bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlling Biofilm Growth and Its Antibiotic Resistance in Drinking Water by Combined UV and Chlorination Processes
Authors: Chen Yiwei , Li Yizhen , Yang Shaolun , Chiang Tsung Yen , Zhu Xiaoying , Hu Jiangyong
Published: November 2022

Combined use of light-emitting diodes (LED) ultraviolet (UV) and chlorination provides alternative disinfection in drinking water, which could affect the biofilm formed subsequently. Two sequential integrations (UV-Cl and Cl-UV) and one simultaneous combination (UV/Cl) were adopted to investigate their impacts on biofilm formation. Natural organic matter after combined processes was more accessible for microbes. This might explain the promoted growth of culturable biofilm bacteria—biofilm bacteria stabilized at 104 CFU/mL without disinfection while increasing continuously to 105 CFU/mL in 106 days after combined processes. Contrarily, the viable biofilm bacteria were efficiently suppressed by combined processes, with the least bacteria observed in UV/Cl. The culturable ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria in biofilm was suppressed by combined processes, with the survival reduced from 49.9% in the control to 27.7%, 16.0% and 10.8% in UV-Cl, Cl-UV and UV/Cl, respectively. The survival of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-resistant bacteria was lower in UV/Cl (16.8%) than others (43.6–55.0%), consistent with the little sul1 and sul2 detected in UV/Cl. Although combined processes reduced most detected antibiotic resistance genes (i.e., blaTEM-1, tetA, sul1 and sul2), UV-Cl showed the potential to enrich tetA and sul2 in biofilm. Overall, UV/Cl outperformed the sequential combinations in the control of viable bacteria and the antibiotic resistance in the subsequently formed biofilm.
Assessing Streambed Stability Using D50-Based Stream Power Across Contiguous U.S.
Authors: Jha Manoj K. , Asamen Dawit M. , Allen Peter M. , Arnold Jeffrey G. , White Michael J.
Published: November 2022

Streambed aggradation and degradation are ways in which a stream will respond to changes in the incoming flow and sediment loads. Several environmental and societal problems are attributed to these channel bed adjustments. Prior studies have extensively used stream power to discern dominant channel processes and establish threshold limits required to trigger channel modifications. However, these studies were constrained by limited datasets and the scope of the applications. The current study used a large dataset of streambed median grain size (D50) across the contiguous U.S. in conjunction with a screening tool to assess the streambed stability for channel erosion and deposition potential. Analysis at the Physiographic Province level indicated major geomorphic changes are highly likely to occur in the Blue Ridge and Pacific Border provinces. Deposition-dominated streams are prominent in the Central Lowland, Great Plains, and Coastal Plain, whereas the Colorado Plateaus and Wyoming Basin have the highest percentage of stable channels. Smoothed spatial maps of stream power indicated the prevalence of high stream power in the Northeast and Pacific Northwest regions of the U.S. Comparison of channel erosion and deposition predictions using the stream power map with actual field calculated aggradation and degradation results yielded a 55% prediction accuracy. Further analysis based on the stream order revealed the association of higher stream power with lower stream orders.
Sequential Analysis of Phosphorus Compounds Contained in the Substrates and the Digestate
Authors: Wiater Józefa
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the properties of the components used for fermentation and digestate. The content of phosphorus and its fraction in the substrate mixture undergoing fermentation in the real agricultural biogas plant and in the digestate was determined. The research was carried out based on substrate and digestate samples from an agricultural biogas plant with a production capacity of up to 1 MW (Mega Watt). The biogas plant operates in a continuous system. To ensure optimal operating conditions of the installation, it is necessary to provide substrates with appropriate quality and composition throughout the year. The substrate consists mainly of maize silage, poultry manure and potato pulp. In the study, samples of individual substrates and digestate were taken in four terms. The time of collection depended on the fraction of individual substrates in the charge composition. In the first term, the fraction of three substrates in the orchard was as follows: 79%—maize silage, 15%—poultry manure, and 6%—potato pulp. In the second term, it reached 82%, 10% and 8%, respectively, in the third 83%, 8% and 9%, and the fourth 80%, 6% and 14%. Eight samples of the substrates and digestate were collected every time. The samples were determined considering the content of dry matter, organic matter and the total content of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, potassium, nitrogen, iron, and the pH value. After drying the samples, the fractions were determined by the phosphorus method with the Sequential Chang–Jackson extraction with subsequent modifications by Petersen and Corey. Measurements were made using the ICP-AES method. The following fractions were isolated: P-lab. (labile) labile phosphorus, P-Al phosphorus in aluminium phosphates, P-Fe phosphorus in gel phosphates, P-red.(reduced), P-ok. (occluded) the fraction of occluded phosphates absorbed on the surface of mineral particles, P-Ca phosphorus in calcium phosphates. It was found that the physicochemical composition of the feed and digestate was determined by the content of about 80% of maize silage in fermented substrates. The addition of substrates in the form of poultry manure and potato pulp influenced the content of total phosphorus and slightly modified the content of individual fractions in it. The fermentation process, to some extent, decreased the share of fraction I (mobile) and fraction II (combined with aluminium), increased the share of fraction VI (combination with calcium) and had no significant effect on the others. Digestate is a material rich in macronutrients and should be used as a fertilizer. The dosage of digestate used for fertilisation should be preceded by a knowledge of the soils and the requirements of the cultivated plants in order to prevent mobile phosphorus fractions from entering surface waters and increasing the eutrophication process.
The Large-Scale Hydraulic Conductivity for Gravitational Fingering Flow in Unsaturated Homogenous Porous Media: A Review and Further Discussion
Authors: Liu Hui-Hai
Published: November 2022

Gravitational fingering often occurs for water flow in unsaturated porous media. This paper reviews a recent effort in developing a macroscopic theory to describe the gravitational fingering flow of water in homogeneous and unsaturated soils, based on the optimality principle that water flows in unsaturated soils in such a manner that the generated flow patterns correspond to the minimum global flow resistance. The key difference between the new theory and the conventional unsaturated flow theories is that the hydraulic conductivity in the new theory is not only related to water saturation or capillary pressure, but also proportional to a power function of water flux, because the water flux is closely related to the fingering flow patterns and the power function allows for large hydraulic conductivities at locations where water fluxes are large as well to minimize the global flow resistance. The resultant relationship for the fraction of fingering flow zone is compared with that obtained from a parallel effort based on the fractal nature of fingering flow patterns. The relationships from the two efforts are found to be essentially identical for gravity-dominated water flow in unsaturated soils and can both be expressed as a power function of the water saturation. This work also demonstrates that the theoretical values for the exponent of the power function vary in a relatively narrow range between 0.75 and 0.80 for most soils, which is supported by observations from previous field tests. This remarkable finding makes it easy to apply the new theory to field sites where experimental data are not readily available for estimating the exponent value. The potential limitations of the theory and the suggested future research topics in the area are also discussed.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Nutrient Elements and Heavy Metals in Surface Water of Tibet, China and Their Pollution Assessment
Authors: Hong Jiarui , Zhang Jing , Song Yongyu , Cao Xin
Published: November 2022

In the context of global climate change, the ecological environment of Tibet has been gaining attention given its unique geographical and fragile nature. In this study, to understand the pollution status of the surface water of Tibet, China, we collected monthly data of 12 indicators from 41 cross-sectional monitoring sites in 2021 and analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of nutrients and heavy metal elements, water quality conditions, and pollutant sources in surface water. All 12 polluting elements, except lead (Pb), had significant seasonal variations, but the magnitude of the differences was very small. Spatially, nutrient elements were relatively concentrated in the agricultural and pastoral development areas in central and northern Tibet. In general, the water quality in most parts of Tibet was found to be good, and the water quality of 41 monitoring sections belonged to Class I water standard as per the entropy method–fuzzy evaluation method. The study used a multivariate statistical method to analyze the sources of pollution factors. The principal component analysis method identified four principal components. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for pollution prevention and control in the Tibet Autonomous Region, and contribute to further research on water ecology.
Marital Disruption and Disparity in Tobacco Use in Reproductive-Aged Women: Evidence from India
Authors: Datta Biplab , Ravula Havilah , Pollard Elinita , Shimul Shafiun
Published: November 2022

Marital disruption defined as widowhood, divorce, or separation, has adverse consequences for women’s health and wellbeing. Extant evidence, however, is primarily available for older women or in developed country settings. Consequences of marital disruption for younger women in the developing countries is relatively less visited. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess whether maritally disrupted women of reproductive age (18–49 years) had differential risk of tobacco-use compared to their married counterparts. Using nationally representative data from India, we estimated multivariable logistic regressions to obtain the odds in favor of tobacco-use for maritally disrupted women. We found that compared to women remained in marriage, maritally disrupted women were 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.4–1.6) more likely to consume tobacco. The higher risk of tobacco-use of maritally disrupted women was evident in both younger (age 18–34) and older (age 35–49) cohorts. The results were robust across urban and rural areas, high- and low- education groups, and poor- and non-poor households. The higher odds of tobacco-use among maritally disrupted women persisted even after accounting for household fixed effects. The study findings thus, have implications for strengthening targeted tobacco control policies and health promotion among maritally disrupted women in low-and-middle income countries.
CO-SIMULATION PARALLEL MANIPULATOR MOVEMENTS USING ADAMS-MATLAB
Authors: Duyun I. , Gorlov A.S. , Duyun T.
Published: November 2022

The article presents the methods and results of the analysis of the movement of a modeling manipulator such as the Hugh-Stewart platform using Adams-Matlab in order to check and develop a possible trajectory of the working body. Application of Matlab Simulink for solving kinematics problems: determining the extension length of rods along a given trajectory of the movement of the working body. A feature of the Simulink application scheme is the export of physical and mechanical parameters of a solid model from Adams. Mutual integration of Matlab Simulink and Adams View evaluate the implementation of the possibility of implementing a kinematic, comprehensive and force analysis of the mechanism, taking into account its design features due to the use of an apparent prototype. The proposed method of joint modeling is presented in the form of a detailed description of the content of Simulink circuit blocks, their interaction in modeling, the exact mathematical apparatus and the conditions for implementing mutual thoroughness of the Matlab and Adams software packages. The technique was tested on the ascent from constructive platforms while moving along a sexual character such as a given trajectory. The results of a computational experiment are proposed and an analysis is made of the coordinate correspondence of the actual trajectory obtained as a result of modeling in joint simulation with the initial given trajectory for various types of motion.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF MODULAR CONSTRUCTION IN THE ORGANIZATION OF TEMPORARY ACCOMMODATION
Authors: Grakhov V. , Tolkachev Yu.
Published: November 2022

Natural disasters and subsequent man-made disasters have recently become regular. In these conditions, the primary task of the State is the organization of temporary accommodation points capable of providing the affected population with housing units in a short time. In addition, if it is impossible to equip permanent places of residence in a short time, there is a task to provide temporary accommodation facilities with the necessary infrastructure. The purpose of the research is to develop and substantiate technical proposals for the creation of temporary accommodation facilities for the population affected by a natural disaster. In order to achieve this goal, an analysis of the literature related to the existing methods of erecting temporary stay points and temporary accommodation towns for the affected population is carried out. Advanced solutions for the construction of prefabricated buildings are considered in order to determine the most optimal solution. The result of the work is a system of interrelated proposals aimed at solving the issue of providing the population with high-quality living space. The article substantiates decisions on the organization of planning, composition, as well as the order of installation and dismantling of temporary accommodation facilities. The results obtained can be used in the preparation of optimal solutions for the deployment of temporary towns for the population affected by the destructive actions of the elements.
“I Contain Multi-Tudes”
Authors: Russell Bruce
Published: November 2022

Since his elevation to the Nobel laureateship, quoting the lyrics of Bob Dylan seems even more apropos to successfully understanding the rubbish which fills ‘modern times,’ and the possible solutions to our current eschatological predicament. In the more-or-less poetic ‘meditation’ which follows, I will use his lyric as jumping-off point for a kind of wilfully Derridean exegesis. My aim is not to attempt to divine what St Bob ‘meant;’ but to use ‘categories’ derived from his words to cast a sideways light on an emergent art form based on improvisation with sound, which I believe can show us the embryo of a strategy for resolving some of the challenges we are currently facing.
Multi-Histories:
Authors: Sidogi Pfunzo
Published: November 2022

In this paper, I examine select graphic novels that narrativise intersecting histories by artists who possess distinct social positionalities and subjectivities. The first is Luke W Molver’s two-part graphic novel about King Shaka, Shaka Rising: A Legend of the Warrior Prince (2017) and King Shaka: Zulu Legend (2019). This epic illustrates King Shaka’s rise to power and his unmatched conquering pursuits that helped form the Zulu Kingdom. The second case study is Zinhle (Zhi) Zulu’s – hereafter Zhi Zulu – part-historical, part-futuristic graphic novel The Spiritual Adventures of Nandipha: Protector of the Zulu Kingdom (2019), which visually narrates the story of Nandipha, a superhero whose identity is inspired by King Shaka’s mother, Nandipha, and the influential women in Zhi Zulu’s life. I am specifically interested in how the positionalities of these two comic artists – Molver, a white man, on the one hand and on the other, Zhi Zulu, a black woman – influence their artistic approach, narrative arc, content selection, stylistics and overall treatment of indigenous Zulu histories. Using the notion of pluri- or multi-histories, I argue that these distinct but convergent comic book explorations of the interlinked lives of King Shaka and Nandipha are poignant artistic exemplars of how indigenous histories should always be retold in the plural.
The Soul of The Masks:
Authors: Santano Delas , Thwaites Harold
Published: November 2022

As part of their rituals, one of the native tribes of Malaysia, the Mah Meri, carve wooden masks and statues. These masks and statues are used in prayer rituals and ceremonies, and as a way of passing on the culture and heritage of the tribe. The carving of these artefacts was studied to learn about the Mah Meri way of life. With the help of photogrammetry, we digitised the Mah Meri masks and statues and wrote down the stories behind each one. These folktales say a lot about how the Mah Meri treat nature and how much they value it. From this data set, we wanted to see how augmented reality, installations and transmedia storytelling could be used to disseminate and preserve Mah Meri culture and history. We tried to bring the stories that were told to us back to life in a visual format, using the screens on our everyday devices. We turned the oral stories into digital sketches, which were then animated and displayed in an installation. Then, those narratives were changed so that the Mah Meri’s stories can be used in augmented reality story books. We want to show and share this multimedia representation of their folklore with the help of the digital container we have placed them in. The initial aim of the research is to immerse the wider public in the culture and heritage of Mah Meri. In disseminating this “research–creation,” we also want to see what this multimedia output could give back to the Mah Meri community and help them keep their communal knowledge alive and pass it on to the next generation.
Technological Prospecting for Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods in Onshore Scenarios for the Brazilian Field Application – A Literature Review
Authors: Thaylanne Kadman Costa Duarte  , Gabriel Malgaresi  , Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa
Published: November 2022

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are adopted when the reservoir is not auto-sufficient energetically or even after secondary oil recovery and the reservoir is not producing satisfactorily. This article aims to perform a literature review of EOR methods, starting from the applied techniques worldwide in onshore fields and proposing implementation in Brazilian onshore scenarios. This initial work studied polymer flooding combustion in situ and cyclic steam in onshore fields. The most promising studied method was combustion in situ due to its higher recovery factor. However, further studies are necessary to understand better more cases of EOR methods applied in onshore scenarios.
Technologies for Air Conditioning Powered by Alternative Energy Sources: A Brief Review
Authors: Ana Caroline Neves dos Santos  , Alex Álisson Bandeira Santos
Published: November 2022

Air conditioning systems promote human comfort, representing an energy consumption of up to 30% in a building. Although electric chillers are still widely used for thermal comfort, absorption chillers are a promising alternative for air conditioning using renewable energy sources (solar energy, natural gas, waste heat, geothermal, and biomass). The search for efficient, economical, and ecological solutions becomes evident regarding these considerations. This article proposes a brief bibliographical review of chillers powered by alternative energy sources to electricity. Awareness of the application of alternative energy sources in these systems contributes to sustainable practice and energy matrix diversification.
PARALEL ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT ACTIVITY ON THE CROATIAN AND THE BULGARIAN STOCK EXCHANGES IN CONDITIONS OF EXTRAORDINARY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION
Authors: Simeonov Stefan , Peneva Aneliya
Published: November 2022

Measures imposed in mid-March 2020 to halt the spread of Covid-19 limited and halted a number of businesses and raised serious questions and unexpected uncertainty throughout economic life. With this study we aim to assess the impact of the emergency situation on the investment activity of two selected Balkan stock exchange – The Croatian and The Bulgarian in the past year since its introduction. Subject of the study are the dynamics of stock exchange activity and market liquidity in parallel for the selected stock exchanges, which can be considered on the one hand with the price indicators and on the other with the natural measures. The input of our analysis are the main broad stock exchange indices for each of the two selected stock exchanges. For ZSE - CROBEX, whose sample includes 20 companies and for BSE – BGBX-40. As a basis for the stated analysis we set the price indicators - the stock exchange indices, after which we consistently consider the primary indicators and the analytical measures for the stock exchange activity. The main goal is to track the change in stock market activity, in parallel with the reaction of stock indices. As a starting point for changes in stock market activity, we take the previous year before the emergency situation and consider the trend in the coming quarters.

Based on the applied different categories of specialized measures and the conducted empirical analysis, we can highlight the following more significant conclusions: The price measures - popular stock indices and market capitalization show a more tangible dependence on the looming uncertainty of the impending pandemic before the introduction of social and economic constraints. And this is more pronounced for the Croatian stock exchange. The natural indicators of the stock exchange activity - the stock exchange volume and the number of transactions show a weaker dependence on the restrictive measures. We explain this first with their generally much greater variability than that of price measures. Secondly, this can be interpreted as the absence of panic withdrawal from stock market activity, which is observed in times of crisis and is more typical of small and low-liquid capital markets. In conclusion, we can summarize that the investment activity on the capital markets of Croatia and Bulgaria is affected to a lesser extent than some sectors of the real economy. The main problem remains the humanitarian impact on the health of the affected population.
ТHE ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORTATION SECTOR
Authors: Stanković Milica
Published: November 2022

In a global economy, the economic opportunities and economic success of a country or region are linked to the mobility of people and goods, with the intensive use of information and communication technology. The connection between the quantity and quality of transport infrastructure and the level of economic development is obvious. The transport sector plays an important role in today’s economy and society and has a major impact on the economy of a country or region. An efficient transport sector is a critical component of economic development. Certainly, the development of the country's transport sector is an indicator of its economic prosperity and success. Developed transport infrastructure and connected transport networks are positively correlated with a high level of economic development. When transport systems are efficient, they provide economic and social opportunities and benefits that result in positive effects such as better access to markets, employment and additional investment. When transport systems are underdeveloped and unreliable, they can cause economic costs such as reduced or missed market opportunities and lower quality of life. Assessment of the socio-economic efficiency of transport projects should be mandatory when making a decision regarding their implementation. Transport is the basis of trade infrastructure, it has a significant impact on the competitiveness of certain industries in countries and regions. Imperfections in the transport system negatively affect the efficiency of the economy as a whole. Conversely, the accelerated development of transport infrastructure and the improvement of transport and logistics systems can have a significant impact on economic growth and ultimately on the population well-being. The quality of transport services has a great impact on the quality of people lives. On average, 13.2% of the budget of each household is spent on transportation of goods and services. The transport sector significantly contributes to the economy of a country by providing jobs for a large number of people involved in vehicle production, traffic safety control, vehicle management, which enables safe and efficient movement of people and goods. In short, transport networks are the heart of the supply chain and the foundation of every country's economy. The transport sector also facilitates international trade. In the conditions of globalization, where no country can fully function in isolation from other countries, the transport sector is crucial for the development of trade. Without adequate transport infrastructure, national and international trade would be almost impossible, and developing countries would find it significantly more difficult to integrate into the global economy. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of the development of transport and transport systems for the economy at the national and global level.
THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON SMALL BUSINESS - THE CASE OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN SOME COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
Authors: Bakiji Merita
Published: November 2022

Small manufacturing businesses as well as small businesses in the service sector have always been typical economic entities of market economies in every country of the world. They make a great contribution to job creation, especially through self-employment. So small business offers more employment opportunities than big business. This means that they significantly affect the reduction of the unemployment rate through the contribution to the overall development of the economy. So, small business is considered as the driving force of economic development, therefore any shock to the economy caused by various factors, directly affects the activity and activity of any small business.

The global economy is continuing to suffer the consequences of the major shock caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The crisis caused by COVID-19 has affected many sectors, but from the data we have, in reality the most affected sectors are tourism and other related services, but also the manufacturing and export industries. This is caused as a result of numerous restrictions between different countries of the world. The impact on the economy has been serious enough due to restrictions on movement which have led to a reduction in demand but also supply as a result of limited labor supply and due to difficulties in securing raw materials. The largest percentage of firms in each country were forced to close their business activity, while the rest that continued to remain open have experienced significant declines. So, most businesses have suffered significant revenue losses due to the COVID-19 crisis. Various data and analyzes have shown that small business is more and more severely affected than large business. Total closure for a long period has resulted in a huge loss and fears that a second wave of closure could be fatal for small business. Larger layoffs are observed in small enterprises due to their inability to keep their employees in the workplace. In addition to this concern, the concern of the manufacturing sector is the loss of production capacity.

Understanding the importance and value of small business in the economy as a whole, this research aims to gather evidence regarding the possible effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on business and its activity as well as to reveal the negative effects as a result of the shock caused by the recent global economic crisis. This study was undertaken to obtain a concise overview of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on small enterprises in several countries of the world used as valuable examples to clarify the negative impact on these businesses.
BARRIERS OF SME'S IN KOSOVO
Authors: Draga Edona
Published: November 2022

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) play a very important role for the economic success of any country, due to their contribution to the functioning of the economic network, job creation, development of entrepreneurial skills, innovation and the improvement of economic well-being. For the functioning and development of SMEs also plays an important role their financing, which is defined as key factors for the functioning of the business, as well as for its long-term development. Despite their importance in the economy, they face a number of obstacles that affect their development, where in most research of SMEs in Kosovo access to finance is considered as the main barrier. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the barriers faced by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kosovo during the exercise of their business activity and is based on quantitative data using the quantitative method. Data collection was conducted through a survey conducted with 200 SMEs and the instrument used for data collection is the questionnaire. Assessing barriers to doing business by businesses themselves is an important insight which serves various entrepreneurs in an effort to improve the business environment. Despite the importance of small and medium enterprises in their role in the economic development of the country, we can say that the business environment has not always been favorable for these enterprises. From this research we can conclude that small enterprises in our country are not sufficiently developed they face many problems during the development of their activity. The study concludes with a number of conclusions, where these can address a large number of obstacles faced by businesses on the path of doing business in Kosovo, trying to create a conducive environment in which companies can be helped to overcome, or face these obstacles.
Mapping Potential Tourist Attractions in The Southern West Bandung Regency Area
Authors: Salam Dicky Arsyul
Published: November 2022

West Bandung Regency is working hard to develop tourism in the southern region as a "sleeping and marginalized" area to become an up-and-coming destination for both domestic and foreign tourists. In addition to adopting the concept of territoriality, tourism planning in West Bandung Regency also applies an approach based on groupings of resources owned. In order to accelerate tourism development in the South West Bandung Regency area, this study seeks to convey the results of a study on mapping the potential for tourist attractions. An analytical tool in the form of a Point Rating System (PRS) is used to assess various aspects of tourism in these areas. Based on the analysis results, three areas of 3 different development priorities are revitalization of tourism destinations, development of tourism destinations, and pioneering tourism destinations. In conclusion, policy and regulatory aspects are very important in constructing the integrated tourism development of the Southern West Bandung Regency. Some aspects that need to be considered in development in the South West Bandung Regency include accessibility, connectivity, and infrastructure provision.
Local Employment in Tourist Attraction: A Community Perspective
Authors: Rizka Rachim Amanda
Published: November 2022

Participation of local communities is a criterion that is often agreed upon as an important condition for the development and sustainability of all forms of tourism. Local employment becomes one form of recruitment that tourist attractions often carry out. However, increasing local participation in tourism often creates friction between tourist attractions and residents. This research aims to explore local participation in The Lodge Maribaya, one of the popular tourist attractions in Bandung West Java, by investigating factors influencing the community's support for local employment in the area. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire from 59 employees who are locals in the area. The confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to test the construct validity and reliability of the model. At the same time, Partial Least Squares (PLS) modeling was employed to assess the relationship among the variables. This study has found that community attachment and perceived benefits play an important role in the community's support in The Lodge Maribaya in terms of their participation in local employment. The strong community attachments and the considerable benefits perceived by the community are cogitated to be the main factors in The Lodge Maribaya's success in employing local workers. By investigating this perspective, this study is expected to provide insights on how to increase local participation in employment and anticipate the aspect that may hinder the process
SEX-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN THE LEVELS OF URINE 6-SULFATOXYMELATONIN IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS
Authors: Kuzienkova Hanna
Published: November 2022

Background. The sex-related differences of the urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin have not been studied in premature infants yet. The purpose of the work was to measure the daily urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in premature infants with a very low birth weight.

Materials and Methods. Fifty premature infants (28 males and 22 females) with gestational age less than 33 weeks and body weight from 999 g to 1499 g were involved in the study. Urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin was assessed using urine collection on the 1st day and on the 10th‒14th days of life.

Results. The level of urine 6-sulfatoxymelatonin on the 1st day of life showed a significant increase in its excretion in females compared to males. The median values in males were 202.0 (95% CI 77.1–390.9) pg/ml and in females 437.0 (279.6–501.0) pg/ml, p=0.0103. Its level on the 10th–14th days of life significantly decreased both in males 57.0 (95 % СІ 45,0–99.7) pg/ml, p=0.0028 and in females 90.0 (51.9–160.7) pg/ml, p=0.0021 without differences in sex-related distribution, p=0.3940.

Conclusions. The melatonin metabolite as urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin in premature infants with a very low birth weight demonstrates sex-related differences with significant increase in females compared to males on the 1st day of life and no sex-related difference on the 10th–14th days of life. The trend of reduced pineal function is a key point in understanding the neuroendocrine reactivity in male preterms. Future investigation of sex-related aspects of urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in children, especially premature infants, is required.
La explotación de hidrocarburos no convencionales en la Patagonia Norte
Authors:   , Acacio Juan Antonio
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de esta tesis es analizar la dinámica que adquirió el conflicto por la expansión de energías extremas en torno a la explotación de hidrocarburos no convencionales mediante la técnica del fracking, o fractura hidráulica, en la provincia de Neuquén. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa, este trabajo coloca en diálogo diferentes escenarios contenciosos, teniendo en cuenta el entramado de actores presentes en cada uno de ellos, haciendo hincapié en la dimensión territorial y ambiental de cada uno de los conflictos elegidos. A lo largo del trabajo planteamos un análisis de los diagnósticos que realizan los distintos actores que se oponen a la instalación de los proyectos hidrocarburíferos no convencionales, sobre la base de problemas que requieren de la intervención estatal para su resolución. Buscamos recuperar los procesos de organización y de acción colectiva que los actores involucrados llevan a cabo para hacer evidente en el espacio público los problemas que los aquejan, en interacción con las empresas y distintos sectores estatales. Articulamos en nuestro análisis diferentes dimensiones para comprender las formas de uso y de ocupación territorial que tienen los actores que intervienen en los procesos contenciosos, dando cuenta de los diversos sentidos que se ponen en juego sobre el territorio, sobre los bienes comunes y el ambiente en cada caso.
The Performances of Gelman-Rubin and Geweke's Convergence Diagnostics of Monte Carlo Markov Chains in Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Du Han , Ke Zijun , Jiang Ge , Huang Sijia
Published: November 2022

Bayesian statistics have been widely used given the development of Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques and the growth of computational power. A major challenge of Bayesian methods that has not yet been fully addressed is how we can appropriately evaluate the convergence of the random samples to the target posterior distributions. In this paper, we focus on Gelman and Rubin's diagnostic (PSRF), Brooks and Gleman's diagnostic (MPSRF), and Geweke's diagnostics, and compare the Type I error rate and Type II error rate of seven convergence criteria: MPSRF>1.1, any upper bound of PSRF is larger than 1.1, more than 5% of the upper bounds of PSRFs are larger than 1.1, any PSRF is larger than 1.1, more than 5% of PSRFs are larger than 1.1, any Geweke test statistic is larger than 1.96 or smaller than -1.96, and more than 5% of Geweke test statistics are larger than 1.96 or smaller than -1.96. Based on the simulation results, we recommend the upper bound of PSRF if we only can choose one diagnostic. When the number of estimated parameters is large, between the diagnostic per parameter (i.e., PSRF) or the multivariate diagnostic (i.e., MPSRF), we recommend the upper bound of PSRF over MPSRF. Additionally, we do not suggest claiming convergence at the analysis level while allowing a small proportion of the parameters to have significant convergence diagnosis results.
Designing water supply and wastewater disposal systems in conditions of fuzzy values of prospective water consumption and population base
Authors: Чупин Р.В. , Мороз М.В. , Чупин В.Р.
Published: November 2022

Проектирование городских систем водоснабжения и водоотведения связано с преодолением различных неопределенностей экономического, технического, природного и антропогенного характера. Наиболее значимыми из них являются расчетные нагрузки по объему потребления воды и отведения сточной жидкости, а также численность населения, которое будет пользоваться этими коммунальными услугами в будущем. По этой причине в СП 31.13330.2021 рекомендуются не конкретные величины, а интервал значений удельных расходов воды, например 165–180 л/(сут·чел.). Какое из них принимать в расчетах – проблема. При этом проектировщики должны понимать, что риски, которые возникают в случае завышения или занижения расчетных нагрузок, очень велики, поскольку в том и другом случае потребуется реконструкция с огромными финансовыми вложениями. Предлагается новый подход к обоснованию параметров систем водоснабжения и водоотведения, основанный на нечетком представлении перспективной численности населения и удельного водопотребления. Этот подход базируется на исследовании области неопределенности путем разбивки ее на интервалы, имеющие весовые функции принадлежности, а также на применении методов теории принятия решения на основе матрицы финансовых рисков. При этом риски оцениваются через стоимость жизненного цикла при различных сценариях реализации проекта. Разработанный подход рекомендуется использовать при обосновании параметров перспективных схем водоснабжения и водоотведения.

Designing municipal water supply and wastewater disposal systems is associated with overcoming various uncertainties of an economic, technical, natural and anthropogenic nature. The most significant of these are the design loads in terms of water consumption and wastewater disposal, as well as the population base that will use these utilities in future years. For this reason, CP 31.13330.2021 recommends not specific values, however, a range of values for specific water consumption, for example, 165–180 l/(day·person). Which one shall be taken into account is the problem. At the same time, designers must understand that the risks that arise in case of overestimation or underestimation of design loads are very high, since in both cases reconstruction will be required involving huge financial investments. A new approach is proposed to substantiate the parameters of water supply and wastewater disposal systems based on a fuzzy representation of the prospective population base and specific water consumption. This approach is based on the study of the area of uncertainty by dividing it into intervals with weighted membership functions, as well as on the application of decision theory methods based on the financial risk matrix. Herewith, the risks are estimated through the life cycle cost under various project implementation scenarios. The developed approach is recommended to be used while substantiating the parameters of prospective water supply and wastewater disposal schemes.
Comparison of switching performance of high-speed GaN vertical MOSFETs with various gate structures based on TCAD simulation
Authors: Ishida Takashi , Kachi Tetsu , Suda Jun
Published: November 2022

To evaluate the impact of gate structures on the switching performance (R
on
Q
g) and cost (required chip size, proportional to R
on
A) of GaN vertical MOSFETs, we calculated the R
on
AR
on
Q
g of trench-gate structures with and without a countermeasure to reduce the electric field applied to the gate insulator, as well as a planar structure with various cell pitches, channel mobilities, and blocking voltages. When the blocking voltage was 600 V, the planar-gate structure achieved the lowest R
on
AR
on
Q
g owing to its low Q
g/A, despite the high R
on
A. However, when the blocking voltage was 1800 V, a trench-gate structure without the countermeasure achieved the lowest R
on
AR
on
Q
g owing to its low R
on
A and optimal cell pitch. The R
on
AR
on
Q
g of a trench-gate structure with a countermeasure and planar-gate structure became close with increasing channel mobility. This indicates that high channel mobility is the most important factor, rather than the selection of the device structure.
Significant improvement of endurance of Si FeFET through minor hysteresis loop and narrow write pulse width
Authors: Duan Jiahui , Xu Hao , Xiang Jinjuan , Wang Xiaolei , Wang Wenwu
Published: November 2022

The HfO2-based Si ferroelectric field-effect transistor has been proposed as an emerging memory device due to its low write power, high speed, CMOS compatibility, and scalability. While the poor endurance limits its application, which is attributed to charge trapping and defect generation. In this work, we investigate the effect of the minor loop operation on defect generation. We find that using a minor loop operation, the trap generation is suppressed, which is quantitively extracted by the low-frequency noise method. We get the endurance of 6 × 107 cycles for Si FeFET with a Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 ferroelectric layer through minor hysteresis loop operation.
Efforts to Prevent COVID-19 in Penyak Village: Implementation of KKN-Thematic during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Afriani Fitri
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 pandemic is a global problem that affects various sectors of life and the Republic of Indonesia's Government has implemented a New Habit Adaptation program. Penyak Village is one of the villages in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province, where most people work as fishermen and farmers. It causes the majority of the community to work from outside the home. One of the activity programs of Universitas Bangka Belitung in response to COVID-19 is the implementation of KKN-Thematic to focus on efforts to prevent COVID-19. For Penyak Village, the KKN-Thematic program is carried out in several stages such as (i) preparation, (ii) preparing equipment to be given to the community, (iii) making video tutorials for making hand-sanitizers and masks, (iv) distributing health protocol equipment and counseling, and (v) evaluation. From the results, most community and village officials respond well to the activities that have been carried out.
Indonesian Learning Model Training For Elementary School Teacher
Authors: Hamdani Agus , Asmaniah Zainah , Indriyani Iin , Saepuloh Muhammad Fahhmi , Suhartati Suhartati
Published: November 2022

Abstract

One of the indicators of student success in learning is the use of interesting and varied learning methods. Therefore, teachers must learn and improve their abilities regarding the selection and use of learning methods. In this regard, a training on the development and use of the Indonesian language learning model was held for school teachers. The training technique is carried out in three stages, namely, introduction, design, and simulation. Meanwhile, the learning models given are Firing Line, Make a Match, Window Shopping, and Number Head Together learning models. The number of participants who attended and the high enthusiasm of participants during the training proved that this training activity provided benefits for elementary school teachers to develop their abilities, especially in the selection and use of learning methods.

 

Abstrak

Keberhasilan siswa dalam pembelajaran salah satu indikatornya adalah penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang menarik dan bervariatif. Oleh karena itu, guru harus mempelajari dan meningkatkan kemampuannya terkait pemilihan dan penggunaan metode pembelajaran. Berkenaan dengan hal tersebut, maka diadakan sebuah pelatihan pengembangan dan penggunaan model pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia bagi guru sekolah. Teknik pelatihan dilaksanakan dengan tiga tahapan, yaitu, pengenalan, rancangan, dan simulasi. Sedangkan, model-model pembelajaran yang diberikan adalah  model pembelajaran Firing Line, Make a Match, Window Shoping, dan Number Head Together. Banyaknya peserta yang hadir dan antusias peserta yang tinggi saat mengikuti pelatihan membuktikan, bahwa kegiatan pelatihan ini memberikan manfaat bagi guru sekolah dasar untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dirinya terutama dalam pemilihan dan penggunaan metode pembelajaran.