bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bimetal Pyrophosphate of CoNiP2O7@polypyrrole Nanocomposite‐ Based Electrode for Hybrid Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Sathishkumar S. , Karthik M. , Boopathiraja R. , Nirmaladevi S. , Ouladsmane Mohamed , Niyitanga Theophile , Kim Haekyoung
Published: April 2024

A significant challenge in the realm of asynchronous capacitors is the development of innovative electrode materials with improved electrochemical behaviour and increased cycles. In this article, a new method is proposed for the facile synthesis of bi metal pyrophosphate anchored on polypyrrole (CoNiP2O7/NF@PPy) utilizing the hydrothermal and polymerization procedures. Cobalt nickel pyrophosphate nanoarrays are created, and they are successfully used as an electrode material for supercapacitors. The novelty of this work, a novel electrode of binder free mixed metal pyrophosphate (CoNiP2O7) composited to conducting polymer of polypyrrole is developed. Then, the prepared CoNiP2O7/NF CoNiP2O7/NF@PPy electrodes capacitive and diffusive mechanism discussed by using Trassati method. In electrochemical experiments, the CoNiP2O7/NF@PPy composite showed considerably enhanced specific capacity (1202 mAhg−1), which is much greater than that of pure CoNiP2O7/NF (819 mAhg−1). Additionally, the hybrid supercapacitor (CoNiP2O7/NF@PPy//AC) device manufactured had the highest energy density of 94.6 Wh kg−1. These findings indicate that this composite is a promising option for electrochemical capacitors.
Toward a notation for modeling value driver trees: Classification development and research agenda
Authors: Matthies Benjamin
Published: April 2024

Value driver trees (VDTs) are abstract, indicator‐based representations of a business model. Although they are conceptual models by nature, no systematic and unified approaches to their modeling exist to date. In fact, a heterogeneous understanding of their conception and methodological implementation has been established. The goal of this study is to provide more clarity in this regard by examining the semantics (the question of “what?”) and syntax (the question of “how?”) with respect to VDT modeling. For this purpose, a structured literature review was conducted in which a collection of 161 VDTs was evaluated. Based on an extended taxonomy design process, the typical model constructs of VDTs were extracted. As a result, a so‐called VDT Model Classification was derived, which structures 34 model constructs into three dimensions with eight categories. This classification establishes a clearer understanding of the model constructs and their representation, thereby providing a conceptual framework for a unified and more substantiated “vocabulary” for VDT modeling. Finally, a research agenda has been formulated that generally addresses the role and future application potential of VDTs and, in particular, describes the next steps toward a sound notation for modeling VDTs.
Perceptions regarding the use of a three‐dimensionally‐printed manufactured educational simulator for periodontal treatment of intraosseous and interradicular lesions
Authors: Jannot Marie , Attal Jean‐Pierre , Marteleur Vincent Le , Le‐Goff Stephane , Colombier Marie‐Laure , Gouze Helene , Dursun Elisabeth , Brun Adrian , François Philippe
Published: April 2024

Purpose/objectives

Treating intraosseous lesions (IOLs) and interradicular bone lesions (IRLs) is an extremely technical dental procedure in periodontics. Instrumentation of these lesions is often perceived as difficult by students and inexperienced dentists before they perform a certain number of procedures on patients in the clinic. The aim of this article is to evaluate a cost‐effective three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed educational simulator for the periodontal treatment of IOLs/IRLs (including scaling, incisions and sutures).

Methods

The simulators were first developed digitally, and then manufactured using printable resins and specific materials; finally, they were assembled using different bonding systems. To evaluate the simulators, assessments were gathered from two target populations: undergraduate students and periodontics experts. These individuals tested the simulator and completed a cross‐sectional questionnaire based on a Likert scale with comparative and pedagogical items scored from one to five. The purpose of the questionnaire was to compare our simulator to clinical reality (i.e., operation on human jaws) and to an animal simulator (i.e., simulation of porcine jaws). The results are expressed as the mean and standard deviation and were statistically analyzed with the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test.

Results

Overall, the results were satisfactory for both groups of testers (4.70 and 4.61 out of five for students and experts, respectively, for global satisfaction).

Conclusions

The overall educational relevance of the simulator designed herein highlights the fact that 3D‐printed educational simulators could enable efficient cognitive‐functional learning for clinical IOL/IRL treatment.
Synthetic methodology of pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline derivatives
Authors: Tawfeek Hendawy N. , Hasanin Tamer H. A. , Bräse Stefan
Published: April 2024

This review discusses the synthetic pathways of an important class of quinolines known as pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline. Due to their profound range as biologically active compounds, they attracted the attention of medical/organic researchers. The construction of pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolines involved the intermolecular cyclization of diamino chloropyrimidine carbaldehyde and intramolecular cyclization of 2‐amino‐3‐cyanotetra/hexahydroquinoline, 2‐aminoquinoline‐3‐carbonitriles, ester or amide. That class of organic compounds was constructed from the reaction between 2‐chloro‐3‐formylquinoline with amidine, urea, and thiourea. Also, barbituric acid and uracil and their analogous play an important role in synthesizing pyrimidoquinolines via multicomponent reaction strategies (MCR).
Effect of tremella polysaccharides on the quality of collagen jelly: insight into the improvement of the gel properties and the antioxidant activity of yak skin gelatin
Authors: Zhang Yueyue , Han Guangxing , Wang Xinyue , Wang Yanru , Wang Min , Li Ying , Yu Qunli , Han Ling
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of tremella polysaccharides on the gel properties and antioxidant activity of yak skin gelatin with a view to improving the quality of collagen jellies. The preparation of composite gels were performed by yak skin gelatin (66.7 mg mL−1) and tremella polysaccharides with different concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 mg mL−1), and finally the collagen jelly was prepared by composite gel (yak skin gelatin: 66.7 mg mL−1; tremella polysaccharides:6 mg mL−1) with the best performance.

RESULTS

Tremella polysaccharides not only improved the hardness, springiness, gel strength, water holding capacity and melting temperature of yak skin gelatin, but also enhanced the composite gel's scavenging activity against ABTS radicals, DPPH radicals, O2 and OH radicals. The filling of tremella polysaccharides into the gelatin network increased the number of crosslinking sites inside the gel, which resulted in the gel network structure becoming dense and orderly. The gel particles became finer and more uniform, and the thermal stability was improved. Furthermore, the sensory score of commercially available gelatin jelly decreased more rapidly during storage compared to the composite gel jelly.

CONCLUSION

The gel properties and antioxidant activity of yak skin gelatin were improved by adding tremella polysaccharides, and then the quality and storage properties of the jelly were improved, which also provided technical reference for the development of functional gel food. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The fruit quality and nutrient content of kiwifruit produced by organic versus chemical fertilizers
Authors: Raiesi Tahereh , Shiri Mohammad Ali , Mousavi Seyed Majid
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

Currently, organic farming has become a feasible approach for the production of high‐quality fruits. To evaluate the response of fruit quality and mineral nutrition contents of Hayward Kiwifruit affected by different organic and inorganic fertilizers, the present study was conducted in Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Iran, in 2017–2021, as a randomized block design with three replications. The studied treatments were organic fertilizers (cow, vermicompost and Azolla) and chemical fertilizers. After 4 years of fertilization, the fruit's nutritional elements content and some fruit bioactive compounds were evaluated after 3 months of cold storage and then analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) method.

RESULTS

The use of organic amendments boosted the calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron content of the kiwifruits compared to chemical fertilizers. The highest fruit potassium and phosphorus content were recorded in the cow manure treatment. The lowest amount of nitrate and the highest calcium, zinc, copper and manganese accumulation were recorded in the fruits treated with vermicompost. In addition to mineral nutrients, the dry matter, total soluble solids, total phenolic and antioxidant capacity of kiwifruit were improved by the application of vermicompost amendment compared to the other fertilizer sources. However, the highest fruit vitamin C and total soluble carbohydrates were measured in the cow manure treatment. The PCA results of the fruit quality indices indicated that fertilization treatments were ranked as vermicompost (1.88) > cow manure (1.63) = chemical (1.60) > Azolla (1.54).

CONCLUSION

It is concluded that the application of 40 kg of vermicompost or 40 kg of cow manure in the next rank in Hayward kiwifruit orchards in March (growth stage beginning of bud swelling) may be a more suitable approach for improving the nutritional quality of the fruit. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 aggravates tumor progression and glycolysis by dephosphorylating PKM2 in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Peiyun , Han Yueting , Pan Wen , Du Jian , Zuo Duo , Ba Yi , Zhang Haiyang
Published: April 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most lethal human malignancies, yet it remains hampered by challenges in fronter of molecular‐guided targeted therapy to direct clinical treatment strategies. The protein tyrosine phosphatase Src homology 2 domain‐containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is involved in the malignant progression of GC. However, the detailed mechanisms of the posttranslational modifications of SHP2 remain poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrated that an allosteric SHP2 inhibitor, SHP099, was able to block tumor proliferation and migration of GC by dephosphorylating the pyruvate kinase M2 type (PKM2) protein. Mechanistically, we found that PKM2 is a bona fide target of SHP2. The dephosphorylation and activation of PKM2 by SHP2 are necessary to exacerbate tumor progression and GC glycolysis. Moreover, we demonstrated a strong correlation between the phosphorylation level of PKM2 and adenosine 5‘‐monophosphate (AMP)‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in GC cells. Notably, the low phosphorylation expression of AMPK was negatively correlated with activated SHP2. Besides, we proved that cisplatin could activate SHP2 and SHP099 increased sensitivity to cisplatin in GC. Taken together, our results provide evidence that the SHP2/PKM2/AMPK axis exerts a key role in GC progression and glycolysis and could be a viable therapeutic approach for the therapy of GC.
Towards understanding the direct and indirect effects of borderline personality features on identity disturbance
Authors: Mohana  , Moon Chanki
Published: April 2024

Research on borderline personality disorder (BPD) in clinical populations is extensive, and its impact on nonclinical populations is developing importance. The present study examined whether the presence of borderline personality features in nonclinical young adults is associated with identity disturbance, considering the potential mediating roles of anxiety and deliberate self‐harm (DSH). A total of 162 participants completed an online survey incorporating four measures: the Borderline Symptoms List‐23, Beck Anxiety Inventory, DSH Inventory, and the Self‐Concept and Identity Measure. A parallel indirect effects analysis indicated that the indirect effects of BPD features on identity disturbance via anxiety and DSH were not significant. However, BPD features remained a significant predictor of identity disturbance, even after controlling for the influence of anxiety and DSH factors (direct effect).
Naval Air Defense Planning problem: A novel formulation and heuristics
Authors: Arslan Caner , Karasakal Orhan , Kırca Ömer
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on air defense in maritime environment, which involves protecting friendly naval assets from aerial threats. Specifically, we define and address the Naval Air Defense Planning (NADP) problem, which consists of maneuvering decisions of the ships and scheduling weapons and sensors to the threats in order to maximize the total expected survival probability of friendly units. The NADP problem is more realistic and applicable than previous studies, as it considers features such as sensor assignment requirements, weapon and sensor blind sectors, sequence‐dependent setup times, and ship's infrared/radar signature. In this study, a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming model of the NADP problem is presented and heuristic solution approaches are developed. Computational results demonstrate that these heuristic approaches are both fast and efficient in solving the NADP problem.
Enhancing photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet dye with g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 nanocomposites synthesized via a facile approach
Authors: Manogaran Tamiliniyaa , Kanagaraj Jayashree , Albeshr Mohammed F. , Selvankumar Thangaswamy , Palaniappan Manikandan , Arumugam Selvi , Rangappan Rajavel
Published: April 2024

Photocatalysts that exhibit exceptional performance could be further enhanced for wastewater treatment, particularly in the degradation of organic pollutants and reduction of inorganic heavy metal ions concentrations. This study employed sol–gel techniques was used to create a Type II scheme g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 (CZT‐2, CZT‐4, and CZT‐6) photocatalyst. FT‐IR, UV‐DRS, XRD, SEM, BET, HR‐TEM, and XPS analysis were conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 photocatalyst's. An investigation was conducted to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the synthesized samples. The samples exhibit remarkable efficacy in the degradation of organic contaminants. Among them, CZT‐2 showcased superior photocatalytic performance in the solar light‐induced photodegradation of crystal violet. The photocatalytic activity of g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 has been significantly enhanced through the establishment of a Type‐II scheme at the interface. This innovative approach efficiently facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, thereby boosting the photodegradation activity. The discussion also included the chemical process between photocatalysts and crystal violet. The mechanism of the crystal violet‐photocatalyst reaction was also discussed. After undergoing five cycles of reuse, the photocatalyst that was manufactured demonstrated remarkable stability, leading to a reduction in the cost associated with wastewater treatment. The as‐synthesized g‐C3N4/ZnTiO3 composites are very safe for the environment, which suggests that the CZT‐2 composite is very good at getting rid of pollutants.
Optimizing cleanup of highly viscous oil spills: A biomass‐based aerogel with photothermal conversion and joule heating for a dual‐energy absorption device
Authors: Zhang Jinghan , Zhang Weijia , Li Changhua , Yuan Bihe
Published: April 2024

The frequent occurrences of offshore oil spills have led to severe environmental contamination and ecological threats. However, traditional recovery methods pose issues such as high‐energy consumption, low absorption efficiency and secondary pollution. This work prepared a hydrophobic aerogel (P‐GO@CNTs‐9/ATP/SA) using sodium alginate, attapulgite and graphene oxide surface‐modified carbon nanotubes with superior solar/Joule heating ability. The water contact angle of this aerogel is approximately 147.5°. Moreover, this aerogel demonstrates stable and efficient photothermal conversion properties, reaching a surface temperature of 82.3 °C under one solar illumination (1 kW/m2). Furthermore, when applying a voltage of 10 V, the surface temperature of the P‐GO@CNTs‐9/ATP/SA aerogel reaches 170.4 °C, assisting photothermal conversion to enhance the fluidity of viscous oil, thereby conserving energy. Finally, we present a continuous absorption device utilizing P‐GO@CNTs‐9/ATP/SA as the primary component, enabling automatic switching between photothermal and electrothermal modes for the comprehensive and continuous treatment of oil spills. Due to the unique design, environmental friendliness and ideal absorption capacity, this approach offers a novel choice for recovery of oil spills, which is expected to further promote principles of sustainable development.
Simultaneous high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis of anthraquinones in sicklepod sprouts with α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity
Authors: Muraoka Takuya , Imahori Daisuke , Miyagi Rina , Shinohara Naoki , Tanaka Hiroyuki
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Sicklepod [Cassia obtusifolia L. syn Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Fabaceae] sprouts are promising ingredients with health‐promoting benefits. Notwithstanding, the pharmacologically active compounds in sicklepod sprouts have not been studied or analysed in detail.

Objective

This study aimed to isolate and structurally identify phytochemicals showing α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity in sicklepod sprouts and simultaneously quantify the compounds in the sprouts to determine the optimal cultivation method and germination time to maximise active compounds.

Method

A simultaneous high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet (HPLC‐UV) method with high sensitivity and accuracy was developed and used to analyse time‐dependent changes in anthraquinone content during sicklepod germination.

Results

Thirteen anthraquinones were isolated and identified, of which six—chrysoobtusin, emodin, 1‐O‐methyl‐2‐methoxychrysophanol, 7‐O‐methylobtusin, chrysophanol, and physcion—showed moderate α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity. The maximum content of anthraquinones in a sprout was observed on Day 5 under both light and dark conditions.

Conclusion

The findings of this study revealed that sicklepod sprouts which are promising functional food materials contain a variety of anthraquinones.
Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS)
Authors: Tsuchida Aki , Sawada Ken
Published: April 2024

Background

Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is increasingly recognized as a clinicoradiological syndrome. Its etiology is diverse, encompassing a variety of triggers, including infections and metabolic abnormalities. Uniquely, MERS may present with psychiatric symptoms, such as delirium, visual hallucinations, and catatonia, posing diagnostic challenges. The variability of these neuropsychiatric symptoms necessitates early diagnosis through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to avoid prolonged antipsychotic treatment.

Case Presentation

This report details a case of MERS in a 39‐year‐old male. The patient initially presented with headache, sore throat, and abnormal laboratory results: leukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift, elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels, and hyponatremia. On the fourth day of admission, he developed severe anxiety and restlessness, exhibited thoughts of death, and reported experiencing vivid hallucinations upon closing his eyes. MRI revealed a hyperintense lesion in the corpus callosum. A lumbar puncture showed no increase in cell count or protein. The patient showed a positive response to treatment with antibiotics and olanzapine, demonstrating rapid symptomatic improvement. A follow‐up MRI on the 11th day showed complete resolution of the brain lesions. Six months later, no neurological or psychiatric sequelae were noted. The patient's clinical progression and imaging findings led to a definitive diagnosis of MERS.

Conclusion

The early presentation of symptoms such as restlessness, hallucinations, and death ideation played a critical role in diagnosing MERS, with early MRI examination being instrumental in both diagnosis and preventing prolonged antipsychotic medication use.
Is there scope to do better? Clinical communication with adolescents and young adults with cancer—A scoping review
Authors: Critoph Deborah J. , Cable Maria , Farmer Jessica , Hatcher Helen M. , Kuhn Isla , Taylor Rachel M. , Smith Luke A. M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

How to communicate effectively with adolescent and young adults with cancer (AYACs) is a research priority. In a UK‐wide survey of young people with cancer's research priorities, communication was a striking cross‐cutting theme. It is increasingly recognised that AYACs have experiences and communication needs that differ significantly from those of younger children and older adults. The purpose of this review is to explore the features of effective clinical communication with AYACs.

Methods

A literature search was undertaken to identify and map the available evidence using a broad scope to get an overview of the pertinent literature, identify knowledge gaps and clarify concepts. The searches yielded 5825 records, generating 4040 unique articles. These were screened and 71 full articles were read by four researchers with disagreements resolved by discussion leaving 29 included articles. Narrative synthesis was undertaken in relation to each of the research questions.

Results

Three key themes were identified: being an adolescent/young adult, supporters, and healthcare professionals (HCPs). AYACs need to feel that HCPs understand their unique perspective. They want to be involved, this changes over time and in different contexts. Supporters are a central tenet, are most often parents and undertake several roles which are not always universally supportive. HCPs enable involvement of AYACs, and this needs to be actively promoted. AYACs preference for their level of involvement requires continual assessment. The three themes are interlinked and exist within the wider scope of the triadic encounter and cancer experience.

Conclusion

Supporters, most often parents were a key feature across the data and were seemingly paradoxical in nature. Triadic communication, the presence of a third person, is a central tenet of communication with AYACs and we propose a conceptual model to represent the nuances, components, and facets of this complex communication.
Development of a multigenomic liquid biopsy (PROSTest) for prostate cancer in whole blood
Authors: Modlin Irvin M. , Kidd Mark , Drozdov Ignat A. , Boegemann Martin , Bodei Lisa , Kunikowska Jolanta , Malczewska Anna , Bernemann Christof , Koduru Srinivas V. , Rahbar Kambiz
Published: April 2024

Introduction

We describe the development of a molecular assay from publicly available tumor tissue mRNA databases using machine learning and present preliminary evidence of functionality as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for prostate cancer (PCa) in whole blood.

Materials and Methods

We assessed 1055 PCas (public microarray data sets) to identify putative mRNA biomarkers. Specificity was confirmed against 32 different solid and hematological cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 10,990). This defined a 27‐gene panel which was validated by qPCR in 50 histologically confirmed PCa surgical specimens and matched blood. An ensemble classifier (Random Forest, Support Vector Machines, XGBoost) was trained in age‐matched PCas (n = 294), and in 72 controls and 64 BPH. Classifier performance was validated in two independent sets (n = 263 PCas; n = 99 controls). We assessed the panel as a postoperative disease monitor in a radical prostatectomy cohort (RPC: n = 47).

Results

A PCa‐specific 27‐gene panel was identified. Matched blood and tumor gene expression levels were concordant (r = 0.72, p < 0.0001). The ensemble classifier (“PROSTest”) was scaled 0%–100% and the industry‐standard operating point of ≥50% used to define a PCa. Using this, the PROSTest exhibited an 85% sensitivity and 95% specificity for PCa versus controls. In two independent sets, the metrics were 92%–95% sensitivity and 100% specificity. In the RPCs (n = 47), PROSTest scores decreased from 72% ± 7% to 33% ± 16% (p < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney test). PROSTest was 26% ± 8% in 37 with normal postoperative PSA levels (<0.1 ng/mL). In 10 with elevated postoperative PSA, PROSTest was 60% ± 4%.

Conclusion

A 27‐gene whole blood signature for PCa is concordant with tissue mRNA levels. Measuring blood expression provides a minimally invasive genomic tool that may facilitate prostate cancer management.
Presenting a new model for evaluating the factors affecting equipment reliability using system dynamics
Authors: Modares Azam , Pooya Alireza , Emroozi Vahideh Bafandegan , Roozkhosh Pardis
Published: April 2024

This study examines reliability of equipment (RoE) through three approaches: equipment design reliability, human reliability (HR), and maintenance‐based reliability. HR plays a key role in minimizing human error (HE) and subsequently enhancing RoE. Given that equipment reliability is influenced by numerous factors, these technologies come with various constraints, multiple outputs, and inputs. Compared to mathematical programming and analytical models, simulation methods in the field of reliability are relatively limited. However, system dynamics (SD) modeling is well‐suited to capture dynamics and complexity of systems, making it a valuable tool for long‐term strategic decision‐making. In this study, a combination of SD and regression approaches has been employed to explore the relationship between reliability and key variables such as HE and profit. Initially, the variables influencing reliability are identified, and then SD is utilized to understand the processes and interactions among these variables. Furthermore, linear regression is employed to establish the relationship between affective variables, reliability, and HE. To validate the results obtained from the proposed method, a sensitivity analysis is conducted. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. Simulation results indicate that implementing policies such as employee training and preventive maintenance significantly enhances RoE, leading to increased sales and profits for the organization. Therefore, managers should prioritize these variables and allocate adequate attention and resources to them.
Determination of trace chelating carboxylic acids in rice by green extraction combined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis and its application in the evaluation of old and new rice
Authors: Kang Yuting , Wang Yan , Feng Yufei , Huang Guoliang , Qi Fang , Li Huiru , Jiang Kezhi
Published: April 2024

Rationale

Accurate identification of old rice samples from new ones benefits their market circulation and consumers. However, the current detection methods are still not satisfactory because of their insufficient accuracy or (and) time‐consuming process.

Methods

Chelating carboxylic acids (CCAs) were selectively extracted from rice, by stirring with chelating resin and a dilute Na2CO3 solution. The green analytical chemistry guidelines for sample preparation were investigated by using the green chemistry calculator AGREE prep. The extractant was determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and statistical analysis of the analytical data was carried out to evaluate the significance of the difference by ChiPlot.

Results

The limit of quantitation for the CCAs is in the range of 1 to 50 ng/mL, with a reasonable reproducibility. The CCAs in 23 rice samples were determined within a wide concentration range from 0.03 to 1174 μg/g. Intriguingly, the content of citric acid, malonic acid, α‐ketoglutaric acid and cis‐aconite acid in new rice was each found to be distinctively higher than that in old rice by several times. Even mixtures of old and new rice were found to show much difference in the concentration of citric acid and malic acid.

Conclusion

A green analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of CCAs by LC/MS analysis, and the identification of old rice samples from new ones was easily carried out according to their CCA content for the first time. The results indicated that the described method has powerful potential for the accurate identification of old rice samples from new ones.
Ruptured giant thoracic hydatid cyst presenting with respiratory symptoms
Authors: Ershadi Reza , Amini Hesam , Roostaei Ghazal , Kazemizadeh Hossein , Mollamohammadi Leila , Khoshnam Rad Niloofar
Published: April 2024

Key message

Pulmonary hydatid disease remains a global public health issue. Symptoms often result from cyst rupture, causing fever, cough, and hemoptysis. Radiographs may show homogeneous masses, air‐fluid levels, or the pathognomonic “water lily” sign. Surgical removal is the primary treatment, with early diagnosis crucial to prevent acute hypersensitivity reactions and death.
Amphiphilic Polyphosphazene for Fluorocarbon Emulsion Stabilization
Authors: Wang Yongkang , Liu Wei , Zang Zhiyi , Luo Yuzheng , Sun Shuyi , Zhang Shuangkun , Russell Thomas P. , Shi Shaowei , Wu Zhanpeng
Published: April 2024

High internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) have been of great interest for fabricating fluorinated porous polymers having controlled pore structures and excellent physicochemical properties. However, it remains a challenge to prepare stable fluorocarbon HIPEs, due to the lack of suitable surfactants. By randomly grating hydrophilic and fluorophilic side chains to polyphosphazene (PPZ), a comb‐like amphiphilic PPZ surfactant with biodegradability is designed and synthesized for stabilizing water/fluorocarbon oil‐based emulsions. The hydrophilic–lipophilic balance of PPZs can be controlled by tuning the grating ratio of the two side chains, leading to the preparation of stable water‐in‐oil HIPEs and oil‐in‐water emulsions, and the production of fluorinated porous polymers and particles by polymerizing the oil phase. These fluorinated porous polymers show excellent thermal stability and, due to the hydrophobicity and porous structure, applications in the field of oil/water separation can be achieved.
Activating TiO2 through the Phase Transition‐Mediated Hydrogen Spillover to Outperform Pt for Electrocatalytic pH‐Universal Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Jiexian , Guo Peifang , Liu Da , Yan Xiaoxiao , Tu Xin , Pan Hongge , Wu Renbing
Published: April 2024

Endowing conventional materials with specific functions that are hardly available is invariably of significant importance but greatly challenging. TiO2 is proven to be highly active for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution while intrinsically inert for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its poor electrical conductivity and unfavorable hydrogen adsorption/desorption behavior. Herein, the first activation of inert TiO2 for electrocatalytic HER is demonstrated by synergistically modulating the positions of d‐band center and triggering hydrogen spillover through the dual doping‐induced partial phase transition. The N, F co‐doping‐induced partial phase transition from anatase to rutile phase in TiO2 (AR‐TiO2|(N,F)) exhibits extraordinary HER performance with overpotentials of 74, 80, and 142 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm–2 in 1.0 M KOH, 0.5 M H2SO4, and 1.0 M phosphate‐buffered saline electrolytes, respectively, which are substantially better than pure TiO2, and even superior to the benchmark Pt/C catalysts. These findings may open a new avenue for the development of low‐cost alternative to noble metal catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
Anti‐Solvent‐Free Fabrication of Stable FA0.9Cs0.1PbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 24.0% through a Naphthalene‐Based Passivator
Authors: Kong Hao , Zhao Chenxu , Han Huifang , Liu Huijing , Zou Pengchen , Fu Yao , Lang Kun , Shen Fan , Liu Xuewei , Xu Jia , Yao Jianxi
Published: April 2024

The anti‐solvent‐free fabrication of high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs) holds immense significance for the transition from laboratory‐scale to large‐scale commercial applications. However, the device performance is severely hindered by the increased occurrence of surface defects resulting from the lack of control over nucleation and crystallization of perovskite using anti‐solvent methods. In this study, 2‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)ethylamine hydriodide (NEAI) is employed as the surface passivator for perovskite films without using any anti‐solvent. Naphthalene demonstrates strong π‐π conjugation, which aids in the efficient extraction of charge carriers. Additionally, the naphthalene‐ring moieties form a tight attachment to the perovskite surface. After NEAI treatment, FA and I vacancies are selectively occupied by NEA+ and I− in NEAI respectively, thus effectively passivating the surface defects and isolating the surface from moisture. Ultimately, the optimized NEAI‐treated device achieves a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.19% (with a certified efficiency of 23.94%), featuring a high fill factor of 83.53%. It stands out as one of the reported high PCEs achieved for PSCs using the spin‐coating technique without the need for any anti‐solvent so far. Furthermore, the NEAI‐treated device can maintain ≈87% of its initial PCE after 2000 h in ambient air with a relative humidity of 30% ± 5%.
Recent Progress in MXene‐Based Electrochemical Actuators and Capacitors
Authors: Park Jinwoo , Kim Younghoon , Bark Hyunwoo , Lee Pooi See
Published: April 2024

A new family of two‐dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes) has attracted increasing attention owing to their electrical, chemical, and physical properties. Together with various attractive properties of the MXenes, they also exhibit electrochemical induced deformation (i.e., expansion/contraction) via ion intercalation/de‐intercalation in/from MXene layers. In this respect, MXenes offer the possibility of application as the electrode of electrochemical actuators (ECAs). While the MXene‐based ECAs are still in their infancy stage, researchers have made great effort to achieve high‐performance MXene‐based electrochemical capacitors (ECs). As the name suggests, both ECAs and ECs shared common traits in which their operations are based on electrochemical processes. This review provides the recent progress in the MXene‐based ECAs in parallel with that in the MXene‐based ECs to gain insights from the relatively mature developments in EC applications. Finally, based on the findings from previous studies on both electrochemical applications, perspectives on future MXene‐based ECAs in terms of electrode, electrolyte, and cell configuration are provided.
Phylogeny of Berberidopsidales based on nuclear and chloroplast loci, with the description of a new species of Berberidopsis endemic to Central Chile
Authors: Menegoz Kora , Villarroel Alejandro E. , Lavandero Nicolás
Published: April 2024

Berberidopsidales comprises two families: monotypic Aextoxicaceae (Aextoxicon punctatum in Chile and Argentina) and Berberidopsidaceae. The latter includes Australian monotypic Streptothamnus (S. moorei) and Berberidopsis (B. beckleri in Australia and B. corallina in Chile). A new Berberidopsis species from the Central Chilean Andes is here described. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear and chloroplast data clarified the relationships within Berberidopsidales. The new species, Berberidopsis granitica, is sister to the Chilean endemic B. corallina, and this clade is sister to the Australian B. beckleri. The dated molecular phylogeny places the split between the South American B. corallina and B. granitica into the late Miocene/early Pleistocene and the split between South American and Australian Berberidopsis to the late Miocene and Pliocene, suggesting transoceanic dispersal rather than vicariance. Climatic niche analyses show two distinct and non‐overlapping climatic niches for the Australian and southern South American species. Berberidopsis granitica and B. corallina also differ clearly in their habitat and morphology, in addition to their climatic niche. Berberidopsis granitica has a very restricted distribution area and grows in the Andes under montane climatic conditions, unique within Berberidopsidales.
Predictive machine learning in optimizing the performance of electric vehicle batteries: Techniques, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Naresh Vankamamidi S. , Ratnakara Rao Guduru V. N. S. R. , Prabhakar D. V. N.
Published: April 2024

This research paper explores the importance of optimizing the performance of electric vehicle (EV) batteries to align with the rapid growth in EV usage. It uses predictive machine learning (ML) techniques to achieve this optimization. The paper covers various ML methods like supervised, unsupervised, and deep learning (DL) and ways to measure their effectiveness. Significant battery performance factors, such as state of charge (SoC), state of health (SoH), state of function (SoF), and remaining useful life (RUL), are discussed, along with methods to collect and prepare data for accurate predictions. The paper introduces an operation research model for optimizing the performance of EV Batteries. It also looks at challenges unique to battery systems and ways to overcome them. The study showcases ML models' ability to predict battery behavior for real‐time monitoring, efficient energy use, and proactive maintenance. The paper categorizes different applications and case studies, providing valuable insights and forward‐looking perspectives for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers involved in improving EV battery performance through predictive ML.

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Classification

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Explainable AI

Technologies > Machine Learning
Cropping decisions under water stress: Evidence from Cauvery Delta Region, India
Authors: Nair Jyoti , Thomas Bejoy K. , Bahinipati Chandra Sekhar
Published: April 2024

Cropping decisions under resource constraints such as water stress have a significant influence on the livelihoods of farm households. Using survey data from 152 farm households in three villages of the paddy producing zone in the Cauvery Delta Region in India, we examine the factors that determine selection of paddy varieties and cotton. Our findings show that the marketability of specific paddy varieties, given inadequate public procurement, and groundwater use, driven by reduced surface water flows, influence crop choice. Farmers have modified their sowing practices and cropping patterns as a response to water stress and market signals. We conclude that to develop effective interventions to improve farm‐based livelihoods, it is important to look not just at climatic drivers of crop choice and farm level adjustments but the multiple stressors at different scales.
Aberrant splicing of CaV1.2 calcium channel induced by decreased Rbfox1 enhances arterial constriction during diabetic hyperglycemia
Authors: Hou Wei , Yin Shumin , Li Pengpeng , Zhang Ludan , Chen Tiange , Qin Dongxia , Mustafa Atta Ul , Liu Caijie , Song Miaomiao , Qiu Cheng , Xiong Xiaoqing , Wang Juejin
Published: April 2024

Diabetic hyperglycemia induces dysfunctions of arterial smooth muscle, leading to diabetic vascular complications. The CaV1.2 calcium channel is one primary pathway for Ca2+ influx, which initiates vasoconstriction. However, the long-term regulation mechanism(s) for vascular CaV1.2 functions under hyperglycemic condition remains unknown. Here, Sprague–Dawley rats fed with high-fat diet in combination with low dose streptozotocin and Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were used as diabetic models. Isolated mesenteric arteries (MAs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from rat models were used to assess K+-induced arterial constriction and CaV1.2 channel functions using vascular myograph and whole-cell patch clamp, respectively. K+-induced vasoconstriction is persistently enhanced in the MAs from diabetic rats, and CaV1.2 alternative spliced exon 9* is increased, while exon 33 is decreased in rat diabetic arteries. Furthermore, CaV1.2 channels exhibit hyperpolarized current–voltage and activation curve in VSMCs from diabetic rats, which facilitates the channel function. Unexpectedly, the application of glycated serum (GS), mimicking advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), but not glucose, downregulates the expression of the splicing factor Rbfox1 in VSMCs. Moreover, GS application or Rbfox1 knockdown dynamically regulates alternative exons 9* and 33, leading to facilitated functions of CaV1.2 channels in VSMCs and MAs. Notably, GS increases K+-induced intracellular calcium concentration of VSMCs and the vasoconstriction of MAs. These results reveal that AGEs, not glucose, long-termly regulates CaV1.2 alternative splicing events by decreasing Rbfox1 expression, thereby enhancing channel functions and increasing vasoconstriction under diabetic hyperglycemia. This study identifies the specific molecular mechanism for enhanced vasoconstriction under hyperglycemia, providing a potential target for managing diabetic vascular complications.
Immersive virtual reality in orthopedic surgery as elective subject for medical students
Authors: Schöbel Tobias , Schuschke Leonard , Youssef Yasmin , Rotzoll Daisy , Theopold Jan , Osterhoff Georg
Published: April 2024

Background

Virtual reality (VR) simulators have been introduced for skills training in various medical disciplines to create an approximately realistic environment without the risk of patient harm and have improved to more immersive VR (iVR) simulators at affordable costs. There is evidence that training on VR simulators improves technical skills but its use in orthopedic training programs and especially in curricular teaching sessions for medical students are currently not well established. The aim of this study was to describe the implementation of a VR operating theater as an elective course for undergraduate medical students and to evaluate its effect on student learning.

Methods

An elective course for 12 students was implemented during the summer semester of 2023. Using Oculus Quest 2 headsets (Reality Labs, Meta Platforms, USA) and controllers and the PrecisionOS platform, they were able to train five different surgical procedures. The courses were accompanied by weekly topic discussions and instructional videos. Students were assigned to two groups: group VR vs. group non-VR. The groups were switched after 5 weeks. User feedback and performance development (theoretical and procedural surgical knowledge) after VR training were assessed using three questionnaires.

Results

The students highly appreciated the implementation of VR training into their curriculum and 91% stated that they would opt for further VR training. All students stated that VR training improved their understanding of surgical procedures and that it should be obligatory in surgical training for undergraduate medical students. After 5 weeks of training, students in the VR group achieved significantly better results (100 out of maximum 180 points) than the non-VR group (70 points, p = 0.0495) in procedural surgical knowledge. After completion of the VR training the VR group achieved 106 points and the non-VR group 104 points (p = 0.8564). The procedural knowledge for non-VR group after 5 weeks significantly improved after VR training from 70 to 106 points (p = 0.0087).

Conclusion

The iVR can be easily integrated into the curriculum of medical students and is highly appreciated by the participants. The iVR statistically improves the procedural knowledge of surgical steps compared to conventional teaching methods. Further implementation of iVR training in curricular teaching of medical students should be considered.

Graphic abstract
Herbrandized modified realizability
Authors: Ferreira Gilda , Firmino Paulo
Published: April 2024

Realizability notions in mathematical logic have a long history, which can be traced back to the work of Stephen Kleene in the 1940s, aimed at exploring the foundations of intuitionistic logic. Kleene’s initial realizability laid the ground for more sophisticated notions such as Kreisel’s modified realizability and various modern approaches. In this context, our work aligns with the lineage of realizability strategies that emphasize the accumulation, rather than the propagation of precise witnesses. In this paper, we introduce a new notion of realizability, namely herbrandized modified realizability. This novel form of (cumulative) realizability, presented within the framework of semi-intuitionistic logic is based on a recently developed star combinatory calculus, which enables the gathering of witnesses into nonempty finite sets. We also show that the previous analysis can be extended from logic to (Heyting) arithmetic.
Beyond surgery: bladder preservation and the role of systemic treatment in localised muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Swinton Martin , Devi Aarani , Song Yee Pei , Hoskin Peter , Choudhury Ananya
Published: April 2024

Over the last two to three decades the non-surgical curative management of bladder cancer has significantly progressed. Increasing evidence supports the use of bladder preservation as an alternative to radical cystectomy (RC) for localised muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Radiosensitisation with chemotherapy or hypoxia modification improves the efficacy of radiotherapy. Systemic treatments play an important role in the management of localised MIBC with the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical treatment well established. The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the radical treatment of bladder cancer, their safe combination with radical radiotherapy regimens and whether the addition of ICIs improve rates of cure are outstanding questions beginning to be answered by ongoing clinical trials. In this narrative review, we discuss the current evidence for bladder preservation and the role of systemic treatments for localised MIBC.
Auditory performance and language skills in children with auditory brainstem implants and cochlear implants
Authors: Yıldırım Gökay Nuriye , Demirtaş Beyza , Özbal Batuk Merve , Yücel Esra , Sennaroğlu Gonca
Published: April 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate school-age language skills and auditory performance in different listening situations in children with cochlear implants and auditory brainstem implants.

Method

The study included 60 children between the ages of 5 and 9 years with cochlear implants (CI) and auditory brainstem implants (ABI). The volunteer children were divided into two groups: bimodal CI-ABI and bilateral CI users. Test of Language Development: Primary (TOLD-P:4), which assesses components of language such as phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics, was used to evaluate school-age language skills. Children’s Auditory Performance Scale (CHAPS) was used to measure their listening performance in quiet, noisy, multi-stimulus environments and their auditory attention and memory skills in daily life. The correlations between language and auditory performance were analyzed and compared between the two groups.

Results

Children with ABI showed poorer performance in school-age language skills and auditory performance in different listening environments (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were between school-age language skills and auditory performance (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Improved auditory performance is crucial for the development of school-age language skills. To improve auditory performance in children with ABI in different listening environments, assistive listening devices, acoustic environmental arrangements, informative activities, etc., should be used.