bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Enhancement in Cancer Classification Accuracy Using a Two-Step Feature Selection Method Based on Artificial Neural Networks with 15 Neurons
Authors: Rahman Md Akizur , Muniyandi Ravie Chandren
Published: February 2020

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a tool that can be utilized to recognize cancer effectively. Nowadays, the risk of cancer is increasing dramatically all over the world. Detecting cancer is very difficult due to a lack of data. Proper data are essential for detecting cancer accurately. Cancer classification has been carried out by many researchers, but there is still a need to improve classification accuracy. For this purpose, in this research, a two-step feature selection (FS) technique with a 15-neuron neural network (NN), which classifies cancer with high accuracy, is proposed. The FS method is utilized to reduce feature attributes, and the 15-neuron network is utilized to classify the cancer. This research utilized the benchmark Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer (WDBC) dataset to compare the proposed method with other existing techniques, showing a significant improvement of up to 99.4% in classification accuracy. The results produced in this research are more promising and significant than those in existing papers.
Extraction of Frictional Vibration Features with Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis and Friction State Recognition
Authors: Li Jing-Ming , Wei Hai-Jun , Wei Li-Dui , Zhou Da-Ping , Qiu Ye
Published: February 2020

For the purpose of extracting the frictional vibration characteristics of the friction pair during friction and wear in different friction states, the friction and wear tests of friction pair in different friction states were conducted on a testing machine. Higher-dimensional fractal and multifractal characteristics hidden in time series can be examined by multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) method. The frictional vibration time-domain signals, the friction coefficient signals and the frictional vibration frequency-domain signals were analyzed and multifractal spectra were acquired by using the MFDFA algorithm. According to the spectra, the multifractal spectrum parameters of these signals were calculated to realize the quantitative characterization of frictional vibration characteristics in different friction states. The analysis shows that it is symmetric in the variation trends of the multifractal spectrum parameters of the frictional vibration signals and the friction coefficient data. Based on the multifractal spectrum parameters of frictional vibration, the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm was applied to establish the friction state recognition method. The results show that the multifractal spectra and their parameters can characterize the frictional vibrations, and the friction state recognition can be realized based on the multifractal spectrum parameters of frictional vibrations.
Enchytraeus crypticus Avoid Soil Spiked with Microplastic
Authors: Pflugmacher Stephan , Huttunen Johanna H. , von Wolff Marya-Anne , Penttinen Olli-Pekka , Kim Yong Jun , Kim Sanghun , Mitrovic Simon M. , Esterhuizen-Londt Maranda
Published: February 2020

Microplastics (MPs) of varying sizes are widespread pollutants in our environment. The general opinion is that the smaller the size, the more dangerous the MPs are due to enhanced uptake possibilities. It would be of considerably ecological significance to understand the response of biota to microplastic contamination both physically and physiologically. Here, we report on an area choice experiment (avoidance test) using Enchytraeus crypticus, in which we mixed different amounts of high-density polyethylene microplastic particles into the soil. In all experimental scenarios, more Enchytraeids moved to the unspiked sections or chose a lower MP-concentration. Worms in contact with MP exhibited an enhanced oxidative stress status, measured as the induced activity of the antioxidative enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase. As plastic polymers per se are nontoxic, the exposure time employed was too short for chemicals to leach from the microplastic, and as the microplastic particles used in these experiments were too large (4 mm) to be consumed by the Enchytraeids, the likely cause for the avoidance and oxidative stress could be linked to altered soil properties.
Evaluation of Existing Models to Estimate Sorption Coefficients for Ionisable Pharmaceuticals in Soils and Sludge
Authors: Carter Laura J. , Wilkinson John L. , Boxall Alistair B. A.
Published: February 2020

In order to assess the environmental risk of a pharmaceutical, information is needed on the sorption of the compound to solids. Here we use a high-quality database of measured sorption coefficients, all determined following internationally recognised protocols, to evaluate models that have been proposed for estimating sorption of pharmaceuticals from chemical structure, some of which are already being used for environmental risk assessment and prioritization purposes. Our analyses demonstrate that octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) alone is not an effective predictor of ionisable pharmaceutical sorption in soils. Polyparameter models based on pharmaceutical characteristics in combination with key soil properties, such as cation exchange capacity, increase model complexity but yield an improvement in the predictive capability of soil sorption models. Nevertheless, as the models included in this analysis were only able to predict a maximum of 71% and 67% of the sorption coefficients for the compounds to within one log unit of the corresponding measured value in soils and sludge, respectively, there is a need for new models to be developed to better predict the sorption of ionisable pharmaceuticals in soil and sludge systems. The variation in sorption coefficients, even for a single pharmaceutical across different solid types, makes this an inherently difficult task, and therefore requires a broad understanding of both chemical and sorbent properties driving the sorption process.
Polymethoxy-1-Alkenes Screening of Chlorella and Spirulina Food Supplements Coupled with In Vivo Toxicity Studies
Authors: Henao Eliana , Murphy Patrick J. , Falfushynska Halina , Horyn Oksana , Evans Daniel M. , Klimaszyk Piotr , Rzymski Piotr
Published: February 2020

Selected species of cyanobacteria and green algae have been reported to produce lipophilic polymethoxy-1-alkenes (PMAs) which were shown to exhibit in vivo teratogenicity. Considering that information on PMAs in Arthospira sp. (known commercially as Spirulina) and Chlorella sp. cultivated for food supplement production was essentially lacking, the present study screened Chlorella (n = 10) and Spirulina (n = 13) food supplements registered in the European Union. Mass spectrometry analysis of column fractionated extracts was performed. None of the four variants previously reported in some cyanobacteria and green algae, nor any potentially related structures were detected in the studied samples. Since the isolated lipophilic fractions contained various compounds, they were further screened for in vivo teratogenicity in Danio rerio embryo, and for the potential to induce oxidative stress and genotoxicity in the liver and neurotoxicity in the brain of adult zebrafish. None of the tested food supplements had detectable levels of PMAs or any potentially related structures. No teratogenicity was revealed except for spinal curvature induced by fractions obtained from two Chlorella products. Selected fractions revealed cytotoxicity as indicated by an increased level of reactive oxygen species, catalase activity, lipid peroxidation and increased frequency of DNA strand breaks in hepatic tissue. The majority (60%) of Chlorella fractions induced an increase in cholinesterase activity in zebrafish brain homogenate while exposure to 61.5% of Spirulina fractions was associated with its decrease. The present study confirms that Chlorella and Spirulina food supplements are free of teratogenic PMAs, although the observed in vivo toxicities raise questions regarding the quality of selected products.
Acute Exposure to Zearalenone Disturbs Intestinal Homeostasis by Modulating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lahjouji Tarek , Bertaccini Aurora , Neves Manon , Puel Sylvie , Oswald Isabelle P. , Soler Laura
Published: February 2020

The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN), which frequently contaminates cereal-based human food and animal feed, is known to have an estrogenic effect. The biological response associated with exposure to ZEN has rarely been reported in organs other than the reproductive system. In the intestine, several studies suggested that ZEN might stimulate molecular changes related to the activation of early carcinogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms behind these events are not yet known. In this study, we investigated gene expression and changes in protein abundance induced by acute exposure to ZEN in the jejunum of castrated male pigs using an explant model. Our results indicate that ZEN induces the accumulation of ERα but not ERβ, modulates Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling pathways, and induces molecular changes linked with energy sensing and the antimicrobial activity without inducing inflammation. Our results confirm that the intestine is a target for ZEN, inducing changes that promote cellular proliferation and could contribute to the onset of intestinal pathologies.
Insights into the Functions of eIF4E-Binding Motif of VPg in Potato Virus A Infection
Authors: Saha Shreya , Mäkinen Kristiina
Published: February 2020

The interaction between the viral protein genome-linked (VPg) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) or eIF(iso)4E of the host plays a crucial role in potyvirus infection. The VPg of potato virus A (PVA) contains the Tyr-X-X-X-X-Leu-phi (YXXXLΦ) binding motif for eIF(iso)4E. In order to investigate its role in PVA infection, we substituted the conserved tyrosine and leucine residues of the motif with alanine residues in the infectious cDNA of PVA (PVAVPgmut). PVAVPgmut RNA replicated in infiltrated leaves, but RNA accumulation remained low. Systemic infection occurred only if a reversion to wild type PVA occurred. VPg was able to stabilize PVA RNA and enhance the expression of Renilla luciferase (3’RLUC) from the 3’ end of the PVA genome. VPgmut could not support either PVA RNA stabilization or enhanced 3’RLUC expression. The RNA silencing suppressor helper-component proteinase (HCPro) is responsible for the formation of PVA-induced RNA granules (PGs) during infection. While VPgmut increased the number of PG-like foci, the percentage of PVA RNA co-localization with PGs was reduced from 86% to 20%. A testable hypothesis for future studies based on these results is that the binding of eIF(iso)4E to PVA VPg via the YXXXLΦ motif is required for PVA RNA stabilization, as well as the transfer to the RNA silencing suppression pathway and, further, to polysomes for viral protein synthesis.
Mosquito-Independent Transmission of West Nile virus in Farmed Saltwater Crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus)
Authors: Habarugira Gervais , Moran Jasmin , Colmant Agathe M.G. , Davis Steven S. , O’Brien Caitlin A. , Hall-Mendelin Sonja , McMahon Jamie , Hewitson Glen , Nair Neelima , Barcelon Jean , Suen Willy W. , Melville Lorna , Hobson-Peters Jody , Hall Roy A. , Isberg Sally R. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle
Published: February 2020

West Nile virus, Kunjin strain (WNVKUN) is endemic in Northern Australia, but rarely causes clinical disease in humans and horses. Recently, WNVKUN genomic material was detected in cutaneous lesions of farmed saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus), but live virus could not be isolated, begging the question of the pathogenesis of these lesions. Crocodile hatchlings were experimentally infected with either 105 (n = 10) or 104 (n = 11) TCID50-doses of WNVKUN and each group co-housed with six uninfected hatchlings in a mosquito-free facility. Seven hatchlings were mock-infected and housed separately. Each crocodile was rotationally examined and blood-sampled every third day over a 3-week period. Eleven animals, including three crocodiles developing typical skin lesions, were culled and sampled 21 days post-infection (dpi). The remaining hatchlings were blood-sampled fortnightly until experimental endpoint 87 dpi. All hatchlings remained free of overt clinical disease, apart from skin lesions, throughout the experiment. Viremia was detected by qRT-PCR in infected animals during 2–17 dpi and in-contact animals 11–21 dpi, indicating horizontal mosquito-independent transmission. Detection of viral genome in tank-water as well as oral and cloacal swabs, collected on multiple days, suggests that shedding into pen-water and subsequent mucosal infection is the most likely route. All inoculated animals and some in-contact animals developed virus-neutralizing antibodies detectable from 17 dpi. Virus-neutralizing antibody titers continued to increase in exposed animals until the experimental endpoint, suggestive of persisting viral antigen. However, no viral antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in any tissue sample, including from skin and intestine. While this study confirmed that infection of saltwater crocodiles with WNVKUN was associated with the formation of skin lesions, we were unable to elucidate the pathogenesis of these lesions or the nidus of viral persistence. Our results nevertheless suggest that prevention of WNVKUN infection and induction of skin lesions in farmed crocodiles may require management of both mosquito-borne and water-borne viral transmission in addition to vaccination strategies.
An Engineered Microvirin Variant with Identical Structural Domains Potently Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Cellular Entry
Authors: Shahid Munazza , Qadir Amina , Yang Jaewon , Ahmad Izaz , Zahid Hina , Mirza Shaper , Windisch Marc P. , Shahzad-ul-Hussan Syed
Published: February 2020

Microvirin (MVN) is one of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) entry inhibitor lectins, which consists of two structural domains sharing 35% sequence identity and contrary to many other antiviral lectins, it exists as a monomer. In this study, we engineered an MVN variant, LUMS1, consisting of two domains with 100% sequence identity, thereby reducing the chemical heterogeneity, which is a major factor in eliciting immunogenicity. We determined carbohydrate binding of LUMS1 through NMR chemical shift perturbation and tested its anti-HIV activity in single-round infectivity assay and its anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) activity in three different assays including HCVcc, HCVpp, and replicon assays. We further investigated the effect of LUMS1 on the activation of T helper (Th) and B cells through flow cytometry. LUMS1 showed binding to α(1-2)mannobiose, the minimum glycan epitope of MVN, potently inhibited HIV-1 and HCV with EC50 of 37.2 and 45.3 nM, respectively, and showed negligible cytotoxicity with CC50 > 10 µM against PBMCs, Huh-7.5 and HepG2 cells, and 4.9 µM against TZM-bl cells. LUMS1 did not activate Th cells, and its stimulatory effect on B cells was markedly less as compared to MVN. Together, with these effects, LUMS1 represents a potential candidate for the development of antiviral therapies.
Oxidative Stress in Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cells Induced by an Infection with Canine Distemper Virus Led to a Dysregulation of HIF-1α Downstream Pathway Resulting in a Reduced Expression of VEGF-B In Vitro
Authors: Armando Federico , Gambini Matteo , Corradi Attilio , Giudice Chiara , Pfankuche Vanessa Maria , Brogden Graham , Attig Friederike , von Köckritz-Blickwede Maren , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Puff Christina
Published: February 2020

Histiocytic sarcomas represent malignant tumors which require new treatment strategies. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a promising candidate due to its oncolytic features reported in a canine histiocytic sarcoma cell line (DH82 cells). Interestingly, the underlying mechanism might include a dysregulation of angiogenesis. Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of a persistent CDV-infection on oxidative stress mediated changes in the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and its angiogenic downstream pathway in DH82 cells in vitro. Microarray data analysis, immunofluorescence for 8-hydroxyguanosine, superoxide dismutase 2 and catalase, and flow cytometry for oxidative burst displayed an increased oxidative stress in persistently CDV-infected DH82 cells (DH82Ond pi) compared to controls. The HIF-1α expression in DH82Ond pi increased, as demonstrated by Western blot, and showed an unexpected, often sub-membranous distribution, as shown by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Furthermore, microarray data analysis and immunofluorescence confirmed a reduced expression of VEGF-B in DH82Ond pi compared to controls. In summary, these results suggest a reduced activation of the HIF-1α angiogenic downstream pathway in DH82Ond pi cells in vitro, most likely due to an excessive, unusually localized, and non-functional expression of HIF-1α triggered by a CDV-induced increased oxidative stress.
Generation of Simian Rotavirus Reassortants with VP4- and VP7-Encoding Genome Segments from Human Strains Circulating in Africa Using Reverse Genetics
Authors: Falkenhagen Alexander , Patzina-Mehling Corinna , Gadicherla Ashish K. , Strydom Amy , O’Neill Hester G. , Johne Reimar
Published: February 2020

Human rotavirus A (RVA) causes acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. The broad use of two vaccines, which are based on RVA strains from Europe and North America, significantly reduced rotavirus disease burden worldwide. However, a lower vaccine effectiveness is recorded in some regions of the world, such as sub-Saharan Africa, where diverse RVA strains are circulating. Here, a plasmid-based reverse genetics system was used to generate simian RVA reassortants with VP4 and VP7 proteins derived from African human RVA strains not previously adapted to cell culture. We were able to rescue 1/3 VP4 mono-reassortants, 3/3 VP7 mono-reassortants, but no VP4/VP7 double reassortant. Electron microscopy showed typical triple-layered virus particles for the rescued reassortants. All reassortants stably replicated in MA-104 cells; however, the VP4 reassortant showed significantly slower growth compared to the simian RVA or the VP7 reassortants. The results indicate that, at least in cell culture, human VP7 has a high reassortment potential, while reassortment of human VP4 from unadapted human RVA strains with simian RVA seems to be limited. The characterized reassortants may be useful for future studies investigating replication and reassortment requirements of rotaviruses as well as for the development of next generation rotavirus vaccines.
Reconstruction and Characterization of Full-Length Begomovirus and Alphasatellite Genomes Infecting Pepper through Metagenomics
Authors: Bornancini Verónica A. , Irazoqui José M. , Flores Ceferino R. , Vaghi Medina Carlos G. , Amadio Ariel F. , López Lambertini Paola M.
Published: February 2020

In northwestern Argentina (NWA), pepper crops are threatened by the emergence of begomoviruses due to the spread of its vector, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). The genus Begomovirus includes pathogens that can have a monopartite or bipartite genome and are occasionally associated with sub-viral particles called satellites. This study characterized the diversity of begomovirus and alphasatellite species infecting pepper in NWA using a metagenomic approach. Using RCA-NGS (rolling circle amplification-next generation sequencing), 19 full-length begomovirus genomes (DNA-A and DNA-B) and one alphasatellite were assembled. This ecogenomic approach revealed six begomoviruses in single infections: soybean blistering mosaic virus (SbBMV), tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV), tomato yellow vein streak virus (ToYVSV), tomato dwarf leaf virus (ToDfLV), sida golden mosaic Brazil virus (SiGMBRV), and a new proposed species, named pepper blistering leaf virus (PepBLV). SbBMV was the most frequently detected species, followed by ToYSV. Moreover, a new alphasatellite associated with ToYSV, named tomato yellow spot alphasatellite 2 (ToYSA-2), was reported for the first time in Argentina. For the Americas, this was the first report of an alphasatellite found in a crop (pepper) and in a weed (Leonurus japonicus). We also detected intra-species and inter-species recombination.
Glacial Lake Inventory and Lake Outburst Flood/Debris Flow Hazard Assessment after the Gorkha Earthquake in the Bhote Koshi Basin
Authors: Liu Mei , Chen Ningsheng , Zhang Yong , Deng Mingfeng
Published: February 2020

Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOF) evolve into debris flows by erosion and sediment entrainment while propagating down a valley, which highly increases peak discharge and volume and causes destructive damage downstream. This study focuses on GLOF hazard assessment in the Bhote Koshi Basin (BKB), where was highly developed glacial lakes and was intensely affected by the Gorkha earthquake. A new 2016 glacial lake inventory was established, and six unreported GLOF events were identified with geomorphic outburst evidence from GaoFen-1 satellite images and Google Earth. A new method was proposed to assess GLOF hazard, in which large numbers of landslides triggered by earthquake were considered to enter into outburst floods enlarge the discharge and volume of debris flow in the downstream. Four GLOF hazard classes were derived according to glacial lake outburst potential and a flow magnitude assessment matrix, in which 11 glacial lakes were identified to have very high hazard and 24 to have high hazard. The GLOF hazard in BKB increased after the earthquake due to landslide deposits, which increased by 216.03 × 106 m3, and provides abundant deposits for outburst floods to evolve into debris flows. We suggest that in regional GLOF hazard assessment, small glacial lakes should not be overlooked for landslide deposit entrainment along a flood route that would increase the peak discharge, especially in earthquake-affected areas where large numbers of landslides were triggered.
Machine Learning to Evaluate Impacts of Flood Protection in Bangladesh, 1983–2014
Authors: Manandhar Achut , Fischer Alex , Bradley David J. , Salehin Mashfiqus , Islam M. Sirajul , Hope Rob , Clifton David A.
Published: February 2020

Impacts of climate change adaptation strategies need to be evaluated using principled methods spanning sectors and longer time frames. We propose machine-learning approaches to study the long-term impacts of flood protection in Bangladesh. Available data include socio-economic survey and events data (death, migration, etc.) from 1983–2014. These multidecadal data, rare in their extent and quality, provide a basis for using machine-learning approaches even though the data were not collected or designed to assess the impact of the flood control investments. We test whether the embankment has affected the welfare of people over time, benefiting those living inside more than those living outside. Machine-learning approaches enable learning patterns in data to help discriminate between two groups: here households living inside vs. outside. They also help identify the most informative indicators of discrimination and provide robust metrics to evaluate the quality of the model. Overall, we find no significant difference between inside/outside populations based on welfare, migration, or mortality indicators. However, we note a significant difference in inward/outward movement with respect to the embankment. While certain data gaps and spatial heterogeneity in sampled populations suggest caution in any conclusive interpretation of the flood protection infrastructure, we do not see higher benefits accruing to those living with higher levels of protection. This has implications for Bangladesh’s planning for future and more extreme climate futures, including the national Delta Plan, and global investments in climate resilient infrastructure to create positive social impacts.
Application of Remote Sensing Methods to Study the Relief of Lowland River Valleys with a Complex Geological Structure—A Case Study of the Bug River
Authors: Ostrowski Piotr , Falkowski Tomasz
Published: February 2020

River valleys of the Central European Lowlands are the zones of the highest dynamics of morphogenic processes. In the case of areas affected by glacial processes, despite their lowland nature, often they also have a complex geological structure. Sub-alluvial bedrock, composed of erosion-resistant deposits, commonly forms morphological protrusions within them. Their presence significantly affects both the course of flood flows and the valley floor relief. Effective forecasting of fluvial processes in such valley reaches requires conducting research within the entire geomorphologically active zone, both in the channel and the floodplain. The effectiveness of such research should be enhanced by simultaneous use of several different remote sensing methods, including short-range remote sensing. The verification of this hypothesis was the aim of the presented works. Such methods were used in the study of morphodynamics of a Bug valley reach. This area is characterized by a complex geological structure. High-resolution multispectral satellite images (VHRs) and a digital elevation model (DEM) based on aerial laser scanning (ALS) were used to examine the terrain relief. The morphology of the river channel itself was determined based on a series of bathymetric measurements made by a research team. Due to induced climate change and increasing maximum flow values, it can be assumed that the effect of a geological structure in the Central European Lowlands will play an increasing role. The threat and losses associated with floods will also increase. Rational flood prevention requires improvement of remote sensing research methods in lowland river valleys, especially those with complex geological structures. The valley reach presented in this article is an example of such a landform.
The Evolution of Interfaces for Underwater Supersonic Gas Jets
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyuan , Li Shipeng , Yu Dian , Yang Baoyu , Wang Ningfei
Published: February 2020

The evolution of interfaces for underwater gas jets is the main morphological manifestation of two-phase unstable interaction. The high-speed transient photographic recording and image post-processing methods are used to obtain the interfacial change in a submerged gaseous jet at different stages after its ejection from the Laval nozzle exit. The relationship between the pressure pulsation in the wake flow field and the interfacial change is further analyzed by combining the experimental results with computational results. A theoretical model is employed to address the competition dominant mechanism of interface instability. The results show that the jet interface of a supersonic gas jet gradually changes from one containing wave structures to a transition structure, and finally forms a steady-state conical jet. The fluctuation of the jet interface results in the pulsation of the back-pressure. The dominant mechanism of the interface changes with the development and distribution of the jet, from Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) instability beyond the nozzle exit changing to Rayleigh-Taylor (R-T) instability in the downstream.
From Siddis to Dalits: Racial Prejudice in India, the Legacy of the Caste System
Authors: Matthew Athyal Jesudas
Published: February 2020

The African nations and India have several common features, and both were the subjects of colonial exploitation and oppression for a long period. Yet, in recent decades, the thousands of African students in India have faced harassment and intimidation at the hands of the local public. Why is there so much hostility between the people of the two regions? What makes the African students and youth in India tick against the backdrop of xenophobia and socioeconomic deprivation? In attempting to answer these questions, this paper argues that the discrimination the African diaspora communities experience in India is rooted in India’s identity as a society built on the Hindu system of caste hierarchy. The paper further points out that the African indigenous religions and cultures, on arrival in India, blended with the local traditions in the process providing a spiritual and emotional anchor for the immigrants.
Transmissão de conhecimento nos terreiros: O Terreiro Santa Bárbara do Portão do Gelo entre a modernidade e a tradição
Authors: Dantas Pereira Campos Zuleica
Published: February 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é averiguar o processo de modernização ocorrido nas religiões afro-brasileiras e a importância atribuída à produção escrita e visual no processo de aprendizado dos devotos do terreiro Santa Bárbara do Portão do Gelo (Ilê Axé Oyá Meguê ou Terreiro de Xambá, como é mais conhecido). Para tanto, utilizo-me do conceito de hibridação, de Nestor García Canclini que o concebe como resultado imprevisto de processos migratórios de trocas econômicas, comunicacionais, entre outros. A partir de investigações de campo, busco demonstrar que os xambazeiros perpetuam sua tradição e seus conhecimentos através de processos híbridos e de reconversão, para acompanhar as transformações exigidas pelo mundo afro religioso contemporâneo.
Artes visuais e rituais umbandistas: uma experiência poética com os objetos cerâmicos utilizados no pejí de Mãe Isabel
Authors: Santana Oliveira Reis Luisa Magaly
Published: February 2020

Este artigo expõe os resultados poéticos alcançados na pesquisa em artes visuais, realizada em 2014, no pejí de Mãe Isabel, zeladora de inquice, na cidade de Juazeiro – BA. A partir de dados coletados em visitas e entrevistas à Mãe Isabel, referentes aos objetos cerâmicos utilizados nos rituais umbandistas, foi possível estabelecer relações entre Arte, Natureza e Umbanda. A compreensão de elementos poéticos visuais e rituais a partir desses objetos contribuiu para a construção de instalações artísticas, resultantes das contenções (aquilo que pode ser contido) e transbordamentos (aquilo que não pode ser contido). A análise do uso do ibá sagrado de Umbanda junto aos processos de criação em artes visuais resultou em uma exposição individual denominada “Cerâmica encantada: objetos de contenções”.
Rural financial intermediation and poverty reduction in Ghana: A micro-level analysis
Authors: Danquah Michael , Iddrisu Abdul Malik , Ohemeng Williams , Barimah Alfred
Published: February 2020

The financial sector in rural areas, where most of the poor people in sub-Saharan Africa are found, has transformed massively in recent times, notably through the increased penetration of several types of rural financial intermediaries in addition to rural and community banks and microfinance institutions. Using recent household survey data, we ascertain the access of rural populations to various types of financial services, and the influence of rural financial intermediation on poverty reduction, in Ghana. By accounting for the potential endogeneity of access to financial services, we show that rural households with access to basic financial services are significantly more likely to be non-poor than those without such access. In order to more sustainably tackle the goal, highlighted in the Sustainable Development Goals, of eliminating global hunger or extreme poverty, the poor must be allowed to obtain meaningful access to financial services through the design of efficient pro-poor financial products.
ANALISA PENUMBUKAN: KAJIAN AWAL PERANCANGAN ALAT PRESS UNTUK MEDIA TANAM JAMUR TIRAM
Authors: Pusvyta Yeny , Andayani Ratih Diah
Published: February 2020

Budidaya jamur tiram cukup menjanjikan dalam memenuhi permintaan pasar yang tinggi sekaligus membuka peluang bagi wirausaha baru untuk mulai berbisnis jamur tersebut. Ada beberapa tahapan budidaya jamur tiram, diantaranya mempersiapkan media tanam khusus yang sesuai bagi tumbuh kembang jamur tersebut. Media tanam ditempatkan dalan baglog dengan komposisi, kelembaban dan kepadatan tertentu. Membeli media tanam jamur tiram yang siap tanam, atau membuat sendiri dengan mesin, akan membuat ongkos produksi menjadi besar. Sedangkan membuat sendiri secara manual dengan cuma menggunakan alat tumbuk saja,akan memakan waktu cukup lama dan menimbulkan kelelahan. Penelitian ini sebagai kajian awal perancangan alat press manual sederhana, yang bertujuan untuk meringankan kerja pembuatan media tanam jamur tiram dalam media baglog yang konvensional tapi berharga murah. Data dimensi sampel baglog dan frekwensi tumbukan dengan menggunakan alat penumbuk  pada saat pemadatan baglog, serta eksperimen dengan variasi ketinggian saat alat penumbuk jatuh bebas, dianalisa kecenderungan nilainya. Dari pengolahan data eksperimen di dapat total perhitungan waktu waktu tumbukan ideal untuk memadatkan sebuah baglog minimal pada eksperimen jatuh bebas terjadi pada ketinggian 60 cm yaitu membutuhkan lama penumbukan sebesar 7,474 detik.

Kata kunci : sampel baglog, jamur tiram, ongkos produksi, alat penumbuk, jatuh bebas
DESAIN TURAP UNTUK PENANGGULANGAN GERUSAN TEBING SUNGAI MUSI SEPANJANG 600 METER SEBERANG ULU (KAMPUNG KAPITEN-JEMBATAN MUSI II) DI KOTA PALEMBANG
Authors: Aurdin Yulyana
Published: February 2020

Sungai Musi merupakan salah satu sungai besar di Indonesia yang memiliki panjang 750 km membelah kota Palembang menjadi dua bagian kawasan yaitu seberang ilir di bagian utara dan seberang ulu di bagian selatan. Pada sisi tebing kiri dan kanan sungai Musi banyak terdapat bangunan rumah. Untuk menghindari tepi sungai tidak terjadi longsor, dilakukan upaya penanggulangan gerusan tepi sungai Musi dan supaya seberang Ulu tertata lebih rapi seperti seberang Ilir disepanjang tepian sungai Musi. Penahan dinding yang direncanakan diharapkan mampu menahan beban lateral tanah dan beban luar baik berupa statik maupun dinamik yang bekerja. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan survei topografi berupa situasi dan topografi disekitar lokasi turap, analisis hidrometri berupa survei batimetri untuk mengetahui penampang melintang sungai, survei kecepatan arus dan pasang surut sungai Musi. Analisis mekanika tanah berupa data hasil pengujian sondir dan hasil bor untuk menentukan kedalaman tiang pancang yang dapat tertanam pada tanah padat. Perkuatan tebing yang direncanakan di desain tidak menutup akses dari darat ke sungai yang telah ada dan ada penambahkan dermaga-dermaga kecil untuk bersandarnya perahu-perahu kecil masyarakat. Sepanjang sisi perkuatan tebing juga direncanakan untuk ditanami berbagai jenis pepohonan untuk menambah keindahan pinggiran sungai Musi. Media untuk pepohonan (taman) direncanakan selebar 2,5 m dari sisi turap.

Kata kunci : Turap, Perkuatan Tebing, Sungai Musi
PEMBUATAN BESI COR NODULAR
Authors: Asmadi Asmadi , Afriany Reny
Published: February 2020

Besi Cor Nodular (BCN) yang juga Besi Cor Ulet (ductile), karena sifat-sifat mekaniknya banyak kesesuaian dengan sifat komponen-komponen mesin saat ini. Suatu pengkajian yang membahas tentang keterkaitan antara prosen pembuatan BCN yang memuat banyak variabel dengan metoda optimasinya sangat perlu dilakukan guna mendapatkan suatu bentuk proses pembuatan BCN yang optimum baik ditinjau dari segi teknologi maupun ekonomi. Studi kasus yang dilakukan saat ini adalah pembahasan tentang Metoda Optimasi dengan parameter Komposisi kimia Base material yang digunakan dalam proses pembuatan BCN.

Kata Kunci:  nodular, ductile, optimasi,  base material
PENGARUH ELEKTRODA TERHADAP TEGANGAN SISA DAN SIFAT MEKANIK PADA PENGELASAN BAJA
Authors: Asmadi Asmadi , Ilmi Bahrul
Published: February 2020

Pada proses pengelasan SMAW terdapat berbagai type elektroda dengan berbagai ukuran diameter dan kandungan unsurnya, semuanya itu dilakukan untuk menyesuaikan dengan sifat logam induk dan ketebalannya  dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh kualitas las yang sempurna khususnya sifat mekanik setelah dilakukan proses pengelasan. Pengelasan dilakukan terhadap baja  dengan kandung 0,37%C, 1,65%Ni, 0,9%Cr dan 0,30%Mo. Peroses pengelasan dilakukan dengan memvariasikan elektroda tapi dengan diameter yang sama dan arus yang dipakai sama 150 A. Kajian penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sifat mekanik yang terjadi berdasarkan hasil uji Tarik, uji Kekerasan, dan perhitungan tegangan sisa. Hasil pengujian Kekerasan tertinggi pada E7018 sebesar 454,63 pada daerah HAZ dan hasil Uji Tarik E7016 sebesar 66,3 kg/mm2 dan regangan nya juga besar shg patahanya bersifat ulet. Hasil perhitungan tegangan sisa Tarik terendah pada logam las 1,452 kg/mm2 E7016 dan logam induk tegangan sisa tekan terbesar – 0,902 kg/mm2 E7018.

Kata Kunci: tegangan sisa, pengelasan SMAW, elektroda
ANALISA STABILITAS LERENG BADAN JALAN TERHADAP LONGSOR DENGAN METODE FINITE ELEMENT (FEM) PADA RUAS JALAN MUARA ENIM – LAHAT – TEBING TINGGI
Authors: Puspita Norma
Published: February 2020

Longsor pada badan jalan pada wilayah dengan topografi pegunungan disebabkan oleh menurunnya kuat geser tanah akibat adanya rembesan dalam tanah dan peningkatan tegangan tanah yang ditimbulkan oleh meningkatnya beban lalu lintas. Analisa pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar faktor keamanan pada kondisi eksisiting dan metode perkuatan lereng yang harus digunakan untuk mencegah terjadinya longsor pada badan jalan di ruas jalan Muara Enim – Lahat. Analisa stabilitas lereng menggunakan metode elemen hingga Plaxis dengan pemodelan keruntuhan Mohr, yang disebut dengan analisa Phi-c reduction. Berdasarkan hasil analisa stabilitas lereng pada kondisi eksisting di 3 lokasi yaitu KM 165+200, KM 190+900, dan KM 197+770 menunjukkan faktor keamanan mendekati kondisi kritis berturut – turut sebesar 1.019, 1.026, dan 1.075. Faktor keamanan tersebut jika terjadi penambahan beban lalu lintas dan rembesan akan menyebabkan kondisi lereng menjadi kritis dan terjadi longsong. Sehingga harus dilakukan perkuatan pada lereng. Hasil analisa stabilitas lereng setelah perkuatan sheet pile dan bored pile menunjukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan faktor keamanan berturut – turut sebesar 1.332, 1.424, dan 1.231.

Kata Kunci: FEM, Plaxis, Lereng, Jalan,
PERHITUNGAN BIAYA PENGELASAN TERHADAP KETEBALAN PELAT DAN JENIS SAMBUNGAN LAS di PT. “B”
Authors: Husni Tarmizi
Published: February 2020

Dalam proses produksi manufaktur proses pengelasan merupakan proses yang sangat pital untuk menyambung dua buah logam.  Dalam penentuan harga jual produk secara konvensional biasanya ditentukan berdasarkan pada berat benda tersebut.   Untuk memperkirakan besarnya biaya pengelasan, terdapat berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi antara lain;  jenis logam yang akan dipergunakan dalam pengelasan, jenis dari sambungan las yang akan dipakai, ketebalan dari bahan yang akan di las, kecepatan leleh dari elektroda pengelasan serta posisi dari proses pengelasan. Penelitian ini menggunakan variasi terhadap ketebalan plat dan sambungan las kemudian dihitung besarnya biaya dalam proses pengelasan tersebut. Untuk menentukan besarnya biaya tersebut dipergunakan metode penelitian waktu, sehingga biaya-biaya yang akan terakumulasi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari biaya elektroda, biaya peralatan, biaya listrik dan biaya tenaga kerja. Dari hasil analisa yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini didapat bahwa  dalam proses pengelasan biaya yang besar diserap oleh biaya elektroda, kemudian biaya terbesar dari jenis sambungan las adalah dalam melakukan pengelasan dengan sambungan las lurus serta posisi pengelasan secara vertikal memberikan biaya paling besar.

Kata Kunci : Biaya, Pengelasan SMAW, Sambungan Las, Deposit
ANALISA KEGAGALAN PIPA SUPERHEATER PADA BOILER TIPE PIPA AIR
Authors: Sukadi Sukadi , Novarini Novarini
Published: February 2020

Pipa superheater sering mengalami permasalahan yaitu terjadi pecah pada permukaan didinding pipa. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kerusakan pipa superheater diakibatkan oleh terjadinya overheating selama boiler beroperasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam  analisa terjadinya overheating dengan menganalisa permukaan pipa yang retak dengan pengamatan visual,  pengujian struktur mikro dan uji kekerasan Vickers. Hasil Analisa pengamatan visual didapatkan kerusakan pecah pipa superheater berbentuk mulut ikan dan terjadi  penggembungan. Hasil  pengujian kekerasan didapatkan pada pipa superheater yang rusak memiliki kekerasan yang lebih rendah dibanding pada bagian pipa yang tidak rusak. Dari hasil pengujian struktur mikro didapatkan diameter butiran pada pipa superheater yang rusak sebesar 0,0755 µm dan pada bagian yang tidak rusak sebesar 0,0534 µm. Dari hasil pengematan visual, uji kekerasan, uji struktur mikro kemungkinan terjadinya retak dikarenakan overheating pada pipa superheater.
ANALISA PENGARUH JARAK KATODA DAN ANODA DALAM PROSES ELEKTROPLATING ALUMINIUM TERHADAP LAJU KOROSI
Authors: Djunaidi Rita , Zahara Siti , Yakub Herlangga
Published: February 2020

ABSTRAK

 

Proses Electroplating yaitu proses pelapisan logam dengan logam lain dalam suatu larutan elektrolit dengan pembiasan arus listrik.Tujuan proses Electroplating untuk melindungi logam dari Korosi, menambah daya tahan Gesekan, menambah Kekerasan dan membuat benda tampak lebih menarik. Dengan ini peneliti melakukan pengujian jarak Katoda dan Anoda dalam proses Elekroplanting Aluminium terhadap laju Korosi. Dengan jarak spesimen 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm dengan masing – masing 3 sampel benda uji. Pengujian laju Korosi ini dilakukan selama 264 jam dengan menggunakan cairan Korosif H2SO4 sebanyak 800 ml. Pada specimen jarak 10 cm benda uji Aluminium sebelum pelapisan 13,7089 gr. Pada Specimen jarak 15 cm sebelum pelapisan 13,7192 gr. Sedangkan pada Specimen jarak 20 cm sebelum pelapisan 13,8271 gr. Setelah dilakukan pengujian laju Korosi untuk Specimen jarak 15 cm mengalami kerusakan laju Korosi proses kehilangan berat yang paling sedikit yaitu 0,4429 gr, dibandingkan dengan Specimen jarak 10 cm dan Specimen jarak 20 cm. Yaitu Specimen 10 cm sebesar 0,5071 gr, dan pada Specimen 20 cm sebesar 04,548 gr. Untuk hasil perhitungan laju Korosi pada fase pertama dan kedua termasuk kedalam klasifikasi sangat baik dikarenakan material Aluminium, Chrome dan Nikel memiliki ketahanan Korosi yang baik.

 Kata kunci : Jarak Katoda dan Anoda, Laju Korosi
KAJIAN OPTIMALISASI JARINGAN IRIGASI TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN DAN KEBUTUHAN AIR PADA PERSAWAHAN STUDI KASUS JARINGAN IRIGASI “MAJU MAKMUR” DESA JEBUS KEC. JEBUS KABUPATEN BANGKA BARAT
Authors: Sahbar Robi , T Pujiono
Published: February 2020

Kondisi existing jaringan irigasi “Maju Makmur” di Desa Jebus (Transmigrasi) Seluas 50 Ha, belum bisa di manfaatkan untuk pertanian (khususnya tanaman padi), karena sumber air untuk kebutuhan air irigasi yang ada (sungai rotan) tidak bisa dipakai (Ph air saluran/sungai dan Ph air tanah < 5) dan tata air mikro belumo optimal, sedangkan pada lokasi di desa Jebus terdapat kolong/ kolam tampungan air hujan dengan volume air tersedia = 117.401,50 m3, Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan kajian optimalisasi ketersediaan air yang ada dengan kebutuhan air untuk pelayanan kebutuhan air irigasi dan pengembangan jaringan tata air mikro beserta bangunan air yang diperlukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di daerah persawahan irigasi “Jaya Makmur” Desa Jebus Kabupaten Bangka Barat dengan metode observasi lapangan. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan pengukuran langsung di lokasi penelitian, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari instansi terkait. Dari data-data tersebut kemudian dianalisis untuk memperoleh hasil evaluasi terhadap keterdediaan dan kebutuhan air pada lahan persawahan (khususnya tanaman padi). Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai kebutuhan air irigasi maksimum sebesar 0,731 lt/det/Ha dan diperlukan pengembangan dan peningkatan jaringan irigasi (tata air mikro), dengan sistem irigasi teknis permukaan, antara lain : pengambilan sumber air dari kolong/ kolam tampungan yang ada, dengan Ph air > 5 (hasil tes laboratorium), pembangunan bendungan, pembuatan saluran pembawa dan pembuang terpisah, pemasangan pintu pengatur air, pemasangan saluran pipa pembawa ke lahan pertanian, pembuatan bangunan box pembawa dan pemasangan pintu fiber klep untuk penangkis air asin dari sungai rotan.

Kata Kunci : Jaringan Irigasi, Ketersediaan, Kebutuhan, Optimalisasi dan Pengembangan
MODIFIKASI FORMULA ENTERAL RUMAH SAKIT SIAP SEDUH
Authors: Lestari Suci , Rahmawati A Meika , Shita J Dewi , Eka T Listiyani
Published: February 2020

Latar Belakang : Rumah Sakit dr Kariadi menggunakan formula komersial (FK) untuk oral nutrition supplement (ONS) dan enteral feeding. Penggunaan FK dipandang lebih superior dibanding formula rumah sakit (FRS) dari segi keamanan pangan serta masa kadaluwarsa yang lebih lama, namun penggunaan FK enteral lebih mahal dari FRS. Perlu adanya modifikasi FRS dengan keamanan pangan yang optimal dan biaya lebih terjangkau.

Tujuan : Mengembangkan FRS bubuk siap seduh dan menganalisis kandungan zat gizi, mutu mikrobiologi, mutu fisik, mutu organoleptik dan biaya Metode : Penelitian univariat dengan desain penelitian deskriptif.

Hasil ; Energi formula enteral dalam 1000 ml adalah 994,07 kkal, protein 37,2 gr, lemak 26,8 gr, dan karbohidrat 150,6 gr. Hasil uji Total Plate Count adalah 0,9 x 102 CFU/ml (Uji pertama) dan 1,1 x 102 CFU/ml (Uji kedua). Tidak ditemukan bakteri E.Coli dan Staphylococcus. Hasil uji viskositas adalah 10,02 Cp, densitas kalori sebesar 0,994 kkal dalam 1 ml formula. Hasil uji organoleptik menyatakan sebagian besar panelis suka terhadap kekentalan (80%), warna (95%), aroma (85%) dan rasa (75%) modifikasi FRS. Uji daya simpan dengan uji Thiobarbituric Acid diperoleh hasil MO 0,1014 dengan duplo 0,1716 (mg malonaldehid/kg sampel). Hasil M1 0,4914 dengan duplo 0,4914 (mg malonaldehid/kg sampel). Biaya FRS Rp. 39.586,80/1000 ml.

Simpulan ; Kandungan gizi sesuai dengan komposisi umum untuk Indonesia, hasil uji mikrobiologi dan daya simpan dalam batas aman sesuai SNI, lebih dari 80 % sensory panelis menyukai FRS bubuk berdasar uji organoleptik. Biaya bahan lebih murah dibandingkan formula enteral komersial.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KONSUMSI AIR PUTIH DENGAN DENYUT NADI PADA TENAGA KERJA PRIA DI CV LAKSANA KAROSERI SEMARANG
Authors: Sancitawati Ni Komang Agnes
Published: February 2020

Latar Belakang : Beban pekerjaan pada tenaga kerja berbeda tergantung pada jenis dan lama pekerjaan yang dilakukan, denyut nadi dipakai sebagai indikator untuk mengetahui berat atau ringannya beban kerja pada pekerja. Kurangnya konsumsi air putih menjadi salah satu faktorterjadinya peningkatan denyut nadi.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi air putih dengan denyut nadi pada tenaga kerja pria di CV Laksana Karoseri Semarang.

Metode: Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tenaga kerja pria bagian produksi, Sampel 98 responden diambil dengan teknik Random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank (a = 0,05). Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasional denganmenggunakan pendekatan cross sectional, instrumen penelitian ini adalah menggunakan formulir Recall konsumsi air putih diukur menggunakan metode recall-24 jam dan denyut nadi diukur menggunakan metode 10 denyutan.

Hasil: Konsumsi air putih memiliki kategori yang termasuk cukup minum sebanyak 60,2% (59 responden) dan kategori kurang minum sebanyak 39,8% (39 responden). Beban kerja responden yang dikategorikan tidak terjadi kelelahan sebanyak 66,3% (65 responden), sedang 26,5% (26 responden), berat 6,1% (6 responden) dan sangat berat sekali 1,0% (1 responden). Tidak ada hubungan antara konsumsi air putih dengan denyut nadi pada tenaga kerja pria di CV Laksana Karoseri Semarang (p= 0,862).

Simpulan :Tidak ada hubungan antara konsumsi air putih dengan denyut nadi pada tenaga kerja pria di CV Laksana Karoseri Semarang.