bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-updated four-node finite element using deep learning
Authors: Jung Jaeho , Jun Hyungmin , Lee Phill-Seung
Published: August 2021

This paper introduces a new concept called self-updated finite element (SUFE). The finite element (FE) is activated through an iterative procedure to improve the solution accuracy without mesh refinement. A mode-based finite element formulation is devised for a four-node finite element and the assumed modal strain is employed for bending modes. A search procedure for optimal bending directions is implemented through deep learning for a given element deformation to minimize shear locking. The proposed element is called a self-updated four-node finite element, for which an iterative solution procedure is developed. The element passes the patch and zero-energy mode tests. As the number of iterations increases, the finite element solutions become more and more accurate, resulting in significantly accurate solutions with a few iterations. The SUFE concept is very effective, especially when the meshes are coarse and severely distorted. Its excellent performance is demonstrated through various numerical examples.
Occurrence of inadequate ACL healing after Dynamic Intraligamentary Stabilization and functional outcome—a multicentre case series
Authors: Senftl Monika , Petek Daniel , Jacobi Matthias , Schallberger Alex , Spycher Jonathan , Stock Anna , Hess Rolf , Tannast Moritz
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Dynamic Intraligamentary Stabilization (DIS) is a technique for preservation, anatomical repair and stabilization of a freshly injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term re-operation rate when compared to traditional autograft reconstruction.

Methods

Four, from the developer independent, centres enrolled patients that underwent ACL repair by DIS, according to the specific indications given by MRI imaging at a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The re-operation rate was recorded as primary outcome. Secondary outcome measures were the postoperative antero-posterior knee laxity (using a portable Rolimeter®), as well as the Tegner, Lysholm and IKDC Scores.

Results

A total of 105 patients were investigated with a median follow-up of 21 months. Thirteen patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 92 patients 15 (16.3%) had insufficient functional stability and required subsequent ACL reconstruction. These patients were excluded from further analysis, leaving 77 consecutive patients for a 12 months follow-up. The median age at time of surgery was 30 years for that group. At time of follow-up a median antero-posterior translation difference of 2 mm was measured. None of these patients reported subjective insufficiency (giving way), but in 14 patients (18.2%), the difference of antero-posterior translation was more than 3 mm. We found a median Tegner Score of 5.5, a median Lysholm Score of 95.0 and a median IKDC Score of 89.4.

Conclusion

The main finding of this multicentre study is a relevant re-operation rate of 16.3%. Another 18.2% showed objective antero-posterior laxity (≥ 3 mm) during testing raising the suspicion of postoperative non-healing. The failure rate of DIS in this study is higher than for reconstruction with an autologous tendon graft. However, our successfully treated patients had a good clinical and functional outcome based on antero-posterior knee laxity and clinical scores, comparable to patients treated by autograft reconstruction.
Prähospitaler Kreislaufstillstand im Lockdown
Authors: Grübl T. , Plöger B. , Sassen M. C. , Jerrentrup A. , Schieffer B. , Betz S.
Published: August 2021

Hintergrund

Das SARS-CoV‑2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2) hat sich weltweit ausgebreitet. Folgen von Infektionspräventionsmaßnahmen im Rahmen solcher Ansteckungsereignisse können speziell für Patienten mit außerklinischem Kreislaufstillstand (OHCA) Nachteile ergeben.

Methodik

Retrospektive Analyse von OHCA eines Landkreises in den Monaten Januar bis einschließlich Mai von 2018 bis 2020, wobei in 2020 die erste Welle der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie und in 2018 eine Hochinzidenzphase des Influenzavirus vorlag.

Ergebnisse

N = 497 OHCA wurden untersucht (2018 n = 173, 2019 n = 149, 2020 n = 175). Es zeigte sich eine gleichbleibende Reanimationsinzidenz (85–99 Reanimationen/100.000 Einwohner/Jahr) und eine lokal typische Klientel („mean“ 70 Jahre, 66 % männlich; Median PES 3). Es ergaben sich keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede bei der Ausgangslage der Patienten (Anzahl beobachteter OHCA, Häufigkeit an Laienreanimationen, vermutete Ursachen des OHCA, initialer EKG-Rhythmus) und dem Behandlungsverlauf (Häufigkeit an ROSC/Krankenhausaufnahme/Überleben bis Krankenhausentlassung, neurologisches Outcome). Keiner der OHCA-Patienten in 2020 bot ein positives SARS-CoV-2- und drei Patienten in 2018 ein positives Influenzatestergebnis.

Diskussion

Die Lockdown-Maßnahmen während der ersten SARS-CoV-2-Welle scheinen das Outcome von OHCA-Patienten ohne COVID-19 insgesamt nicht beeinflusst zu haben.
Aktuelle Reformvorschläge zum Einkommensteuertarif
Authors: Bach Stefan
Published: August 2021

Der aktuelle Einkommensteuertarif belastet Mittelschichten und Besserverdienende relativ stark durch den schnellen Anstieg der Progression. Entlastungen durch eine Anhebung des Grundfreibetrags oder eine Abmagerung des Mittelstandsbauchs führen leicht zu Steuerausfällen von höheren zweistelligen Milliardenbeträgen im Jahr. Erhöhungen der Spitzensteuersätze wirken dem entgegen, allerdings sind die Aufkommenspotenziale bei den Hochverdienenden begrenzt. Sollen zum Beispiel die unteren 95 % der Bevölkerung um 1 % ihres steuerpflichtigen Einkommens entlastet werden, muss man die obersten 5 % mit knapp 3 % belasten, die Grenzbelastungen müssen um 5,5 Prozentpunkte steigen.
Inflationsziel und Inflationsmessung in der Eurozone im Wandel
Authors: Schnabl Gunther , Sepp Tim Florian
Published: August 2021

Viele Menschen im Euroraum haben zunehmend das Gefühl, dass der allgemeine Kaufkraftverlust des Geldes sehr viel höher ist als die offiziell gemessenen Inflationsraten. So lag Umfrageergebnissen zufolge z. B. im ersten Quartal 2021 die gefühlte Inflation im Euroraum bei 4,5 %, während die offiziell gemessene Inflationsrate 1 % betrug. Das könnte daran liegen, dass Preissteigerungen subjektiv stärker wahrgenommen werden als Preissenkungen. Es kann aber ebenso gut daran liegen, wie Preisstabilität gemessen wird und wie sich die Umsetzung des Ziels der Preisstabilität durch die Europäische Zentralbank verändert hat.
Parallel and distributed computing for stochastic dual dynamic programming
Authors: Ávila D. , Papavasiliou A. , Löhndorf N.
Published: August 2021

We study different parallelization schemes for the stochastic dual dynamic programming (SDDP) algorithm. We propose a taxonomy for these parallel algorithms, which is based on the concept of parallelizing by scenario and parallelizing by node of the underlying stochastic process. We develop a synchronous and asynchronous version for each configuration. The parallelization strategy in the parallelscenario configuration aims at parallelizing the Monte Carlo sampling procedure in the forward pass of the SDDP algorithm, and thus generates a large number of supporting hyperplanes in parallel. On the other hand, the parallel-node strategy aims at building a single hyperplane of the dynamic programming value function in parallel. The considered algorithms are implemented using Julia and JuMP on a high performance computing cluster. We study the effectiveness of the methods in terms of achieving tight optimality gaps, as well as the scalability properties of the algorithms with respect to an increasing number of CPUs. In particular, we study the effects of the different parallelization strategies on performance when increasing the number of Monte Carlo samples in the forward pass, and demonstrate through numerical experiments that such an increase may be harmful. Our results indicate that a parallel-node strategy presents certain benefits as compared to a parallel-scenario configuration.
Depression and loneliness of older adults in Europe and Israel after the first wave of covid-19
Authors: Atzendorf Josefine , Gruber Stefan
Published: August 2021

Epidemic control measures that aim to introduce social distancing help to decelerate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their consequences in terms of mental well-being might be negative, especially for older adults. While existing studies mainly focus on the time during the first lockdown, we look at the weeks afterward in order to measure the medium-term consequences of the first wave of the pandemic. Using data from the SHARE Corona Survey, we include retired respondents aged 60 and above from 25 European countries plus Israel. Combining SHARE data with macro-data from the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker allows us to include macro-indicators at the country level, namely the number of deaths per 100,000 and the number of days with stringent epidemic control measures, in addition to individual characteristics. The findings show that both macro-indicators are influential for increased feelings of sadness/depression, but that individual factors are crucial for explaining increased feelings of loneliness in the time after the first lockdown. Models with interaction terms reveal that the included macro-indicators have negative well-being consequences, particularly for the oldest survey participants. Additionally, the results reveal that especially those living alone had a higher risk for increased loneliness in the time after the first COVID-19 wave.
Automated Framework for the Inclusion of a His–Purkinje System in Cardiac Digital Twins of Ventricular Electrophysiology
Authors: Gillette Karli , Gsell Matthias A. F. , Bouyssier Julien , Prassl Anton J. , Neic Aurel , Vigmond Edward J. , Plank Gernot
Published: August 2021

Personalized models of cardiac electrophysiology (EP) that match clinical observation with high fidelity, referred to as cardiac digital twins (CDTs), show promise as a tool for tailoring cardiac precision therapies. Building CDTs of cardiac EP relies on the ability of models to replicate the ventricular activation sequence under a broad range of conditions. Of pivotal importance is the His–Purkinje system (HPS) within the ventricles. Workflows for the generation and incorporation of HPS models are needed for use in cardiac digital twinning pipelines that aim to minimize the misfit between model predictions and clinical data such as the 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG). We thus develop an automated two stage approach for HPS personalization. A fascicular-based model is first introduced that modulates the endocardial Purkinje network. Only emergent features of sites of earliest activation within the ventricular myocardium and a fast-conducting sub-endocardial layer are accounted for. It is then replaced by a topologically realistic Purkinje-based representation of the HPS. Feasibility of the approach is demonstrated. Equivalence between both HPS model representations is investigated by comparing activation patterns and 12 lead ECGs under both sinus rhythm and right-ventricular apical pacing. Predominant ECG morphology is preserved by both HPS models under sinus conditions, but elucidates differences during pacing.
Democratizing ownership and participation in the 4th Industrial Revolution: challenges and opportunities in cellular agriculture
Authors: Chiles Robert M. , Broad Garrett , Gagnon Mark , Negowetti Nicole , Glenna Leland , Griffin Megan A. M. , Tami-Barrera Lina , Baker Siena , Beck Kelly
Published: August 2021

The emergence of the “4th Industrial Revolution,” i.e. the convergence of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, advanced materials, and bioengineering technologies, could accelerate socioeconomic insecurities and anxieties or provide beneficial alternatives to the status quo. In the post-Covid-19 era, the entities that are best positioned to capitalize on these innovations are large firms, which use digital platforms and big data to orchestrate vast ecosystems of users and extract market share across industry sectors. Nonetheless, these technologies also have the potential to democratize ownership, broaden political-economic participation, and reduce environmental harms. We articulate the potential sociotechnical pathways in this high-stakes crossroads by analyzing cellular agriculture, an exemplary 4th Industrial Revolution technology that synergizes computer science, biopharma, tissue engineering, and food science to grow cultured meat, dairy, and egg products from cultured cells and/or genetically modified yeast. Our exploration of this space involved multi-sited ethnographic research in both (a) the cellular agriculture community and (b) alternative economic organizations devoted to open source licensing, member-owned cooperatives, social financing, and platform business models. Upon discussing how these latter approaches could potentially facilitate alternative sociotechnical pathways in cellular agriculture, we reflect upon the broader implications of this work with respect to the 4th Industrial Revolution and the enduring need for public policy reform.
Effectiveness of eHealth Interventions for HIV Prevention and Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses
Authors: Manby Louisa , Aicken Catherine , Delgrange Marine , Bailey Julia V.
Published: August 2021

HIV is still the leading cause of death in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), despite medical advances. eHealth interventions are effective for HIV prevention and management, but it is unclear whether this can be generalised to resource-poor settings. This systematic review aimed to establish the effectiveness of eHealth interventions in SSA. Six electronic databases were screened to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2000 and 2020. Meta-analyses were performed, following Cochrane methodology, to assess the impact of eHealth interventions on HIV-related behaviours and biological outcomes. 25 RCTs were included in the review. Meta-analyses show that eHealth interventions significantly improved HIV management behaviours (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.05–1.40; Z = 2.67; p = 0.008), but not HIV prevention behaviours (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.78–1.34; Z = 0.17; p = 0.86) or biological outcomes (OR 1.17; 95% CI 0.89–1.54; Z = 1.10; p = 0.27) compared with minimal intervention control groups. It is a hugely important finding that eHealth interventions can improve HIV management behaviours as this is a low-cost way of improving HIV outcomes and reducing the spread of HIV in SSA. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020186025.
Evaluating the Validity and Reliability of the Gender Equitable Men’s Scale Using a Longitudinal Cohort of Adolescent Girls and Young Women in South Africa
Authors: Wesson Paul D. , Lippman Sheri A. , Neilands Torsten B. , Ahern Jennifer , Kahn Kathleen , Pettifor Audrey
Published: August 2021

Inequitable gender norms and beliefs contribute to increased sexual risk behavior, and, among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), risk of HIV acquisition. We investigated the longitudinal measurement properties of the Gender Equitable Men’s Scale (GEMS) when applied to a cohort of AGYW in rural South Africa (2011–2015). We used item response theory [Person-Item maps, Differential Item Functioning (DIF)] and measurement invariance confirmatory factor analysis models to assess the validity and reliability of the GEMS instrument. Item difficulty and endorsement of gender equitable beliefs both shifted over time. DIF analysis identified item bias for over half of the items; influenced by age, pregnancy, sexual debut, and intimate partner violence. Measurement invariance models revealed strong longitudinal invariance properties. GEMS is a reliable longitudinal measurement of gender equitable beliefs, with notable bias for specific items when administered to subgroups. Additional items specific to the adolescent experience are warranted for a more stable assessment of gender equitable beliefs in a population facing shifting norms as they mature.
Ethnic Culture as Related to Sexual and Reproductive Behavior in the Republic of Suriname: The Pervasiveness of Culture
Authors: Buunk Abraham P. , Van Brummen-Girigori Odette J. , Leckie Glenn L.
Published: August 2021

We examined the effects of culture and ethnicity on life history strategies in terms of sexual and reproductive behaviors. The sample included 500 adults, aged 25–50 years, from the five major ethnic groups in Suriname, i.e., the Maroons, Creoles, Hindustani, Javanese, and Mixed. First, there were strong gender differences: men reported to have had more sex partners and to have had their first sexual experience earlier than women, whereas women had their first child earlier and had more children than men. Second, in general, ethnicity affected life history substantially. The Maroons stood out by a relatively fast life history: they reported to have had more sexual partners, to have had their first sex and first child at an earlier age, and to have more children than all other groups. The Creoles were in general similar to the Maroons, whereas the Hindustani and the Javanese were characterized by a relatively slow life history: they reported to have had the lowest number of sexual partners, to have had their first sex and first child at the latest age, and to have had the lowest number of children. The differences between the ethnic groups were upheld when controlling for income, educational level, and father absence during childhood. A lower education was associated with reporting to have had one’s first sex as well as one’s first child at a younger age and children who grew up without a father reported to have had their first sex at a younger age.
Feeling Better: Experiences and Needs of Adolescents and Professionals Regarding Their Mentoring Relationship in Residential Youth Care
Authors: Harder Annemiek T. , Eenshuistra Annika , Knorth Erik J.
Published: August 2021

Background

In residential youth care, group care workers and teachers often serve as a mentor for individual adolescents. Although favorable mentoring relationships are associated with positive adolescent outcomes, few studies examined the role of mentoring in residential youth care.

Objective

The present study aims to assess adolescents’, care workers’ and teachers’ mentoring relationship needs in terms of their one-on-one conversations during residential care.

Methods

We conducted structured interviews with eleven adolescents, ten group care workers and two teachers and content analysis to assess the data

Results

All respondents are rather satisfied with their conversations, which are often concerned with how the adolescent is doing. Adolescents mostly consider their family and home-situation as difficult topics, while care workers mostly consider sexuality as a difficult topic to talk about. Although ‘improvement’ with the youth is often the aim, most adolescents report that they do not (know if they) show changes because of these conversations. Moreover, only one of the twelve professionals thinks that it is his core task to achieve behavior change with the adolescents. According to the professionals, conversations often aim at building a good relationship, coaching, determining treatment goals, and gaining insight into the adolescent. Adolescents prefer a mentor who is calm, has respect, listens, and is reluctant in giving advice. Most professionals do not use a specific method and doubt whether they want to have conversations according to a manual or support tool.

Conclusions

Despite being rather satisfied, adolescents and professionals indicate several points for improvement of one-on-one conversations.
Generating mathematical knowledge in the classroom through proof, refutation, and abductive reasoning
Authors: Komatsu Kotaro , Jones Keith
Published: August 2021

Proving and refuting are fundamental aspects of mathematical practice that are intertwined in mathematical activity in which conjectures and proofs are often produced and improved through the back-and-forth transition between attempts to prove and disprove. One aspect underexplored in the education literature is the connection between this activity and the construction by students of knowledge, such as mathematical concepts and theorems, that is new to them. This issue is significant to seeking a better integration of mathematical practice and content, emphasised in curricula in several countries. In this paper, we address this issue by exploring how students generate mathematical knowledge through discovering and handling refutations. We first explicate a model depicting the generation of mathematical knowledge throughheuristic refutation(revising conjectures/proofs through discovering and addressing counterexamples) and draw on a model representing different types of abductive reasoning. We employed both models, together with the literature on the teachers’ role in orchestrating whole-class discussion, to analyse a series of classroom lessons involving secondary school students (aged 14–15 years, Grade 9). Our analysis uncovers the process by which the students discovered a counterexample invalidating their proof and then worked via creative abduction where a certain theorem was produced to cope with the counterexample. The paper highlights the roles played by the teacher in supporting the students’ work and the importance of careful task design. One implication is better insight into the form of activity in which students learn mathematical content while engaging in mathematical practice.
Stokes drift through corals
Authors: Webber Joseph J. , Huppert Herbert E.
Published: August 2021

Motivated by shallow ocean waves propagating over coral reefs, we investigate the drift velocities due to surface wave motion in an effectively inviscid fluid that overlies a saturated porous bed of finite depth. Previous work in this area either neglects the large-scale flow between layers (Phillips in Flow and reactions in permeable rocks, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991) or only considers the drift above the porous layer (Monismith in Ann Rev Fluid Mech 39:37–55, 2007). Overcoming these limitations, we propose a model where flow is described by a velocity potential above the porous layer and by Darcy’s law in the porous bed, with derived matching conditions at the interface between the two layers. Both a horizontal and a novel vertical drift effect arise from the damping of the porous bed, which requires the use of a complex wavenumber k. This is in contrast to the purely horizontal second-order drift first derived by Stokes (Trans Camb Philos Soc 8:441–455, 1847) when working with solely a pure fluid layer. Our work provides a physical model for coral reefs in shallow seas, where fluid drift both above and within the reef is vitally important for maintaining a healthy reef ecosystem (Koehl et al. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, vol 2, pp 1087–1092, 1997; Monismith in Ann Rev Fluid Mech 39:37–55, 2007). We compare our model with field measurements by Koehl and Hadfield (J Mar Syst 49:75–88, 2004) and also explain the vertical drift effects as documented by Koehl et al. (Mar Ecol Prog Ser 335:1–18, 2007), who measured the exchange between a coral reef layer and the (relatively shallow) sea above.
Index-Aware Model-Order Reduction for a Special Class of Nonlinear Differential-Algebraic Equations
Authors: Banagaaya Nicodemus , Alì Giuseppe , Grundel Sara , Benner Peter
Published: August 2021

We extend the index-aware model-order reduction method to systems of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations with a special nonlinear term $$\mathbf{f}(\mathbf{E}\mathbf{x}),$$

f
(
E
x
)
,

where $$\mathbf{E}$$
E
is a singular matrix. Such nonlinear differential-algebraic equations arise, for example, in the spatial discretization of the gas flow in pipeline networks. In practice, mathematical models of real-life processes pose challenges when used in numerical simulations, due to complexity and system size. Model-order reduction aims to eliminate this problem by generating reduced-order models that have lower computational cost to simulate, yet accurately represent the original large-scale system behavior. However, direct reduction and simulation of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations is difficult due to hidden constraints which affect the choice of numerical integration methods and model-order reduction techniques. We propose an extension of index-aware model-order reduction methods to a special class of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations without any kind of linearization. The proposed model-order reduction approach involves automatic decoupling of nonlinear differential-algebraic equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and algebraic equations, based on the decoupling of the linear differential equations obtained by ignoring the nonlinear term, thanks to an additional structural condition. This allows applying standard model-order reduction techniques to both parts without worrying about the index. The same procedure can also be used to simulate nonlinear differential-algebraic equations by standard integration schemes.
The changing position of housing estate neighbourhoods in the Helsinki metropolitan area
Authors: Lilius Johanna , Hirvonen Jukka
Published: August 2021

This paper addresses the under-researched phenomena of investments in the private rental markets in disadvantaged suburbs in Finland. Despite the application of a social-mixing policy in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area and the Nordic welfare model, suburban housing estate neighbourhoods built in the 1960s and 1970s have experienced a socioeconomic decline since the 1990s. According to several recent large surveys, housing estate neighbourhoods represent the least popular housing environments among Finns. Nevertheless, as the Helsinki Metropolitan Area is currently facing rapid population growth, these neighbourhoods have now become the target for heavy infill development, and ambitious city-led regeneration plans. Simultaneously, housing investment has become an opportunity in Finland for both national and, increasingly, also international real-estate investment companies, as well as for private households. We explore the resurge to invest in housing estate neighbourhoods through two case studies in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. Using statistics and interviews with policymakers and institutional real-estate investors, as well as a review of policy documents as our data, we show the variegated ways in which the marketization and financialization of housing and urban renewal policies change the social geography of housing estates in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.
NBAS deficiency due to biallelic c.2809C > G variant presenting with recurrent acute liver failure with severe hyperammonemia, acquired microcephaly and progressive brain atrophy
Authors: Lipiński Patryk , Greczan Milena , Piekutowska-Abramczuk Dorota , Jurkiewicz Elżbieta , Bakuła Agnieszka , Socha Piotr , Jankowska Irena , Rokicki Dariusz , Tylki-Szymańska Anna
Published: August 2021

Biallelic pathogenic variants in the neuroblastoma amplified sequence (NBAS) gene were firstly (2015) identified as a cause of fever-triggered recurrent acute liver failure (RALF). Since then, some patients with NBAS deficiency presenting with neurologic features, including a motor delay, intellectual disability, muscular hypotonia and a mild brain atrophy, have been reported. Here, we describe a case of pediatric patient diagnosed with NBAS deficiency due to a homozygous c.2809C > G, p.(Pro937Ala) variant presenting with RALF with severe hyperammonemia, acquired microcephaly and progressive brain atrophy. Not reported in the literature findings include severe hyperammonemia during ALF episode, and neurologic features in the form of acquired progressive microcephaly with brain atrophy. The latter raises the hypothesis about a primary neurologic phenotype in NBAS deficiency.
User generated content for enhanced professional productions: a mobile application for content contributors and a study on the factors influencing their satisfaction and loyalty
Authors: Ntoa Stavroula , Margetis George , Rivera Fiona , Evans Michael , Adami Ilia , Mathioudakis Georgios , Weerakkody Rajitha , Metaxakis George , Markopoulos Ioannis , Mrak Marta , Stephanidis Constantine
Published: August 2021

Motivated by a combination of social media, technological evolution, as well as new habits and preferences of TV content consumers, there is an increasing demand for enhancement of professional productions with user generated content. Studies have explored the potential and feasibility of this approach, indicating that footage from non-professionals can be effectively used to enrich the viewing experience. However, an important concern is whether such efforts are appealing to potential contributors, and what can actually impact their satisfaction and loyalty. Aiming to investigate these factors, this paper presents a mobile application for content contributors and a study involving 38 attendees of live events, using the application in the field. The events were hosted in two different countries, and transmitted by two well-known broadcasters. The results suggest that age, gender, technological expertise, and overall sharing attitude do not affect the satisfaction and loyalty of contributors. The differentiating factors, however, are the filming confidence and expertise of contributors, as well as the Wi-Fi/4G connectivity on-site. Implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations for similar endeavors are provided.
Numbers and their contexts: how quantified actors narrate numbers and decontextualization
Authors: Piattoeva Nelli
Published: August 2021

The proliferation of standardized testing and administrative statistics in compulsory education is embedded in the rise to prominence of quantified accountability as a mechanism of education governance. Numbers work by stripping away the contexts of their production and the granular and ambiguous detail of the phenomena they claim to represent. The article re-examines qualitative interviews collected during a completed international project that studied policies and practices of accountability reforms and quality evaluation in Russian school education to understand how actors involved in quantified accountability—from producers to users of large-scale assessments of learning outcomes and administrative statistical data—articulate measuring or being measured in a decontextualized manner. The article offers two theoretical contributions on the enactment of accountability policies. First, it shows the importance of analytical attention to the materiality of accountability policies, that is, their specifically numerical nature. Second, it proposes that the study of accountability enactment should address the question of how actors deal with the decontextualizing propensities of quantified accountability. I conclude that enactment of accountability is fuelled by quantified decontextualization and the diverse ways in which actors experience, make sense of and act upon it.
Human and rat microsomal metabolites of N-tert-butoxycarbonylmethamphetamine and its urinary metabolites in rat
Authors: Kakehashi Hidenao , Doi Takahiro , Wada Misato , Kamata Tooru , Shima Noriaki , Miyake Akari , Nitta Atsushi , Asai Ryutaro , Fujii Shihoko , Matsuta Shuntaro , Sasaki Keiko , Kamata Hiroe , Nishioka Hiroshi , Miki Akihiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Katagi Munehiro
Published: August 2021

Purpose

N-tert-Butoxycarbonylmethamphetamine (BocMA), a masked derivative of methamphetamine (MA), converts into MA under acidic condition and potentially acts as a precursor to MA following ingestion. To investigate the metabolism and excretion of BocMA, metabolism tests were conducted using human liver microsomes (HLM), rat liver microsomes (RLM) and rat.

Methods

BocMA metabolites were analyzed after 1000-ng/mL BocMA incubation with microsomes for 3, 8, 13, 20, 30, and 60 min. Rats were administered intraperitoneal injections (20 mg/kg) of BocMA and their urine was collected in intervals for 72 h. Metabolites were detected by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with five authentic standards.

Results

Several metabolites including 4-hydroxy-BocMA, N-tert-butoxycarbonylephedrine and N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-cathinone were detected for HLM and RLM. In the administration test, three glucuronides of hydroxylated metabolites were detected. The total recovery values of BocMA and the metabolites during the first 72 h accounted for only 0.3% of the administered dose. Throughout the microsomal and administration experiments, MAs were not detected.

Conclusion

Hydroxylation, carbonylation and N-demethylation were proposed as metabolic pathways. However, BocMA and phase I metabolites were hardly detected in urine. This study provides useful information to interpret the possibility of BocMA intake as the cause of MA detection in biological sample.
Localised strain in fissured clays: the combined effect of fissure orientation and confining pressure
Authors: Tudisco Erika , Vitone Claudia , Mondello Cristina , Viggiani Gioacchino , Athanasopoulos Stefanos , Hall Stephen A. , Cotecchia Federica
Published: August 2021

This paper reports the main results of an experimental study on the mechanics of intensely fissured natural clays, extending our previous studies on scaly clay from Santa Croce di Magliano. While previous work focused on the influence of the orientation of fissures with respect to the loading direction, the present investigation specifically explores an additional, important variable: the stress level. The combined effect of fissure orientation and confining pressure was studied by setting up a large campaign of plane strain compression experiments, in which different combinations of these two variables were tested. Conventional global stress–strain measurements were complemented by measuring displacement and strain fields through two-dimensional digital image correlation. Such rich information provided a clear and consistent picture of the interplay between fissure orientation and stress level and revealed complex deformation patterns, which cannot be ignored for a proper interpretation of the material response.
Das Spießerverdikt. Invektive Umordnungen des Sozialen seit der Romantik
Authors: Engel Sonja , Schrage Dominik
Published: August 2021

„Spießern“ wird im Deutschen in herabsetzender Absicht Engstirnigkeit und eine konformistische Lebensweise unterstellt. Der Aufsatz fasst das Spießerverdikt als ein kommunikatives Muster, das in Auseinandersetzungen um die Deutung der sozialen Ordnung eingesetzt wird, indem es die Angehörigen der Mitte als Repräsentanten der bestehenden Ordnung attackiert. Varianten des Spießerverdikts zirkulieren im deutschen Sprachraum seit dem frühen 19. Jahrhundert. Sie entwerfen gegenhegemoniale Sinnhorizonte der gesellschaftlichen Verortung und Legitimation. Um ihre Funktion bei der Erzeugung und In-Geltung-Setzung von Vorstellungen sozialer Ordnung sichtbar zu machen, wird die Herausbildung des kommunikativen Musters anhand dreier Varianten im deutschsprachigen Raum nachgezeichnet: der Philistersatire in der Romantik, der Kleinbürgerkritik in der durch Marx und Engels geprägten Klassentheorie und der antibürgerlichen Selbstinszenierung der Bohemiens. Damit wird eine kultursoziologische Perspektive auf sozialen Wandel eingenommen, die die diskursive Praxis der Herabsetzung als Faktor von Konflikten in Zeiten gesellschaftlicher Umbrüche fokussiert.
Computerlinguistische Verfahren zur Vermessung wissenschaftsdisziplinärer Kommunikation. Eine exemplarische Studie über die Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik
Authors: Jahn Robert W. , Goldenstein Jan , Götzl Mathias
Published: August 2021

Wissenschaftliche Disziplinen als Kommunikations- und Diskursgemeinschaften spezieller Fachleute befassen sich nicht allein mit ihren Gegenständen sowie der eigenen Methodologie und Methodik, sondern auch mit sich selbst und der Entwicklung ihrer paradigmatischen Grundlagen. Dies hat auch in den Erziehungswissenschaften eine breite Tradition. Zur Analyse paradigmatischer Entwicklungen der Ideen- und Sozialgestalt einer Disziplin eignet sich insbesondere die Untersuchung der disziplinären Kommunikation. Interessant ist in diesem Zusammenhang vor allem die formelle (schriftliche) Kommunikation, die in disziplinären Fachzeitschriften erfolgt.

Qualitative Analysen sind jedoch sehr aufwändig, insb. wenn größere Datenmengen und Zeiträume analysiert werden sollen. Zudem besteht das Problem, dass eine deduktive, thematische Analyse disziplinäre Kartierungsansätze braucht, die relativ trennscharf die disziplinären Gegenstände operationalisieren. Demgegenüber erlauben quantitativ orientierte computerlinguistische Analysen einen induktiven Zugriff auf die in Zeitschriften publizierten Themen sowie die Verarbeitung großer Datenmengen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein computerlinguistisches topic-modeling-Verfahren vorgestellt und angewandt, dass die Themen einer gesamten Zeitschrift induktiv extrahiert und jeden ihrer einzelnen Beiträge quantitativ thematisch gewichtet.

Dies erfolgt am Beispiel der Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik als eine erziehungswissenschaftliche Teildisziplin und der „Berufs- und Wirtschaftspädagogik – online“ als einer ihrer zentralen Fachzeitschriften. Diese hat zwei wesentliche Vorteile als Anwendungsbeispiel. Erstens liegt sie bereits in digitalisierter Form vor. Zweitens eignet sie sich zur Validierung des Verfahrens und der identifizierten Themen, da ihre einzelnen Ausgaben bereits themenbezogen sind.

Es kann gezeigt werden, dass die untersuchte Zeitschrift zentrale Forschungsgegenstände der Disziplin abbildet. Das Verfahren eignet sich zudem auch, um methodische und methodologische Topics in den Beiträgen zu identifizieren. Es lässt darüber hinaus eine Verbindung zwischen der kognitiv-inhaltlichen und sozialen Dimension paradigmatischer Entwicklungen zu, da Ähnlichkeiten und Unterschiede in der thematischen Kommunikation zwischen Personen und Organisationen ermittelt werden können. So können z. B. sechs Gruppen von Universitätsstandorten identifiziert werden, die inhaltlich an ähnlichen Themen arbeiten.
Gerechtigkeitsbeurteilungen zu SchülerInnen-Lehrkraft-Interaktionen in der inklusiven Schule – Eine experimentelle Studie unter Berücksichtigung sonderpädagogischer Förderbedarfe
Authors: Kobs Scarlett , Knigge Michel , Kliegl Reinhold
Published: August 2021

Gerechtigkeitserleben spielt eine zentrale Rolle für produktives Wohlbefinden in der Schule und trägt zum Zugehörigkeitsgefühl bei. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht in einem experimentellen Design, wie die Berücksichtigung sonderpädagogischer Förderbedarfe im Sinne des Bedarfsprinzips Gerechtigkeitsbeurteilungen von SchülerInnen-Lehrkraft-Interaktionen beeinflusst. Eine Stichprobe von 275 Lehramtsstudierenden gab an, wie gerecht sie die in Textvignetten beschriebenen Unterrichtssituationen beurteilte. Es zeigte sich ein bedeutsamer Einfluss des Vorhandenseins sonderpädagogischer Förderbedarfe im „Förderschwerpunkt emotionale-soziale Entwicklung“ sowie ein signifikanter Einfluss aus der Kombination von Förderbedarfen im Bereich „Lernen“ und des gerechtigkeitstheoretischen Fokus’ der Vignetten (Verteilungsfragen oder zwischenmenschliche Gerechtigkeitsfragen). Eine Nichtbeachtung des Bedarfsprinzips in inklusiven Unterrichtssituationen führte tendenziell zu einer weniger gerechten Unterrichtswahrnehmung. Eine zusätzliche Information über eine explizite Diagnose beeinflusste die Gerechtigkeitsurteile der Befragten nicht. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass das Bedarfsprinzip in der Beurteilung schulischer Interaktionen bereits bei Lehramtsstudierenden eine Rolle spielt.
Enthesitis in Psoriatic Arthritis, the Sonographic Perspective
Authors: Smerilli Gianluca , Di Matteo Andrea , Cipolletta Edoardo , Grassi Walter , Filippucci Emilio
Published: August 2021

Purpose of Review

To provide an overview of the ultrasound (US) studies focusing on enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Recent Findings

Last-generation US equipment has demonstrated the ability to detect subtle morphostructural and vascular abnormalities at entheseal level. US is able to identify pathologic changes in both “classical” (i.e., the site of attachment of tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules into the bone) and “functional” entheses (i.e., anatomical regions where tendons or ligaments wrap around bony pulleys).

US has the potential to be the first-line method in the assessment of enthesitis. In the present review we critically discussed the current definitions of US enthesitis, the scoring systems, and the main fields of application (i.e., the detection of enthesitis in PsA and psoriasis, the identification of different disease subsets, and the assessment of response to treatment).
Qualifizierung der Qualifizierenden
Authors: Prigge Jessica , Thole Werner , Engelbracht Mischa
Published: August 2021

Die wachsende Aufmerksamkeit für die Lebensphase Kindheit fordert die beruflichen Qualifizierungsformate wie die entsprechenden akademischen Studienprogramme. Die Bewältigung des diagnostizierten Fachkräftebedarfs und die damit eng verbundene Herausforderung der weiteren Professionalisierung sind unterdessen nach wie vor ungelöst. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in dem Beitrag Wandlungsprozesse sozialpädagogischer Qualifizierungsformate skizziert und an bildungsorientierte Erwartungen erinnert, die eine Ausdifferenzierung spezifisch fachlicher Inhalte und didaktischer Überlegungen anregen.
Muslimische Jugendverbände
Authors: Greschner Deniz
Published: August 2021

Der Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die diversen Inhalte und Organisationsformen von Jugendverbänden, die sich in ihrer Selbstbeschreibung öffentlich als „muslimisch“ positionieren. Weiter thematisiert er die Bedeutung von „safer spaces“ (Schutzräume) in diesen Jugendverbänden und beschreibt, wie muslimische Jugendliche diese Räume verstehen. Welche sozialen Kategorien, intersektionalen Erfahrungen und ihre wechselwirkende Beziehung sind hier einflussreich? Welche Rolle spielen diese Räume in den Strukturen der Jugendverbandsarbeit?
Modelling Neighbourhood Effects in Three Dutch Cities Controlling for Selection
Authors: Troost Agata A. , van Ham Maarten , Janssen Heleen J.
Published: August 2021

The non-random selection of people into neighbourhoods complicates the estimation of causal neighbourhood effects on individual outcomes. Measured neighbourhood effects could be the result of characteristics of the neighbourhood context, but they could also result from people selecting into neighbourhoods based on their preferences, income, and the availability of alternative housing. This paper examines how the neighbourhood effect on individual income is altered when geographic selection correction terms are added as controls, and how these results vary across three Dutch urban regions. We use a two-step approach in which we first model neighbourhood selection, and then include neighbourhood choice correction components in a model estimating neighbourhood effects on individual income. Using longitudinal register datasets for three major Dutch cities: Amsterdam, Utrecht and Rotterdam, and multilevel models, we analysed the effects for individuals who moved during a 5-year period. We show that in all cities, the effect of average neighbourhood income on individual income becomes much smaller after controlling for explicitly modelled neighbourhood selection. This suggests that studies that do not control for neighbourhood selection most likely overestimate the size of neighbourhood effects. For all models, the effects of neighbourhood income are strongest in Rotterdam, followed by Amsterdam and Utrecht.
Scientific Evidence and the Internalism–Externalism Distinction
Authors: Egeland Jonathan
Published: August 2021

Considerations of scientific evidence are often thought to provide externalism with the dialectical upper hand in the internalism–externalism debate. How so? A couple of reasons are forthcoming in the literature. (1) Williamson (2000) argues that the E = K thesis (in contrast to internalism) provides the best explanation for the fact that scientists appear to argue from premises about true propositions (or facts) that are common knowledge among the members of the scientific community. (2) Kelly (Philosophy Compass, 3 (5), 933–955, 2008; 2016) argues that only externalism is suited to account for the public character of scientific evidence. In this article, I respond to Williamson and Kelly’s arguments. First, I show that the E = K thesis isn’t supported by the way in which we talk about scientific evidence, and that it is unable to account for facts about what has been regarded as scientific evidence and as justified scientific belief in the history of science. Second, I argue that there are internalist views that can account for the publicity of scientific evidence, and that those views indeed do better in that regard than the (externalist) view proposed by Kelly. The upshot is that considerations of scientific evidence do not favor externalism over internalism.
Accelerating the pace of ecotoxicological assessment using artificial intelligence
Authors: Song Runsheng , Li Dingsheng , Chang Alexander , Tao Mengya , Qin Yuwei , Keller Arturo A. , Suh Sangwon
Published: August 2021

Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) is a key metric for understanding the potential ecotoxicological impacts of chemicals. However, SSDs have been developed to estimate for only handful of chemicals due to the scarcity of experimental toxicity data. Here we present a novel approach to expand the chemical coverage of SSDs using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We collected over 2000 experimental toxicity data in Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) for 8 aquatic species and trained an ANN model for each of the 8 aquatic species based on molecular structure. The R2 values of resulting ANN models range from 0.54 to 0.75 (median R2 = 0.69). We applied the predicted LC50 values to fit SSD curves using bootstrapping method, generating SSDs for 8424 chemicals in the ToX21 database. The dataset is expected to serve as a screening-level reference SSD database for understanding potential ecotoxicological impacts of chemicals.
Does the socio-demographic profile of patients limit access to bariatric surgery?
Authors: Richard Viviane , Stähli Christof , Giudicelli Guillaume , Worreth Marc Daniel , Krähenbühl Nicole , Greiner Emilie , Papastathi Chrysoula , Diana Michele , Saadi Alend
Published: August 2021

Purpose

Surgery remains the only treatment allowing for a significant and sustainable weight loss in case of severe obesity. Patients undergo a specific multidisciplinary preparation and selection before the operation. This study aims to correlate the psychosocial profile with the likelihood of undergoing bariatric surgery in patients enrolled in the preparation program of a Swiss reference center.

Methods

All patients referred to an obesity center between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2017, seeking a first bariatric procedure were included. Socio-demographic data, BMI, preoperative psychological and dietary evaluations were collected. Usually, the preoperative process lasts 1 year. Patients who left the preparation or who had not undergone surgery after more than 2 years of follow-up were considered withdrawers. Surgery completion predictors were reviewed with bivariate analysis and socio-demographic clusters established using the K-means method.

Results

Out of a total of 221 patients, 99 (45%) patients had not undergone bariatric surgery 2 years after their first consultation. The patients were divided into four distinct socio-demographic clusters, among which a particularly deprived one. Criteria such as unfavorable psychological (p < 0.001) and dietary (p < 0.001) evaluations, and male gender (p < 0.05) were significantly associated with non-operation, unlike socio-demographic indicators and clusters (p > 0.1).

Conclusion

Almost half of the patients starting a bariatric program are not operated on, which is related to an unfavorable psychological or dietary evaluation and to the male gender. This study also demonstrates that a significant share of patients combines several factors of social deprivation, without influencing the likelihood of surgery completion.

Level of evidence

Level V: Descriptive study.