bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the ability to differentiate the parameters of football players' movements taking into account their typology
Authors: Polevoy Georgiy
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this article - to receive and generalize the data obtained in a new research namely change of indicators of ability to differentiation of parameters of movements of the young football players having different typology of nervous system.

The leading method of studying this problem is a pedagogical experiment, as well as a theoretical analysis of methodological literature and the use of methods of mathematical statistics.

The result is an improvement in the indices of the ability to kinesthetic differentiation of the parameters of soccer player movements of 12-13 years, after applying an experimental differentiated methodic based on the typology of the nervous system.

Conclusion - an article can be useful for coaches who train in football and other sports.

The relevance of the topic is determined by the search for improvement of the training process for young players, which will increase the ability to kinesthetic differentiation of children and improve their results in football
Opponens pollicis silent period during a precision motor task with the isometric contraction of the ipsilateral knee extension.
Authors: Daikuya Shinichi , Okayama Yumi
Published: June 2018

Objectives: To clarify the excitability of the central nervous system function via a difference in the feedback method, we examined the alterations in the duration of the silent period recorded from the opponens pollicis muscle during a precision motor task. This task involved isometric knee extension using visual feedback and verbal conduction.

Design: Cross-sectional study with an A-B-A task-order design.

Methods: 12 healthy adults (7 males and 5 females; mean age: 23.7 ± 2.1 years) participated in this study. SP was recorded from the opponens pollicis muscle during a precision motor task involving with isometric contraction during ipsilateral knee extension with constant torque by two kinds of feedback. The precision motor task was carried out as follows; Subjects maintained knee extension torque at a constant strength using the BIODEX SYSTEM 3 with 60° of knee flexion. The knee extension torque was set at 25% of individual maximum effort. We monitored the torque using two methods. The first method used subjects’ own visual feedback with gazing at the BIODEX screen (Task A). The second task featured torque adjustment by the examiner’s verbal instruction. Subjects’ eyes were bandaged to eliminate visual feedback (Task B). Silent period was recorded from the opponens pollicis muscle while subjects maintained ipsilateral isometric knee extension during an A-B-A task order. As a stimulus condition, a constant current rectangular wave with a frequency of 0.5 Hz and a duration of 0.2 ms, was added 16 times in the median nerve at the wrist with the intensity of supra-maximum, which maximal M wave was evoked. We compared the duration of silent period between tasks in each dominant and non-dominant side.

Results: The duration of silent period on the dominant leg was 109.1 ± 5.2 ms (Task A), 105.2 ± 7.2 ms (Task B), and 107.6 ± 6.7 ms (Task A). And that on the non-dominant leg was 111.3 ± 6.1 ms (Task A), 105.9 ± 4.4 ms (Task B), and 109.3 ± 4.4 ms (Task A). There was no significant difference on the dominant leg side. However, during Task B on the non-dominant leg side, the duration of silent period was shortened (Tukey’s test, p = 0.01, 0.08).

Conclusion: During less-skilled motor adjustment using the non-dominant leg, the motor control with verbal conduction and no visual feedback requires more afferent activation. In these cases, central nervous system function excitability associated with ipsilateral upper extremity increases, even if the task involves the lower extremity.
Effect of exercise training intensity on mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in post myocardial infarction rats
Authors: Ebadi Babak , Damirchi Arsalan
Published: June 2018

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common type of heart disease. According to recent studies, mitochondrial dysfunction has been suggested as a central player in cardiac disease and evidences point out the association of mitochondrial morphology with development of heart diseases. Exercise training plays a protective role against cardiovascular disease. However, the role of exercise training on proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy system are not well understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate these on cardiac mitochondrial dynamic and mitophagy proteins in rats with myocardial infarction. The present study was post-test design experiment with the control group. after MI with ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and ensuring the creation of MI by echocardiography, male rats were subjected to high intensity interval training (HIIT), moderate (MIIT), low (LIIT), sedentary myocardial infarction (SED-MI) and healthy control groups. After six weeks exercise, the levels of MFN2, DRP1, Parkin, P62 and PGC-1α proteins were measured by ELISA method. Data analysis showed that proteins levels of MFN2, PGC-1α, Parkin and P62 decreased significantly in SED-MI group compared to healthy control while DRP1 protein levels increased significantly (P≤0.05). Also, MFN2 and PGC-1α proteins increased in MIIT group compared with SED-MI group and DRP1 protein levels were significantly decreased (P≤0.05). Moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) resulted to improve mitochondrial fusion and fusion proteins in rats with myocardial infarction. While high and low intensity interval training (HIIT, LIIT), despite increasing MFN2 and PGC-1α and reducing DRP1, failed to improve fusion and mitochondrial fission
The effect of aerobic training and consumption of L-carnitine supplements on Gen expression of HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor in the liver of male Wistar rats Injected by Boldenone
Authors: Bagherzadeh Rahmani Behnam
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training and consumption of L-carnitine supplements on HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor in the liver of male Wistar rats toxicated by Boldenone. 30 male Wistar rats aged 12 weeks (weight 195±7.94g) were randomly divided into five groups: control, sham, boldenone (5mg/kg), L-carnitine, aerobic training- L-carnitine.The endurance moderate intensity training program (55-50% of maximal oxygen consumption) performed for 6 weeks and 5 times a week. Injection once a week, on an appointed day, and in the quadriceps and hamstring was conducted in depth. After anesthesia, autopsy was performed and the testes Isolated. The HMG-CoA reductase and LDL receptor expression in the samples was measured by Real Time PCR and the quantification of gene expression levels using the formula 2-ΔΔct were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and post hoc Scheffe at the significant level P<0. 05.  The results showed that aerobic training and supplementation with L-carnitine was significant effect on HMG CoA reductase and LDL-R in the liver of male Wistar rats toxicated by boldenone (P=0/000). The results showed that the expression of HMG-CoA reductase changes in the liver of male Wistar rats in Group training - L-carnitine significantly lower than the control group (P=0/000). Changes in the expression of LDL-R in groups training - L-carnitine and L-carnitine increased significantly compared to control group (P=0/000). According to the findings, it seems to supplementation with L-carnitine with regular aerobic training modulating the biosynthesis of cholesterol in liver tissue.
Isolation and antimicrobial activity of anthraquinones from some species of the lichen genus Xanthoria
Authors: Manojlovic N.T. , Solujic S. , Sukdolak S. , Krstic Lj.
Published: June 2018

The isolation of six anthraquinones, erythroglaucin, physcion, xanthorin,
emodin, fallacinal and teloschistin, from three species of the lichen
genus Xanthoria (X. fallax, X. eleg?ns and A. policarpa) is reported.
Physcion is the dominant anthraquinone in all species. The anthraquinones
showed broad-spectrum antifungal activity and selective activity against
some phytopathogenic bacterial species.
More hyperenergetic molecular graphs
Authors: Koolen Jack , Moulton Vincent , Gutman Ivan , Vidovic Dusica
Published: June 2018

If G is a molecular graph and ?1,?2,... ?n are its eigenvalues, then the
energy of G is equal to E(G) = |?1|+|?2|+ ... +|?n|. This energy cannot
exceed the value n?n-1 ? n3/2. The graph G is said to be hyperenergetic
if E(G)>2n-2. We describe the construc?tion of hyperenergetic graphs G for
which E(G)?1/2 n3/2.
Synthesis of some bis- and mono-2-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives and the determination of their acidity constants
Authors: Djurendic Evgenija , Vastag Gyöngyi , Surányi Teréziám , Popsavesé Mirjana , Penov-Gasi Katarina
Published: June 2018

Several bis- and mono-2-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives were synthesized by
the reaction of methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate with some alcohols (diols, polyols
and amino alcohols) and their acidity constants were determined in 60%
aqueous ethanol by the potentiometric titration method. It has been shown
that the biochemical behaviour of these compounds is greatly dependent on
then acidity. It appears that the ester derivatives are weaker acids than
the amide derivatives and, therefore, can be potentially more involved in
the processes of metal ions transport in plants, whereas the introduction of
-OH and -??3 groups has a veiy small effect on the biochemical properties.
Influence of the stationary and mobile phase composition in ideal chromatographic systems on the log k values in column chromatography. I. ODS/methanol-water system
Authors: Janjic T.J. , Vuckovic G. , Celap M.В.
Published: June 2018

On the basis of the literature data it was established that in the case of
ODS column chromatography with methanol as modifier the value log xs/x1
(where xs and X1 denote methanol mole fractions in the stationary and the
mobile phase, respectively) is a linear function of the corresponding
Bosch?s PmN parameter as well as of the log k value of the investigated
substances. It was also found that the phase equilibrium in the system
ODS/methanol-water is in accordance with the Everett?s equation for ideal
systems (K=10.88). Finally, a linear relationship between the log xs/x1
values and the volume fraction of methanol (?) was found in the range of
0.5-1.0, which corresponds to the linear part of the function log k = f(?),
established experimentally by other authors.
Preterm birth, unplanned hospital contact and mortality in infants born to teenage mothers in five countries: a cross-country comparison using linked administrative data
Authors: Harron Katie , Verfuerden Maximiliane , Ibiebele Ibinabo , Liu Can , Kopp Alex , Guttmann Astrid , Ford Jane , Hjern Anders , Van der Meulen Jan , Gilbert Ruth
Published: June 2018

BackgroundChildren born to teenage mothers have greater healthcare needs than those born to mothers in their 20s and older, including higher rates of hospitalisation in childhood.

ObjectivesWe performed a cross-country comparison of maternal agerelated inequalities in infant outcomes in England, Scotland, Sweden, New South Wales (NSW; Australia) and Ontario (Canada).

MethodsWe used administrative hospital data capturing 3,002,749 singleton births surviving to discharge between 2010-2014 (2008-2012 for Sweden). We compared preterm birth (24-37 weeks of gestation), unplanned hospital admissions, emergency department visits, and mortality within 12 months of postnatal discharge, according to maternal age.

FindingsInfants born to teenage mothers experienced higher rates of preterm birth, unplanned admissions, ED visits, and mortality compared with older mothers in all countries. Despite variation in the distribution of maternal characteristics between countries, inequalities according to maternal age were similar. Infants of teenage mothers were between 1.37 (95% CI for risk ratio 1.28-1.47, Sweden) and 1.56 (95% CI 1.49-1.64, NSW) times more likely to have 1 unplanned hospital admission and between 2.25 (95% CI 1.92-2.64, England) and 3.87 (95% CI 2.07-7.36, Sweden) times more likely to die, compared with those born to mothers aged 30-34.

ConclusionsA similar excess of adverse outcomes was observed for teenage mothers in all five countries, despite different prevalence rates and support for young families. Public health strategies are needed to address these inequalities.
Mental health service users’ perceptions on the use of administrative data for research
Authors: Satinsky Emily , Driessens Corine , Crepaz-Keay David , Kousoulis Antonis
Published: June 2018

BackgroundRecently, opportunities have been created to link health records with data routinely collected by social and economic departments. The ADRC-E (Southampton), in collaboration with the Mental Health Foundation has taken advantage of these opportunities to request information on a retrospective cohort to examine the effects of community mental health services on users in England before and after the financial crisis of 2008.

ObjectiveTo increase transparency the Mental Health Foundation assessed mental health service users’ perceptions regarding current practice with the secondary use of their administrative data.

MethodsThis three-hour focus group study identified mental health service users’ thoughts around the word ‘data’, data sharing and data protection governance.

Findings Focus group participants were generally happy to share their health data. Trust was an important factor mentioned in relation to data sharing. Participants expressed a desire for improved transparency around the use of administrative data for research purposes. When discussing safeguards the participants all agreed that they would feel more comfortable sharing their health data if there were better patient education and feedback systems in place.

ConclusionMental health service providers should strive to inform individuals using their services that their data might be used for research purposes and communicate the rights to opt out of participation. It is important for researchers and data administrators to draw the service users’ attention to relevant studies and opt-out mechanisms as well as enforce data protection and linking policies.
Are the needs of people with mental health problems met?
Authors: Tseliou Foteini , Rosato Michael , O'Reilly Dermot
Published: June 2018

BackgroundHigh levels of mental ill-health have resulted in increasing delays in the receipt of appropriate care. However, the size of the gap between mental health needs and the likelihood of receiving treatment has not been thoroughly investigated on a population-level within Northern Ireland.

ObjectivesTo that end we investigated the link between self-reported mental ill-health and likelihood of being in receipt of treatment in a population cohort.

MethodsThe 2011 Northern Ireland Census was linked to a population-wide prescribing database. The presence of a chronic mental health condition, as assessed through the Census self-reported mental health question, was compared to regular psychotropic medication use in the six and twelve months following the Census. Of the 23,803 individuals (aged 25 to 74) who reported chronic mental ill-health at the Census, 22% were not in receipt of medication over the following six months, with this being reduced down to 18.5% by the twelve month mark.

FindingsAfter adjusting logistic regression models for socio-demographic factors, men (OR=0.56: 95%CI=0.52-0.60), those of non-white ethnicity (OR=0.38: 95%CI=0.26-0.54), never married (OR=0.67: 95%CI=0.61-0.82), unemployed (OR=0.65: 95%CI=0.53-0.81) and living in a rural area (OR=0.88: 95%CI=0.79-0.98) were less likely to receive regular medication, indicating mental health unmet need.

ConclusionsA level of discord was observed between mental-ill health and medication receipt on a population level. Further focus on mental health needs and the impact of low prescribing rates on mental health patients could help ameliorate the current inequalities and reduce potential gaps in mental health treatment.
Are disability-related social security benefits modified by demographic, social and area-level factors?
Authors: O'Reilly Dermot , Rosato Michael , Maguire Aideen
Published: June 2018

BackgroundIn the UK Disability Living Allowance (DLA) provides non means-tested contribution towards the disability-related costs of living for disabled people. Although eligibility is based on mobility/personal care needs, other factors may be important.

MethodologyThree 2011 census-based measures of self-reported health (number of chronic disabilities; activity limitation (a little; a lot); and chronic poor mental health) were linked to 2011 DLA records for people aged <65. Census returns provided individual demographic, socio-economic, social and area-level characteristics. Overall, 92.5% of DLA records were matched to 1.4 million Census records.

Interim ResultsAnalyses confirms health as the main determinant of DLA Claims uptake, but that for a given level of health uptake was: higher amongst non-married and those of lower socioeconomic status ( OR 1.76; (95%CI 1.68, 1.84) most deprived vs. least deprived), lower amongst ethnic minorities (OR 0.87 (95%CIs 0.78, 0.97) non-white vs. white), migrants (OR 0.37; (95%CI 0.34, 0.39) migrants vs. non migrants) and slightly lower in rural communities (OR 0.95; (95%CI 0.93, 0.97) rural vs. urban).

ConclusionsPoor health is the predominant determinant of disability benefits but other social and socioeconomic factors are influential. Results of these analyses might assist in enabling resources to be targeted appropriately.
Using Big Data in Policy Evaluations: the Troubled Families Programme
Authors: Knight Naomi , Han Lu , Man Lan-Ho , Taylor Ricky
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government have carried out one of the biggest data linkage exercises in government in order to evaluate the impact of the Troubled Families Programme. Linking individual and family level data across multiple administrative datasets has proven to be both innovative and cost-effective, enabling us to place children in the broader context of their family and household circumstances for our analysis.

ObjectivesTo use administrative datasets to measure children’s service use outcomes, for both programme and comparison individuals and families, to assess the impact of the Troubled Families Programme on outcomes for ‘children needing help’.

MethodsThe comparison group provide a counterfactual, used to derive a robust assessment of the programme’s impact on children’s outcomes: in this case child safeguarding. Linked datasets means we can control for both individual and family level characteristics, such as parental employment, benefits, school attendance, children and adult offending and the circumstances of siblings. We have used propensity score matching to control for all covariates impacting on both treatment and outcome status.

FindingsPreliminary findings show a statistically significant reduction in the number of ‘children in need’ in the 6-12 month period after intervention start compared to the matched comparison group, and a reduction in the number of ‘looked after children’. There was an increase in the number of children with a ‘child protection plan’, but this was not statistically significantly different to the comparison group.

ConclusionsWhile access to such a wide range of individual and family characteristics is a key methodological advantage to evaluation, challenges include: missing data, time lags in the datasets and complex variable definitions. We have worked and continueto work with other government departments to overcome these. Whilst still in its earliest stages preliminary results for the programme’s impact are encouraging.
Can a Mixed Methods Approach help to Mitigate the ‘People Problem’ of Administrative Data for Evidence-based policy Making?
Authors: Parker Sarah
Published: June 2018

BackgroundIntegrating administrative data from multiple sources offers important statistical insights that can expedite the knowledge-to-policy development cycle. Yet, administrative data lack contextual complexity because they are designed to measureservice contact and not service experience. Put differently, they tell us about people’s movements through systems of intervention but not about the people using services. Reliance on administrative data alone therefore risks omitting criticaldimensions of experience and perspective which, when interrogated, have the potential to inform programme and policy design.

ObjectivesThis poster demonstrates how a sequential (explanatory) mixed methods design will be operationalised in a study that examines the temporal dynamics of family homelessness in Dublin, Ireland.

Methodological ApproachOver the course of the research, the Pathway Accommodation and Support System (PASS) and Local Authority housing list will be linked to create a rich dataset of the subpopulation of homeless families which will be supplemented with primarydata generated by in-depth interviews with families experiencing particular trajectories through homelessness. A core goal is to illustrate how data integration will occur with the aim of: 1) contextualising administrative (quantitative) data withnarrative (qualitative) findings; and 2) examining experiential dimensions of family homelessness that cannot be captured by the study’s administrative datasets.

ConclusionsIt is argued that ‘mixing’ quantitative and qualitative techniques can contribute to fuller understanding of the circumstances that facilitate or block families’ paths to housing stability and advance knowledge of the type(s) of policy and housinginterventions needed to ensure that families successfully exit homelessness and remain housed.

Originality/ValueThe development and implementation of a mixed methods approach has the potential to produce an explanatory framework by integrating the reach and rigour of administrative data with the depth and nuance of qualitative inquiry. This, in turn, will yield more robust understanding of effective and appropriate policy responses.
The Relationship Between Health and Homelessness in Scotland
Authors: Waugh Andrew , Rowley David , Clarke Auren
Published: June 2018

BackgroundHomeless people are among the most vulnerable and socially excluded in society, exhibiting higher premature mortality and multiple morbidity. This study links health and homelessness data for the first time at a national level in Scotland.

ObjectivesThis study adds to the evidence base on the relationship between homelessness and health needs, including how homeless people exhibit multiple or complex needs.

MethodThis study matches those who have experienced homelessness in Scotland since 2002 (n=430,000) with two people of the same age and sex – at random, one control is chosen from the 20% least deprived areas in Scotland and another from the 20% most deprived. This gives 1.3 million people in total. Each cohort is linked to a wide range of health datasets. More detail on the methodology is presented in a separate talk (Challenges of Analysing Case-Control Datasets: A Health andHomelessness Case Study) at this conference.

FindingsAt the 2018 ADRN Health and Wellbeing session, we wish to present on our findings that we are publishing shortly before the conference. Large and complex differences were found between the cohorts in health service use and outcomes, particularly for the homeless. Analysis is presented on the different health datasets used, including acute and mental-health admissions, A&E attendances, outpatient appointments, prescriptions and drugs misuse assessments. We also discuss findings for activity related to particular issues including drugs and alcohol. Furthermore, notable differences were also found between once only and repeat homeless individuals.

ConclusionsThe range of linked health data used in this study has enabled invaluable evidence to be collected on the scale, severity and complexity of the health needs of homeless populations in Scotland.
Comparing two measures of multimorbidity in hospitalised patients
Authors: Robertson Lynn , Ayansina Dolapo , Marks Angharad , Black Corri
Published: June 2018

BackgroundMultimorbidity is recognised as a complex and growing health challenge. Currently there is no “gold standard” multimorbidity measure and few studies have compared measures in hospitalised patients.

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate two published multimorbidity measures in routine hospital episode data in NHS Grampian, Scotland.

MethodsWe used the Scottish Morbidity Record (SMR) data for the years 2009-2016. We included all adults admitted to hospital in the Grampian region of Scotland (population 588,100) during 2014. Morbidities were identified from inpatient admissions during the five years prior to admission date in 2014 (ICD-10 codes). Two multimorbidity measures were used: Charlson (Quan 2005), and Tonelli et al (2015); and multimorbidity was defined as ≥2 morbidities. Kappa statistics assessed agreement between the two measures in classifying patients as multimorbid. The association between multimorbidity and mortality, readmissions, and length of stay was examined using regression methods with odds ratios (OR) or incidence rate ratios (IRR) calculated as appropriate.

FindingsIn 41,545 adults (median age 62 years, 52.6% female), multimorbidity prevalence was 15.1% (95% CI 14.8%-15.5%) using Charlson and 27.4% (27.0%-27.8%) using Tonelli - agreement 85.1% (Kappa 0.57). After adjusting for covariates, multimorbidity was associated with an increased risk of longer length of stay, (Charlson IRR 1.10 (1.03, 1.18; p=0.005); Tonelli IRR 1.11 (1.04, 1.18; p<0.001)) and readmission (Charlson OR 2.06 (1.94, 2.19; p<0.001); Tonelli OR 2.12 (2.01, 2.22; p<0.001)). Multimorbidity had a higher risk of mortality when measured using Charlson (Charlson OR 2.71 (2.52, 2.92; p=<0.001); Tonelli OR (1.84 (1.72, 1.98; p<0.001)).

ConclusionsMultimorbidity measures operationalised in hospital episode data identified those at risk of poor outcomes and will be useful for future multimorbidity research and use in secondary care data systems.
End of Life Care in Scotland: Trends in the Population in Need of Palliative Care
Authors: Schneider Anna , Atherton Iain
Published: June 2018

BackgroundEstimation of population-wide palliative care needs is crucial for end-of-life care planning, and literature around it has grown in the last years. However, no estimates have yet been published for Scotland.

ObjectivesThis paper provides estimates of how many people require palliative care in Scotland and describes changes in the composition of this subpopulation. What are their living arrangements? How have their medical conditions, health service use, and health trajectories changed?

Methods (including data)The analysis is based on linked hospital records, death records, and Scottish Census data from 2001/02 and 2011/12. The palliative care estimation method by Murtagh et al. is utilised, as well as the illness trajectories distinguished by Murray et al. Comparative cross-sectional descriptive statistics are provided.

FindingsWhile a recent paper suggests that palliative care need in England/Wales has increased from 72.5% in 2006 to 74.9% in 2014, the share of people with a palliative care need among all deaths in Scotland has decreased from 80.6% to 78.3% in the period of this study. The share of people aged 85+ rose from 26.6% to 31.4%, and we observe a doubling of cases with prolonged dwindling at the end of their life. Despite their high need for care, 4 in 5 people lived in a private household in their last year of life, and 1 in 3 people lived alone.

ConclusionsOur findings suggest a change in the volume of care need and in the types of care required. They have strong implications for care providers.
Validating Synthetic Longitudinal Populations for evaluation of Population Data Linkage
Authors: Dalton Tom , Kirby Graham , Dearle Alan , Akgün Özgür , Mackenzie Monique
Published: June 2018

Background’Gold-standard’ data to evaluate linkage algorithms are rare. Synthetic data have the advantage that all the true links are known. In the domain of population reconstruction, the ability to synthesize populations on demand, with varying characteristics, allows a linkage approach to be evaluated across a wide range of data. We have implemented ValiPop, a microsimulation model, for this purpose.

ApproachValiPop can create many varied populations based upon sets of desired population statistics, thus allowing linkage algorithms to be evaluated across many populations, rather than across a limited number of real world ’gold-standard’ data sets.

Given the potential interactions between different desired population statistics, the creation of a population does not necessarily imply that all desired population statistics have been met. To address this we have developed a statistical approach to validate the adherence of created populations to the desired statistics, using a generalized linear model.

This talk will discuss the benefits of synthetic data for data linkage evaluation, the approach to validating created populations, and present the results of some initial linkage experiments using our synthetic data.
The politics of administrative data: A case study of school census data for children with SEND
Authors: Rempel Emily , Durrant Hannah , Barnett Julie
Published: June 2018

BackgroundFrom 2016 to 2018 we collaborated on a programme of work with a local authority in the South West of England around understanding diagnosis trends for children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). Tracking SEND is a key issue for both local and national government due to the high cost of provision and perceived increases in diagnoses prior to 2010.

ObjectiveIn this presentation we explore the use of school census data for research and commissioning in local government.

MethodsWe supplement statistical reports of SEND diagnoses from 2011 to 2017 with semi-structured interviews with individuals who inform their decision making with these and similar data. We draw on theories of narrative and causal story-telling to understand how modern statistical analysis is used as a tool to develop commissioning decisions. This includes testing narratives using data as well as data being used to inform narratives.

Early Findings and ConclusionsWe add to a growing area of literature that discusses data and statistics as subjective policy tools. Early results include the use of data as a perceived objective tool in calming emotions during commissioning negotiations. We aim to describe how these decisions are made and what this means for service provision for children with SEND.
Social care and health outcomes in ageing: exploring measures of multimorbidity
Authors: Henery Paul
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe older population within developed countries is increasing, leading to increased pressure on health services. Most of this demographic have multiple conditions (multimorbidity), which is difficult to measure in a methodological context. In Scotland, efforts are being made to integrate health and social care under one body in order to provide a person-centred environment where older people with complex needs receive tailored care. In this context it is important to consider the effect of social care in conjunction with multimorbidity on health outcomes to target care provision.

ObjectivesThis study intends to determine which is the best tool for predicting both mortality and care uptake amongst older people. The effect of care on mortality in conjunction with multimorbidity is also considered. This study also attempts to derive the best predictive model for both mortality and care uptake, using additional explanatory variables such as deprivation.

MethodsThis quantitative longitudinal study uses a linked SMR admissions and social care census dataset from 2010-2015. It considers the impact of multiple measures of multimorbidity (such as ICD-10 flagged condition indices or prescription scores) on outcomes such as mortality, receipt of informal care or admissions using nested logistic regression models with summary statistics such as the AIC, BIC, R-squared and ROC curve.

Projected resultsBased on literature, it is hypothesised that diagnosis-based indices (such as the Charlson Index) will perform best at predicting mortality, whilst prescription-based scores (such as the Chronic Disease Score) will perform best at predicting admissions.
Predicting the use Literacy Interventions Using a Pre-School Health and Developmental Screen: Evidence from New Zealand’s Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI)
Authors: Audas Richard
Published: June 2018

Early literacy attainment is a key progression towards advanced learning. All New Zealand schools offer interventions for children who are farthest from standard in literacy, although these interventions typically do not commence until the child has been in school for one year. Considerable evidence demonstrates that literacy interventions can be effective, if implemented as early as possible. As such there is significant benefit in quickly identifying those most at risk of failing to meet the literacy standard.

In New Zealand all children are expected to get a Before School Check (B4SC) between their fourth birthday and prior to entering school. These checks are generally conducted by public health nurses, with children's health and developmental status being divided into seven categories.

Data linkage across government collected administrative data files can be conducted in the Statistics New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure (IDI). The IDI provides a whole of population inter-departmental architecture to link individuals. In this study, we link individual's B4SC records to school interventions data as well as to birth and census records.

Using a time-to-event approach, we find that there is significant predictive value in using B4SC to identify children who are at risk of requiring a literacy intervention.
The Inverse Care Law programme: evaluating a population based intervention in primary care within deprived communities in Wales.
Authors: Song Jiao , Akbari Ashley , Cox Caryn , May Leon , Watkins William , Aitken Sarah , Thomas Sarah , King William
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe Inverse Care Law (ICL) programme was set up in South Wales valleys and aiming to achieve a measurable closing of the gap in health outcomes between the most and least deprived areas.

ObjectivesPeople in deprived communities in Wales were invited for health checks to identify risks of cardiovascular disease followed by targeted interventions towards lifestyle risk factors, e.g. poor diet, physical inactivity, smoking and high alcohol intake, under the ICL programme piloted in Aneurin Bevan (AB) and Cwm Taf (CT) University Health Boards.

MethodsWelsh Longitudinal General Practice (WLGP) data held in Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank was utilised to evaluate outcomes through project-specified clinical codes and uptake of the programme, linked with the Welsh Demographic Service Dataset (WDSD) providing demographic characteristics.

FindingsThere were 7,094 people completing health checks in AB and CT University Health Boards between February 2015 and November 2016. 96% of these were in the three most deprived Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation (WIMD) quintiles. 51% were referred within primary care for follow-up based on their health check results, 71% were overweight/obese, and 20% were identified as current smokers of within which 28% were referred to smoking sensation services, with further analyses to follow.

ConclusionsImplementations and effectiveness of the interventions and impact of health checks will be evaluated longitudinally on a scheduled basis with repeated analyses. Challenges and results will help refining the programme to be delivered across Wales.
Measuring Active Living Environments: An international comparison between Canada and Wales
Authors: Fry Richard , Akbari Ashley , Mah Sarah , Ross Nancy
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe impacts of the built environment on health is a widely studied international area of research. One area of research is how urban morphology (e.g. active living environments, also known as neighbourhood walkability) may promote healthy behaviour within a population. However urban morphology and data relating to the built environment varies across different countries.

ObjectivesOne of the challenges in international studies is producing consistent, comparable measures of the built environment, in this case active living environments. As part of a study which compares the impact of neighbourhood environments on health outcomes for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), neighbourhood-level measures for walkable environments were derived for Canada and Wales using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

MethodsUsing method based upon the Canadian Active Living Environments Database (Can-ALE) we created walkability indicators for Wales, UK. We created GIS models using OpenStreetMap and Office for National Statistics (ONS) Open Data to produce walkability metrics for each Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) in Wales for linkage into the SAIL databank. We compared the GIS generated walkability metrics for Wales with those produced for Canada to evaluate whether the GIS methods are internationally transferable in the context of generating walkability indictors and associations with T2D.

FindingsThis work highlights the challenges in creating internationally comparable environmental exposure metrics. The differences in urban morphology and scale in Canada and Wales are significant, however this work demonstrates how with considered methodological choices these differences can be overcome to generate comparable built environment indicators.

ConclusionsThe generation of comparable walkability indicators for the built environment has allowed subsequent analysis into hospital admissions for people living with T2D in Caranda and Wales. This study has wider implications for international research into the impacts of the built environment on population health and are reproducible on future studies.
Estimating the causal effects of academisation of English schools with the data from the National Pupil Database
Authors: Liu Yi , Bessudnov Alexey , Norwich Brahm , Black Alison
Published: June 2018

BackgroundOver the last 30 years there have been two key policy initiatives in schooling in England. First, there was a move to raise academic standards with a market-oriented model of schooling and the introduction of Academies with higher levels of autonomy. Second, there has been a lesser though nevertheless important trend to providing for more pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in ordinary rather than special schools, what has been called the inclusive education movement.

ObjectivesWe explore causal effects of converting English schools into academies on educational inclusiveness in England. Specifically we investigate the implications of a school’s academisation event in converting to a Sponsored Academy or a Converter Academy on the inclusion of pupils with SEN and the impacts on the education trajectory of these pupils.

Methods (including data)Using administrative data from the National Pupil Database and combining it with publicly available data on school institutional history, we are able to construct extensive longitudinal samples of pupil cohorts and academisation school cohorts from 2003 to 2015. Utilising both from aggregate school level and individual level features, we study the various aspects of academisation on educational inclusiveness by modelling the admissions, re-classifications and potential exclusions on pupils with SEN from the contemporaneous and follow-up effects of academisation events. In addition, we examine the adequacy and effectiveness in causality modelling in a educational context under various regimes of modelling frameworks.

Findings and conclusionsThe analysis to date suggests that academisation events have small negative impacts in educational inclusiveness. Specifically, we find that pupils with SEN are more likely to register with non-SEN in academised schools in the treatment group. In addition, these negative effects are found to remain statistically significant several periods after occurrence of the event.
Exploiting the coverage of administrative data to understand changing criminal careers and the causes of the crime drop: changing conviction patterns in the Scottish Offenders Index, 1989-2011
Authors: Matthews Ben , McVie Susan , Dibben Chris
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe status of the Scottish Offenders Index (SOI) as a census (n=all) of conviction proceedings in Scotland allows the adoption of research designs that would be prohibitively costly and time consuming to implement with more traditional survey approaches. This paper argues that this flexibility, combined with the large time span covered by the SOI (1989-current), provides a way to bridge the typical individual (micro-) focus of developmental criminology and the (macro-) analysis of aggregate crime rates.

ObjectivesBy examining conviction patterns for multiple cohorts across multiple years, we can infer whether recent falls in aggregate conviction rates are most plausibly explained by period or cohort effects. In turn, this distinction between period and cohort effects can both suggest which potential explanations for these recent falls in conviction rates in Scotland are most feasible - thus helping to refine explanations for the recent ’crime drop’ - and help us understand the factors leading to change in criminal careers over time.

Methods and FindingsTo support these claims, this paper presents the results of an exploratory analysis of change in convictions patterns in the SOI between 1989 and 2011, drawing on demographic information to account for change in population structure. Results show a complex pattern of change over time, with differences in convictions trends for young and old, for men and women and in different periods. Explanations of the crime drop must be able to account for these complex trends.

ConclusionsAdministrative data provide a unique window into the recent crime drop, and we encourage similar studies on comparable datasets where possible.
Which best predicts suicides in Northern Ireland - self-rated mental health or medication record?
Authors: Onyeka Ifeoma , Maguire Aideen , O’Reilly Dermot
Published: June 2018

BackgroundOver 800,000 suicides occur annually worldwide, and approximately 300 suicides in Northern Ireland (NI) each year. Studies from elsewhere have highlighted the role of mental health in the risk of death by suicide, but such studies are scarce in NI.

ObjectivesThis project seeks to: (1) examine the association between mental health and death by suicide during 2011–2015, and (2) assess if self-rated mental health, medication record, or both better predict risk of death by suicide.

MethodsDe-identified information will be drawn from 2011 Census on NI’s 1.8 million residents, linked to the Business Service Organisation’s Health Card Registration data, the Enhanced Prescribing Database (EPD) and death registrations. Subjects’ mental health will be ascertained through single-item self-rated mental health question from the Census and/or record of psychotropic medication in the EPD. Data captures over 1,100 suicides over 5 years (main causes of death defined as ICD- 10 codes X60–X84, Y10–Y34, Y87). Cox proportional hazard models will be used to examine the association between mental health and death by suicide (adjusting for age, gender, comorbid physical disorders, socio-economic status). The performance of prediction models of death by suicide, including self-rated mental health or prescribed medication record or both, will be compared. Data are with the Administrative Data Research Centre – NI, with data analysis underway.

FindingsThis study will yield information beneficial for policy-making regarding suicide prevention and identifying “at risk” groups. Understanding which measures of mental health (self-rated versus medication record) best predict risk of death by suicide could be used to inform future studies on suicide risk and to identify groups for targeted interventions.
Is commercial/private sector access to administrative data inevitable?
Authors: Porteous Carol
Published: June 2018

BackgroundCurrently in the UK, access to publicly collected administrative data for use in research, is only available to accredited researchers. However, administrative data may be of interest to commercial or private sector organisations, some of whom have already controversially been partnering with universities and health researchers in the recent case of an NHS Trust partnering with Google Deep Mind.

ObjectivesHow do we deal with the issue of commercial/private sector access openly and critically as a society?

MethodThis work will present the current landscape of commercial access to administrative data use and the results of a focus group with members of the public. Presented will be the views of the focus group in relation to different categories of commercial organisations and whether they should or should not be allowed access to administrative data and what conditions (if any) should be in place.

FindingsInitial findings indicate commercial access may be acceptable, but this raises new issues for society to consider about the role and extent of commercial/private sector reach.
Cognitive development Respiratory Tract Illness and Effects of eXposure (CORTEX) project: Data processing challenges in combining high spatial resolution pollution level data with individual level health and education data
Authors: Lyons Jane , Mizen Amy , Rodgers Sarah , Berridge Damon , Akbari Ashley , Wilkinson Paul , Milojevic Ai , Doherty Ruth , Dearden Lorraine , Lake Iain , Carruthers David , Strickland Sarah , Mavrogianni Anna , Davies Gwyneth
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesThere is a lack of evidence of the adverse effects of air pollution and pollen on cognition for people with air quality-related health conditions. The CORTEX project combined routinely collected health and education data, high spatial resolution air pollution modelling, and daily pollen measurements for 18,241 pupils living in Cardiff, UK, between 2009 and 2015, to investigate the acute effects of air quality and respiratory conditions on education attainment.

DatasetsAir pollutants PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and ozone levels were modelled for 157,361 home and school locations, anonymised into the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank, and summarised into minimum, average and maximum readings for 4 daily time periods reflecting pupil home/school exposure. Adding a unique Residential Anonymised Linking Field (RALF) allowed linkage of pollution estimates to individual level data. Annual pollution datasets contained 369 columns and 472,083-rows, with one column per location, pollutant, daily time-period and day of year. Dataset transformation produced a 5 column, 3,446,205,900-row matrix per year.

Methods and ConclusionsAn algorithm using Structured Query Language (SQL) to manage data held within a relational database management system, was designed to reduce dimensionality from 24 billion to 18,241 rows of data. The algorithm calculated average means for each pollutant (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and ozone levels) over the revision and examination periods, and summarised data into one row per pupil. The algorithm adjusted for weekends, school, and bank holidays, it calculated daily pollutant exposure for each pupil, and successfully linked 95% of pupil pollution exposures to their health and education data.