bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÇOCUKLARDA SOSYAL ÖĞRENME SÜRECİNİN SOSYAL HİZMET PERSPEKTİFİNDEN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: AYITGU METİN Gülçin , ZENGİN Oguzhan , ERKOÇ Beyza
Published: March 2022

İnsanların bilgi edinme ve öğrenme süreçlerinin nasıl oluştuğuna ilişkin araştırmalar oldukça eski tarihlere dayanmaktadır. Davranışçı kuramlar temeline dayanan, fakat davranışçı kuramların insanları mekanik bir varlık gibi ele almasını eleştirerek geliştirilen sosyal öğrenme kuramı, günümüz dünyasında geniş kitlelerce kabul gören, eğitim ve psikoloji alanında sıkça başvurulan bir kuramdır. Sosyal öğrenme kuramı, insanların öğrenme etkinliğinin karşılıklı etkileşime dayandığına ilişkin sistemli bir açıklamayı içerir. Sosyal öğrenme kuramı öğrenme süreçlerinin açıklanabilmesi için bireyin, çevrenin ve davranışların bir arada ele alınması gerektiğini vurgular ve bu yönüyle sosyal hizmetin çevresi içerisinde birey yaklaşımına oldukça benzemektedir. Kuramın birey-çevre etkileşiminin bireyler üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin sağladığı detaylı açıklamalar çevresi içinde birey yaklaşımına yeni bir boyut kazandırmaktadır. Aynı zamanda bireylerin rol model alarak ve gözlem yaparak öğrenebildiğini öne süren sosyal öğrenme kuramı, çocuklara yönelik sosyal hizmet uygulamaları için oldukça işlevseldir. Bu çalışmada öncelikle sosyal öğrenme kuramı hakkında genel bilgilere yer verilmiş, ardından sosyal öğrenme kuramının çocukların öğrenme süreçlerine nasıl yansıdığı sosyal hizmet perspektifi ile açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Türkçe Öğretimi İçin Etkileşimsel Bir Yöntem: Kademeli Sorumluluk Aktarım Modeli
Authors: DEMİR Tarık
Published: March 2022

Türkçe öğretimi, ana dili öğretiminden yabancı dil öğretimine; ikinci dil öğretiminden iki dillilere Türkçe öğretimine kadar çeşitlenerek ve bu çeşitliliği beslerken buradan da zenginleşerek gelişimini sürdüren önemli bir disiplindir. Bu disiplin, ulusal düzenleme ve uygulamaların yanı sıra uluslararası ve disiplinler arası çalışmalardan da istifade etmektedir. Bu disiplinlerin başında eğitim bilimleri, pedagoji gelmekle birlikte okul öncesi, edebiyat öğretimi, psikoloji, sosyoloji gibi birçok alan da yer almaktadır. Temelde psikoloji alanında özelde öğrenme psikolojisi alanındaki çalışmalar, eğitim bilimleri ile ilgili her alanda olduğu kadar dil öğretimi ile ilgili bilim dallarının gelişimini de önemli derecede etkilemiştir. Çalışma kapsamında Fisher ve Nancy’nin 2003 ve 2008 yıllarındaki çalışmaları ile literatüre kazandırılan kademeli sorumluluk aktarım modeli Türkçe öğretimi açısından ele alınmış ve açıklanmıştır. Betimsel tarama modeline dayalı doküman analizinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, söz konusu modelin Türkçenin hem ana dili hem de yabancı/ikinci dil olarak öğretimi için nasıl kullanılabileceğini kuramsal biçimde açıklanmıştır. Modelin uygulaması için etkinlik ve öğretim tasarımları üzerinde çalışılmaktadır.
Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (ADEPT): A Targeting Strategy in Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: Niculescu-Duvaz I. , Springer C. J.
Published: March 2022

Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy (ADEPT) is a new conceptual approach designed to improve the selectivity of anti-cancer drugs. ADEPT separates the cytotoxic from the targeting function of immunoconjugates in a two phase system that has benefits over one phase chemo-, toxin- or radio-immunoconjugates.

This review, while discussing the basic prinicples of ADEPT and the main requirements for all the components (enzymes, prodrugs and antibodies) of the systems, also summarizes the latest results obtained with this technolo­
gy. The main components of ADEPT are described. These include the targeting of cancer cells by the antibody-enzyme conjugates, the enzymatic activation of the prodrugs, the selection of the prodrug/drug (and/or enzyme/prodrug) systems. A special emphasis has been placed on the prodrug/drug systems, the rationale behind their design and the in vitro and in vivo results obtained with the different types of the prodrugs.

The analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the ADEPT system has led to the potential for clinical use of this sytem, which enables higher drug concentrations at the tumor compared to classical chemotherapy.
4-Hydroxypyrones	and	Related	Templates	as	Nonpeptidic	HIV Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Homines K.R. , Chrusciel R.A.
Published: March 2022

One promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of HIV infection is inhibition of the viral protease. Although a number of HIV protease inhibitors have been developed, many of the more potent compounds are peptide-derived structures. Since clinical use of such compounds is often hindered by poor pharmacokinetics and lengthy syntheses, interest in small, nonpeptidic HIV protease inhibitors has been growing. One of the most encouraging recent developments in the search for these structures is the advent of a new class of competitive inhibitors, the
4-hydroxypyrones. Screening efforts by researchers at The Upjohn Company and Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research independently identified the 4-hydroxycoumarins and the 4- hydroxypyrones as lead structures with weak inhibitory activity. Subsequent co-crystallization of these lead compounds with HIV protease showed that the 4-hydroxypyrone ring was functioning as the pharmacophore. These x-ray crystal structures also provided the basis for extensive structure-based drug design work, which led to the discovery of several potent inhibitors in both the 4-hydroxycoumarin and 4-hydroxypyrone classes. In addition, three new classes of derivatives were designed: the tetronic acids, the cycloalkypyranones, and the dihydropyrones. To date, .two compounds from The Upjohn Company have entered the clinic for phase I evaluation, a 4-hydroxypyrone and a cyclooctylpyranone. In preclinical evaluation, these candidates, which are both readily accessible synthetically, demonstrated not only promising antiviral activity, but also good pharmacokinetic profiles in rats and dogs.
The Nucleophilic Addition/Eiectrophilic Ring Closure Route to Bio-Active Heterocycles
Authors: Perlmutter Patrick
Published: March 2022

Many bio-active compounds contain one or more saturated or partially saturated heterocycles. Most of these contain one or more stereo­ centres. As a result any attempts to synthesize these compounds must take full account of the stereochemistry. In this article a new approach to the stereoselective synthesis of heterocycles is reviewed. The emphasis is on oxygen-containing heterocycles. The approach involves a sequence of a
nucleophilic addition reaction followed by an electrophilic ring closure. Examples are given of the
stereoselective synthesis of the heterocyclic subunits of macrolide and polyether antibiotics, y­butyrolactone autoregulators, marine polyether toxins and C-glycosides.
Diversified Applications of Self-assembled Nanocluster Delivery Systems- A State-ofthe-
art Review
Authors: Shende Pravin , Rodrigues Bernice , Govardhane Sharayu
Published: March 2022

Background:

For the nanoparticulate system and the transportation of cellular elements for the fabrication
of microelectronic devices, self-assembled nanoclusters arrange the components into an organized structure.
Nanoclusters reduce transcytosis and increase endocytosis in intestinal mucin to strengthen the retrograde
pathway that helps for delivery of actives to the Golgi apparatus.

Objectives:

This review article focuses on the self-assembled nanoclusters for cellular transportation, applications
of self-assembled structures in the delivery of essential elements like using a peptide in targeted and
stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems, and self-assembly of tocopherol nanoclusters that promote vitamin E
delivery across the endothelial barrier.

Methods:

Current innovation in the self-assembly of peptides includes the formation of nanostructures like vesicles,
fibers, and rod-coil in various applications of wound healing, tissue engineering, atherosclerosis treatment,
sensing heavy metals from biological and environmental samples, and advanced drug delivery.

Results:

Self-assembled biodegradable nanoclusters are used as biomimetic structures for a synergistic effect.
For temperature-triggered drug release nanoclusters, modifications in preparation methods, such as the inclusion
of a copolymer, are made.

Conclusion:

Green synthesis of nanoclusters, nanocluster-based biosensors, and artificial intelligence are future
concepts in the manufacturing and prevention of toxicity in humans.
Overexpression of Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase A4 (RPS6KA4) Predicts a
Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Study Based on
TCGA Samples
Authors: Wang Chen , Lu Yu , Ren Xuechen , Zhou Chengliang , Chen Hao , Fan Yong
Published: March 2022

Aim:

This study aims to comprehensively analyse the Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase A4
(RPS6KA4) and determine the prognostic value for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Background:

Liver cancer is a common type of tumor worldwide, and HCC accounts for about 75
to 85% of all primary liver cancer cases. The Ribosomal S6 protein kinases (RSK) family plays an
important regulatory role in cell growth, movement, survival, and proliferation.

Methods:

We collected the expression and clinicopathological features of RPS6KA4 in The Cancer
Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and evaluated the prognostic value of RPS6KA4 in HCC. Gene Ontology
(GO)/ Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Set Enrichment
Analysis (GSEA) were performed to determine the enrichment pathways of RPS6KA4. Correlation
between RPS6KA4 expression and immune infiltration was analyzed. Protein-protein interaction
(PPI) network analysis was performed to screen hub genes.

Results:

RPS6KA4 overexpression is statistically significant in HCC relative to normal tissues (P <
0.001). Increased expression of RPS6KA4 is associated with higher T stage (p=0.021), pathological
stage (p=0.006), α-fetoprotein (AFP) value (p=0.026), and vascular invasion (p=0.023) of HCC.
Overexpression of RPS6KA4 predicted worse overall survival (OS, P=0.002), disease-specific survival
(DSS, P=0.012), and progress-free interval (PFI, P=0.031) for HCC. Univariate/multivariate
Cox regression analysis confirmed that RPS6KA4 was an independent risk factor for HCC
(P=0.002 in univariate analysis; P=0.014 in multivariate analysis). GO/KEGG analysis and GSEA
analysis suggest that RPS6KA4 plays a precancer role in HCC through epigenetics, cell adhesion,
tumor-driven GTPase pathways, infection-related carcinogenesis, and adaptive immunity. Immune
infiltration analysis confirmed the strong negative relationship between RPS6KA4 and B cells,
CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, as well as dendritic cells. Protein-protein interactions
(PPI) analysis and hub gene identification revealed the cancer-promoting effects of RPS6KA4 related
to RSKs, AP-2, clathrin, and MAPK/ ERK pathways.

Conclusion:

RPS6KA4 is a potentially valuable molecule for understanding HCC tumorigenesis.
Increased RPS6KA4 might be a promising prognostic factor for low HCC survival.
Systematic Analysis of the Expression Profile and Prognostic Significance
of the IGF2BP Family in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhou Zimo , Zhu Tiantong , Chen Senxiang , Qin Sen , Huang Ying , Liu Da
Published: March 2022

Background:

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most common type of lung cancer associated
with poor prognosis, has become a major health problem. IGF2BPs are types of N6-methyladenosine
reader proteins, comprising IGF2BP1, IGF2BP2, and IGF2BP3, that promote LUAD progression. However,
the expression profiles and prognostic value of IGF2BPs in LUAD remain unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to analyze the expression profiles and prognostic significance of the
IGF2BP family in lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods:

In this study, we included tissue data of LUAD patients and normal or para-carcinoma from
the TCGA database and the GTEx project. Using survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and Cox proportional
hazards model, we analyzed the expression profiles and prognostic significance of the IGF2BP
family.

Results:

Patients with high expression levels of IGF2BPs showed a significant association with poor
overall survival (p < 0.05). Moreover, the somatic mutation rates of IGF2BP1, IGF2BP2, and IGF2BP3
were determined as 2.65, 1.59, and 1.76%, respectively, by investigating the genetic mutation. In addition,
there were significant associations between TMB and IGF2BP family expression profiles, which
positively correlated with the expression of PD-1 (p < 0.05). Cox proportional hazard model for LUAD
showed the risk score for IGF2BP1, p-TNM stage, and so forth, all independent prognostic indicators for
LUAD patients. Finally, the co-expression genes were obtained to build a PPI network and analyze the
hub genes of the IGF2BP family.

Conclusion:

Our study provides further insights into the role of the IGF2BP family in LUAD and identifies
10 genes that may be associated with IGF2BPs in LUAD patients.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Isoindoline Derivatives as New Antidepressant Agents
Authors: Sun Ai-Ling , Wang Chao-Chao , Zhou Hao , Lang Yi-Fei , Fu Shu-Yue , Liu Ren-Min , Lei Kang
Published: March 2022

Background:

Isoindoline derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological activities and have attracted considerable attention. However, few studies have been conducted on their antidepressant activity.

Objective:

Here, we designed and synthesized a series of isoindoline derivatives and studied their antidepressant activities.

Method:

Forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of the target compounds. The most active compound was used to evaluate the exploratory activity of the animals by the open-field test. 5-HT concentration was estimated to evaluate if the compound has an effect on the mice brain by using ELISA. The biological activities of the compounds were verified by molecular docking studies. The pharmacokinetic properties of the target compounds were predicted by Discovery Studio (DS) 2020.

Results:

The results of the pharmacological experiments showed that most isoindoline derivatives exhibited significant antidepressant activity. Among these compounds, compound 4j showed the highest antidepressant activity. The results of the measurement of 5-HT levels in the brains of mice indicate that the antidepressant activity of isoindoline derivatives may be mediated by elevated 5-HT levels. Compound 4j was used in molecular docking experiments to simulate the possible interaction of these compounds with the 5-HT1A receptor. The results demonstrated that compound 4j had a significant interaction with amino acids around the active site of the 5-HT1A receptor in the homology model.

Conclusion:

Isoindoline derivatives synthesized in this study have a significant antidepressant activity. These findings can be useful in the design and synthesis of novel antidepressants.
AA, ACR, and ACN Polymer (Synthetic Thickener) Formulation:
Utilisation of Reactive Printing of Cotton
Authors: Madhu Chintan R.
Published: March 2022

Objective:

In this study, a synthetic thickener was synthesized by polymerizing
acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and acrylamide.

Methods:

The characterisation of the thickener was confirmed with Fourier transform infrared
spectral data, rheology, and viscosity. The formulated thickener was utilised to prepare
reactive printing paste in different concentrations, printed on cotton. The same procedure
was undertaken for the study with guar gum and sodium alginate.

Results:

The characteristics of prints such as K/S value, strength, fastness to washing,
dry/wet rubbing, and light were assessed.

Conclusion:

The highest K/S value and excellent fastness properties were found in the
samples printed using formulated polymer.
Condensation Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes with Active Methylene
Compounds: The Beneficial Sinergy of Alkaline Ionic Liquid in One Pot
Synthesis
Authors: Bankar Swapnil R.
Published: March 2022

Background:

In recent times, there has been on-going interest in developing convenient
and environmentally friendly synthetic methods in organic chemistry. The use of ionic liquid catalysts
in organic synthesis is a developing area that allows reactions to be run at low temperatures and
without solvents. Literature overview revealed that room temperature supported ionic liquid catalysis
is a developing field in catalytic science with huge application in organic synthesis. Hence in this
current article, our focus is on the one-pot synthesis of arylidene derivatives with the use of ([bmim]
OH) ionic liquid.

Objectives:

We describe here the use of an ionic liquid catalyst, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide,
[bmim] OH), in the convenient one pot synthesis of arylidene derivatives by the reaction of
the active methylene compound, malononitrile, with pyrazole aromatic aldehydes under microwave
irradiation.

Methods:

The functionalized ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydroxide ([bmim] OH),
catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation reactions of pyrazole aromatic aldehydes with active methylene
compound malononitrile carried out under microwave irradiation. The reaction progress was monitored
by thin layer chromatography and the synthesized compounds were further characterized by
NMR spectroscopy.

Results:

This proposed work demonstrates the utility of the use of the ionic liquid catalyst [bmim]
OH, in the suitable, high yield (80-95%) microwave assisted reactions of pyrazole aromatic aldehydes
with the active methylene compound, malononitrile.

Conclusion:

An eco-friendly synthesis of pyrazole derivatives has been demonstrated using ([bmim]
OH) ionic liquid as a catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation reactions of pyrazole aromatic aldehydes
and malononitrile with microwave irradiation. The advantages of this green method are its
convenience, mild reaction conditions, and high product yields (80-95%).
Using Red Oncom (Neurospora Sitophila spp) and Black Oncom (Rhizopus Oligosporus) in feed formulation on Performance and Intestinal Properties of Broiler
Authors: Adli Danung Nur , Sjofjan Osfar
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this research was to determine the dietary effect of red oncom (Neurospora sitophila spp) and black oncom (Rhizopus oligosporus) on performance and intestinal properties of broiler in different levels. The materials used for this research were 100 unsex broiler (20 days old) with Lohmann strain. Method was used in this experiment was Completely Randomize Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment were as follows, T0: basal diet without additive, T1: basal diet + (0.25% red oncom (Neurospora sitophila spp) and 0.25% black oncom (Rhizopus oligosporus), P2: basal diet + (0.5% red oncom (Neurospora sitophila spp) and 0.5% black oncom (Rhizopus oligosporus), T3: basal diet + (0.5% red oncom (Neurospora sitophila spp) and 0.25% black oncom (Rhizopus oligosporus), and T4: basal diet + (0.75% red oncom (Neurospora sitophila spp) and 0.5% black oncom (Rhizopus oligosporus). The result showed that red oncom (Neurospora sitophila spp) and black oncom (Rhizopus oligosporus) has significantly enhanced (p<0.05) on intestinal properties. It can be concluded that red oncom (Neurospora sitophila spp) and black oncom (Rhizopus oligosporus) in feed gives a positive result on the broiler intestinal properties.
Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Jerami Jagung yang Difermentasi dengan Trichoderma Harzianum
Authors: Anisah Siti Nur , Chuzaemi Siti
Published: March 2022

Riset dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi pengaruh fermentasi jerami jagung dengan Trichoderma harzianum pada inkubasi tertentu terhadap kualitas fisik (aroma, warna, tekstur) dan kualitas kimia (analisis proksimat). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah percobaan laboratorium dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 6 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (jerami jagung tanpa fermentasi), P1 (jerami jagung + 6% Trichoderma harzianum inkubasi 24 jam), P2 (jerami jagung + 6% Trichoderma harzianum inkubasi 48 jam), P3 (jerami jagung + 6% Trichoderma harzianum inkubasi 72 jam), P4 (jerami jagung + 6% Trichoderma harzianum inkubasi 96 jam), P5 (jerami jagung + 6% Trichoderma harzianum inkubasi 120 jam). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan (UJBD). Hasil analisis statistik terhadap nilai kandungan bahan kering, bahan organik, protein kasar dan serat kasar menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01).Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa fermentasi jerami jagung dengan Trichoderma harzianum pada lama inkubasi yang berbeda mempengaruhi kualitas fisik dan meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi.
Peluang Seleksi Pakan Ternak Melalui Keragaman Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Kuantitatif Produksi Hijauan Komak (lablab purpureus)
Authors: Piastuti Diah , Kamaliyah Siti Nurul , Sulistyo Hanief Eko
Published: March 2022

Riset dilakukan menggunakan beberapa model matematika pada tanaman komak (Lablab purpureus) sebagai dasar acuan untk produksi hijauan pakan ternak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode percobaan lapang Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang disusun atas 6 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Aksesi lokal yang digunakan yaitu aksesi lokal Malang, Probolinggo, Tuban, Yogyakarta, Lombok 1 dan Lombok 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keragaman genetik pada jumlah daun, dan berat hijauan segar memiliki Koefisien Keragaman Fenotip (KKP) agak tinggi sampai tinggi. Kriteria KKG dan KKP pada jumlah daun 35,17% dan 37,38%, panjang batang 26,00 dan 27,03 cm/tanaman, berat hijauan segar 30,08% dan 32,54%. Heritabilitas pada karakteristik yang diukur memiliki kriteria tinggi. Peluang seleksi tanaman komak untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul sangat besar dengan didukung keragaman genetik yang luas dan heritabilitas tinggi. Kesimpulan panjang batang memiliki nilai lebih baik serta nilai heritabilitas tinggi. Aksesi lokal Lombok 1 tanaman komak memiliki konsistensi nilai produktivitas yang tinggi pada seluruh karakter sehingga efektif untuk digunakan sebagai materi seleksi produksi hijauan.
Состав и электронная структура скрытых наноразмерных фаз и слоев BaSi-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-, созданных в приповерхностной области Si
Authors: Умирзаков Б.Е. , Нормурадов М.Т. , Нормуродов Д.А. , Бекпулатов И.Р.
Published: March 2022

Впервые методом имплантации ионов Ва+ с энергией E0=20-30 кэВ в приповерхностном слое Si(111) получены наноразмерные фазы и слои BaSi2. В частности, показано, что при дозе D~ 1015 см-2 формируются нанофазы с шириной запрещенной зоны Eg~0.85 эВ, а при D~1017 см-2 нанослой BaSi2 с Eg=0.67 эВ. Состав и структура наноструктуры дисилицида бария были исследованы спектроскопией поглощения света методами электронной оже-спектроскопии, а рентгеновская морфология поверхности изучалась методом растровой электронной микроскопии. Установлены оптимальные режимы ионной имплантации и отжига для получения наноразмерных фаз и слоев BaSi2 в приповерхностной области Si. С использованием метода спектроскопии поглощения света оценены ширина запрещенных зон и степень покрытия слоя нанофазами BaSi2. Показано, что при дозе D≥ 6·1016 см-2 формируется нанослой BaSi2. Ключевые слова: ионная имплантация, наноструктура, нанофаза, отжиг, дисилицид бария, оже-электроны, степень покрытия.
Спектральная зависимость фотопроводимости варизонных структур типа Ge-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Si-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-, полученных диффузионной технологией
Authors: Зикриллаев Н.Ф. , Ковешников С.В. , Исамов С.Б. , Абдурахманов Б.А. , Кушиев Г.А.
Published: March 2022

Путем диффузионного легирования кремния германием была получена варизонная структура типа GexSi1-x. Элементный анализ поверхности образцов показал, что концентрация кремния (в атомных процентах) составляла 64.5%, германия --- 26.9%, кислорода --- 5.9%, других элементов --- 2.7%. На спектральной зависимости фотопроводимости заметный рост фототока начинается при hν=0.75-0.8 эВ, что примерно соответствует ширине запрещенной зоны материала Ge0.27Si0.73. Разработка диффузионной технологии получения варизонных структур GеxSi1-x позволит разработать фотоприемники с расширенной областью спектральной чувствительности. Ключевые слова: варизонная структура, диффузия, фотопроводимость, кремний, германий.
Выращивание, структура и температурная зависимость ширины запрещенной зоны монокристаллов Cu-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-ZnGeS-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=-
Authors: Боднарь И.В. , Ящук В.А. , Павловский В.Н. , Яблонский Г.П.
Published: March 2022

Методом химических газотранспортных реакций выращены монокристаллы соединения Cu2ZnGeS4. Определен их состав и кристаллическая структура. Показано, что выращенные монокристаллы кристаллизуются в тетрагональной структуре. По спектрам пропускания в области края собственного поглощения в интервале температур 10-320 K определена ширина запрещенной зоны указанных монокристаллов. Установлено, что ширина запрещенной зоны с понижением температуры возрастает. Ключевые слова: монокристаллы, кристаллическая структура, спектры пропускания, ширина запрещенной зоны.
تقييم الاداء المالي لعينة من المصارف العاملة في اقليم كوردستان-العراق للمدة (2009 -2019)
Authors: Ahmed Younis Ali , Zahir Wrya Muhammad
Published: March 2022

تعد عملية تقييم الأداء بأنها من الأهداف الرئيسية للمؤسسة، ويمثل الأداء أحد العوامل والمقومات الرئيسة التي تعتمد عليها المؤسسة لقياس النجاح أو الفشل. يشكل التحليل المالي لأرصدة المصارف انعكاساً وبشكل واضح لحقيقة المركز المالي لتلك المصارف، حيث يسهم تحليل النشاط المصرفي المالي في بيان نقاط الضعف في اداء المصارف و بناء نموذج ملائم لتطوير الأداء المصرفي في المصارف عموما والمصارف على وجه التحديد، يسعى البحث إلى تحقيق هدف تقييم الأداء المالي لعينة من المصارف العاملة في إقليم كوردستان- العراق للمدة (2009 – 2019) من خلال الاعتماد على أهم المعايير والمؤشرات الرئيسة في تقييم الأداء المالي ومن أجل تحقيق هدف البحث، فقد تم الإعتماد على المنهج الوصفي - التحليلي المقارن استنادا إلى الاساليب القياسية المتقدمة و التحليل المالي و الاقتصادي اعتماداً على البيانات التي تم الحصول عليها من التقارير السنوية الصادرة عن المصارف (عينة البحث). وقد تبين من البحث والتحليل ومن خلال المؤشرات التي تم استخدامها ان هناك تقلبات كبيرة في البيانات المالية السنوية للمصارف و ان مستوى الاداء لم يكن مستقرا في المصارف بين فترة واخرى وذلك بسبب الاوضاع المالية والسياسية غير المستقرة وكذلك ضعف السياسات المتبعة لبعض المصارف في بعض السنوات اضافة إلى ذلك و من خلال الجانب التطبيقي فان البحث يكشف ايضا أنه حسب مؤشر نسبة هامش صافي الربح (المصرف المتحد للأستثمار  في المرتبة الأولى و مصرف الاستثمار العراقي في المرتبة الثانية و مصرف الأهلي العراقي في المرتبة الثالثة)، بينما تختلف هذه الترتيبات حسب نوع المؤشرات من ذلك يجب على تلك المصارف ضرورة عمل على تحقيق الاستقرار في النشاط المصرفي والأداء المالي خلال رفع القدرة التنافسية من جهة و العمل على رفع مستوى الكفاءات الاستثمارية المباشرة وغير المباشرة.
SEAMHex - Fast 6D Additive Manufacturing using an innovative Screw Extruder applied on a Hexapod Parallel Kinematic
Authors: Ihlenfeldt Steffen , Drossel Welf-Guntram , Kausch Martin , Friedrich Christian , Wiese Torben , Jankowsky Lysander
Published: March 2022

The Screw Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (SEAM) technology provides output rates up to 10 kg/h, a melt pressure up to 350 bar and temperatures up to 400 °C as well as strands with an adjustable bead width between 1-8 mm. Due to a bypass nozzle, position jumps without material extrusion, local wall thickness reduction, and the control of the volume flow (0-100 %) are made possible. Further, the extruder is able to process fiber-reinforced as well as highly filled plastics and integrates a regranulation system to return bypassed material into the process. The hexapod parallel kinematic meets the process requirements, as it generates a rapid movement of the workpiece (up to 1 m/s) in 6 degrees of freedom within a large printing workspace (1100 × 800 x 600 mm3), where an additional Z-axis carries the extruder and realizes the part height. Eccentric joints provide high accuracy and stiffness while being cost-efficient at the same time. The commercial Beckhoff TwinCAT control allows G-code processing and provides an HTML based GUI for machine and extruder control. Consequently, high accuracy is achieved, which is verified by the use of a double-ball-bar measuring device and by producing a test workpiece.
mHealth Interventions for Self-management of Hypertension: Framework and Systematic Review on Engagement, Interactivity, and Tailoring
Authors: Cao Weidan , Milks M Wesley , Liu Xiaofu , Gregory Megan E , Addison Daniel , Zhang Ping , Li Lang
Published: March 2022

Background

Engagement is essential for the effectiveness of digital behavior change interventions. Existing systematic reviews examining hypertension self-management interventions via mobile apps have primarily focused on intervention efficacy and app usability. Engagement in the prevention or management of hypertension is largely unknown.

Objective

This systematic review explores the definition and role of engagement in hypertension-focused mobile health (mHealth) interventions, as well as how determinants of engagement (ie, tailoring and interactivity) have been implemented.

Methods

A systematic review of mobile app interventions for hypertension self-management targeting adults, published from 2013 to 2020, was conducted. A total of 21 studies were included in this systematic review.

Results

The engagement was defined or operationalized as a microlevel concept, operationalized as interaction with the interventions (ie, frequency of engagement, time or duration of engagement with the program, and intensity of engagement). For all 3 studies that tested the relationship, increased engagement was associated with better biomedical outcomes (eg, blood pressure change). Interactivity was limited in digital behavior change interventions, as only 7 studies provided 2-way communication between users and a health care professional, and 9 studies provided 1-way communication in possible critical conditions; that is, when abnormal blood pressure values were recorded, users or health care professionals were notified. The tailoring of interventions varied at different aspects, from the tailoring of intervention content (including goals, patient education, advice and feedback from health professionals, reminders, and motivational messages) to the tailoring of intervention dose and communication mode. Tailoring was carried out in a number of ways, considering patient characteristics such as goals, preferences, disease characteristics (eg, hypertension stage and medication list), disease self-management experience levels, medication adherence rate, and values and beliefs.

Conclusions

Available studies support the importance of engagement in intervention effectiveness as well as the essential roles of patient factors in tailoring, interactivity, and engagement. A patient-centered engagement framework for hypertension self-management using mHealth technology is proposed here, with the intent of facilitating intervention design and disease self-management using mHealth technology.
mHealth Interventions for Self-management of Hypertension: Framework and Systematic Review on Engagement, Interactivity, and Tailoring (Preprint)
Authors: Cao Weidan , Milks M Wesley , Liu Xiaofu , Gregory Megan E , Addison Daniel , Zhang Ping , Li Lang
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Engagement is essential for the effectiveness of digital behavior change interventions. Existing systematic reviews examining hypertension self-management interventions via mobile apps have primarily focused on intervention efficacy and app usability. Engagement in the prevention or management of hypertension is largely unknown.

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review explores the definition and role of engagement in hypertension-focused mobile health (mHealth) interventions, as well as how determinants of engagement (ie, tailoring and interactivity) have been implemented.

METHODS

A systematic review of mobile app interventions for hypertension self-management targeting adults, published from 2013 to 2020, was conducted. A total of 21 studies were included in this systematic review.

RESULTS

The engagement was defined or operationalized as a microlevel concept, operationalized as interaction with the interventions (ie, frequency of engagement, time or duration of engagement with the program, and intensity of engagement). For all 3 studies that tested the relationship, increased engagement was associated with better biomedical outcomes (eg, blood pressure change). Interactivity was limited in digital behavior change interventions, as only 7 studies provided 2-way communication between users and a health care professional, and 9 studies provided 1-way communication in possible critical conditions; that is, when abnormal blood pressure values were recorded, users or health care professionals were notified. The tailoring of interventions varied at different aspects, from the tailoring of intervention content (including goals, patient education, advice and feedback from health professionals, reminders, and motivational messages) to the tailoring of intervention dose and communication mode. Tailoring was carried out in a number of ways, considering patient characteristics such as goals, preferences, disease characteristics (eg, hypertension stage and medication list), disease self-management experience levels, medication adherence rate, and values and beliefs.

CONCLUSIONS

Available studies support the importance of engagement in intervention effectiveness as well as the essential roles of patient factors in tailoring, interactivity, and engagement. A patient-centered engagement framework for hypertension self-management using mHealth technology is proposed here, with the intent of facilitating intervention design and disease self-management using mHealth technology.
The Disease and Economic Burdens of Esophageal Cancer in China from 2013 to 2030: Dynamic Cohort Modeling Study (Preprint)
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Xu Junfang , Gu Yuxuan , Sun Xueshan , Dong Hengjin , Chen Changgui
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of tumor-related deaths worldwide. Estimates of the EC burden are necessary and could offer evidence-based suggestions for local cancer control.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to predict the disease burden of EC in China through the estimation of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and direct medical expenditure by sex from 2013 to 2030.

METHODS

A dynamic cohort Markov model was developed to simulate EC prevalence, DALYs, and direct medical expenditure by sex. Input data were collected from the China Statistical Yearbooks, Statistical Report of China Children’s Development, World Population Prospects 2019, and published papers. The JoinPoint Regression Program was used to calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) of DALY rates, whereas the average annual growth rate (AAGR) was applied to analyze the changing direct medical expenditure trend over time.

RESULTS

From 2013 to 2030, the predicted EC prevalence is projected to increase from 61.0 to 64.5 per 100,000 people, with annual EC cases increasing by 11.5% (from 835,600 to 931,800). The DALYs will increase by 21.3% (from 30,034,000 to 36,444,000), and the years of life lost (YLL) will account for over 90% of the DALYs. The DALY rates per 100,000 people will increase from 219.2 to 252.3; however, there was a difference between sexes, with an increase from 302.9 to 384.3 in males and a decline from 131.2 to 115.9 in females. The AAPC was 0.8% (95% CI 0.8% to 0.9%), 1.4% (95% CI 1.3% to 1.5%), and –0.7% (95% CI –0.8% to –0.7%) for both sexes, males, and females, respectively. The direct medical expenditure will increase by 128.7% (from US $33.4 to US $76.4 billion), with an AAGR of 5.0%. The direct medical expenditure is 2-3 times higher in males than in females.

CONCLUSIONS

EC still causes severe disease and economic burdens. YLL are responsible for the majority of DALYs, which highlights an urgent need to establish a beneficial policy to reduce the EC burden.
Knowledge Domain and Emerging Trends in Internet-based diagnosis and treatment services：A Scientometric Review Based on CiteSpace V Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Sheng Mengfei
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

In the fight against the COVID-19 epidemic, internet-based diagnosis and treatment services are a promising technology that can be used effectively in health care.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to review the research status and to demonstrate the hot spots and frontiers of Internet-based diagnosis and treatment via CiteSpace V.

METHODS

We searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for studies related to Internet-based diagnosis and treatment from 2001 to 2020. CiteSpace V was used to generate network maps of the collaborations between authors, countries, and institutions and reveal hot spots and frontiers of Internet-based diagnosis and treatment. 

RESULTS

A total of 1067 studies related to Internet-based diagnosis and treatment from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) were retrieved. Gerhard Andersson was the most prolific author (16 articles). The USA and Karolinska Inst were the leading countries and institutions in this field, with 590 and 57 publications, respectively. There was active collaboration among the authors, countries, and institutions. Hot topics focused on artificial intelligence, health-related quality, and breast cancer. 

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results of CiteSpace V, the current study suggests active cooperation between authors, countries, and institutions. Major ongoing research trends include the diagnosis and treatment of cancer based on artificial intelligence or Internet focus and the interaction between Internet-based diagnosis and treatment services and health-related quality.
Technology-Supported Guidance Models Stimulating the Development of Critical Thinking in Clinical Practice: Mixed Methods Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Zlamal Jaroslav , Roth Gjevjon Edith , Fossum Mariann , Trygg Solberg Marianne , Steindal Simen A , Strandell-Laine Camilla , Hamilton Larsen Marie , Nes Andréa Aparecida Gonçalves
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND

Nursing education has increasingly focused on critical thinking among nursing students, as critical thinking is a desired outcome of nursing education. Particular attention is given to the potential of technological tools in guiding nursing students to stimulate the development of critical thinking; however, the general landscape, facilitators, and challenges of these guidance models remain unexplored, and no previous mixed methods systematic review on the subject has been identified.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to synthesize existing evidence on technology-supported guidance models used in nursing education to stimulate the development of critical thinking in nursing students in clinical practice.

METHODS

This mixed methods systematic review adopted a convergent, integrated design to facilitate thematic synthesis. This study followed the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis.

RESULTS

We identified 3 analytical themes: learning processes implemented to stimulate critical thinking, organization of the learning process to stimulate critical thinking, and factors influencing the perception of the learning process. We also identified 4 guidance models, all based on facilitator or preceptorship models using tailored instructional or learning strategies and one or several technological tools that were either generic or custom-made for specific outcomes. The main facilitators of these technology-supported guidance models were nurse educators or nurse preceptors, and the main challenges in using technology-supported guidance models were the stress associated with technical difficulties or increased cognitive load.

CONCLUSIONS

Although we were able to identify 4 technology-supported guidance models, our results indicate a research gap regarding the use of these models in nursing education, with the specific aim of stimulating the development of critical thinking. Both nurse preceptors and nurse educators play a crucial role in the development of critical thinking among nursing students, and technology is essential for such development. However, technology-supported guidance models should be supervised to mitigate the associated stress.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/25126
Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Tanaman Kopi Liberika di Kecamatan Sukorejo, Kabupaten Kendal
Authors: Haniefan Nafarain , Basunanda Panjisakti
Published: March 2022

Kopi liberika (Coffea liberica) adalah jenis kopi yang memiliki keunikan pada rasa maupun morfologi tanamannya. Jenis kopi liberika yang terdapat di kebun masyarakat Desa Kalibagor memiliki karakter yang beragam. Hal tersebut menyebabkan produksi yang kurang optimal. Eksplorasi dan identifikasi tanaman perlu dilakukan. Sehingga dapat dipetakan sebaran populasi berdasarkan karakter morfologinya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 40 aksesi tanaman kopi liberika dan 5 aksesi kopi robusta sebagai kontrol yang tersebar pada kebun milik petani. Kopi liberika dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan karakter morfologi panjang daun, lebar daun, luas daun, bentuk daun, bentuk apex, panjang buah, lebar buah, bentuk buah, bentuk diskus, panjang biji, dan lebar biji.  Berdasarkan karakter morfologi 40 aksesi tanaman kopi yang diduga kopi jenis liberika benar berbeda dengan kopi jenis robusta sebagai kontrol. Analisis gerombol (cluster) membagi 45 aksesi tanaman kopi yang diamati menjadi 5 kelompok dengan tingkat kemiripan diatas 65%. Kelima kelompok aksesi kopi yang diamati tersebar secara acak dengan variasi kelompok tertinggi pada kebun milik Bapak Rosyid dan Bapak Mudrik.
Association of Serum Phosphate with Efficacy of Statin Therapy in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Massy Ziad A. , Merkling Thomas , Wagner Sandra , Girerd Nicolas , Essig Marie , Wanner Christoph , Fellstrom Bengt C. , Rossignol Patrick , Zannad Faiez
Published: March 2022

Background and objectives

Statins are less efficacious in reducing cardiovascular disease risk in patients on dialysis than in the general population. Recent experimental data showed that phosphate excess promotes cellular de novo cholesterol synthesis through 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase activation. Whether this mechanism might account for the resistance of patients on dialysis to statins has not yet been explored.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In this post hoc analysis, we examined the efficacy of statin treatment according to serum phosphate levels in the patients on dialysis who were participants of the A Study to Evaluate the Use of Rosuvastatin in Subjects on Regular Hemodialysis: An Assessment of Survival and Cardiovascular Events (AURORA) trial using serum phosphate levels at baseline and during the trial course. We first classified the patients by groups of similar phosphate trajectories over time and tested whether phosphate as a longitudinal exposure (summarized by the identified trajectory groups) modulated the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause death. We replicate the analysis in the Deutsche Diabetes Dialyze Studie (4D) trial.

Results

In the AURORA trial, using multivariable analysis, we found that the treatment effect of statin on major adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause death was significant and protective effects in patients with low values of serum phosphate gradually faded for higher phosphate levels >5 mg/dl. A similar lack of statin treatment efficacy for both outcomes was observed with high baseline phosphate levels (>5 mg/dl). In the 4D trial, we found a comparable but not significant trend toward losing treatment efficacy in the presence of high serum phosphate levels for both outcomes.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrated the limited treatment efficacy of statins in patients on dialysis in the presence of hyperphosphatemia.
La independencia intelectual en la formación de investigadores: actitudes, aptitudes y entornos
Authors: Garduño-Teliz Elvia
Published: March 2022

The performance of our humanity demands attention and solution to the global problems that we have caused. The intellectual independence in the training of researchers is urgent and it crosses the borders of the university context. This work presents a triad of attitudes, skills and environments which every researcher, who prides him or herself on being it, needs to have in order to contribute in a proactive manner to create a better world.
El exilio intelectual de José Vasconcelos y la creación de la Secretaría de Educación Pública. Reflexiones sobre el origen de una política educativa en México
Authors: Carrazco-López Graciela , García-García Javier Rafael , Torres-Barreto Arturo
Published: March 2022

The aim of this review is to discuss the first intellectual exile of José Vasconcelos as a decisive factor in his vision of the “Secretaría de Educación Pública” in Mexico and its link with the educational policy within the framework of the government of General Álvaro Obregón.
Characterisation of subchondral bone repair following transplantation of bioreactor-manufactured autologous osteochondral graft in a sheep model
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital “Sveti Duh”, Sveti Duh 64, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Kostešić P , Vukasović Barišić A , Erjavec I , Pušić M , Hudetz D , Matičić D , Vnuk D , Vučković M , Ivković A
Published: March 2022

To date, no single approach to the treatment of osteochondral defects has resulted in satisfactory long-term outcomes, especially in a young and active human population. Emerging innovative tissue engineering strategies, including the use of composite scaffolds, novel cell sources and bioreactors, have shown promising results. However, these techniques need to be validated in translational animal models before they can be implemented in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to analyse morphological and microarchitectural parameters during subchondral bone repair following transplantation of bioreactor-manufactured autologous osteochondral grafts in a sheep model. Animals were divided into 4 treatment groups: nasal chondrocyte (NC) autologous osteochondral grafts, articular chondrocyte (AC) autologous osteochondral grafts, cell-free scaffolds (CFS) and empty defects (EDs). After 6 weeks, 3 months and 12 months, bone remodelling was assessed by histology and micro-computed tomography (µCT). Although gradual remodelling and subchondral bone repair were seen in all groups across the time points, the best results were observed in the NC group. This was evidenced by the extent of new tissue formation and its best integration into the surrounding tissue in the NC group at all time points. This also suggested that nasal septum chondrocyte-seeded grafts adapted well to the biomechanical conditions of the loaded joint surface.
A New Algorithm for Fully Interval Integer Transportation Problem
Authors: Chandran Shalini , R Sumitha
Published: March 2022

Abstract: In this paper, we propose an optimal diagonal algorithm under a generalized interval arithmetic for solving the problem of complete interval integer transport without converting the crisp equivalent problem .The proposed algorithm is simple to implement and it offers a numerical illustration to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed process. Keywords: Transportation problem, Mathematical formulation using interval integer transportation problem, Numerical, Examples
A Study on Three Step Multifactor Authentication System for Modern Security
Authors: S Goutham , RK Soumyashree , Jaison Prof. Feon , Aadil Dr. Mir
Published: March 2022

Abstract: This survey paper reviews all the major factors in validating three-level passwords such as one-factor authentication using passwords and two-factor authentication is not enough to provide better security to the modern digital age with remarkable advances in the field of information technology. Even when single-factor or two-factor authentication was used to secure remote access and the system, hacking tools, were simple computer programs for collecting private keys, as well as private generators have made it difficult to provide security. Security threats based on malware, such as important installed trackers, are always available to improve security risks. This is necessary the use of a safe and easy-to-use object. As a result, Three Level Security is an easy-to-use software. It also proves the use of different techniques used by different authors. Keywords: Three-level authentication, network, security, remote access, two-factor authentication