bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological change from the inside looking out: A qualitative investigation
Authors: Carey Timothy A. , Carey Margaret , Stalker Kirsten , Mullan Richard J. , Murray Lindsey K. , Spratt Margaret B.
Published: August 2007

Regardless of the type of psychotherapy considered, change is the predominant goal. Psychotherapies differ in their explanations of how change occurs and what it is that needs to change, but pursuing change of something in some way is common. Psychotherapeutic methods, therefore, should be enhanced as knowledge of the change process improves. Furthermore, improving our knowledge about general principles of change may be of greater benefit to psychotherapy than increased knowledge about any particular change technique. This study addresses the questions ‘What is psychological change?’ and ‘How does it occur?’ from patients’ viewpoints. Answers to these questions were sought using qualitative methodology. At the end of treatment, 27 people were interviewed about their experience of change. Interviews were taped and transcripts analysed using the Framework approach. Change occurred across three domains: feelings, thoughts and actions. Participants described change as both a gradual process and an identifiable moment. In relation to how change occurred, six themes emerged: motivation and readiness, perceived aspects of self, tools and strategies, learning, interaction with the therapist and the relief of talking. Change was experienced in similar ways irrespective of type of treatment. Current stage models of change may not be suited to the explanations of change provided by the participants of this study; the process of insight through reorganization might be a more accurate explanation. Understanding change as a process involving sudden and gradual elements rather than a process occurring through sequential stages could inform the development of more efficacious psychological treatments.
Secondary school pupils’ views of their school peer counselling for bullying service
Authors: Boulton Michael J. , Trueman Mark , Bishop Samantha , Baxandall Emma , Holme Abigail , Smith Sarah-Louise , Vohringer Fernanda , Boulton Louise
Published: August 2007

Pupils (n=99) from two secondary schools in the UK were interviewed to investigate their views and experiences of the peer counselling for bullying service set up in their school. They were asked about various things concerning (1) the characteristics of the service and service providers that they valued and (2) their reasons for not using the service. Overall, a majority of participants reported a willingness to use this type of service and they identified numerous characteristics that they valued, including peer counsellors with good listening skills who were trustworthy and maintained confidentiality. A noteworthy proportion of participants also wanted the service to provide advice on solving bullying‐related problems. Some barriers to using the service were also identified, including fear of being stigmatised. Responses offered by girls and boys, and by users and non‐users of the service, were compared and several significant differences emerged. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for adults who run this type of service and the peer counsellors who deliver it.
Pragmatic evaluation of the viability of CCBT self‐help for depression in higher education
Authors: Mitchell Nicky , Dunn Kate
Published: August 2007

This study explores the potential of a computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) self‐help programme for depression within the context of a Higher Education Counselling Service. It seems timely to consider the place of evidence‐based alternatives to the face‐to‐face counselling traditionally provided in higher education with user choice in mind. There is also a need to cater for increasing numbers of students experiencing a wide range and severity of emotional difficulties, sometimes resulting in long waiting periods for help. In the study twelve depressed students used the CCBT programme ‘Beating the Blues’™. Ten (83.3%) participants completed the programme. Initial credibility of and expectancy‐for‐improvement from the intervention was high. Significant reductions in depression scores were found following completion, whilst anxiety scores changes were not significant. Feedback on the programme was largely positive. CCBT was clearly preferred to face‐to‐face counselling by some participants, supporting the need for a choice of interventions for students. These results suggest that CCBT may be an acceptable and effective intervention for a number of depressed students. It is argued that CCBT may be a viable addition to current provision in Higher Education Counselling Services and that further studies are required to investigate this further.
Clients with borderline personality disorder: Exploring their experiences of dialectical behaviour therapy
Authors: Hodgetts Alison , Wright John , Gough Anna
Published: August 2007

This study explores clients’ experiences of Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT). Five participants, all with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, were interviewed following a semi‐structured format about their experiences of an NHS regional DBT programme. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Three superordinate themes were identified consisting of a number of sub themes: joining a DBT Programme (external and internal factors); experience of DBT (specific and non specific factors); and evaluation of DBT (change, evaluation and role of the past and future). The study provides an insight into clients’ experiences of DBT. The results are discussed in relation to clinical practice and future research.
Cell- and gene-specific regulation of primary target genes by the androgen receptor
Authors: Bolton Eric C. , So Alex Y. , Chaivorapol Christina , Haqq Christopher M. , Li Hao , Yamamoto Keith R.
Published: August 2007

The androgen receptor (AR) mediates the physiologic and pathophysiologic effects of androgens including sexual differentiation, prostate development, and cancer progression by binding to genomic androgen response elements (AREs), which influence transcription of AR target genes. The composition and context of AREs differ between genes, thus enabling AR to confer multiple regulatory functions within a single nucleus. We used expression profiling of an immortalized human prostate epithelial cell line to identify 205 androgen-responsive genes (ARGs), most of them novel. In addition, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify 524 AR binding regions and validated in reporter assays the ARE activities of several such regions. Interestingly, 67% of our AREs resided within ∼50 kb of the transcription start sites of 84% of our ARGs. Indeed, most ARGs were associated with two or more AREs, and ARGs were sometimes themselves linked in gene clusters containing up to 13 AREs and 12 ARGs. AREs appeared typically to be composite elements, containing AR binding sequences adjacent to binding motifs for other transcriptional regulators. Functionally, ARGs were commonly involved in prostate cell proliferation, communication, differentiation, and possibly cancer progression. Our results provide new insights into cell- and gene-specific mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of androgen-responsive gene networks.
Recruitment of factors linking transcription and processing of pre-rRNA to NOR chromatin is UBF-dependent and occurs independent of transcription in human cells
Authors: Prieto José-Luis , McStay Brian
Published: August 2007

Efficient ribosome biogenesis requires coordination of a highly complex series of events. Early events include pre-RNA transcription, processing, and modification. Analysis in yeast has demonstrated that t-UTPs, components of the U3 snoRNA-containing pre-rRNA processing complex, are required for efficient transcription of ribosomal genes (rDNA) by RNA polymerase I (pol I). Here, we characterize human t-UTPs and establish that their ability to link transcription and pre-rRNA processing is evolutionarily conserved. The pol I transcription factor UBF binds extensively across rDNA throughout the cell cycle, resulting in a specialized form of chromatin that is the hallmark of active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). Transcriptionally silent pseudo-NORs are ectopic, chromosomally integrated, artificial arrays that mimic this specialized chromatin structure. Pseudo-NORs sequester t-UTPs and factors linking transcription with pre-rRNA modification (Nopp140 and Treacle). Recruitment is independent of transcription, the underlying DNA sequence, and location within the nucleolus. Previously, we have demonstrated that pseudo-NORs sequester every component of the pol I transcription machinery. Taken together, these results highlight the importance of the specialized chromatin structure at active NORs in coordinating early events in ribosome biogenesis and nucleolar formation.
Domain-wide regulation of gene expression in the human genome
Authors: Gierman Hinco J. , Indemans Mireille H.G. , Koster Jan , Goetze Sandra , Seppen Jurgen , Geerts Dirk , van Driel Roel , Versteeg Rogier
Published: August 2007

Transcription factor complexes bind to regulatory sequences of genes, providing a system of individual expression regulation. Targets of distinct transcription factors usually map throughout the genome, without clustering. Nevertheless, highly and weakly expressed genes do cluster in separate chromosomal domains with an average size of 80–90 genes. We therefore asked whether, besides transcription factors, an additional level of gene expression regulation exists that acts on chromosomal domains. Here we show that identical green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter constructs integrated at 90 different chromosomal positions obtain expression levels that correspond to the activity of the domains of integration. These domains are up to 80 genes long and can exert an eightfold effect on the expression levels of integrated genes. 3D-FISH shows that active domains of integration have a more open chromatin structure than integration domains with weak activity. These results reveal a novel domain-wide regulatory mechanism that, together with transcription factors, exerts a dual control over gene transcription.
Medicago truncatula as a Model for Nonhost Resistance in Legume-Parasitic Plant Interactions
Authors: Lozano-Baena M. Dolores , Prats Elena , Moreno M. Teresa , Rubiales Diego , Pérez-de-Luque Alejandro
Published: August 2007

Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) is a root parasitic weed that represents a major constraint for grain legume production in Mediterranean and West Asian countries. Medicago truncatula has emerged as an important model plant species for structural and functional genomics. The close phylogenic relationship of M. truncatula with crop legumes increases its value as a resource for understanding resistance against Orobanche spp. Different cytological methods were used to study the mechanisms of resistance against crenate broomrape of two accessions of M. truncatula, showing early and late acting resistance. In the early resistance accession (SA27774) we found that the parasite died before a tubercle had formed. In the late resistance accession (SA4327) the parasite became attached without apparent problems to the host roots but most of the established tubercles turned dark and died before emergence. The results suggest that there are defensive mechanisms acting in both accessions but with a time gap that is crucial for a higher success avoiding parasite infection.
In Vivo Hexamerization and Characterization of the Arabidopsis AAA ATPase CDC48A Complex Using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Aker José , Hesselink Renske , Engel Ruchira , Karlova Rumyana , Borst Jan Willem , Visser Antonie J.W.G. , de Vries Sacco C.
Published: August 2007

The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AAA ATPase CDC48A was fused to cerulean fluorescent protein and yellow fluorescent protein. AAA ATPases like CDC48 are only active in hexameric form. Förster resonance energy transfer-based fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using CDC48A-cerulean fluorescent protein and CDC48A-yellow fluorescent protein showed interaction between two adjacent protomers, demonstrating homo-oligomerization occurs in living plant cells. Interaction between CDC48A and the SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE1 (SERK1) transmembrane receptor occurs in very restricted domains at the plasma membrane. In these domains the predominant form of the fluorescently tagged CDC48A protein is a hexamer, suggesting that SERK1 is associated with the active form of CDC48A in vivo. SERK1 trans-phosphorylates CDC48A on Ser-41. Förster resonance energy transfer-fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy was used to show that in vivo the C-terminal domains of CDC48A stay in close proximity. Employing fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, it was shown that CDC48A hexamers are part of larger complexes.
Signaling from an Altered Cell Wall to the Nucleus Mediates Sugar-Responsive Growth and Development inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Yunhai , Smith Caroline , Corke Fiona , Zheng Leiying , Merali Zara , Ryden Peter , Derbyshire Paul , Waldron Keith , Bevan Michael W.
Published: August 2007

Sugars such as glucose function as signal molecules that regulate gene expression, growth, and development in plants, animals, and yeast. To understand the molecular mechanisms of sugar responses, we isolated and characterized an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, high sugar response8 (hsr8), which enhances sugar-responsive growth and gene expression. Light-grown hsr8 plants exhibited increased starch and anthocyanin and reduced chlorophyll content in response to glucose treatment. Dark-grown hsr8 seedlings showed glucose-hypersensitive hypocotyl elongation and development. The HSR8 gene, isolated using map-based cloning, was allelic to the MURUS4 (MUR4) gene involved in arabinose synthesis. Dark-grown mur1 and mur3 seedlings also exhibited similar sugar responses to hsr8/mur4. The sugar-hypersensitive phenotypes of hsr8/mur4, mur1, and mur3 were rescued by boric acid, suggesting that alterations in the cell wall cause hypersensitive sugar-responsive phenotypes. Genetic analysis showed that sugar-hypersensitive responses in hsr8 mutants were suppressed by pleiotropic regulatory locus1 (prl1), indicating that nucleus-localized PRL1 is required for enhanced sugar responses in hsr8 mutant plants. Microarray analysis revealed that the expression of many cell wall–related and sugar-responsive genes was altered in mur4-1, and the expression of a significant proportion of these genes was restored to wild-type levels in the mur4-1 prl1 double mutant. These findings reveal a pathway that signals changes in the cell wall through PRL1 to altered gene expression and sugar-responsive metabolic, growth, and developmental changes.
Allele-Specific Expression Patterns Reveal Biases and Embryo-Specific Parent-of-Origin Effects in Hybrid Maize
Authors: Springer Nathan M. , Stupar Robert M.
Published: August 2007

We employed allele-specific expression (ASE) analyses to document biased allelic expression in maize (Zea mays). A set of 316 quantitative ASE assays were used to profile the relative allelic expression in seedling tissue derived from five maize hybrids. The different hybrids included in this study exhibit a range of heterosis levels; however, we did not observe differences in the frequencies of allelic bias. Allelic biases in gene expression were consistently observed for ∼50% of the genes assayed in hybrid seedlings. The relative proportion of genes that exhibit cis- or trans-acting regulatory variation was very similar among the different genotypes. The cis-acting regulatory variation was more prevalent and resulted in greater expression differences than trans-acting regulatory variation for these genes. The ASE assays were further used to compare the relative expression of the B73 and Mo17 alleles in three tissue types (seedling, immature ear, and embryo) derived from reciprocal hybrids. These comparisons provided evidence for tissue-specific cis-acting variation and for a slight maternal expression bias in ∼20% of genes in embryo tissue. Collectively, these data provide evidence for prevalent cis-acting regulatory variation that contributes to biased allelic expression between genotypes and between tissues.
A Molecular Timetable for Apical Bud Formation and Dormancy Induction in Poplar
Authors: Ruttink Tom , Arend Matthias , Morreel Kris , Storme Véronique , Rombauts Stephane , Fromm Jörg , Bhalerao Rishikesh P. , Boerjan Wout , Rohde Antje
Published: August 2007

The growth of perennial plants in the temperate zone alternates with periods of dormancy that are typically initiated during bud development in autumn. In a systems biology approach to unravel the underlying molecular program of apical bud development in poplar (Populus tremula × Populus alba), combined transcript and metabolite profiling were applied to a high-resolution time course from short-day induction to complete dormancy. Metabolite and gene expression dynamics were used to reconstruct the temporal sequence of events during bud development. Importantly, bud development could be dissected into bud formation, acclimation to dehydration and cold, and dormancy. To each of these processes, specific sets of regulatory and marker genes and metabolites are associated and provide a reference frame for future functional studies. Light, ethylene, and abscisic acid signal transduction pathways consecutively control bud development by setting, modifying, or terminating these processes. Ethylene signal transduction is positioned temporally between light and abscisic acid signals and is putatively activated by transiently low hexose pools. The timing and place of cell proliferation arrest (related to dormancy) and of the accumulation of storage compounds (related to acclimation processes) were established within the bud by electron microscopy. Finally, the identification of a large set of genes commonly expressed during the growth-to-dormancy transitions in poplar apical buds, cambium, or Arabidopsis thaliana seeds suggests parallels in the underlying molecular mechanisms in different plant organs.
The Maize Floury1 Gene Encodes a Novel Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Involved in Zein Protein Body Formation
Authors: Holding David R. , Otegui Marisa S. , Li Bailin , Meeley Robert B. , Dam Thao , Hunter Brenda G. , Jung Rudolf , Larkins Brian A.
Published: August 2007

The maize (Zea mays) floury1 (fl1) mutant was first reported almost 100 years ago, but its molecular identity has remained unknown. We report the cloning of Fl1, which encodes a novel zein protein body membrane protein with three predicted transmembrane domains and a C-terminal plant-specific domain of unknown function (DUF593). In wild-type endosperm, the FL1 protein accumulates at a high level during the period of zein synthesis and protein body development and declines to a low level at kernel maturity. Immunogold labeling showed that FL1 resides in the endoplasmic reticulum surrounding the protein body. Zein protein bodies in fl1 mutants are of normal size, shape, and abundance. However, mutant protein bodies ectopically accumulate 22-kD α-zeins in the γ-zein–rich periphery and center of the core, rather than their normal discrete location in a ring at outer edge of the core. The 19-kD α-zein is uniformly distributed throughout the core in wild-type protein bodies, and this distribution is unaffected in fl1 mutants. Pairwise yeast two-hybrid experiments showed that FL1 DUF593 interacts with the 22-kD α-zein. Results of these studies suggest that FL1 participates in protein body formation by facilitating the localization of 22-kD α-zein and that this is essential for the formation of vitreous endosperm.
Less conversation, more action: putting digital content creation at the heart of modern librarianship
Authors: McMenemy David
Published: August 2007

Purpose

To propose that the notion of digital content creation needs to be more firmly perceived by the library community as an essential skill for all new entrants to the profession rather than an occasionally desirable one.

Design/methodology/approach

The article provides a reflective viewpoint.

Findings

That digital content creation needs to be given a central plank in librarianship and that all new entrants to the profession should be taught the skills and knowledge necessary to manage digital creation projects. The paper also offers some observations regarding potential critical success factors for libraries engaged in digitisation projects.

Practical implications

The article reflects on a specific aspect of practice, and thus may be of interest to practitioners who are involved in digital content creation in libraries.

Originality/value

The paper provides a reflective viewpoint on the skills modern library graduates should be taught, and as such may be of interest to library educators and practitioners.
Information storage and retrieval in the professional curriculum
Authors: Brunt Rodney
Published: August 2007

Purpose

To reflect on the importance of information storage and retrieval in the library curriculum in the 1980s.

Design/methodology/approach

The article provides a reflective viewpoint.

Findings

That cataloguing and classification was a vital skill for librarians to have, and that any moves to reduce it from the library school curriculum should be avoided.

Practical implications

Should be of interest to anyone interested in the historical competencies of librarianship and how they have been debated.

Originality/value

Offers an interesting insight into historical discussions relating to an aspect of library education.
On reading “Information storage and retrieval in the professional curriculum” by Rodney Brunt
Authors: Poulter Alan , Brunt Rodney
Published: August 2007

Purpose

Reflects on a paper extolling teaching cataloguing and indexing at library school written for Library Review in 1980.

Design/methodology/approach

Reflective debate on the content of the original paper.

Findings

The sentiments of the original paper were supported, with the added proviso that nowadays the ability to organise information is a basic skill everyone needs.

Practical implications

May be of interest to practitioners and library educators interested in this long standing debate.

Originality/value

Paper carries a response by the original author to the reflections on his paper.
Application of information and communication technologies in special libraries in Kerala (India)
Authors: Haneefa Mohamed
Published: August 2007

Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in special libraries in Kerala, India.

Design/methodology/approach

The following methods were used to collect data for the study: questionnaire survey of librarians and library users, semi‐structured interviews with librarians, and observational visits in the libraries. This study was confined only to the automated special libraries in Kerala.

Findings

The analyses revealed that though the libraries had hardware, software, and communication facilities to some extent, ICT‐based resources and services were not reaching the users to the expected extent. Library automation in special libraries in Kerala was largely commenced during the period 1990‐2000. CDS/ISIS was used more in the libraries than any other software. The library catalogue found to be the most popular area for automation. The ICT‐based resource used by the largest percentage of the users was the e‐mail. Most of the libraries were hampered by lack of funds, lack of infrastructure, and lack of skilled professionals to embark on automation of all library management activities and application of ICT. A good number of the library users were not satisfied with the application of ICT in their libraries and indicated “inadequate ICT infrastructure” as their major reason for dissatisfaction. They proposed a variety of measures of formal orientation and training on ICT to become more effective users.

Originality/value

The study provides recommendations to enhance library automation and effective and efficient application of ICT.
A comparative assessment of urban and rural households' behaviors towards fresh red meat consumption
Authors: Yıldırım İbrahim , Ceylan Melike
Published: August 2007

Purpose

The major aim of this study is to determine the effect of urbanization and income level on the behaviours of consumers towards red meat consumption structure in Van, Turkey.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample size was found to be 96 and 95 households in urban and rural areas, respectively, using sampling applicable when the population is limited. The households were classified into four groups according to their average yearly incomes. Independent‐samples t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, χ2 and linear regression statistical tests were applied. The questionnaires were filled in between 15 November 2004 and 5 March 2005.

Findings

The average yearly fresh red meat consumption quantity per head of rural households (8.69 kg) was considerably lower than that of urban households (13.19 kg). The regression test showed that $1,000 increase in income would result in 4.38 and 8.24 kg increase in yearly red meat consumption quantity per households in urban and rural areas, respectively.

Originality/value

The paper compares the differences between the urban and rural areas in terms of consumers' behaviours towards fresh red meat consumption structure, which is original research subject for the region.
Nutrient composition of foods provided by school canteens in Bahrain
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O. , Al‐Jedah Jassim H. , D'Souza Reshma
Published: August 2007

Purpose

The aim of this study is to determine the nutritional profile of foods provided by the governmental school canteens in Bahrain.

Design/methodology/approach

Nine types of foods commonly provided in 45 schools in Bahrain were analyzed for their proximate, mineral and heavy metal composition. Proximate composition was determined by measuring the moisture, ash, fat, protein (N × 6.25), crude fiber and carbohydrate content. Minerals and heavy metals were measured using flame or atomic absorption spectroscopy. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC), as their methyl esters and sterols in the extracted fat were determined quantitatively by GLC.

Findings

Proximate analysis indicated protein content in the range of 8.14‐12.52 g/100 g, while fat content was below 10 g/100 g in all the foods, except thymes bakery (16.87 g/100 g). Consequently, thymes bakery also had higher energy values (376.15 kcal/100 g). Carbohydrates ranged between 33.86 and 47.29 g/100 g and fiber was high in the broad beans sandwich (1.16 g/100 g). Liver sandwich had considerable amount of iron (43.8 ppm), zinc (23.8 ppm) and potassium (3,360 ppm), while pizza was a good source of calcium (2,190 ppm). Lead was detected in 89 per cent of the foods, the highest being in pizza (0.234 ppm), being but contamination was well within the permitted limit. Aluminum was detected in 78 per cent of the foods, the highest level being observed in the chicken sandwich (10.8 ppm).

Originality/value

The results of this study can be utilized to improve the nutritive value of foods provided in the school feeding programme in the country.
Experimental investigation on system performance using palm oil as hydraulic fluid
Authors: Wan Nik W.B. , Maleque M.A. , Ani F.N. , Masjuki H.H.
Published: August 2007

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to investigate hydraulic system performance using vegetable‐based palm oil as hydraulic fluid.

Design/methodology/approach

The hydraulic system performance test at different operating conditions, such as pressure, speed and oil ageing, was performed using a Yuken vane pump test rig. The endurance system performance test was also conducted for 200 and 400 h. The effect of speed on flow slip coefficient in discrete and continuous tests was studied. In discrete testing, pressure of 35 and 200 bar and speed of 750 and 1,439 rpm were used in determining flow slip coefficient. The instantaneous data were recorded in a computer using an analog‐to‐digital data acquisition system with respect to time and the parameters stored were reservoir temperature, return line temperature, suction and delivery pressures, instantaneous flow rate, total flow, total running time and torque. The obtained results were interpolated for future prediction of the system performance.

Findings

The experimental and interpolated results showed that slip coefficient decreases with increasing pump speed. The effect of aging condition on volumetric efficiency showed that the efficiency increases with aging period due to increase in oil viscosity.

Practical implications

This vegetable‐based palm oil could be a potentially useful substitute for mineral‐based energy transport media such as hydraulic fluid.

Originality/value

The investigation of hydraulic system performance using palm oil as hydraulic fluid is scarce in the literature. Therefore, the current study is quite new for the hydraulic system performance and it is hoped that it will provide a high value to researchers for further research before it can be used as hydraulic fluid.
Vibration and wear particles analysis in a test stand
Authors: Carlos Gonçalves Aparecido , Carvalho Cunha Rodrigo , Fabiano Lago Daniel
Published: August 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to provide information on wear debris on oil and vibration analysis as predictive maintenance techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

The estate of a reducer is verified by analyzing the vibration and oil conditions of a test rig under some variables.

Findings

According to the vibration and oil analysis it was found what was happening in the reducer without disassembling it.

Originality/value

This paper gives information about two predictive maintenance techniques with a test rig.
Evaluating organisation core competences and associated personal competencies using analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Hafeez Khalid , Essmail Essmail Ali
Published: August 2007

Purpose

This paper seeks to introduce an integrated framework to determine the relationships between organisation core competences and associated personal competencies.

Design/methodology/approach

At first organisation core competences are determined by conducting internal and external benchmarking exercises, respectively, employing the “collectiveness” and “uniqueness” measures using key capabilities as a basis. Subsequently a pair‐wise comparison using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is conducted to assess related personal competencies using the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development list of competencies. The paper shows how these individual competencies are crucial to the overall organisational core competences. The framework is tested for a construction company, where five management directors are interviewed to develop an overall picture regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the company's key capabilities.

Findings

Overall the results show that, despite being a construction company, the composition of its organisational capabilities is dominantly governed by intangible assets’ contributions. The AHP prioritisation analysis confirmed that with regard to Innovative solutions, organisational core competence, Customer focus, and Team orientation are the most related personal competencies.

Originality/value

This paper makes an original contribution in the core competence literature by showing how to evaluate individual competencies that are essential to the construction of the organisational core competence. The use of AHP facilitates consistent data by screening out any subjective anomalies. The outcome of this exercise can help management prioritise the most related personal competencies needed for developing its organisational core competences and to undertake crucial business functions.
A multidimensional measure of employees’ intangibles
Authors: Longo Mariolina , Mura Matteo
Published: August 2007

Purpose

The aims of this research are: to develop and test an evaluation model of the intangible resources related to the employees; to value the impact that these intangible resources have on individual work attitudes such as job satisfaction and turnover propensity.

Design/methodology/approach

Two surveys were conducted in 2005 and 2006 for employees of a leading Italian company in the agricultural food sector. A structural equation modelling methodology was used to define the quantitative measures of the system of resources and to determine the relations among the different constructs.

Findings

It was found that the items adopted in the study capture the constructs of human capital and structural capital and, moreover, these two dimensions positively affect individual work attitudes such as job satisfaction and turnover.

Originality/value

The measurement system developed in this research can be used in any firm that seeks to measure the intangible resources related to employees. The system represents a tool that may support managers in planning and control of human resource investments of the firm. One of the main limitations is that the study is based on surveys of employees, so it only enables comparison among different departments, production plants, professional category or seniority within the company. Moreover, the indicators used are not measured objectively, making it difficult for any inter‐company comparison.
Examining cumulative capabilities in a developing economy
Authors: Amoako‐Gyampah Kwasi , Meredith Jack R.
Published: August 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to test the cumulative capabilities theory of manufacturing strategy against the capabilities tradeoffs theory in a less‐developed economy. It also aims to test whether the sequential development of capabilities follows the same order prescribed in the sand cone model.

Design/methodology/approach

Specific hypotheses on the relationships among the four manufacturing strategy components of cost, delivery, flexibility, and quality were stated. Data were collected from 126 manufacturing firms in Ghana. Statistical analyses included correlation, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis.

Findings

As with previous studies, the evidence here supports the cumulative capabilities theory. However, tradeoffs between the capabilities of quality, cost, delivery, and flexibility were not found. In addition, the sequence of capability development was found to be different from that in developed economies, with cost being second in importance after quality. This is postulated to be due to the substantially different economic conditions in Ghana.

Practical implications

The findings of this research provide guidelines to managers, particularly in developing economies, on the sequence of manufacturing capability development that is most likely to occur as they seek lasting improvements in manufacturing performance.

Originality/value

This paper provides findings from a less‐developed economic environment that is typically not included in manufacturing strategy research – Ghana. The consistency of the results with those obtained in more advanced economies provides additional evidence for the cumulative capability model.
Value of the consumer bundle: a data‐series set
Authors: Officer Lawrence H.
Published: August 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide long‐run annual series of the value of the consumer bundle and related variables.

Design/methodology/approach

Benchmark data are assembled for each of the variables. Interpolative techniques are used to obtain values for missing years.

Findings

Continuous annual series for 1900‐2004 are developed for value of the consumer bundle, number of consumer units, and average size of the consumer unit. Behavior of the series over time is consistent with what economic and demographic experience would suggest.

Originality/value

Generation of long‐run series as extensions of aggregate‐type data in the Consumer Expenditure Survey of the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The Feldstein‐Horioka puzzle in an ARIMA framework
Authors: Serletis Apostolos , Gogas Periklis
Published: August 2007

Purpose

To test the Feldstein‐Horioka hypothesis that the investment‐to‐output ratio moves one‐for‐one with the saving‐to‐output ratio, suggesting international capital mobility.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses the econometric framework developed by Fisher and Seater, interpreting the Feldstein‐Horioka hypothesis as a long‐run phenomenon, and paying particular attention to the integration properties of the data, since meaningful tests critically depend on these properties. The paper also investigates the power of the long‐horizon regression tests, using the inverse power function of Andrews.

Findings

The paper tests the Feldstein‐Horioka hypothesis for 15 European countries, as well as for the USA and Japan, using annual data for the period from 1960 to 2002. Evidence is found against the Feldstein and Horioka hypothesis of low international capital mobility.

Originality/value

Although the findings are in contrast to those of Feldstein and Horioka, they are consistent with neoclassical growth theory according to which there is no reason to expect a relation between saving and investment if there are no barriers to capital movements.
Unreal exchange rates: a simulation‐based approach to adjust misleading PPP estimates
Authors: Sjölander Pär
Published: August 2007

Purpose

In what seems as an infinitely ongoing debate regarding the purchasing power parity (PPP) theory, this paper seeks to question the strength of the scientific “evidence” put forward by the PPP revisionists

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the validity of the PPP revisionists' scientific evidence supporting long‐run PPP is questioned based on the replication of an influential review study that is considered by PPP revisionists to exhibit “some of the strongest evidence” in favour of the PPP theory.

Findings

By simulation experiments it is demonstrated that the traditional PPP unit root tests are non‐robust to the empirically identified (G)ARCH distortions. Due to (G)ARCH distortions, over‐rejections for the traditional unit root tests are shown to be a problem that potentially misleads researchers to believe that long‐run PPP holds under circumstances when it is in fact not valid. As a potential remedy to this problem, a new unit root test is introduced which is robust to conditional heteroscedasticity disturbances, and in contrast to traditional unit root tests, it exhibits no significant empirical support for the PPP theory.

Originality/value

The study illustrates that the PPP revisionists' unit root tests cannot reliably test the PPP hypothesis in the presence of (G)ARCH distortions, due to bad power and size properties. Perhaps it is time to conclude that, based on the currently existing research, it is virtually impossible to empirically come to a credible conclusion regarding whether long‐run PPP holds or not.
Fiscal decentralization in the Republic of Slovenia: an opportunity for the property tax
Authors: McCluskey William J. , Bevc Igor
Published: August 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to show how the Slovenian government has recognised the need for local government fiscal autonomy and to enhance this has instigated the introduction of an ad valorem property tax. Since independence in 1991 Slovenia has embarked on a path of administrative and fiscal decentralization. Local government has been subject to significant reform in terms of the creation of additional municipalities and the allocation of devolved expenditure responsibilities.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides an in‐depth analysis of central and local government statistics to demonstrate the potential role of the property tax in any future decentralisation of responsibilities and funding to the local level.

Findings

This study finds that in terms of both municipal revenue and expenditure there remains a high degree of centralised control by the state. On the positive side with the introduction of the new property tax there is an expectation for greater local fiscal autonomy, however, on the negative side progess towards the introduction of the new tax has been extremely slow. The study concludes that while the proposals are likely to provide for a more stable and uniform local tax, there appears to be lethargy in implementing the property tax.

Originality/value

It is argued in this paper that accession to the EU has created pressures for Slovenia to adopt a financing model which gives greater fiscal autonomy to local government. Currently, the high level of centralization is seen as a barrier to greater devolution of powers which in turn has a negative effect on the introduction of the new property tax.
The blog as a high‐impact institutional communication tool
Authors: Goodfellow Tom , Graham Sarah
Published: August 2007

Purpose

The considerable cost of sending staff to a conference is often not matched by the benefits that the library then gains. The aim of this paper was to maximise the institutional impact of the authors' attendance at the ALIA Click06 conference in Perth, Western Australia by providing a blog of the event and encouraging interaction with colleagues during the conference itself.

Design/methodology/approach

The University of Sydney's “Blogs dot Usyd” service provided the platform for the blog, using WordPress software and holding the blog within the usyd.edu.au domain. Prior to the conference postings were done occasionally in order to build up interest in the blog. During the conference, postings were done several times each day using conference or hotel wifi facilities and internet cafes. Pictures were also posted to Flickr. Posts were a mix of informal/contextual and formal/informational.

Findings

The response from colleagues was very positive. Usage statistics show that a high proportion of the target audience read the blog with many of them using RSS. Some posts also attracted a number of comments, which often produced results that added value to our original posts. The authors were also surprised to find a high level of interest from the wider library community. In particular, Australian bloggers seem to be forming a strong community bond based around the librariesinteract.info communal blog. Producing the blog enabled the authors to meet with a number of peers, thereby increasing the benefits from the conference activity.

Practical implications

The further use of blogs as staff communication tools during conferences and similar events should be encouraged. This could be linked with staff development activities such as training in blogging and RSS.

Originality/value

The blog differed from most institutional blogs in that it had a tightly defined target audience, a predetermined period of existence and a very tight focus on a single event.
Innovation in a podshell: bringing information literacy into the world of podcasting
Authors: Berk Jaya , Olsen Sonja , Atkinson Jody , Comerford Joanne
Published: August 2007

Purpose

This paper seeks to examine the development of a pilot program for using podcasting as a tool in the provision of information literacy in an academic library. It aims to discuss the implementation process and the issues encountered in developing a podcasting series at the Curtin University Library.

Design/methodology/approach

The possibilities for using podcasts to deliver library information literacy in an academic library are discussed in reference to current literature and trends. The method for creating a podcasting series, including the equipment, software, RSS feed, legal issues and cost and staffing implications, is outlined along with the parameters used by the Curtin University Library in the development of a pilot series.

Findings

The paper finds that podcasts offer libraries a new method of delivering information literacy to their clients. It is possible to create a podcasting series with minimal expense and the simple production method enables many libraries to take advantage of this new technology. The podcasting series at Curtin has proven to be popular with downloads increasing steadily over the course of the semester. There have been over 9,000 downloads of the audio files to the end of November 2006. By taking advantage of this ubiquitous technology libraries can communicate with their clientele in a new and exciting way.

Originality/value

The paper outlines how to create a podcasting series for information literacy in an academic library environment, and provides recommendations for other libraries wishing to create their own podcasting series.
Emerging technologies changing our service delivery models
Authors: Kajewski MaryAnn
Published: August 2007

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the range of free and inexpensive technologies that are available and have been simply implemented with practical and immediate benefits both for library staff and clients.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper demonstrates positive examples of integrating technologies such as blogs, wikis, RSS aggregators, podcasts, vodcasts, web conferencing, and instant messaging into library services and programs. The paper reports the take up of these technologies by public libraries nationally and internationally and examines Australian public library use and promotion of these services to their clients. Questions around the level of use or non‐use by public libraries are also explored.

Findings

The paper finds that these technologies have increased clients' interaction with and access to library services and collections. By providing information in various formats these technologies are meeting client's various and individual requirements, and reflect the increasing demand of services in virtual environments. A case study around the OPAL Training Project Emerging Technology course will examine library staff buy‐in and involvement in the development of new services and explore the difference these emerging technologies can make to our clients.

Originality/value

Emerging technologies provide librarians with a unique opportunity to substantially enhance user‐centred services and to facilitate and promote collaboration between libraries and their clients.
Print v. electronic reference sources: implications of an Australian study
Authors: Ritchie Ann , Genoni Paul
Published: August 2007

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the evolving balance between the use of print and electronic sources for answering reference questions.

Design/methodology/approach

A review of the international literature from the mid‐1990s is conducted. A case study of reference questions received at the Northern Territory Library is undertaken, by auditing data held in the online reference information management system, RefTracker. Over 620 questions are categorised according to the sources used in responding to those questions.

Findings

Results indicate that print and electronic sources are both important to the reference service at the Northern Territory Library.

Research limitations/implications

There is great difficulty in assessing what constitutes a “correct” balance between print and electronic sources for responding to reference questions, and the current practice is likely to differ significantly between libraries. The results of the study are discussed in terms of their implications for the future of reference services and the education and training needs of reference librarians.

Originality/value

From the results of this study, coupled with data gathered from the review of international literature, it is possible to identify trends and issues influencing reference services and collections.