bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New rat to mouse xenograft transplantation of endometrium as a model of human endometriosis
Authors: Abdolmaleki Amir , Jalili Cyrus , Mansouri Kamran , Bakhtiari Mitra
Published: September 2021

Background

Endometriosis can lead to infertility. Since there is no definitive treatment for endometriosis, animal modelling seems necessary to examine the possible treatments. Mouse endometrium cannot be separated for endometriosis induction. In addition, transplantation of uterus into the abdominal viscera to induce endometriosis causes organ damage. In this study, we defined a new model of endometriosis leading to separability of endometrium and a safe anatomical region for transplantation.

Methods

Forty female mice were allocated to 5 groups: 1, sham; 2, allograft uterus transplantation of mice to anterior abdominal wall of mice; 3, allograft uterus transplantation of mice to mesentery of mice; 4, xenograft endometrial transplantation of rat to anterior abdominal wall of mice; 5, xenograft endometrial transplantation of rat to mesentery of mice. Adult female rats with a previous pregnancy experience were selected and placed in the vicinity of male rats for 2 weeks to induce estrogen secretion and increase endometrial thickness.

Results

In the 4th group of animals, compared to sham, the peritoneal concentrations of VEGF‐A, TNF‐α, NO, MDA, and serum levels of CA‐125 and IL‐37 were increased and total body weight was decreased, while weight and size of endometrial lesions were increased significantly (P < .05). Genes expression of HOXA10 and HOXA11 were decreased significantly (P < .05) in groups 2 and 4 compared to sham.

Conclusions

Xenograft transplantation of endometrium from rat to anterior abdominal wall of mice can potentially mimic human endometriosis morphologically, histologically, and genetically.
Porengebundenes Wasser an der Schlüsselaminosäure Histidin‐37 in Influenza A M2
Authors: Movellan Kumar Tekwani , Dervişoğlu Rıza , Becker Stefan , Andreas Loren B.
Published: September 2021

Atomare Details strukturierter Wassermoleküle sind unentbehrlich für das Verständnis der Thermodynamik wichtiger biologischer Prozesse wie des Protonenleitungs‐Mechanismus des M2‐Proteins. Trotz der Erwartung von strukturierten Wassermolekülen, basierend auf Kristallstrukturen von Influenza A M2, wurden nur zwei Wasserpopulationen mittels NMR in rekonstituierten Lipiddoppelschicht‐Proben beobachtet. Diese sind freie und Lipid‐assoziierte Wasserpopulationen, welche typischerweise in Membranproben beobachtet werden. Hier detektieren wir ein gebundenes Wassermolekül mit einer chemischen Verschiebung von 11 ppm, nahe der funktionellen Aminosäure Histidin‐37 in der M2‐Leitfähigkeitsdomäne, welche Aminosäuren 18 bis 60 umfasst. Durch die Kombination von 100‐kHz‐Magic‐Angle‐Spinning‐NMR, dynamischer Kernpolarisation und dichtefunktionaltheoretischer Berechnungen zeigen wir, dass das gebundene Wasser eine Wasserstoffbrücke zum δ1‐Stickstoff von Histidin‐37 bildet.
Energy Migration Control of Multimodal Emissions in an Er3+‐Doped Nanostructure for Information Encryption and Deep‐Learning Decoding
Authors: Song Yapai , Lu Mengyang , Mandl Gabrielle A. , Xie Yao , Sun Guotao , Chen Jiabo , Liu Xin , Capobianco John A. , Sun Lining
Published: September 2021

Modulating the emission wavelengths of materials has always been a primary focus of fluorescence technology. Nanocrystals (NCs) doped with lanthanide ions with rich energy levels can produce a variety of emissions at different excitation wavelengths. However, the control of multimodal emissions of these ions has remained a challenge. Herein, we present a new composition of Er3+‐based lanthanide NCs with color‐switchable output under irradiation with 980, 808, or 1535 nm light for information security. The variation of excitation wavelengths changes the intensity ratio of visible (Vis)/near‐infrared (NIR‐II) emissions. Taking advantage of the Vis/NIR‐II multimodal emissions of NCs and deep learning, we successfully demonstrated the storage and decoding of visible light information in pork tissue.
Thermoneutral N−H Bond Activation of Ammonia by a Geometrically Constrained Phosphine
Authors: Abbenseth Josh , Townrow Oliver P. E. , Goicoechea Jose M.
Published: September 2021

A geometrically constrained phosphine bearing a tridentate NNS pincer ligand is reported. The effect of the geometric constraint on the electronic structure was probed by theoretical calculations and derivatization reactions. Reactions with N−H bonds result in formation of cooperative addition products. The thermochemistry of these transformations is strongly dependent on the substrate, with ammonia activation being thermoneutral. This represents the first example of a molecular compound that reversibly activates ammonia via N−H bond scission in solution upon mild heating.
Synthesis of tetranuclear complex of Pd(II) with thiosemicarbazone ligands derived from 2‐quinolone and its catalytic evaluation in Suzuki–Miyaura‐type coupling reactions and alkoxylation of chloroquinolines
Authors: Nandhini Sundar , Dharani Sivadasan , Elamathi Chennakrishnan , Dallemer Frederic , Prabhakaran Rathinasabapathi
Published: September 2021

A tetranuclear palladium(II) complex [(Pd(H‐6MOQtsc‐Ph))4] was obtained from the reaction between 6‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxaldehyde‐4(N)‐phenylthiosemicarbazone [H2‐6MOQtsc‐Ph] and K2[PdCl4]. The ligand and the Pd(II) complex were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), UV–visible and 1H NMR spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction studies confirmed the tetrameric nature of the complex with the coordination of ligand through quinolone carbonyl, azomethine nitrogen and thiolate sulfur atoms, and the fourth site is occupied by 2‐quinolone nitrogen atom of the adjacent ligand. The synthesized complex was tested as catalyst in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction between various chloroquinoline derivatives with phenylboronic acid. The reactions afforded unexpected C‐alkoxylated (CO coupling) products instead of more expected C‐arylated (CC coupling) products in the respective alcoholic mediums. However, the reactions with traditional aryl halides probed with very good yield of the corresponding CC coupling products.
Tandem Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted NH Pyrroles from Simple Nitriles
Authors: Kim Hyeongsu , Xuan Zi , Hyun Kim Ju
Published: September 2021

An efficient tandem route to obtain tetrasubstituted NH pyrroles in a one‐pot manner has been developed, staring from simple nitriles, ethyl bromoacetates, and zinc. This reaction involves oxidative dimerization of the zinc bromide complex of β‐enaminoesters using cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as an oxidant, affording 2,3,4,5‐tetrasubstituted pyrroles in yields up to 91%.
Origin of the Aggregation‐Induced Phosphorescence of Platinum(II) Complexes: The Role of Metal–Metal Interactions on Emission Decay in the Crystalline State
Authors: Inoue Ryo , Naota Takeshi , Ehara Masahiro
Published: September 2021

Discerning the origins of the phosphorescent aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) from Pt(II) complexes is crucial for developing the broader range of photo‐functional materials. Over the past few decades, several mechanisms of phosphorescent AIE have been proposed, however, not have been directly elucidated. Herein, we describe phosphorescence and deactivation processes of four class of AIE active Pt(II) complexes in the crystalline state based on experimental and theoretical investigation. These complexes show metal‐to‐ligand and/or metal−metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer emission in crystalline state with different heat resistance against thermal emission quenching. The calculated energy profiles including the minimum energy crossing point between S0 and T1 states were consistent with the heat resistant properties, which provided the mechanism for AIE expression. Furthermore, we have clarified the role of metal‐metal interaction in AIE by comparing two computational models.
Managing and treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates
Authors: Tow Emily W. , Ersan Mahmut Selim , Kum Soyoon , Lee Tae , Speth Thomas F. , Owen Christine , Bellona Christopher , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Mikelonis Anne M. , Westerhoff Paul , Mysore Chandra , Frenkel Val S. , deSilva Viraj , Walker W. Shane , Safulko Andrew K. , Ladner David A.
Published: September 2021

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are present in many waters, have detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have shown excellent PFAS separation performance in water treatment; however, these membrane systems do not destroy PFAS but produce concentrated residual streams that need to be managed. Complete destruction of PFAS in RO and NF concentrate streams is ideal, but long‐term sequestration strategies are also employed. Because no single technology is adequate for all situations, a range of processes are reviewed here that hold promise as components of treatment schemes for PFAS‐laden membrane system concentrates. Attention is also given to relevant concentration processes because it is beneficial to reduce concentrate volume prior to PFAS destruction or sequestration. Given the costs and challenges of managing PFAS in membrane concentrates, it is critical to evaluate both established and emerging technologies in selecting processes for immediate use and continued research.

Article Impact Statement

Readers will benefit from learning about established and emerging management approaches for per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances and the peculiarities of their application to reverse osmosis and nanofiltration concentrates.
Pre‐ and post‐flushing of three schools in Arizona due to COVID‐19 shutdown
Authors: Richard Rain , Boyer Treavor H.
Published: September 2021

A one‐day water sampling and flushing study was conducted for three schools in Maricopa County that experienced prolonged building inactivity due to the COVID‐19 pandemic: an elementary school, middle school, and high school. Grab samples were taken at hand washing sinks, water fountains, and hose bibbs before and after flushing. Samples were analyzed for free chlorine, UVA254, copper, lead, total trihalomethanes, pH, conductivity, temperature, and Legionella species. All three schools experienced an increase in free chlorine post‐flush. Copper concentrations were higher for first draw samples than post‐flush samples for all schools. Conductivity, temperature, and pH did not see a major change after flushing. UVA254 values decreased after flushing. Bromoform species saw a 20% increase after flushing at the elementary school. Legionella spp. did not decrease post‐flush at the elementary school. Overall, flushing changed the water quality at the schools. However, equipment flushing may be necessary to fully remediate Legionella spp.

Article Impact Statement

Prolonged closure of buildings causes water quality issues such as lack of disinfectant and Legionella. Flushing can restore water quality.
Outcomes of kidney‐transplanted patients with history of intestinal reconstruction of the urinary tract
Authors: Gueguen Juliette , Timsit Marc‐Olivier , Scemla Anne , Boutin Jean‐Michel , Bruyere Franck , Longuet Hélène , Sberro‐Soussan Rebecca , Legendre Christophe , Anglicheau Dany , Büchler Matthias
Published: September 2021

Background

Due to increased risk of pyelonephritis, patients with intestinal reconstruction of the lower urinary tract (IRLUT) have long been advised against kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of transplantation between patients with IRLUT and patients with normal LUT (NLUT) using propensity score matching method.

Methods

The study included 23 kidney recipients with IRLUT matched to 46 kidney recipients with NLUT using known allograft survival and pyelonephritis risk factors as covariates. One‐, 5‐, and 10‐year graft survival, pyelonephritis, and surgical complications occurrence and graft function were compared.

Results

One‐, 5‐, and 10‐year graft survival were 96%, 91%, and 63% in the IRLUT group and 96%, 88%, and 70% in the NLUT group, respectively (p = 0.72). Patients with IRLUT had increased cumulative risk of pyelonephritis at 10 years (70% vs. 19%; log‐rank < 0.01) without impacting graft function or rejection occurrence. There was no difference in overall surgical complication, but patients with IRLUT had more urological complications than patients with NLUT (62% vs. 28%; p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Our case‐control study consolidates the results regarding the safety of transplantation in patients with IRLUT using a strong validated matching method and provides new insights regarding graft function, pyelonephritis, and surgical complications in this population.
Leveraging patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with pancreatic cancer: The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN) online patient registry experience
Authors: Gupta Arjun , Khalid Omar , Moravek Cassadie , Lamkin Anica , Matrisian Lynn M. , Doss Sudheer , Denlinger Crystal S. , Coveler Andrew L. , Weekes Colin D. , Roeland Eric J. , Hendifar Andrew E. , Nipp Ryan D.
Published: September 2021

Background

The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN) Patient Registry is an online, pancreatic cancer‐specific, global registry enabling patients to self‐report sociodemographics, disease/management characteristics, and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). We sought to describe the creation, user experience, and research potential of the PanCAN Registry.

Methods

We obtained data to describe (1) the creation of the Registry (questionnaire development, marketing efforts, and regulatory considerations); (2) the user experience (user characteristics and interactions with the registry following inception); and (3) the research potential of the registry (comparing PROs and treatment patterns by age [±65 years] and treatment site [community or academic] for users with de novo metastatic disease).

Results

The Registry was conceived as part of PanCAN’s strategic plan for a personalized therapy initiative. PanCAN staff and disease expert consultants developed questionnaires hosted on an electronic PRO platform. Users had the option to include their data in research efforts, and the Registry platform received institutional review board approval. From 7/2015 to 12/2020, 2187 patients visited the registry and 1697 (77.6%) completed at least one survey (median age = 64 years [range: 24–90], 47.9% women, 88.7% White, 34.0% metastatic disease). Among patients with metastatic disease (N = 567), 46.0% were ≥65 years old and 67.5% received treatment at community sites. Patients ≥65 years reported feeling less hopeful about the treatment plan (12.4% vs. 24.3%, p = 0.003), and patients treated at community sites reported more frequent treatment breaks of >2 weeks (58.2% vs. 28.1%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate the feasibility, usability, and research potential of an online PRO registry for patients with cancer. This description of the PanCAN Registry should inform future registry‐building efforts to facilitate standardized PRO reporting and provide a valuable research database.

Clinical trial registration number: Not applicable.
Clinical outcomes according to lesion complexity in high bleeding risk patients treated with 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy following PCI: Analysis from the Onyx ONE clear study
Authors: Kandzari David E. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Mehran Roxana , Price Matthew J. , Simon Daniel I. , Latib Azeem , Kedhi Elvin , Abizaid Alexandre , Worthley Stephen G. , Zaman Azfar , Hudec Martin , Stoler Robert , Choi James W. , Kanitkar Mihir , Conradie Andre , Tam Chor‐Cheung Frankie , Walton Antony , Gruberg Luis , Ando Kenji , Lee Lilian C. , Lung Te‐Hsin , Windecker Stephan , Stone Gregg W.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To compare clinical outcomes in high bleeding risk (HBR) patients with and without complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treated with Resolute Onyx zotarolimus‐eluting stents (ZES) after 1‐month dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT).

Background

PCI with 1‐month DAPT has been demonstrated to be safe in HBR patients treated with Resolute Onyx ZES. Whether these outcomes are consistent in patients with complex lesions is uncertain.

Methods

Among HBR patients who were event‐free 1 month after PCI with ZES and treated thereafter with single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT), the clinical outcomes between 1 month and 1 year were compared after complex PCI (3 vessels treated, ≥ 3 lesions treated, total stent length > 60 mm, bifurcation with ≥ 2 stents implanted, atherectomy, or left main, surgical bypass graft or chronic total occlusion PCI) versus noncomplex PCI. Propensity score adjustment was performed to adjust for baseline differences among complex and noncomplex patients.

Results

Complex patients (N = 401, 26.6% of total) had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and previous myocardial infarction (MI). Between 1 month and 1 year, rates of MI (7.1% vs. 4.0%, p = 0.02) and cardiac death/MI (9.3% vs. 6.1%, p = 0.04) were higher among complex versus noncomplex patients, although stent thrombosis rates were similar. After adjustment for baseline characteristics, differences in outcomes were no longer significant between groups.

Conclusions

Higher rates of ischemic outcomes in complex PCI patients were largely explained by baseline clinical differences, rather than lesion complexity, among HBR patients treated with 1‐month DAPT following PCI with Resolute Onyx ZES.
Reversible pH‐Controlled Catenation of a Benzobisimidazole‐Based Tetranuclear Rectangle
Authors: Dekhtiarenko Maksym , Pascal Simon , Elhabiri Mourad , Mazan Valerie , Canevet David , Allain Magali , Carré Vincent , Aubriet Frédéric , Voitenko Zoia , Sallé Marc , Siri Olivier , Goeb Sébastien
Published: September 2021

The development of methodologies to control on demand and reversibly supramolecular transformations from self‐assembled metalla‐structures requires the rational design of architectures able to answer to an applied stimulus. While solvent or concentration changes, light exposure or addition of a chemical have been largely explored to provide these transformations, the case of pH sensitive materials is less described. Herein, we report the first example of a pH‐triggered dissociation of a coordination‐driven self‐assembled interlocked molecular link. It incorporates a pH sensitive benzobisimidazole‐based ligand that can be selectively protonated on its bisimidazole moieties. This generates intermolecular electrostatic repulsions that reduces drastically the stability of the interlocked structure, leading to its dissociation without any sign of protonation of the pyridine moieties involved in the coordination bonds. Importantly, the dissociation process is reversible through addition of a base.
More social determinants lead to more cancer death: A tragic dose response
Authors: Wender Richard C.
Published: September 2021

People with more social determinants of poor health are at higher risk for death from cancer. This article proposes a roadmap to reduce the devastating effects of social factors.
A multi‐institutional study of salivary gland cytopathology: Application of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology in Japan
Authors: Higuchi Kayoko , Urano Makoto , Akiba Jun , Nogami Miwako , Hirata Yukiya , Zukeran Yoko , Moriyoshi Koki , Tada Yuichiro , Fukushima Mana , Obayashi Mariko , Sakamoto Shinnichi , Kuraoka Kazuya , Kira Kana , Kawahara Akihiko , Kato Taku , Tanigawa Maki , Nakaguro Masato , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Nagao Toshitaka
Published: September 2021

Background

The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC) is a risk‐stratification reporting system that was introduced in 2018. The objective of this multi‐institutional study was to evaluate the utility of the MSRSGC in Japan.

Methods

In total, 1608 fine‐needle aspiration samples with matching histologic diagnoses were retrieved from 12 large institutions in Japan. The diagnostic categories of the MSRSGC were assigned prospectively or retrospectively, and the results were compared with the histologic diagnoses.

Results

The cases were classified as follows: nondiagnostic, 18.1%; non‐neoplastic, 4.1%; atypia of undetermined significance, 11.5%; neoplasm‐benign, 43.7%; salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, 9.6%; suspicious for malignancy, 3.6%; and malignant, 9.4%. The risk of neoplasm and the risk of malignancy in each MSRSGC category were as follows: nondiagnostic, 72.9% and 13.4%, respectively; non‐neoplastic, 15.2% and 9.1%, respectively; atypia of undetermined significance, 77.9% and 24.9%, respectively; neoplasm‐benign, 99% and 1.8%, respectively; salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential, 94.8% and 37%, respectively; suspicious for malignancy, 100% and 89.7%, respectively; and malignant, 100% and 99.3%, respectively. The accuracy of the MSRSGC for diagnosing neoplasms was 97.8%, and its accuracy for diagnosing malignancy was 97.3%. Institutions that used Romanowsky‐stained preparations had lower nondiagnostic rates and lower risks of neoplasm and malignancy in the non‐neoplastic category.

Conclusions

The MSRSGC is useful for risk stratification and quality control. Widespread use of the MSRSGC would improve the accuracy of salivary gland cytology and lead to better patient care in Japan.
A new hierarchy framework for feature engineering through multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm in text classification
Authors: Asgarnezhad Razieh , Monadjemi S. Amirhassan , Aghaei Mohammadreza Soltan
Published: September 2021

Sentiment classification is a field of sentiment analysis concerned with analyzing opinions, emotions, evaluations, and attitudes regarding a special topic like a product, an organization, a person, or an incident. With the growth of user‐generated content on the Web, this field gained great importance in online reviews. With a wide range of reviews, customers cannot read all reviews. Considering the increasing rate of electronic documents and the urgent need manually mine for keywords that are hard and time‐consuming, doing the same automatically is of high demand. A new framework proposed here to mine and classify users' comments based on mining keywords by applying the sequence pattern mining through the Separation‐Power concept, a multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition with four objectives, and a neural network as the final classifier. Some modifications are made on multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition and Apriori algorithms to improve the text classification efficiency. To evaluate the proposed framework, three datasets applied; which compared with the two methods to measure accuracy, precision, recall, and error‐index. The results indicate that this framework provides a better outcome than its counterparts with 99.45 precision, 99.34 accuracy, 99.48 recall, and 99.28% f‐measure.
Grass carp larval density synchronised with river discharge fluctuations in the subtropical Pearl River, China
Authors: Zhang Yingqiu , Li Xinhui , Li Jie , Li Yuefei
Published: September 2021

River discharge/flow exerts fundamental driving effects on the river ecosystem and larval abundance dynamics. In the subtropical Pearl River, China, the species‐specific effects of river discharge on the occurrence of grass carp larvae remain unknown. We performed cross wavelet analysis, using data on the daily density of larvae collected from 2006 to 2013 at a fixed site downstream in the Pearl River, to explore the temporal correlation between river discharge/water temperature and larval density. We further used the conditional random forest and generalised additive models to determine relevant environmental effects on their relationship. Grass carp larvae appeared from late April to early October, but mainly during June and July. River discharge, but not water temperature, showed significant coherence and in‐phase relationship with larval density. For discharge in significant coherence with larval density, it ranged from 4,740 to 28,700 m3/s, with peak discharge from 4,900 to 30,900 m3/s, and the discharge fluctuation state from −16 to 10 days (where − indicates the falling stage and + the rising stage). Maximum daily temperature/water temperature, ammonia‐nitrogen concentration, peak discharge and discharge contributed the most to the variations in coherence and phase relationships between discharge and larval densities over the short timescale (<32 days) and accounted for 22.4% of coherence variation, 19.7% of in‐phase degrees and 15% of variation in phase lagging. These suggest that a combination of ecological regulation and water environment control would be efficient to promote the recruitment of grass carp and relevant freshwater fish species.
Reactivity of Terminal Iron Borylenes and Bis(borylenes) with Carbodiimides: Cycloaddition, Metathesis, Insertion and C−H Activation Pathways
Authors: Matler Alexander , Arrowsmith Merle , Schorr Fabian , Hermann Alexander , Hofmann Alexander , Lenczyk Carsten , Braunschweig Holger
Published: September 2021

The reactions of carbodiimides with the iron arylborylene complex [Fe=BDur(CO)3(PMe3)] (Dur=2,3,5,6‐Me4C6H) and the iron bis(borylene) complex [Fe{=BDur}{=BN(SiMe3)2}(CO)3] yield a wide variety of temperature‐dependent products, including known FeBNC and novel FeBNB metallacycles, complexes of N‐heterocyclic boracarbene and spiro‐boracarbene ligands and a unique 1,3,2,4‐diazadiborolyl pianostool complex, characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The product distributions can be rationalized by considering sequences of cycloaddition, metathesis, insertion, and C−H activation pathways mainly governed by sterics.
Characterization of Zr‐Doped Ceria and Sr‐Doped La−Mn Perovskites as Redox Intermediates for Solar Chemical‐Looping Reforming of Methane
Authors: Hill Caroline M. , Hernaiz Enrique A. , Furler Philipp , Ackermann Simon , Scheffe Jonathan R.
Published: September 2021

Zr‐doped ceria and Sr‐doped lanthanum manganese perovskites are investigated as candidate redox materials for the chemical‐looping reforming of methane to produce syngas. Herein, the effect that these compositions have on syngas selectivity, partial oxidation of methane (POM) rate, and yield in the temperature range of 800−1000 °C is probed. POM reaction rates increase when using 10% Zr‐doped ceria (CZO10) compared with pure ceria at all conditions, but the yields are generally less except at 800 °C. In the case of (La0.65Sr0.35)0.95MnO3 (LSM35), POM yields are equal to or greater than ceria under all conditions investigated. For all materials, selectivity to syngas during POM is relatively high and typically above 85%. However, selectivity of CZO10 and LSM35 is lower than ceria, likely because of their lower reduction enthalpies and more accessible surface oxygen. This is validated by demonstrating improvements in POM selectivity by suppressing the oxidation extent; in this case, there is no observable H2O or CO2 formation. POM rates increase and activation energy (Ea) decreases for all materials following oxidation with O2 versus CO2. Ceria and CZO10 Ea decrease from about 225 to <50 kJ mol−1 and LSM35 from 150 to 100 kJ mol−1.
The role of bathymetry and directional wave conditions on observed crescentic bar dynamics
Authors: de Swart Rinse L. , Ribas Francesca , Simarro Gonzalo , Guillén Jorge , Calvete Daniel
Published: September 2021

Nearshore sandbars are important features in the surf zone of many beaches because they strongly influence the mean circulation and evolving morphology. Due to variations in wave conditions, sandbars can experience cross‐shore migration and vary in shape from alongshore uniform (shore‐parallel) to alongshore rhythmic (crescentic). Sandbar dynamics have been studied extensively, but existing observational studies usually do not quantify the processes leading to crescentic bar formation and straightening. This study analyses the dynamics of crescentic bar events at the fetch‐limited beach of Castelldefels (northwestern Mediterranean Sea, Spain) using 7.5 years of hourly time‐exposure video images and detailed wave conditions. The results show that, despite the generally calm wave conditions, the sandbars were very dynamic in the cross‐shore and longshore directions. They often migrated rapidly offshore during storms (up to 70 m in one day) and more slowly onshore during post‐storm conditions. Crescentic bars were often present at the study site (48% of the time), but only when the sandbar was at least 10 m from the shoreline. They displayed a large variability in wavelengths (100–700 m), alongshore migration speeds (0–50 m/day) and cross‐shore amplitudes (5–20 m). Wavelengths increased for larger bar–shoreline distances and the alongshore migration speeds were strongly correlated with the alongshore component of the radiation stresses. Crescentic patterns typically developed during low–medium energetic waves with limited obliquity (
° at 10 m depth), while bar straightening occurred during medium–high energetic waves with strong oblique angles of incidence (
°). Overall, this study provides further proof for the important role of wave direction in crescentic bar dynamics and highlights the strong dependence of crescentic bar development on the initial bathymetric configuration.
Strategies and interventions for improving safety culture in Australian Emergency Departments: A modified Delphi study
Authors: Alshyyab Muhammad Ahmed , FitzGerald Gerard , Albsoul Rania Ali , Ting Joseph , Kinnear Frances B. , Borkoles Erika
Published: September 2021

Background

Patient safety and safety culture are critical for quality healthcare delivery in general and in Emergency Departments (EDs) in particular. The aim of this study is to identify strategies that may contribute to the improvement and maintenance of patient safety culture and which are considered most feasible in the ED environment.

Methods

A two‐step modified Delphi method with 11 experts' panel was performed to establish consensus. A list of potential expert participants with a background in patient safety culture in EDs was compiled through the professional networks of the supervisory team. Snowball sampling was used to identify additional possible participants. The expert panel included key leaders in the emergency medicine community in Queensland, Australia: patient safety experts and researchers, patient safety directors, and healthcare providers in an Australian ED The study ran from September 2018 to December 2018. The tool used in Round 1 in this study was developed through triangulating the outcomes of a review of literature, results from a survey of ED staff and findings from semi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders in ED. The results from Round 1 informed the development of the Round 2 tool. The responses from the Delphi Round 1 tool were analysed as both qualitative data and quantitative data. The responses from the Delphi Round 2 tool were treated as quantitative data and analysed with the SPSS software. Consensus was calculated based on more than 80% agreement in collapsed categories 1 and 2 (or 4 and 5) of the five‐point Likert scale.

Results

Only six strategies out of 17 (35%) achieved consensus for both importance and feasibility. These strategies may therefore be considered the most important and feasible key strategies for improving safety culture in EDs. Seven strategies (41.1%) achieved consensus for importance, but not for feasibility and four strategies (23.55%) did not achieve consensus for either importance or feasibility.

Conclusions

This study offers practical solutions for safety culture improvement in the ED context. Six key strategies were seen as both important and feasible and these grouped into three main themes; leadership through agenda setting, operational management approaches to reinforce the agenda and commitment, and systems and structures to reinforce the agenda and monitor progress.
Estimation of sub‐annual inter‐catchment groundwater flow using short‐term water balance method
Authors: Egusa Tomohiro , Oda Tomoki , Sato Takanori , Kumagai Tomo'omi
Published: September 2021

Predicting inter‐catchment groundwater flow (IGF) is essential because IGF greatly affects stream water discharge and water chemistry. However, methods for estimating sub‐annual IGF and clarifying its mechanisms using minimal data are limited. Thus, we quantified the sub‐annual IGF and elucidated its driving factors using the short‐term water balance method (STWB) for three forest headwater catchments in Japan (named here catchment A, B and As). Our previous study using the chloride mass balance indicated that annual IGF of catchment A (49.0 ha) can be negligible. Therefore, we calculated the daily evapotranspiration (ET) rate using the Priestley–Taylor expression and the 5‐year water balance in catchment A (2010–2014). The sub‐annual IGF of the three catchments was then calculated by subtracting the ET rate from the difference between rainfall and stream discharge during the sub‐annual water balance periods selected using the STWB. The IGF rates of catchment B (7.0 ha), which is adjacent to catchment A, were positive in most cases, indicating that more groundwater flowed out of the catchment than into it, and exhibited positive linear relationships with rainfall and stream discharge. This suggested that as the catchments became wetter, more groundwater flowed out of catchment B. Conversely, the IGF rates of catchment As (5.3 ha), included in catchment A, were negative in most cases, indicating that more groundwater flowed into the catchment than out from it, and exhibited negative linear relationships with rainfall and stream discharge. Given the topography of the catchments studied, infiltration into the bedrock was the probable reason for the IGF outflow from catchment B. We hypothesized that in catchment As, the discrepancy between the actual hydrological boundary and the surface topographic boundary could have caused an IGF inflow. This study provides a useful tool for determining an IGF model structure to be incorporated into rainfall‐runoff models.
Sexual health in parous women with a history of polycystic ovary syndrome: A national cross‐sectional study in Denmark
Authors: Nohr Ellen A. , Hansen Anne‐Sofie Bang , Andersen Marianne Skovsager , Hjorth Sarah
Published: September 2021

Objective

To examine associations between polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and sexual health in midlife.

Methods

We included 31 645 mothers from the Danish National Birth Cohort who participated in a Maternal Follow up in 2013–14. A lifetime PCOS diagnosis was self‐reported. Sexual health was assessed by specific sexual problems including reduced sexual desire, insufficient lubrication, difficulty in obtaining orgasm, vaginismus and pain during intercourse within the past year. We also generated a combined outcome which was positive if the women reported one or more sexual problems. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for sexual problems with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

Participants were on average 44 years old, and 920 women (2.9%) had ever had PCOS. One or more sexual problems were more often reported in women with PCOS compared with other women (42.6% versus 36.3%, aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13–1.48). Especially reduced sexual desire (25.6% versus 21.0%, aOR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10–1.50) and dyspareunia (11.4% versus 8.7%, aOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.09–1.66) were more frequent in women with PCOS. These associations were slightly weakened when further adjusting for mental and somatic health problems.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that PCOS is linked to long‐term impaired sexual health, especially reduced sexual desire and dyspareunia.
Automated assessment for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis from MRI images: Meta‐heuristic assisted deep learning model
Authors: Babu G. Stalin , Rao S. N. Tirumala , Rao R. Rajeswara
Published: September 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disease that causes 60–80% of all dementias and has a large economic impact in developed countries. For early‐stage AD detection, volumetric measures of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have proven to be a benchmark method. To detect potential cases, existing methods combine health records, neuropsychological testing, and MRI, although learning implementation is inconsistently used and has low sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, numerous classification approaches for diagnosing AD have been suggested with differing complexity. Thus, we have introduced our novel AD diagnosis model with two main phases such as proposed feature extraction and classification. In the first phase, the gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), Haralick features as well as proposed geometric Haralick features known as geometric correlation and variance are extracted. In the second phase, an optimized deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is utilized for classification. To make the prediction more accurate, the weight and the activation function of DCNN are optimally chosen by a new hybrid model termed as Combined Gray Wolf and Dragon Updating (CG‐DU). At last, the superiority of the adopted scheme is validated in terms of performance analysis, convergence analysis, box plot analysis, and computation time analysis. Especially, the proposed model achieves a mean accuracy of 0.98795, sensitivity of 0.98671, and specificity of 0.99429. Moreover, the computation time of the CG‐DU model is 2.92%, and 0.14% superior to existing GWO and DA methods respectively.
The redox signal: A physiological perspective
Authors: Margaritelis Nikos V. , Chatzinikolaou Panagiotis N. , Chatzinikolaou Alexandros N. , Paschalis Vassilis , Theodorou Anastasios A. , Vrabas Ioannis S. , Kyparos Antonios , Nikolaidis Michalis G.
Published: September 2021

A signal in biology is any kind of coded message sent from one place in an organism to another place. Biology is rich in claims that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species transmit signals. Therefore, we define a “redox signal as an increase/decrease in the level of reactive species”. First, as in most biology disciplines, to analyze a redox signal you need first to deconstruct it. The essential components that constitute a redox signal and should be characterized are: (i) the reactivity of the specific reactive species, (ii) the magnitude of change, (iii) the temporal pattern of change, and (iv) the antioxidant condition. Second, to be able to translate the physiological fate of a redox signal you need to apply novel and bioplausible methodological strategies. Important considerations that should be taken into account when designing an experiment is to (i) assure that redox and physiological measurements are at the same or similar level of biological organization and (ii) focus on molecules that are at the highest level of the redox hierarchy. Third, to reconstruct the redox signal and make sense of the chaotic nature of redox processes, it is essential to apply mathematical and computational modeling. The aim of the present study was to collectively present, for the first time, those elements that essentially affect the redox signal as well as to emphasize that the deconstructing, decoding and reconstructing of a redox signal should be acknowledged as central to design better studies and to advance our understanding on its physiological effects.
Distinguishing colorectal adenoma from hyperplastic polyp by WNT2 expression
Authors: Wang Bangting , Wang Xin , Tseng Yujen , Huang Meina , Luo Feifei , Zhang Jun , Liu Jie
Published: September 2021

Background

Colorectal adenoma (CRA) is a classical premalignant lesion, with high incidence and mainly coexisting with hyperplastic polyp (HPP). Hence, this study aimed to distinguish CRA from HPP by molecular expression profiling and advance the prevention of CRA and its malignance.

Methods

CRA and paired HPP biopsies were collected by endoscopy. Through RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq), the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. Functional enrichment analysis was performed based on the DEGs. The STRING database and Cytoscape were used to construct the protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network and perform module analysis. Hub genes were validated by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. The ROC curve was drawn to establish the specificity of the hub genes.

Results

485 significant DEGs were identified including 133 up‐regulated and 352 down‐regulated. The top 10 up‐regulated genes were DLX5, MMP10, TAC1, ACAN, TAS2R38, WNT2, PHYHIPL, DKK4, DUSP27, and ABCA12. The top 10 down‐regulated genes were SFRP2, CHRDL1, KBTBD12, RERGL, DPP10, CLCA4, GREM2, TMIGD1, FEV, and OTOP3. Wnt signaling pathway and extracellular matrix (ECM) were up‐regulated in CRA. Three hub genes including WNT2, WNT5A, and SFRP1 were filtered out via Cytoscape. Further RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed that WNT2 was highly expressed in CRA. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) at 0.98 indicated the expression level of WNT2 as a candidate to differ CRA from HPP.

Conclusion

Our study suggests Wnt signaling pathway and ECM are enriched in CRA, and WNT2 may be used as a novel biomarker for distinguishing CRA from HPP and preventing the malignance of CRA.
Employee performance and abusive supervision: The role of supervisor over‐attributions
Authors: Lyubykh Zhanna , Bozeman Jennifer , Hershcovis M. Sandy , Turner Nick , Shan J. Valerie
Published: September 2021

To understand the relationship between employee performance and abusive reactions from supervisors, we examine the role of supervisors' attributions about employees' performance. Drawing on the fundamental attribution error, we argue that supervisors over‐attribute lower levels of performance to employees' internal factors (i.e., conscientiousness), which then triggers higher levels of abusive supervision. In Study 1, we collected data from 189 supervisor–employee dyads. The results indicated that lower levels of supervisor‐rated employee performance related to supervisor biased attributions to employee conscientiousness, which in turn resulted in employee‐rated abusive supervision. In Study 2, we combined a recall task with a vignette design to replicate and extend our findings. We demonstrated that after adjusting for the baseline level of employee conscientiousness, supervisors over‐attributed poor performance to employee conscientiousness and then engaged in higher levels of abusive behaviors. Further, consistent with premises of fundamental attribution error, we found that in the absence of information about who was at fault for poor performance, supervisors over‐attributed poor performance to internal factors (employee) as compared to external factors (software malfunction). Taken together, our findings demonstrate that biased attributions about employee conscientiousness help explain the relationship between employee performance and abusive supervision.
The impact of trade policy on soybean futures in China
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Yan Bo
Published: September 2021

The impact of trade policy on foreign trade is becoming increasingly prominent. This paper chooses the Chinese soybean futures market to study the impact of Sino–US trade friction. The results show that the asymmetric effect and volatility of the Chinese soybean futures market become larger after the beginning of Sino–US trade friction. In addition, the relationship among Chinese soybean futures, Chinese soybean meal futures, and Chinese soybean oil futures is strengthened. However, the relationship between Chinese soybean meal futures and American soybean meal futures and between Chinese soybean oil futures and American soybean oil futures has weakened since Sino–US trade friction started.
Does institutional distance affect the risk preference of enterprises' OFDI: Evidence from China
Authors: Peng Cheng , Jiang Hui , Song Hongti , Zhang Tianyi
Published: September 2021

The paper made an empirical analysis on how institutional distance affects the risk preference of enterprises' OFDI by using the sample of A‐share listed companies in China from 2014 to 2018 and further explored how institutional distance affected enterprises' preference for low‐risk investment in OFDI in “the belt and road” and other countries through fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. The paper shows that the institutional distance is negatively correlated with the risk preference of enterprises' OFDI. Six factors, such as voice and accountability, political stability, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption, form diversified configuration forms and influence paths that affect the risk preference of Chinese enterprises' OFDI. The specific performance is that “high voice and accountability, low government efficiency and low corruption control” will drive enterprises' low‐risk investment preference in “the belt and road” countries; And “low government efficiency, low regulatory quality and high legal level” will drive enterprises' low‐risk investment preference in other countries.
Impacts of temperature and humidity changes on air‐conditioning design load under the climate change conditions in different climate zones of China
Authors: Cao Jingfu , Li Mingcai , Wang Min , Li Bojia
Published: September 2021

Meteorological parameters, as the important basis for improving building energy efficiency, will show apparent changes under climate change conditions. In this study, outdoor design temperature and humidity for air‐conditioning system in 12 cities, representing major climatic zones of China, were analysed to determine the impacts of temperature and humidity on the design load of air‐conditioning system. The results showed that outdoor design temperature largely increased during the last few decades and relative humidity apparently decreased except for two cities belonging to the severe cold and hot summer and cold winter climate zones. The increase in temperature and decrease in humidity have made obvious changes in the design load of air‐conditioning system. The design loads for cooling increased 1.8%–10% in these selected cities during 1991–2017 compared with 1961–1990. By contrast, the design loads for dehumidification decreased 0.8%–7% in 1991–2017 relative to 1961–1990. When the cooling and dehumidification were considered together, the design loads changed from −1.5% to 4.1% in the two periods, depending on cities or climate zones. These results demonstrated that, under the condition of climate change, the combined changes of humidity and temperature rather than temperature alone should be fully considered to determine the design capacity of air‐conditioning system, especially for temperature and humidity independent control (THIC) air‐conditioning system, to save energy and improve indoor comfort.
A planar Marchand balun for wideband performance
Authors: Li Jichen , Liu Kaiyu , Li Tianlong
Published: September 2021

A planar Marchand balun for wideband performance is presented. The two sections of quarter‐wavelength parallel‐coupled lines are etched in the bottom ground layer for a higher coupling coefficient. In the top metal layer, the additional compensation‐transmission‐line Trace is designed between the two balanced ports to decrease the imbalances. Two different frequency band circuits Balun A&B have been simulated and fabricated to verify the design method of this letter. The results of simulation and measurement show that the balun structure can achieve high amplitude and phase stability over a wide frequency band (the Balun A is from 1.5 to 4.8 GHz, with the relative bandwidth of 104.7% and the Balun B is from 2.3 to 7.3 GHz, with the relative bandwidth of 104.1%.