bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Great Power Cyber Diplomacy - China on the International Cyber Platform Accompanied by the United States and Russia
Authors: Molnár Dóra
Published: October 2022

The world's great powers are also at the forefront of guaranteeing their cyber security, in which, in general, cyber diplomacy is playing an increasingly important role. The study briefly outlines the cyber-diplomatic steps taken by the world’s three leading powers, and as part of this, differing views and steps on international cyber regulation.
Saçaklızâde Mehmed Efendi’nin İnsânü’l-‘ayn ve ‘aynü’l-insân İsimli Fıkıh Usûlü Risalesinin Neşir ve Tahlili
Authors: Çöklü Ramazan
Published: October 2022

Fıkıh usûlü ilmi, naslardan şer‘î hüküm çıkarmanın esas ve yöntemlerini incelemesi nedeniyle İslâmî ilimler içinde özel bir konuma sahiptir. Geçmişten günümüze pek çok İslâm âlimi bu alanda eserler yazmıştır. Bu âlimlerden biri de Saçaklızâde Mehmet Efendi’dir (ö. 1145/1732). Saçaklızâde Mehmet Efendi, başta fıkıh olmak üzere birçok alanda eser telif eden çok yönlü bir Osmanlı âlimidir. Onun yazdığı eserlerden biri de “İnsânü’l-‘ayn ve ‘aynü’l-insân” adlı fıkıh usûlü risalesidir. Eserde Osmanlı medreselerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulan meşhur kitaplardan bir hayli istifade edilmiştir. Ne var ki birçok eseri tahkik edilerek yayımlanan Saçaklızâde’nin bu muhtasar risalesi henüz günümüz okuyucularıyla buluşmamıştır. Araştırmamızda söz konusu eser hem dil, üslup ve yöntem bakımından incelenmiş hem de yayımlanmıştır. Osmanlı âlimlerinin yazdıkları eserler, dönemin ilmî, kültürel ve aktüel hayatına ışık tutan önemli tarihi vesikalardır. Bu çalışmayı önemli kılan da yüzü aşkın eser veren meşhur bir Osmanlı âliminin fıkıh usûlü ilmiyle ilgili yazdığı bir eseri tozlu raflardan gün yüzüne çıkarması ve günümüz okuyucusuyla buluşturmasıdır. Böylece geçmişle günümüz arasındaki ilmî bağın güçlendirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Araştırmanın giriş kısmında Saçaklızâde’nin hayatından söz edilmiştir. Daha sonra İnsânü’l-‘ayn ve ‘aynü’l-insân’ın önemine ve genel özelliklerine yer verilmiştir. Ardından dil, üslup ve yöntem bakımından eserin muhtevası tahlil edilip kaynakları tespit edilmiştir. En sonunda da eserin Arapça metni yayımlanmıştır.
Health Effects of Vitamin D: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization studies v1
Authors: Fang Aiping
Published: October 2022

Preclinical data and observational studies suggest that vitamin D has wide-ranging skeletal and extra-skeletal effects. However, it remains controversial whether the link between vitamin D and many health outcomes is causal or not. Mendelian randomization (MR) provides an alternative approach to facilitate causal inference in an observational setting. Here, we will systematically summarize and evaluate the evidence on vitamin D and various health outcomes from MR studies.
WhatsApp, Polarization, and Non-Conventional Political Participation: Chile and Colombia Before the Social Outbursts of 2019
Authors: Scherman Andrés , Etchegaray Nicolle , Browne Magdalena , Mazorra Diego , Rojas Hernando
Published: October 2022

Chile and Colombia are two South American countries with political and economic similarities that, during 2019, faced strong social outbursts, which translated into massive street protests and the weakening of their governments. Using data collected in the period immediately prior to the start of this social unrest, this study seeks to establish the role played by strong-tied social media—which are generally homogeneous, formed by close people, and with a high potential for influencing their members—in three phenomena associated with political conflict: (a) perceived political polarization, (b) affective polarization, and (c) non-conventional political participation. To estimate this influence, information collected through surveys in Chile in 2017 and Colombia in 2018 was used within the framework of the Comparative National Elections project. In both countries, probabilistic samples were employed to do face-to-face interviews with samples of over 1,100 people. In both countries, the results show that the use of social media with strong ties, specifically WhatsApp, tends to be related to two of the studied phenomena: perceived political polarization and non-conventional participation. An interaction is also observed between WhatsApp use and political ideology that amplifies the degree of perceived political polarization, affective polarization, and participation in one or both of the countries studied. We conclude by arguing that this dual phenomenon of polarization and participation can be problematic for democracy, since polarized groups (or groups that have the perception that there is ideological polarization in the political elite) tend to consider the position of the rest of the citizens to be illegitimate, thus undermining collective problem-solving.
Whole-exome sequencing of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Timechko E. E. , Shilkina O. S. , Oreshkova N. V. , Kobanenko V. O. , Osipova E. A. , Shnayder N. A. , Dmitrenko D. V.
Published: October 2022

Background. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is the most common type of idiopathic generalized epilepsy with onset in adolescence and adulthood. During medical genetic counseling in probands with JME, aggravated epilepsy-related heredity is often detected. However, specific genetic variants of JME predisposition remain inconclusive. The use of contemporary methods of genetic analysis, particularly whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, allows to detect, confirm and strengthen an association of any certain pathological phenotype with one or another pathogenic variant in a number of genes.

Objective: to analyze the results of whole exome sequencing in patients with JME and seek for JME associations.

Material and methods. The study included 7 patients with established JME diagnosis and 1 proband child without clinical signs of epilepsy. Whole exome sequencing was carried out by using MiSeq (Illumina, USA), bioinformatics analysis was performed on the Genomenal platform (Novel Software Systems, Russia).

Results. Heterozygous carriage of pathogenic variants in the genes of recessive diseases was revealed: SACS, AHI1, CEP164, ANO10, RMND1, POMGNT1, FLG, ACTB. The analysis of the identified genetic variants in the patients examined showed no association with the clinical picture of the disease. Heterozygous missense mutations in CLCN2, EFHC1, JRK, ME2 genes and frameshift mutation in the CACNB4 gene were detected.

 Conclusion. In recent years, significant efforts were made to identify genes which predispose to JME. During our study, monogenic and/or polygenic pathogenic variants in patients with JME and a child of proband with JME were not identified. The high genetic heterogeneity of JME can explain numerous unsuccessful attempts to find genes predisposing to JME. Further research is necessary to confirm variants associated with potential JME. Advances in genomic technology can expand our understanding of the genetics of this pathology.
Temporal lobe white matter pathways: clinical and anatomical examination related to surgery of drug-resistant structural focal epilepsy
Authors: Sufianov A. A. , Shelyagin I. S. , Simfukwe K. , Markin E. S. , Stefanov S. Zh. , Yakimov Yu. A. , Akimova P. O. , Sufianov R. A.
Published: October 2022

Background. Detected temporal lobe focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) often results in developing drug-resistant epilepsy requiring surgical treatment. In turn, temporal lobectomy, despite its high efficiency, can cause a certain deficit associated with direct or indirect damage to the brain pathways.

Objective: to describe the main anatomical features of temporal lobe brain pathways and clinical outcomes of surgical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy that developed in temporal lobe FCD.

Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 14 patients with drug-resistant structural focal epilepsy (temporal lobe FCD) who underwent surgery (anterior temporal lobectomy) was carried out. To localize the epileptogenic zone, specialists of the multidisciplinary group performed a comprehensive presurgical examination in all participants. The surgical material was examined by a neuromorphologist, the diagnosis was verified. In the postoperative period, patients underwent a series of control examinations at standard time points (after 3, 6, 12, 36 months). The minimum follow-up period was 12 months. As a part of the anatomical study, 6 brain hemispheres were investigated prepared for the white matter fibers dissection using Klingler technique. The main pathways that run within or near the temporal lobe were selectively examined: the lower longitudinal, medial longitudinal, lower fronto-occipital and uncinate fasciculi.

Results. In the postoperative period, no complications were observed in 14.3% of patients after 4 cm resection of the temporal lobe subdominant hemisphere. Speech disorders (mostly transient) were detected in 35.7% of the subjects, visual field disorders (mainly transient) – in 21.4%, neuropsychiatric disorders – in 43.9%. Overall seizure control: 93% of patients achieved class I according to Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale.

Conclusion. Anterior temporal lobectomy can be considered as a highly effective method of surgical treatment of drug-resistant structural focal epilepsy with a high rate of achieving control over epileptic seizures in the postoperative period. However, the mandatory conditions for maintaining the quality of life for patients after such a surgical intervention include preoperative analysis of the risk of adverse effects performed by a multidisciplinary team as well as postoperative management and rehabilitation.
Comparative study of the effectiveness of anti-aging cream with hydroquinone and broadband pulsed light in melasma
Authors: Sidorenko Olga A. , Opruzhenkova Evgeniya P. , Arkatova Ekaterina  A.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:Melasma is one of the most common types of hyperpigmentation that significantly impair the quality of life of patients. Despite the availability of effective means and methods of hyperpigmentation therapy, to date there are no clear protocols for the management of patients with melasma.
AIM:of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of anti-aging cream (2% hydroquinone and 0.025% tretinoin) as part of the complex therapy of melasma in women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:The article presents data on the comparative evaluation of the clinical efficacy of anti-aging cream (2% hydroquinone and 0.025% tretinoin) in the treatment of melasma in 30 women aged 35 to 46 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n=10) received external therapy with anti-aging cream once a day at night for 3 months, group 2 (n=10) received phototherapy with Lumenis M22 Universal IPL Module 1 time a month for 3 months, group 3 (n=10) ― anti-aging cream + phototherapy with Lumenis M22 Universal IPL 1 time per month for 3 months.
Before the start of therapy, the severity of melasma was determined for all patients based on the calculation of the MASI index (Melasma Area and Severity Index) and the MSS index (Melasma Severity Scale), the level of melanin in the skin was also measured by the method of mexametry, the impact of melasma on the quality of life (QOL) was assessed based on the MELASQoL questionnaire. The effectiveness of therapy was evaluated based on the dynamics of changes in the MASI index and the parameters of the mex before treatment and after 29 days of therapy. Comparison of MELASQoL indicators was carried out before treatment, after 29 days of therapy and 3 months.
RESULTS:Studies have shown that the most pronounced clinical efficacy, namely, a decrease in the severity of melasma, a decrease in the amount of melanin in the skin and an improvement in QOL was observed in 3 group of patients who received combined therapy with anti-aging cream and phototherapy with Lumenis M22 Universal IPL 1 time per month for 3 months. Also, in group 1 patients who received only external therapy with anti-aging cream, there was a significant decrease in the level of melanin in the skin and an improvement in the quality of life after 29 days of therapy and after 3 months of treatment.
CONCLUSIONS:The combination of anti-aging cream with hydroquinone with broadband pulsed lights is an effective method of correcting melasma.
Estimation of Site Terms in Ground-Motion Models for California Using Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratios from Microtremor
Authors: Pinilla-Ramos Camilo , Abrahamson Norman , Kayen Robert
Published: October 2022

The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios from microtremor (mHVSR) data obtained at 196 seismic stations in California are used to evaluate three alternative microtremor-based proxies for site amplification for use in ground-motion models (GMMs): the site fundamental period (f0), the period-dependent amplitude of the mHVSR(T), and the normalized amplitude of the mHVSR(T). The alternative parameters are evaluated for the sites with and without measurements of VS30. If a VS30 measurement is not available for a site, then f0 has the highest correlation with the site amplification for short periods (T <1 s) and the normalized amplitude of the mHVSR(T) has the highest correlation for long periods (T ≥1 s). If a measurement of the VS30 is available for a site, then the normalized amplitude of the mHVSR(T) has the highest correlation for the site amplification not explained by VS30 for all periods. For both cases, the correlations are strongest at the longer periods as mHVSR(T) measurements excel at providing valuable information for sites with long-period amplification due to the deeper velocity structure. In particular, for sites with a VS30 measurement, the normalized mHVSR(T) amplitude provides more information about the long-period site terms than the basin depth currently used in GMMs. Empirical models of the median and standard deviation of the site terms based on the normalized mHVSR(T) curves are developed for the two cases. These models can be used directly in the ASK14 GMM to modify the median and aleatory standard deviation or they can be used to estimate the site-specific site term in the context of a partially nonergodic GMM. Including the mHVSR(T) measurement can have a significant effect on estimates of the ground motion at a site: the range 5%–95% on the observed HVSR(T) values corresponds to factors of 0.6–1.6 for the median spectral acceleration for periods between 0.5 and 4 s.
Determination of the Effects of Combined use of Paenibacillus sp. S1S22 Strain and Ulva lactuca Extract on Seed Germination and Growth of Tomato Plant
Authors: ÖZDEMİR KOÇAK Fadime , SEVİM Gülçin , ÇİĞDEM Uğur , ÜNAL Dilek
Published: October 2022

In recent years, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) have been used as biofertilizers that increase agricultural productivity and plant resistance to changing environmental conditions such as drought, salinity and heat stress. One of the proposed new approaches to increase plant productivity, especially under stress conditions, is using algae extracts, which usually consist of naturally occurring bioactive compounds. Paenibacillus sp. S1S22 isolated from sediment was tested for its performance in indole acetic acid production (IAA), nitrogen (N) fixation, phosphate solubilization, proteolytic activity, and cellulose activity. Its antimicrobial activity was also determined against different pathogens of Paenibacillus sp. S1S22. Tomato seeds were incubated with the S1S22 strain, and the S1S22 strain supplemented with U. lactuca. The seeds incubated with deionized water were used as control. As a result, we demonstrated that the addition of U. lactuca extract to tomato seedlings incubated with Paenibacillus sp. S1S22 strain increased the root and stem length compared to the control. The results indicate that macroalgae in combination with PGPR may be a much more effective way of promoting plant growth.
Real-world observational study to capture practice pattern of controlled ovarian stimulation in the in vitro-fertilization and embryo transfer or intracytoplasmic sperm injection-2
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Dave Vishal , Mehta Sonal , Shah Ankita
Published: October 2022

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the practice patterns of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in patients who underwent in vitro-fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).Methods: In REAL-COS (REAL-world observational study to capture practice pattern of COS in IVF-ET/ ICSI cycle) study, data was collected by 138 clinicians across India between April 2021 and March 2022 in a retrospective manner.Results: Data of 1651 subfertility female patients were evaluated. The mean (SD) age was 31.8 (3.9) years and majority (77.8%) of the patients were aged <35 years. Obese patients constituted 28.1% of the total population. The majority (79.5%) of the patients had primary subfertility and the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was the most (27.8%) common cause of subfertility. Nearly equal percent of patients were treated with frozen or fresh embryo transfer. Most (~96%) of the patients received GnRH antagonist protocol wherein cetrorelix acetate was the most common drug (98.7%) while ~4% patients received GnRH agonist protocol wherein luprorelin was the most common one (83%). The most commonly used gonadotropin was recombinant follicle stimulating hormone alone therapy (rFSH, 49.2%). Majority (51.8%) of the patients were initiated at 225 IU dose of gonadotropin for COS. For ovulation trigger, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was used in majority (59%) of the cases. Treatment with rFSH alone therapy resulted in max mean no. of oocytes and mean metaphase-II oocytes as compared with other treatments.Conclusions: This real-world observational study reports primary subfertility as the major reason for IVF-ET/ICSI in the study population. The GnRH antagonist protocol was followed by most of the clinicians participating in this study. rFSH was the most commonly used gonadotropin. rFSH alone therapy yielded the greatest number of oocytes and metaphase II oocytes versus other treatments.
Nodular fasciitis-often a tumor mimic
Authors: Jaganathan Sriram
Published: October 2022

Nodular fasciitis is a benign proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. It is frequently mistaken for a sarcomatous lesion because of its rapid growth, imaging features and aggressive pathological findings. Though imaging plays a vital role in evaluating these lesions, strong suspicion with a careful histopathology is the final answer. We present a patient with nodular fasciitis involving the upper extremity. A 15-year-old boy presented with complaints of progressively increasing right wrist swelling since 2 months, and had been having severe pain on exertion. On clinical examination the swelling was tender. MRI revealed T2 hyperintense lesion along the volar-lateral aspect of wrist, completely encasing the abductor pollicis longus tendon and indenting the extensor pollicis brevis tendon. Per operatively, the tumor was seen to involve the abductor pollicis longus tendon sheath and insinuating between the tendons. Excision biopsy was performed and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of nodular fasciitis.
Community survey on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of blood donation in Ebonyi State, Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nnachi Oluomachi C. , Akpa Chinedu O. , Onwe Ogah E. , Nwani Emmanuel I. , Nwani Favour O. , Ekpagu Victor , Onoh Toochukwu J.
Published: October 2022

Background: Blood transfusion is a vital component of health care delivery. The populace perspective on blood donation is critical to ensure adequate and safe blood supply. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of blood donation among adults in a southeastern state in Nigeria.Methods:  This was a community-based cross-sectional study. A total of 636 participants aged 18-60 years participated in the study. Multi-stage and systematic random sampling was involved in selection of study participants and pretested questionnaires were administered. Fishers exact test was used to test statistical significance and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of outcome and control of confounding variables.Results: Majority, 71.2% of the participants were assessed as having good knowledge while 62.9% had a good attitude towards blood donation but only 32.5% had good practice. Most of the reasons for not donating blood include that no one asked for it (42.3%) and didn’t think of it (24.7%). Males, higher education level, and being an orthodox church member were positively associated with good blood donation attitude.Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude towards blood donation is good. However, the level of practice is low. The most important reasons for not donating blood include lack of information on when it is needed and self-perceived risks of pain, anemia, and unfitness due to manual/farm work. Community education on the safety of blood donation practices and establishment of donor reminder systems are needed to improve blood donation practices.
Evaluating the Impact of COVID-19 on Pension Systems in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Case of Argentina
Authors: Rofman Rafael , Baliña Joaquín , López Emanuel
Published: October 2022

This paper presents a first approximation to assess the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Argentinas pension system in both the short and medium/long-term. To this end, we have used the Pension Projection Model of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) to design and analyze possible scenarios and outcomes, based on alternative scenarios. According to the data analyzed and the projections, the impact of COVID-19 on Argentinas pension system in the short run seems to have been limited, particularly given the rapid recovery during the last months of 2021. The long-term impact is harder to predict. Given the macroeconomic effects of the efforts made by authorities to protect the system and pensioners during the pandemic on the one hand; and the effects of COVID-19 within the labor market on the other, overall consequences are still to be fully understood.
Significant Role of the Human Development Index in Alleviating Poverty
Authors: Lestari Etty Puji , Rahayu Heffi Christya , Retnaningsih Tri Kurniawati , Suhartono Suhartono
Published: October 2022

During the pandemic, most of the population not only experienced a decrease in income but also experienced losses in various dimensions of life, such as health, education, and a decent standard of living. So far, poverty is measured by expenditure, and it has not been able to capture all of the above dimensions. Assessing multidimensional poverty provides more specific information so that policies are more relevant. This study evaluates factors and policies related to poverty in Indonesia, especially during the pandemic, using pooled data regression. The variables used are the Human Development Index (HDI), gross domestic product (GDP), population, and wages in 34 provinces in Indonesia from 2012 to 2021. The results show that HDI has a significant negative influence and population has a positive and significant influence on poverty. In Indonesia, the pandemic reduced people's incomes, which increased poverty. Unlike other studies, this study shows that the 2020 wage stagnation policy implemented by the government effectively reduces poverty in Indonesia. During this period of economic recovery, the policies for providing employment and meeting public needs are believed to reduce the level of poverty.
Conditioning Regimens in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Do Not Fit All: Adjusting BuCy2 in Mexico to Improve Outcomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)
Authors: León-Rodríguez Eucario , Rivera-Franco Monica M.
Published: October 2022

Background: Conditioning regimens are critical for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). After unfavorable results using BuCy2 at the beginning of our HCT Program, a restructuring was made with the consequent development of a modified HCT method including a reduced conditioning regimen. The objective of this study was to describe the outcomes using Reduced BuCy2 (rBuCy2) in allo-HCT.
Materials and Methods: Data from 38 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who underwent allo-HCT conditioned with rBuCy2 in a 21-year period were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Most patients were males (53%) and the median age was 35 years. The most common disease was myelodysplastic syndrome (55%). Toxicity grades III-IV were observed in 44%; and acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease were observed in 26% and 34%, respectively; the median follow-up was 26 months; 30-day non-relapse mortality (NRM) was 3%, and 1 and 2-year NRM were 8%. Ten-year overall survival (OS) was 60%, and 86%, for AML and MDS, respectively.
Conclusion: Our rBuCy2 maintains a myeloablative effect, along with immunosuppression for fast engraftment and more importantly, this regimen reduces grades III-IV acute GVHD and NRM in allo-HCT and improves the OS and it appears to be an option for low and middle-income countries.
Evaluation of Drug Interactions in Hospitalized Patients with Malignancy
Authors: Hatefi Shahabeddin , Kadkhodaei Aida , Nejati Babak , Ghaffary Saba
Published: October 2022

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) occurs when the pharmacological effect of a drug is altered due to concomitant administration with other drugs. DDIs still remain a serious issue; thus, we conducted this retrospective study to evaluate DDIs prevalence in our care center.
Methods: All admitted patients with any kind of malignancies that received at least two medications from oncology and non-oncology classifications during six months were enrolled in this study. All relevant data including, patients’ demographic information, diagnosis, hospitalization duration, and all administered medication during hospitalization were recorded. The DDI was assessed by using the latest version of Lexi-interact.
Results: Each patient received a mean number of 11.6±4.7 medications. The number of non-oncology drugs demonstrated a remarkable correlation with the number of interactions (P<0.001). Whereas, the number of oncology drugs does not have any relation with the number of interactions (P=0.64). Among the 763 detected DDIs during this study, the incidence of major, moderate and minor interactions were 31.2%, 61.4%, and 7.3%, respectively.
Conclusion: Our results highlighted the clinical significance of DDIs, considering that 104 (92%) patients had at least one DDI. The main reason that could have potentially contributed to this outcome is the complicated nature of cancer treatment and clinical management. We believe that using computer software to collect all prescribed and OTC collaboration of clinical pharmacists with oncologists can reduce the potential interactions prior to drug administration.
High Frequency of Microsatellite Instability among Non-Metastatic Gastric Cancer
Authors: Fanaei Khadijeh , Salahshourifar Iman , Ameli Fereshteh , Esfandbod Mohsen , Irani Shiva
Published: October 2022

Background: Microsatellite instability (MSI) is considered a key factor in carcinogenesis and a genetic alteration pattern in many types of cancers such as gastric cancer (GC). Although the role of MSI in colorectal cancer (CRC) is well known, its prognostic impact on GC has not been clearly defined. The assessment of MSI in GC has not been documented in the Iranian population yet. Therefore, this study analyzed the association of MSI status with GC in Iranian patients.
Materials and Methods: We compared the frequency of MSI at 5 loci from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) gastrectomy specimens, between metastatic and non-metastatic cases of GC (N = 60). A panel of five quasi-monomorphic markers and a single dinucleotide marker with linker-based fluorescent primers was used.
Results: MSI was observed in 46.6% of cases, including MSI-high (H) (33.3%) and MSI-Low (L) (13.3%). Moreover, the most unstable and stable markers in our study were NR-21 and BAT-26 accordingly. MSI-H and MSI were seen more frequently in non-metastatic tumors (p= 0.028 and p= 0.019, respectively).
Conclusion: The current study showed MSI status more frequently in non-metastatic GC which may reflect a good prognostic factor in GC like CRC. Although, larger and more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm this statement. A panel consisting of NR-21, BAT-25, and NR-27 mononucleotide markers appears to be reliable and useful markers for detecting MSI in GC in Iranian patients.
A Study of Training Needs Assessment of Doctors and Nurses in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study in Punjab, India.
Authors: Kaur Amanpreet , Singh Jagdeep
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Training has a distinct role in the achievement of an organizational goal..  The present study  aimed  to identify the training needs of the doctors and nurses in the hospital and to prioritize these training needs.
Methods: The study was   a cross sectional study which was conducted in Sri Guru Ram Das charitable Hospital Vallah, Amritsar, Punjab,India, among doctors and nurses from october to December 2019. A total of 100 doctors and nurses through Convenient Sampling were interviewed after taking informed consent. The World Health Organization–adopted Hennessy Hicks Training Needs Analysis Questionnaire, a self-reported close-ended structured questionnaire with a core set of  30 items was used. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20 version. Descriptive statistics mean and  (SD) were calculated for quantitative data and frequency ( percentages) for qualitative data. independent sample  t-test was applied to compare importance and performance scores among doctors and nurses. p value less than 0.05 and 0.01 were considered significant and highly significant respectively.
Results: There is maximum training need in research activities (average difference score of 1.5) followed by the supervisory /managerial tasks (1.2) and clinical tasks (1.1). For research activities mean (SD) difference of average score for importance and performance was 2.0 (  1.10)  among doctors and 1.6 among nurses  (0.72) while for administrative tasks it was 1.5 ( 1.10) and 0.6 (0.96) for doctors and nurses respectively. For supervisory tasks it was 1.4 (  0.94) among doctors and 0.9(SD 0.78) among nurses.( p value for research activities,  administrative tasks and supervisory task was .03, .000 and .003 respectively)
Conclusions: Among all the categories of activities, maximum training need was found for research activities followed by the supervisory /managerial tasks and clinical tasks.
The Survey of Presenting New Health Services to Middle-aged Population in Health Transformation Plan: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Aalaei Ardakani Mohammad Reza , Hessam Somayeh , Vakili Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Providing health services to middle-aged people is of special importance due to the large population, productivity, and the impact of health behaviors of this age group on various aspects of family health. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the provision of middle-aged health services.
Methods: This was a qualitative   study performed in 2017 in   comprehensive health centers of Yazd city. Central part of Iran. Sixty two individuals (specialists, general practitioners and experts) providing health services in comprehensive health centers were selected through targeted sampling . Interviews were done with a semi-structured individualized method. Questions were asked in the following domains: weaknesses and strengths and recommendations about the method of providing services and its content.
Results: According to the results, 15 weak points and 5 strong points in the method of providing services, and 8 strong points and 7 weak points about the content of health service packages and 17 recommended mechanisms about the improvement of the providing services and 11 recommended mechanisms about improvement of the content of packages were extracted. The main weak points in providing services were such as not observing referring system, lack of insurance coverage for some services, problems in Integrated Health Record System. The weak points of the packages of health services for middle-aged people were as lack of predicting the service packages for levels 2 and 3, repetition of the questions in evaluation, and low attention to social health and traditional medicine.
Conclusion: Concentrating on the improvement of the service providing and the contents of the packages of new health services by utilizing presented recommendations according to professional viewpoints of health service providers helps improve health level in this age group and increase the efficiency in the middle-aged people.
The Effectiveness of Alpha Binaural Beats in Reducing Stress and Rumination and Promoting Sleep Quality in University Students with Poor Sleep Quality
Authors: Shalforoushan Seyed Mohamadreza , Bagherzadeh Golmakani Zahra
Published: October 2022

Background and Objective: Binaural beats are a novel type of non-invasive interventions. The present research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of alpha binaural beats in reducing stress, and rumination and promoting sleep quality in students with poor sleep quality.
Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial in which the statistical population included all university students with poor sleep quality in Mashhad, Iran, in 2020. According to inclusion criteria and ethical considerations, 24 students (12 women and 12 men) took part in this study. To reach the study objectives, the experimental group (12 students) received alpha binaural beats (10 Hz) for 30 minutes for 30 nights, and the control group (12 students) was on the waiting list. The research instruments consisted of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).
Results: Based on demographic variables, there was no significant difference for age and gender between control and experimental groups (P > 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis was performed and showed that alpha binaural beat intervention could have a protective effect on the variables of sleep quality [odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, P < 0.0001], rumination (OR = 0.85, P < 0.0001), and stress (OR = 0.69, P < 0.0001).
Conclusion: Alpha binaural beats play an effective role in reducing perceived stress and rumination and improving sleep quality in students. The present study proposed a novel non-invasive intervention for psychological disorders.
Developing and Validating of Stress Management Training Package Based on the Lived Experiences of Nurses Working in the COVID-19 Ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Yazd, Iran: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Dehghan Tezerjani Ashraf Sadat , Mahmoodabadi Hassan Zareei , Vaziri Yazdi Saeed
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Nurses played an effective role in the fight against COVID-19. The difficult physical and mental conditions that the nurses faced increased the stress in their work and family life. This study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating of stress management training package based on the lived experiences of nurses working in the COVID-19 ward in 2020.
Methods: The study was based on an exploratory sequential mixed method design. The first stage was done qualitatively and based on descriptive phenomenological strategy. Based on targeted sampling, 20 nurses were selected from the COVID-19 ward of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd. The semi-structured interview was conducted, recorded, and written. In the quantitative stage for the validation of the package, while using the face validity and content validity, a panel of 12 experts was used for evaluation .
Results: After extracting 9 main categories, the training package was developed according to the findings. Content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were used to validate it. The coefficients in all items for the CVI were higher than 0.79 and for the CVR were higher than 0.56.
Conclusion: Empowering nurses in stress management is one of the effective ways to deal with this disease. Also, the training package has good face and content validity and has the necessary validity for educational and research applications.
USE OF UNICONAZOLE IN GROWTH REGULATION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN MAIZE
Authors: DEMBOCURSKI DIOGO , DISNER ELAINE CRISTINA , SCHUELTER ADILSON RICKEN , SOUZA ISABEL REGINA PRAZERES DE , MACHADO COELHO SILVIA RENATA , CHRIST DIVAIR
Published: October 2022

The current paper evaluated the incubation time, and doses of Uniconazole (UCZ) applied to maize seeds to verify the plants’ response at different phenological stages. MSG1001 hybrid seeds were treated with UCZ (0, 50, and 100 mg.kg-1 of seed) with different incubation times (IT – 1 min and 12 h). In the lab experiment, the treated seeds were displaced in rolls of the previously moistened Germitest paper and incubated for a week in a BOD chamber at 25ºC with a 12-hour photoperiod. In the greenhouse experiments, sowing was carried out in pots with sand, and supplementary irrigation was applied for ten days. In the field experiment, sowing was performed with 0.5 m spacing between rows in densities of 75,000 and 65,000 plants.ha-1. In the BOD and the greenhouse, the design of both experiments was entirely randomized in a double-factor scheme (IT x UCZ). A randomized block design in a triple-factor scheme (IT x UCZ x Population) was used in the field experiment. Seed treatment with UCZ did not promote germination inhibition. The concentration of 100 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed in the 12-hour IT resulted in a more significant accumulation of root mass in seedlings after one week in the BOD. In the greenhouse, plants in the V1 stage presented longer shoot lengths for the treatments that received UCZ. Incubation time influenced root length, and IT = 12 h at a concentration of 50 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed was more efficient than IT = 1 min. Application of 100 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed was more effective for accumulating chlorophylls A and B in IT = 1 min. In the field, seeds treated with UCZ changed plants for female flowering and the number of green leaves below the ear. The population of 75,000 plants.ha-1 was more productive, with UCZ contributing to the hybrid’s yield. Incubation of the seeds with 50 or 100 mg UCZ kg-1 of seed in IT = 1 min contributed to more productivity than IT = 12 h. The grains’ starch content increased with the application of UCZ at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 of seed, and the starch percentage was modified according to population density and incubation time.
Proteção e Degradação do Meio Ambiente
Authors: Théry Hervé , De Melo-Théry Neli Aparacida
Published: October 2022

O Atlas do Brasil (atualmente no prelo na Edusp, editora da USP) contém um capítulo dedicado ao meio ambiente. Por que um capítulo específico em um atlas que se esforça por integrar, tanto quanto possível, fatos da sociedade e da natureza? Anteriormente teria sido normal consagrar um capítulo à parte ao meio natural (distinguindo relevo, geologia, hidrografia, clima, vegetação), considerado – na melhor das hipóteses – como um conjunto de recursos oferecidos à valorização econômica. Hoje, a abordagem mudou, porque o tema dos recursos naturais e de sua gestão foi reconsiderado e tem sido objeto de múltiplos debates.
GEOHISTÓRIA NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA: UMA REFLEXÃO SOBRE AS TRANSFORMAÇÕES TERRITORIAIS NA FRONTEIRA DO SUDESTE PARAENSE
Authors: Lobato Mateus Monteiro , Silva Júnior Aluísio Fernandes
Published: October 2022

Este artigo é um esforço intelectual para compreender uma parte das transformações territoriais ocorridas na fronteira amazônica, especificamente o Sudeste Paraense. Tendo em vista esse enfoque, buscamos lançar um olhar sobre a trajetória histórica da fronteira tentando capturar os principais desdobramentos na malha territorial. A premissa teórica subjacente a análise é de que as determinações gerais da reprodução do capital incidentes ao longo do tempo animaram os sujeitos sociais a impingir mudanças territoriais. Logo, as principais atividades econômicas desenvolvidas no Sudeste Paraense: caucho, castanha, madeireira, pecuária e mineração, são responsáveis por instrumentalizar os sujeitos sociais que atuam no território. O recorte temporal foi estipulado a partir da primeira atividade relevante conduzida no Sudeste Paraense até os dias atuais. E a representação cartográfica procurou capturar os momentos chaves de cada uma dessas atividades econômicas.
USOS DA ÁGUA E CONFLITOS SOCIOAMBIENTAIS NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO CAETÉ (AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE): TIPOLOGIA DE USOS E USOS COMPETITIVOS
Authors: Costa Francisco Émerson Vale , Sombra Daniel , Bordalo Carlos Alexandre Leão
Published: October 2022

O artigo identifica os principais tipos de uso da água presentes na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Caeté, categorizando-os por tipologia, e apresentando o caso de usos competitivos. Usos competitivos ocorrem situações em que uma forma de uso compromete outra sem que haja disputa explícita entre os atores envolvidos. Nessas situações, há um conflito potencial, mas não de fato. Trata-se, portanto, de uma contribuição para a gestão dos recursos hídricos e das bacias hidrográficas na Amazônia brasileira, a partir do caso desta bacia situada no nordeste do estado do Pará, à luz da perspectiva da análise dos conflitos socioambientais, nesse caso, latentes. Como procedimentos metodológicos para a identificação dos usos, foram realizados trabalhos de campo nos de 2015, 2016 e 2017, acompanhados de posterior elaboração e síntese cartográfica no Laboratório de Análise Ambiental e Representação Cartográfica (LARC/NUMA/UFPA), além de pesquisa documental (sobre dados secundários disponibilizados por instituições de gestão (SEMAS/PA, CPRM e IBGE).
AGÊNCIAS REGULADORAS ATUANDO NO SANEAMENTO BÁSICO - A REGULAÇÃO DO SANEAMENTO NO MUNICÍPIO DE BELÉM
Authors: Souza Evelyn Thais Abreu de , Fenzl Norbert , Flores Maria do Socorro Almeida
Published: October 2022

Um dos serviços públicos essenciais à sadia qualidade de vida é saneamento básico, devendo ser garantido e assegurado pelo Estado à sociedade em geral, prestado de forma a atender a toda a população. O Poder Público por meio de suas instituições, tem a responsabilidade de implementar políticas públicas para o saneamento básico. Esta pesquisa se realiza no marco dos 10 anos da aprovação da Política Nacional de Saneamento Básico no Brasil de 2007, parte por considerar as mudanças que o setor do saneamento requer, dentre elas a delegação deste serviço a terceiros, entidades não integrantes da Administração Pública, na forma de contrato de concessão, considerada uma medida importante para a eficiência do serviço prestado. Nesse contexto, dentre as diretrizes instituídas pela Lei Federal nº 11.445/2007, encontram-se a institucionalização das Agências Reguladoras, responsáveis pela regulação, fiscalização e do controle do serviço concedido. A presente pesquisa pauta brevemente a história das ações de saneamento em Belém, identifica os pontos mais relevantes da atuação das entidades gestoras e suas atribuições na efetivação do direito ao saneamento, apontando a real função da Agência Reguladora em cumprimento aos princípios e objetivos da regulação.
APROXIMAÇÃO ENTRE AGRICULTORES E CONSUMIDORES DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19: EXPERIÊNCIAS DE PESQUISA-AÇÃO EM PROL DOS CIRCUITOS CURTOS DE COMERCIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: De Aquino Tayná Portilho , Souza Gabriele Paula da Silva e , Aviz Larissa Beatriz Da Silva , Simões Aquiles Vasconcelos
Published: October 2022

Este artigo científico relata o diálogo, convivência e experiência do GEDAF (Grupo de Estudos Diversidade Socioagroambiental na Amazônia) com o Gruca (Grupo para Consumo Agroecológico) e o Instituto Iacitatá de Cultura Alimentar, que são grupos relevantes para a agroecologia e segurança alimentar e nutricional no estado do Pará. A parceria resultou, entre outras ações, na criação de um portfólio de uma agricultura parceira dos grupos, moradora do Assentamento Abril Vermelho em Santa Bárbara no Pará. A atividade ocorreu a partir das demandas colocadas pelos dois grupos e com base na pesquisa-ação e focou na história de vida da agricultora e no território. A pesquisa e ação é oriunda do Eixo 1 de pesquisa do GEDAF em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19. Com o portfólio, é possível aproximar agricultores e consumidores, estimulando os circuitos curtos de comercialização em tempos de crise sanitária e social, na qual a aproximação física é inviável.
CONTROLE AMBIENTAL DE EMPREENDIMENTOS HIDRELÉTRICOS DE PEQUENO PORTE: LICENCIAMENTO E MONITORAMENTO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Flores Maria do Socorro Almeida , Cristino Alex Ruffeil , Flores Tamara Almeida
Published: October 2022

O controle ambiental de atividades de geração de energia por hidrelétricas de pequeno porte é definido por procedimentos legais previstos em normas federais e estaduais. Entretanto, a falta de regulamentação específica para elaboração dos termos de referência do licenciamento e monitoramentos ambiental comprometem a avaliação dos reais impactos causados pelo empreendimento. O presente estudo analisou os componentes e padrões bióticos adotados nesses termos de referência do licenciamento ambiental de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas, realizado pelo órgão estadual de controle ambiental, com fins de proceder à avaliação dos impactos provocados pela implantação desses empreendimentos e a capacidade de resiliência do meio. Foram revisados os processos de licenciamento ambiental das pequenas centrais hidrelétricas instaladas no Estado do Pará, e a literatura jurídica e ambiental para identificar quais componentes e padrões biológicos são selecionados na elaboração dos termos de referência. Ademais, foi realizada uma análise dos dados do monitoramento dos empreendimentos em operação apresentados à SEMAS-PA. Como resultado tem-se que os processos de licenciamento e monitoramento das pequenas centrais hidrelétricas em operação no Estado do Pará não apresentaram diretrizes formais sobre o processo de resiliência do meio transformado, o que torna a análise ambiental dessas centrais hidrelétricas inviável, dificultando o poder de polícia ambiental no âmbito do Estado.
PARAUAPEBAS E A DEPENDÊNCIA MINERAL: LIÇÕES DO PASSADO E DESAFIOS DO PRESENTE
Authors: Kzam Athila Lima , Rocha Gilberto Miranda , Silva Anderson Fontes , Pantoja Noelle
Published: October 2022

O artigo discute a dependência econômica do município de Parauapebas no tocante à mineração, sobretudo em relação ao repasse da Compensação Financeira pela Exploração Mineral (CFEM). Para tanto, realiza um breve resgate histórico de dois projetos na Amazônia Oriental organizados entorno de apenas uma única matriz produtiva. Assim, o objetivo geral é analisar a dependência de Parauapebas em relação à mineração e reconhecer os principais erros em Fordlândia e Serra do Navio para não serem repetidos em Parauapebas. Foram realizadas pesquisas de base documental, bibliográfica, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação direta. Os resultados indicam que o debate acerca da arrecadação municipal deve ser realizado conjuntamente com uma nova forma de pensar o desenvolvimento do município que considere o iminente encerramento das atividades de mineração destacando a urgência em desenvolver um planejamento territorial que se traduza na diversificação produtiva.