bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive robust steering strategy for electro-hydraulic hybrid steering system based on backstepping method
Authors: Shi Guobiao , Song Minghao , Ju Chengyun , Wang Shuai , Qiao Pengfei
Published: June 2023

Aiming at the angle tracking problem of electro-hydraulic hybrid steering (EHHS) system of heavy commercial vehicles in intelligent driving mode, the dynamic model of the system is established. In order to weaken the influence of nonlinear disturbance and parameters, an adaptive robust controller based on backstepping method is designed, a linear extended state observer is established to predict the disturbance. Triangular programming and trapezoidal programming are introduced into the upper level planning of steering angle position to improve the performance, so as to realize the tracking control of steering angle. In order to verify the effectiveness of the control algorithm, the designed controller is compared with DRC control. The results show that the controller used in this paper has higher servo accuracy, smaller error, and better robustness to interference. And to verify the improvement of the speed planning algorithm, the simulation is compared with the non-planning algorithm. The results show that adding the planning algorithm can reduce the control effect error and avoid the response oscillation to a certain extent. Finally, HIL bench test shows that the control strategies under various working conditions have good effect, and meet the steering angle tracking requirements of commercial vehicles in intelligent driving mode.
Safety and efficacy of intracavitary microwave ablation in hepatic gland tumours: Numerical and in vitro studies
Authors: Satish Vellavalapalli , Repaka Ramjee
Published: June 2023

The microwave ablation (MWA) of large hepatic gland tumour using multiple trocars operated at 2.45/6 GHz frequencies has been analysed. The ablation region (in vitro) obtained using parallel and non-parallel insertion of multiple trocars into the tissue has been analysed and compared with the numerical studies. The present study has considered a typical triangular-shaped hepatic gland model for experimental and numerical analysis. COMSOL Multiphysics software with inbuilt bioheat transfer, electromagnetic waves, heat transfer in solids and fluids and laminar flow physics has been used to obtain the numerical results. Experimental analysis has been conducted on egg white using a market-available microwave ablation device. It has been found from the present study that MWA operated at 2.45/6 GHz with the non-parallel position of multiple trocars into the tissue leads to a considerable increase in the ablation region as compared to the parallel insertion of trocars. Hence, non-parallel insertion of trocars is suitable to treat irregular-shaped large cancerous tumours (>3 cm). The non-parallel simultaneous insertion of trocars can overcome the healthy tissue ablation issue as well as the problem associated with indentation. Further, reasonable accuracy (with the difference being nearly ±0.1 cm in ablation diameter) has been achieved in comparing the ablation region and temperature variation between experimental and numerical studies. The present study may create a new path in the ablation of large size tumours (>3 cm) with multiple trocars of all shapes by sparing the healthy tissue.
A decade of changes in OA and non-OA journal publication and production
Authors: Kim Eungi , Atteraya Madhu Sudhan
Published: June 2023

The objective of this study was to explore the trends in the publication and production of open access (OA) and non-OA journals and articles over the last decade. Non-OA journals include subscription and hybrid journals, the articles of which cannot be freely accessed by researchers. To conduct this study, we used SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) data from 2011 to 2021. In analyzing the SJR data, we categorized publishers by the number of journals and articles published. The results showed the following: (a) although the number of OA journals has increased rapidly between 2011 and 2021, their share of total publications is still significantly lower than that of non-OA journals; (b) between 2011 and 2021, the number of publishers of non-OA journals had decreased slightly, while the number of OA journal publishers has increased rapidly; (c) publishers of all sizes increased the production of OA journal articles between 2011 and 2021, but the share of top publishers increased the most; and (d) MDPI, as a born-OA publisher, has become a global leader in OA journal article publishing in recent years.
Fostering Intercultural Effectiveness and Cultural Humility in Adult Learners Through Collaborative Online International Learning
Authors: Anderson Amy M. , Or Justina
Published: June 2023

Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) is a simulated global exchange experience that utilizes technology to bridge the gap between classrooms worldwide. Past research suggests that COIL may be useful in facilitating intercultural communication effectiveness and cultural humility for adult learners. As such, this quantitative study sought to examine the effects of a COIL experience that connected adult learners in the United States and Brazil on their intercultural effectiveness and cultural humility. Two instruments were used to collect data, including the Cultural Humility Scale and Intercultural Effectiveness Scale before and after the COIL experience. Data analyses revealed statistically significant increases in participants’ intercultural effectiveness and cultural humility following the COIL experience. These findings provided insights into the effects of COIL on the intercultural effectiveness and cultural humility of adult learners. They also informed andragogical practices for cultivating attitudes, skills, and behaviors for intercultural interactions among adult learners in educational and other professional settings. However, further research on the outcomes of COIL is beneficial.
Teaching Fractions to Elementary Students With Learning Disabilities Using Evidence-Based Practices
Authors: Bouck Emily , Bouck Mary , Anderson Rubia D.
Published: June 2023

Fractions are an important concept used throughout advanced mathematical ideas and everyday life. Students need a solid understanding of fraction concepts, such as magnitude, equivalence, and operations. However, many students, including students with learning disabilities (LD) in mathematics, struggle with fractions. In this article, the use of multiple representations are discussed to support and teach fraction concepts to students with LD in mathematics. Multiple representations to include manipulatives, drawings, and numbers lines. Throughout the article, the use of explicit instruction to teach students with LD in mathematics how to use multiple representations to understand and solve fraction problems will be presented.
Special Education Teacher Training Programs in South Korea: Current Status and Issues
Authors: Kim Joungmin , Kim Kyeong-Hwa
Published: June 2023

In 2007, the Act on Special Education for Persons with Disabilities in South Korea was enacted, resulting in various changes to the special education teacher training policy and system. Although special education is being developed and operated in response to societal changes and the budget is increased yearly, the controversy over the teacher training system continues in the education field. However, systematic academic research on these issues is insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explain the teacher training system in South Korea. First is a brief introduction to the 4-year special education qualification system and its current status in South Korea. Second, two types of training for special education teachers are explained following teacher qualification. Third, the issues surrounding the special education training program are discussed.
Restraint and Seclusion: A Review of Practices and Policy
Authors: Graves Katherine A.
Published: June 2023

Restraint and seclusion are frequently misused in schools, leading to harmful outcomes for students. There is currently no federal law regulating these practices, which has led to inconsistencies in state and district policies. This policy paper aims to provide a brief background on current definitions, case law, and policies and provide teachers and administrators with ways to advocate for updated laws and policies. Preventive solutions to problem behavior must be embedded into policies and regulations to ensure every student has access to a safe and equitable educational experience.
The Organizational Dynamics of Business Models for Sustainability: Discursive and Cognitive Pathways for Change
Authors: Pinkse Jonatan , Lüdeke-Freund Florian , Laasch Oliver , Snihur Yuliya , Bohnsack René
Published: June 2023

Business models for sustainability (BMfS) enable organizations to create social and environmental value for a wide variety of stakeholders. As BMfS are new for well-established industries, their implementation requires deep organizational change to overcome path dependencies of existing business models. In this article, we present a framework which outlines the organizational change process involved in BMfS development. The framework shows that organizations can experiment with novel configurations of value, resources, and transactions, and follow discursive and cognitive pathways to enable BMfS legitimization and implementation. Although the value, resources, and transactions levers can be used either separately or in concert, discursive and cognitive pathways are most powerful when pursued together. We use our framework to highlight the contributions of the articles in the special issue and to propose new directions for BMfS research. We argue that future research should investigate the impacts of BMfS on the sustainability challenges they seek to address.
Opioid-free anesthesia versus opioid-based anesthesia in patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Mathew Dave M , Fusco Peter J , Varghese Kathryn S , Awad Ahmed K , Vega Eamon , Mathew Serena M , Polizzi Mia , George Jerrin , Mathew Christopher S , Thomas Jeremiah J , Calixte Rose , Ahmed Adham
Published: June 2023

Background

Despite their extensive clinical use, opioids are characterized by several side effects. These complications, coupled with the ongoing opioid epidemic, have favored the rise of opioid-free-anesthesia (OFA). Herein, we perform the first pairwise meta-analysis of clinical outcomes for OFA vs opioid-based anesthesia (OBA) in patients undergoing cardiovascular and thoracic surgery.

Methods

We comprehensively searched medical databases to identify studies comparing OFA and OBA in patients undergoing cardiovascular or thoracic surgery. Pairwise meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel–Haenszel method. Outcomes were pooled as risk ratios (RR) or standard mean differences (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Results

Our pooled analysis included 919 patients (8 studies), of whom 488 underwent surgery with OBA and 431 with OFA. Among cardiovascular surgery patients, compared to OBA, OFA was associated with significantly reduced post-operative nausea and vomiting (RR, 0.57; P = .042), inotrope need (RR .84, P = .045), and non-invasive ventilation (RR, .54; P = .028). However, no differences were observed for 24hr pain score (SMD, −.35; P = .510) or 48hr morphine equivalent consumption (SMD, −1.09; P = .139). Among thoracic surgery patients, there was no difference between OFA and OBA for any of the explored outcomes, including post-operative nausea and vomiting (RR, 0.41; P = .025).

Conclusion

Through the first pooled analysis of OBA vs OFA in a cardiothoracic-exclusive cohort, we found no significant difference in any of the pooled outcomes for thoracic surgery patients. Although limited to 2 cardiovascular surgery studies, OFA was associated with significantly reduced postoperative nausea and vomiting, inotrope need, and non-invasive ventilation in these patients. With growing use of OFA in invasive operations, further studies are needed to assess their efficacy and safety in cardiothoracic patients.
Joint Hypermobility and Fatigue Are Associated With Injuries in a Group of Preprofessional Ballet Dancers
Authors: Dondin Morgan , Baeza-Velasco Carolina
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Strenuous preprofessional ballet training places young students at an increased risk of injury. This represents a major concern for aspiring dancers since a link has been described between injury and dropping out. It is therefore important to identify physical and psychological factors related to injuries in dance for prevention purposes.

Methods:

In this cross-sectional study, we explored the frequency and characteristics of injuries, as well as their physical and psychological determinants in preprofessional ballet dancers. Seventy-three participants (women = 75.6%; mean age = 13.7; SD = 1.8) were evaluated with the Beighton criteria for joint hypermobility and self-questionnaires assessing injuries in the last 18 months, fatigue, fear of injury, and motivation.

Results:

Most of participants (61.6%) experienced injuries in the last 18 months, mainly in the lower limbs, and due to overuse. Multivariate analyses showed that joint hypermobility and fatigue predict injury status in this sample.

Conclusion:

These results confirm previous reports suggesting that physical factors such as fatigue and joint hypermobility, that are frequent in ballet dancers, should be taken into account in order to prevent injuries.
Examining the Preferences and Priorities of Dance Educators for Dance Science Information: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hawke Jamie J. , Bredin Shannon S. D.
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The growing field of dance medicine and science provides dance educators the opportunity to incorporate evidence-based approaches into teaching practices. Incorporating knowledge produced by dance science research into evidence-based practice can improve learning and health outcomes for dance students. Guided by the Knowledge to Action (KTA) Framework, the purpose of this study was to examine the preferences and research priorities of dance educators for receiving, accessing, and implementing dance science knowledge.

Methods:

Ninety-seven dance educators representing a range of styles, experience, and educational settings completed an online survey. Dance educators responded to questions about the dance science topics they felt were important to their teaching practices, their preferences for receiving dance science information, and areas of dance science that need more research.

Results: Responses indicated that dance science was important to participants’ teaching practices although there was variability in which dance science topics were seen as “Absolutely Essential.” Participants reported a preference for receiving dance science information through in-person methods and observations. Variability was also shown in participant responses to statements about the accessibility, format, and applicability of dance science information to teaching practices. Dance educators indicated that the easiest dance science topics to find information about were anatomy, flexibility, biomechanics, and injury prevention; dance educators also identified that more research was needed in mental health and psychology.

Conclusion:

The findings of this survey provide key considerations for factors such as accessibility, specificity, and resources that are user-friendly to inform future knowledge translation efforts tailored to dance educators.
“It’s Not Just Dad Who’s Got Problems”: Feminist Phenomenology and Young Men’s Violence Against Women
Authors: Berggren Kalle , Gottzén Lucas
Published: June 2023

Research on men who have been violent against women has often shown how these men justify or excuse their violence, minimize their responsibility, as well as construct dominant forms of masculinity. However, as attitudes in support of intimate partner violence are declining around the world, we might expect perpetrators to become less self-righteous and more self-critical about their violence. This article reports data from a qualitative interview study with 14 young partner-violent men in Sweden. While our participants sometimes downplayed their responsibility, more often they condemned violence in intimate relationships, and reflected upon the place of violence in their lives. This included experiences of domestic violence as children, as well as their processes of moving away from violence. Drawing on feminist readings of phenomenology, particularly Heidegger, we suggest that phenomenological conceptualizations of embodiment, consciousness and practice are helpful in understanding the experiences of partner-violent men.
Feasibility and safety of left distal trans-radial approach for coronary angiogram and percutaneous coronary intervention in a center in Hong Kong
Authors: Hui Yiu Hong , Kong Chun Cheong , Wong Cheuk Hon John , Au Shek Yin , Leung Chun Yu , Lee Sze Chai Arthur , Wong Shun Hei
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The left distal trans-radial approach is not only more convenient for the operator than the conventional left forearm radial approach, it is also more comfortable for right-hand patients during the peri-procedural period. Comparing with conventional approach, it has lower bleeding risk, less pain and lower risk of radial artery occlusion. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and the safety of left distal trans-radial approach for coronary angiogram and percutaneous coronary intervention in Hong Kong Chinese who had smaller body built and therefore smaller radial arterial size.

Method:

In this single-center prospective study, 72 patients undergoing elective coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention were recruited from August to October 2018. All right-handed patients aged 18 or above undergoing elective procedures during the period were recruited. Exclusion criteria were non-palpable radial arteries, pregnancies, incapability to consent, abnormal Allen’s test, and emergency procedures. Sixty patients (42 males, age ranging from 45 to 86 years old) were recruited and underwent the procedures via left distal radial approach. The measurements during access establishment, the procedure details, complications, patients’ satisfaction, and arterial occlusion rate were studied.

Results:

The procedures with left distal radial approach were successful in 51 patients (85%). Crossover rate to conventional right radial approach was 15% (nine patients). Among successful cases, the mean patients’ satisfaction was 8.32/10 and the mean pain score was 1.6/10. Post-procedural radial artery occlusion was not encountered.

Conclusion:

Left distal radial approach is a feasible alternative for patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention in Hong Kong Chinese patients. It provides good comfortability with minimal pain in right-handed patients. The risk of radial artery occlusion is minimal.
Rectifying global inequities in neuromyelitis optica diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Mateen Farrah J
Published: June 2023

The standard of care for patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) has become highly unequal globally. Sufficient data have been published to demonstrate that NMO is a disabling—and at times, fatal—disease needing preventive immunosuppressive treatment. Since 2019, there are multiple regulatory authority-approved disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive NMO for patients. Reframing the picture of NMO globally is now needed. When considered as a disease of high mortality when left untreated, parallel programs to those for cancer, HIV/AIDS, or tuberculosis can be considered. Nine collective goals for rectifying global inequities in NMO diagnosis and treatment are proposed.
Exploring autistic adults’ psychosocial experiences affecting beginnings, continuity and change in camouflaging over time: A qualitative study in Singapore
Authors: Loo Beatrice Rui Yi , Teo Truman Jing Yang , Liang Melanie Jiamin , Leong Dawn-Joy , Tan Diana Weiting , Zhuang Sici , Hull Laura , Livingston Lucy A , Mandy Will , Happé Francesca , Magiati Iliana
Published: June 2023

Camouflaging (or otherwise referred to as masking or passing) involves hiding one’s autistic-related characteristics and differences to get by in social situations in predominantly non-autistic societies. Very little is known to date about the course of camouflaging motivations and strategies over time or the psychosocial factors that may influence autistic people’s camouflaging choices and trajectories. In an exploratory qualitative study within an Asian sociocultural context, we interviewed 11 Singaporean autistic adults (9 males, 2 females, aged 22–45 years) about their camouflaging experiences to better understand (1) their camouflaging motivations and strategies over time, and (2) related psychosocial influences. Organised across four phases (pre-camouflaging, beginnings, continuity and change over time), 17 themes relating to camouflaging motivations and 8 themes relating to strategies were identified. The earliest camouflaging motivations were predominantly relational, linked to a negative self-identity that had been shaped by adverse social experiences. Camouflaging strategies became increasingly complex and integrated into one’s sense of self over time. Our findings highlight the role of psychosocial pressures precipitating camouflaging and emphasise the need for individual and societal changes, including moving towards enhanced acceptance and inclusion to reduce psychosocial pressures on autistic people to camouflage.

Lay Abstract

Over their lifetimes, many autistic people learn to camouflage (hide or mask) their autism-related differences to forge relationships, find work and live independently in largely non-autistic societies. Autistic adults have described camouflaging as a ‘lifetime of conditioning . . . to act normal’ involving ‘years of effort’, suggesting that camouflaging develops over an autistic person’s lifetime and may start early on, in childhood or adolescence. Yet, we know very little about why and how autistic people start to camouflage, or why and how their camouflaging behaviours continue or change over time. We interviewed 11 Singaporean autistic adults (9 male, 2 female, 22–45 years old) who shared their camouflaging experiences. We found that autistic adults’ earliest motivations to camouflage were largely related to the desire to fit in and connect with others. They also camouflaged to avoid difficult social experiences (such as being teased or bullied). Autistic adults shared that their camouflaging behaviours became more complex and that, for some, camouflaging became a part of their self-identity over time. Our findings suggest that society should not pathologise autistic differences, but instead accept and include autistic people, to reduce the pressure on autistic people to hide who they truly are.
Threaten and affirm: The role of ingroup moral exemplars for promoting prosocial intergroup behavior through affirming moral identity
Authors: Čehajić-Clancy Sabina , Olsson Andreas
Published: June 2023

Information about ingroup moral violations against outgroups evoke defensiveness resulting in low support for reparations to be provided to members of these groups. Yet it remains unknown if reminders of ingroup harmdoings could also enhance moral engagement rather than disengagement. In this paper, we report experimental evidence from three studies ( ns = 625) set in the context of historical atrocities committed against indigenous people in Sweden demonstrating that high importance of individuals’ moral identity led to increased prosocial behaviors benefiting the outgroup (reparations and outgroup monetary donation). The positive effects of moral identity on reparations and outgroup donation were independent and remained significant after controlling for group-based guilt, which is a known predictor of willingness to provide reparations. Furthermore, our research identified a pathway of affirming individuals’ moral identity through stories of ingroup moral exemplars. Participants who learned about morally admirable behaviors performed by their ingroup fellows were more likely to endorse and engage in prosocial behaviors benefiting the outgroup. These effects were driven by an increased importance of participants’ moral identity. Establishing ways of affirming threatened moral identity and, in that way, facilitating more prosocial and moral actions is important for contexts with a history of human right violations.
Banding together to avoid exploitation: Dominant (but not prestige-based) leaders motivate collective moral opposition from followers
Authors: Ronay Richard , Oostrom Janneke K , She Minnie , Maner Jon
Published: June 2023

Although dominance is a common strategy for attaining high social rank, it often entails exploitative behavior, bringing leaders into conflict with followers. Anthropological work suggests that a long evolutionary history of such conflict has set the stage for moral systems designed to reduce exploitation from powerful people. Here we establish links between dominance (and prestige) and moral leadership, reporting three studies (total N = 1246) demonstrating that, in response to dominant leaders, followers band together in collective opposition aimed at resisting, and even toppling, incumbent leaders. These studies also identify specific social psychological pathways through which dominant leaders elicit moral opposition—low levels of trust and gossip both mediated effects of leader dominance on collective opposition by followers. While dominance may allow people to rise through the ranks of a social hierarchy, the long-term durability of dominance as a leadership strategy may be undermined by collective moral opposition from followers.
A time for moral actions: Moral identity, morality-as-cooperation and moral circles predict support of collective action to fight the COVID-19 pandemic in an international sample
Authors: Boggio Paulo S. , Nezlek John B. , Alfano Mark , Azevedo Flavio , Capraro Valerio , Cichocka Aleksandra , Pärnamets Philip , Rego Gabriel Gaudencio , Sampaio Waldir M. , Sjåstad Hallgeir , Van Bavel Jay J.
Published: June 2023

Understanding what factors are linked to public health behavior in a global pandemic is critical to mobilizing an effective public health response. Although public policy and health messages are often framed through the lens of individual benefit, many of the behavioral strategies needed to combat a pandemic require individual sacrifices to benefit the collective welfare. Therefore, we examined the relationship between individuals’ morality and their support for public health measures. In a large-scale study with samples from 68 countries worldwide (Study 1; N = 46,576), we found robust evidence that moral identity, morality-as-cooperation, and moral circles are each positively related to people’s willingness to engage in public health behaviors and policy support. Together, these moral dispositions accounted for 9.8%, 10.2%, and 6.2% of support for limiting contact, improving hygiene, and supporting policy change, respectively. These morality variables (Study 2) and Schwartz’s values dimensions (Study 3) were also associated with behavioral responses across 42 countries in the form of reduced physical mobility during the pandemic. These results suggest that morality may help mobilize citizens to support public health policy.
Ideological asymmetries in morality predict schism intentions
Authors: Wagoner Joseph A. , Rinella Mark J.
Published: June 2023

Drawing from the social psychological model of schisms (Sani, 2005) and moral foundations theory (Haidt & Graham, 2007), we hypothesized that liberals would be more likely to schismatize from a group following an individualizing moral violation, whereas conservatives would be more likely to schismatize from a group following a binding moral violation. We additionally hypothesized that perceptions of identity-subversion would mediate the interaction between ideology and moral violation on schism intentions. We conducted four high powered studies (total N = 1,614) using different designs (correlational, experimental) to test our hypotheses across different groups. Results from Studies 1 and 2 partially supported the hypotheses, while results from Studies 3 and 4 fully supported the hypotheses. The results suggest that people’s political ideologies make them more susceptible to perceiving different types of moral violations, and that moral violations can elicit a schism process.
Moral exemplars promote positive attitudes, beliefs, intentions, and behaviors toward outgroups during the COVID-19 pandemic: The explanatory role of self-transcendent emotions
Authors: Alonso-Arbiol Itziar , Bobowik Magdalena , Pascual Aitziber , Conejero Susana , Padoan Sonia
Published: June 2023

Due to their response at the COVID-19 frontline, migrant essential workers became moral exemplars likely to boost emotions such as gratitude or admiration. We examined the effect of moral exemplars on outgroup attitudes, beliefs about the outgroup, intentions and behavior toward the outgroup, as well as the role of self-transcendent emotions in this link. Participants of an online panel-based experimental study ( N = 651) were randomly assigned to either watch a video clip with a story about migrant essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., the moral exemplars condition) or to watch a neutral video involving migrants (i.e., the control condition), and were invited to fill in a questionnaire and donate money to an association fighting for immigrants’ rights. Compared to the control condition, participants in the moral exemplars condition manifested more positive outgroup attitudes, beliefs about the outgroup, and were more willing to help the outgroup, also via self-transcendent emotions. The exposure to the moral exemplars narrative was linked with more helping behavior (a donation to an NGO) only indirectly via self-transcendent emotions. Moral exemplars proved useful in promoting positive attitudes and prosociality toward immigrants.
Application of spherical macro-indentation for determination of plastic anisotropy and residual stresses using indentation geometry and inverse analysis
Authors: Karbasian A , Mahmoudi A H
Published: June 2023

The simultaneous determination of mechanical properties and residual stresses using the instrumented indentation technique is more challenging when the anisotropic behaviour of a material is considered. If ignored, it may lead to inaccurate estimation of residual stresses and mechanical properties of materials. In this paper, the existence of in-plane anisotropic plasticity and the equi-biaxial residual stresses were considered in materials simultaneously. These anisotropic plastic properties and residual stresses were extracted for two materials, an aluminium alloy and a stainless steel, using an inverse analysis method and macro-spherical indentation test. The considered anisotropic materials have different yield stresses in both the longitudinal and transverse directions of the part. The inverse analysis method was based on a wide range of finite element (FE) simulations, which included a large number of models covering the properties of different steel and aluminium materials. In this method, the parameters extracted from the load-displacement (P-h) curve for indentation, along with the pile-up around the indentation area after unloading, were considered as the input parameters of the inverse analysis method. The outputs were the mechanical properties of the anisotropic material and the equi-biaxial tensile and compressive residual stresses. The proposed inverse method was based on the analysis of the artificial neural network (ANN). The effectiveness of the inverse method was examined and verified using experimental data which were found to be reliable. The method employed the P-h curve parameters and unloading morphology and was successful to determine the anisotropic plastic properties and residual stresses.
Film as cooperative endeavour: The promises for people living with dementia, their relatives, caregivers and aged care staff
Authors: Marsh Pauline , Courtney Pratt Helen , Kelly Lisa , White Lynsey
Published: June 2023

Creative expression by people living with dementia and their families and carers can improve communication and relationships and strengthen relational personhood. The transition to residential aged care from living at home with dementia is a time of ‘relocation stress”, and a time when additional psychosocial supports like these might be particularly beneficial. This article reports on a qualitative study that explored how a co-operative filmmaking project functioned as a multifaceted psychosocial intervention, and explored its potential impacts on relocation stressors. Methods included interviews with people living with dementia who were involved in the filmmaking, and their families and close others. Staff from a local day centre and residential aged care home also took part in interviews, as did the filmmakers. The researchers also observed some of the filmmaking process. Reflexive thematic analysis techniques were used to generate three key themes in the data: Relationship building; Communicating agency, memento and heart; Being visible and inclusive. The findings reveal challenges regarding privacy and the ethics of public screenings, as well as the pragmatics of using short films as a communication tool in aged care settings. We conclude that filmmaking as a cooperative endeavour holds promise to mitigate relocation stressors by: improving family and other relationships during challenging times for family and for people living with dementia; providing opportunities for new self-narratives derived from relational subjectivities; supporting visibility and personhood; and improving communication once in residential aged care. This research has relevance for communities who are looking to support dynamic personhood and improve the care of people living with dementia.
The impact of road lighting on road user alertness in the evening
Authors: Alshdaifat A , Moadab NH , Fotios S
Published: June 2023

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the alerting effect of light under lighting conditions typical of road lighting. After a 2-h adaptation period, under lighting representing a domestic interior, participants were exposed for a further hour to one of four lighting conditions, with illuminance at the eye and spectral power distribution varied to give a melanopic equivalent daylight illuminance of <0.5 lx to about 10 lx. During this latter phase, half of the participants remained seated, and the other half walked on a treadmill. The dependent variables were reaction time to an acoustic detection task, melatonin levels derived from saliva samples, self-reported sleepiness and skin temperature. The results did not suggest that differences between the four lighting conditions had a significant effect on any of the dependent variables, confirming the results of a previous study conducted on a test track. This suggests that any alerting effect of road lighting is not significant for driving or walking in the evening.
Policy and Populism: Analysing Support for Die Linke
Authors: Goodger Edward
Published: June 2023

Defining ‘radical left’ political actors by their challenge to contemporary economic norms, this article draws the example of Die Linke in Germany and analyses explanations for this party’s support. Two theories are tested. First, the policy-proximity account, building off the Downsian spatial model and tested with three policy dimensions relating to economics, cultural policy, and migration policy. Second, the populism-based account, which defines this as a conflict between ‘the people’ versus ‘elites’. Using German Longitudinal Election Survey data, this article carries out a large-N analysis of support for Die Linke. It uses multiple linear regression to test how far support for this party is explained by proximity between voters and the party, or by levels of populism among voters. Results showed greater support for Die Linke from proximal voters on each dimension; however, highly populist voters were not found to be more supportive of Die Linke. The article concludes in favour of a policy-proximity explanation but suggests the party’s well-established nature may have altered voters’ policy preferences, potentially leaving a reverse causal relationship and leaving in doubt the role of policy-proximity on radical left support.
Trends in metabolic indicators and microvascular complications in Chinese adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: A retrospective, single-centre study of twenty-years
Authors: Shi Lintao , Xue Jing , Zhao Weibo , Cheng Yuxia , Wang Jianjun , Xu Zhangrong , Wang Aihong
Published: June 2023

Background

The purpose of this study is to assess metabolic indicators and trends in microvascular complications among Chinese adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes during 2000–2020.

Methods

3,907 patients were included and divided into three groups according to a time period of 7 years. This study analyzed trends in proportions of patients reached therapeutic targets of blood glucose, pressure and lipids, and trends in albuminuria, retinopathy, and peripheral neuropathy.

Results

In the past 20 years, the age of adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes tended to be younger, and the proportion of female patients increased. There seemed no improvements in blood glucose and pressure. The rate of awareness and treatment on target of hypertension was less than 50%. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence of retinopathy, but no changes in nephropathy or peripheral neuropathy. Complications were more common for patients who were smoker, male, or with hypertension and obesity.

Conclusions

Over the past two decades, there have been encouraging reductions in retinopathy in Chinese adults with newly diagnosed diabetes, but no significant change in albuminuria and peripheral neuropathy. It may be related to the low awareness of diabetes and insufficient controlled blood glucose, pressure and lipids on target.
Extension of life span by down-regulation of enzymes catalyzing tryptophan conversion into kynurenine: Possible implications for mechanisms of aging
Authors: Oxenkrug Gregory , Navrotska Valeriya
Published: June 2023

The end products of catabolism of tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, are known to affect mechanism(s) of aging, a neurodegenerative condition. This review focuses on the possible role of the initial step of Trp catabolism, kynurenine (Kyn) formation from Trp, in aging mechanism(s). Rate-limiting enzymes of Trp conversion into Kyn are tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (TDO) or indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Aging is associated with up-regulated production of cortisol, an activator of TDO, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducers of IDO. The other rate-limiting enzyme of Kyn formation from Trp is ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that regulates Trp availability as a substrate for TDO. Inhibitors of TDO (alpha-methyl tryptophan) and ABC transporter (5-methyltryptophan) extended life span of wild-type Drosophila. Life span prolongation was observed in TDO knockdown of Caenorhabditis elegans and in TDO or ABC transporter–deficient Drosophila mutants. Down-regulation of enzymes catalyzing Kyn conversion into kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine decreases life span. Considering that down-regulation of Methuselah (MTH) gene prolonged life span, aging-accelerating effect of KYNA, a GPR35/MTH agonist, might depend on MTH gene activation. Mice treated with TDO inhibitor, benserazide, an ingredient of anti-Parkinson medication carbidopa, and TDO-deficient Drosophila mutants were resistant to inducement of aging-associated Metabolic Syndrome by high-sugar or high-fat diets. Up-regulation of Kyn formation was associated with accelerated aging and increased mortality in human subjects. Trp–Kyn pathway is evolutionary conserved (from yeasts, through insects, worms, vertebrates to humans). Further studies might explore possible antiaging effect of down-regulation of Kyn formation from Trp by dietary, pharmacological, and genetic interventions.
“I’m Really Glad that You’re Doing this Research”. Qualitative Research Involving Doctors With Lived Experience of Mental Health or Substance Use Challenges in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Bradfield Owen M. , Spittal Matthew J. , Bismark Marie M.
Published: June 2023

Background

Doctors with a history of mental health or substance use challenges face barriers accessing treatment and are difficult to recruit for research. This makes understanding their experiences challenging, yet essential. Overcoming barriers to research participation among unwell doctors is critical to advancing their overall health and wellbeing.

Methods

A qualitative interview study of 21 allegedly impaired doctors in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand who were subject to regulatory processes relating to their health. Based in an interpretative phenomenological paradigm, this paper examines participants’ motivations for participation in this study and their reactions to participating. It highlights wider implications for sensitive research involving doctors and marginalised groups.

Results

Participants were strongly motivated to participate in our research for their own benefit (desire to be heard, catharsis, and empowerment) and to benefit others (to change the system, and to avoid other doctors experiencing what they experienced). Careful planning and communication of unique legal risks fostered a trusting researcher-participant relationship. To assist other researchers undertaking sensitive qualitative research with vulnerable participants, we describe our research protocol, challenges, and successes in detail.

Conclusions

Despite ethical concerns about research risk, researchers can and should pursue qualitative research into the experiences of under-represented groups, including allegedly impaired doctors. Without involving them in research that examines issues directly impacting on them, we may be inadvertently perpetuating the barriers and stigma that also hinder them from accessing treatment and support. This also deprives us of knowledge that can be used to improve doctors’ health. This paper has broader relevance for anyone doing research with doctors, people in vulnerable positions, people disempowered by institutional or social systems, people who are stigmatised or shamed, and people who have experienced trauma.
Language switching when writing: The role of phonological and orthographic overlap
Authors: Roembke Tanja C , Koch Iring , Philipp Andrea M
Published: June 2023

While language switching of bilinguals has been investigated extensively in the spoken domain, there has been little research on switching while writing. The factors that impact written language switching may differ from those that impact language switching while speaking. Thus, the study’s goal was to test to what extent phonological and/or orthographic overlap impacts written language switching. In four experiments (NExp.1 = 34; NExp. 2 = 57; NExp. 3 = 39; NExp. 4 = 39), German–English bilinguals completed a cued language switching task where responses had to be typed. To-be-named translation-equivalent concepts were selected to be similar phonologically, orthographically or neither. Participants switching between languages while writing was facilitated by both phonological and orthographic overlap. Maximum orthographic overlap between translation-equivalent words with dissimilar pronunciations facilitated switching to the extent that no switch costs could be observed. These results imply that overlapping orthography can strongly facilitate written language switching and that orthography’s role should be considered more thoroughly in models of bilingual language production.
B12 deficiency
Authors: Hemingway Dr Claire , Howson Dr William
Published: June 2023

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency is an important cause of macrocytic anaemia. It often presents insidiously, with some patients developing neurological and psychiatric sequalae. Pernicious anaemia is the most common cause of B12 deficiency in the Western world. However, with rising numbers of strict vegans, an ageing population and patients undergoing bariatric surgery, clinicians need to be aware of other causes and likely patient groups who may present with features of B12 deficiency.
Novartis Oncology Spain: Agile innovation and the RWE cell
Authors: Busquets Javier , Ramírez-Peinado Silvia , Peiró Manel , Camacho Marta
Published: June 2023

Healthcare and life science companies are transforming their business models from product development toward precision medicine. Vasant Narasimhan was appointed in 2018 as the new CEO of Novartis—a global pharma company. He champions a multi-faceted strategic intent: 1) transform the company from “selling pills” to investing heavily in discovering of new treatments that combine life sciences and digital technologies. In Spain, José Marcilla, the Director General of Novartis Oncology, pioneered an organizational transformation by developing (1) a cell-based innovation organization and process and (2) a new startup accelerator. This case explores both initiatives and their far-reaching consequences. The “Spanish experiment” helped to develop of digital services that reach the patient in a highly regulated environment. This duo of cases—Novartis Oncology Spain: Agile Innovation and The RWE (real wold evidence) Cell—gives students the opportunity to examine the motivations behind the transformation at Novartis, explore the implementation of its strategic intent, and ask what is the appropriate pace for such a dramatic change. The case is taught as a single class for decision-making regarding which cells and startups are suitable to be continued given the innovation horizons. By walking with students through these innovation horizons, the case enables decisions to be made about whether this pioneering Spanish program should be continued or not.