bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viral journalism. Strategy, tactics and limitations of the fast spread of content on social media: Case study of the United Kingdom quality publications
Authors: Denisova Anastasia
Published: March 2022

Journalism has been under much strain in the recent decades. It has had to adapt to the changing rhythms of media consumption as much as to the benevolence of social media networks that constantly change algorithms of how journalism is displayed. At the same time, viral communication of all sorts – from memes to GIFs and widespread amateur entertaining videos – is seen by millions. The purpose of this article is to examine the effort of online journalism to compete with viral storytelling. ‘Viral journalism’ is defined as the strategy and tactics to promote quality media stories on the internet in order to gain maximum exposure and sharing. This phenomenon is not to be mistaken with ‘clickbait’, which entails catchy, but often misleading, headlines. This article is based on qualitative interviews with a variety of social media editors and other journalists in the UK: from The Economist to The Guardian. It reveals that quality UK media deploy a range of inventive engaging tactics, but reject virality as a long-term strategy. The media professionals interviewed raised many concerns about virality, indicating that exploiting viral technics may result in reputational damage and alienating loyal readers.
Late alveolar bone grafting in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP): Biomechanical considerations for the success of orthodontic finishing
Authors: Turri de Castro Ribeiro Tiago , Aliaga-Del Castillo Rosalinda , Ozawa Terumi Okada , Ramalho-Ferreira Gabriel , Aliaga-Del Castillo Aron , Janson Guilherme
Published: March 2022

Orthodontic treatment in patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) is challenging. Alignment of the maxillary segments and orthodontic levelling of the teeth adjacent to the cleft area are important before alveolar bone grafting (ABG), in the permanent dentition. In this clinical report, orthodontic procedures, before and after late ABG, are described as an alternative that can optimise the orthodontic and periodontal results. The gingival margins of the teeth adjacent to the cleft area were levelled. Root divergence was corrected. Interdental papilla and improvement of the periodontal condition were obtained.
“Never Battle Alone”: Egirls and the Gender(ed) War on Video Game Live Streaming as “Real” Work
Authors: Tran Christine H.
Published: March 2022

From 2018 to 2021, the “egirl” witnessed a radical shift from her origins as a sexualized slur in online gaming. Through critical discourse analysis of news media of this period, this paper interprets this transformation within two primary phenomena: (1) the growth of women game influencers who reclaimed “egirl” slurs in their self-branding and (2) the launch of “Egirl.gg,” a platform for paid gaming companions. I argue that live streaming platform Twitch.tv, and the expansive ecosystems of labor its demand from streamers, were integral to this re-authorization of who can play as themselves in a patriarchal gaming culture. Here, I extend Ergin Bulut’s framework of “ludic authorship” to delineate how stakeholders in game streaming industries masculinize the cultural labor of “authenticity.” The ambivalent embrace of “egirling” via streaming cultural logics further complicates the work of women gamers who must work harder to realize careers in platformed entertainment.
Single-Direction Approach for Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy of the Left Upper Lobe Anterior Segment With Mediastinal Lingular Artery
Authors: Sueyoshi Kuniyo , Kojima Fumitsugu , Otsubo Kosuke , Hirota Shinya , Kitamura Atsushi , Bando Toru
Published: March 2022

Thoracoscopic resection of the anterior segment of the left upper lobe (S3) is technically challenging because of the intricate hilar structure and multiple intersegmental planes to be dissected. A single-direction approach for S3 segmentectomy is a technique in which surgeons dissect the hilum structures exclusively from the ventral side without dividing the interlobar fissure. Our consecutive case series and a representative surgical video demonstrated the feasibility of this approach in cases where the lingular artery arises from the first branch of the left pulmonary artery (mediastinal lingular artery).
Effect of Perioperative Corticosteroid Administration on Early Postoperative Range of Motion and Functional Outcomes Following Dupuytren’s Fasciectomy
Authors: Kwan Stephanie A. , Tulipan Jacob E. , Hameed Daniel , Matzon Jonas L.
Published: March 2022

Background:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether perioperative corticosteroid (CS) administration improves early postoperative range of motion (ROM) and function in patients undergoing Dupuytren’s fasciectomy.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified 58 patients who underwent Dupuytren’s fasciectomy by a single fellowship-trained orthopedic hand surgeon from 2016 to 2020. During this time period, 51 digits in 34 patients received a single intraoperative dose of 10 mg of intravenous dexamethasone followed by a 6-day oral methylprednisolone taper course (CS group), and 37 digits in 24 patients did not (control group). Postoperatively, all patients started hand therapy within 1 week of surgery. At 2 and 6 weeks, patients had ROM data and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores collected by a blinded hand therapist. Paired t tests were used to compare the change in ROM and DASH scores at weeks 2 and 6.

Results:

The 2 cohorts had similar preoperative ROM. At 2 weeks postoperatively, the CS group had greater metacarpophalangeal (MP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and distal interphalangeal (DIP) flexion. There was no difference in MP, PIP, or DIP extension. At 6 weeks postoperatively, the CS group had greater PIP flexion. There was no difference between the groups in MP extension, MP flexion, PIP extension, DIP extension, or DIP flexion. Mean DASH scores were significantly lower in the CS group at weeks 2 and 6. There were no postoperative deep infections or complications requiring surgery in either group.

Conclusion:

Perioperative CS administration appears to be safe and to improve early ROM and DASH scores following Dupuytren’s fasciectomy.
Adjunctive topical oxygen therapy for wound healing in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Vulakh Gennady M , Hingorani Anil P , Ascher Enrico , Marks Natalie
Published: March 2022

Introduction

While the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been supported by randomized prospective trials for the use of selective lower extremity wounds, it is associated with significant cost, inconvenience, and a small risk of pneumothorax, barotrauma to the tympanic membrane, and severe hypoglycemia. As topical oxygen therapy (tOT) avoids these issues and there is little literature examining its use for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), we reviewed our experience with tOT as an adjunctive technique for wound healing with arterial wounds.

Methods

We reviewed our experience with tOT for lower extremity wounds over 8 years. PAD patients with non-healing ulcers were referred to tOT after having revascularization of the limb and/or debridement where appropriate. tOT was administered to affected areas 4 times a week with a local boot that delivered 100% oxygen to the wound at 1.03 atm for 90-min sessions. We had 28 patients with PAD, 57.1% male, and 36 individual wounds. Ages ranged from 37 to 93 (mean 62 ± 13.7). 82% had a history DM, 75% hypertension, and 60.7% hyperlipidemia. 78% had lower extremity arterial angioplasty and 11% had a LE bypass. The remainder had a debridement only and were not candidates for arterial revascularization

Results

tOT duration ranged from 1 to 7 months (mean 3 ± 2). 29% stopped tOT before healing. 25% healed completely. One died during follow-up. Overall, 66% had reduction of the wound area ranging from 12% to 100%. None had major limb amputation. 18% underwent toe amputations. 25% of our patients were lost to follow-up.

Conclusion

While these data are from a single-center and are single-armed, they represent the largest reported series of this therapy. This home-based therapy does show promise and warrants further investigation.
Long-term outcomes of eversion and conventional carotid endarterectomy: A multicenter clinical trial
Authors: Belov Yuri V , Kazantsev Anton N , Vinogradov Roman A , Korotkikh Alexander V
Published: March 2022

Aim

To compare the long-term results of eversion (ECEA) and conventional carotid endarterectomy (CCEA).

Methods

We designed a retrospective, multicenter study which included 25,106 patients who underwent ECEA ( n = 18,362) or CCEA ( n = 6744). The duration of follow-up was 124.7 ± 53.8 months.

Results

In the postoperative period, none of the interventions showed clear benefits reducing the frequency of complications: fatal outcome (ECEA: 0.19%, n = 36; CCEA: 0.17%, n = 12; OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.57–2.11, p = 0.89), myocardial infarction (ECEA: 0.15%, n = 28; CCEA: 0.13%, n = 9; p = 0.87; OR = 1.14; 95% CI = 0.53–2.42); acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (Group I: 0.33%, n = 62; Group II: 0.4%, n = 27; p = 0.53; OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0, 53–1.32); bleeding with acute haematoma appearance in the area of intervention (Group I: 0.39%, n = 73; Group II: 0.41%, n = 28; p = 0.93; OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0, 61–1.48); internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis (Group I: 0.05%, n = 11; Group II: 0.07%, n = 5; OR = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.28–2.32, p = 0.90). During the long-term follow-up, ECEA was associated with lower frequency of fatal outcome (ECEA: 2.7%, n = 492; CCEA: 9.1%, n = 616; OR = 0.27; 95% CI = 0.24–0.3, p < 0.0001), cerebrovascular death (ECEA: 1.0%, n = 180; CCEA: 5.5%, n = 371; OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.14–0.21, p < 0.0001), non-fatal ischaemic stroke (ECEA: 0.62%, n = 114; CCEA: 7.0%, n = 472; OR = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.06–0.1, p < 0.0001); repeated revascularization because of >60% restenosis (ECEA: 1.6%, n = 296; CCEA: 12.6%, n = 851; OR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.09–0.12, p < 0.0001), and combined endpoint (ECEA: 2.2%, n = 397; CCEA: 13.2%, n = 888; OR = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.12–1.16, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

ECEA is beneficial over CCEA in a long term.
More than interchangeable ‘local’ teachers: Host country teachers’ journeys into internationalised school teaching in China
Authors: Poole Adam
Published: March 2022

In order to address the paucity of research on Chinese teachers and to foreground their ‘Other (ed)’ ways of knowing and experiencing, this paper draws on interviews with 15 host country Chinese teachers from three internationalised schools in China. Specifically, this paper explores the participants’ pathways into internationalised schooling. These pathways include an attachment to the local, a way to escape the vicissitudes and precarity of private language school teaching, a (re)entry point for teachers returning to China after studying/working overseas, and a vehicle for social mobility. The findings suggest that host country teachers as a group are far more diverse than has been assumed, with many of teachers migrating into internationalised school teaching from other educational sectors (such as language tutoring) or non-educational sectors (such as I.T.). The findings have implications for educational policy making for internationalised schooling in China, particularly in terms of notions of professionalism and what this might mean within the context of internationalised schooling.
Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on intimate partner violence: Issues of non-reporting in Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmood Nabila , Kamruzzaman Mohammed , Rahman Aminur , Reidpath Daniel D , Akhter Sadika
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown as prevention and control measure, forced people globally to limit their movements and to stay at home for extended period of time. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of lockdown on intimate partner violence in Bangladesh.

Methods:

We conducted a secondary research by employing a Poisson regression model to estimate the effect of pandemic-led lockdown policy on the change in the number of intimate partner violence-related calls during pandemic using national emergency helpline 999 call logs. Data from January 2019 to May 2020 for 64 districts produced 1088 district-month-year observations which had been used for the main analysis.

Results:

We found a 46% decrease in the incidence rate of intimate partner violence-related calls during the pandemic after adjusting for year, month, district fixed-effects—suggesting, non-reporting of the violence might have exacerbated during lockdown.

Conclusion:

While increasing rate of intimate partner violence is one side of issue, non-reporting of it has received less attention and during the lockdown non-reporting might grow large and have severe health impacts for women.
Single-dose premedication enhances multimodal analgesia after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Kardash Kenneth , Harvey Eric , Payne Stacey , Yang Stephen Su
Published: March 2022

Background

With the current trend to reduce postoperative opioid use to enhance recovery and address perioperative opioid addiction concerns, the challenge of managing pain after total knee arthroplasty has increased. This study examined the effect of adding a preoperative medication regime to a multimodal postoperative analgesia protocol that included regional anaesthesia.

Materials and methods

Sixty patients undergoing elective first-time unilateral knee arthroplasty received celecoxib 100mg, gabapentin 600mg and dexamethasone 10mg po one hour before skin incision. They were compared to a sequential retrospective cohort of 49 patients. All patients routinely received acetaminophen 650mg po q6h, ibuprofen 400mg po q8h, patient-controlled opioid analgesia and continuous adductor canal blocks postoperatively. Pain scores and opioid consumption were recorded at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48h.

Results

Pain scores and cumulative opioid use were statistically and clinically significantly reduced at all time points up to 48h.

Conclusions

Combining preoperative oral celecoxib, gabapentin and dexamethasone had a clinically significantly effect in reducing pain scores and opioid use for at least 48h. Most of this effect is probably due to dexamethasone.
Surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: Harris Chad
Published: March 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the UK, accounting for 11% of newly diagnosed cancers (40 000 new cases each year). The highest incidence rates are seen in the over-75-year-olds. The primary treatment for two-thirds of patients who are diagnosed with CRC is surgery. GPs will come across many patients who have had CRC surgery and play a vital role in co-ordinating complex management strategies. This article will give you a brief overview of operations patients may have and provide a better understanding of what surgery for CRC means for patient care in general practice.
Quantitative analysis of the convergence between public relations and sustainability: Application in Ecuadorian, Colombian, and Chilean businesses
Authors: Durán Ana María , Vega Melita , Avila Caroline , Matus Pablo , Orozco-Toro Jaime Alberto
Published: March 2022

The present study examines the relationship between public relations management and sustainability in large companies in Ecuador, Colombia, and Chile through an analysis of the results of an online survey of 96 in-house executives who were asked about five key management variables at their companies. The authors propose indicators that enable the measurement of the convergence between these two areas of management based on the premise that the desired sustainability among the organizations is not possible if there is no public relations management that encourages communication with publics, and paves the way for this to occur. The results reflect that, on average, organizations in the three countries show an orientation towards the common good, which is the most evolved scenario in the model. Key aspects subject to improvement are also identified so that public relations efforts can support sustainability processes based on the individual reality of each company.
Community based Primary Care for Adolescents and Young Adults Transitioning From Pediatric Specialty Care: Results from a Scoping Review
Authors: Schraeder Kyleigh , Allemang Brooke , Felske Ashley N. , Scott Cathie M. , McBrien Kerry A. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Samuel Susan
Published: March 2022

Background:

Ongoing primary care during adolescence is recommended by best practice guidelines for adolescents and young adults (AYAs; ages 12-25) with chronic conditions. A synthesis of the evidence on the roles of Primary Care Physicians (PCPs) and benefits of primary care is needed to support existing guidelines.

Methods:

We used Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework, and searched databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL) for studies that (i) were published in English between 2004 and 2019, (ii) focused on AYAs with a chronic condition(s) who had received specialist pediatric services, and (iii) included relevant findings about PCPs. An extraction tool was developed to organize data items across studies (eg, study design, participant demographics, outcomes).

Results:

Findings from 58 studies were synthesized; 29 (50%) studies focused exclusively on AYAs with chronic health conditions (eg, diabetes, cancer), while 19 (33%) focused exclusively on AYAs with mental health conditions. Roles of PCPs included managing medications, “non-complex” mental health conditions, referrals, and care coordination, etc. Frequency of PCP involvement varied by AYAs; however, female, non-Black, and older AYAs, and those with severe/complex conditions appeared more likely to visit a PCP. Positive outcomes were reported for shared-care models targeting various conditions (eg, cancer, concussion, mental health).

Conclusion:

Our findings drew attention to the importance of effective collaboration among multi-disciplinary specialists, PCPs, and AYAs for overcoming multiple barriers to optimal transitional care. Highlighting the need for further study of the implementation of shared care models to design strategies for care delivery during transitions to adult care.
Understanding the Patient PPI Journey: Results of a Survey on PPI Treatment Initiation and Patient Experience
Authors: Plehhova Kate , Paquette Natalie , Gould James , Coyle Cathal
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) used in the management of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GORD) are among the most frequently prescribed classes of drug worldwide. Currently, however, physicians are prescribing PPIs for extended periods, often without an indication, which is not in line with current guidance and therefore preventing appropriate reflux management. Inappropriate or excessive PPI prescribing is becoming increasingly visible, yet there is currently little research available on the impact such current practice has on the patient experience. This study aims to understand patient attitudes toward their PPI treatment and the impact current PPI prescribing patterns have on the patient experience.

Methods:

An online survey of current and previous users of PPI for GORD was conducted in the UK and Germany. Topics covered included prior steps taken before first consultation with a physician, initial recommendations, PPI treatment initiation and duration, use of PPI, management of reflux whilst taking a PPI, stopping PPI treatment, and patient attitudes.

Results:

Among 566 patient participants (UK, n = 372; Germany, n = 194) 69% to 79% reported being prescribed medication at their first visit to a physician, of which 61% to 68% were prescribed a PPI either alone or combined with another treatment. 41% to 48% of patients answered “don’t know” when asked how long they expected to continue taking their PPI. 49% to 50% of patients currently on PPIs also reported having concerns with regards to long-term treatment. 70% of patients recalled being well informed on dosage and treatment regimens. However, other safety and usage information was reported as being less frequently discussed.

Conclusions:

Although patients reported concerns regarding ongoing long-term PPI treatment, this was not reflected in the prescribing pattern from physicians. More can be done to ensure patients are fully informed about their PPI treatment at consultation. Findings also suggest a disconnect exists between standard treatment guidelines and prescribing patterns, as experienced by patients.
Foraminal Restenosis After Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for the Treatment of Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Lee Hyeong-Joo , Cho Jae Hwan , Hwang Chang Ju , Yang Jae Jun , Lee Choon Sung , Park Sehan
Published: March 2022

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Objectives

To elucidate incidence, risk factor, and clinical effect of bone regrowth after posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF).

Methods

Ninety-eight patients who underwent PCF for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and were followed up for >2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Foraminal dimension, sagittal gap at resected area, facet thickness, lamina length, and cervical range of motion (ROM) were measured. Neck pain visual analogue scale (VAS), arm pain VAS, and neck disability index (NDI) were recorded. Radiographic measures were compared between segments with foraminal narrowing of ≥20% at the 2-years follow-up (restenosis segments) and foraminal narrowing of <20% (patent segments).

Results

Sixty-nine patients with 109 segments were included. 73.4% (80/109) of foramens demonstrated foraminal narrowing and decrease of foraminal dimension of ≥20% occurred in 30.3% (30/109). Foraminal dimension at postoperative 2-days was significantly higher in the restenosis segments ( P = .047). Furthermore, increase of foraminal dimension was significantly associated with foraminal restenosis of ≥20% ( P = .018). Facet thickness was significantly higher in the restenosis segments compared to patent segments at postoperative 2-years follow-up ( P = .038). Neck pain VAS was significantly aggravated only in the restenosis group at postoperative 2-years follow-up ( P < .001).

Conclusions

Foraminal narrowing commonly occurs after PCF due to bone healing. Bone growth occurs in all directions while medial facet growth contributes more to foraminal restenosis. Greater widening of foramen during PCF is a risk factor for postoperative foramen restenosis. Therefore, amount of bone resection should be kept optimal and excessive resection should be avoided to prevent foramen restenosis.
The Impact of Preoperative Symptom Duration on Patient Outcomes After Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Levy Hannah A. , Karamian Brian A. , Adams Alexander J. , Mao Jennifer Z. , Canseco Jose A. , Mandel Jenna , Gebeyehu Teleale F. , Harlamova Daria , Bhatt Shivangi D. , Heinle Jeremy , Kaye I. David , Woods Barrett I. , Hilibrand Alan S. , Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Schroeder Gregory D.
Published: March 2022

Study Design

Retrospective Cohort Study

Objectives

To determine if decreased preoperative symptom duration is associated with greater clinical improvement in function and myelopathic symptoms after posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF).

Methods

All patients over age 18 who underwent primary PCDF for cervical myelopathy or myeloradiculopathy at a single institution between 2014 and 2020 were retrospectively identified. Patient demographics, surgical characteristics, duration of symptoms, and preoperative and postoperative patient reported outcomes measures (PROMs) including modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Neck, VAS Arm, and SF-12 were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare change in PROMs and minimum clinically important difference achievement (%MCID) between symptom duration groups (< 6 months, 6 months–2 years, > 2 years).

Results

Preoperative symptom duration groups differed significantly by sex and smoking status. Patients with < 6 months of preoperative symptoms improved significantly in all PROMs. Patients with 6 months–2 years of preoperative symptoms did not improve significantly in mJOA, Physical Component Scores (PCS), or NDI. Patients with > 2 years of symptoms failed to demonstrate significant improvement in mJOA, NDI, or Mental Component Scores (MCS). Univariate analysis demonstrated significantly decreased improvement in mJOA with longer symptom durations. Increased preoperative symptom duration trended toward decreased %MCID for mJOA and MCS. Regression analysis demonstrated that preoperative symptom duration of > 2 years relative to < 6 months predicted decreased improvement in mJOA and NDI and decreased MCID achievement for mJOA and MCS.

Conclusion

Increased duration of preoperative symptoms (> 2 years) before undergoing PCDF was associated with decreased postoperative improvement in myelopathic symptoms.
Handle With Care: The Anterior Hip Capsule Plays a Key Role in Daily Hip Performance
Authors: Duquesne Kate , Pattyn Christophe , Vanderstraeten Barbara , Audenaert Emmanuel A.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Passive energy storage and return has long been recognized as one of the central mechanisms for minimizing the energy cost needed for terrestrial locomotion. Although the iliofemoral ligament (IFL) is the strongest ligament in the body, its potential role in energy-efficient walking remains unexplored.

Purpose:

To identify the contribution of the IFL to the amount of work performed by the hip muscles for normal, straight-level walking.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Straight-level walking of 50 healthy and injury-free adults was simulated using the AnyBody Modeling System. For each participant, the bone morphology and soft tissue properties were nonuniformly scaled. The superior and inferior parts of the IFL were represented by 2 springs each, and a linear force-strain relation was defined. A parameter study was conducted to account for the uncertainty surrounding the mechanical properties of the IFL. The work required from the gluteus, quadriceps, iliopsoas, and sartorius with and without inclusion of the IFL was calculated. Analysis of variance with subsequent post hoc paired t test was used to test the significance of IFL presence on the required mechanical work.

Results:

During walking, the strain in the IFL reached a median of 18.7% (95% CI, 8.0%-26.5%), with the largest values obtained at toe-off. With the IFL undamaged and fully operational, the effort required by the hip flexor muscles was reduced by a median of 54% (99% CI, 45%-62%) for the iliopsoas and by a median of 41% (99% CI, 27%-54%) for the sartorius muscles. The inclusion of the IFL did not significantly alter the work required by the gluteus and the quadriceps.

Conclusion:

The findings emphasized the key role the IFL plays in hip flexion by working synergistically with the hip musculature.

Clinical Relevance:

The importance of the contribution of the IFL to the hip flexors warrants careful handling and repair of these ligaments in cases of surgery and structural damage.
Consequences of Progressive Full-Thickness Focal Chondral Defects Involving the Medial and Lateral Femoral Condyles After Meniscectomy: A Biomechanical Study Using a Goat Model
Authors: Koh Jason L. , Jacob Kevin C. , Kulkarni Rohan , Vasilion Zachary , Amirouche Farid M.L.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Full-thickness chondral defects alter tibiofemoral joint homeostasis and, if left untreated, have the potential to progress to osteoarthritis.

Purpose:

To assess the effects of isolated and dual full-thickness chondral defect size and location on the biomechanical properties of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) and medial femoral condyle (MFC) during dynamic knee flexion in goat knees without menisci.

Methods:

In 12 goat knees, we created progressively increasing full-thickness circular chondral defects (3-, 5-, and 7.5-mm diameter) in the weightbearing contact area of flexion and extension in the MFC, the LFC, or both. Each knee was fixed into a custom steel frame and attached to a motor with sensors inserted intra-articularly. For each testing condition, the knee was loaded to 100 N and underwent a dynamic range of motion between 90° of flexion and 30° of extension. The following parameters were collected: contact area, contact pressure, contact force, peak area, and peak pressure.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Results:

The peak pressure at the defect rim of the MFC at full extension increased by 51.51% from no defect (1.887 MPa) to a 7.5-mm defect (2.859 MPa) ( P < .001), and the peak pressure at the defect rim of the LFC at full extension increased by 139.14% from no defect (1.704 MPa) to a 7.5-mm defect (4.075 MPa) ( P < .001). The peak pressures for LFC defects at all 3 diameters were significantly greater when compared with dual defects consisting of increasing LFC defect diameter and constant MFC defect diameter ( P < .001 for all).

Conclusion:

Extremely large increases in peak pressure were seen at the rim of articular cartilage defects when evaluated under dynamic loading conditions. Isolated LFC defects experienced a greater increase in defect rim stress concentrations when compared with isolated MFC defects for equivalent increases in defect size. Defect size played a significant role independent of location for peak pressures on the MFC and LFC.

Clinical Relevance:

Significant rim-loading effects increase with defect size under dynamic loading and may result in increasingly rapid progression of articular cartilage lesions. Within the context of this goat model, findings suggest that lateral compartment chondral lesions are more likely to progress than medial compartment lesions of equivalent size.
Diagnostic Performance of MRI Versus CT in the Evaluation of Intra-articular Osteochondral Fracture in Pediatric Patients With Acute Traumatic Lateral Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Wu Zhen-Kai , Dai Zhen-Zhen , Sha Lin , Li Hao , Li Tai-Chun , Zhang Zi-Ming , Li Hai
Published: March 2022

Background:

Evaluation of intra-articular osteochondral fractures in children with acute traumatic lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) is important for determining treatment options.

Purpose:

To (1) compare the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating intra-articular osteochondral fractures; (2) compare the interpretation of CT and MRI images between radiologists and pediatric orthopaedic surgeons (POS); and (3) investigate any clinical factors influencing the accuracy of CT and MRI evaluations.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

We reviewed 35 knees in 35 patients (mean age, 12.2 ± 1.2 years; 12 boys and 23 girls) who were treated arthroscopically for acute traumatic LPD; 71% of the patients had patellar fractures, 54% had femoral fractures, and 60% had free osteochondral fracture fragments. All presurgical MRI and CT images were reviewed by POS who were blinded to both the reports of the radiologists and surgical records. We compared the accuracy of CT and MRI in diagnosing intra-articular osteochondral fractures against the arthroscopic findings and compared the interpretation of the images by the POS (MRI-O, CT-O) with those of the radiologists (MRI-R, CT-R).

Results:

There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy between CT and MRI for overall intra-articular osteochondral fractures by the POS or the radiologists; however, the CT-O images had a higher diagnostic specificity (84.2% vs 69.6%; P < .001) and sensitivity (88.1% vs 70.1%; P < .001) versus the MRI-R images. Regarding free fracture fragments, the CT-R images had a higher diagnostic accuracy than the MRI-R images (73.5% vs 47.1%; P = .026). When backed by clinical data, the MRI-O images had greater diagnostic accuracy (78.7% vs 60.3%; P = .001) and sensitivity (88.1% vs 30.7%; P = .021) but lower specificity compared with the MRI-R images, and the CT-O images had similar diagnostic accuracy but greater sensitivity than the CT-R images (70.1% vs 52.2%; P < .001). The diagnostic accuracy of MRI-O images was lower for children under 12 years versus children 12 years and over (67.5% vs 83.3%; P = .040).

Conclusion:

Compared with MRI, CT scans had better diagnostic performance in the evaluation of intra-articular osteochondral fractures in pediatric patients with acute traumatic LPD. Clinical data enhanced the diagnostic sensitivity of MRI and CT but decreased the specificity of MRI. MRI evaluations remain challenging for both POS and radiologists.
Startle Seizures and Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy After Resolution of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Encephalitis in a Child
Authors: Ng Andy Cheuk-Him , Kassiri Janani , Goez Helly R. , Morneau-Jacob Francois , Mailo Janette
Published: March 2022

We describe a unique clinical presentation of a child after the acute phase of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) encephalitis. A 17-month-old boy first presented with HSV1 encephalitis and was promptly treated with antiviral medication. Seven months later, he was re-admitted for startle seizures. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the brain showed diffuse confluent leukoencephalopathy. This constellation of symptoms has not been previously reported in HSV1 encephalitis. In conclusion, we showed that brain injury due to HSV1 encephalitis can be associated with the development of startle seizures and diffuse white matter injury in the post-acute phase.
Not Just about the Money: Which Job Qualities Compensate for Unjust Pay?
Authors: Narisada Atsushi , Schieman Scott
Published: March 2022

Social scientists have documented that perceived underpayment is a chronic stressor that has clear links to job dissatisfaction. However, few have evaluated which job qualities function as alternative compensating rewards that weaken this relationship. Using the job demands–resources model as a guide, the authors investigate the moderating effects of prominent job qualities: support, control, challenge, and advancement opportunities. Analysis of a national sample of Canadian workers confirms that perceived underpayment is associated with job dissatisfaction. The authors elaborate on this relationship by documenting that job qualities located at the organizational and interpersonal levels—advancement opportunities, supervisor support, and schedule flexibility—function as protective buffers, but job qualities located at the individual task level (job autonomy and job challenge) do not. These observations have theoretical and practical implications by specifying the particular job qualities that buffer the effects of perceived underpayment. The authors integrate insights from organizational support theory to interpret the underlying mechanisms.
Reducing voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv3.4 levels ameliorates synapse loss in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Yeap Jie , Sathyaprakash Chaitra , Toombs Jamie , Tulloch Jane , Scutariu Cristina , Rose Jamie , Burr Karen , Davies Caitlin , Colom-Cadena Marti , Chandran Siddharthan , Large Charles H. , Rowan Matthew J. M. , Gunthorpe Martin J. , Spires-Jones Tara L.
Published: March 2022

Synapse loss is associated with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, and owing to their plastic nature, synapses are an ideal target for therapeutic intervention. Oligomeric amyloid beta around amyloid plaques is known to contribute to synapse loss in mouse models and is associated with synapse loss in human Alzheimer’s disease brain tissue, but the mechanisms leading from Aβ to synapse loss remain unclear. Recent data suggest that the fast-activating and -inactivating voltage-gated potassium channel subtype 3.4 (Kv3.4) may play a role in Aβ-mediated neurotoxicity. Here, we tested whether this channel could also be involved in Aβ synaptotoxicity. Using adeno-associated virus and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats technology, we reduced Kv3.4 expression in neurons of the somatosensory cortex of APP/PS1 mice. These mice express human familial Alzheimer’s disease-associated mutations in amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 and develop amyloid plaques and plaque-associated synapse loss similar to that observed in Alzheimer’s disease brain. We observe that reducing Kv3.4 levels ameliorates dendritic spine loss and changes spine morphology compared to control virus. In support of translational relevance, Kv3.4 protein was observed in human Alzheimer’s disease and control brain and is associated with synapses in human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cortical neurons. We also noted morphological changes in induced pluripotent stem cell neurones challenged with human Alzheimer’s disease-derived brain homogenate containing Aβ but, in this in vitro model, total mRNA levels of Kv3.4 were found to be reduced, perhaps as an early compensatory mechanism for Aβ-induced damage. Overall, our results suggest that approaches to reduce Kv3.4 expression and/or function in the Alzheimer’s disease brain could be protective against Aβ-induced synaptic alterations.
SWAT 110: Printing the primary outcomE on Pink PapER versus standard paper to increase participant engagement to postal questionnaires (PEPPER)
Authors: Ooms Alexander , Parsons Scott , Dutton Susan , Garrett Angela , Fordham Beth , Hing Caroline , Lamb Sarah E , Smith Toby
Published: March 2022

Background

Missing data is a common issue in randomised controlled trials. There is a need to rigorously test means of participant retention. This embedded trial aims to examine the effect on postal response rates of printing a randomised controlled trial’s primary outcome on pink versus white paper.

Methods

Our randomised Study Within A Trial (SWAT) was run within a behaviour-change intervention host trial for patients following hip or knee replacements. Participants were randomised to receive the host trial’s primary outcome measure printed on either a sheet of pink or white paper within the 11 sheet (21 page) 6-month follow-up questionnaire. The SWAT’s primary outcome was host trial primary outcome measure completion. Number of reminders sent, proportion of remaining questions completed and overall questionnaire returns were secondary outcomes.

Results

176 participants were randomised: 88 received pink paper, 88 white paper. Host trial primary outcome measures were returned by 84.1% (74/88 participants) in the pink paper group and in 90.9% (80/88 participants) in the white paper group (risk ratio, 0.92 (95% CI 0.80, 1.06); p = .24). Reminders were sent to 48.9% (43/88 participants) in the pink paper group and in 30.7% (27/88 participants) in the white paper group (risk ratio 1.59 (95% CI 1.09, 2.33); p = .01). No other results were statistically significant.

Conclusion

Printing the primary outcome on pink paper does not increase data return. From this small randomised study, there is some evidence that it potentially decreases response and is more burdensome to collect postal data by increasing the necessity for reminders.
The justice pitfalls of a sustainable transport transition
Authors: Wågsæther Katinka , Remme Devyn , Haarstad Håvard , Sareen Siddharth
Published: March 2022

This article examines the potential adverse effects of sustainable transport transitions on justice. It is important for policy debates to consider how pro-environment policies may adversely impact social justice. We apply a broad conception of justice as comprising redistribution, representation and recognition to the transport transition in Bergen, Norway, with ambitious climate mitigation policies to be met primarily by reshaping transport. Through primary data collection and critical literature review, we identify several potential injustice effects of green transport transitions. These particularly relate to the redistributive effects of selective allocation of benefits and to less tangible processes of representation and recognition.
Whither physical geography Redux: Revisiting the place of physical geography in the United States
Authors: Rhoads Bruce L
Published: March 2022

The differentiation of human and physical geography is a fundamental distinction in Geography. This commentary examines the past, present, and possible future places of physical geography within Geography, focusing on the situation in the United States. Physical geography played a major role in the establishment of Geography as an academic discipline, but became marginalized soon thereafter. For the past 80 years, Geography in the United States has largely been a social science that has uneasily accommodated a natural-science component within it. Although somewhat healthy during the latter part of the 20th century, physical geography appears to be on the decline. In part, this situation reflects the social-science identity of Geography, a lack of adequate training of physical geographers in basic science and mathematics, as well as growing emphasis on research in geomorphology, climatology, and biogeography, the major subfields of physical geography, by cognate disciplines. The future of physical geography is in doubt: it could keep struggling to compete with better-trained scientists in cognate disciplines, evolve into a geospatial methods branch of the earth and environmental sciences, or pursue integrated research with human geographers to address Anthropocene concerns. Any of these paths forward has important implications for trying to sustain the process approach to inquiry that has underpinned research in physical geography since the 1950s. Regardless of how physical geography evolves, it needs to seriously address issues of equity, diversity, and inclusion. Doing so will only enhance whatever it becomes.
Simplified solution for seismic earth pressures exerted on flexible walls
Authors: Durante Maria Giovanna , Stewart Jonathan P , Brandenberg Scott J , Mylonakis George
Published: March 2022

Seismic earth pressures acting on basement walls and retaining walls are most commonly computed using limit state methods, in which the effects of earthquake shaking are represented by a horizontal body force in an active soil wedge. Limit state methods provide a poor physical representation of the fundamental mechanisms that give rise to seismic earth pressures, which depend on relative wall–soil displacements. Such displacements are a consequence of soil–structure interaction, which, in the absence of a strong inertial component (e.g. from a connected structure), are mainly sensitive to the ratio of wavelength-to-wall height and relative wall-to-soil flexibility. We present a simplified single-frequency procedure for computing seismic earth pressures applied to flexible retaining structures by vertically propagating shear waves. The procedure accounts for the first-order wavelength and wall flexibility effects while simplifying a number of secondary effects in a manner that produces a slightly conservative outcome. Input parameters to the proposed solution are readily attainable for engineering design applications. For typical earth retention systems, earth pressures computed using the proposed procedure are lower than those computed using limit state solutions. Predictions from the proposed solution compare well with results of numerical simulations and centrifuge modeling from literature, whereas limit state procedures either do not provide a physically meaningful solution or produce strongly biased predictions (overprediction of experiments, underprediction of available simulations).
120 years of georesources research in Switzerland: the Swiss Geotechnical Commission (1899–2018)
Authors: Heuberger S. , Nibourel L. , Fulda D. , Vernooij M. G. C.
Published: March 2022

Geological surveys have a wide range of tasks for their countries: to map the geology and to assess the georesources potential for metallic ores, industrial minerals, geothermal energy, fossil fuels, aggregates and groundwater. In Europe, most countries founded geological surveys around the mid-nineteenth century in order to create an overview of the geological resources they wanted to exploit. In Switzerland, at that time, the industrial revolution triggered a tremendous demand for infrastructure and energy raw materials. However, no national georesources institution was established when the nation-forming process among the 25 cantons culminated in the foundation of the Swiss Federal State in 1848. The Swiss Geological Survey was founded 138 years later in 1986. How did Switzerland map the country, assess the resource potential and provide fundamental data for land use planning without such an organisation? This paper elaborates on the evolution of Swiss institutions mandated to study the geological resources, with a focus on the Swiss Geotechnical Commission (SGTK, 1899–2018). Given the low financial resources, no long-term nation-wide investigation programs could be implemented. The commission's study program was mainly driven by external societal and political factors. World War I for example reactivated the search for coal which was intensively exploited during those years. Before and during World War II, the focus temporarily shifted to oil and gas exploration. From 1970 onwards, SGTK was involved in several applied research projects and collaborations with various industry partners. In this paper, we revisit the key turning points in the evolution of the commission's investigation program, including related financial and organisational aspects, and discuss how Switzerland’s federalistic structure influenced the geological survey activities. The history of the SGTK represents an exemplification of how a nation managed its geological survey activities, until 1986 in the absence of a geological survey and without large hydrocarbon and metallic ore resources and a corresponding, significant mining industry. The SGTK case also shows that flexible, project-based investigations can be advantageous as they respond to current challenges at short notice. This could to some degree substitute the initial absence of a geological survey, as shown by the numerous SGTK monographs that are key references also 100 years after their publication.
A functional promoter from the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum is also transcriptionally active in E. coli
Authors: Liang Jinye , Quan Zhenghui , Zhu Jianyu , Gan Min , Shen Ping
Published: March 2022

Background

Archaea form a third domain of life that is distinct from Bacteria and Eukarya. So far, many scholars have elucidated considerable details about the typical promoter architectures of the three domains of life. However, a functional promoter from the archaeon Halobacterium salinarum has never been studied in Escherichia coli.

Results

This paper found that the promoter of Halobacterium salinarum showed a promoter function in Escherichia coli. This Escherichia coli promoter structure contains − 10 box, -10 box extension and − 29 elements, however, no -35 box. The − 29 element is exercised by the TATA box in archaea. And we isolated the RM10 fragment that possessed the fusion characteristics of bacteria and archaea, which was overlapped with functionality of TATA box and − 29 elements.

Conclusions

The − 29 element reflects the evolutionary relationship between the archaeal promoter and the bacterial promoter. The result possibly indicated that there may be a certain internal connection between archaea and bacteria. We hypothesized that it provided a new viewpoint of the evolutionary relationship of archaea and other organisms.