bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two discursive frameworks concerning ideology in Australian industrial relations
Authors: Fry Simon , Mees Bernard
Published: November 2017

There are two discursive frameworks concerning ideology in Australian industrial relations. In many disciplines concerned with aspects of industrial relations, including political science, law and history, it is the traditional political ideologies of the industrial era which take centre stage: liberalism (classical, social and neoliberalism), socialism (Marxism, social democracy and labourism) and conservatism. By contrast, ideological issues in the discipline of employment relations are chiefly addressed in terms of Fox’s three analytical perspectives: unitarism, pluralism and radicalism. The disjunction between these parallel discourses goes largely unnoted in the literature of the relevant disciplines, which all tend to proceed using their own preferred approach without making reference to the other. This article critically explores the relationship between these two discourses and investigates the broader implications that the existence of the two different discursive traditions has for the analysis of industrial relations phenomena in Australia.
Improving End-of-Life Care Knowledge Among Senior Baccalaureate Nursing Students
Authors: Glover Toni L. , Garvan Cynthia , Nealis Rose M. , Citty Sandra W. , Derrico David J.
Published: November 2017

Objective:

It is imperative that nurses are proficient and comfortable providing care to patients at the end of life. Recent studies show that nurses’ knowledge of end-of-life care is less than optimal. Effective, evidence-based methods to infuse palliative and end-of-life care education into the undergraduate nursing curriculum are needed.

Methods:

A descriptive pre- and postassessment evaluating senior nursing students’ acquisition of knowledge on end-of-life care after attending the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC) core course was conducted. The course evaluation included qualitative statements.

Results:

Before the ELNEC course, one-third of the students had cared for a dying patient during clinical rotations, yet 85% reported they had not received adequate training in end-of-life care. Posttest questions related to palliative care, symptom management, communication, and grief indicated that students acquired significant knowledge after participating in the ELNEC course ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

The ELNEC core course is an effective way to improve nursing students’ knowledge of palliative and end-of-life care.
Viscoelastic Monitoring to Guide Hemostatic Resuscitation in Liver Transplantation Surgery
Authors: Blaine Kevin P. , Sakai Tetsuro
Published: November 2017

Coagulopathic bleeding must be anticipated during liver transplantation (LT) surgery. Patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) often present with disease-related hematologic disturbances, including the loss of hepatic procoagulant and anticoagulant clotting factors and thrombocytopenia. Transplantation surgery itself presents additional hemostatic changes, including hyperfibrinolysis. Viscoelastic monitoring (VEM) is often used to provide targeted, personalized hemostatic therapies for complex bleeding states including cardiac surgery and major trauma. The use in these coagulopathic conditions led to its application to LT, although the mechanisms of coagulopathy in these patients are quite different. While VEM is often used during transplant surgeries in Europe and North America, evidence supporting its use is limited to a few small clinical studies. The theoretical and clinical applications of the standard and specialized VEM assays are discussed in the setting of LT and ESLD.
Coagulation Management During Liver Transplantation: Use of Fibrinogen Concentrate, Recombinant Activated Factor VII, Prothrombin Complex Concentrate, and Antifibrinolytics
Authors: Chow Jonathan H. , Lee Khang , Abuelkasem Ezeldeen , Udekwu Obi R. , Tanaka Kenichi A.
Published: November 2017

Coagulation management, and transfusion practice in liver transplantation (LT) have been evolving in the recent years due to better understanding of coagulation abnormalities in end-stage liver disease, and clinical management of LT patients. Avoidance of allogeneic blood components is feasible in some patients, but multi-modal coagulation therapies may be necessary in others who develop complex coagulopathy due to hemorrhage, hemodilution, hypothermia, and acid-base disturbances. Transfusions of plasma and cryoprecipitate remain to be the mainstay therapy for procoagulant factor replacement during LT. Clinical efficacy and safety of these products are limited by logistic issues (eg, thawing), and mostly noninfectious complications. Considering potential alternatives to conventional transfusion is thus important to improve hemostatic resuscitation in complex LT cases. The present review is mainly focused on procoagulant properties of plasma and platelet transfusion, and currently available plasma-derived and recombinant factor concentrates, and antifibrinolytic agents in LT patients. The role of viscoelastic coagulation tests to guide specific component therapies will be also discussed.
Uncertainty Analysis of Drug Concentration in Pharmaceutical Mixtures
Authors: Savva Michalakis
Published: November 2017

Using a Taylor expansion to first order, a novel method was developed to calculate the uncertainty of drug concentration in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method allows, in principle, calculation of the maximum potential error in drug concentration in a mixture composed of an infinite number of ingredients that are measured on multiple balances of variable sensitivity requirements.
Pharmacotherapy of Systemic Sclerosis: Focus on Bosentan
Authors: Afshar Kamyar , Boyd-King Ayana
Published: November 2017

Systemic sclerosis is manifested by the massive deposition of collagen within various organ systems. Endothelin-1 has taken a pivotal role as not only a potent vasoconstrictor, but also as a profibrotic intermediary. Bosentan is proving to be a viable therapeutic option in alleviating manifestations of systemic sclerosis other than pulmonary hypertension. There are many reports in the literature profiling bosentan's safety, efficacy and tolerability in patients. In addition, it has greatly improved patients’ quality of life, reduced the number of hospitalizations and increased the time to clinical worsening of the disease. The clinical indications for use of bosentan in a wide array of patients has served as a valuable asset in the medical management of systemic sclerosis.
Failing worse? Science, security and the birth of a border technology
Authors: Lisle Debbie
Published: November 2017

Despite increased attention, investment and research, the security technologies deployed at sovereign borders often fail to ‘properly’ distinguish between safe and dangerous travellers and goods. This article transposes on-site border malfunctions into the antecedent register of research and development in order to explore how failure operates in the design, construction and testing of a border security technology. Drawing from extensive ethnographic research of a European-wide project to develop the Handhold portable chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive (CBRNE) detector, this article traces how failure is mobilized as an instructive experience in the professional cultures of science, engineering and governance, and retrospectively narrated as a necessary step on the road to eventual success. In exploring the limitations of this understanding, the article demonstrates how competing experiences of failure constantly trouble the daily routines of scientists and engineers, shape informal de-risking strategies, and fuel the relentless pursuit of innovation. To contest the dominant account of failure as an instructive experience, the article argues that more creative and critical research into the heterogeneous life-worlds of failure is needed in order to politicize the consequences of border failures and connect them to the antecedent register of scientific research and development.
‘You can hear wholly only if you remove the waxes in your ears’: The Hararghe Oromo’s theory for establishing the intersubjective foundation of cognition
Authors: Hussein Jeylan W
Published: November 2017

The article sets out to examine the way the Hararghe Oromo in Ethiopia use their mirriiysa culture to express and cultivate criticality, mindfulness, interpersonal sensitivity and emotional intelligence. The paper discusses the nature of the performance culture and analyses the social psychological meanings of a set of mirriiysa texts collected from a group of folk performers who participated also in the interpretation and analysis of the cultural, social and psychological meanings of the texts. For theory, the study drew on interpretivism. During data analysis, the horizontal and vertical planes of analysis interacted and reinforced each other. The act of removing earwax symbolizes a cultural dimension of intersubjectivity and interaffectivity. The analyses indicated that mirriiysa is a socio-cultural performance wherein listening, understanding and responding occur in socially meaningful and interactive contexts. To understand the communicative intent of a mirriiysa text, one should take broader perspectives and pay due attention to the non-linguistic elements that offer the performance holistic import. The paper highlights the implication of these and other findings for our understanding of the meanings of mirriiysa and other genre performances.
What it is like to be “ex”? Psycho-discursive analysis of a dangling identity
Authors: Faccio Elena , Mininni Giuseppe , Rocelli Michele
Published: November 2017

The goal of this article is to observe how communicative processes intervene in constructing and maintaining given self-narratives. Proceeding from the idea that the Self is, first of all, narration, we shall scrutinise the topic of identity permanence and change in our linguistic system by exploring the configurations of reality produced by the use of a specific morpheme: the “ ex”. After considering some differences about the intricate relationship between language, mind and reality, we tried to enter the etym and the meanings linked to the use of this linguistic particle. Making use of Wittgenstein’s proposed method called “perspicuous representation” we examined the implicit meanings it assumes in different usage contexts such as daily language and self-narratives provided by prisoners asked about their image of the “ex-prisoner”. The analysis revealed a substantial ambiguity between the identity change and its negation since the use of the prefix “ex” seemed to confirm and at the same time deny the meaning of the noun accompanying it. The use of the prefix can also prevent the re-positioning of the persons with respect to their past. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the need for a change in linguistic direction. Our conceptualisations of identity cannot be divorced from the linguistic devices used to express them. Major implications for daily language and for the study of clinical and deviant phenomena have been considered.
A systematic review investigating the behaviour change strategies in interventions to prevent misuse of anabolic steroids
Authors: Bates Geoff , Begley Emma , Tod David , Jones Lisa , Leavey Conan , McVeigh Jim
Published: November 2017

We examined intervention effectiveness of strategies to prevent image- and performance-enhancing drug use. Comprehensive searches identified 14 interventions that met review inclusion criteria. Interventions were predominantly educational and delivered within school sport settings, but targeted a wide range of mediating factors. Identification of effective components was limited across studies by brief or imprecise descriptions of intervention content, lack of behavioural outcome measures and short-term follow-up times. However, studies with components in addition to information provision may be more promising. Interventions outside of sport settings are required to reflect the transition of this form of substance use to the general population.
Systemic misogyny exposed: Translating Rapeglish from the Manosphere with a Random Rape Threat Generator
Authors: Jane Emma A
Published: November 2017

Misogyny online in forms such as explicit rape threats has become so prevalent and rhetorically distinctive it resembles a new dialect or language. Much of this ‘Rapeglish’ is produced by members of an informal alliance of men’s groups online dubbed the ‘Manosphere’. As both a cyberhate researcher and cyberhate target, I have studied as well as contributed to feminist responses to Rapeglish. In 2016, for instance, I helped build a Random Rape Threat Generator (RRTG) – a computer program that splices, shuffles around, and re-stitches in novel combinations fragments of real-life Rapeglish to illustrate the formulaic, machine-like, and impersonal nature of misogynist discourse online. This article uses Yuri Lotman’s ideas about intra- and inter-cultural conflict involving something akin to the translation of a foreign language to frame the RRTG as one example of the way women are ‘talking back’ both to and with Rapeglish (the latter involving appropriations and subversions of the original discourse).
A quasi-transcendental approach for removing hierarchical teacher-student relation
Authors: Yusofi Mahdy , Zarghami-Hamrah Saeid , Ghaedy Yahya , Mahmudnia Alireza
Published: November 2017

In the present study, we adopt a quasi-transcendental approach in order to deconstruct the teacher–student relationship. According to the results of this study, teacher is the dominant pole and student is the passive one. This relation should be redefined in order to transfer students to the dominant pole. In this improvement process the authoritative role of teachers as information transferors and developers is changed to helpers and facilitators. The results of quasi-transcendental analysis of the teacher–student relationship indicated that the conceptual emergence of being a teacher and being a student are dependent and make sense together. Therefore, a teacher is essential for defining student status and vice versa. In this way, they are defined together and in the absence of one of them, the other one would be meaningless. As a result, students would assume a more active role in the educational process and they would deal with the discovery and construction of knowledge in an action-based process. Furthermore, the student would realize concepts such as the centrality of learner, cooperative learning, etc., more efficiently.
Intensive Exposure and Response Prevention for Adolescent Body Dysmorphic Disorder With Comorbid Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Le Thien-An P. , Merricks Katie , Nadeau Joshua M. , Ramos Amaya , Storch Eric A.
Published: November 2017

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) primarily onsets during adolescence, and symptoms typically worsen when left untreated. Although use of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has established efficacy for adults with BDD, there is limited research and few case studies to suggest the same for adolescents and children. The present case describes the implementation of intensive (daily) treatment for Erin (pseudonym), a 17-year-old Caucasian female with primary BDD, as well as comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), who was initially nonresponsive to outpatient supportive psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Treatment consisted of exposure and response prevention (ERP), concurrent with behavioral activation (BA). At discharge, Erin’s total score on the Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale–Self-Report version (CY-BOCS-SR) decreased from 32 ( extreme severity) at pretreatment to 11 ( mild severity), as well as demonstrating improvement on other self-report measures.

Despite significant reductions in ritual engagement, Erin’s symptoms never fully remitted. Based on telephone contact with her mother, Erin discontinued ERP upon returning home, where treatment gains were not maintained and symptoms returned to baseline severity. Thus, this case study demonstrates the effectiveness of intensive ERP for adolescent BDD, as well as demonstrating the lack of gain durability associated with withdrawing early from treatment. Furthermore, this case demonstrates that withdrawal from ERP prior to complete remission may lead to a resurgence of symptoms, thus making previous progress obsolete.
The tackle in South African youth rugby union – Gap between coaches' knowledge and training behaviour
Authors: Hendricks Sharief , Sarembock Martin , Jones Ben , Till Kevin , Lambert Mike
Published: November 2017

In youth rugby union matches, tackle-related injuries account for 60% of all injuries, 62% of concussion injuries and almost 50% of spinal cord injuries (youth and amateur). Because of this high risk of injury, the inclusion of the tackle in youth rugby has been a topic of discussion in the public and a high priority research area for World Rugby. What a coach knows and his/her attitude toward player safety directly impacts the risk and performance profile of a player. The purpose of this study is to describe the tackle knowledge, attitudes and training behaviours of youth rugby coaches. The entire population of Western Province Rugby Union Premier A1 division (highest level of school rugby) under-19 rugby coaches (n = 8) completed a knowledge and attitude questionnaire and 96 field-training sessions were observed over four weeks. Coaches rated tackling (mean 3.9, 95% confidence interval 3.3–4.4), rucking (mean 3.8, 95% confidence interval 3.0–4.5) and ball-carrying (mean 3.6, 95% confidence interval 2.6–4.6) as high-risk of injury facets of play ( H = 30.8, p < 0.001). Coaching proper technique was rated as very important for safety (mean 4.6, 95% confidence interval 4.2–5.0) and performance (mean 4.8, 95% confidence interval 4.4–5.0, U = 28, p > 0.05). Of the 96 observed training sessions, tackle training was recorded 16% of the time (vs. 84% no tackle training, p < 0.001). Coaches were aware of the risk of injury in the tackle and rated the coaching of proper technique of utmost importance. These positive knowledge and attitudes did not transfer into their tackle training. The discrepancy between coaches' tackle knowledge and attitudes, and their training of the tackle might be related to how competent they believe themselves to be in delivering tackle training.
Measuring the effectiveness of psychologically oriented basketball drills in team practice to improve self-regulation
Authors: Altfeld Sebastian , Langenkamp Heiner , Beckmann Jürgen , Kellmann Michael
Published: November 2017

It has repeatedly been shown that effective regulation of one's emotional states is crucial for high performance in sports. However, self-regulation skills need to be learned and practiced by players for effective use. The present study examined the effectiveness of newly designed basketball drills for regular team practice for implementing and improving self-regulation skills in young basketball players. A quasi-experimental design with four measurements and two follow-ups was applied. The sample included two teams ( N = 20) of the highest national under 16 youth basketball league of Germany. The intervention group was instructed in self-regulation skills (e.g. self-talk, self-relaxation, routines) at the beginning of the intervention. Subsequently, the techniques were practiced in the course of eight psychologically oriented basketball drills between the second and fourth measurement. The sport-specific Volitional Components Questionnaire and the Action Control Scale Sport were used in this study. Results indicated that the intervention group improved significantly in the factors measuring self-motivation and dealing with negative thoughts while the control group showed no significant effects. The effects were maintained in the follow-ups. The results imply that learned and practiced strategies to regulate one's emotional state have long-term benefits for players.
Effects of additional knowledge of results on modifying highly practiced acyclic swimming techniques with knowledge of performance
Authors: Krause Daniel
Published: November 2017

The author investigated the effects of additional knowledge of results on modifying swimming starts and turns with video-based knowledge of performance. A total of 18 swimming experts (15–18 years of age) learned modifications of start and turn techniques with knowledge of performance or a combination of knowledge of performance and knowledge of results. The feedback condition was switched between the groups from experiment 1 to experiment 2. Both experiments contained 50 trials with augmented feedback distributed over five sessions. Both experiments revealed no detrimental effects of additional knowledge of results on process-related performance variables. With respect to the result-related variables (start time and turn time), only the groups without knowledge of results exhibited temporary impairment in the immediate retention tests. The results are largely replicated in both experiments. Knowledge of results seems to have positive effects on modifying with knowledge of performance. The presence of knowledge of results might reduce the deautomatizing conscious control processes that are induced by knowledge of performance and might cause temporary performance impairments.
Analysis of influencing factors behind offensive rebounding performance in elite basketball
Authors: Csátaljay Gábor , James Nic , Hughes Mike , Dancs Henriette
Published: November 2017

The aim of the research was to analyse the influencing factors of rebounding efficiency through observing position, activity and number of players struggling for rebounds. Rebounding situations were notated from all the games played by the best eight teams in Euroleague 2011/12. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to demonstrate the differences between variables and logistic regression was employed to find the most influential factor which particularly determined whether a rebound was grabbed by an offensive or a defensive player. The efficiency of offensive performance from actions started with offensive rebounds was higher than from offenses after possession change. The higher efficiency appeared mainly in the higher shooting efficiency and the higher number of forced free throws. The number of offensive players participated in rebounding was identified as the most important factor that influenced the efficiency of offensive rebounding. However the most ideal offensive rebounding was found for the active participation of three players. The lack of boxing out in defence was often notated for the observed teams which contributed the effective offensive rebounding of guards and forwards. The results of the current research support the better understanding of effective offensive rebounding and allow working out a theoretically established offensive rebounding team strategy.
Successful and unsuccessful transitions to the elite level: The youth national team pathways in Norwegian handball
Authors: Bjørndal Christian T , Andersen Svein S , Ronglan Lars T
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to explore successful and unsuccessful transitions in Norwegian handball from the youth player level to the adult elite level. The nine youth players in our strategic sample were interviewed in-depth about their experiences. Five of the nine athletes had established themselves successfully at the adult elite level; four had either quit or continued to play at a lower level during the previous season. The data were first inductively analysed before the theoretical analysis was conducted. This enabled us to develop a comprehensive understanding of each athlete’s developmental path and transitions and enabled a comparison between the different outcomes. The lifespan model was used a basis for understanding the individual pathways of development and the transitions made. The ecology of games framework was used to contextualise the individual processes within the particular organisational context of Norwegian handball. The results show how the application of the talent development model used in Norwegian handball is frequently experienced as one which is exhausting for athletes. For a significant number, it may lead to injuries or burnout. Further, our findings demonstrate that there is a thin line separating two different outcomes: (a) a dropout due to a loss of motivation and meaning and (b) a successful transition to the elite level. We discuss how the organisational context of Norwegian handball leads to unintended consequences, both positive and negative, for athletes. Incidents and decisions beyond an athlete’s immediate environment can facilitate or inhibit successful transitions to the elite level.
Metastasectomy of Solitary Adrenal Metastasis From Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Pham Dat Cao , Awad Ziad , Hoppe Bradford S. , Hew Jason , Ning Ke
Published: November 2017

Most extensive-stage small cell lung cancers have disseminated disease at diagnosis, and solitary adrenal metastasis from small cell lung cancer is rare. We report the case of a 51-year-old man with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer with solitary right adrenal metastasis (T2N0M1), who was cured with resection of primary tumor, chemotherapy (cisplatin, etoposide), adrenalectomy, consolidative thoracic radiotherapy, and prophylactic cranial irradiation. He remained cancer free, 7.5 years since diagnosis. For small cell lung cancer with solitary adrenal gland metastasis, metastasectomy combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be curative and enable long-term survival. This treatment approach should be further studied, and similar cases should be reported.
Isokinetic Extension Strength Is Associated With Single-Leg Vertical Jump Height
Authors: Fischer Felix , Blank Cornelia , Dünnwald Tobias , Gföller Peter , Herbst Elmar , Hoser Christian , Fink Christian
Published: November 2017

Background:

Isokinetic strength testing is an important tool in the evaluation of the physical capacities of athletes as well as for decision making regarding return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in both athletes and the lay population. However, isokinetic testing is time consuming and requires special testing equipment.

Hypothesis:

A single-jump test, regardless of leg dominance, may provide information regarding knee extension strength through the use of correlation analysis of jump height and peak torque of isokinetic muscle strength.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 169 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were included in this study. Isokinetic testing was performed on the injured and noninjured legs. Additionally, a single-leg countermovement jump was performed to assess jump height using a jump accelerometer sensor. Extension strength values were used to assess the association between isokinetic muscle strength and jump height.

Results:

The sample consisted of 60 female (mean age, 20.8 ± 8.3 years; mean weight, 61.7 ± 6.5 kg; mean height, 167.7 ± 5.3 cm) and 109 male (mean age, 23.2 ± 7.7 years; mean weight, 74.6 ± 10.2 kg; mean height, 179.9 ± 6.9 cm) patients. Bivariate correlation analysis showed an association ( r = 0.56, P < .001) between jump height and isokinetic extension strength on the noninvolved side as well as an association ( r = 0.52, P < .001) for the involved side. Regression analysis showed that in addition to jump height (beta = 0.49, P < .001), sex (beta = –0.17, P = .008) and body mass index (beta = 0.37, P < .001) affected isokinetic strength. The final model explained 51.1% of the variance in isokinetic muscle strength, with jump height having the strongest impact (beta = 0.49, P < .001) and explaining 31.5% of the variance.

Conclusion:

Initial analysis showed a strong association between isokinetic strength and jump height. The study population encompassed various backgrounds, skill levels, and activity profiles, which might have affected the outcome. Even after controlling for age and sex, isokinetic strength was still moderately associated with jump height. Therefore, the jump technique and type of sport should be considered in future research.
Glucocorticoid resistance is reverted by LCK inhibition in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Serafin Valentina , Capuzzo Giorgia , Milani Gloria , Minuzzo Sonia Anna , Pinazza Marica , Bortolozzi Roberta , Bresolin Silvia , Porcù Elena , Frasson Chiara , Indraccolo Stefano , Basso Giuseppe , Accordi Benedetta
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Resistance to glucocorticoid treatment in pediatric T-ALL can be reversed by LCK inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. IL-4 overexpression contributes to LCK-induced glucocorticoid resistance.
Review of “DreamMakers: Innovating for the Greater Good” by Michele Hunt, DreamMakers (dreammakers.org)
Authors: Lee Sang
Published: November 2017

Book details

Hunt, Michele

DreamMakers: Innovating for the Greater Good.

Saltaire, UK: Greenleaf Publishing; 2017.

200 pages, ISBN13-978-1-78353-568-2
Representation of Minorities and Women in Oncology Clinical Trials: Review of the Past 14 Years
Authors: Duma Narjust , Vera Aguilera Jesus , Paludo Jonas , Haddox Candace L. , Gonzalez Velez Miguel , Wang Yucai , Leventakos Konstantinos , Hubbard Joleen M. , Mansfield Aaron S. , Go Ronald S. , Adjei Alex A.
Published: November 2017

Purpose:

Many cancer clinical trials lack appropriate representation of specific patient populations, limiting their generalizability. Therefore, we determined the representation of ethnic minorities and women in cancer clinical trials.

Methods:

Enrollment data from all therapeutic trials reported as completed in ClinicalTrials.gov from 2003 to 2016 were analyzed. We calculated enrollment fractions (EFs) for each group, defined as the number of enrollees divided by the 2013 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database cancer prevalence.

Results:

Of 1,012 clinical trials, 310 (31%) reported ethnicity with a total of 55,689 enrollees. Participation varied significantly across ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic whites were more likely to be enrolled in clinical trials (EF, 1.2%) than African Americans (EF, 0.7%; P < .001) and Hispanics (EF, 0.4%; P < .001). A decrease in African American (6% v 9.2%) and Hispanic (2.6% v 3.1%) enrollment was observed when compared with historical data from 1996 to 2002. Younger patients (age younger than 65 years) were more likely to be enrolled in clinical trials than the elderly (64% v 36%; P < .001). Low recruitment of female patients was observed in clinical trials for melanoma (35%), lung cancer (39%), and pancreatic cancer (40%).

Conclusion:

We observed a decrease in recruitment of minorities over the past 14 years compared with historical data. African Americans, Hispanics, and women were less likely to be enrolled in cancer clinical trials. Future trials should take extra measures to recruit participants that adequately represent the US cancer population.
Neuroprotective Effects of Fasudil, a Rho-Kinase Inhibitor, After Spinal Cord Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats
Authors: Ohbuchi Masahiko , Kimura Tetsu , Nishikawa Toshiaki , Horiguchi Takashi , Fukuda Masayuki , Masaki Yoko
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:

Excessive Rho/Rho-kinase pathway activation occurs subsequent to stroke. We examined the neuroprotective effects of pre- and posttreatment with fasudil (a Rho-kinase inhibitor) in a rat transient spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion model under normothermic conditions.

METHODS:

After approval by our animal research committee, male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to 1 of 6 groups: pre- and postcontrol (C); pre- and postfasudil (F); and pre- and postsham (S). Fasudil (10 mg/kg) or normal saline was administered intravenously over 30 minutes before ischemia in the pre-F or pre-C groups, and over 30 minutes after reperfusion in the post-F or post-C groups. Sham groups were not subjected to ischemia. Ischemia was induced by aortic occlusion using a balloon catheter combined with hypotension for 10 minutes. Neurologic deficit scores (NDS; 0–8 points) were assessed 1, 7, and 14 days after ischemia, and then histopathologic outcomes were assessed.

RESULTS:

NDS 7 and 14 days after ischemia in the pre-F group (median [range]; 3.5 [2–6] and 2.5 [0–6]) were lower than those in the pre-C group (5.5 [4–7] and 4.5 [4–6]; P = .046 and P = .049), whereas NDS in the post-F group and in the post-C group were not different. The numbers of intact neurons in the gray matter in the pre- and post-F groups (mean ± standard deviation [95% confidence interval]: 25 ± 7 [20–30] and 16 ± 5 [12–19]) were greater than those in the pre- and post-C groups (11 ± 5 [7–14] and 9 ± 3 [7–11]; P < .001 and P = .002). The number of intact neurons in the post-F group (16 ± 5 [12–19]) was lower than the number in the post-S group (26 ± 2 [24–29]; P < .001). The percentages of vacuolation in the white matter in the pre- and post-F groups (21.5 ± 8.4 [15.5–27.5] and 13.6 ± 7.4 [8.3–18.9]) were lower than those in the pre- and post-C groups (43.7 ± 10.4 [36.3–51.1] and 40.6 ± 12.3 [31.8–49.4]; P < .001 and P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results demonstrated that intravenous fasudil administered before ischemia improved both neurologic and histopathologic outcomes even 14 days after ischemia, while fasudil administered postinsult improved histopathologic outcomes only in normothermic rats. Fasudil may be a relevant pretreatment paradigm for planned procedures at risk for spinal cord ischemia.
Amygdala in the regulation of reproductive functions during absence epilepsy
Authors: Садртдинова Индира , Sadrtdinova Indira , Хисматуллина Зухра , Hismatullina Zuhra
Published: November 2017

The monograph deals with the problems of general morphology of the amygdaloid body and for the first time the assessment of structural and functional changes in the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of the brain of WAG/Rij female rats (the recognized model of man’s absence epilepsy) in response to the modulating influence of sex hormones is made by means of a modern complex of research methods (electrophysiological, morphometric, histologic, immunohistochemical, submicroscopical and statistical ones). The changes in the electroencephalographic parameters of the anterior cortical nucleus, the reactive changes in neurons, glial anterior cortical nuclei of the amygdaloid body of the brain of WAG/Rij female rats at sex hormones deficiency and after the substitution therapy with 17β-estradiol in combination with progesterone are described in detail. The results of immunohistochemical analysis of astrocytic glia, of the analysis of synapsoarchitectonics and ultrastructural changes in neurons, glial cells, neuropil of the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of WAG / Rij rats at experimentally caused sex hormone deficiency and on the background of exogenous injection of 17β-estradiol in combination with progesterone into ovariectomized female rats are presented for the first time. The obtained new data on the morphofunctional features of the anterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid body of the brain significantly expand the notion of reactive changes in the anterior cortical nucleus at different levels of sex hormones and can be used by researchers of various profiles in studying this structure of the brain.
The monograph is intended for neurobiologists of various specialities (neuromorphologists, neurophysiologists, neuroendocrinologists, neurochemists, etc.) engaged in the research of the amygdaloid body and the limbic system of the brain.
Solubility of phenylboronic compounds in water
Authors: Sporzynski Andrzej , Leszczynski Pawel
Published: November 2017

Solubility of six phenylboronic compounds in water was investigated using different methods. The results are consistent with each other, although for particular compounds selected methods should be preferred. The solubility of the investigated compounds is low, with the value of ca. 2 g/100 cm3 H2O at 20°C for unsubstituted phenylboronic acid. The unsubstituted benzoxaborole is less soluble than phenylboronic acid. Introduction of OiBu, COOH and CF3 groups into the phenyl ring decreases solubility in comparison with unsubstituted phenylboronic acid, especially for the alkoxy substituent.
To bridge the gap? Voluntary action in primary schools
Authors: Body Alison , Holman Kerry , Hogg Eddy
Published: November 2017

Voluntary action has long played a role in state education, with parent–teacher associations being one of the most common forms of charitable organisation in England. However, education policy, driven by a growing free-market discourse and policy initiatives such as localism, is increasingly pushing for greater voluntary action. This article explores the distribution of voluntary action in primary schools in one local authority area in England. Drawing on primary data from 114 questionnaires completed by head teachers and secondary data from the financial records (2013/14) of 380 primary schools, we find evidence of considerable uneven dispersal of voluntary action between schools. These disparities are related to factors including school size, location, leadership ideology and the socioeconomic profile of the school. The consequence of this uneven distribution is that schools catering for more affluent communities are more likely to have additional resources than those with poorer profiles.
Capillary Network Morphometry of Pig Soleus Muscle Significantly Changes in 24 Hours After Death
Authors: Eržen Ida , Janáček Jiří , Kreft Marko , Kubínová Lucie , Cvetko Erika
Published: November 2017

Capillary network characteristics are invaluable for diagnostics of muscle diseases. Biopsy material is limited in size and mostly not accessible for intensive research. Therefore, especially in human tissue, studies are performed on autopsy material. To approach the problem whether it is reliable to deduce hypotheses from autopsy material to explain physiological and pathological processes, we studied capillarity in pig soleus muscle 1 and 24 hr after death. Capillaries and muscle fibers were immunofluorescently marked, and images were acquired with a confocal microscope. Characteristics of the capillary network were estimated by image analysis methods using several plugins of the Ellipse program. Twenty-four hours after death, the measured characteristics of the capillary network differ by up to 50% when compared with samples excised 1 hr after death. Muscle fiber diameter, the measured capillary length, and tortuosity were reduced, and capillary network became more anisotropic. The main postmortem change that affects capillaries is evidently geometric deformation of muscle tissue. In conclusion, when comparing results from biopsy samples with those from autopsy samples, the effect of postmortem changes on the measured parameters must be carefully considered.
RELATION BETWEEN LEFT VENTRICULAR UNLOADING DURING ECMO AND DRAINAGE CATHETER SIZE ASSESSED BY MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Authors: Strunina Svitlana , Hozman Jiri , Ostadal Petr
Published: November 2017

The flow-dependent left ventricle overload is a well-known complication of the veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a severe cardiogenic shock, which leads to a distension of the left ventricle and, frequently, to a severe pulmonary edema. Recently, an unloading of the left ventricle using a catheter inserted to the left ventricle and connected to the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit has been proposed. The computational method was used to simulate the blood flow in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation system with a drainage catheter incorporated to the left ventricle and connected to the inflow part of the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit by a Y-shaped connector. The whole system was modelled in Modelica modelling language. The impact of various catheter sizes (from 5 Fr to 10 Fr) and extracorporeal blood flow values (from 1L/min to 5 L/min) were investigated. In our simulation model, the extracorporeal blood flow only modestly affected the value of volume that was withdrawn from the left ventricle by a catheter. Conversely, the size of the drainage catheter was the principal factor responsible for the achievement of the adequate left ventricle decompression. A 10 Fr drainage catheter, inserted into the left ventricle and connected to the venous part of the ECMO system, presents a promising solution to the unloading of the left ventricle during a extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Arabesken - Das Ornamentale des Balletts im frühen 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Wittrock Eike
Published: November 2017

Die Arabeske ist nicht nur eine der wichtigsten Positionen des klassischen Ballettvokabulars, mit ihr lässt sich auch das Ornamentale des Balletts im frühen 19. Jahrhundert beschreiben. Aus größtenteils bisher unveröffentlichten ikonografischen Quellen entwickelt Eike Wittrock eine Ästhetik des Balletts, die sowohl die Einzelfigur Arabeske wie auch die Gruppenformationen des corps de ballet erfasst. Lithografien, choreografische Notationen, Abbildungen in Traktaten von Carlo Blasis und Léopold Adice, Musterbücher und Buchverzierungen werden dabei als historiografische Medien von Tanz verstanden, die die fantastische Bildlichkeit von Balletten wie »Giselle«, »Ondine« und »Thea, oder: Die Blumenfee« in der Aufzeichnung weiterführen.
Grenzobjekte und Medienforschung
Authors: Star (verst.) Susan Leigh
Published: November 2017

Susan Leigh Stars (1954-2010) Werk bewegt sich zwischen Infrastrukturforschung, Sozialtheorie, Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Ökologie und Feminismus. Die wegweisenden historischen und ethnografischen Texte der US-amerikanischen Technik- und Wissenschaftssoziologin liegen mit diesem Band erstmals gesammelt auf Deutsch vor. Ihre Arbeiten zu Grenzobjekten, Marginalität, Arbeit, Infrastrukturen und Praxisgemeinschaften werden interdisziplinär kommentiert und auf ihre medienwissenschaftliche Produktivität hin befragt. Mit Kommentaren von Geoffrey C. Bowker, Cora Bender, Ulrike Bergermann, Monika Dommann, Christine Hanke, Bernhard Nett, Jörg Potthast, Gabriele Schabacher, Cornelius Schubert, Erhard Schüttpelz und Jörg Strübing.
Bevölkerung, Fertilität und Familienplanung in Kolumbien
Authors: Huhle Teresa
Published: November 2017

Ab den 1950er Jahren griff im Westen die Angst vor einer ›Bevölkerungsexplosion‹ in den sogenannten unterentwickelten Ländern um sich. Eine rasant ansteigende Zahl an Bevölkerungsexperten sollte der vermeintlichen Gefahr mittels Familienplanung, neuer Verhütungsmittel und sexueller Aufklärung begegnen. Teresa Huhle zeigt, wie in Kolumbien im Zuge dieser Anstrengungen soziologische, demografische und medizinische Wissensbestände geschaffen wurden, die gesellschaftliche Debatten um Familie, Gender, Sexualität und Gesundheit maßgeblich formten - Debatten, die nichts Geringeres verhandelten als den Entwurf eines modernen und entwickelten Landes mit eigenverantwortlichen Staatsbürgerinnen und -bürgern.
Schwankende Ansichten
Authors: Schade Robert
Published: November 2017

Neu sehen, anders sehen - seit dem 19. Jahrhundert hat sich in der Literatur eine Ästhetik alternativer Sehformen etabliert, die die eigene Wahrnehmung zunehmend infrage stellt und sich in der Figur des Schwankens manifestiert. Robert Schade eröffnet einen Einblick in die Geschichte dieser alternativen Sehformen, indem er ausgehend von ökonomischen Wahrnehmungstheorien des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts Fragestellungen aus Psychologie, Philosophie und Ästhetik verfolgt. Er stellt auf diesem Wege erstmals eine Verbindung zwischen der Sehtheorie Hermann von Helmholtz' und der Verfremdungsästhetik Viktor Shklovskijs her. Am Beispiel von vier Werkuntersuchungen (von Gustave Caillebotte, Andrej Belyj, H.G. Wells und Luigi Pirandello) werden die Vernetztheit und das kritische Potenzial der Figur des Schwankens in unterschiedlichen Diskursen illustriert.
Evaluation study of government kindergartens between the city and the rural area
Authors: Bani Mustafa Eman HM , Díaz Inmaculada Aznar
Published: November 2017

Aim: To find out the reality of Jordanian experience in governmental kindergartens between the city and the rural area.Method: The study based on descriptive evaluative method. This was done through a survey on some kindergarten teachers in public schools in the three cities. The researcher followed the qualitative method through in-depth interviews on the study sample.Results: The results of the present study showed that there are statistically significant differences due to the variable of school location in all areas of the tool as a whole. The results also showed significant statistical differences in the field of teachers, and kindergarten curricula of children.Twelve members of the study confirmed that the Jordanian experience in the evaluation of kindergartens in public schools has been considered a pioneering and useful experience for the educational learning process for several reasons.
Hyperandrogenism stimulates inflammation and promote apoptosis of cumulus cells
Authors: Xu F. , Liu R. , Cao X.
Published: November 2017

To explore roles of androgen and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-Î± in PCOS. Cumulus cells were isolated from rat COCs and divided into two sets of experiments. Set 1 includes 4 groups: Control group, IL-1 group (final concentration at 5 nM), IL-6 group (final concentration at 5nM) and TNF-Î± group (final concentration at 5nM). Set 2 also include 4 groups: Control group, Androgen group 1 (final concentration at 1 nM), Androgen group 2 (final concentration at 10 nM) and Androgen group 3 (final concentration at 100 nM). Androgen, at final concentration of 100 nM, can induce secretion of cytokines include IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-Î± in cumulus cells. This in turn leads to cell apoptosis probably through ROS production as well as promotes oocyte maturation. Androgen and cytokines that developed during PCOS contribute to ROS production, apoptosis and oocyte maturation in that disease.