bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proposal of Hybrid Deep Learning Algorithm for In Cabin Monitoring System
Authors: -Jin Jung Woo , -hyuk Choi Won
Published: February 2025

An autonomous vehicle is defined as a vehicle that is capable of navigating and operating independently, without the necessity for input from a driver or passengers. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has established internationally recognised standards for the classification of autonomous driving technology, delineating the various levels of autonomy. The development of Level 4 autonomous vehicles is currently being led by leading technology companies, including Google, Nvidia, and Tesla. For vehicles classified as Level 3 or above, the autonomous system is required to fulfil the role of the driver. This necessitates the development of advanced decision-making algorithms to support high-level autonomy. To create an effective deep learning-based autonomous driving system, it is essential to have a diverse array of scenarios and a large dataset. This study introduces a novel image captioning algorithm that utilises a hybrid CNN-LSTM model to assess passenger conditions within the vehicle and generate corresponding scenarios. Furthermore, the study evaluates the suitability of the produced data for training a monitoring system through simulated environments
Turbojet Engine Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithm
Authors: Park Je-Hong , Choi and Min-Seok Jie Won-Hyuk
Published: February 2025

Recently, as the field of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is rapidly developing, the scope of required missions is expanding and upgrading. As high-level manoeuvres are required according to the performance mission, related research and development are continuously underway. In particular, engine control of UAV requires various maneuver characteristics depending on the mission, and engine controller design to achieve stability and goals is essential. The control system of a small turbojet engine for UAV shall maintain safe and fast transient response characteristics even if the operating state changes within the normal range of the engine and shall be protected from exceeding the allowable operating range of the engine to meet these design requirements. In this paper, we propose an artificial neural network engine control algorithm for the optimal operation of turbojet engines, which are mainly used in small UAV for high-speed and long-distance use. The artificial neural network was learned by applying the backpropagation algorithm, which is a structure of multi-layer perception (MLP) and was designed to reduce errors by measuring the difference between the desired value and the actual value. In order to reflect the nonlinear characteristics of the turbojet engine in the controller design, the dynamic analysis code of the engine was written, and the limitations of linear analysis were verified from the linear model using the code to prove the utility of the design. The simulation was designed through MATLAB and compared the performance with the existing PID controller, and the proposed controller algorithm ensured operation within a safe range, such as compressor surge, combustion stop area, and turbine temperature limitation, and proved its usefulness. The results of this study are expected to be used in large UAVs and UAM fields in the future.
Dietary Challenges and Nutritional Awareness Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: C. Ashinie , R. Ramesh
Published: February 2025

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often experience dietary challenges, including food selectivity and sensory sensitivities, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Parental knowledge and attitudes play a crucial role in shaping children's eating behaviors, yet the extent of their influence remains underexplored.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the dietary habits of children with ASD, evaluate parental nutritional awareness, and examine the association between parental knowledge, attitudes, and feeding challenges.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among parents of children aged 4–14 years with ASD. Participants were recruited from the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS University, and autism support centers. A validated 20-item questionnaire assessed parental knowledge, dietary habits, feeding challenges, and gastrointestinal concerns. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-Square test, multivariate analysis, and regression modeling.
Results: Parental attitudes significantly influenced children's eating behaviors, particularly food refusal and dietary variety. While knowledge alone had a limited impact, meal planning difficulties and dietary challenges strongly correlated with restricted eating patterns. Regression analysis confirmed that parental attitudes and dietary challenges were key predictors of children's food acceptance.
Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of targeted parental education programs to improve meal variety and reduce food refusal in children with ASD. Future research should explore interventions focusing on parental attitudes and strategies to manage dietary challenges effectively.
A Study to Find Out Test-Retest Reliability And Validity of Gujarati Version of Quality of Life, Enjoyment, and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) Among Gujarati Speaking Indian Population
Authors: Tanna Ashika , Shukla Brinda , Adwani Payal , Navani Amit , Chhatlani Rahul , Mehta Jinali , Khant Ankur , Dave Yagnik
Published: February 2025

Background: The Quality-of-Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) is a widely used tool for evaluating life satisfaction across various domains. Its Gujarati version was developed to address the lack of culturally adapted tools for Gujarati-speaking populations.
Method: This cross-sectional study involved the translation and validation of the Q-LES-Q-SF into Gujarati using Beaton's forward-backward translation method. Data from 300 participants aged 16–25 years were analyzed. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest methods, while validity was determined through Pearson’s correlation with the original English version.
Results: The Gujarati Q-LES-Q-SF demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.802) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.85). Concurrent validity showed a strong Pearson’s correlation (0.87, p < 0.001) between the Gujarati and English versions. Descriptive statistics revealed consistent life satisfaction scores with moderate variability.
Conclusion: The Gujarati version of Q-LES-Q-SF is a reliable and valid tool for assessing quality of life and satisfaction among Gujarati-speaking individuals, making it valuable for both clinical and research applications.
Parkinsons Disease Prediction With Spiral Drawings and Wave Frequency Using Deep Conformal Neural Networks
Authors: SasiRekha S. , Shankar R. , Duraisamy S.
Published: February 2025

In this study, present a system that combines two independent data sources wave frequency and spiral drawing picture datasets to improve prediction accuracy for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis. A complete data fusion technique is used to combine information from both modalities, resulting in a more robust dataset. To improve prediction reliability, we present Deep Conformal Neural Networks (DCNN), which not only forecast PD status but also offer confidence ratings for each prediction, resulting in increased transparency and interpretability. The technology uses voice recordings for frequency analysis and picture data from medical scans for visual analysis. The DCNN model successfully processes and classifies different data types by using sophisticated deep learning methods such as convolutional operations, pooling layers, and activation functions. The model's performance is assessed using a variety of measures, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure. The DCNN surpasses standard machine learning models, with 99% accuracy, 98% precision, 99% recall, and 96% F-measure, exhibiting greater diagnostic skills for Parkinson's disease diagnosis. These results emphasize DCNNs' potential for enhancing the reliability of early Parkinson's disease diagnosis, hence facilitating more effective clinical decision-making.
Sinkhole and Black Hole Attack Detection Using Dynamic Reliability Based Anomaly Architecture for Sensor Networks
Authors: Mano Sheebha J. Gnana , Maheswari D.
Published: February 2025

In this paper wireless sensor networks endure disruption of communication functions and attacks on network integrity stemming from sinkhole and black hole threats. Active attack scenarios allow malicious nodes to damage network performance and lose data packet information by directing packets incorrectly and discarding them. Traditional security technology fails to stop attacks because it cannot match the evolving speed of large network spaces. We use a Dynamic Reliability based Anomaly Architecture (DRA) which assesses network node trustworthiness through network behavior analysis and characteristic interaction evaluations. Through constant reliability scoring adjustments the system detects sinkhole effectors and blocks black hole network intrusions. Combination of real-time tracking of node activities with dynamic network situation evaluation forms the basis of this security-enhanced network protection strategy. Latest research proves networks implementing dynamic reliability mechanisms successfully protect against sinkhole and black hole attacks by keeping the proportion of false positives to a minimum thus improving security detection performance. This architecture creates a scalable solution to effectively extend protection throughout wireless sensor networks for multiple future applications. The upgraded system produces higher performance compared to conventional methods through enhanced precision and better adaptability while reducing power consumption.
Fetal ECG Signal Analysis with Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory Networks for Neonatal Applications
Authors: Sharma Yojana , Ray Shashwati , Bhusnur Surekha , Yadav Om Prakash
Published: February 2025

Fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) signals are essential for tracking the health of the fetus's heart because they offer important information about heart rate trends, fluctuations, and possible anomalies that can call for prompt medical attention. Noise and artifacts, on the other hand, present a serious problem since they frequently degrade signal quality and result in inaccurate diagnoses. Reliable fetal monitoring requires precise FECG signal categorization and efficient noise suppression. Throughout pregnancy and labor, continuous FECG analysis along with clinical assessments is essential to guaranteeing the best possible health for both the mother and the fetus. This study employs deep learning techniques to automate the classification of FECG signals as normal or abnormal using a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) classifier. The model processes FECG signals directly, without pre-processing, and achieves robust performance metrics: 91.98% accuracy, 90% precision, 85% recall, 87.5% F1 score, and 97% specificity. These results highlight the classifier's reliability and its potential as a valuable tool for real-time fetal health monitoring in clinical settings.
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase as a Predictor in Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: M. Kathiravan , S. Kavitha
Published: February 2025

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been associated with atherosclerosis-related ACS and coronary artery calcification.
Objectives: The study is to determine the correlation between acute myocardial infarction and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with meticulous care, adhering to a cross-sectional observational design. It involved a comprehensive examination of 50 ACS patients aged 30 to 80, with exclusions made for alcohol users, hepatitis B/C patients, those on hepatotoxic drugs, and other GGT-elevating conditions. This rigorous approach ensures the reliability and validity of our findings.
Results: The mean age was 58.12 years, with a majority being males. The mean GGT level was 73.7 IU/L. Significant associations were found between GGT levels and vessel involvement, plaque size, and ACS types. Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) had higher GGT levels compared to those with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina.
Conclusion: GGT is significantly associated with ACS, particularly in STEMI patients.
Investigating The Factors Behind Women Entrepreneurs’ Unsustainable Progress in Health Care Sector
Authors: Thangarajan Radha , Kumar Selvaveera , N. Raji
Published: February 2025

Achieving sustainable economic growth has been a key goal for developing nations like India since independence. Empowering women, especially in rural areas, is vital for achieving parity with urban regions. Despite various developmental schemes and policies by the Government of India to promote women entrepreneurs, sustainable growth for rural women entrepreneurs remains elusive. This study examines the factors contributing to volatility in their growth, focusing on 180 rural women entrepreneurs registered under Tamil Nadu MSME, selected from Virudhunagar district through stratified random sampling. Data was collected via a questionnaire and personal interviews. Findings reveal that while entrepreneurial engagement among rural women is rising, it does not align with proportional economic growth due to challenges such as resource inaccessibility, demographic constraints, lack of skills, education, and awareness. Beyond policy-making, the government must ensure these initiatives effectively reach rural areas to enable sustainable growth and strengthen the rural economy.
Prevalence of Salivary Gland Tumors and Salivary Gland Diseases in Haryana Population – A clinicopathological study
Authors: Nayak Prachi , Jindal Deepti , Singh Hershita , Gautam Swati , Pal Kaur Satinder , Bhardwaj Arun
Published: February 2025

Salivary gland tumors are rare neoplasms accounting for 3 – 10% of all head and neck tumors. Salivary gland diseases are related to many causes. The most common are sialadenitis, sialolithiasis, cystic lesions and sialadenosis. Data of Salivary gland tumors and diseases diagnosed during 2008 to 2020 were collected from the archival files of the Oral Pathology Department for this research.
We found that malignant tumors were more common than benign tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma and Mucoepidermoid carcinoma were the most common benign and malignant tumors reported in the study. Salivary gland diseases are more common as compared to tumors and mucocele was the most common among the diseases.
Effect of Manipulating the Radiation Treatment Technique On the Radiotherapy Sessions
Authors: A. Abdulwahid Talib , Jafaar AlQurashi Noor Ali , Kareem Alsabari Imad , Abid Ali Mraity Huussein , Abid Abojassim Ali , Saeed jassim Ali
Published: February 2025

The reduction in the number of radiotherapy sessions is a key target in the field of radiotherapy. An essential technique to reach this target is by using nanoparticle substances as absorption factors for the targeted organ in which a given radiation is utilized. Using the nanotechnology approach would improve radiotherapy sessions. Improving the radiotherapy sessions reflects the large number of cancer cell destruction when compared with the destroyed cell number with absence absorption factor. In this work, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were applied as an absorption factor for cancerous adipose tissue together using a beam of highly energetic photons whose energy is up to 2 MeV. The resulting data demonstrated that there is an improvement in the radiotherapy sessions when applying gold nanoparticles as an absorption factor. The finding of this study could indicate a clear reduction in the radiotherapy session figures to approach 5 to 3 weeks, based on the photon's energy, instead of applying the routine radiotherapy sessions number which is known to have up to 7 weeks.
Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Thalassemia Screening Awareness: A Study on Teenagers From Extended Families Affected by Thalassemia
Authors: Fatkhiyah Natiqotul , Kartini Apoina , Nugraheni Achadi , Margawati Ani , Widiasih Ririn
Published: February 2025

Currently, there is no cure for Thalassemia; however, preventing marriages between carriers can help reduce the birth of children with thalassemia major. Early screening for Thalassemia is essential for this preventive measure. This study employs a quantitative analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample comprises 120 teenagers from Tegal City, Central Java, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via a questionnaire assessing knowledge and attitudes towards thalassemia screening and analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods with SPSS software. The results show that 52.7% of participants demonstrated exemplary knowledge about thalassemia, while the majority (80.5%) displayed a positive attitude toward thalassemia screening. Furthermore, 86.4% of respondents expressed their intention to check their carrier status though 58.3% preferred to delay the screening until just before marriage. The study concludes that there is a critical need to enhance awareness about the importance of early thalassemia screening. This can be achieved through targeted education and strategic interventions, aiming to promote early screening and ultimately prevent the birth of children with thalassemia major.
Pharmacological Assessment of Morinda CitrifoliaFruit Extract’s in Anti-Arthritic Properties in Wistar Rats
Authors: Yadav Rajni , Malaiya Saumya , Mishra Shweta , Nisha Parveen , Kumar Jain Aarekh , Chaubey Anshul , Khare Basant
Published: February 2025

Arthritis and related disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are common diseases affecting millions of people. RA is characterized by articular injuries having an inflammatory propagation of synovial cells, attaining a nearly complete functional defect. It affects about 1% of the general population.Morinda citrifolia L(Rubiaceae), commonly called Noni or Indian mulberry, is a small evergreen tree or shrub of Polynesian origin. M. citrifolia bears a lumpy, green to yellowish-white fruit, normally 5 to 10 cm in length, with a surface covered in polygonal-shaped sections,The leaves, roots, bark and fruits have all been used medicinally to treat a wide range of ailments. These include, but are not limited to, diabetes, diarrhoea, hypertension, malaria, pain, and topical infections. The fruits are also eaten as a food, but primarily only in times of famine. The present study was designed to investigate anti-arthritic activity of methanolic fruits extract of M. citrifolia in Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis in rats. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. The In vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of the fruits was assessed against DPPH free radical scavenging assay method using standard protocols. M. citrifolia was evaluated for anti-arthritic action by Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritis test in adult Albino rats (200±20gm). Rats were injected 0.1 ml of complete Freund’s adjuvant into the planter region of the left hind paw. M. citrifolia extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg. b.wt.) was given orally to arthritic rats induced with Complete Freund’s Adjuvant and changes in rat paw volume and body weight was determined. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of M. citrifolia showed the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, phenolics, tannin, triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and glycoside. In the oral acute toxicity studies, M. citrifolia was found to be safe as it did not cause any mortality up to 2000 mg/kg. Hence, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses were selected for the present study.DPPH radical scavenging activity of M. citrifolia extract exhibited percent inhibition 60.15% and its IC 50value was found to be 57.10μg/ml. Ascorbic was used as a reference compound which exhibited percent inhibition 86.36% and showed IC 50 value of 19.36μg/ml. M. citrifolia administered groups showed marked reduction in paw volume when compared with the negative control group (Group II). It was also found that there was significant weight loss when compared to standard. The results reveal promising anti-arthritic potential of the M. citrifolia. However further pharmacological investigation using isolated active ingredients can be carried out to confirm its efficacy and mechanism of action.
Study of regional habits influencing Pharyngeal Cancers – Tobacco in various forms with or without Alcohol
Authors: Senniappan Shivakumar , Praba R. Suriya , Subair V. C.
Published: February 2025

The present study was a case control study on pharyngeal cancers and the habits related to it which was carried out in our Dept of ENT,  using 30 cases and 90 hospital based controls during  a 2 years study period. The various habits of the patients based on the type of tobacco, alcohol intake pan chewing, dietary habits like regular use of salted or smoked fish were studied. We investigated the effects on risk in males and females of tobacco smoking, drinking alcohol, non smoke tobacco use - pan (betel nut)-tobacco chewing and dietary habits. Males were affected. predominantly with 9:1 ratio, more in above 60 age group(in 50%) .More than 50% cases were literate and maintained oral hygiene. Majority of cases were dwelling in rural areas and were manual labourers indulging in various varieties of daily wage works by occupation. More than 50 % came from very poor socioeconomic status . 93% cases showed tobacco smoking history, beedi was the commonly used type with >30 years duration in 76% cases. Alcohol drinking was observed in 76% cases with 20-30 yrs duration in majority cases. Indian made foreign liquors were used in all patients. Among 56% non smoke tobacco use cases, 82 % used pan-tobacco(betel quid) chewing with more than 20 years duration. Among the paticnts, more than 50% were oropharyngeal followed by hypopharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cases and histopathologically were squamous cell carcinoma. On interpreting the results, there was significant positive association with risk were observed for beedi smoking (Relative risk-9.661, odds ratio 15.3 and P value 0.0001), alcohol (Relative risk-2.042, odds ratio -2.512 and P value 0.01), Pan tobacco chewing (Relative risk-3.30, odds ratio 5.615 and P value 0.001), and insignificant results for regular use of salted smoked fish in diet (Relative risk-1 458, odds ratiol.66 and P value 0.59). Although our study has several limitations inherent to case control studies, and less sample size, advantages are heterogeneity of distribution of exposures, a detailed assessment of lifestyle habits for both groups of cases and controls. Thus, for purposes of public health education, discouragement of the tobacco, alcohol and pan chewing habits should take priority, although there is a substantial residual benefit to be gained from reductions in the other habits.
Efficient Predictive Modelling of Cardiovascular Disease using Deep Learning Approaches
Authors: Sri Jalligampala Divya Lalita , Rao Kancherla Gangadhar , Lalitha R.V.S.
Published: February 2025

In order to improve the identification and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), this study provides a fresh suggested model that uses Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) for the multi-label classification of phonocardiographic data. The complex temporal and spectral properties included in heartbeat sounds are often too complex for traditional machine learning frameworks to fully capture. Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and MEL-spectrograms, two sophisticated feature extraction techniques, work together in our suggested model to improve the representation of important audio aspects that are essential for cardiovascular diagnoses. Through the utilization of GCNs' intrinsic relational structure, the model enhances the propagation of superior information among associated nodes, which in turn improves the categorization of various cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, dynamic customization of node feature representations is made possible by the design, which enhances the resilience of real-world pulse recordings against noise and fluctuation. The results highlight the usefulness of the suggested model in clinical settings, opening the door for further research into hybrid modelling methods and the incorporation of advanced brain architectures with the goal of improving cardiovascular health assessment and intervention plans.
Some immunological parameters and interleukin level associated with Chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in Al Anbar governorate
Authors: Mohammed Aysar Mahmood , Mohammed Mousa Jasim
Published: February 2025

Context: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and other cytokines play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), however their prognostic importance in these conditions remains unclear. The authors evaluated the correlation between serum cytokine levels and clinical outcomes in individuals with CML in the present study.                                                     
Methodology: Serum concentrations of TNF-a, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-5, IL-3, IFN 1a, C3, and C5 were assessed in patients with CML1 or CML2 seeking treatment at Al-Anbar Oncology Center. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to examine relationships with clinical outcomes.
Outcomes: Elevated TNF-a levels were associated with diminished performance status, increased leukocyte counts, and heightened cytokine levels. Additionally, a robust positive association was observed between TNF-a, INF-a, IL-1a, IL-6, IL-5, IL-3, C3, and C5 in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
Conclusions: Elevated serum levels of TNF-a, INF-a, IL-1a, IL-6, IL-5, IL-3, C3, and C5 in CML patients signify the severity of the disease.
Advancements in Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems for Fixed Dose Combinations: A Comprehensive Study
Authors: Acharya Monika , Dubey Gaurav
Published: February 2025

Background: Controlled release drug delivery systems (CRDDS) and fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) have revolutionized pharmaceutical science, offering improved therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance. Integrating CRDDS into FDCs enables optimized drug release profiles, reduced dosing frequency, and enhanced medication synergy.
Methods: This study evaluates key CRDDS techniques, including layered tablets, multiparticulate systems, matrix systems, and osmotic systems, focusing on their formulation, analytical approaches, and performance. Preformulation studies, coating techniques, dissolution testing, and stability studies were conducted to ensure quality and efficacy.
Results: Layered tablets achieved multi-phased drug release with mechanical stability, while multiparticulate systems demonstrated flexible, individualized release profiles. Matrix systems provided sustained drug release through diffusion and erosion mechanisms, and osmotic systems exhibited pH-independent release over 24 hours. Analytical methods validated the compatibility, stability, and release profiles of formulations.
Conclusions: CRDDS for FDCs offer significant benefits for managing complex diseases. Despite challenges in API compatibility, release kinetics, and regulatory requirements, advancements in materials, nanotechnology, and personalized medicine hold promise for innovative drug delivery solutions.
Modulation Renal Expression of mTOR Gene via Calcitriol on RIRI in Rats
Authors: Abdul Hameed Ahmed M. , Altemimi Murooj L.
Published: February 2025

Background: It seems that IRI is primary factor causing morbidity and death in a number of conditions; including sepsis, MI, and AKI. The microvascular system undergoes structural and functional alterations as a result of ischaemia. Additionally, endothelial layer of capillaries produces ROS in response to the fast reperfusion of ischaemic tissues by blood, which exacerbates the NFκB pathway and inflammatory process. Several inflammatory components such as IL-1β, and TNF-α are released.
Objective: This research is done to examine the effectiveness of Calcitriol in attenuating renal injury during IR through modulation mTOR gene.
Method: 28 Wister Albino rats were randomly assigned to four equal groups, (N=7):
Sham: Rats undergone laparotomy without ischemia.
Control: Rats undergone laparotomy with bilateral RIRI for 30-minute following two hours of reperfusion.
Vehicle: Rats given an intraperitoneal injection of DMSO three days before induction of RIRI.
Calcitriol: Rats received an intraperitoneal injection of Calcitriol three days prior to RIRI.
Results: TNFα, IL-1β, F2 Isoprostane, BAX, and KIM-1 tissue levels in sham were significantly lower than in vehicle and control. Additionally, the findings showed that compared to the vehicle and control, the Calcitriol had significantly decreased levels of KIM-1, TNFα, IL-1β, F2 Isoprostane, and BAX. It also showed that tissue content of Bcl2 and mTOR was significantly greater in Calcitriol compared to vehicle and control. The histopathology showed that Calcitriol could significantly lessen kidney damage in contrast to vehicle and control.
Conclusion: This work concluded that Calcitriol significantly reduced RIRI damage in rats due to their pleiotropic effects.
Prevalence, determinants and knowledge toward overweight and obesity among grade 7-12 students in Duhok city
Authors: Kh. Bebo Kherailah , A. Sadeeq Hoger , S. Abduljabar Musaab , Y. Saeed Saad,
Published: February 2025

Background: Overweight and obesity are common illnesses that impact around one billion individuals worldwide, with a higher prevalence among women than males. The study's objectives were to determine the prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among students and their knowledge on the subject.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 500 intermediate and high school students (250 boys and 250 girls) in classes 7-12 in Duhok city, between November 12, 2023, and December 6, 2023.  Anthropometric measures were taken, and a systematic questionnaire was used to study the risk factors of overweight and obesity, and the related eating habits, attitude, and knowledge.
Results: Out of the 500 students, 48% had normal BMI. whereas 15.6% were obese and up to 23% were overweight. Seventy-six percent of students usually eat breakfast, 55.6% eat fast food twice a week, 38.6% use energy drinks, and 66.8% drink fizzy drinks 3-4 times a week. A significant statistical association was observed between students' understanding and their BMI, as well family history of obesity. The BMI of the students is associated with their educational level, but not with that of their parents.
Conclusions: About one half of the students have abnormal BMI, and 38.6% were either overweight or obese. They have a variety of bad eating habits that contribute to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity, such eating fast food, snacks, and fizzy beverages.
Analysis of the Impact of Cash Management on Liquidity in SMEs in Indonesia
Authors: Nurchayati Nurchayati
Published: February 2025

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in Indonesia's economic growth, yet they often struggle with liquidity constraints due to ineffective cash management. This study employs a literature review method to examine the impact of cash management on liquidity among Indonesian SMEs. The findings reveal that structured financial planning, digital financial adoption, and improved access to funding are essential in mitigating liquidity risks. Additionally, the study identifies a strong correlation between effective cash management and business performance, emphasizing the need for SMEs to adopt sound financial practices. The research highlights gaps in existing literature and suggests further empirical studies to develop practical frameworks tailored to the financial landscape of Indonesian SMEs. The study contributes to the discourse on SME financial resilience and offers policy recommendations to enhance liquidity management.
Soccer Performance Analytics: Leveraging YOLOv11 and Image Processing for Data-Driven Insights
Authors: Varshan T. Dinesh , Ganesh T. , B Preethi . , Thiyagachanthan Thiyagachanthan
Published: February 2025

In the rapidly evolving field of soccer analytics, leveraging advanced technologies is essential for performance evaluation and strategic decision-making. This project utilizes the newly introduced YOLOv11, a state-of-the-art object detection model, to detect and track players and the ball in video footage from multiple camera angles. Integrated object trackers ensure continuity across frames, while K-means clustering classifies players into teams based on t-shirt colors. Through image processing techniques like optical flow and perspective transformation, player movements are converted into real-world measurements, enabling precise assessments of speed and distance covered. Additionally, Gemini AI is incorporated to automatically generate detailed reports based on the analyzed data, providing comprehensive insights for coaches, analysts, and sports authorities. This system aims to empower data-driven decision-making in soccer management and elevate the effectiveness of performance analysis.
The use of Triamcinolone Injection in treatment of refractory benign Esophageal Stricture in children
Authors: Yassin Osman Ahmed Zuhry , Ahmed Faisal Alkhateeb , Ahmed sayed Zain El-Abdeen , Badawy Ali Ahlam , Abdel-Wahab Mohamed Hossam Mahmoud , Ibrahim Abu Faddan Nagla Hassan
Published: February 2025

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Intra-lesional triamcinolone injection in the management of refractory benign esophageal Stricture in children.
Methods: Before endoscopic dilatation, triamcinolone acetate (40 mg/ml) was be applied in the first 5 dilations with an interval of one week between the first and second dilation and then every 2 weeks.
Results: A total of 67 children with refractory benign esophageal stricture out of 183 children (36.6%) who presented with esophageal stricture were enrolled in the study, Cause of esophageal stricture was post-corrosive injury (n=59, 88.1%), with a smaller proportion attributed to post-TEF repair (n=8, 11.9%), There was a significant reduction in the number of dilatations required before and after the triamcinolone injections. The mean maximum dilation improved from 10.66 mm SG(Savary-Gilliard) before injections to 13.13 mm SG after injections, periodic dilatation index (PDI) showed significant reduction post-treatment. The mean PDI decreased from 1.07 to 0.27, There was a significant improvement in the grades of dysphagia, there was no significant changes in cortisone levels, ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) levels showed no significant change, there were no major complications of the procedure.
Conclusion: findings suggest that intralesional triamcinolone injection is an effective and safe treatment option for refractory benign esophageal strictures in children.
A EMERGÊNCIA DA HISTÓRIA AMBIENTAL DE UBERABA E TEMPORALIDADES: ESTUDO DA NATUREZA E CIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL NO ENSINO BÁSICO
Authors: Alexandar Maria de Carvalho Alves  , Geisla Aparecida de Carvalho
Published: February 2025

Este artigo analisa a emergência histórico-cultural da história ambiental em Uberaba, Minas Gerais, conforme perspectivas de autores. Martinez (2016, p. 40), destaca a necessidade de explicitar as variáveis que sustentam a relação entre evidências e explicações de eventos históricos e culturais. Reconhece-se a inseparabilidade entre natureza, cidade e cultura, embora existam processos naturais, sociais e culturais ainda fora do controle humano. A pesquisa aborda a problemática ambiental urbana gerada pela modernidade capitalista, utilizando uma abordagem histórico-dialética qualitativa e bibliográfica, baseada em documentos do Arquivo Público Municipal de Uberaba (APU) de 2005. O artigo divide-se em três partes sobre a história ambiental na educação pública. A primeira examina a questão da natureza no contexto da globalização capitalista, com foco na realidade socioambiental contemporânea. A segunda explora a emergência da história ambiental, seu caráter interdisciplinar e sua interface com a geografia urbana, investigando a relação entre natureza e cidade. A terceira parte discute a importância de propor soluções para problemas ambientais urbanos no contexto da produção da cidade e do desenvolvimento sustentável. Os dados indicam que 78% dos estudantes desconhecem o tema, enquanto 22% aprendem sobre ele por meio do projeto político-pedagógico e da Educação Ambiental (EA), realizados anualmente na escola. Conclui-se que, frente à globalização neoliberal, a cidade se torna um espaço estratégico para tanto a reprodução do sistema capitalista quanto para a construção de um novo paradigma socioeconômico e ambiental, especialmente na educação básica.
The Time Decaying Synchronization between the Volatility Index and KOSPI Return
Authors: Ahn Seoungpil
Published: February 2025

This study examines the spillover effect of the volatility index on the stock return of the Korean stock market. Empirical analysis utilizes the US volatility index (VIX) in the return format and the KOSPI daily return data for the twenty years from January 2002 to December 2021. Using the time-series models, I find that the VIX is negatively associated with the KOSPI stock return. Further, the result shows that the influence of the VIX becomes weakened in the later period after the financial crisis. Nevertheless, the negative relation between the VIX return and the KOSPI return remains persistent, suggesting that the VIX serves as a preceding indicator for the Korean stock market.
تطوير منهج اللغة العربية ببيسنترين وادي العلوم الإسلامي على أساس التفقه في الدين وثنائية اللغة
Authors: Al Barokah Andyani Julinda Anggraeni , Mahfudh Sahal , Subhan Ali
Published: February 2025

Pesantren are divided into two main categories, namely traditional and modern pesantren. Traditional pesantren use traditional methods that focus on developing receptive skills, while modern pesantren use modern methods that focus on developing productive skills. Pesantren Wadil Ulum Pati integrates traditional methods and modern methods. This pesantren uses traditional methods such as Bandongan and Sorogan to develop receptive skills, as well as modern methods that support the development of productive skills through the Arabic curriculum system. This study aims to analyze the background, form of development, and relevance of the Arabic curriculum in the pesantren. The research method used a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were obtained through interviews, documents, and questionnaires, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. Data validity was tested through triangulation of techniques and sources, as well as expert validation. The results showed that curriculum development is based on philosophical, socio-cultural, religious, scientific foundations, as well as community needs. Philosophical and religious foundations are the dominant factors. Development is carried out in the aspects of objectives, materials, media, strategies, methods, learning activities, and evaluation. In terms of relevance, this curriculum is not only theoretical but also proven practical through various successes. This research is expected to contribute as a reference for Arabic curriculum development in other pesantren in Indonesia.
صعوبات تعلم مهارة التحدث باللغة العربية، دراسة مقارنة بين طلاب آتشيه وجايو
Authors: Abdullah Maulidati , Yacob Maimun M.
Published: February 2025

IAIN Takengon is one of the campuses that has multicultural students, among them Gayo, Acehnese, etc. In learning Arabic, the researcher acts as a lecturer. Found various difficulties faced by students. Among them are problems in speaking Arabic which are influenced by the student's mother tongue. So here, the researcher is encouraged to discuss student's difficulties in speaking Arabic. Especially in the Gayo and Acehnese tribes, because the majority of students come from the Gayo tribe, followed by the Acehnese tribe. This study aims to see the difficulties faced by two groups of students who are learning Arabic conversation, namely Gayo and Acehnese student groups, this study uses a comparative method, and the research tools used are observation, questionnaires, and documentation, this study was conducted at IAIN Takengon, Arabic language education and Islamic economics study program with 31 students. The results of the study showed that there were 2 problems faced by Acehnese and Gayo students in speaking Arabic, first: general problems which include not memorizing vocabulary, feeling embarrassed when speaking in front of friends, being afraid of making mistakes in pronunciation, lack of opportunities to practice Arabic in the college environment, not understanding grammar and morphology rules, having no previous language experience and not matching the language of the book with the regional language. The specific problem is that both groups of students, namely Acehnese and Gayo, have difficulty speaking Arabic. The habit of thinking in another language (mother tongue), is influenced by the structure of the mother tongue, and difficulty in adapting some letters of the alphabet, the next problem is that the intonation in Acehnese is very strong so it continues when speaking Arabic, while the intonation in Gayo has no real influence on speaking Arabic.
Problematika Pembelajaran Balaghah
Authors: Parhan Parhan , Isyanto Nur
Published: February 2025

The teaching of balaghah in the department of Arabic language education in private Islamic tertiary institutions with different quality, student input and geographical location from the department of Arabic language education in public Islamic tertiary institutions is a challenge in itself because learning balaghah cannot be separated from the science of Arabic, especially nahwu and sharaf to minimise learning difficulties and facilitate understanding. This study aims to discuss more deeply the problems of teaching balaghah in the Arabic language education department atSTAI Nurul Iman Parung, Bogor. By using a qualitative approach, and data collection using observation, interviews and documentation. The results of the study concluded that there are several main problems in teaching balaghah in the Arabic Language Education Study Programme of STAI Nurul Iman Parung, Bogor. Some of the factors that contribute to this problem are the heterogeneity of students' educational background, low motivation to learn, ineffective teaching methods, and lack of library resources. Therefore, improvements in teaching approach, selection of more effective methods, and increased access to relevant literature sources are needed to improve the quality of balaghah teaching in the study programme.
Aktualisasi Nilai Historis & Teoritis dalam Pemberlakuan Hukum Islam di Indonesia
Authors: Azzahra Fatimah , Mutawali Muhammad , Syukri Syukri
Published: February 2025

Islamic law is a set of Islamic rules and norms sourced from the Quran and Hadith, coupled with the sources of Islamic law in the form of Ijma' and Qiyas, and the sources of ijtihad that are still debated by scholars in their use in the form of Istihsan, Istislah, Istishab, Maslahah Mursalah, 'Urf, Sar'u Man Qablana, and so on. The history of the birth of Islamic law began with the appointment of Muhammad as the last Prophet and Apostle, and was sent to this earth as the recipient of divine revelation that must be disseminated to his people until the Day of Resurrection arrives. The revelations collected into the Qur'an contain all the rules that are allowed and not allowed to be done as believers. The Quran and Hadith are final even though they can still be interpreted according to the development of the times until now. With the spread of Islam to all corners of the world, Islamic law is also included in it. Islam reached Indonesia at a time when the Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms still ruled Indonesia. Islam was brought peacefully by Arab and Indian traders so that it could be well received by the indigenous people at that time. The implementation of Islamic law in Indonesia has occurred since the birth of Islamic kingdoms until the current modern Indonesian era. This is evidenced by the use of Islamic law as the basis / source of various rules in Indonesia
Analisis Hukum Islam Terhadap Praktik Bisnis Multi Level Marketing
Authors: Jauhari Muhammad Sofwan , Nugraha Iqbal Subhan
Published: February 2025

This study examines the perspectives of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) regarding Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) practices, focusing on the alignment with Islamic principles. MLM has gained popularity as a business model, but its compatibility with Islamic law has been debated, particularly concerning practices such as recruitment-based commissions and the potential for exploitation. This research uses a qualitative approach, analyzing fatwas and official statements from MUI and NU, as well as examining Islamic legal frameworks to assess the permissibility of MLM. The study finds that while MUI permits MLM under certain conditions, NU takes a stricter stance, condemning MLM that resembles pyramid schemes. The research highlights key elements that must be observed for MLM to comply with syariah, including transparency, fairness, and product legitimacy. The findings suggest that both organizations stress the importance of ethical practices in MLM, with the need for better regulation and public education to avoid exploitative systems.
Islam dan Pancasila
Authors: Amiruddin Ahmad Mukhtar , Hafniati Hafniati , Abdurrahman Usman Zulkifli
Published: February 2025

This study examines Islam and Pancasila: The Dialectic of Constitutional Law in the Thought of A. Hasjmy. The purpose of this research is to reveal A. Hasjmy's thoughts related to Pancasila as the basis of the state and its relationship with Islam. This research method is qualitative by using descriptive analysis of A. Hasjmy's thoughts related to Islam, the state, and Pancasila. The analysis of A. Hasjmy's thought is analyzed using the heurmenetic method of trying to reveal the symbols of the text narrative expressed by A. Hasjmy. The data collection method of this study includes library research. Based on  the library research method, the  primary data in this study is a book by A. Hasjmy entitled Where is the Islamic State Located. This study shows that A. Hasjmy's thinking is modernist and adaptive. Modernist, A. Hasjmy's thinking is open and rational. Adaptive, A. Hasjmy is socially mature in understanding state culture. Pancasila, according to A. Hasjmy, is conceived with Islam; both divine teachings and social teachings. The precepts contained in Pancasila accommodate Islamic values. Indonesia, according to A. Hasjmy, has adhered to the principle of an Islamic state in the context of value substance based on Pancasila.
FEATURES OF BALANCE MANIFESTATION IN JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN
Authors: Hakobyan Y.S. , Arzumanyan L.E.
Published: February 2025

The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of balance manifestation in junior schoolchildren. The objectives of the research is to investigate the age-related changes in the manifestation of balance in junior schoolchildren, to study the characteristics of balance manifestation in junior schoolchildren with SEN.
The study of balance manifestations in junior schoolchildren led to the following conclusions:
1.Variations in results were recorded among 2nd-4th grade students.
2.A low level of dynamic balance manifestation was recorded among junior schoolchildren.
3.The study of balance ability manifestations in 6 junior SEN students shows that the students find it difficult to maintain balance both in static positions and during movement.
Thus, for instance, three out of the five 2nd-grade SEN children were unable to
complete the 15-meter straight-line walk exercise with eyes closed, which characterizes dynamic balance.
The results of the conducted research provide a basis to make the following conclusion: It is necessary to apply various balance training exercises in physical education classes starting from the first grade.