bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the Enigma: Idiopathic Digital Infarction—A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Jaradat Jaber H. , Walid Wadi , Obeidat Aram F. , Amro Raghad , Nashwan Abdulqadir J.
Published: January 2025

Idiopathic digital infarction (IDI), a rare subset of digital infarction, is characterized by ischemic changes in the absence of identifiable underlying etiology. We present the first documented case of IDI in a 47‐year‐old female with insignificant medical history. Clinical evaluation revealed bluish discoloration of the left lateral three fingers. Negative findings on autoimmune serologies, echocardiogram, and coagulation profiles excluded common causes, such as vasculitis, cardiac embolism, and hypercoagulable states. Imaging studies demonstrated ischemic changes in the left cerebellar hemisphere and proximal left subclavian artery, which supported the diagnosis of acute infarction. The patient was managed conservatively and was discharged. This case underscores the diagnostic complexities of IDI and highlights the importance of thorough evaluation and management.
A High‐Performance Polysulfide‐Trapping Lithium Sulfur Battery Cathode: Cubic Co3O4 Catalyst within a Nitrogen‐Doped Entangled Graphene Framework
Authors: Manna Narugopal , Soni Roby , Young R. S. , Jervis Rhodri , Miller Thomas S.
Published: January 2025

The cycling performance of lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries is hampered by polysulfide dissolution which impacts the overall performance of Li−S batteries. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of polysulfide trapping cathode material for Li−S batteries based on Co3O4 nanocubes supported within a nitrogen‐doped entangled graphene (Co3O4/NEGF). The highly porous conductive graphene network is shown to facilitate fast electron transport and ion diffusion while the nitrogen dopants and polar Co3O4 offer both abundant active sites for polysulfide conversion while promoting intermediate polysulfide binding. The porous structure allows for high sulfur loading of 76.4 wt % (S@Co3O4/NEGF), while efficiently accommodating volumetric expansion during charge‐discharge. The Co3O4/NEGF cathode composite exhibited a high specific capacity of 1143 mAh g−1 at a current density of C/20 and maintained a 79 % reversible capacity after 200 cycles at C/5.
Dual Charge‐Transfer Emission in Chalcone‐Based Donor‐π‐Acceptor System and the Modulation of Down‐Conversion of Triplet Exciton with the Polarity of the Medium
Authors: Singh Piyush , Pattanayak Pradip , Majumdar Shubhangi , Mukherjee Soham , Banerjee Shrestha , Purkayastha Pradipta , Kumar Chowdhury Pramit , Musser Andrew J. , Kumar Ghosh Sujit
Published: January 2025

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) has recently emerged as a promising process with significant potential to advance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) for display applications. The donor‐acceptor system is a well‐known molecular arrangement exhibiting TADF properties. However, our investigation into the chalcone‐based donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) system (SKG1) reveals that the en‐one bridging unit in chalcone plays a crucial role in the reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) process and may be responsible for the existence of two conformational isomers. In stark contrast with the conventional endothermic TADF process, the designed molecule follows a down‐converted cold rISC pathway that also from a higher‐lying triplet (Tn) state to the lowest singlet (S1) state (in toluene) with remarkably short delayed fluorescence lifetime of 350 ns. Additionally, this rISC process is found to be sensitive to the polarity of the medium. The UV‐vis‐NIR transient absorption spectroscopy reveals an ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) process within <100 ps and the involvement of higher lying triplet state in rISC process. This comprehensive research deepens the understanding of the rISC mechanism and paves the way for developing next‐generation OLED materials using D‐π‐A‐based delayed emitters.
Higher seed yield through selection for reduced seed shattering in Italian ryegrass
Authors: Kiesbauer Jenny , Kölliker Roland , Hug Maria , Sindelar Meril , Schlatter Linda Helene , Ohnmacht Jonathan , Studer Bruno , Grieder Christoph
Published: January 2025

Seed shattering, that is, the loss of seeds at ripening stage shortly before or during seed harvest, is strongly reducing seed yield in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility to reduce seed shattering within breeding germplasm via recurrent phenotypic selection on spaced plants. Starting from a founder population of 300 plants not previously selected for seed shattering, two cycles of phenotypic selection for high and low seed shattering were performed based on spaced plants. The resulting five populations with different levels of selection for seed shattering (selected once or twice for low seed shattering, selected once or twice for high seed shattering, and no [random] selection) were phenotyped in plot trials with two harvesting dates (early and late). Seed shattering was highest in the population selected twice for increased seed shattering (7.92% for early and 28.44% for late harvesting), followed by the population selected once for increased seed shattering (7.34% early, 21.56% late), the non‐selected population (6.12% early, 20.22% late), the population selected once for decreased seed shattering (4.13% early, 16.73% late), and the population selected twice for decreased seed shattering (2.41% early, 9.31% late). Selecting twice for low seed shattering resulted in a reduction of seed shattering by 10.91 percentage points at late harvest when compared to the non‐selected population. Thus, recurrent phenotypic selection on spaced plants is appropriate to efficiently reduce seed shattering and to increase seed yield in sown plots, which is highly relevant for seed production.
Investigating the Effects of a High Boiling Point Solvent in Slot Die‐Coated Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Park Sung Joon , Eng Jia Ler , Pethe Shreyas Dinesh , Tay Darrell Jun Jie , Yantara Natalia , Mathews Nripan
Published: January 2025

To commercialize perovskite solar cells and advance beyond lab‐scale comparisons, understanding large‐area film formation using slot‐die coating is essential to improve film homogeneity. Adding high‐boiling‐point solvents like N‐methyl‐2‐Pyrrolidone (NMP) to the perovskite ink extends film′s processing window, but the effects of varying NMP levels on gas‐quenched slot‐die coatings remain unclear. This article examines how different NMP ratios impact film quality, showing that a moderate amount of NMP as a co‐solvent reduces defects, as observed through photoluminescence, hyperspectral absorbance, and back‐illuminated optical absorptions. However, the decreased vapor pressure with the addition of NMP impairs crystallization and film coverage, highlighting the need for balanced amounts. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicate that the most volatile option tested at Dimethylformamide (DMF) : NMP ratio of 8 : 1 yields the most homogeneous and compact films. Slot‐die‐coated devices fabricated with this optimized ratio were subsequently compared with using NMP as an additive to increase the volatility of the perovskite inks further. The additive method demonstrates improved performance and uniformity, suggesting that minimizing high‐boiling‐point solvents to maintain ink volatility supports effective large‐area coatings and fabrication of perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, this article provides insights on important metrics to narrow down suitable perovskite inks for large‐area coatings.
Detection of multiple signet ring cell carcinomas using texture and color enhancement imaging led to a diagnosis of hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
Authors: Yamamoto Jumpei , Dobashi Akira , Adachi Sei , Takano Yuta , Takeshita Kenji , Miyake Misayo , Iwamoto Masami , Tsukinaga Shintaro , Takahashi Naoto , Sumiyama Kazuki
Published: January 2025

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is an autosomal dominant cancer caused by CDH1 mutation. HDGC causes multiple signet ring cell carcinomas (SRCCs) throughout the stomach. Few reports exist on the endoscopic findings during screening endoscopy, leading to the diagnosis of HDGC in its early stages. Recently, a new image‐enhancement endoscopy technique, texture and color enhancement imaging (TXI), has been developed to improve the visibility of early gastric cancer. To the best of our knowledge, the use of TXI leading to HDGC diagnosis has not been reported. In this report, TXI contributed to the diagnosis of HDGC, and the patient was treated with total gastrectomy. A 27‐year‐old woman with a family history of gastric cancer underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy, which revealed two pale lesions in the lower body of the stomach. Histological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed SRCC and the patient was referred to our hospital for treatment. Multiple lesions were found in the lower body using TXI, and a targeted biopsy confirmed other SRCCs. We suspected her disease to be HDGC, and the patient underwent a total gastrectomy. Histopathology showed multiple SRCCs (>60), but no lymph node metastases. Genetic testing revealed CDH1 mutations. The final pathological stage of the tumor was pT1a(m) N0M0 Stage I. TXI may be helpful in detecting multiple SRCCs in patients with HDGC. Endoscopists should be aware of HDGC, and careful investigation of the entire stomach is required for patients with diffuse‐type gastric cancer before treatment.
Evolutionary Drivers of Conspicuous Spots in Velvet Ants (Hymenoptera: Dasymutilla)
Authors: Lopez Vinicius Marques , Allen William L. , Polido Mariáh , Almeida Lucas Henrique , Williams Kevin Andrew , Ferreira Rhainer Guillermo
Published: January 2025

Predation plays an important role in animal evolution by selecting for antipredator adaptations. Antipredator color adaptations include conspicuous spots, which are believed to provide protection by deflecting attacks to harmful or peripheral body parts, deimatic signaling, or as conspicuous warning coloration. The utility of antipredator signals is context‐dependent and may be influenced by the environment. In this study, we investigated the selective forces acting on the evolution of conspicuous spots on velvet ants (Mutillidae: Dasymutilla). We tested whether conspicuous spots in 80 species of velvet ants evolved in (i) forest‐dwelling species, (ii) habitat‐generalist species, or (iii) species predated by diverse birds and frogs. Results show that conspicuous spots are more likely to evolve in forest‐dwelling species and in areas with more canopy cover, whereas species inhabiting open areas and deserts tend to lose them. Moreover, taxa with conspicuous spots transition between open and forested habitats less often. Spot presence was not associated with predator diversity. We suggest that spots in velvet ants require complex visual environments to be effective, which may limit their habitat occurrence. In simpler environments, carrying conspicuous spots could be costly due to increased exposure to visual predators.
Oxytocin Amplifies Negative Response to Ambiguity in Adolescent Females With and Without Eating Disorders
Authors: Burmester Victoria , Sheridan Emerie , Julius Nikita Catalina , Elliott Jordan , Thackeray Olivia , Nicholls Dasha
Published: January 2025

Objective

Eating disorders (ED) typically emerge in adolescence, a critical period for brain development and peer bonding. Interpersonal difficulties—particularly social anxiety—frequently co‐occur with ED. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide that modulates social cognition and linked to prosocial effects. To date, no study has investigated oxytocin's effects on negative interpretation bias toward ambiguous information in adolescents with ED.

Methods

Forty‐eight female adolescents aged 16 to 17 years with and without EDs took part in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, randomised, crossover trial investigating the effects of 24 IU intranasal oxytocin on negative interpretations of ambiguous scenarios. Participants and controls were tested twice, approximately one week apart.

Results

Contrary to hypothesis, oxytocin increased negative interpretations overall (p = 0.019, large effect). Adolescent females with AN or BN made more negative interpretations than controls when presented with ambiguous information. There was no group effect for those who reached or did not reach threshold on an autism screen.

Conclusions

This study suggests adolescents with EDs interpret ambiguous information more negatively than controls and that oxytocin administration amplifies negative responses to ambiguity in adolescent females, including in controls. Research tools that effectively identify these biases would help to widen the scope of ED treatments for adolescents.
Thermodynamic Parameters (Enthalpy and Entropy) of Hydrogen Storage in Ultrasound‐Assisted Synthesized Selenium Decorated Fullerene
Authors: Zaben Tiba A. , Zaben Hadla A. , Mohamed Dina S. , Alheety Mustafa A. , Mahmood Ahmed R.
Published: January 2025

This study includes the synthesis of a novel fullerene composite for hydrogen storage application. In the first step of this work the fullerene of the type C60 was used to prepare its composite with selenium nanoparticles (Se Nps). The synthesis method was novel as it includes the synthesis of fullerene‐Se nanocomposite via ultrasound at 750 W using ascorbic acid as reducing agent to convert selenium ion into selenium nanoparticles. Different techniques (XRD, SEM, TEM) were used to diagnose the composition, size and morphology of the prepared composite. The characterization results from SEM and TEM demonstrate the formation of sphere‐like structures decorated on rod nanoparticles, proving the formation of required nanocomposite. Moreover, the XRD pattern demonstrates the existence of fullerene and selenium nanoparticles peaks with high purity. The important of this nanocomposite was comprehended from the using it in the hydrogen energy application. The study was conducted at 77, 173, 223 and 273 K and 0–90 bar and the study proves the physical adsorption at 55 bar as it showed 4.1 wt% storage with enthalpy of 0.13 KJ/(mol H2) and entropy of 0.70 J/mol H2. K.
A Lightweight CP‐ABE Scheme for EHR Over Cloud Based on Blockchain and Secure Multi‐Party Computation
Authors: Qiao Jiawen , Wang Na , Fu Junsong , Deng Lunzhi , Wang Jingjing , Liu Jianwei
Published: January 2025

With the growth of cloud computing and the popularity of electronic health records (EHR), more and more patients and hospitals are uploading EHR to the cloud for storage, retrieval and organization. Due to the privacy of EHR, cloud‐based EHR systems need to protect data security and provide access control, and attribute‐based encryption (ABE) is the appropriate technology. Nevertheless, traditional single‐center ABE schemes do not conform to the collaborative scenario of electronic health care, and some of them do not support real‐time attribute update. Consequently, this paper proposes a lightweight CP‐ABE scheme for EHR over cloud based on blockchain and secure multi‐party computation (LCBS). First, we introduce the model of multi‐authority and innovatively apply secure multi‐party computation to initialize the system, which maintains normal system operation while the power is decentralized. Second, we deploy a blockchain suitable for EHR systems to record the users' key information, assisting multiple entities to verify the key at different stages and protecting the EHR from illegal acquisition. In addition, our scheme supports lightweight attribute update, which requires small amount of computational overhead to achieve instant attribute update. Finally, through formal security analysis and simulation experiments of the LCBS system, it is shown that our scheme guarantees data security and improves computing efficiency.
There is Mathematics for That!: A Formal Verification of Privacy and Simulative Analysis of Consumer‐Centric Content Delivery in Iot
Authors: Bhardwaj Shikhar , Harit Sandeep , Verma Shilpa
Published: January 2025

The inherent complexity and the critical nature of data privacy in IoT networks necessitate rigorous validation of privacy mechanisms to preempt vulnerabilities and ensure compliance with security standards. This research article extends the concept of the SDN‐enabled Consumer‐Centric Content Delivery Network (CCDN) model for the IoT by introducing a rigorous mathematical framework to formalize the dialogues integral to user privacy and data integrity. With the help of a comprehensive mathematical formulation, the research captures the dynamics of credential exchange and user interactions within the CCDN architecture. To ensure the robustness of the proposed model, this research employs formal verification techniques to validate the correctness and security properties of the mathematical formulation. Furthermore, the research conducts an extensive simulative analysis to evaluate the performance of the CCDN architecture under various operational conditions. This analysis encompasses aggregate analysis, amortized analysis, and scalability analysis, focusing on critical performance metrics such as latency, packet loss ratio, and throughput. The results demonstrate that the implemented CCDN model maintains user privacy and personalization for content delivery in scalable IoT environments. This work lays the groundwork for future research in secure and efficient content delivery systems, addressing the growing demands of IoT applications while ensuring user‐centric privacy and data protection.
Beyond Traditional RFID: Unveiling the Potential of Wi‐Fi, 5G, Bluetooth, and Zigbee for Backscatter Systems
Authors: El Mattar Sara , Baghdad Abdennaceur
Published: January 2025

Traditional RFID systems rely on dedicated readers, often expensive and bulky, hindering their widespread deployment. This paper proposes an alternative RFID system that leverages ubiquitous radio sources—Wi‐Fi, 5G, Bluetooth, and Zigbee—to replace dedicated readers. Our system employs backscatter communication, where RFID tags modulate reflected signals from these readily available sources to transmit data. We investigate the feasibility and performance of this approach through Matlab simulator. Our results show that 802.11ax at 2.45 GHz exhibits the best symbol error rate, followed by 802.11n at the same frequency. However, 5G, Bluetooth, and Zigbee signals demonstrate lower performance even at high signal‐to‐noise ratios. To address this, we introduce error correction coding techniques (BCH and RS) that significantly improve communication reliability. Utilizing these codes, our system achieves a communication range of up to 1 m. This finding highlights the potential of ubiquitous radio sources as a viable alternative to dedicated RFID readers, opening doors for various applications.
Relationship Between Food Addiction, Night Eating Syndrome and Depression Level in University Students and Affecting Factors: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Türkiye
Authors: Erem Sinem , Eren Deniz
Published: January 2025

Food addiction, night eating, and depression levels alone have been associated with obesity and various chronic diseases in university students, but the relationship of these factors has been rarely mentioned in the literature. This research was conducted to determine the food addiction, night eating, and depression status of university students. The study consisted of 1009 (84.2% female, mean BMI 21.93 ± 3.42 kg/m2, 73.0% normal body weight) university students. Research data were collected using a web‐based questionnaire, which included a personal information form about students' sociodemographic characteristics, nutritional habits and anthropometric measurements (body weight, height), the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Of the students, 15.2% had food addiction, 8.3% had night‐eating syndrome, and 36.2% had moderate depression. Frequency of food addiction and night‐eating syndrome were higher in those with moderate to severe depression and night‐eating syndrome was higher in those with food addiction (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between mean YFAS, NEQ, and BDI scores in the general population and both genders (p < 0.001). Furthermore, BMI levels, having received psychological treatment, waking up and eating at night, and depression level increased the likelihood of food addiction, while waking up and eating at night, and depression levels increased the likelihood of night‐eating syndrome. The findings of the study made a significant contribution to the literature in understanding food addiction, night eating, depression levels and their relationship with each other in university students. Multi‐center studies in which the effects of these three factors are examined together should be conducted on different student populations. Students should be given training on healthy nutrition and mental health protection, and their awareness should be raised.
The Role of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) in Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Modulating Signaling Pathways From Inflammation to Metastasis
Authors: Rauf Abdur , Olatunde Ahmed , Akram Zuneera , Hemeg Hassan A. , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Al Abdulmonem Waleed , Khalid Ahood , Khalil Anees Ahmed , Islam Md. Rezaul , Thiruvengadam Rekha , Kim Seung‐Hyun , Thiruvengadam Muthu
Published: January 2025

Punica granatum, commonly known as pomegranate, is a traditional medicinal agent owing to its antiquity. The scientific literature has shown that pomegranate extracts exhibit favorable modulation of diverse signaling pathways. These pathways encompass those implicated in inflammation, angiogenesis, hyperproliferation, cellular transformation, tumorigenesis initiation, and ultimately, a reduction in advanced metastasis and tumorigenesis. Pomegranate extracts in this context can be attributed to their high polyphenol content, which has been observed to possess inhibitory properties toward specific signaling pathways associated with cancer. As a formidable pathology, cancer is the most significant cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular disease. The annual incidence of cancer‐related mortality has increased progressively. Modifying one's dietary patterns, engaging in regular physical exercise, and maintaining an optimal body mass index are three straightforward measures that an individual may undertake to mitigate their susceptibility to cancer. Incorporating diverse vegetables and fruits into one's dietary regimen exhibits promising potential for preventing a minimum of 20% cancer incidence and approximately 200,000 cancer‐related mortalities annually. Vegetables and fruits contain high levels of minerals and phytochemicals, which help alleviate and prevent the harmful effects of cancer. These substances are safe and exhibit minimal toxicity in biological systems. Furthermore, they exhibit antioxidant properties and have garnered extensive approval for their use as nutritional supplements. Pomegranates are used in ancient cultures to prevent and treat various diseases. Extensive research on pomegranate extract, fruit, oil, and juice has revealed promising findings regarding their potential anti‐proliferative, anti‐tumorigenic, and anti‐inflammatory properties through the modification of various signaling pathways related to cancer, thus demonstrating their potential as drugs to prevent and treat cancer. Emerging research indicates that pomegranate can potentially prevent and treat different cancers, including prostate, bladder, breast, skin, lung, and colon cancer.
Clinical outcomes, hemodynamics, and leaflet thrombosis following transcatheter aortic valve replacement with novel intra‐annular devices
Authors: Iwata Juri , Hayashida Kentaro , Kajino Akiyoshi , Sakata Shingo , Imaeda Shohei , Ryuzaki Toshinobu , Tsuruta Hikaru , Shimizu Hideyuki , Ieda Masaki
Published: January 2025

Background

The indication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is becoming more prevalent among younger and lower‐risk patients. However, data on the latest intra‐annular TAVR devices are limited. This study aims to compare the short‐term clinical outcomes of two intra‐annular transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) devices in Japan: SAPIEN 3 Ultra RESILIA (S3UR) and Navitor.

Methods

Of the 286 patients who underwent TAVR between May 2022 and October 2023 at our center, we enrolled 97 consecutive patients who received either S3UR or Navitor. We compared the intraprocedural invasive and echocardiographic hemodynamic assessment and post‐procedural multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Results

The basic characteristics of the 97 patients (median age, 86 years [interquartile range, 81–89 years]) were similar. Technical success, defined by the Valve Academic Research Consortium, was achieved in all cases. Despite a smaller annulus, Navitor demonstrated decreased mean pressure gradient by TTE, 9.2 [7.3–13.6] mmHg versus 7.5 [5.9–9.5] mmHg, p = 0.006; but not by invasive measurement 5.1 [3.4–7.7] mmHg versus 5.3 [3.2–7.9] mmHg, p = 0.986). Discordance between echocardiographic and invasive assessment was more prominent with S3UR. However, severe prosthesis‐patient mismatch was similarly noted between the two devices. Mild paravalvular leak (PVL) (24.5% vs. 54.5%, p = 0.002) was more frequent with the Navitor, despite no moderate‐severe PVL in each group. The incidence of hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) detected by MDCT was similar between the two groups.

Conclusions

Both intra‐annular valves demonstrated excellent hemodynamic performance with minimal PVL after TAVR. The incidence of HALT in both devices was comparable.
Sheaf Attention–Based Osprey Spiking Neural Network for Effective Thermal Management and Self‐Heating Mitigation in GaAs and GaN HEMTs
Authors: Iype Preethi Elizabeth , Suresh Babu V. , Paul Geenu
Published: January 2025

This research introduces the sheaf attention–based osprey spiking neural network (SA‐OSNN) to optimize the thermal performance of GaAs and GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), which are critical for radio frequency and microwave circuits due to their excellent electron characteristics. By integrating modified osprey optimization, the SA‐OSNN approach enhances thermal management by dynamically adjusting model parameters in response to changing environmental conditions, ensuring efficient and effective thermal control. This method is used as an optimization tool that works in conjunction with established thermal management solutions, such as GaN, SiC, and AlN materials, which provide the physical properties necessary for effective heat dissipation. This analysis covers a temperature between −100°C and 200°C, examining frequencies up to 50 GHz validating the accuracy and reliability for GaAs and GaN HEMT thermal optimization. Overall, this research achieves a minimum error of 5.97834e−01 and 6.01251e−05. Also, SA‐OSNN achieves an accuracy of 97% with better performances than existing methods.
Three‐dimensional differences in plantar surface shape captured by methods used for custom accommodative insole design
Authors: Nickerson Kimberly A. , Carranza Christina , Telfer Scott , Ledoux William R. , Muir Brittney C.
Published: January 2025

Background

The patient‐specific shape of custom accommodative insoles for individuals with diabetes provides full foot‐to‐insole contact, offloading areas with high plantar pressures and reducing ulceration risk. To design the insole surface, plantar surface shape is captured, traditionally with a foam crush box impression or more recently with 3D scans of the foot. Beyond discrete measurements of the foot, the overall plantar surface shapes obtained from these different methods have yet to be compared, however, differences in the shapes captured by these methods may affect the insole's surface geometry design and subsequent performance.

Methods

Plantar surface shapes of 12 individuals with diabetes were captured using a foam crush box, flatbed 3D foot scanner, and handheld 3D scanner. Foot length, width, arch height, and arch volume were measured from each shape‐capture method and compared. Mesh‐to‐mesh distances between the foam crush box mesh and the direct scanning method meshes for each subject were calculated.

Results

Foot length and width measured from the foam crush box scan were greater than the foot length measured from the flatbed scan and handheld scan. The flatbed scan also measured a length and width greater than the handheld scan. Arch heights and volumes from the flatbed scan were less than the heights calculated from the foam crush box and handheld scan. Mesh‐to‐mesh distances for the flatbed scan and areas of the foot not in contact with the scanner were inferior to the corresponding areas in the foam crush box impression. For the handheld scan, the lateral hindfoot and midfoot were superior, and the medial forefoot was inferior to the foam crush box impression.

Conclusions

Different clinical methods used to capture foot shapes for the design of accommodative insoles may result in different plantar surface shape outputs and therefore impact custom accommodative insole design.
Can Peritoneal Biopsy Diagnose Atypical Cases of Familial Mediterranean Fever?: A Case Report
Authors: Alsaffaf Yousef , Aldolly Ahmed , Shokfa Mahmoud , Alnahhas Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Background

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a prevalent inherited monogenic autoinflammatory disease that predominantly affects populations from the Mediterranean basin. It is typically characterized by the recurrence of fever episodes and abdominal pain accompanied by recurrent short‐lived inflammatory attacks that usually resolve spontaneously within 1–3 days. It is uncommon to see ascites with large amounts of peritoneal fluid as a manifestation of FMF.

Case Presentation

A 36‐year‐old Arab female presented with generalized abdominal pain and bloating. No family history of FMF. Analysis of peritoneal fluid identified low‐grade ascites. A CT scan was performed, which did not reveal any suspicious lesions. Laparoscopic surgery was undertaken to rule out the differential diagnoses and obtain a peritoneal biopsy, even though the periton had a normal visual appearance. Histopathological examination of the biopsy specimens was compatible with a diagnosis of FMF, after other differential diagnoses were ruled out. The patient showed significant improvement within a month of taking colchicine. The ascites resolved progressively and completely, affirming the FMF diagnosis.

Conclusion

The occurrence of chronic ascites in a patient requires the consideration of FMF among the differential diagnoses. A diagnosis of FMF can also be suspected through a peritoneal biopsy, which may be sufficient for diagnosis without the need for genetic testing. Additionally, the patient's response to colchicine therapy can be considered for confirmation, as demonstrated in our case. Future research should focus on considering the inclusion of peritoneal biopsy among the diagnostic criteria for FMF particularly in cases with non‐specific presentations.
Effects of whey protein aggregates with different sizes on the gelatinization and retrogradation behavior of wheat starch
Authors: Fan Zixuan , Chai Junyue , Zhu Lirong , Yang Chunxi , Wang Jiage , Lü Xin , Shan Yuanyuan
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Starch retrogradation leads to undesirable changes in the texture and taste of starchy foods. The fibrous aggregates of whey protein fibrils (WPF) formed by heating under acidic conditions possess enhanced emulsification and foaming properties, but their effect on the retrogradation behavior of starch is unclear.

RESULTS

WPFs with various molecular sizes were obtained by heating at 85 °C under acidic conditions (pH 2.0) for different times (0, 0.5, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 h). Their effects on the gelatinization and retrogradation of wheat starch were investigated. Particle size distribution and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the formation of WPFs. Compared to native starch, WPFs reduced swelling, lowered the storage modulus (G') peak, and increased the gelatinization temperature, indicating inhibition of starch gelatinization. High molecular weight WPF (WPF5) had the strongest inhibitory effect, significantly enhancing G' during cooling after gelatinization, suggesting a stronger gel network. Moreover, all WPFs reduced retrogradation and crystallinity of starch gels over 14 days, with WPF5 showing the most significant effect, reducing retrogradation by 35.85% and relative crystallinity by 5.53%.

CONCLUSION

Whey protein fibrous aggregates, especially those with high molecular weight (WPF5), inhibit starch gelatinization and retrogradation. This study presents a novel approach to improve starch‐based food quality by reducing retrogradation and enhancing gel structure. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Qualität sichern – frag Eurachem
Authors: Koch Michael
Published: January 2025

In der chemischen Analytik ist Qualitätssicherung entscheidend für genaue, zuverlässige und vergleichbare Messergebnisse – sie stellt sicher, dass analytische Verfahren den gesetzlichen und wissenschaftlichen Anforderungen genügen. Wie unterstützt das Netzwerk Eurachem Labore dabei, Methoden zu harmonisieren und Qualitätsstandards zu erfüllen?
Trendbericht Anorganische Chemie 2025: Hauptgruppen‐ und Molekülchemie
Authors: Abbenseth Josh , Tambornino Frank
Published: January 2025

Das erste heterobimetallische Dimetallocen; mit sterisch anspruchsvollen Liganden lassen sich einfach‐koordinierte Hauptgruppenverbindungen der Gruppen 13 bis 15 herstellen; neue Diazoverbindungen erlauben es, B‐R‐Einheiten und Kohlenstoffatome zu übertragen.
Meyer‐Galow‐Preis: Batterien hitzebeständig machen
Authors: Edinger Medea
Published: January 2025

Brandbeständige Materialien machen Elektrofahrzeug‐Batterien sicherer. Der Meyer‐Galow‐Preis für Wirtschaftschemie würdigt diese Erfindung.
Chemische Energie richtig speichern
Authors: Osterland Thomas , Hübinger Wolfgang , Roduner Emil
Published: January 2025

Um erneuerbare Energie effizient zu nutzen und CO2‐Emissionen zu senken, braucht es zusätzliche Energiespeicher und ein besseres System, um die Stromnachfrage flexibel an die Verfügbarkeit anzupassen. Wie lassen sich dafür chemische Energiespeicher wie Wasserstoff einsetzen?
Charta – Zugang zu Forschung
Authors: Edinger Medea
Published: January 2025

Die Europäische Kommission legt neue Prinzipien fest, damit Forschung in Zukunft den Fair‐Prinzipien folgend zugänglich wird.
SDOG: Scalable Scheduling of Flows Based on Dynamic Online Grouping in Industrial Time‐Sensitive Networks
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Jin , Liu Chang , Wang Jie , Tian Li , Yu Xiao , Wei Min
Published: January 2025

Although many studies have conducted the traffic scheduling of time‐sensitive networks, most focus on small‐scale static scheduling for specific scenarios, which cannot cope with dynamic and rapid scheduling of time‐triggered (TT) flows generated in scalable scenarios in the Industrial Internet of Things. In this paper, we propose a Scalable TT flow scheduling method based on Dynamic Online Grouping in industrial time‐sensitive networks (SDOG). To achieve that, we establish an undirected weighted flow graph based on the conflict index between TT flows and divide available time into equally spaced time windows. We dynamically group the TT flows within each window locally. When the number of flows to be scheduled doubles, we can achieve scalable and efficient solutions to efficiently schedule dynamic TT flows, avoiding unnecessary conflicts during data communication. In addition, a topology pruning strategy is adopted to prune the network topology of each group, reducing unnecessary link variables and further effectively shortening the scheduling time. Experimental results validated our expected performance and demonstrated that our proposed SDOG scheduling method has advantages in terms of overall traffic schedulability and average time for scheduling individual traffic.
Prescribed burning effectively maintains threatened species in semi‐natural grasslands on lava flows
Authors: Asada Airi A. , Ohwaki Atsushi , Yaida Yuki A. , Kawakami Fuma , Masuda Masaki , Ushimaru Atushi
Published: January 2025

Societal Impact Statement

Prescribed burning shows promise for managing certain grassland types, but relying solely on it often reduces plant diversity, including threatened species. In Japanese dry grasslands established on volcanic ejecta, we explored conditions under which burning maintains high diversity. Lava grasslands, especially those on young lava flows with hard, shallow, and acidic soil and high rock and stone cover, harbored the most diverse plants, including threatened species. Burning helps prevent forest encroachment, efficiently maintaining species‐rich grasslands on lava flows. We recommend this approach to land managers for maintaining grasslands and conserving threatened plants, particularly in shallow, acidic soil conditions.

Prescribed burning can be an effective and efficient method for managing large areas of grasslands, particularly in face of global increases in grassland abandonment. However, relying solely on regular burning often leads to declines in diversity of grassland plants including threatened species in Eurasian countries. Therefore, investigating conditions under which prescribed burning effectively conserves threatened species is highly important. We hypothesized that under specific soil physicochemical conditions, even burning‐only management can maintain high threatened species diversity.

To test the hypothesis, we compared soil physicochemical properties and vegetation among burning‐managed grasslands on different volcanic bedrocks (young/old lava and scoria) in Nashigahara, Yamanashi, Japan. We quantitatively investigated how bedrock, soil, and vegetation properties affected diversity of plants, including threatened species.

We found the highest plant diversity in young lava grasslands, which were characterized by hard and shallow soil and high rock and stone cover, than old lava and young/old scoria grasslands. Meanwhile, soil nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) did not vary among bedrock types and had no significant effects on plant diversity. In young lava grasslands, shallow soil, low soil pH, and resulting low vegetation height caused high threatened species diversity, supporting the hypothesis.

Mature vegetation on lava flows often comprises forests worldwide. Nonetheless, our findings suggest that prescribed burning successfully suppresses tree dominance and promotes the establishment of highly species‐rich grasslands on lava flows. We propose that prescribed burning can effectively conserve threatened species in semi‐natural grasslands established under specific soil environments, such as those on lava flows.
Oxygen Consumption and Metabolic Equivalents During Physical Activities in Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shimizu Natsuki , Kanai Masashi , Ota Tomohiro
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

Patient education on physical activity (PA) requires a clear understanding of PA intensity. However, there is no organized list of PAs intensities specific to individuals with stroke. This review aimed to clarify the intensity of PAs in people with stroke and summarize the methodologies and participant characteristics in previous investigations of energy expenditure (EE) during PAs.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and PEDro databases in October 2021, and repeated in February 2024. Reports meeting the eligibility criteria were reviewed to extract participant characteristics and summarized EE for each PA type according to gait ability. Where possible, EE during PA was integrated using a weighted mean.

Results

A total of 55 eligible articles and 1719 participants were included. Twenty‐one PAs were identified, most of which involved walking or exercise. Data on acute stroke were sparse, accounting for only 1.2% of all participants. PAs related to daily living were typically measured over 5–8 min, with steady‐state means used for movement tasks. Among ambulatory patients, walking with maximal effort corresponded to moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (> 3 METs), even at low speeds. However, comfortable walking at slow speeds, sit‐to‐stand, and reaching while standing corresponded to light PA (1.6–2.9 METs).

Discussion

EE during PA in people with stroke has been inadequately investigated, particularly for daily activities other than walking, and studies involving acute stroke remain limited. Additionally, EE during light PAs, such as reaching, sit‐to‐stand, wheelchair propulsion, and comfortable walking at slow speed in ambulatory stroke patients, was found to align closely with values reported in the Compendium of PAs.

Trial Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42022300366.
EGFR and JAK2 were significant master gene biomarkers in invasive and noninvasive pituitary adenoma
Authors: Ghasemi Afsaneh , Fereidouni Zhila , Maleki‐Sheikhabadi Fahimeh , Shariati Far Fateme , Dokoohaki Roya , Zaferani Arani Hamid , Bereimipour Ahmad
Published: January 2025

The pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common benign tumor of the pituitary gland. Pituitary tumors and healthy tissues, as well as different types of tumors, have distinct metabolite profiles. However, noninvasive to invasive transcriptional alterations, widely assumed to be therapeutic targets, have not yet been characterized. We describe the comprehensive identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumors and controls, using microarray data for 70 samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, spanning the four most frequent tumor subtypes. There were a total of 940 DEGs unique to prolactin tumors, 437 DEGs unique to nonfunctional tumors, and 217 DEGs shared by all four categories. Many relevant biological functions were altered, as revealed by functional enrichment analysis. Involvement in cell cycle, AGE‐RAGE, NF Kappa B, cytokine–cytokine interaction, and B‐ and T‐cell receptors signaling were identified as significant pathways in high‐expression genes. In contrast, the extracellular matrix, RAS signaling, breast cancer‐related pathways, focal adhesion, RAP1 signaling, axon guidance, and RNA degradation were identified as significant pathways in low‐expression genes. Also, EGFR and JAK2 had a prominent role in the invasion of PA. By performing a thorough bioinformatics analysis of the transcriptomics data available for PA, we were able to isolate a subset of metabolically related DEGs that may represent novel and highly promising treatment targets.
Wenshen Yiqi Granule Alleviates Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via the Long Noncoding RNA‐XIST/MicroRNA‐200c‐3p Axis
Authors: Deng Haoran , Zhu Shiping , Yu Fei , Song Xue , Jin Xinlai , Ding Xuchun
Published: January 2025

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major challenge to global public health. Evidence showed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)‐XIST/microRNA (miRNA)‐200c‐3p axis regulated apoptosis and inflammation in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)‐exposed human bronchial epithelial cells. Wenshen Yiqi granule (WSYQG) is a Traditional Chinese medicine compound prescription and often used for treating COPD. However, the current understanding of the mechanism by which WSYQG improves COPD is still limited, which has somewhat restrained its widespread application. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects and biological mechanisms of WSYQG on CSE‐exposed type II alveolar epithelial (AEC II) cells with cell transfection and miRNA mimics/inhibitors intervention. Cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, Transwell, Western blot, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and fluorescence in situ hybridization assays were used. Results showed that WSYQG intervention increased cell viability and decreased levels of IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and apoptosis, also preventing cell migration in CSE‐exposed ACE II cells. Additionally, expression of epithelial marker (ZO‐1), Notch1/4 decreased, and mesenchymal markers (vimentin) and Notch2 expression increased in CSE‐exposed ACE II cells, while WSYQG intervention antagonized them and also decreased N‐cadherin and increased E‐cadherin. Silencing lncRNA‐XIST enhanced WSYQG's effects on CSE‐exposed ACE II cells, while inhibiting miR‐200c‐3p reversed silencing lncRNA‐XIST's effects. Furthermore, dual‐luciferase reporter assay system and RNA immunoprecipitation assay proved that lncRNA‐XIST acts as a miR‐200c‐3p sponge. This study highlights the importance of the lncRNA‐XIST/miR‐200c‐3p axis in WSYQG improving COPD, providing a research basis for WSYQG to improve COPD and expanding the possibility of expanding its clinical application.
Disaster Insurance for Climate Loss and Damage: Assessing Challenges and Opportunities to Adoption in Malawi
Authors: Kita Stern Mwakalimi
Published: January 2025

Disaster insurance is gaining prominence as a tool to address climate‐induced loss and damage in developing countries. Despite ongoing efforts to pilot disaster insurance in Malawi, adoption by households remains low. This study examines factors influencing the adoption of disaster insurance in Malawi, a country highly susceptible to climate‐related impacts. Drawing on qualitative research across seven districts and guided by the Diffusion of Innovations Theory, the study identifies key opportunities and barriers to insurance uptake. It stresses the importance of awareness raising, integration with existing services, and partnerships in promoting insurance adoption. Additionally, the study explores novel approaches, including communities applying disaster insurance knowledge to design local risk pooling mechanisms, integrating insurance into existing projects, and designing hybrid indices for risk assessment and premium calculation. These offer insights into the potential synergies between formal insurance schemes and grassroots initiatives. However, challenges such as limited awareness, affordability constraints, absence of enabling policy and legal frameworks, and capacity gaps in the local insurance industry hinder widespread adoption. Addressing these barriers requires targeted interventions, including awareness campaigns, innovative financing mechanisms, and policy reforms. The study contributes to the debate on disaster insurance in low‐income countries, underscoring the need for reforms to build resilience.
Secure Observer‐Assisted Fuzzy Tracking Control for Non‐Linear Networked Systems With Event‐ and Protocol‐Based Communication
Authors: Li Yan , Zhu Ding , Zha Lijuan , Liu Jinliang , Tian Engang
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the secure observer‐assisted Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy tracking control issue for non‐linear networked control systems (NCSs) with communication constraints is comprehensively investigated. Firstly, to deal with the limited network bandwidth, a novel two‐stage data transmission scheme (TS‐DTS), which employs an adaptive event‐triggered mechanism (AETM) and round robin (RR) protocol, is proposed to effectively reduce bandwidth pressure as well as to avoid potential data collision. Meanwhile, considering the frequent occurrence of cyber attacks in a networked environment, deception attack that seriously threats the data integrity is particularly concerned and elaborately modeled. Then, an augmented T‐S fuzzy system is constructed based on designing the framework of the observer‐assisted tracking controller in aid of solving the considered problem. Subsequently, the observer and controller gains are devised with the analysis of sufficient conditions for the stability and tracking control performance of the established system. A simulation example is finally conducted to verify the availability of the proposed T‐S fuzzy tracking control approach.