bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance and failure process of green recycling solutions for preparing high degradation resistance coating on biomedical magnesium alloys
Authors: Qin Jin , Shi Xiaoting , Li Hongyu , Zhao Rongfang , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Shufang , Ding Liyun , Cui Xuejun , Zhao Ying , Zhang Rongfa
Published: October 2022

Natural Na12Phy enhanced the property of MAO coatings on Mg alloys and was hydrolyzed from an anti-nutrient into absorbed inorganic phosphates and a series of lower inositol phosphates. 50% MAO waste solution was not toxic to Pengze crucian carp.
Sustainable production of rare oleanane-type ginsenoside Ro with an artificial glycosylation pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ren Shichao , Sun Qiuyan , Zhang Liang , Sun Wentao , Li Yongxing , Feng Xudong , Li Chun
Published: October 2022

S. cerevisiae was genetically reprogrammed to produce ginsenoside Ro with seven exogenous enzymes from five species. This study also paved a good way for the synthesis of other complex glycosides of triterpenoids.
Importance of photophosphatidylserine and Tim-3 in photoimmunotherapy
Authors: Sharma Akshansh , Kumar Arun , Pandey Sadanand , Kumar Deepak
Published: October 2022

Natural killer (NK) cells help regulate autoimmune reactions, but overactivation causes harm.
Separation and recovery of graphite from spent lithium–ion batteries for synthesizing micro-expanded sorbents
Authors: Geng Zhiwei , Liu Junjie , Geng Yanni , Peng Mingming , Xiong Mopeng , Shi Hui , Luo Xubiao
Published: October 2022

A new class of carbon adsorbent based on spent graphite is developed for the treatment of dye wastewater.
Hexaphenylbenzene-based fluorescent probes for the detection of fluoride ions
Authors: Dalkilic Oguzhan , Bozkurt Ebru , Kilic Haydar
Published: October 2022

Novel hexaphenylbenzene derivatives (HPB-1 and HPB-2) were synthesized and their sensing abilities were investigated.
Rh(i)-catalyzed site-selective hydroacylation of alkenyl-bearing allylic alcohols with non-chelating aldehydes controlled by in situ generated carbonyl group
Authors: Wang Fu-Gang , Gong Fei-Yuan , Cao Juan , Wang Ji-Cong , Tian Kai-Qiang , Zhao Jinbo , Li Hong-Shuang
Published: October 2022

A rhodium(i)-catalyzed hydroacylation process allows the regioselective synthesis of 1,5-diketones from alkenyl-bearing allylic alcohols involving a stable six-membered rhodacycle intermediate.
Enhanced energy harvester performance by a tension annealed carbon nanotube yarn at extreme temperatures
Authors: Hu Xinghao , Bao Xianfu , Wang Jian , Zhou Xiaoshuang , Hu Hongwei , Wang Luhua , Rajput Shailendra , Zhang Zhongqiang , Yuan Ningyi , Cheng Guanggui , Ding Jianning
Published: October 2022

Carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns generate electrical energy when they were stretched in an electrolyte, and they have been exploited for diverse applications such as self-powered sensors and human health monitoring systems.
Remote arylalkylation of unactivated alkenesvia6- or 7-membered nickelacycles with excellent diastereofidelity
Authors: Zhao Junsong , Bao Linyan , Zhu Lin , Zhao Lei , Ding Luyao , Guan Wei , Wang Chao
Published: October 2022

We developed a nickel-catalyzed remote arylalkylation of unactivated alkenesviakinetically and thermodynamically disfavored 6- and 7-membered nickelacycles.
Hypochlorous acid-activated two-photon fluorescent probe for evaluation of anticancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity and screening of antioxidant drugs
Authors: Liu Kaiqiang , Zhang Jian , Li Xinxin , Xie Yingying , Li Yong , Wang Xu , Jiao Xiaoyun , Xie Xilei , Tang Bo
Published: October 2022

THPIC was developed to detect HClO in lysosomes. The results showed that HClO could be used as a biomarker for evaluating drug-induced cardiotoxicity, and THPIC could be applied as a platform for screening drugs to prevent cardiotoxicitys.
A resistive sensor for humidity detection based on cellulose/polyaniline
Authors: Ragazzini Ilaria , Castagnoli Riccardo , Gualandi Isacco , Cassani Maria Cristina , Nanni Daniele , Gambassi Francesca , Scavetta Erika , Bernardi Elena , Ballarin Barbara
Published: October 2022

Preparation of highly conductive polyaniline-coated cellulose sheets for the fabrication of humidity sensors via a simple, inexpensive, and robust method. These sensors show a linear, rapid, and reliable response for humidity cycling.
A Ferrier glycosylation/cis-dihydroxylation strategy to synthesizeLeishmaniaspp. lipophosphoglycan-associated βGal(1,4)Man disaccharide
Authors: Budhathoki Dipesh , Deore Bhavesh , Finn M. G. , Sanhueza Carlos A.
Published: October 2022

The Galβ(1→4)Man disaccharide, found in the cell surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG) ofLeishmaniaspecies, has been synthesized by a Ferrier glycosylation/cis-dihydroxylation strategy.
Phonological Awareness and Working Memory in Mandarin-Speaking Preschool-Aged Children With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Zhang Hao , Ma Wen , Ding Hongwei , Peng Gang , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Cochlear implants (CIs) provide significant benefits for profoundly deaf children in their language and cognitive development. However, it remains unclear whether Mandarin-speaking young children with early implantation can develop age-equivalent phonological awareness (PA) skill and working memory (WM) capacity as their normal hearing (NH) peers. The aim of this study was to investigate PA and WM in preschool-aged children with or without hearing loss and to examine the relationship between the two basic skills.

Method:

The data were collected from 16 Mandarin-speaking preschoolers with CIs and 16 age-matched children with NH. All preschool participants were instructed to complete four phonological detection tasks and four digit span tasks. Linear mixed-effects modeling was performed to evaluate PA and WM performances between two groups across different tasks.

Results:

CI preschoolers showed comparable performances on par with NH controls in phonological detections and visual digit spans. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between phonological detections and auditory digit spans in preschool-aged children with CIs.

Conclusion:

With early implantation, the congenitally deaf children were capable of developing age-appropriate PA skill and WM capacity, which have practical implications for aural rehabilitation in this special pediatric population.
Training School Professionals in a Global Pandemic: Insights From Elementary Education and Speech-Language Pathology
Authors: Bowers Lisa , Young Heather D. , Glade Rachel
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this research was to explore the preparation of practitioners from two disciplines—speech-language pathology and elementary education—who often work together in a school setting to identify ways to best support future professionals in their educational practicum settings. The primary research questions guiding this investigation were as follows: Did the student teaching and supervision experiences of preservice K–6 teachers (PSTs) and their mentors and speech-language pathology graduate student clinicians and their supervisors differ during the COVID-19 pandemic, and if so, in what ways?

Method:

A total of 54 participants from one university participated in this study from four groups: 15 graduate student clinicians in a speech-language pathology program, 14 speech-language pathology supervisors, 14 PSTs, and 11 teacher mentors. Survey questions were designed to capture the perceptions of students and supervisors in the fields of speech-language pathology and elementary education who were in the school setting during the fall 2020 semester. Quantitative and qualitative questions were included to obtain information related to the following areas: planning, environment, supervision preferences, team experiences, professional development, and telepractice.

Results:

Speech-language pathologists and teacher mentors reported being able to successfully mentor and supervise students in the school setting despite significant challenges presented by the global pandemic. Findings also identified several significant differences in the experiences of PSTs and speech-language pathology graduate student clinicians who were in the schools for field experiences.

Conclusions:

Overall, speech-language pathology graduate student clinicians and their supervisors as well as PSTs and their teacher mentors reported adequately navigating their field experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for how these findings can inform professional preparation programs to optimize future educational and therapy outcomes for students are discussed.
Shaping the role of the digital twins for human‐robot dyad: Connotations, scenarios, and future perspectives
Authors: Elbasheer Mohaiad , Longo Francesco , Mirabelli Giovanni , Nicoletti Letizia , Padovano Antonio , Solina Vittorio
Published: October 2022

The field of Human‐Robot Interaction (HRI) represents one of the fast‐growing focus areas of Digital Twins (DTs). However, the role of DTs applications in human‐robot collaborative systems is still uncertain. This review article provides a comprehensive perspective of DTs' critical design aspects (i.e. Objectives, associate technologies, and application scenarios) in the broad application areas of human‐robot systems. This article uses a multi‐faceted approach to comprehend 43 DTs' state‐of‐the‐art applications in HRI. The study investigates the literature body across two dimensions (i.e. DT roles and HRI application characteristics). The conclusion of this work draws the attention of the relevant scientific community towards potential DTs' application scenarios and provides insights into DT's future research directions.
High‐performance integrated mid‐infrared filter arrays
Authors: Hakkel Kaylee D. , van Elst Don M.J. , Petruzzella Maurangelo , Ebermann Martin , Pagliano Francesco , van Klinken Anne , Fiore Andrea
Published: October 2022

A static filter array is developed based on Fabry–Perot cavities operating in the mid‐infrared range from  2 to 4.5 µm, matching the absorption region of several gases relevant for air quality monitoring. The filters include two distributed Bragg reflectors and a high‐index tuning element with varying thickness in between. The filters display high peak transmittance () and controllable peak width. The robustness, ease of fabrication and the possibility to tune the optical response to a specific application make the integrated filter arrays suitable for compact sensing systems.
A multi‐view image fusion algorithm for industrial weld
Authors: Zheng Qingchun , Zhao Yangyang , Zhang Xu , Zhu Peihao , Ma Wenpeng
Published: October 2022

Multi‐view image fusion can be used to extract features from redundant and complementary multisource images. And the technique of obtaining high quality fusion images has become one of the research hotspots for image processing. In order to realize defect detection and intelligent grinding smoothly, multi‐view fusion technology was applied in the field of overexposure and underexposure industrial welds, achieving high quality image enhancement. When preparing the data set of multi‐view images, a hybrid registration algorithm with high matching ability is proposed. The data set of overexposure and underexposure weld images was obtained successfully by using the registration algorithm. In order to improve the fusion ability of overexposure and underexposure industrial welds, we propose a novel multi‐view image fusion algorithm based on deep learning. The multi‐view fusion algorithm uses an autoencoder network structure, and its innovation lies in a parallel branch network with lightweight structure and strong generalization ability. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with other classical multi‐view algorithms, our proposed algorithm gets the best parameters on the industrial weld data set in peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and root mean square error (RMSE), reaching 59.12 and 0.084, respectively. And the ablation and performance comparison experiments verify that the proposed parallel branch network has better generalization ability and fusion accuracy than other classical multi branch networks.
A deep learning‐based framework to identify and characterise heterogeneous secure network traffic
Authors: Islam Faiz Ul , Liu Guangjie , Liu Weiwei , Haq Qazi Mazhar ul
Published: October 2022

The evergrowing diversity of encrypted and anonymous network traffic makes network management more formidable to manage the network traffic. An intelligent system is essential to analyse and identify network traffic accurately. Network management needs such techniques to improve the Quality of Service and ensure the flow of secure network traffic. However, due to the usage of non‐standard ports and encryption of data payloads, the classical port‐based and payload‐based classification techniques fail to classify the secured network traffic. To solve the above‐mentioned problems, this paper proposed an effective deep learning‐based framework employed with flow‐time‐based features to predict heterogeneous secure network traffic best. The state‐of‐the‐art machine learning strategies (C4.5, random forest, and K‐nearest neighbour) are investigated for comparison. The proposed 1D‐CNN model achieved higher accuracy in classifying the heterogeneous secure network traffic. In the next step, the proposed deep learning model characterises the major categories (virtual private network traffic, the onion router network traffic, and plain encrypted network traffic) into several application types. The experimental results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed deep learning framework, which yields improved predictive power compared to the state‐of‐the‐art machine learning techniques employed for secure network traffic analysis.
Lightweight lane line detection based on learnable cluster segmentation with self‐attention mechanism
Authors: Yang Qin , Ma Yahong , Li Linsen , Su Chang , Gao Yujie , Tao Jiaxin , Huang Zhentao , Jiang Rui
Published: October 2022

Pixel segmentation is one of the most commonly used deep learning methods for modern lane line detection. Although deep segmentation outperforms traditional methods, there are two main problems: slow speed and limited receptive field. In response to these problems, this paper proposes a lightweight lane line detection algorithm based on learnable cluster segmentation and self‐attention mechanism, which has extremely fast speed and the ability to adapt to real scenes. The lane detection process is considered as clustering under row segmentation. The data is processed through row segmentation and fed into a self‐attention mechanism. In addition to the benchmark dataset for lane detection, the algorithm was ported to real vehicles for real‐time road testing. Two tests show that our method performs very well on TuSimple, with an accuracy of 97.15%, an F1 score of 73.5 on CULane, and a speed of 142.7 frames per second (FPS), which solves the problem of slow cluster segmentation, while improving the accuracy of row segmentation. In the new scenario, the method has a misjudgment rate of only 6.7% for lane line points, which is suitable for the high standard requirements of autonomous driving.
A signal separation method based on the subarray beam synthesis
Authors: Liu Chengzhou , Wang Jianhui , Cui Weijia , Xu Haiyun , Yang Bingqing
Published: October 2022

Large‐scale arrays are widely used due to their advantages of high gain, high resolution, and strong beam control capability. The large number of antennas leads to a sharp increase in computational complexity, and thus, it is necessary to reduce the complexity of signal processing. A signal separation method is proposed based on subarray beam synthesis. This method can improve signal reception and separation performance through zero‐forcing calculation and realise system gain and phase error corrections in the front end of an antenna. Compared with back‐end processing, it has the advantage of low implementation difficulty. The feasibility and performance of the method are verified by simulations.
Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): Scattered light detection of a possible disk wind in RY Tau
Authors: Valegård P.-G. , Ginski C. , Dominik C. , Bae J. , Benisty M. , Birnstiel T. , Facchini S. , Garufi A. , Hogerheijde M. , van Holstein R. G. , Langlois M. , Manara C. F. , Pinilla P. , Rab Ch. , Ribas Á. , Waters L. B. F. M. , Williams J.
Published: October 2022

Context. Disk winds are an important mechanism for accretion and disk evolution around young stars. The accreting intermediate-mass T-Tauri star RY Tau has an active jet and a previously known disk wind. Archival optical and new near-infrared observations of the RY Tau system show two horn-like components stretching out as a cone from RY Tau. Scattered light from the disk around RY Tau is visible in the near-infrared, but not seen at optical wavelengths. In the near-infrared, dark wedges separate the horns from the disk, indicating that we may see the scattered light from a disk wind.

Aims. We aim to test the hypothesis that a dusty disk wind could be responsible for the optical effect in which the disk around RY Tau is hidden in the I band, but visible in the H band. This could be the first detection of a dusty disk wind in scattered light. We also want to constrain the grain size and dust mass in the wind and the wind-launching region.

Methods. We used archived Atacama-Large-Millimetre-Array (ALMA) and Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE) I band observations combined with newly acquired SPHERE H band observations and available literature to build a simple geometric model of the RY Tau disk and disk wind. We used Monte Carlo radiative transfer modelling MCMax3D to create comparable synthetic observations that test the effect of a dusty wind on the optical effect in the observations. We constrained the grain size and dust mass needed in the disk wind to reproduce the effect from the observations.

Results. A model geometrically reminiscent of a dusty disk wind with small micron to sub-micron-sized grains elevated above the disk can reproduce the optical effect seen in the observations. The mass in the obscuring component of the wind has been constrained to 1 × 10−9 M⊙ ≤ M ≤ 5 × 10−8 M⊙, which corresponds to a mass-loss rate in the wind of about ~1 × 10−8 M⊙ yr−1.

Conclusions. A simple model of a disk wind with micron to sub-micron-sized grains elevated above the disk is able to prevent stellar radiation to scatter in the disk at optical wavelengths while allowing photons to reach the disk in the near-infrared. Estimates of mass-loss rate correspond to previously presented theoretical models and points towards the idea that a magneto-hydrodynamic-type wind is the more likely scenario.
Statistical analysis of the Si I 6560.58 Å line observed by CHASE
Authors: Hong Jie , Qiu Ye , Hao Qi , Xu Zhi , Li Chuan , Ding Mingde , Fang Cheng
Published: October 2022

Context.The Si I6560.58 Å line in the Hαblue wing is blended with a telluric absorption line from water vapor in ground-based observations. Recent observations with the space-based telescope, the Chinese HαSolar Explorer (CHASE), provide a new opportunity to study this line.

Aims.We aim to study the Si Iline statistically and to explore possible diagnostics.

Methods.We selected three scannings in the CHASE observations, and measured the equivalent width (EW) and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) for each pixel on the solar disk. We then calculated the theoretical EW and FWHM from the VALC model. We also studied an active region in particular in order to identify possible differences in the quiet Sun and the sunspots.

Results.The Si Iline is formed at the bottom of the photosphere. The EW of this line increases from the disk center toμ = 0.2, and then decreases toward the solar limb, while the FWHM shows a monotonically increasing trend. Theoretically predicted EW agrees well with observations, while the predicted FWHM is far smaller due to the absence of unresolved turbulence in models. The macroturbulent velocity is estimated to be 2.80 km s−1at the disk center, and increases to 3.52 km s−1atμ = 0.2. We do not find any response to flare heating in the observations studied here. Doppler shifts and line widths of the Si I6560.58 Å and Fe I6569.21 Å lines can be used to study the mass flows and turbulence of the different photospheric layers. The Si Iline shows significant potential as a tool to diagnose the dynamics and energy transport in the photosphere.
Using wavelets to capture deviations from smoothness in galaxy-scale strong lenses
Authors: Galan A. , Vernardos G. , Peel A. , Courbin F. , Starck J.-L.
Published: October 2022

Modeling the mass distribution of galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses is a task of increasing difficulty. The high-resolution and depth of imaging data now available render simple analytical forms ineffective at capturing lens structures spanning a large range in spatial scale, mass scale, and morphology. In this work, we address the problem with a novel multiscale method based on wavelets. We tested our method on simulatedHubbleSpace Telescope (HST) imaging data of strong lenses containing the following different types of mass substructures making them deviate from smooth models: (1) a localized small dark matter subhalo, (2) a Gaussian random field (GRF) that mimics a nonlocalized population of subhalos along the line of sight, and (3) galaxy-scale multipoles that break elliptical symmetry. We show that wavelets are able to recover all of these structures accurately. This is made technically possible by using gradient-informed optimization based on automatic differentiation over thousands of parameters, which also allow us to sample the posterior distributions of all model parameters simultaneously. By construction, our method merges the two main modeling paradigms – analytical and pixelated – with machine-learning optimization techniques into a single modular framework. It is also well-suited for the fast modeling of large samples of lenses.
Discovery of non-metastable ammonia masers in Sagittarius B2
Authors: Yan Y. T. , Henkel C. , Menten K. M. , Gong Y. , Nguyen H. , Ott J. , Ginsburg A. , Wilson T. L. , Brunthaler A. , Belloche A. , Zhang J. S. , Budaiev N. , Jeff D.
Published: October 2022

We report the discovery of widespread maser emission in non-metastable inversion transitions of NH3 toward various parts of the Sagittarius B2 molecular cloud and star-forming region complex. We detect masers in the J, K = (6, 3), (7,4), (8,5), (9,6), and (10,7) transitions toward Sgr B2(M) and Sgr B2(N), an NH3 (6,3) maser in Sgr B2(NS), and NH3 (7,4), (9,6), and (10,7) masers in Sgr B2(S). With the high angular resolution data of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) in the A-configuration, we identify 18 maser spots. Nine maser spots arise from Sgr B2(N), one from Sgr B2(NS), five from Sgr B2(M), and three in Sgr B2(S). Compared to our Effelsberg single-dish data, the JVLA data indicate no missing flux. The detected maser spots are not resolved by our JVLA observations. Lower limits to the brightness temperature are > 3000 K and reach up to several 105 K, manifesting the lines’ maser nature. In view of the masers’ velocity differences with respect to adjacent hot molecular cores and/or UCH II regions, it is argued that all the measured ammonia maser lines may be associated with shocks caused either by outflows or by the expansion of UCH II regions. Overall, Sgr B2 is unique in that it allows us to measure many NH3 masers simultaneously, which may be essential in order to elucidate their thus far poorly understood origin and excitation.
Challenges and opportunities: impacts of COVID-19 on Norwegian seafood exports
Authors: Asche Frank , Straume Hans-Martin , Garlock Taryn , Johansen Ulf , Kvamsdal Sturla F. , Nygaard Rune , Pincinato Ruth B.M. , Tveteras Ragnar
Published: October 2022

A rapidly growing literature shows that COVID-19 and the measures to contain the spread of the virus can have significant market impacts for seafood. These can be interruptions of production, or reductions in demand directly or indirectly due to supply chain challenges. In this paper we investigate the potential impacts of COVID-19 on seafood exports from Norway, the world's second largest seafood exporter, using highly detailed data from 2016 through May 2021. These data allow us to assess upstream impacts in the seafood supply chain close to the producer level in aggregate and by main sector, impacts on the largest products, and the extent to which export firm structure and export markets served have changed. We find very few impacts in aggregate as well as for individual products, suggesting that the markets and supply chains used by Norwegian seafood exports were sufficiently robust and flexible to accommodate the shocks created by COVID-19. Given Norway's size as a seafood exporter, the impact of COVID-19 has likely been moderate upstreams for a number of seafood sectors around the world, especially those in wealthy nations, with opportunities balancing out challenges, and that the supply chains have been highly resilient.
Machine learning-based simplified methods using shorter wind measuring masts for the time ahead wind forecasting at higher altitude for wind energy applications
Authors: P. Valsaraj , Thumba Drisya Alex , Kumar Satheesh
Published: October 2022

Since wind is a fluctuating resource, the integration of wind energy into the electricity grid necessitates precise wind speed forecasting to maintain grid stability and power quality. Machine learning models built on different algorithms are widely used for wind forecasting. This requires a vast quantity of past wind speed data collected at the hub levels of the wind electric machines employed. Tall met masts pose a variety of practical issues in terms of installation and long-term maintenance, which will grow more challenging as next-generation wind turbines come with larger capacities and higher hub heights. In this paper, we propose four non-conventional methods for the time ahead forecasting of wind speed at a higher height by utilizing the wind speed data collected with relatively shorter wind measuring masts. We employ machine learning-based models and rely on the principle of interrelation between wind speeds at different altitudes in our investigations. Wind speed forecasts generated by the new methods at an altitude of 80 m above the ground level using wind speed data measured at lower altitudes of 50 m and 20 m are of industrially acceptable accuracy. The simplified physical requirements such methods demand far outweigh the marginal fall in prediction accuracy observed with these methods.
Edge open packing sets in graphs
Authors: Chelladurai Gayathri , Kalimuthu Karuppasamy , Soundararajan Saravanakumar
Published: October 2022

In a graphG = (V, E), two edgese1ande2are said to have acommon edgeif there exists an edgee ∈ E(G) different frome1ande2such thatejoins a vertex ofe1to a vertex ofe2inG. That is, 〈e1, e, e2〉 is eitherP4orK3inG. A non-empty setD ⊆ E(G) is anedge open packing setof a graphGif no two edges ofDhave a common edge inG. The maximum cardinality of an edge open packing set is theedge open packing numberofGand is denoted byρoe(G). In this paper, we initiate a study on this parameter.
Evaluation of diagnostic criteria in grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) with suspected atherosclerosis
Authors: Krautwald-Junghanns Maria-E. , Schulz Ulrike , Konicek Cornelia , Pees Michael
Published: October 2022

Ziel Atherosklerose ist eine häufige Erkrankung älterer Papageienvögel, die in Gefangenschaft mit unzureichenden Haltungsbedingungen leben. Die Diagnose beim lebenden Vogel bleibt jedoch schwierig und die Krankheit wird oft erst post mortem erkannt. In diesem Zusammenhang sollte der diagnostische Wert beschriebener Methoden bei lebenden Graupapageien (Psittacus erithacus) untersucht werden.

Material und Methoden Es wurden 7 klinisch gesunde Graupapageien und 32 Graupapageien mit Verdacht auf Atherosklerose evaluiert. Ein Gesamtbewertungssystem wurde auf der Grundlage klinischer Symptome, der Messung des Cholesterin- und Triglyceridspiegels im Blut, einer radiologischen Untersuchung und eines Echokardiogramms in B-Mode bestimmt. Darüber hinaus wurden Messungen der Blutflussgeschwindigkeit in der Aortenwurzel, der Herzfrequenz und des Geschwindigkeits-Zeit-Integrals unter Verwendung der spektralen Doppler-Ultraschallfunktion durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Die Gesamtscoring- und Einzelmesswerte korrelierten mit radiologischen Zeichen. Messungen der Blutflussgeschwindigkeit in der Aortenwurzel zeigten hochsignifikante Unterschiede zwischen den klinisch gesunden Tieren und der Patientengruppe. Signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen wurden des Weiteren im Vergleich der Gesamtbewertung und den Voruntersuchungen gefunden.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse belegen, dass die Kombination der spektralen Doppler-Ultraschalluntersuchung mit anderen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten genutzt werden kann, um den Verdacht auf Atherosklerose zu erhärten und mehr Informationen über den Kreislaufstatus des Patienten zu geben.

Klinische Relevanz Die so gewonnenen Informationen ermöglichen es dem Tierarzt, eine frühe intra vitam Verdachtsdiagnose Atherosklerose zu stellen und früher mit der Behandlung zu beginnen.
Moralische Kompetenz bei Medizinstudierenden – Vergleich
zwischen Studierenden des ersten Semesters und des Praktischen
Jahres
Authors: Timm Susanna , Westhoff Martin Schulze , Heck Johannes , Jahn Kirsten , Groh Adrian , Opfermann Birgitt , Bleich Stefan , Heberlein Annemarie
Published: October 2022

Ziel der Studie Neben der Vermittlung von theoretischen und
klinisch-praktischen Fähigkeiten sollte die Weiterentwicklung der
individuellen moralischen Kompetenz ein weiteres Kernanliegen im Studium der
Humanmedizin sein. Untersuchungen zeigen allerdings, dass die moralische
Kompetenz bei Medizinstudierenden im Verlauf des Studiums stagniert oder sogar
abnimmt. Die vorliegende Querschnittstudie untersuchte daher die moralische
Kompetenz von Medizinstudierenden zu Beginn des Studiums (d. h. im
ersten Fachsemester) sowie im Praktischen Jahr (PJ) sowie die Auswirkungen von
Testosteron als Neurohormon auf die moralische Urteilsfähigkeit.

Methodik Im Rahmen einer Querschnittstudie wurden mittels des Moralischen
Kompetenz Tests (MKT) nach Lind die moralische Urteilsfähigkeit von 24
Erstsemesterstudierenden und 16 PJ-Studierenden der Medizinischen Hochschule
Hannover erfasst und ausgewertet. Der Testosteron-Serumspiegel der
Studienteilnehmenden wurde statistisch in Beziehung zu den MKT-Ergebnissen
gesetzt.

Ergebnisse Es zeigten sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen
Erstsemester- (Mittelwert (M)±Standardabweichung (SD):
13,16±8,21) und PJ-Studierenden (M±SD: 11,24±8,07) im
Hinblick auf die mittels des MKT gemessene moralische Kompetenz
(p=0,36). Ein höherer Testosteron-Serumspiegel zeigte keine
statistisch signifikante Korrelation mit der moralischen Kompetenz
(r=–0,09, p=0,58).

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen keinen klaren Trend, ob die
moralische Kompetenz bei Medizinstudierenden in fortgeschrittenen
Studiensemestern geringer ist als zu Beginn des Studiums und ob die moralische
Kompetenz durch das Neurohormon Testosteron beeinflusst wird. Dennoch erscheint
es sinnvoll, moralische Kompetenztrainings für Medizinstudierende
frühzeitig, kontinuierlich und möglichst individuell gestaltet
während des Medizinstudiums zu implementieren (und in
weiterführenden Untersuchungen zu evaluieren), um einer Stagnation bzw.
Rückentwicklung der moralischen Urteilsfähigkeit
präventiv zu begegnen.
Knockdown of Endogenous Nucb2/Nesfatin-1 in the PVN Leads to
Obese-Like Phenotype and Abolishes the Metformin- and Stress-Induced Thermogenic
Response in Rats
Authors: Stephan Daniel , Taege Natalie , Dore Riccardo , Folberth Julica , Jöhren Olaf , Schwaninger Markus , Lehnert Hendrik , Schulz Carla
Published: October 2022

Nesfatin-1, the cleavage product of nucleobindin-2, is an anorexigenic peptide
and major regulator of energy homeostasis. Beyond reducing food intake and
increasing energy expenditure, it is also involved in regulating the stress
response. Interaction of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 and glucose
homeostasis has been observed and recent findings suggest a link between the
action of the antidiabetic drug metformin and the nesfatinergic system. Hence,
this study aimed to clarify the role of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in the
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in energy homeostasis as well as its
involvement in stress- and metformin-mediated changes in energy expenditure.
Knockdown of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in male Wistar rats led to
significantly increased food intake, body weight, and reduced energy expenditure
compared to controls. Nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 knockdown animals
developed an obese-like phenotype represented by significantly increased fat
mass and overall increase of circulating lipids. Concomitantly, expression of
nucleobindin-2 and melanocortin receptor type 3 and 4 mRNA in the
paraventricular nucleus was decreased indicating successful knockdown and
impairment at the level of the melanocortin system. Additionally, stress induced
activation of interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly decreased in
nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 knockdown animals and accompanied by lower
adrenal weight. Finally, intracerebroventricular administration of metformin
significantly increased energy expenditure in controls and this effect was
absent in nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 knockdown animals. Overall, we
clarified the crucial role of nucleobindin-2/nesfatin-1 in the
paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in the regulation of energy
homeostasis. The nesfatinergic system was further identified as important
mediator in stress- and metformin-induced thermogenesis.
Early Implementation of Palliative and Supportive Care in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gofton Cameron , Agar Meera , George Jacob
Published: October 2022

Early palliative and supportive care referral is the standard of care for many malignancies. This paradigm results in improvements in patients' symptoms and quality of life and decreases the costs of medical care and unnecessary procedures. Leading oncology guidelines have recommended the integration of early referral to palliative and supportive services to care pathways for advanced malignancies. Currently, early referral to palliative care within the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) population is not utilized, with gastroenterology guidelines recommending referral of patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage D to these services. This review addresses this topic through analysis of the existing data within the oncology field as well as literature surrounding palliative care intervention in HCC. Early palliative and supportive care in HCC and its impact on patients, caregivers, and health services allow clinicians and researchers to identify management options that improve outcomes within existing service provisions.
Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Benzylic C(sp3)–H Amidation for the Synthesis of Isoindolinones
Authors: Zhao Huaiqing , Yang Darun , Xu Hongyan , Huang Decai
Published: October 2022

The synthesis of N-unprotected isoindolinones via rhodium(III)-catalyzed intramolecular C(sp3)–H amidation of various 2-methyl-N-substituted benzamides is developed. This protocol employs a free amino acid l-alanine as a ligand, which could significantly increase the reactivity of rhodium catalyst.
Suprathreshold Auditory Measures for Detecting Early-Stage Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Young Adults
Authors: Bhatt Ishan S. , Washnik Nilesh , Torkamani Ali
Published: October 2022

Abstract Background Over 1 billion young adults are at risk for developing noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) due to their habit of listening to music at loud levels. The gold standard for detecting NIHL is the audiometric notch around 3,000 to 6,000 Hz
observed in pure tone audiogram. However, recent studies suggested that suprathreshold auditory measures might be more sensitive to detect early-stage NIHL in young adults. Purpose The present study compared suprathreshold measures in individuals with high and low noise exposure
backgrounds (NEBs). We hypothesized that individuals with high NEB would exhibit reduced performance on suprathreshold measures than those with low NEB. Study sample An initial sample of 100 English-speaking healthy adults (18‐35 years; females = 70) was
obtained from five university classes. We identified 15 participants with the lowest NEB scores (10 females) and 15 participants with the highest NEB scores (10 females). We selected a sample of healthy young adults with no history of middle ear infection, and those in the low NEB group were
selected with no history of impulse noise exposure. Data collection and analysis The study included conventional audiometry, extended high-frequency audiometry, middle ear muscle reflex (MEMR) thresholds, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), QuickSIN, and suprathreshold
auditory brainstem response (ABR) measures. We used independent sample t-tests, correlation coefficients, and linear mixed model analysis to compare the audiometric measures between the NEB groups. Results The prevalence of audiometric notch was low in the study sample,
even for individuals with high NEB. We found that: (1) individuals with high NEB revealed significantly reduced QuickSIN performance than those with low NEB; (2) music exposure via earphone revealed a significant association with QuickSIN; (3) individuals with high NEB revealed significantly
reduced DPOAEs and ABR wave I amplitude compared with individuals with low NEB; (4) MEMR and ABR latency measures showed a modest association with NEB; and (5) audiometric thresholds across the frequency range did not show statistically significant association with NEB. Conclusion Our
results suggest that young adults with high NEB might exhibit impaired peripheral neural coding deficits leading to reduced speech-in-noise (SIN) performance despite clinically normal hearing thresholds. SIN measures might be more sensitive than audiometric notch for detecting early-stage
NIHL in young adults.
Prospective Clinical Study with New Materials for Tissue Regeneration: A Study in Humans
Authors: Kollek Nathalie Jeannette , Pérez-Albacete Martínez Carlos , Granero Marín José Manuel , Maté Sánchez de Val José Eduardo
Published: October 2022

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the clinical, radiographic, and histomorphometric outcomes of novel bone grafting materials and dental membranes and to compare the results with current data from the literature.

Materials and Methods New synthetic bone substitutes, consisting of biphasic calcium phosphate in the ratio of 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% β-tricalcium phosphate, were applied in bony defects and covered by either a novel synthetic poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) or porcine collagen membrane. A sample of 51 biomaterials was placed in a total of 20 patients during different surgical protocols. Implants were simultaneously inserted, and in the case of sinus floor elevations 6 months later. Pre- and postoperative cone-beam computed tomographies were taken. Bone biopsies were harvested from augmented sides and processed for histomorphometric evaluation.

Statistical Analysis Averages and ranges were calculated for the percentage of newly formed bone, residual biomaterial, and connective tissue. Data were submitted to analyze the radiological mean differences in length, width, and density. Paired t-tests were deployed for the analysis of differences within each group between the baseline (preoperative) and the final (postoperative) measurements.

Results The mean bone gain in length and width were 0.96 ± 3.33 mm (+27.59%) and 1.22 ± 1.87 mm (+30.48%), respectively. The bone density was increased by a factor of 4, reaching an average of 387.47 ± 328.86 HU. Histomorphometric evaluations revealed new bone formation of 41.44 ± 5.37%, residual biomaterial of 24.91 ± 7.31%, and connective tissue of 33.64 ± 4.81%. The mean healing period was 8.32 ± 3.00 months.

Conclusions Data from this study confirmed the suitability of the tested materials in dental surgery. The biomaterials may be recommended for various clinical procedures. A satisfactory level of increase of new bone was reported in augmented sides. No significant differences were observed between the tested membranes. PLGA membranes might be superior to collagen membranes for their easier handling.
Visualising key information and communication technologies (ICT) indicators for children and young individuals in Europe
Authors: Symeonaki Maria , Filandrianos George , Stamou Giorgos
Published: October 2022

DGmap is an online interactive tool that visualises indicators drawn from large-scale European and international databases reflecting the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) amongst children and young individuals in Europe. A large number of indicators are estimated and visualised on an interactive map revealing convergences and divergences amongst European countries. Apart from its main feature, that of facilitating users to observe discrepancies between countries, the map offers the potentiality of downloading or customising country reports, information concerning the estimation of the indices and their values as spreadsheets, while covering a period from 2015 and onwards. DGmap also allows users to examine the evolution of each indicator through time for each country individually. Thus, the presented tool is a dynamic and constantly updated application that can serve as a major source of information for those interested in the use of digital technologies by children, adolescents, and young people in Europe.
Simulation of grid morphology’s effect on ion optics and the local electric field
Authors: Levin Z. , Kempf S.
Published: October 2022

Electric field ion optics are employed by many scientific instruments for investigating ions, e.g., using time-of-flight mass spectrometers. A common design feature of such instruments is the grounded grid that provides boundaries between regions that need to have different electric fields. In order to save computer memory, these grids are often modeled by indefinitely thin conducting sheets. This approximation does not include the effects of the grid morphology on the electric field. This paper investigates these grid morphology effects on both the electric field and the trajectories of ions passing through the grids using finite element analysis. The simulations in this paper indicate that a significant amount of the electric potential will leak through a grid’s empty space. The leakage of this field through the grid slows an ion down relative to the speed that it would be assumed to have based on the indefinitely thin sheet model. The ions are then eventually accelerated back to the energy that they would have if the grid were a thin sheet. However, this deceleration and acceleration result in the lengthening of the ion time of flight, independent of the size of the drift region. The deflection of the ions passing through the grid increases with the ion’s proximity to the grid struts, the size of the acceleration region, and the shape of the grid cell. This deflection also results in a small but potentially significant loss of focus and changes in the path length.
Understanding electronic structures, chemical bonding, and fluxional behavior of Lu2@C2n (2n = 76–88) by a theoretical study
Authors: Shui Yuan , Pei Gerui , Zhao Pei , Xiong Mo , Li Sidian , Ehara Masahiro , Yang Tao
Published: October 2022

Endohedral metal–metal-bonding fullerenes, in which encapsulated metals form covalent metal–metal bonds inside, are an emerging class of endohedral metallofullerenes. Herein, we reported quantum-chemical studies on the electronic structures, chemical bonding, and dynamic fluxionality behavior of endohedral metal–metal-bonding fullerenes Lu2@C2n (2n = 76–88). Multiple bonding analysis approaches, including molecular orbital analysis, the natural bond orbital analysis, electron localization function, adaptive natural density partitioning analysis, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules, have unambiguously revealed one two-center two-electron σ covalent bond between two Lu ions in fullerenes. Energy decomposition analysis with the natural orbitals for chemical valence method on the bonding nature between the encapsulated metal dimer and the fullerene cage suggested the existence of two covalent bonds between the metal dimer and fullerenes, giving rise to a covalent bonding nature between the metal dimer and fullerene cage and a formal charge model of [Lu2]2+@[C2n]2−. For Lu2@C76, the dynamic fluxionality behavior of the metal dimer Lu2 inside fullerene C76 has been revealed via locating the transition state with an energy barrier of 5 kcal/mol. Further energy decomposition analysis calculations indicate that the energy barrier is controlled by a series of terms, including the geometric deformation energy, electrostatic interaction, and orbital interactions.
Entropic comparison of Landau–Zener and Demkov interactions in the phase space of a quadrupole billiard
Authors: Park K.-W. , Kim J. , Seo J. , Moon S. , Jeong K. , An K.
Published: October 2022

We investigate two types of avoided crossings in a chaotic billiard within the framework of information theory. The Shannon entropy in the phase space for the Landau–Zener interaction increases as the center of the avoided crossing is approached, whereas for the Demkov interaction, the Shannon entropy decreases as the center of avoided crossing is passed by with an increase in the deformation parameter. This feature can provide a new indicator for scar formation. In addition, it is found that the Fisher information of the Landau–Zener interaction is significantly larger than that of the Demkov interaction.
Microsolvation of electrons by a handful of ammonia molecules
Authors: Moreno Norberto , Hadad Cacier Z. , Restrepo Albeiro
Published: October 2022

Microsolvation of electrons in ammonia is studied here via anionic NH3n− clusters with n = 2–6. Intensive samplings of the corresponding configurational spaces using second-order perturbation theory with extended basis sets uncover rich and complex energy landscapes, heavily populated by many local minima in tight energy windows as calculated from highly correlated coupled cluster methods. There is a marked energetical preference for structures that place the excess electron external to the molecular frame, effectively coordinating it with the three protons from a single ammonia molecule. Overall, as the clusters grow in size, the lowest energy dimer serves as the basic motif over which additional ammonia molecules are attached via unusually strong charge-assisted hydrogen bonds. This is a priori quite unexpected because, on electrostatic grounds, the excess electron would be expected to be in contact with as many protons as possible. Accordingly, a full quantum mechanical treatment of the bonding interactions under the tools provided by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules is carried out in order to dissect and understand the nature of intermolecular contacts. Vertical detachment energies reveal bound electrons even for n = 2.