bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting psychosocial risk in pediatric kidney transplantation: An exploratory cluster analysis of a revised Pediatric Transplant Rating Instrument
Authors: West Kara B. , Plevinsky Jill M. , Amaral Sandra , Laskin Benjamin , Lefkowitz Debra S.
Published: December 2022

Background

The Pediatric Transplant Rating Instrument (P‐TRI) is a 17‐item scale developed to assess psychosocial risk factors for poor outcomes after solid organ transplantation. Research has identified the limitations of the original instrument and proposed revisions to improve clinical utility. This project examined patterns of risk in children being evaluated for kidney transplant using a revised P‐TRI.

Methods

A multidisciplinary kidney transplant team revised the P‐TRI. A social worker and a psychologist collaboratively completed the modified instrument for 37 children after the psychosocial pretransplant evaluation. Electronic medical records were reviewed for transplant status (transplanted, active waitlist, inactive) 1 year later. Exploratory cluster analyses and chi‐square tests examined patterns of risk and correlates with cluster membership.

Results

Three clusters were identified. The high‐risk group (29.7%) had difficulties with medication and appointment adherence, strained relationships with the medical team, and the presence of parent psychiatric history. The medium‐risk group (35.1%) had difficulties with parent knowledge, financial strain, and risk factors for medication nonadherence. The low‐risk group (35.1%) demonstrated no difficulties with adherence or financial strain. Clusters were prospectively associated with transplant status, such that those in the high‐risk group were less likely to be transplanted within 1 year post‐evaluation.

Conclusions

The revised P‐TRI demonstrated good construct validity as risk level appeared to be associated with transplant listing status 1 year post‐evaluation. These results suggest that standardized pretransplant psychosocial risk assessment tools may have value in optimizing transplant access if they can be paired with targeted, multidisciplinary interventions to address concerns early in the transplant process.
“It gives me a wake up call”—It is time to implement athlete health monitoring within the Para sport context
Authors: Fagher Kristina , Badenhorst Marelise , Kunorozva Lovemore , Derman Wayne , Lexell Jan
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore elite Para athletes' and coaches' perceptions of experiences of athlete health monitoring.

Materials and Methods

This study used a qualitative design, applying a phenomenographical approach. Thirteen athletes and six coaches from two different socioeconomic contexts (the Swedish and South African Paralympic programs) participated. Data were collected through individual interviews focusing on athletes' and coaches' perceptions of experiences of athlete health monitoring within Para sport.

Results

Three main themes were revealed: (i) the benefits of athlete health monitoring, (ii) the importance of implementation and adaptation of athlete health monitoring in the real‐world sports context, and (iii) barriers of athlete health monitoring. The perceptions were that regular monitoring can detect injuries early and thereby prevent them from progressing. Several participants highlighted the importance of monitoring factors beyond injury and illness, such as Para sport‐specific health issues. Athletes' experiences were that they started to reflect on their own health, which was interpreted as improvement in health literacy. Another perception was that athlete health monitoring only is conducted within the research context and that athletes are not followed up. The perception was that it is the sports federations' responsibility to monitor and provide support when needed. Lastly, data revealed differences in the possibilities of conducting monitoring, which was related to both socioeconomic factors and Para sport.

Conclusion

Coaches and athletes see health monitoring as valuable and important in enhancing athlete health. However, to maximize the impact, the monitoring structure should be specific to the context and provide multidisciplinary support when needed.
Interaction of Surface Preparation and Cure Parameters on the Interface Reliability of Flexible Encapsulation in Flexible Hybrid Electronics Applications
Authors: Lall Pradeep , Choudhury Padmanava , Miller Scott
Published: December 2022

Flexible devices, which are seen as the future of the electronics industry, require encapsulation for protection while meeting the flexibility requirements of end applications. Flexible electronics have lower production costs and are thinner, lighter, and nonbreakable, resulting in a new form of application for electronic devices. One such use is the employment of electronic gadgets in the daily surroundings to monitor one's vitals. These devices are frequently exposed to dust, perspiration, and moisture. They are frequently subjected to bending and folding action, which causes stresses to accumulate in those devices. These stressors and the hostile environment are frequently minimized by using potting encapsulants to increase durability. In our investigation, we picked six distinct encapsulant formulations and exposed them to varied cure profiles to measure the adhesive bond strength of the encapsulants. The benchmark peel strength was constructed using a Finite element model of the AU-biometric band. The encapsulants peel strength was used to determine which material performed best under experimental conditions. This study presents a sample geometry comprising six different encapsulants and two distinct substrates, polyimide and PET, which were evaluated at four different cure schedules and cleaned using two different cleaning procedures. The encapsulants are ranked against one another to determine their potential future usage in flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) devices.
Endosomal lipid signaling reshapes the endoplasmic reticulum to control mitochondrial function
Authors: Jang Wonyul , Puchkov Dmytro , Samsó Paula , Liang YongTian , Nadler-Holly Michal , Sigrist Stephan J. , Kintscher Ulrich , Liu Fan , Mamchaoui Kamel , Mouly Vincent , Haucke Volker
Published: December 2022

Cells respond to fluctuating nutrient supply by adaptive changes in organelle dynamics and in metabolism. How such changes are orchestrated on a cell-wide scale is unknown. We show that endosomal signaling lipid turnover by MTM1, a phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] 3-phosphatase mutated in X-linked centronuclear myopathy in humans, controls mitochondrial morphology and function by reshaping the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Starvation-induced endosomal recruitment of MTM1 impairs PI(3)P-dependent contact formation between tubular ER membranes and early endosomes, resulting in the conversion of ER tubules into sheets, the inhibition of mitochondrial fission, and sustained oxidative metabolism. Our results unravel an important role for early endosomal lipid signaling in controlling ER shape and, thereby, mitochondrial form and function to enable cells to adapt to fluctuating nutrient environments.
Truly combining the advantages of polymeric and zeolite membranes for gas separations
Authors: Tan Xiaoyu , Robijns Sven , Thür Raymond , Ke Quanli , De Witte Niels , Lamaire Aran , Li Yun , Aslam Imran , Van Havere Daan , Donckels Thibaut , Van Assche Tom , Van Speybroeck Veronique , Dusselier Michiel , Vankelecom Ivo
Published: December 2022

Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) have been investigated to render energy-intensive separations more efficiently by combining the selectivity and permeability performance, robustness, and nonaging properties of the filler with the easy processing, handling, and scaling up of the polymer. However, truly combining all in one single material has proven very challenging. In this work, we filled a commercial polyimide with ultrahigh loadings of a high–aspect ratio, CO
2
-philic Na-SSZ-39 zeolite with a three-dimensional channel system that precisely separates gas molecules. By carefully designing both zeolite and MMM synthesis, we created a gas-percolation highway across a flexible and aging-resistant (more than 1 year) membrane. The combination of a CO
2
-CH
4
mixed-gas selectivity of ~423 and a CO
2
permeability of ~8300 Barrer outperformed all existing polymer-based membranes and even most zeolite-only membranes.
Explosion marks laser fusion breakthrough
Authors: Clery Daniel
Published: December 2022

National Ignition Facility achieves net energy “gain,” but commercial plants remain a distant dream
Pandemic vaccine equity plan may soon start winding down
Authors: Vogel Gretchen
Published: December 2022

COVAX distributed 1.84 billion vaccine doses, but many came too late. Can the world do better next time?
The C-Terminal 300 Amino Acid Residues of the G Protein and Putative Open Reading Frame X of the G Gene of Tailam Paramyxovirus (TlmPV) Are Not Required for Replication in Tissue Culture Cells
Authors: Kang Haixian , Zhou Lu , Xu Shuya , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Wah Tsoi Hoi , Li Qin , Li Geng , He Biao
Published: December 2022

TlmPV is a member of the recently established genus
Jeilongvirus
. TlmPV encodes a large G protein and its G gene contains ORF-X. In this work, infectious TlmPV was recovered using reverse genetics. Using this system, we have demonstrated that 300 aa of C-terminal of G and the ORF-X are not required for viral replication in tissue culture cells.
Quality and reporting of patient-reported outcomes in elderly patients with hip fracture: a systematic review
Authors: van der Vet Puck , Wilson Sandra , Houwert R Marijn , Verleisdonk Egbert-Jan , Heng Marilyn
Published: December 2022

Objective

To assess how patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are reported and to assess the quality of reporting PROs for elderly patients with a hip fracture in both randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

Medline, Embase and CENTRAL were searched on 1 March 2013 to 25 May 2021.

Eligibility criteria

RCTs and observational studies on geriatric (≥65 years of age) patients, with one or more PRO as outcome were included.

Data extraction and synthesis

Primary outcome was type of PRO; secondary outcome and quality assessment was measured by adherence to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) extension for patient-reported outcomes (CONSORT-PRO). Because of heterogeneity in study population and outcomes, data pooling was not possible.

Results

3659 studies were found in the initial search. Of those, 67 were included in the final analysis. 83.6% of studies did not adequately mention missing data, 52.3% did not correctly report how PROs were collected and 61.2% did not report adequate effect size. PRO limitations were adequately reported in 20.9% of studies and interpretation of PROs was adequately reported in 19.4% of studies. Most Quality of Life (QoL) outcomes were measured by the EuroQol 5-Dimension 3-Levels, and pain as well as patient satisfaction by Visual Analogue Scale.

Conclusion

This study found that a high variety of PRO measures are used to evaluate geriatric hip fracture care. In addition, 47.8% of studies examining PROs in elderly patients with hip fracture do not satisfy at least 50% of the CONSORT-PRO criteria. This enables poorly conducted research to be published and used in evidence-based medicine and, consequently, shared decision-making. More efforts should be undertaken to improve adequate reporting. We believe extending the CONSORT-PRO extension to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for observational studies would be a valuable addition to current guidelines.
Increasing the availability of long-acting reversible contraception and medical abortion in primary care: the Australian Contraception and Abortion Primary Care Practitioner Support Network (AusCAPPS) cohort study protocol
Authors: Mazza Danielle , James Sharon , Black Kirsten , Taft Angela , Bateson Deborah , McGeechan Kevin , Norman Wendy V
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Although primary care practitioners are the main providers of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) and early medical abortion (EMA) in Australia, few provide these services. A professional community of practice (CoP) has the potential to improve LARC and EMA provision through evidence-based guidance, expert support and peer-to-peer engagement.

The primary objective is to establish, implement and evaluate an innovative, multidisciplinary online CoP (AusCAPPS Network) to increase LARC and EMA services in Australian primary care. Secondary objectives are to (1) increase the number of general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists certified to provide or dispense EMA, respectively, (2) increase LARC and EMA prescription rates and, (3) improve primary care practitioners’ knowledge, attitudes and provision of LARC and EMA.

Methods and analysis

A stakeholder knowledge exchange workshop (KEW) will be conducted to inform the AusCAPPS Network design. Once live, we aim to reach 3000 GPs, practice nurses and community pharmacists members. Changes in the number of GPs and pharmacists certified to provide or dispense EMA, respectively, and changes in the number of LARCs and EMAs prescribed will be gleaned through health service data. Changes in the knowledge attitudes and practices will be gleaned through an online survey with 500 individuals from each professional group at baseline and 12 months after members have joined AusCAPPs; and experiences of the AusCAPPS Network will be evaluated using interviews with the project team plus a convenience sample of 20 intervention participants from each professional group. The project is underpinned by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance framework, and a realist framework will inform analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was received from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (No. 28002). Dissemination will occur through KEWs, presentations, publications and domestic and international networks.

Trial registration number

ACTRN12622000655741.
Smoking cessation interventions for Hispanic/Latino(a) adults in the USA: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis
Authors: Medina-Ramirez Patricia , Casas Laura , Haver Mary Katherine , Calixte-Civil Patricia , Kim Youngchul , Woodward Honor , Martinez Ursula , Brandon Thomas H , Simmons Vani N
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Hispanic smokers face multiple cultural and socioeconomic barriers to cessation that lead to prominent health disparities, including a lack of language-appropriate, culturally relevant, evidence-based smoking cessation interventions. This systematic review will examine the literature on smoking cessation interventions for Hispanic adults in the USA to assess (1) the availability of interventions, (2) the methodological quality of the studies evaluating the interventions and (3) the efficacy of the interventions.

Methods and analysis

A systematic literature search will be conducted, in English with no date limits, through the following databases starting at year of inception: Medical Allied Health Literature, Embase, American Psychology Association Psychology Articles, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete, ScienceDirect, Health & Medicine Collection and Web of Science Core Collection. Trial registries and grey literature sources will be searched to identify ongoing or unpublished studies. Literature search will be rerun prior to eventual submission of the review to ensure the inclusion of relevant studies. Quantitative studies evaluating the efficacy of a smoking cessation intervention (ie, smoking cessation as a measured outcome) for Hispanic adult smokers in the USA will be included in the systematic review. Two authors will independently identify relevant studies, extract data and conduct quality and risk of bias assessments. Discrepancies in coding will be discussed between the two reviewers and pending disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. First, the quality of all studies will be assessed, then randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will be further evaluated for risk of bias using Cochrane’s Risk of Bias Tool. All eligible studies will be summarised descriptively. If data allow, the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions tested in RCTs, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, will be quantitatively estimated using ORs and 95% CIs. The association between intervention type/modality and efficacy will be assessed via subgroup analyses.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022291068.
Artificial intelligence-driven ASPECTS for the detection of early stroke changes in non-contrast CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adamou Antonis , Beltsios Eleftherios T , Bania Angelina , Gkana Androniki , Kastrup Andreas , Chatziioannou Achilles , Politi Maria , Papanagiotou Panagiotis
Published: December 2022

Background

Recent advances in machine learning have enabled development of the automated Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) prediction algorithms using non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NCCT) scans. The applicability of automated ASPECTS in daily clinical practice is yet to be established. The objective of this meta-analysis was to directly compare the performance of automated and manual ASPECTS predictions in recognizing early stroke changes on NCCT.

Methods

The MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were searched. The last database search was performed on March 10, 2022. Studies reporting the diagnostic performance and validity of automated ASPECTS software compared with expert readers were included. The outcomes were the interobserver reliability of outputs between ASPECTS versus expert readings, experts versus reference standard, and ASPECTS versus reference standard by means of pooled Fisher’s Z transformation of the interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs).

Results

Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 1976 patients. The meta-analyses showed good interobserver reliability between experts (ICC 0.72 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.79); p<0.001), moderate reliability in the correlation between automated and expert readings (ICC 0.54 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.67); p<0.001), good reliability between the total expert readings and the reference standard (ICC 0.62 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.71); p<0.001), and good reliability between the automated predictions and the reference standard (ICC 0.72 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.80); p<0.001).

Conclusions

Artificial intelligence-driven ASPECTS software has comparable or better performance than physicians in terms of recognizing early stroke changes on NCCT.
Rationalizing mottling and gleying in the characterization and classification of Canadian soils
Authors: Heck Richard J. , Saurette Daniel D. , Warren C. James (Jim)
Published: December 2022

Mottling and gleying remain important characteristics for the classification of soils in Canada. The development of criteria for the morphological description of these redoximorphic soil features, for soil horizon nomenclature, for the taxonomy of gleysolic and gleyed soils, as well as for soil drainage classification, began in the mid-1940s and continued for the next four decades. Despite advancements elsewhere, notably with Soil Taxonomy and the World Reference Base, there have been minimal refinements made in Canada, during the past quarter century. Various issues are identified, including the need for more succinct and clearer definitions, a revision of standards for the field characterization of redoximorphic features, as well as more consistency in the application of concepts across existing taxa and systems. A taxonomic framework to more effectively reflect redoximorphic features, such as a new “Redoximorphic Phase” is also discussed. Ultimately, it is recommended that a special committee to be established to conduct a thorough study and present recommendations.
The CDF W-mass, muon $$g-2$$, and dark matter in a $$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$ model with vector-like leptons
Authors: Zhou Quan , Han Xiao-Fang , Wang Lei
Published: December 2022

We study the CDF W-mass, muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

, and dark matter observables in a local $$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$

U

(
1
)

L
μ

-

L
τ

model in which the new particles include three vector-like leptons ($$E_1,~ E_2,~ N$$

E
1

,

E
2

,

N

), a new gauge boson $$Z'$$

Z
′

, a scalar S (breaking $$U(1)_{L_\mu -L_\tau }$$

U

(
1
)

L
μ

-

L
τ

), a scalar dark matter $$X_I$$

X
I

and its partner $$X_R$$

X
R

. We find that the CDF W-mass disfavors $$m_{E_1}= m_{E_2}={m_N}$$

m

E
1

=

m

E
2

=

m
N

or $$s_L=s_R=0$$

s
L

=

s
R

=
0

where $$s_{L(R)}$$

s

L
(
R
)

is mixing parameter of left (right)-handed fields of vector-like leptons. A large mass splitting between $$E_1$$

E
1

and $$E_2$$

E
2

is favored when the differences between $$s_L$$

s
L

and $$s_R$$

s
R

becomes small. The muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly can be simultaneously explained for appropriate difference between $$m_{E_1}$$

m

E
1

$$(s_L)$$

(

s
L

)

and $$m_{E_2}$$

m

E
2

$$(s_R)$$

(

s
R

)

, and some regions are excluded by the diphoton signal data of the 125 GeV Higgs. Combined with the CDF W-mass, muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly and other relevant constraints, the correct dark matter relic density is mainly obtained in two different scenarios: (i) $$X_IX_I\rightarrow Z'Z',~ SS$$

X
I

X
I

→

Z
′

Z
′

,

S
S

for $$m_{Z'}(m_S)<m_{X_I}$$

m

Z
′

(

m
S

)

<

m

X
I

and (ii) the co-annihilation processes for $$min(m_{E_1},m_{E_2},m_N,m_{X_R})$$

m
i
n
(

m

E
1

,

m

E
2

,

m
N

,

m

X
R

)

close to $$m_{X_I}$$

m

X
I

. Finally, we use the direct searches for $$2\ell +E_T^{miss}$$

2
ℓ
+

E
T

miss

event at the LHC to constrain the model, and show the allowed mass ranges of the vector-like leptons and dark matter.
A second-order elastic flow for path planning in ℝ2
Authors: Lin Chun-Chi , Lue Yang-Kai , Tran Dung The
Published: December 2022

We provide an approach of elastic flow with dynamic conditions at the knot points to resolve the path planning problem in the plane. The elastic flow is set up by a second-order semilinear parabolic system with nonlocal lower-order terms. We prove the existence of classical global solutions to the elastic flow, whose asymptotic limits provide classical solutions to the path planning problem.
Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction Using ML-Based Neuro-Fuzzy Model
Authors: Praveen S Phani , Jyothi Veerapaneni Esther , Anuradha Chokka , VenuGopal K , Shariff Vahiduddin , Sindhura S
Published: December 2022

Nowadays, in most countries, the most dangerous and life threatening infection is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). A progressive malfunctioning of the kidneys and less effectiveness of the kidney are considered CKD. CKD can be a life threatening disease if it continues for longer period of time. Prediction of chronic disease in early stage is very crucial so that sustainable care of the patient is taken to prevent menacing situations. Most of the developing countries are being affected by this deadly disease and treatment applied for this disease is also very expensive, here in this paper, a Machine Learning (ML)-positioned approach called Neuro-Fuzzy model is used for prediction belonging to CKD. Based on the image processing technique, fibrosis proportions are detected in the kidney tissues. It also builds a system for identifying and detection of CKD at an early stage. Neuro-Fuzzy model is based on ML which can detect risk of CKD patients. Compared with other conventional methods such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), the proposed method of this paper — ML-based Neuro-Fuzzy logic method — obtained 97% accuracy in CKD prediction. This method can be evaluated based on various parameters such as Precision, Accuracy, Recall and F1-Score in CKD prediction. From the results, the patients having high risk of chronic disease can be predicted.
Bayesian Selective Median Filtering for Reduction of Impulse Noise in Digital Color Images
Authors: Chukka Demudu Naidu , Meka James Stephen , Setty S. Pallam , Choppala Praveen Babu
Published: December 2022

The focus of this paper is impulse noise reduction in digital color images. The most popular noise reduction schemes are the vector median filter and its many variants that operate by minimizing the aggregate distance from one pixel to every other pixel in a chosen window. This minimizing operation determines the most confirmative pixel based on its similarity to the chosen window and replaces the central pixel of the window with the determined one. The peer group filters, unlike the vector median filters, determine a set of pixels that are most confirmative to the window and then perform filtering over the determined set. Using a set of pixels in the filtering process rather than one pixel is more helpful as it takes into account the full information of all the pixels that seemingly contribute to the signal. Hence, the peer group filters are found to be more robust to noise. However, the peer group for each pixel is computed deterministically using thresholding schemes. A wrong choice of the threshold will easily impair the filtering performance. In this paper, we propose a peer group filtering approach using principles of Bayesian probability theory and clustering. Here, we present a method to compute the probability that a pixel value is clean (not corrupted by impulse noise) and then apply clustering on the probability measure to determine the peer group. The key benefit of this proposal is that the need for thresholding in peer group filtering is completely avoided. Simulation results show that the proposed method performs better than the conventional vector median and peer group filtering methods in terms of noise reduction and structural similarity, thus validating the proposed approach.
Leukocyte and Platelet-Rich Plasma (L-PRP) in Tendon Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of in vivo/in vitro Studies
Authors: Liu Xueli , Li Yulin , Shen Li , Yan Maorun
Published: December 2022

Purpose. To perform a systematic review on the application of leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) in tendon models by reviewing in vivo/in vitro studies. Methods. The searches were performed via electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to September 2022 using the following keywords: ((tenocytes OR tendon OR tendinitis OR tendinosis OR tendinopathy OR tendon injury) AND (platelet-rich plasma OR PRP OR autologous conditioned plasma OR leukocyte- and platelet-rich plasma OR L-PRP OR leukocyte-richplatelet-rich plasma Lr-PRP)). Only in vitro and in vivo studies that assessed the potential effects of L-PRP on tendons and/or tenocytes are included in this study. Description of PRP, study design and methods, outcomes measured, and results are extracted from the data. Results. A total of 17 studies (8 in vitro studies and 9 in vivo studies) are included. Thirteen studies (76%) reported leukocyte concentrations of L-PRP. Four studies (24%) reported the commercial kits. In in vitro studies, L-PRP demonstrated increased cell proliferation, cell migration, collagen synthesis, accelerated inflammation, and catabolic response in the short term. In addition, most in vivo studies indicated increased collagen type I content. According to in vivo studies reporting data, L-PRP reduced inflammation response in 71.0% of studies, while it enhanced the histological quality of tendons in 67.0% of studies. All 3 studies reporting data found increased biomechanical properties with L-PRP treatment. Conclusions. Most evidence indicates that L-PRP has some potential effects on tendon healing compared to control. However, it appears that L-PRP works depending on the biological status of the damaged tendon. At an early stage, L-PRP may accelerate tendon healing, but at a later stage, it could be detrimental.
Racial/Ethnic and Sex Differences in Somatic Cancer Gene Mutations among Patients with Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Holowatyj Andreana N. , Wen Wanqing , Gibbs Timothy , Seagle Hannah M. , Keller Samantha R. , Edwards Digna R. Velez , Washington Mary K. , Eng Cathy , Perea Jose , Zheng Wei , Guo Xingyi
Published: December 2022

Molecular features underlying colorectal cancer disparities remain uncharacterized. Here, we investigated somatic mutation patterns by race/ethnicity and sex among 5,856 non-Hispanic white (NHW), 535 non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and 512 Asian/Pacific Islander (API) patients with colorectal cancer (2,016 early-onset colorectal cancer patients: sequencing age <50 years). NHB patients with early-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancer, but not API patients, had higher adjusted tumor mutation rates than NHW patients. There were significant differences for LRP1B, FLT4, FBXW7, RNF43, ATRX, APC, and PIK3CA mutation frequencies in early-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancers between racial/ethnic groups. Heterogeneities by race/ethnicity were observed for the effect of APC, FLT4, and FAT1 between early-onset and late-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancer. By sex, heterogeneity was observed for the effect of EP300, BRAF, WRN, KRAS, AXIN2, and SMAD2. Males and females with nonhypermutated colorectal cancer had different trends in EP300 mutations by age group. These findings define genomic patterns of early-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancer by race/ethnicity and sex, which yields novel biological clues into early-onset colorectal cancer disparities.

Significance:

NHBs, but not APIs, with early-onset nonhypermutated colorectal cancer had higher adjusted tumor mutation rates versus NHWs. Differences for FLT4, FBXW7, RNF43, LRP1B, APC, PIK3CA, and ATRX mutation rates between racial/ethnic groups and EP300, KRAS, AXIN2, WRN, BRAF, and LRP1B mutation rates by sex were observed in tumors of young patients.

See related commentary by Shen et al., p. 530 .

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 517
POSTHARVEST QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans)
Authors: Dharmaputra Okky S. , Ambarwati Santi , Retnowati Ina , Nurfadila Nijma
Published: December 2022

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) or fragrant nutmeg is an important commodity that has been used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, hence its quality should be monitored. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify Critical Control Points (CCP) in nutmeg’s postharvest handling process and prepare nutmeg HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) System and 2) provide a recommendation on GHP (Good Handling Practices) of nutmeg in order to maintain its quality in relation to food safety issue which is very important for international trade. Ripe fruits of nutmeg were collected after the fruits had reached maturity and fallen from their trees. A paranet was placed under each nutmeg tree to prevent the ripe nutmeg fruits from falling on the ground. The subsequent processes were taking out the nutmeg seeds from the fruits and separating the nutmeg seeds from the pulps and maces. After that, the nutmeg seeds underwent the drying process by using the smoke- and oven-dried methods until the moisture content of the nutmeg seeds was reduced by 10%. Subsequently, the nutmeg seeds were divided into two parts, prior to the storing process. The first part was fumigated by using phosphine (2 g/m3) for eight days and the second part was not fumigated. The sampling of nutmeg seeds was conducted at the beginning of storage and after four months of storage. The parameters observed were moisture content, percentage of damaged kernels, the population of each fungal species, and aflatoxin content. The results showed that moisture content, fungal population, aflatoxin B1, and total aflatoxin contents of nutmeg kernels having been dried by using the smoke- and oven-dried methods with and without fumigation still complied with the requirements related to food safety, although the nutmegs were stored for four months. The results of this research could also determine the Critical Control Point (CCP) in the postharvest handling process of nutmegs, i.e., 1) choosing only ripe nutmeg fruits to be harvested; 2) harvesting method by preventing the ripe nutmeg fruits from falling on the ground; 3) drying process of nutmeg seeds should be conducted immediately after separating the nutmegs from the maces by using the smoke- or oven-dried methods; and 4) nutmeg seeds were stored with the shells.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITIES OF CORN WITH DIFFERENT MOISTURE LEVELS SUPPLEMENTED WITH MOLD INHIBITOR
Authors: NALLE CATOOTJIE LUSJE , SUPIT MAX A. J. , AKBAR ANGGA M. , LANGODAI EMILIANA , SO’O ANGRIANA
Published: December 2022

Corn grain is used as the main energy source in poultry diet formulation. The quality of corn is easy to deteriorate during storage because of insect, fungal, and mycotoxin contamination. Efforts should be made to maintain the quality of corn during storage. The present study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of different moisture levels of corn supplemented by a mold inhibitor. A total of 750 kg of corn grain was used in the present study. A commercial mold inhibitor was used with a dose of 0.075%. The experimental design used was a 3 x 2 factorial complete randomized design. The first main factor was the different moisture levels (ML) of corn (≤10%, 10.0-10.9%; 11.0-11.9%), while the second main factor was mold inhibitor (MI, - or +). Thus, there were six treatment combinations, and each treatment comprised five replications. The results showed that ML, MI, and ML x MI interaction significantly (P<0.05 to 0.001) affected the percentage of grain damage and fungal grain but not (P>0.05) the moisture level of corn during 90 days of storage. Except for crude protein content, the ML did not affect (P>0.05) the proximate composition (PC) and gross energy (GE) content of corn. Except for dry matter (DM), the PC and GE content of corn were not affected (P>0.05) by MI. ML x MI interaction did not affect (P>0.05) the PC and GE content. The aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) content was similar (P>0.05) among all treatments. Except for histidine and lysine contents, the amino acid contents of corn were not affected by ML, MI, or ML x MI combination. In conclusion, the supplementation of MI in corn with different ML improved the physical quality, DM, ash, and GE content of corn grain during the storage; MI maintained the DM content but did not reduce the AFB1 content of corn. Except for histidine and lysine, the supplementation of MI in corn with different ML did not affect the amino acid content of corn.
discursos de “decadência das Minas” e da “cobiça dos eclesiásticos” e a fiscalidade religiosa (1711-1789)
Authors: Silva Caroline Cristina de Souza
Published: December 2022

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar a questão das conhecenças (desobriga da quaresma)como um ponto de partida para se entender o contexto dos acontecimentos sociais da capitania mineira apartir da ótica dos assuntos pertencentes à Igreja, sua administração e poderes diante da população dessaregião. Em vista disso, os temas referentes ao debate em torno da legalidade ou não das conhecenças, etambém em torno da exorbitância na sua cobrança, podem nos levar a uma análise de cunho jurisdicionalrelacionado à política de padroado e às relações entre a Igreja mineira e a Coroa portuguesa, podendo,assim, nos prover de meios para compreender os acontecimentos que circundaram a InconfidênciaMineira a partir de uma outra ótica social: a das relações entre os civis e a Igreja mineira. Esses debates eembates traçados por esses agentes sociais podem fornecer aparato para se discutir, por exemplo, aquestão da aplicabilidade dos discursos de “decadência das Minas” e da “cobiça dos eclesiásticos” pelosPovos das Minas em comparação com questões econômicas e sociais das diferentes regiões da capitania.Pretende-se, a partir dos argumentos elaborados pelos Povos de Minas, por meio de representações epetições mediadas pelas câmaras e pelo procurador dos povos, compreender algumas questões voltadas aocorpo eclesiástico do bispado de Mariana e suas relações com a comunidade mineira.
Psihološka dimenzija tjelesnog invaliditeta
Authors: Ljubičić Marija , Šipić Anđela , Šare Sonja , Gusar Ivana
Published: December 2022

Pojava tjelesnog invaliditeta kod osobe uzrokuje snažan emocionalni odgovor. Taj složeni obrazac individualnih reakcija determiniran je različitim čimbenicima i emocionalnim potrebama. Promjene u psihičkom i emocionalnom životu osobe, percepcija o vlastitom invaliditetu, ograničenja koja proizlaze iz tjelesnog invaliditeta i negativni stavovi okoline samo su neki od čimbenika psihološke dimenzije invaliditeta. U suočavanju s novonastalim tjelesnim invaliditetom osoba se koristi strategijama suočavanja u cilju ponovnog uspostavljanja narušene ravnoteže. Ukoliko izostane podrška okoline, utoliko će proces suočavanja i/ili prilagodbe biti otežan ili onemogućen. Strategija suočavanja s novonastalim tjelesnim invaliditetom neće se adekvatno odvijati i razviti, što se može negativno odraziti na fizičko, psihičko, socijalno i duhovno funkcioniranje osobe. Psihološka dimenzija tjelesnog invaliditeta može biti presudna u procesu suočavanja s nastalim tjelesnim invaliditetom, postizanju samostalnosti, razvijanju otpornosti prema vanjskim pritiscima i samoostvarenju osobe. Medicinske sestre aktivno sudjeluju u procesu suočavanja i prilagođavanja osobe s tjelesnim invaliditetom na novonastalo stanje.
Latour and Schmitt: Political Theology and Science
Authors: Turner Stephen
Published: December 2022

In this article the nature of Bruno Latour’s relation to Carl Schmitt is discussed, considering the point by point revisions of Schmitt offered by Latour and his references to Schmitt. These turn out to be plentiful and illuminating. Yet the nature of Latour’s revision and its implications are obscure. The implications of his notion of cosmopolitics for political theory are minimal, and in other respects the Schmittian picture is unchanged. Unlike Schmitt, who embeds political theory in political theology, and presents a political theology in order to problematize political theory, but provides a meta-theology, Latour presents an alternative political theology, and not a meta-theology.
How Do Technological Systems Define Who War Victims Are?
Authors: Albornoz María Belén , Becerra Javier Andrés Jiménez
Published: December 2022

In a range of peace process scenarios, the expert’s knowledge has become a fundamental tool for generating information systems as a mechanism for the storage and circulation of data. These information artifacts are supposed to faithfully document situations of human rights violations and contribute to the design of public policy and the construction of collective memory. Following Latour’s (1993) original coinage of the term coproduction, this paper analyzes how the Inter-Institutional System of Information for Justice and Peace (SIIJYP)1 was designed to define victims of war and means of reparation from the State in Colombia. From an actor network theory perspective, we explain how victimizers become the main beneficiaries of the application of the SIIJYP. To comprehend this unintended social impact of the technological artifact and how it becomes an artifact that functions as an aseptic mediator of the historical-judicial truth, and the policy of transitional justice, we examine the relations between human and nonhuman actors, how information is collected, organized, hierarchized, and negotiated, as well as the consequences of the technical and legal construction of the notion of victims of war.
The Use of Whole Blood in Rural Trauma Leads to Decreased Resource Utilization
Authors: Niemann Britney R. , Grabo Daniel J. , Mullens Cody , Shmookler Aaron D. , Lopez Santiago , Lander Owen M. , Griffin Peter L. , Bardes James M.
Published: December 2022

Background

Nearly 40% of trauma deaths result from uncontrolled hemorrhage. Most of these deaths occur within 24 hours, highlighting the importance of early resuscitation. Balanced component resuscitation has been shown to improve outcomes in hemorrhagic shock. However, hemostatic properties may then be decreased, leading to inadequate coagulopathy treatment or higher transfusion requirements. Data comparing the efficacy of component vs. whole blood (WB) resuscitation in early trauma is poor, particularly in the rural population. This study investigates WB use and resource utilization at a rural Level 1 trauma center.

Methods

A prospective cohort study with historical controls (HC) was performed using patients over age 17 presenting as the highest priority trauma. Two units of WB were available to patients with signs of hemorrhagic shock, with subsequent transfusions via massive transfusion protocol or thromboelastography guidance. Component utilization, time to hemorrhage control, complications, and transfer times were examined.

Results

Forty patients received WB vs. 153 HC. WB patients had lower complication rates (35% vs. 55.6%; P = .02), and a significant reduction in pRBC utilization in the emergency department (0 vs. 2; P < .0001) and throughout admission (2.0 vs. 4.0; P = .0003). All patients had prolonged transport times given the rural setting (1.42 hours HC vs. 2.03 hours WB; P = .002).

Discussion

Unlike most urban WB studies, this study occurred in a rural area with extended transportation times, when WB is inaccessible for patients. Despite this delay, WB patients demonstrated lower component utilization and complication rates. Further research is needed to characterize the impact of early WB access.
An experimental investigation on press joining mechanism and bearing behavior of single-lap composite riveted joints
Authors: Mi Shiqing , Hu Junshan , Xuan Shanyong , Yu Jiali , Tian Wei
Published: December 2022

This paper reports an experimental study on the forming mechanism and bearing behavior of single-lap composite riveted joints with different hole diameters (4.82 mm and 4.9 mm) and squeeze forces (15 KN, 18 KN, 20 KN, and 23 KN). Pressure riveting and tensile tests are conducted to composite riveted joints to obtain the joint interference, joint stiffness and bearing strength needed to quantitatively evaluate their deformation features and mechanical properties. Furthermore, microscopic studies on damaged areas using applying ultra-depth three-dimensional microscope to monitor damage evolution are conducted to comprehend the joint shear failure mechanism. Results show that the hole diameter and riveting force have a significant effect on the performance of the joint. The forming damage occurs mainly in the hole wall near the driven head and is dominated by fiber crushing and interfacial shear cracks. The radial expansion of the rivet shank is not uniform under the riveting force and the whole is drum shaped. But the hole expansion of the joint at 4.82 mm hole diameter is more uniform than 4.9 mm, which would lead to better joint stiffness and bearing strength. Moreover, high interference fit would cause the shear fracture of the rivet, while lower interference joints are dominated by compression-pull mixed failure. In general, the size of interference fit is an unneglectable factor in the composite riveted joints that should be thoroughly investigated.
Equity in Music Education: Disrupting Ageist Ideologies through Inclusive Music-Making
Authors: Kruse Nathan B.
Published: December 2022

Ageist mindsets and practices occur worldwide and can embody both explicit and implicit forms of discrimination. Inclusive and affirming community music spaces highlight the centrality of age as an integral form of diversity and can help to counteract age-based biases that older adults might experience in society.
Defect detection algorithm for fabric based on deformable convolutional network
Authors: Luo Xin , Cheng Zhen , Ni Qing , Tao Ran , Shi Youqun
Published: December 2022

The detection of fabric defects is an important aspect of textile quality management. This paper proposes an algorithm based on YOLOv3 and deformable convolutional network to solve the problems of low accuracy, high rate of missed and false detection, and high labor cost existing in traditional manual detection methods. First, data enhancement is adopted to address the problem of imbalanced categories of defective samples in the dataset. Then, the Resnet101 model is used to extract the features, and the original convolution operation is replaced by deformable convolution to balance the accuracy and speed of the model. Finally, the focal loss function is introduced to solve the insensitivity problem of the model to difficult defect samples. Experimental results show that this method can quickly and accurately detect defects on the surface of fabrics. In real-time detection, the average accuracy of this method is 8.3% higher than that of YOLOv3. The average accuracy of multiple categories of detection reaches more than 90%, and the detection effect of small defect targets, such as three silk, is also relatively better.
How to Read Dr Betty Paërl’s Whip: Intersectional Visions of Trans/Gender, Sex Worker and Decolonial Activism in the Archive
Authors: Isenia Wigbertson Julian , Steinbock Eliza
Published: December 2022

In this article, the authors take up the historical figure of Dr Betty Paërl, who has surprisingly turned up in very different kinds of specialised archives. The white mathematics professor was located in IHLIA LGBT+ Heritage, the largest queer heritage collection in Europe, as a notable SM sexpert and spokesperson on transgender politics, and also found during archival research into the anti-(neo)colonial struggles of Suriname against the Dutch. Upon closer inspection of the materials, the authors find the recurrent image/item of the whip that presses them to carefully think through how the archive of Dr Paërl casts light on a history that Katherine McKittrick calls being ‘in the shadow of the whip’. The article aims to combine an analysis of these versions of the whip in different visual and discursive registers to detect the liberatory politics underlying her activisms. To do so, the authors develop the intersectional model of the kaleidoscope employed by Dutch Black, migrant and refugee (BMR) feminist theorists to grasp the shifting patterns of power that Paërl battled and embodied as an activist of the anticolonial struggle, for sex workers’ rights, for kinky sex and for transgender people. This is all the more important in the historical study of transgender visual materials that most often arrive in archives via medical and police photography or pornographic materials. The historical researcher, the article argues, should be wary of (re)producing a static vision that would reduce transgender figures to sex and gender politics, or eclipse a vision of trans politics that dilates beyond sexuality.
The Sin of Being Human? Christian Theological Response to Mental Illness
Authors: Downie Alison
Published: December 2022

Although the term mental illness is problematic, it is unavoidable for those most deeply harmed by it. In contrast to some current theological responses to mental illness, fully intersectional responses recognize not only gender, race, and class but also religion as a factor in some mental illness experience. A panentheistic theological response begins with a relational ontology, understands bodily diversities as part of finitude, and affirms the already-beloved identity of persons living with mental illness. This starting point of original blessing rather than original sin dismantles stigma rather than obscuring it through associating mental illness with the Fall. A theology of Spirit as that which opens to and empowers possibilities within repeated losses and turmoil responds to mental illness without minimizing suffering.