bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the VWF/ADAMTS13 Axis in the Thromboinflammatory Response in Ischemic Stroke After SARS‐CoV2 Infection
Authors: Luka Nadim , South Kieron , Jones Rachel , Unsworth Amanda J. , Coutts Graham , Mosneag Ioana‐Emilia , Younas Mehwish , Bradley Amy , Wong Siew Yan , Collins Ellen , Quigley Chloe , Knight Sean B. , McColl Barry W. , McCulloch Laura , Grainger John R. , Smith Craig J. , Allan Stuart M.
Published: February 2025

Background

SARS‐CoV2 infections increase the risk of ischemic stroke (IS), potentially through a thromboinflammatory cascade driven by an imbalance in the ratio of Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13 (ADAMTS13), leading to the formation of ultra‐large VWF (UL‐VWF). However, the SARS‐CoV2 infection's contribution to any VWF/ADAMTS13 axis imbalance and the subsequent thromboinflammatory response post‐stroke remain poorly understood.

Methods

We performed a detailed thromboinflammatory profile of the plasma samples from three experimental cohorts matched by age, sex, and stroke severity: non‐stroke controls (n = 23), SARS‐CoV2 negative IS (n = 22), and SARS‐CoV2 positive IS (n = 24). SARS‐CoV2 positive IS patients presented varying degrees of infection severity.

Results

We observed an increase in VWF and UL‐VWF and a decrease in ADAMTS13 in the SARS‐CoV2 positive IS cohort, suggesting a VWF/ADAMTS13 axis imbalance. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels were positively correlated with VWF and negatively correlated with ADAMTS13, suggesting that IL‐6 may drive this imbalance. Fibrinogen and D‐Dimers were elevated in SARS‐CoV2 negative IS cohort and SARS‐CoV2 positive IS cohort, but D‐Dimers were within the normal range, indicating no disseminated intravascular coagulation. Factor IX (FIX) was elevated in the SARS‐CoV2 negative IS cohort. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was elevated in the SARS‐CoV2 positive IS cohort, suggesting no fibrinolysis defects. Matrix Metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) and soluble Intracellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) were elevated in the SARS‐CoV2 negative IS cohort.

Conclusions

We show that SARS‐CoV2 infections drive a VWF/ADAMTS13 axis imbalance, inducing an increase in tPA while decreasing FIX, MMP‐2, and sICAM‐1 post‐stroke.
Association of the Lipidome With Alzheimer's Disease and the Mediated Effect of Metabolites: A Two‐Step Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Yu Yunfeng , Deng Juan , Yang Xinyu , Wu Jingyi , Yu Rong , Guo Chenlu
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to explore the causal effects of lipidome on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the mediated effects of the metabolites using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods

Data were obtained in genome‐wide association studies, and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were screened according to the underlying assumptions of MR. Subsequently, weighted inverse variance was used to analyze the causality of lipidome with AD as well as the mediated effects of metabolites. Finally, MR‐Egger, Cochran's Q, and sensitivity analysis were used to assess horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and robustness of the results, respectively.

Results:

The MR analysis showed that phosphatidylcholine (PC) (15:0_18:2) (mediated proportion: 18.30%, p = 0.024) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18:0_18:2) (mediated proportion: 14.60%, p = 0.028) mediated the reduction of AD risk by lowering betaine levels, which revealed lipidomic susceptibility. The MR‐Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy for all results (p ≥ 0.05). Cochran's Q showed heterogeneity in some of the results. Sensitivity analysis indicated that all results were robust.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal the pathways through which PC (15:0_18:2) and PE (18:0_18:2) mediated the reduction of AD risk by lowering betaine levels.
Amplified Intraindividual Variability in Motor Performance in Stroke Survivors: Links to Cognitive and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Delmas Stefan , Tiwari Anjali , Tseng Han‐Yun , Poisson Sharon N. , Diehl Manfred , Lodha Neha
Published: February 2025

Background

Intraindividual variability (IIV) in motor performance reflects unintentional fluctuations in the motor output across repeated attempts. Behavioral variability in older adults has been linked to impaired neuronal integrity and cognitive decline. Despite this, the traditional motor assessments in stroke have neglected to characterize IIV in motor performance also known as “motor inconsistency.” Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of stroke on motor inconsistency and its relationship with cognitive and clinical outcomes.

Methods

Sixty‐six stroke survivors and 32 healthy older adults performed 30 trials of a goal‐directed task to match a force‐time target of 10 N in 180 ms. To measure motor inconsistency, we applied a well‐established approach to measuring IIV from the cognitive aging literature that accounts for the inherent, systematic effects of practice and mean‐level performance on IIV. In addition, participants completed domain‐specific cognitive evaluations and global clinical assessments. Domain‐specific cognitive evaluations assessed episodic memory, visuospatial processing, processing speed, and executive function. Global clinical assessments included years of education as a proxy of cognitive reserve, the Dementia Rating Scale‐2 (DRS‐2), ankle strength, and the Modified Rankin Score (mRS).

Results

Stroke survivors exhibited greater motor inconsistency compared with healthy older adults. Declines in domain‐specific cognitive function, particularly executive dysfunction, predicted motor inconsistency in stroke survivors. Cognitive reserve and mRS emerged as significant predictors of motor inconsistency.

Conclusions

Stroke significantly impairs the ability to perform a motor task with consistency. Compromised executive function following stroke is associated with increased motor inconsistency. Interestingly, reduced cognitive reserve and greater functional disability are linked to increased motor inconsistency in stroke survivors. These findings highlight that inconsistency is an important indicator of motor dysfunction following stroke that is linked to cognitive and clinical outcomes and may serve as an important target for stroke rehabilitation.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Older Asian, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islanders Lung Cancer Survivors
Authors: Pan Yancen , Chang Chun‐Pin Esther , Tao Randa , Daud Anees , Shen Jincheng , Wong Nathan D. , Nianogo Roch A. , Rao Jianyu , Varghese Thomas , Zhang Zuo‐Feng , Hashibe Mia
Published: February 2025

Background

There may be heterogeneity in lung cancer‐related outcomes for individuals who are Asian, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islanders (ANHPI).

Objectives

The aims of this study were to investigate possible disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk between ANHPI and Non‐Hispanic White (NHW) lung cancer survivors and evaluate potential CVD risk factors.

Methods

A total of 3920 ANHPI and 11,760 NHW lung cancer patients aged 66 years and older were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare registry from 1999 to 2017. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for incident CVD, comparing ANHPI lung cancer patients and their race/ethnicity subgroups to NHW lung cancer patients.

Results

Compared to NHW lung cancer patients, ANHPI lung cancer patients had a lower risk of developing heart failure (HR, 0.64, 95% CI, 0.53–0.76) and ischemic heart disease (HR, 0.76, 95% CI, 0.60–0.95). Additionally, compared to Chinese lung cancer patients, Pacific Islander, South Asian, and Southeast Asian lung cancer patients had a higher risk of heart failure.

Conclusion

While ANHPI lung cancer patients had lower risks of heart failure and ischemic heart disease than NHW lung cancer patients, heterogeneity in risk was observed among ANHPI subgroups. Further research is needed to investigate the reasons for the higher risk of several CVDs among Pacific Islander, South Asian, and Southeast Asian lung cancer patients.
How Causal Attributions for Income Status Moderate the Link Between Income and Subjective Well‐Being
Authors: Zhao Qin , Chen Tao
Published: February 2025

Human beings tend to seek causal explanations for whatever happens to or around them. In the present research, we examined how causal attributions for income status impact the relationships between personal income status and subjective well‐being in American samples. In Study 1, participants' income‐attribution types were assessed, whereas in Study 2, participants were randomly assigned to one of three priming conditions about the causes of income status: individualistic, structural vs. luck attributions. The results of both studies showed that higher income status was linked to less perceived deprivation and greater life satisfaction for participants with (or primed with) structural attributions; however, these income effects were reduced (Study 1) or insignificant (Study 2) for participants with (or primed with) individualistic attributions. Moreover, Study 2 found that the income effects were the strongest for participants primed with luck attributions among the three attribution groups. The results suggest that as the sense of control reduces, the associations between income and well‐being increase. The research sheds light on how meaning systems, such as attributional beliefs, moderate people's psychological responses to income status, which could then help explain or predict different behavioural responses. The practical implications of the present research were also discussed.
Conjugation of Human N‐Glycans Improves the Drug Properties of Existing Peptides and Proteins
Authors: Nishiuchi Yuji , Elouali Sofia , Noguchi Masato , Ochiai Hirofumi
Published: February 2025

Glycosylation is one of the most ubiquitous post‐translational modifications observed in peptides and proteins. It affects the structural and functional characteristics of these macromolecules, thereby exerting a profound influence on a multitude of biological processes. N‐Glycans are expected to be a beneficial modifier for increasing the solubility and in vivo half‐life, and reducing the aggregation and immunogenicity of native bioactive peptides and proteins, which have seen limited clinical utility due to their short blood half‐life and unsuitable physicochemical properties. Chemoselective glycosylation reactions that can be conducted post‐synthesis and in aqueous conditions are a promising strategy for the high‐throughput development of peptide/protein drugs. This “glycoconjugation” approach is particularly advantageous in that manipulation of glycan protecting groups is not necessary, thereby allowing conjugation reactions to be carried out between target molecules and unprotected glycans. By providing a single glycosylation profile, i.e., glycan structure, number, and position, glycoconjugation not only allows the beneficial properties of N‐glycans to be exploited, but also facilitates the investigation of N‐glycan function.
Avascular Necrosis Complicated by Osteomyelitis in a Lupus Patient With Active Renal Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Mohammad Nejadhosseinian , Pouya Hadighi , Leila Aghaghazvini , Monirsadat Hakemi , Reza Atef Yekta , Maassoumeh Akhlaghi , Hoda Kavosi , Majid Alikhani , Maryam Loghman , Samira Salehi , Mohammad Ali Mozaffari , Mazyar Babagoli , Taghva Nakhjiri Mobina , Seyedeh Tahereh Faezi
Published: February 2025

This case highlights the importance of taking Systemic Lupus Erythematosus seriously and its possible concurrent musculoskeletal complications, as they can have significant health implications. Consulting and encouraging patients to adhere to the treatment is crucial. Although this case survived osteomyelitis without amputation, this outcome is rare and cannot be generalized.
A Case of Trimethoprim‐Sulfamethoxazole Associated Aseptic Meningitis
Authors: Khan Malik W. Z. , Moeez Abdul , Farooq Sameen , Saeed Adam , Qudrat Salma , Ali Farishta , Khan Faheemullah
Published: February 2025

Most cases of aseptic meningitis, or nonsuppurative meningitis, are caused by viruses or systemic diseases. Nonetheless, drug‐induced aseptic meningitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis, particularly with the recent use of antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. We describe a case of meningitis associated with the use of Trimethoprim‐Sulfamethoxazole (TMP‐SMX) in a 72‐year‐old male with comorbidities. A 72‐year‐old male with a history of diabetes, hypertension, Parkinson's disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and a recent use of TMP‐SMX for a urinary tract infection (UTI) presented with altered mental status, neck rigidity, tachycardia, and a fever of 102.8°F. CT scan of the head and abdomen and chest x‐ray revealed no significant findings. Empiric treatment with ampicillin, vancomycin, acyclovir, and ceftriaxone was initiated after two failed attempts at lumbar puncture, resulting in the improvement of all symptoms except for altered mental status within 24 h. Analysis of CSF, obtained via a successful subsequent lumbar puncture, was negative for microorganisms. The patient was labeled as a case of TMP‐SMX‐induced aseptic meningitis (TSIAM) due to the recent use of the drug for UTI. All the antibiotics and antivirals were discontinued, and all his symptoms resolved within 5 days of presentation. TSIAM is a diagnosis of exclusion, and a low threshold of suspicion should be maintained when CSF microscopy and culture show no microorganisms. This case illustrates the significance of prompt recognition of TSIAM and highlights the importance of thorough history‐taking in preventing complications associated with drug‐induced aseptic meningitis, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Hyperthyroidism‐Induced Nondiabetic Ketoacidosis: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Battikh Elias , Mostafa Sherif , Alfar Hadeel , Obaid Koutaibah , Ahmed Ashraf I. , Sawaf Bisher , Al‐Mohanadi Dabia
Published: February 2025

Hyperthyroidism, marked by excess thyroid hormones (T4 and T3), presents with symptoms like palpitations, heat intolerance, anxiety, and weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite. Diagnosis involves low serum TSH levels and elevated free T4 and/or T3. Rarely, hyperthyroidism can lead to nondiabetic ketoacidosis (NDKA). This report describes a 40‐year‐old woman with palpitations, chest discomfort, heat intolerance, insomnia, and significant weight loss. Laboratory tests showed severely suppressed TSH, elevated free T4 and T3, and high anion gap metabolic acidosis with elevated ketone levels. She was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism‐induced NDKA. Hyperthyroidism can promote lipolysis and ketogenesis, potentially leading to NDKA. Though uncommon, it is essential for clinicians to consider hyperthyroidism in NDKA cases when common causes are excluded. Our patient's symptoms significantly improved with propranolol and carbimazole treatment. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing hyperthyroidism as a potential cause of NDKA. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment with antithyroid medications can lead to complete symptom resolution and normalization of biochemical markers.
The First‐Principles Study on the Mechanism of the RWGS Reaction Catalyzed by Pt1@CeO2‐x(110) Single‐Atom Catalyst
Authors: Gai Ying , Li Shilong , Wang Haohao , Pu Min , Lei Ming
Published: February 2025

CeO2 exhibits superior catalytic activity and selectivity in the reverse water‐gas shift (RWGS) reaction when combined with transition metals. Herein, a density functional theory (DFT) study was conducted to systematically investigate the mechanism of the RWGS reaction catalyzed by a Pt1/CeO2‐x(110) single‐atom catalyst. The dominant pathways for the H2 dissociation and the oxygen vacancy (VO) formation on Pt1/CeO2(110) surfaces, as well as for the H2 dissociation on Pt1/CeO2‐x(110) surfaces, were elucidated. The RWGS reaction pathways involving linear and bent CO2 adsorption on the Pt1/CeO2‐x(110) surface were explored, including the conventional redox mechanism, formate (HCOO) pathway, and carboxyl (COOH) pathway. The COOH pathway for linearly adsorbed CO2 (li‐CO2*→COOH*→CO*+OH*→CO*+H2O*) was found to be the most favorable route for the CO production. The rate‐determining step of the overall reaction is the dissociation of COOH* (COOH*→CO*+OH*), which has a relatively low activation barrier of 0.65 eV. These findings not only provide valuable theoretical insights into the catalytic performance of CeO2‐based materials in the RWGS reaction but also enhance the understanding of its reaction mechanisms.
Fv‐SFL: A Contrastive Learning‐Based Feature Sharing Method for Reducing the Effect of Label Skewed Data Heterogeneity in Federated Medical Imaging
Authors: Panda Soumyaranjan , Pareek Vikas , Saxena Sanjay
Published: February 2025

Deep learning plays a crucial role in medical image analysis. Traditionally, it involves the collection of patient images at a central location. For this reason, centralized approaches have encountered technical challenges such as data security vulnerabilities, data transfer bottlenecks, limited data diversity, and government regulatory hurdles like HIPAA and GDPR. Federated Learning presents an alternative approach by allowing model training without sharing patient data from client hospitals. However, it faces challenges such as label‐skewed data heterogeneity due to variations in population characteristics, biases, and disease prevalence among hospitals, which leads to performance drift during model training. We propose a framework called Feature vector sharing‐based Federated Learning (Fv‐SFL) to address this issue by combining a novel contrastive learning‐based feature‐sharing method and distribution‐discrepancy‐based aggregation. This introduces a local learning approach incorporating class‐wise feature vectors for federated learning. These vectors, defined as the average vectors of representations within distinct classes, allow for the utilization of clients' knowledge to refine local training. In addition to adjusting server aggregation, we integrate a distribution discrepancy method to calculate the weight for each client for server aggregation. We evaluate the effectiveness of our method for both multiclass and binary classification tasks by conducting experiments on two distinct datasets. Firstly, assess the method's performance on a multiclass classification task using the Ham10000 dataset. Secondly, evaluate its efficacy on a binary classification task using the COVID‐QU‐Ex dataset. Across various methods, Fv‐SFL consistently outperforms other federated learning methods, indicating its superior performance compared to alternative approaches. This framework effectively mitigates performance drift issues during model training caused by label‐skewed data heterogeneity by utilizing feature vector sharing‐based contrastive learning methods and discrepancy‐based global aggregation. Additionally, Fv‐SFL outperforms traditional FL methods by optimizing resource utilization with reasonable communication costs.
Bulky Ligands for Open Channels: Manganese (II) sql MOFs from Pyridyl‐Functionalised [3]Polynorbornanes
Authors: Murrell William , Usov Pavel M. , Hua Carol , Pfeffer Frederick Matthew
Published: February 2025

Two, semi‐linear, fused [n]polynorbornanes based aliphatic ligands (one a di‐Methyl ester LMe and the other a di‐Ethyl ester LEt) have been synthesised and used to form two isoreticular sql MOFs of the formula [Mn(L)2(NO3)2]. Crystal structure analysis revealed large pores with a distinct lack of interpenetration with the nets neatly aligned to create extended 1D channels. Of interest, the ester moieties of these ligands orient into the channels highlighting the potential for creating customised, pore functionalised MOFs.
RNA‐Based Biomarkers of Iron Metabolism in Dried Blood Spots for Detecting Recombinant Human Erythropoietin in Doping Control
Authors: Liu Xiao , Yan Tiantian , Xu Yitong , Zheng Xiaoci , Wu Die
Published: February 2025

Erythropoietin (EPO) abuse in sports has been a major challenge in doping analysis for decades. Although the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) serves as an indirect method for EPO detection, it requires continual improvement to increase its sensitivity and reliability. Biomarkers related to iron metabolism and erythropoiesis as complementary parameters to enhance the ABP hematology module have the potential to improve its ability to detect EPO indirectly. In this study, RNA was extracted from dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected over 28 days (days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 21, and 28) following the administration of therapeutic doses of recombinant human EPO (Yibiao, 50 IU/kg per dose, administered subcutaneously twice). The expression of four genes, namely, mitoferrin 1 (MFRN1), ferrochelatase (FECH), ferroportin (FPN), and ferritin heavy chain (FTH), was analyzed. The results revealed significant expression changes, with MFRN1 demonstrating peak increases of 2.43‐fold, and presented detection windows extending beyond Day 9, providing greater sensitivity and longer detection windows than traditional ABP parameters do. The integration of MFRN1 into the ABP framework has the potential to increase the detection of EPO misuse in athletes.
Transition‐Metal Catalyzed, Thermally Driven [2π+2π]‐Cycloadditions of Olefins and Alkynes
Authors: Rosca Dragos Adrian , Hertwig Leif E. , Becker Felix J.
Published: February 2025

The [2+2]‐cycloaddition of olefins and alkynes stands out as a versatile and atom‐economical strategy for synthesizing cyclobutane and cyclobutene building blocks, which are challenging to access through other synthetic methods. While photochemical approaches have traditionally dominated this field, thermally‐driven methods employing transition metals offer distinct advantages, including decreased reliance on pre‐functionalized substrates and improved scalability. This review explores the underlying principles of metal‐catalyzed [2+2]‐cycloadditions and highlights recent advances in thermally‐driven approaches for the efficient synthesis of cyclobutane and cyclobutene frameworks. Particular attention is given to electronically unbiased substrates, which remain a significant challenge for photochemical approaches.
Scientific Mapping of Global Research on Health Equity by 2023: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Sarikhani Yaser , Kalavani Arefeh , Najibi Seyede Maryam
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

There has been a growing focus on health equity (HE) within health systems. Studies in HE have revealed significant domains that have been the focus of attention for academics and research institutions. This research aimed to provide an in‐depth perspective on the research efforts conducted around the world concerning HE.

Methods

In this bibliometric study, we used co‐word analysis to map HE studies indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed by the end of 2023. A comprehensive search was carried out in the databases, and the data were analyzed employing VOSviewer software. Along with analyzing publication trends, thematic clusters, and emerging topics in HE were identified.

Results

The compound annual growth rate of the HE documents in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science were 0.157, 0.173, 0.453, and 0.317, respectively. Topic clusters of HE keywords in the period preceding the COVID‐19 pandemic were “Health care,” “Health economics,” “Race and ethnicity,” “Social determinants of health,” and “Age and gender.” The analyses related to the time following the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in the identification of six topic clusters, namely “Health workforce,” “Risk factors,” “Maternal and child health,” “COVID‐19,” “Cancer,” and “Mental health.” Moreover, “Artificial intelligence,” “Racial disparity,” “Machine learning,” and “COVID‐19,” were four key emerging topics of HE pertinent to the post‐COVID‐19 period.

Conclusion

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in research focused on HE. The focus of research in HE has shifted to an emphasis on various diseases and their risk factors. Emerging topics identified in this study represent significant areas of interest as novel research domains, particularly within low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Asphyxiated Neonates Admitted to Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: solbana Lencho Kajela , Berhanu Solomon , Gezahegn Yenealem , Kune Guta
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Perinatal asphyxia is the second leading cause of neonatal mortality in sub‐Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess survival status and predictors of mortality among neonates admitted to Jimma University Medical Center with perinatal asphyxia.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 373 asphyxiated neonates admitted to Jimma University Medical Center from April 12, 2019, to May 5, 2022. Data were collected from May 18 to June 3, 2022, entered into Epidata version 3.1, and analyzed using R software version 4.2.1. On univariate Cox regression, variables with a p < 0.25 were selected for the final model. Multivariate Cox regression was used to identify significant predictors of mortality among asphyxiated neonates at a 0.05 level of significance and a corresponding 95% confidence interval of the adjusted hazard ratio.

Results

The median survival time of the participants was 20 (95% CI: 18–23) days. During 2888 days of total person‐time at risk, a 29.09 (95% CI: 23.20–36.01) per 1000 person‐days incidence rate of neonatal mortality was identified. The significant predictors of mortality were stage III Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (AHR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.55–7.70), acute kidney injury (AHR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.28–6.23), and stress ulcers (AHR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.26–3.97).

Conclusion

The incidence of mortality was relatively high among the study participants. Stage III Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, acute kidney injury, and stress ulcers were significant predictors.
Association Between GLP1 RAs Use and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bushi Ganesh , Gaidhane Shilpa , Ballal Suhas , Kumar Sanjay , Bhat Mahakshit , Sharma Shilpa , Kumar M. Ravi , Sinha Aashna , Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli , Rai Nishant , Sah Sanjit , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Shabil Muhammed
Published: February 2025

Background and Objective

As the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise, addressing its associated health risks, including colorectal cancer (CRC), is important. This study examines the relationship between the use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and the risk of CRC in comparison with other antidiabetic therapies.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to August 10, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Data extraction and screening were performed using Nested Knowledge software. Meta‐analysis random effect model pooled Risk ratios (RRs) calculated using was performed using R v4.4 statistical software g. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO.

Results

Out of 1825 identified studies, five met the inclusion criteria, involving 2,047,256 T2DM patients assessing CRC risk. GLP‐1RAs were associated with a significant reduction in CRC risk compared to thiazolidinediones (RR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68–0.96), insulin (RR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.32–0.81), and SGLT2 inhibitors (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.59–0.95). Comparisons with sulfonylureas, DPP‐4 inhibitors, and metformin were not statistically significant. A potential protective effect against alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors was observed (RR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.18–1.00) but requires further investigation.

Conclusion

The use of GLP‐1RAs in T2DM is linked to a reduced risk of CRC compared to several standard antidiabetic therapies. These findings underscore the importance of considering long‐term cancer risks in diabetes management and highlight the need for continued research to fully understand the implications of GLP‐1RA use in T2DM patients.
PoweR Analysis in Review: Leveraging R to Conduct Power Analyses for a Range of Research Designs
Authors: Rubin Mikael
Published: February 2025

There are many helpful tools that exist for conducting power analyses. However, even the simplest tools require the researcher to make specific decisions about the research design and analytic methodology. This is not always a simple task, especially when the design and/or analysis are more sophisticated (e.g., in the case of longitudinal data with multiple levels). The aims of this paper are to (1) provide an overview of some existing tools in R that researchers can use and (2) introduce simulated power analyses in R. Existing tools are powerful, and it is important to consider their use, as they are often user‐friendly and may be more appropriate in some cases. The purpose of introducing simulations for power analysis is that it provides the most control for researchers in terms of how the sample size is determined. This paper will focus on the use of R for power analysis, which requires some background in coding, although some examples provided can be copy/pasted if the R environment is already available, as it is free and open‐source, and tools are continually evolving that facilitate advances in power analytic approaches.
Comparison of the Performances of the Accunome DXcellence and Cepheid GeneXpert Assays in Detecting Influenza A and B Viruses and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Nasopharyngeal Swab
Authors: Hu Hui , Xuan Qiankun , Yu Tong , Wang Dongjiang , Guo Jian , Wu Wenjuan
Published: February 2025

Background

Respiratory viruses, such as influenza A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), pose a severe threat to public health. The precise identification and distinction of these viruses are crucial in clinical laboratories. Here, we comparatively evaluated the performance of the Accunome DXcellence assay and the Cepheid GeneXpert assay in the detection of influenza A and B and RSV in nasopharyngeal swab specimens.

Methods

Four hundred archived nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected for routine clinical analysis were tested in parallel with the Accunome DXcellence assay and Cepheid GeneXpert assay. RNA standards were serially diluted and tested with the Accunome DXcellence assay to calculate the limit of detection (LOD).

Results

The positive and negative percentage agreement between the Accunome DXcellence assay and the Cepheid GeneXpert assay was as follows: 94.9% (74/78) and 100% (321/321), respectively, for influenza A; 98.1% (104/106) and 100% (293/293), respectively, for influenza B; and 100% (22/22) and 100% (377/377), respectively, for RSV. The LODs of the Accunome DXcellence assay for influenza A and B and RSV were 100, 87.5, and 62.5 copies/mL, respectively.

Conclusions

The performance of the Accunome DXcellence assay was similar to that of the Cepheid GeneXpert assay in the detection of influenza A, B, and RSV in nasopharyngeal swab specimens, indicating that the Accunome DXcellence assay is a useful diagnostic tool when these viruses are cocirculating.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Techniques—A Review on Principles, Applications and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Shcheslavskiy V. I. , Shirmanova M. V. , Yashin K. S. , Rück A. C. , Skala M. C. , Becker W.
Published: February 2025

This article gives an overview of the most frequently used fluorescence‐lifetime imaging (FLIM) techniques, their capabilities, and typical applications. Starting from a general introduction to fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime, we will show that the fluorescence lifetime or, more accurately, the fluorescence decay function of a fluorophore is a direct indicator of the interaction with its molecular environment. FLIM is therefore more than a simple contrast technique in microscopy—it is a technique of molecular imaging. FLIM techniques can be classified into time‐domain and frequency‐domain techniques, analogue and photon counting techniques, and scanning and wide‐field techniques. Starting from an overview of these general technical principles we will describe the features and peculiarities of the different FLIM techniques in use. An extended section is dedicated to TCSPC FLIM, addressing unique capabilities that make the technique especially interesting to FLIM of biological systems.
Enhanced Anticancer Effects Through Combined Therapeutic Model of Macrophage Polarization and Cancer Cell Apoptosis by Multifunctional Lipid Nanocomposites
Authors: Rodponthukwaji Kamonlatth , Khowawisetsut Ladawan , Limjunyawong Nathachit , Kunwong Natsuda , Duangchan Kongpop , Sripinitchai Sirinapa , Sathornsumetee Sith , Nguyen Tam , Srisawat Chatchawan , Punnakitikashem Primana
Published: February 2025

Although the mono‐anticancer therapy approach particularly directly targeting tumors is still common, this conventional method is generally deemed not effective and insufficient. In tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs, referred to as M2‐polarized) play a crucial role in creating an immunosuppressive TME, contributing to various pro‐tumorigenic effects. A promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth involves re‐educating M2 macrophages into tumoricidal macrophages (M1). Therefore, combining macrophage reprogramming with cancer cell death induction in a single modality may offer synergistic benefits in cancer therapy. Here, we engineered a lipid‐based delivery platform capable of co‐delivering resiquimod (R848) and polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (PIC). R848 in our nanosystem effectively triggered M2‐to‐M1 repolarization, as evidenced by the upregulation of M1 marker genes (TNF, IL6), the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α and IL‐6), and the downregulation of the M2 marker gene, MRC1. On the other hand, the presence of PIC increased caspase‐3/7 activity leading to cancer cell death through the apoptotic pathway. This nanocarrier system established a multifunctional platform to enhance the anticancer effect. The synergistic effect of repolarized macrophages in combination with the induction of apoptosis, facilitated by our nanomedicine, was evident in a co‐culture system of macrophage and cancer cells, showing a significant increase in cancer cell death compared to individual treatments. These findings attractively demonstrated the potential of our multifunctional lipid nanoparticles as therapeutic agents for anticancer treatment by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment and simultaneously increasing cancer cell cytotoxicity.
Are All Alginate Dressings Equivalent?
Authors: Duciel Laura , Proust Richard , Ponsen Anne‐Charlotte , Ziarelli Fabio , Coudreuse Arnaud , Jeanmichel Laurence , Samardzic Marina , Uzan Georges , Courtils Céline des
Published: February 2025

Alginate dressings are widely used in wound treatment for their healing and hemostatic properties and their capacity to drain exudate. However, a clear understanding of the heterogeneity within this class of dressings is lacking. Numerous sources of variability exist between alginate dressings: their composition (% of calcium alginate relative to other components), the ratio of D‐Mannuronic and L‐Guluronic acids in the alginate fraction, their purity (presence of toxic contaminants), and the shape of their fibers (surface and thickness). These parameters affect the performance and safety of alginate dressings, which may thus not be interchangeable in clinical practice. Therefore, clinicians must be aware of these differences to ensure optimal treatment and avoid complications or suboptimal healing. The objective of this study was to compare six alginate dressings to conclude or not on their equivalence. The results obtained demonstrate considerable variability between alginate dressings in the assessed characteristics: composition, Ca2+ release, level of cytotoxicity, fiber shape, draining capacity, and their resistance to traction. Algostéril, the only pure calcium alginate rich in G, releases a specific dose of Ca2+ and is the only non‐cytotoxic dressing. With its multilobed fibers that are statistically the thickest, it provides the best draining capacity and greatest resistance to traction. These results demonstrate that alginate dressings are not equivalent. Each dressing is distinct, and consequently the clinical performance of one cannot be transposed to the others. Therefore, each alginate dressing should demonstrate its own efficacy, in a given indication, through a clinical trial.
Pairs in Nested Steiner Quadruple Systems
Authors: Chee Yeow Meng , Dau Son Hoang , Etzion Tuvi , Kiah Han Mao , Zhang Wenqin
Published: February 2025

Motivated by a repair problem for fractional repetition codes in distributed storage, each block of any Steiner quadruple system (SQS) of order is partitioned into two pairs. Each pair in such a partition is called a nested design pair, and its multiplicity is the number of times it is a pair in this partition. Such a partition of each block is considered a new block design called a nested SQS. Several related questions on this type of design are considered in this paper: What is the maximum multiplicity of the nested design pair with minimum multiplicity? What is the minimum multiplicity of the nested design pair with maximum multiplicity? Are there nested quadruple systems in which all the nested design pairs have the same multiplicity? Of special interest are nested quadruple systems in which all the pairs are nested design pairs with the same multiplicity. Several constructions of nested quadruple systems are considered, and in particular, classic constructions of SQS are examined.
Degradation and ecotoxicity of favipiravir and oseltamivir in the presence of microplastics during ozonation and catalytic ozonation of synthetic municipal wastewater effluents
Authors: Dogruel Serdar , Chavoshi Nasim , Bilgin‐Saritas Nilay , Khataee Alireza , Topuz Emel , Pehlivanoglu Elif
Published: February 2025

Background

Favipiravir (FAV) and oseltamivir (OSE) are antiviral agents developed against influenza and they were repurposed against SARS‐CoV‐2 during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This study evaluated the potential of ozonation and catalytic ozonation as tertiary treatment approaches for removing FAV and OSE from municipal wastewaters, both in the presence and absence of microplastics (MPs), while comparing the ecotoxicity of untreated and treated secondary effluents to predict the ecotoxicological effects of these technologies during municipal wastewater treatment.

Results

At an initial antiviral concentration of 50 μg L−1, ozonation at pH 7 with a specific ozone dose of 0.6 mg O3 (mg DOC)−1 yielded FAV and OSE removals of 84 and 64%, respectively, while the presence of catalyst or MPs decreased the degradation rate by 30–40%. Raising the pH to 10 had minimal impact on FAV abatement, but improved OSE reduction by 21%. Acute toxicity tests using Vibrio fischeri demonstrated that simultaneous ozonation of the analytes led to the accumulation of transformation products (TPs) of FAV and OSE, with their combined effect almost equal to that of the original compounds. Reproduction toxicity tests indicated that TPs of antiviral drugs generated during ozonation were less toxic to Enchytraeus crypticus than the parent chemicals.

Conclusion

Ozonation proved to be a viable option for upgrading existing wastewater treatment facilities, serving as a complementary treatment to minimize the release of antivirals from municipal secondary effluents and reduce their inhibitory effect on earthworm reproduction, thereby enhancing the reuse potential of treated wastewater for irrigation. © 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Characteristics of Adult Intussusception due to Malignancy in Japanese Patients
Authors: Kitahata Shogo , Nakamura Ayaka , Kimura Yuka , Fukumoto Mai , Matsuoka Kana , Matsuda Takuya , Murakawa Kazuya , Murakami Taisei , Onishi Kei , Izumoto Hirofumi , Kanemitsu‐Okada Kozue , Kawamura Tomoe , Kuroda Taira , Matsuoka Junko , Tada Fujimasa , Miyata Hideki , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tange Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Yasunori , Takeshita Eiji , Ikeda Yoshiou , Furukawa Shinya , Tsubouchi Eiji , Ninomiya Tomoyuki , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: February 2025

Aims

Adult intussusception (AI) is often associated with organic diseases. However, few studies have examined the causes of AI in Japanese patients. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of AI due to malignancy in Japanese patients.

Methods and Results

From 2013 to 2021, 54 Japanese patients with AI (≥ 20 years) diagnosed at our hospital were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the cause of AI (malignancy group, n = 26; other diseases group, n = 28). The patients' clinical characteristics were retrospectively evaluated. Patients in the malignancy group were significantly older than those in the other diseases group (p < 0.001). The cutoff value for age as a factor associated with AI due to malignancy was 64 years (area under the curve: 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65–0.90). The frequency of chronic symptoms (> 14 days) in AI due to malignancy was significantly higher than the frequencies of acute (≤ 4 days) and subacute (4–14 days) symptoms (p = 0.010 and p = 0.027, respectively). The colonic type of AI was significantly more common than the small intestinal and ileocecal types in the malignancy group (both p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age of ≥ 64 years, chronic symptoms, and the colonic type were independently associated with AI due to malignancy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 16.00, 95% CI 1.23–208.00; adjusted OR 32.70, 95% CI 1.50–712.00; adjusted OR 31.20, 95% CI 2.68–363.00, respectively).

Conclusion

Advanced age (≥ 64 years), chronic symptoms, and AI in the colon are characteristics of AI due to malignancy.
The Interactive Dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Global Ecology
Authors: de Sousa Telma , Silva Catarina , Igrejas Gilberto , Hébraud Michel , Poeta Patrícia
Published: February 2025

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium widely distributed in both natural and urban environments, playing a crucial role in global microbial ecology. This article reviews the interactive dynamics of P. aeruginosa across different ecosystems, highlighting its capacity for adaptation and resistance in response to environmental and therapeutic pressures. We analyze the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including the presence of resistance genes and efflux systems, which contribute to its persistence in both clinical and nonclinical settings. The interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health, within the context of the One Health concept, is discussed, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and sustainable management practices to mitigate the spread of resistance. Through a holistic approach, this work offers insights into the influence of P. aeruginosa on public health and biodiversity.
Unlocking Business Success: How Networking and Branding Capabilities Drive Performance Through Product Innovativeness
Authors: Fakhreddin Farbod , Foroudi Pantea
Published: February 2025

In today's fast‐paced market, developing innovative products with significant advantages over existing alternatives is essential for a strong market presence. This study, based on the resource‐based and dynamic capability view, examines how market and technological innovativeness contribute to differentiation advantage and improved business performance. It also investigates the roles of complementary capabilities in enhancing these relationships. Primary data were collected through an on‐site questionnaire survey of Iranian research and development‐intensive manufacturing firms. Using 125 valid responses from senior managers, partial least squares structural equation modeling tested the proposed model. Findings indicate that networking and branding capabilities enhance technological and market innovativeness, respectively, thereby strengthening differentiation advantage. Moreover, differentiation advantage is a crucial mechanism for translating innovativeness into improved business performance. These results provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for developing effective product innovativeness strategies to augment international competitiveness and performance.
Parallel Networks to Predict TIMP and Protease Cell Activity of Nucleus Pulposus Cells Exposed and Not Exposed to Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines
Authors: Baumgartner L. , Witta S. , Noailly J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is characterized by a disruption of the balance between anabolic and catabolic cellular processes. Within the nucleus pulposus (NP), this involves increased levels of the pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1beta (IL1B) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and an upregulation of the protease families matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS). Primary inhibitors of these proteases are the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP). This work aims at contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics among proteases, TIMP, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines within the complex, multifactorial environment of the NP.

Methods

The Parallel Network (PN)‐Methodology was used to estimate relative mRNA expressions of TIMP1–3, MMP3, and ADAMTS4 for five simulated human activities: walking, sitting, jogging, hiking with 20 kg extra weight, and exposure to high vibration. Simulations were executed for nutrient conditions in non‐ and early‐degenerated IVD approximations. To estimate the impact of cytokines, the PN‐Methodology inferred relative protein levels for IL1B and TNF, reintegrated as secondary stimuli into the network.

Results

TIMP1 and TIMP2 expressions were found to be overall lower than TIMP3 expression. In the absence of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, MMP3 and/or ADAMTS4 expressions were strongly downregulated in all conditions but vibration and hiking with extra weight. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine exposure resulted in an impaired inhibition of MMP3, rather than of ADAMTS4, progressively rising with increasing nutrient deprivation. TNF mRNA was less expressed than IL1B. However, at the protein level, TNF was mainly responsible for the catabolic shift in the simulated pro‐inflammatory environment. Overall, results agreed with previous experimental findings.

Conclusions

The PN‐Methodology successfully allowed the exploration of the relative dynamics of TIMP and protease regulations in different mechanical, nutritional, and inflammatory environments in the NP. It shall stand as a comprehensive tool to integrate in vitro model results in IVD research and approximate NP cell activities in complex multifactorial environments.
Recent Advances in Bioanalysis of Cephalosporins Toward Green Sample Preparation
Authors: Kousi Maria , Kalogiouri Natasa P. , Samanidou Victoria F.
Published: February 2025

This review highlights recent advances in the bioanalysis of cephalosporins using liquid chromatographic methods, focusing on green sample preparation (GSP) techniques. Cephalosporins, a class of β‐lactam antibiotics, are critical in combating bacterial infections but present challenges related to drug resistance and toxicity. This article evaluates various sample preparation methods, including solid‐phase extraction, solid‐phase microextraction, and protein precipitation, which have been employed in the extraction and quantification of cephalosporins from biological matrices. Special attention is given to the optimization of critical parameters, such as pH, extraction solvents, and purification techniques to maximize analytes’ recovery and sensitivity. Emerging trends in GSP, such as the use of molecularly imprinted polymers and miniaturized processing devices, are also discussed. The review underscores the growing importance of integrating environmentally friendly approaches in cephalosporin bioanalysis, paving the way for future innovations in bioanalytical research.