bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relaxation of a single defect spin by the low-frequency gyrotropic mode of a magnetic vortex
Authors: Trimble J. , Gould B. , Heremans F. J. , Zhang S. S.-L. , Awschalom D. D. , Berezovsky J.
Published: August 2021

We excite the gyrotropic mode of a magnetic vortex and observe the resulting effect on the spin state of a nearby nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond. Thin permalloy disks fabricated on a diamond sample are magnetized in a vortex state in which the magnetization curls around a central core. The magnetization dynamics of this configuration are described by a discrete spectrum of confined magnon modes as well as a low-frequency gyrotropic mode in which the vortex core precesses about its equilibrium position. Despite the spin transition frequencies being far-detuned from the modes of the ferromagnet, we observe enhanced relaxation of the NV spin when driving the gyrotropic mode. Moreover, we map the spatial dependence of the interaction between the vortex and the spin by translating the vortex core within the disk with an applied magnetic field, resulting in steplike motion as the vortex is pinned and de-pinned. Strong spin relaxation is observed when the vortex core is within approximately 250 nm of the NV center defect. We attribute this effect to the higher frequencies in the spectrum of the magnetic fringe field arising from the soliton-like nature of the gyrotropic mode when driven with sufficiently large amplitude.
Study of the molecular orientation of steroidal side chains at polyimide surfaces using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy
Authors: Nguyen Trinh Thi , Khuat Hien Thi Thu , Asakura Shinya , Mizutani Goro , Murakami Yoshitaka , Okada Takashi
Published: August 2021

The molecular orientation of steroidal side chains at rubbed polyimide (PI) surfaces is studied by sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy. The main objective is to find a correlation between the molecular structure of the PI film and the liquid crystal alignment on the polymer. Analysis of the SFG spectra shows that rubbing of the polymer film appears to cause conformational changes in the methyl group of the polymer side chain near the steroidal structure. However, rubbing does not significantly influence the orientation of the isopropyl group at the end of the polymer side chain. This shows that the liquid crystal alignment is not correlated with the orientation of the isopropyl group.
Dynamic thermal behavior of polycrystalline LaB6 hollow cathodes
Authors: Guerrero Vela Pedro Pablo , Polk James E. , Richter Matthias H. , Lopez Ortega Alejandro
Published: August 2021

Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) hollow cathodes have demonstrated a capability for long life operation, which is critical to many space exploration missions. Thermal characterization of LaB6 hollow cathodes has revealed lower than expected electron emitter temperatures when the cathode reaches a steady state. This phenomenon is observed at discharge currents ranging from 5 to 35 A and xenon mass flow rates of 5–25 SCCM in cathodes with three different orifice diameters. Thus, the currently accepted value of the work function for polycrystalline LaB6, 2.67 eV, does not describe well the emission characteristics of LaB6 hollow cathodes operating with internal gas discharges at a steady state. We use empirically measured temperatures combined with a model of the hollow cathode emitter and xenon discharge to estimate the value of the work function, yielding a value ranging from 2.1 to 2.44 eV. This lower work function value implies that LaB6 hollow cathodes are expected to have even longer lifetimes than previously anticipated, further establishing them as a more suited alternative to other conventional cathode technologies for the task of long duration travel. Direct measurements of the work function as a function of depth on a hollow cathode emitter using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ion beam milling indicate that the work function decreases with depth. We postulate several mechanisms that could explain the observed work function enhancement. Altogether, our results have important implications to the design, study approach, and operation of LaB6 cathodes and potentially other cathodes with hollow configuration. Finally, our work opens the question of why the work function is reduced upon interaction with Xe plasma.
Enhancement of edge turbulence concomitant with ELM suppression during boron powder injection in EAST
Authors: Sun Z. , Maingi R. , Diallo A. , Xu W. , Qian Y. Z. , Tritz K. , Ye Y. , Li C. L. , Xu Z. , Wang Y. F. , Ye K. X. , Bortolon A. , Nagy A. , Zhang L. , Duan Y. M. , Lu Z. Y. , Wang H. Q. , Shi T. H. , Zhao H. L. , Gao W. , Xu J. C. , Chen R. , Huang M. , Zuo G. Z. , Xu G. S. , Gong X. Z. , Hu J. S. ,   EAST Team
Published: August 2021

A reproducible, quasi-stationary edge localized mode (ELM)-suppressed scenario was obtained over a wide range of plasma parameters by continuous injection of boron (B) powder into an upper-single null discharge in the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak [Sun et al., Nucl. Fusion 61, 014002 (2021)]. This powder-induced ELM-absent regime is associated with an edge harmonic mode (EHM) that provides continuous particle exhaust to maintain constant density without confinement degradation and impurity accumulation, the latter of which is often observed in ELM-free regimes. A flow rate threshold of B powder injection, leading to a threshold intensity of the EHM, is necessary for full ELM suppression. The fundamental harmonic of the EHM exhibits a toroidal mode number n = 1. The mode is observable in the entire poloidal cross section with a peak near the upper X-point in an upper-single null configuration. The EHM spans radially across the pedestal and scrape-off layer, peaking inside the separatrix. The EHM appears to be insensitive to q95, heating power, plasma toroidal rotation, and pedestal collisionality.
Modeling current–voltage characteristics of DC reactive magnetron discharges and its application to superconducting NbTiN film deposition
Authors: Shan Wenlei , Ezaki Shohei
Published: August 2021

A numerical model for simulating current–voltage characteristics (IVCs) of reactive magnetron discharges is developed. The model is built on the basis of equilibrium equations describing the steady state of reactive magnetron sputtering processes. This modeling technique allows an analytical expression of IVCs with a pair of parametric equations, which are computationally convenient. This approach is self-contained because some critical parameters that are not available from direct measurement can be determined by model fitting of measured IVCs. By using this IVC model, the dependence of various physical quantities on the discharge current and voltage can be systematically investigated. In addition, the conditions leading to hysteresis in IVCs are analyzed and clarified with this model. This modeling method is applied to a realistic case of superconducting NbTiN film deposition, and the simulation results suggest helpful guidance to the optimization of the plasma process for desired film quality and provide insight into the experimental phenomena.
Efficient spin-wave transmission in epitaxial thin films of defect spinel γ-Fe2−xAlxO3
Authors: Tang Siyi , Sarker Md Shamim , Ma Kaijie , Yamahara Hiroyasu , Tabata Hitoshi , Seki Munetoshi
Published: August 2021

The realization of ultra-low energy consumption spin wave device applications requires a material that can efficiently propagate the spin waves. Spinel-type ferrite is a promising insulator from the perspective of application in magnonic devices owing to its good crystal compatibility. In this study, thin films of spinel γ-Fe2−xAlxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤0.5) are fabricated on single-crystal MgO substrates through pulsed laser deposition. High crystalline quality and room temperature ferrimagnetism are observed in all the films. Spin wave propagation is observed in γ-Fe2−xAlxO3 films, and it is found that the spin-wave transmission properties significantly correlate with the crystallinity and magnetization of the films. The γ-Fe1.85Al0.15O3 thin film represents an excellent compromise between a sufficiently high spin-wave amplitude and long propagation distance. These results indicate that the γ-Fe2−xAlxO3 thin film is a highly promising candidate for application in spin-wave-based computing devices in the future.
Kinetic pathways of water exchange in the first hydration shell of magnesium: Influence of water model and ionic force field
Authors: Falkner Sebastian , Schwierz Nadine
Published: August 2021

Water exchange between the first and second hydration shell is essential for the role of Mg2+ in biochemical processes. In order to provide microscopic insights into the exchange mechanism, we resolve the exchange pathways by all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and transition path sampling. Since the exchange kinetics relies on the choice of the water model and the ionic force field, we systematically investigate the influence of seven different polarizable and non-polarizable water and three different Mg2+ models. In all cases, water exchange can occur either via an indirect or direct mechanism (exchanging molecules occupy different/same position on the water octahedron). In addition, the results reveal a crossover from an interchange dissociative (Id) to an associative (Ia) reaction mechanism dependent on the range of the Mg2+–water interaction potential of the respective force field. Standard non-polarizable force fields follow the Id mechanism in agreement with experimental results. By contrast, polarizable and long-ranged non-polarizable force fields follow the Ia mechanism. Our results provide a comprehensive view on the influence of the water model and the ionic force field on the exchange dynamics and the foundation to assess the choice of the force field in biomolecular simulations.
3D pomegranate-like structured Si@void@Ni@C microspheres as high-performance anode in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhao Hang , He Peijie , Liu Yan-Gai , Zhu Bing , Zhang Xi , Mi Ruiyu
Published: August 2021

Due to its high theoretical capacity (4200 mAh g−1), appropriate charging potential (∼0.5 V vs Li+/Li), and abundant raw material sources, silicon anode material is considered to be an ideal anode material for lithium-ion batteries. However, its low intrinsic conductivity and huge volume expansion (∼300%) during the lithiation process seriously reduce the cycle life of the battery, causing the battery's capacity to rapidly decay. In this work, 3D pomegranate-like structured Si@void@Ni@C microspheres are designed and synthesized through hydrothermal and carbonization methods. In this unique structure, the supporting layers, including carbon and nickel layers, can not only improve conductivity but also offer sufficient space to alleviate the volume expansion of silicon particles during the lithium insertion/extraction process. Combined with the above advantages, the 3D pomegranate-like structured Si@void@Ni@C microspheres anode shows excellent electrochemical performance, such as high first discharge capacity (1697 mAh g−1), fine cycle stability (0.23% capacity attenuation rate for each cycle), and excellent rate performance (97.7% capacity recovery rate).
Differential gain and gain compression of an overdamped interband cascade laser
Authors: Fan Zhuo-Fei , Deng Yu , Ning Chao , Liu Shu-Man , Wang Cheng
Published: August 2021

This work investigates the differential gain and gain compression factor of an interband cascade laser (ICL), through the analysis of the small-signal modulation response. The differential gain of the ICL is extracted to be 7.9 × 10−16 cm2, which is comparable to that of typical quantum well lasers. On the other hand, the gain compression factor is determined to be 5.1 × 10−15 cm3, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the latter. In addition, we demonstrate that the ICL is overdamped due to the strong gain compression effect. It is found that the K factor governed by the damping factor and the resonance frequency is as high as 31.4 ns.
Innovation for measuring the distribution function with nonextensive single electric probe
Authors: Xiao Donghua , Peng Xingkun , Yuan Youlong , Cai Qilong , Qiu Huibin , Hu Tianyi , Zhang Honghui , Wu Shengfa , Li Xiaobin , Chang Jinming , Zhu Yuqing , Huang Likang , Wu Junjie , Zhang Xianyang , Wang Zhangtian , Li Jiaheng , Liu Sanqiu
Published: August 2021

In the field of plasma diagnosis, the measurement of the distribution function is significant because the distribution function is the basis for the use of plasma kinetic theory and it is the prerequisite for analyzing many physical phenomena, such as Landau damping (wave-particle resonance phenomenon) and ion sheath. Theoretical analysis and a large number of experiments have proved that plasma components do not obey Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics and can be well described by nonextensive statistical mechanics. The field of nonextensive electric probe has also made great progress, and the invention of the nonextensive single electric probes has developed and strengthened the power of plasma diagnostics. The nonextensive electric probe can not only measure the electron nonextensive parameter of plasma that cannot be measured by traditional probes but can also measure more accurate plasma parameters that can also be measured by traditional probes, such as Te, Φp, ne, Φf, and αqFe. However, diagnosing the plasma distribution function by the nonextensive electric probe has not been thoroughly and systematically analyzed and discussed. Here, we show the measurement of the plasma distribution function with a nonextensive single electric probe. This work expands the diagnostic capabilities of the nonextensive single electric probe. We utilize the nonextensive single electric probe theory to analyze the experimental data points of the I–V curve, measure the plasma electron distribution function fvx, and display the distribution curve (figure f-vx), and we also measure the plasma parameters of qFe, Te, Φp, ne, Φf, αqFe, etc. The proposed method provides a new approach to the diagnosis of the plasma distribution function and contributes to a more accurate and comprehensive grasp of plasma, which creates better conditions for us to take advantage of plasma. These initial results illustrate the potential of the nonextensive electric probe in the field of plasma diagnosis and, more generally, in accelerating the progress of fusion-energy science and helping to understand complex physical systems.
TRIM47 activates NF-κB signaling via PKC-ε/PKD3 stabilization and contributes to endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Azuma Kotaro , Ikeda Kazuhiro , Suzuki Takashi , Aogi Kenjiro , Horie-Inoue Kuniko , Inoue Satoshi
Published: August 2021

Significance

Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major obstacle to managing breast cancer. Here, we introduce that tripartite motif protein TRIM47 enhances endocrine therapy resistance and facilitates breast cancer tumorigenesis. We showed that TRIM47 immunoreactivity scores in breast cancer specimens were positively associated with shorter disease-free survival of the patients with postoperative endocrine therapy. Overexpression of TRIM47 in breast cancer cells activated NF-κB signaling, which is partly due to the stabilization of PKC-ε and PKD3 by interacting with TRIM47. As an underlying mechanism, we demonstrated TRIM47-dependent modification of PKC-ε by atypical lysine 27–linked polyubiquitination. Our study implies that TRIM47 and its associated kinases can be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for patients with breast cancer refractory to endocrine therapy.
An in vitro vesicle formation assay reveals cargo clients and factors that mediate vesicular trafficking
Authors: Huang Yan , Yin Haidi , Li Baiying , Wu Qian , Liu Yang , Poljak Kristina , Maldutyte Julija , Tang Xiao , Wang Mo , Wu Zhixiao , Miller Elizabeth A. , Jiang Liwen , Yao Zhong-Ping , Guo Yusong
Published: August 2021

Significance

Protein sorting in the secretory pathway is a fundamentally important cellular process, but the clients of a specific cargo sorting machinery remains largely underinvestigated. Here, utilizing a vesicle formation assay to profile proteins associated with vesicles, we identified cytosolic proteins that are associated with vesicle membranes in a GTP-dependent manner or that interact with GTP-bound Sar1A. We found that two of them, FAM84B and PRRC1, regulate anterograde trafficking. Moreover, we revealed specific clients of two export adaptors, SURF4 and ERGIC53. These analyses demonstrate that our approach is powerful to identify factors that regulate vesicular trafficking and to uncover clients of specific cargo receptors, providing a robust method to reveal insights into the secretory pathway.
Low-temperature emergent neuromorphic networks with correlated oxide devices
Authors: Goteti Uday S. , Zaluzhnyy Ivan A. , Ramanathan Shriram , Dynes Robert C. , Frano Alex
Published: August 2021

Significance

Designing neuromorphic hardware for cryoelectronics is an important area of research as the field of computing paradigms beyond complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) progresses. Superconductivity and metal−insulator transitions are two of the most celebrated emergent, collective properties found in quantum materials such as strongly correlated oxides. Here, we present simulations of artificial neural networks that can be designed by combining superconducting devices (e.g. Josephson junctions) with Mott metal−insulator transition−based tunable resistor devices. Our simulations show that 1) neurons and synapses can be seamlessly created, 2) their functions can be tuned via learning, and 3) controlling disorder by incorporating light ions enables exponential multiplicity of states. The results open up directions for incorporating emergent behavior seen in condensed matter into hardware design for artificial intelligence.
It is not enough to be a member: conditions for health benefits in associative participation (Ser miembro no es suficiente: condiciones en las que la participación asociativa reporta beneficios para la salud)
Authors: Lima Maria-Luísa , Camilo Cristina , Quintal Fátima , Palacin-Lois Maria
Published: August 2021

Involvement in social and community activities has been identified as a key factor in health and well-being. This paper focuses on the health and well-being benefits of a particular type of group involvement: associative participation. The main aim is to identify the type of participation that brings more benefits to the members. Based on previous research, we expect that health and well-being would be higher when there is engagement with the association, when group involvement is more intense and when the type of group involvement is deeper (voluntary work or associative leadership). An 848-individuals sample, recruited from Portugal, Spain and Brazil, responded to an online survey disseminated mainly through associations. Findings show that participation in the associative movement is positively associated with the mental health, physical health and well-being of the associates, but that this effect is only evident for more involved types of participation. Our results suggest that the quality of involvement is associated with a positive outcome: participating in the activities, doing voluntary work or serving as an associative leader.
Chinese folk music and its effect on human mathematical thinking skills
Authors: Wang Qian , Luo Junyi
Published: August 2021

This work aimed to study the short- and long-term effects of listening to Chinese folk music on mathematical thinking skills. The central research methodology was based on an independent assessment of respondents’ success in mathematics with reference to the amount of overall time spent listening to Chinese folk music. The results obtained for the experimental group reported a positive correlation between individuals’ mathematical skills and Chinese folk music listening duration, while the control group outcomes turned out to be practically time-independent. The s2 vale for the Student's t-test, used for the hypothesis testing, for each of the intervals of the mathematical tests ranges from 0.015 to 0.06 for the experimental group and from 0.01 to 0.19 for the control group. An alternative hypothesis about a direct correlation between passive listening to Chinese traditional music and mathematical thinking skills was confirmed using the independent two-sample Student's t-test.
Connected skiing: Validation of edge angle and radial force estimation as motion quality parameters during alpine skiing
Authors: Snyder Cory , Martinez Aaron , Strutzenberger Gerda , Stöggl Thomas
Published: August 2021

Recent studies have developed wearable sensor systems to detect, classify and evaluate performance during alpine skiing. In order to enrich skiing data to provide motion quality feedback, edge angle (EA) and radial force (Fr) are parameters of interest. However, the estimation of these parameters via calibration‐free wearable technologies has not been validated. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a wearable method to estimate EA and Fr. Participants completed simulated skiing trials on an indoor skiing carpet. Two IMU's mounted to the ski boots estimated EA and Fr and compared to reference values measured with a 3D motion capture system. The performance of the wearable system was quantified by accuracy and precision. The overall accuracy and precision of the wearable system was 97.6 ± 12.4% and 15.5 ± 17.6% for EA, and 105.5 ± 5.7% and 29.8 ± 10.0%, respectively for Fr. The developed wearable system was accurate for the estimation of EA and Fr, but was highly variable with low precision for both metrics. Further research is needed to improve the precision of field‐relevant skiing metrics during in‐field studies using simple measurement setups that can easily be implemented by recreational and expert skiers alike.

Highlights

IMU's mounted on the boots are sufficient tools for accurate estimation of edge angle and radial force during both long and short style turns on a skiing simulator.

As the estimation of edge angle and radial force are dependent on other estimated parameters (i.e. turn switch), the precision of these metrics is relatively low.

The results of the current study apply only to simulated alpine skiing on a treadmill, and further work is required to prove the accuracy and precision of this system on snow.
Measurement of the 91Zr(p,γ)92m
Nb cross section motivated by type Ia supernova nucleosynthesis
Authors: Gyürky Gy , Halász Z , Kiss G G , Szücs T , Huszánk R , Török Zs , Fülöp Zs , Rauscher T , Travaglio C
Published: August 2021

The synthesis of heavy, proton rich isotopes is a poorly understood astrophysical process. Thermonuclear (type Ia) supernova explosions are among the suggested sites and the abundance of some isotopes present in the early Solar System may be used to test the models. 92Nb is such an isotope and one of the reactions playing a role in its synthesis is 91Zr(p,γ)92Nb. As no experimental cross sections were available for this reaction so far, nucleosynthesis models had to solely rely on theoretical calculations. In the present work the cross section of 91Zr(p,γ)92m
Nb has been measured at astrophysical energies by activation. The results excellently confirm the predictions of cross sections and reaction rates for 91Zr(p,γ)92Nb, as used in astrophysical simulations.
Quantum oscillations in an optically-illuminated two-dimensional electron system at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
Authors: Leermakers I , Rubi K , Yang M , Kerdi B , Goiran M , Escoffier W , Rana A S , Smink A E M , Brinkman A , Hilgenkamp H , Maan J C , Zeitler U
Published: August 2021

We have investigated the illumination effect on the magnetotransport properties of a two-dimensional electron system at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. The illumination significantly reduces the zero-field sheet resistance, eliminates the Kondo effect at low-temperature, and switches the negative magnetoresistance into the positive one. A large increase in the density of high-mobility carriers after illumination leads to quantum oscillations in the magnetoresistance originating from the Landau quantization. The carrier density (∼2 × 1012 cm−2) and effective mass (∼1.7m
e) estimated from the oscillations suggest that the high-mobility electrons occupy the d

xz/yz
subbands of Ti:t2g
orbital extending deep within the conducting sheet of SrTiO3. Our results demonstrate that the illumination which induces additional carriers at the interface can pave the way to control the Kondo-like scattering and study the quantum transport in the complex oxide heterostructures.
Recent advances in medical countermeasure development against acute radiation exposure based on the US FDA animal rule
Authors: MacVittie Thomas J , Farese Ann M
Published: August 2021

Recent advances in medical countermeasures (MCMs) has been dependent on the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) animal rule (AR) and the final guidance document provided for industry on product development. The criteria outlined therein establish the path for approval under the AR. The guidance document, along with the funding and requirements from the federal agencies provided the basic considerations for animal model development in assessing radiation effects and efficacy against the potential lethal effects of acute radiation injury and the delayed effects of acute exposure. Animal models, essential for determining MCM efficacy, were developed and validated to assess organ-specific, potentially lethal, radiation effects against the gastrointestinal (GI) and hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), and radiation-induced delayed effects to lung and associated comorbidities of prolonged immune suppression, GI, kidney and heart injury. Partial-body irradiation models where marginal bone marrow was spared resulted in the ability to evaluate the concomitant evolution of multiple organ injury in the acute and delayed effects in survivors of acute radiation exposure. There are no MCMs for prophylaxis against the major sequelae of the ARS or the delayed effects of acute exposure. Also lacking are MCMs that will mitigate the GI ARS consequent to potentially lethal exposure from a terrorist event or major radiation accident. Additionally, the gap in countermeasures for prophylaxis may extend to mixed neutron/gamma radiation if current modelling predicts prompt exposure from an improvised nuclear device. However, progress in the field of MCM development has been made due to federal and corporate funding, clarification of the critical criteria for efficacy within the FDA AR and the concomitant development and validation of additional animal models. These models provided for a strategic and tactical approach to determine radiation effects and MCM efficacy.
The SVD beamformer with diverging waves: a proof-of-concept for fast aberration correction
Authors: Bendjador Hanna , Décombas-Deschamps Sofiane , Dioguardi Burgio Marco , Sartoris Riccardo , Van Beers Bernard , Vilgrain Valérie , Deffieux Thomas , Tanter Mickaël
Published: August 2021

The rise of ultrafast ultrasound imaging—with plane or diverging waves - paved the way to new applications of ultrasound in biomedical applications. However, propagation through complex layers (typically fat, muscle, and bone) hinder considerably the image quality, especially because of sound speed heterogeneities. In difficult-to-image patients, in the case of the hepatic steatosis for instance, a good image and a reliable sound speed quantification are crucial to provide a powerful non-invasive diagnosis tool. In this work, we proposed to adapt the singular value decomposition (SVD) beamformer method for diverging waves and thus present a novel aberration correction approach for widely used curved arrays. We probed its efficiency experimentally both in vitro and in vivo. Besides the proposed matrix formalism, we explored the physical meaning of the SVD of ultrafast data. Finally, we demonstrated the ability of the technique to improve the image quality and offer new perspectives particularly in quantitative liver imaging.
A roadmap for sole Cherenkov radiators with SiPMs in TOF-PET
Authors: Kratochwil Nicolaus , Gundacker Stefan , Auffray Etiennette
Published: August 2021

Time of flight positron emission tomography can strongly benefit from a very accurate time estimator given by Cherenkov radiation, which is produced upon a 511 keV positron–electron annihilation gamma interaction in heavy inorganic scintillators. While time resolution in the order of 30 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) has been reported using MCP-PMTs and black painted Cherenkov radiators, such solutions have several disadvantages, like high cost and low detection efficiency of nowadays available MCP-PMTs. On the other hand, silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are not limited by those obstacles and provide high photon detection efficiency with a decent time response. Timing performance of PbF2 crystals of various lengths and surface conditions coupled to SiPMs was evaluated against a reference detector with an optimized test setup using high-frequency readout and novel time walk correction, with special attention on the intrinsic limits for one detected Cherenkov photon only. The average number of detected Cherenkov photons largely depends on the crystal surface state, resulting in a tradeoff between low photon time spread, thus good timing performance, and sensitivity. An intrinsic Cherenkov photon yield of 16.5 ± 3.3 was calculated for 2 × 2 × 3 mm3 sized PbF2 crystals upon 511 keV γ-deposition. After time walk correction based on the slew rate of the signal, assuming two identical detector arms in coincidence, and using all events, a time resolution of 215 ps FWHM (142 ps FWHM) was obtained for 2 × 2 × 20 mm3 (2 × 2 × 3 mm3) sized PbF2 crystals, compared to 261 ps (190 ps) without correction. Selecting on one detected photon only, a single photon coincidence time resolution of 113 ps FWHM for black painted and 166 ps for Teflon wrapped crystals was measured for 3 mm length, compared to 145 ps (black) and 263 ps (Teflon) for 20 mm length.
Adaptive multilayer networks resolve the cooperation dilemma induced by breaking the symmetry between interaction and learning
Authors: Chen Wei , Wu Te
Published: August 2021

We study the coupled dynamics between strategy updating and partner switching on adaptive multilayer networks whose structure is split into an interaction layer for accumulating payoff and a learning layer for updating strategy. Two different types of adaptive multilayer network dynamics are modeled to study the evolution of cooperation. First, the selected individual either varies his strategy updating environment or switches his interaction partners during the partner switching process. It is proved that an increasing ratio of interaction network reconfiguration facilitates the coevolution of cooperation, indicating that interaction network acts a profound role in promoting the coevolution cooperation. Furthermore, we consider a type that the selected player simultaneously updates his strategy updating network and interaction network during the rewiring process. For a low frequent partner switching process, it is found that the evolution of cooperation is hindered whenever the two layers do not coincide. However, when the frequency of partner switching process increases, breaking the symmetry between interaction network and learning network resolves the social dilemma and enhances the evolution of cooperation. Moreover, a comparison between two adaptive multilayer network dynamics shows that the former type that only permits one layer to evolve every step on the adaptive multilayer networks suppresses the evolution of cooperation.
Investigation of functional brain network reconfiguration during exposure to naturalistic stimuli using graph-theoretical analysis
Authors: Zhang Gaoyan , Liu Xin
Published: August 2021

Objective. One of the most significant features of the human brain is that it can dynamically reconfigure itself to adapt to a changing environment. However, dynamic interaction characteristics of the brain networks in naturalistic scenes remain unclear. Approach. We used open-source functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 15 participants who underwent fMRI scans while watching an audio–visual movie ‘Forrest Gump’. The community detection algorithm based on inter-subject functional correlation was used to study the time-varying functional networks only induced by the movie stimuli. The whole brain reconfiguration patterns were quantified by the temporal co-occurrence matrix that describes the probability of two brain regions engage in the same community (or putative functional module) across time and the time-varying brain modularity. Four graph metrics of integration, recruitment, spatio-temporal diversity and within-community normalised centrality were further calculated to summarise the brain network dynamic roles and hub features in their spatio-temporal topology. Main results. Our results suggest that the networks that were involved in attention and audio–visual information processing, such as the visual network, auditory network, and dorsal attention network, were considered to play a role of ‘stable loners’. By contrast, ‘unstable loner’ networks such as the default mode network (DMN) and fronto-parietal network tended to interact more flexibly with the other networks. In addition, global brain network showed significant fluctuations in modularity. The ‘stable loner’ networks always maintained high functional connectivity (FC) strength while ‘unstable loner’ networks, especially the DMN, exhibited high intra- and inter-network FC only during a low modularity period. Finally, changes in brain modularity were significantly associated with variations in emotions induced by the movie. Significance. Our findings provide new insight for understanding the dynamic interaction characteristics of functional brain networks during naturalistic stimuli.
Role of pre-ionization in NBI plasma start-up of Heliotron J using non-resonant microwave heating
Authors: Kobayashi S. , Nagasaki K. , Hada K. , Stange T. , Okada H. , Minami T. , Kado S. , Ohshima S. , Tokuhara K. , Nakamura Y. , Ishizawa A. , Suzuki Y. , Osakabe M. , Murase T. , Konoshima S. , Mizuuchi T.
Published: August 2021

Here, we report on role of pre-ionization using non-resonant 2.45 GHz microwave heating (P
2.45 GHz < 20 kW) in plasma start-up of neutral beam injection (NBI) for heliotron configurations in low beam power (P
NB) under non-resonant heating condition. A rapid electron heating towards burn-through of the low-Z impurities was observed experimentally in the early phase of beam injection when the seed plasma density produced by the non-resonant heating was enough for the plasma start-up. Beam heating time to the burn-through increased with decreasing the seed plasma density and a critical density condition of the seed plasma for successful start-up was observed experimentally. Proper timing of the gas fuelling is critical for plasma expansion because the beam fuelling is not significant. A 0-dimensional (0D) model analysis of the NBI start-up developed in this study well reproduces the experimental results. The 0D model clarifies the physical mechanism of the NBI start-up using pre-ionization described as follows: (1) the seed plasma produces sufficient beam ions immediately after beam injection, (2) the beam ions heat up electrons that promote the ionization/dissociation of the background neutrals, (3) this process acts as a positive feedback loop resulting in further electron heating towards burn-through. The 0D model analysis shows that the critical density corresponds to the state at which the electron heating by the beam ions is equal to electron power loss due to conduction and ionization/dissociation.
Retraction: Mutational analysis of the phosphorylation sites of the Leishmania mexicana kinesin homologue LmxKin29 (J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.
1664 012067)
Authors: Gazi Al Kui Suad
Published: August 2021

This article has been retracted by IOP Publishing at the request of the authors, for the following reasons:

•Some of the DNA constructs (plasmids) were created by people not listed as co-authors, nor acknowledged as contributors. Permission was not sought by the author to publish work relating to these plasmids.

•Figure 1c was reproduced by the author without them getting permission from the owner.

•Figure 4b was used by the author without them getting permission from the creator.

•Errors in calculations in figures 3d, 3e and 3f, which display the wrong values and are labelled incorrectly. A corrected figure is shown below.

IOP Publishing also confirms the removal of co-author Martin Wiese, who did not agree to this publication.

Retraction published: 25 August 2021
Research on the Application of Language Transfer Theory BasedonComputerAided TranslationSoftware inRussian Teaching
Authors: Xu Yumin , Zhang Shuang
Published: August 2021

At present, the function of Computer-Aided Translation (CAT) is mainly aimed at the level of translation skills and translation effect, and its application in language teaching is still lack of in-depth discussion, especially the establishment of translation corpus and the research of computer translation laboratory in language theory and practice teaching. Based on this, this paper first analyses the development and utilization of language transfer theory, then studies the utilization of computer-aided translation software in Russian teaching, and finally gives the utilization strategy of language transfer theory based on computer-aided translation software in Russian teaching.
Research on the Introduction Path of Traditional Minority Sports in Physical Education Teaching Based on Big Data of Internet of Things
Authors: Xiong Yulong
Published: August 2021

Physical education teaching is one of the important contents of teaching activities, which is conducive to promoting students’ overall development and improving students’ comprehensive quality. And traditional minority national sports teaching activities is there are many problems to be solved, this paper aimed at the importance of traditional minority national sports teaching reform and the present problems existing in the traditional minority national sports teaching reform, at the same time using big data means to explore the path, introduced traditional minority national sports, in order to offer reader reference.
Research on Air Conditioning Electrical Energy Saving Control Based on Computer Neural Network
Authors: Li Mingjun , Wu Qing , Chen Deming
Published: August 2021

Air conditioning has become an indispensable electrical equipment in people’s life. However, there are still a considerable number of air conditioning electrical equipment control is still mainly based on conventional control, these control methods have great limitations, which makes its energy saving effect is greatly affected. Based on this, this paper first analyses the energy-saving principle of air-conditioning system, then studies the energy-saving control of air-conditioning system based on neural network, and finally gives the evaluation strategy of air-conditioning electrical energy-saving based on nerve network.
Research on Hybrid Teaching Mode Based on Digital Teaching Resource Computer Platform
Authors: Zheng Yang
Published: August 2021

It is certain that digital teaching is conducive to the improvement of teaching quality. As can be seen from the national efforts to promote educational information, today’s educational information has entered the 2.0 era, and many teachers and students have enjoyed the convenience brought by educational technology. Information-based teaching can be said to be a part of the process of educational information, which is common in real teaching, especially in online education. The application of educational technology in teaching can not only attract students’ attention, activate the atmosphere and inspire students’ thinking, but also promote the development of teachers’ own specialization and improve the teaching quality and efficiency. Educational technology has inserted wings for teaching to take off, and has brought great convenience to both teachers and students. In this context, this paper discusses the hybrid teaching mode based on the digital teaching resources computer platform.
Research on the Application of AI Technology in Computer-Assisted Instruction
Authors: Wang Xi
Published: August 2021

The application of AI tech in the field of auxiliary teaching still has many shortcomings and needs to be improved. We need to combine the relevance between AI and auxiliary system to carry out organic application. Based on this, this paper first studies the utilization status of AI tech in Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI), then analyses the specific utilization of AI tech in CAI, and finally gives the utilization process of AI tech in CAI.
A Study on the User Contact of Audiobooks in the Age of Digital Media Based on Computer Technology——A Case Study of the Popular Chinese Application “Himalaya”
Authors: Chen Gaohuan
Published: August 2021

With the development of computer technology, digital media technology has also developed rapidly, the audiobook industry is going from strength to strength in China. Among these audiobook platforms, Himalayan FM undoubtedly stands out, through which people can acquire supplementary knowledge by making the best of their fragmented time. In the meantime, paying for knowledge as a consumption habit is gradually developed in China. The purpose of this research is to find out the motivation behind and the reflection of people’s learning experience with audiobook. Taking Himalayan FM as case study, this study combines communication with psychology theories by online interview as “Cyber-ethnography”.
Research on School-enterprise Cooperation Training Model of Music Performance Professionals in Colleges and Universities Based on Repertoire Creation and Computer Multimedia Technology
Authors: Chang Wei
Published: August 2021

Along with the development of Internet technology, computer has been deeply into people’s life, the computer is gradually changing people’s way of life to live in along with the development of Internet technology in the field of teaching. The traditional classroom model has been changed. The integration of music performance majors in colleges and universities into the Internet makes professional teaching more convenient and convenient making the spread of music performance more extensive. The life and study of naturalized citizens have been inseparable from the computer multimedia technology, we can see the importance of computers.
Research on the Application of Face Deep Learning Technology in University Management
Authors: Yang Decheng , Sun Xingwei , Qu Fengcheng , Liu Xuelian
Published: August 2021

In the current machine learning methods, deep learning is the focus of attention. Deep learning technology has achieved rapid development in various related fields, especially in the field of face recognition applications. Deep learning is to imitate the mechanism of the human neural perception system by layer-by-layer autonomous learning to obtain high-level abstract features, which can solve the distribution of facial changes, with fast learning speed and high recognition accuracy. This article introduces the advantages and core technologies of face deep learning, and studies and analyzes the application of face deep learning technology in university management.
Research on the Application of Computer-based Visual Big Data in Online Education and Teaching
Authors: Chen Meiqin
Published: August 2021

According to the analysis of big data, With the rise of online education and teaching in domestic universities, students’ learning behavior data has grown exponentially. How to deal with the massive data, explore the deficiencies in the teaching environment, help the teachers optimize the teaching content and teaching process, and gradually become the focus of education researchers. Based on the analysis of the data characteristics of the teaching platform, this paper proposes a series of visual big data methods for teaching scenarios. Through the programming realization of visual big data method, teachers can intuitively present knowledge for students, timely understand the students’ learning status, and carry out targeted classroom teaching and teaching evaluation. Students can form knowledge framework and interconnection system to promote knowledge expression and Internalization, and complete self-assessment and discover their own learning problems; teaching managers can master the teaching effect of teachers and students’ learning, and adjust the goals of teaching management and decision-making. This paper combines the self-developed online education and teaching - Shidayun classroom, to apply the visual big data method to the actual teaching, which has produced good practical effects and effectively promoted the development of wisdom education.
Analysis of Badminton Technical Movement Scoring Rate in International Competitions with the Help of Computer
Authors: Zhou Chunli , Jie Yang
Published: August 2021

The ideas and methods of probability theory are used to establish a badminton scoring rate and technical movement model in international competitions with the help of computer. The differences in scoring rates in international competitions are compared quantitatively. The coping strategies in international competitions are proposed to provide a scientific basis for badminton players in China to adapt to new rules and improve training levels. At the same time, this technical movement model is also applicable to other ball games such as volleyball and table tennis.
Application of Multimedia Technology in Dance Creation
Authors: Lei Wei , Yu Kemeng
Published: August 2021

Art and science and technology combine to create works, art is still its core, technology is a tool to achieve imagination. In the past, many ideas were shelved because of the limitation of technical conditions. Nowadays, the development of various technologies can meet the realization of more ideas. Technology expands the boundary of real space and even creates new spatial dimensions. Art leads technology, technology drives art. The application of multimedia technology makes the creation of dance more possible.
The Initial Rain Water Storage Tank Volume Determination and Pollution Interception Efficiency Based on the Swmm Model and Computer Software Analysis
Authors: Shi Ling , Liu Honghai , Xi Chen , Zhang Zhiwen
Published: August 2021

At present, many cities in China have both severe water shortages and waste of large amounts of rainwater resources during heavy rains caused by urbanization. Turning rainwater resources into cities can reduce urban runoff and reduce peak floods. At the same time, it can increase urban water supply, beautify and clean the urban environment, improve urban microclimate, reduce ground subsidence, control rain and flood processes and reduce urban flood control. Drainage infrastructure investment greatly reduces urban flood disasters, which will bring considerable economic, social and environmental benefits. Therefore, as one of the hot topics in the preparation of special plans for drainage engineering in the new period, urban rainwater should be carried out using the SWMM model and computer software. The plan provides the possibility for further compiling special plans for rainwater utilization and guides the utilization of urban rainwater resources.
Optimization of Multi-Dimensional Association Rule Mining Algorithm Studies the Spatial Form of Cultural Landscape Heritage
Authors: Dong Qingtao
Published: August 2021

The research on the spatial form of cultural landscape heritage is an important link in the protection of cultural landscape heritage. The optimization of the research by using multidimensional association rules algorithm can improve the efficiency of the research on the spatial form of cultural landscape heritage. This paper first explains the development and classification of the concept of cultural landscape and the concept and classification of data mining, and discusses the optimization of multi-dimensional association rule mining algorithm to study the spatial form of cultural landscape heritage, so as to provide readers with reference.