bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of CNTs, ZnO, Gd2O3 and SiO2 on Calcium Silicate Hydrate: A Raman spectroscopic study
Authors: Azeem Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Raman spectra are collated from the cement paste matrices of CNTs, ZnO, Gd2O3, and SiO2. The spectra show that CNTs do not take part in hydration process and therefore concentration of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) is unchanged in CNT-OPC matrix. The metal oxides, on the other hand, have shown significant effects on the CSH concentration. The CSH concentration increases with the increase of ZnO weight percent in the matrix whereas spectra collected from Gd2O3 matrix shows the strongest CSH vibrational bands. Moreover, vibrational bands of CaCO3 also become weak in the matrices with Gd2O3. The addition of SiO2 however had opposite effects that is by increasing the weight percent of SiO2 in the matrix, the CSH concentration is decreased. Since CSH acts a glue in a binder, the study shows that its concentration can be controlled by adding foreign elements. Such binders are expected to show improved strength and durability.
Utilization of Radiation Therapy and Predictors of Noncompliance Among Syrian Refugees in Turkey
Authors: Sayan Mutlay , Eren Mehmet Fuat , Kotek Ayse , Kaplan Sedenay Oskeroglu , Duran Ozge , Cukurcayır Funda , Babalıoglu Ibrahim , Or Ozlem Derinalp , Ozturk Gul Aysen , Eroglu Celalettin , Teke Fatma , Kurtul Neslihan , Kutuk Tugce , Bicakci Beyhan Ceylaner , Senyurek Sukran , Aktan Meryem , Mamidanna Swati , Ohri Nisha , Haffty Bruce , Atalar Banu
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAccess to cancer care is a problem that continues to plague refugees displaced from their home countries. The turbulent political crisis in Syria, which has led to millions of refugees seeking asylum in Turkey, merits further attention. We aimed to study the rate of utilization of radiation therapy among Syrian refugees with cancer living in Turkey in an attempt to identify the contributing factors predictive of non-compliance with prescribed RT.MethodsIn this retrospective review of 14 institutional databases, Syrian refugee patients in Turkey with a cancer diagnosis from January 2015 to December 2018 who were treated with RT were identified. The demographic data, treatment compliance rates, and toxicity outcomes in these patients were surveyed. Variable predictors of noncompliance such as age, gender, diagnosis, geographic location, treatment length, and toxicity were studied. The association between these variables and patient noncompliance was determined.ResultsWe identified 10,537 patients who were diagnosed with cancer during the study period, of whom 1010 (9.6%) patients were treated with RT. Breast cancer (30%) and lung cancer (14%) were the most common diagnoses with up to 68% of patients diagnosed at an advanced stage (Stage III, IV). 20% of the patients were deemed noncompliant. Treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.06 – 2.46, p = 0.023) and living in a refugee camp (OR 3.62, 95% CI 2.43 – 5.19, p < 0.001) were associated with noncompliance. Age, gender and treatment length were not significantly associated with noncompliance.ConclusionsNoncompliance with radiotherapy among Syrian refugees in Turkey remains an area of concern with a multitude of factors contributing to these alarming numbers. Further studies to better ascertain the finer nuances of this intricately complex problem and a global combination of efforts can pave the way to providing a solution.
Lack of miRNA-17 family mediates high glucose-induced PAR-1 up-regulation in glomerular mesangial cells
Authors: Tang Zhuang-Zhuang , Gu Pan-Pan , An Xiao-Fei , Gou Ling-Shan , Liu Yao-Wu
Published: September 2021

Up-regulation of thrombin receptor protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) is verified to contribute to chronic kidney diseases, including diabetic nephropathy, however, the mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of PAR-1 on high glucose-induced proliferation of human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs), and explored the mechanism of PAR-1 up-regulation from alteration of microRNAs. We found that high glucose stimulated proliferation of the mesangial cells whereas PAR-1 inhibition with vorapaxar attenuated the cell proliferation. Moreover, high glucose up-regulated PAR-1 in mRNA level and protein expression while did not affect the enzymatic activity of thrombin in HMCs after 48 h culture. Then high glucose induced PAR-1 elevation was likely due to the alteration of the transcription or post-transcriptional processing. It was found that miR-17 family members including miR-17-5p, -20a-5p, and − 93-5p were markedly decreased among the eight detected microRNAs only in high glucose-cultured HMCs, but miR-129-5p, miR-181a-5p, and miR-181b-5p were markedly decreased in both high glucose-cultured HMCs and osmotic press control compared with normal glucose culture. So miR-20a was selected to confirm the role of miR-17 family on PAR-1 up-regulation, finding that miR-20a-5p overexpression reversed the up-regulation of PAR-1 in mRNA and protein levels induced by high glucose in HMCs. In summary, our finding indicated that PAR-1 up-regulation mediated proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells induced by high glucose, and deficiency of miR-17 family resulted in PAR-1 up-regulation.
Impact of covid19 lockdown on sleep quality and acute psychiatric morbidity in medical students in Sudan.
Authors: Altayeb Albashir A. , altayeb Batool A. , Ibrahim Mohammed E. , Abdalgalil Amira Siddig
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is an emerging infection causing a widely spread pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The current COVID-19 pandemic is promoting fear of falling sick, dying, helplessness, and stigma. Urgent and timely understanding of sleep quality and mental health status is needed to help the community. Our investigation designed to assess the degree of sleep disturbance and psychological impact of the lockdown among medical students at university of Khartoum.Objectives: this study conducted to assess the impact of covid-19 lockdown on sleep quality and acute psychiatric morbidities among medical students at university of Khartoum.Method: Institutional based cross sectional study was conducted among 326 participants from Khartoum university, faculty of medicine. Study participants were determined by two steps, stratified sampling followed by systematic sampling techniques. Data was collected using standardized questionnaire, entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software version 25.Results: out of the total 326 participants 211(64.7%0 were females, and 115(35.35) were males. 92 (28.2%) form the participants were good sleepers and 234 (71.8%) were poor sleepers, the prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety and depression in the participants was found 19.4%, 35.9% respectively. There was correlation between having poor sleep quality and depression among the participants.Conclusion: This study found that there is negative impact of the covid-19 lockdown on medical students, which we found that two thirds of the participants are poor sleepers with a predominance of the female gender among them, One third of the participants had moderate to severe depression which also affects the female more than the males and the junior students more than the seniors, Fifth of the participants had moderate to severe anxiety which affect both gender equally but it did affect the junior students more than the seniors.
Thermodynamic Mechanism of the Density and Compressibility Anomalies of Water in the Range -30<T(oC) <100
Authors: Yasutomi Makoto
Published: September 2021

Compared to normal liquids, water exhibits a variety of anomalous thermal behaviors. This fact has been known for centuries. However, the thermodynamic mechanisms behind them have not been elucidated despite the efforts of many researchers. Under such circumstances, the author theoretically reproduced the measured values of the density-temperature curve at 1 atm for water above 0 oC. Then, the mystery of negative thermal expansion was clarified in relation to the shapes of the intermolecular interactions. In this paper, the author develops this line of work further and presents the interactions between water molecules to simultaneously reproduce the measured values of both the density-temperature curve and the isothermal compressibility-temperature curve in the range -30<100 at 1 atm. Then, the thermodynamic mechanism that produces these thermal behaviors is clarified in relation to the shapes of the interactions between molecules. Unraveling the mystery of related phenomena in relation to the shapes of the interaction between molecules has been a traditional and fundamental method in physics since the days of Newton.
Prognostic Value of Radiological Findings Indeterminate for UIP Pattern and Anterior Upper Lobe Honeycomb-like Lesion in Chronic Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Disease Associated with MPO-ANCA
Authors: Yamakawa Hideaki , Sato Shintaro , Nakamura Tomohiko , Nishizawa Tomotaka , Kawabe Rie , Oba Tomohiro , Horikoshi Masanobu , Akasaka Keiichi , Amano Masako , Kuwano Kazuyoshi , Sasaki Hiroki , Matsushima Hidekazu
Published: September 2021

Background: Myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) is often positive in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD), which is also often present in patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). A possible association between MPO-ANCA, MPA, and idiopathic ILD remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine whether high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) classification based on recent idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis guideline and specific CT findings can obtain new knowledge of prognostic factors in all MPO-ANCA-positive patients with ILD including both idiopathic ILD and MPA-ILD.Methods: We analyzed 101 consecutive MPO-ANCA-positive patients with respiratory disease. We assessed the diagnostic accuracy of CT findings, HRCT pattern, and specific radiological signs. Prognostic predictors were determined using Cox regression models.Results: Subjects with chronic ILD included 22 patients with MPA-ILD and 39 patients with ILD but without MPA. A quarter of the patients were radiological indeterminate for usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern, which resulted in a better prognosis than that for UIP pattern. “Increased attenuation around honeycomb and traction bronchiectasis” and “anterior upper lobe honeycomb-like lesion” were found to be highly frequent radiological findings (39% and 30%, respectively). In addition, the latter finding was a significant negative prognostic factor.Conclusions: Radiological indeterminate for UIP was a useful HRCT classification in MPO-ANCA-positive patients with ILD. In addition, anterior upper lobe honeycomb-like lesion was found to be specific radiological finding that was a significant prognostic factor. The present results might aid in the assessment of appropriate strategies of diagnosis in these patients.
Sophorolipid protects against early-weaning syndrome by improving the gut microenvironment in early-weaned piglets
Authors: Kwak Min-jin , Choi Sun-Woo , Choi Yong-Soon , Lee Hanbae , Whang Kwang-Youn
Published: September 2021

Background
In animals, weaning stress is the first and most critical stress. Weaning can negatively affect the growth performance of animals physically, psychologically, and pathologically. Our previous studies on the HT-29 cell line and early-weaned rats demonstrated that adequate sophorolipid (SPL) supplementation in feed could enhance the mucin-producing and wound healing capacities of the gut defense system by modulating gut microbiota.
Results
Dietary SPL supplementation at 5 and 10 mg/kg quadratically increased the average daily gain during the experimental period in the treatment groups when compared with the control group. The albumin levels of piglets fed with the SPL supplemented diet were downregulated to the normal range. Moreover, in feed, SPL supplementation at 5 and 10 mg/kg improved jejunal histological indices and gene expression levels related to mucin secretion and local inflammation markers. Consistent with these results, adequate SPL supplementation (5 and 10 mg/kg) increased the population of Lactobacillus, a beneficial bacteria, and its short-chain fatty acid production in the ceca of piglets.
Conclusions
The occurrence of diarrhea after weaning in piglets could be reduced by feeding an SPL-supplemented diet which improves the gut defense system by increasing the microbial population and enhancing mucin layer integrity.
Distinct immune cell dynamics mark adverse events and antibody responses of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
Authors: Takano Tomohiro , Morikawa Miwa , Adachi Yu , Kabasawa Kiyomi , Sax Nicolas , Moriyama Saya , Sun Lin , Isogawa Masanori , Nishiyama Ayae , Onodera Taishi , Terahara Kazutaka , Tonouchi Keisuke , Nishimura Masashi , Tomii Kentaro , Yamashita Kazuo , Matsumura Takayuki , Shinkai Masaharu , Takahashi Yoshimasa
Published: September 2021

Pfizer/BioNTec BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine robustly elicits neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in clinical trials and real-world settings. However, booster vaccinations are frequently associated with self-limited adverse events. Here, by applying a high-dimensional immune profiling approach to peripheral blood, we linked early vaccine-induced immune dynamics with adverse events and neutralizing antibody responses. The dynamics of two dendritic cell subsets (DC3s and AS-DCs) were identified as the specific correlates for adverse events; the combination of these cell dynamics stratified the vaccinees with severe reactogenicity, while the stratification did not affect the neutralizing antibody titers. Furthermore, the NKT-like cell dynamics that correlated with adverse events and antibody titers were accounted for distinct magnitudes of both events by sex and age. The identified immune correlates for adverse events and antibody responses may pave the way for a rational vaccine strategy for reducing the reactogenicity of mRNA vaccines without compromising the immunogenicity.
Better latent spaces for better autoencoders
Authors: Dillon Barry , Plehn Tilman , Sauer Christof , Sorrenson Peter
Published: September 2021

Autoencoders as tools behind anomaly searches at the LHC have the
structural problem that they only work in one direction, extracting
jets with higher complexity but not the other way around. To
address this, we derive classifiers from the latent space of
(variational) autoencoders, specifically in Gaussian mixture and
Dirichlet latent spaces. In particular, the Dirichlet setup solves the
problem and improves both the performance and the interpretability
of the networks.
Determining the importance of high-reliability healthcare organizations during the Covid-19 pandemic: Evidence from healthcare workers in Turkey
Authors: Sarihasan Imran , Oláh Judit , Al-Dalahmeh Main , Yousuf Allam , Dajnoki Krisztina
Published: September 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused changes in the social and economic environments for healthcare. Particularly, to avoid spreading the Coronavirus pandemic, release the stress among healthcare workers, and make them work effectively during the epidemic, high-reliability healthcare organizations give great importance to the improvement of their functions. This study aims to show the importance of high-reliability healthcare organizations comparing their effectiveness during a pandemic by applied qualitative research method with many statistical analyses. In order to achieve the aim of the study, a Likert scale survey technique is used to collect the data by using an online survey. 280 healthcare workers filled the survey from January 17, 2021, to February 22, 2021. Based on the outcomes of the analyses, it has been found that such functions as shared knowledge pattern, provision of self-care, awareness of the coronavirus consequences at the workplace of high-reliability healthcare organizations have a positive and significant relationship at p < 0.01 level with taken appropriate measures against coronavirus variable. Self-awareness of organizational role, organizational resources to provide safety, flexibility of work, environmental safety, and collective mindfulness do not have any relationship with the appropriate measures against Covid-19 variable. This outcome indicates that shared knowledge pattern, provision of self-care, and awareness of the coronavirus consequences at the workplace have a more important role in combating Covid-19 in high-reliability healthcare organizations.
AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank all the healthcare workers, who filled the survey of the study. This paper is supported by EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00007—“Young researchers for talent”— supporting careers in research activities in higher education program.
Pemberdayaan Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) RW 04, Kelurahan Jemur Wonosari, Kota Surabaya
Authors: Liesawan Tresiyani Mettasari , Novita Jesseline Carissa
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had many impacts on various fields. One of those affected is micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) in RW 04, Jemur Wonosari, Surabaya, is a place that produces or empowers hydroponic vegetables. The marketing and sales system was still very conventional and by word of mouth that KRPL struggled during the pandemic. Therefore, an empowerment of KRPL was held with the hope that it could help the development of business through marketing. This service conducted interviews to find more detailed information, to create business logos, signboards, e-commerce and at last, the results were presented to RW 04 and KRPL.Pandemi COVID-19 banyak memberi dampak pada berbagai bidang. Salah satu yang terkena dampaknya adalah usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM). Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari (KRPL) yang ada di RW 04, Jemur Wonosari, Surabaya adalah tempat yang memproduksi atau memberdayakan sayuran hidroponik. Sistem pemasaran dan penjualan produk masih sangat tradisional dan secara manual dari mulut ke mulut sehingga KRPL mengalami kesulitan saat pandemi. Oleh karena itu, diadakan pemberdayaan kawasan KRPL dengan harapan dapat membantu mengembangkan usaha masyarakat melalui pemasaran. Pengabdian ini melakukan wawancara untuk menemukan informasi lebih detail, membuatkan logo usaha, papan nama, e-commerce dan setelah itu akan dilakukan presentasi hasil ke pihak RW 04 dan KRPL.
Identification and characterization of vancomycin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin hospital wastewaters: evidence of horizontal spread of antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Girijan Sneha Kalasseril , Pillai Devika
Published: September 2021

Antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health around the world, but its spread through the aquatic environment has been often overlooked. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital wastewaters and their transmission into public water bodies in Kerala, India. A total of 113 S. aureus were isolated from three hospital effluents in Kerala, India. Standard disc diffusion and the strip method were used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentration detection. Plasmid-mediated vancomycin resistance was confirmed by plasmid curing and conjugation; resistant genes were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nearly 76% of S. aureus isolates were resistant to β-lactams, chloramphenicol, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and glycopeptide class of antibiotics. Among the vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolates, the prevalence rates of vanA and vanB resistance-encoding genes were 46.5 and 59.3%, respectively. Through the broth mating method, vanA gene was successfully transferred from VRSA donor to vancomycin-sensitive S. aureus. The study strongly indicates the contamination of water bodies with antibiotic-resistant bacteria from hospital discharges, their dissemination and possible transfer to microbes in the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat for public health.
Treatment of GM2 Gangliosidosis in Adult Sandhoff Mice Using an Intravenous
Self-Complementary Hexosaminidase Vector
Authors: Walia Jagdeep S. , Osmon Karlaina JL. , Thompson Patrick , Woodley Evan , Karumuthil-Melethil Subha , Heindel Cliff , Keimel John G. , Kaemmerer William F. , Gray Steven J.
Published: September 2021

Background:

GM2 gangliosidosis is a neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disease
caused by the deficiency of β-hexosaminidase A enzyme (Hex A), an α/β-subunit heterodimer. A
novel variant of the human hexosaminidase α-subunit, coded by HEX M, has previously been
shown to form a stable homodimer, Hex M, that hydrolyzes GM2 gangliosides (GM2) in vivo.

Materials & Methods:

The current study assessed the efficacy of intravenous (IV) delivery of a
self-complementary adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (scAAV9) vector incorporating the HEXM
transgene, scAAV9/HEXM, including the outcomes based on the dosages provided to the Sandhoff
(SD) mice. Six-week-old SD mice were injected with either 2.5E+12 vector genomes (low dose,
LD) or 1.0E+13 vg (high dose, HD). We hypothesized that when examining the dosage comparison
for scAAV9/HEXM in adult SD mice, the HD group would have more beneficial outcomes
than the LD cohort. Assessments included survival, behavioral outcomes, vector biodistribution,
and enzyme activity within the central nervous system.

Results:

Toxicity was observed in the HD cohort, with 8 of 14 mice dying within one month of the
injection. As compared to untreated SD mice, which have typical survival of 16 weeks, the LD cohort
and the remaining HD mice had a significant survival benefit with an average/median survival
of 40.6/34.5 and 55.9/56.7 weeks, respectively. Significant behavioral, biochemical and molecular
benefits were also observed. The second aim of the study was to investigate the effects of IV mannitol
infusions on the biodistribution of the LD scAAV9/HEXM vector and the survival of the SD
mice. Increases in both the biodistribution of the vector as well as the survival benefit (average/median
of 41.6/49.3 weeks) were observed.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrate the potential benefit and critical limitations of the treatment
of GM2 gangliosidosis using IV delivered AAV vectors.
Poly (Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose) Polymerase-1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
in the 3'-Untranslated Region for Ischemic Stroke Risk Reduction
Authors: Gu Lujun , Xu Gangtao , Liu Dinghua
Published: September 2021

Objective:

To determine the effect of PARP1 polymorphism on gene interactions.

Methods:

A total of 500 patients and 500 healthy controls were enrolled.

Results:

Analysis of clinical data showed that patients with stroke, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated
serum triglyceride levels had higher levels of alcohol and smoking. The polymorphism of
PARP1rs8679 was inversely associated with the risk of ischemic stroke. Patients with PARP1rs8679AG/
GG genotypes had a lower incidence of an initial stroke. Compared with the wild
genotype, mRNA levels of PARP1 were reduced. MiR-124-5p directly induced PARP1 inhibition
through the gain binding ability of 3 'UTR binding.

Conclusion:

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8679 in PARP13ʹUTR can prevent ischemic
stroke.
Is Gadoxetic Acid Disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance
Imaging an Accurate Diagnostic Method for Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Junqiang Lei , Yinzhong Wang , Xiaoxue Tian , Jinhui Tian , Pengcheng Yang , Xiaoying Liu
Published: September 2021

Background:

Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOBDTPA)
has become a widely used liver-specific contrast agent worldwide, but its value and limitations
as a diagnostic technique with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), have not been assessed.

Introduction:

A review of the latest evidence available on the diagnostic value of Gd-EOB-DTPA-
enhanced MRI for the evaluation of HCC is reported.

Methods:

A systematic, comprehensive literature search was conducted with PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE,
the Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, vip, wanfangdata and CBM from inception
to June 31, 2020. The QUADAS-2 tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included
studies. Pooled sensitivity (SEN), pooled specificity (SPE), pooled positive likelihood ratio (PLR),
pooled negative likelihood ratio (NLR), pooled diagnostic odds ratio (dOR) and summary receiver
operating characteristic (SROC) curves were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of the individual
diagnostic tests.

Results:

A total of 47 articles were included, involving a total of 6362 nodules in 37 studies based
on per-lesion studies. There were 13 per-patient studies, including a total of 1816 patients. The results
of the meta-analysis showed that the per-lesion studies pooled weighted values were SEN
0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87-0.92], SPE 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90-0.94), PLR 11.6 (95% CI:
8.8-15.2), NLR 0.11 (95% CI: 0.09-0.14) and dOR 107.0 (95% CI: 74.0-155.0). The AUC of the
SROC curve was 0.96. The per-patient studies pooled weighted values were SEN 0.84 [95% confidence
interval (CI): 0.78-0.89], SPE 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.94), PLR 10.4 (95% CI: 7.4-14.6), NLR
0.17 (95% CI: 0.12-0.24) and dOR 61.0 (95% CI: 42.0-87.0). The AUC of the SROC curve was
0.95 and subgroup analyses were performed.

Conclusions:

The diagnostic value of Gd-EOB-DTPA for HCC was quantitatively evaluated in a
per-lesion study and a per-patient study using a systematic review of the literature. A positive conclusion
was drawn: Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced imaging is a valuable diagnostic technique for HCC.
The size of the nodules and the selection of the imaging diagnostic criteria may affect the diagnostic
sensitivity.
Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Crohn's Disease and Perianal Fistulas:
A Narrative Review
Authors: Sheikholeslami Azar , Fazaeli Hoda , Kalhor Naser , Khoshandam Mohadeseh , Eshagh Hoseini Seyed Jalal , Sheykhhasan Mohsen
Published: September 2021

:

Crohn's Disease (CD), which usually leads to anal fistulas among patients, is the most
important inflammatory bowel disease that causes morbidity in many people around the world.
This review article proposes using MSCs as a hopeful therapeutic strategy for CD and anal fistula
treatment in both preclinical and clinical conditions. Finally, darvadstrocel, a cell-based medication
to treat complex anal fistulas in adults, as the only European Medicines Agency (EMA)-approved
product for the treatment of anal fistulas in CD is addressed.
Although several common therapies, such as surgery and anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)
drugs as well as a combination of these methods is used to improve this disease, however, due to
the low effectiveness of these treatments, the use of new strategies with higher efficiency is still recommended.
Cell therapy is among the new emerging therapeutic strategies that have attracted great
attention from clinicians due to its unique capabilities. One of the most widely used cell sources administrated
in cell therapy is mesenchymal stem cell (MSC).
This review article will discuss preclinical and clinical studies about MSCs as a potent and promising
therapeutic option in the treatment of CD and anal fistula.
Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Properties of Resveratrol Oligomers from the Stem Bark of Dryobalanops rappa
Authors: Wibowo Agustono , Ahmat Norizan , Biau Foo Jhi , Loh Jian Sheng , Hamzah Ahmad Sazali
Published: September 2021

Background:

Dryobalanops rappa is a plant species belonging to the family of Dipterocarpaceae.
Nevertheless, the active compounds present in D. rappa have never been investigated.

Objective:

The aim of this research is to isolate and characterize compounds from Dryobalanops
rappa and to study its bioactivity against human MCF-7 breast cancer and A549 lung cancer cell
lines and several bacterial strains.

Methods:

The isolation step was carried out using a combination of chromatographic techniques.
The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated mainly using NMR spectroscopy. The cytotoxic
activity of isolated compounds was determined with MTT assay, and the antimicrobial was
screened using a modified resazurin microtiter-plate assay.

Results:

Isolation and purification of methanolic extract of D. rappa stem bark yielded 14 known
oligomeric resveratrol types of compounds (1-14). Results showed that isolated ampelopsin E (5)
and vaticanol C (14) displayed moderate activity against human MCF-7 breast cancer and A549
lung cancer cell lines with IC50 values 14.3 and 10.7 μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, acetate derivative
of isolated laevifonol (2) and ampelopsin F (3) was found to possess potent activities towards
MCF-7 cancer cell line with IC50 values 2.8 and 3.3 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison to
the parental compounds that demonstrated weak activities (IC50 > 50 μg/mL). For the antibacterial
assay, compounds 10 and 12 showed moderate activities towards Gram-positive bacterial strains
(MIC ≤ 50 μM).

Conclusion:

14 known oligomeric resveratrol types of compounds have been isolated. The activity
of 14 against A549 cell line, 5 against MCF-7 cell line, and 10 and 12 against Gram-positive bacterial
strains were the most promising results of this study. While the strong cytotoxicity of acetate
derivative (2 and 3) against MCF-7 cell line has revealed the potential of resveratrol oligomers to
be used as a template for designing new anticancer drugs.
Pseudomonas sp. a Dominant Population of Bacteria in the Cold Water of Mount Sabalan Crater Lake
Authors: Ahangari Hossein , Forouhandeh Haleh , Ebrahimi Tahereh , Ebrahimi Vida , Montazersaheb Soheila , Tarhriz Vahideh
Published: September 2021

Background:

Sabalan (Savalan) Lake is a stable crater lake located at the summit of Sabalan,
an inactive stratovolcano and the third highest mountain of Iran. Because of cold weather
conditions, the lake is frozen in most months of the year. The biodiversity of microbial flora in this
area needs to be explored to find its similarity with the arctic regions’ biodiversity.

Objective:

The psychrophilic bacterial population of Sabalan (Savalan) Crater Lake was identified.
The current research is the first report on aquatic bacterial strains isolation and characterization
from Sabalan Lake.

Methods:

Water sample collections were cultured on four different media, and then colonies were
isolated by the plating method. The phylogenetic features of the isolates were scrutinized, and finally,
the phenotypic characteristics were investigated using specific culture methods.

Results:

The results of morphological tests indicated that most isolates were Gram-negative and
rod shape, which were able to grow between ˗4 and +37 ºC. According to the phylogenetic analysis,
the isolated strains belonged to Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Kocuria, and Micrococcus genera, and
about 60% of the isolates belonged to the various species of Pseudomonas as a dominant genus
with abounded frequency. In addition, several isolates showed 99% similarity with bacteria, which
were previously isolated from Antarctic regions such as Pseudomonas antarctica and Micrococcus
antarctica.

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that the microbial populations of cold areas are the same across
geographical distances. In addition, these bacterial strains could be a primitive source of new enzymes
for technological applications, such as biosurfactant production.
Mindfulness: An effective technique for various psychological problems
Authors: Pratikta Arihdya Caesar
Published: September 2021

Mindfulness recently has gained its popularity amongst therapeutic researchers and practitioners. As a part of therapy sessions, mindfulness highlights the urgency of the relationship between therapists and clients as this factor can strongly predict the therapeutic outcomes. This article will discuss issue and several mindfulness-related aspects. The remainder will be organised into six sections, including: the definition of mindfulness, the importance of relationship in mindfulness, measurement the outcomes of mindfulnes, several mindfulness-based therapies, the benefits of mindfulness from various empirical studies, summarising the presented explanations and offering suggestions for future research. Researchers and practitioners have developed various mindfulness-based therapies. It also imply the practice of counseling. Counseling with mindfulness-based can effectively help people who suffer from various psychological problems, ranging from anxiety disorders to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. Nevertheless, it warrants further research to overcome the current research flaws, such as the number of sample size, methodological procedures, and replicated findings.
When Offense and Mutual Forgiveness Collide Yearly in Indonesia: A Qualitative Study During Eid al-Fitr
Authors: Gunawan Nanang Erma
Published: September 2021

One custom of Indonesian Muslims during Eid al-Fitr is to celebrate Ramadhan's end by requesting and giving forgiveness amongst Muslims. This celebration is the symbol of the triumph of the Muslims after a month of fasting and going back to being sinless like a newborn child. While mutual forgiveness has become an adhering religious practice, there is still limited analysis of how individuals deal with themselves about the observed offensive event with other people, and the spiritual practice of forgiving each other. Ten participants who participated in this research to address this issue. To evaluate the gathered data, the researcher conducted a content analysis. Results indicate that pardoning criminals during the Eid al-Fitr can be attainable. Not all the participants could forgive, however, simply because it was during a religious practice. Other causal factors to forgive are the degree of damage, anger, and recognition of the traumatic encounter.Keywords: Offense, Forgiveness, Eid al-Fitr, Resentment, Indonesia
Do Consumption Values In Heritage Food Play a Role in the Development of Behavioural Intentions?
Authors: Saad Mazni , Kamarizzaman Nur Assyiqin , Ishak Noriza , Pratt Thomas James
Published: September 2021

This study explores the state of tourists' perception of Pahang heritage food. Data were obtained from 164 tourists through social media applications. The survey outcomes were encouraging, which showed a positive and significant influence between food consumption values and a domestic tourist's behavioral intentions to consume heritage foods. These findings will help Pahang's destination managers better understand how the promotion of heritage foods can be utilized to attract future domestic tourism. Marketers should increase familiarity with heritage foods, particularly among potential domestic tourists, as familiarity may increase emotional values.
WHY DID THE UKRAINIANS DISAPPEAR ON KUBAN?
Authors: BILYI DMYTRO , PETRENKO IVAN
Published: September 2021

An issue, regarding famine (Holodomor) – genocide organization that was performed by the Soviet system on Kuban where the Ukrainians constituted majority, is considered in the article. The particular schemes of the deliberate policy oriented on physical annihilation of the Ukrainian population on Kuban, destruction of the national, ethnical and group (Cossacks’) identity, cessation of national-cultural development, forced russification, all abovementioned are the characteristics of genocide, the main features of which were determined by a particular UN resolution in 1948. The authors provide the particular data that reveal a deliberate policy of the USSR aimed at annihilation of the Ukrainians on the Northern Caucasus (Kuban). Provided factual data is based on the wide range of archival sources, testimonies of witnesses, publications of the scientific studies. The authors’ analysis permits to conclude that a deliberate policy was provided regarding the Ukrainians on Kuban that were an inherent part of the general Ukrainian national space during 1932-1933-s, namely the policy included mass physical annihilation via artificial famine, repressions, deportations as well as via different means of the Ukrainians’ denationalization. The processes were on the territory of the USRR as well as in the places of high concentration of the Ukrainians beyond its borders, particularly on the Northern Caucasus. The specific implications of the work are to highlight the methods that the Soviet government used against the Ukrainians on Kuban at the abovementioned period, the authors consider the measures as genocide based on the UN resolution of 1948, moreover, the analysis of the statistical data is provided to prove the scale of physical loss of the Ukrainians on Kuban. Considering that the scientific issue of the his-tory of the Ukrainians on the Northern Caucasus (Kuban) at the period of famine (Holodomor) du¬ring 1932-1933-s only begins to be reflected, the results of the article can be a base for the further studies and more deep consideration of one of the greatest disasters in the 20th century – Famine (Holodomor)-genocide of the Ukrainian nation.
DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF VICTIMS OF THE HOLODOMOR GENOCIDE OF 1932-1933 IN UKRAINE
Authors: SERHIYCHUK VOLODYMYR
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the state of counting the casualties of the Holodomor-genocide of 1932-1933 in Ukraine. In par-ticular, there are testimonies of German and Italian diplomats of the time, who received confidential information from Soviet officials, which formed the basis of the established diaspora statement about the casualties: “from 7 to 10 million”. It is noted that during Gorbachev’s Perestroika in the USSR, Moscow was forced to recognize the Holodomor in Ukraine and allowed to write about the loss of 3.5 million people. Modern Ukrainian demographers, who work for foreign grants, continue to support this figure with some clarifications. At the same time, the primary documents of the Ukrainian archives, thanks to the historical and statistical method, make it possible to establish the minimum number of casualties during the Holodomor-genocide of 1932-1933 at 7,117.6 thousand people, because the information has been perceived on the population of the UkrSSR as of early 1932 (32,680 thousand people) and those born in 1932-1933, which allows us to establish the presence of inhabitants of the city and village as of January 1, 1934 using updated materials of the All-Union Census of 1937 and human growth in 1934-1936 – only 26,815.8 thousand. And it should have been 33,853.5 thousand people. And the use of histor-ical-statistical method of calculation allows to reach the figure of 9.5 million in the UkrSSR. This is provided that the dead hungry Ukrainian peasants in Russia and Belarus, where they went for bread, and were shot by Soviet border guards or drowned in the Zbruch and the Dniester due to their inability to swim are counted; when the number of workers brought from the Soviet republics in 1932-1936 to the socialist new buildings of the UkrSSR, who were counted as its inhabitants during the All-Union census of 1937, etc., are established.Of particular importance for establishing the probability of these losses is the reconstruction of the correspondence of the occupancy of the first grades of Ukrainian schools in 1932-1939 with the number of births in 1924-1931. Thus, in the Orativ, Tarashchansky, and Pereyaslavsky districts of the then Kyiv Region, after 1933, half or even less of 8-year-old children were admitted to school. The same picture was observed in all areas of the current Poltava Region. As in all primary schools in the Petrykivka district of the Dnipropetrovsk Region, where almost half of last year’s students of 1st-3rd grades, who continued their education from September 1, 1933, were not admitted – 1,883.This comprehensive approach to the study has made it possible to establish the loss of children, which was not less than 4 million, and the total losses in the UkrSSR, using the historical and legal method, – more than 9 million people. More than 1 million losses of Ukrainians outside the UkrSSR should be added to these victims, which is a total of more than 10 million.
Влияние концентрации капель воды в аэрозольном облаке на скорости их испарения
Authors: Волков Р.С. , Керимбекова С.А. , Стрижак П.А.
Published: September 2021

The results of experimental studies of the integral characteristics of the water droplets evaporation in aerosol cloud are presented. Variable parameters: initial radius of droplets 0.1–0.25 mm, temperature of combustion products 573–873 K, concentration of water droplets 0.03–0.1 l /m3. The ranges of variation of the water mass evaporation rate are determined depending on the concentration of droplets in the aerosol cloud and their initial sizes. Approximation expressions for the established dependencies are obtained. For the first time, an approach was proposed to determine the evaporation rate of aerosol droplets taking into account the known/calculated values of the evaporation rate of a single drop.
Генерация шума в одночастотном генераторе на лавинно-пролетном диоде миллиметрового диапазона длин волн под воздействием низкочастотного гармонического колебания
Authors: Мясин Е.А.
Published: September 2021

The investigation of effect of the low-frequency harmonic oscillation on the nourishment circuit of the 7mm wave region IMPATT diode oscillator was continued. In first time it was shown, that excitement of noise and the maximum height-frequency noise spectrum extension at a low-frequency oscillation amplitude increasing are connected with a transitory decreasing of the diode current lower the start current of height-frequency generation in the IMPATT diode oscillator.
Замена туннельных переходов в InP на каналы проводимости с кристаллитами GaP
Authors: Маричев А.Е. , Эполетов В.С. , Власов А.С. , Пушный Б.В. , Лихачев А.И. , Нащекин А.В.
Published: September 2021

The results of investigations by the method of Electron beam-induced current of p-n junctions based on InP with GaP crystallites in the space charge region are presented. It is shown that the introduction of crystallites into the space charge region leads to short-circuiting of the p-n junction.
The quality of the material grown on top of the crystallites allows to create of photoactive regions, as evidenced by measurements of the photoluminescence spectra.
Virtual Reality Technology Use in Cigarette Craving and Smoking Interventions (I “Virtually” Quit): Systematic Review
Authors: Keijsers Merel , Vega-Corredor Maria Cecilia , Tomintz Melanie , Hoermann Simon
Published: September 2021

Background

Over the last 2 decades, virtual reality technologies (VRTs) have been proposed as a way to enhance and improve smoking cessation therapy.

Objective

This systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize the current knowledge on the application of VRT in various smoking cessation therapies, as well as to explore potential directions for future research and intervention development.

Methods

A literature review of smoking interventions using VRT was conducted.

Results

Not all intervention studies included an alternative therapy or a placebo condition against which the effectiveness of the intervention could be benchmarked, or a follow-up measure to ensure that the effects were lasting. Virtual reality (VR) cue exposure therapy was the most extensively studied intervention, but its effect on long-term smoking behavior was inconsistent. Behavioral therapies such as a VR approach-avoidance task or gamified interventions were less common but reported positive results. Notably, only 1 study combined Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices with VRT.

Conclusions

The inclusion of a behavioral component, as is done in the VR approach-avoidance task and gamified interventions, may be an interesting avenue for future research on smoking interventions. As Electronic Nicotine Delivery Devices are still the subject of much controversy, their potential to support smoking cessation remains unclear. For future research, behavioral or multicomponent interventions are promising avenues of exploration. Future studies should improve their validity by comparing their intervention group with at least 1 alternative or placebo control group, as well as incorporating follow-up measures.
Peer Review of “Use of Smartphone Apps for Improving Physical Function Capacity in Cardiac Patient Rehabilitation: Systematic Review” (Preprint)
Authors: Goessler Karla
Published: September 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

This is a peer review report.
Comparative analysis of stress-strain state of mathematical models for an individual endoprosthesis and allocomposite endoprosthesis in case of replacement of long bone defects
Authors: Vyrva O.E. , Golovina Ya.О. , Malik R.V. , Karpinsky M.Yu. , Yaresko О.V.
Published: September 2021

Background. Replacement of post-resection defects of long bones in case of a tumor process is always an urgent problem of orthopedics. Among the wide variety of materials and methods for reconstruction of post-resection defects of long bones, the most common are individual, modular arthroplasty and bioreconstructive interventions. To study the mechanical properties of the structures we have chosen, various types of post-resection femoral bone defect replacement were simulated using the finite element method. The purpose was to compare the data on stress-strain states in mathematical models “allocomposite endoprosthesis” and “individual endoprosthesis” of the proximal femur. Material and methods. Mathematical models of the femur with the formation of a post-resection proximal defect replaced by a segmental bone allograft in combination with an individual endoprosthesis have been created. The model is presented in two versions, with the formation of transverse and step-cut osteotomy. Each model was examined separately with cement and cementless attachment in the area of the endoprosthesis stem. For comparison, we chose a model with complete replacement of the proximal end of the femur with an individual endoprosthesis without bone grafting. Results. Femur step-cut osteotomy can significantly reduce the level of stress in the osteotomy area. This is due to the fact that performing the step-cut osteotomy allows the bone fragments to provide resistance to shearing movement. The use of bone cement can significantly reduce the level of stress around the stem of the endoprosthesis in both variants of femoral osteotomy (transverse and step-cut). This is due to the fact that bone cement, which has an elastic modulus at an intermediate value between titanium and bone tissue, forms a layer between them, performs a damper function, that smoothes the difference in deformation values of the metal and bone tissue, thereby reducing the level of stress in them. Arthroplasty without performing bone grafting leads to increased stresses in the bone tissue due to the presence of a rigid support on the cortical bone endoprosthesis in the diaphysis along the line of its resection. Conclusions. Performing step-cut osteotomy of the femur reduces the level of mechanical stresses in the osteotomy area by half compared to models with transverse osteotomy, which is of particular importance in the early postoperative stages. The use of bone cement for fixing the stem of the endoprosthesis can also significantly reduce the level of stress in all variants of the studied models, due to the formation of a damping layer between the metal and the bone tissue. The level of stress in models without bone grafting does not depend on the use of bone cement, but is determined by the presence of a rigid support of the endoprosthesis on the cortical bone along the line of its resection.