bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fundamentalisme Agama Sebagai Tantangan Bagi Negara
Authors: Daven Mathias
Published: May 2018

The 16 th Century Protestant Reformation, triggered by Martin Luther and fellow reformers, eventually resulted in violent conflicts between various Church movements and their individual political supporters.

These conflicts brought about a new awareness in the European peoples of the time, that the moralization of politics based on the truth of one religious group/Church always represents a clear threat to the life of a pluralistic society. The function of state politics is to guarantee life in peace together, with freedom and justice, among people who have differing religious convictions and who wish to establish a country together. On the contrary, religious fundamentalism is the greatest enemy of a country in so far as it attacks the principle of state secularism and fights for a return to state politics as an issue of “right or wrong”. To the extent that fundamentalism rejects the autonomy of the political system and enforces without compromise its own absolute truth on others, it is a clear threat to peace.

Keywords: Reformation, Church, Fundamentalism, State, Politics, Truth, Peace

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Reformasi Protestan pada abad XVI yang dipelopori Martin Luther dengan kawan-kawan berujung pada konflik peperangan antargereja yang berbeda dan masing-masing pendukung politisnya. Konflik tersebut memunculkan kesadaran baru dalam masyarakat modern Eropa kala itu bahwa moralisasi politik berdasarkan kebenaran iman suatu agama selalu merupakan ancaman nyata bagi kelangsungan masyarakat yang heterogen. Tugas politik kenegaraan ialah menjamin hidup bersama secara damai dalam kebebasan dan keadilan dari orang-orang yang mempunyai latar belakang keagamaan dan keyakinan yang berbeda dan bertekad membangun suatu negara bersama. Sebaliknya fundamentalisme agama merupakan musuh utama negara sejauh ia melabrak prinsip sekularitas negara serta mengembalikan politik kenegaraan sebagai perihal “benarsalah”. Sejauh fundamentalisme menolak otonomi sistem politik dan memaksakan tanpa kompromi kebenaran absolut yang diyakini pada pihak lain, ia merupakan ancaman nyata bagi perdamaian.

Kata-kata kunci: Reformasi, Gereja, Fundamentalisme, Negara, Politik, Kebenaran, Perdamaian
REFORMASI PANTEKOSTAL SEBAGAI PEREMAJAAN KEKRISTENAN PALING RADIKAL SEJAK PEMBARUAN JOHN CALVIN
Authors: Prior John Mansford
Published: May 2018

The Pentecostal Churches and Charismatic movements within the mainstream Churches are by far the fastest growing sectors of Christianity. In particular, migrants are attracted from their mainstream ecclesial roots to a myriad of Pentecostal communities in urban settings, to congregations that are small and welcoming, but also to the mega-Churches. This essay looks at key characteristics of urban migrants and the significant elements of the Pentecostal/charismatic communities that attract them as new members. Particular attention is given both to the evolving political dimension of these communities and to the “gender paradox” whereby women are more likely to join Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches where they discover a renewed dignity and identity while these very Churches are largely governed by men. Examples are given as diverse as that among Protestant urban migrants in mainland China, and Catholic domestic and international migrants within and from the Philippines. The essay concludes with an analysis that looks at the data as a reflection of modernity and its consequent challenge to mainstream Churches that have as yet failed to adapt.

Keywords: Pentecostal Church, Charismatic Movement, the immigrants,Chinese immigrants, migrant Filipino, gender paradox of modernity

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Gereja-gereja Pantekostal, juga gerakan Karismatik dalam Gereja-Gereja arus utama, merupakan sektor kekristenan yang sedang bertumbuh secara paling pesat. Secara khusus, para migran yang tercabut dari akarnya dalam Gereja mereka di tempat asal, mengarah ke komunitas-komunitas Pantekostal di daerahdaerah perkotaan, baik dalam jemaat-jemaat kecil, maupun dalam Gereja-Gereja mega. Esai ini memperlihatkan ciri-ciri kunci dari migran perkotaan dan unsur-unsur yang signifikan dari kalangan Pantakostal/ Karismatik yang menarik mereka sebagai anggota baru. Perhatian khusus diberikan kepada dimensi politik yang berkembang dan pada “paradoks gender” di mana perempuan lebih mungkin bergabung dalam Gereja Pantekostal/gerakan Karismatik, di mana mereka menemukan martabat dan jatidiri baru. Walau demikian, sebagian besar Gereja Pantekostal masih diatur oleh kaum lelaki. Beragam contoh ditampilkan, seperti yang terjadi di kalangan migran perkotaan Protestan di Cina daratan, dan juga di kalangan migran domestik dan internasional Katolik dari Filipina. Esai ini diakhiri dengan analisis yang memperlihatkan data yang mencerminkan modernitas, dan karena itu tantangan bagi GerejaGereja arus utama yang sampai kini gagal menghadapnya.

Kata-kata kunci: Gereja Pentakostal, Gerakan Karismatik, kaum perantau, perantau Cina, migran Filipina, gender paradoks, modernitas
Penafsiran Alkitab Dari Perspektif Dialog Profetis: Belajar Dari Sejarah
Authors: Jua Lukas
Published: May 2018

The progress of biblical interpretation today is the fruit of prophetic dialogue, a basic exegetical attitude shown especially since the Reformation, thanks to Martin Luther’s prophetic courage. He brought the Bible back to the centre of the Church’s life and to its function as its highest authority. Moreover, Luther also paved the way for developing historical-critical methods by revising patristic hermeneutics, emphasizing the literal sense over allegorical ones. Because prophetic dialogue was Luther’s basic perspective, much of his exegesis is still valid today. Modern exegetes interpret the Bible from a similar perspective, and as a result their interpretation promotes ecumenism and inter-religious dialogue. One important initiative is Scriptural Reasoning promoted by Jewish, Christian and Muslim exegetes.

Keywords: Reform, counter-reform, prophetic dialogue, critical attitude, courage, freedom, truth, authority, humanism, historicalcritical methods, synchronic approach

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Penafsiran Alkitab dari Perspektif Dialog Profetis:Belajar dari Sejarah. Kemajuan penafsiran Alkitab sekarang adalah buah dari dialog profetis sebagai sikap dasar yang ditunjukkan oleh para penafsir sejak awal Reformasi berkat keberanian profetis Luther. Dia mengembalikan Alkitab ke tempat sentral kehidupan Gereja dan menjadikannya sebagai otoritas tertinggi. Lebih dari itu, Luther juga membuka jalan bagi perkembangan penafsiran historis kritis, dengan membuat revisi atas hermeneutik patristik, dengan mengutamakan arti literal dari pada arti alegoris. Banyak hasil penelitian masih berlaku sampai sekarang karena sikap dasar dialog profetis ini. Umumnya para ekseget modern menafsir Alkitab menurut perspektif ini, sehingga penafsiran mereka memajukan ekumene, dan dialog antaragama. Salah satu inisiatif penting yang patut disebut Scriptural Reasoning yang digalakkan penafsir Yahudi, Kristen dan Islam.

Kata-kata kunci:
SURAT YAKOBUS KEPADA MUSYAWARAH PARIPURNA IAMS DI SEOUL
Authors: Temez Elsa
Published: May 2018

In his classic study of mission, David Bosch (1991) outlined three biblical paradigms of mission from Matthew, Luke and Paul. In this essay, the author proposes a further paradigm drawn from the Letter of James. James is viewed as a circular written for Jewish-Christian migrant communities to encourage them towards a mission ad intra and intra gentes. James makes six calls to radical conversion: he strenghtens the readers’ hope as they struggle against overwhelming odds, he then calls for conversion against greed and against ambition and power struggles, exhorting them not to be seduced by the values of society, and so leave behind their friendship with the world; he finally calls for faithcoherence. The essay concludes with four applications of the “James Paradigm” for the renewal of mission witness among Christians today.

Keywords: Epistle of James, the paradigm of an internal mission,repentance, characterististics of James’ mission, consistent faith

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Surat Yakobus kepada Musyawarah Paripurna IAMS di Seoul. David J.Bosch, dalam buku klasiknya Transformasi Misi Kristen, menganalisis tiga sumber Alkitab dalam Perjanjian Baru (Matius, Lukas, dan Paulus) guna merumuskan tiga paradigma misioner yang berasal dari ketiganya. Di dalam esai ini penulis menampilkan paradigma Surat Yakobus. Yakobus menyajikan segi-segi yang tidak tampak dalam ketiga paradigma di atas, yang dianggap relevan dengan situasi kita saat ini. Artikel menyimpulkan empat aplikasi pandangan Yakobus dalam rangka pembaruan kesaksian misi Kristen dewasa ini.

Kata-kata kunci: Surat Rasul Yakobus, paradigma misi internal,pertobatan, ciri-ciri misi Yakobus, iman konsisten
MICHEL FOUCAULT: KUASA VERSUS RASIONALITAS MODERNIS (REVALUASI DIRI SECARA KONTINU)
Authors: Kebung Konrad
Published: May 2018

This paper presents Michel Foucault’s thoughts on historical

events in the past as they impact on the constitution of the self in the

present. Thus, Foucault is known as an historian of the present. An

expert in the history of the system of thought, he analyses how people

thought and behaved throughout the history of philosophy from the

Rennaisance to the classical period (17 th-18 in Foucault’s classification) and onto the 20thth

century. As a postmodernist (and post-structuralist)

thinker, he critiques modern rationality based mainly on the ego, subject,

and consciousness, as passed down to present day thinking by René

Descartes. He analyses critically this exclusive rationality and confronts

it with his notion of discourse. This paper also presents ways of reading

important historical events which were, and are, influential in human

life in line with Foucault’s criticism.

Keywords: Foucault, philosopy, discourse, subject, etict

Artikel ini menyajikan pemikiran Michel tentang peristiwa

sejarah masa lalu yang berguna bagi manusia pada masa sekarang. Foucault

secara khusus dikenal sebagai sejarawan masa kini. Sebagai ahli dalam

sejarah sistem pemikiran, Foucault menganalisis cara orang berpikir

dan berperilaku sepanjang sejarah filsafat dimulai dari era Rennaisance,

periode klasik (abad XVII-XVIII dalam klasifikasi Foucault), hingga

abad XX. Sebagai pemikir posmodernis (dan postrukturalis), Foucault

mengajukan kritik terhadap rasionalitas modern yang didasarkan

atas ego, subjek, dan kesadaran, yang diwariskan sampai saat ini oleh

René Descartes. Dia menganalisis secara kritis rasionalitas eksklusif

ini dan menghadapkannya dengan gagasan wacana. Artikel ini juga

menyajikan cara untuk membaca semua peristiwa sejarah yang penting

dan berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan manusia sesuai dengan kritik

Foucault.

Kata-kata kunci: Foucault, filsafat , diskursus, subjek, etika
Editorial
Authors: Kirchberger George Ludwig
Published: May 2018

SERATUS TAHUN SESUDAH

PERANG DUNIA PERTAMA
REFLEKSI ATAS REALITAS DAN PARADIGMA MASALAH SAMPAH | REFLECTION ABOUT REALITY AND PARADIGM PROBLEMS OF TRASH
Authors: Ningsih Agustina Utami
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Human activities always produce trash. The amount

of trash continues to grow in line with population growth and

technological developments. Trash has become an environmental

crisis due to a lack of awareness and in Indonesia little serious

effort has been made to process trash properly. The importance of

a serious effort of trash management and self-development as a real

human being is nothing other than a struggle to restore harmony

between Creator, human beings, and the whole of creation. This

paper reflects on the reality of trash as well as taking up the views

and habits of people who are little concerned about handling

trash although they already feel the adverse impact of trash on

the environment. This study analyses data and the information

obtained through observation of the trash problem, supported by

data from written sources .

Keywords: Trash, environment, human development, ecological

repentance

Abstrak: Kegiatan manusia selalu menghasilkan sampah.

Peningkatan jumlah sampah terus bertambah seiring dengan

pertambahan penduduk dan perkembangan teknologi. Sampah

telah menjadi krisis lingkungan hidup karena kurangnya

kesadaran dan belum seriusnya usaha pengolahan sampah dengan

tepat. Pentingnya upaya serius pengolahan sampah yang tepat

dan pengembangan diri sebagai manusia sejati adalah upaya

mengembalikan harmoni antara Pencipta, manusia, dan semua

ciptaan. Tulisan ini ingin merefleksikan realitas keberadaan

sampah serta pandangan dan kebiasaan masyarakat yang kurang

peduli terhadap penanganan sampah. Kajian ini dilakukan

dengan metode interpretatif, yang menafsirkan dan memberi arti

kepada data dan informasi yang didapatkan, berdasarkan dengan

pengamatan masalah sampah dan keadaan faktual yang terjadi di

dalam kebiasaan masyarakat terhadap sampah, didukung dengan

fakta dari sumber literatur sebagai data dan informasi.

Kata-kata kunci: sampah, lingkungan, pengembangan manusia,

pertobatan ekologi
TB-HIV : Therapeutic challenge from two deadly comrades
Authors: Khanam Rawshan Arra
Published: May 2018

Abstract not availableBangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 1-2
A comparative study on prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia using endotracheal tube with or without intermittent subglottic secretion drainage device
Authors: Asaduzzaman Mohammad , Faruq Mohammad Omar , Ahsan ASM Areef , Fatema Kaniz , Ahmed Fatema , Mallick Uzzwal Kumar , Sultana Amina , Islam Md Motiul , Azam Silfat , Kabir Masud , Ferdous Jannatul
Published: May 2018

Context: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) causes substantial morbidity and mortality. The influence of intermittent subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) in preventing VAP has been supported by literature studies.Objective: To find out the effectiveness of subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) on prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) using endotracheal tube with subglottic secretion drainage (ETT-SSD).Methodology: This study was carried out in the 10 beded medical-care Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of BIRDEM Hospital, Dhaka over a period of one and half year, enrolling 48 subjects. Patients expected to require mechanical ventilation (MV) for more than >48 hrs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: one was ventilated with ETT-SSD and the other with conventional endotracheal tube (ETT-C).Results: Primary outcome was the overall incidence of VAP based on quantitative culture of distal pulmonary samplings performed after each clinical suspicion. Other outcomes included incidence of early and late onset VAP, duration of MV, duration of ICU stay and in hospital mortality. Microbiologically confirmed VAP occurred in 23 patients, 6 of 24 (25%) in the SSD group and 17 of 24 (70.83%) in the control group.Conclusion: The use of an ETT with intermittent SSD in a patient on MV helps to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 7-15
Prediction of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis by transient elastography and aspartate aminotransferase - to - platelet ratio index (APRI)
Authors: Sarkar Debashis Kumar , Azam Golam , Haque Majharul , Rahman Anisur
Published: May 2018

Background: Cirrhosis is a chronic liver disease that can be caused by almost all progressive liver injuries, such as viral, autoimmune, hereditary, metabolic and toxin mediated liver diseases. Esophageal varix (EV) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Although the survival rate of patients with bleeding cirrhosis has improved because of the progress in variceal hemorrhage management, the hospital mortality rate is still around 14.5% cases. Early detection of EV in all patients with liver cirrhosis is required in order to reduce the mortality.Method: This observational study was done at department of Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Disorders (GHPD), BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, during the period of August 2015 to October 2016. A total of 65 patients with cirrhosis of liver were included. Complete blood count, liver function test, endoscopy of upper GIT, ultrasonography, transient elastogram were done for all patients. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 22.Result: The study included 65 cirrhotic patients, among them 66.2 % were male. The mean age was 53.8 years. For predicting EVs, transient elastography at a cutoff value of 18 kpa demonstrated a sensitivity was 88.7% (95% CI=82.3-92.7), specificity 75.0% (95% CI=46.9-92.6), PPV 94.0% (95% CI=87.2-98.2), NPV 60.0% (95% CI= 37.5 -74.0), AUC was 0.769. In APRI for prediction of EVs at cutoff value 1.00, sensitivity was 63.3% (95% CI=55.6-65.4), specificity 83.3.0% (95% CI=53.7-97.0), PPV 94.3% (95% CI=84.1-99.0), NPV 33.3% (95%CI=21.5-38.8) and AUC was 0.779.Conclusion: A significant positive correlation found between transient elastography with EVs in cirrhotic patients. Liver stiffness value at 18 Kpa can predict EVs in cirrhotic patients. On contrary, APRI had a less(negative predictive value) NPV that showed there is no satisfactory cutoff value for APRI to be used as a predictor of EVs.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 16-21
Is low total cholesterol associated with primary intracerebral hemorrhage in Bangladeshi population?
Authors: Kibria Md Anwarul , Hassanuzzaman Md , Kayasthagir Pradip Kumar , Karim Md Rabiul , Rahman Asifur , Obaida Abu Saleh Mohammad Abu , Ahmed Zaman , Babul Mahfujur Rahman , Azam Akramul , Faruk Md Golam
Published: May 2018

Background: This study was carried out to see the association of the low total cholesterol level with primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) in Bangladeshi population.Materials and Methods: This was a case–control study carried out in the department of Neurology, Chittagong Medical College and Hospital from January 2013 to December 2013. Total of 132 patients were enrolled where 67 patients of hemorrhagic stroke were in the experimental group and 65 age and sex matched persons were in the control group. Low total cholesterol was designated as level less than 200mg/dl. Data were analyzed and compared by SPSS version 19.Results:The proportion of ICH patients with low total cholesterol was significantly higher than the controls (74.6% vs. 32.3%). Mean total cholesterol was also significantly low in ICH patients compared with controls (180 mg/dL vs. 217 mg/dl; P-value = 0.001). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides were also significantly low in ICH patients compared with controls. Mean LDL-c in the ICH patient group was 106 mg/dL, whereas it was 128.5 mg/dL in the control group (P-value = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in both groups. Although lower mean cholesterol was seen in both young and older individuals in the ICH group than in controls, the difference was significant only in the older group (age >60 years). In multivariate analysis, odds ratio of low cholesterol in the hemorrhage cases was 6.03 (95% CI = 2.1–16.059) which was adjusted other risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke.Conclusions: The inference of this study is that, there is an increased risk of primary ICH associated with low total cholesterol, especially in older individuals.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 26-30
Blood Transfusion in the Critically Ill Patient
Authors: George Jacob Pulinilkunnathil , Myatra Sheila Nainan
Published: May 2018

Anaemia is commonly seen in the intensive care unit and is a cause of increased morbidity in the critically ill patients. Blood transfusion seems to be the physiological solution for anaemia, however it is not without complications and associated risks, questioning the benefit of packed red blood cell transfusion in this population. Physiological thresholds for transfusion seem to be an interesting concept, but currently lack evidence. The transfusion trigger across most populations favours a restrictive strategy for packed red blood cell transfusion, with the exception of some subgroups. Despite the presence of storage lesions in old blood, evidence suggest that the freshest available blood, does not fare better than the oldest available blood from the blood bank. This article is a review of the current evidence with blood transfusion practices in the critically ill patients.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 40-46
Chronic Eosinophillic Leukemia presenting as Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Faruq Ridwan Naim , An noor Anika , Musa AKM , Dipta Tashmim
Published: May 2018

Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia (CEL) is a rare form of chronic myeloproliferative disorder of unknown etiology with no data on its true incidence. The disease has a wide variety of manifestations. Literature search has not shown peripheral neuropathy as the only presentation of CEL. Our case is probably the first such report case. Here we are reporting a 45 year old male patient who presented with progressive weakness of upper and lower limbs for 6 months and weight loss for 2 months. Neurological examination revealed findings consistent with bilateral sensorimotor polyneuropathy later confirmed by nerve conduction studies. Complete blood count revealed total wbc count – 51, 870/mm3, eosinophil – 62.1% (32,315/mm3). Peripheral Blood film revealed eosinophilic leucocytosis. Superficial peroneal nerve biopsy showed mild perivascular infiltration with inflammatory cells. No granuloma or malignancy was seen. Bone Marrow examination showed hyperactive granulopoiesis with predominance of eosinophil series with progressive maturation along with presence of myeolcytes, hypersegmented eosinophils and giant eosinophils. Blast cell was around 7%. Patient was treated with imatinib and prednisolone which showed excellent response.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 47-49
Superior Mesenteric venous thrombosis in a patient with protein C deficiency
Authors: Hossain Tamzeed , Munny Nazmun Nahar , Niger Chowdhury Rifat , Hossain Arman , Khanam Rawshan Arra , Begum Afsana
Published: May 2018

Mesenteric venous thrombosis causing small-bowel infarction is an extremely rare cause of acute abdomen and often difficult to diagnose. Both congenital and acquired causes are responsible. Protein C deficiency is a rare genetic abnormality that predisposes the patient to thrombophilia and leads to thrombosis, often at unusual sites. It mimics clinically with many differentials.1 This paper presents a case of superior mesenteric venous thrombosis caused by protein C deficiency, which is a rare disease. A 68-year-old foreigner female presented with complaints of constant, diffuse abdominal pain of 7 days associated with nausea, vomiting, and anorexia. Even with all sorts of conservative management, pain was not subsiding. Contrasted computed tomography of the abdomen revealed SMV thrombosis. Immediate anticoagulant was started & hypercoagulability workup revealed protein C deficiency. It is concluded that the mesenteric venous thrombosis might be caused by underlying protein C deficiency, while protein S and antithrombin III levels were normal.Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 50-53
A case of tension pneumocephalus with Mount Fuji sign
Authors: Sultana Amina , Rahman Mir Atiqur , Faruq Mohammad Omar , Haque Mohammad Ashraful , Rahman Kazi Taimur , Mahmud Chowdhury Asif
Published: May 2018

Abstract not availableBangladesh Crit Care J March 2018; 6(1): 57-59
Dietary salt regulates ubiquitination and urinary excretion of Na-Cl cotransporter
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zakir Hossain , Sohara Eisei , Uchida Shinichi
Published: May 2018

Background: Membranous localization of NCC is mandatory for its function at distal convoluted tubule. Post-translational modification like phosphorylation and ubiquitination are important for various membrane proteins for their membranous localization. It has previously been reported that phosphorylation of NCC increased its membranous localization. We previously reported, low salt diet increased and high salt diet decreased expression and phosphorylation of NCC in kidney.Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether ubiquitination is involved in the mechanisms of NCC regulation by dietary salt.Materials & Methods: We examined ubiquitination and urinary excretion of NCC from mice fed with low-, regular- and high-salt diet. Study was done at Tokyo Medical and Dental University,during the period of January, 2013 to March, 2013.Results: We found that, high salt diet increased and low salt diet decreased ubiquitination of NCC, correlated well with their total NCC abundance in kidney. Urinary excretion of exosomal NCC was increased both under low and high salt diet.Conclusion: These results clearly indicated that dietary salt regulates ubiquitination of Na-Cl cotransporter and its urinary excretion.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-1, April 2018, Page 2-5
Fluorocyclisation via I(I)/I(III) catalysis: a concise route to fluorinated oxazolines
Authors: Scheidt Felix , Thiehoff Christian , Yilmaz Gülay , Meyer Stephanie , Daniliuc Constantin G , Kehr Gerald , Gilmour Ryan
Published: May 2018

Herein, we describe a catalytic fluorooxygenation of readily accessible N-allylcarboxamides via an I(I)/I(III) manifold to generate 2-oxazolines containing a fluoromethyl group. Catalysis is conditional on the oxidation competence of Selectfluor®, whilst HF serves as both a fluoride source and Brønsted acid activator. The C(sp3)–F bond of the mono-fluoromethyl unit and the C(sp3)–O bond of the ring are aligned in a synclinal relationship thereby engaging in stabilising hyperconjugative interactions with vicinal, electron-rich σ-bonds (σC–C→σ*C–F and σC–H→σ*C–O). This manifestation of the stereoelectronic gauche effect was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis of a representative example. Given the importance of fluorine in drug discovery, its ability to modulate conformation, and the prevalence of the 2-oxazoline scaffold in Nature, this strategy provides a rapid entry into an important bioisostere class.
Atmospheric Seasonality as an Exoplanet Biosignature
Authors: Olson Stephanie L. , Schwieterman Edward W. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Ridgwell Andy , Kane Stephen R. , Meadows Victoria S. , Lyons Timothy W.
Published: May 2018

Current investigations of exoplanet biosignatures have focused on static evidence of life, such as the presence of biogenic gases like O2 or CH4. However, the expected diversity of terrestrial planet atmospheres and the likelihood of both “false positives” and “false negatives” for conventional biosignatures motivate exploration of additional life detection strategies, including time-varying signals. Seasonal variation in atmospheric composition is a biologically modulated phenomenon on Earth that may occur elsewhere because it arises naturally from the interplay between the biosphere and time-variable insolation. The search for seasonality as a biosignature would avoid many assumptions about specific metabolisms and provide an opportunity to directly quantify biological fluxes—allowing us to characterize, rather than simply recognize, biospheres on exoplanets. Despite this potential, there have been no comprehensive studies of seasonality as an exoplanet biosignature. Here, we provide a foundation for further studies by reviewing both biological and abiological controls on the magnitude and detectability of seasonality of atmospheric CO2, CH4, O2, and O3 on Earth. We also consider an example of an inhabited world for which atmospheric seasonality may be the most notable expression of its biosphere. We show that life on a low O2 planet like the weakly oxygenated mid-Proterozoic Earth could be fingerprinted by seasonal variation in O3 as revealed in its UV Hartley–Huggins bands. This example highlights the need for UV capabilities in future direct-imaging telescope missions (e.g., LUVOIR/HabEx) and illustrates the diagnostic importance of studying temporal biosignatures for exoplanet life detection/characterization.
Levantamento bibliográfico de trabalhos apresentados no ENEQ e ENPEC com a temática tabela periódica
Authors: Wesley Candeu Ramos Luara , Da Silva Borges Larissa Caroline , Ghiraldi Thanile Andressa , Suart Júnior José Bento
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho analisa qualitativamente a temática Tabela Periódica nos anais de congresso: Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Química (ENEQ) e Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC), a partir dos anos 2000 até 2016. A investigação pretende averiguar as temáticas que mobilizaram o interesse dos pesquisadores, para que assim, este trabalho, sirva de subsídio na construção de uma sequência didática, a qual será aplicada pelos alunos do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), Subprojeto Química, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, cujas atividades desenvolvidas tem a finalidade de incentivar a formação e a capacitação dos alunos, por meio da reflexão sobre a prática pedagógica. Como categorias de análise dos trabalhos levantados foram utilizadas as linhas temáticas do ENEQ, dado a maior parte do material de análise desta pesquisa pertencer a este evento. A partir dos resultados apresentados é possível identificar a associação da temática Tabela Periódica à atividades lúdicas, assim como a materiais didáticos para o ensino de química, objetivando a motivação e o interesse dos alunos em aprender ciência, o que favorece o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Observa-se, ainda, um aumento significativo das produções no decorrer dos anos, sendo que no ENEQ de 2016 a quantidade de trabalhos é superior às demais edições dos eventos analisados.
A experimentação investigativa no ensino de química: construindo uma torre de líquidos
Authors: Baldaquim Matheus Junior , Proença Amanda Oliveira , Santos Mateus Carneiro Guimarães do , Figueiredo Márcia Camilo , Silveira Marcelo Pimentel da
Published: May 2018

É extensa a literatura que aponta as razões das dificuldades de assimilação dos conceitos por parte dos alunos. A apresentação dos conceitos muitas vezes os torna abstratos e desvinculados da realidade, o que pode causar desinteresse em aprender. Assim, essa pesquisa tem por objetivo a aplicação de estratégias capazes de superar esse desinteresse, estimulando os alunos a se envolverem com a atividade, criando hipóteses e questionamentos sobre os fenômenos estudados. Para isso, utilizamos a prática investigativa. A atividade foi realizada em uma turma de primeiro ano do Ensino Médio com base na metodologia proposta por Delizoicov, Angotti e Pernambuco (2002), os três momentos pedagógicos, denominados problematização inicial, organização do conhecimento e aplicação do conhecimento. A partir disso, pode-se verificar as dificuldades dos alunos no primeiro momento e estimulá-los a evoluir no segundo e terceiro momento, comprovando a importância dessa abordagem no Ensino de Química. Faz-se importante enfatizar que o professor deve ser incentivado e preparado para que as ações sejam efetivas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem.
Análise das percepções de estudantes do Ensino médio sobre o filme:"O Céu de Outubro"
Authors: Ludvig Daiane Thais , Patareck Bruna , Machado Kliemann Claudia Regina , Fortuna Caroline , Da Silva Daiany Helscher
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo apresenta uma atividade realizada com estudantes do 3° Ano do Ensino Médio sobre o filme “O Céu de Outubro”. Esse filme retrata o empenho de estudantes de uma pequena cidade que se dedicam na construção de um foguete, a fim de serem selecionados para a feira de ciências. Na atividade, os estudantes analisam criticamente aspectos/contextos abordados no enredo do filme. O trabalho realizado teve como objetivo propor aos estudantes uma análise crítica dos contextos familiares, políticos, históricos, sociais e a atividade científica voltada para a feira de ciências apresentados no filme, utilizando a proposta apresentada no artigo de Eduardo Fleury Mortimer e de Phil Scott, que propõe uma ferramenta para analisar as intervenções e as intenções no discurso do professor em sala de aula. O método de análise forneceu subsídios para inferir que o bom andamento da discussão do filme depende das intervenções do professor, o qual medeia o discurso para a intenção e o foco desejado, explorando a visão dos estudantes sobre os contextos apontados no filme.
Uma forma de espanto – pensando uma aula de química com o seriado televisivo Breaking Bad
Authors: Fary Bruna Adriane , Oliveira Moisés Alves de
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho analisa, pelo viés da etnografia virtual, uma aula de química no seriado televisivo Breaking Bad (2008). A análise tem como foco de interesse discutir como a química pode ser pensada por uma ótica cultural, isto é, enxergando a ciência como resultado das relações humanas e não como um conhecimento imutável, essencializado. Nesse sentido, buscamos criar espantos com o ensino de química que emerge dentro do primeiro episódio do seriado televisivo, que aborda uma aula sobre “o que é química” e realizar desdobramentos desse episódio para um ensino que preze por alunos experimentadores e criadores de suas próprias práticas educacionais. Os resultados da etnografia virtual que realizamos, nos mostraram que a crença em uma essência universal e, também, a possibilidade que as palavras oferecem para que possamos enunciar a verdade de alguma essência, das ciências, em especial da “química”, transformam a linguagem que utilizamos em uma espécie de metafísica – átomo, energia, elétron –, constituindo a base da fabricação do conhecimento científico. A maneira como a aula de química é conduzida nesse recorte do episódio, presta reverência a uma química estratificada, que parece não se vascularizar no coletivo, nos desejos dos alunos e, portanto, o silêncio, dos discentes, pode ser uma forma de resistência.
Educação química e pensamento latouriano: uma possível articulação
Authors: Dal Bosco Rezzadori Cristiane Beatriz , Alves de Oliveira Moisés
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo traçar uma possível articulação entre o pensamento latouriano e a prática e pesquisa no campo da educação química a fim de oferecer um subsídio a-epistemológico e heterogêneo para multiplicar e matizar a gama de olhares e abordagens investigativas nesta área. Como este pensamento não é de uso habitual, ao menos entre educadores químicos, inicialmente foram expostos alguns conceitos-chave do trabalho latouriano para habilitar o seu diálogo com a educação química. Posteriormente, com base nos conceitos apresentados, a seguinte possibilidade de contribuição do pensamento do filósofo às investigações na área da educação química foi delineada: a recuperação do papel dos actantes não humanos no processo educacional ao lhes devolver o reconhecimento de sua agência e mediação. Pensar a educação química a partir desta articulação permite passar ao largo da visão epistemológica de que qualquer atividade seja defendida com base em sua produção conceitual e teórica, em suas verdades encaradas como prontas e acabadas. Ao invés disso, pretende-se considerá-la como uma prática de mediação que ocorre nas micropolíticas que estão em jogo e requerem um gasto energético de uma série de coisas conectadas e agenciadas por entidades que mobilizam recursos a fim de instaurá-la e de mantê-la dentro da rede a que pertence. Esse olhar abre um leque de possibilidades de investigação em direção à heterogênese das práticas educacionais.
A mobilização de saberes a partir do uso de diferentes materiais didáticos no contexto do PIBID
Authors: Costa Franciellen Rodrigues da Silva , Camargo Sérgio , Silva Camila Silveira da
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo faz parte de uma dissertação que teve por objetivo investigar quais possíveis contribuições são percebidas por futuros professores de Química acerca de um estudo dirigido com diferentes materiais didáticos no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação a Docência (PIBID). O desenvolvimento da pesquisa ocorreu em 2014, onde foram acompanhadas as atividades realizadas pelos bolsistas nas reuniões internas e atividades nas escolas parceiras ao projeto, os quais utilizaram de diversos materiais com potencialidades didáticas para o Ensino de Química. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como qualitativa e sua coleta de dados envolveu a transcrição dos áudios das entrevistas com oito sujeitos do grupo. Os dados foram analisados com base na Metodologia de Análise de Conteúdo, possibilitando identificar contribuições no processo formativo dos futuros professores a partir do uso de diferentes materiais didáticos. Os resultados apontaram para mobilização de saberes, os quais incluem saber preparar e dirigir atividades na medida em que o conhecimento da diversidade de recursos e fundamentação teórica corrobora para inserção dos materiais as práticas de ensino. O outro saber evidenciado na pesquisa trata-se do saber selecionar os materiais didáticos, onde o professor precisa estar atento aos critérios e recomendações para inserir os materiais em um planejamento coerente com os objetivos de ensino.
Queijos análogos ao Boursin: produção, composição nutricional e aceitação sensorial
Authors: Alves da Cunha Mário Antônio , Almeida da Rosa Arminda , Queiroz Santos Vidiany Aparecida
Published: May 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver três formulações de queijo análogo ao Boursin condimentado com diferentes especiarias (tomate seco, páprica ou açafrão) e avaliar a qualidade microbiológica, composição nutricional e aceitação. Os parâmetros microbiológicos analisados foram coliformes, Salmonella spp. e Sthaphylococcus coagulase positiva. Os parâmetros físico-químicos incluíram a determinação de proteínas, gordura, umidade, resíduo mineral, densidade, acidez, estrato seco total e desengordurado, testes de peroxidase e fosfatase e conteúdos de cálcio, potássio, zinco e cobre. Teste afetivo usando escala hedônica e teste de intenção de compra foram empregados na avaliação sensorial. Os atributos avaliados foram aparência, sabor, odor, consistência e impressão global. Os queijos apresentaram qualidade microbiológica condizente com a legislação e elevados conteúdos de proteínas (@10.6 g/100g) e minerais (Ca: @4,8 mg/g, K: @2,4 mg/g). Foram classificados como queijos de muita alta umidade (> 55g/100g) e como semigordos (29 g/100g), apresentando 41% menos gordura que o Boursin tradicional. Os queijos apresentaram elevada aceitação sensorial, com destaque para a formulação contendo tomate seco. A produção de queijo análogo ao Boursin por pequenos laticínios pode ser uma boa estratégia para agregar valor à cadeia produtiva do leite, considerando a simplicidade do processo de produção e a boa aceitação do produto.
Violence Management in a Nigerian Psychiatric Facility: Psychiatric–Mental Health Nurses' Current Practices and Their Effectiveness
Authors: Oyelade Oyeyemi Olajumoke , Ayandiran Emmanuel Olufemi
Published: May 2018

Patient violence in mental health care settings is daunting and stressful, as well as increasingly burdensome for professionals in low/middle income countries, specifically Africa. Patient violence has contributed to increased work hazards for health care professionals and may lead to patients being sedated or restrained, potentially resulting in injury to either the patient or provider. The current study assessed Nigerian psychiatric–mental health nurses' current practices of violence management in a hospital in Southwest Nigeria. A qualitative approach, specifically focus group discussion, was used. Results of the study show that patients and providers are prone to maltreatment. Professionals desire involvement of armed military officials to combat acts of violence by psychiatric patients who take advantage of nurses' gender, inexperience, or being lonely on duty, as well as the time of day, to attack nurses. Professionals have reportedly died in the process of violence management. Intervention studies on violence management in African mental health care settings are a priority for future research. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(11), 37–45.]
Longitudinal Effects of Activities, Social Environment, and Psychotropic Medication Use on Behavioral Symptoms of Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease in Nursing Homes
Authors: Inventor Ben R. , Farran Carol J. , Paun Olimpia , Cothran Fawn , Rajan Kumar , Swantek Sandra S. , McCann Judith J.
Published: May 2018

A secondary data analysis of 25,560 minutes of structured clinical observations from a longitudinal study examined the impact of time-varying background factors, social environment, and psychotropic medication use on behavioral symptoms of nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Data were collected at baseline (
N
= 177), 12 months (
N
= 138), and 24 months (
N
= 111). Mixed-effects regression modeling showed that at 24 months: (a) higher cognitive and physical function and having a private bedroom/bathroom had the most positive influence on resident positive behaviors; (b) use of antipsychotic medications and solitary activities had the most negative influence on resident positive behaviors; (c) higher cognitive function significantly decreased negative behaviors; and (d) care-related activities and total number of psychotropic medications significantly increased negative behaviors. The current study describes risk factors for behavioral disturbances and the impact of activities, social environment, and psychotropic medications on behavioral outcomes in nursing home residents with AD. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 56
(11), 18–26.]
ÖLÇME DEĞİŞMEZLİĞİ ve ÇOKLU GRUP ANALİZLERİ
Authors: BAYRAM Nuran
Published: May 2018

Yapılan çalışmalarda bireylerin tutum veya algılarını ölçmek için geliştirilen ölçeklerin psikometrik niteliklerinin ölçeğin uygulanacağı tüm gruplarda (cinsiyete, sosyo - ekonomik durum, etnik köken vb) değişmezliğinin test edilmesi önemlidir. Çünkü geliştirilen bir ölçeğin tüm gruplarda aynı özelliği ölçtüğü varsayılır. Bu varsayım altında yapılan karşılaştırma ve analizlerin doğruluğu anlamlı olur. Eğer bu durum gerçekleşmezse o zaman yapılan analiz ve karşılaştırmalar anlamlılığını kaybedecektir. Bu nedenle öncelikle çalışmalarda kullanılacak ölçeklerin gruplarda ölçme değişmezliğini sağlayıp sağlamadığı test edilmelidir. Bu çalışmada doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik modellemesi uygulamalarında ölçme eşdeğerliliğinin nasıl sağlandığı konusu ele alınmıştır.
Deontolojik Adalet: Örgütteki Kültüre l Bağlamın Etkisi
Authors: YAZICI Nihal , YÜRÜR Senay
Published: May 2018

Bu çalışmayla, çalışanların örgüt kültürü algılarının deontolojik adalet algıları üzerinde nasıl bir etkisinin olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Birey-örgüt uyumu kuramı, örgüt kültürü algısı ve örgütsel adalet arasındaki ilişkinin kuramsal temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Yalova ilinde faaliyet gösteren özel sektör ve kamu kurum çalışanları üzerinde nicel bir araştırma yürütülmüştür. Yapılan regresyon analizleri sonucunda, çalışanların hiyerarşi ve pazar kültürü algısının deontolojik adalet algıları üzerinde olumlu etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Ex Vivo Antimalarial Activities of Artesunate–Amodiaquine and Artemisinin–Piperaquine in Healthy Volunteers for Preselection Malaria Therapy
Authors: Quang Nguyen Ngoc , Chavchich Marina , Anh Chu Xuan , Birrell Geoffrey W. , van Breda Karin , Travers Thomas , Rowcliffe Kerryn , Edstein Michael D.
Published: May 2018

The pharmacokinetics (PK) and ex vivo activity (pharmacodynamics [PD]) of two artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) (artemisinin–piperaquine [ARN–PPQ] [Artequick®] and artesunate–amodiaquine [ARS–AQ] [Coarsucam™]) in healthy Vietnamese volunteers were compared following 3-day courses of the ACTs for the preselection of the drugs for falciparum malaria therapy. For PK analysis, serial plasma samples were collected from two separate groups of 22 volunteers after ACT administration. Of these volunteers, ex vivo activity was assessed in plasma samples from seven volunteers who received both ACTs. The area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–∞) was 3.6-fold higher for dihydroartemisinin (active metabolite of ARS) than that for ARN, whereas the AUC0–∞ of desethylamodiaquine (active metabolite of AQ) was 2.0-fold lower than that of PPQ. Based on the 50% inhibitory dilution values of the volunteers’ plasma samples collected from 0.25 to 3 hours after the last dose, the ex vivo activity of ARS–AQ was 2.9- to 16.2-fold more potent than that of ARN–PPQ against the drug-sensitive D6 Plasmodium falciparum line. In addition, at 1.5, 4.0, and 24 hours after the last dose, the ex vivo activity of ARS–AQ was 20.8-, 3.5-, and 8.5-fold more potent than that of ARN–PPQ against the ARN-sensitive MRA1239 line. By contrast, at 1.5 hours, the ex vivo activity of ARS–AQ was 5.4-fold more active than that of ARN–PPQ but had similar activities at 4 and 24 hours against the ARN-resistant MRA1240 line. The PK–PD data suggest that ARS–AQ possesses superior antimalarial activity than that of ARN–PPQ and would be the preferred ACT for further in vivo efficacy testing in multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria areas.
Mass spectrometric measurement of hydrogen isotope fractionation for the reactions of chloromethane with OH and Cl
Authors: Keppler Frank , Bahlmann Enno , Greule Markus , Schöler Heinz Friedrich , Wittmer Julian , Zetzsch Cornelius
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Chloromethane (CH3Cl) is an important provider of chlorine to the
stratosphere but detailed knowledge of its budget is missing. Stable isotope
analysis is a potentially powerful tool to constrain CH3Cl flux
estimates. The largest degree of isotope fractionation is expected to occur
for deuterium in CH3Cl in the hydrogen abstraction reactions with its
main sink reactant tropospheric OH and its minor sink reactant Cl atoms. We
determined the isotope fractionation by stable hydrogen isotope analysis of
the fraction of CH3Cl remaining after reaction with hydroxyl and
chlorine radicals in a 3.5 m3 Teflon smog chamber at 293 ± 1 K.
We measured the stable hydrogen isotope values of the unreacted CH3Cl
using compound-specific thermal conversion isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
The isotope fractionations of CH3Cl for the reactions with hydroxyl and
chlorine radicals were found to be -264±45 and -280±11 ‰, respectively. For comparison, we performed similar
experiments using methane (CH4) as the target compound with OH and
obtained a fractionation constant of -205±6 ‰ which is in good
agreement with values previously reported. The observed large kinetic isotope
effects are helpful when employing isotopic analyses of CH3Cl in the
atmosphere to improve our knowledge of its atmospheric budget.