bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The emotionally-valuable attitude to themselves in adolescents with chronic allergic diseases
Authors: Leushina Ekaterina A
Published: May 2016

In the following work are presented the results of experimental psychological research on suffering from chronic allergic respiratory and skin diseases adolescents’ emotionally-valuable attitude to themselves. As the results of study at 51 adolescents suffering from bronchial asthma concomitant with allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis have been found that chronically ill adolescents tend to identify themselves as sick people, both currently and in the suture, more than their conditionally healthy peers (p ≤ 0.05). However, both boys and girls suffering from the allergic diseases tend to expect to become less ill that now (p ≤ 0.01 for boys and p ≤ 0.05 for girls). After considering the features of their gender identity have been found suffering from allergic diseases adolescents do not expect an increase in their typically male features in the process of growing up, that is typical for their healthy peers (p ≤ 0.01). Moreover, the research has shown that boys with the chronic allergic disease do not expect a decrease of immature deeds in their behavior, which are typical for childhood, that occurs in the normal case of growth. Generally, both adolescents from the experimental and from control group tend to positively react to their personalities taking into account all the existing advantages and disadvantages, marking the lack of self-control in their behavior its dependence on external factors and also a low level of personal activity. After considering the temporal perspective of the personality has been shown that chronically ill and conditionally healthy adolescents see themselves more active, stronger and more respectable in the futures.
Consensus “Cystic Fibrosis: definition, diagnostic criteria, treatment” Section “Microbiology and Epidemiology of chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis”
Authors: Shaginyan Igor A , Chernukha Marina Yu , Kapranov Nikolay I , Kondratyeva Elena I , Kashirskaya Nataliya Yu , Amelina Elena L , Asherova Irina K , Volkov Igor K , Gembitskaya T E , Ginter Evgeniy K , Ilyenkova Nataliya A , Karimova Irina P , Krasovsky Stanislav A , Merzlova Nina B , Nazarenko Ludmila P , Namazova-Baranova Leila S , Neretina Alla F , Nikonova Victoria S , Orlov Aleksandr V , Postnikov Sergei S , Protasova Tatiyana A , Semykin Sergei Yu , Sergienko Diana F , Simonova Olga I , Uspenskaya Irina D , Shabalova Lidiya A , Sherman Victoria D
Published: May 2016

The main causative agents of lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and H. influenzae. In the last decade, gram-negative nonfermentative microorganisms (NFMO) - Вurkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, fungi of the genus Aspergillus have acquired the clinical significance. It is found that the chronic lung infection in 2/3 of the cases caused by association of microorganisms. Among hospitalized patients, in contrast to outpatients, these associations are represented by two, three or more species of microorganisms. The associations of P. aeruginosa + S. aureus (18,2 %) and P. aeruginosa + Bcc (9,1 %) are the most common. Other representatives - A. xylosoxidans, S. maltophilia and A. baumanii - is often identified in the associations of microorganisms. The focuses of chronic lung infections are formed in patients with increasing age. The dominant pathogens are P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The methicillinresistant staphylococci and P. aeruginosa strains with a mucoid phenotype are of particular importance for cystic fibrosis patients. Bcc isolates from cystic fibrosis patients in Russia often belong to genomovar III A-B. cenocepacia. The Bcc strains colonize the lower airways of patients with CF and are able for long-term persistence and transmission from patient to patient. The resistance to many antibiotics is the main feature of the P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and Bcc strains. The strains of microorganisms with atypical phenotype (small colony variants) are formed under the action of the antibiotic. Infections caused by Bcc and other NFMO are difficult to identify and we need to use a wide range of bacteriological, biochemical, molecular biological techniques and mass spectrometry.
Educação Nutricional no Controle do Ganho de Peso Interdialítico de Pacientes em Hemodiálise
Authors: Rodrigues Annelise Manfrinatti , Bento Leda Márcia Araujo , Silva Talita Polli Curcino
Published: May 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto da educação nutricional no controle do ganho de peso interdialítico de pacientes em hemodiálise. Foram avaliados sessenta pacientes e as variáveis estudadas foram: perfil social, conhecimento prévio e adquirido com o projeto, média do GPID e IMC. O estudo avaliou que o sexo masculino foi predominante, a idade variou de 18 a 81 anos, o tempo de tratamento de 4 a 160 meses e a doença de base mais frequente foi a Hipertensão Arterial. Quanto ao IMC, o excesso de peso foi encontrado em 48,33% dos pacientes. O número de acertos no questionário de conhecimento aumentou em 7,75%, e não houve alteração significativa no GPID (de 2,65 ± 1,00 kg para 2,66 ± 1,15 kg). Conclui-se que com a intervenção nutricional houve aumento do conhecimento dos participantes com relação ao ganho de peso, no entanto, a mudança comportamental não foi significativa ao ponto de justificar redução do GPID.
Reflexões Sobre a Função e as Contribuições da Experimentação no Ensino de Ciências
Authors: Gonzales Kátia Guerchi , Gonzales Eliéverson Guerchi , Sabino José , Ribeiro Robson Fleming
Published: May 2016

Esta investigação teve como intuito abordar o tema da experimentação e seu locus no ensino de Ciências, principalmente no que diz respeito à aprendizagem no ensino de Ciências. O estudo analisou a produção de pesquisadores sobre a experimentação, procurando identificar e compreender aspectos e perspectivas que têm sido destacados nas pesquisas, observando os desafios, dificuldades, superações e os ganhos de trabalhar com atividades experimentais no ensino. A pesquisa analisou um conjunto representativo de 46 artigos publicados em quatro periódicos com estrato Qualis/Capes A1 e A2, durante o período de 1996 a 2014. A análise da realização das aulas experimentais quanto ao ambiente, foi dividida em três categorias: laboratórios didáticos, laboratórios remotos e locais diversos. A pesquisa identificou que as práticas experimentais apresentam maior tendência de ser realizada em laboratórios didáticos e que as publicações sobre a prática experimental nas aulas de Ciências não seguem um padrão contínuo, ou seja, há variações, em termos quantitativos, de ano para ano. Outro dado identificado foi que a maioria dos trabalhos está vinculada a pesquisas realizadas no ensino médio e analisa a experimentação com base em referenciais de
aprendizagem.
Alfabetização Científica: diferentes abordagens e alguns direcionamentos para o Ensino de Ciências
Authors: Da Costa Washington Luiz , Ribeiro Robson Fleming , Zompero Andreia De Freitas
Published: May 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão sobre as diferentes denominações para o termo Alfabetização Científica, como também para suas diversas abordagens. A sociedade atual necessita de cidadãos preparados para o entendimento das discussões referentes aos avanços científicos e tecnológicos, como também das implicações desse desenvolvimento na vida das pessoas. Após a apresentação das abordagens é possível identificar três dimensões para a perspectiva de Alfabetização Científica, como a compreensão de conceitos, a natureza da ciência e as relações que se estabelecem entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade.
PESANTREN MANHAJ SALAFI: PENDIDIKAN ISLAM MODEL BARU DI INDONESIA
Authors: Irham Irham
Published: May 2016

This article explains the devolopment of Islamic education in Indonesia, especially in pesantren (Islamic Boarding School) which is salafi manhaj. It aims at finding islamic education model developed at salafi manhaj pesantren. It uses library research. This article concludes that salafi manhaj pesantren currently becomes new model of Islamic education in Indonesia. This model differs from those applied in most pesantrens in Indonesia. The factor triggering its development is the effect of the transnational of Islam. This factor can further complete the theory of Islamic education change in Indonesia proposed by Karel Steenbrink.

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang perkembangan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Fokus pembahasannya adalah pesantren yang bermanhaj salafi. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menemukan bentuk pendidikan Islam yang berkembang pada pesantren yang berideologi salafi (manhaj salafi). Kajian ini menggunakan metode kepustakaan. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwasanya pesantren bermanhaj salafi merupakan bentuk pendidikan Islam model baru di Indonesia saat ini. Model pesantren ini berbeda dengan pesantren pada umumnya yang sudah lama berkembang di Indonesia. Faktor pemicu perkembangannya adalah pengaruh dari Islam arus global, dan faktor ini dapat melengkapi teori perubahan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia menurut Karel Steenbrink.
An evidence assessment tool for ecosystem services and conservation studies
Authors: Mupepele Anne‐Christine , Walsh Jessica C. , Sutherland William J. , Dormann Carsten F.
Published: May 2016

Reliability of scientific findings is important, especially if they directly impact decision making, such as in environmental management. In the 1990s, assessments of reliability in the medical field resulted in the development of evidence‐based practice. Ten years later, evidence‐based practice was translated into conservation, but so far no guidelines exist on how to assess the evidence of individual studies. Assessing the evidence of individual studies is essential to appropriately identify and synthesize the confidence in research findings. We develop a tool to assess the strength of evidence of ecosystem services and conservation studies. This tool consists of (1) a hierarchy of evidence, based on the experimental design of studies and (2) a critical‐appraisal checklist that identifies the quality of research implementation. The application is illustrated with 13 examples and we suggest further steps to move towards more evidence‐based environmental management.
Cannibalism amplifies the spread of vertically transmitted pathogens
Authors: Sadeh Asaf , Rosenheim Jay A.
Published: May 2016

Cannibalism is a widespread behavior. Abundant empirical evidence demonstrates that cannibals incur a risk of contracting pathogenic infections when they consume infected conspecifics. However, current theory suggests that cannibalism generally impedes disease spread, because each victim is usually consumed by a single cannibal, such that cannibalism does not function as a spreading process. Consequently, cannibalism cannot be the only mode of transmission of most parasites. We develop simple, but general epidemiological models to analyze the interaction of cannibalism and vertical transmission. We show that cannibalism increases the prevalence of vertically transmitted pathogens whenever the host population density is not solely regulated by cannibalism. This mechanism, combined with additional, recently published, theoretical mechanisms, presents a strong case for the role of cannibalism in the spread of infectious diseases across a wide range of parasite–host systems.
Adaptation services of floodplains and wetlands under transformational climate change
Authors: Colloff Matthew J. , Lavorel Sandra , Wise Russell M. , Dunlop Michael , Overton Ian C. , Williams Kristen J.
Published: May 2016

Adaptation services are the ecosystem processes and services that benefit people by increasing their ability to adapt to change. Benefits may accrue from existing but newly used services where ecosystems persist or from novel services supplied following ecosystem transformation. Ecosystem properties that enable persistence or transformation are important adaptation services because they support future options. The adaptation services approach can be applied to decisions on trade‐offs between currently valued services and benefits from maintaining future options. For example, ecosystem functions and services of floodplains depend on river flows. In those regions of the world where climate change projections are for hotter, drier conditions, floods will be less frequent and floodplains will either persist, though with modified structure and function, or transform to terrestrial (flood‐independent) ecosystems. Many currently valued ecosystem services will reduce in supply or become unavailable, but new options are provided by adaptation services. We present a case study from the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia, for operationalizing the adaptation services concept for floodplains and wetlands. We found large changes in flow and flood regimes are likely under a scenario of +1.6°C by 2030, even with additional water restored to rivers under the proposed Murray–Darling Basin Plan. We predict major changes to floodplain ecosystems, including contraction of riparian forests and woodlands and expansion of terrestrial, drought‐tolerant vegetation communities. Examples of adaptation services under this scenario include substitution of irrigated agriculture with dryland cropping and floodplain grazing; mitigation of damage from rarer, extreme floods; and increased tourism, recreational, and cultural values derived from fewer, smaller wetlands that can be maintained with environmental flows. Management for adaptation services will require decisions on where intervention can enable ecosystem persistence and where transformation is inevitable. New ways of managing water that include consideration of the increasing importance of adaptation services requires major changes to decision‐making that better account for landscape heterogeneity and large‐scale change rather than attempting to maintain ecosystems in fixed states.
Limited carbon and biodiversity co‐benefits for tropical forest mammals and birds
Authors: Beaudrot Lydia , Kroetz Kailin , Alvarez‐Loayza Patricia , Amaral Ieda , Breuer Thomas , Fletcher Christine , Jansen Patrick A. , Kenfack David , Lima Marcela Guimarães Moreira , Marshall Andrew R. , Martin Emanuel H. , Ndoundou‐Hockemba Mireille , O'Brien Timothy , Razafimahaimodison Jean Claude , Romero‐Saltos Hugo , Rovero Francesco , Roy Cisquet Hector , Sheil Douglas , Silva Carlos E.F. , Spironello Wilson Roberto , Valencia Renato , Zvoleff Alex , Ahumada Jorge , Andelman Sandy
Published: May 2016

The conservation of tropical forest carbon stocks offers the opportunity to curb climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and simultaneously conserve biodiversity. However, there has been considerable debate about the extent to which carbon stock conservation will provide benefits to biodiversity in part because whether forests that contain high carbon density in their aboveground biomass also contain high animal diversity is unknown. Here, we empirically examined medium to large bodied ground‐dwelling mammal and bird (hereafter “wildlife”) diversity and carbon stock levels within the tropics using camera trap and vegetation data from a pantropical network of sites. Specifically, we tested whether tropical forests that stored more carbon contained higher wildlife species richness, taxonomic diversity, and trait diversity. We found that carbon stocks were not a significant predictor for any of these three measures of diversity, which suggests that benefits for wildlife diversity will not be maximized unless wildlife diversity is explicitly taken into account; prioritizing carbon stocks alone will not necessarily meet biodiversity conservation goals. We recommend conservation planning that considers both objectives because there is the potential for more wildlife diversity and carbon stock conservation to be achieved for the same total budget if both objectives are pursued in tandem rather than independently. Tropical forests with low elevation variability and low tree density supported significantly higher wildlife diversity. These tropical forest characteristics may provide more affordable proxies of wildlife diversity for future multi‐objective conservation planning when fine scale data on wildlife are lacking.
Convergence of detrital stoichiometry predicts thresholds of nutrient‐stimulated breakdown in streams
Authors: Manning David W. P. , Rosemond Amy D. , Gulis Vladislav , Benstead Jonathan P. , Kominoski John S. , Maerz John C.
Published: May 2016

Nutrient enrichment of detritus‐based streams increases detrital resource quality for consumers and stimulates breakdown rates of particulate organic carbon (C). The relative importance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (N) vs. phosphorus (P) for detrital quality and their effects on microbial‐ vs. detritivore‐mediated detrital breakdown are poorly understood. We tested effects of experimental N and P additions on detrital stoichiometry (C:N, C:P) and total and microbial breakdown (i.e., with and without detritivorous shredders, respectively) of five detritus types (four leaf litter species and wood) with different initial C : nutrient content. We enriched five headwater streams continuously for two years at different relative availabilities of N and P and compared breakdown rates and detrital stoichiometry to pretreatment conditions. Total breakdown rates increased with nutrient enrichment and were predicted by altered detrital stoichiometry. Streamwater N and P, fungal biomass, and their interactions affected stoichiometry of detritus. Streamwater N and P decreased detrital C:N, whereas streamwater P had stronger negative effects on detrital C:P. Nutrient addition and fungal biomass reduced C:N by 70% and C:P by 83% on average after conditioning, compared to only 26% for C:N and 10% for C:P under pretreatment conditions. Detritus with lowest initial nutrient content changed the most and had greatest increases in total breakdown rates. Detrital stoichiometry was reduced and differences among detritus types were homogenized by nutrient enrichment. With enrichment, detrital nutrient content approached detritivore nutritional requirements and stimulated greater detritivore vs. microbial litter breakdown. We used breakpoint regression to estimate values of detrital stoichiometry that can potentially be used to indicate elevated breakdown rates. Breakpoint ratios for total breakdown were 41 (C:N) and 1518 (C:P), coinciding with total breakdown rates that were ~1.9 times higher when C:N or C:P fell below these breakpoints. Microbial and shredder‐mediated breakdown rates both increased when C:N and C:P were reduced, suggesting that detrital stoichiometry is useful for predicting litter breakdown dominated by either microbial or shredder activity. Our results show strong effects of nutrient enrichment on detrital stoichiometry and offer a robust link between a potential holistic nutrient loading metric (decreased and homogenized detrital stoichiometry) and increased C loss from stream ecosystems.
Ecological similarity is related to phylogenetic distance between species in a cross‐niche field transplant experiment
Authors: Anacker Brian L. , Strauss Sharon Y.
Published: May 2016

To determine whether phylogenetic relatedness predicts ecological niche differences and community assembly in the field, we transplanted 16 focal plant species into field niches of species of increasing phylogenetic relatedness, manipulated the presence of plant neighbors, and measured environmental covariates. We found that plant survivorship declined with increasing phylogenetic distance in the presence of neighbors, but with neighbor removal, reached a low point in field niches occupied by species diverged at 63 My, the maximum age of confamilials in our study, and then increased again in the sites of distant relatives. Plant biomass was similarly nonlinear, and niche differences increased with neighbor removal. Competitive response showed a linear decline with relatedness. We compared our experimental results to natural community composition, finding that conspecifics and distant relatives were more likely to co‐occur at smaller spatial scales, as predicted by our measures of performance.
Integrating population dynamics models and distance sampling data: a spatial hierarchical state‐space approach
Authors: Nadeem Khurram , Moore Jeffrey E. , Zhang Ying , Chipman Hugh
Published: May 2016

Stochastic versions of Gompertz, Ricker, and various other dynamics models play a fundamental role in quantifying strength of density dependence and studying long‐term dynamics of wildlife populations. These models are frequently estimated using time series of abundance estimates that are inevitably subject to observation error and missing data. This issue can be addressed with a state‐space modeling framework that jointly estimates the observed data model and the underlying stochastic population dynamics (SPD) model. In cases where abundance data are from multiple locations with a smaller spatial resolution (e.g., from mark–recapture and distance sampling studies), models are conventionally fitted to spatiallypooledestimates of yearly abundances. Here, we demonstrate that a spatial version of SPD models can be directly estimated from short time series of spatially referenced distance sampling data in a unified hierarchical state‐space modeling framework that also allows for spatial variance (covariance) in population growth. We also show that a full range of likelihood based inference, including estimability diagnostics and model selection, is feasible in this class of models using a data cloning algorithm. We further show through simulation experiments that the hierarchical state‐space framework introduced herein efficiently captures the underlying dynamical parameters and spatial abundance distribution. We apply our methodology by analyzing a time series of line‐transect distance sampling data for fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) off the U.S. west coast. Although there were only seven surveys conducted during the study time frame, 1991–2014, our analysis detected presence of strong density regulation and provided reliable estimates of fin whale densities. In summary, we show that the integrative framework developed herein allows ecologists to better infer key population characteristics such as presence of density regulation and spatial variability in a population's intrinsic growth potential.
Estimating local biodiversity change: a critique of papers claiming no net loss of local diversity
Authors: Gonzalez Andrew , Cardinale Bradley J. , Allington Ginger R. H. , Byrnes Jarrett , Arthur Endsley K. , Brown Daniel G. , Hooper David U. , Isbell Forest , O'Connor Mary I. , Loreau Michel
Published: May 2016

Global species extinction rates are orders of magnitude above the background rate documented in the fossil record. However, recent data syntheses have found mixed evidence for patterns of net species loss at local spatial scales. For example, two recent data meta‐analyses have found that species richness is decreasing in some locations and is increasing in others. When these trends are combined, these papers argued there has been no net change in species richness, and suggested this pattern is globally representative of biodiversity change at local scales. Here we reanalyze results of these data syntheses and outline why this conclusion is unfounded. First, we show the datasets collated for these syntheses are spatially biased and not representative of the spatial distribution of species richness or the distribution of many primary drivers of biodiversity change. This casts doubt that their results are representative of global patterns. Second, we argue that detecting the trend in local species richness is very difficult with short time series and can lead to biased estimates of change. Reanalyses of the data detected a signal of study duration on biodiversity change, indicating net biodiversity loss is most apparent in studies of longer duration. Third, estimates of species richness change can be biased if species gains during post‐disturbance recovery are included without also including species losses that occurred during the disturbance. Net species gains or losses should be assessed with respect to common baselines or reference communities. Ultimately, we need a globally coordinated effort to monitor biodiversity so that we can estimate and attribute human impacts as causes of biodiversity change. A combination of technologies will be needed to produce regularly updated global datasets of local biodiversity change to guide future policy. At this time the conclusion that there is no net change in local species richness is not the consensus state of knowledge.
Intraspecific leaf chemistry drives locally accelerated ecosystem function in aquatic and terrestrial communities
Authors: Jackrel Sara L. , Morton Timothy C. , Wootton J. Timothy
Published: May 2016

Resource patchiness influences consumer foraging, movement, and physiology. Fluxes across ecosystem boundaries can extend these effects to otherwise distinct food webs. Intraspecific diversity of these cross‐ecosystem subsidies can have large consequences for recipient systems. Here, we show intraspecific variation in leaf defensive chemistry of riparian trees drives local adaptation among terrestrial and riverine decomposers that consume shed leaf litter. We found extensive geographic structuring of ellagitannins, diarylheptanoids, and flavonoids in red alder trees. Ellagitannins, particularly those with strong oxidative activity, drive aquatic leaf decomposition. Further, spatial variation in these leaf components drives local ecological matching: in experiments using artificial food sources distinguished only by the chemical content of individual trees, we found decomposers both on land and in rivers more quickly consumed locally derived food sources. These results illustrate that terrestrial processes can change the chemistry of cross‐ecosystem subsidies in ways that ultimately alter ecosystem function in donor and recipient systems.
Sediments and flow have mainly independent effects on multitrophic stream communities and ecosystem functions
Authors: Mustonen Kaisa‐Riikka , Mykrä Heikki , Louhi Pauliina , Markkola Annamari , Tolkkinen Mikko , Huusko Ari , Alioravainen Nico , Lehtinen Sirkku , Muotka Timo
Published: May 2016

Stream ecosystems are affected by multiple abiotic stressors, and species responses to simultaneous stressors may differ from those predicted based on single‐stressor responses. Using 12 semi‐natural stream channels, we examined the individual and interactive effects of flow level (low or high flow) and addition of fine sediments (grain size <2 mm) on key ecosystem processes (leaf breakdown, algal biomass accrual) and benthic macroinvertebrate and fungal communities. Both stressors had mostly independent effects on biological responses, with sand addition being the more influential of the two. Sand addition decreased algal biomass and microbe‐mediated leaf breakdown significantly, whereas invertebrate shredder‐mediated breakdown only responded to flow level. Macroinvertebrate community composition responded significantly to both stressors. Fungal biomass decreased and shredder abundance increased when sand was added; thus, organisms at different trophic levels can exhibit highly variable responses to the same stressor. Terrestrial endophytic fungi were abundant in low‐flow flumes where leaf mass loss was also highest, indicating that terrestrial endophytes may contribute importantly to leaf decomposition in the aquatic environment. Leaf breakdown rates depended on the identity and abundance of the dominant decomposer species, suggesting that the effects of anthropogenic activities on ecosystem processes may be driven by changes in the abundance of a few key species. The few observed interactive effects were all antagonistic (i.e., less than the sum of the individual effects); for example, increased flow stimulated algal biomass accumulation but this effect was largely cancelled by sand. While our finding that sand and stream flow did not have strong synergistic effects can be considered reassuring for management, future experiments should manipulate these and other human stressors in experiments that run for much longer periods, thus focusing on the long‐term impacts of multiple simultaneously operating stressors.
Compensatory dynamics stabilize aggregate community properties in response to multiple types of perturbations
Authors: Brown Bryan L. , Downing Amy L. , Leibold Mathew A.
Published: May 2016

Compensatory dynamics are an important suite of mechanisms that can stabilize community and ecosystem attributes in systems subject to environmental fluctuations. However, few experimental investigations of compensatory dynamics have addressed these mechanisms in systems of real‐world complexity, and existing evidence relies heavily on correlative analyses, retrospective examination, and experiments in simple systems. We investigated the potential for compensatory dynamics to stabilize plankton communities in plankton mesocosm systems of real‐world complexity. We employed four types of perturbations including two types of nutrient pulses, shading, and acidification. To quantify how communities responded to these perturbations, we used a measure of community‐wide synchrony combined with spectral analysis that allowed us to assess timescale‐specific community dynamics, for example, whether dynamics were synchronous at some timescales but compensatory at others. The 150‐d experiment produced 32‐point time series of all zooplankton taxa in the mesocosms. We then used those time series to evaluate total zooplankton biomass as an aggregate property and to evaluate community dynamics. For three of our four perturbation types, total zooplankton biomass was significantly less variable in systems with environmental variation than in constant environments. For the same three perturbation types, community‐wide synchrony was much lower in fluctuating environments than in the constant environment, particularly at longer timescales (periods ≈ 60 d). Additionally, there were strong negative correlations between population temporal variances and the level of community‐wide synchrony. Taken together, these results strongly imply that compensatory interactions between species stabilized total biomass in response to perturbations. Diversity did not differ significantly across either treatments or perturbation types, thus ruling out several classes of mechanisms driven by changes in diversity. We also used several pieces of secondary evidence to evaluate the particular mechanism behind compensatory responses since a wide variety of mechanisms are hypothesized to produce compensatory dynamics. We concluded that fluctuation dependent endogenous cycles that occur as a consequence of consumer–resource interactions in competitive communities were the most likely explanation for the compensatory dynamics observed in our experiment. As with our previous work, scale‐dependent dynamics were also a key to understanding compensatory dynamics in these experimental communities.
Coaching nutricional para la pérdida de peso
Authors: Giménez Sánchez Jaume , Fleta Sánchez Yolanda , Meya Molina Alba
Published: May 2016

Introducción: debido a la alta prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad se hacen necesarias nuevas estrategias para su prevención y tratamiento. El coaching nutricional (CN) ha emergido en los últimos años y ha demostrado ser efectivo para la pérdida de peso aunque, al ser un concepto innovador, no siempre se utiliza apropiadamente.Objetivo: verificar si el CN, junto con el asesoramiento técnico, es una estrategia efectiva para la disminución de peso en población con sobrepeso u obesidad en comparación con el asesoramiento nutricional por sí solo.Material y métodos: se revisó la bibliografía referente a CN para determinar los parámetros de calidad en cuanto a esta intervención. Se realizó una búsqueda de estudios controlados aleatorizados que aplicaran CN según los parámetros seleccionados y lo compararan con asesoramiento técnico nutricional.Resultados: se analizaron ocho estudios con alta calidad en la intervención de coaching y calidad metodológica media o alta. Seis de ellos indicaron diferencias significativas a favor del grupo que recibió CN.Conclusión: el CN es una estrategia efectiva para bajar de peso. Se necesitan más investigaciones con una definición clara de la metodología utilizada para aportar solidez a este nuevo enfoque.
Impacto de una adecuada codificación de la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad en los índices hospitalarios
Authors: Ballesteros Pomar María D. , Suárez Gutiérrez Alfonso , Calleja Fernández Alicia , Pintor de la Maza Begoña , Urioste Fondo Ana , Vidal Casariego Alfonso , Villar Taibo Rocío , Otero Redondo Concepción , Herrero Moratiel Manuel , Cano Rodríguez Isidoro , Burón Llamazares Juan Luis
Published: May 2016

Introducción: la desnutrición relacionada con la enfermedad (DRE) afecta al menos a una cuarta parte de los pacientes hospitalizados, aumentando la morbimortalidad del paciente durante su hospitalización y al alta. Sin embargo, su repercusión en la actividad hospitalaria no está bien cuantificada.Objetivo: determinar el impacto de una adecuada codificación de la DRE y los procedimientos empleados para revertirla en el peso medio del hospital y otros índices hospitalarios.Material y métodos: estudio comparativo realizado en todos los pacientes subsidiarios de soporte nutricional artificial seguidos por la Unidad de Nutrición Clínica y Dietética de la Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición (UNCyD-SEyN) del Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León durante los años 2008 y 2013. Se realizó un informe de codificación nutricional del diagnóstico, el tratamiento nutricional y la vía de acceso según la CIE-9-MC. Se comparó el peso medio depurado del hospital, el índice de estancia media ajustada (IEMA), la casuística e índice de funcionamiento previo a la codificación nutricional y tras la misma.Resultados: el peso medio depurado del hospital se incrementó tras la codificación, tanto en 2008 (+ 4,1%) como en 2013 (+1,7%) y especialmente en aquellos servicios en los que se realiza cribado nutricional (Hematología, +10,5%). El IEMA se redujo por debajo de 1 (-5,7% y -0,2% en 2008 y 2013), indicando un mejor funcionamiento, y también disminuyó el índice funcional (-5,6% y -0,4% en 2008 y 2013), lo que supondría una mayor eficiencia.Conclusión: la correcta codificación del diagnóstico y el tratamiento nutricional del paciente con desnutrición aumenta el peso medio depurado de un hospital de tercer nivel, y mejora el IEMA y el índice de funcionamiento.
Consumo temprano de líquidos diferentes a leche materna en niños mexicanos menores de 1 año: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012
Authors: González-Castell Dinorah , González de Cosío Teresita , Rodríguez-Ramírez Sonia , Escobar-Zaragoza Leticia
Published: May 2016

Introducción: los estudios en consumo dietético infantil no se enfocan generalmente al tipo de líquidos consumidos.Objetivo: documentar los líquidos presentes en la dieta de infantes mexicanos < 1 año, participantes en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (ENSANUT-2012) de acuerdo a su edad y lactancia.Métodos: se analizaron las prácticas de alimentación de infantes < 1 año de la ENSANUT-2012 en niños no amamantados (no-A) y amamantados (A) determinado por status quo para el consumo de líquidos agrupados en: agua, fórmula, leche fortificada LICONSA, líquidos nutritivos (LN; atole con agua o leche y café con leche) y líquidos no-nutritivos (Lno-N): agua endulzada, bebidas a base de agua, tes, caldos de frijol o pollo, aguamiel y café con agua. A partir del recuerdo de la madre en los tres primeros días de nacidos (recién nacidos) de los infantes < 1 año, analizamos el consumo de líquidos sin agrupar. Calculamos porcentajes e intervalos de confianza (IC 95%) ajustados por diseño de encuesta. Las diferencias estadísticas se analizaron a través de la prueba Z con un valor p < 0,05.Resultados: en infantes < 6 meses se observó un alto consumo de leche materna seguido por fórmula (56,7%) y agua (51,1%). Fue más alta la proporción del consumo Lno-N en infantes no-A que en amamantados (p < 0,05). Más del 60% de infantes entre 6 meses y 1 año consumieron fórmula y no eran amamantados. En recién nacidos predominó el consumo de fórmula seguido por té o infusión.Conclusiones: los líquidos diferentes a la leche materna se encuentran indeseablemente en la alimentación de infantes mexicanos y los líquidos no nutritivos son consumidos antes que los nutritivos, resaltando negativas prácticas dietéticas tempranamente.
Performance of a Beryllium Copper Nonmagnetic Drill Collar Alloy
Authors: Dunlevey F.
Published: May 2016

Laboratory characterization and field testing show the advantages of beryllium copper Alloy 25 for use in non-magnetic drill collars, stabilizers, and subs. Beryllium copper is resistant to stress corrosion cracking failures at elevated temperature and pressure in the presence of hydrogen sulfide and dissolved chloride solutions. The alloy is more resistant than stainless steel to galling failure in threaded joints.
A New Simple Design Method for the Plate Foundation of a Transmission Tower in Subsidence Area
Authors: Shu Qianjin , Yuan Guanglin , Jia Leiliang , Wang Yong-an , Zhou Jing
Published: May 2016

In this article, we present a simple design method for the plate foundation of a transmission tower in a mining area, which is based on the theory of beam rested on an elastic foundation. The corresponding theoretical model has been developed with the synergistic reaction of a composite protection plate by considering the mining subsidence of ground. On the basis of this model, the function of flexural deformation and the distribution function of bending moment of the protection plate and their corresponding base counterforce have been deduced. The analysis of selected example shows that the control bending moment of the protection plate is the maximum positive bending moment at the center of the cross section during the moving process of pelvic floor. The tilt deformation is minimum, when the tower is either at the bottom or at the verge of pelvic floor. The tilt deformation is maximum at one-fourth times of the length of pelvic floor and is away from the bottom and the verge of pelvic floor. The contact pressure between the plate foundation and the soil is similar to a U-shaped distribution, when the protection plate is in pelvic floor area of a positive (curvature) deformation, and it is a M-shaped distribution, when the protection plate is in pelvic floor area of a negative (curvature) deformation. We do not observe any change of the contact pressure at the midpoint of the protection plate during the moving process of the basin.
Potential of Brass to Remove Inorganic Hg(II) from Aqueous Solution through Amalgamation
Authors: Wenke Axel , Bollen Anne , Richard Jan‐Helge , Biester Harald
Published: May 2016

Brass shavings (CuZn45) were tested for their efficiency to remove Hg(II) from contaminated groundwater through amalgamation. The study was focused on long‐term retention efficiency, the understanding of the amalgamation process and kinetics, and influences of filter surface alteration.

Column tests were performed with brass filters (thickness 3 to 9 cm) flushed with 1000 μg/L Hg solution for 8 hours under different flow rates (300 to 600 mL/h). Brass filters consistently removed >98% of Hg from solution independent of filter thickness and flow rate. In a long‐term experiment (filter thickness 2 cm), Hg retention decreased from 96 to 92% within 2000 hours. Batch and column experiments for studying kinetics of Hg removal indicate ~100% Hg removal from solution within only 2 hours. Solid‐phase mercury thermo‐desorption analysis revealed that Hg(0) diffusion into the brass surface controls kinetics of mercury retention. Brass surface alteration could be observed, but did not influence Hg retention.
In vivo methodology in behavioural pharmacology - where are we now?
Authors: Samardzic Janko , Borovcanin Milica , Djukic-Dejanovic Slavica , Jancic Jasna , Djuric Milos , Obradovic Dragan
Published: May 2016

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Extraskeletal activity of vitamin D and a potential association with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Dragovic Tamara , Radjen Slavica , Djurovic Branka , Rabrenovic Violeta
Published: May 2016

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Erdheim-Chester disease: A case report
Authors: Petrovic Stanko , Doder Radoje , Perisic Nenad , Petrovic Marijana , Brcerevic Irina , Roganovic Branka
Published: May 2016

Introduction. Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans-cell
histiocytosis. About 500 cases are published so far. It is multisystemic
disease characterised by bilateral symmetric long bones sclerosis. Main
histopathological finding is accumulation of big foamy histiocytes,
immunohistochemically positive to CD68, and negative to S-100 and CD1a. There
are no guidelines that reliably identify population that requires therapy,
but symptomatic ECD, organ failure and central nervous system involvement
re-quire treatment. Case report. We described a patient with a multisystemic
form of ECD affecting long bones, the hypophysis, abdomen, and the peripheral
nerves. Five years after initial symptoms ECD was suspected. Prednison was
initiated, 60 mg once a day. After obtaining the diagnosis of ECD, interferon
alpha 2A was introduced, but soon after stopped due to severe side effects.
Considering that histiocytes were positive to platelet derived growth factor
receptor alpha (PDGFR alpha) imatinib mesylate was started, but after two
months stopped due to no clinical and radiological improvement. The disease
was worsening and the patient died. Conclusion. We described the patient with
intraperitoneal form of ECD, without cardiac and pulmonary involvement. There
are several important issues: the diagnosis of ECD could be difficult to
make, three treatment regimens were included and the patient died nine years
after the initial symptoms due to indolent course of the disease and
unsuccessful treatment.
A case of transorbital intracranial injury presenting with subtle neurological deficit
Authors: Parajuli Anil , Bastola Jyoti , Shrestha Gulshan Bahadur , Shrestha Jyoti Baba
Published: May 2016

Background: Ocular trauma is a major cause of visual morbidity. Objective: To present a rare case of transorbital intracranial injury extending up to the left internal carotid artery (ICA) with no other systemic neural deficit except for the ocular manifestations. Case: A 14-year-old female presented to our out-patient department (OPD) with the history of trauma to her left eye with stumps of bamboo shoots secondary to a fall injury. Examination and investigations revealed a foreign body extending from left inferior conjunctival fornix into the intracranial cavity, occluding the various segments of left ICA. The patient subsquently underwent craniotomy and foreign body removal by a combined team of neurosurgeons and ophthalmologists. On discharge, the patient had slight improvement in extraocular motility of her left eye. However the trauma rendered the affected eye, non-seeing. Conclusion: The intracranial extent of a foreign body entering the cranium via the transorbital route cannot be judged merely by the clinical findings of the nervous system and ocular examination. These patients need timely management by the combined effort of ophthalmologists, neurosurgeons and radiologists.
Requirements for Designing Living Wall Systems – Analysing System Studies on Hungarian Projects
Authors: Tamási Alexandra , Dobszay Gergely
Published: May 2016

The concept of green façade design has recently come into prominence. Considering it as a new trade that requires its own professionals is quite new. The current innovative structural solutions have extended the research field of green walls to an interdisciplinary level. Architecture, horticulture, engineering (lighting technology, fertilizing technology) are now essential spheres, which can be supported by IT technologies. Studies concerning green walls are cost-benefit analyses, their potential for energy savings or their role in decreasing air pollutants. The fact that 22 m2 plant surface saves 1 tonne of CO2 highlights the application of vertical gardens. Hardly any research examines the practical use and requirements of living wall systems. Although serving the same purpose of creating a vertical green surface, each system has different requirements. The aim of this paper is to reference the essential requirements and important practical information that must be considered when designing a living wall.
Animal Welfare: Freedoms, Dominions and “A Life Worth Living”
Authors: Webster John
Published: May 2016

This opinion paper considers the relative validity and utility of three concepts: the Five Freedoms (FF), Five Domains (FD) and Quality of Life (QoL) as tools for the analysis of animal welfare. The aims of FF and FD are different but complementary. FD seeks to assess the impact of the physical and social environment on the mental (affective) state of a sentient animal, FF is an outcome-based approach to identify and evaluate the efficacy of specific actions necessary to promote well-being. Both have utility. The concept of QoL is presented mainly as a motivational framework. The FD approach provides an effective foundation for research and evidence-based conclusions as to the impact of the things we do on the mental state of the animals in our care. Moreover, it is one that can evolve with time. The FF are much simpler. They do not attempt to achieve an overall picture of mental state and welfare status, but the principles upon which they are based are timeless. Their aim is to be no more than a memorable set of signposts to right action. Since, so far as the animals are concerned, it is not what we think but what we do that counts, I suggest that they are likely to have a more general impact.
A Fast Reactive Power Optimization in Distribution Network Based on Large Random Matrix Theory and Data Analysis
Authors: Sheng Wanxing , Liu Keyan , Pei Hongyan , Li Yunhua , Jia Dongli , Diao Yinglong
Published: May 2016

In this paper, a reactive power optimization method based on historical data is investigated to solve the dynamic reactive power optimization problem in distribution network. In order to reflect the variation of loads, network loads are represented in a form of random matrix. Load similarity (LS) is defined to measure the degree of similarity between the loads in different days and the calculation method of the load similarity of load random matrix (LRM) is presented. By calculating the load similarity between the forecasting random matrix and the random matrix of historical load, the historical reactive power optimization dispatching scheme that most matches the forecasting load can be found for reactive power control usage. The differences of daily load curves between working days and weekends in different seasons are considered in the proposed method. The proposed method is tested on a standard 14 nodes distribution network with three different types of load. The computational result demonstrates that the proposed method for reactive power optimization is fast, feasible and effective in distribution network.
Styrene-Based Copolymer for Polymer Membrane Modifications
Authors: Srivastava Harsha , Lade Harshad , Paul Diby , Arthanareeswaran G. , Kweon Ji
Published: May 2016

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was modified with a styrene-based copolymer. The crystalline behavior, phase, thermal stability, and surface morphology of the modified membranes were analyzed. The membrane surface roughness showed a strong dependence on the styrene-acrylonitrile content and was reduced to 34% for a PVDF/styrene-acrylonitrile blend membrane with a 40/60 ratio. The thermal and crystalline behavior confirmed the blend miscibility of both polymers. It was observed in X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments that the modified PVDF membranes show a drastic reduction in their crystallinity. The neat PVDF membrane has the highest degradation rate, which decreased with the addition of the styrene-based copolymer.