bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Inorganic Rubidium Copper Halides for Efficient Wireless Light Communication and X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Zhao Shuangyi , Jia Zhenglin , Huang Yian , Qian Qingkai , Lin Qianqian , Zang Zhigang
Published: August 2023

Lead‐free metal halides have recently received sustained attention because of their nontoxicity, low‐cost, as well as excellent stability and optoelectronic properties. However, most of the reported lead‐free metal halides are synthesized via slow solution‐processing at high temperature in toxic solvents, which may impede their commercial applications. Here, a solvent‐free strategy is proposed to synthesize inorganic rubidium copper halides (Rb2CuX3, X = Cl, Br) at room temperature, which exhibit efficient violet emission dominated by a self‐trapped excitons (STEs) mechanism and attractive stabilities against ultraviolet illumination and heating. Thus, Rb2CuX3 powders are employed as emitters and scintillators applied in wireless light communication and X‐ray imaging technologies. Under orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation, emitters demonstrate a broad −3 dB bandwidth of 26.3 MHz and a high received data rate of 205.1 Mbps. Additionally, flexible scintillation films based on as‐prepared powders are fabricated and show outstanding X‐ray scintillation properties, including a high spatial resolution of 18.1 lp mm−1 and a low detection limit of 104 nGyair s−1, as well as promising imaging performance for irregular objects. These results suggest large‐scale production of nontoxic Rb2CuX3 and their potential commercialization in fields of high‐speed light communication and X‐ray radiography.
Contact electrification polarity of polyethylene particles: A morphology‐derived anomalous size dependence
Authors: Ge Shiyi , Fan Zixiong , Fang Chao , Huang Zhengliang , Sun Jingyuan , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong , Yang Yao
Published: August 2023

The size dependence of contact electrification (CE) for the same material particles is a common but poorly understood phenomenon. Generally, smaller particles acquire negative charges and larger particles positive charges. However, we discover that polyethylene particles can exhibit the opposite polarity under certain conditions. We demonstrate that the particle morphology, such as sphericity and surface roughness, plays a crucial role in determining the polarity, with more spherical and smoother particles being positively charged. This morphology effect can even alter the relative positions of materials in the triboelectric series. We propose a model that incorporates both the morphology and size effects to explain CE of the same material particles. The model successfully reproduces all our experimental results and predicts a nontrivial cyclic triboelectric sequence that we further confirm experimentally. This article reveals new insights into the nonequilibrium charge transfer mechanisms in CE.
Life‐Limiting Peripheral Organ Dysfunction in Feline Sandhoff Disease Emerges after Effective CNS Gene Therapy
Authors: Johnson Aime K. , McCurdy Victoria J. , Gray‐Edwards Heather L. , Maguire Anne S. , Cochran J. Nicholas , Gross Amanda L. , Skinner Haleigh E. , Randle Ashley N. , Shirley Jamie L. , Brunson Brandon L. , Bradbury Allison M. , Leroy Stanley G. , Hwang Misako , Rockwell Hannah E. , Cox Nancy R. , Baker Henry J. , Seyfried Thomas N. , Sena‐Esteves Miguel , Martin Douglas R.
Published: August 2023

Objective

GM2 gangliosidosis is usually fatal by 5 years of age in its 2 major subtypes, Tay‐Sachs and Sandhoff disease. First reported in 1881, GM2 gangliosidosis has no effective treatment today, and children succumb to the disease after a protracted neurodegenerative course and semi‐vegetative state. This study seeks to further develop adeno‐associated virus (AAV) gene therapy for human translation.

Methods

Cats with Sandhoff disease were treated by intracranial injection of vectors expressing feline β‐N‐acetylhexosaminidase, the enzyme deficient in GM2 gangliosidosis.

Results

Hexosaminidase activity throughout the brain and spinal cord was above normal after treatment, with highest activities at the injection sites (thalamus and deep cerebellar nuclei). Ganglioside storage was reduced throughout the brain and spinal cord, with near complete clearance in many regions. While untreated cats with Sandhoff disease lived for 4.4 ± 0.6 months, AAV‐treated cats lived to 19.1 ± 8.6 months, and 3 of 9 cats lived >21 months. Correction of the central nervous system was so effective that significant increases in lifespan led to the emergence of otherwise subclinical peripheral disease, including megacolon, enlarged stomach and urinary bladder, soft tissue spinal cord compression, and patellar luxation. Throughout the gastrointestinal tract, neurons of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses developed profound pathology, demonstrating that the enteric nervous system was inadequately treated.

Interpretation

The vector formulation in the current study effectively treats neuropathology in feline Sandhoff disease, but whole‐body targeting will be an important consideration in next‐generation approaches. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:969–986
Semiconductor Emitters in Entropy Sources for Quantum Random Number Generation
Authors: Alkhazragi Omar , Lu Hang , Yan Wenbo , Almaymoni Nawal , Park Tae‐Yong , Wang Yue , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S.
Published: August 2023

Random number generation (RNG) is needed for a myriad of applications ranging from secure communication encryption to numerical simulations to sports and games. However, generating truly random numbers can be elusive. Pseudorandom bit generation using computer algorithms provides a high random bit generation rate. Nevertheless, the reliance on predefined algorithms makes it deterministic and predictable once initial conditions are known. Relying on physical phenomena (such as measuring electrical noise or even rolling dice) can achieve a less predictable sequence of bits. Furthermore, if the physical phenomena originate from quantum effects, they can be truly random and completely unpredictable due to quantum indeterminacy. Traditionally, physical RNG is significantly slower than pseudorandom techniques. To meet the demand for high‐speed RNG with perfect unpredictability, semiconductor light sources are adopted as parts of the sources of randomness, i.e., entropy sources, in quantum RNG (QRNG) systems. The high speed of their noise, the high efficiency, and the small scale of these devices make them ideal for chip‐scale QRNG. Here, the applications and recent advances of QRNG are reviewed using semiconductor emitters. Finally, the performance of these emitters is compared and discuss their potential in future technologies.
Application of a piperazine pyrophosphate intumescent flame retardant in thin‐walled glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene materials
Authors: Hu Zhi , Shi Tao
Published: August 2023

To overcome the “candlewick effect” caused by glass fibers (GFs), a novel intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system (FR‐1420) composed of piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP) and melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used to induce flame retardancy in GF‐reinforced polypropylene (PP/GF). The thermal stability, combustion behavior, char formation, and flame‐retardant mechanism of the IFR‐PP/GF samples are investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94 test, cone calorimeter test, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. When the FR‐1420 content is increased to 25 wt%, the 0.8 mm UL‐94 V‐0 grade is achieved and the LOI increases to 39.0%, overcoming the “candlewick effect” caused by GFs in the thin‐walled PP composite. The IFR‐PP/GF composite creates a continuous and compact char layer after combustion. It is concluded that the charring of FR‐1420 greatly weakens the candlewick effect of the GF. Moreover, the carbon layer wrapped on the surface of the GF is beneficial for the formation of a more continuous and compact carbon layer throughout the combustion zone, consequently protecting the PP composites during combustion, and resulting in better flame retardancy of the IFR‐PP/GF composite than the PP/GF composite.
Heliothis virescens chymotrypsin is translationally controlled by AeaTMOF binding ABC putative receptor
Authors: Borovsky Dov , Rougé Pierre
Published: August 2023

Heliothis virescens larval chymotrypsin (GenBank accession number AF43709) was cloned, sequenced and its three dimensional (3D) conformation modeled. The enzyme's transcript was first detected 6 days after larval emergence and the transcript level was shown to fall between larval ecdysis periods. Comparisons between the activities of larval gut chymotrypsin and trypsin shows that chymotrypsin activity is only 16% of the total trypsin activity and the pH optimum of the larval chymotrypsin is between pH 9−10, however the enzyme also exhibited a broad activity between pH 4−6. Injections of AeaTMOF and several shorter analogues into 3rd instar larvae followed by Northern blot analyses showed that although the chymotrypsins activities were inhibited by 60%−80% the transcript level of the sequenced chymotrypsin was not reduced and was similar to controls in which the chymotrypsin activity was not inhibited, indicating that AeaTMOF and its analogues exert a translational control. Based on these observations a putative AeaTMOF receptor (ABCC4) homologous to the Ae. aegypti ABC receptor sequence was found in the H. virescens genome. 3D molecular modeling and docking of the AeaTMOF and several of its analogues to the ABCC4 receptor showed that it can bind AeaTMOF and its analogues as was shown before for the Ae. aegypti receptor.
Rational Design of Three‐Dimensional Self‐Supporting Structure for Advanced Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Jin Minghuan , Wu Lianhui , Guo Daying , Wu Chuanhuang , Wang Cong , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun
Published: August 2023

Lithium metal anode (LMA) is the next generation of high‐performance electrochemical energy storage materials because of its unique advantages (high capacity and low redox potential). However, a discontinuous solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer and lithium dendrites are formed during battery charging, leading to serious safety problems. For this purpose, researchers have devised many solutions, such as artificial SEI, modified current collector, and lithium alloy layer. Among them, the three‐dimensional (3D) current collector with a high surface area can not only reduce the local current density of lithium deposition but also promote lithium‐ion transfer and nucleation, thus inhibiting dendrite growth. In this progress report, we review the design of the LMA 3D‐structured current collector in accordance with the classification. Firstly, we discuss the latest development of advanced metal current collectors. Secondly, the 3D design of carbon‐based current collectors is summarized to improve the overall performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Finally, the main challenges and development prospects of LMBs’ current collectors in the future are discussed.
Stable hydrogel adhesion to polydimethylsiloxane enables cyclic mechanical stimulation of 3D‐bioprinted smooth muscle constructs
Authors: Xuan Zongzhe , Gurevich Leonid , Christiansen Jesper de Claville , Zachar Vladimir , Pennisi Cristian Pablo
Published: August 2023

During normal urination, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the lower urinary tract (LUT) are exposed to mechanical signals that have a critical impact on tissue structure and function. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of the contractile phenotype of SMCs remain poorly understood. This is due, in part, to a lack of studies that have examined the effects of mechanical loading using three‐dimensional (3D) models. In this study, surface modifications of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane were evaluated to investigate the effects of cyclic mechanical stimulation on SMC maturation in 3D constructs. Commercially available cell stretching plates were modified with amino or methacrylate groups to promote adhesion of 3D constructs fabricated by bioprinting. After 6 days of stimulation, the effects of mechanical stimulation on the expression of contractile markers at the mRNA and protein levels were analyzed. Methacrylate‐modified surfaces supported stable adhesion of the 3D constructs to the membrane and facilitated cyclic mechanical stimulation, which significantly increased the expression of contractile markers at the mRNA and protein levels. These effects were found to be mediated by activation of the p38 MAPK pathway, as inhibition of this pathway abolished the effects of stimulation in a dose‐dependent manner. These results provide valuable insights into the role of mechanical signaling in maintaining the contractile phenotype of bladder SMCs, which has important implications for the development of future treatments for LUT diseases.
Enhanced Plasmonic Hot Electron Transfer on Aucore‐Agshell Nanoparticles under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Yonglong , Zhang Zhao , Xie Wei
Published: August 2023

Plasmonic photocatalysis under visible‐light irradiation has long been regarded as a very promising strategy for inducing chemical transformations. However, the efficient utilization of these hot electrons on monometallic nanoparticles to induce chemical reaction remains a challenging subject. Here, we study plasmonic hot electron activity of Aucore‐Agshell bimetallic nanoparticles towards the four‐electron reduction of 4‐nitrothiophenol to 4,4′‐dimercaptoazobenzene. Our results show that Aucore‐Agshell nanoparticles possess a higher catalytic activity than pure Au and Ag nanoparticles and the photocatalytic transformation is strongly dependent on the thickness of Ag shell. The plasmonic catalytic activity could be explained by a boosting hot‐electron‐hole separation driven by the contact potential at the bimetallic interface. This work provides new opportunities to enhance the efficient utilization of hot electron for plasmonic photocatalysis reaction.
Photodegradation Effect on Electrical and Thermal Performance of Polyaniline‐Montmorillonite Nanocomposites
Authors: Youcef Hattab , Nacera Benharrats
Published: August 2023

Polymer‐clay nanocomposites have attracted significant research interest for more than a decade for various applications. The structural, thermal, and electrical stability of a nanocomposite determines its durability and long‐term application under sunlight and UV photodegradation of dyes, lithium nanopolymer batteries, and petroleum pipeline corrosion protection, in addition to the effect of high temperatures, e.g., in the Sahara. In the present work, the intercalation of montmorillonite clay within the polymer structure was done by organophilization using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The obtained nanocomposite was characterized in terms of its structural, electrical, and thermal properties using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the four‐pin method, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The effect of photodegradation on polymer nanocomposite properties was assessed under sunlight and UV radiation under laboratory conditions. The obtained results highlighted the good barrier properties of the nanocomposite, attributed to the clay part.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of PROTACs and SNIPERs on Backbone Amide Linked (BAL) Resin
Authors: Hales Liam Thomas , Thompson Philip Evan
Published: August 2023

Developing straightforward but flexible approaches to PROTAC synthesis that can incorporate the structural elements of emerging designs can improve the quality and efficiency of PROTAC development. Solid‐phase approaches could offer many advantages over conventional PROTAC synthesis if diverse chemistries and topographies can be incorporated. We have exploited the backbone‐amide‐linked (BAL) resin to employ an array of solid‐phase organic reactions, providing access to VHL‐ and IAP‐targeting degraders using the BRD4‐targeting JQ1 conjugates as examples.
Hydrovoltaic energy from water droplets: Device configurations, mechanisms, and applications
Authors: Li Luxian , Wang Xiang , Deng Wei , Yin Jun , Li Xuemei , Guo Wanlin
Published: August 2023

Water, the source of life, contains immense energy and manifests in diverse forms. Hydrovoltaic technology enables the direct interaction between water and materials to generate electricity, a vital necessity for industry modernization. Due to the ubiquitous presence and easy availability of falling water, hydrovoltaic energy derived from water droplets has attracted considerable attention and shown great potential in raindrop energy harvesting. In this review, a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in harvesting hydrovoltaic energy from water droplets is presented, with a focus on the configurations and underlying mechanisms of hydrovoltaic devices. Additionally, a brief discussion on the applications of droplet‐based hydrovoltaic devices is presented, along with future prospects for this energy‐harvesting technology.
Skin‐derived TSLP stimulates skin migratory dendritic cells to promote the expansion of regulatory T cells
Authors: Tanaka Yukinori , Yokoyama Yuichi , Kambayashi Taku
Published: August 2023

Therapeutic strategies that enhance regulatory T (Treg) cell proliferation or suppressive function hold promise for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. We previously reported that the topical application of the vitamin D3 analog MC903 systemically expands Treg cells by stimulating the production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) from the skin. Using mice lacking TSLP receptor expression by dendritic cells (DCs), we hereby show that TSLP receptor signaling in DCs is required for this Treg expansion in vivo. Topical MC903 treatment of ear skin selectively increased the number of migratory DCs in skin‐draining lymph nodes (LNs) and upregulated their expression of co‐stimulatory molecules. Accordingly, DCs isolated from skin‐draining LNs but not mesenteric LNs or spleen of MC903‐treated mice showed an enhanced ability to promote Treg proliferation, which was driven by co‐stimulatory signals through CD80/CD86 and OX40 ligand. Among the DC subsets in the skin‐draining LNs of MC903‐treated mice, migratory XCR1−CD11b+ type 2 and XCR1−CD11b− double negative conventional DCs promoted Treg expansion. Together, these data demonstrate that vitamin D3 stimulation of skin induces TSLP expression, which stimulates skin migratory DCs to expand Treg cells. Thus, topical MC903 treatment could represent a convenient strategy to treat inflammatory disorders by engaging this pathway.
Simulated seismic testing of two pitched roofs constructed using timber trusses extracted from vintage unreinforced masonry buildings
Authors: Derakhshan Hossein , Ingham Jason , Griffith Michael , Thambiratnam David
Published: August 2023

Two roof structures representing vintage unreinforced masonry (URM) building components were subjected to longitudinal pseudo‐static cyclic loading. The overall roof dimensions were 8.94 m (span) by 3.1 m (length), with each roof incorporating a pair of as‐built timber trusses that were retrieved from two demolished URM buildings. Both roofs were tested first with nailed connections representing original construction and then again with connections that included proprietary metal brackets and straps representing a remediation of the original construction. The loading was applied perpendicular to the trusses, hence parallel to the diaphragm purlins. Damage patterns and deformation profiles were used to interpret the mechanics governing the roof behaviour utilizing existing modelling techniques for timber floors. It was found that the roof behaviour was shear‐dominated, akin to the in‐plane response of timber floors. For the direction of applied loading, both roof stiffness and roof strength were governed by the strength of the connections between the trusses and the diaphragm purlin members and the purlin spacing. Consistent with these findings, a method was suggested to estimate the stiffness and strength of similar roof structures that may have different aspect ratios using the results from the tests. A comparison between the various test results showed that implementing upgrades that were focused on the connections significantly improved the roof stiffness and roof strength.
Evaluating the effect of building patterns on urban flooding based on a boosted regression tree: A case study of Beijing, China
Authors: Li Zhen , Wang Zhuowei , Wu Leixiang , Huang Wei , Peng Wenqi
Published: August 2023

Rapid urbanization and global climate change are likely to exacerbate urban flooding intensity, frequency and uncertainty. Thus, it is fundamental and crucial to investigate the dominant influencing factors for the mitigation of urban flooding. However, knowledge about the influence of building patterns on urban flooding remains limited. Taking Beijing, a typical megacity, as a case study area, we quantified the importance of building patterns and their interaction effect at the subwatershed scale using the boosted regression tree and geographical detector model. The results indicated that (1) the landscape shape index, slope, green space ratio and waterbody ratio were the most important influencing factors determining urban flooding, with a total relative contribution of 67.23%; (2) building metrics had a certain impact on urban flooding, and the sum of the relative contribution reached 21.03%; (3) the landscape shape index, slope, and green space ratio exhibited a combination of negative and positive correlations with urban flooding density; and (4) an enhancement effect existed between building metrics, especially the building congestion degree and building density. These findings provide quantitative insights on rational urban morphology planning which could be applied to improve stormwater management and promote urban sustainability in megacities.
Factors affecting the bundled adoption of irrigation and nutrient best management practices for improving water quality and quantity in Florida
Authors: Soh Moonwon , Wade Tara , Grogan Kelly , Yehouenou Lauriane S.
Published: August 2023

This study focuses on clustering irrigation and nutrient best management practices (BMPs) that help to improve water quality and quantity using a multiple indicator multiple causation model. Data from a survey of Florida growers' irrigation and nutrient practices are used to identify bundles that growers adopt using a cluster analysis. Identified bundles are regressed on grower and farm characteristics. Growers with a college degree or more, income greater than $100,000, greater farm experience, larger operations, organic production, and who produce multiple crops are more likely to adopt the specified practice bundles. Our results can help increase participation in BMPs adoption programs.
Heterogeneous responses to corporate marginal tax rates: Evidence from small and large firms
Authors: Eskandari Ruhollah , Zamanian Morteza
Published: August 2023

Do small and large firms respond differently to tax cuts? Using new narrative measures of the exogenous variation in corporate marginal tax rates and a unique dataset of US manufacturing firms, we find that the investment of large firms is more sensitive to a marginal tax cut than that of small firms. Furthermore, we show that small firms finance their new investments almost entirely through debt, whereas large firms use both cash and debt. Following a tax cut, the tax advantage of debt financing falls relative to cash financing. This substitution effect is more pronounced for large firms and induces them to rely on cash financing to a larger extent than small firms.
Hemoglobin S target of <50% as compared to 30% in chronic red cell exchange for secondary stroke prevention in sickle cell disease
Authors: Choi Jihee , Markantonis John Emmanuel , De Simone Nicole , Nero Alecia , Kim Jaehyup , Sarode Ravi
Published: August 2023

Background

Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients with a history of stroke are encouraged to receive chronic red blood cell exchange (RBCx) for stroke prevention. The American Society of Hematology guideline published in 2020 recommends an HbS target of <30%. However, this approach necessitates more frequent RBCx and more RBC units. UT Southwestern has devised a chronic exchange protocol that elevates the HbS target to <50% in patients with a low risk of stroke.

Study Design

This retrospective chart review study reviewed the medical records of patients receiving chronic RBCx with a target of HbS <50% over the past 10‐year period to assess the safety of maintaining higher HbS targets in SCD patients with a low risk of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA).

Results

Among 49 SCD patients in the chronic RBCx program for secondary stroke prevention, 33 patients were maintained on an HbS target of <50% (average measured: 35.4%) for the duration of RBCx program enrollment (median 93.0 months, 95% CI, 83‐99). Stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) clearly attributable to changing target HbS had not been identified among the 33 study subjects. Seven patients experienced conversion between the HbS targets of <50% and <30% HbS target. Significant reductions were observed in the frequency of RBCx and usage of blood volume in four of them.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that liberalizing the HbS target could confer clinical flexibility without increasing the risk of CVA in a selective population. Further studies to fully evaluate the potential benefits of this approach are indicated.
Pediatric vitamin D: Pseudo‐hypervitaminosis
Authors: Olayinka Lily , Poventud‐Fuentes Izmarie , Garnett Emily , Devaraj Sridevi
Published: August 2023

Background

Vitamin D toxicity is rare in pediatric population. Falsely elevated levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D have been reported as a major challenge with immunoassay methods for quantifying vitamin D metabolites.

Case Presentation and Method

Here, we present two pediatric cases of falsely elevated 25‐hydroxyvitamin D that resulted in unnecessary further testing. We also report significant same‐day variation in the measurement of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D using the Abbott i2000SR immunoassay. Samples were spun twice and their values were confirmed with the gold standard liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for confirmation.

Conclusion

The addition of a centrifugation step prior to sample testing resolved the variation observed in the measurement of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels. The patient samples were confirmed with instruments from a different vendor and LC–MS/MS. Re‐centrifugation of samples resolved the variation in the 25‐hydroxyvitamin D values.
Pancreatic duct filling during cholecystectomy intraoperative cholangiogram and incidence of postoperative pancreatitis
Authors: Sidiqi M Masood , Guirgis Mina , Sala Michael , Ballal Helen
Published: August 2023

Background and Aim

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with intraoperative cholangiography (IOC) is a commonly performed surgical procedure in most hospitals. Anecdotal evidence suggests that when the pancreatic duct (PD) inadvertently fills during IOC, there may be an increased risk of postoperative pancreatitis (POP). However, there is a paucity of information in the literature about both the incidence of pancreatitis post LC and the incidence of PD filling on IOC and any potential relationship between the two.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of all LC performed in our institution over a 10‐year period. IOC images were reviewed and clinical data collated.

Results

Of the 1243 procedures identified, 952 had IOC images available for review and were included in the study. The incidence of POP was 0.7%. The incidence of PD filling was 13.4%. Patient's age, sex, urgency of surgery, preoperative liver function tests (LFTs), history of pancreatitis, contrast leakage, and preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were not statistically related to the incidence of POP. Of those with PD filling, 2% had POP versus 0.5% who had no PD filling. This trended toward significance on univariate analysis (P = 0.05). However, on logistic regression, POP was the only significant independent risk factor (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

The incidence of pancreatitis post LC and IOC is low. PD filling is associated with increased incidence of pancreatitis in this scenario and it is crucial for clinicians to be aware of this potential risk. This retrospective study was based on the review of saved images, and therefore PD filling might have been underestimated. Prospective studies would be useful to ascertain any definitive clinical association.
Tumor microenvironment phenotypes and prognostic evaluation tools for osteosarcoma characterized by different prognostic outcomes and immunotherapy responses
Authors: Tu Zubo , Li Wang , Chen Zhigang , Jiang Dong , Zhou Shiran , Lv Shujun , Cui Haidong
Published: August 2023

Background

The physiological and immunological characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) have a profound impact on the effectiveness of immunotherapy. The present study aimed to define the TME subtype of osteosarcoma according to the signatures representing the global TME of the tumor, as well as create a new prognostic assessment tool to monitor the prognosis, TME activity and immunotherapy response of patients with osteosarcoma.

Methods

The enrichment scores of 29 functional gene expression signatures in osteosarcoma samples were calculated by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). TME classification of osteosarcoma was performed and a prognostic assessment tool was created based on 29 ssGSEA scores to comprehensively correlate them with TME components, immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of osteosarcoma.

Results

Three TME subtypes were generated that differed in survival, TME activity and immunotherapeutic response. Four differentially expressed genes between TME subtypes were involved in the development of prognostic assessment tools. The established prognosis assessment tool had strong performance in both training and verification cohorts, could be effectively applied to the survival prediction of samples of different ages, genders and transfer states, and could well distinguish the TME status of different samples.

Conclusions

The present study describes three different TME phenotypes in osteosarcoma, provides a risk stratification tool for osteosarcoma prognosis and TME status assessment, and provides additional information for clinical decision‐making of immunotherapy.
Assessment of the added value of intravenous gadolinium for knee osteosarcoma resection planning in pediatric and young adult patients
Authors: Thomas Nathan P. , Pierce Theodore T. , Ozturk Arinc , Lee Stella J. , Crawford Brooke , Hennessy David W. , Park Andrew , Sagar Pallavi , Heng Marilyn , Lozano Calderón Santiago
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives

To assess the impact of Gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences on Preoperative imaging evaluation and surgical planning parameters for osteosarcoma (OS) of the knee in pediatric and young adult patients.

Methods

Thirty MRI scans of patients with OS about the knee were reviewed by five orthopedic oncologists. Key preoperative parameters (neurovascular bundle involvement, intra‐articular tumor extension, extent of intramedullary extension) and surgical plans were evaluated based on non‐contrast versus Gd contrast enhanced sequences. Assessment agreement, inter‐rater agreement, and intrarater agreement between pre and postcontrast images were evaluated via Kappa statistics.

Results

Moderate agreement was seen between non and contrast‐enhanced assessment of neurovascular involvement and intra‐articular tumor extension. Intrarater reproducibility was substantial for neurovascular bundle involvement (precontrast Kappa: 0.63, postcontrast Kappa: 0.69). Intrarater reproducibility was also substantial for precontrast (Kappa: 0.70) and moderate for postcontrast (Kappa: 0.50) assessment of intra‐articular tumor extension. Planned resection length and choice of surgical approach were similar between sequences. The addition of Gd‐enhanced sequences improved the inter‐rater agreement across collected parameters.

Conclusions

While some findings suggest that contrast enhanced sequences may not significantly alter the assessment of key preoperative planning parameters by orthopedic oncologists, they may help reduce variability among providers with differing experience levels.
Bio‐experienced psoriasis patients treated with anti‐interleukin monoclonal antibodies are less likely to achieve PASI 90, PASI 100, PASI ≤ 1 and ≤3: Results from a cohort of 305 patients
Authors: Margiotta Flavia Manzo , Michelucci Alessandra , Panduri Salvatore , Angeloni Laura , Fidanzi Cristian , Granieri Giammarco , Morganti Riccardo , Romanelli Marco , Dini Valentina
Published: August 2023

Background

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin (IL)‐17 and ‐23 represent the ultimate therapeutic strategy in treating psoriasis patients, but scientific literature still does not provide conclusive results regarding the possible influence of previous biological therapies on real‐life therapeutic response.

Objectives

The objective of our work was to investigate any putative difference in the achievement and maintenance of PASI 75, 90 and 100, as well as the probability to achieve absolute PASI ≤ 1 and ≤3, between 305 bio‐naïve and bio‐experienced patients treated with anti‐IL mAbs.

Methods

A comparison between previous biologic and clinical factors, including relative and absolute PASI, was carried out through chi square test. Survival curves for the achievement of PASI 75, 90 and 100 and their differences were evaluated, performing a multivariate analysis (confidence interval 95%; p < 0.0.5).

Results

Previous biologic therapy resulted associated with a lower rate of PASI 75 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1339; p = 0.034), 90 (HR: 1365; p = 0.0031) and 100 achievement (HR 1596; p = 0,007). The survival curves showed how bio‐experienced patients were less likely to reach and maintain PASI 90 (naïve vs. anti‐IL: p = 0.001; naïve vs. anti‐TNF + anti‐IL: p < 0.001) and PASI 100 (naïve vs. anti‐TNF‐α: p = 0.014; naïve vs. anti‐IL: p < 0.001; naïve vs. anti‐TNF‐α + anti‐IL: p < 0.001). Moreover, bio‐naïve patients showed a greater probability to achieve both absolute PASI ≤ 3 and ≤1 (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our results represent a real‐life analysis on the impact of previous biologic therapy in the clinical efficacy of anti‐IL. Even if further studies with bigger samples are needed to extrapolate absolute considerations, we provided the first evidence on the burden of the bio‐naïve condition for a greater achievement of both PASI 90, 100 and the probability to achieve PASI ≤ 1 and ≤3.
Drivers behind the diversity and distribution of a widespread midwater narcomedusa
Authors: Verhaegen Gerlien , Sangekar Mehul Naresh , Bentlage Bastian , Hoving Henk‐Jan , Collins Allen G. , Lindsay Dhugal
Published: August 2023

Narcomedusae play a key role as top‐down regulators in the midwater, the largest and most understudied biome on Earth. Here, we used ecological niche modeling in three‐dimensions (3D), ecomorphology, and phylogeny, to answer evolutionary and ecological questions about the widespread narcomedusan genus Solmissus. Our phylogenetic analyses confirmed that Solmissus incisa represents a complex of several cryptic species. Both the different genetic clades and tentacle morphotypes were widespread and often overlapped geographically‐ the main difference in their distribution and ecological niche being depth. This demonstrated the importance of including the third dimension when modeling the distribution of pelagic species. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found the modeled distribution of the Solmissus genus (n = 1444) and both tentacle morphotypes to be mostly driven by low dissolved oxygen values and a salinity of 34, and slightly by depth and temperature. Solmissus spp. were reproducing all year round, with specimens reproducing in slightly warmer waters (up to 1.25°C warmer). Our results suggest that Solmissus spp. will likely come out as climate change winners by expanding their distribution when facing ocean deoxygenation and by increasing their reproduction due to global warming. However, because most available midwater data comes from the northern Pacific, this sampling bias was undoubtedly reflected in the output of our ecological niche models, which should be assessed carefully. Our study illustrated the value of online databases including imagery and videography records, for studying midwater organisms and treating midwater biogeographic regions as 3D spaces.
Novel interpolation spaces and maximal‐weighted Hölder regularity results for the fractional abstract Cauchy problem
Authors: Chen Yuting , Fan Zhenbin
Published: August 2023

In this paper, the maximal‐weighted Hölder regularity for the fractional abstract Cauchy problem is presented. First, two classes of novel interpolation spaces constructed by resolvent families are portrayed. Afterward, by applying the resolvent method and the properties of interpolation spaces, the maximal‐weighted Hölder regularity of the mild solution is established in weighted Hölder space (, ). Eventually, an instance for the fractional differential equation of 2m‐order multidimensional parabolic type is provided to verify the reasonability of main conclusions.
Environmental productivity assessment: An illustration with the Ecuadorian oil industry
Authors: Abad Arnaud , Arias Michell , Ravelojaona Paola
Published: August 2023

This paper assesses the performance of 20 Ecuadorian petroleum industry over the period 2014–2018, using the pollution‐adjusted Malmquist (PM) and Hicks–Moorsteen (PHM) productivity indices within a convex neutral analytical framework. Indeed, to the best of our knowledge, the environmental performance variation of the Ecuadorian oil industry has never been investigated hitherto in the literature. Moreover, the existing literature that analyses the environmental performance change of oil industries applied the Malmquist productivity index by considering a convex production set. However, the convexity assumption results in ignoring possible non‐linearities in the production process. Also, the performed PM and PHM in this paper are decomposed and disaggregated to provide the main drivers of both economic and polluting productivity change. Finally, the performance change assessment is carried out through a nonparametric enumerative method that is defined in the paper.
A 148–170‐GHz 4‐bit variable gain amplifier with stagger‐tuning and multistage‐phase‐compensation techniques in 0.13‐μm SiGe
Authors: Yang Maoxuan , Zhang Zhenyi , Xie Qian , Wang Zheng
Published: August 2023

This letter presents a 148–170‐GHz 4‐bit variable gain amplifier (VGA) with stagger‐tuning and multistage‐phase‐compensation techniques. In the design of this proposed VGA, phase variation is minimized by cascading overcompensation VGA and undercompensation VGA with reverse gain‐phase characteristics and phase suppression characteristics at sideband, achieved through different shunt inductors to ground. Additionally, stagger‐tuning technique has been introduced to realize VGA design. To prove these techniques, a 148–170‐GHz 4‐bit VGA has been fabricated in 0.13‐μm SiGe bipolar complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (350/450 GHz ft/fmax) with a compact size of . The results show the VGA achieves phase variation and over 10‐dB tuning range with 0.6‐dB gain step for a wide operating frequency from 148 to 170 GHz. The RMS gain error is  dB, the simulated input is  dBm and the total power consumption is 32.4‐mW with 2.25 V supply voltage.
Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and its interaction with the metabolome in metabolic associated fatty liver disease: Gut microbiome signatures, correlation networks, and effect of PNPLA3 genotype
Authors: Mascardi María Florencia , Mazzini Flavia Noelia , Suárez Bárbara , Ruda Vera M. , Marciano Sebastián , Casciato Paola , Narvaez Adrián , Haddad Leila , Anders Margarita , Orozco Federico , Tamaroff Ana Jesica , Cook Frank , Gounarides John , Gutt Susana , Gadano Adrián , García Celia Méndez , Marro Martin L. , Penas Steinhardt Alberto , Trinks Julieta
Published: August 2023

Interactions between communities of the gut microbiome and with the host could affect the onset and progression of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and can be useful as new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this study, we performed a multi‐omics approach to unravel gut microbiome signatures from 32 biopsy‐proven patients (10 simple steatosis ‐SS‐ and 22 steatohepatitis ‐SH‐) and 19 healthy volunteers (HV). Human and microbial transcripts were differentially identified between groups (MAFLD vs. HV/SH vs. SS), and analyzed for weighted correlation networks together with previously detected metabolites from the same set of samples. We observed that expression of Desulfobacteraceae bacterium, methanogenic archaea, Mushu phage, opportunistic pathogenic fungi Fusarium proliferatum and Candida sorbophila, protozoa Blastocystis spp. and Fonticula alba were upregulated in MAFLD and SH. Desulfobacteraceae bacterium and Mushu phage were hub species in the onset of MAFLD, whereas the activity of Fonticula alba, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Mushu phage act as key regulators of the progression to SH. A combination of clinical, metabolomic, and transcriptomic parameters showed the highest predictive capacity for MAFLD and SH (AUC = 0.96). In conclusion, faecal microbiome markers from several community members contribute to the switch in signatures characteristic of MAFLD and its progression towards SH.
Charge localization in bis(dioxaborine) radical anions
Authors: Moneo Álvaro , Carvalho M. Fernanda N. N. , Telo João P.
Published: August 2023

The mixed valence (MV) radical anions of several bis(dioxaborines) with aromatic bridges of different length were studied by Vis/NIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and theoretical calculations. The phenyl‐bridged (1), the biphenyl‐bridged (2), and bithiophene‐bridged (5) radical anions show intense low‐energy intervalence bands with vibrational structure typical of charge delocalized mixed valence species in the range of solvents studied. However, by subtracting from the experimental spectra of 2− in MeCN the fraction corresponding to the delocalized part (taken as the spectrum in tetrahydrofuran [THF]), we get a localized charge‐transfer bands that show a significant cutoff effect at the low‐energy side, as predicted by classical Marcus–Hush theory. In the radical anions with three aromatic rings on the bridge, the localization of the charge changes with solvent. These radicals are predominantly charge‐localized in the high λS solvent MeCN, charge‐delocalized in the low λS solvent THF, and show both type of intervalence bands in DMF. Experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the electronic coupling between dioxaborine units in these three‐ring bridged radical anions increases with the number of thiophene rings on the bridge.
Could cannabinoids provide a new hope for ovarian cancer patients?
Authors: Kaur Rimanee , Javid Farideh A.
Published: August 2023

It is known that gynecological cancers remain a worldwide problem and as shown by the statistics, there is a need for new gynecological cancer treatments. Cannabinoids, the pharmacologically active compounds of the Cannabis sativa plant, have been used for many centuries by individuals as a symptomatic treatment to alleviate pain, nausea, vomiting, and to help stimulate appetite. Research has revealed that cannabinoids also exert anti‐cancer activity such as anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects through a variety of mechanisms. There is significant value in the development of these compounds as anti‐cancer therapies in clinical practice as they do not produce the typical toxic side effects that exist with conventional therapies and recent clinical trials have shown their great tolerability by patients at high doses. Cannabinoids can induce psychoactive effects that could limit their progression. Therefore, non‐psychoactive cannabinoids are attracting pharmacological interest due to their inability to produce psychological effects. Recent studies have focussed on non‐psychoactive cannabinoids in ovarian cancer and have revealed promising pre‐clinical results that indicate that these compounds may have potential benefits in the treatment of these cancers. However, there are still unanswered questions and research gaps that need to be addressed. This review summarizes the current understanding of this topic and identifies the current gaps in knowledge that provide a useful direction for future work.
Rabies experts on demand: A cross‐sectional study describing the use of a rabies telehealth service
Authors: Baker Sarah E. , Ross Yasmeen B. , Ellison James A. , Monroe Benjamin P. , Orciari Lillian A. , Petersen Brett W. , Rao Agam K. , Wallace Ryan M.
Published: August 2023

Background

Rabies expert on demand (REOD) telehealth service is provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to assist public health practitioners, health providers, and the public to interpret national and international rabies prevention guidelines. REOD is staffed by subject matter experts of the CDC Poxvirus and Rabies Branch to assess each unique situation and provide evidence‐based guidance to stakeholders. This study aims to describe the utilization of a rabies telehealth system and provide insight into common consultations.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study of the nature of inquiries to REOD was done using the data collected from September 1, 2017 to September 30, 2021. An inquiry tracking form and Microsoft Access database were developed to document all inquiries received. Inquired ones were summarized to determine the frequency of inquiries by month, category, and location.

Results

Over a 49‐month period, REOD received 5228 inquiries. Peak inquiries (n = 108) occurred during August 2019. The most frequent inquiries received pertained to risk assessment and management of rabies exposures (n = 1109), requests for testing assistance (n = 912), consultation for suspected human rabies (n = 746), rabies exposures and post‐bite treatment occurring internationally (n = 310), and consultation for deviations in the recommended pre‐ and postexposure prophylaxis regimen (n = 300).

Conclusion

REOD is a global resource for consultation related to managing rabies exposures, diagnostic issues, and rabies control strategies. REOD is a regularly utilized CDC service, as the demand for up‐to‐date rabies guidance remains high. REOD fulfills a critical role for the interpretation and consultation on rabies prevention guidelines to stakeholder.