bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Trade and the Convergence in Youth Technological Awareness and Expectations within NAFTA: The Case of GMOs and Nuclear Power Technologies
Authors: Niankara Ibrahim , Adkins Lee C.
Published: May 2019

Relying on the USA, Canada and Mexico extract from the cross-national data sample on the environmental affection and cognition of adolescent students (Niankara, 2019), along with seemingly unrelated bivariate weighted ordered probit regression modeling (Niankara and Zoungrana, 2018), this study reports on the convergence of technological awareness and expectations within the context of international trade. We achieve this by adopting a regional perspective in investigating the effects of affective, cognitive and situational factors on youth's awareness and expectations about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and nuclear power technology (NPT) within the North American free trade block. Identification of model parameters is achieved using maximum simulated likelihood methods. The findings show that although it has been over 20 years as of 2015 that USA, Canada, and Mexico ratified the north American free trade agreement (NAFTA), the diffusion of technology and information within the trade block has not succeeded in homogenizing awareness and expectations about GMOs and Nuclear power technology, as observed in the youth population across the three countries. Indeed, with regards to technological awareness, compared to youth from the USA, those from Canada show 15% (GMOs) and 7.1% (NPT) more awareness respectively; while those in Mexico are respectively 34.4% and 19.5% less aware about GMOs and NPT. With respect to technological expectations, compared to youth from the USA, those from Canada and Mexico are respectively 34.4% and 39.9% more optimistic about GMOs, while 15% and 49.7% more optimistic about NPT. Overall, youth within NAFTA country members are respectively 2.5% and 6.7% more optimistic about GMOs and NPT for every level increase in their awareness about the two technologies.
A New Form of Velocity Distribution in Rectangular Microchannels with Finite Aspect Ratios
Authors: Kashaninejad Navid
Published: May 2019

This study presents a new form of velocity distribution in laminar liquid flow in rectangular microchannels using the eigenfunction expansion technique. Darcy friction factor and Poiseuille number are also obtained analytically. Due to the symmetry of the solutions, the effects of changing the aspect ratio from 0 to ∞ are also discussed. Using finite element method (FEM), the obtained analytical results are further compared with the 3D numerical simulations for the rectangular microchannels with different range of aspect ratio and pressure gradient, and excellent agreements were found. These findings provide additional insights in interpreting the results of the pressure-driven flows in finite aspect ratio microchannels, in which very precise comparison with the macroscale theory is crucial.
Childhood Trauma and Stressful Life Events Are Independently Associated with Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents
Authors: Baddam Suman K.R. , Olvera Rene L. , Canapari Craig A. , Crowley Michael J. , Williamson Douglas E.
Published: May 2019

Adolescence is a critical developmental period associated with an increase in stress, the appearance of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and changes in sleep patterns. Even though the disruption of sleep patterns in stress and anxiety and depressive disorders is well known, the independent effects of childhood trauma and stressful life events on sleep patterns are less understood. We tested the independent effects of stress (childhood trauma and stressful life events) while controlling for anxiety and depression on adolescent sleep patterns. Seven hundred fifty-two adolescents completed self-report questionnaires about childhood trauma, stressful life events, anxiety, and depression. Four sleep factors identifying movement during sleep, sleep regularity, sleep disturbances and sleep pressure were extracted in the principal component analysis of sleep questions. Both childhood trauma and recent stressful life events were significantly associated with sleep disturbances before and after controlling for anxiety and depression.
Support Vecztor Regression Integrated with Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm for River Flow Forecasting in Lake Urmia Basin
Authors: Samadianfard Saeed , Jarhan Salar , Salwana Ely , Mosavi Amir , Shamshirband Shahaboddin , Akib Shatirah
Published: May 2019

Adequate knowledge about the development and operation of the components of water systems is of high importance in order to optimize them. For this reason, forecasting of future events becomes greatly significant due to making the appropriate decision. Moreover, operational river management severely depends on accurate and reliable flow forecasts. In this regard, current study inspects the accuracy of support vector regression (SVR), and SVR regulated with fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOASVR) and M5 model tree (M5), in river flow forecasting. Monthly data of river flow in two stations of the Lake Urmia Basin (Vaniar and Babarud stations on the Aji Chay and the Barandouz Rivers) were utilized in the current research. Additionally, the influence of periodicity (π) on the forecasting enactment was examined. To assess the performance of mentioned models, different statistical meters were implemented, including root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (R), and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Results showed that the FOASVR with RMSE (4.36 and 6.33 m3/s), MAE (2.40 and 3.71 m3/s) and R (0.82 and 0.81) values had the best performances in forecasting river flows in Babarud and Vaniar stations, respectively. Also, regarding BIC parameters, Qt-1 and π were selected as parsimonious inputs for predicting river flow one month ahead. Overall findings indicated that, although both FOASVR and M5 predicted the river flows in suitable accordance with observed river flows, the performance of FOASVR was moderately better than the M5 and periodicity noticeably increased the performances of the models; consequently, FOASVR can be suggested as the accurate method for forecasting river flows.
A study of Pakistani English Newspaper Texts: An application of Halliday and Hasan’s Model of Cohesion: A Discourse Analysis
Authors: Afzaal Muhammad , Chishti Muhammad Ilyas , Bhatti Abdul Ghaffar , Imran Joiya Muhammad
Published: May 2019

The research aims to examine the patterns of each type of cohesive device in the light of cohesion model proposed by Halliday and Hasan in 1976. Halliday and Hasan (1976) identified five different types of cohesion: reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion in the text. This study uses the selected weekly articles authored by Cyril Almeida from well-known daily published English Newspaper “The Daily Dawn”. Analysis of text comprises Halliday and Hasan’s cohesion model, and analysis linguistic techniques used in newspaper texts. The study finds repeated occurrences of cohesive devises such as referencing, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Moreover, reiteration is found to be the most frequently occurring cohesive device. In addition, reference from grammatical cohesion also outnumbered all other subcategories of cohesion. In addition, a many of literary terms used in articles makes it diverse in uncovering some of political context to audience. Hence, it concludes that in, the overall occurrences of lexical cohesion i.e. reiteration and collocation are dominant; suggesting that the texts of selected news articles of Cyril Almeida are cohesive mainly because of lexical cohesion i.e. semantic linkage through vocabulary rather than grammar
Monoclonal Antibody as an Emerging Therapies for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Woods Demi , Jiang Qian , Chu Xiang-Ping
Published: May 2019

Acute ischemic strokes are the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of neurological disability worldwide. The oxygen and glucose deprivation associated with ischemic strokes not only leads to neuronal cell death, but also increases the inflammatory response and decreases functional output of the brain. The only intervention approved by US Federal Drug and Food Administration for treatment of ischemic strokes is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), however, such treatment can only be given within 4.5 hours of the onset of stroke-like symptoms. This narrow time-range limits its application, and it also might induce detrimental rather than beneficial effects to stroke patients by treatment of the tPA. In order to reduce the infarct volume of an acute ischemic stroke while increasing the time period for treatment, emerging therapies reveal great potential by targeting inflammation, growth factors, ion channels, and neurotransmitter receptors with monoclonal antibody (MAB). With successfully application in the treatment of cancer patient by MAB, in this review, we will focus on recent advances on stroke therapy by using MAB on the treatment of stroke by targeting inflammation, growth factors, ion channels, and neurotransmitter receptors. Therefore, developing specific MAB targeting the signaling pathway of stroke will contribute to stroke therapy.
Systematic Assessment of Freely-Diffusing Single-Molecule Fluorescence Detection using Brownian Motion Simulations
Authors: Hagai Dolev , Lerner Eitan
Published: May 2019

Single-molecule fluorescence detection (SMFD) experiments are useful in distinguishing between sub-populations of molecular species in measurements of heterogeneous samples. One of the experimental platforms for SMFD is based on a confocal microscope setup, where molecules in the solution randomly traverse an effective detection volume, formed by a tightly focused laser beam. The non-uniformity of the excitation profile and the random nature of Brownian motion, produce fluctuating fluorescence signals. For these signals to be distinguished from the background, single-molecule fluorescence burst analysis is frequently used. Yet, the relation between the results of burst analyses and the underlying spatial information of the diffusing molecules is still obscure and requires systematic assessment. In this work we performed three-dimensional Brownian motion simulations of SMFD, and tested the positions from which the molecules emitted photons that were detected and passed the burst analysis criteria for different values of burst analysis parameters. The results of this work verify which of the burst analysis parameters and experimental conditions influence both the position of molecules in space when fluorescence is detected and taken into account, and whether these bursts of photons arise purely from single molecules, or not entirely.
Cloudy with a Chance of Insights: Context Dependent Gene Regulation and Implications for the Evolution of Gene Expression
Authors: Buchberger Elisa , Reis Micael , Lu Ting-Hsuan , Posnien Nico
Published: May 2019

Research in various fields of evolutionary biology has shown that divergence in gene expression is a key driver for phenotypic variation. An exceptional contribution of cis-regulatory evolution has for instance been found to contribute to morphological diversification. In the light of these findings, the analysis of genome-wide expression data has become one of the central tools to link genotype and phenotype information on a more mechanistic level. However, in many studies, especially if general conclusions are drawn from such data, a key feature of gene regulation is often neglected. With our article, we want to raise awareness that gene regulation and thus gene expression is highly context dependent. Genes show tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression. We argue that the regulatory context must be considered when studying evolution of gene expression.
Bergamot (Citrus bergamia, Risso): The Effects of Cultivar and Harvest Date on Functional Properties of Juice and Cloudy
Authors: Giuffrè Angelo Maria
Published: May 2019

Reggio Calabria province (South Italy) is known for being almost the only area of cultivation of the bergamot fruit, grown principally for its essential oil, but today much studied for the health benefits of its juice. The biometrics and physico-chemical properties of the three (Citrus bergamia Risso) existing genotypes namely Castagnaro, Fantastico and Femminello were studied during fruit ripening from October to March. Castagnaro cv had the biggest and heaviest fruit during this harvest period. °Brix (7.9-10.0), pH (2.2-2.8) and Formol number (1.47-2.37 mL NaOH 0.1N/100mL) were shown to be influenced by both the genotype and by the harvest date. Titratable acidity (34.98-59.50 g/L) and Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) (341-867 g/L) decreased during fruit ripening. The evolution of flavonoids such as neoeriocitrin, naringin, neohesperidin brutieridin and melitidin was studied both in bergamot juice and in the bergamot cloudy which is the aqueous extract of bergamot during fruit processing. Bergamot cloudy contained a higher quantity of flavonoids compared to the juice. This study gives important information regarding the cultivar and the harvest date for producers who want to obtain the highest juice quantity or the highest juice quality from the bergamot fruit.
Ricin: An Ancient Story for a Timeless Plant Toxin
Authors: Polito Letizia , Bortolotti Massimo , Battelli Maria Giulia , Calafato Giulia , Bolognesi Andrea
Published: May 2019

The castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) has been known since time immemorial in traditional medicine in the pharmacopeia of Mediterranean and eastern ancient cultures. Moreover, it is still used in folk medicine worldwide. Castor bean has been mainly recommended as anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, anti-bacterial, laxative, abortifacient, for wounds, ulcers, and many other indications. Many cases of human intoxication occurred accidentally or voluntarily with the ingestion of castor seeds or derivatives. Ricinus toxicity depends on several molecules, among them the most important is ricin, a protein belonging to the family of ribosome-inactivating proteins. Ricin is the most studied of this category of proteins and it is also known to the general public, having been used for biocrimes in several cases. Here, the main steps of ricin research are reported with particular regards to its enzymatic activity, structure and cytotoxicity. Moreover, we discuss ricin toxicity for animals and humans, as well as the relation amongst bioterrorism and ricin and its impact on environmental toxicity. Ricin has also been of great utility to develop a number of immunotoxins specific for the elimination of unwanted cells, mainly cancer cells; some of these immunotoxins gave promising results also in clinical trials.
Comparing Human versus Machine-Driven Cadastral Boundary Feature Extraction
Authors: Nyandwi Emmanuel , Koeva Mila , Kohli Divyani , Bennett Rohan
Published: May 2019

The objective to fast-track the mapping and registration of large numbers of unrecorded land rights globally, leads to the experimental application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the domain of land administration, and specifically the application of automated visual cognition techniques for cadastral mapping tasks. In this research, we applied and compared the ability of rule-based systems within Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA), as opposed to human analysis, to extract visible cadastral boundaries from Very high resolution (VHR) World View-2 image, in both rural and urban settings. From our experiments, machine-based techniques were able to automatically delineate a good proportion of rural parcels with explicit polygons where the correctness of the automatically extracted boundaries was 47.4% against 74.24% for humans and the completeness of 45% for machine, as against 70.4% for humans. On the contrary, in the urban area, automatic results were counterintuitive: even though urban plots and buildings are clearly marked with visible features such as fences, roads and tacitly perceptible to eyes, automation resulted in geometrically and topologically poorly structured data, that could neither be geometrically compared  with human digitised, nor actual cadastral data from the field. These results provide an updated snapshot with regards to the performance of contemporary machine-drive feature extraction techniques compared to conventional manual digitising.
Impact of exercise training on cardiotoxicity and cardiac health outcomes in women with breast cancer undergoing anthracycline-containing chemotherapy: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Antunes Pedro , Esteves Dulce , Nunes Célia , Sampaio Francisco , Ascensão Antonio , Vilela Eduardo , Teixeira Madalena , Amarelo Anabela Leal , Joaquim Ana
Published: May 2019

Background: Anthracyclines are chemotherapeutic agents frequently used in breast cancer (BC) treatment. Although improving disease-free and overall survival, the use of anthracyclines is associated with a cumulative risk of cardiac toxicity. Preventive strategies to optimize cardiac health are needed and exercise is proposed as a potential non-pharmacological approach for counteracting of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity (ARC). Most of the data on the effects of exercise to reduce ACT is from animal studies, with only a few studies with a limited number of patients indicating beneficial effects. To better understand the effectiveness of exercise in mitigation of ARC, clinical, real-world trials claim for a larger sample size and more accurate and valuable clinical biomarkers. In this study, we intend to include a large sample size and investigate cardiac function throughout serial measures of biomarkers and imaging techniques.
Methods: This protocol describes a two-armed prospective randomized controlled trial that will explore the cardioprotective effect of a structured exercise program in women with BC undergoing anthracycline-containing chemotherapy (ACT). Ninety adult women with early BC and with a therapeutic decision to receive ACT will be randomly assigned (1:1) to an intervention group or a control group. Patients allocated to the intervention group will perform a supervised exercise program three times per week, consisting of a combination of aerobic and resistance training with progressive intensity and volume, during the time period they received ACT. The control group will receive standard BC care. Primary outcomes related to cardiac (dys)function will be circulating N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, resting left ventricular (LV) longitudinal strain, and resting LV ejection fraction. Secondary outcomes will include the assessment of resting blood pressure, resting heart rate (HR), resting HR variability (HRV), recovery HR, physical function outcomes, self-reported physical activity level, health-related quality of life and fatigue. Data will be obtained at baseline (t0), after the end of anthracycline-treatment (t2), and three months after t2 (t3). Additionally, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels will be measured 1-24 hours prior to each anthracycline-treatment cycle (t1).
Discussion: The implementation of the present study design, using novel clinical biomarkers, will determine the effect of structured exercise interventions at mitigating ARC, with the overall aim of finding means to further improve BC care.

Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN32617901. Registered on 24 October 2018. Last updated on 11 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN32617901.
Interprofessional education challenges in medical education of Iran
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Mirmoghtadaie Zohrehsadat , Rasouli Davood
Published: May 2019

Background

Interprofessional education is one of the most important educational methods for developing team work encounter with many challenges, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the important challenges of Interprofessional education in Iran's medical educational system.

Methodology

The qualitative content analysis was used to explain the perception and experience of 15 professors and experts regarding the challenges of Interprofessional education with semi structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed with Graneheim and Lundman qualitative approach in the MAXQDA software V.12 interviews were completed.

Findings

According to the participants, the important challenges to designing and implementation of Interprofessional education was: 1) educational challenges, 2) structural challenges and 3) cultural challenges.

Conclusion

Because of the importance of Interprofessional education to enhancing medical education, policymakers need to understand the importance of IPE and address the barriers and challenges they face. Also the Structures must be created and attitudes change.
Identification of large-scale genomic rearrangements during wheat evolution and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Bariah Inbar , Keidar-Friedman Danielle , Kashkush Khalil
Published: May 2019

Background: Following allopolyploidization, nascent polyploid wheat species react with massive genomic rearrangements, including deletion of transposable element-containing sequences. While such massive rearrangements are considered to be a prominent process in wheat genome evolution and speciation, their structure, extent, and underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
Results: In this study, we retrieved ~3500 insertions of a specific variant of Fatima, one of the most dynamic gypsy long-terminal repeat retrotransposons in wheat from the recently available high-quality genome drafts of Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) and Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides or wild emmer, the allotetraploid mother of all modern wheats. The dynamic nature of Fatima facilitated the identification of large (i.e., up to ~ 1 million bases) Fatima-containing insertions/deletions (indels) upon comparison of bread wheat and wild emmer genomes. We characterized 11 such indels using computer-assisted analysis followed by PCR validation, and found that they occurred via unequal intra-strand recombination or double-strand break (DSB) events. In most cases, indels breakpoints were located within transposable element sequences. Additionally, we observed one case of introgression of novel DNA fragments from an unknown source into the wheat genome.
Conclusions: Our data thus indicate that massive large-scale DNA rearrangements might play a prominent role in wheat speciation.
Transverse Versus Longitudinal Uterine Incision in Abdominal Myomectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Elguindy Alaa , Hemeda Hosam , Shawky Mohamed Esmat , Nawara Maii , Elsenity Mohamed , Elsayed Medhat Adel , Fahim Ahmed , Afifi Khaled
Published: May 2019

Background

It has long been believed that longitudinal uterine incision causes less blood loss than transverse incision in myomectomy, yet knowledge of detailed anatomy of vascular supply of a myoma suggests that transverse incision would be a safe choice. Our aim was to compare between transverse and longitudinal uterine incisions in myomectomy.

Methods

A randomized controlled study in a university affiliated hospital, in which 52 women candidates for abdominal myomectomy were randomized into transverse uterine incision or longitudinal uterine incision groups. Intraoperative blood loss, operative time and postoperative fever were analyzed.

Results

No statistically significant difference was found between transverse and longitudinal incisions regarding intraoperative blood loss (389.7 ± 98.56 ml vs 485.04 ± 230.6 ml respectively, p value=0.07), operative time (59.96 ± 16.78 min vs 66.58 ± 17.33 min respectively, p value=0.18), and postoperative fever (4% vs 8.33%, p value=0.6).

Conclusion

Transverse uterine incision does not cause more blood loss than longitudinal incision and is a reasonable option during abdominal myomectomy.
Trial registration

NCT03009812 at clinicaltrials.gov, registered January 2017
Neolithic Settlement and Public: The case of Donja Branjevina by Odžaci
Authors: Tripković Ana , Tripković Boban
Published: May 2019

Donja Branjevina has been known to the professional public from the mid 1960s, as an archaeological site dated in to the Early Neolithic period. In the decades after its discovery, extensive research into the site has been conducted, as well as may activities concerning its preservation and presentation, making this one of the most famous and important praehistoric sites in Serbia. The paper presents the context and circumstances of the development of praehistoric archaeology in Serbia leading in our opinion to professional recognition of Donja Branjevina and in particular the anthropomorphic figurine known as Red-Haired Goddess, and the subsequent public interest for the site. Our aim is: 1) to point that the importance of Donja Branjevina and the Red-Haired Goddess was initiated and shaped even before the actual discovery, through the previous process of disciplinary development, where the specific traits of the site and the finds were an unexpected, but welcome discovery; 2) to remind that the usage of the archaeological knowledge in the modern society, although outside the scope of disciplinary practice, is still primarily founded upon the discipline itself, i.e. upon the information presented to the public. Conclusively, instead of critical appraisal of the modern society and the unexpected results, we are more inclined to stress the importance of a thorough reconsideration of the discipline and the modes in which we collect, valorise and present the data.
Beatnik Fashion, Rock’n’Roll, and the Generation Conflict in Yugoslavia 1965-1967
Authors: Raković Aleksandar
Published: May 2019

The paper examines how beatnik fashion spread through the former Yugoslavia as a phenomenon attendant upon rock’n’roll; it also focuses on the resulting generation conflict, and on the turning of the Communist Party and the Communist Youth Organization towards these music and fashion trends. The study is based on documents from the Serbian Foreign Ministry’s Diplomatic Archives and the Historical Archives of Belgrade, as well as on texts published in Belgrade and Zagreb dailies and music, entertainment and youth magazines in the period 1965-1967.
Yustalgie: Remembrance and Material Culture of Socialism as a Frame of Reference for the Consumption of the Present
Authors: Mijić Emilija
Published: May 2019

The paper is a result of research on consumption processes and nostalgic narratives connected to former Yugoslavia. It deals with the relations between consumption yustalgia and yustalgic consumption, two processes interrogated in nostalgic narratives.

The goal of the research was to explain how people use active memories and nostalgic narratives as a tool of critique for the present socio-political and economical position. In this transitional moment, socialist material culture is a one kind of critique process in post-socialistic discourse.
In the Service of Continuity. Ethnoarchaeology in Serbia
Authors: Palavestra Aleksandar
Published: May 2019

Ethnoarchaeology as a sub-discipline of archaeology primarily entails survey and research of various aspects of contemporary societies, in order to enable archaeologists to understand the dynamic processes that have created in the past the phenomena we now recognize as archaeological material, i.e. archaeological record. Ethnoarchaeological studies in Serbia have been ill-fated, since almost all the roads leading towards this approach have been jammed by various conceptions of the idea of continuity. In the Serbian archaeology, continuity has been understood as continuation of direct Aegean and Greek influences, as a metaphysical continuity of spirit, inexplicable “idealtypical” continuity, national continuity, or as a transmission of cultural traditions. Common to all these paradigms is the understanding of continuity as a given, and the contemporaneous ethnographic material has been used solely as an illustration of the long life of certain cultural shapes. The true value of ethnoarchaeology as a way of overcoming the statics of the archaeological record and gaining insight into the dynamics of the past has never been realized.
Reproductive Health and Reproductive Vulnerability
Authors: Žikić Bojan
Published: May 2019

Reproductive health represents, almost to an equal extent, a socio-cultural and a medical fact. What influences it, both positively and negatively, stems from the ways in which we culturally cognize and act with regard to reproductive behavior. These thoughts and actions are conditioned by a culturally contextualized conceptualization of human physiology which is, in turn, based on the conceptualization of sexuality, and especially, the normativization of gender roles. Therefore, reproductive health is, above all, female health, when viewed as a socio-cultural category, meaning that reproductive vulnerability mostly refers to those factors that negatively influence female reproductive health. These factors are social – they negatively influence reproductive health through the institutional and legally normative aspects, they are economic – they decrease the number of those who, in a certain socio-cultural context, have timely access to quality medical care, and they are cultural – they reinforce modes of thinking and behavior which do not take into consideration the right of every human being to his or her own sexual and reproductive life, but rather insist on conforming individual sexuality and reproductive desires and capacities to the dominant cultural norm.
Between History and Modernity: The Anthropological Study of Migrant Workers in the 21st Century
Authors: Kovačević Ivan , Krstić Marija
Published: May 2019

Half a century after the first migrant workers left to find labor in the countries of Western Europe comes the moment in which it is necessary to summarize and refocus the research into this phenomenon. The research effort has – in accordance with temporal distance and accessible documents – been joined by historians, on top of previously existing research conducted within the frameworks of demography, economy and sociology. The modest participation of anthropologists within studies of migrant workers up to the present has resulted in a scarcity of critical research questions and studies which would provide answers to them. Some issues were missed due to non-functional focusing on immigration and national minorities in neighboring countries, and can now only be studied within the context of historical anthropology. Still, it is necessary to define the directions which new research questions should take in order to make the transition from description to interpretation of phenomena stemming from the fact that over a million people from Serbia, over the last half century, have spent, or still spend a large portion of their lives working in Western European countries. This paper represents an attempt to formulate some of the possible paths contemporary anthropological research could take in the study of the semi centennial “temporary labor abroad” of Serbian citizens.
About efficiency of the pharmacological scores as a predictors of outcomes after cardiac surgery
Authors: Bautin Andrei E. , Ksendikova A. V. , Belolipetskiy S. S. , Abutalimova N. R. , Marichev A. O. , Naimushin A. V. , Etin V. L. , Radovskiy A. M. , Karpova L. I. , Grebennik V. K. , Gordeev M. L.
Published: May 2019

Pharmacological scores, such as inotropic score (IS) and vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) were created to quantify doses of vasoactive and inotropic drugs. The number of studies where IS and VIS were used for evaluation of postoperative period of adult patients after cardiac surgery is small.
Objective: to estimate IS and VIS as an approach for monitoring of the hemodynamic profile and clinical outcomes in the early postoperative period of cardiac surgery.
Methods. The study involved 144 patients older than 18 years who underwent cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). In perioperative period we measured cardiac output using a Swan-Ganz catheter with the calculation of central hemodynamic parameters, and also VIS and IS wcre calculated. We evaluated the prognostic value of these pharmacological scores in the development of complications of the early postoperative period, as well as their correlation with the duration of respiratory support, the length of stay in the ICU, and total hospital time.
Results. IS ≥ 10 significantly associated with prolonged respiratory support, a long stay in the ICU and with a mortality rate of 28.6 %. Patients with IS ≥ 10 are characterized by a violation of tissue perfusion, main cause of which may be a low cardiac output syndrome. IS ≥ 10 can be used as criteria for the low cardiac output syndrome with impaired organ perfusion. The use of this pharmacological score as a predictor of adverse clinical outcomes and increased mortality is justified. The hemodynamic profile of patients with VIS ≥ 10 is characterized by the absence of signs of cardiac output decrease and normal organ perfusion. It has low prognostic significance for the adverse postoperative clinical outcomes and should not be used as perioperative criteria for low cardiac output. In addition, VIS ≥ 10 requires careful use as a predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes and mortality.
Therapeutic hypothermia in treatment of different cerebral injuries
Authors: Butrov Andrey V. , Torosyan B. D. , Cheboksarov D. V. , Makhmutova G. R.
Published: May 2019

There is an increasing incidence of various cerebral eventsin Russia, as well as throughout the world. At the same time, despite of all the successes of modern medicine, the treatment outcomes of these patient groups haven’t improved. The main successes are based on faster patient delivery to hospitals and on the creation of specialized centers for this cohort of patients. At the same time, the effectiveness of pharmacological agents with neuroprotective activity is questionable. On the other hand, therapeutic hypothermia techniques have proven to be an effective method of neuroprotection in various cerebral events. These methods can be divided into local and general hypothermia. Each of these options has its own advantages and indications. Thus, the use of general hypothermia techniques maintains the target temperature of the whole body, these techniques are more controllable, but at the same time, the methods of local craniocerebral hypothermia allows to affect the target organ. The methods of hypothermia and thermostabilization have been proven to improve the treatment results of patients post-CPR and in children with neonatal hypoxia. The effectiveness of hypothermia in the remaining pathological conditions of the brain has not yet been investigated. Studies of the last 5 years have not revealed high efficacy of general hypothermia at TBI, so almost of all studies indicated that normothermia and hypothermia are equally effective. Studies are ongoing in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematomas and ischemic stroke. Identifying groups of patients who are recommended for these methods for complex treatment can lead to progress in improving survival and neurological outcome.
Experience with the use of selective plasma exchange in patients with newly detected secreting multiple myeloma
Authors: Zuderman Natalia Е. , Ushakova N. D. , Lysenko I. B. , Nikolaeva N. V. , Kapuza E. A.
Published: May 2019

The prospects of using the selective plasma exchange in the treatment of first identified multiple myeloma (secretory) is substantiated (MM). Twenty-four patients (16 men and 8 women) were examined with stage II−III of the disease. Patients were divided into two groups: the main group (n = 13) with inclusion in therapy selective plasma exchange were included in the treatment and a control group (n = 11) — were treated according to standard protocol. The patients received specific treatment according to the VCD scheme. The concentrations of paraprotein, free light chains Ig (FLC), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), blood toxicity and the functional characteristics of albumin were studied. The studies were conducted before and after the completion of chemotherapy. Additionally, the concentration of paraprotein, FLC and MSM (molecules with average mass) in the blood serum were determined before and 30 min after the end of selective plasma exchange, as well as in the plasma filtrate. The results of the study showed that the inclusion of selective plasma exchange in the treatment ensured the excretion of more than 50 % of the paraprotein and FLC in the blood, a decrease in their concentration after the completion of the procedure: paraprotein 32 %, κ — FLC 43 %, λ — FLC 68 %. There was a greater regression of monoclonal protein levels and FLC production with a marked decrease in the indices of endogenous intoxication and an improvement in the functional properties of the albumin in the main group as compared with the control after completing the chemotherapy course. In the group of patients a more best to the therapy was obtained: a good response — in 69.2 % of the patients (in the control group — in 45.5 %); a negative response — in 30.8 % of cases against 54.5 % in the control group. The obtained results suggested that including selective plasma exchange in the specific complex therapy of patients with first identified multiple myeloma allows to reduce the volume of paraprotein, increase the degree and rate of reduction of LC, without affecting the toxicity of the therapy, which contributes to the strengthening of hematological and renal response to ongoing treatment.
Developing Foreign Language Presentation Competence of Linguistic Majors through Cooperative Learning
Authors: Dashkina A. I. , Zlobina O. N.
Published: May 2019

It is essential for linguistic majors to acquire the foreign language presentation competence. This competence includes a complete set of knowledge, aptitudes and skills, as well as psychological characteristics one needs to make a public speech. The experiment described in the article was aimed at ascertaining whether this competence can be formed more efficiently through cooperative learning. In order to assess the extent to which the foreign language presentation competence has been developed, the authors considered the following criteria: foreign language proficiency, knowledge of the subject matter, the ability to structure the presentation and to make slides, and a carefully prepared report. When the report was assessed, the following criteria were taken into account: speech rate and volume, eye contact, pronunciation, vocal fillers, enthusiasm, whether or not mistakes were made and whether the delivery was polished. Such personality traits as self-confidence, intensity, determination, adequate self-evaluation, general knowledge, empathy and willingness to develop oneself are also the inherent components of the foreign language presentation competence. An experiment was conducted to find out whether presentations should be prepared in the process of cooperative learning or individually. In the experimental groups presentations were prepared cooperatively, and the students with a high level of foreign language proficiency helped the ones whose knowledge was rudimentary. In the monitoring groups the students worked individually. Four presentations were made and the students’ progress by the end of the experiment was assessed on the basis of  the criteria applied to a public report. In the experimental groups, the students made more progress than those in the monitoring groups. The experiment clearly demonstrates that linguistic majors develop the foreign language presentation competence through cooperative learning.
The Inducing Role and Molecular Basis of Bursal Hexapeptide (BHP) on Avian Immature B Cell
Authors: Feng Xiu Li , Zheng Yang , Hao Shan Shan , Zhou Guang Fang , Chen Pu Yan
Published: May 2019

Background:

The Bursa of Fabricius is an acknowledged central humoral immune organ unique to birds, which provides an ideal research model on the immature B cell development.

Objective:

In this article, our motivation is to study the role on sIgM and establish the molecular basis and functional processes of Bursal Hexapeptide (BHP) in avian immature B cells DT40 cell lines.

Methods:

In this article, we detected the expressions of sIgM mRNA with qPCR in DT40 cells with BHP treatment, and investigated the gene expression profiles of BHP-treated DT40 cells, employing microarray analyses. Also, to validate the differentially expressed genes, we performed KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology analysis in the BHP-treated DT40 cells. Finally, we comparatively analyzed the similar regulated genes and their involved immune functional processes between DT40 cell and mouse immature B cell line WEHI231 cell with BHP treatment.

Results:

Following the proposed framework, we proved that the BHP enhanced the mRNA expression levels of IgM in DT40 cells, and induced 460 upregulated genes and 460 downregulated genes in BHP-treated DT40 cells. The pathway analysis showed that the differentially regulated genes in DT40 cell line with BHP treatment were involved in 12 enrichment pathways, in which Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was the vital pathways, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and Jak-STAT signaling pathway were another two important pathways in BHP-treated DT40 cells. Moreover, BHP induced the immune related biological processes in BHP-treated DT40 cells, including T cell related, cytokine related, lymphocyte related, and innate immune response GO terms. Finally, the comparatively analysis showed that there were two downregulated genes GATA3 and IFNG to be found co-existed among the differentially expressed genes in BHP-treated DT40 cell and WEHI231 cells, which shared some same immune related functional processes in both cell lines.

Conclusion:

After the applying the framework, we proved the inducing roles and the gene expression profiles of BHP on avian immature B cells, and verified some molecular basis from the KEGG and GO analysis. These results provided the insight for mechanism on immature B cell differentiation, and offer the essential direction for the vaccine improvement.
Extracellular Vesicles as Vehicles for the Delivery of Biologically Active Fungal Molecules
Authors: Herkert Patricia F. , Amatuzzi Rafaela F. , Alves Lysangela R. , Rodrigues Marcio L.
Published: May 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous structures surrounded by a lipid bilayer required
for the export of fungal proteins, lipids, toxins, nucleic acids, pigments, and polysaccharides. Proteomic
studies of the content of fungal EVs revealed the presence of molecules involved in cell metabolism,
signal transduction, and virulence, among others. EVs are evolutionarily conserved in all three domains
of life and play important roles in cell-cell communication. Recently, the bidirectional transport of EVs
was characterized through the demonstration that EVs can be released and captured by fungal cells. In
fungi, EVs participate in immunomodulation through the delivery of virulence factors, antigens and allergens,
but further studies are necessary to investigate their potential roles as carriers of diagnostic biomarkers
and in drug delivery or antifungal resistance transmission. In this review, we discuss the roles of
fungal EVs and their cargo in cell-cell communication, host-pathogen interactions, and environmental
perception. The functions of EVs as vehicles for transporting fungal proteins and virulence factors are
also addressed, as well as their use as biomarkers for the diagnosis of diseases and possible participation
in antifungal responses.
Natural Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Role of Herbals in the Treatment of Hyperpigmentary Disorders
Authors: Zaidi Kamal Uddin , Ali Sharique A. , Ali Ayesha , Naaz Ishrat
Published: May 2019

Cutaneous pigmentation plays critical role in determining the color of skin along with photo protection of skin from dreadful effects of ultraviolet radiations. Conversely, abnormal accumulation of melanin is responsible for hyper pigmentary disorders such as melasma, senile lentigines and freckles. Because of the visible nature of dermatologic diseases, they have a considerable psychosomatic effect on affected patients. Tyrosinase inhibitors are molecules that interrelate in some way with the enzyme to prevent it from working in the normal manner. Past many decades witnessed the quest for the development of natural tyrosinase inhibitors due to imperative role played by tyrosinase in the process of melanogenesis and fungi or fruit enzymatic browning. Mechanism of pigmentation is characterized by the intact process of the synthesis of specialized black pigment within melanosomes. Melanin is synthesized by a cascade of enzymatic and chemical reactions. For this reason, melanin production is mainly controlled by the expression and activation of tyrosinase. In the current article, we discussed tyrosinase inhibitors from the natural sources, which can be an essential constituent of cosmetics products and depigmenting agents for the treatment of hyperpigmentory disorders.
Identification of the noise structure of micromechanical inertial transducers of motion parameters
Authors: Lestev A. M. , Fedorov M. V. , Evstafiev S. D.
Published: May 2019

The article presents the results of the analysis of the noise structure of micromechanical transducers of motion parameters – micromechanical gyroscopes (MMG) and micromechanical accelerometers (MMA) of an experimental measuring unit of strapdown inertial position navigation systems. The unit is manufactured and developed at JSC «GYROOPTICS» (St. Petersburg). It consists of a LL–MMG triad with measuring ranges of ±400°/s and an axial-type MMA triad with measuring ranges of ± 50 g. Micromechanical gyroscopes and accelerometers manufactured using modern microelectronics technologies are among the most promising microsystem technology devices that are widely used as sensors of the primary information of strapdown inertial orientation and navigation systems. The accuracy of the functioning of the inertial orientation and navigation inertial systems is significantly affected by the noise structure of the output signals of the inertial motion parameters sensors. For this reason, the urgent task of identifying the noise of micromechanical gyroscopes and accelerometers. The noise structure of the angular rate and linear acceleration transducers of the tested SINS block was identified by the Allan variance method. The output signals of the transducers were recorded in normal climatic conditions, the sampling interval was 1.0 ms, and the recording duration was 90 minutes. The processing of the output signals of the transducers was carried out on the basis of special software using the AlaVar 5.2 program. It has been established that the predominant noise components of the transducers are the random walk of the output signal – white noise and the instability of the zero signal – flicker noise. No quantization noise was detected in the output signals of the transducers. The values of the noise characteristics in Allan variance of the output signals of the angular rate transducers and the linear acceleration of the test block are compared with the noise characteristics of the most advanced modules produced by foreign companies.