bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the Electrochemical Performances of LiVPO4F/C Cathode by Doping AlF3 with Dual Functions for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wen Zheng , Li Qiyuan , Fan Changling , Luo Ting , Zeng Taotao , Han Shaochang
Published: March 2018

The performances of pure phase LiVPO4F/C is poor. AlF3 is selected to dope it, which is synthesized by a novel chemical reduction. Alveolate structure is discovered in undoped sample because of the volatilization of fluoride. The selected area electron diffraction proves that it is composed of Li3V2(PO4)3 and LiVPO4F. However, the alveolate disappears in doped sample with pure parallelogram pattern because AlF3 supplements the loss of fluorine. Doping of Al3+ decreases the lattice parameters and stabilizes the crystallite. Therefore, the performances of LiV1‐xAlxPO4F/C at different temperatures are significantly improved. LiV0.97Al0.03PO4F/C delivers high capacity of 116.6 mAh g−1 and excellent capacity retention of 96.83 % at 5 C after 50 cycles. The 5 C capacities at −10 °C and 55 °C are 90.1 mAh g−1 and 121.4 mAh g−1. Ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction reveals that the lattice of LiV0.97Al0.03PO4F/C can maintain stability after extreme testing conditions. These are ascribed to the improvement in intrinsic conductivity and diffuse coefficient. It implies that AlF3 plays dual functions in the doping process.
Influence of Impurity SO42− on the Thermal Performance of Molten Nitrates Used for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Sun Ze , Hu Chongjing , Ni Haiou , Lu Guimin , Song Xingfu , Yu Jianguo
Published: March 2018

Solar salt system, mainly composed by 60 wt.% NaNO3 and 40 wt.% KNO3, is the most optimized molten nitrates used for thermal energy storage. This paper aims to investigate the influence of the amount of impurity SO42− on thermal performance of solar salt, including thermodynamic parameters like melting point, liquidus temperature, thermal decomposition temperature, thermal stability, and thermophysical properties such as density, viscosity at different temperature. The melting point and thermal decomposition temperature of the mixtures were measured by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Thermo‐gravimetric (TG), respectively. The liquidus temperature was obtained by a cooling curve, and the density was determined with a homemade device based on the Archimedes principle. Additionally, viscosity measurements were obtained using a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer. It was found that: SO42− makes no negative influence on melting point, liquidus temperature and density. The results of viscosity show that controlling the SO42− level within 0.1 wt.% in nitrates is necessary. For the thermal stability at 565 °C, SO42− increases the mass loss of nitrates a little more than pure nitrates, as well as easily forms insoluble compounds with cations, especially Na+. Meanwhile, the mass loss mechanisms was confirmed in especial by the vaporization of the nitrates, followed by the release of O2. In conclusion, it is critical to maintain SO42− content below 0.01 wt.% for addressing flow problems and reducing instability at high temperature.
Enlargement and evolution of a semi‐alluvial creek in response to urbanization
Authors: Bevan Vernon , MacVicar Bruce , Chapuis Margot , Ghunowa Kimisha , Papangelakis Elli , Parish John , Snodgrass William
Published: March 2018

The impact of urbanization on stream channels is of interest due to the growth of cities and the sensitivity of stream morphology and ecology to hydrologic change. Channel enlargement is a commonly observed effect and channel evolution models can help guide management efforts, but the models must be used in the proper geologic and climatic context. Semi‐alluvial channels characterized by a relatively thin alluvial layer over clay till and a convex channel profile in a temperate climate are not represented in currently available models. In this study we: (i) assess channel enlargement; and (ii) propose a channel evolution model for an urban semi‐alluvial creek in Toronto, Canada. The system is 90% developed with an imperviousness of approximately 47%. Channel enlargement is assessed by comparing 50 year old construction surveys, a recent survey of a relic channel, low‐precision surveys of channel change over a 15 year period, and high‐precision surveys over a three year period. The enlargement ratio of the channel since 1958 is 2.6, but could be as high 8.2 in comparison with the pre‐urban channel. When the increase in flow capacity is considered, the enlargement ratio is 1.9 since 1958 and up to 6.0 in comparison with the pre‐urban channel. Channel enlargement continues in the contemporary channel at an estimated rate of 0.23 m2/year. A five stage model is presented to describe channel evolution in the lower reaches. In this model the coarse lag material from glacial sources provides a natural resilience to the bed and incision occurs only after the increased flows from urbanization are combined with higher slopes as a result of channel straightening or avulsions. Further research should be done to assess stream behaviour close to an identified geologic control point. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model reduction using L1‐norm minimization as an application to nonlinear hyperbolic problems
Authors: Abgrall R. , Crisovan R.
Published: March 2018

We are interested in the model reduction techniques for hyperbolic problems, particularly in fluids. This paper, which is a continuation of an earlier paper of Abgrall et al, proposes a dictionary approach coupled with an L1 minimization approach. We develop the method and analyze it in simplified 1‐dimensional cases. We show in this case that error bounds with the full model can be obtained provided that a suitable minimization approach is chosen. The capability of the algorithm is then shown on nonlinear scalar problems, 1‐dimensional unsteady fluid problems, and 2‐dimensional steady compressible problems. A short discussion on the cost of the method is also included in this paper.
Shelf‐life enhancement of whole rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) treated with Reshgak ice coverage
Authors: Tavakoli Samad , Naseri Mahmood , Abedi Elahe , Imani Ahmad
Published: March 2018

The effect of ice coverage comprised of Reshgak extract and Reshgak essential oil on shelf‐life extension of chilled whole rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated. Chemical (peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acids (TBA), total volatile nitrogen base (TVB‐N), and free fatty acids (FFA)), microbiological (total viable count (TVC) and psychrotrophic viable count (PVC)), and sensory evaluations (texture, color, flavor, and general acceptance) were investigated every 4 days during a 20‐day storage period. Results revealed that the effect of both icing systems led to considerably lower bacterial counts and chemical indices in comparison with the traditional ice coverage without such phytogenic. According to sensory analyses, fish stored in ice containing Reshgak essential oil had a longer shelf‐life (>16 days) and those stored in ice medium included with Reshgak extract possessed a shelf‐life of 16 days, whereas lot stored in traditional ice showed a shorter shelf‐life of 12 days.
Testing cross‐phenotype effects of rare variants in longitudinal studies of complex traits
Authors: Rudra Pratyaydipta , Broadaway K. Alaine , Ware Erin B. , Jhun Min A. , Bielak Lawrence F. , Zhao Wei , Smith Jennifer A. , Peyser Patricia A. , Kardia Sharon L.R. , Epstein Michael P. , Ghosh Debashis
Published: March 2018

Many gene mapping studies of complex traits have identified genes or variants that influence multiple phenotypes. With the advent of next‐generation sequencing technology, there has been substantial interest in identifying rare variants in genes that possess cross‐phenotype effects. In the presence of such effects, modeling both the phenotypes and rare variants collectively using multivariate models can achieve higher statistical power compared to univariate methods that either model each phenotype separately or perform separate tests for each variant. Several studies collect phenotypic data over time and using such longitudinal data can further increase the power to detect genetic associations. Although rare‐variant approaches exist for testing cross‐phenotype effects at a single time point, there is no analogous method for performing such analyses using longitudinal outcomes. In order to fill this important gap, we propose an extension of Gene Association with Multiple Traits (GAMuT) test, a method for cross‐phenotype analysis of rare variants using a framework based on the distance covariance. The approach allows for both binary and continuous phenotypes and can also adjust for covariates. Our simple adjustment to the GAMuT test allows it to handle longitudinal data and to gain power by exploiting temporal correlation. The approach is computationally efficient and applicable on a genome‐wide scale due to the use of a closed‐form test whose significance can be evaluated analytically. We use simulated data to demonstrate that our method has favorable power over competing approaches and also apply our approach to exome chip data from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy.
MMP7 cleaves remyelination‐impairing fibronectin aggregates and its expression is reduced in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Wang Peng , Gorter Rianne P. , de Jonge Jenny C. , Nazmuddin Muhammad , Zhao Chao , Amor Sandra , Hoekstra Dick , Baron Wia
Published: March 2018

Upon demyelination, transient expression of fibronectin precedes successful remyelination. However, in chronic demyelination observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), aggregates of fibronectin persist and contribute to remyelination failure. Accordingly, removing fibronectin (aggregates) would constitute an effective strategy for promoting remyelination. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are enzymes known to remodel extracellular matrix components, including fibronectin. Here, we examined the ability of MMPs to degrade fibronectin aggregates. Our findings reveal that MMP7 cleaved fibronectin aggregates resulting into a prominent 13 kDa EIIIA (16 kDa EDA)‐containing fragment. MMP7 was upregulated during lysolecithin‐induced demyelination, indicating its potential for endogenous fibronectin clearance. In contrast, the expression of proMMP7 was substantially decreased in chronic active and inactive MS lesions compared with control white matter and remyelinated MS lesions. Microglia and macrophages were major cellular sources of proMMP7 and IL‐4‐activated, but not IFNγ+LPS‐activated, microglia and macrophages secreted significant levels of proMMP7. Also, conditioned medium of IL‐4‐activated macrophages most efficiently cleaved fibronectin aggregates upon MMP‐activating conditions. Yet, coatings of MMP7‐cleaved fibronectin aggregate fragments inhibited oligodendrocyte maturation, indicating that further degradation and/or clearance by phagocytosis is essential. These findings suggest that MMP7 cleaves fibronectin aggregates, while reduced (pro)MMP7 levels in MS lesions contribute to their persistent presence. Therefore, upregulating MMP7 levels may be key to remove remyelination‐impairing fibronectin aggregates in MS lesions.
Monitoring and control of amygdala neurofeedback involves distributed information processing in the human brain
Authors: Paret Christian , Zähringer Jenny , Ruf Matthias , Gerchen Martin Fungisai , Mall Stephanie , Hendler Talma , Schmahl Christian , Ende Gabriele
Published: March 2018

Brain–computer interfaces provide conscious access to neural activity by means of brain‐derived feedback (“neurofeedback”). An individual's abilities to monitor and control feedback are two necessary processes for effective neurofeedback therapy, yet their underlying functional neuroanatomy is still being debated. In this study, healthy subjects received visual feedback from their amygdala response to negative pictures. Activation and functional connectivity were analyzed to disentangle the role of brain regions in different processes. Feedback monitoring was mapped to the thalamus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), ventral striatum (VS), and rostral PFC. The VS responded to feedback corresponding to instructions while rPFC activity differentiated between conditions and predicted amygdala regulation. Control involved the lateral PFC, anterior cingulate, and insula. Monitoring and control activity overlapped in the VS and thalamus. Extending current neural models of neurofeedback, this study introduces monitoring and control of feedback as anatomically dissociated processes, and suggests their important role in voluntary neuromodulation.
A more randomly organized grey matter network is associated with deteriorating language and global cognition in individuals with subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Verfaillie Sander C. J. , Slot Rosalinde E. R. , Dicks Ellen , Prins Niels D. , Overbeek Jozefien M. , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Scheltens Philip , Barkhof Frederik , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Tijms Betty M.
Published: March 2018

Objectives

Grey matter network disruptions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with worse cognitive impairment cross‐sectionally. Our aim was to investigate whether indications of a more random network organization are associated with longitudinal decline in specific cognitive functions in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).

Experimental design: We included 231 individuals with SCD who had annually repeated neuropsychological assessment (3 ± 1 years; n = 646 neuropsychological investigations) available from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort (54% male, age: 63 ± 9, MMSE: 28 ± 2). Single‐subject grey matter networks were extracted from baseline 3D‐T1 MRI scans and we computed basic network (size, degree, connectivity density) and higher‐order (path length, clustering, betweenness centrality, normalized path length [lambda] and normalized clustering [gamma]) parameters at whole brain and/or regional levels. We tested associations of network parameters with baseline and annual cognition (memory, attention, executive functioning, language composite scores, and global cognition [all domains with MMSE]) using linear mixed models, adjusted for age, sex, education, scanner and total gray matter volume.

Principal observations: Lower network size was associated with steeper decline in language (β ± SE = 0.12 ± 0.05, p < 0.05FDR). Higher‐order network parameters showed no cross‐sectional associations. Lower gamma and lambda values were associated with steeper decline in global cognition (gamma: β ± SE = 0.06 ± 0.02); lambda: β ± SE = 0.06 ± 0.02), language (gamma: β ± SE = 0.11 ± 0.04; lambda: β ± SE = 0.12 ± 0.05; all p < 0.05FDR). Lower path length values in precuneus and fronto‐temporo‐occipital cortices were associated with a steeper decline in global cognition.

Conclusions

A more randomly organized grey matter network was associated with a steeper decline of cognitive functioning, possibly indicating the start of cognitive impairment.
Oncologic outcomes of surgical treatment for T3 glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhou Liang , Tao Lei , Zhang Ming , Wu Haitao , Chen Xiaoling , Li Xiaoming , Li Cai , Gong Hongli
Published: March 2018

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical results of patients with T3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma treated with total laryngectomy or partial laryngectomy.

Methods

We conducted a retrospectively review of 307 patients with T3 glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Results

The 5‐year cancer‐specific survival (CSS) rate was 71.5% and the overall survival (OS) rate was 70.6%. For patients who underwent total laryngectomy, the 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) rate was 59.8%, and the CSS rate was 67.9%. For partial laryngectomy, the 5‐year DFS rate was 64.8%, and the CSS rate was 78.0%. High lymph node and stage status are predictors of mortality for these patients. No difference was found in DFS and CSS rates between patients with negative margins and those with positive margins after postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy are effective treatments for patients with T3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma, especially with a positive margin. For selected patients with T3 glottic laryngeal carcinoma, partial laryngectomy is a good choice because it can achieve satisfactory oncologic results while preserving laryngeal function.
Relocating cued goals induces population remapping in CA1 related to memory performance in a two‐platform water task in rats
Authors: Lee Justin Quinn , LeDuke Deryn O. , Chua Kate , McDonald Robert J. , Sutherland Robert J.
Published: March 2018

The activity of CA1 neurons in the rodent hippocampus represents multiple aspects of learning episodes, including cue and place information. Previous reports on cue and place representation in CA1 have examined activity in single neurons and population recordings during free exploration of an environment or when actions are directed to either cue or place aspects of memory tasks. To better understand cue and place memory representation in CA1, and how these interact during goal‐directed navigation, we investigated population activity in CA1 during memory encoding and retrieval in a novel water task with two visibly distinct platforms, using mRNA for immediate early genes Arc and Homer1a as markers of neural activity. After training, relocating cues to new places induces an extensive, perhaps global, remapping of the memory code that is accompanied by altered navigation and rapid learning of new cue‐place information. In addition, we have found a significant relationship between the extent of reactivation and overall cue choice accuracy. These findings demonstrate an important relationship between population remapping in CA1 and memory‐guided behavior.
Stakeholder perspectives regarding transfer of free maternity services to National Health Insurance Fund in Kenya: Implications for universal health coverage
Authors: Abuya Timothy , Obare Francis , Matanda Dennis , Dennis Mardieh L. , Bellows Ben
Published: March 2018

Background

Kenya is developing strategies to finance health care through prepayment to achieve universal health coverage (UHC). Plans to transfer free maternity services (FMS) from the Ministry of Health to the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) are a step towards UHC. We examined views of health workers and women regarding the transition of FMS to NHIF to inform the process.

Methods

In‐depth interviews among 14 facility‐level managers and providers, 11 county‐level managers, and 21 focus group discussions with women who gave birth before and after the introduction of FMS. Data were analyzed thematically.

Results

The transfer is a mechanism of achieving UHC, eliminating dependency on free services, and encouraging people to take responsibility of their health. However, skepticism regarding the efficiency of NHIF may limit support. Diverse and robust systems were recommended for enrollment of clients while standardization of services through accreditation and quality assurance linked to performance‐based reimbursement would improve greater predictability in the payment schedule and better coverage of referrals and complications.

Conclusion

Transitioning FMS to NHIF provides an opportunity for the Ministry of Health to sharpen its role as policymaker and develop a comprehensive health care financing strategy for the country towards achieving UHC.
Hospitalization among migrants in Italy: Access to health care as an opportunity for integration and inclusion
Authors: Barsanti Sara
Published: March 2018

This paper analyzes migrant access to health care by comparing hospitalizations of native and immigrant population with respect the Tuscany Region (Italy). In the analyses, a critical gap both for legal and undocumented migrant population is highlighted. Indeed, we found some key differences between the migrant and native populations related to the use of specific hospital services in Tuscany and, indirectly, of community and primary care services. Moreover, especially for undocumented migrants, hospitals seem to be the only point of access to the health‐care system for migrant populations. The results suggest that the Italian health‐care system is unable to ensure an equitable access to health services. In this context, maternity care could be a key point of access to the welfare system that allows participation in the health system not only for mothers but also for all migrant family members.
Exploring governance for a One Health collaboration for leptospirosis prevention and control in Fiji: Stakeholder perceptions, evidence, and processes
Authors: McPherson Anna , Hill Peter S. , Kama Mike , Reid Simon
Published: March 2018

Fiji has a high burden of leptospirosis, with endemic infection and epidemic outbreaks with high mortality, often associated with flooding and cyclones. As a zoonosis, leptospirosis control requires interventions in sectors beyond the usual control of health—in Fiji, the dairy and sugar industries, and water and sanitation and rodent control in communities. This paper presents the findings of qualitative research to inform policy around governance for a One Health multisectoral approach to leptospirosis control.

Methods

Key informants from relevant government agencies and industry organizations were interviewed in late 2014, and the interviews analyzed and triangulated with documentary analysis.

Findings

The analysis identified 5 themes: perceptions of the impact of leptospirosis, governance processes, models for collaboration, leptospirosis control, and preferred leadership for leptospirosis management. Data were limited, with poor communication between ministries, and limited awareness of leptospirosis outside outbreaks. Collaboration during outbreaks was positive but not sustained in endemic periods. Mechanism for enhanced collaboration was developed for endemic and outbreak situations.

Conclusion

The findings informed a One Health governance approach to leptospirosis, framed within a National Strategic Plan, with a specific National Action Plan for Leptospirosis. The process provides a research based One Health template for application to other zoonotic diseases.
Evaluating spatial variation of suspended sediment rating curves in the middle Yellow River basin, China
Authors: Zhang Shiyan , Chen Dong , Li Fuxing , He Li , Yan Ming , Yan Yunxia
Published: March 2018

Abstract

The suspended sediment load in the middle Yellow River basin (YRB) cannot be well predicted by capacity‐based transport formulas because a large fraction of suspended sediment load is composed of wash load. This study evaluated the spatial variations of sediment rating curves (SRCs) in the middle YRB. Both power and linear SRCs were used to fit daily flow and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) historical data at 49 gauging stations throughout the middle YRB. The spatial variation in regression coefficients was investigated, and the relationship between regression coefficients and the physical characteristics of watersheds was discussed. The results indicate that SRC regression coefficients vary with drainage area and basin slope, but their responses to these parameters are remarkably different in watersheds with different underlying surfaces, which indicates the significance of sediment availability, erodibility, and grain size distribution. For power SRCs representing sediment transport in unsaturated flows, the regression coefficients are more closely correlated with the drainage area in loess regions and with the basin slope in rock mountain regions. For linear SRCs representing sediment transport in saturated flows, saturated SSCs vary with coarse (particle size > 0.05 mm) and fine (particle size < 0.01 mm) fractions in suspended sediment. The maximum saturated SSC among the different gauging stations is associated with the optimal grain size composition of suspended sediment, which has been proposed for loess regions in previous studies. This study provides theoretical support for estimating the regression parameters for sediment transport modelling, especially in ungauged basins.
Reactive glia promote development of CD103+CD69+ CD8+ T‐cells through programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1)
Authors: Prasad Sujata , Hu Shuxian , Sheng Wen S. , Chauhan Priyanka , Lokensgard James R.
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated in vivo persistence of CD103+CD69+ brain resident memory CD8+ T‐cells (bTRM) following viral infection, and that the PD‐1: PD‐L1 pathway promotes development of these TRM cells within the brain. Although glial cells express low basal levels of PD‐L1, its expression is upregulated upon IFN‐γ‐treatment, and they have been shown to modulate antiviral T‐cell effector responses through the PD‐1: PD‐L1 pathway.

Methods

We performed flow cytometric analysis of cells from co‐cultures of mixed glia and CD8+ T‐cells obtained from wild type mice to investigate the role of glial cells in the development of bTRM.

Results

In this study, we show that interactions between reactive glia and anti‐CD3 Ab‐stimulated CD8+ T‐cells promote development of CD103+CD69+ CD8+ T‐cells through engagement of the PD‐1: PD‐L1 pathway. These studies used co‐cultures of primary murine glial cells obtained from WT animals along with CD8+ T‐cells obtained from either WT or PD‐1 KO mice. We found that αCD3 Ab‐stimulated CD8+ T‐cells from WT animals increased expression of CD103 and CD69 when co‐cultured with primary murine glial cells. In contrast, significantly reduced expression of CD103 and CD69 was observed using CD8+ T‐cells from PD‐1 KO mice. We also observed that reactive glia promoted high levels of CD127, a marker of memory precursor effector cells (MPEC), on CD69+ CD8+ T‐cells, which promotes development of TRM cells. Interestingly, results obtained using T‐cells from PD‐1 KO animals showed significantly reduced expression of CD127 on CD69+ CD8+ cells. Additionally, blocking of glial PD‐L1 resulted in decreased expression of CD103, along with reduced CD127 on CD69+ CD8+ T‐cells.

Conclusions

Taken together, these results demonstrate a role for activated glia in promoting development of bTRM through the PD‐1: PD‐L1 pathway.
Exploitation of Feedback in Enzyme‐catalysed Reactions
Authors: Bánsági Támás , Taylor Annette F.
Published: March 2018

Some cellular systems, such as yeast, bacteria and slime mould, display dynamic behavior including switches and rhythms driven by feedback in enzyme‐catalysed reactions. The mechanisms of these processes have been well investigated and recent attention has turned to generating similar responses in synthetic biocatalytic systems, with a view to creating bioinspired analogues for applications. Here we discuss how feedback arises in the reaction mechanisms of some enzyme‐catalyzed reactions in vitro, the behaviour obtained and the emerging applications. These autocatalytic reactions may provide insights into behaviour in cellular systems as well as new methods for drug delivery, sensing and repair that can be exploited in living systems.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression of GCTSC in peripheral tissue and central tissue of GCTB
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhang Ji , He Yifeng , Ding Xiao‐Yi
Published: March 2018

Giant cell tumor stromal cell (GCTSC) is the tumor cell of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). The biomarkers characterization of GCTSC is critical for the selection of GCTB targeting drugs. We believe the main functions of GCTSC in different part of tumor should be different for different environment. Then the biological behavior and molecular biomarkers of GCTSC should be different as well. Based on this idea, we focused on GCTSC which located in central tissue, peripheral tissue and took MMP‐9 as the breakthrough point to carry out research. The results showed MMP‐9 staining grade of GCTSC which located in central tissue was slight, whereas multinucleated giant cell staining grade was high. The peripheral tissue was consisted by almost GCTSC with high MMP‐9 staining degree and mRNA expression. This study also provided clues and inspiration for reducing GCTB recurrence rate after intralesional curettage with MMP‐9 targeted therapy which were aimed at the residual peripheral tissue.
Retracted: Down‐regulated long non‐coding RNA ANRIL restores the learning and memory abilities and rescues hippocampal pyramidal neurons from apoptosis in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats via the NF‐κB signaling pathway
Authors: Wen Xin , Han Xin‐Rui , Wang Yong‐Jian , Wang Shan , Shen Min , Zhang Zi‐Feng , Fan Shao‐Hua , Shan Qun , Wang Liang , Li Meng‐Qiu , Hu Bin , Sun Chun‐Hui , Wu Dong‐Mei , Lu Jun , Zheng Yuan‐Lin
Published: March 2018

Diabetes often causes learning and memory deficits, which leads to unfavorable behavioral performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) ANRIL on learning, memory abilities, and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis via the NF‐κB signaling pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. After successful establishment of diabetic rat models, the subjects were then assigned into the DM, DM + si‐ANRIL, DM + si‐negative control (si‐NC) groups, as well as an additional normal group. Morris water maze test was employed to assess behavioral performance of rats, followed by the recording of body weight and blood glucose levels. Expressions of ANRIL, NF‐κB signaling pathway‐related, and apoptosis‐related genes were examined by qRT‐PCR and western blotting. Rat hippocampus expression levels of cleaved‐caspase‐3 were determined by immunofluorescence. Cell apoptosis was examined by TUNEL assay. Versus to the normal group, revealed there to be activation of the NF‐κB signaling pathway, decreased weight, increased blood glucose, increased escape latency, reduced residence time, memory impairment, increased cleaved‐caspase‐3 expression, and increased apoptosis were detected in the DM and DM + si‐NC groups. The DM + si‐ANRIL group exhibited inhibited NF‐κB signaling pathway, weight loss, decreased blood glucose, recovered memory, decreased cleaved‐caspase‐3 expression and reduced apoptosis compared to the DM group, with higher weight of rats, lower blood glucose levels, and stronger memory abilities in the DM + si‐ANRIL group. Taken together, these findings indicate that silencing lncRNA ANRIL promotes memory recovery and decreases hippocampal neurons apoptosis in diabetic rats through the inhibition of the NF‐κB signaling pathway.
TMEM16A inhibition impedes capacitation and acquisition of hyperactivated motility in guinea pig sperm
Authors: Cordero‐Martínez Joaquín , Reyes‐Miguel Tania , Rodríguez‐Páez Lorena , Garduño‐Siciliano Leticia , Maldonado‐García Deneb , Roa‐Espitia Ana L. , Hernández‐González Enrique O.
Published: March 2018

Ca2+‐activated Cl− channels (CaCCs) are anionic channels that regulate many important physiological functions associated with chloride and calcium flux in some somatic cells. The molecular identity of CaCCs was revealed to be TMEM16A and TMEM16B (also known as Anoctamin or ANO1 and ANO2, respectively) in all eukaryotes. A recent study suggests the presence of TMEM16A in human sperm and a relationship with the rhZP‐induced acrosome reaction. However, to the best of our knowledge, little is known about the role of TMEM16A in other spermatic processes such as capacitation or motility. In this study, we evaluated the effects of two TMEM16A antagonists on capacitation, acrosome reaction, and motility in guinea pig sperm; these antagonists were T16Ainh‐A01, belonging to a second generation of potent antagonists of TMEM16A, and niflumic acid (NFA), a well‐known antagonist of TMEM16A (CaCCs). First of all, we confirmed that the absence of Cl− in the capacitation medium changes motility parameters, capacitation, and the progesterone‐induced acrosome reaction. Using a specific antibody, TMEM16A was found as a protein band of ∼120 kDa, which localization was in the apical crest of the acrosome and the middle piece of the flagellum. Inhibition of TMEM16A by T16Ainh‐A01 affected sperm physiology by reducing capacitation, blocking the progesterone‐induced acrosome reaction under optimal capacitation conditions, inhibiting progressive motility, and the acquisition of hyperactivated motility, diminishing [Ca2+]i, and increasing [Cl−]i. These changes in sperm kinematic parameters provide new evidence of the important role played by TMEM16A in the production of sperm capable of fertilizing oocytes.
RETRACTED: Phytosomal‐curcumin antagonizes cell growth and migration, induced by thrombin through AMP‐Kinase in breast cancer
Authors: Hashemzehi Milad , Behnam‐Rassouli Reihane , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Moradi‐Binabaj Maryam , Moradi‐Marjaneh Reyhaneh , Rahmani Farzad , Fiuji Hamid , Jamili Mahdi , Mirahmadi Mahdi , Boromand Nadia , Piran Mehran , Jafari Mohieddin , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Avan Amir , Khazaei Majid
Published: March 2018

Here we explored the antitumor‐activity of novel‐formulated‐form of curcumin (phytosomal‐encapsulated‐curcumin) or in combination with 5‐FU in breast cancer. The antiproliferative activity was assessed in 2D and 3‐dimensional cell‐culture‐model. The migratory‐behaviors of the cells were determined by migration assay. The expression levels of CyclinD1,GSK3a/b, P‐AMPK, MMP9, and E‐cadherin were studied by qRT‐PCR and/or Western blotting. The anti‐inflammatory of nano‐curcumin was assessed, while antioxidant activity was evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and total thiols (T‐SH). To understand dynamic behavior of genes, we reconstructed a Boolean network, while the robustness of this model was evaluated by Hamming distance. phytosomal‐curcumin suppressed cell‐growth followed by tumor‐shrinkage in 3D model through perturbation of AMP‐activated protein kinase. Curcumin reduced the invasiveness of MCF‐7 through perturbation of E‐cadherin. Moreover, phytosomal‐curcumin inhibited the tumor growth in xerograph model. Histological staining of tumor tissues revealed vascular disruption and RBC extravasation, necrosis, tumor stroma, and inflammation. Co‐treatment of curcumin and 5‐FU reduced the lipid‐peroxidation and increased MDA/SOD level. Of note, curcumin reduced cyclinD‐expression in breast cancer cell treated with thrombin, and activates AMPK in a time‐dependent manner. Also suppression of AMPK abrogated inhibitory effect of phytosomal‐curcumin on thrombin‐induced cyclin D1 over‐expression, suggesting that AMPK is essential for anti‐proliferative effect of this agent in breast cancer. Our finding demonstrated that phytosomal‐curcumin antagonizes cell growth and migration, induced by thrombin through AMP‐Kinase in breast cancer, supporting further‐investigations on the therapeutic potential of this novel anticancer agent in treatment of breast cancer.
Endothelial committed oral stem cells as modelling in the relationship between periodontal and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Pizzicannella Jacopo , Diomede Francesca , Merciaro Ilaria , Caputi Sergio , Tartaro Armando , Guarnieri Simone , Trubiani Oriana
Published: March 2018

In the present study we have mimicked, in vitro, an inflammatory process using Lipopolysaccharide derived from Porphyromonas Gingivalis (LPS‐G) and human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells induced to endothelial differentiation (e‐hPDLSCs). The research project has been organized into the three following steps: i) induction of hPDLSCs toward endothelial differentiation; ii) evaluation of the molecular signaling pathway involved in the response to the LPS‐G, and iii) functional response evaluation of the living construct constituted by porcine decellularized valve/e‐hPDLSCs treated with LPS‐G. Obtained results showed that 5 μg/ml LPS‐G stimulus provokes: a slowdown of cell growth starting from 24 hr and the release of IL6, IL8, and MCP1 molecules. Signaling network analyzed showed the activation of TLR4/ NFkB/ERK1/2/p‐ERK1/2 signaling mediated by MyD88 in LPS‐G stimulated e‐hPDLSCs, moreover a time course put in evidence a nuclear traslocation of ERK1/2 and p‐ERK1/2 in differentiated samples. Following, the ability of e‐hPDLSCs to expand and colonize the decellularized porcine heart valves was appraised at ultrastructural level. Considering that, the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play an important role in the progression and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), in LPS‐G living construct model e‐hPDLSCs/decellularized porcine heart valves (dPHV), ROS production was assessed. Time lapse experiments evidenced that LPS‐G provokes in e‐hPDLSCs a rapid and sustained increase in ROS generation, negligible on undifferentiated cells. From obtained data, by multiparametric analyses, a reasonable conclusion may be that the inflammation process activated by LPS‐G can affect endothelial cells and could represent in vivo a possible pathological and predictor state of CVD.
Adenine alleviates iron overload by cAMP/PKA mediated hepatic hepcidin in mice
Authors: Zhang Yingqi , Wang Xudong , Wu Qian , Wang Hao , Zhao Lu , Wang Xinhui , Mu Mingdao , Xie Enjun , He Xuyan , Shao Dandan , Shang Yanna , Lai Yongrong , Ginzburg Yelena , Min Junxia , Wang Fudi
Published: March 2018

Hemochromatosis is prevalent and often associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The safe alternative iron‐reducing approaches are urgently needed in order to better control iron overload. Our unbiased vitamin screen for modulators of hepcidin, a master iron regulatory hormone, identifies adenine (vitamin B4) as a potent hepcidin agonist. Adenine significantly induced hepcidin mRNA level and promoter activity activation in human cell lines, possibly through BMP/SMAD pathway. Further studies in mice validated the effect of adenine on hepcidin upregulation. Consistently, adenine dietary supplement in mice led to an increase of hepatic hepcidin expression compared with normal diet–fed mice via BMP/SMAD pathway. Notably, adenine‐rich diet significantly ameliorated iron overload accompanied by the enhanced hepcidin expression in both high iron‐fed mice and in Hfe−/− mice, a murine model of hereditary hemochromatosis. To further validate this finding, we selected pharmacological inhibitors against BMP (LDN193189). We found LDN193189 strongly blocked the hepcidin induction by adenine. Moreover, we uncovered an essential role of cAMP/PKA‐dependent axis in triggering adenine‐induced hepcidin expression in primary hepatocytes by using 8 br cAMP, a cAMP analog, and H89, a potent inhibitor for PKA signaling. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role of adenine for hereditary hemochromatosis.
HBX protein promotes LASP‐1 expression through activation of c‐Jun in human hepatoma cells
Authors: You Hongjuan , Kong Fanyun , Zhou Kai , Wei Xiao , Hu Lei , Hu Wei , Luo Wenya , Kou Yanbo , Liu Xiaomei , Chen Xi , Zheng Kuiyang , Tang Renxian
Published: March 2018

LIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP‐1) is known to participate in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously showed that ectopic expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBX) enhanced the expression of LASP‐1, which promoted proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Here, we further demonstrated the molecular mechanism underlying upregulation of LASP‐1, mediated by HBX, in HBV‐infected HCC cells. Through a luciferase activity assay, we discovered that the LASP‐1 promoter region regulated by HBX contained an AP‐1 binding element in human hepatoma cells. Interestingly, c‐Jun, one subunit of AP‐1, was mainly responsible for activation, mediated by HBX, of the LASP‐1 promoter. Furthermore, HBX was shown not only to interact with phosphorylated c‐Jun in HCC cells but also to activate c‐Jun by increasing the activation of PI3‐K/JNK signaling. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated that HBX was capable of binding to the LASP‐1 promoter with c‐Jun. Further, the expression levels of HBX were shown to be significantly positively correlated with that of LASP‐1 and phosphorylatedc‐Jun in HBV‐related HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, the N‐terminus of HBX was found to be responsible for the activation of c‐Jun, as well as the expression of LASP‐1. Taken together, these results suggest that HBX contributes to LASP‐1 expression via the activation of c‐Jun to increase the promoter activity of LASP‐1 in HBV‐related HCC cells.
Alendronate induces osteoclast precursor apoptosis via peroxisomal dysfunction mediated ER stress
Authors: Ding Ning , Liu Chuan , Yao Li , Bai Yun , Cheng Peng , Li Zhilin , Luo Keyu , Mei Tieniu , Li Jianhua , Xing Junchao , Gao Xiaoliang , Ma Qinyu , Xu Jianzhong , Luo Fei , Dou Ce
Published: March 2018

Nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonates including alendronate (ALN) are the current first line antiresorptive drug in treating osteoporosis. In our study, we found that ALN administration impaired the secretion of platelet derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF‐BB), the most important angiogenic cytokines produced by preosteoclast (POC), in both sham and ovariectomized (OVX) mice. To further understand this phenomenon, we induced bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to POCs in vitro and detected the effects of ALN particularly in POCs. The proapoptotic effect of ALN in POCs was confirmed by flow cytometry. On the molecular level, we found that farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) inhibition of ALN led to peroxisomal dysfunction and up regulation of cytoprotective protein glucose‐regulated protein (GRP) 78. Peroxisomal dysfunction further induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in POCs and finally resulted in cell apoptosis marked by reduced expression of B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and increased expressions of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), Bcl2 associated X (Bax), and cleaved caspase‐3. We concluded that ALN has no selectivity in inhibiting POC and mature osteoclast. For POCs, ALN inhibition of FDPS leads to peroxisomal dysfunction, which further mediates ER stress and finally causes cell apoptosis. Considering that decreased angiogenesis is also an important issue in treating osteoporosis, how to preserve pro‐angiogenic POCs while depleting mature osteoclasts is a problem worthy to be solved.
Genetic effects of the transcription factors‐sal‐like 1 and spalt‐like transcription factor 3 on egg production‐related traits in Chinese Dagu hens
Authors: Zhu Hongyan , Qin Ning , Tyasi Thobela Louis , Jing Yang , Liu Dehui , Yuan Shuguo , Xu Rifu
Published: March 2018

Transcription factors (TFs) encoded by SALL1 and SALL3 genes play central roles in the regulation of ovarian development in hens. The present study aimed to examine polymorphisms of these two genes in Chinese Dagu chickens, and to identify the effects of TFs on the laying performance. Among the population, two novel single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) in the amplicons of the candidate genes. The effect of the SNP (729C > A) in exon 2 of SALL1 gene on egg production at 43, 57, and 66 weeks and EW at 30 and 43 weeks were the most significant in the 360 samples (P < 0.05). Moreover, for the SNP 1014T > A (in exon 2 of SALL3), the TT genotype was significantly correlated with higher egg production and EW (P < 0.05). Furthermore, four combined genotypes were reconstructed based on the two SNPs. The combined genotype TATT was correlated with the highest egg production at 43–66 weeks and with higher EW at 30, 43 weeks (P < 0.05). The polymorphisms of the two TFs studied are potential molecular genetic markers for chicken breeding, which might help in understanding the genetic structure of laying performance and improving these traits directly by marker‐assisted selection (MAS).
Expression of the Sox9, Foxl2, Vasa, and TRPV4 genes in the ovaries and testes of the Morelet's crocodile, Crocodylus moreletii
Authors: Martínez‐Juárez Adriana , López‐Luna Marco A. , Porras‐Gómez Tania J. , Moreno‐Mendoza Norma
Published: March 2018

The Sox9 gene is important for determining sex in vertebrates, as well as for maintaining testis morphology and fertility during adult life. In the same way, Vasa is an important gene for the maintenance of the germinal lineage and has been highly conserved throughout evolution, as it is expressed in germ cells of both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the particular case of crocodiles, the expression of Sox9 during gonadal morphogenesis and in the testes of 3‐month‐old Alligator mississippiensis has been studied. However, it is interesting to carry out studies on other species of crocodiles in relation to their particular mechanism for sex determination influenced by temperature. In this work, we investigated the expression of the Sox9, Vasa, Foxl2, and TRPV4 genes in the ovaries and testes of 5‐year‐old juvenile crocodiles from Crocodylus moreletii. As expected, Sox9 expression was found in males, but surprisingly, it was also found in females. For the first time, the expression of Vasa was reported in spermatogonia, oogonia, and oocytes of 5‐year‐old crocodiles. Foxl2 is important for the development and maintenance of the ovary during adult life in vertebrates; moreover, Foxl2 protein and transcripts are both highly expressed in the ovaries compared to the testes. A possible upstream regulator of the Sox9 gene in reptiles has not yet been discovered; as such, the expression of the TRPV4 ion channel was evaluated. The TRPV4 ion channel was expressed in the cytoplasm of Sertoli and follicular cells and was therefore proposed as a possible regulator of SOX9.
Recent advances in gene‐enhanced bone tissue engineering
Authors: Betz Volker M. , Kochanek Stefan , Rammelt Stefan , Müller Peter E. , Betz Oliver B. , Messmer Carolin
Published: March 2018

The loss of bone tissue represents a critical clinical condition that is frequently faced by surgeons. Substantial progress has been made in the area of bone research, providing insight into the biology of bone under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as tools for the stimulation of bone regeneration. The present review discusses recent advances in the field of gene‐enhanced bone tissue engineering. Gene transfer strategies have emerged as highly effective tissue engineering approaches for supporting the repair of the musculoskeletal system. By contrast to treatment with recombinant proteins, genetically engineered cells can release growth factors at the site of injury over extended periods of time. Of particular interest are the expedited technologies that can be applied during a single surgical procedure in a cost‐effective manner, allowing translation from bench to bedside. Several promising methods based on the intra‐operative genetic manipulation of autologous cells or tissue fragments have been developed in preclinical studies. Moreover, gene therapy for bone regeneration has entered the clinical stage with clinical trials for the repair of alveolar bone. Current trends in gene‐enhanced bone engineering are also discussed with respect to the movement of the field towards expedited, translational approaches. It is possible that gene‐enhanced bone tissue engineering will become a clinical reality within the next few years.