bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerating genome editing in CHO cells using CRISPR Cas9 and CRISPy, a web‐based target finding tool
Authors: Ronda Carlotta , Pedersen Lasse Ebdrup , Hansen Henning Gram , Kallehauge Thomas Beuchert , Betenbaugh Michael J. , Nielsen Alex Toftgaard , Kildegaard Helene Faustrup
Published: May 2014

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry as a host for the production of complex pharmaceutical proteins. Thus genome engineering of CHO cells for improved product quality and yield is of great interest. Here, we demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of the CRISPR Cas9 technology in CHO cells by generating site‐specific gene disruptions in COSMC and FUT8, both of which encode proteins involved in glycosylation. The tested single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) created an indel frequency up to 47.3% in COSMC, while an indel frequency up to 99.7% in FUT8 was achieved by applying lectin selection. All eight sgRNAs examined in this study resulted in relatively high indel frequencies, demonstrating that the Cas9 system is a robust and efficient genome‐editing methodology in CHO cells. Deep sequencing revealed that 85% of the indels created by Cas9 resulted in frameshift mutations at the target sites, with a strong preference for single base indels. Finally, we have developed a user‐friendly bioinformatics tool, named “CRISPy” for rapid identification of sgRNA target sequences in the CHO‐K1 genome. The CRISPy tool identified 1,970,449 CRISPR targets divided into 27,553 genes and lists the number of off‐target sites in the genome. In conclusion, the proven functionality of Cas9 to edit CHO genomes combined with our CRISPy database have the potential to accelerate genome editing and synthetic biology efforts in CHO cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014; 111: 1604–1616. © 2014 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The optic chiasm
Authors: Kidd Desmond
Published: May 2014

The optic chiasm is formed when the optic nerves come together in order to allow for the crossing of fibers from the nasal retina to the optic tract on the other side. This enables vision from one side of both the eyes to be appreciated by the occipital cortex of the opposite side. This review makes note of the embryology, anatomy and vascular supply of the optic chiasm, then discusses the clinical syndromes associated with chiasmal disease, and the diseases which commonly influence its function. Clin. Anat. 27:1149–1158, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel design and development of advanced remote electronics experiments
Authors: Tawfik Mohamed , Monteso Santiago , Garcia‐Loro Felix , Sancristobal Elio , Ruiz Elena , Díaz Gabriel , Colmenar Santos Antonio , Peire Juan , Castro Manuel
Published: May 2014

This article reports on the design and development of a new set of remotely controlled electronics experiments oriented to postgraduates and apprentices. Industrial‐related issues are emphasized to allow understanding of the behavior of electronics components. The experiments are fully delivered online with a high level of flexibility. Remote retrieved results are provided. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:327–336, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21602
Visual fluid animation via lifting wavelet transform
Authors: Liu Shiguang , Xu Yixin , Noh Junyong , Tong Yiying
Published: May 2014

While small‐scale fluid details are crucial elements for the creation of visually pleasing fluid animations, their synthesis often requires heavy computation with traditional grid‐based fluid simulation methods. This paper proposes a novel method for enhancing the appearance of small‐scale details through frequency‐domain analysis. Different from previous work, our method detects and improves fluid details in the frequency‐domain via lifting wavelet decomposition. Based on a coarse‐to‐fine mechanism, the lifting wavelet composition first transforms the velocity in a fine grid into the frequency domain. Next, the velocity field is enhanced separately for different frequency bands. A novel velocity fusion method is developed for the enhancement of low‐frequency parts. On the other hand, high‐frequency parts are enhanced using a specially designed vorticity confinement method. Finally, the application of the inverse lifting wavelet transform determines the final velocity field with increased fine details. Our method can generate perceptually interesting fluid details, matching human visual perception theory. The results of various experiments validate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leishmanicidal Triterpenes from Lantana camara
Authors: Begum Sabira , Ayub Anjum , Qamar Zehra Syeda , Shaheen Siddiqui Bina , Iqbal Choudhary M. , Samreen
Published: May 2014

Two new natural triterpenes, lantaninilic acid and lantoic acid, along with the known triterpenes lantadene A, and oleanolic, ursolic, betulinic, lantanolic, and camaric acid, were obtained from the aerial parts of Lantana camara through bioassay‐guided isolation, monitoring the in vitro antileishmanial activity against promastigotes of Leishmania major. Oleanolic acid (3), ursolic acid (4), lantadene A (5), and lantanilic acid (7) showed significant leishmanicidal activities with IC50 values of 53.0, 12.4, 20.4, and 21.3 μM, respectively. The IC50 value of ursolic acid (4; 12.4 μM) was found to be comparable with that of the standard drugs, pentamidine (IC50 15.0 μM) and amphotericin B (IC50 0.31 μM). The in vitro activities of L. camara and its constituents against promastigotes of Leishmania major are reported here for the first time.
Garcimultiflorone G, a Novel Benzoylphloroglucinol Derivative from Garcinia multiflora with Inhibitory Activity on Neutrophil Pro‐Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Ting Chia‐Wei , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Chen Ih‐Sheng , Cheng Ming‐Jen , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Yen Ming‐Hong , Chen Jih‐Jung
Published: May 2014

A novel benzoylphloroglucinol derivative, garcimultiflorone G (1), was isolated from the fruits of Garcinia multiflora. The structure of 1 was determined through extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and MS analyses. Garcimultiflorone G (1) showed inhibitory effects against superoxide anion (O$\rm{{_{2}^{{^\cdot} -}}}$) generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to formyl‐L‐methionyl‐L‐leucyl‐L‐phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB), with IC50 values of 6.97±1.56 and 11.70±1.58 μM, respectively.
Volatile Oils from the Aerial Parts of Eremophila maculata and Their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Youssef Fadia S. , Hamoud Razan , Ashour Mohamed L. , Singab Abdel Nasser , Wink Michael
Published: May 2014

The essential oils isolated from the fresh flowers, fresh leaves, and both fresh and air‐dried stems of Eremophila maculata (Scrophulariaceae) were characterized by GC‐FID and GC/MS analyses. Sabinene was the major component in most of the oils, followed by limonene, α‐pinene, benzaldehyde, (Z)‐β‐ocimene, and spathulenol. The leaf and flower essential oils showed antibacterial and antifungal activity against five Gram‐positive and four Gram‐negative bacterial strains, multi‐resistant clinical isolates from patients, i.e., methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as two yeasts. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum microbicidal concentrations (MMCs) were between 0.25 and 4 mg/ml.
In vitro Growth Inhibition by Hypericum Extracts and Isolated Pure Compounds of Paenibacillus larvae, a Lethal Disease Affecting Honeybees Worldwide
Authors: Hernández‐López Javier , Crockett Sara , Kunert Olaf , Hammer Elfe , Schuehly Wolfgang , Bauer Rudolf , Crailsheim Karl , Riessberger‐Gallé Ulrike
Published: May 2014

The in vitro inhibitory potential of 50 extracts from various species of the flowering plant genus Hypericum was investigated using the KirbyBauer disk diffusion susceptibility test against Paenibacillus larvae, a spore‐forming, Gram‐positive bacterial pathogen that causes American foulbrood (AFB), a lethal disease affecting honeybee brood worldwide. Of the tested extracts, 14 were identified as highly active against P. larvae as compared to the activity of the positive control, indicating the presence of highly potent antibacterial compounds in the extracts. Examination of these extracts using TLC and HPLC/MS analyses revealed the presence of acylphloroglucinol and filicinic‐acid derivatives. Six pure compounds isolated from these extracts, viz., hyperforin (1), uliginosin B (2), uliginosin A (3), 7‐epiclusianone (4), albaspidin AA (5), and drummondin E (6), displayed strong antibacterial activity against the vegetative form of P. larvae (MIC ranging from 0.168–220 μM). Incubation of P. larvae spores with the lipophilic extract of Hypericum perforatum and its main acylphloroglucinol constituent 1 led to the observation of significantly fewer colony forming units as compared to the negative control, indicating that the acylphloroglucinol scaffold represents an interesting lead structure for the development of new AFB control agents.
Sub‐5 nm Pd–Ru Nanoparticle Alloys as Efficient Catalysts for Formic Acid Electrooxidation
Authors: Wu Dongshuang , Cao Minna , Shen Min , Cao Rong
Published: May 2014

Both Pd and Ru are important elements in electrochemistry. However, Pd–Ru nanoparticle (NP) alloys are rarely reported so far, owing to the limitations described by Hume‐Rothery. Herein, we successfully synthesized Pd–Ru NP alloys over the whole composition range using a facile atomic‐diffusion‐based strategy, and we carefully investigated the corresponding formation mechanism. For the first time, we confined the size of all alloy NPs at 3–5 nm, which is favorable in direct formic acid fuel cells. Experimental data indicate that the core‐level binding energy of Pd positively shifts as a result of electron transfer from Pd to Ru. Such an electronic effect can effectively tune the adsorption intensity of reactive molecules during electrocatalysis. Driven by all these effects, these Pd–Ru alloys are highly active and stable towards formic acid oxidation. Composition–activity study further indicates that Pd60Ru40 exhibits the best mass activity, which is 4.1 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C.
A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Spectroscopic Properties of a DNA‐Intercalator Salphen‐Type ZnII Complex
Authors: Biancardi Alessandro , Burgalassi Azzurra , Terenzi Alessio , Spinello Angelo , Barone Giampaolo , Biver Tarita , Mennucci Benedetta
Published: May 2014

The photophysical and DNA‐binding properties of the cationic zinc(II) complex of 5‐triethylammonium methyl salicylidene ortho‐phenylenediiminato (ZnL2+) were investigated by a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. DFT calculations were performed on both the ground and the first excited states of ZnL2+ and on its possible mono‐ and dioxidation products, both in vacuo and in selected solvents mimicked by the polarizable continuum model. Comparison of the calculated absorption and fluorescence transitions with the corresponding experimental data led to the conclusion that visible light induces a two‐electron photooxidation process located on the phenylenediiminato ligand. Kinetic measurements, performed by monitoring absorbance changes over time in several solvents, are in agreement with a slow unimolecular photooxidation process, which is faster in water and slower in less polar solvents. Moreover, structural details of ZnL–DNA binding were obtained by DFT calculations on the intercalation complexes between ZnL and the d(ApT)2 and d(GpC)2 dinucleoside monophosphate duplexes. Two main complementary binding interactions are proposed: 1) intercalation of the central phenyl ring of the ligand between the stacked DNA base pairs; 2) external electrostatic attraction between the negatively charged phosphate groups and the two cationic triethylammonium groups of the Schiff‐base ligand. Such suggestions are supported by fluorescence titrations performed on the ZnL/DNA system at different ionic strengths and temperatures. In particular, the values of the DNA‐binding constants obtained at different temperatures provided the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the binding and confirmed that two competitive mechanisms, namely, intercalation and external interaction, are involved. The two mechanisms are coexistent at room temperature under physiological conditions.
Uncatalyzed Hydroamination of Electrophilic Organometallic Alkynes: Fundamental, Theoretical, and Applied Aspects
Authors: Wang Yanlan , Latouche Camille , Rapakousiou Amalia , Lopez Colin , Ledoux‐Rak Isabelle , Ruiz Jaime , Saillard Jean‐Yves , Astruc Didier
Published: May 2014

Simple reactions of the most used functional groups allowing two molecular fragments to link under mild, sustainable conditions are among the crucial tools of molecular chemistry with multiple applications in materials science, nanomedicine, and organic synthesis as already exemplified by peptide synthesis and “click” chemistry. We are concerned with redox organometallic compounds that can potentially be used as biosensors and redox catalysts and report an uncatalyzed reaction between primary and secondary amines with organometallic electrophilic alkynes that is free of side products and fully “green”. A strategy is first proposed to synthesize alkynyl organometallic precursors upon addition of electrophilic aromatic ligands of cationic complexes followed by endo hydride abstraction. Electrophilic alkynylated cyclopentadienyl or arene ligands of Fe, Ru, and Co complexes subsequently react with amines to yield trans‐enamines that are conjugated with the organometallic group. The difference in reactivities of the various complexes is rationalized from the two‐step reaction mechanism that was elucidated through DFT calculations. Applications are illustrated by the facile reaction of ethynylcobalticenium hexafluorophosphate with aminated silica nanoparticles. Spectroscopic, nonlinear‐optical and electrochemical data, as well as DFT and TDDFT calculations, indicate a strong push–pull conjugation in these cobalticenium– and Fe– and Ru–arene–enamine complexes due to planarity or near‐planarity between the organometallic and trans‐enamine groups involving fulvalene iminium and cyclohexadienylidene iminium mesomeric forms.
Facile Electrochemical Hydrogenation and Chlorination of Glassy Carbon to Produce Highly Reactive and Uniform Surfaces for Stable Anchoring of Thiolated Molecules
Authors: Debela Ahmed M. , Ortiz Mayreli , Beni Valerio , O'Sullivan Ciara K.
Published: May 2014

Carbon is a highly adaptable family of materials and is one of the most chemically stable materials known, providing a remarkable platform for the development of tunable molecular interfaces. Herein, we report a two‐step process for the electrochemical hydrogenation of glassy carbon followed by either chemical or electrochemical chlorination to provide a highly reactive surface for further functionalization. The carbon surface at each stage of the process is characterized by AFM, SEM, Raman, attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electroanalytical techniques. Electrochemical chlorination of hydrogen‐terminated surfaces is achieved in just 5 min at room temperature with hydrochloric acid, and chemical chlorination is performed with phosphorus pentachloride at 50 °C over a three‐hour period. A more controlled and uniform surface is obtained using the electrochemical approach, as chemical chlorination is observed to damage the glassy carbon surface. A ferrocene‐labeled alkylthiol is used as a model system to demonstrate the genericity and potential application of the highly reactive chlorinated surface formed, and the methodology is optimized. This process is then applied to thiolated DNA, and the functionality of the immobilized DNA probe is demonstrated. XPS reveals the covalent bond formed to be a CS bond. The thermal stability of the thiolated molecules anchored on the glassy carbon is evaluated, and is found to be far superior to that on gold surfaces. This is the first report on the electrochemical hydrogenation and electrochemical chlorination of a glassy carbon surface, and this facile process can be applied to the highly stable functionalization of carbon surfaces with a plethora of diverse molecules, finding widespread applications.
Synthesis of Dibenzothiophenes by Pd‐Catalyzed Dual CH Activation from Diaryl Sulfides
Authors: Che Rui , Wu Zhiqing , Li Zhengkai , Xiang Haifeng , Zhou Xiangge
Published: May 2014

Palladium‐catalyzed dual CH functionalization of diaryl sulfides to form dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) by oxidative dehydrogenative cyclization is reported. This protocol afforded various DBTs in moderate to good yields with tolerance of a wide variety of substrates. Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]bis[b]benzothiophene was successfully synthesized by this method, which was used as an organic semiconductor for field‐effect transistors.
Neuroanatomical characterization of a growth hormone secretagogue receptor‐green fluorescent protein reporter mouse
Authors: Mani Bharath K. , Walker Angela K. , Lopez Soto Eduardo J. , Raingo Jesica , Lee Charlotte E. , Perelló Mario , Andrews Zane B. , Zigman Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2014

Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) 1a is the only molecularly identified receptor for ghrelin, mediating ghrelin‐related effects on eating, body weight, and blood glucose control, among others. The expression pattern of GHSR within the brain has been assessed previously by several neuroanatomical techniques. However, inherent limitations to these techniques and the lack of reliable anti‐GHSR antibodies and reporter rodent models that identify GHSR‐containing neurons have prevented a more comprehensive functional characterization of ghrelin‐responsive neurons. Here we have systematically characterized the brain expression of an enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) transgene controlled by the Ghsr promoter in a recently reported GHSR reporter mouse. Expression of eGFP in coronal brain sections was compared with GHSR mRNA expression detected in the same sections by in situ hybridization histochemistry. eGFP immunoreactivity was detected in several areas, including the prefrontal cortex, insular cortex, olfactory bulb, amygdala, and hippocampus, which showed no or low GHSR mRNA expression. In contrast, eGFP expression was low in several midbrain regions and in several hypothalamic nuclei, particularly the arcuate nucleus, where robust GHSR mRNA expression has been well‐characterized. eGFP expression in several brainstem nuclei showed high to moderate degrees of colocalization with GHSR mRNA labeling. Further quantitative PCR and electrophysiological analyses of eGFP‐labeled hippocampal cells confirmed faithful expression of eGFP within GHSR‐containing, ghrelin‐responsive neurons. In summary, the GHSR‐eGFP reporter mouse model may be a useful tool for studying GHSR function, particularly within the brainstem and hippocampus; however, it underrepresents GHSR expression in nuclei within the hypothalamus and midbrain. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3644–3666, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intrinsic Flexibility of the Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework ZIF‐7 Unveiled by CO2 Adsorption and Hg Intrusion
Authors: Pera‐Titus Marc
Published: May 2014

ZIF‐7, built as an assembly of ZnII centers and benzimidazolate ligands, shows prominent S‐shaped isotherms upon CO2 adsorption that can be attributed to sorbate‐induced gate‐opening phenomena involving a narrow‐to‐large pore phase transition. This peculiar sorption pattern can be captured via the formulation of thermodynamic isotherms, providing a direct enthalpic and entropic view of the gate‐opening process. Relying on such an approach, an energy barrier with preferential enthalpic nature for CO2 adsorption/desorption in the gate‐opening region could be unveiled. Moreover, the elastic energy involved during the gate‐opening process was revisited to 1.4–2.8 kJ mol−1 of solid in the temperature range 273–323 K, matching the value measured by isostatic compression of a ZIF‐7_lp sample filled with DMF and showing a dominant entropic contribution.
Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Perovskite Oxides: Series versus Direct Pathway
Authors: Poux Tiphaine , Bonnefont Antoine , Kéranguéven Gwénaëlle , Tsirlina Galina A. , Savinova Elena R.
Published: May 2014

The mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on LaCoO3 and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 perovskite oxides is studied in 1 M NaOH by using the rotating ring disc electrode (RRDE) method. By combining experimental studies with kinetic modeling, it was demonstrated that on perovskite, as well as on perovskite/carbon electrodes, the ORR follows a series pathway through the intermediate formation of hydrogen peroxide. The escape of this intermediate from the electrode strongly depends on: 1) The loading of perovskite; high loadings lead to an overall 4 e− oxygen reduction due to efficient hydrogen peroxide re‐adsorption on the active sites and its further reduction. 2) The addition of carbon to the catalytic layer, which affects both the utilization of the perovskite surface and the production of hydrogen peroxide. 3) The type of oxide; La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 displays higher (compared to LaCoO3) activity in the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide and in the reduction/oxidation of the latter.
A Microsized Cagelike Sulfur/Carbon Composite for a Lithium/Sulfur Battery with Excellent Performance
Authors: Wang Meiri , Zhang Yining , Zhang Hongzhang , Zhang Huamin
Published: May 2014

A sulfur/carbon composite with a hollow cagelike configuration is synthesized and employed as a lithium/sulfur battery. The material provides a hierarchical porous structure with small pores in local regions and large pores connected to each other throughout the electrode. It exhibits a good polysulfide retention ability, promotes the efficient transfer of electrons and ions, and suppresses the redistribution of active material during cycles. Thus, the battery shows an improved rate performance, as well as a superior cycling stability of 94 % capacity retention, after 100 cycles at 0.5 C.
Cluster synchronization for T–S fuzzy complex networks using pinning control with probabilistic time‐varying delays
Authors: Rakkiyappan Rajan , Sakthivel Natarajan
Published: May 2014

In this article, cluster synchronization problem for Lur'e type Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy complex networks with probabilistic time‐varying delays is considered. Pinning control strategy is proposed. The probability distribution of the time‐varying delay is considered. In terms of the probability distribution of the delays, a new type of system model with probability‐distribution‐dependent parameter matrices is proposed. Moreover, probabilistic delay is assumed to satisfy certain probability distribution and the probability of the delay takes values in some intervals. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional involving triple integral terms and using Kronecker product with convex combination technique, some sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the cluster synchronization of designed networks such that the linear feedback controller can be used to every cluster. The problem of controller design is converted into solving a series of linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of our results is verified through numerical examples and simulations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 59–77, 2015
Chitosan‐Microreactor: A Versatile Approach for Heterogeneous Organic Synthesis in Microfluidics
Authors: Basavaraju K. C. , Sharma Siddharth , Singh Ajay K. , Im Do Jin , Kim Dong‐Pyo
Published: May 2014

Microreactors have been proven to be efficient tools for a variety of homogeneous organic transformations due to their mixing efficiency, which results in very fast reactions, better heat and mass transfer, and simple scale‐up. However, in heterogeneous catalytic reactions each catalyst needs an individual substrate as support. Herein, a versatile approach to immobilize metal catalysts on chitosan as a common substrate is presented. Chitosan, accommodating many metal catalysts, is grafted onto the microchannel surface as nanobrush. The versatility, catalytic efficiency, and stability/durability of the microreactor are demonstrated for a number of organic transformations involving various metal compounds as catalysts.
Design and Functionalization of Photocatalytic Systems within Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Qian Xufang , Fuku Kojirou , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Kamegawa Takashi , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: May 2014

In the past decades, various photocatalysts such as TiO2, transition‐metal‐oxide moieties within cavities and frameworks, or metal complexes have attracted considerable attention in light‐excited catalytic processes. Owing to high surface areas, transparency to UV and visible light as well as easily modified surfaces, mesoporous silica‐based materials have been widely used as excellent hosts for designing efficient photocatalytic systems under the background of environmental remediation and solar‐energy utilization. This Minireview mainly focuses on the surface‐chemistry engineering of TiO2/mesoporous silica photocatalytic systems and fabrication of binary oxides and nanocatalysts in mesoporous single‐site‐photocatalyst frameworks. Recently, metallic nanostructures with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have been widely studied in catalytic applications harvesting light irradiation. Accordingly, silver and gold nanostructures confined in mesoporous silica and their corresponding catalytic activity enhanced by the LSPR effect will be introduced. In addition, the integration of metal complexes within mesoporous silica materials for the construction of functional inorganic–organic supramolecular photocatalysts will be briefly described.
Growth of Hierarchical 3D Mesoporous NiSix/NiCo2O4 Core/Shell Heterostructures on Nickel Foam for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Qiaobao , Chen Huixin , Wang Jiexi , Xu Daguo , Li Xinhai , Yang Yong , Zhang Kaili
Published: May 2014

We demonstrate the facile and well‐controlled design and fabrication of heterostructured and hierarchical 3D mesoporous NiSix/NiCo2O4 core/shell nanowire arrays on nickel foam through a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique combined with a simple but powerful chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The smart hybridization of NiCo2O4 and NiSix nanostructures results in an intriguing mesoporous hierarchical core/shell nanowire‐array architecture. The nanowire arrays demonstrate enhanced electrochemical performance as binder‐ and conductive‐agent‐free electrodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with excellent capacity retention and high rate capability on cycling. The electrodes can maintain a high reversible capacity of 1693 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles at 200 mA g−1. Given the outstanding performance and simple, efficient, cost‐effective fabrication, we believe that these 3D NiSix/NiCo2O4 core/shell heterostructured arrays have great potential application in high‐performance LIBs.
ADS‐B aided robust relay selection for cooperative communications in aircraft approach
Authors: Li Hua , Hua Cunqing , Chen Cailian , Guan Xinping
Published: May 2014

The ground‐to‐air communications in the aircraft approach stage suffer from multipath fading. We propose to combat this problem using cooperative communication technique. The relay selection problem is formulated to minimize the spectrum cost while preserving the signal‐to‐noise‐ratio (SNR) outage requirement of the approaching aircraft. By leveraging the position and velocity information in the automatic dependent surveillance‐broadcast messages, the average channel gains can be derived with uncertainty sets based on the Ricean channel model. Because the outage probability of the received SNR is intractable, we transform the outage constraint into a simple but efficient reliability requirement. The formulated problem is a mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem, with robustness in the worst‐case average SNR. A robust greedy relay selection algorithm is proposed as a solution, whereby a Kalman filter based trace prediction algorithm is adopted to determine the order of relays. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sampling from social network to maintain community structure
Authors: Tong Chao , Niu Jianwei , Xie Zhongyu , Peng Fu
Published: May 2014

The research of network community structure based on a large number of complex network datasets is becoming popular in recent years. For the limit of existing computing capabilities and other conditions, such a large network data processing is becoming one of the hardest issues, so sampling algorithm research has become a new hot spot in network data analysis. Based on the needs of network structure research, in this paper, we propose an improved forest fires algorithm, which can not only decrease the scale of network data but also maintain the previous network community structure well. We define two concepts, namely ‘community degree’ and ‘center of community’ in the algorithm. Then the algorithm was applied on five datasets. In order to make it convenient for the comparison between our sampling algorithm and the other six sampling algorithms under different parameters, we use network community profile and Kolmogorov–Smirno D statistics to judge the consistency between the sample and the previous graph. Experiment results show that the improved algorithm is better than the other six sampling algorithms under most of the parameters. The efficiency and feasibility of the modified algorithm is also validated. Finally, we give the recommended values of different parameters. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complex papillary hyperplasia of the endometrium: An uncommon case report with cytopathological features and diagnostic implications
Authors: Rekhi Bharat , Menon Santosh , Maheshwari Amita
Published: May 2014

Papillary proliferations of the endometrium, without atypia have been uncommonly documented, including on cytology specimens. Herein, we present an uncommon case of a 55‐year‐old obese lady, on antihypertensive medications, who presented with history of irregular perimenopausal bleeding. A year ago, she was diagnosed with simple cystic hyperplasia on dilation and curettage specimen. Presently, she underwent endometrial aspiration. Cytology smears were prepared from the collected tissue specimen that was further submitted for histopathological analysis. Although the smears were initially diagnosed as negative for malignancy, the tissue sections were reported as a uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC). Review of the smears revealed prominent overlapping clusters and papillary arrangements of relatively banal endometrial cells exhibiting focal metaplasia. Histopathology sections confirmed diagnosis of complex papillary hyperplasia (CPH). Immunohistochemical (IHC) stains reinforced this impression with diffuse estrogen receptor positivity, low Ki‐67/MIB1, and lack of diffuse p53 immunostaining. Subsequent hysterectomy, at the time of intraoperative consultation showed a small residual focus of CPH, restricted to endometrium with intramural leiomyomas and adenomyosis.

This case is presented to highlight the fact that despite lack of significant atypia, cytological features like overlapping, clustering, and papillary formations are indicators of papillary lesions of the endometrium, including CPH, especially in postmenopausal women. On histopathology, in spite of conspicuous papillary formations, lack of significant nuclear pleomorphism, and tumor invasion are helpful features in avoiding an overdiagnosis of UPSC in such cases. IHC stains are supportive. Correct identification has significant therapeutic implications. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:163–168. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome components in children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pinhas‐Hamiel Orit , Levek‐Motola Noa , Kaidar Kfir , Boyko Valentina , Tisch Efrat , Mazor‐Aronovitch Kineret , Graf‐Barel Chana , Landau Zohar , Lerner‐Geva Liat , Frumkin Ben‐David Rachel
Published: May 2014

Background

We aimed to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and to assess the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components.

Methods

The study cohort comprised 326 (168 women) consecutive patients aged 5 to 30 years diagnosed with T1DM and followed up in the Juvenile Diabetes Clinic, Maccabi Health Care Services. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, presence of additional diseases, other medications, HbA1c, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were obtained.

Results

The mean age in the study group was 18.5 ± 6.0 years, and the mean diabetes duration was 8.7 ± 5.0 years. Mean HbA1c level was 8.1 ± 1.3%. Nineteen per cent of the study population was overweight (85th > body mass index < 95th percentile) and 5.2% was obese (body mass index ≥ 95th percentile). Female patients aged 15 ≤ 18 and 18 ≤ 25 years were significantly overweight compared with healthy Israeli women in the same age groups, 33.3% versus 12.7% and 26.3% versus 7.8%, respectively, p < 0001. There were no obese female patients in the 15 ≤ 18 age group. Among the men in all age groups, there was no difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity compared with healthy men in the general population. There was no difference in the age of onset, disease duration, HbA1c levels, treatment with anti‐depressants and associated morbidities between the normal weight, overweight and obese groups. Obese patients had lower levels of HDL and increased prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions

Overweight but not obesity was more prevalent in women with T1DM. Metabolic syndrome and its components were more prevalent among overweight and obese individuals with T1DM than among normal weight individuals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of a period of intense exercise on the marker approach to detect growth hormone doping in sports
Authors: Voss Sven Christian , Robinson Neil , Alsayrafi Mohammed , Bourdon Pitre C. , Schumacher Yorck Olaf , Saugy Martial , Giraud Sylvain
Published: May 2014

The major objective of this study was to investigate the effects of several days of intense exercise on the growth hormone marker approach to detect doping with human growth hormone (hGH). In addition we investigated the effect of changes in plasma volume on the test. Fifteen male athletes performed a simulated nine‐day cycling stage race. Blood samples were collected twice daily over a period of 15 days (stage race + three days before and after). Plasma volumes were estimated by the optimized CO Rebreathing method. IGF‐1 and P‐III‐NP were analyzed by Siemens Immulite and Cisbio Assays, respectively. All measured GH 2000 scores were far below the published decision limits for an adverse analytical finding. The period of exercise did not increase the GH‐scores; however the accompanying effect of the increase in Plasma Volume yielded in essentially lower GH‐scores. We could demonstrate that a period of heavy, long‐term exercise with changes in plasma volume does not interfere with the decision limits for an adverse analytical finding. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for binge eating and purging eating disorders: Differences based on age of onset
Authors: Allen Karina L. , Byrne Susan M. , Oddy Wendy H. , Schmidt Ulrike , Crosby Ross D.
Published: May 2014

Objective

To (1) determine whether childhood risk factors for early onset binge eating and purging eating disorders also predict risk for later‐onset binge eating and purging disorders, and (2) compare the utility of childhood and early adolescent variables in predicting later‐onset disorders.

Method

Participants (N = 1,383) were drawn from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, which has followed children from pre‐birth to age 20. Eating disorders were assessed when participants were aged 14, 17, and 20. Risk factors for early onset eating disorders have been reported previously (Allen et al., J Am Acad Child Psychiat, 48, 800–809, 2009). This study used logistic regression to determine whether childhood risk factors for early onset disorders, as previously identified, would also predict risk for later‐onset disorders (n = 145). Early adolescent predictors of later‐onset disorders were also examined.

Results

Consistent with early onset cases, female sex and parent‐perceived child overweight at age 10 were significant multivariate predictors of binge eating and purging disorders with onset in later adolescence. Eating, weight, and shape concerns at age 14 were also significant in predicting later‐onset disorders. In the final stepwise multivariate model, female sex and eating, weight, and shape concerns at age 14 were significant in predicting later‐onset eating disorders, while parent‐perceived child overweight at age 10 was not.

Discussion

There is overlap between risk factors for binge eating and purging disorders with early and later onset. However, childhood exposures may be more important for early than later onset cases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:802–812)
Copper Complexes of N‐Donor Ligands as Artificial Nucleases
Authors: Wende Christian , Lüdtke Carsten , Kulak Nora
Published: May 2014

This microreview summarizes recent research in the field of artificial nucleases, in particular those based on copper(II) in an N‐donating ligand environment. This review is divided into three parts describing different ligand classes that have shown promising results in DNA cleavage chemistry: aromatic N‐donors, aliphatic N‐donors, and peptide ligands. Whereas nature has created very efficient nucleases, artificial nucleases aim at different selectivities and higher stability under various conditions. Artificial nucleases based on metal complexes comprise Lewis acidic or redox‐active metal centers allowing for either hydrolytic or oxidative DNA cleavage. The focus of our research and thus also of this microreview is copper, whose CuII ion combines both properties. Depending on the ligand scaffold and reaction conditions, either pathway or even both are thus conceivable. Those different pathways lead to molecular biological and medicinal applications.
Supramolecular Control of Biomimetic Coordination – ZnII Cavity Complexes Presenting Two Differentiated Labile Sites in cis Positions
Authors: Gout Jérôme , Rat Stéphanie , Bistri Olivia , Reinaud Olivia
Published: May 2014

A supramolecular approach to model the active sites of metalloenzymes is to associate a cavity with a tripodal coordination core. One key feature of many enzymes is the possible binding of two different ligands in cis positions relative to each other, which has not yet been described for cavity complexes. Here, the bowl shape of resorcinarene allows such a coordination environment for ZnII complexes. A detailed NMR study with various carboxylic acids evidences size‐, shape‐, and, thus, regioselectivity for carboxylate coordination in the endo position, the exo position, or both. The coordination of diketonates unambiguously demonstrates the relative cis position of the two labile sites present in the tris(imidazole)zinc(II) bowl complex. An interesting intramolecular exchange process was also observed. Finally, a comparison with calix[6]arene‐based complexes (so‐called funnel complexes) further highlights the key role of the cavity in the control of properties of the metal ion.
Impact of surgical excision of lesions on pain in a rat model of endometriosis
Authors: Alvarez P. , Giudice L.C. , Levine J.D.
Published: May 2014

Background

Chronic pain is the most common and disabling feature of endometriosis. Surgical excision of endometriosis lesions provides relief but pain relapse is common. Studies in a preclinical model of endometriosis might help to unravel the role of the ectopic lesions as the source of pain. Thus, we evaluated the impact of lesion excision on mechanical hyperalgesia in a preclinical model of endometriosis pain.

Methods

Endometriosis was induced by implanting autologous uterine tissue onto the gastrocnemius muscle. Surgical excision or aspiration drainage of the cystic lesion was performed at different times post‐implant and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed at the site of the lesion.

Results

Lesions at 2, 8 and 16 weeks post‐implant produced mechanical hyperalgesia of similar magnitude (n = 6/group). Excision of lesions (n = 6/group) produced a longer inhibition, with a magnitude and time course depending upon the timing of excision. Excision at 2 and 8 weeks produced a rapid onset marked attenuation of hyperalgesia, which returned to pre‐excision values by post‐surgical week 3. In contrast, excision of the lesion at 16 weeks produced a peak of inhibition of hyperalgesia 2 weeks post‐excision, but then the inhibition was sustained. Aspiration of fluid from cysts in the lesions briefly attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia (n = 6/group).

Conclusions

In this preclinical model, we demonstrate that endometriosis pain is alleviated by surgical excision of the ectopic lesion or drainage of its cysts, providing support for the clinical observation that endometriosis pain is dependent upon the ongoing presence of the lesions.
A well‐balanced explicit/semi‐implicit finite element scheme for shallow water equations in drying–wetting areas
Authors: Zhao Lanhao , Guo Bowen , Li Tongchun , Avital E. J. , Williams J. J. R.
Published: May 2014

Numerical solutions of the shallow water equations can be used to reproduce flow hydrodynamics occurring in a wide range of regions. In hydraulic engineering, the objectives include the prediction of dam break wave propagation, fluvial floods and other catastrophic flooding phenomena, the modeling of estuarine and coastal circulations, and the design and optimization of hydraulic structures. In this paper, a well‐balanced explicit and semi‐implicit finite element scheme for shallow water equations over complex domains involving wetting and drying is proposed. The governing equations are discretized by a fractional finite element method using a two‐step Taylor–Galerkin scheme. First, the intermediate increment of conserved variable is obtained explicitly neglecting the pressure gradient term. This is then corrected for the effects of pressure once the pressure increment has been obtained from the Poisson equation. In order to maintain the ‘well‐balanced’ property, the pressure gradient term and bed slope terms are incorporated into the Poisson equation. Moreover, a local bed slope modification technique is employed in drying–wetting interface treatments. The proposed model is well validated against several theoretical benchmark tests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent MYOD1 mutations in pediatric and adult sclerosing and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcomas: Evidence for a common pathogenesis
Authors: Agaram Narasimhan P. , Chen Chun‐Liang , Zhang Lei , LaQuaglia Michael P. , Wexler Leonard , Antonescu Cristina R.
Published: May 2014

Sclerosing and spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) are rare types of RMS recently reclassified as a stand‐alone pathologic entity, separate from embryonal RMS (ERMS). Although sclerosing and spindle cell RMS share clinical and morphologic features, a pathogenetic link based on shared molecular alterations has not been established. Spindle cell RMS in children have been associated with a less aggressive clinical course compared to adults. Recently, recurrent MYOD1 mutations were described in 44% of adult spindle cell RMS, but no pediatric tumors or sclerosing RMS were studied for comparison. Thus, we investigated 16 RMS (5 sclerosing and 11 spindle cell) in children and adults for the presence of MYOD1 mutations by targeted Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Remarkably, all 5 sclerosing RMS and 4 of 11 spindle cell RMS showed the MYOD1 p.L122R hot‐spot mutation. Of the five pediatric tumors, 2/2 sclerosing RMS and 2/3 spindle cell RMS showed MYOD1 mutations. Three of nine MYOD1‐mutant RMS showed coexistent PIK3CA mutations, while no MDM2 amplifications were identified. All four pediatric MYOD1‐mutated RMS patients died of the disease at 12–35 months following diagnosis. In conclusion, spindle cell and sclerosing RMS show recurrent MYOD1 mutations, in keeping with a single pathologic entity, regardless of age at presentation. This group however, is distinct from the infantile RMS associated with NCOA2 fusions. Although our study suggests that pediatric MYOD1‐mutant RMS follow an aggressive behavior with high mortality, further studies are required to confirm this finding. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of hypofractionated stereotactic body reirradiation in head and neck cancer: Long‐term follow‐up of a large series
Authors: Kress Marie‐Adele S. , Sen Neilayan , Unger Keith R. , Lominska Christopher E. , Deeken John F. , Davidson Bruce J. , Newkirk Kenneth A. , Hwang Jimmy , Harter K. William
Published: May 2014

Background

The purpose of this study was to report long‐term outcomes for a large cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who underwent stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) reirradiation.

Methods

From 2002 to 2011, 85 patients with previously irradiated HNSCC were treated with SBRT to 94 lesions. Some underwent surgery (29%), and many were treated with induction, concurrent, and/or adjuvant chemotherapy or biologic therapy (70%).

Results

Reirradiation occurred at a median interval from initial radiotherapy (RT) of 32 months. Median follow‐up for survivors was 17.3 months. Two‐year Kaplan–Meier estimates of overall survival (OS) and locoregional control for patients and lesions treated with curative intent were 24% and 28%, respectively. Interval from initial RT to SBRT of 2 years or more was associated with improved OS (p = .019). Five patients had grade 3 or higher late toxicity (5.9%).

Conclusion

SBRT reirradiation results in limited toxicity. Further research is needed to refine optimal roles for SBRT and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) reirradiation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1403–1409, 2015
Unknown primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Trosman Samuel , Chute Deborah , Wood Benjamin , Lamarre Eric
Published: May 2014

Background

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor. The majority of MECs occur in major or intraoral minor salivary glands. Herein, we present a case of MEC metastatic to cervical lymph nodes with an unknown primary site and discuss diagnostic and treatment options.

Methods and Results

The patient was a 43‐year‐old man who presented with a large right‐sided neck mass. Excisional biopsy demonstrated MEC involving multiple lymph nodes. Subsequent positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and multiple biopsies of potential primary sites failed to localize the primary tumor. The patient was treated with radiation to the ipsilateral neck and parotid/submandibular glands and has no evidence of disease 1 year after completion of treatment.

Conclusion

MEC presenting as cervical lymph node metastasis with an undiagnosed primary site is extremely rare. We report results of our literature review and provide a rationale for our experience in treating unknown primary MEC. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E22‐E25, 2015
New Antiproliferative Tricyclic Sesquiterpenoid from the Leaves of Ocimum sanctum
Authors: Singh Deepika , Kumar Chaudhuri Prabir , Darokar Mahendra P.
Published: May 2014

A new tricyclic sesquiterpenoid 2‐(hydroxymethyl)‐5,5,9‐trimethyltricyclo[7.2.0.03,6]undecan‐2‐ol (1), was identified from the leaves of Ocimum sanctum, and its structure was elucidated by extensive NMR and ESI‐MS analyses. Compound 1 was found to have potent antiproliferative activity against the MCF‐7 cell line.