bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation process of thermal damage in a target area of high intensity focused ultrasound and effectiveness analysis of B-ultrasound real-time monitoring
Authors: Zhao Peng , Wang Yuebing , Wu Yanqi , Hu Xiaoye , Shen Hong , Tong Shiqi , Tao Jie
Published: September 2022

High intensity of focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an effective tumor therapy, taking advantage of the thermal effect and cavitation effect to generate thermal damage to the target tissue. However, inaccurate ultrasonic dose control may result in ineffective or excessive treatment. Thus, real-time monitoring of the thermal damage formation process is critical. To evaluate the effectiveness of real-time monitoring of B-ultrasound, ex-vivo bovine livers were irradiated by 1.155 MHz focused ultrasound with emission time T1 of 200 ms and interval time T2 of 200 ms. For orthogonal experiments, ultrasound was irradiated at sound power of 100 W, 125 W, and 150 W for 10 s, 20 s, and 40 s, respectively. B-ultrasound image sequences are collected using a 7.5 MHz linear array and compared with backscattered echo signals and thermal damage slices, respectively, to build relationships between B-mode ultrasound monitoring and thermal effect or cavitation effect. The experimental results demonstrated that the tissue ablation process caused by thermal effect cannot be effectively monitored using B-ultrasound, but the process caused by the cavitation effect can. The analysis revealed a strong temporal correlation between the appearance of bright spots in B-ultrasound images and the sudden increase of the scattered echo power spectrum, which were caused by a large number of micro-bubbles from cavitation. The damaged cavity structure of the slices and the development trend of micro-bubbles showed a strong spatial correlation. Furthermore, the sudden increase in the scattered echo signal shows the potential of early warning of cavitation, as it is 1.2–2.0 s ahead of the bright spot in the B-ultrasound image, laying the experimental basis for improving the effectiveness of B-ultrasound monitoring in clinical HIFU surgery.
Quelques observations phraseologiques sur la co-construction des savoirs dans le discours scientifique oral en français
Authors: Lee Chaeyoung
Published: September 2022

Cet article présente une de nos observations préliminaires sur la phraséologie dans le discours scientifique oral en français, notamment en relation avec le thème des « savoirs ». Malgré un intérêt pour le domaine, le registre oral du discours scientifique en français reste relativement peu découvert. Dans cette étude, nous avançons l’hypothèse que la particularité de l’environnement discursif oral influence la manière dont les locuteurs co-construisent des savoirs avec leur auditoire dans une communication scientifique orale. Nos résultats montrent que la co-construction des savoirs dans le discours scientifique oral se réalise par l’appel à l’attention des interlocuteurs sur certains éléments, par l’appui sur des connaissances déjà partagées au sein de la communauté scientifique et par la structuration discursive.
Osteopathie bei männlicher
Infertilität
Authors: Biberschick Michael
Published: September 2022

Immer häufiger suchen Paare mit unerfülltem Kinderwunsch Hilfe
und Unterstützung durch Osteopathie. Waren es früher vorwiegend
Frauen, die sich wegen Fertilitätsproblemen behandeln ließen,
sind es in der Zwischenzeit auch zunehmend mehr Männer, die von
Infertilität betroffen sind und sich zusätzliche Hilfe durch die
Osteopathie erhoffen. Dies auch vor dem Hintergrund, dass, aktuellen
Schätzungen zufolge, in bis zu 50% aller Fälle von
Paaren mit nicht erfülltem Kinderwunsch die Ursache beim Mann zu suchen
ist. Für die osteopathische Behandlung betroffener Männer ist es
essenziell, sich genauestens mit der Anatomie und Physiologie des
männlichen Reproduktionstrakts und mit den möglichen Ursachen
für die Infertilität auseinanderzusetzen.
Identification and Screening of Novel Anti-Cancer Compounds for
Aurora Kinase-A from Chemical Database
Authors: Singh Ipsa A. , Lokhande Kiran Bharat , Swamy K. Venkateswara
Published: September 2022

Aurora kinase is a group of enzymes that belongs to a serine-threonine family and
plays a critical role in cellular division. Aurora Kinase A is overexpressed and
distributed beyond the nucleus and is involved in tumorigenesis. Flavones are a
class of flavonoids that are present in plants that show anticancer activity.
Similar compounds of 2’Fluoroflavones are retrieved from the PubChem
database. Then drug-like filters viz. REOS and PAINS were applied to remove
toxic compounds using Canvas software, resulting in 3882 compounds being
subjected to Glide docking with Aurora kinase A. The lead compounds were
selected on the merit of hydrogen bonding, salt bridge, as well as pi-pi
interactions, 4-(6-Fluoro-4-oxychromen-2yl) benzoic acid, has been found one of
the best molecules from docking studies. The binding mode of the lead compound
with AURKA reveals that the amino acid residues viz, Lys162, Ala213, and His280
are more important for binding with the binding affinity of
-11.760 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamics simulations of
100 ns were done, which shows the mean RMSD value of
1.77 Å for all 3 complexes of the protein and Fluoroflavone and
its analogs. This shows that Fluoroflavone and its 2 best analogs are tightly
attached to the active sites and thus have conformational stability. Our finding
suggests that 4-(6-fluoro-4-oxochromen-2-yl)benzoic acid and
4-(4-Oxochromen-2-yl)benzoate can be further used in vitro and in
vivo experiments and can probably serve as a novel drug for cancer
treatment.
Resilienz statt Resignation
Authors: Holtschmidt Ilona
Published: September 2022

„Krise ist ein produktiver Zustand. Man muss ihr nur den Beigeschmack der Katastrophe nehmen.“ Dieses Zitat von Max Frisch ist ohne Weiteres übertragbar auf das Thema Resilienz. Denn: In Krisen gibt es Menschen, die resignieren, und solche, die resilient sind und sie als Chance sehen. Das Gute vornweg: Resilient sein kann man lernen.
Pflege aktiv unattraktiv
Authors: Bechtel Peter
Published: September 2022

Die Krankenpflege ist in den Schlagzeilen sehr präsent – leider nicht gerade mit „good news“. Die Frage ist: Wie bzw. mit welchen Aktionen sollen wir als Profession andere Menschen für diesen Beruf begeistern, wenn der Pflege regelmäßig die Luft ausgeht oder sie am Boden liegt? Ein Kommentar zur Attraktivität einer Berufsgruppe.
Herstellung einer Hybrid-GNE-Apparatur
Authors: Jung Britta
Published: September 2022

Die chirurgisch unterstützte Gaumennahterweiterung (SARME) ist eine
Kombinationstherapie aus einer forcierten Gaumennahterweiterung mittels
Hyrax-Apparatur und einer operativen Schwächung des
zygomaticomaxillären Bereichs. Häufig wird das Verfahren im Rahmen
der Erwachsenenbehandlung auch mit sogenannten Hybrid-Apparaturen zur transversalen
Nachentwicklung kombiniert.
Kieferorthopädie als Fachdisziplin im Zentrum für
Seltene Erkrankungen
Authors: Kruse Teresa , Braumann Bert
Published: September 2022

In diesem Artikel wird beispielhaft die Betreuung von Patientinnen und Patienten
mit Lippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten und Robin Sequenz von der pränatalen
Diagnostik bis zum Wachstumsabschluss beschrieben. Das
kieferorthopädische Behandlungsmanagement bei Betroffenen mit oro- und
kraniofazialen Fehlbildungen ist komplex, zeitintensiv und erfordert eine
interdisziplinäre Koordination. Vernetzte Zentrumsstrukturen bieten eine
bestmögliche interdisziplinäre Expertise bei diesen seltenen
Erkrankungen. Ziel und Aufbau dieser spezialisierten Zentren sollen hier
erläutert werden. Unter anderem sollten sie niederschwellig als
Ansprechpartner zur Verfügung stehen und niedergelassene
Kieferorthopädinnen und Kieferorthopäden in Therapieplanung,
Timing und Trouble-Shooting unterstützen. Das Grundverständnis
der häufigsten oro- und kraniofazialen Anomalien und die Kenntnis
über frühe Behandlungsschritte wie der Versorgung mit einer
Gaumenplatte oder Spornplatte sind für kieferorthopädisch
Behandelnde wichtig. Denn nur so kann eine sichere, effektive Therapie und eine
stabile ästhetische und funktionelle Rehabilitation
gewährleistet werden. Funktionelle Beeinträchtigungen sowie
skelettale und dentale Anomalien erfordern bei dieser Patientengruppe eine
vorausschauende kieferorthopädische Planung. Eventuell notwendige
chirurgische Eingriffe müssen im Ablauf mit bedacht und
Therapieentscheidungen immer mit dem Ziel getroffen werden, die Behandlung
möglichst effektiv zu gestalten.
Wenn der Weg das Ziel ist
Authors: Wuzel Elena , Dienst Sebastian , Maucher Helene
Published: September 2022

Seit vielen Jahren wird hierzulande darüber diskutiert, ob das amerikanische Magnet®-Konzept auch ins deutsche Gesundheitswesen übertragen werden kann. Unsere Autoren sind sich dessen sicher und auf einem guten Weg Richtung Zertifizierung.
Development and Evaluation of Topical Ethosomal Gel for Fungal Infections
Authors: Gupta Preeti , Hafeez Abdul , Kushwaha Poonam
Published: September 2022

Background Fungal infections are one of the most common dermatological issues worldwide. Candida species-caused fungal infections are frequent on the cutaneous surface. Eberconazole (EBZ) has the strongest antifungal action against Candida spp., the major source of fungal infections.

Method In the present study, the cold method followed by probe sonication was used to create EBZ-loaded ethosomal dispersion. The solubility of ethosomes in different lipids and surfactants was used to choose these components. Under magnetic stirring, the dispersion was absorbed into a carbopol 934 gel. In vitro antifungal activity was performed using the Agar well diffusion method, and their topical effectiveness against pathogenic Candida albicans was compared to that of a marketed formulation containing EBZ.

Results Eberconazol incorporated into gel displayed sustained release in an in vitro release assay. Based on the zone of inhibition diameters, EBZ formulation was determined to be efficient against C. albicans when compared to the commercialized cream and plain gel.

Conclusion Based on these findings, the current study found that EBZ possesses significant antifungal efficacy against C. albicans.
TARS2 Variants Cause Combination Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency-21: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Gao Xin , Xin Guoyan , Tu Ya , Liang Xiaoping , Yang Huimin , Meng Hong , Wang Yumin
Published: September 2022

Objective The aim of the study is to explore the clinical and genetic characteristics of the combined oxidative phosphorylation defect type 21 (COXPD21) caused by the TARS2 compound heterozygous pathogenic variants, and to improve clinicians' awareness of the disease.

Methods The proband was a girl of first birth, with repeated refractory hypokalemia, hearing impairment, developmental delay, intellectual disability, developmental retardation after infection, high limb muscle tension, and increased serum lactate as the clinical phenotype. The clinical performance, diagnosis, treatment process, and gene characteristics of COXPD21 caused by TARS2 of the case were analyzed, reviewed, and compared with the literature from the CNKI, Wanfang Data, and biomedical literature database (PubMed) until November 2021.

Results The child was diagnosed with COXPD21 after two heterozygous variants in the TARS2 gene were found via whole exome sequencing. One of the variants was c.1679(exon14) A > C (p.Asp560Ala) missense, derived from the mother, and the other was c.1036(exon10)C > T (p.Arg346Cys) missense, derived from the father. The literature was searched and reviewed with the keywords “mitochondrial encephalomyopathy,” “TARS2,” and “combination oxidative phosphorylation deficiency type 21.” A total of four complete domestic and foreign cases were collected from the literature search.

Conclusion COXPD21 onset by a complex heterozygous variant of TARS2 causes refractory hypokalemia, which is rarely reported in China and abroad.
3LGM2IHE: Requirements for Data-Protection-Compliant Research Infrastructures—A Systematic Comparison of Theory and Practice-Oriented Implementation
Authors: Gött Robert , Stäubert Sebastian , Strübing Alexander , Winter Alfred , Merzweiler Angela , Bergh Björn , Kaulke Knut , Bahls Thomas , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Bialke Martin
Published: September 2022

Objectives The TMF (Technology, Methods, and Infrastructure for Networked Medical Research) Data Protection Guide (TMF-DP) makes path-breaking recommendations on the subject of data protection in research projects. It includes comprehensive requirements for applications such as patient lists, pseudonymization services, and consent management services. Nevertheless, it lacks a structured, categorized list of requirements for simplified application in research projects and systematic evaluation. The 3LGM2IHE (“Three-layer Graphbased meta model – Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise [IHE] ” ) project is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). 3LGM2IHE aims to define modeling paradigms and implement modeling tools for planning health care information systems. In addition, one of the goals is to create and publish 3LGM2 information system architecture design patterns (short “design patterns”) for the community as design models in terms of a framework. A structured list of data protection-related requirements based on the TMF-DP is a precondition to integrate functions (3LGM2 Domain Layer) and building blocks (3LGM2 Logical Tool Layer) in 3LGM2 design patterns.

Methods In order to structure the continuous text of the TMF-DP, requirement types were defined in a first step. In a second step, dependencies and delineations of the definitions were identified. In a third step, the requirements from the TMF-DP were systematically extracted. Based on the identified lists of requirements, a fourth step included the comparison of the identified requirements with exemplary open source tools as provided by the “Independent Trusted Third Party of the University Medicine Greifswald” (TTP tools).

Results As a result, four lists of requirements were created, which contain requirements for the “patient list”, the “pseudonymization service”, and the “consent management”, as well as cross-component requirements from the TMF-DP chapter 6 in a structured form. Further to requirements (1), possible variants (2) of implementations (to fulfill a single requirement) and recommendations (3) were identified. A comparison of the requirements lists with the functional scopes of the open source tools E-PIX (record linkage), gPAS (pseudonym management), and gICS (consent management) has shown that these fulfill more than 80% of the requirements.

Conclusions A structured set of data protection-related requirements facilitates a systematic evaluation of implementations with respect to the fulfillment of the TMF-DP guidelines. These re-usable lists provide a decision aid for the selection of suitable tools for new research projects. As a result, these lists form the basis for the development of data protection-related 3LGM2 design patterns as part of the 3LGM2IHE project.
Isolated Intradural Prepontine Chordoma Presenting with Imaging Features of Epidermoid Cyst
Authors: Alijani Babak , Namin Ahmad Kheiri
Published: September 2022

Chordoma is an erratic aggressive tumor of the brain that typically involves the clivus. The majority of the clivus chordomas reside in the extradural space. Here, we report a unique case of chordoma arising from the prepontine intradural space without bony involvement and presenting with radiological features typical of an epidermoid cyst on magnetic resonance imaging.
Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation of the Gasserian Ganglion for Trigeminal Neuralgia using a Stereotactic Approach due to a Pterygoalar Bar
Authors: Monteiro Kalínio de Kássio O. , Moura Virgílio Vilá , Santos Renato Carvalho , Anchieta Ronan Arnon , Strapasson Atahualpa Cauê Paim , Ramos Jony Soares , Monteiro Cláudia Sibele
Published: September 2022

The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) consists of pharmacotherapy and neurosurgical procedure, such as percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy. Here, we present the case of a patient with TN refractory to clinical treatment who presented an anatomical variation in the oval foramen, which required stereotactic-guided surgery to access the Gasser ganglion.

This is a 63-year-old male patient who presented with TN refractory to drug treatment. He used carbamazepine and nortriptyline, with no satisfactory response. The percutaneous approach to radiofrequency thermocoagulation was indicated, in view of the comorbidities presented and the patient's age. Due to the presence of a rare anatomical variation, stereotactic-guided surgery was used to cannulate the foramen ovale and, thus, successfully perform the neurosurgical procedure with an excellent clinical response. The use of stereotaxy to guide cannulation of the foramen ovale due to anatomical variation was essential for the success of the procedure. The knowledge of the existence of this anatomical variation, and the mastery of the stereotactic technique enabled the adequate management in the face of the unusual situation.
Risk Factors for Malfunction of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts Performed by Medical Residents in Children: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Oliveira Italo Cardoso Teixeira de , Silva Douglas Inomata Cardoso da , Matilde Jamille Duran , Botta Fábio Pires , Hamamoto Juliana Fattori , Avila Marla Andréia Garcia de , Rugolo Lígia Maria Suppo de Souza , Zanini Marco Antônio , Filho Pedro Tadao Hamamoto
Published: September 2022

Introduction Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPSs) are common neurosurgical procedures, and in educational centers, they are often performed by residents. However, shunts have high rates of malfunction due to obstruction and infection, especially in pediatric patients. Monitoring the outcomes of shunts performed by trainee neurosurgeons is important to incorporate optimal practices and avoid complications.

Methods In the present study, we analyzed the malfunction rates of VPSs performed in children by residents as well as the risk factors for shunt malfunction.

Results The study included 37 patients aged between 0 and 1.93 years old at the time of surgery. Congenital hydrocephalus was observed in 70.3% of the patients, while 29.7% showed acquired hydrocephalus. The malfunction rate was 54.1%, and the median time to dysfunction was 28 days. Infections occurred in 16.2% of the cases. Cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte number and glucose content sampled at the time of shunt insertion were significantly different between the groups (p = 0.013 and p = 0.007, respectively), but did not have a predictive value for shunt malfunction. In a multivariate analysis, the etiology of hydrocephalus (acquired) and the academic semester (1st) in which the surgery was performed were independently associated with lower shunt survival (p = 0.009 and p = 0.026, respectively).

Conclusion Ventriculoperitoneal shunts performed in children by medical residents were at a higher risk of malfunction depending on the etiology of hydrocephalus and the academic semester in which the surgery was performed.
Predictors of Adherence to Stroke Prevention in the BALKAN-AF Study: A Machine-Learning Approach
Authors: Kozieł-Siołkowska Monika , Siołkowski Sebastian , Mihajlovic Miroslav , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Potpara Tatjana S. ,   on behalf of the BALKAN-AF Investigators
Published: September 2022

Background Compared with usual care, guideline-adherent stroke prevention strategy, based on the ABC (Atrial fibrillation Better Care) pathway, is associated with better outcomes. Given that stroke prevention is central to atrial fibrillation (AF) management, improved efforts to determining predictors of adherence with ‘A’ (avoid stroke) component of the ABC pathway are needed.

Purpose We tested the hypothesis that more sophisticated methodology using machine learning (ML) algorithms could do this.

Methods In this post-hoc analysis of the BALKAN-AF dataset, ML algorithms and logistic regression were tested. The feature selection process identified a subset of variables that were most relevant for creating the model. Adherence with the ‘A’ criterion of the ABC pathway was defined as the use of oral anticoagulants (OAC) in patients with AF with a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 (male) or 1 (female).

Results Among 2,712 enrolled patients, complete data on ‘A’-adherent management were available in 2,671 individuals (mean age 66.0 ± 12.8; 44.5% female). Based on ML algorithms, independent predictors of ‘A-criterion adherent management’ were paroxysmal AF, center in capital city, and first-diagnosed AF. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, chronic kidney disease with chronic dialysis, and sleep apnea were independently associated with a lower likelihood of ‘A’-criterion adherent management.

ML evaluated predictors of adherence with the ‘A’ criterion of the ABC pathway derived an area under the receiver-operator curve of 0.710 (95%CI 0.67–0.75) for random forest with fine tuning.

Conclusions Machine learning identified paroxysmal AF, treatment center in the capital city, and first-diagnosed AF as predictors of adherence to the A pathway; and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, chronic kidney disease with chronic dialysis, and sleep apnea as predictors of non adherence.
Acute Massive and Submassive Pulmonary Embolism: Historical Considerations/Surgical Techniques of Pulmonary Embolectomy/Novel Applications in Donor Lungs with Pulmonary Emboli
Authors: Russell Cody , Keshavamurthy Suresh
Published: September 2022

Pulmonary embolectomy has a chequered history but the quest to surgically treat a patient diagnosed with pulmonary embolism effectively spurred the development of cardiopulmonary bypass and a new dawn for cardiac surgery. The advent of cardiopulmonary bypass, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and computed tomography pulmonary angiogram has allowed rapid diagnosis and made surgical pulmonary embolectomy a relatively safe procedure that should be considered when indicated. Pulmonary emboli in donor lungs, often get rejected for transplantation. Ex vivo lung perfusion is among newly available technology with the ability to not only recondition marginal lungs but also treat donor lung pulmonary embolisms, effectively increasing the donor pool.
Trends in Cornea Fellowship Applications and Applicant Characteristics: A San Francisco Match Analysis
Authors: Tsou Brittany C. , Aguwa Ugochi T. , Arsiwala Lubaina T. , Burton Eleanor , Mishra Kapil , Zafar Sidra , Woreta Fasika
Published: September 2022

Purpose We investigate trends in cornea fellowship positions filled over time and applicant characteristics associated with matching into cornea fellowship.

Methods Characteristics of cornea fellowship applicants were assessed using deidentified 2010 to 2017 San Francisco (SF) Match data. Publicly available SF Match cornea fellowship data including the number of participating programs, number of positions offered, number of positions filled, percentage of positions filled, and number of vacancies from 2014 to 2019 were also analyzed as data from 2010 to 2013 were unavailable.

Results From 2014 to 2019, the number of cornea fellowship programs increased by 11.3% (mean 2.3% per year, p = 0.006) and the number of positions offered increased by 7.7% (mean 1.4% per year, p = 0.065). Of 1,390 applicants from 2010 to 2017, 589 (42.4%) matched into cornea. After controlling for potential covariates, graduation from a U.S residency program (odds ratio [OR]: 6.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.05–9.35, p < 0.001) and a greater number of interviews completed (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.29–1.42, p < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of cornea fellowship match. A greater number of applied programs (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.98, p < 0.001) was associated with decreased odds of matching into cornea fellowship. The proportion of applicants matching into cornea fellowship increased until 30 applications.

Conclusions The number of cornea fellowship programs and positions increased from 2014 to 2019. Graduation from a U.S residency program and a greater number of interviews completed were associated with an increased likelihood of cornea fellowship match. Unlike applying to any ophthalmology subspecialty fellowship, applying to greater than 30 cornea fellowship programs was associated with decreased odds of matching.
Postoperative Complications and Stoma Rates After Laparoscopic Resection of Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis with Bowel Involvement
Authors: Parra Rogério Serafim , Valério Fernando Passador , Zanardi José Vitor Cabral , Feitosa Marley Ribeiro , Camargo Hugo Parra , Féres Omar
Published: September 2022

Objective The purpose was to assess the rates of postoperative complications and the need of temporary stoma of laparoscopic surgical treatment for bowel endometriosis in a referral center.

Methods The surgical indication, type of operation, operative time, length of hospital stay, need for a temporary stoma, rate of conversion to open surgery, postoperative complications were evaluated.

Results One-hundred and fifty patients were included. The average duration of surgery was significantly longer for segmental resection (151 minutes) than for disc excision (111.5 minutes, p < 0.001) and shaving (96.8 minutes, p < 0.001). Patients with segmental resection had longer postoperative lengths of hospital stay (1.87 days) compared with patients with disc excision (1.43 days, p < 0.001) and shaving (1.03 days, p < 0.001). A temporary stoma was performed in 2.7% of patients. Grade II and III postoperative complications occurred in 6.7% and 4.7% patients, respectively.

Conclusion Laparoscopic intestinal resection has an acceptable postoperative complication rate and a low need for a temporary stoma.
Identifying Trends and Quantifying Growth for Technological Innovation in Knee Arthroplasty: An Analysis of a Patent Database (1990 to 2020)
Authors: Rullán Pedro J. , Grits Daniel , Potluri Ajay , Emara Ahmed K. , Klika Alison K. , Mont Michael A. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: September 2022

Technological innovation is the key for surgical progress in knee arthroplasty and improvement in patient outcomes. Exploring patented technologies can help elucidate trends and growth for numerous innovative technologies. However, patent databases, which contain millions of patents, remain underused in arthroplasty research. Therefore, the present study aimed to: (1) quantify patent activity; (2) group patents related to similar technologies into well-defined clusters; and (3) compare growth between technologies in the field of knee arthroplasty over a 30-year period. An open-source international patent database was queried from January 1990 to January 2020 for all patents related to knee arthroplasty A search strategy identified 70,154 patents, of which 24,425 were unique and included analysis. Patents were grouped into 14 independent technology clusters using Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) codes. Patent activity was normalized via a validated formula adjusting for exponential growth. Compound annual growth rates (CAGR) were calculated (5-year, 10-year, and 30-year CAGR) and compared for each cluster. Overall yearly patent activity increased by 2,023%, from 104 patents in 1990 to 2,208 patents in 2020. The largest technology clusters were “drugs” (n = 5,347; 23.8%), “components” (n = 4,343; 19.0%), “instruments” (n = 3,130; 13.7%), and “materials” (n = 2,378; 10.4%). The fastest growing technologies with their 5-year CAGR were: “user interfaces for surgical systems” (58.1%); “robotics” (28.6%); “modularity” (21.1%); “navigation” (15.7%); and “computer modeling” (12.5%). Since 1990, overall patent growth rate has been greatest for “computer modeling” (8.4%), “robotics” (8.0%), “navigation” (7.9%), and “patient-specific instrumentation” (6.4%). Most patents in knee arthroplasty for the last 30 years have focused on drugs, components, instruments, and materials. Recent exponential growth was mainly observed for user interfaces for surgical systems, robotics, modularity, navigation, and computer-assisted technologies. Innovation theory would suggest that these rapidly growing technologies are experiencing high innovation output, increased resource investments, growing adoption by providers, and significant clinical impact. Periodic monitoring of technological innovation via patent databases can be useful to establish trends and future directions in the field of knee arthroplasty.
Evaluation of Surgical Gown Cuff Contamination During Orthopaedic Surgery in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Brand Kenneth J. , Malek Sarah , Ruple Audrey , Hendrix G. Kenitra
Published: September 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of positive cultures of the surgical gown cuffs among scrubbed personnel prior to and immediately after orthopaedic surgical procedures performed on client-owned dogs.

Study Design In this cross-sectional study, the left and right surgical gown cuffs of three scrubbed persons in 10 orthopaedic surgical procedures were individually sampled using a sterile wipe prior to and immediately after surgery in order to determine the frequency of and risk factors associated with positive bacterial cultures.

Results Fifty of 120 (41.6%) cultures were positive with an even distribution before and after surgery. The three most common genera were Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus. Using multivariable logistic regression models, humidity in the operating room (odds ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.08; p = 0.038) and the number of individuals scrubbed into surgery (odds ratio: 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.39–0.91; p = 0.016) had a significant effect on the likelihood of positive culture after surgery. Of the nine patients available for follow-up, one dog developed osteomyelitis.

Conclusions Maintaining the humidity in the operating room to the lowest comfortable level may reduce contamination of the surgical gown cuffs. Confirmation of bacterial contamination of surgical gown cuffs warrants adherence to operative guidelines to minimize the risk of surgical gown cuffs' contact with sterile attire, equipment and the surgical field during surgical procedures.
Pure Endovascular versus Hybrid Approach for Management of Iliofemoral Arterial Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shaker Ahmed A. , Shehata Ahmed H. , Alhindawy Khaled M. , El Daly Walid
Published: September 2022

Common femoral artery (CFA) atherosclerotic lesions currently remain one of the last limitations for adoption of endovascular repair as the first-line treatment, easy surgical accessibility, and, last but not least, favorable long-term outcomes, still making CFA disease treatment part of the surgical domain. In the last 5 years, improvement of the endovascular equipment and technical skills of the operators have led to an increase in percutaneous CFA procedures.

A single-center randomized prospective study of 36 symptomatic (Rutherford 2–4) CFA stenotic or occlusive lesions were included, and patients were randomized over two groups based on the management approach SUPERA versus hybrid technique.

Patients had a mean age 60.8 ± 8.2 years. Thirty-two (88.9%) patients reported improvement of the clinical symptoms, 28 (87.5%) patients had intact pulse postoperatively, and 28 (87.5%) had patent vessels. Follow-up showed that none developed reocclusion or restenosis during the period of follow-up. Comparison of difference in peak systolic velocity ratio (PSVR) among study groups showed that the hybrid technique had more reduction of PSVR postintervention compared to the SUPERA group with a p-value of < 0.0001.

Safety and feasibility of endovascular approach with the SUPERA stent to the CFA (no stent zone) has low incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality in well experienced surgical hands.
The fatigue illusion: the physical effects of mindlessness
Authors: Camparo Stayce , Maymin Philip Z. , Park Chanmo , Yoon Sukki , Zhang Chen , Lee Younghwa , Langer Ellen J.
Published: September 2022

Attitudes that are blindly adopted, termed premature cognitive commitments, can place unnecessary limitations on how we perceive and engage in the world around us, including how we perceive fatigue. Fatigue is still widely treated as a somatic reaction, caused by physical limitations. In contrast to this, our hypothesis, based on Langer’s mind/body unity theory, states that people perceive fatigue at proportional milestones during a task, regardless of how long it is, how strenuous it is, or whether it is physical or cognitive, and that fatigue can be manipulated psychologically. Five studies were designed to investigate (a) whether or not proportional perceptions of fatigue, or fatigue milestones, exists, rendering fatigue an illusion and (b) whether perceptions of fatigue are malleable by way of Langerian mindfulness, offering individuals control in the management of fatigue. Study 1 introduced a fatigue scale and used retrospective perceptions about travel-fatigue. Study 2 added an objective measure of physical fatigue in a cognitive task. Study 3 tested the illusion of fatigue on an athlete population in a physical task. Study 4 included the Langer Mindfulness Scale to further study subjective perceptions of fatigue in physical tasks. Study 5 tested mindful interventions on fatigue. The findings indicate that (a) an illusion of fatigue exists, with proportional set-in and peak milestones, what we label the fatigue illusion and (b) constructs of Langerian mindfulness offer individuals control over the timing, amount, and even the experience of fatigue.
Study produces unparalleled predictive criterion for glass forming ability
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: September 2022

Advancing metallic glass materials research and development with artificial intelligence
Timestamp boson sampling
Authors: Zhou Wen-Hao , Gao Jun , Jiao Zhi-Qiang , Wang Xiao-Wei , Ren Ruo-Jing , Pang Xiao-Ling , Qiao Lu-Feng , Zhang Chao-Ni , Yang Tian-Huai , Jin Xian-Min
Published: September 2022

Quantum advantage, benchmarking the computational power of quantum machines outperforming all classical computers in a specific task, represents a crucial milestone in developing quantum computers and has been driving different physical implementations since the concept was proposed. A boson sampling machine, an analog quantum computer that only requires multiphoton interference and single-photon detection, is considered to be a promising candidate to reach this goal. However, the probabilistic nature of photon sources and the inevitable loss in evolution network make the execution time exponentially increasing with the problem size. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a timestamp boson sampling scheme that can effectively reduce the execution time for any problem size. By developing a time-of-flight storage technique with a precision up to picosecond level, we are able to detect and record the complete time information of 30 individual modes out of a large-scale 3D photonic chip. We perform the three-photon injection and one external trigger experiment to demonstrate that the timestamp protocol works properly and effectively reduce the execution time. We further verify that timestamp boson sampler is distinguished from other samplers in the case of limited datasets through the three heralded single photons injection experiment. The timestamp protocol can speed up the sampling process, which can be widely applied in multiphoton experiments at low-sampling rate. The approach associated with newly exploited resource from time information can boost all the count-rate-limited experiments, suggesting an emerging field of timestamp quantum optics.
Evidence for antipolar displacements in NaNbO3 thin films
Authors: Schneider Thorsten , Cardoletti Juliette , Ding Hui , Zhang Mao-Hua , Jiang Tianshu , Major Márton , Komissinskiy Philipp , Molina-Luna Leopoldo , Alff Lambert
Published: September 2022

An antipolar phase is confirmed for NaNbO3 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on SrTiO3 (100) substrates. Reciprocal space maps and transmission electron microscopy reveal the presence of characteristic 1/4 superlattice reflections, indicative of the antipolar displacement of Na and Nb-ions. Furthermore, x-ray diffraction unveils the presence of two different orientations of the same phase for thin films beyond a critical thickness of about 60 nm. This orientation change with increasing thickness can be explained as an extraordinary strain compensation mechanism, changing magnitude and sign of the strain at the same time. The polarization vs electric field behavior exposes a characteristic thickness dependence, with the antiferroelectric phase stabilized for very thin films and a field induced ferroelectric hysteresis for a film of 310 nm having a maximum polarization of 26.5 μC cm−2, which is among the highest values reported for NaNbO3 thin films grown on SrTiO3 (100).
Long-lived quantum coherent dynamics of a Λ-system driven by a thermal environment
Authors: Koyu Suyesh , Tscherbul Timur V.
Published: September 2022

We present a theoretical study of quantum coherent dynamics of a three-level Λ-system driven by a thermal environment (such as blackbody radiation), which serves as an essential building block of photosynthetic light-harvesting models and quantum heat engines. By solving nonsecular Bloch–Redfield master equations, we obtain analytical results for the ground-state population and coherence dynamics and classify the dynamical regimes of the incoherently driven Λ-system as underdamped and overdamped depending on whether the ratio Δ/[rf(p)] is greater or less than one, where Δ is the ground-state energy splitting, r is the incoherent pumping rate, and f(p) is a function of the transition dipole alignment parameter p. In the underdamped regime, we observe long-lived coherent dynamics that lasts for τc ≃ 1/r, even though the initial state of the Λ-system contains no coherences in the energy basis. In the overdamped regime for p = 1, we observe the emergence of coherent quasi-steady states with the lifetime τc = 1.34(r/Δ2), which have a low von Neumann entropy compared to conventional thermal states. We propose an experimental scenario for observing noise-induced coherent dynamics in metastable He* atoms driven by x-polarized incoherent light. Our results suggest that thermal excitations can generate experimentally observable long-lived quantum coherent dynamics in the ground-state subspace of atomic and molecular Λ-systems in the absence of coherent driving.
A high-precision detection method for laser time transfer based on a single-photon avalanche detector array
Authors: Wang Yurong , Li Xue , Luo Weiping , Pan Haifeng , Wu Guang
Published: September 2022

Space-ground laser time transfer is of significant importance to effectively function a high-precision time synchronization system. Instead of the single-pixel single-photon avalanche detector (SPAD) commonly used in the laser time transfer system, the SPAD array device is capable of supporting the greater performance of the signal photon capture. In this paper, it is experimentally demonstrated that the detection precision and time deviation (TDEV) of the SPAD array can be extremely improved by an order of magnitude compared with those of a single-pixel SPAD. As a result, 2.4 ps root mean square precision and 0.25 ps over an averaging time of 1000 s TDEV are achieved for the SPAD array, providing a new detection method for high-precision laser time transfer applications, such as space-ground optical clocks.
Temperature-sensitive hybridization of propagating and localized surface phonon polaritons in polar 4H-SiC nano-resonators
Authors: Fei Tianhao , Cheng Tao , Zhao Huanhuan , Xie Xuejian , Zhang Lei , Fu Zhiwei , Yang Jia-Yue , Liu Linhua
Published: September 2022

Polar 4H-SiC nano-resonators can host localized surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) with low optical loss and fully exploit light–matter interactions for promising nanophotonic applications such as surface-enhanced spectroscopies and thermal imaging. To expand the mid-infrared and infrared application spaces, a sound knowledge of temperature effect on infrared dielectric functions and SPhPs of 4H-SiC is required, yet it remains largely unexplored. Herein, we focus on exploiting the temperature influence on dielectric functions, hybridization of propagating and localized SPhPs, and tailed spectral radiation properties of 4H-SiC nanopillar arrays through spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) measurements as well as multiscale simulations. The 4H-SiC crystal is grown using the physical vapor transport method, and SE experiments measure infrared dielectric functions at temperatures between 300 and 800 K. Finite-element electromagnetic simulations confirm the emerged Monopole and transverse dipoles (TD1 and TD2) resonance modes in 4H-SiC nano-resonators, which agrees with the literature experiment. At high temperatures with strong lattice vibration, the amplitudes of resonant optical absorption peaks gradually decrease and the linewidths broaden, accompanied by the weakened electric resonances. First-principles calculations show that the anharmonic phonon scattering strengthens and less optical phonons are coupled to incident photons as temperature increases. Moreover, the propagating and localized SPhPs’ hybridization and spectral radiation properties of 4H-SiC nanopillar arrays can be largely tailed by modifying the morphology and incident angle of light. This work provides physical insights into the temperature-induced spectral tuning of 4H-SiC nano-resonators and helps exploit their applications in the high-temperature working conditions.
Self-assembly and complex formation of amphiphilic star and bottle-brush block copolymers
Authors: Krummenacher Marco , Steinhauser Martin O.
Published: September 2022

We use molecular dynamics computer simulations to investigate complexation and clustering of branched polymers. In this study, we focus on star and bottle-brush polymers. In our investigation, we identify key factors governing cluster formation of branched amphiphilic polymers and provide guidance for designing and preparing various types of polymer clusters for applications, e.g., in drug delivery or materials science. We observe different kinds of clustering in the polymer systems. Our star polymers consist of several arms of hydrophilic core particles with hydrophobic particles attached to the end of each star arm. We observe that amphiphilic star polymers generally tend to form spherical complexes. In contrast to this, bottle-brush polymers exhibit a larger variety of complex structures. With large grafting density and large side arms, we also observe spherical polymer clusters; however, for low grafting density and shorter side chains, distinct clusters connected by bridging particles are formed. Furthermore, we observe membrane-like clustering of bottle-brush polymers. We employ two different clustering algorithms for further analysis of the obtained structures with respect to shape factors, pair correlation functions, and radii of gyration. We find that the hydrophobic parts of polymers play a crucial role in the formation of the resulting structures during self-assembly. The hydrophilic core parts in star polymers along with steric hindrance lead to a screening effect for the hydrophobic parts of the polymers. With bottle-brush copolymers, the hydrophilic parts of the polymers exhibit a screening effect that is sensitive to the grafting density and side chain lengths along the backbone.
Theory of the magnetothermal instability in coronal plasma flows
Authors: García-Rubio F. , Betti R. , Sanz J. , Aluie H.
Published: September 2022

The theory of the magnetothermal instability (MTI) [D. A. Tidman and R. A. Shanny, Phys. Fluids 17, 1207 (1974)] is revisited through the lens of the stability of uniform systems. The linear stability analysis includes flow advection and Nernst transport. The instability criteria derived distinguish between the convective and the absolute nature of the perturbation growth. It is proven that, in the region where the Nernst and plasma blowoff velocities cancel, the MTI can be absolute and wave-packet perturbations grow in situ. This instability is mediated by the internal feedback between the Biermann battery and Righi–Leduc terms. The analysis is extended to derive the dispersion relation for short-wavelength perturbations developing in nonuniform profiles with the application to coronal plasmas. It is found that the condition for MTI requires the net B-field convection velocity to be small at the isothermal sonic section, and the plasma conditions in this section govern the dynamics of the instability. Analysis of hydro-equivalent implosions suggests that unstable perturbations undergo more e-foldings of growth in larger-size targets.
PolyODENet: Deriving mass-action rate equations from incomplete transient kinetics data
Authors: Wu Qin , Avanesian Talin , Qu Xiaohui , Van Dam Hubertus
Published: September 2022

Kinetics of a reaction network that follows mass-action rate laws can be described with a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with polynomial right-hand side. However, it is challenging to derive such kinetic differential equations from transient kinetic data without knowing the reaction network, especially when the data are incomplete due to experimental limitations. We introduce a program, PolyODENet, toward this goal. Based on the machine-learning method Neural ODE, PolyODENet defines a generative model and predicts concentrations at arbitrary time. As such, it is possible to include unmeasurable intermediate species in the kinetic equations. Importantly, we have implemented various measures to apply physical constraints and chemical knowledge in the training to regularize the solution space. Using simple catalytic reaction models, we demonstrate that PolyODENet can predict reaction profiles of unknown species and doing so even reveal hidden parts of reaction mechanisms.
Phonon anharmonicity in exfoliated black arsenic flakes
Authors: Wang Zihan , Wang Yongsong , Guo Xiao , You Siwen , Niu Tianchao , Zhong Mianzeng , Xia Qinglin , Huang Han
Published: September 2022

Black arsenic (b-As) with extreme in-plane anisotropy, incredible ambient stability, and excellent transport performance has unlimited potential for device applications. Uncovering phonon–phonon (ph–ph) interactions is a critical step in understanding its transport, especially thermal transport properties. Here, we report on the phonon anharmonicity in an exfoliated b-As flake using temperature-dependent polarized Raman spectroscopy from 80 to 300 K. Polarization of Ag2 mode helps identifying the crystalline orientation of the flake. A nonlinear redshift of peak frequencies of Ag1, B2g, and Ag2 modes is observed along the given crystalline orientation. Contributions from intrinsic ph–ph interactions are extracted: cubic-phonon decay dominates the ph–ph scattering processes at low temperature, while cubic- and quartic-phonon decays together do at high temperature. It is further confirmed by the nonlinear full-width-at-half-maxima broadening. Our findings disclose the phonon anharmonicity in b-As and give insight for better understanding and utilizing its thermodynamic properties.