bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Printing Method of the First Edition of Kim So-wol’s Poetry Collection Azalea Flower through Image Comparison and Analysis
Authors: Yoo Woo Sik , Yoo Yeongsik
Published: October 2024

Two first editions of Kim So-wol’s poetry collection Azalea Flower(진달래꽃), published by Maemunsa on December 26, 1925, became registered cultural properties. The first edition was sold with a different cover through Joong Ang Seorim(中央書林) and Hanseong Book Co., Ltd.(漢城圖書株式會社). Among the poems published in the two editions, the printed image of the poem titled Azalea Flower, which is the same as the title of the poetry collection, was compared and analyzed using image analysis software PicMan. As a result of image analysis, it was confirmed that the height of the area where the poem was printed was the same, but there was a difference of about 2.4% in width. We looked into the printing method to determine why the Joong Ang Seorim edition was narrow and the Hanseong Book Co., Ltd. edition was about 2.4% wider. By investigating the letterpress printing methods used for printing in the 1920s, it was assumed that the difference in printing area width was due to the difference between the platen press or flatbed press method and the rotary press printing method. The possibility of systematic research was presented by identifying various characteristics such as printing methods of modern bibliographies through image analysis.
Study on the Methods for Reducing Discoloration of Orpiment Pigment used in Traditional Material Dancheong
Authors: Oh Ji Woo , Bae Su Bin , Han Kyeong Soon
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to address the unstable Orpiment pigment by enhancing its stability through mixing and blending pigments to reduce discoloration. This experimental study focused on reproducing the natural color of orpiment by combining pure orpiment with two types of ochre and calcite powder to create complemented pigments. Experiments on artificial aging and coating adhesion were conducted to verify the stability of pure orpiment and the complemented pigments. Additionally, layering tests were carried out with lead(Pb) present in Red lead and copper(Cu) present in Malachite to observe the degree of discoloration. The experimental results of this study determined that mixing pure orpiment with calcite powder most closely resembles the hue and brightness of pure orpiment, despite noticeable fading under ultraviolet light. Conversely, orpiment mixed with ochre was lower in brightness and hue but demonstrated marked improvement in resisting discoloration. Therefore, combining orpiment and ochre in a ratio of 4:6 5:5 is expected to minimize color changes due to environmental factors when applied to external Dancheong. Additionally, when layering pure orpiment and complemented pigments on top of pigments containing lead and copper elements, the complemented pigments showed a reduction in discoloration compared to that of pure orpiment. Therefore, to prevent discoloration entirely, it is necessary to combine complemented pigments with further preventative painting techniques during the traditional Dancheong painting process.
Efficacy of multimodal analgesia based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Lingli , Yao Lu , Qin Jianfen , Xu Hongzhen
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore the effect of multimodal analgesia based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in patients undergoing laparoscopic radical gastrectomy (LRG) for gastric cancer (GC).
Methods: Clinical data of 128 patients undergoing LRG for GC, admitted to Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from March 2021 to March 2022, were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 66 patients received a multimodal analgesic management based on ERAS (ERAS group), and 62 patients were treated with conventional mode of analgesia (control group). Pain levels, rehabilitation status, as well as inflammatory factors and stress response indicators before and after surgery were compared between the two groups.
Results: There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative pain and recovery in the ERAS group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). After the surgery, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in both groups increased compared to before the surgery, but were significantly lower in the ERAS group compared to the control group (P<0.05). After the surgery, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) levels in both groups increased, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels decreased compared to preoperative levels. The observed postoperative levels of serum MDA and XOD were significantly lower in the ERAS group, while the postoperative SOD levels were higher compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Patients undergoing LRG for GC can benefit from a multimodal pain management plan based on ERAS to reduce postoperative pain, alleviate inflammation, stress responses, and shorten the postoperative recovery process.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.10088
How to cite this: Xu L, Yao L, Qin J, Xu H. Efficacy of multimodal analgesia based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2190-2195. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.10088
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ilizarov versus ORIF for Open AO Type-C Pilon Fractures
Authors: Shaikh Saeed Ahmed , Tanweer Malik Osama , Tahir Muhammad , Ahmed Nadeem
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of ORIF versus Ilizarov for the management of Type C closed pilon fractures of the distal tibia at 12 months follow up.
Methods: This retrospective cross sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) between 29th May 2015 and 27th November 2019 that included patients 18 years and older diagnosed with open AO type C pilon fractures. The primary outcome was the patient-reported Disability Rating Index (DRI) months. While the secondary outcomes were quality of life assessment using the patient satisfaction form (SF-12) and AOFAS-Ankle Hindfoot Score. Radiographs were assessed for fracture healing, time to healing, and malalignment.
Results: Fifteen patients underwent ORIF, while 26 patients were treated with Ilizarov, there was no statistically significant difference in DRI scores at 12 months between the two groups. In terms of clinical outcomes, both groups had comparable results throughout the follow-up period. The number of unplanned surgical procedures was not statistically significant (p=0.73), 26.92% (n=7) in the Ilizarov as compared to 33.33% (n=5) in the ORIF group.
Conclusion: Among patients with an acute, displaced, intra-articular fracture of the distal tibia, neither external fixation nor locking plate fixation resulted in superior disability status at 12 months. Patient factors may need to be considered in deciding the optimal approach.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.8941
How to cite this: Shaikh SA, Tanveer MO, Tahir M, Ahmed N. Ilizarov versus ORIF for Open AO Type-C Pilon Fractures. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2213-2218. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.8941
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Burden of congenital and hereditary anomalies and their epidemiological attributes in the pediatric and adult population of Peshawar valley, Pakistan
Authors: Syeda Farwa Naqvi  , Umi Ameena  , Waheed Uddin Qazi  , Sulman Ahmad  , Anjum Iqbal  , Sajid Malik
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To elucidate the burden and clinico-epidemiological attributes of congenital and hereditary anomalies (CA) in the extended Peshawar Valley of Pakistan.
Method: This is a multicenter cross sectional study carried out in Buner, Charsadda, Mardan, Nowshera, Peshawar and Swabi districts, during 2017-2021. The pediatric and adult patients with CA were recruited from hospitals, public places and through door-to-door surveys. The anomalies were classified with the help of specialized clinicians. Descriptive statistics was employed.
Results: In this study, 1065 independent subjects with certain types of CA from independent households were included. The index males were 71%; the majority of subjects originated from rural areas (72%), and spoke Pashto (96%). The CA were categorized into 10 major and at least 104 minor categories. There was highest representation of neurological disorders, n=375 (proportion.: 0.352; 95% CI: 0.323-0.381), followed by limb defects (n=281; prop.: 0.264), sensorineural defects (n=128; prop.: 0.120), musculoskeletal defects (n=84; prop.: 0.079), visual impairments (n=67; prop.: 0.063), hemoglobinopathies (n=40; prop.: 0.038), ectodermal disorders (n=34; prop.: 0.032), cardiovascular anomalies (n=19; prop.: 0.018), and orofacial anomalies (n=19; prop). Among the neurological disorder, intellectual disabilities and cerebral palsy were highly prevalent. The majority of the cases had a sporadic presentation (68%), and isolated occurrence (72%), whereas parental consanguinity was witnessed in 58% of cases.
Conclusion: A wide range of CA were witnessed in this cohort with a preponderance of neurological disorders. The majority of the anomalies are of severe nature rendering a high morbidity burden in the population and requiring early detection, intervention and management.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9234
How to cite this: Naqvi SF, Ameena U, Qazi W, Ahmad S, Iqbal A, Malik S. Burden of congenital and hereditary anomalies and their epidemiological attributes in the pediatric and adult population of Peshawar valley, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2181-2189.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9234
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Angiographic findings in patients with Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Ullah Ikramullah , Farooq ahmad  , Anwarul Haq  , Sheer Wali Khan
Published: October 2024

Background & Objective: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can be divided into subgroups of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), Non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (USA). Patients diagnosed with NSTEMI are either treated conservatively or early invasive strategy is adopted. In NSTEMI it is believed that either one or more vessel is transiently occluded or that the blood flow is critically reduced in a patent vessel i.e. subtotal occlusion. This study was conducted to find the angiographic characteristics of NSTEMI patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Cardiology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. It was Cross Sectional Study. Data was collected from 8th November 2022 to 8th May 2023. Consecutive non-probability sampling technique was used to collect data from the patients.
Results: Total of 300 patients were studied. The mean age was 56.95 years ±1.176 standard deviation. Male patients were 201 (67%) and remaining were female. It was found that 51(17%) of total NSTEMI patients were having totally obstructed coronary artery (OCA) in one or more coronary arteries. In NSTEMI, non-obstructive CAD (<50%) were found in 81 (27%) of patients whereas 219 (73%) were having significant CAD. It was found that 40% were having single vessel CAD, 32% were having double vessel CAD and 28% were having triple vessel CAD. TVCAD was present significantly higher in advance age, Diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and family history of CAD.
Conclusion: Patients having NSTEMI are usually having multiple risk factors and having usually severe and multivessel CAD.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9499
How to cite this: Ikramullah, Ahmad F, Haq A, Khan SW. Angiographic findings in patients with Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2228-2232. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9499
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Homicide-Suicides in Pakistan: An analysis of Newspaper reports of two years
Authors: Imran Nazish , Ayub Maryam , Haider Imran Ijaz , Rafiq Bariah , Tahir Sania Mumtaz , Naveed Sadiq , Khan Murad Moosa
Published: October 2024

Background and Objective: Our understanding of homicide-suicide (H-S), a rare yet tragic event, is sparse. While the phenomenon has been studied in the West for many years, only limited literature is available from Asia and none to our knowledge from Pakistan. There is evidence of complexity of the interaction between cultural, societal, and psychological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon; therefore, research findings from the Western countries cannot be directly applied in non-Western societies. Our objective was to study homicide-suicides in Pakistan, describe the characteristics of offenders and victims, determine the types of H-S, and examine possible motives and any events prior to the offense.
Methods: In the absence of any official data on homicide-suicides, we used newspaper surveillance approach of four most widely circulated Pakistani newspapers (one Urdu and three English Daily) for two years (1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020). Each case was categorized using the modified Marzuk et al., Tardiff, and Hirsch’s classification of homicide-suicides. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data that was then compared with published literature.
Results: There were 114 H-S incidents with 198 victims of homicide during the study period, reported in the newspapers. Familial H-S particularly filicide-suicide were predominant, followed by spousal/ consortial H-S. Forty-one (36%) H-S involved multiple victims. The perpetrators across all categories of H-S were predominantly male (67%); the victims were predominantly women and children. Firearms were used in most incidents. The primary motive for the majority of H-S cases was familial, financial, and social stressors.
Conclusions: The study highlights several unique patterns (predominance of familicide, multiple victims including high proportion of children) and a series of vulnerabilities (incidents related mostly to familial/ financial and social stressors) that overlap each other and ultimately lead to this tragic end. There is need to increase our understanding and develop effective evidence-based prevention strategies for H-S in Pakistan. It is also very important to have a national surveillance network and national violent death reporting system in the country for studying H-S cases, and for evaluating the impact of prevention programs.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9812
How to cite this: Imran N, Ayub M, Haider II, Rafiq B, Tahir SM, Naveed S, et al. Homicide-Suicides in Pakistan: An analysis of Newspaper reports of two years. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2196-2201. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9812
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The efficacy of acupuncture-assisted blind insertion of bullet nasointestinal tube method in patients with ischemic stroke: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Hongyan , Chen Jiayu , Chen Huan , Lv Xiaoxia , Lu Zhenchan , Sun Yanhua
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore the efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) acupuncture-assisted blind insertion of bullet nasointestinal tube method in patients with ischemic stroke.
Methods: This is a retrospective study using clinical records of 180 patients with ischemic stroke, hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of the Zhejiang Province Tertiary Class A Hospital, Huzhou, China from July 2022 to June 2023. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the nasogastric tube insertion method. We selected 90 patients for each group from the database of records by using a random list method. Patients in the observation group underwent TCM acupuncture-assisted blind insertion of nasointestinal tube and those in the control group underwent the traditional bedside blind insertion of bullet nasointestinal tube. Success rate of tube insertion, average tube insertion time, intragastric insertion time, stomach time to jejunal insertion, patient comfort, and patient satisfaction in both groups were compared.
Results: The success rate of nasointestinal tube insertion was significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (96.6% and 88.9%, p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the time of nasoenteral tube insertion into the stomach (p>0.05). The insertion time from stomach to jejunum in the observation group was significantly shorter than in the control group (p<0.05). The patient comfort and satisfaction levels were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: TCM acupuncture-assisted blind insertion of bullet nasointestinal tube method improves the success rate of tube insertion, shortens the average catheterization time from the stomach to the jejunum and improves patient’s comfort and satisfaction.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9936
How to cite this: Zhao H, Chen J, Chen H, Lv X, Lu Z, Sun Y. The efficacy of acupuncture-assisted blind insertion of bullet nasointestinal tube method in patients with ischemic stroke: A retrospective study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(10):2208-2212. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.10.9936
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ozone therapy vs. classical treatment in musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Dragomir Maricela , Mereuță Claudiu , Gheorghe Carmen
Published: October 2024

With aging and weight gain, the population is significantly overweight and faces additional pressure on vertebral and peripheral joints (ankles, knees, hips, shoulders), which affects muscles, tendons, ligaments, and nerves. Muscle contraction, translated by pain, sends the patient to the doctor. Lumbar and cervical spine disorders occur in 70-80% of the world's population during their lifetime. They are a major problem because they reduce the quality of life and increase the costs borne by health services and patients. There are multiple therapeutic options, both classic medication and alternative treatment, to combat pain for a longer or shorter period. Relief or suppression of pain, the dominant symptom in the manifestations of degenerative arthritic diseases, is an important goal of treatment, ultimately improving the quality of life. Patients, for various reasons, frequently seek alternative therapies, especially to surgical treatment. Finding the most comprehensive treatment is often a challenge. If we consider the benefit that a treatment (therapy) should bring to the health condition, then an individualized therapeutic plan must be chosen. A retrospective study on the effects of ozone and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment compared to classic medication shows the role of ozone therapy in pain relief and the beneficial effect of this therapy, especially in combination with PRP, over a longer period.
Hippotherapy Used in Medical Recovery
Authors: Condurache Iustina , Duduca Irina , Gheroghita Andrei , Nechita Anisia , Mucileanu Cezar , Rotariu Mariana
Published: October 2024

Hippotherapy, also known as equine-assisted therapy, falls into the category of alternative therapies that involve human-horse interaction for therapeutic purposes. Horse therapies are especially used for children with various physical, cognitive, and emotional disorders. They can also be successfully used with adults and the elderly. The horse's movement is what stimulates the development of motor skills, balance, and coordination. Direct interaction with the horse, including caring for it, riding, and other related activities, is effective in developing social, emotional, and cognitive skills in both children and adults, as well as in the elderly. Hippotherapy encourages self-confidence, concentration, and motor coordination, making it suitable for people who are anxious, antisocial, depressed, have language difficulties, or low self-esteem. Studies highlight that the presence of horses changes the frequency of the human brain, with subjects becoming more aware and focused when around horses. Horses help therapy beneficiaries stay connected to the present, becoming more aware of their experiences. Additionally, patients learn to pay more attention to the feelings and nonverbal language transmitted by the being they come into contact with. Numerous studies show that horseback riding improves balance, coordination, and reflexes, induces muscle relaxation, reduces spasticity, increases joint mobility, and improves respiratory function and blood circulation. The main objective of the paper is to identify therapies that use horses for patients diagnosed with various conditions, the benefits of these therapies on patients' motor skills, and their effects on patients' mental state. Additionally, we aim to identify horse-related activities that enhance concentration, help address behavioral issues, and facilitate patients' integration into social groups.
Digital visual documentation and communication of greek maritime heritage
Authors: Γεωργάκη Ελένη
Published: October 2024

Τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες, η ψηφιοποίηση και η διάδοση του υλικού που φιλοξενούνται σε Πινακοθήκες, Βιβλιοθήκες, Αρχεία και Μουσεία έχει εξελιχθεί όλο και περισσότερο σε σημείο εστίασης στον τομέα της Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς, με εφαρμογές μικρότερης ή μεγαλύτερης κλίμακας. Όσον αφορά τη Ναυτική/Ναυτιλιακή Κληρονομιά (ΝΝΚ), έχουν επίσης καταγραφεί σχετικές προσπάθειες ψηφιακής οπτικής τεκμηρίωσης και επικοινωνίας, αλλά όχι στον επιθυμητό βαθμό, ειδικά σε ευρωπαϊκό, αλλά και σε εθνικό επίπεδο. Η κύρια εστίαση της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής σε εργαλεία προς μια τέτοια κατεύθυνση οδήγησε στη δημιουργία ενός θησαυρού στον τομέα της ΝΝΚ που είναι δυνατό να συμβάλει σημαντικά στην προώθηση της ψηφιοποίησης και της διαδικτυακής χρήσης της ΝΝΚ. Το προτεινόμενο ελεγχόμενο λεξιλόγιο έχει δημιουργηθεί για τη βελτίωση μεθόδων αρχειοθέτησης προφορικών πηγών, γραπτών λογαριασμών, εικόνων, τρισδιάστατης αρχαιολογίας και άλλων αντικειμένων πολυμέσων που σχετίζονται με ανθρώπους και περιόδους από την αρχαιότητα έως την πρόσφατη ιστορία. Έναυσμα και ταυτόχρονα πρόκληση για τη δημιουργία του αποτέλεσαν οι ανάγκες ευρετηρίασης των πόρων που κατέστησαν διαθέσιμοι από ιδρύματα ΝΝΚ, όπως Βιβλιοθήκες, Αρχεία και Μουσεία, και αρκετά φιλοξενούνται σε πλατφόρμα της ίδιας θεματικής της Εθνικής Ερευνητικής Υποδομής EN.I.R.I.S.S.T. Η δημιουργία της πλατφόρμας αυτής συντελέστηκε στο πλαίσιο του ερευνητικού έργου Ευφυής Ερευνητική Υποδομή στη Ναυτιλία, την Εφοδιαστική Αλυσίδα, και τις Μεταφορές EN.I.R.I.S.S.T. που χρηματοδοτήθηκε από εθνικούς και ευρωπαϊκούς πόρους και στήριξε με πολλαπλούς τρόπους την εκπόνηση της παρούσας διατριβής. Οι όροι του έχουν δημιουργηθεί με βάση συλλογές που περιλαμβάνουν αντικείμενα/κειμήλια, προσωπικά αντικείμενα, εγχάρακτα, αρχαιολογικά, αρχεία ναυτιλιακών εταιρειών, αλληλογραφία, περιοδικά, φωτογραφίες από ανθρακευτικούς σταθμούς και φάρους. Αυτού του είδους τα δεδομένα εντοπίζονται στα μουσεία ΝΝΚ και σε φορείς αυτής της παράδοσης. Η μεθοδολογική διαδικασία που ακολουθήθηκε για την κατασκευή του ελεγχόμενου λεξιλογίου σε Ελληνικά και Αγγλικά ήταν η χρήση μιας βελτιωμένης πολυεπίπεδης ιεραρχικής διάταξης και η τοποθέτηση συγκεκριμένων εννοιών σε ιεραρχική δομή ώστε να λειτουργούν ως βασικά σημεία πρόσβασης στις συλλογές ΝΝΚ. Ακολουθήθηκε η τήρηση κανόνων θεματικής ευρετηρίασης, δημιουργίας μονόγλωσσων και πολύγλωσσων θησαυρών και προτύπων ορολογίας, και η μελέτη σχετικών εγχειριδίων και οδηγιών. Αν και η κατασκευή αυτού του λεξιλογίου βασίστηκε αρχικά σε αυτά τα συγκεκριμένα δεδομένα και την τεκμηρίωσή τους, στόχος της διατριβής ήταν η παροχή ενός δομημένου ελεγχόμενου λεξιλογίου που να επιτρέπει την υπέρβαση του ΕΝ.Ι.R.I.S.S.T. προκειμένου να βοηθηθούν μελλοντικά έργα τεκμηρίωσης ΝΝΚ. Αφήνοντας με τον τρόπο αυτό ένα «αποτύπωμα» στη βελτίωση των δεδομένων ΝΝΚ και της επικοινωνίας γενικότερα, η παρούσα διατριβή συμβάλλει στην προώθηση της ΝΝΚ ως ξεχωριστού κλάδου της Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς.
The genome sequence of a cranefly, Tipula (Lunatipula) helvola Loew, 1873
Authors: Sivell Olga , Mitchell Ryan , Sivell Duncan ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female cranefly, Tipula helvola (Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Tipulidae). The genome sequence has a total length of 1,204.70 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 4 chromosomal pseudomolecules. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.48 kilobases in length.
Continuity of Primary and Secondary School: A Modern View (Part 1)
Authors: Vinogradova Natalya , Dobrotina I. , Roslova L.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the results of a round table held at the Institute for Education Development Strategy, which considered the problem of the transition of a primary school student to a basic school, possible causes of maladjustment to the educational process and ways to overcome it. For the first time, the problem of teacher adaptation to the educational process in the fifth grade was proposed for discussion, recommendations were made on how to establish successful interaction in the “teacher - student” system and overcome maladjustment of subjects of the educational process.
The Teacher’s Communication style with an Unsuccessful Primary Schoolchildren
Authors: Limich Yu.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the problem of choosing a style of pedagogical communication between a teacher and an unsuccessful younger schoolchild. It provides a description of an unsuccessful younger schoolchild. It examines the features of interaction between an unsuccessful child and teachers of an authoritarian, liberal and democratic communication style. It substantiates the optimality of the teacher’s choice of a democratic communication style. It describes a method for overcoming the problem of failure by creating a situation of success.
Introducing Primary School Students to the Folk Culture of Their Small Homeland Through the School Museum
Authors: Ivashchenko Elena , Starostina S.
Published: October 2024

The authors present a museum lesson on the topic: “The decoration of a peasant hut”, conducted with first-grade students at the historical and ethnographic museum “Origins” of the Novooskolskaya secondary comprehensive school with an in-depth study of individual subjects. Based on this lesson, the possibilities of using school museum resources are considered, contributing to the formation and development of interest in the folk culture of their small homeland in younger students, which meets the requirements of the Federal State Standard of Primary General Education.
Using the Potential of Extracurricular Activities in Teaching Primary Schoolchildren to Work with Texts
Authors: Kuznetsova Marina , Gosteva Yu.
Published: October 2024

The article reveals the potential of an extracurricular activity course in developing conscious reading and overcoming difficulties that arise in primary school students during their acquisition of reading activity. Using the course “Revealing the Secrets of the Text” as an example, an approach to setting target guidelines and selecting course content is considered that allows for a differentiated approach and providing targeted assistance to readers with different levels of reading proficiency.
Ways to Overcome Difficulties in Mastering Reading Skills by Primary Schoolchildren
Authors: Aleksandrova S.
Published: October 2024

Reading skills are the basis of schoolchildren’s reading literacy. A student’s readiness to find the necessary information in a text, analyze, interpret it and use it to complete educational and life tasks determines the successful mastery of the subjects of the curriculum in primary school. In the article, in the course of a comparative analysis of the main problems that teachers encounter when developing reading literacy in primary school students, as well as the difficulties demonstrated by Russian schoolchildren according to the results of the International Reading Literacy Study PIRLS, methodological solutions to the identified problems are proposed.
National Traditions in the Folklore of Different Peoples of Russia: Features of Study in Primary School
Authors: Nikitina E.
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the problem of studying folklore of different peoples of Russia by primary school students. The article presents variants of tasks that orient students to analytical work with small genres of folklore, study of the features of the language of proverbs and sayings as a means of displaying the national way of thinking, features, life, customs, beliefs. Practical tasks allow to expand the horizons of the primary schoolchildren: to visualize the geographical location of the people, the connection of their way of life with nature, way of thinking, traditions, life values. Each task is supplemented with a methodological commentary for the teacher.
Realization of the cognitive and educational potential of M.M. Zoshchenko's stories in the lessons of literary reading in elementary grades
Authors: Klimova Svetlana , Chichilanova Yuliya
Published: October 2024

The authors consider the possibilities of using M.M.Zoshchenko's stories in the process of forming the life experience of primary school students, reveal the essence of an integrated approach to the organization of ideological and thematic analysis of the text, methodological features of composing a mathematical problem based on the storyline of a work of art.
Psychological and Pedagogical Assistance to Children in a Destructive Social Environment
Authors: Strokova E. , Shishov Sergey
Published: October 2024

The article examines the problems of a destructive social environment, which includes not only explicit forms of violence, but also more subtle ones, such as neglect. These are no less destructive factors: emotional alienation, information saturation with negative content, lack of stable teaching and educational models. In this context, the justification of the need to protect children from a psychological and pedagogical point of view becomes especially relevant. The main problem is to find effective methods and approaches to ensuring psychological and pedagogical protection of children in a destructive social environment. Key issues that need to be addressed within the framework of this problem: 1. Which theoretical models most adequately describe the mechanisms of the destructive environment's impact on the child's psyche? 2. What diagnostic tools can effectively identify children in need of psychological and pedagogical protection? 3. What forms of psychological and pedagogical assistance are most effective for different age groups and types of problems? 4. How to organize a system of training specialists capable of providing qualified assistance to children in a destructive environment? The results of the study allowed us to formulate conclusions. A destructive social environment should be considered as a multifactorial phenomenon, including not only social, but also psychological, economic and cultural factors. A literature review has shown that most approaches to helping children in a destructive social environment focus on creating a supportive and structured environment, as well as on developing self-regulation skills in children. Our results indicate that a successful intervention should include an integrated approach combining emotional support with cognitive development and social skills, including the implementation of programs aimed at developing emotional intelligence and social skills, and programs to improve children's adaptive abilities have proved effective. The results of the study indicate the need for individualization of approaches depending on the specifics of the problems faced by the child. The data confirm that children with different levels of social disadvantage require different types of support.
Small Schools in the High Latitudes of Russia: Arctic, Nomadic and Other Models of Functioning
Authors: Taradanova Irina , Careva L. , Smirnova N.
Published: October 2024

In the article, the authors consider the problems associated with the state and functioning of small educational institutions located in the Arctic zone of Russia, which are due to the specific climatic and national cultural characteristics of this territory. The authors note that the high rates of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of Russia require the improvement of the educational system of the studied region. The analysis of educational organizations is carried out in the following areas: material and technical condition, equipment of subject rooms and educational spaces, staffing, completeness of classes and levels of implemented education. The presented statistical data (in the form of diagrams and tables) not only visualize the content of the article, but also focus on problem areas in the development of small schools in the region. Based on the results obtained, the causes were identified and proposals were formulated to solve the identified problems.
Newest “co-members” of the 1000s club: A case of severe transaminitis secondary to Epstein-Barr and dengue virus co-infection in a returning traveler
Authors: Tahvildar Parsa , Atalla Marina , Tahir Rabia , Cheung Andrew
Published: October 2024

Background: Timely identification of the etiology of transaminitis is critical in informing subsequent management as strategies can vary from supportive care to urgent transplant assessment. This is especially important in returning travelers as there may be multiple causes of injury that need to be addressed. Case report: We present a case of severe transaminitis secondary to non-hepatitis viral co-infections. A 28-year-old south Asian male returning traveler presented with an acute liver injury (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransaminase levels of >4000 IU/l) and marked jaundice. A thorough and expanded work-up of acute hepatitis was negative aside from positive mononucleosis spot testing and positive dengue fever serologies. This atypical presentation of mononucleosis and dengue fever was managed conservatively, and the patient was discharged with outpatient follow-up after an eight-day admission. Conclusions: Usually, non-hepatitis viruses typically do not present with severe transaminitis or hyperbilirubinemia. These viruses, such as infectious mononucleosis and dengue fever, may work synergistically to cause an elevated inflammatory response, resulting in severe transaminitis in returning travelers. In the absence of a classic clinical presentation, clinicians should be aware of co-infections in returning travelers and test for them based on a thorough history and physical examination.
A Study on Radon (222Rn) Exhalation Rate in the Rocks Used as Building Materials in Tiruchirappalli District, TN, India
Authors: G. Sankaran Pillai  , P. Shahul Hameed  , S. M. Mazhar Nazeeb Khan
Published: October 2024

Tiruchirappalli district is naturally endowed with rich building material resources, like stone, granite, sand, brick, cement etc. which are also used in the neighbouring districts. Hence, measurement of radon level in these building materials is important, because radon, a radioactive gas, is one of the major causative factors for human lung cancer and it is important to assess its impact on human health. The present study was undertaken to measure the activity concentrations of radon in 14 sedimentary rock (sand stone) quarries and 9 igneous rock (granite) quarries spread over Tiruchirappalli district. The Sealed Can Technique using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD) was employed for the measurement of radon emanation. The activity concentrations of radon in sedimentary rocks analyzed ranged from 13.2 - ±0.7 Bq m-3 to 218.0 - ± 10.6 Bq m-3 with the geometric mean activity level of 46.3 Bq m-3. However, radon concentrations in igneous rocks are distinctly higher than those of sedimentary rocks and ranged from 95.6 - ± 8.0 Bq m-3 to 1140 - ±95.0 Bq m-3 with the geometric mean activity concentration of 392.6Â±2.1 Bq m-3. The geometric mean radium concentration (CRa) recorded in both sedimentary (3.4 - ±2.3 Bq kg-1) and igneous rocks (50.2 - ±2.1 Bq kg-1) were well within the limit prescribed for dwellings (370 Bq kg-1). The mass and surface exhalation rates were also calculated in all the rock samples. The study concludes that the sedimentary rocks and the igneous rocks analyzed were radiologically safe (less than the permissible limit of 600 Bq m-3) when used as building materials except the granite rocks from Narthamalai (682 - ±57.3 Bq m-3) and Vilathupatti  (1140.0 - ±121 Bq m-3).
Simultaneous Observations of Daytime Whistlers and VLF-ELF Emissions at a Low Latitude Indian Ground Station
Authors: M. Altaf
Published: October 2024

This paper reports an unexpected simultaneous observation of whistlers and different types of ELF/VLF emissions during daytime at a low latitude Indian ground station Jammu (geomag. lat., 22o 26/ N; L=1.17), which are (a) pulses of atmospheric bursts, (b) discrete chorus riser ELF emissions triggered from the bottom of the atmospherics, (c) whistlers, (d) whistler-triggered discrete chorus riser VLF emissions triggered from the lower end of the whistler, (e) long enduring ELF/VLF hiss emissions, (f) band limited quasi-periodic pulsing ELF/VLF hiss emissions, (g) hook and inverted hook ELF emissions, (h) oscillating tone discrete chorus riser ELF emissions. The data shown in this paper indicate that there is a strong possibility that lightning is an important source of different types of VLF/ELF emissions, at least in the embryonic sense, recorded at Jammu. The present observation is in fact the first simultaneous occurrence of different types of VLF/ELF emissions alongwith whistlers recorded on a single day during daytime at a low latitude ground station.
Synthesis, Structural and Optical Characterization of TiO2 Nanoparticles and its Assessment to Cytotoxicity Activity
Authors: K. Manikandan  , A. Jafar Ahamed  , G.M. Brahmanandhan
Published: October 2024

In this research work,TiO2 nanoparticles was synthesised by solgel method using titanium (IV) isopropoxide and calcinated at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C for five hours. The synthesised nanoparticles are characterized by using X-ray Diffraction studies (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDXA), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Photoluminescence Spectra (PL), High Resolution Transmission Spectroscope (HRTEM) and Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized nanoparticle of TiO2 calcinated at 500 °C and 600 °C for 5 hr shows anatase nature crystal structure and temperature increased to 700 °C, they undergo structural changes to rutile structure at the same duration of calcination. Average crystallite size can be determined by Debye-Scherrer formula for synthesized nanoparticles shows the particle sizes range from 30 nm to 47 nm. EDXA analysis confirms no impurities present in the sample. The band gap value decreases from 2.95 eV to 2.79 eV when calcination temperature increases in the UV-Visible analysis. The photoluminescence study of TiO2 shows the direct recombination between electrons in the conduction band and holes in the valence band. FTIR analysis shows the bending and stretching mode of Ti-O-Ti. HRTEM of TiO2 nanoparticles shows nearly spherical with approximately particles size of 35 nm to 50 nm. The cytotoxicity activity of TiO2 nanoparticles calcinated at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C has been explored.
Recent Developments in the Photo Catalytic Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites -An Overview
Authors: M. Mubarak Ali  , D. John Williams
Published: October 2024

Water pollution by the synthetic dyes and heavy chemical substances has become the major issue around the globe after the rapid growth of industries and human activities. The dyes present in the contaminated water are non-biodegradable; hence it seriously affects the human beings and the environment. A number of conventional techniques were investigated by researchers such as chemical treatment, adsorption, biological treatment, and membrane-based separation to remove the pollutants from the water. Nevertheless, these techniques were not effective because this technique leaves some of the soluble organic compounds and bacteria which are very hard to remove. Hence the researchers around the globe have put their effort to develop a stable approach to address the day to day deterioration of water. Despite of all the above techniques the photo catalysis from the advanced oxidation process has emerged as an eco-friendly, convenient and simple technique for the degradation of pollutants by using sunlight (Visible) and ultraviolet light (UV). Recently polymer nanocomposites based photo catalyst was attracted for the treatment of waste water due to its unique properties such as surface mobility, large surface area and superior magnetic and optical properties. A substantial work has been accomplished and reported on the superior photo catalytic activity of polymer nanocomposite. Hence this review is dedicated to highlight the photo catalytic activity of polymer nanocomposites in the past decades and also the recent developments in the ultraviolet and visible light responsive polymer nanocomposites for their potential applications in environmental remediation to maintain the quality of drinking water.
Water Quality Index and Microbial Population Assessment for Ground Water
Authors: S. Rajagopal  , V. Rajagopalan
Published: October 2024

Pollution of water sources have become a common problem these days, be it ground water source or surface water sources. The most important and major usage of ground water is for irrigation unfortunately groundwater is susceptible to pollutants that may enter into the subsurface ground water by runoff. Presence of microbes in drinking water is now common problems as majority of the ground water sources are being substantially polluted. the physico chemical and microbial properties of water was studied and was found that the treated water sample showed a better water quality rating than the raw sample. E.coli are indicators of microbial pathogens it indicates the presence of fecalcontamination in the water.
The child as a party to tax proceedings
Authors: Szczepańska-Krekora Ilona
Published: October 2024

There are two categories of entities in legal-tax relationships. These include tax authorities, the active party in the legal-tax relationship, and taxpayers, the passive party in the legal-tax relationship. While there is no ambiguity in identifying and defining the rights and obligations of tax authorities, this issue can become more complex concerning the taxpayer. Especially when it comes to taxpayers who are natural persons and have not attained the age of majority. It should be noted that the attendance of minors in economic events, such as advertisements or competitions, is becoming increasingly significant. Minors often become parties to donation agreements, leading to the acquisition of certain assets. It is essential to mention that each of these events, if associated with income generation, results in the emergence of tax liability. This necessitates accurately determining the liability and initiating tax proceedings if the relevant factual conditions are present. This article seeks to answer whether a child can be a party to tax proceedings and what rights they have in this respect. To explore this issue, the definitional scope of the term 'child' was first outlined, followed by examining their legal-tax capacity and, ultimately, considering the child as a party to tax proceedings.
Academic connections to socio-economic movements: Are there lessons for Fair Trade from the co-operative movement?
Authors: Reed Darryl
Published: October 2024

Historically, the co-operative movements and Fair Trade movements are amongst the most prominent socio-economic movements. One of the many features that they have in common is the close relations that both movements have had with academics, including the latters’ roles in the generation, transmission and application of knowledge related to these movements. This article examines the degree to which academics have been able to support these two movements through the generation of recognized bodies of knowledge, the development of fields of study and the establishment of knowledge management systems among practitioners, and raises the question of whether academics involved in the much newer Fair Trade practice might benefit by drawing upon lessons from the considerably longer history of academics involved in co-operatives studies, especially their organization of national and international scholarly associations.