bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HASIL DAN STABILITAS HASIL DUA PULUH GENOTIPE JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) SELAMA SEMBILAN BELAS BULAN BERPRODUKSI
Authors: WARDIANA EDI , PRANOWO DIBYO
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK

Pengujian interaksi genotipe dengan lingkungan (GxE) serta analisisstabilitas hasil suatu genotipe merupakan hal yang penting dalam programpemuliaan tanaman. Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis hasil danstabilitas hasil 20 genotipe tanaman jarak pagar telah dilakukan di KebunPercobaan Pakuwon, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, pada ketinggian tempat 450m dpl dengan jenis tanah Latosol dan tipe iklim B mulai bulan Mei 2008sampai Desember 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak kelom-pok lengkap dengan 20 perlakuan genotipe tanaman dan tiga ulangan.Peubah yang dianalisis adalah jumlah buah panen selama 19 bulanberproduksi. Analisis ragam dilakukan secara gabungan antara 20 genotipedengan 19 lingkungan (umur tanaman) dan analisis stabilitas hasilmengikuti metode Eberhart dan Russel (1966). Hasil penelitian menunjuk-kan bahwa berdasarkan pada hasil jumlah buah panen selama 19 bulanberproduksi terdapat enam genotipe jarak pagar yang dapat diklasifikasi-kan ke dalam genotipe yang berdaya hasil tinggi dan stabil, yaitu PT7,PT13, PT14, PT15, PT33, dan 3189. Sedangkan MT7 dan HS49diklasifikasikan ke dalam genotipe berdaya hasil tinggi tetapi tidak stabil.

Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., interaksi GxE, hasil, stabilitas hasil

ABSTRACT

Yield and yield stability of twenty genotypes of physic nut(Jatropha curcas L.) during nineteen months ofproduction

Genotype and environment interaction (GxE) and yield stabilityanalysis of the genotypes is more important in plant breeding program.This experiment was carried out from May 2008 until December 2009 atPakuwon Experimental Station, Sukabumi, West Java with altitude about450 m above sea level, Latosol soil type and B climate type. The objectiveof this experiment was to analyze the yield and yield stability of 20genotypes of physic nut. Randomized complete block design with 20treatments of physic nut genotype and three replications was used in thisstudy, and the variabel observed was number of fruit harvested per month.Data were analyzed by combined analysis of variance and stabilityanalysis using Eberhart and Russel (1966) methods. Result showed thatbased on number of fruit harvested during 19 months production the PT7,PT13, PT14, PT15, PT33 and 3189 were classified as high yielding andstable genotypes. While, MT7 and HS49 were classified as high yieldingand unstable genotypes.

Key words : Jatropha curcas L., GxE interaction, yield, yield stability.
PENGARUH DOSIS MIKORIZA DAN PEMUPUKAN NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI KOPI ROBUSTA DI BAWAH TEGAKAN KELAPA PRODUKTIF
Authors: FERRY YULIUS , RUSLI RUSLI
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK
Student-Teachers’ Experiences and Strategies of Managing Disruptive Behaviours in Tanzania Secondary Schools.
Authors: Majani William Pastory
Published: June 2020

This paper reports on student-teachers’ experiences during a six-week teaching practicum of disruptive classroom behaviours by students in selected Tanzanian secondary schools and the strategies that the student-teachers employed to manage them. Questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were employed to collect data from 70 student-teachers. Using qualitative thematic analysis and descriptive quantitative analysis strategies, it was revealed that student-teachers did very little to enhance appropriate classroom behaviours. Instead, they relied on punitive strategies such as punishment to deal with disrupting students. Reliance on punitive measures limited their ability to use positive feedback, tolerance and relational support strategies, which are regarded as more effective in fostering appropriate classroom behaviours by empowering students to take control of their own behaviour. These findings have important implications for teacher training programmes, and students learning. The paper concludes by asserting that like any other lessons, appropriate behaviours in classrooms need to be taught and nurtured not simply demanded.
The implementation of community based tourism model in the development of the Semambu Island tourism village, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra
Authors: Azni Ulfa Sevia , Alfitri Alfitri
Published: June 2020

This article examines the implementation of CBT model in the development of the Semambu Island Tourism Village. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive research type. Sampling is done by purposive sampling technique, and collecting data is done by in-depth interviews. This study aims to describe the application of CBT (Community Based Tourism) in the management of Semambu Island Tourism Village, the role of various stakeholders, and development in the management and development of Semambu Island Tourism Village in North Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency, South Sumatra. The results showed the concept of CBT applied to achieve tourism planning in this place was applied in the form of local community participation, the establishment of a tourism protection village, management of tourist attraction with an environmental perspective and the creation of community business activities. Management of tourist attractions in the Semambu Island Village emerged from the discovery of local communities. With several considerations concerning the development of Semambu Island Tourism Village, it still needs funding assistance from the local government, providing facilities and infrastructure as a tourist attraction, increasing the number of tourists, and the still limited ideas to add complementary businesses and Semambu Island Tourism Village.
Impact analysis of smartphone use and Youth Family Development (BKR) program on family disharmony in Magetan Regency
Authors: Nurhayati Puji , Nugraha Pratama Dharmika , Devi Heidy Paramitha , Utomo Andri Wahyu
Published: June 2020

This article examines the impact of the use of smart phone and BKR programs on family disharmony. Smartphone are devices that have both positif and negative effects. Indonesia is predicted to get a demographic bonus in 2020- 2030 with the highest number of teenagers, and the majority of smartphone users are teenagers. BKR is a program that serves to help parenting to avoid deviant behavior. This research uses quantitative methods, with primary data of 300 respondents. The sample of this study consisted of 150 PKK groups and 150 teenagers. Data collection technique is using questionnaire data. Data analysis technique is using path analysis and SPSS 21.0 software. The results of the study stated that the use of smartphone had a negative and not significant effect on family disharmony, smartphone usage had a negative and significant effect on BKR program and smartphone usage had a negative and significant effect on family disharmony. The use of a smart phone does not have an impact on family disharmony because of effective communication between family members. The existence of the BKR program is still needed to assist families in fostering their teenagers so that it is wiser to use a smartphone.
Metodologia para mapeamento de “sintomas" e “situação dos pacientes” com casos confirmados de COVID-19 nos municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Rizzatti Maurício , Lampert Batista Natália , Cezar Spode Pedro Leonardo , Bouvier Erthal Douglas , Turba Costa Iago , Mauro de Faria Rivaldo , Trentin Romario , Volpato Sccoti Anderson Augusto , Petsch Carina , Quoos João Henrique
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na apresentação metodológica para a organização dos dados, desde o download, tratamento no Microsoft Office Excel®, importação e união destes com as bases cartográficas no QGIS versão 3.12.3, possibilitando a construção de uma série de mapas com temáticas das informações disponibilizadas pelo Painel Coronavírus do RS. São dados de casos confirmados, sexo, número de casos hospitalizados, pacientes recuperados, entre outros dados, que são importantes para a avaliação da situação do estado e dos municípios frente ao avanço do vírus. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do Painel Coronavírus do estado do RS, em que é possível o download das informações na forma de planilha (Excel), na opção “Dados em CSV”. Após, os dados foram organizados por meio da ferramenta Tabela Dinâmica do Excel e finalizados cartograficamente no QGIS. Através dos mapas apresentados no trabalho, é possível evidenciar a proposta metodológica para sistematização dos dados por meio da Tabela Dinâmica, gerando um panorama cartográfico dos dados disponíveis no Painel Coronavírus – RS, podendo ser replicada para qualquer base de dados que apresente estrutura semelhante. Os mapas foram apresentados brevemente, com a descrição dos municípios com maiores índices e taxas de acordo com os temas mapeados, além do comportamento para os cinco municípios com a maior quantidade de casos confirmados. Assim, para realizar a interpretação e relação dos dados, é necessário um trabalho específico e mais aprofundado, que não é o objetivo deste texto.
NTCP gene polymorphisms and Hepatitis B virus infection status in a Ghanaian population
Authors: Nyarko Eric , Obirikorang Christian , Owiredu W.K.B.A. , Asamoah Evans Adu , Acheampong Emmanuel , Aidoo Freeman , Ofori Emmanuel , Addy Bright Selorm , Asare-Anane Henry
Published: June 2020

Background: SLC10A1 gene codes NTCP, a receptor through which the hepatitis B virus (HBV) gets access into hepatocytes - a stage of the viral cycle necessary for replication. Polymorphism variants of SLC10A1 play roles in HBV infection, viral clearance, treatment outcome, and complications, in diverse ethnic groups and countries. However, no such study has been conducted in the Ghanaian population, a country with HBV endemicity. Therefore, an exploratory study was conducted to investigate the presence of three (3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC10A1 gene (rs2296651, rs61745930, and rs4646287) and assessed the risk of HBV infection among the Ghanaian population. Method: Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to determine the presence of the SNPs among 292 participants comprising 146 HBV infected persons as case-subjects and 146 HBV non-infected persons as control-subjects. Results: The minor allele frequency (T) of rs2296651 was present in a significantly high proportion of cases compared with the control group (11.6% vs. 3.1%, p<0.0001). The homozygote recessive variant of rs61745930 was present in 2.7% of the control group and 5.5% of the case group. Moreover, the minor allele frequencies of rs4646287 were 9.3% and 8.2% among the control and the case group, respectively (p =0.767). Under the dominant (CC) genetic model of inheritance, rs2296651 was found to be protective of HBV infection [OR= 0.18 (0.07-0.44)], whereas under the co-dominant and additive model, rs2296651 was a potential risk factor for HBV infection [OR= 5.2 (95%CI: 2.1 -12.8); 3.5 (95%CI: 1.6 -7.6], respectively. Variants of rs61745930 and rs4646287 were not associated with HBV infection (p > 0.05). Polymorphisms in SLC10A1, however, did not show any significant association with HBV infectivity (p >0.05). Conclusion: The study highlights some polymorphism proof that variants rs2296651, rs61745930, and rs4646287 exist in HBV-infected individuals in Ghana. Although variant rs2296651 was found to be associated with HBV infection, this association warrants more studies. Polymorphisms in SLC10A1 were not associated with HBV infectivity among the Ghanaian population. Further investigation is warranted to assess the offensive role of the relationship between rs2296651 and HBV infectivity.
Moderate rate of transmitted resistance mutations to antiretrovirals and genetic diversity in newly HIV-1 patients diagnosed in Benin.
Authors: TCHIAKPE EDMOND , Keke Rene K , Vidal Nicole , Ahoussinou Clément , Sekpe Olga , Dagba Hermione G , Gbaguidi Eric , Tonoukouen Conrad , Afangnihoun Aldric , Bachabi Moussa , Gangbo Flore A , Ndiaye Halimatou Diop , Kane Coumba Toure
Published: June 2020

Objective Seventeen years after the start of the IBAARV (Beninese initiative for access to antiretrovirals), transmitted drug resistance mutations in ARV-naïve patients and HIV-1 genetic diversity were investigated in Benin. Results Drug resistance mutations were detected in (27/248; 10.9%) according to the WHO SDRM 2009 list, with a predominance of mutations directed against NNRTIs drugs (24/248; 10%). Phylogenetic and recombination analyses showed a predominance of CRF02_AG strains (165/248; 66.5%) and a high genetic diversity with five other variants and 39 URFs (15.7%) which contained portions of strains that co-circulate in Benin. Eight recent transmission chains revealed active ongoing transmission of HIV-1 strains among ARV-naïve patients.Our study showed a moderate primary drug resistance mutations rate and also provided recent data on the HIV-1 variants that circulate in Benin. Regular monitoring of primary drug resistance is required to adapt HIV-1 treatment strategies and adoption of new WHO recommendations in Benin.
Electroacupuncture preconditioning alleviates myocardial injury through regulating mitochondrial function.
Authors: Wang Chunai , Liang Xi , Yu Yan , Li Yulan , Wen Xiaohui , Liu Min
Published: June 2020

Background Electroacupuncture is well known for its advantageous neuroanalgesic and therapeutic effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of the present research was to verify whether electroacupuncture can alleviate bupivacaine-induced myocardial injury. Methods Specific-pathogen-free Wistar rats were used to establish the bupivacaine-induced myocardial injury model. Western blot, PCR, transmission electron microscope and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) methods were used to evaluate bupivacaine-induced structure injury and dysfunction of the mitochondria as well as the alleviating effects of lipid emulsion, acupoint injection, and electroacupuncture pre-treatment of the oxidase stress response. Results Bupivacaine caused structural damage, degradation, and swelling of mitochondria. Furthermore, it reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and impaired energy metabolism in the mitochondria. Structural and functional impairment of the mitochondria was alleviated via lipid emulsion injection, acupoint injection, and electroacupuncture pre-treatment. Electroacupuncture pre-treatment of PC6 yielded a greater alleviating effect than others approaches. Following electroacupuncture pre-treatment of PC6 point, the number of mitochondria increased; apoptosis was reduced, enzymatic activity of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) and superoxide dismutase and expression of uncoupling protein 2, voltage-dependent anion channel 1, and Bcl 2 were upregulated and SLC25A6, MDA levels were downregulated. Additionally, our findings indicated that electroacupuncture pre-treatment of PC6 point exerted an effect on the mitochondria via the mitochondrial-transcription-factor-A / nuclear-respiratory-factor-1 / proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma-coactivator -1 pathway. Conclusion The present study revealed that electroacupuncture pre-treatment of PC6 could effectively alleviate bupivacaine-induced myocardial mitochondrial damage, thereby providing a theoretical basis for clinical studies and applications of this treatment method.
Whole exome sequencing identifies a novel mutation in spermine synthase gene (SMS) associated with Snyder-Robinson Syndrome
Authors: Qazi Talal J. , Wu Qiao , Aierken Ailikemu , Lu Daru , Bukhari Ihtisham , Hussain Hafiz M. J. , Yang Jingming , Mir Asif , Qing Hong
Published: June 2020

Background: Loss of function mutations in the spermine synthase gene (SMS) have been reported to cause a rare X-linked intellectual disability known as Snyder-Robinson Syndrome (SRS). Besides intellectual disability, SRS is also characterized by reduced bone density, osteoporosis and facial dysmorphism. SRS phenotypes evolve with age from childhood to adulthood. Methods: Whole exome sequencing was performed to know the causative gene/pathogenic variant. Later we confirmed the pathogenic variant through Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, we also performed the mutational analysis through HOPE SERVER and SWISS-MODEL. Also, radiographs were also obtained for affected individual to confirm the disease features. Results: In this article, we report the first Pakistani family consisting of three patients with SRS and a novel missense pathogenic variant in the SMS gene (c.905 C>T p.(Ser302Leu)). In addition to the typical phenotypes, one patient presented with early-onset seizures. Clinical features, genetic and in-silico analysis linked the affected patients of the family with Snyder-Robinson and suggest that this novel mutation affects the spermine synthase activityConclusion: A novel missense variant in the SMS, c.905C >T p. (Ser302Leu), causing Snyder- Robinson Syndrome (SRS) is reported in three members of Pakistani Family.
Variations In Trim5α And Cyclophilin A Genes Among HIV-1 Elite Controllers and Non Controllers In Uganda; A Laboratory-Based Cross-sectional study
Authors: Amanya Sharon Bright , Nyiro Brian , Waswa Francis , Obura Bonniface , Nakaziba Rebecca , Nabulime Eva , Katabazi Ashaba Fred , Nabatanzi Rose , Bayiyana Alice , Mboowa Gerald , Kayongo Alex , Wayengera Misaki , Sande Obondo J.
Published: June 2020

Background Tripartite Motif Containing 5 alpha (TRIM5α), a restriction factor produced ubiquitously in cells and tissues of the body plays an important role in the immune response against HIV. TRIM5α targets the HIV capsid for proteosomal destruction. Cyclophilin A, an intracellular protein has also been reported to influence HIV infectivity in a cell-specific manner. Accordingly, variations in TRIM5α and Cyclophilin A genes have been documented to influence HIV-1 disease progression. However, these variations have not been documented among Elite controllers in Uganda and whether they play a role in viral suppression remains largely undocumented. Our study focused on identifying the variations in TRIM5α and Cyclophilin A genes among HIV-1 Elite controllers and non-controllers in Uganda.Results From the sequence analysis, the rs10838525 G>A mutation in exon 2 of TRIM5α was only found among elite controllers (30%) while the rs3824949 in the 5’UTR was seen among 25% of the non-controllers. In the Cyclophilin A promoter, rs6850 was seen among 62.5% of the non-controllers and only among 10% elite controllers. Furthermore, rs17860048 in the Cyclophillin A promoter was predominantly seen among elite controllers (30%) and 12.5% non-controllers. From gene expression analysis, we noted that the respective genes were generally elevated among elite controllers, however, this difference was not statistically significant (TRIM5α p=0.6095; Cyclophilin A p=0.6389). Conclusion Variations in TRIM5α and Cyclophillin A promoter may influence HIV viral suppression. The rs10838525 SNP in TRIM5α may contribute to viral suppression among HIV-1 elite controllers. The rs6850 in the cyclophillin A gene may be responsible for HIV-1 rapid progression among HIV-1 non-controllers. These SNPs should be investigated mechanistically to determine their precise role in HIV-1 viral suppression.
Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests of E. Coli and Salmonella from Diarrheic Calves in and Around Sebeta Town
Authors: Merera Olana , Regassa Atnafu , Gizaw Fikru , Adugna Biyansa , Abera Shubisa
Published: June 2020

Background

Calves are important assets for replacement of cows for the future dairy and beef herd sustainability. However, calf hood diseases have a significant financial impact on dairies resulting from treatment costs, genetic loss, and impaired future performance.
Objective

The purpose of the present research is for isolation and identification of Salmonella and E. coli infection in diarrheic calves, assessing risk factors for occurrence of calf diarrhea and examining antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria’s.
Methodology:

A cross- sectional study on the isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of E. coli and Salmonella was carried out on calves up to two months of age from November, 2018 to March, 2019 in and around Sebeta town, Ethiopia. The detection of E. coli and Salmonella was done by conventional bacteriological method and biolog (semiautomatic machine). The data was analyzed by Stata 12.
Results

It was found that the detection rate of E. coli and Salmonella from 129 sampled diarrheic calves were 65 (50.3%) and 8 (6.2%) respectively. Age (E. coli, X2 = 9.429, P = 0.024; Salmonella, X2 = 8.161, P = 0.043), sex (E. coli, X2 = 11.225, P = 0.001, though not significant for Salmonella) and feeding time of colostrum (X2 = 7.510, P = 0.023; Salmonella, X2 = 6.678, P = 0.036) were risk factors associated with the incidence of E. coli and Salmonella. The antimicrobial study revealed that most of the E. coli was highly susceptible to sulphamethoxazole˖trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and ampicillin and highly resistant to tetracycline (29.23%) and followed by polymixin B (6.1%), and from isolates of Salmonella all showed 100% susceptibility for sulphamethoxazole˖trimethoprim and polymixin B, 87% to Ampicillin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline while 75% to gentamicin.
Conclusion

Based on those findings, it can be concluded that calf diarrhea was found to be high and could affect dairy production in the study area. The triggering ecological, social and bacterial genetic factors for the widespread distribution of multidrug resistant Salmonella and E.coli are not known, thus requires comprehensive study.
Does frailty predict postoperative outcomes in geriatric patients receiving surgery for colorectal cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: YANG XIAOBO , Xu Chenying , Cao Jiumei , Xie Li , Qiu Qingqing , Hu Jiaan , Yu Lifen , Woo Jean
Published: June 2020

Background

Surgery remains the mainstay of colorectal cancer (CRC) and substantially reduces cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Preoperative assessment for frailty in geriatric patients is critically important in risk stratification and clinical decision-making. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to quantitatively summarise the effect of frailty on postoperative outcomes in geriatric patients receiving surgery for CRC.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane and EMBASE from inception to 30 April 2020. Fully published articles reporting risk estimate(s) of frailty on postoperative complication(s), readmission and/ or mortality in patients aged ≥65 years who received surgery for CRC were eligible for qualitative and quantitative analyses.

Results

Across 10 articles of 9 unique studies (n = 69332) that were eventually included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, overall prevalence of frailty was 23.0% (95% CI: 11–43%, I 2 = 100%). Odds ratios (ORs) on overall and severe postoperative complications were respectively increased by 2.36- (95% CI: 1.66–3.35, P <0.01; I 2 = 12%) and 2.35-fold (95% CI: 1.30–4.27, P <0.01; I 2 = 72%) in frail patients compared to non-frail counterparts. On pooled analysis, frailty was significantly associated with an increased risk of postoperative readmission (OR:1.91; 95% CI: 1.35–2.70, P <0.01; I 2 = 6%). Whilst a significantly higher risk of frailty on mortality during 12 months after CRC surgery was observed (OR: 5.52; 95% CI:4.40–6.92, P <0.01; I 2 = 89%), the summary OR on 30-day/ inpatient mortality crossed the null line (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 0.56–4.93, P = 0.37; I 2 = 55%). Funnel plot and Duval-Tweedie’s trim and fill test did not reveal significant publication bias.

Conclusions

In the studies reviewed, frailty appeared to be associated with increased risks for postoperative complications, readmission and mortality during 12 months in patients aged ≥65 years who received surgery for CRC. Nevertheless, no significant association between frailty and 30-day/ inpatient postoperative mortality was observed.
Who suffers from pharmaceutical poverty and what are their needs? Evidence from a Spanish region.
Authors: Rubio-Valera Maria , Marqués-Ercilla Silvia , Peñarrubia-Maria Maria Teresa , Urbanos-Garrido Rosa , Borrell Carme , Bosch Jordi , Sánchez-Viñas Alba , Aznar-Lou Ignacio
Published: June 2020

Background

Pharmaceutical poverty occurs when a patient cannot afford the cost of prescribed medication and/or medical products. Non-profit organisations are covering the cost of medication to those patients in some contexts. The aim of the study was to describe the population of beneficiaries of the PB, a non-governmental organization based on Primary Healthcare system, which provides free of charge access to medicines, and their utilization pattern of medicines and healthcare products.
Methods

This was an observational study using PB beneficiary data collected between November 2017 and December 2018 in Catalonia. The Catalan Health Service provided information from the general population. A descriptive analysis of the beneficiaries’ characteristics was conducted and compared to general population.
Results

The beneficiaries (N = 1206) were mainly adults with a low level of education, unemployed, with functional disability and with ≥ 1 children. Compared with the general population, the beneficiaries were older, had a lower level of education, showed a higher prevalence of functional disability, were less likely to be Spanish, and more likely to be divorced and unemployed. The beneficiaries were polymedicated and most were using medication related to the nervous (79%), musculo-skeletal (68%) and cardiovascular system (56%) and alimentary tract and metabolism (68%). Almost 19% of beneficiaries used healthcare products. Female beneficiaries were older and more likely to be divorced or widowed, employed and with children. Compared to men, women were more likely to use medicines for pain and mental disorders. The paediatric group used medications for severe, chronic conditions (heart diseases, autoimmune diseases, conduct disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).
Conclusions

Patients with severe, chronic and disabling conditions are affected by pharmaceutical poverty. While the system of co-payment remains unchanged, family physicians and paediatricians should explore economic barriers to treatment and direct their patients to resources that help to cover the cost of treatment.
Zimbabwe’s Indigenous SME Policy Framework, A Tool for Black Empowerment
Authors: Musabayana Godfrey Tambudzayi , Mutambara Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

Zimbabwe embarked on the policy to empower its local people through enacting into law a policy that targeted the empowerment of its citizens. The ‘Indigenisation and Empowerment Act’ (IEP) of Zimbabwe was made into law when the state President, Robert Mugabe signed the Act on March 7, 2008. It is stated in the (IEP) that the foreign-owned companies should offer at least 51 percent of their shares to indigenous Zimbabweans, and also provide for the creation of an empowerment fund to finance the acquisition of working capital, shares, and other forms of finance for indigenous people. The indigenisation process mainly focus on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as the key drivers of the new economic dispensation hence their performance is of great significance to this cause. This development was viewed by the citizens as the best strategy to implement in order to empower the nation to participate in the economic development of the country. Methodologically, the study critically analysed the literature of indigenization policies that were applied by some regions of the world and how they impacted on the disadvantaged groups. The researcher went on to analyse the Zimbabwean indigenous policies and how they impacted the SMEs and drew insights from the findings of other researchers.
The difference in clinical characteristics in the patients with unilateral oral cenesthopathy with and without the neurovascular compression of trigeminal nerve: A clinical chart review
Authors: Watanabe Kazuya , Watanabe Motoko , Suga Takayuki , Tu Trang Thi Huyen , Hong Chaoli , Liu Zhenyan , Takao Chihiro , Sakamoto Junichiro , Yoshino Norio , Umezaki Yojiro , Yoshikawa Tatsuya , Takenoshita Miho , Motomura Haruhiko , Kurabayashi Tohoru , Toyofuku Akira
Published: June 2020

Background

Oral cenesthopathy (OC) is characterized by unusual sensation in the oral cavity without corresponding medical and dental evidence. Their complaints are vary and some patients show sever symptoms which decline their quality of life. The neurovascular compression (NVC) of trigeminal nerves is known as one of the factors to indicate abnormal sensation in facial area including oral cavity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pathophysiology of OC by comparing the clinical characteristics of unilateral OC patients with and without trigeminal nerve NVC.
Methods

This is a retrospective study reviewing medical records of patients diagnosed with unilateral OC seen between April 2016 and February 2019. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) were performed to assess the presence of NVC.
Results

Among 321 patients who were diagnosed with OC, 87 patients showed unilateral OC. finally, 52 patients who were performed MRI were involved in the present investigation. In 48.1% subjects (25/52), NVC of trigeminal nerves was observed. In the patients without NVC, 85.2% (23/27) were female with significant difference (p = 0.010) compared to the patients with NVC (48.0%, 12/25). There was no significant difference in age, the presence of psychiatric history and psychosomatic dental comorbidity, and the scores of psychological questionnaires. However, in the patients without NVC, significantly higher scores were observed in the symptom severity and the functional impairment as follow; movement (p = 0.042), pain (p = 0.040), work (p = 0.013) and social activities (p = 0.015), compared to the group with NVC.
Conclusion

These results suggest that unilateral OC has two subtypes based on predominant involvement of peripheral or central nervous system (CNS). The unilateral OC with NVC may involve predominantly peripheral nervous system. Furthermore, the unilateral OC without trigeminal nerve NVC which showed severe functional impairment may be reflected predominant CNS involvement.
Comparison of Outcomes between Indirect Decompression of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion and MIS-TLIF in One Single-level Lumbar Spondylosis: a case control study
Authors: Hung Shih-Feng , Liao Jen-chung , Tsai Tsung-Ting , Li Yun-Da , Chiu Ping-Yeh , Hsieh Ming-Kai , Kao Fu-Cheng
Published: June 2020

Background

Minimal invasive spinal fusion has become popular in the last decade. Oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) is a relatively new surgical technique and could avoid back muscle stripping and posterior complex destruction as in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF).
Methods

Between December 2016 and September 2018, patients with single level degenerative spondylosis were selected to enroll in this retrospective study.
Results

A total of 21 patients that underwent OLIF and 41 patients that received MIS-TLIF were enrolled. OLIF showed significantly less blood loss and shorter surgery time compared to MIS-TLIF (p < 0.05). The improvement in segmental lordosis and coronal balance was significantly more in OLIF group than MIS-TLIF group (p < 0.05). When comparing with MIS-TLIF, OLIF was significantly better in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale for back pain improvement at post-operative 6 months (p < 0.05).
Conclusions

Both OLIF and MIS-TLIF are becoming a mainstream procedure for lumbar degenerative-related disease, especially for spondylolisthesis. However, OLIF has shown to have less perioperative blood loss and shorter surgery time than that of MIS-TLIF. In addition, OLIF gives superior clinical and radiographic outcomes. While both OLIF and MIS-TLIF provide optimal clinical outcomes, upon comparison between the two techniques, the anterolateral approach of OLIF seems to be a superior option in modern day.
Characteristics of Confirmed Novel Coronavirus Disease Cases at Shanghai East Hospital: A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Fan Chenghui , Qu Lihong , Guo Zhongliang , Zhang Jianhua , Wang Jun , Li Qin , Kang Sheng , Wang Yue , Xu Lei , Wang Wei , Yang Wenzhong , Zhou Ying , Wang Yuanyuan , Hao Ying , Li Ruilin , Sun Feng , Xue Junli
Published: June 2020

Background: Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the fever outpatient clinic has been open in Shanghai East Hospital (SEH). We analyzed the data for all 4,699 patients from SEH and the 27 confirmed COVID-19 cases among them to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases identified in the SEH. Methods: Data were collected for patients who visited the fever outpatient clinic in the SEH between January 23 and April 30, 2020. We compared the characteristics of confirmed cases, including age, occupation, area, symptoms, laboratory results, and computed tomography (CT) scans, by month.Results: By April 30, 4,699 patients had visited the fever outpatient clinic of the SEH; of those, 27 (0.57%) were confirmed COVID-19 cases. Among the confirmed domestic cases identified between January and February, four of five were from Wuhan, Hubei. Following the spread of the epidemic to other parts of the world, all confirmed cases identified in March–April were cases of individuals who were returning from abroad, mainly Chinese students living abroad. Further, all cases were from outside Shanghai, and no local residents were diagnosed in the clinic. Symptoms, laboratory tests, and CT scans were consistent with previous literature reports of positive COVID-19 cases. Conclusions: Given the necessity to control the spread of this epidemic domestically and abroad, the focus of COVID-19 prevention and control has shifted. In Shanghai, measures taken to prevent COVID-19 spread were very successful. Early isolation and quarantine are necessary and effective measures.
An Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal plants and Traditional practices of Ethnic people in Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Daddam Jayasimha Rayalu , Kotha Peddanna , Katike Umamahesh , Basha Sreenivasulu , Dowlathabad Muralidhara Rao
Published: June 2020

Ethnopharmological relevanceAnantapuram district is known for rich plant source and their traditional practices from long time by certain tribes for different diseases. Despite of increase in acceptance of traditional medicines in India, this rich indigenous knowledge about medicinal plants of Anantapuram district is not adequately documented previously.MethodsExtensive was done for past three years and a total of 66 plants from 66 species and 64 genera of 42 families were recorded. Interviews, Observations and guided talks with 415 participants were conducted to obtain ethno botanical data on medicinal plants grown and maintained in Anantapuram District of Andhra Pradesh, India. The names of plant species, their local name, mode of administration and parts used for different diseases are gathered with FIC and FL values.ResultsPlants widely used to cure the common symptoms of Intestinal disorders has highest agreement of FIC, followed by Toothache, Fever, Snake bite, Eye drops, Dermatological, Headache (0.88%), Hair shampoo (0.87%), Cut and Wounds (0.85%), Boils and Burns (0.84%), Bronchitis/cough (0.83%), Earache (0.82%), Pain (0.82%), Antihelmintic (0.81%), Diabetes (0.81%) and Stress (0.63%).ConclusionThis ethano botanical survey noticed that in Anantapuram very few medicinal plants were reported with their traditional use, can be an important economic source to develop this region and also planned exploitation is needed to make tribal people to continue folk medicine.
Validity of Two Simplified Algorithms of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia Consensus for Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Rural Community-Dwelling Older Adults in	Korea
Authors: Kim MiKyoung , Lee Ji-Yeon , Gil Cho-Rong , Chang Hee Kyung
Published: June 2020

Background: Sarcopenia, i.e., the decline of skeletal muscle tissue with age, is a key cause of functional deterioration and loss of independence in older adults, and increases the risks of fall, hospitalization, and mortality; it requires active prevention and management of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Existing diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia have typically been developed for European populations and may not be applicable to Asian populations. The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling Korean older adults, and validate two simplified diagnostic algorithms based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) algorithm for identifying sarcopenia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 388 community-dwelling older adults (254 women and 134 men, with a mean age of 77.8 ± 6.26 years [range, 65‒93 years]), from a rural area in Korea. Muscle strength was measured by hand grip strength, physical performance by gait speed, and muscle mass by skeletal muscle mass index (SMI). Sarcopenia was assessed using the AWGS-recommended algorithm as well as two simplified algorithms (A and B). Algorithms A and B were validated with respect to the AWGS-recommended algorithm using the chi-square test, and the sensitivity and specificity were obtained. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia, determined using the AWGS-recommended algorithm, was 41.7% and 40.3% in men and women, respectively. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 39.2% by the AWGS-recommended algorithm, 37.6% by algorithm A, and 37.6% by algorithm B; 137 participants were classified as sarcopenia by all three methods (p = .223).Conclusion: We established the prevalence of sarcopenia among rural community-dwelling adults in Korea and confirmed that the simplified algorithms were suitable for identification of sarcopenia in rural community-dwelling older adults in Korea. Further studies are needed to assess whether these simplified algorithms are also applicable to older Asian adults with functional and/or cognitive impairment, as well as nursing home residents.
WITHDRAWN: Participation in Non-Governmental Social Programs Aimed at Improving Early Childhood Development A Behavioral Economics Analysis
Authors: Serván-Mori Edson , Pineda-Antúnez Carlos , Bravo-Ruiz María L. , Molina Mariana , Ramírez-Baca Martin I. , García-Martínez Angélica , Quezada Amado , Orozco Emanuel
Published: June 2020

Background: It is generally assumed that participation in social programs is the result of an implicit decision based on several driving factors. Determinants of the decision-making process also affect the effectiveness of programs. Based on a behavioral economics (BE) approach, we analyzed the decision to participate in an early childhood development (ECD) program implemented in Mexico by a non-governmental organization (NGO).Methods: We conducted a literature review and a qualitative study of four localities participating in the ECD program. Situated in the state of Oaxaca, these communities were characterized by high and very high levels of social marginalization. From May 20 to 30, 2019, we collected primary data through semi-structured interviews (n=30) and focus groups (n=7) with a total of 61 informants (51 women and 10 men). We then performed an inductive systematic analysis of the data to identify documented cognitive bias associated with the decisions of individuals to participate and remain in or abandon social programs.Results: The interviewees were living in conditions of poverty, facing difficulties in meeting even their most basic needs including food. Program participants attached far greater weight to incentives such as the basic food basket than to the other benefits offered by the program. The four localities visited maintained traditional views of domestic roles and practices, particularly regarding child-rearing, where women were in charge of childcare, home care and food preparation. Problems linked to child malnutrition were a decisive factor in the decision of residents to participate and remain in the program. Testimonials gathered during the study demonstrated that the longer the mothers remained in the program, the more they understood and adopted the concepts promoted by the interventions.Conclusions: In contexts marked by economic vulnerability, it is essential that ECD programs create the necessary conditions for maximizing the benefits they offer. Our analysis suggests that cognitive load and present bias were the biases that most severely affected the decision-making capacity of beneficiaries. Therefore, considering loss aversion and improving the management of incentives can help policy makers design actions that “nudge” people into making the kinds of decisions that contribute to their well-being.
A retrospective study of using a three-dimensional printed kidney model to evaluate R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score: an educational tool to improve the diagnostic accuracy of urology residents
Authors: Yamazaki Masahiro , Takayama Tatsuya , Fujisaki Akira , Kamimura Tomoki , Myoga Hiroaki , Mayumi Shozaburo , Yazaki Kai , Katano Saki , Komatsubara Maiko , Kamei Jun , Sugihara Toru , Ando Satoshi , Fujimura Tetsuya
Published: June 2020

Background

The R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scoring system is used to evaluate the complexity of renal tumors; however, inconsistency among evaluators, especially junior physicians, is an issue. The objective of the study was to evaluate whether it is useful for junior physicians to use a three-dimensional (3D) kidney model when evaluating the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score.
Methods

An expert and four urology residents retrospectively evaluated the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores of 64 renal tumors (62 patients) which underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy at our hospital. The expert evaluated 64 R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry scores with computed tomography (CT) scan imaging, while four residents evaluated 32 cases using only CT and the other 32 cases using CT and 3D kidney model. Consistency between the expert and residents was assessed by Cohen’s kappa score. Patient-specific 3D kidney models were created in a gird style using a 3D printer based on the CT or magnetic resonance imaging of the patient.
Results

For all four residents, the accuracy of the overall R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score was significantly higher by 3D model and CT than CT only (p < 0.001). Regarding individual components of the R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score, the accuracy of “E,” “N,” “A,” and “L” scores was higher by 3D model and CT than by CT only (p = 0.020–0.089).
Conclusion

Patient-specific 3-D printed kidney model would improve the resident’s understanding of renal tumor complexity and could be an important educational tool for residents.
Education and Income Better Boost the Health of Non-Hispanic White than Black Americans
Authors: Assari Shervin , Bazargan Mohsen
Published: June 2020

Background. Socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as education and income influence population health including but not limited to self-rated health (SRH). Based on Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs), however, we observe weaker health effects SES indicators for non-Hispanic Blacks compared to non-Hispanic Whites. While such diminished returns of SES resources are shown in nationally representative data and Michigan data, there is still a need to replicate these findings in other settings. This is particularly relevant because the effects of social SES indicators are not universal but vary across geographic locations. This cross-sectional study tested racial differences in the effects of high educational attainment and income on SRH among Californian adults. Methods. Survey of California Adults on Serious Illness and End-of-Life is a representative survey of Californian adults conducted for the California Health Care Foundation. The independent variables were educational attainment and income. The main outcome was poor/fair SRH. Age, gender, marital status, and employment were control variables (confounders). Racial group membership was the effect modifier. Linear regression model was utilized to analyze the data. Results. Overall, higher education and income were associated with better SRH. Race showed significant statistical interactions with education and income on SRH, indicating weaker boosting effects of high education and income on SRH of non-Hispanic Blacks than non-Hispanic Whites. At least some of the diminished return of education on health for non-Hispanic Blacks than non-Hispanic Whites was due to income. Conclusions. While high education and income improve SRH of Californians, these effects are unequal between non-Hispanic Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites with education and income showing diminished health returns for non-Hispanic Blacks than non-Hispanic Whites. More than the availability of education and income, what populations can do with their education and income may be important. Under segregation, racism, and discrimination, education and income have weaker effects on changing the living condition of the historically oppressed racial group. To close the existing racial gap in health, we need much more than equalizing access to education and income. Education quality of urban public schools should be improved. Types of occupations that are available in Black communities should be improved. Meanwhile, non-Hispanic Black middle class should be helped so they can better leverage their SES resources and turn to outcomes. Such changes need a through change to the living conditions of non-Hispanic Blacks across all SES levels.
Baseline echocardiographic assessment of left ventricle kinetics alteration and mortality risk in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ceccato Davide , Gusella Beatrice , Grassi Mattia , Toffolon Alessandro , Postal Anna , Gorgi Davide , Capone Federico , Saller Alois , Cipriani Alberto , Sarais Cristiano , Vettor Roberto , Pesavento Raffaele
Published: June 2020

Background SARS-CoV2 infection are frequently associated with cardiovascular manifestations, in particular with symptomatic acute coronary syndromes, cardiac arrhythmias and acute heart failure. However, the elevation of serum troponin seems to be non specific, and a cardiologic diagnostic workup should be performed. We aimed to assess the clinical characteristic and the prevalence of left ventricular (LV) dyssynergy patterns in a cohort of hospitalized non-critically ill COVID-19 patientsMethods Consecutive patients with an objective diagnosis of COVID-19, from February to April 2020. Baseline characteristics and comorbidities was collected. In case of increased troponin levels or symptoms suggestive for a concomitant cardiac syndrome, patients undergo to serial electrocardiograms, serial Troponin tests and bedside transthoracic echocardiogram.Results 402 consecutive patients were enrolled: 55 patients underwent an echocardiographic exam because of an increase in troponin levels or a suspected myocardial injury. Segmental left ventricular abnormalities were found in 10 (median WMSI 2.03 IQR 1.38-2.75) with a median LV ejection fraction was 30.1 % IQR, median troponin level was 3083 ng/L, median BNP was 761 ng/L. Death for any cause occurred in 4 patients among patients with regional LV abnormalities and in 3 with normal regional function (p= 0,02).Discussion A single bedside transthoracic echocardiogram performed in non critically ill COVID-19 patients with suspected cardiac injury has the potential to better assist clinicians in their challenging decision process. As an isolated increase of troponin levels is common in COVID patients, a bed-side echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac function should be routinely implemented during their early evaluation.