bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional Potential of Two Lactogenic Plants after Cooking in the Prevention of Hypogalactia: the Case of Euphorbia hirta L. and Secamone afzelii (Shult) K. Shum.
Authors: Prosper Adepo Yapo , Ibrahim Fofana , Virginie Atto
Published: October 2023

To combat hypogalactia, breastfeeding women in rural areas use certain plants in their cooking to induce lactation. However, the nutritional properties of these local products after cooking are not well known. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional potential of the leafy stems of two plants such as Euphorbia hirta and Secamone afzelii used in Côte d'Ivoire after cooking. The results obtained indicate the presence of proteins (7.55±0.02% ; 8.486±0.04%), total sugars (16.77±0.13 ; 17.93±0.09), reducing sugars (0.619±0.02% ; 0.872±0.03%) and mineral elements such as calcium (1.12±0.08% ; 1.20±0.10%), iron (0.20±0.03%; 0.32±0.02%) and magnesium (0.15±0.01%; 0.54±0.04%) in aqueous extracts from Euphorbia hirta and Secamone afzelii plants after cooking. These results could justify the culinary use of these food plants, which are potential sources of essential nutrients for improving the quality and quantity of breast milk for young children, through the treatment of breastfeeding disorders in women in general. Both plants deserve be valorized. However, further studies on the toxicity of the Secamone afzelii plant are needed.
THE RISK OF BURNOUT SYNDROME IN SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGISTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Jerkić Rajić Lana , Zelić Mirna , Milisavljević Jelena , Mentus Kandić Tatjana , Strižak Nevena , Obrenović Ilić Ivana
Published: October 2023

Burnout is a current topic which many researchers are dealing with. This syndrome is most commonly considered to occur in people who are engaged in ‘helping professions’. Since speech-language pathologists belong to the helping professions, the goal of this study was to assess the extent to which burnout symptoms are present among speech-language pathologists in the Republic of Serbia. The sample of this research included 150 speech-language pathologists employed in state institutions and private centres throughout the Republic of Serbia. The assessment of burnout symptoms was performed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), which measures three different dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and personal achievement. The use of statistical procedures confirmed the majority of the research hypotheses. This population displays burnout symptoms, which are usually low (on the Depersonalisation and Personal Achievement scales) or high (Emotional Exhaustion) in degree. According to the findings of this study, while older speech-language pathologists report a high level of emotional exhaustion, they also report a higher level of personal achievement. Respondents with more work experience report a greater level of exhaustion. Lower levels of emotional weariness and a lower degree of personal achievement were reported by speech-language pathologists with less work experience. Satisfaction with one’s level of income was found to be the most significant predictor of burnout symptoms. Marital status and the number of children have not been associated with burnout symptoms.
УТИЦАЈ СТРАНОГ БРЕНДИРАЊА НА ПЕРЦЕПЦИЈУ ПОТРОШАЧА О КВАЛИТЕТУ И ПОРЕКЛУ ПРОИЗВОДА, И ЊИХОВУ ОДЛУКУ О КУПОВИНИ
Authors: Marković Ivana , Janković Perić Marina , Dugošija Tanja
Published: October 2023

A brand name conveys substantial product-related information. Its purpose is not only to differentiate the product but also to communicate values important to the consumer, such as the nature, purpose and category of the product, its origin, price, and/or quality. The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of foreign brand names on the consumers’ perception of product origin and quality, and their decision to purchase textile products in the Republic of Serbia. Data was collected via the personal interview method, using an online survey, and the hypotheses were tested by regression analysis and the Chi-square test. The obtained results indicate that the use of foreign brand names for clothing products leads consumers to believe that these products are manufactured abroad. In addition, consumers perceive clothes with foreign brand names as being of higher quality, which further influences their purchase decision.
CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND PRO-ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR AS COMPETITIVENESS FACTORS IN SERBIA: CURRENT STATE OF DEVELOPMENT AND KEY DRIVERS
Authors: Milić Tanja
Published: October 2023

Environmental awareness was proven to be a significant competitiveness factor among consumers with high environmental awareness levels. Since the latest scientific research has revealed an enviably high environmental awareness level among consumers on the Serbian market, the purpose of this empirical research paper is to provide insight into the current environmental awareness level and pro-environmental behaviour in business organisations in Serbia. Environmental awareness and pro-environmental behaviour are explored both generally and from the standpoint of the impact of specific managerial and organisational attributes. The sample includes 107 managers interviewed using the Computer Assisted Web Interview technique. Results show a slightly above average corporate environmental awareness level and pro-environmental behaviour in the Serbian business world, with lower rankings received in comparison with Serbian consumers. Additionally, a corporate environmental awareness-behaviour gap was detected, demonstrating that barriers are more dominant than motivators for pro-environmental behaviour in the Serbian business world. The business organisation size appears as the only differing factor influencing environmental awareness and pro-environmental behaviour in Serbia, showing that larger organisations face larger environmental violations and problems, and consequently develop a higher level of environmental awareness and pro-environmental behaviour. The results indicate that the Serbian government, as one of the key promoters of corporate environmental responsibility, shares the same environmental awareness level and pro-environmental behaviour as Serbian business organisations, leaving consumers with the task of attempting to influence the Serbian government and Serbian corporations in order to motivate them to start behaving in a more environmentally responsible manner. This research implies that environmental awareness is not sufficiently present in managers’ minds and Serbian businesses, and, consequently, corporate pro-environmental behaviour itself, together with the present corporate environmental awareness-behaviour gap, cannot reach higher levels. This means that the opportunities to gain a significant competitive advantage on the Serbian market based on environmentally conscious business activities are being missed.
THE AWARENESS OF REGULATIONS IN THE FIELD OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY OF HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS – A CASE STUDY
Authors: Ilić Petković Aleksandra , Nikolić Vesna , Vukić Tamara
Published: October 2023

The global pandemic crisis caused by the coronavirus has demonstrated the importance of occupational safety of healthcare professionals. Workplace risks are not the same across all categories of healthcare professionals. This research is focused on healthcare professionals in psychiatric institutions. We wanted to explore to what extent healthcare professionals are familiar with their rights and obligations in the field of occupational safety. Empirical research was conducted using the survey method. The research sample consisted of healthcare professionals (medical doctors and nurses/technicians) employed at the Special Hospital for Psychiatric Diseases Gornja Toponica in Niš. The study included 215 respondents. The age of the respondents ranged between 20 and 64 years. Their educational qualifications varied from high school education to completed PhD studies. We concluded that the majority of healthcare professionals included in the sample were familiar with legal regulations in the field of occupational safety and health. This is encouraging if we bear in mind the fact that the knowledge of how to react in specific cases, the need for cooperation with persons in charge of occupational safety, and care for occupational safety are preconditions for reducing occupational risks, improving health and increasing safety.
El populismo antes y ahora. Reflexiones para repensar el estudio del populismo
Authors: Simon János
Published: October 2023

El estudio tiene como objetivo refutar los conceptos erróneos del populismo, así como formular nuevas rutas para futuras investigaciones. En la era posglobalista, la democracia no suele ser la que está en crisis agonizante, sino su versión liberal, más aún la neoliberal. No es el populismo el que provoca la caída de las democracias, sino el mal desempeño de los gobiernos y de la clase política. Debido a la mala actuación del gobierno y los conflictos de intereses entre las élites, se interrumpe el diálogo entre los gobernantes y la sociedad, lo que provoca una grave situación de crisis, rompiendo el anterior “equilibrio dinámico" entre los intereses de los políticos grupos de élite y las masas. El cierre de vías de diálogo de la clase política activa a los excluidos y amplios sectores de la sociedad, fortalece las tendencias populistas que eluden a las instituciones democráticas
Dwight Waldo: un pensador administrativo universal
Authors: Guerrero Orozco Omar
Published: October 2023

Este artículo tiene como propósito presentar una semblanza de Dwight Waldo como un pensador de talla universal. Del texto se deriva la imagen de un académico conocido a través de una obra que alcanzó gran trascendencia internacional motivada por su traducción, del inglés, a otras lenguas como el español, el portugués y el italiano. El trabajo expone los aportes de Waldo a la ciencia de la administración pública, concebida en la universalidad de sus alcances epistemológicos. Entre los méritos de Waldo destaca su aporte decisivo en los Estados Unidos, en pro de una disciplina administrativa que trasciende al acento práctico y alcanza un lugar eminente entre las ciencias sociales. Este hecho tuvo efecto en muchos países del mundo donde las obras de Dwight Waldo fueron consultadas en su idioma original, así como en las otras lenguas referidas
Acción colectiva y participación ciudadana: dos ejes para la transformación social
Authors: Hernández Olmos Mariana , Maldonado Montes Josefina
Published: October 2023

El presente artículo revisa desde la perspectiva de la acción colectiva y participación ciudadana el movimiento social que promovió la iniciativa popular para legislar una ley contra la violencia intrafamiliar en Jalisco en 1999, el cual motivó una gran movilización entorno a esa problemática logrando una transformación social. No obstante, desde el punto de vista de la utilización de los mecanismos de participación para los ciudadanos la perspectiva es más negativa
Policía: saber/poder y dispositivo de control de las calles de Bogotá, Colombia (1880-1930)
Authors: Torres Ruiz Jacqueline
Published: October 2023

El presente artículo presenta un análisis sociológico, político e historiográfico del período de institucionalización de la Policía (1880 a 1930), en Bogotá, Colombia. El objetivo es hallar los antecedentes de la configuración de la función negativa de la policía, enfocada en el señalamiento y la represión de las personas que habitaban y utilizaban las calles, a partir de la convergencia de discursos y prácticas higienistas y de seguridad. El diseño metodológico toma como base el concepto de semiosis social, para indagar, en clave foucaultiana, la racionalidad que sustenta discursos, prácticas institucionalizadas y dispositivos de control policial
Descifrando el nuevo Estado mexicano
Authors: Labastida Salinas Carlos
Published: October 2023

No disponible
Educación en geriatría en México: Revisión del escenario educativo actual en médicos en formación (EDUREV)
Authors: Gómez-Moreno Carolina , Perez-Mendez Ayari , Hernández-Murillo Ana María , Ortega-Ortiz Corina , Cortés-Hernàndez Nancy Cecilia , Ávila-Funes José Alberto , Gutiérrez-Cirlos Carlos
Published: October 2023

Introducción: En México existe una cantidad inadecuada de profesionales en salud con una buena capacidad de atención de las personas mayores. Uno de los factores modificables para mejorar esta situación, son las intervenciones educativas que puedan implementarse en etapas formativas; sin embargo, no existe información actualizada de la enseñanza de geriatría en medicina en México.

Objetivo: Revisar y registrar si existe la materia de geriatría en los programas educativos de medicina en universidades mexicanas y describir las características de la misma, para elaborar un reporte actualizado de la enseñanza de geriatría en México.

Método: Estudio descriptivo de muestreo por conveniencia. Se realizó una encuesta a las escuelas y facultades de medicina certificadas por el Consejo Mexicano para la Acreditación de la Educación Médica (COMAEM), mediante un formato virtual. La información que no se respondió directamente por las escuelas, se obtuvo a partir de los sitios web de estas.

Resultados: Se encontró que un 88% de las escuelas de medicina certificadas por la COMAEM tiene contenido de geriatría. El contenido es obligatorio en un 99% de  los casos evaluados. Un 56% de las escuelas imparte el contenido de manera exclusivamente teórica y 41% de manera teórico-práctica. Un 7% de los docentes que imparten el contenido reportó no tener ninguna formación en geriatría.

Conclusiones: Hay avances en la difusión de la información de geriatría. Las metas serán lograr la totalidad de las escuelas con contenido y buscar uniformidad en el mismo.
Nivel de inteligencia emocional y empatía en médicos residentes
Authors: Fernández Vázquez María Urbelina , Sánchez Torres Rosa Ivonne
Published: October 2023

Introducción: La inteligencia emocional es una competencia blanda que, está demostrado, influye en la capacidad de las personas para tener éxito al hacer frente a las demandas y presiones ambientales. Por otro lado, la empatía tiene un papel importante porque es un atributo cognitivo que engloba el entendimiento de experiencias y perspectivas del individuo. Ambas con beneficios en la relación médico-paciente, pues consigue un mejor diagnóstico y mayor apego a los tratamientos.

Objetivo: Evaluar el nivel de inteligencia emocional y empatía que poseen los médicos residentes de la delegación Puebla del IMSS.

Método: Estudio cuantitativo, analítico, longitudinal, homodémico, prospectivo y multicéntrico. Participaron 254 médicos residentes de 12 especialidades, se utilizaron como instrumentos de medición: la escala TMSS 24 para inteligencia emocional y la escala de Jefferson para la empatía.

Resultados: Se tuvo más participación del sexo femenino, con una edad promedio global de 29 años, la mayor participación fue de la especialidad en medicina familiar. En los rubros atención, claridad y reparación de la inteligencia emocional, el resultado fue adecuado con 48%, 53.9% y 61.8%, respectivamente. En la escala de empatía de Jefferson predominó el rubro sobresaliente con un 46.8%. Se identificó a 19 médicos residentes con niveles bajos en cada una de las dimensiones de la inteligencia emocional aunado a una empatía intermedia y baja.

Discusión: los niveles de inteligencia emocional y de empatía fueron adecuados, aunque los médicos residentes con niveles bajos en ambos rubros representan un foco rojo y un área de oportunidad para la educación emocional.

Conclusiones: La inteligencia emocional y la empatía son habilidades que los médicos residentes deben poseer porque tienen beneficios para ellos y para sus pacientes, por lo que es importante fomentar la enseñanza de estas habilidades desde los años formativos.
El Trabajo Doméstico y de Cuidados desde la Perspectiva de Género: la Experiencia del Tribunal de Justicia Administrativa de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Delint García Alejandro , Sánchez-Caballero Rigalt Luis G
Published: October 2023

El Estado se encuentra obligado a la promoción y protección de los derechos humanos en su integralidad, sin que corresponda hacer distinciones entre los derechos sociales, derechos civiles y políticos.
Recientemente, los derechos que se discuten en los tribunales de justicia, los actores que promueven estas acciones, los intereses que se representan, los procedimientos que se siguen y las decisiones que se adoptan, revelan una evolución promisoria hacia la configuración de un compromiso con el acceso a la justicia de los grupos más desaventajados, garantizando la igualdad en el ejercicio de los derechos.
Entrevista a la Dra. Susy Bello Knoll
Authors: Ramírez Espinoza Martha Aurora
Published: October 2023

Susy Inés Bello Knoll. Abogada y contadora argentina recibida de ambas carreras en la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Master en Derecho Empresario por la Universidad Austral. Tesis de Maestría Zonas francas. Doctora en Derecho por la Universidad de Salamanca. Premio extraordinario de Doctorado 2011-2012. Tesis de Maestría Fideicomiso Público dirigida por el Doctor Ricardo Rivero Ortega y Olivier Moreteau. Actualmente realiza sus estudios postdoctorales en dicha Universidad.
Ley Constitutiva de la Universidad Nacional de México
Authors: Nacional de México Ley Constitutiva de La Universidad
Published: October 2023

Presentamos esta nueva sección de la Revista que se dedica a presentar importantes documentos Universitarios que han ido edificando la historia y estructura contemporánea de nuestra Alma Mater. En esta ocasión corresponde difundir el Decreto Fundacional de la entonces Universidad Nacional de México, nacida en 1910.

Este documento fue consultado en la página oficial de la Abogacía General de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).
The effect of surgery or medication on pain and quality of life in women with endometrioma. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Keukens A. , Veth V. , Regis M. , Mijatovic Velja , Bongers Marlies , Coppus Sjors , Maas Jacques
Published: October 2023

Background- For patients with endometrioma it is unclear what
treatment: surgery and/or medication, is more effective in reducing pain
and improving quality of life (QoL). Objectives- To provide an
overview of existing evidence on effects of surgery and/or medication on
pain and QoL. Search Strategy- CENTRAL, MEDLINE and Embase were
searched. Selection criteria- Women treated for endometrioma.
Retrospective or prospective studies reporting about QoL and/or the
following types of pain: dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain,
and pain that was not well defined in the included article (referred to
as pain). Data collection and Analysis- We performed a
meta-analysis on mean visual analogue scale (VAS)-scores and proportions
of patients experiencing different types of pain over time. QoL was
described narratively. Main results- The systematic review
included 76 studies (N=7148 patients). The meta-analysis included 52
studies (N=4556 patients). No studies compared medication with surgery.
Meta-analysis showed that surgery and/or medication often reduced
VAS-scores and proportions of all types of pain over time.
Surgery+medication seemed more effective in reducing VAS-scores of pain
compared to surgery (estimated mean difference=0.17, p<.0001).
Median follow-up: 12 months (range: 3-155). QoL improved after
medication and QoL was unchanged or worsened after surgery+medication.
Conclusion and relevance- Both surgery and medication reduce
endometriosis-related pain in patients with endometrioma. However, there
is lack of uniform, good quality data comparing surgery with medication
to draw firm conclusions. For better-informed treatment decisions,
further studies including a standardized core-outcome set at fixed
follow-up times, are necessary.
Assessing Influenza Activity Variations in the Asian Region During the Pre- and Post-Pandemic Period (2019-2023)
Authors: Safdar Inayah , Nisar Nadia , Badar Nazish , Daud Bisma , Awan Najma Javed , Naz Sumera , Asghar Muhammad Nadeem
Published: October 2023

Background: The year 2021 witnessed a decline in seasonal
influenza cases across Southeast Asia and the broader Asian region.
However, a sudden surge in influenza cases during 2022-2023 necessitates
a comprehensive exploration and analysis to inform future prediction
models. Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the disease
burden of influenza in Asian countries post-COVID-19, while comparing
seasonal variations to the pre-pandemic influenza patterns.
Methods: We conducted an extensive analysis of data spanning
from January 2017 to September 2023 across ten Asian countries,
categorizing them into three WHO regions. Data was sourced from the WHO
Flunet system, falling under the purview of the WHO Global Influenza
Program. Findings and Conclusion: The advent of COVID-19
significantly disrupted pre-pandemic influenza patterns. Limited data
availability in the Asian WHO region led to some countries having
unreported influenza seasons. Nevertheless, COVID-19 and influenza
exhibited a mutually suppressive relationship during and after the
pandemic. Notably, an observable increase in influenza A subtype cases
was identified in both the northern and southern hemispheres,
particularly in temperate zones. These variations in the influenza trend
provide valuable insights for predicting future influenza outbreaks.
Evidence that spatial scale and environment factors explains community assembly in grassland communities
Authors: Zheng Cheng , Shi Haijing , Wei Jiaqi , Cui Mengying , Lin Ziqi , Gao Yuan , Yuan Liuhuan , WEN ZHONGMING
Published: October 2023

Understanding community assembly of living organisms has been a
prominent ecological question since the early days of the discipline.
The impact of habitat filtering and limiting similarity on plant
community structures is well-known, as both processes are influenced by
individual responses to environmental changes. However, identifying and
quantifying potential abiotic and biotic factors that ultimately
influence community structures at a fine scale remains a challenge.
Here, we employed different species pool null models to assess the
importance of habitat filtering and limiting similarity at two spatial
scales. We used 63 natural vegetation plots, each measuring 5m x 5m,
with 3 nested subplots measuring 1m x 1m, from the 2021 field survey, to
examine the alpha diversity of plots and subplots as well as Beta
diversity. We also used linear mixed-effects models (LMEs) to assess how
environmental factors affect the assembly process. Our findings indicate
that habitat filtering was the dominant assembly process at both the
plot and subplot levels, while limiting similarity was stronger at the
subplot level. Plot-level limiting similarity was positively correlated
with fine-scale partitioning, suggesting that trait divergence resulted
from a combination of limiting similarity species and spatial
partitioning. Our results also suggest that the assembly process varies
more strongly along the mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient than the
mean annual precipitation (MAP). Additionally, the community assembly
process of different traits varied with these environmental factors,
indicating the importance of multi-dimensional traits.This study
provides a valuable example of non-random assembly rules from spatial
scale and environmental factors in grassland communities in the loess
hilly region. These results highlight the essential role of additional
constraints with spatial scales and environmental factors for
understanding the process of grassland community assembly.
Assessing Antimicrobial Resistance in Papillomavirus-Related Infections: A Comprehensive Review of Prevalence, Impact on Treatment Strategies, and Implications for Disease Control Efforts.
Authors: McLachlan John Charles , Auta Asa , Ajiboye Aderonke
Published: October 2023

Aims: Assessment is a key promoter of student learning and in setting
appropriate standards. In this review, we explore and assess current
evidence on the assessment and evaluation of prescribing competencies,
through a formal systematic literature review and a review of policies
of regulatory bodies. We aim to make recommendations to promote existing
best practice but also suggest additional steps for both institutional
and national practice. Methods: PubMed®, Embase®, the Allied and
Complementary Medicine and CINAHL databases were systematically searched
in August 2023 for studies in English from Europe, United States of
America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand that reported assessment of
prescribing competencies among medical and nonmedical
students/practitioners. Additional articles were identified through
citation tracking. Results: A total of 20,514 articles were retrieved,
of which 54 met the inclusion criteria. The largest source of articles
was the United Kingdom. Medical students represented the largest
population studied. Written assessments largely utilised Selected
Response formats while skills assessments in educational environments
were varied in format, including scenario-based skills tests and OSCEs.
Test reliability was generally described using Classical Test Theory.
None of the included studies considered differential attainment by
students with protected characteristics. Conclusion: Research on
assessment in prescribing competencies would benefit from structured
reporting of methods and findings. Estimation of the predictive validity
of assessments, at both national and institutional levels, is essential.
This would help establish whether OSCEs or similar tests have
incremental predictive validity over written tests. Situational
Judgement Tests would be a valuable addition to assessment practices.
Towards a Cutting-Edge Metallization Process for Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with Very Low Silver Laydown
Authors: Lorenz Andreas , Wenzel Timo , Pingel Sebastian , Sabet Milad Salimi , Retzlaff Marc , Clement Florian
Published: October 2023

Within this work, we investigate the potential to optimize the screen
printed front side metallization of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar
cells. Four iterative experiments are conducted to evaluate the impact
and possible limit of the printing and flooding velocity on the
metallization and I-V result of the solar cells as well as silver
laydown. We demonstrate that high-quality SHJ solar cells with
busbarless front side grid can be metallized with a printing velocity up
to 1000 mm/s provided that the cells are measured using GridTouch
. Furthermore, we compare the printing results of a
fine-mesh knotless screen to a conventionally angled screen
demonstrating an additional gain of Δ η = 0.1 %
due to reduced shading losses. Additionally, a grid
layout optimization is applied by increasing the amount of contact
fingers from 120 to 156. Furthermore, the current possibility to push
the fine-line printing process for low-temperature pastes to the limit
is investigated by reducing the nominal finger width w to 20 µm, 18 µm and 15 µm. It is shown that even the
smallest nominal width of w = 15 µm can be
printed with high quality, leading to an additional efficiency gain of Δ
η = + 0.15 % as well as a reduction of
silver paste laydown by -5 mg. Finally, a batch of champion cells is
fabricated by applying the findings of the previous experiments which
results in a maximum efficiency of η = 23.2
%. Compared to the reference group without optimization, this
corresponds to a gain of Δ η = +0.17 % which
comes along with an additional decrease of the silver paste laydown by
approx. - 2mg. This underlines the importance of consequent optimization
of the screen printing process with regard to cell performance and use
of resources for SHJ solar cells.
Estimating coastal waterbird harvest trends in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ellis Matthew
Published: October 2023

We present estimates of catch per unit effort which we use to derive
annual harvest estimates for huntable waterbird species taken on the
coastal foreshore of the United Kingdom. Our findings are consistent
with previous national estimates for most species, and it is likely that
our estimates are nested within national totals, with variability
depending on species-specific habitat preferences. Our estimates account
for approximately 3-8% of the national harvest, predominantly on
protected sites. Currently these sites are the sole domain where
adaptive harvest management can be feasibly implemented in the UK.
Consequently, implementing an effective nationwide adaptive harvest
management system in the UK necessitates regulatory amendments to
introduce greater flexibility and shift from site-specific to nationwide
decision-making processes. Furthermore, this study highlights the need
for regulatory reforms to facilitate adaptive harvest management at a
national scale, ensuring sustainable waterbird populations while
accommodating the interests of hunters and conservationists alike.
Predicting alpha amylase content and starch breakdown in pregerminated barley seeds using hyperspectral imaging
Authors: Propst Kevin , Hall Evan , Hirsch Cory D , Walling Jason G
Published: October 2023

Malting is the process of controlled germination of cereal grain that is
steeped, germinated, and dry kilned to develop flavor compounds,
fermentable sugars, the hydrolytic enzymes necessary for the brewing
process. To meet the strict standards of the brewing industry, variation
in the germination of barley grains need to be minimal but also maintain
rapid germination and optimum levels of a and B amylase. Preharvest
sprouting poses a significant threat to barley cultivars prior to
harvest, resulting in premature endosperm modification, reduced enzyme
content, and poor malthouse performance. Pregerminated grain is
difficult to detect as there are often no signs of damage, and current
methods such as the Hagberg falling/Stirring number, or pearling tests,
each of which ultimately leads to the destruction of the seed. Here we
used time-series hyperspectral imaging of barley seeds undergoing active
and or pregerminated seed and used a deep neural network to predict
stirring number and alpha amylase values, which are proxy measures for
sprout damage. Prediction models were made for seven genotypes tested
individually and with all genotypes combined. Stirring number assays
ranged from 0 to 190 and our prediction models had mean average errors
of 10.5 to 23.9 depending on the model. To increase the resolution and
accuracy of the predictions we transitioned from using bulk conventional
molecular assavs to single seed assavs and prediction models. These
results demonstrate that hyperspectral imaging and machine learning
models can be used to predict germinated grain in bulk and single seed
assays.
La economía informal en Villavicencio con enfoque neoestructuralista
Authors: León Camargo Astrid , Caicedo Mora Hugo Germán
Published: October 2023

En la ciudad de Villavicencio cerca de la mitad de la mano de obra empleada pertenece al sector informal. Desde vendedores ambulantes hasta trabajadores a quienes no les cumplen los mínimos de sus derechos laborales son el rostro más evidente de una problemática, la cual posee dinámicas propias de una economía que no ha podido dar respuesta al reto de la informalidad. Sin embargo, a pesar de que distintos gobiernos han intentado implementar políticas para afrontar tal situación, las acciones no han resultado eficientes porque son medidas coyunturales de tipo policivo que no ayudan a mitigar el crecimiento de la informalidad. De esta manera, los autores plantean un enfoque distinto para comprender este fenómeno y brindar una perspectiva que facilite dimensionar el comportamiento de la informalidad desde la visión neoestructuralista.
Ejercicios para la prevención de discapacidad en las personas afectadas por lepra (PAL)
Authors: Plata Casas Laura Ines
Published: October 2023

La discapacidad motriz es una de las consecuencias más graves en los pacientes con lepra. Aunque esta enfermedad fue declarada por la OMS como un problema de salud pública y las acciones efectuadas han ayudado a disminuir su propagación, la lepra sigue presente en el siglo XXI. El inoportuno acceso a cuidados adecuados y la actual creencia de la desaparición de la enfermedad, han generado que los casos en Colombia sean alarmantes. La prevención de la discapacidad es clave para disminuir los efectos de la enfermedad. Ejercicios para la prevención de discapacidad en personas afectadas por lepra (PAL) presenta un esquema de ejercicios basados en la teoría del autocuidado de Orem. Gracias a su metodología y sencillas actividades, se contribuye a la prevención la discapacidad producida por la enfermedad y rehabilitación de los afectados por la lepra.
In All Fairness: A Meta-Analysis of the Tax Fairness–Tax Compliance Literature
Authors: Marshall Mary E. , Farrar Jonathan M. , Massey Dawn W. , Thorne Linda , Wu Anita , Bui Trang
Published: October 2023

We conduct a meta-analysis of the tax fairness–tax compliance literature from its inception in 1976 through 2021. We use an organizational justice perspective (Colquitt 2001) to differentiate between the dimensions of fairness that dominate tax fairness research. We find that the aggregate effect size of the fairness-compliance association is positive and of medium strength. We also find that distributive fairness has the strongest effect on taxpayers’ compliance and is largely driven by the subdimension of exchange equity. Other dimensions of fairness, namely, interactional (interpersonal and informational) and procedural, have smaller effect sizes. We also find a moderating effect of methodology. Our findings suggest both the importance of ensuring that tax dollars are used in ways that taxpayers value, while downplaying the effect of interactional aspects of tax administration, and the importance of carefully considering methodology when conducting tax fairness research.
Parent-Only Balance Sheet Information and Credit Risk Assessments
Authors: Tucker Jennifer W. , Zhou Ying , Zhu Jigao
Published: October 2023

SYNOPSIS

General-purpose financial statements prepared under GAAP are for a consolidated reporting entity—a collection of legal entities that includes the parent and any subsidiaries it controls. This reporting model results in a loss of information about the individual legal entities within the consolidated reporting entity. Our study examines the role of parent-only balance sheet information in assessing the credit risk of the parent when it is a bank holding company. We obtain evidence from three trading platforms: credit default swaps (CDS), outstanding bonds, and new bonds. We find that parent-only leverage is useful for debtholders to assess the parent’s credit risk even after considering consolidated leverage. Moreover, in CDS markets, parent-only leverage is more useful for firms without downstream guarantee than for firms with guarantee and is less useful for firms with a stronger internal capital market. Our study raises the awareness of parent-only financial information for credit risk assessments.

Data Availability: All data are available from the identified public sources.

JEL Classifications: M2; M4; G3.
Be an Expert: A Critical Thinking Approach to Responding to High-Profile Cybersecurity Breaches
Authors: Boss Scott R. , Gray Joy , Janvrin Diane J.
Published: October 2023

This case examines three high-profile cybersecurity breaches to illustrate how organizations respond to these situations. Students explore breaches involving Capital One, Equifax, and Target and apply critical thinking to examine attack details, breach prevention, and breach responses by assuming the roles of security consultants, chief information officers, and internal auditors. The case objectives include (1) summarizing how organizations respond to cybersecurity breaches, (2) evaluating threats to organizations’ cybersecurity infrastructure, and (3) justifying how accountants and auditors may respond to cybersecurity breaches. This case is designed for undergraduate- or graduate-level accounting information systems, auditing, information technology (IT) auditing, internal auditing, and fraud examination classes and can be extended for intermediate or advanced financial accounting courses. This case provides instructor flexibility, as the class can be split into three groups with each group assigned as the expert on one breach or one or more breaches can be assigned to all students.
AI and the Accounting Profession: Views from Industry and Academia
Authors: Boritz J. Efrim , Stratopoulos Theophanis C.
Published: October 2023

Anecdotal and empirical evidence indicates that the growing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) within accounting firms and accounting departments leads to improvements in efficiency, a gradual increase in the share of AI workers, and a decrease in junior accounting employees. If this trend continues, would it signal the beginning of an era of diminishing demand for new accounting professionals and a shift in the required skill set of new accounting employees? The aim of the workshop, which, by happenstance, occurred the same week that OpenAI introduced ChatGPT, was to bring together Accounting Information Systems researchers and representatives from leading accounting firms for a conversation on the implications of AI for the accounting profession and related research opportunities. Although the panelists at the time had no way of knowing the capabilities of generative AI models like ChatGPT, their main message was timely and appropriate: Accountants with AI will replace accountants.
Time Series Variation in the Efficacy of Executive Risk-Taking Incentives: The Role of Market-Wide Uncertainty
Authors: Cadman Brian D. , Campbell John L. , Johnson Ryan G.
Published: October 2023

Boards of directors encourage risk-averse managers to take risky actions by providing stock options and severance pay. We demonstrate that the ability of these incentives to encourage risk-taking hinges on the level of uncertainty facing the manager. We confirm prior findings that stock option convexity encourages risk-taking but find that this relation only holds when market-wide uncertainty is low. We also confirm prior findings that severance pay encourages risk-taking but find that this relation only holds during high market-wide uncertainty and negative market-wide performance. Finally, we find that compensation committees respond to variation in uncertainty by adjusting the level of option grants. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of incentives to take risk varies with the market-wide uncertainty, and that boards consider this in annual compensation design.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G30; G34; K22; M40; M46.
Proprietary Information Cost of Contracting with the Government
Authors: He Jiapeng , Li Kevin , Li Ningzhong , Zhang Weining
Published: October 2023

We argue that contracting with the federal government involves significant proprietary information cost due to regulations requiring contractors to provide proprietary information, which may become available to outsiders via Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. We provide evidence by showing that firms become more willing to bid for government contracts after a recent Supreme Court ruling on FOIA (Food Marketing Institute v. Argus Leader Media) that improved information protection for contractors and that this effect strengthens when the contracts entail higher proprietary information cost for contractors.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: K4; M4.
Dasiglucagon Treatment for Postprandial Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Nielsen Casper K. , Øhrstrøm Caroline C. , Houji Inas J.K. , Helsted Mads M. , Krogh Liva S.L. , Johansen Nicklas J. , Hartmann Bolette , Holst Jens J. , Vilsbøll Tina , Knop Filip K.
Published: October 2023

OBJECTIVE

Postbariatric hypoglycemia affects >50% of individuals who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Despite the often debilitating nature of this complication, existing treatment options are limited and often inefficient. Dasiglucagon is a stable glucagon analog available in a ready-to-use formulation and was recently shown to mitigate postbariatric hypoglycemia in experimental settings. Here, we aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic hindering potential of dasiglucagon in an outpatient trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, proof-of-concept study at the Center for Clinical Metabolic Research at Gentofte Hospital in Denmark. The study included 24 individuals who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (n = 23 women) with continuous glucose monitor–verified postbariatric hypoglycemia (≥15 min at <3.9 mmol/L three or more times per week) randomly assigned to two treatment periods of 4 weeks of self-administered subcutaneous dasiglucagon at 120 μg or placebo. The primary and key secondary outcomes were continuous glucose monitor–captured percentage of time in level 1 and 2 hypoglycemia (<3.9 and <3.0 mmol/L), respectively.

RESULTS

Compared with placebo, treatment with dasiglucagon significantly reduced time in level 1 hypoglycemia by 33% (−1.2 percentage points; 95% CI −2.0 to −0.5; P = 0.002) and time in level 2 hypoglycemia by 54% (−0.4 percentage points; 95% CI −0.6 to −0.2; P < 0.0001). Furthermore, dasiglucagon corrected hypoglycemia within 15 min in 401 of 412 self-administrations, compared with 104 of 357 placebo self-administrations (97.3% vs. 29.1% correction of hypoglycemia rate; P < 0.001). Dasiglucagon was generally well tolerated, with mostly mild to moderate adverse events of nausea.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared with placebo, 4 weeks of self-administered dasiglucagon effectively reduced clinically relevant hypoglycemia in individuals who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
Extraction and characterization of proteins present in concentrates from quality protein maize (QPM)
Authors: Garrido Balam Mariel , Chel Guerrero Luis Antonio , Castellanos Ruelas Arturo Francisco , Moguel Ordoñez Yolanda , Betancur Ancona David Abram
Published: October 2023

Quality protein maize (QPM) represents an alternative protein source for food. This work aims to characterize fractions, molecular weights, and thermal stability of the proteins present in QPM protein concentrates obtained by isoelectric precipitation. Flours from two treatments, non-nixtamalized and nixtamalized, as well as three types of maize varieties: Sac Beh (QPM white), Chichén Itzá (QPM yellow), and Blanco Uxmal (control), were obtained. The experiment was conducted using a bifactorial 2x3 design. Four isoelectric precipitation pHs were evaluated, having the highest yield and maximum protein precipitation at pH 2,5 at 4 °C. The relative protein fractions in the maize varieties in both treatments showed more elevated amounts of prolamins (PR) and glutelins (GT) compared to the control. All QPM showed higher GT and lower PR. The denaturing electrophoretic profile (SDS-PAGE) showed molecular weights for the concentrates ranging from 17,6 to 225 kDa (non-nixtamalized), from 12,9 to 132,2 kDa (nixtamalized), and from the fractions with weights from 10,2 to 220,7 kDa. The thermograms showed a change in thermal stability in the concentrates from non-nixtamalized flour; there were no thermal transitions in the nixtamalized ones due to the denaturation of the proteins when obtaining the samples during nixtamalization of all the varieties studied.
The Determination of Burn out Levels and Sleep Periods in People among the Physiotherapist Profession
Authors: Acık Cihangir
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to determine the burnout levels and daytime sleepiness of the physiotherapists who are actively working in the field. In this study, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), which was developed by Maslach, translated into Turkish by Ergin and studied in terms of validity and reliability, was used. In addition, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), regarded as a valid and reliable test of high internal consistency, was used for eight different conditions that could be used in sleep and sleep disorders in Turkey. The effects of income, marital status, place of residence, age, social security, gender, and smoking on the emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, the subscales of Maslach Burnout Inventory, were not observed in the physiotherapists. Meanwhile, no relation was observed in the physiotherapists between the sleepiness status assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and age, social security, marital status, income level, and smoking. The rate of sleepiness in women, on the other hand, was found to be increased. It was observed that the difference in terms of the place of residence was due to the differences between the city and the district.
Evaluation of Scapular Dyskinesia in Checkout Operators and Its Association with Data Related to Work or Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: HM Sanchez
Published: October 2023

The scapulothoracic joint has an essential function for the correct biomechanics of the shoulder. When the scapula has movements or abnormal positioning, the condition is called scapular dyskinesia, such dysfunction infers shoulder pain. Shoulder pain is one of the main complaints and reason for removal of checkout operators. Objective: To evaluate scapular dyskinesia in checkout operators, and its association with work-related data or musculoskeletal pain. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out with 32 checkout operators. The ergonomic condition of the furniture was evaluated using the Couto Checklist and tests were performed to detect scapular dyskinesia as described by McClure. Conclusion: No significant results were found for the association of shoulder pain and scapular dyskinesia. There was an association of neck pain with scapular dyskinesia of the left upper limb in checkout operators.
Correlation between Toe Grip Strength and Knee Function in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis-Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: DC Joseph
Published: October 2023

Objective: Although the association between foot posture and altered mechanics of the knee joint in osteoarthritis (OA) has been investigated by several authors, the actual toe kinematics and function in individuals with knee OA has received little attention. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the association between toe grip strength and knee function in individuals with knee OA. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 145 participants will be recruited using purposive sampling. The toe grip strength will be measured using a pinch dynamometer and the Timed Up and Go test will be used assess knee function. The measurements will be recorded in a single session. Results: The data will be tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis using the Karl Pearson correlation coefficient. Conclusion: The findings of this study may assist in modifying treatment approaches to include strengthening of the toe grip musculature in the management of knee OA.