bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MODELVALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE (VCT) TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN NILAI-NILAI SEJARAH KELAS XIDI SMA ISLAM AL-FALAH JAMBI
Authors: Nur Agustiningsih Gea Ardisti,
Published: August 2022

AbstractThis research is motivated by the number of students who do not understand the values of history because the subject of history is still not emphasizing learning in the affective domain and teachers are still using Conventional learning models, so that the overall goal of learning history is not maximally achieved. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an influence of the Value Clarification Technique (VCT) model in the learning of history to the understanding of the historical values of the XI grade students of Al-Falah Jambi Islamic High School. This research is a quantitative descriptive experimental research type. The technique of data analysis is by conducting the prerequisite test first, the prerequisite test is the normality and homogeneity test.Keywords: Value Clarification Technique, Historical ValuesAbstrakPenelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh banyaknya siswa yang kurang memahami nilai-nilai sejarah dikarenakan guru mata pelajaran sejarah masih kurang menekankan pembelajaran pada ranah afektif dan guru masih menggunakan model pembelajaran Konvensional, sehingga tujuan keseluruhan dari pembelajaran sejarah tidak maksimal tercapai.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model Value Clarification Technique (VCT) dalam pembelajaran sejarah terhadap pemahaman nilai-nilai sejarah siswa kelas XI SMA Islam Al-Falah Jambi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif jenis eksperimen. Tenik analisis data dengan melakukan uji prasyarat terlebih dahulu, uji prasyaratnya yaitu uji normalitas dan homogenitas.Kata kunci: Value Clarification Techqnique, Nilai-nilai Sejarah
PENANAMAN NASIONALISME MELALUI MATA KULIAH PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Setyowati Rini
Published: August 2022

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara penanaman nasionalisme melalui mata kuliah PPKN di Perguruan Tinggi. Indonesia sebagai negara bangsa tidak dapat menghindari tantangan globalisasi, tapi dengan mengikuti Pancasila sebagai prinsip-prinsip, Indonesia akan mampu mempertahankan eksistensi dan identitas.Penelitian inimenggunakan penelitiandeskriptif kualitatif dimaksudkanuntuk mengukurdengan cermatfenomenasosial tertentu,Analisa menggunakan data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing. Hasil dari penelitian adalah  bahwa mempertahankan semangat nasionalisme di benak generasi muda sejak kecil akan membuat mereka lebih tahan terhadap pengaruh negatif dan dekadensi moral merajalela di era globalisasi. Dengan demikian, untuk memperkuat moralitas dan etika melalui PPKN dapat dilakukan dengan penugasan mahasiswa yang berhubungan dengan nasiolisme di kalangan pemuda, memberikan penugasan puisi kepada mahasiswa tentang kepahlawanan, membuat mading untuk memperkuat nasionalisme, membuat pertunjukan dengan tema-tema perjuangan, menonton video- video kepahlawanan.Kata Kunci: Nasionalisme, Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan AbstractThis research aims to find out how to embed nationalism through PPKN courses in higher education. Indonesia as a nation state cannot avoid the challenges of globalization, but by following Pancasila as principles, Indonesia will be able to maintain existence and identity. This research uses descriptive qualitative research intended to carefully measure certain social phenomena, analysis using data reduction, display data, conclusion drawing. The result of the research is that maintaining the spirit of nationalism in the minds of the younger generation since childhood will make them more resistant to negative influences and moral decadentism in the era of globalization. Thus, to strengthen morality and ethics through PPKN can be done by assigning students related to nationalism among youth, giving poetry assignments to students about heroism, making mading to strengthen nationalism, making performances with themes of struggle, watching videos of heroism.Keyword : Nationalism, Citizenship Education
PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU SEJARAH DI SMA NEGERI 1 KOTAGAJAH LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Muhammad Rb Aurora Nandia Febrianti,
Published: August 2022

Abstrak: Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prsepsi siswa terhadap  kinerja guru sejarah di SMA Negeri 1 Kotagajah Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini dlaksanakan di SMA Negeri 1 Kotagajah Lampung Tengah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan data yang diperoleh menggunakan tehnik angket, dan observasi.  Persepsi siswa terhadap kinerja guru sejarah disini meliputi 3 aspek yaitu aspek dalam penyampaian materi, aspek dalam penggunaan media dan metode pembelajaran, serta aspek dalam pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran. Untuk populasinya adalah seluruh siswa di SMA Negeri 1 kotagajah dan untuk sampelnya sendiri yaitu terdiri dari 69 siswa yang diambil menggunakan tekhnik random sampling yaitu kelas XI IPS 1 dan XI IPA 1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi siswa terhadap kinerja guru sejarah dalam ketiga aspek masuk kategori baik, yaitu aspek dalam penyampaian materi yang diberikan oleh guru sejarah dinilai baik oleh siswa, kemudian aspek penggunaan media dan metode pembelajaran juga dinilai baik oleh siswa, serta dalam pelaksanaan evaluasi pembelajaran siswa juga menilai baik.Kata kunci: persepsi siswa, kinerja guruAbstract: The purpose of this study was to determine students' perceptions of the performance of history teachers at SMA Negeri 1 Kotagajah, Central Lampung. This research was carried out at SMA Negeri 1 Kotagajah, Central Lampung. The method used is descriptive method with data obtained using questionnaires and observation techniques. Students' perceptions of the performance of history teachers here include 3 aspects, namely aspects in the delivery of material, aspects in the use of media and learning methods, and aspects in the implementation of learning evaluation. The population is all students in SMA Negeri 1 Kotagajah and the sample itself consists of 69 students who were taken using a random sampling technique, namely class XI IPS 1 and XI IPA 1. The results showed that students' perceptions of the performance of history teachers in all three aspects were categorized as good, namely the aspect of delivering the material given by the history teacher was considered good by the students, then the aspect of using media and learning methods was also considered good by the students, and in the implementation of the evaluation of student learning it was also considered goodKey Words : student perception, teacher performance
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR HANDOUT PADA MATERI MASUKNYA ISLAM DI NUSANTARA MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH KELAS X DI SMA NEGERI 2 BAYUNG LENCIR
Authors: Ulul Azmi Ik Reza Candra,
Published: August 2022

AbstrakPenelitian dan pengembanga ini berangkat dari permasalahan yang terjadi di SMA Negeri 2 Bayung Lencir dimana pembelajaran yang dilakukan monoton dan kurang bervariasi sehingga siswa cepat bosan. Media pembelajaran dapat menjadi alternative dalam pemecahan masalah yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk media pembelajran yaitu media Handout dan menerapkannya pada pelajaran Sejarah kelas X di SMA Negeri 2 Bayung Lencir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ADDIE yang dikembangkan oleh Ick and Carey pada tahun 1996. Model ADDIE terdapat beberapa tahapan diantaranya: Analyze (Analisis), Design (Perancangan), Devolepment (Pengembangan), Implementation (Penerapan), Evaluation (Penilaian). Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Negeri 2 Bayung Lencir dengan subjek penelitian siswa kelas X IPS yang berjumlah 10 orang. Hasil penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran Handout persentase media 83,8 yang tergolong valid. Pada penilaian tim ahli media dan ahli materi. Pada ahli media pencapaian nilai skor 80 yang tergolong valid, dan ahli materi pencapaian nilai skor 89,23 yang tergolong sangat valid. Kesimpulan dari penelitian dan pengembangan media Handout dalam pembelajaran Sejarah pada materi masuknya Islam ke Nusantara sesuai dengan langkah-langkah pengembangan media. Media tergolong sangat valid berdasarkan hasil pencapaian skor pada kualitas media dan pencapaian skor dari tim ahli.Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Media, Handout, Masuknya Islam. AbsractThis research and development departs from the problem that occur in SMA N 2 Bayung lencir where the learning is monotonous and less varied so that student get bored quickly. Learnig media can be an alternative in solving problem that occur. This study aims to produce a learning media product, namely Handout media and its application to the class X history lesson at SMA N 2 Bayung lencir. The method used in this research In ADDIE which wis developed by Ick dan Carey in 1996. The ADDIE model has several stage including : Analyze, design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. The research was conducted at SMA N 2 Bayung lencir whit the research subject being 10 student of class X IPS. The result of the research on the development of learning media handout the propotion of media is 83.8 which is classified as valid. On the assessment of a team of media experts and material experts. On the media experts assessment score of 80 which is classified as valid, and the media experts assessment score of 89.23 which is classified as valid. The conclusion of the research and development of handout media in history learning on the materal of the entri of Islam to the archipelago is in accordace with the step’s of media development. The media is classified as very valid based on the result of the score and the quality of media and the assessment of expert team.Keyword: Development Media, Handout, The entri of Islam.
ANALISIS BAHAN AJAR IPS BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DAERAH DALAM MEWUJUDKAN INTEGRASI NASIONAL
Authors: Wira Fimansyah Rini Setyowati,
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Salah satu tujuan pembelajaran IPS adalah mempersiapkan peserta didik menjadi warga negara yang baik. Salah satu hal yang perlu dipersiapkan dalam mata pelajaran IPS guna mencapai fungsi ini adalah bisa memilih dan menggabungkan materi sesuai dengan local content masyarakat Indonesia. Pemilihan bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan masyarakat Indonesia yang beragam akan menjadi rujukan peserta didik untuk mempelajari berbagai keragaman yang ada dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Sehingga bisa mencegah radikalisme di tengah tengah kehidupan bernegara. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi literature dalam menganalisis bahan ajar IPS berbasis pendidikan multikultural dan kearifan lokal daerah dalam mewujudkan integrasi nasional. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa bahan ajar IPS berbasis pendidikan multikultural dan kearifan lokal daerah terbukti efektif dalam mewujudkan integrasi nasional.Keywords: Bahan ajar IPS, pendidikan multikultural, kearifan lokal, integrasi nasional
Derecho a la salud frente la ley de prevención, protección y atención de la diabetes
Authors: Quevedo Zalamea María Mercedes , Molina Torres María Victoria
Published: August 2022

Introducción: La salud tiene una connotación en la actualidad importante considerada como un derecho de primera generación, para llegar a este derecho el ser humano tuvo que pasar muchos aspectos a lo largo de la historia. Para respaldar el derecho a la salud existen instrumentos internacionales que velan por el cumplimiento de las doctrinas, siendo instrumentos de control y apoyo para el ordenamiento jurídico. El constitucionalismo ecuatoriano ha evolucionado paulatinamente siendo en la actualidad una Constitución garantista, en donde el derecho a la salud es parte del Buen Vivir y adquiere la importancia que se requiere para llevar el buen manejo de este derecho fundamental. En el Ecuador, respecto al derecho a la salud frente a enfermedades como la diabetes mellitus es regida por una normativa que se encuentra estancada ante la realidad actual, esta es la Ley de prevención, protección y atención de la diabetes, publicada el 11 de marzo de 2004, no ha sido reformada ni desagrega los principios y derechos contemplado en la Constitución de la Republica del Ecuador del 2008. Objetivo: Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo se garantiza el derecho a la salud para las personas que padecen diabetes mellitus tipo 1 a través de la normativa jurídica ecuatoriana. Metodología: la metodología implementada en esta investigación ha sido de tipo cualitativo, descriptivo y se aplicó de análisis jurídico. Resultados: el resultado de esta investigación propone una reforma legal que garantice la prevención, protección y atención a personas con diabetes. Conclusiones: se concluye que el Estado no esta garantizando de forma adecuada el acceso al derecho a la salud a personas que padecen de diabetes mellitus tipo 1.
Indentifikasi dan Mitigasi Risiko Rantai Pasok Susu Sapi Perah
Authors: Ikhwana Andri , Subagja Firman Hari
Published: August 2022

Setiap proses kegiatan yang memiliki hubungan dengan aktivitas kegiatan dengan pihak lain selalu memiliki risiko terhadap pencapain kinerja dari kegiatan tersebut sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk mengenali setiap risiko yang muncul sehingga dapat dilakukan upaya mitigasi dari setiap risiko tersebut melalui identifikasi risiko dan mitigasi pasa stiap rantai pasok kegiatan usaha.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko rantai pasok susu sapi perah beserta rancangan mitigasi risiko rantai pasoknya sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi memberikan data dan informasi mengenai risiko pada aktifitas rantai pasok susu sapi perah dan strategi mitigasi risiko dalam upaya mengurangi atau meminimalkan dampak risiko yang ditimbulkan.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada kegiatan ini dilakukan secara deskriptif melalui aktivitas pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan wawancara, kuisioner, dan dokumentasi kepada pihak yang berkaitan dengan aliran rantai pasok susu sapi perah, selanjutnya metode pengolahan data menggunakan Model Supply-Chain Operations Reference dan House of Risk yang terdiri dari 2 fase.  Pengguaan Model Supply-Chain Operations Reference dilakukan untuk memudahkan dalam mengidentifikasi risiko pada setiap aktifitas rantai pasok susu sapi perah yang kemudian menjadi input bagi House of Risk fase 1, selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran tingkat keparahan (Severity), tingkat kemunculan (Occurance) serta perhitungan nilai Agregate Risk Potential. House of Risk fase 2 yaitu penanganan/ mitigasi risiko. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat 12 kejadian risiko dan 19 agen risiko pada supplier, 11 kejadian risiko dan 12 agen risiko pada proses manufactur. Terdapat 10 aksi mitigasi risiko pada pihak supplier dan 6 aksi mitigasi pada pihak manufactur yang dapat digunakan sehingga diharapkan dapat membantu proses mitigasi risiko pada rantai pasok susu sapi perah.
Incidence of Upper Respiratory Diseases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Data-Based Epidemiological Study
Authors: Kim Jin Youp , Kim Su Hwan , Choi Hyeryeong , Yang Hae Ju , Hong Min Ji , Lim Yun-Sung , Yoon Hyung-Jin
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives Nonpharmacologic interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing and preventive measures, were administered during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which may influence the incidence of upper respiratory diseases (URDs). The present study compared the incidence of URDs during the COVID-19 pandemic and during the years prior to COVID-19, and investigated the effect of NPIs on URD in the nationwide general population.Subjects and Method This is an epidemiologic study based on the Korean National Health Insurance Database from March 2016 to February 2021. We compared the monthly incidence of URDs from March 2020 to February 2021 (12 months) with that of the past four years. A negative binomial regression model was used to evaluate the annual difference in the incidence of each URD and adjusting temperature, humidity, and the level of particulate matter 10 (PM10).Results The monthly incidence of ‘the five common URDs’ in 2020 was significantly lower than that in the past four years. The incidence of other chronic diseases, however, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, was comparable or higher in the past four years. Among the five common URDs, influenza virus infections decreased most dramatically, nearing 99%, from 296.4-377.1 per 100000 people during the period of 2016 to 2019 to 3.7 per 100000 people in 2020.Conclusion The present study shows that the incidence of ‘five common URDs’ significantly decreased during the era of COVID-19 in Korea. We believe that nationwide NPI might prevent the transmission of COVID-19 as well as other infectious sources associated with URDs.
Princípios bioéticos e sua aplicação frente a infecção pelo vírus da Hepatite B
Authors: Lima Alessandre Gomes de , Costa Ruth  Silva Lima da , Sousa Júnior João José Albuquerque de , Lobato Cirley Maria de Oliveira , Ribeiro Dilza Terezinha Ambros , Nunes Rui
Published: August 2022

A bioética tem a função de assegurar o bem-estar das pessoas, garantindo e evitando possíveis danos que possam ocorrer aos seus interesses, proporcionando ao profissional e aos que são atendidos por ele, o direito ao respeito e a vontade, respeitado suas crenças e valores. Objetivo: evidenciar os princípios bioéticos e sua aplicação frente a infecção pelo vírus da Hepatite B a luz da literatura. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão estudos mistos, publicados nas bases da National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scientific Eletrônic Library Online (SCIELO), no período cronológico compreendido entre 2012 a 2022. Resultados: evidenciou-se que a infecção crônica pelo VHB é a principal causa de Cirrose Hepática e carcinoma hepatocelular e que a vacinação é um meio eficaz para a mudança desse cenário. A vacina, contempla o princípio bioético da justiça e, evidências cientificas embasam a beneficência, no entanto, os efeitos adversos, interferem na não-maleficência., entretanto, os efeitos colaterais, resultam em conflitos que envolvam o princípio da não-maleficência. Estas consequências intensificam-se, quando são associadas a fatores individuais e/ou coletivos, os quais podem interferir na autonomia do indivíduo em aderia tal medida de prevenção. Conclusão:  a condução do tratamento e prevenção da Hepatite B deve ser amplamente discutida em associação com os princípios bioéticos, desenvolvendo ações em saúde, que possam garantir ao indivíduo, os princípios da autonomia, beneficência, não-maleficência e justiça.
Perfil epidemiológico da Doença de Chagas Aguda no Estado do Pará entre os anos de 2016 a 2020
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Cunha de , Souza Eduarda Randel Guimarães , Freitas Evellem Vitória de Souza , Rocha Adrya Rafaela da Silva , Lima Anderson Bentes de , Coelho Higson Rodrigues , Sousa Smayk Barbosa , Braga Thais Gleice Martins
Published: August 2022

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma avaliação do perfil epidemiológico da DCA no estado do Pará entre os anos de 2016 a 2020. Para isso, o método utilizado neste estudo se deu pela utilização do banco de dados do DATASUS para os casos de DCA entre os anos de 2016 a 2020 utilizando variáveis socioeconômicas e regionais em saúde. De acordo com o achado, os meses de julho a janeiro possuem altos níveis de casos de DCA registrados, além da idade mais afetada estar entre os 20 a 59 anos, aliando-se principalmente às características socioeconômicas da população do estado e os aspectos culturais de consumo alimentar do açaí na região, associado também a forma de transmissão que na maior parte dos casos ocorre de forma vetorial, além da zona mais afetada ser a rural, que combinado com as regiões em saúde demonstram perspectivas políticas diferenciais na coleta de informação de casos e qualidade no atendimento prestado a população com DCA. Com isso, a pesquisa epidemiológica com DCA no estado revela paradigmas que ainda estão presentes no estado principalmente para a população negligenciada como pretos/pardos, indígenas e ribeirinhos, além das condições regionais de distribuição investimentos em saúde e condições apropriadas para o tratamento da DCA, o que revela que tal situação necessita de debate no estado.
DAPATKAH KEPEMIMPINAN MEMPERKUAT DISIPLIN KERJA DAN KOMITMEN ORGANISASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA KARYAWAN?
Authors: Chevalino Viorel , Ismail Verni Yuliaty
Published: August 2022

Transformational leadership is a contemporary leadership approach characterized by inspiring followers to achieve organizational goals. The purpose of the study was to analyze whether leadership factors can moderate work discipline and employee organizational commitment to improve their performance. The research is designed as a field study with the type of research as explanatory research. The research subjects are employees of private and government companies, with a total sample of 140 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaire instrument and analyzed using the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) Method. The results showed that work discipline, organizational commitment and leadership can be used as models that have great suitability to predict the effect of the variables studied on employee performance. The results of the study have also proven that the work discipline of employees and a high commitment to the organization have an effect on increasing employee performance. In this study, transformational leadership does not have a role to strengthen work discipline or organizational commitment in improving employee performance.
Crohn’s Disease Concurrent with Hemoglobin E (HbE) Disease Manifested as Melaena with Severe Anaemia
Authors: Tanni Afia Zainab , Ahmed Dewan Saifuddin , Siddique Md. Ibrahim , Chowdhury MSI Tipu
Published: August 2022

Hemoglobin E (HbE) disease is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder presented as mild anaemia and occasionally a slightly enlarged spleen but usually do not have disease symptoms and do not require treatment. Crohn’s disease is an uncommon inflammatory bowel disease having relapsing and remitting course usually extending over years involving any part of the gastrointestinal tract presenting as abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss, a rare disease in Bangladesh. Here we are presenting a case of 23-year- old female of HbE disease with melaena and severe anaemia who later diagnosed as Crohn’s disease concurrent with HbE disease.
Zoning Control: Revisiting the Brussels Conference Act of 1890 and Its Legacy into the Twentieth Century
Authors: Oldfield Jackson
Published: August 2022

One hundred and thirty years ago, governments convened in Brussels to discuss a new treaty that would address the trades in slaves, firearms and liquors in Africa. This treaty - the Brussels Conference Act (BCA) - came just five years after the Berlin Conference and Act and has largely been overshadowed by its predecessor. In many ways, though, for colonial governments the BCA was both the necessary counterpart and the logical, as well as legal, successor to the Berlin Conference and Act. If Berlin politically carved up the continent of Africa, Brussels provided the legal justification for doing so. The BCA did this through creating a series of zones, within which European states empowered themselves to act in ways that would facilitate, and at times mandate, colonialism in the guise of humanitarian ideals. These zones covered much of sub-Saharan Africa and the waters off its eastern coast. While the BCA itself lasted until the end of the First World War, the idea of these zones had greater longevity, with special zones proposed in discussions on slavery and the arms trade both during the League of Nations era and into the early years of the United Nations. This article explores the ways in which the idea of this zone within the BCA enabled colonialism and how this idea persisted into the middle of the twentieth century. In doing so, it seeks to consider zones of control not only a matter of legal history, but also as a way to better understand and make more visible the structures upon which international law is built today.
The Regulatory Dilemma on Mass Communications Surveillance and the Digital Right to Privacy in Africa: The Case of South Africa
Authors: Basimanyane Dorcas
Published: August 2022

Behind the cloak of maintaining national security and public order, African governments and the private sector constantly encroach upon the data privacy rights of individuals. The right to privacy is not only protected by various international human rights instruments that African states have voluntarily ratified but has been enshrined in several constitutions. Yet, without proper safeguards, the same states continue to stifle the right through intrusive surveillance methods. They indiscriminately acquire, intercept, transmit, analyse and retain an individual’s data, able to be amassed to generate intimate and detailed profiles of individuals.

While the right to privacy is not absolute, international human rights law requires that its limitations be legal, justifiable and reasonable 129 . Hence the purpose of this article is to determine the extent to which the South African communications surveillance law conformed to the foregoing. The article finds that the silence of the Regulation of Interception of Communications and Provision of Communication-related Information Act 130 (RICA) on mass surveillance, its weak and ineffective data privacy safeguards, insufficient oversight provisions and law enforcement officials’ impunity render the law invalid for a democratic society. Further, the new personal data law 131 has exempted national security operations from its regulation. As a result, RICA needs to be reformed, as affirmed by the recent verdict of AmaBhunghane Centre for Investigative Journalism NPC v. Minister of Justice and Correctional Services & Others 132 .
The Administration of Criminal Justice Act and the Extinguishment of Trial de Novo in Nigeria: Far From Being Settled?
Authors: Eyongndi David Tarh-Akong
Published: August 2022

This article discusses the current innovation introduced by the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) in the trial of criminal cases which has purportedly extinguished trial de novo. It argues that based on extant case law and the provisions of the Constitution, section 396(7) of the ACJA is null and void, therefore it cannot achieve the intended purpose. This article adopts doctrinal research methodology focusing on the meaning and circumstances in which trial de novo would be invoked and its legal implications as well as the difference between trial de novo and appeal. It argues that unless the Constitution that creates the courts is amended as contemplated under section 9 thereof, the purported extinction of trial de novo by the ACJA cannot be achieved despite the good intention as the elevation to High Court judge robs him of jurisdiction to preside over a dispute as a trial judge. It found that the ACJA does not envisage cases of retirement and death of a trial judge or magistrate which are causes of trial de novo. It identifies alternatives to trial de novo under the 2011 Evidence Act and makes a case for their adoption as done by the Indian courts. It recommends that the relevant sections of the Constitution be amended wherein the mischief sought to be cured by the ACJA can then be legally achieved just as it was in the case of the National Industrial Court via the 1999 CFRN (Third Alteration) Act 2010.
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Uganda Human Rights Commission vis-à-vis the Paris Principles Relating to the Status of National Human Rights Institutions
Authors: Balarabe Kasim , Mbeli Valentine Tebi , Azeez Abdulkareem
Published: August 2022

The Paris Principles relating to the status of national human rights institutions set universally acknowledged standards for assessing the effectiveness of a domestic national human rights institution. However, it is often the case for these institutions to formally conform to the principles but remain ineffective. The article examines the Uganda Human Rights Commission, which enjoys ‘A’ status for its compliance with the Paris Principles parameters and discovered that, notwithstanding the compliance, the effectiveness of a national human rights institution could be hampered in practice. The article argues that proper assessment of the effectiveness of a domestic institution should transcend formal and structural compliance with the Paris Principles and examine the practical manifestation of those standards in the institution's operation. The institutions can be rendered ineffective by the appointment of unqualified members, lack of diversity and pluralism, inadequate funding and facilities, unnecessary bureaucratic bottlenecks, binding incompatible instruments and non-compliance with decisions.
Flow deviation and critical choking in transonic turbine cascades operating with non-ideal compressible flows
Authors: Tosto Francesco , Giuffré Andrea , Colonna Piero , Pini Matteo
Published: August 2022

In this work we examine the flow deviation and its relationship to critical choking, i.e., choking of the meridional component of velocity, in transonic turbine cascades operating with non-ideal compressible flows. To this purpose, a generalized expression of the corrected flow per unit area as a function of both the thermodynamic state and the molecular complexity of the working fluid, the Mach number, and the amount of swirl is derived. The trends of the corrected flow with respect to these quantities are used to infer physical insights on the flow deviation and on the operability of transonic turbine cascades in off-design conditions. Moreover, reduced-order models for the estimation of the flow deviation and the preliminary assessment of the losses have been developed and validated against the results of CFD simulations performed on a representative transonic turbine stator. Results suggest that flows of dense organic vapors exhibit larger deviations than those pertaining to compounds made of simple molecules, e.g., air. Furthermore, transonic turbines expanding dense vapors reach critical choking conditions at lower Mach numbers than the ones operating with simple molecules, and are affected by larger dissipation due to viscous mixing.
Teachers’ perceptions on relevant upper-secondary vocational graduate competencies and their development
Authors: Ilomäki Liisa , Löfgren Sami , Toom Auli
Published: August 2022

Finnish initial vocational education and training aims for graduate employability by emphasising self-directed learning and workplace learning. However, little is known about what competencies teachers consider relevant for graduates, how teachers address competencies in their instruction and how they perceive the benefits of workplace learning. Therefore, this study aims to highlight teachers’ perceptions and their practices on these topics. This is a qualitative interview study conducted in cooperation with a large Finnish vocational education provider. Participants of the study were teachers in automotive engineering, electrical and automation engineering, mechanical and metal engineering, and building service technology. The data were collected with semi-structured qualitative interviews and analysed using qualitative, abductive content analysis. The research findings indicate that teachers consider fundamental domain-specific competencies and work-related attitudes paramount for graduates as these promote professional expertise and employability. Secondly, teachers prefer to teach domain-specific competencies. However, the emergence of self-directed learning demands that teachers be pedagogically competent. Thirdly, teachers deem workplace learning beneficial but also consider that school may offer more equal and versatile education opportunities for everyone. The research findings enrich the scientific discussion on vocational graduate competency needs and vocational teaching and support the development of vocational education systems.
Functional networks of the human bromodomain-containing proteins
Authors: Gao Cong , Glass Karen C. , Frietze Seth
Published: August 2022

Background: Bromodomains are a structurally conserved epigenetic reader domain that bind to acetylated lysine residues in both histone and non-histone proteins. Bromodomain-containing proteins (BRD proteins) often function as scaffolding proteins in the assembly of multi-protein complexes to regulate diverse biological processes. BRD proteins have been classified based on biological and functional similarity, however the functions of many BRD proteins remains unknown. PPI network analysis is useful for revealing organizational roles, identifying functional clusters, and predicting function for BRD proteins.

Results: We used available data to construct protein-protein interaction networks (PPINs) to study the properties of the human bromodomain protein family. The network properties of the BRD PPIN establishes that the BRD proteins serve as hub proteins that are enriched near the global center to form an inter-connected PPIN. We identified dense subgraphs formed by BRD proteins and find that different BRD proteins share topological similarity and functional associations. We explored the functional relationships through clustering and Hallmark pathway gene set enrichment analysis and identify potential biological roles for different BRD proteins.

Conclusion: In our network analysis we confirmed that BRD proteins are conserved central nodes in the human PPI network and function as scaffolds to form distinctive functional clusters. Overall, this study provides detailed insight into the predictive functions of BRD proteins in the context of functional complexes and biological pathways.
Targeting regulation of stem cell exosomes: Exploring novel strategies for aseptic loosening of joint prosthesis
Authors: Ma Tian-Liang , Chen Jing-Xian , Ke Zhuo-Ran , Zhu Peng , Hu Yi-He , Xie Jie
Published: August 2022

Periprosthetic osteolysis is a major long-term complication of total joint replacement. A series of biological reactions caused by the interaction of wear particles at the prosthesis bone interface and surrounding bone tissue cells after artificial joint replacement are vital reasons for aseptic loosening. Disorder of bone metabolism and aseptic inflammation induced by wear particles are involved in the occurrence and development of aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. Promoting osteogenesis and angiogenesis and mediating osteoclasts and inflammation may be beneficial in preventing the aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. Current research about the prevention and treatment of aseptic loosening of the prosthesis focuses on drug, gene, and stem cell therapy and has not yet achieved satisfactory clinical efficacy or has not been used in clinical practice. Exosomes are a kind of typical extracellular vehicle. In recent years, stem cell exosomes (Exos) have been widely used to regulate bone metabolism, block inflammation, and have broad application prospects in tissue repair and cell therapy.
Translational potential of base-editing tools for gene therapy of monogenic diseases
Authors: Reshetnikov Vasiliy V. , Chirinskaite Angelina V. , Sopova Julia V. , Ivanov Roman A. , Leonova Elena I.
Published: August 2022

Millions of people worldwide have rare genetic diseases that are caused by various mutations in DNA sequence. Classic treatments of rare genetic diseases are often ineffective, and therefore great hopes are placed on gene-editing methods. A DNA base–editing system based on nCas9 (Cas9 with a nickase activity) or dCas9 (a catalytically inactive DNA-targeting Cas9 enzyme) enables editing without double-strand breaks. These tools are constantly being improved, which increases their potential usefulness for therapies. In this review, we describe the main types of base-editing systems and their application to the treatment of monogenic diseases in experiments in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, to understand the therapeutic potential of these systems, the advantages and disadvantages of base-editing systems are examined.
Adaptation of cell spreading to varying fibronectin densities and topographies is facilitated by β1 integrins
Authors: Lemma Enrico Domenico , Jiang Zhongxiang , Klein Franziska , Landmann Tanja , Weißenbruch Kai , Bertels Sarah , Hippler Marc , Wehrle-Haller Bernhard , Bastmeyer Martin
Published: August 2022

Cells mechanical behaviour in physiological environments is mediated by interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM). In particular, cells can adapt their shape according to the availability of ECM proteins, e.g., fibronectin (FN). Several in vitro experiments usually simulate the ECM by functionalizing the surfaces on which cells grow with FN. However, the mechanisms underlying cell spreading on non-uniformly FN-coated two-dimensional substrates are not clarified yet. In this work, we studied cell spreading on variously functionalized substrates: FN was either uniformly distributed or selectively patterned on flat surfaces, to show that A549, BRL, B16 and NIH 3T3 cell lines are able to sense the overall FN binding sites independently of their spatial arrangement. Instead, only the total amount of available FN influences cells spreading area, which positively correlates to the FN density. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that β1 integrin subunits are mainly responsible for this behaviour, as further confirmed by spreading experiments with β1-deficient cells. In the latter case, indeed, cells areas do not show a dependency on the amount of available FN on the substrates. Therefore, we envision for β1 a predominant role in cells for sensing the number of ECM ligands with respect to other focal adhesion proteins.
Reviewing and screening ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for effective CO2 capture
Authors: Foorginezhad Sahar , Yu Gangqiang , Ji Xiaoyan
Published: August 2022

CO2 capture is essential for both mitigating CO2 emissions and purifying/conditioning gases for fuel and chemical production. To further improve the process performance with low environmental impacts, different strategies have been proposed, where developing liquid green absorbent for capturing CO2 is one of the effective options. Ionic liquids (IL)/deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently emerged as green absorbents with unique properties, especially DESs also benefit from facile synthesis, low toxicity, and high biodegradability. To promote their development, this work summarized the recent research progress on ILs/DESs developed for CO2 capture from the aspects of those physical- and chemical-based, and COSMO-RS was combined to predict the properties that are unavailable from published articles in order to evaluate their performance based on the key properties for different IL/DES-based technologies. Finally, top 10 ILs/DESs were listed based on the corresponding criteria. The shared information will provide insight into screening and further developing IL/DES-based technologies for CO2 capture.
Development of a reliable UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of zearalenone and zearalenone-14-glucoside in various feed products
Authors: Zhang Zhiqi , Cai Yaling , Fan Kai , Huang Qingwen , Zhao Xiuying , Cao Haojie , Zhao Zhihui , Tangni Emmanuel K. , Han Zheng
Published: August 2022

A reliable ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of two mycotoxins, that is, zearalenone (ZEN) and zearalenone-14-glucoside (ZEN-14G) in formula feed, concentrated feed, and premixed feed products. An improved sample pretreatment was achieved with the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridges efficiently removing the impurities and enriching the target analytes in different feeds. The critical parameters affecting the performance of the solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure were carefully optimized, and 20% acetonitrile in water as the loading solution, 50% methanol in water as the washing solvent, and 5 ml of methanol as the elution solvent yielded the optimal purification efficiencies. The established method was thoroughly validated in terms of linearity (R2 ≥ 0.999), sensitivity (limit of quantification in the range of 0.50–5.00 μg kg−1), recovery (89.35 ± 2.67% to 110.93 ± 1.56%), and precision (RSD, 3.00–14.20%), and it was then successfully applied to investigate a total of 60 feed samples. Among them, 50 samples were found to be contaminated with ZEN (an incidence of 83.3%) at levels ranging from 0.63 to 615.24 μg kg−1, whereas 22 samples were contaminated with ZEN-14G (an incidence of 36.7%) in the range of 0.89–15.31 μg kg−1. The developed method proved to be a specific and reliable tool for intensive monitoring of ZEN and ZEN-14G in complex feed matrices.
Reduced diversity of intestinal T-cell receptor repertoire in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Hong Sung Noh , Park Joo-Young , Yang So-Yun , Lee Chansu , Kim Young-Ho , Joung Je-Gun
Published: August 2022

Background

The intestinal microenvironment directly determines the human T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. Despite its extreme diversity, TCR repertoire analysis may provide a better understanding of the immune system in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Methods

To investigate TCR repertoires in the intestinal mucosa, RNA sequencing was performed for inflamed and non-inflamed intestinal mucosa samples obtained from 13 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and healthy mucosa from nine non-IBD controls.

Results

The gene expression frequency of the TCR repertoire showed a clear separation between inflamed mucosa of patients with CD and healthy mucosa of non-IBD controls in the hierarchical clustering heatmap. The richness of TCR repertoires measured by the Chao1 index did not show a significant difference among groups, whereas diversity measured by the D50 diversity index was decreased in the inflamed mucosa of CD patients. Rare/small TCR clonotypes occupied a large proportion of TCR repertoires in healthy mucosa of controls, whereas expanded clonotypes were common in inflamed mucosa of patients with CD. Segment usages of TRAV2, TRAV22, TRAV40, TRJ14, TRAJ51, TRBV1, TRBV21.1, and TRBJ1.5 were significantly decreased in CD patients. KEGG enrichment analysis identified the enrichment of several KEGG pathways, including inflammatory bowel disease (p= 0.0012), Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation (p= 0.0011), and intestinal immune network for IgA production (p= 0.0468).

Conclusions

The diversity of the TCR repertoire is reduced in inflamed mucosa of CD patients, which might contribute to intestinal inflammation.
Where do T cell subsets stand in SARS-CoV-2 infection: an update
Authors: Tarique Mohammad , Suhail Mohd , Naz Huma , Muhammad Naoshad , Tabrez Shams , Zughaibi Torki A. , Abuzenadah Adel M. , Hashem Anwar M. , Shankar Hari , Saini Chaman , Sharma Alpana
Published: August 2022

An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in China in December 2019 and spread so rapidly all around the globe. It’s continued and spreading more dangerously in India and Brazil with higher mortality rate. Understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 depends on unraveling of interactional mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 and human immune response. The immune response is a complex process, which can be better understood by understanding the immunological response and pathological mechanisms of COVID-19, which will provide new treatments, increase treatment efficacy, and decrease mortality associated with the disease. In this review we present a amalgamate viewpoint based on the current available knowledge on COVID-19 which includes entry of the virus and multiplication of virus, its pathological effects on the cellular level, immunological reaction, systemic and organ presentation. T cells play a crucial role in controlling and clearing viral infections. Several studies have now shown that the severity of the COVID-19 disease is inversely correlated with the magnitude of the T cell response. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses is of high interest because T cells are attractive vaccine targets and could help reduce COVID-19 severity. Even though there is a significant amount of literature regarding SARS-CoV-2, there are still very few studies focused on understanding the T cell response to this novel virus. Nevertheless, a majority of these studies focused on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that were specific for viruses. The focus of this review is on different subtypes of T cell responses in COVID-19 patients, Th17, follicular helper T (TFH), regulatory T (Treg) cells, and less classical, invariant T cell populations, such as δγ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells etc that could influence disease outcome.
Hypertension in Women: A South-Asian Perspective
Authors: Farrukh Fatima , Abbasi Amin , Jawed Misbah , Almas Aysha , Jafar Tazeen , Virani Salim S. , Samad Zainab
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Hypertension is an important contributor to cardiovascular disease related morbidity and mortality. Despite the magnitude of its negative impact on cardiovascular outcomes, treatment and control of hypertension remain suboptimal in both men and women.

Materials and Methods

Numerous databases, i.e., PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc., were searched using keywords to identify relevant studies to our narrative review. The findings from the most pertinent articles were summarized and integrated into our narrative review on hypertension in women.

Results

The pathophysiology of essential hypertension is still being delineated in both men and women; there are multiple sex specific factors in association with the development of hypertension in women, including age, combined oral contraceptives (COCs), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), preeclampsia, etc. There are several sex specific considerations in antihypertensives drug choices.

Discussion

Despite the magnitude of its negative impact on cardiovascular outcomes, treatment and control of hypertension remain suboptimal in women. Medical treatment and adherence is uniquely challenging for South Asian women due to a variety of socio-cultural-economic factors. Further research is warranted to identify optimal sex-specific treatment options that will improve the control of hypertension and decrease the risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease in both genders.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection and atherosclerosis in a young man with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Hongbo , Ma Xiaojuan , Xu Linjie , Wang Xin , Shi Dazhuo , Zhao Fuhai , Zhang Ying
Published: August 2022

Background

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare coronary artery disease that frequently occurs in young, female patients without risk factors, and conservative treatment is often recommended for its management. The patient reported here is a male patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Case summary

We described a 28-year-old man with SLE who presented with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and was diagnosed with SCAD through a long dissection of the left anterior descending branch (LAD) by coronary angiography. The patient was treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. Ten years later, he developed in-stent stenosis and other coronary atherosclerosis and was retreated with PCIs. Based on this case and according to the literature review, the existing treatment and prognosis of SLE with spontaneous coronary artery dissection and atherosclerosis are discussed.

Conclusion

Cardiovascular complications should be considered in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, although they may not initially be atherosclerotic diseases. Attention should be paid to distinguish spontaneous coronary dissection in order to minimize missed or delayed diagnoses and take appropriate managements, as well as the development of atherosclerosis in SLE patients, and timely intervention has a better prognosis.