bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-Management Support (SMS) in Transition: The Case of Osteoporosis Management Support in a Chinese Hospital
Authors: Huang Jinling , Ding Xianghua
Published: November 2024

Self-management has become increasingly important with the growing population living with chronic conditions. Self-Management Support (SMS) provided in healthcare systems is essential for its success. While prior research mainly focuses on Western countries, this paper presents a study of SMS practices for osteoporosis management as part of a Whole Course Management (WCM) program recently implemented in the healthcare system in China, which features a new role called case manager in the hospital dedicated to SMS and related coordination. Based on interviews with 22 participants, including one case manager, two physicians, three nurses, seven patients, and nine caregivers, we highlight the importance of the role of case manager in promoting awareness of osteoporosis and self-management, integrated care coordination, and emotional support. At the same time, it also reveals challenges and promising directions to make SMS more effective, mainly in terms of self-management education, active patient involvement, and coordination among the care network. We ended by reflecting on our findings and discussing implications for SMS and the design of ICTs.
Development of a simple test to quantify the consolidation properties of liquefied granular materials
Authors: Tauskela L. , Adamidis O. , Take W. A.
Published: November 2024

Liquefaction can have devastating consequences by causing increased mobility of debris flows, tailings dam breaches, and settlement following seismic shaking. Observations on the consolidation behaviour of liquefied soils in 1-g or centrifuge shake table tests have permitted significant advancements in analytical and numerical methods to predict the rate and magnitude of consolidation settlement. However, advanced consolidation models introduce material parameters which are currently difficult to define quickly and at low cost. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the development of a simple, low-cost test that can be used to quickly estimate the spatially and temporally varying coefficient of consolidation, which controls post-liquefaction settlements. Using the proposed simple setup, experiments were conducted on four uniformly graded sands of varying grain size and on one well-graded mixture. A range of analytical and numerical approaches from literature were assessed for their ability to back-analyse the observed pore pressure dissipation and settlement. Estimated values for the coefficient of consolidation were comparable between models and estimates of surface settlement matched well the experimental results. The simplicity of the proposed test combined with its low-cost and mobile nature, raise significant possibilities for quick estimations of the evolution of the coefficient of consolidation post-liquefaction.
Corrosion, Impact Toughness and Tensile Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels Manufactured by Directed Energy Deposition
Authors: Hassel Trond Arne , Kulbotten Inge Morten , Arbo Siri Marthe , Rørvik Gisle , Brøtan Vegard , Sørby Knut
Published: November 2024

Duplex stainless steels provide a desirable combination of corrosion resistance, strength and toughness. Additive manufacturing of duplex stainless steels can be challenging due to high cooling rates and repeated reheating, which can produce detrimental microstructural constituents. In this study, a coaxial directed energy deposition system with laser and wire was used to deposit 2205, 2209 and 2509 duplex stainless steels. Corrosion resistance, strength and impact toughness in both as-built and solution annealed condition was tested and the microstructure was characterized. Solution annealing improved impact toughness considerably, produced a slight increase in corrosion resistance and a slight decrease in tensile strength. The 2205 material surpassed all common requirements and exhibited better corrosion resistance than 2209 due to less segregation between austenite and ferrite. Segregation of alloying elements was lower in intragranular austenite than grain boundary allotriomorph and Widmanstätten austenite. The 2209 and 2509 materials provided relatively low strength, especially in the solution annealed condition. For the 2509 material, sigma phase caused low as-built corrosion resistance and impact toughness. Overmatching welding consumables were found to be less suitable as feedstock for additive manufacturing due to high austenite content in the deposited material and lower corrosion resistance than conventional duplex compositions.
The Impact of Domestic Violence on the experience of being a mother: a systematic review of the subjective accounts of survivors
Authors: Ncanywa Uviwe , Hassem Tasneem , Amone-P’Olak Kennedy
Published: November 2024

Domestic violence (DV) is still a silent public health pandemic globally, more so during the COVID-19 pandemic. Domestic abuse has a well-documented impact on women and its potential transgenerational consequences for their children. However, the influence of DV on a survivor's experience as a parent is rarely studied, especially in developing nations. Through a systematic review, this study aimed to examine and synthesise current global research on DV survivors' experiences regarding their parenting capacities. The objective was to understand how DV survivors perceive how their parenting capacities were impacted by the experience of DV. Five databases were searched between the periods 2010 to 2020. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Through a thematic analysis of the included articles, three core themes emerged: first, the mothers’ state of psychosocial and physical health, exacerbated or associated with the DV experience, holds association with their perceived capacity within a parental role. Second, the influence of DV on motherhood is not necessarily predictive of negative parenting practices but somewhat contingent on the mothers’ ability to mobilise supportive internal and external resources, which are often restricted and disrupted by the abusive partner. Last, decisions to leave the abusive partner are complex and subjectively reasoned by the mothers, with a common intention to protect the family. These findings suggest that more comprehensive support and preventative interventions are needed in local communities to create supportive environments that are accessible to mothers who parent in the context of DV.
Maternal narcissism and child maladjustment: a dyadic study
Authors: Estlein Roi , Gewirtz-Meydan Ateret , Finzi-Dottan Ricky
Published: November 2024

The goal of the present study was to examine the association between a mother’s narcissistic traits (grandiose or vulnerable) and her child maladjustment, while exploring the possible mediating role of the mother’s parenting style (i.e., accepting or rejecting) and her perception of the child as difficult. Results from a three-step regression model using a sample of 252 mother-child dyads indicated that only mother’s vulnerable narcissism, but not grandiose narcissism, was significantly associated with child maladjustment. This association, however, was mediated by mother’s perception of her child as difficult, suggesting an intricate interplay between mothers’ personality traits and children’s psychological characteristics. In addition, rejecting parenting did not significantly mediate the association between maternal vulnerable narcissism and child maladjustment but rather, also seemed to be by itself mediated by mother’s perception of her child as difficult, calling for further consideration of mechanisms that may underlie the long documented direct association between parenting behaviors and child outcomes. Theoretically, our findings imply that previous assumptions about direct influences of parenting styles on child outcomes may be explained by underlying mechanisms, such as a mother’s perception of her child. Clinically, our findings have implications for developing interventions aimed at improving child well-being, particularly in families where maternal vulnerable narcissism exists, by focusing on maternal perceptions and providing emotional support.
MXene Hybridized Polymer with Enhanced Electromagnetic Energy Harvest for Sensitized Microwave Actuation and Self-Powered Motion Sensing
Authors: Wang Yu-Ze , Wang Yu-Chang , Liu Ting-Ting , Zhao Quan-Liang , Li Chen-Sha , Cao Mao-Sheng
Published: November 2024

Polymeric microwave actuators combining tissue-like softness with programmable microwave-responsive deformation hold great promise for mobile intelligent devices and bionic soft robots. However, their application is challenged by restricted electromagnetic sensitivity and intricate sensing coupling. In this study, a sensitized polymeric microwave actuator is fabricated by hybridizing a liquid crystal polymer with Ti3C2Tx (MXene). Compared to the initial counterpart, the hybrid polymer exhibits unique space-charge polarization and interfacial polarization, resulting in significant improvements of 230% in the dielectric loss factor and 830% in the apparent efficiency of electromagnetic energy harvest. The sensitized microwave actuation demonstrates as the shortened response time of nearly 10 s, which is merely 13% of that for the initial shape memory polymer. Moreover, the ultra-low content of MXene (up to 0.15 wt%) benefits for maintaining the actuation potential of the hybrid polymer. An innovative self-powered sensing prototype that combines driving and piezoelectric polymers is developed, which generates real-time electric potential feedback (open-circuit potential of ~ 3 mV) during actuation. The polarization-dominant energy conversion mechanism observed in the MXene-polymer hybrid structure furnishes a new approach for developing efficient electromagnetic dissipative structures and shows potential for advancing polymeric electromagnetic intelligent devices.
Development of a Shoelace Tensile Testing System and Investigation into the Effects of Different Running Speeds on Shoelace Tensile Variation
Authors: Wei Shutao , Guo Xinyu , Zhao Shaocong , Yan Biao , Li Lingjun , Pan Jiahao , Li Li
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the validity and sensitivity of a custom-made shoelace tensile testing system. The aim was to analyze the distribution pattern of shoelace tension in different positions and under different tightness levels during running. Mechanical tests were conducted using 16 weights, and various statistical analyses, including linear regression, Bland-Altman plots, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient, were performed to assess the system’s validity. Fifteen male amateur runners participated in the study, and three conditions (loose, comfortable, and tight) were measured during an upright stance. The system utilized VICON motion systems, a Kistler force plate, and a Photoelectric gate speed measurement system. Results showed a linear relationship between voltage and load at the three sensors (R2 ≥ 0.9997). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated 95% prediction intervals within ± 1.96SD from zero for all sensors. The average coefficient of variation for each sensor was less than 0.38%. Intraclass correlation coefficient values were larger than 0.999 (p<0.0001) for each sensor. The peak tension of the front shoelace was greater than that of the front and middle when the shoelace was loose and tight. The rear shoelace had the highest tension force. The study also found that shoelace tension varied throughout the gait cycle during running. Overall, this research provides a novel and validated method for measuring shoelace tensile stress, which has implications for developing automatic shoelace fastening systems.
Market structure, power, and the unfair trading practices directive in the EU food sector: a review of indicators
Authors: Nes Kjersti , Colen Liesbeth , Ciaian Pavel
Published: November 2024

Competition and power imbalances in the food chain are under increased scrutiny from policy makers. We assess the competitive conditions in the EU food sector, using firm-level accounting data to examine firm size distributions and market concentration (for 10 countries), and production-function-derived markups (for 7 countries) for food manufacturing, retail, and wholesale industries. Key findings include the following: (i) most firms are small, but larger firms generate most turnover; (ii) concentration is notable in certain subsectors (25% of retail/wholesale and 50% manufacturing subsectors); (iii) the correlation between turnover size, markups, and concentration at subsector level is weak. We discuss the implications for the use of turnover-based classification in the EU policy initiative on unfair trading practices.
Clashes of techno-statecraft: US-China technology rivalry and South Korea’s strategy?
Authors: Moon Chung-in , Yeon Wonho
Published: November 2024

The current conflictual dynamics underlying high-tech rivalry between China and the United States and the management of collateral damages by middle-power countries emanate from the clashes of techno-statecraft. Each country’s pursuit of technological superiority for its own prosperity, security, and prestige through deep and wide state intervention has aggravated the situation. Against this backdrop, our paper attempts to elucidate the dynamics of techno-statecraft of China, the United States, and South Korea. First, we examined the concept of techno-statecraft, which can be differentiated from that of economic statecraft, as an analytical framework of the paper. Second, we looked into China’s technological challenge as shaped by its techno-statecraft. Third, we traced the American threat perception of China’s technological rise and its techno-statecraft response. Fourth, the paper discussed the dilemmas Asian countries are currently facing and their choices through a case study of South Korea. Finally, it draws some theoretical, empirical, and policy implications.
Mobility of essential macro- and micro-elements in interaction between artificial sweat and potential peloids of some saline lakes in Mongolia
Authors: Batzul Javzmaa , Zandraa Badnainyambuu , Baasankhuu Tserenkhand , Tumur Batzul , Ouyntsetseg Bolormaа , Dorjsuren Batsuren , Gongor Erdenechimeg
Published: November 2024

Individuals may experience health issues attributable to environmental pollution, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy dietary habits. In response, numerous non-pharmaceutical treatments and techniques have emerged, with therapy mud being one such approach. The primary aim of this research was to analyze the chemical and mineralogical compositions of peloids obtained from six salt lakes: Taigan (LI), Duruu (LII), Khadaasan (LIII), Ikhes (LIV), Tonkhil (LV), and Khulmaa (LVI) in the Gobi-Altai province of Mongolia. Sample analyses involved X-ray diffraction for mineralogical assessment and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (Agilent Technologies 7800 series in Canada) for determining the chemical composition of the solid phase. Among essential macro- and microelements, Mg, Cа, Na, K, Sr, Ga, Mo, and Se had been leached from peloid to artificial sweat. Sn (0.01 μg g–1) at LIV and LVI lakes and Cu (0.01 μg g–1) at LV lake transferred from peloids to sweat, but no mobility of these elements in other peloids was detected. Li (0.02–0.04 μg g–1) was adsorbed from the sweat to potential peloids in LV, LIV, LIII, and LI lakes, while As (0.04–0.09 μg g–1) leached from peloids to sweat in all lakes except for LII. Zn (0.01 μg g–1) and Cr (0.04 μg g–1) transferred from the sweat to peloids in all lakes. Macroelements (Na, K, Ca, and Mg) and microelements (Mo, Se), which are essential for the human body, leached from the peloid to sweat. However, the mobility of toxic elements was minimal. Among micro-elements, the transition of Sr occurred the most, which can be explained by the Sr content in the peloid.
Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of montmorillonite/TiO2 nanocomposites for rhodamine B degradation under UVC irradiation
Authors: Dao Bang Tam Thi , Ha Thu Loan Thi , Nguyen Trung Do , Le Hon Nhien , Vu Tien Trung , Nguyen Huu Truong , Ha-Thuc Chi-Nhan
Published: November 2024

The increasing contamination of water by organic dyes causes water pollution in the enviroment. Factories discharge untreated effluents into nearby water courses adding to the existing water pollution; this poses a significant environmental challenge. Hence there is a pressing demand to develop efficient technology for wastewater treatment, and photocatalysis has emerged as an advanced oxidation process with a green chemical approach for such treatment. This study aims to synthesize montmorillonite/TiO2 (Mnt/TiO2) photocatalysts and clarify the effect of montmorillonite content on the photodegradation of the organic dye rhodamine B (RhB). Mnt/TiO2 was prepared by a chemical method with various mass ratios of mMnt:mTiO2 based on the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Mnt. The physicochemical properties of the samples prepared were determined by the following methods: energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the RhB solution of Mnt/TiO2 was investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy under UVC irradiation. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS) was used to identify the photocatalytic by-products. The results showed that the structure of the nanocomposites has a ‘house-of-cards’ form with TiO2 nanoparticles randomly distributed on the surface and sheets of clay minerals. The best mass ratio of mMnt:mTiO2 is 10:1, corresponding to a 10 ppm RhB solution decolorization efficiency of 91.5% in 210 min. In this study, Mnt/TiO2 successfully cleaved the dye chromophore structure and broke the RhB rings into small and broken-ring compounds.
Comparative study of the adsorption of tetracycline on clay minerals with various nanostructures: allophane, halloysite, and montmorillonite
Authors: Ma Qiyi , Zhao Ning , Wang Shun , Zhang Baifa , Li Mengyuan , Liu Dong , Zhou Xiang , Rudmin Maxim , Mulaba-Bafubiandi Antoine F. , Yuan Peng
Published: November 2024

With the over-use of tetracycline (TC) and its ultimate accumulation in aquatic systems, the demand for TC removal from contaminated water is increasing due to its severe threat to public health. Clay minerals have attracted great attention as low-cost adsorbents for controlling water pollution. The objective of the present study was to measure the adsorption behavior and mechanisms of TC on allophane, a nanosized clay mineral with a hollow spherical structure; to highlight the advantage of the allophane nanostructure, a further objective was to compare allophane with halloysite and montmorillonite, which have nanostructures that differ from allophane. Structural features and surface physicochemical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, N2-physisorption, and acid–base titration. The adsorption data showed that TC adsorption followed the pseudo-second order and Langmuir models. The adsorption was pH dependent, as all three clay minerals performed better under neutral to weakly alkaline conditions and maintained high adsorption performance in the presence of co-existing Na+/K+/Ca2+/Mg2+ cations. Regeneration of the adsorbent was excellent, with efficiencies exceeding 75% after five recycles. By comparison, allophane always exhibited the greatest adsorption capacity, up to 796 mg g–1 at ~pH 9. The TC adsorption on allophane and halloysite was dominated by inner-sphere complexation, together with a small amount of electrostatic adsorption, while that on montmorillonite involved mainly interlayer cation exchange. The findings provide insights into the effects of nanostructures of clay minerals on their TC adsorption performance and highlight the huge potential of allophane as an efficient and inexpensive adsorbent for TC removal.
FSBrick: an information model for representing fault-symptom relationships in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems
Authors: Hwang Min Young , Akinci Burcu , Bergés Mario
Published: November 2024

Current fault diagnosis (FD) methods for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems do not accommodate for system reconfigurations throughout the systems’ lifetime. However, system reconfiguration can change the causal relationship between faults and symptoms, which leads to a drop in FD accuracy. In this paper, we present Fault-Symptom Brick (FSBrick), an extension to the Brick metadata schema intended to represent information necessary to propagate system configuration changes onto FD algorithms, and ultimately revise FSRs. We motivate the need to represent FSRs by illustrating their changes when the system reconfigures. Then, we survey FD methods’ representation needs and compare them against existing information modeling efforts within and outside of the HVAC sector. We introduce the FSBrick architecture and discuss which extensions are added to represent FSRs. To evaluate the coverage of FSBrick, we implement FSBrick on (i) the motivational case study scenario, (ii) Building Automation Systems’ representation of FSRs from 3 HVACs, and (iii) FSRs from 12 FD method papers, and find that FSBrick can represent 88.2% of fault behaviors, 92.8% of fault severities, 67.9% of symptoms, and 100% of grouped symptoms, FSRs, and probabilities associated with FSRs. The analyses show that both Brick and FSBrick should be expanded further to cover HVAC component information and mathematical and logical statements to formulate FSRs in real life. As there is currently no generic and extensible information model to represent FSRs in commercial buildings, FSBrick paves the way to future extensions that would aid the automated revision of FSRs upon system reconfiguration.
Assessing the Public Health Implications of Aviation Terrorism: A Retrospective Analysis of Global Trends and Response Strategies
Authors: Mani Zakaria , Goniewicz Krzysztof
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Terrorist attacks on the aviation sector represent a significant security challenge due to the high-profile status of airports and aircraft. These attacks not only jeopardize global security but also have severe public health repercussions, leading to widespread casualties and psychological distress.

Methods

This study conducted a comprehensive retrospective analysis using data from the Global Terrorism Database to explore the patterns, frequencies, and impacts of terrorist attacks on the aviation sector worldwide. The analysis spanned incidents from 1970 to 2020, focusing on attack types, affected regions, and the direct and indirect health consequences arising from these incidents.

Results

Over the 50-year period, the study identified 1183 terrorist attacks targeting the aviation sector. Bombings and explosions emerged as the most common and deadliest forms of attack, responsible for the majority of fatalities and injuries. The data also highlighted significant regional disparities, with certain areas experiencing higher frequencies of attacks and more severe outcomes. Notably, North America bore a disproportionately high number of fatalities, primarily due to the events of September 11, 2001.

Conclusions

The findings emphasize the ongoing and evolving threat of terrorism in the aviation industry, underscoring the critical need for a proactive and comprehensive approach to security and public health preparedness. Future strategies should prioritize the integration of advanced technological solutions, enhanced international cooperation, and thorough public health planning to mitigate the impact of terrorist attacks on aviation effectively.
A smooth compactification of spaces of stability conditions: the case of the
$A_{n}$
-quiver
Authors: Barbieri Anna , Möller Martin , So Jeonghoon
Published: November 2024

We propose a notion of multi-scale stability conditions with the goal of providing a smooth compactification of the quotient of the space of projectivized Bridgeland stability conditions by the group of autoequivalence. For the case of the 3CY category associated with the

$A_n$

-quiver, this goal is achieved by defining a topology and complex structure that relies on a plumbing construction.

We compare this compactification to the multi-scale compactification of quadratic differentials and briefly indicate why even for the Kronecker quiver, this notion needs refinement to provide a full compactification.
A Tale of Two Cities. Policy-Based and Science-Based Relevance in History of Education
Authors: Cardon-Quint Clémence
Published: November 2024

There are two different ways to seek relevance in the history of education field. One involves closely aligning with contemporary debates to offer a “ready-to-use” historical perspective to education system stakeholders. The other entails diverging from conventional problem frameworks to tackle commonly overlooked or unexplored questions. This requires drawing new perspectives, ideas and knowledge from other research fields.
From Path Dependence to Alternative Paths
Authors: Wiley Kathryn E. , Reed Douglas S.
Published: November 2024

In this essay, we explore the concept of path dependence through the example of the long-standing issue of racialized exclusionary school discipline. We argue that historians of education can reduce policy makers’ tendency to continue down existing policy paths (especially unhelpful ones), a phenomenon known as path dependence. We use racialized school discipline as a case in point. We also argue, however, that path dependence as an analytical tool can be “too much of a good thing” because it discounts the viability of ever-present options to change course. The real challenge lies in creating processes of path alteration that impose costs on policymakers for readopting policies shown to have such deleterious effects.
Assessing the genetic composition of invasive knotweeds (Reynoutria; Polygonaceae) using data from the first intron and second exon of the nuclear LEAFY gene
Authors: Tippery Nicholas P. , Sabol Morgan M. , Koehler Jenna G. , Topol Colin E. , Crossgrove Kirsten
Published: November 2024

In places where multiple related taxa are invasive and known to hybridize, it is important to have correct identifications to enable an appropriate legal, ecological, and management understanding of each kind of invader. Invasive knotweeds in the genus Reynoutria Houtt. are noxious weeds in Europe, North America, Africa, and Oceania, where they disrupt native plant communities and negatively impact human activities. Two species (R. japonica Houtt., R. sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) Nakai) and their hybrid (known as R. × bohemica Chrtek & Chrtková) have similar invasive tendencies, although there are some noted differences among them in their reproduction potential, ecological tolerance, and effect on native communities. Prior studies demonstrated that there is not only one kind of interspecific hybrid, but in fact at least four kinds that differ in the sequence variants they possess from each parent. Thus, in addition to identifying plants as hybrids, it may become important to distinguish each kind of hybrid when considering control or treatment strategies. In the current study, we expand the available genetic information for invasive knotweeds by providing expanded DNA sequence data for the low-copy nuclear gene LEAFY, which has become important for characterizing hybrids. Our methods recover the same LEAFY genotypes that were identified previously for the commonly sequenced second intron, and we also provide sequence data for the first intron and second exon of the gene.
Aerodynamic heating in hypersonic shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction
Authors: Tang Zhenyuan , Xu Haonan , Li Xueying , Ren Jing
Published: November 2024

In hypersonic flight the shock wave and turbulent boundary layer interaction (STBLI) sharply increases wall heat transfer that intensifies the aerodynamic heating problems. In this work the STBLI is modelled by compression ramp flow with a Mach number of 5, a Reynolds number based on momentum thickness of 4652 and a wall to recovery temperature ratio of 0.5. The aerodynamic heat generation and transport mechanisms are investigated in the interaction based on theoretical analysis and direct numerical simulation (DNS) that agrees with previous studies. A prediction correlation of wall heat flux in STBLI is deduced theoretically and validated by some representative data including the present DNS, which improves the prediction accuracy and can be applied to a wider

$Ma$

range compared with the canonical Q-P theory. The correlation indicates that the sharp increase of wall heat transfer in the STBLI can be explained by the boundary layer compression and the convection transport enhancement. Based on the DNS results, the aerodynamic heat generation and transport mechanisms are revealed in the separation, recirculation and reattachment zones in the STBLI. From this perspective, the peak heat flux can be further explained by the enhancement of near-wall turbulent energy dissipation, compression aerodynamic heat generation and the near-wall turbulent transport. The generation and transport of compression aerodynamic heat reveal the underlying mechanism of the strong correlation between the peak heat flux ratios and the pressure ratios in STBLIs.
Effect of an incoming Gaussian wave packet on underlying turbulence
Authors: Xuan Anqing , Deng Bing-Qing , Shen Lian
Published: November 2024

We present a simulation-based study of the effect of a passing wave packet on underlying fully developed turbulence. We propose a novel wave-phase-resolved simulation method inspired by Helmholtz decomposition to directly couple the turbulence simulation with instantaneous wave orbital motions without wave-phase averaging. We also introduce a boundary condition treatment for the turbulence at the wave surface, which allows the turbulence simulation to be conducted in a rectangular domain while retaining the wave-phase effect. The results obtained from the proposed method reveal considerable variations in turbulence statistics, including the enstrophy and Reynolds normal stresses, during wave packet passage. Most changes occur rapidly when the narrow bandwidth around the wave packet core passes. Further analyses of the energy spectra indicate that the enhancement of turbulence occurs across a wide range of scales, with the near-surface small-scale motions experiencing the most significant intensification. Meanwhile, large-scale motions with scales comparable to the boundary layer depth are also enhanced. The mechanisms underlying the Reynolds normal stress variation at different length scales are related to the energy transfer from the wave orbital straining to turbulence through production, the pressure–strain effect, the pressure diffusion and the wave advection. By assessing the turbulence statistics and dynamics impacted by a wave packet in detail, this study provides an improved understanding of the response of a developed turbulent flow to a transient wave field. The proposed simulation method also proves to be a promising phase-resolved approach for efficiently modelling the wave effect on turbulence.
Barriers and facilitators influencing the choice of a vegetarian menu in a university cafeteria
Authors: Bertoni Maluf Valeria A. , Fabbi Sidonie , Cerqueira Azevedo Carolina , Carrard Isabelle
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study examined the barriers and facilitators that influence vegetarian menu choices in a university cafeteria in Geneva, Switzerland. As a first step, an online survey developed by the authors based on the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behaviour (COM-B) model was e-mailed to all university students and staff. In the second step, focus groups (FG) were held to complete the survey responses and identify what needed to be changed to promote the choice of the vegetarian menu in the cafeteria. Data from 304 participants collected through the survey was analysed. The main mentioned barriers were lack of vegetarian options, tastelessness and insufficient satiation. The facilitators that emerged from the survey were the price of the vegetarian menu for students and health and environmental benefits. Thirteen people participated in four FG sessions, which were analysed using thematic analysis. Five themes were identified: spontaneous menu selection, predefined menu selection, influence of opportunity on menu selection, influence of environmental sensitivity on menu selection, and threat to identity in menu selection. The choice of a vegetarian menu in a university cafeteria was mainly influenced by the attractiveness and taste of the plate. Future strategies to reduce food-related greenhouse gas emissions should (a) ensure the quality and attractiveness of the vegetarian menu, especially to appeal to the more resistant, such as men and omnivores, and (b) inform consumers about the guarantee of balanced nutrient intake of the vegetarian menu offered in the cafeteria, and about health and environmental benefits.
Calving dynamics at Jakobshavn Isbrae (Sermeq Kujalleq) controlled by local geometry: insights from a 3D Stokes calving model
Authors: Wheel Iain , Crawford Anna J. , Benn Douglas I.
Published: November 2024

We present the first simulations of Jakobshavn Isbrae (Sermeq Kujalleq), west Greenland, using a 3D Stokes calving model that permits unrestricted advance and retreat. Using the position-based crevasse-depth calving law, the model is applied to simulate the calving dynamics of 2016–2017 season when Jakobshavn Isbrae is assumed to be stable because of the presence of a strong proglacial ice mélange. The calving law needs to be adjusted to avoid an underestimation of calving, but once adjusted the calving model simulates seasonal calving dynamics that reflect observed calving-driven retreat very well. We find that a crevasse penetration threshold of 94.5% best matches observations from satellite imagery. Additional, 2-year transient simulations show that although ice mélange is essential to the glacier's winter readvance, when removed, the glacier only retreats a couple of kilometres before reaching a stable position. While the backstress provided by the ice mélange allows the glacier to advance beyond this point, the retreated terminus position is determined by a combination of bed geometry and glacier dynamics. Ultimately, while the ice mélange allows winter readvance, cessation of the well-documented rapid retreat of Jakobshavn Isbrae will be influenced by the bed geometry.
Domestic Activities and Culinary Practices at Lomas Entierros, Costa Rica: A Perspective from Chemical Residues, Starch Grain Analyses, and Micro-archaeology
Authors: Núñez-Cortés Yajaira , Barba-Pingarrón Luis , Cruz-Palma Jorge E. , Ortiz-Butrón Agustín , Rodríguez Marlene
Published: November 2024

The Lomas Entierros archaeological site provides a case study of domestic activities in two socioeconomic sectors. Located in Central Pacific Costa Rica, it was a primary center and important node for the exchange of goods throughout the region. In this article, we characterize and compare the domestic and socioeconomic activities at two structures from different sectors of the site through the analysis of micro-remains, chemical residues (phosphates, carbonates, pH, carbohydrates, protein residues, and fatty acids), and starch grains. Our findings show that differences between the two structures were determined both by their function and the socioeconomic status of their occupants. Structure 13, in the elite sector, presents a richer dataset that suggests the cooking of plants and mollusks in the interior of the dwelling. Structure 44, in the intermediate-status sector, has a lower diversity and density of remains, suggesting very low use that may result from its role as a storage space. This article provides a nuanced methodology for the study of domestic spaces in tropical areas.
The socle of subshift algebras, with applications to subshift conjugacy
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel , Royer Danilo
Published: November 2024

We introduce the concept of ‘irrational paths’ for a given subshift and useit to characterize all minimal left ideals in the associated unital subshift algebra. Consequently, we characterize the socle as the sum of the ideals generated by irrational paths. Proceeding, we construct a graph such that the Leavitt path algebra of this graph is graded isomorphic to the socle. This realization allows us to show that the graded structure of the socle serves as an invariant for the conjugacy of Ott–Tomforde–Willis subshifts and for the isometric conjugacy of subshifts constructed with the product topology. Additionally, we establish that the socle of the unital subshift algebra is contained in the socle of the corresponding unital subshift C*-algebra.
Additive energies of subsets of discrete cubes
Authors: Shao Xuancheng
Published: November 2024

For a positive integer

$n \geq 2$

, define tn to be the smallest number such that the additive energy E(A) of any subset

$A \subset \{0,1,\cdots,n-1\}^d$

and any d is at most

$|A|^{t_n}$

. Trivially, we have

$t_n \leq 3$

and

\begin{equation*} t_n \geq 3 - \log_n\frac{3n^3}{2n^3+n} \end{equation*}

by considering

$A = \{0,1,\cdots,n-1\}^d$

. In this note, we investigate the behaviour of tn for large n and obtain the following non-trivial bounds:

\begin{equation*} 3 - (1+o_{n\rightarrow\infty}(1)) \log_n \frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4} \leq t_n \leq 3 - \log_n(1+c), \end{equation*}

where c > 0 is an absolute constant.
Liouville theorems for the sub-linear Lane–Emden equation on the half space
Authors: Luo Huxiao
Published: November 2024

In this article, we study the following Dirichlet problem to the sub-linear Lane–Emden equation

\begin{equation*}
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
-\Delta u=u^{p},\quad u(x)\geq0,\quad x\in\mathbb{R}^n_+, \\
u(x)\equiv0,\quad x\in\partial\mathbb{R}^n_+,
\end{array}
\right.
\end{equation*}

where

$n\geq3$

,

$0 \lt p\leq1$

. By establishing an equivalent integral equation, we give a lower bound of the Kelvin transformation

$\bar{u}$

. Then, by constructing a new comparison function, we apply the maximum principle based on comparisons and the method of moving planes to obtain that u only depends on xn. Based on this, we prove the non-existence of non-negative solutions.
GRADIENT ESTIMATES FOR POSITIVE EIGENFUNCTIONS OF THE
$\mathcal {L}$
-OPERATOR ON CONFORMAL SOLITONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Authors: ZHAO GUANGWEN
Published: November 2024

We prove a local gradient estimate for positive eigenfunctions of the

$\mathcal {L}$

-operator on conformal solitons given by a general conformal vector field. As an application, we obtain a Liouville type theorem for

$\mathcal {L} u=0$

, which improves the one of Li and Sun [‘Gradient estimate for the positive solutions of

$\mathcal Lu = 0$

and

$\mathcal Lu ={\partial u}/{\partial t}$

on conformal solitons’, Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.)37(11) (2021), 1768–1782]. We also consider applications where manifolds are special conformal solitons and obtain a better Liouville type theorem in the case of self-shrinkers.
“Who Do You Think You Are?” The Epistemic Intimacies of Friendship
Authors: MacLachlan Alice
Published: November 2024

Preface

This article was written before Andrea Robin Skinner, daughter of Alice Munro, wrote an essay in the Toronto Star on July 7, 2024, describing her mother's silence in the face of her abuse at the hands of Munro's husband/Skinner's stepfather, Gerald Fremlin. I wish to honour Skinner's story and her courage in coming forward, as well as her wish that “… this story, my story, to become part of the stories people tell about my mother.” I, like so many others, will continue to grapple with Munro's writing and her reflections on intimate human relationships — as well as her literary legacy — following these revelations.
Let Me Think About It More
Authors: Ballantyne Nathan
Published: November 2024

I raise some questions about Jeremy Fantl's The Limitations of the Open Mind. I ask what type of applied epistemology Fantl's book represents, whether there might be a better conception of open-mindedness than the one he embraces, and whether he is correct that someone's being an amateur makes it easier for their knowledge to survive the dismissal of relevant counterarguments.
A stable isotope (S, C and O) study of metamorphosed polymetallic sulphide deposits in the Bergslagen district, Sweden: The Stollberg example
Authors: Spry Paul G. , Jansson Nils F. , Allen Rodney L.
Published: November 2024

The Paleoproterozoic Stollberg Zn-Pb-Ag plus magnetite ore field contains SVALS-type stratabound, limestone-skarn hosted sulphide deposits within volcanic (bimodal felsic and mafic rocks)/volcaniclastic rocks metamorphosed to the amphibolite facies. The sulphide ores consist of semi-massive to disseminated to vein-network sphalerite-galena and pyrrhotite (with subordinate pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and magnetite). Thermochemical considerations and stabilities of minerals in the systems K-Al-Si-O-H and Fe-S-O and sulphur isotope values for sulphides of δ34SVCDT = +1.12 to +5.71 ‰ suggest that sulphur most likely formed by inorganic reduction of seawater sulphate that was carried in hydrothermally modified seawater fluid under the following approximate physicochemical conditions: T = 250o–350 oC, δ34SΣS = +3 ‰, I = ∼1 m NaCl and a total dissolved S content of ∼0.01 to 0.1 moles/kg H2O. However, a magmatic contribution of sulphur cannot be discounted. Carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of calcite in altered rocks spatially associated with mineralisation show values of δ13CVPDB = −2.3 to −0.8 ‰ and δ18OVSMOW = +9.5 to +11.2 ‰, with one anomalous sample exhibiting values of δ13CVPDB = −0.1 ‰ and δ18OVSMOW = +10.9 ‰. Most carbonates in ore show lighter C and O isotope values than those of Proterozoic (Orosirian) limestones and are likely the result of premetamorphic hydrothermal alteration involving modified seawater followed by decarbonation during regional metamorphism. The isotopically light C and O isotope values are consistent with those for carbonates spatially associated with other SVALS-type deposits in the Bergslagen ore district and suggest that such values may be used for exploration purposes.
Analytic theology and the academic study of religion: an overview
Authors: Wood William
Published: November 2024

Analytic Theology and the Academic Study of Religion aims to explain analytic theology to other theologians, and to scholars of religion, and to explain those other fields to analytic theologians. The book defends analytic theology from some common criticisms, but also argues that analytic theologians have much to learn from other forms of inquiry. Analytic theology is a legitimate form of theology, and a legitimate form of academic inquiry, and it can be a valuable conversation partner within the wider religious studies academy. I aim to articulate an attractive vision of analytic theology, foster a more fruitful inter-disciplinary conversation, and enable scholars across the religious studies academy to understand one another better. Analytic theology can flourish in the secular academy, and flourish as authentically Christian theology.
Analytic theology and the academic study of religion: response to critics
Authors: Wood William
Published: November 2024

I respond to challenges posed by Andrew Dole, Joanna Leidenhag, Kevin Schilbrack, and Sameer Yadav. Key topics include: whether the engagement between analytic theology and the academic study of religion really is mutually beneficial, distinguishing analytic theology from science-engaged theology, restrictive methodological naturalism, and whether I misconstrue analytic theology’s ‘characteristic damage’.
Women, gender and the ancient economy: towards a feminist economic history of the ancient Greek world
Authors: Taylor Claire
Published: November 2024

This article asks why women are ignored in debates about ancient economies and suggests a way forward. It argues that women performed a wide variety of diverse economic activities, though this is not particularly discernible from the scholarly literature, which mostly casts them as patrons or prostitutes and, despite the household being a basic economic unit to which women contributed, generally considers economic actors as male by default. However, by drawing on feminist economics, social history and gender studies, it is possible to reframe women’s varied activities in ways that acknowledge their labour, spotlight female agency, challenge the (gendered) categories of analysis and discourses that are predominantly used within ancient history, and recentre questions relating to the structures of inequality created by ancient economies. Three case studies explore some of the problems and raise new questions: Z3, a building in the Kerameikos the function of which is debated, the contribution of tax-farmers to sacrifices on Kos and the water supply in Athens. That is, this article argues that examining how ancient economies were gendered is a profitable way to think about both economic history and gender history.
Robot hybrid inverse dynamics model compensation method based on the BLL residual prediction algorithm
Authors: Tao Yong , Chen Shuo , Liu Haitao , Wan Jiahao , Wei Hongxing , Wang Tianmiao
Published: November 2024

The inverse dynamics model of an industrial robot can predict and control the robot’s motion and torque output, improving its motion accuracy, efficiency, and adaptability. However, the existing inverse rigid body dynamics models still have some unmodelled residuals, and their calculation results differ significantly from the actual industrial robot conditions. The bootstrap aggregating (bagging) algorithm is combined with a long short-term memory network, the linear layer is introduced as the network optimization layer, and a compensation method of hybrid inverse dynamics model for robots based on the BLL residual prediction algorithm is proposed to meet the above needs. The BLL residual prediction algorithm framework is presented. Based on the rigid body inverse dynamics of the Newton–Euler method, the BLL residual prediction network is used to perform error compensation on the inverse dynamics model of the Franka robot. The experimental results show that the hybrid inverse dynamics model based on the BLL residual prediction algorithm can reduce the average residuals of the robot joint torque from 0.5651 N·m to 0.1096 N·m, which improves the accuracy of the inverse dynamics model compared with those of the rigid body inverse dynamics model. This study lays the foundation for performing more accurate operation tasks using industrial robots.
Diachronic evolution of /e ɛ o ɔ/ in French across 100 years of speech archives
Authors: Cecelewski Juliusz , Gendrot Cédric , Adda-Decker Martine , Boula de Mareüil Philippe
Published: November 2024

This study explores the diachronic variation of mid-vowel aperture (/e, ɛ, o, ɔ/) in word-final and penultimate-syllable positions in vowel harmony (VH) contexts in declamatory/journalistic French from 1925 to 2023.

Our corpora include two pre-existing corpora – the INA broadcast archives corpus (1940–1999) and the ESTER corpus (2000–2004) – as well as two novel corpora, which include recordings from the Archives de la Parole by Hubert Pernot (1925–1929) and a selection from Radio France and YouTube spanning 2020 to 2023.

Our results suggest a general tendency of VH weakening over the last century. Additionally, we found a significant acoustic convergence in terms of aperture between vowels /o/ and /ɔ/, but no convergence between /e/ and /ɛ/ in word-final position, contrary to prior research.

An auxiliary imitation experiment was designed to investigate the correlation between the loud/projected voice in older recordings and the F1 of mid-vowels in VH contexts. The imitation experiment reveals a significant increase in F1 in loud declamatory speech. However, no effect of speech style on VH was observed, supporting the diachronic process of VH reduction.