bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larvicide effects of Bacillus sp isolated from soil against fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Kusuma Handayani  , Suciani Miftahul Janah  , Christina Nugroho Ekowati  , Mohammad Kanedi
Published: March 2023

Prolonged use of pesticides was known to have a negative impact on the environment, health, and living organisms. Therefore alternative pest control techniques need to be developed continuously. One pest eradication techniques that is believed to be safe for the environment is biological control. This study intended to evaluate the toxicity properties of 7 different isolates suspension of Bacillus sp. isolated from soil in a botanical garden in West Lampung against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Morphological characterization of protein crystals which are toxic to insects contained in the suspension was carried out microscopically at a magnification of 1000x. Then, each isolate suspension was tested for its toxicity properties on the 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiverda. The protein crystal morphology of the Bacillus sp isolate coded TB7 was similar to that of L. sphaericus. While the other six isolates (TMA 26, TBA 4, TBA 7, TB 5, BP 14, and TSR 6) had morphological characteristics similar to that found in the B. thuringiensis. The results of larvicide test showed that Bacillus sp isolates coded TMA 26, TBA 7, BP 14 and TB 5 caused mortality on day 3. TBA 4 isolates killed larvae on day 4, while isolates coded TSR 6 and TB 7 killed larvae on day 5. In conclusion, Bacillus sp isolate isolated from soil has toxic properties to the larvae of S frugiperda. So it is suggested that the bacterial isolate Bacillus sp can be used as a biological control agent for insect pests.
ANALISA METODE AHP UNTUK PENETAPAN PRIORITAS PERBAIKAN MESIN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK PADA PT. PLN (PERSERO) UP3 AMBON
Authors: Adila Rifda Hudzaifah , Lawalata Victor O. , Paillin Daniel B.
Published: March 2023

Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk dan peningkatan kebutuhan ekonomi akan berdampak pada pertumbuhan di semua sektor penggerak ekonomi yang berakibat pada peningkatan kebutuhan listrik. PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Ambon merupakan salah satu UP3 di bawah naungan PT PLN (Persero) Unit Induk Wilayah Maluku dan Maluku Utara yang memiliki 18 PLTD isolated. Dari keseluruhan mesin yang dimiliki UP3 Ambon, terdapat 3 mesin yang termasuk dalam daftar usul hapus yang terdiri dari beberapa merek dan type mesin diesel. Pada PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Ambon terdapat beberapa sistem dalam kondisi defisit daya yang berakibat terjadinya pemadaman di area tersebut. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya pasokan listrik, penyebabnya yaitu kerusakan pada mesin diesel sehingga tidak menyalurkan produksi listrik secara maksimal. Keterbatasan anggaran untuk pengadaan mesin diesel baru merupakan kendala yang dihadapi. Di sisi lain, terdapat mesin eksisting dalam daftar usul hapus dengan kondisi gangguan berat yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Ditambah lagi dengan regulasi PLN pusat terkait moratorium/penundaan terhadap penghapusan aset sampai dengan batas waktu yang tidak ditentukan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukannya prioritas perbaikan mesin pembangkit menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Terdapat 2 kriteria untuk menyusun bobot penilaian serta terdapat 3 alternatif mesin yang akan dijadikan prioritas perbaikan. Pada pengolahan AHP didapatkan hasil bahwa urutan penetapan mesin yang perlu dilakukan perbaikan adalah Mesin 3, Mesin 1, dan Mesin 2.
A Study on the Real Estate Policy of the New Government in View of Public Land Law
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Yoon Jinah
Published: March 2023

The newly launched government announces its new real estate policy that plays an important role in the success or failure of the new government. Launched on May 10, 2022, the Yoon Seok-yeol government set “Korea Leaps Again, a Country of the People Living Together” as its national vision and selected 110 national tasks to implement them. Among them, “[Promise 02] We will correct real estate policy from the public's perspective” said that it will improve the housing finance system, such as expanding housing supply, realizing housing stability through market function recovery, normalizing real estate tax for stable housing, and providing tight and strong housing welfare. In addition, “[Promise 17] We will build a bridge of hope to support the dreams of young people,” it promised to provide customized support such as housing to young people. After that, the National Housing Stability Realization Plan was announced to embody these national tasks. In this article I summarized the “five strategies for realizing national housing stability” proposed by the government and analyzed the countermeasures for pending real estate market issues embodied at the 3rd real estate-related ministers’ meeting. And then I tried to examine what real estate policies the new government has prepared and how they are embodied, and review regulations related to the new government’s real estate policies.
Herausforderung und Bewährung des Rechtsstaats in der Corona-Pandemie am Beispiel des Grundrechtsschutzes
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Klement Jan Henrik
Published: March 2023

Die Schutzwirkungen von Rechtsstaat und Grundrechten wurden in der Corona-Pandemie kontinuierlich ausgelotet. Die Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit als funktionale Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit nahm bei der rechtlichen, auch: verfassungsrechtlichen Bewältigung der Corona-Pandemie eine zentrale Rolle ein. In ihrer Rechtsprechung zeigten (und zeigen) sich stärker die Probleme und Konfliktlinien, die es in der Corona-Politik gab, als dies in der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts der Fall ist. Die Verwaltungsgerichte zeigten sich dabei zu politisch unliebsamen Entscheidungen, zur kritischen Reflektion der Pandemieentwicklung im Recht und in der Folge zu Rechtsprechungsänderungen bereit. Sie ließen dem Rechtssetzer Spielräume, ohne auf ihre Kontrolle zu verzichten. Dass die Gerichte der Bundesländer die maßgeblichen Akteure waren, führte zwar zu einer gewissen Unübersichtlichkeit der Rechtslage vor allem für die allgemeine Öffentlichkeit. Gleichzeitig zeigte sich dadurch aber auch der Wert und die Wirksamkeit des föderalen Rechtsstaats.
The Legislation Related to International Exchange and Status of Local governments in Japan
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Chae Woo-Suk
Published: March 2023

This article provides an overview of how Japan's central government is promoting internationalization by arranging major laws related to international exchange and cooperation. In addition, this paper reviews the current status of legislation and specific policies related to international exchange of local governments in Japan. In a situation where vitality is gradually losing in various fields such as culture and economy, I would like to gain some insights from Japan's experience on how to revitalize local communities. Most local governments in Japan do not have local ordinances. Despite such legislative inadequacies, it has been steadily implementing internationalization policies based on a systematic organization and budget with a long history and experience.
An Examination of the Deregulation of Urban Planning System from the Perspective of Public Land Law
Authors:   Korean Public Land Law Association, Han Sang Hoon
Published: March 2023

Urban Planning System provide not only the cornerstone of needs satisfaction for individual citizen’s desire to enjoy better living environment but predictability about the maintenance of basic order of the city’s future developments and changes. Urban Planning System means regulation framework for the interactions between various entities in the process of establishing, approving, and implementing Urban Planning. For this reason Urban Planning System is influenced by the structural characteristics of the System of Urban Planning. Urban Planning System is a regulation which has strong police power governing every citizen’s daily activities throughout urban planning established by the given process and procedure based on legal basis. In general, regulations in National Land and Urban Planning have four different characteristics. First, National Land and Urban Planning is oriented to land use regulation. Second, National Land and Urban Planning cover a wide range of regulation subjects. Third, National Land and Urban Planning have a strong relationship between people’s daily activities. Fourth, National Land and Urban Planning regulation used to include both of social and economic regulations. Development of Urban Planning System depends on not only the performance of the improvement of quality of life for individual citizen but also the condition of the improvement of public welfare including efforts for enhancing various urban spaces. Therefore, it is an urgent problem for the revision of regulation in urban planning that how to control and to harmonize the quality of life for individual citizen and public welfare. Finally, this study suggests that Urban Planning System should be regulated by public interest because Urban Planning aims to implement public welfare and improve quality of life of ordinary people.
Analysis of Ash Contents in Wheat Flour by The Gravimetric Method
Authors: Kinanthi Pangestuti Elisabeth , Darmawan Petrus
Published: March 2023

Wheat flour is flour derived from seeds wheat which goes through the process of washing, stripping the husks, milling and bleaching until it forms a smooth and white flour. Ash content is an inorganic substance in wheat flour that does not burn out and does not evaporate during the combustion process. Ash content can be used to evaluate the nutritional value of a food ingredient and show the total minerals contained in that material which can be toxic, where the higher the ash content, the worse the quality of the food ingredient. The maximum ash content in wheat flour as a food ingredient according to SNI 3751: 2018 is 0.70%. The determination of the ash content in wheat flour was carried out by the gravimetric method (SNI 3751: 2018), which is to digest the organic components of the sample at high temperature in the furnace without a flame until gray-white ash is formed and a constant weight is achieved. The results of the analysis of wheat flour showed that the ash content in sample A was 0.46%, sample B was 0.58%, sample C was 0.57%, and sample D was 0.63%. From the results obtained, the four samples of wheat flour based on their ash content met the SNI 3751: 2018 requirements.
AbstrakTepung terigu merupakan tepung yang berasal dari biji gandum yang telah dicuci, dikupas sekamnya, digiling, dan diputihkan (bleaching) sampai terbentuk tepung terigu yang berwarna putih dan halus. Kadar abu merupakan zat anorganik di dalam tepung terigu yang tidak habis terbakar dan tidak menguap dalam proses pembakaran. Kadar abu dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi nilai gizi bahan pangan serta menunjukkan total mineral yang dapat bersifat toksik yang terkandung dalam bahan tersebut, dimana semakin tinggi kadar abu akan semakin buruk kualitas bahan pangan tersebut. Kadar abu maksimal pada tepung terigu sebagai bahan makanan menurut SNI 3751:2018 adalah sebesar 0,70%. Penentuan kadar abu dalam tepung terigu dilakukan dengan metode gravimetri (SNI 3751:2018), yaitu mendestruksi sampel pada suhu tinggi di dalam furnace tanpa terjadi nyala api sampai membentuk abu yang berwarna putih keabuan dan tercapainya bobot konstan. Hasil analisis tepung terigu pada sampel A didapatkan kadar abu sebesar 0,46%, sampel B sebesar 0,58%, sampel C sebesar 0,57%, dan sampel D sebesar 0,63%. Dari hasil yang didapatkan, keempat sampel tepung terigu tersebut berdasarkan kadar abunya memenuhi persyaratan SNI 3751:2018.
Review : Equation Study of Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms on Adsorption of Heavy Metal Fe (II) with Zeolite and Activated Carbon from Biomass
Authors: Sariana Sarana Miri Noviana , Narimo
Published: March 2023

Zeolite and activated carbon can be used as adsorbent of metal ion Fe(II). The activation of zeolite and activated carbon was carried out with various acid and alkaline solutions. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the equation of the Langmuir isotherm and the Freundlich isotherm on the absorption of an adsorbate, namely metal ion Fe (II) by natural and synthetic zeolites and activated carbon made from biomass sourced from the relevant literature. Determination of the appropriate adsorption isotherm pattern is done by entering the research data into the empirical formula of the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The equation in Langmuir is 1/q = 1/qm.b . 1/Ce + 1/qm, where to determine the Langmuir isotherm equation it is necessary to find the values of 1/qm.b and 1/qm. The equation in Freundlich is 1/q = 1/qm.b . 1/Ce + 1/qm, where to determine the Freundlich isotherm equation it is necessary to find the value of log k and 1/n. The sought price can be obtained by graphing by plotting 1/q versus 1/Ce for Langmuir and log x/m versus log Ce for Freundlich. The largest maximum capacity of the Langmuir isotherm is 10.19 mg/g using a zeolite (synthetic) adsorbent. And the largest maximum capacity on the Freundlich isotherm is 182.9 mg/g using activated carbon as adsorbent (button mangrove stem biomass).

AbstrakZeolit dan karbon aktif dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai adsorben ion logam Fe (II). Pengaktivasian zeolit dan karbon aktif dilakukan dengan berbagai larusan asam dan larutan basa. Tujuan dalam literature review ini adalah untuk mengetahui persamaan isoterm Langmuir dan isoterm Freundlich pada penyerapan suatu adsorbat yaitu ion logam Fe (II) oleh zeolit alam maupun sintetis dan karbon aktif yang terbuat dari biomassa yang bersumber pada literature yang relevan. Penentuan pola isoterm adsorpsi yang sesuai dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan data hasil penelitian ke dalam rumus empiris persamaan Langmuir dan Freundlich. Persamaan pada Langmuir yaitu 1/q = 1/qm.b . 1/Ce + 1/qm, dimana untuk menentukan persamaan isoterm Langmuir perlu dicari harga 1/qm.b dan 1/qm. Persamaan pada Freundlich yaitu 1/q = 1/qm.b . 1/Ce + 1/qm, dimana untuk menentukan persamaan isoterm Freundlich perlu dicari harga log k dan 1/n. Harga yang dicari dapat didapatkan dengan cara membuat grafik dengan mengeplotkan 1/q versus 1/Ce untuk Langmuir dan log x/m versus log Ce untuk Freundlich. Kapasitas maksimum terbesar pada isoterm Langmuir yaitu 10,19 mg/g dengan menggunakan adsorben zeolit (sintesis). Dan Kapasitas maksimum terbesar pada isoterm Freundlich yaitu 182,9 mg/g dengan menggunakan adsorben karbon aktif (biomassa batang bakau kancing).
Antiproliferative effect of thymoquinone on human colon cancer cells: Is it dependent on glycolytic pathway?
Authors: ÖZKOÇ Mete , MUTLU ALTUNDAG Ergul
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT

Purpose: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effect and metabolic activity of thymoquinone (TQ) on colon cancer cells (HCT-116).

Material and Methods: Cell viability was determined by MTT analysis. Cells were treated with different concentrations of TQ (40, 60, 80, 100, 150, and 200 µM) on HCT-116 cells and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated by using the CompuSyn software program. In addition, glucose and lactate concentrations were measured from cell culture supernatants for RPMI medium, control and TQ (IC50 dose) groups. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 7.

Results: Thymoquinone was found to be antiproliferative particularly in 40-200 µM concentrations. The IC50 concentration of TQ was calculated as 68 µM. Glucose levels of supernatants were 478, 384±8.5 and 412±19.7 mg/dL in RPMI medium, control and TQ group, respectively. Lactate levels were found as 20±3.5 µM in the control group and 8±1.1 µM in TQ group.

Conclusion: The present study showed that TQ has an antiproliferative effect on HCT-116 in addition to its inhibitory effect on a glycolytic pathway.
β-hydroxybutyrate does not influence viability and clonogenicity of A549 lung cancer cells
Authors: ÖZKAYA Ali Burak , MALCANLI Senanur , GONUL GEYİK Oyku
Published: March 2023

Background/Purpose: The metabolic shift from catabolism of carbohydrates to lipids results in production of ketone bodies leading to a state called ketosis. Ketosis via ketone supplement or ketogenic diet has been proposed as a non-toxic therapeutic option for a broad range of malignancies. Although the clinical impact of ketogenic diet is well-documented, the effect of ketone bodies on cancer cell biology is not clear for some cancers including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effects of the most prominent ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate, on a NSCLC cell line, A549.

Methods: A549 cell line was utilized as the in vitro model in this study. The effects of different β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations on cell viability were measured via sulforhodamine-B (SRB) viability assay. Long term effects of ketosis were evaluated via colony formation assay. Finally, the effect of β-hydroxybutyrate on cell migration was determined via scratch assay.

Results: Our results suggest that introduction of β-hydroxybutyrate in physiologically relevant concentrations into the cell culture media does not influence cell viability, clonogenicity or migration.

Conclusion: β-hydroxybutyrate has been previously demonstrated to induce, inhibit or does not influence the viability of different cell lines but there is no report regarding its effects on NSCLC cells. Here we report that physiologically relevant concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate have no effect on viability, clonogenicity and migration of A549 cells.
Infertility Prevalence and Associated Factors among Women in Seoul, South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lee Hyun Joo , Han Jung Yeol , Choi Han Zo , Na Baeg Ju
Published: March 2023

Background: Infertility is not only a health problem that affects individuals but also a social problem that affects families, societies, and populations. Recently, although infertility rates have been increasing in Korea, there are few studies on this. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of infertility among Korean women attempting to conceive and factors associated with this. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2019. Participants accessed the website of the Seoul Metropolitan Government, gave their consent to the study, and then answered the questionnaire. A total of 2274 women preparing for pregnancy were recruited and their data were analyzed. Results: Among the 2274 women, 443 (19.48%) were infertile. Of these infertile women, 320 (72.2%) had primary infertility and 123 (27.8%) had secondary infertility. The average period of primary infertility was 1.7 ± 1.1 years, whereas the period of secondary infertility was 2.2 ± 1.5 years. The average age of non-infertile and infertile women was 31.9 ± 3.2 years and 33.2 ± 3.8 years, respectively, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed various risk factors for infertility (educational level, social drinking, insomnia, bulimia, artificial abortion, and spontaneous abortion) that were statistically significant. Employment, anorexia, depression, and irregular menstruation showed a marginal significance. However, in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, age ≥35 years, body mass index ≥23, and a history of artificial abortion were significant risk factors for infertility. Conclusions: This study identified the prevalence of infertility in Seoul and the associated factors of women’s infertility. Further research is necessary to identify clinical and male-specific variables related to infertility. These studies are expected to be of great help to prevent infertility and increase the birth rate.
Differential expression of FOXQ1 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public and published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding forkhead box Q1, FOXQ1, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. FOXQ1 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of FOXQ1 in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in rectal cancer patients whose tumors were relatively enriched with regulatory T cells. FOXQ1 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Climate change and COVID-19: shared challenges, divergent perspectives, and proposed collaborative solutions
Authors: Wahaj Zujaja , Alam Md. Mahmudul , Al-Amin Abul Quasem
Published: March 2023

Pandemics leave their mark quickly. This is true for all pandemics, including COVID-19. Its multifarious presence has wreaked havoc on people's physical, economic, and social life since late 2019. Despite the need for social science to save lives, it is also critical to ensure future generations are protected. COVID-19 appeared as the world grappled with the epidemic of climate change. This study suggests policymakers and practitioners address climate change and COVID-19 together. This article offers a narrative review of both pandemics' impacts. Scopus and Web of Science were sought databases. The findings are reported analytically using important works of contemporary social theorists. The analysis focuses on three interconnected themes: technology advancements have harmed vulnerable people; pandemics have macro- and micro-dimensions; and structural disparities. To conclude, we believe that collaborative effort is the key to combating COVID-19 and climate change, while understanding the lessons learnt from the industrialised world. Finally, policymakers can decrease the impact of global catastrophes by addressing many socioeconomic concerns concurrently.
Financial factors influencing environmental, social and governance ratings of public listed companies in Bursa Malaysia
Authors: Alam Md. Mahmudul , Tahir Yasmin Mohamad , Saif-Alyousfi Abdulazeez Y. H. , Waehama Wanamina , Muda Ruhaini , Nordin Sabariah
Published: March 2023

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) ratings are widely recognised methods to assess the sustainability practices of corporations. However, the scores of these ratings are not satisfactory in emerging market economies. This study examines the financial factors that influence ESG ratings regarding public listed companies on the FTSE4 Good Bursa Malaysia Index (F4GBM Index). This paper uses static and dynamic Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) techniques to analyse the data of 31 public listed companies on the F4GBM Index and reported full ESG ratings data for the period 2007-2016. To utilise the maximum number of observations by avoiding the missing data and outlier due to COVID-19, this study applied the sample data up to 2016. Using the two-step system dynamic GMM estimator, such results indicate that highly profitable Malaysian companies enjoy a higher score for ESG overall ratings as well as all three individual ratings. Poorer credit management diminishes the environmental ratings, yet increases overall scores such as the social and governance scores. Companies with higher leverage have a weaker social, governance and overall score, but a higher environmental rating. Finally, companies eliciting a higher sustainable growth rate have weak governance and overall scores. This study provides empirical evidence that will be useful to capital market investors, management teams of these companies and policymakers in their efforts to promote responsible investment in Malaysian public listed companies in line with UN-PRI policy.
ATP and the nonequilibrium wonderland of biology (Chapter 1)
Authors: Zuckerman Daniel
Published: March 2023

This chapter introduces key principles of nonequilibrium science. Nonequilibrium phenomena are everywhere around us, and inside us, because any system that takes in (or gives off) energy or matter is out of equilibrium. The chapter focuses on the molecule ATP, famously the "fuel" of the biological cell, which gains its capacity to do work not from its chemical structure but from the cell's continual investment of energy to keep ATP out of equilibrium with its hydrolysis products. Using only basic algebra, the chapter illustrates the use of ATP to power what otherwise would be unfavorable cellular processes, including biosynthesis, transport, and signaling. The analogous molecule GTP enables error correction (proofreading) in the synthesis of proteins.
Differential expression of AQP8 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding aquaporin 8, AQP8, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. AQP8 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of AQP8 in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer whose tumors are relatively depleted of macrophages. AQP8 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Providing the Ichushi-Web Bibliographies to WHO COVID-19 Research Database: Corona-related information service during pandemic disasters.
Authors: makishi mari , Kurosawa Toshinori , Matsuda Mami
Published: March 2023

Three years after we began living through an unprecedented infectious disease epidemic at the end of 2019, our world is still heavily affected by the novel coronavirus. Compared to the beginning of the epidemic, when there was no information at all, researchers and health care workers around the world have been sharing information and examining the characteristics of this virus and infection prevention and treatment measures in order to respond to this situation. Preprints are also being used as the fastest route for information distribution, and research information on novel coronaviruses, in particular, is circulating at an explosive volume and speed. New tools such as the LitCovid, the iSearch COVID-19 portfolio, and the WHO COVID-19 Research Database(WHO COVID-19 RDB), which collect and provide information specific to novel coronavirus infection, have also appeared. This article introduces the activities of providing the Ichushi-Web bibliographies to the WHO COVID-19 RDB and what I realized from these experiences, as well as an overview of this database.
Zat gizi makro
Authors: PUTRI ASNITA
Published: March 2023

Zat gizi adalah senyawa dari makanan yang digunakan tubuh untuk fungsi fisiologis normal. Definisi yang luas ini mencakup senyawa yang digunakan langsung untuk produksi energi yang membantu dalam metabolisme (koenzim), untuk membangun struktur tubuh atau untuk membantu dalam sel tertentu. Suatu zat gizi sangat penting untuk organisme dalam kelangsungan siklus hidup dan terlibat dalam fungsi organisme (Novita Wijayanti, 2017). Zat Gizi Makro adalah makanan utama yang membina tubuh dan memberi energi. Zat gizi makro dibutuhkan dalam jumlah besar dengan satuan gram (g). Zat gizi makro terdiri atas karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein (Kuspriyanto Susilowati, 2016).
Differential expression of PDE9A in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding phosphodiesterase 9A, PDE9A, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. PDE9A mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. PDE9A expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Differential expression of CA1 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined public microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding carbonic anhydrase 1, CA1, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. CA1 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CA1 in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer with high neoantigen load. CA1 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
Differential expression of PLK1 in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of death and colorectal cancer is among the most lethal cancers (1, 2). We mined published microarray datasets (3, 4) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the level of the transcriptome genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). We found significant differential expression of the gene encoding polo-like kinase 1, PLK1, when comparing colorectal tumors to the tissue of origin, the colon. PLK1 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in tumors of the colon as compared to normal colorectal tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of PLK1 in rectal tumors was correlated with overall survival in patients with rectal cancer. PLK1 expression changes may be important for the initiation or progression of human CRC.
The Development of Social Perception Networks in Low- and Middle-Income Infants: Longitudinal Assessments of fNIRS Background Functional Connectivity
Authors: Di Lonardo Burr Sabrina Michelle , Pirazzoli Laura , Dopierała Aleksandra Anna Wiktoria , Bejjanki Vikranth R , Nelson Charles A. , Emberson Lauren
Published: March 2023

Shortly after birth, human infants demonstrate behavioural selectivity to social stimuli. However, the neural underpinnings of this selectivity are largely unknown. Here we examine patterns of functional connectivity to determine how regions of the brain interact while processing social stimuli and how these interactions change during the first two years of life. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we measured functional connectivity at 6 (n = 183) and 24 (n = 123) months of age in infants from Bangladesh who were exposed to varying levels of environmental adversity (i.e., low- and middle-income cohorts). We employed a background functional connectivity approach that regresses out the effects of stimulus-specific variables known to affect functional connectivity. At 6 months, the two cohorts had similar fNIRS patterns, with moderate connectivity estimates for regions within and between hemispheres. At 24 months, the patterns diverged for the two cohorts. Global (brain-wide) connectivity estimates increased from 6 to 24 months for the low-income cohort and decreased for the middle-income cohort. In particular, connectivity estimates among regions of interest (ROIs) within the right hemisphere decreased for the middle-income cohort, providing evidence of neural specialization by two years of age. These findings provide insights about the impact of early environmental influences on functional brain development relevant to the processing of social stimuli.
If not me, then who? Responsibility and replacement
Authors: Wu Sarah A , Gerstenberg Tobias
Published: March 2023

How do people hold others responsible? Responsibility judgments are affected not only by what actually happened, but also by what could have happened if things had turned out differently. Here, we look at how replaceability -- the ease with which a person could have been replaced by someone else -- affects responsibility. We develop the counterfactual replacement model, which runs simulations of alternative scenarios to determine the probability that the outcome would have differed if the person of interest had been replaced. The model predicts that a person is held more responsible, the more difficult it would have been to replace them. To test the model's predictions, we design a paradigm that quantitatively varies replaceability by manipulating the number of replacements and the probability with which each replacement would have been available. Across three experiments featuring increasingly complex scenarios, we show that the model explains participants' responsibility judgments well in both social and physical settings, and better than alternative models that rely only on features of what actually happened.
Heterogeneous Effects of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) on Undocumented College Students’ Educational Outcomes
Authors: Okura Keitaro , Hsin Amy , Aptekar Sofya
Published: March 2023

We investigate why prior studies examining the effects of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) on undocumented youth’s college outcomes in the United States have yielded mixed findings. We draw on unique administrative data from the City University of New York (CUNY) at the time of DACA’s implementation and utilize difference-in-difference estimation to examine DACA’s effects on undocumented students’ college GPA and interruptions to their college progress. We find that DACA’s effects on the educational outcomes of undocumented students enrolled in college were heterogeneous: It had as negative effect on those who, prior to the policy, were academically high performing and taking on a heavy courseload, while it had no significant impact on low academic performers and those maintaining a light courseload. We offer a plausible explanation for this finding: DACA’s newfound legal employment opportunities may have incentivized undocumented youth who were previously focused on schooling to seek out employment. In contrast, DACA may have had little impact on low achievers because they were more likely to be already working. While our study is unable to directly identify employment status, our finding that academically achieving students were negatively affected by DACA suggests that the liminal legality experienced by undocumented 1.5 generation youth has a substantive impact on their educational integration and assimilation trajectories. We contend that stopgap programs like DACA that offer contingent rights do not result in unalloyed positive benefits because they do not address undocumented youth’s underlying legal precarity.
Firm-specific Variables and Net Interest Margin in Nepalese Banks
Authors: Lamichhane Pitambar
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the impact of firm-specific variables on net interest margin in Nepalese commercial banks for the period 2005/06-2018/19. Secondary source data were collected through NRB and data have been analyzed using descriptive and causal comparative research design. In this paper, net interest margin is used as dependent variable and bank-specific variables such as size of assets, deposit ratio, loan ratio, and capital ratio are considered as explanatory variables. The estimated correlation results of the paper reveal that equity capital, bank loans and deposits are positively related with net interest margin of Nepalese commercial banks. Moreover, the regression results of this paper indicate that equity capital, bank lending and deposits have significant impact on net interest margin of banks. Finally, this paper concludes that bank loans and deposit have strong explanatory power to explain net interest margin as profitability in Nepalese commercial banks. Policy makers are suggested to formulate sound bank policies and to adopt effective strategies to increase the size of bank deposits as well as bank lending to maximize the profitability (net interest margin) in Nepalese commercial banks.
5G NR Network Planning Analysis using 700 Mhz and 2.3 Ghz Frequency in The Jababeka Industrial Area
Authors: Kirang Achmad , Hikmaturokhman Alfin , Ni'amah Khoirun
Published: March 2023

This research designed a 5G NR network using 700 MHz and 2.3 GHz frequencies with 30 MHz bandwidth in the Jababeka industrial area covering an area of 5600 hectares. The Propagation Model used by Urban Macrocell (UMa) in non line of sight (NLOS) conditions according to 3GPP TR 38901 standard with Synchronization signal-reference signal received power (SS-RSRP) and Synchronization Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SS-SINR) parameters. Coverage prediction simulation using Atoll 3.4 consists of 4 scenarios. Scenario 1 uses a frequency of 2.3 GHz downlink, scenario 2 uses a frequency of 2.3 GHz uplink, scenario 3 uses a frequency of 700 MHz downlink and scenario 4 uses a frequency of 700 MHz uplink. Parameters analyzed were signal strength (SS-RSRP > -110 dBm) and signal quality (SS-SINR > 5 dB). The simulation results of scenario 1 get a signal strength of 61% and signal quality of 73.71% from the Jababeka area. Scenario 2 gets 100% for signal strength and 75.35% for signal quality. Scenario 3 gets a signal strength of 72.27% and signal quality of 85.30%. Scenario 4 shows a signal strength of 100% and signal quality of 71.04% from the Jababeka area. Planning with a frequency of 700 MHz shows that the signal strength and signal strength parameters are better than the 2.3 GHz frequency, making it suitable for 5G networks in the Jababeka area. The findings of this study are intended to help Indonesian cellular operators plan and deploy their 5G network.
Фотоядерные исследования: достоверность результатов экспериментов: учебное пособие / В.В. Варламов, А.И. Давыдов, В.Н. Орлин. – М.: «КДУ», «Добросвет», 2023. – 86 c.
Authors: Варламов В.В. , Давыдов А.И. , Орлин В.Н.
Published: March 2023

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, бакалавров, магистрантов и аспирантов Кафедры общей ядерной физики Физического факультета МГУ, а также соответствующих кафедр других ВУЗов. Цель учебного пособия – познакомить всех интересующихся физикой атомных ядер и механизмами ядерных реакций с разными способами получения экспериментальных данных по фотоядерным, в первую очередь, фотонейтронным реакциям. Обсуждаются особенности экспериментов, выполненных на различных пучках γ–квантов. Рассматриваются существенные систематические погрешности результатов таких экспериментов, намного превышающие по величине достигнутые статистические погрешности. С помощью объективных физических критериев достоверности данных о сечениях реакций (γ, 1n), (γ, 2n) и (γ, 3n) проанализированы результаты экспериментов для ~50 ядер от 51V до 209Bi, полученные на пучках квазимоно-энергетических аннигиляционных фотонов. Показано, что во многих случаях систематические погрешности полученных сечений реакций велики, и экспериментальные данные не удовлетворяют объективным физическим критериям достоверности. Описан экспериментально-теоретический метод оценки сечений реакций, удовлетворяющих таким критериям. Установлены причины систематических расхождений нескольких типов, обусловленных как определенными недостатками использованного метода разделения фотонейтронов по множественности, так и особенностями применявшихся детекторов нейтронов. Представлены новые оцененные достоверные сечения парциальных реакций (γ, 1n), (γ, 2n) и (γ, 3n), а также полной фотонейтронной реакции (γ, 1n)+(γ, 2n)+(γ, 3n), включенные в международную электронную базу данных по ядерным реакциям МАГАТЭ.
The stages of formation of the department of bowed string instruments of the Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music
Authors: Polianska Kateryna
Published: March 2023

The paper analyzes the stages of formation of the department of bowed string instruments of the Ukrainian National Tchaikovsky Academy of Music. The importance of the continuity of generations, of artistic and educational achievements is emphasised. The main milestones in the evolution of different schools of play on bowed string instruments, which during the 20th century were formed at the department, are given. Particular attention is paid to the work of prominent Ukrainian bowed string performers, the evolution of their art and scientific and methodological concepts. Today, the department actively works on the development of scientific and methodological manuals, educational, as well as professional, which deal with the performance on bowed string instruments in the context of higher professional education. At the same time, the systematic concert and performance activities of students and professors of the department gain wide popularity.
The Ukrainian projects at the Manifesta 14 and Ars Electronica: the problem of subjectivity in the cultural and political context of the war
Authors: Chepelyk Oksana
Published: March 2023

The article raises issues of the subjectivity of Ukrainian art and culture, in particular in its theoretical and practical aspects, which was developed by the artistic projects of Ukrainian authors, implemented abroad during the war within the framework of representative art forums and exhibitions of Manifesta 14, Ars Electronica, EDAF and others.
The purpose of the article is the formation of professional awareness of the practices of Ukrainian contemporary art regarding the problem of the subjectivity of Ukraine on the international arena, through the prism of critical thinking and sensitivity in the cultural and political context of the war, for the sake of modern cultural creation, as well as to facilitate further research studies, of the Ukrainian art projects, implemented abroad during the war within the framework of representative art forums and exhibitions, for their full involvement in the national art discourse.
The process of struggle for the subjectivity of Ukraine both within the country and on the international arena is explored.
The methodology of the study consists in theoretical and field research on the topic of the subjectivity of Ukrainian art and in the author’s experiments development. The main method is a comprehensive and systematic approach to highlighting issues of subjectivity in culture and art, visual and photometric methods, analysis of concepts, of the artistic realizations, of the relationship between content and form, contexts and discourses.
The concept of sensitivity was involved, which includes feelings of empathy and solidarity. The peculiarities of the Ukrainian projects’ presentations within the framework of the top forums of contemporary art were explored, including Manifesta Biennale 14 with the theme «It matters what worlds world worlds: how to tell stories otherwise», Festival for Art, Technology and Society Ars Electronica with the theme «Welcome to Planet B: A different life is possible. But how?» and EDAF, which served as a training ground for the formation of the subjectivity of Ukrainian contemporary art.
The case studies were researched of projects by such Ukrainian artists: Stanislava Pinchuk, Alevtina Kakhidze, Oksana Chepelyk, Daria Pugacheva, Danyil Revkovskyi, Andriy Rachinskyi, the art group Sviter and Ivan Svitlychnyi, fantastic little splash, Oleksandr Burlaka and DE NE DE, shown within the framework of representative art exhibitions.
The role of the curator and the artist as an agent of the subjectivity of Ukrainian contemporary art in the cultural and political context of the war have been analyzed.
Given the fact that the basis of the interaction between contemporary art and the audience is discursive, the signs of the blurred subjectivity of Ukraine are revealed and the prospects for the establishment of Ukraine as an independent subject of culture in the system of global forces are outlined.
The actual discourse of boychukizm: illustration cycle by B. Blank and M. Fradkin 1935
Authors: Sydor Oleg
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted of detailed of analysis of the illustrative cycle of the two Ukrainian artists, followers of the Boychuk school — Ber Blank (1897–1957) and Moses Fradkin (1904–1974) to the famous novel «The Legend of Thyl Ulenspiegel and Lamme Goedzak» (1867) by Belgian novelist Charles De Coster. Their graphic interpretation is both reflection of the totalitarian contradictions of their era and challenge to its conventions. Their actual discourse is not devoid of doom: they are contemporaries of Stalinist dictatorship, they are also its victims. But they are trying metaphorically show horror of their time, embodied, for example, in the torture of the Inquisition, the persecution of dissidents. Subsequent illustrators of that novel were not so pessimistic (especially, Evgeniy Kibrik, in the future — the brilliant illustrator of Nikolay Gogol and Romain Rolland), but they paid more attention to Thyl Ulenspiegel, informal Flanders rebel leader. However, illustrative cycle of Ber Blank and Moses Fradkin is rather a novel without a hero. They prefer to depicts crowds of people engulfed in suffering (as it was accepted at Boychuk’s school). There is little resistance to the invaders, which feels doomed in 1930s. But much attention is paid to the denunciation to the representatives of the clergy (they were especially persecuted by Soviet power). It is interesting that the artists also ignored comic element of Coster’s novel, which was discovered by artists of the post-war era based on the theory of laughed culture of Mikhail Bakhtin. However, illustrative cycle of Blank and Fradkin is not only monument of its time. Long before the Second World War and Holocaust, they already foresaw the world catastrophes on the material of the European history of XVIth century. At same time, they did not abandon of expressive and decorative style characteristic of their teachers, and even continued this style, slightly modifying.
Ukraine’s civilizational offer to the world. Ideas of the noosphere and cosmic worldview in Ukrainian art of the XX–XXI centuries
Authors: Klymenko Oleksandr
Published: March 2023

The war in Ukraine, which is unfolding against the background of unprecedented and threatening climate changes, a colossal economic crisis and the escalation of tension between the “big players”, has caused new systemic challenges for our country and the world. We must look for extraordinary answers and offer unusual solutions, because traditional and outdated will not be able to solve anything. How to avoid a lifelong confrontation with Russia once and for all? What is the most important civilizational offer of Ukraine to the world? What can be a guarantee of a happy future for our country? Reflecting on these important questions, we offer an unexpected solution — a decisive turn and social movement towards noospheric-cosmic consciousness. This kind of thinking has long been inherent in the natural self-awareness of the inhabitants of Ukraine, and even the very theory of the noosphere was developed by the Ukrainian scientist Volodymyr Vernadskyi. How are these ideas intuitively reflected in Ukrainian art since the beginning of the 20th century? It is proposed to outline the main principles and approaches and some conceptual essays about approx.