bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Criminological Principles of Crime Prevention in the Field of Physical Culture and Sports of Ukraine
Authors: Dixi Revista , Dzhuzha Olexandr M. , Vasylevych Vitaly V. , Telefanko Bohdan M. , Filipenko Nataliіa E.
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine to what extent the criminological foundation has been established by Ukraine in ensuring it's prevention in the domain of physical culture and sport. Crime commission has been always in the increase in every society even though with the existence of credible principles and sanctions. We all know that in the domain of physical culture and sport experience of all nature of crimes are encountered and this has affected the very existence of this discipline. There is no way we can have an effective recognition of this fields if appropriate measures and not taken in curbing the crime level in the areas. Crime in the field of physical culture and sports covers almost all types of crime of the Special Part of Criminology. The current lack of objective data on state statistics on issues of our interest, and the urgent need to study crimes in the field of physical culture and sports require the development of appropriate conceptual approaches to collecting and summarizing own empirical information, taking into account the tasks of this research and perspectives of implementing obtained results into practical activities of police units. The authors of the article have tried to develop criminological characteristics and prevention of crimes in the field of physical culture and sports. The authors have emphasized the high latency of this type of crime, as well as the methodology of research of this phenomenon; they have revealed the brief characteristics of the criminal’s personality in the field of physical culture and sports. Preventive measures against these crimes have been grounded. Propositions for improving the legal regulation of criminal and legal prevention of criminal encroachments within sports have been provided.tribute to improving the health, physical and spiritual development of the population.
Una mirada a las Organizaciones Solidarias activas en la Provincia de Guanentá Departamento de Santander Colombia.
Authors: Corzo Gutiérrez Nohora , Sarmiento Blanco Uriel , Fajardo Miguel Arturo
Published: October 2021

La economía solidaria ha evolucionado durante más de 40 años, a tal grado que algunos investigadores ven

a las provincias del sur de Santander como un escenario del Modelo Cooperativista, una gran alternativa

de desarrollo para las regiones. Por lo anterior, el objetivo general este estudio fue la caracterización de las

Organizaciones Solidarias (os) activas en la provincia de Guanentá. En primer lugar, se identificaron las organizaciones solidarias existentes, posteriormente, se realizó un mapeo de dichas entidades y, finalmente, se identificaron algunas experiencias solidarias significativas presentes en la región. Para la investigación, se

utilizó como metodología un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo), de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio y

de corte transversal. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la encuesta y la entrevista, el instrumento utilizado fue el

cuestionario. Cabe mencionar que la encuesta se aplicó a 399 os y la entrevista a 11 os identificadas como

experiencias significativas. Los hallazgos encontrados servirán de fuente de información para las instituciones interesadas en fortalecer el desarrollo de la economía solidaria en los municipios. Asimismo, el artículo resalta las características del capital social de las organizaciones solidarias, especialmente, su compromiso y su acción en la transformación social.
New species and records of Afrotropical Campopleginae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Vas Zoltán , Di Giovanni Filippo
Published: October 2021

Two new Afrotropical ichneumon wasp species are described: Casinaria latericia Vas, sp. n. from Uganda, and Venturia mortifera Vas, sp. n. from Burundi. First records of Charops ater Szépligeti, 1908 from Burundi, Charops electrinus Vas, 2020 from Central African Republic, and Charops juliannae Vas, 2020 from Uganda are reported. With 2 figures.
First record of Geocoris pallidipennis from Hungary (Hemiptera: Geocoridae)
Authors: Nagy Zoltán
Published: October 2021

Adult individuals of Geocoris pallidipennis (Costa, 1843) were observed and collected at the end of October 2019 and 2020 in Szászvár (Baranya county), Hungary. They were found in a drainage ditch in the village. This is the first Hungarian record of the species. With 2 figures.
Longhorn beetles in the entomological collections of the Republic of Moldova (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Bacal Svetlana , Burduja Daniela , Buşmachiu Galina , Cebotari Cristina , Merkl Ottó
Published: October 2021

The first inventory of Cerambycidae species kept in the collections of the Republic of Moldova is presented. A total of 121 species belonging to 60 genera and 6 subfamilies is listed, of them 5 are cited for the first time in the country. The specimens were collected between 1912 and 2019 and are kept in four entomological collections in the capital city Chişinau: the Museum of Entomology, the Institute of Zoology, the Museum of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History and the Museum of the State University of Moldova. The list of Cerambycidae species known to occur in Moldova has been expanded to 148 species.
A new species of Eptacus Desbrochers des Loges, 1908 from Syria (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)
Authors: Szénási Valentin
Published: October 2021

Eptacus cylindriclavatus sp. n. is described from Syria, compared with similar congeners, and main diagnostic characters are figured. The new species was discovered near the city of Palmyra. It is relatively easily recognizable by the shape of the antennal club and rostrum. With 16 figures.
New species and records of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera)
Authors: Vas Zoltán
Published: October 2021

Temelucha xana sp. n. is described from Spain. First records of Campoletis crassicornis (Tschek, 1871) from Algeria and Western Sahara, Campoletis katalinarum Vas, 2019 from Syria, Campoletis vimmeri (Gregor, 1938) from Albania, Dusona leptogaster (Holmgren, 1860) from Hungary, Meloboris collector (Thunberg, 1822) from Morocco and Rwanda, Nemeritis macrocentra (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Montenegro, Nepiesta tibialis Horstmann, 1977 from Greece, Temelucha annulata (Szépligeti, 1899) from North Macedonia, Temelucha caudata (Szépligeti, 1899) from Armenia and North Macedonia, Temelucha cylindrator Narolsky, 1987 from Greece, Temelucha decorata (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Armenia, Temelucha genalis (Szépligeti, 1899) from North Macedonia, Temelucha lucida (Szépligeti, 1899) and Temelucha minuta (Morley, 1912) from Spain, Temelucha variipes (Szépligeti, 1899) from North Macedonia, Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781) from Western Sahara, Homotropus elegans (Gravenhorst, 1829) from Morocco and Western Sahara, Enicospilus glabratus (Say, 1835) from Martinique, and Thyreodon rufothorax Cameron, 1886 from French Guiana are reported. With one figure.
Another breakthrough in power supply technology – lithium-ion batteries: 2019 Nobel Prize winners in chemistry John Goodenough, Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino
Authors: Tyutyunnik Vyacheslav M.
Published: October 2021

In 2019, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to the creators of lithium-ion batteries, who over the past half century have literally revolutionized the battery power supply. The prize was shared equally by American physicist and materials expert John Bannister Goodenough, British-American chemist Michael Stanley Whittingham and Japanese process chemist Akira Yoshino. The operation of lithium-ion batteries is based on the electrochemical oxidation reactions of lithium metal, which is part of the anode. When discharged, lithium is oxidized and its cation moves to the cathode; when charged, under the action of the applied electrical voltage, lithium cations move to the anode, where the recovery occurs. The biographies of the laureates and their main achievements are described briefly. Lithium-ion batteries are produced in huge quantities and have created another breakthrough in energy supply technology.
The effect of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction on direct and backward transition between magnetic states of Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pr synthetic ferrimagnet
Authors: Talantsev Artem D. , Kunitsyna Ekaterina I. , Morgunov Roman B.
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we present the study of domain structure accompanying interstate transitions in Pt/Co/Ir/Co/Pr synthetic ferrimagnet (SF) of 1.1 nm thick and 0.6 – 1.0 nm thin ferromagnetic Co layers. Variation in the thickness of the thin layer causes noticeable changes in the domain structure and mechanism of magnetization reversal revealed by MOKE (Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect) technique. Magnetization reversal includes coherent rotation of magnetization of the ferromagnetic layers, generation of magnetic nuclei, spreading of domain walls (DW), and development of areas similar with strip domains, dependently on thickness of the thin layer. Inequivalence of the direct and backward transitions between magnetic states of SF with parallel and antiparallel magnetizations was observed in sample with thin layer thicknesses 0.8 nm and 1.0 nm. Asymmetry of the transition between these states is expressed in difference fluctuation fields and shapes of reversal magnetization nucleus contributing to the correspondent forward and backward transitions. We proposed simple model based on asymmetry of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. This model explains competition between nucleation and domain wall propagation due to increase/decrease of the DW energy dependently on direction of the spin rotation into the DW in respect to external field.
Methodology for creating and studying units
for adsorption separation and purification of gas mixtures
Authors: Akulinin Evgeny I. , Golubyatnikov Oleg O. , Dvoretsky Dmitry S. , Dvoretsky Stanislav I.
Published: October 2021

Methodology for creating and studying technological processes and resource-saving units for adsorption separation and purification of gas mixtures (atmospheric air, synthesis gas) with cyclically changing pressure was developed. A problem-oriented hardware-software complex designed to study the properties and operation regimes of units for adsorption separation of gas mixtures and extraction of product gases was created. The complex can also be used to prepare initial data for the design of industrial units for separation and purification of gas mixtures by the method of pressure swing adsorption. The coefficients of mass transfer and mass conductivity in the adsorbent were calculated for the processes during adsorption and desorption of the adsorptive (nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and monoxide, hydrogen) using experimentally obtained kinetic curves, and the adequacy of mathematical models was established.
Using the hardware-software complex, experimental and numerical studies of technological processes for extraction of product gases (oxygen and hydrogen with a purity of 45 to 95.5 vol.%, from 99 to 99.99 vol.%, respectively), the effect of mass and heat exchange processes and operating variables (“adsorption-desorption” cycle time, pressure at the adsorption step), disturbing influences (composition and temperature of the initial gas mixture) on the performance indicators of the pressure swing adsorption unit were carried out.
Legal Regulation of the Administrative Territorial Structure
of National Autonomies in 1977–1991
(the Example of the South of Russia)
Authors: Gunaev E.A.
Published: October 2021

The historical and legal aspects of the administrative-territorial structure of the national autonomies of the South of Russia in the period from the adoption of the Constitution of the USSR in 1977 to the collapse of the USSR in 1991 are investigated. The constitutional foundations, acts of the supreme bodies of state power of the RSFSR on the issues of the administrative-territorial structure of autonomies were analyzed. The legal specificity of the regulation of the issues of the administrative-territorial structure in relation to the autonomous republics and autonomous regions has been revealed. The examples of the regulation of the administrative-territorial structure are given on the example of the autonomies of the South of the RSFSR. In 1990-1991, political and legal processes of sovereignty had a significant influence on the reform of the administrative-territorial division. The specificity of the autonomy of the South of Russia was in the problems of territorial rehabilitation of the repressed peoples and territorial disputes.
The Religious Roots of the American Concept of Human Rights
Authors: Kurkin B. A.
Published: October 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the primary source of the modern concept of human rights – the United States Declaration of Independence, a document directly related to the “Jefferson’s Bible” quilted by the author of the Declaration T. Jefferson. The author emphasizes that the United States of America were perceived by Jefferson as New Israel, the idea traditionally supported by the dominant US ideology, which determines the nature of foreign policy and the interpretation of international law.
Tracing historical dynamics of Jeffersonian ideas, the author briefly analyses the current state of human rights concept in international law in its constant political time-serving changes.
The author concludes that the concept of human rights does not have its own ontology, and in modern conditions becomes the basis of the idea of the West exceptionalism in relation to the rest of the world.
The article notes that the idea upheld by the West concerning the primacy of human rights over the principle of State sovereignty leads to the collapse of the entire system of international relations and international law and means permanent war.
Institute of Reconciliation
in the History of Russian Criminal Justice
(Pre-Revolutionary Period)
Authors: Popadenko E. V.
Published: October 2021

The emergence, formation and development of the institution of reconciliation of the parties as a means of resolving legal conflicts have a long history.
The origins of reconciliation were primarily laid down in rituals, and later were reflected in laws. At the same time, the institution of reconciliation is mentioned in almost all major history law documents - from Russian Truth to the Judicial Statutes of 1864.Thus, the article shows the development of the institution of reconciliation in Russia from ancient times to the end of the 19th century. The traditions of brother-making and refusal of blood feud are replaced by the procedure for apologizing and filing a reconciliation petition.
The article shows how the complication of social relations gradually changed the position towards crime – firstly it was perceived as an insult to a person, but with the strengthening of state power it was seen as an unlawful act, violation of the norms established by the state, where the latter is almost always considered the main victim. This, accordingly, affected the change in attitudes towards the institution of reconciliation – from stimulating the rule-maker to the peaceful settlement of criminal-legal conflicts by the parties to the establishment of a ban on reconciliation in most categories of criminal cases.
Regulation of Alimony Obligations
in the Russian Federation and Foreign Countries
Authors: Vorobyova S. V. , Kuzmenko E. Yu.
Published: October 2021

Modern legal relations in the field of regulation of alimony obligations have become relevant. These legal relations arise on the basis of certain legal facts. This article discusses the issues of alimony obligations in the Russian Federation and a number of foreign countries. There is a certain need to analyze the family legislation of States where there is a positive experience in the regulation of alimony obligations that meets the requirements of the parties to these legal relations.
Examining the international aspects of this institution, it can be noted that the mechanism for collecting alimony is similar to that used in Russia. Nevertheless, states have differences in the amount of alimony obligations established, the procedure for paying alimony, the availability of the ability of individuals to independently and mutually resolve this issue, and the age at which the child is provided with material support differs. However, there is no doubt that the family is the most important social institution of any state and different countries use different approaches to maintain it, which try to maintain a balance between the interests of the child and the interests of the parent. In particular, for such support, the institution of alimony obligations has been created and is being developed, which provides property guarantees to those in need.
Features of Application of X-Ray Surveillance Systems
at Transport Infrastructure Facilities: Legal Regime and Directions
for the Development of National Security with the Purpose
of Preventing Circumstances in the Era
Authors: Isakov R. V. , Petrochenkov S. D. , Tetkin D. V.
Published: October 2021

The paper examines the types of X-ray inspection installations and their effect on the body of the inspected persons. It also investigates the issues of minimizing the passage of inspection activities using X-ray installations for certain categories of citizens in the framework of the implementation of an innovative legal regime, the possibility of optimizing inspection activities by introducing artificial intelligence systems.
The article focuses on the topical problems that arise during inspection activities using X-ray equipment: privacy, harmlessness, “human factor”. The ways of solving the indicated problems are proposed.
A number of general scientific and specific scientific methods of cognition were used: dialectical, systemic, analysis, modeling, etc. In the course of using these methods, the authors characterize the types of X-ray inspection installations and predictably set out problematic issues requiring legal regulation. Conclusions are also made about the possibility of using artificial intelligence systems when conducting inspection activities, both in Russia and in other countries.
Legal Basis for the Operation of Metering Devices
Authors: Savin K. N. , Sheps R. A.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the main legal issues of accounting for municipal resources in the housing and communal services in terms of energy supply and cold water supply. The main problematic issues that arise in the application of legal norms related to the operation of engineering systems and the receipt of utility resources by consumers are presented. Proposals on the legal regulation of conflict situations between consumers and utility service providers are given.
Acoustic Monitoring of the Dispersed Composition
of Air Bubbles in Aeriated Waste Water Purification Processes
Authors: Gavriliev S. A. , Ivanov M. V.
Published: October 2021

A passive acoustic method is proposed for monitoring
the dispersed composition of air bubbles, which determines the efficiency of wastewater treatment in facilities with aeration systems, in treatment facilities with aeration systems. The principal possibility of applying
the method has been demonstrated on an experimental plant assembled
on the basis of a flotation column. The size of the bubbles created by the flotation column aeration system was determined photometrically.
It is shown that the error in determining the bubble radii by the proposed method relative to the photometric method was no more than 17.5%.
Aerobics Classes as a Means of Forming the Fundamentals
of a Healthy Lifestyle in First-Year Female Students University
Authors: Gruzdev A. N. , Dutov S. Yu. , Komendantov G. A. , Shamshina N. V.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the content of the annual cycle
of health related aerobics classes with first-year female students
at university implemented within the framework of the discipline “Physical Education”. Their favorable influence on the interest of girls who took part in the experiment to the main components of a healthy lifestyle and
the desire to adhere to the rules of its observance was determined, as well as positive changes in the physical fitness of first-year students were revealed.
Polynomial Filtering Algorithm Applied to Navigation Data Processing under Quadratic Nonlinearities in System and Measurement Equations. Part 1. Description and Comparison with Kalman Type Algorithms
Authors:   (Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia, Stepanov О.А. ,   ITMO University, Litvinenko Yu.A. ,   (Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, St. Petersburg, Russia; ITMO University, Vasiliev V.A. ,   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC; ITMO University; St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University LETI, Toropov A.B. ,   Concern CSRI Elektropribor, JSC, Basin M.V. ,   ITMO University; Autonomous University of Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico
Published: October 2021

The paper considers the filtering problems solved in navigation data processing under quadratic nonlinearities both in system and measurement equations. A Kalman type recursive algorithm is proposed, where the predicted estimate and gain at each step are calculated based on the assumption on the Gaussian posterior proba-bility density function of the estimated vector at the previous step and minimization of estimation error covariance matrix using a linear procedure with respect to the current measurement. The similarities between this algorithm and other Kalman type algorithms such as extended and secondorder Kalman filters are discussed. The procedure for estimating the performance and comparing the algorithms is presented.
A Fast Search-Free Algorithm for Star Sensor Frame Identification by Star Configurations. A Version of Onboard Implementation
Authors:   Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Barke V.V. , Venkstern А.А. ,   Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Kottsov V.A. ,   Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Tavrov A.V. ,   Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Yudaev A.V. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russia
Published: October 2021

The paper presents a method for identifying the frame of a star sensor (SS), based on determination of the star local features allowing its unique recognition. The star identifiers are located in a multidimensional integer feature space, and the relevant feature catalog presents a disperse array, which provides search-free star determination. Examples of onboard implementation of feature catalog are presented, containing the stars up to magnitude of six. The required memory is estimated, and a method is proposed for compressing the feature catalog to be recorded in the onboard computer memory. The frame identification algorithm using the reduced feature catalog is described in detail. The algorithm was tested on real sky frames.
Glycerol stock preparation v1
Authors: not provided Ashwinuday
Published: October 2021

This protocol is for the preparation of 10% glycerol stocks of bacterial strains.
MIBI staining v3
Authors: MB Bosse Marc , Bendall Sean , Angelo Mike
Published: October 2021

This protocol is the standard FFPE tissue staining procedure recommended for Multiplex Ion Beam Imaging Time of Flight instrument (MIBI_TOF) developed in the Sean C. Bendall and Michael R. Angelo labs. The protocol has been successfully used for MIBI and is the result of extensive optimization experiments. It is inspired from state-of-the art of immunohistochemistry staining procedures but differs in some very important steps, namely, glutaraldehyde fixation and final washes prior tissue dehydration. Failure to follow exactly all steps described in this procedure may result in inconsistencies in output data after MIBI_TOF acquisition.
ON UKRAINIAN CONSTITUTIONALISM AND ITS DEVELOPMENT DURING THE RESTORATION OF UKRAINE'S INDEPENDENCE
Authors: Matat A.
Published: October 2021

The paper deals with the study of Ukrainian constitutionalism and its development during the restoration of Ukraine's independence. The category of "constitutionalism" is a topical issue in legal doctrine, and it is analysed concerning various aspects in constitutional law and the theory and history of law. Constitutionalism is a universal concept that contains the basic principles and values, but a certain specificity of this term has its own feature regarding the example of a particular state. That is why the category of "constitutionalism" is an actual topic. The article aims to examine constitutionalism and its features in Ukrainian legal system. The author places special emphasis on the period of restoration of Ukraine's independence. The independence of Ukraine influences the peculiarities of the development of Ukrainian constitutionalism, which derives from the European model of constitutionalism. The Constitution of Ukraine is an important object of analysis of the specifics of Ukrainian constitutionalism. The author determines that the Constitution of Ukraine enshrines independence as the basis of the constitutional order. Article 1 of the Constitution of Ukraine states that Ukraine is an independent state and the Constitutional Court of Ukraine's practice reveals the essence of independence as a constitutional value and a constitutional principle. The author uses systematic, structural, and comparative legal methods as a complex approach to obtaining the results of the research. Finally, the research contains the conclusions that enable the author to provoke the motivation for studying the outlined topic in other scientific works. The paper aims at contributing to the growing research highlighting the current issues of Ukrainian constitutionalism. Keywords: constitutionalism, Ukrainian constitutionalism, independence, restoration of independence of Ukraine, Constitution of Ukraine.
Characterization of Time-Varying Backgrounds in the PROSPECT Experiment
Authors:   , Kyzylova Olga , Dolinski Michelle J
Published: October 2021

Recent reactor neutrino experiments aimed for the study of neutrino oscillations exhibited anomalies in both flux and the antineutrino spectrum. The ~6% defficiency of observed flux with respect to theoretical predictions, called the Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly, can be explained through flaws in theoretical model of reactor antineutrino spectrum or existence of eV-scale sterile neutrino state leading to meter-scale neutrino oscillations. The anomaly in spectrum in the energies 4-6 MeV raised a question about insufficiency of our reactor nuclear model. The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment (PROSPECT) was developed to study these anomalies by looking at antineutrino oscillations at short (<12 m) baselines from a highly-enriched (~ 93% 235U) uranium reactor core. The detector precisely measured and compared the 235U antineutrino spectrum to the existing nuclear data and performed a reactor-model independent search for eV-scale sterile neutrino oscillations, extending current parameter map of sterile neutrinos. The major challenge of the PROSPECT experiment is distinguishing the rare neutrino signal from a very high background rate on the surface. One of the strategies that PROSPECT utilizes for this is a background subtraction - a bin-by-bin energy spectrum subtraction when the reactor is shut down from when the reactor is operating. This work discusses the background measurements of PROSPECT detector, attributing the time variation of the background to the environmental parameters, evolution of the detector, and the operation status of the reactor, and presents details of successful handling of the background subtraction.
A comparative analysis of air pollution levels during times of international uncertainty: The financial crisis of 2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020
Authors: Vora Ammar , Hale Hillary
Published: October 2021

During a crisis, economies stagnate as uncertainty grows about the future state of the world. The financial crisis of 2008 led to a severe recession where the global economy halted for approximately two years, causing unemployment and poverty [1]. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which attacks the respiratory system [2], was first identified in Wuhan, China, in late December of 2019. Within a matter of months, it spread globally causing economies to shut down. As distinct as the financial crisis of 2008 may seem from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, both have had devastating effects on national economies and industrial production, resulting in an overall decrease in air pollutant emissions such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Therefore, parallels can be made between air pollution levels during each crisis. Given air pollution rates increased after the financial crisis of 2008 [3], it is likely air pollution will also rise in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to support this argument by analyzing air pollution trends outlined in the results of several published papers.
Application of Artificial Neural Network to ANPR: An Overview
Authors: Paruchuri Harish
Published: October 2021

Vehicle owner documentation and traffic flow mechanism have contributed to a major issue in each country. From time to time it turns out to be challenging to detect car owners who fault traffic regulations. Hence, it of interest to us to investigate designs for automatic number plate detection structure as a clarification and proffer solution to this issue. There are several automatic number plate detection or recognition structure existing today. The structure is according to diverse methods nonetheless automatic number plate recognition is still a difficult job as many of the parameters such as a fast-moving vehicle, non-uniform car number plate, the language used in writing the vehicle number and various lighting situations may hinder 100% detection rate. Many of the structure-function underneath these boundaries. This paper review diverse methods of automatic number plate recognition considering success rate, picture size, and processing time as factors.  However, automatic number plate detection is recommended for traffic regulating agencies.
Splenic and hepatic artery aneurysm: a case report
Authors: Malo Raúl Andrés Troya , Suárez Luna Luis Ernesto , Gómez Gloria Barrera , Reyes Karina Sánchez
Published: October 2021

Visceral artery aneurysms (VAA) have an incidence of 0.01-2% and are mainly diagnosed as an incidental finding in imaging studies done for other reasons. Their mortality when ruptured can be as high has 75%. We present a rare case of multiple visceral artery aneurysms that presented as dull abdominal pain and were managed with open surgery in accordance to specific treatment criteria.
Nasal foreign bodies: our experience
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Malhotra Abhishek
Published: October 2021

Background: The experience of a mother of a child with a foreign body stuck in its nasal cavity can be quite panicky and horrifying. The nasal foreign bodies are one of the commonest emergencies in the department of otorhinolaryngology. The common foreign body objects that are removed from the nasal cavity includes beads, pencil butts, peas or other grains, seeds, sponge, stones, paper bits, erasers, metallic objects, crayons, batteries.Methods: An observational prospective study was performed at the department of otorhinolaryngology, government medical college, Kathua, Jammu and Kashmir. In this study we examined 120 cases of foreign body nose that had presented to us from March 2019 up to March 2020. Once detected a written consent was obtained from the patient’s attendants after duly explaining the involved risks to the child. Thereafter the foreign bodies were removed using appropriate instruments. Microsoft Excel tool were used to analyze and interpretate the data.Results: Amongst the 120 patients, there were 23 adults and 97 children under 10 years. Study included 72 males and 48 females. The 86 patients had a clear history of foreign body insertion. The 12 patients were brought to our OPD with history of a long standing unilateral nasal discharge. The 12 patients had presented with history of epistaxis. Eight patients had presented with headache and recurrent episodes of rhinorrhea. Two cases presented with symptoms of pain over the nasal bridge and swelling.  In our study 86% of the patients were brought with a history of foreign body insertion and only 14% a foreign body was detected when the child had presented to the outpatient department with nasal complaints. Amongst the patients 88 of them (74%) had presented with foreign bodies in their right nostril.Conclusions: Any history of insertion of a foreign body inside the nose should be thoroughly investigated. Appropriate clinical examination and diagnostic nasal endoscopy (wherever indicated) should be done. Appropriate instrument should be selected and used for foreign body removal.
High incidences of low serum magnesium in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia than in normal pregnancy
Authors: Mondal Chaitali , Das Dipak
Published: October 2021

Background: Hypertension is one of the most frequently encountered medical disorder in obstetrics practice and remain a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives was to find out the high incidences of low serum magnesium in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia than in normal pregnancy.Methods: All consenting 50 cases of normal pregnant women and 50 women with pre-eclampsia attending antenatal clinic for checkup of ≥20 weeks who fulfills the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Serum magnesium was measured by Calmagite method.Results: Out of 100 primigravidae 50 cases of pre-eclampsia women were in the age group of 18-30 years and the mean serum magnesium was 1.156±0.328. In contrast out of 50 cases of pregnant women were in the age group of 18-30 years and the mean serum magnesium was 1.907±0.321. The difference between the mean serum magnesium level in pre-eclampsia and normal pregnant women cases were statistically significant (p=0.0016). The study presented below it is clear that there are numerous factors that contribute to the causality of pre-eclampsia and from our analysis it was clear that the serum magnesium levels show an irregular pattern of fluctuations in cases suffering from pre-eclampsia and can be attributed to numerous physiological causes.Conclusions: Our study shows a significant reduction of serum magnesium levels in pre-eclampsia cases compared to normal pregnant women and occurrence of both maternal and neonatal complications with the serum magnesium levels decreased.
Taalpatriottisme van Becanus tot Grotius
Authors: Hamans Camiel
Published: October 2021

In this study the linguistic ideas of Goropius Becanus (1519-1573) and his followers Hendrik Laurensz Spieghel (1549-1612), Simon Stevin (1548-1620) and Hugo Grotius (1583-1645) are studied. Goropius Becanus has a poor reputation for his fantastic etymologies, which have been ridiculed by, for example, Leibniz. However, Becanus’ ideas about the position and value of his Dutch mother tongue have been influential for more than a century, as is demonstrated. He was not only held in high esteem in the Low Countries but also in Germany, where a similar linguistic patriotism flourished in the 17th century. Goropius Becanus and his supporters should be appreciated as linguistic patriots who fought for equal rights for their language.
Rebellen en autoriteit: De ambtenaar, de leraar en de tedere anarchist – E. Ternest, A. Hans en L. P. Boon – over Jan de Lichte
Authors: Bossaert Benjamin
Published: October 2021

It cannot be denied that historical figures, when literarized, are also coloured by their respective authors and how they can be found in the literary field and also played a role outside their literary context. The Author would like to assume a literary sociological point of view, and in this contribution the tension between the authority and autonomy of the author is linked to the characters he has created. In this research, the Author focuses on the Flemish hero Jan de Lichte and three authors who have written a work about Jan de Lichte’s gang. He starts with Ernest Ternest from Wetteren. It is interesting to consider for a moment the reputation and the life and work of popular writer Abraham Hans, who was born in (Sint-Maria-)Horebeke in a community now known as the Geuzenhoek, a small Protestant community in at that time predominantly Catholic Flanders. Finally, the Author looks at the role outside the literary field of Louis Paul Boon, who also called himself a tender anarchist, worked for a while as a journalist for the left-wing magazine De Roode Vaan and immediately after the Second World War sympathised with communist ideas.
Doświadczenia „wygnańcze” ludności jako skutek działań militarnych na Półwyspie Iberyjskim w okresie średniowiecza
Authors: Niewiński Andrzej
Published: October 2021

Ciągle trwające przez kilka stuleci działania militarne w okresie dominacji muzułmańskiej, a następnie stopniowego odzyskiwania terytoriów przez chrześcijan skutkowały utworzeniem się społeczeństwa zmilitaryzowanego (szczególnie w obszarach przygranicznych), którego codzienną egzystencję cechował duży stopień zagrożenia i niepewności. Towarzyszyły temu takie zjawiska, jak ucieczka, wygnanie, wysiedlenie, emigracja, wyludnienie uprzednio zamieszkanych obszarów.

Największe straty ponosiła ludność zamieszkująca obszary wiejskie – konieczność częstej zmiany miejsc zamieszkania skutkowała wyjałowieniem ziemi uprawnej. Ciągłe zmiany powodowała trwająca rekonkwista. W sytuacji, gdy władca chrześcijański nie pozwalał muzułmanom na opuszczenie zdobytego przez siebie terytorium, rozpowszechniała się nielegalna emigracja. Z kolei wypędzenie muzułmanów z terenów odzyskanych stwarzało konieczność zasiedlenia tych miejscowości przez ludność chrześcijańską, do czego zachęcano m.in. za pomocą przywilejów. Część miejscowości jednak po ich opuszczeniu pozostawała niezamieszkana. Uchodźstwo bywało skutkiem najazdu (uchodźcy szukali schronienia w górach i twierdzach, gdzie następnie próbowali stawiać opór, bądź po prostu szukali bezpieczniejszego miejsca zamieszkania), ciężkich warunków życia lub epidemii (np. dżumy, która zdziesiątkowała ludność w XIV wieku). Jeszcze innym doświadczeniem wygnańczym był los jeńców, którzy mogli zostać sprzedani jako niewolnicy i wywiezieni do innego kraju lub byli zmuszeni do niewolniczej pracy, która stanowiła równowartość okupu i stwarzała możliwość odzyskania wolności.
Nieznane okoliczności złożenia szczątków króla Stanisława Leszczyńskiego w Petersburgu w 1857 r. w świetle relacji Bernarda i Rogera Łubieńskich na tle losów bpa Konstantego Ireneusza Łubieńskiego
Authors: Dąbrosz-Drewnowska Paulina
Published: October 2021

Artykuł przedstawia okoliczności złożenia w kościele św. Katarzyny w Petersburgu w 1857 r. trumienki ze szczątkami króla Stanisława Leszczyńskiego. Szczątki te w 1922 r. ostatecznie zostały przywiezione do Polski i złożone na Wawelu. Mimo że w historiografii zajmowano się problemem „peregrynacji” szczątków królewskich z Francji do Rosji i ich ostatecznym przywiezieniem do Polski, nieznane pozostawały okoliczności pochówku trumienki w Petersburgu, gdzie spoczęła obok trumny ostatniego polskiego króla Stanisława Augusta Poniatowskiego. Nieznane były ponadto osoby, które się do tego przyczyniły. Artykuł pokazuje rolę, jaką odegrała w tych wydarzeniach rodzina Łubieńskich, a zwłaszcza ks. Konstanty Ireneusz Łubieński, późniejszy biskup sejneński. Przedstawione losy duchownego na podstawie wspomnień rodziny i zaprzyjaźnionych duchownych pozwalają zrozumieć, dlaczego pochowanie trumienki w Petersburgu było w ogóle możliwe.
Morphological variability and state of Delphinium pubiflorum (Ranunculaceae) populations in the Saratov region
Authors:   Saratov State University, Bogoslov Artem V. , Kashin Alexandr S. ,   Saratov State University, Shilova Irina V. ,   Saratov State University, Parhomenko Alena S. ,   Saratov State University, Grebenyuk Liudmila V. ,   Saratov State University
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of studying the morphological state of three populations of Delphinium pubiflorum on the basis of quantitative traits measured over four years during the period of mass flowering of plants. The greatest difference in quantitative characteristics was shown by the populations from the Krasnoarmeisky and Tatishchevsky districts of the Saratov region. The differences between the populations are mainly associated with the overall size of the leaves and the quantitative indicators of the axial structure, in particular the length of the generative shoot, as well as the generative sphere – the length of the inflorescence and the number of flowers associated with the latter. In the field, with a visual assessment of the state of the populations, it was noted that plants in the best condition, were those from the Tatishchevsky district. As for the population from the Krasnoarmeisky district, the state of its individuals was the worst.
Blenderized Tube Feeding in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic review
Authors: Bahramian Behnam , Talebi Saeedeh , Rezaie Mitra
Published: October 2021

Background: Enteral feeding (EF) is the delivery of liquid nutritional support through a tube for hospitalized patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction who are incapable of eating or unable to meet their nutritional requirements via the oral route. Hospitals’ reports indicate an increased interest and demand for blenderized tube feeding (BTF) as an alternative to commercial enteral formulas particularly in families of tube fed children. In particular, by increasing food sensitivity and more complex identification in children, BTF allows families to adjust their diet to their children's needs. This systematic review aimed to summarize the published evidence regarding BTF in pediatric patients.
Methods: Literature search was conducted in four databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, using multiple keywords, such as blenderized tube feeding, blended formula, homemade enteral nutrition, pediatric, and children. Out of 103 retrieved articles, 6 were selected and reviewed.
Results: Six articles were eligible to be included in the current review. The results showed that calories were approximately 1kcal/g, protein 13 -22%, fat 30 - 34%, and carbohydrates intake 45-55% of total energy intake.
Conclusions: The results indicated that BTF is acceptable and can be administered to children; however, due to concerns about calorie and macronutrients deficiency, it should be providing under the supervision of a nutritionist.  BTFs are a good choice among children; since they can improve gastrointestinal symptoms and are a good option for families who use EF for their children at home. Most pediatric patients use BTFs as a portion of their EF, making it necessary that nutritionists and physicians expand their knowledge about BTFs to appropriately care for these pediatric patients.
Concepts in Evaluating Effective Clinical Education: A Qualitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experiences
Authors: Seyedamini Bayaneh , Nouri Mahdi , Mahmoudifar Yosef , Esmaillo Yaser
Published: October 2021

Background: Improving the quality of clinical nursing education requires continuous review of the current situation to address weaknesses. Students are the best sources to identify clinical education problems.
Objectives: This study aimed to extend our knowledge about students’ views on the problems related to effective clinical education.
Methods: Following a qualitative approach, the current study was conducted on nursing students in selected teaching hospitals in Mahabad, Iran, in 2019. Twenty students were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews based on the real experiences of nursing students of learning in a clinical education environment with answers to nine open-ended questions. The qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the data.
Results: All interviews were transcribed to identify conceptual codes. Four general concepts and sub-concepts were identified, which included factors related to the clinical education environment, learners, clients, and clinical education instructors.
Conclusions: Those who are responsible for making nursing education policies can use the findings to improve the quality of clinical education and develop students’ competencies to better care for patients, mainly by emphasizing clinical learning environments (e.g., facilities, empowering educational instructors, increasing students’ self-confidence, and client-to-student trust), which will translate into more interested and motivated students.
The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Kurdistan Province, Iran, from 2011 through 2017
Authors: Moradi Shahram , Moradi Ghobad , Piroozi Bakhtiar
Published: October 2021

Background: Calculating the burden of diseases is essential for their monitoring. The burden of cardiovascular diseases in Kurdistan Province has not been reported. This study aimed at calculating the burden of cardiovascular diseases in the Kurdistan Province from 2011 through 2017.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, incidence data were extracted from registration systems. The methods of the World Health Organization (WHO) were employed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of cardiovascular diseases in the Kurdistan Province. DALYs were calculated by summing the years of life lost (YLLs) and the years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for sex, age group, and year.
Results: The burden of cardiovascular diseases increased from 18569.1 DALYs in 2011 to 34929.8 DALYs in 2017. The highest increase and the largest decrease in DALY according to the all age-standardized DALYs index were related to acute myocardial infarction and heart failure in women, respectively. The highest DALYs in both sexes were in the age group of over 80 years.
Conclusion: The burden of cardiovascular diseases is increasing in the Iranian province of Kurdistan. It is, therefore, essential to implement appropriate and adequate interventions such as lifestyle modification, extensive screening, public education promotion, and operational plan development. We hope our results will aid decision-makers in performing urgent interventions.
Remdesivir-Associated Significant Bradycardia: A Report of Three Cases
Authors: Shirvani Maria , Sayad Babak , Shojaei Lida , Amini Azadeh , Shahbazi Foroud
Published: October 2021

Recently, remdesivir was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We herein describe 3 patients with COVID-19 who showed significant bradycardia and QTc prolongation after remdesivir administration. Bradycardia did not respond to atropine treatment in 2 of the patients, one of whom received theophylline and the other required a temporary pacemaker. Fortunately, the patients’ heart rate and rhythm returned to normal after the discontinuation of remdesivir, albeit it lengthened their hospital stays. Careful monitoring during remdesivir infusion may decrease the risk of adverse cardiovascular side effects.
Qualitative methods
Authors: Olejnik Iwona , Reshetkova Atanaska
Published: October 2021

The main goal of the chapter is to present how to use qualitative methods in sustainability research. First, the theoretical basis of the methods is presented, i.e., the essence of qualitative methods, what differs them from quantitative methods, and their types. The second part of this chapter covers designing and conducting a focus group interview (FGI): its essence and main stages, sampling, projection techniques and the script, as well as it contains the case study of ecological culture of Bulgarians. The third part presents considerations necessary to conduct a qualitative research, i.e., the organizational aspects of FGI and the guidelines for the work of the moderator. Finally, the last part shows considerations concerning data analysis—using CAQDAS software.