bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of frailty on perioperative outcomes in patients receiving short-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion: a stepwise propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Lu Shibao , Cui Peng , Wang Peng , Wang Jinlin , Liu Xu , Kong Chao
Published: April 2022

Background There were many literatures reporting the impact of frailty on postoperative complications, however, studies according to stepwise propensity score matching (PSM) to offset the influence of age were limited.Methods We gathered data for all patients undergoing short-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion from January to December 2021. Accroding to Fried frailty phenotype, we segragated patients into three groups (not-frailty, pre-frailty, and frailty), then, stepwise propensity score matching for age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and fusion levels were performed to keep comparable clinical data between groups. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the impact of clinical demographics on postoperative complications.Results A total consecutive 559 patients with complete medical records were enrolled (237 males and 322 females; mean age 72.55 ± 5.86 years). After PS matching, we found pre-frail patients were more vulnerable to develop urinary retention ( p = 0.031 ) and surgical site infection ( p = 0.021 ) than non-frail patients. Meanwhile, longer length of stay (LOS), ambulation time and removal of urinary catheter time were observed in pre-frail patients. However, there was significant difference only in LOS between pre-frail and frail patients. Binary logistic regression revealed that C-reaction protein (CRP) and frailty status were independently associated with postoperative complications between non-frail and pre-frail patients, while only CRP was independently correlated with that of between pre-frail and frail patients.Conclusions In this study, after PS matching, we found higher rate of urinary retention and surgical site infection in pre-frail patients than that of non-frail patients. CRP was independently related to postoperative complications, while frailty status was only independently associated with postoperative complications between pre-frail and non-frail patients. And pre-frail/frail patients tended to have severer stress response than that of non-frail patients.
A Study on Impact of Emotional Intelligence of Retail Investors on Investment Decisions
Authors: awalakki Manjunath
Published: April 2022

A retail investor is a shareholder who buys stocks for his or her own personal account rather than for the benefit of the firm. Investment selections have become more important as a nation's job prospects and economic development have increased. Working people's capacity and desire to save and invest their money for returns has increased as a result of increased awareness of investment opportunities. Due to the liberalization of the Indian financial industry, there has been an amazing rise in the investment sector in terms of both volume and number of investors in India during the last decade. There is a flood of varied investment products with a plethora of possibilities to entice people to invest. In India, the number of regional stock exchanges has grown. Typically, investment choices are made using basic or technical approaches. However, in many circumstances, investors make investing decisions based on their emotions. This study analyses the impact of several elements such as biased representation, mental accounting, and risk aversion on the execution of an investment choice. Retail investment has experienced a meteoric rise in recent decades. The financial sector of every country is critical to the success and growth of other sectors of the economy, and this is especially true in developing economies. An effort was made to measure Emotion Regulation, Emotion Use or Motivation, Social Aptitudes, Loss Aversion, Status Quo, Endowment, Regret Aversion, Self-Care, and Investment Decisions. The regression findings revealed that Retail investors' Emotional Intelligence had a beneficial influence on investing decisions.
Qualitative study on the life dilemmas faced by long-term survivors of primary central nervous system germ cell tumors from a social ecological perspective
Authors: Bai Lan , zhou 周志欢 , Qin Huiying , Zhao Qinqin
Published: April 2022

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the life dilemmas of long-term survivors of central nervous system germ cell tumors based on the Social Ecological Model and provide a reference for targeted interventions.
Methods
A semi-structured interview was conducted on 14 survivors of central nervous system germ cell tumors. The questions were based on the Social Ecological Model. Data were transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method.
Results
Three themes were identified in this study. In the macro system, the physical and mental state of long-term survivors is affected by the disease and treatment, and the quality of life was poor. In the mezzo system, friendly work and community environments were included, but resources were scarce. Moreover, the support system in macro system was weak.
Conclusion
The social ecological system for long-term survivors of central nervous system germ cell tumors was poor. The society should pay attention to the survivors’ physical and mental health to promote better integration into society.
Prospective Changes in Diastolic Function in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Park Elizabeth , Ito Kazato , Iqbal Rabia , Amigues Isabelle , Bokhari Sabahat , Eyk Jennifer , Depender Christopher , Giles Jon T. , Bathon Joan
Published: April 2022

Background: Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is more prevalent in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to the general population. However, its evolution over time and its significant clinical predictors, remain uncharacterized. We report on baseline and prospective changes in diastolic function and its associated RA and cardiovascular (CV) predictors.Methods: In this study, 158 RA patients without clinical CV disease (CVD) were enrolled and followed up at 4 to 6 years, undergoing baseline and followup echocardiography to assess for DD, as well as extensive characterization of RA disease activity and CV risk factors. Novel measures of myocardial inflammation and perfusion were obtained at baseline only. Using baseline and followup composite DD (E/e’, Left Atrial Volume Index(LAVI) or peak Tricuspid Regurgitation(TR) velocity; ≥ 1 in top 25%) as the outcome, multivariable regression models were constructed to identify predictors of DD.Results: DD was prevalent in RA patients without clinical heart failure (HF) (40.7% at baseline), and significantly progressed on followup (to 57.9%). Baseline composite DD was associated with baseline RA disease activity (Clinical Disease Activity Index;CDAI) (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.02-1.90; p=0.034). Several individual diastolic parameters (baseline E/e' and LAVI) were associated with troponin-I and Brain Natiuretic Peptide (BNP). Baseline and followup composite DD, however, were not associated with myocardial inflammation, myocardial microvascular dysfunction, or subclinical atherosclerosis.Conclusions: DD is prevalent in RA patients without clinical HF and increases to >50% over time. Higher RA disease activity at baseline predicted baseline composite DD. Future longitudinal studies should explore whether adverse changes in diastolic function lead to clinical HF and are attenuated by disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
Etiology Model for Elevated Histamine Levels Driving High Reactogenicity Vaccines (including COVID-19) Associated Menstrual Adverse Events
Authors: Ricke Darrell O.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Some women are experiencing menstrual changes, including altered menstrual duration, volume (heavier bleeding), increased dysmenorrhea, and worsened premenstrual syndrome (PMS) following Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spike vaccinations. Appreciation of these as temporal adverse events associated with COVID-19 spike vaccinations was slow to develop. The etiology of these menstrual adverse events associated with COVID-19 spike vaccination remains unknown. Methods: The United States Department of Health and Human Services Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database was data mined for data reported adverse events affecting menstrual cycles by vaccine type.Hypothesis: This article proposes the hypothesis that vaccinations can induce a temporary surge in histamine levels immediately post vaccination as part of the innate immune response. Increasing histamine levels is known to increase estrogen levels. Further, it is proposed that this temporary surge in histamine levels causes temporary Histamine Intolerance in some women and causes the menstrual adverse events temporally associated with vaccinations.Conclusion: Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of vaccinees with diamine oxidase and/or specific antihistamines may reduce the incidence rate and/or severity of menstrual adverse events associated with vaccines with high reactogenicity, including SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and boosters. This model predicts menstrual associated adverse events incidence levels correspond to vaccine reactogenicity.
Oxidative stress-induced by 30 days of mercury exposure triggers acceleration of hypertension development in prehypertensive young SHR rats
Authors: Ronchetti Graziele Zandominegue , Simões Maylla Ronacher , Schereider Ingridy Reinholz Grafites , Leal Marcos André Soares , Peçanha Giulia Alessandra Wiggers , Padilha Alessandra Simão , Vassallo Dalton Valentim
Published: April 2022

Mercury is considered a risk factor for hypertension development and other cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: We investigated whether the effects of mercury exposure on hemodynamic parameters of young Wistar and prehypertensive SHR animals might influence the time course of hypertension development. Main methods: Young (4 weeks) male Wistar and SHR rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: untreated Wistar rats (Wistar Ct), Wistar rats exposed to mercury chloride (Wistar Hg); untreated SHR rats (SHR Ct) and SHR rats exposed to mercury chloride (SHR Hg) for 30 days. Non-invasive and invasive arterial pressure were measured to investigate pressure reactivity; nitrite/nitrate levels, ACE activity, and lipid peroxidation were measured in plasma. Results: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of Wistar groups did not change but increased in SHR from the second week to the last one. Hg exposure accelerated the increase of SBP in SHR rats. L-NAME administration increased SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in all groups, but this increase was smaller in SHR animals exposed to Hg. A decrease of plasma nitrite and nitrate in SHR Hg group suggested that mercury reduced NO bioavailability. Tempol reduced blood pressure, suggesting that the superoxide anion played a role in the marked increase of this parameter. These findings provide evidence that the effects of exposure to Hg might trigger mechanisms to accelerate the hypertension development including NO bioavailability reduction. Therefore, mercury might enhance the risk to cardiovascular disorders not only for adults but also for pre-disposed young ones enhancing hypertension development.
Current attitudes toward neuroanatomy: a comparative cross-sectional survey of neurosurgeons from the United Kingdom and around the world.
Authors: Pandit Anand S , Joshi Shivani , Khan Mehdi , Jelen Maria B
Published: April 2022

Objective: How attitudes towards neuroanatomy and preferences of studying resources vary by grade or geographical location amongst neurosurgeons is currently unknown. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anatomy learning habits is also yet to be elucidated. In this study we explore these objectives, aiming to guide the development of future neurosurgeon-tailored anatomy education and resources.Methods: This was a 2-stage, cross-sectional survey. A local pilot survey was followed by a structured 17-item questionnaire which was distributed to neurosurgical trainees and consultants via social media, newsletters, and mailing lists. Survey data was collected from 20/09/2021 to 20/12/2021. Grade and nationality differences in sentiment agreement and frequency were statistically compared.Results: A total of 365 responses were received, with an overall survey response rate of 23.2% (25% U.K. response rate; 15.2-30.7% international response rate). Overall, neuroanatomy is highly regarded among most neurosurgeons and takes a central role in their professional identity. Yet, 69% of neurosurgeons stated they would like to spend more time learning neuroanatomy. Frequent prompts to study included perceived operative complexity (90%), lack of familiarity (92%) and teaching (89%) whereas factors such as operative responsibility and patient risk significantly varied by grade. Grade-dependent obstacles limiting neuroanatomy learning included financial barriers and lack of motivation, with personal commitments barriers significantly varying across geographical location. Surgical relevance (89%), accessibility (90%) and image quality (90%) were important factors when selecting anatomy resources, with cost and up-to-datedness being significantly more important to trainees than consultants. Online image searches, case-based and multidisciplinary discussions were the most frequently used learning method outside of theater. Finally, the COVID-19 pandemic saw a shift towards online or virtual resources, whilst also causing a greater impact on neuroanatomy learning amongst trainees and U.K.-based neurosurgeons.Conclusions: Attitudes towards neuroanatomy and preferences of resources vary by grade and location of neurosurgeons. Although neuroanatomy is a highly regarded, barriers exist which impede those who wish to pursue further neuroanatomy learning. Neurosurgical training programs should tailor anatomy education according to the seniority and background of their residents. Furthermore, resources that are surgically relevant, accessible and of high image-quality or more likely to be better utilized. Remedial learning after the COVID-19 pandemic must account for persistent gaps in teaching, utilizing cadaveric and operative exposure which cannot be replicated virtually.
Root Foraging Precision: Do Experimental Conditions Matter?
Authors: Stiblíková Pavlína , Weiser Martin
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Root foraging precision, i.e., preferential root proliferation in nutrient-rich patches in heterogeneous soil, contributes significantly to plant nutrient acquisition. The ability to forage is usually studied experimentally, but often under different conditions. It remains unclear whether different experimental conditions affect root foraging precision. We studied the effect of experiment duration, pot size and method of root separation (inclusion or exclusion of coarse roots) on root foraging precision and its estimation. This allowed us to comment upon the appropriateness of using root foraging as species-specific values in databases and meta-analyses.Methods: We cultivated three perennial species in pots with spatially heterogeneous nutrient supplies and manipulated the experiment duration (4 – 10 weeks). We partly replicated the experiment in two consecutive years. In two of the three species, we compared outcomes when root types were separated and unseparated, and for one species, we also manipulated pot size. We assessed the effects of the manipulated factors on foraging precision expressed as the ratio of root biomass in nutrient-rich and poor patches.Results: Root foraging precision was not affected by experiment duration or pot size. Separating roots to use only the fine ones for root foraging assessment amplified foraging precision values and reduced their intraspecific variation.Conclusions: Our study investigated various methods of root foraging research and their impact on root foraging precision. Root foraging precision is invariable to the studied factors; therefore, it is suitable as a species-specific trait if other factors (such as nutrient patch characteristics) are considered.
TERMINOLOGY AS AN OBJECT OF PROFESSIONAL DISCOURSE RESEARCH
Authors: Shchyhlo Larysa , Chaika Yurii , Chaika Tatyana
Published: April 2022

The article focuses on the on terminological derivation of modern English-language economic discourse terminology as one of the ways of English word-stock enriching, studies structure of multicomponent terminological phrases in the mentioned sphere. The main ways of the terminological derivation are the following: terminologization, terminological derivation, borrowing a term from another language, literal translation, abbreviation. The study distinguishes two-, three-, four-, five-, six- and seven-component terminological units. The results of the study indicate a high productivity of two-component terminological phrases. The problem of gaining the equivalency during translation of English economic terms is also dealt with. The differences of the terminological systems of source and target languages cause some problems during translation of economic terminological units. This causes the necessity for study of terminological systems and looking for strategies of translation of partially equivalent and non-equivalent lexis. Establishing the differences in the conceptual systems expressed by terms of a source language and a target one, that enables their usage in the particular sphere, is a major step towards interlingual harmonization of terminological systems (in this particular case, the English and Ukrainian economic terminological systems). Also in the article analyses and generalizes the basic theoretical approaches to description of conceptual and structural organization of terminology, interprets such concept as “term” and highlights its character, establishes the meaning of such concepts as “terminology”, “terminological system” and “terminological field” and their relationship.
TRENDS LITERATURE OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY: «WORKING NOVEL», MINIMALISM, «NEW WAVE»
Authors: Kryvorouchko Svitlana , Rychkova Larysa , Karpenko Olena
Published: April 2022

In Ukrainian literary studies, the idea was formed that «Western» literaturethe second half of the 20th century inherent aesthetics of postmodernism. However, the question arises: is this process homogeneous? Branching aesthetics of literary works 2 half of the 20th century is a scientific problem that needs to be understood. This is important because it requires a theoretical basis for the study of individual personalities / writers whose individual style have common points of intersection with general world artistic landmarks. The purpose of the article is to try to form a «system» of directions and currents of the the second half of the 20th century. This is the first approximation to a scientific problem. We used comparative-historical and typological methods, a systematic approach to achieve the purpose. In the postmodern era – the second half of the 20th century, the feeling of unconscious fear of the individual before the development of scientific technologies, before the nuclear threat is reflected. The trends of the «working novel», the current of «neorealism», the current of «new wave», the group of «minimalism» were formed in the literature of the the second half of the 20th century, they are not included in the discourse of postmodernism and post-avant-garde, because in these works there is a realistic chronotope. Here a new type of hero is formed and the moral and ethical problems of the «average» ordinary person, which does not succeed, are raised. The consciousness of the characters disintegrates, they are unable to comprehend either their ideas or the statements of others. They have no strength and energy at all. Boredom sometimes pushes them to action, which reflects the trends of the time. Intellectuals are presented as psychologically dead people who are incapable of anything, empty, doomed. The individualism of the hero raises the problem of isolation and disunity of people in a narrow domestic and broad historical context. The social problems of the «workers' novel», the «new wave», minimalism and neorealism contributed to the introduction and use of the border 20th-21th centuries by writers the realistic chronotope in the trend of «critical fiction»
STYLISTIC AND FUNCTIONAL PECULIARITIES OF TECHNICAL ADVERTISEMENT TEXTS
Authors: Podolkova Svitlana
Published: April 2022

Intensive exchange of scientific and technical information, important role of English in the intercultural scientific communication actualize the task to provide the information easy to read and analyze. The paper deals with stylistic and functional peculiarities of modern English scientific and technical texts, namely of technical advertisement texts. The functions of English scientific and technical texts are analyzed. The article presents the analysis of the linguistic and extra linguistic means of realization of the text communicative function. Our research has shown that the main features of technical advertisement texts are objectivity, accurate and logical expressing, reliability and clarity. Emotionality and expressiveness are contrasting phenomenon in the texts of this genre. The purpose of technical advertisement texts was determined taking into consideration that the newest achievements and results of studies are presented in the most effective and convincing way affecting the reader’s mind and emotions. The author’s intention is to arouse the interest of the addressee, make them believe the author, urge them to act. The research proves that the influence on the readers is carried out by the use of epistemic and linguistic means. The epistemic means appeal to the special background knowledge of the addressee and include reliable scientific and technical facts. The obtained results show that the use of the emotional and expressive linguistic means has effect on the reader’s emotions, provides vividness and expressiveness to written communication. Emotional and expressive coloring is achieved by the use of syntactical structures of contrast and comparison, rhetorical questions, emphatic constructions, syntactical parallelism, subjunctive and imperative mood. The use of figurative linguistic means (metaphors, comparisons, idiomatic expressions) serves the expressiveness of the presentation in the text. We have come to the conclusion that functions of information and influence are closely connected, but here the information function prevails. Linguistic means of influence play an auxiliary, though important role: technical advertisement texts are characterized by combination of emotional, expressive and evaluative connotations with factual information.
RESEARCH ON THE MOTION RESPONSE OF AQUACULTURE SHIP AND TANK SLOSHING UNDER ROLLING RESONANCE
Authors:   College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China, Hui Li , Zhiyong Sun , Bingbing Han , Yuhang Shao , Baoli Deng
Published: April 2022

The double-row and double-chamfered aquaculture tank is a special tank structure of the aquaculture ship. The tank sloshing of this structure is coupled with the hull motion, which has an important impact on the safety of the hull motion. In the present study, research on the tank sloshing and hull motion response of aquaculture ships was conducted based on the model seakeeping and tank sloshing tests in regular waves. The test results were compared with the numerical simulation results of solid loading without sloshing. The results showed that the numerical simulation of the pitch motion was consistent with the amplitude-frequency response curve of the experimental results. Under certain transverse wave conditions, a large discrepancy existed between the amplitude-frequency response curve of the heave motion by the numerical simulation and the test results, and the roll motion differed most from the experimental result. Severe roll resonance occurred when the wave length-ship length ratio was 0.6. The roll motion amplitude was increased by 183.2%. Therefore, compared with aquaculture ships without sloshing, the sloshing of the tank has little effect on the pitch but has a great impact on the roll and heave motions, with the most significant effect on the roll motion.
New Mineral Names: High-Pressure and Precious Minerals
Authors: Celestian Aaron J.
Published: April 2022

In this issue of New Mineral Names, a thematic approach is used to help provide context for advances and discoveries in mineralogy. Recovered high-pressure minerals are not commonplace, rare platinum group elements tend to be recovered from important ore bodies, and then there are the minerals/collections that are culturally important and significant to the history of science. Here we investigate the newly discovered high-pressure minerals and highly precious minerals: davemaoite, kaitianite, elgoresyite, oberthüite, torryweiserite, palladothallite, fleetite, tamuraite, marathonite, palladogermanite, and kernowite.
Universal Deformations
Authors: Cherman Aleksey , Jacobson Theo , Neuzil Maria
Published: April 2022

QFTs with local topological operators feature unusual sectors called
``universes,'' which are separated by infinite-tension domain walls. We show
that such systems have relevant deformations with exactly-calculable effects. These deformations allow one to dial the vacuum energy densities of
the universes. We describe applications of these deformations to confinement in 2d gauge theories, as well as a curious violation of the effective field theory naturalness principle.
Assessing the Relationship between Individual Level Dietary Intake and the Occurrence of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia and Haemorrhage among Pregnant Women in Eastern Region of Ghana: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Avoka James Atampiiga
Published: April 2022

Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (PE-E) and haemorrhage are dangerous diseases that occur in pregnancy. This study seeks to assess the relationship between individual-level dietary intake and the occurrence of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and haemorrhage among pregnant women in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The prospective cohort study involved all pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy (>28 weeks gestational age) reporting for antenatal care (ANC) in seven Hospitals in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The study used a 24-hour repeated dietary recall to elicit dietary intake information from pregnant women until delivery. The majority of pregnant women in this study had adequate consumption of phosphorus far above the RDI, coupled with an inadequate intake of calcium, excess intake of sodium, and manganese. The average dietary intake for carbohydrates in this study was rather higher than the RDA. There was a statistically significant association between PE-E and the intake of vitamin C. A statistically significant association exists between the intake of calcium and vitamin A and haemorrhage. The findings show that pregnant women who consumed adequate and excess amounts of vitamin C reduced their odds of developing PE-E by 41.7% and 39.8%, respectively. The results show that pregnant women who had an excess intake of calcium were 6.128 times the odds of developing haemorrhage compared to those who had inadequate intake. Again, pregnant women who had adequate intake of vitamin A were 4.351 times the odds of developing haemorrhage compared to those who had inadequate intake. It is recommended that more nutrition specialists to be trained and posted to counsel pregnant women on nutrition in pregnancy to avert the consequences of PE-E and haemorrhage.
Leptospirosis Diagnostic Capacity in Public Health Facilities within Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Orodi Niala
Published: April 2022

The presence of biotic and abiotic reservoirs is a possible indicator of leptospirosis occurrence in Nairobi County, which has a large proportion of informal settlements. Despite these epidemiological risk factors, little or no attention is accorded to leptospirosis. The study assessed the degree of leptospirosis diagnostic capacity in public health facilities within Nairobi County, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 133 clinicians and 15 laboratory personnel across 15 public health facilities was conducted between August and December 2019. The perception of zoonotic management was high as 95% (126) had a strong score while 5% (7) had a weak score. Healthcare facility level (χ2 (3) = 14.09, p < 0.05), professional designation (χ2 (1) = 4.26, p < 0.05) had a significant association with suspecting zoonosis. The length of service as a clinician was a significant predictor of suspecting zoonosis, Wald = 11.11, p < 0.05. Inter-agency collaboration was low as 89% (119) reported a lack of sharing zoonosis information, and only 8% (10) indicated that there was information sharing. The clinical suspicion index was low, 3.8% of the participants suspected the disease in practice, and 2.3% would consider leptospirosis in the differential diagnosis of FUO. All 15 public health facilities lacked leptospirosis laboratory diagnostic capacity. The probable diagnosis of leptospirosis is low due to a low clinical suspicion index and lack of awareness. There is a lack of laboratory diagnostic capacity. Sensitisation of clinicians and laboratory personnel is critical in increasing the diagnostic capacity of leptospirosis.
Health Care Delivery System and the Reduction of Maternal and Child Mortality in Hospitals of Makurdi Benue State Nigeria
Authors: Okpe Comfort Ene
Published: April 2022

The objectives of this publication are to find the historical background of maternal and child health care delivery, the incidence of maternal and child mortality, causes of maternal and child mortality, challenges in accessing maternal health care services of Nigeria. Data for the study were sourced from both primary and secondary means. Primary data was drawn through questionnaire and hospital records. Questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 369 respondents out of 4,740 population of staff of four purposely selected largest hospitals in Makurdi, Benue State. The sample size was determined through Taro Yamane’s formula, while the Bourley’s proportional allocation formula was used to determine the sample size per each hospital. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics like tables, percentages, mean and standard deviation, while the test of hypotheses were done through Chi-square. The analyzed result shows that; the availability of maternal and child health care services in the hospitals were poor; accessibility of maternal and child health care services was also poor; Furthermore, Maternal and infant mortality is essentially high and increasing in hospitals of Makurdi, Benue State Nigeria. Several challenges are militating against effective healthcare delivery, therefore, the study recommended, among others, that government and other stakeholders should make conscious efforts to ensure that adequate facilities, tools, and equipment are provided for the hospitals to enhance the quality of maternal and child healthcare services in the Benue State of Nigeria.
A viselkedészavart mutató tanulók jogszabályi helyzete nemzetközi kontextusban – különös tekintettel a szabályszegés következményeire
Authors: Reményi Tamás
Published: April 2022

A viselkedészavart mutató tanulók köznevelési rendszerben való helyzetét vizsgálva fontos kiindulópont, hogy a gyermekjogok szemszögéből közelítsünk ahhoz, hogy miként biztosított számukra a megfelelő oktatáshoz való jog. Tanulmányunkban ehhez elsősorban a nemzetközi jog különböző dokumentumait vesszük alapul. Az ezekben megjelenő emberi jogi elvek mentén azt vizsgáljuk, hogy ezek milyen mélységben tartalmazzák, illetve miként értelmezik és alkalmazzák azokat a megvalósítás érdekében. Tekintettel arra, hogy a vizsgálat tárgyát képező személyi kör egyrészről a gyermek, másrészről sajátos nevelési igényű tanuló, kutatásunk kiindulópontja a gyermekek jogairól szóló nemzetközi egyezmény és a fogyatékossággal élő személyek jogairól szóló egyezmény. A tanulmányban bemutatjuk, hogy az említett egyezményekben megfogalmazott jogok hogyan viszonyulnak, illetve miként valósulnak meg kifejezetten a viselkedészavart mutató tanulók inkluzív (befogadó) oktatási lehetőségei tekintetében. Kulcskérdésünk, hogy a tipikusan fejlődő tanulók számára létrehozott oktatási rendszerben ténylegesen meg tud-e valósulni a viselkedészavart mutató tanulók számára is a befogadás, és az megfelelő hatékonysággal működik-e? Az érintett személyek jogait nem csupán szűken, az oktatásra nézve értelmezzük, de vizsgálatunk tárgyává tettük a viselkedészavart mutató tanulók egészségügyi ellátását (pszichiátriai diagnózis, gyógyszeres kezelés) érintő jogi szabályozást, valamint az oktatási rendszerben gyűjtött tapasztalatok, a kriminalizálódás lehetősége és a büntetőjog összefüggéseit.
A pedagógusok folyamatos szakmai fejlődésének és tanulásának komplexitása
Authors: Rapos Nóra , Tókos Katalin , Nagy Krisztina , Eszes Fruzsina , Horváth László
Published: April 2022

Tanulmányunkban elsődleges célunk volt a pedagógusok szakmai fejlődésének és tanulásának tanuláselméleti nézőpontú értelmezése, s az ebből a perspektívából építkező hazai kutatások összegzése. A szakmai fejlődést és tanulást az egyén és a környezete dinamikus kapcsolataként értelmező megközelítésből kiindulva mutatjuk be azt a formális tanuláson túlmutató tevékenységlistát/tevékenységstruktúrát, amely alkalmas az eddig kevéssé feltárt informális tanulási folyamatok megértésére. A hazai reprezentatív mintán végzett kutatásunk alapján bemutatjuk továbbá ezen tevékenységek faktorstrukúrájának összefüggéseit a pedagógusok életkorával és azzal, hogy az életpálya mely szakaszában tartanak, továbbá végzettségükkel, munkakörükkel és szakmai közösségi kapcsolataikkal.
Az adaptív-elfogadó iskola koncepciójának alapját képező értékdimenziók megjelenése a felsőoktatási térben
Authors: Frányó Zsófia
Published: April 2022

Az adaptív-elfogadó iskola olyan intézmény, amelyre a sokféle és változó szükségletek és célok elfogadása, azok felszínre hozása, értékként kezelése, a tanulásközpontúság és az innovatív gondolkodás és cselekvés jellemző. Rapos és munkatársai (2011) a közoktatásban végzett kutatásaik során öt, hálózatosan egymásba fonódó értékdimenzióra (adaptivitás, tanulásközpontúság, kategóriák megkérdőjelezése, közösségiség, identitásalakítás) épülő, átfogó koncepciót dolgozott ki. Mivel e koncepció a felsőoktatási térben még nincs jelen, a szakirodalomelemzéssel végzett kutatás célja az adaptivitás és a tanulásközpontúság értékdimenziójának beazonosítása volt a nemzetközi felsőoktatási kutatásokban kirajzolódó fogalmak hálózatában és a felsőoktatásban lehetséges megvalósítási formák értékrendszerében. A kutatás során meghatároztam a felsőoktatási tanulástámogatás, a minőségi tanítás, a tanulásközpontúság és a tanulásközpontú kurrikulumfejlesztés értelmezési keretét, valamint a tanulásközpontúság egy jellemző elméleti rendszerét és gyakorlati megközelítését: a tanulók partneri elköteleződését. A kutatás eredményeként megállapítható, hogy a vizsgált szakirodalmi szemelvényekben nem teljeskörűen ugyan, de megjelennek az adaptív-elfogadó iskola értékdimenziói. A felismert hiányosságokra megoldásként a tanulók partneri elköteleződésének paradigmáját elmélyítő megközelítések szolgálhatnak. Kiemelten igaz ez a tanuló közösség szemlélete esetén, amely lehetőséget ad minden értékdimenzió azonosítására. Megállapítható, hogy a partneri elköteleződés nézőpontjából az adaptív-elfogadó iskola modellje alkalmazhatóvá válik a felsőoktatásra.
Friedelane Triterpenes with Cytotoxic Activity from the Leaves of Maytenus quadrangulata (Celastraceae)
Authors: de Aguilar Mariana , de Sousa Grasiely , Evangelista Fernanda , Sabino Adriano , Camargo Karen , Vieira Filho Sidney , Nunes Yule , Duarte Lucienir
Published: April 2022

Three new triterpenes, 3,4-seco-3,11β-epoxyfriedel-4(23)-en-3β-ol (1), friedelan- 3α,11β‑diol (2), 7β,26-epoxyfriedelan-3a,7a-diol (3), a mixture of two new triterpenes 3a-hydroxyfriedelan-29-yl palmitate (4) and 3α-hydroxyfriedelan-29-yl stearate (5) and eleven known compounds were obtained from the hexane extract of Maytenus quadrangulata leaves. The structures and the relative stereochemistry of the new triterpenes were established through 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral data. The hexane extract and isolated compounds were submitted to the cytotoxicity assays against leukemia (THP-1 and K562), ovarian (TOV-21G) and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines. Compounds 1, 2 and 11β-hydroxyfriedelan-3-one (15) displayed high cytotoxicity and selectivity against leukemic cells when compared to positive control cytarabine (for THP-1) and imatinib (for K562). Furthermore, compound 2 showed similar cytotoxicity and an enhanced selectivity towards ovarian and breast cells in comparison to positive control etoposide.
Comparison of electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation in removal of phosphonate chelators from water
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Yihang , Feng Mingyang , Yuan Guang-En
Published: April 2022

In this study, the performances of electrocoagulation (EC) and chemical coagulation (CC) in removing phosphonate chelators (PCs) from water were explored and compared. As the representative of PCs, nitrilotri(methylphosphonic acid) (NTMP) could be efficiently removed in acid and neutral electrolyte by Fe-EC and at the pH range of 3.0–9.0 by Al-EC process. Precipitation pH had a slight impact on NTMP removal by Fe-CC, while Al-CC process could remove NTMP effectively only at the precipitation pH of 6.0. Fe-EC and Al-CC consumed much less iron or aluminum than the corresponding Fe-CC and Al-EC processes. Part of NTMP was degraded into phosphate during Fe-EC process, and high-valent iron (Fe(VI)O2+) was identified as the key active species responsible for its degradation through quenching experiments. Coexisting substances had no obvious impact on NTMP removal in Al-EC, Fe-CC and Al-CC processes, but NO3− and CO32− inhibited significantly in Fe-EC process. The other PCs could be also removed efficiently in all EC and CC processes but 2-phosphonobutane-1, 2, 4-tricarboxylic acid. By comparison, Fe-EC process is considered as a promising technology for PCs removal from water due to its efficiency, easy accessibility and no addition of exogenous chemicals.
Mizoribine and Mycophenolate Mofetil
Authors: Ishikawa Hiroaki
Published: April 2022

Both mizoribine (MZR) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) are immunosuppressive agents that inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes selectively, via inhibition of IMPDH.

MZR is a nucleoside of the imidazole class, isolated from the culture medium of the mold Eupenicillium brefeldianum M-2166. Although this compound
has been found to have weak antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans, it has proved ineffective against experimental candidiasis. Unlike azathioprine , this compound is not taken up by nucleic acids in the cell. Instead, after phosphorylation MZR-5'-monophosphate inhibits GMP synthesis by the antagonistic blocking of IMPDH (Ki = 10 - 8 M) and GMP- synthetase (Ki =10 -5
M). The drug has been found to inhibit both humoral and cellular immunity, and on this basis it was developed in Japan as an immunosuppressant. MZR has been shown in animal experiments to lack oncogenicity, and has been shown clinically to be associated with a low incidence of severe adverse reactions. MZR has been registered in Japan for the prevention of rejection in renal transplantation, and for the treatment of lupus nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis and the nephrotic syndrome.

MMF is the morpholinoethyl ester prodrug of mycophenolic acid (MPA), which was first isolated in 1896 from the culture media of several Penicillium species. MPA has been evaluated for its unique properties as an anticancer, antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial agent , as well as for its therapeutic use in psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis. MMF was designed to enhance the oral bioavailability of the parent compound. After beneficial effects were observed in animals , the clinical efficacy of MMF as an immunosuppressant in renal transplantation was studied in the United States. In 1995 the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of MMF for the prevention of rejection in renal transplantation , the drug also available on a number of European markets.
Supramolecular Chirality in Porphyrin Self-Assembly Systems in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Travagliante Gabriele , Gaeta Massimiliano , Purrello Roberto , D’Urso Alessandro
Published: April 2022

The self-assembly process appears as a powerful and attractive strategy for constructing
complex supramolecules by the spontaneous organization of appropriate building
blocks. In this scenario, water-soluble porphyrinoids lend themselves as ideal paradigms to
disclose the self-assembly phenomenon by exploiting their well-known tendency to build aggregates
in aqueous media via weak non-covalent forces. Nevertheless, the spontaneous organization
of achiral porphyrins can result in a final chiral superstructure moving away from single-
molecule behaviour to supramolecular chirality. Therefore, over the years numerous attempts
have been implemented to investigate how a porphyrin aggregate, made up of achiral
monomers, becomes not-symmetric and which processes govern the bias for a certain enantiomeric
assembly rather than another. Thus, in this mini-review, we exclusively discuss the
main strategies for designing and building chiral aggregates in water from achiral porphyrin monomers, with particular
regard to their chiroptical features.
Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Associated
with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tian Yichen , Lei Yongrong , Fu Yuna , Sun Heng , Wang Jianhua , Xia Feng
Published: April 2022

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death,
which can be attributed to the high incidence and first diagnosis at an advanced stage. Tyrosine kinase
inhibitors (TKIs), a class of small-molecule targeting drugs, are primarily used for the clinical
treatment of HCC after chemotherapy because they show significant clinical efficacy and low incidence
of clinical adverse reactions. However, resistance to sorafenib and other TKIs, which can be
used to treat advanced HCC, poses a significant challenge. Recent mechanistic studies have shown
that epithelial-mesenchymal transition or transformation (EMT), ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters,
hypoxia, autophagy, and angiogenesis are involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, HCC cell proliferation,
and TKI resistance in patients with HCC. Exploring and overcoming such resistance
mechanisms is essential to extend the therapeutic benefits of TKIs to patients with TKI-resistant
HCC. This review aims to summarize the potential resistance mechanism proposed in recent years
and methods to reverse TKI resistance in the context of HCC.
In vitro Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Extracts from Different
Parts of Aristolochia longa L.
Authors: Beldi Hakima , Yahia Abdelouahab , Guettaf Sofiane , Bensouici Chawki , Gali Lynda
Published: April 2022

Background:

Aristolochia longa L. (Aristolochiaceae), known as Berreztam, is frequently
used in traditional medicine to manage several diseases and has been the subject of several
studies. However, its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase
(BChE) has not yet been reported. Thus, the present work aimed to study the anticholinesterase and
antioxidant activities of extracts from different parts of A. longa from the Mila region (Algeria).

Methods:

Phytochemical screening and quantitative determination of total phenolic, flavonoids,
and flavonols were performed by colorimetric methods. The antioxidant activity was evaluated
using four complementary tests (ABTS, FRAP, CUPRAC, and β-carotene-linoleic acid), and the
inhibitory effect of the extracts on AChE and BChE was carried out by Elman’s method.

Results:

Polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, and terpenes were revealed in the extracts,
while saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, anthocyanins, and mucilages were absent. The
plant was found to have high levels of phenolic compounds (values between 46.33 ± 8.39 176.56 ±
4.00 mg/g), with the leaves being found to be the richest part. Methanolic extract of leaves and
stems showed the highest antioxidant activity evaluated. The extracts showed negligible inhibitory
effect on AChE but showed a potential effect on BChE, especially the methanolic extract of roots
was the most potent (IC50=23.09 ± 1.81 μg/mL).

Conclusion:

These results suggest a possible use of the different parts of Aristolochia longa as a
source of bioactive compounds endowed with antioxidant and anti-butyrylcholinesterase properties.
DSAE-Impute: Learning Discriminative Stacked Autoencoders for Imputing
Single-cell RNA-seq Data
Authors: Gan Shengfeng , Deng Huan , Qiu Yang , Alshahrani Mohammed , Liu Shichao
Published: April 2022

Background:

Due to the limited amount of mRNA in single-cell, there are always many
missing values in scRNA-seq data, making it impossible to accurately quantify the expression of singlecell
RNA. The dropout phenomenon makes it impossible to detect the truly expressed genes in some
cells, which greatly affects the downstream analysis of scRNA-seq data, such as cell cluster analysis
and cell development trajectories.

Objective:

This research proposes an accurate deep learning method to impute the missing values in
scRNA-seq data. DSAE-Impute employs stacked autoencoders to capture gene expression characteristics
in the original missing data and combines the discriminative correlation matrix between cells to
capture global expression features during the training process to accurately predict missing values.

Method:

We propose a novel deep learning model based on the discriminative stacked autoencoders to
impute the missing values in scRNA-seq data, named DSAE-Impute. DSAE-Impute embeds the discriminative
cell similarity to perfect the feature representation of stacked autoencoders and comprehensively
learns the scRNA-seq data expression pattern through layer-by-layer training to achieve accurate
imputation.

Result:

We have systematically evaluated the performance of DSAE-Impute in the simulation and real
datasets. The experimental results demonstrate that DSAE-Impute significantly improves downstream
analysis, and its imputation results are more accurate than other state-of-the-art imputation methods.

Conclusion:

Extensive experiments show that compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the imputation
results of DSAE-Impute on simulated and real datasets are more accurate and helpful for downstream
analysis.
Optical Tree Net (OTN) Logic Circuits Using Mechanical Movable Mirrors
Authors: Chattopadhyay Tanay , Gayen Dilip Kumar
Published: April 2022

Background:

Utilizing mirror movement precisely, one can undoubtedly make a diverse
way for light. The movable mirror can be placed in the path of an optical tree net to perform different
operations.

Objective:

In this paper, we have performed different logic, arithmetic, and one-bit data comparison
operations using mechanical movable mirrors.

Methods:

Using two controls with three movable mirrors and two fixed mirrors, we can perform four
basic logic operations. Then using these four basic operations, we can design sixteen different logic
operations, a half adder, and one-bit data comparison operations.

Results:

Because of an adaptable mirror arranging and course component, expansion incidents can be
decreased to an incredibly low level. The necessary voltage is under 0.5 V. The power utilization is
about 3.5 mW for an exchanging component.

Conclusions:

Moreover, this plan is extremely straightforward in a sense and designed using linear optical
materials. The principle of operation of this circuit is based on the reflection of light from
MEMS-based optical switches.