bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPUS-DSD: deep structural disentanglement for cryo-EM single-particle analysis
Authors: Luo Zhenwei , Ni Fengyun , Wang Qinghua , Ma Jianpeng
Published: October 2023

Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) captures snapshots of dynamic macromolecules, collectively illustrating the involved structural landscapes. This provides an exciting opportunity to explore the structural variations of macromolecules under study. However, traditional cryo-EM single-particle analysis often yields static structures. Here we describe OPUS-DSD, an algorithm capable of efficiently reconstructing the structural landscape embedded in cryo-EM data. OPUS-DSD uses a three-dimensional convolutional encoder–decoder architecture trained with cryo-EM images, thereby encoding structural variations into a smooth and easily analyzable low-dimension space. This space can be traversed to reconstruct continuous dynamics or clustered to identify distinct conformations. OPUS-DSD can offer meaningful insights into the structural variations of macromolecules, filling in the gaps left by traditional cryo-EM structural determination, and potentially improves the reconstruction resolution by reliably clustering similar particles within the dataset. These functionalities are especially relevant to the study of highly dynamic biological systems. OPUS-DSD is available athttps://github.com/alncat/opusDSD.
Record-breaking heat days disproportionately influence heat perceptions
Authors: Hyde Timothy , Albarracín Dolores
Published: October 2023

From heat waves to hurricanes, tangible weather experiences have been shown to strengthen personal belief in climate change. We ask whether a high temperature day that breaks local heat records—which is a mathematical construct not directly accessible to the senses—has additional impacts on perceptions of worsening heat, above and beyond that of the absolute temperatures. Matching historical heat records to survey data from the United States, we find that each record heat day in a county in 2022 increases perceptions that excessive heat is getting worse, even when controlling for average temperatures, the number of extreme heat days, and demographic factors. Our estimates suggest that exposure to sixteen record heat days predicts roughly the same difference in excessive heat perceptions as between the average Democrat respondent and a political independent. This effect is stronger for populations that are more skeptical of climate science, including Republicans, as well as respondents with weaker beliefs in climate change and more frequent consumption of conservative media. We close with recommendations for media framing of local record-breaking heat events and call for more research on how media outlets cover record-breaking heat.
Role of support bio-templating in Ni/Al2O3 catalysts for hydrogen production via dry reforming of methane
Authors: Roostaei Tayebeh , Rahimpour Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2023

Bio-templating, a synthetic approach inspired by nature, is an emerging area in material engineering. In this study, waste leaves of Sycamore were utilized as a bio-template for producing alumina support to prepare catalyst. The performance of Ni and Ce impregnated on bio-templated alumina support was investigated in dry reforming of methane for the first time. The effect of process and catalytic variables were examined in detail. The results showed that impregnation of 20% Ni and 3% Ce on the bio-templated alumina led to improved Ni dispersion and achieving the maximum CH4 conversion of 88.7%, CO2 conversion of 78.5%, and H2 yield of 85.3%, compared to 84.4%, 75.6% and 83.4% for the non-templated catalyst at 700 °C, respectively. Detailed characterization of the catalysts revealed that the enhanced performance in the bio-templated catalyst could be attributed to smaller Ni particles, superior dispersion of Ni on the support, the mesoporous structure of alumina, and the larger surface area of support. Furthermore, analysis of the used catalyst showed reduced coke formation on the catalyst surface and high stability of bio-templated catalysts, highlighting the main advantage of bio-templated catalysts over non-templated ones. The findings presented in this study contribute to the potential future applications of bio-templating materials and shed light on the rational design of bio-templating materials.
Development of machine learning models for predicting unfavorable functional outcomes from preoperative data in patients with chronic subdural hematomas
Authors: Fuse Yutaro , Nagashima Yoshitaka , Nishiwaki Hiroshi , Ohka Fumiharu , Muramatsu Yusuke , Araki Yoshio , Nishimura Yusuke , Ienaga Jumpei , Nagatani Tetsuya , Seki Yukio , Watanabe Kazuhiko , Ohno Kinji , Saito Ryuta
Published: October 2023

Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) often causes neurological deterioration and is treated with hematoma evacuation. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of various machine learning models to preoperatively predict the functional outcome of patients with CSDH. Data were retrospectively collected from patients who underwent CSDH surgery at two institutions: one for internal validation and the other for external validation. The poor functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 3–6 upon hospital discharge. The unfavorable outcome was predicted using four machine learning algorithms on an internal held-out cohort (n = 188): logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), random forest, and light gradient boosting machine. The prediction performance of these models was also validated in an external cohort (n = 99). The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) of each machine learning-based model was found to be high in both validations (internal: 0.906–0.925, external: 0.833–0.860). In external validation, the SVM model demonstrated the highest ROC-AUC of 0.860 and accuracy of 0.919. This study revealed the potential of machine learning algorithms in predicting unfavorable outcomes at discharge among patients with CSDH undergoing burr hole surgery.
Estimating changes of forest carbon storage in China for 70 years (1949–2018)
Authors: Zeng WeiSheng , Chen XinYun , Yang XueYun
Published: October 2023

In the realm of forest resource inventory and monitoring, stand-level biomass carbon models are especially crucial. In China, their importance is underscored as they form the bedrock for estimating national and international forest carbon storage. This study, based on the data from 52,700 permanent plots in the 9th National Forest Inventory (NFI) of China, was directed towards developing these models. After computing biomass and carbon storage per hectare using specific tree models for 34 species groups, we devised robust volume-derived biomass and carbon storage models for 20 forest types. The application of these models and historical data reveals notably a decline in China's forest carbon storage to 4.90Pg by the late 1970s due to aggressive forest exploitation. However, subsequent conservation and afforestation campaigns have affected a recovery, culminating in a storage of 8.69Pg by the 9th NFI. Over the past 40 years, China's forest carbon storage has surged by 3.79Pg, split between natural forests (2.25Pg) and planted forests (1.54Pg). In benchmarking against three pre-existing models, we discerned discernible biases, underscoring the need for larger modeling sample sizes. Overall, our models stand as a monumental stride in accurately gauging forest carbon storage fluctuations in China, both regionally and nationally.
Four new triterpene saponins from Cephalaria speciosa and their potent cytotoxic and immunomodulatory activities
Authors: Oztunc Ozan , Sumer Okkali Gaye , Zeinali Sevda , Nalbantsoy Ayse , Boke Sarikahya Nazli
Published: October 2023

Four new triterpene saponins, namely speciosides A-D (1–4) along with six known saponins were isolated from the n-butanol extract of Cephalaria speciosa. In addition to these, three new prosapogenins (2a–4a) were obtained after alkaline hydrolysis. Elucidation of the structures of the isolated compounds was carried out by 1D, 2D NMR, HR-ESI/MS and GC–MS analyses. Cytotoxic activity was investigated on A549, CCD34-Lu, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, U-87MG, HeLa, HepG-2 cells by MTT method. Additionally, the immunomodulatory effect of compounds was evaluated for macrophage polarization with/without inactivated IBV D274 antigen treatment on THP-1 cells originated macrophage cells in terms of M1 or M2. According to the cytotoxicity results, compound 1 and prosapogenin 2a exhibit significant cytotoxicity than doxorubicin by comparison. The results demonstrated that saponin molecules treated THP-1 originated macrophages were induced M1 and/or M2 polarization. Additionally, macrophage cells treated with/without IBV D274 antigen contained saponin compounds were triggered significantly M2 polarization relative to M1. Notably, monodesmosidic saponins (1 and 2a–4a) in comparison with bisdesmosidic ones (2–4) demonstrated the most effect on M2 polarization. In conclusion, the results showed that all the isolated new saponins and their prosapogenins have immunomodulatory potential on macrophage cells increasing immune response without significant cytotoxic effect on THP-1 originated macrophages.
Full publication of preprint articles in prevention research: an analysis of publication proportions and results consistency
Authors: Sommer Isolde , Sunder-Plassmann Vincent , Ratajczak Piotr , Emprechtinger Robert , Dobrescu Andreea , Griebler Ursula , Gartlehner Gerald
Published: October 2023

There is concern that preprint articles will lead to an increase in the amount of scientifically invalid work available. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of prevention preprints published within 12 months, the consistency of the effect estimates and conclusions between preprint and published articles, and the reasons for the nonpublication of preprints. Of the 329 prevention preprints that met our eligibility criteria, almost half (48.9%) were published in a peer-reviewed journal within 12 months of being posted. While 16.8% published preprints showed some change in the magnitude of the primary outcome effect estimate, 4.4% were classified as having a major change. The style or wording of the conclusion changed in 42.2%, the content in 3.1%. Preprints on chemoprevention, with a cross-sectional design, and with public and noncommercial funding had the highest probabilities of publication. The main reasons for the nonpublication of preprints were journal rejection or lack of time. The reliability of preprint articles for evidence-based decision-making is questionable. Less than half of the preprint articles on prevention research are published in a peer-reviewed journal within 12 months, and significant changes in effect sizes and/or conclusions are still possible during the peer-review process.
Differences in periprosthetic bone mineral density tendencies with Types 1 and 3C stems in bipolar hemiarthroplasty following hip fracture
Authors: Moon Jun-Ki , Yoon Jae Youn , Jeon Jin Woong , Kook Incheol , Kim Chul-Ho
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the periprosthetic bone mineral density (BMD) changes in the patients who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BPHA) for geriatric femoral neck fracture between two major different types of cementless femoral stems. A total of 93 patients (96 hips) who underwent BPHA for femoral neck fracture were categorized into two groups: Type 1 (42 patients, 44 hips), and Type 3C stem (51 patients, 52 hips). We investigated the annual follow-up trends of periprosthetic BMD at each Gruen zone during minimum postoperative 5-years; moreover, we compared the trends of periprosthetic BMD between both groups. The mean follow-up period was 7.1 years. In both groups, the overall BMD at the last follow-up had decreased compared with the baseline. In those with the Type 1 stem, BMD in the lateral femoral meta-diaphysis significantly decreased at 1-year follow-up after surgery. In those with Type 3C stem, BMD in the lateral femoral metaphysis postoperatively decreased after 3-years, whereas the BMD in the mediolateral femoral diaphysis drastically decreased postoperative 1-year period and plateaued thereafter. Different tendencies according to stem design were observed obviously in the postoperative BMD change of the proximal femur in patients who underwent BPHA for geriatric femoral neck fracture.
COX17 acetylation via MOF–KANSL complex promotes mitochondrial integrity and function
Authors: Guhathakurta Sukanya , Erdogdu Niyazi Umut , Hoffmann Juliane J. , Grzadzielewska Iga , Schendzielorz Alexander , Seyfferth Janine , Mårtensson Christoph U. , Corrado Mauro , Karoutas Adam , Warscheid Bettina , Pfanner Nikolaus , Becker Thomas , Akhtar Asifa
Published: October 2023

Reversible acetylation of mitochondrial proteins is a regulatory mechanism central to adaptive metabolic responses. Yet, how such functionally relevant protein acetylation is achieved remains unexplored. Here we reveal an unprecedented role of the MYST family lysine acetyltransferase MOF in energy metabolism via mitochondrial protein acetylation. Loss of MOF–KANSL complex members leads to mitochondrial defects including fragmentation, reduced cristae density and impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain complex IV integrity in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We demonstrate COX17, a complex IV assembly factor, as a bona fide acetylation target of MOF. Loss of COX17 or expression of its non-acetylatable mutant phenocopies the mitochondrial defects observed upon MOF depletion. The acetylation-mimetic COX17 rescues these defects and maintains complex IV activity even in the absence of MOF, suggesting an activatory role of mitochondrial electron transport chain protein acetylation. Fibroblasts from patients with MOF syndrome who have intellectual disability also revealed respiratory defects that could be restored by alternative oxidase, acetylation-mimetic COX17 or mitochondrially targeted MOF. Overall, our findings highlight the critical role of MOF–KANSL complex in mitochondrial physiology and provide new insights into MOF syndrome.
International food trade contributes to dietary risks and mortality at global, regional and national levels
Authors: Springmann M. , Kennard H. , Dalin C. , Freund F.
Published: October 2023

Food trade is generally perceived to increase the availability and diversity of foods available to consumers, but there is little empirical evidence on its implications for human health. Here we show that a substantial proportion of dietary risks and diet-related mortality worldwide is attributable to international food trade and that whether the contributions of food trade are positive or negative depends on the types of food traded. Using bilateral trade data for 2019 and food-specific risk–disease relationships, we estimate that imports of fruits, vegetables, legumes and nuts improved dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with a reduction in mortality from non-communicable diseases of ~1.4 million deaths globally. By contrast, imports of red meat aggravated dietary risks in the importing countries and were associated with an increase of ~150,000 deaths. The magnitude of our findings suggests that considering impacts on dietary risks will become an important aspect of health-sensitive trade and agriculture policies, and of policy responses to disruptions in food chains.
Current Lignocellulosic Biomass Logistics and Challenges
Authors: Gabhane Jagdish W. , Bhange Vivek P. , Bankar Sneha T. , Marghade Deepali T.
Published: October 2023

Biomass-derived fuel production requires a series of operations, from biomass harvesting to decisive conversion into biofuels, which are unique and distinguished for the different biomass supply chains. Studying biomass logistics becomes essential from researchers’, entrepreneurs’ and practitioners’ points of view. This chapter focuses on a comprehensive study of biomass logistics, including different biomass supply chains and their impacts on logistics operations and economy, all logistics operations and factors affecting the logistics costs, logistics models based on either simulation or mathematical methods, and biomass logistics and challenges in the bioprocessing of biomass. Different biomass supply chains with their logistics costs have been evaluated by numerous researchers and make entrepreneurs take a definitive decision on a particular operation to minimize the operating costs. To study logistics costs, researchers have developed many models; however, in this chapter, just five of them are reviewed, namely the straw handling model, linear programming model, mixed integer linear programming model, integrated biomass supply analysis and logistics model, and integrated biomass supply analysis and logistics-multi-crop model. Although much research has been carried out on biomass logistics, several challenges remain, which are focused on in this chapter.
Expediency of Green Gasoline in Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: Singh Gurkamal Nain , Tyagi Uplabdhi , Aslam Mohammad , Sarma Anil Kumar
Published: October 2023

The high demand for fossil fuel-derived energy and the dangerous pollutants emitted by hydrocarbon fuel-powered internal combustion engines are two major concerns for the world’s transportation sector. There is an urgent need to investigate the utilization of renewable sources as an alternative option for the production of energy- and value-added products. Bio-derived energy sources have become one of the most promising options for research related to fuel production, performance and economics. These green fuels are renewable and eco-friendly as the feedstock utilized during their production can be naturally developed and possesses high sustainability. Renewable gasoline, also known as “green gasoline”, is a biomass-derived alternative transportation fuel that can be utilized in spark-ignition (SI) engines. Normally, petroleum gasoline is a mixture of hydrocarbons having a boiling range of 40–140 °C with a carbon chain length of C4–C8. Isomeric hydrocarbons are analogous to isooctane and have higher octane ratings. All biomass-derived liquids have comparable fuel properties, are non-toxic and have high miscibility with petroleum gasoline and the potential to substitute gasoline as “green gasoline” in SI engines. The utilization of green gasoline will offer a guaranteed supply, reduce harmful emissions and can be used in engines without any kind of modification. Stringent government regulations for the emission levels of vehicles have already led to the use of bio-based fuels. This chapter describes green gasoline utilization in SI engines along with detailed insights and suggestions for alternative renewable fuels for gasoline engines to help meet global fuel concerns.
Life Cycle Assessment of Green Gasoline
Authors: Singhal Ankur , Agarwal Anu , Arora Pratham
Published: October 2023

With increasing environmental damage, rapidly depleting non-renewable sources of energy and inflationary oil prices, alternative sources of fuels such as green gasoline have become essential to promote a sustainable way of life. Green gasoline is equivalent to standard gasoline in composition, the difference being that it is extracted from plants in contrast to crude oil. Green gasoline has already found its way into regular fuel sources via blending. However, the environmental benefits of these alternative pathways need to be established through frameworks such as life cycle assessment (LCA). This chapter discusses various production routes to green gasoline and the basics of LCA. Multiple studies on the LCA of green gasoline have been conducted. This chapter reviews these studies and aims to provide insight into the importance and inherent shortcomings of such LCA studies. These studies differ in various respects such as functional units, modelling choices and impact categories. This chapter discusses the impacts of these differences and the way forward, and also highlights various specialized LCA studies and their importance in building better models for the future.
Underwater determination of calcium and strontium ions in oilfield produced water by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Silva Nilvan A. , Raimundo Ivo M.
Published: October 2023

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied to the determination of scaling ions in oilfield-produced water employing underwater measurements.
Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma biomarker alpha-fetoprotein
Authors: Chen Chen-Chun , Huang Han-Wen , Chen Bo-Rui , Wong Chi-Huey
Published: October 2023

A quantitative analytical method using mass spectrometry and enzymatic reactions has been developed for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Iron-catalyzed β-hydroxymethylative carbonylation of styrene under photo-irradiation
Authors: Guan Meng , Hou Ming , Tang Shuwang , Cheng Guang , Zhu Xinyu , Zhao Yun-Hui , Tang Ximei , Zhou Hongwei , Qiu Guanyinsheng
Published: October 2023

This paper describes an iron-catalyzed divergent oxidation of styrene into β-hydroxylmethylketone and ketone under photo-irradiation. The divergence is ascribed to the use of substrates with different substituents.
Direct alkylation of quinoxalinones with electron-deficient alkenes enabled by a sequential paired electrolysis
Authors: Wang Huiqiao , Liu Ruoyu , Sun Qi , Xu Kun
Published: October 2023

The unprecedented alkylation of quinoxalinones with electron-deficient alkenes has been realized by a sequential paired electrolysis.
Controlling molecular shuttling in a rotaxane with weak ring recognition sites
Authors: Bukhtiiarova Nina , Credi Alberto , Corra Stefano
Published: October 2023

A bistable rotaxane molecular switch sensitive to environmental changes such as solvent polarity or ion pairing. The coconformational equilibrium distribution can be fine-tuned exploiting the small energy difference between the two weak stations.
Stabilizing a non-IPR C2(13333)-C74 cage with Lu2C2/Lu2O: the importance of encaged non-metallic elements
Authors: Yu Pengwei , Li Mengyang , Hu Shuaifeng , Pan Changwang , Shen Wangqiang , Guo Kun , Xie Yun-Peng , Bao Lipiao , Zhang Rui , Lu Xing
Published: October 2023

The importance of internal non-metallic elements in stabilizing metallofullerenes has been investigated through a comparative study of Lu2C2/Lu2O/Lu2@C2(13333)-C74.
Rules governing metal coordination in Aβ–Zn(ii) complex models from quantum mechanical calculations
Authors: Aduriz-Arrizabalaga Julen , Mercero Jose M. , De Sancho David , Lopez Xabier
Published: October 2023

QM cluster calculations explain the tendency found in the PDB of Aβ–Zn(ii) complexes to be arranged in tetrahedral coordination shells with Zn(ii) interacting with mixed His and Glu/Asp residues.
Confinement-induced nonlocality and casimir force in transdimensional systems
Authors: Bondarev Igor V. , Pugh Michael D. , Rodriguez-Lopez Pablo , Woods Lilia M. , Antezza Mauro
Published: October 2023

We study within the framework of the Lifshitz theory the long-range Casimir force for in-plane isotropic and anisotropic free-standing transdimensional material slabs.
Theoretical study on the correlation between the structure, excess energy, surface energy, electronic structure, nitro charge, and friction sensitivity of N,N′-dinitroethylenediamine (EDNA)
Authors: Li Hong-Yan , Gan Yun-Dan , Liu Fu-Sheng , Liu Zheng-Tang , Bai Zhi-Xin , Liu Qi-Jun
Published: October 2023

The relation between structure, excess energy, surface energy, electronic structure, nitro charge, and friction sensitivity of seven surfaces of EDNA are discussed based on density functional theory.
An ultra-broadband solar absorber based on α-GST/Fe metamaterials from visible light to mid-infrared
Authors: Pan Yizhao , Li Yuchang , Chen Fang , Cheng Shubo , Yang Wenxing , Wang Boyun , Yi Zao , Yao Duanzheng
Published: October 2023

In this work, an ultra-broadband (4597 nm) and high absorption rate (98.5%) absorber based on Fe and phase changing materials is realized.
CoS2@C catalyzes polysulfide conversion to promote the rate and cycling performances of lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Liu Xinhang , Jin Qi , Han Fengfeng , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Xitian , Wu Lili
Published: October 2023

A CoS2@C/MWCNT/S electrode exhibited a high initial capacity of 1329.5 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 C and a reversible capacity of 1060.6 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles, with an 80% capacity retention rate.
Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) polyphenols attenuate obesity-induced colonic inflammation by regulating gut microbiota and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in high fat diet-fed rats
Authors: Zhu Yue , Cai Peng-ju , Dai Han-chu , Xiao Yu-hang , Jia Cheng-li , Sun Ai-dong
Published: October 2023

The effect of BCP treatment on gut microbiota and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in HFD-induced colonic inflammation rats.
Astaxanthin nanoparticles ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis by alleviating oxidative stress, regulating intestinal flora, and protecting the intestinal barrier
Authors: Luo Mengfan , Yuan Qiaoyue , Liu Mingzhen , Song Xingye , Xu Yingjie , Zhang Tao , Zeng Xiaoqun , Wu Zhen , Pan Daodong , Guo Yuxing
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to develop a novel astaxanthin nanoparticle using gum arabic (GA) and whey protein powder enriched with milk fat globule membranes (MFGM-WPI) as carriers and to investigate its effect and alleviation mechanism on colitis in mice.
An improved digestion coil arrangement for high-pressure microwave-assisted flow digestion
Authors: Hallwirth Franz , Motter Herbert , Wiltsche Helmar
Published: October 2023

A large heated volume (22 mL) digestion coil for high pressure flow digestion was developed. By using computer simulation of the microwave field, the coil geometry was optimized for uniform absorption of microwave radiation along the digestion coil.
A V-doped W3Nb14O44 anode in a Wadsley–Roth structure for ultra-fast lithium-ion half/full batteries
Authors: Cheng Qiushi , Chen Jiayu , Zhao Jun , Li Fatang
Published: October 2023

The V-doped W3Nb14O44 anode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance both in half and full cells due to an enhanced electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusion coefficient.
Ring-opening polymerization of functionalized aliphatic bicyclic carbonates
Authors: Ni Jixiang , Lanzi Matteo , Lamparelli David H. , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: October 2023

The development of new functional polycarbonates through ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic precursors is described.
Morphological control of CaxMn1−xNb2O6 columbites for use as lithium hosts in batteries
Authors: Lima da Silva Wilgner , Walker Marc , Ribas Rogério M. , Monteiro Robson S. , Kendrick Emma , Walton Richard I.
Published: October 2023

A new synthesis route to MnNb2O6 and the first report of Ca0.25Mn0.75Nb2O6 has been developed using different alkaline bases under hydrothermal conditions. The Li-ion storage mechanism of the materials varies with composition and morphology.
A novel synthesis of dihydrofuranyl alcohols through cascade reactions of 1,3-diketones with α,β-unsaturated epoxides
Authors: Yu Chengyu , Yue Guoren , Yan Penji , Song Hai , Shi Hucheng , Wei Yangfei , Song Zhengen , Jia Xin
Published: October 2023

A novel synthesis of highly functionalized dihydrofuranyl alcohols has been developed through a tandem process. These reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of a PTC, affording a variety of dihydrofuranyl alcohols in good yields of up to 97.1%.
Correction: In situ laser irradiation: the kinetics of the changes in the nonlinear/linear optical parameters of As50Se40Sb10 thin films for photonic applications
Authors: Sahoo D. , Priyadarshini P. , Dandela R. , Alagarasan D. , Ganesan R. , Varadharajaperumal S. , Naik R.
Published: October 2023

Correction for ‘In situ laser irradiation: the kinetics of the changes in the nonlinear/linear optical parameters of As50Se40Sb10 thin films for photonic applications’ by D. Sahoo et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 16015–16025, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02368C.
Bioengineered multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based biosensors and applications thereof
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Sidhu H. K. , Paul Ashok K. , Bhardwaj Neha , Thakur Neeraj S. , Deep Akash
Published: October 2023

The emergence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the past decade has greatly promoted the development of biosensors, which provide a possible alternative to conventional detection systems.
A Zn-MOF functionalized with alkyne groups: ultrasensitive detection of Cu+ and Pd2+ ions in aqueous medium
Authors: Aashish  , Gupta Ruchika , Gupta Rajeev
Published: October 2023

An alkyne-functionalized Zn-MOF functions as an ultrasensitive chemosensor for the detection of Cu+ and Pd2+ ions. The emission quenching is attributed to FRET due to the interaction of alkyne–π bonds with the d-orbitals of soft Cu+ and Pd2+ ions.
Chemical composition and bioactivity of hemp, reed canary grass and common reed grown on boreal marginal lands
Authors: Fidelis Marina , Tienaho Jenni , Brännström Hanna , Korpinen Risto , Pihlava Juha-Matti , Hellström Jarkko , Jylhä Paula , Liimatainen Jaana , Möttönen Veikko , Maunuksela Jyri , Kilpeläinen Petri
Published: October 2023

Biorefining potential assessment and characterisation of plant biomass fractions by two-stage extraction and selective isolation of extractives and hemicelluloses.
Amplification Effects on the Acoustic Change Complex in Older Adults With Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Shehorn James , Wong Bryan , Marrone Nicole , Cone Barbara K.
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

This pilot study evaluated the effect of stimulus level and amplification on the acoustic change complex (ACC) in adults with sensorineural hearing loss.

Method:

Ten adults with a
M
age
of 74 years and bilaterally symmetrical mild-to-severe sensorineural hearing loss listened to contrasting vowel pairs, while cortical evoked potentials were recorded. The vowel contrasts (/a/−/i/ and /u/−/o/) were presented in the sound field at 30 and 60 dBA. Participants were tested with and without amplification fit to their audiogram configurations. ACC component P1–N1–P2 latencies and P1–N1, N1–P2, and P2–N2 peak-to-trough amplitudes were measured for eight test conditions ([two vowel contrasts] × [two levels] × [aided vs. unaided]). Paired-sample
t
tests were used to determine the effects of test conditions on ACC component latencies and amplitudes.

Results:

At 60 dBA, nine of 10 listeners had ACCs in the unaided condition, and the ACC amplitudes were significantly increased in the aided condition for the /a/−/i/ contrast. Amplification did not affect ACC amplitudes for the /u/−/o/ contrast at 60 dBA. At 30 dBA, only three of 10 participants had ACCs present in the aided condition, and none had ACCs in the unaided condition. ACC latencies at 60 dBA were unaffected as a function of amplification, but differences were noted as a function of vowel contrast type.

Conclusions:

ACCs were obtained for adults with hearing loss, demonstrating the feasibility of measuring a listener's neural capacity to discriminate vowel contrasts. The data indicate promising efficacy for using the ACC to evaluate those who cannot provide reliable perceptual responses, such as in immaturity (infants) or neurocognitive conditions (dementia). The ACC provides evidence of the sensory and neural capacity to detect and discriminate vowel sound contrasts, a neuro-biological validation that can be coupled with electroacoustic verification.
Internal magnetic fields in 13 red giants detected by asteroseismology
Authors: Li Gang , Deheuvels Sébastien , Li Tanda , Ballot Jérôme , Lignières François
Published: October 2023

Context. Magnetic fields affect stars at all evolutionary stages. While surface fields have been measured for stars across the Hertzsprung–Russell (HR) diagram, internal magnetic fields remain largely unknown. The recent seismic detection of magnetic fields in the cores of several Kepler red giants has opened a new avenue to better understand the origin of magnetic fields and their impact on stellar structure and evolution.

Aims. The goal of our study is to use asteroseismology to systematically search for internal magnetic fields in red giant stars observed with the Kepler satellite, and to determine the strengths and geometries of these fields.

Methods. Magnetic fields are known to break the symmetry of rotational multiplets. In red giants, oscillation modes are mixed, behaving as pressure modes in the envelope and as gravity modes in the core. Magnetism-induced asymmetries are expected to be stronger for gravity-dominated modes than for pressure-dominated modes, and to decrease with frequency. Among Kepler red giants, we searched for stars that exhibit asymmetries satisfying these properties.

Results. After collecting a sample of ∼2500 Kepler red giant stars with clear mixed-mode patterns, we specifically searched for targets among ∼1200 stars with dipole triplets. We identified 13 stars exhibiting clear asymmetric multiplets and measured their parameters, especially the asymmetry parameter a and the magnetic frequency shift δνg. By combining these estimates with best-fitting stellar models, we measured average core magnetic fields ranging from ∼20 to ∼150 kG, corresponding to ∼5% to ∼30% of the critical field strengths. We showed that the detected core fields have various horizontal geometries, some of which significantly differ from a dipolar configuration. We found that the field strengths decrease with stellar evolution, despite the fact that the cores of these stars are contracting. Additionally, even though these stars have strong internal magnetic fields, they display normal core rotation rates, suggesting no significantly different histories of angular momentum transport compared to other red giant stars. We also discuss the possible origin of the detected fields.
An Automated System for Indian Currency Classification and Detection using CNN
Authors: Reddy K. Shyam Sunder , G. Ramesh , C. Raghavendra , C. Sravani , Kaur Manleenjot , R. Soujanya
Published: October 2023

The visibly disabled frequently experience difficulties with daily tasks that a typical person would take for granted, such as handling financial transactions. Since India’s demonetization took effect, accepting money has become a difficult task. Due to the similar dimensions of new cash banknotes and the fact that some old money banknotes are still in use, India now has two banknotes for every category. Due to the current situation, it is extremely difficult to identify banknotes for those who appear to be weak. The sight and brain are gifts to humans. Detecting things with the same qualities is practically impossible for persons who are sight impaired. In keeping with this, we suggest an automated system that would enable those who are visually impaired to recognize currency through a sound notification from a variety of applications. Therefore, in this quest, we help them locate the currency notes. In this study, we apply different convolution neural network (CNN) models to datasets of Indian banknotes in order to extract deep features and recognize different currencies. To train, verify, and test the CNN model, we can produce a fresh dataset of Indian banknotes. The proposed model may be created with TensorFlow, enhanced by choosing the best hyper parameter value, and evaluated against well-established CNN architectures using transfer learning.
Optimizations of Process Parameter for Erosion Wear Using Sustainable Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Khatkar Monika , Sharma Kriti , Bhakhar Ruchika , Chaudhary Prashant , Sateesh N. , Ramesh G. , Chhabra Soosan , Maithili K.
Published: October 2023

Aim of current study is to utilize different sustainable artificial intelligence (AI) tools to check the influence of test factors on erosion wear. Bottom ash is taken as erodent at different solid concentration while brass is considered as base material. The parameters involved are rotational speed (N), solid concentration (CW), and testing time duration (T). According to experimental results and analysis based on different AI tools , it is abundantly found that erosion wear have a significant dependency on parameters such as N, CW, T and the order of maximum erosion was found as N > CW >T. The rate of rotation speed (N) has been identified as the factor that has the greatest impact on the degree to which erosion wear occur. 3D analysis has been conducted for the maximum and minimum erosion wear condition. In order to verify the accuracy, four distinct methods are utilized; nonetheless, the accuracy of the regression analysis has been found more promising when compared to that of the Ridge, lasso and neural network methodologies.
Anaerobic co-digestion of alkali-pretreated groundnut shells and duck waste for methane yield optimization and sustainable environment
Authors: Olatunji Kehinde O. , Madyira Daniel M.
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the effect of the anaerobic co-digestion of duck waste and alkali-pretreated groundnut shells at mesophilic temperature for methane yield optimization and waste management. Co-digestion of duck waste and alkali-pretreated groundnut shells was carried out using 100, 75: 25, 50: 50, 25: 75, and 100% duck waste: alkali-pretreated groundnut shells in a laboratory-batch digester at mesophilic temperature. The results indicated that anaerobic co-digestion of duck waste and alkali-pretreated groundnut shells is possible since no negative influence was observed during the joint digestion. It was observed that co-digestion released higher methane yield compared to mono-digestion. The optimum cumulative methane yield of 290 mL CH4 g/ VSadded was recorded from a 75: 25% ratio of duck waste: alkali-pretreated groundnut shells. This mixing ratio improved methane yield by 38%. This study confirms that the anaerobic co-digestion of duck waste and alkalipretreated groundnut shells can produce low-carbon fuel and economical waste management to maintain a sustainable environment.
Experimental study of the high-order exceptional points in a four-state non-Hermitian microwave meta-atoms system
Authors: Ding Yaqiong , Liu Xiaoyu , Tong Yuanwei , Dong Lijuan
Published: October 2023

Non-Hermitian degeneracies, also known as exceptional points, have recently attracted increased attention due to their enhanced sensitivity and distinct topological features. We realize the non-Hermitian system experimentally using four coupled microwave meta-atoms with asymmetric losses. By tuning eigenfrequencies and dissipative losses of meta-atoms, we obtain both theoretically and experimentally that multiple EPs can collide and merge, leading to higher-order singularities much richer than those seen in two-state systems. These findings are expected to enrich our understanding of EP physics and provide a robust foundation for the exploration of high-order EP applications.
The high-Q static scattering of 3-methyl pyridine/D2O mixtures without and with antagonistic salt
Authors: Frielinghaus Henrich , Dubey Purushottam S. , Shin Eunjoo , Odom Mary , Zolnierczuk Piotr , Wu Baho , Holderer Olaf , Heiden-Hecht Theresia , Sengers Jan V. , Förster Stephan
Published: October 2023

Here we focus on the high-Q small-angle neutron scattering where we observed deviations from an ideal power law Q−2. From theory, this deviation Δ arises from the critical correlation-function exponent ηd in d dimensions. The investigated systems were 3-methyl pyridine/D2O without and with antagonistitc salt. They display the critical behavior of a 3d and 2d Ising system, respectively. In the first case, the value of Δ matches the ideal value η3 well, but in the latter case the value of Δ is affected by the two confined dimensions and the third dimension.
Häufigkeit chronischer Schmerzen nach Arbeitsunfall –
Eine erste Statuserhebung im BG-lichen Heilverfahren einer
Tertiärklinik
Authors: Kruppa Christiane , Maier Christoph , Dietrich Johannes W. , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Kaisler Miriam , Meyer-Frießem Christine H.
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund Chronischer Schmerz ist nach Unfällen und Operationen
eine Langzeitkomplikation, deren Relevanz für Patienten im BG-lichen
Heilverfahren in Deutschland kaum untersucht ist.

Fragestellung Erste Statuserhebung der Häufigkeit chronischer
Schmerzen nach Arbeitsunfall.

Methoden In 2017 wurden chirurgisch-stationäre BG-Patienten
(18–65 J.) eines Tertiärkrankenhauses zu chronischen
Schmerzen, die seit einem BG-lich anerkannten Trauma bestanden (Intervall
2,8±6,9 Jahre), ungeachtet einer stattgehabten Versorgung, erstmalig zum
Zeitpunkt eines Krankenhausaufenthalts und dann telefonisch 6 Monate
später befragt. Der Fokus lag auf Patienten mit einem Arbeitsunfall (A)
innerhalb des letzten Monats oder (B) >6 Monaten. Primäres
Outcome: Häufigkeit arbeitsunfallbedingter chronischer Schmerzen
(>6 Monate) zum Initialinterview (Punktprävalenz),
sekundäre Outcomes: Häufigkeit einer Chronifizierung nach 6
Monaten (A) und Persistenz chronischer Schmerzen (B). Tertiäre Outcomes:
Arbeitsfähigkeit, Verletzungsartenverfahren, Auswirkungen anhand
Schmerzintensität, -lokalisation und -medikation,
Funktionseinschränkung in Abhängigkeit der Existenz chronischer
Schmerzen sowie Komorbidität.

Ergebnisse 415 Patienten wurden eingeschlossen, 85%
(160/188) berichteten von unfallabhängigen chronischen Schmerzen
(überwiegend mittlere bis sehr starke Intensität, an Gelenken
und Knochen lokalisiert). 90% (131/145) gaben diese Schmerzen
auch sechs Monate später an. 67% (64/96) gaben erstmalig
chronische Schmerzen an. Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen zum Follow-up
(281/369) nahmen seltener ihre Berufstätigkeit wieder auf
(p=0,003), in 60% Analgetika ein, waren öfter komorbide
(p<0,002) und stärker in ihrer
Extremitätenfunktionalität beeinträchtigt
(p<0,002).

Schlussfolgerung Auch wenn die Ergebnisse als vorläufig zu
bewerten sind, scheinen chronische Schmerzen nach Arbeitsunfall sehr
häufig und beeinflussen die Wiederherstellung der
Arbeitsfähigkeit langfristig negativ. Anhand der vorliegenden
anamnestischen Zahlen ist eine weiterführende differenzierte
Reevaluation prospektiver Daten unter Beachtung therapeutischer
Maßnahmen dringend anzuraten.
Multiresistente Keimbesiedelung bei ukrainischen Kriegsverletzten:
Notwendigkeit zur multimodalen Therapie
Authors: Demmer Wolfram , Aranda Irene Mesas , Wiggenhauser Paul Severin , Braig David , Gilbert Fabian , Giunta Riccardo
Published: October 2023

Der Fallbericht beschreibt die interdisziplinäre Behandlung einer
komplexen Granatsplitterverletzung des rechten Femurs bei einem
18-jährigen ukrainischen Soldaten. Die offene mehrfragmentäre
Defektfraktur des Femurs mit Substanzdefekt und Osteomyelitis wurde durch
mehrere multiresistenten Bakterien, u. a. Acinetobacter baumanii,
verkompliziert, welche durch eine mehrfache Antibiotikatherapie nicht eradiziert
werden konnte. Keimfreiheit konnte erst durch mehrfaches radikales Debridement
und lokale Spül-Vakuum-Therapie mit hypochloriger Säure erreicht
werden. Anschließend wurde das Femur mit einem chimären
Double-Barrel-Fibula-Lappenplastik rekonstruiert. Dieser Bericht unterstreicht
die Bedeutung multimodaler antimikrobieller Wundbehandlungen in Zeiten
zunehmender Antibiotikaresistenzen, um die plastisch-rekonstruktive Therapie zu
ermöglichen.
Dilemma of Epigenetic Changes Causing or Reducing Metabolic Disorders
in Offsprings of Obese Mothers
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Bhonde Ramesh
Published: October 2023

Maternal obesity is associated with fetal complications predisposing later to the
development of metabolic syndrome during childhood and adult stages. High-fat
diet seems to influence individuals and their subsequent generations in
mediating weight gain, insulin resistance, obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes,
and cardiovascular disorder. Research evidence strongly suggests that epigenetic
alteration is the major contributor to the development of metabolic syndrome
through DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression. In this
review, we have discussed the outcome of recent studies on the adverse and
beneficial effects of nutrients and vitamins through epigenetics during
pregnancy. We have further discussed about the miRNAs altered during maternal
obesity. Identification of new epigenetic modifiers such as mesenchymal stem
cells condition media (MSCs-CM)/exosomes for accelerating the reversal
of epigenetic abnormalities for the development of new treatments is yet another
aspect of the present review.
Suizide unter Kindern, Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen
während der COVID-19-Pandemie – Eine Analyse von Polizeidaten
aus drei Bundesländern
Authors: Papsdorf Rainer , Genuneit Jon , White Lars Otto , Radeloff Daniel Matthias
Published: October 2023

Zielsetzung Von der COVID-19-Pandemie waren junge Menschen stark
betroffen, was zu erhöhter psychischer Belastung und steigenden
Prävalenzraten für psychische Störungen geführt
hat. Es besteht die Sorge, dass neben einem beobachteten Anstieg der
Suizidversuche auch die Suizide zugenommen haben.

Methode Die Studie basiert auf der Polizeilichen Kriminalstatistik
(01/2017 bis 12/2022) von drei
Flächenbundesländern in Deutschland, die 13 % der
Gesamtbevölkerung Deutschlands repräsentieren. Die Suizidzahlen
und -raten für die Altersgruppen der Kinder, Jugendlichen,
Heranwachsenden und jungen Erwachsenen wurden mit Hilfe von Chi-Quadrat-Tests
zwischen dem präpandemischen und dem pandemischen Zeitraum
verglichen.

Ergebnisse 860 Personen unter 30 Jahren starben durch Suizid. Die
Suizidraten unterschieden sich in keiner der untersuchten Altersgruppen zwischen
dem präpandemischen und dem pandemischen Zeitraum.

Schlussfolgerung Bislang ist kein Anstieg der Suizide unter jungen
Deutschen zu erkennen. Ein kontinuierliches Suizidmonitoring wird empfohlen.
Skeletal Rearrangements Involving Cyclopropyl- and Alkene-Stabilized Silylium Ions
Authors: Long Peng-Wei , He Tao , Klare Hendrik F. T. , Oestreich Martin
Published: October 2023

This Account summarizes the fascinating chemistry of cyclopropyl-stabilized silylium ions, which are readily available from vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs). Depending on the nucleophilic partner, these reactive intermediates undergo direct ring opening or ring expansion to nonclassical alkene-stabilized silylium ions. The latter can also be accessed by gold as well as proton electrophiles from silicon compounds containing unsaturated C–C bonds. All these reaction cascades can be terminated by C–H or C–C as well as Si–O bond formation. From this, a clearer picture of the versatility of these rather complex chemistries emerges.

1 Introduction

2 Skeletal Rearrangements of Vinylcyclopropanes Involving Cyclopropyl-Stabilized Silylium Ions

2.1 Termination by C–H Bond Formation

2.2 Termination by C–C Bond Formation

3 Related Bond Reorganizations Involving Alkene-Stabilized Silylium Ions

3.1 Initiation by Cationic Gold(I) Complexes

3.2 Initiation by Brønsted Acids

4 Conclusion
Hyperventilation and Seizures: Not a New Sense: A Literature Review
Authors: Rana Mandeep , Steenari Maija , Shrey Daniel
Published: October 2023

Hyperventilation and seizures have a long association in the clinical literature and were known to have a relationship long before the electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to record changes in brain activity. As the use of EEG recording progressed, hyperventilation was the first activation method used to assist with diagnosis of epilepsy. Along with slowing of brain activity, hyperventilation can activate epileptiform spiking activity in patients with epilepsy. Currently, hyperventilation is used in standard practice to assist with the diagnosis of epilepsy during EEG recording. Hyperventilation activates epileptiform spiking activity more often than seizures but can trigger clinical seizures in up to 50% of patients with generalized epilepsy. It is more likely to trigger events in children with absence seizures than adults, and it acts as a trigger in patients with focal epilepsy far less often. However, while some clinicians suggest that its diagnostic value is limited, especially in adults with focal epilepsies, others suggest that it is simple, safe, and an important diagnostic tool, even in these patients. This review presents the history of hyperventilation and seizures, its use in the clinical practice, and possible mechanisms involved.