bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Taste Receptor Genes Are Associated with Snacking Patterns of Preschool-Aged Children in the Guelph Family Health Study: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chamoun Elie , Hutchinson Joy , Krystia Owen , Mirotta Julia , Mutch David , Buchholz Andrea , Duncan Alison , Darlington Gerarda , Haines Jess , Ma David ,   Guelph Family Health Study
Published: January 2018

Snacking is an integral component of eating habits in young children that is often overlooked in nutrition research. While snacking is a substantial source of calories in preschoolers’ diets, there is limited knowledge about the factors that drive snacking patterns. The genetics of taste may help to better understand the snacking patterns of children. The rs1761667 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CD36 gene has been linked to fat taste sensitivity, the rs35874116 SNP in the TAS1R2 gene has been related to sweet taste preference, and the rs713598 SNP in the TAS2R38 gene has been associated with aversion to bitter, green leafy vegetables. This study seeks to determine the cross-sectional associations between three taste receptor SNPs and snacking patterns among preschoolers in the Guelph Family Health Study. Preschoolers’ snack quality, quantity, and frequency were assessed using three-day food records and saliva was collected for SNP genotyping (n = 47). Children with the TT genotype in TAS1R2 consumed snacks with significantly more calories from sugar, and these snacks were consumed mostly in the evening. Total energy density of snacks was highest in the CC and CG genotypes compared to the GG genotype in TAS2R38, and also greater in the AA genotype in CD36 compared to G allele carriers, however this difference was not individually attributable to energy from fat, carbohydrates, sugar, or protein. Genetic variation in taste receptors may influence snacking patterns of preschoolers.
Statistical Design of Experimental and Bootstrap Neural Network Modelling Approach for Thermoseparating Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction of Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Authors: Leong Yoong , Chang Chih-Kai , Arumugasamy Senthil , Lan John , Loh Hwei-San , Muhammad Dinie , Show Pau
Published: January 2018

At present, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been considered as a promising alternative to conventional plastics due to their diverse variability in structure and rapid biodegradation. To ensure cost competitiveness in the market, thermoseparating aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) with the advantages of being mild and environmental-friendly was suggested as the primary isolation and purification tool for PHAs. Utilizing two-level full factorial design, this work studied the influence and interaction between four independent variables on the partitioning behavior of PHAs. Based on the experimental results, feed forward neural network (FFNN) was used to develop an empirical model of PHAs based on the ATPE thermoseparating input-output parameter. In this case, bootstrap resampling technique was used to generate more data. At the conditions of 15 wt % phosphate salt, 18 wt % ethylene oxide–propylene oxide (EOPO), and pH 10 without the addition of NaCl, the purification and recovery of PHAs achieved a highest yield of 93.9%. Overall, the statistical analysis demonstrated that the phosphate concentration and thermoseparating polymer concentration were the most significant parameters due to their individual influence and synergistic interaction between them on all the response variables. The final results of the FFNN model showed the ability of the model to seamlessly generalize the relationship between the input–output of the process.
Research on the Effects of Drying Temperature on Nitrogen Detection of Different Soil Types by Near Infrared Sensors
Authors: Nie Pengcheng , Dong Tao , He Yong , Xiao Shupei
Published: January 2018

Soil is a complicated system whose components and mechanisms are complex and difficult to be fully excavated and comprehended. Nitrogen is the key parameter supporting plant growth and development, and is the material basis of plant growth as well. An accurate grasp of soil nitrogen information is the premise of scientific fertilization in precision agriculture, where near infrared sensors are widely used for rapid detection of nutrients in soil. However, soil texture, soil moisture content and drying temperature all affect soil nitrogen detection using near infrared sensors. In order to investigate the effects of drying temperature on the nitrogen detection in black soil, loess and calcium soil, three kinds of soils were detected by near infrared sensors after 25 °C placement (ambient temperature), 50 °C drying (medium temperature), 80 °C drying (medium-high temperature) and 95 °C drying (high temperature). The successive projections algorithm based on multiple linear regression (SPA-MLR), partial least squares (PLS) and competitive adaptive reweighted squares (CARS) were used to model and analyze the spectral information of different soil types. The predictive abilities were assessed using the prediction correlation coefficients (RP), the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP), and the residual predictive deviation (RPD). The results showed that the loess (RP = 0.9721, RMSEP = 0.067 g/kg, RPD = 4.34) and calcium soil (RP = 0.9588, RMSEP = 0.094 g/kg, RPD = 3.89) obtained the best prediction accuracy after 95 °C drying. The detection results of black soil (RP = 0.9486, RMSEP = 0.22 g/kg, RPD = 2.82) after 80 °C drying were the optimum. In conclusion, drying temperature does have an obvious influence on the detection of soil nitrogen by near infrared sensors, and the suitable drying temperature for different soil types was of great significance in enhancing the detection accuracy.
A Flexible Multiring Concentric Electrode for Non-Invasive Identification of Intestinal Slow Waves
Authors: Zena-Giménez Victor , Garcia-Casado Javier , Ye-Lin Yiyao , Garcia-Breijo Eduardo , Prats-Boluda Gema
Published: January 2018

Developing new types of optimized electrodes for specific biomedical applications can substantially improve the quality of the sensed signals. Concentric ring electrodes have been shown to provide enhanced spatial resolution to that of conventional disc electrodes. A sensor with different electrode sizes and configurations (monopolar, bipolar, etc.) that provides simultaneous records would be very helpful for studying the best signal-sensing arrangement. A 5-pole electrode with an inner disc and four concentric rings of different sizes was developed and tested on surface intestinal myoelectrical recordings from healthy humans. For good adaptation to a curved body surface, the electrode was screen-printed onto a flexible polyester substrate. To facilitate clinical use, it is self-adhesive, incorporates a single connector and can perform dry or wet (with gel) recordings. The results show it to be a versatile electrode that can evaluate the optimal configuration for the identification of the intestinal slow wave and reject undesired interference. A bipolar concentric record with an outer ring diameter of 30 mm, a foam-free adhesive material, and electrolytic gel gave the best results.
A Liquid-Surface-Based Three-Axis Inclination Sensor for Measurement of Stage Tilt Motions
Authors: Shimizu Yuki , Kataoka Satoshi , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Chen Yuan-Liu , Chen Xiuguo , Matsukuma Hiraku , Gao Wei
Published: January 2018

In this paper a new concept of a liquid-surface-based three-axis inclination sensor for evaluation of angular error motion of a precision linear slide, which is often used in the field of precision engineering such as ultra-precision machine tools, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) and so on, is proposed. In the liquid-surface-based three-axis inclination sensor, a reference float mounting a line scale grating having periodic line grating structures is made to float over a liquid surface, while its three-axis angular motion is measured by using an optical sensor head based on the three-axis laser autocollimation capable of measuring three-axis angular motion of the scale grating. As the first step of research, in this paper, theoretical analysis on the angular motion of the reference float about each axis has been carried out based on simplified kinematic models to evaluate the possibility of realizing the proposed concept of a three-axis inclination sensor. In addition, based on the theoretical analyses results, a prototype three-axis inclination sensor has been designed and developed. Through some basic experiments with the prototype, the possibility of simultaneous three-axis inclination measurement by the proposed concept has been verified.
Compact Surface Plasmon Resonance System with Au/Si Schottky Barrier
Authors: Tsukagoshi Takuya , Kuroda Yuta , Noda Kentaro , Binh-Khiem Nguyen , Kan Tetsuo , Shimoyama Isao
Published: January 2018

Ethanol concentration was quantified by the use of a compact surface plasmon resonance (SPR) system, which electrically detects hot electrons via a Schottky barrier. Although it is well known that SPR can be used as bio/chemical sensors, implementation is not necessarily practical, due to the size and cost impediments associated with a system with variable wavelength or angle of incidence. However, scanning capability is not a prerequisite if the objective is to use SPR in a sensor. It is possible to build a small, inexpensive SPR sensor if the optics have no moving parts and a Schottky barrier is used for electrical current detection in place of a photodetector. This article reports on the design and performance of such a novel SPR sensor, and its application for quantifying ethanol concentration. As the concentration of ethanol is increased, the change in the angle dependence of the SPR current is observed. This change can be understood as a superposition of contributions of SPR coupled with the +3rd- and −3rd-order diffraction. Moreover, real-time monitoring of ethanol concentration was demonstrated using the proposed SPR system.
Prototyping a Web-of-Energy Architecture for Smart Integration of Sensor Networks in Smart Grids Domain
Authors: Caballero Víctor , Vernet David , Zaballos Agustín , Corral Guiomar
Published: January 2018

Sensor networks and the Internet of Things have driven the evolution of traditional electric power distribution networks towards a new paradigm referred to as Smart Grid. However, the different elements that compose the Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) layer of a Smart Grid are usually conceived as isolated systems that typically result in rigid hardware architectures which are hard to interoperate, manage, and to adapt to new situations. If the Smart Grid paradigm has to be presented as a solution to the demand for distributed and intelligent energy management system, it is necessary to deploy innovative IT infrastructures to support these smart functions. One of the main issues of Smart Grids is the heterogeneity of communication protocols used by the smart sensor devices that integrate them. The use of the concept of the Web of Things is proposed in this work to tackle this problem. More specifically, the implementation of a Smart Grid’s Web of Things, coined as the Web of Energy is introduced. The purpose of this paper is to propose the usage of Web of Energy by means of the Actor Model paradigm to address the latent deployment and management limitations of Smart Grids. Smart Grid designers can use the Actor Model as a design model for an infrastructure that supports the intelligent functions demanded and is capable of grouping and converting the heterogeneity of traditional infrastructures into the homogeneity feature of the Web of Things. Conducted experimentations endorse the feasibility of this solution and encourage practitioners to point their efforts in this direction.
Pipe Dreams: Urban Wastewater Treatment for Biodiversity Protection
Authors: Cunningham Caitlin , Gharipour Mohammad
Published: January 2018

Wastewater treatment systems in urban areas of the United States have reached a critical replacement age. From century-old, deteriorating systems raw sewage overflows into basements, streets and surface waters. In economically depressed cities, sewage overflows are frequent and heavily fined, costing municipalities millions of dollars. Pollution by untreated wastewater severely degrades aquatic and wetland ecosystems and exacerbates serious risks to public health. Necessary and extensive clean water infrastructure repairs are imperative to protect the health and habitat of humans and other organisms. As accelerating human development contributes to wide spread losses of naturally occurring wetlands, dwindling patches of habitat native plant and animal species rely on for survival are further threatened. Within this alarming situation is an opportunity to rebuild and retrofit our wastewater treatment systems with infrastructure that enhances long-term ecosystem sustainability.
Multiple Climate Change Scenarios and Runoff Response in Biliu River
Authors: Zhu Xueping , Zhang Chi , Qi Wei , Cai Wenjun , Zhao Xuehua , Wang Xueni
Published: January 2018

The impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on regional evaporation and runoff characteristics have been investigated for the Biliu River basin, which is located in Liaoning Province, northeast China. Multiple climate change scenarios from phase 3 and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5) (21 scenarios in total) were utilized. A calibrated hydrologic model—SWAT model—was used to simulate future discharges based on downscaled climate data through a validated morphing method. Results show that both annual temperature and precipitation increase under most of the CMIP3 and CMIP5 scenarios, and increase more in the far future (2041–2065) than in the near future (2016–2040). These changes in precipitation and temperature lead to an increase in evaporation under 19 scenarios and a decrease in runoff under two-thirds of the selected scenarios. Compared to CMIP3, CMIP5 scenarios show higher temperature and wider ranges of changes in precipitation and runoff. The results provide important information on the impacts of global climate change on water resources availability in the Biliu River basin, which is beneficial for the planning and management of water resources in this region.
Atelectasis as a Complication of Tuberculosis: a Case Report
Authors: Souza Luis Eduardo Almeida de , Anjos Karlla Lorena Dos Santos , Sousa Danielle Oliveira de , Loureiro Gabriel De Jesus da Fonseca , Lima Yana Cardoso de , Souza Jean Carlos Alves de Lima , Cordeiro Rodrigo Da Silva , Lisboa Felipe Teixeira , Matos Karen Giovana Leal , Mcphee Humberto Lobato , Silva José Antonio Cordero da
Published: January 2018

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacillus called Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Koch's Bacillus (BK). It is associated with various long-term lung complications, including: lung scarring (fibrosis), bronchiectasis, Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis, and more rarely, atelectasis. There is however very limited data in literature on the full spectrum of these complications, and relies mostly on case reports and small case series.

Case: The authors report a case of atelectasis in a patient with previous diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Normal laboratory tests and imaging test presenting right lung atelectasis. Went under respiratory therapy, presented improve and is under clinical control.

Conclusion: There is a huge importance of knowing the various methods to diagnose this disease and treat it well. Thus, it enables an improvement in the patient and a reduction in the spread of bacteria.
Confusing Binaries: The Role of Stellar Binaries in Biasing Disk Properties in the Galactic Center
Authors: Naoz Smadar , Ghez Andrea M. , Hees Aurelien , Do Tuan , Witzel Gunther , Lu Jessica R.
Published: January 2018

The population of young stars near the supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the Galactic Center (GC) has presented an unexpected challenge to theories of star formation. Kinematic measurements of these stars have revealed a stellar disk structure (with an apparent 20% disk membership) that has provided important clues regarding the origin of these mysterious young stars. However, many of the apparent disk properties are difficult to explain, including the low disk membership fraction and the high eccentricities given the youth of this population. Thus far, all efforts to derive the properties of this disk have made the simplifying assumption that stars at the GC are single stars. Nevertheless, stellar binaries are prevalent in our Galaxy, and recent investigations suggested that they may also be abundant in the Galactic Center. Here, we show that binaries in the disk can largely alter the apparent orbital properties of the disk. The motion of binary members around each other adds a velocity component, which can be comparable to the magnitude of the velocity around the SMBH in the GC. Thus, neglecting the contribution of binaries can significantly vary the inferred stars’ orbital properties. While the disk orientation is unaffected, the apparent disk’s 2D width will be increased to about 11.°2, similar to the observed width. For a population of stars orbiting the SMBH with zero eccentricity, unaccounted for binaries will create a wide apparent eccentricity distribution with an average of 0.23. This is consistent with the observed average eccentricity of the stars’ in the disk. We suggest that this high eccentricity value, which poses a theoretical challenge, may be an artifact of binary stars. Finally, our results suggest that the actual disk membership might be significantly higher than the one inferred by observations that ignore the contribution of binaries, alleviating another theoretical challenge.
Discovery of the Ubiquitous Cation NS+ in Space Confirmed by Laboratory Spectroscopy
Authors: Cernicharo J. , Lefloch B. , Agúndez M. , Bailleux S. , Margulès L. , Roueff E. , Bachiller R. , Marcelino N. , Tercero B. , Vastel C. , Caux E.
Published: January 2018

We report the detection in space of a new molecular species that has been characterized spectroscopically and fully identified from astrophysical data. The observations were carried out with the IRAM 30 m telescope. The molecule is ubiquitous as its

transition has been found in cold molecular clouds, prestellar cores, and shocks. However, it is not found in the hot cores of Orion-KL and in the carbon-rich evolved star IRC+10216. Three rotational transitions in perfect harmonic relation

have been identified in the prestellar core B1b. The molecule has a 1Σ electronic ground state and its

transition presents the hyperfine structure characteristic of a molecule containing a nucleus with spin 1. A careful analysis of possible carriers shows that the best candidate is NS+. The derived rotational constant agrees within 0.3%–0.7% with ab initio calculations. NS+ was also produced in the laboratory to unambiguously validate the astrophysical assignment. The observed rotational frequencies and determined molecular constants confirm the discovery of the nitrogen sulfide cation in space. The chemistry of NS+ and related nitrogen-bearing species has been analyzed by means of a time-dependent gas-phase model. The model reproduces well the observed NS/NS+ abundance ratio, in the range 30–50, and indicates that NS+ is formed by reactions of the neutral atoms N and S with the cations SH+ and NH+, respectively.
A Magnetic Reconnection Event in the Solar Atmosphere Driven by Relaxation of a Twisted Arch Filament System
Authors: Huang Zhenghua , Mou Chaozhou , Fu Hui , Deng Linhua , Li Bo , Xia Lidong
Published: January 2018

We present high-resolution observations of a magnetic reconnection event in the solar atmosphere taken with the New Vacuum Solar Telescope, Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). The reconnection event occurred between the threads of a twisted arch filament system (AFS) and coronal loops. Our observations reveal that the relaxation of the twisted AFS drives some of its threads to encounter the coronal loops, providing inflows of the reconnection. The reconnection is evidenced by flared X-shape features in the AIA images, a current-sheet-like feature apparently connecting post-reconnection loops in the Hα + 1 Å images, small-scale magnetic cancelation in the HMI magnetograms and flows with speeds of 40–80 km s−1 along the coronal loops. The post-reconnection coronal loops seen in the AIA 94 Å passband appear to remain bright for a relatively long time, suggesting that they have been heated and/or filled up by dense plasmas previously stored in the AFS threads. Our observations suggest that the twisted magnetic system could release its free magnetic energy into the upper solar atmosphere through reconnection processes. While the plasma pressure in the reconnecting flux tubes are significantly different, the reconfiguration of field lines could result in transferring of mass among them and induce heating therein.
Gauging the Helium Abundance of the Galactic Bulge RR Lyrae Stars*
Authors: Marconi Marcella , Minniti Dante
Published: January 2018

We report the first estimate of the He abundance of the population of RR Lyrae stars in the Galactic bulge. This is done by comparing the recent observational data with the latest models. We use the large samples of ab-type RR Lyrae stars found by OGLE IV in the inner bulge and by the VVV survey in the outer bulge. We present the result from the new models computed by Marconi et al., showing that the minimum period for fundamental RR Lyrae pulsators depends on the He content. By comparing these models with the observations in a period versus effective temperature plane, we find that the bulk of the bulge ab-type RR Lyrae are consistent with primordial He abundance Y = 0.245, ruling out a significant He-enriched population. This work demonstrates that the He content of the bulge RR Lyrae is different from that of the bulk of the bulge population as traced by the red clump giants that appear to be significantly more He-rich.
La Russie soviétique et l’Europe : frontières, propagandes, mythologies du xx e siècle
Authors: Cœuré Sophie
Published: January 2018

L’article propose une analyse panoramique de la place et du rôle de la Russie en Europe, à partir du changement de paradigme de 1917. Les bolcheviks appellent le monde entier à suivre l’exemple révolutionnaire, inversent de manière provocante l’image d’une Russie attardée, et construisent un État qui se veut d’un type entièrement nouveau, tant dans son organisation intérieure que dans ses relations internationales. Les premières années du régime soviétique remodèlent la notion de frontière et fondent une tension durable entre deux conceptions de l’espace communiste, l’une continue, l’autre discontinue. Dans le cadre du débat né à l’époque sur le double standard de la politique extérieure de l’URSS, entre idéologie communiste et intérêts de puissance, la deuxième partie analyse une diplomatie d’influence d’un type nouveau, appuyée notamment sur des « techniques d’hospitalité ». Enfin, la troisième partie trace les grandes lignes de la mythographie des mondes soviétique, russe et révolutionnaire en Europe.
Quel sport power pour la Russie ?
Authors: Aubin Lukas
Published: January 2018

Depuis l’arrivée de Vladimir Poutine à la présidence en 2000, le sport est redevenu un instrument de pouvoir en Russie alors qu’il avait été délaissé à la chute de l’URSS. Des JO de Sotchi 2014 à la Coupe du monde de football 2018, il est dorénavant un outil à part entière de la politique étrangère du pays, mobilisant toutes les composantes de l’ élite du pouvoir (oligarques, hommes politiques, sportifs, entreprises ...). Néanmoins, le sport power ou la diplomatie du sport est un phénomène nouveau et relativement peu étudié en Russie alors qu’il offre des clés d’analyse originales pour comprendre le régime politique russe actuel. Cet article propose d’étudier le sport power russe, ses leviers économiques, juridiques et politiques, tout en s’attachant à en comprendre l’impact sur le territoire et sur les représentations des élites.
Justice spatiale à la russe au Nord-Caucase
Authors: Mac-Glandières Yéléna
Published: January 2018

Quinze ans après deux guerres en Tchétchénie et la régionalisation de la violence qui s’est ensuivie, la pleine réintégration du Nord-Caucase au sein de l’espace russe est un enjeu majeur de géopolitique interne pour la Russie et un élément clé de la rhétorique de l’unité telle que l’entend Vladimir Poutine. Plus qu’une périphérie classique, sa situation actuelle rapproche le Nord-Caucase d’un isolat, alors que les indicateurs économiques et les représentations des populations concernées (russes et caucasiennes) constatent d’une certaine déconnexion de la région par rapport au reste du pays. Cet article a pour but d’interroger la pertinence de la politique de justice spatiale mise en œuvre par le pouvoir russe dans le Nord-Caucase via des mesures de centralisation telle la création en 2010 d’un District fédéral du Nord-Caucase et en 2014 d’un ministère fédéral chargé du Nord-Caucase (Minkavkaz) dédié, qui canalisent l’action fédérale. In fine , même si la situation s’y améliore d’un point de vue économique, il apparaît que la politique russe, en ce qu’elle repose sur une inégalité de traitement entre les territoires nord, se révèle par endroits insuffisante, voire contre-productive en aggravant, tant à l’échelle locale que fédérale, les représentations d’une rupture.
Du « lac russe » au « lac OTAN » ? Enjeux géostratégiques en mer Noire post-Crimée
Authors: Pétiniaud Louis
Published: January 2018

L’incorporation de la péninsule de Crimée dans la Fédération de Russie en mars 2014 constitue un moment fort dans l’évolution de la politique étrangère russe. La récupération des pleins pouvoirs sur la base militaire de Sébastopol permet par ailleurs à la Russie de renforcer sa présence en mer Noire et en Méditerranée. À l’échelle de la région pontique, cette opération a cependant eu pour effet de susciter de vives inquiétudes dans les plus petits États. Ces craintes, sans pour autant transformer radicalement leur politique extérieure, se sont cependant exprimées dans les textes officiels de Défense de chacun de ces pays. Ces doctrines stratégiques indiquent ainsi comment la perception des acteurs extérieurs change, entre avant et après 2014. L’Otan, particulièrement, est désormais unanimement considérée comme une force de stabilisation indispensable dans la région pontique. Les enjeux de cette manœuvre territoriale sont cependant autant internes qu’externes. En réintégrant la Crimée dans la Russie, le pouvoir russe s’est à la fois assuré un point d’appui stratégique vers le sud et un puissant soutien de la très grande majorité de la population russe.
Construire les politiques sociales avec les personnes accompagnées : la participation en attente d’un modèle d’intervention collective
Authors: Avenel Cyprien
Published: January 2018

Cet article vise à discuter la place qui est faite aux personnes accompagnées dans la conception et la mise en œuvre des politiques d’action sociale et médico-sociales. La contribution des populations concernées à l’élaboration et à la conduite de l’action publique est dorénavant considérée comme un enjeu incontournable pour améliorer leur condition et plus globalement la cohésion sociale. Ce thème rejoint la question plus générale de la participation des citoyens aux affaires de la cité, en tant que celle-ci est envisagée comme un facteur de développement de la démocratie. La plupart des travaux montrent que de nombreuses initiatives et expériences de participation se développent dans les territoires permettant d’amorcer des dynamiques significatives pour les personnes accompagnées, mais en même temps il subsiste un écart non négligeable entre les objectifs poursuivis et les effets constatés. Les bénéfices et les limites de la mise en œuvre d’une participation réelle des personnes accompagnées sont, dans cet article, explicités et débattus.
Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2016-2017
Authors: Berthiller F. , Cramer B. , Iha M.H. , Krska R. , Lattanzio V.M.T. , MacDonald S. , Malone R.J. , Maragos C. , Solfrizzo M. , Stranska-Zachariasova M. , Stroka J. , Tittlemier S.A.
Published: January 2018

This review summarises developments in the determination of mycotoxins over a period between mid-2016 and mid-2017. Analytical methods to determine aflatoxins, Alternaria toxins, ergot alkaloids, fumonisins, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone are covered in individual sections. Advances in proper sampling strategies are discussed in a dedicated section, as are methods used to analyse botanicals and spices and newly developed LC-MS based multi-mycotoxin methods. This critical review aims to briefly discuss the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination as well as to address limitations of the presented methodologies.
Addressing the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol contamination with soil-derived bacterial and enzymatic transformations targeting the C3 carbon
Authors: Hassan Y.I. , Zhou T.
Published: January 2018

The search for feasible biological means of detoxifying mycotoxins has attained successful accomplishments in the past twenty years due to the involvement of many teams coming from diverse backgrounds and research expertise. The recently witnessed breakthroughs in the field of bacterial genomics (including next-generation sequencing), proteomics, and computational biology helped all in shaping the current understanding of how microorganisms/mycotoxins/environmental factors intertwined and interact together, hence paving the road for some substantial discoveries. This perspective review summarises the advances that were observed in the past two decades within the deoxynivalenol (DON) bio-detoxification field. It highlights the research efforts and progresses that were made in the arena of the aerobic oxidation and epimerization of this mycotoxin at the C3 carbon carried out by multiple Devosia species. Moreover, it sets practical examples and discusses how the recent standing-knowledge of bacterial detoxifications of this mycotoxin has evolved into a fascinating potential of empirical bacterial and enzymatic solutions aiming at addressing DON contamination. The obtained results argue for determining the involved enzyme’s co-factors and defining the chemistry behind the established catalytic activity at an early stage of investigation to maximise the chances of isolating the responsible enzymes.
Re-KALC for a Meaningful Beginning: The Practice of Being
Authors: Jones-Schenk Jan
Published: January 2018

The new year is a time for goal setting, reflection, and new beginnings. Often, resolutions begin with self-improvements of the physical kind—losing weight, exercising, eating clean. These are important ideas and goals, although often difficult to sustain in part because sustaining is an implied element of each. Intentions are different than goals in the sense that an intention can be implemented in any moment in time simply through the process of mindful reflection.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(2):55–56.
Health Literacy: Essential for a Culture of Health
Authors: Barton Amy J. , Allen Patricia E. , Boyle Diane K. , Loan Lori A. , Stichler Jaynelle F. , Parnell Terri Ann
Published: January 2018

Background:

A culture of health requires a commitment from all—individuals, families, communities, organizations, and municipalities—to value health and make decisions reflective of a healthy society. At the individual level, health literacy is a necessary precursor to assist individuals in achieving a higher level of health.

Method:

One method for ensuring that staff members are routinely assessing and promoting health literacy is using competencies and practices previously identified for all health professions.

Results:

Cross-walking these competencies with the Health Literacy Tapestry model can be extremely helpful in framing assessment, action steps, and outcomes for nurses.

Conclusion:

Professional development nurse leaders have the challenge of ensuring that nurses are addressing patient health literacy as a fundamental nursing activity in every nursing–patient–family interaction. Assuming health literacy deficits as a “universal approach” to care is one method of ensuring health literacy needs are routinely addressed by staff.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(2):73–78.
Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Debriefing in Health Education: An Integrative Review
Authors: Ali Abeer Alhaj , Miller Elaine T.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Debriefing is an integral component of the high-fidelity simulation experience in health education. Video-assisted debriefing (VAD) is used to structure debriefing following simulation. This review synthesizes the best available evidence about VAD compared with verbal debriefing; moreover, it reviews the effectiveness of VAD on students' learning outcomes and learners' perceptions of using VAD postsimulation sessions.

Method:

Databases included Med-line, Scopus, CINAHL, and EMBASE, and articles published between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed if they used the keywords
video-assisted debriefing
,
HFS
,
debriefing and learning outcomes
, and
video-playback debriefing
. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria.

Results:

Three themes emerged: VAD Effectiveness Compared to Verbal (Oral) Debriefing, VAD Effectiveness on Learning Outcomes, and Learners' Perceptions of VAD Experience.

Conclusion:

VAD following simulation experiences compared with other debriefing modalities resulted in mixed findings related to learning outcomes in health education. More research on debriefing practices is needed that describes all key debriefing components. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):14–20.]
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Experience With Advance Directives Among Prelicensure Nursing Students
Authors: George Tracy P. , DeCristofaro Claire , Murphy Pamela F. , Remle Corey R.
Published: January 2018

Background:

End-of-life decision making can be distressing for nursing students, and the purpose of this investigation was to assess undergraduate nursing students' knowledge, attitudes, and experiences with advance directives.

Method:

One hundred sixty-six Bachelor of Science in Nursing students at four different program levels were surveyed about their knowledge, personal and professional experience, and personal and professional attitudes regarding advance directives.

Results:

There was a statistically significant progression of knowledge from the junior 1 to the senior 2 semesters. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in personal attitudes about advance directives by progressive semesters, in personal and professional attitudes between White/Caucasian and Black/African American students, and in knowledge of advance directives and professional attitudes between students 18 to 25 years old and those 26 years and older.

Conclusion:

It is important that nursing students are exposed to advance directives in the prelicensure curriculum to prepare them for their role as professional nurses. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):35–39.]
Examining Admission Factors Predicting Success in a Doctor of Nursing Practice Program
Authors: Creech Constance , Cooper Denise , Aplin-Kalisz Christina , Maynard Gary , Baker Sara
Published: January 2018

Background:

Graduate nursing programs are challenged to select students who are likely to succeed and who add to nursing workforce diversity.

Method:

For this retrospective study, researchers examined 5 years of admission and retention data from a 4-year Bachelor-to-Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program (
n
=144) at a large public midwestern university. Using a multinomial logistic regression analysis, four factors were examined to determine which predicted student success, delayed success, or failure: last 60-credit grade point average (GPA), admission essay score, average recommendation letter score, and demographic data (i.e., race, age, gender).

Results:

GPA, age, and race were found to be significant predictors of student outcomes in this program. Writing and recommendation scores and gender did not predict student outcomes.

Conclusion:

DNP admission committees should consider the weight given to the GPA in their admission formulas and be prepared to work with retention committees to support older and minority students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):49–52.]
Leadership Development Through Peer-Facilitated Simulation in Nursing Education
Authors: Brown Karen M. , Rode Jennifer L.
Published: January 2018

Background:

Baccalaureate nursing graduates must possess leadership skills, yet few opportunities exist to cultivate leadership abilities in a clinical environment. Peer-facilitated learning may increase the leadership skills of competence, self-confidence, self-reflection, and role modeling. Facilitating human patient simulation provides opportunities to develop leadership skills.

Method:

With faculty supervision, senior baccalaureate students led small-group simulation experiences with sophomore and junior peers and then conducted subsequent debriefings. Quantitative and qualitative descriptive data allowed evaluation of students' satisfaction with this teaching innovation and whether the experience affected students' desire to take on leadership roles.

Results:

Students expressed satisfaction with the peer-facilitated simulation experience and confidence in mastering the content while developing necessary skills for practice.

Conclusion:

Peer-facilitated simulation provides an opportunity for leadership development and learning. Study results can inform the development of nursing curricula to best develop the leadership skills of nursing students. [
J Nurs Educ.
2018;57(1):53–57.]
Arqueologia para etnólogos: colaborações entre arqueologia e antropologia na Amazônia
Authors: Schaan Denise Pahl
Published: January 2018

A etnologia e a arqueologia desenvolveram-se no Brasil no século XX como campos distintos do conhecimento. A institucionalização dessas disciplinas nas universidades, a partir principalmente de modelos europeus, influenciou o modo como se produziu conhecimento sobre as sociedades indígenas brasileiras. Na arqueologia amazônica, a etnologia teve e tem um papel importante na interpretação do registro arqueológico, ao passo que o contrário não é verdadeiro. Este artigo centra-se na relação entre arqueologia e etnologia na Amazônia. É analisado o uso que a abordagem ecológico-cultural na arqueologia faz dos dados etnográficos e as reações contrárias vindas do campo da ecologia histórica, com exemplos de transformações pré-colombianas da paisagem na ilha de Marajó, no Baixo Amazonas e no Acre. Finalmente, argumenta-se que uma colaboração entre etnólogos e arqueólogos poderia favorecer a etnologia com uma perspectiva histórica, assim como a arqueologia tem se beneficiado de diversas perspectivas antropológicas ao longo de sua história.
A longa história indígena na costa norte do Amapá
Authors: Saldanha João Darcy de Moura , Cabral Mariana Petry
Published: January 2018

A arqueologia na costa oriental da Guayanas (Estado brasileiro do Amapá) tem uma longa história, como os estudos de pioneiros como Emilio Goeldi, Henri Coudreau, Meggers e Evans, entre outros, nos lembram. Este lugar tem também um valor crítico para o atual debate sobre as evidências da complexidade sócio-político na pré-história da Amazônia, dada a ocorrência de locais impressionantes, como as estruturas megalíticas, e elaborada cerâmica, como as cerâmicas policrômicas Aristé. Desde a criação de uma equipe de arqueólogos no estado Amapá esta imagem ter sido alterada, com o aumento da base de dados arqueológicos disponíveis na área. Até agora, a cronologia foi estendida para o Holoceno médio, com sítios arqueológicos relacionados com grupos de caçadores-coletores; início de produção de cerâmicas locais, datando de, pelo menos, 3000 BP foram encontrados; e a proliferação de culturas cerâmicas arqueológicas foram documentados, com a co-existência de, pelo menos, 5 culturas diferentes na área desde o segundo milênio depois de Cristo. Além disso, a área apresenta estudos de casos instigantes em etno-arqueologia. A costa oriental de Guayana é um dos poucos lugares na Amazônia que mostra evidências de continuidade entre as sociedades ameríndias contemporâneos, como os Palikur e Kalina, e as ocupações pré-coloniais, proporcionando uma boa oportunidade para compreender a mudança que a colonização europeia impôs em padrões ameríndios pré-coloniais de organização sócio-política. Diante de todas as informações que já tenha sido recolhida, é óbvio que o Amapá é uma área-chave na região amazônica. Suas características geográficas singulares, um enclave entre a Amazônia, Guayana e áreas do Caribe, parece estar refletida na alta diversidade cultural na ocupação pré-histórica, onde diferentes tradições culturais convergiram e interagiram em uma região específica. Como tal, sugerimos que, depois de uma ocupação humana gradual desde pelo menos 8000 BP, ele se tornará, por volta de 1000 BP, uma arena altamente contestada, onde as diferenças regionais em estilos de cerâmica e centros cerimoniais\funerários foram usados e exacerbados para marcar fronteiras políticas e\ou sociais fronteiras. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar os atuais dados arqueológicos e o esboço de um projeto de pesquisa com foco na paisagem e uma história de longa duração dos contextos sócio-políticos ameríndios na costa oriental de Guayana, através do estabelecimento de um quadro cronológico e cultural da ocupação humana na região, desde os primeiros habitantes até o impacto da invasão europeia em grupos ameríndios
Movimientos etnopolíticos contemporáneos y sus raíces organizacionales en el Sistema de Interdependencia Regional del Orinoco
Authors: Arvelo-Jiménez Nelly
Published: January 2018

Este artigo focaliza na compreensão das características estruturais e funcionais dos movimentos indígenas da Venezuela que surgiram no cenário político do país e na mídia, protagonizados inicialmente pelos índios Yekuana, durante a década de 1990. A partir dos conhecimentos etnológicos sobre os povos que habitam a bacia do Orinoco, e tendo como referência a matriz cultural orinoco-amazonense, analisam-se as conexões entre esses movimentos indígenas contemporâneos e os movimentos de resistência militar dos séculos XVI, XVII e XVIII que encontram suas raízes no Sistema de Interdependência Regional Horizontal do Orinoco (SIRO).
With the past under your feet: on the development of time concepts in archaeology
Authors: Simonetti Cristián
Published: January 2018

The understanding of the past in archaeology is much influenced by how time is spatialized within the discipline. Based on ethnographic fieldwork among archaeologists, this article examines the use of time expressions and the relationship between speech and gestures. It shows that concepts important for the discipline refer to the experience of facing a past deep underneath the ground and a temporal verticality that runs from bottom to top. The analysis provides insights into the relationship between corporeal movement and conceptualization that contrast with those of cognitive linguistics by showing that concepts are not abstract entities but are co-emergent and continuous with the ways archaeologists appropriate their gravitational environments through practice. This proves to have serious implications for understanding how knowledge is constituted in sciences that excavate the past, which seriously challenges some widespread understandings of disciplinary knowledge as self-contained entities that are detached from an ecological encounter with the world of things.
ECONOMIA ECOLÓGICA: uma revisão integrativa sobre valoração econômica ambiental
Authors: Casagranda Yasmin Gomes , Azevedo Denise Barros de
Published: January 2018

O uso de recursos naturais remete a teoria da sustentabilidade ao entendimento de quais principais impactos as atividades econômicas geram ao meio ambiente. Estes mesmos impactos podem ser analisados a partir da teoria de economia ambiental que busca o entendimento da valoração econômica do meio ambiente e modelos de análise para tal fim. O presente trabalho busca entender o estado da arte das teorias sobre valoração econômica ambientais e quais modelos estão sendo utilizados para desenvolver o tema. Essa análise foi feita a partir de uma revisão integrativa dos descritores selecionados nas bases de dados internacionais Web of Science, Scopus e Science Direct. Verificou-se que os impactos ambientais aparecem com frequência nos artigos analisados, que discorrem principalmente sobre a análise desses e seu resultado dentro das organizações. Esse resultado pode ser entendido em primeiro lugar como a geração de informações para as empresas e em segundo como o gerenciamento adequado dos processos e avaliação dos mesmos. Há, porém, lacunas na produção do conhecimento que engloba a sustentabilidade e a visão econômica da sua mensuração, mostrando a falta de consolidação do tema. Isso se comprova pelos entendimentos diferentes quando se faz a leitura de diferentes autores.
Concomitant use of heat-shock protein 70, glutamine synthetase and glypican-3 is useful in diagnosis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma with higher specificity and sensitivity
Authors: Moudi Bita , Heidari Zahra , Mahmoudzadeh-Sagheb Hamidreza , Alavian Seyed-Moayed , Lankarani Kamran B. , Farrokh Parisa , Randel Nyengaard Jens
Published: January 2018

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and late diagnosis is the main cause of death in HCC patients. In this study expression patterns of HSP70, GPC3 and GS and their relationships with pathogenesis of HCC in Iranian patients were investigated. The expression of HSP70, GPC3 and GS were determined by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) methods, using 121 cases from patients with HBV alone, HCC without HBV, HBV+HCC and 30 normal tissues as control group. HSP70, GPC3 and GS were expressed in higher levels in HBV-related HCC samples compared to HBV alone group. The results showed that the labeling index of HSP70, GPC3 and GS are correlated with immunohistochemical and molecular expressions of HSP70, GPC3 and GS. The sensitivity and specificity for HCC diagnosis were 43.4% and 89.7% for HSP70, 64.3% and 90.4% for GPC3, and 60.7% and 94.3% for GS, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the panels with 3, 2 and 1 positive markers, regardless of which one, were 21.6% and 100%, 51.3% and 100% and 93.4% and 80.5% respectively. The current study demonstrated an association between HSP70, GPC3 and GS expressions and HBV-related HCC in our population. It was concluded that HSP70, GPC3 and GS expressions could be useful biomarkers for increasing the specificity and sensitivity of HCC diagnosis to acceptable level. Also, proper combinations of these 3 markers could improve diagnostic accuracy.
Geochemistry and mineralogy of a complex sedimentary deposit in the alkaline volcanic Lake Specchio di Venere (Pantelleria Island, south Mediterranean)
Authors: Cangemi Marianna , Madonia Paolo , Speziale Sergio
Published: January 2018

Specchio di Venere is a peculiar, ambient temperature, geothermal, alkaline lake, with lake water oversaturated in carbonate phase where siliceous stromatolites actively grow despite the undersaturation of silica phases. The most of the main sedimentary structures of this lake have been investigated in recent years, with the exception of the carbonate bank running along the south-western margin of the lake, which is the object of this study. Here we report on the mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of the carbonate bank, based on the study of two cores taken in the area mostly affected by the circulation of fluids of different origin. The ultimate results of our study suggest that silica gel deposits form inside the carbonate bank, following an Alkali-Silica Reaction. These new findings complete the general overview on the sedimentary processes acting in a Lake Specchio di Venere, whose origin is sometimes chemico-physical and sometimes strongly conditioned by microbial activity.