bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first experience of laser lithotripsy in sialolithiasis
Authors: Zhuchkova Darya V. , Sysolyatin Svyatoslav P. , Bannikova Kseniya A.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. The current limits of endoscopic removal of sialolithes are limited to 3-5mm, larger sialolithes require crushing, but an effective and safe technology has not yet been found. The solution to this problem is primarily related to the technologies of shock wave lithotripsy. Currently, various methods of lithotripsy using extracorporeal and intracorporeal sources are described in the literature. The positive experience of urological laser lithotripsy served as the basis for our study of the possibilities of using the thule laser device FiberLase U2 for the fragmentation of sialolithes. Materials and Methods. The study included 16 clinical observations of patients diagnosed with sialolithiasis who underwent sialoendoscopy with additional application of the technique of intra-c urrent crushing of the concretion with a thule laser device FiberLase U2 with subsequent extraction of fragments. Results and Discussion. Sialolithes were fragmented in all 16 clinical cases, regardless of shape and structure. Large fragments were removed using basket traps and endoscopic forceps. In 9 out of 16 observations, the operation ended with the complete removal of the stone and all its visible fragments (until the duct was completely cleaned). In 7 patients, fragments remained in the duct, which could not be removed. During the crushing process, we observed an undesirable effect of retrograde migration of the stone with a pulse impact, as well as the resulting suspension of small fragments and air bubbles complicated the visibility and the operation process. Also, in 3 cases, when the stone was destroyed, the laser beam hit the duct wall, which was accompanied by weak bleeding and for a while hindered endoscopic visibility and required active irrigation. Conclusion. At the first time, the technology of thule laser lithotripsy was used that made possible the destruction of sialolithes and remove stones larger than 5 mm. This approach expands the limits of endoscopic surgery of sialolithiasis. At the same time, there is a number of important problems that require further study and improvement of the method.
Immune reactivity features in post-burn dynamics
Authors: Azhikova Alfiya K. , Yasenyavskaya A. L. , Samotrueva M. A.
Published: May 2022

Relevance. To date, burn injury remains a complex type of damage to skin tissues. Along with local destructive and dystrophic phenomena, systemic changes in the body are observed. The aim of the study was the experimental study of the immune reactivity of the body of nonlinear rats under conditions of “burn” stress formed as a result of contact thermal trauma. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out on non-linear male rats with an average mass of 220 gr. The functional activity of the immune system of laboratory animals was evaluated on the basis of standard tests assessing the adaptability of the immune system. Results and Discussion. In an experimental study, it was found that in the dynamics of burn injury in laboratory animals, variable changes in the body’s immune reactivity were observed at the level of the cellular and humoral links of immunity, which was manifested by a decrease in the WGST index and an increase in the following indicators - antibody titer, phagocytic index (FI), phagocytic number (FF), leukocytic coefficient and number of leukocytes. The increased content of stick-n uclear forms indicated the activation of granulocytopoiesis, which determined the deregenerative nuclear shift of neutrophil granulocytes to the left. Along with these changes, a decrease in the mass of immune organs (thymus and spleen) was observed, which can be explained by the expression of accidental involution caused by intoxication against the background of a thermal burn. Conclusion. Under conditions of “burn” stress, an immune imbalance occurs in the form of activation of some and suppression of other links at different observation times. Thus, during the burn process, systemic immune changes taking place at the body level have a multi-d irectional dynamic character, which indicates the adaptive capabilities of the immune system.
Kompromisasi Kontradiksi Makna Tiupan Sangkakala dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Nur Ihsan , Arham Isra Fadhillah
Published: May 2022

The beginning of the apocalypse is when the first and second trumpets are blown. QS. al-Mu'minun verse 101 explains that after the trumpet blast, the two humans will be resurrected separately, kinship relations are no longer valid and there are no more questions. However, QS. Thaha verses 102-104 state that when he is resurrected, there are people who ask each other questions. This paper wants to discuss the interpretation of the scholars of the interpretation of the contradictions of the text of the verses about the blowing of the trumpet. The results showed that the trumpet blast in QS. al-Mu'minun verse 101 and Thaha verse 102-104 are both the second trumpet blast but in a different human context. QS. al-Mu'minun verse 101 talks about humans as a whole where when they are resurrected they are in their own state without any family relationship. While QS. Thaha verses 102-104 talk about the disbelievers and when they are resurrected they will have a blue face. The commentators interpret the textual contradiction of the verse by saying that humans do not speak when they are on their way to Padang Mahsyar and the condition of wondering occurs when humans are already in the Mahsyar field. Permulaan terjadi kiamat adalah ketika sangkakala pertama dan kedua ditiupkan. QS. al-Mu’minun ayat 101 menjelaskan bahwa setelah tiupan sangkakala kedua manusia akan dibangkitkan dalam keadaan sendiri-sendiri, tidak berlaku lagi hubungan kekerabatan dan tidak ada lagi yang bertanya-tanya. Namun, QS. Thaha ayat 102-104 menyatakan bahwa ketika dibangkitkan ada di antara manusia yang saling bertanya-tanya. Tulisan ini ingin mendiskusikan penafsiran ulama tafsir terhadap kontradiksi teks ayat-ayat tentang tiupan sangkakala. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yang dimaksud tiupan sangkakala pada QS. al-Mu’minun ayat 101 dan Thaha ayat 102-104 adalah sama-sama tiupan sangkakala yang kedua,  namun dalam konteks manusia yang berbeda. QS. al-Mu’minun ayat 101 berbicara tentang manusia secara keseluruhan dimana ketika dibangkitkan mereka dalam keadaan sendiri-sendiri tidak ada hubungan keluarga. Sedangkan QS. Thaha ayat 102-104 membicarakan tentang orang kafir dan ketika dibangkitkan mereka dalam keadaan wajah berwarna biru. Ulama tafsir memaknai kontradiksi tekstual ayat tersebut dengan mengatakan bahwa manusia tidak berkata-kata ketika berada dalam perjalanan menuju ke Padang mahsyar dan kondisi bertanya-tanya terjadi ketika manusia sudah berada di padang mahsyar.
O Brasil no Imaginário Coletivo
Authors: Caldeira de Fraga Larissa
Published: May 2022

Há mais de 500 anos o país é retratado pelo olhar do outro. As características brasileiras são evidenciadas na literatura e nos estudos de inúmeros pensadores. Este trabalho se propõe a identificar, através de um estudo bibliográfico, os imaginários sobre o Brasil traçados pelos autores Buarque (2013), Damatta (1986), Durand (1996), Pitta (2015), Silva (1996), Souza (2019) e Zweig (1960). Também foram realizadas entrevistas não estruturadas com os pesquisadores das teorias do imaginário Tacussel (2015) e Joron (2015). O imaginário coletivo sobre o país começou a ser dinamizado com a carta de Pero Vaz de Caminha, retratando o seu descobrimento e apresentou diferentes narrativas ao longo da história, do mito do futuro ao mito da mudança. Hoje as características do nosso espírito são reforçadas principalmente na mídia.
Treatment outcomes on neovascularization after CRAO treated with hyperbaric oxygen
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, U.S., Lifson Nicole , Salloum George ,   Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, U.S., Kurochkin Philip ,   Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, U.S., Bivona Michael ,   Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, U.S., Yin Han Y ,   Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, U.S., Alpert Samuel ,   Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York Upstate Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, U.S.
Published: May 2022

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a condition that causes sudden vision loss due to obstruction of the retinal artery, typically from a thrombotic or embolic source. It is often associated with atherosclerotic risk factors, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a history of cerebrovascular disease. CRAO often leads to a poor visual outcome as well as neovascularization of the iris, retina, and optic disc, which can exacerbate vision loss and cause pain. While there are several treatment modalities for CRAO, few have been proven to be effective in decreasing the effects of neovascularization. The use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is often used in the treatment of CRAO due to its ease of use and relatively benign side effect profile. This study aims to assess the degree of improvement in visual acuity (VA) and neovascularization following HBO2. Our data ultimately shows that 20% of patients developed neovascularization after HBO2 compared to 29.8% of those who did not undergo HBO2 (p<.05). Our findings suggest that HBO2 has a statistically significant protective effect against neovascularization and may improve long-term visual acuity.
Sociocultural Issues Experienced by Adults Learning Maltese as a Second Language
Authors: Żammit Jacqueline
Published: May 2022

The pedagogy of language has since time immemorial majored in the use of pens and other printed materials. However, there occurred a separation of the teaching culture into two major categories; the “big C” and “little c”, meaning high and popular culture. Over the years, advancements in various pedagogical techniques have made this boundary separating the two cultures thinner and thinner. It is now blurred with the result that one may not tell which teaching culture is applicable in various circumstances. The leading cause of these changes is sociocultural issues. Present-day evaluations of the humanities have caused a shift towards a broader view to accommodate anthropological and sociological approaches. This shift has also had an influence on the techniques which are used in teaching within the classroom setting. The current study focused on providing a comprehensive picture of various sociocultural problems affecting Maltese as a second language (ML2) pedagogy and the depth to which the reported sociocultural issues are significant to ML2 and any second language teaching and learning. This study investigated the challenges experienced by thirty-five ML2 adult learners. Participant interviews constituted the sole data collection tool. The participants, who came from all walks of life and spoke a variety of first language linguistic systems, including Semitic, Romance, Germanic, Slovanic, Indo-European, Indo-Aryan, and Indo-Iranian, experienced challenges regarding their linguistic abilities, culture shock, personalities, memory, and the teaching method. The current study was required to investigate challenges encountered by adult learners of ML2 and to make some recommendations for improving instruction for adult learners.
The Utilisation of Peer-Assisted Learning/Mentoring and Translanguaging in Higher Education
Authors: Meletiadou Eleni
Published: May 2022

The use of peer-assisted learning/mentoring (PALM) and translanguaging (TRL) as inclusive learning strategies to support students’ transition into Higher Education and enhance their wellbeing in the post-Covid era has not been widely explored. Lecturers express their deep concern about the mental health issues and lack of confidence an increasing number of learners have faced lately in the UK due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of the present study, 80 undergraduate multilingual students were involved in PALM tasks during which they could use their first language through translanguaging and English, the target language, for one academic semester. The main goal was to ensure they had equal opportunities to develop their oral fluency while preparing group presentations. Paired T-tests were used to compare students’ pre- to post-tests scores. In terms of this mixed-methods case study, the researcher also analyzed students’ reflective reports and the anonymous feedback learners provided thematically to explore their attitudes. Findings indicated that these two approaches enabled students to improve their academic performance significantly although learners felt uneasy at the beginning. The combination of these two methods created a psychologically safe space as learners gradually developed a personal relationship with their peers. In response to the need for more information, as regards the use of PALM activities and TRL with multilingual learners, this study intends to contribute student voice since the inclusion of learner opinion has been minimal. Recommendations for the successful implementation of these two instructional approaches in undergraduate courses and suggestions for further research are provided.
Laparoscopic versus open radical hysterectomy in early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma in FIGO2018: long-term survival outcomes after propensity score matching
Authors: Chen Chunlin , Liu Ping , Yin Zhaohong , Cui Zhumei , Kang Shan , Ji Mei , Li donglin , Chen Biliang , Zhan Xuemei , Zhang Yi , Zhao Weidong , Li Weili
Published: May 2022

Objective To compare long-term survival outcomes between laparoscopic
radical hysterectomy (LRH) and open radical hysterectomy (ORH) in
early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma under the new FIGO 2018 staging
guideline. Design Retrospective study Setting and population Early-stage
cervical adenocarcinoma received LRH and ORH; 47 Chinese hospitals.
Methods We matched patients with early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma in
the new FIGO 2018 staging guideline with known risk factors for
recurrence who underwent ORH and LRH. Main Outcome Measures 5-year
overall survival and 5-year disease-free survival rates Results In
total, 549 patients were enrolled in our study, including 235 patients
in LRH group and 314 in ORH group. After matching some factors that may
affect the prognosis, each group had 223 patients. There was no
difference in DFS between LRH and ORH in risk-adjusted analysis
(HR1.258, 95% CI: 0.507-3.125, P=0.621). There was no difference in OS
between LRH and ORH in risk-adjusted analysis (HR1.961, 95% CI:
0.536-7.183, P=0.309). LRH resulted in significantly lower estimated
blood loss (361.2 versus 165.3 ml, P < 0.001) and shorter
postoperative anal exhaust time (2.8 versus 2.5 days, P = 0.003) .
Intraoperative complication ( 2.7% versus 5.8%，P=0.101) and
postoperative complication ( 5.8% versus 6.3%, P=0.843) rates were
similar in the two groups. Conclusions LRH has comparable survival
outcomes with ORH and was associated with earlier recovery in
early-stage adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. LRH may be an
appropriate option for early-stage cervical adenocarcinoma compared with
ORH.
Supporting Information for "A Collapsible Soft Actuator Facilitates Performance in Constrained Environments"
Authors: Rogatinsky Jacob , Gomatam Kiran , Lim Zi Heng , Lee Megan , Kinnicutt Lorenzo , Duriez Christian , Thomson Perry , McDonald Kevin , Ranzani Tommaso
Published: May 2022

Complex environments, such as those found in surgical and
search-and-rescue applications, require soft devices to adapt to minimal
space conditions without sacrificing the ability to complete dexterous
tasks. Stacked Balloon Actuators (SBAs) are capable of large
deformations despite folding nearly flat when deflated, making them
ideal candidates for such applications. This paper presents the design,
fabrication, modeling, and characterization of monolithic, inflatable,
soft SBAs. Modeling is presented using analytical principles based on
geometry, and then using conventional and real-time finite element
methods. Both one and three degree-of-freedom (DoF) SBAs are fully
characterized with regards to stroke, force, and workspace.  Finally,
three representative demonstrations show the SBA’s small-aperture
navigation, bracing, and workspace-enhancing capabilities.
The existence and averaging principle for stochastic fractional differential equations with impulses
Authors: Zou Jing , Luo Danfeng , Li Mengmeng
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a class of stochastic fractional differential equations
(SFDEs) with impulses is considered. By virtue of the Monch’s fixed
point theorem and Banach contraction principle, we explore the existence
and uniqueness of solutions to the addressed system. Furthermore, with
the aid of the Jensen’s inequality, Holder inequality,
Burkholder-Davis-Gundy inequality, Gronwall-Bellman inequality and some
novel assumptions, the averaging principle of our considered system is
obtained. At the end of this paper, an example is provided to illustrate
the theoretical results.
A Simple Model of Internal and External Balance for Resource-Rich Developing Countries
Authors: Davies Martin H. , Schröder Marcel
Published: May 2022

The working paper examines how government take, which is the ratio of fiscal resource revenue to resource output, is an important determinant of internal and external balance in resource-rich developing countries (RRDCs). In the study, a simple theoretical model of internal and external balance incorporates the key features of RRDCs. It predicts that a fall in government take depreciates the equilibrium real exchange rate and lowers equilibrium absorption. The study looks into the need for RRDCs to convert vast natural resources into sustainable economic development, considering the impact of macroeconomic instability due to recurrent commodity boom-and-bust cycles.
New data on Maastrichtian fishes of the ‘Haţeg Island’
Authors: Trif Nicolae , Codrea Vlad
Published: May 2022

Some discoveries from the continental deposits of the paleogeographic landmass named the ?Ha?eg Island? complete the fossil record of the Maastrichtian fish fauna of Europe. Teeth belonging to the Lonchidiidae and three morphotypes of Teleostei indet. are reported herein, from the uppermost Cretaceous continental formations cropping out in the Ha?eg and Transylvanian sedimentary basins of Romania. These fishes document a terrestrial realm, where various aquatic environments occurred ca. 70 Ma ago, immediately after the ?Laramian? (latest Cretaceous) tectonic pulse. It is important to note the presence of a brackish water shark, reported for the first time in the Maastrichtian deposits of Romania. This advance in research argues for a higher Cretaceous fish diversity in Transylvania than previously suggested. Therefore, the ecology of the ancient vertebrate communities is better documented with elements unknown so far.
Influence of comorbidity on postoperative course and mortality in patients with hip fracture
Authors: Petrovic Dusan , Dimic Sasa , Bozovic Aleksandar , Tabakovic Dejan , Jovanovic Sasa
Published: May 2022

Introduction/Objective. Epidemiological research shows that we have a dramatic increase in the number of people with hip fractures, especially those over 65 years of age. The objectives of this study are to assess the association between preoperative comorbidity and the risk of postoperative complications and mortality and postoperative worsening of comorbid conditions and their relationship to mortality within one year of hip fracture surgery. Methods. In this retrospective study, from January 2018 until January 2020, 64 patients with hip fractures were operated on at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery in Kosovska Mitrovica. We monitored the number of comorbidities and their significance on the preoperative risk and the course of concomitant diseases in the postoperative period and one-year mortality after surgery, in patients with hip fractures. Results. We collected data on patients from the moment of admission to discharge from the hospital accompanied by medical histories, and after discharge after follow-up examinations, six months and one year from discharge. Of the total number of subjects, 23 (35.9%) had one or two comorbidities, most often of cardiac and neurological nature, in 25 patients (39.1%) we had three concomitant diseases, and in 11 (17.2%) four and more comorbidities. The mean age of the patients was 72.51 years (69?92 years). Conclusion. Approximately 45?60% of men and women who suffer a hip fracture have three or more comorbid states. In older people with hip fractures, the presence of three or more comorbidities is the strongest preoperative risk factor.
Infant Mesenchymal Stem Cell Insulin Action Is Associated With Maternal Plasma Free Fatty Acids, Independent of Obesity Status: The Healthy Start Study
Authors: Chaves Alec B. , Zheng Donghai , Johnson Jonathan A. , Bergman Bryan C. , Patinkin Zachary W. , Zaegel Vincent , Biagioni Ericka M. , Krassovskaia Polina , Broskey Nicholas T. , May Linda E. , Dabelea Dana , Houmard Joseph A. , Boyle Kristen E.
Published: May 2022

Preclinical rodent and nonhuman primate models investigating maternal obesity have highlighted the importance of the intrauterine environment in the development of insulin resistance in offspring; however, it remains unclear if these findings can be translated to humans. To investigate possible intrauterine effects in humans, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord tissue of infants born to mothers of normal weight or mothers with obesity. Insulin-stimulated glycogen storage was determined in MSCs undergoing myogenesis in vitro. There was no difference in insulin action based on maternal obesity. However, maternal free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, cord leptin, and intracellular triglyceride content were positively correlated with insulin action. Furthermore, MSCs from offspring born to mothers with elevated FFAs displayed elevated activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that infants born to mothers with elevated lipid availability have greater insulin action in MSCs, which may indicate upregulation of growth and lipid storage pathways during periods of maternal overnutrition.
Antibody-Mediated Targeting of a Hybrid Insulin Peptide Toward Neonatal Thymic Langerin-Positive Cells Enhances T-Cell Central Tolerance and Delays Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Lin Yong , Perovanovic Jelena , Kong Yuelin , Igyarto Botond Z. , Zurawski Sandra , Tantin Dean , Zurawski Gerard , Bettini Maria , Bettini Matthew L.
Published: May 2022

Thymic presentation of self-antigens is critical for establishing a functional yet self-tolerant T-cell population. Hybrid peptides formed through transpeptidation within pancreatic β-cell lysosomes have been proposed as a new class of autoantigens in type 1 diabetes (T1D). While the production of hybrid peptides in the thymus has not been explored, due to the nature of their generation, it is thought to be highly unlikely. Therefore, hybrid peptide-reactive thymocytes may preferentially escape thymic selection and contribute significantly to T1D progression. Using an antibody-peptide conjugation system, we targeted the hybrid insulin peptide (HIP) 2.5HIP toward thymic resident Langerin-positive dendritic cells to enhance thymic presentation during the early neonatal period. Our results indicated that anti–Langerin-2.5HIP delivery can enhance T-cell central tolerance toward cognate thymocytes in NOD.BDC2.5 mice. Strikingly, a single dose treatment with anti–Langerin-2.5HIP during the neonatal period delayed diabetes onset in NOD mice, indicating the potential of antibody-mediated delivery of autoimmune neoantigens during early stages of life as a therapeutic option in the prevention of autoimmune diseases.
Diabetic neuropathy in hands: An endemic complication waiting to unfold?
Authors: Sierra-Silvestre Eva , Andrade Ricardo J. , Schroeter Andrea C. , Bisset Leanne , Coppieters Michel W.
Published: May 2022

  

This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify the somatosensory dysfunction in the hand in people with diabetes with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) in hands; and explore early signs of nerve dysfunction in people with diabetes without DSPN in hands. The clinical diagnosis of DSPN was confirmed with electrodiagnosis and corneal confocal microscopy. Thermal and mechanical nerve function in the hand was assessed using Quantitative Sensory Tests. Measurements were compared between healthy participants (n=31), people with diabetes without DSPN (n=35), people with DSPN in feet but not hands (DSPN FEET ONLY; n=31); and people with DSPN in hands and feet (DSPN HANDS & FEET; n=28) using one-way between-group analyses of variance. The somatosensory profile of the hand in people with DSPN HANDS & FEET showed widespread loss of thermal and mechanical detection. This profile in hands is comparable to the profile in the feet of people with DSPN in feet. Remarkably, people with DSPN FEET ONLY already showed a similar profile of widespread loss of nerve function in their hands. People with diabetes without DSPN in feet already had some nerve dysfunction in their hands. These findings suggest that nerve function assessment in hands should become more routine in people with diabetes.
The Effect of Glucagon on Protein Catabolism During Insulin Deficiency - Exchange of Amino acids across Skeletal Muscle and the Splanchnic Bed
Authors: James Haleigh , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Manjunatha Shankarappa , Dasari Surendra , Lanza Ian R. , Klaus Katherine A. , Vella Adrian , Andrews James C. , Nair K. Sreekumaran
Published: May 2022

  

Transient insulin deprivation with concurrent hyperglucagonemia is a catabolic state that can occur in type 1 diabetes. To evaluate glucagon’s catabolic effect in the setting of its glucogenic effect, we measured the regional exchanges of amino-metabolites across muscle and splanchnic beds in 16 healthy humans during either somatostatin followed by glucagon or a saline infusion alone. Despite a >2-fold increase in the regional exchange of amino-metabolites by glucagon, whole body kinetics and concentrations of amino acids (AAs) remained stable. Glucagon increased the splanchnic uptake of not only gluconeogenic but also essential amino acids (EAAs) while increasing their release from the muscle bed. Regional tracer-based kinetics and 3-methyl-histidine release indicate that EAA release from muscle is likely caused by reduced protein synthesis rather than increased protein degradation. Furthermore, many metabolites known to affect insulin action and metabolism were altered by hyperglucagonemia including increase in branched amino acids and keto acids of leucine and isoleucine in arterial plasma. Further, an increase in arterial concentrations of α-aminoadipic acid arising from increased conversion from lysine in the splanchnic bed was noted. These results demonstrate that hyperglucagonemia during hypoinsulinemia increases net muscle protein catabolism and substantially increases the exchange of amino metabolites across splanchnic and muscle beds. 
Antibody-mediated targeting of a hybrid-insulin-peptide towards neonatal thymic Langerin+ cells enhances T cell central tolerance and delays autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Lin Yong , Perovanovic Jelena , Kong Yuelin , Igyarto Botond Z. , Zurawski Sandra , Tantin Dean , Zurawski Gerard , Bettini Maria , Bettini Matthew L.
Published: May 2022

  

Thymic presentation of self-antigens is critical for establishing a functional yet self-tolerant T cell population. Hybrid peptides formed through transpeptidation within pancreatic beta cell lysosomes have been proposed as a new class of autoantigens in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). While the production of hybrid peptides in the thymus has not been explored, due to the nature of their generation, it is thought to be highly unlikely. Therefore, hybrid peptide-reactive thymocytes may preferentially escape thymic selection and contribute significantly to T1D progression. Using an antibody-peptide conjugation system, we targeted the 2.5HIP hybrid peptide towards thymic resident Langerin+ dendritic cells to enhance thymic presentation during the early neonatal period. Our results indicated that anti-Langerin-2.5HIP delivery can enhance T cell central tolerance toward cognate thymocytes in NOD.BDC2.5 mice. Strikingly, a single dose treatment with anti-Langerin-2.5HIP during neonatal period delayed diabetes onset in NOD mice, indicating the potential of antibody-mediated delivery of autoimmune neo-antigens during early stages of life as a therapeutic option in the prevention of autoimmune diseases.
Infant mesenchymal stem cell insulin action is associated with maternal plasma free fatty acids, independent of obesity status: The Healthy Start Study
Authors: Chaves Alec B , Zheng Donghai , Johnson Jonathan A , Bergman Bryan C , Patinkin Zachary W , Zaegel Vincent , Biagioni Ericka M , Krassovskaia Polina , Broskey Nicholas T , May Linda E , Dabelea Dana , Houmard Joseph A , Boyle Kristen E
Published: May 2022

  

Preclinical rodent and non-human primate models investigating maternal obesity have highlighted the importance of the intrauterine environment for development of insulin resistance in the offspring; however, it remains unclear if these findings can be translated to humans. To investigate possible intrauterine effects in humans, we isolated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord tissue of infants born to mothers of normal weight (NW) or mothers with obesity (Ob). Insulin stimulated glycogen storage was determined in MSCs undergoing myogenesis in vitro. And there was no difference in insulin action based on maternal obesity. However, maternal free fatty acid concentration, cord leptin, and intracellular triglyceride content were positively correlated with insulin action. Furthermore, MSCs from offspring born to mothers with elevated FFA displayed elevated activation of the mTOR signaling pathway. Taken together, these data suggest that infants born to mothers with elevated lipid availability have greater insulin action in MSC, which may indicate upregulation of growth and lipid storage pathways during periods of maternal overnutrition.
Career Guidance Services to Form a Career Identity for Vocational High School Students
Authors: Karim Abdul , Sa'adah Nurus
Published: May 2022

Constraints and obstacles experienced by Vocational High School (SMK) students in the academic field are not only about the lack of information about the world of work or higher education, but the ability of SMK students in preparing their careers is still relatively low, students do not yet have a clear picture of their abilities, interests, and abilities. their goal. The purpose this a research is to form the career identity of students through career guidance services. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods through Counseling Guidance Actions (PTBK). Data analysis was obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation. Based on the results of interviews and observations in this study, there is a significant difference between before and after being given career guidance actions to form career identities for class XII students of SMK Darussalam Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi. Thus, students have a change in career identity after being given career guidance services, so it can be concluded that career guidance services can be used to form an identity in students' careers.
Pembelajaran Ipa Dengan Model Make A Match Berbasis Lingkungan Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa
Authors: Adriliyani Putu Ayu , Dantes Nyoman , Jayanta I Nyoman Laba
Published: May 2022

Hasil belajar IPA sebagian besar siswa yang masih rendah, mendorong perlunya menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Salah satu caranya, yaitu dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Make a Match berbasis Lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Make a Match berbasis Lingkungan terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD. Jenis penelitian ini yaitu Eksperimen Semu dengan desain penelitian Non-equivalent Posttest Only Control Group Design. Populasi pada penelitian adalah siswa kelas IV SD dengan jumlah 180 orang siswa. Sampel diambil dengan cara random sampling. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 44 orang siswa. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini mengunakan teknik tes berupa tes pilihan ganda. Data hasil belajar IPA yang diperoleh dianalisi menggunakan teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan uji-t diperoleh thitung = 2,97 dan taraf signifikan (2-tailed) = 0,01. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar IPA antara kelompok siswa yang dibelajarkan dengan model Make a Match berbasis lingkungan dengan kelompok siswa yang tidak dibelajarkan model Make a Match berbasis Lingkungan pada siswa kelas IV SD. Dengan demikian, penggunaan model pembelajaran Make a Match berbasis lingkungan akan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD. Implikasi penggunaan model Make a Match berbasis Lingkungan pada pembelajaran IPA, yaitu siswa menjadi lebih aktif dalam proses pembelajaran dan mampu menumbuhkan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah dan memotivasi siswa dalam belajar.
The Tuscan Contest. Neutrality, Trade and Diplomacy between England and Tuscany (1696-1704)
Authors:   , Morozzi Ubaldo
Published: May 2022

This thesis analyses the commercial and diplomatic relations between England and Tuscany through a case study, the Plowman case. The case developed between the end of the Nine Years’ War and the War of Spanish Succession. It began in 1696 when William Plowman, an English merchant residing in Livorno, asked Grand Duke Cosimo III of Medici to arm three ships to trade in the Levant. Tuscany was neutral in the conflict and the sovereign demanded the merchant not to harm any French vessel during his voyage. Plowman broke his promise and captured several French vessels. Cosimo III arrested the merchant and forced him to pay compensation to the French. Meanwhile the English government interceded in favour of Plowman, starting a complicated dispute between England and Tuscany that eventually brought them to the brink of war. The analysis of the Plowman case allows to assess the economic and political importance of the Mediterranean Sea and of the Tuscan port of Livorno at the end of the seventeenth century. Livorno was not only one of the most important trading centres in the Mediterranean but also a fully equipped military port and thus had fundamental strategic importance for England. The controversy was instrumentally used by England to impose its sovereignty over Tuscany with the aim of acquiring a privileged access to the port. The study of the Plowman controversy reveals the extraordinary case of Tuscan neutrality and this work will demonstrate how Tuscany was the first European state to apply a long-term neutrality policy. This thesis explores how a small state as Tuscany managed to preserve its neutrality intact and how trade could be used as an instrument for resolving international disputes. The analysis of the Plowman case also reveals how the Glorious Revolution had profound impact on the English administration and consequently on its diplomatic capabilities. Not only does this work show the challenge of re-establishing diplomatic relations with Catholic European countries, but also demonstrates how the regime change forced the English government to rely on inexperienced personnel, which were chosen more for their political affiliation rather than for their competence. Finally, the analysis of the Plowman case allows to significantly re-evaluate Tuscany at the end of the Seventeenth century. The Grand Duchy has been so far described as a weak and decadent country, but study of the controversy demonstrates instead how Tuscany played an important role in the European scenario both from an economic and political point of view.
Analisa Dampak Pemasangan Static Var Compensator (SVC) pada IPP PLTBg 2x1.5MW PT. Gree Energy Hamparan terhadap Sistem Distribusi 20kV Penyulang Rambutan
Authors: Priyana Fahrur Riza Priyana , Khairudin Khairudin , Purwasih Nining , Hakim Lukmanul
Published: May 2022

IPP PLTBg 2x1,5MW PT. Gree Energy Hamparan merupakan distributed generator yang sinkron ke sistem distribusi penyulang rambutan 20kV di kawasan sistem gardu induk PLN Seputih Banyak Lampung Tengah. Berdasarkan data operasi pembangkitan tahun 2021, IPP PLTBg 2x1,5MW PT. Gree Energy Hamparan hanya mampu menyuplai energi listrik sebesar 9,73GWh dari target 16,38GWh. Salah satu penyebab tidak tercapainya target suplai energi listrik adalah rendahnya Utilization Factor generator. Tegangan overvoltage pada penyulang rambutan ketika kondisi beban light load dan middle load mengakibatkan pengurangan daya pembangkitan generator. Pada penelitian ini, mengakomodir pemasangan SVC Medium Voltage 2,4MVAr untuk mekompensasi daya reaktif dan meregulasi tegangan ketika terjadi fluktuasi pembebanan. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi dan analisis, SVC MV 2,4MVAr secara teknis layak dan untuk dipasang pada busbar outgoing IPP PLTBg 2x1,5MW PT. Gree Energy Hamparan. Selain itu, pemasangan SVC MV 2,4MVAr berpotensi meningkatkan Utilization Factor generator sebesar 8,57% dan meningkatkan produktivitas generator serta mencegah timbulnya energy loss.

Kata kunci – PLTBg, Utilization Factor, SVC, Overvoltage
ESTIMASI MATRIK INFORMASI LALU LINTAS MODEL GRAVITY ASAL TUJUAN ANGKUTAN PRIBADI-UMUM
Authors: Roziqin Chairur
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi matrik asal tujuan (MAT) dengan memanfaatkan data-data sekunder seperti data sosio ekonomi, lintas harian rata-rata (LHR), waktu perjalanan (travel time), jaringan jalan dan kecepatan. Selama ini dalam pembuatan MAT selalu menggunakan data primer yang didapatkan dari survei asal-tujuan (O-D) yang dilakukan lima tahun sekali sehingga memerlukan biaya yang mahal dan waktu yang lama. Pembentukan matrik estimasi dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model kombinasi sebaran pergerakan yaitu Gravity dan pemilihan moda Multinomiallogit dalam kondisi pembebanan rute keseimbangan (model SPPM). Analisis perhitungan menggunakan program (Equilibre Multimode, Multimodal Equilibium) EMME2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pengujian statistik pada level arus angkutan pribadi menghasilkan R2 sebesar 0,27118 dan pada pengujian statistik pada level arus angkutan umum menghasilkan R2 sebesar 0,01044. Sedangkan pengujian statistik pada level matrik menghasilkan R2 sebesar 0,002. Tingkat kemiripan arus lalu lintas hasil pemodelan terhadap arus pengamatan sebesar 41,8 % dan arus lalu lintas aktual sebesar 50,9 %.
WATERSHED HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF JAKARTA EXTREME FLOODS
Authors: Satoshi Takizawa Anastasia Yunika Mukand Singh Babel
Published: May 2022

Jakarta flood is a routine event. It occurs annually in rainy seasons while extreme flood takes place approximately every five years. Various factors, from natural to man-induced and technical to non-technical ones, are involved in causing the detrimental impacts of the flood. Among those factors, the existence of Ciliwung as the main river flowing across Jakarta leads to the complication of the problem. This study analyzed the main hydrologic parameters, i.e. rainfall and river discharge in Ciliwung’s catchment area, to assess the extreme floods in Jakarta. Three extreme flood events, i.e. two events in 1996 and one event in 2002 were analyzed based on the rainfall data at five stations overall area of Jakarta and river discharge at four stations along Ciliwung. The result of analysis revealed the factors of main causes of the extreme events. Furthermore, it is expected that by considering the past record of similar events in various study reports, precautions could be developed to anticipate predictable impacts from such events in the future, and recommendations could be provided as alternatives to overcome the problem.Keywords: discharge, flood, hydrological analysis, rainfall, watershed
ANALISIS KEGAGALAN STRUKTUR BANGUNAN RUMAH TINGGAL DENGAN METODE ELEMEN HINGGA LINIER
Authors: Leny Elvira Yosafat Aji Pranata
Published: May 2022

Komponen utama penyusun struktur bangunan rumah tinggal adalah kolom dan balok. Dinding bata sebenarnya merupakan komponen struktur utama pula, namun sering diasumsikan sebagai komponen non-struktural dalam peraturan SNI 03-2847-2002, sehingga pada umumnya pengaruh kekuatan dan kekakuan dinding bata jarang diperhitungkan dalam perencanaan bangunan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat model rumah tinggal dua lantai secara 3D (bangunan eksisting) dengan metode elemen hingga. Analisis dibuat dengan pemodelan dua dimensi (elemen shell). Pemodelan rumah tinggal meliputi balok, kolom, pelat lantai, dinding bata, kusen dan tulangan balok. Beban yang direncanakan adalah beban gravitasi dan beban lateral (gempa), sehingga dapat diketahui pengaruhnya terhadap struktur rumah tinggal. Kemudian dipelajari dan dianalisis deformasi pada balok dan tegangan S11 yang terjadi pada balok, pelat lantai, dinding bata, kolom dan kusen. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah memperlihatkan bahwa lendutan yang terjadi pada semua balok masih memenuhi batasan lendutan ijin. Terjadi kegagalan pada beberapa daerah balok, dinding, dan lantai, dengan indikasi dari informasi besarnya tegangan (S11) yang terjadi telah melebihi batasan kuat tekan beton. Sedangkan hasil simulasi memperlihatkan bahwa tegangan (S22) yang terjadi pada kolom masih lebih kecil daripada nilai kuat tekan beton, sehingga kolom masih dalam kondisi kuat. Hasil simulasi memperlihatkan bahwa tegangan yang terjadi pada kusen lebih kecil daripada nilai kuat tarik dan kuat tekan kayu jenis meranti merah, sehingga kusen masih dalam kondisi utuh. Secara umum informasi kegagalan struktur pada bagian dinding bata menggambarkan bahayanya kerusakan rumah tinggal akibat gempa.
KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN ASPAL MODIFIKASI ASBUTON DAN ASPHALT RUBBER (AR) UNTUK INFRASTRUKTUR JALAN
Authors: Indriyati Eva Wahyu
Published: May 2022

Salah satu usaha mengurangi kerusakan jalan akibat beban yang berlebih adalah memodifikasi aspal dengan aspal yang lebih keras atau bahan kimia lain. Beberapa material yang digunakan untuk membentuk aspal modifikasi yang memiliki sifat reologi yang lebih baik adalah Asbuton dan serbuk ban bekas. Asbuton dipilih untuk meningkatkan sifat reologi aspal minyak Pen 60/70 karena sifat dasar Asbuton yang memiliki tingkat kekerasan yang lebih tinggi serta deposit yang sangat besar di daerah asalnya yaitu Pulau Buton. Sedangkan penggunaan serbuk ban bekas pada Asphalt Rubber (AR) didasari pada hasil penelitian terdahulu yang menunjukkan banyaknya kelebihan Asphalt Rubber (AR) dalam campuran beraspal, diantaranya meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap alur, meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap retak permukaan perkerasan, mengurangi fatigue/reflection cracking, menurunkan kepekaan terhadap temperatur, lebih awet sehingga menurunkan biaya pemeliharaan. Untuk dapat memperoleh gambaran dari perbaikan sifat reologi akibat penambahan Asbuton dan serbuk ban bekas dilakukan kajian dari hasil pengujian sifat reologi mekanistik dengan alat Dynamic Shear Rheometer pada aspal modifikasi Asbuton dan Asphalt Rubber (AR). Kesimpulan dari sisi sifat reologi mekanistik aspal modifikasi Asbuton dan Asphalt Rubber (AR) adalah bahwa kedua aspal modifikasi tersebut menghasilkan nilai Performance Grade (PG) yang lebih baik. Selanjutnya dari analisis terhadap kriteria kerusakan perkerasan, disimpulkan bahwa Asphalt Rubber (AR) memiliki ketahanan lebih baik terhadap deformasi permanen maupun terhadap retak lelah, sedangkan penambahan Asbuton pada aspal minyak Pen 60/70 akan meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap deformasi permanen, tetapi mengurangi ketahanan terhadap retak lelah.
PEMBUATAN PROGRAM AIRFUL 1.0 UNTUK MENENTUKAN KEBUTUHAN GEOMETRI RUNWAY, TAXIWAY, APRON DAN TERMINAL PENUMPANG
Authors: Hidayah Alidina Nurul , Adiningrum Cita
Published: May 2022

Bandar udara merupakan salah satu prasarana transportasi yang mempunyai peran yang sangat penting saat ini. Perkembangan angkutan udara yang pesat harus diimbangi dengan pengembangan bandar udara sehingga tujuan dari transportasi dapat terpenuhi. Dalam perencanaan, perancangan maupun pengembangan fasilitas bandar udara baik itu sisi udara (runway, taxiway, dan apron) maupun sisi darat (terminal penumpang) diperlukan banyak tabel dan rumus yang harus digunakan sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya kesalahan dalam proses analisis secara manual. Pemrograman komputer dalam pembuatan software prediksi kebutuhan runway, taxiway, apron dan terminal penumpang dapat dijadikan solusi agar proses analisis dapat dilakukan dengan cepat, tepat, dan teliti. Analisis pada fasilitas sisi udara (runway, taxiway dan apron) didasarkan pada pedoman ICAO (1999) sedangkan pada fasilitas sisi darat (terminal penumpang) didasarkan pada perpaduan beberapa pedoman seperti SKEP/347/XII/99, JICA(1992) dan IATA (1989). Software pemrograman yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Visual Basic 2010 berbasis Windows. Data yang digunakan untuk uji validitas merupakan data sekunder yang diambil dari penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Pada fasilitas sisi darat dan udara, data sekunder diambil dari tugas akhir yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya oleh Zulaekhah (2010) dan Setyana (2010) dengan studi kasus pada Bandara Ngurah Rai, Bali. Hasil uji validitas dari perbandingan antara analisis secara manual dan dengan menggunakan program AirFuLs 10 pada fasilitas bandar udara seperti runway, taxiway, apron dan terminal penumpang sebesar 0,000%. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa program AirFuLs 1.0 yang telah dibuat dapat dikatakan valid untuk digunakan.
Pengaruh Variasi Penentuan Kerapatan Bambu Petung terhadap Nilai Modulus Elastisitas Dinamis
Authors: Nurjanah Nurjanah , Awaludin Ali , Irawati Inggar Septhia
Published: May 2022

ABSTRAK: Pengujian untuk mengetahui kekuatan dari suatu material sangat penting dilakukan. Pengujian yang sering dilakukan yaitu dengan menggunakan metode statis dan dinamis untuk mencari nilai modulus elastisitas. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui nilai modulus elastisitas dinamis maka nilai kerapatan bambu harus diperhitungkan. Namun, struktur anatomi bambu yang sangat bervariasi dari bagian pangkal sampai ke bagian ujung bamboo mempersulit dalam perhitungan kerapatan bambu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur nilai kerapatan bamboo dengan menggunakan metode ISO dan metode Archimedes dan melihat pengaruhnya terhadap perhitungan nilai Modulus Elastisitas Dinamis bambu Petung.
OPTIMASI AIR IRIGASI PADA SUB PESANGGARAN KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI MENGGUNAKAN WEAP (WATER EVALUATION AND PLANNING)
Authors: Dewi Pratita , Yunarni Wiwik , Halik Gusfan
Published: May 2022

Water requirement in Pesanggaran is rice fields, while the availability of irrigation water is obtained from rainfall and irrigation discharge. The water balance is calculated by using a tool such as the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) where the results of the WEAP are in the form of a broad percentage of water coverage that can be covered (Coverage). The results of the WEAP calculation are in the form of Coverage as a reference in calculating profits for each year. Optimization in the Very Dry and Normal Year is the existing of where the start of planting begins in December period 1 while the optimize has the start of planting in the December period 3 in the Dry and Wet Season. WEAP optimization is seen in the number of Coverage values where the coverage value for a Dry Year before optimization is 99.34%, and after optimization is 100%, Wet Year before optimization is 99.1%, and after optimization is 100%, for Very Dry Year Coverage value is 95.69%, and Normal Year Coverage as 99.16%.