bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative metabolomics investigation of flavonoid variation in faba bean flowers
Authors: Elessawy Fatma M. , Hughes Jessa , Khazaei Hamid , Vandenberg Albert , El-Aneed Anas , Purves Randy W.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) flowers are edible and used as garnishes because of their aroma, sweet flavor and attractive colors. Anthocyanins are the common plant pigments that give flowers their vivid colors, whereas non-anthocyanin flavonoids can serve as co-pigments that can modify the color intensity of flowers.

Objectives

To explore the polyphenol diversity and differences in standard and wing petals of faba bean flowers; and identify glycosylated flavonoids that contribute to flower color.

Methods

Flower standard and wing petals from 30 faba bean genotypes (eight color groups with a total of 60 samples) were used for polyphenol extraction. Samples were analyzed using a targeted method and a semi-untargeted analysis using liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) combined with photodiode array (PDA) detection. Compound Discoverer software was used for polyphenol identification and multivariate analysis.

Results

The semi-untargeted analysis guided by the PDA detected 90 flavonoid metabolites present in faba bean flower petals. Ten anthocyanins largely influenced the flower colors, but other flavonoids (63 flavonols and 12 flavones) found with variable levels in different flower color groups appeared to also influence color, especially in mixed colors.

Conclusion

Analysis of the different colored faba bean flowers confirmed that the color variation between the flowers was mainly controlled by anthocyanins in brown, red and purple-red flowers. Of the other flavonoids, multiglycosylated kaempferols were abundant in white and brown flowers, monoglycosylated kaempferols were common in red and purple-red flowers, and quercetin and apigenin glycosides were abundant co-pigments in purple-red flowers.
Sustainable hierarchical multi-modal hub network design problem: bi-objective formulations and solution algorithms
Authors: Nasiri Mohammad Mahdi , Khaleghi Amir , Govindan Kannan , Bozorgi-Amiri Ali
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a bi-objective model for the design and optimization of a sustainable hierarchical multi-modal hub network. The proposed model focuses on sustainability by considering economic, environmental, and social aspects of the decisions in a hierarchical network. A case of Turkish network for freight transportation is used to validate the proposed model. To solve the small-sized problems, the augmented epsilon constraint method version 2 (AUGMECON2) is applied. It can be inferred from the Pareto-optimal set obtained by AUGMECON2 that the effect of increasing the number of hubs after a threshold is marginal. The current contribution proposes two multi-objective genetic algorithms (NSGA-II and NRGA), which incorporate LP solving and Dijkstra algorithm. The results show the superiority of NRGA compared to NSGA-II in terms of solution time. Also, we present an alternative, more efficient formulation to the problem. Based on the alternative formulation, in addition to AUGMECON2, we use two exact methods, including Torabi and Hassini (TH) method and augmented weighted Tchebycheff procedure (AWTP), to find Pareto-optimal solutions for small, medium, and large-sized problems (including the case study). The performance of the proposed solution methods is measured using some multi-objective indicators. The results show the superiority of AUGMECON2.
Tissue Outcome Prediction in Patients with Proximal Vessel Occlusion and Mechanical Thrombectomy Using Logistic Models
Authors: Welle Florian , Stoll Kristin , Gillmann Christina , Henkelmann Jeanette , Prasse Gordian , Kaiser Daniel P. O. , Kellner Elias , Reisert Marco , Schneider Hans R. , Klingbeil Julian , Stockert Anika , Lobsien Donald , Hoffmann Karl-Titus , Saur Dorothee , Wawrzyniak Max
Published: May 2023

Perfusion CT is established to aid selection of patients with proximal intracranial vessel occlusion for thrombectomy in the extended time window. Selection is mostly based on simple thresholding of perfusion parameter maps, which, however, does not exploit the full information hidden in the high-dimensional perfusion data. We implemented a multiparametric mass-univariate logistic model to predict tissue outcome based on data from 405 stroke patients with acute proximal vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation who underwent mechanical thrombectomy. Input parameters were acute multimodal CT imaging (perfusion, angiography, and non-contrast) as well as basic demographic and clinical parameters. The model was trained with the knowledge of recanalization status and final infarct localization. We found that perfusion parameter maps (CBF, CBV, and Tmax) were sufficient for tissue outcome prediction. Compared with single-parameter thresholding-based models, our logistic model had comparable volumetric accuracy, but was superior with respect to topographical accuracy (AUC of receiver operating characteristic). We also found higher spatial accuracy (Dice index) in an independent internal but not external cross-validation. Our results highlight the value of perfusion data compared with non-contrast CT, CT angiography and clinical information for tissue outcome-prediction. Multiparametric logistic prediction has high potential to outperform the single-parameter thresholding-based approach. In the future, the combination of tissue and functional outcome prediction might provide an individual biomarker for the benefit from mechanical thrombectomy in acute stroke care.
Electroconductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticle-loaded silk fibroin biocomposite conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Escobar Ane , Serafin Aleksandra , Carvalho Mariana R. , Culebras Mario , Cantarero Andres , Beaucamp Anne , Reis Rui L. , Oliveira J. Miguel , Collins Maurice N.
Published: May 2023

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often clinically relies on the use of nerve grafts taken from the patient to establish a therapeutic effect, though secondary site of injury and morbidity have prompted the medical community to find alternative solutions. A new trend in the development of biomaterials arises in the form of electro-conductive biomaterials, especially for electrically active tissues such as the peripheral nerves. In this work, novel poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT nanoparticles (PEDOT NPs) were synthetized via the mini-emulsion method and were combined with silk fibroin (SF) to create conduits for PNI repair. The synthesized PEDOT NPs-loaded SF conduits showed optimal properties for peripheral nerve substitution from the physico-chemical and biological point of view. They displayed excellent mechanical and conductivity performance with the tensile moduli reaching 6.61 ± 0.55 MPa and the conduits reaching 5.4 · 10–4 S cm−1, respectively. The conduits did not possess apatite-forming capacity, which were resistant to bending occlusions for angles up to 50° and to suturing. The developed conduits are promising as a novel biomaterial for applications in peripheral nerve regeneration; in vitro experiments showed that they did not allow BJ fibroblast infiltration, avoiding scar tissue formation in the lumen, and they did not show any toxic effect for Schwann cells.
A Probabilistic Simulation Framework to Assess the Impacts of Ridesharing and Congestion Charging in New York City
Authors: Khulbe Devashish , Kang Chaogui , Ukkusuri Satish , Sobolevsky Stanislav
Published: May 2023

Understanding the holistic city-wide impact of planned transportation solutions and interventions is critical for decision making, but challenged by the complexity of the urban systems, as well as the quality of the available urban data. The cornerstone for such impact assessments is estimating the transportation mode-shift resulting from the intervention. Although transportation planning has well-established models for the mode-choice assessment such as a nested multinomial logit model, an individual choice simulation could be better suited for addressing the mode-shift allowing us to consistently account for individual preferences. Moreover, the available ground-truth data on the actual transportation choices is often incomplete or inconsistent. The present paper addresses those challenges by offering an individual mode-choice and mode-shift simulation model and the Bayesian inference framework, and demonstrates how impact assessments can be performed in the events of incomplete mobility data. It accounts for uncertainties in the data as well as the model estimate and translates them into uncertainties of the resulting mode-shift and the impacts. The framework is evaluated on the two intervention cases: introducing ride-sharing for-hire-vehicles in NYC as well the recent introduction of the Manhattan Congestion surcharge. It can be used to assess mode-shift and quantify the resulting economic, social and environmental implications for any urban transportation solutions and policies considered by decision-makers or transportation companies.
A COVID-19 Infection Prediction Model in Egypt Based on Deep Learning Using Population Mobility Reports
Authors: Khalifa Nour Eldeen , Mawgoud Ahmed A. , Abu-Talleb Amr , Taha Mohamed Hamed N. , Zhang Yu-Dong
Published: May 2023

The rapidly spreading COVID-19 disease had already infected more than 190 countries. As a result of this scenario, nations everywhere monitored confirmed cases of infection, cures, and fatalities and made predictions about what the future would hold. In the event of a pandemic, governments had set limit rules for the spread of the virus and save lives. Multiple computer methods existed for forecasting epidemic time series. Deep learning was one of the most promising methods for time-series prediction. In this research, we propose a model for predicting the spread of COVID-19 in Egypt based on deep learning sequence-to-sequence regression, which makes use of data on the population mobility reports. The presented model utilized a new combined dataset from two different sources. The first source is Google population mobility reports, and the second source is the number of infected cases reported daily “world in data” website. The suggested model could predict new cases of COVID-19 infection within 3–7 days with the least amount of prediction error. The proposed model achieved 96.69% accuracy for 3 days of prediction. This study is noteworthy since it is one of the first trials to estimate the daily influx of new COVID-19 infections using population mobility data instead of daily infection rates.
The effect of pandemics towards sustainable architectural evolution
Authors: Sumanti Anastasia Evangelista , Xian Gabriela Emilly , Novianto Didit
Published: May 2023

The pandemic has hit the world since 165 CE, which has impacted on how the planners, architects, and authorities responded to its condition until this era. Reviews of some building typologies are conducted to grasp how the space designs react to some of the world’s most significant pandemics during human civilization. First, a literature study on the world’s deadliest pandemics was con- ducted and listed the pandemics with a death toll of more than 1 million. As a result, the period of pandemics before 800 CE was found to have influenced the development of buildings, architecture, and cities in Rome to the Mediterranean and emerged the typology of Valetudinarium. Then, Lazzarettos appeared during the 1300 to 1800 CE pandemic period as the impact of global trade. In com- parison, the pandemics after the 1800 CE period are predicted to impact West- ern Architecture’s popularity and early modernization in Asia. Furthermore, after several flu pandemics in the early 19th century, humanity has recently faced a significant pandemic. This study has two main findings. The first one, regarding architectural evolution in responding to pandemics from early plagues to Small- pox and polio, identified the response for quarantine facilities. Second, regarding the answer in this era of the pandemic, the sustainability concept can accommo- date and present as architecture. The idea covers the pillars of sustainability.
The History of Parliament: The House of Commons 1640-1660 [Volume II]
Authors: Roberts Stephen K.
Published: May 2023

This is Volume 2. Constituencies: England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland of a 9-volume set providing the most comprehensive and complete study ever compiled about the turbulent period of the English and British Civil Wars and their aftermath.
Interactions Between Organic and Conventional Markets from Pest and Disease Outbreaks: The Case of the U.S. Apple Industry
Authors: Lim Hyun Jin , Gallardo R. Karina , Brady Michael P.
Published: May 2023

We use a dynamic model of the U.S. apple industry separated into organic and conventional production to better measure the impacts of pest or disease outbreaks on producers and consumers, along with an equilibrium displacement model to simulate welfare effects from various shocks compared to a baseline. Our results show that the impacts of the outbreaks differ between organic and conventional production methods. Growers’ and consumers’ responses to shocks differ widely across the industry. Farmers and policy makers should use these findings to appropriately respond to different shocks and production methods.
Heterogeneous Effects of Agricultural Technology Adoption on Smallholder Household Welfare in Ghana
Authors: Addai Kwabena Nyarko , Temoso Omphile , Ng’ombe John N.
Published: May 2023

This study uses a marginal treatment effects approach and farm household rice survey data from Northern Ghana to examine the heterogeneous effects of agricultural technologies on household welfare. Results indicate significant heterogeneity in the gains from the adoption of improved rice technologies among farmers. We found significant evidence of a pattern of positive selection on unobserved gains from the adoption of agricultural technologies on rice yield and household dietary diversity scores (HDDS). Moreover, the policy-relevant treatment effects suggest that reducing the distance to sources of agricultural technologies increases rice yield and HDDS through technology adoption.
Numerical simulation of an idealised Richtmyer–Meshkov instability shock tube experiment
Authors: Groom Michael , Thornber Ben
Published: May 2023

The effects of initial conditions on the evolution of the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) at early to intermediate times are analysed, using numerical simulations of an idealised version of recent shock tube experiments performed at the University of Arizona (Sewell et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 917, 2021, A41). The experimental results are bracketed by performing both implicit large-eddy simulations of the high-Reynolds-number limit as well as direct numerical simulations (DNS) at Reynolds numbers lower than those observed in the experiments. Various measures of the mixing layer width

$h$

, known to scale as

${\sim }t^\theta$

at late time, based on both the plane-averaged turbulent kinetic energy and volume fraction profiles are used to explore the effects of initial conditions on

$\theta$

and are compared with the experimental results. The decay rate

$n$

of the total fluctuating kinetic energy is also used to estimate

$\theta$

based on a relationship that assumes self-similar growth of the mixing layer. The estimates for

$\theta$

range between 0.44 and 0.52 for each of the broadband perturbations considered and are in good agreement with the experimental results. Decomposing the mixing layer width into separate bubble and spike heights

$h_b$

and

$h_s$

shows that, while the bubbles and spikes initially grow at different rates, their growth rates

$\theta _b$

and

$\theta _s$

have equalised by the end of the simulations. Overall, the results demonstrate important differences between broadband and narrowband surface perturbations, as well as persistent effects of finite bandwidth on the growth rate of mixing layers evolving from broadband perturbations. Good agreement is obtained with the experiments for the different quantities considered; however, the results also show that care must be taken when using measurements based on the velocity field to infer properties of the concentration field.
On the stability of inhomogeneous fluids under acoustic fields
Authors: Rajendran Varun Kumar , Aravind Ram S.P. , Subramani Karthick
Published: May 2023

In this work, we present the stability theory for inhomogeneous fluids subjected to standing acoustic fields. Starting from the first principles, the stability criterion is established for two fluids of different acoustic impedance (product of density and speed of sound of the fluid) separated by a plane interface. Through stability theory and numerical simulations, we show that, in the presence of interfacial tension, the relocation of high-impedance fluid from the pressure anti-node to the pressure node occurs when the acoustic force overcomes the interfacial tension force, which is in agreement with recent acoustic relocation experiments in the microchannel. Furthermore, we establish an acoustic Bond number that characterizes stable (

$Bo_{a}<1$

) and relocation (

$Bo_{a}>1$

) regimes. Remarkably, it is found that the critical acoustic energy density required for relocation can be significantly reduced by increasing the height of the channel which could help in designing acoustofluidic devices that handle immiscible fluids.
‘A Modest, but Peculiar Style’: Self-Fashioning, Atlantic Commerce, and the Culture of Adornment on the Urban Gold Coast
Authors: von Hesse Hermann W.
Published: May 2023

Through their participation in an unequal Atlantic commerce, African merchants on the Gold Coast consciously transformed their dress in ways that expressed their cultural dynamism and economic success in an increasingly interconnected world. In discussing the web of cross-cultural commercial exchanges between Africa, Asia, and Europe, this article moves away from the tendency to regard Africans who adorned themselves in imported European clothing and textiles as ‘creole’ or ‘Europeanized’ elites. Labels like these not only assume the existence of an African cultural essence, but (inadvertently) deny the dynamism that has always characterized African cultures prior to the Atlantic economy. In the case of the Gold Coast, I examine how the Gã and Fante mercantile elite translated imported textiles and clothing into new cultural meanings, aesthetics and norms that emphasized family integrity, power as well as the ancestral, material and commercial value of inherited imported articles of adornment.
Antitheatrical Prejudice: From Parish Priests to Diocesan Rituals in Early Modern France
Authors: Palacios Joy
Published: May 2023

For French theatre history, the seventeenth century paradoxically stands out as both the Grand Siècle, or golden age, in which Pierre Corneille, Molière, and Jean Racine produced their masterpieces, and as a period of intense antitheatrical sentiment in which Jansenist theologians like Pierre Nicole and Catholic bishops like Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet composed treatises against the stage and its players. French historiographers have given the name la querelle de la moralité du théâtre, or the quarrel over the theatre's morality, to the diverse episodes that called into question the theatre's place in public life in prerevolutionary France.1 This quarrel merits a performance analysis. Whereas theatre scholarship has devoted careful attention to the material features of early modern theatre practice, antitheatrical sentiment's story has largely been told as a progression of ideas.2 In works that remain essential reading, scholars such as Moses Barras, Marc Fumaroli, Jonas Barish, Simone de Reyff, Jean Dubu, Sylviane Léoni, and Laurent Thirouin have examined the rise and development of French arguments against the stage, reconstructing French antitheatrical sentiment's intellectual history from antiquity through the French Revolution.3 As demonstrated by titles such as Dubu's Les Églises chrétiennes et le théâtre [Christian churches and the theatre] and de Reyff's L’Église et le théâtre [the church and the theatre], enough of the period's antitheatrical fervor had religious roots that French theatre polemics are often also conceptualized as a conflict between the church and the theatre.
Cosmopolitan Capito: architectural benefaction by a Roman official in Late Julio-Claudian Miletus
Authors: Tomas Julia
Published: May 2023

This article explores the architectural benefactions of Gnaeus Vergilius Capito, a wealthy resident of Late Julio-Claudian Miletus, who held a number of positions in the Roman imperial administration prior to constructing the baths and theatre stage building in his home city. Through a detailed study of the archaeological and epigraphic evidence associated with Vergilius Capito, this article sheds light on when and why he built his public monuments and will demonstrate how members of the provincial elite like Capito, who had also been involved in local and wider imperial society, were represented
through architecture. It will also show how culturally bilingual individuals could play a fundamental role in promoting Roman cultural influence in Greek provincial settings and will advocate a more individual-focussed approach when discussing the influence of Rome on its provinces. The article concludes that Capito’s Roman-Milesian citizenship enabled him to mediate between the world of the Greek polis and that of the Roman imperial system and uses the medium of architectural benefaction as a vehicle for driving cultural change in provincial settings.
Précis ofWhat Babies Know
Authors: Spelke Elizabeth S.
Published: May 2023

Where does human knowledge begin? Research on human infants, children, adults, and nonhuman animals, using diverse methods from the cognitive, brain, and computational sciences, provides evidence for six early emerging, domain-specific systems of core knowledge. These automatic, unconscious systems are situated between perceptual systems and systems of explicit concepts and beliefs. They emerge early in infancy, guide children's learning, and function throughout life.
Neutral Temperature of Cometary Atmospheres
Authors: Shimizu Mikio
Published: May 2023

The spectral analysis of the coma and type I tails of a comet gives a clue to clarify the composition of the volatiles in its nucleus. The ultraviolet observation of strong H, O, and OH emissions in comets 1969 g and i by OAO II (Code and Savage, 1972) and the recent identification of H2O+ in the spectrum of 1973f (Wehinger et al., 1974) have suggested that the main constituent of cometary coma is H.O. It was also suggested from the computation of the ionization processes (Jackson and Donn, 1968) that CO and N. may be the second most abundant gases (some ten% by number) in comets. Other gases detected in the optical (C2, CN, C3…), ultraviolet (NH, CN) and radio (CH, CHg, CN) regions appears to be minor constituents of cometary atmospheres.
Far Ultraviolet Excitation Processes in Comets
Authors: Feldman P. D. , Opal C. B. , Meier R. R. , Nicolas K. R.
Published: May 2023

The recent observations of atomic oxygen and carbon in the far ultraviolet spectrum of Comet Kohoutek (1973f) (Feldman et al. 1974; Opal et al. 1974) have demonstrated the existence of these atomic species in the cometary coma. However, in order to identify the source of their origin, it is necessary to relate the observed ultraviolet flux to the atomic production rate. Assuming the only excitation mechanisms allowed are those produced by resonance scattering and fluorescence of solar ultraviolet radiation, the problem reduces to finding the emission rate factors (g-factors) as a function of the heliocentric comet velocity. Since the widths of the solar emission lines are smaller than the maximum heliocentric Doppler shift, given by

where q is the perihelion distance in A.U., it is necessary to consider the detailed multiplet structure of the transition, the solar line shape and the relaxation of excited fine structure levels.
Interpretation of Comet Spectra
Authors: Arpigny C.
Published: May 2023

This report will be devoted to a discussion of the theoretical interpretation of the spectra of comets and in this discussion we shall consider successively a number of molecules that have been studied recently: CN, CH, C2, C3, OH, CH+. The first two of this list, CN and CH, have been analysed in greatest detail until now, so that we shall be rather brief on the other molecules. We shall try to indicate what kind of information can be derived from these studies concerning the conditions prevailing in cometary atmospheres and to show which fundamental data are needed in the calculation of the theoretical spectra.
OH Observation of Comet Kohoutek (1973f) at 18 cm Wavelength
Authors: Biraud F. , Bourgois G. , Crovisier J. , Fillit R. , Gérard E. , Kazes I.
Published: May 2023

The main lines of OH at 18 cm wavelength were observed in Comet Kohoutek (1973f) from December 1973 through February 1974 with the Nancay radio telescope. They were detected in absorption in early December and reappeared in emission around mid-January. In a preliminary approach these results are interpreted in terms of U. V. pumping by the sum when the Fraunhofer spectrum is taken into account.
Cooling and Recombination Processes in Cometary Plasma
Authors: Wallis M. K. , Ong R.S.B.
Published: May 2023

It has long been recognized that collisional cooling and recombination processes are likely to be important in the inner cometary coma, in a 104 km radius region for the larger comets (Biermann & Trefftz 1964) Cherednichenko (1970) laid stress on dissociative recombination processes, as possibly playing a role in the production of observed ions and radicals. Oppenheimer, in his spirited contribution to this conference, emphasized that a variety of ion-molecule interactions occur relatively rapidly and probably take part in the production of known cometary radicals.
History of the Dust Released by Comets
Authors: Jambor B. J.
Published: May 2023

The origin of the Zodiacal cloud has been attributed to an influx of cometary debris which maintains a stable meteoritic complex (Whipple, 1955). Objections to a cometary origin of the Zodiacal cloud were presented by Harwit (1963) without denting the cometary theory (Whipple, 1967). Since then, the Finson-Probstein theory of dust production has been applied successfully to dusty comets. As a consequence size distributions of dust particles have been deduced for Arend Roland, 1957 III, (Finson and Probstein, 1968), Seki-Lines, 1962 III, (Jambor, 1973), Bennett, 1970 II, (Sekanina and Miller, 1973) and Kohoutek, 1973 f. (Jambor unpublished). Only careful consideration of the size distribution of the dust from periodic comets can resolve the problem of the origin of the Zodiacal cloud.. The following reexamines the production and history of the dust released from periodic comets using the Finson-Probstein theory and compares it to the size distribution of dust deduced from the above mentioned comets.
Scientific Possibilities of a Solar Electric Powered Rendezvous with Comet Encke
Authors: Newburn Ray L. , Elachi C. , Fanale F. P. , Giffin C. E. , Jaffe L. D. , Parker R. H. , Taylor F. W. , Thorpe T. E.
Published: May 2023

The present observational problem of understanding the nature and origin of comets is analogous to that we would face in attempting to understand a planet and its atmosphere if we possessed only data on its ionosphere and exosphere. Virtually everything we can observe remotely is a part of the rapidly escaping gas and dust atmosphere of the comet.
Personnel Files, Confidentiality and the Right to Privacy
Authors: Muropa Clyde
Published: May 2023

This study, which focuses on the Roman Catholic Church, explores the concepts of confidentiality and the right to privacy in contemporary moral and legal thought. The management of church personnel files presents the challenge of observing and maintaining confidentiality and privacy. In most cases, the information contained in personnel files of the clergy, members of religious institutes, and others holding ecclesiastical offices is confidential, which should safeguard the reputation of all persons involved. From a juridical viewpoint, the Church's innate duty to respect the dignity of the person, as well as the natural right of privacy and good name, forms the foundation of this study. Certain practices in the Church entail the collection, use, or retention of confidential information about individuals for internal purposes, the administration of justice, and the management of archives and documents in the diocesan curia. In the final analysis, the Church has the responsibility to both protect the privacy of all the faithful and to transmit the Gospel message transparently.
Reclaiming the Blessings of Religious Liberty: Religion and the American Constitutional Experiment
Authors: Witte John
Published: May 2023

Thomas Jefferson once described America's new religious freedom guarantees as a ‘fair’ and ‘novel experiment’.1These guarantees, set out in the new American state and federal constitutions of 1776 to 1791, defied the millennium-old assumptions inherited from Western Europe: that one form of Christianity must be established in a community and that the state must protect and support it against all other forms of faith. America would no longer suffer such governmental prescriptions and proscriptions of religion, Jefferson declared. All forms of Christianity had to stand on their own feet and on an equal footing with all other religions. Their survival and growth had to turn on the cogency of their word, not the coercion of the sword, and on the faith of their members, not the force of the law.
Two-level type theory and applications
Authors: Annenkov Danil , Capriotti Paolo , Kraus Nicolai , Sattler Christian
Published: May 2023

We define and develop two-level type theory (2LTT), a version of Martin-Löf type theory which combines two different type theories. We refer to them as the ‘inner’ and the ‘outer’ type theory. In our case of interest, the inner theory is homotopy type theory (HoTT) which may include univalent universes and higher inductive types. The outer theory is a traditional form of type theory validating uniqueness of identity proofs (UIP). One point of view on it is as internalised meta-theory of the inner type theory. There are two motivations for 2LTT. Firstly, there are certain results about HoTT which are of meta-theoretic nature, such as the statement that semisimplicial types up to level n can be constructed in HoTT for any externally fixed natural number n. Such results cannot be expressed in HoTT itself, but they can be formalised and proved in 2LTT, where n will be a variable in the outer theory. This point of view is inspired by observations about conservativity of presheaf models. Secondly, 2LTT is a framework which is suitable for formulating additional axioms that one might want to add to HoTT. This idea is heavily inspired by Voevodsky’s Homotopy Type System (HTS), which constitutes one specific instance of a 2LTT. HTS has an axiom ensuring that the type of natural numbers behaves like the external natural numbers, which allows the construction of a universe of semisimplicial types. In 2LTT, this axiom can be assumed by postulating that the inner and outer natural numbers types are isomorphic. After defining 2LTT, we set up a collection of tools with the goal of making 2LTT a convenient language for future developments. As a first such application, we develop the theory of Reedy fibrant diagrams in the style of Shulman. Continuing this line of thought, we suggest a definition of
$(\infty,1)$
-category and give some examples.
Relational Reading
Authors: Schaffer Talia
Published: May 2023

Two recently published books ask the same question: How might we read textual representations of Victorian women by focusing on their relationality, not their separate individuality? Ronjaunee Chatterjee's Feminine Singularity: The Politics of Subjectivity in Nineteenth-Century Literature and Carolyn Dever's Chains of Love and Beauty: The Diary of Michael Field both stress that multiple genres of Victorian writing depend upon the intimate play of tension and identification among women who are not-quite-one. They enact that idea, however, in rather different ways.
Love of novelty: a source of innovation-based growth… or underdevelopment traps?
Authors: Furukawa Yuichi , Lai Tat-kei , Sato Kenji
Published: May 2023

This study develops a new dynamic general equilibrium model to explore the role of people’s love of novelty as a cultural preference in innovation and innovation-based growth. The model considers (a) an infinitely lived representative consumer who has standard love-of-variety preferences for differentiated products and additional love-of-novelty preferences for new products and (b) technological progress driven by two costly and time-consuming innovation activities, new product development and existing product development. We demonstrate that consumers’ love of novelty is a source of innovation-based growth, wherein economies with a moderate love of novelty can achieve innovation and long-run growth through endogenous cycles between periods in which new product development is active and those in which existing product development is active. However, if love of novelty preference is too weak or too strong, the economy is caught in an underdevelopment trap with less innovation and no long-run growth. We also provide some suggestive empirical evidence that supports our theoretical predictions.
The association between language use and food insecurity among Hispanic adults residing in the USA depends on nativity
Authors: Lopez Miguel Angel , Fuster Melissa , Fleckman Julia M , George Amy , Chaparro M Pia
Published: May 2023

Objective:

To examine the association between language use – predominantly English, English and Spanish equally and predominantly Spanish – and food insecurity among Hispanic adults residing in the USA, 1999–2018.

Design:

Pooled cross-sectional study design.

Setting:

United States.

Participants:

15 073 Hispanic adults.

Results:

Compared with Hispanic adults who predominantly spoke English and after adjusting for age, sex, family income-to-poverty ratio, education level and employment status, Hispanic adults who spoke English and Spanish equally (OR = 1·28, 95 % CI = 1·05, 1·56) or predominantly Spanish (OR = 1·25, 95 % CI = 1·04, 1·49) had higher odds of food insecurity. After stratifying by country of birth, language use was associated with higher odds of food insecurity only for Hispanic adults born outside of the USA, but not for Hispanic adults born in the USA. Hispanic adults born outside of the USA who spoke English and Spanish equally (OR = 1·27, 95 % CI = 1·04, 1·55) or spoke predominantly Spanish (OR = 1·24, 95 % CI = 1·04, 1·48) had higher odds of food insecurity when compared with those who predominantly spoke English.

Conclusion:

Foreign-born Hispanic adults who speak predominantly Spanish, or English and Spanish equally, have higher odds of food insecurity. Food and nutrition assistance programmes that serve Hispanic immigrants should make sure to provide linguistically and culturally appropriate services to this population.
The anti-obesity effects of resveratrol on the 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Authors: Molani-Gol Roghayeh , Rafraf Maryam
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Obesity is a severe health problem worldwide due to its association with various adverse health consequences. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol, as a natural polyphenol, on the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar databases were searched up to March 2022 using relevant keywords. All original articles, written in English, evaluating the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol on the 3T3-L1 adipocytes were eligible for this review. Initially, 4361 records were found in the electronic search databases. After removing duplicates and irrelevant studies according to the title and abstract, the full text of the 51 articles was critically screened and 38 in vitro studies were included in this review. Except for one case, all of these studies reported that different doses (ranged 1–200 μM) of resveratrol treatment have anti-obesity effects on 3T3L1 adipocytes through various mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis, a decrease of fat accumulation and adipogenesis, promotion of white adipocytes browning, inhibition of preadipocyte proliferation and consequent differentiation, and up-regulation of miRNA that involved in the antiadipogenic and triacylglycerol metabolism in white adipose tissue. The findings indicate that resveratrol has anti-obesity effects. Therefore, resveratrol treatment could be used to prevent and treat obesity and its related disorders. Well-designed randomized clinical trials with different doses of resveratrol are recommended to be performed on obese subjects.
National Identity and Public-Welfare Behavior Among Chinese Adolescents
Authors: Wang Danyun , Tang Yuting , Wang Yulong
Published: May 2023

Abstract: Introduction: Public-welfare behavior is a special prosocial behavior. Actively participating in public welfare activities has an important impact on the psychological development of adolescents. According to the group identity theory, national identity may be an important factor affecting public-welfare behavior, but its functional mechanism remains unclear. This study explored how national identity influenced adolescents’ public-welfare behavior through the mediating role of social responsibility and the moderating role of sex. Methods: We selected a total of 969 adolescents by cluster sampling to complete the questionnaires. We used the Hayes PROCESS macro for SPSS to test the mediating role of social responsibility and the moderating role of sex in the relationship between national identity and public-welfare behavior. Results: Results showed that social responsibility fully mediated the relationship between national identity and public-welfare behavior among adolescents. In addition, the mediating effect of social responsibility was moderated by sex, that is, the mediating effect of social responsibility was significant in male adolescents but not in female adolescents. Conclusion: National identity may affect the public-welfare behavior of adolescents by improving social responsibility, albeit significantly only in male adolescents. Our findings enrich existing research on adolescents’ public-welfare behavior and inspire the targeted promotion of public-welfare behavior among adolescents.
Spezifische und unspezifische kognitive Defizite bei Erstklasskindern mit Handschriftschwierigkeiten
Authors: Truxius Lidia , Roebers Claudia M. , Wyss Judith Sägesser , Maurer Michelle N.
Published: May 2023

Zusammenfassung: Theoretischer Hintergrund: Handschriftschwierigkeiten beim Schuleinstieg sind keine Seltenheit, wobei die spezifische Beteiligung kognitiver Prozesse wie den exekutiven Funktionen (EF), sowie der visuomotorischer Integration (VMI) ungeklärt bleiben. Fragestellung: Welche kognitiven Defizite sind spezifisch für Kinder mit Handschriftschwierigkeiten und welche Defizite finden sich auch bei Erstklasskindern mit allgemeiner sonderpädagogischer Förderung? Methode: Kinder mit Handschriftschwierigkeiten ( N = 13), Kinder mit sonderpädagogischer Förderung ( N = 16) und Kinder ohne Förderung (gematchte Vergleichsgruppe; N = 23) wurden hinsichtlich kognitiver Prozesse und Schreibleistungen miteinander verglichen. Ergebnisse: Kinder mit Handschriftschwierigkeiten zeigten schwächere Leistungen in Massen des Schreibprozesses, im Handschriftunterricht und in der VMI. Auf deskriptiver Ebene war das Arbeitsgedächtnis im Vergleich zur Vergleichsgruppe in beiden Fördergruppen reduziert. Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung: Trotz einer eher geringen Stichprobengrösse stellte die VMI konsistent ein spezifisches Defizit für Handschriftschwierigkeiten dar. Die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich des Arbeitsgedächtnisses lassen ein unspezifisches Defizit vermuten.
Baseline Balloon Stratospheric Aerosol Profiles (B2SAP)—Systematic Measurements of Aerosol Number Density and Size
Authors: Todt Michael A. , Asher Elizabeth , Hall Emrys , Cullis Patrick , Jordan Allen , Xiong Kensy , Hurst Dale F. , Thornberry Troy
Published: May 2023

Stratospheric aerosol plays an important role in Earth's radiative balance. Systematic measurements of stratospheric aerosol number concentration and size are needed to characterize their baseline values and variability, improve understanding of aerosol microphysics, and assess the representation of stratospheric aerosol processes in global models. In situ measurements of particle size distribution provide insight into the responses of stratospheric aerosol processes to perturbations from volcanoes and wildfires, anthropogenic emissions from rockets and aircraft, or intentional injections related to climate intervention. The Baseline Balloon Stratospheric Aerosol Profiles (B2SAP) project uses compact, lightweight payloads carried by meteorological balloons to measure aerosol number density and size distributions, water vapor, ozone, and meteorological data from the surface to the middle stratosphere. The long‐term goal for the B2SAP project is to produce climatologies of aerosol number and size distributions into the middle stratosphere at latitudinally distributed measurement sites. Since March 2019, B2SAP payloads have been launched from Boulder, CO, USA once to twice per month and four to six times per year from Lauder, NZ. These measurements provide a new record of in situ stratospheric aerosol observations and are being used to help validate satellite‐based estimates of stratospheric aerosol size distributions. Here we present 50 vertical profiles from Boulder, CO, from March 2019 to March 2022, to build a NH mid‐latitude climatology of stratospheric aerosol and its variability and investigate the impact of natural perturbations on stratospheric aerosol microphysics.
Microplate Evolution in the Queen Charlotte Triple Junction & Explorer Region: New Insights From Microseismicity
Authors: Littel G. F. , Bostock M. G. , Schaeffer A. , Roecker S.
Published: May 2023

The Queen Charlotte triple junction/Explorer microplate region offshore British Columbia, Canada, is marked by poorly understood and rapidly evolving microplate tectonics. Although the region hosts abundant seismicity, it has received relatively scant attention in recent years due to its remote, offshore location. We use the Regressive ESTimator (REST) algorithm to generate a new catalog of automatically detected earthquakes from 1995 to 2021, which, when merged with the existing Geological Survey of Canada catalog, yields the most extensive seismicity data set offshore British Columbia to date. We apply double‐difference relocation to these events and perform stress inversions using moment tensors for subregions within the study area. Our results confirm and extend previous models of microplate deformation processes. We suggest the Revere‐Dellwood‐Queen Charlotte fault system has evolved as a NW‐migrating, pull‐apart system between Haida Gwaii and the Explorer ridge that obeys global length/width scaling and whose bathymetric expression is influenced by volcanism plausibly induced by interaction with the Kodiak‐Bowie hotspot. Seismicity within the Explorer microplate is dominated by prominent, northeast‐trending lineations that emanate from the Sovanco fracture zone and parallel the Nootka fault zone. Alignment of these features with spreading structures that bound the microplate suggests that its breakup is controlled primarily by a strength fabric inherited at spreading ridges. Stress inversions are dominated by near‐vertical intermediate compressive stress reflecting the dominance of strike‐slip faulting. Stress varies systematically between transpression to the north along southern Haida Gwaii and seafloor spreading to the south along the Juan de Fuca ridge.
Microbial Adaptations Within Fine‐Scale Soil Structure Alleviate Phosphorus Limitation on Carbon Sequestration Following Afforestation
Authors: Feng Jiao , Song Yanting , Zheng Jingmei , Long Chunyan , Zhang Dandan , Lu Yufei , Chen Qiong , Cheng Xiaoli
Published: May 2023

Afforestation effectively sequesters atmospheric carbon (C) into soil, with the magnitude of C sequestration being constrained by soil nutrient availability, particularly phosphorus (P) derived from parent material. While microbial communities inhabited within soil aggregates can adjust their composition and metabolic activities in response to afforestation, their effects on soil P availability remain uncertain. Here, we investigated how microbial adaptations within different soil aggregate‐size fractions (fine‐scale soil structure) were upscaled to influence P availability for soil C sequestration following long‐term (around 32 years) afforestation in subtropical China. We found that afforestation generally led to lower accumulation of total P relative to C and nitrogen (N) in soil aggregates, but induced higher P‐ versus C‐ and N‐acquiring enzyme activities (i.e., lower ecoenzymatic C:P and N:P ratios) compared with the croplands. Structural equation modeling analysis further showed that ecoenzymatic C:P and N:P ratios were primarily associated with the abundance of fungi in the macroaggregates (>250 μm), but showed significant correlations with the abundance of bacteria in the <250 μm finer soil particles. These results revealed that microbial community within different soil aggregate‐size fractions developed divergent strategies to overcome P limitation on soil C sequestration and cope with soil C:N:P imbalance following afforestation. Taken together, our work underpins that fine‐scale soil structural effects are important for the mechanistic understanding of soil P availability and their impacts on C sequestration following afforestation.
Apicobasal RNA asymmetries regulate cell fate in the early mouse embryo
Authors: Hawdon Azelle , Geoghegan Niall D. , Mohenska Monika , Elsenhans Anja , Ferguson Charles , Polo Jose M. , Parton Robert G. , Zenker Jennifer
Published: May 2023

The spatial sorting of RNA transcripts is fundamental for the refinement of gene expression to distinct subcellular regions. Although, in non-mammalian early embryogenesis, differential RNA localisation presages cell fate determination, in mammals it remains unclear. Here, we uncover apical-to-basal RNA asymmetries in outer blastomeres of 16-cell stage mouse preimplantation embryos. Basally directed RNA transport is facilitated in a microtubule- and lysosome-mediated manner. Yet, despite an increased accumulation of RNA transcripts in basal regions, higher translation activity occurs at the more dispersed apical RNA foci, demonstrated by spatial heterogeneities in RNA subtypes, RNA-organelle interactions and translation events. During the transition to the 32-cell stage, the biased inheritance of RNA transcripts, coupled with differential translation capacity, regulates cell fate allocation of trophectoderm and cells destined to form the pluripotent inner cell mass. Our study identifies a paradigm for the spatiotemporal regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression governing mammalian preimplantation embryogenesis and cell fate.