bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced weighted hybridized approach for recommendation system
Authors: Banik Debajyoty , Satapathy Suresh Chandra , Agarwal Mansheel
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to describe the usage of a hybrid weightage-based recommender system focused on books and implementing it at an industrial level, using various recommendation approaches. Additionally, it focuses on integrating the model into the most widely used platform application.

Design/methodology/approach

It is an industrial level implementation of a recommendation system by applying different recommendation approaches. This study describes the usage of a hybrid weightage-based recommender system focused on books and putting a model into the most used platform application.

Findings

This paper deals with the phases of software engineering from the analysis of the requirements, the actual making of the recommender model to deployment and testing of the application at the user end. Finally, the hybridized system outperforms over other existing recommender system.

Originality/value

The proposed recommendation system is an industrial level implementation of a recommendation system by applying different recommendation approaches. The recommendation system is centralized to books and its recommendation. In this paper, the authors also describe the usage of a hybrid weightage-based recommender system focused on books and putting a model into the most used platform application. This paper deals with the phases of software engineering from the analysis of the requirements, the actual making of the recommender model to deployment and testing of the application at the user end. Finally, the newly created hybridized system outperforms the Netflix recommendation model as well as the Hybrid book recommendation system model as has been clearly shown in the Results Analysis section of the book. The source-code can be available at https://github.com/debajyoty/recomender-system.git.
Psychological and demographic predictors of investment in cryptocurrencies during a crisis in the MENA region: the case of Lebanon
Authors: El-Chaarani Hani , Mawad Jeanne Laure , Mawad Nouhad , Khalife Danielle
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to discover the motivating factors for cryptocurrency investment during an economic crisis in the MENA region, with reference to the economic crisis of 2019–2022, in Lebanon.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used t-test, and logistic regressions on a sample of 254 Lebanese investors to differentiate between cryptocurrency investors, and non-investors. Linear regressions of a subsample of cryptocurrency investors determined the factors that explained increasing cash investment in cryptocurrencies. Data were collected from investors in Lebanon, which could limit the generalization of the research results across the MENA region.

Findings

Investors differed from non-investors in that they were male, owned investments in the stock, bond and commodity markets, had prior investment experience in cryptocurrencies, were risk-takers and had expectations of high returns. Investors increased the dollar investment in cryptocurrencies, if they were male, as they invested more funds in securities, had previously invested in cryptocurrencies and had stronger risk-taking propensity. Expectations of high returns drove investors to cryptocurrencies, but such expectations do not stimulate further cryptocurrency investment.

Originality/value

This study is an initial attempt to comprehend the reactions of investors in the MENA region to a currency crisis that triggered investment in cryptocurrencies following the collapse of fiat currencies, central bank default and restrictions on bank withdrawals.
Corruption, crime and investments by firms in emerging economies
Authors: Boamah Nicholas Addai , Ofori-Yeboah Francis , Owusu-Ansah Martin
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the effect of corruption and crime on the investments by firms in emerging economies (EEs).

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopts the generalised methods of moments (GMM) estimator and data across 57 EEs.

Findings

The study shows that crime management, corruption and external quality assurance drive-up investments. Additionally, investments decline with firm age and crime incidence. Corruption and crime managements increase investments by exporting firms more than non-exporting firms investments. Also, external auditor services benefit investments by large firms more than small-medium firms.

Originality/value

There is a need for EEs to implement policies that will curtail corruption and create a level playing field and sustainable firm growth. EEs firms must be innovative to expand their productive investments and grow over time. Also, EEs firms should seek external quality certification, invest in internal security and monitor goods in transit.
Longevity through emotional intelligence: a relationship marketing approach in family businesses
Authors: Gilani Hasan , Torres Mena Jessica , Aydin Gokhan
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore how emotional intelligence (EI) in members of family businesses can enhance the relationships with the stakeholders and whether adopting a relationship marketing approach could extend a family businesses' longevity, the businesses' success through generations.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method approach was adopted, and two studies (quantitative followed by qualitative) were conducted in Mexico on small to medium-sized enterprises. This study considers the perspective of owners and employers of family businesses.

Findings

The study provides important insights into the relationship between EI and relationship marketing. Enhancing EI in family members whilst conducting a relationship marketing approach, both internal and external, will result in better performance. Family businesses can alleviate conflicts inherent to family emotions whilst building and maintaining strong relationships with customers and suppliers that can secure the long-term success of the organisation by enhancing EI.

Originality/value

Considering the majority of the literature is focussed on highly developed economies such as the USA, the UK and major developing economies such as China and India, this mixed-method study offers Mexico as a novel setting that has become an important procurement hub in light of the recent global developments and international relationship policies.
Real Estate Insights The future of property research
Authors: Newell Graeme
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper identifies the need to expand the range of research methodologies considered suitable for high-calibre property research publications in the top property journals, particularly concerning the critical “bigger” property research issues going forward. This is important for early career researchers (ECRs), as the ECRs develop the suitability of the research methodologies used by the ECRs in expanding the ECRs' property research agendas.

Design/methodology/approach

This research is based on a thorough understanding and extensive experience of the range of property research methodologies available today to publish in the top property journals. This depth of understanding is supported by extensive discussions with leading property industry professionals, as well as reviewing the property research, track record of several leading property researchers from the UK.

Findings

A broader range of research methodologies is needed in property research today to fully capture the challenges of the critical property research questions going forward. These methodologies need to go well beyond the finance paradigm that has dominated property research in recent years.

Practical implications

Many of the key property research questions going forward need to be addressed by a range of methodologies for richer and deeper insights into resolving these property issues. This particularly relates to the important research issues for the property industry which require a “bigger picture” analysis of these issues, with the research presented in a manner which is accessible and relevant to property industry professionals.

Originality/value

This paper addresses the need to expand the research methodologies used in property research today. This is a key issue for property researchers going forward, as many of the important property research questions cannot be addressed from just within the traditional finance paradigm.
Can whimsically cute packaging overcome young consumer product unfamiliarity?
Authors: Suci Afred , Wang Hui-Chih
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to identify how cute packaging design elements can influence young adult purchases of unfamiliar products, especially the perceived old-fashioned ones.

Design/methodology/approach

Two studies were conducted systematically with 240 young adults. The first study manipulated product characters, fonts, colors and storytelling styles to determine the cutest packaging elements. Packaging samples containing the cutest elements from Study 1 were tested for their effect on purchase intention in Study 2, moderated by product familiarity.

Findings

Anthropomorphized product characters, curvy, handwritten-like fonts, a mixture of colors and superhero story-like product information were considered the whimsically cutest packaging elements by young adults. Whimsically cute packaging design can bridge consumer product unfamiliarity and generate higher purchase intention.

Practical implications

Whimsically cute packaging design could be a promising alternative for marketers promoting unfamiliar products to young adult consumers.

Originality/value

This study's findings complement existing literature on cute packaging design, whimsical cuteness and extrinsic cue utilization theory.
Effect of TiO2 filler on mechanical and tribological properties of Owen bamboo fiber reinforced epoxy composite
Authors: Prabhu Ravikantha , Mendonca Sharun , Bellairu Pavana Kumara , DSouza Rudolf Charles , Bhat Thirumaleshwara
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to report the effect of titanium oxide (TiO2) particles on the physical, mechanical, tribological and water resistance properties of 5% NaOH-treated bamboo fiber–reinforced composites.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, the epoxy/bamboo/TiO2 hybrid composite filled with 0–8 Wt.% TiO2 particles has been fabricated using simple hand layup techniques, and testing of the developed composite was done in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard.

Findings

The results of this study indicate that the addition of TiO2 particles improved the mechanical properties of the developed epoxy/bamboo composites. Tensile properties were found to be maximum for 6 Wt.%, and impact strength was found to be maximum for 8 Wt.% TiO2 particles-filled composite. The highest flexural properties were found at a lower TiO2 fraction of 2 Wt.%. Adding TiO2 filler helped to reduce the water absorption rate. The studies related to the wear and friction behavior of the composite under dry and abrasive wear conditions reveal that TiO2 filler was beneficial in improving the wear performance of the composite.

Originality/value

This research paper attempts to include both TiO2 filler and bamboo fibers to develop a novel composite material. TiO2 micro and nanoparticles are promising filler materials; it helps to enhance the mechanical and tribological properties of the epoxy composites and in literature, there is not much work reported, where TiO2 is used as a filler material with bamboo fiber–reinforced epoxy composites.
Patient‐activist or ally? Assessing the effectiveness of conscience and beneficiary constituents in disease advocacy fundraising
Authors: Walker Edward T. , van den Broek Tijs , Priante Anna , Ehrenhard Michel L.
Published: May 2023

Disease advocacy organisations (DAOs) are critical for raising awareness about illnesses and supporting research. While most studies of DAOs focus on personally affected patient‐activists, an underappreciated constituency are external allies. Building from social movement theory, we distinguish between beneficiary constituents (disease patients and their loved ones) and conscience constituents (allies) and investigate their relative fundraising effectiveness. While the former have credibility due to illness experience that should increase fundraising, the latter are more numerous. Our study is also the first to investigate where DAO supporters fundraise—through friendship‐ versus workplace‐based networks—and how this interacts with constituent types. Our large‐scale dataset includes 9372 groups (nearly 90,000 participants) active in the ‘Movember’ campaign, a men’s health movement around testicular and prostate cancer. We find robust evidence that groups with more beneficiary constituents raise significantly greater funds per participant. Yet because conscience constituents are more numerous, they raise the majority of total aggregate funds. We also find an interaction effect: beneficiary constituents do better in friendship networks, conscience constituents in workplaces. Our findings bear implications for DAOs, indicating they may benefit by encouraging disease patient families to fundraise through friends, and for external allies to focus requests on workplace networks.
Survival of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in date palm paste and syrup at different storage temperatures
Authors: Olaimat Amin N. , Al‐Holy Murad A. , Abughoush Mahmoud H. , Daseh Lamees , Al‐Nabulsi Anas A. , Osaili Tareq M. , Al‐Rousan Walid , Maghaydah Sofyan , Ayyash Mutamed , Holley Richard A.
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to investigate the behavior of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in processed date paste and syrup at different temperatures. Commercial products were inoculated with approximately 6 log CFU/mL of S. enterica or L. monocytogenes and stored at 4, 10, and 24°C for 90 days. S. enterica was able to survive in date products until the end of storage at 4°C. At this temperature, numbers decreased by 2.1 log CFU/g in date paste and by 3.4 log CFU/g in date syrup; however, at 10°C, cells were reduced >4.2 log CFU/g and were undetectable by direct plating in date paste or by enrichment (complete elimination) in syrup. Further, at 24°C, complete elimination of S. enterica was achieved in date paste and syrup by 30 and 7 days, respectively. L. monocytogenes numbers decreased by 1.4, 4.4, and >4.6 log CFU/g in date paste stored at 4, 10, and 24°C for 90 days, respectively. In date syrup, numbers of L. monocytogenes decreased to undetectable levels by 50, 14, and 4 days at 4, 10, and 24°C, respectively, by direct plating and complete elimination was observed at 10 and 24°C by 50 and 30 days of storage, respectively. The initial pH values of date paste and syrup were 4.7 and 4.8, respectively, and remained stable until the end of storage except for L. monocytogenes‐inoculated syrup.

Practical Application

Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes can easily survive in date paste and syrup particularly at refrigerator temperature, which explains the necessity of preventing the contamination of date products with foodborne pathogens.
Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastritis inChina(2022,Shanghai)
Authors:   Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Cancer Collaboration Group of Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Chinese Medical Association
Published: May 2023

Chronic gastritis is a commonly seen disease; clinicians have always attached to the importance of understanding its etiology and clinical manifestations, standardizing its diagnosis and treatment, and preventing its progression to cancers. Based on the consensus opinions on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastritis in the past three editions, and referring to the international consensuses and guidelines on the management of precancerous lesions of gastric mucosa, it is of clinical value and feasibility to formulate the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic gastritis in line with China's national conditions. This guideline was initiated by the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, with major members of the Cancer Collaboration Group of Chinese Society of Gastroenterology serving as the convenors and authors. Based on the internationally accepted principles and methods of guideline development and the extensive collection of opinions from gastroenterologists and physicians, 53 evidence‐based recommendations are given for nine major clinical problems related to chronic gastritis, aiming to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and management of chronic gastritis.
Accelerated cerebromicrovascular senescence contributes to cognitive decline in a mouse model of paclitaxel (Taxol)‐induced chemobrain
Authors: Ahire Chetan , Nyul‐Toth Adam , DelFavero Jordan , Gulej Rafal , Faakye Janet A. , Tarantini Stefano , Kiss Tamas , Kuan‐Celarier Anna , Balasubramanian Priya , Ungvari Anna , Tarantini Amber , Nagaraja Raghavendra , Yan Feng , Tang Qinggong , Mukli Peter , Csipo Tamas , Yabluchanskiy Andriy , Campisi Judith , Ungvari Zoltan , Csiszar Anna
Published: May 2023

Chemotherapy‐induced cognitive impairment (“chemobrain”) is a frequent side‐effect in cancer survivors treated with paclitaxel (PTX). The mechanisms responsible for PTX‐induced cognitive impairment remain obscure, and there are no effective treatments or prevention strategies. Here, we test the hypothesis that PTX induces endothelial senescence, which impairs microvascular function and contributes to the genesis of cognitive decline. We treated transgenic p16‐3MR mice, which allows the detection and selective elimination of senescent cells, with PTX (5 mg/kg/day, 2 cycles; 5 days/cycle). PTX‐treated and control mice were tested for spatial memory performance, neurovascular coupling (NVC) responses (whisker‐stimulation‐induced increases in cerebral blood flow), microvascular density, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability and the presence of senescent endothelial cells (by flow cytometry and single‐cell transcriptomics) at 6 months post‐treatment. PTX induced senescence in endothelial cells, which associated with microvascular rarefaction, NVC dysfunction, BBB disruption, neuroinflammation, and impaired performance on cognitive tasks. To establish a causal relationship between PTX‐induced senescence and impaired microvascular functions, senescent cells were depleted from PTX‐treated animals (at 3 months post‐treatment) by genetic (ganciclovir) or pharmacological (treatment with the senolytic drug ABT263/Navitoclax) means. In PTX treated mice, both treatments effectively eliminated senescent endothelial cells, rescued endothelium‐mediated NVC responses and BBB integrity, increased capillarization and improved cognitive performance. Our findings suggest that senolytic treatments can be a promising strategy for preventing chemotherapy‐induced cognitive impairment.
How firms respond to external valuation: Evidence from the monitoring role of media
Authors: Gong Rong
Published: May 2023

This study explores how media evaluations affect corporate capital investments. I show that media evaluations of firms affect corporate capital investments via the reputation mechanism, that is, a more negative media evaluation of the firm will motivate managers to give up inefficient investments. Meanwhile, a higher quantity of news underlying news evaluation and good firm performance strengthen the positive effect of media evaluation on corporate investments, whereas a higher level of divergence of news evaluation weakens the positive effect of media evaluation on corporate investments.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Denmark between 2000 and 2018: Incidence and early diagnostic transition
Authors: Köhler‐Forsberg Ole , Antonsen Sussie , Pedersen Carsten B. , Mortensen Preben Bo , McGrath John J. , Mors Ole
Published: May 2023

Background

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) comprise a group of related mental disorders, which share clinical features and common genetic disposition, but it is unknown if there is a diagnostic transition between these disorders over time. We aimed to study the incidence at the first SSD diagnosis between 2000 and 2018, defined as schizophrenia, schizotypal or schizoaffective disorder, and the early diagnostic transition between these disorders.

Methods

Using Danish nationwide healthcare registers, we identified all individuals aged 15–64 years during the period from 2000 to 2018 in Denmark and calculated the yearly incidence rates for the specific SSDs. We studied the diagnostic pathways from the first ever diagnosis of an SSD across the subsequent two treatment courses with an SSD diagnosis to evaluate early diagnostic stability, and explore potential changes over time.

Results

Among 21,538 patients, yearly incidence rates per 10,000 individuals were similar during the observation period for schizophrenia (2000: 1.8; 2018: 1.6), lower for schizoaffective disorder (2000: 0.3; 2018: 0.1) and increasing for schizotypal disorder (2000: 0.7; 2018: 1.3). Among the subgroup of 13,417 individuals with three separate treatment courses, early diagnostic stability was present among 89.9% which differed between the disorders (schizophrenia: 95.4%; schizotypal disorder: 78.0%; schizoaffective disorder: 80.5%). Among 1352 (10.1%) experiencing an early diagnostic transition, 398 (3.0%) were diagnosed with schizotypal disorder after a schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder diagnosis.

Conclusion

This study provides comprehensive incidence rates for SSDs. The majority of patients experienced early diagnostic stability, but sizable proportions of people with initial schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder are subsequently diagnosed with schizotypal disorder.
Herbivores but not vegans: Deer as nest predators
Authors: Vazquez M. Soledad , Gonzalez Daniela V. , Amico Guillermo C.
Published: May 2023

Deer abundance and occupancy areas are currently increasing worldwide, with unknown consequences for birds. Deer impacts on birds have mainly been assumed to be indirect through mechanisms that negatively influence vegetation complexity and reduce habitat quality. Information on the direct negative impacts on bird breeding success is scattered and rudimentary. Here we documented, through videos filmed with camera traps, non‐native deer preying on bird nests. We supported this finding by investigating nest predator behaviour in other areas of the world both in the scientific literature and audio‐visual platforms. We suggest that our scientific naturalist records and the collected information might reflect poorly understood deer behaviour, in both native and non‐native populations. In areas with a high number of individuals, nest predation by deer could have severe consequences for native birds, causing serious alterations in their breeding biology. Future studies are needed to address questions about the consequences of an increase in deer density on avian populations.
Value of frontal QRS axis for risk stratification of individuals with prolonged PR interval
Authors: Cao Xiaodi , Wang Zhe , Fang Zhang , Yu Chuanchuan , Shi Linsheng
Published: May 2023

Background

There is ongoing controversy regarding the prognostic value of PR prolongation among individuals free of cardiovascular diseases. It is necessary to risk‐stratify this population according to other electrocardiographic parameters.

Methods

This study is based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed and Kaplan–Meier method was used.

Results

A total of 6188 participants (58.1 ± 13.1 years; 55% women) were included. The median frontal QRS axis of the entire study population was 37° (IQR: 11–60°). PR prolongation was present in 7.6% of the participants, of whom 61.2% had QRS axis ≤37°. In a multivariable‐adjusted model, mortality risk was highest in the group with concomitant prolonged PR interval and QRS axis ≤37° (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.39). In models with similar adjustment where population were reclassified depending on PR prolongation and QRS axis, prolonged PR interval and QRS axis ≤37° was still associated with increased risk of mortality (HR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03–1.36) compared with normal PR interval.

Conclusions

QRS axis is an important factor for risk stratification in population with PR prolongation. The extent to which this population with PR prolongation and QRS axis ≤37° is at higher risk of death compared with the population without PR prolongation.
cAMP: A master regulator of cadherin‐mediated binding in endothelium, epithelium and myocardium
Authors: Vielmuth Franziska , Radeva Mariya Y. , Yeruva Sunil , Sigmund Anna M. , Waschke Jens
Published: May 2023

Regulation of cadherin‐mediated cell adhesion is crucial not only for maintaining tissue integrity and barrier function in the endothelium and epithelium but also for electromechanical coupling within the myocardium. Therefore, loss of cadherin‐mediated adhesion causes various disorders, including vascular inflammation and desmosome‐related diseases such as the autoimmune blistering skin dermatosis pemphigus and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Mechanisms regulating cadherin‐mediated binding contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases and may also be used as therapeutic targets. Over the last 30 years, cyclic adenosine 3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP) has emerged as one of the master regulators of cell adhesion in endothelium and, more recently, also in epithelial cells as well as in cardiomyocytes. A broad spectrum of experimental models from vascular physiology and cell biology applied by different generations of researchers provided evidence that not only cadherins of endothelial adherens junctions (AJ) but also desmosomal contacts in keratinocytes and the cardiomyocyte intercalated discs are central targets in this scenario. The molecular mechanisms involve protein kinase A‐ and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP‐mediated regulation of Rho family GTPases and S665 phosphorylation of the AJ and desmosome adaptor protein plakoglobin. In line with this, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors such as apremilast have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to stabilize cadherin‐mediated adhesion in pemphigus and may also be effective to treat other disorders where cadherin‐mediated binding is compromised.
How time orientation matters for happiness: The nonmonotonic relations featured with a middle valley
Authors: Lu Jiaqi , Zhang Shunmin , He Guibing
Published: May 2023

Most previous studies have shown that focusing on the future predicts higher subjective well‐being (SWB), but some have reported contradictory results. Due to mixed findings on the relationship between time orientation (TO) and SWB, the present study attempted to clarify and reinterpret this relationship from a nonmonotonic perspective by analyzing two large‐scale datasets from the European Social Survey (Study 1; 31 countries, total N = 88,873) and tested the cross‐cultural generalizability of our findings in a Chinese sample (Study 2; N = 797). The results confirmed a nonmonotonic relationship between TO and SWB and first revealed a “Middle Valley Effect.” This effect demonstrated a decreased SWB at the midpoint of the TO scale, indicating that maintaining a dominant TO, whether present or future, rather than being torn between the two, could improve SWB. This nonmonotonic relationship resolves previous inconsistent findings and suggests that an appropriate clear TO can benefit SWB.
Editorial: proactive anti‐TNF drug monitoring in IBD—Ready for prime time?
Authors: Roblin Xavier , Nancey Stephane
Published: May 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Sethi et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17313 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17339
Letter: practical considerations for nonselective beta‐blocker therapy in portal hypertension
Authors: Shanahan William , Clarke Maeve , Carolan Eimear , Ryan John D.
Published: May 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Gillespie et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17380
Editorial: golimumab dosing intensification effective in ulcerative colitis with no need for therapeutic drug monitoring—author's reply
Authors: Fumery Mathurin , Roblin Xavier
Published: May 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Fumery et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111//apt.17421 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17439
Editorial: type 1 diabetes, microscopic colitis and the need to explore the complex mechanisms of this association—authors' reply
Authors: Kang Xiaoying , Liu Shengxin , Ludvigsson Jonas F.
Published: May 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Kang et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17473 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17501
Letter: histologic disease activity and colorectal neoplasia risk
Authors: Chang Hui‐Chin , Gau Shuo‐Yan
Published: May 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wolf et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17495 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17536
Letter: histologic disease activity and colorectal neoplasia risk—authors' reply
Authors: Kirchgesner Julien , Svrcek Magali
Published: May 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Wolf et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17495 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17528
Oral health inequalities—Developments in research, policy and practice over the last 50 years
Authors: Watt Richard G.
Published: May 2023

At times of major geopolitical conflict, macroeconomic crisis and the ‘aftershocks’ of the COVID‐19 syndemic still having a global impact, it is the most vulnerable and disadvantaged in society who undoubtedly suffer the most. During these turbulent and uncertain times, it is essential that sufficient policy attention is given to tackling the persistent and stark health inequalities that exist both between and within countries. This commentary aims to critically reflect on developments in oral health inequalities research, policy and practice over the last 50 years. Despite often challenging political contexts, progress has undoubtedly been made in our understanding of the nature and underlying social, economic and political causes of oral health inequalities. A developing body of global research has highlighted patterns of inequalities in oral health that exist across the lifecourse, but less progress has been made in implementing and evaluating policy interventions to tackle these unfair and unjust inequalities in oral health. At a global level through WHO leadership, oral health is at a ‘tipping point’ with a unique window of opportunity for policy change and development. Transformative policy and system reforms co‐produced with community and other key stakeholders are now urgently needed to tackle oral health inequalities.
Prefrontal NIRS signal is unaffected by forehead Doppler flux during incremental cycling exercise
Authors: Hartman Mark E.
Published: May 2023

Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is used to measure tissue concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (HHb). In the context of exercise, NIRS confers a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio than other neuroimaging techniques. However, part of the signal may be influenced by thermoregulatory hyperemia in the superficial cutaneous capillaries of the forehead. The degree to which NIRS signals during exercise reflect cerebral or extracerebral hemodynamic changes is a continuing source of controversy. However, the influence of skin blood flow may be attenuated depending on the NIRS technique (e.g., frequency domain machines with maximal optode separation distances >3.5 cm). The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in forehead skin blood flow and cerebral hemoglobin concentration during incremental exercise versus direct vasodilation of the forehead skin induced by gradual local heating. Thirty participants (12 females, 18 males; age: 20.8 ± 3.2 years; body mass index: 23.8 ± 3.7 kg·m−2) participated in the study. Forehead skin blood flow was quantified laser Doppler flux and absolute concentrations of cerebral O2Hb and HHb were measured by NIRS. Local heating significantly increased the Doppler flux signal across time and these changes were significantly correlated with skin temperature. During incremental exercise, skin temperature, Doppler flux, O2Hb and HHb increased however, the only significant change that was consistently correlated with Doppler flux was skin temperature. Therefore, a significant change in forehead skin blood flow may not significantly the NIRS hemoglobin data, depending on the type of NIRS device used.
A safe asset in early modern Castile, 1543–1714
Authors: Gómez‐Blanco Víctor M.
Published: May 2023

This article shows how public offices in the early modern period became investment assets in Castile (Spain). Moreover, it demonstrates that offices fulfilled all the conditions for being viewed as safe assets. In particular, through the combination of qualitative sources with a novel hand‐collected database, it shows that offices did not suffer from adverse selection, were traded in liquid secondary markets, and increased their value during periods of economic distress. This research is a pioneer in revealing the existence in early modern times of a haven asset, other than coins and public debt, and showing at the same time the private financial uses of offices.
Increased risk of Parkinson's disease amongst patients with age‐related macular degeneration and visual disability: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Yoon Je Moon , Lim Dong Hui , Youn Jinyoung , Han Kyungdo , Kim Bong Sung , Jung Wonyoung , Yeo Yohwan , Shin Dong Wook , Ham Don‐Il
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose

The association between Parkinson's disease (PD) and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) has been shown in previous reports. However, the association between the severity of AMD and PD development is unknown. The aim was to evaluate the association of AMD with/without visual disability (VD) with the risk of PD occurrence using the National Health Insurance data in South Korea.

Methods

A total of 4,205,520 individuals, 50 years or older and without a previous diagnosis of PD, participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program in 2009. AMD was verified using diagnostic codes, and participants with VD were defined as those with loss of vision or visual field defect as certified by the Korean Government. The participants were followed up until 31 December 2019, and incident cases of PD were identified using registered diagnostic codes. The hazard ratio was calculated for groups (control and AMD with/without VD) using multivariable adjusted Cox regression analysis.

Results

In total, 37,507 participants (0.89%) were diagnosed with PD. Amongst individuals with AMD, the risk of PD development was higher in individuals with VD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.67) than in those without (aHR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15–1.30) compared with controls. Additionally, an increased risk of PD was observed in individuals with AMD compared with controls, regardless of the presence of VD (aHR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16–1.31).

Conclusions

Visual disability in AMD was associated with the development of PD. This suggests that neurodegeneration in PD and AMD may have common pathways.
Effect of sound‐induced repeated stress on the development of pain and inflammation in the temporomandibular joint of female and male rats
Authors: Zanelatto Fernanda Barchesi , Vieira Willians Fernando , Nishijima Catarine Massucato , Sartori César Renato , Parada Carlos Amilcar , Tambeli Claudia Herrera
Published: May 2023

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a common painful condition of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and associated structures. Stress is a significant risk factor for developing this painful condition that predominantly affects women. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that stress increases the risk of developing TMJ pain by facilitating inflammatory mechanisms in female and male rats. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated TMJ carrageenan‐induced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and migration of inflammatory cells and TMJ formalin‐induced nociception in female and male rats submitted to a repeated stress protocol induced by sound. We found that sound‐induced repeated stress facilitates TMJ inflammation and contributes to TMJ nociception development equally in females and males. We conclude that stress is a risk factor for developing painful TMJ conditions in males and females, at least in part, by favoring the inflammatory process similarly in both sexes.
Meiotic DNA double‐strand break‐independent role of protein phosphatase 4 in Hop1 assembly to promote meiotic chromosome axis formation in budding yeast
Authors: Li Ke , Yoshimura Kei , Shinohara Miki
Published: May 2023

Dynamic changes in chromosomal structure that occur during meiotic prophase play an important role in the progression of meiosis. Among them, meiosis‐specific chromosomal axis‐loop structures are important as a scaffold for integrated control between the meiotic recombination reaction and the associated checkpoint system to ensure accurate chromosome segregation. However, the molecular mechanism of the initial step of chromosome axis‐loop construction is not well understood. Here, we showed that, in budding yeast, protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) that primarily counteracts Mec1/Tel1 phosphorylation is required to promote the assembly of a chromosomal axis component Hop1 and Red1 onto meiotic chromatin via interaction with Hop1. PP4, on the other hand, less affects Rec8 assembly. Notably, unlike the previously known function of PP4, this PP4 function in Hop1/Red1 assembly was independent of meiotic DSB‐dependent Tel1/Mec1 kinase activities. The defect in Hop1/Red1 assembly in the absence of PP4 function was not suppressed by dysfunction of Pch2, which removes Hop1 protein from the chromosome axis, suggesting that PP4 is required for the initial step of chromatin loading of Hop1 rather than stabilization of Hop1 on axes. These results indicate phosphorylation/dephosphorylation‐mediated regulation of Hop1 recruitment onto chromatin during chromosome axis construction before meiotic double‐strand break formation.
M‐PAST score is better than MAST score for the diagnosis of active fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Imajo Kento , Saigusa Yusuke , Kobayashi Takashi , Nagai Koki , Nishida Shinya , Kawamura Nobuyoshi , Doi Hiroyoshi , Iwaki Michihiro , Nogami Asako , Honda Yasushi , Kessoku Takaomi , Ogawa Yuji , Kirikoshi Hiroyuki , Yasuda Satoshi , Toyoda Hidenori , Hayashi Hideki , Kokubu Shigehiro , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Takahashi Hirokazu , Aishima Shinichi , Kim Beom Kyung , Tamaki Nobuharu , Saito Satoru , Yoneda Masato , Loomba Rohit , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: May 2023

Background

Clinical trials enroll patients with active fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] activity score ≥ 4) and significant fibrosis (F ≥ 2); however, screening failure rates are high following biopsy. We developed new scores to identify active fibrotic NASH using FibroScan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

We undertook prospective primary (n = 176), retrospective validation (n = 169), and University of California San Diego (UCSD; n = 234) studies of liver biopsy‐proven NAFLD. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using FibroScan or magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), or proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were combined to develop a two‐step strategy—FibroScan‐based LSM followed by CAP with AST (F‐CAST) and MRE‐based LSM followed by PDFF with AST (M‐PAST)—and compared with FibroScan‐AST (FAST) and MRI‐AST (MAST) for diagnosing active fibrotic NASH. Each model was categorized using rule‐in and rule‐out criteria.

Results

Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) of F‐CAST (0.826) and M‐PAST (0.832) were significantly higher than those of FAST (0.744, p = 0.004) and MAST (0.710, p < 0.001). Following the rule‐in criteria, positive predictive values of F‐CAST (81.8%) and M‐PAST (81.8%) were higher than those of FAST (73.5%) and MAST (70.0%). Following the rule‐out criteria, negative predictive values of F‐CAST (90.5%) and M‐PAST (90.9%) were higher than those of FAST (84.0%) and MAST (73.9%). In the validation and UCSD cohorts, AUROCs did not differ significantly between F‐CAST and FAST, but M‐PAST had a higher diagnostic performance than MAST.

Conclusions

The two‐step strategy, especially M‐PAST, showed reliability of rule‐in/‐out for active fibrotic NASH, with better predictive performance compared with MAST.

This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (number, UMIN000012757).
A THREE‐STATE RATIONAL GREATER‐FOOL BUBBLE MODEL WITH INTERTEMPORAL CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING
Authors: Liu Feng , White Joseph S. , Conlon John R.
Published: May 2023

We construct a simple rational greater‐fool bubble model, where the motive for trade is intertemporal consumption smoothing. This yields an easy‐to‐understand bubble model with three states of the world, instead of the five required previously. Bubbles are more likely when asset sellers have profitable investment opportunities, but little wealth, so they sell shares in those opportunities to wealthier investors. “Bad sellers” then pretend to sell similar investment opportunities, creating potential bubble assets. Bubbles are possible even if alternative means of consumption smoothing are available. Also, antibubble policy can reduce the welfare of even the greater fools it is supposed to protect.
Forensic mental health nurses' experiences of rebuilding the therapeutic relationship after an episode of physical restraint in forensic services in Ireland: A qualitative study
Authors: Moyles John , Hunter Andrew , Grealish Annmarie
Published: May 2023

Few studies have explored how forensic mental health nurses can rebuild the therapeutic relationship following an episode of physical restraint in the acute forensic setting. In this study, we aimed to redress this gap in the literature by exploring with forensic mental health nurses the factors that enable or hinder the rebuilding of the therapeutic relationship following an episode of physical restraint. A qualitative study design was used to capture participants' experiences, views and perceptions of the therapeutic relationship following an episode of physical restraint in the acute forensic setting. Data were collected through individual interviews with forensic mental health nurses (n = 10) working in an acute forensic setting. Interviews were audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim and accounts were analysed using thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: ‘Building a Recovery Focused Therapeutic Relationship’; ‘Authoritarian Role’; ‘Inevitable Imbalance’; ‘Rebuilding the Therapeutic Relationship’; plus two sub‐themes ‘Facilitators to rebuilding’ and ‘Barriers to rebuilding’. Findings suggest that an inevitable imbalance exists in building a recovery‐focused therapeutic relationship and at times, is hindered by the authoritarian role of the forensic mental health nurse. Recommendations for changes in clinical practice and in upcoming policies should incorporate a dedicated debrief room and protected time for staff to debrief effectively following restraint. Routine post‐restraint‐focused clinical supervision would also be beneficial to mental health nursing staff.
The experience of shared decision‐making for patients with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis and their families—A scoping review
Authors: Mcpeake Mari‐Louise , Cook Neal , Mcilfatrick Sonja , Hasson Felicity
Published: May 2023

Aim

To identify the experiences of shared decision‐making (SDM) for adults with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis (HD) and their family members.

Design

A scoping literature review.

Method

A scoping literature review, using Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines.

Data sources

Medline (OVID), EMBASE, CINAHL, Psych Info, ProQuest, Web of Science, Open grey and grey literature were searched covering years from January 2015 to July 2022. Empirical studies, unpublished thesis and studies in English were included. The scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Meta analysis—scoping review extension (PRISMA‐Scr).

Results

Thirteen studies were included in the final review. While SDM is welcomed by people undergoing HD, their experience is often limited to treatment decisions, with little opportunity to revisit decisions previously made. The role of the family/caregivers as active participants in SDM requires recognition.

Conclusion

People with end‐stage kidney disease undergoing HD do and want to participate in the process of SDM, on a wide range of topics, in addition to treatment. A strategy is needed to ensure that SDM interventions are successful in achieving patient‐driven outcomes and enhancing their quality of life.

Implications for clinical practice

This review highlights the experiences of people undergoing HD and their family/caregivers. There is a wide variety of clinical decisions requiring consideration for people undergoing HD, including considering the importance who should be involved in the decision‐making processes and when decisions should occur. Further study to ensure nurses understand the importance, and influence of including family members in conversations on both SDM processes and outcomes is needed. There is a need for research from both patient and healthcare professional (HCP) perspectives to ensure that people feel supported and have their needs met in the SDM process.

Patient and Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Taxonomic contributions to Hapalidiales (Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta): Boreolithothamnion gen. nov., Lithothamnion redefined and with three new species and Roseolithon with new combinations
Authors: Gabrielson Paul W. , Maneveldt Gavin W. , Hughey Jeffery R. , Peña Viviana
Published: May 2023

Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL gene sequences and of concatenated rbcL, psbA, and nuclear SSU rRNA gene sequences resolved the generitype of Lithothamnion, L. muelleri, in a clade with three other southern Australian species, L. kraftii sp. nov., L. saundersii sp. nov., and L. woelkerlingii sp. nov. Cold water boreal species currently classified in Lithothamnion and whose type specimens have been sequenced are transferred to Boreolithothamnion gen. nov., with B. glaciale comb. nov. as the generitype. The other species are B. giganteum comb. nov., B. phymatodeum comb. nov., and B. sonderi comb. nov., whose type specimens are newly sequenced, and B. lemoineae comb. nov., B. soriferum comb. nov., and B. tophiforme comb. nov., whose type specimens were already sequenced. Based on rbcL sequences from the type specimens of Lithothamnion crispatum, L. indicum, and L. superpositum, each is recognized as a distinct species and transferred to the recently described Roseolithon as R. crispatum comb. nov., R. indicum comb. nov., and R. superpositum com. nov., respectively. To correctly assign species to these three genera based only on morpho‐anatomy, specimens must have multiporate conceptacles and some epithallial cells with flared walls. The discussion provides examples demonstrating that only with phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences can the evolution of morpho‐anatomical characters of non‐geniculate corallines be understood and applied at the correct taxonomic rank. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences support recognition of the Hapalidiales as a distinct order characterized by having multiporate tetra/bisporangial conceptacles, and not as a suborder of Corallinales whose tetra/bisporangial conceptacles are uniporate.