bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling the Dynamics of a Facility for Understanding Critical Resource Use in Oiled Seabird Rehabilitation
Authors: Nijkamp Hugo , van der Werff-Ten Bosch Jasper , Velter Claude
Published: December 2021

The rehabilitation of oiled birds in a large scale event can be a challenging undertaking, especially because of emergency dynamics which make it difficult to predict when, and how many animals will be arriving at a facility from day to day. Scenarios from past spill events demonstrate that even a small oil spill in a vulnerable area or season can produce hundreds of live oiled birds washing ashore, every day, for many days or weeks in a row.

Any facility (permanent or temporary) or a network of facilities near the incident site would have difficulty to admit and process streams of hundreds of birds per day while continuing to try and guarantee mimumum care standards in every stage of the rehabilitation process. Guaranteeing these minimum standards during the whole of the response needs a thorough understanding of the many functional relationships between available resources (people, equipment, consumables, foods etc), the quality and size of the facility set-up, and the maximum number of animals that each department in the facility can treat per time unit, according to these standards.

The mathematical model “Birds in Rehab (BiR version 1.0)” was developed between 2012 and 2015 as a simulation tool for facility managers to understand the dynamics of animals of one species (guillemot/murre) flowing through a facility according to realistic decision making of experts on the work floor. Recently, thanks to funds from the Netherlands authorities, the tool was updated (current version: BiR 2.2) in order to be able to simulate multiple species that are admitted to a facility. Different species need different resources, which have been included in the updated model. A new functionality is a calculator, which runs a given scenario in a few seconds, and allow the user to compare the results (survival, release of species) of alternative treatment strategies.

This paper will describe the BiR 2.2 model and its applications. One of the useful features is that it provides quantitative overviews of how many animals are in care at any time, and in which phase of treatment they are. This allows a useful assessment of the feasibility of such numbers in relation to available resources, space, and other natural limits of the facility that is simulated. The model can help to explore the capacity limits of a given facility setup and see where bottlenecks may appear.

The new version will be used for training and planning purposes, and is guaranteed to assist experts who are interested in deepening their insights in dynamic processes on the work floor of a facility that are impossible to exercise and in reality hard to unravel.
Blowout Well Response: TOTAL Large Scale Exercise Drill in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Tripp Alex
Published: December 2021

In March 2019, TOTAL planned and executed the first of its kind Large Scale Exercise (LSE) in Nigeria. Before this operator led LSE, capping equipment had not been deployed in Africa. Since this was the first exercise of the sort to be undertaken in Nigeria, there were several objectives defined at the outset of the exercise: test the entire response chain (logistics, preparation, execution and communication);demonstrate to the Nigerian authorities that a comprehensive and efficient response could be executed in a timely manner; anddocument, record lessons learned and then feed them back to the local affiliate and others to improve future response operations

For this exercise, TOTAL deployed its Subsea Emergency Response System (SERS) which was commissioned for construction at the beginning of 2012. Two systems were developed for drilling and production hydrocarbon blowout scenarios. The LSE's focus was to deploy the capping system while also taking the opportunity to simulate pumping dispersant. TOTAL has two SERS's that are stored in Pointe Noire, Congo and Luanda, Angola. Due to the readiness of the system in Congo (recently tested and the appropriate connector installed), it was chosen to be used for the LSE.

An abandoned appraisal well was chosen for the exercise due to it being free from subsea infrastructure. The detailed work scope for the LSE was as follows:

SERS ○ Controls Distribution Unit (CDU) deployment○ Flying Lead Deployment Frame (FLDF) deployment○ Diverter Spool Assembly (DSA) deployment○ Connection of the Hydraulic Flying Leads (HFL's) and Electric Flying Leads (EFL's)○ Landing the DSA and locking the connector by Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV)○ Performing an Acoustic Communication System (ACS) test

Subsea Dispersant Injection (SSDI) ○ Deploying the Hose Deployment Frame (HDF)○ Deploying the routing manifold on Coiled Tubing (CT)○ Connecting all hoses with the ROV○ Simulating pumping dispersant over the well

All equipment was successfully deployed and tested with all objectives achieved. The highlights of the operations were as follows: ○ 20 days from Congo SERS equipment loadout until the end of operations○ Approximately 27 hours from OneSubsea (OSS) arrival on the vessel until the DSA was locked on the wellhead○ DSA connector lock and unlock between 4 to 5 minutes○ 52.1 bbls of simulated dispersant pumped within a one hour timeframe
Synthesis of photochemical transformations of oil in the sea
Authors: Ward Collin P. , Overton Edward B.
Published: December 2021

In this presentation and article, we synthesize findings from a workshop about our understanding of the interplay between crude oil photochemical oxidation and oil spill response, emphasizing how this understanding has evolved since the 2010 DWH spill. Our discussion is guided by one overarching questions: what role does photochemical oxidation play towards informing effective oil spill response operations? We show that prior to the DWH spill, our understanding of the relative importance of oil weathering processes, specifically photochemical weathering, was incomplete. We further explore how accounting for photochemical changes to oil's properties (physical and chemical) could improve the effectiveness of oil spill response operations, specifically chemical dispersant applications. Lastly, we identify priority knowledge gaps related to this guiding research question.
Oil Spill Thickness Determination from L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: Jones Cathleen E. , Jaruwatanadilok Sermsak , Duan Xueyang , Holt Benjamin
Published: December 2021

Efficient and effective oil spill response requires accurate information regarding slick location, extent, and thickness to direct remediation activities. Of these three, the most challenging to determine is thickness. Ideally, the needed information would be provided by remote sensing instruments, particularly those operating from space. In this study we consider the capability of L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for identifying oil layer thickness for slicks in open water given the range of oil properties and environmental conditions typical in this setting. The goal is to determine layer thickness with precision equivalent to that of the Bonn Agreement Oil Appearance Code. Here we report preliminary results of an ongoing study to determine whether either relative or absolute slick thickness can be determined from L-band SAR. The study has an experimental component, which uses low noise airborne SAR data acquired over slicks to evaluate the capability to determine relative thickness, i.e., to differentiate sheen from zones of varying thicker oil within a slick. The component of the study to evaluate whether absolute thickness can be determined from SAR uses backscatter simulations within a physics-based model of electromagnetic scattering from slicked and unslicked ocean surfaces accounting for oil properties, meteorological conditions, and sea state. As part of the theoretical component of the study, we evaluate the backscatter sensitivity to oil characteristics to determine which properties most influenced the SAR measurements. These results are used to determine whether the oil-to-water ratio or the oil thickness can be quantified with reasonable accuracy based upon SAR backscatter intensities alone or whether it requires calibration to go from relative to absolute thickness. The ratio of the backscatter contrast between clean and slicked ocean surfaces is shown to be sensitive to variations within slicks that well correlate with the oil layer thickness. Determination of absolute thickness is much more challenging given the variation of oil properties as the oil weathers on the sea surface.
Kenya's National Framework to Enhance the Response Capability to Oil Spills
Authors: Rios Jose M. , Taylor Elliott , Muthike Stellamaris , Mbaru Michael
Published: December 2021

Investment in the oil and gas sector in the East Africa region should commingle with the incorporation of best practices in oil spill emergency response. Upstream, Midstream, and Downstream operations must focus on prevention of emergencies but always be prepared to implement response actions if all engineering and safety defenses fail. Elements of environmental stewardship, applied scientific research, and technology are among key considerations needed in contingency planning to mitigate the socioeconomic and ecological consequences of hydrocarbon releases.

Kenya is in the process of realizing its oil and gas potential. The country has started injection and production testing of its oil reserves in Turkana and has initiated oil export through the Port of Mombasa. These activities, coupled with increased rate of sea borne trade and planned relocation of Kipevu Oil Terminal to an offshore platform, places the country at risk of oil spills and therefore the need to have a robust system of spill prevention, preparedness and response.

The World Bank's International Development Assistance (IDA) recognized the relevance of enhancing preparedness and response capability and, through the Kenya Ministry of Petroleum and Mining, initiated the development of the national framework for onshore and offshore oil prevention, preparedness, and response capacity in Kenya. The project is divided into four phases (Identification, Development, Implementation, and Kenya's Regional (East Africa) Response Capacity Enhancement) and four primary deliverables: National Oil Spill Contingency Plan for Marine and Navigable WatersOnshore National Oil Spill Contingency PlanNational Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique (SCAT) Guidance ManualNational Oiled Wildlife Response and Preparedness Guidance Manual

This paper provides an overview of the four phases, describes the approach used to meet the project objectives, and provides an overview of the national oil spill contingency plans and national guidance manuals.
Evolution of Federal Oil Pollution Research Planning
Authors: Vocke William T. , Miller Eric J. , Hudson Candi , Lundgren Scott , Conmy Robyn N. , Trego Kirsten R. , Baillie Carol A.
Published: December 2021

This paper describes the evolution of the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Oil Pollution Research (ICCOPR) Oil Pollution Research and Technology Plan (R&T Plan) to address changing oil pollution risks associated with advancements in the energy industry practices. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) Title VII required development of an R&T Plan to identify the resources needed for the government research programs. The 1992 R&T Plan and its 1997 revision marked a major advancement in how the United States (U.S.) planned its oil pollution research. The first two plans met the needs of their time but were outdated when the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 revealed a wide range of new research needed to address the risks associated with advancements in industry practices.

ICCOPR responded to the new challenges by revising the Charter and establishing a six-year R&T Plan revision cycle. In September 2015, ICCOPR released the FY 2015–2021 R&T Plan, which established a new baseline plan for current and future planning. This paper describes the structured review process used to analyze more than 900 research needs identified since OPA 90 was enacted. The paper explains the new research classification process that established four Classes, 25 Standing Research Areas (SRAs), and 150 priority research needs in the R&T Plan.

ICCOPR is working on the first revision in the new six-year planning cycle to cover the FY2022–2027 timeframe. The paper describes the factors being evaluated to update the list of priority needs. These factors include how well current priorities have been addressed and new or emerging oil pollution risks. An update on the status of addressing the priorities will be presented, including the number of SRAs addressed by ICCOPR agencies and others.
The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response
Authors: White Helen K. , Karras Stacee
Published: December 2021

Each marine oil spill presents unique circumstances and challenges that require careful consideration of which response options are most appropriate for mitigating impacts to local communities and the environment, which may include the use of dispersants. Dispersants are chemical countermeasures that reduce the amount of floating oil by promoting the formation of small droplets that remain or become entrained in the water column, where they are subjected to greater dissolution and dilution. During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, an unprecedented volume of dispersants was used at the surface and in the deep ocean. The spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill science, especially regarding dispersant use. Building on two previous reports and using this new information, a committee of experts convened by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) conducted a review and evaluation of the science on dispersant use. The committee's review focused on various aspects of dispersant use in offshore marine oil spills, including dispersant and oil fate and transport, human health considerations, biological effects, decision making, and alternative response options, among others. The findings and recommendations of the committee were published in the recent report, The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response (available for free download at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25161/the-use-of-dispersants-in-marine-oil-spill-response). The presentation summarizes the committee's findings and recommendations within the context of oil spill response science and technology. A key area of consideration is how they relate to and support a robust decision making process in the event dispersants are considered for use in future spills.
Controlling and Documenting Dispersant Effectiveness During Subsea Dispersant Injection (SSDI) - A Novel System for Dispersant Dosage and In-Situ Monitoring of Oil Droplet and Gas Bubble Sizes
Authors: Brandvik Per Johan , Davies Emlyn , Nepstad Raymond , Nordmark Leiv-Ove
Published: December 2021

Subsea dispersant injection (SSDI) has been implemented as a response method since it was first used in large-scale during the Macondo subsea blow-out in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. Oil and gas operators have access to SSDI equipment through multiple suppliers of response equipment. This equipment is a crucial part of the capping and containment package offered in the event of a subsea blow-out. The concept is used to ensure access to the spill site (remove surface oil), improve working conditions (reduce exposure to volatile oil components) and finally be used as a response option to reduce environmental impact form the spill (reduce surfacing & stranding of oil and increase natural biodegradation of dispersed oil as small droplets).

However, a subsea blow-out of 12 000 m3/day, would require 800–1600 m3 of dispersant for the first week with a dosage of 1–2%. Controlling the dispersant dosage could be critical, especially, since the initial volume of available dispersants could be limited.

This paper presents a new system for automatic dispersant dosage control. The system monitors the size distribution of the released oil droplets and gas bubbles. The injected dosage of dispersant is then automatically adjusted to obtain a desired oil droplet size. The dispersant dosage from a hydraulically operated valve is adjusted based on a real-time signal from a silhouette camera (SilCam) positioned in the rising oil & gas plume. The SilCam is used to quantify oil droplet and gas bubble distributions. The SilCam can be held in place by a Remote operated Vehicle (ROV) and all signals are brought to the operator onboard the supply vessel via the ROV's umbilical cord. The concept is tested by down-scaled experiments at SINTEF and verified in full-scale by Oceaneering in a large ROV test pool.

This study was headed by Oceanering in close cooperation with SINTEF and funded by the Norwegian Research Council and multiple Norwegian energy companies; Equinor Petroleum AS, Lundin Norge AS, ENI Norge AS, Total E&P Norge AS and ConocoPhillips Scandinavia AS.
Benchmark and Legal Framework Study on Oil Spill Prompt Response and Contingency Resources for Oil & Gas Offshore Structures: A Global Cooperation
Authors: Salvi Raisa Gabriela , Singer Eugenio , Sahlit Sergio de Mesquita , Leite Luísa Mathias , Burger Kathryn , Steer Rob
Published: December 2021

A well-developed legal and regulatory framework on contingency planning and response arrangements with establishment of clear responsibilities and coordination between government and industry is one of the success keys for an effective oil spill preparedness and response strategy. Furthermore, international co-operation and mutual assistance in preparing for and responding to major oil pollution incidents have become critical in order to reduce potential impacts to the environment and populations.

National policies on oil spill coordination and response vary from nation to nation. Governments are encouraged to ratify the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation of 1990 (OPRC 90) and develop laws and procedures for preparing for and responding to oil spills. This is often accomplished through the preparation of a national contingency plan under the auspices of an agreed national regulatory authority (IPIECA, 2000).

Following recent oil spills, such as the 2010 Deepwater Horizon within the Gulf of Mexico, interest on oil spill legislation has risen among stakeholders, as regional and national policies in some regions of the globe became stricter, notably on the need of available contingency resources, as well as transboundary and coordinated response (as required, for example, by the recent Europewide Safety of Offshore Oil and Gas Operations). In this context, a benchmark and legal framework study on oil spill prompt response and contingency resources for Oil & Gas offshore infrastructures was performed, focusing on six relevant Oil & Gas production areas: United States, Canada, North Sea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. The continuous process of information gathering, review and consolidation throughout the analysis comprehended an establishment of a cooperation network of Oil & Gas consultant experts from these different areas of interest, including communication with local regulatory agencies in cases of uncertainties.

The intent of this paper is to present the benchmarking and comparison of the legal requirements and regulatory framework on the availability of oil spill prompt response and contingency resources of these six areas of interest, as well as discuss potential legal weaknesses and opportunities for improvements on their regional and national contingency system.
An Overview of Wellhead Burning: Fundamental Science to Burn Performance Prediction
Authors: Tuttle Steven G. , Fisher Brian T. , Kessler David A. , Pfützner Christopher J. , Skiba Aaron W. , Jacob Rohit J.
Published: December 2021

While wellhead burning has been an oil field hazard for generations, the development of capping response technologies and practices by industry experts has enabled the oil exploration community to shift its views of wellhead burning from a hazard to an oil spill response tool. This review covers some of the fundamental scientific aspects and technical issues of wellhead burning that engineers and policy makers will need to consider as this mitigation strategy is examined as a standard oil spill response tactic. For context, we examine a potential wellhead blowout scenario over a range of oil flows and examine the regimes of two-phase pipe flows, their dependence on wellbore velocities and gas-liquid ratios, and how those regimes will influence the burn efficiency with some insight from our experimental observations from two-phase spray burn testing. Among the critical findings that we present is that the worst-case discharge flow rate cannot be assumed to be the worst-case wellhead burning scenario.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Myofibroblasts Using α- SMA in Oral Submucous Fibrosis Turning into Malignancy- A Case Report and Review
Authors: Purkait Swapan Kumar , Abhinandan . , Priya Nimisha , Singh Sriyanshi , Singh Sneha
Published: December 2021

Oral submucous fibrosis is a premalignant condition, characterized by fibrosis in oral mucosa causing stiffness of mucosa and leading to reduced mouth opening. The malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis is very high among the rest of the premalignant conditions. Chronic chewing of arecanut causes production of myofibroblasts. These myofibroblasts plays an important role in neoangiogenesis as well as disintegration of the basement membrane at the tumor invasive front leading to carcinoma.  Here, we are doing an Immunohistochemical study using alpha SMA for proper microscopic visulizations of myofibroblastic activity in an OSF patient, encompassing the pathogenesis and malignant potentiality of the disease.
Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor 2 in Inflammation-Related Diseases
Authors: Memon Nazakat Hussain , Khan Maaz , Memon Muhammad Raza , Lanjwani Abdul Hameed , Kandhro Farhatullah , Laghari Arshad Hussain , Arain Sadia Qamar
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present review is to provide basic knowledge about the role of tumour necrosis factor-α 1 and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 2 in neuro-inflammation diseases. We performed an open-ended, English restricted search of PubMed, Embase, PsychINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for available literature from 24Feb. 2018–12 May 2021, using terms related to neuroinflammation, tumour necrosis factor-α, tumour necrosis factor II (TNFR-II), TNF-α and related diseases, TNFR-II and inflammation-related diseases, their relationships, and polymorphism. The main outcomes assessed were the presence of plaques and tangles, behaviour and cognition, reduction in brain tissue mass, and synaptic function the majority of studies were documented a beneficial effect in other areas, including the presence of plaques and tangles and synaptic function. The human studies were showed that TNF-αI was beneficial to Alzheimer's disease patients, with one being a small pilot study and the latter being an observational study, with a high risk of bias. It is concluded that the functions and mechanisms of TNF-α and TNFR-II in inflammation-related diseases will provide new viewpoints and theories in the development and treatment of these diseases. They play important roles in the pathogenesis of diseases induced by or related to inflammatory cytokines and signaling pathways.
Foreign Exchange Market Intervention and Exchange Rate Stability: An Empirical Anayisis for Nigeria
Authors: Kayode E. Adedeji , Martins O. Apinran , Bisola I. Awoniyi
Published: December 2021

The essential roles played by exchange rate on general macroeconomic stability has attracted the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to intervene in the foreign exchange market, in order to smoothen exchange rate volatility, among other goals. The study to examine the impact of foreign exchange market intervention on stability of exchange rate in Nigeria with a monthly time series data from 2000M1 to 2020M12. The research employs the use of Autoregressive Distributive Lag approach (ARDL) of analysis. The result indicates that the currency interventions policy of the CBN in Nigeria is effective and exerts significant impact on the exchange rate stability of Naira in both in the short and long-run within the period under investigation. We, therefor, recommend that the monetary authority should continue to employ the usage of stock of foreign reserves in supporting the exchange rate by increasing funding of the operations in foreign exchange market.
Game Addiction, Experiential Avoidance, Sensation Seeking and Aggression in the Teenagers of Divorced and Non-Divorced Families: A Comparative Study
Authors: Farhadi Hadi , Sadr Mahshid , Masaeli Nassim , Quratulain Ansa
Published: December 2021

Divorce is a phenomenon that affects not only the mental health of couples but also the psychological health of children. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to compare experiential avoidance, sensation seeking, game addiction, and aggression in teenagers of divorced and non-divorced families. The method of this study was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all teenagers from divorced families and ordinary teenagers (teenagers in non-divorced families) in the first grade of high school in the academic year of 2017 - 2018 in Shiraz. The sample included 100 teenagers of divorced families and 100 ordinary teenagers in Shiraz who were selected by the purposing sampling method. The results of data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between experiential avoidance, sensation seeking, game addiction, and aggression in divorced and ordinary teenagers (P-value < 0.001). Teenagers with divorced parents have more experimental avoidance, sensation seeking, addiction to computer games, and aggression than ordinary teenagers. To improve these components, it is necessary to use treatments related to the components such as treatments of the third wave of psychology (i.e. treatment of mindfulness and positive psychotherapy).
Developing an Integrated Model to Early Childhood Education and Care in Vietnam: Perspectives of Early Childhood Educators
Authors: Thai Thanh Van , Nguyen Hien Ngoc , Nguyen An Nhu , Phan Thu Hung , Bui Hung Van , Nguyen Hanh Thu Thi
Published: December 2021

The partnership between school, family and community for the development and care of children has been interested in research by many scientists. This study aims to investigate Vietnamese early childhood educators’ perspectives on an integrated model to early childhood education and care in Vietnam. A self-assessment tool with 5 standards and 15 criteria was administered to 420 teachers working in 30 kindergartens across 6 provinces of Vietnam. The self-assessment tool considered 5 areas of the school, family and community partnerships, including: planning and building childcare education environments; connecting and sharing information between the school, family and the community in child care and education; coordinating in individual child education; making decisions about policies related to child care and education; and evaluating child development. Through average score analysis, the results show that early childhood educators in Vietnam stressed the significance of school, family and community involvement in early childhood education and care.
The Influence of the SWOT Analysis Strategy on the Achievement of the Fifth Preparatory Literary Class Students’ Evaluative Thinking at History
Authors: Qasim Qasim Irzooqi
Published: December 2021

The present study aims to identify the influence of the SWOT analysis strategy on the achievement of the fifth preparatory literary class students’ evaluative thinking at history. The researcher adopted the experimental design with partial control of the experimental and control groups and the post-test to achieve the objectives of the present study. The researcher randomly chose Section (B) to represent the experimental group that It is taught according to the SWOT analysis strategy, and Section (A) to represent the control group that is taught according to the traditional method. The number of the two research groups reached (62) students, of which (31) students were in the experimental group and (31) students were in the control group. The two groups were equalized in the variables, including the chronological age, the achievement of the fourth class at history, and the evaluative thinking. The two research tools; the achievement test and its validity and reliability were verified. The evaluative thinking test and its psychometric properties were verified. The researcher used the t-test) For two independent samples for data processing. The results show the superiority of the experimental group over the control group in terms of achievement and evaluative thinking.
Prevalence of Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome among Arab Students with and without Learning Disabilities
Authors: Al-Zoubi Suhail Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

Scotopic Sensitivity Syndrome (SSS) is neurologically caused by a dysfunction of magnocellular and parvocellular cells in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus. The SSS negatively affects the speed and movement of visual stimuli especially those related to academic skills. Because of the comorbidity of the SSS and learning disabilities (LDs), erroneous diagnoses may be made in differentiating between them, and this led the international scholars and researchers to focus on differential diagnosis. In the Arab context, it is essential to find an Arab indicator of the prevalence of the SSS among students with and without LDs. This research aims at determining the prevalence of the SSS among Arab students with and without LDs, as well as to identify the SSS prevalence in dyslexic students. A total of 1657 participants visited Irlen’s clinics in the Arab states. The participants' data are obtained from 6 of these clinics. The results indicated that the general prevalence rates of SSS are 31% among students without LDs, 45% among students with LDs, and 55% among dyslexic students. These rates are in favor of male students.
The Effects of School Starting Age: A Case of Primary School Students in Vietnam
Authors: Danh Nguyen Tan , Hoi Huynh Tan
Published: December 2021

Many parents have the mentality that they want their children to study well and outperform their peers, therfore, they have a lot of expectations and investments in their children from an early age. The children have a busy childhood with a tight schedule of extra classes, from giftedness to English, etc. Parents are free to show off to friends and relatives that they know a lot and are wise before their age. This matter has become not only an argumentation between parents but also an unsolvable problem for the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam. Therefore, it is a serious issue to determine how much preparation is enough for children to start elementary schools. Two main opinions have been given out: the first opinion points out that children need to study before starting elementary schools while the second opinion is contrary to the first one. The paper is done by searching, collecting and summarizing the information on magazines, newspapers and the internet which is related to the topic and analyzing the statistics collected from students currently studying at some schools in two weeks.
Utilization of Android-based Mobile Learning in Poetry Teaching Materials
Authors: Hutagalung Trisnawati , Adisaputera Abdurahman , Sari Diah Eka
Published: December 2021

Mobile learning is a learning media that allows educators to deliver learning material to students using Android-based media. One of the courses in Indonesian and Literature Department is Teaching Prose, including poetry which allows it to be presented using android-based mobile learning. The objective was to elaborate the effectiveness of mobile learning in poetry teaching materials in Indonesian and Literature Department. All Students of Indonesian and Literature Department were taken as the object of the study an 35 of them were taken af the sample. This research uses quantitative research methods in the form of experiments and descriptive research with the type of pre-test-final-single group test (the one group pre-test-post-test). Based on the results of preliminary study, it is shown that Android-based mobile learning is effective. Learning output before using mobile based learning on poetry, the results was 73,4. Learning output after using mobile based learning on poetry, the results was 86,30. For this reason, the use of Android-based mobile learning is effectively used in poetry teaching material in Indonesian and Literature Department.
Personal Factors Associated with Digital Competencies in University Students in the Context of Pandemic
Authors: Valdez Asto José Luis , Guevara Luciano Pérez , Uribe-Hernández Yrene Cecilia , Flores-Sotelo Willian Sebastián , Arévalo-tuesta José Antonio , Tomas-Francisco Rosales León
Published: December 2021

The present research aimed to establish the association between personal factors (age, sex, hours connected and school of origin) and the digital competencies of university students, which have been originated and developed with a greater degree of intensity during the pandemic, generating as a consequence the need for distance education. The study was basic, explanatory, and quantitative, with a non-experimental and cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 1242 students of the Faculty of Medicine from the tenth to the fourth cycle: 658 males (53.0%) and 584 females (47.0%). A probabilistic sampling by strata was performed and the questionnaire of Gutiérrez et al. (2017), an instrument for the evaluation of the digital competence of the university student with a reliability of 0.997, was used. It was concluded that personal factors are associated with digital competencies in students of a private university because the personal factors of sex, age, school of origin and hours connected to social networks presented p < 0.05. Regarding descriptive results, 52.3% of male students presented ineffective level. Of students aged 22 years or younger, 58.2% presented an ineffective level. It was observed that 57.7% of the students who come from private schools presented an ineffective level, and 57.1% of the students who connect for 3 hours or less presented an ineffective level.
Ho Chi Minh Ideologies on Educating Young Generation - and Training Solutions for Health in New Era with Digital Transformation
Authors: Lan Leng Thi , Huy Dinh Tran Ngoc , Hien Dinh Thi , Hoa Nguyen Thi , Trang Pham Thi Huyen
Published: December 2021

Educating the youth in developing and developed countries such as Vietnam is receiving lots of concerns from the public and government. President Ho Chi Minh, a talented leader of Vietnam and the world has emphasized so much on the youth education as they are the future generation and the owner of the nation. In the relationship between individuals and society, Ho Chi Minh requires young people to ask themselves what they have done for the country, not what the country has given them? Must educate young people to have love and responsibility for everyone. Young people must regularly practice self-criticism and serious criticism to help each other progress. Authors main use qualitative analysis, synthesis and inductive methods. We also use experiment test methods and experiences. Beside, physical exercise and sport training for students also are in a main concern, as Tuan, N.A (2017) also mentioned in Quang Binh University, many students prefer soccer and volley ball as their favorite sports to train. Through study, authors indicated traditional and modern values need to be mixed in educating young generation and need to keep good traditional values, morality with physical health training via physical exercises and sport games.
Promoting the Employment of Students as a Priority Activity of Higher Educational Institutions in Modern Conditions
Authors: Frolova Elena Viktorovna , Rogach Olga Vladimirovna , Ostrovskii Anton Nikolaevich , Vorontsova Irina Viktorovna , Savinkov Vladimir Ilyich
Published: December 2021

The financial and economic crisis, including the COVID-19 pandemic, determined the negative changes in the modern labor market. Under these conditions, the understanding of the role of higher educational institutions in solving the problems of employment of graduates is of both scientific and practical importance. The key method of collecting information was a questionnaire survey of students (N=974 respondents). The curators of the study groups distributed the link to the questionnaire posted on the Google platform. The purpose of the study is to analyze the specifics of the work of the Employment Assistance Center functioning in the structure of a higher educational institution. It was found that the majority of students (87.8%) consider it necessary to create Employment Assistance Centers in the structure of universities. The following services would be in demand among students: referral for internships, information about vacancies and internships of partner companies, career events, assistance in finding employment during their studies. It is concluded that modern youth is focused on an early start of a career, combining study and work. The following dysfunctions of the activity of the Employment Assistance Center were identified: an insufficient level of information support, a narrowed list of services provided to the students. The conclusion is made that the employment of graduates requires improvement of both pedagogical methods for the development of professional competencies of graduates, and the formation of organizational mechanisms that ensure the provision of services for internships of students, their part-time employment, carrying out activities for interaction with employers. The authors substantiate the concept of “seamless employment” of the students: the integration of the educational process and part-time employment within the study period, focusing the key areas of the university’s activities on the career needs of young people.
Stressful Life Events for State Employees
Authors: Jawad Huda Hadi , Salman Dr. Shorouq Kazem
Published: December 2021

There is no doubt that the stressful events and situations that the individual is exposed to affect his psychological structure in the context of his relationship with the social environment in which he lives, so that it has become the cornerstone of psychosomatic disorders, which leads him to feel distress, frustration, depression, anxiety and other negative emotions, in addition to It leads to inappropriate behavioral responses such as introversion and self-restriction, avoiding social interaction with others, and feeling alienated so that life becomes meaningless for him. stressful life events have negative effects on human mental health, especially on state employees, the researcher resorted to carrying out the current study, which aimed to: 1- The stressful life events of state employees. 2- The significance of the differences in stressful life events for state employees according to the gender variable (males - females). In order to achieve this, the researcher built a measure of stressful life events consisting of (36) items, distributed over three areas based on the theory of cognitive appreciation of the world (Lazarus), and a sample of (400) employees from the Ministry of Education was drawn, and after it extracted The validity and reliability coefficients of the stressful life events scale items, and then analyzing the sample answers, the research results showed the following: A - The research sample does not have a level of stressful life events. B - There is no effect of gender on the high level of stressful life events for the research sample.
Social Marketing Advertising Trends in Satellite Channels / Analytical Study
Authors: Shaban Dr. Afnan Mohammed
Published: December 2021

The research deals with the topic of social marketing in satellite channels by focusing on advertisements that call for social development, and the research aims to define the concept of social marketing, the social role of social ads in society, and to clarify the types of social marketing advertisements on satellite channels and the topics they raise, and the content analysis tool was used. The quantitative and qualitative sample of the sample consisting of (43) television advertisements from local and Arab channels, and the research reached a set of results, the most important of which showed that the advertising content of social marketing is determined between health and social topics more than other topics. The results indicate that the most types of advertisements used in marketing are Informative and educational ads, social marketing ads depend on the use of persuasion, the most prominent of which is logical appeals.
Model of Humanism Education based on Local Wisdom in Elementary School in Bali
Authors: Karmini Ni Wayan , Yudari A.A. Kade Sri , Suasthi I Gusti Ayu , Hadriani Ni Luh Gede , Setini Made
Published: December 2021

This article aims to discuss the model of humanism education based on local wisdom in elementary schools (SD) in Bali. This research is qualitative research whose data collection was obtained through literature study, observation, and interviews with education observers, parents, and education administrators, in Denpasar, Badung, and Gianyar. The results of the data obtained were analyzed descriptively by applying the learning theory of humanism. The results of the study show that first, some of the humanism education materials based on local wisdom in elementary schools were studied based on the principles of Balinese Hindu cultural values, namely Catur Asrama (four stages of life), Tatwam Asi (life filosofy), Tri Kaya Parisudha (three concept of human behavior), and Tri Hita Karana (three concept of human relation). The cultural values of local wisdom are synergized with materials sports to hone intelligence kinesthetic students, materials science and mathematics to hone intellectual (academic) intelligence, as well as language material (Indonesian, English), social sciences, arts-culture, and religion to hone social intelligence, intelligence mental, and spiritual intelligence of students. Second, the principles of local wisdom were applied so that students have a holistic intelligence that intelligence has a physical dimension, intellect (logical reasoning), social, mental, and spiritual.
The Effect of Quranic Teaching Methods on Developing Teaching Skills among Students of Arabic Language Departments in the Faculties of Islamic Sciences
Authors: Hana Haider Mohamed , Al-Hasnawi Mersal Abdulhameed Oudah
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study is to identify the effect of Quranic teaching methods on the teaching skills of students of Arabic language departments in Islamic sciences faculties. The two researchers used the partial control experimental design for the control and experimental groups. In light of this design, the department of Arabic language at the University of Babylon was intentionally chosen as the research sample from the research community, which is represented by the faculties of Islamic sciences. The number of the research sample members reached (72) male and female students distributed between two populations (A, B), with (36) male and female students for each of the experimental group and the same for the control group. The two researchers prepared two tools for this research. They were represented by the achievement test in teaching skills consisting of (30) objective paragraphs of the type of multiple choice with three alternatives, and a note card. The experiment was applied in the first semester of the academic year (2019-2020). After applying the research tool and analyzing the results obtained by the two researchers Using the (SPSS) program, the results showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who study according to the Quranic teaching methods over the students of the control group who study according to the usual method.
Motives of the Escape from the Reality in Andalusian Poetry in the Era of (Sects and Almoravids) as a Model
Authors: Abdullah Hakim Jasim , Muareje Muna Qassim
Published: December 2021

We often think that escaping is the way to alleviate political and social pressures and problems. The immigrant is forced to leave his homeland, desiring to be rid of tyranny, because a society based on political disintegration was naturally for its children to grow up in awe of anxiety and psychological turmoil. This difficult situation is in the psyche of the Andalusian society, where the difficult political conditions that afflicted the country and spread terror and destruction in the souls had its effect in forcing people to leave their countries and seek refuge in other countries where protection and safety are available, so many Andalusians suffered from a life of misery and homelessness, which was reflected these conditions affect social life in the era of the sects and the Almoravids, leaving negative effects such as poverty, deprivation, destitution and a feeling of psychological alienation. Which we will see in this study.
Validity and Reliability of a Digital-based Affective Evaluation Instrument on Indonesian MPK Learning at Ganesha University of Education
Authors: Wirahyuni Kadek , Suandi I Nengah , Martha I Nengah , Sudiana I Nyoman
Published: December 2021

This study aimed at developing a digital-based affective evaluation instrument on Indonesian MPK Learning at Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha. This study was Research and Development (R&D) adapted from ADDIE Model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The subjects of the study were 2 content experts, evaluation experts, language experts, 120 college students, and 3 lecturers of MPK Bahasa Indonesia. The data were collected from survey, interview, and affective scale. The data were analyzed quantitatively and described qualitatively. The results of the study show that the validity of a digital-based affective evaluation instrument on Indonesian MPK learning at Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha is very valid and it has very high degree of reliability.
Desulfitisporaceae fam. nov.
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: December 2021

N.L. fem. pl. n.
Desulfitisporaceae
, the family of the genus
Desulfitispora
.

“Firmicutes B” / Desulfitisporia / Desulfitisporales / Desulfitisporaceae fam. nov.

The family
Desulfitisporaceae
includes endospore‐forming, Gram‐positive, obligately anaerobic, and haloalkaliphilic bacteria with fermentative and respiratory metabolism inhabiting anaerobic sediments in soda lakes. They utilize a limited number of electron donors, including pyruvate, lactate, crotonate and H
2
, and sulfur and nitrogen compounds as electron acceptors. Pyruvate and crotonate can also be dismutated. The family consists of a single genus
Desulfitispora
, which includes the type species
Desulfitispora alkaliphila
and the second species
Desulfitispora elongata
.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 38.8 (genome type species) to 40.3 (
T
m
,
D. elongata
).

Type genus
:
Desulfitispora
Sorokin and Muyzer 2010, VL134.