bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Azidation Reactions
Authors: Mironova Irina A. , Kirsch Stefan F. , Zhdankin Viktor V. , Yoshimura Akira , Yusubov Mekhman S.
Published: July 2022

Organic azides have found wide application in various fields of science and technology. This review summarizes recently developed approaches to the direct, one‐step synthesis of diverse organic azides utilizing hypervalent iodine reagents. The first part of review deals with the azidation using unstable azidoiodinanes generated in situ from common hypervalent iodine reagents (such as diacetoxyiodobenzene or iodosylbenzene) and a source of azide anion (TMSN3 or NaN3). The second part of review is dedicated to the application of stable azidobenziodoxoles as useful azidating reagents that allow selective direct azidation of C−H bonds or double carbon‐carbon bonds under mild reaction conditions. The use of azidobenziodoxoles eliminates the main disadvantages of the traditional approaches to organic azides, such as the need in pre‐functionalization of organic substrates and harsh reaction conditions. Synthetic application of azidobenziodoxoles made possible direct selective azidation of a plethora of organic substrates including complex molecules at the late synthetic stage.
Adsorption of Individual and Mixtures of β-Blockers and Copper in Soils and Sediments
Authors: Smith Rose-Michelle , Sayen Stéphanie , Guillon Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

The (bio)availability of pharmaceuticals at solid/water interfaces is governed by their sorption, which determines their concentrations in groundwaters and surface waters in contact with biota, and can be affected by the presence of other contaminants such as metallic trace elements likely to compete for adsorption sites and form complexes with pharmaceuticals. We studied the adsorption of the pharmaceuticals propranolol and sotalol—two β-blockers—on one soil and one sediment using batch experiments to assess their (bio)availability. The influence of contact time, pH, and concentration was studied. As in the real environment these contaminants are not alone but in mixtures, and they were studied alone, simultaneously added, and in the presence of Cu2+, which is known to form coordination complexes with propranolol and sotalol, but their presence in mixtures did not alter their adsorption properties. Sotalol was more mobile in water and thus more bioavailable for organisms than propranolol. The mobility in surface waters of both β-blockers and thus their bioavailabity for organisms is more important than their risk of transfer to groundwater during rainwater infiltration and to surface water due to runoff. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2700–2707. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Experimental analysis of the wall deformation of masonry brick and gypsum‐sheathed stud walls during standardized fire resistance tests of steel doors
Authors: Prieler Rene , Kitzmüller Peter , Thumser Stefan , Schwabegger Günther , Hochenauer Christoph
Published: July 2022

In the case of a fire event, structural components are exposed to a thermal load. To determine the fire resistivity of building components standardized fire resistance tests (FRTs) have to be carried out. Besides the heating and the deformation of building components during the FRT, also the fire response of the adjacent wall construction is important. In the past, the fire response (deformation) of masonry brick and stud walls was examined without building components placed in the wall. However, the thermal expansion of doors and other components is causing a mechanical load on the wall, which is affecting its deformation. Thus, in the present study the deformation of masonry brick walls and gypsum‐sheathed stud walls with fire safety steel doors placed in the walls were determined during FRTs. Furthermore, the effect of the different door types, door size and wall thickness on the wall deformation was evaluated. Single leaf doors were approx. 1.3 m × 2.5 m, while double leaf doors were twice the size. The maximum deformation of the masonry brick walls was between 20 and 40 mm, and was hardly affected by the door type and size. However, larger doors with a higher temperature and thermal expansion showed a slightly increasing deformation. In contrast, stud walls were significantly affected by the door, especially when small doors were used. The wall was deformed up to approx. 100 mm for small doors. Using large doors in the stud wall, the wall deformation was limited to 20 mm.
Transcriptional substrates underlying functional connectivity profiles of subregions within the human sensorimotor cortex
Authors: Shen Yuhao , Zhang Cun , Cui Shunshun , Wang Rui , Cai Huanhuan , Zhao Wenming , Zhu Jiajia , Yu Yongqiang
Published: July 2022

The human sensorimotor cortex has multiple subregions showing functional commonalities and differences, likely attributable to their connectivity profiles. However, the molecular substrates underlying such connectivity profiles are unclear. Here, transcriptome‐neuroimaging spatial correlation analyses were performed between transcriptomic data from the Allen human brain atlas and resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) of 24 fine‐grained sensorimotor subregions from 793 healthy subjects. Results showed that rsFC of six sensorimotor subregions were associated with expression measures of six gene sets that were specifically expressed in brain tissue. These sensorimotor subregions could be classified into the polygenic‐ and oligogenic‐modulated subregions, whose rsFC were related to gene sets diverging on their numbers (hundreds vs. dozens) and functional characteristics. First, the former were specifically expressed in multiple types of neurons and immune cells, yet the latter were not specifically expressed in any cortical cell types. Second, the former were preferentially expressed during the middle and late stages of cortical development, while the latter showed no preferential expression during any stages. Third, the former were prone to be enriched for general biological functions and pathways, but the latter for specialized biological functions and pathways. Fourth, the former were enriched for neuropsychiatric disorders, whereas this enrichment was absent for the latter. Finally, although the identified genes were commonly associated with sensorimotor behavioral processes, the polygenic‐modulated subregions associated genes were additionally related to vision and dementia. These findings may advance our understanding of the functional homogeneity and heterogeneity of the human sensorimotor cortex from the perspective of underlying genetic architecture.
Comparison of two gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist suppression protocols for in vitro fertilization in young patients with low body mass index
Authors: Mu Xin , Cai He , Shi Juan‐zi
Published: July 2022

Objective

To evaluate two different gonadotropin‐releasing (pituitary downregulating) hormones used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) on the live birth rate in young patients with low body mass index (BMI) undergoing their first IVF cycle.

Methods

In a retrospective study in a single public medical center, 555 long gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist (GnRH‐a) protocols were compared with 431 prolonged GnRH‐a protocols between 2016 and 2018. All analyses were performed using the SPSS version 22.0. The primary measured outcome was live birth rate.

Results

Compared with the long protocol, the prolonged protocol required more doses of gonadotropin and a longer duration of ovarian stimulation. Lower levels of serum luteinizing hormone and serum estrogen were detected on the day of chorionic gonadotropin administration, and a lower fertilization rate was found in the prolonged protocol. Although more oocytes were retrieved and more frozen embryos were recorded in the prolonged protocol, the live birth rate per fresh cycle was comparable between the two protocols (P = 0.057). The incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome was higher in the prolonged protocol group. In the subgroup of women with antral follicle count (AFC) of 12 or less, there was no difference in the live birth rate between the two protocols (P = 0.688). However, for women with AFC > greater than 12, the prolonged protocol was still a positive predictor of live birth rate. The odds ratio was 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.04–2.89).

Conclusion

The prolonged protocol might not increase the live birth rate in women with low BMI who are undergoing their first IVF cycle. However, for women with AFC greater than 12, a prolonged protocol could be a good choice to improve the live birth rate.
Interdependent self‐construal moderates the relationship between pro‐generation investment and future orientation: A cross‐cultural comparison
Authors: Chen Yidi , Gao Lingling , Sheng Zhengyu , Ma Jinjin , Guo Xiaohan (Hannah) , Lippke Sonia , Gan Yiqun
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Cultural orientation and interdependent self‐construal can moderate the relationship between perceived pro‐generation investment and future orientation of young adults. To test how interdependent self‐construal moderate the relationship between pro‐generation investment and future orientation of young adults from two different cultural ecologies was the aim of the current study.

Methods

A cross‐cultural comparison was conducted among study participants from China, Germany, and the United States. Interdependent self‐construal, perceived pro‐generation investment by parents (parental investment), and future orientation were measured. Cross‐cultural data were collected from 205 college students in China, a collectivist culture, and 169 college students in Germany (n = 50) and the United States (n = 119), which are individualist cultures. We examined a three‐way interaction with cultural orientation and interdependent self‐construal as moderators in the relationship between perceived parental investment and future orientation.

Results

In the collectivist cultural context, there appeared no moderating effect of interdependent self‐construal on the relationship between perceived parental investment and future orientation, although interdependent self‐construal and perceived parental investment predicted future orientation. In the individualistic cultural context, there was a moderating effect. For individuals high in interdependent self‐construal, future orientation remained stable as perceived parental investment increased. For individuals low in interdependent self‐construal, future orientation decreased as perceived parental investment increased.

Conclusions

The findings have practical implications in that parents should follow the cultural orientation of their background and provide their children with individualized investment and education to shape the future orientation of their offspring.
Rhein induces changes in the lysosomal compartment of HeLa cells
Authors: Trybus Wojciech , Król Teodora , Trybus Ewa
Published: July 2022

Rhein is an anthraquinone found in Rheum palmatum, used in Chinese medicine. Due to potential anticancer properties, the study assessed its effect on the lysosomal compartment, which indirectly influences cell death. The experiment was performed on HeLa cells by treating them with rhein at concentrations of 100–300 µM. LC3‐II protein and caspase 3/7 activity, level of apoptosis, the concentration of reactive oxide species (ROS), and mitochondrial potential (Δψm) were evaluated by the cytometric method. To evaluate the permeability of the lysosomal membrane (LMP), staining with acridine orange and the assessment of activity of cathepsin D and L in the lysosomal and extralysosomal fractions were used. Cell viability was assessed by ‐(3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) (MTT) and neutral red (NR) assays. Changes in cells were also demonstrated at the level of electron, optical, confocal, and fluorescence microscopy. Inhibition of autophagy was done using chloroquine. Rhein‐induced degradation processes were confirmed by an increase in the number of primary lysosomes, autophagosomes, and autolysosomes. At high concentrations, rhein caused the generation of ROS, which induced LMP expressed by quenching of acridine orange fluorescence. These results correlated with a reduction of lysosomes, as visualized in graphical modeling, with the decreased uptake of NR by lysosomes, and increased activity of cathepsin D and L in the extralysosomal fraction. The studies also showed an increase in the activity of caspase 3/7 and a decrease in the expression of Bcl‐2 protein, indicative of rhein‐stimulated apoptosis. At the same time, we demonstrated that preincubation of cells with chloroquine inhibited rhein‐induced autophagy and contributed to increased cytotoxicity to HeLa cells. Rhein also induced DNA damage and led to cycle arrest in the S phase. Our results indicate that rhein, by inducing changes in the lysosomal compartment, indirectly affects apoptosis of HeLa cells and in combination with autophagy inhibitors may be an effective form of anticancer therapy.
Do highly sensitive persons display hypersensitive narcissism? Similarities and differences in the nomological networks of sensory processing sensitivity and vulnerable narcissism
Authors: Jauk Emanuel , Knödler Madita , Frenzel Julia , Kanske Philipp
Published: July 2022

Background

Individuals with high sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) (“highly sensitive persons”) are thought to be easily excitable and overwhelmed, highly attentive to aesthetic impressions, and particularly sensitive to sensory stimulation. Public discourse suggests that those who describe themselves as highly sensitive see themselves as fundamentally different from others, and view their personality as a gift and a burden. From a clinical personality perspective, high sensitivity could be considered to have substantial overlaps with hypersensitive narcissism, or generally vulnerable narcissism.

Method

We investigated the associations and shared nomological networks between high sensitivity and hypersensitive narcissism in two studies using convenience and representative samples (n1 = 280, n2 = 310).

Results

There is evidence for replicable associations between SPS and hypersensitive (.53 ≤ r ≤ .54) as well as vulnerable narcissism (.44 ≤ r ≤ .54), associations were not attributable to general neuroticism. Nomological networks were similar and pointed to a neurotic‐introverted personality profile with reduced personality functioning. Latent class analyses further pointed to substantial and practically relevant person‐level covariance.

Conclusion

Sensory processing sensitivity and hypersensitive narcissism are substantially related constructs. For clinicians, this points to the importance of being attentive to narcissistic self‐regulatory strategies in individuals presenting as highly sensitive.
A preliminary evaluation of Kids Matter: A community‐based parenting intervention
Authors: Esteban‐Serna Celia , Eisenstadt Mia , Gardner Eli , Liverpool Shaun
Published: July 2022

Parents living in deprived communities are more likely to report lower parental self‐efficacy and wellbeing. Poor parental wellbeing and self‐efficacy are known risk factors in the development of a range of health and behavioural problems in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Parenting interventions are key to prevent adverse outcomes in children, however, the mechanisms by which parents learn to understand and support their children are still not well understood. This study evaluated the acceptability of Kids Matter, a parenting intervention targeting parents who are struggling with financial adversity. Secondarily, the relationship between parental wellbeing and and self‐efficacy was examined. The present is a retrospective, consecutive case series design study, comparing routinely collected data at pre‐intervention, post‐intervention, and at 3‐month follow‐up. Descriptive frequencies were drawn to explore parents' impressions of the programme. Multivariate analysis of variance and regression modelling were used to evaluate associations between parental wellbeing and self‐efficacy at different time points. Parents found the programme enjoyable and useful. The intervention led to significant improvements in parental wellbeing and self‐efficacy. Improvements in parental wellbeing were significantly associated with improvements in self‐efficacy. This study provides evidence of the acceptability and effectiveness of Kids Matter.
Randomized phase III study of gemcitabine, cisplatin plus S‐1 versus gemcitabine, cisplatin for advanced biliary tract cancer (KHBO1401‐ MITSUBA)
Authors: Ioka Tatsuya , Kanai Masashi , Kobayashi Shogo , Sakai Daisuke , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Baba Hideo , Seo Satoru , Taketomi Akinobu , Takayama Tadatoshi , Yamaue Hiroki , Takahashi Masahiro , Sho Masayuki , Kamei Keiko , Fujimoto Jiro , Toyoda Masanori , Shimizu Junzo , Goto Takuma , Shindo Yoshitaro , Yoshimura Kenichi , Hatano Etsuro , Nagano Hiroaki ,   Kansai Hepatobiliary Oncology Group (KHBO)
Published: July 2022

Background

Gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) combination therapy has been the standard palliative chemotherapy for patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). No randomized clinical trials have been able to demonstrate the survival benefit over GC during the past decade. In our previous phase II trial, adding S‐1 to GC (GCS) showed promising efficacy and we aimed to determine whether GCS could improve overall survival compared with GC for patients with advanced BTC.

Methods

We performed a mulitcenter, randomized phase III trial across 39 centers. Enrolled patients were randomly allocated (1:1) to either the GCS or GC arm. The GCS regimen comprised gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2) and cisplatin (25 mg/m2) infusion on day 1 and 80 mg/m2 of S‐1 on days 1–7 every 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS) and the secondary endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS), response rate (RR), and adverse events (AEs). This study is registered with Clinical trial identification: NCT02182778.

Results

Between July 2014 and February 2016, 246 patients were enrolled. The median OS and 1‐year OS rate were 13.5 months and 59.4% in the GCS arm and 12.6 months and 53.7% in the GC arm, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79, 90% confidence interval [CI]: 0.628–0.996; P = .046 [stratified log‐rank test]). Median PFS was 7.4 months in the GCS arm and 5.5 months in the GC arm (HR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.577–0.970; P = .015). RR was 41.5% in the GCS arm and 15.0% in the GC arm. Grade 3 or worse AEs did not show significant differences between the two arms.

Conclusions

GCS is the first regimen which demonstrated survival benefits as well as higher RR over GC in a randomized phase III trial and could be the new first‐line standard chemotherapy for advanced BTC. To exploit the advantage of its high RR, GCS is now tested in the neoadjuvant setting in a randomized phase III trial for potentially resectable BTC.
The extracellular sialidase NEU3 primes neutrophils
Authors: Kirolos Sara A , Pilling Darrell , Gomer Richard H
Published: July 2022

Some extracellular glycoconjugates have sialic acid as the terminal sugar, and sialidases are enzymes that remove this sugar. Mammals have 4 sialidases and can be elevated in inflammation and fibrosis. In this report, we show that incubation of human neutrophils with the extracellular human sialidase NEU3, but not NEU1, NEU2 or NEU4, induces human male and female neutrophils to change from a round to a more amoeboid morphology, causes the primed human neutrophil markers CD11b, CD18, and CD66a to localize to the cell cortex, and decreases the localization of the unprimed human neutrophil markers CD43 and CD62-L at the cell cortex. NEU3, but not the other 3 sialidases, also causes human male and female neutrophils to increase their F-actin content. Human neutrophils treated with NEU3 show a decrease in cortical levels of Sambucus nigra lectin staining and an increase in cortical levels of peanut agglutinin staining, indicating a NEU3-induced desialylation. The inhibition of NEU3 by the NEU3 inhibitor 2-acetylpyridine attenuated the NEU3 effect on neutrophil morphology, indicating that the effect of NEU3 is dependent on its enzymatic activity. Together, these results indicate that NEU3 can prime human male and female neutrophils, and that NEU3 is a potential regulator of inflammation.
Linking regional sustainable development goals with ecosystem services to identify ecological security patterns
Authors: Lyu Xin , Li Xiaobing , Wang Kai , Cao Wanyu , Gong Jirui , Wang Hong , Lou Anru
Published: July 2022

Ecological security patterns (ESPs) have become an important spatial approach to alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development. The identification of ecological sources is the primary part of studying ESPs, and methods based on ecosystem services (ESs) have been widely used. However, the current method of simply overlaying ESs for ecological source identification has difficulty supporting different regional decision‐making needs of the target. Taking the West Liaohe River basin in China as an example, this study aims at developing four regional sustainable development goals (RSDGs) of carbon neutrality, water security, soil security, and biodiversity protection. Six ESs, including net primary production (NPP), water retention (WR), water purification (WP), soil conservation (SC), soil loss by wind (SL), and habitat quality (HQ), in the West Liaohe River basin from 2010 to 2020 were evaluated. Based on the current mainstream research paradigm of ‘source identification‐resistance surface construction‐corridor extraction‐safety pattern identification’, combined RSDGs and ESs, the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was used to identify the West Liaohe River basin development goals. The pattern of ecological security was discussed, and the identification, optimization, and construction plan of the regional comprehensive ESP were discussed in combination with the actual situation of the region. The study found that simply overlaying ESs to identify ecological sources leads to the neglect of some areas that provide key ESs, and it is difficult to directly support regional ecological protection decisions under different objectives, while a multiobjective‐oriented comprehensive ecological security pattern helps to promote ESs and their relationships. The research results will help to improve the understanding of the ESP and provide a basis for the ecological protection and restoration of the basin and the optimization of the spatial structure to promote the sustainable development of the ‘social‐economic‐ecological’ complex system in the West Liaohe River basin.
Buying happiness: How brand engagement in self‐concept affects purchase happiness
Authors: Razmus Wiktor , Grabner‐Kräuter Sonja , Kostyra Martyna , Zawadzka Anna Maria
Published: July 2022

In general, experiential purchases have been found to make people happier than material purchases. However, previous research has ignored a crucial issue—the importance of the brand and the consumer−brand relationship in this context. Since many purchases are associated with a brand and the brand is often the main motivation for the purchase, we argue that researchers should include the consumer−brand relationship in studies on the effects of material versus experiential consumption on happiness. Building on the social exchange theory, the current research examines the moderating role of consumers' tendency to include brands as part of the self in the relationship between purchase type and happiness. Across three studies, using different methods (a comparative survey: N1 = 422 individuals; two experiments: N2 = 206 and N3 = 177 individuals), we found that individuals with high levels of brand engagement in self‐concept (BESC) derive similar levels of purchase‐related happiness from experiential and material purchases, while individuals with low levels of BESC find more purchase‐related happiness in experiential than in material purchases.
Impact of climate change on hospital admissions: a case study of the Royal Berkshire Hospital in the UK
Authors: Israelsson Jennifer , Charlton‐Perez Andrew , Sun Ting
Published: July 2022

Global warming is projected to have major implications on global health. It is however not yet clear how this will translate to impacts on the healthcare system. By linking changes in temperature with changes in required bed days at a hospital level, through the use of a simple bed model, we quantify the projected impacts UK hospitals will need to adapt to. We show that there is already a local peak of bed days required in the main summer months due to hot temperatures. The results further show that there will be a significant increase during the main summer in both the mean and maximum number of beds needed, but a non‐significant decrease during the peak winter months. These changes lead to a more constant need of care of the year and shift the seasonal cycle of lowest hospital needs.
A three‐state diplexer design using stub‐loaded resonator pairs
Authors: Zhang Yao , Lin Xian‐Jing , Gu Wei‐Dong
Published: July 2022

This letter presents a three‐state diplexer design. By employing one port as the input while the other two as the output, the proposed circuit functions as three diplexers operating at different passbands. Owing to the planar stub‐loaded resonator pair, two transmission zeros are generated at passband edges, ensuring sharp frequency selectivity for each filter passband. In addition, an asymmetrical feed scheme is adopted based on the discriminating coupling method, resulting in two other controllable out‐of‐band transmission zeros. These zeros are essential for isolation improvement between the three diplexer operations. For demonstration, the three‐state diplexer is implemented. Compact size and measured isolation of more than 27.6 dB between the three states are obtained.
On the open‐source landscape of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Authors: Boudreau Mathieu , Stikov Nikola , Jezzard Peter
Published: July 2022

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Efficacy of a Short-Term Captive Broodstock Program Compared with Hatchery-Origin Spring Chinook Salmon Derived from the Same Population
Authors: Gallinat Michael P. , Bumgarner Joseph D. , Ross Lance A.
Published: July 2022

We examined the efficacy of a one-generation (five brood years: 1997–2001) captive broodstock program for spring Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha by comparing survival rates of captive broodstock progeny (CBP; F2) with that of hatchery-origin fish (HOR) from a conservation hatchery supplementation program in which both groups were derived from the Tucannon River (Washington State) population for the 2000–2006 brood years. Survival rates compared were egg to fry, fry to smolt, egg to smolt, total (ages 3–5) and adult (ages 4+) smolt-to-adult-return (SAR) survival, and total (ages 3–5) and adult (ages 4+) progeny-to-parent (P:P) ratio. Total escapement and adult P:P ratios were also examined to determine if observed demographic benefits to the population continued after the captive broodstock program ended. The CBP group had lower within-hatchery survival than the HOR group, with significant differences in survival at the egg-to-fry and egg-to-smolt stages due to poor egg viability. Mean untransformed total and adult SARs for the CBP were half those of the HOR group; however, SARs did not differ significantly. The CBP also had significantly lower total and adult P:P ratios than the HOR group and were below replacement for six of the seven brood years. While the captive broodstock provided additional fish for release that would not have been available otherwise, overall the CBP performed poorly and below expectations compared with the HOR group, both within the hatchery and after release. The captive broodstock program provided a short-term demographic boost, most notable in the 2008–2010 return years, but the benefit did not carry over after the program ended.
Mixing Oil and Water: The Shrimp–Petroleum Nexus in Coastal Louisiana
Authors: Davidov Veronica
Published: July 2022

The Shrimp‐Petroleum Festival is an annual event in Morgan City, Louisiana, that celebrates the history of the two industries in this coastal city. The festival came under media scrutiny and public criticism in the wake of the 2010 BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, in part because of the seeming incompatibility and incongruence of the two things being celebrated. From a local perspective, however, the convergence of the two industries is far from incompatible and the two resources in question, shrimp and oil, are categorically similar within local discourses of identity, well‐being, and economic prosperity. In that capacity, it offers an insight into how precarious and contingent the seemingly self‐evident dichotomies commonly invoked in normative environmentalism are. It also offers insight and into the range of assumptions and signification practices involved in assigning meaning to particular kinds of resources and particular kinds of human–nature relations.
The association between premenstrual syndrome before pregnancy and antenatal depression: A cross‐sectional study with prerecorded information
Authors: Hidaka Yui , Kawakami Norito , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Nishi Daisuke
Published: July 2022

Aim

Some studies have examined the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and antenatal depression. However, retrospective designs were used to obtain the PMS experiences. Different from such earlier research, this study aims to investigate the association between PMS before pregnancy and antenatal depression with a prospective design.

Method

This is a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted among pregnant women. Premenstrual symptoms before pregnancy of the participants were obtained prospectively via a period tracking app. At the baseline of the RCT, 5073 women participated. Of those, 3004 had one or more symptom records related to menstruation 1 year before pregnancy. The outcome, antenatal depression, was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at the RCT baseline, and the cut‐off value was set at 11. For covariates, age, education, planned pregnancy, and the number of children were also measured at the same time. Multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of having antenatal depression, adjusting for the covariates.

Results

A total of 366 individuals who had three or more cycles of menstrual‐related symptom records were included in the analyses, and of those 52 were applicable to PMS before pregnancy. There was no significant association between PMS and antenatal depression (adjusted OR = 1.28, P = 0.61).

Conclusion

The present study was the first study to utilize a prospective design to obtain premenstrual symptoms. Future research should consider using a validated and objective measure of PMS diagnosis and a larger sample.
Plasma polymer barrier layers to control the release kinetics from dissolvable microneedle patches
Authors: González García Laura E. , MacGregor Melanie , Cavallaro Alex , Koynov Kaloian , Vasilev Krasimir
Published: July 2022

Dissolving microneedles are a noninvasive transdermal drug delivery platform that offers painless needle‐free patient treatment. Current strategies to control the kinetics of drug release from the polymeric microneedle patches consist of adjusting the bulk polymer formulations and/or encapsulating the cargo in controlled delivery vehicles. Instead, in this study, the drug release rates were altered by modifying the surface properties of the microneedles using plasma polymer coatings with tailored properties. The main advantage of this one‐step, solvent‐free, and scalable method is that it can be applied to any type of microneedles regardless of their drug cargo or bulk material. Octadiene plasma polymer films were found to suppress the burst release effect of otherwise rapidly dissolving microneedles and to reduce the dissolution rate by a factor of four compared to uncoated control patches. The approach presented in this study offers an alternative, highly tunable, and customizable strategy for controlling drug release rate from microneedle patches.
Structural, Degree of Inversion, and Magneton Number Studies on Fe3+‐Substituted MAl2O4 (M = Ni, Cu, Zn) Spinel Powders: The Evidence for Local Site Exchange of Cation and Magnetization Increment
Authors: Tangcharoen Thanit
Published: July 2022

Nanocrystalline Fe‐substituted metal aluminates, MFe
x
Al2−x
O4 powders (M = Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) with different Fe3+ ion concentrations (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2), are successfully synthesized by the sol–gel auto combustion method. Characterization of the calcined samples is carried out using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), synchrotron Extended X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements. The XRD results confirm the formation of single‐phase spinel structure with Fd‐3m space group of all samples. The EXAFS spectra illustrate the main translocation trends in the trivalent and divalent ions between the tetrahedral and octahedral sublattices. When XRD Rietveld refinement, Williamson–Hall analysis, and EXAFS curve‐fitting analysis are applied to the data, the precise structural parameters, degree of inversion, and cation site occupancy are obtained. Furthermore, the Fe‐substituted samples show intense increase in the saturation magnetization with the increasing of Fe3+ ion concentrations. This occurrence is due to the rise in the net magnetic moment of the modified aluminates which took place as the distribution of the cations within the structure underwent changes. It is possible to explain the variation observed in the magneton number in the context of Fe3+ content through the application of Néel's collinear spin ordering model.
Isogenous Acceptor Strategy Enables Highly Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells via Synergistic Morphology Regulation and Charge Recombination Reduction
Authors: Zhang Jinna , Peng Ruixiang , Yu Kuibao , Ge Jinfeng , Guo Yuntong , Li Dandan , Qiu Yi , Ge Ziyi
Published: July 2022

Isogenous acceptor strategy is considered to be able to effectively improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) by maximizing the absorption and optimizing the morphologies of active layers. Herein, a Y6‐like small‐molecular non‐fullerene acceptor of m‐BTP‐PhC6 is employed as the second acceptor to tune the photovoltaic performance of D18‐Cl:Y6:m‐BTP‐PhC6‐based ternary OSCs. A highest PCE up to 18.03% is achieved with an optimized Y6:m‐BTP‐PhC6 blend ratio of 4:1, with a V
OC of 0.871 V, a J
SC of 26.80 mA cm−2, and a FF of 77.32%, respectively. Compared to D18‐Cl:Y6 binary system, it was found that the introduction of m‐BTP‐PhC6 expanded the spectral absorption range and provided a good cascade energy level matching. The light intensity dependence results demonstrate that ternary blending could significantly promote the photogenerated charge dissociation and transporting, meanwhile suppressing the bimolecular recombination. Transient absorption (TA) results further depicted a decay lifetime of 0.84 ps of D18‐Cl:Y6 binary in contrast to 0.69 ps of the D18‐Cl:Y6:m‐BTP‐PhC6 ternary film, indicating a faster hole transfer dynamic. The work presents a promising isogenous acceptor strategy to improve the efficiency of ternary OSCs.
Diarylprolinol as an Effective Organocatalyst in Asymmetric Cross‐Aldol Reactions of Two Different Aldehydes
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro
Published: July 2022

The aldol reaction is one of the most important carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reactions in organic chemistry. Asymmetric direct cross‐aldol reaction of two different aldehydes has been regarded as a difficult reaction because of the side reactions such as self‐aldol reaction and over reaction. We found that trifluoromethyl‐substituted diarylprolinol, α,α‐bis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]‐2‐pyrrolidinemethanol (1), is an effective organocatalyst that promotes several cross‐aldol reactions of aldehydes with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Acetaldehyde can be employed as a suitable nucleophilic aldehyde. Successful electrophilic aldehydes are ethyl glyoxylate, chloroacetaldehyde, dichloroacetaldehyde, chloral, α‐alkyl‐α‐oxo aldehyde, trifluoroacetaldehyde, glyoxal, alkenyl aldehyde, alkynyl aldehyde, and formaldehyde. Some of the aldehydes are commercially available as a polymer solution, an aqueous solution, or in the hydrated form. They can be used directly in the asymmetric aldol reaction as a commercially available form, which is a synthetic advantage. Given that the obtained aldol products possess several functional groups along with a formyl moiety, they are synthetically useful chiral building blocks.
Next-to-leading power endpoint factorization and resummation for off-diagonal “gluon” thrust
Authors: Beneke M. , Garny M. , Jaskiewicz S. , Strohm J. , Szafron R. , Vernazza L. , Wang J.
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The lack of convergence of the convolution integrals appearing in next-to-leading-power (NLP) factorization theorems prevents the applications of existing methods to resum power-suppressed large logarithmic corrections in collider physics. We consider thrust distribution in the two-jet region for the flavour-nonsinglet off-diagonal contribution, where a gluon-initiated jet recoils against a quark-antiquark pair, which is power-suppressed. With the help of operatorial endpoint factorization conditions, we obtain a factorization formula, where the individual terms are free from endpoint divergences in convolutions and can be expressed in terms of renormalized hard, soft and collinear functions in four dimensions. This allows us to perform the first resummation of the endpoint-divergent SCETI observables at the leading logarithmic accuracy using exclusively renormalization-group methods. The presented approach relies on universal properties of the soft and collinear limits and may serve as a paradigm for the systematic NLP resummation for other 1 → 2 and 2 → 1 collider physics processes.
A stationary shoulder with fluid temperature control for friction stir welding of polymers: development and investigation
Authors: Buchmann Erhard , Erdmann Michael , Köberl Mathias , Höfer Philipp
Published: July 2022

There is a growing interest in the application of thermoplastics and thermoplastic composites for lightweight structures, thus also in friction stir welding (FSW) as a suitable joining technology. With the transformation of FSW from metals to polymers, several new tooling concepts were developed; mainly various heating setups to add external thermal energy to the process were designed. However, current temperature control approaches do not consider the cooling of the process at high rotational speeds and the asymmetry of the process in thermomechanical conditions. In this paper, we present a stationary shoulder with fluid temperature control, which is also capable of cooling the process. Additionally, asymmetric temperature control conditions can be examined by applying different flow directions. For investigation, butt welds of PMMA sheets were welded and assessed using the weld morphology and tensile strengths. Different fluid temperatures, feed rates, and both flow directions were applied and led to different tensile strengths. It could be shown that the optimal control temperature is different for the advancing side (AS) and the retreating side (RS). By using a transverse flow, a heat transport from the warmer AS to the colder RS could be established, which improved the strength. Moreover, the tensile strength could be increased by cooling the process at a feed rate of 100 mm/min. To improve the effectiveness of the temperature control, a new shoulder with independent temperature-controlled areas is proposed.
Powering single-cell genomics to unravel circulating tumour cell subpopulations in non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Acheampong Emmanuel , Morici Michael , Abed Afaf , Bowyer Samantha , Asante Du-Bois , Lin Weitao , Millward Michael , Gray Elin S. , Beasley Aaron B.
Published: July 2022

Background

Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are attractive “liquid biopsy” candidates that could provide insights into the different phenotypes of tumours present within a patient. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CTCs is considered a critical step in tumour metastasis; however, it may confound traditional epithelial feature-based CTC isolation and detection. We applied single-cell copy number alteration (CNA) analysis for the identification of genomic alterations to confirm the neoplastic nature of circulating cells with only mesenchymal phenotypes.

Methods

We isolated CTCs from blood samples collected from 46 NSCLC patients using the Parsortix system. Enriched cells were subjected to immunofluorescent staining for CTC identification using a multi-marker panel comprising both epithelial and mesenchymal markers. A subset of isolated CTCs was subjected to whole genome amplification (WGA) and low-pass whole-genome sequencing (LP-WGS) for the analysis of copy number alterations (CNAs).

Results

CTCs were detected in 16/46 (34.8%) patients, inclusive of CK+/EpCAM+CTCs (3/46, 6.5%) and Vim+CTCs (13/46, 28.3%). Clusters of Vim+cells were detected in 8 samples, which constitutes 50% of the total number of NSCLC patients with CTCs. No patients had detectable hybrid CK+/EpCAM+/Vim+cells. All of the tested CK+/EpCAM+CTCs and 7/8 Vim+CTCs or CTC clusters carried CNAs confirming their neoplastic nature. Notably, the Vim+cluster with no CNAs was characterised by spindle morphology and, therefore, defined as normal mesenchymal circulating cells.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that CK-negative, vimentin-expressing cells represent a large proportion of CTCs detected in NSCLC patients, which are likely missed by standard epithelial-marker-dependent CTC categorisation.
The feasibility and benefit of unsupervised at-home training of minimally invasive surgical skills
Authors: Joosten Maja , Hillemans Vera , Bökkerink Guus M. J. , de Blaauw Ivo , Verhoeven Bas H. , Botden Sanne M. B. I.
Published: July 2022

Background

Simulation-based training may be used to acquire MIS skills. While mostly done in a simulation center, it is proposed that this training can be undertaken at-home as well. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether unsupervised at-home training and assessment of MIS skills is feasible and results in increased MIS skills.

Methods

Medical doctors and senior medical students were tested on their innate abilities by performing a pre-test on a take-home simulator. Henceforth, they followed a two-week interval training practicing two advanced MIS skills (an interrupted suture with knot tying task and a precise peg transfer task) and subsequently performed a post-test. Both tests and all training moments were performed at home. Performance was measured using motion analysis software (SurgTrac) and by expert-assessment and self-assessment using a competency assessment tool for MIS suturing (LS-CAT).

Results

A total of 38 participants enrolled in the study. Participants improved significantly between the pre-test and the post-test for both tasks. They were faster (632 s vs. 213 s, p < 0.001) and more efficient (distance of instrument tips: 9.8 m vs. 3.4 m, p = 0.001) in the suturing task. Total LS-CAT scores, rated by an expert, improved significantly with a decrease from 36 at the pre-test to 20 at the post-test (p < 0.001) and showed a strong correlation with self-assessment scores (R 0.771, p < 0.001).

The precise peg transfer task was completed faster (300 s vs. 163 s, p < 0.001) and more efficient as well (14.8 m vs. 5.7 m, p = 0.005). Additionally, they placed more rings correctly (7 vs. 12, p = 0.010).

Conclusion

Unsupervised at-home training and assessment of MIS skills is feasible and resulted in an evident increase in skills. Especially in times of less exposure in the clinical setting and less education on training locations this can aid in improving MIS skills.
A new cloud autonomous system as a service for multi-mobile robots
Authors: Nasr Aida A.
Published: July 2022

Today, mobile robot is used in most industrial and commercial fields. It can improve and carry out work complex tasks quickly and efficiently. However, using swarm robots to execute some tasks requires a complex system for assigning robots to these tasks. The main issue in the robot control systems is the limited facilities of robot embedded system components. Although, some researchers used cloud computing to develop robot services. They didn’t use the cloud for solving robot control issues. In this paper, we have used cloud computing for controlling robots to solve the problem of limited robot processing components. The main advantage of using cloud computing is its intensive computing power. This advantage motivates us to propose a new autonomous system for multi-mobile robots as a services-based cloud computing. The proposed system consists of three phases: clustering phase, allocation phase, and path planning phase. It groups all tasks/duties into clusters using the k-means algorithm. After that, it finds the optimal path for each robot to execute its duties in the cluster based on the Nearest neighbor and Harris Hawks Optimizer (HHO). The proposed system is compared with systems that use a genetic algorithm, simulated annealing algorithm, and HHO algorithm. From the finding, we find that the proposed system is more efficient than the other systems in terms of decision time, throughput, and the total distance of each robot.
Development of a new preclinical model to study early implant loss: a validation study in the beagle dog
Authors: Liñares Antonio , Verdeja Raul , Pippenger Benjamin , Muñoz Fernando , López-Peña Mónica , Blanco Juan
Published: July 2022

Objectives

To develop a new preclinical model to study early implant loss, where local infection conditions would impair the implant osseointegration.

Materials and methods

Forty-eight smooth, 2.9-mm diameter experimental implants were placed in the mandible of 8 beagle dogs (3 in each side). In half of the animals (test group, n = 24 implants), the implants received ligatures around the implant-abutment connection. In the other half, no ligatures were placed (control group, n = 24 implants). Four weeks later, implants were extracted in a flapless approach and standard 3.3-mm diameter SLActive implants were placed into the same osteotomy site without any further drilling. Eight weeks after the second implantation, animals were sacrificed and analyzed in terms of implant survival.

Results

After 8 weeks of healing, 4 implants were lost in the control group and 14 in the test group. This corresponded to a 17.4% of early implant loss in the control group and 58.3% in the test. Most of the early failures occurred within the first 5 weeks of healing.

Conclusions

Implants placed in a pre-contaminated site present higher early loss than those placed in a non-contaminated site. This study represents a valid and robust preclinical model to study mechanisms and reduction of early implant loss as new technologies become available.

Clinical relevance

Scientific rationale for the study: There is lack of animal models to study early implant loss. Thus, a proposal of a new model is presented. With the validation of this model, new technologies can be implemented to prevent early implant loss.