bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Invasive and Non-Invasive Methods in Site Response, Case Study: Soil Deposits of La Estrella
Authors: Largo Daniel , Hidalgo César , Olarte Juan
Published: December 2021

A great part of the Colombian territory is under medium to high seismic hazard due to the complex tectonic condition, which in turn affects, particularly, areas where the population density is highest. A response spectrum analysis of the ground is currently required by seismic design codes for site response analysis. For this, the shear wave velocity (Vs) profile must be established. The use of seismic invasive methods such as Down Hole or Cross Hole for the determination of the shear wave velocity (Vs), has been typically recommended. In recent years, significant progress has been made in non-invasive seismic methods such as MasW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) and ReMi (Refraction Microtremor), in order to estimate the Vs profile from surface waves analysis. Due to the accessibility and low cost, these methods represent a viable alternative to determine the profile of Vs. In this project, the seismic response of soil deposits was evaluated in the La Estrella municipality located in the south of The Aburrá Valley. One-dimensional (1D) models were simulated by characterizing the soil profile through the shear wave velocity with MasW and ReMi seismic tests. The results were compared with models based on shear wave characterization through Down Hole methods. The 1D response spectrums were determined with an equivalent linear model in DEEPSOIL and GTS NX software. The resulting spectra were compared through relative difference and correlation coefficient. Final results demonstrated that the spectra present low relative differences for long periods, moderate relative differences for moderate periods, and low to moderate relative differences for short periods. The general correlation coefficients were 0.6. This was evidence that non-invasive seismic methods allow an appropriate response spectrum analysis.
The combination of irradiation biofertilizer of rhizosphere microbes consortium inoculant (IMR) and inorganic fertilizer on the growth of kale in a floating raft hydroponic system
Authors: Dewi A K , Rahayu S , Dwimahyani I , Khairunnisa N , Suryadi E
Published: December 2021

A hydroponic floating system is a working system where a plant is placed in a floating net pot on the surface of water. In hydroponic systems, the content of inorganic fertilizers contained in the media is the main source of nutrients for plants. The use of biological fertilizers is expected to reduce the dose of inorganic fertilizers applied to hydroponic systems. The main objective of this study was to obtain a combination of inorganic fertilizers with Inoculant of Rhizosphere Microbial Consortium (IMR) and biofertilizer which has the most influence on the N content, growth and production of kale plant. There are five different treatments on hydroponic floating system viz 100% inorganic fertilizer (control), 100% inorganic fertilizer + IMR (Pa), 75% inorganic fertilizer + IMR (Pb), 50% inorganic fertilizer + IMR (Pc), and 25% + IMR (Pd), where 100% inorganic fertilizer is equivalent to 10 mL / L and the amount of IMR given to each treatment was 10 ml/L. The method used in this research was descriptive comparative method, using primary data which is then analysed quantitatively such as using graphs, and T-test. The results of the research showed that giving a combination of 100% biological fertilizer and 50% inorganic fertilizer, can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers by 50%, and gave the best and significant influence on plant height 34.41 cm, leaves as much as 30 strands, root length 24.27 cm, and the harvest weight 80.97 grams. The combination of 100% biological fertilizer and 50% inorganic fertilizer does not give a combination of N content of the kale plant.
The performance of the C12880MA MEMS sensor for classification of the roasting level of coffee bean
Authors: Ulinnuha A R I , Bahtiar Z A , Nauri A R , Rhamadan I , Wulansari R C , Iqbal Z
Published: December 2021

The cupping test has been widely used to assess the roasting level of coffee to produce high-quality coffee beans. However, the method requires a longer process and sophisticated sensory analysis. The procedure could only be assessed by the certified panellist. Lately, commercial microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology has been developed, which could be used for building a small spectrometer sensor. This gives the opportunity to adopt bench-top spectrometer sensing into the low-cost portable sensor. This research aims to study the performance test on the C12880MA MEMS sensor to determine the level of roasted coffee. A total of 90 samples from each 30 medium roasting level (Light to Medium, Medium, and Medium to Dark) was prepared. Spectrum data of samples were measured using a C12880MA sensor ranging from 312.162nm to 868.503nm. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was performed to classify the roasting level. The result showed that both LDA using full-spectrum and interval spectrum gave 100% accuracy with no falsely classified.
The effect of different substrates on chitinase activity from Bacillus sp. WS4F
Authors: Astuti P M , Setyahadi S , Wardani A K , Sutrisno A
Published: December 2021

One of the roles of chitinase is as an antifungal which is widely used as a biocontrol agent for plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi. Bacillus sp. WS4F has chitinase activity which can inhibit the growth of Ganoderma boninense, a fungus that attacks oil palm and causes basal stem rot (BSR). This study aims to investigate the effect of different substrates on the activity of the chitinase from Bacillus sp. WS4F. Two kinds of substrates i.e. chitin flakes and shrimp shells were used in this study. Enzyme activity of chitinase was analyzed after partial purification of enzyme was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by dialysis. The highest activity of chitinase was achieved by the substrate using shrimp shells. The ammonium sulfate precipitation (60-80% saturation) 0.0949 U/mL for activity enzyme and 0.2639 mg/mL for protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the enzyme showed a molecular weight of 64.389 kDa.
The role vegetable proteins to stabilize emulsion: a mini review
Authors: Isnaini L , Estiasih T , Suseno S H , Lestari L A
Published: December 2021

The critical aspect in forming emulsion is the selection of the right emulsifier. Emulsifiers are facilitating emulsion formation and promoting emulsion stability. Protein is the emulsifier that is often found in the food industry, because it has an active surface containing a mixture of hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids along the polypeptide chains. Protein have emulsification properties due to their amphipathic properties (having hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups) are the properties of proteins as emulsification because these proteins are able to form a layer at the oil-water interface. However, protein-stabilized emulsions are sensitive to charge changes, and proteins tend to diffuse slowly towards the interface compared to emulsifiers with smaller molecular weight. The purpose of this literature review is to determine the ability of vegetable proteins to stabilize emulsions.
Physicochemical characteristics of fiber rich flour from solid waste of purple sweet potato starch processing
Authors: Julianti E , Lubis Z , Yusraini E , Ridwansyah
Published: December 2021

Sweet potato starch processing produces liquid waste and solid waste. Solid waste from sweet potato starch processing contains a high concentration of fiber so that it can be used for making fiber flour, which can be used as material for food fiber fortification in foodstuffs. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of fiber flour derived from the solid waste of purple-fleshed sweet potato (PFSP) starch processing. Starch processing is carried out using 3 different types of extracting ingredients, namely distilled water, 2000 ppm sodium metabisulfite solution, and 2000 ppm citric acid solution. The results showed that the yield of fiber flour produced was 4.07-5.11%. The resulting fiber flour has soluble and insoluble fiber content between 1.20-1.63 and 13.53-21.91% respectively. The results of this study indicate that fiber-rich flour from the solid residue of PFSP starch processing can be used as a fiber fortification agent in special food products for people with obesity.
The potential for developing local corn from East Nusa Tenggara as raw material for indigenous cuisine and processed products: A mini-review
Authors: Hamaisa A , Estiasih T , Putri W D R , Fibrianto K
Published: December 2021

East Nusa Tenggara is one of the provinces in Indonesia that uses corn as staple food. Bose corn is an indigenous cuisine for people on the island of Timor, East Nusa Tenggara province. The corn used as raw material for this indigenous cuisine is generally local varieties. Local varieties of corn contain high amylose, so it takes a long time to cook. Starch modification is an instantization method which can be used to shorten its cooking time. Nixtamalization and pregelatinization are simple starch modification methods that can be applied by the community using a certain level of calcium hydroxide and appropriate cooking times. Bose corn is one of the indigenous cuisine processing products using local raw materials that can be developed as an instant food.
Design of a website-based traceability information system on subsidized fertilizer supply chain
Authors: Kurniawan M , Pramono D , Amalia F
Published: December 2021

Fertilizer is an important part of agriculture. To ease the burden on farmers, the government assists in the form of subsidized fertilizers to farmers. Limited information on the availability of subsidized fertilizer supplies in stores often makes it difficult for farmers to obtain them. Therefore, a traceability information system is needed that can help farmers to obtain information on the availability of these fertilizers. This information system will also help the supply chain of subsidized fertilizers to be more effective and efficient. This research was conducted for one year to study the supply chain traceability process and the development of a website-based subsidized fertilizer information system. The method used in this research is to use the unified modelling language (UML) method. The UML used to design the system consists of use case diagrams, class diagrams, activity diagrams, and sequence diagrams. The traceability system that has been designed is implemented into a website-based information system. This research produces a website-based information system of the supply chain traceability information system for subsidized fertilizers.
Machine learning application for sustainable agri-food supply chain performance: a review
Authors: Santoso I , Purnomo M , Sulianto A A , Choirun A
Published: December 2021

The agri-food supply chain consists of activities in “farm-to-fork” order, including agriculture (i.e., land cultivation and crop production), production processes, packaging, warehousing systems, distribution, transportation, and marketing. Data analytics hold the key to ensuring future food security, food safety, and ecological sustainability. While emerging ‘smart’ technologies such as the internet of things, machine learning, and cloud computing can change production management practices. The current study presents a systematic review of machine learning (ML) applications in the agri-food supply chain. This framework identifies the role of ML algorithms in providing real-time analytical insights to assist proactive data-driven decision-making processes in the agri-food supply chain. It also guides researchers, practitioners, and policymakers on successful management to increase the productivity and sustainability of agri-food.
Estimation of salt pond area in Madura based on satellite imagery
Authors: Mu’tamar M F F , Firmansyah R A , Ulya M
Published: December 2021

Salt is one of the essential commodities in Madura. Still, this commodity is often a problem related to the volume of production that cannot be determined with certainty. Sometimes, the estimation and actual production in the field is much different. The satellite image is a picture of an area photographed by satellite remote sensing of an area according to conditions in the field. Satellite imagery can be used to estimate the area of production of a commodity at a specific location. This study aimed to estimate the total area of salt pond in the Madura Island, specifically Sampang district, using a Landsat 8 satellite image. The method used spectral analysis that extracts multispectral data Landsat 8 to result from different areas. Field observations were conducted to validate the area. The results show that the accuracy of satellite image interpretation of salt ponds and non-salt ponds was 67.5%. Based on the result, it is possible to estimate salt pond area production in the Sampang district using Landsat 8. However, classification results must be improved by using other classification methods.
Life cycle cost (LCC) and the economic impact of the national biofuels development through biorefinery concept and circular economy
Authors: Sasongko N A , Pertiwi G A
Published: December 2021

The challenge in the life cycle costing (LCC) analysis of the national biofuel industry is an economic analysis to determine all production costs incurred by the production process from facility construction to waste management. Regarding the Biofuel Supply Chain, the entire process of producing palm oil biodiesel is divided into three stages: production of fresh fruit bunches (FFB), production of crude palm oil (CPO), and biodiesel. LCC analysis is applied by adding an externality variable, providing comprehensive information on the cost structure of palm oil-based biodiesel production. To determine the total cost of externalities that occur due to biodiesel production, the impacts of land use, social costs and environmental costs such as emissions of air pollutants on palm oil biodiesel are considered. The results show that the LCC analysis applied by adding externality variables provides detailed information about biofuel production costs’ composition and hotspots. It can be used to determine hotspots, streamline production, obtain an overview of the most competitive total production costs, and minimize environmental impacts along its supply chain.
Exploring cellulolytic microorganisms from coffee industry by-products and their enzyme properties
Authors: Brahmanti A A , Martati E , Wardani A K
Published: December 2021

Cellulolytic microorganism has immense potential due to their cellulase production, enzyme complexity and widespread habitat of life. This study was conducted to obtain microbial cellulase with vast industrial applicability from the coffee industry by-product in East Java, Indonesia. Fifty-four isolates with significant clear zone formation were obtained by Congo red staining in CMC agar plates. Eighteen bacteria, two yeasts and two moulds with high cellulolytic index were subjected to protein content determination as well as reducing sugar analysis in various conditions such as pH, temperature, addition of metal ions, surfactant and inhibitor agent. The specific activity measurements of all the crude enzymes result in the highest value of cellulase activity produced by isolate C12 which was 0.401 ± 0.018 U/mg. This enzyme activity was known to be optimum at 50°C and pH 9. It was also stimulated by K+, Na+, Mg2+, Fe3+, and SDS. However, the enzyme activity was inhibited by EDTA at 10 mM concentration. The use of coffee industry by-products as the source of cellulolytic microorganisms offers a promising approach for its various types of indigenous microorganisms and their unique property of cellulase produced that is useful for industrial application.
Use of activated charcoal feed supplement in diets of pigs
Authors: Lavrentyev A , Sherne V , Semenov V , Zhestyanova L , Mikhaylova L
Published: December 2021

Pig farming is one of the most important and strategically valuable sub-branches of animal husbandry for ensuring food security of Russia and its regions as the special role of meat and meat products is determined with their significance as the main source of proteins of animal origin in human sensible nutrition. The novelty of the work is the use of an active coal feed additive as part of the diets of experimental piglets for growth and development and meat productivity during cultivation and fattening. Effective pig farming suggests use of high-quality feeds meeting requirements of presence of nutritional components and absence or minimum content of harmful and toxic substances. The conducted studies prove that the dose of activated charcoal feed supplement in the amount of 0.050 g/kg of live weight gives the highest results.
Special compound feeds and an immunostimulator to increase the live weight gain of suckling piglets
Authors: Lavrentev A , Larionov G , Mikhaylova L , Zhestyanova L , Sherne V
Published: December 2021

Sow milk is usually enough to meet the need for nutrients of three weeks age piglets. However from the beginning of life they need supplemental nutrients in the form of creep feeding. The objective of this study was to survey the usefulness of special mixed feeds (super starter, pre-starter, starter feeds) given as creep feeding and feeding to suckling pigs, as well as the use of immunostimulant for their health, better growth and development. The study showed that suckling pig fed with special super starter, pre-starter and starter mixed feed depending on age, as well as young animals additionally treated with intramuscular injected immunostimulant better by growth rate. The highest indicators for the live weight of piglets at the age of 60 days (weaning) and for the milk content of sows were in the experimental group, which was intramuscularly injected with an immunostimulator The highest live weight of (weaning) piglets aged 60 days was in treated groups.
Veterinary and hygienic methods of directed reproduction in formation of healthy herds of cows
Authors: Semenov V , Maykotov A , Kondruchina S , Ivanova T , Tolstova S , Biryukova D , Musaev S , Abdullayev A , Semenov A , Matveeva E
Published: December 2021

Our work provided for the study of the impact of directed reproduction of cows on the formation of highly productive healthy herds in the basic farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. For accelerated replacement of herd and increase of number of highly productive cows in large farms for milk production one uses sexed semen at the first and the second insemination of primiparous cows obtained from highly productive mothers. The efficiency obtained from using this technique is 65-95% of individuals of the desired sex. Insemination was carried out by recto-cervical method using a tool AlphaVision frozen-thawed sexed semen divided by sex. The highest results of the fruitfulness of insemination with sexed semen in Agricultural production cooperative “Breeding Plant Almaty”, Individual entrepreneur “Karimov” and Kakpatas Kordai were obtained in the autumn-winter period and ranged from 58.1 to 65.2%, with an insemination index of 1.58-1.72. Economic efficiency when using the technology of artificial insemination of calves with sexed semen amounted to 10,040.2 tenge. When using sexed semen, an average of 92% of calves were obtained from bovine. Less insemination costs, the profit from calf production amounted to 76,109.2 tenge.
Use of Holstein bulls in improvement of black pied cattle
Authors: Ignatieva N L , Voronova I V , Yu Nemtseva E , Toboev G M
Published: December 2021

Sires play an important role in improvement of productive qualities of bred livestock. Most researchers and breeders estimate their impact to be at least 90%. In order to evaluate the results of using different Holstein breeding bulls, we compared the productivity of their offspring with the average values for all bulls. The following methods of variation statistics were used: observation, data grouping, and correlation analysis. It was found that the best are the descendants of the bull Estuary 2186 of the Montwick Chieftain line. Besides, Liman 2186 bull’s daughters excelled in high milk fat content - 4.46%. Daughters of Punch 2748 bull of Pabst Governor line were the best in protein content of milk (3.27%). Daughters of Liman 2186 bull had the highest fat and protein yield during 305 days of lactation. It was established that the direction and value of correlation between the main features of milk yield of cows of different lineages have a rather high degree of variation. Presence of positive genetic correlation between milk yield and protein content in milk in some lines of animals enables breeding cows by two traits simultaneously (milk yield and protein content in milk).
Effect of heating of frozen colostrum in two-resonator installation
Authors: Novikova G , Ershova I , Prosviryakova M , Mikhailova O , Storchevoy V , Larionov G , Samarin G , Kuleshova L , Poruchikov D , Andreev L
Published: December 2021

The study is aimed at the effect substantiation of voluminous heating of the cattle frozen colostrum in the two-resonator installation. The methodology is based on the theory of the electromagnetic field, the laws of thermodynamics and the results of physical modeling. The colostrum dielectric parameters were analyzed in the temperature range from -12 °C to +40 °C. The theoretical studies were carried out for changes finding out in the absorption coefficient of the electromagnetic field and the penetration depth of the electromagnetic waves 12.24 cm long during defrosting/heating of the cow colostrum with the fat content of 6.4%. It is found that the penetration depth of the electromagnetic field into the frozen raw material at negative temperatures range (0.2-1.0 cm) is less than that at the colostrum positive temperatures (1.0-2.17 cm). With such significant difference in the dielectric characteristics of the frozen and thawed colostrum and in their penetration depths of the ultra high frequency electromagnetic field, the rate of their heating is considerably different. The developed continuous-flow ultra high frequency electromagnetic generator contains two voluminous resonators. They provide the colostrum being in different physical states with different doses of the ultra high frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
Factors that facilitate development of small agricultural cooperative farm alliances
Authors: Afanaseva O , Elmov V , Ivanov E , Makushev A
Published: December 2021

Although cooperative movement in Russia has a pretty long history, achieving its proper functioning failed for a variety of reasons. With new support measures in place, namely, to establish a basic infrastructure - since 2015, to acquire assets and farm equipment, agro-processing equipment - since 2019, cooperatives in Russia geared to promoting small farms are expected to flare up. In this context, this paper reviews key statistical indicators of the current structural changes in agro-industry, as well as the health and contribution of small farms to the agricultural industry in general. This work aimed to identify preconditions for Russian farmers to form cooperatives. This is of the utmost importance since small farms produce nearly half of the country’s total agricultural output, own 37% of arable land, 56% of cattle, and ensure a quarter of employment. Through the research, a range of malpractices affecting the progress of small farms has been identified. They are dearth of modern technology, efficient staff, impossibility to invest in working capital, problems with marketing of produced goods, etc. Creating well-functioning agricultural cooperatives will address the above challenges today’s Russian farmers face.
Effect of various LED lighting on the growth and development of garden strawberry Fragariaxananassa Duch. and groundcover rose Rosa hybrida L. at greenhouse conditions
Authors: Evlakov P M , Bichkov A A , Grodetskaya T A , Yu Zapletin V
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of various LED (light-emitting diode) light units in ensuring high-quality growth and development of plants, as well as to obtain high-quality seedlings of strawberries and ground cover rose. We studied the physiological reactions of garden strawberry (“Melga” variety) and ground cover rose (“Fairy” variety) plants under controlled conditions and obtained the data on the effect of light quality on plant biological productivity, dynamics of growth processes, photosynthesis rate and transpiration. Regardless of the type of studied crops, the tallest plants were obtained under conditions of supplementary lighting by the lamp with blue/green/red ratio in the spectrum 17/29/54 % (option 1) and the lamp with ratio 18/45/37 % (option 2). At the same time, the dry weight of leaves and roots, as well as the biological productivity of strawberry plants in experimental options 1 and 2 exceeded by 41% than in the control plants (under high pressure sodium lamp). For garden strawberry we recommend the LED in the option 2, for the ground cover rose optimal is the option 1.
A review on bovine hydroxyapatite; extraction and characterization
Authors: Moradi Ali , Pakizeh Majid , Ghassemi Toktam
Published: December 2021

High rate of bone grafting surgeries emphasizes the need for optimal bone substitutes. Biomaterials mimicking the interconnected porous structure of the original bone with osteoconductive and osteoinductive capabilities have long been considered. Hydroxyapatite (HA), as the main inorganic part of natural bone, has exhibited excellent regenerative properties in bone tissue engineering. This manuscript reviews the HA extraction methods from bovine bone, as one of the principal biosources. Essential points in the extraction process have also been highlighted. Characterization of the produced HA through gold standard methods such as XRD, FTIR, electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), mechanical/thermodynamic tests, and bioactivity analysis has been explained in detail. Finally, future perspectives for development of HA constructs are mentioned.
Multi-layer structure formation of relativistic electron beams in plasmas
Authors: WANG Xiaojuan , HU Zhanghu , WANG Younian
Published: December 2021

A two-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulation model is proposed to study the density evolution and collective stopping of electron beams in background plasmas. We show here the formation of the multi-layer structure of the relativistic electron beam in the plasma due to the different betatron frequency from the beam front to the beam tail. Meanwhile, the nonuniformity of the longitudinal wakefield is the essential reason for the multi-layer structure formation in beam phase space. The influences of beam parameters (beam radius and transverse density profile) on the formation of the multi-layer structure and collective stopping in background plasmas are also considered.
Stability of uniformly eventually positive 𝐶₀-semigroups on 𝐿_{𝑝}-spaces
Authors: Vogt Hendrik
Published: December 2021

We give a short and elementary proof of the theorem of Lutz Weis [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 123 (1995), pp. 3089–3094] that the growth bound of a positive

C
0

C_0

-semigroup on

L
p

(
μ
)

L_p(\mu )

equals the spectral bound of its generator. In addition, we generalise the result to the case of uniformly eventually positive semigroups.
On absolute weighted arithmetic mean summability of infinite series and Fourier series
Authors: Bor Hüseyi̇n
Published: December 2021

Quite recently, we have obtained two main theorems dealing with absolute weighted arithmetic mean summability factors of infinite series and trigonometric Fourier series [C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 359 (2021), pp. 323–328]. In this paper, we have generalized these theorems for a general summability method. We have also obtained some new and known results for certain absolute summability methods.
On 3-manifolds that are boundaries of exotic 4-manifolds
Authors: Etnyre John , Min Hyunki , Mukherjee Anubhav
Published: December 2021

We give several criteria on a closed, oriented

3
3

-manifold that will imply that it is the boundary of a (simply connected)

4
4

-manifold that admits infinitely many distinct smooth structures. We also show that any weakly fillable contact

3
3

-manifold, or contact

3
3

-manifold with non-vanishing Heegaard Floer invariant, is the boundary of a simply connected

4
4

-manifold that admits infinitely many distinct smooth structures each of which supports a symplectic structure with concave boundary, that is there are infinitely many exotic caps for any such contact manifold.
Distinct distances on hyperbolic surfaces
Authors: Meng Xianchang
Published: December 2021

For any cofinite Fuchsian group

Γ
⊂

P
S
L

(
2
,

R

)

\Gamma \subset \mathrm {PSL}(2, \mathbb {R})

, we show that any set of

N
N

points on the hyperbolic surface

Γ
∖

H

2

\Gamma \backslash \mathbb {H}^2

determines

≥

C

Γ

N

log
⁡
N

\geq C_{\Gamma } \frac {N}{\log N}

distinct distances for some constant

C

Γ

>
0

C_{\Gamma }>0

depending only on

Γ
\Gamma

. In particular, for

Γ
\Gamma

being any finite index subgroup of

P
S
L

(
2
,

Z

)

\mathrm {PSL}(2, \mathbb {Z})

with

μ
=
[

P
S
L

(
2
,

Z

)
:
Γ
]
>
∞

\mu =[\mathrm {PSL}(2, \mathbb {Z}): \Gamma ]>\infty

, any set of

N
N

points on

Γ
∖

H

2

\Gamma \backslash \mathbb {H}^2

determines

≥
C

N

μ
log
⁡
N

\geq C\frac {N}{\mu \log N}

distinct distances for some absolute constant

C
>
0

C>0

.
Vector-valued almost sure invariance principles for (non)stationary and random dynamical systems
Authors: Su Yaofeng
Published: December 2021

We study the limit behavior of (non)stationary and random chaotic dynamical systems. Several (vector-valued) almost sure invariance principles for (non)stationary dynamical systems and quenched (vector-valued) almost sure invariance principles for random dynamical systems are proved. We also apply our results to stationary chaotic dynamical systems, which admit Young towers, and to (non)uniformly expanding non-stationary and random dynamical systems with intermittencies or uniform spectral gaps. It implies that the systems under study tend to a Brownian motion under various scalings.
Evaluating replicability in microbiome data
Authors: Clausen David S , Willis Amy D
Published: December 2021

High-throughput sequencing is widely used to study microbial communities. However, choice of laboratory protocol is known to affect the resulting microbiome data, which has an unquantified impact on many comparisons between communities of scientific interest. We propose a novel approach to evaluating replicability in high-dimensional data and apply it to assess the cross-laboratory replicability of signals in microbiome data using the Microbiome Quality Control Project data set. We learn distinctions between samples as measured by a single laboratory and evaluate whether the same distinctions hold in data produced by other laboratories. While most sequencing laboratories can consistently distinguish between samples (median correct classification 87% on genus-level proportion data), these distinctions frequently fail to hold in data from other laboratories (median correct classification 55% across laboratory on genus-level proportion data). As identical samples processed by different laboratories generate substantively different quantitative results, we conclude that 16S sequencing does not reliably resolve differences in human microbiome samples. However, because we observe greater replicability under certain data transformations, our results inform the analysis of microbiome data.
Impact of enhanced recovery protocols after pancreatoduodenectomy: meta-analysis
Authors: Kuemmerli Christoph , Tschuor Christoph , Kasai Meidai , Alseidi Adnan A , Balzano Gianpaolo , Bouwense Stefan , Braga Marco , Coolsen Mariëlle , Daniel Sara K , Dervenis Christos , Falconi Massimo , Hwang Dae Wook , Kagedan Daniel J , Kim Song Cheol , Lavu Harish , Liang Tingbo , Nussbaum Daniel , Partelli Stefano , Passeri Michael J , Pecorelli Nicolò , Pillai Sastha Ahanatha , Pillarisetty Venu G , Pucci Michael J , Su Wei , Sutcliffe Robert P , Tingstedt Bobby , van der Kolk Marion , Vrochides Dionisios , Wei Alice , Williamsson Caroline , Yeo Charles J , Zani Sabino , Zouros Efstratios , Abu Hilal Mohammed
Published: December 2021

Background

This individual-patient data meta-analysis investigated the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols compared with conventional care on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods

The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched systematically for articles reporting outcomes of ERAS after pancreatoduodenectomy published up to August 2020. Comparative studies were included. Main outcomes were postoperative functional recovery elements, postoperative morbidity, duration of hospital stay, and readmission.

Results

Individual-patient data were obtained from 17 of 31 eligible studies comprising 3108 patients. Time to liquid (mean difference (MD) −3.23 (95 per cent c.i. −4.62 to −1.85) days; P < 0.001) and solid (−3.84 (−5.09 to −2.60) days; P < 0.001) intake, time to passage of first stool (MD −1.38 (−1.82 to −0.94) days; P < 0.001) and time to removal of the nasogastric tube (3.03 (−4.87 to −1.18) days; P = 0.001) were reduced with ERAS. ERAS was associated with lower overall morbidity (risk difference (RD) −0.04, 95 per cent c.i. −0.08 to −0.01; P = 0.015), less delayed gastric emptying (RD −0.11, −0.22 to −0.01; P = 0.039) and a shorter duration of hospital stay (MD −2.33 (−2.98 to −1.69) days; P < 0.001) without a higher readmission rate.

Conclusion

ERAS improved postoperative outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy. Implementation should be encouraged.
245 Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in children according to ‘padua criteria’: single paediatric centre experience
Authors: Cicenia Marianna , Cantarutti Nicoletta , Adorisio Rachele , Silvetti Massimo Stefano , Secinaro Aurelio , Ciancarella Paolo , Di Mambro Corrado , Magliozzi Monia , Novelli Antonio , Amodeo Antonio , Baban Anwar , Drago Fabrizio
Published: December 2021

Aims

Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a rare disease in children. The purpose of this study is to describe the main features of our paediatric patients with ACM providing a contribution for diagnostic work-up and therapeutic decisions.

Methods and results

Eligibility criteria of the study was ACM diagnosed at age <18 years old. We enrolled 21 patients (mean age at diagnosis 13.9 ± 2 years). Holter monitoring showed premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) burden of 7.9 ± 10% (range: 1–35%). Exercise testing showed suppression of PVCs during exercise in most patients (44.4%). Cardiac magnetic resonance was performed in 17/21 (81%) patients. Right ventricular (RV) dilatation, segmental wall motion abnormalities, and late gadolinium enhancement of both ventricles were the predominant features. Genetic results were available in 19/21 patients. 3/19 (15.8%) had compound heterozygous variants, 3/19 (15.8%) digenic variants, and 6/19 (31.6%) a single variant. EPS was performed in 15/21 (75%). Ventricular tachycardia was inducible in 3/15 (20%) and ventricular fibrillation occurred in 1/15 (6.7%). Implantable cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) were implanted in 15 patients (71.4%). ICD therapies were released in two patients during follow-up (2009–2021). No patients died suddenly.

Conclusions

Paediatric ACM can be diagnosed in the majority of cases secondary to: incidental finding of minor arrhythmias or due to positive family history. PVCs burden is not elevated and exercise-induced arrhythmias occur in a minority of patients. ICD may be indicated in most patients even if follow-up during the paediatric age can be reassuring. Multicentric observation is highly needed to derive conclusions in children.
536 Intraoperative predictors of long-term pacing threshold improvement in leadless pacemakers
Authors: Mitacchione Gianfranco , Schiavone Marco , Arabia Gianmarco , Salghetti Francesca , Cerini Manuel , Gasperetti Alessio , Viecca Murizio , Curnis Antonio , Forleo Giovanni
Published: December 2021

Aims

Micra-VR transcatheter pacing system (TPS) has shown strong stability of electrical parameters over time. Nevertheless, a small percentage of patients develops high pacing threshold (PT) (>1 V@0.24 ms) which can decrease the longevity of battery. Our study sought to investigate the intraoperative electrical parameters able to predict device electrical performances during the time.

Methods and results

Patients (pts) implanted with Micra-VR TPS from March 2018 to January 2021 were prospectively considered at the Cardiology Department of Spedali Civili Hospital (Brescia) and Luigi Sacco Hospital (Milan). R-wave sensing amplitude (mV), pacing impedance (Ohm), and PT (V@0.24 ms) were recorded twice: upon Micra final positioning, and after removal of the delivery system. All pts received a follow-up visit at 1- and 12-month after discharge. Electrical parameters were recorded at each visit. A total of 93 pts underwent Micra-VR implantation were enrolled. When compared to the first assessment, R-wave amplitude increased of 19.1% at second control performed after 13 ± 4 min (+1.71 ± 0.2 mV, 95% CI: 1.4–2.02; P < 0.001). Conversely, PT significantly decreased of 22.1% at 12-month follow-up respect to baseline (−0.22 ± 0.03 V, 95% CI: −0.13 to − 0.31; P < 0.001) (Figure 1). Among patients with high PT, acute increase of R-wave sensing of 1.5 mV after 14 ± 4 min significantly predicted PT normalization (≤1 V@0.24 ms) 12 months post-implant (R = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.13–0.33, P < 0.001) (Figure 2), with a sensitivity of 87.5% (95% CI: 0.61–0.98) and a specificity of 88.8% (95% CI: 0.51–0.99) (Figure 3).

Conclusions

A 1.5 mV increase in R-wave amplitude at implant time is predictive of PT normalization (<1.0 V/0.24 ms) at 12-month FU. This finding may have practical implications for device repositioning in case of HPT at implant. This parameter could be considered for acute device repositioning, particularly in HPT patients.

536 Figure
679 Pharmacokinetics of direct oral anticoagulants in patient with atrial fibrillation and extreme obesity
Authors: Giannetti Laura , Pezzullo Enrica , D’Aquino Marco Malvezzi Caracciolo , Scognamiglio Gabriella , Parente Erika , Uccello Ambra , Fabiani Dario , Natale Francesco , Golino Paolo , Russo Vincenzo
Published: December 2021

Aims

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are recommended in preference to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) eligible for oral anticoagulation therapy; however, data and clinical experiences supporting the use of DOACs in patients with a body mass index ≥40 kg/m2 or weight >120 kg remain limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of DOACs in patients with AF and extreme obesity.

Methods and results

We enrolled all consecutive patients with AF and extreme obesity undergoing treatment with DOACs followed up at Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy. To determine peak plasma and trough levels of DOACs, plasma samples were collected at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 12th hours from the last dose intake in patients receiving apixaban and dabigatran and at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 24th hours in those receiving edoxaban and rivaroxaban. The DOACs’ peak and trough plasma levels obtained from our study population were compared with those sourced from pharmacokinetic studies among patients without obesity, defined as a normal reference range in the literature. If at least 1 peak or trough plasma level was found below or above the normal reference ranges, the patients were classified as having out-of-range DOAC plasma levels. Study population was then divided into in-range and out-of-range groups. Baseline characteristics, including DOAC treatment, were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify baseline variables associated with DOACs’ plasma concentration out of the expected range. A total of 58 patients [mean (SD) age, 70.93 (8.73) years; 40% female] with extreme obesity [mean (SD) body mass index, 44.43 (3.54) kg/m2] and AF while undergoing DOAC treatment was included in the present study. In nine patients (15.5%), the DOAC plasma concentrations were out of the expected ranges (out-of-range group);, indicating a greater likelihood of edoxaban 30 mg treatment (33% vs. 2%; P < 0.01) and inappropriate DOAC underdosing (56% vs. 4%; P < 0.005) compared with the in-range group. According to the multivariate logistic analysis (P = 0.0011), the inappropriate DOAC underdosing (hazard ratio = 29.37; P = 0.0002) was an independent predictor of DOAC plasma levels out of the expected ranges.

Conclusions

Patients with extreme obesity and AF who were receiving DOAC therapy had DOAC plasma concentrations in the expected range. The inappropriate DOAC underdosing seems to be the only independent clinical factor associated with a plasma concentration of the drug out of the expected range.
629 CPVT and complete atrio-ventricular block: two faces of the same coin?
Authors: Petrungaro Mattia , Nesti Martina , Cavaretta Elena , Palamà Zefferino , Scarà Antonio , Martino Annamaria , Robles Antonio Gianluca , De Maio Melissa , Romano Silvio , Penco Maria , Calò Leonardo , Sciarra Luigi
Published: December 2021

Aims

Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is an electrical genetic disease characterized by induction of malignant ventricular arrhythmias during adrenergic stress in structurally normal hearts. CPVT is correlated to syncope or sudden cardiac death (SCD). Usually, it is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), an essential gene for Ca2+ homeostasis.

Methods and results

Our case series refers to: a man (59 years) who came to our attention for a clinical check-up 4 years after implanting bicameral pacemaker at the age of 55 years for complete AV block; and his three sons (E. female 27 years; D. male 25 years; and B. female 17 years) who had evidence of polymorphic non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) with increasing effort during stress test. The three sons performed cardiac MRI and underwent genetic test. All three were found to be carriers of the same microdeletion of the RYR 2 gene (1q43- extended for about 49 kb) at the genetic test. They also have non-compacted myocardium at cardiac MRI. The father was also found to be a carrier of the same genetic microdeletion, while the mother was negative to the genetic test. The man was diagnosed to be a carrier of the mutation 4 years after pacemaker implantation.

Conclusions

Mutation of the RyR2 may have different phenotypic expressions and can be correlated to various clinical manifestations. CPVT is the most common one, and its prompt identification is crucial to prevent subjects from sport-related risks and to plan an efficient therapy. Our case series provides evidence for a careful consideration of such a genetic disorder even in presence of a major AV conduction disease in a relatively young subject. In the present case series, no major adverse events occurred. However, we can, in the aftermath, speculate that if a genetic disorder had been suspected when AV block occurred, a timely diagnosis could have been made earlier also for the sons.
211 Impact of smoking habits on baseline and on-treatment platelet reactivity in STEMI patients treated with third generation P2Y12
Authors: Canonico Mario Enrico , Scudiero Fernando , Sanna Giuseppe Damiano , Avvedimento Marisa , Leone Attilio , Saba Pier Sergio , Esposito Giovanni , Parodi Guido
Published: December 2021

Aims

Smoking habit is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. High on-treatment platelet reactivity has been associated with high risk of ischaemic events in STEMI patients. The relationship between platelet reactivity and smoking habit was investigated only in few studies, and the impact of smoke on platelet reactivity in STEMI patients treated with 3rd generation P2Y12 inhibitor is still lacking. This study aim to assess the impact of smoking habits on baseline and on-treatment platelet reactivity in STEMI patients treated with 3rd generation P2Y12 inhibitor.

Methods

Overall, 429 STEMI patients were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to smoking habit. Platelet reactivity was assessed by VerifyNow at baseline and after 3rd generation P2Y12 inhibitor (ticagrelor or prasugrel) loading dose (LD). Blood samples were obtained at baseline (T0), and after 1 h (T1), 2 h (T2), 4w6 h (T3) and 8–12 h (T4) after LD.

Results

The mean age of the enrolled population was 62 ± 12 and male rate was 75%. Patients with smoking habit were younger (75.8% vs. 38.9%, P < 0.001 for age <65 years), with higher prevalence of family history of CAD, while with a lower rate hypertension (43.4% vs. 65.9%, P < 0.001) and previous myocardial infarction (5.3% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.022). Smoker patients had lower platelet reactivity either at baseline [T0: 249 (205–285) vs. 284 (230–324), P < 0.001] or at 2 h after the LD [T2: 107 (18–279) vs. 136 (51–260), P = 0.003]. Similarly, Smoker patients experienced a lower rate of in-hospital composite adverse event of death, Re-infarction, stroke or acute kidney injury (1.6% vs. 12.4%; P≤0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that left ventricular ejection fraction at admission (OR = 0.916, 95% CI 0.865–0.969; P = 0.002), and platelet reactivity at baseline (OR = 1.013, 95% CI 1.002–1.024; P = 0.024) were independent predictors of in-hospital composite adverse event.

Conclusions

Smoker status is associated with lower platelet reactivity either at baseline or after LD and with a better short-term prognosis in STEMI patients treated by dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor or prasugrel.