bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring innovation: A state of the science review of existing approaches
Authors: Ter Haar Philipp
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The level of innovation is essential for a company’s or country’s competitive advantage and the ways to measure innovation are manifold. The review aims to give an overview over the continuously growing body on approaches to measure innovation.Design/methodology/approach: A new definition of innovation measuring is proposed. Based on this definition a structured approach for researching the literature was applied. A selection of 30 advances is discussed and a 4-level-of-analysis-framework is applied to review the broad research on measuring innovation on individual, work team, company and country level.Findings: The narrative review shows that specific measuring frameworks exists for each level of analysis. Output oriented indicators can be found on all levels, they are complemented by potential enablers on country level, process indicators on company and project level and behavioural indicators on individual level. Approaches specifically focussing on work teams could not be found.Research limitations/implications: Further research is needed on specific advances on measuring innovation on work-team level.Practical implications: By discussing key characteristics of the reviewed studies, the analysis will help decision makers to choose a fitting approach and support researchers by identifying open fields of research. It is recommended to research on advances to measure innovation on work team level to close the existing gap.Originality/value: While influences on innovation are extensively discussed a comprehensive overview over the approaches to identify the effects of modifying these influences is missing. This paper intends to closes this gap.
Coups de sonde génétiques dans « Les mers du sud »
Authors: Bonfiglio Maura
Published: May 2018

Dans cet article sont analysées les étapes les plus significatives de l’élaboration de « I mari del sud », le poème qui ouvre Lavorare stanca, seul recueil de poésies publié de son vivant par Cesare Pavese. Le projet initial, un plan thématique organisé en sections, subit rapidement une modification importante de l’ordre et des thèmes choisis, conduisant Pavese à compléter ce premier plan par un second. La difficile mise en place thématique du poème, à grand renfort de déplacements, d’ajouts, de changements et de suppressions, s’accompagne d’une recherche expressive qui creuse progressivement le langage, vise la valorisation du détail et du concret, pour aboutir à une condensation en images. Une recherche qui toutefois ne craint pas les répétitions, mais les utilise pour cadencer le discours et lui donner une épaisseur épique, en mettant en évidence certains thèmes clés.
Energy Optimization in Cryptographic Protocols for the Cloud
Authors: Roy Swapnoneel , Ahuja Sanjay P. , Harish Priyanka D. , Talluri S. Raghu
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, we study the energy consumption by various modern cryptographic protocols for the cloud from the algorithmic perspective. The two categories of protocols we consider are (1) hash functions and (2) symmetric key encryption protocols. We identify various parameters that moderate energy consumption of these hashes and protocols. Our work is directed towards redesigning or modifying these algorithms to make them consume lesser energy. As a first step, we try to determine the applicability of the asymptotic energy complexity model by Roy on these hashes and protocols. Specifically, we try to observe whether parallelizing the access of blocks of data in these algorithms reduces their energy consumption based on the energy model. Our results confirm the applicability of the energy model on these hashes and protocols. Our work is motivated by the importance of cryptographic hashes and symmetric key protocols for the cloud. Hence the design of more energy efficient hashes and protocols will contribute in reducing the cloud energy consumption that is continuously increasing.
Analysis of Mobile Cloud Computing
Authors: Mishra Sushruta , Mohapatra Sunil Kumar , Mishra Brojo Kishore , Sahoo Soumya
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes how cloud computing is an emerging concept combining many fields of computing. The foundation of cloud computing is the delivery of services, software and processing capacity over the Internet, reducing cost, increasing storage, automating systems, decoupling of service delivery from underlying technology, and providing flexibility and mobility of information. However, the actual realization of these benefits is far from being achieved for mobile applications and open many new research questions. Together with an explosive growth of the mobile applications and emerging of cloud computing concept, mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been introduced to be a potential technology for mobile services. With this importance, this chapter provides an overview of mobile cloud computing in which its definitions, architecture, and advantages have been presented. It presents an in-depth knowledge of various aspects of Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). We give a definition of mobile cloud computing and provide an overview of its features.
Data Classification and Prediction
Authors: Pudumalar S  , Suriya K S  , Rohini K
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes how we live in the era of data, where every event in and around us creates a massive amount of data. The greatest challenge in front of every data scientist is making this raw data, a meaningful one to solve a business problem. The process of extracting knowledge from the large database is called as Data mining. Data mining plays a wrestling role in all the application like Health care, education and Agriculture, etc. Data mining is classified predictive and descriptive model. The predictive model consists of classification, regression, prediction, time series analysis and the descriptive model consists of clustering, association rules, summarization and sequence discovery. Predictive modeling associates the important areas in the data mining called classification and prediction.
Recent Development in Big Data Analytics
Authors: Kumar M. Sandeep , Prabhu J.
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes how big data consist of an extreme volume of data, velocity, and more complex variable data that demands current technology changes in capturing, storage, distribution, management, analysis data. Business facing more struggles in identifying the pragmatic approach in capturing the data about customer, products, and services. Usage of big data mainly with the analytical method, but it specifically compares with features of an analytical method based on unstructured data contributed around 95% of big data. The analytical approach depends on heterogeneous data and unstructured data's like text, audio, video format. It demands new effective tool for predictive analysis for big data with the unstructured format. This chapter describes explanation of big data and characteristics of big data compress of Volume, Velocity, Variety, Variability, and Value. Recent trends in the development of big data that applies in real time application perspectives like health care agriculture, education etc.
Peer-to-Peer Lending as an Alternative Investment Asset Class in the EU
Authors: Gutierrez Manuel
Published: May 2018

The aftermath of the 2007-2009 financial crisis and European debt crisis proved to be a transformative event to financial markets, primarily in the areas of fixed-income asset yields and asset price appreciation due to wide-spread credit contraction at the retail level. After worldwide markets collapsed for equities and many corporate debt securities, frightened investors liquidated holdings at absurdly low prices. However, the worldwide recovery, while uneven, remains underway. Yet despite the recoveries in the broader indices, individual investors at the retail level have not widely shared in market gains after exiting from their investments during the crises. As a result of uncomfortably high asset prices and the lack of income potential to investment-grade fixed income investments, new alternatives are sought which may present better yield-earning potential amidst the current credit market environment made available by certain Fintech companies.
Fintech Impact on EU Retail Savings and Investment
Authors: Gutierrez Manuel
Published: May 2018

Years after the 2007-2009 financial crisis and European debt crisis, the European Union's (EU) banking system sustained persistent strain due to those two shocks, austerity and economic contraction, political events, poor banking operations, enhanced regulation, and litigation. The European Central Bank's response was significant: short-term interest rates collapsed and markets were flooded with money via quantitative easing programs. Consequently, investors fled risky assets for the safety of government debt. Yet as banks recovered, savers sacrificed asymmetrically: yields on bank deposits and bonds were decimated. As macroeconomic challenges subsided, Fintech increasingly threatened legacy financial institutions' business models to the benefit of the EU savings public. This study assesses the impact by Fintech companies on legacy banks in the EU with respect to savings, lending, and wealth management. This study also assesses and makes recommendations on a strategy by Fintech to benefit savers, and the measures legacy institutions must take to survive amidst this new competitive landscape.
In Search of a Lost Authenticity
Authors: Louro Margarida , Oliveira Francisco
Published: May 2018

Through a historical description of the human occupation of Lisbon since the twelfth century BC and its reorganization around the natural presence of the estuary of the river Tagus, this chapter explores concepts like tourism, naturalization, and city. In this sense, the chapter made a critical perspective on the changes occurred in the last years, discussing the contemporary contingency of competitiveness and urban places transformation related to sustainability and tourism pressure in the revaluation of centralities. This can be considered an awareness of the need to reflect on a kind of search for the loss of its authenticity.
Assessing Urban Ecosystem Services
Authors: Horta Marise Barreiros , Cabral Maria Inês , Pires Iva , Bachi Laura Salles , Luz Ana , Fernandes Geraldo Wilson , Drumond Maria Auxiliadora , Carvalho-Ribeiro Sónia
Published: May 2018

By integrating social, ecological, and economic perspectives, the assessment of ecosystem services (ES) provides valuable information for better targeting landscape planning and governance. This chapter summarizes different participatory approaches for assessing ES in urban areas of three countries. In Belo Horizonte (Brazil), a conceptual framework for the vacant lots ES assessment is presented as an attempt to integrate landscape, social, and political dimensions. In Leipzig (Germany), a combination of site surveys, interviews, and remote sensing provides a valuable data set that fostered a comparative study between two forms of urban gardening. In Lisbon (Portugal), the study is based on interviews that offer a social insight into the horticultural parks situation, which in turn demands a better dialogue with the municipality. In general, the studies demonstrate the potential benefits of utilizing the ES assessment approaches on urban landscapes, especially for better understanding the interactions between people and nature in urban sites.
The Role of Landscape in the Representation of Portuguese Wine Producing Regions
Authors: Lavrador Ana , Rocha Jorge
Published: May 2018

This chapter analyzes the landscape role in the promotion of wine and tourism of the five most emblematic Portuguese winegrowing regions. The use of landscape in promotional images strengthens the regional identity, becoming a value-added component for wine marketing and tourism destination. Both have great significance in enhancing the growth of winegrowing regions. The global economy and mechanization of viticulture operations tend to simplify and specialize land-use vine parcels, particularly in areas of sustainable large wine production, according to European Union rules. This research implemented an innovative and integrative approach that represents and focuses on the promotional features of producers, tourism, and their official bodies. Selected images were sorted into landscape, trademark, and tourism categories, and evaluated via Cohen's textual model, followed by a multiple correspondence factorial analysis. The results showed a hierarchy of categories and variables consistent with their expression in promotional features.
Alternative Tool for an Integrative Landscape Interpretation
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo J. , Lopes Joana Corte , Boucault François
Published: May 2018

This chapter aims to describe an alternative tool developed to represent the interdependence established in the landscape between the human activities and the capacity of natural resources to answer for their needs. Therefore, focused on a case study of the Arrábida Maritime Coast located in Portugal, the research not only allowed to analyze the ecological and cultural landscape components but also to diagnose its resilience to the human activities. In this sense, considering the functional limits of the current cartographic representation models, it was also necessary to set up a new complementary diagrammatic model to show how the landscape interdependences are established. Despite their complex scientific data calculation nature associated with the geoprocessing techniques to connect both representation models, this alternative tool has integrative and intuitive interpretation features, by which it is possible to know the landscape suitability to support new land uses and land covers.
City Landscape
Authors: Lourenço Ana Cristina
Published: May 2018

This chapter aims to describe the urban morphology of the city of Lisbon within its identity creation process throughout time, according to an ecological condition approach. Based on a new landscape interpretation model, it aims to contribute to a better understanding of the current sustainability issues of the urban landscape (as a system of systems), following an interrelated analysis of the confluence between how it functions ecologically and human occupation processes. It is, therefore, a useful contribution to spatial planning decisions and policies transposed into territorial management tools, particularly with regard to urban ecosystem services: improved urban life and the introduction of positive elements that are economically measurable for better management of the city and reduced risk.
Curtailing the Threats to Cloud Computing in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Chaka John Gyang , Marimuthu Mudaray
Published: May 2018

Cloud computing enables end users to make use of third party's resources to support their computing needs. The services offered by cloud computing make the technology very critical to the fourth industrial revolution. The benefits include cost minimization, scalability of services, speed, integration and higher data management, low innovation risk, and quicker response to organizational needs, among others. However, these benefits have been threatened by a number of security threats. This chapter seeks to curtail the effects of these threats by enlightening and educating users on the current ways to mitigate them. The chapter first defines cloud computing and highlights its relevance or benefits to businesses in the fourth industrial revolution. In addition, various security threats that are associated with cloud computing are brought to the fore. Thereafter, various measures that are used to mitigate the threats are discussed. The chapter concludes that with adequate enlightenment, the full benefits of cloud computing in industry 4.0 would be better enjoyed by users.
Developing Cybersecurity Resilience in the Provincial Government
Authors: Patrick Harold , van Niekerk Brett , Fields Ziska
Published: May 2018

The approach that the organization uses to manage its cyber-risk to its workforce, information, systems, and networks is paramount to ensure sustainability and continuity in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Improving cyber-resiliency in the organization reduces the chance of future threats and attacks and builds better capability. Cyber resilience involves continuous operations, good governance, and diligence supported by the right security strategy of a computer security incident response team (CSIRT) that can protect government operations and control cyber-risks. CSIRT can build better resiliency at the decentralized provincial government level, and contribute to cyber awareness amongst the workforce, public, and other government departments. A CSIRT can further contribute to resilience to the organization by analyzing the threats and attacks, developing countermeasures for the future in protecting its systems and networks from threat actors.
Government's Dynamic Approach to Addressing Challenges of Cybersecurity in South Africa
Authors: Nzimakwe Thokozani Ian
Published: May 2018

Cybersecurity is the practice of making the networks that constitute cyber space secure against intrusions. The aim is to maintain the confidentiality, the availability and integrity of information, by detecting interferences. Traditionally, cybersecurity has focused on preventing intrusions and monitoring ports. The evolving threat landscape, however, calls for a more dynamic approach. It is increasingly clear that total cybersecurity is impossible, unless government develops a cyber-security strategy. The aim of this chapter is to discuss government's dynamic approach to addressing challenges of cybersecurity. The chapter looks at the co-ordination of cyber-security activities so as to have a coordinated approach to cyber-crime. This chapter also highlights the idea of protecting sensitive data for the public good. It is generally accepted that technology has become indispensable in modern society. Government's cybersecurity presents a unique challenge simply because of the volume of threats that agencies working for government face on a daily basis.
Cyber Security Education in the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Kariuki Paul
Published: May 2018

It is critical that cyber education curriculum considers the growing cyber technologies and which aspects of these technologies need to be aligned with the fourth industrial revolution. This chapter seeks to present a comprehensive analysis of the current level of cyber security education in South Africa. It will also track the current trends of cyber security education in the country as well as examining any challenges being experienced including any knowledge gaps. In the end, the chapter proposes recommendations for consideration in strengthening cybersecurity education in the country in to achieve advanced cyber security responses, capable of mitigating any cyber security threats. Offering quality cyber security education is important in preparing the next generation cyber security practitioners, who are highly competent and capable of developing innovative solutions in response to the growing global demand of cyber technologies. The chapter ends by proposing specific strategies that can guide towards this ideal in the context of the fourth industrial revolution.
An Optimum Tuning Application of Mass Dampers Considering Soil-Structure Interaction
Authors: Bekdaş Gebrail , Nigdeli Sinan Melih
Published: May 2018

In order to obtain a significant reduction for seismic responses of structures using tuned mass dampers (TMDs), optimization is a mandatory process. A music-inspired metaheuristic algorithm called harmony search is employed in the proposed method for optimum design of TMDs implemented on structures considering soil-structure interaction (SSI). The present approach considers time domain analyses conducted for several earthquake excitations. The optimum design variables, such as mass, period, and damping ratio of TMD are searched for an optimization objective (the maximum displacement of structure) and a design constraint (the maximum scaled stroke capacity of TMD). The proposed method was investigated with a 40-storey high-rise structure for different soil characteristics and the optimum results were compared with a previously developed metaheuristic approach. Results show that the proposed method is feasible and more effective than the compared method.
Hybrid Data Intelligent Models and Applications for Water Level Prediction
Authors: Yaseen Zaher Mundher , Deo Ravinesh C. , Ebtehaj Isa , Bonakdari Hossein
Published: May 2018

Artificial intelligence (AI) models have been successfully applied in modeling engineering problems, including civil, water resources, electrical, and structure. The originality of the presented chapter is to investigate a non-tuned machine learning algorithm, called self-adaptive evolutionary extreme learning machine (SaE-ELM), to formulate an expert prediction model. The targeted application of the SaE-ELM is the prediction of river water level. Developing such water level prediction and monitoring models are crucial optimization tasks in water resources management and flood prediction. The aims of this chapter are (1) to conduct a comprehensive survey for AI models in water level modeling, (2) to apply a relatively new ML algorithm (i.e., SaE-ELM) for modeling water level, (3) to examine two different time scales (e.g., daily and monthly), and (4) to compare the inspected model with the extreme learning machine (ELM) model for validation. In conclusion, the contribution of the current chapter produced an expert and highly optimized predictive model that can yield a high-performance accuracy.
Long-Term Degradation-Based Modeling and Optimization Framework
Authors: Parhizkar Tarannom
Published: May 2018

Energy systems degrade during long-term operation. Thus, performance profile of the system deteriorates over time. To optimize energy system parameters more reliably and accurately, it is necessary to consider degradation models of the system in the optimization procedure. In this chapter, a novel degradation-based optimization framework is proposed. This framework optimizes design and operation parameters of energy systems while accounting for the degradation effects on system performance. Therefore, this framework is beneficial for long-term analysis and optimization of energy systems. Validity and usefulness of the proposed methodology are demonstrated by optimizing the operating conditions and maintenance intervals of a gas turbine power plant, under different seasonal ambient conditions and energy prices. The case study results effectively meet all the positive expectations that are placed on the proposed degradation-based optimization framework.
Multi-Performance Optimization in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Gupta Rajat , Kumar Kamal , Sharma Neeraj
Published: May 2018

This chapter presents the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloy AA-5083-O using vertical milling machine. In present FSW experimentation, effects of different process parameter namely tool rotation speed, welding speed, tool geometry, and tool shoulder diameter have been determined on welding quality of two pieces of AA-5083-O using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal sets of process parameters have been determined for weld quality characteristics namely tensile strength (UTS) and percentage elongation (%EL). In present experimentations, a specially designed tool made of high carbon steel with different shoulder diameters (15mm, 17.5mm, and 20 mm) having constant pin length (6 mm) were used for FSW of two pieces of aluminum alloy. The ANOVA and pooled ANOVA were used to study the effect of FSW parameters on UTS and %EL. Multi response optimization has been carried out using desirability function in conjunction with RSM to obtain the optimal setting of process parameters for higher UTS and lower %EL.
Predictive Modeling and Optimization of Cutting Forces Through RSM and Taguchi Techniques in the Turning of ASTM B574 (Hastelloy C-22)
Authors: Kırbaş İsmail , Peker Musa , Basmacı Gültekin , Ay Mustafa
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, the impact of cutting parameters (depth of cut, cutting speed, feed, flow, rake angle, lead angle) on cutting forces in the turning process with regard to ASTM B574 (Hastelloy C-22) material has been investigated. Variance analysis has been applied in order to determine the factors affecting the cutting forces. The optimization of the parameters affecting the surface roughness has been obtained using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Taguchi orthogonal experimental design. The accuracy of the developed models required for the estimation of the force values (Fx, Fy, Fz) is quite successful. In this study, where the R2 value has been used as the criterion/measure, accuracy values of 93.35%, 95.03%, and 95.09% have been achieved for Fx, Fy, and Fz, respectively. As a result of the ANOVA analysis, the most effective parameters for Fx at a 95% confidence interval are depth of cut, feed rate, flow, and rake angle. The most effective parameter for Fy is depth of cut, while the most effective parameters for Fz are depth of cut, feed rate, and flow, respectively.
Defense Expenditure and Economic Performance in SAARC Countries
Authors: Mahapatra Sudhansu Sekhar , Sinha Madhabendra , Chaudhury Anjan Ray , Dutta Abhijit , Sengupta Partha Pratim
Published: May 2018

Governments in most of the nations aim to fulfil their requirements and protect themselves with the necessities of public life from the external threats, and also try to separate a significant portion for defense-related spending from the budget. But the impact of defense expenditures on economic growth is not apparent. It deserves an empirical investigation to explore the external effect of defense spending on the economic performance of the country. The authors choose six SAARC countries, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, where defense-related issues regarding internal security as well as external relationships with neighbor countries are the most significant to examine the relationship between defense expenditures and economic performance measured by GDP growth. The method of GMM estimation is applied in a dynamic panel structure of selected countries over the period 1970-2016. Empirical findings show that, besides some possible factors, defense spending has a positive and significant impact on economic growth in SAARC member nations.
The Relationship Among Military Expenditure, High Technological Product Exports, and Economic Growth
Authors: Sezer Sevgi
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, the effects of military expenditure (MEXP) on high-tech exports (HTX) and GDP per capita (GDPPC) of G7 and new industrialized countries (NIC) are analyzed for period 1988-2015 by panel data analysis. The causality relationships between the series are examined by Dumitrescu and Hurlin test. In G7 countries, one-way causality relationship from HTX to MEXP and two-way causality relationship between MEXP and GDPPC have been identified. Also, in NIC countries, two-way causality relationship between HTX and MEXP and one-way causality relationship from GDPPC to MEXP have been determined. Cointegration relations are tested by Pedroni test and the series are found to be cointegrated. It is seen that in the G7 countries, 1% increase in MEXP during the period of 1988-2015 increased HTX by 0.71% and GDPPC by 0.98%. In NIC countries, the 1% increase in MEXP increased HTX by 1.7% and GDPPC by 0.96%. The effect of MEXP on HTX is found much higher in NIC countries.
Impact of Military Expenditure on Domestic Economy
Authors: Das Koushik
Published: May 2018

Military expenditure in the recent past has been escalated noticeably owing to the nuclear testing and arms race between India and Pakistan and has the prudent prospect of further boost up in the coming years. In this chapter, India's military expenditure has been modelled in a computable general equilibrium framework in order to analyze its impacts over the macro economy. Alternative policy option has been suggested to fiance it and to reduce the social cost of the higher defense expenditure.
Military Expenditure in India
Authors: Jana Sebak Kumar , Karmakar Asim Kumar , Maiti Adwaita
Published: May 2018

The debate regarding the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth especially in the context of developing countries is an old one. There is apparent conflict within government budgets between education expenditure and military expenditure. The military budget of the India is that part of budget allocated for the funding of the Indian armed forces. This military budget finances salaries of employees and training costs, maintenance of equipment and facilities, support of new or ongoing operations, development and procurement of new weapons, equipment, vehicles, etc. The chapter explores the relationship among GDP, military expenditure, and education expenditure in India. The time series analysis reveals that there is long-run causality running from education expenditure and military expenditure to GDP. The study also reveals that there is short run causality running from military expenditure to GDP.
Selected Topics in Robust Optimization
Authors: Yanikoglu Ihsan
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, the authors give a brief introduction to important concepts of RO paradigm. The remainder of the chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 gives an introduction on optimization under uncertainty, and presents brief comparisons among the well-known sub-fields of optimization under uncertainty such as RO, stochastic programming (SP), and fuzzy optimization (FO). Section 3 presents important methodologies of RO paradigm. Section 4 gives insights about alternative ways of choosing the uncertainty set. Section 5 shows alternative methods of assessing the quality of a robust solution and presents miscellaneous topics. Finally, Section 6 summarizes conclusions and gives future research directions.
Women Entrepreneurs in Turkey
Authors: Dülger Meral
Published: May 2018

This chapter makes a contribution to the ongoing efforts to fill the emerging market perspective gap in the entrepreneurship literature with respect to Turkey. It primarily provides a thorough account of the current position of women entrepreneurs operating in the Turkish economy. With exhibitions of current demographic data and statistics, it offers a comprehensive depiction of the importance of women entrepreneurs to the viability of the Turkish economy. Moreover, this chapter sheds light on the deficient aspects of the Turkish system in terms of societal, economic, and professional challenges are and will try to explore how these factors affect the performance of women entrepreneurs while recommending possible routes for improvement.
The Entrepreneurial Woman in the Nigerian Economy
Authors: Akinpelu Temitayo Oluwakemi
Published: May 2018

There is an understanding that cultural practices are intricately linked with other structural factors in shaping gendered involvement, possible options for expansion, and sustainability of business outfits. In Nigeria, these factors affect female entrepreneurs in the start-up process, daily running of businesses, and their survival chances. From a thematic narrative approach, the chapter highlights the intersections of contextual factors that mitigate the involvement, expansion, and sustainability of female-owned enterprises in Nigeria.
The South African Female Entrepreneurship Context
Authors: Mutereko Sybert
Published: May 2018

For a long time, women have been excluded from economic activities in male-dominated organizations and patriarchal society. Therefore, due to this factor, their participation in economic activities such as employment and entrepreneurial initiatives has been a subject of scholarship for some time. Drawing on institutional and feminist theories, this chapter argues that feminist entrepreneurship should consider the emerging economies as heterogeneous regions with unique contexts that affect the entrance into and performance in entrepreneurial activities. Any entrepreneurship scholarship that conflates the different regions and contexts within which female entrepreneurs are found, underplays the nuances that affect them through a compressive use of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute databases. This chapter illustrates how the South African context enables, as well as impedes, women from total entrepreneurial activity. While current regulative institutions are in place, the number of women entering TEA and flourishing is still low.
Designing and Analyzing Social Dynamics for Sustainable Educational Development
Authors: Ahamer Gilbert
Published: May 2018

This chapter details the basic design of the social processes involved in the five-level negotiation game “Surfing Global Change” (SGC). Through its communicational design, this web-based game elicits characteristic collaborative behavior in student groups, which is then statistically analyzed by using several sets of university students. The architecture of SGC has already been explained in other articles and gives a framework for “game-based learning” along five interactive game levels. The web-based arena of interaction induces student collaboration; the quality of which is assessed here. The statistical analyses suggest that the SGC game rules didactically enhance anticipated processes of social self-organization. Motivation for a good grade (function of collected rewards) in this sense impacts team size, attitude towards work, and individual affinity for sticking to personal convictions. The rules trigger two distinct processes: social dynamics in the class and the striving for course grades; these targets do not necessarily match.
Interrelationship Between Pedagogy, Theories, Objectives, and Features
Authors: Ada Mireilla Bikanga
Published: May 2018

As students bring their own devices, there is a growing demand to leverage the benefits of these devices and foster the use my own device attitude. The effective inclusion and the widespread use of mobile learning practices have not yet been realized. Educational institutions still find it difficult to shift their pedagogical culture to a mobile one. Few studies have clearly shown how they underpin their mobile learning app design with learning theories. This chapter aims to provide the details of the pedagogical aspects of designing a mobile learning environment, shifting the culture to a mobile format, through the design, development, and evaluation of MyFeedBack, a mobile app for enhancing formative and summative assessment feedback. It presents the interrelationship between pedagogy, learning theories, the objectives, and features of the mobile learning platform.
Learning Management System Under Digital India Program
Authors: Shilohu Rao N. J. P.  , Sahal Shveta
Published: May 2018

To foster continuous learning in governance, it is imperative to use technology in such a way that learning and knowledge exchange becomes a normal engagement without external interventions (http://digitalindia.gov.in/newsletter/2016_july/index.php). Web- or computer-based learning is easy, anytime and anywhere. It has in fact become a well-established, diversely applicable practice through a software application, known as learning management system (LMS). The LMS designed for e-governance under Digital India initiative is unique and one of a kind; it takes forward the vision of competency-based learning and is a tool to deliver right knowledge and skills to right personnel. LMS deployed by National e-Governance Division serves as a tool for learning and training the government officials and other stakeholders involved in planning, developing, implementing, monitoring, and sustaining governance in Government of India. This chapter broadly discusses the significant facets of the LMS like its prominent features and framework, key benefits, services rendered, and the outcomes and impact as a consequence of its structured implementation.
The Conversable World
Authors: Welton Michael R.
Published: May 2018

This article explicates the idea of conversation as the primary opening for learning to occur in all domains of society. The “age of conversation” emerges in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. This historical analysis is followed by a discussion of the features of “good conversations” to create benchmarks for creating democratic learning cultures at work and in public spaces. The author argues that these benchmarks must be translated into lived reality if people are to create empowered workers and developmental work.
Investigating the Relationship Between Confucianism and Leadership
Authors: Schenck Andrew
Published: May 2018

This article describes how due to the potential impact of cultural factors on leadership, further research of foreign contexts is needed. A study was designed to examine relationships between Confucian values and leadership preferences in a South Korean context. First, the Vannsimpco Leadership Survey (VLS) was given to faculty from both a South Korean and American university. Responses from each group were then averaged by leadership style and statistically compared using the Mann-Whitney U formula. Results revealed significantly higher Korean preferences for autocratic-transformational (U = 365.50, p < .001) autocratic-transactional (U = 453.00, p < .001), and transactional leadership (U = 613.50, p < .05). In contrast to Korean faculty, American respondents significantly preferred transformational leadership (U = 601.00, p < .05). Empirical analysis suggests that hybrid leadership styles are needed in South Korea to address complex interdependent Confucian values, which support both autocratic and democratic social layers.
A REALIDADE COLONIAL DA AMÉRICA PORTUGUESA: UMA ABORDAGEM HISTÓRICO-GEOGRÁFICA POR CONSTRUIR
Authors: Silva Carneiro Patrício Aureliano
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo destaca a necessidade da geografia e da história caminharem juntas na explicação da formação da sociedade.  Pesquisas, em sua maioria, não conferem a importância devida ao papel do espaço e do território na criação de obstáculos ou na viabilização dos interesses da administração portuguesa e dos colonos no processo de desbravamento, conquista e ocupação das minas e dos sertões. Portanto, um dos grandes desafios dos estudos históricos e geográficos reside na incorporação e análise dos processos espaciais e dos elementos territoriais responsáveis por influenciar as temporalidades e os eventos e por modelar e organizar o espaço no passado, geralmente tomado como simples palco dos acontecimentos históricos. As condições, em termos de influências e possibilidades, oferecidas tanto pelo meio físico quanto pelo construído, desempenham um papel significativo na elucidação do estabelecimento e na formação da sociedade implantada na América Portuguesa. Marcos e imaginários geográficos foram de suma importância na descoberta das minas e estruturas territoriais implantadas pela metrópole; viabilizaram a conquista, ocupação e “interiorização” do projeto de colonização, garantindo a transformação dos sertões em território apropriado.  É o peso explicativo do espaço, em constante modificação devido a ações humanas que procuram ordená-lo ou dar-lhe um novo ou diferente sentido.
A NECESSIDADE DOS ESTUDOS GEOGRÁFICOS DA ESCOLA PÚBLICA E DOS PROCESSOS DE ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM: UM EXEMPLO NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Barcellos Silva Jorge Luiz
Published: May 2018

O objetivo desse trabalho é o de estabelecer aproximações entre as áreas Geografia e Educação, destacando leituras geográficas como ferramenta analítica no contexto da formação de professores. Abordamos uma escola pública no município de Guarulhos, região metropolitana de São Paulo, tendo como referência suas geograficidades. Evidenciamos o que o movimento da empiria pode revelar, assumindo um procedimento teórico-metodológico convergente que, ao dedicar-se a temáticas como escola pública, família, professores, crianças, alunos, infância, gestores educacionais e processos de ensino e aprendizagem, se consubstancia pela perspectiva espacial, entendendo essa mirada como aquela que se inicia pelos aspectos locacionais, distributivos e de coexistência portados pelos fenômenos. Nesse sentido, dialogando com aportes de pesquisadores como Moreira (2006; 2014), Thompson (1981), Bourdieu (2007) e Santos (2014), lidamos com uma articulação conceitual – lugar, experiência, território, escala geográfica – que desvela ao leitor a possibilidade de reparar as fecundas relações considerando o local do futuro (ou atual) exercício da profissão docente. O resultado esperado é a demonstração da dimensão topológica das relações que, realizadas por diferentes identidades culturais e controladas institucionalmente pelo Estado por meio da escola, constroem uma Geografia específica, condição essencial nos estudos sobre a formação de professores.
TRABALHO, PRODUÇÃO E RENDA DA TERRA NA TEORIA GEOGRÁFICA
Authors: Bender Pablo Martin
Published: May 2018

O presente artigo desenvolve conceitos frequentemente utilizados no discurso geográfico e nas ciências sociais em geral, mas nem sempre interpretados ou enunciados com a rigorosidade que merecem.  Apresenta-se uma revisão das categorias de "trabalho" e "modo de produção"; e da teoria da "renda da terra", desde uma perspectiva geográfica ligada ao materialismo histórico e dialético, enfatizando a importância da compreensão de seus significados para a análise dos fenômenos espaciais. A produção é considerada no presente texto como um objeto de estudo para a geografia e neste sentido, sugere-se que a estrutura material da sociedade é seu meio geográfico. A teoria da renda da terra é interpretada como uma teoria sobre o espaço que articula os conceitos de produção, trabalho e localização. Na época de Marx, com a exceção de Humboldt, a Geografia era determinista, descritiva e eurocêntrica; por estas razões o filósofo lhe deu um trato ambivalente aos aspectos geográficos "clássicos" na sua obra. Neste texto se reforça o parecer de que a concepção geográfica do mundo e sua dinâmica estão no materialismo de Marx. O artigo está dirigido a estudantes ou leitores em geral que queiram dar seus primeiros passos no conhecimento de conceitos e ideias estruturantes do materialismo histórico e dialético e que revestem especial interesse para a Geografia.
POLO NAVAL E PRODUÇÃO HABITACIONAL EM RIO GRANDE, RS - BRASIL
Authors: Reis Ramos Bianca , Martins Solismar Fraga
Published: May 2018

A cidade do Rio Grande sempre se caracterizou por uma industrialização pregressa, já que dispõe de um parque industrial importante desde o século XIX, e ao mesmo tempo pela instabilidade do seu parque industrial em termos de resultados sociais e espaciais para a cidade. Tal inconstância em sua economia fabril trouxe alguns resultados desastrosos para a cidade, sob as transformações ocorridas na economia nacional e aliadas à incapacidade do empresariado citadino de se adaptar às novas regras da economia brasileira e internacional. Esse ciclo de desenvolvimento e estagnação sempre trouxe consigo o acréscimo populacional e, consequentemente, resultantes espaciais, já que essa população necessitava, além de moradia, satisfazer as suas necessidades básicas na cidade. O último enclave industrial portuário teve início em 2005 com a implantação do Polo Naval Gaúcho, onde Rio Grande foi beneficiado devido as suas características geográficas. Estas são expressas pelo seu amplo espaço retroportuário assim como um calado compatível com a atividade naval, o que permitiu a instalação de grandes estaleiros no município. O presente artigo apresenta um recorte das resultantes espaciais após a implantação do Polo Naval Gaúcho na cidade do Rio Grande, como cidade protagonista dessa atividade industrial. Abordamos os reflexos da política habitacional ascendente/descendente na cidade, os entraves de uma política de habitação social e os conflitos gerados pela aceleração desse processo no auge do Polo Naval Gaúcho.
Factors affecting the egg-laying pattern of Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in three climatologically different zones of North America
Authors: Tourneur Jean-Claude
Published: May 2018

Egg-laying patterns of the European earwig, Forficula auricularia Linnaeus (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), from three climatologically different areas; Montréal, Québec, Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, and San Francisco, California, United States of America; were compared in laboratory. Three different egg-laying patterns were observed. Among the biotic parameters studied; previtellogenic follicular atresia, number of oocytes per ovariole at imaginal moult, female life expectancy, and ovarian activity explained female successful responses to local weather conditions. Follicular atresia, combined with a low number of oocytes, impeded oviposition in a low percentage of females from Montréal. It also impedes the production of a third brood in the Vancouver population, and of a fourth brood in the San Francisco population. Both female life expectancy and length of ovarian activity also had a significant impact on the oviposition pattern in the three climatic regions. Under the cold temperate climate of the Montréal area, only one brood was produced due to the short period of female fertility. Longer period of fertility and life expectancy enabled females to produce two broods in the milder temperate climate of Vancouver, and three broods in the San Francisco climate. Our results strongly suggest an exaptation enabling the native European populations of F. auricularia to adapt successfully in North America.
Специальные бор-зоммерфельдовы лагранжевы подмногообразия в алгебраических многообразиях
Authors: Tyurin Nikolai Andreevich
Published: May 2018

В настоящей работе продолжаются исследования специальных бор-зоммерфельдовых подмногообразий в случае, когда объемлющее симплектическое многообразие обладает согласованной интегрируемой комплексной структурой, т. е. когда объемлющее многообразие является алгебраическим. В этом случае мы показываем, как специальная геометрия Бора-Зоммерфельда сводится к теории Морса на дополнениях к обильным дивизорам. Отсюда вытекает конструкция лагранжевой тени обильного дивизора в алгебраическом многообразии, что является примером двойственности "алгебраическое vs симплектическое". Предлагается условие существования лагранжевой тени, а также приведены примеры лагранжевых теней некоторых обильных дивизоров на проективной плоскости, комплексной квадрике, многообразии флагов.
Библиография: 8 наименований.
Promoting Health Through Engagement in Occupations That Maximize Food Resources
Authors: Schmelzer Laura , Leto Theresa
Published: May 2018

Poverty is a complex problem in the United States with far-reaching consequences, often leading to a lack of food or lack of access to food. Proper nutrition and food intake are foundational to health and well-being. This participatory action research (PAR) project explored the challenges associated with living in poverty and managing food resources. Stakeholders engaged in a multiphase PAR process, which resulted in the development and implementation of a 7-wk occupation-based program. The program promotes graded learning of specific skills for managing food resources and emphasizes empowering each participant. Preliminary results indicate statistically significant improvements in participants’ ability to make meals with certain food items and in perceived satisfaction and performance in self-identified activities related to food resource management. These findings support the feasibility of the program and the need for participant-driven, occupation-based approaches to improving food security.