bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regspraak: Aanspraak op opbrengs van lewensversekering van versekerde lewe getroud in gemeenskap van goed
Authors: Reinecke MFB , Sonnekus JC
Published: May 2023

In the case under discussion the insured two weeks before his death took out a large life policy on his own life. At the time of his death he was married in community of property to his wife. The Gauteng local division was called upon to decide whether or not the proceeds of the life policy fell into the joint estate of the spouses. The decision of the court was that the proceeds did not fall into the joint estate because it was paid after the joint estate was dissolved by the death of the spouse. The court relied on a few prior decisions to the same effect. After an analysis of the principles involved we suggest that the proceeds should in principle form part of the spouses’ former joint estate. The life insurance policy was concluded during the subsistence of the marriage in community of property. The policy conferred on the insured the right to the sum insured on his death. This right vested on conclusion of the contract, although it was subject to a time clause and it became enforceable only upon the death of the life insured. It is not a fictitious but an existing right which is capable of being ceded. This right falls into the joint estate: it was created by the policy prior to the death of the spouse and consequently prior to the dissolution of the marriage in community of property. There was indeed no other estate into which this right could have fallen. This means that the spouses were equally entitled to and liable under the contract of insurance. It was, so to speak, a debt due to the former joint estate. Hence each spouse must in principle receive one half of the death benefit. The issue involved has not yet been finally laid to rest, although the supreme court of appeal approvingly referred to the decisions on which the court in the Maqubela case relied. The widow of the late insured also claimed that since the deceased left no will, she was entitled to inherit from her late husband’s estate as an intestate heir. The question arose whether she was entitled to benefit from the death of her husband. This aspect is not dealt with in the present discussion but in a separate article (Sonnekus “Gierigheid is die wortel van alle kwaad” 2023 TSAR 175).
Regspraak: An improper application of the proper purpose of directors’ powers to authorise and issue shares?
Authors: Van der Linde Kathleen , Stevens Darren
Published: May 2023

Direkteure se uitoefening van hul nuutgevonde bevoegdhede om ’n maatskappy se aantal gemagtigde aandele te verhoog, is in CDH Invest NV v Petrotank South Africa (Pty) Ltd (2019 4 SA 436 (HHA)) deur die hoogste hof van appèl in oënskou geneem. Die appèlhof het die uitspraak van die hof a quo bekragtig en beslis dat direkteure hierdie magte te goeder trou, in die beste belang van die maatskappy en vir ’n behoorlike doel moet uitoefen, soos hul vertrouenspligte vereis. Die betrokke maatskappy het meer aandele “uitgereik” as die aantal aandele wat deur sy akte gemagtig is en die direksie het die probleem probeer oplos deur die aantal gemagtigde aandele agterna te vermeerder. Die skrywers voer aan dat die howe onvoldoende aandag gegee het aan die beginsel dat fidusiêre pligte aan die maatskappy verskuldig is eerder as aan individuele aandeelhouers. Die hof het ook nie die magtiging van verdere aandele en die potensiële toekomstige uitreiking daarvan, wat afsonderlike magte met afsonderlike doeleindes en gevolge is, behoorlik onderskei nie. ’n Verdere probleem is dat die direkteure se werklike doel vergelyk is met hul bedrieglik verklaarde oogmerk in plaas daarvan om dit te vergelyk met die objektiewe behoorlike doel waarvoor die bevoegdheid verleen is. Die uitsprake ignoreer die uitdruklike statutêre gevolge van ’n uitreiking wat die aantal gemagtigde aandele oorskry, insluitend dat die uitreiking ’n nietigheid is en die aandelesertifikate en inskrywings in die aandeleregister nietig is. Sodra die tydsensitiewe geleentheid tot terugwerkende magtiging ingevolge artikel 36(2) van die Maatskappywet afgeloop is, kan nóg die direksie nóg ’n hof die ongeldigheid van die uitreiking regstel. Dit is waarom die wysiging wat in die konsep maatskappywysigingswetsontwerp van 2021 beoog word om ’n hof in staat te stel om ’n onreëlmatige uitreiking en toewysing van aandele te bekragtig, ’n welkome toevoeging tot die wet sal wees. Totdat daardie oplossing egter ingevoer is, kan enige poging om ’n ongeldige uitreiking deur die agterdeur reg te stel egter nie ’n behoorlike doel daarstel nie. Ander maatskappyregtelike kwessies wat deur die feite van hierdie saak geopper word, word kortliks oorweeg. Die skrywers stel voor dat die onderdrukkingsremedie in artikel 163 ’n beter oplossing vir die minderheidsaandeelhouer se besware kon bied omdat dit ’n oorweging behels van die belange van ’n aandeelhouer eerder as die maatskappy se beste belange. Ten slotte word aan die hand gedoen dat die bevoegdhede wat aan die direksie verleen is om aandele te magtig en uit te reik, behou moet word omdat dit eerstens onderhewig is aan direkteure se vertrouensverpligting en tweedens omdat beide hierdie magte deur die aandeelhouers beperk kan word by wyse van gepaste bepalings van die akte van die maatskappy.
Regspraak: Image rights in Kenya
Authors: Thutse Legodi , Cornelius Steve
Published: May 2023

Kenia is ’n land wat al op verskeie terreine vele bekendes opgelewer het. Hulle is veral welbekend vir die wêreldklas middel- en langafstandatlete wat hulle oplewer. Dit sou daarom nie vreemd wees nie, indien bemarkers sou poog om die gelykenisse van bekende persone te gebruik in hulle bemarkingsveldtogte. Dit sou egter nie ’n Olimpiese atleet of ander beroemde persoon wees wat sou poog om die reg op identiteit in hierdie verband te beskerm nie. Inteendeel, dit sou ’n nederige motorfietsafleweringsbestuurder wees wat ’n finansiële instelling tot orde sou roep omdat hulle sonder toestemming sy foto in hulle bemarkingsmateriaal gebruik het. Alhoewel die Keniaanse deliktereg gegrond is op die Engelse law of torts, vermy die hof in die Rafiki– saak die enge benadering van die Engelse howe, waarvolgens die ongemagtigde gebruik van iemand se beeld vir bemarking slegs ’n eisoorsaak daarstel indien dit sou neerkom op aanklamping. Die Keniaanse hof wend hom veel eerder tot die Suid-Afrikaanse reg en steun vir gesag op die uitsprake van die Suid-Afrikaanse howe in Grütter v Lombard (2007 4 SA 89 (HHA)) en W v Atoll Media (Pty) Ltd (2010 4 All SA 548 (WKK)). Die hof in die Rafiki-saak beslis dat die ongemagtigde gebruik van sy foto ’n skending is van sy reg op privaatheid, soos vervat in artikel 31 van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Kenia. Voorts bevind die hof, met verwysing na die uitspraak van die Suid-Afrikaanse konstitusionele hof in MM v MN (2013 4 SA 415 (KH)), dat die ongemagtigde gebruik van sy foto ook ’n skending is van sy reg op menswaardigheid soos vervat in artikel 28 van die Keniaanse grondwet. Op hierdie wyse ontwikkel howe in Afrika-lande pragmatiese oplossings wat die individu teen uitbuiting beskerm. Die beginsels wat aldus neergelê word, vergelyk goed met die omvattende beskerming wat in verskeie Amerikaanse deelstate teen ongemagtigde gebruik van iemand se beeld in bemarkingsmateriaal verleen word.
Boekbesprekings: Mtendeweka Owen Mhango, Ntombizozuko Dyani-Mhango and Mothepa Ndumo: Pensions Law & Death Benefits – Law, Practice and Policy Harmonisation in the Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Authors: Vanrenen-Linford Evette
Published: May 2023

None
An analysis of the preclusion rule in documentary credit practice with specific reference to the position of nominated and confirming banks
Authors: Hugo Charl , Lupton Cayle
Published: May 2023

’n Dokumentêre kredietbrief (ook bekend as ’n kredietbrief) is ’n betaalmetode wat wyd in internasionale handelstransaksies gebruik word. Die hoofpartye tot ’n dokumentêre kredietbrief is die aansoeker (tipies die koper in die handelstransaksie), die begunstigde (verkoper) en die uitreikingsbank. Weens die internasionale aard van die transaksie kan verdere banke egter betrokke raak, insluitend ’n genomineerde bank en ’n bevestigende bank. Betaling in dokumentêre kredietpraktyk kan op verskeie maniere gereël word. In alle gevalle spruit dit egter voort uit die aanbieding van dokumente in ooreenstemming met die vereistes van die dokumentêre kredietbrief. Die aanbieder van die dokumente kan die begunstigde van die dokumentêre kredietbrief wees, of dit kan ’n genomineerde of bevestigende bank wees. Wanneer ’n bank dokumente ontvang (of dit nou die uitreikende bank, genomineerde bank of bevestigende bank is) moet dit die dokumente ondersoek om te bepaal of dit aan die vereistes voldoen. Indien die dokumente nie daaraan voldoen nie, kan die bank weier om te betaal. So ’n weiering moet by wyse van ’n kennisgewing van weiering aan die aanbieder van die dokumente gekommunikeer word. Voorgaande blyk uit die internasionale reëls wat altyd kredietbriewe beheer, naamlik die Eenvormige Gebruike en Praktyke vir Dokumentêre Krediete wat deur die bankkommissie van die Internasionale Kamer van Koophandel geformuleer is. Die reëls gaan egter verder en maak voorsiening vir ’n sogenaamde “uitsluitingsreël” wat in wese inhou dat, indien ’n bank nie sy weiering binne die gespesifiseerde tyd aan die aanbieder meedeel nie, die bank verhinder word om te beweer dat die dokumente nie voldoen aan die vereistes vir aanbieding nie. In sodanige geval is die bank aanspreeklik teenoor die begunstigde van die dokumentêre krediet ten spyte van die onvoldoende aanbieding. In gevalle waar op die uitsluitingsreël deur die begunstigde vir betaling onder die dokumentêre krediet staatgemaak word, kan die reël relatief maklik toegepas word. Dit raak egter problematies wanneer daarop staatgemaak word deur ’n genomineerde of bevestigende bank wat terugbetaling van ’n uitreikende bank soek vir ’n betaling wat deur die genomineerde of bevestigende bank aan die begunstigde van die dokumentêre kredietbrief gemaak is. Die outeurs ondersoek hierdie kwessie teen die agtergrond van ’n stel feite wat onlangs in Suid-Afrika na vore gekom het.
Caveat petitor. Must a business rescue practitioner pay costs of liquidation de bonis propriis?
Authors: O’Brien Patrick , Calitz Juanitta
Published: May 2023

’n Sakereddingspraktisyn is verplig om aansoek by die hof te doen om die likwidasie van die maatskappy indien dit blyk dat daar nie meer ’n redelike vooruitsig is om die maatskappy te red nie. Wanneer sakeredding daardie stadium bereik, is die kanse goed dat die sakereddingspraktisyn ’n skuldeiser van die maatskappy is vir onbetaalde fooie en uitgawes. ’n Skuldeiser wat aansoek by die hof doen om die likwidasie van ’n maatskappy, moet ’n bydrae maak om die likwidasiekoste te delg indien die verkoop van die bates van die maatskappy nie voldoende vrye oorskot oplewer om dit te betaal nie. Daar is ook ’n goeie kans dat die verkoop van die bates van die maatskappy nie voldoende vrye oorskot sal oplewer om die likwidasiekoste te delg nie. Met hierdie bydrae oorweeg die outeurs of dit beteken dat die sakereddingspraktisyn wat ook ’n skuldeiser van die maatskappy in sakeredding is ’n bydrae (effektief de bonis propriis) moet maak om die likwidasiekoste te delg. Dié regsvraag word beheers deur die Insolvensiewet van 1936, die Maatskappywet van 1973 en die Maatskappywet van 2008. Die tersake statutêre bepalings is nie met mekaar belyn ten einde die regsvraag sonder teenspraak te beantwoord nie. Die korrekte vertolking van die wetgewing word oorweeg aan die hand van wat hedendaags die geykte benadering van die Suid-Afrikaanse reg is dat vertolking dieselfde gewig moet verleen aan die teks, konteks, en oogmerk van die wetgewing wat gelyktydig oorweeg moet word, samelopend met die grondwetlike oorwegings. Die outeurs doen na oorweging van hierdie faktore aan die hand dat die sakereddingspraktisyn nie ’n bydrae moet maak om ’n tekort aan te vul om likwidasiekoste te delg indien die aansoek qua sakereddingspraktisyn gebring word om likwidasie van die maatskappy nie. Die sakereddingspraktisyn voldoen met so ’n aansoek aan ’n statutêre verpligting en bring dit nie om ’n verpligting van die maatskappy jeens die sakereddingspraktisyn as skuldeiser af te dwing nie. ’n Teenstrydige vertolking sal ’n bykomstige hindernis plaas in die evaluering van die potensiële keuses om sakeredding na te streef. Dit sal, teenstrydig met die openbare belang, sakereddingspraktisyns afskrik om aanstellings te aanvaar en hulle aanmoedig om voort te ploeter met sakeredding nieteenstaande die feit dat objektief dit geen vooruitsig op sukses het nie.
Aantekeninge: An analysis of the right of a Muslim widow to claim maintenance in terms of section 1 of the Maintenance of Surviving Spouses Act 27 of 1990
Authors: Abduroaf Muneer , Moosa Najma
Published: May 2023

In hierdie aantekening ontleed die outeurs eerstens die reg van ’n Moslemweduwee om ’n onderhoudseis teen haar oorlede man se boedel in te stel ooreenkomstig artikel 1 van die Wet op Onderhoud van Langslewende Gades 27 van 1990 in die geval waar die egpaar nie ’n burgerlike huwelik aangegaan het nie, maar slegs ooreenkomstig ’n huwelikskontrak (nikah) ingevolge Moslemreg (Sharia) getroud was. Tweedens word die vraag na die regsgeldigheid van sodanige eis ingevolge Moslemreg ontleed. Hierdie ontleding berus op die feite wat blyk uit ’n ongeredigeerde weergawe van die onlangse Wes-Kaapse hooggeregshof-uitspraak LB v FNB Trust Services (Pty) Ltd NO wat op 27 September 2022 gelewer is. Hierdie saak handel oor die geval waar ’n Moslemweduwee in effek onterf is deurdat die oorledene haar nie as ’n testamentêre begunstigde aangewys het nie. Terwyl sodanige onterwing deur die Suid-Afrikaanse reg se onderskrywing van testeervryheid toegelaat word, word hierdie vryheid ingevolge Moslemreg beperk in soverre sekere verpligte testamentêre begunstigdes aangewys word aan wie ’n vaste, nie-diskresionêre gedeelte van ’n nalatenskap toegewys moet word. Die vroue in ’n poligame huwelik word hierby ingesluit (Koran, hfst 4 vers 12). Die betrokke weduwee het beweer dat sy ten tye van die oorledene se afsterwe steeds sy vrou in ’n poligame Moslemhuwelik was. Hierdie aantekening bestaan uit agt afdelings. Afdeling een bevat ’n oorsig van die aantekening en afdeling twee verskaf die feite-grondslag met betrekking tot die uitspraak. Afdeling drie ontleed die reg van ’n Moslemweduwee om ingevolge die Suid-Afrikaanse reg onderhoud van haar oorlede man se boedel te eis. Ooreenkomstig Moslemreg is ’n weduwee hoegenaamd nie geregtig op ’n onderhoudseis teen haar man se boedel nie, maar beskik sy wel oor die reg om as legitimaris en ’n verpligte erfgenaam van haar man te erf. Afdeling vier neem verdere eise van uitgeslote begunstigdes in oënskou. Afdeling vyf handel oorsigtelik met die verdeling van bates ooreenkomstig Moslemreg ingevolge ’n geldige testament. Afdeling ses bespreek enkele bekommernisse rakende die uitkoms in die Benjamin-saak. Afdeling sewe vergelyk kortliks die status van Moslemweduwees in Duitsland en Nederland – twee regstelsels wat bepaalde ooreenkomste met dié in Suid-Afrika toon. Drie vrae word in hierdie verband oorweeg: (1) Maak die Duitse en Nederlandse reg in die lig van die beduidende persentasie Moslems wat die laaste dekades hul daar tuisgemaak het voorsiening vir die erkenning van ’n onterfde Moslemweduwee wat nie ’n eggenoot ingevolge ’n burgerlike huwelik was nie? (2) Indien nie, hoekom nie; en (3) waarom behoort die Suid-Afrikaanse regsposisie anders te wees? Afdeling agt sluit die aantekening af met ’n oorhoofse ontleding van die bevindings en aanbevelings.
TASVIRIY SAN’AT TOʻGARAK MASHGʻULOTLARIDA QOʻYILADIGAN ZAMONAVIY PEDAGOGIK TALABLAR
Authors: Yusupova Shoxista
Published: May 2023

Ushbu maqolada tasviriy san’at toʻgarak mashgʻulotlarining oʻquvchilar uchun muhim ahamiyati, umumiy oʻrta ta’lim maktablarida tasviriy san’at toʻgarak mashgʻulotlarining faoliyati, zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalarni dars jarayonida qoʻllanilishi va uning ta’lim sifatini oshirishidagi oʻrni. Tasviriy san’at toʻgarak darslarining mazmuni va metodikasining zamonaviy talablari, dars mashgʻulotlarini tashkil etish qoidalari haqida qisqacha ma’lumot berib oʻtilgan.
Meneroka Isu Perkahwinan Bawah Umur dari Perspektif Undang-Undang Perkahwinan Adat di Sarawak
Authors: Ary Sahwa Flavia , Sivabalan Tharshini
Published: May 2023

Perkahwinan bawah umur melibatkan kanak-kanak yang berumur 18 tahun ke bawah. Isu ini merupakan isu global yang serius, termasuklah di Malaysia. Perkahwinan di bawah umur masih terjadi di Malaysia dan terdapat beberapa undang-undang perkahwinan adat yang membenarkan perkahwinan kanak-kanak yang belum mencapai usia 18 tahun. Justeru itu, artikel ini akan membincangkan tentang undang-undang perkahwinan adat yang terdapat di Malaysia dan negara lain serta faktor yang mempengaruhi perkahwinan bawah umur. Data kajian ini dianalisis menggunakan sorotan literatur yang berkaitan dengan isu perkahwinan bawah umur. Antara faktor yang menyumbang kepada perkahwinan bawah umur adalah hamil di luar nikah, meneruskan tradisi, kemiskinan dan untuk mengelakkan hubungan seks di luar nikah. Kajian ini akan menganalisis empat buah negara yang mempunyai undang-undang perkahwinan adat tersendiri iaitu Malaysia, Afrika Selatan, Pakistan dan Kenya. Dalam hal ini, kebanyakan negara mentafsirkan undang-undang perkahwinan adat sebagai tradisi yang perlu diikuti oleh masyarakat. Di Malaysia, kajian terhadap perkahwinan bawah umur dalam kalangan orang asal yang mengamalkan perkahwinan menggunakan undang-undang adat terutamanya dalam kalangan kaum peribumi adalah terhad, sehubungan itu, lebih banyak kajian perlu dijalankan untuk mendapatkan maklumat mendalam mengenai isu perkahwinan bawah umur yang menggunakan undang-undang perkahwinan adat. Di samping itu, Kementerian Pendidikan perlu melaksanakan pendidikan seks di sekolah untuk mencegah perkahwinan bawah umur daripada terus berlaku. Pada masa yang sama, bagi mengurangkan bilangan kanak-kanak yang tercicir dari sekolah dan berkahwin awal disebabkan kemiskinan, pihak kerajaan perlu membantu golongan rentan meningkatkan taraf ekonomi mereka melalui perlaksanaan program yang dapat menjana pendapatan seperti perniagaan bagi menampung keperluan keluarga.
Relevance of Barium Studies in an Era of Cross-Sectional Imaging in a Low Resource Economy
Authors: E.S Osho , J.I Fatukasi , S.O Oyamakinde , A.O Ogunsemoyin , A.O Bello
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The demand for barium tests has steadily decreased since the development of contemporary imaging technology, for a variety of reasons, in the current era of cancer. It is crucial to note right now that barium exams will never be unnecessary. Barium exams have largely been superseded by a number of advanced imaging modalities in recent years, including high resolution ultrasonography, endoscopy, colonoscopy, computed tomography (CT scan), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and defecography. Barium swallows still outperform endoscopy, manometry, and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring in the assessment of motility issues, sub-mucosal lesions, and extrinsic pathology even though these diagnostic techniques are equally helpful in the evaluation of esophageal illnesses. The target is to maintain the traditional barium study method for the patient's benefit and proper care, as well as to keep it alive. The objective is to safeguard barium radiology for the high standard of patient care rather than to "save" barium exams only to maintain this technology. The main aim of this study is to review the various forms of barium studies

Methodology: Relevant databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase to search for literature related to barium studies and cross sectional imaging were used for this study. Search strategy including keywords related to barium studies, cross-sectional imaging and low resource economies. This may include terms such as barium swallow, barium meal, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging.

Findings: Conventional Barium examinations still have a purpose in determining the state of the mucosa, diameter of the lumen, degree, and type of obstruction even though CT and MRI have essentially superseded them. Additionally, barium offers live data on intestinal transit duration and motility. On a CT scan, these characteristics are not visible

Recommendations: To prevent this modality from going extinct and ultimately harming patients, teaching institutions should encourage radiologists to become conversant with Barium studies.
Хусусийлаштирилган ер участкаларига нисбатан мулк ҳуқуқларини ҳимоя қилиш усулларини амалга ошириш таҳлили
Authors: Рахматиллаев Жасурбек
Published: May 2023

Ушбу мақолада хусусийлаштирилган ер участкаларига нисбатан мулк ҳуқуқларини ҳимоя қилиш усулларини амалга оширишнинг таҳлили, мулкдорнинг ҳуқуқлари, мулк ҳуқуқининг ҳар қандай бузилишлари бартараф этилиши таҳлили, фуқаролик ҳуқуқлари ёки манфаатларини муҳофаза қилиш, ер участкасини мулкдордан олиб қўйиш, жамоат эҳтиёжлари учун ер участкаларини сотиб олиш тартиби, мулкдор ҳуқуқларининг кафолатлари билан боғлиқ муаммолар очиб берилган.
Ўзбекситон республикасининг жаҳон савдо ташкилотига аъзо бўлишида тариф сиёсатини такомиллаштириш
Authors: Киргизбаев Улуғбек , Киргизбаева Комила
Published: May 2023

Мазкур мақолада Жаҳон савдо ташкилотининг пайдо бўлиш тарихи, ташкилотга аъзо бўлиш тартиби, аъзо мамлакатларнинг ташқи савдоси ва бир қатор макроиқтисодий кўрсаткичлари таҳлил қилинган. Мамлакатимизнинг Жаҳон савдо ташкилотига аъзо бўлиш истиқболлари, шунингдек, ижобий оқибатлари таҳлил қилинган. Божхона таъриф сиёсати таҳлили, шунингдек хулоса ва таклифлар берилган.
Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarni badiiy asarlar bilan tanishtirishning yosh bilan bog‘liq ususiyatlari va tarbiyachining mahorati
Authors: Xo‘jamberdiyeva Shahnoza
Published: May 2023

Ushbu maqolada badiiy adabiyot maktabgacha yoshdagi bola shaxsini har tomonlama rivojlantirishning eng muhim vositalaridan biri ekanligi, badiiy asarning mazmuni bolaning dunyoqarashini kengaytirishi, maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarda badiiy asarga qiziqishni shakllantirish, kitobga ehtiyotkorlik bilan munosabatda bo‘lishni tarbiyalashda kitob burchagi katta rol o‘ynashi va bu jarayondagi tarbiyachining o‘rni va mahorati haqida so‘z yuritilgan.
Ўзбекистон ва халқаро молия ташкилотлари: ҳамкорлик ва истиқбол
Authors: Анварова Мадинабону
Published: May 2023

Мазкур мақолада Ўзбекистон ва халқаро молия ташкилотлари ўртасидаги муносабатлар, ташқи қарзлар ва бир қатор макроиқтисодий кўрсаткичлари таҳлил қилинган. Мамлакатимизнинг халқаро молиявий ташкилотлардан олган қарзлари ва мажбуриятлари ўрганилган. Хулоса ва таклифлар берилган.
“Badiiy obraz, xarakter, tip” modulini o‘qitishga doir innovatsiyalar va ilg‘or xorijiy tajribalar
Authors: Usarova Nilufar
Published: May 2023

Ushbu maqolada badiiy adabiyotning qanchalar inson hayotida ahamiyatga ega ekanligi, shuningdek, “badiiy obraz, xarakter, tip” modulini o‘qitishga doir innovatsion g‘oyalar berilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada ilg‘or xorijiy tajribalarga ham misol ko‘rishimiz mumkin.
Практические подходы к построению процедур KYC и AML для выявления преступных финансовых операций (на примере ИТ технологий для обработки, хранения, анализа данных в проекте kycbase.io)
Authors: Севостьянов Александр
Published: May 2023

Статья посвящена исследованию глобальной проблемы отмывания денег, полученных преступным путем. Уточняется, что ежегодный ущерб от отмывания денег составляет около 2-5% ВВП – это негативно сказывается на состоянии экономической и социально-политической составляющих государств. Определено, что в основе современной системы борьбы с незаконными транзакциями и отмыванием денег стоят KYC и AML. Каждая из систем ориентирована на собственные характерные операции. Нами выявлено, что AML включает в себя более широкий спектр операций, в том числе и процедуру «знай своего клиента» (KYC). Описаны современные проблемы системы KYC и AML, среди которых необходимость участия человека, ориентация на динамично изменяющееся поисковые запросы (выдачу), ограниченность регламентов и законодательства отдельных стран. В результате приводятся некоторые практические подходы к разрешению описанных проблем. Нами предполагается, что главная задача в вопросах совершенствования существующих систем – это сбор данных только из проверенных профильных источников, построение хронологических рамок преступных событий и связей, выявление закономерностей, а также уточнение схемы взаимодействия преступных лиц, фиксация данных. Все эти операции находят отражение в алгоритме работы системы kycbase.io, разработанной автором исследования.
Особенности защиты прав ребенка в Республике Узбекистан
Authors: Шоисломова Ситора
Published: May 2023

Настоящая статья посвящена характеристике теоретико-правовых вопросов защиты прав ребенка в Республике Узбекистан. Исследование комплексно отображает международно-правовое регулирование прав ребенка.
Исследование связано с государственными программами по проводимым в Республике Узбекистан реформам, которые направлены на реализацию основных положений «Стратегии развития нового Узбекистана на 2022-2026 годы», направленной на совершенствование системы общественного управления и всемерную имплементацию международно-правовых норм в части прав ребенка в национально-правовую практику Республики Узбекистан.
В статье также приводится обширный зарубежный опыт регулирования государствами основных вопросов по правам ребенка на международном и национально-правовом уровне, актуальные проблемы работы с этими вопросами на практике. В целом, идея работы заключается в том, что законодательство Республики Узбекистан в части прав ребенка и практику его реализации в жизни необходимо систематизировать как на нормативном, так и на научно-прикладном уровне. Результатами этого научного обобщения должны стать разработанные и обоснованные предложения касательно совершенствования положения прав детей в Узбекистане, эффективному применению международных норм национально-правовой практике Республики Узбекистан.
Жаргоны в английском и русском языках
Authors: Мухитдинзода Регина
Published: May 2023

В данной статье рассмотрено об употреблении людьми жаргонов (нецензурной лексики) в общении, в результате чего в языке развивается и функционирует так называемый эвфемизм (например, в современном английском и русском). Особой эффективностью в настоящее время отличаются лексикографические исследования разно-системных языков, научно-методической целью, которых являлись способы передачи информации, закодированной лексической системой одного языка средствами другого. Данные исследования являются непосредственным продолжением сравнительно сопоставительных исследований лексики английского и русского языков на материале молодежного сленга и преследуют научно-теоретические цели – сравнение отдельных лексических единиц сравниваемых языков на выявление их лексико-семантических общностей и различий. Сопоставление лексики различных языков показывает, что одно и то же лексическое значение определяется рядом факторов, важнейшими из которых являются отражаемая в языке внеязыковая действительность, мышление и система языков.
Motivation Factors and Teacher Retention in Private Secondary Schools of Rwanda
Authors: Sixte Ndahayo , Mugiraneza Dr. Faustin , Hesbon Dr. Andala Opiyo
Published: May 2023

Teacher retention is one of the pillars that lead to higher academic performance of students. Unfortunately, school administrators invest much time and effort in recruiting the teaching personnel but do not motivate them to remain in their respective schools. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of motivation factors on teacher retention in private secondary schools in Rwanda, with a case of Huye District. The specific objectives were: to examine the effect of recognition on teacher retention, to assess the effect of work environment on teacher retention, to determine the effect of professional development on teacher retention, and to evaluate the effect of remuneration on teacher retention in private secondary schools in Rwanda. The research used census as a sampling technique for a target population of 59 teachers; the total number of teachers working in private secondary schools in the district. The data analysis was done using descriptive and mixed method model and the Statistical Packages for Social Science Software (SPSS) version 21.0 was used to process the acquired data. From the analysis, the study came up with the following findings: teacher retention was not influenced by recognition since the majority of teachers; (70.1%) said that they were not aware of any recognition system in their schools. The findings revealed that 82.4% of the respondents had been motivated to stay in the school by the work environment. The study revealed that in-service training was a factor that could lead to teacher retention in the profession but not necessarily in their respective schools; only 27.5% of the respondents agreed that they had in-service training in their respective schools. In the same line, 56.1% of respondents agreed that remuneration is a teacher motivation factor, but only 17.6% of teachers stated that their remuneration was enough to cater for basic needs; with a Mean of 2.58 and Sd. of 1.22. Consequently, only 8.8% (with Mean of 2.58 and Sd. 0.96) of respondents agreed that they are willing to remain in their schools. Finally, the study concluded that mainly teachers would like to remain in schools which provide them with a favorable work environment and regular in-service trainings. In the second place, with considerate remuneration and recognition, teachers’ motivation would be increased and lead to their retention. Based on the findings from the study, the researcher recommended that school administration and stakeholders should provide teachers with in-service trainings, recognize teachers’ achievement and a considerate remuneration that could at least cater for their basic needs. Future studies should be conducted to assess the impact of teacher retention on students’ academic performance in private secondary schools in Rwanda.
AVALIAÇÃO COLORIMÉTRICA DE ALIMENTOS: CONSTRUÇÃO DE UM PROTÓTIPO COM TECNOLOGIA DE IMPRESSÃO 3D
Authors: Silva Jamília Carvalho da , Lira Alexandre Magnum Marques de , Sá Daniele Maria Alves Teixeira , Silva Rafael Vitor e , Farias Mirla Dayanny Pinto
Published: May 2023

Processos de inovação vem sendo percebido nas diferentes áreas da ciência e tecnologia e no setor   alimentício não é diferente. O uso de impressão 3D, startups, inteligência artificial e internet das coisas são tendências encontradas de diferentes formas, seja na condução dos processos ou produtos alimentícios. Neste artigo está descrito o uso da Impressão 3D no desenvolvimento de um protótipo para auxiliar na obtenção de imagens através de smartphones com intuito de avaliar a coloração dos alimentos. A partir desta elaboração e dos testes realizados evidencia-se que a impressão 3D se apresenta como uma inovadora ferramenta em áreas da Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos. Verificou-se também que entre os dois modelos construídos (SUP_01 e SUP_02), o que atendeu as demandas foi o SUP_02, que passou por modificações nos parâmetros de impressão, e foi designado como SUP_02.1, ou seja, um suporte que atendeu os critérios exigidos para a finalidade e que consegue auxiliar na obtenção de imagens dos alimentos para avaliação colorimétrica.
A Study on the Correlation Between Subjective and Objective Scales in the Evaluation of Depressive Symptoms for the Elderly
Authors:   Korean Association For Geriatric Psychiatry, Park Chae Rin , Choo IL Han
Published: May 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between subjective and objective depression rating scale for the elderly with depressive symptoms.
Methods: Thirty three outpatients aged more than 55 with depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnare-9 (PHQ-9) and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Similar items from each scale were paired to investigate their correlations. The level of agreement between the PHQ-9 and the MADRS was also assessed for subjects by using discrepancy-score.
Results: Correlation between total scores of the PHQ-9 and the MADRS was significant (r=0.85, p<0.001). There were significant correlations between the paired items except for the item about volition. These results were the same in the group whose total education years are 7 or more. However, in the group whose total education years are 6 or less, there was no significant correlation between the paired items about sleep, concentration and volition.
Conclusion: These results demonstrate that using the PHQ-9 in elderly patients is reliable and education level might be considered when interpreting the scale.
BI-DIRECTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF ROMAN PERIOD COINS BY DEEP LEARNING METHODS
Authors: KAYAALP Kıyas , ÖZKANER Fehmi
Published: May 2023

In this study, the problem of classification of coins, which have historical importance and can only be distinguished by experts, is discussed with pre-learning deep learning algorithms. In the solution of the problem, the RRC-60 dataset, which consists of the images of the coins used in the Roman Republic period, was used. In this study, pre-learning Xception, MobileNetV3-L, EfficientNetB0 and DenseNet201 models were trained using the images on both sides of the coins in the data set. As a result of the training, the best values, Precision, Recall and F1-Score metrics in the MobileNetV3-L model were 98.2%, 96.8%, 97.5%, respectively, and the test accuracy was 95.2%
Secret Management in Managed Kubernetes Services
Authors: Pai Santosh , Kunte Srinivasa. R.
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Security and Privacy risks are increasing in the industry. Managed Kubernetes services help organizations to deploy micro service in the cloud. Securing the Secrets used by micro service applications in the cloud is a crucial topic. This paper studies how managed Kubernetes service industry secures the application Secrets in the cloud.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study includes various Kubernetes service providers in the industry. The documentation available in the provider website and the published whitepapers are used to understand the Secret management technology.
Findings/Result: Software applications and their data are protected in managed cloud services using Secret keys. Across service providers, there is a trend and a common approach in managing the Secrets. External or remote services integration is an improvement area for the providers. Operators have the responsibility of protecting Secrets and ensuring it does not leak out.
Originality/Value: This paper studies the efforts of different vendors to protect the micro service Secrets. This ensures that the organization's critical assets are protected as per regulations and do not lead to financial losses. Cloud misconfiguration is one of the most common mistakes leading to security attacks, the knowledge of vendor's features helps to configure the cloud services securely.
Paper Type: Case study
A Review of the Strategies Used in the IT sector for Employee Training and Development
Authors: Chethana K. M. , Noronha Sonia Delrose
Published: May 2023

Purpose: In the current economic climate, the ability of the organisation to find and keep quality people will determine its success or failure. The lifeblood of any firm is its workforce. The performance of the firm's employees determines whether it succeeds or fails. The basis of such success is thought to be employees who have received substantial training and development. The focus of the research was to identify this connection amidst employee performance, productivity along with instruction, and advancement. Numerous research studies have acknowledged this essential function. For example, they have emphasised the importance of maximising employees' contributions to the business's aims and goals in order to maintain effective performance. Employees are a costly and precious resource. Companies that place a high priority on shareholders and customer satisfaction value employee development because they acknowledge the significance of training initiatives. The productivity is increased by the numerous training and development programmes offered by IT companies to their employees. The goal the current study seeks to look at the various theoretical models together with frameworks connected to workforce development through training and development programmes and their effects on employee performance. The current paper provides a succinct assessment of the research on the value of training and how it boosts worker performance.
Methodology: The IBEF report on the information technology industry, yearly reports from particular IT companies, journal articles in Google Scholar, media, and business websites are used as secondary sources of data to achieve the paper's goal.
Findings: The findings indicate that for the human resource development sector, personal role involvement is more useful than workplace engagement. In a setting of intense competition, It is crucial to address how little the training function is valued in Indian organisations.. The study discovered that "future orientation," "in-group collectivism," and "uncertainty avoidance" are national cultural components that have an impact on e-learning practises. In this study, synchronous and asynchronous e-learning systems are distinguished, and the impact of culture on each is investigated.
Originality/Value: This study will help in better understanding the various training and development procedures used by IT industry organisations. Strategies and SWOC Analysis are used to help businesses flourish and achieve greatness with the aid of their workforce.
Paper Type: Case Study
Borrowed Credentials and Surrogate Professional Societies: A Critical Analysis of the Urban Forestry Profession
Authors: O’Herrin Keith , Bassett Corinne G. , Day Susan D. , Ries Paul D. , Wiseman P. Eric
Published: May 2023

Background

Urban forestry is an emerging profession, yet its professional identity is not clearly defined, nor does it have the full complement of support mechanisms commonly expected or needed by professionals. As a result, urban forest professionals rely on closely allied professions (e.g., arboriculture, forestry) resulting in frustration amongst urban forest professionals and confusion and lack of awareness amongst the general public.

Methods

We developed a series of practical but ideal benchmarks for a successful “modern profession” based on features extracted from a review of the literature and precedents from 11 other professions. We then examined a broad array of evidence to identify gaps between the benchmarks and the current reality of urban forestry. Strength of evidence was assessed, and each benchmark was classified as being supported by established, emerging, or little to no evidence.

Results

Gap analysis indicates that while the profession provides an essential service to society, there is a need for improvement in credentialing, public awareness, recruitment into the profession, and support for career advancement. Many gaps result from a lack of coordinated efforts or organized community dedicated to the full scope of urban forest professionals. We identified a misalignment between urban forest professionals and existing professional organizations that are dedicated to closely allied professions.

Conclusion

To meet benchmarks for a successful “modern profession,” urban forestry needs professional support explicitly dedicated to urban forestry. The profession cannot meet the future needs of society supported only by borrowed credentials and surrogate professional organizations.
Management of acute renal failure in infants: a seven-year multicenter experience.
Authors:   University of Batna medicine department, Batna, Algeria, Missoum Soumia , Lahmar Mourad , Khellaf Ghalia ,   2University of Algiers medicine department, Algiers, Algeri, Bourenane Haithem ,   University of Batna medicine department, Batna, Algeria, Sersoub Nasreddine ,   University of Constantine medicine department, Constantine, Algeria
Published: May 2023

Background. An infant with acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a technical challenge with respect to vascular access. Acute peritoneal dialysis (PD) is often the only possible treatment modality. Patients and methods. Over a period of 7 years (2014 -2021), the outcome of acute PD was studied in 56 infants (38 boys) with AKI, aged 6 hours to 24 months, at 3 tertiary care centers of a teaching hospital in Algeria. Results. Acute tubular necrosis (58.9%) was the most common cause of AKI, followed by hemolytic uremic syndrome (23.2 %). Acute PD was highly effective in lowering retention markers (p < 0.0001). The reduction of blood urea greater than 11% after 10 cycles of PD would be the first sign of good evolution followed by that of serum creatinine at 10% after 15 cycles (p < 0.0001). Hypokaliemia was the most common complication (46.4%). Overall mortality was 23.2 %. The risk of mortality by multi-variate analysis was higher with the Severity of AKI and when patients were anuric (p < 0.0001), septicemia (p < 0.0001), or decompensated congenital heart disease (p < 0.001) The survivors did not differ from those who died with respect to age, sex or weight when acute PD was initiated. The average time to renal function recovery was between 72 hours and 12 days. Conclusion. Acute PD is an appropriate treatment choice for infants with AKI. The reduction of blood urea after 10 cycles of PD is a good predictor of evolution.
Epidemio-clinical aspects of fractures of the long bones of the lower limbs at the University Hospital Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona
Authors:   Universitry Hospital Center Joseph Ravohanagy Andrianavalona Antananarivo Madagascar, Rohimpitiavana Hanitrankasitrahana Amboarasarobidy , Soanirina Mirana Rosette , Razaka Ismael Andrianina ,   Hospital center Antsohihy Madagascar, Rabemazava Alexandrio Zo Lalaina Andrianina , Solofomalala Gaëtan Duval ,   Universitry Hospital Center Anosiala Antananarivo Madagascar, Razafimahandry Henri Jean Claude ,   Universitry Hospital Center Joseph Ravohanagy Andrianavalona Antananarivo Madagascar
Published: May 2023

Background. Fractures of the long bones of the lower limbs are frequently encountered in traumatology setting. Aim. Our objective was to describe the epidemiological and clinical aspects of fractures of the long bones of the lower limbs screwed and treated in the Orthopaedic and Trauma Department of the University Hospital of Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona. Methods. This is a descriptive retrospective study from January to December 2019 of fractures of the long bones of the lower limbs admitted to the department. Results. Three hundred sixty-one patients were studied. The male gender predominated (Sex ratio =1.95). The age group between 15 and 30 was the most affected (38.78%). Workers were the most affected (29.09%). Road accidents were the most frequent etiology (73.13%). Pain was constant. The closed fractures of the 2 leg bones were the most observed (49.03%). Conclusion. Fractures of the long bones of the lower limbs concern all professional strata. The resurgence of public road accidents requires preventive measures.
Application of expert systems in tasks modeling and evaluation of protective measures against pests (insects, rodents, birds) at agribusiness facilities
Authors: Surinsky Dmitry , Kulikova Lyudmila , Filimonov Konstantin
Published: May 2023

The idea of using expert systems in the tasks of modeling and evaluating protective measures against pests (insects, rodents, birds) at agribusiness facilities is presented. It is proposed to apply the calculation of the integral value of crop loss based on probabilistic assessments of dangerous events, followed by an analysis of the outcomes and its direction for assessing the damage to the enterprise from the action of pests. Keywords: EXPERT SYSTEM, MODELING AND EVALUATION OF PROTECTIVE MEASURES, PESTS IN AIC, RISK OF LOSS OF HARVEST
Intelligent Load Management System Development with Renewable Energy for Demand Side Management
Authors: Hijaz Paul Ward Ul , Shahzad Siddiqui Anwar , Kirmani Sheeraz
Published: May 2023

Electric smart grid reliability and stability could be increased by the application of demand response initiatives and renewable energy resources. This study provides a brand new demand side management paradigm for smart grids with renewable energy integration that is based on intelligent optimisation. The suggested system combines real-time demand response programmes from electric utility companies and makes use of fuzzy logic to forecast consumer energy consumption patterns. Using demand response programmes, a smart energy management controller adjusts consumer energy usage forecasts to produce an operation schedule. Using simulations employing real-world data, we assess the efficacy of the suggested intelligent demand side management framework. According to the findings, compared to the load management-free method, total electricity costs and carbon emissions have significantly decreased. A potential strategy for demand side management with the integration of renewable energy, the proposed intelligent hybrid optimisation method of load management achieves superior performance in regulating energy consumption, peak loads, and carbon emissions. By presenting a useful and effective paradigm for demand-side management with renewable energy integration, this research makes a contribution to the field of energy management.
Study of Metabolic Syndrome in Pre and Post Menopausal Women
Authors: Singh Meenakshi , Aggarwal Juhi , Tomo Sojit , Batra Jyoti , Katara Pradhumn
Published: May 2023

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the occurrence of metabolic disorder (MS) and its various components among pre-and postmenopausal women and their associated relationship between menopausal status and MS. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted at the Biochemistry department in association with Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad. The necessary approval was obtained from the institutional ethical committee to conduct the study and informed written consent was also obtained from the study subjects. The cross-sectional case-control study included premenopausal females aged between 20-40 years as the control group (n=41) postmenopausal females aged between 50-60 years as the case group (n=41). Results: In the study group (post-menopause women), the mean value of BMI is 26.35±2.302 (kg/m2). In comparison with the control group (pre-menopause women), the mean value of BMI is 24.05±1.851 (kg/m2). There was a statically significant increase in the levels of BMI in the study group in comparison with the control group. There was a statically significant increase in the levels of SBP and DBP in the study group compared with the control group. In the study group, the mean value of FBS is 127.12±48.186 (mg/dl). In comparison with the control group (pre-menopause women), the mean value of FBS is 96.12±25.567 (mg/dl). There was a statically significant increase in the levels of FBS in the study group compared with the control group. Conclusion: It has been concluded that MS was significantly more prevalent among postmenopausal women than premenopausal women. This indicates that they are at risk of developing hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, health care workers should closely monitor for the two conditions as metabolic syndrome is an underlying condition for other non-communicable diseases and also be advised to adopt healthy lifestyles to minimize the incidence of these conditions.
SYNTHESIS OF α- HYDROXY-β, γ-UNSATURATED ESTERS
Authors: Jarugu Lokesh Babu , D. Vankar Yashwanth , Brar Anita
Published: May 2023

α-hydroxy-β, γ-unsaturated esters are important building blocks of bioactive compounds, natural products, achiral and chiral vinyl epoxides. These could be easily obtained by isomerization of glycidic esters. In this paper we have reported easy and convenient way of synthesis of α-hydroxy-β, γ-unsaturated esters by isomerisation of glycidic esters using inexpensive catalyst HClO4-SiO2 and eco-friendly ionic liquid. Moderate to good yields with lower reaction times reported.