bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The concept of a decentralized autonomous organization as an innovative organizational structure
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Organization and Management, Zaczyk Mateusz
Published: September 2023

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the concept of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in the context of the evolution of organizational structures. The article presents the current state of knowledge about DAOs, taking into account the principles of their functioning and the current state of development. The roles of individual actors involved in the DAO were also discussed and typical features of the DAO organization were indicated. Design/methodology/approach: The main method used in this article is a literature review supplemented with an analysis of online industry sources and reports of consulting companies. The analysis included a review of the characteristics of the DAO organization against the background of traditional structures and the ways of functioning of the DAO. Findings: The article describes the characteristics of organizations managed with smart contracts created thanks to the use of blockchain technology. The stages of the formation of DAOs and the main principles of their functioning based on the possession of digital tokens of a given organization, as well as the right to participate in voting on decisions made in the DAO, were indicated. The basic advantages and risks associated with the functioning of DAOs were also indicated. Originality/value: The originality of this article lies in the confrontation of the theory and practice of DAOs with traditional, hierarchical organizations with specific features. The current literature in the field of DAOs is not very extensive, especially in relation to the issue of organizational structures, as demonstrated in the Materials and Methods section of this article. Keywords: decentralized autonomous organization, organizational structure, blockchain technology, smart contracts. Category of the paper: literature review.
Operational urban planning – Zone d’Aménagement Concerté
Authors:   Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich, Nawrocka Ada
Published: September 2023

Purpose: Particular attention of this article will be given to a selected instrument of operational urban planning which has a French origin - Zone d'Amenagement Concerte_ZAC. The study of this instrument will be preceded by an introduction about the principles of operational urban planning and the system of tools among which the ZAC operates. Design/methodology/approach: The author based the article on the institutional and legal method - the analysis of the French legal regulations, literature and existing studies in the area of French operational urban planning, and in particular the selected planning tool-Zone d'Amenagement Concerte. Findings: The study reveals that France has an extensive set of tools, designed to support the development of the urbanized territory and protect spatial order. The research shows that there is no reason why similar operational tools could not be introduced in Poland. Originality/value: The operational planning instrument-Zone d'Amenagement Concerte - may have a wider positive impact in Polish urban planning reality and could become a catalyst of positive changes helping to counteract dangerous and expensive processes that destroy Polish space, such as urban sprawl. Keywords: operational urban planning, urban design. Category of the paper: Research paper.
Bababilikék Bébibálna és Kockabogár, avagy az autónevekről
Authors: Bágyi Barbara
Published: September 2023

This paper discusses a special type of names for objects, i.e. names given to cars by their owners or users. Names for cars, though not treated frequently in the literature, present some interesting aspects for consideration. The author collected 280 names via an Internet survey and classified them into six comprehensive categories: car names motivated by trade names (brands and types), the license plates (letters and numbers on license plates), appearance (colour, size, sound, etc.), characteristics (age, power, speed, etc.), the owner’s affection and outstanding events (the purchase of the car, etc.). Gender differences in naming practices can also be observed: females often choose names expressing their affection towards their cars; males, however, prefer names motivated by the characteristics of their cars.
Szivárvány a harmatcseppben, avagy a Szovárd-kérdés és a történeti névtudomány
Authors: Szentgyörgyi Rudolf
Published: September 2023

Loránd Benkő’s book entitled “The Szovárd question. Chapters from the history of an Old Hungarian clan” includes the results of research into historical onomastics; furthermore, it can also be considered as a methodological manual, in which apart from the description of an actual research the reader can observe the author’s scholarly working practices. This volume convinces us that historical onomastic researches should exceed the practice of collecting and categorising data, casts light upon the fact that such researches are inevitably interdisciplinary, presents the proper interpretation of professional respect, displays thematic discipline, and, finally, reveals how the learned empathy can be involved into one’s research methodology.
Személynévhasználat a magyar halottsiratókban
Authors: Kocsis Réka
Published: September 2023

The paper examines whether Sándor Solymossy was right in his assumption that the function of personal names in Hungarian mourning songs was to conjure up the dead person’s soul. The author analyses the personal names appearing in the volume of “A magyar népzene tára [The Collection of Hungarian Folk Music]” that is dedicated to mourning songs. The name of the dead person turns up in approximately 30% of the texts, and significant differences can be observed as far as the degree of relationship is concerned. Regarding name forms, most frequently the full or the Christian name appears, standing usually at the beginning of the mourning song and reappearing again and again in the text. The assumed magic function of the name in the text is put in question by several factors. In the observed songs from the 20th century, the role of the name is rather to recall and identify. Names of other persons, dead or alive, though fewer in number, also appear with different functions in the songs. Using the collected data, the author draws conclusions about the relations between names and humans as well.
A Történeti magyar családnévatlasz előmunkálatairól
Authors: N. Fodor János , F. Láncz Éva
Published: September 2023

In synchronic and diachronic surveys of family names, digital atlases have recently become extremely important tools, as they can provide information on the spatial distribution, localization, and dialect differences of names and name variants. European onomastics has already produced some very impressive works in the field, and Hungarian onomastics should also join the trend. In Hungary, the current synchronic surveys on family names face several questions to which adequate answers can only be gained from investigations into historical changes. The first steps to build the database of the Hungarian historical personal names have already been taken. The present database contains the 166,000 names of the first national census in 1715. The name corpus provides an opportunity for several linguistic, onomastic and interdisciplinary enquiries, some of which are described in the paper: 1) Lexical cartograms are used to examine the regionality of the names in order to reveal extralinguistic factors (migration, economic and social relations, etc.), adopting an interdisciplinary approach. 2) Personal names as elements of the language display dialectal, phonetic, morphological and lexical features; thus, their analysis provides us with valuable insights into historical dialectology. 3) Identifying the name-etymons helps us to find out the distribution of the linguistic origin of the relevant name stock, which might serve as an indirect source of historical demographic research to reconstruct contemporary ethnic conditions. 4) In name systemic investigation, the mapping and analysis of the regionality of certain family-name types are carried out. Morphological enquiries are aimed at discovering the geographical characteristics of certain formants (derivative suffixes) and variants.
Hol tartanak a mai magyar családnévatlasz munkálatai?
Authors: Vörös Ferenc
Published: September 2023

The first part of the paper reports on the present state of the work of compiling ‘The Atlas of Contemporary Hungarian Surnames’. The author speaks about the development of the search engine and the geographic information system needed to generate the maps for the Atlas, as well as about the elaboration of the necessary mathematical support programs. The author also discusses the theoretical and methodological approaches adopted in the compilation of frequency lists and in the definition of lexical types. The second part of the paper, based on thematic maps on the surname Orsós, gives us an insight into the process of how one can make some valid statements about the relationship between the observed surname and the Hungarian Beas Gypsies, when showing on maps the geographical distribution of the relevant data stored in MMCsA / DHS (A mai magyar családnevek adatbázisa / The Database of Hungarian Surnames), including more than 10 million surnames.
Egyes rendi jogintézmények hatása a nemesi családnévviselésre
Authors: Megyeri-Pálffi Zoltán
Published: September 2023

In Hungary, in the period of the stabilization of two-constituent names, the nobility, setting an example also in name bearing, accepted several regulations resulted in name changes, each of which was rooted in the legal system of the feudal Hungary. Marriage (as a result of its property right consequences), changes in estates, assignment in kind of the quarter inherited by a daughter, investment with the rights of a son, contemporary forms of adoption could all lead to (deliberate) changes in surnames, as these feudal legal institutions influenced financial conditions. This paper explains the so far neglected aspects of the relation between the history of law and name bearing, and describes the contemporary plasticity of name use as observed in the cases of some noble families.
Zsidó figurák nevei a Borsszem Jankóban a 20. század első felében
Authors: Németh Luca Anna
Published: September 2023

This study examines the names of Jewish characters in a Hungarian humour magazine entitled Borsszem Jankó (‘Tom Thumb’) in issues published between 1901 and 1937. The author compares the name stock of this period with that examined in a previous analysis. It can be ascertained that the new Jewish name-giving practices giving preference to Hungarian first names in the first decades of the 20th century are reflected in the magazine as well. In the surname stock of the Jewish figures, names referring to a personal feature are still dominant. The author also discusses the main characteristics of family names affected by name changes as they appear in the magazine. The morphological and semantic features of the last group of surnames often display the typical purpose of family name changes: choosing a surname which suggests the old and noble origin of the family. The cultural incongruence between first names and Magyarized family names is an important source of humour in the magazine.
Személynevek az irodalmi művek címeiben
Authors: G. Papp Katalin
Published: September 2023

This paper intends to answer the question whether there is a kind of connection between the title involving a personal name and the genre of a literary work. Titles of literary works belonging to certain genres (e.g. adventure stories, historical novels and genre variants commemorating a person) include personal names quite often. A close connection, however, could be proved only in the case of romances.
Nyelvi érintkezések az Érmellék területén a víznevek tükrében
Authors: Kiss Magdaléna
Published: September 2023

The paper presents, according to linguistic strata, the hydronyms of Ér (‘brook’) and its branches, streams forming part of the northern drainage area of the Körös region. Data of Hungarian and foreign names are arranged in chronological order, because the changes of hydronyms have been affected not only by natural, but also by historical forces as well as by social and ethnic contacts. The change and alternation of these factors in time led to an interesting and varied picture. After briefly presenting the river Ér and its region, the author also quotes the settlement names of the area, for two reasons: on the one hand, these names offer considerable help in identifying the ethnic composition of the territory, and with the help of them we can get an insight into who lives or lived in the area; on the other hand, based on the well-known connections between hydronyms and settlement names, we can deduce conclusions about the primacy of a language in the region as well as on the shaping force of demographic index on hydronyms.
Determining the Financial Performance of Companies by DEA Window Analysis: A Study on Venture Capital Investment Trusts Operating in BIST
Authors: Bolat İsmet , Ertürkmen Gülferah , Akardeniz Erhan
Published: September 2023

Bu çalışmada, Borsa İstanbul'da işlem gören Girişim Sermayesi Yatırım Ortaklarının (GSYO) 2018-2022 yıllarına ait finansal performansları Veri Zarflama Analizi Yöntemlerinden, Pencere (Window) analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiş ve elde
edilen sonuçlar tablolar halinde verilmiştir. Firmalar analiz edilirken, finansal tablolardan elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Firmaların finansal verileri, Kamuyu Aydınlatma Platformu (KAP) ‘tan elde edilmiştir. Analizde homojenlik
sağlanması için, aynı sektörde faaliyet gösteren firmalar seçilmiş ve bu firmaların finansal performansları çeşitli oranlar yardımıyla karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırmaya BIST’ te faaliyet gösteren 7 Girişim Sermayesi Yatırım Ortaklığından
6’ sı dahil edilmiştir. Pardus Girişim Sermayesi Yatırım Ortakları A.Ş.’ ye ait finansal verilere analiz döneminin bazı yıllarında ulaşılmadığı için bu firma analize dahil edilmemiştir. Analizde 3 girdi değişken; (Cari oran, Kaldıraç
Oranı, Duran varlık / Aktif toplamı oranı) ile 2 çıktı değişken; (Net Kar / Varlık Top. (ROA) ve Net Kar / Özsermaye Oranı (ROE)) kullanılmıştır. Pencere analizi 5 yıllık periyot için, girdi odaklı, ölçeğe göre sabit getiri ve
değişken getiri varsayımı altında DEA-Solver Pro11 programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda Pencere analizinde (I-V) ve (I-C) sonuçlarına göre analize dahil edilen firmaların analiz dönemi boyunca finansal performanslarında
bir düşüş yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir.
Historical and Religious Place of Woman in Viking Imagination
Authors: ÖZKAN Selahattin
Published: September 2023

Dinin sarsılmaz bir biçimde toplumsal düzenin temelini oluşturduğu ve Avrupa’nın bütüncül bir dini birlikteliğe ulaşmadığı Ortaçağ’da cereyan eden dini değişimler Avrupa kimliğinin oluşmasında pay sahibidir. Söz konusu dini değişimlerden
bir tanesi de Vikinglerin başına gelmiş ve kuzeyliler kadim inançlarını bırakarak Hristiyanlığageçmişlerdir. Ortaçağ boyunca din değiştiren ve din değiştirilmesi için çaba sarf edilen Avrupa; siyasal ve dini gelişmelerle birlikte
toplumsal cinsiyetlerin takip edilebildiği hareketli bir süje haline gelmiştir. Viking adıyla anılan ve Avrupa kıtasını baştan sona arşınlayan kuzeyliler komşusu olan Germenlerin, ticaret yaptıkları Bizanslıların ve işgalleri altındaki
Anglosaksonların birbiriyle yarışan çabaları sonucunda en nihayetinde on birinci yüzyılda Hristiyanlaştırılmış ve bir zamanların gözünü kan bürümüş barbar kavmi Vikingler Hristiyan Avrupa’nın bir parçası olmuştur. İskandinavya’nın
Hristiyanlaştırılmasındaki payı üstlenmeye çalışan aktörler birbiriyle yarışa dursun; sürecin en önemli unsuru olarak ortaya çıkan kadınlar ise yeni inanç sistemini hem kendi ülkelerine taşımışlar hem de bir parçası oldukları Viking
toplumundaki cinsiyetlerine özgü rolleri Avrupa’ya tanıştırmışlardır. Bu aşamada Hristiyanlaşmanın kadınlara yüklediği rolün, terk ettikleri kadim inançlarıyla doğrudan ilişkisi akıllara gelecektir. Ancak din değiştirme süreci
sırasında bu biçimlere yüklenen yeni roller ise Avrupa’daki Kadın kimliğinin inşasını başlatan Ortaçağ’daki öncü adımlardır. Böylece toplumsal cinsiyetlerin dini rolleri pekişmiş ve Avrupa’da erken Ortaçağa değin göz ardı edilen
yeni bir kimlik kurulabilmiştir.
Pronoia System and Its Historical Process
Authors: BAŞAR Tuğba
Published: September 2023

Pronoia Kurumu, Thema sisteminin zayıflaması sonucunda 11. Yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren Bizans İmparatorluğunda ortaya çıkmıştır. Sivil ve daha çok askeri hizmetler karşılığında verilen geliri, hibeyi ifade etmektedir. Pronoia ile
bireye verilen araziler kalıcı değildir. I. Aleksios tahta geçtiği ilk yıllarda merkezi otoriteyi güçlendirmek amacıyla bağlılığını bildiren kişilere ve çoğunlukla yakın çevresine Pronoia arazisi vermekteydi. Pronoia arazileri,
Komnenos hanedanı döneminde ilerleyen yüzyıllarda savunma sistemini güçlendirmek amacıyla askeri hizmet karşılığında Stratiotes adındaki asker köylülere verilmeye başlandı. Paleologos hanedanı döneminde ise miras olarak devredilebilir
hale gelmiş ve arazi sahipleri yarı bağımsız otorite figürü olmaya başlamışlardır. Bu makalede, Pronoia kavramına, Pronoia kurumunun yüzyıllar boyunca yaşamış olduğu değişim ve dönüşüme, Tımar sistemi ile olan ilişkisine yer verilecektir.
The description of students learning difficulties in reaction rate materials
Authors: Amanda Della Rezkyta , Azra Fajriah
Published: September 2023

Reaction Rate is material that high school students study in class XI MIPA in odd semesters. In this material, as much as 77.64% of SMAN 16 Padang class XI MIPA students have yet to achieve the minimum criteria set. It indicates that students have learning difficulties. Learning difficulties are failures in achieving learning goals characterized by low learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the percentage of students who experience learning difficulties for each indicator on the material reaction rate and determine the factors that cause learning difficulties experienced by students in terms of learning methods. This research is a type of descriptive research. The sample for this research was students in class XI MIPA 3 at SMAN 16 Padang in the 2022/2023 academic year, which consisted of 36 people. The research instruments used were two-tier multiple-choice diagnostic tests, questionnaires, and interviews. The data analysis used is descriptive, namely analyzing and providing an understanding of the data in the form of numbers so that an overview can be given in an orderly, concise, and clear manner. The results of this study stated that students of SMAN 16 Padang experienced learning difficulties in tar material with a high category. The highest difficulty level is found in the 3rd indicator (Explaining the effect of surface area on the rate of reaction), which is equal to 83.33%. Learning difficulties experienced by students are caused by ineffective learning methods, such as making study schedules and carrying them out, reading and taking notes, repeating material, concentrating, and doing assignments.
Morfometri Pencitraan Gelembung Renang Dan Potensi Penurunan Denyut Jantung Pada Penggunaan Minyak Cengkeh Sebagai Anestetik Ikan Nila Jatimbulan (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Vidiastuti Dian , Arfiati Diana
Published: September 2023

Ikan nila Jatimbulan memiliki potensi dikembangkan di Indonesia karena mudah dilakukan budidaya. Penggunaan anestetik pada proses transportasi kering dan pemeriksaan medis pada ikan banyak menggunakan minyak cengkeh karena murah dan mudah didapatkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek penggunaan minyak cengkeh sebagai anestetik pada gelembung renang dan laju denyut jantung. Ikan nila Jatimbulan dewasa, umur 4 bulan, jantan sebanyak 35 ekor dibagi dalam 7 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol (P1), induksi anestesi minyak cengkeh dosis 20 ppm (P2), 30 ppm (P3), 40 ppm (P4), 50 ppm (P5), 60 ppm (P6) dan 70 ppm (P7). Metode pengukuran gelombung renang menggunakan pencitraan radiografi proyeksi lateral dan ekhokardiografi untuk pengukuran laju denyut jantung. Hasil uji Tukey menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan rata-rata panjang gelembung renang setiap kelompok, sedangkan dosis P5 (50 ppm) dan P6 (60 ppm) menyebabkan peningkatan lebar gelembung renang dibandingkan P1 (kontrol) dan P2 (20 ppm). Kelompok P7 (70 ppm) memiliki rata-rata denyut jantung paling rendah dibandingkan semua kelompok yaitu 49 ± 3.69 kali per menit. Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu penggunan minyak cengkeh dosis 20-70 ppm untuk anestetik ikan nila Jatimbulan tidak mempengaruhi dimensi dan struktur gelembung renang namun perlu diantisipasi timbulnya penurunan laju denyut jantung yang terjadi dengan peningkatan dosis.
Theoretical Study of The Determination of Optimal Tilt Angle of a Solar Collector Case Study: Mataram – Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Apriandi Nanang , Herlambang Yusuf Dewantoro , Prasetyo Totok , Margana Margana , Negara Komang Metty Trisna , Raharjanti Rani
Published: September 2023

The performance of solar energy based apparatus in various locations is inseparable from the determination of the orientation direction and tilt angle. This study aims to determine an optimal tilt angle in Mataram city area. Photovoltaic Geographical Information System from European Commission (online) was used as the database to obtain global radiation and monthly average diffusion radiation on the horizontal surface with locus coordinates at Latitude/Longitude: -8.583°/116,107° South Latitude. That data was then processed mathematically using Microsoft Excel software. As the result, for the application of solar-based apparatus with a fixed structural configuration throughout the year, the optimal tilt angle (β) was 15° with the orientation facing north, and it was estimated that total solar radiation received throughout the year on average was 115,195 MJ/m2.
A carrageenan-based edible coating incorporating with peppermint essential oils to increase shelf life of bananas (Musa acuminata cavendish)
Authors: Pamungkas Amin , Siregar Zaenal Arifin , Sedayu Bakti Berlyanto , Fauzi Ahmat , Novianto Toni Dwi
Published: September 2023

Ambon bananas (Musa acuminata cavendish) are nutritious and economically valuable fruits. Bananas, being a climacteric fruit, have the potential to undergo deterioration subsequent to the harvesting process. The utilization of an edible coating on bananas has demonstrated potential in delaying spoilage, whereas the substantial use of peppermint oil has been observed in the preservation of fruit freshness. This research investigated how a carrageenan-based coating and peppermint essential oil enhance banana shelf life. This research compares uncoated bananas, carrageenan-coated bananas, and carrageenan-peppermint-coated bananas. Weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, colour, and water activity were tested. In this study, it was observed that the application of a carrageenan edible coating resulted in a reduction in weight loss and TSS as compared to bananas that were not coated. Duncan's test shows statistically significant discrepancy in weight loss among bananas that have undergone different treatments, thereby influencing the overall weight loss outcome. There are variations in pH levels and aw values. Meanwhile, pH and water activity of coated and uncoated bananas were relatively the same and stable during storage, so the carrageenan edible coating treatment and the addition of peppermint essential oil had no effect. The findings indicate that edible coatings made from carrageenan have the ability to inhibit the ripening process of bananas. Nevertheless, the efficacy of this inhibition decreases when peppermint essential oil is given as a supplementary constituent.
Haida and Tlingit Use of Seabirds from the Forrester Islands, Southeast Alaska
Authors: Moss Madonna L.
Published: September 2023

This paper presents the results of recent archaeological survey and zooarchaeological studies of five sites located on the Forrester Islands of southeast Alaska, part of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Even though many Alaska Natives have a long history of hunting migratory birds—including seabirds—use of these resources is not well-documented, at least partly because harvest during the spring and summer was illegal for much of the 20th century. Ethnographic and biological data are employed to help interpret the zooarchaeological results. This study documents use of 11 seabird taxa, with Tufted Puffins, Common Murres, Rhinoceros Auklets, and Cassin's Auklets as the most heavily used species. The bird assemblages from the Forrester Islands demonstrate that the Haida, Tlingit, and their ancestors have been using seabirds from the Forrester Islands for over a thousand years.
Ethnomedicine of the Rama of Southeastern Nicaragua
Authors: Coe Felix G.
Published: September 2023

The Rama are one of three indigenous groups of eastern Nicaragua. A total of 206 plant species, in 157 genera and 70 families, were documented as medicinals in three years of fieldwork. Most (75%) Rama medicinals are native to eastern Nicaragua, and are used to treat more than 30 human ailments. Over 70% have some bioactive principle, most are herbs (37%) or trees (36%), and leaves are the most frequently utilized plant part. Most herbal remedies are prepared as decoctions and are administered orally. Most medicinal plants are wild, but some important species are introduced domesticates native to the New World and Old World tropics. The Rama people are the most highly acculturated group of eastern Nicaragua, and accordingly, their use of the native flora has changed the most. In addition, this group occupies a small area, and has few unaltered traditional practices left. Therefore, this study is important because it provides a written record of the oral history of a group whose cultures and natural resources are disappearing very quickly.
Modern and Natural Coconut Hybrids in Southern India: Natural, Technical and Social Facts
Authors: Bourdeix R. , Leclerc C. , Thampan P. K. , Baudouin L. , Joly H. I.
Published: September 2023

Genetic and agronomic criteria are insufficient to explain the distinction made by farmers between a modern coconut hybrid and a natural coconut hybrid in southern India. Here we show that these modern and traditional coconut hybrids come from the same parental cultivars, and we analyze the attitude of farmers who name, characterize and treat the hybrids differently despite their biological similarity. From an anthropological perspective, this varietal assessment is not a free or isolated process. Indeed, farmer's evaluation of the new material is based on their traditional varieties, already known and used as a frame of reference. This comparison has less to do with the biological characteristics of the plant than with its qualities as a cultural entity within a human community. The large distribution scale of the modern coconut hybrids, their abundance, and the fact that their reproduction is technically assisted by scientists contrast with the rare, spontaneous appearances of the natural coconut hybrids in farmers' fields. By thus focusing our attention on human intervention, it is not only the planting materials that are being compared but also two crop creation processes and two social groups (farmers and scientists).
The Significance of Sheep in the Traditional Agriculture of Beira Alta, Portugal
Authors: Estabrook George F.
Published: September 2023

During the last several centuries, the high granite mesas in eastern Portugal south of the Douro river have been a major rye growing region. About half the rye produced was carried away to feed urban populations. The loss from the village agro-ecosystem of the nitrogen in the rye grain was replaced because farmers used giesta ( Cytisus, Fabaceae), a nitrogen fixer, to make the compost with which they fertilized their crops. Farmers used to keep about 20 sheep for every hectare they cultivated. These sheep produced very few lambs, could be milked only briefly, produced low quality wool, and were not eaten. Farmers kept so many sheep to mix their excrement with giesta. Two experimental rye plots in the county of Trancoso, Beira Alta Portugal were grown with traditional technology except one had giesta plus sheep manure, and the other had only giesta, but enough extra to add the same amount of nitrogen. By the end of the growing season, rye in the plot with giesta plus manure was approximately twice as productive, and much of the giesta added without manure had not decomposed. The carbon/nitrogen ratio of mature giesta is near 30, which is too high for giesta alone to rot readily in the soil. Manure lowers the C/N ratio to near 20, which enables it to rot and release nutrients at the rate rye needs them.
„Nowe znamiona” Kościoła według papieża Franciszka
Authors: Artemiuk Przemysław
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to selected elements of the ecclesiology of Pope Francis. The author notices numerous ecclesiological threads that allow to collect and systematize the papal thoughts about the Church. They form an ecclesiology that has its sources, has characteristic features and areas of interest. Looking at the teaching of Francis from the perspective of fundamental ecclesiology, the author of the article finds four original features in him, as it were, "new features" of the Church. They are poverty, solidarity, peripherality and charity. Each of them is theologically justified by Francis and embedded in the papal ministry.
The Heart of the Current Reception of the Ecclesiology of the People of God. "New paths in the theology and practice of sensus fidei"
Authors: Luciani Rafael
Published: September 2023

The current synodal process is fostering a deepening of the sensus fidei, as a precious theological treasure in the listening of the Spirit on the part of the People of God. It supposes an ecclesiological turn, which has its novelty in the intertwined reading of Lumen gentium 12 (sensus fidei) and 23 (local Churches). It foresees a new reception of pneumatology and a spiritual and binding dynamic of all the faithful, and introduces restitutio (or giving back) as a new step on the way to build the sensus totius populi. We are living an ecclesial stage in which a first emergence of what will be a synodal ecclesiality can be appreciated, though not fully yet theorized. We will try to develop this in the following contribution.
Insegnamento del beato Giovanni Duns Scoto sulla menzogna sullo sfondo della teoria scotiana dell’atto morale umano
Authors: Niewiadomski Krzysztof
Published: September 2023

The paper undertakes a study on the issue of a lie in morality, in the theory of Bl. John Duns Scotus. The Franciscan theologian shows iniquity of this act on the basis of a bad intention. The object alone isn’t sufficient for a final moral qualification. This teaching is consistent with Duns Scotus' theory of the moral act and it confirms it. It harmonizes with his metaphysics and epistemology.
Development and evaluation of an energy-efficient intelligent infrared heating system for industrial buildings
Authors: CHİKURTEV Denis , YOSİFOVA Veneta , HARALAMPİEVA Milena , PETROV Rosen
Published: September 2023

Energy efficiency is a global problem that has become a top priority for all developed countries in recent years. Limited energy resources and high pollution worldwide have led to an increase in research and development in terms of energy efficiency. In the present work, one of the energy-efficient methods for heating by using infrared sources is focused. The advantages of infrared heaters compared to standard heating sources are underlined. A comparative study of the energy consumed during heating by the most frequently used by the heating systems has been made, and the results of the theoretically calculated power costs are presented. An intelligent system has been developed for the management of the infrared heaters to reduce the consumption of electricity better. The intelligent control system is based on a fuzzy-logic control and an internet of things. Results of simulation experiments of the intelligent system are presented as well as of the application of the system in a real environment. During the experiments, the system successes to control the heaters and to reduce power consumption. The achieved results prove that signal processing and control can improve the performance by using modern sensor systems, thereby additional efficiency can be achieved by using the infrared heating. It is possible to develop different optimization systems and algorithms for increasing the energy efficiency of different heating systems.
Analysis of prescription pattern and evaluation of possible drug related problems in acute kidney injury patients
Authors: Sreelakshmi Mohan  , Josmi Jose  , Shibendra Mandal  , Neharika Lamsal
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 8% to 60% of in-hospital AKI cases. Impaired renal function leads to the accumulation of drugs and their metabolites in the body, increasing the nephrotoxic burden and the risk of AKI. Objective: The study aims to assess the necessity of appropriate dosage adjustment in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and the utilization of previously nephrotoxic drugs. Method: A prospective observational study was conducted among Acute Kidney Injury patients for a period of about 6 months. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.20. Pearson’s chi-square tests, correlation, and linear regression analysis were employed to examine the collected data. Results: A study of 207 patients revealed that 97% were prescribed antibiotics, with penicillin being the most common (46.9%). Cephalosporin and piperacillin/tazobactam were prescribed to 38.80% and 37.81% of patients, respectively. Concerningly, only 24% of prescriptions for acute kidney injury (AKI) patients were appropriate, while 86.9% and 58.4% exhibited overdosing and contraindications. More than half of the AKI patients (114 out of the total) had previously used nephrotoxic medications, potentially contributing to their kidney injury. Improved dosage adjustment practices in AKI treatment and monitoring of nephrotoxic drug use are crucial to prevent renal complications. Conclusion: The study’s findings emphasize AKI development, drug patterns, antibiotics and nephrotoxic drugs highlighting the importance of awareness and effective management of AKI.
Latent Dirichlet Allocation Utilization as a Text Mining Method to Elaborate Learning Effectiveness
Authors: Rudiman Rudiman , Rahmi Netri Alia
Published: September 2023

Learning method is a way to explain the lesson materials to students so that the learning process can occur in students as an effort to achieve the goals. Learning methods can be said to be a success if students are active, both physically, mentally, and socially in the learning process, in addition to showing high enthusiasm for learning and having self-confidence. The purpose of this study is to classify the opinions of Indonesian students regarding the existing learning methods and what learning methods they expected.  In order to evaluate existing learning methods using the latent dirichlet allocation method. The data used comes from tweets of Twitter users within the range of January to March 2022. The data is taken using the scrapping method through the help of the python twisel library and totaled to 3778 data, then preprocessed through the nltk and Sastrawi libraries. The results of this analysis stated that student opinions can be classified into 3 major topics which state students' opinions regarding effective learning methods, student difficulties in applicable learning methods, and high cross-departmental interest.
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PEMOTONGAN UPAH KARYAWAN KONTRAK PADA PENUNDAAN KEWAJIBAN PEMBAYARAN UTANG
Authors: Rahmania Yuniatri Fara , A. Futaki Danial , Pratama Akbar Rizky
Published: September 2023

Perusahaan dapat melakukan Penundaan Kewajiban Pembayaran Utang (PKPU) agar tetap dapat melanjutkan usahanya sembari mengamankan aset dan kekayaannya sehingga memberikan jaminan bagi pelunasan utang-utang bagi para kreditur. Kondisi tersebut kadangkala berdampak kepada para pekerja terkait pemotongan upah yang seharusnya dibayarkan termasuk bagi karyawan kontrak. Bentuk perlindungan hukum serta upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh karyawan kontrak atas tindakan perusahaan yang melakukan pemotongan upah dalam masa PKPU tetap. Perusahaan bertanggungjawab atas penundaan pembayaran upah kepada karyawan kontrak pada masa PKPU apabila karyawan menempuh upaya hukum. Dalam penelitian yuridis normatif ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa upaya hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh karyawan kontrak atas pemotongan upah oleh perusahaan dalam masa PKPU-Tetap tidak terakomodasi secara penuh oleh peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku saat ini. Perlindungan terhadap kepentingan karyawan kontrak dalam kondisi sebaiknya didasarkan pada perjanjian kerja antara karyawan dengan pihak perusahaan dimana upaya hukum dapat ditempuh melalui gugatan maupun kesepakatan perdamaian selama tidak diatur lain dalam perjanjian kerja.Companies can defer debt payment obligations (PKPU) so that they can continue their business while securing their assets and assets to provide guarantees for the repayment of debts for creditors. This condition sometimes has an impact on workers about wage deductions that should be paid, including for contract employees. Forms of legal protection and legal remedies can be taken by contract employees for the actions of companies that cut wages during the permanent PKPU period. The company is responsible for delaying payment of wages to contract employees during the PKPU period if the employee takes legal action. In this normative juridical research, it is concluded that the legal remedies that can be taken by contract employees for deductions from wages by the company during the PKPU-Permanent period are not fully accommodated by the current laws and regulations. Protection of the interests of contract employees under conditions should be based on a work agreement between the employee and the company where legal remedies can be taken through a lawsuit or a peace agreement as long as it is not regulated otherwise in the work agreement.
PERKEMBANGAN STANDAR PEMBERIAN INFORMASI PADA PROSES INFORMED CONSENT DALAM PERJANJIAN TERAPEUTIK
Authors: Widjaya Christine Elisia
Published: September 2023

Perkembangan standar atas informasi yang disampaikan kepada pasien mengenai tindakan medis atau pemeriksaan yang diusulkan oleh dokter dalam perjanjian terapeutik wajib mendapatkan persetujuan setelah diberikan informasi cukup mengenai kriteria-kriteria tertentu yang sah secara hukum. Tujuannya adalah agar pasien dapat mengambil keputusan dengan kesadaran penuh akan seluruh konsekuensi dan kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang terjadi. Permasalahannya adalah kegagalan untuk memberikan informasi yang adekuat kepada pasien merupakan suatu pelanggaran atas kewajiban profesional dokter, dan karenanya dianggap sebagai suatu malpraktik medis. Penelitian yang membahas mengenai perkembangan standar pemberian informasi pada proses informed consent di perjanjian terapeutik ini menggunakan pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan kasus, dan pendekatan studi perbandingan yang membandingkan antara putusan pengadilan atas kasus malpraktik medis di Indonesia, Jerman, dan Amerika Serikat. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya pergeseran standar informasi dari yang semula menggunakan perspektif kepentingan dokter menjadi beralih pada standar perspektif kepentingan pasien untuk menghormati dan mempromosikan otonomi pasien. Potensi gugatan malpraktik medis adalah akibat persetujuan tindakan medis yang diberikan secara tidak benar, terkait dengan kemungkinan adanya risiko medis yang telah terprediksi maupun belum dapat diperkirakan sebelumnya.The development of standards for information submitted to patients regarding medical actions or examinations proposed by doctors in therapeutic agreements must obtain approval after being given sufficient information about certain legally valid criteria. The goal is that the patient can make decisions with full awareness of all the consequences and possibilities that occur. The problem is that failure to provide adequate information to patients is a violation of the doctor’s professional obligations, and is therefore considered a medical malpractice. This study discusses the development of standards for providing information on the informed consent process in this therapeutic agreement using a conceptual approach, a statutory approach, a case approach, and a comparative study approach that compares court decisions on medical malpractice cases in Indonesia, Germany, and the United States. This study found that there was a shift in information standards from using the perspective of the doctor’s interests to shifting to the standard perspective of the patient’s interests to respect and promote patient autonomy. The potential for a medical malpractice lawsuit is the result of an incorrectly granted medical approval agreement, related to the possibility of predictable or unpredictable medical risks.
PEMANFAATAN RUANG MILIK JALAN TOL OLEH USAHA MIKRO, KECIL DAN MENENGAH
Authors: Azura Dinda Maurizka , Joesoef Iwan Erar
Published: September 2023

Infrastruktur jalan tol yang dibangun baik oleh pemerintah atau swasta memiliki ruang milik jalan (Rumija) yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat usaha yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 15 Tahun 2005 tentang Jalan Tol dan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor: 20/PRT/M/2010. Selain itu, para pelaku usaha UMKM juga melakukan pemanfaatan Ruang milik jalan yang berada di bawah Jalan Layang Tol (Elevated Toll Road). Rumija di bawah elevated toll road tersebut masih terdapat kekosongan hukum. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis normatif dengan didukung wawancara dari pelaku usaha UMKM, pejabat daerah dan operator jalan tol. Objek penelitian adalah Ruang milik jalan di bawah jalan tol milik PT. CW. Hasil temuan dan kesimpulan penelitian bahwa perjanjian yang dilakukan oleh UKM kepada RT/RW setempat Batal Demi Hukum karena tidak semua Ruang milik jalan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tempat usaha kecuali ada izin dari Direktorat Bina Marga Kementerian PUPR. Untuk pemberdayaan UMKM maka pemerintah perlu mengkaji pemberian izin (konsesi) pemanfaatan Rumija khususnya yang berada di bawah jalan tol.Toll road infrastructure built either by the government or the private sector has road-owned space (Rumija) which can be used as a place of business which is regulated in Government Regulation Number 15 of 2005 concerning Toll Roads and Regulation of the Minister of Public Works Number: 20/PRT/M/2010. In addition, MSME business actors also use Rumija which is under the Elevated Toll Road. Rumija, under the elevated toll road, there is still a legal vacuum. The research method is normative juridical supported by interviews from MSME business actors, regional officials and toll road operators. The object of research is Rumija under the toll road owned by PT. CW. The findings and conclusions of the study are that the agreement made by SMEs to the local RT/RW is null and void because not all Rumija can be used as a place of business unless there is a permit from the Directorate of Highways of the Ministry of PUPR. For the empowerment of MSMEs, the government needs to review the granting of permits (concessions) for the use of Rumija, especially those under toll roads
ANALISIS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN PAJAK NOMOR PUT-75158/PP/M.XVIIA/19/2016 MENGENAI KEBERATAN TARIF BEA MASUK IMPOR
Authors: Sari Mustika Mega , Hariyoko Susilo , Jamal Lukman
Published: September 2023

Sejarah kepabeanan di Indonesia dimulai pada tahun 1873 dengan terbitnya Indische Tarif Wet Staatsblad Nomor 35. Pada masa itu, bila importir dikenakan tambah bayar atas bea masuk, maka tidak ada kesempatan untuk mengajukan keberatan. penelitian ini bersifat normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui mengenai penyelesaian sengketa dalam pengajuan keberatan importir terhadap tarif bea dan cukai masuk atas barang impor berdasarkan aturan dan ketentuan yang terkait. Adapun penyelesaian dari dualisme tarif tersebut, pengadilan pajak tetap berpedoman pada HS atau BTKI 2012 sebagai acuan untuk mengambil keputusan ataupun penyelesaian terhadap sengketa tersebut, dan juga tetap mempertimbangkan peraturan-peraturan yang terkait dalam sengketa yang diperkarakan. Sebaiknya dibuat aturan atau sistem yang lebih efisien dalam penentuan atau pengklasifikasian barang atas penetapan tarif bea masuk agar dapat diteliti lebih cermat lagi dan tidak menimbulkan dualisme penetapan tarif antara pihak importir dan DJBC untuk kedepannya.The history of customs in Indonesia began in 1873 with the publication of Indische Tariff Wet Staatsblad Number 35. At that time, if importers were charged with additional fees for import duties, there was no opportunity to apply. The approach used in this paper is a normative research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of this study provide information about disputes in filing objections by importers against duties and duties and duties on imported goods based on the relevant rules and regulations of dualism. The tax court is still guided by the HS or BTKI 2012 , as a decision to make a decision on the dispute and also continue to consider the regulations related to the dispute in question, a more efficient rule or system can be made in making or classifying goods on the determination of incoming tariffs so that they can be investigated more carefully and do not cause dualism in setting tariffs between importers and DJBC for the future.
PRODUK INDUSTRI RUMAH TANGGA: DALAM PENGAWASAN PEMERINTAH DAN PENGUATAN POSISI PRODUSEN
Authors: Sembiring Sentosa , Rismawati
Published: September 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fungsi pengawasan pemerintah yang berkaitan dengan perizinan Produk Industri Rumah Tangga (PIRT) dalam rangka penguatan posisi produsen. PIRT sebagai bagian dari kegiatan usaha, keberadaanya semakin terlihat dalam kegiatan bisnis. Dilihat sari sudut pandang hukum, keberadaan PIRT terdapat beberapa masalah yakni: pertama, mengenai kewenangan melakukan pengaturan dan pengawasan pelaksanaan PIRT terdapat di dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan di tingkat pusat maupun daerah; kedua, klasifikasi produsen yang wajib memperoleh PIRT; ketiga, mekanisme permohonan, pengawasan, dan pengaduan PIRT oleh berbagai pihak terkait; keempat, manfaat yang akan didapat dari PIRT, baik oleh pemerintah, produsen, maupun masyarakat luas sebagai konsumen; dan kelima, penjelasan menyeluruh mengenai berbagai istilah yang berkaitan dengan PIRT. Dengan adanya kejelasan pengaturan dan pengawasan PIRT posisi produsen akan semakin jelas keberadaanya. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif.
This research aims to analyze the function of government oversight related to licensing of Home Industry Products (PIRT). PIRT as part of business activities, its existence is increasingly visible in business activities.The existence of PIRT has several problems, namely: first, regarding the authority to regulate and supervise the implementation of PIRT contained in various laws and regulations, both those issued by the central government and regional governments; second, the classification of producers who are required to obtain PIRT; third, the mechanism for requesting, monitoring and complaining about PIRT by various related parties; fourth, the benefits that will be obtained from PIRT, both by the government, producers, and the general public as consumers; and fifth, a thorough explanation of various terms related to PIRT. With clear regulation and supervision of PIRT, the position of producers will become clearer. The method used in this research is normative juridical research method.