bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Azoilda Loretta da Trindade e o legado do projeto a cor da cultura
Authors: Silva Gisele Rose da
Published: November 2021

No ano de 2003, a Lei 10.639 estabeleceu a obrigatoriedade do ensino de conteúdos de História da África e dos negros no Brasil em todo currículo escolar brasileiro, e com base na referida lei, no ano de 2004, o Canal Futura em parceria com a Petrobras, o Cidan - Centro de Informação e Documentação do Artista Negro, o MEC – Ministério da Educação e Cultura, a Fundação Palmares, a TV Globo e a Seppir - Secretaria de Políticas de Promoção da Igualdade Racial iniciaram o projeto educativo “A Cor da Cultura”. Idealizado pela intelectual negra Azoillda Loretto da Trindade, o projeto foi difundido em todo país, produzindo materiais audiovisuais, ações culturais e educativas, visando práticas positivas e de reconhecimento e preservação das culturas afro-brasileiras.
Imprensa de mulheres, imprensa para instruir mulheres: a atuação de Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz no periódico O sexo feminino
Authors: França Aline De Souza de Souza Araújo
Published: November 2021

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo realizar um estudo acerca da atuação da professora e periodista Francisca Senhorinha da Motta Diniz, no sentido de sua agência como estimuladora da educação e instrução para mulheres no século XIX. Neste período, outros espaços, para além do ambiente escolar, se incumbiram da tarefa de propagar a educação e a instrução para diferentes setores da sociedade, entre estes as mulheres. A imprensa foi um destes caminhos pelos quais conhecimentos de distintas áreas do saber puderam ser propagados. No caso estudado, buscamos analisar a seção “Noticiario” do periódico O Sexo Feminino, publicado em Campanha da Princesa (MG) entre 1873-1874, posteriormente no Rio de Janeiro, em 1875 e 1889, buscando compreender as principais ideias e discursos acerca da educação para mulheres.
Roda na saia: história, costura e educação de mulheres negras professora
Authors: Macedo Rejane Lucia Amarante de
Published: November 2021

A escrita deste texto é oriunda dos desdobramentos da pesquisa de Doutorado que a autora tem realizado no Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF, em que pesquisa com mulheres negras professoras, articulando educação e os movimentos da costura. Traz como proposta desta escrita pensar como os trabalhos manuais da agulha possuem uma larga identificação com as mulheres negras e com o tipo de educação que recebem em Escolas Femininas até 1961. A opção teórico-metodológica é a pesquisa-formação, a partir de uma perspectiva autobiográfica. (JOSSO, 2007). Uma história particular que se entrecruza a muitas outras histórias de mulheres negras, incluindo as de sua família, experimentando os saberes da costura e do magistério em percursos de vida-formação.
Cognitive-discursive models of translation
Authors:   Dnipro University of Technology, Boiko I. V.
Published: November 2021

Models are central in many scientific contexts. The purpose of the article is to systematise and theoretically substantiate cognitive-discursive models of translation in the theory and practice of translation studies. The research methods were general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, observation and abstraction. In the perspective of cognitive modelling of translation, the creation of cognitive-discursive models of translation was preceded by cognitive-heuristic (A. H. Mynchenkov), cognitive-psychological (R. Bell), social-cognitive (D. Kiraly), and cognitive-pragmatic (E.-A. Gutt) models of translation. Thus, the development of the cognitive-discursive paradigm has given impetus to cognitive-discursive models of translation, the main advantage of which is the desire of their authors to take into account not only the text in the analysis of translation but also the mental activity of the translator and the reader while interpreting this text. Cognitive-discursive models of translation (T. P. Andriienko, L. Gopo, H. V. Taschenko) primarily focuse on the translator's cognitive sphere and the author's, translator's and reader's interpretation of reality embedded in the text, which results in paying attention to the bilingual picture of the translator's world. Translation in this focus appears as a reworking of someone else's „mental content”, which traditionally consists of interpretation (analysis of the original text), projecting a conceptual image of the source text on the picture of the world of the language of translation and implementation (creation of the text of translation).
Organizational and methodical model of approaches teaching to foreing students of scientific speaking competences at the pre-university stage
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Bogynia L. V. , Trusova L. V. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Savitska T. V. ,   Poltava State Medical University
Published: November 2021

Problem of introducing modern organizational and methodological teaching approaches to foreign citizens of scientific speaking competences at the propaedeutic stage is explored in the article. The primary task of preparatory departments and similar structures of pre-university training of higher education institutions of Ukraine is to achieve communicative competence by foreign students at a level that ensures the assimilation of scientific disciplines in the process of professional training in educational and professional programs. The leading role of the organizational and methodological model of teaching scientific speech to foreign speakers to meet their communicative needs during the study of SSS and profile disciplines is determined. A number of problems that affect the effectiveness of the formation of scientific speech skills is outlined. The issue of the absence of lexical and verb minimums in natural sciences for the initial stage of learning a foreign language is studied. The productivity of interaction of Ukrainian language teachers and profile subject’s teachers in the issues of observance of the unified language regime at the propaedeutic stage, coordination of the structure of textbooks and modeling of educational scientific texts is proved. The text-centric approach is defined as the basic methodical principle. The structure of textbooks on the introductory and basic course of SSS, methodical and didactic materials are described. The expediency of coordinating the teaching of the scientific style of speech with the practical course of the general literary language (in terms of lexical and grammatical content) and the logic of presentation of scientific topics of specialized disciplines is noted. It is proved that the introduction of the studied model has a positive effect on the formation of starting skills of scientific speech and Ukrainian-language communicative competence of foreign students in the professional sphere.
The influence of "MUSIC" model on the development of foreign language communicative competence of prospective foreign language teachers in the process of professional training
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Koknova T. A.
Published: November 2021

The methodological influence of B. Jones’ model “MUSIC” on the process of professional competence development in prospective foreign language teachers in the process of professional training is studied in the article. The definitions of “educational environment” and “educational space” are considered; it is concluded that the process of professional training of prospective teachers of foreign languages should be aimed at the development of their professional competence. In the course of the research it is established that the five-level model “MUSIC” of B. Jones, which is presented from the author's point of view, can help to optimize the impact of the environment on the process of professional competence development in the course of professional training of prospective foreign language teachers. At the first level, it is suggested to provide extended powers to prospective teachers of foreign languages in order to exercise their self-control over the process of developing thier professional competence during professional training. At the second level, it is necessary to make sure that prospective foreign language teachers recognize the importance of the material offered to them for mastering for their future professional development. At the third level, prospective foreign language teachers must be clearly aware that the success of their learning also depends on the right strategies. The fourth level is closely related to the sincere interest of prospective professionals in acquiring professional qualities. At the fifth level, it is essential to take care of students, to take into account the environmental factors that may affect the level of their professional development. It is concluded that in the focus of professional competence development of prospective foreign language teachers it is vital to create such an environment that would promote friendly relations between prospective professionals and the faculty staff, as it will have a positive effect on the quality of training of prospective foreign language teachers.
Development of phonetic competence of students mastering a second foreign language
Authors:   Higher Educational Establishment of Ukoopspilka ", Tupytsya O. Yu. ,   Poltava University of Economics and Trade", Zimakova L. V. ,   Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University
Published: November 2021

The article analyses peculiarities of the development of phonetic competence of students majoring in “Philology” who begin to learn a second foreign language (German). Phonetic competence is the ability to correctly articulate, intonate the utterances and comprehend the speech of others. According to the authors, phonetic competence is based on the skills laid at the initial stage of learning a second foreign language. Phonetic competence is an important component of all types of speech skills and therefore, it develops comprehensively in speech activity. The authors are convinced that the study of phonetics is not possible without the practical mastery of lexical and grammatical constructions of a foreign language. The author’s methods of development of phonetic competence of philology students are based on the following principles: 1) comparative analysis of phonetic phenomena in different languages; 2) taking into account the difference between spelling and pronunciation; 3) development of phonemic hearing; 4) active training; 5) the use of emotional means. The task of a teacher is to create an emotional factor (game techniques, models of communication situations, selection of speech patterns), a communicative environment, motivation and interest. The “German pronunciation games” selected by the authors are aimed at creating a “German accent” for students. Thus, practice proves that the principle of approximation, which is applied at the initial stage of learning a foreign language, is inappropriate for students learning German as a second foreign language. Communicative orientation is the main aspect of planning a second foreign language lesson for philology students. It is determined that successfully organized initial stage of the development of phonetic competence is very effective for further mastering a practical course of a second foreign language.
The use of Kahoot! in the process of learning foreign language for specific purposes
Authors:   Kryvyi Rih National University, Shalatska H. M.
Published: November 2021

The article considers Kahoot! as a universal tool for creating interactive online tests that allows to make tasks with multimedia content, use existing and upload personal illustrations, audio and video fragments. The features of using Kahoot! in distance learning in learning foreign language for specific purposes are analysed. The advantages of interactive tests as a means of gamification of the educational process are determined. Examples of the use of kahoots at different stages of training and a description of the process of organizing work on the platform is given, the possibility of conducting group online competitions, the use of tests as homework and individual-independent assignments in the discipline of foreign language for specific purposes is shown. The article proves that interactive tests in foreign language for specific purposes on Kahoot! can be used in distance learning in universities for consolidation, repetition, control of students' knowledge, expansion of vocabulary, improvement of language skills, analysis and correction of the knowledge gained. It has been found that online interactive games diverse educational process, make it interesting, dynamic and efficient. The perspective of the study is to conduct trainings and master classes for teachers on the formation of skills and techniques for working with software tools and services for assignment creation with gamification elements in studying language for specific purposes.
Specificity of the use of aphorisms in the novel "The Portrait of Dorian Gray" by Oscar Wilde
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Shekhavtsova S. O.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the study of the concept of «aphorism», the identification of essential features of the concept of aphorism and the definition of the specifics of the use of aphorisms in the novel «The Portrait of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde. An analysis of the studies of leading national and foreign linguists who studied the specifics of aphorisms showed that the essential features of aphorism: briefness, depth of thought, informative brevity, a high degree of generalization (general significance), completeness of thought, truthfulness (truthfulness), imagery (expressiveness, expressiveness) originality, didacticity, authorship, accuracy, sharpness of form, paradox, wit, novelty, communicative clarity. It has been proven that the English-language aphorism is characterized by a wide range of pragmatic attitudes: statement, summarizing, pairing, reasoning, reservations or threat, exposure or reproach, complaints, self-justification, self-deprecation, justification, reassurance, motivation, advice, cognition ect. Pragmatic attitudes in English-language aphorisms are realized with the help of a wide range of linguo-stylistic means. Based on our research, we have determined the specifics of the use of aphorisms in the novel «The Portrait of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde. We found that English-language aphorisms contain a pragmatic attitude of humiliation and self-deprecation, which are used very limitedly in the novel «The Picture of Dorian Gray» by Oscar Wilde. Aphorisms with a pragmatic attitude of justification and self-justification are used much more widely. According to our research, we have proved that the most common are aphorisms containing a pragmatic attitude of criticism.
The problem of human tragedy in the genre of science fiction (on the example of R. Bradbury’s works "Tomorrow's Child" and "The Veldt")
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Byndas O. M.
Published: November 2021

This article deals with the problem of relationships among people in the future, which are based not on respect and understanding of each other's value, but on absolute dependence on technical progress. The purpose of this work is to highlight the problem of humanity’s tragedy in the genre of science fiction, using the example of Ray Bradbury’s works „Tomorrow's Child” and „The Veldt”. Firstly, it is noted that the difference and, accordingly, the problem begins immediately with terminology, because there is no single stable definition of the term „fantasy” (as a generic phenomenon) in English-language science. The options offered by scientists are speculative fiction, fantastic fiction, fantasy literature. The author notes that science fiction (Sci-Fi) describes many different super important problems of the human society: technological progress, information wars, the desire of people to be immortal, powerful, rich, possessing the Universe. In fact, the tragedy of humanity begins from these desires. However, R. Bradbury’s works „Tomorrow's Child” and „The Veldt” have a wide range of topics, affecting aesthetic, intellectual, moral and scientific problems. In addition, the science fiction writer reveals his special interest in the inner world of the child. In the mentioned-above stories, the idea of the coexistence of people and the techno world is traced, which leads to a tragic situation. Covering the problem of humanity’s tragedy in the future, described back in the distant 1950s, R. Bradbury aims to present another idea of the future, he describes, at the same time, possible threats to us, and shows what significant consequences this can lead to.
Addressing the Scottish burden of wounds through the Lens of Profound Knowledge
Authors: MacDonald Jenni
Published: November 2021

The prevalence of wounds and the cost of treating them are increasing year on year. Improving the quality of wound care will improve patient outcomes and is a financial necessity. The Lens of Profound Knowledge is a tool that can be used to support quality improvement and identify where action is needed. It allows exploration of an organisation through four aspects—appreciate the system, understanding variation, psychology, and theory of knowledge—and working on all four aspects simultaneously is believed to increase the likelihood of achieving improvement. Improvements at and between all levels—microsystem (such as frontline services), mesosystem (health boards) and macrosystem (NHS Scotland)—would reduce variation in practice and prove to be both clinically and cost-effective. Given the rapidly growing population of people with unhealed wounds, wound care needs to be valued at all system levels and be adequately resourced.
Aesthetic dental challenges for the paediatric patient
Authors: Loy Fionnuala , Srinivasan Vidya
Published: November 2021

Advancements in material science have contributed greatly towards aesthetic dentistry. However, achieving satisfactory aesthetics for children in the developing dentition poses unique challenges. Challenges include, but are not limited to: (1) patient co-operation; (2) optimum moisture control; (3) continuing gingival maturation and bone growth; and (4) the increased need for minimally invasive and non-irreversible techniques to maintain future treatment options. This article addresses the common paediatric dental aesthetic challenges of uncomplicated crown fractures (ie those confined to enamel and dentine), localized, discrete enamel opacities and intrinsic discolouration of anterior, root canal-treated teeth. Treatment techniques and helpful tips for the general dental practitioner are presented.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article focuses on common dental aesthetic challenges that present in the paediatric dental population and suggests methods to manage this effectively in primary and secondary care.
Human security and casualty counting in Ulster: Towards a peaceful and just solution
Authors: Browne Sally
Published: November 2021

The Troubles have spread heartbreak and misery across Northern Ireland, mainland Britain, and Europe for 50 years, claiming the lives of thousands and victimizing tens of thousands. With each death, physical, and psychological injury there are stories of a father, son, brother, sister, daughter, and mother. Human security encapsulates the lives of these people and examines their experiences front and center, and for the first time this sentiment will be adopted in an academic paper to analyze casualty counting in Northern Ireland. This study demonstrates that the Northern Irish Troubles are not just suitable for casualty recording but are also in desperate need of it, as current casualty recording facilities are inadequate in tackling victimization and providing closure to grief-stricken families. This paper analyzes the theoretical aspects of casualty counting and inspects human rights laws in Northern Ireland, seeking to remedy current issues of victim hierarchies in database inclusions, incomplete timelines, and limited accessibility to records, in order to provide Troubles victims with the recognition and answers they yearn for. The overarching theme of this study is that effective casualty recording is a steppingstone to bridging the community divide in Northern Ireland, bringing accountability and ultimately ending the war.
"I Got This!" a Comprehensive Framework for Customer Behaviour During a Pandemic Crisis
Authors: Kordrostami Melika , Kordrostami Elika
Published: November 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected everyone's lives in various ways. The current qualitative exploratory study is conducted to shed light on how the pandemic has impacted people's lives. By analysing the results of fifteen indepth interviews, we offer a coherent conceptual framework
which explains the negative emotions that people are dealing with at the time of a pandemic crisis. Self-affirmation theory is used to show how individuals feel at the time of a crisis and how they make different behavioural and emotional decisions to sustain their perceived self-integrity.
The framework also demonstrates the different routes people take to sail through those hardships and conquer negativities. Specifically, the presented model shows that people deal with negativities such as denial, uncertainty, anxiety, and concerns and try to overcome these through changes
in priorities, hope, taking control and being in charge, and self-awareness.
Acoustic wave coupling between optical fibers of different geometries
Authors: Kim Jee Myung , Marashi Cameron , Wee Junghyun , Peters Kara
Published: November 2021

In this study, we investigate coupling of acoustic guided waves from
different types of input fibers, through a bonded coupler, to an
optical fiber. These acoustic waves can then be detected with
conventional fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). The input waves are measured
using a high-resolution 3D laser Doppler vibrometer, and the output
waves in the optical fiber are measured using an FBG. We demonstrate
that the wave coupling between two waveguides varies with the
cross-sectional area and the modulus of elasticity of the fibers.
Speed enhancement of dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry by using direct spectral phase extraction method
Authors: Dembele Vamara , Kheiryzadehkhanghah Saeid , Hwang Gukhyeon , Kim Daesuk
Published: November 2021

A rapid direct spectroscopic ellipsometric parameter extraction algorithm for computational speed enhancement of dynamic spectroscopic ellipsometry is described. The proposed direct spectral phase calculation method can provide a faster spectral phase extraction capability than a Fourier transform-based approach, while maintaining the same level of accuracy as that based on the Fourier transform method. We analyze some additional benefits and limitations of the proposed direct computational method in terms of enlarged

Δ
(
λ
)

measurement spectral range and precision optimization.
Coupling a single NV center to a superconducting flux qubit via a nanomechanical resonator
Authors: Li Xin-Ke , Ma Sheng-Li , Ren Ya-Long , Xie Ji-Kun , Li Fu-Li
Published: November 2021

We investigate the hybrid quantum system of a superconducting flux qubit, a single electronic spin associated with a negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond, and a high-quality magnetized nanomechanical resonator (NAMR). It is shown that the quantized motion of the NAMR can strongly couple to both the NV spin and the flux qubit. We estimate that the coupling strength of the NAMR to both the NV spin and the flux qubit can be about

2
π
×
100

kHz, which is one order of magnitude larger than direct spin–qubit coupling. This enables the quantum state transfer to be faster and more robust against decoherence. The present work may provide an appealing way for quantum information processing based on hybrid solid-state quantum systems.
Herriott cell enhanced SMF-coupled multi-scalar combustion diagnostics in a rapid compression expansion machine by supercontinuum laser absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Fendt Peter , Brandl Michael , Peter Andreas , Zigan Lars , Will Stefan
Published: November 2021

A novel supercontinuum laser absorption spectroscopy (SCLAS) approach combining a planar external Herriott multi-pass cell (HMPC) with fully single-mode fiber (SMF) coupling is presented for broadband multi-scalar combustion measurements in a rapid compression expansion machine (RCEM). For the HMPC, 1-dimensional refractive index gradients occurring in the RCEM combustion chamber are analyzed via ray-tracing with respect to axial and vertical beam steering. The impact of beam steering on the SCLAS signal is compared with the ray-tracing analysis and high-speed flame luminosity images. SCLAS based measurements are presented during compression, auto-ignition and combustion in the RCEM for n-heptane/methane mixtures at varied AFR (air-fuel ratio) and n-heptane/EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) mixtures at temperatures exceeding 1800 K and pressures up to 80 bar. Simultaneous temperature and mole fraction courses of H2O, CH4, and CO2 are inferred from NIR (near-infrared) broadband absorbance spectra detected by a Czerny Turner spectrometer (CTS) in a spectral range of 1374 nm to 1669 nm. The multi-pass approach with SMF coupling, which avoids multi-mode fiber induced noise, allows for high-speed multi-species SCLAS measurements with low standard deviations; for temperature this amounts to about 5 K and partially below at a temporal resolution of 25 µs.
Genetic-algorithm-aided ultra-broadband perfect absorbers using plasmonic metamaterials
Authors: Mayer Alexandre , Bi Hai , Griesse-Nascimento Sarah , Hackens Benoit , Loicq Jérome , Mazur Eric , Deparis Olivier , Lobet Michaël
Published: November 2021

Complete absorption of electromagnetic waves is paramount in today’s applications, ranging from photovoltaics to cross-talk prevention into sensitive devices. In this context, we use a genetic algorithm (GA) strategy to optimize absorption properties of periodic arrays of truncated square-based pyramids made of alternating stacks of metal/dielectric layers. We target ultra-broadband quasi-perfect absorption of normally incident electromagnetic radiations in the visible and near-infrared ranges (wavelength comprised between 420 and 1600 nm). We compare the results one can obtain by considering one, two or three stacks of either Ni, Ti, Al, Cr, Ag, Cu, Au or W for the metal, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) for the dielectric. More than 1017 configurations of geometrical parameters are explored and reduced to a few optimal ones. This extensive study shows that Ni/PMMA, Ti/PMMA, Cr/PMMA and W/PMMA provide high-quality solutions with an integrated absorptance higher than 99% over the considered wavelength range, when considering realistic implementation of these ultra-broadband perfect electromagnetic absorbers. Robustness of optimal solutions with respect to geometrical parameters is investigated and local absorption maps are provided. Moreover, we confirm that these optimal solutions maintain quasi-perfect broadband absorption properties over a broad angular range when changing the inclination of the incident radiation. The study also reveals that noble metals (Au, Ag, Cu) do not provide the highest performance for the present application.
Dark mode-in-the-box for enhanced second-harmonic generation in corrugated waveguides
Authors: Fehrembach Anne-Laure , Renaud François , Popov Evgeny , Tortel Hervé , Monmayrant Antoine , Gauthier-Lafaye Olivier , Calvez Stéphane
Published: November 2021

A numerical study of second-harmonic generation (SHG) in cavity resonator integrated grating filters (CRIGFs) shows extraordinary strong conversion rates in planar corrugated waveguides based on lithium niobate layers, not exceeding 625 µm in length. The key idea is to couple to the dark mode of the structure at the pump frequency that has a Q-factor much stronger than the bright mode commonly used. This is achieved by shifting the grating coupler between the enclosing Bragg mirrors, resulting in an asymmetric structure. Three asymmetric structures are proposed: without any matching, with impedance matching and with indirect phase matching through an additional pair of gratings. They offer respectively increasing conversion rates of η=4.31 × 10−3 W-1, 0.149 W-1 and 2.38 W-1, which compared to a symmetric CRIGF (η=7.12 × 10−6 W-1) offer respectively more than 2, 4 and 5 orders of magnitude improvement of the conversion rate.
Josephson oscillations of edge quasi-solitons in a photonic-topological coupler
Authors: Bazhan Nataliia , Malomed Boris , Yakimenko Alexander
Published: November 2021

We introduce a scheme of a photonic coupler built of two parallel topological-insulator slab waveguides with the intrinsic Kerr nonlinearity, separated by a lattice spacing. Josephson oscillations (JOs) of a single edge quasi-soliton (QS) created in one slab, and of a pair of QSs created in two slabs, are considered. The single QS jumping between the slabs is subject to quick radiative decay. However, the JOs of the co-propagating QS pair may be essentially more robust, as one QS absorbs dispersive waves emitted by the other. The most robust JO regime is featured by the pair of QSs with phase shift π between them.
FTIR multispectral imaging of P/Al-doped silica glass preforms prepared by MCVD in combination with the high temperature evaporation of AlCl3
Authors: Lindner F. , Aichele C. , Kriltz A. , Scheffel A. , Bartelt H. , Wondraczek K.
Published: November 2021

For high power fiber lasers, codoping with Al, P or both is necessary to prevent rare earth (RE) clustering in the silica network of the laser active core material. Here, we present a complementary infrared (IR) based multispectral method combined with elemental analysis data on core/cladding to describe the structure of the doped core material as fabricated by chemical vapor deposition with gas phase doping of Al and P. The resulting 2D image and its corresponding 3D visualization of the data enable an alternative and convenient way to characterize the main species of the dopants aside from NMR measurements.
Household and climate factors influence Aedes aegypti presence in the arid city of Huaquillas, Ecuador
Authors: Martin James L. , Lippi Catherine A. , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. , Ayala Efraín Beltrán , Mordecai Erin A. , Sippy Rachel , Heras Froilán Heras , Blackburn Jason K. , Ryan Sadie J.
Published: November 2021

Arboviruses transmitted by Aedes aegypti (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, Zika) are of major public health concern on the arid coastal border of Ecuador and Peru. This high transit border is a critical disease surveillance site due to human movement-associated risk of transmission. Local level studies are thus integral to capturing the dynamics and distribution of vector populations and social-ecological drivers of risk, to inform targeted public health interventions. Our study examines factors associated with household-level Ae. aegypti presence in Huaquillas, Ecuador, while accounting for spatial and temporal effects. From January to May of 2017, adult mosquitoes were collected from a cohort of households (n = 63) in clusters (n = 10), across the city of Huaquillas, using aspirator backpacks. Household surveys describing housing conditions, demographics, economics, travel, disease prevention, and city services were conducted by local enumerators. This study was conducted during the normal arbovirus transmission season (January—May), but during an exceptionally dry year. Household level Ae. aegypti presence peaked in February, and counts were highest in weeks with high temperatures and a week after increased rainfall. Univariate analyses with proportional odds logistic regression were used to explore household social-ecological variables and female Ae. aegypti presence. We found that homes were more likely to have Ae. aegypti when households had interruptions in piped water service. Ae. aegypti presence was less likely in households with septic systems. Based on our findings, infrastructure access and seasonal climate are important considerations for vector control in this city, and even in dry years, the arid environment of Huaquillas supports Ae. aegypti breeding habitat.
Past and future epidemic potential of chikungunya virus in Australia
Authors: White Timothy , Mincham Gina , Montgomery Brian L. , Jansen Cassie C. , Huang Xiaodong , Williams Craig R. , Flower Robert L. P. , Faddy Helen M. , Frentiu Francesca D. , Viennet Elvina
Published: November 2021

Background

Australia is theoretically at risk of epidemic chikungunya virus (CHIKV) activity as the principal vectors are present on the mainland Aedes aegypti) and some islands of the Torres Strait (Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus). Both vectors are highly invasive and adapted to urban environments with a capacity to expand their distributions into south-east Queensland and other states in Australia. We sought to estimate the epidemic potential of CHIKV, which is not currently endemic in Australia, by considering exclusively transmission by the established vector in Australia, Ae. aegypti, due to the historical relevance and anthropophilic nature of the vector.

Methodology/Principal findings

We estimated the historical (1995–2019) epidemic potential of CHIKV in eleven Australian locations, including the Torres Strait, using a basic reproduction number equation. We found that the main urban centres of Northern Australia could sustain an epidemic of CHIKV. We then estimated future trends in epidemic potential for the main centres for the years 2020 to 2029. We also conducted uncertainty and sensitivity analyses on the variables comprising the basic reproduction number and found high sensitivity to mosquito population size, human population size, impact of vector control and human infectious period.

Conclusions/Significance

By estimating the epidemic potential for CHIKV transmission on mainland Australia and the Torres Strait, we identified key areas of focus for controlling vector populations and reducing human exposure. As the epidemic potential of the virus is estimated to rise towards 2029, a greater focus on control and prevention measures should be implemented in at-risk locations.
Robust fuzzy sliding mode controller for a skid-steered vehicle subjected to friction variations
Authors: Mehmood Yasir , Aslam Jawad , Ullah Nasim , Alsheikhy Ahmed A. , Din Emad Ud , Iqbal Jamshed
Published: November 2021

Skid-steered vehicles (SSV) are gaining huge importance in the market due to their applications like construction, agricultural work, material handling etc. The accuracy of performing such tasks require a robust control algorithm. The design of such controller is very challenging task due to external disturbances caused by wheel-ground interaction and aerodynamic effects. This paper proposes robust fractional and integral order fuzzy sliding mode controllers (FSMC, FFSMC) for a skid-steered vehicles with varying coefficient of friction and a displaced center of gravity (CG). FFSMC controller reduces the outcome of forces generated as a result of ground tire interaction during skidding and friction variations. The proposed controllers are implemented for a four-wheel SSV under high-speed turning motion. A simulation environment is constructed by implementing the SSV dynamics with wheel-road model and the performance of the proposed algorithms is tested. The simulation test is conducted for a Pioneer-3AT (P-3AT) robot SSV vehicle with displaced CG and variable coefficient of tires friction. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed FFSMC algorithm in term of reduced state errors and minimum chattering. The proposed controller compensates the effect of different responses of the wheels generated as a result of variable CG. The chattering phenomenon generated by conventional SMCs is also minimized by fuzzy tuning approach.
Isolation of extra-cellular vesicles in the context of pancreatic adenocarcinomas: Addition of one stringent filtration step improves recovery of specific microRNAs
Authors: Xu Yi-Fan , Xu Xiaohui , Bhandari Kritisha , Gin Amy , Rao Chinthalapally V. , Morris Katherine T. , Hannafon Bethany N. , Ding Wei-Qun
Published: November 2021

microRNAs (miRNA) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been investigated as potential biomarkers for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, a mixed population of EVs is often obtained using conventional exosome isolation methods for biomarker development. EVs are derived from different cellular processes and present in various sizes, therefore miRNA expression among them is undoubtedly different. We developed a simple protocol utilizing sequential filtration and ultracentrifugation to separate PDAC EVs into three groups, one with an average diameter of more than 220 nm, named operational 3 (OP3); one with average diameters between 100–220 nm, named operational 2 (OP2); and another with average diameters around 100 nm, named operational 1 (OP1)). EVs were isolated from conditioned cell culture media and plasma of human PDAC xenograft mice and early stage PDAC patients, and verified by nanoparticle tracking, western blot, and electronic microscopy. We demonstrate that exosome specific markers are only enriched in the OP1 group. qRT-PCR analysis of miRNA expression in EVs from PDAC cells revealed that expression of miR-196a and miR-1246, two previously identified miRNAs highly enriched in PDAC cell-derived exosomes, is significantly elevated in the OP1 group relative to the other EV groups. This was confirmed using plasma EVs from PDAC xenograft mice and patients with localized PDAC. Our results indicate that OP1 can be utilized for the identification of circulating EV miRNA signatures as potential biomarkers for PDAC.
The transfer temperature from slow cooling to cryogenic storage is critical for optimal recovery of cryopreserved mammalian cells
Authors: Kilbride Peter , Meneghel Julie , Fonseca Fernanda , Morris John
Published: November 2021

Cryopreservation is a key step for the effective delivery of many cell therapies and for the maintenance of biological materials for research. The preservation process must be carefully controlled to ensure maximum, post-thaw recovery using cooling rates slow enough to allow time for cells to cryodehydrate sufficiently to avoid lethal intracellular ice. This study focuses on determining the temperature necessary at the end of controlled slow cooling before transfer to cryogenic storage which ensures optimal recovery of the processed cell samples. Using nucleated, mammalian cell lines derived from liver (HepG2), ovary (CHO) and bone tissue (MG63) this study has shown that cooling must be controlled to -40°C before transfer to long term storage to ensure optimal cell recovery. No further advantage was seen by controlling cooling to lower temperatures. These results are consistent with collected differential scanning calorimetry data, that indicated the cells underwent an intracellular, colloidal glass transition between -49 and -59°C (Tg’i) in the presence of the cryoprotective agent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The glass forms at the point of maximum cryodehydration and no further cellular dehydration is possible. At this point the risk of lethal intracellular ice forming on transfer to ultra-low temperature storage is eliminated. In practice it may not be necessary to continue slow cooling to below this temperature as optimal recovery at -40°C indicates that the cells have become sufficiently dehydrated to avoid further, significant damage when transferred into ultra-low temperature storage.
Endovascular baroreflex amplification and the effect on sympathetic nerve activity in patients with resistant hypertension: A proof-of-principle study
Authors: van Kleef Monique E. A. M. , Heusser Karsten , Diedrich André , Oey P. Liam , Tank Jens , Jordan Jens , Blankestijn Peter J. , Williams Bryan , Spiering Wilko
Published: November 2021

Background

First in human studies suggest that endovascular baroreflex amplification (EVBA) lowers blood pressure (BP). To explore potential mechanisms for BP reduction, this study examines the effects of EVBA on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS).

Methods

In a single-center sub-study of the CALM-DIEM study (Controlling And Lowering blood pressure with the MobiusHD—Defining Efficacy Markers), 14 patients with resistant hypertension were treated with EVBA. Microneurography and non-invasive continuous BP measurements were performed at baseline and three months after MobiusHD implantation. The primary outcome was change in MSNA. Secondary outcomes were change in baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), cardiovascular responses to a sympathetic stimulus, BP, heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV).

Results

The primary endpoint was obtained in 10 of 14 patients enrolled in the sub-study. MSNA burst frequency and burst incidence decreased in 6 of 10 patients: mean change -4.1 bursts/min (95% confidence interval -12.2 to 4.0) and -3.8 bursts/100 heartbeats (-15.2 to 7.7). MSNA spike frequency and spike count decreased in 8 of 10 patients: mean change -2.8 spikes/sec (-7.3 to 1.8) and -3.0 spikes/heartbeat (-6.1 to 0.1). Change in MSNA and BP were not correlated. Office BP decreased by -14/-6 mmHg (-27 to -2/-15 to 3). We observed a trend towards decreased HR (-5 bpm, -10 to 1) and increased total power HRV (623 msec2, 78 to 1168). In contrast, BRS and cardiovascular responses remained unchanged after EVBA.

Conclusions

In this proof-of-principle study, EVBA did not significantly decrease MSNA in patients with resistant hypertension. EVBA did not impair baroreflex function.

Trial registration

Clinical trial registration at NCT02827032.
Prospective assessment of vacuum deliveries from midpelvic station in a tertiary care university hospital: Frequency, failure rates, labor characteristics and maternal and neonatal complications
Authors: Sugulle Meryam , Halldórsdóttir Erna , Kvile Janne , Berntzen Line Sissel Dahlgaard , Jacobsen Anne Flem
Published: November 2021

Background

Midpelvic vacuum extractions are controversial due to reports of increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and high failure rates. Prospective studies of attempted midpelvic vacuum outcomes are scarce. Our main aims were to assess frequency, failure rates, labor characteristics, maternal and neonatal complications of attempted midpelvic vacuum deliveries, and to compare labor characteristics and complications between successful and failed midpelvic vacuum deliveries.

Study design

Clinical data were obtained prospectively from all attempted vacuum deliveries (n = 891) over a one-year period with a total of 6903 births (overall cesarean section rate 18.2% (n = 1258). Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test or Chi-square test for group differences were used as appropriate. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are given as indicated. The uni- and multivariable analysis were conducted both as a complete case analysis and with a multiple imputation approach. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Attempted vacuum extractions from midpelvic station constituted 36.7% (n = 319) of all attempted vacuum extractions (12.9% (n = 891) of all births). Of these 319 midpelvic vacuum extractions, 11.3% (n = 36) failed and final delivery mode was cesarean section in 86.1% (n = 31) and forceps in the remaining 13.9% (n = 5). Successful completion of midpelvic vacuum by 3 pulls or fewer was achieved in 67.1%. There were 3.9% third-degree and no fourth-degree perineal tears. Cup detachments were associated with a significantly increased failure rate (adjusted OR 6.13, 95% CI 2.41–15.56, p< 0.001).

Conclusion

In our study, attempted midpelvic vacuum deliveries had relatively low failure rate, the majority was successfully completed within three pulls and they proved safe to perform as reflected by a low rate of third-degree perineal tears. We provide data for nuanced counseling of women on vacuum extraction as a second stage delivery option in comparable obstetric management settings with relatively high vacuum delivery rates and low cesarean section rates.
Car seat impact on driver’s sitting behavior and perceived discomfort during prolonged real driving on varied road types
Authors: Lantoine Pascaline , Lecocq Mathieu , Bougard Clément , Dousset Erick , Marqueste Tanguy , Bourdin Christophe , Allègre Jean-Marc , Bauvineau Laurent , Mesure Serge
Published: November 2021

Prolonged driving under real conditions can entail discomfort linked to driving posture, seat design features, and road properties like whole-body vibrations (WBV). This study evaluated the effect of three different seats (S1 = soft; S2 = firm; S3 = soft with suspension system) on driver’s sitting behavior and perceived discomfort on different road types in real driving conditions. Twenty-one participants drove the same 195 km itinerary alternating highway, city, country, and mountain segments. Throughout the driving sessions, Contact Pressure (CP), Contact Surface (CS), Seat Pressure Distribution Percentage (SPD%) and Repositioning Movements (RM) were recorded via two pressure mats installed on seat cushion and backrest. Moreover every 20 minutes, participants rated their whole-body and local discomfort. While the same increase in whole-body discomfort with driving time was observed for all three seats, S3 limited local perceived discomfort, especially in buttocks, thighs, neck, and upper back. The pressure profiles of the three seats were similar for CP, CS and RM on the backrest but differed on the seat cushion. The soft seats (S1 & S3) showed better pressure distribution, with lower SPD% than the firm seat (S2). All three showed highest CP and CS under the thighs. Road type also affected both CP and CS of all three seats, with significant differences appearing between early city, highway and country segments. In the light of these results, automotive manufacturers could enhance seat design for reduced driver discomfort by combining a soft seat cushion to reduce pressure peaks, a firm backrest to support the trunk, and a suspension system to minimize vibrations.
Construction and potential application of bacterial superoxide dismutase expressed in Bacillus subtilis against mycotoxins
Authors: Dong Xueqian , Wang Wei , Jiang Tianyi , Zhang Yanmin , Han Hongyu , Zhang Yonggang , Yang Chunyu
Published: November 2021

Oxidative stress, which could be evoked by numerous inducements including mycotoxins like deoxynivalenol (DON), cause severe damages to organisms. Antioxidants are promising protectants against oxidative stress that could be applied in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food and feed industries. In this study, a thermostable and acidophilic superoxide dismutase (AaSOD) was used to develop an antioxidant product that can potentially protect organisms from oxidative stress related damages. The enzyme was successfully expressed as an extracelluar protein in Bacillus subtilis with a high yield. To obtain a feasible protocol for industrial production of AaSOD, the fermentation mediums that are commonly used for culturing B. subtilis were screened, the feasibility of expressing AaSOD without antibiotic as selection pressure was confirmed, and the effect of using lactose as an inducer instead of isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactoside (IPTG) was investigated. Batch fermentation was conducted to validate the optimized conditions for AaSOD production, and 6530 U mL-1 of SOD activity was obtained in the fermentation broth. The dry powder product of AaSOD with an activity of 22202 U g-1 was prepared by spray-drying and was administrated on zebrafish to test its function as a protectant against DON, and thus gained a significant redress of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation induced by DON. Taken together, this study provides a feasible protocol to prepare the AaSOD-based antioxidant product that is potentially applied in livestock industry.