bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood parameters and hormonal status of sled dogs Siberian husky breed before and after racing
Authors: Kostomakhin Nikolay , Dikov Andrey , Tseiko Leisan , Kostomakhin Mikhail
Published: October 2023

The investigation of the physiological characteristics of sled dogs of Siberian husky breed seems relevant, since dogs of this breed recently play an important role for animal husbandry in the Far North in Russia. Blood samples have been taken before the racing and immediately after it. The study of hormones in the blood of Siberian husky sled dogs before and after the racing showed that the testosterone level dropped sharply after the racing by 7.6 times, which can be explained by the significant energy consumption of the dog's body during the racing. At the same time, cortisol as a hormone that protects the body from stress, regulates blood pressure, participates in the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, has significantly increased by 3.6 times (P<0.05), which indicated the activation of the body's protective systems during the period of exposure to stress. The content of estradiol had not undergone significant changes. The exertion affected the content of red blood cells their decrease occurred (by 7.3%), a similar dynamics in hemoglobin level was observed. It was found as the result of biochemical blood tests that the creatinine level after racing increased by 4.6 mmol/l. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase decreased by 31.5 and 30.8 units/l, respectively. The content of lactate dehydrogenase increased by 31.3 units/l. The level glucose in the blood of sled dogs after racing decreased from 5.0 to 4.5 mmol/l, which was quite understandable by the significant energy consumption of dogs during the racing. The decrease in the content of total protein and its albumin fraction during the racing by 6.0 and 2.5 g/l, respectively was found. Moreover, the decrease in albumin level was statistically significant at P<0.05. As the result of the racing the level of creatine phosphokinase increased by 24.3 units /l, and the content of triglycerides decreased by 0.12 mmol/l.
Features of Artemia aquaculture technology in Russia, prospects for its use in other temperate and tropical climates
Authors: Litvinenko Liudmila , Kutsanov Kirill , Glukhikh Ivan , Zenkovich Polina , Razova Lyubov
Published: October 2023

The results of long-term monitoring of the abundance and biomass of Artemia on the example of several model lakes in the south of Western Siberia are presented. Based on this, conclusions are drawn about the dynamics of the density of Artemia crustaceans characteristic of shallow lakes of temperate climate, associated with low live birth: a high number Artemia shrimps of the first generation and a low following. It is proposed to inoculate naupliuses in lakes during the period of catastrophic decline in the number of crustaceans, which will create a new powerful generation of Artemia. The results of such experiments are shown on the example of two lakes for two years. An assumption is made about the possibility of using this technology of aquaculture of artemia in other temperate countries. Laboratory and field studies on reducing the incubation time of cysts and early release into the brine of lakes are presented. The influence of brine salinity of lakes on the results of early release of nauplius and non-hatched cysts is shown. The technology of reducing the incubation period of cysts can be used in subtropical and tropical climate.
Current state of the Sea of Azov main commercial fishery resources and ways to restore them
Authors: Ponomareva Elena , Balykin Pavel , Startsev Alexander , Savitskaya Svetlana , Sorokina Marina , Korchunov Alexander
Published: October 2023

The paper presents the result of analyses of the Azov Sea fishery resources state for the last 15 years of the last century up to the present time. The information on quantitative and qualitative composition of commercial catches is obtained from the data of fishery statistics. Changes in temperature and salinity and their anomalies relative to mean annual values are highlighted. The first four commercial species with maximum catches have been identified: anchovy, kilka, gobies and Redlip mullet. The dynamics of their ratio, at different periods of the current century, may indicate the influence of external conditions (temperature, salinity, etc.). The forecast on increase of catches of the listed species and recommendation on development of the Azov sea fishery development programme, including all directions of fishery, introduction of the newest achievements of science and technology in development of aquaculture and other branches connected with rational use of aquatic biological resources of the sea are given.
Theoretical justification of the induction heating method for strength research
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr
Published: October 2023

The paper proposes a theoretical justification of the test method for thermal strength, similar to the method of radiation heating. The use of the induction heating method itself provides for the ability to control the heating temperature with good accuracy, which makes it possible to heat the part evenly and quickly to the desired temperature due to overheating of the product, and also with the chosen method it is possible to completely eliminate the appearance of smoke, oil pollution and strong odours. In this case, external heating of samples of electrically conductive materials is carried out by high-frequency currents, which significantly expands the possibilities of obtaining preliminary experimental results and simplifies the experimental technique.
Impact of enterprise resource planning software implementation on companies’ efficiency
Authors: Strelnik Evgeniya , Usanova Diana , Khairullin Ildar , Kamalova Alina , Beloglazova Elena
Published: October 2023

This article is devoted to the description of the results of the research of the impact of the introduction of ERP-systems on the economic and financial performance of the company. To conduct an empirical study, 50 Russian companies of petrochemical production were selected. The purpose of the research was to quantify the results of the ERP systems implementation. Performance evaluation is of the interest to company executives and the board of directors, since the process of implementing an ERP system requires impressive financial investments and labor costs. However, at present, there are difficulties with scientifically based methods for evaluating the results of the ERP systems implementation. Software vendors announce attractive numbers about the effectiveness of the ERP systems implementation, but can they be trusted, since they are interested in sales. Therefore, we proposed the Monte Carlo method to assess the impact of the introduction of ERP systems on the efficiency of the company. The company's costs and savings characterize variables, increase in net profit and NPV were selected as result variables. As a result of the study, obtained data show both the probability distribution in relation to the indicated variables, and the average values of the implementation effects in such areas as stocks and production, working capital, efficiency, labor costs and reporting. According to the results of the analysis of the selected population, the greatest effects from the introduction of ERP-systems were obtained in the formation of management reporting and logistics, which is due to the greatest attention of managers and IT companies to these issues.
State of gold mining industry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the period of sanctions and restrictions
Authors: Nikiforova Valentina
Published: October 2023

The gold mining industry is one of the strategic sectors of the Russian Federation's economy. It plays an important role in the socio-economic development of Russia and its constituent entities. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is one of the leading gold mining regions of Russia. Recent changes caused by political and economic events that occur in the global and domestic gold markets are of great interest to researchers. This article examines the consequences of the US and EU sanctions on Russian gold in 2022, reveals the level of impact of sanctions on the development of the gold mining industry of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the country as a whole. For this purpose, the analysis of the world gold market, the current state of the gold and foreign exchange reserves of the Russian Federation compared to other countries, the resource potential of gold mining companies in the region, and the prospects for its replenishment are evaluated. It is revealed that the US and EU sanctions on Russian gold for gold mining companies can cause mainly temporary difficulties. Russia can reorient its sales market to friendly countries and countries in the Asia-Pacific region. In this direction, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) will have a favourable position in terms of geographical location and promising projects.
Results of applying the georadiolocation method to estimate snow volume in small avalanche assemblages on Sakhalin Island
Authors: Sidorenko A.I. , Bobrova D.A.
Published: October 2023

In this paper, the authors present the results of snow volume estimation in small avalanche accumulations on Sakhalin Island using GPR. Sakhalin Island using GPR. As a result of using the GPR method, data on snow cover height, snow volume and density on the slope were obtained. The values obtained using GPR correlate well with data from pits and observations from the Nevelsk weather station, which is located at a close altitude. GPR was modified to complete the study. We used metal markers in the control points to clarify the height of layers when linking them to radarograms. GeoScan32 software was used to determine the dielectric permittivity of the snow cover. The application of the georadiolocation method allows to safely and accurately estimate the snow volume in avalanche accumulation.
Optimal linear interpolation algorithm with fixed delay
Authors: Cherkasova Anastasia , Shatilov Alexander
Published: October 2023

One of the most important characteristics of satellite navigation receiving equipment is the accuracy of navigation definitions. To improve this characteristic, the paper considers the possibility of using optimal interpolation algorithms with a fixed delay. A new interpolation algorithm with a fixed delay in discrete time was deduced. The use of the proposed interpolation algorithm instead of filtering made it possible to reduce the standard deviation by 2 times with a delay in the output of the result by 10 cycles. The advantage of the proposed algorithm is the reduction in computational complexity compared to the optimal two-way algorithm. The proposed algorithm requires 2 matrix accesses per cycle of operation, subject to the use of additional memory resources, to save pre-calculated elements.
On one algorithm of generating nonlinear regression models and its computer realization
Authors: Skvortsova Maria
Published: October 2023

The tasks of statistical processing of experimental data arise in different areas of human activity. In this regard, the development of algorithms and corresponding computer programs that allow such processing and satisfy certain conditions is an important task. The present work is carried out within the framework of the aforementioned field of research; an algorithm for generating a series of nonlinear regression models of a special type is proposed, and a brief description of the corresponding computer program is given. The proposed algorithm is iterative in nature: each subsequent model is built on the basis of the previous one according to some rule. This process begins with the construction of the simplest, linear model. For all the models obtained, a number of their statistical characteristics are calculated. The corresponding computer program is written in Java. The process of building models is managed by a some way by the user working with this program. In addition, in the paper a number of illustrative examples of constructing regression models using the developed program is given. The analysis of the obtained results is fulfilled, showing the advantages of the proposed methodology in comparison with the methodology of standard linear regression. The proposed procedure, in fact, allows us to pass from some initial linear regression model obtained at the first step of research to another model of better quality, without changing the initial set of empirical data. The presence of many final models makes it possible to select the best variants from them.
Finding dependencies in the corporate environment using data mining
Authors: Kozlova Anastasia , Kukartsev Vladislav , Melnikov Vladimir , Kovalev Georgiy , Stashkevich Alexander
Published: October 2023

The article analyses the influence of factors of the work environment, as well as the non-work environment, on the employee's departure from the company. A dataset containing 1470 data rows with 14 attributes belonging to the company's employees was selected for the analysis. The method of self-organising Kohonen maps was used, which allow to study the structure of the data and identify hidden patterns, as well as the method of artificial neural networks, which allow to analyse large amounts of data and find hidden relationships that may not be obvious to humans. In the course of the work, the errors of the methods were determined, several experiments with different number of factors were conducted, and the dependence between the number of factors and the magnitude of the error of the algorithms was revealed. For both methods and each experiment, conjugacy tables were obtained, which contain the classification results obtained by the methods. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed to determine the degree of association between the factors and the target variable.
Prospects for the development and application of artificial intelligence technologies in Russia
Authors: Bakumenko Maria , Sigal Anatoliy , Titarenko Dmitriy
Published: October 2023

The paper examines the prospects for the design and introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in Russia’s economic system. Based on official rankings of the globe’s leading organizations and the tools of economic and mathematical modeling, we have assessed the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the level of competitiveness of the national economy. The obtained results indicate a rather strong impact of artificial intelligence technologies on the level of competitiveness of the national economy. We have also analyzed the current level of development of artificial intelligence technologies in the Russian Federation, and pointed out significant risks and threats caused by the introduction of these technologies. The development of artificial intelligence technologies can lead to the fact that, at some point, human capital might cease to be necessary in the economy; simply put, human capital will become an unnecessary factor in economic development. In order for humanity to cope with the challenges, driven by the development of artificial intelligence technologies, the implementation of intelligent information systems should not be thoughtless; their implementation should be reasonable and extremely careful. Furthermore, we suggest how to make the use of artificial intelligence technologies in Russia’s economy more efficient. The conclusion is that, first of all, Russia should develop artificial intelligence technologies in relation to the real sector of the economy in order to increase the competitiveness of domestic goods and services and achieve the goal of import substitution. Artificial intelligence technologies should aim at improving the performance of the public health service.
Optimization of the organization of the construction process of structural elements of monolithic buildings
Authors: Murya Vadim
Published: October 2023

The modern construction market dictates strict rules for labor productivity, product quality, optimality and cost-effectiveness of processes. The need for a tool to optimize the organization of the construction of structural elements of monolithic buildings is a significant issue in the construction process. In the field of organization of construction production, the main role is played by the organizational and technological decisions that have a direct impact on the processes and results of construction activities. Optimization of the organization of the process of constructing structural elements, which is the possibility of reducing the construction time of structural elements of monolithic buildings through the use of effective organizational and technical solutions, or by adjusting inefficient organizational and technical solutions characterized by a complex quality indicator, is an urgent task in the field of research. Thus, the goal of optimizing the organization of the process of constructing structural elements is to reduce the duration of work and reduce labor costs. Based on the results of field observations, the influencing factors determined on the parameters that affect the organization of the erection of structural elements of monolithic buildings have been established. The necessity of taking into account all the main influencing factors of the model in order to achieve an objective characteristic of the effectiveness of the organizational process is noted. A possible direction for the development of the study is to expand the scope of application of the results of the study in the organization of various construction processes. The expansion of statistical data, computerization and programming of organizational structures in the construction process remains an urgent task for the development of the direction.
E-textile touch button placement with a help–request function for smart sportswear
Authors: Tyurin I.N. , Kuzmin A.G. , Komisaruk L.V. , Tashpulatov S.Sh.
Published: October 2023

Due to the high risk of injury to an athlete during sports training, the diagnostic and monitoring functions of sportswear are among the most potentially demanded. The article is devoted to the investigation of optimal topographic areas for a textile touch button placement with a help–request function. A touch button is part of a flexible printed circuit board that is integrated into the structure of highly functional, tight-fitting sportswear. It was determined that the button should be placed so that an athlete takes the minimum amount of time to move and press the button. In this paper, the minimum values of the modulus of a vector of the athlete's hand movement when pressing a touch button after a sudden deterioration of the athlete's health were determined. The study was carried out by measuring the trajectory lengths in dynamic postures that constitute the phase schemes of falls on the example of athletes performing plyometric jumping, walking, and running, as well as in static positions.
Analysis of the competitiveness of the region based on the utility function
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Brož David , Masenko Aleksey , Shchebeteev Valerii
Published: October 2023

Ensuring competitiveness is closely correlated with the quality of goods and services produced in this region. Which, in turn, requires systematic efforts on the part of enterprises and state institutions aimed at improving the quality of everything that is produced in the region. A product or service of high quality attracts more attention of potential consumers. The value of the utility that the buyer receives in case of purchase of this service or product depends on the quality of the product or service. The client pre-predicts the possible result that he can achieve after making a purchase of a service or product. Regional authorities, in order to increase the competitiveness of the region, in our opinion, should pay priority attention to the compliance of producers with technical, sanitary and environmental standards in the production of products in the region.The production of high-quality products, as a rule, is the production of products with a higher added value, and therefore this is a potential supplement to the budget from the readization of this type of product. The sale of high-quality goods can have a favorable impact on the financial and economic indicators of the enterprise, and therefore this enterprise will be more attractive to potential private investors.
Imbalance in estimates of the cost of the youth in the labor market of employers and job seekers as a factor of unsustainable socio-economic development
Authors: Bikmetov Evgeniy , Grishin Konstantin , Bogatyreva Marina , Boduleva Alla , Shestakovich Anna
Published: October 2023

The authors’ research is devoted to the study of career expectations of young professionals entering the labor market in terms of the cost of their labor. The heads of enterprises and scientists are faced with the acute question of how to learn to understand the behavior of new actors in the labor market in order to effectively use their potential. The situation on the labor market in Russia remains unstable and variable. There is no balance between supply and demand for certain professions, in labor cost estimation, so it is difficult for a young specialist to find a job in their specialty. From the position of sustainable socio-economic development, management decisions should balance the needs of the future and the present in the labor market, which corresponds to the use of investments (investments in labor capital), in view of technological progress and ongoing institutional changes. The materials of the empirical base of the study are the results of monitoring resumes of applicants on the labor market in a number of labor-surplus and well-provided regions by gender and certain age groups, salary expectations depending on education, as well as by working conditions (salary) from employers indicated in vacancies according to the Scientific Research Center data in the field of career guidance and labor psychology.
The role of the federal policy toward regional development in promoting interregional cooperation in Russia
Authors: Violin Sergei
Published: October 2023

This paper is devoted to the issue of evaluating the regional policy measures with respect to interregional cooperation development in the Russian Federation. One of the aims of the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation adopted in 2019 is reduction in the level of social and economic interregional differentiation of Russian regions. This aim ought to be reached through the strengthening of interregional cooperation and coordination of the social and economic development of regions within the macroregions of the Russian Federation. The goal of this research is to analyze in dynamics current contours of the regional policy with respect to its concordance with the aim of interregional cooperation enhancement. The hypothesis of this research is that the contemporary state regional policy did not contribute to the strengthening of interregional cooperation of Russian regions. The main conclusion of the research is that the adopted regional policy to a greater degree stimulated competition between regions for the federal financing rather than interregional cooperation and coordination. This conclusion can be used for correcting the present regional policy of the Russian Federation with respect to the relations between the regional and the federal level and between regions themselves.
Global financial technology coordination by international institutions and organisations
Authors: Razletovskaia Viktoriya
Published: October 2023

In the context of geopolitical polarisation, the world economy is increasingly fragmented into separate economic blocs with different ideologies, technological standards and currencies, with the dominance of the dollar being supplanted by a multipolar system. In this new landscape of international relations, international institutions, as instruments of global governance whose purpose is to promote global economic integration, are trying to find new areas of interaction and coordination mechanisms, which are still uncertain.†The article is devoted to the study of coordination directions at the level of international organisations and institutions and the prospects of their development in the sphere of financial technologies. The article systematises the forms of coordination at the level of international organisations and institutions, corresponding to the stages of financial integration, including those that take into account inter-sectoral problems of financial technology (fintech) development. Taking into account the specifics of self-organisation of national models, new approaches to the coordination of the processes of modern financial technologies development at the level of international organisations are presented, providing a consistent transformation of managerial decisions on the basis of the sectoral approach to the coordinated financial and technological policy of the global level.
Spare parts inventory management at multi-brand car service enterprises
Authors: Sarbaev Vladimir , Tziovannis Simos , Grishin Aleksandr
Published: October 2023

The article presents a comprehensive study of the state and problems of spare parts inventory management at multi-brand car service enterprises on the example of the Republic of Cyprus. The general characteristics of the specifics of spare parts inventory management at multi-brand car service enterprises are presented, the foundations of the organizational model for the functioning of transport enterprises of this type, including those common to the Republic of Cyprus and the Russian Fede ration, are disclosed. The set of tasks for managing the inventory of spare parts at multi-brand car service enterprises has been clarified. Based on the results of a survey of executives and managers of 64 Cypriot multi-brand car service enterprises, key methods for managing spare parts stocks were identified. The results of the survey were compared with the assessment of the effectiveness of management in the subject area, typical groups of enterprises were identified according to the criterion of the main method of managing spare parts inventory and the expected management efficiency. The elements of spare parts inventory management at multi-brand car service enterprises of the Republic of Cyprus, recommended for reception into Russian practice, are identified, ways to solve the problem of improving the effectiveness of management in the subject area, common to the designated group of transport enterprises in Russia and Cyprus, including the development of automation, digitalization management, combined with the use of organizational methods (flexible supply contracts, franchising and new forms of business).
Emergency risk assessment for maritime and multimodal freight and passenger transport in the Far East
Authors: Yakovlev Valeriy A.
Published: October 2023

This article will emphasise the importance of ensuring the efficiency and safety of multimodal transport, which requires a comprehensive approach to risk assessment, taking into account the characteristics of transport, the geography of transport, administrative and legal constraints. It will explore modern methods of emergency risk analysis and outline the main risk factors for their occurrence.
Organisation of container trains between St. Petersburg and Novorossiysk
Authors: Moskvichev Oleg , Moskvicheva Elena , Vasilyev Dmitriy
Published: October 2023

On the basis of the developed methodology for establishing organisational and technological requirements for the destination of container trains, on the example of the direction of circulation of the container train St. Petersburg - Novorossiysk, a practical calculation has been made to determine the economically feasible length and frequency of container train running.
Antikörpertestung in der Nierentransplantation
Authors: Dick Andrea , Kugyelka Reka , Humpe Andreas , Kauke Teresa
Published: October 2023

Das HLA-System (HLA: humane Leukozytenantigene) spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Transplantation (Tx) der Niere. Daher ist der Nachweis von HLA-Antikörpern vor und nach der Tx entscheidend für die Betreuung des Patienten, wobei verschiedene Verfahren eingesetzt werden. Der Nachweis von donorspezifischen HLA-Antikörpern (DSA) ist gemäß Banff-Klassifikation 1 ein wichtiges Kriterium für die Diagnostik der antikörpervermittelten Abstoßung (ABMR: „antibody-mediated rejection“). Die Untersuchung auf präformierte sowie auf de novo DSA zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten nach der Tx kann helfen, das individuelle Risiko für eine ABMR zu beurteilen.
Ultrasound Imaging of the Sciatic Nerve
Authors: Cocco Giulio , Ricci Vincenzo , Corvino Antonio , Pacini Patrizia , Boccatonda Andrea , Naňka Ondřej , Sensi Stefano L. , Caulo Massimo , Delli Pizzi Andrea
Published: October 2023

The sciatic nerve (SN) is the biggest nerve in the human body and innervates a large skin surface of the lower limb and several muscles of the thigh, leg, and foot. It originates from the ventral rami of spinal nerves L4 through S3 and contains fibers from both the posterior and anterior divisions of the lumbosacral plexus. After leaving the neural foramina, the nerve roots merge with each other forming a single peripheral nerve that travels within the pelvis and thigh. Non-discogenic pathologies of the SN are largely underdiagnosed entities due to nonspecific clinical tests and poorly described imaging findings. Likewise, to the best of our knowledge, a step-by-step ultrasound protocol to assess the SN is lacking in the pertinent literature. In this sense, the aim of the present manuscript is to describe the normal sono-anatomy of the SN from the greater sciatic foramen to the proximal thigh proposing a standardized and simple sonographic protocol. Then, based on the clinical experience of the authors, a few tips and tricks have been reported to avoid misinterpretation of confounding sonographic findings. Last but not least, we report some common pathological conditions encountered in daily practice with the main purpose of making physicians more confident regarding the sonographic “navigation” of a complex anatomical site and optimizing the diagnosis and management of non-discogenic neuropathies of the SN.
Akuttherapie der Lungenembolie und die Rolle der „Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams“ (PERT)
Authors: Sinning Jan-Malte , Pfeiffer Mareike
Published: October 2023

Die akute Lungenarterienembolie (LAE) stellt weiterhin die dritthäufigste kardiovaskuläre Todesursache dar und weist eine weltweit steigende Inzidenz auf. Sich kontinuierlich neu
entwickelnde, vornehmlich katheterbasierte Therapieoptionen gepaart mit einem Mangel an Daten aus klinischen randomisierten Studien führen aktuell zu einer Herausforderung für alle an der
Therapieentscheidung der akuten LAE beteiligten, klinisch tätigen Ärzte, insbesondere bezogen auf die „Intermediär-hoch“-Risikogruppe.

Um diesem Umstand Rechnung zu tragen und mit dem Ziel, durch individuellere Therapieentscheidungen die Letalität der LAE-Patienten zu senken, wurden in den letzten Jahren vor allem in den
USA interdisziplinäre „Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams“ (PERT) gegründet. In diesem Artikel wird neben einer Zusammenfassung der in den aktuellen ESC-Leitlinien von 2019 aufgeführten
Risikostratifizierung und Therapieempfehlungen auch auf den Einfluss der PERT auf das Management und das Outcome der akuten LAE eingegangen und offene Fragen werden adressiert.
Frauenmilchbanken: Organisatorische Hürden auf dem Weg zur
natürlichen Nahrung
Authors: Singer Dominique
Published: October 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

dass Neugeborene – zumal die kleinsten und unreifsten – mit
Muttermilch oder ersatzweise mit gespendeter Frauenmilch ernährt werden
sollten, erscheint heute nicht nur „selbsterklärend“,
sondern wird auch zunehmend durch wissenschaftliche Evidenz untermauert. Doch obwohl
die gleiche Erkenntnis schon 100 Jahre zuvor Kinderleben gerettet hatte, war die
Frauenmilchernährung zeitweilig „aus der Mode“ geraten bzw.
als entbehrlich betrachtet worden 1. Dies
erforderte nun einen Neuaufbau des Frauenmilchbankwesens in (West-)Deutschland, von
dem eine Übersicht in dieser Ausgabe der Zeitschrift für
Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie (ZGN) handelt. Die darin geschilderten
„Betreibermodelle“ spiegeln letztlich auch den Erfindungsreichtum
wieder, mit dem engagierte Teams – oft ohne nennenswerte
Unterstützung von außen – allerlei Hindernisse
überwunden haben, um „ihren“ Frühgeborenen anbieten
zu können, was eigentlich naturgegeben ist. Die Vielfalt der
Lösungen hat inzwischen ein Regelungsbedürfnis auf den Plan gerufen,
von dem zu hoffen ist, dass es den Milchbanken mehr ökonomische Akzeptanz
und nicht weitere administrative Hürden bescheren wird.
Chest Pain Unit: aktueller Stand und Entwicklungen
Authors: Buerke Michael , Janusch Matthias , Dimitrov Stefan , Böttger Priyanka , Lemm Henning
Published: October 2023

Thorakale Schmerzen sind eine der häufigsten Ursachen für die Vorstellung von Patienten beim Notdienst und in der zentralen Notaufnahme. Bei kardialen Ursachen müssen die Patienten häufig
stationär aufgenommen werden. In der kardiovaskulären Notfallmedizin ist es wichtig, dass der Notfallmediziner Patienten entsprechend einordnet und das Risikoprofil der Patienten erfasst, da
ca. 10–30% der Fälle mit thorakalen Beschwerden ein akutes Koronarsyndrom (ACS) haben. Das Elektrokardiogramm und die Werte des hochsensitiven (hs) Troponins bei Aufnahme und im Verlauf nach
1 h und/oder 2 h sind für die Diagnose eines Myokardinfarkts zwingend erforderlich. Dies kann in Chest Pain Units (CPU), in der Notaufnahme oder separat standardisiert durchgeführt werden.
Bei konventioneller Versorgung (ohne CPU-SOP) besteht ein nicht zu vernachlässigendes Risiko, dass 2–10% der Anginapatienten mit (sub-)akutem Myokardinfarkt fälschlicherweise nach Hause
entlassen werden. Diese unzureichende Versorgung der ACS-Patienten geht mit langfristig erhöhten Kosten und dem Risiko einer Klage wegen fahrlässiger medizinischer Behandlung einher. Die
Chest Pain Units (CPU) wurden vor ca. 2 Jahrzehnten in der Notfallversorgung in Deutschland eingeführt. Ziel war es, die Versorgung der Patienten zu verbessern, bei den Ärzten mehr
Aufmerksamkeit zu erreichen, die Anzahl unnötiger Aufnahmen und Eingriffe zu reduzieren und dadurch die entstehenden Kosten zu senken. Dieses Ziel wird durch die Verwendung von
Diagnoseprotokollen, Zeitvorgaben zur Versorgung, standardisierte Abläufe auch für Patienten mit thorakalen Beschwerden und anderen Diagnosen, vereinheitlichte Therapien und qualifizierte
CPU-Mitarbeitern realisiert.
From cooperation to confrontation: US-Russia relations since 9/11
Authors: German Tracey
Published: October 2023

Relations between the US and Russia during the George W. Bush era were marked by a dramatic shift from cooperation to confrontation. Russia’s unequivocal support for the US-led War on Terror in the wake of the 9/11 attacks in 2001 gave way to a sustained rise in anti-Western sentiment in the Russian political narrative. This article analyses US-Russia relations during the presidency of George W. Bush through the lens of great power relations and status. It explores the distinctive aspects of the Bush administration’s foreign policy approach and how they impacted the US-Russia relationship: notably increasing US unilateralism and its apparent rejection of multilateralism, liberal interventionism and the pursuit of democracy promotion around the world. These continue to shape the Russian view of the US, its intentions and attitude towards international order.
KineticNet: Deep learning a transferable kinetic energy functional for orbital-free density functional theory
Authors: Remme R. , Kaczun T. , Scheurer M. , Dreuw A. , Hamprecht F. A.
Published: October 2023

Orbital-free density functional theory (OF-DFT) holds promise to compute ground state molecular properties at minimal cost. However, it has been held back by our inability to compute the kinetic energy as a functional of electron density alone. Here, we set out to learn the kinetic energy functional from ground truth provided by the more expensive Kohn–Sham density functional theory. Such learning is confronted with two key challenges: Giving the model sufficient expressivity and spatial context while limiting the memory footprint to afford computations on a GPU and creating a sufficiently broad distribution of training data to enable iterative density optimization even when starting from a poor initial guess. In response, we introduce KineticNet, an equivariant deep neural network architecture based on point convolutions adapted to the prediction of quantities on molecular quadrature grids. Important contributions include convolution filters with sufficient spatial resolution in the vicinity of nuclear cusp, an atom-centric sparse but expressive architecture that relays information across multiple bond lengths, and a new strategy to generate varied training data by finding ground state densities in the face of perturbations by a random external potential. KineticNet achieves, for the first time, chemical accuracy of the learned functionals across input densities and geometries of tiny molecules. For two-electron systems, we additionally demonstrate OF-DFT density optimization with chemical accuracy.
Parameter estimation of the fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process based on quadratic variation
Authors: Janczura Joanna , Magdziarz Marcin , Metzler Ralf
Published: October 2023

Modern experiments routinely produce extensive data of the diffusive dynamics of tracer particles in a large range of systems. Often, the measured diffusion turns out to deviate from the laws of Brownian motion, i.e., it is anomalous. Considerable effort has been put in conceiving methods to extract the exact parameters underlying the diffusive dynamics. Mostly, this has been done for unconfined motion of the tracer particle. Here, we consider the case when the particle is confined by an external harmonic potential, e.g., in an optical trap. The anomalous particle dynamics is described by the fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process, for which we establish new estimators for the parameters. Specifically, by calculating the empirical quadratic variation of a single trajectory, we are able to recover the subordination process governing the particle motion and use it as a basis for the parameter estimation. The statistical properties of the estimators are evaluated from simulations.
Optimization of escape kinetics by reflecting and resetting
Authors: Capała Karol , Dybiec Bartłomiej
Published: October 2023

Stochastic restarting is a strategy of starting anew. Incorporation of the resetting to the random walks can result in a decrease in the mean first passage time due to the ability to limit unfavorably meandering, sub-optimal trajectories. In this paper, we examine how stochastic resetting influences escape dynamics from the (−∞,1) interval in the presence of the single-well power-law |x|κ potentials with κ>0. Examination of the mean first passage time is complemented by the analysis of the coefficient of variation, which provides a robust and reliable indicator assessing the efficiency of stochastic resetting. The restrictive nature of resetting is compared to placing a reflective boundary in the system at hand. In particular, for each potential, the position of the reflecting barrier giving the same mean first passage time as the optimal resetting rate is determined. Finally, in addition to reflecting, we compare the effectiveness of other resetting strategies with respect to optimization of the mean first passage time.
Synchronizing chaos using reservoir computing
Authors: Nazerian Amirhossein , Nathe Chad , Hart Joseph D. , Sorrentino Francesco
Published: October 2023

We attempt to achieve complete synchronization between a drive system unidirectionally coupled with a response system, under the assumption that limited knowledge on the states of the drive is available at the response. Machine-learning techniques have been previously implemented to estimate the states of a dynamical system from limited measurements. We consider situations in which knowledge of the non-measurable states of the drive system is needed in order for the response system to synchronize with the drive. We use a reservoir computer to estimate the non-measurable states of the drive system from its measured states and then employ these measured states to achieve complete synchronization of the response system with the drive.
Deciphering viscoelastic cell manipulation in rectangular microchannels
Authors: Suzuki Takayuki , Kalyan Srivathsan , Berlinicke Cynthia , Yoseph Samantha , Zack Donald J. , Hur Soojung Claire
Published: October 2023

Viscoelastic focusing has emerged as a promising method for label-free and passive manipulation of micro and nanoscale bioparticles. However, the design of microfluidic devices for viscoelastic particle focusing requires a thorough comprehensive understanding of the flow condition and operational parameters that lead to the desired behavior of microparticles. While recent advancements have been made, viscoelastic focusing is not fully understood, particularly in straight microchannels with rectangular cross sections. In this work, we delve into inertial, elastic, and viscoelastic focusing of biological cells in rectangular cross-section microchannels. By systematically varying degrees of fluid elasticity and inertia, we investigate the underlying mechanisms behind cell focusing. Our approach involves injecting cells into devices with a fixed, non-unity aspect ratio and capturing their images from two orientations, enabling the extrapolation of cross-sectional equilibrium positions from two dimensional (2D) projections. We characterized the changes in hydrodynamic focusing behaviors of cells based on factors, such as cell size, flow rate, and fluid characteristics. These findings provide insights into the flow characteristics driving changes in equilibrium positions. Furthermore, they indicate that viscoelastic focusing can enhance the detection accuracy in flow cytometry and the sorting resolution for size-based particle sorting applications. By contributing to the advancement of understanding viscoelastic focusing in rectangular microchannels, this work provides valuable insight and design guidelines for the development of devices that harness viscoelastic focusing. The knowledge gained from this study can aid in the advancement of viscoelastic particle manipulation technique and their application in various fields.
Erbium-doped Ga2O3 waveguide for optical amplification
Authors: Liu Ruixue , Zhang Zheng , Yang Zhen , Wang Wei , Yan Kunlun , Song Maozhuang , Wang Rongping
Published: October 2023

We prepared an Er3+-doped gallium oxide amorphous film using a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method and fabricated the waveguide using ultraviolet lithography and inductively coupled plasma etching to explore its optical amplification performance. In a 7 mm long waveguide, we achieved an on-chip gain of ∼4.7 dB at a pump power of 48.6 mW (∼16.9 dBm) and a signal power of 57.5 nW (∼−42.4 dBm). The preliminary results indicate the great potentials of an amorphous Ga2O3 film as a photonic material, especially in the application of an on-chip optical amplifier.
High-temperature continuous-wave operation of InAs-based interband cascade laser
Authors: Huang Wenxiang , Hu Shiyu , Tu Junjie , Zhang Lifang , Tao Kekai , Wang Peng
Published: October 2023

In this work, we report an InAs-based interband cascade laser that emits at λ = 4.58 μm in continuous-wave mode up to a maximum temperature of 64 °C, an increase of 29 °C beyond the previously highest reported value for InAs-based interband cascade lasers. At T = 20 °C, an output power of 20 mW was achieved for a 10-μm × 2-mm ridge waveguide device with one facet coated for high reflection and epilayer-down mounting.
Three distinct scales dominate the role of eolian electric fields in dust turbulent transport
Authors: Zhang Huan , Liu Yuan
Published: October 2023

Although previous studies have shown that eolian electric fields significantly alter the lifting and dynamics of dust particles, they are limited to mean fields. The effects of eolian electric fields on the dust turbulent transport have not been reported before. Here, by combing the observational data and wavelet-based spectral analysis, we find that eolian electric fields enhance the vertical turbulent transport of dust particles in the near-surface layer and exhibit three distinct crucial scales. Specifically, the eolian electric fields exhibit a dominant promoting effect at the kilometer-sized synoptic scale, a secondary suppressive effect at the hectometer-sized very-large-scale motion scale, and a negligible effect at the decameter-sized turbulent integral scale. Such scale-dependent electrical effects can be explained by the fact that the linear coupling between vertical eolian electric field and dust concentration is strongest at the synoptic scale, followed by the very-large-scale motion scale, and is weakest at the turbulent integral scale.
Functional genomic diversity is correlated with neutral genomic diversity in populations of an endangered rattlesnake
Authors: Mathur Samarth , Mason Andrew J. , Bradburd Gideon S. , Gibbs H. Lisle
Published: October 2023

Theory predicts that genetic erosion in small, isolated populations of endangered species can be assessed using estimates of neutral genetic variation, yet this widely used approach has recently been questioned in the genomics era. Here, we leverage a chromosome-level genome assembly of an endangered rattlesnake (
Sistrurus catenatus
) combined with whole genome resequencing data (N = 110 individuals) to evaluate the relationship between levels of genome-wide neutral and functional diversity over historical and future timescales. As predicted, we found positive correlations between genome-wide estimates of neutral genetic diversity (π) and inferred levels of adaptive variation and an estimate of inbreeding mutation load, and a negative relationship between neutral diversity and an estimate of drift mutation load. However, these correlations were half as strong for projected future levels of neutral diversity based on contemporary effective population sizes. Broadly, our results confirm that estimates of neutral genetic diversity provide an accurate measure of genetic erosion in populations of a threatened vertebrate. They also provide nuance to the neutral-functional diversity controversy by suggesting that while these correlations exist, anthropogenetic impacts may have weakened these associations in the recent past and into the future.
The
Drosophila
blood–brain barrier regulates sleep via Moody G protein-coupled receptor signaling
Authors: Axelrod Sofia , Li Xiaoling , Sun Yingwo , Lincoln Samantha , Terceros Andrea , O’Neil Jenna , Wang Zikun , Nguyen Andrew , Vora Aabha , Spicer Carmen , Shapiro Benjamin , Young Michael W.
Published: October 2023

Sleep is vital for most animals, yet its mechanism and function remain unclear. We found that permeability of the BBB (blood–brain barrier)—the organ required for the maintenance of homeostatic levels of nutrients, ions, and other molecules in the brain—is modulated by sleep deprivation (SD) and can cell-autonomously effect sleep changes. We observed increased BBB permeability in known sleep mutants as well as in acutely sleep-deprived animals. In addition to molecular tracers, SD–induced BBB changes also increased the penetration of drugs used in the treatment of brain pathologies. After chronic/genetic or acute SD, rebound sleep or administration of the sleeping aid gaboxadol normalized BBB permeability, showing that SD effects on the BBB are reversible. Along with BBB permeability, RNA levels of the BBB master regulator
moody
are modulated by sleep. Conversely, altering BBB permeability alone through glia-specific modulation of
moody, gαo, loco, lachesin
, or
neuroglian
—each a well-studied regulator of BBB function—was sufficient to induce robust sleep phenotypes. These studies demonstrate a tight link between BBB permeability and sleep and indicate a unique role for the BBB in the regulation of sleep.