bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social network addiction and advertising on social networks: A case study of rural students in South Africa
Authors: Van Rhyne Zhikona , Chinyamurindi Willie , Cilliers Liezel
Published: July 2019

Background: There is growing evidence that social media addiction is an enduring problem among students. This information can be used by marketers to create specific advertisement campaigns for students to promote organisational branding.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the mediating role of psychological dependence between social networking sites (SNSs) addiction and attitude towards social networking advertising among a sample of rural students in South Africa.Method: This research adopted a positivist paradigm with a quantitative approach and a descriptive research design. Data were collected using questionnaires, which were distributed to 289 respondents residing within a rural community in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa.Results: This study found a relationship between: (1) perceived ease of use and habit, (2) perceived ease of use and psychological dependence, and (3) psychological dependence and attitude towards SNSs advertisement.Conclusion: Social media advertising should offer precise location-based targeting and data-driven users’ profiling, segmenting the target market according to preferences, likes and hobbies, through data mining and analytical interpretation of results as these are attributes that are not offered by traditional media.
Broadly Speaking
Authors: Van Oordt Moira
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
The post-laminectomy syndrome
Authors: Steffen Marge
Published: July 2019

Pre-operative patterns of pain and altered function have been found to persistpost-operatively following disc surgery. This article explores theoreticalconcepts which may provide a rationale for successful post-operative treatment.
Scoliosis - Plastic changes in spinal function of pre-pubescent scoliotic children engaged in an exercise therapy programme
Authors: Solberg Gill
Published: July 2019

Previous studies (Stone et al., 1979) of the effect of exercise therapy on scoliosis have demonstrated progression of spinal curves despite vigorous exercise regimens. This study presents evidence to the contrary.Ten South African black school children with mild scoliosis and attendant upper thoracic asymmetries were analysed both before and after a specific exercise therapy programme, in order to determine the effect of the therapy on spinal functionality and the scoliotic curve. The effect of this intensive treatment, in which the subjects underwent a five-month exercise training programme with a total of 60 one-hour sessions, was investigated in a controlled clinical trial.A subjective and objective appraisal of posterior trunk asymmetry in schoolchildren aged 7 -1 8 years is reported. Selected functional and anthropometric measurements were made before and after the treatment, and anteroposterior X-rays were used to indicate changes in the scoliotic curve. New methods are described for quantifying the scoliotic curves in each child.Post-treatment tests showed a significant (p) decrease in Cobb’s angles as well as a significant reduction in all the spinal and thoracic functional asymmetries observed in the study.The findings suggest that selective exercise programmes can contribute to improvement in cases of functional scoliosis. The study sheds new light on problems related to scoliosis and the benefits of exercise rehabilitation.Data on the incidence of scoliosis amongst 1052 black children are presented and discussed too.
Tennessee Williams in Sweden and France, 1945–1965
Authors: Gindt Dirk
Published: July 2019

The immediate post-war period marks a pivotal moment in the internationalization of American theatre when Tennessee Williams’ plays became some of Broadway’s most critically acclaimed and financially lucrative exports. Dirk Gindt offers a detailed study of the production and reception of Williams’ work on Swedish and French stages at the height of his popularity between 1945 and 1965. Analysing the national openings of seminal plays, including The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Orpheus Descending and Suddenly Last Summer, Gindt provides rich and nuanced insights into Williams’ transnational impact. In the process, he charts a network of fascinating and influential directors, actors, designers, producers and critics, all of whom left distinctive marks on mid-twentieth-century European theatre and culture. Gindt further demonstrates how Williams’ work foregrounded cultural apprehensions, racial fantasies and sexual anxieties, which resulted in heated debates in the critical and popular media.
Faith and Ethics
Authors: Lakhani M Ali
Published: July 2019

Shi`i Ismaili Muslims are unique in following for centuries a living, hereditary Imam (spiritual leader), whom they believe to be directly descended from the Prophet Muhammad. The Imam's duty has been to guide his community on the basis of Islamic principles adapted to the needs of the time. In this insightful book, M. Ali Lakhani examines how the ideas and actions of the current Ismaili Imam, and fourth Aga Khan, Prince Karim al-Husseini, provide an Islamic response to the challenges that face Muslims in the modern era. Prince Karim's programmes, implemented mainly through the broad institutional framework of the Aga Khan Development Network, are aimed at improving the quality of human life among the disadvantaged, regardless of their religion or ethnicity. Addressing global issues ranging from healthcare and education to culture and civil society, the Aga Khan's initiatives are founded on core Islamic principles and values. This book is the first to provide an extensive survey of the Aga Khan's aspirations, showing how the values of integrity and dignity are at the forefront of his work, with the traditional Muslim concepts of cosmopolitanism and social justice guiding his response to the stark challenges of the modern age. At a time when criticisms and misrepresentation surrounding Islam abound, Faith and Ethics explores the religion's universal principles and values, which the author holds to be central to the spiritual and ethical issues facing both Muslims and non-Muslims in the rapidly changing modern world. The book will be of special interest to scholars researching Islam, Muslim faith and ethics and the Ismailis, and to general readers wanting a deeper understanding of Islam.
Sa’di in Love
Authors: Katouzian Homa
Published: July 2019

In the breath that I die, for you I'll be longing/ Wishing to turn into the dust of your belonging’ – Sa'di, Expressions of Love. With poetry which speaks across the ages, Sa'di (1210-1281) is a vital classical poet and a towering figure of the medieval Persian canon. Comparable in skill and stature to other Persian poets such as Ferdowsi, Hafez, Rumi and Omar Khayyam, Sa'di's verses—best known through his ‘Bustan’ and ‘Golestan’ address universal themes of passion, love and the human condition in works which are both psychologically perceptive and beautifully crafted. His mystical writings, contemporaneous with Rumi, reveal a degree of depth, wisdom and insight which have placed Sa'di in the pantheon of world literature. In this essential new translation of Sa'di's work, leading expert on Iranian studies Homa Katouzian seeks to bring the poet's lyrics to a new readership. The book provides the Persian text and Katouzian's English translation side-by-side, creating an indispensible tool for students and enthusiasts of Iranian history, literature and culture.
High Heel
Authors: Brennan Summer
Published: July 2019

Best Fifteen Books of March 2019, Refinery29

Best Nonfiction Books of 2019, Paste Magazine

Object Lessons is a series of short, beautifully designed books about the hidden lives of ordinary things.

Fetishized, demonized, celebrated, and outlawed, the high heel is central to the iconography of modern womanhood. But are high heels good? Are they feminist? What does it mean for a woman (or, for that matter, a man) to choose to wear them?

Meditating on the labyrinthine nature of sexual identity and the performance of gender, High Heel moves from film to fairytale, from foot binding to feminism, and from the golden ratio to glam rock. Summer Brennan considers this most provocative of fashion accessories as a nexus of desire and struggle, sex and society, violence and self expression, setting out to understand what it means to be a woman by walking a few hundred years in her shoes.

Object Lessons is published in partnership with an essay series in The Atlantic
Sound Art Revisited
Authors: Licht Alan
Published: July 2019

The first edition of Sound Art Revisited (published as Sound Art: Beyond Music, Between Categories) served as a groundbreaking work toward defining this emerging field, and this fully updated volume significantly expands the story to include current research since the book’s initial release. Viewed through a lens of music and art histories rather than philosophical theory, it covers dozens of artists and works not found in any other book on the subject.

Locating sound art's roots across the centuries from spatialized church music to the technological developments of radio, sound recording, and the telephone, the book traces the evolution of sound installations and sound sculpture, the rise of sound art exhibitions and galleries, and finally looks at the critical cross-pollination that marks some of the most important and challenging art with and about sound being produced today.
Nocturnal boundary layer turbulence regimes analysis during the BLLAST campaign
Authors: Yus-Díez Jesús , Udina Mireia , Soler Maria Rosa , Lothon Marie , Nilsson Erik , Bech Joan , Sun Jielun
Published: July 2019

Abstract. A night-time turbulence regime classification, the so-called “HOckey-Stick Transition ” (HOST) theory, proposed by Sun et al. (2012) from the Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99) is explored using data from the Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) field campaign which took place during summer 2011 in the central French Pyrenean foothills. Results show that the HOST turbulence relationships for the BLLAST field campaign data are strongly dependent on both the meteorological and orographic features. The HOST pattern only appears for nights when a stably stratified boundary layer can be developed, corresponding to fair-weather and clear-sky nights, when the flow is generated by the nearby orography, from the south and the south-east. Those flows strongly influenced by the orography may generate intermittent or enhanced turbulence. When considering the whole nocturnal dataset for these flow directions, several enhanced turbulence points are found to be associated with sudden wind speed and directional shear transitions. In contrast, flows from other directions do not reproduce the HOST relationships and the turbulence relationship is almost linear, independent of vertical temperature gradients, corresponding to flows driven by synoptic scales. In addition we identify examples of gravity waves and top-down turbulent events that lead to transitions between the turbulence regimes.
Aerosol properties and their influences on low warm clouds during the Two-Column Aerosol Project
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Li Zhanqing
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Twelve months of measurements collected during the Two-Column
Aerosol Project field campaign at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, which started in
the summer of 2012, were used to investigate aerosol physical, optical, and
chemical properties and their influences on the dependence of cloud
development on thermodynamic (i.e., lower tropospheric stability, LTS)
conditions. Relationships between aerosol loading and cloud properties under
different dominant air-mass conditions and the magnitude of the first
indirect effect (FIE), as well as the sensitivity of the FIE to different
aerosol compositions, are examined. The seasonal variation in aerosol number
concentration (Na) was not consistent with variations in aerosol
optical properties (i.e., scattering coefficient, σs, and
columnar aerosol optical depth). Organics were found to have a large
contribution to small particle sizes. This contribution decreased during the
particle growth period. Under low-aerosol-loading conditions, the liquid
water path (LWP) and droplet effective radius (DER) significantly increased
with increasing LTS, but, under high-aerosol-loading conditions, LWP and DER
changed little, indicating that aerosols significantly weakened the
dependence of cloud development on LTS. The reduction in LWP and DER from
low- to high-aerosol-loading conditions was greater in stable environments,
suggesting that clouds under stable conditions are more susceptible to
aerosol perturbations than those under more unstable conditions. High
aerosol loading weakened the increase in DER as LWP increased and
strengthened the increase in cloud optical depth (COD) with increasing LWP,
resulting in changes in the interdependence of cloud properties. Under both
continental and marine air-mass conditions, high aerosol loading can
significantly increase COD and decrease LWP and DER, narrowing their
distributions. Magnitudes of the FIE estimated under continental air-mass
conditions ranged from 0.07±0.03 to 0.26±0.09 with a mean
value of 0.16±0.03 and showed an increasing trend as LWP increased.
The calculated FIE values for aerosols with a low fraction of organics are
greater than those for aerosols with a high fraction of organics. This
implies that clouds over regions dominated by aerosol particles containing
mostly inorganics are more susceptible to aerosol perturbations, resulting
in larger climate forcing, than clouds over regions dominated by organic
aerosol particles.
Can statistics of turbulent tracer dispersion be inferred from camera observations of SO2 in the ultraviolet?
Authors: Kylling Arve , Ardeshiri Hamidreza , Cassiani Massimo , Dinger Anna Solvejg , Park Soon-Young , Pisso Ignacio , Schmidbauer Norbert , Stebel Kerstin , Stohl Andreas
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Turbulence is one of the unsolved problems of physics. Atmospheric turbulence and in particular its effect on tracer dispersion may be measured by cameras sensitive to the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) sun-light by sulfur dioxide (SO2), a gas that can be considered a passive tracer over short transport distances. We present a method to simulate UV camera measurements of SO2 with a 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer model which takes input from a large eddy simulation (LES) of a SO2 plume released from a point source. From the simulated images the apparent absorbance and various plume density statistics (centerline position, meandering, absolute and relative dispersion, skewness, and fractal dimension) were calculated. These were compared with corresponding quantities obtained directly from the LES. Mean differences of centerline position, absolute and relative dispersion, and skewness between the simulated images and the LES were found to be smaller than a quarter of one camera pixel, with standard deviations between 1/2 and 3/2 camera pixel. Furthermore sensitivity studies were made to quantify how changes in solar azimuth and zenith angles, aerosol loading (background and in plume), and surface albedo impact the UV camera image plume statistics. Changing the values of these parameters within realistic limits have negligible effect on the centerline position, meandering, absolute and relative dispersions, and skewness of the SO2 plume. Thus, we demonstrate that UV camera images of SO2 plumes may be used to derive plume statistics of relevance for the study of atmospheric turbulent dispersion.
Reviews and syntheses: Greenhouse gas exchange data from drained organic forest soils – a review of current approaches and recommendations for future research
Authors: Jauhiainen Jyrki , Alm Jukka , Bjarnadottir Brynhildur , Callesen Ingeborg , Christiansen Jesper R. , Clarke Nicholas , Dalsgaard Lise , He Hongxing , Jordan Sabine , Kazanavičiūtė Vaiva , Klemedtsson Leif , Lauren Ari , Lazdins Andis , Lehtonen Aleksi , Lohila Annalea , Lupikis Ainars , Mander Ülo , Minkkinen Kari , Kasimir Åsa , Olsson Mats , Ojanen Paavo , Óskarsson Hlynur , Sigurdsson Bjarni D. , Søgaard Gunnhild , Soosaar Kaido , Vesterdal Lars , Laiho Raija
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones are believed to be significant sources of the greenhouse gases (GHG) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), but the annual fluxes are still highly uncertain. Drained organic soils exemplify systems where many studies are still carried out with relatively small resources, several methodologies and manually operated systems, which further involve different options for the detailed design of the measurement and data analysis protocols for deriving the annual flux. It would be beneficial to set certain guidelines for how to measure and report the data, so that data from individual studies could also be used in synthesis work based on data collation and modelling. Such synthesis work is necessary for deciphering general patterns and trends related to, e.g., site types, climate, and management, and the development of corresponding emission factors, i.e., estimates of the net annual soil GHG emission/removal, which can be used in GHG inventories. Development of specific emission factors also sets prerequisites for the background or environmental data to be reported in individual studies. We argue that wide applicability greatly increases the value of individual studies. An overall objective of this paper is to support future monitoring campaigns in obtaining high-value data. We analysed peer-reviewed publications presenting CO2, CH4 and N2O flux data for drained organic forest soils in boreal and temperate climate zones, focusing on data that have been used, or have the potential to be used, for estimating net annual soil GHG emission/removals. We evaluated the methods used in data collection, and identified major gaps in background/environmental data. Based on these, we formulated recommendations for future research.
The FireWork v2.0 air quality forecast system with biomass burning emissions from the Canadian Forest Fire Emissions Prediction System v2.03
Authors: Chen Jack , Anderson Kerry , Pavlovic Radenko , Moran Michael D. , Englefield Peter , Thompson Dan K. , Munoz-Alpizar Rodrigo , Landry Hugo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Biomass burning activities can produce large quantities
of smoke and result in adverse air quality conditions in regional
environments. In Canada, the Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC)
operational FireWork (v1.0) air quality forecast system incorporates
near-real-time biomass burning emissions to forecast smoke plumes from fire
events. The system is based on the ECCC operational Regional Air Quality
Deterministic Prediction System (RAQDPS) augmented with near-real-time
wildfire emissions using inputs from the Canadian Forest Service (CFS)
Canadian Wildland Fire Information System (CWFIS). Recent improvements to
the representation of fire behaviour and fire emissions have been
incorporated into the CFS Canadian Forest Fire Emissions Prediction System
(CFFEPS) v2.03. This is a bottom-up system linked to CWFIS in which hourly
changes in biomass fuel consumption are parameterized with hourly forecasted
meteorology at fire locations. CFFEPS has now also been connected to
FireWork. In addition, a plume-rise parameterization based on fire-energy
thermodynamics is used to define the smoke injection height and the
distribution of emissions within a model vertical column. The new system,
FireWork v2.0 (FireWork–CFFEPS), has been evaluated over North America for
July–September 2017 and June–August 2018, which are both periods when western Canada
experienced historical levels of fire activity with poor air quality
conditions in several cities as well as other fires affecting northern
Canada and Ontario. Forecast results were evaluated against hourly surface
measurements for the three pollutant species used to calculate the Canadian
Air Quality Health Index (AQHI), namely PM2.5, O3, and NO2,
and benchmarked against the operational FireWork v1.0 system (FireWork-Ops).
This comparison shows improved forecast performance and predictive skills
for the FireWork–CFFEPS system. Modelled fire-plume injection heights from
CFFEPS based on fire-energy thermodynamics show higher plume injection
heights and larger variability. The changes in predicted fire emissions and
injection height reduced the consistent over-predictions of PM2.5 and
O3 seen in FireWork-Ops. On the other hand, there were minimal fire
emission contributions to surface NO2, and results from FireWork–CFFEPS
do not degrade NO2 forecast skill compared to the RAQDPS. Model
performance statistics are slightly better for Canada than for the US,
with lower errors and biases. The new system is still unable to capture the
hourly variability of the observed values for PM2.5, but it captured
the observed hourly variability for O3 concentration adequately.
FireWork–CFFEPS also improves upon FireWork-Ops categorical scores for
forecasting the occurrence of elevated air pollutant concentrations in terms
of false alarm ratio (FAR) and critical success index (CSI).
PatCC1: an efficient parallel triangulation algorithm for spherical and planar grids with commonality and parallel consistency
Authors: Yang Haoyu , Liu Li , Zhang Cheng , Li Ruizhe , Sun Chao , Yu Xinzhu , Yu Hao , Zhang Zhiyuan , Wang Bin
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Graphs are commonly gridded by triangulation, i.e., the
generation of a set of triangles for the points of the graph. This technique
can also be used in a coupler to improve the commonality of data
interpolation between different horizontal model grids. This paper proposes
a new parallel triangulation algorithm, PatCC1 (PArallel
Triangulation algorithm with Commonality and parallel
Consistency, version 1), for spherical and planar grids.
Experimental evaluation results demonstrate the efficient parallelization of
PatCC1 using a hybrid of MPI (message passing interface) and OpenMP (Open Multi-Processing). They also show PatCC1 to have
greater commonality than existing parallel triangulation algorithms (i.e.,
it is capable of handling more types of model grids) and that it guarantees
parallel consistency (i.e., it achieves exactly the same triangulation
result under different parallel settings).
RAINFALL IMPLICATIONS FOR FOOD PRODUCTION IN INDIA: WHEN AND WHERE
Authors: Ghosh N. , Rajeshwor M. , Preeti A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Early outlook on food production is important for policy making and can be formed on the basis of the recorded rainfall. Simplistically, a good monsoon produces a bumper harvest and scanty rainfall causes crop failure. Econometric modelling of past data shows that the reality is much more complex. Food production in a state is sensitive to rainfall in the state as well as other states depending on geography. Rainfall distribution in the growing season and pre-sowing months can matter significantly. Moreover, the rainfall effect can be favorable as well as adverse. In the sample period, sowing and growing season rainfall in the state had little favorable effect on area and yield in Punjab and its effect on Rice yield was even harmful in Punjab and West Bengal. Rainfall in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh however had beneficial effects on the respective state’s and on each’s other production. Rainfall in the Himalayas is a powerful impact on food production resulting from river dynamics and water management but the dominance of adverse effect over beneficial ones is a sign of poorly managed upstream downstream linkages. Because production is sensitive also to economic variables, the government, which can modulate subsidies and support prices, also has control over food production. Improving efficiency of water distribution with an integrated geographical perspective can also be a potent public instrument for production planning.
SPATIALISATION OF RICE GROWTH AND YIELD MODEL USING OPTICAL AND SAR DERIVED BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: Biswal A. , Srikanth P. , Murthy C. S. , Rao P. V. N.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Integration of remote sensing derived biophysical parameters with process based crop growth simulation model is an emerging technology with diversified application for crop insurance as well as precision farming. Basically the crop growth simulation models are point based which simulate crop growth and yield as a function of soil, weather and crop management factors at a daily time scale. The temporal dimension of the crop growth model is supplemented by the spatial information on crop coverage and condition generated from remote sensing satellite derived biophysical parameters. In the present study an attempt is made to simulate pixel wise rice crop growth, condition and yield using Sentinel1 SAR, AWiFS/Landsat8 OLI and MODIS data with CERES rice growth simulation model on DSSAT platform. Temporal SAR data provides pixel wise start of season for rice crop at a spatial resolution of 10 m. Spectral indices derived from Landsat8/AWiFS and MODIS optical images are used for characterisation of rice growth environment and at the same time these indices are used to generate crop management information like irrigation and sowing dates. Bhadrak district of Odisha in the eastern coast of India is selected as the study area based on the prevalence of diversified rice growing environments. Sufficient in season field data are collected for checking the accuracy of rice map as well as for calibration and validation of the crop growth model. In season rice growth is initialised using SAR derived staggered sowing dates along with daily weather data and soil inputs. As CERES crop growth models are running well on DSSAT environment, rice crop growth simulation is carried out using multi date SAR images on DSSAT platform. The output of this study is maps depicting the spatial variability in rice area, staggered sowing dates and irrigation in the study region. These in season information are crucial for decision making particularly for crop insurance related activities.
SPECTRO-RADIOMETER AND SPECTRAL INDICES BASED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR MANGO TREE LEAVES IN AND AROUND IIT ROORKEE CAMPUS, INDIA
Authors: Pandey A. , Jain K.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Cities require and use large quantities of energy and materials, metabolizing them and generating large quantities of waste products and pollutants, resulting in unsustainable urban environments. This polluted urban environment adversely affects ecological integrity and develop stress for different planting sites. Research is needed to evaluate the relative tolerance of tree species against changing urban ecological conditions with specific environment pollutants. The current state of art examines effects of air pollution on four major biochemical perimeters of tree health i.e. chlorophyll content, water content, carotenoid content and anthocyanin content. A Spectro-radiometer and remote sensing indices integrated approach is used to evaluate the impact of deteriorating air quality on mango tree planted in and around the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, campus. Four different Vegetation Indices content (Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices, modified normalized difference vegetation index, simple ratio and modified simple ratio) are used for estimate chlorophyll. Five different Water indices (Water index, Normalized water indices-1, Normalized water indices-2, Normalized water indices-3 and Normalized water indices-4) are used for estimating water content. Five different photochemical information indices (Carotenoid concentration index, photochemical reflectance index, Plant senescencing reflectance Index, and Carotenoid concentration index) are used for enumerate carotenoid content. Three different Anthocyanin Reflectance Indices (Modified Anthocyanin Content Index, Anthocyanin Reflectance Index and Modified Anthocyanin Reflectance Index) are used for determining anthocyanin content.
GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION IN LOCAL LEVEL LAND USE PLANNING IN NEPAL
Authors: Mandal U. K. , Kumari K.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Even though planning process particularly economic development plan and its implementation in Nepal has been initiated with first five-year plan in 1952/54, land resource planning was overshadowed and only regional level data base on land use, land system and land capability were produced by Land Resource Mapping Project in 1983/84 and made available for planners and decision makers for sectoral planning in regional scale. During past, different policies and national planning efforts were made for balanced use of country’s existing natural resources but Nepal has not practiced land-use planning for the country as a whole at local level. It is initiated only after ninth five year plan (1997–2002) with the establishment of National Land Use Project under Ministry of Land Reform and Management and formulation of National Land Use Policy 2013 and its revision in 2015 after devastating earthquake. Land use council, Land use technical committee, District level land use monitoring committee and VDC/municipality level land use committee are institutional set ups for implementing planning works done by National Land Use Project at district and local levels. Resource maps produced by different international agency associated with India, Canada, USA, Japan and Finland were worked as basis for formulation of local level land use plans. Presently National Land Use Project (NLUP) has prepared land resources maps, geo-database and reports covering almost half of total VDCs of the country moreover in Terai region. Seven components of land resources management required for local level land use planning are present land use map, soil map, land capability map, hazard risk map, land use zoning map, cadastral superimpose on land use zoning map along with its geo-database and report except VDC profile. In first time, geospatial technology-RS, GIS and GPS were extensively applied in preparation of all these resource maps and creation of their geo-database for local level land use planning.
SPECTRAL-SPATIAL CLASSIFICATION OF HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY USING A HYBRID FRAMEWORK
Authors: Akbari D.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This paper describes a new framework for classification of hyperspectral images, based on both spectral and spatial information. The spatial information is obtained by an enhanced Marker-based Hierarchical Segmentation (MHS) algorithm. The hyperspectral data is first fed into the Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network classification algorithm. Then, the MHS algorithm is applied in order to increase the accuracy of less-accurately classified land-cover types. In the proposed approach, the markers are extracted from the classification maps obtained by MLP and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers. Experimental results on Washington DC Mall hyperspectral dataset, demonstrate the superiority of proposed approach compared to the MLP and the original MHS algorithms.
INFLUENCE OF ENSO ON WET AND DRY SPELL FREQUENCY FOR RAINFED CROPPING PERIOD OVER TAMIL NADU
Authors: Vengateswari M. , Geethalakshmi V. , Bhuvaneswari K. , Panneerselvam S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Several factors are responsible for recent climatic anomalies includes seasonal and inter-annual variability of rainfall in the region in which regional and global sea surface temperature (SST) changes is the most significant factor. It is well recognized that El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of climate variability on seasonal to inter-annual scales and its impacts are felt worldwide. Seasonal to inter-annual rainfall fluctuations strongly affect the success of agriculture and the abundance of water resources. Daily rainfall data at district scale was obtained from India Meteorological Department (IMD) for a period of 43 years (1971–2013) was categorized based on the ENSO episodes and the analysis was performed for the rainfed cropping period (RCP, September–December). A week (7 days) with the cumulative rainfall amount of 50 mm was considered as one wet spell. Non rainy days observed continuously for a decade (10 days) that period was considered to be one dry spell. Results revealed that El Niño conditions positively influenced the rainfall. Compared to neutral years, La Niña years received less rainfall as it showed the negative deviation in most of districts of Tamil Nadu. More wet spell and lesser dry spell weeks was observed under El Niño condition while the lesser wet spell and more dry spell was observed under La Niña conditions. Higher amount of rainfall during El Niño led to more number of wet spells under El Niño event.
Ensemble hindcasting of wind and wave conditions with WRF and Wavewatch III® driven by ERA5
Authors: Osinski Robert Daniel , Radtke Hagen
Published: July 2019

Abstract. When hindcasting wave fields of storm events with state-of-the-art wave models, the quality of the results strongly depends on the meteorological forcing dataset. The wave model will inherit the uncertainty of the atmospheric data, and additional discretisation errors will be introduced due to a limited spatial and temporal resolution of the forcing data. In this study, we demonstrate that applying an atmospheric downscaling with the atmospheric mesoscale model WRF can address all these three issues. Not only does it add regional detail to the wind field and can increase the temporal resolution of the wind fields, which gives a more detailed representation of transient events such as storms. It can also be used to generate ensembles with perturbed atmospheric conditions which allow for a flow dependent and spatiotemporally variable uncertainty estimation. We test different strategies to generate an ensemble hindcast of a storm event in February 2002 in the Baltic Sea, which provoked a severe storm surge. The WRF model used for this purpose is driven by the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis, and wind fields are passed to the third-generation wave model Wavewatch III®. A combination of initial conditions from the ERA5 ensemble of data assimilations and stochastic pertubations during runtime is identified as the most promising strategy. The final aim of the ensemble approach is to quantify the hindcast error, but this approach can also be used to generate alternative representations of historical extreme events to sample the recent climate and to increase the sample size for statistical studies, such as for civil engineering applications for coastal protection studies.
Magmatic sulphides in high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic and
alkaline rocks
Authors: Georgatou Ariadni , Chiaradia Massimo
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We investigate in both mineralised and barren systems the occurrence and chemistry of magmatic sulphides and their chalcophile metal cargo behaviour during evolution of compositionally different magmas in diverse geodynamic settings. The investigated areas are: (a) the Miocene Konya magmatic province (hosting the Doganbey Cu-Mo and Inlice Au-epithermal deposits) (Post-Subduction) and (b) the Miocene Usak basin (Elmadag, Itecektepe and Beydagi volcanoes, the latter associated with the Kisladag Au porphyry) in Western Turkey (Post-Subduction). For comparison we also investigate (c) the barren Plio-Quaternary Kula volcanic field, west of Usak (Intraplate) and finally we discuss and compare all the above areas with the already studied (d) Quaternary Ecuadorian volcanic arc (host to the Miocene Llurimagua Cu-Mo and Cascabel Cu-Au porphyry deposits) (Subduction). The volcanism of the studied areas displays a wide range of SiO2 spanning from basalts to andesites/dacites and from high K-calc-alkaline to shoshonitic series. Multiphase magmatic sulphides occur in different amounts in all investigated areas and based on textural and compositional differences, they can be classified in different types, which crystallised at different times (early versus late saturation). A decrease in the sulphide Ni/Cu (proxy for mss-monosulphide solid solution/iss-intermediate solid solution) ratio is noted with magmatic evolution. Starting with an early stage, saturating Ni-richer/Cu-poorer sulphides hosted by early crystallising minerals e.g. olivine/pyroxene, leading up to a later stage, producing Cu-richer sulphides hosted by magnetite. The most common sulphide type resulting from an early saturating stage is composed of a Cu-poor/Ni-rich (pyrrhotite/mss) and one/two Cu-rich (cubanite, chalcopyrite/iss) phases making up 84 and 16 area % of the sulphide, respectively. Our results suggest that independently of the magma composition, geodynamic setting and whether or not the system has generated an ore deposit on the surface, sulphide saturation occurred in variable degrees in all studied areas and magmatic systems and is characterised by a similar initial metal content of the magmas. However not all studied areas present all sulphide types and the sulphide composition is dependent on the nature of the host mineral. In particular sulphides, resulting from the late stage, consisting of Cu-rich phases (chalcopyrite ,bornite, digenite/iss) are hosted exclusively by magnetite and are found only in magmatic provinces associated with porphyry Cu (Konya and Ecuador) and porphyry Au (Beydagi) deposits.
Hydraulic fracture propagation in a heterogeneous stress field in a crystalline rock mass
Authors: Dutler Nathan , Valley Benoît , Gischig Valentin , Villiger Linus , Krietsch Hannes , Doetsch Joseph , Brixel Bernard , Jalali Mohammadreza , Amann Florian
Published: July 2019

Abstract. As part of the In-situ Stimulation and Circulation (ISC) experiment, hydraulic fracturing (HF) tests were conducted in a moderately fractured crystalline rock mass at the Grimsel Test Site (GTS), Switzerland. The aim of these injection tests was to improve our understanding of processes associated with high-pressure fluid injection. A total of six HF experiments were performed in two inclined boreholes, where the surrounding rock mass was accessed with twelve observation boreholes, which allow high-resolution monitoring of fracture fluid pressure, strain and micro-seismicity in an exceptionally well-characterized rock mass. A similar injection protocol was used for all six experiments to investigate the complexity of the fracture propagation processes. At the borehole scale, these processes involved newly created tensile fractures intersecting the injection interval while at the cross-hole scale, the natural network of fractures dominated the propagation process. The six HF experiments can be divided into two groups based on their injection location (i.e., south or north to a brittle ductile shear zone), their similarity of injection pressures and their response to deformation and pressure propagation. The injection tests performed in the south connect upon propagation to the brittle ductile shear zone. Thus, the shear zone acts as a dominant drain and a constant pressure boundary. The experiments executed north of the shear zone, show smaller injection pressures and larger backflow during bleed-off phases. From a seismic perspective, the injection tests show high variability in seismic response independent of the location of injection. For two injection experiments, we observe re-orientation of the seismic cloud as the fracture propagated away from the wellbore. In both cases, the main propagation direction is normal to the minimum principal stress direction. The re-orientation during propagation is interpreted to be related to a strong stress heterogeneity and the intersection of natural fractures striking different than the propagating hydraulic fracture. The seismic activity was limited to about 10 m radial distance from the injection point. In contrast, strain and pressure signals reach further into the rock mass indicating that the process zone around the injection point is larger than the zone illuminated by seismic signals. Furthermore, strain signals indicate not just single fracture openings but also the propagation of multiple fractures. Transmissivities of injection intervals increase about 2–4 orders of magnitudes.
Lithology and climate controlled soil aggregate size distribution and organic carbon stability in the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Yang Songyu , Jansen Boris , Absalah Samira , van Hall Rutger L. , Kalbitz Karsten , Cammeraat Erik L. H.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Recent studies indicate that climate change influences soil mineralogy by altering weathering processes, and thus impacts soil aggregation and organic carbon (SOC) stability. Alpine ecosystems of the Neotropical Andes are characterized by high SOC stocks, which are important to sustain ecosystem services. However, climate change in the form of altered precipitation patterns can potentially affect soil aggregation and SOC stability with potentially significant effects on the soil’s ecosystem services. This study aimed to investigate the effects of precipitation and lithology on soil aggregation and SOC stability in the Peruvian Andean grasslands, and assessed whether occlusion of organic matter (OM) in aggregates controls SOC stability. For this, samples were collected from limestone soils (LSs) and acid igneous rock soils (ASs) from two sites with contrasting precipitation levels. We used a dry-sieving method to quantify aggregate size distribution, and applied a 76-day soil incubation with intact and crushed aggregates to investigate SOC stability in dependence on aggregation. SOC stocks ranged from 153±27 to 405 ± 42 Mg ha−1, and the highest stocks were found in the LSs of the wet site. We found lithology rather than precipitation to be the key factor regulating soil aggregate size distribution, as indicated by coarse aggregates in the LSs and fine aggregates in the ASs. SOC stability estimated by specific SOC mineralization rates decreased with precipitation in the LSs, but minor differences were found between wet and dry sites in the ASs. Aggregate destruction had a limited effect on SOC mineralization, which indicates that occlusion of OM in aggregates played a minor role in OM stabilization. This was further supported by inconsistent patterns of aggregate size distribution compared to the patterns of SOC stability. We propose that OM adsorption on mineral surfaces is the major OM stabilization mechanism controlling SOC stocks and stability. The results highlight the interactions between precipitation and lithology on SOC stability, which are likely controlled by soil mineralogy in relation to OM input.
Deep learning applied to glacier evolution modelling
Authors: Bolibar Jordi , Rabatel Antoine , Gouttevin Isabelle , Galiez Clovis , Condom Thomas , Sauquet Eric
Published: July 2019

Abstract. We present a parameterized glacier evolution model, with a surface mass balance (SMB) component based on a deep artificial neural network (i.e. deep learning). While most glacier models tend to incorporate more and more physical processes, here we take an alternative approach by creating a parameterized model based on data science. Annual glacier-wide SMBs can be simulated using either deep learning or Lasso (regularized multilinear regression), whereas the glacier geometry is updated using a glacier-specific parameterization. We compare and cross-validate our nonlinear deep learning SMB model against other standard linear statistical methods on a dataset of 32 French alpine glaciers. Deep learning is found to outperform linear methods, with improved explained variance (up to +64 % in space and +108 % in time) and accuracy (up to +47 % in space and +58 % in time), resulting in an estimated r2 of 0.77 and RMSE of 0.51 m.w.e. Substantial nonlinear structures are captured by deep learning, with around 35 % of nonlinear behaviour in the temporal dimension. For the glacier geometry evolution, the main uncertainties come from the ice thickness data used to initialize the model. These results should encourage the use of deep learning in glacier modelling as a powerful nonlinear tool, capable of capturing the nonlinearities of the climate and glacier systems, that can serve to reconstruct or simulate SMB time series for individual glaciers at a regional scale for past and future climates.
Cuadernos de Cultura y la conformación de un ámbito de poéticas comunistas en la Argentina de los años 50
Authors: Alle María Fernanda
Published: July 2019

Este artículo indaga la conformación de un ámbito de poéticas comunistas en el marco de la revista Cuadernos de Cultura en la década de 1950. Se sostiene que el programa literario definido desde Cuadernos otorgó un lugar destacado a la difusión y promoción del género poético, a partir de la asidua publicación de reseñas, notas, comentarios críticos y poemas, que incidieron en la conformación de un ámbito específico de “poéticas comunistas”, identificadas, de acuerdo a los programas soviéticos que la revista adopta, por su carácter realista y nacional. Ese ámbito reúne a un grupo amplio de poetas que provienen tanto del centro metropolitano como del interior del país. En esta dirección, la política “poética” que se pone en juego en la revista redundó en una reconfiguración de los espacios centrales y periféricos del sector de la izquierda comunista del campo poético.
Lesión de anatomía: Diamela Eltit o la autora sobre‐expuesta en la escritura como crítica de lo Real
Authors: Cróquer-Pedrón Eleonora
Published: July 2019

El presente ensayo se concentra en dos libros inclasificables de la narradora chilena Diamela Eltit: El Padre Mío (1989) y El infarto del alma (1994). A partir de la sobre-exposición de la autora que allí se manifiesta en primera persona como volcada hacia el afuera ineludible de un encuentro con la diferencia, encarnada en la locura y el desamparo de los cuerpos del vagabundaje y el aislamiento psiquiátrico, respectivamente, así como de la responsabilidad que emerge como posición de discurso ante el acto problemático de darle forma a la materialidad de su presencia recuperada, recorro las maneras en que se perfila en ellos la otra escritura de una crítica de lo Real. Anudados en torno al estremecimiento subjetivo de quien se dispone a dar cuenta del “otro” en la escritura, en ambos textos atípicos dentro de la productividad teórico-ficcional de la escritora, y atópicos en el marco de lo que podría pensarse como un trabajo de no-ficción, la literatura y el arte se convierten en potentes espacios de lectura para el despliegue de una crítica cultural descolocada y políticamente comprometida en la visibilización de un Real inscrito en la Letra a través de los efectos que supone su inquietud.
Márgenes insurrectos
Authors: Capote Cruz Zaida
Published: July 2019

Entrañable de algún oscuro modo, el proyecto literario de Diamela Eltit pasa, desde sus primeras señales, por cierta cercanía al cuerpo, sus humores, su sangre. El cuerpo, protagonista privilegiado, aparece siempre en la escritura como recorte, siempre fragmentario; cuerpo sufriente que sin embargo se desborda, se acomoda, se exalta y consigue hacerse de un espacio. Uno casi siempre marginal, sustituto, algún paisaje recién adquirido tras la expulsión; por eso los suyos suelen ser sujetos en tránsito, expropiados de su espacio original y hasta de sus nombres o su identidad. Este artículo analizará estos cuerpos marginales en su reccorido narrativo.
The Study of Moral Revolutions as Naturalized Moral Epistemology
Authors: Lowe Dan
Published: July 2019

I argue for the merits of studying historical moral revolutions to inform moral and political philosophy. Such a research program is not merely of empirical, historical interest but has normative implications. To explain why, I situate the proposal in the tradition of naturalized epistemology. As Alison M. Jaggar and other scholars have argued, a naturalistic approach is characteristic of much feminist philosophy. Accordingly, I argue that the study of moral revolutions would be especially fruitful for feminist moral and political philosophers.