bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Investigation of Thermal Conductivity of Particle Dispersive Composites Based on Fractal Method
Authors: Li Xiao Chuan , Huang Xiang Yong
Published: December 2012

Heat conduction performance of particle dispersive composites has been numerically investigated by using Finite volume method (FVM) and fractal theory. The effects of the thermal conductivity of particle and polymer matrix, the volume fraction of conductive particle, the dispersion and reunion form of particles on the effective thermal conductivity of composites are analyzed in detail. Results from the research indicate that thermal conductivities of composites will increase nonlinearly along with the increase of filling fraction of particles. Keeping the filling fraction constant, the dispersion and reunion form and direction of particles has significant effect on heat conduction performance of composite. Simple use of high thermal conductivity particles has limited effect on thermal performance of composites. Enhancing the contacts of particle in the direction of heat exchange and forming high heat transfer channels are the main and economical ways to improve heat conduction performance of particulate filled polymer matrix composites.
Effect of CO2/O2 on Catalytic Reduction of NO by Iron
Authors: Su A Long , Su Ya Xin , Cheng Hao
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the results of the reaction between metallic iron mesh rolls and NO in the presence of CO2/O2 at different temperatures. All experiments were carried out in a ceramic tube controlled by the temperature programmed electrical furnace. About 99% NO reduction was achieved when temperature was above 700°C in the absence of CO2/O2. Results showed that CO2 in the flue gas had little effect on the NO reduction. NO reduction efficiencies were observed to exceed 95% for all CO2 concentrations at above 700°C. The addition of O2, however, caused a sudden drop by about 76% in NO reduction efficiency. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that the oxidation of iron in O2 atmosphere led to a more continuous and impervious oxide layer than that in CO2 atmosphere. Results using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect the iron samples after reactions revealed that FeO, Fe3O4, Fe and Fe2O3 were formed in CO2 atmosphere, but Fe3O4 and Fe2O3 were formed when O2 was added.
Crystal Structure and Optical Properties of CoCr2O4–NiCr2O4 Solid Solutions Prepared by Low-Temperature Combustion Synthesis Method
Authors: Han Ai Jun , Ye Ming Quan , Zhang Zhi Min , Liao Juan Juan , Li Nan
Published: December 2012

The Co1-xNixCr2O4(x=0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) solid solutions were successfully synthesized by low-temperature combustion synthesis method. The crystal structure and optical properties of the samples were investigated. The samples displayed single phase spinel structure with 30 nm in grain size. Infrared absorption peaks at about 525 and 630 cm-1 corresponded to the vibration of octahedron group ([CrO6] / [NiO6]) and tetrahedron group ([CoO4] / [NiO4]) respectively. Due to the electronic transition of 4A2(F) → 4T1(P) of Co2+, 4A2g → 4T2g of Cr3+, 3T1g(F) → 3T1g(P) and 3A2g(F) → 3T1g(F) of Ni2+, absorption peaks at about 578, 618 and 670 nm were observed in the visible region, making the color center be green. The degree of lightness, greenness and chroma increased, whereas the degree of blueness decreased, making the color of the samples transit from pale green to brilliant green as x value increased.
The Structure and Light Emitting of Silicon-Doped Boron Nitride Nanotubes
Authors: Xu Shi Feng , Xu Dan
Published: December 2012

In this paper, we report the structural and optical properties of bamboo-like silicon-doped boron nitride nanotubes. The morphologies and structures of the nanotubes were characterized using electron microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. Three strong broad peaks centered at 1.76ev, 2.20ev, 2.40ev were observed from the room-temperature PL spectrum of the nanotubes. The spectrum suggested the existence of multifold energy levels within the band gap.
A Novel Generalized Predictive Control and its Application on Active Clearance Control of Aero-Engine
Authors: Peng Kai , Fan Ding , Zhang Lei , Wang Qiu Xia
Published: December 2012

Turbine blade tip clearance continues to be a concern in the design and control of gas turbines. Ever increasing demands for improved efficiency and higher operating temperatures require more stringent tolerances on turbine tip clearance. An implicit active generalized predictive control with AR error modification and fuzzy adjustment on control horizon of aero-engine turbine tip clearance is presented and evaluated. The results show the resultant active tip clearance control system has good steady and dynamic performance and benefits of increased efficiency, reduced specific fuel consumption, and additional service life.
A New Design of Open Channel Flow Meter
Authors: Ma Jun , Wang Long Shan
Published: December 2012

As an important aspect of the environmental protection, there has been a problem of the high cost and low accuracy for the accurate measurement of the discharge sewage. Introduced a kind of improved slab intelligent sensor for flow measurement which is the independent research and development, its principle of the system, hardware design and software structure. Through compared the data of the flow testing experiment of the Parshall flume in the laboratory, the average error of the improved sensor is 1.76%, greatly reduced the error of the old one, the sensor makes the precise and low cost requirements come true, and has a broad application prospect in the market.
Process Optimization Studies Based on BP Neural Network in Electroless Plating of Ni-Fe-Co-P on Carbon Fiber
Authors: Jia Ying , Xu Hu , Feng Cheng , Wang Xing Yun
Published: December 2012

It presents a method to predict and optimize the electroless plating process, and to compare the predictive ability of the network to the experimental results. It combined with the neural network and orthogonal experiment and used a small step searching method to optimize the chemical process of plated Ni - Co-Fe-P on carbon fiber within the scope of the process parameters, got more optimized process recipe: the temperature is 88°C, ratio of the main salt concentration is 0.46, the concentration of sodium citrate is 46 g/L, and the pH value is 9.03, the concentration of sodium hypophosphite is 24 g/L. Through validating with experiments, the error between them is 2.39%, the linear correlation between the method of calculation and experimental program of the target is very good, and the correlation coefficient R =0.99943 which indicated that the training results are reliable and the BP neural network optimizing the process recipe is indeed feasible.
Algorithm for Inhibition of Zero Drift
Authors: Sun Jun Wei , Zhang Ya
Published: December 2012

By elaborating the basic idea of eliminating zero drift with software, derives the algorithm to eliminate three zero drift, and deals with the zero drift sampled signal using MATLAB software program after analyzing the internal features of baseline of zero drift, the slope of the zero drift and step zero drift.
Training Factors of Vibrotactile Display for Orientation
Authors: Hao Fei , Wu Juan , Lu Wei , Song Ai Guo
Published: December 2012

Two sets of comparative experiments to evaluate the performance difference between the untrained and the trained subjects are presented. In the experiments orientation information were transmitted into the given tactor vibrating of a wearable vibrotactile display waist belt consisting of 12 tactors. The results show that subjects could receive vibrotactile information better and faster after training.
Research and Application of Management System for Substation Asset Based on RFID
Authors: Wang Chun Xin , Liu Ya Kun , Wang Huan Juan , Li Zhao Feng
Published: December 2012

The smart grid promises a more efficient way of supplying and consuming energy. As an important part of smart grid, the electrical substation consists of many smart devices supported by the intelligent MIS integrated with the technology of internet of things (IoT). In this paper, we design an Intelligent Substation asset Management System (ISMS) based on RFID technology. ISMS includes two subsystems: Asset inventory query Management System (AIMS), asset Tracking Management System (ATMS). Moreover, we also propose a novel collision algorithm which can effectively address the intensive equipment recognition issue and a series of model for the asset inspection. The operation shows our solution can effectively sense the environmental object and monitor the substation assets.
Research and Applicability of Refraction Static Correction and Tomographic Inversion Static Correction
Authors: Yu Hao , Luo Wen Shan , Chen Yao , An Jing Juan
Published: December 2012

Refraction static correction and tomographic inversion static correction are commonly used in seismic data processing. It is often believed that the effect of tomographic inversion static correction is better than the effect of refraction static correction. But it is not true. This paper summarized the applicable conditions, advantages and disadvantages of these two methods. In low mountains areas, the effect of tomographic inversion static correction is better than the effect of refraction static correction. However, in loess tableland areas, the effect of refraction static correction is almost the same as the effect of tomographic inversion static correction. It can’t reflect the advantages of tomographic inversion static correction. All of the above is proved from models and sections. So each technique must meet its applicable conditions to reflect its superiorities. Integrated application of static correction methods is effective to solve the complex surface statics problems.
The Realization of the Sample Learning Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Tang Xiao , Wu Zhi Jian , Guo Le Jiang
Published: December 2012

Differential evolution algorithm is a kind of heuristic random search algorithm, and the traditional sample learning is to find a inductive assertion including all positive examples but not all counter-examples in the example space. But this process is endless and cumbersome because of the large number of the samples. The merit of difference evolution algorithm is searching in the community. So this paper using this merit to combine with sample learning then promoting efficiency.
Solving One Dimension Conservation Euler Equation Using Fifth-Order WENO-Boltzmann Method
Authors: Zhong Wei , Tian Zhou
Published: December 2012

A fifth order WENO-Boltzmann method for solving the one dimension conservation Euler equation was developed. A generalized lattice Boltzmann distribution function was defined, which could be calculated by the WENO difference schemes. Then the solving of the one dimension conservation Euler equation became the solving of the generalized lattice Boltzmann distribution function by the WENO difference schemes. The method kept the benefits of the WENO method such as the high precision and high resolution, and provided a new way to construct the lattice Boltzmann models for solving the Euler equation.
Course System Reformation of Bio-Resource Major in Guizhou Normal College
Authors: Jiang Jin Zhong , Wang Chao Ying , Ren Cui Juan , Li Yun , Huang Yan Fen , Pan Cong
Published: December 2012

Guizhou province has rich bio-resource and needs a mass of talents to develop it. Therefore, bio-resource-major in Guizhou province should be to train bio-resource-development talents as teaching goal. But existing bio-resource course system in our college can not be able to fulfil the teaching goal, for which the course system need to reform. To adapt to requirement of the course system reformation, new course system of bio-resource-major was discussed and established. The basis on which new course system was set up was knowledge and technique system needed in overall process of bio-resource development.
Geological Controls of the Coalbed Methane (CBM) Enrichment in the Zhengzhuang Coal Zone, Southern Qinshui Basin, China
Authors: Li Jun Qian , Liu Da Meng , Yao Yan Bin , Cai Yi Dong , Guo Xiao Qain , Zhang Hong Wei
Published: December 2012

For finding out favorable coalbed methane development districts, the evaluation of geological controls of CBM distribution and accumulation is essential during CBM exploration and development. In this paper, the No. 3 coal seam in the Zhengzhuang coal zone located at southern Qinshui Basin, China, was selected as a focus for comprehensively evaluating geological controls of CBM. The findings of this study are: (1) Coalbed gas contents increase with increasing mudstone roof thickness (ranging from 0-9 m), and will always be as high as 20 m3/t in the coal reservoirs with the mudstone roof thickness greater than about 9 m. (2) The weak transmission and stagnant coalbed water are favorable for CBM accumulation in coal reservoirs resulting from the typical hydraulic preservation of CBM. (3) High coalbed gas contents will commonly occur in vitrinite-rich and low-ash yield coals with high CH4 adsorptive capacity.
Geochemistry and Diagenetic Pattern of Ore-Bearing Rocks about Two Types of Gold Deposit in Fengxian-Taibai Basin, South Qinling
Authors: Li Qiang
Published: December 2012

Baguamiao and Shuangwang gold deposit are two important gold types in Fengxian-Taibai basin. The gold deposits are all located at the bottom of the Upper-Devonian Xing-hongpu Formation. However the ore-bearing rocks are different between them. The ore-bearing rock of Baguamiao gold deposit is ankerite rocks, which is concordant with the strata by bedded or stratoid and assume rhythmic layering form. The ore-bearing rock of Shuangwang gold deposit is albite breccias, which are mostly lens-shaped. The data of petrochemistry show that both of them are poor in Fe2O3 and K2O, which are different from normal sedimentary rocks. The elements contents of Cu, Pb and Zn are close to Clarke value. But the content of dispersed element Ge is rich in rocks, which reflect hydrothermal sedimentary origin. The characteristic of REE are different between them. The REE contents of ankerite rocks are low and elements of Ce and Eu are positive anomaly. The REE contents of albite breccias are close to regional strata and elements of Ce and Eu are middle negative. The chondrite-normalized REE patterns are also alike. It’s shown that the diagenetic fluid are high-density which been mixed by sea water slightly. So the ankerite rocks hold the REE characteristic of thermal fluid. The diagenetic fluid of albite breccias are low-density thermal fluid which been mixed by sea water intensively. It has same REE characteristic to normal sedimentary rocks.
Interaction between Supercritical CO2 and Coal Petrography
Authors: Chen Run
Published: December 2012

CO2enhanced CBM recovery(CO2-ECBM) is an important way for reducing CO2emission into atmosphere and enhancing coal-bed methane (CBM) recovery. The interaction between supercritical CO2and coal petrography has been investigated since the 1990s. Advances in the interaction between supercritical CO2and coal petrography are reviewed in light of certain aspects, such as the competitive multi-component gas adsorption, sorption-induced coal swelling/shrinkage and the fluid-solid coupling between fluids(such as gas, liquid and supercritical fluid) and coal petrography. It is suggested that a comprehensive feasibility demonstration is necessary for a successful application of the technology for CO2-ECBM. At the same time, it also indicated that there are some questions must be discussed in future, such as the influences on pore structure, coal adsorptivity and permeability of the reaction of ScCO2-H2O and rock and small organic matters are extracted by supercritical CO2.
Parameters Analysis on Construction Control of Precast Piles in Soft Soil Ground
Authors: Hu Xiang Qian , Zhao Xue Tun , Huang Hong Gang , Long Jun Ting
Published: December 2012

Based on the precast pile foundation field test of the power plant, the distribution and dissipation of the excess pore water pressure induced by the construction of the precast pile are first analyzed after the plastic drain board driven in the soft ground. Then the influence factors of the distribution and dissipation of the excess pore water pressure are presented. Subsequently the quality problem of the pre-date driven pile caused by the construction of the precast pile is studied. The main control parameters of the precast pile construction under the complicated condition are provided, which will provide a reference for such similar projects.
Roadway Deformation Test for Machine Excavation Disturbance
Authors: Wei Shan Yang , Wang Lei , Li Teng , Gao Tian Bao , Liu Ming
Published: December 2012

It can be concluded that two abreast near ways were suffered disturbed effects by one another in the cause of one’s excavation by studying the disturbed effects between JI17-22300 air way and machine way of JI16-22320 working face in the course of excavation ofJI17-22300 air way in Pingmei Shares Shikuang. We found three kinds of phenomenons. Firstly, the biggest deformation was the floor. Secondly, the stress concentration zone was10m-20m in front of the head of the roadway and floor drum violent activities for a period of 6-7 days. Lastly, stress appeared on two walls earlier of that of roof and floor stress appearance, namely wall deformation happened in distance of head-on20m, wall deformation amount begins to tend stable convergence after50~60 meters of roadway, those were happened in the roadways which were 450m depth, 11m span and at the drivage speed of 10m/d.
Application Research of Mtem in the Coal of Zhaoyang
Authors: Liu Xiang Hong , Zhang Ping Song , Sun Lin Hua , Chen Song
Published: December 2012

With the rapid increase of coal resource development, the process of exploitation of the mine to a deep continuous extension m deep mine water hazard, geological structure and gas, geological problems of mine safety and efficient production will be more prominent, and rely on the existing geological exploration resultsdifficult to achieve the safety of geological and traditional geological methods to protect this purpose. Therefore, the use of advanced detection technology and equipment to the mine water and its complex geological structure of advanced detection forecasting, and dynamic monitoring, vital to the development of high-yield and efficient mine. Mine transient electromagnetic method for its detection of directional volume effect is small, fast and accurate can be advantages to solve the underground tunnel at different spatial distribution of body water damage, especially for tracking detection of the roadway for the efficient and safe roadway excavation to provide strong geological assurance.
Discussion on Stability of Soft Rock Underground Cavern with Lower Confining Pressure Controlling Measures
Authors: Huang Dong Chen , Liu Chuan Xiao , Liu Zhi Hao , Wang Long
Published: December 2012

In underground engineering, soft rock underground cavern problems are often found. Based on the basic principles of underground engineering support, by support strength from the technical specification and practical observation data, we can reach a conclusion on the basis of soft rock underground cavern stability with lower confining pressure controlling measures. The supporting force is 3MPa in average, the max value of the supporting force is 9MPa. The supporting forces belong to the range of lower confining pressure.
Study on Zoning of Overburden Strata and Roadway Deformation of Ascending Mining in Thin Coal Seam
Authors: Tang Jian Xin , Li Ya Lin , Jia Ya Jie , Sun Le Le
Published: December 2012

In order to solve the problems appeared in mining process of upper seam in Xiaohezui coal mine, a technical scheme of ascending mining was put forward. UDEC, a discrete element numerical simulation soft was used to study the characteristics of zoning of overburden strata and the rule of vertical stress distribution of the upper coal, the results show that the upper coal is on the top of the equilibrium belt without step dislocation, the structure of roof stratum and floor stratum stay complete with slight separations, so ascending mining is feasible; the range of the upper coal influenced by the stoping of below working face is -85m~65m, the vertical stress reaches a maximum 15m ahead the below working face, and reaches a minimum behind it 25m. It is applied in the engineering practice, the roadway deformation discipline of the upper coal is similar to the distribution rule of vertical stress, provides a theoretical basis for guiding and improving the roadway support of ascending mining.
Solid-Gas Coupling Model and Numerical Simulation of Coal Containing Gas Based on Comsol Multiphysic
Authors: Li Sheng Zhou , Jiang Chang Bao , Yao Jun Wei , Li Ming Hui
Published: December 2012

Solid-gas coupling effect of coal containing gas is studied in order to understand the gas percolation mechanism in coal and rock. On the premise of that porosity and permeability of coal and rock are in dynamic changes and Klinkenberg effect, then seepage mechanics and elastic-plastic mechanics are considered together to established solid-gas coupling model of coal containing gas. With the given fixed solution conditions and parameters, the simulation results of mathematical model is found by the Comsol Multiphysic finite element software. Simulation results are consistent with the stress-strain law, deformation and failure modes of specimen in the experiment. Seepage law obtained in numerical simulation has same trends with experimental data. The elastoplastic solid-gas coupling model of coal containing gas can effectively describe the mechanical percolation characteristics of coal containing gas.
Study on Collision early Alert System of Large-Scale Mechanical Equipment for Hydropower Station Construction
Authors: Lu Na , Xiao Zhi Huai , Chen Jia , Cai Tian Fu , Zhang Zhi Qiang
Published: December 2012

Collision between mechanical equipment during the process of hydropower station construction frequently happens, and always causes great damage. Consequently, a set of collision early alert system, which employs GPS positioning technology, wireless microwave communication technology and virtual instrument technology, was developed. Functions of this system include dynamic picture display of the field model, sound light anti-collision alert of the mechanical equipment, remote monitoring of the running equipment, and fault diagnosis of the GPS equipment. With this system, the collision possibility among the various equipment in the process of operation was reduced. The paper mainly introduces the system’s hardware design, software design, collision calculation and so on. Practicability, efficiency and reliability of this system have been proved through experiment and practice in LONGKAIKOU hydropower station.
Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of Badaowan Formation in Dishuiquan Area, Junggar Basin
Authors: Wang Zhe , Jin Zhen Kui , Li Gui Zai
Published: December 2012

In the light of the principle and method of sequence stratigraphy, the sequence stratigraphic framework of Badaowan formation in the Dishuiquan area was established. The results show that the sequence of Badaowan formation is one and half, including 5 system tracts. The whole experiences the process of retrogradation, progradation and then retrogradation again. There develop three types of sedimentary facies such as braided river, braided river delta and lakes, five types of sedimentary subfacies and 10 types of sedimentary microfacies. Most of JSQ1 sequence lowstand system tract is braided rivers, the lacustrine transgressive system tract mainly develops shore-shallow lacustrine sediment and most of highstand system tract is braided river delta; lowstand systems tract of JSQ2 sequence mainly develops braided river delta, most of the lacustrine transgressive system tract is shore-shallow lacustrine sediments.
Desulfurization Process of High-Sulfur Coal by Full-Flotation
Authors: Li Ming Xiao , Jian Sheng , Liu Mei Hua , Lv Jin Fang
Published: December 2012

The coal sample from the Shijiazhai mine located in the east of Yunnan province of China, is characterized with high ash and sulfur content which are 64.90% and 8.66% respectively. Analysis results indicate that coal and pyrite are the valuable minerals that can be recycled from the crude ore. According to the properties of the ore, a full-flotation flowsheet is proposed to process the ore. The coal is separated by depressing the pyrite firstly, then the pyrite is activated and flotated. Based on the regulating of reagent scheme and flowsheet process, the optimum small-scale closed circuit experiment is conducted to obtain a coal concentrate with a yield of 37.18%, assaying 41.10% C and 5.38% S at a C recovery of 83.05%, and a S concentrate with a yield of 6.18%, assaying 9.04% C and 42.49% S at a S recovery of 30.56%, which could provide technical support for the building of the plant.
Effect of Ball Material Ratio on the Grinding Efficiency of Copper-Bearing Minerals in Dahongshan
Authors: Wang Chun Mei , Zhuang Gu Zhang , Yin Hai
Published: December 2012

In this paper, The Copper-bearing minerals Powder (≤2mm) in Dahongshan is used in conical ball grinding, the experimental study shows that the effect of ball material ratio on the grinding efficiency is obvious. The critical value and the optimal value range of the ball material ratio are different on different grinding stages, the feasible ball material ratio of coarse grinding is bigger than the one of fine grinding. In the test conditions, in terms of the ball material ratio, the critical value of ores’ over crushing in coarse grinding is 13, and the optimal range is 6-8, which is beneficial to the next beneficiation; while the critical value in fine grinding is 7 and the optimal range is 5-7. Although the ball material ratios are different, the change rule of grinding fineness corresponding to different particle size fractions is consistent, which can be used as a reference in the site operation optimization.
Oxygen Diffusivity of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ Perovskite Oxide
Authors: Liu Yan Wei , Lü Zhe
Published: December 2012

La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ composite oxide was prepared and characterized. Dilatometer and four-probe DC were exploited to investigate the thermal expansion and electrical conductivity, respectively. The thermal expansion curve was linear, but it became steeper at the high temperature region, as a result of the loss of lattice oxygen and the formation of oxygen vacancies. The conductivity increased with temperature up to about 600oC, and then decreased due to the loss of lattice oxygen. The maximum conductivity was more than 300 S cm-1. The chemical diffusion coefficient in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ was estimated by analyzing the conductivity relaxation behavior. The relaxation process of the conductivity change for La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ was traced as a function of time, at a fixed temperature. It was found that the chemical diffusion coefficients measured at temperatures 720-770oC vary from 710-8 to 110-7 cm2 S-1. The activation energy for oxygen diffusion in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ, derived from the chemical diffusion coefficient is 40.8±3.6 kJ mol-1.
Research on the Flotation Process of a Complex Lead-Zinc Ore in Lanping
Authors: Yang Jun Long , Liu Quan Jun , Jiang Mei Guang , Xiao Hong
Published: December 2012

A kind of complex Pb-Zn ore has been studied. The run-of-mine grade of Lead was 2.84%, with the oxidation rate of 90.95%. And the grade of Zinc was 3.22%, with the oxidation rate of 87.9%. The optimal grinding fineness was about to 94.6%. Use the best reagent combination which obtained by condition test, the final results was that the grade of Lead concentrate was 23.41% and the recovery rate was 86.75%, included silver 805.76 g/t; the grade of the Zinc concentrate was 32.65%, and the recovery rate was 80.11%.
Practice and Theory of Restructuring Water Flooding Series in Sabei Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Ji Cheng , Li Hong Mei
Published: December 2012

In Sabei Development Area, with the developments of oilfield infill wells, the production targets of each set of well nets went bad and had interleaved distributions with old well patterns. At the same time, polymer flooding well patterns made the conflict of cohesion and dynamic regulation outstanding. Especially, Beierdong, which was the earliest block using infill drilling modification, got the good development effect at beginning, however, with the progress of oilfield development, there were some troubles in the development period with extra high water, such as long section of perforation, obvious inconsistencies between formations and high water of layers, which brought difficulties to dynamically adjusting. To fully exploit the remaining oil potential, this paper selected 1.30 km2 west blocks in Beierdong, made tests about sediment group restructuring to improve water flooding development effect, redistribute the series of strata and redistribute the flooding network according to the characteristics of development between the layers, combined comprehensive consideration with follow-up adjustment such as primary network, injection production system and type II reservoir the tertiary oil production, optimized the layers combination and well patterns arrangement, finally formed technical ideas of high water cut layers adjustment and well nets evolution.
Application of Smooth Drill Collars with High WOB Deviation Control Technology in Xujiaweizi Area
Authors: Han Fu Bin , Jiang Yuan Ting , Ma Shuang
Published: December 2012

Because the hard strata and big angle of bedding, deep wells in Daqing Xujiaweizi area well deviate easily. Low efficiency and long drilling cycle are big problems of drilling engineering since small bit weight is used to avoid well deviation. To improve efficiency, Smooth drill collars with high bit weight WOB technology is used in the deep wells in Daqing Xujiaweizi area. Facts prove that penetration rate can be increased more than 20% , bit life can be extended more than 30% and well deviation can be corrected in Daqing Xujiaweizi deep drilling. This paper through analyzes the mechanism of smooth drill collars BHA ,then build kinematic model and dynamic mode,so bit side force's Solution formula is worked out,Get the principles and applicability of smooth drill collars with high bit weight WOB technology.
Laboratory Test Researches of Steamflooding after Polymerflooding to Improve Recovery
Authors: Chen Tao Ping , Jiang Chao , Wang Li Li
Published: December 2012

Research feasibility of steamflooding after polymerflooding to thin oil reservoir to improve recovery, experiments are carried out. Materials are natural core cylindrical. First, waterflooding and polymerflooding are studied at 45°C and steamflooding the environment temperature and injection steam temperature is studied. The results showed range of steamflooding recovery increased to 28.3%. When fixed pressure, steamflooding recovery is increasing with the number PV. Ultimately they are stable value. Efficient the number of PV is 1.4.Steamflooding recovery range is increasing then reducing. Optimum displacement temperature is exceeding saturation vapor 10-15°C.Steamflooding efficiency is concerned with pressure and steam injection rate. Excessive steam rate is insignificant and in this experiment 0.2ml/min is appropriate.Permeability increasing contributes to recovery increasing. But in higher steam injection temperature, extortionate permeability , 1μm2 ,can increase steam fingering. Increasing steam injection temperature can boost obviously steam recovery to medium permeability cores .
Raman Spectra of Hydrocarbon in Returned Drilling Fluid Using Co-Focal Laser Raman Microscopy
Authors: Tang Ming Ming , Zhang Jin Liang
Published: December 2012

Hydrocarbon detection while drilling (HDWD) is important for obtain proper drilling performance. In this report, Raman spectra for hydrocarbon in returned water based drilling fluid have been acquired using He-Ne laser (633nm) excitation. The relative intensities of several Raman bands are found to depend on the concentration of hydrocarbon in returned drilling fluid. Spectra are interpreted as indicating that Raman spectra could be used as potential method for HDWD.
Study on Borehole Stability of Unconsolidated Sandstone in Depleted Reservior
Authors: Tan Qiang , Deng Jin Gen , Yu Bao Hua
Published: December 2012

Reservoir pressure will decline generally along with production in the oil and gas development process. There are some problems such as borehole collapse or reduced diameter and lost circulation in drilling of initial production stage in unconsolidated sandstone. As the formation pressure declines the stress around borehole changes, and then collapse pressure and fracture pressure are affected. Especially in directional wells, variation of wellbore stability is more complex with different borehole deviation and azimuth. The calculation models of collapse and fracture pressure in depleted reservoirs were established, and relevant data in unconsolidated sand reservoir of an oilfield in Bohai Sea was used to calculate collapse pressure and fracture pressure of directional wells in the condition of pressure depletion before and after. The results showed that collapse and fracture pressure decreased as formation pressure depletion, and safe drilling fluid density window was wider when drilled to the direction of minimum horizontal principle stress. The calculation results can be reference to drilling design of adjustment wells in unconsolidated sandstones.
Research on Microscopic Characteristics of Remaining Oil Distribution after Strong Alkali ASP Flooding by Laser Scanning Confocal Technology
Authors: Liu Yi Kun , Cai Ling Zhe , Chen Ling Yun , Wang Feng Jiao
Published: December 2012

Different types of micro-pore structure and variation characteristics after long-term washing have a greater impact on micro-remaining-oil migration direction, distribution and content. This article applied Confocal Laser Scanning Technology to study reservoir fluid property and remaining oil micro distribution after strong alkali ASP flooding. Comparing the Laser Confocal analysis pictures of natural core after water drive and ASP flooding, coming to the conclusions that strong alkali ASP flooding sweep out larger amounts of heavy oil than water drive. Counting the ratio of different types micro-remaining-oil, and analysing on the displacement effects and mechanism of different types remaining oil after strong alkali ASP flooding.
Optimization of Well Spacing for Tight Sandstone Gas Reservoirs - Case Study of Eastern Sulige Gas Field
Authors: Luo Rui Lan , Fan Ji Wu , Liao Hong Mei , Xu Wen
Published: December 2012

Influenced by special geologic condition and stimulation, the production performance of tight fractured gas well is obviously different from that of conventional gas well. During deliverability testing, the hydraulic fractured gas well can never reach steady state with limited test time. It is difficult to calculate reserve and drainage area accurately at early development stage. Take eastern Sulige gas field for example, by correctly recognizing the percolation characteristics and production performance of hydraulically-fractured tight gas wells, and combined with core analysis, 116 hydraulically fractured tight gas wells in eastern Sulige gas field have been analyzed. A prediction chart of recoverable reserve for estern Sulige gas field is established. With this chart, the ultimately recoverable reserves, drainage sizes, drainage lengths and drainage widths of 116 hydraulically-fractured tight gas wells in eastern Sulige gas field are predicted based on early stage of production data, and finally a reasonable well spacing for this field is suggested. Only utilizing routine production data without employing additional resources, this method is a good predictive guide to launch a development plan of tight gas field.
Energy Control in the Depletion of Gas Condensate Reservoirs with Different Permeabilities
Authors: Hu Wen Ge , Li Xiang Fang , Yang Xin Zhou , Wu Ke Liu , Shi Jun Tai
Published: December 2012

Energy control (i. e. pressure control) has an obvious effect on development effect in the depletion of gas condensate reservoir. Phase change behavior and characteristics of the relative pemeability in gas condensate reservoirs were displayed in this paper, then pressure and condensate distribution were showed through reservoir simulation. Finally, the influence of the pressure drop on condensate distribution and condensate oil production in gas condensate reservoirs with different permeabilities was studied. Results show that: First, in high / moderate permeability gas condensate reservoirs, the pressure and the condensate blocking will extend to further reservoir, while the pressure and condensate just appear in the vicinity of wellbore in low permeability gas condensate reservoirs. Second, the influence of pressure drop on condensate distribution in high permeability gas condensate reservoirs is obvious, the condensate blocking extends with the increasing of the pressure drop, and condensate extent can be controlled by optimizing a rational pressure drop, while the influence is inconspicuous in low permeability gas condensate reservoirs. Third, the influence of pressure drop on condensate oil production in high / moderate permeability gas condensate reservoirs is conspicuous, a rational pressure drop exists, while the influence is indistinct in low permeability or tight gas condensate reservoirs, before the retrograde condensation, a low pressure drop should be adopted in a long term until the bottom hole flowing pressure drops below the dew point pressure, when the condensate blocking forms, well stimulation is advised before developing by pressure control.
Logging Curve Rebuilding Technology Aimed at Seismic Horizon Calibration
Authors: Du Xin Jiang , Peng Cheng Min , Zang Xiao Hua , Zhang Tao , Du Le Le
Published: December 2012

Due to geologic conditions and drilling and logging technology limitation, many wells, especially old exploration wells are often collapsed in the borehole, which influences the quality of the logging curves. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the effect of borehole collapse on logging curves and obtain the logging that could actually reflect the formation, when synthetic seismogram is established. The logging rebuilding technology based on multiple-element regression can improve synthetic seismogram apparently, and it has presented good application results.
Research of Seabed Rescue Method of Uncontrolled Blowout in Offshore Drilling
Authors: Ren Mei Peng , Li Xiang Fang , Shi Fu Quan , Ma Long
Published: December 2012

Presently, rescue equipment and method for uncontrolled blowout in offshore drilling are very rare, of which the consequences were very serious. With analysis of mechanics of materials based on shut-in water hammer pressure and wellhead pressure while rescuing, and fluid mechanics of uncontrolled blowout based CFD, a rescue equipment for uncontrolled blowout in offshore drilling has been invented, and proposing a rescue method. There are several emergency scenarios have been made. Take the “deep horizon oil rig” in the gulf of Mexico for example, the flow field properties around this equipment could be calculated by software to prove the reliability of it. The equipment is a conceptual invention which could be designed in different types according to the size and strength of original wellhead. This equipment could prevent well blowout and collect leaped oil.
Optimization Proration Research in Volcanic Reservoir in Songnan Gas Field
Authors: Liu Hua , Shi Zhi Liang , Li Xiang Fang , Gao Yun Cong
Published: December 2012

Volcanic Reservoir in Songnan gas field is now in the early development, the scale of the single well and stable development put forward important requirements, reasonable match is efficient in gas reservoir development of the key. According to the geological conditions of volcanic rock reservoirs special, in the full analysis of the dynamic and static data, and on the basis of preliminary mastered the gas, water relations; And the use of gas production method, the method of curve, economic boundary method and the improvement of horizontal Wells method of the gas line technology reasonable production optimization and argument, high efficient and economical for gas field development.
Water Production Performance and its Control of the Ya-Da Condensate Gas Reservoir
Authors: Li Zong Yu , Zhang Ai , Xu Shi Sheng , He Yun Feng
Published: December 2012

This paper takes Yakela-dalaoba edge water and the Luntai basal water condensate gas reservoir for example, analyzes the condensate gas reservoir of edge-water or basal-water production characteristics, water production law in development process, and summarizes the three kinds of type water production of condensate gas reservoir, and put forward water control countermeasures specific to different water production type. Set up four edge-water or basal-water breakthrough models of gas condensate wells and the corresponding control measures, and being applied to the water control of Ya-Da gas condensate wells water gradually and the control effect is remarkable. Through the research of water production law and control countermeasures in Ya-Da condensate gas reservoir, provide significant development guidance for the other condensate gas reservoir which contains water.
Permeability Curves Characteristic Analysis of L Oilfield
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Zhi Ping , Liu Guo Ming
Published: December 2012

The L oilfield Cretaceous (M-I-1), Jurassic Department (Ю-0-3) clastic pore types, including primary porosity, secondary porosity and cracks in three categories, their characteristics and the degree of development. Chalk Department of particles holes and grain dissolution porosity, an average of 53.2%, followed by argillaceous porous and contraction joints, while a small number of particles dissolved pore, showing a small amount of paste particles seam and tensile crack; Jurassic inter-granular holes and intra-granular dissolution porosity is developed, accounting for the porosity as high as 95%, while a small amount of argillaceous porous and granulizing hole and a very small amount of mold holes. L Oilfield Cretaceous and Jurassic reservoirs inter-granular pores, inter-granular dissolution pore, pore throat combination M-I-1, mainly to large - in the hole, micro-throat, Ю-0-3 large - in the hole Extra Coarse - rough throat-based thin throat, Ю-0-1, Jurassic sandstone pore structure better than the Cretaceous.
Research Progress on the Driving Force of Gas Hydrate Formation
Authors: Wang Chun Long , Zhang Xue Min , Li Jin Ping , Wang Lin Jun , Jiao Liang
Published: December 2012

Predicting the driving force accurately is the key process to hydrate nucleating and growing of hydration reaction. The nucleating and growing process of hydrate is relevant to temperature, pressure and component of reactant, and the property of reaction tank and intermiscibility of reactant have notable effect on the formation process of hydrate with its nucleating position, the induction time, growth rate and hydration rate. However, the present driving force model of hydrate cannot predict nucleating area, induction time, growth rate and the reaction limit, and also can't explain the influence of some factors such as cooling rate, temperature disturbance and inlet way on the hydration reaction, it is uncertain of the process to gas hydrate nucleation. We introduced some driving force models, analyzed their merits and demerits, and looked into the distance of research direction to driving force in the future.
Biodegradation of Paraffin Crude Oil by an Isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa N2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Meng Xiao , Zhang Zhong Zhi , Wang Shan , Shen Afang
Published: December 2012

In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa N2 was used to investigate the effects of biodegradation on paraffin crude oil for microbial enhanced oil recovery. Hydrocarbon degradation and the polar component production were illustrated by different analysis methods, respectively. Strain N2 had a high emulsion capability to enhance the dissolution of crude oil, which improved the utilization of crude oil. GC-MS results showed that the relative abundance of heavy hydrocarbon was decreased after biodegradation with the increase of hydrocarbon fractions of C19, C20and C25. ESI FT ICR-MS was used to study the changes of the polar components. Analysis revealed that the relative abundance of N1and O1species was decreased, corresponding to the increase of the relative abundance of N1O1, N1O2, N1O3and O2species. These polar components have the effort to reduce the interface tension and oil viscosity, thereby promoting anti-coalescence and reducing plugging to enhanced oil recovery.
Petroleum Systems in the Paris Sedimentary Basin, Europe
Authors: Hu Hai Yan , Lu Song , Xiao Hang Zhou
Published: December 2012

The Paris Basin encompasses most part of the northern half of France and is roughly circular in shape, centered around the city of Paris. Three known source rocks intervals are recognized in the basin. Main reservoirs in the basin were composed of the Triassic sandstones, Middle Jurassic (Dogger) limestones and Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) sandstones. Interbedded continental red shales provide seals for the Middle Triassic deltaic sandstones and parallel dolomitic reservoirs. There were the nine hydrocarbon plays in the basin. Three known petroleum systems are recognized in the basin. They are Upper Carboniferous - Triassic, Middle Lias - Triassic and Upper Lias - Dogger petroleum systems.
The Thinking of Shale Gas Development in China According to the US Shale Gas Development Experiments
Authors: Liu Ya Xin
Published: December 2012

This paper introduces American shale gas resource development experience and technique. The author also discusses China's shale gas resource potential and current states of exploration and development. Based on this information, this paper puts forward some strategic concepts of accelerating shale gas development in China.
Logging Identification Technology of Sedimentary Facies and Gas Layers within Low Pressure, Low Permeability and Low Abundance Gas Reservoirs: Example from SQW Block of the Sulige Gas Field, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Lu Fang , Du Xin Jiang , Mao Zhi Jun , Zhou Yan , Cui Yue Bin , Zhu Ping , Li Jie , Du Yang Yang
Published: December 2012

Sulige Gas Field is located in the Suligemiao area, northwest of the Ordos Basin, with a prospecting area of about 4×104km2. Owing to the strong heterogeneity in the SQW Block, one of exploration blocks in the Sulige Gas Field, remains reservoir characteristics of the gas field: lithologic gas reservoirs with characteristics of “three low” (low pressure, low permeability and low abundance). The He8 member of the Shihezi formation, the major exploration target, is deposited in braided river environment. The conventional logging data is very useful to indentify different facies and to estimate gas potential. The technology of discrimination with sedimentary facies and gas layers using logging data is established in this paper. We use the technology combining with AVO and other exploration methods to pick out 4 favorable exploration target areas with the success rate of more than 80%.