bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaping the Southeastern Conference: Commercialization and deregulation during the Great Depression and World War II
Authors:   , Watkins James Lawrence
Published: February 2022

The dissertation examines how member institutions in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) managed their college football programs during World War II. This time period in college sport history is unique because a few university presidents at SEC institutions believed the war gave them the opportunity to permanently implement reforms such as reducing practice hours and limiting the high salaries of coaches. Previous historiography demonstrates that these reforms did not come to fruition. Why were the university presidents and faculty, who claimed responsibility for governing the SEC, unable to capitalize on the opportunity they believed the war had given them to reform college sport? To examine this question, the author visited university archives of all thirteen institutions that competed in the SEC from its founding in 1933 until the end of World War II in 1945. Sources from these archives included correspondence between university presidents, faculty, trustees, athletic department employees, and other university stakeholders. The author also examined articles from newspapers throughout the Southeast, university publications such as yearbooks, alumni magazines, and student newspapers, trustee board minutes, and SEC meeting minutes. Despite the perceptions of some SEC presidents and faculty that the war provided an opportune moment for reform, how universities ran their athletic departments during World War II suggests that attempts to place less emphasis on college athletics would be temporary and driven only by pragmatics. As institutions began to lose athletes to military service, the SEC’s university presidents suspended academic reforms that existed before the war so that their college football teams could survive, which was necessary since only four of the twelve member institutions formally competed in college football during the 1943 season. Given the primary source evidence, it is clear that since university presidents and faculty were unable to reform college athletics during the war, at a time where they perceived athletics as susceptible to reform, then reforms such as reduced practice time and lower coaching salaries are unlikely to come from these university leaders at any point in the future because practicalities, not principles, were the driving force behind wartime reforms.
WHEN DOES CHILDHOOD EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE LEAD TO VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN YOUNG ADULTS?
Authors:   , Masilla Audrey Grace
Published: February 2022

This study examined the relationship of childhood exposure to violence and adult aggressive behavior. Researchers have studied this relationship and consequences resulting from high violence exposure, but have not examined protective factors that may reduce negative consequences. Likewise, no one had examined the possible protective factors of self-monitoring, concern for appropriateness, and social support. A total of 1,307 college students completed an online survey assessing childhood exposure to violence, adult aggression, social support, and self-monitoring. Despite the lack of significance for the mediation model, social support, concern for appropriateness, and self-monitoring were all significant moderators in the relationship of exposure to violence and adult aggression. Together, childhood exposure to violence, social support, and concern for appropriateness accounted for 33% of the variance in adult aggression. These findings suggest that less childhood exposure to violence, lower concern for appropriateness, and more social support decrease the risk of aggression in college students.
How Transformational Leadership Can Help Increase Effectiveness In Teaching?
Authors: Sayyadi Mostafa
Published: February 2022

Drawing on the learning theory of the Felder-Silverman model, transformational leadership theory, and the current scholarly works, this paper provides a teaching and learning model for management education. Professors, trainers, and consultants demonstrate a number of learning, teaching, and leadership styles and there is a strong responsibility to organize and present a course or training platform to satisfy participants’ varied learning styles. After a brief review of the literature, this paper presents a model to assess the leadership, teaching, and learning styles of management educators and participants.
Comparison and correlation of the factors affecting prevalence, intensity and nature of bacteremia during pre-operative, intra-operative and posto-operative period of trans-alveolar extraction of impacted mandibular third molar - An original research
Authors: Balakrishnana Gowri , Palaniappan JaganBabu , Singh Saluja Jagveer , Kumar Singh Sharwan , Jeevanandam DR.
Published: February 2022

Background: This study is done to compare and correlate the factors that would affect the prevalence, intensity, nature of bacteremia during pre-operative, intra-operative and aftermath trans-alveolar extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. Aim: The aim of this study is to study the prevalence, nature, and intensity of bacteremia among the patients with no antibiotics administered prior to trans-alveolar extraction, with and with-out periapical and periodontal infections. Materials and methods: A prospective clinical study and microbiological assessment on blood culture was conducted at Department of oral and maxillo-facial surgery in 50 patients who underwent surgical removal of im- pacted mandibular third molar teeth. Immunocompro- mised patients, patients having temperature greater than 1000 F, bleeding disorders, patients on recent antibiotic medications were excluded from the study. Results: On comparison of the pre-operative, intra- operative and post-operative intensity values, the intensity of bacteremia was significantly greater at the intra operative and post-extraction time than at the pre-extraction time. Conclusion: We conclude that the incidence, prevalence and the intensity of bacteremia during trans-alveolar ex- traction is more common in older patients and periodon- titis is more prevalent in patients with poor oral hygiene which in turn contributes to the intensity of bacteremia associated with trans-alveolar extraction of third molar. From this study, it is found that, the occurrence of bacteremia is increased with duration of the surgery, as in- cidence of bacteremia was high when the surgery lasted more than 35 minutes in general.
Surgical therapy of oronasal fistula: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: XINTARA Chrysoula , TZANAVARIS Konstantinos , CHATZIANGELAKI Veta , KARLOU Effrosyni , ZAVRAS Orestis , PETSINIS Vassilis
Published: February 2022

An oronasal fistula is a rare pathologic entity in everyday clinical practice. It is defined as an abnormal epithelialized communication between nasal and oral cavity and its etiology may be congenital or acquired. Oronasal fistula results in clinical features from the upper respiratory tract and a generalized degrada- tion of the patient’s quality of life. Although a variety of surgical treatment methods has been documented, there are often postsurgical complications with the re- currence of the fistula being the most common. In this case report, the case of a patient with an oronasal fistula located at the labial area of the maxillary who was surgi- cally treated is described and literature review follows.
STUDENTS PROBLEMS OF READING SKILL IN NARRATIVE TEXT AT TENTH GRADE OF SMA KARTIKA PEMATANGSIANTAR
Authors: Lumbantungkup Andina , Sitorus Mista Adelina , Siahaan Chatrin Octavia , Hutabarat Loisa Clara
Published: February 2022

Reading is one of the four language skills taught in the process of learning English, along with listening, speaking, and writing. Reading is the ability to comprehend the content of a text. Reading can provide readers with all of the messages and information they require. The purpose of this study is to learn about the students’ reading problems at SMA Kartika 1-4 Pematangsiantar as well as to find a solution to the problems. Descriptive qualitative research was performed in this study. The participants in the study were tenth-grade of MIPA 3 students from SMA Kartika Pematangsiantar, who were found to have reading difficulties. The result of this research found that the students’ problem in reading as follow : internal problems (lack of student vocabulary, a lack of student interest in English subjects, boredom and laziness, and a lack of time to study any English text in class.) And external problems (such as the teacher’s method of instruction, students’ lack of personal dictionaries, the narrative text’s level of difficulty and the lack of textbooks). As a solution, the teacher must play an important role in overcoming the problems faced by students by making teaching techniques more interesting and interactive.
SPEAKING PROBLEM OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Pardede Ezrauli , Sitanggang Monika Meita , Saragih Sari Sahnita
Published: February 2022

The research aims to find the difficulties and problem in speaking English which are mostly faced by Junior High School students. This research used qualitative research method. This research instrument is observation, explaining and applying Presentation Production Method (PPP) method. Based on the results, it was found some speaking difficulties, they are : (1) Difficulty in listening and speaking, (2) Lack of vocabulary, (3) Hard to focus, (4) Inhibition (Lack of confident, worried about making mistakes, fearful, or shy of the attention that they speech attract), (5) Nothing to say (Cannot think of anything to say, or they have no idea to express themselves), (6) Low participation. Speaking is a means of communication which affects our daily lives. In relationship, communication allows you to explain to someone what you are going through and what your needs are.
MARKETING APPROACHES AND PERFORMANCE OF OIL AND ELECTRIC COMPANIES
Authors: Kande Apuko Dr. Simpson
Published: February 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of marketıng approaches and performance of oıl & electrıc companıes. Specifically, the investigation focusses on the influence of purchasing costs, product satisfaction, pricing strategy, market penetration strategy and distribution strategy on the profitability of oıl & electrıc companıes in Kenya. Design/ Methodology/Approach: Therefore, the proposed choice of research design will be a descriptive cross-sectional design. The target population of this study will be the respondents from the Kenya Power and Lighting Company head office; the marketing department of the company. The study will, therefore, target the 268 managers and the employees at the department. The study will scientifically apply a 30% sampling technique of the target population to arrive at a sample of 80 respondents. The study will apply btoth qualitative and quantitative in approaches where both primary and secondary data will be used. Findings: By improving on the skills, expertise and knowledge on how to apply marketing strategies to Kenyan consumers, KPLC will definitely see the improved performance since the strategies have been previously found to have a positive impact on profitability. Contribution to policy and practice: Therefore, through the research, policymakers in conjunction with the marketing managers of oıl & electrıc companıes are encouraged to put into practice the ideas and knowledge from this study and formulate marketing plans and strategies that are feasible, costeffective and profit-oriented in both the short and long run. This is with the aim to improve electrification in entire Kenya especially in the rural and marginalized areas. Originality/Value: By investigating the influence of marketing strategies on the profitability of Kenya Power and Lighting Company, the study proves to be a maiden study, since it seeks to fill in the gap and inform the management on the best possible approaches to handle alleviate the problem
MONITORING PULSER POMPA UKUR BAHAN BAKAR MINYAK BERBASIS ANDROID SEBAGAI METODE ALTERNATIF PENGAWASAN KEMETROLOGIAN
Authors: Irwan Setiawan
Published: February 2022

Pompa ukur bahan bakar minyak (PUBBM) merupakan salah satu alat ukur wajib tera dan tera ulang, Tera dan tera ulang dilakukan dengan jangka waktu 1 tahun. Untuk melindungi penggunaan pompa ukur BBM dari kecurangan, maka bagian-bagian pompa ukur yang berhubungan langsung dengan pengukuran dilindungi dengan menggunakan segel. Dalam penggunaan pompa ukur BBM di lapangan (SPBU) sering kali ditemui berbagai kecurangan, dengan cara mengurangi takaran (volume) yang dikeluarkan oleh pompa ukur BBM. Untuk mengatasi kecurangan pompa ukur BBM di lapangan, selama ini dilakukan pengawasan pompa ukur BBM. Dalam penelitian ini, akan diajukan metode alternatif pengawasan pompa ukur BBM dengan melakukan monitoring terhadap sinyal pulser pompa ukur BBM. Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil dibuat monitoring pulser dispenser pada debit 1 - 3 liter/menit dan aplikasi android pembaca pulsa. Kemudian, pada proses monitoring pulser telah berhasil ditransmisikan pulsa dari dispenser ke perangkat android, kemudian mengkonversinya menjadi volume.
Legitimación para negociar Convenios Colectivos de sector. Se computan las representaciones unitarias de empresas con convenio propio.
Authors: Preciado Domènech Carlos Hugo
Published: February 2022

Legitimación para negociar el convenio colectivo. La representatividad ha de poseerse y acreditarse al constituirse la comisión negociadora. Cuando se negocia un convenio sectorial la representatividad sindical abarca la de empresas con convenio propio.

Legitimation to negotiate the collective agreement. Representativeness must be possessed and accredited when the negotiating commission is constituted. When a sectoral agreement is negotiated, union representation includes that of companies with their own agreement.
Determinación de contingencia: La eterna controversia jurídica accidente de trabajo versus accidente común y la teoría de la "ocasionalidad relevante".
Authors: Monereo Pérez José Luis
Published: February 2022

Esta sentencia del Tribunal Supremo versa la determinación de la contingencia de Incapacidad Temporal. El accidente sufrido durante la pausa del café fuera del centro de trabajo constituye una lesión con ocasión del trabajo y, por tanto, se califica típicamente como Accidente de Trabajo en sentido estricto. Se deniega el recurso en unificación de doctrina planteado y se confirma la Sentencia recurrida.
This Supreme Court ruling is about determining Temporary Disability contingency. The accident suffered during the coffee break outside the work center constitutes an injury at the time of the work and therefore is typically classified as a Work Accident in the strict sense. The remedy in unification of the doctrine raised is denied and the judgment appealed is confirmed. The appeal is denied in unification of doctrine raised and the judgment under appeal is confirmed.
El accidente 'in itinere' como contingencia laboral para Clases Pasivas.
Authors: Sempere Navarro Antonio V.
Published: February 2022

La sentencia comentada traslada el carácter laboral del accidente 'in itinere' a la pensión de incapacidad permanente en Clases Pasivas. Prosigue así la equiparación entre ese sistema de protección social y el de la Seguridad Social.
The commented sentence transfers the occupational nature of the in itinere accident (on the way work) to the permanent disability pension in Passive Classes. Thus, the equality between this social protection system and that of Social Security continues.
Los descuentos retributivos por impuntualidad no constituyen sanción.
Authors: Viqueira Pérez Carmen
Published: February 2022

Los retrasos del trabajador en la incorporación al puesto de trabajo constituyen una conducta sancionable incluso con el despido -si muestran la gravedad suficiente-. La duda surge, sin embargo, a la hora de determinar si la empresa puede, además de sancionar al trabajador, dejar de abonar la retribución correspondiente al tiempo en que no prestó servicios o si, por el contrario, ese "ajuste" debe considerarse una sanción prohibida.
Worker delays in joining the job constitute punishable conduct (even with dismissal depending on the severity). The doubt arises, however, when determining whether the company can, in addition to penalizing the worker, stop paying the remuneration corresponding to the time in which they did not provide services or if, on the other hand, that "adjustment" should be considered a prohibited sanction.
El Tribunal Supremo confirma la validez del diagnóstico de situación de los planes de igualdad realizados antes de la reforma nacida del RD-ley 6/2019.
Authors: Rivas Vallejo Pilar
Published: February 2022

Es válido el diagnóstico previo a la negociación del plan de igualdad cuando se realizó con anterioridad a la reforma operada por RD-ley 6/2019, por el que se modifica el art. 46.2 de la LO 3/2007, cuya entrada en vigor no exige retroacción de la fase de diagnóstico ni tampoco la invalida, salvo que tampoco se ajustara a la legalidad vigente en el momento de su realización, conforme al principio tempus regit actum. El Tribunal Supremo confirma la sentencia de la Audiencia Nacional 134/2019, 12 de noviembre.
The diagnosis prior to the negotiation of the equality plan is valid when made prior to the reform operated by RD-law 6/2019, by which art. 46.2 of the LO 3/2007, whose entry into force does not require feedback from the diagnostic phase nor does it invalidate it (principle tempus regit actum), unless diagnosis does not comply with the legislation in force at the time it was carried out. Supreme Court confirms Judgment 134/2019 from National Audience.
A globális kapitalizmus „szent család”-ja : Kritikai észrevételek Kierkegaard nyomán
Authors: Kocziszky Éva
Published: February 2022

From a contemporary point of view the essay investigates the role, which the concept of family is playing in Christian thought. Starting from Kierkegaard’s Either/ Or through the monastic idea of Agamben, it re-reads some relevant passages of both the Old and the New Testaments. We aim to prove that family and marriage are not synonyms but rather antonyms full of tension as they continuously relate to each other. There is not one single heavenly idea of family in the Bible, not even the often-mentioned Trinity. This identification may be nothing else but an exegetical distortion based on the autocratic position of the church in a medieval society getting ready for Capitalism.
Szent Hilarion és a kocsiverseny
Authors: Németh György
Published: February 2022

The conversion from Paganism to Christianity was a slow process. Pagan magic was palpable reality for Christians, and they indeed took the field against it, as it is confirmed by the biography of Saint Hilarion. Hilarion (291–371) was a hermit and the founder of Palestinian monasticism. His biography was written by St. Hieronymus around 390 in Betlehem. Hilarion exorcised demons and healed the sick.
Három jezidi ima
Authors: Németh György
Published: February 2022

The paper presents three yazidy prayers in Hungarian translation first time and a short commentary. The prayers are in Kurdish and express thankfullness and pleas for blessing and help.
Az új vallási közösségek létrejöttének magyarországi okai a XXI. század elején
Authors: Rixer Ádám
Published: February 2022

In this paper three dimensions of the newly created religious entities in Hungary will be discussed. Firstly, the main reasons of their establishment, secondly, the organisational formats, including the legal forms, and thirdly, the new and special activities pursued by them. Our analysis shows mainly the creation and transformation of Christian communities during the last three decades, but, in some important cases, earlier processes and facts are also mentioned. This work primarily applies the approaches and methods of legal studies and sociology, but also makes use of the views and findings of political science and other fields, and the results of this paper can thereby be considered to have come from a consciously complex approach. Although a broad range of scientific literature can be detected related to this topic, they mainly introduce only one or just a few aspects of this phenomenon, or concentrate on one certain community. My paper tends to be the first general attempt at a structured approach, an initial overview which must be followed by more detailed ones.
Financing net zero: how can investment meet the climate challenge?
Authors: Bulkeley Harriet , van Veelen Bregje
Published: February 2022

Achieving net zero carbon emissions requires the engagement of the finance system to address climate considerations in more strategic ways. In December 2019, the Society hosted a discussion forum, Financing net zero: how can investment meet the climate challenge, where geographers met with experts from the finance and investment sectors to explore these challenges in more depth. Our briefing report summarises the action needed by government, the financial sector, business and the third sector to meet the scale and pace of change needed.
EFFECT OF TIME AND INCUBATION TEMPERATURE ON ABILITY OF PROBIOTICS FOR REMOVAL OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON IN PHOSPHATE BUFFER SALINE
Authors: Yousefi Mojtaba , Hosseini Hedayat , Khorshidian Nasim , Rastegar Hossein , Shamloo Ehsan , Abdolshahi Anna
Published: February 2022

The ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PTCC 1737 and Streptococcus thermophilus PTCC 1738 in removing Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Benz(a)anthracene (BaA), Chrysene (Chr) and Benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF) from contaminated aqueous solution with respect to strain types, time and temperature of incubation was studied. The results showed that BaA, Chr, BbF and BaP could be significantly removed from the phosphate buffer saline by the tested bacteria and this reduction significantly depends on strain types and incubation temperature and time. The reduction of four PAHs varied in the range from 50.94% to 74.51%, 54.48% to 77.98%, 47.35% to 68.84%, and 61.96% to 81.22% for BaA, Chr, BbF and BaP, respectively. The results illustrated that by increasing time and temperature of incubation, binding ratio increased and the highest binding ratio of four PAHs was achieved by L. acidophilus LA-5 at 37 °C. Furthermore, the FTIR analysis was performed for identifying the different functional groups that might participate in the binding of PAHs to bacterial cell wall. The FTIR revealed that cell wall has an important role in removal of BaA, Chr, BbF and BaP from phosphate buffer saline.
USE OF BACTERIOPHAGES AS A TARGET SPECIFIC THERAPY AGAINST FOOD-BORNE PATHOGENS IN FOOD INDUSTRY- A REVIEW
Authors: Hameed Fozia , Bandral Julie D , Gupta Neeraj , Nayik Gulzar Ahmad , Sood Moonika , Rahman Rukhsana
Published: February 2022

Within the context of food safety, the use of modern antimicrobial technologies to inactivate the food-borne pathogens is not infallible, as proven by the ceaseless increase in the food-borne illnesses. The extensive use of antibiotics to minimize the microbial contamination further results in the evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. Moreover, some of the decontamination methods frequently used in the food industry cannot be directly applied to fresh fruits and vegetables, and RTE meals. Therefore, efforts are being made by researchers in developing a new approach so as to control the bacterial contamination. Consequently, bacteriophages have evolved as the safe, green, effective and natural alternative for treatment and complete destruction of pathogens in food industry.  The review provides a general description about bacteriophages and has mainly focused on their potential use as antimicrobials during the postharvest processing of foods. Numerous research papers, review papers, book chapters and other relevant literature was used for writing this review paper.
COMPARISON OF DNA STANDARDS FOR REAL-TIME PCR-BASED QUANTIFICATION OF LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS IN DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors: Shakeri Monir-sadat
Published: February 2022

Probiotic bacteria are an essential part of the healthy gut microbiota. Fermented foods as potential sources of health-promoting bacteria can regulate the intestinal microbial population. However, the exact quantification of these bacteria in such multiple-strain matrixes continues to remain elusive. In this study, we evaluated the reliability of genomic DNAs and cloned recombinant plasmids as standard controls for absolute real-time PCR assay. The associated standard curves were constructed and used for the quantification of Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotics. All stages from the design and construction of standards and related curves met the criteria for high-quality products. There were no significant differences between the two enumeration methods. However, plasmid-based standard curves resulted in a lower detection limit than the curves of genomic DNA standards. Our findings showed that the non-linearized recombinant plasmids had long-term stability at high concentrations during storage at -20 °C, which strongly depended on the purification methods. We propose that the recombinant plasmid standards can supersede the traditional genomic DNA standards for accurate quantification of probiotic bacteria.
BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF METABOLITES OF Rhodococcus erythropolis AU-1 STRAIN
Authors: Semeniuk Ihor , Koretska Nataliia , Kochubei Viktoria , Lysyak Victor , Pokynbroda Tetyana , Karpenko Elena , Midyana Halyna
Published: February 2022

Practically important metabolites of Rhodococcus erythropolis Au-1 strain were obtained: trehalose lipids, exopolysaccharide and cellular polymer – polyhydroxyalkanoate. The structures of the products were established by the methods of TLC, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The purification of trehalose lipids from crude extract was carried out using silica gel column chromatography, one of the trehalose lipids fractions was identified as a trehalose dimycolate. The presence of (NН) group was detected in the exopolysaccharide. For the first time, a biodegradable polymer was isolated from bacteria cells of the strain R. erythropolis Au-1, іt was identified as the polyhydroxyalkanoate. The physico-chemical properties of the metabolites of the strain R. erythropolis Au-1 were established: the surface tension of trehalose lipids fractions was 30,5-43,2 mN/m; the emulsification activity of the exopolysaccharide solutions (1-10 g/L) with vaseline oil was 42-58%. The differential thermal analysis was used to define starting temperatures of degradation of trehalose dimycolate (130 °C), exopolysaccharide (180 °C) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (164 °C, melting point 42oC). The obtained results expand the possibilities of practical application of trehalose lipids, exopolysaccharide and polyhydroxyalkanoate of the strain R. erythropolis Au-1.
PREPARATION, OPTIMIZATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN AND CALCIUM NANOPARTICLES LOADED WITH STREPTOMYCES RIMOSUS EXTRACTED COMPOUNDS AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: Hasaneen Mohammed , Abou-Dobara M. I. , Nabih Samah , Mousa Mohamed
Published: February 2022

The present study aims to search for a nano-delivery system that enables access of antimicrobial compounds to the targeting site of the microbial pathogens. To achieve this objective, the antimicrobial compounds extracted from the local isolate Streptomyces rimosus were loaded on chitosan (CS) and calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles (NPs) to facilitate drug delivery to some species of bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and Bacillus cereus ATCC6633) and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC10231. The best incubation period for the production of antifungal and antibacterial compounds, pH, temperature, carbon sources and nitrogen sources were around the third day, 7.0, 30°C, starch and potassium nitrate, respectively. The extracted compounds were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis which revealed to the identification of nine antimicrobial organic acids. The prepared NPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Zeta potential analyser. Results showed those chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were spherical shaped NPs with an average size ≈22 ± 2 nm. The CSNPs loaded with the antimicrobial molecule’s diameter was ranged from 55 upto 100 nm. Calcium phosphates nanoparticles (CaPNPs) were also spherical shaped NPs with diameter range from 70 to 95 nm. Loading of antimicrobial compounds onto CaPNPs made them appeared in rod shape with width varying from 14 to 27 nm and length from 274 to 397 nm. The synthesized NPs showed negative values confirming their high dispersity and long-term stability. The tested strains were resistant to solo NPs; but the loaded NPs with the extracted antimicrobial compounds, particularly the CaPNPs, augmented the potency of the isolated antimicrobial compounds, with emergence of differential antimicrobial activity. The activity of the NPs-bound antimicrobial compounds was more evident against bacteria than fungi, Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria and against B. cereus than S. aureus.
The Role of Transformational Leaders in Handling Organizational Conflict
Authors: Asnofidal Asnofidal
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to describe (1) understanding of transformational leadership (2) conflicts that affect organizational development (3) the role of transformational leaders in resolving conflicts. The discussion of the problems in this paper is carried out using a qualitative approach with a deductive method that is discussing the problem that will be studied by writing discussion topics that are described in general and then drawing a conclusion specifically. The results of the discussion explained that; (1) Transformational leadership is a leadership style that transforms members' values ​​personally so that they can be used as supporters or supporters of the vision and goals to be achieved by the organization being carried out. Leaders with this leadership style have the ability to make subordinates or followers to be able to see the organizational goals to be achieved clearly so as to get rid of their personal interests under the interests of the organization. (2) Conflict is a serious problem that can harm an organization. Conflicts can be both beneficial and detrimental, adverse conflicts can hinder the pace of organizational development which in turn will lead to kemuduruan in the organization. (3) The role of a leader in resolving conflicts can be accomplished in various ways including if a conflict occurs because it arises from within itself that can be unsettling for people who are related to him namely: giving a number of suggestions that make self-confidence arise, providing opportunities for subordinates to reflect and introspect. If conflicts occur between individuals, the strategy that can be used is to solve problems through cooperation, unite goals and avoid conflicts so as not to damage developments in the organization.
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Leadership on Employee Performance at the Human Resources Development Agency of Jambi Province
Authors: Sutoro Sutoro
Published: February 2022

Human resources is a very important factor in an organization both large and small scale organizations to achieve its goals. Human resources who have a high work culture and good leadership will produce quality employee performance which will ultimately optimize the goals of an organization/company. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of organizational culture and leadership on employee performance in the BPSDM Provinsi Jambi Regency. The results of this study indicate that organizational culture and leadership simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance with an F count of 120.444. and a significance level of 0,000. Partially, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on the performance of BPSDM Provinsi Jambi Regency employees with a t count of 12,016 and a significance level of 0,000. While leadership influences the performance of employees, the effect is small with a t count of 1.994 with a significance level of 0.05.
Basic Training Group III Patterns in the Network (Online): Perceptions of Participant Satisfaction and Learning Outcomes
Authors: Bailah Bailah
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine how the success rate of implementing the online pattern latsar compared to the facial pattern latsar that has been done so far. Measurement of the effectiveness/success rate of latsar is done by evaluating using the Kirkpatrick reaction level and learning level approach. This study uses a mixed mix approach of quantitative and qualitative. Data were collected by filling out questionnaires and secondary data studies. Subjects for this study were participants of CPNS Class III Batch I Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency 2020. The informants in this study were 40 (forty) participants and the organizing committee at BKPSDM, Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency. The data analysis technique was carried out by using qualitative data that was converted into quantitative data, data classification, formulating research results, and analyzing research results. The results of the research on the reaction level showed that 71.95% of Latsar participants showed a "very satisfied reaction” in the implementation of online latsar, and 22.79% of Latsar participants showed " satisfied " reactions and only 5.85% of participants showed reactions "quite satisfied". If analyzed per indicator, out of the 7 (seven) level reaction indicators that have been determined, there are 4 indicators that indicate the level of reaction of participants who are "very satisfied" which is above 60%, namely the benefits of increasing participant competence, teacher performance, discussion topics and teacher competence. One indicator that needs attention is the convenience of the training location because the level of reaction of participants who stated "very satisfied" was only 28.42% and 58.75% stated, "satisfied". At the learning level of the 4 assessment indicators used, the normative average score of face-to-face latsar participants is 80 (eighty), while the online latsar participants' average score is 84 (eighty-four), this shows that the level of effectiveness / the success of online pattern latsar is higher than face-to-face pattern latsar. The conclusion of the study, at the reaction level 71.95% of Latsar participants stated that the online learning process with online patterns was very fun / very good and 22.79% stated it was fun/good, and only 5.85% stated that it was quite fun/good enough and at the level of participant learning, the implementation of online latsar learning has a better effect on the ability of participants to absorb material compared to face-to-face latsar patterns. Suggestions for organizers to further improve the quality of the convenience of online training locations for future implementation and organizers do not hesitate to do online pattern lats because the learning effect for participants is higher than face-to-class pattern lats.
Strengthening the Understanding of Pancasila as the State Foundation to Achieve National Goals
Authors: Susilawati N  , Sultoni Sultoni
Published: February 2022

The basis of the state for a nation is very important as the goal of living as a nation and state. Indonesia has a state basis called Pancasila. In today's era, the noble values ​​of Pancasila have begun to fade and are practiced by citizens. Therefore, this paper describes the understanding of Pancasila as the purpose of life for the State. This paper is a collection of various books as a reference for citizens in fulfilling their independence. The discussion can be concluded that as the basis of the state, Pancasila acts as a source of all sources of state law and a source of value for the entire Indonesian nation. As the basis of the state, Pancasila is an important guideline in regulating the administration of the state, a source of inspiration, motivation, a source of law, and also the moral ideals of a country, and is a source for the preparation of the constitution in the Indonesian state. The ideals of the state law of the Republic of Indonesia in the four main ideas of the 1945 Constitution are essentially the same as Pancasila, namely God and Humanity, Unity State, Social Justice, and People's Sovereignty. Pancasila is the basis of the state of the Republic of Indonesia, therefore Pancasila is the source of all sources of state law of the Republic of Indonesia. The objectives of the State of Indonesia are stated in the fourth paragraph of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia, namely: 1) Protecting every nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia: 2) Promoting public welfare. 3) To educate the nation's life, and 4) to Participate in carrying out a world order based on eternal peace and social justice.
The Challenges of Motivating Principals in Implementing New Paradigm Learning
Authors: Bailah Bailah
Published: February 2022

Objective: Describe factors that influence the implementation of a new learning paradigm. This study used Edward’s policy implementation theory. According to Edward, there are four factors of policy implementation: communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucracy structure. Methods: The study used a descriptive qualitative method. The researcher applied depth interviews to collect the primary data from Kepala Sekolah Penggerak of high school and shared the google forms with teachers and school supervisors, based on self-experience as Kepala Sekolah Penggerak consultant. The sources of secondary data are school reports and literature. Results: the implementation of the new learning paradigm faced some problems. The main obstacles are the forming of an operational curriculum for the education unit (OCfEU), diagnostic assessment, studying the report, and framing the Pancasila student profile.
An improved mineral nutrient solution for the in vitro propagation of Pinguicula species
Authors: Legendre Laurent
Published: February 2022

Propagating plants in vitro (tissue culture) is widely used to rapidly generate large quantities of disease-free plants. It is applied to hundreds of carnivorous plant species including the genus Pinguicula whose species are very sensitive to pathogenic microorganisms and, in some cases, may develop poorly under current cultivation practices.
New cultivars
Authors: Bily Guillaume , Logoteta Larry , Amoroso Steve , Holland Victor
Published: February 2022

The cultivars Dionaea muscipula 'Blanche Hermine', Sarracenia 'Illuminated Hut', Sarracenia 'Jeremy', Sarracenia 'Pomegranate', and Sarracenia 'Saxapahaw' are described.
Drosera regia Stephens
Authors: Hewitt-Cooper Nigel
Published: February 2022

Much has been written about this interesting species of sundew over the years, both in the popular literature and indeed on-line in more recent times. Much of what is written would serve to discourage the average hobbyist from attempting cultivation, and as a result until surprisingly recently Drosera regia was scarcely seen. The truth however, is that this plant is generally easy to grow successfully, and once established is a long lived perennial which can attain huge dimensions.
Drosera burmannii: A carnivorous plant species from eastern Ghats of India
Authors: Aditya Soumen
Published: February 2022

Observations of Drosera burmannii in eastern Ghats of India.
Further evidence of carnivory in triggerplants (Stylidium spp.; Stylidiaceae)
Authors: Darnowski Douglas W.
Published: February 2022

Triggerplants (Stylidium Sw.; Stylidiaceae) grow from Southeast Asia through Australia, with well over 100 species in the genus. Almost all species make sticky hairs on parts of their inflorescences. These sticky hairs trap small insects, much smaller than the flowers’ normal pollinators, which include arthropods such as bee flies. Digestive enzymes have been detected in this genus in the area of sticky hairs where prey are trapped.
Observations of new Roridula symbiotes
Authors: Obregon Frank
Published: February 2022

The two species of Roridula are medium South African shrubs capable of trapping various small organisms on their resinous leaves. In its native range, the genus Roridula has been noted by various authors as having co-evolved with Pameridea spp. (Miridae) “mirid bugs” in an arrangement that allows the bugs to feed on the trapped insects, and for the plants to gain nutrients from the insects it traps via fecal fertilization courtesy of the mirid bugs. A third organism, a spider (Synaema marlothii), serves as a limiting factor on the Pameridea populations and is endemic to Roridula spp. in South African fynbos. This somewhat complex structure of inter-dependence was thought to be limited to the previously discussed three species through a textbook-perfect example of co-evolution and co-dependence between the aforementioned three organisms. However, after recent observations by the author in Southern California, it appears that this commensal organization of [Roridula + Miridae + spiders] is less rigid in terms of which species participate than previously thought. In a broader sense, these and other to-be-discussed observations point to the idea that “assisted carnivory” in plants via generalist Miridae interaction is much more common than previously thought, and that mutualism between plants and Miridae bugs deserves greater scrutiny.
An account of Drosera section Prolifera
Authors: Nunn Richard , Bourke Greg
Published: February 2022

The species that comprise Drosera section Prolifera, Drosera adelae, D. prolifera, and D. schizandra, or as commonly known, “The Three Sisters”, are endemic to Far North Queensland. They are unique to the genus in that they are found growing exclusively in rainforest habitat. Over the past 8 years the authors have made four separate field trips to observe these unusual and uncommon Drosera. The literature published to date on these taxa is general, often based on observations of cultivated plants. One can easily form the superficial view that they grow relatively close to each other in similar micro-habitats, it is only when herbarium sheets, field observations, and personal accounts are scrutinized that a different story emerges. The objective of this account is to show the broad area these species occur and to highlight the similarities and differences in their micro-habitat. Australia is a vast continent and the area that these species inhabit is approximately a 400 km stretch of hinterland that runs roughly parallel to the coast from Townsville, north to Cape Tribulation.
New cultivars
Authors: Bonnet Sebastien , Tincher Butch , Lei Jennifer , Nunn Richard
Published: February 2022

The cultivars Dionaea muscipula 'Red Pico-Teeth', Heliamphora 'Patasola', Nepenthes ampullaria 'Black Miracle', and Nepenthes ampullaria 'Black Pearl' are described.
I'm not dead yet, re-finding Drosera x hybrida in the wild
Authors: Ksepka Jason
Published: February 2022

In his 2011 CPN article “Drosera × hybrida rest in peace”, John Brittnacher (2011) declared D. × hybrida extinct in the wild. Indeed, the cover photo was one that I took, which, as it turned out later, would be the last known photo of that hybrid in the wild at that time. I am writing this article as an update to John’s 2011 article by adding six new locations of D. × hybrida in two counties of southern New Jersey.
Drosera huegelii Endl. var. phillmanniana from the Stirling Range, south western Australia
Authors: Utz Yves-Andre , Gibson Robert
Published: February 2022

Short-stemmed plants of Drosera huegelii from the highest peaks of the Stirling Range in south western Australia have been found to differ in a number of aspects from the more widespread typical form of this taxon and are recognized as a distinct variety.
Co-production: Strategic Lever for Dehospitalization and Redefinition of Organizational Structures in Healthcare
Authors: Savino Alessandra , Marolla Giuliano , Rosa Angelo
Published: February 2022

Objective - The explosion of the covid-19 pandemic has led to the need for all world governments to redefine the way in which they provide health services. This is particularly true for Italy, as the hospital-centric emergency response model adopted in the first pandemic wave to contain and combat the health crisis and to treat affected patients proved ineffective. The purpose of this work is to highlight how the model of co-production, based on the enhancement of territorial services and 3T strategy (Tracing, Testing e Treating), may be the most appropriate paradigm to address the emergency.

Methodology - Through an in-depth analysis of co-production model emerging from the scientific literature, we highlight the critical success and enabling factors that make the model applicable in healthcare in the Covid-19 emergency context and the advantages of the paradigm.

Findings - The nature of the emergency could incentivize citizens to spontaneously participate in co-production activities, provided a favorable social and legislative context. Co-production could allow to implement the 3T strategy effectively and efficiently.
The Influence of Attitude on Consumers’ Autonomy to make Halal Food Purchase Intention: An Overview of Self-determination in a Collectivist Culture
Authors: Syed Sumera , Sh. Ahmad Fauziah , Hussain Shah Syed Rashid
Published: February 2022

The present study attempts to analyze the effect of consumers’ autonomy and attitude on halal food purchase intention, especially in a collectivist culture. In addition, the effect of consumers’ attitude on their autonomy while making up halal food purchase intention was also investigated. The responses from a sample of 308 respondents from the major cities of Pakistan were gathered with the help of an online questionnaire and then analyzed by using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results revealed a large and significant effect of consumers’ attitude on their autonomy to make halal food purchase intention. Moreover, the effect of consumers’ attitude on halal food purchase intention was found to be significant; whereas the effect of consumers’ autonomy on halal food purchase intention was not found. Hence, the results indicate that consumers’ autonomy, which is an innate psychological need of humans, is undermined by their attitude in collectivist cultures. The study was performed to analyze the impact of consumers’ attitude on their autonomy; future studies may be performed to examine the impact of attitude on other basic psychological needs of competence, and relatedness. Furthermore, Pakistan was taken as the context of study, such future research endeavors may be carried out in other collectivist and even non-collectivist societies. The present study is believed to be the first ever to investigate the impact of attitude on autonomy, specifically in a collectivist society.
Bay Area Spanish: regional sound change in contact languages
Authors: Helms Annie
Published: February 2022

Compression of the vowel space area and reduced vowel dispersion have been observed as features of the California Vowel Shift (CVS, D’Onofrio, Pratt, and Van Hofwegen 2019). The present research provides empirical data to address the gap in the literature regarding the influence of regional sound change on contact languages, namely the influence of CVS on Bay Area Spanish. Analysis of word list tasks given to bilingual speakers of Bay Area Spanish and monolingual speakers of Mexican Spanish reveals a more compressed vowel space in Bay Area Spanish and patterns that mirror changes in progress in California English. These results suggest that regional sound changes can influence production within contact languages and may provide evidence for perceptual category assimilation among Spanish-English bilinguals in the Bay Area. These results additionally broaden the scope of regional sound change studies by removing the historically Anglo-centric focus and expanding the consideration of what may constitute a regional feature.