bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demulsification of Water in Iraqi Crude Oil Emulsion
Authors: Maddah Zenah Hani , Naife Tariq Mohammed
Published: November 2019

Formation of emulsions during oil production is a costly problem, and decreased water content in emulsions leads to increases productivity and reduces the potential for pipeline corrosion and equipment used. The chemical demulsification process of crude oil emulsions is one of the methods used for reducing water content. The demulsifier presence causes the film layer between water droplets and the crude oil emulsion that to become unstable, leading to the accelerated of water coalescence. This research was performed to study the performance of a chemical demulsifier Chimec2439 (commercial) a blend of non-ionic oil-soluble surfactants. The crude oils used in these experiments were Basrah and Kirkuk Iraqi crude oil. These experimental work were done using different water to oil ratio. The study investigated the factors that have a role in demulsification processes such as the concentration of demulsifier, water content, salinity, pH, and asphaltene content. The results showed in measuring the droplet size distribution, in Basrah crude oil, that the average water droplet size was between (5.5–7.5) μm in the water content 25% while was between (3.3-4) μm in the water content 7%. The average water droplet size depends on the water content, and droplet size reduced when the water content of emulsion was less than 25%. In Kirkuk crude oil, in water content of 7%, it was between (4.5-6) μm, while in 20%, it was between (4-8) μm, and in 25% it was between (5-8.8) μm. It was found that the rate of separation increases with increasing concentration of demulsifier. For Basrah crude oil at 400ppm the separation was 83%, and for Kirkuk, crude oil was 88%. The separation of water efficiency was increased with increased water content and salt content. In Basrah crude oil, the separation rate was 84% at a dose of salt of 3% (30000) ppm and at zero% of salt, the separation was70.7%. In Kirkuk crude oil, the separation rate was equal 86.2% at a dose of salt equal 3% (30000) ppm, and at zero% of salt, the separation 80%.
A Comparison Study of Brine Desalination using Direct Contact and Air Gap Membrane Distillation
Authors: Khalaf Ahmed Shamil , Hassan Asrar Abdullah
Published: November 2019

Membrane distillation (MD) is a hopeful desalination technique for brine (salty) water. In this research, Direct Contact Membrane Distillation (DCMD) and  Air Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) will be used. The sample used is from Shat Al –Arab water (TDS=2430 mg/l). A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) flat sheet membrane was used as a flat sheet form with a plate and frame cell. Several parameters were studied, such as; operation time, feed temperature, permeate temperature, feed flow rate. The results showed that with time, the flux decreases because of the accumulated fouling and scaling on the membrane surface. Feed temperature and feed flow rate had a positive effect on the permeate flux, while permeate temperature had a reverse effect on permeate flux. It is noticeable that the flux in DCMD is greater than AGMD, at the same conditions. The flux in DCMD is 10.95LMH, and that in AGMD is 7.14 LMH.  In AGMD, the air gap layer made a high resistance. Here the temperature transport reduces in the permeate side of AGMD due to the air gap resistance. The heat needed for AGMD is lower than DCMD, this leads to low permeate flux because the temperature difference between the two sides is very small, so the driving force (vapor pressure) is low.
Assessment the Engineering Characteristics of the Smear Zone around PVDs Using Laboratory Tests
Authors: Kamil Ahmed Shakir , Aljorany Ala Nassir
Published: November 2019

Smear zone is usually formed around the prefabricated vertical drains (PVD’s) due to mandrel driving. The geotechnical properties of the soil in this zone exhibit significant changes that affect the performance of the PVD’s. The most relevant property in this respect is the coefficient of permeability. So far, no serious attention is paid to investigate the effects of shearing under large shear strains on the geotechnical properties of the soft soil in Fao region. In this study, an extensive laboratory testing program was conducted to assess the characteristics of the smear zone with an emphasis on the permeability coefficient of Fao soft soil. The results show that the permeability of the smear zone is about 70% of the horizontal permeability of the intact soil. An attempt was made to estimate the extension of the shearing zone in the direct shear test. The analysis results indicate that thickness of the shearing zone is about (2.4) cm.
The State of Supervision Discourse Communities: A Call for the Future of Supervision to Shed Its Mask
Authors: Mette Ian M.
Published: November 2019

This article reviews the various discourse communities that can be found throughout the field of supervision. Over the last several decades, the field has largely struggled with its identity. The struggle to define supervision, as well as supervision scholarship being forced to travel incognito to survive (Glanz & Hazi, 2019), has largely been due to a lack of an academic journal to serve as a publishing venue dedicated solely to issues of educational supervision. As the Journal of Educational Supervision continues to evolve from inception to fruition (Mette & Zepeda, 2019), it is important to keep supervision discourse communities vibrant and growing, as well as to help the field move forward. Additionally, supervision scholars must acknowledge the realities of policies facing practitioners in order to better bridge the research-practice-policy gap. The continual development of these five discourse communities – as well as any cross-pollination among them and preparation for emergent discourse communities – is paramount to the future of supervision.
Educational Supervision: Reflections on Its Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Gordon Stephen P.
Published: November 2019

The author shares summaries of the supervision literature along with personal reflections and recommendations to discuss supervision’s past, present, and future. Topics from the past include the heyday of clinical superevision, the University of Georgia’s Department of Curriculum and Supervision, important concepts introduced by supervision scholars, and groups associated with supervision. Consideration of the present encompasses current scholarship, other recent influences on supervision, and the resurgence of the Council of Professors of Instructional Supervision (COPIS). The part of the article on supervision’s future consists of hopes and recommendations for the future, with discussions of the Journal of Educational Supervision as well as recommendations for political action, teacher leadership, and fully functioning professional development schools. The author also recommends an expanded COPIS as well as partnership among scholarly groups focused on educational supervision, school districts and schools, and supervision scholars from around the world.
Integration and expansion of qualitative analyses of relationship dissolution through ghosting
Authors: Koessler Rebecca B , Kohut Taylor , Campbell Lorne
Published: November 2019

Ghosting is a romantic relationship breakup strategy that includes severing communication between partners. However, inconsistencies in existing conceptualizations of ghosting indicate a lack of agreement between scholars studying this phenomenon. Consequently, a need exists to establish an empirically derived definition and to explore the process of, motivations behind and consequences of ghosting. The current authors and another research team, LeFebvre et al. (2019), independently conducted qualitative studies that sought to achieve these aims. We used a bottom-up approach to compare our thematic analyses to those of LeFebvre et al. We identified replicable themes and discrepancies with their work from which we propose a revised definition of ghosting that integrates findings from each research team.
The rising marriage mortality gap among Whites
Authors: Cohen Philip N.
Published: November 2019

Although the decline in marriage has been cited as a possible contributor to the “despair” afflicting marginalized White communities, these studies have not directly considered mortality by marital status. This paper uses complete death certificate data from the Mortality Multiple Cause Files with American Community Survey data to examine age-specific mortality rates for married and non-married people from 2007 to 2017. The overall rise in White mortality is limited almost exclusively to those who are not married, for men and women. By comparison, mortality for Blacks and Hispanics has fallen or remained flat regardless of marital status (except for young, single Hispanic men). Analysis by education level shows death rates have risen most for Whites with the lowest education, but have also increased for those with high school or some college. Because mortality has risen faster for unmarried Whites at all but the lowest education levels, there has been an increase in the marriage mortality ratio. Mortality differentials are an increasingly important component of the social hierarchy associated with marital status.
Screening of local, improved and hybrid rice genotypes against leaf blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) at Banke district, Nepal
Authors: Acharya Basistha , Shrestha Sunder Man , Manandhar Hira Kaji , Chaudhary Bedananda
Published: November 2019

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major cereal crop of Nepal which is being faced by the devastating rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. An experiment was conducted to screen rice genotypes against leaf blast disease under disease conducive upland nursery at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Khajura, Banke, Nepal during July to November, 2016. A total of 101 rice genotypes (comprising of local, improved and hybrid) including resistant and susceptible check were screened in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Disease scoring was done beginning from the 20th days of sowing by using the disease rating scale 0-9. Amongst the tested 101 rice genotypes, 28 genotypes were found resistant, 15 genotypes were moderately resistant, 16 genotypes were moderately susceptible, 39 genotypes were susceptible and 3 genotypes were highly susceptible to leaf blast. The information revealed from this study could be helpful for rice leaf blast disease management and utilizing these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes for further resistance breeding program.
Polyelectrolyte Complexation: Entropy, Medicine, and the Beginning of Life
Authors: Herzog-Arbeitman Abraham
Published: November 2019

Polymeric materials, which include plastics, fabrics and the vast majority of biological substances, are abundant in modern society. On the molecular scale, these materials are built from the interconnection of similar chemical subunits to form chainlike macromolecules. The medical, electrochemical, synthetic and materials science communities have increasingly turned their attention to polyelectrolytes, a subset of polymers with electric charge, in part because of their ability to spontaneously and reversibly phase-separate (complex) in aqueous solution. This entropic and electrostatic separation can yield well-defined nanoparticles, dynamic gels and other useful materials. These materials are called polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) and have formed the basis of complex-core micelle technologies that show promise as nanoscale drug-delivery vehicles for cancer treatment, and which have long been suspected to play a role in the chemical origin of life. This article describes the thermodynamics underlying polyelectrolyte complexation, and then illustrates the application of PECs in medicine and their possible role in the beginning of life, interconnecting these far-flung domains through their reliance on the spontaneous organisation of nanoscale space by chemical activity, the singular physical process of electrolyte complexation.
Stigma Among Patients with HIV/AIDS: A Cross Sectional Study in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Azreen , Ismail Adibah Hanim , Mooi Ching Siew
Published: November 2019

Introduction:HIV stigma refers to negative beliefs, feelings and attitudes towards people living with HIV (PLWH), groups associated with PLWH and other key populations at higher risk of HIV infection, such as people who inject drugs, sex workers, men who have sex with men and transgender people. Despite the advancement made in the knowledge and treatment of HIV, PLWH continues to be stigmatized.Objective: To determine the level of HIV stigma and its predictors among people living with HIV/AIDS in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients aged 18 and above at infectious disease clinic in Hospital Sungai Buloh, Gombak, Malaysia. HIV stigma was assessed using Berger’s HIV stigma scale, which is available in Bahasa Malaysia and English.A self-administered questionnaire was used to determine their demographic and clinical characteristics. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictors.Results: 526 subjects participated in this study. The mean age of the study population was 33.5± 8.4 years. The majority of the participants were male (90.9%) and contracted HIV through sexual activities (87.8%). The mean score of HIV stigma was 104.7 ± 19.5. Based on multiple linear regression analysis, patients who were unemployed (B = -8.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -12.12,-3.88, p = < 0.001) and being on antiretroviral treatment (B = 4.95, 95% (CI) = 0.30, 9.60, p = < 0.037) had higher level of HIV stigma.Conclusions: The level of HIV stigma was high (mean score =104.7 ± 19.5). HIV/AIDS patients who are unemployed and on antiretroviral agents were at risks of having higher level of HIV stigma. Future study is needed urgently to implement intervention that can minimize the stigmatization among patients with HIV/AIDS.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 01 January’20 Page : 26-35
Kimura Disease of Parotid Gland
Authors: Ghafar Muhammad Hazim Abdul , Oon Amy , Mohammad Nik Mohd Yunus , Mohamad Irfan
Published: November 2019

Kimura disease is a rare, benign, chronic inflammatory disorder. Characteristic features of the disease include painless subcutaneous mass in the head and neck region, elevated serum eosinophilia and markedly raised serum immunoglobulin E. Herein, we report a case of Kimura disease in a patient who presented with a parotid mass and received both medical and surgical management. A course of high dose oral prednisolone and subsequently parotidectomy were the important elements of the management.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 01 January’20 Page : 63-66
Gallium-assisted growth of InSb nanowire
Authors: Wang T. , Jiang T. , Meng X.
Published: November 2019

Indium antimony (InSb) nanowires have been synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and we found that adding gallium as the other evaporation resource can increase the density of nanowires and no doping pollution. For the growth of InSb nanowire, Au film was annealed to form Au nanoparticles as catalysts and explain its catalytic principle. We thought that gallium which coated on the surface of Au nanoparticles assisted nucleation and growth of InSb nanowire in the early stage. The diameter of the InSb nanowires was 60–100nm and 1-5μm in length. The grown nanowires have good crystallinity. We found that the surface of InSb was oxidized, and the main oxide was indium oxide. We discovered the tip morphologies of nanowires are different and discussed the causes of this phenomenon in detail.
Soliton propagation of electromagnetic field vectors of polarized light ray traveling along with coiled optical fiber on the unit 2-sphereS²
Authors: Körpınar T. , Demirkol R. Cem , Körpınar Z.
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we relate the evolution equation of the electric field and magnetic field vectors of the polarized light ray traveling along with a coiled optical fiber on the unit 2-sphere S² into the nonlinear Schrödinger's equation by proposing new kinds of binormal motions and new kinds of Hasimoto functions in addition to commonly known formula of the binormal motion and Hasimoto function. All these operations have been conducted by using the orthonormal frame of spherical equations that is defined along with the coiled optical fiber lying on the unit 2-sphere S². We also propose perturbed solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger's evolution equation that governs the propagation of solitons through electric field (E) and magnetic field (M) vectors. Finally, we provide some numerical simulations to supplement the analytical outcomes.
Analytical treatment in optical metamaterials with anti-cubic law of nonlinearity by IEFM and EShGEEM
Authors: Ilhan Onur Alp , Manafian Jalil
Published: November 2019

Here, the improved exp(−Ω())-expansion method (IEFM) and extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method (EShGEEM)are being applied on (1+2)-dimensional nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation, optical metamaterials, with anti-cubic nonlinearity. Materialslike photovoltaic-photorefractive, polymer and organic consists of spatial solitons and optical nonlinearities, which can beidentified by seeking help from NLSE with anti-cubic nonlinearity. Abundant exact traveling wave solutions consisting of freeparameters are established in terms of bright, dark, singular, kink-singular, and combined dark-bright soliton solutions. Variousarbitrary constants obtained in the solutions help us to discuss the graphical behavior of solutions and also grants flexibilityto formulate solutions that can be linked with a large variety of physical phenomena. Moreover, graphical representation ofsolutions are shown vigorously in order to visualize the behavior of the solutions acquired for the equation.
Encefalopatía hepática: una complicación del paciente hepatópata
Authors: Umaña Bermúdez Carlos Andrés , Rodríguez Nájera Geovanna Fabiola , Camacho Barquero Fabián Alberto
Published: November 2019

La encefalopatía hepática (EH) es una complicación grave de la cirrosis caracterizada por múltiples manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas. La EH suele estar desencadenada por un factor precipitante o en pacientes con una enfermedad hepática grave. El principal mecanismo fisiopatológico es el aumento de amoníaco en sangre con una alteración de la permeabilidad de la barrera hematoencefálica y su metabolismo a glutamina en los astrocitos. El diagnóstico es clínico y las técnicas de neuroimagen pueden ser complementarias. La valoración clínica debe ser dirigida a identificar el desencadenante. Los disacáridos no absorbibles y la rifaximina constituyen el tratamiento de elección.
Dismenorrea primaria en las adolescentes: manejo en la atención primaria
Authors: Garro Urbina Valeria , Thuel Gutiérrez Mónica , Robles Arce Valeria
Published: November 2019

La dismenorrea primaria es el síntoma más común asociado a la menstruación y se puede clasificar en dismenorrea primaria, que es el dolor pélvico asociado a la menstruación en ausencia de patología pélvica subyacente, y en dismenorrea secundaria, que es cuando se puede atribuir la sintomatología a alguna patología pélvica de fondo. La prevalencia de esta patología es altamente subestimada y varía ampliamente. El proceso patológico no se ha entendido de manera completa, pero según investigaciones es el resultado del aumento de producción de prostaglandinas y leucotrienos, con el resultante incremento de la actividad miometrial. El diagnóstico se basa principalmente en una historia clínica exhaustiva y un examen físico dirigido, aunque la respuesta al tratamiento también corrobora el diagnóstico.  El principal objetivo del tratamiento de la dismenorrea es la reducción del dolor y mejorar la funcionalidad de las pacientes, siendo la primera línea los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos y la terapia hormonal.
“APPLE” – UP OR DOWN
Authors: Adyl Aliekperov
Published: November 2019

In this article the future of Apple, Inc. was investigated. The emphasis was made on the analysis of the statistical data demonstrating the dynamics of the company's revenue, as well as the market share of its main product - iPhone. The main stages of the development of the company and its strategy was examined also. Having analyzed this information, author gave a prognosis about the future of Apple company.
Comportamentos antiesportivos e de fair play em categorias de base do futsal
Authors: De Morais Amanda Oliveira , Souza Silvia Regina de , Bosquetti Marcella Andressa , Santos Guilherme Gomes dos
Published: November 2019

Este estudo avaliou os comportamentos de seis treinadores e 64 atletas de futsal das categorias Sub 9 e Sub 15 em relação a antiesportividade e fair play. Foram filmados 12 jogos, os comentários dos treinadores gravados e recolheu-se cópia da súmula. Os jogos eram assistidos e os dados registrados (faltas com contato, comportamentos antiesportivos e de fair play dos atletas e o comportamento dos treinadores em relação aos comportamentos dos atletas). Os resultados mostraram maior ocorrência de comportamentos de fair play entre os atletas da Sub 15. A taxa de comportamentos antiesportivos foi baixa em ambas as categorias, sendo a gravidade desses comportamentos menor para a categoria Sub 9. Os treinadores foram indiferentes aos comportamentos antiesportivos e de fair play de seus atletas. Sugere-se que as contingências específicas da modalidade podem contribuir para alterar a frequência desses comportamentos em competições.

Palavras-chave: Psicologia do Esporte. Atletas e treinadores. Comportamento moral.
PENGARUH MODEL PROBING PROMPTING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR KOGNITIF SISWA PADA MATERI PEWARISAN SIFAT
Authors: Duda Hilarius Jago , Adibah Fitri Hamiani , Syafruddin Didin
Published: November 2019

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Probing Prompting terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa kelas IX SMPN 3 Silat Hilir pada materi Pewarisan Sifat. Metode penelitian adalah eksperimen semu dengan desain penelitian Nonequevalent Control Group. Sampel yang digunakan ada dua kelas dengan jumlah siswa perkelas adalah 24. Alat pengumpul data adalah lembar observasi, soal tes, dan angket. Analisis data dengan anlisis statistik dan persentase. Rata-rata persentase hasil observasi pada kelas eksperimen adalah 95,30% dan dan kelas kontrol 97,16% keduanya masuk dalam kategori “baik”. Hasil analisis data diperoleh nilai rata-rata post-test kelas eksperimen 77,50. Sedangkan pada kelas kontrol diperoleh nilai rata-rata post-test sebesar 58,12. Data hasil angket diperoleh persentase sebesar 75% masuk dalam kategori “baik”. Setelah dilakukan uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai thitung 2,45 lebih besar dari ttabel 2,01, sehingga Ho ditolak. Jadi penerapan model pembelajaran Probing Prompting berpengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa pada mata pelajaran IPA Terpadu khususnya materi pewarisan sifat.

Kata Kunci: Probing Prompting, hasil belajar, kognitif.
ANALISIS KUALITAS BUTIR SOAL FISIKA KELAS X SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Anita Anita , Tyowati Sulis , Zuldafrial Zuldafrial
Published: November 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kualitas butir soal pada bank soal Fisika secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif dan untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal berdasarkan taksonomi Bloom pada mata pelajaran Fisika kelas X di SMA Negeri 2 Bunut Hulu Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Metode yang digunakan metode penelitian kombinasi, bentuk penelitian concurrent embedded strategy dan menggunakan rancangan penelitian kuadran IV. Hasil penelitian adalah: (1) Secara kualitatif berdasarkan konstruk, segi materi dan bahasa secara keseluruahn telah sesuai; dan (2) Secara kuantitatif berdasarkan proporsi tingkat kesukaran tidak seimbang. Daya pembeda 30% kategori jelek, 37,5% kategori cukup, 20% kategori baik, 12,5% sangat jelek. Efektivitas pengecoh 80% berfungsi, tingkat kevalidan sebesar 65%, reliabilitas sebesar 0,65 dengan kategori sedang sehingga soal dapat dipercaya untuk mengevaluasi siswa, persentase jumlah kemampuan siswa yang mampu mengerjakan soal pada setiap aspek berdasarkan taksonomi Bloom C1 (pengetahuan) 70%, C2 (pemahaman) 42,44%, C3 (penerapan) 35,83%, C4 (analisis) 18,33%, dan tidak terdapat soal C5 dan C6.

 
Kata Kunci: kualitas, butir soal, analisis.
KEMAMPUAN PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE CALON GURU BIOLOGI MENYUSUN RPP PADA PRAKTIK MICROTEACHING
Authors: Ariyati Eka
Published: November 2019

Salah satu faktor pendukung keberhasilan kegiatan pembelajaran adalah adanya guru. Oleh karenanya mahasiswa calon guru harus dilatihkan kemampuan Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan PCK calon guru Biologi dalam menyusun RPP pada praktik pembelajaran mikro (microteaching). Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa calon guru Biologi Prodi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Untan TA 2016/2017 yang sedang praktik microteaching berjumlah 8 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan dokumentasi RPP yang telah dibuat oleh mahasiswa calon guru biologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan PCK mahasiswa calon guru biologi dalam menyusun RPP termasuk kategori baik dengan nilai rata-rata kemampuan CK sebesar 70,83% (baik), kemampuan PK sebesar 75,70% (baik), dan kemampuan PCK sebesar 66,67% (baik).

Kata Kunci: pedagogical content knowledge, RPP, microteaching.
ANALISIS PENGARUH TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP TINDAKAN SWAMEDIKASI DIARE AKUT DI KECAMATAN PONTIANAK TIMUR
Authors: Robiyanto Robiyanto , Rosmimi Monika , Untari Eka Kartika
Published: November 2019

Penelitian bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh karakteristik meliputi usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, dan pendidikan terhadap tindakan swamedikasi diare akut; dan (2) Menganalisis pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan terhadap tindakan swamedikasi diare akut pada masyarakat yang tinggal di Kecamatan Pontianak Timur. Penelitian tergolong penelitian observasional dengan rancangan penelitian potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode quota sampling dengan jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 60 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan penyebaran kuesioner. Uji statistik data menggunakan chi square test. Kesimpulan dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Usia dan pendidikan memiliki pengaruh terhadap pengetahuan swamedikasi; dan (2) Tingkat pengetahuan responden ternyata  berpengaruh terhadap tindakan swamedikasi diare akut.

Kata Kunci: diare akut, swamedikasi, tingkat pengetahuan.
ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHA SAPI PERAH DENGAN CARA BAGI HASIL (Paro) DI PETERNAK
Authors: Rusdiana Supardi
Published: November 2019

The study was conducted in Cikoneng Village, Pasirjambu Subdistrict, West Bandung Regency, Bandung West Java Province in 2018. The study used a survey of 27 dairy farmers in a way to share the results (Paro). Primary data and secondary data were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and economic analysis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial economy of dairy cattle business by means of profit sharing (Paro) in farmers. The results of the study show that milk production of dairy cows produced by farmers every day is an average of 14.12 liters/day. Production costs for dairy cattle business are IDR.300.317.000 /year. The results of the calculation of breeder labor with the amount of labor costs amounting to IDR.5.635.000/year or 276.75/Hok/year.The advantages of farmer IDR 2.187.808/month with B/C of 2.3. Dairy cows belonging to farmers and property owned by investors are still maintained by the dignitaries, as investments, to produce calves and milk production. Economically, the financial value of B/C >1, or the business of dairy cows for profit sharing (Paro), can continue the business.
ANALISIS PENYUSUNAN ANGGARAN BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL (STUDI KASUS PADA CV. PUTRA MATARAM WONOMULYO KABUPATEN POLEWALI MANDAR)
Authors: M Nuraeni , Ananda Aprilia Widy
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara penyusunan anggaran biaya produksi yang dilakukan oleh CV. Putra Mataram menurut kajian teori yang digunakan sebagai alat pengendalian internal. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik kesesuaian penyusunan anggaran biaya produksi CV. Putra Mataram pada tahun 2019 yaitu dengan cara membandingkan antara penyusunan anggaran biaya produksi menurut perusahaan dengan kajian teori. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data bahwa penyusunan anggaran biaya produksi yang dibuat oleh CV. Putra Mataram tahun 2019 belum sesuai. Hal itu terlihat dari ketidaksamaan prosedur antara rencana produksi dan rencana penjualan. Selain itu, CV. Putra Mataram tidak menyusun anggaran biaya produksi yang terdiri dari anggaran biaya bahan baku, anggaran biaya tenaga kerja langsung dan anggaran biaya overhead pabrik ke dalam penyusunan anggaran biaya produksi perusahaan. Dengan demikian anggaran biaya produksi tersebut belum menjamin terkendalinya biaya pada proses produksi.
Cryopreserved human umbilical cord versus acellular dermal matrix patches for in utero fetal spina bifida repair in a pregnant rat model
Authors: Mann Lovepreet K. , Won Jong H. , Trenton Nicholaus J. , Garnett Jeannine , Snowise Saul , Fletcher Stephen A. , Tseng Scheffer C. G. , Diehl Michael R. , Papanna Ramesha
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

Despite significant improvement in spinal cord function after in utero spina bifida (SB) repair compared with traditional postnatal repair, over half of the children who undergo this procedure do not benefit completely. This lack of benefit has been attributed to closure methods of the defect, with subsequent spinal cord tethering at the repair site. Hence, a regenerative patch or material with antiinflammatory and anti-scarring properties may alleviate comorbidities with improved outcomes. The authors’ primary objective was therefore to compare cryopreserved human umbilical cord (HUC) versus acellular dermal matrix (ADM) patches for regenerative repair of in utero SB lesions in an animal model.

METHODS

In vivo studies were conducted in retinoic acid–induced SB defects in fetuses of Sprague-Dawley rats. HUC or ADM patches were sutured over the SB defects at a gestational age of 20 days. Repaired SB defect tissues were harvested after 48–52 hours. Tissue sections were immunofluorescently stained for the presence of neutrophils, macrophages, keratinocytes, meningeal cells, and astrocytes and for any associated apoptosis. In vitro meningeal or keratinocyte cell coculture experiments with the ADM and HUC patches were performed. All experiments were scored quantitatively in a blinded manner.

RESULTS

Neutrophil counts and apoptotic cells were lower in the HUC-based repair group (n = 8) than in the ADM patch repair group (n = 7). In the HUC patch repair group, keratinocytes were present on the outer surface of the patch, meningeal cells were present on the inner surface of the patch adjacent to the neural placode, and astrocytes were noted to be absent. In the ADM patch repair group, all 3 cell types were present on both surfaces of the patch. In vitro studies showed that human meningeal cells grew preferentially on the mesenchymal side of the HUC patch, whereas keratinocytes showed tropism for the epithelial side, suggesting an inherent HUC-based cell polarity. In contrast, the ADM patch studies showed no polarity and decreased cellular infiltration.

CONCLUSIONS

The HUC patch demonstrated reduced acute inflammation and apoptosis together with superior organization in regenerative cellular growth when compared with the ADM patch, and is therefore likely the better patch material for in utero SB defect repair. These properties may make the HUC biomaterial useful as a “meningeal patch” during spinal cord surgeries, thereby potentially reducing tethering and improving on spinal cord function.
Gunshot wounds to the head: racial disparities in inpatient management and outcomes
Authors: Chiu Ryan G. , Fuentes Angelica M. , Mehta Ankit I.
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVE

Several studies have indicated that racial disparities may exist in the management and outcomes of acute trauma care. One segment of trauma care that has not been as extensively investigated, however, is that of cranial trauma care. The goal of this study was to determine whether significant differences exist among racial and ethnic groups in various measures of inpatient management and outcomes after gunshot wounds to the head (GWH).

METHODS

In this study, the authors used the Nationwide (National) Inpatient Sample (NIS) to investigate all-cause mortality, receipt of surgery, days from admission to initial intervention, discharge disposition, length of hospital stay, and total hospital charges of those with GWH from 2012 to 2016. A 1:1 propensity score–matched analysis was conducted to evaluate the effect of race on these endpoints, while controlling for baseline demographics and comorbidities.

RESULTS

A total of 333 patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria: 148 (44.44%) white/Caucasian, 123 (36.94%) black/African American, 54 (16.22%) Hispanic/Latinx, and 8 (2.40%) Asian. African American patients were sent to immediate care and rehabilitation significantly less often than Caucasian patients (RR 0.17 [95% CI 0.04–0.71]). There were no significant differences in mortality, length of stay, rates of surgical intervention, or total hospital charges among any of the racial groups.

CONCLUSIONS

The authors’ findings suggest that racial disparities in inpatient cranial trauma care and outcomes may not be as prevalent as previously thought. In fact, the disparities seen were only in disposition. More research is needed to further elucidate and address disparities within this population, particularly those that may exist prior to, and after, hospitalization.
Spontaneous spinal CSF–venous fistulas associated with venous/venolymphatic vascular malformations: report of 3 cases
Authors: Schievink Wouter I. , Maya Marcel M. , Moser Franklin G. , Tuchman Alexander , Cruz Rachelle B. , Farb Richard I. , Rebello Ryan , Reddy Kesava , Prasad Ravi S.
Published: November 2019

Spontaneous CSF–venous fistulas may be present in up to one-fourth of patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. This is a recently discovered type of CSF leak, and much remains unknown about these fistulas. Spinal CSF–venous fistulas are usually seen in coexistence with a spinal meningeal diverticulum, suggesting the presence of an underlying structural dural weakness at the proximal portion of the fistula. The authors now report the presence of soft-tissue venous/venolymphatic malformations associated with spontaneous spinal CSF–venous fistulas in 2 patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension, suggesting a role for distal venous pathology. In a third patient with spontaneous intracranial hypotension and a venolymphatic malformation, such a CSF–venous fistula is strongly suspected.
Interaction of water hyacinth with biotic and abiotic factor and the biological agents efficiencies in its control in Winam gulf, lake Victoria Kenya
Authors: OTIENO DENNIS , Owage Dickson , Ouko John , Achiya James , Mwanchi Josephat
Published: November 2019

Lake Victoria just like many lakes across the world is effected with water hyacinth which resides in several bays for the better part of the year thus affect several economic activities of the locals and denies the government revenue every year from blue economic activities related to the lake. This paper explores the Interaction of water hyacinth with biotic and a biotic factor and the efficiency of the introduced biological agents (Neochetina eichhorniae and N. bruchi) in its control with an aim of advising on the best way to tackle the menace of the weed. Water quality samples were collected and compared from the time of water hyacinth arrival and sinking within winum gulf, this was divided in three phase, the hyacinth was collected and damages resulting from the weevils recorded. Fish samples were also collected using experimental gill nets and number recorded in Ms excel during the presence and absence of the weed. Water quality was analyzed for ammonium, SRP, nitrates and nitrates using SOP. The weevils were counted manually from each hyacinth collected and the data recorded. Data was then analyzed using R-data analysis at P<0.05 and post hock test to determine significance where applicable. Results indicated that the weevils inhibits nutrient uptake by17% within four weeks, hyacinth increase the nutrient levels in the gulf almost three fold after decaying and sinking and a notable interaction with biotic and a biota factor was also recorded. In conclusion water hyacinth impacts both biotic and a biotic factor and the weevils alone can not be depended upon to eradicate the weed.
Clinico-Microbiological Profile of Infective Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Eastern India
Authors: Paty Bimoch Projna , Maitreyi Tadepalli , Padhi Sanghamitra , Parida Banojini
Published: November 2019

Background: Infective Keratitis (Microbial Keratitis) is an infection of the cornea caused by a wide spectrum of microbial agents. Its main clinical presentation is a Corneal ulcer that is defined as a Loss of corneal epithelium with infiltration and suppuration of the underlying stroma. According to the World health organization (WHO), corneal diseases are among the major causes of vision loss and blindness in the world today, second only to cataract in overall importance. Aim: To isolate and identify the pathogenic organism Method: The study was conducted in 45 patients diagnosed with corneal ulcer attending Ophthalmology OPD, MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur over a period of 2 months. The material was scraped from the leading edge and base of the ulcer and was inoculated onto Blood agar, Mac Conkey agar and Sabouraud Dextrose agar for culture and onto 2 slides for Gram’s stain and 10% KOH wet mount. The antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Results: Out of a total of 45 patients, 35were males. The majority of the patients belonged to the age group of 50-60 years. Pain, Redness, Hypopyon was most commonly seen in Bacterial keratitis. In Fungal Keratitis, Redness (80%), Blurred vision (80%) was seen. The most common occupation was Farmers (66.6%). Trauma was the most common risk factor (23 isolates). The majority were bacterial isolates (29 isolates, 64.4%) followed by fungal (5 isolates, 11.1%). The predominant isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (68.9%). Staphylococcus aureus showed 70% sensitivity to Moxifloxacin and 65% sensitivity to Gentamycin. Conclusion:  Knowledge of the local prevalence of etiological agents of IK and their susceptibility patterns helps in guiding ophthalmologists to select appropriate antibiotic for empirical therapy.
SUBLINGUAL VITAMIN D3 DRUG THERAPY IN VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY PATIENTS AT PRAVARA RURAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Goud T Sanjeeva Kumar , Kunkulol Rahul
Published: November 2019

The present study was aimed to study the effect of Sublingual Vitamin D3 on Serum Vitamin D level in Vitamin D deficiency patients. This was a cross-sectional and interventional study. All the Vitamin D deficiency patients of age 18-60years and either gender, willing to participate in the study were included. Patients who had greater than 20 ng/ml were excluded from the study. The total number of participants in our study was 200, out of these 111 males and 89 females, the mean age in our study was 51.07 ± 7.39Yrs. All volunteers were given sublingual vitamin D3 (60,000IU) in six doses every fifteen days of follow up for 3 months. The subject’s serum 25(OH)D levels were estimated before and after the treatment of sublingual vitamin D3. There was a statistically significant difference in serum vitamin D3 level before 16.61±6.71 ng/ml and after 35.80±7.80 ng/ml after treatment with Sublingual Vitamin D3. Six doses of 60,000IU of Vitamin D3 sublingual route having improved the role of serum 25(OH)D levels in the treatment of Vitamin D3 deficiency patients.Keywords: Vitamin D3; Sublingual route
Aesthetics of Humanitarian Online Course
Authors: Robotova A. S.
Published: November 2019

This material is the last text of Prof. A.S. Robotova received by the Editor. The text is theses to a possible article on her favorite humanitarian topic. The paper addresses the issues of the specific of online humanitarian text. The resources of online course may be found in the common for teacher and students time-space context, their emotional and cognitive affinity. The author believes that special attentions should be paid to composition and semantic expressiveness of the content. It may be reached by intellectual tension, clash of texts, facts and data, which switches on the mechanism of internal dialogue and activates student’s interest.
Academic Writing for Publication Purposes: The Infelicities of Style
Authors: Dobrynina O. L.
Published: November 2019

Low level of literacy of students, postgraduate students and university staff results in infelicities of style in Russian scientific papers and abstracts that might lead to manuscript rejection for publication in international journals. The author addresses the task of readability improvement of abstracts and scientific papers written by university staff members from technical and natural sciences departments. Sentence and text readability is determined not only by the number of words, i.e. the length of a sentence but also by the sentence structure and its grammar and lexical structure. The infelicities of style are caused by differences in scientific discourse between Russian and English languages. In particular, these might be nominalization, complex sentence structure, and wide use of Passive Voice in Russian sentences. Bilingual education is considered as the process of trainees’ introduction to the English-speaking world culture based upon matching Russian and English stylistic features. As the result the trainees realize the necessity of pre-translation adaptation of their texts. The author suggests some ways of pre-translation preparation of a sentence: shortening the sentence length up to 10-20 words by eliminating non-informative words and splitting a complex sentence into two or three according to the rule: one idea = one sentence. Some examples illustrate how chains of nouns in the genitive case could be substituted with other structures. Special attention is paid to parallel structures usage and eliminating non-informative words. In this way Russian authors will be able to write concise and clear texts in Russian and English in accordance with the accepted international language conventions.
Teaching Academic English to Russian-speaking Academic Staff: The Case of the Office of Academic Writing
Authors: Chernysheva M. A. , Kozlova A. O. , Donova E. V.
Published: November 2019

The paper discusses the preliminary results of teaching academic writing to scientific and academic staff at South Ural State University (national research university) within the framework of advanced training courses. The 36 and 72-hour training programs were developed by the academic and methodological department of the Office of Academic Writing. The Office was opened at the university in 2016 in order to improve the academic literacy of the university’s academic staff, develop professional communication skills in English, and assist authors who aspire to get their papers published in top rated scientific journals indexed in the scientific citation databases Scopus and Web of Science. Upon completion of these programs, authors of scientific papers gain knowledge about the basics of academic writing, the structure of a scientific paper, the English scientific style and its lexical and grammatical features, as well as editing a paper, working with scientific citation databases, and elaborating a publishing strategy. We conducted a study from October 2016 to December 2018 and calculated data on the attendees’ affiliation (an institute or higher school), the contingent (position), and the importance of the offered training programs (the number of attendees in each course). The obtained data indicates that representatives of social-humanitarian and technical fields show a special interest in the courses. The courses of academic writing are most popular among associate professors who have experience in publishing papers in Russian. Authors are especially interested in intensive practice-oriented programs. Upon completion of the courses and with the support of the Office of Academic Writing, attendees prepared scientific texts in English and submitted them to top rated journals and conference proceedings. The educational activity of the Office of Academic Writing can be developed through elaboration and implementation of new advanced training programs, including the distance ones. Their effectiveness will be evaluated by an increase in the publication activity of the university’s employees.
How Russian Doctoral Education Fulfills Its Main Mission: Scientometric Assessments (Article 2)
Authors: Bednyi B. I. , Mironos A. A. , Rybakov N. V.
Published: November 2019

Change management in the field of training and certification of academic personnel implies a reliable information support in the form of statistical and sociological data that enable the monitoring of the effectiveness of the institution of doctoral education. The current system for monitoring the activities of doctoral schools does not fully meet these requirements, thus making it difficult to assess objectively the implementation of doctoral education’s main function – the training of researchers and faculty for higher education. The article attempts to fill this information lacuna by presenting an analysis of the database created by the authors which contains information about the defense of dissertations and research results of PhD students who graduated in 2013 from nine Russian universities over the five-year period after their graduation (N = 1178). Information on the results of each graduate’s research activities was obtained from open sources: the portal of the Higher Attestation Commission, the electronic catalog of the Russian State Library, Scopus and eLibrary.ru databases, as well as the database of the Industrial Property Institute. As a result of our research, it was established that the actual timeframe of doctoral students’ advancement to their academic degree is determined by discipline-related factors. In the sample as a whole, the share of persons who defended their dissertations was 45% of the total number of graduates, which is 1.7 times higher than the share of graduates who defended their dissertations in the course of their studies at the doctoral school. Approximately 90% of graduates defend their dissertations no later than two years after graduation from the doctoral school. The quantitative data of doctoral school graduates’ retention in the academic field are given, with the breakdown by discipline. On average, more than 60% of Candidate of Sciences degree holders continue their careers in academic positions. The obtained data on Russian doctoral school graduates are in good agreement with the results of monitoring doctoral programs’ graduates in Europe and the USA. The results of this work make it possible to take a fresh look at the methodology for diagnosing the effectiveness of university doctoral schools.