bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does the usual dietary intake of patients with depression require vitamin-mineral supplementation?
Authors: Stefańska Ewa , Wendołowicz Agnieszka , Kowzan Urszula , Konarzewska Beata , Szulc Agata , Ostrowska Lucyna
Published: July 2019

Cel

Badania sposobu żywienia przeprowadzane wśród pacjentów z depresją wskazują, iż ich sposób żywienia często odbiega od racjonalnego, przyczyniając się tym samym do niezgodnej z zaleceniami podaży składników odżywczych, zwłaszcza witamin i składników mineralnych, których niedobór wpływa na nieprawidłowe funkcjonowaniu układu nerwowego.Celem pracy była ocena zawartości wybranych witamin i składników mineralnych w całodziennych racjach pokarmowych pacjentów chorujących na zaburzenia depresyjne nawracające.

Metoda

Badaniami objęto grupę 69 osób (54 kobiety i 15 mężczyzn w wieku 18-65 lat, średni wiek kobiet wynosił 45,7±12,2 lat, a mężczyzn 46,0±12,2 lat) leczonych z powodu zaburzeń depresyjnych nawracających. Do zebrania danych dotyczących sposobu żywienia wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety opracowany w Zakładzie Dietetyki i Żywienia Klinicznego UMB. W ocenie ilościowej sposobu żywienia wykorzystano wywiad 24-godzinny zebrany z 3 dni powszednich i 1 dnia weekendowego.

Wyniki

W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykazano niezgodną z zaleceniami podaż większości ocenianych składników odżywczych.

Wnioski

Wyniki badań wskazują, iż konieczność stosowania suplementacji diety preparatami witaminowo-mineralnymi powinna być rozpatrywana indywidualnie. W momencie poprawy stanu klinicznego badanym pacjentom wskazana by była edukacja żywieniowa związana z właściwym doborem grup produktów w celu zapewnienia optymalnej podaży witamin i składników mineralnych.
Bourning mouth syndrome: pathogenic and therapeutic concepts.
Authors: Ferensztajn Ewa , Łojko Dorota , Rybakowski Janusz
Published: July 2019

Zespół pieczenia w jamie ustnej (BMS – bourning mouth syndrome) jest to przewlekły zespół bólowy charakteryzujący się uczuciem bólu, pieczenia i suchością w obrębie błony śluzowej jamy ustnej, niezwiązany z jej patologią. BMS występuje 7 razy częściej u kobiet, głównie w okresie około menopauzalnym. Istotny jest aspekt psychiatryczny BMS: choroba ta często współistnieje z depresją i zaburzeniami lękowymi, a szereg leków psychotropowych odgrywa istotną rolę w jej leczeniu. W niniejszym przeglądzie omówiono najważniejsze koncepcje patogenetyczne BMS oraz najczęstsze sposoby leczenia tego zespołu. BMS może być podobny do bólu neuropatycznego, a jego pewne elementy patogenetyczne są podokrewne do fibromialgii oraz zespołu niespokojnych nóg. W pierwotnym BMS wykazano cechy presynaptycznej dysfunkcji neuronów dopaminergicznych w obrębie prążkowia oraz zmniejszenie stężenia endogennej dopaminy. W patogenezie BMS biorą udział także inne neuroprzekaźniki (serotonina, noradrenalina, histamina), czynniki hormonalne oraz czynniki zapalne. W leczeniu farmakologicznym BMS stosowane są m.in. pochodne benzodiazepiny, leki przeciwdrgawkowe. leki przeciwdepresyjne oraz atypowe leki przeciwpsychotyczne. W końcowej części pracy omówiono możliwość zastosowania w BMS atypowego leku przeciwpsychotycznego - olanzapiny. W kontekście ostatnich prac na ten temat wspomniano również przypadek własny pacjentki z trwającym od kilkunastu lat zespołem pieczenia w jamie ustnej, u której leczenie olanzapiną przyniosło szybkie, znaczne zmniejszenie nasilenia objawów. Prawdopodobny mechanizm terapeutycznego działania olanzapiny w BMS opiera się na jej wpływie na receptory dopaminergiczne i histaminowe oraz dodatkowo na receptory noradrenergiczne i serotoninergiczne.
Children sexual abuse in Poland – study of 257 sexual offenders against minors
Authors: Heitzman Janusz , Lew-Starowicz Michał , Pacholski Marek , Lew-Starowicz Zbigniew
Published: July 2019

Cel

Wprowadzenie: Uzyskanie obiektywnych danych na temat przestępców seksualnych wobec dzieci jest trudne. W celu zwiększenia możliwości zapobiegania takim przestępstwom, konieczne jest określenie czynników warunkujących tego typu zachowania seksualne.
Cel: Przygotowanie wszechstronnej analizy profilu sprawców przestępstw seksualnych wobec małoletnich.

Metoda

Przeprowadzono analizę dokumentacji z seksuologicznych, psychiatrycznych i psychologicznych badań sądowych oraz zapisów z rozpraw 257 sprawców. Uzyskane informacje obejmowały dane demograficzne, podłoże psychospołeczne, rozwój psychoseksualny, niedawną aktywność seksualną, problemy zdrowia fizycznego i psychicznego oraz dane dotyczące zarzucanego przestępstwa seksualnego.

Wyniki

: Większość sprawców miała niezakłócone relacje rodzinne. Badani z zaburzeniami preferencji seksualnych postrzegali związki swoich rodziców jako gorsze, częściej zgłaszali trudności w nauce i w relacjach z nauczycielami i rówieśnikami. 5,4% badanych było w dzieciństwie wykorzystywanych seksualnie, a 23,3% padło ofiarą przemocy fizycznej. Większość sprawców negowało dysfunkcje seksualne i miało regularną, choć rzadką aktywność seksualną. U 20,6% zdiagnozowano zaburzenia psychiczne, a 36,8% nadużywało alkoholu. Prawie 30% badanych popełniło przestępstwo pod wpływem alkoholu lub innych substancji. Większość sprawców nie ujawniało zaburzeń preferencji seksualnych. Pedofilię rozpoznano w 27% przypadków, a niedojrzałość psychoseksualną w 23,1% przypadków. Nie stwierdzono żadnego związku między zaburzeniami preferencji seksualnych a współzapadalnością psychiatryczną, nadużywaniem alkoholu lub innych substancji psychoaktywnych. Nadużycia seksualne obejmowały dotykanie narządów płciowych, stosunek pochwowy lub oralny i obnażanie ciała swojego lub ofiary. Były popełniane najczęściej wobec jednego dziecka, zaplanowane, z użyciem przemocy, przy pełnej świadomości wieku ofiary.

Wnioski

Uzyskane dane poszerzają dotychczasową wiedzę na temat sprawców przestępstw seksualnych wobec małoletnich i powinny być brane pod uwagę przy planowaniu oddziaływań terapeutycznych oraz prewencyjnych.
Research and treatment of war neuroses at the Clinic for Nervous and Mental Diseases at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow before World War II in the context of psychiatry in Europe
Authors: Rutkowski Krzysztof , Dembińska Edyta
Published: July 2019

Celem artykułu jest przegląd badań dotyczących diagnostyki i leczenia nerwic wojennych w Klinice Neurologiczno-Psychiatrycznej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego przed wybuchem II wojny światowej. Zaprezentowano również działalność profesora Jana Piltza ówczesnego kierownika Kliniki i jego najważniejsze dokonania naukowe. Opisywane w artykule publikacje pochodzą głównie z okresu I wojny światowej i obejmują analizy kliniczne następstw stresu doświadczanego na froncie, a także opis sposobów ich leczenia. Przedstawiono również inne najważniejsze doniesienia z obszaru nerwic wojennych, jakie ukazały się w Europie w tym samym czasie. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na bardzo współczesny i wybiegający ponad ówczesną przeciętność sposób myślenia o leczeniu nerwic wojennych prezentowany przez prof. Piltza i jego zespół. Nowatorskie spojrzenie na ich leczenie związane było przede wszystkim z dostrzeganiem przyczyny nerwicy we wcześniejszych zaburzeniach osobowości pacjentów, zaleceniem psychoterapii jako podstawowej metody leczenia, a także podkreślaniem konieczności dalszej rehabilitacji po zakończeniu leczenia szpitalnego. Przywiązywano także dużą wagę do konieczności indywidualnego opracowywania planów terapii dla każdego z pacjentów.
Connexive logics. An overview and current trends
Authors: Omori Hitoshi , Wansing Heinrich
Published: July 2019

In this introduction, we offer an overview of main systems developed in the growing literature on connexive logic, and also point to a few topics that seem to be collecting attention of many of those interested in connexive logic. We will also make clear the context to which the papers in this special issue belong and contribute.
Treating nasolabial folds with dermal fillers: a holistic approach
Authors: Mehta Tristan , Gowda Gowrav
Published: July 2019

There are multiple surgical and non-surgical ways to treat the nasolabial fold. Traditionally, the non-surgical way of treating nasolabial folds was through careful placement of hyaluronic acid fillers directly to the fold. Our understanding of the facial ageing process and facial anatomy has enabled us to evolve our technique so that nasolabial fold treatments are safer for patients and deliver better clinical outcomes. By treating nasolabial folds indirectly, by addressing the changes that occur through aging, the aesthetic practitioner can achieve more natural and effective reduction in the fold. Indirect treatment of the nasolabial fold requires addressing the bony resorption, deep fat and superficial fat volume loss. Through better understanding of the facial aging process, we are entering an era where more practitioners are treating the cause of a particular line than treating it directly. This has the benefit of creating a more balanced and natural result with longer lasting rejuvenation.
Microneedling: a versatile and popular treatment option
Authors: Walsh Louise
Published: July 2019

Micro-needling, also known as collagen induction therapy, is a process involving the repeated puncturing of the skin with tiny, sterilized needles. Carrying out precise, controlled wounding of the skin in this way, allows for controlled healing, which leads to skin rejuvenation and the treatment of a number of conditions through cell turnover and increased collagen production.
Criminal records
Authors: Stevens Mark
Published: July 2019

Just as employers have a right to know who they're employing, those with a criminal record applying for jobs have the right to rehabilitate their lives. The question is, what can an employer ask and what must an applicant disclose?
Life in the bus lane: a reflection of the year
Authors: Chapman Eleanor
Published: July 2019

In her final column, Eleanor Chapman reflects on her first 10 months as a newly qualified paramedic for London Ambulance Service, much of which has been spent in the bus lane
How to design and set up a clinical trial part 1: the research question
Authors: Atwal Amarpreet , Benson Philip E
Published: July 2019

Data from clinical trials involving human participants are essential in establishing an evidence base about the safety and effectiveness of our treatments. This first article describes the steps involved in designing and setting up a clinical trial, from establishing the research question(s) to searching the literature. Acquiring some knowledge about how to set up a clinical trial will allow the conscientious clinician to use the most relevant information to provide the highest possible standards of clinical care for his/her patients.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Even if a clinician is not, has never been, nor is ever planning to be involved in research, he/she should understand and be able to interpret the data from clinical trials.
Synovial fluid cell counts and its role in the diagnosis of paediatric septic arthritis
Authors: Obana K. K. , Murgai R. R. , Schur M. , Broom A. M. , Hsu A. , Kay R. M. , Pace J. L.
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Clinical presentation of paediatric septic arthritis (SA) can be similar to other joint pathologies. Despite potential for infection in all major joints, most diagnostic criteria are based on values from the hip. This study identifies the best joint aspirate values in diagnosing SA in all joints.

Methods

In all, 166 patients who underwent 172 joint aspirations at the authors’ institution between 01 September 2004 and 01 September 2014 were retrospectively identified. Recorded measures included age, sex, duration of symptoms, fever history, weight-bearing status, aspiration results, serum results and antibiotic administration. Patients were placed in the following four categories: ‘culture confirmed SA’ (C-SA), ‘suspected SA’ (S-SA), ‘Other’ and ‘Other-rheumatologic’ (Other-R), a subcategory of ‘Other’.

Results

Most common sites of aspiration were the knee (55%) and hip (29%). Diagnostic grouping was as follows: C-SA = 44, S-SA = 45, Other = 83 (Other-R = 21). Fever and non-weight-bearing prior to admission were useful predictors of SA, though in C-SA patients, 21% did not have a fever and 23% could weight bear at the time of admission. Aspirate white blood cell (WBC) count was significantly greater in both C-SA (92 000 cells/hpf) and S-SA (54 000) than in Other (10 000) and Other-R (18 000) patients. The percentage of polymorphonuclear (%PMN) was also significantly greater in C-SA (81.1%) and S-SA (80.9%) than in Other (57.9%) and Other-R (63.3%).

Conclusion

Joint aspirate values, especially %PMN, are valuable in diagnosing SA. Additionally, antibiotics pre-aspiration did not affect %PMN, facilitating subsequent diagnosis of infection. Lastly, while aspirate WBC count was a valuable indicator of SA, this finding is not as definitive as previous research suggests.

Level of Evidence

IV Case Series
Pemanfaatan Citra Landsat 8 untuk Pemetaan Potensi Mineralisasi Emas di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan, Sumatera Utara
Authors: Zuhannisa' Shofitri , Cahyono Bowo Eko , Priyantari Nurul
Published: July 2019

Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan secara geologi merupakan daerah vulkanik tua dan disertai dengan adanya sesar yang mengindikasikan adanya batuan teralterasi hidrotermal yang dapat menjadi salah satu indikator potensi keberadaan logam salah satunya emas. Secara geologi, emas merupakan mineral logam yang berkaitan erat dengan proses magmatik dan lingkungan pembentukannya berada di dalam batuan vulkanik. Kegiatan eksplorasi emas saat ini banyak dilakukan dengan metode pemetaan lapang, akan tetapi metode tersebut mempunyai kendala dimana memerlukan biaya, energi, dan waktu yang relatif tinggi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan metode untuk memudahkan eksplorasi emas salah satunya dengan penginderaan jauh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan pemetaan serta pengukuran luasan potensi mineralisasi emas di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan dengan cara mengetahui zona alterasi hidrotermal dengan menggunakan metode penisbahan saluran (band ratios) dan lineament (kelurusan) yang ada di lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh potensi mineralisai emas tersebar di tujuh kecamatan, yakni di Kecamatan Batang Toru, Angkola Sangkunur, Sipirok, Angkola Timur, Aekbilah, Batang Angkola, dan Sayurmatinggi. Pengukuran luasan wilayah potensi mineralisasi emas dilakukan dengan membuat polygon area. Berdasarkan luasan total di setiap kecamatannya, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa potensi mineralisasi emas di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan yang paling luas terdapat di Kecamatan Batang Toru, yang juga ditunjukkan dengan adanya aktivitas pertambangan emas resmi yang beroperasi di wilayah Batang Toru.
Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the 2000s: A New Century Ushers in Deeper Water, Unconventionals, and More Gas
Authors: Stark Philip (Pete) , Smith Leta K.
Published: July 2019

Estimated recoverable oil and gas from giant field discoveries from 2000 through 2009 was 383 billion barrels of oil equivalent (BBOE)—a 92% increase from the prior decade and the largest addition from giant fields since the 1970s. This dramatic increase in giant field resources was driven by the emergence of shale gas and tight oil discoveries in North America. These so-called unconventional or continuous resource plays added almost 177 BBOE of new resources—mostly from super-giant plays like the Marcellus, Bakken-Three Forks, Eagle Ford, and Montney formations. In harmony with recent trends, giant natural gas discovery volumes greatly exceeded those of oil and contributed about 260 BBOE (1558 trillion cubic feet) of new resources. Traditional conventional giant discoveries added 198 BBOE of new resource—slightly less than in the prior decade and almost 55% of the total. Super-giant fields such as Galyknysh (Yoloten) with 67 BBOE gas and condensate in Turkmenistan, Kashagan in Kazakhstan; Lula in Brazil; and Kish 2 in Iran accounted for almost 60% of the giant conventional resources. The share of deepwater discoveries increased and contributed 23% of the conventional giant field volumes. The Santos Basin mega presalt and the Levantine Basin were the most important deepwater play openers.
Discovery of a Bolivian Foothills Giant Gas Field: Incahuasi
Authors: Heidmann Jean-Claude , Durand Jacques , Mallard Philippe , Ballard Jean-Francois , Moron Jean-Marc
Published: July 2019

This chapter will address the innovative and bold exploration approach that has led the French company Total and its Argentinean partner Tecpetrol to achieve what is one of the largest gas discoveries of the south Bolivian sub-Andean basin of the 2000–2010 decade.

This discovery, named Incahuasi, is the result of multidisciplinary teamwork covering a period of 4 years from the initial geological concept definition to the drilling and testing of the discovery well Incahuasi-X1.

The overall approach can be summarized as a combination of controlled risk decision making based on a regional geological knowledge and the development of new techniques such as the definition of dedicated biostratigraphy charts. This approach enabled the multidisciplinary team to manage most of the uncertainties attached to this specific foothills context and define a workflow that led to success.

The successful testing of the Incahuasi-X1 exploration well in 2004 led to a multi-tcf discovery currently under development. Located more than 120 km (75 mi) north of the existing Devonian gas fields, it opened a new exploration domain. It also highlights the benefit of a multidisciplinary and innovative approach in challenging areas such as the fold belts from prospect generation to discovery in a time constraint domain.
Contribuição do Ressarcimento do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar ao SUS à luz da legislação brasileira
Authors: Silveira Ticiana Coelho , Coelho Thereza Christina Bahia
Published: July 2019

O ressarcimento ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), por operadoras do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar, previsto no art. 32 da Lei nº 9.656/1998 foi instituído não para custear a seguridade social, mas para recompor despesas públicasatribuídas a atores privados decorrentes da sobrecarga do SUS em face da sua utilização por beneficiários dos planos de saúde, o que pode implicar em desassistência destes planos aos seus beneficiários. Diante da drenagem de recursos por meio da renúncia fiscal e da Emenda Constitucional n. 95, que instituiu um Teto dos Gastos Públicos com congelamento dos gastos da União por 20 anos este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a contribuição do Ressarcimento efetuado por operadoras do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar à Agência Nacional de Saúde (ANS), para o financiamento do SUS à luz da legislação constitucional e infraconstitucional. O estudo é do tipo comparativo, retrospectivo, e utiliza dados secundários publicados em dois boletins da ANS: o Mapa de utilização do SUS por beneficiários de planos privados de saúde e o Boletim Informativo, ambos publicados em 2018. Os resultados mostram que, embora seja baixo o percentual de beneficiários dos planos de saúde que utilizam do SUS para internação e procedimentos ambulatoriais de alta complexidade, o impacto no orçamentário é significativo, já tendo havido a devolução efetiva – em crescimento – de quase três bilhões de reais desde a sua implantação. Os dados também mostraram ainda clara situação de iniquidade regional e indícios de má prestação dos serviços de saúde em determinadas localidades, seja pelo SUS, seja pelo SSS, que merecem análise mais apurada em pesquisas futuras.
A Simple, Universal, and Cost-Efficient Digital PCR Method for the Targeted Analysis of Copy Number Variations
Authors: Cassinari Kévin , Quenez Olivier , Joly-Hélas Géraldine , Beaussire Ludivine , Le Meur Nathalie , Castelain Mathieu , Goldenberg Alice , Guerrot Anne-Marie , Brehin Anne-Claire , Deleuze Jean-François , Boland Anne , Rovelet-Lecrux Anne , Campion Dominique , Saugier-Veber Pascale , Gruchy Nicolas , Frebourg Thierry , Nicolas Gaël , Sarafan-Vasseur Nasrin , Chambon Pascal
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND

Rare copy number variations (CNVs) are a major cause of genetic diseases. Simple targeted methods are required for their confirmation and segregation analysis. We developed a simple and universal CNV assay based on digital PCR (dPCR) and universal locked nucleic acid (LNA) hydrolysis probes.

METHODS

We analyzed the mapping of the 90 LNA hydrolysis probes from the Roche Universal ProbeLibrary (UPL). For each CNV, selection of the optimal primers and LNA probe was almost automated; probes were reused across assays and each dPCR assay included the CNV amplicon and a reference amplicon. We assessed the assay performance on 93 small and large CNVs and performed a comparative cost-efficiency analysis.

RESULTS

UPL-LNA probes presented nearly 20000000 occurrences on the human genome and were homogeneously distributed with a mean interval of 156 bp. The assay accurately detected all the 93 CNVs, except one (<200 bp), with coefficient of variation <10%. The assay was more cost-efficient than all the other methods.

CONCLUSIONS

The universal dPCR CNV assay is simple, robust, and cost-efficient because it combines a straightforward design allowed by universal probes and end point PCR, the advantages of a relative quantification of the target to the reference within the same reaction, and the high flexibility of the LNA hydrolysis probes. This method should be a useful tool for genomic medicine, which requires simple methods for the interpretation and segregation analysis of genomic variations.
De la subcontratación laboral a la economía colaborativa: vicisitudes en sus posibles mecanismos de control internacional
Authors: Vicente Arias Andrea
Published: July 2019

El texto explora la coyuntura y posibilidades de regulación internacional de la economía colaborativa a la luz del panorama planteado por las fórmulas de subcontratación laboral y el poder de la Empresa Transnacional.
Viñetas de guerra en el ABC republicano (1936-1939)
Authors: Espinosa-Etxenike Francisco J.
Published: July 2019

El golpe de Estado del 17-18 de julio de 1936 desembocó en la Guerra Civil española. El diario ABC, conservador y monárquico, tenía dos ediciones, una en Madrid y otra en Sevilla. La edición sevillana quedó en territorio rebelde y continuó con su línea editorial anterior. La madrileña fue incautada y controlada por Unión Republicana. Este artículo analiza las 777 viñetas publicadas en ABC de Madrid durante la guerra. Este material contribuyó a mantener la moral alta en el frente y en la retaguardia y constituyó un canal primordial de propaganda republicana.
Del ecologismo como movimiento social a la educación ambiental como construcción histórica
Authors: Caride José Antonio , Meira Pablo Ángel
Published: July 2019

Situando sus argumentos en las convergencias y divergencias que existen entre el «ambientalismo» y el «ecologismo» como movimientos sociales, el texto que presentamos analiza el desarrollo histórico de la Educación Ambiental como una respuesta pedagógica y social a la crisis ambiental en las últimas décadas. Para ello, se parte del concepto de campo social de Pierre Bourdieu y del análisis genealógico de Michel Foucault, desvelando sus significados –simbólicos y materiales– inherentes a los modos de construir el relato institucional, protagonizado fundamentalmente por la unesco y el pnuma, de la Educación Ambiental (ea) y su progresiva sustitución por la que ha dado en llamarse Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible (eds). El afán alternativo y transformador de aquella (ea) se ha ido acomodando a las pretensiones reformistas de esta última (eds), en un contexto internacional que legitiman los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible, sin que los movimientos ambientalistas, ecologistas y postecologistas estén articulando un plan de acción común, con propuestas educativas compartidas, coherentes y consistentes.
RHODODENDRON WIDJAJAE (ERICACEAE, SECTION SCHISTANTHE) A NEW SPECIES FROM SULAWESI
Authors: Argent George , Mambrasar Yasper Michael
Published: July 2019

ARGENT, G. & MAMBRASAR, Y. M. 2019.  Rhododendron widjajae (Ericaceae, section Schistanthe) a new species from Sulawesi. Reinwardtia 18(1): 27‒30. — A new species of Rhododendron section Schistanthe (= subgenus Vireya) is described, Rhododendron widjajae Argent & Mambrasar. It is compared with the two most similar species and the differences demonstrated.
Bentham’s Theory of Evidence: Setting a Context
1
Authors: Twining William
Published: July 2019

Bentham’s massive writings on evidence, procedure and judicial organisation (EPJ) survive in over 13,000 pages of manuscript in addition to 15–20 published works, for some of which full manuscripts no longer survive. These are all quite closely linked. In order to start to understand the Rationale of Judicial Evidence it is useful to consider it in three broad contexts: Bentham’s other works in addition to those on EPJ, especially those works on the pannomion and the constitutional writings; attempts to construct a ‘theory of (judicial) evidence’ in the Anglo-American tradition of common law, especially those of J. B. Thayer and J. H. Wigmore; and recent efforts at UCL and elsewhere to develop evidence as a distinct multi-disciplinary field.
Pictorial Appearing
Authors: Purgar Kresimir
Published: July 2019

The proliferation of digital technology has changed our visual perception and the way we interpret terms such as 'representation', 'immersion', and 'virtuality'. Kresimir Purgar examines some of the topics fundamental to an understanding of the contemporary culture of images. The principal thesis of this volume is that we are witnessing the transitional period of images as not-representation-anymore and not-yet-immersion. Instead of just asking what images mean, we should ask ourselves what images are, how they appear, and what they do to us. The author proposes the comprehensive concept of "pictorial appearing" that takes into account phenomenological, semiotic, and art-historical perspectives on both old and new images.
Autonomie und Zusammenarbeit
Authors: Cuny Cécile , Färber Alexa , Preissing Sonja
Published: July 2019

Fotografie und Stadtforschung kommen vielfach, aber nicht reibungslos zusammen. Eine Analyse der Zeitlichkeit kooperativer Arbeitspraktiken zeigt, dass Fotografierende und Forschende hier Grenzen und Spielräume finden, um am gemeinsamen Projekt teilzuhaben und es sich anzueignen. Cécile Cuny, Alexa Färber und Sonja Preissing widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag dieser zeitlichen Vielschichtigkeit von Zusammenarbeiten am Beispiel des gemeinsamen Foto-Forschungsprojekts »Itinéraire HafenCity« (2014), das die Rekonstruktion einer fotografischen Teamforschung aus dem Jahr 2007 zum Stadtteil HafenCity in Hamburg zum Gegenstand hatte. In Foto-Spaziergang-Interviews mit zwei FotografInnen, die in dem vergangenen Projekt mitgearbeitet hatten, rekonstruieren sie die damaligen Arbeitsweisen und Bildproduktionen und machen gleichzeitig ihre eigene Zusammenarbeit zum Forschungsgegenstand. Das besondere Augenmerk für die zeitliche Dimensionierung von Kooperation bringt die Prozesshaftigkeit von Zusammenarbeit als Alltagspraxis hervor.
Crisis del multiculturalismo en América Latina
Authors: Zapata Silva Claudia
Published: July 2019

¿Ha mejorado la calidad de vida de los pueblos indígenas en América Latina luego de tres décadas en las que se ha construido una legislación que los reconoce? La información estadística y el aumento de la conflictividad social en los territorios indígenas conduce a responder negativamente esa interrogante. Este ensayo es una reflexión crítica sobre el agotamiento del momento multicultural en América Latina a partir del diálogo con el pensamiento crítico que ha surgido de los propios movimientos, especialmente de activistas e intelectuales que denuncian la relación que existe entre políticas de reconocimiento y capitalismo extractivista, resistiéndose a las imágenes colonialistas que esas políticas reproducen por cuanto niegan la historicidad y el potencial político de sus pueblos.
Wie Computer heimisch wurden
Authors: Ehrmanntraut Sophie
Published: July 2019

Mit der Einführung des Personal Computers Ende der 1970er-Jahre wurde ein neuer Markt für Konsument_innen von Computertechnologie geschaffen. Im Gegensatz zu den vorherrschenden Erzählungen über geniale Erfinder, tüchtige Unternehmer und Visionäre der Computerkultur im Silicon Valley nimmt Sophie Ehrmanntraut auch jenen Teil der amerikanischen Gesellschaft in den Blick, der Computer bis dahin nur aus den Nachrichten oder Science-Fiction-Romanen kannte. Ihre Studie zeigt: Die ersten Reaktionen der potenziellen Kundschaft waren ernüchternd - der Umgang mit Computern musste gelernt werden. Doch nicht zuletzt gezieltes Marketing verwandelte schließlich die Rechenmaschine vom selektiven Arbeitsinstrument zum Massenmedium der Informationsgesellschaft.
Ko-laborieren
Authors: Marguin Séverine , Rabe Henrike , Schmidgall Friedrich
Published: July 2019

Séverine Marguin, Henrike Rabe und Friedrich Schmidgall widmen sich in ihrem Beitrag den methodologischen Herausforderungen, denen sie bei der experimentellen und interdisziplinären Erforschung von Raum begegnet sind. Für ihre Untersuchung zu den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Raum und Wissenspraktiken entwickelten die AutorInnen eine sogenannte experimentelle gestaltungsbasierte Feldforschung, die gestalterisches Experimentieren und sozialwissenschaftliche Feldforschung sowie die Erhebungsmethoden beider Felder zusammenbringt und für die komplexen Fragen der Raumforschung produktiv macht. Das entwickelte interdisziplinäre Experimentierverständnis spannt unterschiedliche Spannungsfelder auf: Einerseits verbindet es deduktive und induktive Herangehensweisen, und andererseits löst es die scharfe Trennung zwischen Experiment und Feldforschung auf. Es plädiert für einen »ko-laborativen Ansatz«, demzufolge nicht über, sondern mit den TeilnehmerInnen geforscht wird.
»Ich erfinde nichts, ist alles, was ich sagen kann«
Authors: Fassio Marcella
Published: July 2019

Marcella Fassio widmet sich in ihrem Beitrag den Praktiken der Subjektivierung in Wolfgang Herrndorfs Blog »Arbeit und Struktur«. Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, die dortigen Praktiken der Subjektivierung im Spannungsfeld zwischen Privatheit und Inszenierung herauszuarbeiten. Zum einen wird die Dokumentation und Darstellung von Privatheit untersucht, zum anderen wird diese mit dem Begriff der Inszenierung verknüpft. Der Aufsatz stellt die Frage, inwieweit durch diese Ambivalenz eine neue Form der Privatheit verhandelt und modelliert wird. Die leitende These ist, dass es im Blog zu einer Inszenierung von Privatheit komme. Der Autor schreibe sich hier mit seinem Namen als Figur in den Blog-Text ein. Damit einher gehe die Veröffentlichung einer sensiblen privaten Thematik: der eigenen Krankheit und des eigenen Sterbens. Im Erzählen von privatem Erleben und der damit einhergehenden öffentlichen Zur-Schau-Stellung werde Privatheit inszeniert und ein literarischer Entwurf des Selbst erschaffen.
›Doing political culture‹ in Alltagspraktiken der Politisierung von Konsum
Authors: Baringhorst Sigrid , Yang Mundo , Witterhold Katharina
Published: July 2019

Sigrid Baringhorst, Mundo Yang und Katharina Witterhold plädieren in ihrem Beitrag für eine stärkere Einbeziehung von Alltagskulturen in den Untersuchungshorizont der politischen Kulturforschung und für die Überwindung der klassischen Dualität von Kultur und Materialität im Sinne der Entwicklung einer praxeologischen Erforschung von Prozessen der Politisierung von Alltagshandeln. Dabei bilden Praktiken der Politisierung von Konsumhandeln den konkreten Forschungsgegenstand, an dem das Plädoyer für eine zweifache Öffnung der klassischen politischen Kulturforschung exemplarisch erläutert werden soll. Konsumhandeln, so die These, ist zwar nicht an sich »politisch«, doch können individuelle konsumbezogene Alltagspraktiken unter bestimmten Bedingungen eine politische Dimension entfalten. Partizipationspraktiken bieten sich für eine empirische Erforschung des Politisch-Werdens von Alltagshandeln als kleinste Einheiten der politischen Kulturanalyse an. Wie eine auf Partizipationspraktiken fokussierende politische Kulturanalyse methodisch durchgeführt werden kann, wird exemplarisch am Beispiel eines Forschungsprojekts zu »Consumer Netizens« beschrieben.
»Fremde, ferne Welt«
Authors: Langer Benjamin
Published: July 2019

Gegenwärtig ist Mazedonien - insbesondere aufgrund des sogenannten »Namensstreits« mit Griechenland - wieder verstärkt im deutschsprachigen Mediendiskurs präsent. Worum aber handelt es sich, wenn von Mazedonien die Rede ist? Die mediale Repräsentation der Region bleibt oft diffus und ist stark von Stereotypen geprägt. Benjamin Langer zeigt in seiner umfassenden Analyse erstmals auf, wie diese südosteuropäische Region in deutschsprachigen Texten aus einer terra incognita an der Peripherie Europas geformt und mit Zuschreibungen versehen wurde. In zehn thematischen Kapiteln weist er nach, wie wirkmächtig diese Bilder trotz ihrer Widersprüchlichkeit und wechselnden Instrumentalisierung bis heute sind.
Seeing from without, seeing from within: Aspectual differences between Spanish and Russian
Authors: Janda Laura A. , Fábregas Antonio
Published: July 2019

Linguistic categories such as aspect are not identical across languages, and cross-linguistic differences can reveal differences in construal and conceptual categorization, which are key concepts in cognitive linguistics. Spanish-Russian parallel data diverge in situations where Spanish uses a Perfective Past tense form, while the Russian translation equivalent is an Imperfective Past tense form. We classify examples of aspectual mismatch according to grammatical constructions and language-specific facts. We find this mismatch in contexts with overt expression of time periods, as well as situations in which a final temporal boundary either is expressed or can be inferred. We interpret this in terms of a difference in conceptualization: Spanish has a tendency to view time periods from without, interpreting them as bounded and thus Perfective, whereas Russian has a tendency to view time periods from within, interpreting them on the basis of their duration without reference to their boundaries and thus Imperfective.
Die Relevanz der Irrelevanz
Authors: Krieg René
Published: July 2019

Zur Aufgabe von Handlungstheorie gehört auch die Erklärung der Nicht-Realisierung bestimmter Handlungsoptionen. Hierbei dürfen jedoch nicht allein die jeweiligen Entscheidungsprozesse des Akteurs betrachtet werden. Stattdessen muss ebenso die subjektive und situative Irrelevanz von Handlungsweisen als Erklärungsfaktor Berücksichtigung finden. Der Text benennt Theorieansätze, die diese Perspektive einnehmen, und vergleicht sie miteinander. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den relevanztheoretischen Überlegungen von Alfred Schütz, die mit dem Ziel rekonstruiert werden, sie in ein umfassenderes handlungstheoretisches Modell einfließen zu lassen. Es werden Vorteile eines solchen wissenssoziologisch-relevanztheoretischen Modells in Bezug auf die Erklärung von Nicht-Entscheidungen, Nicht-Alternativen und unwirksamen Einstellungen gezeigt.
Electrochemical synthesis of transition metal oxide nitrides with ε-TaN, δ-NbN and γ′-Mo2N structure type in a molten salt system
Authors: Lehmann Tanja S. , Niewa Rainer
Published: July 2019

The three nitrides ε-TaN, δ-NbN and γ′-Mo2N have been synthesized electrochemically from the elements at 450°C in a molten salt mixture LiCl/KCl:Li3N. For all compounds the working electrode consisting of a tantalum, niobium or molybdenum foil was anodically polarized and the system was fed with dry nitrogen. The applied constant voltage was 2.5 V (for ε-TaN), 2.2 V (for δ-NbN), and 2.8 V (for γ′-Mo2N). Chemical analysis on N and O resulted in compositions of TaN0.81(1)O0.13(2), NbN1.17(2)O0.28(1) and MoN0.88(1)O0.11(1), respectively. Lattice parameters of ε-TaN refined by the Rietveld method are a =  519.537(4) and c = 291.021(3) pm. The other two nitrides crystallize in the cubic system (rocksalt type) with a = 436.98(2) pm for δ-NbN and with a = 417.25(2) pm for γ′-Mo2N.
Techniques and Thresholds of Significance for Using WSR-88D Velocity Data to Anticipate Significant Tornadoes
Authors: Gibbs Justin G. , Bowers Barry R.
Published: July 2019

Significant tornadoes (EF2+) make up a very small percentage of the total United States tornado events, but produce the overwhelming majority of tornado fatalities. Identifying significant tornado events in a shortfused warning environment has been a particular focus of the United States National Weather Service’s severe weather program in recent years, with the goal of reducing the loss of life from significant events to the greatest extent possible. This study aims to further this effort by identifying and quantifying the skill of key signals present in Weather Service Radar-1998 Doppler velocity data in the minutes prior to the onset of significant tornado damage. When separated by storm mode, several radar velocity signals are identified that show operationally useful skill in differentiating between significant and weak/nontornadic events in supercells—with lead time. The highest skill scores are achieved by combining maximum volumetric rotational speed and depth of the storm’s mesocyclone, as well as the overall change in rotational speed in the final minutes prior to the onset of significant damage. Very little, if any, predictive skill was found when only the lowest elevation scan was considered, including more frequent supplementary scans in between full volumetric scans. The same signals that showed noteworthy skill for supercells failed to discriminate between significant and weak/nontornadic events in quasi-linear convective Systems and bow echo/mesoscale convective vortex events.
Experimental Investigations of Drilling Silicon Carbide Using Brazed Diamond Tools
Authors: Gao Chao , Liu Guangzhao , Wang Hui
Published: July 2019

This article mainly studied the machining efficiency and service life of a brazed diamond tool for drilling silicon carbide (SiC). Firstly, the influence of process parameters (spindle speed [ss], axial pressure [ap], feed rate [fr]) on the drilling efficiency was researched. Then, the orthogonal analysis was carried out to study the influence of tool structural parameters (wall thickness of tools [wtt], diamond grit size [dgs], working layer thickness [wlt], and outer diameter of tools [odt]) on the drilling efficiency and tool life. Eventually the effects of solder composition on the drilling performance were investigated. The results show the following: (1) the optimal drilling efficiency can be obtained under the condition of ss of 83π rad/s, ap of 800 N, and fr of 4/100π mm/rad. (2) The influence degree of tool structure on the drilling performance is wtt > dgs > wlt > odt; the optimal tool structural parameters are wtt of 1 mm, dgs of 250 μm, odt of 10 mm, and wlt of 0.8 mm. (3) For SiC ceramics prepared by hot pressing and hot isostatic pressure sintering, diamond tools with nickel-chromium alloy solder should be chosen; whereas for SiC ceramics prepared by pressure-free and reactive sintering, diamond tools with copper-based solder should be chosen.
Targeting Microglia Using Cx3cr1-Cre Lines: Revisiting the Specificity
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Feng , Alam Mahabub Maraj , Liao Yuan , Huang Tingting , Mathur Ramkumar , Zhu Xinjun , Huang Yunfei
Published: July 2019

Microglia play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of the CNS. There is growing interest in understanding how microglia influence normal brain function and disease progression. Several microglia-specific Cx3cr1-Cre lines have been developed and have become indispensable tools in many investigations of microglial function. However, some recent studies have reported that these lines may have significant leakage into neurons. Other studies have reported that Cx3cr1 is expressed in non-microglial cells, including neurons and astrocytes, in vitro or in vivo either during brain development or upon neurological insult. All these reports raise serious concerns about the trustworthiness of these Cre-lines and whether the conclusions drawn from previous studies are valid. Here, we found that a floxed fluorescent reporter mouse line which has been frequently used to verify Cre lines displayed spontaneous expression of the GFP reporter, independent of Cre recombinase, thus revealing a potential caveat in assessing cre lines. We further confirmed that two Cx3cr1-Cre mouse lines can drive fluorescent reporter expression largely restrictively in microglia. Finally, we clarified that these two mouse lines maintain microglia-specific expression even following excitatory injury. Together, our findings confirm that two previously created Cx3cr1-Cre lines remain as invaluable tools for studying microglia. Moreover, to ensure the quality of data generated and the soundness of conclusions drawn from such data, it should be compulsory to thoroughly examine reporter lines for spontaneous leakiness when labeling cells to study CNS function and diseases.
Relay Women
Authors: Murphy Kate
Published: July 2019

Between 1926 and 1938, the Foreign Department of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) played a central role in transnational broadcasting. Initially headed by a man, Major C. F. Atkinson, it would grow to become largely the domain of women. Starting in 1933, at the helm was Isa Benzie, an Oxford graduate who had joined the BBC in 1927 as Atkinson's secretary. Realizing her potential, he trained and encouraged her to deputize for him, and she was his natural successor when he resigned his post. In 1930, on Benzie's recommendation, her great friend Janet Quigley was recruited to the department. Together they oversaw international relays—the exchange of programs between different countries of the world. Benzie oversaw Europe, and Quigley, the United States. The two women operated in an area that was overwhelmingly peopled by men, and this article considers the significance of their work at a time when the gendering of broadcasting roles was the norm.
Australian Women Working in British Broadcasting in the 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Baker Jeannine
Published: July 2019

This article analyzes the connections between gender, labor, and mobility by tracing the transnational careers of two Australian women who began working at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in the 1930s and 1940s: Peggie Broadhead and Muriel Howlett. Both participated in the production of media content aimed at British diasporic audiences while at the same time negotiating their own Australian national identity and sense of belonging, within an imperial framework. A close study of institutional and private archives reveals that these professional responsibilities and tensions resulted in the formation of a new transnational identity of “Dominions broadcaster.” This article reveals the agency and adaptability of Australian women working in international broadcasting, and argues that through their labor and mobility they inscribed and made real the idea of imperial and Commonwealth networks.
Existence and nonexistence of radial solutions of the Dirichlet problem for a class of general k-Hessian equations
Authors: He Jianxin , Zhang Xinguang , Liu Lishan , Wu Yonghong
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we establish the existence and nonexistence of radial solutions of the Dirichlet problem for a class of general k-Hessian equations in a ball. Under some suitable local growth conditions for nonlinearity, several new results are obtained by using the fixed-point theorem.
A dependency-based approach to word contextualization using compositional distributional semantics
Authors: Gamallo Pablo
Published: July 2019

We propose a strategy to build the distributional meaning of sentences, which is mainly based on two types of semantic objects: context vectors associated with content words and compositional operations driven by syntactic dependencies. The compositional operations of a syntactic dependency make use of two input vectors to build two new compositional vectors representing the contextualized sense of the two related words.  Given a sentence, the iterative  application of the dependencies results in as many contextualized vectors as content words the sentence contains. At the end of the  compositional semantic process, we do not obtain a single compositional vector representing the semantic denotation of the whole sentence (or of the root word), but one contextualized vector for each constituent word of the sentence. Our method avoids the troublesome high-order tensor  representations of approaches relying on category theory, by defining all words as first-order tensors (i.e. standard vectors).   Some corpus-based experiments are performed to both evaluate the quality of the compositional vectors built with our strategy, and to compare them to other approaches on distributional compositional semantics. The experiments show that our dependency-based compositional method performs as  (or even better than) the state-of-the-art.
A practitioner’s view: a survey and comparison of lemmatization and morphological tagging in German and Latin
Authors: Gleim Rüdiger , Eger Steffen , Mehler Alexander , Uslu Tolga , Hemati Wahed , Lücking Andy , Henlein Alexander , Kahlsdorf Sven , Hoenen Armin
Published: July 2019

The challenge of POS tagging and lemmatization in morphologically rich languages is examined by comparing German and Latin. We start by defining an NLP evaluation roadmap to model the combination of tools and resources guiding our experiments. We focus on what a practitioner can expect when using state-of-the-art solutions. These solutions are then compared with old(er) methods and implementations for coarse-grained POS tagging, as well as fine-grained (morphological) POS tagging (e.g. case, number, mood). We examine to what degree recent advances in tagger development have improved accuracy – and at what cost, in terms of training and processing time. We also conduct in-domain vs. out-of-domain evaluation. Out-of-domain evaluation is particularly pertinent because the distribution of data to be tagged will typically differ from the distribution of data used to train the tagger. Pipeline tagging is then compared with a tagging approach that acknowledges dependencies between inflectional categories. Finally, we evaluate three lemmatization techniques.
Strategic company management in the digital business environment
Authors: Nikolaev Mykola Gennadiyovych
Published: July 2019

Purpose – to analyze strategic company management in the digital business environment.

Design/Method/Approach. General scientific methods are applied: systematization, comparison, generalization, analysis, and synthesis.

Findings. The essence of strategic management and its significance to a company has been analyzed. The relationship between strategic company management and digital business environment has been elucidated. Basic trends for doing business in the digital environment have been defined.

Theoretical implications. Theoretical significance of the research is in the advancement of opinion on the strategic company management in digital business environment.

Practical implications. The practical value of the research is in the possibility of applying the results obtained by both international and domestic companies for strategic management in the digital business environment that emerged as a result of the Fourth industrial revolution.

Originality/Value. The main trends of modern business in the digital environment have been identified. The choice of strategies of multinational companies has been identified, as well as the areas of their application in digital business environment.

Research limitations/Future research. The prospects for further research are to study the strategic management of international companies and analyze the impact of digital business environment on their development.

Paper type – theoretical.