bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disk shredder workflow
Authors: Soyunov A S , Demchuk E V , Myalo V V , Sabiev U K , Kuzmin D E
Published: February 2021

Tillage is the most energy-intensive process and should be aimed at the accumulation of humus and the formation of a fertile soil layer. Therefore, the development of resource-saving technological processes and technical means to stop the progressive degradation of soil from wind, water erosion and reduce operating costs is relevant. The most gentle cultivation of the soil with less energy costs allows you to perform disk implements. The cultivator working process is examined from the point of view of the power characteristics of the disk-soil. Soil cultivation is systemic in nature and is based on zonal conditions, as it should be soil-protective, energy-saving, economically viable and environmentally friendly. Fulfilment of these requirements is connected with the right choice and optimal combination of used machines. Analytical expressions are obtained that establish the dependence of the horizontal and vertical components of the drag force of a disk tillage implement as a function of the volume of the cut soil layer. The use of the research results will help industrial enterprises of agricultural machinery in the design of new tillage machines for agriculture, which will reduce the cost of manufacturing prototypes and testing them for traction resistance and quality of soil cultivation.
Methodology for assessing the energy efficiency of separating methods for wax raw materials
Authors: Ivanov Y A , Borychev S N , Byshov D N , Kashirin D E , Uspenskiy I A , Yukhin I A , Chatkin M N , Filyushin O V
Published: February 2021

The methodology for assessing the energy efficiency of operating actions during the separation of organic contaminants of wax has been developed. Promising methods of separation of media with complex types of bonds are proposed. The dependences characterizing the energy efficiency of separating methods for the wax raw materials have been determined. Mathematical models are obtained in the form of quadratic polynomials characterizing the influence of design parameters on energy characteristics. The influence of the design parameters of the device and the technological properties of the exposed materials in the form of wax raw materials on the values of active and reactive power has been proved. It has been established that the most rational measure for increasing the energy characteristics of devices for separating wax raw materials is to optimize their design and technological parameters.
Analytical determination of speed coefficient in the formula of V.P. Goryachkin for plow resistance
Authors: Vasilenko V V , Vasilenko S V
Published: February 2021

For almost all tillage implements traction resistance is calculated by the rational formula of academician V. P. Goryachkin with possible refinements of incoming parameters in accordance with the design of working bodies or operating conditions. The rational formula includes three coefficients associated with the unstable properties of the soil and the variable form of the working bodies. For this reason, the coefficients may not be the same for all tool designs and soil types. Each coefficient contributes an element of uncertainty to its ccomponent of the formula. The third component of the formula with a speed coefficient determines the part of the tractive effort to push back and turn the soil layers. The article calculates the power required for both of these actions of the working body. This power is determined by the lateral force acting on the soil layer. Lateral force analytically is associated with the tractive effort of the tractor taking into account the angle of setting of the moldboard and the coefficient of friction of the soil. This data is sufficient to compile a method for analytically calculating the speed coefficient. It turned out that it does not depend on the speed of the plough or the depth of plowing. It is influenced only by the density of the soil, the angular dimensions of the moldboard and the angle of friction on the soil. The calculated dependency graphs are given. At the usual values of the friction angle of 28-30° and the angle of inclination of the moldboard 43°, the speed coefficient is 2400 kg / m3. If we apply vibration, the friction angle is reduced to 25-26°, and the speed coefficient becomes equal to 2000 kg/m3. High-speed moldboards, having their design features, have a speed coefficient of 1700-1800 kg / m3.
Improvement of the hormonal and mineral composition of nutrient media used for in vitro regeneration of grape plants
Authors: Batukaev A A , Sobralieva E A , Palaeva D O , Batukaev M S
Published: February 2021

It was established that phytohormones have a positive effect on in vitro regeneration of grape varieties. When using standard nutrient media lacking auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins, shoot regeneration was reduced, and growth and development were inhibited. For in vitro microclonal propagation, MS agarized nutrient media, especially their modifications with 6-BAP (1.0 mg/l) for the first planting, 6-BAP (1.0 mg/l) combined with GK3 (1.0 mg/l) for the transplantation, and IAA (0.5 mg/l) for the second transplantation are optimal.
Results of CFD-simulation of a solar photovoltaic-thermal module
Authors: Strebkov D S , Filippchenkova N S
Published: February 2021

Currently, in the energy supply of agroindustrial complex facilities there is an increasing interest in the development of structures and engineering systems using renewable energy sources, including combined photovoltaic-thermal modules (PVT-modules), combining photovoltaic modules (PV-modules) and solar collectors in one design. The use of PVT-modules technology makes it possible to increase the electrical performance of solar cells due to their cooling during operation, while the use of PVT-modules integrated into the roofs and facades of buildings can significantly reduce the need for centralized electricity and heat supply. The purpose of this work is to develop a CFD model of a solar PVT module for producing an estimate of the thermal performance of a PVT module. Using the ANSYS Fluent software package, a CFD model of the PVT module was developed. The contours of the temperature distribution, the coolant pressure in the PVT module channel at different values of the coolant flow at the entrance to the PVT module were obtained. The paper presents the daily variation of thermal power and total insolation calculated using the solar calculator built into ANSYS. The verification of the developed CFD-model of the PVT-module showed the comparability of the calculated values with the data obtained analytically and experimentally - the relative error of the results was no more than ± 1%. ANSYS is an effective software package that allows simulating thermal processes in PVT-modules.
Water-evaporative cooling of sealed volumes
Authors: Shatskiy V P , Gulevsky V A , Osipov E N
Published: February 2021

The problem of cooling sealed volumes, in particular electronic equipment, with the help of counter-flow evaporative coolers of an indirect principle of operation is discussed in this paper. The equation of the heat balance of a limited volume is given according to its cooling by a closed cooling air flow. The paper presents a mathematical model of heat and mass transfer processes in counter-flow water-evaporative coolers of the indirect principle of operation, which includes parabolic and elliptic differential equations with distributed parameters, and a method for the numerical implementation of this model is also proposed. The results of the study allow concluding that it is possible to significantly reduce the temperature in sealed volumes with the help of inexpensive eco-friendly water-evaporative coolers of the indirect principle of operation.
Investigation of Buoy Hydrodynamic Damping Based on Model Testing Data Series of Indonesia Tsunami Buoy
Authors: Nugroho W.H. , Arifin  , Purnomo N.J.H. , Ali B.
Published: February 2021

Due to the recent Tsunami event in Indonesia in 2018, the Ina-TEWS program has been started again by the Indonesian Government. A new design has been manufactured and already deployed to the Indonesian water. This design is named Buoy G – 3. The tsunami early warning system (TEWS) consists of a tsunami buoy, an ocean bottom unit (OBU), a satellite and a ground station. The changes of the water pressure due to the seismic movement prior to the tsunami event will be acquired by OBU and sent the reading to the tsunami buoy by acoustic signal. Then, tsunami buoy transmits the signal to the ground station via satellite. The continuously link between OBU – Buoy – Satellite makes the buoy motions especially roll/pitch has to be restricted. Because of these the hydrodynamic motion damping assessment of this tsunami buoy becomes so important. This paper describes a hydrodynamic damping analysis for roll/pitch of the tsunami buoy that based on model testing data series of Indonesian Tsunami Buoy G-1 to G-3. The data analysis will be presented on graphics that show the aspect ratio of buoy diameter over draft (D/T) and form ratio of buoy displacement over weight of the cylindrical submerged form (Δ/W) against damping ratio (β). This study finds that by using the linear damping approximation the higher the aspect ratio D/T the larger roll/pitch damping ratio β, but also the higher ratio of Δ/W the smaller roll/pitch damping ratio β.
Porpoising instability study of the floatplane during take off operation on calm water
Authors: Aliffrananda M H N , Sulisetyono A
Published: February 2021

Floatplane is a type of airplane that can take-off and land on the surface of the water, for that it is equipped with a float that is installed under the fuselage to serve the buoyancy force. An important phenomenon that often occurs and should be avoided during a take-off operation is porpoising because it causes longitudinal instability of the float which has an impact on passenger safety and comfort. This paper describes the porpoising mechanism and the variables that can influence the occurrence of this phenomenon. The most dominant variables include the location of the longitudinal center of gravity (LCG) and the deadrise angle which are optimized by considering the take-off speed. A numerical arrangement based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques is proposed to simulate a three-dimensional fluid flow around a free-floating float in calm water. The accuracy of the simulation results shows a good fit compared to the previously published experimental and numerical results.
Comparative analysis of singlebeam and multibeam echosounder bathymetric data
Authors: Khomsin  , Pratomo D G , Saputro I
Published: February 2021

Gresik Port, East Java, is a port that has a very strategic location because there are several large industries such as the PT. Petrokimia Gresik, PT. Semen Gresik, PT. Maspion, PT. Wilmar, PT. Pelindo III, and other factories. This condition makes the need to obtain accurate necessary water information such as bathymetry. Bathymetry is an essential parameter of port management. There are currently two types of equipment used frequently to measure bathymetry, namely Singlebeam and Multibeam Echosounder (SBES and MBES). However, these two bathymetric survey instrument tools may not provide the same depth. This study compared the bathymetry data derived from MBES and SBES, collected at the same time and place. The depth comparison test between the SBES and MBES shows the Z0 of the statistical Z test is 0.018 m. This Z0 value is smaller than the Z table for the 95% confidence level, which ranges -1.96 < Z0 < 1.96. This result means that the data has a good quality within the standard 1a of the IHO SP-44 5th edition in 2008.[1] The comparison between the SBES and MBES surfaces reveals that the cut volume is greater than the fill volume, which is 21078.81 m3. This result means the SBES data has shallower average depths than the MBES data. The dredge volume difference of the SBES and the MBES data with 15 m depth as a reference is 23617 m3 inside the area 22.1 Ha. It means the dredge volume difference of 0.11 m3 per m2 or 11 cm difference depth in m2.
A tabular optimisation technique for steel lazy wave riser
Authors: Ogbeifun A. M. , Oterkus S. , Race J. , Naik H. , Moorthy D. , Bhowmik S. , Ingram J.
Published: February 2021

Steel lazy wave riser (SLWR) is derived from the simple catenary riser (SCR) by the installation of buoyancy modules on its section. Infinite SLWR configurations are possible, and this poses difficulties in determining the best configuration. However, it is possible to capture some suitable configurations which satisfy some given design criteria specific to a project. We referred to these as the optimum configurations for the problem. Several advanced optimization tools and techniques for engineering optimization are available. In this paper, we present a 2D tabular optimization method for SLWR, which is an index-based optimization technique. The approach reduces a multidimensional problem to a 2D type providing a significant reduction in the required computational resources. It combines the design variables in pairs and assigns indices to the resulting design points (configurations) for each combination. The optimum design points are then tracked through index matching using techniques such as data sorting and intersection operations. In the application of the technique to SLWR design, we set the number of design variable for the problem to three. This results in three pair of combinations of the design variables. The design variables are the apparent mass ratio, the sag bend elevation, and the arc height. The output variables of interest to be optimized include the SLWR hanging length, the smeared buoyancy section length, the smeared buoyancy thickness, the riser hang-off tension, the stress utilization and fatigue damage around the bends. Selected optimum SLWR configurations from the optimization process are subjected to an irregular wave simulation to demonstrate the suitability of the approach for such optimisation problems.
Tidal Flow Renewable Energy Potential In The Capalulu Strait
Authors: Kusuma C
Published: February 2021

The use of renewable energy that is environmentally friendly and without exhaust emissions will continue to be developed. Such as the utilization of kinetic energy from tidal currents into electrical energy with hydrokinetic turbines. The potential of the tidal current is one of the renewable energy sources given the very large majority of Eastern Indonesia is the ocean and not used optimally. The purpose of writing this paper as a reference counting tidal currents in the islands and strait Indonesia to convert electrical energy this paper calculates the potential of tidal electrical energy in the Capalulu Strait, North Maluku based on tidal stream tables. It is hoped that this paper will serve as an alternative energy source for the development of electrical energy in the province of North Maluku, especially the Sula Islands District (Sulabes, mangoli, and Taliabu) and Taliabu District.
Design of shell and tube heat exchanger for ballast water treatment applications on ships based on simulation
Authors: Iswantoro A , Semin  , Pitana T , Zaman M B
Published: February 2021

Now, environmental issues are the mostly discussed issue and become a top priority in the world. Whether it’s environmental damage or environmental pollution. The issue of pollution and damage to the environment and ecology in the region, which have an impact on living organisms, both humans, animals and plants. Environmental damage and pollution can occur on land, water, and air. With various forms of damage and pollution, the methods of handling are different. This research will focus on damage and pollution in waters as well as methods of handling and prevention, especially in marine waters. This research focuses on designing a heat exchanger by varying its types, namely shell and tube heat exchanger. From the modification of model, it will be known which one is more effective in performance. Both temperature exchange, pressure drop, flow rates, dimensions and materials are simulated by software. Where these parameters are influenced by the characteristics of the ship’s power of main engine. From 2 model of shell and tube heat exchanger that are one pass-shell and two pass-shell the result for case 1 the effectiveness are 92% & 93%, case 2 are 93% & 94% and case 3 are 94% & 95%.
Technical and Economical Analysis of Shipyard Re-Layout for Product-Oriented Work Breakdown Structure Implementation
Authors: Pribadi T W , Adam R N , Wahidi S I
Published: February 2021

The ship building method used by many shipyards in the world has led to work effectiveness and efficiency. One of them is Product-Oriented Work Breakdown Structure Concept (PWBS). PWBS belongs in group technology. In this method the parts that will be produced for ship building are categorized based on the similarity in form and production process. In Indonesia, not many shipyards have implemented this method. If a shipyard will change its production method, layout adjustments will be required. This research was conducted to analyze the technical and economic changes in the layout of the PT X with study in the case of 2 × 1800 HP tugboat. The technical analysis is done by observing the conditions of the production process and the existential shipyard layout. Furthermore, it also analyzes the investment costs to make changes of the shipyard’s layout and analyzes the feasibility value of the investment. Fabrication parts of tugboat are grouped into 4 categories, those are category A: internal parts from plate or part piece of plate, B: parallel parts, C: curved parts (bent plates) and D: shapes (miscellaneous operation). The new layout can reduce the distance of material handling in category A by 2-19%, category B by 29%, category C by 57% and category D by 2-56%. Fabrication costs are estimated to be reduced to IDR 36,152,935 and sub assembly cost reduced to IDR 27,178,200 by applying this group technology concept. Investment costs to make changes the layout is IDR 7,471,954,000. This project is worth to do with 11% IRR value and payback period will occur in the 3rd year.
Analysis of Ferry Fleet Operation Planning: A Case Study of Ujung - Kamal Ports
Authors: Wuryaningrum P. , Mustakim A. , Sodik A.M. , Permana C. B. S.
Published: February 2021

Ujung - Kamal Ports is a ferry port that connects the island of East Java with Madura Island. These ports have a distance of about 2.5 nautical miles with shipping times of approximately 30-45 minutes. Since the operation of the Suramadu Bridge in 2009, the flow of passenger and vehicle visits at the Ujung-Kamal ports has decreased. this causes shipping operators for the Ujung-Kamal ferry port to reduce fleet size and operating time. Not only that, the number of fleets operated is uncertain, this has resulted in an inconsistent schedule for ship departures. besides that, it also resulted in many passengers having to wait or be late with ship departures. This study aims to plan the optimal Ujung-Kamal ferry operation. The method used in this research is the optimization method with scedulling problem. After optimizing the number of operating vessels, 2 ships were selected. The vessels are KMP Jokotole and KMP Tongkol. the ship sailing schedule in one day is 10 and 8 trips. The minimum cost for KMP Jokotole is IDR 6.357.855 per day and for KMP Tongkol is IDR 5.615.357 per day and the total cost per day is IDR 11,973,213.
Genomic regulation of plant mating systems: flexibility and adaptative potential. A commentary on: ‘A new genetic locus for self-compatibility in the outcrossing grass species perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)’
Authors: Mable Barbara K
Published: February 2021

This article comments on:

Lucy M. Slatter, Susanne Barth, Chloe Manzanares, Janaki Velmurugan, Iain Place and Daniel Thorogood A new genetic locus for self-compatibility in the outcrossing grass species perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), Annals of Botany, Volume 127, Issue 6, 7 May 2021, Pages 715–722, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa140
Unreadiness for hospital discharge predicts readmission among cardiac patients: results from the national DenHeart survey
Authors: Rotvig Camilla , Christensen Anne Vinggaard , Rasmussen Trine Bernholdt , Borregaard Britt , Thrysoee Lars , Juel Knud , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Mols Rikke Elmose , Berg Selina Kikkenborg
Published: February 2021

Aims

Readiness for hospital discharge describes a patient’s perception of feeling prepared to leave the hospital. In mixed patient populations, readiness for hospital discharge has shown to predict readmission and mortality in the short term. The objectives of a population of men and women with cardiac diseases, were to investigate: (i) whether readiness for hospital discharge predicts readmission and mortality within 1-year post-discharge, as well as (ii) the association between ‘physical stability’, ‘adequate support’, ‘psychological ability’, and ‘adequate information and knowledge’ and readiness for hospital discharge.

Methods and results

Data from the national cross-sectional survey DenHeart were used and included patients with cardiac diseases at hospital discharge. Readiness for hospital discharge was evaluated by one self-reported question, and attributes were illuminated by Short-Form-12, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and ancillary questions. Data were combined with national registries at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Cox proportional-hazards model were used to regress readmission and mortality. The analysis included 13 114 patients (response rate: 52%). The majority responded that they felt ready for hospital discharge (95%). Feeling unready (n = 618) was a predictor of 1 year, all-cause readmission among women and men [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.74; HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.34–1.90]. No significant results were found on all-cause mortality. The four attributes were associated with unreadiness at hospital discharge.

Conclusion

Not feeling ready for hospital discharge was a predictor of increased readmission risk in women and men with cardiac disease during 1 year after hospital discharge. Four attributes were significantly impaired in patients feeling unready for hospital discharge.
Modulation effects of Dendrobium officinale on gut microbiota of type 2 diabetes model mice
Authors: Wang Sai , Li Xin-Yu , Shen Liang
Published: February 2021

In recent years, the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and gut microbiota has attracted much interest. Dendrobium officinale is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with anti-T2D potential, while its action mechanism remains to be further studied. This study was designed to investigate the modulation effects of D. officinale on gut microbiota of T2D model mice to provide clues to its pharmacology by high-throughput sequencing techniques. It was found that D. officinale supplement could significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose levels of T2D mice. Dendrobium officinale supplement could modulate the composition of gut microbiota and increase the relative abundances of key bacterial taxa associated with T2D development, including Akkermansia and Parabacteroides. Compared with placebo group mice, several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes pathways associated with T2D altered in the D. officinale treated group. These findings indicated the modulation of D. officinale on gut microbiota of T2D mice, which provide potential pharmacological implications.
Homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SLX4 is required for cell recovery from MMS-induced DNA damage in Candida albicans
Authors: Wang Yueqing , Wang Na , Liu Jia , Zhang Yaxuan , Li Xiaojiaoyang , Han Qi
Published: February 2021

SLX4 is a scaffold to coordinate the action of structure-specific endonucleases that are required for homologous recombination and DNA repair. In view of ScSLX4 functions in the maintenance and stability of the genome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have explored the roles of CaSLX4 in Candida albicans. Here, we constructed slx4Δ/Δ mutant and found that it exhibited increased sensitivity to the DNA damaging agent, methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) but not the DNA replication inhibitor, hydroxyurea (HU). Accordingly, RT-qPCR and western blotting analysis revealed the activation of SLX4 expression in response to MMS. The deletion of SLX4 resulted in a defect in the recovery from MMS-induced filamentation to yeast form and re-entry into the cell cycle. Like many other DNA repair genes, SLX4 expression was activated by the checkpoint kinase Rad53 under MMS-induced DNA damage. In addition, SLX4 was not required for the inactivation of the DNA damage checkpoint, as indicated by normal phosphorylation of Rad53 in slx4Δ/Δ cells. Therefore, our results demonstrate SLX4 plays an important role in cell recovery from MMS-induced DNA damage in C. albicans.
Evolution of Silk Anchor Structure as the Joint Effect of Spinning Behavior and Spinneret Morphology
Authors: Wolff Jonas O , Michalik Peter , Ravelo Alexandra M , Herberstein Mariella E , Ramírez Martín J
Published: February 2021

Synopsis

Spider web anchors are attachment structures composed of the bi-phasic glue-fiber secretion from the piriform silk glands. The mechanical performance of the anchors strongly correlates with the structural assembly of the silk lines, which makes spider silk anchors an ideal system to study the biomechanical function of extended phenotypes and its evolution. It was proposed that silk anchor function guided the evolution of spider web architectures, but its fine-structural variation and whether its evolution was rather determined by changes of the shape of the spinneret tip or in the innate spinning choreography remained unresolved. Here, we comparatively studied the micro-structure of silk anchors across the spider tree of life, and set it in relation to spinneret morphology, spinning behavior and the ecology of the spider. We identified a number of apomorphies in the structure of silk anchors that may positively affect anchor function: (1) bundled dragline, (2) dragline envelope, and (3) dragline suspension (“bridge”). All these characters were apomorphic and evolved repeatedly in multiple lineages, supporting the notion that they are adaptive. The occurrence of these structural features can be explained with changes in the shape and mobility of the spinneret tip, the spinning behavior, or both. Spinneret shapes generally varied less than their fine-tuned movements, indicating that changes in construction behavior play a more important role in the evolution of silk anchor assembly. However, the morphology of the spinning apparatus is also a major constraint to the evolution of the spinning choreography. These results highlight the changes in behavior as the proximate and in morphology as the ultimate causes of extended phenotype evolution. Further, this research provides a roadmap for future bioprospecting research to design high-performance instant line anchors.
Corrigendum to: An extension problem and trace Hardy inequality for the sublaplacian on H-type groups
Authors: Roncal Luz , Thangavelu Sundaram
Published: February 2021

Recently we have found a couple of errors in our paper entitled An extension problem and trace Hardy inequality for the sub-Laplacian on $H$-type groups, Int. Math. Res. Not. IMRN (2020), no. 14, 4238–4294. They concern Propositions 3.12–3.13, and Theorem 1.5, Corollary 1.6 and Remark 4.10. The purpose of this corrigendum is to point out the errors and supply necessary modifications where it is applicable.
Final analysis of a Multicenter Single-Arm Confirmatory Trial of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation after breast-conserving surgery in Japan: JCOG0906
Authors: Nozaki Miwako , Kagami Yoshikazu , Machida Ryunosuke , Nakamura Kenichi , Ito Yoshinori , Nishimura Yasumasa , Teshima Teruki , Saito Yoshihiro , Nagata Yasushi , Matsumoto Yasuo , Akimoto Tetsuo , Hiraoka Masahiro ,   Japan Clinical Oncology Group, Radiation Therapy Study Group
Published: February 2021

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated whole breast irradiation for Asian women after breast-conserving surgery. This is an updated report with 5-year follow-up.

Methods and materials

Asian women who had invasive breast cancer with clinical tumor size ≤3 cm, pN0-1c and negative inked margins were enrolled. Hypofractionated whole breast irradiation of 42.56 Gy/16 fractions was delivered, and boost irradiation of 10.64 Gy/4 fractions was added when the surgical margin was ≤5 mm. The primary endpoint was the proportion of grade ≥ 2 late adverse reactions within 3 years. Secondary endpoints included early adverse events, overall survival, disease-free survival, ipsilateral breast relapse-free survival, late adverse reactions and cosmetic outcome. Toxicities were evaluated using CTCAE ver3.0. Cosmetic outcomes were assessed using a 4-point scale and CTCAE ver3.0 for hyper/hypopigmentation, breast nipple/areolar deformity and breast volume/deformity.

Results

Between February 2010 and August 2012, 312 patients were enrolled, and 306 received hypofractionated whole breast irradiation. Median follow-up was 70.5 (range 7.6–88.9) months. The proportion of grade ≥ 2 late adverse reactions within 3 years was 4.3% (90% confidence interval 2.5–6.7%). Grade 2 early adverse events occurred in 38 (12.4%); none had grade 3/4. Five-year overall survival, disease-free survival and ipsilateral breast relapse-free survival were 98.7, 95.4 and 98.0%, respectively. Of the 304 evaluable patients, 29 (9.5%; 95% confidence interval 6.5–13.4%) had grade 2/3 late adverse reactions; none had grade 4/5. At 5 years, 70/289 (24.2%) showed any worsening of breast cosmetic changes.

Conclusions

Hypofractionated whole breast irradiation is considered a standard treatment for Asian women with margin-negative invasive breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery.
Prognostic factors and impact of surgery in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma at diagnosis: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Zhang Liuzhe , Akiyama Toru , Fukushima Takashi , Iwata Shintaro , Tsuda Yusuke , Takeshita Katsushi , Kawai Akira , Tanaka Sakae , Kobayashi Hiroshi
Published: February 2021

Background

Approximately 10% of the patients with soft tissue sarcoma show metastasis at initial diagnosis, and hence, poorer prognosis. However, the prognostic factors and whether definitive surgery for the primary lesion improves overall survival, especially when complete resection of metastasis is difficult, remain unclear.

Methods

This retrospective analysis was based on the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry in Japan. Patients with soft tissue sarcoma having metastasis at diagnosis were enrolled, excluding those with Ewing’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and several other sarcomas with unique behavior and treatment strategies. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared among the common histologic subtypes. Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression model was used to identify the prognostic factors.

Results

In total, 1184 patients were included, with a median follow-up duration of 10 months (range: 1–83). The median overall survival was 21 months (95% confidence interval: 18.2–23.8). The multivariate analyses indicated that tumor size, grade and histologic subtypes significantly correlated with overall survival. Moreover, surgery for the primary lesion, in addition to surgery for metastases and chemotherapy, showed significant association with better survival.

Conclusions

The prognostic factors in patients with metastatic soft tissue sarcoma at diagnosis are generally similar to those in patients with localized disease. The overall survival in patients differed significantly according to histologic subtype. Surgical resection of primary lesions, especially those with a wide margin, may be an independent prognostic factor. Further studies are needed identify which subgroup of patients would benefit the most from primary lesion surgery.
SNF1-related protein kinase 1: the many-faced signaling hub regulating developmental plasticity in plants
Authors: Jamsheer K Muhammed , Kumar Manoj , Srivastava Vibha
Published: February 2021

The Snf1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1) is the plant homolog of the heterotrimeric AMP-activated protein kinase/sucrose non-fermenting 1 (AMPK/Snf1), which works as a major regulator of growth under nutrient-limiting conditions in eukaryotes. Along with its conserved role as a master regulator of sugar starvation responses, SnRK1 is involved in controlling the developmental plasticity and resilience under diverse environmental conditions in plants. In this review, through mining and analyzing the interactome and phosphoproteome data of SnRK1, we are highlighting its role in fundamental cellular processes such as gene regulation, protein synthesis, primary metabolism, protein trafficking, nutrient homeostasis, and autophagy. Along with the well-characterized molecular interaction in SnRK1 signaling, our analysis highlights several unchartered regions of SnRK1 signaling in plants such as its possible communication with chromatin remodelers, histone modifiers, and inositol phosphate signaling. We also discuss potential reciprocal interactions of SnRK1 signaling with other signaling pathways and cellular processes, which could be involved in maintaining flexibility and homeostasis under different environmental conditions. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the SnRK1 signaling network in plants and suggests many novel directions for future research.
On the Consistency and Reversibility of Certain Sequences of Counterfactual Assertions
Authors: Klecha Peter
Published: February 2021

This paper is about Sobel sequences, which are sequences of counterfactuals that supposedly display two interesting properties: first, they are consistent, as accounted for by the famous Lewis-Stalnaker analysis; but second, they are not consistent in the reverse order, which is not accounted for by Lewis-Stalnaker. I argue that there has been an empirical oversight in the literature on these sequences: there are consistent sequences (which I call true Sobel sequences), and there are irreversible sequences (which I call Lewis sequences), but no sequence is both. The Lewis-Stalnaker theory neatly captures Sobel sequences, and also captures the inconsistency (in both directions) of Lewis sequences. But there is still a dynamic asymmetry at work with Lewis sequences, which I account for by appeal to the pragmatic phenomenon of imprecision. Lewis sequences seem consistent because they do not belie factual disagreements, but rather metalinguistic disagreements about how precise to be. This also accounts for their irreversibility—such metalinguistic disagreements about the standard of precision are only possible in one direction, as famously observed by Lewis (1979), who observed them in discourses not containing counterfactuals.
The GALAH survey: tracing the Galactic disc with open clusters
Authors: Spina L , Ting Y-S , De Silva G M , Frankel N , Sharma S , Cantat-Gaudin T , Joyce M , Stello D , Karakas A I , Asplund M B , Nordlander T , Casagrande L , D’Orazi V , Casey A R , Cottrell P , Tepper-García T , Baratella M , Kos J , Čotar K , Bland-Hawthorn J , Buder S , Freeman K C , Hayden M R , Lewis G F , Lin J , Lind K , Martell S L , Schlesinger K J , Simpson J D , Zucker D B , Zwitter T
Published: February 2021

Open clusters are unique tracers of the history of our own Galaxy’s disc. According to our membership analysis based on Gaia astrometry, out of the 226 potential clusters falling in the footprint of the GALactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey or the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey, we find that 205 have secure members that were observed by at least one of the surveys. Furthermore, members of 134 clusters have high-quality spectroscopic data that we use to determine their chemical composition. We leverage this information to study the chemical distribution throughout the Galactic disc of 21 elements, from C to Eu. The radial metallicity gradient obtained from our analysis is −0.076 ± 0.009 dex kpc−1, which is in agreement with previous works based on smaller samples. Furthermore, the gradient in the [Fe/H]–guiding radius (rguid) plane is −0.073 ± 0.008 dex kpc−1. We show consistently that open clusters trace the distribution of chemical elements throughout the Galactic disc differently than field stars. In particular, at the given radius, open clusters show an age–metallicity relation that has less scatter than field stars. As such scatter is often interpreted as an effect of radial migration, we suggest that these differences are due to the physical selection effect imposed by our Galaxy: clusters that would have migrated significantly also had higher chances to get destroyed. Finally, our results reveal trends in the [X/Fe]–rguid–age space, which are important to understand production rates of different elements as a function of space and time.
Endonasal Endoscopic Approach for a Psammomatous Juvenile Active Ossifying Fibroma: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Khan Nickalus R , Elarjani Turki , Crespo Jolie A , Sargi Zoukaa , Morcos Jacques J
Published: February 2021

We present the case of an 18-yr-old female with 4 mo of progressive vision loss in the left eye. She underwent a computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which revealed a large mass in the sphenoid sinus, sella, and anterior cranial fossa. This mass was T1 isointense, with heterogenous enhancement noted on T1 with gadolinium sequences. The mass was found to have calcifications and cystic portions on T2-weighted MRI scans and CT-based imaging. She underwent an endonasal endoscopic approach for resection of the mass. The tumor was found to be bloody, with islands of bone nests within the dura mater of the anterior cranial fossa. The patient improved postoperatively. The pathological diagnosis was found to be the psammomatoid variant of juvenile active ossifying fibroma (JAOF). We present the neuroimaging, anatomic nuances,
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and operative techniques used in this case. We also review the disease background of this rare lesion of the anterior skull base.
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The patient gave informed consent for the procedure and verbal consent for the publication of this article.
Family Therapy for Treating Trauma
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert  J. , Lee Mo Yee
Published: February 2021

Family Therapy for Trauma: An Integrative Family and Systems Treatment (I-FAST) Approach offers a stand-alone family therapy treatment approach for trauma, addressing a gap in the trauma treatment literature. The book outlines a flexible yet structured family therapy approach that can integrate intervention procedures from any of the evidence-based manualized trauma treatments into a family treatment framework. The authors show how this flexibility offers great advantages for engaging trauma survivors and their families into treatment, who otherwise would not cooperate with standard trauma treatment approaches. They show how tracking and utilizing client and family frames in the organizing of treatment enhances both family engagement and the healing process in general. We show the role of family interactional patterns in the perpetuation of trauma symptoms and how changing these patterns leads to the resolution of trauma symptoms. The book demonstrates how tracking and enlarging interactional exceptions plays a key role in overcoming problems related to trauma. For clients who are not interested in trauma treatment, the authors show how treatment focusing on whatever issue they are willing to address can simultaneously resolve their trauma symptoms.
Trauma and Interactional Patterns
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert J. , Lee Mo Yee
Published: February 2021

Family interactional patterns that interfere with the resolution of trauma symptoms are identified in detail. Two types of patterns are described: how family are habitually responding to trauma symptoms and how the family was structured before traumatic events occurred and their respective impact on trauma. Several case examples are offered with one or both types of patterns identified in each case.
Stories of Violence and Resilience
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert J. , Lee Mo Yee
Published: February 2021

Intense urban violence as a source of trauma is examined. Epidemiology of urban violence and its consequences for development of posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma-related difficulties is shown. Social structures and frames common in violent urban neighborhoods are described. Factors related to strengths and resiliency are identified. How to intervene on both a family and neighborhood level within integrative family and systems treatment (I-FAST) is outlined. Several stories and case examples are given.
Intergenerational Trauma
Authors: Grove David R. , Greene Gilbert J. , Lee Mo Yee
Published: February 2021

Intergenerational trauma and subsequent impairment of trauma survivors parenting of their children is explored. How to engage these parents in integrative family and systems treatment (I-FAST) and how to simultaneously help with their parenting impairments and their trauma symptoms is described. Four cases are examined in detail, covering four types of treatment situations. In Cases 1 and 2, helping a trauma survivor parent when they are requesting help for their problem teenagers, but not for their trauma-related difficulties is described. In Case 3, helping a trauma survivor mother focus directly on resolving her trauma symptoms as a method for helping her seriously impaired daughter is described. In Case 4, focusing on serious dissociative symptoms of a mother, which only developed after the successful resolution of her son’s difficulties is described.
Supporting Evidence for I-FAST Treatment of Trauma
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Wang Xiafei , Scott Pamela
Published: February 2021

This chapter describes evidence and efficacy of I-FAST as a treatment model primarily for child and adolescents with DSM diagnoses as well as families with history of intergenerational trauma. Efficacy of I-FAST was established by five published studies since 2009. These studies focus on I-FAST efficacy on child- and family-level outcomes, role of systems collaborations, and I-FAST training model. In addition, this chapter presents detailed findings of two recent studies. Chapter 3 outlined the positive impact of safe, predictable, and harmonious families on moderating the effects of trauma. Study 1 demonstrates the positive impact of I-FAST on family cohesion, family adaptability, family communication, and family satisfaction. Study 2 is an ethnographic study that demonstrates the impact of utilizing I-FAST—a strengths-based, family systems approach—when treating children who have family histories of intergenerational trauma.
All-Stars
Authors: Robin William
Published: February 2021

In 1992, Bang on a Can launched their own in-house ensemble, the All-Stars, an amplified sextet designed to take the spirit of the festival on the road. Along with building a new audience via national and international tours, the All-Stars also unlocked a new source of earned income for Bang on a Can amidst an era of declining government support. The sound and image of the extroverted ensemble facilitated a pivot in Bang on a Can’s identity, from strongly emphasizing the overcoming of stylistic divides within new music (as epitomized by the uptown–downtown binary) to instead emphasizing the blurring of genre boundaries between contemporary classical music and rock. The All-Stars also instantiated a division of labor between composers and performers that was unusual in the history of new-music ensembles and led to some significant tensions, tied to how Bang on a Can carefully positioned their new group toward the marketplace.
Epilogue
Authors: Robin William
Published: February 2021

By the early twenty-first century, new music’s marketplace turn was complete, though Bang on a Can’s journey had only begun: in the past two decades, they have received Pulitzer Prizes and grown into a multi-faced, multi-million dollar organization. The three founders began writing more large-scale works, and Bang on a Can’s marathons at the World Financial Center expanded their audience and diversified their programming. With their summer institute in the Berkshires, Bang on a Can has cultivated their ethos among a new generation of entrepreneurial composers, including the prominent indie classical scene, while American new music has grown from a fringe phenomenon to a cottage industry. But in the wake of the Great Recession, younger musicians are emerging amidst a crowded and precarious market, in which opportunities proliferate but stability remains elusive.
Finding the Path to Attitude Change on Transgender Rights
Authors: and Michelson
Published: February 2021

Access to public restrooms and transgender people serving openly in the U.S. military are the two most visible public issues related to transgender rights in recent American history. This chapter describes several randomized public opinion experiments testing how to increase public support for those policies. One experiment finds that framing transgender bathroom access as about freedom or safety does little to increase support for transgender bathroom access rights; although consistent with opposition advertising campaigns, those frames can generate significant decreases in support. Elite cues and framing of the military service issue as about equality and integrity show more promise in increasing support for transgender rights. The studies in this chapter serve as the core of Identity Reassurance Theory and its central tenets about bolstering self-esteem and finding the optimal messaging strategy to mitigate emotional reactions.
Transforming Prejudice From the Inside Out
Authors: and Michelson
Published: February 2021

The experiments presented in this book chart a path to greater comfort with and support for transgender people using Identity Reassurance Theory. The factors that drove rapid and widespread attitude change toward gay and lesbian people are simply not available to transgender people. They are a very small portion of the population and there are few (albeit increasing) positively portrayed transgender people in the media. Transgender people represent a challenge to the gender binary and can threaten men’s sense of masculinity. That said, attitudes are changing and many people are still forming their opinions. Widespread discrimination and violence are negatively affecting the lives of transgender people and there is an urgent need for shifts in public opinion and public policy. Messaging that incorporates Identity Reassurance Theory can help to generate those shifts and save the lives of vulnerable transgender people.
Holbein and the Art of the Heterogeneous Bible
Authors: Price David H.
Published: February 2021

The new diversity of Bible versions and ensuing sociopolitical upheavals presented challenges with which publishers and artists, such as Hans Holbein, had to contend. Initially receiving commissions from printers in Basel (Johannes Froben, etc.), Holbein designed art for numerous German Bibles, a French humanist translation, the first complete Bible in English (Coverdale Bible, 1535), and a host of Catholic-oriented Bible texts, including the Vulgate and Erasmus’s Bible editions. He also created the first emblem Bible, the Icons of the Old Testament, one of the most influential Bibles of the Renaissance. Holbein focused on the Bible as image and history, not as text or theology, an approach that enabled him to accommodate the heterogeneity of humanist and Reformation Bibles. With few exceptions, Holbein’s designs could be reused in Bibles with different theological agendas, an artistic efficiency that contributed to the stability of the Bible image across a wide humanist and multi-confessional spectrum.