bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KINERJA MESIN MANUAL MELALUI PENGGUNAAN METODE OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS (OEE) DAN IDENTIFIKASI SIX BIG LOSSES
Authors: Siagian Wesly , Mardianti Noramti
Published: April 2024

Penurunan produktivitas mesin atau peralatan dapat menyebabkan kerugian bagi perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, metode Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) digunakan sebagai alat pengukuran untuk mengevaluasi tingkat efektivitas penggunaan mesin atau peralatan dengan memperhitungkan ketersediaan mesin, performansi, dan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Selain itu, dilakukan perhitungan menggunakan metode Six Big Losses untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab kerugian yang menyebabkan rendahnya nilai OEE. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan di PT XYZ, hasil menunjukkan bahwa persentase nilai availability mesin memiliki variasi, dimana terdapat nilai tertinggi sebesar 53,03% dan nilai terendah sebesar 10,23%. Sedangkan, untuk nilai performance efficiency, ditemukan nilai tertinggi mencapai 99,45% dan nilai terendah sebesar 68,99%. Untuk aspek kualitas produk, persentase rate of quality product memiliki variasi nilai tertinggi sebesar 99,12% dan nilai terendah sebesar 93,92%. Hasil rata-rata OEE yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini mencapai 31,15%. Analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya produktivitas mesin atau peralatan dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk masalah ketersediaan mesin, kinerja yang tidak optimal, dan kualitas produk yang kurang baik.
ANALISIS RISIKO RANTAI PASOK MENGGUNAKAN METODE SUPPLY CHAIN OPERATION REFERENCE (SCOR) DAN HOUSE OF RISK (HOR) PADA RUMAH PRODUKSI BERAS SIUNG MAS PT BERAU COAL
Authors: Fawwas Asrory Fahriza , Sima Datuan Seniola , Dhinar Hasto Wisnugroho Anthonius , Yahya Ramy
Published: April 2024

Rumah produksi Beras Siung Mas didirikan oleh Yayasan Dharma Bhakti Berau Coal dan menjadi unit bisnis yang dikelola oleh tim Community Enterprise Development (CED) sebagai upaya memberdayakan dan membangun kemandirian petani lokal di Kabupaten Berau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko rantai pasok pada jaringan rantai pasok rumah produksi Beras Siung Mas. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi risiko menggunakan metode SCOR dan HOR diperoleh 20 kejadian risiko dan 27 sumber risiko dengan 4 sumber risiko prioritas yaitu: waktu proses pengeringan yang lama (A9), pengaruh cuaca (A4), penyimpanan gabah terlalu lama (A17) dan proses pengeringan yang kurang sempurna (A8). Ada 10 rekomendasi mitigasi risiko untuk menangani sumber risiko prioritas dan kemudian dilakukan perangkingan berdasarkan nilai Effectiveness to Difficulty (ETD) yaitu: dilakukan pengukuran kadar air untuk gabah (PA10), memperbanyak pembelian gabah kering siap giling dari petani (PA2), pembuatan Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) proses pengeringan gabah (PA9), melakukan pembalikan gabah secara berkala selama proses penjemuran (PA1), menerapkan sistem FIFO (First In First Out) (PA8), memberikan label tanggal masuk gabah ke gudang (PA7), memperbaiki tempat penjemuran gabah (PA3), menyediakan stok gabah siap giling (PA4), menerapkan manajemen pemilihan musim tanam yang tepat (PA5) dan penamahan tenaga kerja (PA6).
PENETAPAN HARGA JUAL PLYWOOD PT. XYZ MENGGUNAKAN PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI METODE FULL COSTING DAN ACTIVITY BASED COSTING
Authors: Dwi Wantira Amanda , Nur Indha Suryani Ade , Imron Zamzani Muhamad
Published: April 2024

Perhitungan biaya produksi mempertimbangkan  semua unsur biaya (konvensional) untuk saat ini dinilai kurang akurat dalam penentuan laba, sehingga dapat memengaruhi perkembangan dan kelangsungan hidup perusahaan.  Penggunaan metode full costing dan metode activity based costing dapat membatu perusahaan menentukan harga pokok produksi (HPP) yang lebih akurat dan dapat mengetaui secara pasti keuntungan yang akan didapatkan. Penelitian ini membandingkan perhitungan HPP antara metode full costing (FC), activity based costing (ABC) dan metode cost plus pricing 10%. Dari hasil perhitungan, didapatkan pada metode FC dengan HPP sebesar Rp 87.445.297.196, harga dasar Rp 10.725.382, dan harga jual Rp 11.797.920. Pada metode ABC dengan HPP sebesar Rp 70.026.806.877, harga dasar Rp 8.588.960, dan harga jual Rp9.447.857. Dari kedua metode tersebut, didapatkan hasil perhitungan FC lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ABC. Dimana selisih untuk hasil perhitungan HPP sebesar Rp 17.418.490.292 dan harga jual sebesar Rp 2.350.063/m³. Hal tersebut dikarenakan pada metode FC membebankan semua elemen biaya produksi sebagai pemicu biaya, sedangkan metode ABC membebankan pada aktivitas yang dilakukan sebagai pemicu biaya. Sehingga dalam menetapkan harga jual dengan mendapatkan keuntungan yang optimal, PT. XYZ dapat menggunakan metode ABC dengan harga jual Rp9.447.857/m³ karena dengan perhitungan menggunakan metode ABC didapatkan perhitungan yang lebih detail dan akurat.
PERENCANAAN DAN PENGENDALIAN PERSEDIAAN MATERIAL MENGGUNAKAN SIMULASI MONTE CARLO DAN EOQ PROBABILISTIK
Authors: Yudistira Febrina Dzuldah , Larasati Aisyah , Nurdiansyah Rudi
Published: April 2024

Pada data historis permintaan menunjukkan adanya stockout pada material utama dalam pelayanan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan permintaan material per hari pada bulan Januari–Desember 2023 dengan Simulasi Monte Carlo, menentukan kuantitas pemesanan yang ekonomis, reorder point dan safety stock menggunakan metode EOQ probabilistik dan membandingkan total biaya persediaan material hasil penelitian dengan  kondisi saat ini. Analisis dilakukan dengan dua metode yang mengkombinasikan metode Simulasi Monte Carlo untuk memprediksi jumlah permintaan pelanggan listrik 3 fasa harian di masa yang akan datang dan EOQ Probabilistik untuk menentukan kuantitas pemesanan yang ekonomis, titik pemesanan kembali dan persediaan pengaman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dengan metode Simulasi Monte Carlo pada material kWh METER 5-80 A, MCB 16 A, MCB 25 A, CABLE POWER NFA2X-T 3X70+1X70 berturut-turut diperoleh 1076 unit, 321 unit, 340 unit, 99.020 meter. Pada analisis EOQ Probabilistik diketahui kuantitas pemesanan yang ekonomis pada kWh METER 5-80 A, MCB 16 A, MCB 25 A, CABLE POWER NFA2X-T 3X70+1X70 berturut-turut sejumlah 72 unit, 47 unit, 48 unit 4000 meter. Selanjutnya, pada persediaan pengaman material kWh METER 5-80 A, MCB 16 A, MCB 25 A, CABLE POWER NFA2X-T 3X70+1X70 berturut-turut sejumlah 12 unit, 5 unit, 7 unit dan 1518 meter. Serta titik pemesanan kembali material kWh METER 5-80 A, MCB 16 A, MCB 25 A, CABLE POWER NFA2X-T 3X70+1X70  berturut-turut sejumlah 73 unit, 54 unit, 53 unit. Pada material kWh METER 5-80 A, MCB 16A, MCB 25A,CABLE POWER NFA2X-T 3X70+1X70 penurunan biaya persediaan berturut-turut sebesar Rp9.400.394, Rp117.629, Rp87.462, Rp2.575.183.
EVALUATION OF SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME ATLANTIC SALMON PRODUCTS IMPORTED TO IRAQ
Authors: N. Y. Karim  , M. S. Alkhshali
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted on salmon(Atlantic salmon)Salmo salar products imported to Iraq, which are a whole fish removed head and tail, fillets, rings, fingers and cubes  evaluating of the sensory characteristics of these products and determining their suitability for human consumption. The products were obtained from  King of  Fish and Meat company ( K.F. M.) , the exclusive agent in Iraq, and all products were within one meal and date, and the validity of each product was from 5/10/2021 to 4/7/2022. Results were as follows: The results of the sensory characteristics (color, flavor, freshness, juiciness, general acceptance) showed asignificant differences (p≤0.05) among salmon fish products, but they did not reach the limits of rejection. The results  above of sensory tests of imported salmon fish products showed that they are suitable for human consumption and proved that they are within acceptable limits after comparing them with research and standard specifications.
FRESH AND CRYOPRESERVED SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF BUFFALO BULLS AS INFLUENCED BY MELATONIN IMPLANTATION
Authors: Z. M. Nsaif  , S. M. Eidan
Published: April 2024

This study explored the effect of melatonin implantation on the fresh and cryopreserved semen quality of Iraqi buffalo bulls (Bubalus bubalis). Nine adult bulls were used and divided equally into three groups. The first group was left without treatment and regarded as control (T1), whereas the second (T2) and third (T3) groups were subcutaneously implanted with 72 and 90 mg of melatonin respectively on the left ear base and repeated one month post the first implantation. Semen was collected for 12 weeks and evaluated weekly for fresh, cooling, and post-cryopreserved (PC) protocols. The T3 group exhibited a higher (P≤0.05) sperm cell individual motility percentage, whereas, the T1 and T2 groups recorded better (P≤0.05) sperm acrosome integrity percentage for fresh semen. A lesser (P≤0.05) total sperm abnormality (TSA) percentage in the T2 and T3 groups and a greater (P≤0.05) sperm acrosome integrity (SAI) percentage in the T3 group were noticed during the cooling preservation. Moreover, the T3 group exhibited a lesser (P≤0.05) TSA percentage whereas, the T2 and T3 groups revealed a leaser (P≤0.05) SAI percentage during the PC period. Concomitantly, lower (P≤0.05) PC malondialdehyde concentration in seminal plasma was observed in the T2 and T3 groups than control group. In conclusion, the melatonin implantation (72 and 90 mg) ameliorated some fresh and PC semen attributes of the Iraqi buffalo bulls.
ESTIMATING OF OKUN'S RELATIONSHIP IN IRAQI AGRICULTURAL SECTOR FOR THE PERIOD 1998-2019 USING BOOTSTRAP ARDL METHODOLOGY
Authors: Al-Badawi, S. A.  , R. T. Al-Wasity
Published: April 2024

This study was aimed to test the relationship between the unemployment rate and agricultural growth rates in the agricultural sector of Iraq according to Okun's Law for the period 1998-2019. The differences and gap versions of Okun's Law for the relationship was conducted, Alongside with Hodrick-Prescott (HP) filter to find the potential production and the Baxter-King (BK) filter to find the trend of unemployment for the agricultural sector, and then to find production and unemployment gaps. Bootstrapping method was used to generate data because the lack of data and Augmented ARDL to identify the cointegration. The result of independent-F test at the level was insignificant with a value of 1.49 for the differences model, that is less than the critical value which is 9.26 of the 0.05 level of significance. While the result of independent-F test at the level of the gap model was 1.89, which is less than the critical value which is 12.8 at 0.05 the level of significance. Thus, confirming the absence of a co-integration relationship between the two variables. This result confirms the complete absence of Okun's relationship with the two versions in the Iraqi agricultural sector.
PHENOTYPIC IDENTIFICATION OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM FISH FARMS (CYPRINUS CARPIO) IN MOSUL CITY
Authors: Jawad Asmaa. J. K. , S.Y.A. Al-Dabbagh
Published: April 2024

This study was aimed to isolation and phenotypic characterization of P. aeruginosa. 75 carp fish samples were collected from fish farms at Mosul city during (September2021 to January 2022). Each sample was placed separately in sterile plastic bags and transferred directly to the microbiology laboratory under cooling conditions. The API20-20E assay was used to confirm P. aeruginosa isolates. Also the isolates were confirmed molecularly by polymerase chain reaction assay using the primer 16srDNA. Through bacterial isolation were obtained (60) isolates, which formed (36.6, 30, 8.3, 25 )% of each of the skin, gills,  intestines and muscles, respectively. The results showed the sensitivity of P. aeruginosa isolates to impenime (IMP10 µg) and cephalosporin (CIP10 µg) reached (86% and 80 %) respectively, followed by levofloxacin (LEV 5 µg) (74%). But resistant (100%) to both amoxicillin (AM10 µg) and tetracycline (TE10 µg). Isolates varied in their sensitivity and resistance to other antibiotics which included, tobramycin (T0B10 µg), gentamycin (CN10 µg) and amikacin (AK30 µg), the study showed that isolates gave positive results for each hemolytic activity, protease, lecithinase and phospholipase virulence factors tests.
ANTISAPROLEGNIA ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE IN BUNNEI (BARBUS SHARPEYI) HATCHERY
Authors: Rana H. H. AL-SHAMMARI
Published: April 2024

Usage of chemicals such as malachite green to disinfect fish eggs in aquaculture has been banned in many countries around the world due to its environmental negative impact. This study aimed to evaluate the Zingiber officinale rhizomes extract as an antifungal agent during incubation period of Bunnei eggs and comparison of its effects with malachite green. For this purpose 24 hours after fertilization, methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes in four groups with a concentration of 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 mg/L and three replications per concentration in a (10 minute) bath every 12 hours and malachite green group with a concentration of 0.1 mg/L for (6 minutes) bath was used twice a day and control group without antifungal agents under the same physiochemical conditions as other treatments were tested. The present study showed that the highest percentage of fungal infection was 41.82±0.5 % for the control group and the lowest 0.3±0.5 % was obtained for the treatment of 1250 mg/L of Zingiber officinale rhizomes. Also, the results showed that there were significant differences between treatments of different concentrates of  Zingiber officinale rhizomes  and  with malachite green group in fungal infection, percentage of fertilization and survival do not exist (P>0.05.)  No apparent deformity and abnormality were observed in the hatched larvae of Bunnei, so the extract of Zingiber officinale rhizomes with concentration 500 mg /L can be used to disinfect  Bunnei eggs during Incubation period and safe material for humans and the environment.
MORPHOMETRIC AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE-BASED IDENTIFICATION OF Taenia hydatigena PARASITES IN STRAY DOGS
Authors: GH. D. Al-Sudani  , A. M. A. Al-Amery
Published: April 2024

Taenia hydatigena, an intestinal parasite of domestic and wild canids which can cause medical problems and economic losses in animals. Thirty T. hydatigena recovered from the intestine of stray dogs after T. hydatigena based on morphological characters and morphometric observations involving Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the scoleces were stained by Semichon's acid carmine and viewed on a light microscope. High-quality SEM photographs were shown the blade dimensions of both large and small hooks (83.89 µm and 48.16 µm) respectively, which was close to measurements by a digital camera. The number of hooks around the rostellum were 30 hooks, and both were equal in number (15 hooks), while the average length of the large hooks was 220.11 ±28.07 µm, and was 88.58 ±7.92, and the average length of small hooks was142.37 ±12.52 µm and was 65.73 ±6.94 µm. body surface of Taenia hydatigena presence of characteristic transverse cuticular striations.
ESTIMATION FOLLICULAR FLUID CONTENTS AND SERUM IN AGEING IRAQI WOMEN-DURING IVF/ICSI CYCLES
Authors: Tiba Adnan K.  , Lina A. Salih
Published: April 2024

This study was aimed to estimate the effects of women age on oocytes quantity and quality and to determine whether there is a correlation between serum and follicular hormone levels. The samples were collected in the higher institute for the diagnosis of infertility and assisted reproduction techniques, Baghdad, Iraq. The 60 participants were split into two age groups, G1involved women younger than 35, while G2 involved women older than 35 years of age. The levels of FSH, LH, AMH, and GH in the serum and follicular fluid (FF) could be measured using (ELISA). The results demonstrated differences in the serum levels of FSH, LH, AMH, and GH between the young and elderly groups of infertile women on the day of oocyte extraction. The results proved statistically highly significant (P≤0.01) drop in the mean levels of hormones in the aged women group (FSH 21.67±0.53; LH 62.12±0.54; AMH 1370.74±94.59; GH 9.76±0.32 mIU/ML) compared with the younger women group (FSH 33.86±0.72; LH 85.072±2.70; AMH 3310.92±83.87; GH 30.40±0.45 mIU/ML). in this study the level of studied hormones in FF were significantly decreased with increasing women age, the mean of (FSH 19.59 ±0.28; LH 63.34 ±0.27; AMH 1769.46 ±17.92; GH 7.86 ±027 mIU/ML) in comparison with those levels in the younger group (FSH 31.40 ±0.95; LH 95.07 ±2.58; AMH 2547.35 ±124.09; GH 23.33 ±0.67 mIU/ML).
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ALOE VERA GEL AND ITS UTILIZATION IN PREPARING SYNBIOTIC FERMENTED MILK WITH Bifidobacterium Lactis BB-12
Authors: M. A. M.  Alhamid  , A.  J. AL Mousawi
Published: April 2024

This study was aimed to investigate the physicochemical structure of fresh and dried Aloe Vera gel (AVG) and its adequacy as a prebiotic in the preparation of Synbiotic fermented milk with Bif. Lactis BB-12, in addition to its effect on the survival of these bacteria during 28 days of cold storage. The results indicated that the yield of the gel was % 64.56±1.157, and the moisture content, total solids (TS) and total soluble solids (TSS) in the fresh gel were % 98.23±0.0816, %1.777±0.0103 and % 1.56±0.0816 respectively. The pH of fresh and dried gel was 4.48±0.0105 and 4.63±0.01, respectively, meanwhile the acidity was 0.083±0.00121 and 0.058±0.0083, respectively (expressed as malic acid). Addition of 0.03% , 0.05% of dried and 3% ,5% of fresh AVG to treatments under study which represented as B1, B2, B3, and B4 respectively, reduced the generation time (GT) to 71.91, 68.49, 80.14 and 95.17 min, respectively as compared to that of the control treatment B0 (AVG free), which was 112.52 min. The pH value decreased in treatments B0, B1, B2, B3, and B4 to 4.45, 4.41, 4.36, 4.39 and 4.38, respectively, as the acidity increased to 1.13, 1.18, 1.26, 1.20 and 1.21%, respectively.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF LAYING QUAILS TO NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL LIGHT INTENSITY
Authors: Ashwaq. A. Hassan  , Hadeel. M. Hameed  , Hiyam N. Maty
Published: April 2024

The current study was aimed to investigate the impact of white light of various intensity of illumination on some reproductive and hematological parameters of female quail (Coturnix coturnix), Where 80 one-day-old birds were used, separated into four groups distributed as follows: The 1st  represented as control was exposed to natural lighting, while 2ed ,3rd ,4th  was subjected to different intensity of light represented by 0.6, 25 and 45 lux, respectively, for 5 h/day, each group was divided into 4 replicates. The study continued for 8 weeks. The results indicates a notable raise in the level of FSH and LH hormone with an increase in ovarian weight, an elevate in the number of outgrowth and grown-up follicles for groups exposed to 25 and 45 lux light intensity compared to control and 0.6 lux. It was observed for the same groups an increases in the weight of the edible organs (heart, liver and gizzard). In addition, there was a clear increase in the number of RBC, WBC, lymphocytes, hemoglobin and PCV levels, while the 25 and 45 lux groups showed a decline in the level of MCV with a raise in MCH and MCHC compared with the control and 0.6 lux. It conclude that the intensity of different lighting had positive effects in improving some reproductive and blood characteristics of female quail.
Histomorphological Changes in the Ovary of African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, WATERHOUSE – 1840) subjected to Different light/dark cycles
Authors: Zubairu Mansur , Ali Magdalene Nkweshi , Umosen Akpan Dominic , Ese Oritsejafor Abiyere , Muazu Tauheed Abubakar , Baso Abdullahi
Published: April 2024

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of photoperiod on the ovary of African giant rats (AGR), Cricetomys gambianus. A total of 15 captive African giant rats from the wild served as subjects. The rats were randomized into three photoperiodic treatment groups of five rats each. Groups I, II and III were the control (12 hours of darkness (12D), 12 hours of light (12L); total darkness (24D: 0L) and total light (0D: 24L), respectively. The rats were humanely euthanized, and ovaries collected at 4 weeks and 8 weeks of sacrifice for routine histological examination and histomorphometry. Cystic follicles were observed in the ovaries of AGR exposed to constant light. Again, continuous lighting exposure significantly increased (p < 0.05) the ovarian follicular diameter when compared with the control. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that continuous light exposure could have significant effect in follicular cyst formation in AGR.
The Effects of Hyperglycaemia on the Chemotherapy of Diminazene aceturate in Trypanosoma brucei-infected Dogs
Authors: Akpa P. O. , Ukwueze C. S. , Eze I.
Published: April 2024

The effects of hyperglycaemia on the outcome of treatment with diminazene aceturate in dogs infected with Trypanosoma brucei was evaluated using the following parameters; parasitaemia, packed cell volume, red blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell count and differential counts, survivability, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, and cholesterol. A total of 12 Nigerian local dogs, of both sexes were used in this study. They were randomly, assigned into four groups of three dogs each. Group A was uninfected non hyperglycaemic non treated, group B infected non hyperglycaemic treated, group C infected hyperglycaemic non treated and group D infected hyperglycaemic treated. No
mortality was recorded in group A, while groups B, C and D survived 33%, 100% and 67% mortalities respectively. There was total clearance of the parasites in the treated groups (B and D) on days 18 and 20 post infection (PI) respectively (days 6 and 8 post treatment). However, there was a relapse of infection in group D on day 22 PI (day 11 PT) and no relapse occurred in group B. Infections caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in all the red cell parameters (PCV, Hb concentrations and RBC counts) in group C, but no significant (P>0.05) decrease was observed in groups C and D. The mean AST and ALT of group D were significantly (P<0.05) higher than the other groups, while the mean ALP of groups A and D did not show any significant (P>0.05) difference, but were significantly (P<0.05) lower than groups C and B. The mean total protein of group A was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the infected groups, while the infected groups C, B and D did not show any significant (P>0.05) difference. It was concluded from the study that, hyperglycaemic resulted in diminished effectiveness of diminazene aceturate in Nigerian local breeds of dogs
Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Escherichia coli in Poultry from Gusau metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Abubakar , Yusuf Yakubu , Bashiru Garba , Nafi’u Lawal , Usman Mannir Dahiru , Abdulrazak Lawal , Bulus Peter Gwimi , Mu’awiyyah Muhammad Mahuta
Published: April 2024

The increment in misuse of antimicrobial agents in the treatment of human and animal diseases has made bacterial organisms such as E. coli become resistant to many available antibiotics. This study investigates the presence of E. coli in chicken within the studied area. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the presence and antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli in chicken within Gusau metropolis Zamfara state, Nigeria. A total of 289 cloacal swabs were collected from 40 broilers, 219 layers and 30 local chickens. Bacterial culture, phenotypic characterization, antibiotic susceptibility test were conducted. The overall prevalence of E. coli based on phenotypic identification was 22.1 % (64/289). The prevalence of E. coli based on the different chicken types was 20 % (8/40), 23.3 % (51/219) and 16.7 % (5/30) for broilers, layers and local chickens respectively. There was no statistically significant association between the isolate of E. coli and chicken type (p = 0.0987; df = 2). Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed 87.5% and 85.9 % resistance to Amoxicillin-clavulanate and Imipenem respectively, 76.6 % resistance to Cefuroxime, 60.9 % to Erythromycin, 51.6 % to Cefexime, 53.1% to Cefotaxime and 48.4 % Azithromycin. However, 31.3 % were resistant to Levofloxacin, 37.5 % to Ofloxacin, 42.2 % to Ceftriaxone, 45.3 % to Ciprofloxacin and 42.2 % to Gentamicin. In conclusion the study revealed the prevalence of E. coli in poultry from Gusau Metroplis to be 22.1 % (64/289) and antibiotic resistance awareness campaign is recommended to be employed by relevant agency.
Evaluation of Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic activities of the Methanol Extract of Crinum jagus Bulb in Rats
Authors: Asadu Abel Ifeanyi , Nwinyi Florence Chimezie , Madubuike Stella Anelechi , Ode Okwoche Julius
Published: April 2024

This study evaluated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities of the methanol extract of Crinum jagus bulb. The preliminary phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity studies were carried out following standard procedures. Assessment of analgesic activity in mice was performed using acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced pain tests. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities were performed in rats using egg albumin-induced pedal oedema and Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia models respectively. The results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed that the bulb contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, phenols and terpenoids. The extract was non-toxic; the oral LD was greater than 5000 mgkg-1 at 24 h. The 50 maximal analgesic effect of the extract against acetic acid-induced pain was 47.2% at 400 mgkg-1 compared to 82.2% with aspirin (50 mgkg-1). The extract exerted no significant (p>0.05) analgesic effect different from the control in the first phase (5 min) of formalin-induced pain test. However, there was dose dependent inhibition of pain sensitivity which peaked 85% at 400 mg/kg compared to 94% with piroxicam (500 mgkg-1) in the second phase (15-30 min) of the test indicating a peripherally mediated effect. The lowest test dose (100 mgkg-1) of extract had a comparable oedema inhibition (20%) to aspirin (50 mg/kg). C. jagus bulb extract produced a maximal antipyretic potency (79.5%) at 100 mgkg-1 compared to 83% with paracetamol (50 mgkg-1). Crinum jagus bulb could be a source of potent compounds against pain, inflammation and fever.
Comparative Evaluation of Topical and Local infiltration of Lignocaine Hydrochloride in Kano Brown Does
Authors: Okafor R. O. S. , Obiajulu G. O.
Published: April 2024

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of pain elimination and onset of anaesthetic activity by topical lignocaine spray with subcutaneous infiltration of lignocaine hydrochloride (LH) through assessment of the effects on vital parameters and pain responses in Kano Brown does. Fourteen does aged 1-3 years were randomly divided into two equal groups (A and B). The does were shaved at the left flank, group A does were infiltrated with 5 mL of LH while does of group B were administered with LH topically. A needle prick test was then carried out post administration in both groups, clinical and behavioral pain responses were assessed over a 2 hours period. Group A recorded a higher pulse rate (85.14± 6.02 bpm) as compared to group B (82.29 ± 4.68 bpm), respiratory rate was significantly (p<0.05) lower in group A (20.00±1.23cpm) as compared to group B (25.71± 1.47 cpm) and a lower rectal temperature was recorded in group A (38.63± 0.35ºc) in comparison to Does of group B (39.11 ± 0.07ºC). The locally infiltrated group recorded no sign of pain throughout the needle prick test while variations in pain responses were recorded in topical LH administered group. 71% of the topical spray (TS) does exhibited signs of pain immediately post spray, 57% exhibited pain response at 60 and 180 seconds, and 43% at 300 seconds. When the needle prick was carried out at 600 seconds, 14% of the TS does showed signs of pain at first prick while 29% recorded pain signs on second needle prick. No signs of pain was recorded at 1200 (20 minutes) and 1800 (30 minutes) seconds in the TS does. It was concluded, that subcutaneous infiltration of LH had a faster onset of action, last longer and provides better analgesia/anesthesia than topical lignocaine spray.
Sustainability assessment framework for integrated desalination and resource recovery: a participatory approach
Authors: Ktori Rodoula , Parada Mar Palmeros , Rodriguez-Pascual Marcos , Loosdrecht Mark C.M. van , Xevgeno Dimitrios
Published: April 2024

Valuable and rare materials in seawater brine are often discarded during
desalination. However, there is an increasing focus on recovering these
resources, rather than minimizing their disposal volume, due to the
economic and environmental opportunities it can bring. Despite this
shift, current Sustainability Assessment (SA) studies in desalination
tend to overlook the brine handling and social dimensions, and brine
treatment assessments remain predominantly centered on techno-economic
dimensions. Therefore, in this work, we propose a comprehensive and
transparent framework for the sustainability assessment of integrated
desalination and resource recovery options. The framework not only
evaluates pre-defined systems but supports the identification of system
features of interest, such as products to assess and technologies to
include, as well as the transparent selection of indicators when
considering specific contexts. To develop this framework, a critical
review of the literature on SA in desalination and brine treatment
systems was conducted. Looking at the identified gaps, we synthesized
the findings and key messages and proposed the integration of
Multi-Criteria Analysis and Value-Sensitive Design in the
decision-making process. This allows stakeholders to be involved and
incorporates their values at different stages of the assessment, making
it distinct from traditional SA methods. This framework offers
structured guidance to stakeholders on how to carry out qualitative and
quantitative assessments while ensuring transparency in the assessment
process. This work serves as a foundational contribution to benefit
future research on the development of a sustainable desalination
industry, valuing the input and involvement of all stakeholders.
Hierarchical Physics-Informed Neural Network Framework for 3D Magnetic Modeling of Medium Frequency Transformers
Authors: Yang Xiao , Shu Liangcai , Yang Dongsheng
Published: April 2024

Neural Network (NN) technology is revolutionizing the modeling paradigm
in the engineering arena, enhancing simultaneously model precision and
process speed. Nevertheless, the deficiency of physical interpretability
in current NN models causes an unattainable demand for the quantity of
training data, especially when dealing with high-dimension physical
behaviours. In this work, a Hierarchical Physics-Informed Neural Network
(HPINN) framework is proposed to address the 3D magnetic modeling issue
of Medium Frequency Transformers (MFTs). By establishing the knowledge
transfer channel between the cross section and the equivalent space, the
inferior 2D model parameter search space, which is restricted by
Dowell’s equation and accessible 2D magnetic data information, can be
mapped into the superior 3D search space. Accordingly, with limited 3D
training data, the performance of the HPINN framework is still
guaranteed around the optimal state. The structural embedding of physics
knowledge reduces the model’s reliance on 3D training data, thereby
relieving the strict computing requirement at the data generation stage.
Finally, according to the training results and experiment verifications,
with only one-third computational burden used in the classic NN model,
the average error of this proposed HPINN framework is reduced to 1%,
and the maximum error does not exceed 10%.
Implementation of a fuzzy logic control system for Smart Home Automation
Authors: Nazeer Rabiya , Fatima Nausheen
Published: April 2024

This article provides a fuzzy control system for a smart home automation system using multiple techniques from different approaches to fulfill the needs of the user in an automation system with ease and customizable way. The fuzzy control system is applied to the automation system to increase its efficiency and the controlling system are characterized in multiple format like use of EMG sensors for controlling the system with the movement of nerves and muscles, wave or gesture control using the infrared or ultrasonic sensors, chatbot system for communicating with the system from anywhere through android, renewable sources and methods are applied for power saving and increasing efficiency. The control system provides freedom for the system to work efficiently according to the environment and data provided to the system. For example, the automatic close of electronic appliances in a room if no one is using it or the automatic start of light and basic environment after entering the room by the user. The chatbot system also provides a way or suggestion for the system to the user in case of emergency and it also keeps track of power usage and monitors the working of the system. The timing can also be set to the system with the help of a chatbot just like an alarm automation.
Design of Tunable Perfect Absorbers in the Mid-IR Spectrum Using Graphene-Based Multilayer Structures: Emerging Applications in Atmospheric Window Matching
Authors: Nazari Masoumeh , Banad Mike , Sharif Sarah
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the tunable and switchable Perfect Absorbers (PAs),
operating within the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectrum, specifically
targeting the 3 to 5 µm range with precise 0.25 µm intervals. This
spectrum is particularly engineered for its minimal atmospheric
absorption and unique atmospheric transmission characteristics. Our
approach utilizes graphene-based nanophotonic aperiodic multilayer
structures optimized through the synergy of micro-genetic optimization
algorithm (GOA) within an inverse design framework. This strategic
combination enables a predictive model-based strategy that broadens the
design of space exploration, facilitating the discovery of PAs with
highly accurate absorption control. Employing the Transfer-Matrix-Method
(TMM) method for simulations, we manipulate the absorption
characteristics, allowing for the precise tailoring of the desired
spectral response while maintaining the multilayer structures’ thickness
under 2 µm. Our results demonstrate the tunability and switchability of
PAs by adjusting graphene layers’ chemical potentials, highlighting
their dynamic optical behavior. For instance, a PA optimized for a 4 µm
absorption peak can shift its absorption peak to 4.22 µm by merely
changing the graphene layer’s chemical potential from 0 eV to 1 eV,
without compromising absorption efficiency. Additionally, our research
uncovers the proposed absorbers’ remarkable adaptability to various
incident angles, maintaining 90% absorption up to 52 degrees. This
adaptability demonstrates the versatility and robustness of our design
across a broad spectrum of real-world applications, including thermal
photovoltaics, sensors, and stealth technology, where angular
independence significantly enhances device performance and efficiency.
This research not only deepens the understanding of nanophotonic
materials’ capabilities but also paves the way for the design and
development of highly efficient optical devices tailored for the mid-IR
range.
Enhancing Time Series Load Flow Analysis Using STL Decompsition and Bootstrap on Residuals
Authors: Pizzimbone Luca
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an efficient method for enhancing time series load
flow analysis, accounting of variabilities inherent to modern power
system, especially in presence of renewables, electric vehicles, and
storage systems. The method uses a moving block bootstrap technique
applied on time series residuals, after Box-Cox transformation and
Seasonal-Trend decomposition based on LOESS (STL). The adopted
techniques, already known in statistics for improving time series
forecasting, can generate new observations of system variables, such as
load, generation, or transmission line power flows, by resampling from
the STL model residuals of observed time series data. The proposed
approach has the advantage of avoiding a full probabilistic analysis,
which can be computationally expensive and data-intensive. It can
generate distribution functions of electrical parameters at any time
point within the observation period, calculate confidence intervals of
relevant statistics, and assess probabilities of critical system
anomalies (such as overload or voltage violations). These are all
essential for strategic planning decisions. The suggested methodology,
despite its inherent limitations, can efficiently deal with
uncertainties in the context of power system analysis. It proves
particularly valuable in cases where traditional probabilistic analysis
becomes unfeasible due to inadequate data or computational constraints.
Constructions of Optimal Cyclic Codes With h-Level Hierarchical Locality
Authors: Liu Xing
Published: April 2024

In order to correct different numbers of erasures in distributed storage
systems, the design of locally repairable codes with hierarchical
locality (H-LRCs) is crucial. In this paper, we study h-level
H-LRCs where h is not limited to 2. We present four constructions
of cyclic h-level H-LRCs with length ln
such that gcd(l, q) = 1
and n|(q−1). These four classes
of cyclic h-level H-LRCs are optimal with respect to the
generalized Singleton-like bound. The minimum Hamming distances of them
are d = δ, δ+1,
δ+2, δ+δ
respectively. Furthermore, these four classes of cyclic h-level
H-LRCs have new and flexible parameters which are not covered in the
literature. By setting the parameter l appropriately for the
third construction, one can construct optimal cyclic h-level
H-LRCs with length n|(q−1) and distance d
= δ+σ where σ is not limited to 0, 1, 2,
δ.
Towards a Precise Formula for Counting Prime Numbers
Authors: Zaman Budee U
Published: April 2024

This paper delves into the possibility of creating a precise mathematical equation to calculate the exact number of prime numbers below a certain threshold. By utilizing tools from function analysis, series of functions, and innovative methods, the goal is to create a comprehensive formula that can accurately determine the quantity of primes within a specified numerical range. The research explores the theoretical underpinnings of prime numbers, using advanced techniques to improve and expand upon current methodologies. Through a combination of insights from function analysis and series theory, the proposed formula seeks to offer a strong and efficient solution for computing prime counts. This effort not only adds value to the field, but it also enhances our understanding of prime number distribution.
Peningkatan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Biologi dengan Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe The Learning Cell
Authors: Nurcholifatun Nurcholifatun
Published: April 2024

The lack of student participation in learning is caused by teachers not paying attention to students' psychological conditions, so that students experience difficulties in learning which has an impact on low motivation and student learning outcomes. The effectiveness of learning, learning motivation and learning outcomes need to be improved through a learning process using a cooperative model of The Learning Cell type, namely a concept that places more emphasis on raising questions which is the key to learning. The purpose of this research is to determine the increase in motivation and cognitive learning outcomes of students using the cooperative learning model type The Learning Cell. The type of research used is classroom action research which consists of two cycles, each cycle consisting of two meetings. This research measures the results of observations of the implementation of teacher and student activities, motivation and cognitive learning outcomes of students using observation sheets on the implementation of teacher and student activities, as well as questionnaires and evaluation tests. The results of the research show that the percentage of implementation of the results of observing teacher activities in cycle I was 82.57% which was included in the good category and cycle II increased with a percentage of 89.28% in the very good category, while the results of observing the implementation of student activities in cycle I was with a percentage of 60. % in the quite active category and increased in cycle II with a percentage of 85% in the very active category. Student motivation was obtained from the distribution of questionnaires in the first cycle which was in the good category at 80.60% and in the second cycle it increased to 82.56%, still in the good category. Student cognitive learning outcomes are obtained from evaluation tests that have been prepared and distributed to students at the end of each cycle, in cycle I it was 65%, so students were not yet said to be classically complete and continued in cycle II which experienced an increase of 87%, so student learning outcomes on the subject of interdependence in ecosystems, it is stated to be classically complete. Based on these results, it can be concluded that by implementing the cooperative learning model of The Learning Cell type, it can increase the motivation and cognitive learning outcomes of Biology students at SMP Negeri 2 Kayangan.
Identifikasi Jenis Zooplankton di Sepanjang Perairan Sungai Jangkok Kota Mataram
Authors: Safnowandi Safnowandi
Published: April 2024

Zooplankton is animal plankton, which plays a role as primary consumers in aquatic ecosystems and as a link in the aquatic food chain. The Jangkok River is one of the large rivers on Lombok Island. This river flows from the western slopes of Mount Rinjani through the Narmada area of ​​West Lombok Regency to downstream at Ampenan Beach. Many river flows provide functions and benefits for the continuity of life of the surrounding community. This research aims to identify zooplankton in the waters of the Jangkok River, Mataram City. This type of research is exploratory descriptive. Research procedures include taking zooplankton water samples horizontally and vertically. Data collection techniques use observation and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique uses the zooplankton abundance index. The research results show that there are 4 types of Zooplankton consisting of 4 species that have been discovered including Harpacticoid copepod, Parathemisto abyssorum, Cyclops bicuspidatus and Diaptomus sp.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Active Learning dalam Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas VIII
Authors: Ariati Zulhia , Hirliana Norma
Published: April 2024

This research aims to determine the increase in student activity and learning outcomes through the application of the Active Learning learning model in biology lessons for class VIII students at SMP Negeri 12 Tasikmalaya. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 12 Tasikmalaya. The population in this study were all class VIII students, while the sample used was 25 students. The instruments used in this research were observation sheets and test questions. Data collection techniques use observation and tests. The data analysis technique in this research is qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Qualitative data analysis is used to analyze data obtained from observations carried out in the first cycle and subsequent cycles, the data is collected and then concluded. Meanwhile, quantitative data analysis is used to process data in the form of numbers, both observation data and student learning outcomes (evaluation) data which are then processed into quantitative data in research. The results of this research show that, in cycle I, the student activity score was 2.5 in the quite active category and in cycle II it was 3.33 in the active category. For learning outcomes, the percentage of classical completeness in cycle I was 68% in the incomplete category and in cycle II it was 88% in the completed category. Thus it can be concluded that the application of the Active Learning learning model can improve the activities and learning outcomes of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 12 Tasikmalaya.
واقع استراتيجية التسويق الرشيق في المصارف دراسة تحليلية لآراء عينة من الزبائن في بعض المصارف الحكومية في محــافـظــة كـربلاء المــقدســة
Authors: سماكة علي , كاظم محمد
Published: April 2024

تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد واقع استراتيجية التسويق الرشيق في المصارف، وذلك بتحليل آراء عينة لزبائن المصارف المبحوثة في محافظة كربلاء المقدسة. وتتجسد أهمية الدراسة كونها من الدراسات التي تهتم وتعالج مشكلة حقيقية يعاني منها القطاع المصرفي وبعض فروع المصارف الحكومية بشكل خاص، وموضوع له اهمية خاصة وهو استراتيجيات التسويق الرشيق ، وتم تصميم استمارة الاستبيان وتوزيعها بشكل الالكتروني وكان عدد المستجيبين (395) من زبائن المصارف عينة الدراسة، تم تحليلها باستخدام برامج التحليل الاحصائي (SMART PLS و SPSS v23). وتوصلت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج اهمها ضعف اهتمام المصرف باستبعاد الانشطة التسويقية غير الضرورية بهدف تقليل الكلف وزيادة الايرادات
الأدوات لكنْ، لام الأمر، لاتَ، لا النافية، لما، ما الاستفهامية في قراءة عيسى بن عمر
Authors: اسماعيل عباس , كاظم مسلم
Published: April 2024

قرأ عيسى بن عمر بعض الأدوات النحوية بشكل مغاير لما جاء في قراءة الجمهور، وهذه الأدوات هي: إنّ، وأنّ بالتشديد والتخفيف، وأنْ، ولكنْ، ولاتَ، ولام الأمر، ولا النافية للجنس، ولما، فضلًا على قراءة أداة الاستفهام وأداة الشرط، وقراءة (ما) الاستفهامية في حال دخول حرف الجرّ عليها. وسوف نكتفي في هذا البحث بدراسة ستّ أدوات في قراءته، وهي: لكنْ، لام الأمر، لات، لا النافية، لما، ما الاستفهاميّة.
الإنجازات والتقييم لوزارة شؤون الشمال العراقية 1967- 1978
Authors: الدليمي حسن , مظلوم حسن
Published: April 2024

تناول هذا البحث الانجازات التي قامت بها وزارة شؤون الشمال العراقية عندما اصبح لها وضع مستقل وميزانية مالية خاصة بها, فعملت من هذا المنطلق وبوتيرة عالية في تقديم ما تسطيع تقديمة من خدمات في كافة القطاعات الخدمية وهذا جاء بالتعاون مع بقية الوزارات الساندة لها مثل وزارتي الصحة والتربية , على الرغم من تجاهل الحكومات لهذه الوزارة في بعض الاوقات لتباين  في الافكار من كانوا على سدة الحكم , ثم تطرق البحث الى تقييم هذه الوزارة من حيث ادائها والقوانين التي صدرت بحقها من اجل تسيير اعمالها.
المرجعيات الفكرية للرسم العراقي المعاصر
Authors: تويج علي , شمخي نيران
Published: April 2024

يعد الفن بشكل عام وعبر التاريخ، عبارة عن تراكم إنتاج اعمال تحمل الهوية الوطنية لأثبات وجوده ما بين ثقافته والثقافات الاخرى، وظهر الرسم بتقنيات جديدة تم توظيفها في العمل وانعكست خبرات ومعاناة الفنانين في رسومهم, وايضا استخدم الفنانون عدة تقنيات في الرسم مما ادى تطورها في فترات مختلفة عبر الزمن، لذلك فقد شهد الفن تطور خاصة في مجال الرسم تحت تأثير البيئات المختلفة التي يمر بها الفنان في المهجر مع التناقضات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية ، قسم البحث على ثلاثة فصول، تناول الأول الإطار المنهجي للبحث، واشتمل الثاني على مبحثين هما المرجعيات الفكرية والرسم العراقي المعاصر ومن ثم الفصل الثالث الذي عني باجراءات البحث من حيث مجتمع البحث وعينته والمنهج الوصفي الذي انتهجته الباحثة ، وأعقبه نتائج البحث التي كان من اهمها ان المرجعيات الفكرية للفن العراقي المعاصر تمثلت في الارتباط البيئي والاجتماعي للفنان العراقي والتي انعكست على اعماله بشكل كبير.
دور التصرفات الانفرادية في تكوين العرف الدولي
Authors: ناصر محمد
Published: April 2024

تؤدي التصرفات الانفرادية الصادرة عن أشخاص القانون الدولي الى نشوء الركن المادي عندما يتم تكرارها في المناسبات المماثلة باتباع سلوك معين مع توافر الاعتقاد القانوني بأنها أضحت ملزمة لها، ومن ثم تؤدي تلك التصرفات الى نشوء قاعدة من قواعد القانون الدولي العرفي، ومن سمات تلك القواعد بأنها تسري في مواجهة أعضاء المجتمع الدولي كافة، بغض النظر عن عدم المساهمة فيها، على أن الغموض المصاحب لبعض التصرفات قد يتسبب في خلق نزاع بين الدول حول مسألة معينة، ولحل مثل تلك الخلافات سلميا تلجأ الدول الى القضاء الدولي للفصل في مدى توافر تلك القاعدة من عدمه اعتمادا على أدلة الإثبات المتاحة.
التناص في الصورة الموحية في كتاب رثاء القيم
Authors: الفحام عباس , عباس فاطمة
Published: April 2024

إنّ الإيحاء أساسٌ للتعبير البليغ, فالشعراء استعملوه في صورهم الشعرية؛ لأنّ حضوره في البلاغة العربية يُشكل معظم فنونها الإبداعية, كما أنّ العلاقة بين الألفاظ والمعاني وما تشتمل عليها من أصوات منسجمة مع معانيها الإيحائية لها أثر عظيم في منح النّص جمالية فنية, والتناص مع الإيحاء يدلّ على ثقافة الشاعر وخبرته الكبيرة التي أعطته هذا التلوين الشعري.