bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Image Generation Optimization based Deep Learning
Authors: Yan Hao , Wang Zixiang , Zhao Yi , Zhang Yang , Lyu Ranran
Published: January 2025

Image generation optimization is an important research direction in the field of deep learning, which aims to improve the performance of image generation models and the quality of generated images. In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in image generation optimization with the development of deep generative models such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs). These models are able to generate high-quality, realistic images by learning the distribution of image data. In this study, a deep learning-based image generation optimization model was adopted, which combined the advantages of GAN and VAE. The model architecture consists of a generator and a discriminator, where the generator is responsible for generating the image and the discriminator is used to judge the authenticity of the image. In addition, the model also introduces attention mechanism and self-supervised learning strategy to further improve the quality and diversity of generated images. In the training process, a large-scale image dataset is used, and a variety of optimization algorithms are used to improve the stability and efficiency of the model. By evaluating various indicators of the generative model, including image quality, generation speed and model convergence, it was found that the introduced attention mechanism and self-supervised learning strategy significantly improved the performance of the model.
Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori: Data from Central Asia
Authors: Chesca Antonella A , Seysenbekova Aizhan A. , Aliona Lavrinenko L , Laryushina Yelena Y. , Ayatbek Otemis O , Volnovaya Olga O , Solomadin Maxim M , Yukhnevich Yekaterina Y
Published: January 2025

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a global health concern, particularly in regions with a high incidence of stomach cancer. The effective eradication of this bacteria is essential for the prevention and treatment of related gastrointestinal disorders. However, antibiotic resistance has emerged as a significant challenge to effective treatment. This review examines antibiotic resistance among H. pylori populations in Central Asia, a region with limited data on this topic. We critically analyze the available literature, exploring the mechanisms behind resistance and highlighting implications for clinical practice and future research. Despite the lack of studies in the region, data suggest alarming levels of resistance to two common antibiotics, clarithromycin and metronidazole. These results underscore the need for enhanced surveillance and personalized treatment strategies to combat H. pylori infections and reduce the risk of stomach cancer in Central Asian populations. Hope to be useful for diagnosis. Also medical management is important for future trends. Youth age are also in attention.
Cherry Tomato Fruit Quality Under Decreased Potassium Supply in a Hydroponic System
Authors: Manantapong Kanokporn , Sriprachote Anongnat , Kraiklang Rattaphol , Anutrakulchai Sirirat , Kanyawongha Pornthiwa
Published: January 2025

Potassium is an essential element for plant growth, particularly in tomato cultivation, where opti-mum K levels are essential for achieving high yields and enhancing fruit quality. In this study, we investigate the effect of varying potassium nitrate (KNO₃) concentrations on decreasing potassium levels in two cherry tomato varieties, ‘Tabtim Deang T2021’ (red) and ‘Sweet Boy 1’ (yellow), grown under deep flow technique. The target was to provide low K foods for chronic kidney disease patients. The plants were subjected to KNO₃ concentrations of 3.0, 1.5, 0.75, 0.50, and 0.37 mM. The findings revealed that a KNO₃ concentration of 1.5 mM was sufficient to support normal plant growth and maintain optimal fruit quality, including pH (4.15±0.07 to 4.34±0.06), total soluble solids (4.18±0.02 to 7.19±0.23 %Brix), and the citric acid (6.09±0.48 to 7.74± 0.48 g/gFW) and ascorbic acid contents (0.30±0.02 to 0.46±0.02 mg/gFW), in both cherry tomato varieties. Additionally, a reduction in KNO₃ concentration did not significantly impact the antioxidant activities of the tomato fruits, as measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Furthermore, low-K fertilization resulted in minimal changes to the physical, chemi-cal, and biological characteristics of the cherry tomatoes. We conclude that decreasing the K concen-tration in nutrient solutions has a limited effect on the overall quality of cherry tomatoes.
Diagnostic Implications of MCP-1, IL-18, IL-6 and Comorbidities in Persons with HIV on ART
Authors: Omolehinwa Temitope Tolulope , Khalifah Afnan , Vlasenko Liudmila , Schaubel Douglas , Akintoye Sunday O
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Despite good viremia control with antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is persistent inflammation in persons with HIV (PWH). Among HIV individuals, data on comparative analysis of inflammatory cytokine levels based on presence or absence of non-infectious comorbid diseases (NCDs) is still limited. The assessment of systemic markers of inflammation also requires appropriate sample selection and processing. We hypothesized that serum and plasma inflammatory cytokines are differentially regulated by interplay of ART and comorbidities in PWH. The objectives of this pilot study were to compare serum and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines in PWH on ART and determine whether differential levels of serum and plasma inflammatory markers are modulated by interplay of ART and NCDs. Method: Clinical and demographic data, as well as paired serum and plasma samples were obtained from 14 participants. Multiplex immunoassay was used to assess immune mediators in both serum and plasma, and clinical data was compared with absolute values of immune mediators. Results: Nine out of 14 PWH presented with one or more NCDs (+NCDs), with hypertension being the most prevalent at 100%. There was no significant difference between mean levels of paired plasma and serum levels of IL-6, and TNF-α, but serum levels of MCP-1, IL-18 and IL-8 were significantly higher in plasma relative to serum (p=0.000002, 0.05 and 0.000005 respectively). MCP-1 levels were comparatively high relative to other analytes, followed by IL-18, but these were independent of NCD. IL-6 expression, though low compared to MCP-1 and IL-18, was significantly higher in both plasma and serum of PWH with NCDs, especially those with hypertension and psychiatric conditions (p=0.0495 and 0.02 respectively). There was no significant difference between mean levels of paired plasma and serum levels of IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α, but serum levels of MCP-1, IL-18 and IL-8 were significantly higher in plasma relative to serum (p=0.000002, 0.05 and 0.000005 respectively). Conclusion: Selection of serum or plasma for assessment of inflammation is dependent on the cytokine of interest. MCP-1 and IL-18 are possible predictors of HIV infection, while IL-6 level is a possible predictor of comorbidity in PWH on ART irrespective of blood analyte.
AdipoRon’s Impact on Alzheimer’s Disease – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Barbalho Sandra Maria , Laurindo Lucas Fornari , de Oliveira Zanuso Bárbara , da Silva Rebeca Maria Siqueira , Gallerani Caglioni Lívia , Nunes Junqueira de Moraes Victor Bruno Fonseca , Fornari Laurindo Lívia , Dogani Rodrigues Victória , da Silva Camarinha Oliveira Jéssica , Beluce Maria Eduarda , Penteado Detregiachi Cláudia Rucco , Barbalho Lamas Caroline , dos Santos Haber Jesselina Francisco , Cavallari Strozze Catharin Virgínia Maria , Quesada Karina , Tanaka Masaru , Valenti Vitor Engrácia
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a leading cause of cognitive decline and mortality worldwide, characterized by neurodegeneration, synaptic deficiencies, and neuroinflammation. Despite advancements in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment, AD presents substantial challenges due to its complex pathology, heterogeneity, and the limited ef-ficacy of current therapies. Consequently, there is a pressing need for novel therapeutic agents to target the multifaceted aspects of AD pathology, enhance current treatments, and minimize ad-verse effects. AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, has garnered interest for its potential neuroprotective effects, including reducing neuroinflammation, improving mitochondrial func-tion, and mitigating tau hyperphosphorylation. Methods: This review aimed to evaluate the ef-fects of AdipoRon-based adiponectin replacement therapy against AD using a comprehensive approach grounded in the PICO framework—Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Out-comes. Results: A total of six studies were reviewed, including in vitro and in vivo investigations, examining AdipoRon's impact on various AD models. These studies involved different cell lines and transgenic mouse models, assessing various outcomes such as cognitive function, neuroin-flammation, tau phosphorylation, synaptic deficiencies, and relevant molecular pathways. Con-clusions: By synthesizing data from these studies, our review provides a thorough understanding of AdipoRon's neuroprotective effects, its mechanisms of action, and its potential as a therapeutic agent for AD. This analysis aims to highlight the current state of knowledge, identify gaps in the research, and suggest directions for future studies and clinical applications.
Time-Series Analysis and Forecasting of Air Pollution Mortality Rates in Central Asian Cities
Authors: Ramis uulu Aldaiar , Orozakhunov Zhenishbek
Published: January 2025

Air pollution poses a significant health risk worldwide, with mortality rates from ambient particulate matter pollution increasing in many regions. This study focuses on forecasting air pollution-related mortality rates in two Central Asian cities, Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) and Almaty (Kazakhstan). Utilizing time-series models, specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Prophet, the research aims to provide accurate predictions that can inform public health policies and interventions. The proposed methodology integrates advanced data preprocessing techniques, robust model architectures, and hyperparameter tuning to achieve an accuracy exceeding 85%. The findings reveal that time-series forecasting can effectively model the trend and seasonality of mortality rates, offering actionable insights for policymakers.
LLMSeamCarver: LLM-Enhanced Content-Aware Image Resizing
Authors: Liu Dong , Yu Yanxuan , Tan Lianghao , Wu Wenjun , Zhao Bide , Lu Bingjie
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces "SeamCarver," a LLM-enhanced method that redefines image resizing . SeamCarver addresses the limitations of traditional seam carving with static pre-defined parameters, it uses LLM to achieve dynamic and user-controlled AI-resizing of images. We also evaluate the performance of SeamCarver on different datasets.The inclusion of LLMs in this research facilitates dynamic optimization of parameter tuning and adaptive energy function adjustments, enhancing overall robustness and efficiency of image resizing. SeamCarver emerges as a transformative tool, offering versatile, high-quality resized images.
The Relationship Between Professional Identity in Nursing and Nurse Performance
Authors: Kristyaningsih Putri
Published: January 2025

Professional identity is a fundamental aspect of nursing practice as it influences nurses' understanding of their roles, responsibilities, and contributions to healthcare services. A strong professional identity enables nurses to build confidence, enhance ethical commitment, and maintain integrity when facing challenges in the workplace. This study aims to analyze the relationship between professional identity and nurse performance through a literature review method. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using keywords related to professional identity and nurse performance. The selection process yielded eight relevant research journals, consisting of two national and six international journals. The analysis revealed that a strong professional identity is closely associated with increased motivation, job satisfaction, communication skills, clinical decision-making, and interprofessional collaboration. Theories supporting this relationship include Social Identity Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Professional Role Theory. The study emphasizes the importance of strengthening professional identity through nursing education focused on self-reflection, clinical experience, and leadership that supports professional development. Thus, a strong professional identity significantly contributes to improving nurse performance and healthcare service quality.
Firm Profitability and Economic Crises: The Non-Linear Role of the Cash Conversion Cycle
Authors: Kukeli Agim , Deari Fitim , Sargsyan Gevorg , Barbuta-Misu Nicoleta
Published: January 2025

This study investigates whether economic crises matter in profitability and, in this context, the (non) linear role of the cash conversion cycle for a sample of firms from five EU countries. The study employs unbalanced panel data fixed effect to examine two dependent variables: return on assets and net margin. Independent variables are the cash conversion cycle, financial leverage, size, tangibility, cash flow ratio, and inventory investments. Results of this study reveal that longer cash conversion periods are associated with lower profitability, with the effect being more pronounced in the absence of crises. Further, the study shows a non-linear relationship between profitability and cash conversion cycle, and diminishing returns are observed by using a squared cash conversion cycle. The study contributes to the existing working capital management literature by examining the effect of the cash conversion cycle on profitability from an international perspective and the effect of economic crises. Thus, empirical evidence can serve scholars, business policymakers, and professionals of corporate finance in managing their working capital strategically.
Design and Simulation of Muon Detector using Wavelength-Shifting Fiber Readout for Border Security
Authors: Georgadze Anzori Sh.
Published: January 2025

Cosmic ray muon tomography is a promising method for the non-invasive inspection of shipping containers and trucks. It leverages the highly penetrating cosmic muons and their interactions with various materials to generate three-dimensional images of large and dense objects, such as inter-modal shipping containers, which are typically opaque to conventional X-ray radiography techniques. One of the key tasks of customs and border security is verifying shipping container declarations to prevent illegal trafficking, and muon tomography offers a viable solution for this purpose. Common imaging methods using muons rely on data analysis of either muon scattering or absorption-transmission. We have designed a compact muon tomography system with dimensions of 3 × 3 × 3 m3, consisting of 2-D position-sensitive detectors. These detectors include plastic scintillators, wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers, and SiPMs. Through light transport modeling with GEANT4, we demonstrated that the proposed detector design—featuring 1 m × 1 m scintillator plates with 2 mm2 square-shaped WLS fibers—can achieve a spatial resolution of approximately 0.7-1.0 mm. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we show that a combined analysis of muon scattering and absorption data enables prompt identification of cargo materials. In a smuggling scenario where tobacco is declared as paper towel rolls, the combined analysis accurately distinguishes between tobacco and paper towel rolls with 3 σ confidence at 1 mm spatial resolution, within a short scanning time of 40 seconds for the entire 20-foot shipping container.
Quantum Relativity (Impact of Hamiltonian Energy with Space-Time 3)
Authors: Ismail Ahmed Mohamed , Mohamed Samira Ezzat
Published: January 2025

This research answers the knowledge gap regarding the explanation of the quantum jump of the electron. This scientific paper aims to complete Einstein’s research regarding general relativity and attempt to link general relativity to quantum laws.
Strategies for the Modulation of Mitochondrial Metabolism and Activity in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Valverde-Guillén Piedad , Medina Miguel Angel , Mari-Beffa Manuel , García-Díaz Beatriz , Bernal Manuel
Published: January 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases are currently raising their prevalences and new preclinical low-cost investigations of drug design are urging. This systematic review extensively overviews strategies that use zebrafish assays to investigate modulations of mitochondrial function as new therapies against these diseases. The review was performed following an electronic search of different databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science) after the PRISMA procedure. Articles published in the English language were identified and screened based on the keywords used: mitochondrial metabolism, therapy, neurodegenerative diseases and zebrafish. Following 176 entries, exclusion criteria reduced the record to 34 final studies. These studies investigate 24 natural, 6 semisynthetic, 5 synthetic and 2 compounds of not-determined origin to ameliorate 9 prevalent diseases: ARSACS, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases, Leigh and Wolfram syndromes, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Limb – girdle muscular dystrophy 2G and hyperglycemia-associated amnesia. Most studies, 22, are focused on potential therapies against Parkinson´s disease that modulate mitochondrial activity in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response (4 cases), ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy and receptor-mediated mitophagy (5 cases), or iNOS/NO pathway (1 cases) among others. To conclude, zebrafish have become an effective model for screening potential drugs for neurodegenerative diseases with symptomatology difficult to replicate in rodent models.
Innovative Bioreactor Technologies for Advanced Cell Therapy Manufacturing
Authors: Ganeeva Irina , Bulatov Emil
Published: January 2025

Bioreactors are essential for the scalable production of cell-based therapies, providing controlled environments necessary for the expansion and differentiation of therapeutic cells. As demand grows for advanced treatments like CAR-T cells, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and regenerative medicine, the development of cost-effective manufacturing systems that comply with stringent quality standards has become a key focus. This review explores the integration of emerging technologies such as microfluidic bioreactors, automation, and quality-by-design (QbD) frameworks in optimizing the production of CAR-T cells. It highlights recent innovations in process scalability, control, and optimization, underscoring the potential for next-generation bioreactors to revolutionize cell therapy manufacturing. By improving efficiency, consistency, and quality, these technologies are poised to play a pivotal role in advancing personalized and precision medicine.
Testing the Fusion of Sentinel-2 and Planet-Nicfi Mosaics for Land Cover Classification in a Heterogeneous African Savannah
Authors: Awuah Kwame , Aplin Paul , Powell Ian , Smith Izak
Published: January 2025

Accurate vegetation mapping is essential to enhance understanding of important ecosystem processes such as fire behaviour, nutrient cycling, plant community composition and mega-herbivore population dynamics in African savannahs.The inherent heterogeneity of savannah landscapes however creates significant challenges for accurate discrimination of vegetation components. Recent studies based on the use of optical remote sensing data favour very high spatial resolution (VHR) multi-spectral imagery for dealing with this challenge. However, such data are costly for use in operational management. Planet Labs, through Norway’s International Climate and Forests Initiative (NICFI) in partnership with Kongsberger Satellite Services (KSAT) and Airbus, now grant free access to high-resolution, analysis-ready mosaics of Planet imagery over the tropics, with great potential for fine-scale vegetation mapping. However, the spectral characteristics of these data are limited, with little knowledge of their ability to resolve the spectral similarity of heterogeneous savannah vegetation components. In parallel, Sentinel-2 samples a relatively high number of spectral bands, but has relatively coarse spatial resolution for dealing with the high spatial heterogeneity in African savannah landscapes. We test the hypothesis that fusing Sentinel-2 with Planet imagery leverages their spectral and spatial advantages to enhance accurate discrimination of savannah vegetation types. To achieve this, Principal Component and Gram-Schmidt transformations were compared for image fusion via pan-sharpening, where the Gram-Schmidt approach proved superior. Using this approach, we fused Sentinel-2 and Planet images and compared the three datasets (i.e. Sentinel-2, Planet and Fused images) augmented with two spectral indices and three Haralick texture features in a multi-layer perceptron neural network classification within a test site in the Lower Sabie region of Kruger National Park, South Africa. Overall, the Fused image achieved the best and most precise classification accuracy metrics (weighted F-score: 0.87±0.012) compared to Sentinel-2 (weighted F-score: 0.85±0.034) and Planet imagery (weighted F-score: 0.85±0.017). A comparison of classifications showed loss in spatial detail when using Sentinel-2 (at 10 meters spatial resolution), yet similar thematic details for vegetation classes across all three datasets. Our findings highlight the utility of Sentinel-2 and the Planet-NICFI mosaics in a heterogeneous savannah landscape, while setting a foundation for cost-effective and accurate high spatial resolution monitoring of savannah ecosystem.
Functional Language Logic
Authors: Manca Vincenzo
Published: January 2025

The formalism of Functional Language Logic (FLL) is presented, which is an extension of the logical formalism introduced in "Information MDPI" (15, 1, 64, 2024) for representing sentences in natural languages. In the FLL framework, a sentence is represented by aggregating primitive predicates corresponding to words of a fixed language (English in the given examples). The FLL formalism constitutes a bridge between mathematical logic (high-order predicate logic) and classical logical analysis of discourse, rooted in the Western linguistic tradition. Namely, FLL representations reformulate on a rigorous logical basis many fundamental classical concepts (complementation, modification, determination, distribution, \ldots), becoming, at the same time, a natural way of introducing mathematical logic through natural language representations, where the logic of linguistic phenomena is analyzed independently from the single syntactical and semantical choices of particular languages. In FLL, twenty logical operators express the mechanisms of logical aggregation underlying meaning constructions. The relevance of FLL in Chatbot interaction is considered, and the relationship between embedding vectors of LLM (Large Language Models) transformers and FLL representations is outlined.
Behavior Changes for Smokers and Betel Quid Chewers Participating in the Organized Oral Mucosal Screening between 2010 and 2021 in Taiwan
Authors: Munpolsri Pattaranan , Chen Sam Li-Sheng , Yen Amy Ming-Fang
Published: January 2025

Objective: To investigate the likelihood of smoking and betel quid chewing behavior changes, as well as the associated factors, among subjects in a nationwide oral cancer screening program in Taiwan, where oral cancer is the fourth leading malignancy in men. Methods: The Taiwanese Oral Cancer Screening Program targets smokers and betel quid chewers over the age of 30. Between 2010 and 2021, 2,578,245 individuals participated in the program at least twice. During each visit, the central data monitoring center collected information on gender, age, education level, smoking and betel quid chewing habits, the quantities consumed, and diagnoses of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cancer. A three-state Markov chain exponential regression model was employed to assess the probabilities of behavior change—deterioration, maintenance, or improvement—and the factors influencing these changes. Results: The largest proportion of both smokers and betel quid chewers remained unchanged in the repeated attendees. The smoking cessation transition result was less than 10%, whereas the reduction in dosage exceeded 20%. However, the discontinuation of betel quid chewing was observed in more than 20% of individuals in the low-dose group, and there was also a reduction in dosage of more than 20%. The positive OPMD caused the progression of Net Force Progression (NFP) from an initial stage of none, as well as NFP between low and high doses of both smoking and betel quid chewing. Higher levels of education, residing in urban areas, and receiving screenings in big hospitals help to avoid the progressive NFP between low and high doses of smoking. Additionally, these factors also help to prevent the development of NFP from an initial stage of none, as well as the progressive NFP between low and high doses of betel quid chewing. Conclusion: Participation in an Oral Cancer Screening program can effectively enhance hazardous oral behaviors including smoking and betel quid chewing. Although it may not have a substantial effect on smoking cessation, it can decrease the daily consumption of cigarettes. The approach demonstrates encouraging outcomes in encouraging individuals to quit betel quid chewing and decrease their daily consumption. Higher levels of education, urban residency, and receiving screenings at large hospitals all have a good impact on reducing dangerous oral cancer behaviors.
Life Cycle Carbon Emissions Savings of Replacing Concrete with Recycled Polycarbonate and Sand Composite
Authors: Roy Riya , Mottaghi Maryam , Woods Morgan , Pearce Joshua M.
Published: January 2025

Recent work demonstrated 50:50 sand-recycled polycarbonate (rPC) composites have an average compressive strength of 71MPa, which dramatically exceeds the average offered by commercial concrete (23.3-30.2MPa). Due to the promising technical viability of replacing carbon-intensive concrete with recycled sand plastic composites, this study analyzes the cradle-to-gate environmental impacts with a life cycle assessment (LCA). 50:50 sand-to-plastic composites at different sample sizes were fabricated and the electricity consumption monitored. Cumulative energy demand and IPCC global warming potential 100a were evaluated to quantify energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission associated with sand-plastic brick and two types of concrete, spanning the lifecycle from raw materials extraction to use phase. The results showed that at small sizes using Ontario grid electricity, the composites are more carbon intensive than concrete, but as samples increase to standard brick scale rPC composite bricks demonstrate significantly lower environmental impact, emitting 96% less CO₂/cm³ than sand-virgin PC(vPC) composite, 45% less than ordinary concrete, and 54% less than frost-resistant concrete. Energy sourcing has a significant influence on emissions. Sand-rPC composite achieves a 67%-98% lower carbon footprint compared to sand-vPC composite and a 3%-98% reduction compared to both types of concrete in different production rate. Recycling global polycarbonate production for use in sand-rPC composite although small compared to the total market could annually displace approximately 26 Mt of concrete, saving of 4.5-5.4 Mt of CO₂ emissions. The results showed twin problems of carbon emissions form concrete and poor plastic recycling could be partially solved with sand-rPC building material composites to replace concrete.
Are Mitochondria a Target for Treating β-Thalassemia?
Authors: Di Pierro Elena , Di Stefano Valeria , Migone De Amicis Margherita , Graziadei Giovanna
Published: January 2025

The inherited genetic disorder β-thalassemia affects the hematopoietic system and is caused by low production or absence of adult hemoglobin (HbA). Ineffective erythropoiesis is the hallmark of β-thalassemia pathophysiology and is characterized by an erythropoietin-driven substantial increase in erythroblast proliferation, coupled with an increase in late-stage precursor apoptosis, which results in low levels of circulating mature red blood cells (RBCs) and chronic anemia. Mitochondrial dysfunction commonly occurs in these cells because of the increased demand for energy production and the need to manage abnormal hemoglobin chain synthesis. Moreover, several studies have highlighted the importance of gradual mitochondrial clearance for mature erythroid cell production. In this review, we presented the available information on the role of mitochondria in vital cellular processes, which makes them promising pharmacological targets for maintaining the health and function of RBCs.
Comparative Study of Two Root Coverage Procedures on Lower Anterior Teeth Using Partially De-Epithelialized Connective Tissue Graft (PE-CTG) Aided by a High-Speed HandPiece: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Goo Min-Young , Lee Seung-Kyu , Kim Kyung-Min , Lee Won-Pyo
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare two different root coverages on the lower anterior teeth using a partially de-epithelialized connective tissue graft (PE-CTG). Materials and Methods: This study included 18 patients (20 teeth) with lower anterior tooth recession. In the tPECTG group (7 patients, 8 teeth), the recipient site was prepared with supraperiosteal tunneling. In the vPECTG group (11 patients, 12 teeth), the recipient site was prepared using the vestibular incision subperiosteal tunnel access technique. In both groups, partially de-epithelialized connective tissue was harvested from the hard palate using a high-speed handpiece diamond bur. The change in root coverage was evaluated based on vertical recession and keratinized tissue (KT) values before surgery and 6 months after surgery. Results: 18 patients (20 teeth) have been treated with two different root coverage techniques, with a mean root coverage of 89.01% and the gain of KT of 3.48±1.37 mm. The mean root coverage was 87.85% and 89.78% in the tPECTG and vPECTG groups, respectively. The gain of KT was 3.94 ± 1.74 mm in the tPECTG group and 3.17 ±1.03 mm in the vPECTG group. No significant differences were found between the two groups for either parameter (P>0.05). Within the limitations of this retrospective case series, vPECTG was as effective as tPECTG but easier. Moreover, in both groups, the keratinized gingival width increased, and the mucogingival junction was maintained.
Research-Induced Distress Among Qualitative Researchers Who Engage in Research on Child Maltreatment: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Risk and Resilience
Authors: Valjee Sachet R. , Collings Steven J. , Rowlett Denise
Published: January 2025

We aimed to review and synthesize the literature on risk and resilience factors for research-induced distress (RID) among qualitative child abuse researchers, with the review being guided by the Lippencott-Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for qualitative reviews. . We searched Scopus, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and ProQuest, with two researchers independently reviewing title/abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion, and with additional articles being sought using citation searches of identified articles and through a perusal of articles in key child abuse and qualitative research journals. We synthesized 30 unique studies, with this synthesis revealing that risk and salutary factors for RID outcomes emanate from all levels of the research ecology and, consequently, that optimal strategies for the primary and secondary prevention of RID could profitably adopt a multi-systemic perspective. Findings from this review provide child abuse researchers and members of academia with a detailed and systematic overview of potential threats and salutary influences for RID that could be used to (1) inform the development of comprehensive pre-research (and ongoing) training programmes for researchers, and (2) guide the development of secondary prevention programmes designed to mitigate RID outcomes. With respect to future research, this review suggests that the focus of research could usefully be extended in order to: (1) provide a more comprehensive perspective on the experiences of researchers living in low- to middle-income countries, and (2) ensure that children’s rights to be heard, and to participate in research on matters that affect them, are more comprehensively addressed.
Predominance Preferential Selection for Minimizing Surplus Parts in the Selective Assembly of a Flow Production System
Authors: Shin Kanghyeon , Son Hyobin , Jin Kyohong
Published: January 2025

We propose the predominance preferential selection (PPS) algorithm as a successor to the densi-ty-based prioritization (DBP) approach to improve the quality and computational efficiency of selective assembly processes. The PPS algorithm achieves significant performance improvement by sorting components within slots according to their dimensional similarities and grouping them to assign search priorities. Additionally, it reduces the computational time using a narrowed search space and improves the management of surplus parts by maintaining dimensional diversity within the slots. In this study, we test the PPS algorithm using real process data obtained from a precision bearing manufacturer and demonstrate its efficiency in improving matching rates while maintaining statistical reliability. Additionally, by making minimal modifications, we demon-strate its adaptability to multiple-slot row structures in a wide range of applications. Although the process capability indices exhibited a slight decrease, the overall efficiency and matching rate improvement were evident.
A VCG-Based Multiepitope Chlamydia Vaccine Incorporating the Cholera Toxin A1 Subunit (MECA) Confers Protective Immunity Against Transcervical Challenge
Authors: Medhavi Fnu , Tanner Tayhlor , Richardson Shakyra , Lundy Stephanie , Omosun Yusuf O. , Eko Francis O
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: We generated a novel recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghost (rVCG)-based subunit vaccine incorporating the A1 subunit of cholera toxin (CTA1) and a multiepitope Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) antigen (MECA) derived from five chlamydial outer membrane proteins (rVCG-MECA). The ability of this vaccine to protect against a CT transcervical challenge was evaluated. Methods: Female C57BL/6J mice were immunized and boosted twice two weeks apart with rVCG-MECA or rVCG-gD2 (antigen control) via the intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) route. Naïve mice or mice immunized IN with live CT served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Results: Vaccine delivery stimulated robust humoral and cell-mediated immune effectors, characterized by local mucosal and systemic antigen-specific IgG, IgG2c and IgA antibody and IFN-γ (Th1 cytokine) responses. The IgG2c and IgA antibody responses elicited in both serum and vaginal secretions persisted for 112 days postimmunization. Immunization with rVCG-MECA afforded levels of protective immunity comparable to that provided by IN immunization with live CT EBs without any side effects, irrespective of route of vaccine delivery. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of a multiepitope vaccine as a promising resource for protecting against CT genital infection and the potential of CTA1 on the VCG platform as a mucosal and systemic adjuvant for developing CT vaccines.
Impact of Digital Payment System on SMEs Productivity: A study on Small Businesses in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbari Mercy , John Nsikan Efiok , Tunmise Ayodele , Amaihian Augusta , Arasomwan John
Published: January 2025

Small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) are critical to promoting innovation and economic growth in today's dynamic and linked world. However, SMEs frequently struggle to understand the intricacies of conventional payment methods, which can reduce their competitiveness and production. The emergence of digital payment systems has been a game-changer for SMEs, providing them with numerous advantages that can greatly improve their overall productivity and operational efficiency. The objective of this study is investigating the impact digital payment system has on SMEs productivity. The descriptive survey methodology was used, and the quantitative method of research was applied through questionnaires for closed-ended questions. The descriptive survey research would comprehensively and accurately examine the link across each variable (digital payment systems and SME profitability) throughout the study. A survey was administered to a sample size of two hundred (200) and all copies of the questionnaire were disseminated to randomly selected respondents but one hundred and seventy-one (171) were returned. Three hypotheses were produced and formulated in order to achieve the study objectives and all three hypotheses tested were accepted. The results of the hypotheses go as thus; T= 6.041, P= .001b, T=6.031, P= .001b, T= 5.372, P= .001b. The analysed data finds that that digital payment systems have an effect on SMEs productivity. The study recommends that Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) should choose a digital payment system that is appropriate for their needs and operations. Consider considerations such as usability, compatibility with existing systems, security features, and cost-effectiveness.
Prevalence and Types of Hospital-Acquired Infections in ICU Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Jadezwani Sange , Businge Charles B , Abaver Dominic Targema
Published: January 2025

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a critical challenge in intensive care units (ICUs), contributing to significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence, types, and risk factors for HAIs among 113 ICU patients at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital, Mthatha, South Africa, admitted between January 2020 and December 2022. Patients included were hospitalized for more than 48 hours. Data analyzed encompassed demographics, ICU stay duration, HAI types, microorganisms, invasive device use, comorbidities, and outcomes. The cohort's median age was 33 years, with 61.1% having chronic illnesses. The ICU mortality rate was 26.5%. All patients had urinary catheters, and 53.1% used multiple invasive devices, including mechanical ventilation and central lines. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) was the most common HAI, followed by surgical site infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and central line-associated bloodstream infection. The Acinetobacter baumannii complex was the predominant pathogen. Logistic regression revealed intravenous central lines as a significant risk factor for HAIs, with CAUTI strongly linked to ICU mortality (p < 0.001). These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted infection prevention strategies, focusing on invasive medical device management to reduce HAI prevalence and associated mortality in ICU settings.
New Perspectives on Food Security Measurement Tools: A Critical Analysis of Contemporary Methods and Global Trends
Authors: Horesh Edward
Published: January 2025

This article examines the contemporary methodologies and effectiveness of food security measurement tools developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, with particular emphasis on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale, Global Food Security Index, and Integrated Food Security Phase Classification. Through analysis of global trends and measurement approaches, the research reveals that whilst global undernourishment decreased from 12% to 9.2% between 2004-06 and 2020-22, moderate to severe food insecurity increased from 21.9% to 29.5%. The study demonstrates significant regional variations, with Africa experiencing the highest prevalence of food insecurity (58.9%) and Europe maintaining the lowest levels (<2.5%). In India, despite a reduction in undernourishment from 21.4% to 16.6%, severe food insecurity increased markedly from 15.4% to 22.72%. The analysis identifies strengths and limitations of current measurement tools, noting FIES's cost-effectiveness but potential cultural bias, GFSI's comprehensive scope but reliance on secondary data, and IPC's multi-dimensional approach but resource-intensive implementation. The research concludes by proposing methodological improvements, including the integration of qualitative and quantitative data, enhanced localised assessments, and the incorporation of remote sensing technologies to strengthen the precision and reliability of food security measurements globally.
GreenComp-Based Questionnaire (GCQuest): Questionnaire Development and Validation
Authors: Ferreira-Santos João , Marques Margarida Morais , Pombo Lúcia
Published: January 2025

In an era of urgent need of sustainability, initiatives aimed at developing competences for sustainability need assessment tools to effectively support understanding on their impact. This work presents the creation process of a questionnaire to assess the GreenComp framework competences “Valuing Sustainability”, “Supporting fairness”, and “Promoting nature”. After a literature review on research about sustainability competencies and its data collection tools, it was developed a questionnaire using a mixed-methods study design concerning three phases. From this research resulted a versatile tool that has been specifically crafted for extensive use in the realm of sustainability education research, although easily applied in a wide range of research, educational, and training contexts.
Emerging Insights into Sall4's Role in Cardiac Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Yang Jianchang
Published: January 2025

Sall4 as a pivotal transcription factor has been extensively studied across diverse bio-logical processes, including stem cell biology, embryonic development, hematopoiesis, tissue stem/progenitor maintenance, and the progression of various cancers. Recent re-search highlights Sall4's emerging roles in modulating cardiac progenitors and cellular reprogramming, linking its functions to early heart development and regenerative med-icine. These findings provide new insights into the critical functions of Sall4 in cardio-biology. This review explores Sall4's complex molecular mechanisms and their implications for advancing cardiac regenerative medicine.
Nanotechnological formulation Incorporating Pectis brevipedunculata (Asteraceae) Essential Oil: An Ecofriendly Approach for Leishmanicidal and Anti-Inflammatory Therapy
Authors: Gonçalves Renato Sonchini , Marques Estela Mesquita , Santos Andrade Lucas George , Rebelo Alencar Luciana Magalhães , Dias Rates Erick Rafael , Ribeiro Rachel Melo , Carvalho Rafael Cardoso , De Souza Nunes Glécilla Colombelli , Sara Lopes Lera-Nonose Daniele Stéfanie , Gonçalves Maria Julia Schiavon , Lonardoni Maria Valdrinez Campana , Souza Melissa Pires , Costa Emmanoel Vilaça
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania amazonensis is a significant public health issue. This study aimed to evaluate an eco-friendly, thermosensitive nanogel, developed using a low-energy, solvent-free method, incorporating F127 and Carbopol 974P copolymers, and enriched with Pectis brevipedunculata essential oil (EOPb) for its leishmanicidal and anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: The nanogel was prepared and characterized through FTIR, DLS, SEM, and AFM to confirm the incorporation of EOPb, stability and rheological properties. In vitro leishmanicidal activity was evaluated on Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes, and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects were assessed using a rat paw edema model. Results: In vitro, nGF3 (EOPb-loaded nanogel) demonstrated significant leishmanicidal activity, with promastigote mortality rates exceeding 80% at 24 h and 90% at 48 h. In vivo, nGF1, nGF2, and nGF3 exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, with nGF2 and nGF3 reducing edema by 62.7% at 2 h post-treatment. The empty nanogel (nGF0) showed minimal anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusions: The eco-friendly EOPb-loaded nanogel (nGF3) demonstrated strong leishmanicidal and anti-inflammatory effects, presenting a promising candidate for cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment. Further studies are necessary to explore its clinical potential.
Powering Down Hospitality Through a Policy-Driven, Case-Based and Scenario Approach
Authors: Menegaki Angeliki N
Published: January 2025

The hospitality sector is a substantial energy consumer, driven by the demands of heating, cooling, lighting and guest amenities. This study explores energy consumption patterns across different hotel types, highlighting luxury hotels higher usage compared to mid-range and budget establishments. Key energy drivers include HVAC systems, lighting and hot water. Legislative frameworks, such as the Paris Agreement, the Sustainable Development Goals and European Union directives, set ambitious energy efficiency and emissions targets for the sector. Through case studies on Marriott, Hilton and Hotel Verde, the study demonstrates effective energy-saving practices, including LED lighting, smart HVAC systems and renewable energy integration, which can reduce energy use by 10-20%. The findings show the dual benefits of these measures, which enhance environmental sustainability and reduce operational costs. By adopting these practices, hotels can align with evolving regulatory standards and cater to the growing demand for eco-friendly accommodations.
The Influence of the ACTN3 R577X Genotype on Performance in National-Level Decathlon Athletes
Authors: Nunes Jose Ricardo de Assis , Ceylan Halil Ibrahim , de Almeida-Neto Paulo Francisco , Murawska-Cialowicz Eugenia , Bragazzi Nicola Luigi , Assis Gilmara Gomes de
Published: January 2025

Background: Decathlon is a multimodality sport that requires the combination of endurance, strength, speed, and agility. A polymorphism present in the gene encoding for the protein alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) potentially influences sports performance, since αalpha-actinin-3 is a structural component of skeletal muscle that contributes to muscle contraction effectiveness. Aim: To investigate whether the presence of the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism is associated to Decathlon athletes’ performance in the different modalities of Decathlon. Methods: Thirty-one male athletes from the Brazilian national federation of Decathlon aged between 18 and 50 years were genotyped for the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The athletes' latest Decathlon performances were recorded over ten competitions. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was verified. Pearson's correlation coefficient was utilized to assess the relationship between the obtained sports performance (score) by event and by sets of events (speed events, jumps, and throws) with significance considered at p < 0.05. Results: Strong and significant correlations were identified between the speed events, the jumping, and the launching performances. The frequencies of 51.6%, 48.4%, and 0% for R577R, R577X, and R577R genotypes, respectively, revealed a greater presence of the 577R allele (p < 0.01) among the athletes. However, no significant differences in sports performance (score) were observed between the genotype groups (R577R vs. R577X). Conclusion: Our results support the importance of the ACTN3 genotype, specifically, the presence of the 577R allele, as one of the contributive factors for athletes’ performance in modalities that involve muscle strength, power, and speed.