bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Label-free imaging flow cytometer for analyzing large cell populations by line-field quantitative phase microscopy with digital refocusing
Authors: Yamada Hidenao , Hirotsu Amane , Yamashita Daisuke , Yasuhiko Osamu , Yamauchi Toyohiko , Kayou Tsukasa , Suzuki Hiroaki , Okazaki Shigetoshi , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Takeuchi Hiroya , Ueda Yukio
Published: March 2020

We propose a line-field quantitative phase-imaging flow cytometer for analyzing large populations of label-free cells. Hydrodynamical focusing brings cells into the focus plane of an optical system while diluting the cell suspension, resulting in decreased throughput rate. To overcome the trade-off between throughput rate and in-focus imaging, our cytometer involves digitally extending the depth-of-focus on loosely hydrodynamically focusing cell suspensions. The cells outside the depth-of-focus range in the 70-µm diameter of the core flow were automatically digitally refocused after image acquisition. We verified that refocusing was successful with our cytometer through statistical analysis of image quality before and after digital refocusing.
Development and clinical trial of a smartphone-based colorimetric detection system for self-monitoring of blood glucose
Authors: Wang Hung-Chih , Chang Fuh-Yu , Tsai Tung-Meng , Chen Chieh-Hsiao , Chen Yen-Yu
Published: March 2020

Blood glucose measurements help to guide insulin therapy, thus reducing disease severities, secondary complications, and related mortalities. Efforts are underway to allow diabetes patients to experience a more convenient way to measure blood glucose and consequently increase their adherence to regular self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). This study demonstrated a new SMBG system that integrated all components of a glucometer via a smartphone’s optical sensing module to detect the colorimetric blood strip and obtains the blood glucose concentration with calculations performed by an application install in the smartphone. To validate the accuracy and applicability of the new SMBG system regarding the ISO15197:2013 accuracy criteria and patient requirements, a clinical trial and usability survey involving participants from different age groups were conducted in collaboration with the China Medical University, where enrolled 120 diabetic patients were asked to operate the new SMBG system to measure their blood glucose concentration, and feedback was obtained from their user experience. The results showed that three different reagent system lots fulfilled the accuracy requirements with values of 97.4–97.5% , and all of the data were within zones A and B of the consensus error grid, which satisfies the ISO 15197:2013 requirement. The usability survey showed that 97.5% of the participants found the operations convenient, and 100% found the design easy for carrying. This new system could lead to improvements in blood glucose monitoring by people with diabetes, and thus, better management of the disease.
Simultaneous multipolarization and high-resolution oxygen A-band spectrometer optical design with the astigmatism-corrected method
Authors: Xia Guo , Cai Xiaobo , Feng Zhiwei , Cheng Lulu , Hu Mingyong
Published: March 2020

Simultaneous multipolarization and high-resolution oxygen A-band spectrometer (SPHABS) is proposed. The astigmatism correction theory is used to separate beams from different fields of view and make it possible to obtain multiple polarization information simultaneously. SPHABS’ design and the basic principle of SPHABS and the astigmatism correction theory are elaborated in detail. The ray-tracing results of the model showed that the resolution reached 0.016 nm and information from four fields of view could be obtained simultaneously on the image surface.
Optical constants at complex energies: local deconvolution
Authors: Larruquert Juan I. , de Marcos Luis V. Rodríguez
Published: March 2020

Causality implies that the optical constants of any material continue in the upper complex plane of photon energies or wavelengths as an analytic function. This is the basis for Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations to obtain ɛ1 from ɛ2, or n from k. However, there have not been attempts to explore this continuation. This research focuses on such continuation and on applications thereof. An interesting property has been found: optical constants progressively smoothen when entering the upper complex plane. The continuation to complex energies is found to result in an average of the optical constants with a Lorentzian weight function. This optical-constant smoothening originated in a shift to the upper complex plane is naturally produced in optical constants that have been obtained by means of an optical instrument with a Lorentzian slit function. This smoothening results in reduced resolution through convolution with the slit function. A procedure that takes advantage of optical constants at complex energies is developed for optical-constant deconvolution. Deconvolution is performed locally, i.e., with no integration, and it consists of shifting the energy of the optical constants by an imaginary amount by means of a Taylor series expansion. The first correction term involves the derivative of the other optical constant. Even though deconvolution of optical constants measured with a Gaussian slit cannot be directly performed with the present method, an approach based on powers of the Lorentz function is also proposed. This procedure could be implemented as an analysis tool of a spectrophotometer or an ellipsometer; this tool would enable one to measure optical constants with a modest resolution and to improve it by post-processing them with the present scheme.
Influence of pump beam truncation on transverse relaxation time of 129Xe in a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Li Jiajia , Xiong Zhiqiang
Published: March 2020

In order to investigate the influence of pump beam truncation on the transverse relaxation time of 129Xe nuclear spins in a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope, we measured the transverse relaxation rate as a function of pump laser power and vapor cell temperature for two ovens with different optical access sizes. The experimental results conform qualitatively to a theoretical model based on magnetic field gradient induced by polarization gradient of Rb atoms. It is found that the non-uniform power distribution in the beam cross-section led to remarkable relaxation, especially for the 129Xe nuclear spins in a large-size vapor cell. To reduce the polarization gradient, the spatial distribution of the pump laser power in the cell should be as homogenous as possible. These results are of significance to the design of a high precision nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope.
Performance and the partial
Authors: Blades Hetty
Published: March 2020

In this article, I reflect on my experience of two performance works: Still Life (2018) by Hamish Macpherson and by Emilie Gallier, both of which cultivate partial experiences for the spectator. I consider how the partial nature of these works raise questions about what it means to access a choreographic work and rely on new ways of thinking about how we experience and analyse performance.
Italian LGBTQ representation in transnational television
Authors: Heim Julia
Published: March 2020

This article analyses the narrative depictions of LGBTQ minorities in contemporary Italian transnational television. To understand the sociocultural repercussions of these representations I first contextualize them by exploring current cultural theories behind trends in production and acquisition practices. I argue that by conforming to 'universalized' format and audience standards individual nations achieve transnational visibility. In turn, this universalization contributes to the transnational validation of the narrative discourses within these television programmes. As such, the depictions of LGBTQ characters on the shows Suburra, Gomorrah, Baby and SKAM Italia legitimize a certain level of sexual and gender variance while simultaneously endorsing acts of discrimination against those within these minority categories.
‘Punks in Vegas’: Punk rock and image repair
Authors: Kristiansen Lars J.
Published: March 2020

At their 2018 headlining appearance at the annual Punk Rock Bowling and Music Festival in downtown Las Vegas, NV, California skate punk stalwarts NOFX generated widespread controversy after band members quipped about the mass shooting that occurred eight months prior during the Route 91 Harvest Country Music Festival in neighbouring Paradise, NV. After days of censorious media coverage, which prompted Stone Brewing to summarily terminate the band’s sponsorship contract in a widely circulated news release, the band issued a statement in which members collectively expressed remorse and apologized for the offending comments. Four decades of punk history notwithstanding, NOFX’s decision to apologize and offer mea culpas is something of a unicum. Punks, after all, are not typically in the business of extending olive branches or tendering requests for forgiveness. Accordingly, punk apologia is an understudied and undertheorized area of research. Utilizing Benoit’s Theory of Image Repair, this article adds to the limited stock of available research by critically evaluating the apologetic discourse following NOFX’s comments in Las Vegas through a systematic examination of the band’s letter of apology as well as audiences’ responses to that statement.
Novos Media, Nova Deontologia
Authors: Mateus Samuel
Published: March 2020

Há medida que os Novos Media trazem novos desafios - bem como novos riscos - para a função e identidade do jornalismo, há uma crescente pressão para adotar - e adaptar -mecanismos de auto-regulação, como por exemplo, códigos deontológicos, a fim de melhor fixar os limites éticos do jornalismo digital.

Este artigo destaca os princípios dos Novos Media (como hipermédia, hiperlinks, interatividade, glocalidade, personalização e instantaneidade) que, tomados em conjunto, colocam constrangimentos éticos de ordem jurídica, corporativa, profissional e individual. Estas limitações sugerem que uma nova deontologia é necessária para que os jornalistas possuam diretrizes específicas que direcionem a sua prática online.

Sugere-se que o primeiro, passo crucial, para esta revisão ética generalizada sobre o jornalismo digital pode ser feito através de códigos deontológicos supra-nacionais.
O rigor como eixo central da atividade jornalística
Authors: Martins Paulo
Published: March 2020

Este artigo discute a questão do rigor em jornalismo, considerado nas suas dimensões técnica e ética, na perspetiva de o reabilitar enquanto eixo central da prática profissional. Para o efeito, introduz um conjunto de questões, a partir da conceptualização daquele princípio em instrumentos deontológicos. A saber: a verdade jornalística e os instrumentos necessários para a alcançar; o cruzamento de fontes, exercício que não deve esgotar-se no chamado contraditório; a liberdade de expressão e os discursos de ódio; os diversos tipos de fake news; os efeitos perniciosos do clickbait e um fenómeno que o autor designa de fast food noticioso, prejudicial ao efetivo cumprimento da missão do jornalismo em sociedades democráticas.
The Roles of Tuan Guru Haji (TGH) Abd Rahman Al-Fathani in the Development of Islamic Education in Patani Southern Thailand
Authors: Lessy Zulkipli , Chemo Supean
Published: March 2020

Rigorous research has reported reformist figures from Islamic education in Patani Thailand, such as Tuan Guru Haji (TGH) Abd Rahman al-Fathani. This paper discusses the role of TGH Abd Rahman al-Fathani in the development of Islamic education in Ma'had Tsaqafah Islamiyah Pombing Patani Southern Thailand. This study uses field studies with in-depth interviews, observation, and a literature search. The results showed a critical point that the development of Islamic education in Muassasah Ma'had Tsaqafah al-Islamiyah since its inception until now is inseparable from the work and thought innovations of Muassasah leaders with the help of elements in Muassasah's organizational structure. This illustrates the role of TGH Abd Rahman al-Fathani in the development of Islamic education by modernizing Islamic boarding schools, spreading literacy in Islamic education, conceptualizing institutional curricula, and sparking effective learning methods. Supporting factors include togetherness in managing the curriculum and teaching and learning process, adequate facilities and infrastructure, and experienced teachers. Inhibiting factors include different abilities and psychological abilities of students, low community participation, and poor management of funds.
O ensino vocacional secundário: Contexto político e práticas escolares de uma oferta de ensino descontinuada
Authors: Pinto António , Silva Fernando Rodrigues , Delgado Paulo , Diogo Fernando
Published: March 2020

Os cursos vocacionais do ensino secundário do sistema de ensino português (portaria n.º 276/2013, 23 de agosto) baseados no sistema de formação dual alemão, tiveram descontinuidade a partir do ano letivo de 2016-2017 (Decreto-Lei n.º 17/2016 de 4 de abril). Esta investigação teve por objetivo analisar este tipo de ensino e questionar se terá cumprido as finalidades estabelecidas para a sua criação, por via dos níveis de sucesso e satisfação por parte dos professores e alunos. A sua natureza exploratória, desenvolveu-se em duas escolas do grande Porto com cursos vocacionais de nível secundário, recorreu a uma metodologia mista por aplicação de um inquérito por questionário aos alunos e entrevistas semi-diretivas aos diretores de curso e de turma. Os resultados permitem concluir que os alunos têm uma perceção positiva pela natureza prática das aulas e por permitirem ingressar no mercado de trabalho. Os diretores de curso e os alunos salientaram que o abandono escolar registado se relaciona com o nível elevado dos conteúdos teóricos. Não obstante, verifica-se que as taxas de sucesso alcançadas, são significativas, cumprindo assim um dos seus principais objetivos.
Reformas educativas y profesorado de secundaria: El peso de la tradición docente
Authors: Muñiz María Verdeja
Published: March 2020

A pesar de los cambios propuestos por diferentes reformas educativas que han tenido lugar en el ámbito español durante los últimos 40 años, cabe preguntarse en qué medida la etapa de educación secundaria guarda, todavía, más relación con sus orígenes –Plan Pidal, 1857– que con los derivados de las sucesivas reformas. Realizamos un recorrido histórico por leyes orgánicas de educación de ámbito español poniendo nuestra mirada en la etapa de educación secundaria obligatoria y centrando nuestra reflexión en aspectos tan importantes como el peso de la tradición docente. Algunos principios pedagógicos que inspiraban las reformas educativas que han tenido lugar en nuestro país, planteaban en un modelo de enseñanza más comprensiva y no tan academicista. Se pretendía que dicha etapa educativa, que actualmente es de carácter obligatorio, fuese una etapa a la que toda la población pudiese acceder, pero, además, también pudiese superar con éxito. Sin embargo, este modelo de enseñanza comprensiva promulgado por las sucesivas reformas es un modelo educativo que todavía no ha calado, con suficiente profundidad, en la cultura de un profesorado de secundaria que ha sido formado en una tradición docente muy diferente y en el que todavía, hoy en día, podemos percibir el peso de la tradición.
The cicada announces the fire of the Brazilian public school: Analysis of the era of privatizing guidelines
Authors: De Paula Alisson Slider do Nascimento , Costa Frederico Jorge Ferreira , Lima Kátia Regina Rodrigues
Published: March 2020

This text seeks to analyze the privatization guidelines both globally and at the local level and their deployment in public basic education in Brazil. For that, a bibliographic and documentary study was used, using only public domain. It is possible to diagnose the double movement of endo and exoprivatization carried out in the educational panorama of Brazil, especially through the insertion of large business groups, as well as the reforms undertaken to put into operation the privatization agenda of public basic education. It is observed that the insertion of the private sector into the spaces of human formation reverberate metamorphoses, including that of the social function of the school institution, since it incorporates a link with the business and financial logic and, consequently, will facilitate a loss of the public sense of education as a social right.
Cuasi-monopolio: Un modelo teórico para comprender la relación estatal-privado en los sistemas educativos
Authors: Narodowski Mariano , Morgan Juan Carlos
Published: March 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es efectuar una exposición detallada del modelo teórico del cuasi-monopolio de los sistemas educativos por medio del cual, más que entender a la educación privada en contraposición a la pública, a partir de la evidencia reunida es posible construir  un modelo de equilibrio que tiende a a) maximizar el gasto privado como vía para el aumento general de las tasas de escolarización, b) generar un sector privado de “salida” en situación de trade off respecto del sector estatal tradicional en lo que respecta a las decisiones sobre la organización de los centros, la utilización de los recursos, el currículum, etc. y c) reproducir tanto el stock como el flujo de recursos estatales al sector estatal tradicional, independientemente de sus necesidades, de los problemas de inequidad y de los casos de inefectividad en su asignación. La exposición presenta los ejes conceptuales para el análisis y los ejemplifica con datos surgidos de investigaciones previas. Adicionalmente, se propone un modelo matemático para axiomatizar los componentes del cuasi-monopolio del sistema educativo. Finalmente, el artículo abre diferentes perspectivas de análisis para el uso del modelo teórico de cuasi-monopolio del sistema educativo para diferentes casos nacionales y sub-nacionales.
Saldos de la reforma educativa en México, nuevas regulaciones de la gestión y el trabajo docente en educación básica
Authors: Gutiérrez Lozano Arturo
Published: March 2020

En 2013, se implementó una política gubernamental de Reforma Educativa en la educación básica mexicana con el objetivo de darle a los niños y jóvenes maestros más preparados, escuelas bien construidas y equipadas, y además la posibilidad de seguir estudiando más y mejor. Al cierre del gobierno que puso en marcha la Reforma, es pertinente hacer una revisión de los saldos que deja la implementación de esta política en la gestión y el desarrollo del trabajo docente en los maestros de educación básica pública. Las formulaciones políticas de innovación y cambio en la educación y el trabajo de los docentes en México, descritas en esta reforma, se inscriben en la lógica internacional que ha ido generando una nueva definición de las relaciones entre la escuela y la sociedad. Estas políticas no sólo implican la existencia de nuevos marcos legales y lineamientos de actuación, sino que instituyen un programa político e ideológico que ha establecido una nueva orientación, objetivos y voluntad en la sociedad. Las nuevas regulaciones de la gestión y práctica de la docencia pública vinculan la política, cultura, economía y el Estado, a través de pautas que cubren los ámbitos de la cotidianidad educativa y el accionar de los sujetos inmersos en este ámbito desde la gestión y organización administrativa, académica y de contenidos, hasta la reconfiguración del sentido de la docencia desde una visión enfocada en la eficacia y eficiencia racionalista. En el presente artículo se presentan de manera exploratoria, los saldos en materia laboral y de sentido de la docencia pública, a partir de la implementación de la Reforma Educativa.
Charter schools: A U.S. case study and implications for Brazil
Authors: Louzano Paula , Simielli Lara
Published: March 2020

This article analyzes the case of school choice in the United States and its implications for the Brazilian context. This discussion is important to Brazil, given the fact that key actors are starting to advocate in favor of introducing charter schools and vouchers in the country. Evidence from countries that introduced this model can help shed some light on this debate. In this article, we will analyze the overall performance of school choice in the United States, especially charter schools, focusing on its implications on educational equity. The Brazilian educational system is highly unequal. Thus, if charter schools are not helping to enhance the overall quality and equity in the United States, it may not be a policy to be pursued in Brazil. In this scenario, focusing on the idea that school choice is the answer may divert the attention from systemic policies that can contribute to improve education such as high-quality early childhood education, increased education funding, after-school programs, and teacher professional development.
La escuela secundaria frente al desafío de la universalización: Debates y experiencias en Argentina
Authors: Southwell Myriam
Published: March 2020

Argentina estableció en el año 2006 la obligatoriedad de la escolaridad secundaria, acoplándose a la tendencia de la región. Durante ese proceso se desarrolló un significativo debate acerca si la escuela es universalizable con las características que presenta actualmente, producto de un largo proceso histórico que ha consolidado una matriz de funcionamiento. ¿Presenta la escuela las características que la hagan factible de abarcar exitosamente a todas las clases sociales, a todas las culturas y trayectorias escolares? Este debate supuso revisar el discurso de la inclusión de un país que había impulsado un sistema escolar igualitario desde su origen, construyendo una equivalencia entre igualdad, inclusión y homogeneidad. La perdurabilidad de ese discurso y cómo el formato escolar consagrado – en la cotidianeidad escolar y en la imagen social – son un obstáculo en sí mismo para la universalización de la escolarización. Esa impronta fue muy productiva en ese sistema, aún cuando no estuvo exenta de las marcas de estratificación y sesgo de clase que la cultura escolar ha asumido en los distintos países.  Este artículo reseña algunos ejes de este debate producido en la última década en Argentina; para ello pondrá a disposición la presentación de dos nuevas modalidades de escuela que – una como iniciativa de políticas educativas específicas y otra como resultado de procesos comunitarios autónomos – han desarrollado formatos institucionales novedosos para buscar hacer posible la escolarización de poblaciones escolares diversas.
O ‘encanto’ dos modelos exitosos de escolarização: Quando aceitamos a qualidade para poucos
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira , Dametto Jarbas
Published: March 2020

Considerando, no Brasil, o número de pesquisas acadêmicas na área da educação que se pautam pelo reconhecimento, descrição e problematização de experiências exitosas – porém isoladas – de escolarização básica pública, o texto objetiva discutir circunstancialmente parte da produção científica nacional, demonstrando o tratamento que tal produção dedica às experiências de escolarização pública diferenciadas e exitosas. O ‘corpus’ de análise baseou-se em 73 trabalhos publicados na ANPED Nacional entre os anos de 2008 a 2017, partindo das seguintes categorias: espaços de desenvolvimento e extensão da experiência; descrição de contexto; abordagem pedagógica; comparações e avaliações, e fatores de êxito. Os elementos empíricos da pesquisa permitiram as seguintes considerações: a) presença de tom salvacionista em parte das experiências descritas; b) ausência de narrativas sobre os contextos da experiência; c) pouca reflexão acerca de escolas em igual situação jurídica; d) ausência de ineditismo das experiências que são ou a aplicação de dispositivos já existentes na legislação, ou a réplica de modelos e metodologias que funcionam em países europeus e, e) romantização e modismos pedagógicos. Como conclusão, evidencia-se a pertinência dos textos acadêmicos examinados, mas reforça-se questionamentos sobre a legitimidade das experiências estudadas, sobretudo no debate da qualidade para a escolarização de massas.
Políticas para la gestión de la educación pública obligatoria en Uruguay
Authors: Aristimuño Adriana , Landoni-Couture Pablo , Vázquez María Inés
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar la gestión de las políticas educativas públicas de Uruguay, tomando como marco temporal de referencia, dos hitos identificados como relevantes: (i) el período 1995-2004 que denominaremos “Reforma Rama” y (ii) el período 2005-2018, que llamaremos “Administración FA”. Para abordar y analizar ambos períodos hemos utilizado el modelo de Subirats et al (2012), el cual define una serie de momentos en los ciclos de las políticas públicas - que en este caso - asociaremos a las educativas.  Desde esta perspectiva, las políticas públicas son consideradas un “flujo continuo de decisiones y procedimientos a los que se trata de darle sentido” (Subirats et al., 2012, p. 33). Esta perspectiva permite establecer algunos parámetros comunes desde los cuales analizar dos momentos históricos diferentes. Identificar los temas jerarquizados como “relevantes” o “problemáticos” que requieren solución; situar el lugar que estos temas tomaron en la agenda pública nacional; analizar la formulación y gestión de programas que surgieron, e identificar las propuestas de evaluación que fueron definidas e implementadas para realizar su seguimiento y evaluar su impacto. El modelo de análisis utilizado ha permitido abordar temas sustanciales de la agenda educativa dentro de la franja obligatoria.  Todos los componentes innovadores analizados requirieron para su puesta en marcha del diseño de las políticas públicas, la revisión de las normativas vigentes y el fortalecimiento de la gestión para su implementación. El estudio ha permitido identificar los procesos de articulación o disrupción que se generaron entre ambos ciclos, como forma de analizar las capacidades locales para producir sinergias entre los diferentes procesos innovadores puestos en marcha durante las últimas décadas.
Alianza estado-sociedad C=civil: Debates y desafíos en la co-gestión de políticas de inclusión educativa en Uruguay y Argentina
Authors: Peregalli Andres
Published: March 2020

En Iberoamérica se implementan políticas públicas sustentadas en la alianza Estado- Sociedad Civil para garantizar el derecho a la educación en sectores vulnerabilizados. Uruguay y Argentina desarrollan “programas puente” y “planes de terminalidad” para que adolescentes, jóvenes y adultos ingresen o re-ingresen a Educación Media o finalicen Secundaria. Se compara la alianza Estado-Sociedad Civil en la co-gestión del Programa Aulas Comunitarias (PAC, Uruguay, 2007) y el Plan de Finalización de Estudios Secundarios para Jóvenes y Adultos (FinEs 2, Argentina, 2008) comprendiendo sus contribuciones y limitaciones a los procesos de inclusión educativa. Se analiza su génesis, diseño político-institucional/modos de organización y formas de co-gestión desde: a) enfoque político-institucional en el análisis de las políticas públicas, b) neoinstitucionalismo: sociopolítico y organizacional e histórico, c) co-gestión, d) gestión educativa (paradigmas: administración y estratégico). Se utiliza metodología cualitativa, siendo la unidad de análisis la co-gestión, hasta diciembre de 2015. Los hallazgos evidencian que PAC y FinEs 2 garantizan el derecho a la educación sustentados en la adhesión de diversos actores y sectores a sus objetivos. La calidad de la contribución de las alianzas difiere según el diseño político-institucional, modo de organización y formas de co-gestión: PAC evidencia una co-gestión estratégica y FinEs 2 una de tipo administración.
Políticas para a gestão da educação pública obrigatória na Ibero América: Apresentação
Authors: De Souza Ângelo Ricardo , Donoso Diaz Sebastián , Gairin Sallán Joaquín
Published: March 2020

Este artigo apresenta o dossiê Políticas para a Gestão da Educação Pública Obrigatória na Ibero América, que tematiza elementos da gestão da escola pública obrigatória na macrorregião como as reformas educacionais, a formação de professores e gestores, a inclusão, as políticas de universalização, as experiências e modelos inovadoras e a relação público-privado na educação. O texto que apresenta o dossiê evidencia que as leituras amostradas no conjunto tratam de temas, teorias e experiências, que coadunam com a ideia de que a educação é um direito universal da pessoa humana, extensivo o mais amplamente possível, obrigatório e gratuito a todos e todas durante dado período da vida, de responsabilidade do Estado, laico e de qualidade para todos.
Treatment of congenital spinal deformities in children: yesterday, today, tomorrow
Authors: Ryabykh S. O. , Ulrikh E. V. , Mushkin A. Yu. , Gubin A. V.
Published: March 2020

The paper presents an unsystematized review of technologies, techniques and options for surgical treatment of congenital spinal deformities in children over the past 40 years. The main trends in the surgery of spinal deformities are highlighted: evolution of methods of visual diagnostic, treatment planning, and surgeon action control, introduction of adapted functional status scales and questionnaires for quality of life, hybridization of surgical techniques, evolution of spinal implants and instruments, and progress of anesthetic management. At the same time, new clinical and scientific problems are also discussed in the paper: questions of unifying terminology, planning the volume of treatment, the difficulty of comparing treatment methods and technologies, education, and integration.
Magnetically controlled growing rods in early onset scoliosis surgery: a review of Englishlanguage literature
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy M. V. , Alshevskaya A. A.
Published: March 2020

The objective of the review is to provide multifaceted information on the treatment of young children with severe onset scoliosis using magnetically-controlled growing rods (MCGR). This promising though controversial method is not yet well known in our country. The review presents the history of the development of the method, surgical technique, the frequency of etiological forms of spinal deformities, and describes in detail the results of scoliosis correction including the most severe cases. Quantitative and qualitative data describe complications that arise during the treatment including those characteristic only for this method (for example, slippage phenomena). The problem of repeated operations is separately discussed, and the capabilities of MCGR and other techniques based on the principle of distraction are compared. The review presents features of the use of MCGR in adult patients, the dynamics of the primary curve in the postoperative period (does the Sankar’s law work?), the possibilities of ultrasound when monitoring the effectiveness of magnetic rods, the use of MRI simultaneously with MCGR, and the comparative cost of the method. Particular attention is paid to the problem of a uniform protocol of staged extension of rods. It seems that the initial enthusiasm has somewhat decreased. It is commonly agreed that new research is needed.
File Carving Survey on Techniques, Tools and Areas of Use
Authors: Alrobieh Ziad  Saif , Raqpan Ali Mohammed Abdullah Ali
Published: March 2020

In digital and computer forensics, file carving is a very hot research topic. That is the main reason why the research is needed to be focused on improving file carving techniques, so that digital investigation can obtain important data and evidence from damaged or corrupted storage media. In the digital forensic investigation, analyzing the unallocated space of storage media is necessary to extract the deleted or pre-written files when the file system metadata is missing or corrupted. Data carving can be defined as a method to recover the file from unallocated space based on different factors such as file type, information of the file (Header/Footer), or the contents of the file. Research in this area focuses on technological improvements in terms of tools and techniques over the past years. The studies examine different techniques of data carving, especially multimedia files (eg. images and videos). The work file carving is classified into three categories classic carving techniques, intelligent carving techniques and smart carving techniques. Moreover, there are seven popular multimedia carving tools that are mostly used and experimentally evaluated are presented. We conclude that proposing new advanced method for carving multimedia files still open and new direction for future research. This is because the fragmentations and compression are very commons used and useful for these kind of files.
GRYMAS DEDALA. ANDRZEJA KIJOWSKIEGO KONFRONTACJE Z PARYŻEM
Authors: Kopczyk Michał
Published: March 2020

Michał Kopczyk, GRYMAS DEDALA. ANDRZEJA KIJOWSKIEGO KONFRONTACJE Z PARYŻEM. „PORÓWNANIA” 1 (24), 2019. T. XXIV, S. 147-162. ISSN 1733-165X. Artykuł jest propozycją lektury dzieł Andrzeja Kijowskiego, będących zapisem pobytu pisarza w stolicy Francji – eseju Sezon w Paryżu oraz fragmentów dziennika. Autor artykułu skupia się szczególnie na intelektualnym aspekcie tych doświadczeń, rekonstruuje polityczne diagnozy autora-bohatera, analizuje jego postrzeganie relacji pomiędzy rodzimą kulturą a kulturą zachodnioeuropejską, w szczególności francuską. Intelektualny ferment, w jakim zobaczył Francję pochłoniętą „wojną algierską”, Kijowski odczytuje nie tylko jako doniosły fakt o znaczeniu politycznym, ale i jako okazję do przyjrzenia się aktualnej kondycji kultury współczesnego mu Zachodu, wreszcie i kondycji (moralnej, intelektualnej) jego mieszkańców. Sezon w Paryżu – inaczej niż dziennik – staje się ostatecznie pochwałą kultury jako zjawiska na swój sposób „niesterylnego”, niepoddającego się racjonalizacji. Najbliższa owej wizji okazuje się w ocenie pisarza kultura francuska. Autor artykułu wskazuje na podobieństwa niektórych wniosków pisarza do diagnoz formułowanych dziś ramach badań postkolonialnych nad Europą Środkową i Wschodnią.
JERZY GROTOWSKI’S ACTOR TRAINING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE TAIWANESE SEARCHING THEATRE. THE CASE OF LIU JINGMIN’S EARLY EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Łabędzka Izabella
Published: March 2020

Izabella Łabędzka, JERZY GROTOWSKI’S ACTOR TRAINING AND ITS IMPACT ON THE TAIWANESE SEARCHING THEATRE. THE CASE OF LIU JINGMIN’S EARLY EXPERIMENTS. “PORÓWNANIA” 1 (24), 2019. Vol. XXIV, P. 175-194. ISSN 1733-165X. The paper is a result of several years’ research conducted in Taiwan. It presents the early years of one of the most interesting theatre groups from Taipei, You Juchang/U-Theatre/Youren Shengu, which was established in 1988 by Liu Jingmin (Liu Ruoyu). Liu Jingmin was much inspired by Jerzy Grotowski’s idea of actor’s training presented by him in Irvine (California) in the mid-eighties. The article shows how Liu Jingmin started from imitating Grotowski’s physical exercises and later she focused on understanding her native culture. She rethought many Chinese and Taiwanese forms of theatre, meditation and breathing techniques, music and dance traditions, culture of masks andreligious rituals. The aim of this paper is to describe how Liu Jingmin for more than three decades had been working on a comprehensive development of the actor through perfecting his technical skills along with their spirit. Her goal was the internal/spiritual and external/physical transformation of a performer and finally creating a beautiful person.
ANATOMIA POSTTOTALITARYZMU
Authors: Michał Kwiecień Michał Kwiecień
Published: March 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest krytyczna analiza głównych tez książki Aviezera Tuckera The Legacies of Totalitarianism. A Theoretical Framework. Poglądy Tuckera na transformację ustrojową w Europie Środkowej i Wschodniej autor konfrontuje ze stanowiskami Janine J. Wedel, Andrzeja Zybertowicza i Krzysztofa Brzechczyna.
DLACZEGO DZIEDZICTWA MAJĄ ZNACZENIE: ODPOWIEDŹ NA ODCZYTANIA LEGACIES
Authors: Tucker Aviezer
Published: March 2020

Jeżeli dziedzictwa totalitaryzmu mają znaczenie dla zrozumienia współczesności, pojawienie się populizmu w skali globalnej w posttotalitarnych, postautorytarnych i postliberalnych społeczeństwach po 2010 roku jest zastanawiające. Aby wyjaśnić to zjawisko trzeba odwołać się do pewnej wersji ekonomicznego determinizmu niż do historycznej ścieżki zależności. Argumentuję, że pewnym wspólnym mianownikiem populizmu jest zablokowanie społecznej mobilności. Elity bronią się przed utratą swojej pozycji poprzez zablokowanie ścieżek awansu klas niższych. Sposób zablokowania społecznej mobilności zależny jest od lokalnego kontekstu społecznego i politycznego. Rok 1989 przyniósł polityczną, lecz nie społeczną rewolucję. Elity społeczne późnego komunizmu przekształciły polityczny kapitał w gospodarczy, co uniemożliwiło wprowadzenie rządów prawa. W warunkach rozwoju gospodarczego efekty posttotalitaryzmu pozostawały w uśpieniu, recesja ożywiła je na nowo.
Convergence of dynamic programming principles for the p-Laplacian
Authors: del Teso Félix , Manfredi Juan J. , Parviainen Mikko
Published: March 2020

We provide a unified strategy to show that solutions of dynamic programming principles associated to the p-Laplacian converge to the solution of the corresponding Dirichlet problem. Our approach includes all previously known cases for continuous and discrete dynamic programming principles, provides new results, and gives a convergence proof free of probability arguments.
Natural Constraints to Cultural Relativism Example: Ricci’s Pacific-Centered World Maps
Authors: Holenstein Elmar
Published: March 2020

Not everything that is logically possible and technically feasible is also natural, for example, placing China in the exact center of a world map. Such a map would not correspond to the laws of perception.

Matteo Ricci, who was the first to create Chinese world maps on which the Americas were depicted, had to choose between two ideals, between a world map that obeys the gestalt principles of perception and a world map with the “Central State” China in its center. The first ideal mattered more to him than the second, although he took the latter into account as well. The result was a Pacific-centered map.

Since we live on a sphere, what we perceive to be in the East and in the West depends on our location. It is therefore natural that in East Asia, world maps show America in the East and not – as in Europe – in the West. This was the argument underlying Ricci’s creation of Pacific-centered maps, and not the intention of depicting China as close to the center of the map as possible.

It is only in East Asia that Ricci was the first to create Pacific-centered maps. World maps with the Pacific in the midfield were made in Europe before Ricci, motivated by the traditional unidirectional numbering of the meridians (0°–360°) from West to East starting with the Atlantic Insulae Fortunatae (Canary Islands).
It Is Only Gazouz: Muslims and Champagne in the Colonial Maghreb
Authors: Studer Nina S.
Published: March 2020

French authors in the nineteenth century assumed that before the colonial conquest of the Maghreb, all Muslims in the region had abstained from alcohol. As a consequence, they were both surprised at and fascinated by the alcohol consumption of the colonised Muslims in the Maghreb, which they interpreted as an irreversible break with Islam (i.e. turning drinkers into apostates) and a necessary consequence of the spread of French colonialism. Some French authors even tentatively interpreted alcohol-drinking Muslims as showing signs of assimilating French culture and thus – in the colonial worldview – advancing in civilisation, while others regretted both their loss of abstinence as well as their alleged taste for particularly strong forms of alcohol, such as absinthe.

This article will focus on the consumption of champagne. The French discourse on Muslim champagne drinkers focused on often ridiculed “justifications”, allegedly reported to French settlers and travellers in the Maghreb, through which Muslims “explained” why the consumption of champagne – as it was only “gazouz”, i.e. lemonade – did not constitute a transgression of one of the most visible of Islamic laws. These colonial descriptions of wine-abstaining, champagne-consuming Muslims offers an insight into how differences were created between coloniser and colonised, between civilised and primitive, and how the consumption of the same drink did not necessarily lead to a shared experience.
Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784–1817) – der Basler Orientreisende malgré lui und sein Besuch bei den Drusen im Gebiet des Mont-Liban
Authors: Stucky Rolf A.
Published: March 2020

John Lewis Burckhardt from Basel (1784–1817) – the oriental traveller malgré lui and his journey to the Druzes in Mont-Liban

Abstract

The characterisation of John Lewis Burckhardt alias Sheikh Ibrahim as a traveller malgré lui, in opposition to his own primary intention, may at first glance surprise one. It calls for a short introduction to his life and to his work in Basel and in London as well as to his contacts with the African Association. This text provides this introduction and then follows Burckhardt’s journey during the spring of 1812 from Damascus through Mont-Liban, the hills between the Eastern coast of the Mediterranean and the mountain chain with the famous cedars. For centuries this area, the Chouf, has been the homeland of the esoteric ethno-religious group of the Druzes. Since the time of the Enlightenment, secret religions have constituted one of the main interests of Western travellers. For only three days Burckhardt was a guest of Emir Bašīr Šihābs in his palace at Beit ed-Din. There he met also once the chief of the Druzes, Sheikh Bašīr Ǧunbalāt. His description of Druze customs and ways of life and his analysis of the rivalry between the two major authorities of Mont-Liban helps one to understand the continual tensions between Druzes and Maronites, which resulted in a series of massacres between 1825 and 1973.
Modern Durgas Fighting against the Demons of Globalization
Authors: Cavaliere Stefania
Published: March 2020

The analysis presented here focuses on the way the antithesis between the global and the local is approached from a literary point of view in the contemporary Indian context. Assuming an ecocritical perspective, it reinterprets literature on ecological themes as a tool to negotiate some spaces of autonomy from hegemonic models imposed by globalization on an economic, technological and cultural level. Global plans often collide with local ecosystems, upsetting their pre-existent equilibrium and always more frequently producing antagonism, resistance and overt conflicts. The claim for the management of local resources and the safeguard of traditional lore become a response to the “allegedly value-neutral global market” (Eaton / Lorentzen (eds.) (2003): Ecofeminism and Globalization: Exploring Culture, Context, and Religion. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc., 4). Filtering the discussion through an ecofeminist critique, it is possible to find a connection between the abuse of power that underlies human oppression and the exploitation of the environment. Women and nature are, in fact, connected in the dominant masculine discourse by the rhetoric of submission, which is harmful to both of them (Zimmerman, et al. (ed.) (1993): Environmental Philosophy: from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.; Warren / Cheney. (1991): “Ecological Feminism and Ecosystem Ecology”. Hypatia 6/1 Ecological Feminism: 179–197.). As an example of resistance strategy to these dynamics and a means to give voice to women through literature, this article proposes a critical reading of the novel Betvā bahtī rahī by Maitreyī Puṣpā (“The Betvā River was flowing”).
Early ‘Glocalization’ in Indian Cinema: An Analysis of Films of Dada Saheb Phalke and Himanshu Rai
Authors: Rahman M. Sadiqur
Published: March 2020

That the adaptation of international ideas and foreign technology had an impact on local film culture, is not a new idea in Indian cinema. Nevertheless, more scholarship and greater familiarity with extant literature are needed. This article aims to contribute to the study of the integration process of early Indian films into World cinema. This article considers the early ‘glocalization’ in Indian cinema which traces the process of universalizing particular experiences in silent cinema and transcending from the local to (achieve) global levels. Through the analysis of the films of Dada Saheb Phalke and Himanshu Rai, two film producers who were hugely impacted by the European style of filmmaking, I will discuss how their global vision with local considerations played a decisive role in shaping the early Indian film history. I argue how local and global forces in Phalke and Rai’s cinema boosted cultural open-mindedness and economic growth.
Charulata 2011: Dramatizing the Glocal
Authors: Roy Rituparna
Published: March 2020

A lonely wife in Kolkata and a bachelor in London have a virtual affair, but are forced to re-think their relationship when they discover he is her brother-in-law. Charulata 2011 is an ingenious post-millennial adaptation of Tagore’s novella, Nastanir (The Broken Nest, 1901), already immortalized by Satyajit Ray in his classic Charulata (1964). This intertextuality, especially with Ray, lends an added dimension to the film, allowing Chatterjee to contrast two modernities in Bengal – the colonial and glocal – over the course of a century. Both these women gain temporary respite from their suffocating marriage through an affair, but their circumstances are vastly different. While Tagore/Ray’s heroine (like Anna Karenina, Madame Bovary and Lady Chatterley) could only bond with a man she knew, technology expands Charulata’s choice in 2011. She romances the strange and the unknown – an unseen tall dark stranger with a gift for words. While the nineteenth century Bengali heroine had to reign in her erotic impulse, her twenty-first century counterpart submits to it, though with an overwhelming sense of guilt. But there are similarities too – both are childless homemakers; have a literary sensibility; and though a 100 years apart, in both their cases, the lover eventually departs, and duty ultimately wins over passion, bringing back the duly chastened wife to the wronged husband. Charulata 2011 thus dramatizes a glocalized South Asian narrative, where the protagonist negotiates an uneasy juxtaposition of a globalized outlook on the world with the entrapment of age-old social obligations in her self.
Seeing Kolkata: Globalization and the Changing Context of the Narrative of Bengali-ness in Two Contemporary Films
Authors: Bhattacharya Binayak
Published: March 2020

The article engages with the question of an exclusivity, an ‘otherness’ of the Bengali culture, in the available representative modes of Indian cinema. It studies the socio-cultural dynamics through which this ‘otherness’ can be found reorienting itself in recent years in a globalized perspective. It takes two contemporary films, Kahaani (Hindi, 2012) and Bhooter Bhobishyot (Bengali, 2012) to dwell upon. The analysis aims to historicise the construction of a cultural stereotype called ‘Bengali-ness’ in Indian cinema by marking some significant aspects in the course of its historical development. Using the films as cases in point, the article attempts to develop a framework in which the changing landscape of the city of Kolkata, shifting codes of the cultural habits of the middle class and reconfigured ideas about a ‘Bengali nation’ can be seen operating to develop a refashioned relationship between the state of Bengal and the rest of the country. It suggests that the global cultural inflow, along with the localized notions of the new, globalized Bengali-ness, are engaged in developing a new politics of representation for the city and the Bengali society in the cinemas of India.