bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diet and Body Weight Dynamics in the Spotted Seal, Phoca largha (Pallas, 1811), Kept in Sea Pens
Authors: Basaraba A. D. , Esipova P. V. , Scherbakova E. A. , Katin I. O.
Published: November 2024

Nutritious diet is one of the most important factors in the successful management of captive animals. Basic methods for selecting diets for marine mammals have been described in the literature, yet methods developed for certain marine mammal species kept under specific conditions are quite rare. The diets of three male and two female spotted seals, Phoca largha Pallas, 1811, kept in sea pens at the Primorsky Aquarium, Branch of the NSCMB FEB RAS (Vladivostok, Russia), are discussed in the article. The diets have been formulated based on the natural biological processes of this species in the wild. Information on them has been obtained from our own observations and from literature sources. Based on individual needs, adjustments have been made to the diets of the spotted seals, including pregnant and lactating females. The main food items of the spotted seal were Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, Atka mackerel, Pleurogrammus monopterygius, commander squid, Berryteuthis magister, pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, char, Salvelinus sp., capelin, Mallotus villosus, and shrimp, Pandalus sp. It has been found that the physiological condition of the animals (molting, reproductive status, sex, and age) directly influences the qualitative and quantitative parameters of food intake. The diet and body weight of the spotted seals were significantly influenced by seasonal changes (water and air temperature and natural biological rhythms). The obtained data can be used for selection of optimal feeding of P. largha.
Application of Test Battery for Assessing the Toxicity of Marine Sediments in Vostok Bay (Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan)
Authors: Zhuravel E. V. , Mazur M. A. , Abdrakhmanova O. T. , Tunina M. A.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of a toxicity assessment of marine sediments from Vostok Bay based on responses of three testing organisms: the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bohlin, 1897), nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina (Linnaeus, 1758), and embryos and larvae of the sand dollar Scaphechinus mirabilis (Agassiz, 1864). The A. salina nauplii survival test has proven to be the least sensitive, showing a weak response in only two samples. The results of the experiments using microalgae cells and sand dollar larvae correlated both with each other and with long-term environmental monitoring data, thus, confirming the high degree of sediment toxicity off the western coast of the bay (Gaydamak and Srednyaya coves).
Metabolism Variations in the Bivalve Mollusk Anadara kagoshimensis Tokunaga, 1906 (Bivalvia: Arcidae) under Upwelling Conditions in the Black Sea (Experimental Data)
Authors: Vialova O. Yu.
Published: November 2024

Studies of the energy metabolism in a bivalve mollusk, the ark clam Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906), were carried out for the first time under experimental conditions simulating dynamic variations in the seawater characteristics at the stages of development and end of upwelling event in the Black Sea. It was shown that the level of energy metabolism of A. kagoshimensis, while being in the zone of upwelling formation, reduced, on average, by 5% per degree of temperature decrease. During the upwelling relaxation phase (14→26°C), the restoration of the respiration intensity parameters of the clam was slower than expected, with a temperature coefficient Q10 = 1.31. The acidification of the seawater by 1.0 (up to рН 7.2), combined with a temperature decrease (26→20°C), aggravated the negative effect by 25–45%. It has been found that the clam A. kagoshimensis reduces energy expenditure by approximately 60% under upwelling conditions (cold stress and acidification). Consequences of the negative effect of a sharp temperature variation lead to a delay in the metabolism recovery to normal values.
А Checklist of Macroalgae from Unskaya Inlet, White Sea
Authors: Mikhaylova T. A. , Khalaman V. V. , Futoran P. A. , Usov N. V. , Aristov D. A. , Vishnyakov V. S. , Romanov R. E.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of a study of the macroalgal flora in Unskaya Inlet (White Sea) that was carried out in 2022–2023. The checklist of macrophytes, summarized from original and literature data, comprises 94 species: Chlorophyta, 26; Rhodophyta, 34; Phaeophyceae, 30; Xanthophyceae, 2; Charophyceae, 1; and Cyanophyta, 1. Of these, 46 species are new to the region, 4 new to the White Sea, and 2 new to the flora of Russia. From the offshore part to the head of Unskaya Inlet, the coastal surface runoff leads to significant freshening and increased turbidity of water, thus, causing a sharp depletion of the species composition of algae.
Cell Number Dynamics, Chlorophyll а Fluorescence Intensity, and Photosynthetic Pigment Content in Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii Cleve 1873 (Bacillariophyta) Exposed to Environmental Copper Pollution
Authors: Markina Zh. V. , Podoba A. V. , Orlova T. Yu.
Published: November 2024

The effect of copper at concentrations of 10, 20, and 50 µg/L on population growth, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoids) of the diatom Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii was studied. It was shown that at metal concentrations of 10 and 20 µg/L, the cell number started to increase from the first days of the experiment and, by the end of the experiment, exceeded that in the control group 5.8- and 5.6-fold, respectively. The intensity of chlorophyll a fluorescence and the content of photosynthetic pigments under these conditions were higher than in control throughout the experiment. At a metal concentration of 50 µg/L, the growth of the cell population was inhibited at the beginning of the experiment; by the end of the experiment, the cell number exceeded that in control. The same pattern was recorded for the other parameter, too. Based on the obtained data, it is hypothesized that copper at the studied concentrations may contribute to the proliferation of T. nordenskioeldii in the natural environment.3
Сoncentration Polarization in Membrane Systems
Authors: Apel P. Yu. , Biesheuvel P. M. , Bobreshova O. V. , Borisov I. L. , Vasil’eva V. I. , Volkov V. V. , Grushevenko E. A. , Nikonenko V. V. , Parshina A. V. , Pismenskaya N. D. , Ryzhkov I. I. , Sharafan M. V. , Yaroslavtsev A. B.
Published: November 2024

Concentration polarization (CP) in membrane systems is understood as the phenomenon of the emergence of concentration gradients in a solution near the membrane surface, which is a result of the selective transfer of certain components of the solution through the membrane under the influence of transmembrane driving forces. CP accompanies all types of membrane processes. It affects transfer conditions and reduces the efficiency of separation processes: in most cases, there is a decrease in the overall transfer rate and an increase in energy consumption, as well as a loss of permselectivity. This review examines the general patterns and features of the CP phenomenon in the processes of electrodialysis, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, pervaporation, as well as in membrane sensor systems and fuel cells. The fundamental principles of the CP phenomenon and experimental methods for its study are considered.
Characterization of New Experimental Materials for Hemodialysis Membranes and Simulation of Urea Dialysis Process with Their Use
Authors: Kozmai A. E. , Porozhnyy M. V. , Gil V. V. , Lopatin D. S. , Rodichenko A. V. , Voroshilov I. V. , Nikonenko V. V.
Published: November 2024

The acute shortage of hemodialysis cartridges in Russia, caused by restrictions imposed by the European Union on the supply of high-tech equipment, has led to the nessesity for the production of domestic inexpensive and effective membranes for hemodialysis. In this work, experimental membranes based on polysulfone were obtained and their characterization was carried out. The influence of the blowing agent (polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone) on the structure and transport properties of the obtained membranes was compared. A non-steady state one-dimensional mathematical model of urea dialysis is proposed. A special feature of the model is the accounting the membrane microheterogeneous structure. A comparison of the modeling results with experimental data on the urea concentration time dependences in the dialysate compartment of the dialysis system allows us to conclude that the model adequately describes the system under study. A theoretical assessment of the obtained membrane material efficiency under conditions corresponding to the hemodialysis process, as well as a comparison of urea removal performance with Nephral ST hemodialysis cartridges from Baxter (a company widely represented on the world market) was carried out. It was shown that a polysulfone-based membrane obtained using polyvinylpyrrolidone demonstrates results slightly inferior to those of commercially produced cartridges, which indicates its promise for the production of hollow fiber membranes for hemodialysis cartridges.
Modification of Track-Etched Polyethylene Terephthalate Membranes with Functionalized Silanes for Immobilizing Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Fadeikina I. N. , Andreev E. V. , Grin K. N. , Nechaev A. N.
Published: November 2024

The present study is dedicated to obtain hybrid polyethylene terephthalate track membranes. For this purpose, the modification of track-etched membranes was performed with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane using additional cross-linking groups based on hydrated forms of aluminum salts and silver nanoparticles were immobilised. The resulting track membranes were studied using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Zeta-potential of samples’ surface on each modification step was determined. The presence of silver nanoparticles on track membranes surface was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering using 4-aminothiophenol. The proposed approach allows to create surfaces to concentrate selectively compounds with further detection by surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Building mutual motivation and collaborating to overcome the water crisis
Authors: Nurjaya Muhammad , Anwar
Published: November 2024

Clean water is one of Indonesia's main problems, particularly at the village level. The Pansimas program, facilitated by the central government, has become the primary plan to solve the problem. The central government targets 100% complete filled to the need for clean water throughout the territories. This article deals with the dynamic of the Pamsimas program's process to overcome such a problem from the grassroots level. This study was conducted at Borikamase Village, Maros Regency. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with twelve informants from various backgrounds (village head, government officials, partnership community, facilitators, non-governmental organization, public figure, religious leader, and targetted community). The study indicates that it is complicated to get clean water in Borikamase. The limitation of clean water in the village resulted in high community protection of their village's water source from outsiders. Therefore, water sources are locally termed bulaeng je'ne (golden water), which means that clean water is considered highly valued. However, It is challenging to overcome the crisis of clean water in the village because of the lack of mutual motivation among community members. This mutual motivation consists of mutual trust, mutual understanding, mutual recognition, and commitment. Therefore, it needs to strengthen the collaboration between the government and the community being targeted to the program to solve the need for clean water.
Residual stresses caused by static and dynamic contact interaction of composite plate and steel spherical indenter
Authors: Eleonsky Sviatoslav , Pisarev Vladimir
Published: November 2024

A new approach has been developed and implemented to determine the main components of residual stresses that arise as a result of the contact interaction of a spherical indenter and a flat surface of composite plate made. The experimental technique includes drilling a probe hole and measuring the increments of the diameters of this hole in the direction of the principal residual deformations by speckle interferometry. The high-quality interference fringe patterns essential for the implementation of this procedure are visualized both inside and outside the contact dimple. Data from interference measurements of in-plane displacement components are used to determine the principal components of residual stresses based on the unequivocally solution to the properly posed inverse problem. This procedure provides minimal possible errors inherent in a determination of residual stress components by measurements of local deformation response to small hole drilling in orthotropic plate. The presented studies were carried out both for static and dynamic application of contact indentation of a spherical indenter into a flat surface of samples made of laminated carbon fiber material with cross-ply stacking sequence. It is shown that the values of residual stresses, unlike indirect parameters, are a parameter that can be used to establish a correlation between the results of residual strength tests and the quantitative characteristics of the residual stress field in the vicinity of the contact dimple.
Optimization challenges of resources in it outsourcing companies in uncertain
market conditions
Authors: Kryvoruchko Olena , Tsiutsiura Mykola , Tretyakov Daniil
Published: November 2024

The introduction of computer networks can significantly speed up the execution of
information processes, as well as increase the efficiency of distribution and use of
hardware, software and information resources. In a network, different computers perform
different functions. Computers that give other computers access to their resources and
manage the distribution of network resources are called servers. Those computers that
use the servers' resources are known as clients. The article is devoted to the study of
the important issue of the selection and use of tools for the order of server
administration, which manage and maintain the server infrastructure in the environment
of the network of computer clubs in order to determine the classification of system
server administration tools, which are necessary for effective management of servers in
computer networks. Carrying out various tasks requires making decisions about choosing
server administration tools from the many available or developing new ones for managing
and maintaining the server infrastructure, which leads the company to achieve business
goals. Difficulties with the choice of effective tools for solving tasks lie in the
competence of network administrators. This issue is especially important when it comes
to training system administrators. That is, it is necessary to achieve certain
educational goals, after achieving which the network administrator will be able to:
describe the functions of the administration center, describe the rules for the
effective use of package tools for system administration, determine the procedure for
dispatching servers; use a variety of remote server administration tools to manage
servers; apply cross-platform administration tools, apply tools for automating the
performance of individual administration tasks, etc. To solve the problem, a list of
typical groups has been defined: 1) administration of user groups; 2) administration of
security measures; 3) administration of local and global networks; 4) monitoring of
events and resources; 5) data archiving and recovery. Classes of tools for automating
system administration tasks are offered: tool packages for system administration;
cross-platform administration tools; tools for individual administration tasks.
Considerable attention in the course is given to the analysis of the classes of system
administration tools, since knowledge of system administration tools is necessary to
troubleshoot, test, communicate, and fix the systems needed to continue operation. With
the right tools, the job becomes less tedious as many tasks can be accomplished with
these system administration tools. Overall, the article provides valuable information
for system administrators looking for ways to improve their system administration skills
and knowledge and may be useful for companies looking for ways to optimize their server
infrastructure.
Option method of project management marine transport business environment in the
post-war period
Authors: Kramskyі Serhii , Yevdokimova Olga , Darushin Oleksandr , Zakharchenko Oleh
Published: November 2024

The beginning of a full-scale military invasion of russia into Ukraine caused
significant human, economic and political losses, as well as destruction of transport
infrastructure, sea transport in particular. Today, maritime transport of Ukraine is in
a turbulent business environment. Therefore, the development of transport system project
management and the dynamics of the military influence of sea transportation are prone to
significant economic fluctuations. In modern conditions, when monitoring the work
processes of international shipping companies along with the desire to maximize the
current financial indicators of the operation of these projects. Issues related to the
long-term planning of the chartering phases of the fleet of shipping companies are also
important, taking into account the economic trends of changes in the state of the
charter market and the dynamics of the military influence on the economy of Ukraine.
That is why there is a need to apply the project and program management methodology
using the option method as an example. Modern approaches to the management of logistics
and infrastructure projects in the external and internal business environment involve
the use of the method of chartering options. This method regulates the ship chartering
market and improves the system of efficiency indicators of the chartering of sea vessels
by shipping companies in the context of strategic projects in maritime transport. The
scientific novelty of the study consists in the application of the option mechanism with
the aim of time factors to freight rates operating on international freight exchanges.
The application of this optional risk-oriented project method allows ship planners to
protect against fluctuations in the ship freight market. Thus, it prevents and reduces
the economic risk of increased freight rate fluctuations for shipowners, as freight
rates are formed for a long-term perspective of 6 months to 3 years, which insures the
risks of maritime business entities.
The impact of digital transformation of communities on the initiation and planning
of social projects
Authors: Marmulyak Anna , Tryhuba Anatoliy , Malanchuk Oksana , Tryhuba Inna
Published: November 2024

The author analyzes the state of the art in the theory and practice of social
project management. It is established that the digital transformation of communities
creates prerequisites for improving the efficiency of the processes of initiating and
planning social projects. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the prerequisites
for increasing the efficiency of social project initiation and planning processes
through the digital transformation of communities and, on their basis, to analyze the
digital tools used to implement social development projects. The substantiated
prerequisites for improving the efficiency of social project initiation and planning
include 6 components, which are implemented by 9 types of digital tools. They provide
quick access to information, automate management processes, increase the effectiveness
of communication with the population of communities, and improve monitoring and
evaluation of the effectiveness of social projects. An analysis of existing digital
tools for the implementation of social projects for community development is carried
out. It is established that they have both individual advantages and limitations for use
in initiating and planning social projects. It has been proven that the use of
specialized platforms for data collection and analysis helps to increase the efficiency
of initiating and planning social projects. Also, the use of specialized platforms for
initiating and planning social projects provides better control over resource and budget
expenditures. Using the example of using open data on local initiative project
competitions held in the Lviv region in 2018-2021, the article analyzes the indicators
of implementation of social healthcare development projects in the Lviv region. These
projects were funded from the regional budget. It was found that the results obtained
are useful for project managers. Prospect for further research is the development of
tools to support management decision-making on the implementation of social projects for
community development using the proposed digital technologies.
Using RLHF to Align Speech Enhancement Approaches to Mean-Opinion Quality Scores
Authors: Kumar Anurag , Perrault Andrew , Williamson Donald S.
Published: November 2024

Objective speech quality measures are typically used to assess speech enhancement algorithms, but it has been shown that they are sub-optimal as learning objectives because they do not always align well with human subjective ratings. This misalignment often results in noticeable distortions and artifacts that cause speech enhancement to be ineffective. To address these issues, we propose a reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) framework to fine-tune an existing speech enhancement approach by optimizing performance using a mean-opinion score (MOS)-based reward model. Our results show that the RLHF-finetuned model has the best performance across different benchmarks for both objective and MOS-based speech quality assessment metrics on the Voicebank+DEMAND dataset. Through ablation studies, we show that both policy gradient loss and supervised MSE loss are important for balanced optimization across the different metrics.
A Congolese Mining Giant’s Corporate Social Responsibility Stuck Between False Pretense and Bricolage: Going Beyond a Logic of Do No Harm to Materialize Sustainable Development Still at Issue
Authors: Cogels Serge
Published: November 2024

This study critically evaluates the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives of Tenke Fungurume Mining (TFM) in the Democratic Republic of Congo, focusing on their socioeconomic impact on local communities. Using mixed methods—including a household budget survey and focus group discussions—this research examines the alignment between CSR rhetoric and its practical outcomes. Findings reveal that while TFM’s investments have led to selective and incremental benefits, they have failed to significantly improve overall livelihoods or achieve sustainable development. Discrepancies in income distribution, reliance on external supports, and misaligned stakeholder expectations highlight a gap between compensatory and developmental goals. This study underscores the persistent challenges in leveraging resource extraction for equitable and sustainable development, questioning the efficacy of current CSR frameworks. Policy implications call for rethinking CSR implementation through specialized, context-aware frameworks to enhance local engagement and long-term outcomes.
Aplikasi Metode Yanbu’a dalam Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Membaca Al – Qur’an
Authors: Zakiyatul Fakhiroh Ilmi , Shofiatun Nikmah Siti , Triristina Nensy , Qolbiyyah Shofwatal , Irfan Moh
Published: November 2024

Pembelajaran membaca Al-Qur’an siswa di TPQ Al-Amin mempunyai tingkat kesulitan yang berbeda-beda. Beberapa siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam membedakan huruf hijaiyah satu dengan lainnya dan memahami panjang pendek harokat atau tanda baca. Hal ini dikarenakan tidak optimalnya metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dan kondisi ruang kelas yang tidak kondusif terkait kapasitas jumlah siswa. Mitra kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah ustadzah di TPQ Al-Amin yang bertujuan memberikan pengarahan dalam menerapkan metode pembelajaran Yanbu’a untuk mengatasi kesulitan siswa membaca Al-Qur’an. Hasil dari kegiatan ini, para ustadzah mampu menerapkan dan mempraktekannya mulai dari persiapan rencana hingga evaluasi pemebelajaran. Melalui penambahan jadwal materi untuk mendampingi pembelajaran Al-Qur’an serta penataan tempat duduk di kelas yang lebih tertib. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah penambahan murid baru yang memerlukan ustadzah khusus untuk mendampingi dalam pembelajaran dasar Al-Qur’an.
Management of Neglected Facial Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Bayu Muhammad , Syamsudin Endang , Sylvyana Melita , Putri Farah Asnely
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Neglected fracture occurs where there has been a delay of more than 30 days. The maxillofacial fracture complex is the most common fracture in traffic accidents. The most common maxillofacial fractures are Naso-Orbito-Etmoid (NOE), Lefort fracture, Zygomatic Complex (ZMC), Palate Fracture, and Parasymphysis Fracture. Neglected fractures lead to delayed treatment, worsening conditions, and even disability.

Case: A 52-year-old male patient presents with complaints of facial bone fracture after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. CT scan examination showed: Multiple fractures of the bilateral nasal bones, interethmoidal septum, anterior walls of bilateral frontal sinuses, bilateral lamina papyracea of the ethmoid bone, anterior, medial, and lateral walls of bilateral maxillary bones all support Le Fort II. fracture, extending to bilateral dentoalveolar processes, bilateral zygomatic bones, and right mandibular parasymphysis.

Case Management: The ORIF technique was used for the upper, middle, and lower face fractures in a preferred order. The palatal reduction and fixation step was frequently the first in this sequence. When proper occlusion was achieved, it was maintained by intermaxillary fixation.

Conclusion: There was a significant result in correcting the functional, mastication, and aesthetic of the mid and lower face by using surgical management of facial fractures using ORIF.

Keywords: Facial fracture, Neglected fracture, ORIF
Ocular Side Effects of Medications for Anxiety, Depression, and Stress: A Review
Authors: Prakash Uttam , Mohammad Yasir , Kumar Vivek
Published: November 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global rise in mental health disorders, prompting increased usage of psychotropic medications. This study examines the ocular side effects associated with these medications in patients diagnosed with anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders.
Methods: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this one-year study conducted at ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Bihta, Patna. Ocular evaluations were performed to assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED), mydriasis, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and other ocular complications of psychotropic medication use.
Results: The study found that 75% of participants exhibited symptoms of dry eye disease, while 50% experienced mydriasis. Elevated intraocular pressure was observed in 15% of the patients. Additionally, 5% of participants developed acute angle-closure glaucoma, highlighting the significant ocular risks associated with psychotropic medication use.
Conclusions: The findings indicate a high prevalence of ocular side effects among patients receiving treatment for anxiety and depression with psychotropic medications. Routine ocular assessments and patient education regarding these side effects are essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research is needed to explore the long-term implications of these medications on ocular health.
Keywords: Ocular Side Effects, Psychotropic Medications, Anxiety Disorders, Depression
The Role of Glucocorticoids in Enhancing Exposure Therapy for Phobias: A Systematic Review
Authors: Golchinheydari Sirous
Published: November 2024

Phobias, a common subset of anxiety disorders, are commonly treated with psychological therapies. However, there are limits to the achievements of these therapies and in some severe or treatment-resistant cases, there are requirements for adjuncts. Glucocorticoids (GC), such as cortisol, can enhance the therapy by modulating the fear responses and facilitating the extinction of the fear memories. This systematic review (SR) examined the role of GCs as adjuncts to psychologies therapies in several phobias. A total of seven papers, eight studies met the inclusion criteria with findings that showed GCs had some effect on improvement and this was seen particularly in spider phobia. Neuroimaging data was also included and showed similar findings such as the normalisation of fear-processing networks with the use of GCs, particularly the salience network. However, the results for social phobia and acrophobia were more variable as some inconsistencies in long-term effectiveness were noted. This SR found that GCs may have potential in the treatment of phobias but further research is required to determine their efficacy, optimal dosing and long-term impact.
Preparation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Eye Drop Formulation Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Vitamin B12
Authors:   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rastegari Ali , Mohammadi Zohreh ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Faghihi Homa ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rezaei Sanaz ,   Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background Dry eye disease is a common age-related disease in the world. Vitamin B12 is an essential factor in maintaining eye health and has antioxidant properties that protect the surface of the eye from damage caused by harmful factors, such as reactive oxygen species. Hyaluronic acid polymer is also similar to natural eye tears with its biocompatibility and physical properties. This polymer is one of the important components of the extracellular matrix.
Objective Due to the lack of formulations containing the combination of vitamin B12 and hyaluronic acid in the country and the appropriate effects of these two compounds for dry eyes, this study formulates and analyzes the stability of eye drop formulation based on hyaluronic acid and vitamin B12.
Methods First, the formulation of hyaluronic acid and vitamin B12 solution with borate buffer was prepared and the stability of vitamin B12 was evaluated. Next, the physicochemical properties of the prepared formulations were evaluated and a sterile ophthalmic solution was prepared from the selected formulations under aseptic conditions. Finally, by choosing the final formulation, accelerated stability was achieved.
Results Accelerated studies after six months showed that the amount of vitamin B12 and its ultraviolet absorption did not decrease, and the physicochemical properties, such as solution pH, color, and viscosity did not change.
Conclusion This formulation could be a good candidate for industrial production and long-term stability studies are recommended.
Investigating the Reasons of Discharge With the Personal Consent of Patients Admitted to the Emergency Ward of Kowsar Hospital in Semnan City, Iran
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Yarahmadi Mehdi , Ayati Mehri ,   Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Taghi Ghorbanian Mohammad ,   Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background Discharge against medical advice indicates the dissatisfaction of patients with the care services of the health system. Additionally, it threatens patient's life and causes negative financial outcomes for hospitals.
Objective This study identifies the causes of self-discharge decisions from the emergency department at Kowsar Hospital, Semnan City, Iran.
Methods This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted between August 2021 to March 2022. The data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and reasons for self-discharge, including the following three main concepts: Personal, staff-related factors, and environmental factors with sub-concepts. Meanwhile, the data were analyzed using the SPSS software, version 22.
Results A total of 140 patients with a mean age of 33.52±16.17 years were included, of which 58.6% were men and 41.4% were women. Moreover, 63.6% of patients were married, 42.1% had a diploma education, and 11.4% had a history of taking neuropsychiatric drugs. Also, 42.9% of patients were covered by social security insurance. The highest rate of self-discharge was in the evening (42.1%) and night (37.9%) shifts. The most important reasons for self-discharge decision were problems related to insurance (30%), COVID-19 infection (26.4%), poor communication (17.1%), dissatisfaction with care (15.7 %), disrespectful behavior of staff (12.9%), and inappropriate emergency ward facilities (12.1%).
Conclusion Make appropriate decisions to improve the quality of medical services and increase cooperation in health insurance, separating the departments of infectious diseases away from other departments, holding briefing sessions for physicians and medical staff, increasing awareness of patients about possible complications of self-discharge, and improving the amenities of emergency ward can reduce the rate of self-discharge decision.
Investigating the Factors Associated With Poor Clinical Outcomes of Children With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors:   Clinical Research Development Center, Taleghani and Imam Ali Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah,Iran, Shokri Bita , Alimohammadi Ehsan ,   Department of Neurosurgery Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Published: November 2024

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability in pediatric patients. Predicting clinical outcomes following TBI is essential for providing appropriate treatment and improving patient care.
Objective This retrospective study investigates the factors associated with clinical outcomes in children with moderate to severe TBI.
Methods This study evaluated the clinical data of 374 children with TBI who received treatment at our center between May 2014 and May 2021. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data were extracted and analyzed. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the Glasgow outcome scale. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: Subjects with favorable clinical outcomes (Glasgow outcome scale=4 and 5), and subjects with poor clinical outcomes (Glasgow outcome scale=1, 2, and 3). Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between different variables and clinical outcomes.
Results A total of 374 children with moderate to severe TBI were included in the study, consisting of 197 (52.7%) boys and 177 (47.3%) girls. The mean age at the time of trauma was 7.37±3.11 years. According to the logistic regression model, the Glasgow coma score (OR=3.22; 95% CI=1.78-5.24; P<0.001), pupillary response to light (OR=1.97; 95% CI=1.34-2.99; P=0.024), and Rotterdam computed tomography score (OR=2.61; 95% CI=1.72-4.13; P=0.020) were significantly associated with clinical outcomes in children with moderate to severe TBI.
Conclusion The Glasgow coma score, pupillary response to light, and Rotterdam computed tomography score may serve as indicators of poor clinical outcomes in children with moderate to severe TBI. These results can be utilized to enhance the management and care provided to these patients.
Comparing the Therapeutic Effects of Boric Acid and Fluconazole in the Treatment of Vaginal Candidiasis
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Endometriosis Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Akbar-Abadi Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mohamadianamiri Mahdiss , Sourati Ainaz ,   Department of Radiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran., Aklamli Majid ,   Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background Candida vaginitis is the second most common cause of vaginitis in women after bacterial vaginitis. Among the approved treatments, boric acid has been proposed as an effective treatment for drug resistance and disease recurrence.
Objective This study compares the effectiveness and side effects of boric acid and fluconazole in the treatment of candida vaginitis.
Methods In this non-random study, 50 women with candida vaginitis, based on clinical and laboratory examinations from Iranian university hospitals were selected based on the convenience sampling method. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as follows: One group received oral fluconazole 150 mg for 3 days and the other group received boric acid suppository 600 mg for 14 days. Improvement was identified by laboratory tests. Analysis and statistical analysis were done with the help of descriptive tests of frequency, frequency percentage, Mean±SD, dispersion index, and chi-square.
Results Seven people from the fluconazole group and five people from the boric acid group still had a positive culture after the end of the treatment period, and the response to the treatment was 78% with boric acid and 69.5% with fluconazole (P=0.023). Two people from the boric acid group and three people from the fluconazole group had complications during the treatment, and this difference was not significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion Fluconazole and boric acid both improve bacterial vaginitis. However, the success rate of boric acid treatment is higher. Also, the frequency of complications in the group receiving boric acid was less, which can result in the success of treatment with boric acid.
Investigating the Effects of Neurofeedback Training on Psychological Variables in Women With Non-specific Chronic Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors:   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, School of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran., Yalfani Ali , Asgarpoor Azadeh ,   Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, School of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran.
Published: November 2024

Background Chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP) is a public health issue associated with a complex interaction of biopsychosocial factors. Electroencephalography (neurofeedback) is one of the methods used to assess and treat psychological factors associated with pain and increase awareness of the activity of different parts of the brain.
Objective The present clinical trial investigates the effectiveness of neurofeedback training (NFBT) exercises on psychological variables (pain, disability, and kensiophobia) in women with CNSLBP.
Methods This was a clinical trial study. A total of 40 females with CNSLBP were recruited for the clinical trial. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, namely experimental and control (each group included 20 patients). The experimental group received NFBT for 8 weeks. Pain intensity, disability, and kinesiophobia were assessed via the visual analog scale, the Oswestry disability index, and the Tampa scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 26. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to ensure the normality of the data distribution (P>0.05). The covariance test was used to compare results between groups.
Results The results showed that the NFBT had a significant difference in reducing pain (P=0.000, ƞ2=0.693), disability (P=0.005, ηp2=0.253), and kinesiophobia (P=0.000, ηp2=0.904).
Conclusion NFBT leads to a reduction in the perception of pain intensity, disability, and kinesiophobia; however, they do not address the underlying cause of pain in this group of patients. Instead, they only modulate the response to pain sensation processing.
«Crusade» against the French: clergy participation in the Spanish guerrilla 1808–1814
Authors:   State Academic University for the Humanities, Kosykh Tatiana ,   Ural Federal University
Published: November 2024

After the severe suppression of the uprising in Madrid by the French and the abdication of Charles IV and Ferdinand VII from the Spanish throne in May 1808 a long military conflict began, which in Spanish historiography was called the War of Spanish Independence. The Catholic Church played a significant role in mobilizing the Spanish population in the face of the French invasion. Most of the clergy and monks became those representatives of the educated strata of the country’s population who did not support the plans of Napoleon and his protege, Jose I, to secularize and reform Spanish society in accordance with French ideals. Priests spoke from the pulpits of churches and cathedrals with addresses and sermons calling for a fight against the «Antichrist» Napoleon and his army, and abbots of monasteries inspired monks and novitiates to fight against the invaders with weapons in hand. Moreover, the clergy managed to justify the direct participation of the clergy in such a «crusade» against Napoleon's army, which led to the formation of «crusaders-guerrilleros», which participated in the guerrilla war against the French army on an equal basis with other Spanish guerrilleros. Representatives of monastic orders, Capuchins, Carmelites and Franciscans, who suffered most from the religious reforms of Jose I, which implied, in particular, the liquidation of monasteries and monastic and mendicant orders on the territory of the Iberian Peninsula, were especially actively involved in the Spanish guerrilla war. It was the church that became an element of unity for the Spanish population in the face of the French invasion, providing the rebels with an ideological justification for their mission to liberate Spain.
Sub-culture of youth protest: Parisian suburbs in autumn 2005
Authors:   Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gordon Alexander
Published: November 2024

The protests of the youth of the immigrant neighborhoods in the fall of 2005 are an outstanding event in the history of the Parisian suburbs and in the political history of the Fifth Republic. Having begun as a local revolt, which flared up sporadically in the urban agglomerations of France populated mainly by immigrants from the countries of North and Tropical Africa, the events acquired the scale of a national uprising. They expanded to 300 communes, all departments of the Paris region, and responses happened in the east and west of France. There were thousands of detained and arrested participants, two hundred wounded police officers, thousands of burned cars. For three weeks the police and gendarmerie could not suppress the rebels. Some analysts, emphasizing the vandalism of the protests, call them “riots (émeutes).” Others, pointing to the scale of the protests, their duration, and the fierceness of the confrontation with the forces of law and order, propose the term “uprising (révolte)”. Both explain the vandalism of the protesters by the lack of other ways for young people to express their protest. Historians have noted the similarities between youth protests and social protest in traditional societies. In both cases, the participants sought a demonstration effect to convey to those in power the depth of their indignation. The protests sometimes took the form of festivities, accompanied by emotional release, the acquisition of self-esteem and collective identity. The rebels drew legitimacy for their actions by appealing to moral values. The article traces how deeply the actions of the 2005 rebels could match the cultural and historical typology of archaic forms of social protest.
«Glory to the French people!»: the songs about war under Thermidor and Directory
Authors:   Moscow State University, Bovykin Dmitry
Published: November 2024

The author of the article analyzes the changes that war songs underwent after the coup d’état of 9 Thermidor Year II of the of the Republic, when French troops began to win on the fronts, which eventually allowed peace to be concluded with most of the states of the First anti-French Coalition. Some of the motifs characteristic of 1792-1794 were heard further, but there were significantly more changes. Several topics (such as the fight against tyrants, the role of France in the world and its Messianic claims) were rethought in the new conditions. Hopes that the population of neighboring countries would rise to fight with their sovereigns faded, it remained only to rely on the French, who would bring freedom to these countries and unite Europe around France, which was considered as a new Rome, a new center of the world. The songs no longer contain calls for all the people to rise up for the sake of survival, to give a desperate fight to those who are marching on France, and to die in battle if nothing else is given. There were also many plots that were practically not affected before thermidor. First of all, this is the theme of peace, which, according to the authors, the French people strive for. The French have already won countless victories, their troops are everywhere – from Holland to Egypt. But how many sacrifices can there be, what are they for? The victory has been won, the Republic has survived, and now you can relax. The songs sound frustrated, tired. There is a feeling that some died on the battlefields, while others profited from the war.
On the decline of the éсole russe in historiography (the last research project of V. P. Zolotarev)
Authors:   State Academic University for the Humanities, Tchoudinov Alexander ,   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: November 2024

The author analyzes the latest collective work of historians from Syktyvkar University, which appeared because of a scientific project initiated by Professor of this University Vasiliy P. Zolotarev, a prominent specialist in the study of Russian historiography of the late nineteenth and first third of the twentieth centuries, and particularly the works of N. I. Kareev. The collective monograph of Syktyvkar researchers is devoted to the fate of representatives of the third generation of the famous école russe of historians, whose professional formation took place under the scientific guidance of N. I. Kareev. The authors of the collective work reconstructed the biographies of Kareev’s students such as A. M. Onu, V. A. Butenko, E. N. Petrov, Ya. M. Zacher, I. L. Popov-Lensky and V. V. Biryukovich, trying to understand how their lives and works were influenced by the October Revolution of 1917. By implementing this scientific project, Syktyvkar historians have paid tribute to the memory of their Teacher, V. P. Zolotarev, who passed away in 2022.
«The last message of marshal Petain» (1945): apocrypha or an unknown document?
Authors:   Institute of History and Politics MPGU, Burlakov Alexander , Molodiakov Vassili ,   Takushoku University
Published: November 2024

For the first time published in the original and in Russian translation «The Last Message of Marshal Petain» may be apocrypha, but undoubtedly refers to 1945. As far as is known, this document has never been mentioned or quoted before. At the specified time of its writing (August 21, 1945) Marshal Philippe Pétain (1856-1951) was imprisoned in Fort Portalet and remained in a quite depressed state of mind. There is no information about the message in the notes of his jailer Joseph Simon. The content of the message generally corresponds to other statements of the Marshal but with some divergence. Perhaps French historians will be able to shed light on the origin of the document or conduct a detailed linguistic analysis in order to establish the alleged authorship.