bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Markers of Territorial Identity in Melitopol, Ukraine
Authors: Bukrieieva Iryna , Afanasieva Lyudmila
Published: May 2022

This article is about the territorial identity of the inhabitants of Melitopol, Ukraine. It focuses on measuring markers of this identity: emotional attachment (proud of the city; love for the city); knowledge of its historical and cultural heritage; city patriotism and citizenship; the density of social communications; and social trust. It reports on results of a representative sociological study “The Markers of Self-Identification of Melitopol Residents,” which was aimed at identifying identities capable of forming a collective identity for this city. This study revealed that there are effective conditions in the city for the formation of a collective territorial identity, namely: There is affinity with its physical space; a significant portion of residents are interested in city issues, which is the basis for forming groups and associations based on common interests within the local community; and there are dense social communications in the media space of the city. On the other hand, the study also found that the city’s historical and cultural heritage are not effective factors of the city’s identity. The authors conclude the consolidation of the city’s identity needs to takes place around contemporary events and circumstances; hence, there is a need to make the city a more useful social space with infrastructure that meets the contemporary needs and interests of its residents. The study also reveals that in Melitopol, like the whole of Ukrainian society, there is a lack of social trust, largely due to the post Soviet Union distrust of political institutions both at the national and local levels. At the same time, there is considerable interest in the consolidation of various social groups and the formation of social trust.
The Unsaid or Empty Speech: The act of Being Silenced: Language of Silence of Women and its Implications in Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart
Authors: Joseph Peter Yaw-kan
Published: May 2022

This paper explored how women are silenced in Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. It drew on Parpart’s (Rethinking silence, gender and power in insecure sites: Implications for feminist security studies in a postcolonial world. Review of International Studies, 46(3), 315–324 . https://doi.org/10.1017/S026021051900041X ) insight that a person who is silenced, who cannot say what is on their mind or speak out against injustice, can quite rightly be seen as lacking agency. Our critical reception of the works of Darko and Achebe revealed that women, or the female characters have been built, programmed and oriented with weakness, zero authority and playing second fiddle to their male counterparts. We argued that the nature of the silencing of the women: (1) depicted the various instances of women’s subjugation, subordination, submission, and compliance, amongst other things, in male dominated traditional societies, (2) encapsulated the hegemonic issues in the patriarchal society feminist scholars vehemently write against, and (3) demonstrated that silence is a marker for empty speech, the unsaid, or keeping something to the self. The paper is a contribution to further studies on gender roles and the discourse on gendered power imbalances.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Hamstring Graft Healing and Integration 1 and Minimum 2 Years after ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Putnis Sven E. , Klasan Antonio , Oshima Takeshi , Grasso Samuel , Neri Thomas , Coolican Myles R.J. , Fritsch Brett A. , Parker David A.
Published: May 2022

Background:

An increase has been seen in the number of studies of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) that use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an outcome measure and proxy for healing and integration of the reconstruction graft. Despite this, the MRI appearance of a steady-state graft and how long it takes to achieve such an appearance have not yet been established.

Purpose:

To establish whether a hamstring tendon autograft for ACLR changes in appearance on MRI scans between 1 and 2 years and whether this change affects a patient’s ability to return to sports.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Patients with hamstring tendon autograft ACLR underwent MRI and clinical outcome measures at 1 year and at a final follow-up of at least 2 years. MRI graft signal was measured at multiple regions of interest using oblique reconstructions both parallel and perpendicular to the graft, with lower signal indicative of better healing and expressed as the signal intensity ratio (SIR). Changes in tunnel aperture areas were also measured. Clinical outcomes were side-to-side anterior laxity and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Results:

A total of 42 patients were included. At 1 year, the mean SIR for the graft was 2.7 ± 1.2. Graft SIR of the femoral aperture was significantly higher than that of the tibial aperture (3.4 ± 1.3 vs 2.6 ± 1.8, respectively; P = .022). Overall, no significant change was seen on MRI scans after 2 years; a proximal graft SIR of 1.9 provided a sensitivity of 96% to remain unchanged. However, in the 6 patients with the highest proximal graft SIR (>4) at 1 year, a significant reduction in signal was seen at final follow-up ( P = .026), alongside an improvement in sporting level. A significant reduction in aperture area was also seen between 1 and 2 years (tibial, –6.3 mm2, P < .001; femoral, –13.3 mm2, P < .001), which was more marked in the group with proximal graft SIR >4 at 1 year and correlated with a reduction in graft signal. The patients had a high sporting level; the median Tegner activity score was 6 (range, 5-10), and a third of patients scored either 9 or 10. Overall, PROMs and knee laxity were not associated with MRI appearance.

Conclusion:

In the majority of patients, graft SIR on MRI did not change significantly after 1 year, and a proximal graft SIR <2 was a sensitive indicator for a stable graft signal, implying healing. Monitoring is proposed for patients who have a high signal at 1 year (proximal graft SIR >4), because a significant reduction in signal was seen in the second year, indicative of ongoing healing, alongside an improvement in sporting level. A reduction in tunnel aperture area correlated with a reduction in graft SIR, suggesting this could also be a useful measure of graft integration.
With a Little Help From My Friends and Family: Transportation and Caregiving Hours
Authors: Koumoutzis Athena , Vivoda Jonathon M. , Cao Jiawei
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

To better understand the associations between the driving status of the care recipient and caregiver with provided caregiving hours, more research on the relationships between contextual caregiving factors and driving-related behaviors is needed.

Method:

Using data from Round 7 of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the linked National Survey of Caregiving (NSOC; n = 1054 dyads), this study explored how caregiver transportation assistance and care recipient driving frequency are associated with caregiving hours.

Results:

Caregiving hours were highest among caregivers who provided transportation every day and among care recipients who had not driven in the last month. After controlling for covariates, negative binomial regression results indicated that greater caregiver transportation assistance was related to more caregiving hours, while greater care recipient driving frequency was related to less caregiving hours.

Conclusion:

Integrated supports and greater accessibility to transportation services may decrease time spent caregiving.
News as religion: Practices of mediation in a Catholic community in South India
Authors: Alex Deepika Rose , Paul Subin
Published: May 2022

This article examines the relationship between religion and news media through a case study of Deepika, a Malayalam-language daily published in the South Indian state of Kerala. We “thickly describe” the practices of mediation and meaning-making processes of this newspaper’s editors and readers, most of whom are “Syrian Catholics.” Our analysis shows that news functions as, or very similar to, religion for Deepika’s partakers. We thus argue that the newspaper and religion are inseparable for a devout Syrian Catholic, and they concurrently mediate the communal and spiritual longings of the believers.
Third-party candidates, newspaper editorials, and political debates
Authors: Kirch John F.
Published: May 2022

This study examines how newspapers in Virginia and the Washington Post covered the 2013 gubernatorial campaign of Libertarian Robert Sarvis in their editorials. In addition to comparing coverage volume and type, the study analyzes how the newspapers responded to his exclusion from the televised gubernatorial debates. The study found that newspaper editorials treated Sarvis like other third-party candidates, but some supported his inclusion in the political debates.
Lessons Learned: Achieving Consensus About Learning Disability Assessment and Diagnosis
Authors: Williams Tricia , Wiener Judith , Lennox Carolyn , Kokai Maria
Published: May 2022

The current paper describes the process used for developing the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Assessment of Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Learning Disabilities-Consensus Statement and Supporting Documents, and the rationale for some of the decisions. The guidelines were developed by a cross-sectoral working group of psychologists who achieved a consensus on the criteria for diagnosis and the assessment process. We outline key features of the guidelines, describe topics where the group achieved consensus quickly and topics for which there was considerable debate (e.g., intelligence testing, ability/achievement discrepancy, and processing deficits). The group members shared information with each other about topics such as the advantages of early assessment, the importance of formally assessing effort and motivation, and assessment of culturally and linguistically diverse individuals. We conclude with the lessons learned and professional challenges regarding contextual influences on LD assessment and diagnosis and dissemination of research to practitioners.
Exploring health and wellness with First Nations communities at the “Knowing Your Health Symposium”
Authors: Acharibasam John Bosco , Chapados Meghan , Langan Jennifer , Starblanket Danette , Hagel Mikayla
Published: May 2022

Indigenous older adults living in rural communities require accessibility to and readiness for new technologies to support the monitoring of health data and health status, as well as dementia education. Morning Star Lodge partnered with the File Hills Qu'Appelle Tribal Council, a Community Research Advisory Committee and All Nations Hope Network to bring a diverse group of First Nations community members to the “Knowing Your Health Symposium” to learn about traditional health and First Nations’ wellness. Indigenous research methods and community-based involvement informed and guided the research. An environmental scan was conducted relating to co-researchers’ nutrition, exercise, and self-management of health and health issues through an anonymous survey distributed at the symposium. The purpose of the symposium was to provide communities with information about healthy lifestyles as it relates to dementia and equip community members with the ability to make constructive decisions regarding their health.
Consent in Interventional Radiology—How Can We Make It Better?
Authors: Forsman Tia , Silberstein Sara , Keller Eric J.
Published: May 2022

Informed consent is an important part of the clinician-patient relationship. However, studies suggest consent practices tend to be limited in consistency and completeness. This may be particularly challenging for interventional radiology given more limited public awareness and the often fast-paced, dynamic nature of our practices. This article reviews these challenges as well as ideal consent practices and potential approaches to improve consent in interventional radiology.
Cerebral Vasculopathy in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in an Amazonian Population
Authors: Alcolumbre Tobelem Felipe Lima , de Andrade Guilherme Augusto Lira Ribeiro , Paschoal Joelma Karin Sagica Fernandes , de Oliveira Cardoso Maria do Socorro , Sarmento Trindade Saide Maria , Paschoal Eric Homero Albuquerque , Paschoal-Jr Fernando M. , Bor-Seng-Shu Edson
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Sickle cell disease is the most prevalent hereditary disease in the country. The aim of this study was to use transcranial Doppler as a screening method for identifying cerebral vasculopathy in children with sickle cell disease. Methods: An epidemiologic, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients aged 2-16 years with sickle cell disease and followed at a neurology referral service between January 2014 and March 2020 underwent transcranial Doppler and complementary examinations to screen for cerebral vasculopathy. Results: Screening and confirmatory examinations diagnosed 14 of 164 patients (8.5%) with cerebral vasculopathy. Regarding stroke risk, as measured by cerebral blood flow velocity, 2 of 14 patients (14.2%) were classified as conditional risk (170-199 cm/s) and 12 of 14 (85.7%) as high risk of stroke. Conclusion: Complementary examinations should be performed in all patients with changes on transcranial Doppler to confirm cerebral vasculopathy. Further studies, particularly genetic, are needed to better understand the relationship between sickle cell disease and cerebral vasculopathy.
Educators’ Barriers and Facilitators to Physical Activity Policy Implementation in the Childcare Setting: Qualitative Findings From the Play Active Project
Authors: Wenden Elizabeth J , Pearce Natasha , George Phoebe , Christian Hayley E
Published: May 2022

Purpose

We explored childcare educators’ perceived barriers and facilitators to policy implementation in order to inform the development and implementation of an early childhood education and care (ECEC) specific physical activity policy. This study was part of the Play Active (2019-2023) project which aimed to develop, implement and evaluate evidence-based physical activity policy to improve physical activity levels in children attending ECEC.

Approach

Stakeholder focus groups. Setting: ECEC centers in Perth, Western Australia. Sample: Educators (n=66) from 11 ECEC centers participated in 13 focus groups (August-September 2019).

Methods

Semi-structured questions explored educators’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to implementing a new physical activity policy. A qualitative descriptive approach within a naturalistic framework informed data analysis. Focus group data were reviewed and grouped through several iterations to produce core themes.

Results

Four core themes resulted from focus groups: (1) leadership; (2) educator mindset: (3) parent engagement; and (4) organisational and educator capacity. Educators needed supportive leadership and a commitment of resources for physical activity policy implementation. Educators acknowledged physical activity practices can be influenced by knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and change capacity and stressed the need for parent engagement for successful implementation.

Conclusions

Educators’ voices are important for informing implementation of physical activity policy and practices leading to improvements in children’s physical activity levels.
Resting (Tonic) Blood Pressure Is Associated With Sensitivity to Imagined and Acute Experiences of Social Pain: Evidence From Three Studies
Authors: Inagaki Tristen K. , Gianaros Peter J.
Published: May 2022

Social pain is a common experience that has potent implications for health. However, individuals differ in their sensitivity to social pain. Recent evidence suggests that sensitivity to social pain varies according to a biological factor that modulates sensitivity to physical pain: resting (tonic) blood pressure. The current studies extended this evidence by testing whether blood pressure relates to sensitivity to imagined (Study 1: N = 762, 51% female adults) and acute (Study 2, preregistered: N = 204, 57% female adults) experiences of social pain and whether associations extend to general emotional responding (Studies 1–3; Study 3: N = 162, 59% female adults). In line with prior evidence, results showed that higher resting blood pressure was associated with lower sensitivity to social pain. Moreover, associations regarding blood pressure and sensitivity to social pain did not appear to be explained by individual differences in general emotional responding. Findings appear to be compatible with the interpretation that social and physical pain share similar cardiovascular correlates and may be modulated by convergent interoceptive pathways.
Shutdown idling performance of the nuclear main coolant pump under station blackout accident: An optimization study
Authors: Lu Yonggang , Zhao Weiqiang , Presas Batllo Alexandre , Zhu Rongsheng , Wang Zhengwei
Published: May 2022

Lead-cooled fast reactor (LFR) is an important reactor type of the Generation IV nuclear energy, and the main coolant pump (MCP) is the only and most critical power equipment in primary circuit of LFR. The shutdown idling performance of the MCP, is one of the most important safety indicators in the event of a station blackout accident. When the motor loses its power supply, the MCP needs to run under the inertia of the flywheel to ensure the coolant flow for a short time. This study mainly focuses on the idling mathematical model of the MCP under power failure accidents. In this study, taking the shutdown idling performance of the MCP as the optimization goal, the parametric optimization analysis of the impeller and diffuser structure of the MCP was carried out. Specifically, based on the platform ISIGHT, the software of CFturbo, TurboGrid, CFX, Matlab and FLOWMASTER are systematically integrated, the automated 3D modeling, automatic meshing and automatic CFD calculation of different hydraulic model of the MCP are realized. And the neural network mathematical model between the geometric parameters of MCP and the idling performance indicators is established. The study shows that there is a strong linear relationship between the idling performance of the MCP and its head and shaft power, and meridian parameters of Δβ 2, Z 1, Φ 1h and the radial surface parameters of Δβ 1 and Δβ 2, Z 1 and Φ 1h have the greatest impact on the idling performance of MCP.
Can perseverance of effort become maladaptive? Study addiction moderates the relationship between this component of grit and well-being among music academy students
Authors: Czerwiński Stanisław Konrad , Lawendowski Rafał , Kierzkowski Michał , Atroszko Paweł Andrzej
Published: May 2022

Grit, defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, is investigated as a predictor of academic success and well-being. This trait may have special importance for musicians’ functioning as their lives revolve around practice routines and mastering their craft for years. However, there is a growing recognition that extreme perseverance may be maladaptive in some cases. Persistent overinvolvement in goal-oriented activities is related to compulsive overworking, conceptualized within the behavioral addiction framework as work and study addiction. A previous study showed that study addiction is relatively highly prevalent among young musicians and has a clearly negative effect on their functioning. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between grit, study addiction, and psychosocial functioning among music academy students. It was hypothesized that perseverance of effort is related to well-being, grade point average (GPA), and study addiction, and that it becomes maladaptive for individuals addicted to studying. A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted among 213 music academy students in Poland. Perseverance of effort was positively related to GPA and study addiction. The relationships between perseverance of effort and self-rated general health, and between perseverance of effort and quality of life, were moderated by study addiction. The results suggest that grit may become maladaptive perseverance in the cases of individuals at risk of study addiction. Based on these findings, further investigations of grit among musicians, as well as further studies of the negative aspects of grit in general, are warranted. Implications for prevention and intervention programs are discussed.
Challenges of IFRS implementation in emerging economies: The case of Lebanon
Authors: Sadaka Sami F.
Published: May 2022

IFRS and their implementation are being associated with globalisation and the increasing influence of global institutions such as the World Bank. This article investigates the challenges of IFRS implementation in Lebanon, an Asian, Middle-Eastern, and an emerging economy. The findings are theoretically framed within the system, society and dominance (SSD) framework. The analysis demonstrates that system and dominance effects have driven the initial phase of IFRS implementation in Lebanon. However, societal factors have created challenges to this implementation. The article proposes a framework that categorises these challenges as schisms within the local field of accounting, associated with practice, education, and regulation.
Verbal interaction in a social dilemma
Authors: Adams Zoë , Ludwiczak Agata , Sharma Devyani , Osman Magda
Published: May 2022

This study presents the first sociolinguistic examination of communication in a social dilemma. 90 participants (18 groups of 5) completed a modified public goods game with 2 rounds: an effort-based task and an unscripted online chat about the results. A linear regression shows that consensus-building language in the Round 1 chat affects cooperative behaviour in the Round 2 task. A qualitative analysis of 3 groups explores how participants use different recognisable styles of communication (registers) to strategically align with or disalign from one another (stancetaking). Each analysis is complemented with a quantitative visualisation of how (dis)alignment between participants unfolds in real-time. We found that successful groups employ registers associated with collective action, such as gameshow talk (‘ouch. £69 out of a possible £120’) to encourage, punish, and pledge allegiance to one another. Less successful groups use registers that risk evoking mistrust and reducing obligation, such as business talk (‘I approve’). We argue that a mixed methods approach to interaction and behaviour can reveal incremental shifts in consensus building that underpin quantitative outcomes.
Vibration smart control analysis of sandwich porous nanoshell with GPL-reinforced smart layers using surface-visco-piezo-elasticity theory
Authors: Farrokhian Ahmad , Hooshmandi Nezhad Abdolreza , Behshad Amir
Published: May 2022

Smart nanostructures have many practical application in nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS) as sensor and actuator. Present research deals with the vibration and damping of advanced sandwich smart nanoshells. This nanostructure comprised of porous nanoshell coated by nanocomposite piezoelectric layers as sensor and actuator. The nanocompisite layers are reinforced by graphene platelets (GPLs) with various distributions based on Halpin-Tsai model. In order to presume this sandwich structure much more realistic, Kelvin model will be utilized and it is surrounded by visco-Pasternak foundation. Further, non-local surface piezoelasticity theory is employed for considering the small scale and surface effects. On the basis of zigzag shear-deformation theory and Hamilton principle, the motion equations are derived. Differential cubature method (DCM) is used as numerical method for calculating natural frequency and damping ratio. In order to validate the results, this paper is compared by another simplified cases and ABAQUS commercial software. Finally, the influences of porosity and its distribution, volume percent and distribution of GPLs, surface stresses, small scale parameter, and external voltage are shown on natural frequency and damping. The results show that the damping ratio and frequency of system considering surface effect with symmetric porosity distribution decrease and increases about 17% and 25% compared to the without surface effect case and asymmetric porosity respectively. In addition, the nanostructure in critically damped state can be turned into underdamped state by applying negative voltage. Furthermore, the dispersion of GPLs near the bottom and top surface of nanocomposite layers is the best choice due to high stiffness and frequency.
Patients with Congestive Cardiac Failure Referred to Specialist Palliative Care
Authors: Walsh Maria , Kiely Fiona
Published: May 2022

Background

Congestive cardiac failure is a chronic, progressive condition with a significant symptom burden. There is limited data available regarding the palliative care requirements of the heart failure population.

Aims

To characterise patients with a primary diagnosis of congestive cardiac failure referred to a specialist palliative care (SPC) service in Ireland.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of patients with congestive cardiac failure admitted to the specialist palliative care unit or reviewed by the community palliative care team over 2 years was carried out, utilising a data collection template.

Results

57 patient charts were included. 54% (n = 31) were female. Mean age was 81 [60 - 97] years. GP’s referred 42% (n = 24), Cardiologists 39% (n = 22) and other hospital consultants 19% (n = 11). The commonest symptom reported was dyspnoea (n = 47). Time from referral to death ranged from less than one month (n =22) to greater than one year (n = 3). 14 patients were discharged from the service due to lack of SPC needs. Place of death was distributed between home, hospice, nursing home and acute hospital.

Conclusions

Patients with congestive cardiac failure experience high symptom burden. More than 50% of patients that died while receiving SPC input had been referred less than 1 month prior, while almost a quarter of all referrals resulted in patient discharge. This highlights the importance of further education regarding indication for specialist palliative care referral and the benefits of early referral in this patient cohort when appropriate.
Well Differentiated Liposarcoma Presenting as a Duodenal Polyp: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Warnick Janine , Lahiri Rajiv , Karanjia Nariman , Fisher Cyril , Bagwan Izhar
Published: May 2022

Liposarcoma is the most common malignant soft tissue tumour in adults occurring predominantly in the retroperitoneum and extremities but very rarely within the gastrointestinal tract. We report on a 77-year-old gentleman who presented with a history of melaena and anaemia. On oesophagogastric duodenoscopy a duodenal polyp was identified. Surgical excision was performed and on histology, the duodenal polyp revealed a primary duodenal well differentiated liposarcoma. A literature review confirmed the rarity of primary duodenal liposarcomas, with only four cases previously reported.
Ongoing Brain Activity and Its Role in Cognition: Dual versus Baseline Models
Authors: Northoff Georg , Vatansever Deniz , Scalabrini Andrea , Stamatakis Emmanuel A.
Published: May 2022

What is the role of the brain’s ongoing activity for cognition? The predominant perspectives associate ongoing brain activity with resting state, the default-mode network (DMN), and internally oriented mentation. This triad is often contrasted with task states, non-DMN brain networks, and externally oriented mentation, together comprising a “dual model” of brain and cognition. In opposition to this duality, however, we propose that ongoing brain activity serves as a neuronal baseline; this builds upon Raichle’s original search for the default mode of brain function that extended beyond the canonical default-mode brain regions. That entails what we refer to as the “baseline model.” Akin to an internal biological clock for the rest of the organism, the ongoing brain activity may serve as an internal point of reference or standard by providing a shared neural code for the brain’s rest as well as task states, including their associated cognition. Such shared neural code is manifest in the spatiotemporal organization of the brain’s ongoing activity, including its global signal topography and dynamics like intrinsic neural timescales. We conclude that recent empirical evidence supports a baseline model over the dual model; the ongoing activity provides a global shared neural code that allows integrating the brain’s rest and task states, its DMN and non-DMN, and internally and externally oriented cognition.
Impact of pulsed electric field treated milk on quality of paneer and khoa
Authors: Preeti Birwal , Ravindra Menon Rekha , Surendra Nath B. , Gajanan Panditrao Deshmukh
Published: May 2022

The present work was undertaken to investigate the feasibility of pre-treatment of raw milk with Pulse Electric Field (PEF) treatment before its entry into the processing chain. A custom-designed and fabricated PEF applicator was used for the non-thermal treatment protocol. Raw milk was treated under three treatment protocols, viz., conventionally heat treatment (CHT), PEF treated milk subjected to conventional heat treatment (PT-CHT) and PEF treatment (PT). For the PT protocol, milk was subjected to high voltage (55 kV) square wave of pulse width 900 µs, for 100 s at a frequency of 90 Hz. The treated milk was then converted to two popular products, namely and paneer and khoa, which were evaluated for its physico-chemical, microbiological, sensory quality and shelf stability. Since khoa is a heat desiccated product, it was evaluated only against PT-CHT and CHT treatments. It was observed that PT treatment resulted in paneer with softer body with higher whiteness index, compared to other experimental samples. The PT treatment did not affect the product acceptability and the product had a shelf stability of 12 days under refrigeration, as against 16 days for CHT and PT-CHT treatment. The treatment protocols for milk did not significantly affect the quality and shelf life of khoa. Thus, there is wide future scope to used pulsed electric fields treatment synergistically with conventional heat treatment for inactivation of microorganisms, with better retention of nutritional and physical properties of product which has potential to save considerable amount of energy and time during processing of product.
Mother-Child Interaction of Boys With ADHD: A Behavioral Observation Study
Authors: Lee Yi-Chen , Chen Vincent Chin-Hung , Liang Sophie Hsin-Yi , Kelsen Brent Allan
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

Investigate the quality of mothers’ interactions with children with ADHD and a marginal disturbance in socioemotional competence (MDSC).

Research Methods:

A total of 49 mother-boy dyads were included, and we observed their communication on neutral and conflict topics for children with ADHD and MDSC, children with ADHD alone, and children with typical development (TD). The Chinese version of the Specific Affect Coding System 20-code was used to examine the affective presentation in communication.

Results:

Mothers of children with ADHD and MDSC had less negative disengagement affect compared with those of children with ADHD alone. Boys with ADHD and MDSC and boys with TD had constant positive engagement between neutral and conflict conditions in parent-child interaction. Boys with ADHD and MDSC had significantly less positive affect and more neutral affect than children with ADHD only.

Conclusions and Implications:

Boys with ADHD and MDSC and their mothers had worse quality of observed mother-child communication than children with ADHD only and their mothers.
The Effect of Presidential Particularism on Economic Well-Being: A County-Level Analysis
Authors: Pavlik Jamie Bologna , Tackett Maria
Published: May 2022

Does it pay to be a locale of political importance? Political business cycle theory predicts that the executive has an incentive to manipulate policy to increase the chances of their party remaining in office. In particular, core counties (those that vote for the current administration) have been shown to enjoy disproportionately higher federal spending. In this paper, we explore how this funding affects the well-being of an area by estimating the effect of presidential particularism on governmental transfers and (productive) income per-capita using county-level data from 1993 to 2012. We find that transfer payments tend to be higher and income lower in counties that vote for the current administration. These findings are robust across a wide number of specifications including fixed effects, first differences, a first differenced model with county-specific time trends, and a matching analysis. Moreover, results hold when examining the subset of counties that only voted for a single party throughout the entire sample where the treatment (whether the county voted for the current administration) is largely exogenous to the county in question.
A Scoping Review of Digital Twins in the Context of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Khan Asiya , Milne-Ives Madison , Meinert Edward , Iyawa Gloria E , Jones Ray B , Josephraj Alex N
Published: May 2022

Background:

Digital Twins (DTs), virtual copies of physical entities, are a promising tool to help manage and predict outbreaks of Covid-19. By providing a detailed model of each patient, DTs can be used to determine what method of care will be most effective for that individual. The improvement in patient experience and care delivery will help to reduce demand on healthcare services and to improve hospital management.

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to address 2 research questions: (1) How effective are DTs in predicting and managing infectious diseases such as Covid-19? and (2) What are the prospects and challenges associated with the use of DTs in healthcare?

Methods:

The review was structured according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) framework. Titles and abstracts of references in PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar were searched using selected keywords (relating to digital twins, healthcare and Covid-19). The papers were screened in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria so that all papers published in English relating to the use of digital twins in healthcare were included. A narrative synthesis was used to analyse the included papers.

Results:

Eighteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. None of the included papers examined the use of DTs in the context of Covid-19, or infectious disease outbreaks in general. Academic research about the applications, opportunities and challenges of DT technology in healthcare in general was found to be in early stages.

Conclusions:

The review identifies a need for further research into the use of DTs in healthcare, particularly in the context of infectious disease outbreaks. Based on frameworks identified during the review, this paper presents a preliminary conceptual framework for the use of DTs for hospital management during the Covid-19 outbreak to address this research gap.
Pro-environmental behaviour of the residents in sensitive tourism destinations
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Lee Timothy J. , Chen Nan , Park Keun-Soo
Published: May 2022

This study focuses on the antecedents of sustainable development in tourism destinations and explores residents’ environmental knowledge and perceived justice and how these influence pro-environmental behaviour. The study discusses: (a) environmental knowledge and environmental sensitivity; (b) perceived justice and residents’ satisfaction; (c) place attachment; and (d) pro-environmental behaviour. By presenting seven hypotheses for analysis, the study develops a measurement framework that involves resident perception of justice in Kaifeng, one of the first sets of the 24 ‘Historical and Cultural Cities in China’. A pilot survey (103 respondents) and a final survey (558) were conducted to identify the role of the antecedents of residents’ pro-environmental behaviour in a tourism destination. The results reveal the positive influence of environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and perceived justice on pro-environmental behaviour. This finding expands our cognition of the inter-relationships of the dimensions that belonged to the construct. The study illustrates that perceived justice significantly influences overall community satisfaction and indirectly impacts pro-environmental behaviour in tourism destinations. This pioneering study thus expands the early framework of pro-environmental behaviour and provides practical information to amplify the concept of justice in tourism studies.
Learning specialized vocabulary in the second language: Does transfer from the first language help?
Authors: Wang Jie , Yum Yen Na
Published: May 2022

Learners entering higher education may learn specialized vocabulary of new disciplines in their second language (L2) with or without support from their first language (L1). However, these learners cannot rely on an established conceptual representation in L1 when learning L2 specialized vocabulary. The effects of learning a new concept in L1 prior to learning and testing the same concept in L2 are yet unclear. The present study compared the effectiveness of L1-mediation and L2-repetition word learning methods randomly assigned to 75 bilingual adults. Participants learned subject-specific specialized vocabulary through reading a series of definition sentences in two learning episodes a week apart. The L1L2 group ( N = 31) first learned L1 words on Day 1 and then their L2 translation equivalents on Day 2, while the L2L2 group ( N = 44) learned the words in L2 on both days. In each learning session, participants provided self-ratings on their confidence in acquiring word meaning after reading each sentence and completed a word meaning recognition test afterward. Results using linear mixed-effects modeling showed that L1-mediation learning may ease the start of L2 word learning as shown in higher confidence ratings and less reading time, leading to a faster establishment of high-quality conceptual representations. In contrast, L2-repetition learning may strengthen lexical representations and L2-concept connections through increased exposure to L2 words. However, the two learning methods produced comparable results on L2 meaning recognition, so flexible adoption of the learning methods according to the learning goal is suggested.
Vortex-induced vibration characteristics of two open girders: A comparison of experimental and numerical investigation
Authors: Duan Qingsong , Ma Cunming , Li Jiankun , Li Qiusheng , Shang Jingmiao
Published: May 2022

Open girder sections are vulnerable to vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) because of their bluff aerodynamic characteristics. A comparative investigation was conducted by wind tunnel tests and numerical simulation. Firstly, based on sectional model wind tunnel tests, the VIV performance of semi-open girder and separated edge-boxes open girder was studied with consideration of the influence of the equivalent mass, wind attack angle and damping ratio. The aerodynamic parameters Scruton number ( S c) and Strouhal number ( S t) of two girders were analyzed contrastively. In addition, VIV amplitudes corresponding to the real bridge girders were calculated by the linear and nonlinear theories. Then, flow fields around two semi-open girder sections were investigated on the basis of computational fluid dynamics. The results show that vertical and torsional VIVs of two open girders are observed, at +3°and +5° wind attack angles. There were two vertical VIV regions and the maximum amplitude in the second vertical VIV region is significantly larger than that in the first one. For the semi-open girder and separated edged-box open girder, the vertical VIV amplitudes at +5° wind attack angle is 115% and 75% larger than at +3° wind attack angle, respectively. The damping ratio could obviously mitigate the VIV of two girders and VIV amplitudes are decreased linearly with the S C number increases. There are vortexes above the girder deck at the opening position of the semi-open girder and the separated edge-boxes open girder. The oblique web and wind faring may break the large vortex into several smaller vortexes at the opening position, thus optimizing the vortex vibration performance of the girder. A thicker shear layer is formed at separated open-girder during the development of airflow towards backward of bridge deck, due to the effect of railings and the blunt boxes on the lower surface.
The (r)evolution of transsexuality in the news media: The case of the Spanish digital press (2000-2020)
Authors: Olveira-Araujo Rubén
Published: May 2022

Media coverage of transsexuality has increased in different parts of the world. This increase reinforces its visibility, but it can also contribute to developing, reinforcing and legitimizing different attitudes, such as transphobia. In order to analyze the discursive patterns on transsexuality in the Spanish digital press during the period 2000-2020, this article has conducted a quantitative content analysis. Combining manual coding ( n = 1095) with rule-based text classification ( N = 9922), the media delegitimization to which transsexual people are subjected has been analyzed using logistic regression and multilevel analysis. The results confirm that the newsworthiness of transsexuality in Spain has increased significantly over the first two decades of the 21st century. They also indicate that the media delegitimization of transsexuality has been significantly reduced. These findings suggest a remarkable evolution in the news media coverage of transsexuality. However, improvements are still needed. Therefore, the need to continue training and sensitizing journalists is underlined.
Public perception of social workers as a source for providing help during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kagan Maya , Elbaz Kachlon Yahel S
Published: May 2022

The current study examined the contribution of select demographic and psychosocial variables, as well as prior experience with social workers (SWs), to explaining the likelihood of seeking their help by the general public in Israel during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the purpose of the study, an online questionnaire was administered to a sample of 582 respondents older than 20.

Findings

The findings show that the respondents reported a fairly low likelihood of seeking help from SWs. Women, those not in a significant relationship, people who had prior experience with SWs, and those reporting higher levels of loneliness, had a higher likelihood of seeking help from SWs. At the same time, no association was found between age, employment status, depression, and anxiety, and the likelihood of seeking help from SWs.

Applications

When dealing with the mental, health, and social consequences of the COVID-19 crisis, it is important to identify groups with a lower likelihood of seeking help from SWs and to actively offer them help. Furthermore, it is important to develop a policy aimed at promoting knowledge of SW roles and reducing barriers to seeking SW help, while attending to the unique needs of diverse population groups.
Infrastructures of obscenity: Total Request Live and participatory TV production in action
Authors: Rosati Clayton
Published: May 2022

Obscenity and pornographic culture did not disappear with Times Square’s gentrification in the 1990s. Rather, gentrification inaugurated new obscene cultural forms, displaying the opulence of celebrity and the enclosed spaces of media production. Using observations and interviews with production staff at Total Request Live (1998–2008), the flagship music countdown show on the MTV cable network, the essay examines techniques of incorporating audiences and audience-generated content into late-1990s/early-2000s TV production, just before social media’s rise. It examines media production within a material urban process, not simply producing ideology or images, but inciting and laboring on forms of self-exposure and a quasi-erotic excitement of watching others transgress deepening class hierarchies. The essay describes the urban material foundations of this cultural form as infrastructures of obscenity. For this, it theorizes obscenity beyond sex and explicitly erotic content. It likewise proposes obscenity as an alternative to standard analytical approaches to media, like ‘ritual’, ‘transgression’ and carnivalesque ‘inversion’ or resistance, which are insufficient to understand the production techniques at TRL. It connects those insights to Times Square’s millennial transformations, focusing on the strategies used by MTV’s Midtown Studio in the production of TRL. The analysis demonstrates how the social production of new architectural and infrastructural strategies in Times Square’s post-Disney Store period used highly staged audience engagement to build a recursive, shared experience of obscenity through transgression, prurience, intensity, and authenticity. The infrastructures of obscenity approach complements theories of active viewership but also problematizes viewers’ activity as fully-formed resistance or ‘subversion,’ implicitly or explicitly. This essay’s evidence illustrates how an opposing organizational project by media capital happens, imperfectly, pragmatically, and perhaps even contrary to many theoretical assumptions about how audiences and industry encounter each other, provoking further an engagement with contradiction, ambivalence, and labor to materially organize the heterogeneity of social feeling.
Parents’ experiences of home-schooling amid COVID-19 school closures, in London, England
Authors: Khan Tehmina
Published: May 2022

Upon COVID-19 being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization, parent-carers worldwide faced major challenges in how to adapt, become resilient, and to continue educating their children at all levels amid school closures. Home-schooling, with parent-carers becoming the substitute teachers, had become the new ‘norm’ during the first and third lockdowns in England. This paper reports on qualitative findings from semi-structured interviews with 35 participants comprised of parents with children aged between 5 and 8 years old in South London, England. Thematical analysis is used to capture parents’ well-being experiences of home-schooling amid COVID-19 compulsory school closures. This paper explores how the pressure on parent-carers to provide education at home akin to a school setting is physically and emotionally challenging. The paper also addresses how parents’ stress levels intensified in the second (January 2021) home-schooling period. A post-structural feminist framework is deployed to unpick gender socio-cultural inequalities relating to the distribution of work/labour/childcare duties at home during lockdown. Existing research has focussed on the impact on low-income families and children’s well-being during the pandemic. This research contributes to existing research by addressing an under-researched area relating to the impact on well-belling for middle-income maternal caregivers. Findings of this research show how financial privilege does not provide an escape from additional stress and how parents’ well-being was affected.