bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of focal cortical dysplasia: Development and multicentric evaluation of artificial intelligence models
Authors: Kersting Lennart N. , Walger Lennart , Bauer Tobias , Gnatkovsky Vadym , Schuch Fabiane , David Bastian , Neuhaus Elisabeth , Keil Fee , Tietze Anna , Rosenow Felix , Kaindl Angela M. , Hattingen Elke , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen , Radbruch Alexander , Surges Rainer , Rüber Theodor
Published: December 2024

Objective

Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common cause of drug‐resistant focal epilepsy but can be challenging to detect visually on magnetic resonance imaging. Three artificial intelligence models for automated FCD detection are publicly available (MAP18, deepFCD, MELD) but have only been compared on single‐center data. Our first objective is to compare them on independent multicenter test data. Additionally, we train and compare three new models and make them publicly available.

Methods

We retrospectively collected FCD cases from four epilepsy centers. We chose three novel models that take two‐dimensional (2D) slices (2D‐nnUNet), 2.5D slices (FastSurferCNN), and large 3D patches (3D‐nnUNet) as inputs and trained them on a subset of Bonn data. As core evaluation metrics, we used voxel‐level Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), cluster‐level F1 score, subject‐level detection rate, and specificity.

Results

We collected 329 subjects, 244 diagnosed with FCD (27.7 ± 14.4 years old, 54% male) and 85 healthy controls (7.1 ± 2.4 years old, 51% female). We used 118 subjects for model training and kept the remaining subjects as an independent test set. 3D‐nnUNet achieved the highest F1 score of .58, the highest DSC of .36 (95% confidence interval [CI] = .30–.41), a detection rate of 55%, and a specificity of 86%. deepFCD showed the highest detection rate (82%) but had the lowest specificity (0%) and cluster‐level precision (.03, 95% CI = .03–.04, F1 score = .07). MELD showed the least performance variation across centers, with detection rates between 46% and 54%.

Significance

This study shows the variance in performance for FCD detection models in a multicenter dataset. The two models with 3D input data showed the highest sensitivity. The 2D models performed worse than all other models, suggesting that FCD detection requires 3D data. The greatly improved precision of 3D‐nnUNet may make it a sensible choice to aid FCD detection.
Differential Response of Fracture Characterization of Mode III Fracture in Sandstone Under Dynamic Versus Static Loading
Authors: Qin Xiaofeng , Su Haijian , Yu Liyuan , Wang Hao , Jiang Ying , Pham Thi Nhan
Published: December 2024

This work examines the effect of loading rate (
) on the mode III fracture behavior of sandstone. Edge‐notched diametrically compressed (ENDC) disc sandstone specimens were tested under different static and dynamic mode III fracture loadings, revealing a clear loading rate effect on both mode III and mode I fractures. Specifically, the peak load and fracture toughness (KIIIC, KIC) increase as the
increases across both static and dynamic scales. At the static scale, the KIIIC is about 1.28–1.38 times of the KIC, whereas at the dynamic scale, the KIIIC is less than the KIC. The relationship between KIIIC and KIC is affected by the loading scale and the shape of the specimen, but the data collected thus far indicate that the origin and type of rock have minimal effect on this relationship. In addition, the fracture surface morphology characteristics were quantitatively analyzed.
Rethinking Crop Rotational Benefits Under Climate Change: Beyond the Growing Season
Authors: Smith Monique E. , Bommarco Riccardo , Vico Giulia
Published: December 2024

Here, we provide a commentary on “Changes in the yield effect of the preceding crop in the US Corn Belt under a warming climate” recently published in Global Change Biology. Crop rotational diversity has recently been gaining interest for its role in climate change adaptation; however, the focus has been on climatic conditions in the growing season . This study uses data from over a wide area and an important cropping system to demonstrate that the benefits of a different preceding crop for both corn and soybean depended on both growing season and non‐growing conditions.
Will an electric vehicle manufacturer benefit from sharing services through price leadership strategy and improving the driving range?
Authors: Wang Ying , Chen Zhongwei , Fan Zhi‐Ping
Published: December 2024

We investigate the incentives of an electric vehicle manufacturer (EVM) to improve the driving range of electric vehicles (EVs) following the entry of a third‐party business‐to‐consumer EV‐sharing platform (sharing platform). Particularly, we examine the two parties’ price leadership strategy and evaluate two scenarios: the EVM is unable (i.e., the short‐term scenario) and able (i.e., the long‐term scenario) to improve the driving range. In the short‐term scenario, the sharing platform (or EVM) should act as price leader if the hassle cost faced by the sharing platform is low (or high). Moreover, the EVM's profits are found to be lower in the short‐term scenario (with sharing services), compared to the case without such services. In the long‐term scenario, the EVM must always act as a price leader. Additionally, when faced with high hassle cost, a higher driving range should be established. Improving the driving range will increase the long‐term profitability of the EVM.
Parents' Need for Support From Family and Friends During Their Preterm Infants' Hospitalisation: A Cross‐National Qualitative Study
Authors: Kainiemi Emma , Axelin Anna , Haslund‐Thomsen Helle , Jonsdottir Rakel Björg , Flacking Renée
Published: December 2024

Aim

To explore the need for support from family and friends among parents of preterm infants within neonatal intensive care.

Design

A cross‐national qualitative study.

Methods

In autumn 2019, 73 parents of preterm infants hospitalised in neonatal intensive care units in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden were interviewed. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

The infant's hospitalisation created a complex context for parental support from family and friends. Social, emotional and practical support were crucial but often hindered by challenges related to the environment, timing, individual circumstances and relationships. Parents emphasised the need for family and friends to be supported in understanding the situation.

Conclusion

Encouraging the presence and involvement of family and friends, implementing adaptive unit policies and sensitivity of staff are pivotal in fostering a supportive environment.

Implications

By better understanding parents' need for support, neonatal units can further develop their practices and enhance the parental support. This can be achieved by enabling the presence and involvement of family and friends at the level the parents desire.

Impact

This study addressed a knowledge gap regarding parents' support need from family and friends during their preterm infant's hospitalisation. This study's results will offer important knowledge to develop unit practices and comprehensive support systems for parents.

Reporting Method

This study followed the relevant EQUATOR guidelines and COREQ checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Neurological Nurses' Perspectives on Communication of Stroke Recurrence Risks: A Mixed‐Method Study
Authors: Lin Beilei , Jin Yujia , Qiu Yunjing , Wang Shanshan , Mei Yongxia , Wang Panpan , Chen Ruofei (Trophy) , Chen Jing
Published: December 2024

Aim

To gain a comprehensive understanding of the practices, attitudes, and thoughts of neurological nurses regarding communication about the risk of stroke recurrence.

Design

This is a mixed‐method study with a sequential explanatory design.

Methods

An electronic survey was conducted amongst 280 neurological nurses from 30 hospitals to explore their clinical practice and attitudes towards stroke recurrence risk communication (RC). Furthermore, 10 nurses' from three tertiary hospitals were interviewed using a convenience sampling approach, and data were analysed with Colaizzi's methods.

Results

Most neurological nurses view recurrence RC essential and beneficial. Quantitative results indicated that nurses frequently discuss warning symptoms, risk factors, the likelihood, and severity of stroke recurrence with patients. However, qualitative analysis indicated that these communications are often non‐standardised, with cautious language, use of informal language, non‐fixed timing, and limited focus on structured communication strategies. Factors influencing communication practices span three levels: the nurse, the patient, and the organisation. Influencing factors fall into three categories: nurse‐related (age, education, experience, confidence, and knowledge), patient‐related (trust and preferences), and organisational (lack of standardised models for communication).

Conclusions

Although neurological nurses recognise the significance of recurrence RC, their skills in this area could benefit from further development. Developing training and supporting nurses in delivering effective stroke recurrence risk education independently or in collaboration with physicians is crucial.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The findings highlight the necessity of standardising stroke recurrence RC, including the development of assessment tools, training programs, and communication strategies. These are essential for optimising risk education in stroke secondary prevention and promoting effective cardiovascular RC in clinical practice.

Reporting Method

This study adhered to the GRAMMS checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

Not applicable.

Trail Registration

CTR2000034244
Perceptions of Resilience Among Nurses: A Qualitative Study Based on the Society‐To‐Cells Framework
Authors: Badawy Walaa , Zinhom Haithm , Shaban Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Aim(s)

To explore the perceptions of resilience among nurses using the Society‐to‐Cells Resilience Theory and examine how multilevel factors influence their ability to maintain resilience in high‐stress environments.

Design

A qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

Sixteen registered nurses from various healthcare settings in the Asir region, Saudi Arabia, participated in face‐to‐face interviews conducted from February to April 2024. The interviews were analysed thematically to identify key factors affecting resilience at individual, familial, institutional and societal levels.

Results

Four key themes emerged: individual coping strategies, family and social support, institutional support mechanisms and societal recognition. Nurses identified personal coping methods, such as mindfulness and exercise, as essential for maintaining resilience. Family and social networks played a crucial role in emotional support. Institutional factors, such as adequate staffing and leadership support, were vital to resilience, while a lack of societal recognition negatively impacted nurses' well‐being.

Conclusion

Resilience in nursing is a multifaceted process influenced by individual, institutional and societal factors. Supportive work environments, adequate resources and recognition of nurses' contributions are critical in fostering resilience.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The findings emphasise the need for healthcare institutions to implement policies and support mechanisms that address both the personal and professional challenges nurses face. Promoting resilience can improve nurse retention, job satisfaction and patient care outcomes.

Reporting Method

This study adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Characterizing bacterial communities of wild birds: Insights from three southern African hornbill species
Authors: Dolores Barón María , Stanback Mark , Martínez‐Renau Ester , José Soler Juan , Martín‐Vivaldi Manuel
Published: December 2024

The microbiome of the uropygial gland and integuments where birds spread the uropygial secretion may play crucial roles for their hosts, but it has been poorly studied, especially in wild species. Exploring bacterial communities associated with the uropygial secretion of birds is particularly interesting in species under strong selection pressures due to pathogenic infection. Here, by high‐throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities of the uropygial gland surface of three African hornbill species (Family Bucerotidae), as well as the bill and feathers of females from two of these species and the nestlings of the other one. In accordance with previous knowledge of avian microbiomes, we expected to find differences associated with species identity, age and the sampled integument. Overall, we found that: 1) the microbiome was similar among species, 2) but there were slight differences associated with the sampled body regions. Moreover, 3) we observed no consistent variation in the microbiota with age, and 4) females and nestlings sharing a nest harboured more similar gland surface microbiota compared to females and nestlings that did not share a nest. These species often reuse nest cavities, sealing them with a plug made from diverse material. Once sealed, they remain enclosed in the nest for a long period. This behaviour opens the possibility that the nest environment is key shaping the microbiota of these species and might serve as a reservoir of the sampled bacterial communities. Moreover, behavioural mechanisms such as preening may contribute to the transmission of bacteria from the uropygial gland to other body regions, enhancing bacterial similarities. This study contributes to our understanding of the role of the nest environment in structuring bacterial communities in wild birds and provides the first thorough characterization of the microbiome inhabiting different body integuments of southern African hornbills.
Implications of the Last Glacial Maximum on the Genetic Diversity of Six Co‐Distributed Taxa in the Baja California Peninsula
Authors: Márquez‐Márquez Anayeli , Martínez‐Rincón Raúl Octavio , Hernández‐Guzmán Rafael , García‐De León Francisco Javier
Published: December 2024

Aim

During the Last Glacial Maximum, the temperature in the Baja California Peninsula decreased and the precipitation increased compared to present climatic conditions. These changes influenced the geographic distribution and the demographic processes of plants and animals. This article aims to determine how Pleistocene and current climate impacted the geographic distribution and the genetic diversity patterns of six species co‐distributed in the Baja California Peninsula.

Location

Northwest Mexico.

Taxon

A group of six species with desert affinities, two cacti (Pachycereus pringlei and Stenocereus gummosus), one spider (Pardosa sierra), one reptile (Dipsosaurus dorsalis) and two birds (Melanerpes uropygialis and Basilinna xantusii).

Methods

Meta‐analysis of published microsatellite data was carried out for the previously mentioned species. Hierarchical generalised additive models (HGAMs) were used to assess the relationship between genetic diversity values and six abiotic predictors (latitude, elevation, current climate, habitat suitability, climatic stability and habitat suitability stability from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present). The change in the distribution range from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present was found using potential distribution models (PDMs).

Results

HGAMs revealed that M. uropygialis showed a significant relationship between genetic diversity and climatic stability, while the genetic diversity of D. dorsalis responded to the current climate. The genetic diversity of M. uropygialis and P. pringlei was affected by habitat suitability change while in B. xantusii, genetic diversity changed with current habitat suitability. According to potential distribution models, four areas of northwest Mexico functioned as a refuge during the Last Glacial Maximum: the south of the peninsula, the region between the western tip of the Vizcaíno peninsula and Cedros Island, the upper Gulf of California and the coasts of Sonora. However, only the spatial patterns of predicted genetic diversity of M. uropygialis coincide with the location of Pleistocene refugia.

Main Conclusions

No evidence was found of a concerted response of species to climate change during the Pleistocene, only one species showed evidence of discrete Pleistocene refugia and climatic stability and habitat suitability are not always conducive to higher genetic diversity values.
Prediction Models of Medication Adherence in Chronic Disease Patients: Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal
Authors: Xu Jingwen , Zhao Xinyi , Li Fei , Xiao Yan , Li Kun
Published: December 2024

Aims and Objectives

To summarise the currently developed risk prediction models for medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases and evaluate their performance and applicability.

Background

Ensuring medication adherence is crucial in effectively managing chronic diseases. Although numerous studies have endeavoured to construct risk prediction models for predicting medication adherence in patients with chronic illnesses, the reliability and practicality of these models remain uncertain.

Design

Systematic review.

Methods

We conducted searches on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase and Medline from inception until 16 July 2023. Two authors independently screened risk prediction models for medication adherence that met the predefined inclusion criteria. The Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was employed to evaluate both the risk of bias and clinical applicability of the included studies. This systematic review adhered to the 2020 PRISMA checklist.

Results

The study included a total of 11 risk prediction models from 11 studies. Medication regimen and age were the most common predictors. The use of PROBAST revealed that some essential methodological details were not thoroughly reported in these models. Due to limitations in methodology, all models were rated as having a high‐risk for bias.

Conclusions

According to PROBAST, the current models for predicting medication adherence in patients with chronic diseases exhibit a high risk of bias. Future research should prioritise enhancing the methodological quality of model development and conducting external validations on existing models.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Based on the review findings, recommendations have been provided to refine the construction methodology of prediction models with an aim of identifying high‐risk individuals and key factors associated with low medication adherence in chronic diseases.

Patient or Public Contribution

This systematic review was conducted without patient or public participation.
Correlation between the 5‐tier fetal heart rate pattern classification at delivery and Apgar scores
Authors: Watanabe Mariko , Watanabe Norikazu , Fukase Mika , Yamanouchi Keiko , Nagase Satoru
Published: December 2024

Aim

In Japan, the fetal heart rate pattern on cardiotocography is usually categorized into five levels for intrapartum management; however, studies on the 5‐tier cardiotocography classification are limited. This study aimed to determine the correlation between 5‐tier cardiotocography levels at delivery, neonatal Apgar scores and perinatal prognosis using a perinatal registry database.

Methods

This retrospective study used the 2018 Perinatal Registry Database of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Apgar scores and perinatal prognosis were compared between patients with Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology intrapartum cardiotocography levels 1–2, and levels 3–5.

Results

In total, 240 987 cases were registered, with 114 201 full‐term deliveries comprising 84 703 vaginal and 29 498 cesarean deliveries. For vaginal delivery cases, the crude odds ratios of 1‐min Apgar score ≤3 for levels 3 (odds ratio: 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–2.0, p < 0.0001), levels 4 (odds ratio: 5.9, 95% confidence interval: 5.1–6.9, p < 0.0001), and levels 5 (odds ratio: 49.2, 95% confidence interval: 37.5–64.5, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher than those for levels 1–2 (odds ratio: 1.0). Moreover, the crude odds ratios of 5‐min Apgar score ≤ 3 for levels 4 (odds ratio: 4.8, confidence interval: 2.7–8.7, p < 0.0001), and levels 5 (odds ratio: 71.1, confidence interval: 32.6–155.1, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher than those for levels 1–2 (odds ratio: 1.0). Similarly, in cases of cesarean delivery, it showed a similar trend to case of vaginal delivery cases.

Conclusion

The 5‐tier cardiotocography classification can predict severe neonatal asphyxia.
Sequence‐Based Multi Ancestry Association Study Reveals the Polygenic Architecture of Varroa destructor Resistance in the Honeybee Apis mellifera
Authors: Eynard Sonia E. , Mondet Fanny , Basso Benjamin , Bouchez Olivier , Le Conte Yves , Dainat Benjamin , Decourtye Axel , Genestout Lucie , Guichard Matthieu , Guillaume François , Labarthe Emmanuelle , Locke Barbara , Mahla Rachid , de Miranda Joachim , Neuditschko Markus , Phocas Florence , Canale‐Tabet Kamila , Vignal Alain , Servin Bertrand
Published: December 2024

Honeybees, Apis mellifera, have experienced the full impacts of globalisation, including the recent invasion by the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, now one of the main causes of colony losses worldwide. The strong selection pressure it exerts has led some colonies to develop defence strategies conferring some degree of resistance to the parasite. Assuming these traits are partly heritable, selective breeding of naturally resistant bees could be a sustainable strategy for fighting infestations. To characterise the genetic determinism of varroa resistance, we conducted the largest genome wide association study performed to date on whole genome sequencing of more than 1500 colonies on multiple phenotypes linked to varroa resistance of honeybees. To take into account some genetic diversity of honeybees, colonies belonging to different ancestries representing the main honeybee subspecies in Western Europe were included and analysed both as separate populations and combined in a meta‐analysis. The results show that varroa resistance is substantially heritable and polygenic: while 60 significant associations were identified, none explain a substantial part of the trait genetic variance. Overall our study highlights that genomic selection for varroa resistance is promising but that it will not be based on managing a few strong effect mutations and rather use approaches that leverage the genome wide diversity of honeybee populations. From a broader perspective, these results point the way towards understanding the genetic adaptation of eusocial insects to parasite load.
Increasing and Alarming Prevalence of Trichophyton indotineae as the Primary Causal Agent of Skin Dermatophytosis in Iran
Authors: Mirhendi Hossein , Aboutalebian Shima , Jahanshiri Zahra , Rouhi Faezeh , Shidfar Mohammad‐Reza , Chadeganipour Amir‐Shayan , Shadzi Shahla , Kharazi Mahboobeh , Erami Mahzad , Rizi Mahnaz Hosseini
Published: December 2024

Background

Trichophyton indotineae, formerly described as T. mentagrophytes rDNA‐ITS genotype VIII, has recently been identified as a novel species within the T. mentagrophytes complex. It has rapidly replaced T. rubrum as the predominant dermatophyte. In this study, skin dermatophyte isolates collected from patients in Iran were sequence‐analysed for species identification. Additionally, the current prevalence of T. indotineae was compared with data from the previous decade.

Methods

A total of 194 dermatophyte isolates were collected from patients in four cities across Iran between July and December 2023, with 73 isolates of the T. mentagrophytes complex from the past decade also included. DNA was extracted from fresh colonies, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1–5.8S rDNA‐ITS2 region was PCR‐amplified and sequenced, followed by bioinformatic sequence analysis.

Results

Out of the 194 dermatophyte isolates, 132 samples (68.04%) were identified as T. indotineae, followed by T. tonsurans (14.43%), T. rubrum (7.22%), Microsporum canis (4.64%), T. interdigitale (3.61%), T. mentagrophytes (1.55%) and Arthroderma benhamiae (0.51%). Sequence analysis of 73 isolates from the past decade showed T. indotineae as the most frequently identified species (43.83%), followed by T. interdigitale (32.88%), T. mentagrophytes (21.92%) and Nannizzia fulva (1.37%). These findings indicate an increasing prevalence of T. indotineae in Iran in recent years. We analysed 214 T. mentagrophytes/T. interdigitale isolates, identifying 164 as T. indotineae, including 26 with nucleotide variations. A phylogenetic tree highlighted the genetic diversity within the species complex.

Conclusion

The alarmingly high prevalence of the potentially drug‐resistant species T. indotineae signals the necessity of continuous surveillance of skin dermatophytosis in the community.
Anaemia, overweight and abdominal obesity in mothers and children are associated with the food environment in socially vulnerable areas of a northeastern Brazilian capital
Authors: Silva‐Neto Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro , Borges Camila Aparecida , Bueno Nassib Bezerra , dos Santos Thays Lane Ferreira , de Menezes Risia Cristina Egito , de Menezes Toledo Florêncio Telma Maria
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to assess the association between community and consumer food environment (FE) measures and anaemia, overweight and abdominal obesity in mother–child dyads living in situations of social vulnerability. A cross‐sectional study was carried out in 40 favelas in a capital city in the northeast of Brazil. The sample consisted of 1882 women and 665 children aged under 5 years. The community FE was assessed using a scale of perception of the availability of healthy food in the neighbourhood. Consumer FE was assessed by auditing 624 retail food stores using the AUDITNOVA instrument. This investigated various aspects of the food environment and evaluated the availability of 18 ultra‐processed foods (UPF) most consumed by the Brazilian population available in these stores. The presence of overweight was assessed by measuring the weight and height of the mother and the child, and abdominal obesity was assessed by measuring the mother's waist circumference. The presence of anaemia in the mother and the child was assessed by measuring haemoglobin. Adjusted multilevel regression models were used to verify associations between the FE and malnutrition in mother–child dyads. Low perception of community FE was associated with higher risk of women being overweight (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.05–1.73) and abdominally obese (OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.04–1.84); low health scores in food shops were associated with higher risk of abdominal obesity (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01–1.79) and anaemia (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02–1.98) in women and overweight in children (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.05–2.73); and the high availability of UPF in retail shops was associated with increased odds of overweight (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.61–4.33) and anaemia (OR: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.38–3.02) in children by 164% and 111%, respectively. It was observed that less healthy food environments are associated with greater chances of anaemia, overweight and abdominal obesity in mothers and children under 5 years in situations of social vulnerability in Brazil.
Notes on the taxonomy and parasitism of Christisonia tubulosa (Orobanchaceae)
Authors: Thazhe Arunraj Parappurakkal , Natarajakaimal Sanjai Viswanathamandiram , Mathew Jose
Published: December 2024

This paper deals with the taxonomy and parasitism of the endemic species Christisonia tubulosa (Wight) Hook.f.; specifically, the documentation of morphological variations and recognition of C. keralensis Erady in its synonymy, lectotypification of the basionym Oligopholis tubulosa Wight, and report of first‐hand observations of iparasitism on Ruellia L. (Acanthaceae), Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae), and Mikania Willd. (Asteraceae).
Physcomitrium LATERAL SUPPRESSOR genes promote formative cell divisions to produce germ cell lineages in both male and female gametangia
Authors: Horiuchi Yuta , Umakawa Naoyuki , Otani Rina , Tamada Yosuke , Kosetsu Ken , Hiwatashi Yuji , Wakisaka Rena , Yoshida Saiko , Murata Takashi , Hasebe Mitsuyasu , Ishikawa Masaki , Kofuji Rumiko
Published: December 2024

The evolution of green plants from aquatic to terrestrial environments is thought to have been facilitated by the acquisition of gametangia, specialized multicellular organs housing gametes. Antheridia and archegonia, responsible for producing and protecting sperm and egg cells, undergo formative cell divisions to produce a cell to differentiate into germ cell lineages and the other cell to give rise to surrounding structures. However, the genes governing this process remain unidentified.

We isolated genes expressed during gametangia development from previously established gene‐trap lines of Physcomitrium patens and characterized their function during gametangia formation.

We identified P. patens LATERAL SUPPRESSOR 1 (PpLAS1) from the gene‐trap library, encoding a GRAS transcription factor. The double‐deletion mutant with its paralog PpLAS2 failed to form inner cells in both gametangia. PpLASs are expressed in cells undergoing formative cell division, and introducing PpLAS1 into the double‐deletion mutant successfully rescued the phenotype.

These findings underscore the pivotal role of PpLASs in regulating formative cell divisions, ensuring the separation of reproductive cell lineages from surrounding cells in antheridia and archegonia. Furthermore, they suggest a link between PpLASs and the evolutionary origin of male and female gametangia in the common ancestor of land plants.
Non‐smoking and Non‐drinking Oral Cancer Patients Are at Higher Risk of Second Primary Tumours
Authors: van der Aa Pepijn J. P. , Witjes Max J. H. , van der Vegt Bert , Schuuring Ed , Boeve Koos , Sidorenkov Grigory , de Bock Geertruida H. , de Visscher Sebastiaan A. H. J.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to explore differences in demographics, tumour characteristics and outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients with a history of non‐smoking, non‐drinking (NSND) versus smoking and/or drinking (SD).

Materials and Methods

Newly diagnosed OSCC patients undergoing curative surgical treatment were prospectively included in OncoLifeS, a data biobank. Cox regression analysis was performed yielding hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs).

Results

185 patients were included, and 32.4% of patients were NSND; this group represented an older (69 vs. 64.4 years, p < 0.01) and more female‐dominated (66.7% vs. 44.5%, p = 0.02) population. NSND patients had more tongue tumours (68.3% vs. 46.4%, p < 0.01) and few floor‐of‐mouth tumours (1.7% vs. 20.0%, p < 0.01). Locoregional recurrence, overall survival and disease‐specific survival risk were similar between the NSND and SD patients. NSND patients had a higher second primary tumour risk compared to SD patients in the multivariable analysis (adjusted HR 3.92, 1.23–12.48, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

NSND patients with OSCC have a distinct clinicopathological profile compared to SD patients, with a higher risk of second primary tumours after treatment. These differences in risk profiles should be considered in future OSCC management strategies.
Metabolic Analysis of Tumor Cells Within Ameloblastoma at the Single‐Cell Level
Authors: Li Rui‐Fang , Zhao Yi , Man Qi‐Wen
Published: December 2024

Background

To meet their high energy needs, tumor cells undergo aberrant metabolic reprogramming. A tumor cell may expertly modify its metabolic pathways and the differential expression of the genes for metabolic enzymes. The physiological requirements of the host tissue and the tumor cell of origin mostly dictate metabolic adaptation. Ameloblastoma (AB) is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin. Due to its unrestricted growth potential, local aggressiveness, and high likelihood of recurrence, this condition poses a significant risk to the patient's health. This study aimed to characterize the metabolic heterogeneity at single‐cell resolution of AB.

Methods

Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) was performed on 17,284 cells from three AB donors. Bioinformatic analysis was used to examine differentially expressed genes, subtypes, and regulatory mechanisms when combined with odontogenic keratocyst scRNA‐seq data. Based on metabolic pathway gene sets, the metabolic landscape of AB tumor cells was examined.

Results

Using scRNA‐seq, we discovered that AB tumor cells had substantial heterogeneity. The biggest contributor to tumor cell metabolic characteristics is determined to be variation in mitochondrial programming and glycolysis. Surprisingly, hypoxia corresponds with both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis activity in AB tumor cells at the single‐cell level.

Conclusion

This study presents a computational framework for defining metabolism using single‐cell expression data and identifies oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis as critical components of metabolism for AB tumor cells.
Zymosan‐Treated SKG Mice: Assessing Effects of Systemic Inflammation on the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Uryu Kaito , Kakei Yasumasa , Sendo Sho , Goto Ikuko , Akashi Kengo , Nishimura Keisuke , Shirai Tatsuya , Hirota Junya , Takeda Daisuke , Shigeoka Manabu , Kimoto Akira , Hasegawa Takumi , Saegusa Jun , Akashi Masaya
Published: December 2024

Objectives

The effects of systemic inflammation on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are poorly understood. This study aimed to establish a mouse model to study the effects of systemic inflammation on the TMJ.

Materials and Methods

SKG mice, a BALB/c strain with spontaneous onset of rheumatoid arthritis‐like symptoms due to a spontaneous point mutation (W163C) in the gene encoding the SH2 domain of ZAP‐70, were treated with zymosan (β‐1,3‐glucan). Synovitis, bone erosion, and cartilage damage in the TMJ were evaluated using established scores for animal models of inflammatory arthritis. Myeloperoxidase‐positive areas and numbers of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)‐positive cells were compared between naive and zymosan‐treated SKG mice. Correlations between TMJ inflammation scores and clinical scores for extremities were also assessed.

Results

There were significant differences in TMJ inflammation scores, including synovitis, bone erosion, and cartilage damage, between naive and high‐dose zymosan‐treated mice. There were significant differences in myeloperoxidase‐positive areas and numbers of TRAP‐positive cells between naive and zymosan‐treated mice. There were significant correlations between TMJ inflammation scores and clinical scores for extremities.

Conclusions

Systemic administration of zymosan efficiently induces TMJ inflammation in SKG mice. Zymosan‐treated SKG mice offer a useful tool to investigate the effects of systemic inflammation on the TMJ.
Infant With Beckwith–Wiedemann Requiring Transplant for Hepatic Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Authors: Brownfield Mia N. , Adeyemi Adebowale , Tumolo Nicole , Baker Laura , Corao‐Uribe Diana , Dunn Stephen , Shah Ashesh P.
Published: December 2024

Background

Liver transplantation for unresectable, benign hepatic lesions is rare. Hepatic mesenchymal hamartomas (HMH) are benign, cystic tumors that arise mostly in pediatric populations and can cause compressive symptoms. HMH is rarely associated with placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS). Treatment is complete excision due to the risk of rapid growth, recurrence, and malignant transformation. Very rarely is HMH so diffuse that transplantation is required.

Methods

We present the first case of a patient with BWS, HMH, and a history of PMD who underwent a transplant. This is also incidentally the third case of a pediatric patient with a myxoid adrenocortical adenoma (MACA).

Results

Our patient with HMH, MACA, chronic respiratory distress secondary to tracheobronchomalacia and abdominal competition from hepatomegaly, and nasojejunal (NJ) tube dependence successfully underwent orthotopic whole liver transplantation at 7 months of age. She had one episode of acute cellular rejection, but otherwise recovered well. Despite negative molecular testing for BWS in peripheral blood, additional analysis on the explanted liver was consistent with a diagnosis of mosaic BWS. At a 14‐month follow‐up, she continues to do well with improvement in growth.

Conclusions

Transplantation is an effective treatment option for patients with unresectable HMH. Our case highlights this and introduces a possible underlying association between HMH, PMD, and BWS.
Exploring the Potential for Educational Anti‐Racism and Automated Decision‐Making Theories to Bolster the Efficacy of Using Body‐Worn Cameras to Mitigate Racially Biased Police Behavior
Authors: McDonald Sheldon
Published: December 2024

Despite the numerous intervention efforts that have been made both at the federal and state levels, racially biased policing remains a significant issue that disproportionately affects people of color. One of the most used intervention strategies has been associated with the implementation of body‐worn cameras by police. When initially implemented, it was anticipated that the accountability and transparency associated with their use would have significantly curtailed instances of racially biased policing. However, recent research has not shown consistently positive results that were expected. To improve the effectiveness of body‐worn camera usage in racially biased policing intervention, a conceptual model is proposed which is informed by research‐based anti‐racism educational theories that have been shown to stem racial bias in schools. Further supported by criminal justice automated decision‐making research, the proposed model recommends a conceptual real‐time auditing framework that, if integrated into body‐worn camera technology, can more effectively resist racially biased policing in the United States.
Outcomes of massive transfusion recipients administered ABO‐incompatible fresh frozen plasma
Authors: Loh Joanna Bao‐Ern , Wellard Cameron , Haysom Helen E. , Sparrow Rosemary L. , Wood Erica M. , McQuilten Zoe K.
Published: December 2024

Background

The provision of ABO‐incompatible fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in massive transfusion (MT) has become accepted to conserve AB FFP stock. There is an evidence gap in non‐trauma settings. We compare characteristics of patients who received ABO‐compatible or ABO‐incompatible FFP during an MT episode due to any cause of critical bleeding, and assess the impact of incompatible FFP transfusion on inhospital mortality.

Methods

Using the Australian and New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry, data were extracted for patients aged ≥18 years who received an MT (defined as ≥5 red cell units in 4 h) between April 2011 and October 2018. Incompatible FFP was defined as transfusion of ≥1 unit of FFP with a bidirectional or minor ABO‐mismatch in the first 24 h from MT initiation.

Results

A total of 7340 patients from 28 hospitals were included. Seventy‐seven (1%) patients received incompatible FFP (26 trauma, 51 non‐trauma). Those who had incompatible FFP received a median of seven units of FFP, compared to those who only received compatible FFP receiving five units, p = .005. A total of 226 units of incompatible FFP were provided overall. Incompatible FFP provision was not independently associated with inhospital mortality in MT (HR of 1.40 [95% CI 0.84–2.26, p = .2]). Variables independently associated with inhospital mortality included increased FFP volume in the first 24 h, age, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and lower pre‐transfusion fibrinogen and peri‐transfusion pH values.

Conclusion

Transfusion of incompatible FFP in MT in our cohort was not independently associated with higher inhospital mortality, although the number of patients who received incompatible FFP was small.
SAFETY CLIMATE AND SAFETY CULTURE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORIES OF UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA
Authors: Ramesh Yevanraaj , Norazahar Norafneeza
Published: December 2024

Laboratory safety could pose a high risk due to the presence of hazards, physical, electrical, chemical, etc. Such conditions expose students or university staff to potential accidents in laboratories. The lack of safety climate and safety culture among university students is one of the main contributing factors to laboratory accidents. Therefore, this research aims to assess and improve the safety climate and safety culture among undergraduate students in the Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (FCEE) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), specifically within the Separation Process and Fluid Mechanics laboratories. The assessment will focus mainly on individuals actively engaged in laboratory work -- safety attitude, awareness, behaviours, and perceptions. A set of questionnaires is a tool to collect data on these variables, i.e. safety attitude, awareness, behaviours, and perceptions. The questionnaire was used to collect student data to assess their safety climate and safety culture in the academic laboratory setting. The questionnaire consists of socio-demographic, safety attitude, safety awareness, safety behaviour, and safety perception sections. The data was analyzed by using Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U-test, and Spearman Correlation. The study found that significant differences in the safety culture of undergraduate chemical engineering students in academic laboratories were influenced by factors such as age, years of study, laboratory experience, and participation in safety training, while safety climate was significantly impacted by the length of time spent in the lab and participation in safety training.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO DUAL AXIS SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEMS
Authors: Idris R.Mohamad , Ataalah Mohammed , Mohammed Ahmed Abed
Published: December 2024

This review discusses the latest design approaches to dual-axis solar trackers by underlining their role in the development of solar energy efficiency and sustainability. Major areas of innovations reviewed include new design proposals, choice of materials, control systems, incorporation of Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT), and Machine Learning (ML) in optimizing energy production. A comparison of traditional and modern dual axis tracking systems is made, focusing on how these systems are improved to increase energy yield, improve environmental adaptability, and enhance the durability of the systems. Challenges include increased complexity and cost of modern systems, while future trends will be discussed for predictive analytics, energy storage integration, and smart grid connectivity. With these developments in the background, this review assesses the prospects of dual-axis solar tracking systems as a cornerstone for sustainable energy solutions.
An α7 nicotinic and GABAB receptor‐mediated pathway controls acetylcholine release in the tripartite neuromuscular junction
Authors: Petrov Konstantin , Lenina Oksana , Leroy Jacqueline , Bernard Véronique , Germain Thibaut , Truong Charles , Nurullin Leniz , Sibgatullina Guzel , Ohno Kinji , Samigullin Dmitry , Krejci Eric
Published: December 2024

Terminal Schwann cells (TSCs) are capable of regulating acetylcholine (ACh) release at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). We have identified GABA as a gliotransmitter at mouse NMJs. When ACh activates α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChRs) on TSCs, GABA is released and activates GABAB receptors on the nerve terminal that subsequently reduce ACh release. Indeed, specific deletion of the α7 nAChR in TSCs or inhibition of the metabotropic GABAB receptor prevents the reduction in the quantal content of the end‐plate potential induced by cholinesterase inhibitors. The α7/GABAB receptor‐mediated pathway is activated when ACh that escapes from collagen Q (ColQ) anchored AChE in the synaptic cleft and from PRiMA‐anchored butyrylcholinesterase on the TSC activates α7 nAChRs on the TSC. Consequently, prolonged tetanic stimulation of isolated muscle activates the α7/GABAB receptor pathway, which reduces post‐tetanic ACh release. When AChE levels are low in neonatal mice, the α7/GABAB receptor‐mediated pathway decreases ACh release and reduces ex vivo muscle fatigue. For ColQ‐deficient mice where AChE is not clustered, the decrease in AСh release following activation of this pathway contributes to mouse fatigue in vivo.

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Key points

Acetylcholine (ACh) released from the nerve terminal at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) can activate α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) on terminal Schwann cells, releasing gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) that activates metabotropic GABAB receptors on the nerve terminal which then reduces further ACh release from the nerve.

At the mature NMJ, before reaching α7 nAChRs on terminal Schwann cells ACh is normally hydrolyzed by AChE clustered in the synaptic cleft and by BChE anchored to the TSC.

ACh can activate the α7/GABAB receptor‐mediated pathway and depress subsequent ACh release when AChE at the NMJ is low, either during development or in congenital myasthenic syndrome. In the latter case, this pathway contributes to muscle fatigue.
Perfectionism, Burnout, and Depressive Symptoms in Youth Soccer Players: Moderation by Empowering and Disempowering Climates
Authors: Hill Andrew P. , Smith Esmie P. , Hall Howard K.
Published: December 2024

Youth soccer players face considerable pressure as they pursue a successful career in the sport. Research shows that some players navigate these pressures better than others, with the immediate coaching environment playing a key role. We examined the relationship between different perfectionism subtypes, and burnout, and depressive symptoms in youth soccer, and whether perceptions of empowering and disempowering climate moderated these relationships. Two-hundred and sixty-six youth male soccer academy players completed measures of perfectionism, burnout, depressive symptoms, and empowering and disempowering climate. Moderated regression analyses typically supported the hypotheses of the 2 × 2 model and differentiated between subtypes for burnout and depressive symptoms. A more empowering climate also decreased one aspect of burnout—devaluation—in three of four subtypes. The findings show that some perfectionism subtypes are related to higher burnout and depressive symptoms in youth soccer, and an empowering climate might help reduce burnout for most subtypes.
Kinesiology “at the Crossroads”: An Historian’s Perspective on Preparing for Alternative Futures
Authors: Vertinsky Patricia
Published: December 2024

This article peers into kinesiology’s past to seek a better understanding of what is to come. I explore the constitution of kinesiology and its related professions and the spaces in which they developed by employing philosopher Walter Benjamin’s notion that “each epoch dreams the one to follow.” I then examine a constellation of emerging trends in higher education today that is once more leading to reorganizations, consolidations, and mergers of academic units that directly or indirectly impact the role of kinesiologists across North America (and to different extents elsewhere around the world). I conclude that an ongoing effort to attain balance may well be the needed impetus to achieve ongoing institutional strength and stability in kinesiology.