bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Accurately Are MERMAID Seismograms Located?
Authors: Nolet Guust , Simon Joel D. , Bonnieux Sebastien
Published: March 2024

Floating seismographs (Mobile Earthquake Recorder in Marine Areas by Independent Divers project “MERMAIDs”) record the data at depth at a location that is determined by linearly interpolating between the Global Positioning System positions when surfacing, assuming a constant drift velocity at depth. We study the influence of a changing drift velocity between surfacings and of a curvature of the drift trajectory. We separate localizations that directly follow a triggered ascent from those that are interpolated later. The first ones have on average a mislocation of 99 m due to curvature of the drift, against 685 m for interpolated localizations. Mislocations due to nonconstant velocity are somewhat smaller. Equivalent time errors have a distribution with heavier tails than Gaussian. The halfwidth of the 95% interval for equivalent arrival-time errors is smaller than 27 ms if the seismogram recording triggers an immediate ascent. If the recording is transmitted at a later surfacing, the interpolation is less precise with a 95% confidence interval halfwidth of 222 ms, but 67% of the errors are below 44 ms. We conclude that the localization errors have no significant impact on the accuracy of picked arrival times.
Mathematical Thinking and Problem Solving Performance: The Mediating Role of Hope
Authors: UYGUN Tuğba , DERE Rahime , ERTEM AKBAŞ Elif
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the present study is to provide a mediation model by exploring the relationships among mathematical thinking, hope and problem solving performance in mathematics. The participants of the present study were composed of 311 preservice mathematics teachers. In this mixed method research, these preservice mathematics teachers were conducted to the scales of Dispositional Hope and Mathematical Thinking, and Problem Solving Test. Based on the quantitative data analysis, it was observed that statistically significant relationships among the variables of hope, mathematical thinking and problem solving performance. The quantitative data collected through these instruments were also analyzed by mediation analysis techniques. The qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews were analyzed by content analysis technique. These data encouraged the findings acquired from quantitative data analysis. The qualitative findings confirmed the findings of the mediator role of hope. The qualitative findings encouraged the relationships among the variables and the role of mediator.
Comportamento dos gastos corrente por aluno em períodos de crise e prosperidade econômica nos Institutos Federais no nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Oliveira Amanda Correira de , Rocha André Leite , Silva Valdemir
Published: March 2024

Entre os indicadores estabelecidos pelo Tribunal de Contas da União - TCU, com o intuito de contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento da Administração Pública em benefício da sociedade, está o Gasto Corrente por Aluno Equivalente que visa medir os custos por aluno em determinado período. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o comportamento do indicador de custo dos Institutos Federais da região Nordeste brasileira entre os anos de 2010 e 2018 com o intuito de verificar se houve impacto nesse indicador antes e após a crise iniciada em 2014. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, está pesquisa classificou-se como descritiva quanto ao objetivo, documental quanto ao procedimento e quantitativa quanto a abordagem. Para tanto, foram coletados no portal dos Instituições Federais de Educação Profissional, Científica e Tecnológica os relatórios de gestão, a partir dos quais foram extraídos o resultado anual do indicador Gasto Corrente por Aluno. A amostra compreendeu os 11 Institutos Federais presentes nos 9 estados da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Como resultado, observa-se que durante os 9 anos analisados, um aluno custou em média R$ 14.313,82 para os cofres públicos e que apesar de ser esperada uma redução de gastos, no período de crise, os custos por alunos foram maiores neste período e que, apesar de estarem na mesma região, os custos por aluno se comportam de maneira distinta em cada instituto. Como contribuição espera-se que este estudo tanto para a literatura quanto à sociedade, por meio da disseminação do conhecimento necessário para a avaliação de desempenho dos recursos aplicados nos Institutos Federais.
Identificación de cortes en sección delgada de las especies Clavihedbergella simplex y Clavihedbergella moremani presentes en rocas cretácicas provenientes de la parte central del Valle Medio del Magdalena, Colombia
Authors: Díaz-Suárez Camila M.M. , Sánchez-Quiñónez Carlos Alberto
Published: March 2024

El estudio de foraminíferos planctónicos usando secciones delgadas es relativamente reciente y en el caso de las especies Clavihedbergella simplex y Clavihedbergella moremani es un método que facilita su observación e identificación, más aún en rocas Cretácicas colombianas donde el método de preparación tradicional con peróxido no es efectivo. Este estudio hace una descripción taxonómica de dichas especies a partir de ejemplares en secciones delgadas e identifica sus respectivas ocurrencias a lo largo de rocas Cretácicas en un pozo ubicado en la parte central del Valle Medio del Magdalena, Colombia. Las directrices presentadas en este estudio validan la utilidad de este método de investigación y facilitan la identificación de estas dos especies en sección delgada.
Desarrollo de una metodología heurística para la selección de un tratamiento pasivo aplicada a drenajes ácidos de mina en Santander, Colombia
Authors: Rojas-Marin Elkin Dario , Angarita-Izaquita Gustavo Andrés , Palacios Jhon Freddy , Delvasto Pedro
Published: March 2024

Se desarrolló una metodología heurística, con el propósito de seleccionar un tratamiento pasivo caracterizado por poseer procesos químicos y/o biológicos para tratar los drenajes ácidos de mina, el cual no utiliza equipos externos y pueden cumplir su funcionamiento hasta por 20 años, lo anterior como alternativa para la remediación de un drenaje ácido de mina en la región de Soto Norte, Santander y que, de acuerdo con estudios realizados, presentó niveles de concentración de elementos, compuestos, tales como hierro, plomo, cobre, aluminio y sulfatos elevados, y pH ácido. Con el objetivo de encontrar alternativas exitosas y replicables de otras partes del mundo que presentan problemáticas similares, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica, que dio como resultado, 40 plantas industriales ubicadas en los siguientes países: Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, España, Nueva Zelanda y Canadá. Posteriormente, se evaluó cada una de ellas y se definieron las siguientes variables para su selección: la dilución de elementos contaminantes, flujo y el tiempo de funcionamiento, luego se procedió a graficarlas, categorizarlas y priorizarlas según su probabilidad de éxito. En este proceso, se obtuvo como resultado 3 plantas con una categorización de muy alta y 8 plantas con alta probabilidad de éxito, de las cuales, la planta denominada Cadillac Molybdenite de Canadá presentó el mejor desempeño teniendo en cuenta, el costo, número de etapas entre otros indicadores evaluados y la posibilidad que estas tecnologías puedan ser replicadas en Santander.
Síntesis de nanocatalizadores basados en nanopartículas de óxido de hierro: una revisión bibliométrica
Authors: Chagüendo-Figueroa Leidy C. , Mosquera-Vargas Edgar , Coral Diego
Published: March 2024

En este artículo se presenta una revisión bibliográfica de las rutas de síntesis de nanopartículas de óxido de hierro con aplicaciones como nanocatalizadores en la síntesis de nanoestructuras de carbono por el método de pirólisis de plásticos. Por medio de la pirólisis, es posible sintetizar estructuras tales como nanotubos de carbono de pared simple (SWCNTs), de pared doble (DWCNTs), de pared múltiple (MWCNTs) y nano fibras de carbono (CNFs), las propiedades morfológicas y químicas de los nanocatalizadores garantizan la producción mayoritaria y poco defectuosa de estas nanoestructuras. En cuanto al nanocatalizador de óxido de hierro, esta revisión expone la importancia de parámetros como su forma y tamaño, propiedades que son controladas desde el proceso de síntesis, y la importancia de la interacción entre las nanopartículas y el soporte utilizado. Estos factores influyen directamente en el rendimiento del nanocatalizador, en términos de la actividad catalítica, la selectividad y la durabilidad.
A Study on Heat and Flow of Viscoelastic Dielectric Liquid Over an Inclined Stretching Sheet
Authors: Veena N. , Abraham Annamma , Idicula Jojy Joseph , Dinesh P. A.
Published: March 2024

Exploring the behavior of viscoelastic dielectric liquids on an inclined stretching sheet involves a comprehensive mathematical analysis. Employing a Runge-Kutta-based shooting strategy, this study delves into the system's non-linear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs). The research investigates how physical parameters like the Prandtl number, dielectric interaction parameter, viscoelastic parameter, Grashof number, and angle of inclination influence both velocity and temperature. Through graphical representations, the study sheds light on the impact of these factors and compares its findings with existing data. This intriguing combination of dielectric liquid behaviour under varying inclinations holds significant potential applications in Mines, Materials, and Fuels.
Three-Dimensional Boundary-Layer Flow Across A Wedge: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Gogate S. Shashi Prabha , Praveena M. M.
Published: March 2024

The present work investigates the flow of a continuous, laminar, 3-D boundary-layer over a fixed wedge, where the outside free-stream flows are approximately approximated by a power of distances. The controlling partial differential equations are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the necessary boundary conditions using surface similarity transformations. These equations involve two physical variables: pressure gradient and shear-to-strain rate. The resulting equations are numerically solved by the implicit finite-difference scheme known as the Keller-box approach. The obtained results are compared with those reported in the literature for a few special cases. Our numerical results indicate that the flow zone is divided into two areas: near-field (close to the wedge surface) and far-field field (mostly controlled by inviscid flow).
Dielectric Properties of Aluminium and Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nano Powder Prepared by Solution Combustion Synthesis
Authors: Sangeetha A. , Nagabhushan B. M. , Chanappa  , Subramani  , Ravikiran
Published: March 2024

Aluminium and Silver doped Zinc Oxide nano powder were synthesized by Solution Combustion method using Sucrose (C12H22O11) as fuel at 600o C. X-Ray diffraction pattern analysis confirms synthesized nano powders crystalized in single phase wurtzite structure matched with JCPDS-36-1451. Addition of dopant controls the crystallite size of the synthesized nano powder. The study of dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss, AC conductivity and impedance were investigated in the frequency range of 100Hz to 5MHz at room temperature. It is evident from the analysis that dielectric properties of the samples depends on the nature of the dopant.
Facile Synthesis of Spinel Zinc Aluminate Using Biofuel For Effective Photocatalytic Dye Degradation And Electrochemical Sensor Studies
Authors: Gurushantha K. , Keshavamurthy K. , Shashidhar S. , Meena S.
Published: March 2024

Zinc aluminate nanomaterial provide a potential candidate for photocatalytic and sensor applications. Using biofuel (banana peel powder), zinc aluminate was synthesized by SCM (solution combustion method) in the current study. The properties of the phase structures, chemical composition, morphologies, and photocatalytic sensors were characterized by utilizing powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, CH analyzer, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and photocatalytic reactor. Indigo Carmine (IC) dye degradation under UV light was used to assess the photocatalytic activity. The results showed that zinc aluminate makes a superior photocatalyst for degrading organic dyes like indigo carmine. In a potassium hydroxide electrolyte medium, zinc aluminate was also an effective substance for paracetamol and lead metal sensing. The results confirm that the novel material could be used for various industrial applications.
A Review on Compression-Ignition Engine Performance And Emissions With Hydrogen-Diesel Mixtures: Effect Of Operational Parameters
Authors: Nath Sudipta , Kumar Ranjan , Khan Shahanwaz , Das Somnath , Ranjan Vinayak
Published: March 2024

The combustion of conventional fuel in Compression-Ignition (CI) engines is generally understood as a primary cause of hydrocarbon exhaust emissions. Alternative fuels and hydrocarbon fuels can be mixed to lower pollution emissions while enhancing engine efficiency. Here, the various variables which impact emissions and engine efficiency are fully illustrated. Numerical work on the engine was done to examine the working and outflow patterns of a dual-fuel CI engine at various fuel combination ratios. In the test setup, diesel is used as main fuel and hydrogen and air as the controlling fuel. In order to formulate this special CI engine numerically, three-dimensional computer based analytical tools were used. For this method, n-heptane was chosen as reaction fuel and a reduced-reaction mechanism was taken into account. To investigate the soot formation rate inside the cylinder, the model by Hiroyasu-Nagel was developed. Here, a study looks into the performance effects on the variations of secondary fuel and its emissions. Presence of good amount of hydrogen during combustion results in better thermal efficiency and better performance. As the hydrogen rate increased, ignition timing was delayed as a result of a time lag in the OH component’s evolution. Meanwhile, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and timing of the diesel incorporation strategies are also taken as important performance parameter.
Synthesis of Graphene Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrid Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation: A Mini Review
Authors: Vergis Bincy Rose , Kottam Nagaraju , Smrithi S. P. , Joseph Suju C.
Published: March 2024

The discovery of visible active photocatalysts for H2 evolution via water splitting is the most awaited and critical goal of many researchers in recent years. Novel polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (GCN/g-CN) has emerged as a versatile material which has attracted the scientific community and industrialist because of its distinctiveness and outstanding electronic properties. g-CN is a metal free semiconductor as well as non-toxic, biodegradable polymeric material with low band gap energy which makes it a promising candidate as a photocatalyst and its efficiency as a catalyst can be modified by forming a hybrid nanocomposite with other semiconducting materials. Reduced graphene oxide, another metal free 2D material is a very good choice for this purpose. This review is an outlook for the synthesis processes and various properties of both g-CN and graphene. Further, it gives the approaches attempted towards the modifications required and done towards the development of a metal-free nano-hybrid material which is cost-effective, eco-friendly, and highly active visible light catalyst for the water- splitting process.
Design and Development of Iot Based Apparatus For Measuring Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Slabs
Authors: Venugopal Navya , Pal Neelabru , Ramakrishna Murthy K. , Singh Swastik , Mishra Gaurav
Published: March 2024

Thermal conductivity is the amount of heat that can be passed through or conducted by any material. Evaluating the thermal conductivity of insulators is critical for many applications. The available thermal conductivity apparatuses are expensive, time-consuming, and tedious to operate. With the advent of nanotechnology, there is a tremendous increase in the research and development of new insulating materials to be used for various applications. So, there is an urgent need to develop a portable, simple, and cost-effective apparatus that can be used in research laboratories to measure the thermal conductivity of newly developed insulating materials. In this regard, a portable and cost-effective thermal conductivity apparatus has been indigenously developed in the laboratory. The apparatus has been used to measure the thermal conductivity of insulating slabs. The values obtained from the apparatus have been verified with known material and found to be in broad agreement with the value available in the literature. The results obtained have been deployed onto the cloud in real-time using the Internet of Things platform. A plot of the thermal conductivity of the insulating slab at different temperatures has been displayed in the cloud. It can be concluded that the developed apparatus can be used to measure the thermal conductivity of any insulating slab with reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, this apparatus gives the same accuracy for measuring the thermal conductivity of metals as long as their dimensions are known, such as metallic bars or slabs. The thermal conductivity of the metals is compared to the standard values and this can determine their purity and if composites such as nanomaterials have been added. It is very useful for the mining industry as well, to measure the thermal conductivity of metals and assess their purity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Fabricated Over Ruthenium Oxide Through Reflux Method
Authors: Chandruvasan S. , Mylarappa M. , Prasanna Kumar S. G. , Kantharaju S. , Shravana Kumara K. N.
Published: March 2024

In this present work, graphene supported ruthenium oxide (rGO/RuO2) was synthesized by reflux method. Spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize the synthesized rGO/RuO2 NPs, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDAX). Synthesized rGO/RuO2 NPs that were prepared via reflux method at 150 °C for 3 hours showed a paper like structure with an average crystalline sizes of reduced graphene and rGO/RuO2 was found to be 14 and 10.3 nm. Therefore, the reflux synthesis method, as compared to more complex and time-consuming synthesis methods, can be used to easily and quickly produce high-quality, uniform-sized rGO/RuO2 NPs. The synthesized material has a successful application in electrochemical sensors, photocatalyst, antioxidant, hydrogen generation, used as catalyst in mines, minerals and fuels.
A Nanofluid Boundary Layer Flow Over a Stretching Body in the Presence of Porous Medium
Authors: Bhavya N. P. , Gayathri M. S. , Dinesh P. A. , Jyothirmayi M.
Published: March 2024

A numerical approach is presented to investigate fluid concentration, velocity and temperature like flow characteristics for the nano fluid boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet in the presence porous medium. The equations of ordinary differentiation are obtained from the governing equations of partial differentiation using similarity transformations. The reduced equations of ordinary differentiation have solved numerically using both Spectral Collocation Method and Shooting Technique which involves R-K Fehlberg and N-R method. The computation results are drawn for dimensionless parameters like Lewis number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, thermal diffusivity, Prandtl number and porous parameter on the fluid flow, concentration and temperature characteristics. The computation results dictates that the enhancement of the porous parameter diminishes the flow whereas temperature and concentration enhance in this region. Due to nanofluid there is a rise in thermal conductivity of fluid flow. The polymer drawing and extrusion, casting, hot rolling, metal cooling and lot of engineering processes made use of the computational results and information understood very well.
Feasibility Study for the Development of Small Scale Low Speed Wind Tunnel for Supermileage Prototype Car
Authors: Siddharth S. H. , Singh Nikita , Yadav Hanu , Mishra Aakash , Ahmed Khalique Ejaz
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the design and construction of a small-scale low-speed open circuit wind tunnel suitable for experimental testing and analysis of aerodynamic phenomena. The wind tunnel is specifically designed for low-speed applications, focusing on flows within velocities of 35 meters per second with turbulence conditions below 10 percent. The design process of a wind tunnel involves considerations such as dimensions, design parameters, and instrumentation to ensure accurate flow measurements, with key components including a settling chamber, contraction section, test section, diffuser, and drive system working together to remove disturbances, create uniform flow, minimize blockage effects, and generate required airflow for accurate aerodynamic testing. This paper highlights the design considerations, key components, construction techniques, and the significance of the wind tunnel for aerodynamic testing, validation of simulations, and education. The designed wind tunnel is capable of producing controlled and repeatable low-speed flow conditions, making it suitable for a wide range of applications, including aerodynamic testing of scaled- down models, validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, and educational purposes. The small-scale design allows for cost-effective construction and operation while maintaining reliable results.
PLC Controlled Assembly Automation for Spot Welding Work Station
Authors: Dhanalakshmi C. V. , Shivashankara B. S.
Published: March 2024

Automation has created an eminent need in the present trend of manufacturing industries to boost its throughput with reduced manual intervention and benefit in terms of good product quality, reduced scrape rate, and efficient usage of resources. Assembly process necessitates more perfection to achieve good quality products, which can only be possible by employing highly skilled and experienced operators which costs more and hence Automation is the best choice to mitigate this problem. The present work is an effort to upgrade the manual assembly station for spot welding process to assemble three sub-components called cup, fastener and mesh together through spot welding process with an automatic part handling mechanism, controlled by sensor-based Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). The automated assembly station resulted in flaw less welded components with reduced cycle time, which enhanced the assembly process productivity from 2 parts/min to 6 parts/min.
Evaluation of Ground Water Quality in Yeliyur Grama Panchayath Villages, Kunigal Taluk
Authors: Krishne Gowda Y. H. , Gurushantha K. , Kottam Nagaraju
Published: March 2024

Life on Earth is dependent on water, which is an essential component of the atmosphere. The source of household water for millions of homes in both rural and urban areas is the tube well. Groundwater is the most alternative is facing threats. Tube well and open well samples were collected at different sites of Yeliyur grama panchayath Villages, Kunigal Taluk. The Physico- Chemical properties of all the collected 20 groundwater samples were analyzed. The quality of groundwater in and around Yeliyur grama panchayath Villages, Kunigal Taluk has been studied various parameter such as pH, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), total hardness, total alkalinity, turbidity, Na+, K+, Cl-, F-, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, NO32-, DO, Chromium and Pb. The final experimental results were compared with the WHO variable standards (2021).
The Importance of Evaluation of Neck Circumference to Thyromental Distance Ratio as a Predictor of Difficult Intubation
Authors: Shamim Ahmed , Swami Sarita , Konnur Shweta , Patil Kalyani Nilesh
Published: March 2024

Background: Pre-operative airway assessment for predicting difficult intubation is of utmost importance for anaesthesiologists to ensure adequate oxygenation and ventilation which is a priority.
Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of neck circumference (NC) to thyromental distance (TMD) ratio (NC/TMD) as a predictor of difficult intubation and its correlation with established predictors namely Mallampatti grading (MPC grading), Modified Cormack Lehane’s Score (MCLS grading).
Methods: 140 patients of age between 18 to 60 years with ASA I, II were selected. Pre-operative, MPC grading and NC to TMD ratio was measured. Intra-operatively, MCLS grading, time taken for intubation, number of attempts taken for intubation, any additional use of equipment required and grading ease of intubation were noted. Correlation was done between them.
Results: Out of 140 patients, NC/TMD ratio of >5 was found in 20 patients in which 19 patients required an adjuvant during intubation. NC/TMD ratio had significantly higher sensitivity (75.20) and specificity (99.02) as compared to sensitivity (56.31) and specificity (92.38) of MPC grading. ROC curve for NC/TMD ratio had higher area under curve (AUC = 0.74) than Mallampatti grading (AUC = 0.66).
Conclusion: As compared to MPC grading, NC/TMD has emerged out as a better predictor of difficult intubation.
Analgesic Efficacy of Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine Infiltration in Unilateral Cleft Lip Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blinded Study
Authors: Shahhosseini Sedighe , Montasery Mohammad , Raeisi Iman , Shafa Amir , Omid Mohammad , Memarzadeh Mehrdad , Borghei Yasaman
Published: March 2024

Background: In the majority of cases, the treatment method for Cleft lip is surgery. Providing adequate pain control during and after surgery for children, is too important. Also, different methods are used for pain relief like analgesic prescription and nerve block and different adjuvants can be added to anesthetics to reduce pain.
Aims: This trial was aimed to compare the analgesic effect of Bupivacaine with or without dexmedetomidine or dexamethasone for cleft lip surgery.
Methods: This study is a prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial which conducted on 75 pediatrics, aged between 3 to 10 months, who needed unilateral cleft lip surgery. Patients were divided into 3 groups (n=25 in each group). Children in group A, were given a combination of bupivacaine and 0.5 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine, those in group B, 0.1 mg/kg of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine, and in group C, plain 1 cc of bupivacaine 0.5% was injected in the operation site. Outcomes were assessed via FLACC and WATCHA scores.
Results: The mean age among children was 4.3 ±1.29 months and mean weight was 6.3± 1.09 kg. Pain score and frequency of analgesic request intra and post-operation in group A was lower than others (p<0.0001). Also, FLACC and WATCHA scores were significantly lower in group A (p<0.0001) and parental and surgeon satisfaction was higher in group A (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our study showed that, dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine 0.5% is more effective to improve the analgesia, in children who underwent unilateral cleft lip surgery.
Comparative Study of Dexmedetomidine versus Fentanyl as an adjuvant to Ropivacaine (0.75%) in Epidural Anaesthesia in Lower Limb Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Biradar Vijayalaxmi K , Patel Mamta , Patel Kavan , Panditrao Mridul
Published: March 2024

Background: Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl both possess hypnotic, sedative, analgesic properties and have been utilised as an additive in epidural anaesthesia. The purpose of this study is to compare the sedative and analgesic effects of Dexmedetomidine and Fentanyl when added epidurally with Ropivacaine (0.75%) during lower limb orthopaedic surgery.
Methods: The study comprised of 60 patients, both male and female, aged 18 to 60, who had ASA classification I or II for tibia fibula surgery. Two groups of patients were split up at random: Group RD contains– Ropivacaine (0.75%) 15ml + Dexmedetomidine (1microgm/kg) 0.5ml + 0.5ml sterile water (Total volume-16ml) and Group RF - Ropivacaine 15ml (0.75%) + 1ml Fentanyl (1microgm/kg) (Total volume-16 ml). The epidural space was maintained 4 cm within and situated between L3 and L4 space. Investigations were conducted on parameters such as sensory and motor block features, sedation score, hemodynamic factors and pain assessment. Using the student `t` test, statistical analysis was performed using STATAIC13 software.
Results: Onset of sensory analgesia at L1 and Complete sensory and motor blockage occurred much earlier in the RD group. Higher sedation scores and significantly prolonged postoperative analgesia was observed in RD group.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine is a safer and more effective epidural adjuvant than fentanyl because it provides stable hemodynamics, extended post-operative analgesia, early onset and development of sensory and motor effects and sedation.
Depth of Anesthesia in Sleeve Surgery is Associated with Surgical Rating Score: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Nakisa Yasmin , Movafegh Ali , Sadeghi Mostafa
Published: March 2024

Background: The depth of anesthesia is an important consideration during sleeve surgery, as it can impact patient safety and surgical outcomes. Proper depth of anesthesia can help to ensure patient comfort and reduce the risk of complications such as respiratory depression and hemodynamic instability. This study aimed to determine the association between the depth of anesthesia and the Surgical Rating Score in sleeve surgery.
Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. Twenty patients who were candidates for sleeve surgery by the laparoscopic method and were referred to Dr. Shariati Hospital from 1394 to 1395 were recruited in this study. Informed consent was obtained before the start of the study. Surgical rating scale (SRS) used to assess surgeon satisfaction. Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring used to assess the depth of anesthesia. Patients demographics along with hemodynamic, medications, and depth of anesthesia were recorded
Results: Twenty patients, including four men (20%) and sixteen women (80%), were examined in two groups of 10 people who underwent laparoscopic sleeve surgery (Mean age 40.20 ±8.87). The depth of anesthesia has a direct relationship with the improvement of the patient's condition and the SRS during the operation. As the observations showed, in the first group, the surgeon's satisfaction decreased as a result of the decrease in the depth of anesthesia, but this decrease was not statistically significant (P = 0.064), but in the second group, with the change of conditions and the increase in the depth of anesthesia from 60–65 to 40–45, the surgeon's satisfaction increased significantly (P = 0.018).There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, sex, drugs (fentanyl, etc.), PEEP, TV, BMI, and fluid intake.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the depth of anesthesia has a significant impact on the improvement of the patient's condition and surgeon's satisfaction (SRS) during surgery.
Comparison of Two Different Volumes of Epidural Normal Saline for Enhancing the Effects of Spinal Anesthesia in Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Lower Limb Surgeries: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Shubhra . , Kaur Mohandeep , Kumar Sandeep , Yadav Amlendu , Yadav Rupesh
Published: March 2024

Background: The combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia technique gives a reliable subarachnoid block as well as the flexible epidural block. One of the modified technique of CSE is epidural volume expansion (EVE) in which normal saline or local anesthetic (LA) is instilled though epidural catheter leading to increase in level of sensory blockade. Aim of the study was to compare two different volumes of normal saline for enhancing the effects of spinal anaesthesia in adult patients undergoing elective lower limb surgeries.
Methods: 90 patients were randomly divided into two group. Group A - 45 patients who were received intrathecal 2.0ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and epidural 10ml of 0.9% normal saline for EVE using CSE technique. Group B - 45 patients who were received intrathecal 2.0ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine and epidural 15ml of 0.9% normal saline for EVE using CSE technique.
Results: The demographic data were comparable in both groups. Significant difference was seen in total duration of sensory blockade between group A (192.11±9.80) and group B (Mean ± SD 215.33±17.57minutes) (p<0.0001). Total duration of motor blockade was longer in group B (Mean± SD: 181.91± 16.42) as compared to group A (Mean ± SD: 162.48 ± 9.35 minutes) (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: We conclude that epidural volume expansion (EVE) with 15 ml epidural normal saline was associated with faster onset, higher level and early achieve maximum level of sensory blockade, longer two segment regression time, early onset and longer duration of motor blockade as compared to EVE with 10 ml epidural normal saline.
Does Early Initiation of Labor Epidural Analgesia Affect Labor Outcomes? A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Nataj-Majd Masoomeh , Akrami Majid , Abiri Amene , Hosseini Reihaneh
Published: March 2024

Background: Although epidural analgesia (EA) is a popular and effective method for pain relief during labor, significant controversy exists in terms of the impact of EA on labor outcomes and the best time for initiation of EA. Here, we aim to explore the effects of early initiation EA on the labor process in nulliparous at-term pregnant women.
Methods: A total of 240 nulliparous women enrolled in this study. The early epidural (EE) group (n=120) consisted of women in the latent phase of labor and the late epidural (LE) group (n=120) were in the active phase of labor. Each group received 16 ml of 0.125% preservative-free isobaric bupivacaine with 50 µg fentanyl (total: 17 ml) as a primary bolus dose in the epidural space for labor analgesia and an intermittent bolus of 5-10 ml of the primary solution was administered via a catheter. The length of labor, rate of cesarean section (CS), neonatal well-being, and infant Apgar scores were recorded.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the duration of the first (p=.43) and second (p=.54) phases of labor. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of the rate of CS (p=.21), causes for CS (p=.24), and neonatal Apgar scores (p=0.84).
Conclusion: Initiation of EA during early labor did not result in increased CS or instrumental vaginal deliveries, and did not prolong labor duration.
Post-Anesthesia Sleep Disturbances: A Review Article
Authors: Tabari Masoomeh , Moradi Ali , Attari Jahed Afsaneh
Published: March 2024

General anesthesia is used in modern surgical practice to achieve low-reactivity consciousness, involving analgesia, hypnosis, amnesia, and immobility. Recently, studies have revealed a complex correlation between general anesthesia and postoperative sleep disturbances. In the days following surgery, patients who have undergone anesthesia may experience an increased level of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep due to the suppression of REM sleep during anesthesia. Postoperative complications, such as delirium, may be caused by these disturbances. In particular, anesthesia can exacerbate sleep disorders among vulnerable populations, including those with preexisting disabilities. Insomnia, somnolence, appetite loss, and social withdrawal can be symptoms of preexisting sleep disorders that can worsen postoperative outcomes. There is still considerable uncertainty surrounding the relationship between general anesthesia and sleep disturbances. This scoping review aims to shed light on the incidence of sleep disturbances following surgical and dental anesthesia procedures and investigate the intricate connection between postoperative sleep and general anesthesia. A pioneering study in the field of anesthesia and perioperative care is embarked upon by exploring this critically important topic.
Tracheal Calcification Following Warfarin Administration: A Case Report
Authors: Salarian Sara , Asgari Sogol , Behnaz Faranak
Published: March 2024

Warfarin ought to be utilized for an extended duration in individuals with a predisposition to thromboembolism, such as those with atrial fibrillation or aortic valve replacement. While the primary complication of long-term warfarin usage is the potential for bleeding, there are also infrequent complications like vascular and tracheal calcification. We present a case of a patient who experienced diffuse tracheal calcification as a result of long-term warfarin usage.
A 74-year-old female patient, who had been receiving chronic warfarin treatment for atrial fibrillation, required intubation and was admitted to the intensive care unit due to aspiration pneumonia. As the patient was unable to be extubated during the hospital stay, she became a candidate for Percutaneous dilution tracheostomy (PDT). It was discovered during the PDT procedure that all available spaces of the trachea above the sternum were calcified, preventing the passage of the trach needle. The presence of tracheal calcification was confirmed by both a radiologist and ultrasound examination.
Currently, individuals are compelled to employ oral anticoagulants, like warfarin, in order to avert thromboembolic diseases. Nevertheless, the protracted utilization of warfarin is linked with infrequent adverse outcomes, such as disseminated calcification. Consequently, meticulous scrutiny of these side effects is requisite for patients with enduring warfarin consumption.
Difficult Airway Management with Awake Fiberoptic Intubation and Cross Table Ventilation in a Case of Acquired TEF with Severe Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Mehta Sumedha , Despande Jyoti , Nirwan Pooja , Chopra Dhiraj
Published: March 2024

We report a case of 30-year male who presented with Acquired Tracheoesophageal Fistula with subglottic stenosis and Aspiration Pneumonitis. Patient was managed with Feeding Jejunostomy, Tracheoesophageal Fistula repair and Tracheoplasty, after which patient recovered well. Difficult airway was managed by Awake Fiberoptic Intubation and cross-table ventilation through flexometallic tube intraoperatively during TEF repair.
The Need to Expand Smart Software in Anesthesia Management
Authors: Roodneshin Fatemeh
Published: March 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Thoracic Segmental Anesthesia: A New Paradigm in Anesthesiology Practice
Authors: Ahmed Khan Imran , Ansari Mahtab Alam
Published: March 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
Investigating the Relationship between Cadmium Exposure and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah , Farahmandian Parisa , Fadaei Abdolmajid , Sadeghi Ramezan
Published: March 2024

Background: Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, experienced a surge in production during the 20th century due to the rise of nickel-cadmium batteries, metal plating, and plastic stabilizers. Exposure to cadmium primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated food, such as vegetables and grains, as well as drinking water or inhaling polluted air. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between cadmium exposure and the incidence of prostate cancer using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.
Methods: This research involved searching and retrieving observational and experimental studies conducted until May 2022 from various databases, including ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15 statistical software.
Results: The initial search yielded 794 articles, which were subsequently reduced to 427 articles after eliminating duplicates. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio of prostate cancer compared to the first quartile of exposure in the second quartile was 1.03 (0.95-1.12), in the third quartile it was 1.12 (0.99-1.26) and in the fourth quartile of exposure was equal to 1.16 (0.79-1.70). Regarding the investigation of the probability of the occurrence of publication bias, the results of Begg's and Egger's tests were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Although exposure to cadmium leads to an increase in the chance of prostate cancer, this chance increase was not statistically significant.
Mediating Effect of Digital Information Utilization Ability and Interpersonal Contact on the Relationship between Cognitive Function and Depression in Korean Older Adults
Authors: Kwon Myoungjin , An Na , Seo Kawoun
Published: March 2024

Background: As Korea rapidly enters a super-aged society, interest in depression, a change in psychological function that occurs with aging, is increasing. Although previous studies have suggested a relationship between depression and cognitive decline in older adults, they have not clarified how cognitive decline leads to depression. We aimed to examine the mediating effects of digital information utilization ability (DIUA) and interpersonal contact (IC) in the relationship between cognitive function and depression in older adults.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study used data from the 2020 Korean Elderly Survey. The participants were 9,920 seniors aged 65 years and older. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way ANOVA correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 24.0 and the dual mediation effect was analyzed using PROCESS Macro for SPSS v.3.5 model 6.
Results: Depression had a negative correlation with cognitive function (r=-.26, P<.001), DIUA (r=-.20, P<.001), and IC (r=-.13, P<.001). Cognitive function was positively correlated with DIUA (r=.40, P<.001) and IC (r=.08, P<.001). There was a positive correlation between DIUA and IC (r=.10, P<.001). Finally, the mediating effect of cognitive function on depression through the dual parameters of DIUA and IC was also statistically significant (B=.-001, 95% CI [-.002, -.001).
Conclusion: The depression caused by cognitive decline can be reduced by improving older adults’ ability to use digital information and interact with others. Therefore, social interventions to increase the interpersonal contact of older adults is required, and education programs for improving older adults’ ability to utilize digital information may be developed to increase indirect contact using digital devices as well as direct contact.
Analysis and Forecast of Birth Related Indicators in Selected Balkan and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Stepovic Milos , Vekic Berislav , Kocic Sanja , Radevic Svetlana , Dragojevic Simic Viktorija , Radovanovic Snezana , Vojinovic Radisa , Rancic Nemanja
Published: March 2024

Background: Health indicators are often used for a variety of purposes, including program management, resource allocation, monitoring of country progress, performance-based payment, and global reporting. Real progress in health towards the United Nations Millennium Development Goals and other national health priorities is vitally dependent on stronger health systems. We aimed to analyse the progress of “birth related indicators” of selected countries of Balkan and Eastern Europe and to forecast their values in the future.
Methods: This research report article represents a descriptive data analysis of selected health indicators, extracted from European Health for All database (HFA-DB) and EuroStat.  Indicators of interest were analysed for 17 countries in observational period from 1990 to 2019. The data were analysed using a linear trend estimate and median operation and interquartile range 25th–75th percentile were used for better comparison of each country. Forecasting analysis to year 2025 was performed by combining Excel analysis and SPSS program.
Results: Number of all live births to mothers aged under 20 is decreasing in almost all examined countries, while live births to mother over 35 is mostly increasing. Total fertility rate is also mainly decreasing in almost all countries of interest for our investigation, as well as the crude birth rate. Estimated infant mortality per 1000 live births is decreasing in all observed countries.
Conclusion: Population aging is becoming more pronounced, while current birth-related indicators have negative tendencies; this problem will obviously continue over time.
p21 Improving Osteoarthritis by Regulating the Pyroptosis of Cartilage Cells
Authors: Ouyang Xiao , Chen Xingran , Xin Feng , Sha Peng , Tong Songming , Liu Meng , Li Shimin , Li Xinxin
Published: March 2024

Background: The regulation of p21 in the pyroptosis of cartilage cells still needs to be further clarified. We aimed to explore the regulation of p21 on the pyroptosis of cartilage cells and to reveal the improvement of osteoarthritis.
Methods: Chondrocytes were collected and isolated from patients with osteoarthritis (average age 58.64 ± 4.32) in Xuzhou Third People's Hospital, China in 2019, and healthy volunteers (average age 58.23 ± 3.91) were enrolled as the control group. mRNA expression levels of p21 and pyroptosis-related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, total caspase1 and cleaved-Caspase1) were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR. Cell activity, total number of cells and number of dead cells were calculated with CCK-8, MTT. And the regulation of p21 on the pyroptosis of cartilage cells was verified with overexpression and knockdown of p21 in cartilage cells.
Results: In cartilage cells of patients with osteoarthritis, the transcription and translation levels of pyrolysis-related genes (NLRP3, cleaved-caspase 1, and ASC) significantly increased (P<0.01). p21 expression was up-regulated and positively correlated with the changing trend of pyrolysis-related proteins (P<0.01). Overexpressing p21 genes in normal cartilage cells significantly increased the expression of pyrolysis-related proteins (P<0.01).
Conclusion: The pyroptosis of cartilage cells is causally related to the process of osteoarthritis, and can be regulated by transcription factor p21, which is a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis.
Investigating the Human Reliability in the Healthcare Sector Using the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process and the Success Likelihood Index Method
Authors: Sefidkouhi Hossein Mahmoudi , Najafi Esmaeil , Haji Alireza , Arasteh Abdollah
Published: March 2024

Background: We aimed to identify the factors contributing to human error in hospital emergency departments using scientific methods.
Methods: We used the Fuzzy Analytical Network Process (FANP) and Success Likelihood Index Method (SLIM) to investigate human reliability in 54 hospital emergency departments in 15 provinces of Iran from 2021 to 2022.
Results: The study classified 17 general factors affecting human errors in hospital emergency departments. Organizational (0.349), occupational (0.330), and personal factors (0.320) had the most significant impact on human error. Based on a matrix of paired comparisons for nine emergency tasks using the probability of success index method, "checking test results and diagnosis" had the highest probability of error when referring patients to intensive care or discharge. Although the study prioritized patients, there was still a cumulative probability of human error before disease diagnosis at 0.01332, highlighting the need for further training to minimize these risks.
Conclusion: The FANP and SLIM were effective in identifying the factors contributing to human error in hospital emergency departments. Doctors and nurses working in these departments require more knowledge, experience, and responsibility to avoid errors. By identifying factors influencing the occurrence of human error and finding solutions to reduce risks, hospitals can improve the quality of their care and prevent errors.
Analysis of Correlation between Spinal Deformation and Pelvic Asymmetry in High School Girls with Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Ahn Seji , Jeon Kyoungkyu
Published: March 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.