bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture-Adaptable Web Information Systems
Authors: Jaakkola Hannu  , Thalheim Bernhard
Published: February 2025

Globalisation has a strong impact on information systems both from a development and usage point of view. Development is done by geographically distributed teams, with team members representing different cultures. In addition, the information systems are targeted at widening markets to get new clients and business - either as they are or as localized variations. In the case of traditional information systems, the needs related to globalisation are more or less manageable, because the clients are at least to some extent known, as well as their needs and preferences. Cloud technology and cloud-based solutions are replacing traditional information systems at an accelerating speed. In some cases, the question is only one change to an execution platform, but more often also opening up the information system usage to a “faceless” mass of users over the Internet – the information system (IS) becomes an SaaS-based WIS (Web Information System). In addition to SaaS-based solutions, the WIS category covers a wide variety of web services available in a more or less open manner; as a consequence the ability to react to the needs of a multi-cultural set of users causes new challenges to the developers and service implementation. Our paper initiates discussion on the challenges related to a WIS in a multi-cultural context. The complexity is structured by recognition of six concerns (viewpoints), which are handled in an interrelated manner. The foundation is built by analysis of cultural differences, which are used to clarify and explain the culture-based differences in information system structure and usage. Culture-related aspects of storyboards and database schemas are dealt with and evidence is derived from selected existing information systems.
Attacking Fieldbus Communications in ICS: Applications to the SWaT Testbed
Authors: Urbina David  , Giraldo Jairo  , Tippenhauer Nils Ole  , Cardenas Alvaro
Published: February 2025

The study of cyber-attacks in industrial control systems is of growing interest among the research community. Nevertheless, restricted access to real industrial control systems that can be used to test attacks has limited the study of their implementation and potential impact. In this work, we discuss practical attacks applied to a room-sized water treatment testbed. The testbed includes a complete physical process, industrial communication systems, and supervisory controls. We implement scenarios in which the attacker manipulates or replaces sensor data as reported from the field devices to the control components. As a result, the attacker can change the system state vector as perceived by the controls, which will cause incorrect control decisions and potential catastrophic failures. We discuss practical challenges in setting up Man-In-The-Middle attacks on fieldbus communications in the industrial EtherNet/IP protocol and topologies such as Ethernet rings using the Device-Level-Ring protocol. We show how the attacker can overcome those challenges, and insert herself into the ring. Once established as a Man-in-the-Middle attacker, we launched a range of attacks to modify sensor measurements and manipulate actuators. We show the efficacy of the proposed methodology in two experimental examples, where an adversary can intelligently design attacks that remain undetected for a typical bad-data detection mechanism.
Integrated Clustering of SM-SOM for Detecting Abnormal Data of Listed Electrical Manufacturing Sector in China
Authors: Yang Rui-Cheng  , Wang Ying  , Shen Qing
Published: February 2025

For partitioning the dataset of financial ratios into abnormal and normal groups, this paper proposes an integrated clustering method by combining the similarity matching (SM) algorithm with self-organizing maps (SOM), called the SM-SOM method. The hybrid system is enacted in three stages: a preprocessing stage, and similarity matching with the cosine algorithm and then the SOM cluster. For evaluating the performance of this integrated method, experiments were conducted with quarterly financial ratios of the listed electrical manufacturing sector in China. The empirical results indicate that the SM-SOM technique can effectively improve the accuracy rate for clustering the financial data into normal and abnormal groups.
Algorithm for Online Detection of the Data Stream Based on Distance
Authors: Yu Li-Ya  , Hu Jie  , Wei Zhong-He  , Yang Guan-Ci
Published: February 2025

To address the inaccuracy and high time complexity of traditional data stream mining technology, this paper introduces a new algorithm of date detection based on k-distance to pruning and comentropy to detect sliding windows. When the data fills the current window, the k-distance of the data is used to prune all data in the pruning time. As a result, most normal data is filtered out. Experimental results demonstrate that the SWKC algorithm possesses better efficiency and accuracy than some other traditional detection algorithms.
Building Smartphone Apps by Using Free Cloud Services from Facebook, Dropbox and Google
Authors: Chang Shuchih Ernest  , Shen Wei-Cheng  , Jang Yu-Teng  , Lee Pin-Fan
Published: February 2025

Businesses are interested in developing smartphone apps due to huge market potentials. However, it is laborious, time-consuming and costly to establish the needed information systems environment including the infrastructure, platform and software to support smartphone apps, beyond the reach of many companies especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with limited expertise and resource. Our study aims to alleviate this issue by utilizing free Internet services to build smartphone apps. In this article, we not only describe how to build smartphone apps using applicable free Internet services, but also discuss the advantages and values of our approach by comparing our app which is built by the proposed approach with two other similar and popular smartphone apps.
E-ARK: Harmonising Pan-European Archival Processes to Ensure Continuous Access to e-Government Records and Information
Authors: Wilson Andrew  , Ferreira Miguel  , Aas Kuldar  , Nielsen Anders Bo  , Tømmerholt Phillip Mike
Published: February 2025

There has been a widespread shift to electronic ways of conducting business that has transformed existing relationships between governments, governments and citizens, and governments and business. This move to electronic interactions is supported by new business systems that streamline and automate transactions, enable integration of information and service delivery and enhance collaboration between participants. Such changes in the way government business is carried out have significant implications for how public administrations document their activities and make that information available to both government and citizens to aid future decision making and accountability. Because digital records are particularly vulnerable to technological obsolescence and media decay, ensuring future access to the information created by government is a challenging issue for all jurisdictions. This paper focus on the E-ARK project, a European endeavour to standardise and create tools for consistently transferring digital records between business systems and digital archives. The E-ARK approach has the potential to simplify and make consistent diverse approaches to solving the issue of how to transfer information between the ICT systems in use in government, and the archives charged with the responsibility for ongoing and management of the information considered to be of long-term significance.
ICT-Driven Co-Creation in the Public Sector: Drivers, Barriers and Success Strategies
Authors: Toots Maarja
Published: February 2025

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) seem to offer rich opportunities for engaging citizens and businesses in the co-creation of public policies and services, promising to fundamentally transform the way public decisions are made. However, existing empirical evidence suggests the results of collaborative innovations in public administration tend to be mostly unimpressive and hardly transformational. This doctoral research project asks why this is the case and what factors shape the success and failure of ICT-driven co-creation. These questions are addressed by a qualitative investigation of the various drivers and barriers that affect the development, implementation, diffusion and outcomes of ICT-enabled co-creation initiatives. The thesis also explores the strategies that public sector organizations could employ to avoid failure and feed success.
Are Results from e-Government Agency-Centered or Citizen-Centered? A Review of the Literature
Authors: García-García Luz María  , Gil-Garcia J. Ramon
Published: February 2025

Scholars and practitioners around the world frequently talk about the importance of focusing on the citizen when developing e-government applications. However, there is no clarity in terms of how much of the benefits from the use of information technologies impact citizens and/or government agencies. Based on a review of exiting literature, this poster identifies diverse results of electronic government and analyzes to what extent those results impact citizens and/or government agencies. We think that this understanding is a key aspect to develop and study better user-centered approaches. Results have been categorized in three clusters: (1) for users, (2) for government agencies, and (3) for both.
Aspect-Based Relational Sentiment Analysis Using a Stacked Neural Network Architecture
Authors: Jebbara Soufian  , Cimiano Philipp
Published: February 2025

Sentiment analysis can be regarded as a relation extraction problem in which the sentiment of some opinion holder towards a certain aspect of a product, theme or event needs to be extracted. We present a novel neural architecture for sentiment analysis as a relation extraction problem that addresses this problem by dividing it into three subtasks: i) identification of aspect and opinion terms, ii) labeling of opinion terms with a sentiment, and iii) extraction of relations between opinion terms and aspect terms. For each subtask, we propose a neural network based component and combine all of them into a complete system for relational sentiment analysis. The component for aspect and opinion term extraction is a hybrid architecture consisting of a recurrent neural network stacked on top of a convolutional neural network. This approach outperforms a standard convolutional deep neural architecture as well as a recurrent network architecture and performs competitively compared to other methods on two datasets of annotated customer reviews. To extract sentiments for individual opinion terms, we propose a recurrent architecture in combination with word distance features and achieve promising results, outperforming a majority baseline by 18% accuracy and providing the first results for the USAGE dataset. Our relation extraction component outperforms the current state-of-the-art in aspect-opinion relation extraction by 15% F-Measure.
The Complexity of Deciding Legality of a Single Step of Magic: The Gathering
Authors: Chatterjee Krishnendu  , Ibsen-Jensen Rasmus
Published: February 2025

Magic: the Gathering is a game about magical combat for any number of players. Formally it is a zero-sum, imperfect information stochastic game that consists of a potentially unbounded number of steps. We consider the problem of deciding if a move is legal in a given single step of Magic. We show that the problem is (a) coNP-complete in general; and (b) in P if either of two small sets of cards are not used. Our lower bound holds even for single-player Magic games. The significant aspects of our results are as follows: First, in most real-life game problems, the task of deciding whether a given move is legal in a single step is trivial, and the computationally hard task is to find the best sequence of legal moves in the presence of multiple players. In contrast, quite uniquely our hardness result holds for single step and with only one-player. Second, we establish efficient algorithms for important special cases of Magic.
Transfer Learning for Automatic Short Answer Grading
Authors: Roy Shourya  , Bhatt Himanshu S.  , Narahari Y.
Published: February 2025

Automatic short answer grading (ASAG) is the task of automatically grading students answers which are a few words to a few sentences long. While supervised machine learning techniques (classification, regression) have been successfully applied for ASAG, they suffer from the constant need of instructor graded answers as labelled data. In this paper, we propose a transfer learning based technique for ASAG built on an ensemble of text classifier of student answers and a classifier using numeric features derived from various similarity measures with respect to instructor provided model answers. We present preliminary empirical results to demonstrate efficacy of the proposed technique.
Structure in the Value Function of Two-Player Zero-Sum Games of Incomplete Information
Authors: Wiggers Auke J.  , Oliehoek Frans A.  , Roijers Diederik M.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we introduce a new formulation for the value function of a zero-sum Partially Observable Stochastic Game (zs-POSG) in terms of a ‘plan-time sufficient statistic’, a distribution over joint sets of information. We prove that this value function exhibits concavity and convexity with respect to appropriately chosen subspaces of the statistic space. We anticipate that this result is a key pre-cursor for developing solution methods that exploit such structure. Finally, we show that the formulation allow us to reduce a finite zs-POSG to a ‘centralized’ model with shared observations, thereby transferring results for the latter (narrower) class of games to games with individual observations.
Abducing Workflow Traces: A General Framework to Manage Incompleteness in Business Processes
Authors: Chesani Federico  , De Masellis Riccardo  , Di Francescomarino Chiara  , Ghidini Chiara  , Mello Paola  , Montali Marco  , Tessaris Sergio
Published: February 2025

The capability to store data about Business Process executions in so-called Event Logs has brought to the identification of a range of key reasoning services (consistency, compliance, runtime monitoring, prediction) for the analysis of process executions and process models. Tools for the provision of these services typically focus on one form of reasoning alone. Moreover, they are often very rigid in dealing with forms of incomplete information about the process execution. While this enables the development of ad hoc solutions, it also poses an obstacle for the adoption of reasoning-based solutions. In this paper we exploit the power of abduction to provide a flexible, and yet computationally effective framework able to reinterpret key reasoning services in terms of incompleteness and observability in a uniform and effective way.
Test Automation for Speech-Based Applications
Authors: Griebe Tobias  , Hesenius Marc  , Gesthüsen Marc  , Gruhn Volker
Published: February 2025

Testing is a crucial activity to maintain high quality standards and achieve long-lasting economic success. However, integrating voice control into apps prevents the use of test automation tools. Testing speech-based interaction is still manual work: repetitive, time-consuming, and error-prone. Consequently, a need for specialized software engineering methods exists. We present an approach to test automation for speech-based applications by integrating an audio injection test interface into the Android operating system. Our approach enables developers to integrate voice control into automatically executed user acceptance tests using the Calabash test automation framework.
Motions with Emotions?
Authors: Parviainen Jaana  , van Aerschot Lina  , Särkikoski Tuomo  , Pekkarinen Satu  , Melkas Helinä  , Hennala Lea
Published: February 2025

This paper seeks to answer the question of how the interactive capabilities of social robots are related to their embodied character. Contributing to the discussions on the role of physical appearance in robotics, we apply a phenomenological theory of the body to develop a new understanding of the robot body. Drawing on Edmund Husserl's phenomenological distinction between the material and the lived body, we consider the robot body as “double” since it entails both objective and subjective aspects. We assume that the expressivity of “double bodies” can be seen as central in understanding the phenomenon of aliveness in social robots.
Robot Enhancement of Cognitive and Ethical Capabilities of Humans
Authors: Fosch-Villaronga Eduard  , Kalipalya-Mruthyunjaya Vishwas
Published: February 2025

The aim of this paper is to mold and materialize the future of learning. The paper introduces a Modular Cognitive Educator System (MCES), which aims to help people learn cognitive and ethical capabilities to face one of the indirect impacts of the robot revolution, namely, its impact on the educational system. MCES discusses the importance of agile mindset in future learning processes, which is extended by the inclusion of other values and skills such as effort, perseverance, adaptability, and creativity. Subsequently, MCES interconnects new age technologies and education to induce new approaches in thinking and learning.
Adding Verbalization to Graphical Ontology Editor OWLGrEd
Authors: Liepiņš Renārs  , Grūzītis Normunds  , Čerāns Kārlis  , Ovčiņņikova Jūlija  , Bojārs Uldis  , Celms Edgars
Published: February 2025

To participate in Semantic Web projects, domain experts need to be able to understand the ontologies involved. Visual notations can provide an overview of the ontology and help users to understand the connections among entities. However, users first need to learn the visual notation before they can interpret it correctly. Controlled natural language representation would be readable right away and might be preferred in case of complex axioms, however, the structure of the ontology would remain less apparent. To achieve the combination of the graphical and Controlled natural language approaches (CNL), we describe the possibility of adding CNL information into graphical OWL ontology editor OWLGrEd.
A Model-Driven Approach to Web Applications
Authors: Kozlovics Sergejs
Published: February 2025

The paper faces the problem of simplifying the development of web applications, which have separated resources (the client and the server side) and must deal with multiple user accounts. We propose a model-driven approach that factors out such web-specific aspects and allows the developer to concentrate on the main functionality of the application. In particular, models are used as memory abstraction, which is transparently synchronized between the client and the server. The two main benefits of the proposed approach are 1) the assumption just one target PC and 2) the ability to use the same code base for both desktop and web-based applications.
Building Change Detection via Semantic Segmentation and Difference Extraction Method
Authors: Binti Amit Siti Nor Khuzaimah  , Saito Shunta  , Aoki Yoshimitsu  , Kiyoki Yasushi
Published: February 2025

Google Earth with high-resolution imagery basically takes months to process new images before online updates. It is considered as a time consuming and slow process especially for post-disaster application. In this study, we aim to develop a fast and accurate method of updating maps by detecting local differences occurred over different time series; where only region with differences will be updated. In our system, aerial imageries from Massachusetts's building open datasets are used as training datasets; meanwhile Saitama district datasets are used as input images. Semantic segmentation is then applied to input images to get predicted map patches of building. Semantic segmentation is a pixel-wise classification of images by implementing convolutional neural network technique. Convolutional neural network technique is implemented due to being not only efficient in learning highly discriminative image features such as buildings, but also partially robust to incomplete and poorly registered target maps. Next, in order to understand overall changes occurred in an area, both semantic segmented images from the same scene are undergone change detection method. Lastly, difference extraction method is implemented to specify the category of building changes. The results reveal that our proposed method is able to overcome current time-consuming map updating problem. Hence map updating will be cheaper, faster and more effective especially post-disaster application, by leaving unchanged region and only updating changed region.
Set-Theoretic Kripke-Style Semantics for Monoidal T-Norm (Based) Logics
Authors: Yang Eunsuk
Published: February 2025

This paper deals with non-algebraic binary relational semantics, called here set-theoretic Kripke-style semantics, for monoidal t-norm (based) logics. For this, we first introduce the system MTL (Monoidal t-norm logic) and some of its prominent axiomatic extensions, and then their corresponding Kripke-style semantics. Next, we provide set-theoretic completeness results for them.
Development of the System with Component for the Numerical Calculation and Visualization of Non-Stationary Waves Propagation in Solids
Authors: Akhmetova Zhanar  , Zhuzbayev Serik  , Boranbayev Seilkhan  , Sarsenov Bakytbek
Published: February 2025

The information system is considered in this paper. The nucleus of this system is a software component, which is used for the numerical calculation of the wave process. This wave process is the propagation of non-stationary waves in a homogeneous solid in dynamic loading, and visualization of numerical solutions in the form of the stress tensor and the velocity waveform. Many information systems, software are usually developed on the basis of numerical methods such as finite element methods, boundary element, etc. To solve this problem in this paper we use the method bicharacteristics using the ideas splitting method, which is the novelty and originality of this case study. The user can make a prediction and engineering analysis with the help of the developed system. These predictions and estimates can be used for building structures in engineering practice, in mechanical engineering and in general for scientific research in the field of engineering. The practical significance of the developed system is that the using of such a system helps organizations reduce project development cycle and reduce costs and improve product quality.
An Enhanced Identity Authentication Security Access Control Model Based on 802.1x Protocol
Authors: Chen Han-Ying  , Liu Xiao-Li
Published: February 2025

The safety of the access to certification system has gained more and more attention, the general current access control system does not consider that whether the user's terminal equipment meets the needs of security policy. This paper presents a security access control model based on 802.1x protocol, extended by adding authentication information, to strengthen the authenticated user's strategy control, and achieve the access user's security control. The model is implemented using the plaintext in Kaspersky Anti-virus software as an extension of information. The server realizes the authentication by simple string comparison. The test results show that our model can check whether the host meets the policy before it accesses to the network, and restrict the unmatched host and enhance the network security control effectively.
Hardware Obfuscation Using Different Obfuscation Cell Structures for PLDs
Authors: Sumathi G.  , Srivani L.  , Thirugnana Murthy D.  , Kumar Anish  , Madhusoodanan K.
Published: February 2025

In recent years, hardware obfuscation is one of the prominent anti-tamper solutions that are highly used against various hardware security threats such as piracy, cloning, reverse engineering, chip overbuilding, and hardware Trojans. Logic obfuscation is implemented either in the design description (for soft/firm/hard codes) or structure (for the chip) of electronic hardware to intentionally conceal its functionality. Most of the obfuscation schemes enable the circuit operation in two distinct modes such as obfuscated and normal modes. The mode control, mostly implemented by finite state machine, is performed by the application of a specific sequence of input vectors on initialization, called an ‘initialization key.’ Without the initialization key, it is difficult to comprehend the intended functional behavior of the circuit; hence, circuit tampering or malicious insertion will have a high probability of either becoming functionally benign or easily detectable by conventional logic testing. However, most of the existing obfuscation techniques have used similar obfuscation cell structures throughout the design which in turn leaves a hint to the adversary about circuit obfuscation during reverse engineering. In this paper, we aimed to mitigate this limitation by applying design obfuscation using different obfuscation cells. We performed the hardware obfuscation mechanism for field programmable gate array devices using standard ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits in Actel's ProAsic3 device by Libero SoC v10.1 (free version). We measured the performance overhead using the design parameters such as area, delay, and power.
VeriFormal: An Executable Formal Model of a Hardware Description Language
Authors: Khan Wilayat  , Tiu Alwen  , Sanan David
Published: February 2025

The high security requirements of cyber-physical systems and the critical tasks they carry out make it necessary to guarantee the absence of any vulnerability to security attacks and that they have no unexpected behaviour. The size and complexity of the underlying hardware in cyber-physical systems are increasing and so is the risk of failures and vulnerability to security threats. Checking for errors and security holes in the early phases of hardware production is generally considered an effective approach. To ease the process of designing and testing in the early stage, hardware description languages such as Verilog are used to design hardware. Hardware designs in such description languages, however, do not correspond to mathematical models. Hence we cannot reason about hardware designs and formally verify their correctness and security related properties. In this paper, we develop a formal model of Verilog in the theorem prover Isabelle/HOL. Our model covers most constructs used in hardware designs. With our model, one can analyse Verilog designs and execute them for simulation. More importantly, our model enables formal reasoning about interesting properties for Verilog designs. To complete our tool chain, we build a translator which automatically translates an existing Verilog design to equivalent design in our formal model.
Cyber Risk Analysis for a Smart Grid: How Smart is Smart Enough? A Multi-Armed Bandit Approach
Authors: Smith Matthew  , Paté-Cornell Elisabeth
Published: February 2025

As electric sector stakeholders make the decision to upgrade traditional power grid architectures by incorporating smart grid technologies and new intelligent components, the benefits of added connectivity must be weighed against the risk of increased exposure to cyber attacks. Therefore, decision makers must ask: how smart is smart enough? We present a probabilistic risk analysis approach to this problem. Central to this approach is a new network security model based on a reformulation of the classic “multi-armed bandits” problem, where instead of projects with uncertain probabilities of success, a network defender faces network nodes that can be attacked at uncertain Poisson-distributed rates. Probing these nodes provides additional information about their vulnerability, but at a cost. Using this new technique, which by similarity we call “multi-node bandits”, we compute the net marginal benefits of increased connectivity. We illustrate this model by the quantification of the overall cyber risk to the physical and informational networks of a smart grid in order to identify the optimal degree of “smartness” and the best risk management strategy.
Effect of Vehicle Combinations on the Instability of Heterogeneous Urban Traffic Flow
Authors: Ye Cheng  , Xu Juan  , Xu Shangzhi  , Qian Yeqing  , Li Zhipeng
Published: February 2025

In this paper, an extended car-following model with consideration of the combination effect in heterogeneous urban traffic flow with slow and fast vehicles is proposed. The combination effect means the order of vehicles in a heterogeneous flow matters, since a fast vehicle would degenerate to a middle state between a fast vehicle and a slow vehicle when it follows a slow vehicle. Specifically, we consider three types of vehicle combinations in the urban traffic flow, namely fast vehicle following fast vehicle (FF), fast vehicle following slow vehicle (FS), and slow vehicle following fast/slow vehicle (SX). Linear stability analysis is conducted to obtain stability criterion, from which we can conclude that the higher penetration of the FS combination can increase the stability of traffic flow.
Energy and Environmental Long-Term Monitoring System for Inhabitants' Well-Being
Authors: Barsocchi Paolo  , Crivello Antonino  , Mavilia Fabio  , Palumbo Filippo
Published: February 2025

The increasing demand for building services and comfort levels, together with the increased time spent inside buildings, assures an upward trend in long-term monitoring system demand for the future. In this paper, we present the work done for designing added value human well-being services starting from a state-of-the-art continuous data gathering infrastructure. The paper presents the proposed energy and environmental long-term monitoring system that is able to measure both the energy consumed by end users and the environmental parameters in office environments. The paper shortly describes the general idea, then it focuses on the work done to create a well-being service on the top of the data gathering layer. In particular, it dwells on the deployment approach focusing on the description of the long-term monitoring system and providing preliminary results of the proposed real-time social interactions algorithm.
The circular economy fashion communication canvas
Authors: Han S.L-C.  , Henninger C.E.  , Blanco-Velo J.  , Apeagyei P.  , Tyler D.J.
Published: February 2025

Current design thinking focuses on incremental improvements to a linear system in which products are designed, produced and eventually disposed of. This continued consumption has resulted in over 1 million tonnes of discarded clothing and textiles entering into landfill each year in the UK alone. The effect of this high volume of waste is not only the loss of embodied energy and value, as re-useable items are disposed of, but continued environmental degradation through greenhouse gas emissions, toxic pollution and rapidly declining landfill space. As much as 70% of textile waste in the UK is sent to landfill or incineration from municipal waste collections. Whilst consumers are increasingly aware of the consequences of continued consumption, there is limited understanding of how to act more responsibly. Online sources of communication mean that although more information is available than ever before, confusion over terminology and the authenticity of messages can lead to in-action on the part of all stakeholders.
“Crafting the waste” as a stimulus to collaborative learning and collective production: an example from Turkey
Authors: Atalay D.
Published: February 2025

Craft, playing a significant role in the story of sustainable fashion design, is a deep-rooted tradition in Turkish society. Besides the symbolic meaning of the hand-made, by generating emotional bounds it hinders consumers from throwing their products away (Clark, 2008). Therefore it is used as a design strategy to eliminate waste. Moreover, many of the Turkish craft techniques are based primarily on the reuse of the old and wasted materials. Over the last few years, many women-centred initiatives and cooperatives started to value craft and labour-intensive production outside of a home. However, many traditional craft techniques are on the verge of extinction since the Turkish youth is not willing to learn them. It is an uneasy fact that in design education, craft-based practices, and collaborative work are generally ostracized. However, craft based practices promise to be valuable methods for the development of sustainable design in developing countries. Regarding the current situation of craft and design education, the aim of this research is to explore how design education can be re-contextualized in order to generate social change, stimulate collective production and question the hierarchies in the existing system. The main objective of the study is to generate alternative ways of learning and designing through craft and upcycling. Therefore; in addition to the literature review, a case study has been conducted. As part of the case study, a small group of volunteer Textile and Fashion Design students were asked to collaborate with a women's cooperative and create a collection of accessories collaboratively.
Product lifetimes through the various legal approaches within the EU context: recent initiatives against planned obsolescence
Authors: Michel A.
Published: February 2025

Our today's society is often called a ‘throwaway society’, based on a linear ‘take-make-use-dispose’ economy. Many studies point out that median lifespans of certain consumer products are in decline. One of the main sources of this problem is the phenomenon of ‘planned obsolescence’, covering all types of techniques used to artificially limit the durability of a manufactured good in order to stimulate repetitive consumption. Various types of planned obsolescence are omnipresent in our daily life. Planned obsolescence has huge drawbacks, for consumers as well for the environment, and, arguably, its potential positive side effects do not outweigh these drawbacks. The willingness to shift towards more durable and sustainable products has led to major legal developments and proposals over the past years. The purpose of this paper is to outline some of the various approaches followed in Europe to tackle planned obsolescence. After providing a glimpse into the EU policy actions, the paper will describe the recent purely national initiatives undertaken in France, Belgium and Germany.
Challenges and support for scaling up upcycling businesses in the UK: insights from small-business entrepreneurs
Authors: Sung K.  , Cooper T.  , Ramanathan U.  , Singh J.
Published: February 2025

Upcycling is the creation or modification of a product from used materials, components and products which is of equal or higher quality or value than the compositional elements. Within the context of increased product longevity, it enables a reduction in the use of raw materials by extending the lifetime of used materials, components and products, thereby increasing material efficiency and reducing industrial energy consumption. If scaled up to a considerable level through appropriate interventions, upcycling could, in theory, contribute significantly to preventing environmental harm. In particular, upcycling-based businesses have been identified as one of sustainable alternatives to prevailing business models that are based on unrestrained access to virgin materials, in contrast with the circular economy. Previous research regarding upcycling has focused mostly on fashion and textiles and highlighted the potential of upcycling businesses, providing sector-specific suggestions for expansion beyond their currently niche status. There is a critical knowledge gap concerning ways of achieving the full potential of upcycling-based businesses across the whole economy. This paper therefore provides results from a study on the challenges that upcycling entrepreneurs face when attempting to scale up and how to overcome them, based on an exploratory workshop with 12 British upcycling entrepreneurs. It identifies the key challenges faced by upcycling businesses and presents a mapping of the systemic support required for overcoming them, with potential actors.
Do-Fix workshops: understanding users' product repair experience
Authors: Terzioğlu N.
Published: February 2025

The characteristics of the current production and consumption system such as high consumption rates, overuse of natural resources and growing waste have engendered various environmental, social and economic problems. Despite the rise of product-service systems and the importance of user experience in design, most consumer goods are nevertheless still considered as throwaway items. It is crucial to understand our behaviour to overcome these problems and offer promising solutions. This paper presents the results of a research that explores users' repair experience and the factors affecting their repair process aiming to encourage people to repair products more. Four repair workshops were conducted with 52 participants. Participants brought their damaged products to the workshops and chose a suitable method to repair their products. Consequently, their repair experience was explored and three phases including discovery, idea generation and implementation were identified. Additionally, the motivations and barriers around the product repair were discussed. The findings can be of value for designers and design researchers as they can facilitate future attempts to “design for repair”.
Risk & Race: creation of a finance-focused circular economy serious game
Authors: Whalen K.
Published: February 2025

As the topic of circular economy gains increasing popularity, a growing number of serious games and tools have been developed to assist in educating about circular business models. A review of these existing games suggests a lack of emphasis on business operations and financial implications behind circular business model investment decisions. In contrast, recent academic literature suggests the economic implications of adopting circular business models should be stressed, given potential financial differences between circular business models and linear business models. This paper introduces Risk & Race, a serious game developed to assist in bridging this gap between literature and practice by illustrating the financial drivers and barriers to implementing circular business models in practice. Initial findings from testing with students suggest the game succeeds as a support tool for modeling business operations and explaining the financial side of circular business models.
Understanding material change: design for appropriate product lifetimes
Authors: Bridgens B.  , Lilley D.
Published: February 2025

From the moment of purchase, pristine objects are subjected to an array of stimuli including wear, impact, heat, light, water and air which alter their tactile and aesthetic properties. Material change is often regarded as ‘damage’ or ‘degradation’, but has potential to be used as a tool to engender emotional engagement to an object and extend product lifetimes. The potential benefits, and complications, associated with material change in the context of designing for the circular economy and other sustainable product service systems is discussed. We present a framework for designers to better understand how materials change with use, and in turn how people respond to materials as they change. Key challenges are identified which must be overcome to use this framework in design practice: people's physical interaction with objects is poorly understood, it is difficult to simulate material change, materials resources for designers do not provide information about material change, and people's responses to aged materials depend on a complex web of interacting factors.
Research on Mobile Layout Parser Based on Visualization
Authors: Chen Tianwei  , Peng Lingxi  , Qiang Yongjun
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of the mobile Internet, the research on network behavior of the users of mobile terminals has become an active research area in the field of Internet research. The requirements for user experience are higher and higher, and there are also huge demand for personalized page to meet the needs of mobile terminals. Due to the huge number of users and numerous scenes of interaction, layout of the mobile terminal needs to be modified accordingly. These modifications, such as personality changes, required in system development increase workload and developing cost, which affect the scalability and flexibility of application been developed. This paper proposes a model of visual data mining based on the mobile terminal interface in Android opening source. In order to better suit the need of users, the model first uses the Android opening source technology to conduct an analysis on the features and logic of interactive page layout. Improvements of page interaction are made in terms of process, algorithm, timing and pre-sorted priority mechanism. Through the establishment of tokenization and tree construction, a general layout parser has been proposed in this paper, meanwhile a visual layout operation has been realized, so that the configuration can be altered flexibly for different scenarios. Improvements realized by this study reduce user response time and workload, and promote code reuse rate. The experimental results show that this model can simulate the concurrent operation of mobile terminal users, so that the average response time can be reduced by around 45%, and the success rate can be increased by about 30%. At the end of the project, it is found that the software development process in various stages of the workload has been significantly reduced, the average reduction of workload is 57%, according to the analysis of the measurement data of the project.
Forecasting Industrial Wastes to Wastes Disposal Management by Using Box-Jenkins Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models and Excel Application: Case Study on Opthalmic Plastic Lens Production of Company A in Thailand
Authors: Lertpocasombut Krittiya  , Sriploy Supawut
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to develop forecasting models for four kinds of wastes (Contaminated materials, Monomers, Used solvents and Wastewater) and apply the outputs of forecasts to an Excel application to plan, implement and control the assets, physical facilities and money investments to support the wastes disposal and transportation of both Company A and four service providers. The method selected uses Box-Jenkins method with data periods from January 2008 to December 2016 (108 series data). After studying these data (Four waste types) using Minitab, fitted models for generating best forecasting values are ARIMA (1, 0, 1) for Contaminated Materials waste, ARIMA (1, 0, 0) or AR (1) for Monomer waste, ARIMA (1, 0, 2) or ARMA (1, 2) for Used Solvents waste and ARIMA (1, 1, 0) or ARI (1, 1) for Wastewater. The results of forecasting the wastes in Company A had RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) (0.388, 0.047, 0.060 and 0.043 respectively) lower than another research paper (1.305). For suitable forecasting models, these models can generate valuable forecasts for the company and its service providers to utilize their budget of money, assets and facilities in Excel application.
On Annotation of the Textual Contents of Scottish Legal Instruments
Authors: Wyner Adam  , Gough Fraser  , Levy Francois  , Lynch Matt  , Nazarenko Adeline
Published: February 2025

LegalRuleML is a developing standard for representing the fine-grained semantic contents of legal texts. Such a representation would be highly useful for Semantic Web applications, but deriving formal rules from the textual source is problematic; there is currently little in the way of methodology to systematically transform language to LegalRuleML. To address this, we outline the purposes, processes, and outputs of a pilot study on the annotation of the contents of Scottish legal instruments, using key LegalRuleML elements as annotations. The resulting annotated corpus is assessed in terms of how well it answers the users' queries.
OLL Compiler Project
Authors: Cook Barry M.
Published: February 2025

OLL is the latest iteration of a series of compiler projects I've written over the past 20+ years. During that time I've targeted C, VHDL (hardware), ARM and Java's JVM. Each has concentrated on a different aspect of the challenge.
Protected Mode RTOS: What Does It Mean?
Authors: Sputh Bernhard
Published: February 2025

Now that we can formally verify software models, why do we still need Protection from programming errors? For a similar reason, why do we still need protection from hardware errors? The key reason is that formal models are abstractions and programmers are humans with an illogical brain using illogical and error-prone dynamic programming languages. In addition, software runs on a shared resource, called a processor, and that processor exists in the real physical world, in which external influences like cosmic rays can change its state.
Simulation and Visualization Tool Design for Robot Software
Authors: Lu Zhou  , Ran Tjalling  , Broenink Jan F.
Published: February 2025

Modern embedded systems are designed for multiple and increasingly demanding tasks. Complex concurrent software is required by multi-task automated service robotics for implementing their challenging (control) algorithms. TERRA is a Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) algebra-based Eclipse graphical modelling tool suite which is capable of C++ code generation. It is designed to ease tedious and error-prone concurrent software development for robotics. However, sufficient simulation and visualization supports are not provided yet in TERRA. A hybrid simulation approach is proposed in this paper to provide simulation capabilities for the TERRA tool suite with respect to the Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) co-design. Moreover, a visualization for the simulation is designed as well to provide animation facilities which enable users to visually trace simulated execution flows. Finally, we use an example to test the hybrid simulation approach as well as visualization facilities. The simulation approach is shown to be sufficient and the visualization works as intended.
occam's Rule Applied: Separation of Concerns as a Key to Trustworthy Systems Engineering for Complex Systems
Authors: Verhulst Eric
Published: February 2025

“Keep it simple but not too simple” means that a complex solution is really a problem that's not very well understood. In formal methods, this is reflected not only in the size of the state space, but also in the dependencies between these states. This is the main reason why Formal Modelling is not delivering as expected: the state space explosion would require an infinite amount of resources. If an automated tool cannot handle the state space, how can we expect engineers to do so? This is where CSP comes in: it divides the state space in small manageable chunks, making it easier to reason about the behaviour. There are however a few pre-conditions for this to work: one must take a step back, dividing the complex state space before conquering it, hence thinking about functionalities and how they are related before thinking about the punctual states in space and time.
T42 – Transputer Design in FPGA (Year Two Design Status Report)
Authors: Mielke Uwe  , Zabel Martin  , Bruestle Michael
Published: February 2025

This fringe session will present the design progress of our IMS-T425 compatible Transputer design in FPGA. The 32-bit CPU + Memory interface (2x8kB) are in stable working condition. 117 instructions (from 123+7) are almost implemented in 460 lines of uCode: for example, TASM loops including interruptible MOVE(s) can be simulated some 100 clock cycles. Timer(s) are running. The System control unit allows error mode, MOV-bit and events. Some still open questions around scheduler micro-code and link interaction will be discussed. Slides used in the presentation can be downloaded from [1].