bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplay between the electrostatic membrane potential and conformational changes in membrane proteins
Authors: Zhang Xuejun C. , Li Hang
Published: December 2018

Transmembrane electrostatic membrane potential is a major energy source of the cell. Importantly, it determines the structure as well as function of charge‐carrying membrane proteins. Here, we discuss the relationship between membrane potential and membrane proteins, in particular whether the conformation of these proteins is integrally connected to the membrane potential. Together, these concepts provide a framework for rationalizing the types of conformational changes that have been observed in membrane proteins and for better understanding the electrostatic effects of the membrane potential on both reversible as well as unidirectional dynamic processes of membrane proteins.
68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET‐CT study in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence and non‐contributive 18F‐Choline PET‐CT: Impact on therapeutic decision‐making and biomarker changes
Authors: Barbaud Matthieu , Frindel Mathieu , Ferrer Ludovic , Le Thiec Maelle , Rusu Daniela , Rauscher Aurore , Maucherat Bruno , Baumgartner Pierre , Fleury Vincent , Colombié Mathilde , Thierry‐Morel Agnes , Kraeber‐Bodéré Françoise , Campion Loïc , Rousseau Caroline
Published: December 2018

Background

In this retrospective study, we investigated the impact of 68Ga‐PSMA‐11 PET‐CT (PSMA PET‐CT) upon the treatment plan and therapeutic response obtained for Prostate Cancer (PCa) patients presenting an occult biochemical recurrence.

Methods

Forty‐two patients with previously negative or doubtful 18F‐Choline (FCH) were enrolled. PET images were recorded 1 h after injection of tracer. Only a few months after treatment ended, a PSA assay was requested to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment based on PSMA results.

Results

PSMA—positive lesions were detected in 34/42 (80.9%) patients. Detection rates were 85.7% and 89.3% for serum PSA levels lower than 2 ng/mL, and >2 ng/mL, respectively. One hundred seventy‐three lesions were detected: 132/173 in lymph nodes (76.3%), 22/173 as metastatic sites (bone or lung) (12.7%), and 19/173 in the prostate bed (10.9%). As a result of the PSMA PET‐CT, therapeutic management changed in 31/42 patients (73.8%). With a follow‐up of 4.9 ± 2.27 months, 32/42 (76.2%) PSA assays after treatment guided by PSMA PET‐CT were collected. For 37.5% (12/32) of patients, the serum PSA level was lower than 0.2 ng/mL and a PSA decrease of over 50% in 8 (25.0%) other patients were obtained.

Conclusion

Performing a PSMA PET‐CT when FCH PET‐CT was doubtful or negative allows the recurrence localization in more 80% of patients and this had a major clinical impact, as it resulted in treatment change in more than 70% of patients as well as a significant decrease in PSA levels in more than 60% of them.
MDM2 inhibitor ameliorates cisplatin‐induced nephropathy via NFκΒ signal inhibition
Authors: Fujikura Tomoyuki , Yasuda Hideo , Iwakura Takamasa , Tsuji Takayuki , Anders Hans‐J.
Published: December 2018

Cisplatin is a platinum‐containing chemotherapeutic drug, which is widely used and highly effective. While effective against tumors, its use is limited by severe side effects such as nephrotoxicity and bone marrow suppression. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is the E3 ubiquitin ligase of the tumor suppressor gene, p53, and inhibition of MDM2 can suppress tumor cell growth. However, independent of p53, MDM2 acts as a co‐transcription factor for nuclear factor‐κB (NFκB), whose signaling can be involved in cisplatin‐induced tubular injury. We therefore examined the effects of MDM2 inhibitor on cisplatin cytotoxicity. In order to induce acute kidney injury and to investigate MDM2 inhibitory effects, we injected cisplatin into rats with or without the MDM2 inhibitor, DS‐5272, and analyzed kidney physiology/histology and NFκB signaling. Serum creatinine was significantly lower in the DS‐5272 group than in the vehicle group on day 3 (0.55 ± 0.069 vs 0.70 ± 0.072 mg/dL, P < 0.05). DS‐5272 also significantly decreased kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) expression, improved tubular injury, and decreased apoptotic cells. Western blotting showed that cisplatin increased NFκB phosphorylation in kidneys, which was significantly suppressed by DS‐5272. In vitro, we treated HEK 293 cells with cisplatin, in the absence or presence of DS‐5272, and examined cytotoxicity and NFκB transcriptional activity. DS‐5272 co‐treatment reduced both cisplatin‐induced cell death and NFκB transcriptional activity. Collectively, these findings suggest that DS‐5272 can ameliorate cisplatin nephrotoxicity via NFκB signal inhibition.
Solar Blind UV Light Induced Photo‐Voltage from Transparent Y2O3: Eu‐PMMA Nanocomposite Film
Authors: Jia Hong , Chen Jun , Li Qi , Li Danyang , Liu Zhongli , Zhao Jianguo , Ding Chaoliang , Zhang Weiying , Yang Haifeng , Pan Liuzhan , Feng Xun , Chen Zhi , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: December 2018

Transparent inorganic‐organic nanocomposite film (Y2O3: Eu‐PMMA)W is fabricated for solar blind UV light photo‐voltage response at room temperature. In suggested design, Y2O3: Eu nanoparticales with efficient visible luminescence excited under solar blind UV light is incorporated into an Y2O3: Eu‐PMMA nanocomposite film coated onto a glass substrate, which converts solar blind UV light to visible light that is absorbed by the Si‐detector. Photo‐voltage response from the thin film Si‐APD detector attached with the inorganic‐organic nanocomposite film demonstrates a prospective application for solar blind UV light detection.
Controlling In‐Ga‐Zn‐O Thin‐Film Resistance by Vacuum Rapid Thermal Annealing and Application to Transparent Electrode
Authors: Choi Hyun‐Seok , Cho Won‐Ju
Published: December 2018

This study reveals that an amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide film shows a large resistance change under vacuum rapid thermal annealing, whereas a zinc tin oxide film shows little resistance change under the same treatment. Based on these findings, the applicability of amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin films to a transparent source/drain electrode in zinc tin oxide thin‐film transistors is investigated. The optical transmittance of the amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide and amorphous zinc tin oxide films in the visible region is greater than 85%. Furthermore, a zinc tin oxide thin‐film transistor with an amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide source/drain electrode exhibits superior operation characteristics than devices with indium tin oxide source/drain electrodes, such as a lower threshold swing (from 369.96 to 315.45 mV dec−1), higher mobility (from 28.47 to 36.187 cm2 V−1s−1), and higher on/off current ratio (from 1.25 × 107 to 3.56 × 107). In addition, in positive and negative bias temperature stress tests, the zinc tin oxide thin‐film transistor with an amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide source/drain electrode shows almost equal stability compared to the zinc tin oxide thin‐film transistor with an indium tin oxide source/drain electrode.
Insights into the Degradation of Amorphous Silicon Passivation Layer for Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Bernardini Simone , Bertoni Mariana I.
Published: December 2018

Heterojunction (HJ) crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells outstanding performance relies heavily on the excellent passivation provided by the amorphous Si (a‐Si:H) layer. However, recombination at the a‐Si:H/c‐Si interface can vary over time and become particularly detrimental for HJ modules performance making the full understanding of the recombination mechanisms at play of paramount importance. In this work, the variation of effective lifetime for high‐quality n‐type FZ c‐Si substrates coated with a‐Si:H(i) layer after several processing steps and over a period of 28 months is tracked. The root cause for degradation is identified by experimentally evaluating the surface recombination velocity (SRV) temperature‐ and injection‐dependence before and after degradation has occurred. By applying a model for the recombination at the a‐Si:H/c‐Si interface to temperature‐ and injection‐dependent SRV data, the authors are able to assess the lifetime decay as entirely ascribed to a loss of chemical passivation. Upon re‐annealing the samples, only a partial recovery of lifetime is obtained suggesting that effusion of hydrogen from the a‐Si:H layer has occurred. These results indicate that the usage of a capping layer is needed whereas a thorough engineering of the a‐Si:H(i) layer thickness may be necessary to avoid the loss of performance of a‐Si based heterojunction structures and modules.
Bistability of an iron‐cobalt binuclear complex
Authors: Sabzyan Hassan , Shirani Hossein
Published: December 2018

Bistability of the four cis/trans isomers of the proposed iron‐cobalt binuclear complex [(CO)2(benzoate‐)FeII/III(‐terephthalate‐)CoIII/II(‐benzoate)(CO)2]1+, arising from the FeII/III ↔ CoIII/II intramolecular charge transfer (IMCT) is investigated computationally at (TD)DFT‐B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory. Energies, geometries, atomic charges, and the UV‐Vis spectra are considered in this investigation. Results approve IMCT bistability of all cis/trans isomers by locating two stable states with distinctly different structures and charge distributions (FeII‐CoIII and FeIII‐CoII oxidation states). Also, well‐defined first‐order saddle points between these two IMCT states are found and characterized using QST2/QST3 method. Based on the analysis of the calculated charge distributions and the 0.35‐1.66 eV activation (barrier) energies of the FeII‐CoIII ↔ FeIII‐CoII IMCT reactions, it can be predicted that electric field or NIR radiation may be used to switch between the two IMCT states of this bistable binuclear complex. It is also found that the cis/trans isomerization has significant effects on the energetics of this IMCT reaction, and that the trans‐FeII/III‐trans‐CoIII/II isomer is the best candidate for prospective switching application due to having the least energy dissipation and the largest charge transfer.
Robust event‐triggered model predictive control for constrained linear continuous system
Authors: Luo Yu , Xia Yuanqing , Sun Zhongqi
Published: December 2018

Model predictive control (MPC) is capable to deal with multiconstraint systems in real control processes; however, the heavy computation makes it difficult to implement. In this paper, a dual‐mode control strategy based on event‐triggered MPC (ETMPC) and state‐feedback control for continuous linear time‐invariant systems including control input constraints and bounded disturbances is developed. First, the deviation between the actual state trajectory and the optimal state trajectory is computed to set an event‐triggered mechanism and reduce the computational load of MPC. Next, the dual‐mode control strategy is designed to stabilize the system. Both recursive feasibility and stability of the strategy are guaranteed by constructing a feasible control sequence and deducing the relationship of parameters, especially the inter‐event time and the upper bound of the disturbances. Finally, the theoretical results are supported by numerical simulation. In addition, the effects of the parameters are discussed by simulation, which gives guidance to balance computational load and control performance.
Traveling in randomly embedded random graphs
Authors: Frieze Alan , Pegden Wesley
Published: December 2018

We consider the problem of traveling among random points in Euclidean space, when only a random fraction of the pairs are joined by traversable connections. In particular, we show a threshold for a pair of points to be connected by a geodesic of length arbitrarily close to their Euclidean distance, and analyze the minimum length Traveling Salesperson Tour, extending the Beardwood‐Halton‐Hammersley theorem to this setting.
Elastic functional principal component regression
Authors: Tucker J. Derek , Lewis John R. , Srivastava Anuj
Published: December 2018

We study regression using functional predictors in situations where these functions contains both phase and amplitude variability. In other words, the functions are misaligned due to errors in time measurements, and these errors can significantly degrade both model estimation and prediction performance. The current techniques either ignore the phase variability, or handle it via preprocessing, that is, use an off‐the‐shelf technique for functional alignment and phase removal. We develop a functional principal component regression model which has a comprehensive approach in handling phase and amplitude variability. The model utilizes a mathematical representation of the data known as the square‐root slope function. These functions preserve the norm under warping and are ideally suited for simultaneous estimation of regression and warping parameters. Using both simulated and real‐world data sets, we demonstrate our approach and evaluate its prediction performance relative to current models. In addition, we propose an extension to functional logistic and multinomial logistic regression.
Coding of Experimental Conditions in Microfluidic Droplet Assays Using Colored Beads and Machine Learning Supported Image Analysis
Authors: Svensson Carl‐Magnus , Shvydkiv Oksana , Dietrich Stefanie , Mahler Lisa , Weber Thomas , Choudhary Mahipal , Tovar Miguel , Figge Marc Thilo , Roth Martin
Published: December 2018

To efficiently exploit the potential of several millions of droplets that can be considered as individual bioreactors in microfluidic experiments, methods to encode different experimental conditions in droplets are needed. The approach presented here is based on coencapsulation of colored polystyrene beads with biological samples. The decoding of the droplets, as well as content quantification, are performed by automated analysis of triggered images of individual droplets in‐flow using bright‐field microscopy. The decoding strategy combines bead classification using a random forest classifier and Bayesian inference to identify different codes and thus experimental conditions. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of nine different antibiotics and the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration of a specific antibiotic against a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli are presented as a proof‐of‐principle. It is demonstrated that this method allows successful encoding and decoding of 20 different experimental conditions within a large droplet population of more than 105 droplets per condition. The decoding strategy correctly assigns 99.6% of droplets to the correct condition and a method for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration using droplet microfluidics is established. The current encoding and decoding pipeline can readily be extended to more codes by adding more bead colors or color combinations.
Online Media Creation and L2 Motivation: A Socially Situated Perspective
Authors: Henry Alastair
Published: December 2018

Digital technologies are increasingly common in language learning. Online media creation provides scope for agency and spaces for identity construction, but empirically grounded conceptualizations of the influences on learners’ motivation are lacking and the digital technology–second language motivation interface remains largely unexplored. Using a grounded theory ethnographic approach (Charmaz, 2006), and with the aim of developing a theoretical account of the emergence of motivation in online media creation, this study investigated a blog project in an English language classroom in Sweden. Engaging with multiple data sources, and using Ito and colleagues’ (2010) theory of participation in media practices as an analytical framework, motivation is conceptualized as stemming from the desire to create a visually appealing and authentic artefact, from a perception of audience, and through the documentation of identities. Variations in motivational intensity between student groups could be traced to varying investments in digital media practices. Primarily, differences were between validation‐seeking that was locally oriented and validation‐seeking conditioned through actions within a genre of practice. These conceptualizations are of importance for English language teaching. In language‐developing activities that involve online media creation, motivation can be enhanced when space for genre exploration is provided.
Use data to break down siloes, increase commitment to long‐term goals
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2018

NASHVILLE, Tenn. — In 2015, Stockton University officials decided to pursue a large goal: increase the 8,400 undergraduate students enrolled in fiscal year 2016 to 10,000 students in FY 2021 in order to balance the institutional budget. To reach that goal, as well as make the new campus a thriving, robust arm of the institution, the enrollment management office had to break down siloes between different departments.
Konishi OPE coefficient at the five loop order
Authors: Georgoudis Alessandro , Gonçalves Vasco , Pereira Raul
Published: December 2018

Abstract

We use the method of asymptotic expansions to study the OPE limit of a fourpoint function of protected operators in

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

SYM. We use a new method for evaluating the resulting propagator-type integrals and then extract the OPE coefficient with Konishi at the five loop order.
Twin-plane-partitions and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 affine Yangian
Authors: Gaberdiel Matthias R. , Li Wei , Peng Cheng
Published: December 2018

Abstract

The universal enveloping algebra of

$$ \mathcal{W} $$

W

1+∞ is isomorphic to the affine Yangian of

$$ \mathfrak{g}{\mathfrak{l}}_1 $$

g

l
1

. We study the

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 supersymmetric version of this correspondence, and identify the full set of defining relations of the supersymmetric affine Yangian. These relations can be deduced by demanding that the algebra has a representation on twin-plane-partitions, which we construct by gluing pairs of plane partitions. We define the action of the algebra on these twin-plane-partitions explicitly.
Multiple approaches to sexually transmitted infections: from diagnosis to treatment
Authors: Cunha e Silva José Antonio Dias da , Valadão Marcus , Iglesias Antonio Carlos
Published: December 2018

Sexually transmitted infections are mainly caused by viruses and bacteria. They are transmitted trough sexual intercourse, without a condom, with an infected individual. The anus, vagina, and mouth may become involved. This study aimed to present six clinical cases with the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, but in which different treatment approaches were required. This demonstrates the dynamic and unique character of the disease in each individual. That is, the behavior of sexually transmitted infections will vary not only according to its causative microorganism (virus or bacteria), but also according to the characteristics of the combination of etiologic agent and host.
The Age‐Well randomized controlled trial of the Medit‐Ageing European project: Effect of meditation or foreign language training on brain and mental health in older adults
Authors: Poisnel Géraldine , Arenaza‐Urquijo Eider , Collette Fabienne , Klimecki Olga M. , Marchant Natalie L. , Wirth Miranka , de La Sayette Vincent , Rauchs Géraldine , Salmon Eric , Vuilleumier Patrik , Frison Eric , Maillard Aline , Vivien Denis , Lutz Antoine , Chételat Gaël ,   Medit‐Ageing Research Group
Published: December 2018

Introduction

The Age‐Well clinical trial is an ongoing monocentric, randomized, controlled trial aiming to assess an 18‐month preventive meditation‐based intervention directly targeting the attentional and emotional dimensions of aging to promote mental health and well‐being in elderly people.

Methods

One hundred thirty‐seven cognitively unimpaired older adults are randomized to either an 18‐month meditation‐based intervention, a structurally matched foreign language training, or a passive control arm. The impact of the intervention and underlying mechanisms are assessed with detailed cognitive, behavioral, biological, neuroimaging and sleep examinations.

Results

Recruitment began in late 2016 and ended in May 2018. The interventions are ongoing and will be completed by early 2020.

Discussion

This is the first trial addressing the emotional and cognitive dimension of aging with a long‐term nonpharmacological approach and using comprehensive assessments to investigate the mechanisms. Results are expected to foster the development of preventive strategies reducing the negative impact of mental conditions and disorders.
The Influence of Partner Smoking, Relationship Satisfaction and Parental Stress on Tobacco Use
Authors: Foulstone Alexis R. , Kifle Temesgen , Kelly Adrian B.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Despite declines in tobacco use during pregnancy and after childbirth, smoking remains unacceptably high among many parents. Smoking maintenance or relapse may be common in couple relationships when the other parent continues to smoke, when relationship satisfaction is low, or parental stress high.

Aim

To examine the longitudinal influence of partner tobacco use, relationship satisfaction and parental stress on tobacco use after childbirth.

Methods

Data was obtained from 115 Australian heterosexual adult couples (Mean age = 31.8) who reported being pregnant in the previous year and the female partner was a previous or current smoker. A household longitudinal survey was administered in which measures of tobacco use, relationship satisfaction and parental stress were assessed on four occasions over nine years.

Results

Overall reductions in tobacco use occurred over the nine-year assessment period, although a small percentage (9.6%) of parents reported being daily smokers at every assessment. Similarly, a small proportion (13.1%) of parents relapsed to using tobacco during the assessment period. A random effects binary logit model indicated that mothers and fathers were more likely to continue or relapse to tobacco use if their partners smoked. Mothers were more likely to quit smoking if they became pregnant between the assessment waves, but for males, having a pregnant partner was not a significant predictor of tobacco cessation.

Conclusion

While pregnancy is associated with smoking cessation for mothers, both mothers and fathers are at elevated risk of continued tobacco smoking or relapse if their partner smokes during the first nine years after childbirth. For parents who continue to smoke cigarettes or relapse after childbirth, engagement of the partner in smoking cessation may be a key factor in promoting positive outcomes.
Acoustic deployments reveal Antarctic silverfish under ice in the Ross Sea
Authors: O’Driscoll Richard L. , Ladroit Yoann , Parker Steven J. , Vacchi Marino , Canese Simonepietro , Ghigliotti Laura , Dunford Adam J. , Mormede Sophie
Published: December 2018

Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticaBoulenger) are a keystone species in the Ross Sea. Silverfish eggs and larvae are abundant during spring amongst the sub-surface platelet ice in Terra Nova Bay. It is not known whether the eggs are spawned elsewhere and accumulate under the ice or whether there is mass migration of silverfish to coastal spawning sites in winter. To test the latter hypothesis, an upward-looking 67 kHz echo sounder was moored in Terra Nova Bay to observe potential silverfish migration. The echo sounder was deployed at 380 m in a seabed depth of 550 m and ran for 210 days from 15 May until 11 December 2015. Acoustic reflections consistent with silverfish were observed at depths of 230–380 m during 9–22 September. This timing is consistent with the presence of eggs typically observed in October. Adult silverfish were also detected with an echo sounder and camera deployed through the ice in McMurdo Sound on 10 November 2015. Juvenile silverfish, but not adults, were observed through the ice in Terra Nova Bay during 11–16 November 2017. This paper provides a proof of concept, showing that innovative use of acoustics may help fill important observation gaps in the life history of silverfish.
Dynamic biogeographic models and dinosaur origins
Authors: LEE Michael S. Y. , BARON Matthew G. , NORMAN David B. , BARRETT Paul M.
Published: December 2018

A comprehensive analysis of early dinosaur relationships raised the possibility that the group may have originated in Laurasia (Northern Hemisphere), rather than Gondwana (Southern Hemisphere) as often thought. However, that study focused solely on morphology and phylogenetic relationships and did not quantitatively evaluate this issue. Here, we investigate dinosaur origins using a novel Bayesian framework uniting tip-dated phylogenetics with dynamic, time-sliced biogeographic methods, which explicitly account for the age and locality of fossils and the changing interconnections of areas through time due to tectonic and eustatic change. Our analysis finds strong support for a Gondwanan origin of Dinosauria, with 99 % probability for South America (83 % for southern South America). Parsimony analysis gives concordant results. Inclusion of time-sliced biogeographic information affects ancestral state reconstructions (e.g., high connectivity between two regions increases uncertainty over which is the ancestral area) and influences tree topology (disfavouring uniting fossil taxa from localities that were widely separated during the relevant time slice). Our approach directly integrates plate tectonics with phylogenetics and divergence dating, and in doing so reaffirms southern South America as the most likely area for the geographic origin of Dinosauria.
Berufsperspektiven von Absolventinnen und Absolventen grundständig qualifizierender Pflegestudiengänge − Ergebnisse einer bundesweiten Verbleibstudie
Authors: Baumann Anna-Lena , Kugler Christiane
Published: December 2018

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Bachelorabsolventinnen und -absolventen berufsqualifizierender Pflegestudiengänge stehen dem deutschen Arbeitsmarkt seit einigen Jahren zur Verfügung, jedoch fehlen empirische Daten zum konkreten Verbleib in den unterschiedlichen Praxisfeldern der Institutionen des Gesundheitswesens. Ziel: Ziel der Studie war es, Daten zum Verbleib, zur beruflichen Zufriedenheit sowie zu den Zukunftsperspektiven der Absolventinnen und Absolventen zu erheben. Methode: Mittels Querschnittdesign erfolgte eine bundesweite, Online-Survey-basierte Verbleibstudie von Bachelorabsolventinnen und -absolventen grundständig qualifizierender Pflegestudiengänge (n = 273). Ergebnisse: Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass 77,6 % der Befragten in der Gesundheits- und (Kinder-) Krankenpflege oder Altenpflege tätig sind. Diese Gruppe ist signifikant unzufriedener mit ihrer beruflichen Situation, als Befragte, welche in erweiterten pflegerischen Praxisfeldern beschäftigt sind (p = 0,000). Hohe Zufriedenheit herrscht in Bezug auf qualifikationsbezogene Handlungsspielräume sowie Rahmenbedingungen. In fachlicher Hinsicht sehen 81,3 % der Befragten für sich Weiterentwicklungsmöglichkeiten. 31,1 % der Befragten befinden sich in einem weiterführenden Studium und 39,6 % planen, künftig ein solches aufzunehmen. Schlussfolgerungen: Im Prozess der Akademisierung müssen akademisch Ausgebildete in allen pflegerischen Versorgungsfeldern in Deutschland zur Selbstverständlichkeit werden. Um das Potenzial, welches in der Bachelorqualifikation liegt, gewinnbringend zu nutzen, benötigt es innovative Personalentwicklungskonzepte.
The Evaluation of Creative Ideas in Older and Younger Adults
Authors: Privodnova Evgeniya Yu. , Volf Nina V. , Knyazev Gennady G.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The ability to solve problems of divergent type is one of the most intact functions in successful aging. However, neurophysiologic mechanisms that support the efficiency of creative thinking remain largely unknown. This study was aimed to investigate age-related difference in localized induced electroencephalogram (EEG) changes during creative idea evaluation stage of divergent problem-solving (Alternate Uses Task), using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. Younger (45 women, 44 men, Mage = 22.1 years, age range: 18–30 years) and older adults (46 women, 43 men, Mage = 64.9 years, age range: 55–75 years) participated in the study. Higher synchronization in individually adjusted theta frequency band [from (individual alpha peak frequency −6 Hz) to (individual alpha peak frequency −4 Hz)] in anterior areas with the maximum values in anterior cingulate gyrus was revealed in older as compared with younger participants by group contrast. Higher desynchronization in wide beta range [from (individual alpha peak frequency +2 Hz) to 30 Hz] was localized in posterior brain regions with the highest values in posterior cingulate gyrus, precuneus, and parietal lobule in older adults. Induced beta 2 synchronization was positively correlated with originality (as measured by the mean frequency of ideas) in younger and years of education in older subjects. Based on the data, it was supposed that controlling the decision-making processes is more important for older adults while maintenance of the internal image of elements’ recombination may play essential role for younger subjects.
The Intensities of High Frequency‐Enhanced Plasma and Ion Lines During Ionospheric Heating
Authors: Wu Jun , Wu Jian , Rietveld M. T. , Haggstrom I. , Xu Zhengwen , Zhang Yabin , Xu Tong , Zhao Haisheng
Published: December 2018

An ultrahigh frequency (UHF) observation during an ionospheric heating campaign at European Incoherent SCATter scientific association (EISCAT) demonstrates that the electron temperature and the intensities of the enhanced plasma and ion lines systematically vary as a function of the pump frequency near the fifth electron gyroharmonic. Specifically, with the change in the pump frequency, the weaker the enhancement in the electron temperature is, the more intense the intensities of the enhanced ion line is. The analysis shows that the enhanced electron temperature plays a significant role in determining the intensities of the enhanced Langmuir and ion acoustic waves by the parametric decay instability and the oscillation two‐stream instability, and the intensities of the enhanced plasma and ion lines depend on whether the enhanced Langmuir and ion acoustic waves satisfy the Bragg condition exactly or approximately. Moreover, an alternative explanation for the overshoots in the enhanced plasma and ion lines is presented, namely, the overshoots may be attributed not only to the anomalous absorption of the pump but also to the modifications of the plasma on the traveling path of the enhanced Langmuir and ion acoustic waves.
Image of Forbush Decrease in a Magnetic Cloud by Three Moments of Cosmic Ray Distribution Function
Authors: Petukhova A. S. , Petukhov I. S. , Petukhov S. I.
Published: December 2018

The time dynamics of the cosmic ray distribution function in a magnetic cloud is calculated. The magnetic cloud has the form of a torus segment with the force‐free magnetic field structure at the initial moment. The subsequent propagation of the magnetic cloud in interplanetary space is determined by inertial description. The magnetic field is determined by the frozen‐in condition. When calculating the particle distribution function, the electromagnetic field of the magnetic cloud is taken into account, with the scattering of particles not being taken into account. Relations between the particle distribution function and its three moments (particle density and unidirectional and bidirectional anisotropies) are derived. It is established that cosmic ray losses at the regions connecting the magnetic cloud with the Sun determine the amplitude of the second step of Forbush decrease. The time dependence of the Forbush decrease characteristics on magnetic cloud type is determined. The calculation results of the particle density and unidirectional anisotropy generally correspond to measurements. The referred results show a prominent role of the magnetic field structure in the time dynamics of the Forbush decrease.
Exploratory genome-wide association analysis of response to ketamine and a polygenic analysis of response to scopolamine in depression
Authors: Guo Wei , Machado-Vieira Rodrigo , Mathew Sanjay , Murrough James W. , Charney Dennis S. , Grunebaum Matthew , Oquendo Maria A. , Kadriu Bashkim , Akula Nirmala , Henter Ioline , Yuan Peixiong , Merikangas Kathleen , Drevets Wayne , Furey Maura , Mann J. John , McMahon Francis J. , Zarate Carlos A. , Shugart Yin Yao
Published: December 2018

Growing evidence suggests that the glutamatergic modulator ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depressed subjects. The anticholinergic agent scopolamine has also shown promise as a rapid-acting antidepressant. This study applied genome-wide markers to investigate the role of genetic variants in predicting acute antidepressant response to both agents. The ketamine-treated sample included 157 unrelated European subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD). The scopolamine-treated sample comprised 37 unrelated European subjects diagnosed with either MDD or BD who had a current Major Depressive Episode (MDE), and had failed at least two adequate treatment trials for depression. Change in Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) or the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scale scores at day 1 (24 h post-treatment) was considered the primary outcome. Here, we conduct pilot genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses to identify potential markers of ketamine response and dissociative side effects. Polygenic risk score analysis of SNPs ranked by the strength of their association with ketamine response was then calculated in order to assess whether common genetic markers from the ketamine study could predict response to scopolamine. Findings require replication in larger samples in light of low power of analyses of these small samples. Neverthless, these data provide a promising illustration of our future potential to identify genetic variants underlying rapid treatment response in mood disorders and may ultimately guide individual patient treatment selection in the future.
Neural coding of intended and executed grasp force in macaque areas AIP, F5, and M1
Authors: Intveld Rijk W. , Dann Benjamin , Michaels Jonathan A. , Scherberger Hansjörg
Published: December 2018

Considerable progress has been made over the last decades in characterizing the neural coding of hand shape, but grasp force has been largely ignored. We trained two macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta)on a delayed grasping task where grip type and grip force were instructed. Neural population activity was recorded from areas relevant for grasp planning and execution: the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), F5 of the ventral premotor cortex, and the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1). Grasp force was strongly encoded by neural populations of all three areas, thereby demonstrating for the first time the coding of grasp force in single- and multi-units of AIP. Neural coding of intended grasp force was most strongly represented in area F5. In addition to tuning analysis, a dimensionality reduction method revealed low-dimensional responses to grip type and grip force. Additionally, this method revealed a high correlation between latent variables of the neural population representing grasp force and the corresponding latent variables of electromyographic forearm muscle activity. Our results therefore suggest an important role of the cortical areas AIP, F5, and M1 in coding grasp force during movement execution as well as of F5 for coding intended grasp force.
Collective dipole oscillations of a spin-orbit coupled Fermi gas
Authors: Zhang Shanchao , He Chengdong , Hajiyev Elnur , Ren Zejian , Song Bo , Jo Gyu-Boong
Published: December 2018

The collective dipole mode is induced and measured in a spin-orbit (SO) coupled degenerate Fermi gas of 173Yb atoms. Using a differential optical Stark shift, we split the degeneracy of three hyperfine states in the ground manifold, and independently couple consecutive spin states with the equal Raman transitions. A relatively long-lived spin-orbit-coupled Fermi gas, readily being realized with a narrow optical transition, allows to explore a single-minimum dispersion where three minima of spin-1 system merge into and to monitor collective dipole modes of fermions in the strong coupling regime. The measured oscillation frequency of the dipole mode is compared with the semi-classical calculation in the single-particle regime. Our work should pave the way towards the characterization of spin-orbit-coupled fermions with large spin s >$$\frac{1}{2}$$

1
2

in the strong coupling regime.
β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) suppresses cell cycle progression of non-neuronal cells
Authors: Okamoto Saki , Esumi Shigeyuki , Hamaguchi-Hamada Kayoko , Hamada Shun
Published: December 2018

β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), a natural non-proteinaceous amino acid, is a neurotoxin produced by a wide range of cyanobacteria living in various environments. BMAA is a candidate environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson-dementia complex. Although BMAA is known to exhibit weak neuronal excitotoxicity via glutamate receptors, the underlying mechanism of toxicity has yet to be fully elucidated. To examine the glutamate receptor-independent toxicity of BMAA, we investigated the effects of BMAA in non-neuronal cell lines. BMAA potently suppressed the cell cycle progression of NIH3T3 cells at the G1/S checkpoint without inducing plasma membrane damage, apoptosis, or overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which were previously reported for neurons and neuroblastoma cells treated with BMAA. We found no evidence that activation of glutamate receptors was involved in the suppression of the G1/S transition by BMAA. Our results indicate that BMAA affects cellular functions, such as the division of non-neuronal cells, through glutamate receptor-independent mechanisms.
Copper(i)-carbenes as key intermediates in the [3 + 2]-cyclization of pyridine derivatives with alkenyldiazoacetates: a computational study
Authors: López Luis A. , González Javier
Published: December 2018

This work reports a computational study of the copper(i)-catalyzed regioselective synthesis of indolizine derivatives through the [3 + 2]-cyclization reaction of vinyldiazo acetates and pyridine derivatives.
An AcOH-mediated metal free approach towards the synthesis of bis-carbolines and imidazopyridoindole derivatives and assessment of their photophysical properties
Authors: Singh Dharmender , Sharma Shubham , Kumar Mukesh , Kaur Inderpreet , Shankar Ravi , Pandey Satyendra Kumar , Singh Virender
Published: December 2018

A concise, atom-economical and environmentally sustainable tandem strategy has been formulated to access highly fluorescent (ΦF up to 40%) target molecules via the formation of three C–N bonds in a single operation.
Reductive cleavage of the N–O bond: elemental sulfur-mediated conversion of N-alkoxyamides to amides
Authors: Wang Senlin , Zhao Xue , Zhang-Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei
Published: December 2018

By treating with elemental sulfur in the presence of DABCO in DMSO, a variety of N-alkoxyamides were readily converted to amides in satisfactory to excellent yields via a metal-free reductive cleavage of the N–O bond.
Exploring characteristics of the corner sections of a domain wall trap nanostructure with the two-field direction method
Authors: Nhut-Minh Ho Vu , Duc-Anh Ho Le , Tran Minh-Tung , Cao Xuan-Huu , Dao Vinh-Ai , Tong Duy-Hien , Ngo Duc-The , Hoang Duc-Quang
Published: December 2018

A domain wall trap structure which supports a reproducible wall motion using the two field direction method with variations of the two field orientation angles (±θ).
Potential antihyperlipidemic polyketones from endophytic Diaporthe sp. JC-J7 in Dendrobium nobile
Authors: Hu Ming , Yang Xue-Qiong , Wan Chuen-Ping , Wang Bang-Yan , Yin Hai-Yue , Shi Li-Jiao , Wu Ya-Mei , Yang Ya-Bin , Zhou Hao , Ding Zhong-Tao
Published: December 2018

Eleven new polyketones were isolated from Diaporthe sp. JC-J7, and some compounds indicated antihyperlipidemic activity.
Multifunctional sharp pH-responsive nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and effective breast cancer therapy
Authors: Yao Yandan , Saw Phei Er , Nie Yan , Wong Ping-Pui , Jiang Linjia , Ye Xiaojing , Chen Jun , Ding Tao , Xu Liang , Yao Herui , Hu Hai , Xu Xiaoding
Published: December 2018

A new multifunctional pH-responsive NP platform was developed for targeted anticancer drug delivery and effective breast cancer therapy.
Structural basis for two efficient modes of agropinic acid opine import into the bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Marty Loïc , Vigouroux Armelle , Aumont-Nicaise Magali , Pelissier Franck , Meyer Thibault , Lavire Céline , Dessaux Yves , Moréra Solange
Published: December 2018

Agrobacterium tumefaciens pathogens genetically modify their host plants to drive the synthesis of opines in plant tumors. The mannityl-opine family encompasses mannopine, mannopinic acid, agropine and agropinic acid. These opines serve as nutrients and are imported into bacteria via periplasmic-binding proteins (PBPs) in association with ABC transporters. Structural and affinity data on agropine and agropinic acid opines bound to PBPs are currently lacking. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of AgtB and AgaA, proposed as the specific PBP for agropine and agropinic acid import, respectively. Using genetic approaches and affinity measurements, we identified AgtB and its transporter as responsible for agropine uptake in agropine-assimilating agrobacteria. Nonetheless, we showed that AgtB binds agropinic acid with a higher affinity than agropine, and we structurally characterized the agropinic acid-binding mode through three crystal structures at 1.4, 1.74 and 1.9 Å resolution. In the crystallization time course, obtaining a crystal structure of AgtB with agropine was unsuccessful due to the spontaneous lactamization of agropine into agropinic acid. AgaA binds agropinic acid only with a similar affinity in nanomolar range as AgtB. The structure of AgaA bound to agropinic acid at 1.65 Å resolution defines a different agropinic acid-binding signature. Our work highlights the structural and functional characteristics of two efficient agropinic acid assimilation pathways, of which one is also involved in agropine assimilation.
Up-regulated ferritin in periodontitis promotes inflammatory cytokine expression in human periodontal ligament cells through transferrin receptor via ERK/P38 MAPK pathways
Authors: Huang Wenxue , Zhan Yalin , Zheng Yunfei , Han Ye , Hu Wenjie , Hou Jianxia
Published: December 2018

Objective: Ferritin, an iron-binding protein, is ubiquitous and highly conserved; it plays a crucial role in inflammation, which is the main symptom of periodontitis. Full-length cDNA library analyses have demonstrated abundant expression of ferritin in human periodontal ligament. The aims of the present study were to explore how ferritin is regulated by local inflammation, and to investigate its functions and mechanisms of action in the process of periodontitis. Methods: Human gingival tissues were collected from periodontitis patients and healthy individuals. Experimental periodontitis was induced by ligature of second molars in mice. The expression of ferritin light polypeptide (FTL) and ferritin heavy polypeptide (FTH) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, after stimulating human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) with P. gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), the expression of FTH and FTL were measured. Then, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured after incubation with different concentrations of apoferritin (iron-free ferritin) and several intracellular signaling pathway inhibitors, or after knockdown of the transferrin receptor. Results: Both FTH and FTL were substantially higher in inflamed periodontal tissues than in healthy tissues. The location of the elevated expression correlated well with the extent of inflammatory infiltration. Moreover, expression of FTH and FTL were enhanced after stimulation with P. gingivalis-LPS, IL-6, TNF-α. Apoferritin induced the production of IL-6 and IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner partly through binding to the transferrin receptor and activating ERK/P38 signaling pathways in HPDLCs. Conclusions: Ferritin is up-regulated by inflammation and exhibits cytokine-like activity in HPDLCs inducing a signaling cascade that promotes expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with periodontitis.
Archaea, from obscurity to superhero microbes: 40 years of surprises and critical biological insights
Authors: Robinson Nicholas P.
Published: December 2018

This issue of Emerging Topics in the Life Sciences highlights current areas of research in the field of archaeal biology and the following introductory editorial sets the stage by considering some of the key developments over the last four decades since the initial identification of the archaea as a unique form of life. Emerging topics from this vibrant and rapidly expanding field of research are considered and detailed further in the articles within this issue.
Conserved principles of transcriptional networks controlling metabolic flexibility in archaea
Authors: Schmid Amy K.
Published: December 2018

Gene regulation is intimately connected with metabolism, enabling the appropriate timing and tuning of biochemical pathways to substrate availability. In microorganisms, such as archaea and bacteria, transcription factors (TFs) often directly sense external cues such as nutrient substrates, metabolic intermediates, or redox status to regulate gene expression. Intense recent interest has characterized the functions of a large number of such regulatory TFs in archaea, which regulate a diverse array of unique archaeal metabolic capabilities. However, it remains unclear how the co-ordinated activity of the interconnected metabolic and transcription networks produces the dynamic flexibility so frequently observed in archaeal cells as they respond to energy limitation and intermittent substrate availability. In this review, we communicate the current state of the art regarding these archaeal networks and their dynamic properties. We compare the topology of these archaeal networks to those known for bacteria to highlight conserved and unique aspects. We present a new computational model for an exemplar archaeal network, aiming to lay the groundwork toward understanding general principles that unify the dynamic function of integrated metabolic-transcription networks across archaea and bacteria.
The human archaeome: methodological pitfalls and knowledge gaps
Authors: Mahnert Alexander , Blohs Marcus , Pausan Manuela-Raluca , Moissl-Eichinger Christine
Published: December 2018

Forty years ago, archaea were described as a separate domain of life, distinct from bacteria and eukarya. Although it is known for quite a long time that methanogenic archaea are substantial components of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the oral cavity, the knowledge on the human archaeome is very limited. Various methodological problems contribute to the invisibility of the human archaeome, resulting in severe knowledge gaps and contradictory information. Similar to the bacteriome, the archaeal biogeography was found to be site-specific, forming (i) the thaumarchaeal skin landscape, (ii) the (methano)euryarchaeal GIT landscape, (iii) a mixed skin/GIT landscape in nose, and (iv) a woesearchaeal lung landscape, including numerous unknown archaeal clades. Compared with so-called universal microbiome approaches, archaea-specific protocols reveal a wide diversity and high quantity of archaeal signatures in various human tissues, with up to 1 : 1 ratios of bacteria and archaea in appendix and nose samples. The archaeome interacts closely with the bacteriome and the human body cells, whereas the roles of the human-associated archaea with respect to human health are only sparsely described. Methanogenic archaea and methane production were correlated with many health issues, including constipation, periodontitis and multiple sclerosis. However, one of the most burning questions — do archaeal pathogens exist? — still remains obscure to date.