bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stimulant Use for ADHD in a Cardiac Transplant Recipient: A Case Report
Authors: Iverson Olivia , Sinha Shirshendu , Schneekloth Terry , Hardaway Brian , Martin Kari
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant used as first-line treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). CNS stimulant use is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events such as increased resting heart rate and blood pressure, sudden cardiac death, arrhythmia, and stroke. Its safety profile in recipients of cardiovascular transplants is unknown, and more research is warranted to determine the risk of adverse cardiac events due to stimulant medication in this population.

Methods

Clinical case report, n=1

Results/Clinical Case

A 19-year-old female with a history of restrictive cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, and orthotopic cardiac transplant has been treated with methylphenidate for ADHD for approximately 2 years without incident. The patient was diagnosed with ADHD between the ages of 8 and 10 and historically was treated with stimulant medication. At age 13, she experienced a cardiac arrest after a volleyball game with 4–6 minutes of pulselessness. She was successfully resuscitated and underwent defibrillator placement. It was concluded that the patient had restrictive cardiomyopathy undetected at birth, leading to the need for orthotopic cardiac transplantation at age 16. After her cardiac arrest, the patient’s memory and cognition worsened, and approximately 1 year after her transplant, she was prescribed amantadine. The patient remained untreated for her ADHD until approximately 1.5 years after her cardiac transplant, at which time she underwent neuropsychological testing that showed findings consistent with attention deficit disorder, and was restarted on stimulant medication. Her transplant cardiologist and psychiatrist have collaborated in her ongoing treatment with methylphenidate 40 mg daily and monitoring symptom response and cardiac stability. Because the patient had previously been stable on stimulant medication for many years, it is reasonable to conclude that stimulant medication did not lead to her cardiac arrest. The patient reports that methylphenidate has been helpful in improving her functioning as a college student, through reduction of her ADHD symptoms. The patient’s blood pressure and heart rate remain within an acceptable range and she has not experienced any adverse cardiac events to date while taking methylphenidate.

Conclusion

This case sheds light on the potential to treat cardiac transplant recipients with stimulant medication for ADHD. Although a careful evaluation of risk factors must be undertaken in cooperation with cardiology and other specialists, a role exists for the safe use of stimulant medications in the cardiac transplant population.

Funding

No Funding
A Review of Current Strategies in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia: Considering Paliperidone Palmitate LAI With and Without Olanzapine as an Alternative to Clozapine
Authors: Malik Raghav , Zaidi Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Background

Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness that affects patient’s function and quality of life. Estimates indicate a lifetime prevalence of 0.48%, causing up to 13.4 million years of life burdened by disability. 30% of these patients are deemed as having treatment-resident schizophrenia (TRS), a subset of which do not respond to clozapine, the medication designated for TRS. Those that do not respond to clozapine are deemed to have clozapine-resistant schizophrenia (CRS), requiring further augmentation or multiple antipsychotics.

Current limitations

Clozapine only has limited formulations available (oral [PO] and dissolving [ODT]) and has a substantial side effect burden. Most serious among these side effects includes agranulocytosis, which in some cases can cause severe infections such as septicemia. Regular blood draws monitoring for this are vital to prevent this dangerous consequence, but place further burden on patients, requiring weekly to monthly lab work and visits. Other common and burdensome side effects include tachycardia, hypotension, sialorrhea, weight gain, and metabolic syndrome, to name a few. However, treatment for TRS is still needed, and further alternatives must be explored.

Proposed alternatives

Among studies done on clozapine, few compare second-generation antipsychotics head-to-head, and those that do find similar improvement in overall symptom burden among multiple antipsychotics, especially olanzapine and paliperidone (in particular, paliperidone palmitate). Due in part to the improved receptor profile of these medications (especially 5-HT2A, 6, and 7) compared to clozapine, they can have similar or superior effect in patients with TRS without substantial patient side effect and functional burden. Paliperidone palmitate formulations are developing that can be spaced further and further apart, allowing for minimal impact on patient’s livelihood, while demonstrating similar overall effect with improved side effect profile. However, onset of action is slow, and an effective adjunct strategy may be to initially administer olanzapine for the first 6 months until peak effect is expected from paliperidone palmitate, at which point monotherapy with paliperidone is preferred.

Conclusions

Alternative therapies for patients with TRS may be more functional with fewer side effects, and this work indicates a particularly effective strategy may be to pursue paliperidone palmitate monotherapy long-term while utilizing the unique combination of paliperidone and olanzapine in the short-term (first 6 months) while awaiting peak efficacy.

Funding

No Funding
Ketamine in the Treatment of Delusions: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Costa Renzo , Guieb John , Imtiaz Ayyub , Zaidi Muhammad
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Delusions are defined as fixed false beliefs that are not within normal parameters of society, culture, or religion that can be part of psychotic or mood disorders. They can be difficult to treat and, for some inpatient individuals, persistent delusions can make safe discharge impossible. Ketamine is a dissociative agent that has shown promise in treating mood disorders. Despite this, clinicians hesitate to prescribe this when a patient presents with any type of psychotic symptom. There is proof that ketamine is safe to use with psychotic symptoms, and there is growing evidence that it may be a suitable treatment alternative for delusions resistant to other psychopharmacology.

Methods

A literature review using articles from multiple databases was conducted to gather supporting evidence on the use of ketamine in the context of psychosis. Since there has not been a reported conducted study specifically for ketamine and delusions, a look into its use for psychosis was done to find links between the neurobiology of delusions and the mechanism of action of ketamine.

Results

Current literature does not demonstrate that ketamine within a therapeutic setting exacerbates psychotic symptoms in those with depression or bipolar disorder, regardless of the presence of psychotic features, nor does it reveal that predisposed patients experience lasting psychotic effects. Furthermore, although ketamine is often used to model schizophrenia, brain connectivity seen during ketamine-induced delusions is opposite to the connectivity seen in delusions in the context of chronic schizophrenia. Regardless of connectivity patterns, ketamine appears to act upon many of the same mechanisms that underlie delusions. There is evidence delusions are characterized by low belief flexibility, high prediction error, and high aberrant salience. An animal model of stress-induced cognitive dysfunction found that ketamine corrected the cognitive flexibility deficits. Ketamine has been shown to alter prediction error in those suffering from major depressive disorder, resulting in greater optimism bias when patients update maladaptive beliefs post-ketamine administration. In respect to aberrant salience, neural networks affecting this include midbrain dopaminergic neurons and their projections to striatal and frontal cortical regions. Studies have shown this effect was reduced by ketamine-induced plasticity in the orbitofrontal cortex.

Conclusion

Psychotic symptoms may not be an absolute contraindication for ketamine treatment. In fact, ketamine could be beneficial in the treatment of various mental illnesses with psychotic features that are not amenable to classical treatment. The dissociative properties may jump-start treatment while waiting for antipsychotics to work. This could significantly reduce hospital stays, especially for patients in long-term facilities.

Funding

No Funding
Practical Pharmacotherapy for Opioid Use Disorder in the Age of Fentanyl
Authors: Pyo Subin , Kim Jungjin
Published: April 2023

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a serious public health threat. Pharmacotherapy, commonly known as medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD), is established as the cornerstone of OUD treatment. MOUDs reduce likelihood of relapse, promote recovery, and save lives. However, many clinicians are still reluctant to use these medications, in part due to inadequate training and experience. In light of the ongoing opioid overdose epidemic, it has become ever more important for clinicians to confidently and thoughtfully deploy these medications to help patients struggling with OUD. To aid busy clinicians, we have put together a review of the extant literature on three FDA-approved pharmacotherapy options—methadone, buprenorphine, and extended-release naltrexone—with a heavy focus on practical clinical application. We discuss how to effectively engage patients with OUD and initiate them on MOUDs—especially when their primary misused drug is fentanyl. We also review novel strategies, such as buprenorphine microinduction, as well as suggested best practice to effectively transition between MOUDs. Finally, we synthesize our review and recommendations in an algorithmic flowchart to provide visually compelling information.

Funding

No Funding
Who benefits from the social democratic march to the middle?
Authors: Polacko Matthew
Published: April 2023

Social democratic parties have experienced considerable electoral decline recently, which has often been attributed to their rightward policy movement. This paper advances this literature by examining who benefits from this moderation strategy and who is abandoning the social democrats. It does so by analyzing aggregate-level election results and individual-level Comparative Study of Electoral Systems data, on a sample of 21 advanced democracies, over 327 elections, from 1965 to 2019. I find little support for the assertion that social democrats are defecting to one party. However, in agreement with the spatial theory of party competition, results reveal that the radical left increasingly and significantly benefit from social democratic economic rightward positions, which is magnified when combined with rightward sociocultural positions. This predominantly occurs because left-leaning voters migrate to the radical left. The findings provide notable ramifications for party strategy and contribute to explanations for the rise of challenger parties, at the expense of mainstream parties.
Hydrogen and Silicon Effects on Hexagonal Close Packed Fe Alloys at High Pressures: Implications for the Composition of Earth's Inner Core
Authors: Fu Suyu , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Shim Sang‐Heon
Published: April 2023

Hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) structured Fe‐Ni alloy is believed to be the dominant phase in the Earth's inner core. This phase is expected to contain 4%–5% light elements, such as Si and H. While the effects of individual light element candidates on the equation of state (EoS) of the hcp Fe metal have been studied, their combined effects remain largely unexplored. In this study, we report the equations of state for two hcp‐structured Fe‐Si‐H alloys, namely Fe0.83Si0.17H0.07 and Fe0.83Si0.17H0.46, using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements up to 125 GPa at 300 K. These alloys were synthesized by cold compression of Fe‐9wt%Si in either pure H2 or Ar‐H2 mixture medium in diamond‐anvil cells. The volume increase caused by a H atom in hcp Fe‐Si‐H alloys is approximately eight times greater than that by a Si atom. We used the improved data set to develop a composition‐dependent EoS that covers a wide range of compositions. Our calculated density and bulk sound velocity of hcp Fe‐Si‐H alloys suggest a large trade‐off between Si and H contents in fitting the seismic properties of the inner core. Combining our new EoS with geophysical and geochemical constraints, we propose 1.6–3 wt% Si and 0.15–0.6 wt% H in the Earth's inner core.
Projected 21st Century Wind‐Wave Climate of Bass Strait and South‐East Australia: Comparison of EC‐Earth3 and ACCESS‐CM2 Climate Model Forcing
Authors: Liu Jin , Meucci Alberto , Young Ian R.
Published: April 2023

This study analyses the past and future wave climate of Bass Strait and south‐east Australia by comparing two high‐resolution regional wave climate models (RWCMs), respectively forced by the surface wind speed of EC‐Earth3 and ACCESS‐CM2 global circulation models (GCMs) under two emission scenarios (SSP1‐2.6 and SSP5‐8.5). The two RWCMs are verified against long‐term buoy and satellite observations as well as hindcast model data. The comparison with long‐term satellite altimeter observations shows good agreement between the long‐term model climate and the observations. Both RWCMs project a future increase in swell, approaching the coast of Tasmania and mainland Australia, generated from distant storms in the Southern Ocean. However, different projected wave height spatial distributions are found in the coastal regions, affected by local synoptic weather events and by the coarse resolution of the GCMs winds. We also show that the long‐term wave climate in the domain is impacted by the Southern Annular Mode. As low‐pressure systems are projected to move southward, especially in the SSP5‐8.5 scenario, the swells approaching south‐east Australia are projected to be longer and more energetic in the future. The combination of more energetic swell systems and a counterclockwise rotation in peak wave direction, projected by both RWCMs, may influence the coastal equilibrium, impacting critical coastal locations.
Seasonal Dynamics of Primary Production in the Southeastern Bering Sea Assessed Using Continuous Temporal and Vertical Dissolved Oxygen and Chlorophyll‐a Measurements
Authors: Nielsen Jens M. , Pelland Noel A. , Bell Shaun W. , Lomas Michael W. , Eisner Lisa B. , Stabeno Phyllis , Harpold Colleen , Stalin Scott , Mordy Calvin W.
Published: April 2023

The Bering Sea and other high‐latitude systems are experiencing unprecedented changes related to climate warming and the consequent loss of sea ice. Understanding how such changes influence primary production is a pressing question. Here, we quantify primary production rates in the southeastern Bering Sea over 4 years (2016–2019) at daily to weekly time resolution. A moored high‐resolution Profiling Crawler was used in combination with in situ sampling to collect physical and biological data in the ocean's upper 50 m. We used dissolved oxygen (O2) data to estimate gross and net primary production (NPP), and chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a), temperature, and irradiance data to model NPP rates. We then assessed seasonal variation in phytoplankton production rates, phytoplankton community growth rates () and explored to what extent summer phytoplankton community growth rates may be influenced by nitrogen limitation. Our analyses revealed that the majority of gross primary production (GPP) and net community production occurs in association with the spring phytoplankton bloom. After the bloom, the water column generally experienced low GPP and net biological carbon consumption. Phytoplankton growth rates were commonly suppressed in late summer due to apparent nitrogen depletion. Using high temporal resolution vertically resolved measurements of O2 and Chl‐a, our analyses provides important insight into how biogeochemical cycles, phytoplankton community growth rates, and carbon available for export vary seasonally in the southeastern Bering Sea.
Strong Anthropogenic Cloud Perturbations Can Persist for Multiple Days
Authors: Toll V. , Rahu J.
Published: April 2023

Using geostationary satellite data, we show that strong cloud perturbations downwind of isolated continental anthropogenic aerosol sources can live for multiple days, and 7% of tracks live longer than 48 hr. The median lifetime for polluted cloud tracks in Eastern Europe studied using Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager data is 18 hr but shows a strongly skewed distribution toward longer lifetimes. This suggests that ship‐track‐like cloud perturbations help infer causal relationships between aerosols and clouds. Strong anthropogenic cloud perturbations are usually visible until favorable liquid‐water low‐level clouds exist. Only in 12% of cases do liquid‐phase stratiform clouds persist, but tracks disappear. Longer‐lived tracks occur in anticyclonic conditions, and in case of statically very stable lower troposphere and low relative humidity above clouds.
Using the Global Navigation Satellite System and Precipitation Data to Establish the Propagation Characteristics of Meteorological and Hydrological Drought in Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhu Hai , Chen Kejie , Hu Shunqiang , Liu Junguo , Shi Haiyun , Wei Guoguang , Chai Haishan , Li Jiafeng , Wang Tan
Published: April 2023

Analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics and evolution of meteorological and hydrological droughts can reproduce the process of drought propagation, which helps reduce the impact of droughts and improve water resources management. While emerging studies have attempted to build drought severity index based on the cutting‐edge space geodetic observations, few have focused the propagation characteristics of meteorological to hydrological drought using geodetic data. In this paper, using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observations together with precipitation data, we systematically investigated drought propagation in the Yunnan province, Southwest China. We first identified seven meteorological and seven hydrological droughts in Yunnan from January 2011 to May 2021, and the meteorological drought was mainly concentrated in northern Yunnan lasting for 1–11 months. By contrast, hydrological droughts were more severe and larger than meteorological droughts, lasting for 2–16 months. The drought propagation time was 2–7 months, short in the southwest but long in the northeast. Water vapor, precipitation, and water storage demonstrated a spatiotemporal pattern of uneven distribution, with the red river fault (RRF) as the boundary, and their phase difference also presented notable regional differences, indicating that the RRF not only influences spatial variation of water resources but also affects drought propagation.
Assimilating Low‐Cost High‐Frequency Sensor Data in Watershed Water Quality Modeling: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Han Feng , Hu Zhaoping , Chen Nengwang , Wang Yao , Jiang Jiping , Zheng Yi
Published: April 2023

Uncertainty reduction in watershed water quality (WWQ) modeling remains a major challenge. One important reason is the lack of sufficient available water quality observations because traditional laboratory analysis of water samples has high labor, financial and time costs. Low‐cost high‐frequency water quality data from in‐situ sensors provide an opportunity to solve this problem. However, long‐term sensing in complex natural environments usually suffers more significant errors. This study aimed to develop a novel method to utilize in‐situ sensor data in WWQ modeling, namely, the Bayesian calibration using multisource observations (BCMSO), which can simultaneously assimilate laboratory‐based observations and in‐situ sensor data. Both synthetic and real‐world cases of nitrate modeling were used to demonstrate the methodology, and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool was employed as the WWQ model. The results indicated that direct assimilation of sensor data using traditional Bayesian calibration generated obvious deviations in parameter inference and model simulation, which could consequently bias future predictions and affect management decision correctness. However, after proper treatment of errors in sensor data, the BCMSO method could extract meaningful information from sensor data and prevent negative impacts of errors. The modeling uncertainty was also greatly reduced. In the real‐world case, with 1 yr of subhourly electrical conductivity sensor data incorporated, the modeling uncertainty of nitrate concentration and management cost of controlling nitrate pollution were reduced by 70%. The BCMSO method provides a flexible framework to accommodate nonconventional observations in environmental modeling and can be easily extended to other modeling fields.
Neural Networks Map the Ebb and Flow of Tiny Ponds
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: April 2023

Ponds play an outsized role in carbon emissions, but their size makes them hard to track. Enter machine learning.
Sex and hypertensive organ damage: stroke
Authors: Dawson Jesse , MacDonald Alexander
Published: April 2023

Stroke is a common cause of death and disability in both men and women. Differences in the incidence, presenting features and outcome after stroke have been reported between men and women. The global lifetime risk of stroke of approximately 25% is similar in men and women, although in women, the first cardiovascular event is more likely to be stroke than in men. Concerningly, there are reports of underuse of some treatments in women, although these differences may be diminishing over time. In addition, there are specific clinical challenges that can arise in women with stroke, such as stroke in people taking hormonal therapy, and stroke during pregnancy and stroke in the post-partum period. This review will cover these areas highlighting important differences and areas for future research. We found there are important differences in incidence of stroke, which differ by age. Further, there is concerning evidence that some treatments such as intravenous thrombolysis are underused in women. While there may be some differences in the relative effectiveness of treatments such as antiplatelet therapy and blood pressure reduction between men and women, for most aspects of stroke care, benefit is clear in both men and women and the emphasis must be on more equitable access. There is limited evidence to inform decision making during pregnancy and the post-partum period, but guidelines now exist and further research is needed in these areas.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy and the role of advanced practice providers and pharmacists
Authors: Mahmoudjafari Zahra , Alencar Maritza C. , Alexander Maurice D. , Johnson Darren J. , Yeh Jason , Evans Misty D.
Published: April 2023

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA) is a severe and potentially life-threatening complication. HSCT-TMA is often underdiagnosed due to multifactorial pathophysiology and a historic lack of standard diagnostic criteria. Identification of the multi-hit hypothesis and the key role of the complement system, particularly the lectin pathway of complement, has led to development of treatments targeting the underlying pathogenesis of HSCT-TMA. Additional research is ongoing to investigate the efficacy and safety of these targeted therapies in patients with HSCT-TMA. Advanced practice providers (APPs; nurse practitioners and physician assistants) and pharmacists are critical members of the multidisciplinary HSCT team and ensure management of patients throughout the continuum of care. Additionally, pharmacists and APPs can improve patient care through medication management of complex regimens; transplant education for patients, staff, and trainees; evidence-based protocol and clinical guideline development; assessment and reporting of transplant-related outcomes; and quality improvement initiatives to improve outcomes. Understanding the presentation, prognosis, pathophysiology, and treatment options for HSCT-TMA can improve each of these efforts.
A quantitative systems pharmacology model of the pathophysiology and treatment of COVID-19 predicts optimal timing of pharmacological interventions
Authors: Rao Rohit , Musante Cynthia J. , Allen Richard
Published: April 2023

A quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model of the pathogenesis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection can streamline and accelerate the development of novel medicines to treat COVID-19. Simulation of clinical trials allows in silico exploration of the uncertainties of clinical trial design and can rapidly inform their protocols. We previously published a preliminary model of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. To further our understanding of COVID-19 and treatment, we significantly updated the model by matching a curated dataset spanning viral load and immune responses in plasma and lung. We identified a population of parameter sets to generate heterogeneity in pathophysiology and treatment and tested this model against published reports from interventional SARS-CoV-2 targeting mAb and antiviral trials. Upon generation and selection of a virtual population, we match both the placebo and treated responses in viral load in these trials. We extended the model to predict the rate of hospitalization or death within a population. Via comparison of the in silico predictions with clinical data, we hypothesize that the immune response to virus is log-linear over a wide range of viral load. To validate this approach, we show the model matches a published subgroup analysis, sorted by baseline viral load, of patients treated with neutralizing Abs. By simulating intervention at different time points post infection, the model predicts efficacy is not sensitive to interventions within five days of symptom onset, but efficacy is dramatically reduced if more than five days pass post symptom onset prior to treatment.
Dabrafenib plus trametinib in BRAFV600E-mutated rare cancers: the phase 2 ROAR trial
Authors: Subbiah Vivek , Kreitman Robert J. , Wainberg Zev A. , Gazzah Anas , Lassen Ulrik , Stein Alexander , Wen Patrick Y. , Dietrich Sascha , de Jonge Maja J. A. , Blay Jean-Yves , Italiano Antoine , Yonemori Kan , Cho Daniel C. , de Vos Filip Y. F. L. , Moreau Philippe , Fernandez Elena Elez , Schellens Jan H. M. , Zielinski Christoph C. , Redhu Suman , Boran Aislyn , Passos Vanessa Q. , Ilankumaran Palanichamy , Bang Yung-Jue
Published: April 2023

BRAFV600E alterations are prevalent across multiple tumors. Here we present final efficacy and safety results of a phase 2 basket trial of dabrafenib (BRAF kinase inhibitor) plus trametinib (MEK inhibitor) in eight cohorts of patients with BRAFV600E-mutated advanced rare cancers: anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (n = 36), biliary tract cancer (n = 43), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 1), adenocarcinoma of the small intestine (n = 3), low-grade glioma (n = 13), high-grade glioma (n = 45), hairy cell leukemia (n = 55) and multiple myeloma (n = 19). The primary endpoint of investigator-assessed overall response rate in these cohorts was 56%, 53%, 0%, 67%, 54%, 33%, 89% and 50%, respectively. Secondary endpoints were median duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Median DoR was 14.4 months, 8.9 months, not reached, 7.7 months, not reached, 31.2 months, not reached and 11.1 months, respectively. Median PFS was 6.7 months, 9.0 months, not reached, not evaluable, 9.5 months, 5.5 months, not evaluable and 6.3 months, respectively. Median OS was 14.5 months, 13.5 months, not reached, 21.8 months, not evaluable, 17.6 months, not evaluable and 33.9 months, respectively. The most frequent (≥20% of patients) treatment-related adverse events were pyrexia (40.8%), fatigue (25.7%), chills (25.7%), nausea (23.8%) and rash (20.4%). The encouraging tumor-agnostic activity of dabrafenib plus trametinib suggests that this could be a promising treatment approach for some patients with BRAFV600E-mutated advanced rare cancers. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT02034110.
Fluid–structure interaction modelling of a positive-displacement Total Artificial Heart
Authors: Bornoff Joseph , Najar Azad , Fresiello Libera , Finocchiaro Thomas , Perkins Ina Laura , Gill Harinderjit , Cookson Andrew N. , Fraser Katharine H.
Published: April 2023

For those suffering from end-stage biventricular heart failure, and where a heart transplantation is not a viable option, a Total Artificial Heart (TAH) can be used as a bridge to transplant device. The Realheart TAH is a four-chamber artificial heart that uses a positive-displacement pumping technique mimicking the native heart to produce pulsatile flow governed by a pair of bileaflet mechanical heart valves. The aim of this work was to create a method for simulating haemodynamics in positive-displacement blood pumps, using computational fluid dynamics with fluid–structure interaction to eliminate the need for pre-existing in vitro valve motion data, and then use it to investigate the performance of the Realheart TAH across a range of operating conditions. The device was simulated in Ansys Fluent for five cycles at pumping rates of 60, 80, 100 and 120 bpm and at stroke lengths of 19, 21, 23 and 25 mm. The moving components of the device were discretised using an overset meshing approach, a novel blended weak–strong coupling algorithm was used between fluid and structural solvers, and a custom variable time stepping scheme was used to maximise computational efficiency and accuracy. A two-element Windkessel model approximated a physiological pressure response at the outlet. The transient outflow volume flow rate and pressure results were compared against in vitro experiments using a hybrid cardiovascular simulator and showed good agreement, with maximum root mean square errors of 15% and 5% for the flow rates and pressures respectively. Ventricular washout was simulated and showed an increase as cardiac output increased, with a maximum value of 89% after four cycles at 120 bpm 25 mm. Shear stress distribution over time was also measured, showing that no more than $$4.5\times 10^{-4}$$

4.5
×

10

-
4

% of the total volume exceeded 150 Pa at a cardiac output of 7 L/min. This study showed this model to be both accurate and robust across a wide range of operating points, and will enable fast and effective future studies to be undertaken on current and future generations of the Realheart TAH.
The effects of age, size, and cage complexity on the behaviour of farmed female chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera)
Authors: Łapiński Stanisław , Niedbała Piotr , Markowska Katarzyna , Rutkowska Agnieszka , Lis Marcin W.
Published: April 2023

Even though chinchillas have been farmed for a century, there are not many studies concerning their behaviour in captivity or their optimal housing conditions, both of which are important factors in the assessment of their welfare. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different cage types on chinchillas’ behaviour and their reactions towards humans. Female chinchillas (n = 12) were kept in three types of cages: standard with a wire floor (S); standard with a deep litter floor of shavings (SR); and enlarged with a deep litter floor of shavings (LR). Animals spent 11 weeks in each type of cage. The chinchillas’ reactions toward humans were observed via intruder test. Ethograms were prepared based on round-the-clock video recordings. The activity of the chinchillas was compared, taking into account the different cage types and the animals’ varying responses to the hand test. The generalized ordered logistic regression model was used to ascertain whether cage type has an effect on a chinchilla’s behaviour towards humans. To compare the time distribution of various activity between chinchillas, the non-parametric Scheirer–Ray–Hare test was used. Animals kept in LR cages presented significantly less timid reactions in comparison to those kept in S and SR cages. The chinchillas spent most of their time resting (68% of the day), in locomotion (23%), and eating or drinking (8%); they spent only 1% on grooming behaviour. Cage enrichment generally reduced the fear of humans. However, the average chinchilla response to the hand test was classified in each type of cage as “cautious”. Analyses of the ethograms indicated that the chinchillas were active mostly during the dark stage of the day. In conclusion, the larger cage size and its enrichment (particularly litter) reduced the fearfulness and passivity of the animals, which could be evidence of better welfare conditions.
Charge transfer driving interfacial reconstructions in perovskite oxide heterostructures
Authors: Li Yao , Hou Pengxiang , Xi Zhongnan , Xu Yeming , Liu Yiren , Tian Hao , Li Jiayi , Yang Yurong , Deng Yu , Wu Di
Published: April 2023

Charge transfer in perovskite oxide heterostructures could break the delicate balance among charge, spin, orbital and lattice order at the interface, producing exotic phenomena that cannot be observed in bulk materials. Here, opposite interfacial charge transfer directions are observed in SrIrO3/NdNiO3 and SrIrO3/LaNiO3 3d/5d perovskite heterostructures. This is accompanied with an inverse change of Ni eg orbital polarization and Ni-O pd hybridization across the interface, by stretching/compressing the out-of-plane Ni-O bond in the opposite internal electrical field due to the opposite electron transfer direction. These interfacial reconstructions finally bring about a manipulation on the transport and magnetic characteristics. This work reveals that A site cation in perovskite heterostructures could be a knob to control the interfacial charge transfer direction, and the 3d/5d perovskite interfaces are excellent platform to study the complex interplay between various order parameters and stimulate novel interfacial effects.
Chirality Sensing with UV-visible Absorbance, Fluorescence, and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy
Authors: Howard James R. , Lim Jongdoo , Moor Sarah R. , Anslyn Eric V.
Published: April 2023

Chirality-sensing techniques utilizing UV-visible, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy are discussed in detail. The design strategies, applications, and limitations associated with these techniques are considered, as well as relevant historical details. For fluorescence and circular dichroism, brief introductions to the photophysics enabling sensing using these techniques are provided. Finally, we give a broad overview of the impact of these methods in the context of high-throughput experiments.
Subcellular Compartment-targeting Fluorescent Zn2+ Probes
Authors: Kowada Toshiyuki , Mizukami Shin
Published: April 2023

Zinc homeostasis in cells is tightly regulated by zinc-binding metalloproteins and zinc transporters. Since disruption of zinc homeostasis is associated with various diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and diabetes, investigating its functions and physiological roles is important. One of the powerful methods for visualizing Zn2+ dynamics in a cell is fluorescence imaging because of its high sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Several organelle-targeting fluorescent Zn2+ probes have been developed for imaging intracellular Zn2+ distribution and dynamics. This chapter highlights organelle-targeting small-molecule probes and protein-tag–small-molecule hybrid probes, which are expected to have higher potential for accurately visualizing and quantifying labile Zn2+ at the organelle level.
Aryl glyoxal: a prime synthetic equivalent for multicomponent reactions in the designing of oxygen heterocycles
Authors: Sheikh Abdur Rehman , Arif Anam , Khan Md. Musawwer
Published: April 2023

The category of bifunctional building blocks overrides many others because of their fascinating wide applicability in synthetic chemistry.
Interdiffused thermoplastic urethane-PEDOT:PSS bilayers with superior adhesion properties for high-performance and intrinsically-stretchable organic solar cells
Authors: Lee Jinho , Lee Jin-Woo , Song Hyunggwi , Song Myoung , Park Jinseok , Kim Geon-U , Jeong Dahyun , Kim Taek-Soo , Kim Bumjoon J.
Published: April 2023

Highly efficient (PCE = 13.1%) and stretchable (strain at PCE80% = 34%) IS-OSCs are developed using a molecular interdiffusion-assisted TPU-PEDOT:PSS bilayers with excellent adhesion properties.
Theoretical insights into the stability of buckled tetragonal graphene and the prediction of novel carbon allotropes
Authors: Cheng Chao , Zhang Xin , Ma Shangyi , Wang Shaoqing
Published: April 2023

The stability of buckled tetragonal graphene has been clarified from several aspects. Vibrational mode analysis at high temperature was realized. Several semiconductor 2D materials with adjustable bandgap were predicted.
Carbon skeleton materials derived from rare earth phthalocyanines (MPcs) (M = Yb, La) used as high performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Cao Mihong , Chen Jun , Wang Luyi , Zhang Qian , Wang Hua , Luo Jintian
Published: April 2023

YbPc-900 and LaPc-1000 derived from rare earth phthalocyanines present graphite-layered structure with smaller particles and larger specific surface area, which result in smaller impedance, better conductivity, faster Li+ transport and excellent energy storage behaviors.
Flexible coaxial composite fiber based on carbon nanotube and thermochromic particles for multifunctional sensor and wearable electronics
Authors: Hou Ningle , Wang Hui , Zhang Aijia , Li Ling , Li Xiaoting , Zhang Wenming
Published: April 2023

This study proposed a multilayer coaxial composite fiber based on carbon nanotubes and thermochromic particles. This kind of fiber was used as a strain/pressure/temperature sensor.
Correction: Tuning the morphology of sulfur–few layer graphene composites via liquid phase evaporation for battery application
Authors: Venezia Eleonora , Carbone Lorenzo , Bonaccorso Francesco , Pellegrini Vittorio
Published: April 2023

Correction for ‘Tuning the morphology of sulfur–few layer graphene composites via liquid phase evaporation for battery application’ by Eleonora Venezia et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2022, 4, 1136–1144, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1NA00733E.
Two-dimensional Pd3(AsSe4)2 as a photocatalyst for the solar-driven oxygen evolution reaction: a first-principles study
Authors: Gao Zhen , He Xin , Li Wenzhong , He Yao , Xiong Kai
Published: April 2023

The relationship between the structure and properties of materials is the core of material research.
Biomass-derived carbon sponges for use as sodium-ion capacitor electrodes
Authors: Payá Sara , Díez Noel , Sevilla Marta
Published: April 2023

A high performance Na-ion capacitor has been assembled by using S-doped carbon sponges and highly porous carbon sponges produced from biomass-derived products by using sustainable salt-templating approaches.
An ultrathin 2D NiCo-LDH nanosheet decorated NH2-UiO-66 MOF-nanocomposite with exceptional chemical stability for electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Sk Saddam , Madhu Ragunath , Gavali Deepak S. , Bhasin Vidha , Thapa Ranjit , Jha Shambhu Nath , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu , Kundu Subrata , Pal Ujjwal
Published: April 2023

Utilization of bifunctional high-efficiency non-precious electrocatalysts for stable and effective water splitting is crucial to the growth of the clean energy industry.
Perceptions and Lived Experiences of Arab American Parent Participants in LENA Start: Lessons for Parent Education Programs in Minoritized Communities
Authors: Khamis Reem , Khoshman Afaf Al , Salam Iman , Priefer Ryan , Hasan Sabah
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

This article investigates caregivers' perceived experience as part of the first implementation of LENA Start for Arab American families in New York City, with particular attention to the children's bilingual status as heritage speakers raised in marginalized communities within the United States.

Method:

A qualitative analysis of a semistructured focus group interview conducted with five Arab American mothers who participated in the program was conducted to explore parents' perception and experience of the program using Glaserian grounded theory analysis.

Results:

Parents reported more talking and reading with their children after participation, but the recorded data showed the changes were not significant. Parents reported that they benefited from the program by gaining a sense of belonging and embracing bilingualism while facing systemic barriers to passing on their heritage language. Parents as a group displayed a range of feelings including fear, trust, appreciation, motivation, and internalized supremacy of Western practices. They also engaged in a range of actions and commitments (i.e., self-reflection, self-growth, and progress) in association with the program. The components reported to be most critical were outside of the scope of the manualized program, such as service delivery in Arabic, a trusting and mutually respectful relationship, and attentiveness to sociopolitical and cultural factors.

Conclusion:

The findings highlight the need for a holistic analysis of parent educational programs in marginalized communities to include qualitative methods that engage with the social, political, and cultural realities of families.
A paclitaxel prodrug nanoparticles with glutathion/reactive oxygen species dual‐responsive and CD206 targeting to improve the anti‐tumour effect
Authors: Wang Changhai , Jiao Yuwen , Zhang Xinyu , Guo Mingxue , Zhang Qing , Hu Wenjun , Dong Shuang , Jakkree Tangthianchaichana , Lu Yang , Wang Jinling
Published: April 2023

As a first‐line anticancer drug, paclitaxel has shortcomings, such as poor solubility and lack of tumour cell selectivity, which limit its further applications in clinical practice. Therefore, the authors aimed to utilise the characteristics of prodrug and nanotechnology to prepare a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and GSH dual‐responsive targeted tumour prodrug nanoparticle Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX to improve the clinical application status of paclitaxel limitation. The characterisation of Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX was carried out through preparation. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on tumour cells and the effect on apoptosis of tumour cells were investigated by cytotoxicity assay and flow cytometry analysis. The ROS responsiveness of nanoparticles was investigated by detecting the ROS level of tumour cells. The tumour cell selectivity of the nanoparticles was further investigated by receptor affinity assay and cell uptake assay. The particle size of Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX was (132.90 ± 1.81) nm, the dispersion coefficient Polymer dispersity index was 0.13 ± 0.03, and the Zeta potential was (−8.65 ± 0.50) mV. The encapsulation rate was 95.46 ± 2.31% and the drug load was 13.65 ± 2.31%. The nanoparticles could significantly inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of MCF‐7, HepG2, and MDA‐MB‐231 tumour cells. It has good ROS response characteristics and targeting. The targeted uptake mechanism is energy‐dependent and endocytosis is mediated by non‐clathrin, non‐caveolin, lipid raft/caveolin, and cyclooxygenase (COX)/caveolin with a certain concentration dependence and time dependence. Man‐PEG‐SS‐PLGA/ProPTX is a tumour microenvironment‐responsive nanoparticle that can actively target tumour cells. It restricts the release of PTX in normal tissues, enhances its selectivity to tumour cells, and has significant antitumour activity, which is expected to solve the current limitations of PTX use.
Theoretical tidal evolution constants for stellar models from the pre-main sequence to the white dwarf stage
Authors: Claret A.
Published: April 2023

Aims. One of the most reliable means of studying the stellar interior is through the apsidal motion in double line eclipsing binary systems since these systems present errors in masses, radii, and effective temperatures of only a few per cent. On the other hand, the theoretical values of the apsidal motion to be compared with the observed values depend on the stellar masses of the components and more strongly on their radii (fifth power). The main objective of this work is to make available grids of evolutionary stellar models that, in addition to the traditional parameters (e.g. age, mass, log g, Teff), also contain the necessary parameters for the theoretical study of apsidal motion and tidal evolution. This information is useful for the study of the apsidal motion in eclipsing binaries and their tidal evolution, and can also be used for the same purpose in exoplanetary systems.

Methods. All models were computed using the MESA package. We consider core overshooting for models with masses ≥1.2M⊙. For the amount of core overshooting we adopted a recent relationship for mass × core overshooting. We adopted for the mixing-length parameter αMLT the value 1.84 (the solar-calibrated value). Mass loss was taken into account in two evolutionary phases. The models were followed from the pre-main sequence phase to the white dwarf (WD) stage.

Results. The evolutionary models containing age, luminosity, log g, and Teff, as well as the first three harmonics of the internal stellar structure (k2, k3, and k4), the radius of gyration βy, and the dimensionless variable α, related to gravitational potential energy, are presented in 69 tables covering three chemical compositions: [Fe/H] = −0.50, 0.00, and 0.50. Additional models with different input physics are available.
Branch-and-cut algorithms for the covering salesman problem
Authors: Maziero Lucas Porto , Usberti Fábio Luiz , Cavellucci Celso
Published: April 2023

The Covering Salesman Problem (CSP) is a generalization of the Traveling Salesman Problem in which the tour is not required to visit all vertices, as long as all vertices are covered by the tour. The objective of CSP is to find a minimum length Hamiltonian cycle over a subset of vertices that covers an undirected graph. In this paper, valid inequalities from the generalized traveling salesman problem are applied to the CSP in addition to new valid inequalities that explore distinct aspects of the problem. A branch-and-cut framework assembles exact and heuristic separation routines for integer and fractional CSP solutions. Computational experiments show that the proposed framework outperformed methodologies from literature with respect to optimality gaps. Moreover, optimal solutions were proven for several previously unsolved instances.
Homöopathie als Bestandteil einer wissenschaftsbasierten, integrativen Medizin
Authors: Riker Ulf
Published: April 2023

Integrative Medizin verbindet ärztliche Kompetenz in den Bereichen konventioneller und komplementärer Medizin auf rationaler Basis. Zu den komplementären Therapieverfahren zählt die Hufelandgesellschaft aus gutem Grund auch die Homöopathie: Sie ist dank hochwertiger Studien aus Grundlagen- und Versorgungsforschung nicht nur wissenschaftsbasiert, sondern auch versorgungsrelevant. Evidenzbasiert ist sie ohnehin, wenn man die Sackett’sche Definition zugrunde legt und neben der externen Evidenz aus Studien auch die interne Evidenz aus ärztlicher Erfahrung sowie die Präferenzen der Patientinnen und Patienten berücksichtigt. Der Beitrag zeigt dazu zwei Beispiele, wie die Homöopathie bei schulmedizinischer Therapieresistenz helfen kann.
Fallbeispiel einer handtherapeutischen Behandlung bei komplexer
Strecksehnenverletzung
Authors: Siegel Mandy
Published: April 2023

Nachbehandlungsschemata für Strecksehnenverletzungen richten sich nach
der Zone, in der das Trauma vorliegt. Sind mehrere Bereiche betroffen, stellt
sich die Frage, welche Schemata sinnvoll kombiniert werden können und
welche Bedingungen zu beachten sind. Ergo- und Handtherapeutin Mandy Siegel
stellt ein Behandlungsbeispiel einer Strecksehnenverletzung in Zone 2 aus ihrer
Praxis vor.
Die konservative Behandlung von Mittelhand- und
Fingerfrakturen
Authors: Ganser Joachim
Published: April 2023

Der Paradigmenwechsel in der Beurteilung medizinischer Behandlungsergebnisse
veranlasste Handchirurg Joachim Ganser und sein ergotherapeutisches Team zum
Umdenken hinsichtlich Frakturbehandlung der Hand. Viele Mittelhand- und
Fingerfrakturen lassen sich mit der richtigen Schienenversorgung konservativ
behandeln und bedürfen gar keiner Operation. Der Artikel stellt einige
davon exemplarisch vor.