bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prolegómenos para una historiografía artística cusqueña en el rectorado de Albert Giesecke de la Universidad San Antonio Abad (1910-1923)
Authors: Caparó Aragón Marco Antonio
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo plantea la idea de que la historiografía artística cusqueña (1918-1925), se fundamenta en análisis de contenidos ideológicos indo-mestizos que pretendieron cohesionar la historia nacional a través de objetos artísticos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación, es demostrar que las políticas educativas norteamericanas y planes de estudios en el rectorado de Albert Giesecke, tuvieron influencia en estudios de arte peruano. El enfoque de análisis utilizado es la historiografía artística, en este sentido se revisó la Revista Universitaria, documentos y bibliografía crítica de Luis Eduardo Valcárcel y José Uriel García. Cuyo eje de indagación permitió demostrar su eclosión con la habilitación de la cátedra de Historia del arte peruano (1917). Como resultado, al escrutar los textos se comprobaron que su existencia corresponde para proteger el arte castizo del hispano, correlacionado en obras de artistas indo-mestizos. La investigación permite concluir que la historiografía artística es expresión del intelectual provinciano para reescribir la identidad nacional.
El régimen evocativo del ensayo fotográfico documental contemporáneo en las obras de Yael Martínez (México) y Franz Krajnik (Perú)
Authors: Larrabure Simpson María Cecilia
Published: June 2022

Este artículo busca analizar la capacidad de la fotografía para desarrollar narrativas visuales de corte ensayístico que tienden a crear mensajes centrados en la potencia evocativa de la imagen fotográfica antes que en la informativa, aun cuando la matriz de dichas narrativas está enraizada en el documento. Estos nuevos discursos visuales, centrados prioritariamente en lo sensorial y que se han multiplicado con la llegada del presente siglo, posibilitan nuevas vías para develar los significados latentes de la imagen; aquello que no se ve pero se siente, se intuye. Los autores cuyos trabajos son materia del presente artículo organizan los elementos visuales de forma que, al ser confrontados con la mirada del otro durante el acto contemplativo, develan, a través de la evocación, los múltiples significados latentes de la imagen fotográfica relacionados, en los casos analizados, con el dolor, la pérdida y el vacío, pero también a la esperanza y la resiliencia.
“Pero ¿de qué habla?”: un examen sobre lo que sea la ética a partir de su objeto de estudio
Authors: Alarco Grijalva Abel de Dios
Published: June 2022

Consideramos que la pregunta “¿qué es la ética?” implica una investigación ontológica como metaontológica, lo cual debería conducirnos a una explicación y justificación del programa de investigación natural. Bajo ese marco, una investigación ontológica debería darse favorablemente si es irrestricta a la vez que epistémicamente responsabilizada con el otorgamiento de criterios. En ese caso, la ontología de algo podría llamarse una teoría-puerto, la cual, en relación con la ética y en nuestro caso, se delimitará al examen de posturas metaéticas y a la definición de ética en función de la definición de su objeto de estudio. El examen resultará en la percepción de una aparente inabarcabilidad de la moral, la cual podría dirigir a un abolicionismo basado en su fatiga conceptual. Objetamos a este abolicionismo sosteniendo que la amplitud de lo moral en su exposición metaética más bien llama a una mayor concordancia con el naturalismo.
Wilhelm Wundt through the Eyes of a Student from Lithuania: Records in the Diary of Vytautas Civinskis Related to Psychology Lectures at Leipzig in 1905
Authors: Almonaitienė Junona S. , Girininkaitė Veronika
Published: June 2022

The article addresses aspects of the connections between Wilhelm Wundt and Lithuania. It is introduced by briefly mentioning facts known from previous research about Lithuanians who studied at Wundt’s Institute of Experimental Psychology at Leipzig, and those who chose Wundt’s work as the object of their research. In the main part of the article, for the first time, excerpts from a manuscript with Lithuanian student’s impressions about Wundt’s psychology lectures he attended are published in Lithuanian and in original multilingual text. It was written by Vytautas Civinskis (Polish Witold Cywiński, 1887–1910), the student of agricultural sciences at Leipzig University, in his Diary in 1905. Although small in volume and written by a very young person, these recordings are interesting as an authentic testimony. According to the available data, this is the only surviving archival document of such kind written by a student from Lithuania. From the document, it is possible to deduce how the student evaluated Wundt as a lecturer, what were the content and form of his lectures, as well as the physical, social and intellectual environment at Leipzig, and what opportunities all that provided for students. The mentioned aspects are discussed in the comments of the archival materials. It is concluded that bringing to awareness the fact of existence of the student’s Diary entries related to Wundt’s lectures complements the Lithuanian psychology history quite significantly, and their content reveals Wundt’s attention to the philosophical basis of experimental psychology, psychophysiology, the details of several experiments he demonstrated.
ЗАМІЩЕННЯ ПРИРОДНОГО ГАЗУ ВОДНЕМ В УМОВАХ ПОСТАЧАННЯ ПОБУТОВИХ ГАЗОВИХ ПРИЛАДІВ СУМІШЕВИМ ПАЛИВОМ
Authors: Сорока Б. , П'яних К. , Згурський В.
Published: June 2022

Вступ. Відповідно до уявлень світового експертного співтовариства, глобальне потепління прикордонного шару в системі «поверхня Землі – атмосферне повітря» пов’язано з наявністю в атмосферному повітрі вуглецевих компонентів (переважно СО2), а також H2O, які функціонують як парниковий газ і перерозподіляють радіаційні теплові потоки в оточуючому середовищі.Проблематика. Основними галузями економіки, що впливають на викиди парникових газів, є промисловість, енергетика та транспорт. З огляду на структуру економіки та паливного балансу України особливе значення має скорочення викидів CO2 в комунально-побутовому секторі, зокрема, за рахунок використання водню замість органічного палива.Мета. Визначення можливостей, безпекових умов та перспектив заміщення природного газу воднем шляхом опалювання побутових газових приладів (ПГП) сумішевим газовим паливом (СГП, MG), а також експериментальневивчення ефективності (ККД) використання СГП (MG) та екологічних характеристик (викиди шкідливих газів: CO, NOx) ПГП.Матеріали й методи. Проблема декарбонізації навколишнього середовища вирішується заміщенням природного газу (ПГ, NG) метано-водневим сумішевим газом. Вогневі випробування дослідних ПГП: опалювального котла «RODA» (Німеччина) та газової плити «GRETA» (Україна) здійснено з використанням сумішевого газу з вмістом[H2] до 50 % порівняно зі спалюванням природного газу.Результати. Експериментально встановлено помірну залежність енергетичних та екологічних характеристик ПГП від вмісту [H2] в складі палива при варіюванні частки водню в діапазоні [H2] = 0–50 %.Висновки. Вперше експериментально доведено прогнозовану теоретично можливість безпечної експлуатації ПГПпри спалюванні метано-водневих сумішей із вмістом [H2] до 50 %. ККД використання палива від його витрат для опалювального котла збільшується із зростанням теплової потужності на відміну від екстремальної залежності ККД газової плити від її теплової потужності.
ШТАМПОВА СТАЛЬ З РЕГУЛЮВАННЯМ АУСТЕНІТНОГО ПЕРЕТВОРЕННЯ ДЛЯ ГАРЯЧОГО ДЕФОРМУВАННЯ МІДНО-НІКЕЛЕВОГО СПЛАВУ
Authors: Гогаєв К. , Сидорчук О.
Published: June 2022

Вступ. При експлуатаційних температурах (понад 650 °С) навіть найбільш теплостійкі сталі (ГОСТ 5950-2000) інтенсивно знеміцнюються, що є основною причиною швидкого виходу інструменту з ладу. Додаткове введення легуючого елемента нікелю в хімічний склад сталі на феритній основі дало можливість знизити критичні точки А1 і А3. Завдяки чому, було розроблено новий клас сталей, які за кімнатної температури належали до феритного стану, а за експлуатаційної — перетворювались в аустенітну область.Проблематика. Використання штампової сталі для гарячого деформування (ШСГД) обмежене певним температурним інтервалом, вище якого відбувається їхнє знеміцнення і для підвищення ресурсу експлуатації яких необхідним є додаткове легування та використання енергоємних процесів їх термічної обробки. У легованих конструкційнихсталях феритного стану при високих температурах відбувається коагуляція карбідних фаз і знижується теплостійкість в процесі відпуску.Мета. Підвищення ресурсу експлуатації штампового інструменту (матриць) з легованої конструкційної сталі для гарячого пресування мідно-нікелевого сплаву за робочих температур 850—950 °C.Матеріали й методи. Металографічні дослідження сталі, Х-променевий фазовий аналіз, дилатометричний аналіз.Результати. При гарячому деформуванні мідно-нікелевого сплаву МНЖ 5-1 було підвищено ресурс експлуатації матриць зі сталі з регульованим аустенітним перетворенням 4Х3Н5М3Ф порівняно зі сталлю 3Х3М3Ф.Висновки. Штампові сталі з вихідною феритною основою для роботи в аустенітному стані визначаються положенням температур α → γ-перетворення. Розігрів інструменту в процесі експлуатації повинен забезпечити проходження такого перетворення для подальшої тривалої роботі сталі в аустенітному стані, тобто протягом всього періодувисокотемпературної експлуатації інструменту зберігається аустенітна структура сталі. У цьому полягає відмінність від традиційного підходу до легованих теплостійких штампових сталей для яких, навпаки, підвищення температур фазових перетворень є одним з основних умов підвищення стійкості інструменту для гарячого деформування.
Privilégiá mesta Krupina – K problematike nejstarších privilégií hostí Krupiny spred mongolského vpádu
Authors: Lukáč Miroslav
Published: June 2022

The town of Krupina and its privileges : On the issue of the oldest privileges of guests of Krupina before the Mongol invasion The author deals with the issue of privileges granted to Krupina, one of the oldest towns in Slovakia. The town’s privileges were renewed in 1244, whereas the first privileges ever mentioned were granted before the Mongol invasion (March 1241). With reference to the only document – preserved from 1238 –, some authors indirectly came to the conclusion that the first written privileges were given to German guests as early as in 1238. The author of the paper presents the possibility of privileges being granted before 1241. The first German guests probably settled in the town of Krupina at the end of 12th or beginning of 13th century and in this market town they were apparently given the right to hold markets, which were originally held by the Slovak residents. The German settlers probably also got the right to choose their own mayors and rectors (priests) so that they could be understood. This fact is attested by documents originating in places in the near vicinity (Sebechleby, Hontianske Nemce) or in more distant locations (Trnava, Blatný Potok) where residents of German descent were living. Moreover, the guests coming to the town of Krupina had the right to do business either in neighbouring or remote regions as pointed out in the document from 1238; apparently they were also given the right to harvest wood and break stone for the construction of churches and houses. Along with their rights, the German residents also had to fulfil their duties. In particular, they were committed to paying taxes to the king or the count as the local authority representing the king. Furthermore, they paid the church tithe, this being one of the oldest feudal annuities within Christian communities and the Kingdom of Hungary.
Osobní fondy spisovatelek v Památníku Petra Bezruče Slezského zemského muzea
Authors: Dragonová Martina , Szturcová Monika
Published: June 2022

In this study, we focused on women writers and cultural workers whose archival collections are stored at the Petr Bezruč Memorial of the Silesian Museum. The works of the researched female writers provide valuable evidence of the literary and cultural life of northern Moravia and Silesia or Wallachia and are a means of depicting the cultural identity and memory of the region of the late 19th and 20th centuries. The text emphasizes the introduction of fema‑ le authors and also provides detailed information about the specific content of individual collections. We also present the female writers‘ literary works in excerpts from documents stored in individual collections.
Československo‑polské vztahy z hlediska environmentálního, pokusy o řešení (1927–1992)
Authors: Pavelčíková Nina
Published: June 2022

Thanks to its diverse terrain, Czechoslovakia represents a watershed, or rather a basin of rivers that flow into neighbouring countries. Their pollution, which was caused by excessive development of heavy industry in the 20th century, had a significant impact on the devasta‑ tion of the environment, especially in the northern parts of the territory and in border regions of Germany and Poland. This study presents basic trends in the development of Czechoslovakia–Poland relations in the field of environmental protection in the period under review, but also tries to view them from a more general perspective. Special attention is paid to the impact of Ostrava’s heavy industry on the pollution of the rivers Olza and Oder (or parts of their tributaries) that flow through the Czech‑Polish border regions via the Ostrava indus‑ trial agglomeration; the Oder then continues northwards across the whole of Poland. However, air pollution caused by the development of the Ostrava and Upper Silesian industrial areas had an adverse effect on environmental development too.
Wachstumsdynamiken, Inhalte und Emotionen in ‚identitären‘ Chatgruppen
Authors: Hause Frank
Published: June 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag beleuchtet die Wachstumsdynamiken und Inhalte von insgesamt 67 Telegram-Chatgruppen, die auf Initiative der sogenannten ‚Identitären Bewegung‘ im Zeitraum von August bis November 2019 gegründet wurden. Dabei wurden die Daten und Chatverläufe von 2.000 bis 4.000 Gruppenmitgliedern erfasst und ausgewertet. Die Gruppengründung geht mit einem enormen Vernetzungspotenzial einher, das weit über den digitalen Raum hinausgeht. Obwohl der Anteil der aktiven Gruppenmitglieder stark schwankt, führte der Aufruf zur Gründung einer Chatgruppe in etwa 30 Prozent der Fälle zu einem persönlichen Treffen der Mitglieder innerhalb von drei Monaten ab Gründung. Mit einem Text-Mining-basierten Topic Modelling konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass in den Chatgruppen vorrangig gefühlte Bedrohungen, wie vermeintlich gewalttätige Migrant:innen, und ‚grüne‘ Themen, wie Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz, aber auch die Partei B90/Die Grünen als Feindbilder konstruiert werden. Dem werden Narrative wie Unterstützung in der Chatgruppe, Zusammenhalt und Vertrauen als Ideale gegenübergestellt, sodass sich basierend auf den Themen eine starke ideologische und emotionale Polarisierung durch die Chatinhalte vermuten lässt. Dies konnte im Rahmen einer Sentiment-Analyse bestätigt werden: Die prägenden Emotionen in den Chatverläufen sind Trauer und Angst (negative emotionale Valenz) sowie Vertrauen (positive emotionale Valenz). Interessant ist auch, wie der antisemitische Anschlag von Halle am 9. Oktober 2019 von den Gruppenmitgliedern aufgenommen wird. Die maßgeblichen Emotionen sind hier vor allem Wut und Ekel. Auch wenn auf dieser Basis keine Kausalzusammenhänge belegt werden können, liefern die Daten starke Argumente dafür, dass derartige Chatgruppen menschenfeindliche Einstellungen und Narrative reproduzieren, multiplizieren und über die stattfindende Polarisierung die weiterführende Radikalisierung ihrer Mitglieder begünstigen.
Digital Fears Experienced by Young People in the Age of Technoscience
Authors: Abramova Sofya B. , Antonova Natalya L. , Campa Riccardo , Popova Natalia G.
Published: June 2022

With the advance of technoscience, digital technologies have started to reshape the traditional array of social fears experienced by younger generations by triggering the appearance of new, digital fears. In this article, we undertake a sociological analysis to investigate the concept of digital fears both theoretically and empirically. Our survey conducted among Russian young people aged 18–30 in 2020 (N = 1050, Sverdlovsk region, Russian Federation) showed that fear is a distinctive characteristic of the social well-being of this generation. Moreover, fear tends to become more pronounced both quantitatively (i.e., the frequency of emergence) and qualitatively (i.e. the emergence of new types). The identified digital fears of young people allowed us to draw their typology. Depending on the specifics of digital threat, the following types were distinguished: those associated with impact and control, crime and security, communication and activity, technology and innovation, and social inequality. We show that the expanding range of social fears leads to the formation of catastrophic thinking in young people, thereby affecting the level of social well-being and distorting the image of the future.
From Uncertainty to Trust: COVID-19 Pandemic Responses of South Korea and Sweden
Authors: Rezaev Andrey V. , Tregubova Natalia D. , Ivanova Anastasia A.
Published: June 2022

Epidemiological situations, such as the pandemic of COVID-19, pose a clear and significant problem for the states in their efforts to construct and to control their population. The widespread introduction of a lockdown as a regulatory method during the current pandemic could be associated with the need to preserve an understandable, quantifiable, and predictable management object. This paper considers, analyses, and compares two deviant cases of COVID-19 pandemic responses: South Korea and Sweden. In South Korea, the pandemic regulations were dominated by large-scale testing and contact tracing, while lockdown policies have played a supplementary role. Sweden’s attempt to develop population immunity by introducing less stringent measures that its neighbours has attracted much attention worldwide. The authors conduct desk research and analyse secondary data on pandemic regulations and their effects in these two countries in 2020. Similarities and differences between Swedish and South Korean cases are formulated regarding trust inside and between the states.
Conceptual Framework of Teacher Prestige and Well-Being: Regional Aspects
Authors: Berzin Andrey B. , Maltsev Aleksey V. , Zavyalova Natalya A.
Published: June 2022

The paper presents a comparative analysis of sociological data concerning teachers working in the Sverdlovsk region (Russian Federation). The data were collected in 1989, 2016, and 2021. The surveys investigated social ideas and stereotypes reflecting public attitudes towards teachers in Russia and teaching communities. The research is based on a hybrid multi-paradigm methodology comprising systemic, structural, functional, generalized, temporal, and procedural descriptions. We used the data obtained from questionnaires surveying teachers in 1989 (n = 1183 participants), 2016 (n = 529 participants), 2021 (n = 412 participants). Data processing was carried out with the help of the VORTEX software application.The comparative data analysis demonstrated that, while the proportion of female teachers and teachers of older age groups has increased over three decades, this has been accompanied by an increase in the education level. It is significant that the motivation for selecting the teaching profession and overall levels of satisfaction remained the same. However, at the same time, assessments of the possibility to advance through a teaching career and professional well-being have noticeably deteriorated. Among key factors affecting teachers’ satisfaction are physical conditions, low wages, lack of time for private life and the stress of endless school reforms. All of this has led to a decline in the prestige of the teaching profession along with the formation of a negative image. The paper describes efforts required to ensure the enhancement of the teaching profession in the Russian Federation.
Talking to God: Religion, Para-Science and Disciplinary Practices as Consolidation Tools
Authors: Ryazanova Svetlana V.
Published: June 2022

The article examines social instruments used to consolidate small religious groups in modern society. Such groups are viewed as a variation of the development of a local Orthodox parish founded as a community of like-minded people. The research subject is closed religious community that has existed in the Perm region (Russia) for over thirty years. The community has evolved from a typical Orthodox parish to a modern-type spiritual group that used non-Orthodox sources of information and devotion, and was led by a woman. The study identifies most effective social instruments for the consolidation of those type of religious community. The research includes reconstruction of the history of the community and the analysis of the materials of spiritual seminars held there, reflecting gradual transformation of the teachings and change of the leader’s status. The research data were acquired from several sources: interviews and personal correspondence of the author with former members of the community, materials of journalistic investigations, etc.
“Guilty of Being Free”: An Intellectual vs. Soviet Penal System (Prison Letters and Drawings of Sergei Parajanov)
Authors: Simyan Tigran S.
Published: June 2022

Sergei Parajanov was one of the most innovative directors of postwar Soviet cinema, which made him suspect to the Soviet authorities and eventually led Parajanov to serving a prison sentence. This article discusses how the trauma of Parajanov’s prison experience was reflected in the textual and visual output (letters, drawings and collages) that he created during his imprisonment out of the materials at hand. The study relies on comparative-historical and semiotic methods. Parajanov’s homosexuality made his position in prison precarious and ambiguous. He went through a variety of occupations and laboriously navigated both the prison hierarchy and Soviet penal system’s vigilant control. However, by his own count, Parajanov crafted 800 objects during his imprisonment. The article explores the recurring motives such as the crane hook, halo, and a hunched posture. This imagery is placed in the context of Parajanov’s everyday life in prison and is interpreted in the light of his textual documents from that period.
Nanomaterial-reinforced composites for biomedical implant applications: a mini-review
Authors: Kumar Manjeet , Kumar Rajesh , Kumar Sandeep
Published: June 2022

There is heavy demand for suitable implant materials with improved mechanical and biological properties. Classically, the demand was catered by conventional materials such as metals, alloys and polymer-based materials. Recently, nanomaterial-reinforced composites have played a significant role in replacing conventional materials due to their excellent properties such as biocompatibility, bioactivity, high strength-to-weight ratio, long life, corrosion and wear resistance and tailorability. Herein, the authors carried out a systematic focus review of the role of nanoparticles in the form of composite materials for advancements in orthopedic implants. Several nanomaterial-based reinforcements have been reviewed with various matrix materials, including metals, alloys, ceramics, composites and polymers, for biomedical implant applications. Moreover, the improved biological properties, mechanical properties and other functionalities such as infection resistance, drug delivery at the target, sensing and detection of bone diseases and corrosion and wear resistance are elaborated. At last, a particular focus has been given to the unresolved challenges in orthopedic implant development.
Seismic performance of near-fault geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment
Authors: Guo W. , Wang X. , He C. , Jiang L. , Long Y. , Guo Z. , Yan Q. , Zhao L. , Lin Y.
Published: June 2022

The seismic performance of embankments is an important consideration for the design and construction of high-speed railways (HSRs) in near-fault areas. Incorporating geosynthetics into embankment soil can improve seismic resistance. However, the effect of different reinforcement methods on the seismic performance of embankments is not well understood. In this study, two 1 : 20 scaled embankment models (full-length-geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment (FRPE) and turn-back-geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment (TRPE)) were tested on a shaking table to compare their seismic performance and failure characteristics. The results show that under near-fault bidirectional seismic excitation, the pile foundations of both embankments exhibited bending deformation, with the largest bending moment in the middle of the pile body. The TRPE reduced the vertical dynamic response of the embankment slope but exhibited a more remarkable horizontal dynamic response than the FRPE. Furthermore, the embankment deformation and excess pore water pressure of the TRPE were generally larger than those of the FRPE. Nonetheless, the TRPE has potential application in practical engineering as it ensures earthquake resistance, with higher economic benefits.
Recurrent thrombosis of liver transplant artery: diagnosis and staged minimally invasive treatment
Authors: Grigorev S. E. , Novozhilov A. V. , Grygoryev E. G.
Published: June 2022

The paper presents a clinical study of a 53-year-old patient who underwent liver transplantation complicated by proper hepatic artery thrombosis. No clinical or laboratory signs of the complication were observed. The disruption of arterial blood supply to the transplant was established on day six following surgery by means of routine Doppler ultrasound. Following successful selective endovascular thrombus aspiration and balloon dilation, the arterial blood flow was restored. However, one day later, the thrombosis recurred. Hepatic revascularization was achieved through thrombus re-aspiration and the proper hepatic artery stenting. In the subsequent postoperative period, no complications were observed. The paper analyzes possible causes of thrombosis and recurrent thrombosis, as well as reviewing modern literature.
Abstracts of foreign publications
Authors: Akhaladze G. G. , Akhaladze D. G.
Published: June 2022

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Efficacy of different methods for preventing gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis: comparative analysis
Authors: Nazyrov F. G. , Devyatov A. V. , Babadjanov A. Kh. , Makhmudov U. M. , Omonov O. A.
Published: June 2022

Aim. To assess the clinical efficacy of preventing gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Materials and methods. From 2008 to 2019, the surgical treatment of 710 patients with cirrhosis was considered. The long-term results of preventing gastroesophageal variceal rebleeding were studied in three groups of patients: portosystemic shunt placement (367 patients), total esophagogastric disconnection (62 patients), and endoscopic procedures (281 patients). Observation periods varied from 1 to 115 months.

Results. The lowest rebleeding rate of 15.5% was observed following shunt placement (χ2 = 9.728; df = 2; р = 0.008), while the highest rate of 40.9% was observed following endoscopic treatment. By the 5th year of follow-up, only 37.5% of patients showed no signs of bleeding following endoscopic procedures. The percentage of patients who did not experience true gastroesophageal variceal rebleeding amounted to 44%, 76%, and 85% following shunt placement, total esophagogastric disconnection, and endoscopic procedures, respectively (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. Irrespective of the selected procedure, all patients with cirrhosis suffer from portal rebleeding in the longterm period. However, the lowest rebleeding rate is observed following portosystemic shunt placement.
Evolution of approaches to portal hypertension syndrome and principles underlying treatment personalization
Authors: Efimov D. Yu. , Fedoruk D. A. , Nosik A. V. , Kirkovsky L. V. , Kozak O. N. , Avdey E. L. , Savchenko A. V. , Korotkov S. V. , Shcherba A. E. , Rummo O. O.
Published: June 2022

Aim. To analyze various strategies aimed at mitigating complications of the portal hypertension syndrome at the Minsk Scientific and Practical Center for Surgery, Transplantology, and Hematology.

Material and methods. Patients who had undergone different types of treatment were retrospectively observed: shunt surgery to form portacaval anastomoses, transjugular portosystemic shunt placement, and liver transplantation. The following parameters were analyzed: incidence of complications, hospital mortality rate, survival rate, and perioperative indicators.

Results. Since 1980, 131 shunt surgeries have been performed at the Center, while 880 liver transplantations and 232 transjugular portosystemic shunt placement procedures have been performed since 2008. Among 68 patients with compensated cirrhosis who had undergone shunt placement, no hospital mortality rate was reported, whereas in patients with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis and Child–Pugh C cirrhosis, it reached 19.5% and 87.5%, respectively. Following TIPS, the overall case mortality rate amounted to 9.9% (following TIPS prior to transplantation – 8.2%, following TIPS used as the final treatment – 12.8%). After liver transplantation, in-hospital mortality rate reached 7.7%.

Conclusion. Over 50 years, the strategy for managing portal hypertension has undergone significant changes due to the establishment of institutions providing a complete cycle of all treatment measures for such patients. Patients suffering from the complications of the portal hypertension syndrome tend to receive the most effective treatment in hospitals having experience in rational conservative therapy, endovascular procedures, and transplantation.
Minimally invasive ways to treat and prevent gastroesophageal portal bleeding
Authors: Kotiv B. N. , Dzidzava I. I. , Bugaev S. A. , Onnitsev I. E. , Soldatov S. A. , Alent’ev S. A. , Smorodsky A. V. , Shevtsov S. V. , Dzhafarov A. A.
Published: June 2022

Aim. To analyze the results of minimally invasive techniques to prevent and treat gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis.

Materials and methods. The study included 997 patients with liver cirrhosis: Child-Pugh class A – 21.7%; class B – 48.8%; class C – 29.5%. Esophageal varices of Grades III–IV were diagnosed in 95.5% of the patients, while gastric varices were observed in 17.4% of the patients. The following methods were used: endoscopic ligation, endoscopic sclerotherapy, TIPS, laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection, and distal splenorenal anastomosis.

Results. Following endoscopic procedures aimed at preventing the onset of gastroesophageal bleeding, variceal recurrence and bleeding were observed in 35.9% and 18.6% of cases, respectively. The efficacy of endoscopic ligation in case of bleeding amounted to 91.2%. Multiple endoscopic procedures provided means to treat esophageal and gastric varices in 56.2% of the patients. Rebleeding was observed in 9.3% of the patients, while esophageal and gastric varices persisted in 34.3% of the patients. TIPS was found to significantly reduce portal pressure and the grade of varices, with encephalopathy developing in 41.4% of the patients. In the long-term period, stent dysfunction was diagnosed in 22.5% of cases, while bleeding recurred in 10%. Laparoscopic azygoportal disconnection contributed to the regression of esophageal and gastric varices. In the long-term period, bleeding recurred in 42.3% of cases. Laparoscopic distal splenorenal anastomosis reliably prevented the recurrence of bleeding. No shunt thrombosis or lethal outcomes were observed, while the incidence of encephalopathy amounted to 14.7%.

Conclusion. A sufficient number of minimally invasive methods are currently available in the treatment and prevention of gastroesophageal portal bleeding. A case-specific approach to the choice of measures aimed at treating and preventing gastroesophageal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis is required, taking into account the degree of decompensation of portal hypertension and the severity of liver dysfunction.
First experience of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliterationof gastric varices
Authors: Manukyan G. V. , Malov S. L. , Musin R. A. , Zhigalova S. B. , Lebezev V. M. , Kitsenko E. A. , Fandeyev E. E.
Published: June 2022

Ten patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension successfully underwent balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) of gastric varices. As an example, the paper presents a clinical observation demonstrating the use of a BRTO endovascular procedure. A spontaneous functioning gastrorenal shunt was distinctly observed during multidetector computed tomography in a patient with Child-Pugh А cirrhosis of alimentary-toxic and viral etiology, as well as portal hypertension and associated gastric varices (Type 2, Grade 3) with frequent recurrent bleeding. The presence of a shunt with no indications for TIPS procedure, as well as the inexpediency of a shunt surgery (taking positive immunoblot into account), enabled the formulation of indications for BRTO. This factor ensured regression of gastric varices, as well as eliminated the threat of recurrent gastric bleeding.
Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control
of the Process of Hydrogen Adsorption Production
Authors: Alruyshid М. H. H. , Dmitrievsky B. S. , Terekhova А. А. , Ishin А. А. , Skvortsov S. A.
Published: June 2022

The paper considers the structure of the mathematical model for 6-bed plant for hydrogen production. The adapting optimal control system for technological process is proposed. The results of numerical imitating calculations of dynamic operating modes of the system are given.
Determination of the Flow Structure of Steam and Boiling Streams
in the Rectification Column
Authors: Golovanchikov A. B. , Merentsov N. A. , Prokhorenko N. A.
Published: June 2022

The paper describes an indicator-free method for determining
the structure of steam and boiling solution flows in the reinforcing and exhaustive parts of the rectification column based on experimental data of the velocity profile or velocity head from the radius. Equations of dependence of differential and integral curves
of response and dispersion (central moment of the second order) on these experimental data with determination of the Peclet number of longitudinal diffusion are derived.
Electrochemical and Corrosive Behavior of Iron in Acidic Chloride
Media in the Presence of Pyrimidine
Authors: Balybin D. V. , Alyokhina O. V. , Bernatsky P. N.
Published: June 2022

The effect of pyrimidine concentration (0.0005…0.01 М) on the kinetics of the reaction of hydrogen evolution on iron in conventionally anhydrous ethylene glycol solutions with the electrolyte composition x M HCl + (1 – x) M LiCl (where x = 0.99; 0.5; 0.1; 0.05, Mmol/l). A quantitative assessment of the concentration of pyrimidine ions and the molecular form of pyrimidine depending on the acidity of the medium is given.
As a result of electrochemical measurements, it was shown that the introduction
of various concentrations of pyrimidine into conventionally anhydrous ethylene glycol solutions (with the ionic strength of the solution equal to one) changes the nature of the limiting stage. In the background conditionally anhydrous ethylene glycol solutions,
the limiting stage is the discharge reaction, the kinetic parameters of which are
in satisfactory agreement with Folmer’s theory. In the presence of pyrimidine
in solutions in the concentration range under consideration, the delayed discharge stage changes to the delayed chemical recombination stage. The observed experimental results are primarily due to the acid-base interactions of pyridine and solvent molecules, which are primarily due to the structural features of the molecule of this additive and the ratio of the number of particles of the protonated form of pyrimidine to the number
of particles of the molecular form in conventionally anhydrous ethylene glycol solutions.
A Study of the Behavior of Non-Ferrous Metals
in a Variable Magnetic Field
Authors: Verchenov V. S. , Mordasov D. M. , Mordasov M. D.
Published: June 2022

A method for studying non-ferrous metals in an alternating magnetic field is proposed. The prepared images of the device, software, and the trajectory
of non-ferrous metals in the core are presented. The results obtained allow for
the separation of the studied samples among themselves.
Environmentally Friendly Power Plants Based
on Rotary Type Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Dzhus O. A. , Rodionov Yu. V. , Lomovskikh A. E. , Novichikhin V. V. , Vnukov D. Yu. , Sukhova A. O.
Published: June 2022

Two well-known designs of rotary piston engines and
a directly promising design of a rotary engine with an improved separating blade developed by Professor Yu. V. Vorobyov are considered. It has been found that in the created design of a rotary engine there is no connecting rod and piston group, instead of which a rotor is made that performs
a circular motion, and then, using an eccentric mechanism, this motion
is converted into a rotational motion of the output shaft. It was found that the proposed technical solution will reduce the leakage of gases from
the working chambers of the engine, increase the tightness of isolated chambers or cylinders, which will ultimately lead to an increase in power and an increase in engine efficiency by 10 - 15 % and a decrease in toxic emissions by up to 12 %.
Marketing Triggers for Modeling Demand Dynamics
Authors: Sapegina K. Z. , Krasyuk I. A.
Published: June 2022

Triggers in Internet marketing using the example of the online store of the Leroy Merlin retail chain are studied. Real examples
of the use of triggers on the company’s website are considered, and
the relationship between clicking on triggered advertising and increasing sales is analyzed. Analytical data from the Romir consumer panel made
it possible to calculate the Spearman’s correlation coefficient rs, as well
as to assess the degree of closeness of the relationship between indicators on the Chaddock scale.
Performance analysis of black hole and worm hole attacks in MANETs
Authors: Al Rubaiei Mazoon Hashil , Jassim Hothefa Shaker , Sharef Baraa T.
Published: June 2022

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network MANET is composed of a freely and mobility set of mobile nodes. They form a temporary dynamic wireless network without any infrastructure. Since the nodes act as both host and router in their communication, they act as a router provide connectivity by forwarding data packets among intermediate nodes to the destination. The routing protocol is used to grove their communication and connectivity as example, the Ad On-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. However, due to the lack of security vulnerabilities of routing protocols and the absence of infrastructure, MANET is vulnerable to various security threats and attacks. This paper examines the impact of two types of attacks on AODV routing protocol using Network Simulator version 2 (NS2) environment. These attacks are Blackhole and Wormhole Attacks. The aim of both of them is to prevent data packets to reach the destination node and dropping all the traffic.
A Like ELGAMAL Cryptosystem But Resistant To Post-Quantum Attacks
Authors: EL-YAHYAOUI Ahmed , OMARY Fouzia
Published: June 2022

The Modulo 1 Factoring Problem (M1FP) is an elegant mathematical problem which could be exploited to design safe cryptographic protocols and encryption schemes that resist to post quantum attacks. The ELGAMAL encryption scheme is a well-known and efficient public key algorithm designed by Taher ELGAMAL from discrete logarithm problem. It is always highly used in Internet security and many other applications after a large number of years. However, the imminent arrival of quantum computing threatens the security of ELGAMAL cryptosystem and impose to cryptologists to prepare a resilient algorithm to quantum computer-based attacks. In this paper we will present a like-ELGAMAL cryptosystem based on the M1FP NP-hard problem. This encryption scheme is very simple but efficient and supposed to be resistant to post quantum attacks.
TRW-MAC: A thermal-aware receiver-driven wake-up radio enabled duty cycle MAC protocol for multi-hop implantable wireless body area networks in Internet of Things
Authors: Monowar Muhammad Mostafa
Published: June 2022

Implantable Wireless Body Area Network (IWBAN), a network of implantable medical sensors, is one of the emerging network paradigms due to the rapid proliferation of wireless technologies and growing demand of sophisticated healthcare. The wireless sensors in IWBAN is capable of communicating with each other through radio frequency (RF) link. However, recurring wireless communication inside the human body induces heat causing severe thermal damage to the human tissue which, if not controlled, may appear as a threat to human life. Moreover, higher propagation loss inside the human body as well as low-power requirement of the sensor nodes necessitate multi-hop communication for IWBAN. A IWBAN also requires meeting certain Quality of Service demands in terms of energy, delay, reliability etc. These pressing concerns engender the design of TRW-MAC: A thermal-aware receiver-driven wake-up radio enabled duty cycle MAC protocol for multi-hop IWBANs in Internet of Things. TRW-MAC introduces a thermal-aware duty cycle adjustment mechanism to reduce temperature inside the body and adopts wake-up radio (WuR) scheme for attaining higher energy efficiency. The protocol devises a wake-up estimation scheme to facilitate staggered wake-up schedule for multi-hop transmission. A superframe structure is introduced that utilizes both contention-based and contention free medium access operations. The performance of TRW-MAC is evaluated through simulations that exhibit its superior performance in attaining lower thermal-rise as well as satisfying other QoS metrics in terms of energy-efficiency, delay and reliability.
Nanoparticles and nanomaterials as inevitable modern toxic agents. Review. Part 1. Application of nanoparticles and occupational nanotoxicology
Authors: Ivlieva Alexandra L. , Zinicovscaia Inga , Petriskaya Elena N. , Rogatkin Dmitry A.
Published: June 2022

Almost every person in all spheres of activity is in contact with nanoparticles (NPs) worldwide. The use of NPs in medicine, everyday life, food industry, and many other areas is expanding. Therefore, in the 2010s, a new scientific direction, namely, nanosafety, was developed actively. The effects of contact with NPs on cells and tissues, including inflammation, development of oxidative stress, disruption of the DNA structure, apoptosis, and disruption of the functioning of tissues and organs, have been studied within the framework of the study of molecular and cellular toxicity. NPs with waste and emissions are carried by air, water, and soil, which then enter living organisms. The impact of NPs on ecosystems is assessed on the basis of their toxicity to the environment. NPs pose a significant danger to workers in production, where contact with NPs can be long and chronic. In occupational pathology, data are accumulated on NP-induced health problems and associated risk factors in workers in the nanotechnology industry. Given the abundance of NPs in human, expectant mothers and young children inevitably come into contact with them; therefore, studying the influence of NPs on the intrauterine and early development of offspring is an important area of research. The brain is a vulnerable place for exposure to NPs because of their ability to cross the bloodbrain barrier. Evidence of disturbances in the structure and functions of the brain in adults and young animals is found in all areas of research on the toxicity of NPs. Methods for assessing various aspects of behavior based on various brain functions, including cognition, can provide insights into the negative consequences of contact with NPs for high nervous activity. These results are described in detail and systematically in the presented review. However, such results need further research. In a number of studies, the toxic effect of NPs remains unclear. Furthermore, whether these situations can be used for protection against the toxic effects of NPs must be investigated.
Nanoparticles and nanomaterials as inevitable modern toxic agents. Review. Part 2. Main areas of research on toxicity and techniques to measure a content of nanoparticles in tissues
Authors: Ivlieva Alexandra L. , Zinicovscaia Inga , Petriskaya Elena N. , Rogatkin Dmitry A.
Published: June 2022

The second part of the review considers the following three main areas of research on the toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs): environmental toxicity, molecular mechanisms of toxicity, and reproductive toxicity. The studies carried out on aquatic and soil model organisms are described, with consideration of the effects of NPs in concentrations close to natural in water with different salinity, as well as in comparison with the effects of ions. The articles devoted to various aspects of NP-induced oxidative stress are listed, the estimations of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of NPs using different standard methods are described, and the currently known data on the formation of protein crowns around NPs are considered. Questions are stated about the dose-dependence of effects and the influence of the applied stabilizing coating. The influence of NPs on the prenatal and postnatal development of various model vertebrate species is considered, which includes morphological disturbances, changes in gene expression and in the behavior of grown animals, as well as the influence on the reproductive system in adult females and males. The main methods for the quantitative measurements of the content of NPs in biological samples are also considered as the necessary stage of research on the toxicity of NPs for humans and animals.
The influence of changes in the organization of medical care on the indicators of mental disorders in children
Authors: Volova Tatyana L. , Shelygin Kirill V. , Menshikova Larisa I. , Redko Andrey N.
Published: June 2022

AIM: This study aimed to assess the relationship between regulatory innovation strategy for changing the organization of medical care in children and adolescents and the dynamics of the incidence of mental and behavioral disorders in children aged 014 years.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The rate of chronicity was calculated as the ratio of the primary morbidity to the overall morbidity of mental and behavioral disorders. The presence of outliers (anomalous observations) in the series was determined using Irwins method, with n=11, cr=1.3. Mathematical apparatus: for the three analyzed series (primary, general morbidity, and chronicity coefficient), three mathematical models were built: one one-dimensional model and two with the introduction of dummy variables for orders No. 1346, No. 72n, No. 216n and order No. 1687n). The statistics of fit was compared between the one- dimensional model and each of the four models with dummy variables for the corresponding series. Moreover, their logarithmic values were used to reduce the variance of the series. Significance was assessed at p 0.05.
RESULTS: Evaluation of the analyzed series for the presence of anomalous observations revealed a similar trend in the Arkhangelsk region and NorthWest Federal District. In all regions, except for the Russian Federation, emissions were concentrated from 2015 to 2017. In 2010, national analysis revealed only one anomalous observation. Graphical analysis and analysis by Irwins method revealed similar trends with regard to abnormal observations of the dynamics of the coefficient of chronicity in the Arkhangelsk region and Northwestern Federal District, which confirmed the previously established dynamic trends in the general and primary morbidity in children aged 014 years. In addition, after 2015, the dynamic changes were most pronounced in the Arkhangelsk region.
CONCLUSIONS: No correlation was found among normative innovations for changing the organization of medical care among children and adolescents, changes in medical birth criteria, the dynamics of the incidence of mental disorders and behavioral disorders, indicators of the chronicity of this pathology in children aged 014 years, and mental and behavioral disorders in the Arkhangelsk region, Northwestern Federal District, and the Russian Federation in 20092019.