bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on the Self‐Healing Potential of Interpenetrating Metal–Ceramic Composites
Authors: Horny Dominik , Schukraft Joél , Pieper Carolin , Weidenmann Kay André , Schulz Katrin
Published: July 2023

An interpenetrating metal ceramic composite (IMCC) has been investigated regarding the potential as well as the feasibility of self‐healing. Triggered by heating, cracks in the damaged composite located mainly in the Al2O3ceramic or at the interface could be filled and closed by the liquid AlSi10Mg metal alloy. This healing procedure promises to reduce stress concentrations at crack tips and to improve the mechanical properties compared to the predamaged composite. Two different numerical approaches have been introduced to investigate this assumption and the potential of self‐healed IMCCs for a best case scenario: 1) A simple 2D model to analyze the reduction of stress concentrations in front of a crack tip within the ceramic due to healing and 2) a 3D model based on CT‐scan reconstructed microstructures to study how macroscopic mechanical properties can be restored depending on the amount of predamage. Further, the self‐healing approach has been investigated experimentally for the same composite. Despite the fact that experimental self‐healing of the investigated IMCC is only moderately feasible so far, the study shows the great potential that can still be exploited in order to extend the service life time of IMCC engineering components.
Spin‐Crossover Grafted Monolayer of a Co(II) Terpyridine Derivative Functionalized with Carboxylic Acid Groups
Authors: García‐López Víctor , Giaconi Niccolò , Poggini Lorenzo , Calbo Joaquín , Juhin Amélie , Cortigiani Brunetto , Herrero‐Martín Javier , Ortí Enrique , Mannini Matteo , Clemente‐León Miguel , Coronado Eugenio
Published: July 2023

The synthesis and characterization of a new Co(II) spin‐crossover (SCO) complex based on 4′‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)−2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine ligand are reported. This complex can be successfully grafted on silver surface maintaining the SCO behavior. Thus, atomic force microscopy (AFM), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization – time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS), Raman spectroscopy, and XPS measurements, upon surface deposition, evidence the formation of a monolayer of intact molecules grafted through carboxylate groups to the Ag surface. Three different techniques: Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), supported by first‐principles calculations, confirm that the deposited molecules undergo a gradual spin transition with temperature. This phenomenon is unprecedented for a monolayer of molecules directly grafted onto a metallic surface from solution.
Bioresorbable Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Loaded Electrospun Polymeric Scaffold Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia Following Arteriovenous Fistula Formation in a Rat Model of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Barcena Allan John R. , Perez Joy Vanessa D. , Bernardino Marvin R. , Damasco Jossana A. , Cortes Andrea , Del Mundo Huckie C. , San Valentin Erin Marie D. , Klusman Carleigh , Canlas Gino Martin , Heralde Francisco M. , Avritscher Rony , Fowlkes Natalie , Bouchard Richard R. , Cheng Jizhong , Huang Steven Y. , Melancon Marites P.
Published: July 2023

Bioresorbable perivascular scaffolds loaded with antiproliferative agents have been shown to enhance arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation by inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). These scaffolds, which can mimic the three‐dimensional architecture of the vascular extracellular matrix, also have an untapped potential for the local delivery of cell therapies against NIH. Hence, an electrospun perivascular scaffold from polycaprolactone (PCL) to support mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and gradual elution at the AVF's outflow vein is fabricated. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Sprague‐Dawley rats is induced by performing 5/6th nephrectomy, then AVFs for scaffold application are created. The following groups of CKD rats are compared: no perivascular scaffold (i.e., control), PCL alone, and PCL+MSC scaffold. PCL and PCL+MSC significantly improve ultrasonographic (i.e., luminal diameter, wall‐to‐lumen ratio, and flow rate) and histologic (i.e., neointima‐to‐lumen ratio, neointima‐to‐media ratio) parameters compared to control, with PCL+MSC demonstrating further improvement in these parameters compared to PCL alone. Moreover, only PCL+MSC significantly reduces 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on positron emission tomography. These findings suggest that adding MSCs promotes greater luminal expansion and potentially reduces the inflammatory process underlying NIH. The results demonstrate the utility of mechanical support loaded with MSCs at the outflow vein immediately after AVF formation to support maturation by minimizing NIH.
Optimization of Charge Management and Energy Loss in All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Lili , Deng Dan , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang
Published: July 2023

All‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs) have received tremendous attention in recent decades because of their advantages over their polymer counterparts. These advantages include well‐defined chemical structures, easy purification, and negligible batch‐to‐batch variation. Remarkable progress with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 17% has recently been achieved with improved charge management (FF × JSC) and reduced energy loss (Eloss). Morphology control is the key factor in the progress of ASM‐OSCs, which remains a significant challenge because of the similarities in the molecular structures of the donors and acceptors. In this review, the effective strategies for charge management and/or Eloss reduction from the perspective of effective morphology control are summarized. The aim is to provide practical insights and guidance for material design and device optimization to promote further development of ASM‐OSCs to a level where they can compete with or even surpass the efficiency of polymer solar cells.
Improved Perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 Thin Films by ZIF‐67 Additive Assisted Co Ion Doping toward High‐Performance and Stable Photodetectors
Authors: Cheng Peiyu , Zhao Tong , Chen Mingming , Chen Sixue , Shen Xuemin , Liu Yuan , Yang Shikuan , Chen Zhanguo , Dong Xiuxiu , Wang Quan , Cao Dawei
Published: July 2023

Lead halide perovskites are considered important materials for the fabrication of high‐performance optoelectronic devices. However, the poor quality of thin films with abundant grain boundaries and defect states greatly lower the performance and stability of as‐fabricated devices. In the present work, the growth of improved perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin films through Co‐based zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF‐67) additive assisted Co ion doping is reported. Investigation of the morphological, structural, optical, and electrical properties shows that the Co ion doped CH3NH3PbI3 (CH3NH3Pb0.98Co0.02I3) thin films exhibit low grain boundaries, low defect states, and improved structural stabilities. The positive roles of suppression of defect states are further demonstrated by improved performance and stability of photodetectors based on CH3NH3Pb0.98Co0.02I3 thin films. Finally, density functional theory calculations are performed to reveal the mechanisms of passivation of undercoordinate Pb2+ vacancy defect states by Co ion doping. The results provided in this work will pave the way toward the fabrication of high performance and stable perovskite photodetectors in the future.
Peptide‐Modified AIEgen Probe for Selective Imaging and Killing of Drug‐Resistant Cancer Cells Based on Cell‐Cycle‐Dependent Uptake
Authors: Wu Xia , Hu Jing‐Jing , Chen Lulu , Wu Feng , Xia Fan , Lou Xiaoding
Published: July 2023

Distinguishing the precise phases of cells in the cell cycle is important for elucidation of their regulatory mechanisms and exploiting cell‐cycle‐targeted drugs. Here, a simple but efficient strategy is established based on a peptide‐modified aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) probe PKK–TTP by utilizing its differential cellular uptake amounts for specific cell cycle recognition and targeted therapy. After incubating the probe in cells with different phases, maximal fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are observed in S phase, middle in G0/G1 phase, and the minimum in G2/M phase. The cell‐cycle‐dependent fluorescent intensity is proven to be related to variable uptake routes of PKK–TTP. The maximized uptake of PKK–TTP in S phase relies on three simultaneously working endocytic routes, including macro‐pinocytosis and clathrin‐ and caveolin‐dependent endocytosis, while decreased uptake in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases mainly depends on the single route. Furthermore, the uptake of PKK–TTP is further verified in normal cells and drug‐resistant cancer cells (S). Bright fluorescence of PKK–TTP is observed in drug‐resistant cancer cells in S phase, while a little fluorescence is observed in paclitaxel (PTX)‐treated cancer cells due to G2/M phase. Collectively, PKK–TTP can be applied to distinguish cancer cells, evaluating the drug resistance and exerting its therapeutic efficiency downstream.
β‐Functionalization of 4 a‐aza‐8 a‐boranaphthalene via Iridium‐catalyzed C−H Borylation
Authors: Valencia Isabel , Sucunza David , Mendicuti Francisco , García‐García Patricia , Vaquero Juan J.
Published: July 2023

A general method for the functionalization of 4a‐aza‐8a‐boranaphthalene in the position β to the nitrogen atom has been developed. This method is based on a regioselective iridium‐catalyzed C−H activation process for the introduction of a boronate group, which can subsequently be transformed into a variety of aryl or alkynyl groups via cross‐coupling reactions. Selective mono‐ or difunctionalization can be achieved by controlling the reaction conditions during the borylation step. The photophysical properties of the obtained 3‐ or 3,6‐substituted BN‐naphthalenes have been evaluated, and some of them have been found to be significantly fluorescent, with fluorescence quantum yields up to 0.85.
Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−C Bond Cleavage of Unstrained Tertiary Alkyl Aromatics to Arylketones
Authors: Xu Ning , Zhou Lulu , Zhao Linlin , Guo Mengying , Yang Linlin , Han Wei
Published: July 2023

We present here an iron‐catalyzed oxidative Csp3−Csp3 bond cleavage of unstrained tertiary alkyl aromatics to provide a range of synthetically useful arylketones even with H2O2 as the oxidant. This method is operationally simple, scalable, and eco‐friendly, as well as suitable for the late‐stage oxidation of complex molecules bearing hydroxy groups, making it a valuable tool in organic synthesis.
Why is aluminum‐based lithium adsorbent ineffective in Li+ extraction from sulfate‐type brines
Authors: Chen Jun , Huang Kai , Du Jianglong , Lian Cheng , Yu Jianguo , Lin Sen
Published: July 2023

Aluminum‐based lithium adsorbent (Li/Al‐LDH) is the only industrialized adsorbent for Li+ extraction from salt lake brines. The inherent mechanism of declined Li+ adsorption performance was revealed to explain the feebleness in sulfate‐type brines. SO42− in brines could replace interlayer Cl− by a stronger electrostatic attraction with laminates, significantly altering the stacking structure and interlayer spacing, while Cl K‐edge of XAFS showed intercalated SO42− would not obviously change the chemical environment of interlayer Cl−. Experiments as well as DFT and FEM simulations indicated the intercalated SO42− regulated Li+ adsorption of Li/Al‐LDHs at different ionic strength under a combined effect of expanded interlayers, close packing, and electrostatic repulsion. Although sufficient SO42− contents in brines might promote the single Li+ adsorption by offering ionic strength as a driving force, the long‐term usability would be severely impaired as SO42− intercalation in interlayers reduced the subsequent Li+ adsorption capacity and increased the desorption difficulty.
Ontogenesis of sociability of wild immature capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus): Sex more than personality explains interindividual variation
Authors: Omena Julia , Izar Patrícia
Published: July 2023

Sociability is a fundamental trait that social animals need to survive and reproduce in societies. Sociability predicts how an individual can consistently interact with its conspecifics across time and situations. By studying capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus), a neotropical primate with complex social behavior and high cognitive capacity, our research aims to analyze the development of the social axis of personality of immature individuals, from birth to the third year of life. We studied wild monkeys belonging to a group with infants, juveniles, and adults of both sexes that inhabits northeastern Brazil. We analyzed the behavior of 12 immature capuchins (6 males and 6 females) in 94 h of videos recorded weekly from birth until 36 months, through daily focal sampling. We verified whether there was intraindividual consistency throughout development by fitting regression models for the effect of age on initiating affiliative social behaviors, controlling for monkey identity and sex. Our results indicate that the individuals of this study exhibit high variation in the initiation of behaviors at the beginning of infancy; there was low repeatability and high intra‐individual variation during the first 3 years of life of these individuals, indicating that the social personality is not consolidated in this period. Immature females were more sociable than immature males. Therefore, differences in sociability in early life of bearded capuchin monkeys are best explained by sex rather than personality. We suggest that the high initial behavioral variation in the social axis of personality allows for plasticity influenced by the environment throughout development. The high sociability of females in infancy may be related to female philopatry and their high sociability in adulthood.
Dementia risk in patients with type 2 diabetes: Comparing metformin with no pharmacological treatment
Authors: Zheng Bang , Su Bowen , Ahmadi‐Abhari Sara , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Riboli Elio , Middleton Lefkos
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION

Metformin has been suggested as a therapeutic agent for dementia, but the relevant evidence has been partial and inconsistent.

METHODS

We established a national cohort of 210,237 type 2 diabetes patients in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Risks of incident dementia were compared between metformin initiators and those who were not prescribed any anti‐diabetes medication during follow‐up.

RESULTS

Compared with metformin initiators (n = 114,628), patients who received no anti‐diabetes medication (n = 95,609) had lower HbA1c and better cardiovascular health at baseline. Both Cox regression and propensity score weighting analysis showed metformin initiators had lower risk of dementia compared to those non‐users (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.88 [95% confidence interval: 0.84–0.92] and 0.90 [0.84–0.96]). Patients on long‐term metformin treatment had an even lower risk of dementia.

DISCUSSION

Metformin may act beyond its glycemic effect and reduce dementia risk to an even lower level than that of patients with milder diabetes and better health profiles.

Highlights

Metformin initiators had a significantly lower risk of dementia compared with patients not receiving anti‐diabetes medication.

Compared with metformin initiators, diabetes patients not receiving pharmacological treatment had better glycemic profiles at baseline and during follow‐up.

Patients on long‐term metformin treatment had an even lower risk of subsequent dementia incidence.

Metformin may act beyond its effect on hyperglycemia and has the potential of being repurposed for dementia prevention.
Retracted: Ultra‐processed food consumption and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Long‐term results from the Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: Wang Kanran , Tang Weimin , Hao Xingchen , Zhao Junhan
Published: July 2023

Retraction: Wang, K, Tang, W, Hao, X, Zhao, J. Ultra‐processed food consumption and risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Long‐term results from the Framingham Offspring Study. Alzheimer's Dement. 2023; 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13351.

The above article, published online on 03 July 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal's Editor‐in‐Chief Dr. Donna M. Wilcock, the Alzheimer's Association and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The retraction has been agreed as the authors did not have the appropriate approvals in place from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) for use of the data in this article. This contravenes the journal's policy on data use and the journal is issuing this retraction as a result.
P‐type Polymers in Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Kong Weibo , Wang Jiayu , Hu Yingyue , Cui Ningbo , Yan Cenqi , Cai Xufu , Cheng Pei
Published: July 2023

P‐type polymers are polymeric semiconducting materials that conduct holes and have extensive applications in optoelectronics such as organic photovoltaics. Taking the advantage of intrinsic discontinuous light absorption of organic semiconductors, semitransparent organic photovoltaics (STOPVs) present compelling opportunities in various potential applications such as building‐integrated photovoltaics, agrivoltaics, automobiles, and wearable electronics. The characteristics of p‐type polymers, including optical, electronic, and morphological properties, determine the performance of STOPVs, and the requirements for p‐type polymers differ between opaque organic photovoltaics and STOPVs. Hence, in this Minireview, recent advances of p‐type polymers used in STOPVs are systematically summarized, with emphasis on the effects of chemical structures, conformation structures, and aggregation structures of p‐type polymers on the performance of STOPVs. Furthermore, new design concepts and guidelines are also proposed for p‐type polymers to facilitate the future development of high‐performance STOPVs.
p‐Block Bismuth Nanoclusters Sites Activated by Atomically Dispersed Bismuth for Tandem Boosting Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production
Authors: Zhu Pan , Feng Wuyi , Zhao Di , Song Pengyu , Li Mengwei , Tan Xin , Liu Ting , Liu Shoujie , Zhu Wei , Zhuang Zhongbin , Zhang Jiatao , Chen Chen
Published: July 2023

Constructing electrocatalysts with p‐block elements is generally considered rather challenging owing to their closed d shells. Here for the first time, we present a p‐block‐element bismuth‐based (Bi‐based) catalyst with the co‐existence of single‐atomic Bi sites coordinated with oxygen (O) and sulfur (S) atoms and Bi nanoclusters (Biclu) (collectively denoted as BiOSSA/Biclu) for the highly selective oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). As a result, BiOSSA/Biclu gives a high H2O2 selectivity of 95 % in rotating ring‐disk electrode, and a large current density of 36 mA cm−2 at 0.15 V vs. RHE, a considerable H2O2 yield of 11.5 mg cm−2 h−1 with high H2O2 Faraday efficiency of ∼90 % at 0.3 V vs. RHE and a long‐term durability of ∼22 h in H‐cell test. Interestingly, the experimental data on site poisoning and theoretical calculations both revealed that, for BiOSSA/Biclu, the catalytic active sites are on the Bi clusters, which are further activated by the atomically dispersed Bi coordinated with O and S atoms. This work demonstrates a new synergistic tandem strategy for advanced p‐block‐element Bi catalysts featuring atomic‐level catalytic sites, and the great potential of rational material design for constructing highly active electrocatalysts based on p‐block metals.
Reaction‐Induced Metal‐Metal Oxide Interactions in Pd‐In2O3/ZrO2 Catalysts Drive Selective and Stable CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Araújo Thaylan Pinheiro , Morales‐Vidal Jordi , Giannakakis Georgios , Mondelli Cecilia , Eliasson Henrik , Erni Rolf , Stewart Joseph A. , Mitchell Sharon , López Núria , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: July 2023

Ternary Pd‐In2O3/ZrO2 catalysts exhibit technological potential for CO2‐based methanol synthesis, but developing scalable systems and comprehending complex dynamic behaviors of the active phase, promoter, and carrier are key for achieving high productivity. Here, we show that the structure of Pd‐In2O3/ZrO2 systems prepared by wet impregnation evolves under CO2 hydrogenation conditions into a selective and stable architecture, independent of the order of addition of Pd and In phases on the zirconia carrier. Detailed operando characterization and simulations reveal a rapid restructuring driven by the metal‐metal oxide interaction energetics. The proximity of InPdx alloy particles decorated by InOx layers in the resulting architecture prevents performance losses associated with Pd sintering. The findings highlight the crucial role of reaction‐induced restructuring in complex CO2 hydrogenation catalysts and offer insights into the optimal integration of acid‐base and redox functions for practical implementation.
Design of Hollow Nanoreactors for Size‐ and Shape‐Selective Catalytic Semihydrogenation Driven by Molecular Recognition
Authors: Pi Yutong , Cui Linxia , Luo Wenhao , Li Haitao , Ma Yanfu , Ta Na , Wang Xinyao , Gao Rui , Wang Dan , Yang Qihua , Liu Jian
Published: July 2023

Mimicking the structures and functions of cells to create artificial organelles has spurred the development of efficient strategies for production of hollow nanoreactors with biomimetic catalytic functions. However, such structure are challenging to fabricate and are thus rarely reported. We report the design of hollow nanoreactors with hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) and spatially loaded metal nanoparticles. Starting from a molecular‐level design strategy, well‐defined hollow multishelled structure phenolic resins (HoMS‐PR) and carbon (HoMS‐C) submicron particles were accurately constructed. HoMS‐C serves as an excellent, versatile platform, owing to its tunable properties with tailored functional sites for achieving precise spatial location of metal nanoparticles, internally encapsulated (Pd@HoMS‐C) or externally supported (Pd/HoMS‐C). Impressively, the combination of the delicate nanoarchitecture and spatially loaded metal nanoparticles endow the pair of nanoreactors with size–shape‐selective molecular recognition properties in catalytic semihydrogenation, including high activity and selectivity of Pd@HoMS‐C for small aliphatic substrates and Pd/HoMS‐C for large aromatic substrates. Theoretical calculations provide insight into the pair of nanoreactors with distinct behaviors due to the differences in energy barrier of substrate adsorption. This work provides guidance on the rational design and accurate construction of hollow nanoreactors with precisely located active sites and a finely modulated microenvironment by mimicking the functions of cells.
Fabrication of 3D‐printed graphene/polylactic acid and carbon nanofiber/polylactic acid electrodes: New solvent‐free electrochemical activation method for hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Ateş Sevgi , Baran Aydın Evrim
Published: July 2023

In this study, polylactic acid (PLA) composites containing different ratios (5%–15%) of graphene (GRP) and carbon nanofiber (CNF) were filamented using an extruder and then, 3D printed electrodes were produced by fused deposition modeling (FDM) method using the obtained GRP‐PLA and CNF‐PLA based filaments. The Electrochemical measurements of the 3D electrodes toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) were investigated. According to the results obtained from the cathodic curves; It was determined that the current densities of 15% GRP/PLA and 15% CNF/PLA 3D electrodes were higher than the other electrodes and these values were around 0.325 and 0.329 mA cm−2, respectively. From the EIS results, the resistance values (Rct + Rad) for 15% GRP/PLA and 15% CNF/PLA 3D electrodes were found to be around 1465 and 9135 Ω cm2, respectively. It was determined that these two 3D electrodes had the lowest resistance values compared to other ratios. To increase the efficiency for HER, after soaking in 1 M KOH for 1 h, the activation process was carried out using the CV method by taking 100 cycles in the 0/−3 V range. The results were compared with the activation method reported in the literature (DMF and 2.5 V electrochemical treatment).
Three‐dimensional bioprinting of stem cell‐derived central nervous system cells enables astrocyte growth, vasculogenesis, and enhances neural differentiation/function
Authors: Sullivan Michael A. , Lane Samuel , Volkerling Alexander , Engel Martin , Werry Eryn L. , Kassiou Michael
Published: July 2023

Current research tools for preclinical drug development such as rodent models and two‐dimensional immortalized monocultures have failed to serve as effective translational models for human central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recent advancements in the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and three‐dimensional (3D) culturing can improve the in vivo‐relevance of preclinical models, while generating 3D cultures though novel bioprinting technologies can offer increased scalability and replicability. As such, there is a need to develop platforms that combine iPSC‐derived cells with 3D bioprinting to produce scalable, tunable, and biomimetic cultures for preclinical drug discovery applications. We report a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol)‐based matrix which incorporates Arg‐Gly‐Asp and Tyr‐Ile‐Gly‐Ser‐Arg peptide motifs and full‐length collagen IV at a stiffness similar to the human brain (1.5 kPa). Using a high‐throughput commercial bioprinter we report the viable culture and morphological development of monocultured iPSC‐derived astrocytes, brain microvascular endothelial‐like cells, neural progenitors, and neurons in our novel matrix. We also show that this system supports endothelial‐like vasculogenesis and enhances neural differentiation and spontaneous activity. This platform forms a foundation for more complex, multicellular models to facilitate high‐throughput translational drug discovery for CNS disorders.
Neurodiversity and psychotherapy—Connections and ways forward
Authors: Pantazakos Themistoklis
Published: July 2023

This critical review examines the connections between the neurodiversity paradigm and psychotherapy for autistic individuals. Clinical data indicates that autistic people face a deep and multifaceted mental health crisis, which neurodiversity‐affirming psychotherapy is ideally posed to address. Nonetheless, there are substantial challenges for tailoring psychotherapeutic schemes to autistic clients. The importance of phenomenological psychology in overcoming these challenges is highlighted, and a related proposal is briefly developed.
Progress in the Enantioselective Synthesis of Sulfur (VI) Compounds
Authors: Zhao Ping , Zeng Qingle
Published: July 2023

In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the prominence of enantioenriched sulfur(VI) compounds within the chemical science, particularly in the realm of bioactive molecules. However, the synthesis of these enantioenriched sulfur(VI) compounds has posed significant challenges, necessitating the exploration of diverse synthetic methods. Accordingly, this review aims to provide an in‐depth analysis of the latest advancements in the synthesis of sulfoximines, sulfonimidate esters, sulfonimidamides, and sulfonimidoyl halides, with a focus on developments since 1971.
Dynamic Surface Antifouling Materials
Authors: Wang Man , Ma Chunfeng , Zhang Guangzhao
Published: July 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The colonization of marine microorganisms, animals and plants on underwater surface forms marine biofouling. It has profound effects on marine industries. To solve the problem, we proposed a strategy of Dynamic Surface Antifouling (DSAF), i.e., continuously changing surfaces can effectively inhibit biofouling organisms landing and adhering, and developed degradable polymer based marine antifouling material. The degradation of polymer chain enables the surface dynamic or self‐renewing even on static conditions. The final degradation products of these polymers are low molecular weight molecules, and do not produce marine microplastics. Meanwhile, the degradable polymers act as carriers and controlled release systems for antifoulants, further improving the antifouling efficiency. This article reviews the development of dynamic surface antifouling materials.

What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?

Synthesis of marine anti‐biofouling polymers.

How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?

I happened to read a paper about marine biofouling on the internet three months later after I joined University of Science and Technology of China (USTC). Its adverse effects on marine industry and marine activities shocked me very much! No doubt, it makes great significance for our country and society to solve the problem. It is a challenge, but I like challenge, and I decided to get into this field. Realizing that the key is to develop new polymer resin, I was confident that I was able to solve the problem with my polymer chemistry and physics background. Actually, it is not easy. I have spent about 20 years in this project since then.

What is the most important personality for scientific research?

Curiosity, interest, concentration and persistence. How do you keep balance between research and family?

I make a plan and organization for everything so I can keep a balance between family and work.

Who influences you mostly in your life?

Prof. Ming Jiang and Prof. Chi Wu, who are my PhD and post‐doctor supervisors, respectively. They taught me how to do research and how to choose a significant subject.

What is your favorite journal(s)?

Macromolecules, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Physical Review Letters.

Could you please give us some advices on improving Chinese Journal of Chemistry?

The journal may publish more papers about applications of chemistry and history of chemistry.
Use of electronic cigarettes among African American cancer survivors
Authors: Wharram Christelle E. , Kyko Jaclyn M. , Ruterbusch Julie J. , Beebe‐Dimmer Jennifer L. , Schwartz Ann G. , Cote Michele L.
Published: July 2023

Background

The use of electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes) is increasing rapidly in the United States, although the negative health outcomes associated with these products are still unknown. Emerging research has examined the use of e‐cigarettes in the cancer survivor population as a whole, yet none has focused on e‐cigarette use in the African American (AA) cancer survivor population.

Methods

The authors used data from the Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors cohort study, comprised of AA adult cancer survivors. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate factors potentially associated with e‐cigarette ever use and current use.

Results

Of 4443 cancer survivors who completed a baseline interview, 8.3% (n = 370) reported ever using e‐cigarettes, and 16.5% (n = 61) of those reporting ever use also reported current use of e‐cigarettes. Ever users and current users were on average younger than those who did not use e‐cigarettes (57.5 vs. 61.2 years; p < .001). Current cigarette smokers were >20 times more likely (odds ratio, 20.75; 95% confidence interval, 12.84–33.55) and former smokers were almost 10 times more likely (odds ratio, 9.50; 95% confidence interval, 6.03–14.97) to have ever used e‐cigarettes than never‐smokers. Preliminary data suggested that ever use of e‐cigarettes is associated with later stage at diagnosis for breast and colorectal cancers.

Conclusions

As the use of e‐cigarettes increases in the general population, it is important to continue to monitor their use in cancer survivors and to gain more insight as it pertains to the AA cancer survivor population. Elucidation of the factors associated with e‐cigarette use in this population may help inform comprehensive cancer survivorship recommendations and interventions.
Color characterization model for OLED displays with crosstalk effects
Authors: Wu Jialu , Wei Minchen , Yang Yang , Wang Wenjun
Published: July 2023

Conventional models (e.g., a Gain‐Offset‐Gamma model) were developed based on the assumption of channel independence. Modern displays (e.g., organic light‐emitting‐diode OLED displays), however, sometimes have crosstalk effects among the three channels, making these conventional models have poor performance. In this article, we propose a 3D piecewise model. It divides the display gamma encoded RGB space (i.e., R′G′B′) into 27 subspaces and characterizes the crosstalk effects between two and three channels based on the measurements of the tristimulus values of 64 combinations of digital signal values. The average color difference ΔE00 of the 41 combinations between the model predictions and the measurements was around 0.34, in comparison to the average of 3.61 by the GOG model, across nine uncalibrated OLED displays. In addition, for displays with breakpoints on each channel, a revision is proposed to divide the subspaces for maintaining the accurate predictions. The proposed model was also validated by calibrating 94 uncalibrated OLED displays to the standard P3 RGB specifications, resulting an average color difference ΔE00 reduced from 3.96 to 0.72.
A novel‐cascaded ANFIS‐based deep reinforcement learning for the detection of attack in cloud IoT‐based smart city applications
Authors: Almasri Marwah Mohammad , Alajlan Abrar M.
Published: July 2023

Vast usages of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in various smart applications have laid a foundation for the evolution of modern smart cities. The increasing dependency of smart city applications on communication and information technologies enhances operational efficiency, sustainability, and automation of city services. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of IoT devices, the network faces critical security issues while executing continued network operations and services, particularly by cyber‐attacks. One of the predominant and rampant cyber‐attacks in smart city applications is botnet attacks. Therefore, a novel deep learning model for the detection and isolation of cyber‐attacks is proposed in the cloud IoT‐based smart city applications to protect against such cyber‐attacks. The proposed framework utilizes two different modules to automatically detect and isolate the malicious traffic emanating from compromised IoT devices with more efficiency. Here, two different datasets namely the IoT network intrusion and the ISCX 2012 IDs datasets are utilized for the evaluation of the proposed framework. In the first phase, the compromised device which communicates malicious network traffics through the network is identified using a cascaded adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (CANFIS). After detection, IP address of abnormal traffic is recorded and informed to the system administrator. In the second phase, communication pathways of compromised devices with other normal devices are blocked and the compromised devices are isolated from the network using the modified deep reinforcement learning (MDRL) approach. The analytic result shows that the proposed framework achieves a greater accuracy rate of about 98.7% as compared to other state‐of‐art methods.
Luminescence and Stability of 1,4,5‐Triaryl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Nusser Brandon D. , Accardo Joseph V. , Zhu Lei
Published: July 2023

The fluorescence, phosphorescence, and photochemical properties of di‐ and triaryl‐substituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles are reported in this work. The ease of synthesis of regioisomers of substituted triazoles enables a systematic study on the correlation between regiochemistry and excited state properties, which include the solvent dependence of fluorescence, energy gap between singlet and triplet emitters, and propensity to photon‐triggered transformations. The triazoles that carry electron (e)‐donor and e‐acceptor aryl substituents show high fluorescence quantum yields in weakly polar solvents and exhibit solvent‐dependent fluorescence. The luminescence properties of these compounds in glass matrices at 77 K are characterized. The thermal and photo‐stability, two parameters that are crucial to their potential utilities in optical devices, of these compounds are determined. The position of the e‐donor substituent has a significant impact on the fluorescence emission energy and solvent sensitivity, singlet‐triplet energy gap, and photochemical reactivity and stability. The experimental observations on the structural correlation with the photophysical and photochemical properties are explained by quantum chemical calculations. This study provides a rationale on the placement of substituent on a donor‐acceptor type fluorophore to maneuver a range of photo‐related properties.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for colorectal neoplasms: Risk factors for local recurrence and long‐term surveillance
Authors: Okumura Taishi , Hayashi Takemasa , Kudo Shin‐ei , Mochizuki Kenichi , Abe Masahiro , Sakurai Tatsuya , Kouyama Yuta , Ogawa Yushi , Maeda Yasuharu , Toyoshima Naoya , Misawa Masashi , Kudo Toyoki , Wakamura Kunihiko , Baba Toshiyuki , Ishida Fumio , Miyachi Hideyuki
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an effective procedure for the en bloc resection of colorectal neoplasms. However, risk factors for local recurrence after ESD have not been identified. This study aimed to evaluate such risk factors after ESD for colorectal neoplasms.

Methods

This retrospective study included 1344 patients with 1539 consecutive colorectal lesions who underwent ESD between September 2003 and December 2019. We investigated various factors associated with local recurrence in these patients. The main outcomes were the incidence of local recurrence and its relationship with clinicopathological factors during long‐term surveillance.

Results

The en bloc resection rate was 98.6%, the R0 resection rate was 97.2%, and the histologically complete resection rate was 92.7%. Local recurrence was observed in 7/1344 (0.5%) patients and the median follow‐up period was 72 months (range 4–195 months). The incidence of local recurrence was significantly higher in lesions ≥40 mm in diameter (hazard ratio [HR] 15.68 [1.88–130.5]; p = 0.011), piecemeal resection (HR 48.42 [10.7–218.7]; p < 0.001), non‐R0 resection (HR 41.05 [9.025–186.7]; p < 0.001), histologically incomplete resection (HR 16.23 [3.627–72.63]; p<0.001), and severe fibrosis (F2; HR 9.523 [1.14–79.3]; p = 0.037).

Conclusions

Five risk factors for local recurrence after ESD were identified. Patients with such factors should undergo careful surveillance colonoscopy.
Just add water: Rainfall‐induced anther closure and color change in Ripariosida hermaphrodita (Malvaceae)
Authors: Humphreys Emily A. , Skema Cynthia
Published: July 2023

Anther opening has commonly been thought of as unidirectional, but reports of anthers closing in response to rainfall show this is not the case. In some species, anther closure can protect pollen from degrading or washing away, thus possibly enhancing male fitness. Similarly, although floral color is often presumed to be static, numerous floral parts may change color during blooming. These color changes primarily occur in response to pollination or aging, thus potentially increasing pollination efficiency by directing floral visitors to recently opened, unpollinated flowers. Daily observations of 364 Ripariosida hermaphrodita flowers from seven individuals showed that anthers that were purple, open, and shedding pollen became beige colored and tightly closed after rainfall. These findings were further supported by observations of plants exposed to simulated rainfall in a greenhouse and time‐lapse photography of flowers misted with water. To our knowledge, our work represents the first report of anther closure in response to rain in Malvaceae and the first report of floral color change induced by rainfall.
Evolutionary history of an Alpine Archaeognath (Machilis pallida): Insights from different variant
Authors: Haider Marlene , Schilling Martin P. , Moest Markus H. , Steiner Florian M. , Schlick‐Steiner Birgit C. , Arthofer Wolfgang
Published: July 2023

Reconstruction of species histories is a central aspect of evolutionary biology. Patterns of genetic variation within and among populations can be leveraged to elucidate evolutionary processes and demographic histories. However, interpreting genetic signatures and unraveling the contributing processes can be challenging, in particular for non‐model organisms with complex reproductive modes and genome organization. One way forward is the combined consideration of patterns revealed by different molecular markers (nuclear vs. mitochondrial) and types of variants (common vs. rare) that differ in their age, mode, and rate of evolution. Here, we applied this approach to RNAseq data generated for Machilis pallida (Archaeognatha), an Alpine jumping bristletail considered parthenogenetic and triploid. We generated de novo transcriptome and mitochondrial assemblies to obtain high‐density data to investigate patterns of mitochondrial and common and rare nuclear variation in 17 M. pallida individuals sampled from all known populations. We find that the different variant types capture distinct aspects of the evolutionary history and discuss the observed patterns in the context of parthenogenesis, polyploidy, and survival during glaciation. This study highlights the potential of different variant types to gain insights into evolutionary scenarios even from challenging but often available data and the suitability of M. pallida and the genus Machilis as a study system for the evolution of sexual strategies and polyploidization during environmental change. We also emphasize the need for further research which will be stimulated and facilitated by these newly generated resources and insights.
Metal‐Rich Metallaboranes: Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding of Heteronuclear Trimetallic Clusters containing (μ3‐BH) Ligand
Authors: Nanda Pradhan Alaka , Jaiswal Shippy , Ghosh Sundargopal
Published: July 2023

Building upon our earlier results on the chemistry of nido‐1,2‐[(Cp*RuH)2B3H7] (Cp*=ɳ5‐C5Me5) (nido‐1) with different transition metal carbonyls, we continued to investigate the reactivity with group 7 metal carbonyls under photolytic condition. Photolysis of nido‐1 with [Mn2(CO)10] led to the isolation of a trimetallic [(Cp*Ru)2{Mn(CO)3}(μ‐H)(μ‐CO)3(μ3‐BH)] (2) cluster with a triply bridging borylene moiety. Cluster 2 is a rare example of a tetrahedral cluster having hydrido(hydroborylene) moiety. In an attempt to synthesize the Re analogue of 2, a similar reaction was carried out with [Re2(CO)10] that yielded the trimetallic [(Cp*Ru)2{Re(CO)3}(μ‐H)(μ‐CO)3(μ3‐BH)] (3) cluster having a triply bridging borylene unit. Along with 3, a trimetallic square pyramid cluster [(Cp*Ru)2{Re(CO)3}(μ‐H)2(μ‐CO)(μ3,ɳ2‐B2H5)] (4), and heterotrimetallic hydride clusters [{Cp*Ru(CO)2}‐{Re(CO)4}2(μ‐H)] (5) and [{Cp*Ru(CO)}{Re(CO)4}2(μ‐H)3] (6) were isolated. Cluster 4 is a unique example of a M2M′B2 cluster having diboron capped Ru2Re‐triangle. The hydride clusters 5 and 6 have triangular RuRe2 frameworks with one and three μ‐Hs respectively. All the clusters have been characterized by using mass spectrometry, 1H, 11B{1H}, 13C{1H} NMR and IR spectroscopies analyses and the structures of clusters 2–6 have been unambiguously established by XRD analyses. Furthermore, to understand the electronic, structural, and bonding features of the synthesized metal‐rich clusters, DFT calculations have been performed.
Simulation model of a non‐contact triboelectric nanogenerator based on electrostatic induction
Authors: You Jing , Shao Jiajia , He Yahua , Guo Xin , See K. W. , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Xiaolin
Published: July 2023

Based on the coupling effects of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can convert mechanical energy into electric power, which is at the cutting edge of alternative energy technology. Although a considerable number of TENGs with different configurations have been designed, some of them however, which only depend on the electrostatic induction effect have not received enough attention. Here, a non‐contact TENG model consists of copper rings and charged dielectric sphere is presented, which is aimed at exploring the working process of TENGs caused by electrostatic induction. Two classical models, including vertical and horizontal double copper rings models are also proposed. Relevant advanced and accurate models of TENGs have been established through the finite element method. We anticipate that the constructed model and theoretical analysis are helpful for the design of non‐contact model TENGs with complicated geometric construction, and expand their applications in various fields.

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“One stone two birds” design for hollow spherical Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7/C cathode enabled high‐performance sodium‐ion batteries from iron rust
Authors: Chen Yiqing , Dong Chongrui , Chen Long , Fu Chenglong , Zeng Yubin , Wang Qin , Cao Yuliang , Chen Zhongxue
Published: July 2023

Sodium‐ion battery (SIB) is considered as a revolutionary technology toward large‐scale energy storage applications. Developing cost‐effective cathode material as well as economical synthesis procedure is a key challenge for its commercialization. Herein, we develop a facile and economic strategy to simultaneously remove rust from the surface of carbon steel and achieve porous and hollow spherical Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7/C (HS‐NFPP/C). Benefiting from the desirable structure that fastens the electronic/ionic transportation and effectively accommodates the volume expansion/contraction during discharge/charge process, the as‐prepared cathode exhibits outstanding rate capability and ultralong cycle life. An extraordinarily high‐power density of 32.3 kW kg−1 with an ultrahigh capacity retention of 89.7% after 10 000 cycles are achieved. More significantly, the 3 Ah HC||HS‐NFPP/C full battery manifests impressive cycling stability. Therefore, this work provides an economical and sustainable approach for the massive production of high‐performance Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 cathode, which can be potentially commercialized toward SIB applications.

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An in silico analysis of the effect of stressors on Mung bean protein
Authors: Ramalingam Saipriya , Routray Winny , Rahimi Jamshid , Kroetsch Benjamin , Singh Ashutosh
Published: July 2023

With the world turning its attention towards sustainable protein sources, mung bean, in recent times has garnered significant research acclaim. As an emerging functional food that is rich in protein, little is known about its characteristics during processing. Hence, in this study, an molecular dynamic (MD) simulation approach was performed on 2CV6, the crystal structure of 8Sα globulin. GROMACS software was used to vary input thermal and pressure parameters (i.e., 300, 373, and 398 K at 3, 5, and 7 Kbar). Visual MD interface was used to picture the changes occurring in the protein's secondary structure as an effect of applied stress. The radius of gyration values decreased significantly with increasing pressure while high‐pressure high‐temperature treatment improved packing effects. STRIDE analysis showed that peripheral 2° structures such as α‐helices and β‐sheets underwent conformational changes to form turns and coils, indicating increased randomness. Despite subjecting the protein molecule to high temperature, the pressure applied counteracted the unwinding process, resulting in overall compaction.