bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE FEATURES OF BIODESTRUCTION PROCESSES OF THE SURFACES OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Vasilenko Marina , Vasilenko Marina , Goncharova Elena , Goncharova Elena , Rubanov Yury , Rubanov Yury , Tokach Yulia , Tokach Yulia
Published: June 2018

The surfaces of building materials of hydrotechnical constructions undergo the process of algae biofouling. The degree of damage depends on the environmental factors that are affect-ed by the level of anthropogenic load areas. Modeling the biofouling process of concrete with algae under laboratory conditions has allowed determining their impact on the building ma-terial, accompanied by changes in chemical and mineralogical composition of the surface of products. The microscopic examination of sample’s surfaces and evaluation of the effective-ness of various ions leaching from building materials shows the results of "algal attack" relat-ed to the acceleration of biodegradation of materials under the influence of aggressive meta-bolic products, mechanical action neoplasms, creating optimal conditions for the development of subsequent aerobic microbial decomposers. To clarify the nature of chemical processes in the system “algocenosis – concrete” the changes of chemical and phase (mineralogical) com-position of the surface layer of concrete sample were studied. The effect that algae produce on hydraulic engineering constructions is due to the fact that these organisms, belonging to phototrophs and standing at the beginning of the food chain, initiate new microbial growth.
RUNOFF CALCULATIONS FOR UNGAUGED RIVER BASINS OF THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC REGION
Authors: Ayzel Georgy , Ayzel Georgy
Published: June 2018

Arctic coastal systems are very sensitive to the freshwater budget mainly formed by river runoff. Great biases in estimation of total river runoff load to the Arctic Ocean proposed by the number of various scientific groups and insufficiency of physically-based, short-term, spatially diverse runoff predictions lead to strong necessity of state-of-art hydrological techniques implementation. At the moment the most powerful tools for the land hydrological cycle modeling are physically-based, conceptual or data-driven models. Better model – wider sources of hydrometeorological and landscape-related information we need to use to perform robust calculations. Severe climatic conditions of Arctic coastal region have led to weak river runoff monitoring net and a high level of uncertainties related to difficulties of direct measurements. There is the reason we need to develop modern techniques that allow providing effective runoff predictions by state-of-art models in the case of strong research data scarcity (for ungauged basins). Early stage of research aimed to coupling of conceptual hydrological model, cutting edge machine learning techniques and various sources of geographical data will be proposed with the call for intensification of cross-disciplinary research activities for the Arctic region sustainable development and safety.
SEDIMENT BALANCE OF THE VISTULA LAGOON
Authors: Chechko Vladimir , Chechko Vladimir , Chubarenko Boris , Chubarenko Boris
Published: June 2018

Vistula Lagoon is the second largest lagoon in the Baltic Sea with maximum depth 5.2 m and average depth 2.7 m. Water volume and area are 2.3 km3 and 838 km2. Lagoon is connected with the Baltic Sea by single inlet 400 m wide and 10-12 m deep. Sediment budget estimation were made using literature sources, results of field measurements (hydrology, suspended sediment content, upper layer sediment structure, direct measurements of sedimentation in summer and winter conditions). The budget for terrigene and biogenic components of sediments were made, considering their contributions from the rivers, inflow from the Baltic Sea, coastal erosion and aerial flux, biological production within the lagoon, totally - ca. 730 thousands ton per year. Nearly half of total gain is washed out (105 and 244 thousands ton per year of terrigene and biogenic components), another half is dissolved and mineralized (biogenic component), and only 10% is deposited on the bottom, resulting in rather low sedimentation rate - 0.4 mm/year during last 100 years. Paper explain the reason of difference with estimation made in (Chubarenko&Chubarenko, 2002) and concludes that the clarification of estimates of the amounts of sediments transported from the lagoon to the Baltic Sea is a critical element for understanding the evolution of the Vistula Lagoon as a sedimentation system.
COMPLEX MONITORING OF GEOCRYOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND GROUND TEMPERATURE REGIME OF THE ARCTIC COASTAL ZONE IN THE AREAS OF INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Kokin Osip , Kokin Osip , Ogorodov Stanislav , Ogorodov Stanislav , Belova Nataliya , Belova Nataliya , Kuznetsov Dmitry , Kuznetsov Dmitry , Shabanova Natalia , Shabanova Natalia
Published: June 2018

The research of geocryological structure of the coasts is important in the planning and construction of infrastructure in permafrost zone. Long-term monitoring of temperature regime of the Arctic coastal zone soils needs to predict the steady state of the object during its operation and prevent possible negative consequences resulting from interruption of the steady state. It is especially important in conditions of today's climate change, as well as the possibility of warming effect of engineering facilities (for example pipelines). The results of a study of the coastal seasonally frozen cap, formed in the contact zone of freezing fast ice to the bottom are presented by the examples of the Mys Kamenniy settlement at the Gulf of Ob coast (Kara Sea) and Varandey settlement at the Pechora Sea areas. The technology of the monitoring station establishment for the geocryological statement and temperature regime of the Arctic coastal zone observations is proposed based on the conducted field works experience.
MAPPING OF VARIATIONS IN THE ANAPA BAY BAR LANDSCAPE-MORPHOLOGIC STRUCTURE WITH HIGH-RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGES
Authors: Kravtsova Valentina , Kravtsova Valentina , Chalova Ekaterina , Chalova Ekaterina , Krylenko Vayacheslav , Krylenko Vayacheslav , Tutubalina Olga , Tutubalina Olga , Falaleeva Arina , Falaleeva Arina
Published: June 2018

The Anapa bay bar is at present one of only a few sand beaches in the Black Sea coastal zone of Russia. The bay bar includes three main belts – beach, dune belt and hillocky sands. A strong anthropogenic impact is observed: the landscape-morphological structure of the dune belt is disturbed, so monitoring of the bay bar is essential . For this purpose we had compiled a series of maps of landscape-morphological structure for the Blagoveschensk and Vityazevo-Anapa parts of the bay bar using high-resolution images from WorldView-2 satellite. Interpretation of stereo-pairs of multitemporal images was carried out at the scale of 1:2000, while a series of maps was compiled at the scale of 1:5000. Twelve sites with different landscape-morphologic structure are covered by these maps and characterized. The structure depends on geomorphologic neighborhood (adjacency to the cliff or to the lagoon) and aspect to wind direction, but mainly on the degree of anthropogenic influence. So the dune belt has been formed at the beach in some areas, but in other areas the dune belt is located behind the beach, or sometimes has disappeared. The compiled maps clearly reflect these variations and show their mainly anthropogenic origin. These maps will help to investigate adaptive solutions for Anapa bay bar conservation and protection.
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF DISCHARGED COLD WATER JET IN COASTAL AREA
Authors: Niida Yasuo , Niida Yasuo , Nakashiki Norikazu , Nakashiki Norikazu , Sakai Shin’ichi , Sakai Shin’ichi , Tsubono Takaki , Tsubono Takaki
Published: June 2018

In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model for cold water jets in the coastal region is developed for the calculation of not only the initial mixing but also horizontal dispersion above the seabed. The computed velocities and temperatures were compared with the measurements obtained in the scaled hydraulic experiment. The good agreement with measurements confirms the model provides appropriate results for cold water dispersion. Our numerical results indicate that coastal topography is the most important factor in determining areas influenced by discharged cold water.
APPLICATION OF ONSHORE LASER SCANNING DATA FOR MATHEMATIC MODELING OF COASTAL PROFILE CHANGES
Authors: Sergeev Alexander , Sergeev Alexander , Рябчук Дарья , Ryabchuk Daria , Zhamoida Vladimir , Zhamoida Vladimir , Leont’ev Igor , Leont’ev Igor
Published: June 2018

The easternmost part of the Gulf of Finland is characterized by intense coastal processes where erosion dominates. Onshore laser scanning of a beach surface of three coastal zone segments of the Kurortny District, St. Petersburg was carried out during the process of realisation of the CliPLivE project and coastal monitoring investigated by VSEGEI and “Mineral” company. One of the goals of the CliPLivE project was a prediction of coastal evolution by 2100 year based on retrospective analysis of the last century remote sensing data. The average annual range of coastal transformation was used for the mathematic modelling of beach profile changes. The model takes into account changes of sea level and possible increase of storm events occurrence. The onshore laser scanning was carried out each summer since 2012. After series of storms in 2015 the repeated scanning was carried out in December. It gave an opportunity to calculate volume and area of redeposited sand during the last storm that shows that a part or almost all sand material from eroded foredune was deposited in a middle part of the beach. This material forms an onshore sand bar in front of a new formed erosion escarpment. The comparison of the beach relief elevation models of 2012 and 2015 shows that another part of sand (up to 30-40% of volume of all mobilized beach sand) was washed out from the beach to offshore. The data of onshore laser scanning confirmed that the mathematical model of prediction coastal changes works.
GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF ROUNDED FIELDS ON MIIRAKU PENINSULA, FUKUE ISLAND, GOTO ISLANDS
Authors: Inoue Kousuke , Inoue Kousuke , Seino Satoquo , Seino Satoquo , Suzaki Hirokazu , Suzaki Hirokazu
Published: June 2018

This study focuses on rounded fields, or “Maruhata” in Japanese, on the Miiraku Peninsula located in northwest Fukue Island, one of the Goto Islands, Nagasaki Prefecture. Maruhata fields are normally used for agriculture, but they may have multiple functions, for example in preventing floods by temporarily holding water during heavy rains. We conducted a field survey at a three-tiered Maruhata field in the Take District in Miiraku in to measure its latitude, longitude, and elevation. The presence of Maruhata fields smooths out the inclined plane and offers a flood prevention function by retaining water within during heavy rains and ameliorate flows by breaking the gradient. In addition, Maruhata fields have a function to prevent mud and soil to flow into the sea and reduce pressure on the fishing ground. We conclude that Maruhata fields have a disaster prevention function owning to their topographic features in addition to their function as agricultural fields.
SEAGRASS RESTORATION: AN UPDATE FROM TRANG PROVINCE, SOUTHWESTERN THAILAND
Authors: Tongnunui Prasert , Tongnunui Prasert , Tarangkoon Woraporn , Tarangkoon Woraporn , Hukiew Parichat , Hukiew Parichat , Kaeoprakan Patcharee , Kaeoprakan Patcharee , Horinouchi Masahiro , Horinouchi Masahiro , Rojchanaprasart Natthita , Rojchanaprasart Natthita , Ponpai Wanwisa , Ponpai Wanwisa
Published: June 2018

Natural disasters may adversely affect coastal resources potentially leading to coastal habitat restorations that incorporate stakeholders and the general public. Appropriate methodologies for habitat restoration are developed to ensure the outcomes of this project. Currently, seagrass bed restoration by means of asexual and sexual propagation techniques have been used worldwide. However, the experience of seagrass (Enhalus acoroides) habitat restoration in Trang Province noted that to accomplish this project’s strategies involved the application of restoration techniques along with public and stakeholder participation. The application of asexual propagation, specifically the collection of single shoots from donor seagrasses and subsequent transplantation, is a convenient tool. However, from this project results, this process still has conceptual problems as from the large numbers of single shoots collected from donor seagrasses, the survival rate was relatively low. Furthermore, this process was complicated by conflicting interests between local communities near to the donor site and the project’s organizers. In order to reduce said conflicts, other techniques to balance stakeholder interests were instigated by this project, namely the development of both asexual and sexual propagation techniques. This project initiated a sexual propagation technique by the collection of wild seeds of Enhalus acoroides that were subsequently grown in the laboratory before natural habitat transplantation. This project results showed that seeds can be grown rapidly and can be cultured in large numbers. However, this development technique has a limit on rearing time because seedlings were found to be in decline after the third month of the experiment. These problems were compounded by a limiting factor that pushed the project’s organizers to decide to transplant seagrasses from the laboratory to the wild whether a time was seasonally suitable or unsuitable, the planting activity still done forward. This matter may have enhanced the low survival rate situation after seagrass transplantation to the wild. If there is a need to recover a seagrass bed, the above culture and transplantation methodologies should be used in conjunction with repeated periodic plantings until natural ecological function has been restored. In conclusion, further research should be instigated to improve the cultivation method for producing ready to plant seedlings and to improve methods of project operation.
FIELD SURVEY FOR REFRACTORY ORGANIC MATTER QUANTITY IN THE MARINE SEDIMENT OF ISE BAY AND EVALUATION OF ITS EFFECT ON THE PERSISTENCY OF HYPOXIC WATER GENERATION
Authors: Chiba Satoshi , Chiba Satoshi , Oyagi Maki , Oyagi Maki , Kokubu Hideki , Kokubu Hideki , Tanimura Yoshinori , Tanimura Yoshinori , Amano Haruki , Amano Haruki , Niinomi Junji , Niinomi Junji , Takenouchi Kensuke , Takenouchi Kensuke , Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Kobayashi Toshiyuki
Published: June 2018

This study was performed to investigate the effect of the refractory organic matter (ROM) in the marine sediment on the lengthening of the large scale generation of the hypoxic water in Ise Bay. A field survey for collecting core samples of the sediment was conducted in 2015. The analysis with the data of sedimentation rate revealed many important features. A considerable amount of ROM deposited during the period of excess eutrophication in the past was found in the sediment. The total quantity of the degradable ROM (d-ROM) per unit seafloor area was from 71 to 231 mgC/cm2. The mean characteristic time of degradation of d-ROM was about 47 years. A pelagic ecosystem - marine sediment coupled model was employed and the long-term simulation from 1950 was carried out. The simulation results showed the total quantity of d-ROM reaches its maximum at the year around 2000 and there is about a 20 year delay from the peak time of the eutrophication. This feature caused the prolongation of the higher oxygen consumption as well as the higher nutrient release from the sediment in recent years. The increase of the hypoxic water area and the volume in 2010 due to the excess ROM was about 11% and 18%, respectively. These findings show the substantial effect of ROM in the marine sediment on the persistency of water pollution.
SATELLITE DATA FOR INVESTIGATION OF RECENT STATE AND PROCESSES IN THE SIVASH BAY
Authors: Shchurova Ekaterina , Shchurova Ekaterina , Stanichnaya Rimma , Stanichnaya Rimma , Stanichny Sergey , Stanichny Sergey
Published: June 2018

Sivash bay is the shallow-water lagoon of the Azov Sea. Restricted water exchange and high evaporation form Sivash as the basin with very high salinity. This factor leads to different from the Azov Sea thermal and ice regimes of Sivash. Maine aim of the study presented to investigate recent state and changes of the characteristics and processes in the basin using satellite data. Landsat scanners TM, ETM+, OLI, TIRS together with MODIS and AVHRR were used. Additionally NOMADS NOAA and MERRA meteorological data were analyzed. The next topics are discussed in the work: 1. Changes of the sea surface temperature, ice regime and relation with salinity. 2. Coastal line transformation – long term and seasonal, wind impact. 3. Manifestation of the Azov waters intrusions through the Arabat spit, preferable wind conditions.
THE CURRENT STATE OF THE BLACK SEA COASTAL GEOSYSTEMS IN THE NORTH-EASTERN SECTOR
Authors: Godin Eugeny , Godin Eugeny , Goryachkin Yury , Goryachkin Yury , Dolotov Vyacheslav , Dolotov Vyacheslav , Dotsenko Sergey , Dotsenko Sergey , Ingerov Andrey , Ingerov Andrey , Khaliulin Alexey , Khaliulin Alexey , Konovalov Sergey , Konovalov Sergey , Kosyan Alisa , Kosyan Alisa , Косян Рубен , Kosyan Ruben , Krylenko Marina , Krylenko Marina , Sovga Elena , Sovga Elena
Published: June 2018

This work is a multi-disciplinary research aimed to develop common approaches to estimating the current state and forecasting evolution of coastal geosystems. From 2010 to now, the state of coastal zone geosystems of the Crimean and Caucasian Russian coast has been studied. The research tasks are solved using up-to-date IT based integrated analysis of historical and new observational data.
SPECIALIZED OCEANOGRAPHIC DATABASE FOR INFORMATION SUPPORT OF THE BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONE STUDY
Authors: Khaliulin Alexey , Khaliulin Alexey , Ingerov Andrey , Ingerov Andrey , Zhuk Elena , Zhuk Elena , Godin Eugeny , Godin Eugeny , Isaeva Elena , Isaeva Elena , Podymov Igor , Podymov Igor
Published: June 2018

The information resources of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS” (FSBSI MHI) oceanographic data bank (MHI BOD), which contains about 115,000 oceanographic and more than 27,000 hydrochemical stations accomplished in the Black Sea coastal zone, as well as experience accumulated while providing information support of the coastal zone research, main directions of activities, and short-term plans are considered.
ASSESSMENT OF STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LONG-TERM RIVER RUNOFF IN THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC IN CHANGING CLIMATE
Authors: Kovalenko Victor , Kovalenko Victor , Gaidukova Ekaterina , Gaidukova Ekaterina , Khaustov Vitalii , Khaustov Vitalii , Shevnina Elena , Shevnina Elena
Published: June 2018

The problems related to impact of the expected climate change and hydrological response assessment for the coastal zones of the Russian Arctic are discussed. The study presents the approach, which allows to perform climate-based forecasting of multi-year river runoff in form of probability density function (pdf) using theoretical distributions from K. Pearson's family. The advantage and limitation of the hydrological model allowing to predict the statistical characteristics of multi-year runoff, without producing projected time hydrological time series are discussed. The regional scale assessment of the multi-year the statistical characteristics of the spring flood peak runoff is evaluated using the climate projections from CMIP5 dataset as suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The alarm regions, where the socio-economical infrastructure and coastal systems have to be adapted to the expected climate are distinguished.
LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES
Authors: Mashukova Olga , Mashukova Olga , Tokarev Yuriy , Tokarev Yuriy , Kopytina Nadejda , Kopytina Nadejda
Published: June 2018

We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.
IMPACT ASSESSMENT ON STORM SURGE RISKS TO CONTAINERS CONSIDERING GLOBAL WARMING
Authors: Hisamatsu Rikito , Hisamatsu Rikito , Horie Kei , Horie Kei
Published: June 2018

Container yards tend to be located along waterfronts that are exposed to high risk of storm surges. However, risk assessment tools such as vulnerability functions and risk maps for containers have not been sufficiently developed. In addition, damage due to storm surges is expected to increase owing to global warming. This paper aims to assess storm surge impact due to global warming for containers located at three major bays in Japan. First, we developed vulnerability functions for containers against storm surges using an engineering approach. Second, we simulated storm surges at three major bays using the SuWAT model and taking global warming into account. Finally, we developed storm surge risk maps for containers based on current and future situations using the vulnerability function and simulated inundation depth. As a result, we revealed the impact of global warming on storm surge risks for containers quantitatively.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATE OF ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS OF PITSUNDSKAYA PINE IN THE SEASIDE AREA OF GELENDZHIK
Authors: Derevenets Elizaveta , Derevenets Elizaveta
Published: June 2018

Gelendzhik is the resort town, there aren't a lot of industrial enterprises here. The main pollutant is transport. The work purpose is the assessment of a condition of the artificial landings of a pine located along the Federal highway "Don" and landings, which is nearly the sea coast. Researches were conducted to a standard technique of the General vital state (A. S. Bogolyubov). The assessment of a condition of pines was carried out during 6 years: from 2010 to 2015. For carrying out research we used 6 experimental grounds on the Markotkhsky spine and 2 control grounds within the town. We investigated 24 trees on each platform, middle age of the trees were 30 - 40 years. Results. 1. The condition of trees in the pine forests located in immediate proximity with the Federal highway "Don" (No. 1, 2, 3) is unsatisfactory. As even weak influences of the majority of atmospheric gaseous pollutants (sulphurous gas, nitrogen oxides, etc.) give effect of a necrosis and hloroz of pine needles, the condition of pines is connected with technogenic pollution. So near the Federal highway "Don" the air environment is strongly polluted by exhaust gases. Information of 2012 confirm that negative influence of the route on Markotkh's vegetation decreases at reduction of load of the route. 2. On the sites located above on a slope (No. 4,5,6) thanks to remoteness and the wind mode intensity of influence of pollutants is lower and a condition of pines the quite satisfactory. 3. Trees on the sites located near the sea (No. 7,8) are in a good shape. Small deterioration of a state is noted in very droughty years. Conclusion. Results of six years' research show that the condition of the plantings which are in close proximity with the road worsens. It is explained by increase in intensity of the movement on the road, especially during a resort season. Gelendzhik is the city with a good ecological shape, but the damage to environment is already caused. If not to take measures, we can lose a unique part of the nature in the future, recreate it will be impossible. Measures of reduction of negative impact of exhaust gases were offered. Results of researches are transferred to ecological department of the City administration of Gelendzhik.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLIFF PLANT COMMUNITIES OF THE TUAPKHAT MASSIF
Authors: Krylenko Sergey , Krylenko Sergey
Published: June 2018

Preservation of biological diversity is necessary for sustainable development and rational use of coastal resources. In this paper structure of the cliff plant communities of the massif Tuapkhat (the Black Sea coast, Russia) are characterized. Flora of this coastal zone combines features of Mediterranean and middle European Russia types. Herbaceous and shrub life-forms and xeromorphous and petrophilous plant associations dominate at the studied area. The main factor determining the species composition of the examined communities is substrate character.
SIMULATION OF NEARSHORE WAVES AND CURRENTS ALONG SALALAH COAST (OMAN) DURING THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ARB01
Authors: AbdAlla AbdAlla M. , AbdAlla AbdAlla M. , Iraqi Abkar A. , Iraqi Abkar A. , Farag Magdy M. , Farag Magdy M.
Published: June 2018

Sea level and wave data at Salalah coast (Oman) were used to simulate nearshore waves and current during the tropical cyclone ARB01 (9 May2002). STWAVE model (Steady State Spectral Wave) was applied for nearshore wave simulation, while M2D model ((Two-Dimensional Depth Averaged circulation model) was used to simulate nearshore current. The results of simulations (taking into account the mutual effects of both current and waves) showed that: The significant wave heights generally decrease from about 6m at the domain boundary to about 1 m close to the coast. The wave heights during the ebb period were higher than that during the flood period by about 1.5m. Along Salalah coast, higher waves were found along the eastern side of the domain. This is because the shielding effect of breakwater, which protect the western part of the coast from high waves. Relatively Strong current with values up to 1.5 ms-1 were found in the nearshore region during both ebb and flood periods. The M2D model results also showed cyclonic circulations during these periods which help in the renewal of harbor waters. Generally, the model results showed good agreements with observations in the investigated area.
LONG-TERM DYNAMICS IN LOCATIONS OF COASTLINE OF THE VISTULA SPIT BY RESULTS OF THE SATELLITES IMAGES ANALYSIS
Authors: Chubarenko Boris , Chubarenko Boris , Karmanov Konstantin , Karmanov Konstantin
Published: June 2018

Images of satellites OrbView-3 for 2004 and 2005 years (spatial resolution 1 m/pixel) and Pleiades for 2014 year (spatial resolution 0.5 m/pixel) for the Vistula Lagoon (the Baltic Sea) were used. In contrast to shoreline location often used as an indicator of a shore retreat the paper recommends to use the changes in location of dune edge as an indicator of shore dynamics. Nine well identified mark points were selected for the northern Russian part of the Vistula Spit as control ones. The average difference in locations of these points obtained by geodetic survey and satellite images was 0.4 m. The lines of the foredune edge for 25 km northern part of the Vistula Spit (from the Polish-Russian border to the Strait of Baltiysk) for 2004-2005 and 2015 were digitized with the step of 10 m and compared. Introducing the level of confidence ± 1.5 m per 10 years, we considered that eroded, stable and accreted parts of the shore have the total length 15.4, 4.9, 5.2 km (60.4%, 19.1%, 20.5%). The average (10 years) erosion rate for the marine shore on the Russian side of the Vistula Spit is 0.6 m/year, and accretion rate is 0.3 m/year. Maximum erosion rate (2.2 m/year) was revealed on the shore segment to south from the Strait of Baltiysk, which is under permanent erosion during last one century and a half after construction of the entrance jetties. The comparison of result of geodetic instrumental monitoring and estimation using satellite images showed that the second method slightly underestimates the shoreline displacement. Also it was shown that instrumental monitoring measurements at the profiles with spatial step of several kilometers are not optimal enough to reveal erosion/accretion processes for the shore of South-Eastern Baltic, which is characterized by alongshore nonmonotonic variations of shoreline dynamics parameters.
ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE ANAPA BAY-BAR WATER EDGE
Authors: Krylenko Marina , Krylenko Marina , Aleynikov Alexandr , Aleynikov Alexandr , Krylenko Viacheslav , Krylenko Viacheslav
Published: June 2018

To determine the long-term dynamics of the Anapa bay-bar we analyzed aerial photographs 1941-1944, satellite images of 1960-80s and from 2003 to the present. In the analysis of the long-term variations in the water edge one has to take into account the configuration of the shoreline at the moment of survey and local short-term dynamics. The average value of the water edge displacement over 47 years was 23 m in the direction to the coast. There are areas of severe erosion on the northern and southern parts. The central part of the bay-bar can be called relatively stable. Regions of comparable erosion and accumulation alternate here. The obtained data clarified and gave a more detailed estimate of the evolution of the coastline dynamics of the Anapa bay-bar.
SHORT-TERM DYNAMICS OF THE ANAPA BAY-BAR SHORELINE
Authors: Krylenko Marina , Krylenko Marina , Aleynikov Alexandr , Aleynikov Alexandr , Krylenko Viacheslav , Krylenko Viacheslav
Published: June 2018

The Anapa bay-bar is located in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. With the goal in mind to determine the short-term dynamics of the Anapa bay-bar we analyzed satellite images from 2003 to the present. Depending on the hydro-lithodynamical situation the shoreline configuration during storm can vary from a rectilinear to sinusoidal forms. There are regions of local erosion or accumulation whose formation is related to the alongshore motion of sediments and dynamics of underwater bars. Comparison of the data on 1965 and 1966 showed that in this period the amplitude of the shoreline position was more than 20 m but average displacement of the shoreline for 13 months was only 0.8 m. This study showed that for the analysis of changes in the shoreline position is necessary to consider the configuration of the coastline at the time of each observation and the local dynamics.
POSSIBILITIES OF IMPLEMENTATION IN THE SPANISH COAST, OF COMMERCIAL AND PRE-COMMERCIAL WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Torres Blanco Pablo , Torres Blanco Pablo , Fernández Carrasco Pedro , Fernández Carrasco Pedro
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an initial analysis of the technical viability, of the application for the commercial and pre-commercial wave energy technologies, to the Spanish coasts. This analysis provides an optimal framework for future research, choosing one technology and considering a concrete point of the Spanish coast, with their respective constraints such as, the regulatory aspect of the fees to be applied to such technology, and the restrictions related to the protection of the ecosystems, and other local activities not compatible with the technology.This work is continuing the initiative started by the Project Enola. Enola is a software that provides comprehensive and complete information, about the potential electric production, based on wave energy of the Spanish coast. After evaluating all the wave energy technologies available at this point, those more mature and viable have been selected; the parameters under which they are productive have been analysed; and the ideal areas for implementation on the Spanish coast have been determined, according to the potentials provided by Enola and the technical limitations of the technologies themselves. The results is a summary document where one can easily identify the best locations for the deployment of wave power plants (optimum output).
COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS AND CHANGING ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES: CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABILITY TRANSITION
Authors: Roy Joyashree , Roy Joyashree , Datta Satabdi , Datta Satabdi , Kapuria Preeti , Kapuria Preeti , Guha Indrila , Guha Indrila , Banerji Rajarshi , Banerji Rajarshi , Miah Md. Giashuddin , Miah Md. Giashuddin , Islam Rafiqul , Islam Rafiqul , Rainasiri Janaka , Rainasiri Janaka , Pradeep Kumara P. B. Terney , Pradeep Kumara P. B. Terney , Samarawickrama Lokuhetti Chinthaka , Samarawickrama Lokuhetti Chinthaka , Prabhath Vidanage Shamen , Prabhath Vidanage Shamen
Published: June 2018

The wide variety of economic activities, which prevail along the coasts, has either direct or indirect connectivity with the coastal ecosystems through its provisioning of a diverse range of goods and services. However, these systems are permanently under pressure due to natural and anthropogenic threats. This field based study documents the changing pattern of economic activities along selected coastal stretches in South Asia at Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka. Economic activities vary with coastal ecosystem types and service flows there from. Field study sites were identified based on multiple meetings and discussions with the policy makers in each of the countries and they continued to be the part of scientific discussions within ecology-economy framework through the project lifetime. In depth enquiry and analysis were carried out to understand perception of various economic stakeholder groups to natural and anthropogenic threats in the coastal regions and resultant vulnerability and risks. Often threats get intensified by rapid urbanization triggered by changing pattern of coastal economy due to tourism expansion and modernization of traditional activities.
THE "MIZBERING" ZUIBAIJI RIVER CONFERENCE: A SEARCH FOR CONTINUITY IN THE ZUIBAIJI RIVER BASIN
Authors: Anai Takaya , Anai Takaya , Seino Satoquo , Seino Satoquo
Published: June 2018

The Zuibaiji River located west of Fukuoka city has a rich natural environment and history but various problems as well. In order to solve some of these problems, stakeholders need to observe and talk about the river. Also recently, the "MIZBERING Project" has been opening up possibilities for renewing riverside uses of lost activities from the old days in Japan. This project is being conducted by citizens, companies and government administrations with an interest in waterside areas.
The First MIZBERING Zuibaiji River Conference was held to discuss the issues of the Zuibaiji basin. Its purpose was to visit and search out the nature and history of the entire Zuibaiji basin from its mountains to the sea and to rediscover the Zuibaiji basin, and finally to discuss future plans for the Zuibaiji basin and Imazu tidal flat at its outlet.
After visiting the Zuibaiji basin, we discovered a problem in that the Zubaiji Dam is holding not only water but also sand, and this problem affects the environment of the Zuibaiji basin such as its ecosystem and topography. Finally, we provided a venue for the local people to discuss problems and future plans for the Zuibaiji basin.
METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING ADVECTION, TURBULENT MIXING, AND GRAVITATIONAL SETTLING OF RIVER-BORNE SUSPENDED SEDIMENTS IN COASTAL AREAS FROM THERMOHALINE AND OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Osadchiev Alexander , Osadchiev Alexander , Zavialov Peter , Zavialov Peter , Pelevin Vadim , Pelevin Vadim
Published: June 2018

This work presents an original method for quantifying advection and turbulent mixing of river-borne suspended sediments. The main idea of the method consists in joint analysis of surface distributions of salinity and sediment concentration in coastal areas influenced by river discharge. Basing on the Lagrangian approach we represent a river plume as a set of individual water particles, which inflow from a river mouth, mix with ambient sea water during their motion within a river plume and finally dissipate. Surface salinity and sediment concentration of a particle provides information about its turbulent mixing with undelaying ambient sea waters and gravitational settling of its sediments respectively during the period from its origin in the river estuary till the moment of measurement. Using these integrated Lagrangian characteristics calculated for the whole study area we reconstruct advection streamlines within the river plume and ratio between turbulent mixing and gravitational settling of river-borne suspended sediments. This method was applied to coastal areas situated in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea and the western part of the Philippine Sea. High resolution thermohaline and sediment concentration data were collected using a pump-through system equipped by a CTD instrument and a turbidity sensor.
Droit international et prolifération des cyberarmes
Authors: Géry Aude
Published: June 2018

Les attaques informatiques sont de plus en plus fréquentes et sophistiquées. Des cyberarmes telles que des virus ou des vers sont produites et diffusées par des acteurs publics et privés. Dans ce contexte, certains États cherchent à empêcher la prolifération des outils informatiques malveillants. La régulation des cyberarmes se révèle toutefois particulièrement difficile et les instruments juridiques adoptés jusqu’à présent ne permettent pas à eux seuls de garantir la stabilité du cyberespace.
L’Union européenne et la lutte contre le terrorisme
Authors: Wernert Séverine
Published: June 2018

Depuis 2015, plusieurs pays de l’Union européenne ont été touchés par des attentats. La dimension transnationale de la menace a poussé les États membres à renforcer l’Union de la sécurité. De nouvelles directives ont été adoptées et des outils de coopération ont été mis en place ou améliorés. Toutefois, l’action de l’UE en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme reste limitée, en raison notamment de la volonté des États de garder la main sur les questions régaliennes de sécurité.
États-Unis : de nouvelles options nucléaires ?
Authors: Hautecouverture Benjamin
Published: June 2018

La Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) américaine présentée en février 2018 réaffirme l’importance du nucléaire dans la stratégie américaine, dans un environnement stratégique perçu comme dégradé. Elle se distingue symboliquement du discours d’Obama qui en appelait à la fin de l’armement nucléaire. Cette nouvelle NPR annonce des inflexions capacitaires, en particulier en faveur des armes tactiques, plus que de vraies ruptures. Ces inflexions dépendront des décisions budgétaires du Congrès.
AML Subtype M5 Linked to Pulmonary Leukemic Infiltrates and Respiratory Failure and the Importance of Early Induction Chemotherapy
Authors: Chu Yvonne
Published: June 2018

Currently there are no practice guidelines for evaluating lung infiltrates in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). More specifically, it remains unclear if there is a need to obtain a lung tissue biopsy prior to the initiation of induction chemotherapy. This clinical question is particularly important in instances in which obtaining a lung tissue diagnosis can potentially delay anti-leukemic treatment.  Here we describe a case of such lung infiltrates in which a newly diagnosed AML patient underwent a diagnostic lung biopsy before receiving chemotherapy, was shown to have leukemic infiltration of lung tissue, and subsequently had complete resolution of lung infiltrates following initiation of chemotherapy.
Exploring the Factors of Foreign Language Anxiety Among Chinese Undergraduate English Majors and Non-English Majors
Authors: Naudhani Mehwish , Wu Zhijie , Naudhani Sehrish
Published: June 2018

The study aims to examine three factors of foreign language anxiety i.e. speaking anxiety, foreign language classroom anxiety and teacher-generated anxiety, among Chinese English majors and non-English majors. The data were analysed to find out which of these factors invoke more anxiety. Research data collection was done via Foreign Language Anxiety Scale. A total number of subjects are 101, including 51 English majors and 50 non-English majors, with Chinese as their mother-tongue and learning English as a second language at university. The results revealed that English majors feel the middle level of foreign language speaking and classroom anxiety while Non-English majors experience high level of foreign language speaking and classroom anxiety. Moreover, both groups felt more anxious when they spoke to the teacher. Keeping in view the results of the study, some follow-up studies are recommended.
Hybride stadsregionaal bestuur belicht: effectiviteit en legitimiteit in vier grootstedelijke gebieden
Authors: Schaap Linze , Colombo Carlo , Damen Maaike , Karsten Niels
Published: June 2018

Hybrid city-regional governance. Effectiveness and legitimacy in four metropolitan areas

This article reports on an analysis of the effectiveness and legitimacy of modes of governance in four European regions that clearly show signs of hybridity, that is, they have private as well as public characteristics. Berlin, Eindhoven, Copenhagen-Malmö and Zurich thus aim to increase the problem-solving capacity of their regional governance and to govern ‘smartly’ in a complex and multi-level context. The individual cities search for effective links with private and societal actors, each in its own way. Legitimacy is an issue that is hardly reflected upon, though. Hybrid modes of governance may have negative impacts on both effectiveness and legitimacy, but also offer new opportunities for good governance. ‘Hybrid’ and ‘smart’ do not always go hand in hand, but they are not mutually exclusive either.
De dynamiek van slimme sturing voor de verduurzaming van handelsketens
Authors: Termeer Katrien , Toonen Hilde , Kok Marcel , Turnhout Esther
Published: June 2018

The dynamics of smart governance for sustainable value chains

Traditional state-centered governance systems have failed to effectively tackle the transnational problem of the sustainability of global value chains (GVCs). To fill this ‘institutional void’, industry and NGOs established a series of global partnerships that designed standards and certification schemes for global commodities. This paper uses different theoretical lenses to address the question as to what extent these arrangements can be evaluated as smart, and for what and for whom they are smart? Despite their relative success, these partnerships face some serious challenges. Consequently, smart governance also requires adaptiveness and the prevention of path dependencies.
Lokale netwerken als instrument voor centraal beleid?
Authors: De Rynck Filip , Temmerman Caroline , Voets Joris
Published: June 2018

Local networks as an instrument for central policy? The relativity of metagovernance

Collaboration between public actors and social partners is becoming increasingly important as an administrative solution for complex societal challenges in health care, spatial development, mobility management or water management. In this article we focus on the relationship between the central Flemish government and local networks that are set up by this government. In the scientific literature much attention is paid to the concept of metagovernance as analytical perspective to analyze the relationship between the government and networks. The concept offers the government a toolbox with roles and instruments from which it can choose to support and stimulate networks in order to achieve the desired network results. However, our research shows that such an approach is not sufficient to capture the relationship between the central government and local mandated networks in Flanders. We argue for a broader interpretation of the concept of metagovernance, in which the dynamics of local networks are viewed as the outcome of power relations between actors that are represented at both local and central level and that are intertwined with each other. Only in this way will we we understand why certain choices are made about local mandated networks, why local networks show a lack of dynamism and why local actors in local networks also do not want local networks to become more dynamic and effective. We do notice that the pressure on these arrangements is increasing, partly due to new actors who are not involved in these arrangements.
Waarderen of veroordelen?
Authors: Bleijenberg Christine , Aarts Noëlle , Renes Reint Jan
Published: June 2018

Appreciating or condemning? The significance of critical citizens who do not take part for local participation processes

To be able to realize the ambitions of citizen participation, diversity of participants is a crucial condition. At the same time excluding groups of citizens, amongst them critical citizens, is inextricably linked with citizen participation. In this article in the series ‘Local democratic audit’, the authors wonder what the exclusion of critical citizens means for the process and outcome of citizen participation. Through two empirical studies during a spatial intervention in different municipalities in the Netherlands, they investigated how people involved in a participation process spoke about critical citizens and their manifestations. The results show that the way these critical citizens are discussed either legitimizes exclusion or questions it critically. The legitimization of exclusion is detrimental to the support for spatial intervention. The problematization of exclusion results in a responsive approach to critical citizens, which is beneficial for both the course of the participation process and for the support for the spatial intervention.
The New Consumer Deal
Authors: van Hattum B.
Published: June 2018

The New Consumer Deal. Een gamechanger op het gebied van de afwikkeling van massaclaims in Europa en specifiek Nederland als marktleider?

De Europese Commissie heeft als onderdeel van een New Consumer Deal (hierna: de Deal) een richtlijnvoorstel gepubliceerd waar de invoering van een groepsvordering in de Europese Unie wordt voorgesteld om te kunnen garanderen dat de Europese consument ten volle van zijn rechten als EU-burger kan genieten. De Commissie kiest voor het toebedelen van de groepsvordering aan een met specifieke voorwaarden omklede entiteit. In de praktijk zal dit neerkomen op het toekennen van een groepsvordering aan een consumentenvereniging, een voor een specifieke vorm van massaschadeafwikkeling opgerichte en door de overheid ondersteunde stichting en/of een toezichthouder. In hoeverre is deze keuze van de Commissie een gamechanger in het speelveld van massaschadeafwikkeling en zal de invoering van een groepsvordering bijdragen aan het door de commissie beoogde doel van het waarborgen van de rechten van de EU-burger?

Voorstel betreffende representatieve vorderingen ter bescherming van de collectieve belangen van consumenten en tot intrekking van Richtlijn 2009/22/EG. Brussels 11 april 2018, COM(2018)184 final 2018/0089 (COD).
Kroniek Handvest van de Grondrechten van de Unie periode 2016-2017: actieve grondrechtenbescherming vanuit Luxemburg
Authors: Pahladsingh A.
Published: June 2018

Kroniek Handvest van de Grondrechten van de Unie periode 2016-2017: actieve grondrechtenbescherming vanuit Luxemburg

Het Handvest van de Grondrechten van de EU is sinds 1 december 2009 ruim zeven jaar juridisch bindend. Het heeft als doel grondrechtenbescherming te versterken door relevante rechten beter zichtbaar te maken. In deze kroniek wordt een overzicht gegeven van de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen over 2016 en 2017, bezien vanuit het Hof van Justitie. Om een goed beeld te geven over de afgelopen twee jaar is gekozen voor een overzicht van de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen per artikel uit het Handvest.