bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Ester of Hydroxytyrosol and α‐Lipoic Acid Exhibiting an Antiproliferative Effect on Human Colon Cancer HT‐29 Cells.
Authors: Bernini Roberta , Crisante Fernanda , Merendino Nicolo , Molinari Romina , Soldatelli Maria Chiara , Velotti Francesca
Published: April 2011

Compound (I) induces a considerably strong block of the tumor cell cycle in the G2/M phase.
ChemInform Abstract: Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Fungi. Part 48. Viburspiran, an Antifungal Member of the Octadride Class of Maleic Anhydride Natural Products.
Authors: Krohn Karsten , et al. et al.
Published: April 2011

isolation and structure elucidation of (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Analogues of Daidzein, Having More Potent Osteoblast Stimulating Effect.
Authors: Yadav Dinesh K. , Gautam Abnish K. , Kureel Jyoti , Srivastava Kamini , Sahai Mahendra , Singh Divya , Chattopadhyay Naibedya , Maurya Rakesh
Published: April 2011

The structure of daidzein is modified to achieve an improved osteogenic effect and to eliminate uterine estrogenicity.
ChemInform Abstract: New Hedgehog/GLI Signalling Inhibitors from Excoecaria agallocha.
Authors: Rifai Yusnita , Arai Midori A. , Sadhu Samir K. , Ahmed Firoj , Ishibashi Masami
Published: April 2011

Two new compounds (I) and (II) and six known flavonoid glycosides are isolated from the methanolic extract of the leaves of E.
ChemInform Abstract: ABX3‐type Oxides and Halides: Their Structure and Physical Properties
Authors: Verma A. S. , Jindal V. K.
Published: April 2011

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Perovskite‐Type Oxides: Synthesis and Application in Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Junjiang , Chen Jinfa
Published: April 2011

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Fabrication and Catalytic Applications of Specifically Morphological and Porous Perovskite‐Type Oxides
Authors: Deng Jiguang , Zhang Lei , Liu Yuxi , Dai Hongxing
Published: April 2011

Review: 284 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Based Catalysts for the Water—Gas Shift Reaction: Active Sites and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Rodriguez Jose A.
Published: April 2011

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Inorganic Syntheses
Authors: Zhao Jingping , Yan Wenfu
Published: April 2011

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Surprises “Down Below”: Recent Successes in the Synthesis of Actinide Materials
Authors: Sarrao J. L. , Haga Y. , Ward R. C. C.
Published: April 2011

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Actinide Solid‐State and Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Burns Peter C. , Ikeda Yasuhisa , Czerwinski Ken
Published: April 2011

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Interactions Between Nanoparticles
Authors: Moerup Steen , Hansen Mikkel Fougt , Frandsen Cathrine
Published: April 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Chemistry
Authors: Hemming Karl
Published: April 2011

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon—Heteroatom Bond Formation by Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reactions
Authors: Fleming Matthew J. , Lautens Mark
Published: April 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused Five‐Membered Aromatic Heterocycles
Authors: Dudnik Alexander S. , Gevorgyan Vladimir
Published: April 2011

Review: 312 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles
Authors: Lu Yingdong , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: April 2011

Review: 192 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Marine Polycyclic Polyethers via endo‐Selective Epoxide Opening Cascades
Authors: Vilotijevic Ivan , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: April 2011

Review: 159 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Inherently Chiral Calixarenes: Synthesis, Optical Resolution, Chiral Recognition and Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Li Shao‐Yong , Xu Yao‐Wei , Liu Yao‐Wei , Su Cheng‐Yong
Published: April 2011

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 2‐Aminoanthraquinones
Authors: Gouda Moustafa Ahmed , Berghot Moged Ahmed , Shoeib Alaa , Elattar Khaled M. , Khalil Abd El‐Galil Mohamed
Published: April 2011

Review: 242 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalysts in the Synthesis of Local Anesthetics
Authors: Klyuev M. V. , Abdullaev M. G. , Abdullaeva Z. Sh.
Published: April 2011

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Bowls, Baskets, Balls, and Tubes: Challenging Targets for Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Scott Lawrence T.
Published: April 2011

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction Mechanisms. Part 1. Radical and Radical Ion Reactions
Authors: Tanko J. M.
Published: April 2011

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Addition of Oxygen Nucleophiles to C—C Multiple Bonds
Authors: Widenhoefer Ross A. , Song Feijie
Published: April 2011

Review: 157 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactive Organometallics from Organotellurides: Application in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Princival Jefferson L. , Dos Santos Alcindo A. , Comasseto Joao V.
Published: April 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis as a Tool for the Discovery of Novel Biologically Active Small Molecules
Authors: Galloway Warren R. J. D. , Isidro‐Llobet Albert , Spring David R.
Published: April 2011

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroatom Methods
Authors: Knowles Jonathan P. , Whiting Andrew
Published: April 2011

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioinspired Organic Chemistry
Authors: Milanesi Lilia , Tomas Salvador
Published: April 2011

Review: 114 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods. Part 2. Oxidation and Reduction Methods
Authors: Lewis Simon E.
Published: April 2011

Review: 283 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Lee Ai‐Lan
Published: April 2011

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis with Mini Flow Reactors Using Immobilized Catalysts
Authors: Ceylan Sascha , Kirschning Andreas
Published: April 2011

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Giant Linear Plasmids in Streptomyces: A Treasure Trove of Antibiotic Biosynthetic Clusters
Authors: Kinashi Haruyasu
Published: April 2011

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidative Coupling Reactions for the Formation of Carbon—Carbon Bonds Without Carbon—Metal Intermediates
Authors: Klussmann Martin , Sureshkumar Devarajulu
Published: April 2011

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of Carbon Nanotubes and Synthesis of Polymeric Composites Involving the Nanotubes
Authors: Badamshina E. R. , Gafurova M. P. , Estrin Ya. I.
Published: April 2011

Review: 347 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Chemistry of Artemisinin
Authors: Denisov E. T. , Solodova S. L. , Denisova T. G.
Published: April 2011

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Natural Products: Synthetic Aspects
Authors: Morris Jonathan C. , Phillips Andrew J.
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hutchinson′s Legacy: Keeping on Polyketide Biosynthesis
Authors: Olano Carlos
Published: April 2011

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting the Versatility and Selectivity of Mo Enzymes with Electrochemistry
Authors: Bernhardt Paul V.
Published: April 2011

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Production and Role of Volatile Halogenated Compounds from Marine Algae
Authors: Paul Carsten , Pohnert Georg
Published: April 2011

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Marine Natural Products
Authors: Blunt John W. , Copp Brent R. , Munro Murray H. G. , Northcote Peter T. , Prinsep Michele R.
Published: April 2011

Review: 857 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sea of Biosynthesis: Marine Natural Products Meet the Molecular Age
Authors: Lane Amy L. , Moore Bradley S.
Published: April 2011

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Macrocyclic and Polycyclic Norcembranoid Diterpenes from Sinularia Species of Soft Coral: Structural Relationships and Biosynthetic Speculations
Authors: Li Yi , Pattenden Gerald
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Facing the Challenge of Biosample Imaging by FTIR with a Synchrotron Radiation Source
Authors: Petibois Cyril , Piccinini Massimo , Guidi Mariangela Cestelli , Marcelli Augusto
Published: April 2011

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Wastewater Treatment by Membrane Bioreactors
Authors: Leiknes TorOve
Published: April 2011

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Phase Partitioning Bioreactors in Environmental Biotechnology
Authors: Quijano Guillermo , Hernandez Maria , Thalasso Frederic , Munoz Raul , Villaverde Santiago
Published: April 2011

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Brief Review of Other Notable Protein Blotting Methods
Authors: Kurien Biji T. , Scofield R. Hal
Published: April 2011

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Using Small Angle Scattering (SAS) to Structurally Characterize Peptide and Protein Self‐Assembled Materials
Authors: Guilbaud Jean‐Baptiste , Saiani Alberto
Published: April 2011

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Epitome to the Catalyst Development
Authors: Dave Pragnesh N. , Malpani Puneet R. , Pande Saumya K.
Published: April 2011

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Q2MM to Stereoselective Reactions
Authors: Lill Sten O. Nilsson , Forbes Aaron , Donoghue Patrick , Verdolino Vincenzo , Wiest Olaf , Rydberg Patrik , Norrby Per‐Ola
Published: April 2011

Review: 82 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tumor Permeability of Nanocarriers Observed by Dynamic Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Kawano Kumi , Maitani Yoshie
Published: April 2011

Review: 16 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Methods and Techniques: NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Edgar Mark
Published: April 2011

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Chemistry and Crystal Engineering
Authors: Nangia Ashwini
Published: April 2011

Review: 83 refs.
Asymmetric anionic polymerization of 2,7‐bis(4‐t‐butylphenyl)fluoren‐9‐ylmethyl methacrylate and photoinduced structural transition of the obtained polymer
Authors: Watanabe Kento , Sakamoto Takeshi , Nakano Tamaki
Published: April 2011

2,7‐Bis(4‐t‐butylphenyl)fluoren‐9‐ylmethyl methacrylate (BBPFMMA) was synthesized as a new candidate of a bulky monomer suitable for asymmetric anionic polymerization (IUPAC nomenclature: asymmetric helix‐chirogenic polymerization) leading to a preferred‐handed helical, optically active polymer. The new monomer was polymerized using the complex of 9‐fluorenyllithium and (S)‐(+)‐1‐(2‐pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine in toluene at −78°C. As opposed to the original intention to obtain a polymethacrylate, the monomer seemed to undergo structural transition (decomposition) giving 2,7‐bis(4‐t‐butylphenyl)dibenzofulvene and the obtained polymer was most probably a terpolymer of BBPFMMA, 2,7‐bis(4‐t‐butylphenyl)dibenzofulvene, and methacrylic acid. The obtained polymer showed circular dichroism (CD) spectra, indicating that chirality had been introduced to the copolymer chain during the course of polymerization. On photo irradiation, the polymer underwent a structural transition involving a remarkable decrease in apparent molecular weight measured by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and changes in FT‐IR spectral patterns. However, the CD spectrum of the polymer was not obviously altered by irradiation, indicating that polymer chirality is not affected by light. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of complementary medicine use in a phase 1 clinical trials program
Authors: Naing Aung , Stephen Saneese K. , Frenkel Moshe , Chandhasin Chandtip , Hong David S. , Lei Xiudong , Falchook Gerald , Wheler Jennifer J. , Fu Siqing , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

A key end point of early cancer clinical trials is the assessment of toxicities and their possible association with new experimental drugs. Therefore, the concurrent use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in patients with advanced malignancies seen in a dedicated phase 1 clinic was evaluated.

METHODS:

An investigator‐designed survey was anonymously completed by patients seen in the phase 1 clinic. Pharmacologic CAM included any oral, topical, or intravenous agent, including vitamins, dietary supplements, and herbal products. Nonpharmacologic CAM included prayer, meditation, hypnosis, massage, and acupuncture.

RESULTS:

Of the 404 patients approached about completing the CAM survey, 394 (98%) agreed to respond, and 309 (78%) surveys were returned. Of those 309 patients, 162 (52%) used 1 or more CAM. Of the 162 CAM users, 77% utilized pharmacologic CAM, 71% used nonpharmacologic CAM, and 48% used both modalities. The most frequent CAM used were vitamins (70%), prayer (57%), and herbal products (26%). CAM utilization was not significantly associated with race, age, level of education, employment, or income level but was used more by women than men (P < .01). There was no statistically significant association between the use of CAM and quality of life as perceived by patients. Of the CAM users, 43% of patients had been using CAM for >5 years. Only 5% reported having side effects from using CAM, whereas 23% did not fully disclose their CAM use to their physicians.

CONCLUSIONS:

CAM usage is common in patients with advanced malignancies seen in a phase 1 clinic. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Clinical course of adult patients with ependymoma
Authors: Armstrong Terri S. , Vera‐Bolanos Elizabeth , Gilbert Mark R.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND:

Ependymomas are a rare tumor in adults, and there are limited reports of the clinical course, treatment, and current health status of patients.

METHODS:

Patients with ependymoma completed an online survey regarding their diagnosis, treatment course, and current health status. Descriptive statistics were used to report the characteristics and degree of symptom severity. Correlations between demographic and clinical characteristics were explored with univariate analysis.

RESULTS:

One hundred eighteen adults participated, and there were more women (n = 68) than men (n = 50). The median age was 48 years (range, 22‐77 years). Fifty‐nine participants (48%) reported that they had not been able to work since their diagnosis, and 31% reported receiving disability benefits. Patients who had been treated for spine tumors had symptoms longer than those who had been treated for brain lesions (chi‐square statistic, 7.294; P = .026), and the majority had 3 symptoms before diagnosis. Most patients reported undergoing complete resection (brain lesions, 62%; spine tumors, 58%), and patients with spine tumors were less likely to have received additional treatment (chi‐square statistic, 9.687; P = .008). The majority had not had a recurrence and reported consulting a neurosurgeon for surveillance. Despite having stable disease and not receiving active treatment, most patients described moderate to severe symptoms, including fatigue (44%), numbness/tingling (39%), pain (36%), and disturbed sleep (34%) overall. Brain lesions were associated with altered vision (25%), difficulty concentrating (25%), weakness (19%), irritability (19%), difficulty speaking (19%), and understanding (17%); and spine lesions were associated with extremity weakness (55%), sexual dysfunction (48%), radiating pain (37%), and change in bowel pattern (35%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Treatment for adult patients with ependymoma is not standardized. Despite the low recurrence rate, patients reported significant symptoms and disability. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Scalable multicore architectures for long DNA sequence comparison
Authors: Sánchez Friman , Cabarcas Felipe , Ramirez Alex , Valero Mateo
Published: April 2011

Biological sequence comparison is one of the most important tasks in Bioinformatics. Owing to the fast growth of databases that contain biological information, sequence comparison represents an important challenge for high‐performance computing, especially when very long sequences are compared, i.e. the complete genome of several organisms. The Smith–Waterman (SW) algorithm is an exact method based on dynamic programming to quantify local similarity between sequences. The inherent large parallelism of the algorithm makes it ideal for architectures supporting multiple dimensions of parallelism (TLP, DLP and ILP). Concurrently, there is a paradigm shift towards chip multiprocessors in computer architecture, which offer a huge amount of potential performance that can only be exploited efficiently if applications are effectively mapped and parallelized. In this work, we analyze how large‐scale biology sequence comparison takes advantage of the current and future multicore architectures. Our starting point is the performance analysis of the current multicore IBM Cell B.E. processor; we analyze two different SW implementations on the Cell B.E. Then, using simulation tools, we study the performance scalability when a many‐core architecture is used for performing long DNA sequence comparison. We investigate the efficient memory organization that delivers the maximum bandwidth with the minimum cost. Our results show that a heterogeneous architecture can be an efficient alternative to execute challenging bioinformatic workloads. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probing the Functionalization of Gold Surfaces and Protein Adsorption by PM‐IRRAS
Authors: Marques de Oliveira Rodrigo , Ferreira Jacqueline , Santos Marcos J. L. , Faria Roberto M. , Oliveira Osvaldo N.
Published: April 2011

The control of morphology and coating of metal surfaces is essential for a number of organic electronic devices including photovoltaic cells and sensors. In this study, we monitor the functionalization of gold surfaces with 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA, HS(CH2)10CO2H) and cysteamine, aiming at passivating the surfaces for application in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors. Using polarization‐modulated infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy (PM‐IRRAS), cyclic voltammetry, atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance, we observed a time‐dependent organization process of the adsorbed MUA monolayer with alkyl chains perpendicular to the gold surface. Such optimized condition for surface passivation was obtained with a systematic search for experimental parameters leading to the lowest electrochemical signal of the functionalized gold electrode. The ability to build supramolecular architectures was also confirmed by detecting with PM‐IRRAS the adsorption of streptavidin on the MUA‐functionalized gold. As the approaches used for surface functionalization and its verification with PM‐IRRAS are generic, one may now envisage monitoring the fabrication of tailored electrodes for a variety of applications.
A cyclodissipativity characterization of power factor compensation of nonlinear loads under nonsinusoidal conditions
Authors: del Puerto‐Flores D. , Ortega R. , Scherpen J. M. A.
Published: April 2011

Recently, it has been established that power factor (PF) improvement for nonlinear loads with nonsinusoidal source voltage is equivalent to imposing the property of cyclodissipativity to the source terminals. Using this framework, the classical capacitor and inductor compensators were interpreted in terms of energy equalization. The purpose of this brief note is to extend this approach in three directions. In the result reported in the literature, the supply rate is a function of the load, which is usually unknown, stymieing the applicability of the technique for compensator synthesis. Our first contribution is a new cyclodissipativity condition, which is also equivalent to PF improvement, but whose supply rate is now function of the compensator. Second, we consider general lossless linear compensators, instead of only capacitive or inductive compensators. As a result, we show that the PF is improved if and only if a certain equalization condition between the weighted powers of inductors and capacitors of the load is ensured. Finally, we exhibit the gap between the ideal compensator, namely the one that achieves unitary PF, and the aforementioned equalization condition. This result naturally leads to the formulation of a problem of optimization of the parameters of the compensator. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An optimized QoS scheme for IMS‐NEMO in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Liao Jianxin , Qi Qi , Li Tonghong , Cao Yufei , Zhu Xiaomin , Wang Jingyu
Published: April 2011

The network mobility (NEMO) is proposed to support the mobility management when users move as a whole. In IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), the individual Quality of Service (QoS) control for NEMO results in excessive signaling cost. On the other hand, current QoS schemes have two drawbacks: unawareness of the heterogeneous wireless environment and inefficient utilization of the reserved bandwidth. To solve these problems, we present a novel heterogeneous bandwidth sharing (HBS) scheme for QoS provision under IMS‐based NEMO (IMS‐NEMO). The HBS scheme selects the most suitable access network for each session and enables the new coming non‐real‐time sessions to share bandwidth with the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) coded media flows. The modeling and simulation results demonstrate that the HBS can satisfy users' QoS requirement and obtain a more efficient use of the scarce wireless bandwidth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The usefulness of S100P, mesothelin, fascin, prostate stem cell antigen, and 14‐3‐3 sigma in diagnosing pancreatic adenocarcinoma in cytological specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Dim Daniel C. , Jiang Feng , Qiu Qi , Li Ting , Darwin Peter , Rodgers William H. , Peng Hong Qi
Published: April 2011

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) of the pancreas is an efficient and minimally invasive procedure for the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Because of some limitations of EUS‐FNA in diagnosis of well‐differentiated or early stage cancers, the purpose of this study is to assess the added benefit of immunohistochemistry. We studied five proteins overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, namely, prostate stem cell antigen, fascin, 14‐3‐3 sigma, mesothelin and S100P utilizing immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections from cellblocks obtained by EUS‐FNA. Sixty‐two cases of EUS‐FNA of the pancreas that had follow‐up histological and/or clinical diagnosis and sufficient material in cell blocks were included. Using histological diagnosis and/or clinical outcome as the reference standard, EUS‐FNA shows the highest sensitivity (95%) and specificity (91%) and is superior to any marker in this study. Among five antibodies, S100P reveals the best diagnostic characters showing 90% of sensitivity and 67% of specificity. Fascin shows high specificity (92%) but low sensitivity (38%). Mesothelin has a moderate sensitivity (74%) and low specificity (33%), PSCA and 14‐3‐3 show high sensitivity but zero specificity. S100P and mesothelin were useful in nine indeterminate cases. S100P correctly predicted six of seven cancers and one of one without cancer and mesothelin correctly diagnosed five of seven cancers and one of two noncancers in this group. EUS‐FNA cytomorphology is superior to any of the immunohistochemical markers used in this study. Use of S100P and mesothelin in cytologically borderline cases can increase the diagnostic accuracy in this group. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2014;42:193–199. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of orbital meningiomas
Authors: Agrawal Pallavi , Dey Pranab , Saikia Uma Nahar , Gupta Nalini , Radhika Srinivasan , Nijhawan Raje , Rajwanshi Arvind
Published: April 2011

Meningiomas are benign tumors derived from arachnoid cells. Most commonly they arise within the cranial cavity, but they may arise extracranially in various anatomic sites. We present four cases of orbital meningiomas diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and confirmed on histopathology. All the cases are presented with orbital mass. FNAC smears showed classical whorling and syncytial pattern of cells, withround to oval nucleus, inconspicuous nucleoli and one eachcase showed intranuclear inclusion and psammoma bodies. FNAC diagnosis of such lesions is difficult, because cytological features may mimic other soft tissue lesions located in orbital region. Awareness of this entity and its cytological appearance is important to allow correct diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder: Report of a case with diagnosis suggested in urine cytology and review of literature
Authors: Guan Hui , Rosenthal Dorothy L. , Erozan Yener S.
Published: April 2011

Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder is a rare entity characterized by the presence of an admixture of at least two types of mullerian tissue in the muscularis propria of the bladder. We report a case of mullerianosis of the urinary bladder in a 28‐year‐old nulliparous woman with no history of pelvic surgery or endometriosis, and the diagnosis of mullerianosis was suggested initially in urine cytopathology report. In this study, previously reported cases of mullerianosis of urinary bladder are reviewed, and differential diagnosis of endometrial‐like cells in the urine has been discussed. Fewer than 20 cases of mullerianosis of the urinary bladder have been reported in the literature, and only one of these cases had cytological description in a urine specimen. Most of patients were of reproductive age ranging from 28 to 53 years and had no previous history of pelvic surgery or Cesarean section. The clinical presentations frequently were abdominal/pelvic pain and dysuria/hematuria, which may or may not be associated with menstruation. Radiologic study revealed polypoid, mass‐like lesion ranging from 1 to 4.5 cm in size, predominantly involving the dome or posterior wall of the bladder. Histological sections showed two or more of the three related benign mullerian glandular epithelial proliferations—endometriosis, endosalpingiosis, and endocervicosis. Most of the patients have good prognosis with medical management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Follow‐up evaluation of radiation‐induced DNA damage in CSF disseminated high‐grade glioma using phospho‐histone H2AX antibody
Authors: Abe Hideyuki , Kawahara Akihiko , Sugita Yasuo , Yamaguchi Tomohiko , Terasaki Mizuhiko , Kage Masayoshi
Published: April 2011

Cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used not only for the diagnosis of spinal disease, but also to assess the postoperative effect of treatment. We experienced a case of high‐grade glioma in disseminated CSF, and retrospectively examined the clinical, pathological and cytological features. We further investigated radiation‐induced DNA damage in glioma cells using phospho‐Histone H2AX antibody. A five‐year‐old boy received a clinical diagnosis of optic nerve glioma, and was followed‐up for three months after chemotherapy. Magnetic resonance imaging was repeated, revealing abnormalities in other brain areas. The pathological diagnosis was anaplastic astrocytoma. CSF dissemination was detected, and increases in the number and mitosis of tumor cells were observed in CSF cytology. After radiotherapy the tumor cells in CSF decreased markedly. On cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical evaluation post‐irradiation, tumor cells showed vacuolation of both the nucleus and cytoplasm, degeneration of nuclear chromatin, and alteration of the phospho‐Histone H2AX expression, compared with tumor cells before the irradiation. CSF cytology is an effective means of evaluating DNA damage in tumor cells after irradiation, and may be useful in assessing the therapeutic response. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced glycation end products downregulate glucokinase in mice
Authors: Jung Hongsoo , Joo Jindeok , Jeon Yeonsu , Lee Junga , In Janghyeok , Kim Daewoo , Kang Eujin , Kim Yongshin , Lim Yonggul , Kang Jaehyeok , Choi Jinwoo
Published: April 2011

Background

Glucokinase, the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of glucose to G‐6‐P, plays a key role in glucose metabolism. AGEs are implicated in diabetic complications. A previous study reported that AGEs decreased β‐cell function through inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase and adenosine triphosphate synthesis. This study investigated the effects of AGEs on glucokinase and islet function.

Methods

Six‐month‐old male C57BL6 mice were divided into bovine serum albumin (BSA) and AGE‐BSA groups. BSA (200 µg/g) and AGE‐BSA (60 U/g) were administered intraperitoneally twice daily. After 2 weeks, serum AGE levels were measured, oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test were determined. Glucokinase protein expression level and activity were measured in pancreatic islets.

Results

We observed that the normal mice (C57/BL6) treated for 2 weeks with AGE‐BSA showed impaired glucose tolerance and decrease in acute insulin release. Glucokinase activity in islets from the AGE‐BSA‐treated mice was significantly inhibited and accompanied by blunted response of islets to high glucose stimulation. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that glucokinase protein expression was decreased, its activity was inhibited, and islet function was decreased. GKA partially restored glucokinase activity and islet function caused by AGEs.

Conclusions

We concluded that AGEs inhibited glucokinase activity, leading to islet dysfunction in mouse pancreatic islets. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction in insulin sensitivity following administration of the clinically used low‐dose pressor, norepinephrine
Authors: Khoury Nadia , McGill Janet B.
Published: April 2011

Background

Hyperglycaemia in acutely ill patients is well described and correcting this hyperglycaemia improves outcomes. It has been generally attributed to endogenous factors, specifically decreased secretion of insulin or increased secretion of anti‐insulin hormones, and cytokines, or both. Norepinephrine is the most commonly used vasopressor in critically ill patients. When titrated, it has anecdotally been found to cause wide swings in blood glucose levels. We tested the hypothesis that norepinephrine, a plausible exogenous, iatrogenic cause of hyperglycaemia, causes resistance to insulin action with the hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp method.

Methods

Hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic (about 100 mg dL−1) clamps were performed before and during infusion of norepinephrine, in doses of 110 ng kg−1 min−1, which raised mean arterial pressure from 82 ± 7 to 94 ± 8 mmHg (p < 0.01) in 11 healthy adults.

Results

The glucose infusion rate required to maintain euglycaemia during the clamps, a marker of whole‐body insulin sensitivity, decreased from 11.2 ± 3.7 mg kg−1 min−1 at baseline to 9.0 ± 2.6 mg kg−1 min−1 (p = 0.015) during the norepinephrine infusion. Steady‐state insulin and C‐peptide levels did not significantly change. Cortisol levels showed diurnal variation in the beginning and were also different at steady state.

Conclusions

Infusion of pressor doses of norepinephrine causes resistance to insulin action in humans. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of Pax6 in forebrain development
Authors: Georgala Petrina A. , Carr Catherine B. , Price David J.
Published: April 2011

Pax6 encodes a highly conserved transcriptional regulator with two DNA‐binding motifs, a paired domain and a paired‐like homeodomain. Humans carrying PAX6 loss‐of‐function mutations suffer from abnormal development of the eyes (congenital aniridia) and brain. Small eye mice carrying Pax6 loss‐of‐function mutations provide a good model for these human conditions. Their analysis has demonstrated the critical importance of this transcription factor in multiple cell types and at several key stages of forebrain development. In the forebrain, Pax6 is critical for the establishment of the pallial–subpallial boundary, which separates dorsal (future cerebral cortex) and ventral (future striatum) telencephalic regions. Levels of Pax6 expression are critically important for cortical progenitor proliferation and its presence in a rostro‐lateralhigh to caudo‐mediallow gradient in the cortex is necessary to establish rostro‐lateral identities. Furthermore, axon guidance is disrupted in Pax6−/− mutants: the majority of thalamocortical axons fail to enter the ventral telencephalon and those that do are unable to innervate their cortical targets. The extent to which the effects of Pax6 later in development are secondary to its effects in early patterning and proliferation remains largely unknown. This is likely to be clarified by future studies on the molecular mechanisms of action of Pax6 and, in particular, the identification of its downstream target genes. Such studies should also help generate an increasingly coherent understanding of how this pleiotropic transcription factor becomes involved in so many facets of neural development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71:690–709, 2011
Lowfat, a mammalian Lix1 homologue, regulates leg size and growth under the Dachsous/Fat signaling pathway during tissue regeneration†
Authors: Bando Tetsuya , Hamada Yoshimasa , Kurita Kazuki , Nakamura Taro , Mito Taro , Ohuchi Hideyo , Noji Sumihare
Published: April 2011

In the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, missing distal parts of amputated legs are regenerated from blastemas based on positional information. The Dachsous/Fat (Ds/Ft) signaling pathway regulates blastema cell proliferation and positional information along the longitudinal axis during leg regeneration. Herein, we show that the Gryllus homologue of Lowfat (Gb'Lft), which modulates Ds/Ft signaling in Drosophila, is involved in leg regeneration. Gb'lft is expressed in regenerating legs, and RNAi against Gb'lft (Gb'lftRNAi) suppressed blastema cell hyperproliferation caused by Gb'ftRNAi or Gb'dsRNAi but enhanced that caused by Gb'kibraRNAi or Gb'wartsRNAi. In Gb'lftRNAi nymphs, missing parts of amputated legs were regenerated, but the length of the regenerated legs was shortened depending on the position of the amputation. Both normal and reversed intercalary regeneration occurred in Gb'lftRNAi nymphs, suggesting that Gb'Lft is involved in blastema cell proliferation and longitudinal leg regeneration under the Ds/Ft signaling pathway, but it is not required for intercalary regeneration. Developmental Dynamics 240:1440–1453, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ET3/Ednrb2 signaling is critically involved in regulating melanophore migration in Xenopus
Authors: Kawasaki‐Nishihara Akiha , Nishihara Daisuke , Nakamura Harukazu , Yamamoto Hiroaki
Published: April 2011

Melanoblasts are derived from neural crest cells (NCCs) and are the only NCCs that migrate through the dorsolateral pathway. However, how melanoblasts evolved to migrate through a pathway different from other NCCs is still unclear, because little is known about common molecular mechanisms of melanoblast migration that are conserved between species. Endothelin receptor B2 (Ednrb2) is required for avian melanoblasts to enter the dorsolateral pathway. Here, we show that Endothelin‐3 (ET3)/Ednrb2 signaling is also required for melanoblast migration in Xenopus laevis, although they migrate through the ventral pathway. In Xenopus, Ednrb2 is expressed by melanoblasts from pre‐migration stages and ET3 is expressed around their destinations, suggesting that ET3/Ednrb2 signaling may determine melanophore localization. Furthermore, melanoblast migration is interrupted by aberrant ET3/Ednrb2 signaling in vivo and their invasive ability is enhanced by ET3 in vitro. Our results suggest that ET3/Ednrb2 signaling is required for melanoblast migration in Ednrb2 gene‐conserved animals. Developmental Dynamics 240:1454–1466, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Asymmetrically Dibridged Diiron(III) Complexes with Aminebis(phenoxide)‐Based Ligands for a Magnetostructural Study
Authors: Weyhermüller Thomas , Wagner Rita , Chaudhuri Phalguni
Published: April 2011

The ligands [N,N‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzyl)aminoacetic acid] (H3L1), [N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylbenzyl)aminoacetic acid] (H3L2), [N,N‐bis(2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylbenzyl)‐N‐(2‐pyridylmethyl)amine] (H2L3) and [methylamino‐N,N‐bis(6‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methyl‐2‐methylenephenol)] (H2L4) were used to investigate their coordination properties toward FeIII. The ligand H3L1 yields mononuclear iron(III) complexes, complexes 1–3, whereas the asymmetrically dibridged diiron(III) complexes 4–8 were isolated with the ligands H3L2, H2L3 and H2L4. The complexes 1–8 have been structurally, magnetochemically (2–290 K) and spectroscopically investigated. Presumably as an effect of the sterically demanding tert‐butyl groups, only mononuclear FeIII complexes 1–3 were isolated with H3L1, whereas H3L2 bearing the less bulky methyl groups results in the diferric(III) complex 4. Complexes 4–8, containing two d5 high‐spin ferric centres, possess a diamagnetic St = 0 ground state that is attained through intramolecular antiferromagnetic coupling between the two paramagnetic centres. We have focused our investigation largely on the magnetostructural correlation of the asymmetrically dibridged (hydroxo, methoxo, acetate) diferric(III) complexes 4–8 and compared these to similar compounds reported in the literature. The spin‐exchange ability of the groups such as –OH, –OMe, –OR and –OPh is also compared.
Preparation, Crystal Structures, Thermal Decomposition and Explosive Properties of Two Novel Energetic Compounds M(IMI)4(N3)2 (M = CuII and NiII, IMI = Imidazole): The New High–Nitrogen Materials (N > 46 %)
Authors: Wu Bi‐dong , Wang Shi‐wei , Yang Li , Zhang Tong‐lai , Zhang Jian‐guo , Zhou Zun‐ning , Yu Kai‐bei
Published: April 2011

Two novel multiligand coordination complexes of imidazole–copper(II) azide and imidazole–nickel(II) azide, Cu(IMI)4(N3)2 and Ni(IMI)4(N3)2, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The crystal structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The results show that the crystals of Cu(IMI)4(N3)2 and Ni(IMI)4(N3)2 crystallize in the orthorhombic Pna21 and monoclinic P21/n space groups, respectively. The metal cations are six‐coordinate, and are bound to two azido ligands by μ1‐azido bridges and to four imidazole molecules through nitrogen atoms. Under nitrogen, with a heating rate of 5 K min–1,these compounds go through two main exothermic stagesbetween 420 K and 750 K during their thermal decompostion, as seen in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry–differential thermogravimetry (TG‐DTG) curves. The nonisothermal kinetic parameters were calculated by the Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The sensitivity properties of M(IMI)4(N3)2 were also determined by standard methods, and the results showed that Cu(IMI)4(N3)2 had high impact and friction sensitivities and low flame sensitivity. Ni(IMI)4(N3)2 had low sensitivity to external stimuli, but it had a very high energy of combustion. The results of all the studies showed that these M(IMI)4(N3)2 (M = CuII and NiII) compounds have potential application as energetic materials.
Structure and Composition of the Layered Double Hydroxides of Mg and Fe: Implications for Anion‐Exchange Reactions
Authors: Manohara G. V. , Prasanna S. V. , Kamath P. Vishnu
Published: April 2011

Partial cation exchange of Mg2+ ions with Fe3+ ions employing solid Mg(OH)2 as precursor yielded an ordered layered double hydroxide of Mg and Fe in the presence of carbonate anions. Structure refinement revealed that the compound adopts the polytype structure 3R1 (space group R$\bar {3}$m, a = 3.108 Å, c = 23.08 Å) and does not show any signs of cation order. It crystallizes with a unique cation ratio of [Mg]/[Fe] = 4. At this ratio, the compound shows a single sharp absorption in its electronic spectrum at 280 nm. Attempts to prepare the LDH with a higher Fe content resulted in the phase separation of excess Fe into X‐ray amorphous binary compounds, the existence of which can be discerned only by the appearance of absorptions at λ > 350 nm, a characteristic of oxide–hydroxides of Fe3+. The nitrate‐containing compound also forms with a similarly low Fe content. At this composition, the compound does not exhibit any anion‐exchange properties as the nitrate ions intercalated in layered hydroxides of low layer charge are not labile. This explains the paucity of information on anion‐exchange reactions of layered double hydroxides of Mg and Fe.
Ag3(SO3F)4: A Rare Example of a Mixed‐Valent AgII/AgI Compound Showing 1D Antiferromagnetism
Authors: Michałowski Tomasz , Malinowski Przemysław J. , Derzsi Mariana , Mazej Zoran , Jagličić Zvonko , Leszczyński Piotr J. , Grochala Wojciech
Published: April 2011

Dark brown AgI2AgII(SO3F)4, known for over 30 years, is the first known example of four well‐characterized mixed‐valent (1+/2+) compounds of silver. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/c, with a = 5.33670(19) Å, b = 12.9486(4) Å, c = 19.5976(7) Å, β = 100.6407(13)°, V = 1330.95(8) Å3, Z = 4 and dcalcd. = 3.59 g cm–3. Its chemical formula is best written as [AgI2(SO3F)]+[AgII(SO3F)3]–. AgII centres form 1D chains linked through OSO bridges that result in pronounced antiferromagnetic coupling with TN = 225 K and a superexchange coupling constant (J) of –7.5 meV per pair of coupled AgII cations. Ligand environments around AgI and AgII differ substantially, which suggests a genuine mixed‐ (i.e., localized) and not intermediate‐valent (i.e., delocalized) character of the title compound. Indeed, electronic absorption is not observed up to 7500 cm–1, so the intervalence charge‐transfer transition across the electronic band gap must fall above 0.8 eV. The compound is stable up to a mere 75 °C, which marks the onset of its thermal decomposition to AgISO3F and the SO3F· radical. AgI2AgII(SO3F)4 is, after AgSO4, the second‐known 1D antiferromagnetic semiconducting oxa derivative of AgII.
Synthesis of Azacalixarenes through Dihydrobenzoxazine Derivatives of Phenols
Authors: Takemura Hiroyuki , Takahashi Asuka , Suga Haruka , Fukuda Mika , Iwanaga Tetsuo
Published: April 2011

A new series of azacalix[n]arenes were synthesized by the reaction between the benzoxazine derivatives of phenols and the phenol oligomers. The reaction should be carried out at 40–80 °C, because scrambling of the phenol units occurs at higher temperatures. The appropriate reaction conditions afforded the desired azacalixarene which was asymmetrical along the N···N′ or N···CH2 axis.
Bromination of Tocopherols: Oxidative Halogenations and Rearrangements
Authors: Böhmdorfer Stefan , Patel Anjan , Hofinger Andreas , Netscher Thomas , Gille Lars , Rosenau Thomas
Published: April 2011

The bromination behaviour of all four tocopherols and the corresponding model compounds in acidic and basic aqueous media was studied. Acidic conditions resulted in quinones and brominated quinones, with the bromination of the tocopherol preceeding the oxidation to the quinone. Buffer type and concentration did not influence the reaction results, whereas pH and the ratio of buffer and ethanol used as a co‐solvent strongly affected the reaction rates. In alkaline media, two or three major products and a multitude of minor byproducts were obtained, because the combination of oxidizing hypobromite and alkaline conditions allowed for more complex reaction pathways (oxidation, substitution, condensation, elimination) than the acidic conditions did. The para‐quinones were major reaction products observed for all four tocopherols. Interestingly, if the quinone was substituted at C‐5, it rearranged in a Michael‐type addition process followed by substitution with a bromonium ion. The absence of a substituent at C‐5, the presence of a bromine atom at C‐7, or the absence of bromine in the reaction medium were all able to prevent this reaction. The rearrangement products could react further by substitution of the newly acquired bromine group for a hydroxy group. In the cases of γ‐ and δ‐tocopherol, further rearrangement led to the formation of trioxo compounds.
Experimental study of dielectrophoresis and liquid dielectrophoresis mechanisms for particle capture in a droplet
Authors: Tsai Sung‐Lin , Hong Jhih‐Lin , Chen Ming‐Kun , Jang Ling‐Sheng
Published: April 2011

This work presents a microfluidic system that can transport, concentrate, and capture particles in a controllable droplet. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), a phenomenon in which a force is exerted on a dielectric particle when it is subjected to a non‐uniform electric field, is used to manipulate particles. Liquid dielectrophoresis (LDEP), a phenomenon in which a liquid moves toward regions of high electric field strength under a non‐uniform electric field, is used to manipulate the fluid. In this study, a mechanism of droplet creation presented in a previous work that uses DEP and LDEP is improved. A driving electrode with a DEP gap is used to prevent beads from getting stuck at the interface between air and liquid, which is actuated with an AC signal of 200 Vpp at a frequency of 100 kHz. DEP theory is used to calculate the DEP force in the liquid, and LDEP theory is used to analyze the influence of the DEP gap. The increment of the actuation voltage due to the electrode with a DEP gap is calculated. A set of microwell electrodes is used to capture a bead using DEP force, which is actuated with an AC signal of 20 Vpp at a frequency of 5 MHz. A simulation is carried out to investigate the dimensions of the DEP gap and microwell electrodes. Experiments are performed to demonstrate the creation of a 100‐nL droplet and the capture of individual 10‐μm polystyrene latex beads in the droplet.
Some possibilities of an analysis of complex samples by a mass spectrometry with a sample pretreatment by an offline coupled preparative capillary isotachophoresis
Authors: Marák Jozef , Staňová Andrea , Gajdoštínová Soňa , Škultéty L'udovít , Kaniansky Dušan
Published: April 2011

This work deals with an analysis of biologically important compounds in complex matrices using preparative isotachophoresis (pITP) in column coupling configuration as a sample pretreatment technique followed by a direct infusion mass spectrometry with nano‐electrospray ionization (DI‐nESI‐MS). Busereline was chosen as a model analyte, and urine was chosen as an example of complex matrix. In pITP experiments, sodium cation (10 mmol/L concentration) was used as a leading ion and β‐alanine as terminating ion (20 mmol/L concentration). The fractions, obtained by pITP pre‐separation with the assistance of the mixture of discrete spacers, were finally analyzed by DI‐nESI‐MS. It was shown that pITP performed before DI‐nESI‐MS analysis can significantly simplify complex matrix, and, due to its concentration power, pITP can consequently decrease the concentration limit of detection. The concentration of buserelin in the urine samples analyzed by pITP‐DI‐nESI‐MS was 10 μg/L (reflecting at a 8.10−9 mol/L concentration) in our work but from the ion intensities obtained in MS as well as MS/MS analyses, it is clear that this concentration level could be several orders of magnitude lower for reliable detection and identification of buserelin in urine analyzed using pITP with DI‐nESI‐MS detection.