bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State of the Manchurian pheasant Phasianus colchicus pallasi population in Russia, its meat productivity and safety
Authors: Sandakova S L , Motina N V , Kozak S S , Gromov I Yu , Toushkin A A , Matveeva O A , Krasavina A A
Published: March 2021

The article states that the Manchu pheasant Phasianus colchicus pallasi is a Far Eastern subspecies of the common pheasant, a common inhabitant of meadows and fields in the coastal region of Russia and in the Amur River valley. Our studies of the Amur pheasant population showed that it has a high abundance of P. c. pallasi in the wild in the Russian Federation. With regard to this type of bird, registration work is regularly carried out. Based on the data of nature conservation inspectors, inspectors of legal hunting, hunting for wild birds is carried out. The problem for modern science is the preservation and development of the gene pool of this species. Further, work to preserve the pheasant in nature and for home and farm poultry farming. Farmed pheasants are mainly a Caucasian subspecies of the common pheasant. Therefore, the main problem is closely related breeding and, as a consequence, the degeneration of birds on farms. They quickly become incapable of reproduction and give rapidly dying offspring. We have considered the Far Eastern population of the common pheasant. As a reservoir of an additional gene pool for enrichment and creation of a stable population of birds for farming and obtaining a primary scientific base for obtaining hybrid breeds. We have studied its number, population dynamics over the years over the past 10 years and food security. Since this estimate is necessary to account for the reserve population of pheasant breeding. Numerous studies of the chemical composition of pheasant meat show that it is richer in protein and lower in fat than broiler meat, the recognized leader in dietary meat. Microbiological studies for food safety have shown its high quality and suitability for nutrition.
Pets in an urban environment as an ecosystem: a systems approach
Authors: Rybakova G R , Doiko I V , Grebennikova A E , Zrazhevskaya I V , Ryzhuk V A
Published: March 2021

In the ecosystem “person - pet - urban environment” one of the main unresolved issues not only in Krasnoyarsk, but also on a national scale, is the task of filling the space of a comfortable urban environment with zones of free walking for dogs. The involvement of a large number of subjects of interaction in this problem requires the adoption of consolidated decisions that take into account the interests of all participants. At the same time, the problem of ensuring the quality of life of animals should not be left aside. To understand the full depth and multidimensional complexity of the interaction of subjects in this field, in the further development of the study, it is assumed to use the method of analysis of the system-parametric version of the system approach. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the subsequent application of this method based on the analysis of the three levels of causality, indicated by the author of the method V.N. Sagatovsky as fundamental. A brief review showed the presence of all three conditions for this: the need to move to more active actions in solving the problem, the multidimensional complexity of the issue under consideration and its interdisciplinary nature.
Somatic embryogenesis as a way of Siberian pine biodiversity preservation: initiation
Authors: Noskova N E , Noskova M A , Aksinenko M A , Martynova O V
Published: March 2021

The article reports about the results of an experiment to initiate somatic embryogenesis in Siberian pine in 2019. The object of the study was trees from the forest seed orchards of Berdsk forestry in the Novosibirsk region. Immature cones were collected at the stage of early embryogenesis. 5 culture media compositions and 6 genotypes were tested. Intact and dissected megagametophytes were used as explants. Two stably proliferating embryogenic lines were obtained. It has been proven that the genotype and composition of the nutrient medium influence on the initiation of somatic embryogenesis. The most competent genotypes and effective nutrient media for somatic embryogenesis of Siberian pine were revealed. It has been established that dissected megagametophytes are promising to use as explants for obtaining somatic embryogenesis in Siberian pine.
Genetic features of the offspring of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris
L.) trees differing in the abundance of fruiting
Authors: Potasheva Yu I , Fayzulin D H , Gaevsky N P
Published: March 2021

Development of artificial reforestation is based on selection and genetics. Solving issues related to stability and productivity improvement of cultivated forest-forming species is impossible without taking into account the hereditary properties of the tree offspring. Genetic features of the offspring of Scots pine trees differing in the abundance of fruiting, were studied on permanent forest seed plots (PFSP) in different regions. The study objects were PFSP-1 of pine in the Ustyuzhna district of the Vologda region and PFSP-2 of pine in the Plesetsk district of the Arkhangelsk region. Permanent forest seed plots were laid out according to the method developed by the Northern Research Institute of Forestry (NRIF) and in accordance with the industry standard OST 56-35-78. The results of multiannual research have shown that the number of trees with good hereditary properties and the share of elite trees on the PFSP laid out according to the NRIF method exceeds the number of similar trees on the PFSP laid out according to the industry standard OST 56-35-78. Pine trees, which have good selection and genetic properties in terms of the offspring growth rate, are heterogeneous in the abundance of fruiting, yield of full-grain seeds and seed productivity. All this highlights the importance of a separate assessment of trees according to these features. The selection of elite trees of Scots pine can be carried out among plus trees having good inherited abilities for the abundance of fruiting and the yield of full-grain seeds. The assessment of the hereditary properties of plus trees by the offspring growth rate was carried out using the method of early diagnosis by the number of cotyledons. It is also possible to carry out selection of elite trees on the pine PFSP created by the NRIF method. If the method of early diagnosis by the number of cotyledons and the method of selection of high-yielding individuals developed by NRIF are used, it will take one plentiful growing season to select elite trees.
Biological activity of probiotics Bacillus albus and Lactobacillus brevis in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofilaments
Authors: Berezina O Y , Sidorova N A , Savushkin A I
Published: March 2021

To substantiate the development of alternative agrarian and food technologies, the article presents the results of a study of the biological activity of potential probiotic cultures Bacillus albus and Lactobacillus brevis in the context of their further use as part of therapeutic and prophylactic additives to feed for various purposes. The biological activity of genuine strains of bacilli and lactobacilli was assessed by the effect of self-aggregation in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone nanowires obtained by the electrospinig method. The immobilized cells were cultured in an RTS-1C bioreactor with Reverse-Spin technology for 110 hours, followed by an assessment of the effect of immobilization by the kinetics of growth, pH of the culture medium and preservation of viability. As a result of a series of experiments, it was found that in the presence of PVP, growing cells of Bacillus albus and Lactobacillus brevis during fermentation acquire the ability to maintain a minimum growth rate and an optimal pH range for a long time period. In addition, in the presence of PVP, an increase in the number of viable cells of lactobacilli from 104 to 107 CFU/ml and bacilli from 104 to 106 CFU/ml was found in the reaction mixture. The data obtained are intended for further investigation of the phenomenon of self-aggregation of bacteria in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone nanowires and are considered promising for the development of new forms of probiotic products.
Characteristics of variability of the main breeding characteristics of the Salsk sheep
Authors: Kolosov Yu A , Fedorov V Kh , Zasemchuk I V , Chamurliev N G , Vorontsova E S
Published: March 2021

The article defined indicators of variability of productive qualities of sheep of the Salsk breed of different age groups. In the studies, high indicators of variability in folding, living weight, wool trimming in all sex and age groups were obtained. In terms of density, length of wool, average coefficient of variability was observed, and the lowest indicators were established in terms of wool tone.
Modeling of growth and development of spruce stands in the West Siberian South taiga plain forest region
Authors: Mikhaylov P V , Shevelev S L , Sul’tson S M , Verkhovets S V , Goroshko A A
Published: March 2021

Taxation standards, including growth tables, play an important role in the design of forestry activities and the organization of management in forest areas, but it still cannot be argued that they fully reflect all the features of the dynamics of forest stands in various forest growing conditions. The present work is devoted to filling in the gaps in the characteristics of the growth features of Siberian fir (Abies sibirica L.) stands within the West Siberian southern taiga plain forest region. The aim of the work was to develop models of growth and development of the most common types of forests of the fir formation within the boundaries of the study area. The work is based on the materials of the mass inventory of 3491 stands, while 1367 stands belonged to the stands of the forb group of forest types, and 2124 stands to the green moss. Modeling was carried out for average height (H), average diameter (D), stock (M) of stands. As a result of the study, mathematical models of the dynamics of the taxation indicators of Siberian fir stands of two most common groups of forest types in the study area - green moss fir forests and forb fir forests - were constructed. For practical use, tables of the course of growth of modal fir stands were developed, which were supplemented with information on the age dynamics of phytomass and carbon concentration.
Influence of the canopy structure of a birch forest on the visibility of the fires below
Authors: Matelenok I V , Alekseev F A , Evdokimova E A
Published: March 2021

The work is aimed at studying the visibility of a flame through the canopy of a birch forest, depending on the structure of the latter, and providing support for decision-making on the choice of the optimal sensing geometry for solving the problem of detecting fires in birch forests when video shooting from low altitudes. For the site located in the Priozersk district of the Leningrad region, using photographic technology, data were obtained on the frequency distribution of birch leaf inclination angles (for a hybrid of two species). The information is compared with the results of the work of other researchers. On the basis of the collected data, three-dimensional models of the canopy of various structures were constructed, suitable for simulating the radiation transfer. A set of experiments has been carried out to estimate the values of the fraction of beam penetration for light emitted by the combustion center in the direction of the sensor at different viewing angles. For individual ratios of crown sizes and distances between them, the least informative ranges of viewing angles, which should be avoided when monitoring fires, have been determined. It has been confirmed that the visibility of the flame depends on the shape and closeness of the crowns, which determine the length of the radiation path in the vegetation layer, and, to a lesser extent, on the prevailing orientation of the leaves.
Climate change is shaping oil palm breeding strategies
Authors: Rival A
Published: March 2021

The cultivation of oil crops and climate change are closely intertwined, thus revealing a complex cause-effect relationship. Many cultivation systems are affected by climate change, and in a dual way, they also contribute to climate alteration. The major agriculture-related determinants of climate change (captured by CO2 emission) are related to crop production, burning biomass residues, enteric fermentation, manure management, or synthetic fertilizers. This situation necessitates the immediate implementation of adaptation strategies at farm and landscape levels, in order to decrease vulnerabilities of individual farmers and entire agricultural economies to the adverse effects of climate change. It also requires mitigation efforts to reduce global climate change, sustain food production and maintain livelihoods. The production of palm oil, especially in South East Asia, looks particularly vulnerable: the monospecific plantation system that was designed centuries ago must now be questioned on all the aspects of its social, climatic and economic resilience. Ecological intensification is a means to achieve environmentally sustainable increases in yields by enhancing ecosystem functions that regulate and support crop production. Climate Smart Agriculture is able to increase agricultural productivity under a changing climate while reducing emissions. Specific measures for plantation management can prevent or reduce losses of important ecosystem functions. Innovative planting designs mixing selected forest and agricultural species with plantation crops are currently assessed although research is needed to document both the performance and the resilience of oil palm-based agroforestry systems. By combining simultaneous measurements of production, soil fertility, disease, climate variables, carbon storage and species’ diversity, we will understand how agroforests do not compromise production while creating benefits for climate adaptation, climate mitigation and biodiversity.
The biological control process and describe the next steps in our international collaboration with researchers in Indonesia to find appropriate natural enemies of albizia
Authors: Bitume E
Published: March 2021

Classical biological control refers to the intentional introduction of a natural enemy from the native range of an invasive species into the presumably enemy-free space of the invaded range. The objective of biocontrol is for introduced agents to establish permanently and provide long-term suppression of an invasive species, as well as the restoration of ecological balance. The island of Hawaii is negatively impacted by an invasive tree native to Indonesia, albizia (Falcataria moluccana, known locally in Indonesia as sengon or salawaku), which destroys native landscapes and threatens Hawaii businesses and homes with many millions of dollars in damage. We have completed exploratory surveys in Indonesia searching for specialist natural enemies of this invasive tree that will eventually undergo extensive host specificity and impact testing prior to release in Hawaii. Two high priority candidates for further study include gall forming eriophyid mites and a stem boring weevil. Also among early prospects is a rust fungus (Uromycladium falcatarium) that galls new growth and is a major problem for albizia plantations in the Philippines and Indonesia. Here we discuss the biological control process and describe the next steps in our international collaboration with researchers in Indonesia to find appropriate natural enemies of albizia.
Agricultural soil management to reduce N2O emission
Authors: Hatano Ryusuke
Published: March 2021

N2O is a greenhouse gas with a radiative forcing 298 times that of CO2 and is the substance that contributes most to the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. Current global N2O emission from the earth surface is 18.5 Tg y−1. Soil N2O emission is 13 Tg y−1, in which agricultural soil N2O emission accounts for 7 Tg y−1. N2O is produced as byproduct during nitrification process and interim product during denitrification process, mainly produced by denitrification in soils with increasing fertilizer application, as evidenced in agricultural fields. N2O emission increased significantly during the practices of fertilizer application, compost application, and harvesting, and peaked at a soil temperature of 20 °C or higher and a water-filled pore space of 60-70%. N2O emissions increased due to a decrease in soil pH. Soil pH tended to increase with the application of compost, and N2O in the compost plot decreased over time compared to the chemical fertilizer plot. This is because the optimal pH of incomplete denitrifying bacteria causing nitrous oxide emission is lower than that of complete denitrifying bacteria. Therefore, it is recognized that the pH should be 6.5 or more to suppress the N2O. In order to make better handling of compost, compost pellet has been developed, because it was found that nitrogen addition into compost pellet reduces N2O emission. N2O emission is related to the amount of inorganic nitrogen in soil. N2O emission increases with organic matter decomposition in soil and nitrogen fertilizer application. In organic soil (peat), huge N2O emission of several 100 kgN ha−1 y−1 was found in vegetable fields in a tropical peat land. Organic matter decomposition increases with drop of ground water table level, enhancing N2O emission. An eight-year oil palm plantation study at a tropical peat land showed that NO3- N concentration decreased and N2O emissions decreased with the increase in oil palm yield. The yield of oil palm increased with the increase of water-filled pore space of the soil and N2O significantly decreased when the water-filled pore space became more than 70%. Therefore, following three managements are recommended to reduce N2O emission from agricultural soil: 1) Restrict excessive nitrogen application (apply nitrogen according to the amount of nitrogen taken up by crops); 2) Prevent excessive organic matter decomposition (maintain capillary water rise without excessively decreasing ground water table level in peatlands); 3) Prevent low pH of soil (apply compost to reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer application).
Transformation agriculture economics sustainability on commodity crops
Authors: Ayob M A B
Published: March 2021

This paper discussed on transformation economics sustainability for commodity crops such as oil palm, rubber, cocoa and coconut. In recent years there has been growing awareness of the need for more sustainable production across many agricultural commodity supply chains, including palm oil and others commodity crops.. For example, oil palm is more productive than any other edible oil. Rapid expansion of oil palm plantation at present with 72.27 millions metric tonnes of global palm oil production in 2019 lead the vegetable oils and fats industry This made others commodity crops were decresed and shrink due to concentration on palm oil industry. In adddition the high cost of agriculture input and negative perception on agriculture contribute high impact on participation of labour in agriculture sector especially youth which concern about the negative impacts in agriculture career. However large scale agricultural expansion has led to increasing efforts to promote sustainability across a range of agricultural supply chains for others commodity crops and this will effect the livelihoood of socio economics for smallholders, owners and plantation workers. Transformation of ecosystem on new approached of clustering support from research until to marketing strategy will be discussed. This included future direction, opportunities, issues and challenges also will be touched in this paper to sustain the commodity crops in future.
The role of humic substances to improve degraded soils for increasing crops production
Authors: Suwardi
Published: March 2021

One of the main problems of lowering crops production on degraded soils is the low soil organic matter. Application of humic substances may improve the quality of degraded soils. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of humic substances application on the production of rice, water spinach, sweet potato, and oil palm, and to describe the mechanism of increasing crops production due to the application of humic substances. In this study, the humic substances were extracted from soft brown coal using a strong base KOH. Humic substances in difference doses are applied to various soil types for several crops. The results showed that application of humic substances increased the production of rice, water spinach, sweet potato, and oil palm. The highest production increase is obtained with a dose of 10-15 liters of the humic substance/ha with a carrier zeolite of 10-20 kg/liter of humic substances. The application of humic substances to soils increases the nutrients available in the soils as well as the the growth of plant roots so that plants can absorb more nutrients from the soils.
Consumer preference for some genotypes of ornamental chili (Capsicum spp.) population F2
Authors: Alfauzaan DF , Warid
Published: March 2021

The experiment was conducted to determine the characteristics of ornamental chili plants from several genotypes in the F2 population by consumer desires. This research performed using a single plant method. The planted community consists of all the elders (P) and crossing results. This study uses survey techniques and questionnaires as research aids in obtaining ornamental chili character information that is the public likes. Consumer preference test results (I) against 14 genotypes show that the average consumer most wants TR 23 x TR 25U (1) in some of the characters tested: the leaf color, habitus, and fruit color characters. Genotype TR23 x TR 25U (1) has a dark green leaf color character with a scale of 5 based on the IRRI Leaf Color Chart, a compact habitus, and has two color changes in the fruit, green-red and purple-red. Based on the results of the consumer preference test (II) on four genotypes, it shows that there is no difference in the average value of consumer preferences in the genotypes TR 23B x Ayesha (3), TR 25U, and TR 25 x Ayesha (2) in the characters tested.
Farmers’ perceptions and knowledge on chrysanthemum pests and its management in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hutapea D , Hidayat P , Dadang  , Sartiami D
Published: March 2021

Sustainable pest management on greenhouse crops should be based on farmers’ perspectives, obstacles, and technical knowledge. A survey of 41 farmer households that producing chrysanthemum was conducted to identify pest problems that were considered most important by farmers and identify knowledge of insecticides used in pest management. The respondents were chosen purposively based on easiness encountered in the greenhouse from the three districts of chrysanthemum production centers (Bogor, Cianjur, and Sukabumi) in West Java Province. The data were collected through group discussion techniques and individual interviews using a questionnaire and then analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. The results showed that among the pests, mostly farmers (90%) perceived that thrips were the main pest. Regarding to control pests, all farmers used insecticides thrice a week, and the most insecticide groups applied were avermectin, cyromazine, organophosphate, diafenthiuron, neonicotinoid, and pyrethroid. The determination of insecticides was based on farmers’ own past experiences, other farmers’ experiences, and suggestions from pesticide retailers. Even though the pesticides were implemented intensively, most farmers (78%) were unsatisfied with the effectiveness of control. Understanding farmers’ knowledge dealing with pests and their impacts is baseline information to develop sustainable pest management on chrysanthemum under greenhouse conditions.
The impact of the economic crisis on Indonesian palm oil exports: a long term simulation analysis
Authors: Mawardati  , Jamilah  , Syamni Ghazali
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the impact of the economic crisis on Indonesia’s palm oil exports. The relationship between factors in palm oil trade was analyzed using the simultaneous equation system model and estimated using the Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. This research uses time-series data (years 2000 - 2018). The results showed that Indonesia’s economic growth contracted up to 5.32% leading to an economic recession due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the United States-China trade war which caused Indonesia’s palm oil exports to decline significantly. However, the increase in domestic palm oil consumption is thought to be due to lower palm oil prices and the implementation of domestic industrial policies. In this condition, the depreciation of the rupiah (11%) and the reduction in import tariffs for palm oil from trading partner countries are predicted to be able to improve the performance of Indonesia’s palm oil exports, but still low in net compared to conditions of average economic growth. This proves that the reduction in export tariffs (Indonesia) and import tariffs (trading partners) during the depreciation of the Rupiah due to contraction in economic growth can improve the performance of Indonesia’s palm oil exports.
Poverty alleviation model in communities peatland areas of Jambi Province
Authors: Wahyuni I , Suandi  , Edison
Published: March 2021

This research was aimed to analyze the poverty alleviation model in communities peatland areas of Jambi Province. The research design was a cross-sectional and conducted in two selected districts in Jambi Province, namely: Tanjung Jabung Timur and Tanjung Jabung Barat Districts. This research was conducted from July to December 2018. Data collection was carried out by writing a structured questionnaire consisting of family characteristics, family income, social capital, and household resource management. The number of respondents was 180 households, which was taken by simple random sampling. The data collected will be tested with a descriptive approach and SEM with the Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) program. The results showed that the income of the community in the peatland area of Jambi Province was Rp. 4,781,000,000, - or income sufficiently. The results of the analysis show that social capital and family resource management have a positive and significant effect on food security and poverty alleviation. Therefore, the poverty alleviation model in peatland areas is by utilizing social capital resources and managing family resources.
Support system model for smallholder to accelerate the implementation of palm cattle integration
Authors: Wulandari S
Published: March 2021

Palm cattle integration is plants and livestock integrated activities in a farming unit. This system is part of the government programs to meet national beef’s need at a macro level. It is also a strategy in optimizing land use to increase productivity and farmers’ income. However, its implementation has not been developing and running optimally. This condition is caused by various technical and institutional constraints faced by smallholders. In the long term, it may affect its sustainability because farmers cannot overcome it only by using their resources and capabilities. It can be overcome by providing a support system. This paper aims to analyze the constraints and develop a support system model for smallholders to accelerate the implementation of palm cattle integration. The constraints faced by farmers are related to working capital, raw material, technologies, skills, market, and tools and machinery. The strategies include strengthening farmer and farmer groups, optimizing production and productivity, and developing a market link. The support facilities consist of factors to increase farmers’ and farmer organizations’ capabilities and provide resources. Providing support facilities will involve local government, private sector, cooperative, financial service, production service, market and institutional service, certification service, and research agency.
Analysis of hydraulic sluice gate Sapon – intake in Progo river Special Region of Yogyakarta
Authors: Nuryanti P , Legono D
Published: March 2021

Progo River is water source from one of the harvests to irrigate Special Region of Yogyakarta irrigation network. Sapon, which has an area of 2250 Ha, received the water from Progo through Sapon intake. To fulfill the water requirement for Sapon irrigation area according to the demand of water debit based on the water needs of System Planning (August - Jul planting pattern) and Alternative water supply (Oct - Sep), it is necessary to operate the technique on the door Sapon intake by analyze the Sapon intake watergate in terms of hydraulics. The method used was field observation by conducting interviews and hydraulic analysis of watergate by analyzing water door height (ha). From the analysis, the results has shown, four door openings are not necessary because one, two and three door openings meet the requirements for operational intake doors with high door openings <h (height of intake holes). The operation of intake doors based on the water demand system planning (August - Jul planting pattern) is more efficient than the intake door operation based on alternative water demand (Oct - Sep). From the results can be concluded that Sapon intake capable of flowing water following the required discharge.
The effectiveness of the application method of liquid organic fertilizer in different concentration on lettuce
Authors: Frasetya B , Taofik A , Nasrulloh L
Published: March 2021

Fertilization using organic materials has a double benefit in preserving the environment and plant growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application method of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) with various concentrations on lettuce plants’ growth. The research method used was experimental research using a factorial complete randomized design. Factor 1 is the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 ml l−1), and Factor 2 is the method of applying LOF (spray, watering, and combination spray and watering). Each unit of the experiment was repeated three times. Growth and yield parameters observed in this study: plant height, leaf area, dry weight, and fresh plant weight. The data of growth parameters and lettuce yields were then analyzed using variance analysis at 5% level and Duncan’s test at 5% level. The results showed an interaction between the application method and LOF concentration on leaf area, dry weight, and fresh weight. The independent effect occurs on plant height parameters. The application of LOF concentrations of 15 ml l−1 in lettuce plants using watering and spraying is more effective than the other treatment.
Various planting media and boron concentrations supporting growth and yield of melon on drip irrigation hydroponic system
Authors: Hidayat C , Roosda A A , Fauziah S
Published: March 2021

Planting media is an important component in hydroponic. Additional nutrient, boron, is expected able to support growth and increase fruit production of melon. This study aimed to determine the interaction between various planting media and the concentrations of boron as well as to get the right composition of planting media and boron on the growth and yield of melon. This research was conducted in a greenhouse in Cikeusik, Tasikmalaya. A split-plot design with three replications was applied to the experiment. The main plot was boron concentrations: 0 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.7 ppm, and 1.05 ppm while the subplots consisted of 100% rice husk, 100% cocopeat, and charcoal rice husk: cocopeat (50:50). The results showed no interaction between boron concentrations and planting media. Otherwise, boron concentration of 0.7 ppm affecting independently the traits, i.e., number of flowers, fruit weight, and fruit thickness. Planting media of 100% cocopeat affected leaf area parameter. Application of 0.7 ppm boron and cocopeat growing media, independently, increase the growth and production of melon plants on drip irrigation hydroponic system. Sufficient concentration applied in a proper planting media and the hydroponic system could lead to the production of melon.
In vitro responses of Areca catechu immature embryos on medium containing plant growth regulators
Authors: Dinarti D , Sudarsono S , Irawan J
Published: March 2021

Betel (Pinang) nuts are used as herbs, traditional medicine, and in the beverage industry. Planting materials for Areca nut cultivation are seeds. However, the presence of 2 – 3 months dormancy hampers germination of Areca nut seeds. Therefore, developing alternative strategies to overcome such problems is necessary. This study evaluates Areca nut immature embryo in vitro responses on MS medium having various plant growth regulators. The experiments were set up using a single factor in a complete randomized design. The embryos were planted either on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (MS0), MS with a combination of BAP (1 ppm) and NAA (0.1 ppm), or MS medium supplemented with GA3 (3 ppm). Areca nut immature embryos planted on a medium containing BAP (1 ppm) and NAA (0.1 ppm) than that on a medium containing GA3 (3 ppm). The germinated embryos were best on medium supplemented with a combination of BAP (1 ppm) and NAA (0.1 ppm). Immature Areca nut embryos planted on MS0 medium were unable to grow. In conclusion, Areca nut immature embryos may be used as explants for this palm tree’s micropropagation, and the embryos germinated well on a medium containing BAP and NAA.
The role of planting media and mulch in the growth of Leptopus antigonon as a beneficial plant on oil palm plantation
Authors: Hariyadi  , Syahlan A
Published: March 2021

Oil palm is one of the important plantation crops in Indonesia. Oil palm is also a potential source of foreign exchange. In sustainable oil palm plantation management, pest and disease control are factors affecting FFB yield. A fireworm is a pest for oil palms. Biological control of fireworm in oil palm plantations is conducted by planting Antigonon leptopus, which produces nectar for parasitoid hosts and the caterpillars’ predators. The growth and development of oil palm trees are affected by planting medium and maintenance. This study aims to obtain the best media and mulching composition for growing A. leptopus. The study uses a completely randomized design (CRD). The planting media treatment consists of various ratios of soil, sand, and manure (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4). The mulch treatment consists of mulching (M0 and without mulching (M1). The parameters observed included length of tendrils, number of leaflets, total dry weight, root dry weight, root shoot ratio, number of flowers, and flowering plants. The results showed that planting media did not affect seed germination and viability. The ratio of planting media (2:1:1) combined with mulching gave the best vegetative growth and number of flowers for A. leptosus.
Shallot haploid breeding for sustainable production-callus induction from shallot anther tissues
Authors: Irawan J , Sudarsono  , Maharijaya A , Dinarti D
Published: March 2021

Shallot is an essential vegetable crop in Indonesia, and its cultivation requires labor and capital intensive. Availability of high yielding and disease resistant shallot varieties will ensure its sustainable production. Haploid breeding should be beneficial for supporting the shallot breeding program. This study aims to identify suitable media for inducing callus growth and subsequent shoots or somatic embryo (SE) regeneration from anther tissues. In this study, successful callus induction was obtained from shallot anther but not for shoots or SE regeneration. The three different flower-sized responses were also investigated, and large flowers (5mm x 3mm) with an average anther length of 1.44 ± 0.04 mm were the best for callus induction. The microscopic observation indicated that large and medium flowers contain most bicellular pollen developmental stages, while small flowers are mostly tetrad stage. It also showed that the bicellular stage was more responsive to callus induction than the tetrad one. Moreover, the C1 medium consisted of MS basal medium supplemented with 3 mg L−1 BAP, 3 mg L−1 NAA, and 30 g/L sucrose was the best medium for inducing callus from anther explant.
The response of Phalaenopsis amabilis seedling (in vitro and greenhouse) after Salicylic acid treatment to Dickeya dadantii infection
Authors: Lubis U N Q , Sudarsono S , Sukma D
Published: March 2021

Phalaenopsis amabilis is one of the popular orchid species having white flowers. However, P. amabilis is susceptible to soft-rot disease caused by Dickeya dadantii infection (a necrotrophic pathogen). This research aimed to induce P. amabilis resistance to D. dadantii using salicylic acid (SA). The SA treatment at 0 or 30 ppm was applied in the tissue culture medium of P. amabilis plantlets, and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, or 90 ppm was used to four months old seedlings in the greenhouse. Leaves of either in vitro plantlets or seedlings were inoculated with D. dadanti by using the detached leaves inoculation method. Bacterial inoculation was carried out at 1, 2, or 3 days after SA treatment on in vitro plantlets and one day after on seedlings in the greenhouse. The results showed that SA treatment did not induce the resistance of in vitro plantlets., on the other hand, SA 45 ppm treatment slightly increased P. amabilis resistance to D. dadantii infection. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and explore the SA role in P. amabilis resistance mechanism to necrotrophic pathogens.
The effectiveness of bioherbicide made from nutsedge tuber powder (Cyperus rotundus l.) in various dosage and application time
Authors: Sulistiani A I , Chozin M A , Guntoro D , Suwarto
Published: March 2021

Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is a very adaptive weed, therefore it is very difficult to be controlled. Besides, the Cyperus rotundus has allelopathic compounds that can interfere with the growth of the main plant. The allelopathic compound has the potential to be used as a pre-emergence bioherbicide for controlling broadleaf weeds and grass. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of bioherbicides made from nutsedge tuber powder sources at various dosage and application times. This research was conducted from August to October 2019, used CRD with three replications. The first factor was the dosage (D); 45.00 and 67.50 kg powder ha−1. The second factor was the application of time (T); 2 DBP, 0, 2, 4 DAP so that there were 8 treatment units. The result showed that the application of bioherbicides made from nutsedge tuber powder with pellet formulations on 0 to 4 DAP was effective in inhibiting the germination and growth of all test weeds, the best application time varies between test weeds. In general, a dosage of 67.50 kg tuber powder ha−1 was more effective in inhibiting germination and growth of weed sprouts as compared to a dosage of 45.00 kg tuber powder ha−1.
Survey of Banana bunchy top virus on non-cultivated bananas in West Java
Authors: Latifah  , Hidayat S H , Mutaqin K H , Widodo  , Sutanto A
Published: March 2021

Banana is a horticulture crop originated from Southeast Asia. Therefore, the genetic diversity of bananas is presumably high in Indonesia. Banana bunchy top disease caused by Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) has been reported occurred in several regions in Indonesia, especially in the banana cultivation. A survey was conducted in April 2019 in West Java to make documentation on the types of bananas that grow unattended and to monitor BBTV infection. Banana cultivars with various types of genomes was found during the survey, i.e. “Mas”, “Uli”, and “Rejang” (type AA); “Ambon”, “Muli”, and “Urang” (type AAA); “Kapas” and “Raja” (type AAB). Besides, wild bananas were also found, i.e.“Caukole” in Cianjur and “Tongka Langit” in Tasikmalaya with genome types AAw and T, respectively. Leaf samples from infected plants were collected and taken to the laboratory for detection of BBTV using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Specific DNA band of BBTV around 240 bp was successfully amplified from all leaf samples using mRepF/mRepR specific primer pairs. The results of this survey indicated that BBTV has spread in the field and has the potential to be a source of disease inoculum if no immediate control efforts are made.
Multiple infections of Begomovirus on its host plants
Authors: Annisaa N W , Hidayat P , Giyanto  , Hidayat S H , Lee S
Published: March 2021

Begomovirus infection has been reported to cause many important diseases on vegetable crops in Indonesia. This research was conducted to reconfirm the identity of Begomovirus infecting several host plants. Plant samples were taken from several DI Yogyakarta locations, i.e., Sleman, Kulon Progo, and Bantul. Amplification of virus target was carried out by PCR method using three primer pairs, i.e., SPG1/2, PepYLCIVA-F/A-R, and PepYLCIV B-F/B-R. Begomovirus DNA fragments were successfully amplified from all samples using SPG1/2 primers, which confirmed the presence of Begomovirus infection in chili, eggplant, cucumber, and weed plants. The nucleotide sequences analysis identified five species of Begomovirus, i.e., PYLCIV, ToLCNDV, LUYVVV, TYLCIV, and TYLCKaV; each has homology with sequences in GenBank 86.76% -98.12%, 96.11%, 94.36%, 95.48%, 90%-99.29%, respectively. Sequence analysis of DNA fragments amplified using PepYLCIV B-F/B-R specific primers confirms that the genome type of PYLCIV is bipartite. Furthermore, the data showed a double infection of PYLCIV with other Begomovirus species, i.e., with TYLCKaV in chili and eggplant, with TYLCIV and LUYVVV in weeds, and with ToLCNDV in cucumbers. A double infection or a mixture of several viruses can cause recombination, potentially leading to new virus strains.
The effect of flower morphology on the longevity of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Asmoro P P , Dadang  , Pudjianto  , Winasa I W
Published: March 2021

Refugia plants can support the biological control of plant pests by increasing the presence and fitness of parasitoids. One of the factors that determine the suitability of refugia plants with parasitoids is the flower morphology. This study used Diadegma semiclausum, a parasitoid of cabbage pest, Plutella xylostella. This study aimed to determine the effect of refugia plants’ flower morphology on the longevity of D. semiclausum adults. Refugia plants used were Rorippa indica, Brassica rapa, Ageratum conyzoides, and Sphagneticola trilobata. Research methods consist of insect rearing and plant preparation, testing refugia flowers’ influence on parasitoid longevity, and measuring flower morphology (corolla length and aperture, and nectar location). The results showed all refugia flower treatments could increase the parasitoid longevity compared to control (1.71-3.69 times). The best effect was demonstrate by the R. indica treatment, followed by B. rapa, A. conyzoides, and S. trilobata. Correlation and regression analysis showed that the increasing corolla aperture and length positively affected parasitoid longevity. Flowers with exposed nectar positions (R. indica and B. rapa) makes the parasitoid easy to access, even though the corolla flowers were longer than A. conyzoides and S. trilobata.
Host preference of Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel and P. caladii van der Goot (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on various host plants
Authors: Rahmah S , Maryana N , Hidayat P
Published: March 2021

Pentalonia nigronervosa and P. caladii are insect vectors of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) that cause banana bunchy top disease. The disease is considered an economically essential problem because it may cause significant yield loss. This study aimed to provide information on the host preferences of Pentalonia on various host plants. The research was conducted from September 2019 to January 2020 at the Insect Biosystematics Laboratory and Cikabayan Greenhouse, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. The host preference test was carried out in a 200 cm x 200 cm x 150 cm wire screen cage. Dieffenbachia sp. was placed in the center of the cage, and the other plants were placed around it with a distance between plants of 50 cm. As many as sixty adults of Pentalonia were infested on Dieffenbachia sp. They were given time to move freely to the other host plants. The test was carried out for one month with observation intervals of three days. The t-test shows that Pentalonia is not significantly different on either Costus sp. and Dieffenbachia sp. with the value of P>0.164 and P>0.321, respectively. The preferred host by P. nigronervosa based on the highest population is the family Musaceae, whereas P. caladii highly preferred the family Araceae (Taro).
Land Suitability Evaluation for Pepper (piper nigrum L.) in West Lampung Regency
Authors: Addharu E , Barus B , Kinseng R A
Published: March 2021

Decreasing productivity of pepper has become one of the problems of pepper commodities development in West Lampung Regency, as the second-largest pepper developer area. This condition made the fall in the price of pepper which greatly affects the income of the farmers. In order to increase production and develop pepper in West Lampung Regency, it is necessary to know the location and land suitability of the pepper first to facilitate giving directions and recommendations. Thus, this research is studying the spatial distribution of pepper and its characteristics, as well as the land suitability in West Lampung Regency. The results showed the spatial distribution of pepper commodity based on supervised classification is mostly located in the east of West Lampung Regency. Regarding the suitability, West Lampung Regency is categorized into land suitability class moderately suitable (S2fns) and marginally suitable (S3fns, S3ns, S3d, S3f, S3s, S3fs) with the biggest limiting factors are slope and nutrient retention. Land suitability with limiting factor conditions such as available nutrients, nutrient retention, and drainage can still be improved by providing lime, organic matter, fertilizers, and construction of irrigation systems.
Characterization of steel slag and its effect on rice production in Latosol and acid sulfate soil
Authors: Wardani I K , Suwardi  , Sumawinata B
Published: March 2021

Most soils in Indonesia need soil ameliorant material. There are various ameliorant materials that can improve soil properties. The researchers propose steel slag as an alternative ameliorant material. Steel slag is a waste from steel manufacturing, and the amount is very abundant. Unfortunately, steel slag falls into the category of hazardous and toxic waste (by regulation). It is still questionable and needs verification that this material is potential for agriculture. In this study, an analysis of the characteristics (total chemical and micronutrient content) of steel slag was carried out. Besides, the steel slag was applied to Latosol and Acid Sulfate Soil (ASS) planted with rice plant to see its effects on it. The results show that steel slag is rich in Ca, Mg, P, Si, micronutrients, and low in heavy metals. The steel slag application for rice plants on Latosol and ASS show a positive effect. Rice production on soil with steel slag addition is higher than control. The optimum doses of steel slag are 6 tons/ha for Latosol and 9 tons/ha for ASS. It indicates that steel slag is a potential ameliorant material and needs reconsideration to exclude it from its category as hazardous and toxic waste.