bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meninjau Kembali Nasionalisme Kita
Authors: Wahyudi Wendi Ahmad
Published: October 2018

Banyak hal-hal yang menarik menghiasi pertambahan umur Indonesia yang ke 72 tahun. Dimulai dari pertarungan DKI 1 yang mengarah pada menguatnya ego sektoral dan merebaknya isu SARA. Kejadian ini –disadari atau tidak– seperti mempertontonkan kemunduran yang begitu jauh hingga seperti berlari ke masa sebelum terjadinya peristiwa Sumpah Pemuda. Selanjutnya muncul peristiwa penyerangan terhadap Novel Baswedan dan pembentukan Pansus hak angket KPK yang notabene ini cenderung upaya-upaya pelemahan terhadap KPK –walaupun cuitan FH tentang AR seyogyanya juga perlu dipertimbangkan. Selain itu juga muncul polemik terkait Perppu No. 2 Tahun 2017 tentang Organisasi Kemasyarakatan (Ormas) yang bagi sebagian kalangan Perppu ini seperti menjadi senjata pemerintah untuk mematikan ormas-ormas yang akan mengganggu pemerintah, dan di pihak lain menyatakan bahwa Perppu tersebut hanya sekedar mempercepat proses hukum penanganan ormas yang bertentangan dengan ideologi Pancasila. Dari rentetan peristiwa tersebut, puncak dari penghantar menuju usia Indonesia yang ke 72 terjadi pada persitiwa upacara peringatan kemerdekaan yang dilaksanakan di Istana Merdeka yang dihadiri oleh mantan presiden dan wakil presiden Indonesia. Walaupun sebenarnya hal itu lumrah saja, namun tidak untuk sebuah peristiwa kehadiran dua mantan presiden yang sebelumnya tak pernah duduk bersama di momen upacara peringatan kemerdekaan ditahun-tahun sebelumnya. Itulah yang membuat peristiwa itu menghebohkan. Ditambah lagi dengan bumbu lain yang datang dari kubu yang memposisikan diri sebagai oposisi pemerintah. Kubu ini melaksanakan upacara peringatan kemerdekaan di Cibinong –yang boleh dikatakan sebagai upacara tandingan. Dua upacara ini seperti mentasbihkan persaingan dua kubu elit nasional yang kemungkinan akan bertarung di 2019.Itulah sedikit hiasan pengiring yang mewarnai perjalanan usia ke 72 tahunnya Indonesia. Setelah kita dihantarkan oleh hiasan pengiring perjalanan Indonesia menuju 72 tahun, mari kita menelik ke Indonesia-nya bukan lagi tentang hiasan-hiasannya. Peringatan hari jadinya Indonesia seharusnya tak bisa dilepaskan dari sebuah proses introspeksi diri segenap warga negara Indonesia dan pemerintahnya, ketimbang hanya sebuah ceremonial belaka yang menjadi rutinitas tahunan kita. Layaknya sebuah proses introspeksi diri, terlebih dahulu kita harus mencari acuan yang menjadi tempat berpijak kita untuk melakukan introspeksi. Untuk itu mari kita kembali membuka sejarah bangsa ini, mulai dari munculnya ide kebangsaan (nasionalisme) sampai akhirnya memilih menjadi negara yang merdeka yang akan menjadi acuan kita untuk mengintrospeksi diri.
Fruits of the Buddhism-Science Dialogue in Contemplative Research
Authors: Hasenkamp Wendy
Published: October 2018

The modern mindfulness movement rests largely on the twin pillars of scientific investigation and Buddhist philosophy of mind. However, in its current form and application, the scientific study of meditation is celebrated while the Buddhist roots of these practices and modes of investigation are often obscured. This paper highlights the utility and value of Buddhist ideas in the context of studying the mind in various domains of contemplative science. The role of Buddhism in the development of this field is discussed, as well as major areas of current influence, including neurophenomenology, subjective experience, attention, self, and the cultivation of prosocial qualities.
Open Science as a Better Gatekeeper for Science and Society: A Perspective from Neurolaw
Authors: Chuan-Peng Hu , Jiang Xiaoming , Jeffrey Ricky , Zuo Xi-Nian
Published: October 2018

Results from cognitive neuroscience have been cited as evidence in courtrooms around the world, and their admissibility has been a challenge for the legal system. Unfortunately, the recent reproducibility crisis in cognitive neuroscience, showing that the published studies in cognitive neuroscience may not be as trustworthy as expected, has made the situation worse. Here we analysed how the irreproducible results in cognitive neuroscience literature could compromise the standards for admissibility of scientific evidence, and pointed out how the open science movement may help to alleviate these problems. We conclude that open science not only benefits the scientific community but also the legal system, and society in a broad sense. Therefore, we suggest both scientists and practitioners follow open science recommendations and uphold the best available standards in order to serve as good gatekeepers in their own fields. Moreover, scientists and practitioners should collaborate closely to maintain an effective functioning of the entire gatekeeping system of the law.
Reconsidering the roots, structure, and implications of gambling motives: An integrative approach
Authors: Barrada Juan Ramón , Navas Juan F. , de Lara Cristian M. Ruiz , Billieux Joel , Devos Gaetan , Perales José C.
Published: October 2018

Accurately identifying motives is crucial in the functional analysis of gambling behavior. In this study, a data-driven approach was followed to clarify the factor structure underlying a pool of motives for gambling, selected from the Gambling Motives Questionnaire – Financial (GMQ-F), and the Reasons for Gambling Questionnaire (RGQ), in a sample of regular problem and non-problem gamblers. Additionally, the role of gambling motives in the relationship between root behavioral activation/inhibition systems (BIS/BAS) and gambling severity, frequency, and preferences was explored using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results show that motives variance was best explained by the existence of four factors: financial motives, social motives, affect regulation, and fun/thrill. Importantly, gambling to regulate affect was directly and independently associated with gambling severity. Only the fun/thrill factor was directly related to frequency of participation in high-arousal, skill-based games, whereas all factors were related to participation in lower-arousal, chance games (with social motives negatively predicting both participation in the latter and total severity). Finally, in the SEM model, measures of BIS/BAS sensitivity were connected to gambling behavior only through gambling motives. In summary, in contrast with previous, theory-driven factorizations, there seems to be no clear-cut separation between positive and negative reinforcement-driven motives, and an affect regulation factor emerged as the only one directly associated with the risk of gambling disorder. In accordance with this dual composition, the affect regulation motives factor appears to be fueled by both BIS and BAS. Based on mesures of items’ specificity, a shortened Spanish scale (the brief Gambling Motives Inventory, bGMI) is proposed to assess gambling motives in accordance with the observed 4-factor structure.
Income and Income Inequality as Social Determinants of Health. Do Social Comparisons Play a Role?
Authors: Präg Patrick , Mills Melinda C. , Wittek Rafael
Published: October 2018

Two of the most prominent phenomena in the study of social determinants of health, the socio-economic gradient in health and the income inequality–health association, have both been suggested to be explainable by the mechanism of status comparisons. This, however, has rarely ever been tested in a direct fashion. In this article, we explicate and test this mechanism by assessing the role of social comparison orientation. Research has shown that individuals vary in their propensity to engage in social comparisons, and those with a higher propensity are also more likely to be affected by the outcomes of such comparisons. In our analysis, we check whether the tendency to compare one’s income to that of others can contribute to explaining socio-economic disparities in health. Using individual-level data (N = 18,356) from 23 European countries on self-rated overall health and psychological well-being, we show that a high-income comparison orientation neither moderates the negative effect of income inequality on health nor the health differences by relative income. Our findings cast doubt on the crucial role that researchers such as Wilkinson and Pickett (2010) have attributed to the mechanism of status differentiation as the link between social stratification and health outcomes.
Portuguese refugee law in the European context: the case of sexuality-based claims
Authors: Ferreira Nuno
Published: October 2018

Portugal’s migration history has been extensively explored in academic literature, including in legal scholarship. Yet, very little attention has so far been directed towards Portuguese refugee law. This may be due to the relatively low number of asylum seekers that Portugal receives, but that does not justify neglecting the study of the Portuguese socio-legal framework applicable to asylum seekers and refugees. This article addresses this gap by analyzing the framework in a European context, enhancing the analysis with a case study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, and intersex (LGBTI) asylum seekers. The analysis explores the evolution of the current legal framework, the procedures and remedies available to asylum seekers, the substantive standards applied in decision-making, and the broader socio-legal resources offered to asylum seekers. Several shortcomings and possible avenues of improvement are also identified.
Varieties of Indigeneity in the Americas
Authors: Torche Florencia , Telles Edward
Published: October 2018

We examine sources of indigenous identity in the two countries with the largest indigenous populations in the Western Hemisphere—Mexico and Peru.We find that the size of the indigenous population varies dramatically depending on the measure of indigeneity used, and that using multiple measures captures distinct modes of indigeneity. Using latent class analysis, we find that contemporary indigenous classification clusters around four types, which we characterize as Traditional Indians, Indigenous Mestizos, New Indians, and Non-Indigenous. Traditional Indians tend to be indigenous on virtually all indicators, and they are especially poor, dark, and rural. Indigenous Mestizos tend to speak an indigenous language, but self-identification as indigenous is tenuous. New Indians assert an indigenous identity despite their frequent lack of linguistic knowledge and close indigenous ancestry, andthey are as urban, educated, and light-skinned as the Non-Indigenous. The analysis addresses sociological concepts of ethnic boundaries, assimilation, mestizaje, and symbolicethnicity and discusses the implications of distinct modes of indigenous ethnicity.
All Keynesian Now? Public Support for Countercyclical Government Borrowing
Authors: Barnes Lucy , Hicks Timothy
Published: October 2018

In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, macroeconomic policy returned to the political agenda, and the influence of Keynesian ideas about fiscal stimulus rose (and then fell) in expert circles. Much less is known, however, about whether and when Keynesian prescriptions for countercyclical spending have any support among the general public. We use a survey experiment, fielded twice, to recover the extent to which UK respondents hold such countercyclical attitudes. Our results indicate that public opinion was countercyclical — Keynesian — in 2016. We then use Eurobarometer data to estimate the same basic parameter for the population for the period 2010-2017. The observational results validate our experimental findings for the later period, but also provide evidence that the UK population held procyclical views at the start of the period. Thus, there appear to be important dynamics in public opinion on a key macroeconomic policy issue.
Working children in Europe: a socio-legal approach to the regulation of child work
Authors: Ferreira Nuno
Published: October 2018

Since the beginning of the 2008 economic crisis, reports of child work across Europe have increased. This article looks into the European Union (EU) legal framework that applies to children who work, and offers a socio-legal analysis of child work regulation more generally. In so doing, it considers the role of a range of factors relevant to the regulation of child work, including children’s rights, cultural relativism, social constructions of childhood, empirical evidence of the benefits and harm of child work, and the different contexts in which children are found working. The article advances a justification for a restrictive approach in relation to child work in the European context, on the basis of legal, social, economic and cultural factors.
The Turn to Artificial Intelligence in Governing Communication Online
Authors: Gollatz Kirsten , Beer Felix , Katzenbach Christian
Published: October 2018

Presently, we are witnessing an intense debate about technological advancements in artificial intelligence(AI) research and its deployment in various societal domains and contexts. In this context, media andcommunications is one of the most prominent and contested fields. Bots, voice assistants, automated (fake)news generation, content moderation and filtering – all of these are examples of how AI and machinelearning are transforming the dynamics and order of digital communication.On 20 March 2018 the Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society together with the non-governmental organisation Access Now hosted the one-day expert workshop “The turn to AI in governingcommunication online”. International experts from academia, politics, civil society and business gathered inBerlin to discuss the complex socio-technical questions and issues concerning subjects such as artificialintelligence technologies, machine learning systems, the extent of their deployment in content moderationand the range of approaches to understanding the status and future impact of AI systems for governingsocial communication on the internet.This workshop report summarises and documents the authors’ main takeaways from the discussions. Thediscussions, comments and questions raised and responses from experts also fed into the report. The reporthas been distributed among workshop participants. It is intended to contribute current perspectives to thediscourse on AI and the governance of communication.
Lepra, políticas sanitárias e controle social: isolamento e cotidiano na Lazarópolis Santo Antônio do Prata, Pará
Authors: Lopes Rhuan Carlos dos Santos
Published: October 2018

Analiso os remanescentes arquitetônicos da Colônia de Leprosos Santo Antônio do Prata, no estado do Pará, Amazônia brasileira. O debate considera o contexto nacional referente à política de combate à hanseníase, em específico, na primeira metade do século XX. O foco de análise recai sobre a organização espacial, em particular a arquitetura da instituição. Para isso, apliquei modelos de análise morfológico-espacial em dois pavilhões de internamento. Tais informações foram conjugadas com dados etnográficos e históricos. Argumento que a infraestrutura material da instituição foi constituída enquanto tecnologia de poder sobre os corpos dos grupos a ela submetidos, com objetivos de políticas de Estado que tinham como pressuposto o binômio reclusão e exclusão.
Spin-off use of adverse events data: why and how. The case of FDA’s MAUDE
Authors: Malataras Panagiotis , Pallikarakis Nicolas
Published: October 2018

Objectives: This paper attempts to measure the impact of the second stage exploitation of FDA’s MAUDE database on patient safety, technology assessment and other scientific fields.
 
Methods: Five bibliographic databases have been queried with the terms “Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience Database” and “FDA AND MAUDE”. A number of eligibility criteria where applied on the results, which led to a final group of 117 papers. An extensive study of these publications resulted to a number of interesting findings.
 
Results: The results concern the evolution of the database exploitation over time, and are examined according to the device groups that the identified papers are referring to, the research goals of these papers, the reasons that led the authors of these papers to use MAUDE data and finally how these data were used within their research methodology.
 
Conclusions: Patient safety and technology assessment are two of the scientific fields on which MAUDE database has the greatest impact. On average, more than 10 peer-reviewed papers each year involve MAUDE data as a mean to reach their research goals. This proves that MAUDE is an exploitable and valuable data source for research in these scientific fields.
JUST AND EQUAL TREATMENT IN POLYGAMOUS MARRIAGE:THE PRACTICE IN THE SHARIAH COURTS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Hak Nora Abdul
Published: October 2018

In Islam, a man may marry more than one woman, provided, as mentioned in the Qur’ān, some conditions are observed. The requirement of equal and fair treatment of the women is clearly emphasised, and it has to be based on just and equitable  principles as laid down by Islamic Law. Muslim jurists have laid down specific conditions for a man to take more than one wife. The man should have enough financial capacity to look after the needs of the women and they should be treated equally in fulfilling their rights such as maintenance and accommodation. If a man feels that he will not be able to treat the women with equality and justice, he should restrict himself to marrying only one woman. In Malaysia, the Shariah Court can only grant permission for a polygamous marriage if a man has satisfied the court that he has fulfilled the required conditions. Section 23 (4) of the Islamic Family Law Act in Malaysia provides that the husband must have sufficient means to support his wives and dependants, that he would be able to accord equal and fair treatment to them. There are many cases in the Shariah Court where applications to practise polygamy by men were dismissed for fear justice would not be served to the women. This paper is an observation on the practice of the Shariah Court in Malaysia in granting permission to applications for polygamous marriage, and examines briefly to what extent this requirement of equal and fair treatment is adhered to by the courts.
MAREVA INJUNCTION AS A PREVENTIVE RELIEF: THE MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Ali Zuraidah
Published: October 2018

Mareva injunction generally results from a successful application to freeze the assets of the defendant prior to trial. In Malaysia, the application for the Mareva injunction did not get a good start, on the ground that the Malaysian court had no jurisdiction to grant such relief. The legal remedy under the Debtors Act 1957, by way of attachment of property before judgment was also an obstacle to the introduction of the Mareva injunction. It was only in 1984, in the case of Zainal Abidin v. Century Hotel Sdn Bhd,1 that such an application was granted when Raja Azlan CJ held that Mareva injunction should be available in Malaysia to fulfill modern commercial need. This paper examines the development of the Mareva injunction and its implementation in Malaysia. The research methodology which is adopted in this paper is mainly case law analysis. There will also be a brief appraisal of the application of Mareva injunction from the Shariah perspective.
ṢULḤ (MEDIATION) IN THE STATE OF SELANGOR: AN ANALYSIS OF LEGAL PROVISION AND ITS APPLICATION
Authors: Ahmad Sa’odah Binti , Abdul Hak Nora Binti
Published: October 2018

The first part of the paper seeks to examine the relevant legal provisions of ṣulḥ in the State of Selangor Darul Ehsan. Thus, the provisions of ṣulḥ as provided for under the Islamic Family Law Enactment 2003 will be discussed and analysed. Other provisions under the Administration of Islamic Religious Enactment 2003, the Syariah Court Civil Procedure Enactment 2003 and the Civil procedure (ṣulḥ) Rules 2001 will also be examined to study the procedures and guidelines in conducting Majlis ṣulḥ. The qualification of ṣulḥ officer will be briefly discussed in the last part of the paper. The paper concludes by commending the initiative that has been taken by the Department of Syariah Judiciary of Selangor in introducing ṣulḥ which has been proven to be very effective in reducing excess cases in the State Syariah Courts.
ANALYSIS OF POLYGAMY PROVISION UNDER THE ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW (FEDERAL TERRITORIES) ACT 1984 WITH REFERRENCE TO THE QUR’ĀN AND SUNNAH
Authors: Fatah Yasin Raudlotul Firdaus Binti
Published: October 2018

Islam permits polygamy to preserve woman’s dignity and cares for the social moral and economic wellbeing of wives and orphans. Unfortunately, a number polygamous marriage among Muslims in Malaysia is dramatically misleading from both Islamic theories as well as principles. Hence, it has become a very controversial issue among its critics and supporters which resulting in serious criticism on the credibility of Islamic Family Law Act 1984.(ILLA) As a short term measure, a reform the IFLA has been suggested to focus more on specific legal mechanisms in curbing abuse of polygamy. In this paper the author attempts to analyze the synchronization of the IFLA in the light of Qur’an and Sunnah in order to suggest more effective, practical, and acceptable solutions in overcoming the issues and complying with the requirements by ‘following the real teaching in the revelation.’
UNDER-AGE MARRIAGE IN PLURALIST ASIA: AN ANALYSIS OF RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR LAWS OF SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors: Tandon Usha
Published: October 2018

In pluralistic and multi-religious Asia, South Asia is a region with a high incidence of under-age marriage amongst the developing countries of the world. The prevalence of early marriage in these countries, however, varies according to the geographical area or the existence of particular ethnic communities residing in that region. While such marriage takes different forms and has various causes, one concern is overriding, i.e., it results in multi-faced violation of the human rights of the child particularly the girl child. It is disheartening to mention that the practice of under-age marriage is prevalent in South Asia, despite the fact that these countries have laws prescribing minimum age of marriage. The customs, however, override the written laws and marriages are performed in gross violation of national laws.
SHARĪʿAH ISSUES IN THE OPERATION OF RETAKĀFUL AND REINSURANCE: A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION FROM SHARĪʿAH PERSPECTIVE*
Authors: Hasan Aznan
Published: October 2018

This article attempts at exploring various Sharīʿah issues related to the practice of takāful, retakāful, insurance and reinsurance and interaction between them in the practice of retakāful. It explores the practice of retakāful and its importance in modern takāful. The paper discusses the ruling disallowing takāful companies to cede part of their exposure to reinsurance companies on the premise of ḥājah and necessity. It also discusses the permissibility of allowing retakāful companies to accept ceding from conventional insurance. Various opinions, fatwa and rulings and other relevant issues have been analysed. It is found that these practices could be accepted subject to certain conditions. The paper argues that since they are allowed based on hājah and ḍarūrah, a revision should be conducted from time to time to ensure that the practice is really in compliance with this exceptional ruling.
OIL DISCHARGE BY SHIPS AS A FORM OF SECURITY THREAT IN MALAYSIAN PORTS
Authors: Syed Abdul Kader Sharifah Zubaidah , O. Abdulrazaq Abdulkadir
Published: October 2018

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 and some other conventions contain provisions concerning protection of marine environment that enjoy the support of many other regional, national and global institutions. Vessel- sourced pollution is one of the major sources of marine pollution that encompasses accidental as well as, intentional discharge of oil and chemicals, dumping, etc. The Malaysian legal framework requires the consent of the relevant authority for a discharge that is above the quantity allowed.  However, despite the fact that there have been numerous regulations on the pollution of the marine waters it appears that pollution by vessels is still on the increase. The legal framework stipulating conditions for discharge of oil at seas is well established in many jurisdictions like Malaysia, however, some of the legal regulations appear to be inadequate, thereby threatening the marine environment and causing irreparable damage. This paper recommends prior consent of the appropriate authority and a stiffer penalty for every discharge of oil by vessels in order to avert hazardous damage.        Keywords: ,
Ethical and Legal Issues in Medical Tourism
Authors: Wahed Hanis
Published: October 2018

In these days, millions of people, especially from developed countries, are travelling to other countries for medical treatment. This development is called ‘medical tourism’. Medical tourism is one of the lucrative industries that has expanded rapidly worldwide, including Malaysia. The development is due to factors such as seeking quality medical treatment at lower costs.  However, there are certain ethical and legal issues arising from the development of the industry.  These issues should be addressed because it may affect the development of medical tourism in the future.  Lack of legal recourse and lack of regulation are some examples of legal issues that are discussed in this paper.  The ethical issues include the quality of care for treatment provided by medical providers, lack of follow-up care for patients at their home countries, access to care for the local people at destination countries and the issue that arises from the treatment that is illegal in patients’ home countries.   The objective of this article is to examine these ethical and legal issues in order to assist the growth of the industry and the country’s economy in the future. This research is based on analysis of primary and secondary sources such as legislation, textbooks, and journal articles that relates to the medical tourism and issues arising from its development. The article concludes that these ethical and legal issues can be resolved by having a uniform medical tourism regulation.
Parental Child Abduction In Malaysia: Is Everything Right with Our Domestic Laws?
Authors: Md Salleh Anis Shuhaiza
Published: October 2018

Parental child abduction is an unacceptable and condemned act due to its bad implication caused especially on the child. Nevertheless, it was hard to charge parents for absconding or stealing their own child for a long accepted tradition and settled rule that both parents have equal rights over the child. Both would have justifications for their act to be considered as good and bad for the child even to the extent of abducting him or her from the other parent. However, as time passed, the laws particularly, family and criminal law, have also developed to face rapid changes in the family institution. The need to reform the laws for want of jurisdiction or lack of uniformity or adequacy of laws on a certain matter were among the result of the changes in family pattern.  Experience from cases showed that it was very hard for any parent to get back his or her child once the subject has been brought outside the country. Thus, this article is aiming at scrutinising the domestic laws of Malaysia, particularly the family and criminal laws on parental child abduction as well as its enforcement aspect by referring to the relevant provisions and the decided cases. Suggestions are provided to strengthen the law and its enforcement aspect, being a tool to prevent parental child abduction.
The Status of Shari’ah in the Nigerian Legal Education: An Appraisal of the Role of Madaris
Authors: Abdulqadir Ibrahim Abikan , Folorunsho Hussein Ahmad
Published: October 2018

The stiff competition between the English Common Law and the Shari'ah (Islamic Law) throughout the colonial administration in Nigeria to date, has created a gap between the need for expertise in Shari'ah in the nation’s social and judicio-legal environment and the level of training provided by the Nigerian legal education system. This article studies the gap and contends that the Shari'ah content of the curriculum of the institutions offering Common and Islamic Law in particular, is not sufficient to enable its graduates to suitably handle the legion of Islamic legal matters in all levels of courts and other social services in the country. The madaris (Islamic Basic Schools) that should provide basic education to the LL.B Shari'ah or LL.B Common and Islamic law students are disintegrated from the mainstream of the admission requirements for the undergraduate degree programs. It concludes that unless the string between the madÉris and the degree awarding institutions is connected, great disservice will continue to be done not only to the Islamic legal and judicial system but also to the cause of justice.
International Legal Personality of Prophet Muḥammad (pbuh)
Authors: Mohd. Kamal Mohd. Hisham
Published: October 2018

An international legal person is a subject of international law who enjoys rights, duties or powers in international law and the capacity to act on the international plane. Under modern international law, States are international persons, whereas private individuals are not. This article discusses whether Prophet Muḥammad (pbuh) of the religion of Islam was an international legal person. Evidence shows that his correspondences with other States and nations were in his name “Muḥammad ibn ‘Abdullāh” or “Muḥammad the Messenger of Allah,” and not as the head of the City-State of Medina. Was he recognised as such by the international community at that time? This work finds that Prophet Muḥammad (pbuh) was accepted by the international community during his time as an international legal person. His personality was due to his unique position as a prophet.
Whither Policing Cryptocurrency in Malaysia?
Authors: Zulhuda Sonny , Sayuti Afifah binti
Published: October 2018

Cryptocurrency, like Bitcoin, is a digital currency in which encryption techniques are used to regulate the generation of units of currency and verify the transfer of funds, operating independently of a central bank. It is an emerging financial technology enabled by innovation, increasingly popular among global Internet users, and more interestingly, it challenges the existing financial and regulatory rules on the currency and payment systems of the world today. On the other side, certain cryptocurrency like Bitcoin, have been actively used as payment tools for illicit transactions. Both the “promising” and "challenging" faces of cryptocurrency trigger causes for concern for policy makers, not only from financial sector, but also legal and technological sectors. The decentralised nature of cryptocurrency creates unique problems for the government to regulate or impose any regulatory requirements. This article argues that, in order for Malaysia to remain at the forefront of financial and digital innovation, it is timely to look at the question on whether to formulate certain policy and regulatory framework on the use of cryptocurrency in Malaysian market. The answer can pave the way for Malaysian digital citizens to potentially grab the opportunities made possible by the cryptocurrency technology. For this purpose, the researchers seek to study the features of cryptocurrency and the experiences from policymakers in other jurisdictions in dealing with the matter.
Comment je prends en charge la nutrition d’un patient en état de choc
Authors: Tamion F. , Bohé J.
Published: October 2018

La réponse métabolique à l’agression correspond à un ensemble de réactions à la base de l’adaptation de l’organisme aux nouvelles conditions. Ces modifications concernent des aspects métaboliques spécifiques comme le maintien de la masse protéique et/ou l’état des réserves énergétiques. L’une des principales difficultés de l’optimisation du support métabolique consiste à distinguer les changements métaboliques bénéfiques de ceux qui sont délétères pour l’organisme. Dans ce contexte, les objectifs thérapeutiques peuvent se limiter à une approche nutritionnelle s’attachant à limiter le déficit énergétique et les pertes protéiques et musculaires. Ils peuvent être plus ambitieux en essayant d’adapter les apports aux différents besoins d’un point de vue quantitatif comme qualitatif. La limitation du déficit énergétique semble être un objectif raisonnable à atteindre selon les données de la littérature. Enfin, essayer d’interférer avec la réponse métabolique à l’agression (immunomodulation, manipulations pharmacologiques des voies métaboliques, etc.) représente le degré d’intervention métabolique le plus élaboré et, si quelques données ont pu être encourageantes, il n’est pas possible d’affirmer que cet objectif soit complètement réaliste, voire même bénéfique. Les apports nutritionnels doivent être intégrés à la stratégie thérapeutique globale de prise en charge. La réponse optimale du support nutritionnel a pour but « de donner les moyens métaboliques » de la guérison.
SERVICE IMPROVEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION COMMUNITY-BASED (PAMSIMAS) IN INDRAGIRI HULU REGENCY
Authors: Herlinda Dwi
Published: October 2018

This research is about Strategy of Water  supply and  sanitations Community Based Sanitation (Pamsimas) In Indragiri Hulu Regency. This research is useful to find a solution. The problem in this research is that the pamsimas program, water service only fulfills <20% of service target facilities.that have been built not functioning optimally From 108 villages only 62 villages with well-built infrastructure and 23 partially functioning villages. Asmoko (2013) Fishbone analysis is a tool that is the only thing and the factors that cause it. This fishbone or fishbonediagram analysis shows the circumstances by looking at the effects and causes that contribute to this category with the categories of Labor, Machine, Methods, Materials, and Media. This study aims to find strategies for improvement and management that have been built. qualitative research with a Fishbond analysis approach. That will be OK to make a decision for. Based on the results of research the main cause in poor achievement of net service target of PAMSIMAS program is the weakness of human resources. The Strategy of Service Improvement and Success of PAMSIMAS Program with training.
Analisis Data Pembayaran Kredit Nasabah Bank Menggunakan Metode Data Mining
Authors: Melissa Ira , Oetama Raymond S.
Published: October 2018

Data mining adalah analisis atau pengamatan terhadap kumpulan data yang besar dengan tujuan untuk menemukan hubungan tak terduga dan untuk meringkas data dengan cara yang lebih mudah dimengerti dan bermanfaat bagi pemilik data. Data mining merupakan proses inti dalam Knowledge Discovery in Database (KDD). Metode data mining digunakan untuk menganalisis data pembayaran kredit peminjam pembayaran kredit. Berdasarkan pola pembayaran kredit peminjam yang dihasilkan, dapat dilihat parameter-parameter kredit yang memiliki keterkaitan dan paling berpengaruh terhadap pembayaran angsuran kredit.

Kata kunci—data mining, outlier, multikolonieritas, Anova
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Siklus Pendapatan pada PT XYZ (Pendekatan Studi Kasus)
Authors: Kurniawan Yohannes , Parapaga Janastasha Christie
Published: October 2018

The research goal is to identify and analyze the need of accounting information system related to the revenue cycle at PT XYZ. This paper designing the useful of accounting information systems to support the current business processes, especially on the revenue cycle process. The design method is an Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) which refers to the modeling and design requirements discipline. And the result achieved by analysis and design of accounting information systems can support current activities of the revenue cycle, especially for the documentation and store of transaction data, and generate reports in accordance with company requirements. Conclusions derived from the analysis and design is the implementation of a webbased application that can help PT XYZ to do the work in different places, such as marketing office, head office and especially at the exhibition.

Index Terms - Accounting Information System, revenue cycle, OOAD
Pengembangan Model Pengenalan Wajah Manusia dengan Teknik Reduksi Dimensi Bi2DPCA dan Support Vector Machine sebagai Classifier
Authors: Fredicia Fredicia , Buono Agus , Giri Endang Purnama
Published: October 2018

This paper presents the modeling of face recognition using feature extraction based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as a classifier. Three PCA techniques were compared, they are 1DPCA, 2DPCA and Bi-2DPCA. Meanwhile, three type of SVM kernel functions-linear, polynomial, and radial basis function (RBF) were used. The experiment used the ORL Face Database AT&T Laboratory, which contain 400 images with 10 images per each person. The leave one out method is used for validating each pair of extraction and classifier method. The highest accuracy is obtained by a combination of linear kernel and Bi-2DPCA85%, with 94.25%, and also the fastest computation time, is 15.34 seconds.

Index Terms— Face Recognition, Principle Component Analysis, Kernel, Support Vector Machine, Leave-one Out Cross Validation
Rancang Bangun Sistem Rekomendasi Resep Masakan Khas Indonesia Menggunakan Metode Collaboration Collective Intelligence dan Slope One
Authors: Kusnadi Adhi , Daniel Daniel
Published: October 2018

Today, recipes are not just physical, but some are digital. So users do not have to store recipe books that have been purchased to find recipes for a dish. One of a website providing recommendations for digital recipe guides is dapursaji. This application helps users to search for recipes only by entering the ingredients of the food owned by the user. And will produce a list of dishes that use the material entered by the previous user. In addition there will be related recommendations after opening one of the recipes after the search. Not only that, this website can also provide the freedom to innovate, by means of all users can fill a new recipe in accordance with the innovation and creation itself. Then the recipe will be published and read by the public. Collaborative Collective Intelligence and Slope One methods are implemented in this design, and evaluation results show that as many as 89% of users surveyed have been satisfied with the suitability and usefulness of the built system.

Index Terms—recipes, dish, collaborative Collective Intelligence, slope one
Una visión a la distancia
Authors: Alcántara León Jorge Daniel
Published: October 2018

Resulta significativo, irónico y dramático, que el 2 de octubre de 1968, el mismo día de la sangrienta y brutal agresión en contra del movimiento estudiantil popular, ese mismo día se hubiera efectuado por la mañana la primera reunión de diálogo con los representantes del Gobierno y, un par de días antes, el 30 de septiembre, el ejército hubiera salido de Ciudad Universitaria.
Hacia la noción de anomia hídrica: una aproximación al caso de San Bartolo Ameyalco, Ciudad de México
Authors: Castillo Oropeza Oscar Adán , Carmona Rojas Madisson Yojan
Published: October 2018

En el presente texto se propone la noción de anomia hídrica, a partir del conflicto hídrico suscitado en el pueblo de San Bartolo Ameyalco (Ciudad de México). Se recuperan algunos postulados teóricos desarrollados por Émile Durkheim y se reconocen otras interpretaciones sobre el concepto de anomia. Para dar cuenta del caso y comprobar el valor heurístico de nuestra propuesta, hacemos uso de la observación exploratoria y de algunas fuentes, producto de una investigación documental y hemerográfica. Entre las conclusiones parciales, encontramos que es necesario innovar las herramientas conceptuales sociológicas, para problematizar fenómenos poco estudiados desde la sociología, como aquellos relacionados con el
manejo y los conflictos hídricos en la ciudad.
Teoría industrial: un vínculo con el clúster del calzado
Authors: Gracia Hernández Maximiliano
Published: October 2018

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las fuerzas de atracción que llevaron
a la región mexicana de León, Guanajuato, a convertirse en un ejemplo de desarrollo regional, a partir de la industria del calzado. La metodología parte del análisis de la teoría industrial, particularmente la localización, la aglomeración y el clúster industrial. Es una investigación de contraste; vincula un fenómeno teórico con una investigación empírica. Determina las causas empíricas por las cuales se generó la localización y aglomeración industrial y en qué condiciones. Para ello, se elaboraron entrevistas a los empresarios del calzado.
Construcción de ciudadanía de los jóvenes mexicanos: un análisis de su participación en la elección presidencial de 2012
Authors: Coutiño Osorio Patricia Fabiola , Hernández Salazar Julián
Published: October 2018

El proceso de 2011-2012 fue un parteaguas en la historia electoral del país, pues nunca antes, en pleno desarrollo de las campañas políticas y estando tan cerca el día de los comicios, se había registrado una movilización de jó- venes tan importante como aquéllas realizadas en el marco de los juegos olímpicos de 1968, que culminó con la violenta represión del movimiento estudiantil. Así, la primera parte de este artículo describe, de manera genérica, los principales acontecimientos que forman parte de cada una de las etapas del proceso electoral; la segunda analiza el comportamiento de los jóvenes en distintos momentos del proceso, y la tercera debate sobre las nuevas formas mediante las cuales los jóvenes ejercen su ciudadanía a partir de la emergencia del #Yo Soy 132; pues a pesar de que ha prevalecido la idea de su apatía e indiferencia hacia la política, hoy vemos a la juventud como actor protagónico de este proceso electoral.
Reflexiones sobre el trabajo de la Comisión para la Verdad y la Reconciliación de Sudáfrica (TRC) y los sitios oficiales de memoria: el caso del Freedom Park
Authors: Ventura Navarrete María del Rayo
Published: October 2018

El trabajo de los mecanismos de la justicia transicional, incluyendo las comisiones de la verdad, no termina con la publicación de los reportes finales; su éxito depende de la implementación de las recomendaciones por parte de los gobiernos. Este artículo explora el papel del Freedom Park como producto de las recomendaciones hechas por la Comisión de la Verdad y la Reconciliación de Sudáfrica (conocida por sus siglas en inglés como trc) en cuanto a la construcción de la memoria oficial. Se analiza la forma en que los sitios de memoria, como los monumentos, pueden ser usados para promover la construcción nacional y la reconciliación en el período post apartheid. El artículo se centra en el período correspondiente a los gobiernos de Nelson Mandela y Thabo Mbeki, es decir, entre 1994 y 2008.
De la crisis hipotecaria a la crisis de la deuda de Estados Unidos
Authors: Arellanes Jiménez Paulino Ernesto
Published: October 2018

Las crisis del capitalismo de los últimos tiempos han venido rompiendo los paradigmas o modelos teó- ricos que se habían acuñado para analizarlas y comprenderlas. Ahora advertimos que la crisis del centro capitalista mundial, Estados Unidos, es una crisis recurrente con varias expresiones y modalidades, que obligan a innovar conceptos para analizarla. Este trabajo presenta un análisis de las dos últimas crisis económicas: la de 2008, que se concibe como crisis financiera, pero que al final es una crisis de regulación, y la crisis de 2010-2011 como crisis económica política y fiscal.
Reflexiones sobre seguridad ciudadana y activismo en derechos humanos
Authors: Tiscornia Sofía , Pita María Victoria
Published: October 2018

El artículo describe las tensiones que tienen lugar en el campo de la seguridad cuando la misma se ve confrontada con la cuestión de la violencia institucional. Esas tensiones, se sostiene, resultan, por una parte, del hecho de que el campo de la seguridad no es un todo homogéneo sino un espacio de disputa donde se ponen en juego distintas nociones de seguridad; y por otra, de las acciones y estrategias del activismo de los derechos humanos. A través de la somera presentación de dos casos de violencia institucional (uno ocurrido a raíz de una detención policial arbitraria y otro debido a la condena de prisión perpetua a cinco jó- venes) cuyo litigio involucró instancias internacionales, y poniendo en juego una propuesta de análisis que procura interpretarlos atendiendo a distintas escalas de representación, se analizan los problemas que tensionan la cuestión de la seguridad ciudadana entendida como política pública y acción política.
Los grupos de autodefensa: ¿crisis del poder del Estado?
Authors: García García Guadalupe Leticia
Published: October 2018

A principios del año 2013 se presenció en nuestro país el surgimiento de grupos de autodefensa: civiles organizados con el fin de procurarse una seguridad que el Estado no ha sido capaz de ofrecerles ante los ataques de la delincuencia organizada. Al ejercer justicia, sin embargo, estos grupos están debilitando el poder coercitivo del Estado, situación que este último no permitirá. Por ello, la reacción estatal ha sido etiquetar a los integrantes de estas organizaciones como delincuentes a fin de aprehenderlos como tales, en el momento en que lo considere conveniente a sus intereses.
Los senderos tortuosos de América Latina
Authors: Ramírez Calvario Luis Ángel , Pérez Vargas Roberto
Published: October 2018

No es extraño escuchar cuestionamientos sobre por qué Latinoamérica se mantiene como una zona con amplia desigualdad económica y social en el mundo, pese a los enormes recursos naturales y sociales con los que cuenta. La respuesta a esta pregunta necesita ir más allá de explicar las diferencias entre el norte y el sur del continente; se trata de explicar diversos procesos que han limitado las oportunidades de las naciones latinoamericanas para desarrollarse de manera autónoma y libre. La colonización europea, la evangelización cristiana, el control político de las élites económicas instituidas, la intromisión de agentes externos en los asuntos de la política interior y la división entre centros y periferias del sistema mundial moderno han sido condicionantes definitivas que impiden el pleno desarrollo político, econó- mico y social de los Estados-nación latinoamericanos.
¿Buen vivir o desarrollo? Buscando alternativas y horizontes
Authors: Lo Brutto Giuseppe , Vázquez Salazar Carlos Otto
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo abordará el concepto de desarrollo como mecanismo de poder, que ha conducido a una crisis multidimensional y a la devastación de la naturaleza. El marco teórico general de análisis será la perspectiva del sistema capitalista. El artículo hace un recorrido histórico en torno a la idea del desarrollo, destacando su carácter de mito; se destaca el saqueo de sus recursos naturales a lo largo de más de cinco siglos; y se aborda el arribo de gobiernos con una orientación nacional-popular a los países andinos, resaltando el avance que ha representado el reconocimiento del Sumak Kawsay o buen vivir, las limitaciones e inconsistencias de dichos gobiernos al centrar su estrategia en la extracción intensiva de recursos naturales y en su ubicación en los marcos del concepto hegemónico de desarrollo.
Las repúblicas bálticas frente a Europa y Rusia
Authors: Rodríguez Suárez Pedro Manuel
Published: October 2018

Desde 1991, cuando las repúblicas bálticas (Estonia, Letonia y Lituania) obtuvieron su independencia de la Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas, establecieron cuatro objetivos fundamentales en el marco de su política exterior: asegurar su independencia, iniciar con un arduo proceso de transformación postsocialista, integrarse en la Unión Europea y en la Organización del Tratado del Atlántico Norte (otan), así como rechazar cualquier intento por parte de Rusia para incorporarlos nuevamente en su zona de influencia de post guerra fría (en su cercano próximo). En este artículo se analizan los intereses de Estonia, Letonia y Lituania frente su integración en la ue y en la otan, evaluando la opinión pública báltica frente al “regreso de sus sociedades a Europa”, y se ofrece una reflexión en torno a los problemas que enfrentan las minorías étnicas, principalmente polacas, rusas, bielorrusas y ucranianas in situ.