bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Marco normativo de los apartamentos y viviendas de uso turistico en España
Authors: del Busto Eugenio , Ceballos Martín María Matilde , Pérez Guerra Raúl
Published: February 2019

Propósito

El presente trabajo indaga acerca del estado actual de la legislación de alojamiento turístico bajo la modalidad de apartamentos turísticos y viviendas de uso turístico en España.

Diseño/metodología/enfoque

Se trata de una investigación exploratoria centrada en el análisis de una tipología específica dentro del subsector hospedaje. Se basa en un trabajo de gabinete (recopilación bibliográfica y normativa).

Recomendaciones

Como resultado, se advierte que la legislación de alojamiento turístico bajo la modalidad de apartamentos y viviendas de uso turístico en España ha experimentado un creciente desarrollo en la última década y presenta un importante nivel de dispersión, un alto grado de heterogeneidad en los criterios de categorización, y en algunos casos falta de incorporación de aspectos claves como la accesibilidad, la calidad y la sostenibilidad.

Originalidad/valor

La originalidad del estudio se fundamenta en el análisis comparativo de la regulación que las Comunidades Autónomas realizan de esta modalidad de alojamiento turístico denominada en la mayoría de las normativas analizadas de apartamentos turísticos y viviendas de uso turístico. El trabajo comprende un estudio actualizado de la legislación autonómica en la materia.
Noise transformation
Authors: Lacey Jordan , Pink Sarah , Harvey Lawrence , Moore Stephan
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report the results of an industry-funded qualitative interdisciplinary research project that has produced a new approach to motorway noise management called “noise transformation”.

Design/methodology/approach

Four iterative design tests guided by listening as methodology. These included field recordings, laboratory tests and two field tests. Field tests were conducted in combination with ethnographers, who verified community responses to field-based transformations.

Findings

Transformation requires an audible perception of both background and introduced sounds in all instances. Transformation creates a 1–2 dB increase in background sound levels, making it counterintuitive to traditional noise attenuation approaches. Noise transformation is an electroacoustic soundscape design method that treats noise as a “design material”. When listening to motorway noise transformations, participants were actually experiencing another rendering of a sound that they had already acquired a degree of attunement to. Thus, they experienced transformations as somehow familiar or normal and easy to feel comfortable with.

Originality/value

Noise transformation is a new approach to noise management. Typically, noise management focusses on reduction in dB levels. Noise transformation focusses on changing the perceptual impact of noise to make it less annoying. It brings together urban design, composition and ethnography as a means to think about the future design of outdoor environments affected by motorway traffic noise, and should be of interests to planners, designers and artists. The authors have structured the paper around listening as methodology, through which both design and ethnography outcomes were achieved.
Purchase decision and purchase delay of hedonic and utilitarian products in the face of time pressure and multiplicity of options
Authors: Basso Kenny , Duschitz Caroline da Costa , Giacomazzi Cassandra Marcon , Sonego Monique , Rossi Carlos Alberto Vargas , Reck Danúbia
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Time pressure may change how people behave. The multiplicity of options and the nature of the products, hedonic or utilitarian, might increase the complexity of the choice and alter the effects of time pressure. Combining both factors, the purpose of this paper is to verify the moderating role played by the nature of the products observing the relationship between interaction (time pressure × multiplicity of options) and choice delay.

Design/methodology/approach

A two-level factorial experimental design was applied (time pressure: with; without) × 2 (number of alternatives: two; six) × 2 (type of purchase: hedonic; utilitarian), with mixed design, considering the purchase delay a dependent variable.

Findings

The results signal that the nature of the products moderates the effects of the interaction between time pressure and choice overload in purchase delay. Utilitarian purchases are more susceptible to the effects of time pressure and options overload than hedonic purchases.

Originality/value

The interaction between time pressure and choice overload, researched in previous works, influences in different ways the purchase of utilitarian or hedonic products. This differentiation, taking into consideration the type of product, brings new perspectives on the purchase decision process and provides theoretical and practical information on the effects of information overload and time pressure over the consumer decision-making process.
Summer performance, comfort, and heat stress in structural timber buildings under moderate weather conditions
Authors: Adekunle Timothy Oluseun
Published: February 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Summer performance, comfort, and heat stress in structural timber buildings. The research utilises building simulation as a tool to investigate the performance of the case study buildings under non-extreme weather conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research explores three UK sites using the test reference year (TRY) weather files for the current and future weather conditions. The study focuses on the Summer performance and heat stress in non-extreme weather conditions; therefore, the Design Summer Year (DSY) weather files are not used for the simulations. The simulation data are calibrated and validated using the measured data from the field study.

Findings

The results revealed the mean predicted temperatures varied from 20.2–20.8°C for the 2000s. The mean temperatures for the 2030s ranged from 23.1 to 24.2°C. Higher temperatures are predicted at the buildings in the Southeast site than the Midlands and the Northwest sites. The results revealed that there is no significant improvement in the thermal environment when the floor area and the floor-to-ceiling height are increased. However, the study showed that the integration of different design interventions can improve the future performance and resilience of the buildings in various weather conditions.

Research limitations/implications

By applying the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and the Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI) mathematical models to calculate the heat stress at the buildings, the study proposes the WBGT of 20.0°C and the UTCI of 24.1°C as possible heat stress indicators for occupants of the buildings in the 2030s.

Practical implications

On the one hand, the results revealed the maximum temperatures in some of the case study buildings exceed the comfort threshold (28°C). On the other hand, the study showed that occupants of the buildings are not prone to extreme Summertime overheating and heat stress under moderate weather conditions. However, different outcomes may be predicted if DSY weather files for the selected sites are considered.

Originality/value

This study is the first reported work to explore building simulation and mathematical equations to investigate Summer performance, comfort and heat stress indexes in timber buildings under moderate weather conditions in different regional sites in the UK.
Knowledge sharing
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad Ashraf , Nya-Ling Christine Tan , Thursamy Ramayah , Ojo Adedapo Oluwaseyi
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Academics research productivity is the pinnacle issue of higher learning institution (HLI) quest for providing the best service for the community and a country’s as a whole. Being productive in their area of expertise will determine how far HLI can challenge for the best education in the world. In lieu of this, knowledge sharing (KS) behavior determinants are assessed to determine what factors that can contribute to academic’s research productivity.

Design/methodology/approach

A quota sampling method was applied in selecting academics from public and private universities in Malaysia. A partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used for analysis.

Findings

The results show that academics productivity explained variance is 22.6 per cent. This suggests that academics KS behavior has substantial impact on research productivity. As for determinants of academic’s attitude, academics commitment, trust and social network constituted an explained variance of 36.4 per cent. Management support has an explained variance of 38.7 per cent towards subjective norm, while facilitating condition and social media has an explained variance of 26.5 per cent towards perceived behavioral control (PBC). Academics KS intention and KS behavior explained variance were 62.1 and 47.1 per cent, respectively.

Research limitations/implications

All the hypotheses result in significant relationship except for H1, commitment toward attitude. The impact of this study will be discussed in term of its theoretical and managerial perspectives.

Originality/value

The KS behavior in a multiracial and multinational country in Malaysia can be a benchmark for Asian countries in general.
Ustekinumab for skin reactions associated with anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α agents in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Ezzedine Khaled , Visseaux Laetitia , Cadiot Guillaume , Brixi Hedia , Bernard Philippe , Reguiai Ziad
Published: February 2019

Anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α agents may induce skin reactions, in particular in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of ustekinumab in these patients. IBD patients facing therapeutic issues because of cutaneous reactions or tolerance issues, consequently treated with ustekinumab in our department, were included. Retrospective review of case records and clinical photographs was carried out. Twenty‐six patients were included. Twenty‐three patients were treated for Crohn's disease and three for ulcerative colitis. Fourteen patients presented psoriasiform lesions, nine eczematiform lesions, four anaphylactoid reactions, two alopecia areata‐like lesions, one injection‐site reaction, one cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa and five other skin reactions. Most of them resolved under ustekinumab. In detail, eczematiform lesions completely resolved in all cases, psoriasiform lesions completely resolved in 12 cases (85.7%) and had partial response in two cases (14.3%). Two cases of alopecia areata showed complete response (complete hair regrowth). Fourteen patients showed complete digestive response, 10 patients partial digestive response (seven of which needed IBD treatment optimization) and only two failure. In conclusion, ustekinumab is a drug of choice in patients with IBD who cannot tolerate TNF blockers.
Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, plasma protein binding, and metabolism study of mefunidone, a novel pirfenidone derivative
Authors: Han Xuhua , Li Fang , Wen Zhou , Ma Yuehui , Wang Lei , Cheng Zeneng
Published: February 2019

Mefunidone (MFD), a novel derivation of pirfenidone (PFD), exhibits promising anti‐renal fibrosis activity. To avoid early development failures and attrition in clinical phase 1, an evaluation of the preclinical pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of MFD was conducted in this study. The absolute bioavailability was evaluated in Sprague Dawley rats and cynomolgus monkeys, who received an intragastric or intravenous administration at the dose of 31.25 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Tissue distribution and plasma protein binding studies were performed to evaluate the distribution characteristics of MFD. The enzymes involved in the metabolism of MFD were assayed by calculating the inhibition rate using the in vitro incubation system of human liver microsomes. The metabolic pathway of MFD was also examined in the in vitro incubation system as well as in rats in vivo. The results revealed satisfactory absorption of MFD in vivo, with an absolute bioavailability of MFD in rats and monkeys of approximately 77.2% and 70.0%, respectively. MFD was rapidly distributed to all tissues and was highly concentrated in the kidney, which was the target organ of MFD. The plasma protein binding rates in rat, monkey, and human plasma were 36.40%–41.68%, 30.88%–63.92%, and 37.75%–57.77%, respectively. MFD was primarily metabolized by the enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8. The metabolic pathway of MFD is nitrogen demethylation of the pyridine ring of the MFD nucleus, hydroxylation of the aromatic ring, and demethylation of the piperazine ring. In conclusion, MFD exhibited good PK properties in the initial preclinical PK study. The results strongly support further research to investigate the potential of MFD as a clinical anti‐renal fibrosis drug.
In situ plankton community respiration measurements show low respiratory quotients in a eutrophic lake
Authors: Münzner Karla , Berggren Martin
Published: February 2019

Planktonic community respiration is an important carbon cycling process, typically quantified by converting measured values of dissolved O2 consumption rates into CO2 production rates assuming a respiratory quotient of 1 (RQ = CO2 per O2 by moles). However, the true variability in planktonic RQs between different aquatic ecosystems is poorly understood. We conducted in situ RQ measurements in a eutrophic lake dominated by algal‐derived substances and found that RQs were significantly below 1. In fact, many RQ values were extremely low (0.2–0.6), below theoretical RQs for oxidation of algal organic matter substrates (0.7–0.8), suggesting that other factors than substrate control need to be considered to understand the RQ. This view was further supported by lack of correlations between RQ and microbial variables known to be strongly substrate dependent, including bacterial growth efficiency and the functional capacity of the bacterioplankton community to degrade different compounds. Based on the measured dynamics in methane and nutrient pools, we discuss that methane oxidation and nitrification likely occurred in the lake, contributing to the unusually low RQs. Our findings demonstrate that planktonic RQs in productive lakes can systematically be below 1, suggesting that CO2 emissions from these lakes may currently be overestimated.
Transcriptomics analysis defines global cellular response ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens5A to arsenite exposure regulated through the histidine kinases PhoR and AioS
Authors: Rawle Rachel A. , Kang Yoon‐Suk , Bothner Brian , Wang Gejiao , McDermott Timothy R.
Published: February 2019

In environments where arsenic and microbes coexist, microbes are the principal drivers of arsenic speciation, which directly affects bioavailability, toxicity and bioaccumulation. Speciation reactions influence arsenic behaviour in environmental systems, directly affecting human and agricultural exposures. Arsenite oxidation decreases arsenic toxicity and mobility in the environment, and therefore understanding its regulation and overall influence on cellular metabolism is of significant interest. The arsenite oxidase (AioBA) is regulated by a three‐component signal transduction system AioXSR, which is in turn regulated by the phosphate stress response, with PhoR acting as the master regulator. Using RNA‐sequencing, we characterized the global effects of arsenite on gene expression inAgrobacterium tumefaciens5A. To further elucidate regulatory controls, mutant strains for histidine kinases PhoR and AioS were employed, and illustrate that in addition to arsenic metabolism, a host of other functional responses are regulated in parallel. Impacted functions include arsenic and phosphate metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, solute transport systems and iron metabolism, in addition to others. These findings contribute significantly to the current understanding of the metabolic impact and genetic circuitry involved during arsenite exposure in bacteria. This informs how arsenic contamination will impact microbial activities involving several biogeochemical cycles in nature.
The Australian Economy in 2018–2019: Convergence in Economic Activity across Australia
Authors: Nguyen Viet H. , Wang Jiao
Published: February 2019

Economic activity in Australia continued to improve in 2017–2018 with growth spreading across the mainland state economies. Labour market conditions in Australia improved markedly in 2017–2018 while the inflation rate was steady around the lower end of the Reserve Bank of Australia's 2–3 per cent target band. Real wage growth was weak and is likely to remain weak in 2018–2019, putting downward pressure on household consumption. Output growth in 2018–2019 is likely to be solid with prospects of the Chinese economy and trade tensions between China and the United States posing the greatest downside risk to the Australian economy.
Representing the compromise: How institutions serve government support coalitions in European Union policy making
Authors: FRANCHINO FABIO , WRATIL CHRISTOPHER
Published: February 2019

This article presents an original model of policy making by multiparty coalitions at the international level. Specifically, it analyses how domestic institutions serve parties in enforcing policy compromises onto national ministers negotiating legislation in the European Union (EU). In contrast to existing research on coalition politics, the model accounts for the benefits of not only legislative but also executive institutions and incorporates opposition parties as pivotal actors under minority governments. Ministers propose policy positions at the EU level that represent domestic coalition compromises when cabinet participation, executive coordination and parliamentary oversight of EU affairs make it cheap for coalition partners to challenge the minister's position and when ideological divisiveness increases the incentive to do so. Statistical analyses of 1,694 policy positions taken by ministers from 22 member states in the Council of the EU provide strong empirical evidence for the model. The results support the claim of executive dominance in EU policy making but also highlight that, where institutions are strong, ministers represent domestic coalition compromises rather than their own positions.
Evaluating diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging for target volume delineation in head and neck radiotherapy
Authors: Cardoso Michael , Min Myo , Jameson Michael , Tang Simon , Rumley Christopher , Fowler Allan , Estall Vanessa , Pogson Elise , Holloway Lois , Forstner Dion
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Inter‐observer variability (IOV) in target volume delineation is a source of error in head and neck radiotherapy. Diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) has been shown to be useful in detecting recurrent head and neck cancer. This study aims to determine whether DWI improves target volume delineation and IOV.

Methods

Four radiation oncologists delineated the gross tumour volume (GTV) for ten head and neck cancer patients. Delineation was performed on CT alone as well as fused image sets which incorporated fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the form of CT/PET, CT/PET/T2W and CT/PET/T2W/DWI image sets. Analysis of the variability of contour volumes was completed by comparison to the simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) volumes. The DICE Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and other IOV metrics for each observer's contour were compared to the STAPLE for each patient and image dataset. A DWI usability scoresheet for delineation was completed.

Results

The CT/PET/T2W/DWI mean GTV volume of 13.37 (10.35–16.39)cm3 was shown to be different to the mean GTV of 10.92 (8.32–13.51)cm3 when using CT alone (P < 0.001). The GTV DSC amongst observers for CT alone was 0.72 (0.65–0.79), CT/PET was 0.73 (0.67–0.80), CT/PET/T2W was 0.71 (0.64–0.77) and CT/PET/T2W/DWI was 0.69 (0.61–0.75).

Conclusion

Mean GTVs with the addition of DWI had slightly larger volumes compared to standard CT and CT/PET volumes. DWI may add supplemental visual information for GTV delineation while having a small impact on IOV, therefore potentially improving target volume delineation.
A New Hiatus within the Lutetian of the El Basatin Section, Gebel Mokattam, Egypt: Field and Sedimentological Observations, with Special Emphasis onNummulites
Authors: SAFIA Menoufy Al , RADWAN Abul‐Nasr , MARWA Askar
Published: February 2019

The Eocene succession of the El Basatin Section in Gebel Mokattam, east of Cairo, consists, from base to top, of two main units; the Mokattam and Maadi Formations. The Mokattam Formation consists of two Members, the Building Stone Member and the Giushi Member. The Upper Building Stone Member yielded six species ofNummulitesbelonging to the Upper Lutetian. These species are:Nummulites farisiHussein et al., 2004;Nummulites cf.praegizehensisBoukhary and Hussein‐Kamel, 1993;Nummulitescf.gizehensis(Forskål, 1775);Nummulites discorbinus(Schlotheim 1820) andArxina schwageri(Silvestri, 1928) emended by Boukhary et al. 2012 andNummulites crassichordatusBoukhary et al., 2010. The Giushi Member yielded three species that indicate a Bartonian age. These species, which continued from their first appearance in the Upper Building Stone Members, areN. discorbinus,A. schwageriandN. crassichordatus. The Maadi Formation, which has been previously considered to be of Bartonian–Priabonian age, is devoid of fossils in the study section. The two members of the Mokattam Formation represent a carbonate platform facies. The deposition of the Upper Building Stone Member was disturbed during the Lutetian by slumping and a convolute‐bedding interval, indicating a short hiatus. The subsequent regression resulted in a very shallow marine to near‐shore facies in the above Maadi Formation.
On Democratic Reason
Authors: Katznelson Ira
Published: February 2019

Our responsibilities for democracy are sharper, more demanding than at any time since my childhood. If we are to renew democracy and secure knowledge, policy schools, as Helmut Anheier insists, must advance democratic policy reason with clarity, dedication, and purpose.
A Response from Beyond the Public Policy School
Authors: Techera Erika J.
Published: February 2019

In this respect the virtual public policy institute may be able to achieve precisely what Professor Anheier recommends ‐ become a home for ‘questioning intellectuals’ who work with others to address broad concerns for the ‘common good’
Towards the New Laswell School of Public Policy
Authors: Anheier Helmut K.
Published: February 2019

What model is best to drive societies forward, and with Ira Katznelson we ask: what are the best conditions for affecting the sustained contributions of schools of public policy to problem‐solving?
A detailed description of morphological and anatomical characters of olive (Olea europaea) fruits in relation to phenological growth stages
Authors: Rosetti María V. , Flemmer Andrea C. , Hernández Luis F.
Published: February 2019

This paper describes both morphological and anatomical changes of olive (Olea europaea) fruits of “Nevadillo” variety, growing under rainfed conditions, in relation to the phenological stages of fruit formation and development described by the Biologische, Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie (BBCH) scale. Mesocarp transverse area (TA
m), total number of cells and TA per cell were measured in mesocarp equatorial transverse sections of the fruits. Changes in cell dimensions and shape along the mesocarp radial longitudinal section and endocarp sclerification were also analysed. The pattern of fruit growth showed linear increases in TA
m, coupled with the whole fruit TA (TA
f) increases throughout its whole developmental period. This observation disagrees with the classical growth model which suggested that the growth of a drupe adjusts to a double sigmoid curve. A strong correlation between TA
m and TA
f and a weak correlation between endocarp TA and TA
f were observed. The tissue organisation in the cross‐sectional area of the fruit agrees with previous histological descriptions. Cell organisation in the longitudinal radial plane of the olive fruit was established for the first time: a single‐layered epidermis; a hypodermis: first four layers of subepidermal parenchyma cells; an outer mesocarp: from the layer 5 to layer 24 to 27 and an internal mesocarp: following layers of parenchyma cells up to the vascular bundles. Until now, comparative anatomical studies on olive fruit have been carried out only in the cross section, that is, in two dimensions. The anatomy of longitudinal section described here, together with the cell organisation in the transverse plane, will allow designing a tridimensional model of the fruit anatomy. This model will be useful to interpret the cell processes (division and expansion) involved in fruit growth, morphogenesis and oil storage, and to explore how climate and agricultural management practices could impact on olive fruit development on “Nevadillo” and other cultivars under different growing conditions (e.g., water status and temperature variations).
Immune checkpoint inhibitor use in antisynthetase syndrome
Authors: Mackintosh David , Islam Mohammed F. , Ng Jennifer , Basham Jane
Published: February 2019

We report on the unique case of a patient with antisynthetase syndrome and metastatic non–small cell lung cancer undergoing therapy with the PD‐1 checkpoint inhibitor, nivolumab. Despite adequate autoimmune disease control over a period of 12 months, the patient rapidly experienced a flare of interstitial lung disease following initial nivolumab administration, which ultimately proved fatal. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with autoimmune disease is becoming more commonplace, however this is the first reported case of the use of these agents in a patient with antisynthetase syndrome. Additionally, the patient's initial clinical presentation with antisynthetase syndrome and simultaneous primary lung cancer, a rare association of which there are few case reports, makes this case interesting and unusual.
Changes in microchip position after implantation of a subretinal vision prosthesis in humans
Authors: Kuehlewein Laura , Troelenberg Nicole , Stingl Krunoslav , Schleehauf Sebastian , Kusnyerik Akos , Jackson Timothy L. , MacLaren Robert E. , Chee Caroline , Roider Johann , Wilhelm Barbara , Gekeler Florian , Bartz‐Schmidt Karl Ulrich , Zrenner Eberhart , Stingl Katarina
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Retinal prosthetic devices have been developed to partially restore very low vision in legally blind patients with end‐stage hereditary retinal dystrophies. Subretinal implants, unlike epiretinal implants, are not fixated by a tack. The aim of this study was to assess and analyse possible changes over time in the subretinal position of the RETINA IMPLANT Alpha IMS and Alpha AMS (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01024803).

Methods

Imaging studies were performed on fundus photographs using GIMP (Version 2.8.14). Postoperative photographs of the implanted eye were scaled and aligned. Landmarks were chosen and distances between landmarks were measured to then calculate the displacement of the microchip using a transformation matrix for rotational and translational movements. Analyses were performed using MATLAB 8.6 (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA).

Results

Of the 27 datasets with the Alpha IMS device, 12 (44%) remained stable without displacement of the microchip relative to the optic disc and the major blood vessels, whereas in 15 (56%), displacement occurred. The mean ± SD displacement in those 15 eyes was 0.66 ± 0.35 mm (range, 0.24–1.67 mm). Of the eight datasets with the Alpha AMS device, 1 (13%) remained stable without displacement of the microchip relative to the optic disc and the major blood vessels, whereas in 7 (87%), displacement occurred. The mean ± SD displacement in those seven eyes was 0.66 ± 0.26 mm (range, 0.32–0.97 mm). Calculated from all eyes (including those in which no displacement occurred), the mean displacement was 0.36 mm in the IMS cohort, and 0.58 mm in the AMS cohort, however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.17).

Conclusions

We have shown that the position of the subretinal implant changes in the majority of the cases after implantation. While the overall mean displacement of the chip was not significantly different in either of the cohorts, the maximum displacement was smaller in the Alpha AMS cohort.
Role of HPV DNA, HPV mRNA and cytology in the follow‐up of women treated for cervical dysplasia
Authors: Tisi Giancarlo , Gargiulo Franco , Gozzini Elisa , Baronchelli Carla , Odicino Franco , Salinaro Federica , Sartori Enrico , Caruso Arnaldo , Facchetti Fabio , De Francesco Maria Antonia
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to assess the role of cytology, human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA and human papilloma virus messenger RNA (HPV mRNA) assays in detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CNi 2+) (recurrences/persistence) during the follow‐up of women after treatment of cervical intraepithelial lesion. This cross‐sectional study was performed among 43 women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) between January 2014 and January 2017 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Spedali Civili's Hospital, Brescia, Italy. Pap smear and cervical samples for HPV tests were collected during the follow‐up visit. Furthermore, colposcopy was always performed in order to find out the persistence/recurrence of the disease. A cervical biopsy was collected when necessary. Cervical samples obtained were tested for HPV DNA using the INNO‐LiPa HPV assay and for HPV mRNA using the APTIMA assay. The mean age of enrolled women was 42.5 years. Among the treated patients, more than 50% of women revealed the absence of high risk HPV DNA and HPV mRNA. We found the persistence of the disease cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (CIN 2) only in one woman. The sensitivity of cytology, HPV DNA and HPV mRNA in detecting disease was satisfactory (100%), while the specificity was quite different for the three tests: 64.2, 52.4 and 78.9%, respectively. The HPV mRNA test has higher specificity with respect to cytology and HPV DNA, avoiding the referral to unnecessary colposcopy with an improvement of costs/benefits for healthcare system. However, given the small size sample, this study should be considered as a pilot for future larger studies.
Editorial: ulcer‐related vs non‐ulcer‐nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding—which has worse outcomes?
Authors: Yuan Yuhong , Leontiadis Grigorios I.
Published: February 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Sey et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15092.
Editorial: is there a causal link between non‐selective beta blockers and portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis?
Authors: Marquez Vladimir , Abraldes Juan G.
Published: February 2019

Linked Content

This article is linked to Nery et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15137.
Jejunal intussusception at the jejunojejunostomy after laparoscopic total gastrectomy: A case report
Authors: Kushiya Hiroki , Ebihara Yuma , Nakanishi Yoshitsugu , Asano Toshimichi , Noji Takehiro , Kurashima Yo , Murakami Soichi , Nakamura Toru , Tsuchikawa Takahiro , Okamura Keisuke , Shichinohe Toshiaki , Hirano Satoshi
Published: February 2019

Jejunal intussusception at the jejunojeunostomy after total gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y (RY) reconstruction is rare. We describe a case of jejunal intussusception at the jejunojeunostomy that developed in a 60‐year‐old woman who had undergone laparoscopic total gastrectomy with RY reconstruction for gastric cancer 4 years ago. The main presenting complaint was recurrent epigastric pain. Abdominal computed tomography showed a typical target sign suspected of antegrade intussusception into a blind loop at the jejunojeunostomy. We performed a laparoscopic operation, which revealed no intussusception or adhesions. We noted that the blind loop of the bilio‐pancreatic limb was longer and expanded. We divided the blind loop at the distal side of the jejunojeunostomy and performed suture plication between the bilio‐pancreatic limb and alimentary limb. Therefore, the appropriate length of the blind loop and the size of the jejunojeunostomy site should be carefully determined during RY reconstruction.
Prevalence of low lean mass in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency with or without low‐dose growth hormone therapy
Authors: Zheng Xiaoya , Cheng Qingfeng , Long Jian , Wang Yunting , Gong Lilin , Wei Qiang , Luo Rong , Liao Kun , Ren Wei
Published: February 2019

Objective

The importance of muscle mass has been emphasized in various studies, and growth hormone (GH) deficiency is tightly associated with lean mass loss. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of low lean mass in patients with adult growth hormone deficiency (AGHD) who received or did not receive GH therapy.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we included patients diagnosed with AGHD by using the insulin tolerance test (ITT) in our hospital. Patients without completed follow‐up data were excluded, and data for 56 patients were analysed. Twenty‐six patients who had received GH therapy for more than 6 months, based on the medical record, were included in the GH group and received recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) at a dose of 0.5 IU/d. Thirty patients who had not previously received GH treatment were included in the non‐GH group. Many anthropometric and blood biochemical indicators were measured. Body composition was measured on a dual‐energy X‐ray‐absorptiometry (DXA) scanner. Low lean mass was defined as a skeletal muscle index (SMI) <7.0 kg/m2 in males or 5.7 kg/m2 in females. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 5.0.

Results

Compared to the non‐GH group, the patients who received GH therapy had significantly lower total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). The percentage of patients with low lean mass in GH and non‐GH groups was 30.77% and 60%, respectively. The percentage of total lean was lower in the GH group than in the non‐GH group, but the difference in total lean mass was not statistically significant. Conversely, patients with GH treatment had significantly lower fat mass and percentage than non–GH‐treated patients (P < 0.05). The GH group had significantly higher serum levels of both IGF‐1 and IGFBP3. Moreover, both IGF‐1 and IGFBP3 were significantly correlated with SMI (r2 = 0.275, P = 0.003, and r2 = 0.138, P = 0.005, respectively).

Conclusions

Our data showed that AGHD patients who received low‐dose GH treatment had a lower prevalence of low lean mass than those who did not receive GH treatment. Patients with GH treatment had significantly lower cardiovascular risk factors, especially the lipid profile.
Medical therapy in patients with endogenous hypoglycaemia: Is euglycaemia achievable?
Authors: Vezzosi Delphine , Guillaume Eric , Bennet Antoine , Mouly Céline , Hanaire Hélène , Caron Philippe
Published: February 2019

Context

While the only curative treatment for patients with endogenous hypoglycaemia related to inappropriate insulin or to insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2) secretion is surgery, medical treatment to normalize plasma glucose levels can be useful.

Objective

The aim of this prospective single centre study was to assess whether patients with endogenous hypoglycaemia, considered euglycaemic with medical treatments, experienced asymptomatic hypo‐ or hyperglycaemic excursions.

Patients and Methods

All patients with endogenous hypoglycaemia related to inappropriate insulin or to IGF2 secretion between 2012 and 2016 and considered normoglycaemic with medical treatment (absence of clinical hypoglycaemia and self‐monitoring blood glucose in the normal range) were enroled and underwent a six‐day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) recording.

Results

Twenty‐seven patients (inappropriate insulin secretion n = 25 and IGF2 secretion n = 2), treated with diazoxide (n = 16), somatostatin analogues (n = 7), glucocorticoids (n = 3) or a combination of these treatments (n = 1) were enroled. Twenty‐five CGMs were analysed. CGM confirmed normoglycaemia in 11/25 patients (44%). Hypoglycaemias below 0.60 g/L were present in seven patients (28%) and were associated with hyperglycaemic excursions above 1.40 g/L in five patients. Seven patients (28%) had only hyperglycaemic excursions. Based on these results, treatment was modified in 14 patients (56%).

Conclusion

Despite the disappearance of hypoglycaemia‐related clinical symptoms and normalization of blood glucose self‐monitoring data, 56% of the patients with endogenous hypoglycaemia treated with medical therapy experienced asymptomatic hypo‐ and/or hyperglycaemia. Continuous glucose monitoring could be a useful approach to reveal and prevent hypo‐ or hyperglycaemic excursions.
The Market Inscribed Landscape: An Institutional Logic of Food Deserts
Authors: Thibodeaux Jarrett
Published: February 2019

Focusing on the institutional logics of the grocery industry, this paper argues that the “neighborhood effects” of a lack of resources provided by organizations to economically disadvantaged areas are moderated by institutional logics. From the 1930s to early 1970s, the grocery industry had a logic of “economies of scale.” A new “mix–margin” logic developed after the mid–1970s: using low margins on high–demand items to gain foot traffic needed to sell high–margin items. Using company–specific store location data (from 1970 to 1983), this paper analyzes whether differences in company philosophy affect their presence in economically disadvantaged zip codes. Results show that supermarkets were less likely to locate in economically disadvantaged zip codes when operating under a mix–margin philosophy. These results indicate a shift to a “mix–margin” institutional logic corresponded with an exodus from economically disadvantaged areas by the grocery industry after the mid–1970s.
The impact of therapy on the risk of asthma in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Rayner Louise H. , Mcgovern Andrew , Sherlock Julian , Gatenby Piers , Correa Ana , Creagh‐Brown Ben , deLusignan Simon
Published: February 2019

Background and Objectives

There are limited data about the risk of asthma in people with diabetes. We examined the incidence of asthma in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) compared to controls, and the association with metformin, sulphonylureas and insulin therapy.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a representative UK primary care database (N = 894 646 adults). We used 1:1 propensity score matching (age, gender, socio‐economic deprivation, body mass index and smoking status) to match 29 217 pairs of T2DM cases and controls. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to compare the incidence of asthma in both groups over 8 years of follow‐up. In those with T2DM, we used Cox proportional hazard regression to assess for any impact of antidiabetic medications on asthma incidence.

Results

Individuals with T2DM were less likely to develop asthma than matched controls (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85, 95% CI 0.77‐0.93). Insulin increased the risk of incident asthma (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01‐1.56), whilst metformin and sulphonylureas were associated with reduced risk (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69‐0.93 and HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60‐0.97, respectively). There was no association with diabetes duration, complications or glycaemic control.

Conclusions

T2DM may have a protective effect against asthma development. Insulin use was associated with an increased risk of asthma, while metformin and sulphonylureas reduced the risk in those with T2DM.
Screening instrument to identify skin prick test‐negative patients with asthma and/or rhinitis
Authors: Celebioglu Ebru , Demir Ahmet Ugur , Karakaya Gul , Kalyoncu Ali Fuat
Published: February 2019

Introduction

To the best of our knowledge, there is no prediction tool for determining respiratory allergy in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis.

Objectives

As such, this study aimed to develop an instrument for identifying skin prick test (SPT)‐negative patients with asthma and/or rhinitis.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study screened 510 consecutive patients diagnosed with asthma and/or rhinitis between November 2009 and May 2011 in Ankara, Turkey. A structured questionnaire was the screening tool that was administered during the initial visit by the treating specialist and compared with a SPT result. All 15 variables were analysed using the logistic regression model to obtain β values (a score) for each variable. Each variable had a score, and scores were summed up to obtain final score for each patient.

Results

The study included 363 patients, of which 165 (45.5%) were SPT positive. The final model included 13 variables. The lowest and highest scores were −21 and 26. A total score of 5.5 had sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 80%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78. The histogram of the total scores for the study population was bimodal.

Conclusions

We designed a highly specific 13‐item instrument for identifying SPT‐negative patients. It may be used in middle income countries where allergy testing is expensive, not reimbursed or few allergy clinics are available. We think that our idea is interesting, that needs further research.
The geographical variation of network structure is scale dependent: understanding the biotic specialization of host–parasitoid networks
Authors: Galiana Núria , Hawkins Bradford A. , Montoya José M.
Published: February 2019

Research on the structure of ecological networks suggests that a number of universal patterns exist. Historically, biotic specialization has been thought to increase towards the Equator. Yet, recent studies have challenged this view showing non‐conclusive results. Most studies analysing the geographical variation in biotic specialization focus, however, only on the local scale. Little is known about how the geographical variation of network structure depends on the spatial scale of observation (i.e. from local to regional spatial scales). This should be remedied, as network structure changes as the spatial scale of observation changes, and the magnitude and shape of these changes can elucidate the mechanisms behind the geographical variation in biotic specialization. Here we analyse four facets of biotic specialization in host–parasitoid networks along gradients of climatic constancy, classifying the networks according to their spatial extension (local or regional). Namely, we analyse network connectance, consumer diet overlap, consumer diet breadth, and resource vulnerability at both local and regional scales along the gradients of both current climatic constancy and historical climatic change. While at the regional scale none of the climatic variables are associated to biotic specialization, at the local scale, network connectance, consumer diet overlap, and resource vulnerability decrease with current climatic constancy, whereas consumer generalism increases (i.e. broader diet breadths in tropical areas). Similar patterns are observed along the gradient of historical climatic change. We provide an explanation based on different beta‐diversity for consumers and resources across the geographical gradients. Our results show that the geographical gradient of biotic specialization is not universal. It depends on both the facet of biotic specialization and the spatial scale of observation.
Landscape features determine brown trout population structure and recruitment dynamics
Authors: Jones Douglas A. , Akbaripasand Abbas , Nakagawa Shinichi , Closs Gerard P.
Published: February 2019

Variation in brown trout (Salmo truttaL.) population recruitment and structure is related to migratory patterns, which should depend on ease of access to habitats providing increased opportunity for growth. We quantified the number of young of year (YOY) as a proportion of the total number of brown trout at 24 locations on 11 streams within the Taieri catchment, New Zealand, including back calculated growth rates and emergence dates from otoliths. Locations with high absolute and relative abundance of YOY fish were related to elevation and distance from the river mainstem (habitat used by migratory fish), fish density, and the interaction between invertebrate food biomass, distance and elevation. Hatch date and growth were not related to the proportion of YOY fish, though growth was negatively correlated to total fish density. We suggest landscape features play a large role in determining recruitment and population structure. Locations at lower elevations have a high YOY density, high competition and lower growth, likely prompting out‐migration. These conditions could be created by successful return migration and spawning of large fecund fish resulting in YOY densities exceeding the habitat carrying capacity. Environmental factors, such as food availability, also played a role in determining population structure. These results provide an example of how population structure and recruitment might be controlled by local conditions and access to high growth environments in wild populations of introduced brown trout across a catchment.
Effect of cyclic hardening on fatigue performance of slide burnished components made of low‐alloy medium carbon steel
Authors: Maximov J.T. , Duncheva G.V. , Anchev A.P. , Ganev N. , Dunchev V.P.
Published: February 2019

The slide burnishing process causes cyclic loading of the surface being treated, which provokes cyclic hardening. Using a forced‐controlled indentation test, the sixth “loading‐unloading” cycle was stabilised. The effect of the number of passes and the cyclic loading coefficient (CLC) on the fatigue performance of slide burnished specimens was investigated. Rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted using nine groups of hourglass shaped specimens, which were slide burnished through a different number of passes and CLC values. A stabilised cycle of the surface layer achieved with six passes, lead to largest fatigue limit, whereas the CLC exerted negligible influence on the fatigue performance. The observed phenomenon was explained through different residual stress relaxation rates, due to the rotating bending load, as well as with the obtained surface layer microstructure. The residual stress relaxation was investigated through rotating bending fatigue tests, using cylindrical fatigue specimens, followed by X‐ray stress analysis.
Identity work in female‐led creative businesses
Authors: Martin Lynn , Jerrard Bob , Wright Lucy
Published: February 2019

This study explores the identity work carried out by three female owner‐managers in creative industry businesses, identified in Government reports as a discriminatory industrial sector for women in the UK. Through the development of narratives by the owners and other participants, observation of practice and review of online and offline materials, three cases emerged. These showed overlapping, different identities developed and performed through identity work. Each presented rational and logical persona as business leaders despite observation showing extensive use of intuition and gut feeling in both creative and entrepreneurial aspects of the business. Intuition and gut feeling were seen as inappropriate at work as they belonged to the home sphere, emotionally based and therefore automatically unreliable. While occupying male stereotypes and avoiding the female realm of emotion at work, these women expressed femininity through their emphasis on the maternal, ‘being a good mother' as a desired ideal being embedded in work as well as home practice.