bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of Pesticides from Lemon and Vegetables Using Electrolyzed Water Kitchen Devices
Authors: Studziński Waldemar , Narloch Izabela , Dąbrowski Łukasz
Published: December 2024

The possibility of using kitchen electrolyzed water devices (EWDs) for removing residual concentrations of pesticides (malathion, fenitrothion, and p,p′-DDT) from lemon, cucumber, and carrot surfaces was tested. Three commercial devices with different parameters were tested, and their effectiveness was compared with traditional washing methods using water. Based on the results, it was found that by using EWDs, the best removal of water-soluble pesticides was achieved with malathion and fenitrothion (reduction of up to 80%). The worst effectiveness was observed for lipophilic DDT, where a reduction of 20 to 40% was noted. Traditional methods proved to be more effective for removing DDT. Our studies have shown that EWDs can effectively remove pesticide residues; however, further studies should be conducted on a wider spectrum of pesticides and the process should be optimized.
Study on the Chemical Characterization and Hypolipidemic Function of Nelumbo nucifera Based on Its Flavonoid Components
Authors: Yang Leyi , Zhou Chang , Huang Rong , Cai Yuan , Liu Bin , Yu Mimi , Jiang Yanyan
Published: December 2024

Nelumbo nucifera has great value and development prospects in hypolipidemic applications. In this study, we comprehensively screened out multi–index components relevant to the quality of N. nucifera based on the hypolipidemic function of the flavonoid fraction of N. nucifera (FFN) combined with chemical characterizations. Firstly, in vitro antioxidant and cell experiments evaluated the hypolipidemic function of the FFN. Secondly, the chemical compositions of N. nucifera were identified by UPLS–MSn technology. Then, the multi–index flavonoid components (rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercetin–3–O–β–D–glucuronide, astragalin, and quercetin) were determined using a quantitative fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical data analysis. Finally, the quality of N. nucifera was scientifically evaluated by multi–index quantitative analysis combined with multivariate statistical data analysis, which was used to study the relationship between the content of flavonoid components and the overall quality. The above–mentioned research lays a material foundation for improving the quality standards of N. nucifera, providing a basis for developing functional foods to improve dyslipidemia.
A Novel Platform Featuring Nanomagnetic Ligand Fishing Based on Fixed-Orientation Immobilized Magnetic Beads for Screening Potential Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors from Panax notoginseng Leaves
Authors: Zhang Fan , Sun Fan , Yu Lequan , Li Fei , Liu Lixia , Cao Xiaoyan , Zhang Yi , Wu Lijie
Published: December 2024

A novel screening platform based on an Fe3O4@C@PDA-Ni2+@COX-2 ligand fishing combination with high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was first designed, synthesized, and employed to screen and identify COX-2 inhibitors from Panax notoginseng leaves. The obtained magnetic nanoparticles exhibit outstanding preconcentration ability that allows for controlling the enzyme orientation to avoid enzyme active site blocking, conformational changes, or denaturing during immobilization. The as-prepared Fe3O4@C@PDA-Ni2+@COX-2 composite was carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), Xray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Zeta potential analysis. The analytical parameters influencing the magnetic solid-phase fishing efficiency were optimized by univariate and multivariate methods (Box–Behnken design) by testing a positive control and celecoxib with active and inactive COX-2. Under the optimized ligand fishing conditions, twelve potential COX-2 inhibitors were screened and characterized in Panax notoginseng leaves. The results indicate that the proposed method provides a simple, feasible, selective, and effective platform for the efficient screening and identification of active compounds from Chinese herbal medicine. It has guiding significance for the synthesis and development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs, and provides a reference for the efficient discovery of anti-inflammatory drugs or lead compounds from the complex system of Chinese herbal medicine.
Reproductive Toxicity of Nanomaterials Using Silver Nanoparticles and Drosophila as Models
Authors: Alaraby Mohamed , Abass Doaa , Gutiérrez Javier , Velázquez Antonia , Hernández Alba , Marcos Ricard
Published: December 2024

Reproductive toxicity is of special concern among the harmful effects induced by environmental pollutants; consequently, further studies on such a topic are required. To avoid the use of mammalians, lower eukaryotes like Drosophila are viable alternatives. This study addresses the gap in understanding the link between reproductive adverse outcomes and the presence of pollutants in reproductive organs by using Drosophila. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were selected for their ease of internalization, detection, and widespread environmental presence. Both male and female flies were exposed to AgNPs (28 ± 4 nm, 100 and 400 µg/mL) for one week. Internalization and bioaccumulation of AgNPs in organs were assessed using transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Substantial accumulation of AgNPs in the gastrointestinal tract, Malpighian tubules, hemolymph, reproductive organs (ovaries and testes), and gametes were observed. The highest AgNP content was observed in testes. Exposure to AgNPs reduced ovary size and fecundity, though fertility and gender ratios of the offspring were unaffected. Significant deregulation of reproductive-related genes was observed, particularly in males. These findings underscore the utility of Drosophila as a model for evaluating reproductive hazards posed by AgNP exposure. The ease of AgNP internalization in Drosophila reproductive targets could be extrapolated to mammalians, raising concerns about the potential impacts of nanoparticle exposure on reproduction toxicity in humans.
Comparative Study of Potassium Ion-Selective Electrodes with Solid Contact: Impact of Intermediate Layer Material on Temperature Resistance
Authors: Morawska Klaudia , Malinowski Szymon , Wardak Magdalena , Wardak Cecylia
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comparative study on the temperature resistance of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes, depending on the type of solid-contact material. Five types of potassium electrodes, with a valinomycin-based model membrane, were developed using different types of mediation layers, namely a conductive polymer (poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and a perinone polymer), multi-walled carbon nanotubes, copper(II) oxide nanoparticles, and a nanocomposite consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and copper(II) oxide. We examined how the measurement temperature (10 °C, 23 °C, and 36 °C) affects the sensitivity, measurement range, detection limit, selectivity, as well as the stability and reversibility of the electrode potential. Electrodes modified with a nanocomposite (GCE/NC/ISM) and a perinone polymer (GCE/PPer/ISM) showed the best resistance to temperature changes. An almost Nernst response and a stable measurement range and the lowest detection limit values for each temperature were obtained for them. The introduction of mediation layers significantly improved the stability and potential reversibility of all the modified electrodes relative to the unmodified electrode (GCE/ISM). Still, it was the GCE/PPer/ISM and GCE/NC/ISM that stood out from the others, with stability of 0.11 and 0.12 µV/s for 10 °C, 0.05 and 0.08 µV/s for 23 °C, and 0.06 and 0.09 µV/s for 36 °C, respectively.
Novel Lipid-Based Carriers of Provitamin D3: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Acylglycerol Conjugated with 7-Dehydrocholesterol Residue and Its Glycerophospholipid Analogue
Authors: Gładkowski Witold , Ortlieb Susanna , Niezgoda Natalia , Chojnacka Anna , Fortuna Paulina , Wiercik Paweł
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research was to design and synthesize new lipid conjugates of 7-DHC that could serve as a new storage form of esterified provitamin D3, increasing the reservoir of this biomolecule in the epidermis and enabling controlled production of vitamin D3 even during periods of sunlight deficiency. Acylglycerol and glycerophospholipid containing succinate-linked provitamin D3 at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone were synthesized from dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and sn-glycerophosphocholine (GPC), respectively. The three-step synthesis of 1,3-dipalmitoyl-2-(7-dehydrocholesterylsuccinoyl)glycerol involved the esterification of DHA with palmitic acid, reduction of the carbonyl group, and conjugation of the resulting 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol with 7-dehydrocholesterol hemisuccinate (7-DHC HS). The use of NaBH3CN as a reducing agent was crucial to avoid acyl migration and achieve the final product with 100% regioisomeric purity. For the preparation of 1-palmitoyl-2-(7-dehydrocholesterylsuccinoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a two-step process was applied, involving the esterification of GPC at the sn-1 position with palmitic acid, followed by the conjugation of 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine with 7-DHC HS. Alongside the main product, a small amount of its regioisomer with provitamin D3 linked at the sn-1 position and palmitic acid at the sn-2 position was detected, indicating acyl migration from the sn-1 to the sn-2 position in the intermediate 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphocholine. The synthesized novel lipids were fully characterized using spectroscopic methods. They can find applications as novel lipid-based prodrugs as additives to sunscreen creams.
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Potential Multifunctional Agents in Cosmetic Formulations Used for Supporting the Treatment of Selected Dermatoses
Authors: Kabat Małgorzata , Popiół Justyna , Gunia-Krzyżak Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

Cinnamic acid and its natural derivatives were primarily used in cosmetics as fragrance materials as well as skin and hair conditioners. Nowadays, not only natural but also synthetic cinnamic acid derivatives are used as active ingredients of cosmetic formulations. They still serve as fragrance ingredients but also as active ingredients supporting the treatment of selected dermatoses such as acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, and hyperpigmentation. They are also commonly used in anti-aging cosmetic formulations. On the other hand, several cinnamic acid derivatives used as fragrances in cosmetic products are classified as potential allergens which can cause contact dermatitis. The main mechanisms of action proved for various cinnamic acid derivatives include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antimelanogenic properties. Most commonly used cinnamic acid derivatives in cosmetics products are hydroxy acids such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid. Chemical synthesis led to several modified acids, esters, and amides, which also showed the potential to be used in cosmetic formulations.
Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Cyanostilbene-Based Liquid Crystals: Self-Assembly, Photophysical Property, and Multiresponsive Behavior
Authors: Li Bian , Zhang Junde , Wang Juan , Chen Xiaofang
Published: December 2024

Cyanostilbene (CS)-related conjugated groups can be considered as dual functional groups of AIEgen and mesogen to construct photoluminescent liquid crystals, and it is essential to study the relationship between their molecular structures and compound properties systematically. In this paper, we designed and synthesized linear and bent-shaped CS derivatives containing ester- and amide-connecting groups and different substituted numbers of alkoxy tails. Their phase behaviors and photophysical properties were investigated in depth. The bent-shaped compounds with the mono-substituted alkoxy tail exhibit a smectic C structure, and those containing two or three alkoxy tails possess a hexagonal columnar phase structure. The compounds exhibit aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/water mixtures. When the water fraction increases to a certain threshold, a dramatic increase in emission intensity and a red-shift in the fluorescence emission peak are detected. The emission peaks of the ester-type compounds in solid states are around 480 nm, and those of the amide-type compounds are extended to 590 nm, exhibiting versatile luminescent colors. Moreover, thermochromic and photochromic fluorescence-responsive properties are witnessed in these CS derivatives. This work provides a new strategy for the design and synthesis of fluorescent liquid crystalline materials with multiple response properties.
Ga2O3-Based Optoelectronic Memristor and Memcapacitor Synapse for In-Memory Sensing and Computing Applications
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Kim Jeong-Hyeon , Lee Seung Hun , Lee Sung-Nam
Published: December 2024

This study presents the fabrication and characterization of a dual-functional Pt/Ga2O3/Pt optoelectronic synaptic device, capable of operating as both a memristor and a memcapacitor. We detail the optimized radio frequency (RF) sputtering parameters, including a base pressure of 8.7 × 10−7 Torr, RF power of 100 W, working pressure of 3 mTorr, and the use of high-purity Ga2O3 and Pt targets. These precisely controlled conditions facilitated the formation of an amorphous Ga2O3 thin film, as confirmed by XRD and AFM analyses, which demonstrated notable optical and electrical properties, including light absorption properties in the visible spectrum. The device demonstrated distinct resistive and capacitive switching behaviors, with memory characteristics highly dependent on the wavelength of the applied light. Ultraviolet (365 nm) exposure facilitated long-term memory retention, while visible light (660 nm) supported short-term memory behavior. Paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) measurements revealed that capacitance showed slower decay rates than EPSC, suggesting a more stable memory performance due to the dynamics of carrier trapping and detrapping at the insulator interface. Learning simulations further highlighted the efficiency of these devices, with improved memory retention upon repeated exposure to UV light pulses. Visual encoding simulations on a 3 × 3 pixel array also demonstrated effective multi-level memory storage using varying light intensities. These findings suggest that Ga2O3-based memristor and memcapacitor devices have significant potential for neuromorphic applications, offering tunable memory performance across various wavelengths from ultraviolet to red.
Controlling the Optical and Electrical Properties of Perovskite Films and Enhancing Solar Cell Performance Using the Photonic Curing Process
Authors: Slimani Moulay Ahmed , Wadhwa Arjun , Gerlein Luis Felipe , Benavides-Guerrero Jaime A. , Taherian Mohamad Hassan , Izquierdo Ricardo , Cloutier Sylvain G.
Published: December 2024

The most common method of processing metal oxide and perovskite thin films in the laboratory is thermal annealing (TA), which is a constraint for the commercialization of large-scale perovskite solar cells. Here, we present a photonic curing (PC) process to produce fully photonically annealed perovskite cells—a fast process with well-controlled, short light pulses—to develop perovskite photovoltaic devices with high efficiency. We also demonstrate how to use the parameters of the photonic annealing system to control the optical, electrical, morphological, and structural properties of perovskite layers for photovoltaic device applications. The effect of PC treatment on the microstructure, granularity, and electronic properties was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL), and transient photocurrent (TPC). The degree of conversion of the perovskite precursor and its influence on the electronic structure have been identified. SnO2 and perovskite films were treated with a single pulse and produced PCE comparable to control samples treated by TA.
The Photomodification Method Allows for Determining the Composition of the Full and Soft Protein Corona on the Lipid Surface of Composite Nanoparticles
Authors: Epanchintseva Anna V. , Baranova Svetlana V. , Poletaeva Julia E. , Tupitsyna Anastasiya V. , Ryabchikova Elena I. , Dovydenko Ilya S.
Published: December 2024

A protein corona (PC) is formed and maintained on the surface of any nanoparticle (NP) introduced into biological media. The full PC is formed by a hard and soft corona, and the latter determines the nature of the interaction of NPs with cells and the body’s liquids. Nanomedicines are becoming increasingly important in modern health services, making information about the composition of PCs on the surface of NPs critically important for “managing” the behavior of nano-objects in the body. Currently, only a few studies report on the composition of the complete PC, since the isolation and preservation of the soft corona on the surface of the NP is extremely difficult. Recently, we proposed for the first time a photomodification method to fix PCs on the lipid surface of composite NPs, along with their isolation and purification. In this work, using tandem mass spectrometry, we successively determined the composition of the hard and full corona on the lipid surface of composite NPs, and we also identified the composition of the soft corona. To test the method, we changed the composition of the medium whose proteins formed the soft corona, and we found changes in its composition.
Additive Manufacturing of Binary and Ternary Oxide Systems Using Two-Photon Polymerization and Low-Temperature Sintering
Authors: El Aadad Halima , El Hamzaoui Hicham , Quiquempois Yves , Douay Marc
Published: December 2024

Multicomponent oxide systems have many applications in different fields such as optics and medicine. In this work, we developed new hybrid photoresists based on a combination of an organic acrylate resin and an inorganic sol, suitable for 3D printing via two-photon polymerization (2PP). The inorganic sol contained precursors of a binary SiO2-CaO or a ternary SiO2-CaO-P2O5 system. Complex microstructures were 3D printed using these hybrid photoresists and 2PP. The obtained materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Our results revealed that the produced microstructures were able to endure sintering at 700 °C without collapsing, leading to scaffolds with 235 and 355 nm resolution and pore size, respectively. According to the TGA analysis, there was no significant mass loss beyond 600 °C. After sintering at 500 °C, the FTIR spectra showed the disappearance of the characteristic bands associated with the organic phase, and the presence of bands characteristic of the binary and ternary oxide systems and carbonate groups. The SEM images showed different morphologies of agglomerated nanoparticles with mean sizes of about 20 and 60 nm for ternary and binary systems, respectively. Our findings open the way towards precise control of bioglass scaffold fabrication with tremendous design flexibility.
Theoretical Analysis of Contact Angle and Contact Angle Hysteresis of Wenzel Drops on Superhydrophobic Surfaces
Authors: Li Yufeng , Liu Junyan , Dong Jialong , Du Yufeng , Han Jinchun , Niu Yuanyuan
Published: December 2024

Although understanding the wetting behavior of solid surfaces is crucial for numerous engineering applications, the mechanisms driving the motion of Wenzel drops on rough surfaces remain incompletely clarified. In this study, the contact angle and contact angle hysteresis of Wenzel drops on superhydrophobic surfaces are investigated from a thermodynamic perspective. The free energy of the system is theoretically analyzed, thereby determining the equilibrium contact angle. Based on the sessile drop method, the relationship between the free energy barrier and the drop volume is calculated quantitatively, enabling the determination of advancing and receding contact angles under zero free energy barrier conditions. The theoretical calculations agree well with the experimental data. These findings enhance the understanding of the interfacial interactions between Wenzel drops and superhydrophobic surfaces.
Obesity, Osteoarthritis, and Myokines: Balancing Weight Management Strategies, Myokine Regulation, and Muscle Health
Authors: Timofte Daniel Vasile , Tudor Razvan Cosmin , Mocanu Veronica , Labusca Luminita
Published: December 2024

Obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) are increasingly prevalent conditions that are intricately linked, with each exacerbating the other’s pathogenesis and worsening patient outcomes. This review explores the dual impact of obesity on OA, highlighting the role of excessive weight in aggravating joint degeneration and the limitations OA imposes on physical activity, which further perpetuates obesity. The role of muscle tissue, particularly the release of myokines during physical activity, is examined in the context of OA and obesity. Myokines such as irisin, IL-6, and myostatin are discussed for their roles in metabolic regulation, inflammation, and tissue repair, offering insights into their potential therapeutic targets. This review emphasizes the importance of supervised weight management methods in parallel with muscle rehabilitation in improving joint health and metabolic balance. The potential for myokine modulation through targeted exercise and weight loss interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of obesity and OA is also discussed, suggesting avenues for future research and therapy development to reduce the burden of these chronic conditions.
Composition of Human-Associated Gut Microbiota Determines 3-DF and 3-HF Anti-Colitic Activity in IL-10 -/- Mice
Authors: Haro-Reyes Jose , Raghupathi Jayaprakash Kanijam , Reddivari Lavanya
Published: December 2024

Background: Gut bacterial dysbiosis along with intestinal mucosal disruption plays a critical role in inflammatory disorders like ulcerative colitis. Flavonoids and other food bioactives have been studied in mice models as alternative treatments with minimal side effects. However, most of the research has been carried out with mice-native microbiota, which limits the comprehension of the interaction between flavonoids and human-associated bacteria. Hence, the objective of our study was to determine the effect of healthy human-associated microbiota on the anti-colitic activity of diets rich in anthocyanins (3-HF) and phlobaphenes (3-DF). Methods: In this regard, the interleukin (IL)-10 -/- mice model was utilized. Mice were divided into three groups for inoculation with human gut bacteria from three different healthy donors and assigned to four diets. A purified diet (Diet P) and three diets containing 25% near-isogenic lines (NILs) of corn were evaluated. Diets were substituted with NILs expressing only 3-DFs (diet B), only 3-HFs (diet C), and both 3-DF and 3-HF (diet D). Results: In an overall analysis, flavonoid-rich diets did not affect inflammatory markers, microbiota diversity, or gut metabolites, but diets containing anthocyanins improved barrier function parameters. However, when data was segmented by the recipient’s microbiota from different human donors, the diet effects became significant. Furthermore, 3-HFs showed more beneficial effects than 3-DFs across the recipient’s microbiota. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the anti-colitic activity of 3-DF and 3-HF and their gut metabolites depends on the donor’s microbial composition.
Risk Factors for Long-Term Nutritional Disorders One Year After COVID-19: A Post Hoc Analysis of COVID-19 Recovery Study II
Authors: Kawabata Keiichiro , Nakamura Kensuke , Kanda Naoki , Hemmi Muneaki , Suganuma Shinya , Muto Yoko , Iba Arisa , Hori Miyuki , Hosozawa Mariko , Iso Hiroyasu
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: COVID-19 patients develop various clinical symptoms, including malnutrition. However, the risk factors for long-term nutritional disorders remain unclear. Identifying these factors is crucial for preventing nutritional disorders by initiating early nutritional interventions. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of COVID-19 Recovery Study II (CORESII). The study included adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and discharged from the hospital. Information, including post-COVID-19 symptoms one month after onset and changes in daily life during the first year, was collected using a self-administered questionnaire sent one year after hospital discharge. We examined the association between baseline characteristics, disease severity, and symptoms that persisted one month after onset with malnutrition disorders one year after onset, defined as a Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool score ≥1, using a logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 1081 patients (mean age of 56.0 years; 34% females; 38% admitted to the intensive care unit) were analyzed. Of these patients, 266 patients (24.6%) had malnutrition one year after onset. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis using variables that were significant in a univariate logistic regression analysis, the following factors were independently associated with malnutrition: BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)], 48.9 [14.3–168]), 18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 20 (10.5 [5.89–18.8]), 30 < BMI (2.64 [1.84–3.75]), length of hospital stay (1.01 [1.00–1.02]), maintenance dialysis (3.19 [1.19–8.61]), and difficulty concentrating one month after onset (1.73 [1.07–2.79]). Conclusions: Being underweight or obese, prolonged hospitalization, maintenance dialysis, and difficulty concentrating one month after onset were associated with a risk of malnutrition one year post-illness. Patients with these factors may be at a high risk of long-term nutritional disorders.
From Olive Oil Lovers to Mediterranean Diet Lifestyle Followers: Consumption Pattern Segmentation in the Portuguese Context
Authors: Chkoniya Valentina , Gregório Maria João , Filipe Sandra , Graça Pedro
Published: December 2024

The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO; it is also the world’s most evidence-based eating pattern for promoting health and longevity. This study aims to investigate consumer segmentation based on consumption patterns and identify barriers to adherence to MedDiet. Data were collected in 2020 by telephonic survey based on PREDIMED, using a quota sampling technique by socio-demographic variables, such as gender, age, and regional representation of the Portuguese population. The final sample was composed of a total of 1000 respondents. The main results show that regardless of the awareness of the MedDiet (62%), Portugal witnessed a loss of the traditional MedDiet, with the exception of the stand-out statistic that 95% of respondents still use of olive oil as the main culinary fat. Five segments were identified: (1) MedDiet lifestyle followers (11%), (2) olive oil lovers (20%), (3) low-sugar diet foods seekers (11%), (4) healthy and balanced diet seekers (28%), and (5) low-fat diet foods seekers (30%). The main barriers to adhering to the MedDiet include lack of knowledge about the MedDiet, education level, financial comfort, and specific food preference, which by segment are: (1) being passionate about soda drinks, (2) an excess of sweets, (3) low level of pasta consumption, and a (5) lack of fruit, vegetables, and legumes. Segment (4) holds a leading position in MedDiet adherence. The main obstacle to consuming fish is its high price, taste, and challenges in cooking it. When it comes to bread and oleaginous nuts, the belief that these foods are “fattening” reduces consumption. Results help to tailor education strategy and increase adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle.
Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Attenuate the Effect of Poor Sleep Patterns on Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Prospective Study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Lin Xia , Lv Jiali , Zhang Shuai , Ma Xiaoyan , Zhang Xiaofeng , Wang Cheng , Zhang Tao
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of modifiable lifestyle behaviors on the association between sleep patterns and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk. Methods: This study included 294,215 UK Biobank participants initially without CKD, followed until 13 October 2023. Sleep patterns were derived from five sleep factors, including sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, snoring, and daytime dozing. The healthy lifestyle score (HLS) was newly calculated based on smoking status, physical activity, diet, body mass index, and mental health. Cox’s proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between sleep patterns, HLS, and CKD risk. Results: A total of 17,357 incident CKD cases were identified during a median follow-up of 14.5 (interquartile range: 13.7–15.3) years. Both sleep patterns and HLS were independently associated with increased CKD risk (p-trend < 0.001). Importantly, the HLS was found to modify the association between sleep patterns and CKD risk (p-interaction = 0.026). Among participants with a low HLS, medium (HR = 1.12; 95% CI 1.05–1.19) and poor sleep patterns (HR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.17–1.30) increased CKD risk to varying degrees, whereas no significant association was observed for a high HLS. Moreover, the combination of a low HLS and poor sleep pattern significantly increased the risk of incident CKD (HR = 2.19; 95% CI 2.00–2.40). Conclusions: A high HLS may significantly reduce CKD risk associated with poor sleep, whereas a low HLS may exacerbate this risk. These findings underscore the critical importance of lifestyle interventions as a primary prevention strategy for CKD.
Socio-Demographic Determinant Factors for Serum Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Selenium Concentrations Among U.S. Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Peng Anqi , Hu Peipei , Shi Chutian , Vinturache Angela , Ding Guodong , Zhang Yongjun
Published: December 2024

Background: Trace elements (TEs) are essential nutrients for the human body and have a significant impact on fertility and hormone levels in women of reproductive age, underscoring the importance of understanding sociodemographic variations in their concentrations within this population. Objective: To investigate the socio-demographic factors influencing blood concentrations of four essential TEs, including iron, zinc, copper, and selenium among women of reproductive age. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of women aged 20–44 years was performed using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2018. Serum iron data were analyzed for 9211 women across 10 cycles, while serum copper, zinc, and selenium data were available for 1027 women across 3 cycles. Generalized linear and logistic regressions examined the individual associations of socio-demographic factors, including age, race and ethnicity, education, and poverty index ratio, with iron, zinc, copper, and selenium concentrations treated as continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. A qualitative heatmap explored the joint associations between the socio-demographic factors and the four essential TEs. Results: Reduced iron concentrations and increased risks of insufficiency occurred in older, Black, low-education, or low-income women. Black women were more likely to have lower zinc and selenium concentrations and an increased risk of zinc insufficiency but higher copper concentrations. The qualitative heatmap found that older, Black, low-education, and low-income women generally had lower concentrations of the four TEs, particularly iron (β = −0.10; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Socially disadvantaged women are more likely to present with lower TE concentrations, and these specific population groups should be targeted by replenishment planning by public health initiatives.
Revisiting the Role of Carnitine in Heart Disease Through the Lens of the Gut Microbiota
Authors: Demarquoy Jean
Published: December 2024

L-Carnitine, sourced from red meat, dairy, and endogenous synthesis, plays a vital role in fatty acid metabolism and energy production. While beneficial for cardiovascular, muscular, and neural health, its interaction with the gut microbiota and conversion into trimethylamine (TMA) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) raise concerns about heart health. TMAO, produced through the gut-microbial metabolism of L-carnitine and subsequent liver oxidation, is associated with cardiovascular risks, including atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and stroke. It contributes to cholesterol deposition, vascular dysfunction, and platelet aggregation. Omnivorous diets, rich in L-carnitine, are associated with higher TMAO levels compared to plant-based diets, which are linked to lower cardiovascular disease risks. Dietary interventions, such as increasing fiber, polyphenols, and probiotics, can modulate the gut microbiota to reduce TMAO production. These strategies seek to balance L-carnitine’s benefits with its potential risks related to TMAO production. Future research should focus on personalized approaches to optimize L-carnitine use while mitigating its cardiovascular impacts, exploring microbial modulation and dietary strategies to minimize the TMAO levels and associated risks.
High Meat Intake and Ferritin Levels in Relation to Cardiovascular Risk Among Individuals with Diabetes in Mongolia
Authors: Galsanjigmed Narkhajid , Nordog Munkhuchral , Khasag Altaisaikhan , Tsogbadrakh Odgerel , Byambasukh Oyuntugs , Altangerel Otgonbat
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Mongolian diets are characterized by high meat consumption, which may contribute to dietary iron intake and influence ferritin levels and cardiovascular risk. Elevated ferritin levels have been associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in various populations; however, the specific effects of high meat intake and ferritin levels on CVD risk in Mongolian individuals with diabetes remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between meat intake, ferritin levels, and cardiovascular risk markers in a diabetic Mongolian population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 171 Mongolian adults with diabetes. Meat intake was assessed using 24 h dietary recall interviews, and participants were categorized into tertiles of low, medium, and high intake. Blood samples were collected to measure ferritin, lipid profiles, and other CVD markers. The Framingham Risk Score was calculated for each participant. Results: Participants in the highest tertile of meat intake exhibited significantly elevated ferritin levels compared to those in the lower tertiles (275.6 ng/mL vs. 119.6 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Elevated ferritin levels were observed in 40% of participants and were associated with higher LDL cholesterol (3.75 vs. 3.22 mmol/L, p = 0.002), total cholesterol (5.63 vs. 5.2 mmol/L, p = 0.012), and Framingham Risk Scores (13.97 vs. 11.4, p = 0.0001). However, ferritin levels showed no significant association with other cardiovascular or inflammatory markers, including BMI, HbA1c, CRP, and IL-6 (p > 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that ferritin partially mediated the relationship between meat intake and cardiovascular risk (beta coefficient = 0.539, p = 0.001), though the indirect effect was not statistically significant. Interaction analysis indicated no significant effect modification of meat intake and ferritin levels on cardiovascular risk (p = 0.844). Conclusions: In this diabetic Mongolian population, high meat intake was associated with elevated ferritin levels, which may have reflected dietary iron intake rather than systemic inflammation or increased CVD risk.
Magnesium Supplementation Modifies Arthritis Synovial and Splenic Transcriptomic Signatures Including Ferroptosis and Cell Senescence Biological Pathways
Authors: Laragione Teresina , Harris Carolyn , Gulko Pércio S.
Published: December 2024

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease that can cause joint damage. We have recently reported that oral magnesium supplementation significantly reduces disease severity and joint damage in models of RA. Methods: In the present study, we analyzed the transcriptome of spleens and synovial tissues obtained from mice with KRN serum-induced arthritis (KSIA) consuming either a high Mg supplemented diet (Mg2800; n = 7) or a normal diet (Mg500; n = 7). Tissues were collected at the end of a 15-day KSIA experiment. RNA was extracted and used for sequencing and analyses. Results: There was an enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) belonging to Reactome and Gene Ontology (GO) pathways implicated in RA pathogenesis such as RHO GTPases, the RUNX1 pathway, oxidative stress-induced senescence, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Actc1 and Nr4a3 were among the genes with the highest expression, while Krt79 and Ffar2 were among the genes with the lowest expression in synovial tissues of the Mg2800 group compared with the Mg500 group. Spleens had an enrichment for the metabolism of folate and pterines and the HSP90 chaperone cycle for the steroid hormone receptor. Conclusions: We describe the tissue transcriptomic consequences of arthritis-protecting Mg supplementation in KSIA mice. These results show that oral Mg supplementation may interfere with the response to oxidative stress and senescence and other processes known to participate in RA pathogenesis. We provide new evidence supporting the disease-suppressing effect of increased Mg intake in arthritis and its potential to become a new addition to the therapeutic options for RA and other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Simple and Selective Determination of Free Chlorine in Aqueous Solutions by an Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction Followed by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Shifrovitch Avital , Madmon Moran , Shamai Yamin Tamar , Weissberg Avi
Published: December 2024

We developed a selective technique to rapidly measure free chlorine, which is the sum of elemental chlorine (Cl2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and hypochlorite (OCl−) in water samples via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction hyphenated with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Sample preparation involved derivatization at 25 °C for 15 min with 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid (TMPAA) in an aqueous solution prior to analysis. Several parameters were evaluated to determine the optimized reaction and for the production of informative MS/MS spectrum of the derivatization product, 2-chloro-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid (Cl-TMPAA). The resulting Cl-TMPAA derivative displayed an informative ESI-MS/MS spectrum characterized by product ions at m/z 232.0142, 200.0245, and 185.0009 from the precursor ion at m/z 259.0379. The linear dynamic range of the method (0.1–10 µg/mL) was fitted to concentration levels relevant to forensic toxicology issues. Compared with other analytical techniques, this newly established LC-MS-based method demonstrated specificity, simplicity, and rapidity. This method enables the detection of free chlorine for forensic investigations in criminal cases.
Impact of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) on Male and Female Fertility
Authors: Chenafi-Adham Sara , Boussetta-Charfi Oulfa , Pillet Sylvie , Bourlet Thomas
Published: December 2024

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for the majority of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), some of which are oncogenic and can cause oropharyngeal or genital cancers. The HPV prevalence at the genital level varies according to the population studied but is higher in the seminal fluid of men suffering from idiopathic infertility than in the general population. The involvement of HPV in male infertility is supported by several studies suggesting that this virus can affect sperm quality by altering sperm DNA integrity, motility, number, viability, and morphology, and by inducing the production of anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs). HPVs may also have an impact on female fertility, mainly by increasing the risk of miscarriage and premature delivery and by altering the implantation of endometrial trophoblastic cells. In addition, an association with vaginal bacterial dysbiosis, notably involving Gardnerella vaginalis, or co-infection with an STI agent, serves as an aggravating factor. The aim of this review is to present current data on the potential role of HPVs in male and female infertility, along with data on infertility prevention and treatment strategies and the impact of vaccination in this context.
Vaccination Schedule and Age Influence Impaired Responsiveness to Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Randomized Trial in Central Asia
Authors: Heisig Janyn , Nurmatov Zuridin Sh. , Riese Peggy , Trittel Stephanie , Sattarova Gulsunai J. , Temirbekova Saikal N. , Zhumagulova Gulnara Zh. , Nuridinova Zhanylai N. , Derkenbaeva Aisuluu A. , Arykbaeva Bubuzhan K. , Dzhangaziev Bakyt I. , Prokein Jana , Klopp Norman , Illig Thomas , Guzmán Carlos A. , Kasymov Omor T. , Akmatov Manas K. , Pessler Frank
Published: December 2024

Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most cost-efficient measure to prevent infection. Still, vaccination coverage among adults in Central Asia, including Kyrgyzstan, remains suboptimal, and data about immune responses to HBV vaccination are lacking. HBV vaccination is given as three injections, whereby the second and third doses are given 1 and 6 months after the first (0-1-6 scheme). However, compliance with the third dose is low in Kyrgyzstan, presumably due to the long time interval between the second and third doses, suggesting that a shortened vaccination schedule could result in better adherence and increased seroconversion. Thus, we conducted a randomized trial of individuals aged 17–66 years comparing the 0-1-6 scheme against a shorter 0-1-3 scheme. Primary outcome measures were post-vaccination titers and the percentage of participants with protective post-vaccination titers (≥10 mIU/mL). Compliance with the completeness of blood draws and administered third vaccine dose was better with the 0-1-3 scheme than with the 0-1-6 scheme. In both study arms combined, younger age (<40 years) was associated with better vaccine protection. The 0-1-6 scheme resulted in higher post-vaccination titers (52 versus 15 mIU/mL, p = 0.002) and a higher seroprotection rate (85% versus 64%, p = 0.01) than the 0-1-3 scheme, whereby post-vaccination titers correlated negatively with age in the 0-1-3 scheme. Thus, the 0-1-6 scheme should continue to be the preferred HBV vaccination schedule, but interventions to improve compliance with the third vaccine dose are needed.
Identification and Genome Sequencing of Novel Virulent Strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Causing Rice Bacterial Blight in Zhejiang, China
Authors: Liang Weifang , Zhou Yuhang , Xu Zhongtian , Li Yiyuan , Chen Xinyu , Yu Chulang , Hou Fan , Dai Binfeng , Zhong Liequan , Bi Ji-An , Xie Liujie , Yan Chengqi , Chen Jianping , Yang Yong
Published: December 2024

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is the causative agent of rice bacterial blight (RBB), resulting in substantial harvest losses and posing a challenge to maintaining a stable global supply. In this study, Xoo strains isolated from Shaoxing, Quzhou, and Taizhou, where RBB occurred most frequently in Zhejiang Province in 2019, were selected as the subjects of research. Three isolated pathogenic bacteria of ZXooS (from Shaoxing), ZXooQ (from Quzhou), and ZXooT (from Taizhou) were all identified as novel Xoo strains. These novel strains demonstrate greater virulence compared to Zhe173, the previous epidemic Xoo strain from Zhejiang Province. Subsequent genomic sequencing and analysis revealed that there existed significant differences in the genome sequence, especially in effector genes corresponding to some known rice resistance (R) genes between the novel strains and Zhe173. The sequence alignment of avirulent genes (effector genes) indicated that nucleic and amino acid sequences of AvrXa5, AvrXa7, AvrXa10, and AvrXa23 in the novel strains varied prominently from those in Zhe173. Interestingly, it seemed that only the genome of ZXooQ might contain the AvrXa3 gene. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis of 61 Xoo strains revealed that the novel strains were situated in a distinct evolutionary clade separate from Zhe173. These results here suggest that the emergence of novel Xoo strains may lead to resistance loss of some R genes used in commercial rice varieties, potentially serving as one of the factors leading to RBB resurgence in Zhejiang Province, China.
Oral Pathogens’ Substantial Burden on Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases, Alzheimer’s, Diabetes, and Other Systemic Diseases: A Public Health Crisis—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Murray Peter E. , Coffman Jonathan A. , Garcia-Godoy Franklin
Published: December 2024

This review synthesizes the findings from 252 studies to explore the relationship between the oral pathogens associated with periodontitis, dental caries, and systemic diseases. Individuals with oral diseases, such as periodontitis, are between 1.7 and 7.5 times (average 3.3 times) more likely to develop systemic diseases or suffer adverse pregnancy outcomes, underscoring the critical connection between dental and overall health. Oral conditions such as periodontitis and dental caries represent a significant health burden, affecting 26–47% of Americans. The most important oral pathogens, ranked by publication frequency, include the herpes virus, C. albicans, S. mutans, P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. intermedia, T. denticola, and T. forsythia. The systemic diseases and disorders linked to oral infections, ranked similarly, include cancer, respiratory, liver, bowel, fever, kidney, complications in pregnancy, cardiovascular bacteremia, diabetes, arthritis, autoimmune, bladder, dementia, lupus, and Alzheimer’s diseases. Evidence supports the efficacy of dental and periodontal treatments in eliminating oral infections and reducing the severity of systemic diseases. The substantial burden that oral pathogens have on cancer, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, and other systemic diseases poses a significant public health crisis.