bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student-Athletes’ Mental Health in the European Sport School Context: A Scoping Review
Authors: Saarinen Milla , McDougall Michael , Gjesdal Siv , Bjørndal Christian Thue
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of literature exploring adolescent student-athlete mental health in the European sport school context, with particular emphasis on gender. Five databases were searched for relevant literature: PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. In total, 26 peer-reviewed published articles met the inclusion criteria. The review indicated that literature on adolescent student-athlete mental health in Europe is dominated by a preoccupation with mental illness rather than mental health and the use of quantitative and cross-sectional research designs. Many studies reported that student-athletes demonstrated lower prevalence and incidence rates of mental illness symptoms compared to the general youth population. Female student-athletes consistently demonstrated higher prevalence of mental illness symptoms compared to males. Practitioners working with adolescent student-athletes can improve their mental health literacy to understand mental health beyond the confines of mental illness and target key areas of burnout and the female experience of mental health.
Tunable pure interference colors of 2D titania liquid crystal with ultrasensitive electroresponse
Authors: Gong Rui , Tian Siyuan , Lei Yukun , Zhang Zehao , Xu Youan , Lyu Rong , Wang Feng , Zhang Hao , Huang Ziyang , Zhu Caizhen , Liu Bilu , Ding Baofu
Published: February 2025

Electrochromic effect refers to the electrically tunable coloration of a matter. Emerging see-through color-tunable applications pose a synergetic demand on electrochromic device, concurrently having ultralow field driving, operation in transmissive mode, and high-purity and tunable interference colors of sci-fi perception. However, such an electrochromic device remains elusive. Herein, we invent a transmissive electro-interference-color device based on two-dimensional titania liquid crystals (2D TiO
2
LCs), demonstrating a record-high electroresponse sensitivity of ~1.5 × 10
−7
square meters per square volt among all wide-bandgap media. Consequently, the device works under an electric field of 6 × 10
3
volts per meter (three orders of magnitude lower than that of conventional LCs), operates in a transmissive mode with ~85% transparency, and displays pure and tunable interference colors. The electro-interference-color device serves as a good example to fabricate diverse see-through chromatic applications as conceptually demonstrated smart windows with functions of privacy protection, energy saving, and artistic presentation as well as transparent display.
Substantiating the Paleozoic sedimentary record of the tectonic transition from a passive to an active continental margin along the eastern margin of Eurasia
Authors: Sun Ning-Chen , Zhou Jian-Bo , Xu Zhong-Jie , Wilde Simon A. , Cheng Ri-Hui , Xu Da-Zhi , Li Gong-Yu
Published: February 2025

The Jiamusi Massif in the eastern margin of Eurasia, located at the tectonic transition belt between the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific tectonic domain, underwent a pivotal transition from a passive to active continental margin during the late Paleozoic. However, the exact timing and geodynamics of this transition remain controversial. To address this issue, this paper presents new petrological, mineralogical, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and zircon trace element analyses of sedimentary rocks sourced from both the Heitai and Zhenzishan formations in the Jiamusi Massif. The results indicate that the Heitai Formation is a clastic-carbonate rock association deposited on stable crust. In contrast, the Zhenzishan Formation is a series of molasse facies accompanied by volcanic activity. New detrital zircon data from this study, together with the distribution of sedimentary facies, indicate that the provenance of the Heitai Formation was mainly derived from magmatic rocks of Erguna-Xing’an and Songliao massifs and basement rocks of the Jiamusi Massif. In contrast, the provenance of the Zhenzishan Formation was derived from the basement rocks and the discernible arc of the Jiamusi Massif. The weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages for the youngest zircons indicate that the maximum depositional ages of the Heitai and Zhenzishan formations were estimated at ca. 375 Ma and ca. 305 Ma, respectively. These data support, in the eastern Jiamusi Massif, a transition from a passive to an active continental margin occurred between the Late Devonian and late Carboniferous (375−305 Ma), which was likely related to subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean (a part of Panthalassa), which is also an important tectonic transition event in the eastern margin of Eurasia.
Identifying haemochromatosis patients with C282Y homozygosity from inpatient electronic patient records in England using a novel algorithm: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Singh Prabhsimran , Millson Charles , Huang Chao , Driver Robert J
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) is the most common genetic condition among populations of northern European ancestry, but it does not have a specific International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code. HH is commonly assigned the ICD-10 code E83.1 defined as ‘disorders of iron metabolism’. However, the E83.1 diagnosis code is also applied to patients with transfusion-related iron overload and hyperferritinaemia from non-iron loading conditions. Venesection is the main treatment option for patients with HH and is assigned the Office of Population, Census and Surveys Classification of Interventions and Procedures, 4th revision (OPCS-4) code X36.2. We aimed to develop a novel algorithm to identify haemochromatosis patients with C282Y homozygosity from electronic patient records (EPR) using ICD-10 and OPCS-4 codes.

Methods

The Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care (APC) database was used to identify all patients with the ICD-10 code E83.1 from 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2023 in our NHS Trust. Case notes were reviewed to evaluate the presence of HH, genotype, medical history and associated procedures. Algorithms were generated using Stata MP V.18 by applying a combination of ICD-10 and OPCS-4 codes to all patients with the diagnosis code E83.1 including those without HH gene mutations.

Results

A total of 9264 patient episodes were identified from the HES APC database corresponding to 787 unique patients: 479 (60.9%) C282Y homozygous, 107 (13.6%) C282Y/H63D compound heterozygotes, 42 (5.3%) other HH genetic mutations and 159 (20.2%) without any HH gene mutations. Six algorithms were developed to identify patients with HH within inpatient EPR, all of which showed improved positive predictive value (PPV) compared with the baseline cohort. The application of the OPCS-4 code for venesection (X36.2) in five of the algorithms resulted in large improvements in specificity and increased all their PPVs to >70%. Algorithms 4 and 6 had the best PPV at 74.3% and 74.4%, respectively, and included the removal of patients with ICD-10 codes associated with transfusion-related iron overload and other conditions treated with venesection.

Conclusion

These novel algorithms represent a more reliable method to detect haemochromatosis patients with C282Y homozygosity from EPR than the single ICD-10 code E83.1. It may be applied to large administrative datasets for investigation of HH in population studies.
AMI-Sleep: protocol for a prospective study of sleep-disordered breathing/sleep apnoea syndrome and incident cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Balagny Pauline , D’Ortho Marie-Pia , Berard Laurence , Rousseau Alexandra , Gourmelen Julie , Ravaud Philippe , Durand-Zaleski Isabelle , Simon Tabassome , Steg Philippe Gabriel
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and the related clinical syndrome, sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS), are highly prevalent in patients with ischaemic heart disease and often remain undiagnosed. The AMI-Sleep study will describe its prevalence in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and assess the independent contribution of the type and severity of SDB/SAS to subsequent incident cardiovascular events and mortality.

Methods and analysis

This prospective study will include patients hospitalised for AMI enrolled in the multicentre nationwide prospective French Cohort of Myocardial Infarction Evaluation (FRENCHIE) registry. A nightly simplified polygraphy is performed before discharge from the index AMI admission, and participants complete two self-administered sleep questionnaires. Baseline data are obtained from the FRENCHIE registry. Each participant will be subsequently followed based on data from the National Health Data System (SNDS). Over a period of 4 years, the AMI-Sleep study is expected to recruit approximately 2000 participants. Assuming at least a 10% rate of incident cardiovascular events over 1 year, there would be an estimated 200 events during the first year of follow-up that would be sufficient in multivariable analysis. The primary objective is to describe the prevalence and severity of SDB in AMI and to analyse the association between the type and severity of SDB (based on the apnoea-hypopnoea index) and the occurrence of cardiovascular events (incident acute coronary syndrome, transient ischaemic attack, stroke) or all-cause death after AMI. Secondary objectives include determining the association between the presence of SAS and coronary artery disease severity, in-hospital mortality, morbidity events, healthcare consumption and related costs.

Ethics and dissemination

Eligible individuals are provided with information about the AMI-Sleep study and provided written informed consent. The protocol was approved by the regional Ethics Committee (CPP Ouest II – Angers, RCB N°2018-A00719-46) on 17 February 2019, is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04064593) and started in January 2019 with the expected publication of primary outcome results in 2025.

Trial registration number

ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04064593.
Association of herpes zoster vaccination and cardiovascular risk in patients with diabetes: long-term insights from a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kornelius Edy , Lo Shih-Chang , Huang Chien-Ning , Wang Chi-Chih , Wang Yu-Hsun , Yang Yi-Sun
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Herpes zoster (HZ) infection is associated with a higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with diabetes are at an increased risk of MACE, highlighting the importance of studying this population to assess the potential protective effects of HZ vaccination. This study aims to investigate the risk of MACE after HZ vaccination in patients with diabetes.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Community-based population in the USA.

Participants

Using the TriNetX database, the study included 4.9 million patients with diabetes from 2006 to 2022. It established two cohorts: 68 178 patients in the HZ vaccination (comprising any HZ vaccine, Shingrix or Zostavax) and 4 835 246 patients in the no HZ vaccination group. After excluding patients with a history of MACE, immune disease and complications of HZ prior to the index date, the study cohort was reduced to 45 960 patients. Propensity score matching, accounting for age, sex, race, socio-economic status and disease comorbidities, was conducted to minimise study bias.

Interventions

HZ vaccination.

Outcome measures

MACE outcomes are defined as the first occurrence of CAD or stroke. Comparative risk analysis was conducted using HRs.

Results

Post matching, the mean patient age was 63.5 years, with 49.2% females. The incidence rate of MACE was lower among vaccinated patients compared with unvaccinated individuals, with an HR of 0.76 (0.72–0.79). For secondary endpoints, the HRs were 0.73 (0.69–0.78) for CAD, 0.79 (0.74–0.84) for stroke and 0.54 (0.52–0.57) for all-cause mortality. These protective effects remained consistent across different age groups, sexes and diabetes types, supporting the potential benefit of HZ vaccination in reducing cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions

HZ vaccination is associated with a lower risk of MACE in patients with diabetes. Further prospective studies are critically needed to confirm this finding.
MELK study: an observational study on human milk composition and infant health determinants during the first year of life in a Dutch cohort
Authors: Petersohn Inga , Wang Peiheng , van Heumen Cindy , van Lee Linde , Hettinga Kasper Arthur , Belzer Clara , van Baar Anneloes , Feskens Edith , Brouwer-Brolsma Elske Maria
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Human milk plays a crucial role in infants’ nutrition and immunity, with its composition being influenced by different factors. The role of maternal diet on human milk fatty acid composition, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is well studied. Higher fish intake is associated with higher DHA levels in human milk, while fewer associations have been reported for EPA. Yet, maternal diet’s impact on human milk composition for other nutrients is understudied, and variations in sampling protocols and study quality hinder definitive conclusions on its overall impact. Ethnicity may also impact milk composition, with different dietary habits intertwined with different genetic backgrounds, but also here research lacks standardised protocols. Our study aims to investigate maternal diet, ethnicity, and their association with human milk composition, along with their potential short-term associations with infant health and development, through detailed dietary assessment and by recruiting participants from diverse backgrounds. Understanding these associations could inform the development of tailored nutritional guidelines for mothers and infants, ultimately promoting optimal health and well-being for both. The study design, with its strict sampling procedure, can guide and inspire future studies.

Methods and analysis

We will conduct an observational study involving 120 healthy mothers from three ethnic backgrounds (Chinese, Caucasian and Turkish), exclusively breastfeeding their 2-month-old infants. We will collect human milk samples at two time points and assess maternal dietary intake over 4 days. Additionally, we will collect data on various maternal and child characteristics, including maternal stress, socioeconomic status and health, and infant feeding, sleeping, crying, gastrointestinal health and developmental status.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee Oost-Nederland (NL79447.091.21), and all participants provided written informed consent before entering the study. Findings will be widely disseminated at international conferences and meetings including the annual Nutrition & Growth conference, ESPGHAN, and through publication in scientific peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN35735283).
Determinants of unfavourable treatment outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases in Malaysia: a case–control study
Authors: Kamarul Zaman Mohd Fahmin , Nik Husain Nik Rosmawati , Sidek Mohd Yusof , Abu Bakar Zamzurina
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) complicates TB management and poses significant challenges to achieve favourable treatment outcomes. Treating DR-TB is more complex and costly, requiring extended treatment durations and consideration of drug toxicity and side effects. This study aims to identify the determinants of unfavourable treatment outcomes among DR-TB patients in Malaysia.

Design

Retrospective case–control study.

Setting

Secondary data from the National Tuberculosis Registry (NTBR) across two states in Malaysia.

Participants

All reported DR-TB cases in the NTBR between 2016 and 2020 from Selangor and Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Cases still undergoing treatment at the time of analysis were excluded. A total of 403 cases were analysed, with 181 (44.9%) experiencing unfavourable treatment outcomes and 222 (55.1%) having favourable treatment outcomes. The case group consists of individuals with DR-TB who experienced unfavourable treatment outcomes, while the control group comprises individuals with DR-TB who achieved favourable treatment outcomes.

Outcome measures

Unfavourable treatment outcomes, defined as death, treatment failure or loss to follow-up, were assessed. Predictors of these outcomes were identified through multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

Significant determinants of unfavourable treatment outcomes included being male (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.38, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.94), being single or divorced (aOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.49), having no formal education (aOR 3.09, 95% CI 1.49 to 6.41), people living with HIV (aOR 2.87, 95% CI 1.40 to 5.87) and having DR-TB categorised as rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (aOR 3.34, 95% CI 1.90 to 5.86) or multidrug-resistant/pre-extensively drug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant-TB (aOR 2.57, 95% CI 1.52 to 4.33).

Conclusion

The findings reveal a high proportion of DR-TB cases with unfavourable treatment outcomes and identify their key determinants. Targeted interventions addressing these factors are essential to improve treatment outcomes.
Identifying key characteristics of developed artificial intelligence algorithms to achieve meaningful impact on Canadian healthcare: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Coulibaly Daouda , Bayani Azadeh , Sylla Bry , Motulsky Aude , Nikiema Jean Noël , Bosson-Rieutort Delphine
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Empirical data on the barriers limiting artificial intelligence (AI)’s impact on healthcare are scarce, particularly within the Canadian context. This study aims to address this gap by conducting a scoping review to identify and evaluate AI algorithms developed by researchers affiliated with Canadian institutions for patient triage, diagnosis and care management. The goal is to identify characteristics in the developed AI algorithms that can be leveraged for a better impact.

Methods and analysis

A scoping review will be conducted following the JBI Methodology for Scoping Reviews and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Relevant literature will be identified through comprehensive searches of MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO) and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases, combining keywords related to AI, clinical management and the Canadian context. Studies published after 2014, in English or French, that discuss AI algorithms developed for patient triage, diagnosis or care management by researchers affiliated with Canadian institutions will be included. Data from the selected articles will be extracted and analysed descriptively, and findings will be presented in tabular form accompanied by a narrative summary.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not required for this study as it involves the review of publicly available literature. The scoping review is expected to be completed by November 2025. The findings will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at conferences focused on AI and healthcare practice.
Efficacy and safety of the blood-based cardioplegia solution Huaxi-1 in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Yan Wei , Wang Chunle , Gao Xue , Wen Zhiqiang , Zou Tingfang , Wu Yingyuan , Zhang Li , Yu Fumin , Jin Zhenxiao , Wang Liwei , Chen Tao , Yang Jing , Shao Yongfeng , Shi Yinghui , Duanmu Jianyu , Zhou Chengbin , Xiong Yaoyao
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Cardioplegia during cardiopulmonary bypass is essential for ensuring a surgical field free of blood and cardiac movement. Numerous cardioplegia solutions are available, but consensus guidelines about the safest or most effective do not exist. The present trial will compare the Huaxi-1 cardioplegia solution, which has been used since 2006 with good results at a major Chinese cardiac centre not involved in this trial, with the widely used Custodiol histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution in terms of safety and efficacy at inducing cardiac arrest and protecting the myocardium during bypass.

Methods and analysis

A total of 160 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest will be recruited at four medical centres in China. Recruitment is planned to begin on 1 November 2024, and is expected to conclude by 31 October 2025. Eligible patients will be randomly allocated 1:1 to receive either Huaxi-1 or HTK cardioplegia solution. The primary endpoint is the peak level of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) within 48 hours after surgery between the two groups. The secondary endpoints include levels of myocardial injury markers such as the creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I at baseline and at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after surgery. The two groups will also be compared in terms of how left ventricular ejection fraction changes from baseline and in terms of the rate of spontaneous cardiac recovery. Data will be analysed using SAS V.9.4.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial has been approved by the ethics committees at Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (lead site) and the three other study sites. The results of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2400089689 (www.chictr.org.cn).
Dynamics of Alternative States and Basin Transition of a Plant-Volatile-Induced Tritrophic System
Authors: Mondal Ritwika
Published: February 2025

Plants transmit messages through chemical blends, namely Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), regarding the news of herbivory to the neighboring plants and natural carnivorous enemies of herbivores. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the blends of Herbivore-induced Plant Volatile (HIPV) help to improve plant growth by recruiting natural enemies of herbivores. We present HIPV-mediated model-based analysis of plant–herbivore–carnivorous natural enemy interaction and explore the complex dynamical behavior. We emphasize the interplay between system parameters, mainly the predation rate and HIPV-induced recruitment rate of natural enemies of herbivores, and emergent dynamical states. The proposed system experiences various changes like oscillatory state to steady-state through Hopf-bifurcation, alternative steady states, and collision of two coexistence equilibria through saddle-node bifurcation. We simultaneously explore the characteristics of basin of attraction, basin transition, and its correlation with system parameters. We thoroughly explain the importance of alternative steady states on plant fitness and the existence of all populations. Based on the high-dimensional Bendixson criterion, we show the global stability of the coexistence equilibrium point. Moreover, we perform numerical simulation to support all possible analytical outcomes and discuss some concluding remarks on the positive impact of HIPV in enhancing plant growth after herbivory damage by signaling natural enemies of herbivores as a reinforcement.
The clastic record of an early Brasiliano Orogeny: pre-collisional subduction-related metamorphism within the southern Borborema Province through detrital rutile analysis
Authors: Cerri Rodrigo I. , Caxito Fabrício A. , Luvizotto George L. , Clemence Junior George W. , Santos Nayara M. , Fumes Regiane A. , Moraes Renato , Spencer Christopher
Published: February 2025

The ubiquity of detrital zircon in clastic sediments made zircon one of the primary minerals for provenance and tectonomagmatic studies. Its high U-Pb closure temperature (>900
o
C), limited growth of new zircon under upper amphibolite-eclogite facies, inherited bias towards felsic sources, and the refractory behavior rarely representing first-cycle sedimentation can hamper the detection of key tectonomagmatic events. Other mineral assemblages, like rutile, formed in medium- to high-grade metapelite and metabasite during high-pressure and low-temperature subduction metamorphism can help to provide a complete record of polyphase orogenic evolution. In this study, we present U-Pb ages and trace elements in detrital rutile from the Ordovician Tacaratu Formation (Tucano-Jatobá Basin) to track the complete polyphase evolution of southern Borborema Province. Coupled U-Pb detrital zircon and rutile analysis revealed that detrital zircon ages lag detrital rutile ages by
ca.
100 Ma. Three rutile age peaks at
ca.
767 Ma, 669 Ma, and 595 Ma were recognized, agreeing with subduction in magma-poor orogenic phases (lulls) between relatively high magma generation phases (flare-ups). The detrital rutile ages record earlier phases of Brasiliano Orogeny in southern Borborema Province (subduction-related metamorphism; closure of Sergipano Ocean), since this orogeny culminated in the collision of blocks followed by high-temperature metamorphism.
Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Detection of Atrazine in Water Samples Using Chitosan-Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: C. G. Ann Maria , Varghese Anitha , Nidhin M.
Published: February 2025

Atrazine, a slow-degrading herbicide needs constant monitoring and control as it causes carcinogenicity and reproductive abnormalities. This study presents a new electrochemical sensor designed to detect atrazine in water with high precision. The sensor uses a special technique called molecular imprinting along with chitosan-stabilized palladium nanoparticles on a glassy carbon electrode. The PdNPs enhance the electroactive surface area and thus the number of interaction sites for the analyte. Different material characterization techniques were used to characterize the formulated PdNPs. Molecularly imprinted nanomaterials were used to provide the selectivity among other interferents of atrazine. Differential pulse Voltammetry was used to detect atrazine with a limit of detection of 10.115 fM and a wide linear dynamic range of 33.72 fM to 3.1 nM. The sensor was efficiently tested in different polluted water samples without interference from structural analogs. This sensor offers a reliable tool for monitoring water quality and protecting human health by ensuring atrazine levels are safely controlled.
Exploring Structural Evolution and Lattice Oxygen Bonding Variation in Li-Rich NCM Cathode Materials
Authors: Wu Guilin , Zhao Chundong , You Yiwei , Wu Fulun , Lü Tieyu , Cao Xin-Rui , Zhu Zi-Zhong , Wu Shunqing
Published: February 2025

Ternary lithium-ion cathode materials, notably Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM), hold immense promise as key components for high-capacity and high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, their long‐term cyclability is hindered by several challenges, primarily attributed to interlayer migration of transition metals (TM), alterations in lattice oxygen bonding, and structural instability during extensive charge-discharge cycles. To address these limitations and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms, we developed a deep potential model. This model, trained on comprehensive data from first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, enables highly accurate predictions of energies and forces across various structures. Leveraging this advanced tool, we conducted a rigorous investigation into the structural evolution and stability of lithium-rich NCM cathode materials. Our findings underscore the exceptional ability of Li1.188Ni0.250Co0.125Mn0.437O2 to significantly mitigate interlayer migration of TM ions, outperforming other compositions in this regard. Furthermore, we have elucidated the mechanisms governing TM ion migration and oxygen vacancy formation, highlighting how their interplay with lattice oxygen bonding leads to voltage hysteresis. These insights provide crucial guidance for designing and optimizing high-performance, structurally stable NCM cathode materials, with significant implications for next-generation electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
Prediction and Optimization of Microhardness of Electroless Ni–P alloy Coating Based on Machine Learning
Authors: ZHAI SEN , Sugio Kenjiro , Sasaki Gen
Published: February 2025

This study explores the design and optimization of parameters in electroless nickel-phosphorus alloy coating using machine learning methods to quickly achieve desired hardness values. Three different types of models, including K-Nearest Neighbors, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Support Vector Regression, were employed to predict coating hardness based on electrolyte composition and process parameters. The relationship between electroless bath parameters and coating hardness was revealed using SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis. The results showed that the XGBoost model outperformed the other two models, achieving an R² of 0.924 and an RMSE of 0.0651. The pH value, bath temperature, and sodium citrate concentration have the most significant impact on coating hardness. Finally, three samples were selected for experimental verification, and it was found that the XGBoost model could accurately predict the hardness values. This demonstrates the feasibility and practicality of using machine learning methods to predict the hardness of electroless nickel-phosphorus alloy coatings.
Multimodal Data Fusion Framework for Early Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Sha Mohemmed , Al-Dossary Hussein , Rahamathulla Mohamudha Parveen
Published: February 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a condition that impacts a person’s emotional, cognitive, social, and physical well‐being. Symptoms include challenges in communicating, struggles with social interactions, fixation, and repetitive actions. It is crucial to detect ASD in young children to minimize the impact of the disorder through various therapies focused on behavior, education, and family. The application of artificial intelligence has been important in detecting ASD in children. Previous studies have proposed different methods for identifying ASD, mainly using either demographic information or visual characteristics separately, without effectively combining both approaches. Our study presents a new approach to detecting ASD that takes into account both demographic and visual information. Therefore, a framework was suggested to assess different deep learning models for the early identification of ASD. The proposed framework consists of four modules such as stacked bidirectional long short‐term memory (SBiLSTM) using attention mechanism for representing text/numerical features, multilevel 2D‐convolutional neural network–gated recurrent units (ABM‐2D‐CNN–GRUs) using attention mechanism for extracting facial features, and multimodal factorized bilinear (MFB) pooling for combining the features. Moreover, the conditional probability approach calculates a distinct weight for each class based on specific features, leading to enhanced system performance. In conclusion, the AlexNet CNN has been proposed for prediction and its performance was assessed using the multiactivation function (MAF) framework. In this study, we examined the dataset for screening ASD and the dataset for children with autism. It is crucial to detect ASD at an early stage. We have identified features that can differentiate children with ASD from those without ASD. The suggested system achieves a higher accuracy rate of 99.2% compared to current systems. This outcome indicates that our system is better at predicting ASD compared to other advanced methods.
Outcome Measures in Evaluation of Weighted Blankets: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lönn Maria , Odéus Ellen
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Weighted blankets are an intervention used in healthcare settings for alleviating anxiety and sleep problems. Selection of appropriate outcome measures that capture relevant effects is important in clinical practice and research. However, outcomes used are diverse and not standardised. Therefore, this scoping review is aimed at identifying, synthesising, and describing available research and used outcome measures in research studies evaluating weighted blankets.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted, with a search of four databases. The search included studies published until February 2024. Results were categorized according to target population (adult or child) and primary outcome (sleep or anxiety). A conceptual map was developed to describe outcome measures used in the field.

Results: A total of 38 studies were identified, including 12 randomised controlled trials, 13 pre–post‐studies, 6 case studies, 3 register studies, and 3 qualitative studies. The State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale were commonly used outcome measurements in evaluation of weighted blanket effects on anxiety and most commonly conducted in an adult population. There was considerable heterogeneity in the outcomes used, particularly within the domain of sleep. In studies evaluating weighted blankets as a sleep intervention for children, objective measurement methods such as actigraphy were common, as was the use of a sleep diary.

Conclusion: Even though there is extensive research available evaluating weighted blanket use and effects, there is a lack of standardised outcome measures and instruments are not adapted to use within occupational therapy practice. More research is necessary, informing clinical practice about which measures to use and when. Furthermore, there is a need to develop an instrument specifically tailored for use within occupational therapy practice to evaluate sleep interventions.
Body size and wing shape as predictors of the initial flight acceleration in bats of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Miranda João Marcelo Deliberador , Marchioro Sabrina , Santos Fernanda Almeida , Ludwig Luiz Gabriel do Prado , Zago Luciana , Carvalho Fernando
Published: February 2025

Bat body size and some aspects of the wing shape are considered efficient indicators of bat flight performance. Here, we evaluated how body size and wing shape can be predictors of initial flight acceleration (0-10 meters) in 15 bat species (3 families) occurring in the Atlantic Forest. Two body size variables (wingspan and body mass) and three wing shape variables (relative wing loading, aspect ratio and wing tip index) were taken from 74 individuals. We carried out flight experiments with another 59 individuals, to evaluate the Initial Flight Acceleration (IFA). We used generalized linear models (GLM) to evaluate which variables were the best predictors of initial flight acceleration. Furthermore, we tested the phylogenetic signal for initial flight acceleration, and the hypothesis of phylogenetic autocorrelation for this behavior was discarded (p > 0.05). Our results show that larger species with narrow wings need to develop greatest initial accelerations to take off flight. We suggest a morphological restriction on flight, since most bat species analyzed have low values in both variables and those that have high values are only in one of these variables.
A new genus and species of the ghost-shrimp family Callianideidae from the Caribbean coast of Panama (Decapoda: Axiidea)
Authors: Anker Arthur
Published: February 2025

A peculiar new species of ghost-shrimp from Bocas del Toro Archipelago on the Caribbean coast of Panama is assigned to the genus Trichocallia gen. nov. in the family Callianideidae. The holotype and presently the only known specimen of Trichocallia delicatula sp. nov. was collected with a suction pump on a silty-muddy bottom under a network of decomposing and partly overgrown mangrove roots. The new genus appears to be most closely related to Callianidea H. Milne Edwards, 1837, with two species in the Indo-West Pacific, and Paracallianidea Sakai, 1992, with two species, one in the western Atlantic and one in the eastern Pacific.
Ataxia hereditária progressiva: caso de ataxia de friedreich em irmãos acompanhados na reabilitação pediátrica
Authors: Fonseca Marcos Matheus da Silva , Nogueira Caio Henrique Gasparotto , Chen Samuel Fen I , Tachibana Amanda Rie , Akamine Eduardo Hideyuki
Published: February 2025

A Ataxia de Friedreich (AF) é uma doença genética rara, neurodegenerativa, de difícil diagnóstico e sem tratamento específico. Trata-se de uma ataxia espinocerebelar hereditária autossômica recessiva, que afeta múltiplos sistemas, como sistema nervoso central e periférico, sistema musculoesquelético, endócrino e cardiovascular.
Atividade física e sedentarismo: identificação de barreiras à mudança de comportamento e participação do Fisiatra
Authors: Valverde Vinícius de Araújo , Dorf Sandro Rachevsky , Borgneth Lívia Rangel Lopes , Machado João Victor Cardoso
Published: February 2025

A mudança para um estilo de vida mais ativo é amplamente reconhecida como crucial para a saúde geral. O modelo transteórico de DiClemente e Prochaska delineia estágios sequenciais nesse processo, mas a presença de barreiras em cada etapa pode impedir a mudança comportamental. O médico fisiatra tem papel fundamental no combate ao sedentarismo, através da orientação de atividade física; processo que deve levar em consideração barreiras que dificultam a mudança de estilo de vida.
Avaliação de ganho funcional após reabilitação intensiva na Santa Casa de São Paulo
Authors: Nogueira Caio Henrique Gasparotto , Akamine Eduardo Hideyuki , Nishizawa Lucas Eiti
Published: February 2025

O processo de reabilitação segue um plano terapêutico que envolve a identificação das necessidades individuais, a relação entre os transtornos e suas consequências, e o estabelecimento de metas, com planejamento, implementação e avaliação de resultados. A reabilitação intensiva (RI) consiste na execução desse plano com o paciente internado em um centro especializado por um período definido. Não há consenso sobre o perfil ideal do paciente para a RI, mas fatores como idade, tempo de incapacidade, comorbidades, motivação e suporte social são considerados. A RI é especialmente indicada para pacientes com grandes incapacidades agudas, como vítimas de politrauma e acidente vascular encefálico.
Complicações secundárias da reabilitação tardia na lesão medular: relato de caso
Authors: Souza Daniel Rubio de , Siqueira Ana Carolina Marques Pereira de , Numakura Guilherme Tetsuo Yokoy , Yuan Chen Chieng
Published: February 2025

A lesão medular é uma das mais devastadoras condições incapacitantes que acometem o ser humano. Apresenta impactos significativos tanto para o paciente e família quanto para o sistema de saúde. A atenção inadequada a estes pacientes pode gerar complicações secundárias que aumentam as incapacidades e os custos em saúde. É imprescindível que o paciente e sua família sejam assistidos e treinados por equipe multiprofissional desde fase aguda para que se evite este desfecho desfavorável.
Desafios da reabilitação em luxação glenoumeral anterior bilateral inveterada: um relato de caso
Authors: Momi Ana Luiza Abicalil , Ferreira Mariana Panizza , Socolowski Mariela Diament
Published: February 2025

A luxação glenoumeral anterior bilateral é condição rara na prática médica. Apresentaremos, a seguir, um caso de mulher de 74 anos, policomórbida, com luxação glenoumeral anterior bilateral, com origem após um processo de sarcopenia severo causado por uma fratura osteoporótica de fêmur após queda em 2011. É considerada luxação inveterada toda luxação com curso maior do que três semanas sem tratamento. Apesar da luxação de ombro anterior ser a mais comum dentro do departamento de emergência, os casos bilaterais são raros, com cem casos publicados em literatura até 2019.
Impactos da prática de pilates na reabilitação de pacientes com fibromialgia: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Zamarian Carmen Costa , Aguiar Letícia , Ferreira Lucas Araújo
Published: February 2025

A Fibromialgia (FM) se delineia como uma condição crônica, caracterizada por dor disseminada que permeia os aspectos musculoesqueléticos, se manifestando não apenas através da dor difusa, mas, também, sob os matizes de distúrbios do sono, fadiga e outros sintomas somáticos.
Inovação em reabilitação pós acidente vascular cerebral (AVC): órteses personalizadas com uso da manufatura aditiva
Authors: Kunkel Maria Elizete , Neves Marcele Florêncio das , Ortega Letícia Martins Ramos , Omine Beatriz Yumi , Ganga Thabata Alcântara Ferreira
Published: February 2025

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma condição neurológica que representa uma das principais causas globais de deficiência adquirida na idade adulta, com 13 milhões de novos casos anualmente. Os principais problemas de saúde que envolvem AVCs advém de complicações da síndrome a longo prazo, que afetam a qualidade de vida do indivíduo e se manifestam como sequelas cognitivas, psicológicas e físicas.
O uso inadequado de mochilas por escolares e problemas de postura corporal
Authors: Castanheiro César , Velasquez Jorge Luiz , Mineiro Lindomar
Published: February 2025

O peso excessivo das mochilas escolares resulta em sobrecarga biomecânica em estudantes. Quando a mochila é excessivamente pesada a criança e/ou adolescente pode desenvolver transtornos como estresse muscular e dores, além de problemas posturais irreversíveis. A atenção à saúde nas escolas tem se tornando cada vez mais crucial, devido ao aumento das alterações posturais e das dores na região da coluna vertebral observadas em crianças e adolescentes. Estudos sugerem que muitos dos problemas na coluna vertebral que afetam os adultos têm suas raízes durante o período de crescimento e desenvolvimento do corpo, ou seja, na infância e adolescência. As crianças em idade escolar encontram-se em uma fase de adaptação de suas estruturas anatômicas, sendo esse o período em que a maioria dos problemas posturais começa a surgir. Entretanto, é importante destacar que os desvios posturais mais comuns durante o processo de crescimento podem levar a alterações na postura.
Potencial evocado dermatomérico no diagnóstico diferencial topográfico da neurite interdigital: relato de caso
Authors: Camargo Amaro José Silveira , Alexandre Andrea , Pellegrinelli Ada
Published: February 2025

Os nervos digitais do pé são ramos dos nervos tibial (NT) e fibular (NF). Na parte dorsal, o ramo terminal do NF profundo inerva o primeiro espaço interdigital. Os demais espaços recebem ramos do NF superficial, com exceção do IV espaço interdigital e da face lateral do V dedo que podem receber ramos do nervo sural (NS). Na parte plantar, o nervo plantar medial (NPM) inerva o I e o II espaços interdigitais, o III espaço é inervado pelos NPL e NPM e o nervo plantar lateral (NPL) inerva o IV espaço. A face medial do I dedo é inervada pelo NPM, onde pode ocorrer o Neuroma de Joplin, e a face lateral do V dedo pelos NPL e NS.
Prevalência da alteração de capacidade funcional, síndrome de fragilidade e sarcopenia em pacientes com mais de 60 anos atendidos na Associação Fluminense de Reabilitação
Authors: Rodas Patricia Alexandra Viteri , Pena Mauro
Published: February 2025

No envelhecimento a diminuição progressiva das reservas fisiológicas predispõem a desenvolver doenças e declínio geral na capacidade intrínseca do indivíduo. É comum associar o envelhecimento com a presença de doenças e uso de remédios, mas não é regra. A aplicação de estratégias de prevenção poderia levá-lo a envelhecer saudável mantendo adequada qualidade de vida para preservação das capacidades funcionais e a autonomia. Sintomatologia causadora de limitação ou restrição nas atividades da vida diária não deve ser automaticamente atribuída ao envelhecimento fisiológico em si.
Relação entre nível de amputação e etiologia em amputados de membro inferior da ISCMSP
Authors: Nishizawa Lucas Eiti , Sumita Cesar Takeshi , Rocha Eduardo de Melo Carvalho , Kuga Fabio Seiji , Yokomizo Patricia Lumi
Published: February 2025

Com o avanço da medicina, a amputação deixou de ser considerada um tratamento terminal e passou a ser vista como uma intervenção para maximizar a função do membro a ser amputado e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. No Brasil, entre 2011 e 2016, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) realizou mais de 100.000 cirurgias de amputação, com a maioria ocorrendo em pacientes com diabetes mellitus (DM) e afetando principalmente os membros inferiores
Terapias de ondas de choque na recuperação motora pós Acidente Vascular Cerebral: um relato de caso
Authors: Watanabe Cinthia Arakaki , Sugawara André Tadeu
Published: February 2025

Segundo o Global Burden of Disease, o acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é uma das principais causas de Years Lived with Disability (YLD), ou seja, anos vividos com incapacidade. O YLD é uma medida utilizada pelo GBD para quantificar a carga de incapacidade causada por doenças ou lesões, levando em conta a gravidade da condição e sua duração globalmente. Durante o período de 1990 a 2010, houve um aumento na incidência do AVE, principalmente em países de baixa e média renda.
Entrevista com Alexandre Boide
Authors: Bertolini Judithe , Dias Fernanda Henriques
Published: February 2025

Escritor e tradutor experiente, Alexandre Boide é responsável pela tradução de romances best-seller eletrizantes, tais como Os Sete Maridos de Evelyn Hugo (2019), Daisy Jones & the Six (2019), Amor(es) Verdadeiro(s) (2020) e muitos outros. Nesta entrevista, o profissional fala um pouco sobre a rotina da atividade tradutória, aponta seus desafios e discorre, ainda, acerca das tendências do mercado editorial, além de oferecer dicas valiosas a tradutores em formação.
Principles for the Future of Biomedical Research in the United States and Optimizing the National Institutes of Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association
Authors: Wu Joseph C. , Arnett Donna K. , Benjamin Ivor J. , Creager Mark A. , Harrington Robert A. , Hill Joseph A. , Ho P. Michael , Houser Steven R. , Scarmo Stephanie , Shah Svati H. , Tomaselli Gordon F. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association
Published: February 2025

Groundbreaking achievements in science and medicine have contributed to reductions in cardiovascular disease and stroke mortality over the past 7 decades. Many of these advances were supported through investments by the National Institutes of Health, the global leader in funding biomedical research. This public investment has produced important economic returns, including supporting >400 000 jobs and roughly $93 billion in economic activity in the United States. Unfortunately, public funding has not kept pace with the burden of disease or rates of inflation. As the nation’s oldest and largest volunteer organization dedicated to fighting heart disease and stroke, research is critical to the American Heart Association’s mission. Given the American Heart Association’s unique position in representation of patients, clinicians, and scientists and as a research funder, we offer the following principles to optimize the future of the US biomedical research enterprise in general and the National Institutes of Health in particular. Specifically, the United States should continue to prioritize innovative and impactful research; to improve efficiency and transparency in its peer review process; to lead in translating evidence into practice; to support the current and future biomedical workforce; and to ensure robust and reliable public investment for the future. The American Heart Association reiterates our strong support for the National Institutes of Health and federal agencies that fund and implement biomedical and population-based research initiatives, which yield important economic returns. These agencies are vital to support today’s current and future health challenges, to drive foundational science, to improve patient health, to reduce the global disease burden, to address upstream and preventive strategies, and to improve the value of our public health and health care investments.