bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual and single career couples in Switzerland: Exploring partners’ trajectories
Authors: Levy René , Bühlmann Felix , Widmer Eric
Published: March 2021

Based on retrospective data from a sample of 602 women and 621 men living in couples surveyed in Switzerland in early 1999, professional trajectories of partners are compared using the optimal matching technique in order to distinguish typical sequence models. We identify dual-career couples and distinguish them from other couples with dual- or single-employment, showing that dual-career couples proper are a rather rare phenomenon, and that mobility trajectories continue to be strongly gendered: male trajectories respond to a predominantly occupational logic, whereas female trajectories are structured by both an occupational and a familial logic. A multinomial regression analysis allows to identify some of the factors conditioning couples’ trajectory constellations.

Zusammenfassung

Anhand retrospektiver Daten einer Stichprobe von Anfang 1999 befragten Paaren (602 Frauen und 621 Männern) vergleichen wir die Berufsverläufe zusammenlebender Partner und ermitteln typische Verlaufsmodelle. Mittels der Optimal-Matching-Technik identifizieren wir Doppelkarrierepaare und unterscheiden sie von anderen doppel- oder einfachverdienenden Paaren. Doppelkarrierepaare erweisen sich dabei als relativ selten. Außerdem sind Mobilitätsverläufe nach wie vor stark geschlechtsspezifisch: männliche Verläufe folgen einer reinen Beschäftigungslogik, weibliche Verläufe unterliegen zugleich einer Beschäftigungs- und einer Familienlogik. Eine multinomiale Regressionsanalyse erlaubt, einige der Bedingungsfaktoren für das Vorliegen der verschiedenen Paarkonstellationen zu identifizieren.
Editorial
Authors: Szydlik Marc
Published: March 2021

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Öffentliche und private Transfers und Unterstützungsleistungen im Alter – „crowding out“ oder „crowding in“?
Authors: Künemund Harald , Vogel Claudia
Published: March 2021

In this article we discuss the plausibility ofthe “crowding out“ hypothesis that predicts adisplacement of family support in responseto the expansion of the welfare state. A theoreticaldiscussion of motives for privateintergenerational transfers suggests a limitedpotential of crowding out. However, in sumcrowding out is unlikely to occur becausecontradictory effects of crowding in are alsoprobable. Using a comparative approach, wetest whether the support that the elderly receivefrom their adult children varies systematicallywith the generosity in public expenditure,which is what we would expectaccording to the crowding-out assumption.The empirical findings contradict this hypothesis.

Zusammenfassung

Der Beitrag diskutiert die Plausibilität der These des „crowding out“, nach der der Ausbau sozialstaatlicher Leistungen familiale Unterstützungsleistungen und familiale Solidarität verdrängen würde. In einer theoretischen Erörterung der Motive für private intergenerationelle Unterstützungsleistungen wird herausgearbeitet, dass ein crowding out theoretisch zwar möglich, insgesamt betrachtet aber empirisch unwahrscheinlich ist, da gegenläufige Effekte des crowding in eine höhere Plausibilität haben. Mit Hilfe eines Ländervergleichs wird anschließend untersucht, ob sich die Anteile der Hilfen, die die Älteren von ihren Kindern erhalten, systematisch mit Blick auf das Niveau der wohlfahrtsstaatlichen Versorgung unterscheiden, wie es der These des crowding out entsprechen würde. Die deskriptiven empirischen Befunde sprechen jedoch ebenfalls gegen diese These.
Zeitverwendung und Arbeitsteilung in Paarhaushalten
Authors: Haberkern Klaus
Published: March 2021

Household tasks are still unequally distributed in industrialized countries whereby most of the work is frontloaded to women. The aim of the article is to explain the unequal distribution using microeconomic models and referring to social norms and institutions. The household production approach, the household bargaining approach and the gender display approach are empirically tested in random-effects regressions using the data of the German Time Budget Survey 2001/2002. Economic determinants are major predictors of the household division of labor. However, their influence is inextricably bound to social norms and institutions. Women for instance refer to gender norms and the household composition in their allocation of time, whereas men’s behavior is more dependent on the allocation of financial resources between the partners.

Zusammenfassung

Hausarbeit ist in industrialisierten Ländern ungleich zulasten von Frauen verteilt. Ökonomische Theorien führen die geschlechtsspezifische Arbeitsteilung auf eine unterschiedliche Humankapitalausstattung oder Einkommensressourcen zurück. Soziologische Theorien betonen dagegen den Einfluss sozialer Normen und institutioneller Rahmenbedingungen. Die empirische Überprüfung des Haushaltsproduktions-, des household bargaining- und des gender display-Ansatzes anhand der Daten der Zeitbudgeterhebung 2001/2002 zeigt für Deutschland, dass ökonomische Determinanten wie die finanzielle Abhängigkeit vom Partner einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die innerfamiliale Arbeitsteilung haben. Ihre Wirkungsweise und geschlechtsspezifische Hausarbeitszeiten können jedoch nur dann angemessen erfasst werden, wenn Geschlechternormen und institutionelle Regelungen berücksichtig werden. Frauen können ihre Hausarbeitszeit mit zunehmender finanzieller Unabhängigkeit vom Mann nur dann reduzieren, wenn sie die Geschlechternorm „männlicher Familienernährer“ nicht verletzen. Männer erhöhen hingegen erst dann merklich ihre Hausarbeitszeit, wenn sie finanziell auf ihre Partnerin angewiesen sind.
Veränderungen in langjährigen Partnerschaften des mittleren Erwachsenenalters
Authors: Stegmann Anne-Katrin , Schmitt Marina
Published: March 2021

Although long-term marital relationships still are the normal case, researchers neglect these relationships. Therefore, this study asks a) how marital quality changes in longterm relationships in middle adulthood, b) which changes individuals perceive in their marital relationship, c) how they evaluate these changes, and d) which associations exist between perceived changes, the evaluation of these changes, and the development of marital quality. Based on data from 286 participants of the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development (born 1950-52; mean age at T2: 48.0 years) living in long-term marital relationships, results show an increase in marital quality and a variety of changes related to marriage. Neither the amount of changes nor the kind of changes but only the negative evaluation of the perceived changes were related to marital quality. Consequences for further research are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl langjährige Partnerschaften immer noch den Normalfall darstellen, werden diese in der Forschung häufig vernachlässigt. Die Untersuchung fragt deshalb danach, a) wie sich die Ehequalität in langjährigen Beziehungen im mittleren Erwachsenenalter verändert, b) welche Veränderungen auftreten, c) wie diese bewertet werden und d) welche Zusammenhänge zwischen Veränderungen, deren Erleben und der Entwicklung der Ehequalität bestehen. Basierend auf Daten von 286 in langjährigen Beziehungen lebenden Teilnehmer/innen der Interdisziplinären Längsschnittstudie des Erwachsenenalters (geb. 1950-52; Alter zu T2: 48,0 Jahre) zeigen sich eine Zunahme der Ehequalität und viele partnerschaftsbezogene Veränderungen. Weder Anzahl noch Art der Veränderungen, sondern die negative Bewertung der Ereignisse weisen Zusammenhänge zur Ehequalität auf. Konsequenzen für die weitere Forschung werden diskutiert.
Triple P (Positive Parenting Program): Theoretischer und empirischer Hintergrund und erste Erfahrungen im deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Cina Annette , Bodenmann Guy , Hahlweg Kurt , Dirscherl Thomas , Sanders Matthew R.
Published: March 2021

This article reviews the theoretical and empirical background of Triple P (Positive Parenting Program). The aims of this prevention program as well as the different techniques that are used in order to help parents to improve their educational skills are presented. One main focus of this article is to draw the development of Triple P, its features and specifically its implementation in Europe. It is shown, how Triple P is disseminated in Germany and Switzerland and how parents rate their satisfaction and acceptance of Triple P in these two countries.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Artikel stellt die theoretischen, empirischen und klinischen Grundlagen eines mehrstufigen erziehungs- und familienunterstützenden Präventionsprogramms (Triple P: Positive Parenting Program) dar, welches die Förderung elterlicher Erziehungskompetenzen und die Reduktion von Verhaltensproblemen und emotionalen Störungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zum Ziel hat. Der Beitrag stellt die einzelnen Interventionsmethoden, Trainingselemente, Formen von Triple P und dessen Neuerungen sowie insbesondere die Verbreitung und Implementierung des Elterngruppenprogramms in Deutschland und der Schweiz dar. Die empirischen Belege zur Wirksamkeit des Programms aus Australien sowie aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum werden resümiert und Schlussfolgerungen für die  Untersuchung der weiteren Verbreitung des Programms dargestellt.
A (in)igualdade dos gêneros em uma perspectiva discursiva
Authors: Daróz Elaine Pereira
Published: March 2021

Os discursos sobre as mulheres atravessam os tempos, regularizando determinados sentidos que se materializam nas práticas sociais. Em atenção ao papel da memória na regularização desses dizeres/sentidos sobre o feminino, propomos uma reflexão sobre os dizeres que se materializam nos movimentos antifeministas, em especial na sua primeira fase, tomando como aporte teórico-analítico os pressupostos da Análise de discurso (Pêcheux). Para tanto, propomos uma breve reflexão sobre o movimento feminista liderado pelas ditas sufragistas e, a seguir, uma análise de dois panfletos antifeministas da época. Nessa perspectiva, buscamos melhor compreender o modo de funcionamento desses dizeres na regularização de uma memória sobre a mulher na atualidade.
Conhecer a complexidade do sistema climático para entender as mudanças climáticas
Authors: Monteiro Ana Flavia Martins , Yamamoto Ana Letícia Campos , Silva Paola do Nascimento , Reboita Michelle Simões
Published: March 2021

A temperatura do planeta vem apresentando aumento desde o início da revolução industrial, conforme documentado nos relatórios do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC). Isso afeta os diferentes componentes do sistema climático, que, por sua vez, influenciam o clima (mecanismo de retroalimentação). Portanto, para a compreensão dos processos físicos associados às mudanças climáticas é necessário um conhecimento básico sobre o sistema climático, o que é o foco deste estudo. Apresentam-se aqui os conhecimentos necessários, em uma linguagem simples, para que o entendimento das mudanças climáticas seja adquirido por todos aqueles que tenham interesse.
Aprendizaje práctico de las propiedades hidráulicas de los materiales geológicos
Authors: Sellés-Martínez José
Published: March 2021

La creencia popular acerca de la existencia universal de ríos y lagos subterráneos es enfrentada desde la educación formal mediante la introducción temprana del concepto de acuífero. El conocimiento de los parámetros hidráulicos (porosidad, permeabilidad, etc.) es necesario para la comprensión del comportamiento de los materiales geológicos como tales reservorios de agua. En esta etapa, además de información básica adecuada, es necesaria una visualización experimental de lo que estos parámetros representan para lograr una comprensión cabal del tema, Generalmente, cuando se realizan experiencias, las mediciones se realizan con aparatos y materiales diferentes y en forma no integrada, lo que atenta contra la construcción de un modelo conceptual integrado por parte del alumno. Se propone una actividad sencilla (y económica en cuanto al equipamiento necesario) para que los alumnos puedan percibir cómo los parámetros hidráulicos se vinculan entre sí y observar el comportamiento hidráulico de diferentes materiales geológicos.
Redes de afloramentos artificiais para o ensino de geociências
Authors: Kuchenbecker Matheus , Morais Geysianne Ferreira de , Silva Vinícius César Maciel , Pimenta João Pedro Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

Durante o curso de geologia, ao mesmo tempo em que aprendem sobre o funcionamento do Sistema Terra, os estudantes são demandados a desenvolver um grande conjunto de habilidades práticas, tais como raciocínio espacial e tridimensional, técnicas de desenho e uso de equipamentos específicos. Estas duas dimensões – teoria e prática – se fundem de maneira indissociável na práxis do geólogo e, por isso, sua integração é central também durante formação em geologia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a montagem de redes de afloramentos artificiais como estratégia didática para o ensino de geociências, tomando-se como exemplo uma rede piloto montada na Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG. A partir desta experiência, discute-se os métodos para o dimensionamento da rede, construção e instalação dos afloramentos artificiais e as vastas possibilidades pedagógicas associadas.
The influence of records management on tendering process in the public sector
Authors: Njue Egidio , Kyalo Teresia , Muchina Stephen
Published: March 2021

This study aims to investigate the influence of record management in the tendering process in the public sector in the context of the Embu County Government, specifically the study sought to investigate the influence of training in record keeping and the filing system on tendering process in Embu county government.  The study adopted a descriptive research design. The study used the census method for the 33 members of the tendering committee in the county government of Embu. The study adopted a census because the population was small. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data needed in the study. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Quantitative responses based on the Likert scale were coded in the computer using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Processed data were summarized in tables and then presented using simple frequencies and percentages. The study established that records management affected the tendering process. The study also revealed that the tendering process in the public sector is statistically significantly (P = 0.000) affected by records management. The study recommended that the County government of Embu should ensure that the tendering process is effective, by adopting advanced training in the record management and filing systems so as to maintain and secure all tender records in the procurement department.
Relationship between performance contracting and the implementation of strategic objectives in Kenyan public universities
Authors: Chepkoskei Elaine , Kiambati Kellen , Ng’ang’a Irura
Published: March 2021

This study sought to determine the link between Performance Contracting and implementation of strategic objectives in Kenyan Public Universities. The main objective was to establish the extent of utilization of the Performance Contract (PC) as a tool for implementation for strategic objectives in Kenyan public universities. The study was anchored on the Balanced Score Card theory and used a combination of descriptive survey research design and correlation research design. The target population for this study included thirty-one (31) public universities in Kenya; a sample of 62 respondents was drawn from senior management and officers in charge of PC and strategy implementation in each University as well as 10 key informants from the Ministry of Education and the Public Service Performance Management and Coordination Office. Primary data was collected using structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; correlation and regression analysis was computed to determine the degree of association between the performance of Kenyan public universities in performance contracting and implementation of their strategic objectives. Methodological triangulation and pilot testing were adopted to test for validity while Cronbach Alpha reliability Correlation Coefficient was used to test the reliability of the data. The study established that utilization of Performance Contracts contributes to 74.2% of the changes in strategy implementation in Public Universities in Kenya. It recommends that the universities should focus on the PC as a tool to enhance strategy implementation, allocate more funds for strategy implementation and improve their financial standing by engaging in more income-generating activities.
The effects of socio-economic drawbacks on second language learning in Bangladesh
Authors: Hosen Md. Arif
Published: March 2021

The Second Language (L2) research has presented vast curiosity to learners and their judgments on L2. The numerous directions of learner-focus study, however, have not been sufficient to emphasize the learning experiences of learners in relation to their social and economic context, particularly in third world countries. This research explores the perspectives and experiences of school learners in second language learning in the peripheries of Bangladesh. In addition, this research demonstrates how socio-economic drawbacks of students’ family affect their English subject scores in secondary school certificate examination. Educational background of parents also contributes to achieve the better scores in L2. A close relationship is found between learners’ family education, parents’ occupation, and family income and their achieved scores in English in board examination.
Developing a strategic career development model on organizational climate, career adaptability and career intentions
Authors: Marie De Gulan Xy Za , Aguiling Hector
Published: March 2021

Managing career development across various industries constantly changes to address varying employees’ needs and it became more difficult with the career disruptions caused by the demands to deal with the environmental conditions, globalization, and output expectations. To keep up with these challenges, this study aims to propose a strategic career development model that will address the need to come up with a framework that will guide human resource management practitioners in identifying appropriate activities that will cater to the interest of employees.
Inventory management and cost efficiency
Authors: Anjani Andan , Nizar Adirizal
Published: March 2021

This research aims to observe current inventory management applied by one of the medical equipment distributors specializing in eye health devices, and provide recommendations for an optimal inventory management system to achieve cost efficiency afterward. The method used in this research is quantitative, focusing on processing and analyzing numerical data obtained from the company to calculate safety stock and the number of orders. In addition, ABC classification is also used in data processing to group items based on their value. Items belonging to class A (having a value of 80% for the company) will be used in the data processing. The next step is to conduct forecasting simulations for demand forecasts. The results of the forecast will be used for calculating the safety stock and order quantity. The output from the results of data processing and analysis in this study shows 67 items included in class A, which will then be processed using Minitab software for forecasting. Based on comparing the four forecasting methods, the one with the lowest error value is Trend Analysis. If the company can apply the storage method according to the fixed-time period model calculation, there is a potential savings of US $ 717,133 or 63% of the total overstock
Multidimensional well-being of residents affected by the Pak Mun Dam, Thailand
Authors: Chaiyamart Pattaraphongpan , Gartner William , DelMas Robert
Published: March 2021

Understanding the effects on the overall well-being of the communities affected by the Pak Mun Dam construction would fill in the gaps in existing knowledge and facilitate a deeper discussion of the factors that impact overall wellbeing. The Pak Mun Dam was finished in 1994 and from that point on there have been changes affecting local residents. This study attempts to understand the impact of those changes from a well-being perspective using primary data collected from residents in villages close to the dam site. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was a method for this research analysis.  Results from a structural model show that social and economic well-being are important factors that impact the overall well-being of the affected residents from the Pak Mun Dam area. Furthermore, we discuss how information from 20 items within seven dimensions of the well-being measurement model can be used to develop more efficient strategies and policies to increase well-being capital.
Testing vaccines in the time of Covid: The changing landscape
Authors: Cash Richard A.
Published: March 2021

The initial trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were randomised control trials (RCT) with a placebo as control. The use of a placebo was ethically justified because, as with any new and emerging infectious disease, there was no known vaccine. There are now at least eight vaccines that have been shown to be effective and approved for emergency use, so the use of a placebo in the control group is no longer ethically justified. This article discusses why ethical guidelines should be continually evaluated in a changing landscape and why trust is so important.
Placebo control in Covid-19 trials: A missed opportunity for international guidance
Authors: Wiesing Urban , Ehni Hans-Jörg
Published: March 2021

Vaccines preventing Covid-19 have been approved in several countries. Is it still ethically acceptable to use placebo controls during the development of other vaccine options? If two of the most influential international guidelines of biomedical research are consulted, the Declaration of Helsinki and the CIOMS-guidelines, the answer is “no”. We discuss the implications for ongoing vaccine research, and how placebo controls might be justified nevertheless. However, the ethical conflict remains highly problematic. We suggest that such ethical dilemmas should be avoided in the future by the introduction of a new system of global governance. Once vaccines are approved, a global regulation should oblige producers to provide the necessary amount of vaccine doses for the control groups of ongoing vaccine research.
Current directions in searching for tuberculostatic substances
Authors: Żwawiak Justyna , Zaprutko Lucjusz
Published: March 2021

Yearly, 8 milion people advance to active tuberculosis (TB) and nearly 2 milion victims die of their infection. Long drug regimen is blamed for the emergence of drug resistant TB. Moreover, 20% of TB isolates are already resistant to the first line antituberculosis drugs. This situation has required to develop new, more active anti-TB substances. Several novel drug candidates from different groups of chemical compounds undergo clinical trials. Others, also promising agents, have been obtained recently. They are the basis for further modifications heading for improvement of their physicochemical, biological and toxicological parameters.
The role of the orthodontist in the early simulating plate rehabilitation of children with Down syndrome
Authors: Matthews-Brzozowska Teresa , Walasz Jolanta , Matthews-Kozanecka Maja , Matthews Zofia , Kopczyński Przemysław
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Abnormalities in the oro-facial complex in children with Down syndrome can be corrected through oro-facial therapy which makes use of a palatal plate.Aim. The aim of this study was to present the therapeutic effects of orthodontic palatal plate therapy in children with Down syndrome.Material and methods. The study was conducted on 50 children with Down syndrome between the ages of 3 months and 2 years who were treated by means of stimulating plate therapy a period of two years.Results. The study found that in 50% children with Down syndrome who underwent palatal plate oro-facial rehabilitation there was a visual improvement of the mimetic muscles, tongue retraction as well as lip closure. Conclusions. The care by orthodontist and early palatal plate therapy ought to constitute an integral part of the comprehensive multidisciplinary rehabilitation of children with Down syndrome.
Citizen Science Projects: How to make a difference
Authors: Woods Mel , Coulson Saskia , Ajates Raquel , Amditis Angelos , Cobley Andy , Domian Dahlia , Hager Gerid , Ferri Michele , Fraisl Dilek , Fritz Steffen , Gold Margaret , Karitsioti Nikoletta , Masó Joan , McCallum Ian , Tomei Giovanni , Monego Martina , Moorthy Inian , Prat Ester , Tsertou Athanasia , Tsiakos Valantis , See Linda , Underwood Laura , Wehn Uta
Published: March 2021

Citizen Science Projects: How to make a difference, is a massive open online course (MOOC). It was developed by the H2020 WeObserve project and ran on the FutureLearn platform from 2019. The course was designed to assist learners from all backgrounds and geographical locations to discover how to build their own citizen science project to address global challenges and create positive change. It also helped learners with interpreting the information they collected and using their findings to educate others about important local and global concerns. The main learning objectives for the course were: * Discover what citizen science and citizen observatories are * Engage with the general process of a citizen science project, the tools used and where they can be accessed * Collect and analyse data on relevant issues such as environmental challenges and disaster management, and discuss the results of their findings * Explore projects happening around the world, what the aims of these projects are and how learners could get involved * Model the steps to create their own citizen science project * Evaluate the potential of citizen science in bringing about change This course also provided five open-source, downloadable tools which have been tested in previous citizen science projects and created for the use of a wider range of projects. These tools are listed below and available in the research repository: * Empathy timeline tool * Community-level indicators tool * Data postcards tool * Future newspaper tool * Co-evaluation tool
Review Dry and Non-Contact EEG Electrodes for 2010-2021 Years
Authors: Rakhmatulin Ildar , Gan Yajian
Published: March 2021

The basis of the work of electroencephalography (EEG) is the registration of electrical impulses from the brain or some of its individual areas using a special sensor/electrode. This method is used for the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. The use of wet electrodes in this case does not seem viable, for several well-known reasons. As a result of this, a detailed analysis of modern EEG sensors developed over the past few years is carried out, which will allow researchers to choose this type of sensor more carefully and, as a result, conduct their research more competently. Due to the absence of any standards in the production and testing of dry EEG sensors, the main moment of this manuscript is a detailed description of the necessary steps for testing a dry electrode, which will allow researchers to maximize the potential of the sensor in the various type of research.
Спектр непрерывной замкнутой симметричной цепочки с произвольным числом контуров
Authors: Бугаев Александр Степанович , Bugaev Aleksandr Stepanovich , Таташев Александр Геннадьевич , Tatashev Aleksandr Gennad'evich , Яшина Марина Викторовна , Yashina Marina Viktorovna
Published: March 2021

Исследуется динамическая система с непрерывным временем и непрерывным пространством состояний. Система относится к классу контурных сетей Буслаева. Контурные сети могут использоваться при моделировании трафика на сложных сетях, а также иметь другие приложения, в частности, применяться при моделировании коммуникационных систем. Рассматриваемая система содержит замкнутую последовательность контуров, каждый из которых имеет по две симметрично расположенные общие точки, называемые узлами, с соседними контурами. На каждом контуре движется с постоянной скоростью отрезок, называемый кластером. Это название объясняется тем, что в дискретном варианте транспортной модели такому отрезку соответствует группа частиц, располагающихся в соседних ячейках и перемещающихся одновременно, причем каждая частица соответствует автотранспортному средству. Задержки в перемещении кластеров обусловлены невозможностью одновременного прохождения двух кластеров через общий узел. Динамика системы такова, что с некоторого момента времени периодически повторяются состояния, принадлежащие некоторому множеству (предельный цикл). Каждому предельному циклу соответствуют значение средней скорости кластеров. Это значение в общем случае зависит от начального состояния. Исследуется поведение системы на предельных циклах. Получены результаты о характере поведения рассматриваемой системы на предельном цикле, о значении периода цикла, о поведении функции от состояния, называемой потенциалом задержек. Найдены возможные значения средней скорости кластеров при известных значениях числа контуров и длины кластера. Получены достаточные условия существования предельных циклов при малых длинах кластеров с наличием задержек в движении. Доказана теорема о непрерывной замкнутой цепочке контуров с длиной, равной половине длины контуров. Доказательство этой теоремы основано на сравнении поведения данной системы с поведением рассматривавшейся ранее дискретной системы, называемой бинарной замкнутой цепочкой контуров.
Модельные представления теплового удара массивного тела с внутренней полостью
Authors: Карташов Эдуард Михайлович , Kartashov Eduard Mikhailovich , Ненахов Евгений Валентинович , Nenakhov Evgenii Valentinovich
Published: March 2021

Рассмотрены математические модели теории теплового удара в терминах динамической и квазистатической термоупругости и их приложениям к конкретным случаям при интенсивном нагреве границы твердого тела. В частности, изучена термическая реакция на нагрев массивного тела с внутренней цилиндрической полостью - важный результат для многих приложений. Наличие кривизны граничной поверхности диктует постановку динамической задачи в перемещениях в условиях радиального потока теплоты. Проведены численные эксперименты и описан волновой характер термических напряжений, а также соответствующие им квазистатические значения. Установлена роль инерционных эффектов, заложенных в математических моделях теории теплового удара.
Tingkah laku agresif rusa Timor (Cervus timorensis) jantan di penangkaran pada fase diurnal dan nokturnal
Authors: Silalahi Sally Saurma , Samsudewa Daud , Setiatin Enny Tantini , Ondho Yon Soepri
Published: March 2021

Objective: The aims of this research was known comparison the appearance of aggressive behavior of male Timor deers reared in maintaining females and territories at captivity, between the time of day time (diurnal) and night phase (nocturnal) seen from the duration, frequency, sequence and interval aggresive behavior.

Methods: This observational research used the observation focal animal sampling method, by directly observing the aggressive behavior of 4 male Timor deers in a good condition, have hard antlers and maintained at location with the same management and conditions. The duration of observations was 24 hours and carried out for 7 days. The parameters observed included the duration, frequency and interval of aggressive behavior male Timor deers. The data analysis used was the non-parametric statistical test Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Results: The results showed that there were significant differences in the four aggressive behavior of Timor deers at day time and nocturnal phase (P <0.20) and the observations showed that the duration and frequency of aggressive behavior Timor deers such as wallowing, walking with head up, shouting, rubbing antlers, threatening, running away and climbing more frequently and for longer periods was shown during the day time (diurnal).
Conclusions: Difference time between day time (diurnal) and night phases (nocturnal) causes the duration and frequency aggressive behavior of Timor deers, was longer and more frequent during the day time.
Evaluasi persepsi penerapan penumbuhan unit usaha complete feed sapi potong (Studi kasus di kelompoktani Kabupaten Pasuruan)
Authors: Rustandi Yudi , Ismulhadi Ismulhadi , Silviani Mirna
Published: March 2021

Objective: Members of farmer group are required to be more adaptive to change in livestock technology development, one of which is the innovation of growing animal feed business units as part of the production unit of farmer groups. This study aimed to determine the suitability level of the extension program and the perception of group members in the application of growing beef cattle complete feed business units.

Methods: This study is an evaluation study with a formative and summative evaluation model. The objects of evaluation are 1) Suitability of extension programs and 2) Perceptions of farmer group members on the growth of beef cattle complete feed business units. Respondents were 38 members of farmer groups. The instrument in the form of a questionnaire (likert scale) test through validity and reliability tests. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis and T score.

Results: The results of the evaluation, the members of the farmer groups assessed: 1) The extension program was appropriate because; material aspect T score> 39.92, media aspect T score> 19.95, and method aspect T score> 24.92, 2) Innovation attributes, namely: a) relative advantage, can be tried (trialability), and observability, as many as 38 people or 100% expressed a positive perception, b) the level of compatibility, as many as 36 people or 94.40% expressed a positive perception, c) the level of complexity, as many as 37 people or 97, 36% expressed a positive perception.
Conclusions: Farmers' group members assess that the extension program is appropriate, and their perceptions are also positive on efforts to grow beef cattle complete feed business units.
Invisible Encryption Communication Method based on WFRFT
Authors: Liu Fang , Chen Lizhi , Feng Yongxin
Published: March 2021

Considering that the open signal transmission mode can lead to the potential risk of interception, identification, decoding, and interference, high confidentiality is imperative for wireless communication. The security of communication process is typically ensured by encrypting and concealing transmitted information. The weighted fractional Fourier transform (WFRFT) technology can substantially change the signal characteristics, and the statistical characteristics of the signal diversify to effectively hide the communication information. In this paper, considering a single parameter-WFRFT as the breakthrough point, the in-depth investigation of the mechanism of a single-parameter fractional domain and the analysis of its potential micro-features and dark features are presented; accordingly, an invisible encryption method with vector jumping is proposed. The relationship between modulation order and constellation diagram is utilized, the jumping matrix and vector are thereafter established, and the control rules are formulated accordingly; furthermore, the dynamic modulation order is obtained by the jumping vector control. The new method can improve the security performance of the system and provide a technical basis for securing communication with anti-jamming, anti-interception, and anti-deception capability.
Design and Development of Novel Channel estimation method for OFDM based Underwater communication
Authors: M Asha , Surekha T P
Published: March 2021

The ocean is a constantly changing environment whose properties are still great Challenges to Developing Effective Underwater Wireless Communication represent. The high absorption of electromagnetic and optical signals in the water limits this Use and development of underwater electromagnetic communication systems. A possible approach to wireless underwater communication over longer distances (> 100m), offers acoustic signal transmission, modulation methods such as frequency shift keying are also used (FSK) and phase-shift keying (PSK) are used. In many areas the orthogonal frequency division multiplex method (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) is enforced for high data rates. It offers a multi-carrier transmission method Benefits in treating multipath propagation, nevertheless achieves a bandwidth efficiency similar to that of corresponding single-carrier processes. In recent studies, the OFDM methods are adopted for underwater communication. However the real time implementation is becoming a challenging part. The channel estimation plays vital role in underwater communication. In this research work, the novel sparse channel estimation in OFDM based underwater communication is proposed for long distances. The proposed algorithms are developed in fixed point manner which can be implemented in FPGA. The BER values are estimated for proposed algorithm and validated with the conventional algorithms. The proposed algorithms exhibits better results compared with the conventional algorithms.
An efficient FIR filter based on hardware sharing architecture using CSD coefficient grouping for wireless application
Authors: SRIVAST AJEET KUMAR , Raj Krishna
Published: March 2021

FIR filter is an essential part of digital signal processing that is extensively used in many areas such as wireless application and digital processing system. An efficient recursive filter is always required for real-time applications such as 5G network, smart robots and Internet of Things etc. The design of FIR filter is inherently stable and has a linear phase characteristic but its implementation often involves complexity and a large filter length to achieve specific design requirements. In this paper, the complexity of FIR filter is reduced by eliminating the repeated subexpression in a canonic sign digit(CSD)number system based filter operation. A new grouping method has been proposed for the CSD number system-based filter coefficient to minimize the number of unpaired nonzero bits in the filter coefficient. The statistical analysis of the proposed grouping method is performed and compared with other existing schemes. The number of unpaired nonzero bits in the proposed grouping scheme is reduced by an average of 24.11% as compared to other existing schemes. Further, an efficient FIR filter with hardware sharing architecture is designed and implemented to achieve a 14.65% reduction in average power consumption and the average operation speed is increased by 10.1% in comparison to the other existing filter structures.
An Improved Genetic Algorithm Based Annulus-sector Clustering Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Chu-hang Wang , Xiao-li Liu , Han Youjia , Huang-shui Hu , Sha-sha Wu
Published: March 2021

In wireless sensor networks, uniform cluster formation and optimal routing paths finding are always the two most important factors for clustering routing protocols to minimize the network energy consumption and balance the network load. In this paper, an improved genetic algorithm based annulus-sector clustering routing protocol called GACRP is proposed. In GACRP, the circular network is divided into sectors with the same size for each annulus, whose number is determined by calculating the minimum energy consumption of each annulus. Each annulus-sector forms a cluster and the best node in this annulus-sector is selected as cluster head. Moreover, an improved genetic algorithm with a novel fitness function considering energy and load balance is presented to find the optimal routing path for each CH, and an adaptive round time is calculated for maintaining the clusters. Simulation results show that GACRP can significantly improve the network energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime as well as mitigate the hot spot problem.
Analytical Termination of Malicious nodes (ATOM): An Intrusion Detection System for Detecting Black Hole attack in Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Authors: Sivanesh S. , Dhulipala V R Sarma
Published: March 2021

The decentralized administration and the lack of an appropriate infrastructure causes the MANET prone to attacks. The attackers play on the vulnerable characteristics of the MANET and its underlying routing protocols such as AODV, DSR etc to bring about a disruption in the data forwarding operation. Hence, the routing protocols need mechanisms to confront and tackle the attacks by the intruders. This research introduces the novel Host-based Intrusion Detection System (HIDS) known as Analytical Termination of Malicious nodes (ATOM) that systematically detects one of the most significant black hole attacks that affects the performance of AODV routing protocol. ATOM IDS performs detection by computing the RREP count (Route Reply) and the packet drop value for each individual node. This system has been simulated over the AODV routing protocol merged with the black hole nodes and the resultant simulation scenario in NS2 has been generated. The trace obtained shows a colossal increase in the packet delivery ratio (pdr) and throughput. The results prove the efficacy of the proposed system.
Eliminating Selective Dropping Attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Network
Authors: Bounouni Mahdi , Bouallouche-Medjkoune Louiza , Beraza Abderrahmane , Daoud Adel
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we propose a new reputation approach, called I-WG (improved Watchdog). The aims is to eliminate selective dropping attack that occurs when malicious nodes drop packets at low rate to damage the network, while at the same time to avoid to be detected. The proposed approach is structured around four modules. The monitoring module overhears the forwarding activities of neighbors nodes using the promiscuous mode. The reputation module evaluates the nodes reputation values. We have have proposed a new reputation method that enable nodes to evaluate their neighbors in multiple monitoring sessions. Thus, the computed reputation value is used to determine the increment and decrement reputation rate. The exclusion module is responsible for excluding nodes with reputation values below the reputation threshold. The route selection module make restriction about discovered forwarding routes. Only forwarding routes satisfying the route incorporation threshold are accepted. The simulation results demonstrate that I-WG improves the success rate and reduces the number of packets dropped by malicious nodes, while increases the end-to-end delay.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Restriction With Polyhydramnios: Etiology and Impact on Postnatal Outcome
Authors: Walter Adeline , Calite Elina , Berg Christoph , Gembruch Ulrich , Müller Andreas , Geipel Annegret
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To assess the spectrum of different etiologies, the intrauterine course, outcome and possible prognostic markers in prenatally detected fetal growth restriction (FGR) combined with polyhydramnios. Methods: Retrospective study of 153 cases with FGR combined with Polyhydramnios diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound over a period of 17 years. Charts were reviewed for ultrasound findings, prenatal and postnatal outcome. All cases were categorized into etiological groups and examined for differences.Results: Five etiological groups were identified: chromosomal anomalies (n= 64, 41.8 %), complex malformation syndromes (n=37, 24.1 %), isolated malformations (n=24, 15.7 %), musculoskeletal disorders (n=14, 9.2 %) and prenatal non-anomalous fetuses (n=14, 9.2 %). Subgroups showed significant disparities in initial diagnosis of combination of both pathologies, Ratio AFI/ gestational weeks and Doppler ultrasound examinations. Overall mortality rate was 64.7 %. Fetuses prenatally assigned to be non-anomalous, showed further complications in 42.9 % (n=6). Conclusion: Fetuses prenatally diagnosed with FGR combined with polyhydramnios are affected by a high morbidity and mortality. Five etiologic groups can be differentiated, showing significant disparities in prenatal and postnatal outcome. Even without recognizable patterns prenatally, long-term-follow up is necessary, as neurodevelopmental or growth delay may occur.
The expansion of the Universe may be an illusion created by Compton scattering of free electrons
Authors: Cheng GuanFeng
Published: March 2021

The two most precise gauges of the Universe’s expansion rate have recently been in glaring disagreement. The measurement of the Hubble parameter makes the Universe expansion theory more and more confusing, the cosmological redshift may not only be related to distance but also to other factors, and the expansion of the Universe may be just an illusion. The Compton effect of free electrons and low energy photons has been observed in the laboratory. This paper presents a theory: Free electron Compton scattering (FEC) may produce the illusion of the Universe expansion : Photons interact with a large n umber of free electrons on their way to us from a distant source. FEC causes photons to redshift (FEC redshift), and the photon beam expands along the propagation direction, these may produce the illusion of cosmic expansion (FEC cosmic model). FEC redshift is independent of wavelength, and proportional to distance and corresponding electron density, consistent with the Doppler effect of the expansion of the Universe. Flare redshift is a common phenomenon, and it is difficult to use the Doppler effect to explain alone, there is evidence of FEC redshift in flare redshift.
‘Comparison of Safety and Performance of Two Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Devices in Cataract Surgery’
Authors: işcan öznur , Acar Banu Torun , Tarakcı Burcu Nurozler
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To compare the safety and performance of two ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) Bio-Hyalur SV (Sodium Hyaluronate 3.0%) (Biotech Healthcare Group, Luzern, Switzerland) and Protectalon (sodium hyaluronate 2.0%) (VSY Biotechnology, Turkey) in cataract surgery. Methods: One hundred twenty eyes of one hundred twenty patients who underwent phacoemulsification surgery were included in the study. Postoperatively sixty eyes using Bio-Hyalur-SV were classified as Group 1, and sixty eyes using Protectalon as Group 2. Patients aged 45 and over, Grade I, II or III unilateral / double stained cataract, healthy eyes creating cataract inclueded in this study . Endothelial cell morphological parameters including endothelial cell density (ECD), cell number, cell area, coefficient of variation (CV) in cell size, cell hexagonality and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured preoperatively and at postoperative first week, first and third month visits.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with an applanation tonometer at every visit. Results: . There was a statistically significant decrease in the mean ECD all follow-up times when compared with the preoperative visit (p=0.000). In terms of mean ECD levels there was no significant difference between the two groups within three months postoperatively (p=0.616) In the first week after surgery, there was an significant increase in CCT in Group 1 and Group 2 respectively (p=0.000). The IOP was <23 mmHg in all of the patients on the first day after surgery. There was no significant difference in the incidence of IOP peaks between the two groups in every vizits. In both groups, a significant increase was observed in the mean IOP at first day, first week, and first month after surgery compared to preoperative values (p=0.000). But no significant difference in IOP increase in Group 1 (P=0.092), Group 2 (P=0.013) compared to preoperative values ​​at third month postoperatively (p <0.001 significant with Bonferrotti correction). Conclusion: The two OVD’s used in this study during cataract surgery were safe and effective. Both OVD’s resulted in similar rates of transient IOP increases and corneal endothelial damage also provided good anterior chamber depth and were fairly easy to remove.