bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome organization regulates nuclear pore complex formation and promotes differentiation during Drosophila oogenesis
Authors: Kotb Noor M. , Ulukaya Gulay , Chavan Ankita , Nguyen Son C. , Proskauer Lydia , Joyce Eric , Hasson Dan , Jagannathan Madhav , Rangan Prashanth
Published: November 2023

Genome organization can regulate gene expression and promote cell fate transitions. The differentiation of germline stem cells (GSCs) to oocytes in Drosophila involves changes in genome organization mediated by heterochromatin and the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Heterochromatin represses germ-cell genes during differentiation and NPCs anchor these silenced genes to the nuclear periphery, maintaining silencing to allow for oocyte development. Surprisingly, we find that genome organization also contributes to NPC formation, mediated by the transcription factor Stonewall (Stwl). As GSCs differentiate, Stwl accumulates at boundaries between silenced and active gene compartments. Stwl at these boundaries plays a pivotal role in transitioning germ-cell genes into a silenced state and activating a group of oocyte genes and Nucleoporins (Nups). The upregulation of these Nups during differentiation is crucial for NPC formation and further genome organization. Thus, crosstalk between genome architecture and NPCs is essential for successful cell fate transitions.
The mechanism of mRNA activation
Authors: Gentry Riley C. , Ide Nicholas A. , Comunale Victoria M. , Hartwick Erik W. , Kinz-Thompson Colin D. , Gonzalez Ruben L.
Published: November 2023

During translation initiation, messenger RNA molecules must be identified and activated for loading into a ribosome. In this rate-limiting step, the heterotrimeric protein eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4F must recognize and productively interact with the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5’ end of the messenger RNA and subsequently activate the message. Despite its fundamental, regulatory role in gene expression, the molecular events underlying cap recognition and messenger RNA activation remain mysterious. Here, we generate a unique, single-molecule fluorescence imaging system to interrogate the dynamics with which eIF4F discriminates productive and non-productive locations on full-length, native messenger RNA molecules. At the single-molecule level, we observe stochastic sampling of eIF4F along the length of the messenger RNA and identify allosteric communication between the eIF4F subunits which ultimately drive cap-recognition and subsequent activation of the message. Our experiments uncover novel functions for each subunit of eIF4F and we conclude by presenting a model for messenger RNA activation which precisely defines the composition of the activated message. This model provides a general framework for understanding how messenger RNA molecules may be discriminated from one another, and how other RNA-binding proteins may control the efficiency of translation initiation.
Fake news in business and management literature: a systematic review of definitions, theories, methods and implications
Authors: Farhoudinia Bahareh , Ozturkcan Selcen , Kasap Nihat
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to conduct an interdisciplinary systematic literature review (SLR) of fake news research and to advance the socio-technical understanding of digital information practices and platforms in business and management studies.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper applies a focused, SLR method to analyze articles on fake news in business and management journals from 2010 to 2020.

Findings

The paper analyzes the definition, theoretical frameworks, methods and research gaps of fake news in the business and management domains. It also identifies some promising research opportunities for future scholars.

Practical implications

The paper offers practical implications for various stakeholders who are affected by or involved in fake news dissemination, such as brands, consumers and policymakers. It provides recommendations to cope with the challenges and risks of fake news.

Social implications

The paper discusses the social consequences and future threats of fake news, especially in relation to social networking and social media. It calls for more awareness and responsibility from online communities to prevent and combat fake news.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the literature on information management by showing the importance and consequences of fake news sharing for societies. It is among the frontier systematic reviews in the field that covers studies from different disciplines and focuses on business and management studies.
Design of hexacopter and finite element analysis for material selection
Authors: Raut Rituraj , Jadhav Savitri , Jadhav Nathrao B.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to offer a better and more effective hexacopter design for a 3 kg payload using finite element analysis (FEA), facilitating the use of different materials for different components that too without compromising strength.

Design/methodology/approach

A 3D computer-aided design (CAD) model of a hexacopter with a regular hexagonal frame is presented. Furthermore, a finite element model is developed to perform a structural analysis and determine Von Mises stress and strain values along with deformations of different components of the proposed hexacopter design.

Findings

The results establish that carbon fibre outperforms acrylonitrile butadiene (ABS) with respect to deformations. Within the permissible limits of the stress and strain values, both carbon fiber and ABS are suggested for different components. Thus, a proposed hexacopter offers lighter weight, high strength and low cost.

Originality/value

The use of different materials for different components is suggested by making use of static structural analysis. This encourages new research work and helps in developing new applications of hexacopter, and it has never been reported in literature. The suggested materials for the components of the hexacopter will prove to be suitable considering weight, strength and cost.
Sharia governance and organizational performance in zakat management organization: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Zakiy Faris Shalahuddin , Falikhatun Falikhatun , Fauziah Najim Nur
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of sharia governance on organizational performance in zakat management institutions in Indonesia over the period 2017–2021.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examined 33 zakat management organizations in Indonesia from 2017 through 2021 for 151 observations. Gross allocation ratio and growth of ZIS collection are used as organizational performance measures. The independent variables in this study are board of director size, educational background of the board of directors, sharia supervisory board size, sharia supervisory expertise, supervisory size and management size. Also, the study uses size, age and audit opinion as control variables to help measure the relationship between sharia governance and organizational performance.

Findings

This study shows that the board of directors and supervisory size positively and significantly affect organizational performance. Then, the educational background of board of directors has a negative and significant effect on organizational performance. In Model 1, sharia supervisory board size has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance, but in Model 2, sharia supervisory board size does not. Meanwhile, sharia supervisory expertise and management board size do not affect organizational performance.

Practical implications

The findings in this study illustrate the importance of transparency in the zakat management organization. Transparency helps minimize conflicts of interest and information asymmetry in the zakat management organization. In addition, sharia governance mechanism helps regulators and top management to make effective policies to improve and enhance organizational performance.

Social implications

Sharia governance is essential for zakat management organizations to increase accountability, credibility and public trust and support the practice of zakat management organizations.

Originality/value

This study discusses sharia governance and organizational performance in socioreligious organizations, especially zakat management organizations, which are still rarely carried out. Thus, this study broadens the insights of sharia governance and highlights the importance of performance appraisal in zakat management organizations.
Is combatting money laundering an integrity issue? Insights from Nigeria
Authors: Umar Bello
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study aims to determine how integrity influences money laundering combatting.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach using methodological triangulation was used to answer the question to describe and understand the phenomena from the participants’ perspective. Data was gathered with a semi-structured questionnaire, observation and field notes.

Findings

Analysis revealed that 93% of law enforcement investigators believe integrity is required to combat money laundering. They also observed that integrity is needed for the political environment, institutions and their personnel or officers.

Practical implications

There is a need for integrity in the economy’s public and private sectors to combat money laundering effectively. Integrity must be present in the political environment, institutions and personnel. Hence, a recommendation is to appoint chief integrity officers in all stakeholder organisations.

Originality/value

This study is among the few research that covers the area of integrity and its influence on combatting money laundering from law enforcement investigators’ perspective.
Suppliers' GHG mitigation strategies (Scope 3): the case of a steelmaking company
Authors: Fagundes Alves Marino Yago , Marques Vieira Luciana , Beal Partyka Raul
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The emission of greenhouse gases has become an increasingly relevant topic in supply chain management. The steel industry is a highly intensive manufacturing industry with significant emission levels, particularly Scope 3 emissions, which are the indirect emissions from suppliers. Since a supply chain is seen as a non-mandatory measurement item within GHG measurement protocols, this article contributes to the literature on assessing the suppliers of a focal company relative to their emissions for complying with Scope 3 (indirect emissions). It adds to the evolving literature on low-carbon supply chains.

Design/methodology/approach

This study first conducted a survey with 110 suppliers from a focal transnational buyer company. A cluster analysis was performed, and ANOVA compared constructs relating to public or private ownership and country of origin. Finally, regression tested the relationship between the motivators and governance in the mitigation strategies.

Findings

Using cluster analysis, two groups of companies were found that have statistically significant differences. The influence of the country of origin was also found in relation to governance and mitigation strategies, as was the influence of the type of company on governance. Furthermore, the more motivated the suppliers and the more governance measures they adopt, the more companies adopt their own GHG mitigation strategies. These findings are summarized by way of an analytical framework that integrates the constructs with empirical evidence.

Originality/value

The steel industry is a sector that is particularly energy-intensive and produces millions of tons of CO2 per year. Emissions from its SC (Scope 3) are relevant but still seen as a non-mandatory item for measurement purposes within the GHG measurement protocols, which leads to less attention being paid to the subject. This study contributes by way of its analytical framework that is validated by empirical data that can be tested in further studies.
Ethical leadership in physical therapy: a developing construct that demands consideration
Authors: Griech Sean F. , Carp Stephen , Davenport Todd E.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to introduce the Theory of Ethical Leadership as a possible means of actualizing the mission and vision statements of the American Physical Therapy Association as well as individual professional objectives. Specific examples of how this can be applied directly to the profession of physical therapy will be presented.

Design/methodology/approach

Leadership influences can profoundly affect a profession, an organization and an individual. This has led to exploring which leadership style would be most effective in moving their organization forward. Through a review of the literature, this viewpoint paper compares leadership theories present in the health-care literature, as well as why they may fall short of actualizing the mission and vision statements of the American Physical Therapy Association as well as individual professional objectives.

Findings

Most research has separated ethics from leadership, but all agree that to be successful, the leader needs to exhibit a strong moral compass and demonstrate positive ethical behavior. At the intersection of ethics and leadership is the emerging theory of ethical leadership. Ethical leadership is based on the premise that employees look outside of themselves for ethical guidance and that leaders have an opportunity to provide this moral awareness by making an ethical message sufficiently salient to be recognized in the organizational context as well as allowing the leader to stand out against an ethically neutral ground.

Originality/value

This paper is an original work and has not been published previously, either in whole or in part. Additionally, this paper is not under consideration for publication by any other journal.
Fabrication of continuous woven E-glass fiber composite using vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing process
Authors: Moharana Annada Prasad , Raj Ratnesh , Dixit Amit Rai
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The industrial application of continuous glass fabric-reinforced polymer composites (GFRPCs) is growing; however, the manufacturing boundedness of complex structures and the high cost of molds restrict their use. This research proposes a three-dimensional (3 D) printing process for GFRPCs that allows low-cost and rapid fabrication of complex composite parts.

Design/methodology/approach

The composite is manufactured using a digital light processing (DLP) based Vat-photopolymerization (VPP) process. For the composites, suitable resin material and glass fabrics are chosen based on their strength, stiffness, and printability. Jacob's working curve characterizes the curing parameters for adequate adhesion between the matrix and fabrics. The tensile and flexural properties were examined using UTM. The fabric distribution and compactness of the cured resin were analyzed in scanning electron microscopy.

Findings

The result showed that the object could print at a glass fabric content of 40 volume%. In DLP-based VPP printing technology, the adequate exposure time was found to be 30 seconds for making a GFRPC. The tensile strength and Young's modulus values were increased by 5.54 and 8.81 times, respectively than non-reinforced cured specimens. The flexural strength and modulus were also effectively increased to 2.8 and 3 times more than the neat specimens. In addition, the process is found to help fabricate the functional component.

Originality/value

The experimental procedure to fabricate GFRPC specimens through DLP-based AM is a spectacular experimental approach.
Blockchain-based digital twin data provenance for predictive asset management in building facilities
Authors: Tavakoli Peiman , Yitmen Ibrahim , Sadri Habib , Taheri Afshin
Published: November 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to focus on structured data provision and asset information model maintenance and develop a data provenance model on a blockchain-based digital twin smart and sustainable built environment (DT) for predictive asset management (PAM) in building facilities.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative research data were collected through a comprehensive scoping review of secondary sources. Additionally, primary data were gathered through interviews with industry specialists. The analysis of the data served as the basis for developing blockchain-based DT data provenance models and scenarios. A case study involving a conference room in an office building in Stockholm was conducted to assess the proposed data provenance model. The implementation utilized the Remix Ethereum platform and Sepolia testnet.

Findings

Based on the analysis of results, a data provenance model on blockchain-based DT which ensures the reliability and trustworthiness of data used in PAM processes was developed. This was achieved by providing a transparent and immutable record of data origin, ownership and lineage.

Practical implications

The proposed model enables decentralized applications (DApps) to publish real-time data obtained from dynamic operations and maintenance processes, enhancing the reliability and effectiveness of data for PAM.

Originality/value

The research presents a data provenance model on a blockchain-based DT, specifically tailored to PAM in building facilities. The proposed model enhances decision-making processes related to PAM by ensuring data reliability and trustworthiness and providing valuable insights for specialists and stakeholders interested in the application of blockchain technology in asset management and data provenance.
A sense of urgency as a driver of individual kaizen performance: moderating role of organizational culture
Authors: Nguyen Hao Anh , Yokozawa Kodo , Suárez-Barraza Manuel F.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

During crises, notably the recent COVID-19 pandemic, a heightened sense of urgency has manifested as a catalyst for improvement within organizations. The present study aims to explore the influence of a sense of urgency on individual kaizen performance. Additionally, the study delves into the potential moderating roles of organizational culture in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data samples include 481 employees who are working at Japanese manufacturing companies. SPSS software is used for data analysis, comprising measurement test, correlation and regression analysis.

Findings

A sense of urgency was found to predict a higher number of accepted suggestions. Moreover, there is a significant and positive interaction effect of adhocracy culture and a sense of urgency on writing and submitting ideas.

Originality/value

As an initial study that empirically tests the relationship between a sense of urgency and individual kaizen performance, this paper contributes to the literature on kaizen, change management and innovation. It also corroborates previous research on the Person-Organization fit framework.
Springing forward: Migrating songbirds catch up with the start of spring in North America
Authors: Nemes Claire E. , Marra Peter P. , Zenzal Theodore J. , Collins Samantha A. , Dossman Bryant C. , Gerson Alexander R. , Gómez Camila , González Ana M. , Gutierrez Ramirez Mariamar , Hamer Sarah A. , Marty Joseph , Vasseur Phillip L. , Cohen Emily B.
Published: November 2023

In temperate regions, the annual pattern of spring onset can be envisioned as a ‘green wave’ of emerging vegetation that moves across continents from low to high latitudes, signifying increasing food availability for consumers.

Many herbivorous migrants ‘surf’ such resource waves, timing their movements to exploit peak vegetation resources in early spring. Although less well studied at the individual level, secondary consumers such as insectivorous songbirds can track vegetation phenology during migration as well.

We hypothesized that four species of ground‐foraging songbirds in eastern North America—two warblers and two thrushes—time their spring migrations to coincide with later phases of vegetation phenology, corresponding to increased arthropod prey, and predicted they would match their migration rate to the green wave but trail behind it rather than surfing its leading edge.

We further hypothesized that the rate at which spring onset progresses across the continent influences bird migration rates, such that individuals adjust migration timing within North America to phenological conditions they experience en route.

To test our hypotheses, we used a continent‐wide automated radio telemetry network to track individual songbirds on spring migration between the U.S. Gulf Coast region and northern locations closer to their breeding grounds.

We measured vegetation phenology using two metrics of spring onset, the spring index first leaf date and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), then calculated the rate and timing of spring onset relative to bird detections.

All individuals arrived in the southeastern United States well after local spring onset. Counter to our expectations, we found that songbirds exhibited a ‘catching up’ pattern: Individuals migrated faster than the green wave of spring onset, effectively closing in on the start of spring as they approached breeding areas.

While surfing of resource waves is a well‐documented migration strategy for herbivorous waterfowl and ungulates, individual songbirds in our study migrated faster than the green wave and increasingly caught up to its leading edge en route.

Consequently, songbirds experience a range of vegetation phenophases while migrating through North America, suggesting flexibility in their capacity to exploit variable resources in spring.
Gunshot detection technology effect on gun violence in Kansas City, Missouri: A microsynthetic control evaluation
Authors: Piza Eric L. , Hatten David N. , Mohler George O. , Carter Jeremy G. , Cho Jisoo
Published: November 2023

Research Summary

We apply the microsynthetic control method to evaluate the gun violence prevention effect of gunshot detection technology (GDT) in Kansas City, MO. We measure the influence of GDT on process measures (ballistic evidence collection and gun recoveries) and outcome measures (shots fired calls for service, non‐fatal shootings, fatal shootings, and aggravated assaults and robberies committed with a firearm). The GDT system was associated with higher levels of ballistic evidence collection in the GDT target area and surrounding catchment area, higher levels of gun recoveries in the surrounding catchment area, and lower levels of shots fired calls for service in the GDT target area. The GDT system did not influence any of the gun violence categories involving confirmed victims (non‐fatal shootings, fatal shootings, and aggravated assaults and robberies committed with a firearm).

Policy Implications

Agencies that highly prioritize increasing evidence collection and reducing unauthorized firearm discharges may consider dedicating necessary resources to acquire GDT. Agencies that prioritize the reduction of gun violence victimization, however, should consider whether resources are better used for solutions other than GDT. Moving forward, violence prevention scholars should strive to identify contextual factors that facilitate or mitigate the GDT system effect, in an attempt to better understand how to deploy GDT in a manner that maximizes the likelihood of success. This would provide additional guidance to public safety agencies looking to maximize return on investment. Continued adoption of GDT should perhaps be contingent upon the development of such research, given the high cost of the technology.
On guard but not sworn: The relationship between school security guards, school resource officers, and student behavior, discipline, and arrests
Authors: Vernon Keenen , Curran F. Chris
Published: November 2023

Research Summary

The increasing presence of armed security personnel in schools has led to concerns about the criminalization of students. While many schools use sworn law enforcement (e.g. school resource officers or SROs), many schools also use security guards who are not sworn law enforcement. Recent policy changes in a number of states and political pressures resulting from acts of mass school violence have led policymakers to face decisions between the use of SROs and security guards. This study informs this policy debate by empirically examining the relationships between security guards and SROs with rates of student behavior, discipline, and arrest using nationally representative data from the Civil Rights Data Collection. Controlling for observable covariates and school district fixed effects, we find that, in contrast to SROs, the use of security guards in schools is not systematically related to student arrest or suspension rates. The findings suggest that non‐sworn security guards may provide a form of security personnel that minimizes the criminalization of students relative to SROs.

Policy Implications

As school districts nationwide grapple with how to respond to school shootings and other acts of school violence, policymakers have frequently turned to the use of school security personnel, including SROs and security guards, as a response. Doing so, however, has been contentious given concerns about the overcriminalization of students. This study provides evidence to inform these policy debates by demonstrating the relationships between security guards and SROs and a number of outcomes. The results suggest that the use of security guards as a policy response may minimize arrests and exclusionary discipline relative to the use of SROs.
Antibiotic resistances of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in urine cultures: experience in a hospital of Southeast Spain
Authors: Requena‐Cabello Horacio , Rodríguez‐Guerrero Enrique , Expósito‐Ruiz Manuela , Navarro‐Marí José María , Gutierrez‐Fernandez Jose
Published: November 2023

The objectives of this study were to perform a systematic review of publications between 2010 and 2021 on the antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from urinary tract infections and to analyze changes over time in hospital urine cultures from 2016 through 2021. The literature was searched, and a retrospective cross‐sectional descriptive study was performed in the hospital. Out of 21 838 positive urine cultures, 3.86% were due to P. aeruginosa and 0.44% were due to A. baumannii. For P. aeruginosa, lower resistance rates were observed to virtually all tested antibiotics than were obtained in the systematic review, and the present series of hospital samples showed an in vitro resistance rate <10% to ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin‐tazobactam, amikacin, tobramycin, and colistin. For A. baumannii, the resistance rates to almost all antibiotics were higher in the present series than in the systematic review, being lowest to colistin (10%). Both microorganisms show reduced in vitro susceptibility to some antibiotics during the years of the COVID‐19 pandemic in comparison to previous years. In our setting, both piperacillin‐tazobactam and meropenem can be recommended for the empirical treatment of UTIs by P. aeruginosa, whereas only colistin can be recommended for UTIs by A. baumannii.
Scale dependency of community assembly differs between coastal marine bacteria and fungi
Authors: Xu Yuan , Chen Xinyi , Graco‐Roza Caio , Soininen Janne
Published: November 2023

It is often assumed that community assembly processes, i.e. deterministic or stochastic factors determining the structure of communities, vary with spatial scale. However, evidence showing such scale‐dependency is challenging to gather, especially in microbial communities.

Here we studied the relative importance of potential community assembly processes of bacterial and fungal communities across the coastline of China. We used null models based on phylogenetic and compositional turnover to quantify the relative importance of the processes at three spatial scales (local, regional and subcontinental). We used a generalized multinomial logistic regression to estimate the probability of observing the different assembly processes along environmental and spatial gradients. We found that, overall, deterministic processes are stronger in driving the assembly of bacterial communities compared to fungal communities, especially at the local scale. Moreover, the assembly processes in bacterial communities exhibit clear scale‐dependency, with homogeneous selection being the dominant process at the local scale, and dispersal limitation dominating at regional and subcontinental scales. Conversely, drift is consistently the dominant driver of fungal community assembly across all spatial scales. Our findings demonstrate scale‐dependency in community assembly processes between two marine microbial groups, and highlight the importance of adopting a multi‐scale approach to gain insights into the complex and dynamic spatial patterns of microbial communities.
Cmah deficiency blunts cellular senescence in adipose tissues and improves whole‐body glucose metabolism in aged mice
Authors: Takeda Reo , Tabuchi Ayaka , Nonaka Yudai , Kano Ryotaro , Sudo Mizuki , Kano Yutaka , Hoshino Daisuke
Published: November 2023

Aim

Cytidine monophosphate‐N‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) hydroxylase (Cmah) is an enzyme, which converts Neu5Ac to the sialic acid Neu5Gc. Neu5Gc is thought to increase inflammatory cytokines, which are, in part, produced in senescent cells of adipose tissues. Cellular senescence in adipose tissues induces whole‐body aging and impaired glucose metabolism. Therefore, we hypothesized that Cmah deficiency would prevent cellular senescence in adipose tissues and impaired glucose metabolism.

Methods

Wild‐type (WT) and Cmah knockout (KO) mice aged 24–25 months were used. Whole‐body metabolism was assessed using a metabolic gas analysis system. We measured blood glucose and insulin concentrations after oral glucose administration. The size of the lipid droplets in the liver was quantified. Markers of cellular senescence and senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes were measured in adipose tissues.

Results

Cmah KO had significantly increased VO2 and energy expenditure (P < 0.01). Unlike glucose, the insulin concentration after oral glucose administration was significantly lower in the Cmah KO group than in the WT group (P < 0.001). Lipid droplets in the liver were significantly lower in the Cmah KO group than in the WT group (P < 0.05). The markers of cellular senescence and senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes in the adipose tissues were significantly lower in the Cmah KO group than in the WT group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Cmah deficiency blunted cellular senescence in adipose tissues and improved whole‐body glucose metabolism. These characteristics in aged Cmah KO mice might be associated with higher energy expenditure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 958–964.
Qualitative study exploring general dental practitioners' views of MIH and its management in the UK and Australia
Authors: Osborne Rachel , Silva Mihiri , Taylor Greig D.
Published: November 2023

Background

Molar–incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a prevalent condition, and how it is managed varies greatly between professional groups.

Aim

To explore, and compare, the UK and Australian general dental practitioners' management of MIH in children.

Design

Face‐to‐face (remote) semistructured interviews were undertaken, using country‐specific topic guides. Participants were purposively sampled and recruited through national conferences and research networks (eviDent Foundation and Northern Dental Practice Based Research Network). Interviews (from each country) were audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and independently analysed using thematic analysis.

Results

Two major themes arose from the UK interviews: (i) decision‐making complexities and understanding of treatment options and (ii) need for specialist input. The main Australian themes were (i) multidisciplinary approach to management supporting decision‐making complexities and (ii) economic implications for care. Several difficulties, such as financial implications, multidisciplinary care and clinical decision‐making, were identified as barriers to effectively managing MIH by GDPs in primary care.

Conclusion

There are similarities and differences in the knowledge and management of MIH amongst UK and Australian nonspecialists. The different healthcare systems played a significant role in shaping how GDPs manage MIH with barriers relating to affordability, multidisciplinary care and clinical decision‐making.
Utilizing the visual analogue scale (VAS) to monitor and manage pain in post‐operative skin wounds after thoracic surgery
Authors: Qu Mingyue , Zhao Jialai , Zhang Yiling , Xu Zigeng , Ma Chenguang , Cui Hanwen
Published: November 2023

Due to the global increase in thoracic interventions, there is greater emphasis on refining post‐operative care. The purpose of this study was to validate the visual analogue scale (VAS) as the valid method for measuring post‐operative pain in thoracic surgery patients. From January 2020 to June 2022, this cross‐sectional study investigated 240 adult patients who underwent elective thoracic surgeries in Thoracic Surgery Department of Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital. The participants were instructed to rate their discomfort using VAS at predetermined intervals after surgery. The following demographic and clinical information was recorded: age, gender, type of thoracic surgery, and history of chronic pain. Results showed a progressive decline in post‐operative VAS scores over 72 h: 8.2 immediately after surgery, 6.0 at 24 h, 5.4 at 48 h, and 3.6 by 72 h. There were notable correlations between VAS scores and chronic pain history, with moderately positive correlation of 0.40 being observed. Mean scores for males and females were 3.8 and 3.9, respectively. The analysis by age revealed comparable mean scores for age categories below and above 40. With the exception of thoracic wall resection, which resulted in an average VAS score of 4.1 ± 1.0 (p < 0.05), the type of surgery had the minimal effect on variability of pain scores. The VAS is a reliable method for evaluating post‐thoracic surgery discomfort. Given the substantial impact of pain history on VAS scores, there is an urgent need for personalized pain management strategies to improve post‐operative care.
Shapely additive values can effectively visualize pertinent covariates in machine learning when predicting hypertension
Authors: Huang Alexander A. , Huang Samuel Y.
Published: November 2023

Machine learning methods are widely used within the medical field to enhance prediction. However, little is known about the reliability and efficacy of these models to predict long‐term medical outcomes such as blood pressure using lifestyle factors, such as diet. The authors assessed whether machine‐learning techniques could accurately predict hypertension risk using nutritional information. A cross‐sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between January 2017 and March 2020. XGBoost was used as the machine‐learning model of choice in this study due to its increased performance relative to other common methods within medical studies. Model prediction metrics (e.g., AUROC, Balanced Accuracy) were used to measure overall model efficacy, covariate Gain statistics (percentage each covariate contributes to the overall prediction) and SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP, method to visualize each covariate) were used to provide explanations to machine‐learning output and increase the transparency of this otherwise cryptic method. Of a total of 9650 eligible patients, the mean age was 41.02 (SD = 22.16), 4792 (50%) males, 4858 (50%) female, 3407 (35%) White patients, 2567 (27%) Black patients, 2108 (22%) Hispanic patients, and 981 (10%) Asian patients. From evaluation of model gain statistics, age was found to be the single strongest predictor of hypertension, with a gain of 53.1%. Additionally, demographic factors such as poverty and Black race were also strong predictors of hypertension, with gain of 4.33% and 4.18%, respectively. Nutritional Covariates contributed 37% to the overall prediction: Sodium, Caffeine, Potassium, and Alcohol intake being significantly represented within the model. Machine Learning can be used to predict hypertension.
Cognitive function and ability to complete a web‐based geriatric assessment among older adults with cancer
Authors: Hoffmann Alexxandra J. , Tin Amy L. , Vickers Andrew J. , Shahrokni Armin
Published: November 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was determined whether cognitive impairment is associated with time taken to complete the electronic rapid fitness assessment (eRFA). We hypothesized that taking more time to complete the eRFA will indicate worsened cognitive function.

Methods

We retrospectively identified patients who presented to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Geriatrics Service for preoperative evaluation and completed the eRFA as a part of their preoperative assessment from February 2015 to December 2020. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Cog©, which is a screening test for cognitive function status. Patients in this study underwent elective surgery and had a hospital length of stay ≥1 day. Time to complete the eRFA was automatically recorded by a web‐based tool; assistance with eRFA completion was self‐reported by the patient. In total, 2599 patients were included, of which 2387 had available Mini‐Cog© scores.

Results

Overall, 50% of surveys were completed without assistance, 37% were completed with assistance, and 13% were completed by somebody else; Mini‐Cog© scores were lower, corresponding to worsened cognitive function status, in patients requiring assistance (median score respectively, 5 vs. 4 vs. 3; p‐value <0.0001; rates of cognitive impairment 7.5%, 22%, and 38%). Among patients who completed the questionnaire independently, greater cognitive impairment was associated with longer time to complete the eRFA (change in score per 5 min = −0.09; 95% CI −0.14, −0.03; p = 0.002).

Conclusions

We found evidence that requirement for assistance in completing web‐based questionnaires, and time taken to complete a questionnaire, predict which patients benefit from more comprehensive cognitive function assessments. Future studies should further validate this finding in a more diverse population and establish optimal clinical pathways.
OsNAC5 orchestrates OsABI5 to fine‐tune cold tolerance in rice
Authors: Li Ruiqing , Song Yue , Wang Xueqiang , Zheng Chenfan , Liu Bo , Zhang Huali , Ke Jian , Wu Xuejing , Wu Liquan , Yang Ruifang , Jiang Meng
Published: November 2023

Due to its tropical origins, rice (Oryza sativa) is susceptible to cold stress, which poses severe threats to production. OsNAC5, a NAC‐type transcription factor, participates in the cold stress response of rice, but the detailed mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that OsNAC5 positively regulates cold tolerance at germination and in seedlings by directly activating the expression of ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 (OsABI5). Haplotype analysis indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms in a NAC‐binding site in the OsABI5 promoter are strongly associated with cold tolerance. OsNAC5 also enhanced OsABI5 stability, thus regulating the expression of cold‐responsive (COR) genes, enabling fine‐tuned control of OsABI5 action for rapid, precise plant responses to cold stress. DNA affinity purification sequencing coupled with transcriptome deep sequencing identified several OsABI5 target genes involved in COR expression, including DEHYDRATION‐RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 1A (OsDREB1A), OsMYB20, and PEROXIDASE 70 (OsPRX70). In vivo and in vitro analyses suggested that OsABI5 positively regulates COR gene transcription, with marked COR upregulation in OsNAC5‐overexpressing lines and downregulation in osnac5 and/or osabi5 knockout mutants. This study extends our understanding of cold tolerance regulation via OsNAC5 through the OsABI5‐CORs transcription module, which may be used to ameliorate cold tolerance in rice via advanced breeding.
Bayesian backcalculation of pavement properties using parallel transitional Markov chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Coletti Keaton , Romeo Ryan C. , Davis R. Benjamin
Published: November 2023

This paper presents a novel Bayesian method for backcalculation of pavement dynamic modulus, stiffness, thickness, and damping using falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data. The backcalculation procedure yields estimates and uncertainties for each pavement property of interest. As a by‐product of the Bayesian procedure, information about measurement error is recovered. The Bayesian method is tested on simulated FWD backcalculations and compared with a state‐of‐the‐art trust‐region optimization algorithm, and it achieves estimation errors that are nearly an order of magnitude lower than the trust‐region solver. Confidence intervals are computed from thousands of simulated backcalculations and are shown to quantify uncertainty in estimated pavement properties. To cope with the computational expense of backcalculation, a fully parallel transitional Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure is developed. The fully parallel algorithm scales well to computation with many processor cores, and it yields up to a 50% reduction in computation time when compared to existing parallel implementations.
Educated workers and firms' exporting behavior: The case of China
Authors: Che Yi , Lv Jinqiu , Zhang Yan
Published: November 2023

This article investigates the effect of China's college expansion policy on firms' exporting behavior. Taking advantage of this policy‐induced exogenous surge in skilled labor starting in 2002, our difference‐in‐differences estimates indicate that firms in more human‐capital‐intensive industries have been able to export more since 2002. We further show that this result is robust to a battery of sensitivity tests and controlling for other contemporaneous changes in economic environment. Turning to channels, we find that after 2002, the affected firms experienced greater improvements in product quality and exported relatively more to richer countries.
Evaluation of an online suicide prevention campaign targeting men
Authors: Stas Pauline , De Jaegere Eva , van Heeringen Kees , Ballon Anne , Portzky Gwendolyn
Published: November 2023

Background

Men are at elevated risk of suicide compared to women. Adherence to traditional norms of masculinity can interfere with potential protective factors such as openness to talk and seeking social support, which can contribute to the increased suicide risk. An online public health campaign was developed to improve mental health among men and tackle the stigma surrounding it. This study aimed at examining whether the online suicide prevention campaign targeting men increased openness to talk about emotions and help‐seeking behavior and decreased hopelessness and adherence to traditional gender norms concerning self‐reliance.

Method

250 men (18+) from Flanders (Belgium) were recruited online and given access to the campaign website for a period of 3 days. Before and after viewing the campaign website, participants were asked to complete an online survey.

Results

Viewing the campaign was associated with a small increase in help‐seeking intention when experiencing suicidal thoughts. Among men who reported mental health problems, a small increase in openness to communicating and expressing emotions was found after viewing the campaign. In general, participants evaluated the campaign positively.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the potential beneficial impact of an online prevention campaign specifically targeting men on health behaviors that may protect against suicidal behavior.
Factores generadores en la construcción de identidad docente en ciencias de la salud
Authors: Bohórquez-Góngora Francisco Fernando , Valdéz-Fernández Adriana Lucía , Guevara-Agredo Andrea
Published: November 2023

El concepto de profesor universitario en el área de la salud constituye un campo de indagación poco explorado, lo que dificulta la orientación y formación docente.Esta investigación buscó identificar los factores generadores que construyen la identidad de 29 profesores en cuatro programas de una facultad del área de la salud.El estudio se desarrolló bajo una metodología cualitativa, con enfoque hermenéutico y análisis desde la teoría fundamentada. Se encontró que la identidad es construida desde la oportunidad de ser docentes, facilitando la experiencia, apoyando la vocación y la transformación del sujeto, quien configura como factor generador la motivación por dicho rol.
Impacto del COVID-19 en la gestión de escuelas rurales de Chile
Authors: Alarcón-Leiva Jorge Alberto , Gotelli-Alvial Catalina Sofía , Ortiz-Morán Guillermo Patricio
Published: November 2023

El artículo de investigación examina escuelas de un municipio rural chileno, caracterizado por su baja tasa de escolaridad y empleo, y por su aislamiento físico. El objetivo es comprender el impacto del COVID-19 en la gestión directiva, pedagógica y de vinculación con el medio social. Se utiliza una técnica de encuesta. Se concluye que, junto con las esperables consecuencias en el ámbito del uso de tecnología, la gestión educativa pone en evidencia la falta de competencias y atribuciones territorialmente distribuidas para hacer efectivo el derecho a la educación de sus estudiantes.
Identidad matemática y transición a la educación superior en contextos virtuales
Authors: Reyes-Reyes Cristian Giovanni , Valoyes-Chávez Luz Edith , Fuenzalida-Diaz Nicole , Cárdenas-Aliste Leopoldo Andrés
Published: November 2023

El estudio de corte narrativo analiza las experiencias matemáticas de cuatro estudiantes de ingeniería que inician sus estudios universitarios durante el confinamiento por la pandemia de COVID-19. Las nociones de trabajo identitario e identidad matemática permiten examinar los procesos de reconstrucción identitaria de los estudiantes en contextos virtuales de enseñanza. Los resultados muestran que el trabajo identitario está estrechamente vinculado a la naturaleza de la actividad matemática y el contexto en el cual ocurre. El tránsito a la educación matemática universitaria en entornos virtuales representa una oportunidad para reconstruir positivamente las identidades matemáticas y las elecciones profesionales de los estudiantes.
Percepciones sobre la virtualidad de universitarios colombianos durante la pandemia
Authors: Cárdenas-Ortiz Luis Carlos , Nieto-Mendoza Isaac Clemente , Nieto-Ortiz Dolores Clementina
Published: November 2023

La educación a nivel mundial estuvo exigida por el virus SARS CoV-2 a modificar las prácticas de enseñanza-aprendizaje, viéndose afectado considerablemente, entre otros, el entorno colombiano. Esta investigación se centra en analizar las percepciones de una licenciatura de la universidad pública de la ciudad de Barranquilla (Atlántico), con relación a la disponibilidad tecnológica, la alfabetización y la apropiación de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación. Siguiendo una metodología de carácter descriptivo, se evidenciaron brechas digitales, especialmente en lo que respecta a la disponibilidad de servicio al internet y el desconocimiento del estudiantado sobre plataformas educativas.