bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DO PÚBLICO E DO PRIVADO NA CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1988 E NAS LEIS EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Cury Carlos Roberto Jamil
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: Este artigo pretendeu refletir sobre a relação público-privado na educação a partir do conceito de cidadania e sua relação com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. A liberdade de ensino é reconhecida como princípio da educação. A relação entre educação pública e educação privada não é neutra, já que se trata da presença dentro do campo da educação, um campo de disputas. Nesse sentido, a inserção de princípios no ordenamento legal torna tal relação coberta de tensão. E esse campo de forças esteve presente nos debates na Constituinte de 1987-1988, na tramitação da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e em outras leis infraconstitucionais da educação. Essa relação se manifestou por diversas vezes na história da nossa educação. Esse jogo de forças tem a ver com um conjunto mais amplo de condicionantes relativos ao contexto sociopolítico. A atual flexibilidade presente na legislação e o recuo do Estado na regulação do ensino privado permite a este a ocupação mais ampla na educação escolar.
Growth Analysis of Chloris elata
Authors: CORREIA N.M. , RESENDE I.
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, in agricultural areas where there is no establishment of cover crops in the off season, as well as in citrus orchards in the state of São Paulo, an increase in the infestation of Chloris elata has been observed. This is a perennial species, propagated by seeds and short rhizomes, erect and slightly caespitose. With the objective of evaluating the growth and development of plants from two accessions of C. elata, a greenhouse experiment was conducted. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 2 (accessions of C. elata) x 15 (evaluation periods) factorial arrangement, with four replications. Fifteen destructive evaluations were performed 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, 98, 112 and 126 days after sowing (DAS) both accessions of C. elata (Itaberaí from Goiás and Matão from São Paulo State). At each evaluation, four plants (replications) were randomly sampled and the height of the main culm, the number of tillers and inflorescences (flower+seed) per plant, the leaf area and dry matter of leaves, culms, roots, inflorescences and total (leaves+culms+roots+ inflorescences) were analyzed. The two accessions showed a slow initial development and growth (up to 63 DAS), mainly in root growth; however, the development of new tillers increased rapidly in the initial phase. During the first 63 DAS, the percentage distribution of dry matter was higher in the foliage, followed by culms and roots. In the final evaluation, the relation was culms followed by leaves, roots and inflorescences. Plants of Matão formed denser clumps, with culms of greater mass, while those from the Itaberaí showed higher height and greater foliage.
Productivity, Control, and Decomposition of Irrigated Forage Species under Glyphosate Doses and Shading
Authors: BRANT M.C. , TUFFI SANTOS L.D. , FREITAS I.C. , FRAZÃO L.A. , SILVA M.S.N. , MACHADO V.D. , SANTOS M.V.
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT: Light intensity available in growing environments may influence the susceptibility of plants to glyphosate and decomposition of their residues. This study aimed to assess the productivity, control, and decomposition of forage straw submitted to glyphosate doses and exposed to full sun and 50% shade. Two experiments were carried out, one for Piatã grass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã) and other for Tanzania grass (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Tanzania). The experimental design was a randomized block design with strip-plot and four replications. Two growing environments (at full sun and under 50% shade) were installed in strips in the growing area, combined with six doses of glyphosate (0, 360, 720, 1,080, 1,440, and 1,800 g a.e. ha-1) used for forage desiccation. Shade did not change Tanzania grass productivity (p<0.05), but it reduced Piatã grass productivity (p>0.05), suggesting its low tolerance to light restriction. Tanzania grass is more tolerant to glyphosate when compared to Piatã grass, especially at full sun conditions. In general, the evaluated forages present a high susceptibility to glyphosate as incident radiation is reduced, which allows using lower doses to desiccate them in shaded environments. Straw decomposition of Piatã and Tanzania grasses was slower under shading. In this environment with light restriction, straw is more durable and has a better quality for the no-tillage system.
Maternidade marcada: o estigma de ser mãe com deficiência visual
Authors: Belo Léa Carla Oliveira , Oliveira Filho Pedro de
Published: November 2018

Resumo Este artigo, que pretende ampliar a discussão sobre deficiência e maternidade, valorizando a experiência de mulheres com deficiência visual, refere-se a um recorte dos dados da pesquisa de mestrado Dar à luz quando não se vê: relatos de mulheres com deficiência visual sobre a maternidade, que analisou a construção da maternidade no relato de mães com deficiência visual por meio de entrevistas não dirigidas. A compreensão, interesse e problematização das participantes em relação à maternidade e ao seu exercício, os desdobramentos desse novo arranjo social e a demarcação de gênero implicada no cuidado com os filhos motivam o aprofundamento da temática e apontam para a necessidade de que o conceito de “estigma” englobe também a maternidade de mulheres com deficiência. Os relatos das participantes mostraram dois aspectos relacionados à maternidade: a estigmatização de ser mãe cega e a ideia de amor materno sacrificial, uma posição de gênero e até de identidade, na qual a mulher com deficiência, com inúmeras barreiras sociais, é levada a cuidar dos filhos e, ainda assim, não receber a legitimação social desta nova posição, limitando desta forma sua nova identidade como mãe.
Burnout entre médicos intensivistas ou Sociedade do burnout
Authors: Rodrigues Filho Edison Moraes , Junges José Roque
Published: November 2018

Resumo Os médicos que atuam em unidades críticas são propensos a exaustão emocional, manifestações de despersonalização e insatisfação profissional. Essas três manifestações compõem o que foi identificado como burnout e são motivo de crescente preocupação. Neste artigo, os autores revisam a literatura disponível sobre o burnout entre os médicos intensivistas, mas discutem-no sob uma ótica que inclui o problema em uma manifestação mais ampla, relacionada ao culto do desempenho e à subsunção da vida ao capital, entendendo esse fenômeno como relacionado com a sociedade do burnout. Também se discutem iniciativas para combater esse quadro na perspectiva de uma visão ampliada do conceito de biopolítica, especialmente a psicopolítica.
Una aproximación al análisis bioético del paradigma de las neurociencias en el estudio del autismo
Authors: Corredera Melisa , Noceti María Belén , Álvarez Fabio Hernán , Battista Julieta de
Published: November 2018

Resumen Dada las peculiares características del autismo, la diversidad de sus formas y la gravedad a la que puede arribar este cuadro, profesionales e investigadores posicionados desde distintos paradigmas se ocupan por comprenderlo y detectarlo tempranamente. Cada paradigma define su campo de investigación y las metodologías que va a emplear para abordar el problema de investigación, sostenido y fundado en supuestos teóricos que explican la realidad y que están en consonancia con la comunidad científica a la que reconocen como legítima. Creemos que la forma en la que se comprende el autismo desde el paradigma de la neurociencia es un problema susceptible de ser abordado también desde la perspectiva bioética, en función a las conductas y las prácticas de los individuos que llevan a cabo las investigaciones en este campo. Se hace necesario profundizar sobre las implicancias bioéticas que tiene la aplicación de los avances tecnológicos y la introducción de máquinas e instrumentos en el estudio y experimentación con niños en búsqueda de la medición de sus manifestaciones corporales. Reflexionar desde una perspectiva bioética genera la posibilidad de introducir nuevos enunciados ante el posible riesgo de caer en posturas que objetualizan y reducen la complejidad del sujeto a un mero mecanismo, desestimando así como opera el concepto de niñez y la singularidad en cada caso.
La guérison en cancérologie : une improbable ambition
Authors: Ménoret Marie
Published: November 2018

Résumé Cet article propose une réflexion sur la notion de guérison et sur ses usages en cancérologie. Un premier point ausculte sa mise en œuvre en tant qu’ambition à la fois médicale et politique suprême de la mission fondatrice de la cancérologie française. Un deuxième axe pointe ses divers accommodements sociaux, en observant les différentes figures et mésaventures du concept confronté à l’épreuve de l’incurabilité d’un certain nombre de cancers. Enfin, une troisième partie de l’article s’intéresse aux effets de l’incertitude chronique inhérente à l’oncologie. Fondée sur des recherches empiriques inspirées par la grounded theory, par l’interactionnisme et sous l’influence revendiquée d’Anselm Strauss, cette réflexion peut être vue comme un abrégé des travaux de l’auteure, réalisés de la fin des années 1990 à nos jours, sur la cancérologie française. L’incertitude médicale et sa gestion, individuelle et collective, sont au cœur de ce travail.
Enquête sur une politique manquée : l’État français et la démographie médicale (1960-2015)
Authors: Déplaude Marc-Olivier
Published: November 2018

Résumé La France n’a jamais autant compté de médecins qu’aujourd’hui. Pourtant, le système de santé français se caractérise par une répartition très inégale de l’offre de soins, si bien que l’accès aux soins médicaux devient plus difficile pour des fractions croissantes de la population. Cette situation apparaît d’autant plus surprenante qu’à partir des années 1970, quand l’État français s’est doté d’instruments supposés réguler le nombre de médecins exerçant en France, tant au niveau de leur effectif global que de leur répartition entre disciplines. En outre, à partir des années 2000, les pouvoirs publics ont multiplié les mesures visant à favoriser une meilleure répartition géographique des médecins. Pour comprendre l’échec de ces mesures, cet article étudie les logiques sociales et politiques qui ont été prédominantes dans leur adoption et leur mise en œuvre. S’appuyant principalement sur des archives administratives, il décrit comment l’État français, en relation étroite avec le corps médical, a défini le problème de la démographie médicale à partir du début des années 1960, et quelles réponses successives il lui a apportées sans parvenir à le résoudre.
Objetivação e subjetivação nos currículos de licenciaturas: revisitando a categoria saber docente
Authors: Gabriel Carmen Teresa
Published: November 2018

RESUMO Este texto tem por escopo revisitar a noção de “saber docente” a partir de teorizações sociais e políticas pós-fundacionais. Ele se inscreve em um movimento de abertura para o diálogo com a produção acadêmica - acumulada há mais de duas décadas no campo educacional brasileiro - que opera com essa expressão, oferecendo um lance a mais nas disputas pela sua definição. Trata-se de um exercício intelectual que evidencia e explora os efeitos da escolha das lentes teóricas privilegiadas na análise das questões relacionadas à cultura profissional docente. O texto está organizado em torno de dois eixos de reflexão e de interpretação correspondentes aos processos de objetivação e de subjetivação que se apesentam de forma articulada na estruturação dos currículos de licenciatura. O ensaio aponta desafios teóricos e pistas de investigação que contribuem para reafirmar a categoria “saber docente” como uma chave de leitura potente para a compreensão dos processos em foco.
A Produção Científica Nacional na Área de Educação Especial e a Creche
Authors: VITTA Fabiana Cristina Frigieri de , SGAVIOLI Ana Júlia Ribeiro , SCARLASSARA Bárbara Solana , NOVAES Carla Francielly Martini , CRUZ Girlene de Albuquerque , MOURA Mariana Martins
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever a produção científica na área de Educação Especial sobre o atendimento educacional à faixa etária de zero a três anos, fase inicial da Educação Infantil, nos últimos 25 anos. Utiliza-se como fonte de busca as bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (Pepsic), Portal de Periódicos Capes/MEC; Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD); Red de Revistas Científicas da América Latina Y el Caribe, España y Portugal (Redalyc) e, como descritores, os termos "educação especial", "educação inclusiva", "inclusão" e "creche", no período de 1993 a 2017. Foram encontrados 25 trabalhos, dentre eles 17 teses e dissertações e oito artigos. Após leitura minuciosa dos objetivos, métodos e resultados, verificou-se que os temas políticas públicas de Educação Infantil e Educação Especial; creches inclusivas: relatos de casos; formação de profissionais e concepções sobre inclusão contemplam as discussões na área. A inclusão na creche ainda é incipiente, tanto nos documentos oficiais como na prática. No entanto, a formação dos profissionais para essa realidade influencia fortemente na percepção e nas concepções que eles têm das crianças e das atividades nos contextos educacionais. Desse modo, são importantes novos olhares sobre esses contextos, de forma a produzir materiais que possibilitem identificar fragilidades, experiências de sucesso, discussões relevantes que auxiliem na melhora da qualidade dos serviços oferecidos a essa faixa etária.
Usabilidade de Aplicativos de Tecnologia Assistiva por Pessoas com Baixa Visão
Authors: BORGES Wanessa Ferreira , MENDES Enicéia Gonçalves
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: Os dispositivos de Tecnologia Assistiva (TA) são potencialmente benéficos para pessoas com baixa visão. Todavia, esse público não os utiliza na promoção de sua funcionalidade, em razão do desconhecimento, das barreiras econômicas e por esses recursos marcarem a deficiência. Paralelamente, os aplicativos de smartphone e tablets apresentam-se como novas possibilidades em TA e seu uso tem se popularizado entre as pessoas com baixa visão por apresentarem características menos estigmatizadoras e serem economicamente mais viáveis, quando comparados aos recursos convencionais. O presente estudo visou identificar e caracterizar funcionalmente, a partir do ponto de vista dos usuários, aplicativos de smartphones e/ou tablets que assumem função de recursos de TA e vêm sendo utilizados por pessoas com baixa visão. Participaram do estudo 28 pessoas com baixa visão, que são membros de um grupo já existente no aplicativo WhatsApp. A coleta de dados aconteceu no espaço virtual desse aplicativo, individualmente, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram transcritos e organizados em duas categorias de análise: aplicativos utilizados e funcionalidade. Os participantes citaram 50 aplicativos e nove recursos de acessibilidade usados em smartphone e tablets. Em relação à funcionalidade, destacaram-se os aplicativos destinados ao acesso a conteúdos textuais, impressos ou digitais, e outros para realização de tarefas cotidianas, laborais, de estética e de navegação (orientação e mobilidade). A partir desse levantamento, foi possível identificar o potencial desses aplicativos na solução de dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas com baixa visão. Desse modo, sugere-se mais pesquisas, investimentos, divulgação e programas de ensino para aumentar o seu uso.
Conocimientos y competencia de futuros profesores de matemáticas en tareas de proporcionalidad
Authors: Burgos María , Beltrán-Pellicer Pablo , Giacomone Belén , Godino Juan D.
Published: November 2018

Resumen En este trabajo se describe el diseño e implementación de una acción formativa con estudiantes de un máster de profesorado de Educación Secundaria en España sobre el tema de proporcionalidad. El objetivo principal de la experiencia es explorar sus conocimientos iniciales y evaluar el grado de desarrollo de aspectos relevantes de la faceta epistémica del conocimiento didáctico-matemático de dicho contenido, en particular, el reconocimiento de niveles de algebrización involucrados en distintas soluciones a problemas de proporcionalidad. En la experiencia han participado 33 estudiantes con titulaciones de grado diversas y se ha realizado en el marco de la asignatura de Iniciación a la Innovación Docente e Investigación en Educación Matemática. Entre los resultados obtenidos destacamos las limitaciones en la competencia de análisis epistémico lograda, en particular, la identificación de proposiciones y procedimientos y sus correspondientes argumentaciones. En algunos casos, los estudiantes han mostrado carencias en el conocimiento común del contenido, el cual sirve de base para el conocimiento didáctico-matemático de este. Se concluye que la mejora de los resultados requiere, entre otras acciones, incrementar el tiempo asignado a la intervención formativa, lo cual permitirá incrementar el número y variedad de situaciones-problema planteadas, su solución y discusión.
Uso do diafragma externo na ligação entre viga de seção I e pilar tubular de seção circular
Authors: Coutinho Felipe Botelho , Ferreira Walnório Graça , Azevedo Macksuel Soares de
Published: November 2018

Resumo O diafragma externo na ligação entre viga metálica de seção I e pilar metálico tubular de seção circular tem por objetivo o aumento na eficácia da transferência dos esforços. A proposta é dar alternativas ao uso desse sistema estrutural, reduzindo a limitação imposta por sua simples ligação ao se adicionar esse elemento, similar a um anel, que envolve o pilar e é conectado à mesa da viga. As pesquisas com diafragma externo tiveram início na década de 1970 no Japão, onde foram feitas análises teóricas e experimentais de sua aplicação. No Brasil os primeiros estudos ocorreram em 2005, porém as normas de estruturas em aço brasileiras ainda não abordam esse assunto. Neste trabalho são feitas análises numéricas da ligação com diafragma externo entre viga de seção I e pilar tubular de seção circular para diferentes larguras e espessuras desse enrijecedor, em que é constatado o considerável aumento da resistência e da rigidez da ligação.
Modelo de regressão linear múltipla para avaliação do valor de mercado de apartamentos residenciais em Fortaleza, CE
Authors: Nunes David Brandão , Barros Neto José de Paula , Freitas Silvia Maria de
Published: November 2018

Resumo A avaliação de imóveis, que auxilia na definição do valor de mercado, é uma ciência importante e com vasto campo de atuação, seja na cobrança de impostos, transações comerciais, seguros e perícias judiciais, por exemplo. Este trabalho apresenta a construção de um modelo de regressão linear para determinação do valor de mercado (variável dependente) de apartamentos residenciais na cidade de Fortaleza, CE. O banco de dados estudado apresenta 17.493 apartamentos, divididos em 227 tipos de planta em um total de 154 empreendimentos lançados entre os anos de 2011 a 2014. O modelo desenvolvido foi obtido utilizando-se a regressão linear múltipla associada à técnica de ridge regression para solucionar o problema de multicolinearidade existente. Na análise de 30 variáveis (12 quantitativas e 18 variáveis qualitativas do tipo dummy) chegou-se a uma equação com 6 variáveis, que atende aos pressupostos teóricos para a sua existência.
A meta-analysis over geometric modeling simplifications in ENVI-met urban climate simulation
Authors: Favretto Ana Paula Oliveira , Souza Léa Cristina Lucas
Published: November 2018

Abstract Environmental modelling requires, among other aspects, a description of the built geometry. However, the complexity of the urban tissue draws uncertainties about the building form and locations. Therefore, during the planning process generic simplified geometry models may be more appropriate than the detailed ones. This research shows a meta-analysis performed by comparing the results of detailed and simplified geometric models. The prediction deviations that may arise from using geometric simplifications on ENVI-met modelling were evaluated, considering the output data from different building typologies (one and ten-storey buildings) and urban scenarios (with and without internal squares). Three metrics were analysed: air temperature, wind speed, and sky view factor (SVF). These metrics were normalized between 0 and 1 for comparison and performance assessment. The results indicated that the most adequate simplification models are those that that have kept the building perimeter of the blocks unchanged in relation to the corresponding detailed models.
Occurrence of Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis and probable exposure to Rickettsia amblyommatis in dogs and cats in Natal, RN
Authors: Lopes Marcos Gomes , Krawczak Felipe da Silva , Lima Julia Teresa Ribeiro de , Fournier Gislene Fatima da Silva Rocha , Acosta Igor da Cunha Lima , Ramirez Diego Garcia , Marcili Arlei , Labruna Marcelo Bahia , Gennari Solange Maria
Published: November 2018

Abstract Occurrence of infection or exposure to Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia spp. was detected in feral cats living in two fragments from Atlantic rainforest, in Natal, RN, Brazil, and in dogs living around the parks. While serum samples were collected from 155 animals (53 cats living in the parks; 29 dogs living in human homes around the parks; and 73 dogs living at an animal control center - ACC), spleen samples were collected from 20 dogs that were euthanized at ACC. Serum samples were analyzed to Rickettsia spp. and E. canis antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Seventeen of the 102 dogs (17%) had E. canis antibodies and 13% (20/155) of all dogs and cats (i.e. 3% (3/102) of the dogs and 32% (17/53) of the cats) were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. antigens. The animals were therefore been exposed to R. amblyommatis or by a very closely related genotype. Among the 20 dog spleen samples analyzed, eight were PCR positive for E. canis and two for H. canis (GenBank accession number MG772657 and MG772658, respectively). In none of the spleen samples were obtained amplicons for Babesia spp. through PCR. This study provided the first evidence that Rickettsia of the spotted fever group is circulating among dogs and cats in Natal.
A cysteine protease from the latex of Ficus benjamina has in vitro anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus
Authors: Wanderley Ledia Feitosa , Soares Alexandra Martins dos Santos , Silva Carolina Rocha e , Figueiredo Isaias Moreira de , Ferreira Andre Teixeira da Silva , Perales Jonas , Mota Handerson Ribeiro de Oliveira , Oliveira Jose Tadeu Abreu , Costa Junior Livio Martins
Published: November 2018

Abstract Haemonchus contortus is a gastrointestinal nematode that is responsible for high mortality rates in ruminant herds. The resistance of nematodes to synthetic anthelmintics is widespread and requires a continuous search for new bioactive molecules, such as proteins. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic potential of a protease purified from the latex of Ficus benjamina against H. contortus . Fresh latex was collected from plants via small incisions in the green stems, the rubber was removed by centrifugation, and the latex protein extract (LPE) was obtained. After LPE fractionation with ammonium sulfate and chromatography of the fraction containing the highest proteolytic activity on CM-cellulose, a cysteine protease (FbP) was purified. FbP has a molecular mass of approximately 23.97 kDa, and its proteolytic activity was stable between pH 6.0 and pH 10 and over a broad temperature range, with optimum activity at 60 °C. FbP inhibited both the development and exsheathment of H. contortus larvae, with 50% effective concentrations of 0.26 and 0.79 mg/mL, respectively. We conclude that this cysteine protease from F. benjamina latex with anthelmintic activity against H. contortus could be a promising alternative for the development of products for use in parasite control programmes.
Periphytic Cosmarium (Zygnematophyceae, Desmidiaceae) in lentic environments of the Upper Paraná River floodplain: Taxonomy and ecological aspects
Authors: Osório Nicolli Cristina , Polinario Aparecida Miranda , Dunck Bárbara , Adame Kisay Lorena , Carapunarla Luciana , Junqueira Maria Gabriela , Fernandes Ubirajara Lima , Rodrigues Liliana
Published: November 2018

Abstract Aim A taxonomic study of the species of the genus Cosmarium Corda ex Ralfs (Desmidiaceae) was conducted in two lentic environments of the Upper Paraná River Floodplain (Garças and Patos lakes). Methods The samples were collected in November 2016. Two petioles of Eichhornia azurea (Sw) Kunth were sampled and analyzed qualitatively. Results Six species, nine varieties, and three forms were identified, with five taxa being common to both lakes, nine in Garças Lake, and four in Patos Lake. Of this, thirteen species represent the first records for the floodplain environment. Conclusion This study contributes to the knowledge of the biodiversity of this region, providing support for future ecological studies and biomonitoring.
Effects of temperature increase and nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton functional groups in a Brazilian semi-arid reservoir
Authors: Souza Maria da Conceição de , Crossetti Luciane Oliveira , Becker Vanessa
Published: November 2018

Abstract Aim Our study aimed to evaluate changes in the phytoplankton functional groups brought about by increases in temperature and nutrients predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario for semi-arid regions. Methods Two experiments were performed, one in the rainy season and another in the dry season. The nutrient enrichment was based on the annual mean values (August 2012-August 2013) of soluble reactive phosphorus and nitrate verified in the reservoir. The microcosms were exposed to two different temperatures, the five-year average of air temperature in the reservoir (control) and 4°C above the control temperature (warming). The experiment was conducted over 12 days; every three days water samples of approximately 60 mL in volume were taken from the reservoir for chemical and phytoplankton analysis. All species were classified by Reynolds Functional Groups (RFG). Results The functional groups H1, X1, LO and S1 were the most representative in both seasons (rainy and dry). Our results showed that bloom-forming cyanobacteria, in particular the species of functional groups H1 and M, commonly reported in reservoirs in semi-arid regions of Brazil, were not significantly benefited by the warming and nutrient enrichment. The recruitment of other blue-green species, as well as diatoms and green algae, could be observed. Conclusions The effects of warming and/or nutritional enrichment can change the structure of the phytoplankton community. However, as not expected as the pessimist scenario, in our study the bloom-forming phytoplankton functional groups did not show changes in relative biomass. Instead, the recruitment of diatoms and green algae currently found in enriched environments was verified, specifically in the rainy period, when nutrient dilution typically occurs.
Infant feeding practices of a tribal community in a mandal of Khammam district, Telangana
Authors: Alwala Rajeshwar Rao , Dudala Shankar Reddy , Bolla Chandrasekhar Reddy , Patki Manoj B. , Ravi Kumar B. P.
Published: November 2018

Background: Breast milk is the best, safest and most nutritious food for infants. Though breast feeding is almost universal, there are yet some myths and false beliefs surrounding the practice due to various cultures and traditions in India. In the present study an attempt was made to understand various aspects of infant feeding practices among the Sugali tribes of Khammam district, Telangana state.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among Sugali community in Khammam mandal of Khammam district in Telangana from March to June 2010. In which 314 families with pre-school children were interviewed using a pre–designed semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Nearly 80% (251) of the mothers had said that they initiate breast feeding after one hour of delivery, while only 6% initiated breastfeeding within one hour delivery. About 54% of the mothers were giving colostrum to their newborns, while others (45.86%) were giving pre-lacteal feeding to the infants including jaggery water and honey. It was observed that most (71.65%) of the mothers were continuing to breastfeed their children more than 18 months. Only 11.78% of the mothers started weaning before 6 months of age. Socio-economic status, literacy rate and working status of the mothers were some of the influencing factors.Conclusions: The study identified the practices of infant feeding, their determinants among the sugali tribes and recommendations to improve their practices. False beliefs and difficulties regarding breast feeding need to be addressed through heath education and family support.
A study on prevalence of various risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of Dharwad region
Authors: Kumar Murari Pradeep , Patil Pushpa S. , Dixit Umesh R.
Published: November 2018

Background: Prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is routinely carried out in developed countries. The aim was to study the prevalence of risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of Dharwada population.Methods: A total of 652 subjects (male-328; female-324) with an age group 15-64 years from rural and urban areas of Dharwad population were selected for the present study. Pregnant women, severe chronic illness, bedridden patients and subjects who refused to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Age-sex, religion educational status, and occupation, type of family, socioeconomic status followed by a questionnaire on the use of tobacco, alcohol were collected and tabulated.Results: Subjects with tobacco smoking habit were 30 (9.2%) in the urban area which was more in comparison to 11 (3.4%) in the rural area. In the urban area, tobacco usage was more among males (62.9%) and unemployed (55.9%) and it was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). In the rural area, tobacco usage was more among 40-64 years age group (39.4%), males (61.6%), literates (39.4%), employed (48.8%) and lower socioeconomic group (39.2%) and it was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The alcohol consumption habit among the study subjects was more in the age group of 40-64 years in both urban (18.3%) and rural (9.6%) area and they were found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Consumption of tobacco, alcohol is the major risk factor in the management of cardiovascular diseases in the urban and rural population.
Protamine-like proteins have bactericidal activity. The first evidence in Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Notariale Rosaria , Basile Adriana , Montana Elena , Romano Nunzia Colonna , Cacciapuoti Maria Grazia , Aliberti Francesco , Gesuele Renato , De Ruberto Francesca , Sorbo Sergio , Tenore Gian Carlo , Guida Marco , Good Katrina V. , Ausió Juan , Piscopo Marina
Published: November 2018

The major acid-soluble protein components of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis sperm chromatin consist of the protamine-like proteins PL-II, PL-III and PL-IV, an intermediate group of sperm nuclear basic proteins between histones and protamines. The aim of this study was to investigate the bactericidal activity of these proteins since, to date, there are reports on bactericidal activity of protamines and histones, but not on protamine-like proteins. We tested the bactericidal activity of these proteins against Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis and two different strains of Staphylococcus aureus, as well as Gram-negative bacteria: Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhmurium, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, and Escherichia coli. Clinical isolates of the same bacterial species were also used to compare their sensitivity to these proteins. The results show that Mytilus galloprovincialis protamine-like proteins exhibited bactericidal activity against all bacterial strains tested with different minimum bactericidal concentration values, ranging from 15.7 to 250 µg/mL. Furthermore, these proteins were active against some bacterial strains tested that are resistant to conventional antibiotics. These proteins showed very low toxicity as judged by red blood cell lysis and viability MTT assays and seem to act both at the membrane level and within the bacterial cell. We also tested the bactericidal activity of the product obtained from an in vitro model of gastrointestinal digestion of protamine-like proteins on a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative strain, and obtained the same results with respect to undigested protamine-like proteins on the Gram-positive bacterium. These results provide the first evidence of bactericidal activity of protamine-like-proteins.
Sağlık eğitimi alan erkek öğrencilerin kendi kendine testis muayenesi yapma durumları ve etkileyen faktörler
Authors: Faydalı Saide
Published: November 2018

Amaç: Testis kanserinin erken teşhisi hastalarda
tedavi sürecinin olumsuz etkilerini, tedavi maliyetini ve cerrahi
müdahale gerekliliği azaltacak, doğurganlıkla
ilgili problemler önlenebilecek, yaşam kalitesi artacak, iyileşme süresi
kısalarak, mortalite önlenebilecektir. Testis kanserinin erken teşhisi için
kendi kendine testis muayenesi yapılması önemlidir. Bu çalışma, sağlık eğitimi
alan erkek öğrencilerin kendi kendine testis muayenesi yapma durumlarını ve etkileyen
faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı araştırma bir üniversitenin sağlık alanında eğitim
veren bölümlerinde okuyan ve gönüllü olarak katılan 107 erkek öğrenci ile
tamamlanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayı, yüzde, ortalamalar, ki kare ve
Spearsman’s korelasyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için ilgili kurum,
etik kurul ve öğrencilerin onamları alınmıştır. Bulgular:
Öğrencilerin %10,3’ünün ailesinde kanser öyküsü bulunmaktadır. Öğrencilerin
%33.6’sı kendi kendine testis muayenesi yapmayı bilmekte ve %21,5’i düzenli yapmaktadır.
Lisans düzeyinde ve hemşirelik eğitimi alanların (%82,6) kendi kendine testis
muayenesi yapma düzeylerinin diğer bölümlerde eğitim alanlardan anlamlı şekilde
yüksek olduğu, muayene yapmamalarının en önemli nedeninin bu konuda
bilgilerinin olmaması (%51,4) olduğu saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Sağlık
profesyoneli olmaya aday olan bu öğrencilerin kendi kendine testis muayenesi
yapmayı bilmesi ve düzenli yapması topluma rol modeli olmaları açısından
önemlidir.
Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of glass carbomer cement under in vitro conditions
Authors: TATLI Esra Ceren , ÖZER Levent
Published: November 2018

Aim: To evaluate
the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and microhardness of glass carbomer
cement in comparison to conventional glass ionomer cement and compomer.Material and Methods: The bonding strength test involved 60, second deciduous molar teeth. The
dentine bonding strength of the restorative materials was evaluated by a μTBS test.
Failure modes were determined by light microscopy. Plexi-glass molds of 5 × 2
mm (diameter × depth) were used for Vickers’ microhardness analysis.
Seventy-five samples were evaluated, considering twenty-five samples for each
material. The data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, at
p≤0.05.Results:There
was no significant difference between the μTBS of the glass carbomer (2.0 MPa)
and glass ionomer (1.7 MPa) (p>0.05). However, the μTBSof the
compomer (9.4 MPa) was higher than the glass carbomer and glass ionomer (p<0.001).
No significant difference was found among the three materials, regarding
adhesive, cohesive and mixed failure modes (p>0.05). The compomer presented the
highest microhardness value, followed by the glass ionomer and finally, the
glass carbomer (p<0.001).

Conclusion:The
glass carbomer cement showed a lower μTBSto the dentine than the compomer.
Furthermore, the microhardness of the carbomer was lower than the compomer and
glass ionomer.
The Islamic State Threat to European and North American Security
Authors: Celso Anthony
Published: November 2018

This essay examines Islamic State (IS) terror activity in Europe and North America. It does so in four parts. First, it analyses the pioneering role of Abu Muhammad al-Adnani who from 2012-2016 served as IS’ chief propagandist and terror orchestrator. Second, it looks at IS’ terror campaign to weaken Western homeland security. Third, it discusses the Islamic State attacks in Europe and North America. Finally, it assesses future IS’s terrorism in the West.
Lessons Learned in Intelligence Analysis
Authors: Vancouver CASIS
Published: November 2018

Abstract
An Acceptable Level of Violence: Assessing the Development of the British Government’s Security Approach to ‘The Troubles’ From 1969-79
Authors: McDonnell Jack , Butcher Rory David McDonald
Published: November 2018

Those seeking to engage in warfare against organised governments in the 21st century are increasingly relying on such governments being unable to respond in an appropriate manner. The latter half of the 20th century in Northern Ireland is a perfect example of a ruling authority modifying its approach to the security issues it was confronted by throughout the conflict. “The Troubles”, as the three decades of guerrilla warfare has now become known, was dealt with by the British establishment through three specific policies – all of which saw changes implemented during the first ten years of the landmark conflict. These were: the implementation of Direct Rule, the so-called “Normalisation” of asymmetric warfare, and the reliance on the local paramilitaries over the British Army. All of these policies can be seen to have failed in particular ways, although careful examination shall explain the logic behind these shifts in British reactionary policy and their effects in the regions of the province of Ulster affected by the conflict. Being a very brief survey of this conflict, this paper does not address other policies enacted – nor does it encompass every aspect of the evidence available. It merely aims to act as an overview.
ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF DRACAENA CINNABARI BALF. RESIN ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SOQATRA ISLAND IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS
Authors: Al-Baoqai Nahed , Al-Mahbashi Hassan , Al-Adhal Adnan
Published: November 2018

Dracaena Cinnabari balfis a species plant in Abalfurn 1984e de la p pharmaciegavaceae family. It is a tree endemic to the Island of Socotra,Yemen. It was used as a dye and medicine in Socotra  and the Mediterranean basin. Some researches demonstrated both hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic of its resin of Dracaena Cochinchinensis, a traditional Chinese tree. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of the ethanolic extract of dracanea cinnabari balfresin (DCBR), endemic in Socotra Island, in Alloxan induced diabetes, and evaluation of possible antihyperlipidemic activity of the same extract in high-cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemia in male albino rats. Experimental diabetes was induced in rats with intraperitoneal injection a single dose of Alloxan (150 mg/kg). Hyperlipidemia was induced in rats by administration of 1% cholesterol in diet and 0.5 % Hydrogen Peroxide in drinking water for 14 days. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured at 1st day, 7th day and 14th day. Pancreas histopathology was done at the end. Estimation of serum lipid profile and liver   histopathology was done at the end of 14 day. The results were expressed as mean ± SD and differences among the groups of animals were compared using one-way ANOVA. Administration of ethanolic extract of resin of two doses (100mg and 300mg\kg) in alloxan induce diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in FBG levels with a recovery in destruction of pancreas cell compared with untreated group .Also the same doses of extract showed significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and alkaline phospatase in comparing with untreated groups. From the results of present study we can conclude the ethanolic extract of Dracaena Cinnabari Balf. have a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity in experimental animals  , these activity are time and dose dependent.
WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF JATROPHA TANJORENSIS LEAVES
Authors: Viswanathan Madepalli Byrappa gowdu , Jeya Ananthi Jesu Doss , Livingston Raja NataRajan , Venkateshan Narayanan
Published: November 2018

The term “wound” is defined as a disruption of normal anatomical structure. Therefore, “healing” is the complex and dynamic process that results in the restoration of anatomical continuity and function. Albino Wistar rats (150-180 g) of both sexes were selected. The experiment of Wound Healing Activity by Excision Wound Model and Incision Wound Model by the simple ointment B.P., reference standard drug (0.2% w/w nitrofurazone ointment), stigmasterol ointment (0.2% w/w), hexane, chloroform and methanol extract ointments of 3%, 4% and 5% w/w of leaves in Jatropha tanjorensis in simple ointment base (where 3g, 4g and 5 g of the extracts was incorporated in 100 g of simple ointment separately). The time for wound closure to methanol extract ointment (5% w/w) and stigmasterol (0.2% w/w) was similar to that of standard drug, nitrofurazone ointment (0.2% w/w) 16 ± 2 days in Excision Wound Model. The significant tensile strength at 3%: 4%: 5% w/w methanol extract ointments (p<0.001), followed by chloroform extract and hexane extract. Stigmasterol ointment at 0.2% w/w produced tensile strength comparable with Standard drug, nitrofurazone ointment (0.2% w/w) (p<0.001) in Incision Wound Model.  Kirithikar and basu stated that the juice of the Jatropha plant and the pounded leaves are applied to wounds and refractory ulcers. The juice is very successfully used to treat scabies, eczema and ringworm. The present study proved that the leaves have wound healing activity.
Influence of Storage Conditions and Corrosive Environments on the Mechanical Properties of GFRP Rebars
Authors: Benin Andrey , Bogdanova Ekaterina
Published: November 2018

A trend of applying composite reinforcement in construction industry has been growing in Russia recently: hence, new manufacturing plants have appeared and the volume of sales has increased. However there were not enough experimental studies of the polymer reinforcement chemical stability and the influence of various factors (climate, corrosive environments, nonstationary loading, etc.) on the strength of structures reinforced with polymer rebars. The objective of this investigation was to identify the influence of long-term storage conditions and exposure to corrosive environment (i.e. 5 % NaCl solution) produced on the mechanical properties of GFRP rebars.
Additive Allometric Models of Single-Tree Biomass of Betula Sp. as a Basis of Regional Taxation Standards for Eurasia
Authors: Usoltsev Vladimir Andreevich , Shobairi Seyed Omid Reza , Chasovskikh Viktor Petrovich
Published: November 2018

In recent years, as the ecological role of forests has grown to a global level, the need to analyze their biological productivity in terms of biogeography has increased. Such studies are carried out mainly on a regional scale at the levels of both single-trees and forest stands. Thanks to formed by the authors the database on the biomass of 1076 sample trees of the genus Betula sp. growing on the territory of Eurasia, the trans-Eurasian model of tree biomass is proposed for the first time. The model takes into account regional differences in the biomass structure of equal-sized trees, harmonized on the principle of additivity.
Stress Response Analysis of Concrete Pavement Under Tire of Heavy Vehicle
Authors: Valašková Veronika , Vlček Jozef
Published: November 2018

This article illustrates the applicability of the Finite Element Method (FEM) in the analysis of multi-layer concrete pavement systems subjected to tire loading of a heavy vehicle. For the purpose of simplifying the interaction of the interaction system, it is appropriate to divide the system into two separate independent subsystems, the vehicle and the pavement. For this reason, 2-dimensional interaction model of the contact vehicle-obstacle and 3-dimensional FEM model of the concrete pavement were created. A several constitutive material models, such as linear elastic model, are applied in the analysis to describe the behaviour of the pavement structure. The numerical results from the first computational model can be used as the input for the second calculation phase. The concrete pavement represents a standard pavement, which is used for the regular road structures in road engineering. FEM modelling of the pavement can be used for the direct estimation of the pavement response without performing time and cost expensive field experiments. Calculations were performed in software ADINA using FEM method.
Abdominal Sepsis: An Update
Authors: Mureșan Mircea Gabriel , Balmoș Ioan Alexandru , Badea Iudita , Santini Ario
Published: November 2018

Despite the significant development and advancement in antibiotic therapy, life-threatening complication of infective diseases cause hundreds of thousands of deaths world. This paper updates some of the issues regarding the etiology and treatment of abdominal sepsis and summaries the latest guidelines as recommended by the Intra-abdominal Infection (IAI) Consensus (2017). Prognostic scores are currently used to assess the course of peritonitis. Irrespective of the initial cause, there are several measures universally accepted as contributing to an improved survival rate, with the early recognition of IAI being the critical matter in this respect. Immediate correction of fluid balance should be undertaken with the use of vasoactive agents being prescribed, if necessary, to augment and assist fluid resuscitation. The WISS study showed that mortality was significantly affected by sepsis irrespective of any medical and surgical measures. A significant issue is the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the clinical setting, and the reported prevalence of ESBLs intra-abdominal infections has steadily increased in Asia. Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America, and South Pacific. Abdominal cavity pathology is second only to sepsis occurring in a pulmonary site. Following IAI (2017) guidelines, antibiotic therapy should be initiated as soon as possible after a diagnosis has been verified.