participated in this study. The mean of test score increased from 0.57± 0.19 to 0.81±0.08 (with P < 0.001) out of the total score of 100. In the 4-graded survey, 98% of EMTs obtained good to excellent grades in working with ultrasound machine. Also, 50.5% of EMTs were good in taking Morison’s view and 46.6% and 45.6% had medium grades in pericardial and splenorenal views, respectively. In addition, 22.3% had weak grades in taking pericardial views. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the implementation of the training course significantly improved the accuracy of free fluid detection in thoracic and abdominal cavities by EMTs.
The relationship between maternal vitamin D level with infants’ birth-weight, height and head circumference at birth
Authors: Moradi Arezoo , Sharif Zadeh Fatemeh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency has been reported from all over the world since lower levels of vitamin D has been one of word’s problem in the 21st century; especially pregnant women are the most prominent one. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the relationship between mothers’ vitamin D level with infants’ birth-weight and head circumference. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Akbarabadi hospital during 2017-2018. Regarding two groups, infants’ three main characteristics including their weight, head circumference and height were studied. Results: The mean blood levels of vitamin D in mothers with normal-born neonates were 15.23 ± 7.14 (ng/ mL) and in the mothers who gave birth to low-birth weight were 10.02 ± 8.06 (ng/mL), which was significantly lower than the mothers of normal-weight infants (P=0.018). The mean blood levels of vitamin D in mothers who gave birth to a normal head circumference neonate were 16.07 ± 8.1 (ng/mL) and in mothers with infants’ head circumference of less than 33 cm, was 9.87 ± 7.57 (ng/mL), which was significantly lower from mothers of normal-head circumference infants (P=0.007). The serum levels of vitamin D in mothers with normal-height infants were 14.74 ± 7.52 (ng/mL) and in the mothers with a height of less than 47 cm were 15.17 ± 7.91 (ng/mL), that does not suggest any significant difference (P=0.341). The mean serum vitamin D level in mothers who had normal vaginal delivery was lower than those with cesarean delivery, however there was no significant difference (P=0.174). Conclusion: Nutrition improvement and prescribing vitamin D supplements can positively be effective in the way of curbing low-birth weight infants. Moreover, Exposure to sunlight and letting rays strike skin is essential for maintaining a healthy vitamin D status for girls and women.
Histological types of polyps in large intestine biopsies; a single center experience
Authors: Masoum Zadeh Parisa , Ghorbani Sara , Derakhshan Maryam
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Large intestine cancer is considered as one of the prevalent cancers among societies. Histological studies have shown that cancers in large intestine often originate from polyps from internal layer of the intestinal epithelial tissue. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the types of polyps in large intestine biopsies in patients referring to Al-Zahra hospital in Iran. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on patients undergoing colonoscopy in 2014-2019. Characteristics of polyps were noted based on reports of colonoscopy and pathology. Results: In this study, 372 biopsies from patients aged between 10-96 years were analyzed. No significant difference was observed between two genders regarding location, size, histology, and morphology of polyps (P > 0.05). Adenomatous epithelial polyps are the most common types in all ages). Further analysis showed that most of the discovered polyps (23.3%) were in transverse colon. Conclusion: Adenomatous epithelial polyps are more frequent in patients because most of the discovered polyps were in transverse colon and most of them were adenomatous epithelial. These data were in line with the most of previous studies; however some paradoxical results were reported. More studies on larger populations should be performed.
Evaluation of healthy lifestyle behaviors and affecting factors of hemodialysis patients
Authors: Sarıaslan Ayşenur , Kavurmacı Mehtap
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Nurses should carry out the necessary research, training and counseling services to guide hemodialysis (HD) patients in acquiring healthy lifestyle behaviors. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the healthy lifestyle behaviors in HD patients and affecting factors. Patients and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at a university hospital in Eastern Turkey between November 13, 2017 and November 16, 2018. The study was carried out with 140 patients who were registered in the HD units of the relevant hospitals and met the sampling criteria. The study data were collected using the patient introduction form and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II). Results: Patients’ mean total score in the HPLP II was found to be 117.80±37.07. When we look at the mean scores of the patients in the sub-scales, it was found that the highest mean score was 22.44±7.01 points in the health responsibility sub-scale and the lowest mean score was 14.38±6.70 points in the physical activity sub-scale. Conclusion: As a result of the study, patients were found to have moderate healthy lifestyle behaviors and very low physical activity scores. Based on these results, it is recommended to organize special exercise programs in order to increase the physical activity levels of HD patients with low levels of activity.
Role of Kaletra (combination of lopinavir and ritonavir) in the treatment of COVID-19 virus infection; an issue related to kidney transplant patients – A review study on current knowledge
Authors: Beladi Mousavi Seyed Seifollah , Hayati Fatemeh , Valavi Ehsan , Rezaee Isa , Shayanpour Shokouh , Sabetnia Leila
Published: September 2021

A number of therapies are prescribed for the treatment of COVID-19, but none of them have proven efficacy. In this review article, we summarized the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, effect and potential toxicity of Kaletra (combination of lopinavir and ritonavir) among kidney transplant (KTP) patients who have COVID-19. We used a variety of sources by searching through PubMed, Scopus, Embase and Current Content to collect current data about our issue. Articles published in the English language, as full-text manuscripts, and or as abstract form were included in the study. Lopinavir and ritonavir are two structurally related novel protease inhibitors which have antiretroviral properties. They have primarily been used as part of combination therapy for the treatment of HIV, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses. However, it seems that use of Kaletra is not associated with clinical improvement, or reduces mortality among patients including KTP recipients who have laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. On the other hand, co-administration of Kaletra with medications that are commonly used among KTP recipients including calcineurin inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors has profound drug-drug interactions. Co-administration of Kaletra with these medications could lead to significant and unexpected increase of blood concentrations of both calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors and therefore frequent monitoring of the immunosuppressive drugs concentrations are necessary to optimize immunosuppressive therapy and prevention of toxicity. It is important to note that frequent monitoring of the immunosuppressive drugs concentration is expensive and also not easily available in many countries including our country. According to the above important points, we recommend that use of Kaletra among KTP patients who have laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 should be avoided especially among patients who are still on calcineurin and mTOR inhibitors.
COVID-19 in diabetic patients; impacts and implications
Authors: Bahmani Mohaddeseh , Chegini Rojin , Nasri Hamid
Published: September 2021

The main aim of this study is to review the general characteristics of this virus and its relationship with diabetes according to studies that have been done about this relevance. We investigated and searched related articles to this topic in EBSCO, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Google Scholar. According to numerous studies, diabetes is currently recognized as a risk factor for further complications of COVID-19.
Study of the kidney function remaining in kidney donors and its related factors in transplant center of Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia
Authors: Kalteh Ehsan Allah , Salari lak Shaker , Taghizadeh Afshari Ali , Khalkhali Hamid Reza , Ghelichi-Ghojogh Mousa
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Concerns about the occurrence of premature kidney failure have been expressed a few years after the kidney donation in the donor due to increase in compensatory blood flow in the remaining kidney nephrons. Objectives: This study aimed to study the kidney function remaining in living kidney donors and its related factors. Patients and Methods: Data were collected from 30 kidney donors in Imam Khomeini hospital in Urmia and evaluated using SPSS-22 software. Results: The mean duration of nephrectomy was 36.36 ± 6.22 years. The mean serum creatinine was significantly increased at the time of examination than before donation, and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased significantly (P<0.001). Male donors (P=0.025) and donors who did not have relative relationship with the recipient (P=0.44) had better kidney function. The renal function at the time of examination was 74.86% amount before donation. The glucose tolerance test (mg/dL 2 hours) of the donors increased significantly at the time of the study compared to the time before donation (P=0.049). Conclusion: The remaining kidney function of the donors has decreased significantly seven years after donation. It seems that kidney donors need more time to excrete excess glucose, so they are far from being over-carbohydrate.
COVID-19 and acute kidney injury presentation; stages and prognosis
Authors: Soheili Amirali , Khani Sina , Montazeri Sadra , Shayegh Arash , Haji Miragha Misaagh , Jameie Melika Sadat , Jalilian Khave Laya , Sanadgol Ghazal , Shirini Dorsa , Ilkhani Saba , Keshmiri Yasaman Sadat , Nematollahi Shahrzad , Karami Maryam , Taziki Elahe
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with acute kidney injury (AKI). Although the rate of AKI among these patients is not high, their outcome could be much worse than the other patients. Serum creatinine rise along with other laboratory findings may help as a clinical predictor of COVID-19 disease prognosis. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the incidence and possible predictors of AKI occurrence and its outcome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Methods: In a retrospective observational study of 946 hospital-admitted patients with confirmed COVID-19 between March 20, 2020 and May 9, 2020, we described AKI incidence and its stages along with their association with demographic data, comorbidities, habitual and past-medical history, and laboratory findings using STATA version 14. Results: The mean age of participants was 55.6 (±18.7) years of which 60.4% were male. The most and least frequent underlying diseases were hypertension and chronic liver disease, 20.1% and 1.5%, respectively. Among patients with AKI, 45.9% had a higher age mean and female sex was more prevalent. In addition, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and chronic renal disease were more common in patients with AKI compared to patients without AKI. Moreover, AKI patients had lower oxygen saturation and mean levels of lymphocytes and higher mean levels of LDH and CKMB in comparison with no AKI group on admission. Overall, 80% of the patients were discharged (i.e. alive), of which 63.7% were non-severe patients and 19.4% of the patients expired during hospitalization. Conclusion: Comorbidities were more prevalent among AKI groups. Female and older patients were more prone to AKI during COVID-19 progression. The level of CK-MB was also higher in AKI group, suggesting probable cardiac injury. Lymphopenia and leukocytosis may be poor-prognostic factors for both AKI and COVID-19.
Study of the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and parathyroid hormone levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis, Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Baradaran Azar , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen , Shirvani Reyhaneh , Hedayati Parin , Hoseini Zahra
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible disorder that now is introduced as one of the most important problems of general health (1). Serum levels of inflammatory mediators such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) elevate in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Systemic inflammation is correlated with cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, parathyroid hormone (PTH) causes releasing of IL-6 from liver and osteoblast. IL-6 increases lifetime and activity of neutrophils. Therefore, PTH may have a direct correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine the performance of NLR in hemodialysis and its possible correlation with PTH. Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study to evaluate the correlation of NLR and serum intact PTH (iPTH), Ca (calcium) and P (phosphorus) and also Ca×P products (mg2 /dL2 ) in a group of stable hemodialysis patients, including male and female gender subgroups, diabetic versus non-diabetic patients, and also patients with or without chronic hypertensive disease. Results: This study consisted of 136 hemodialysis patients. Our study showed no statistically significant correlation between iPTH (intact parathormone) and NLR in hemodialysis patients (P>0.05). In addition, we test their correlation in other subgroups including hypertensive and normotensive, diabetic and non-diabetics, and male versus female patients. We found no significant correlation between iPTH and NLR in the mentioned subgroups, too. Conclusion: Observed correlation between PTH and NLR in hemodialysis patients may be due to our small sample size. Therefore, further studies on this subject are suggested.
Prospective approach to manage COVID-19-related cytokine storm; an updated review on current concepts
Authors: Bahmani Mohaddeseh , Saberian Lillian
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19, caused by the novel human coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first emerged in late 2019, in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Unfortunately, despite many efforts to find cures for SARS-CoV-2 disease, still the management of severe cases remains challenging. In severe forms of COVID-19, proinflammatory cytokines are notably elevated (3) and reminiscent of the secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). According to many studies, immune imbalance and an uncontrolled massive release of inflammatory cytokines have a significant role in COVID-19 severity and ARDS pathophysiology. Accordingly, targeting the over-activated immune system to prevent tissue damage is now one of the most noticed possible strategies to manage severe COVID-19 cases. In the present study, we reviewed studies and clinical trials conducted in this regard.
Analytical review of prescription of prophylactic antibiotic in urologic procedures
Authors: Amjadi-Zeinalhajlou Mohsen , Mostafazadeh Shabnam , Jahantabi Elham , Mohammad-Rahimi Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Prophylactic antibiotics are used before or at the beginning of diagnostic or therapeutic intervention to reduce post-intervention infections. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the administration of prophylactic antibiotics in urological procedures of Imam Reza hospital in Tabriz with the standard protocol. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on common urological cases including 400 patients who undergo open or endoscopic surgery who received antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery to prevent urinary tract infections. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49.59 ± 17.60 years; 51.5% of the patients were female. The most common cystoscopy procedure was performed with a frequency of 27.25% and the most common antibiotic used was cefazolin with a frequency of 34.25%. It was observed that there was a discrepancy between the type of antibiotic in 4.4% and a discrepancy between the dose of antibiotics used and the standard guideline in 5.5%. The mean duration of drug administration in the studied patients was 3.28±1.59 days with a mean of three days. Regarding duration of antibiotic use, in 26% of cases was contrary to the standard guideline. Additionally, in 11.25% of cases, the continuation of prophylactic antibiotics in the studied patients was contrary to the standard guideline. Conclusion: In the present study, the time of administration of prophylactic antibiotics before urological surgeries was the most consistent with the standard guideline. In addition, most cases of discrepancy between dose and type of antibiotic were related to stent replacement and cystoscopy.
Evaluation of the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in hemodialysis patients, Isfahan, Iran
Authors: Baradaran Azar , Hoseini Zahra , Hedayati Parin , Shirvani Reyhaneh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Chronic low-grade inflammation is a comorbid factor in Chronic kidney disease (CKD), and especially in chronic dialysis patients. Recently, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is very available and affordable, has emerged as an inflammatory index in many disorders such as CKD. Several studies also have shown the anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, and scientists believe that we must prevent vitamin D deficiency in CKD patients. Vitamin D supplementation may decrease mortality and morbidity in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Objectives: There are few studies on the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and NLR in ESRD patients. Therefore, we tried to evaluate this correlation, hoping to be a key for more researches. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 140 ESRD hemodialysis patients in a cross-sectional study and evaluated the correlation of NLR with serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and some demographic factors in these patients. Results: Our results showed a statistically significant negative correlation between NLR and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (P=0.010, r= -0.216). However, other variables such as disease duration and age had no correlation with NLR (P=0.649, r= - 0.039 and P=0.781, r= - 0.024, respectively). We also used a linear regression test to check any confounder associated with NLR, and the regression was only significant for serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (P=0.011, B=-0.009). Conclusion: Based on the results, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels can be considered a predictor for NLR in hemodialysis patients.
Study of the quality of life in kidney donors at a transplant center in Urmia, Iran
Authors: Allah Kalteh Ehsan , Salari Lak Shaker , Taghizadeh Afshari Ali , KHalkhali Hamid Reza , Ghelichi-Ghojogh Mousa
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Maintaining and enhancing the quality of life (QOL) of living kidney donors are an essential measure for expressing health outcomes and consequences. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate kidney donors’ QOL at the transplant center of the Imam Khomeini hospital, Urmia, Iran. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted on 30 kidney donors between the years 1997-2014 at the Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia. To this end, a QOL questionnaire was completed and data analysis was performed with SPSS version 22. Results: In this study, 90% (27) of the donors were male. The mean age of the donors at the time of examination and the duration of nephrectomy was 38 ± 9.48 and 7.36 ± 4.62 years, respectively. Fifty percent of the donors had a leave of absence more than 4 weeks after nephrectomy. The mean score of physical function, physical role, emotional role, vitality, mental health, social functioning, bodily pain, and general health was 77.66±25.88, 69.16±35.16, 54.44±45.04, 61.33±17.06, 64.26±19.56, 66.25±22.54, 81.25±18.75, and 61.83±21.83, respectively. However, none of the variables had a significant statistical relationship with QOL (P<0.05). Conclusion: Donors’ QOL is lower in Iran than in other countries. It is suggested to conduct studies with a larger sample size and an appropriate control group.
Study of prevalence of lymphoceles after kidney transplantation
Authors: Zomorodi Afshar , Salmani Milani Farnood , Mohammad Rahimi Mohsen
Published: September 2021

Introduction: One of the complications of renal transplantation after surgery, which is frequently observed, is the symptomatic accumulation of fluid around the kidney, such as hematoma, lymphocele or lymphuria. Objectives: The incidence of lymphocele after kidney transplantation is widely different, therefore we decided to conduct a study to investigate the prevalence of lymphocytes in transplant recipients. Patients and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. The target population in this study was adult and middle-aged men and women with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who have undergone kidney transplant surgery at the kidney center of Imam Reza hospital in the last 5 years. Results: In all transplant recipients, symptomatic lymphoceles were observed in only 5 patients (3 female and 2 male patients with the mean age of 40.2±17.2 years) who occurred on average 48.4 ± 21.12 days after surgery between 24 days and 78 days. The results showed that 62% (156 cases) of patients were men and 211 patients (84.4%) were male transplant recipients. Also, 198 (79.2%) transplant donors were living donor and 52 (20.8%) were deceased donor/brain death. Conclusion: In the present study, we found the prevalence of lymphocele in transplant recipients in the kidney transplant center of Imam Reza in five years is 5 patients (2%) out of 250 patients with an average annual incidence of 1-2%.
Evaluation of oxidative stress factors and lipid profile in patients suffered from stroke heart disease with coronary artery obstruction
Authors: Nematpour Beyraq Karim , Djalali Mahmoud , Mahmoudi Mohammad Jafar
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease accounts for the highest number of deaths in most industrialized countries and it is increasing in developing countries. Among cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease (CHD) is the deadliest cardiovascular disease. High concentrations of reactive oxygen species can cause membrane lipid peroxidation, and impaired regulation of vascular and cardiac cells. Objectives: The present study is an analytical case-control study that tried to estimate the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), triglyceride (TG), LDL-c, in CHD patients. Patients and Methods: Seventy-four subjects (male) older than 30 years old who referred to the hospital for angiography after coronary angiography were divided into case and control groups. Subsequently, 10 cc of blood was taken from the subjects. Catalase and SOD activities in erythrocytes were measured by calorimetry and enzymatic inhibition, respectively. Total HDL-c, LDL-c, TG and total cholesterol levels were measured by Pars Azmoon kit. Results: Regarding the P values, the variables of TG, HDL cholesterol, SOD, MDA, TG/HDL-c and TC/HDL-c are effective. Comparison the mean of MDA in two groups of treatment and control showed a significant difference between mean of MDA between two groups. Significant differences were also observed for TG values for the two groups of control (94.03 ± 31.06 mg/dL) and treatment (80.78±160.01 mg/dL). Conclusion: Antioxidant status of patients with CAD was lower than normal subjects. In addition, disturbance in lipid profile parameters confirmed in CAD patients; while TG increased in those patients.
A study of the relationship between tuberculosis disease and the severity of COVID-19; a systematic review study
Authors: Shirazi Abuzar , Moradi Nasrin , Behzadi Bahareh , Mousavi Masoumeh Sadat , Hosseinpour Sadeq , Moayedi Ebrahim
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Studies on COVID-19 disease in patients with tuberculosis (TB) have not yet been widely performed and clear results have not been presented. It was found that; COVID-19 infection in TB patients quickly leads to disease and causes death in a small number of them. However, the prognosis of co-infection has not been evaluated in long run, since the association between TB and covid-19 cannot be ruled out, and therefore appropriate precautions and health system preparation are needed to deal with the impending burden of co-infection. The aim of this study was to provide a clear picture of the effects of these two diseases with each other. Methods: This study is considered as a systematic review of secondary studies. The statistical population is the studies that have been conducted in relation to the above topic and in the world. These articles were extracted from the databases of PubMed, Magiran, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Out of 180 articles, 52 articles were related to our subject were selected, while 30 duplicates were removed from this number, hence 30 articles were selected. Finally, after a qualitative review, 12 articles were included in the study and the results of five articles were analyzed. Results: Studies have shown that co-infection with COVID-19 and tuberculosis can increase mortality; TB is also likely to exacerbate the course of COVID-19 for the infected population and may increase the TB epidemic in the short term after the end of the COVID-19 epidemic is effective, so appropriate precautions and preparation of the health system are needed to deal with the impending burden of co-infection. Conclusion: COVID-19 disease and its limitations may have a significant impact on the presentation and monitoring of TB control strategies nationally and globally. Concerns about delays in treating TB patients make their disease worse, and therefore broader management should be conducted.