bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome Analysis of Two Novel Synechococcus Phages That Lack Common Auxiliary Metabolic Genes: Possible Reasons and Ecological Insights by Comparative Analysis of Cyanomyoviruses
Authors: Jiang Tong , Guo Cui , Wang Min , Wang Meiwen , Zhang Xinran , Liu Yundan , Liang Yantao , Jiang Yong , He Hui , Shao Hongbing , McMinn Andrew
Published: July 2020

The abundant and widespread unicellular cyanobacteria Synechococcus plays an important role in contributing to global phytoplankton primary production. In the present study, two novel cyanomyoviruses, S-N03 and S-H34 that infected Synechococcus MW02, were isolated from the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea. S-N03 contained a 167,069-bp genome comprising double-stranded DNA with a G + C content of 50.1%, 247 potential open reading frames and 1 tRNA; S-H34 contained a 167,040-bp genome with a G + C content of 50.1%, 246 potential open reading frames and 5 tRNAs. These two cyanophages contain fewer auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) than other previously isolated cyanophages. S-H34 in particular, is currently the only known cyanomyovirus that does not contain any AMGs related to photosynthesis. The absence of such common AMGs in S-N03 and S-H34, their distinct evolutionary history and ecological features imply that the energy for phage production might be obtained from other sources rather than being strictly dependent on the maintenance of photochemical ATP under high light. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the two isolated cyanophages clustered together and had a close relationship with two other cyanophages of low AMG content. Comparative genomic analysis, habitats and hosts across 81 representative cyanomyovirus showed that cyanomyovirus with less AMGs content all belonged to Synechococcus phages isolated from eutrophic waters. The relatively small genome size and high G + C content may also relate to the lower AMG content, as suggested by the significant correlation between the number of AMGs and G + C%. Therefore, the lower content of AMG in S-N03 and S-H34 might be a result of viral evolution that was likely shaped by habitat, host, and their genomic context. The genomic content of AMGs in cyanophages may have adaptive significance and provide clues to their evolution.
Novel Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase Binding Protein Encoded by Bacteriophage T5
Authors: Klimuk Evgeny , Mekler Vladimir , Lavysh Darya , Serebryakova Marina , Akulenko Natalia , Severinov Konstantin
Published: July 2020

The Escherichia coli bacteriophage T5 has three temporal classes of genes (pre-early, early, and late). All three classes are transcribed by host RNA polymerase (RNAP) containing the σ70 promoter specificity subunit. Molecular mechanisms responsible for the switching of viral transcription from one class to another remain unknown. Here, we find the product of T5 gene 026 (gpT5.026) in RNAP preparations purified from T5-infected cells and demonstrate in vitro its tight binding to E. coli RNAP. While proteins homologous to gpT5.026 are encoded by all T5-related phages, no similarities to proteins with known functions can be detected. GpT5.026 binds to two regions of the RNAP β subunit and moderately inhibits RNAP interaction with the discriminator region of σ70-dependent promoters. A T5 mutant with disrupted gene 026 is viable, but the host cell lysis phase is prolongated and fewer virus particles are produced. During the mutant phage infection, the number of early transcripts increases, whereas the number of late transcripts decreases. We propose that gpT5.026 is part of the regulatory cascade that orchestrates a switch from early to late bacteriophage T5 transcription.
The Contribution of Neutrophils to the Pathogenesis of RSV Bronchiolitis
Authors: Sebina Ismail , Phipps Simon
Published: July 2020

Acute viral bronchiolitis causes significant mortality in the developing world, is the number one cause of infant hospitalisation in the developed world, and is associated with the later development of chronic lung diseases such as asthma. A vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the leading cause of viral bronchiolitis in infancy, remains elusive, and hence new therapeutic modalities are needed to limit disease severity. However, much remains unknown about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Neutrophilic inflammation is the predominant phenotype observed in infants with both mild and severe disease, however, a clear understanding of the beneficial and deleterious effects of neutrophils is lacking. In this review, we describe the multifaceted roles of neutrophils in host defence and antiviral immunity, consider their contribution to bronchiolitis pathogenesis, and discuss whether new approaches that target neutrophil effector functions will be suitable for treating severe RSV bronchiolitis.
Proteomic Analysis of Human Immune Responses to Live-Attenuated Tularemia Vaccine
Authors: Chang Yie-Hwa , Duong Duc M. , Goll Johannes B. , Wood David C. , Jensen Travis L. , Yin Luming , Gelber Casey E. , Seyfried Nicholas T. , Anderson Evan , Natrajan Muktha S. , Rouphael Nadine , Johnson Robert A. , Sanz Patrick , Mulligan Mark J. , Hoft Daniel F.
Published: July 2020

Francisella tularensis (F. tularensis) is an intracellular pathogen that causes a potentially debilitating febrile illness known as tularemia. F. tularensis can be spread by aerosol transmission and cause fatal pneumonic tularemia. If untreated, mortality rates can be as high as 30%. To study the host responses to a live-attenuated tularemia vaccine, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples were assayed from 10 subjects collected pre- and post-vaccination, using both the 2D-DIGE/MALDI-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS approaches. Protein expression related to antigen processing and presentation, inflammation (PPARγ nuclear receptor), phagocytosis, and gram-negative bacterial infection was enriched at Day 7 and/or Day 14. Protein candidates that could be used to predict human immune responses were identified by evaluating the correlation between proteome changes and humoral and cellular immune responses. Consistent with the proteomics data, parallel transcriptomics data showed that MHC class I and class II-related signals important for protein processing and antigen presentation were up-regulated, further confirming the proteomic results. These findings provide new biological insights that can be built upon in future clinical studies, using live attenuated strains as immunogens, including their potential use as surrogates of protection.
Structural Safety Assessment of Connection between Sloshing Tank and 6-DOF Platform Using Co-Simulation of Fluid and Multi-Flexible-Body Dynamics
Authors: Yun Sang-Moon , Kim Sung-Pill , Chung Soh-Myung , Shin Woo-Jin , Cho Dae-Seung , Park Jong-Chun
Published: July 2020

Prediction of sloshing loads, which is one of the most important issues in the design of LNG carriers, has usually been carried out by experiments. When designing a 6-DOF platform equipment used for sloshing experiments, it should target a system containing a fluid, not a solid, thereby making it difficult to predict precisely the dynamic load due to the changes of a center of mass according to the tank’s movement. In the present study, two-way co-simulation technology between DualSPHysics and RecurDyn has been developed to analyze the mechanical behavior in multi-body system coupled with fluid motion; in which DualSPHysics is an open-source code based on particle method for fluid analysis and RecurDyn a commercial software for multi-flexible-body dynamics (MFBD). The developed technology was applied to the sloshing problem inside a tank connected to an upper plate on a 6-DOF platform. The simulation results were verified through comparison with the experiments conducted for this study independently, such as snapshots of flow motion, pressure on the cargo hold, and force applied to the tank-platform connection. Finally, to investigate the effects of fluid dynamic load on structural safety assessment, a two-way co-simulation between fluid-MFBD analysis was performed for two cases filling partially with fluid and solid. As a result, it was concluded that the sloshing experiment system used in this study was quite safe, and the feasibility of using the present co-simulation technology for structural safety assessment was confirmed.
A Hamiltonian Interacting Particle System for Compressible Flow
Authors: Hochgerner Simon
Published: July 2020

The decomposition of the energy of a compressible fluid parcel into slow (deterministic) and fast (stochastic) components is interpreted as a stochastic Hamiltonian interacting particle system (HIPS). It is shown that the McKean–Vlasov equation associated to the mean field limit yields the barotropic Navier–Stokes equation with density-dependent viscosity. Capillary forces can also be treated by this approach. Due to the Hamiltonian structure, the mean field system satisfies a Kelvin circulation theorem along stochastic Lagrangian paths.
Effects of Irrigation Discharge on Salinity of a Large Freshwater Lake: A Case Study in Chagan Lake, Northeast China
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Zhang Guangxin , Zhang Jingjie , Xu Y. Jun , Wu Yao , Wu Yanfeng , Sun Guangzhi , Chen Yueqing , Ma Hongbo
Published: July 2020

The salinization of freshwater lakes by agricultural activities poses a threat to many lake ecosystems around the world. Quantitative, medium- to long-term studies are needed to understand how some common agricultural practices, such as the discharge of crop irrigation in the vicinities of large lakes, may affect lake salinization. In this study, hydrological, hydrodynamics, water quality and meteorological datasets were used to analyze the long-term spatial-temporal variations of water salinities of a major lake, the Chagan Lake, in Northeast China. An integrated hydrodynamics-salinity model was used to simulate lake water salinity changes taking place at different times and locations, including (i) salt accumulations during a non-frozen period, and (ii) the time when water salinity may reach a significant threshold (1 psu) that jeopardizes a major environmental and economic value of this lake (i.e., the cultivation of local fish species). The results confirmed that Chagan Lake was indeed undergoing salinization in the ten year period between 2008 and 2018. The spatial-temporal patterns of the salinization processes were identified. For instance, (i) the mean salinity of the lake water was found to be 0.55 psu in the summer season of the region and 0.53 psu in the winter, and (ii) between May to October the salinity was up to 0.62 psu in the western region of the lake. The rate of salt accumulation was found to be 97 ton per annum during the non-frozen period. The simulation predicted that by 2024 the lake water will become sub-saline (salinity > 1.07 psu) which is toxic to fish species, if the current practice of irrigation discharge into the lake continues. In the scenario that the amount of irrigation discharges into the lake doubles, the western region of the lake will become sub-saline within one year, and then the whole lake within three years. Overall, this study has produced results that are useful to authorities around the world, for balancing the risks and benefits of developing crop irrigation fields in areas surrounding large freshwater lakes.
Definitions of Water Quality: A Survey of Lake-Users of Water Quality-Compromised Lakes
Authors: Votruba Ashley M. , Corman Jessica R.
Published: July 2020

Understanding and defining water quality is an important precursor for influencing pro-environmental behavior and accurately assessing potential outcomes of human–lake interactions. This study surveyed 82 lake-users in Nebraska regarding their definitions of water quality and the importance of various water quality features to determine if lake-users’ definitions align with complex and multi-faceted governmental and scientific definitions. Survey sites included two recreational reservoirs (e.g., boating and fishing), Holmes Lake (urban watershed) and Branched Oak Lake (agricultural watershed). The biological and chemical parameters are similar between the lakes and both lakes were listed as “impaired” on the Section 303(d) (United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA) list of impaired waters of the US at the time of the surveys. The results of our survey suggest that the overwhelming majority of lake-users’ self-generated definitions of water quality did not include more than one feature of water quality found in the relevant policy and regulatory definitions and they focused primarily on water clarity. Further, when provided a list of specific water quality features, the participants rated all provided features of water quality as highly important. This suggests that the failure to include those features in a self-generated definition is not the consequence of perceiving that feature as low importance.
Evaluation of the Gulf of Aqaba Coastal Water, Jordan
Authors: Al-Taani Ahmed A. , Rashdan Maen , Nazzal Yousef , Howari Fares , Iqbal Jibran , Al-Rawabdeh Abdulla , Al Bsoul Abeer , Khashashneh Safaa
Published: July 2020

(1) Background: The Gulf of Aqaba (GoA) supports unique and diverse marine ecosystems. It is one of the highest anthropogenically impacted coasts in the Middle East region, where rapid human activities are likely to degrade these naturally diverse but stressed ecosystems. (2) Methods: Various water quality parameters were measured to assess the current status and conditions of GoA seawater including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), Cl−, NO3−, SO42−, PO43−, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Sr, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. (3) Results: The pH values indicated basic coastal waters. The elevated levels of TDS with an average of about 42 g/L indicated highly saline conditions. Relatively low levels of inorganic nutrients were observed consistent with the prevalence of oligotrophic conditions in GoA seawater. The concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Sr, Cl−, and SO42− in surface layer varied spatially from about 423–487, 2246–2356, 9542–12,647, 513–713, 9.2–10.4, 22,173–25,992, and 317–407 mg/L, respectively. The average levels of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn ranged from 0.51, 0.38, 1.44, 1.29, 0.88, 0.38, and 6.05 µg/L, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The prevailing saline conditions of high temperatures, high evaporation rates, the water stratification and intense dust storms are major contributing factors to the observed seawater chemistry. The surface distribution of water quality variables showed spatial variations with no specific patterns, except for metal contents which exhibited southward increasing trends, closed to the industrial complex. The vast majority of these quality parameters showed relatively higher values compared to those of other regions.
Biotechnology for Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) Wastewater Treatment: A Review
Authors: Surkatti Riham , El-Naas Muftah H. , Van Loosdrecht Mark C. M. , Benamor Abdelbaki , Al-Naemi Fatima , Onwusogh Udeogu
Published: July 2020

Gas-to-liquid (GTL) technology involves the conversion of natural gas into several liquid hydrocarbon products. The Fischer–Tropsch (F–T) process is the most widely applied approach for GTL, and it is the main source of wastewater in the GTL process. The wastewater is generally characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) content due to the presence of alcohol, ketones and organic acids. The discharge of this highly contaminated wastewater without prior treatment can cause adverse effects on human life and aquatic systems. This review examines aerobic and anaerobic biological treatment methods that have been shown to reduce the concentration of COD and organic compounds in wastewater. Advanced biological treatment methods, such as cell immobilization and application of nanotechnology are also evaluated. The removal of alcohol and volatile fatty acids (VFA) from GTL wastewater can be achieved successfully under anaerobic conditions. However, the combination of anaerobic systems with aerobic biodegradation processes or chemical treatment processes can be a viable technology for the treatment of highly contaminated GTL wastewater with high COD concentration. The ultimate goal is to have treated wastewater that has good enough quality to be reused in the GTL process, which could lead to cost reduction and environmental benefits.
Barriers and facilitators to integrating antimicrobial stewardship into clinical governance and practice: A Thai case study
Authors: Van Gulik Nantanit , Hutchinson Ana , Considine Julie , Driscoll Andrea , Malathum Kumthorn , Botti Mari
Published: July 2020

Thailand is currently facing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. To address this issue the Thai government has supported the introduction of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs. Little is known about the perceptions of key-stakeholders regarding the current clinical governance of AMS and the barriers and facilitators to embedding AMS into clinical care. The aim of this study was to explore organizational leaders’ and clinical nurses’ perceptions of the AMS clinical governance structure and activities at a tertiary referral centre in Thailand. Semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 15 organizational leader interviews and three focus groups involving 18 nurses. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) executive seemed to endorse but not support AMS activities; (2) lack of AMS policy and resources to optimize antibiotic prescribing, tracking and reporting; (3) lack of multidisciplinary engagement in the AMS team; and (4) lack of clinician expertise and education about AMS is a major hurdle. Key issues identified included: the need to develop and embed formal AMS policies; the need for organizational investment in personnel, information management systems, and staff education; and the need to establish a multidisciplinary approach to AMS with identifiable roles and responsibilities for each member of the team.
The Effect of OPRM1 rs648893 Gene Polymorphism on Opioid Addiction in an Iranian population in Zabol: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Rezaeifar Alireza , Dahmardeh Fatemeh
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Opioid addiction (OA) is a neurologically life-threatening challenge associated with socioeconomic and health concerns for individuals and society. The addictive drugs trigger neuromodulators and neurotransmitters through the opioid receptors and corresponding endogenous peptide ligands. In addition, drug addiction is reportedly related to the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) encoding gene and its variants. According to the role of the rs648893 polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene in numerous disorders, it has been suggested as a candidate associated with drug addiction. The present case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of OPRM1 rs648893 polymorphism in the OA risk. Methods: To this end, the rs648893 polymorphism was genotyped by tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction among 160 Iranian subjects consisting of 105 OA cases and 155 controls. Results: According to our findings, there was no significant association between OA and the OPRM1 rs648893 gene polymorphism. Moreover, a marginally insignificant difference was found between OA cases and controls in accordance with the allelic frequencies (P=0.05) Conclusion: In general, our results reported no association between OPRM1 rs648893 gene polymorphism and OA although further research among various ethnicities with larger sample sizes is needed to draw a definite conclusion on the association of rs648893 polymorphism and other OPRM1 intronic variants with opioid and other addictions.
The Long and Winding Road: A Systematic Literature Review Conceptualising Pathways for Hypertension Care and Control in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Brathwaite Rachel , Hutchinson Eleanor , McKee Martin , Palafox Benjamin , Balabanova Dina
Published: July 2020

Background: Hypertension control is poor everywhere, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). An effective response requires understanding factors acting at each stage on the patients’ pathway through the health system from entry or first contact with the health system, through to treatment initiation and follow up. This systematic review aimed to identify barriers to and facilitators of hypertension control along this pathway and, respectively, ways to overcome or strengthen them. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL Plus, and Africa-Wide Information (1980-April 2019) were searched for studies of hypertensive adults in LMICs reporting details of at least 2 adequately described health system contacts. Data were extracted and analysed by 2 reviewers. Themes were developed using NVivo in patient-related (sociodemographic, knowledge and health beliefs, health status and co-morbidities, trade-offs), social (social relationships and traditions) and health system domains (resources and processes). Results are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: From 2584 identified records, 30 were included in the narrative synthesis. At entry, ‘health systems resources and processes’ and ‘knowledge and beliefs about hypertension’ dominated while ‘social relations and traditions’ and ‘comorbidities’ assume greater importance subsequently, with patients making ‘trade-offs’ with family priorities during follow up. Socio-demographic factors play a role, but to a lesser extent than other factors. Context matters. Conclusion: Understanding the changing barriers to hypertension control along the patient journey is necessary to develop a comprehensive and efficient response to this persisting problem.
Medical Service Utilization and Direct Medical Cost of Stroke in Urban China
Authors: Zhu Dawei , Shi Xuefeng , Nicholas Stephen , Chen Siyuan , Ding Ruoxi , Huang Lieyu , Ma Yong , He Ping
Published: July 2020

Background: Understanding the treatment costs of stroke can guide health policies and interventions. However, few studies have analyzed the treatment costs of stroke in China. The aim of this study is to assess stroke-related medical service utilization, direct costs of stroke and associated stroke predictors, and, second, to understand the structure of medical resource use. Methods: This study used a 5% random sample of claim data from China’s Urban Basic Medical Insurance between January 2013 to December 2016. The sampling design assigned a sample weight to each beneficiary. Weighted descriptive analyses, Poisson regression and generalized linear model were used to analyze the medical service utilization, costs and their associations with patient characteristics. Results: In urban China, the annual prevalence of stroke was 730.43 (95% CI = 730.10-730.76) cases per 100 000 people, and nearly 2% of total health expenditures of urban residents was spent on stroke-related medical costs. Weighted average annual total medical cost of stroke was RMB10 637 [95% CI = 10 435-10 840] (US$1682, 95% CI = 1650-1714), with annual out-of-pocket (OOP) cost of RMB3093 [95% CI = 3026-3161] (US$489, 95% CI = 478-500). The average yearly number of stroke-related outpatient visit was 1.67 [SD = 3.39] and inpatient admission was 0.79 [SD = 0.83], with an average cost of RMB440 [SD = 739] (US$70, SD = 117) for outpatients and RMB12 702 [SD = 21 424] (US$2008, SD = 3387) for inpatients. Inpatient costs accounted for 94% (RMB10 034 or US$ 1586) of medical costs, and tertiary hospitals were the main provider of stroke care. Stroke-related medical care utilization and direct costs were associated with gender, age, pathological stroke types and insurance status. Medication costs contributed to 50.6% (RMB5382 or US$ 851) of the average stroke-related medical costs. Conclusion: China’s health system bares a large economic burden from stroke. Specific policies are needed to strengthen the capacity of secondary hospitals, alter the structure of medical resource allocation, and target specific sections of the stroke population.
COVID-19 – An Opportunity to Redesign Health Policy Thinking
Authors: Sturmberg Joachim P. , Tsasis Peter , Hoemeke Laura
Published: July 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) dramatically unveiled the fragile state of the world’s health and social systems – the lack of emergency health crisis preparedness (under-resourced, weak leadership, strategic plans without clear lines of authority), siloed policy frameworks (focus on individual diseases and the lack of integration of health into the whole of societal activity and its impact on individual as well as community well-being and prosperity), and unclear communication (misguided rationale of policies, inconsistent interpretation of data). The net result is fear – about the disease, about risks and survival, and about economic security. We discuss the interdependencies among these domains and their emergent dynamics and emphasise the need for a robust distributed health system and for transparent communication as the basis for trust in the system. We conclude that systems thinking and complexity sciences should inform the redesign of strong health systems urgently to respond to the current health crisis and over time to build healthy, resilient, and productive communities.
A case report of an unexpected traumatic brain injury following severe child abuse
Authors: Habibzadeh Seyed Reza , Bolvardi Ehsan , Rayat Dost Esmail , Foroughian Mahdi
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Child abuse has been defined as allowing others to cause physical, emotional, and sexual harm, and also physical and emotional pain to a child. The present study was a report on a case of physical and sexual child abuse accompanied by traumatic brain injury (TBI) referred to an emergency department. Case Presentation: A 4-year-old child was rushed into an emergency department by her mother. At the time of hospital admission, the child was feeling confused and drowsy and had symptoms of hemorrhage in the right preperitoneal space as well as bleeding from the mouth. According to the pattern of the child’s admission to the emergency department, contradictory descriptions by parents, clinical examinations, and TBI pattern; the probability of a case of child abuse was raised. Thus; neurosurgery, legal medicine, gynecology, and surgery consultations were requested. With regard to the brain injury and epidural hematoma, immediate measures (i.e. head lifting, taking Dilantin, blood glucose control, blood pressure control, and maintaining adequate oxygen saturation in the arterial blood) were taken to put a stop to secondary brain injury, and the patient was then transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) for further treatments. Conclusion: In the present case study, the child was seriously examined and followed up. In conclusion; 20 days later, the case was discharged from the pediatric ward with good medical conditions, and received counseling and psychiatric services for one year.
ТЕХНОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ГІРНИЧО-ЗБАГАЧУВАЛЬНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА МАРГАНЦЕВОРУДНОЇ СИРОВИНИ
Authors: Prokopenko Vasyl , Cherep Andrii , Pilova Daria
Published: July 2020

Мета – узагальнення вихідних даних та науково-прикладне визначення технологічних факторів, які обумовлюють концептуальний підхід до поліпшення економічних результатів процесів видобування корисної копалини та її збагачення, а в підсумку ефективність виробничої діяльності гірничо-збагачувального підприємства.Методика полягає в обґрунтуванні факторів технологічного й економічного підходів до оцінювання виробничих процесів видобування й збагачення марганцеворудної сировини, що визначають собівартість концентрату, втрати запасів рудної сировини та металу у відходах збагачення, а також обсяг розкривних порід, які треба розробити для виготовлення заданого обсягу концентрату.Результати. Визначена невідповідність технологічної схеми гірничих робіт на марганцевих кар'єрах ПГЗК вимогам виробництва конкурентного концентрату у разі зниженого попиту, а також напрям її реконструкції. Обґрунтований вплив якості рудо-потоку на економічні результати гірничо-збагачувального виробництва й визначено раціональні умови усереднення якості рудної сировини різних кар’єрів. Розроблений науково-прикладний підхід до визначення раціонального обсягу розкривних порід, який забезпечує розкриття рудного пласта в обсязі, що дозволяє мінімізувати витрати кар’єру на розкривні роботи.Наукова новизна. Визначений принцип удосконалення технологічної схеми видобування горизонтального рудного пласта при зниженому попиті на продукцію. Узагальнений методичний підхід до оцінювання ефективності виробничої діяльності гірничо-збагачувального підприємства, ураховуючи собівартість концентрату, втрати запасів рудної сировини та металу у відходах збагачення, а також обсяг розкривних порід, що задовольняє ринковий попит на концентрат. Встановлена певна непрямолінійна залежність між якістю марганцевої руди та ступенем вилучення металу в концентрат, яку слід оцінювати при формуванні рудо-потоку, що збагачується.Практичне значущість. Оцінена технологія гірничих робіт на кар’єрах ПГЗК за собівартістю концентрату, що відображає їх адаптацію до ринкових умов господарювання. Визначений статистичний взаємозв’язок між технолого-економічними умовами видобування рудної сировини та якістю рудо-потоку (за вмістом металу). Запропонований методичний підхід до усереднення марганцевої руди по двох групах кар’єрів, що забезпечує найбільший обсяг вилученого металу та мінімізує витрати підприємства на розкривні роботи.
ANALYSIS OF THE EXPRESSION OF BIRCH STRESS TOLERANCE GENES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF DROUGHT IN THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION
Authors: Grodeckaya Tat'yana , Evlakov Petr , Isakov Igor
Published: July 2020

Birch is one of the main deciduous forest-forming species in the European part of Russia, but the impact of stress (in particular, drought) greatly limits its distribution. In this regard, it seems relevant to identify resistance mechanisms in order to select promising genotypes for their further reproduction. The aim of this work is to identify drought-tolerant genotypes of European birch (B. pendula Roth.), pubescent birch (B. pubescens Ehrh.) аnd their hybrids. For the study, we have taken samples of birch at the age of 26 years, which remained viable after the droughts of 2010 and 2013. Birch leaves have been selected in the third decade of June 2019 to analyze drought resistance. Leaves of birch, selected during the period with optimal conditions of air temperature and precipitation, have been used as control ones. A modified CTAB method has been proposed for RNA isolation. We studied the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the activation of cell defense pathways under the influence of abiotic stress (pal, PR-1, PR-10, lea8, DREB2) during the drought period (June 2019). A study of the expression of genes encoding proteins of metabolic pathways that are activated in response to abiotic stress (phenylpropanoid pathway) associated with the pathogenesis of proteins (PR1 and PR10), transcription factors (DREB2), and late embryogenesis proteins (LEA) has been made. As a result of the effects of drought, a significant increase in the expression of pal, PR-1, PR-10 and DREB2 genes has been detected in the analyzed samples. At the same time, changes in lea8 gene expression were detected for two out of ten genotypes. The largest increase in expression for all five genes is shown for birch samples 29-58 and 233. It indicates the development of adaptive mechanisms in these genotypes and can characterize them as the most stable. The studied genes can be recommended as markers for the analysis of stress resistance in various species of woody plants
Estigma y trabajo sexual en Colombia: la construcción de cuerpos deseables
Authors: Ávila Samuel Asdrúbal
Published: July 2020

Las trabajadoras sexuales en Colombia, como en otros lugares del mundo, son estigmatizadas. Las trabajadoras sexuales cometen la doble “falta” de ser mujeres y de hacer lo que se considera un uso equivocado de su sexualidad. Pero la estigmatización que se ejerce sobre ellas tiene un carácter estructural. Se replica en todas las instancias de la sociedad, en la prensa, el mundo académico y en las entidades gubernamentales. Una muestra de ello es la descripción y análisis que se realiza en este artículo de documentos de la Corte Constitucional de Colombia, una entidad judicial, acerca de las trabajadoras sexuales.
construcción de “lo afro” por parte del Instituto Nacional contra la Discriminación, la Xenofobia y el Racismo (INADI). Un estudio centrado en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: García Martina Inés
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo se propone analizar la labor del Instituto Nacional contra la Discriminación, la Xenofobia y el Racismo (INADI) en relación con la temática afro. Esta tarea se realiza en dos sentidos: por un lado, describiendo los encuadres con los que dicho organismo encaró el abordaje de esta temática a lo largo de su historia institucional y, por el otro, dando seguimiento a las propuestas orientadas a combatir la discriminación hacia personas que el INADI define como afro desarrolladas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires durante los últimos años. Nuestra finalidad es comprender el abordaje específico sobre el cual este organismo interviene sobre “lo afro”. En tal sentido, nos proponemos responder quiénes son los destinatarios de sus políticas, cómo son concebidas las “personas afro” por parte del INADI y sobre qué estrategias este organismo monta su lucha contra el racismo. Los resultados que aquí se plasman se han obtenido mediante metodología de tradición antropológica en combinación con el análisis de documentos producidos o utilizados por el INADI.
Políticas culturales y afrodescendencia en Argentina: un análisis posible de sus configuraciones estatales en la etapa post-bicentenaria
Authors: Parody Viviana
Published: July 2020

A partir de la reapertura democrática, en la ciudad de Buenos Aires comenzaron a difundirse expresiones danzarias y sonoras de origen afrodescendiente, en gran parte gracias al aporte de trabajadores culturales afrolatinoamericanos en situación de migración. Con el correr de las décadas, estas iniciativas favorecieron la visibilización de la población afroargentina, el incremento de organizaciones políticas “afro” y, finalmente, la inclusión de activistas afrodescendientes en el desempeño estatal. A pesar de ello, y del acompañamiento académico y la adhesión juvenil con la que cuentan este tipo de expresiones afrodescendientes, el rechazo de algunos sectores de la sociedad frente a su institucionalización y/o su despliegue en la vía pública sigue poniendo en evidencia la negación persistente que en Argentina le recae a este tipo de acervo, lo que dejaría a los grupos cristalizados en una perenne lucha por el “reconocimiento”.

Sorteando la primacía de la traducción porteño-centrista de estos procesos, en el presente artículo me propongo analizar este devenir partiendo de poner en discusión la propia idea de “política cultural” según es concebida desde diversas perspectivas en América Latina, y de manera restringida en Argentina. Valiéndome de una labor etnográfica multisituada que tanto abarca el accionar estatal como la agencia de los protagonistas, analizo de forma sincrónica y diacrónica el caso porteño advirtiendo la proyección que este caudal movilizado tiene sobre el interior del país. Se estiman contradicciones y posibilidades de esta etapa post-bicentenaria caracterizada por el ingreso del Estado (metropolitano, nacional o provincial) como “nuevo actor” en esta dinámica inicial de movilización de los grupos.
FENOMENA KERUGIAN TEKANAN DALAM SALURAN UDARA BERTEKANAN DIATAS SATU ATMOSFER
Authors: Intang Ambo , Muhaimin Muhaimin , Darmawan Riki
Published: July 2020

Praktikum Fenomena Dasar Mesin merupakan praktikum yang dilakukan untuk membuktikan teori-teori pada mata kuliah dasar keteknik-mesinan dalam hal ini salah satunya adalah teori tentang fenomena kerugian tekanan pada aliran mampu mampat pada suatu saliuran dengan kecepatan aliran tetap pada sisi masuk dan keluar saluran yang bertekanan diatas satu atmosfer. Hal ini dianalisis deengan menggunakan hukum kontinuitas dan kekelan massa dalam mekanika fulida. Pada penelitian ini alat percobaan yang dirancang berhasil membuktikan bahwa berdasarkan hukum kekekalan massa dan kekontinuitasan dimana luas penampang masuk dan keluar aliran udara serta berat jenis udara tidak berubah maka kecepatan aliran fluida masuk dan keluarpun tetap sama  sehingga seharusnya tekanan aliran tidak menurun dengan betambahnya jarak antara sisi masuk  aliran udara terhadap sisi luarannya, akan tetapi terjadi penurunan tekanan karena adanya faktor gesekan dalam saluran yang tidak bisa diabaikan.  Fenomena lain yang ditunjukkan pada penelitian ini adalah ketika kecepatan aliran diturunkan maka besar tekanan pada setiap titik tekan juga menurun. Hal ini terjadi karena dengan diturunkannya kecepatan alir maka energi kinetik aliran juga menurun sehingga tekanan alirannyapun menjadi lebih kecil.  Tetapi penelitian ini belum berhasil membuktikan fenomena klasik dari hubungan kecepatan aliran fulida dan perubahan tekanan aliran bahwa untuk mendapatkan tekanan yang lebih besar maka kecepatan aliran harus lebih kecil.

Kata kunci : fenomena dasar mesin, mekanika fluida , tekanan dan kecepatan alir
Results of geological-petrographic study of 1998–2018 of the ilmenogorsky complex, South Urals
Authors: Korinevsky V.G. , Korinevsky E.V.
Published: July 2020

The data on fndings of new minerals for the Ilmeny Mountains, the Urals and the world and new rocks for the Ilmeny Mountains are summarized. The main results of geological works at the territory of the Ilmeny State Reserve, which changed the ideas of its geological evolution, are shown.
THE SPEECH INFLUENCING POTENTIAL OF MASS MEDIA: THE ROLE OF PAUSE
Authors: Moscheva S.V.
Published: July 2020

This article involved is devoted to the peculiarities of an advertising prosodic organization. The most actively used types of pauses and their role in the formation and perception of a suggestive discourse have been revealed on an auditory analysis basis. Attention is paid to an utterance meaning deformation as a result of incorrect pause usage. When studying the functional characteristics of the pause the author considers it as a means of emotional and willful influence on an addressee. The investigation has been carried out using the author's case of examples assembled by the continuous selection method from English and Russian mass media - radio and TV channels. In conclusion it is emphasized that the pause as a complex phenomenon in oral speech is characterized by an inadvertent or intended stop of the speech production process and it performs communicative, pragmatic and expressive functions.
THE EXTREME NORTH AS A GEOPOETIC IMAGE IN THE LITERATURE OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH OF YAKUTIA
Authors: Burtseva Zh.V.
Published: July 2020

The starting point for highlighting the Northern text of the literature of Yakutia from the point of view of geographical toponymic characteristics is the concept of “Far North (Arctic)”. The article is devoted to the analysis of this system-forming concept in the literature of the Indigenous peoples of the North of Yakutia, which includes landscape, natural images, signs, symbols of this territory in their generalized integrity (tundra, taiga, sea, rivers, mountains, nomadic paths, winter, snow, cold, nomad, deer, bear and others). The description of the northern territories and images in an artistic interpretation is filled with a distinctive symbolic meaning associated with local mythology, sacred geography. The results of the study show that the concept of “Far North” is not a thematic phenomenon, not a geographical location, but a special attitude. This is a whole picture of the world, preserving national identity in itself, both in form and in content, in value guidelines.
Penerapan Model Advance Organizer untuk Peningkatan Minat dan Prestasi Belajar Matematika
Authors: Palobo Markus , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Rhamadani Via
Published: July 2020

This research is a classroom action research that aims to increase interest and achievement of learning mathematics using Advance Organizer model. This research was conducted in two cycles with 4 meetings in each cycle. Subjects in the study consisted of 28 students, 17 male students and 11 female students of grade IX SMP Negeri 2 Merauke. Data collection techniques used are test techniques for achievement tests and non-test techniques for interest questionnaires and observation sheets. The result of the research is the interest of learning mathematics of students in cycle I was 64,29% which is in good category and very good and in cycle II student learning interest increased to 78,58% which is in good category and very good. Student learning achievement in pre cycle with the value above 61 was 35,71% complete. In the first cycle student achievement increased by 53.57% of students value above 61 and on the second cycle student achievement increased to78.57% of students who reached Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM). Based on the result, it can be concluded that Advance Organizer model can increase interest and achievement of mathematics learning of grade IX students of SMP Negeri 2 Merauke.
Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Pegawai Badan Pusat Statistik
Authors: Rahayaan Nurmila , Tjilen Alexander Phuk , Tambajong Hesty
Published: July 2020

Work stress is a problem that currently becomes a conversation and its position is very important because it relates to work productivity. The progress of the organization relies heavily on the ups and downs of its employees ' work productivity. Therefore, the influence of the two becomes an interesting thing to be examined. This research aims to find out how much work stress affects the working productivity of the employees Central agency of Merauke District. This type of research is quantitative with sampling technique i.e. total sampling. Data processing using SPSS application version 23. The results showed that there was a significant and positive influence between working stress on the work productivity of the central Statistic agency of Merauke district. From the correlation analysis done, the strength of the influence between the two variables is in the medium category (0.407) with the donation of impact variable work stress to the working productivity variable by 16.6%. The remainder (83.4%), employee work productivity of the District Central Statistics of Merauke regency was influenced by other variables not examined in the study. Work stress experienced by employees of Central Agency Statistics Merauke District is in the low category with the productivity of high-generated work. This is due to the employees of the Central Statistics Agency Merauke District can conduct self-control of the stress experienced, has a high motivation and work and loyalty and has familiarize themselves with the demands of the work So.
Prevention of Corruption with Early Anti-Corruption Education
Authors: Suradinata Poetri , Kalalo Julianto JJ , Alputila Marlyn , Tambajong Hesty
Published: July 2020

A clean country, like a healthy body. A clean and healthy Indonesia remains hope. The implementation of anti-corruption education at an early age is the foundation of the morality foundation of future generations who dare to say corruption is forbidden. This research aims to provide new ideas to the public or educators to instill anti-corruption values â€‹â€‹from an early age. The method used is the literature study of relevant texts in the form of journals and literature. The results of this study are to find an Anti-Corruption Education model that is through the method of democracy, joint search, exemplary methods, live in methods that are suitable for children to have high integrity by instilling anti-corruption values, suitable learning resources to support learning activities PAK is a natural and socio-cultural environment, textbooks and text books, audio visuals, and the internet. Suggestions in this study are to urge the government to require Anti-Corruption Education to be given from elementary schools to tertiary institutions.
Asymmetric Policy on Border Management
Authors: Mite Elias , Chrismas Ramos Da , Teturan Yohanes Endes , Serano Vinsenco R , Jalal Nur , Tjilen Alexander P
Published: July 2020

The management of state borders between Indonesia and PNG holds potential problems in the form of differences in socio-economic conditions between the two countries. While socially and culturally, people in the two countries have close kinship ties. This paper intends to recommend an asymmetric policy for managing national border areas, especially between Merauke and PNG. The conclusion of this study is that the adoption of the ChinaVietnam border management model can be applied in the management of the Indonesia-PNG border. This adoption is accompanied by several strategies in the form of: acceleration of construction of facilities and infrastructure, strengthening the socio-economic conditions of border communities, human resource development and strengthening of good institutional aspects.
DETERMINAN AKTIVITAS SELF-CARE PADA PASIEN DM TIPE 2 DI RSUD LABUANG BAJI
Authors: Adimuntja Natalia Paskawati
Published: July 2020

Epidemiological transitions are characterized by increasing non-communicable diseases in the community. One of the non-communicable diseases that are found is Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 disease. The purpose of this research is to know the determinant of self-care diabetes activity in patients with type 2 diabetes at the Labuang Baji Hospital in Makassar City. The research design is cross-sectional study. The population is all patients with type 2 diabetes DM treatment in 2016. Sampling is done by probability sampling technique with simple random sampling method and the number of sample 136 people. The results showed that respondents with self-care activities were less than 35 people (25.7%) and respondents with good self-care activities as many as 101 people (74.3%). The result of bivariate analysis (chi-square) showed that significant factor was correlated with self-care activity of DM type 2 patients with p-value
Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Gizi Seimbang, Citra Tubuh, Tingkat Kecukupan Energi dan Zat Gizi Makro dengan Status Gizi pada Siswa SMA Negeri 86 Jakarta
Authors: Fitriani Rika
Published: July 2020

Permasalahan gizi yang sering dihadapi oleh remaja adalah masalah gizi ganda, yaitu gizi kurang dan gizi lebih. Status gizi seseorang dapat ditentukan oleh faktor gizi internal dan eksternal. Pengetahuan gizi, citra tubuh, tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi makro merupakan faktor-faktor yang berkesinambungan mempengaruhi status gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi seimbang, citra tubuh, tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi makro dengan status gizi pada siswa SMA Negeri 86 Jakarta. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik deskriptif. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu proportionate stratified random sampling sebanyak  91 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan gizi seimbang (p=0,0001), citra tubuh (p=0,0001), tingkat kecukupan energi (p=0,0001), tingkat kecukupan lemak (p=0,019), tingkat kecukupan karbohidrat (p=0,044) dengan status gizi siswa. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan gizi seimbang, citra tubuh, tingkat kecukupan energi dan zat gizi makro (lemak dan karbohidrat), dan citra tubuh dengan status gizi siswa SMA Negeri 86 Jakarta. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya penyuluhan mengenai gizi seimbang, pemantauan status gizi remaja di sekolah, serta diharapkan siswa agar lebih memperhatikan asupan dan pola makannya.