bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agressividade e psicanálise: uma visão da agressividade através do personagem Zuko de Avatar: a lenda de Aang
Authors: Costa Luís Eduardo Souza da , Dias Davi Pereira Gomes , Rocha Wollace Scantbelruy da
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise do personagem Zuko da série animada "Avatar: A Lenda de Aang" sob a ótica da psicanálise, com foco na violência familiar e na construção de identidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica, com revisão bibliográfica, que visa investigar como as experiências de Zuko se conectam a temas centrais da adolescência, como a raiva, a crise de identidade e a resiliência. Utilizando conceitos da psicodinâmica e do desenvolvimento humano, a pesquisa explora a correlação entre o comportamento do personagem e as vivências de adolescentes em situações de violência doméstica, destacando o impacto emocional e psicológico dessas experiências. A metodologia baseou-se na análise crítica de episódios específicos da série e na comparação com estudos sobre adolescência, violência e desenvolvimento de identidade. Os resultados indicam que a jornada de Zuko exemplifica dinâmicas reais enfrentadas por adolescentes em contextos de abuso, mostrando que o suporte emocional, como o oferecido pelo Tio Iroh, pode ser essencial para a ressignificação de traumas. Conclui-se que a narrativa do personagem serve como um recurso reflexivo valioso para compreender as complexidades da adolescência e os caminhos para a superação de adversidades, apontando também o potencial de obras fictícias como ferramentas educativas e terapêuticas.
Teenage pregnancy and its prevention: meanings attributed by a group of school adolescents
Authors: Fernandes Daiana Evangelista Rodrigues , Medeiros Marcelo , Guedes Ellen de Moraes
Published: October 2024

Objective: to identify and analyze the meanings attributed by school adolescents to teenage pregnancy and its prevention Method: Qualitative approach, in approximation with the ethnographic method. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews, in total 20 adolescents of both sexes participated. The analysis was carried out according to the meaning interpretation method. Results: two themes emerged: “information for preventing teenage pregnancy” and “repercussions of teenage pregnancy”. In general, the adolescents reported that the information they had access to came mainly from their mothers and they considered that getting pregnant and having children as a teenager brings difficulties, with an emphasis on the consequences for the teenage mother. Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy did not appear to be of significant importance among peers in the context studied, in terms of culturally learned roles. On the other hand, the information process on sexual and reproductive health was weakened, as was the use of contraceptive methods. It is believed that these teenagers took advantage of all the information they had access to and were encouraged to adopt some form of contraception, motivated by future desires and dreams.
Desafios para implementação de estratégias e ações voltadas à adaptação climática: análise panorâmica global e um estudo de caso com foco na América Latina
Authors: Kurita Rodrigo Massao , Teixeira Renelle Gomes , Simões André Felipe , Rego Yuki Tako da Costa
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal caracterizar e analisar os principais desafios à implementação de estratégias e ações de adaptação às mudanças climáticas em países da América Latina. Paralelamente, discorre-se sobre os impactos das mudanças climáticas em países latino-americanos. Almeja-se, ainda, uma avaliação panorâmica global a respeito da implementação de planos adaptativos e suas possíveis correlações com políticas públicas nacionais voltadas à adaptação climática. A metodologia adotada baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica sistemática, a qual priorizou pesquisa aprofundada por meio de trabalhos publicados em periódicos científicos arbitrados, e em análise documental a partir de relatórios publicados por agências governamentais. Os resultados indicam que a persistente e histórica desigualdade social, a baixa participação da sociedade civil na elaboração de tais planos, o restrito aporte financeiro, assim como as tênues ou inexistentes inovação tecnológica e capacitação profissional configuram-se nos principais entraves para a eficaz implementação de estratégias e ações voltadas à adaptação climática na América Latina.
Respon Siswa terhadap Penerapan Teknik Tugas Menyalin dalam Bahan Ajar Khusus melalui Pembelajaran Menulis Pantun
Authors: Yeni Seppi , Yuliandari Delviza
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) respon siswa terhadap penerapan teknik tugas menyalin dalam bahan ajar khusus melalui pembelajaran menulis pantun; 2) sama-tidaknya respon siswa terhadap penerapan teknik tugas menyalin dalam bahan ajar khusus melalui pembelajaran menulis pantun per kelompok sampel. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada awal semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2024/2025. Penelitian dilakukan di kelas X Madrasyah Aliyah Darel Hikmah, Pekanbaru. Populasi penelitian ini adalah para siswa kelas X ihwan dan ahwat yang mengikuti pembelajaran menulis pantun melalui teknik tugas menyalin dalam bahan ajar khusus. Mereka berjumlah 50 siswa yang terbagi dari 23 ahwat dan 27 ihwan. Sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 45 siswa yang terbagi dari 21 ahwat dan 24 ihwan. Data respon siswa terhadap penerapan teknik tugas menyalin di bahan ajar khusus dalam pembelajaran menulis pantun dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner tertutup yang berisi empat opsi. Kuesioner memenuhi syarat validitas isi karena disusun seseuai dengan prosedur objektif dan sistematis. Data respon siswa terhadap penerapan teknik tugas menyalin di bahan ajar khusus dalam pembelajaran menulis pantun dianalisis secara kualitatif melalui pendekatan tematik. Data sama-tidaknya respon siswa terhadap penerapan teknik tugas menyalin dalam bahan ajar khusus melalui pembelajaran menulis pantun per kelompok sampel dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif melalui pendekatan persen dalam distribusi frekuensi secara manual. Semua hasil analisis data juga dilakukan validasi internal. Hasil penelitian: 1) respon siswa terhadap penerapan teknik tugas menyalin dalam bahan ajar khusus melalui pembelajaran menulis pantun berkategori sangat suka; 2) terdapat perbedaan respon siswa terhadap penerapan teknik tugas menyalin dalam bahan ajar khusus melalui pembelajaran menulis pantun per kelompok sampel; kelompok ihwan berkategori suka.
Prosedur Pembelajaran Apresiasi Cerita Rakyat Kepulauan Riau Menggunakan Teknik Kloz melalui Bahan Ajar Mandiri
Authors: Aryani T. Fetty , Ariani Firda
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi: 1) prosedur pembelajaran apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ menggunakan teknik tes kloz bermedia bahan ajar mandiri; 2) hasil belajar apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ menggunakan teknik tes kloz bermedia bahan ajar mandiri. Penelitian ini berlangsung di awal semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2024/2025 di SMP Negeri 20 Batam. Populasi adalah kelompok siswa kelas 7 yang mengikuti pembelajaran apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ menggunakan teknik tes kloz bermedia bahan ajar mandiri. Mereka berjumlah 29 siswa pada satu kelas 7. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh anggota populasi. Instrumen pertama penelitian ini adalan RPP. Instrumen kedua penelitian ini adalah pedoman observasi yang berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan data prosedur pembelajaran. Instrumen kedua adalah daftar cek-ricek yang berfungsi untuk memvalidasi setiap data pembelajaran. Instrumen ketiga adalah tes tertulis yakni berbentuk pilihan ganda 4 opsi tentang unsur intrinsik cerita rakyat. Data pembelajaran dianalisis secara tematik sedangkan data hasil belajar dianalisis menggunakan prosedur statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian: 1) prosedur pembelajaran apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ menggunakan teknik tes kloz bermedia bahan ajar mandiri pada kegiatan awal berisi 3 jenis kegiatan; 2) prosedur pembelajaran apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ menggunakan teknik tes kloz bermedia bahan ajar mandiri pada kegiatan inti berisi 19 jenis kegiatan; 3) prosedur pembelajaran apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ menggunakan teknik tes kloz bermedia bahan ajar mandiri pada kegiatan akhir berisi 4 jenis kegiatan; 4) hasil belajar apresiasi cerita rakyat ‘Dewi Perindu’ menggunakan teknik tes kloz bermedia bahan ajar mandiri mencapai batas minimal 70,00.
Kata Kunci: prosedur pembelajaran, apresiasi cerita rakyat, Kepulauan Riau, teknik kloz, bahan ajar mandiri
Cerita Rakyat Tema Fauna menurut Pilihan Siswa SD Ngeri 66IV Jambi
Authors: Susanti Desi , Pihir Muhamad
Published: October 2024

Adalah dua cerita rakyat bertema fauna yang bersumber dari artikel ilmiah jurnal online. Cerita-1 berjudul Nyamuk Penasaran dan cerita-2 berjudul Tupai dan Buaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan: 1) cerita rakyat bertema fauna menurut pilihan siswa SD Negeri 66IV Jambi; 2) sama-tidaknya cerita rakyat bertema fauna menurut pilihan siswa SD Negeri 66IV Jambi. Penelitian deskriptif ini dilaksanakan di awal semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2024/2025. Populasi penelitian ini adalah para siswa SD Negeri 66IV Jambi yang menjawab pertanyaan tentang cerita rakyat tema fauna yang menjadi pilihan di antara dua cerita rakyat yang tersedia. Mereka berjumlah 176 siswa yang terbagi dari 92 siswa kelas 5 dan 84 siswa kelas 6. Sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 75 persen yakni 132 siswa. Jumlah ini terbagi dari 69 siswa kelas 5 dan 63 siswa kelas 6 yang dipilih secara random tanpa pengembalian. Untuk mengumpulkan data cerita rakyat bertema fauna menurut pilihan siswa SD Negeri 66IV Jambi digunakan instrumen nontes berjenis kuesioner. Kuesioner ini tidak dibagikan kepada para siswa selaku anggota populasi tetapi sinopsis cerita dibacakan oleh guru di depan para siswa per kelas. Melalui kuesioner, guru bertanya kepada para siswa tentang satu cerita yang disenangi di antara dua cerita rakyat. Daftar cek-ricek digunakan untuk memvalidasi secara internal data hasil analisis. Data dianalisis menggunkan prosedur statistik deskriptif; menggunakan tabel. Hasil penelitian: 1) cerita rakyat bertema fauna menurut pilihan siswa SD Negeri 66IV Jambi adalah cerita yang berjudul Tupai dan Buaya; 2) tidak terdapat perbedaan pilihan SD Negeri 66IV Jambi per kelompok sampel.
Daily travel demand prediction in rail systems by using deep learning techniques
Authors: Alver Yalcin , Ercan Halil
Published: October 2024

Future travel demands should be predicted accurately in order to plan, make operational decisions, and manage urban public transportation systems. The success of the developed prediction model will directly affect the success of the transportation plan. Many factors, such as day of the week, weather, whether there is a large organization in the city, whether schools are open, affect the demand for urban public transportation. Organizations such as celebrations, festivals, sports competitions, or changes in the weather may cause a different travel demand than expected. The unexpected increase in travel demand makes it difficult to manage the transportation system. Daily travel demand predictions should be considered when making many operational decisions, such as arranging the frequency of services and determining the number of personnel to serve. Trip data of public transportation systems can be obtained easily by utilizing smart transportation cards. This large-scale dataset allows modelling the relationship between the above-mentioned factors and public transport usage demand using deep learning techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the development of a daily passenger demand prediction model for rail systems using deep learning techniques. The study incorporates a wide range of external factors, including weather conditions, day of the week, public holidays, and the occurrence of specific events such as football matches, to create a prediction model. Various deep learning models with different variable sets were developed using the daily travel data of the 2019 Istanbul M2 Yenikapı – Hacıosman metro line. The impact of various external factors on travel demands were systematically examined by assessing the prediction performances of five different deep learning models created with different set of variables.
Detection of road markings and road signs by advanced driver assistance systems – A literature review
Authors: Franković Lucija , Kučina Ivana , Fiolić Mario , Babić Darko , Babić Dario
Published: October 2024

Modern vehicles are equipped with active and passive safety systems that can mitigate the severity of crashes or even prevent them. The most popular active systems in vehicles are Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), which help the driver operate the vehicle safely. The proper functioning of ADAS is highly dependent on the accurate collection of information from the surrounding environment. Some of the important information can be found in road markings and road signs. In general, road markings and signs are elements of road infrastructure that guide drivers and provide them with the necessary information about road features and the traffic situation. Nowadays, with the widespread use of ADAS, beside human drivers, road markings and signs should also efficiently provide information to perception sensors in vehicles, such as cameras and LiDARs. Due to the technical characteristics of sensors, system malfunctions can sometimes occur due to internal factors or misinterpret events in the vehicle environment. The main problems in detection are related to road characteristics (e.g., quality of marking and horizontal alignment) and environmental factors (e.g., weather conditions). The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the existing literature and findings on the factors that influence the proper detection of road markings and signs by ADAS.
An investigation of reasons and consequences of deteriorated hydraulic capacities of culverts concerning railway track stability
Authors: Bezgin Niyazi
Published: October 2024

The establishment of railway routes requires earthworks and the construction of tunnels, culverts, bridges, and viaducts. Railway routes can pass through highly variable regions in terms of geography, climate, hydrology, and land use, which require careful consideration of the possible effects of each aspect on the safety and serviceability of the railway service along a route. Culverts are very important civil engineering structures designed to allow passage across the railway route. Culverts are part of the railway substructure and most culverts are designed for hydraulic purposes. Hydraulic culverts can allow the passage of small streams and surface flows that arise after heavy rains and floods across the railway route. They must provide a sufficient cross-sectional area for the passage of current and future estimates of flow rates expected to occur across the railway route. The flow rate that the culvert can accommodate is the hydraulic capacity culvert, which is determined by the unobstructed cross-sectional area of a culvert. The hydraulic capacity of a culvert can deteriorate by sedimentation and can become insufficient due to climate changes that are unaccounted for and changing land use patterns. Therefore, the railway authority must monitor the states and functionalities of its culverts along its railway network and update their service lives with the ongoing changes that occur along the railway route that can influence the service lives of the culverts. This study elaborates on the conditions that can reduce the functionality of culverts and provides two case studies where reduced culvert functionality has resulted in the collapse of railway track structures and consequential train derailments.
Effect of traffic-calming countermeasures on vehicle speed near a pedestrian crossing. A driving simulator study
Authors: Santiago Martín-Castresana , Santiago Higuera , Serrano Gabriel , Castro Maria
Published: October 2024

In the context of growing interest in road safety, the evaluation of traffic calming measures is a crucial issue. The complexity of contemporary road environments has raised the need for effective strategies to mitigate risks and improve the safety of drivers and pedestrians. This study analyses the impact of traffic-calming countermeasures using driving simulators, offering a detailed and quantitative perspective. State-of-the-art reveals a series of previous research that have addressed the topic, highlighting the relevance of implementing countermeasures to reduce accidents and improve driver behaviour. This study selected a representative sample of 60 drivers to participate in experiments with four countermeasures implemented in a driving simulator. These countermeasures were "dragon teeth", red median, broken edge lines and green longitudinal marks. The case study were a section of a Spanish road with a history of accidents, near a school. Various analyses were conducted to evaluate the countermeasure effectiveness of the alternatives with traffic-calming countermeasures compared to implementing no countermeasures. These included analysis of differences in average speed, 15th and 85th percentile at critical points, overall driver behaviour along the section (evaluated by the root mean square of the differences), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc comparisons. The results highlight that all the alternatives achieved reductions in the average speed, with the broken line being the most effective, with a decrease of 9 km/h at the critical point corresponding to a pedestrian crossing.
Evaluation of available sight distance estimation method on rural roads according to Croatian regulation
Authors: Stančerić Ivica , Bezina Šime , Stepan Željko , Džambas Tamara
Published: October 2024

Every driver must have sufficient visibility (sight distance) in front of the vehicle to be able to stop the vehicle in time in front of an obstacle on the road at the posted speed. This means that the available sight distance (ASD) in front of the driver must be greater than or equal to the stopping sight distance (SSD) required to stop the vehicle in front of the obstacle. The estimation method to determine the ASD varies from country to country because the SSD values, the position and height of the driver's eye and the obstacles are different. What they have in common is that the ASD on the road is first checked separately in the horizontal and then in the vertical direction, i.e., a 2D sight distance check. With the help of road design software, the sight distance on the newly designed roads can be checked simultaneously in the horizontal and vertical direction, i.e., a 3D sight distance check. In order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of 2D sight distance testing compared to 3D testing, different road models were designed according to Croatian regulation in Autodesk Civil 3D and Bentley OpenRoads Designer software. The test results showed that the sufficient ASD achieved by the 2D sight distance check on all road models does not guarantee sufficient ASD in the 3D sight distance check. To achieve sufficient ASD in the cut area of the road cross-section in crest vertical curves it is not enough just to widen the shoulders or verges, but it is also necessary to choose the radii of the vertical curves accordingly, usually larger than the radii that pass the 2D sight distance test. The above facts show that it is necessary to perform a 3D sight distance test for roads, as this also takes into account certain cross-sectional features that have a negative effect on the driver's field of vision.
Time-to-collision analysis at modern roundabouts
Authors: Onelcin Pelin , Alver Yalcin
Published: October 2024

Roundabouts have been shown to reduce fatalities and injuries at intersections. However, there is still room for improvement and a better understanding of their safety performance is needed, especially considering the anticipated increase in roundabout construction in the future. This study aims to determine the critical Time to Collision (TTC) value for conflicts between entering and circulating vehicles at modern roundabouts. Three modern roundabouts in Izmir, Türkiye, were chosen for data collection. Video data was collected using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and processed using the AIMSUN simulation program to obtain vehicle trajectories. The Surrogate Safety Assessment Model (SSAM) was then used to determine the critical TTC value for each roundabout. The calibrated TTC values for the three roundabouts were found to be 1.58 s, 3.00 s, and 4.9 s. These differences are believed to be due to variations in traffic volume, composition, and geometry. The results of this study suggest that there is no single critical TTC for conflicts between entering and circulating vehicles at modern roundabouts. Instead, it is important to consider the specific characteristics of each roundabout, such as traffic volume, composition, and geometry. This study also implies directions for future research and practical applications, suggesting the need for pilot studies across various intersection types to validate its findings.
Predicting pedestrian crossing speed at unsignalized intersections with XGBoost
Authors: Onelcin Pelin , Alver Yalcin
Published: October 2024

Understanding pedestrian behavior at unsignalized intersections becomes crucial for improving traffic safety. In this study, the crossing speeds of pedestrians at four unsignalized intersections in Izmir, Türkiye were investigated. Data were collected on weekdays for one hour each during peak and off-peak hours using unmanned aerial vehicles and cameras. The study incorporated pedestrian crossings executed on the designated crosswalks, as well as those occurring within 30 meters from the crosswalk. Two of the intersections did not have crosswalks, thus pedestrian crossings within the initial 40 meters from the roadway were considered. This study employed the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithm to predict pedestrian crossing speed based on a comprehensive set of factors. Hyperparameter tuning was performed to optimize the model's performance. Various features, including the existence of a crosswalk, pedestrian age (young, adult, elderly), gender, group crossings, and load-carrying situations were considered in the model. The results of the study provide valuable insights for traffic management. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to enhance pedestrian safety.
Improving quality of service on the bus line 236 in the City of Zagreb
Authors: Slavulj Marko , Šojat Dino , Sikirić Matija , Vidan Luka
Published: October 2024

A good transit service in cities has a reliable timetable with a frequency such that arrivals at stops make the line attractive for the passengers waiting for a bus. This should especially be mandatory for shorter bus feeder lines such as bus line 236, which connects Zagreb University Campus to three tram lines and one bus line in the eastern part of the city. However, there have been reports of a bad quality of service by the students, such that two types of complaints are most common: infrequent service since the buses depart every 20 minutes, and excessive time losses when transferring from the tram network to the bus line on trips to the campus, with buses sometimes leaving transfer terminal despite students alighting the tram moments before. The transit operator provided us with historic data, and we collected time and passenger data for ten days using GPS data loggers with manual passenger counts by students to determine vehicle utilisation, time utilisation, and schedule adherence. By analysing the data, we determined the possible improvements on the line in the form of changes to the existing timetable and improved vehicle frequency while maintaining the same number of drivers and vehicles. Also, we investigated the possibility of extending the coverage area of the line so that it could not only serve as a feeder to the tram network but also to additional bus lines passing nearby to improve line utilisation.
Reconstruction of the Jarunska road in Zagreb after the earthquake
Authors: Šimun Miroslav , Bajić Ante , Marković Davor , Jurčević Luka
Published: October 2024

The paper analyzes the condition of the road surface of Alley Matija Ljubek in the city of Zagreb, the road around Lake Jarun. The Jarun road was built as part of the development of the Jarun Sports and Recreation Center for the Universiade in 1987. It’s 6.4 kilometers long and has one-way traffic for cars, a parking lot, as well as a separate path for bicycles and pedestrians. During 33 years of exploitation, a number of damages appeared on the roadway, which were further aggravated by seismic activities in the area of the city of Zagreb in 2020. As part of the preparation of the roadway renovation study, measurements of parameters were carried out: roughness index, route depth, macrotexture, cracks and patches on the pavement. After analyzing the measured characteristics of the driving surface, a proposal was made for the renovation of the Alley Matija Ljubek pavement. To apply for the allocation of non-reimbursable financial resources aimed at restoring the infrastructure to its proper condition, a detailed scope of work for repairing damages to the Alley Matija Ljubek road, funded by the European Union Solidarity Fund through Shoo, has been elaborated. The road was renovated in the spring of 2023 in agreement with the renovation project and with a high-quality approach to maintaining technical accuracy, safety and driving comfort. As a result, the road now has a new lifecycle for exploitation.
Rapid flood vulnerability assessment of bridge networks: the CROSScade project case
Authors: Kosič Mirko , Bačić Mario , Skokandić Dominik , Hrelja Kovačević Gordana , Mandić Ivanković Ana , Anžlin Andrej
Published: October 2024

Recent extreme flood events in Slovenia have highlighted the vulnerability of the bridge network to scour-related stability issues, leading to the failure of several structures. In response to these emerging challenges, this study introduces a streamlined approach for assessing the vulnerability of bridge networks to flood-related risks. Developed within the CROSScade project, this research addresses the flood-related risks of bridges spanning the Sava River near the border between Slovenia and Croatia. A key innovation of this study is the development of a rapid network-level assessment methodology, which allows evaluation of multiple bridges with only limited input data requirements. This methodology facilitates the identification of the most critical bridges, saving time and resources on detailed examination of all bridges in the network. This research aims to equip bridge owners and infrastructure managers with essential insights into their structures' susceptibility to scour and flood hazards. Despite the simplifications inherent in the methodology, the findings can significantly contribute to developing more robust management and mitigation strategies. This, in turn, is expected to enhance the resilience of critical transport networks against natural hazards, particularly in flood-prone regions.
Possibilities and the effects of introducing superblocks in Zagreb Lower Town
Authors: Javorović Karla , Ahac Maja , Majstorović Igor , Ahac Saša
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the spatial and technical possibilities for transforming the Croatian capital Zagreb Lower Town street network according to the principle of superblocks. Superblock is an innovative intervention in the use of urban areas, the goal of which is to restore space for residents' recreation, reduce motorised traffic, promote sustainable mobility and an active lifestyle, ensure the greening of the area, and thereby reduce the effects of climate change, all while improving the functioning of the entire transport system. The initial analysis based on the publicly available literature, spatial and statistical data, and regulations showed that the Lower Town area could be divided into 15 superblocks, of which the potential of one specific superblock was analysed in detail. Based on the collected data on traffic and infrastructure, an analysis of the current state of the pedestrian and motor system was performed. The quality of the chosen superblock transport network was evaluated, and a proposal was made to transform it by implementing eight measures. Based on the re-evaluated results following the implementation of the proposed measures, it was concluded that small interventions in the superblock infrastructure, i.e. modifications of transport corridors that do not require extensive construction works, can provide an environment that would improve the quality of the entire transport system.
Low-carbon pavement solutions: integrating incineration ashes in precast concrete innovations
Authors: Šantek Bajto Jelena , Carević Ivana , Štirmer Nina , Hozmec Suzana , Jelenić Danica
Published: October 2024

In the European Union (EU), the incineration of wood biomass and sewage sludge yields approximately 25 million tons of waste residue annually. These residues currently present a significant challenge within the construction industry, as they are either directed towards low-value applications or left unused. Challenges such as limited public awareness of safety and environmental implications, inconsistencies in legislation, and market hesitation impede their widespread adoption. In light of climate change, circular economy principles, and stringent environmental regulations, the construction sector requires innovation to shift its status from surplus to critical need. The revised Construction Products Regulation (CPR) acknowledges this necessity and mandates the prioritized use of recycled materials. Within this context, the central focus of this paper is on an illustrative case study outlining the development and implementation of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in the pilot-scale production of precast semi-dry concrete pavement elements. Beginning with the a priori characterisation of incineration waste residues, the study evaluates the feasibility of utilizing these materials as a substitute for sand in large-scale concrete batching plants. Mechanical properties and durability are assessed in alignment with the technical requirements of precast concrete manufacturers. Beyond engineering considerations, the ecological significance is underscored by addressing the leaching of heavy metals from concrete composites containing waste ash, with a particular emphasis on environmental safety.
Road asset management manual of the world road association PIARC
Authors: Kokot Darko , Nicolosi Vittorio
Published: October 2024

PIARC (World Road Association) is the world's oldest professional association in the field of roads and road transport, founded in 1909. The main technical and development activities are carried out in the Technical Committees, with Technical Committee 3.3 Road Asset Management preparing and developing a road asset management framework that enables road authorities to manage their activities, risks and administrative costs in an efficient manner. In its previous cycles, Technical Committee 3.3 produced an online manual with guidance on how to apply asset management principles for more effective management of road assets. In the latest cycle, new topics were added to the manual as well as translations to French language provided. The manual is aimed at national and local road administrations, regardless of the organisational competence of asset management (maturity level), and at all those involved in the management of road infrastructure. Management here means the short and long-term management of the capacity and performance of road infrastructure throughout its lifetime, including the timely implementation of maintenance measures and the identification and management of various risks. The manual also addresses the rationale for funding infrastructure maintenance and improving communication with the various stakeholders. In this paper we will briefly describe the manual, focusing attention on the innovations recently introduced, and we will highlight the peculiarities and positive aspects of this dissemination tool.
The role of intelligent transportation systems in mitigating adverse weather effects on traffic safety and efficiency
Authors: Čelar Nikola , Stanković Stamenka , Kajalić Jelena
Published: October 2024

Climate change, i.e. warmer temperatures, intensifies the frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Adverse weather conditions present significant challenges to the safety and efficiency of transportation systems worldwide. Inclement weather, including rain, snow, fog, and storms, has been identified as a major factor contributing to increased road accidents, traffic congestion, and delays. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have emerged as a solution to mitigate these adverse effects by optimizing traffic flow and enhancing safety. This paper explores the various components and functionalities of ITS in addressing adverse weather impacts on traffic safety and efficiency. Based on real-time weather data, ITS provide drivers with accurate information, enables automated traffic management and control strategies, and optimizes traffic flow during adverse weather events. Furthermore, the paper presents different ITS applications in reducing the risks associated with adverse weather. This review highlights the potential of ITS as a crucial tool in weather-responsive transportation systems, emphasizing the need for continued research, technological advancements, and multidisciplinary approach to further enhance the resilience of transportation system. Implementing comprehensive ITS solutions holds the promise of significantly reducing the adverse impacts of weather on traffic safety and efficiency, ultimately contributing to a more sustainable and resilient transportation infrastructure.
Effect of crack sealing treatment on skid resistance of pavement
Authors: Tušar Marjan , Zekič Jure , Kokot Darko , Ržek Lidija
Published: October 2024

The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of crack sealing treatments on the skid resistance of the pavement. Measurements were conducted using the Skid Resistance Tester (SRT or British pendulum) and the SCIMTEX equipment, which measures the side-way force acting perpendicular to the measuring wheel set a 20-degree angle to the direction of travel. The results of the SRT measurements on the surface of the bituminous sealing compound after the sealing treatment revealed a considerable loss of skid resistance compared to the non-sealed surface. The lowest measured value was 23 SRT units, significantly below the requirement for highways in Slovenia (50 SRT units). These results were observed only on a narrow area of the pavement surface within the treated crack limits. The width of the treated fissure is typically around 3 cm, which has a notable impact on the safety of cyclists and motorcyclists, given that that contact width between the pavement and the wheels of bikes and motorcycles in bends is less than 3 cm. To enhance the skid resistance of the pavements post-treatment, we utilized specially produced expanded clay with a grain size of 2/4 mm. Measurements using the SRT and SCRIMTEX equipment indicated some improvement in skid resistance.
The influence of a thin soil layer on the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve
Authors: Kovačević Meho Saša , Ivoš Gordana , Jurić Kaćunić Danijela , Librić Lovorka , Bačić Mario
Published: October 2024

During the construction of road and railway infrastructure, there is a continuous need for the foundation of heavy structures and embankments on soft soils, or soils of inadequate bearing capacity. In such cases, some of the soil improvement methods such as stone columns or jet grouting are applied. An average increase of stiffness for the improved soil can successfully and reliably be determined by one of the non-destructive surface wave methods. The most common are: Spectral Analyses of Surface Waves, Continuous Surface Wave analysis, and Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves. The methods are based on dispersive characteristics of Rayleigh waves, which consider surface waves of different wavelengths, i.e., frequencies, spread to different depths. Thus, waves of lower frequency, meaning of greater wavelength, are spreading deeper in the medium than waves of high frequency and smaller wavelength. The change of wave-spreading velocity on the surface depending on the wavelength is called wave dispersion and is closely related to the stiffness characteristics of a multi-layered medium through which the wave is spreading. The paper presents a detailed parametric analysis performed to identify the influence of a thin weak and stiff soil layer on the Rayleigh wave dispersion curve.
Enhancement of road safety: a proposed revision of the regulations for the design of public roads in Croatia
Authors: Majstorović Igor , Stančerić Ivica , Rigo Ana , Stepan Željko
Published: October 2024

The current Croatian Regulation for the design of highways and rural roads is outdated, dating back to 2001. The regulation is based on outdated assumptions that no longer reflect the prevailing traffic conditions. Over the past two decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of vehicles on Croatian roads, accompanied by a corresponding rise in vehicle dimensions and weight. This evolving traffic landscape necessitates a reassessment of the fundamental premises upon which the regulation is predicated and a consequent revision of its provisions. To address this need, a comprehensive analysis of neighbouring countries' regulations and guidelines, including Slovenia, Austria and Germany, was undertaken. This comparative analysis revealed a common approach to classifying roads based on their intended function and maximum permitted speed. Building upon this insight, a proposal for design classes of the national network is presented. Highways are divided into three classes (AC-1, AC-2, AC-3) according to their maximum permitted speed, while rural roads are categorized into five classes (CIN-1 to CIN-5) based on their intended function and maximum permitted speed. For each design class, a distinctive cross-sectional profile appearance is defined, encompassing geometric elements such as traffic lane, shoulder, and median. These proposed profile appearances are tailored to the specific requirements of each design class, ensuring that the road infrastructure aligns with the expected traffic volumes and characteristics. The potential impact of adopting design classes on the existing built network of state roads is thoroughly examined. The analysis reveals that the application of design classes can significantly enhance traffic safety without necessitating extensive reconstruction of existing road infrastructure. In conclusion, the proposed revision of the Croatian Regulation adopts a modern approach that aligns with international standards and best practices. The introduction of design classes, along with the corresponding typical cross-section profile, will contribute to a safer and more efficient road network across Croatia.
The influence of the vehicle layout on the performance of public transport
Authors: Rüger Bernhard
Published: October 2024

Vehicle design has a significant influence on the possible capacity and therefore the performance of a route, as well as on operational requirements such as punctuality, the achievement of edge running times and turnaround times, but also on economic and environmental criteria such as energy consumption.
Experimental investigation on the effect of crumb rubber on the mechanical behaviour of stone mastic asphalt (SMA)
Authors: Zakerzadeh Mahdi , Shahbodagh Babak , Khalili Nasser
Published: October 2024

The utilisation of crumb rubber through a dry process addresses the challenges of tyre recycling and promotes environmental sustainability. This study aimed to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the Crumb Rubber Stone Mastic Asphalt (CR-SMA) mixture. The response surface methodology (RSM) is adopted to explore the impact of independent variables, such as binder content, Crumb Rubber (CR) content, processing time, and CR size, on the variables controlling the mechanical response of the mixture. To comprehensively evaluate the data, the moisture susceptibility, resilient modulus, and fracture energy of the asphalt mixtures are studied using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study successfully achieved an optimum CR-SMA mixture design by enhancing resistance to moisture damage, resilient modulus, and fracture energy, contributing to an improved understanding of the mechanical performance criteria. A quadratic polynomial model aligned with experimental results is proposed, providing reliable predictions of the material performance with an acceptable level of accuracy. These findings offer a valuable roadmap for future strategies in construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation, particularly within the domain of rubberised SMA pavements.
Mechanical properties of foam concrete as a construction material in cycle pavement structures
Authors: Papánová Zuzana , Prišč Matej
Published: October 2024

The structural layers of cycle pavements are currently being optimised regarding their individual layer composition. Currently, the material composition of the layers is not made of the highest quality materials in terms of stiffness and strength. The aim is to achieve a gradual gradation of the stiffness of the individual layers in relation to the load on the road. The new material foam concrete is used in cycle pavements. Its tensile mechanical properties are significant for the design of structural blocks, contraction, and expansion joints and especially the thickness of the foam concrete layer. This paper discusses a simplified tensile test of foam concrete on specific specimens. It also includes the evaluation and determination of the basic tensile properties of one type of foam concrete - FC500. The conclusion of the paper presents practical examples of the use of this material in concrete cycle pavements in Slovakia.
Wind tunnel testing of a cable stayed bridge pylon
Authors: Gomez Roberto , Mendoza Marco , Sanchez Raul , Rosales Oscar
Published: October 2024

One of the objectives wind tunnel aeroelastic testing for bridges in smooth or very turbulent flows is to identify the potential of vortex-detached vibration and verify that wind speeds associated with the flutter instability are sufficiently high. This document shows the experimental methodology used for the study of the aeroelastic behavior of a pylon of a cable stayed bridge, which will be located in México city. Measurements of the response of the pylon were performed at four different wind azimuths in relation to the longitudinal axis of the bridge; i.e. 0° (along the axis of the bridge), 30°, 60° and 90° (perpendicular to the axis of the bridge) and taking advantage of the symmetry of the bridge for these measurements. The results of the analysis are presented in terms of forces, moments and displacements in different sections of the model; low turbulence and turbulent wind flows that reproduce the local conditions at the site were simulated in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. Construction and service stages of the bridge are considered. Based on the analysis of the results, final comments and recommendations are issued.
Development and application of ropeway systems in urban areas
Authors: Starčević Martin , Nikšić Mladen , Mikulčić Matea , Čičak Mario
Published: October 2024

Urban transportation faces escalating challenges due to population growth, congestion, and environmental concerns. This prompted exploring innovative solutions to enhance mobility and mitigate negative impacts. For the most part, ropeway systems are not considered as usual transport means in urban areas. Gondola lifts and aerial tramways are essentially perceived as transport systems for skiers in winter resorts and to overcome topographical obstacles and barriers like mountains, gorges, and large water areas. Traditional transport modes cannot overcome these landscapes without significant financial costs and changes to the natural topography. However, ropeway systems can effectively be used in urban and suburban areas as complementary to central public transport systems or as a standalone means of transportation. Case studies from cities like Medellin, La Paz, Koblenz, and Toulouse demonstrate how ropeway systems can overcome transportation challenges and improve connectivity and mobility options for residents. However, it is essential to note that successful implementations may vary depending on cultural and local characteristics, necessitating careful consideration of the unique circumstances and challenges posed by each location.
Introduction of a novel smart sleeper design for railway track condition monitoring
Authors: Toprak Mehmet , Özden Bayezid , Çelik Oğuzhan , Sapanca Gökhan , Şahin Mehmet , Yüksel Ercan
Published: October 2024

Railways commonly use ballasted track systems as their primary infrastructure. Increased track tonnage and service speeds require enhanced track condition monitoring and active maintenance protocols. Modern railway track maintenance involves digital and visual inspection algorithms, which becomes time-consuming and costly with increased track lengths. Real-time condition monitoring of railways is important to determine the possible problems cost-effectively and rapidly. Smart sleepers offer real-time data for continuous monitoring of critical track zones. This paper presents the conceptual development of a novel smart sleeper utilizing embedded accelerometers and strain gauges for railway condition monitoring. The conceptual design and prototype production of the smart sleeper involves the installation of accelerometers with three degrees of freedom placed at the sleeper center and the two rail seats of a B70-type prestressed concrete sleeper. The initial phase of this study involves tests conducted in the laboratory to examine the sensitivity of embedded sensors. Sensors are selected to indicate a substantial acceleration interval due to abrupt, rapid, and gradual roughness variations in the track profile and abrupt lateral variations due to track buckling. An embedded electronic circuit board specially engineered for data acquisition is also a part of the smart sleeper. This paper presents the progress made within the first phase of this research and development project that includes the conceptual development of the smart sleeper and its electronic architecture.
The use of recycled plastics in warm mix asphalt
Authors: Bezina Šime , Rudeš Ana , Domitrović Josipa , Stančerić Ivica , Rukavina Tatjana
Published: October 2024

The production of plastic in the world has increased exponentially over the last fifty years, and the amount of plastic waste has increased accordingly. Governments around the world are beginning to ban single-use plastics, while investing in the development of waste management facilities and promoting recycling practices. The use of recycled plastics in the production of asphalt mixtures has become widespread due to the economic and environmental benefits. To date, numerous studies have been conducted on the feasibility of blending various types of recycled plastic into hot mix asphalt (HMA). The results of these studies have shown that the addition of recycled plastic increases resistance to rutting, fatigue and moisture sensitivity while reducing susceptibility to cracking at low temperatures. The use of recycled plastic in asphalt mixtures should be further investigated, particularly with regard to compatibility with technologies for the production of warm mix asphalt (WMA). Technologies for the production of WMA are based on reducing the viscosity of bitumen using foaming techniques or additives. WMA is produced at a temperature that is about 20°C – 40 (60)°C lower than conventional HMA. Lower temperature of mixed and compacted WMA allowed reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, bringing numerous benefits: ecological, economic and structural. This review paper aims to present the current state of the art, the benefits and the challenges related to the application of recycled plastics in WMA.