bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delightful, Delovely and Externalist
Authors: Duran Jane
Published: March 2020

Se han desarrollado tres argumentos principales para apoyar un modelo externalista de justificación y de conocimiento epistémico. El primer argumento nos pide nombrar nuevamente los orígenes de modelos internalistas y nos recuerda que el trabajo contemporáneo sobre ciencia cognitiva y epistemología naturalizada esta relacionado con estos textos. Un segundo argumento señala deficiencias en el análisis del externalismo en la obra de Bonjour y también se refiere al trabajo de Goldman. El tercer argumento trata el concepto de Kornblith que se refiere a que estamos condicionados para la adquisición de conocimientos de diversas maneras que comprenden procesos inconscientes y no susceptibles de explicaciones en primera persona. Se concluye que las críticas de los internalistas sobre los externalistas no logran superar las dificultades de la posición internalista y tampoco superan la capacidad comparativa del punto de vista externalista.[Traducción: Gisela Hummell N.]
Verdad como correspondencia con los hechos
Authors: Garrido Garrido Julián
Published: March 2020

The idea of truth as a correspondence between statements and facts which can be proved by observation, although intuitively plausiblebased on examples such as "this chalk is white"-, is vague-because the relation between statements and facts can be neither strictly physical as the relations between facts, nor argumentative as the relations between statements. This is an idea hard to give up in everyday practice, but also difficult to accept theoretically. It may however, be asumed as an hypothesis, so that its vagueness could be diminished with a critical analysis. Truth as a correspondence concems only to empirical truth and not to the remaining kinds of truth (logical, definitional and mathematical) that scientific knowledge implies. The correspondence between empirical truths and facts can be direct or undirect. Theoretical principles, experimentallaws and data are undirectly related to facts through predictions of observable evidences. The latteratomic statements which relate objects to observable properties-are the only ones which can adequately be directly related to facts, as their demonstration calls only for observation. The correspondence between true observable evidences and facts is not bijective. The expresive contents of observable evidences are in a sense defective and in another sense excessive with regard to the observed situations or to the facts which allow its verification. First of all, the observable evidences tell us about partial aspects of facts or observed situations. The same situation which confirms the statement: "This is white", could confirm many other observable evidences as: "this is a chalk", "this chalk is white", "this chalk stains", "this chalk is heavy", "this chalk is opaque" or "this chalk is smooth". Secondly, the observable evidences tell us about common aspects between the fact or the observed situation and many other different facts or situations. When we stated "this is white" we are saying "this belongs to the set of white things", set whose extension is not unitary. In sum, the observable evidences are at the same time partial and general in relation with the facts, which are regarding the former complex and singular. Partiality and generality of observable evidences are interrelated as they are aspects of the abstract quality of the statements. Statements (abstract) and facts (concrete) are therefore completely heterogeneous.
El compromiso valorativo de la tecnología
Authors: Piscoya Hermoza Luis A.
Published: March 2020

This paper is a critical analysis of technology as understood today. The author tries to prove three theses: 1) Prescriptive meaning of technological rules, and efficient-inefficient statements are based on expressing what is socially good. 2) Information contained in technological rules is based on scientific-theoretical statements-true in some sense. 3) Technological rules dependence upon systems of value has been avoided because it places emphasis on the artifact and forgets the language. The three theses are based on the analysis of scientific language. They present technology language as action rules of non-scientific nature, and they approach the valorative commitment of technology as if it was an inherent consequence of the logical nature of its own rules. [Carolina Celorio]
On Non-Well Founded Sets
Authors: Hart W. D.
Published: March 2020

En The Liar, Barwise y Etchemendy proponen una construcción de las proposiciones de acuerdo con la cual la proposición expresada por una oración de la forma sujeto-predicado es el par ordenado cuyo primer miembro es la denotaci6n del sujeto y cuyo segundo miembro es la extensión del predicado. Aplicado a oraciones autorreferenciales como "la proposición expresada por esta oración es falsa", esto conduce a un par ordenado que es a la vez el primer miembro de dicho par. Dada la explicación habitual de los pares ordenados, esto conduce a un conjunto que es miembro de sí mismo, Tales conjuntos no son aceptados por las teorías corrientes, inspiradas en el enfoque iterativo de los conjuntos, que el autor describe sintéticamente. Pero hay un enfoque alternativo que sí acepta la existencia de conjuntos como el antes mencionado. El autor sintetiza las ideas fundamentales de esta teoría alternativa, expuesta en Non-Well Founded Sets, de Aczel. Se muestra luego que la mera extensionalidad no basta para fijar la identidad de los conjuntos no-bien-fundados y que además existe una amplia variedad de alternativas para completar un criterio de identidad. Se argumenta que no hay razones firmes para preferir una de estas alternativas. Una comparaci6n con las proposiciones muestra algo similar y el autor finaliza sugiriendo que las proposiciones y los conjuntos no-bien-fundados adolecen de oscuridades paralelas. [Raúl Orayen]
Perspectivism and The Absolute Conception of the World
Authors: Nielsen Kai
Published: March 2020

La concepción absoluta del mundo consiste en una explicación del mundo que sería independiente en grado sumo de las peculiaridades humanas. Es una descripción ideal que podría usar cualquier observador incluso un ser no humano, capaz de investigar el mundo. Bernard Williams formuló esta concepción para derrotar todas las formas de perspectivismo, relativismo y antropocentrismo sin quedar en obligación con el realismo metafísico. Para cumplir con esto, la concepción está diseñada de tal modo que proporcione un contraste inteligible entre el mundo como es en sí mismo y el mundo como nos parece que es. Hilary Putnam y Richard Rorty han sostenido que semejante concepción del mundo es incoherente. No tenemos, ni podemos tener, ninguna concepción de la descripción del mundo única, singularmente verdadera. Williams intenta refutar esto, pero se alega que la respuesta de William a sus críticos no es válida. Sin embargo, también se argumenta que lo inevitable del perspectivismo no implica etnocentrismo ni parroquialismo, así como tampoco un rechazo de la distinción habermasiana entre discurso distorsionado y no distorsionado. [Traducción: Gabriela Montes de Oca V.]
Derecho a la protección de datos personales. Su diseño constitucional
Authors: Magallanes Martínez Víctor Hugo Hiram
Published: March 2020

El derecho a la protección de datos personales se diseño en México como un derecho humano autónomo y como un límite al ejercicio del derecho de acceso a la información. Esto ha impedido un análisis constitucional del derecho a partir del principio de justicia, su relación con los demás derechos fundamentales y su contenido esencial. Por ello, se estudian los limites que el legislador, en el ejercicio de su libertad configurativa, debe observar al momento de establecer alguna restricción al derecho de protección de datos personales, desde el enfoque de las teorias externas de interpretación de los derechos fundamentales.
Deuda pública de las entidades federativas y municipios en México: hacia un modelo de transparencia y vigilancia de los recursos
Authors: Villegas Corona Víctor Alejandro
Published: March 2020

La deuda pública es una de las principales herramientas con que cuentan los gobiernos para obtener recursos adicionales que permiten financiar actividades dirigidas al desarrollo económico y social. En México, luego de un incremento generalizado en las cifras de endeudamiento de los estados y municipios, vinculados con acusaciones de corrupción y manejo indebido de recursos, se aprobó una reforma constitucional que incluye una Ley de Disciplina Financiera de las Entidades Federativas y los Municipios. Este artículo analiza el marco jurídico administrativo que rige los procesos de contratación de endeudamiento público por parte de entidades federativas y municipios, y propone modificaciones orientadas a transparentar la aplicación de recursos provenientes de la deuda pública.
Differences of Circumstance, Differences of Fact: Jefferson’s Medialist View of History
Authors: Holowchak M. Andrew
Published: March 2020

It is often assumed that Jefferson—acquainted with the writings of Scottish thinkers such as Adam Ferguson, Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Lord Kames, Adam Smith, and John Millar—was a stadialist of some persuasion, as several of his writings are at least consistent with stadialism. If so, was he a cyclicalist, committed to a society having a life-cycle, or a linearist, committed to the possibility of continued convergence toward some ideal of perfection? An important letter to William Ludlow and several writings where Jefferson writes of human progress as imprescriptible suggest linear stadialism. Numerous other writings, point to urbanization as a stage of social decay, and suggest cyclicalism. The correct answer, I argue, is that Jefferson was neither a linearist nor a cyclicalist, but a medialist. He viewed movement toward increased urbanization as symptomatic of social decline, but always believed any society, by rooting itself in an agrestic manner—a normative mean between the excesses of subsistence living and urbanization—could avert decline and even work toward continued advance.
Of Dogs and Shepherds: Sheepdog Culture and the American Pastoral
Authors: Wlodarczyk Justyna
Published: March 2020

This text analyzes American sheepdog culture through the lens of American pastoralism, taking its cue from the obvious connection between pastoralism and shepherds, but also locating elements of the American pastoral – in particular the tension between nature and civilization and ambivalence towards technology – in the development of sheepdog trials in the US, the figure of the American shepherd, the shepherd’s attitude to the dog and the training methods used in the process of training a sheepdog.
Burger King and Transnational American Studies: Lessons from the 2013 Nordic Association for American Studies Conference
Authors: Goode Abby , Seglie AnaMaria
Published: March 2020

This article explores the incongruities between transnational American studies as theorized and practiced. Inspired by our experience at the 2013 Nordic Association of American Studies (NAAS) conference, we discuss the challenges of practicing “transnational” American studies within specific nation- and regionbased communities. U.S. scholars tend to conceptualize “transnational” American Studies as an attempt to destabilize U.S. nation—a broadening of the geopolitical frames of reference to promote a variety of heuristics such as hemispheric, Atlantic, circum-Caribbean, borderlands, and transpacific. Scholars at the NAAS conference foregrounded emergent trends and lines of exchange that are sometimes elided in a transnational American studies conceived largely from the vantage point of the U.S. While many themes emerged at the NAAS conference, we examine how the focus on Scandinavian-American relations, Asia, and transnational families help us rethink the transnational turn in American Studies and the borders that bind its practice. In this context, we discuss the paradox of transnational American Studies – that, despite its aim to expand toward an all-encompassing “transnational” paradigm, it remains defined by our geopolitical positions. This paradox presents opportunities for theorizing the divide between American studies and its varying scholarly terrains, especially through international scholarly practice.
Eudemonism or Survivalism? Jefferson and the Unwritten Laws of Self-Preservation
Authors: Holowchak M. Andrew
Published: March 2020

Jefferson states that in certain dire circumstances—e.g., when a person’s life is at stake or when a belligerent nation threatens the existence of another—the legal pacts between those persons or nations, and even the laws of morality, are left in abeyancy. Survival of the threatened person or nation is the only thing that matters, and any actions that conduce to survival are justifiable. Self-preservation in such cases trumps all considerations—even moral considerations. The right to existence then, seems to be the first axiom of morality, lex suprema, for Jefferson in such scenarios. Virtuous living is ancillary. Jefferson seems to be advocating a sort of moral or egoistic “survivalism.” For ancient eudemonists like Aristotle and the Stoics, happiness is the end of living, and a life without the prospect of happiness, of which virtue is the key or sole ingredient, is not worth living. All the goods or conveniences of life, without virtue, cannot make a person anything but miserable. In sum, virtuous living, not living, is the human telos (the Stoics), or the chief part of it (Aristotle). And so, survival without the prospect of virtue is valueless. Is Jefferson a eudemonist or a moral survivalist? Are the two positions reconcilable? In this essay, I argue that the difficult passages, mostly of a political sort, do not lead to moral survivalism, but are instead consistent with the unique eudemonism Jefferson embraced.
Internet clinical trials: examining new disciplinary experiments in health care
Authors: Advocat Jenny
Published: March 2020

Internet-based clinical trials are the latest example of how technology is involved in altering the relationships between medical research institutions and society. This has the potential to change drastically the creation, delivery and access to health care research. An anthropology of science, technology and medicine is well-suited to examine the ways in which relationships (such as doctor-patient) are rearticulated in light of the deployment of new technologies in biomedicine. This paper examines how internet-based clinical trials may create socio-technical networks that form new kinds of subjects. Drawing on actor network theory, I discuss how the internet is co-opted for health research as an experimental disciplinary technology to constitute, normalize and shape the conduct of nomadic consumer-subjects for the purposes of developing new regimes of governing the health of populations.
OIL DEPENDENCE OF POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES IN THE CASPIAN SEA REGION: THE CASE OF AZERBAIJAN AND KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Czech Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

The aim of the research is to present oil dependence of Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan from 2000 till 2017. The analysed countries represent two former Soviet Union countries in the Caspian Sea region and are among the world’s top 15 oil dependent economies. It is shown that both countries generate high oil rents to GDP ratios. Moreover, the paper reveals that their fuels export constitutes a huge portion of total merchandise export. It implies that majority of Azerbaijani and Kazakhstani export revenues come from resources extraction. The empirical analysis of co-movements between the crude oil prices and chosen macroeconomic indicators shows that correlation between oil prices and Kazakhstani and Azerbaijani public debt to GDP ratios is negative, strong and significant. In addition, there is significant relationship between oil prices and Kazakhstani exchange rate and GDP growth rate.
EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE EQUITY FUNDS IN THE YEARS 2004–2015 USING VAR AND CVAR MEASURES
Authors: Żebrowska-Suchodolska Dorota
Published: March 2020

The paper presents analysis of the risk and effectiveness of investments in equity funds using value at risk (VaR) and conditional value at risk measures, i.e. reward to value at risk (RVaR) and conditional Sharpe ratio (CS). The study was conducted for 2004–2015, divided into shorter sub-periods (two-, three-, four- and five-year). The stability of the rankings of funds was examined and its significance was verified using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient between subsequent sub-periods. The highest values of measures were observed for 2004–2005. Even then, they were not satisfactory, and the lack of stability of the results does not guarantee that they will be repeated in the future.
WAGE CONVERGENCE ON THE COUNTY-LEVEL IN POLAND: A PANEL DATA APPROACH
Authors: Ferens Ewa
Published: March 2020

This study investigates nominal wage convergence on the county level in Poland from 2005 till 2017, while accounting for the structural heterogenity of the units and common time shocks. Results reveal that wage levels converge to their own steady-state with the speed of 7.6% of the imbalance per year. When time fixed effects are accounted for, this speed becomes higher and has a value of 34.5%. Common time effects, such as economic cycle considerably contribute to the convergence speed. The exclusion of time effects tends to bias downward the estimated convergence rate. With regard to σ-convergence, wage inequalities across the counties decreased over the years 2005–2010 with their levels moving toward the national average. However, as of 2010 this process, if any, is very slow.
THEORY OF CONTRACTS IN THE LIGHT OF NEW INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS. THE SPECIFICITY OF AGRICULTURAL CONTRACTS
Authors: Lemanowicz Marzena
Published: March 2020

The article reviews Polish and foreign economic literature regarding new institutional economics (NIE) and various research approaches used in the framework of NIE. Particular attention was paid to the economic theory of contracts and the transaction costs, as the limitation of transaction costs is indeed the main stimulus for contract signing. Special attention was given to agricultural contracts and their specificity. The article discusses different theories applied in the analysis of contracts, characterizes contracts according to different criteria, and draws attention to the importance of transaction costs in the theory of contracts. In addition, factors which contribute to these costs have been identified, indicating the necessity of adapting the principles of transaction cost economics to the needs of the agricultural sector.
JOB INSECURITY – CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE NOTION AND METHODS OF MEASUREMENT
Authors: Wyrwa Joanna
Published: March 2020

Increasing globalization and transformation of the modern labour market have changed the traditional employment model, introducing insecurity associated with taking up and maintaining work. Job insecurity, understood as a “perceived threat of job loss and concerns related to this threat” is an unavoidable and widespread phenomenon in today’s professional world. Job insecurity has been of great interest to researchers since the 1980s. Job insecurity is one of the emerging research directions in economic theory. The aim of the article is to try and provide an interdisciplinary conceptualization of job insecurity. The article presents different ways of understanding job insecurity and discusses the methods of its measurement. A systematic review of world literature was conducted to identify and assess the current state of knowledge in this area. The analysis of scholarly publications on job insecurity confirms the existence of a relatively small number of scientific and research studies in this field in Poland. Therefore, a cognitive gap is identified which invites a more indepth investigation of job uncertainty, in particular its integrated review and conceptual framework as well as designing the relevant measurement tool. The article is analytical and conceptual, and can be a contribution to the discussion on job insecurity and a starting point for empirical research in economic sciences.
DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTED COMMUNES OF THE LUBELSKIE VOIVODESHIP IN THE OPINION OF THEIR RESIDENTS
Authors: Komor Agnieszka , Janulewicz Paweł
Published: March 2020

The goal of the study was to identify the level of local development and assess the directions of activities affecting it from the point of view of residents representing the surveyed communes. The H1 research hypothesis – that there is a positive relationship between the pro-development activities preferred by the residents and commune’s current level of development – underwent verification. The research scope included 24 communes from the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The research basically covered 2017. This study utilized the Hellwig’s development model method and the questionnaire survey method. The Hellwig’s model method made it possible to divide the analysed units into four groups regarding their level of development. The survey was used to identify and evaluate activities which, in the opinion of the respondents, are supposed to boost the development of the communes in the future depending on the level of their development to date. As a result of the conducted research, no statistically significant differences were found between the respondents representing communes that differ in the level of local development in terms of evaluation of the importance of particular activities for the communes’ development.
SOCIAL INCLUSION OF INDIVIDUALS SUFFERING FROM EXCLUSION – EVALUATION OF MOTIVES AND ACTIONS IN VIEW OF OWN RESEARCH
Authors: Szewczyk-Jarocka Mariola
Published: March 2020

Main aim of analyses presented in the article was to determine the motives and actions which promote social inclusion of the unemployed, most frequently suffering from social exclusion. The survey was conducted in 2018 based on the questionnaire among the population of 350 respondents. The analyses included the distribution of answers to survey question within the entire sample together with the verification of statistical significance between the answers provided and such variables as: gender, age, education and period of being registered in Municipal Employment Office. Results of the study show that increasing social awareness on the access to benefits is an important motif influencing social inclusion. The awareness of the fact of being deprived of the right to retirement pension, no access to healthcare and increased creditworthiness shape the knowledge of the society in relation to the importance of working within the official labour market to a significant extent.
THE INTRA-EUROPEAN UNION TRADE OF MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS
Authors: Bórawski Piotr , Dunn James , Harper Jayson , Pawlewicz Adam
Published: March 2020

The study analyzed the intra-European Union trade of milk and dairy products in 1998–2017. The volume of intra-EU imports and exports, the balance of trade and the share of imports and exports of milk and dairy products in total EU trade in the EU in 2000–2017 were analyzed. In addition, the price of 1 kg of milk and dairy products imported and exported in the EU’s internal market in 2015–2017 was presented in the EU countries (EUR). Tabular, graphical and descriptive statistics were used in the work. In 2004–2014, the volume of intra-EU exports exceeded imports. In turn, in 2015–2017 a strong downward trend and an increase in the surplus of imports over the exports of milk and dairy products on the EU’s internal markets is noticeable.
THE REDISTRIBUTION FUNCTION IN POLAND’S AGRICULTURAL BUDGETS IN THE LONG TERM
Authors: Czyżewski Andrzej , Kata Ryszard , Matuszczak Anna
Published: March 2020

The study specifies the premises and purposes of the redistribution function of budget expenditures on agriculture. It determines the amount of expenditures fulfilling these purposes in Poland’s agricultural budgets in 1995–2018. An attempt was also made to assess their effects in the context of the dynamics of farmers’ income, the disparity between farmers’ income and the incomes of other social and professional groups, as well as intrasectoral disproportion in farm household income. It was demonstrated that the increase of budget expenditures on agriculture in 2004 contributed to a real increase of farmers’ income and a decrease in the disparity between the income of farm households and the income of households in general and of working households. However, the increase of redistribution expenditures did not reverse the progressing process of farm household income polarisation.
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL PENSION SYSTEMS IN UKRAINE AND POLAND
Authors: Parlińska Agnieszka , Rudyk Volodymyr
Published: March 2020

population and employers in terms of financing retirement age. Therefore, there was a need to reform the national pension systems in accordance with modern requirements of society and the need for social protection of retirement age citizens. The paper is dedicated to compare peculiarities of the formation and development of the national pension systems of Ukraine and Poland. Also the possibility of using the experience of both countries in the further implementation of the pension reform was discussed.
Branched-Chain Amino Acids Exacerbate Obesity-Related Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorders via Attenuating Akt2 Signaling
Authors: Zhao Huishou , Zhang Fuyang , Sun Dan , Wang Xiong , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhang Jinglong , Yan Feng , Huang Chong , Xie Huaning , Lin Chen , Liu Yi , Fan Miaomiao , Yan Wenjun , Chen Youhu , Lian Kun , Li Yueyang , Zhang Ling , Wang Shan , Tao Ling
Published: March 2020

Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with the progression of obesity-related metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, whether BCAAs disrupt the homeostasis of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains unknown. In this study, we observed that BCAAs supplementation significantly reduced high-fat (HF) diet–induced hepatic lipid accumulation while increasing the plasma lipid levels and promoting muscular and renal lipid accumulation. Further studies demonstrated that BCAAs supplementation significantly increased hepatic gluconeogenesis and suppressed hepatic lipogenesis in HF diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. These phenotypes resulted from severe attenuation of Akt2 signaling via mTORC1- and mTORC2-dependent pathways. BCAAs/branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) chronically suppressed Akt2 activation through mTORC1 and mTORC2 signaling and promoted Akt2 ubiquitin-proteasome–dependent degradation through the mTORC2 pathway. Moreover, the E3 ligase Mul1 played an essential role in BCAAs/BCKAs-mTORC2-induced Akt2 ubiquitin-dependent degradation. We also demonstrated that BCAAs inhibited hepatic lipogenesis by blocking Akt2/SREBP1/INSIG2a signaling and increased hepatic glycogenesis by regulating Akt2/Foxo1 signaling. Collectively, these data demonstrate that in DIO mice, BCAAs supplementation resulted in serious hepatic metabolic disorder and severe liver insulin resistance: insulin failed to not only suppress gluconeogenesis but also activate lipogenesis. Intervening BCAA metabolism is a potential therapeutic target for severe insulin-resistant disease.
Methodological approaches to project management of territory exploitation in terms of integrated housing development
Authors: Nabiev Ramazan Abdulmuminovich , Zverev Vladimir Vladimirovich , Iglina Nataliia
Published: March 2020

The article focuses on the problem of creating the comfortable urbanized environment by means of complex housing development of districts acting as an effective management tool that ensures a balanced spatial development of the economy of municipalities. The conditions of investment attractiveness of the projects of territorial integrated development are defined on the basis of their modeling. A brief description is given and the results of modeling (morphological, economic) are presented. Measures for investment management in the complex residential development and logical sequence of their implementation are established. The content is disclosed and the algorithm of choosing the optimal variant of complex residential development is proposed. The selection scheme of the housing development project includes summarizing information about the construction site, morphological modeling of design decisions for integrated housing development, determining the correspondence of design decisions to urban planning regulations, building codes and rules, economic modeling of design decisions, determining the compliance of commercial performance indicators with the owner’s expectations, providing design solutions to municipal authorities for approval, determining the compliance of the project results with the municipality expectations, approval of the project development and involving the project into the municipal investment program. It has been stated that assessment of the effectiveness of investment projects financed with budgetary resources does not take into account the environmental and social efficiency of investments in the non-productive sphere, the Rules of Land Use and Development for the territories of municipal entities do not establish full, comprehensive requirements for evaluating the effectiveness of decisions on the development of municipal territories in the long-term run. There has been substantiated the necessity to differentiate the residential real estate objects according to the degree of comfort, which is an effective indicator of the assessment of the quality of housing construction and the need for municipal authorities to take into account additional indicators when choosing a project of complex residential development in order to meet the expectations of all parties involved.
Retrospective analysis of the USSR sea trade ports operation in conditions of new economic policy (1921-1928).
Authors: Sabaydash Marina Vladislavovna
Published: March 2020

The article highlights the specific features of implementing the new economic policy in the seaports of the USSR. The general laws of economic development of the commercial sea ports during the NEP period have been formulated. Statistical data on port capacity from the UK, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the USA, and France were used for the first time, and an assessment of the economic development of domestic sea ports was made in comparison with the above countries. It was stated that the drop in cargo turnover of the Soviet ports in relation to 1913 was the most significant, and the post-war restoration was slower in comparison with European ports, with the railway and inland water transport of the USSR. It was proved that the decrease in port turnover in the USSR was a consequence of a decrease in the foreign trade volume and short sea shipping. Maintaining the state monopoly of foreign trade, which in the NEP period transformed into the state capitalism, negatively affected outward and inward trade. The intensity of coastal shipping service grew slowly due to the low specialization of the regions. The seaport management system was studied; its centralization and similarity with the port management system of the Russian Empire were stated. There have been presented the study results of property relations in seaports. It was determined that the landowners in the ports were state departments represented by central ministries (people's commissariats), the owners of other property were state and sectorial governmental bodies, joint-stock companies with a predominance of state ownership. Sea trade ports were funded from the budget of the People's Commissariat of Communication Means. Port financing was ten times less than financing of railways and several times less than inland water transport financing
La “Ley Box” y la prensa mexicana (1929-1930)
Authors: Alanís Enciso Fernando Saúl
Published: March 2020

El artículo analiza las principales opiniones que provocó, en la prensa mexicana independiente, la iniciativa de ley que el congresista texano John Box promovió entre 1929 y 1930, cuyo objetivo central fue que el gobierno de Estados Unidos implantara una cuota a la inmigración procedente de México. Muestra que los discursos de la prensa giraron en torno a cuatro temas: 1) declaraciones acerca de cómo la iniciativa humillaba a México y sus ciudadanos; 2) algunos insultos a Estados Unidos y recriminaciones debido a su manera de actuar; 3) consideración acerca de que, medidas como estas, provocaban tensión en las relaciones entre ambos países y 4) comentarios acerca de los efectos positivos que para México tendría. La hipótesis central del trabajo es que estas opiniones son las primeras que se dieron en México en el siglo XX respecto a una propuesta legislativa impulsada en Estados Unidos tendiente a restringir la inmigración mexicana. De ahí su relevancia.
Alban Berg – Sieben frühe Lieder. Performance perspectives
Authors: Butu Ionela
Published: March 2020

The study presents several interpretative suggestions made from the perspective of the accompanying pianist that played Alban Bergʼs Sieben frühe Lieder. Why this topic? Because in the Romanian music literature, there is nothing written about the song cycle Sieben frühe Lieder by Alban Berg, which is a representative work in the history of the art song. The theme, addressed in the literature written abroad, is treated mostly from a musicological standpoint. That is why we considered it useful to make some observations of an interpretative nature. They will become relevant if read in parallel with the PhD thesis entitled Alban Bergʼs “Sieben frühe Lieder”: An Analysis of Musical Structures and Selected Performances, written by Lisa A. Lynch (the only documentary source that proposes in-depth syntactic analyses of the work, associated with valuable interpretative suggestions made from a vocal perspective). We also considered useful, during the study, the comparison between the two variants of the work: the chamber/voice-piano version and the orchestral version. The analysis of the symphonic text was carried out intending the observation of significant details useful for realizing an expressive duo performance. Of course, our interpretative suggestions are a variant between many others. However, irrespective of dynamic, agogic, timbral, and articulation elements highlighted by the various performances, the reference point of any interpretative view remains the musical text, whose syntactic wealth opens up a generous semantic area.
Church Music as Reflected in the Journal Biserica Ortodoxă Română [Romanian Orthodox Church] in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Chircev Elena
Published: March 2020

The journal Biserica Ortodoxă Română [The Romanian Orthodox Church] was founded on November 17, 1873, at the initiative of Romania’s Primate Metropolitan Nifon Rusailă (1789-1875). The aim of the publication – whose first issue was launched on October 1, 1874 – was to inform the clergy and believers about the activity of the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church. In the 146 years since the publication of its first issue, the journal’s contributors have included outstanding personalities of the Romanian Orthodoxy, such as Priest-Professors Dumitru Stăniloae, Ioan G. Coman, Ene Branişte, Liviu Stan, Mircea Păcurariu, Ion Bria a.o. Church music was present in the journal’s pages both through articles, studies and reviews, and through scores of choral or psaltic works written by Church servants among whom Bishop Melchisedec Ștefănescu of Roman at the end of the 19th century, or Deacon Grigore Panțiru, Professor Nicolae Lungu, Priest-Professor Gheorghe Șoima, Archd. Sebastian Barbu-Bucur, Ph.D., Priest-Professors Constantin Drăgușin, Nicu Moldoveanu, Alexie Buzera a.o. in the 20th century. This paper summarizes these contributions and shows how the change of political regime in mid-20th-century Romania influenced the topics of the articles and the religious musical works published in the journal of the Romanian Patriarchate.
Polycystic ovary syndrome and mental disorders – discussion on the recommendations of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE)
Authors: Derewianka-Polak Magdalena , Polak Grzegorz , Tkaczuk-Włach Joanna , Gerhant Aneta , Olajossy Marcin
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women at the reproductive age. In 2018, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) developed and published new accurate recommendations for the diagnosis and management of women with PCOS. In this work, a separate chapter is devoted to the quality of life and mental disorders in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Material and Methods: This article provides an overview of the literature regarding mental disorders associated with PCOS with the focus on the ESHRE recommendations.
Conclusion: The medical staff and patients should be aware of the negative impact of polycystic ovary syndrome on the quality of life, coexistence of depression, anxiety, psychosexual and eating disorders.

Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome, psychiatric disorders, recommendations.
Risk assessment for groundwater in the region of municipal landfill systems in Tychy-Urbanowice (Southern Poland)
Authors: Rykała Wojciech , Dąbrowska Dominika
Published: March 2020

An Environmental Risk Assessment is an efficient technical and analytical method for analyzing environmental impacts and it supports the decision-making process connected with projects variants by using historical data collection, identification of regional risk sources, probability and impact estimation of signal risk type. In this article, an Environmental Risk Assessment was performed for groundwater quality in the region of municipal landfills in Tychy-Urbanowice (Southern Poland) to assess the impact of various factors on the quality of groundwater in the region. The assessment used qualitative and quantitative risk analysis methods, including cause and consequence analysis, completion of an effect/probability matrix and utilization of the SWOT analysis method. The results of the assessment indicate that use of the SWOT analysis was the best method for groundwater risk assessment in the examined area. The analysis included an assessment of the spatial and temporal variability of leachate and groundwater quality (using data from a groundwater monitoring system), simulation of the longevity of both the top and bottom security system, spatial planning and an assessment of the impact of other parameters on groundwater, terrain and climatic conditions. The overall result for this analysis for the likely potential groundwater hazard was a score of -4. For the purposes of further risk analyses, it is possible to consider additional factors that are likely to affect the water quality of the area under investigation or to use other methods that will be based on a time series analysis.
Socio-economic and environmental benefits of biofuel production development from agricultural waste in Ukraine
Authors: Pryshliak Natalia , Tokarchuk Dina
Published: March 2020

Energy needs are determined by three main factors: population growth, the economic development of society, and the scientific and technical level of production processes. These needs are increasing year by year in the world and in 2018 they exceeded 13.5 billion tons of oil equivalent. More and more countries are developing and implementing plans and strategies for significant coverage, within 50-100%, of their energy needs through renewable energy sources. The findings of this study revealed that Ukraine’s energy demand per year is 200 million tons of oil equivalent of energy resources. Currently, the share of renewable energy in the structure of energy consumption in Ukraine is 4.4%. The authors also acknowledged that at the same time, 115 million tons of agricultural plant waste and about 97 million tons of animal waste are generated annually in Ukraine, which makes it possible to produce 7.21 million tons of oil equivalent and 2.2 million tons of oil equivalent, respectively from these. The study found that the production of biofuels from agricultural waste will have social, economic and environmental effects. An efficiency matrix was constructed by the authors to determine these effects. Using the SWOT method of analysis, factors that will affect the development of biofuel production from agricultural waste were determined.
“Very much alive and very much under threat”: Chasing the Coffee-Flavored American Dream in Dave Eggers’s Monk of Mokha
Authors: Andreescu Raluca
Published: March 2020

This essay examines the manner in which Dave Eggers’s recent work of literary nonfiction, The Monk of Mokha (2018), sets out to amplify the voices of the marginalized by chronicling the adventures of a young Yemeni-American in search of the best coffee in the world. This takes the protagonist from the infamous neighborhood of his birth in San Francisco, “a valley of desperation in a city of towering wealth,” to his trials and tribulations in the war-torn homeland of Yemen. I will argue that the narrative, which blurs the lines between fiction and nonfiction and combines history, politics, biography and thriller, highlights the American entrepreneurial zeal and contagious exuberance which still feed the immigrant American Dream and proves that social mobility in the United States is still attainable, sometimes as a result of chasing the world’s most dangerous cup of coffee. Moreover, I argue that the protagonist’s endeavor can be read within the larger context of contemporary political consumption as an example of social justice activism and ethics-driven buying.
The influence of organic plant material on seed germination and development of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings
Authors: Kwiatkowski Damian , Słowiński Krzysztof , Knapek Jarosław
Published: March 2020

In this article we analysed the influence of plant-based organic admixtures on the germination process of seeds and the early development of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings. The intensity of dumpin-off diseases within the culture was recorded after applying each of the admixtures. Organic material of nettle Urtica dioica L., softwood litter, hardwood litter and peat were applied to the nursery substrate in two ways, either as an admixture in crushed form or in granulated form. None of the introduced admixtures influenced the germination of seeds or the survival rate of pine seedlings positively. The best results were obtained with a substrate without admixtures used as a control, which is the most common nursery substrate. The worst seed germination rate was observed on the substrate enriched with the organic material from nettles. In pots with granulated organic material from hardwood litter, significantly more seedlings showed signs of post-emergence dermatitis. In all other cases, there was no clear difference between the crushed or granulated admixture in either germination or survival of seedlings. We furthermore demonstrated that the process of granulating plant material leads to an approximately 10-fold increase in the bulk density of the granulated substance, which translates directly into volume reduction.
A Review-Halal Animal Nutrition Perspective to the Halal Meat Production
Authors: Iqbal Aamir , Shah Syed Rizwan Ali , Cetingul Ibrahim Sadi , qudoos Abdul , Bayram Ismail
Published: March 2020

This review tends to analyze the importance of halal animal feed from the Islamic standpoint and describes the drawbacks of non-halal. Mischievousness to animal handling during production, transport, and slaughter in states where Islam is the main doctrine has created doubts about the quality of products. Islam is a religious conviction that illustrates empathy to animals and well-being of humankind food as mentioned in the holy book Qur’an and sayings of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH). In a variety of animal-based halal food products, a Muslim should be conscious of not only about the rearing organization of the animals but also the slaughtering procedure. Animal feed is the preliminary Critical Control Point to establish the halal authenticity of animal-based food products. Regardless of the recognized agenda on animal feed in Middle East Asia, impurity in animal feed ingredients is still occurring and repetitively reported by the media. Feed inflicts direct effect on the animal originated feedstuffs like meat, milk, and eggs and it has been acknowledged as the foremost cause of diseases in both humans as well as animals. Consequently, any action that is associated with the production of livestock must be intimately explored to spot any vulnerability with liable Islamic laws of food and hit upon those traditions to avoid them. The intent of this review is to appraise the halal nutritional system of animals and see whether it has any optimistic or depressing effects on the health of the customers. Our advancement will be comprehensive as we have focused on the socio-religious aspects of human health. The verdict of this review could be made as an orientation by the policymakers of emerging officially authorized business bodies for producing, importing and auction of halal animal feed according to Islamic set of guidelines.
Materials Requirement Planning with the Use of Activity Based Costing
Authors: Więcek Dorota , Więcek Dariusz , Dulina Luboslav
Published: March 2020

One of the rationalization areas is the material supply process. New tasks of material supply are: integration of supply with the operation of the entire system, especially at the product design stage, effective use of material resources, reduction of the level of supply costs from the point of view of production costs. In the conditions of unit and small batch production the materials requirement needs to be carefully planned and optimized due to the use of many different kinds, types and sizes of materials and dynamic changes of demand over time. In this situation there are needed tools enabling the measurement of production costs for particular tasks on the basis of currently realized processes. One of these tools is activity based costing which is a groundwork for decision making process in the material supply area. Basing on activity based costing, a model of materials requirements planning was developed, which considers minimizing the number of different kinds and sizes of materials by using alternative materials and, consequently, lowering production costs.
Integrating Principles of Excellence and of Socially Responsible Entrepreneurship
Authors: Čierna Helena , Sujová Erika
Published: March 2020

Social responsibility is seen as an institutional innovation, which leads to a chance of social rules. Social responsibility also stimulates other types of innovation, which could work as feedback to keep or as a strategic change of social responsibility. The strategy for improvement of quality creates opportunities to identify and to learn from those who are farther along the road to exceptionality and have improved quality or their products and services by improving their organization. The initiative to improve quality of products and services by improving the organization has to be based on clearly defined principles that help define key functions that support organization’s activities, required resources and serve as supporting tools to improve quality. For an organization to have long term and continuous success it needs to fulfill expectations of all stakeholders and as part of this we can discuss Corporate Social Responsibility – CSR. This includes behaviour of organizations that goes beyond the prescribed legislative requirements, but includes activities that benefit not only the organization itself, but also its employees and the public.