bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gestational diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for neuropsychiatric pathology in offspring
Authors: Evsyukova Inna I.
Published: March 2024

This review article summarizes current ideas about gestational diabetes mellitus as an independent risk factor for long-term neuropsychiatric morbidity in offspring. Herein, we describe the genetic programming patterns of morphofunctional brain development during intrauterine life, which provide the basis for short- and long-term functions of the central nervous system. The results of experimental and clinical studies are presented that explain the pathophysiological mechanisms of the harmful effects on the fetal brain of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperlepthyremia, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation in the mother with pregnancy complicated by diabetes mellitus. We also discuss structural brain abnormalities and neuropsychiatric consequences. The article substantiates the need for the prevention of neuropsychiatric diseases in the offspring of women with obesity and other concomitant pathology at the stage of family planning, and at the onset of pregnancy, the expediency of early screening, treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus and neuroprotection in the perinatal period of the child’s life.
Assessment of the impact of COVID-19 experienced at different stages of gestation on perinatal outcomes and structural changes in the placenta
Authors: Borovaya Svetlana Yu. , Yakimova Anna V. , Ageeva Tatiana A. , Mudrov Victor A.
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: At the beginning of the pandemic COVID-19, the attention of obstetricians and gynecologists was focused on studying the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Currently, the dynamics of mutations in genes encoding SARS-CoV-2 proteins determines the emergence of a large number of new strains of the virus that are highly virulent. Given this fact, the problem of assessing the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes also remains relevant.
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) transmitted at different stages of gestation on perinatal outcomes and structural changes in the placenta.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 2022–2023, a prospective analysis of 113 cases of childbirth in women who had the novel coronavirus infection during pregnancy was carried out in obstetric institutions in Novosibirsk. The total sample of subjects was divided into three study groups using cluster analysis. Group 1 included 25 women who had SARS-CoV-2 at a gestation period of up to 16 weeks; Group 2 consisted of 61 patients who underwent COVID-19 at gestation period of 17 to 34 weeks; and Group 3 comprised 27 pregnant women in whom COVID-19 was detected after 34 weeks of pregnancy. The control group included 65 pregnant women who had a negative smear test result for SARS-CoV-2. Pathological examination of the placenta included macro- and microscopic studies. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics Version 25.0 program.
RESULTS: The most common fetal distress was observed in patients of Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.002). We found an inverse correlation between the gestational age at which a woman suffered coronavirus infection and the volumetric density of capillaries and intervillous fibrinoid, as well as the percentage of formation of the syncytial-capillary membrane and villi with symplastic buds. On the contrary, a direct correlation between the gestational age and the volumetric density of connective tissue was found. Intervillusitis was more often observed in the placentas of women of Groups 1 and 2. Histitocytic infiltration was characteristic of the placentas of patients of Group 2.
CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of adverse perinatal outcomes and the intensity of structural changes in the placenta depend on the gestation period in which the patient suffered the novel coronavirus infection. The most significant structural changes in the placenta were detected in patients of Group 2.
Akut Aortik Sendroma Genel Bakış
Authors: Benli Onur
Published: March 2024

Akut aortik sendrom ; aort diseksiyonu , intramural hematom , semptomatik penetre aortik ülseri içine alan bir kavramdır. Ancak bu üç patoloji ilerleyişine göre torakal aort anevrizması ve travmatik aort rüptürünü de içine alarak geniş bir terminoloji grubunu oluşturur. Aort diseksiyonu en sık görülen tipidir. Tip A aort diseksiyonunda acil cerrahi gerekir iken, Tip B de endovascular tedavi gerekir. İntramural hematom, intimal flep olmadan aort duvarı hematomu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Rüptüre aorta , aort diseksiyonuna, anevrizma veya psödoanevrizmaya ilerleyebildiği gibi tam rezolüsyon da gösterebilir. Cerrahi ve prognostik olarak tutulan aort segmentine göre proksimal ( A tipi ) ve distal ( B tipi ) Akut Aortik Sendrom olarak ayrılabilir. A tipi İntramural hematomlarda çoğu olguda cerrahi tedavi önerilebilir. Desendan aortta lokalize İntramural hematomlarda cerrahi ve medikal tedavi ile yaşam süresinde genellikle fark bulunmamıştır. Penetran aortik ülser ise; internal elastik laminayı delerek media tabakasına ilerleyen aterosklerotik lezyonun ülserasyonunu tanımlar. Bu hastalarda klinik ilerleme olmayabilir. Travmatik aort rüptürü veya transeksiyon yine erken girişim gerektiren aort lezyonlarıdır. Tedavi yöntemleri, cerrahi ya da endovasküler girişimler hastaların klinik durumlarına göre ayarlanabilir.
Organokinler ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri
Authors: İlhan Ahmet , Kökbaş Umut
Published: March 2024

Metabolik bozuklukların sonucunda ortaya çıkan obezite en büyük küresel sağlık sorunlarından birisidir. Obezite, sarkopeni, tip 2 diyabet ve kardiyovasküler hastalık prevalansının artmasına aşırı enerji alımı, hareketsiz yaşam ve yaşlanma katkıda bulunmuştur. Organokinler ile ilgili yeni araştırmalar, kardiyometabolik hastalıklar için umut verici biyobelirteçlerin ve terapötiklerin geliştirilmesine yol açabilir. Organokinlerin biyokimyasal etkilerinin araştırılması metabolik hastalıkların başlangıcına ve ilerlemesine yol açan etkenleri ortaya çıkarabilir. Bu derlemede, başlıca organokinler tanımlanmış ve biyokimyasal etkilerine değinilmiştir.
The role of endoscopic submucosal dissection in the treatment of large superficial duodenal epithelial neoplasia
Authors: Buyruk Abdullah Murat , Baki Bahadır Emre , Kalkan Çağdaş
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is one of the recommended treatment modality in terms of facilitating en-bloc resection in patients with superficial duodenal epithelial neoplasm larger than 2 cm. There is limited information in the literature about the applicability of endoscopic submucosal dissection in superficial duodenal epithelial neoplasm. In this single-center study, the results of eight patients with superficial duodenal epithelial neoplasm who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients who underwent duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection between February 2019 and November 2023 were screened. Eight patients with superficial duodenal epithelial neoplasm larger than 2 cm were included in the study. Results: The median tumor diameter was 27.5 mm (20 - 80 mm). The most common localization was the duodenum second part (87.5%). En bloc and R0 resection rates were each 100%. The median procedure time was 37.5 min. Two patients (20%) with complications were treated with endoscopic clips. No recurrence was observed in all patients (mean 21 months). Conclusion: Endoscopic submucosal dissection is a technically challenging but successful method in the treatment of superficial duodenal epithelial neoplasm. Due to the high risk of complications, duodenal endoscopic submucosal dissection should be performed in experienced centers.
Multidisciplinary approach for hepatocellular carcinoma patients: current evidence and future perspectives
Authors: Oh Joo Hyun , Sinn Dong Hyun
Published: March 2024

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is challenging due to the complex relationship between underlying liver disease, tumor burden, and liver function. HCC is also notorious for its high recurrence rate even after curative treatment for early-stage tumor. Liver transplantation can substantially alter patient prognosis, but donor availability varies by each patient which further complicates treatment decision. Recent advancements in HCC treatments have introduced numerous potentially efficacious treatment modalities. However, high level evidence comparing the risks and benefits of these options is limited. In this complex situation, multidisciplinary approach or multidisciplinary team care has been suggested as a valuable strategy to help cope with escalating complexity in HCC management. Multidisciplinary approach involves collaboration among medical and health care professionals from various academic disciplines to provide comprehensive care. Although evidence suggests that multidisciplinary care can enhance outcomes of HCC patients, robust data from randomized controlled trials are currently lacking. Moreover, the implementation of a multidisciplinary approach necessitates increased medical resources compared to conventional cancer care. This review summarizes the current evidence on the role of multidisciplinary approach in HCC management and explores potential future directions.
Advancing Korean nationwide registry for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic sampling approach utilizing the Korea Central Cancer Registry database
Authors: Kim Bo Hyun , Yun E Hwa , Lee Jeong-Hoon , Hong Geun , Park Jun Yong , Shim Ju Hyun , Kim Eunyang , Kong Hyun-Joo , Jung Kyu-Won , Lim Young-Suk
Published: March 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a substantial public health challenge in South Korea as evidenced by 10,565 new cases annually (incidence rate of 30 per 100,000 individuals), in 2020. Cancer registries play a crucial role in gathering data on incidence, disease attributes, etiology, treatment modalities, outcomes, and informing health policies. The effectiveness of a registry depends on the completeness and accuracy of data. Established in 1999 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) is a comprehensive, legally mandated, nationwide registry that captures nearly all incidence and survival data for major cancers, including HCC, in Korea. However, detailed information on cancer staging, specific characteristics, and treatments is lacking. To address this gap, the KCCR, in partnership with the Korean Liver Cancer Association (KLCA), has implemented a systematic approach to collect detailed data on HCC since 2010. This involved random sampling of 10-15% of all new HCC cases diagnosed since 2003. The registry process encompassed four stages: random case selection, meticulous data extraction by trained personnel, expert validation, anonymization of personal data, and data dissemination for research purposes. This random sampling strategy mitigates the biases associated with voluntary reporting and aligns with stringent privacy regulations. This innovative approach positions the KCCR and KLCA as foundations for advancing cancer control and shaping health policies in South Korea.
AN APPLICATION FOR THE CALIBRATION OF THE TWO-PRESSURE HUMIDITY GENERATOR
Authors: Ekici Can
Published: March 2024

Two-pressure humidity generator (2-PHG) has capability to produce environments of known humidity with the “two pressure” method that is proven by NIST. The 2-PHG is supplied with known humidity values, the values can be used for instrument calibration, verification and such as other processes. The set point values can be entered from the device’s front panel by an operator. 2-PHG calculates the relative humidity from the pressure and temperature measurements with the formula. The computer controls the ratios on the formula to generate a known humidity value. 2-PHG has to have traceability for using on calibration processes of other devices; 2-PHG must be calibrated. This study represents an application of the 2-PHG calibration by using the guides and articles in the literature about the device. Calibration of the 2-PHG contains examination of the each parameter of the formula that was given for humidity calculation. Four temperature and two pressure probes that are saturation temperature probe, pre-saturation temperature probe, expansion valve temperature probe, chamber temperature probe, low pressure probe, high pressure probe help 2-PHG to calculate the formula. Calibration of the 2-PHG, also, contains the calibration of the temperature probes and the pressure probes. This study expresses an application of the calibration of a 2-PHG which is located in Turkish Standard Institution Gebze Calibration Laboratories and the uncertainty calculation of this application can be seen on this paper. Each uncertainty parameter of the formula and uncertainty parameters of the probes that are affected to the total uncertainty were calculated. For different temperatures and different relative humidities, the measurement uncertainty of this application was given on this paper. This study can be used as a supplementary document in the calibrations of the 2-PGH and in the new studies.
‘Resources and energy development’: An International Society for the Study of Rural Crime Roundtable
Authors: Jacquet Jeffrey , O'Connor Christopher , Heitkamp Thomasine , Ruddell Rick
Published: March 2024

No abstract available.
Practical Applications in Histopathology, Cytopathology and Autopsy: An MCQ/EMQ Resource
Authors: Gupta Dr Limci , Thomas Dr Val , Wang Dr Jayson
Published: March 2024

'Practical applications in histopathology, cytopathology and autopsy: an MCQ/EMQ resource' is a comprehensive collection of MCQ/EMQs with explanations and correct answers at the end of each chapter. The authors of all the chapters are consultants in pathology practising in UK with the professional qualification of FRCPath.

This book will have a practical use in day to day pathology practice and would be a very helpful tool for pathology exam preparation (FRCPath part 1 and similar exams).

This book touches most of the important entities / aspects of cellular pathology covering histopathology, cytopathology and autopsy. It includes points of practical importance and addresses some aspects of frozen section diagnoses. It includes questions on important points in ‘Minimum Datasets for Cancer Reporting’ as recommended by Royal College of Pathologists, UK. It incorporates clinical and surgical aspects of tumour grading and staging which are discussed routinely at multi-disciplinary team meetings with surgeons, physicians, oncologists, radiologists and specialist nurses.

This book has tried to cover tried various styles in which questions can be framed for FRCPath part 1 exam. A unique feature of this book is the inclusion of a section addressing clinical management issues in cellular pathology.

All the questions are original and based on routine pathology practice in UK.
Fundamental of Analytical Chemistry, 2020
Authors: Srivastava Dr. Bajarang Bali Lal , Mishra Dr. Amarnath
Published: March 2024

Analytical chemistry is the rapidly progressing branch of chemistry, which deals with the study of analytical tools with matter. Thus, the novel techniques emerging in analytical chemistry are facilitating quick and reliable measurement. The primary objective of book entitled Fundamental of analytical chemistry is to provide fundamental knowledge of the analytical principles. The massive scope of the subject dictates the all-possible visual assistance is avoidable to the students. This has done by presenting a large no of questions and examples serve to reinforce as well as assist the students to learning the subject. The present edition designed to use as a textbook as well as competitive book by the students of B.Sc. and M.Sc. It is also serve as a reference manual for practisiging analytical chemists and research students.

The unique features of the book are

v
Pharmacology MCQ for All India Postgraduate Medical Entrance Examination
Authors: D.M. Dr. Chetan , V.M. Dr. Chandrasehkar , H.L Dr. Raghavendra , Barangi Dr. Sujatha
Published: March 2024

This set of MCQ’s based on the different topics of Pharmacology is made for the aspirants of PG Medical and for Pharmacy and Biotechnology students. This set has very relevant questions and it covers MCQs in depth.

Salient features:
1.       The MCQs covered and designed from each chapter in depth.
2.       Discover what students know about a topic prior to teaching. Design the MCQs based on that knowledge.
Involve students in higher-level thinking questions, and extending activities.
Renal Physiology For MBBS Students
Authors: Sorte Dr. Smita R. , Rathod Dr. Sachin B.
Published: March 2024

This book focus on basic principle of renal physiology needed for health care profession. Renal physiology is the study of the functioning of the kidney. Renal Physiology for MBBS students, First edition, is written for the medical students. Based on the author's experience with teaching this course, the framework of the textbook is designed to provide basic knowledge before delving into more complex physiological processes. This approach is appreciated by both instructors and students. This book contains a comprehensive knowledge illustrated in simple language in an examination oriented approach for the medical students in physiology, who are aspiring not only to acquire the knowledge of the subject but also to excel in their examinations. Efforts have also been made to provide the concepts in renal physiology. In addition to not presupposing student's preparedness, this popular textbook is known for its clear and approachable writing style, detailed realistic art, and unsurpassed basic physiology information. The salient features of the book are: Specially designed for MBBS course of new MCI curriculum. Highly effective and useful for MBBS (Integrated curriculum), M.Sc. (Medical Physiology), BSc/MSc (Physiology) students. The information incorporated is concise without disturbing the conceptual ability, to the point, relevant for exams, up-to-date and sequentially arranged for better understanding. Interesting to read, easy to comprehend and simple to replicate. Extensive use of colorful diagram, flow chart and block diagram to make the concept crystal clear. It include university question and problem solving at end of each chapter, that are useful for undergraduate and post graduate also. Important things are highlighted.
History of Physiology – For Postgraduate Students
Authors: (Physiology) R. K. Marya – M.D.
Published: March 2024

The textbooks of physiology describe various biological phenomena in short precise paragraphs in a succinct manner. The students are seldom aware of the fact that behind the information described in one para of the textbook lies the hard work of dozens or more of our ancestors, each having spent a greater part of the lifetime to bring the knowledge one step forward. This book describes how our ancestors have helped us achieve the vast scientific knowledge of physiology we have today. Their endeavours have been self-less, and for which they often faced ridicule or even persecution. We are under their debt forever. I hope the book shall find favour with both postgraduate students in physiology as well as their teachers. Postgraduate students would not only learn about the role of famous ancient and modern physiologists but also find the book helpful in understanding the subject of physiology as a whole in greater depth. The teachers would find the historical stories and anecdotes useful to spice up their lectures.
Essentials of Agricultural Microbiology
Authors: Yogranjan Yogranjan , Kumar Pranay
Published: March 2024

The undergraduate course curriculum offered in Central and State Agricultural Universities has been revised through the V deans` committee of ICAR. Many of the courses have been reframed for the first time in the curriculum of the undergraduate course. The course entitled Agricultural Microbiology is one of such courses having coverage of fundamental but diverse aspects of agricultural microbiology including bacteriology, plant pathology, soil microbiology, food microbiology, microbial genetics, and microbial biotechnology etc. The book “Essentials of Agricultural Microbiology” has been framed in a holistic view and strictly in adherence to the syllabus recommended by V Deans` committee of ICAR for the new course curriculum of Central and State agricultural Universities. Although, several books on microbiology are already available but they all seem to be very exhaustive and detailed to be read by the typical agricultural student who has to keep up with several classes of other subjects in parallel. On the contrary, a number of books are also there in the market which are insufficient and are full of irrelevant information on microbiology not useful to an agricultural student. This book has been compiled in a very specific manner keeping in view the diversity of study materials of the course and academic base of the agricultural students. The proposed manuscript covers all fundamental aspects of agricultural microbiology in a well explicit manner and aptly illustrated with tables, explicit figures, and photographs throughout the text to help students understand and retain information. It also sums up all again through exercises in the last of every chapter. Although the book has been designed to teach undergraduate agricultural students, it will also serve as both a textbook for other students having the parallel course. The book will also serve as a review tool as well as supplementary reading materials for many competitive examinations.
A comparative study between 0.5% Ropivacaine with clonidine versus 0.5% Ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine in ultra sound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block
Authors: Abhishek M. S.  , Nagaraju T. R
Published: March 2024

Adjuvants in blockade of the brachial plexus can lengthen patient care and hasten the ambulation with stable hemodynamics. Brachial plexus block has possible complications like local anaesthetic systemic toxicity, pneumothorax, nerve injury etc. which can be overcome by use of ultrasound guidance with adjuvants like dexmedetomidine and clonidine for postoperative analgesia. Ropivacaine has higher motor to sensory differentiation and lesser cardiotoxicity.

A prospective blinded study comprising of 90 subjects posted for elective upper extremity surgeries.

To compare the onset, duration of sensory and motor blockade and analgesia of 0.5% ropivacaine with clonidine 1mg.kg- and 0.5% ropivacaine with dexmedetomidine 1mg.kg-.

Ninety patients aged 18 – 60yrs were chosen and randomly allocated into two groups of 45 participants. 20mL of 0.5% Ropivacaine and dexmedetomidine 1mg.kg-was administered to Group A and Group B received Ropivacaine and clonidine 1mg.kg-.

In Group A, 73.3% of the subjects showed onset of sensory block of 8 minutes while it was 10 minutes in 26.7% of the subjects. In Group B, 44.4% of the patients showed onset of sensory block of 8 minutes, and 26.7% of the patients showed onset of sensory block of 10 min. Statistically, subjects in Group A showed decrease in onset of block and a higher mean duration of sensory and motor block in contrast to Group B.

Addition of dexmedetomidine to 0.5% ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block decreased the time of onset of sensory and motor block and extended the period of analgesia.
The occupational stress and lifestyle of anesthesiologists living in the southern district of Tamil Nadu- A pilot questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Venugopal Anitha , Venkatachalam Karthikeyan , Rani Amudha
Published: March 2024

A pilot questionnaire-based method was used to assess the qualitative data on work-related stress, family spending time and to evaluate the usefulness of this survey in managing their stress in their own feasible way among the anesthesiologists living in Tamil Nadu, Southern India.

It was a cross-sectional, confidential survey conducted using a questionnaire method. It consisted of 15 questions under four headings prepared and handed over personally to 100 anesthesiologists who attended the State-level Anesthesiology Continuing medical education (CMEs), conducted in two districts of the southernmost part of Tamil Nadu. All the questions had a minimum of three multiple-choice options. They were subdivided into four sections: a) Questions on Demographic profile, b) Questions on assessment of time spent with family members: travel time, c) Questions on the assessment of personal time spent: hobbies, recreational activities, exercise, and habits of addiction d) Questions to assess the work pressure.

Seventy anaesthesiologists (70%) responded to the survey. The mean age of the participants was 39.5(12.2) years. Among them, 14.3% (10) had diabetes, and 11.4% (8) had hypertension young. 24.3% (17) had>12 duty hours. Most of them spend (34.3%; 24) only 1-2 hours per day with family. Only 15.6% (5) exercise > 5 hours a week. Fifty percent of the participants were stressed during the first case of death on the table (DOT), only 17% handled with confidence and were not stressed, but 33% were stressed and did not sleep well for a few days. The overall stress levels were 61.4%. Forty-two percent (42.8%; 30) have addictive habits such as smoking and drinking alcohol. 

Our questionnaire-based study helped the responded Anaesthesiologists realize the amount of work-related stress, personal time, and family time is inadequate. At the end of the survey, most wanted to change their lifestyle and spend valuable family and me time for the rest of their life.
A systematic review on efficacy of dexmedetomidine on emergence agitation after nasal surgeries
Authors: Medatwal Ritu , Garg Anil
Published: March 2024

Dexmedetomidine has sympatholytic, soothing, pain relieving vasoconstrictive and, sedative impacts, which might assist with forestalling hypotension. This study intended to play out an orderly survey of the writing and explore the viability of dexmedetomidine on perioperative dreariness following nasal medical procedure. We looked the electronic Embase, Cochrane, MEDLINE, and PubMed data sets. Moreover, each significant article's and book's reference index was totally looked. Included were the expressions "Dexmedetomidine" [MeSH] "development disturbance, "[MeSH]", nasal medical procedure" [MeSH]" and general aneasthesia" [MeSH]. This survey shows that the fundamental organization of dexmedetomidine can diminish intraoperative blood misfortune, careful time, postoperative torment and the rate of development unsettling.
Measuring Racial Bias in Employment Services in Colombia
Authors: Duryea Suzanne , Millán-Quijano Jaime , Morrison Judith , Ovideo Gil Yanira
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we document de facto, implicit, and explicit racial biases within the public employment service in Colombia. By combining administrative data about job seekers and job openings with direct surveys to job counselors, including a Race Implicit Association Test, we compute different types of racial bias. We find that while job counselors do not self-report biased attitudes against Afro-descendant individuals, the majority exhibit high levels of implicit bias, which also correlates strongly with observed lower referral rates of Afro-descendants to job openings. In addition, we randomly provide information to job counselors about their implicit bias and test if this information changes their referral behavior. While we demonstrate that the implicit bias of counselors is a major contributor to racial gaps in labor outcomes, we do not find that providing feedback on this unconscious bias changes their referral behavior.
Bone morphogenetic protein-6 suppresses TGF-β2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in retinal pigment epithelium
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Liu Xuan , Ji Meng ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi Province, China, Ma Bo ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Hou Yu-Cen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Yao Xin-Yue ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Cheng Qiao-Chu ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China, Chen Li ,   Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
Published: March 2024

AIM: To evaluate the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-6 (BMP-6) on transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).
METHODS: Adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) were randomly divided into control, TGF-β2 (5 µg/L), and BMP-6 small interfering RNA (siRNA) group. The cell morphology was observed by microscopy, and the cell migration ability were detected by Transwell chamber. The EMT-related indexes and BMP-6 protein levels were detected by Western blotting. Furthermore, a BMP-6 overexpression plasmid was constructed and RPE cells were divided into the control group, TGF-β2+empty plasmid group, BMP-6 overexpression group, and TGF-β2+BMP-6 overexpression group. The EMT-related indexes and extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) protein levels were detected.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the migration of RPE cells in the TGF-β2 group was significantly enhanced. TGF-β2 increased the protein expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein levels of E-cadherin and BMP-6 (P<0.05) in RPE. Similarly, the migration of RPE cells in the BMP-6 siRNA group was also significantly enhanced. BMP-6 siRNA increased the protein expression levels of α-SMA, fibronectin and vimentin but significantly decreased the protein expression levels of E-cadherin (P<0.05). Overexpression of BMP-6 inhibited the migration of RPE cells induced by TGF-β2 and prevented TGF-β2 from affecting EMT-related biomarkers (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: BMP-6 prevents the EMT in RPE cells induced by TGF-β2, which may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Sutured scleral fixation of existing subluxated/dislocated acrylic one-piece intraocular lenses
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 710, Taiwan, China, Huang Wei-Yu
Published: March 2024

AIM: To evaluate the visual and refractive outcomes in cases after sutured scleral fixation of existing subluxated or dislocated acrylic one-piece intraocular lenses (IOLs).
METHODS: This study retrospectively enrolled a consecutive series of patients who underwent a surgery of sutured existing subluxated or dislocated IOLs from October 2018 to June 2020. All patients underwent comprehensive preoperative and postoperative ophthalmologic examination, and data were collected including age, sex, surgical indications, best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, intraocular pressure. Presence of intraoperative and postoperative surgical complications was documented.
RESULTS: A total of 20 consecutive cases were enrolled for analysis with mean final follow-up period 9.8±5.3mo. Visual acuity improved from a mean of 0.35 (0.46±0.32 logMAR) preoperatively to 0.61 (0.21±0.18 logMAR) at the 3-month follow-up (P=0.002). The mean amount of preoperative keratometric astigmatism and total postoperative refractive astigmatism was -1.24±0.80 diopters (D) and -1.42±0.97 D, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative astigmatism (P=0.156). The mean IOL-induced astigmatism was -0.23±0.53 D. The mean spherical equivalent at the 3-month follow-up was -0.1±0.94 D. No major complications were noted during the follow-up period.
CONCLUSION: Surgical techniques using sutured scleral fixation of existing subluxated or dislocated acrylic one-piece IOLs result in favorable visual and refractive outcomes without major complications.
Comparison of macular changes according to the etiology of optic neuritis: a cross-sectional study
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea, Moon Yeji , Jung Jae Ho ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
Published: March 2024

AIM: To compare the macular structure including foveal thickness among patients with optic neuritis (ON) according to the etiology and to investigate the possible correlation between structural and visual outcomes
METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, the clinical data of patients with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-related ON (AQP4 group, 40 eyes), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG-related ON (MOG group, 31 eyes), and multiple sclerosis-related ON (MS group, 24 eyes) were obtained. The retinal thickness of the foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal regions were measured. Visual acuity (VA), visual field index and mean deviation were measured as visual outcomes.
RESULTS: The AQP4 group showed a significantly thinner fovea (226.4±13.4 μm) relative to the MOG (236.8±14.0 μm, P=0.015) and MS (238.9±14.3 μm, P=0.007) groups. The thickness in the parafoveal area also was thinner in the AQP4 group, though the difference in perifoveal retinal thickness was not significant. Foveal thickness was correlated with VA in the AQP4 group (coefficient ρ=-0.418, P=0.014), but not in the MOG and MS groups (P=0.218 and P=0.138, respectively). There was no significant correlation between foveal thickness and visual field test in all three groups.
CONCLUSION: The significant thinning in the fovea and parafoveal areas in the AQP4 group compared to the MOG and MS groups are found. Additionally, macular changes in AQP4-ON show a significant correlation with VA. The results provide the possibility that retinal structural damage could reflect functional damage in AQP4-ON, distinct from MOG-ON and MS-ON.
Guiding function of positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma
Authors:   Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China; Tai’an City Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong Province, China, Zhang Xuan , Liu Rui ,   Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China, Li Jing ,   Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China, Li Ying-Chao ,   Tai’an City Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong Province, China, Ma Jian-Min ,   Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
Published: March 2024

AIM: To explore the role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML).
METHODS: The general clinical data, postoperative PET-CT results, treatment regimens, and the prognosis of 21 histopathologically confirmed OAML patients between October 2017 and September 2021 were collected. Among the 21 patients, five patients underwent surgical treatment alone, 13 patients underwent surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy, and three patients underwent surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy.
RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 79mo, with four cases of recurrence and no deaths. Through PET-CT examination, two patients exhibited both local ocular metabolic elevation and systemic metastasis, and one of these patients had cervical lymph node metastasis, while the other had submandibular and parotid gland metastasis. Nine patients showed only local ocular metabolic elevation, while 10 patients had no abnormal metabolic activity locally.
CONCLUSION: PET-CT examination plays a crucial role in detecting residual lesions and recurrence following tumor resection, aiding in precise disease staging, and facilitating the development of personalized treatment plans, ultimately improving patient prognosis.
Evaluation of retinal and choroidal thickness changes in overweight and obese adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China, Li Qing-Jian , Zhang Ling-Yu ,   Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen 361005, Fujian Province, China, Lin An-Ni ,   Department of Gastroenterology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China, Zhang Yang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China, Jiang Jing ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China, Che Xin ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China, Qian Yi-Wen ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China, Liu Yan ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China, Wang Zhi-Liang ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
Published: March 2024

AIM: To evaluate the relationship of overweight and obesity with retinal and choroidal thickness in adults without ocular symptoms by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).
METHODS: According to the body mass index (BMI) results, the adults enrolled in the cross-sectional study were divided into the normal group (18.50≤BMI<25.00 kg/m2), the overweight group (25.00≤BMI<30.00 kg/m2), and the obesity group (BMI≥30.00 kg/m2). The one-way ANOVA and the Chi-square test were used for comparisons. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between the measured variables.
RESULTS: This research covered the left eyes of 3 groups of 434 age- and sex-matched subjects each: normal, overweight, and obesity. The mean BMI was 22.20±1.67, 26.82±1.38, and 32.21±2.35 kg/m2 in normal, overweight and obesity groups, respectively. The choroid was significantly thinner in both the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal group (P<0.05 for all), while the retinal thickness of the three groups did not differ significantly. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that BMI was significantly negatively correlated with choroidal thickness, but no significant correlation was observed between BMI and retinal thickness.
CONCLUSION: Choroidal thickness is decreased in people with overweight or obesity. Research on changes in choroidal thickness contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of certain ocular disorders in overweight and obese adults.
Mesenchymal stem cells for repairing glaucomatous optic nerve
Authors:   Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China, Hu Bai-Yu , Chen Ming ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610095, Sichuan Province, China, Yu Ping ,   Eye School of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China, Zeng Liu-Zhi ,   Department of Ophthalmology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610095, Sichuan Province, China
Published: March 2024

Glaucoma is a common and complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and axons. Currently, there is no effective method to address the cause of RGCs degeneration. However, studies on neuroprotective strategies for optic neuropathy have increased in recent years. Cell replacement and neuroprotection are major strategies for treating glaucoma and optic neuropathy. Regenerative medicine research into the repair of optic nerve damage using stem cells has received considerable attention. Stem cells possess the potential for multidirectional differentiation abilities and are capable of producing RGC-friendly microenvironments through paracrine effects. This article reviews a thorough researches of recent advances and approaches in stem cell repair of optic nerve injury, raising the controversies and unresolved issues surrounding the future of stem cells.
Vacilación ante la vacuna contra el covid-19 en Estados Unidos de América: un estudio etnográfico digital
Authors: Vega Rosalynn Adeline
Published: March 2024

Luego de que se autorizara en EEUU el uso de la vacuna contra el covid-19 en bebés de seis meses a niños y niñas de cuatro años, algunas personas (padres, madres, pediatras y comunicadores) plantearon la vacunación contra el covid-19 como una cuestión de acceso; sin embargo, muchas otras se mostraron reacias y otras se resistieron a las recomendaciones de los Centers for Disease Control and Prevention de EEUU. En este contexto, este estudio se propuso explorar: 1) reacciones divergentes ante la autorización de uso de la vacuna contra el covid-19 en niños y niñas de seis meses a cuatro años; y 2) lógicas contrapuestas que subyacen a las actitudes provacunación, antivacunación y vacilación ante las vacunas contra el covid-19. Para ello, se realizó una etnografía digital, con monitoreo de 5.700 reacciones a una serie de ocho infografías publicadas en las redes sociales por la John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, y observación participante en un grupo focal en línea a lo largo de un año, desde diciembre de 2021 hasta diciembre de 2022, conformado por 18 madres. Los resultados indican que el personal médico debe considerar diferentes nociones de “riesgo” al interactuar con los pacientes, especialmente aquellos que dudan en vacunarse.
Blockchain Technology and the Future of Accounting
Authors: Chowdhury Emon Kalyan
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to investigate the implications of blockchain technology in improving the quality of financial information. To achieve this objective, the author has studied several published journals, newspaper articles, book series, and case studies. It is observed that blockchain technology can create a platform for organizations to disclose their information voluntarily in the short run while it decreases errors in financial disclosure, enhances the quality of accounting information and reduces information redundancy in the long run. A harmonized movement of accountants, auditors, regulatory authorities, and other relevant parties can extract the optimum benefits of blockchain technology in the accounting ecosystem. The findings of this study will encourage top management and policymakers to adopt blockchain in their business to increase the quality of data and the acceptability of the reports. This study indicates necessary ways outs to improve the quality of accounting information by applying blockchain technology. It further identifies potential threats in implementing blockchain technology and recommends appropriate remedies.
Implications of Priority Sector Lending on Capital Adequacy Ratio: An Evaluative Study on Non- Performing Assets
Authors: . Sandesh , Reddy G. Sudarsana
Published: March 2024

The survival and growth of banking industry is depends upon the credit creation ability and debt recovering capacity. In Indian context the banking institutions are struggling from growing outstanding debts termed as Non-Performing Assets (NPA). To avoid this and generate attractive revenue earlier banks were offering loans to creditworthy individual and large established business by ignoring those sectors whose development is much needed to develop the country and social welfare. The norms of priority sector lending introduced by the government mandate the banks to provide loans to priority sector. The particular research aims to evaluate the impact of total NPA in general and NPA of priority sectors in particular on the capital adequacy by examining the share of priority sectors NPA in total NPA. The study concluded that Indian banks are fundamentally strong with significantly higher capital adequacy ratio while comparing to Basel III standards. So that the banks can extend liberalized advances to priority sectors.
Impact of Excessive Workload on the Work-Life Balance of Police Personnel in Karnataka
Authors: Dhanush M. R. , Shobha C.
Published: March 2024

Policing is a stressful job wherein, the workforce, performing duties in such stressful environments will be exposed to traumatic events and chronic stress in their line of duty. Irrespective of designations, policemen experience a lot of physical and mental health issues, addictions, extreme stress and pressure, excessive workload, and life-threatening situations. Several studies state that the work culture and constant stressful environment faced by the policemen make them victims to smoking and alcohol addictions. Despite the power and possession, policing is content of all such negative elements and yet there is still no permanent cure for the issues. Theories of Management suggest that there is always a solution for every problem in hand. The researchers, in this study emphasize on the inculcation of managerial aspects in the Police work culture. This study is focusing on the assessment of influence of excessive workload on the work-life balance practices of Karnataka State Police (KSP). The current study also emphasizes the positive outcomes of an effective managerial education in maintaining a healthy work-life balance among the Police Professionals. The researchers have attempted to enlighten the importance of efficient human resource management practices to safeguard the personal and professional aspects of Police personnel. The findings of the study showcase the numerous advantages of efficient managerial training and education in handling excessive workload and efficient balancing skills to enhance healthy work-life balance practices among the Police personnel in Karnataka.
The Talent Management Handbook
Authors: Harsha Hema
Published: March 2024

No Abstract
Comparison of Geographically Weighted Artificial Neural Network and Geographically Weighted Generalized Poisson Regression on Crime Cases in East Java Indonesia
Authors: Nur Fajarini Dewi Sinta , Dewi Yuliani Setia , Fatekurohman Mohamat
Published: March 2024

Crime is behavior that violates laws and social norms. One area of Indonesia with a relatively high number of crimes is East Java. Data on the number of crimes in East Java in 2020 showed overdispersion and multicollinearity. This study aims to model the number of crimes reported in East Java by considering the spatial effects in the data. The methods used to analyze the data are GPR, GWANN and GWGPR. Moreover, we also determine the results of comparing the three methods using R2 and RMSE. The study results show that GWANN provides better results to model the number of reported crimes compared to GWGPR and GPR. The results show that the GWANN model results in eight groups using the three highest value of the variable importance.
Rhodamine B Hazardous Dye Removal via Adsorption Using Hg(II) Coordination Polymer
Authors: Pendar Afranur , Davarcı Derya
Published: March 2024

Herein, we have reported the Hg(II) coordination polymer ,(Hg-CP), formulated {[Hg(L)](Cl2)](CH3CN)2}n, behaved as adsorbent against Rhodamine B dye stuff. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy was used to conduct dye adsorption investigations on coordination polymers. Adsorption experiments were carried out in acidic (pH=3) and neutral (pH=6) media and the results showed that the compound removed the cationic Rhodamine B from water. In acidic media, the adsorption capacity of the Hg-CP was more than neutral media. Also, Hg-CP could selectively adsorb Rhodamine B dye from the Rhodamine B/Methyl orange dye mixture. The colour of the Hg-CP was white before adsorption, whereas it changed after adsorption as Rhodamine B adhered to the surface of Hg-CP.