bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pea protein isolate and inulin as plant‐based biomacromolecules for reduction of sugar uptake in osmotic dehydration
Authors: Wang Xiaojuan , Feng Hao
Published: July 2023

Concerns have been raised about the potential health risks associated with elevated sugar levels in food products of osmotic dehydration (OD). To address this issue, a new strategy was proposed and validated in this study. Pea protein isolate (PPI) and inulin were introduced into osmotic solutions to reduce sucrose uptake in apple slices. Apple samples were subjected to OD (40%wt sucrose) at 40°C with different concentrations of PPI or inulin. Three parameters, including performance ratio (Pr), dehydration efficiency index (DEI), and sucrose gain rate were used to evaluate the effect of PPI and inulin addition on reducing sucrose uptake. The result showed that sucrose content in apple tissues after OD for 4 h was 51.79 mg/100 mg dry basis when treated by a sucrose solution alone, but was reduced to 43.43 mg/100 mg dry basis and 46.12 mg/100 mg dry basis when 1.5%wt inulin and 3% wt PPI was added, respectively.

Practical applications

The use of low‐temperature and phase‐change‐free osmotic dehydration methods for the preservation of fruits is advantageous due to low energy consumption, better quality retention, and ease of operation. It has been used to produce intermediate moisture foods or as a pretreatment for other drying methods. However, the most widely used osmotic agents often contain high calories because carbohydrates have become the most popular osmotic agents. This has promoted the exploration of natural methods to reduce sugar uptake while maintaining the drying characteristic of osmotic dehydration. This study was undertaken to investigate the use of two biomacromolecules, that is, pea protein isolate and inulin as a simple yet effective means for achieving sugar reduction. The finding of this work has demonstrated that both methods can significantly reduce sucrose content in dried apple slices, thus confirming the potential for practical applications.
Spontaneous unilateral spatial neglect recovery after brain tumour resection: A multimodal diffusion and rs‐fMRI case report
Authors: Zigiotto Luca , Amorosino Gabriele , Saviola Francesca , Jovicich Jorge , Annicchiarico Luciano , Rozzanigo Umberto , Olivetti Emanuele , Avesani Paolo , Sarubbo Silvio
Published: July 2023

Patients with unilateral spatial neglect (USN) are unable to explore or to report stimuli presented in the left personal and extra‐personal space. USN is usually caused by lesion of the right parietal lobe: nowadays, it is also clear the key role of structural connections (the second and the third branch of the right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus, respectively, SLF II and III) and functional networks (Dorsal and Ventral Attention Network, respectively, DAN and VAN) in USN. In this multimodal case report, we have merged those structural and functional information derived from a patient with a right parietal lobe tumour and USN before surgery. Functional, structural and neuropsychological data were also collected 6 months after surgery, when the USN was spontaneously recovered. Diffusion metrics and Functional Connectivity (FC) of the right SLF and DAN, before and after surgery, were compared with the same data of a patient with a tumour in a similar location, but without USN, and with a control sample. Results indicate an impairment in the right SLF III and a reduction of FC of the right DAN in patients with USN before surgery compared to controls; after surgery, when USN was recovered, patient's diffusion metrics and FC showed no differences compared to the controls. This single case and its multimodal approach reinforce the crucial role of the right SLF III and DAN in the development and recovery of egocentric and allocentric extra‐personal USN, highlighting the need to preserve these structural and functional areas during brain surgery.
Potent pigmentation inhibitory activity of incensole‐enriched frankincense volatile oil‐identification, efficacy and mechanism
Authors: Yan Xiufang , Ma Xiaoyu , Dai Daoxin , Yan Xiaojuan , Han Xingyan , Bao Xijun , Xie Qiufang
Published: July 2023

Background

Frankincense volatile oil (FVO) has long been considered a side product in pharmaceutical industry since frankincense of large molecular weight is the prime target. However, the volatile oil recycled in the extract process might contain a series of functional actives, serving as promising ingredients in the cosmetic field.

Methods

Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometer was utilized to determine the species and amount of active ingredients in FVO. Subsequently, zebrafish models were used to evaluate pigmentation inhibition, ROS elimination and neutrophil activation. In vitro DPPH test was also conducted to consolidate the anti‐oxidation efficacy. Based on the test results, network pharmacology was incorporated, where GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed to discover the interrelations between active ingredients.

Results

About 40 actives molecules were identified, including incensole, acetate incensole, and acetate incensole oxide. The FVO demonstrated great depigmentation activity by suppressing melanin synthesis, as well as providing free radical scavenging and anti‐inflammation effect. In network pharmacology analysis, 192 intersected targets were identified. By enrichment analysis and network construction, a series of whitening signal pathways, and hub genes, containing STAT3，MAPK3，MAPK1 were identified.

Conclusion

The current study quantified the components of FVO, evaluated its efficacy in skin depigmentation, and give pioneering insights on the possible mechanism. The results confirmed that the FVO could serve as whitening agent in topical uses.
Noninvasive lipolysis modalities in aesthetic medicine
Authors: Wolska Joanna , Hassan Haidar
Published: July 2023

Background

Adipose tissue is a vital metabolic organ that takes part in body homeostasis. However, an increase in fat tissue can be detrimental for one's health and lead to undesirable changes in body shape. Noninvasive lipolysis is becoming an increasingly popular method to destroy and remove excess body fat and improve one's satisfaction with their body appearance.

Aim

The aim of this study was to perform an evidence‐based review of the clinical efficacy and safety of noninvasive lipolysis modalities in fat reduction.

Materials and Methods

An evidence‐based review was performed to evaluate the scientific evidence available on the subject. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) were searched between February and May 2022 for randomized controlled trials and observational studies performed on adult population in the last 20 years investigating the clinical outcomes of noninvasive lipolysis modalities. The selected studies were divided by modality type (cryolipolysis, ultrasound therapy, radiofrequency, and laser therapy), and the data on the efficacy and safety were extracted.

Results

In total, the search identified 55 papers which met the inclusion criteria. All four energy‐based modalities, including cryolipolysis, ultrasound therapy, radiofrequency, and laser therapy, were shown to be clinically effective in terms of both objective body measurements, such as fat layer thickness or circumference reduction, and subjective patient satisfaction. Furthermore, the abovementioned methods were proven to have a low side effect profile.

Conclusion

In conclusion, although evidence supports safety and efficacy, further well‐designed trials are needed to strengthen confidence in long‐term effectiveness and safety of noninvasive lipolysis.
Beyond the Feeling Individual: Insights from Sociology on Emotions and Embeddedness
Authors: Zhang Rongrong , Voronov Maxim , Toubiana Madeline , Vince Russ , Hudson Bryant Ashley
Published: July 2023

Organizational scholars have treated emotions mostly as an individual‐level phenomenon, with limited theorisation of emotions as an important component in social embeddedness. In this review essay, we argue for the need for a toolkit to study emotions as an inherently social phenomenon. To do so, we apply insights from sociology that have been under‐utilized in management and organization research. We focus on three sociological concepts: collective emotions and social bonds, emotional energy and moral batteries, and emotional capital. We then develop an integrative model of emotional embeddedness to emphasize that emotions are socially constructed and socially authorized. We end the paper by setting out a research agenda for more research in management and organization that is informed by these three concepts.
Confronting the grand challenge of environmental sustainability within supply chains: How can organizational strategic agility drive environmental innovation?
Authors: Bouguerra Abderaouf , Hughes Mathew , Rodgers Peter , Stokes Peter , Tatoglu Ekrem
Published: July 2023

Supply chains are interconnected, globally distributed, and complex systems that significantly impact the environment and human civilization. Achieving environmental sustainability in supply chains is a grand challenge that requires collaboration and innovation among multiple stakeholders. In this study, we combine the natural‐resource‐based view and the stakeholder‐resource‐based view (SRBV) to examine how organizational strategic agility can foster collaborative environmental innovation and enhance environmental sustainability in supply chains. We use data from 758 managers from 185 firms in Turkey, an emerging economy context. We find that organizational strategic agility, enabled by organic organizational structures and regional innovation initiatives, leads to more collaborative environmental innovation with supply partners and higher environmental sustainability performance. Our study contributes to the literature on grand challenges, organizational strategic agility, and innovation management by showing how for‐profit firms can leverage their strategic agility to address the grand challenge of environmental sustainability in supply chains. We also find two interventions to promote this form of environmental innovation: developing organizational strategic agility and organic structures within firms and involvement in regional innovation initiatives to stimulate collaborative innovation for environmental sustainability among supply partners.
We are all in this together: Rurality, Social cohesion, and COVID‐19 prevention behaviors
Authors: Sood Radhika , Entenman Juliette , Kitt‐Lewis Erin , Lennon Robert P. , Pinto Casey N. , Moss Jennifer L.
Published: July 2023

Background

Social cohesion refers to an individual's sense of belonging to their community and correlates with health outcomes. Rural communities tend to have higher social cohesion than urban communities. Social cohesion is relatively understudied as a factor impacting COVID‐19 prevention behaviors. This study explores the associations between social cohesion, rurality, and COVID‐19 prevention behaviors.

Methods

Participants completed a questionnaire assessing rurality; social cohesion (subscales of (1) attraction to neighborhood, (2) acts of neighboring, and (3) sense of community); COVID‐19 behaviors; and demographics. Chi‐square tests were used to characterize participant demographics and COVID‐19 behaviors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between COVID‐19 outcomes and rurality, social cohesion, and demographics.

Results

Most participants (n = 2,926) were non‐Hispanic White (78.2%) and married (60.4%); 36.9% were rural. Rural participants were less likely than urban participants to practice social distancing (78.7% vs 90.6%, P<.001) or stay home when sick (87.7% vs 93.5%, P<.001). Social distancing was more common among participants with higher “attraction to neighborhood” scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26‐3.47) but was less common among participants with higher “acts of neighboring” scores (aOR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.40‐0.88). Staying home when sick was also more common among participants with higher scores on “attraction to neighborhood” (aOR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.15‐3.91), and less common among participants with higher scores on “acts of neighboring” (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.33‐0.86).

Conclusions

Efforts to maximize COVID‐19 behavioral prevention, particularly among rural communities, should emphasize the importance of protecting the health of one's neighbors and how to support one's neighbors without face‐to‐face interactions.
Social positioning theory and quantum mechanics
Authors: Lawson Tony
Published: July 2023

Social positioning theory, or an account of the human individual that it grounds, qualifies as a quantum social theory. This is an assessment that I explain and defend in the paper. It is of interest in that, in a world where increasing numbers are seeking to construct quantum social theories, it serves to help demonstrate that this goal can be achieved without giving up on meeting criteria like explanatory intelligibility or power or discarding real‐world notions like human (and other) entities. As it turns out, a central feature of the account defended and a core element of the ‘standard’ interpretation of quantum mechanics are found to stand in an interesting, unanticipated and suggestive relation to each other.
Contrasting host use and feeding behavior by sympatric mesograzers
Authors: Paula Caio A. , Borges Dalila J. , Andrade Aynara R. , Leite Fosca P. P. , Costa Tânia M. , Machado Glauco B. O.
Published: July 2023

Marine mesograzers use macroalgae as food and habitat and may have strong top‐down effects on plants and macroalgae. Sympatric mesograzer species often differ regarding host use and feeding behavior, which may lead to distinct impacts by these consumers on primary producers. The amphipods Hyale niger and Ampithoe marcuzzii are mesograzers abundant that co‐occur in Brazilian waters and, although they use several macroalgae as habitat, it is unknown how much the food value of these hosts explains the host use pattern by the two mesograzers. Herein, we investigated the abundance and feeding behavior of the sympatric amphipods H. niger and A. marcuzzii. For that, their abundance on the macroalgal hosts Sargassum filipendula, Padina gymnospora, and Dichotomaria marginata was evaluated seasonally in a rocky shore at Fortaleza Beach, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Also, multiple‐choice and no‐choice feeding experiments were carried out at laboratory to evaluate the feeding behavior of these mesograzers. The abundance of H. niger was similar among the three macroalgal hosts (except during winter), while A. marcuzzii was more abundant on Dichotomaria and Padina than Sargassum in all seasons. Moreover, H. niger consumed more Padina than Dichotomaria and Sargassum in both feeding experiments. In turn, A. marcuzzii preferred to feed on Padina when it had a choice and consumed the three macroalgal hosts at similar levels in the no‐choice feeding experiment. Overall, H. niger and A. marcuzzii differ from each other regarding their feeding behavior and host use pattern. In particular, the food value of macroalgae seems to partially explain the host use by A. marcuzzi, but not by H. niger. The differences between H. niger and A. marcuzzii may result in varying impacts on primary producers.
Past antihypertensive medication use is associated with lower levels of small vessel disease and lower Aβ plaque stage in the brains of older individuals
Authors: Affleck Andrew J. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Halliday Glenda M.
Published: July 2023

Aims

This study assesses the association of antihypertensive medication use on the severities of neuropathological cerebrovascular disease (CVD excluding lobar infarction) in older individuals.

Methods

Clinical and neuropathological data were retrieved for 149 autopsy cases >75 years old with or without CVD or Alzheimer's disease and no other neuropathological diagnoses. Clinical data included hypertension status, hypertension diagnosis, antihypertensive medication use, antihypertensive medication dose (where available) and clinical dementia rating (CDR). Neuropathological CVD severity was evaluated for differences with anti‐hypertensive medication usage.

Results

Antihypertensive medication use was associated with less severe white matter small vessel disease (SVD, mainly perivascular dilatation and rarefaction), with a 5.6–14.4 times greater likelihood of less severe SVD if medicated. No significant relationship was detected between infarction (presence, type, number and size), lacunes or cerebral amyloid angiopathy and antihypertensive medication use. Only increased white matter rarefaction/oedema and not perivascular dilation was associated with Alzheimer's pathology, with a 4.3 times greater likelihood of reduced Aβ progression through the brain if white matter rarefaction severity was none or mild. Antihypertensive medication use was associated with reduced Aβ progression but only in those with moderate to severe white matter SVD.

Conclusions

This histopathological study provides further evidence that antihypertensive medication use in older individuals is associated with white matter SVD and not with other CVD pathologies. This is mainly due to a reduction in white matter perivascular dilation and rarefaction/oedema. Even in those with moderate to severe white matter SVD, antihypertensive medication use reduced rarefaction and Aβ propagation through the brain.
The need to decipher plant drought stress along the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum
Authors: Schweiger Andreas H. , Zimmermann Telse , Poll Christian , Marhan Sven , Leyrer Vinzent , Berauer Bernd J.
Published: July 2023

Lacking comparability among rainfall manipulation studies is still a major limiting factor for generalizations in ecological climate change impact research. A common framework for studying ecological drought effects is urgently needed to foster advances in ecological understanding the effects of drought. In this study, we argue, that the soil–plant–atmosphere‐continuum (SPAC), describing the flow of water from the soil through the plant to the atmosphere, can serve as a holistic concept of drought in rainfall manipulation experiments which allows for the reconciliation experimental drought ecology. Using experimental data, we show that investigations of leaf water potential in combination with edaphic and atmospheric drought – as the three main components of the SPAC – are key to understand the effect of drought on plants. Based on a systematic literature survey, we show that especially plant and atmospheric based drought quantifications are strongly underrepresented and integrative assessments of all three components are almost absent in current experimental literature. Based on our observations we argue, that studying dynamics of plant water status in the framework of the SPAC can foster comparability of different studies conducted in different ecosystems and with different plant species and can facilitate extrapolation to other systems, species or future climates.
Epicardial connections and bi‐atrial tachycardias: From anatomy to clinical practice
Authors: Lai Yiwei , Ge Weili , Sang Caihua , Macle Laurent , Tang Ribo , Long Deyong , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng
Published: July 2023

Bi‐atrial tachycardia (BiAT) is not rare after extensive atrial ablation or cardiac surgery. The complexity of bi‐atrial reentrant circuits poses a great challenge for clinical practice. With recent advances in mapping technologies, we are now able to characterize atrial activation in detail. However, given the involvement of both atria and multiple epicardial conductions, endocardial mapping for BiATs is not easy to understand. Knowledge of the atrial myocardial architecture is the foundation for the clinical management of BiATs; as it is required to understand the possible mechanism of the tachycardia and identify the optimal target of ablation. In this review we summarize current knowledge about the anatomy of interatrial connections as well as other epicardial fibers and discuss the interpretation of electrophysiological findings and ablation strategies for BiATs.
Comparative pangenome analyses provide insights into the evolution of Brassica rapa resistance gene analogues (RGAs)
Authors: Amas Junrey C. , Bayer Philipp E. , Hong Tan Wei , Tirnaz Soodeh , Thomas William J. W. , Edwards David , Batley Jacqueline
Published: July 2023

Brassica rapa is grown worldwide as economically important vegetable and oilseed crop. However, its production is challenged by yield‐limiting pathogens. The sustainable control of these pathogens mainly relies on the deployment of genetic resistance primarily driven by resistance gene analogues (RGAs). While several studies have identified RGAs in B. rapa, these were mainly based on a single genome reference and do not represent the full range of RGA diversity in B. rapa. In this study, we utilized the B. rapa pangenome, constructed from 71 lines encompassing 12 morphotypes, to describe a comprehensive repertoire of RGAs in B. rapa. We show that 309 RGAs were affected by presence‐absence variation (PAV) and 223 RGAs were missing from the reference genome. The transmembrane leucine‐rich repeat (TM‐LRR) RGA class had more core gene types than variable genes, while the opposite was observed for nucleotide‐binding site leucine‐rich repeats (NLRs). Comparative analysis with the B. napus pangenome revealed significant RGA conservation (93%) between the two species. We identified 138 candidate RGAs located within known B. rapa disease resistance QTL, of which the majority were under negative selection. Using blackleg gene homologues, we demonstrated how these genes in B. napus were derived from B. rapa. This further clarifies the genetic relationship of these loci, which may be useful in narrowing‐down candidate blackleg resistance genes. This study provides a novel genomic resource towards the identification of candidate genes for breeding disease resistance in B. rapa and its relatives.
Vascular implications of Dasineura sp. galls' establishment on Peumus boldus stems
Authors: Guedes L. M. , Aguilera N. , Gavilán E. , Péndola J. A. , Villagrán N. E.
Published: July 2023

Some chewing larvae are capable of inducing galls in the host vascular cylinder, e.g. Dasineura sp. (Cecidomyiidae) on Peumus boldus stems. Due to the medicinal and economic importance of P. boldus, the anatomical and functional implications of establishment of Dasineura sp. on P. boldus stems were investigated. We asked if establishment of Dasineura sp. in P. boldus stems induces abnormalities at the cellular and organizational level of the vascular system that increase during gall development in favour of the hydric status of the gall.

Anatomical alterations induced in the stems during gall development were determined. Cytohistometric analyses in mature galls were compared to non‐galled stems, and water potential and leaf area of non‐galled stems were compared with galled stems.

Dasineura sp. establishes in the vascular cambium, leading to delignification and rupture of xylem cells, inhibiting formation of phloem and perivascular sclerenchyma. Gall diameter increases together with larval feeding activity, producing a large larval chamber and numerous layers of nutritive tissue, vascular parenchyma, and sclerenchyma. These anatomical alterations do not affect the leaf area of galled stems but favour increased water flow towards these stems.

The anatomical alterations induced by Dasineura sp. in P. boldus stems guarantee water and nutrient supply to the gall and larva. After the inducer exits stems, some host branches no longer have vascular connections with the plant body.
Estimating assortment size effects on platforms: Leveraging imperfect geographic targeting for causal inference
Authors: Wang Yang , Luo Xueming , Lin Zhijie
Published: July 2023

Customers of two‐sided platforms may succumb to choice overload due to the frequently overwhelming assortment in such markets. We investigate the effect of assortment size on consumers' purchase probability using a unique click‐stream dataset from a large peer‐to‐peer meal delivery platform. To resolve the key endogeneity challenge that assortment size may be larger in areas where consumers experience greater utility from purchase, we introduce a novel causal inference strategy that exploits a common but imperfect geographic targeting tool employed by the platform: limiting kitchens to a set of fixed delivery radii. We argue and show through simulation exercises that true assortment size effects on purchase probability can be estimated when we employ clustering algorithms to recover and account for neighborhoods that may be targeted by suppliers. Applying our causal inference strategy to the home‐cooked delivery setting, we find that purchase rate effects of assortment size are rapidly diminishing. In fact, our findings suggest that up to 18% of active users experience choice overload. These effects persist despite accounting for potential pricing, assortment variety, and personalization confounds and are robust to nonparametric specifications and accounting for unobserved heterogeneity in assortment effects. We further document the novel moderating role of new‐to‐user and off‐platform options on assortment size effects.
Trajectories of cardiovascular risk predict pregnancy outcomes: The Bogalusa Heart Study and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Authors: Harville Emily W. , Hakala Juuso O. , Rovio Suvi P. , Pahkala Katja , Raitakari Olli , Lehtimäki Terho
Published: July 2023

Background

Life course patterns of change in risk—trajectories—affect health.

Objectives

To examine how trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors are associated with pregnancy and birth outcomes.

Methods

Data from two cohort studies participating in the International Childhood Cardiovascular Consortium—The Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS; started in 1973, N = 903 for this analysis) and the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study (YFS; started in 1980, N = 499) were used. Both followed children into adulthood and measured cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), total, lipoprotein (LDL)‐ and high density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol and serum triglycerides. Discrete mixture modelling was used to divide each cohort into distinct trajectories according to these risk factors from childhood to early adulthood, and these groups were then used to predict pregnancy outcomes including small for gestational age (SGA; <10th study‐specific percentile of gestational age by sex), preterm birth (PTB; <37 weeks' gestation), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with control for age at baseline and at first birth, parity, socioeconomic status, BMI and smoking.

Results

The models created more trajectories for BMI, SBP and HDL‐cholesterol in the YFS than in BHS, for which three classes generally seemed to be sufficient to represent the groups in the population across risk factors. In BHS, the association between the higher and flatter DBP trajectory and PTB was aRR 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 2.96. In BHS the association between consistent total cholesterol and PTB was aRR 2.16, 95% CI 1.22, 3.85 and in YFS the association between elevated high trajectory and PTB was aRR 3.35, 95% CI 1.28, 8.79. Elevated‐increasing SBP was associated with a higher risk of GH in BHS and increasing or persistent‐obese BMI trajectories were associated with GDM in both cohorts (BHS: aRR 3.51, 95% CI 1.95, 6.30; YFS: aRR 2.61, 95% CI 0.96, 7.08).

Conclusions

Trajectories of cardiovascular risk, particularly those that represent a consistent or more rapid worsening of cardiovascular health, are associated with a higher risk of pregnancy complications.
The rise of international climate litigation
Authors: Mayer Benoit , van Asselt Harro
Published: July 2023

International climate litigation is on the rise, with international courts and tribunals being asked to offer advisory opinions on climate change, several rights‐based climate change claims being put forward before international human rights bodies and courts, and international economic tribunals increasingly being engaged with the issue. This special issue on international climate litigation examines these trends and seeks to better understand how international litigation may foster (or, sometimes, impede) action on climate change. In this introduction to the special issue, we offer our reflections based on some of the central themes of the special issue. In particular, we underscore the need to think strategically about the possible (intended and unintended) outcomes of international climate litigation.
Rogue waves in the massive Thirring model
Authors: Chen Junchao , Yang Bo , Feng Bao‐Feng
Published: July 2023

In this paper, general rogue wave solutions in the massive Thirring (MT) model are derived by using the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy reduction method and these rational solutions are presented explicitly in terms of determinants whose matrix elements are elementary Schur polynomials. In the reduction process, three reduction conditions including one index‐ and two dimension‐ones are proved to be consistent by only one constraint relation on parameters of tau‐functions of the KP‐Toda hierarchy. It is found that the rogue wave solutions in the MT model depend on two background parameters, which influence their orientation and duration. Differing from many other coupled integrable systems, the MT model only admits the rogue waves of bright‐type, and the higher order rogue waves represent the superposition of fundamental ones in which the nonreducible parameters determine the arrangement patterns of fundamental rogue waves. Particularly, the super rogue wave at each order can be achieved simply by setting all internal parameters to be zero, resulting in the amplitude of the sole huge peak of order N being times the background. Finally, rogue wave patterns are discussed when one of the internal parameters is large. Similar to other integrable equations, the patterns are shown to be associated with the root structures of the Yablonskii–Vorob'ev polynomial hierarchy through a linear transformation.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on high‐skilled and low‐skilled labor markets in a DSGE model
Authors: Chu Shiou‐Yen
Published: July 2023

This research analyzes the unequal impact of COVID‐19 on high‐skilled and low‐skilled labor in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. The model is calibrated to fit Taiwan's economy and evaluates the effectiveness of various fiscal measures, including an increase in government spending, an increase in lump‐sum transfers, a disbursement of consumption vouchers, and an income tax cut, for combating the pandemic recession. Our results indicate that low‐skilled households tend to hoard labor more than high‐skilled households during economic downturns. An income tax cut outperforms other fiscal instruments in generating the highest aggregate welfare and in advancing output, employment, and consumption.
Number of trials necessary to achieve a representative performance of accuracy and timing during combat shooting
Authors: Coleman Jemma L. , Huynh Minh , Middleton Kane J.
Published: July 2023

Acquisition evaluations are expensive, have a high time liability, and tend to prioritize engineering requirements over human factors and good experimental design. Shooting serials usually consist of static prone shooting to minimize movement variability, increase reliability of accuracy and timing data or use a single data point to make acquisition decisions. To better understand the number of trials required to achieve representative performance of accuracy and timing, 60 shots from the standing unsupported position while cyclically moving the weapon from the low ready to shoot was utilized. Intra‐class correlations, standard error of measurement, minimal detectable change, and sequential averaging analysis (SAA) were used to evaluate the variables of radial error, shot interval, x‐bias and y‐bias over the 60 shots. The number of trials required to achieve an intraclass correlation of greater than 0.8 ranged from 2 (shot interval) to 58 (y‐bias), whereas SAA varied between 3 (x‐bias) and 43 (shot interval) trials. When averaging 10 shots at a time, the moving intraclass correlation remained above 0.8 for radial error and y‐bias between 7 and 15 shots, shot interval from the second shot, but x‐bias never reached 0.8. The number of trials required to satisfy each reliability method was inconsistent, in line with previous literature. Given the limitations identified in the literature as well as practical considerations such as the preference for prioritizing radial error reasonable performance stability can be achieved after 15 shots, and using the moving intraclass correlation results it is recommended that the first six shots are discarded with the following nine shots used for analysis.
Worth the risk? Fear of being single and willingness to make risky health decisions in sex and dating contexts
Authors: Spielmann Stephanie S. , Nehmeh Sabrina , Cantarella Isabel A.
Published: July 2023

Does fear of being single (FOBS) predict risky health behaviors when such behavior could promote pursuit of a romantic connection? Study 1 tested general tendencies toward taking health risks associated with FOBS. Study 2 tested how those with stronger FOBS navigated romantic versus non‐romantic risk behavior during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Study 3 extended the test of risky behavior beyond the pandemic to test whether FOBS was associated with willingness to engage in risky sexual behavior. Despite nonsignificant associations with taking health risks more generally, FOBS was associated with greater willingness to engage in risky behaviors in dating contexts, particularly when considering their willingness to settle for less in relationships. This research provides novel insight into dating choices associated with stronger FOBS and how willingness to settle predicts risky health behavior when it could appeal to romantic prospects.
Low-cost IoT-Based Smart Notification System for Rural Agriculture
Authors: Diginsa Muhammad Umar , Md Yusof Yusnaidi , Azizan Azizul , Mohd Sam Suriani , Ahmad Noor Azurati , Abas Hafiza , Yuhaniz Siti Sophiayati , Adam Mohamad Zulkefli
Published: July 2023

At present, people in the countryside use a manual agricultural machine for harvesting. This contributes to global warming and agricultural safety problems as manual irrigation increases farmers' time on the farm. The use of manual machinery causes smoke during irrigation, which increases the heating of the earth's surface and thus reduces the green energy effect. So they do not spend a lot of money on buying crude oil when they use the system. On the other hand, there are bandits who come into conflict with farmers and animals that attack farmers in the bush, which makes it difficult for farmers to reach their farms. A simple but effective IoT system, as we have proposed in this study, helps to solve these problems to a large extent. In this study, we use a combination of a Raspberry Pi as the main processor and sensor modules as devices to collect agricultural data for further insights and analysis. Apart from automatic irrigation through the power-saving water pump, the developed systems have taken the initiative to reduce the time farmers have to spend on the farm and provide instant notifications to a mobile device at any time and place.
Reliable Initial Model Selection for Efficient Characterization of Channel Reservoirs in Ensemble Kalman Filter
Authors: Kim Doeon , Lee Youjun , Choe Jonggeun
Published: July 2023

Ensemble Kalman filter is typically utilized to characterize reservoirs with high uncertainty. However, it requires a large number of reservoir models for stable and reliable update of its members, resulting in high simulation time. In this study, we propose a sampling scheme using convolutional autoencoder and principal component analysis for fast and reliable channel reservoir characterization. The proposed method provides good initial models similar to the reference model and gives successful model update for reliable quantification of future performances of channel reservoirs. Despite using fewer than 50 reservoir models, we achieve similar or even superior results compared to using all 400 initial models in this study. We demonstrate that the proposed scheme with ensemble Kalman filter provides faithful assimilation results while saving computation time.
A Reduced Mass-Spring-Mass-Model of Compliant Robots Dedicated to the Evaluation of Impact Forces
Authors: Jeanneau Guillaume , Bégoc Vincent , Briot Sébastien
Published: July 2023

The introduction of intrinsic compliance in the design of robots allows to reduce the risk for humans working in the vicinity of a robotic cell. Indeed, it permits to decouple the dynamic effects of the links’ inertia from those of the rotors’ inertia, thus reducing the maximum impact force in case of a collision. However, robot designers are lacking modeling tools to help simulate numerous collision scenarios, analyze the behavior of a compliant robot, and optimize its design. In this article, we introduce a method to reduce the dynamic model of a multi-link compliant robot to a simple translational mass-spring-mass system. Simulation results show that this reduced model allows to accurately predict the maximal impact force in case of a collision with a constrained human body part. Multiple impact scenarios are conducted on two case studies, a planar serial elastic robot and the R-Min robot, an underactuated parallel planar robot, designed for collaboration.
Application of VVUQ Concepts to ASME Codes and Standards for Pressure Vessels
Authors: Kemper Bart
Published: July 2023

VVUQ techniques were developed to address simulation credibility when a device or manufacturing process is analyzed through computational means. If the device or manufacturing process analyzed fails, the consequences could be potentially hazardous, if not catastrophic, to the health and welfare of the public. VVUQ procedures provide a needed framework to guide the engineer in the design of a device, system, or process along with the supporting calculations so that there is transparency in presenting the simulation results. While major research facilities, medical device developers, and cutting-edge technology companies have led the development of specific VVUQ techniques, these principles are appropriate for simulation-informed decision making regardless of the industry, but the degree of detail is driven by the risk and uncertainty. This paper will present how VVUQ applies to established industries, using the ASME pressure vessel standards as an example. In traditional “by rules” pressure vessel design, uncertainty has been reduced by decades of testing and development. Similarly, explicit use of VVUQ is not typically needed for numerical modeling such as Finite Element Modeling (FEM) in “design by analysis” when applied within the confines of ASME pressure vessel standards because the testing and development to develop those engineering standards reduced the uncertainty. By showing where VVUQ principles have been implicitly applied, the paper will then show why explicit VVUQ requirements and constraints are required for the standard under development, “Design By Analysis for Glassy Polymers,” which does not have the benefit of pre-qualified material data or simplifying assumptions such as thin wall pressure theory. Identifying the implicit VVUQ methods in current pressure vessel standards will help ensure that the simulation and experimentation used for glassy polymers will meet or exceed the reliability established by those standards. These VVUQ methods will also provide guidance for novel applications of pressure vessel technology and other structural applications outside the scope of established engineering codes.
Attaining the Asymptotic Range in Rans Simulations
Authors: Eça L. , Kerkvliet M. , Toxopeus S.L.
Published: July 2023

In engineering simulations involving turbulent fluid flows, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are still the most common mathematical model. The RANS equations require the use of a turbulence model to calculate the Reynolds stresses generated by the averaging of the momentum equations. Nowadays, the most popular turbulence models require the solution of additional transport equations that can range from one to seven equations.

In this paper we illustrate the difficulties in attaining and identifying the so-called asymptotic range in grid refinement studies performed for the numerical solution of the RANS equations in the flow over a flat plate. Three turbulence models are tested: two-equation, eddy-viscosity, k—ω SST and k-kL turbulence models and the seven-equation Reynolds stress model SSG/LRR—ω. The three turbulence models are tested with second and first-order upwind schemes applied to the convective terms of the turbulence models transport equations.

The results show that even in this simple flow, attaining the asymptotic order of grid convergence requires unreasonable levels of grid refinement. Furthermore, even in strictly geometrical similar grids, the observed order of grid refinement can be extremely sensitive to the discretization schemes used in the turbulence model and to any disturbances in the data. An alternative and more efficient way to address the quality of an error estimation based on a single term expansion is to determine the change of the estimate of the exact solution with grid refinement.
Methodology for Validation of Finite Element Analysis Utilizing Strain Gauge Measurements
Authors: Sulwinski Rafal , Johnston Rusty
Published: July 2023

As analysis utilizing Finite Element Method (FEM) has become widely adopted in engineering practices and incorporated into governing standards, physical validation of these analyses is often forgone. Physical validation gives insight into the validity of assumptions and simplifications commonly used to efficiently process FEM simulations. This paper proposes that one reason physical validation is commonly forgone is a lack of knowledge of a general end to end methodology for the physical measurement, processing, and comparison of data. This paper presents such a methodology for the comparison of structural mechanical finite element analysis against strain gauge measurements utilizing the test case of a pressure vessel.

Rectangular, three-axis, 45° strain gauge rosettes have been used to obtain normal strain inputs. The limitations and pitfalls of employing strain gauges with less than three measuring directions are briefly discussed.

A procedure is provided for converting the three measured normal strains into three principal strains, von Mises equivalent strain and maximum shear strain. The principal directions, as well as an algorithm needed to resolve the ambiguity of the angle between the principal directions and gauge axes, are provided as well.

Then, the strains are converted into principal stresses, von Mises equivalent stress and maximum shear stress. The post-processed strain gauge readings are visualized by employing 3D Mohr’s Circle for stress and strain. The visualization provides clear proof that the maximum shear lies on a plane different from the one on which the gauge has been attached.

Using the described methodology, comparison shows that the difference between the FEA results and the post-processed strain gauge readings is less than 5%. The magnitudes of principal stresses and strains, the equivalent stress and strain, as well as the maximum shear stress and strain are compared.

Besides the magnitudes of stresses and strains, the principal directions are compared and scrutinized, revealing the corroboration between the FEA and the physical measurements. This corroboration gives validity to both the methodology and assumptions, such as plane stress, used.
Performance and stability of Al-doped HfGaO thin-film transistors deposited by vapor cooling condensation system
Authors: Lee Hsin-Ying , Zhu Guo-Long , Lee Ching-Ting
Published: July 2023

In this work, to study the features of Al atomic ratio in Al2O3-doped HfGaO (referred as AlHfGaO) channel layers of thin-film transistors, the HfGaO and various AlHfGaO films were deposited at approximately 80 K using a vapor cooling condensation system. The oxygen vacancy defects resided in AlHfGaO films and the defect density in the resulting thin-film transistors decreased with an increase of the Al atomic ratio. As defects reduced, threshold voltage and on/off current ratio increased, while threshold voltage offset and subthreshold swing decreased. In terms of the threshold voltage offset, measured by positive gate bias stress and negative gate bias stress methods, as the stability parameter of thin-film transistors, the stability was improved by using a higher Al atomic ratio in the AlHfGaO channel layers due to the suppression of the charge trapping effect.
Exploring Different Forms of Technology-Enhanced Learning Strategies in a Handball Coach Education Program
Authors: Murray Eoin , Spencer Kirsten , Bennett Blake
Published: July 2023

Effective and accessible coach education is a key part of sustainable sport development. Recent world events and inequitable resource division has led to an increase in the prevalence of remote learning. This study examines three methods of low-cost, simple technological-enhanced learning in handball coach education: Video On Demand, Interactive Video Learning, and Direct Remote Learning. Each intervention was examined under several relevant categories: accessibility, comprehensiveness, effectiveness, and empowerment, and compared against the others. All three methods were found to be applicable methods of remote coach learning with positive outcomes in learning and application. Video On Demand was very accessible and thought by participants to allow learning from varied sources. However, interactive methods (Interactive Video Learning and Direct Remote Learning) were preferred in most cases, as they promoted inter- and intrapersonal relational interactions and contextual informal as well as formal learning.