bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATYPICAL CUTANEOUS HEMANGIOMA—A SKIN SIGN OF AORTITIS SYNDROME?
Authors: Ikeda Masami , Arata Jirô , Masuda Toshiki
Published: April 2015

A 52‐year‐old man had an atypical cutaneous hemangioma on the right side of his neck. He had suffered from hypertension since he was 20 years old with marked differences in blood pressure in each arm. He had no other clinical symptoms. Angiography revealed that the patient had a typical aortitis syndrome which included obstruction of the left common carotid artery, stenosis of the left subclavicular artery, stenosis of both renal arteries and an irregular shadow of the abdominal aorta. On the area of the skin lesion there were a slightly dilated feeding artery and an obscure net work of arteries. No sign of direct A‐V shunt was seen. This hemangioma could be pure capillary malformation in the angiographic classification by Merland et al. Renin activity and angiotensin I were high. Histopathological examination of the skin lesion revealed dilatation and enlargement of small veins in the upper dermis and increased arteries and veins of medium size from the deep dermis to subcutaneous fat tissue. This atypical cutaneous hemangioma is thought to be an important skin marker for this syndrome.
Book Review
Authors: Hayashi Noritaka
Published: April 2015

TRAITÉ DE MYCOLOGIE MÉDICALE: 1984 Editions Payot Lausanne, Suisse, D. Grigoriu, J. Delacrétaz, D. Borelli
mRNA ACTIVITY OF M‐TYPE LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN DERMATOFIBROSARCOMA PROTUBERANS
Authors: Ozasa Hisashi , Shindo Yasuko
Published: April 2015

The enzyme activity and mRNA level of M‐type lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were studied in dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), a low grade sarcoma of the skin with a long clinical course and pronounced tendency toward progression and local recurrence. The isoenzyme pattern of LDH in DFSP was quite similar to that of other malignant skin tumors. The total LDH activity, ratio of M‐type activity, and mRNA level of M‐type LDH in DFSP were higher than those in control skin. It is suggested that this higher enzyme activity of M‐type LDH in DFSP was mainly due to the higher activity of mRNA coding for M‐type LDH.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION OF MALIGNANT SCHWANNOMA OF THE SKIN
Authors: Nomiyama Tomohiko , Hornstein Otto P.
Published: April 2015

Histogenetic identification of poorly differentiated spindle cell tumours can be very difficult if only routine histology is used. In the case of a 64‐year‐old man suffering from a recurrent and spreading malignant tumour on his neck, the precise diagnosis of malignant schwannoma was not established until a skin node was examined by electron microscopy. The neurogenic nature of the neoplasm was additionally confirmed by demonstration of S 100 protein within most of the tumour cells. Ultrastructurally, the tumour was composed predominantly of atypical Schwann cells and, in varying number, of perineurial cells, endoneurial cells and some myofibroblasts exhibiting features enabling their differentiation. Some electron microscopical findings not previously reported in malignant schwannoma were detailed.
A CASE OF BENIGN MESENCHYMOMA CONTAINING CARTILAGEOUS TISSUE COMPONENTS WITH ENCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
Authors: Setoyama Mitsuru , Miyauchi Hideaki , Kanekura Takuro , Tashiro Masaaki
Published: April 2015

A 50‐year‐old man with benign mesenchymoma containing cartilageous tissue components with enchondral ossification was reported. The tumor was located in the soft tissue of the right leg. Microscopically, it was composed of lipomatous, myxolipomatous or angiolipomatous, hemangiomatous, myxomatous, and fibrous connective tissue in addition to the ossifying cartilageous tissue components. We have found 21 cases of benign mesenchymoma in the Japanese literature and determined that our case with cartilageous components showing enchondral ossification was unique among a variety of well‐differentiated mesenchymal components.
A CASE OF IMPETIGO HERPETIFORMIS WITH HYPERCALCITONINEMIA
Authors: Nitta Yukiko , Yasue Takashi
Published: April 2015

A 22‐year‐old woman suffering from impetigo herpetiformis with accompanying hypocalcemia and hypercalcitoninemia during her first pregnancy is reported. No symptoms of hypothyroidism were observed. She responded to treatment with prednisone and gave birth to a female infant by normal delivery. Hypocalcemia and hypercalcitoninemia were normalized after delivery. Two years after delivery her eruptions have not recurred.
A Serine Proteinase from Cow Snout Epidermis Degrades High Molecular Weight Keratins
Authors: Toku Seikichi , Inoue Fumihide , Nakada Fukuichi
Published: April 2015

This study describes a serine proteinase which degrades high molecular weight polypeptides of keratins. The enzyme was coextracted with 8M urea together with keratins and separated from the keratins by gel filtration chromatography. Molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated at 25,000 daltons by gel filtration. Revealed characteristics of the enzyme were as follows; 1) maximally active at pH 8.5–9.0, 2) requires 0.04% SDS for maximum activity, 3) heat stable in the absence of SDS up to 65°C for 2 min, 4) sensitive against serine protease inhibitor, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and soybean trypsin inhibitor, 5) highly specific for natural protein substrates, such as keratin polypeptides.
Hepatitis B Serum Markers in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Authors: Valls V. , de Salamanca R. Enriquez , Lapeña L. , Campos I. , Ena J. , Guerra P. , Rebollar J.L.
Published: April 2015

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was studied in 100 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). The overall prevalence of HBV serologic markers was 57%: 6 patients had HBsAg, 9 had antiHBc alone, 2 had antiHBc associated with antiHBe and the remaining 40 patients had antiHBs.

The seropositivity frequency was significantly related to the age of patients and to previous venesection treatment but was unrelated to previous hepatitis or risk factors, amount of alcohol consumption, abnormalities of serum iron levels, liver function tests, or hepatosiderosis.

Seropositive patients showed more severe histological abnormalities than seronegative patients.

Our results indicate that PCT should be considered a high risk disorder for HBV infection and that this agent may play an important role in aggravating the underlying liver damage.
The Immunohistopathologic Study of Scabies by the PAP Method — Identification of IgE Positive Mast Cells
Authors: Hayashi Masayuki , Uchiyama Mitsuaki , Nakajima Hiroshi , Nagai Ryukichi
Published: April 2015

Skin biopsy specimens taken from 18 cases of scabies were studied immunohistopathologically using the PAP method. In 12 of 18 cases, membrane‐bound, IgE positive mast cells were observed in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues of the scabies lesions. In a Norwegian scabies, IgE deposits were found not only on the surface of scabies mites but also on feces‐like granules. We conclude that the membrane‐bound IgE mast cells may play an important role in immune skin reactions of scabies.
UVA Induced Darkening of Lower Epidermal Cells as an in vitro System of Immediate Pigment Darkening (IPD) and Mechanisms of IPD
Authors: Sawamura Daisuke , Sato Shizuo , Kiuchi Hiyoshi , Hashimoto Isao , Katabira Yasuo
Published: April 2015

Immediate pigment darkening (IPD), which is a skin tanning reaction induced by UVA or visible light irradiation, is generally thought to result from photo oxidation of pre‐existing melanin. Only a few in vitro systems useful for studying the detailed mechanisms have been developed. The purpose of this study is to present UVA‐induced darkening at the cell level in an in vitro system and clarify the mechanisms of IPD.

Human lower epidermal cells (LECs) separated by the Percoll density gradient centrifugation and murine B16 malignant melanoma cells (B16Cs) were treated to prepare a melanin containing, pyridine‐insoluble precipitate (PUP). The degree of darkness of the UVA‐exposed cells was expressed as reflectance at 400 nm (RE) from PUP. With increasing UVA dose, the RE from B16C‐PUP induced no significant change, but the RE from LEC‐PUP decreased. Thus the model of UVA‐induced darkening at the cell level using LEC was successful. Measurement of the height of electron spin resonance (ESR) signal from PUPs of whole epidermal cells and of B16Cs revealed a 10% decrease in the former and no significant change in the latter after UVA treatment. These results suggest that a combination of the melanin in intracellular melanosomes and UVA exposure alone did not induce melanin darkening of IPD, and also that the semiquinoid form of melanin monomeric units decreased in the keratinocyte melanin. Taking into consideration the molecular structure of melanin, these results also suggest that photo oxidation of melanin monomeric units from the semiquinoid to the quinoid form is one of the mechanisms of IPD causing the darkening of melanin pigment.
Immunohistochemical and Electron Microscopic Observations in Granular Cell Tumors
Authors: Kishimoto Saburo , Arita Tsugihisa , Koishi Kazuo , Hirano Shinya , Ikada Junji
Published: April 2015

Two cases of granular cell tumor (GCT) of the skin were examined immunohistochemically for the presence of S‐100 protein (S100), myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), serotonin, and B‐2‐microglobulin (B2M). One of the tumors was also observed by electron microscopy. The tumor cells in both cases showed positive staining for S100 and B2M. Although immunoreactive MBP was not found in the tumor cells, it was observed in the nerve fascicles and the nerve fibers in the stroma. Staining for GFA and serotonin was negative. The electron microscopic findings showed that a large number of the tumor cells appeared to be in the final stage, showing structureless cytoplasm with various granules and vacuoles.

Since S100 appears to be a marker for Schwann cells, the expression of S100 by GCT supports its neural genesis.
A Unique Case of Subepidermal Bullous Disease
Authors: Toda Ken‐ichi , Horiguchi Yuji , Imamura Sadao
Published: April 2015

A 72‐year‐old Japanese woman developed small, asymptomatic, subepidermal vesicles on the limbs, back, chest and abdomen. Immunoperoxidase staining of the lesional skin showed linear deposition of IgG, IgA and C3 along the basement membrane zone (BMZ), and indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed IgG and IgA class circulating anti‐BMZ auto‐antibodies in the patient's serum. Ultrastructurally, the vesicles were caused by dermo‐epidermal separation at the lamina lucida, and the immune deposits were located just beneath the basal lamina in a band‐like pattern. Immunoelectron microscopic observation of normal human skin incubated with the patient's serum using an organ culture system revealed that the anti‐BMZ antibodies reacted with the anchoring fibrils. Administration of dapson was not effective, but betamethasone was. This case of subepidermal bullous disease is unique and cannot be classified into any existing category of bullous dermatoses.
Three Cases of Erythema Nodosum Associated with Yersinia Enterocolitica Infection
Authors: Ikeya Toshihiko , Mizuno Eiji , Takama Hiromichi
Published: April 2015

Three cases of erythema nodosum associated with Yersinia enterocolitica infection were reported. They were diagnosed as Yersinosis following isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from the feces and from serological investigation.

The diagnosis was supported by the fact that Yersinia enterocolitica could be separated from the feces at an early stage of infection and that the serum agglutination titer for Yersinia enterocolitica increased within a month of infection.

Clinically, the erythema nodosum preceded by abdominal pain and/or diarrhea was a complication of Yersinosis.
Lupus Like Syndrome Induced by 2‐Mercaptopropionylglycine
Authors: Katayama Ichiro , Nishioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2015

A 49‐year‐old woman developed a lupus like syndrome with transient positive ANF and persistent leukocytopenia. The causative agent for the development of the disease was thought to be 2‐mercaptopropionylglycine (thiopronine), a drug similar to D‐penicillamine in structure and function. Skin rashes and arthralgia disappeared shortly after the withdrawal of the drug but positive ANF and leukocytopenia persisted for a relatively long period.
Satellite Cell Necrosis in Two Cases with Dermatomyositis
Authors: Katayama Ichiro , Hashimoto Takenori , Nishioka Kiyoshi
Published: April 2015

Satellite cell necrosis phenomenon was demonstrated in tissue specimens from two patients with dermatomyositis during the acute phase of the disease. They had not undergone bone marrow transplantation or blood transfusion before the onset of the disease. During the clinical course, both patients developed high fever and prominent muscle weakness with impaired respiratory or hepatic function which mimicked GVH reaction.
Anaphylaxis Due to Cefaclor Hypersensitivity
Authors: Nishioka Kiyoshi , Katayama Ichiro , Kobayashi Yoichi , Takijiri Chincho
Published: April 2015

Three cases of anaphylaxis due to cefaclor were reported. All of them developed anaphylactic reactions after exposure to cefaclor by mouth, prick test, or patch testing. Two of them showed crossreactions to other antibiotics. One responded to cephalexin by a prick test and the other responded to cephalexin, ampicillin and talampicillin after patch‐testing of short duration.
Survey of the Prognosis for Dermatomyositis, with Special Reference to Its Association with Malignancy and Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Hidano Akira , Kaneko Kayoko , Arai Yohko , Kikuchi Rika
Published: April 2015

We sent questionnaires to the major dermatological institutions in Japan concerning the course and associations of dermatomyositis (DM). Of 637 cases observed between 1973 and 1983, 68 were children. The mortality rate was 2.9% in children, 47.1% in adult males, and 30.0% in adult females. Associations with malignancies were noted in 30.1% of adults; 112 cases (19.7% of adults) died from these, but surgery improved the signs of DM in 22 cases. The main neoplasms were cancer of the stomach, lung, colon, and breast. Association with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) was observed in 85 cases (14.9% of adults) and, in spite of intensive treatment, 38 cases (6.7%) died from it. In the majority of PF cases who died within 2 months, pulmonary symptoms started within 6 months of the onset of DM. All cases of PF which occurred before the onset of DM survived. The concurrence of PF and malignancies was exceptional. Death from myocardial disease occurred in only 3 cases.
A Monocyte‐Aggregating Factor in the Sera of Patients with Sarcoidosis
Authors: Baba Toru , Ochiya Takahiro , Yamaguchi Koji , Baba Akiko , Uyeno Kenichi
Published: April 2015

Sarcoidosis sera were shown to have higher activity in aggregating normal human monocytes than normal human sera. A kinetic study suggested that monocytes may not be sensitive to the aggregating activity of sarcoidosis serum until they develop to some extent into macrophages. Gel filtration of sarcoidosis sera on Sephadex G‐200 showed that the major factor responsible for monocyte aggregation had the molecular weight of about 130,000. This major aggregating factor was unable to increase cell size of normal human monocytes or to increase phagocytosis and glucose consumption of normal human monocytes. It did have the ability to form multinucleate giant cells.
Protein AL Origin in Amyloidosis Cutis Nodularis Atrophicans
Authors: Masuda Chieko , Hayashi Masayuki , Kameda Yo , Mohri Shinobu , Nakajima Hiroshi , Nagai Ryukichi
Published: April 2015

A case of amyloidosis cutis nodularis atrophicans (ACNA) was reported. The characteristics of the amyloid deposit were examined using the unlabeled immunoperxoidase method (peroxidase‐antiperoxidase method, so called PAP). The study revealed that the amyloid deposit contained A type protein AL, and the surrounding plasma cells contained λ and κ types of both immunoglobulin light chains and Bence Jones protein, with strong preference toward the λ type of each protein. These results suggest that, in ACNA, the plasma cells produce and secrete immunoglobulin light chains and/or Bence Jones protein, and that the protein degenerates into protein AL and then accumulates in the tissue to form nodules. ACNA seems to be a localized form of AL type amyloidosis, since patients with ACNA have no signs of systemic involvement.
Analyses of δ‐Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity and Protoporphyrin Levels in Erythrocytes among Three Different Species
Authors: Murayama Fumio , Nonaka Shigeo , Ohgami Taro , Yoshida Hikotaro
Published: April 2015

Delta‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA‐D) is a enzyme that participates in the pathway from δ‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to porphobilinogen (PBG). This enzyme is relatively easy to analyze because erythrocytes can be utilized as the sample. However, it is not completely understood what kinds of abnormality in porphyrin metabolism influence ALA‐D activity, and it has few clinical applications.

To elucidate the regulation of δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA‐D) activity, we compared the ALA‐D activity and protoporphyrin levels in erythrocytes among three different species. The values for erythrocyte ALA‐D activity were highest in the guinea pig, followed by man and the mouse. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels showed a similar tendency. A definite correlation exists between ALA‐D activity and protoporphyrin levels in erythrocytes. From this data, it is speculated that ALA‐D activity in normal metabolism is a marker of heme synthesis.
Radiodermatitis
Authors: Okazaki Michiharu , Kikuchi Ichiro , Narita Hiromi , Ogata Katsumi , Inoue Shouhei
Published: April 2015

Between November of 1977 and April of 1985, 15 cases of acute radiodermatitis and 28 cases of chronic radiodermatitis were studied at Miyazaki Medical College. All cases of acute radiodermatitis were preceded by malignancies and radiotherapy; 17 cases of chronic radiodermatitis were seen after radiotherapy for benign conditions and 7 cases were seen after radiotherapy for malignant conditions. The other 4 cases of chronic radiodermatitis were of occupational origin. Chronic radiodermatitis studied histologically in 23 cases revealed the following findings; atypia in the epidermis in 9 cases (poikilodermatous lesions showed the least atypia), intraepidermal carcinoma in 6 cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 7 cases, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma in one case.
Amikacin Treatment for Mycobacterium Marinum Infection
Authors: Arai Hiroko , Nakajima Hiroshi , Naito Shizuo , Kaminaga Yoichiro , Nagai Ryukichi
Published: April 2015

This report describes a case of Mycobacterium marinum skin infection. A granulomatous plaque on the dorsum of the left hand of a 71‐year‐old man who kept a tank of tropical fish was followed by erythema and induration on the left forearm of the lymphocutaneous type. The lesion was successfully treated with 6 weeks of administration of amikacin (28 intramuscular injections) a total of 3500 mg. The isolated M. marinum strain was sensitive in vitro to amikacin at 0.78 μg/ml. Furthermore, another 15 clinical strains of M. marinum showed high sensitivity in vitro to this drug (93% of the 16 strains were sensitive to between 0.78 and 1.56 μg/ml).
Low Glucose‐6‐Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity in Cultured Skin Fibroblasts from Werner's Syndrome
Authors: Shindo Yasuko , Akiyama Junichi , Matsumoto Kazuhiko , Takase Yoshio , Hashimoto Takashi
Published: April 2015

Fibroblasts from leg skin of a patient with Werner's syndrome were cultured. Their growth rate was lower than that of the normal control. They were variable in size and did not reach confluence. The activity of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in this cell line was one seventh that of the normal control. The results of pulse labeling and chase experiments indicated that the rate of synthesis of G6PDH in the line was low, in agreement with the decrease in enzyme quantity.
Successful Treatment of Cheilitis Granulomatosa with Tranilast
Authors: Kato Taizo , Tagami Hachiro
Published: April 2015

A new anti‐allergic drug, tranilast [N‐(3′,4′‐dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid] was used on a 46‐year‐old Japanese female patient with cheilitis granulomatosa. A swelling of upper lip with repeated recurrence every two weeks was dramatically suppressed by treatment for 3 months. After drug withdrawal, she was free of symptoms for 12 months. The mode of action of tranilast in cheilitis granulomatosa is not understood at the present time.
Ultrastructural Observations of Skin Lesions in MRL Mice —Dermal Infiltrations and Capillary Changes
Authors: Horiguchi Yuji , Furukawa Fukumi , Imamura Sadao
Published: April 2015

The skin lesions of MRL/l mice were examined by electron microscopy and the following changes were disclosed in the dermis. Fibroblasts and mast cells were increased in number and activated. A major part of the infiltrating mononuclear cells was morphologically T‐lymphocytes. The capillaries, degenerated to varying degrees with indistinct basal laminae, were remarkably increased, and exudative amorphous material was deposited around them. Neither electron‐optically dense deposits around the vessels suggesting immune deposits nor tubulo‐reticular structures in the endothelial cells were detected.

The basic lesions occurring in the dermis of MRL/l mice seem to be primary injuries of the capillary endothelial cells and consequential exudative changes of perivascular areas, similar to those of erythematous lesions in human systemic lupus erythematosus.
Basal Lamina of the Dermal Capillary: Concentric Multilamination Following Regeneration Processes
Authors: Imayama Shuhei , Ikawa Tomoko , Urabe Harukuni
Published: April 2015

Concentric multilamination of the basal lamina around the subepidermal capillaries was observed after reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene. It consisted of luminal obstruction, necrosis of endothelial cells and pericytes, regeneration of these cells, and new deposits of basal lamina. Beneath the two basal laminae, delicate collagenous fibrils were present. These findings help explain the similar but more pronounced lamination of the vascular basal lamina in patients with diabetes, protoporphyria, etc. and the endothelial production of fibrillar collagen under certain condition.
A Comparative Immunohistochemical Study of Adult T Cell Leukemia and Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Sudo Shigenori , Morohashi Masaaki
Published: April 2015

An immunoperoxidase study of 2 cases of adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and 2 cases of mycosis fungoides (MF) was done using monoclonal antibodies. In ATL, many anti‐interleukin‐2 receptor antibody (LeuIL‐2R)‐positive cells were seen in the dermis and occasionally in the epidermis. In contrast, in MF, LeuIL‐2R‐positive cells were much less frequent. LeuIL‐2R‐positive cells in MF may be non‐malignant T cells; not all LeuIL‐2R‐positive cells may be malignant in ATL. These non‐malignant LeuIL‐2R‐positive cells, we suggest, are involved in the interaction between malignant T cells and reactive infiltrating cells. Furthermore, in addition to OKT6‐positive cells, OKM1‐positive cells were seen in the infiltrates in the dermis in both ATL and MF. OKM1‐positive cells also participate in the mechanism of the skin affinity in ATL and cutaneous T cell lymphomas.
Diabetic Retinopathy and Campbell de Morgan's Spots
Authors: Shah Kirtikant C.
Published: April 2015

A comparative study of de Morgan's spots in one hundred diabetics with retinal microangiopathy, one hundred diabetics without retinopathy, and one hundred normal persons showed a definite relationship between microangiopathy in retina and macroangiopathy in the form of de Morgan's spots on the skin of uncontrolled diabetic patients. The frequency of cases with de Morgan's spots on the skin was significantly higher in diabetics with retinal microangiopathy at all ages irrespective of sex than that in diabetics without retinal microangiopathy or normal persons. The spots were most numerous and prominent in patients with retinal microangiopathy.
Surgical Treatment of Speckled Skin Caused by Dyschromatosis Symmetrica Hereditaria
Authors: Taki Tadashi , Kozuka Sadao , Izawa Yohei , Hiramatsu Mitsuyoshi , Usuda Toshikazu , Yokoo Kazuhisa , Matsuda Toshiki , Kou Tomihiko , Kobayashi Taisuke
Published: April 2015

Thin split skin autografts taken from the abdomen were used to replace speckled skin caused by dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria in one patient. Normal skin colour appeared in the recipient areas and no recurrence was observed in the treated areas.
Pseudo‐Kaposi Sarcoma with a Possible Relationship to Obesity
Authors: Hatakenaka Ken‐ichi , Arata Jirô , Masuda Toshiki
Published: April 2015

A 27‐year‐old man had pseudo‐Kaposi sarcoma on his right lower leg. Angiography showed that hypervascular changes were present at the site of skin lesions. No gross arteriovenous fistula was seen. Development of the disease in our patient seemed to be related to obesity (height 167.8cm, body weight 74 kg). Reduction of his body weight by diet has been most effective for his lesions.
Annular Elastolytic Giant Cell Granuloma: An Unusual Case with Lesions Arising in Non‐sun‐exposed Areas
Authors: Muramatsu Tsutomu , Shirai Toshihiko , Yamashina Yukio , Sakamoto Kuniki
Published: April 2015

A 70‐year‐old man with a 2‐year history of annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma associated with diabetes mellitus was reported. The lesions mainly developed in non‐sun‐exposed areas. Histologic examination revealed phagocytosis of elastic fibers by histiocytic cells. Immunoperoxidase staining for lysozyme disclosed positive reactivity within the cytoplasm of these histiocytic cells. Electron microscopic study also showed elastic fibers and numerous lipid‐like substances in the cytoplasm of these cells. These findings indicate high phagocytolytic activity by these infiltrating cells. In our case, actinic damage was not considered to be a primary causative factor, and a possible pathogenesis was also discussed.
Surgical Treatment of a Deep Fungal Infection of the Skin by Trichosporon cutaneum
Authors: Seki Yoshihito , Otsuka Fujio , Ohara Kuniaki , Takizawa Kiyohiro , Ishibashi Yasumasa
Published: April 2015

We treated a patient with facial granuloma caused by Trichosporon cutaneum, in whom various therapeutic modalities had been ineffective. A surgical procedure combining excision, topical chemotherapy of the open wound, and covering the defect with a cervicofacial flap was finally successful.
Primary Osteoma Cutis
Authors: Nakamura Shinichi , Imai Toshiya , Nakayama Keiji , Onda Shutaro
Published: April 2015

A 13‐month‐old male infant with primary osteoma cutis was reported. There was no diagnostic sign of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy in either this patient or his family. Laboratory investigations showed no abnormalities except moderate obesity (kaup index=22).
Fibrous Proteins of Trichilemma‐oid Epidermal Keratinization without Keratohyalin Granules Formation
Authors: Tezuka Tadashi , Takahashi Masae
Published: April 2015

Interactions between the histidine‐rich protein of keratohyalin granules and keratin fibers were investigated. Keratin fibers of the stratum corneum from sole skins of both normal persons (NP) and those with hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma (HPPK) were examined. HPPK samples showed trichilemma‐oid keratinization except at the sweat duct. Epidermis around the sweat duct showed stratum granulosum formation. The keratin pattern was lost in the non‐sweat duct region; any changes in the size and distribution‐pattern of keratin fibers were, however, observed by electron microscopy. In sodium dodecylsufate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), keratin fibers in the HPPK stratum corneum, from both non‐sweat duct and sweat duct regions, and in the stratum corneum of the sole lesion of the HPPK's mother, lacked 57kd subunits, but the electrophoretic profiles of other keratin subunits were identical to those from NP samples. It was concluded that the lack of histidine‐rich protein formation causes no change in keratin fibers themselves either under electron microscopy or in SDS‐PAGE.

The absence of a 57kd subunit keratin fiber may have been caused by abnormalities in the production or degeneration processes of keratin fibers of the HPPK epidermis.
Fine Structural Arrangement of Fibrous Stroma around Dermal Capillaries
Authors: Imayama Shuhei , Yashima Yutaka , Urabe Harukuni
Published: April 2015

Capillaries of the rat skin were sectioned in planes parallel, perpendicular, and oblique to the vascular long axis for the purpose of studying the perivascular fibrous stroma. Fine structural observation revealed that the vessels had organized stromal coats. Delicate collagen fibrils were regularly arranged in alternate, largely orthogonal layers pursuing a spiral or longitudinal course at the innermost layer. However, the fibrillar density and layering differed between the continuous and fenestrated segments of the capillary course. Along segments with a narrow lumen and a thick endothelium, the fibers were dense and both the longitudinal and circular layers exhibited almost complete turns around the vascular perimeter. The fenestrated segments, in contrast, showed a loosely arranged fibrillar coat and sometimes lacked the circular layer.
PNA‐binding Sites in Sebaceous Tumors
Authors: Tamaki Kunihiko , Ohara Kuniaki , Ishibashi Yasumasa
Published: April 2015

The presence and distribution of peanut agglutinin (PNA)‐binding sites was studied in normal sebaceous glands, nevus sebaceous, senile sebaceous hyperplasia, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous epithelioma, and sebaceous carcinoma. Cell surface staining and sponge‐like cytoplasmic staining was observed in sebaceous glands, nevus sebaceus and sebaceous hyperplasia. In sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous epithelioma, and sebaceous carcinoma, diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed in addition to cell surface staining.
Eosinophil Chemotactic Activity of β‐galactosidase
Authors: Isoda Midori
Published: April 2015

The chemotactic activity of β‐galactosidase from bovine liver for eosinophils was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, the activity increased in a dose‐dependent manner. The maximal activity was detected at the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml. In vivo, at concentrations greater than 0.5 mg/ml, eosinophil chemotactic responses were clearly seen.

These results suggest that β‐galactosidase, one of the acid hydrolases, may play a role in eosinophil accumulation in various inflammatory lesions.
T‐cell Subsets and NCI (Nuclear Contour Index) of Their Skin Infiltrates in Mycosis Fungoides (MF)
Authors: Zhang Kang Guo , Iwahara Kunio , Hantanyapong Yaowalak , Kiyohara Akira , Yaguchi Hitoshi , Ogawa Hideoki
Published: April 2015

ACNU solution was applied to plaque lesions once daily for 4 weeks, while 3 million IU/day of Interferon α was injected locally into tumor lesions for 4 weeks. Clinically, ACNU and Interferon α were very effective. To determine the cytological effectiveness of both treatments, T‐cell subsets and the NCI of their skin infiltrates in mycosis fungoides (MF) were compared pre‐ and post‐treatment. Using either ACNU and Interferon α, in pre‐treatment skin tissue, Leu3a positive cells were dominant, whereas in post‐treatment skin tissue, Leu2a positive cells were dominant. As a result, the helper/suppressor T‐cell (H/S) ratio in plaque lesion (3.1) was remarkably decreased (0.44) by ACNU treatment and the H/S ratio in tumor lesions was also reduced from 9.3 to 2.6 after injection of Interferon α. Moreover, the NCI of T‐cells in plaque lesions decreased from 7.57 ± 1.71 to 4.30 ± 0.75 following treatment with ACNU, and that in tumor lesions was also reduced from 8.62 ± 1.89 to 4.35 ± 1.17 with Interferon α treatment. These immunohistos‐chemical staining patterns and immunoelectron microscopic features in post‐treatment periods are similar to those of control skin tissue which is not malignant. It was of interest that the antiproliferative effect of Interferon α on Hut 78 cells (Sézary cells) in vitro was demonstrated. Therefore, Interferon α might have direct cytotoxic effects on MF cells similar to that with Sézary cells. These results indicate that both treatments, ACNU and Interferon α, are effective not only clinically but also cytologically. The data also indicate that the NCI of T‐cell and T‐cell subsets might be used as an indicator of a treatment's effectiveness against MF.
Hyperthermic Effects on Peripheral Lymphocytes Isolated from a Chronic Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Leukemia Patient In vitro
Authors: Nakayama Juichiro , Yasumoto Shinichiro , Kabemura Mayumi , Imayama Shuhei , Asahi Masakazu , Urabe Harukuni
Published: April 2015

Effects of hyperthermia in vitro on the atypical lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood of a chronic lymphocytic lymphoma/leukemia patient were investigated. Incubation of the isolated lymphocytes at 43°C for 5 hr killed 15% of the cells, while more than 95% of the lymphocytes isolated from normal individuals and heated under the same conditions survived. Cultivation of the patient's lymphocytes at 37°C for 4 days after heat treatment at 43°C for 5 hr resulted in a viability of less than 50%. Proliferative responses of the patient's lymphocytes to lectins showed 70% more inhibition than did the control when heated at 43°C for 1 hr and were abolished completely after 3 hr of hyperthermia. Although, in normal individuals, complete recovery of (3H)‐thymidine uptake of the lymphocytes heated at 43°C for 3 hr was observed after 4 days of cultivation at 37°C, this recovery did not occur in the patient's cells. Morphological changes in the atypical lymphocytes heated at 43°C for 3 hr occurred in the cytoplasmic organelles; in particular, enlargement of mitochondria, increased numbers of cytoplasmic granules and vesicles, probably derived from lysosomes, and hyperproduction of myelin sheath‐like structures around the nuclear membrane were seen.
Analysis of the In vitro Concanavalin A Response of Mouse Regenerating Spleen Cells after Cyclophosphamide Treatment
Authors: Sato Masahiro , Ikezawa Zenro
Published: April 2015

The effect of in vivo cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment on the in vitro concanavalin A (ConA) response of murine spleen cells was investigated. The ConA dose‐response of the spleen cells in their regenerating phase—7 days after an injection of a sublethal dose (200 mg/kg) of Cy—was significantly different from that of normal spleen cells (N‐SCs); the high‐dose ConA response remarkably increased and the low‐dose ConA response decreased in the spleen cells (Cy‐SCs) taken 7 days after Cy treatment The phenotype of the responder cells in the ConA response of Cy‐SCs was Thy‐1+ and Lyt‐l+2−, the same T subset involved in the ConA response of N‐SCs. Removal of glass wool‐adherent cells from the N‐SCs did not have the same effect as Cy treatment on the ConA dose‐response, and addition of N‐SCs did not suppress an increased response of the Cy‐SCs to high‐doses of ConA.

These results indicate that this alteration in the ConA dose‐response induced by in vivo Cy treatment cannot be explained by a decrease in the number of Cy‐sensitive regulatory cells. However, although the ConA response of Cy‐SCs was not affected either by depletion of Sephadex G‐10 adherent cells with a G‐10 column or by depletion of Ia positive cells with anti‐Ia plus complement‐mediated lysis, the ConA response of N‐SCs was inhibited remarkably by both procedures. Furthermore, addition of anti‐Ia antibodies to the cultures decreased the ConA response of N‐SCs, but did not affect the ConA response of Cy‐SCs. Apparently, Lyt‐1+2−T cells in the regenerating phase (on day 7) after Cy treatment required high doses of ConA, but neither the Ia molecule itself nor the Ia+ G‐10 adherent accessory cells (ACs) for maximum stimulation. Therefore, the change in ConA dose‐response induced by Cy treatment on day 7 is thought to be caused by alteration of ConA responsiveness of the regenerating Lyt‐l+2−T cells rather than by a decrease in the Cy sensitive regulatory cells.
Mating Behaviour of Microsporum canis from Human Ringworm Cases in Hokkaido Prefecture in Japan
Authors: Kubo Hitoshi , Iizuka Hajime , Shibaki Hideomi
Published: April 2015

Two‐hundred and seventy‐nine isolates of Microsporum canis obtained from Japanese human ringworm cases in Hokkaido prefecture during the past 5 years were paired with either the Nannizzia otae (+) or (–) tester strain by the standard hair soil plate technique. Among the 279 M. canis isolates, 257 were (–) mating type, 8 were (+) and 14 were nonreactive. Our results are in accord with the current view that the predominant strain of M. canis in Japan (or in the world) is the (–) mating type strain. However, contrary to the previous assumption, the (+) mating type strain was not as rare as expected (3% of the total successful mating strains), at least in Hokkaido prefecture.

The N. otae (+) strain might also have an unequal geographic distribution, since 10 out of the 12 isolates of the N. otae (+) strain so far reported have originated from Hokkaido prefecture.
Comparative Studies of Treatments for Pityriasis Lichenoides
Authors: Gritiyarangsan Pimonpun , Pruenglampoo Sontaya , Ruangratanarote Pravit
Published: April 2015

Thirty patients with pityriasis lichenoides were divided into three groups. The first group was treated twice daily with applications of topical 0.02–0.1% triamcinolone cream. The second group was given the same regimen but in combination with oral tetracycline, one to two grams daily in divided doses. The third group was treated with oral psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA). The average durations of treatment in the three groups were 6, 7 and 2 months, respectively. The results of the treatment in the first group included two patients with complete remission, two with partial response and four with no response. In the second group, there was one patient with complete remission, eleven with partial response, and two with no response. Significant therapeutic results were observed in the third group; there were five patients with complete remission, two with partial response, and one with no response. Skin lesions of patients in the third group cleared completely or were markedly reduced with an average of 26 treatments at an average UVA dose of 68.80 joules/cm2. We therefore concluded that PUVA is more effective than the other modes of treatment for pityriasis lichenoides.
Malignant Transformation of Lymphadenosis Benigna Cutis: A Possibly Transformed Case and B‐cell Lymphoma
Authors: Nakayama Hidetoshi , Mihara Motoyuki , Shimao Shuhei
Published: April 2015

This study presents a patient who had had a 10 year history of lymphadenosis benigna cutis (LABC) before malignant lymphoma of the skin subsequently developed. During the LABC stage, the lesion showed several foci of cavernous hemangioma‐like nodules which disappeared spontaneously but reccurred repeatedly. These cutaneous nodules were finally diagnosed as malignant lymphoma of the skin with a histology of diffuse, mixed small and large cell type according to the classification of the Working Formulation. Among the subpopulations of tumor cells, B‐cells were highly predominant. It is suggested that LABC may have the potential to transform into malignant lymphoma (probably B‐cell lymphoma).
Cutaneous Metastasis of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast
Authors: Aizawa Harumi , Aiba Setsuya , Takahashi Masaaki , Tagami Hachiro
Published: April 2015

As far as we know there has been no specified report of cutaneous metastasis from invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast. This type of carcinoma constitutes a minor histological group in all breast cancers, especially in Japan. We describe two such cases whose histologic features were conspicuous; numerous dissociated round cells that were arranged in linear arrays. It resembled the histology of cancer en cuirasse to some extent, but the density and variety of tumor cell nests were much richer. The arrangement of the tumor cells as well as their cytology was identical to that of the primary lesions.
Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis Associated with a Dilated Pore
Authors: Tokura Yoshiki , Takigawa Masahiro , Yamada Mizuho
Published: April 2015

A case of a dilated pore containing a histologic focus of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis was reported. Our case widened the spectrum to include the association of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with acquired solitary skin lesions.
Lanthanum‐induced Alterations in the Distribution of Actin Filaments in Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Kitano Yukio
Published: April 2015

The effects of La3+ on the distribution and organization of actin in human keratinocytes were examined with rhodamine‐phalloidin staining. At 0.2 and 0.02 mM concentrations, La3+ induced redistribution and organization of actin. Thick bundles of actin filaments appeared, as did fine ripple‐like short bundles and polygonal structures. Thick, ribbon‐like assemblages of actin were crescent‐shaped or semi‐circular. These changes were quite similar to those induced by TPA. The effects of La3+ were discussed with reference to Ca2+.
Qualitative and Quantitative Studies of Paget Cells in the Horny Layer
Authors: Palungwachira Piti , Kurumatani Mineko , Miyashita Mitsuo , Baba Shunichi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Morioka Sadao
Published: April 2015

One case of extramammary Paget's disease was studied by ultrastructural and morphometrical methods to clarify whether or not Paget cells change qualitatively or quantitatively in passing through the epidermis. Paget cells in living layers were observed as large cells with abundant clear cytoplasm, large nuclei, and prominent nucleoli. The cytoplasm was enriched with well developed rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, free ribosomes, and glycogen particles. In contrast, filamentous structures were not developed. Paget cells are connected to each other and adjacent keratinocytes by small desmosomes.

In contrast, in the horny layer, Paget cells contained shrunken, flattened nuclei. Cell organelles had degenerated and large lipid droplets were present in the cytoplasm. As disruption of the desmosomes took place, intercellular spaces between Paget cells and keratinocytes widened. Based on the morphometrical analysis by a sonic digitizer computer system, there were statistically significant decreases in areas and diameters of Paget cells between the horny layer and the living cell layers, including the basal, spinous and granular layers.

In conclusion, it is suggested that Paget cells change qualitatively and quantitatively after they move into the horny layer from the living layers.
Anti‐keratin Monoclonal Antibody against Basal Cell Epithelioma Keratin: BKN‐1
Authors: Shimizu Naoya , Ito Masaaki , Tazawa Toshio , Katsuumi Kaoru , Sato Yoshio
Published: April 2015

A BALB/c mouse was immunized with fibrous proteins (FP) extracted from basal cell epithelioma (BCE) and anti‐keratin monoclonal antibodies were produced by a hybridoma technique with a mouse myeloma cell line. One monoclonal antibody was designated as BKN‐1.

Immunohistochemically, in 17 cases of BCE, the cytoplasm of all the tumor cells was always stained by BKN‐1. In the normal human skin tissue, BKN‐1 specifically reacted with the basal cells in the epidermis and in the infundibular epithelium of the hair follicle, the entire follicular cells below the isthmus portion in the anagen hair follicle, the peripheral cells of sebaceous glands, and sweat gland cells. The reaction of BKN‐1 was immunoelectron microscopically located on the tonofilaments in the cytoplasm. By immunoblot analysis, BKN‐1 stained either a band of 56–56.5K in FP from BCE or several bands in normal epidermal FP.

These results suggest that the keratin expression of BCE may resemble that of the follicular epithelium below the isthmus portion.
Light and Electron Microscopic Immunohistochemistry of Solar Elastosis: A Study with Cutis Rhomboidalis Nuchae
Authors: Matsuta Mayumi , Izaki Seiichi , Ide Chizuka , Izaki Masakatsu
Published: April 2015

Biopsied skin specimens from 10 males with cutis rhomboidalis nuchae, 50–83 years in age, as well as age‐matched non‐sun‐exposed skin and young normal skin specimens were subjected to a light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical study using anti‐elastin polyclonal antibody and anti‐microfibril HB‐8 monoclonal antibody. Conventional histochemical and electron microscopic techniques were also used.

The most severely degenerated elastotic materials had developed in the upper dermis of the cutis rhomboidalis nuchae cases. Light microscopic histochemistry with Elastica van Gieson and Azan staining revealed elastotic materials with elastic fiber characteristics. Electron microscopic observation showed that the elastotic materials consisted of disintegrated and dispersed tannic‐acid staining elastin, fine granular materials, and filamentous substances. Light microscopic immunohistochemistry showed that the upper dermis from cutis rhomboidalis nuchae samples was reactive to anti‐elastin but not to anti‐microfibril HB‐8 antibody. Electron microscopic immunohistochemistry further revealed that reticularly disintegrated substances in the elastotic materials retained their reactivity to anti‐elastin, but did not show any reactivity to anti‐microfibril HB‐8 monoclonal antibody. These findings show that these elastotic materials were derived from elastic fibers and partially retained their antigenicity for elastin, but not for microfibrils.
A Case of Donovanosis in Japan
Authors: Fujiwara Sakuhei , Honda Tomohito , Shinkai Hiroshi , Takayasu Susumu , Chen Shin‐Zon , Mori Hiroyuki , Sehgal Virender Nath
Published: April 2015

A 21‐year‐old woman had large, painless, genital ulcers during pregnancy. The biopsy specimen showed a dense infiltration of mononuclear cells throughout the whole dermis. The histological sections with slow Giemsa staining revealed purplish‐blue colored intracytoplasmic Donovan bodies. The genital lesions rapidly improved with antibiotics. She and her husband had never traveled in endemic areas.
Hemorrhage into a Plexiform Neurofibroma Induced by Trauma: A Rare Complication of von Recklinghausen's Disease
Authors: Sawada Yukimasa
Published: April 2015

A case of hemorrhage into a plexiform neurofibroma of a 53‐year‐old woman is described. Immediately after trauma to the plexiform neurofibroma on her scalp, she noticed severe headaches and sudden enlargement of the tumor. The tumor continued to enlarge slowly. Her headaches also continued until tumor excision. The specimen taken during surgery surrounded a round cavity about 7 cm in diameter containing coagulated blood. Numerous, old, perivascular hemorrhages around many dilated vessels with extremely thin walls were revealed by histological examination.
The Major Histocompatibility Complex and the Fugu Aspect of Immunity
Authors: Klein Jan
Published: April 2015

The major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) is a set of genes that codes for plasma‐membrane associated proteins, which are primarily expressed on the cells and tissues of the immune system. The proteins serve as cell markers during the initiation phase of immune response. T lymphocytes recognize Mhc molecules with their receptors when they recognize a foreign antigen on the surface of an antigen presenting cell. The functional Mhc genes are highly polymorphic. One consequence of this polymorphism is the existence of nonresponders to foreign antigens. Certain combinations of self Mhc molecules and nonself antigens fail to stimulate an immune response. A possible explanation for this nonresponsiveness is the need to make an individual unresponsive to (tolerant of) its own proteins. Tolerance leads to the inactivation of certain T cell clones; thus, if the same clones also happen to recognize a particular foreign antigen, the individual becomes unresponsive to this antigen as well. It then contains a blind spot in its repertoire.