bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strong interfacial coupling in vertical WSe2/WS2 heterostructure for high performance photodetection
Authors: You Wenxia , Zheng Biyuan , Xu Zheyuan , Jiang Ying , Zhu Chenguang , Zheng Weihao , Yang Xin , Sun Xingxia , Liang Jieyuan , Yi Xiao , Wang Tinghao , Gao Fei , Zhu Xiaoli , Yuan Quan , Li Dong , Pan Anlian
Published: May 2022

Two-dimensional van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures have shown great potential in the field of electronic and optoelectronic applications over the recent decade. However, the controlled preparation of high-quality vdWs heterostructures remains a great challenge ascribing to the incompatibility of different material synthesis processes. Here, we report a two-step chemical vapor deposition method for the growth of high quality WS2 on a WSe2 template with a very low temperature of ∼550 °C, where WO3 nanosheets formed in the first step are further employed as the precursor for synthesis of the top WS2 layer in the second step. Such low growth temperatures in the second step also enable the effective protection of bottom WSe2 during the WS2 growth process and, therefore, result in high-quality WSe2/WS2 heterostructures. Photoluminescence characterizations are further conducted, where significant interlayer exciton emission is observed, indicating strong interlayer coupling in the heterostructure. Based on the obtained WSe2/WS2 heterostructure, dual-channel photosensitive devices were further designed and systematically studied, where high photoresponsivity (3 A/W) as well as fast response speed (<1 ms) are obtained. The developed WO3-assisted growth technique would provide an effective reference for the controlled synthesis of high quality vdWs heterostructures and promote further applications in high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Simultaneous solar rejection and infrared emission switching using an integrated dielectrics-on-VO2 metasurface
Authors: Araki Ken , Zhang Richard Z.
Published: May 2022

Passive infrared emittance switching can be achieved with a metal-to-insulating phase transition material vanadium dioxide (VO2), but its non-transitioning bandgap results in high absorptance in the visible wavelength range. To achieve a half-order reduction of absorptance in the visible to near-infrared region, we design integrated dielectric photonic metasurface structures on monolithic VO2 coatings. This combination of nano/micro-patterned dielectric diffractive and resonant gratings with a multilayer VO2 structure preserves the terrestrial thermal wavelength emission switching capabilities. We demonstrate a periodic microscale diffractive prism array, comparing the reflectance provided by either infrared-transparent germanium (Ge) or silicon (Si). Despite the advantage of total internal reflection in the broad near-infrared region, some bandgap absorption limits the performance in the visible wavelengths. A better theoretical means to reflect broadband light via waveguide-like Fabry–Pérot resonance are near-wavelength 1D and 2D High Contrast Grating (HCG) high-index metasurface structures surrounded by a low-index host medium. This HCG metasurface allows broadband high-quality reflection within the dual-mode (or tri-mode) region from 1.0 to 2.2 µm wavelengths for HCG with a refractive index of 4.0, which corresponds to Ge. This study investigates the advantages and disadvantages along with the thermal performance of these metasurface augments aimed to enable thermally switchable passive radiative cooling—thermal emission exceeding solar absorption—of solar cells, terrestrial buildings, and energy storage devices.
Kinetic modeling of neutral transport for a continuum gyrokinetic code
Authors: Bernard T. N. , Halpern F. D. , Francisquez M. , Mandell N. R. , Juno J. , Hammett G. W. , Hakim A. , Wilkie G. J. , Guterl J.
Published: May 2022

We present the first-of-its-kind coupling of a continuum full-f gyrokinetic turbulence model with a 6D continuum model for kinetic neutrals, carried out using the Gkeyll code. Our objective is to improve the first-principle understanding of the role of neutrals in plasma fueling, detachment, and their interaction with edge plasma profiles and turbulence statistics. Our model includes only atomic hydrogen and incorporates electron-impact ionization, charge exchange, and wall recycling. These features have been successfully verified with analytical predictions and benchmarked with the DEGAS2 Monte Carlo neutral code. We carry out simulations for a scrape-off layer (SOL) with simplified geometry and National Spherical Torus Experiment parameters. We compare these results to a baseline simulation without neutrals and find that neutral interactions reduce the normalized density fluctuation levels and associated skewness and kurtosis, while increasing auto-correlation times. A flatter density profile is also observed, similar to the SOL density shoulder formation in experimental scenarios with high fueling.
Revisiting a class of modified pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann models for single-component multiphase flows
Authors: Gao Shangwen , Zhang Chengbin , Zhang Yingjuan , Chen Qiang , Li Bo , Wu Suchen
Published: May 2022

Since its emergence, the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann (LB) method has been regarded as a straightforward and practical approach for simulating single-component multiphase flows. However, its original form always results in a thermodynamic inconsistency, which, thus, impedes its further application. Several strategies for modifying the force term have been proposed to eliminate this limitation. In this study, four typical and widely used improved schemes—Li's single-relaxation-time (SRT) scheme [Li et al., “Forcing scheme in pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model for multiphase flows,” Phys. Rev. E 86, 016709 (2012)] and multiple-relaxation-times (MRT) scheme [Li et al., “Lattice Boltzmann modeling of multiphase flows at large density ratio with an improved pseudopotential model,” Phys. Rev. E 87, 053301 (2013)], Kupershtokh's SRT scheme [Kupershtokh et al., “On equations of state in a lattice Boltzmann method,” Comput. Math. Appl. 58, 965 (2009)], and Huang's MRT scheme [Huang and Wu, “Third-order analysis of pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model for multiphase flow,” J. Comput. Phys. 327, 121 (2016)]—are systematically analyzed and intuitively compared after an extension of the MRT framework. The theoretical and numerical results both indicate that the former three schemes are specific forms of the last one, which thus help further understand the improvements of these pseudopotential LB models for achieving thermodynamic consistency. In addition, we modified the calculation of the additional source term in the LB evolution equation. Numerical results for stationary and moving droplets confirm the higher accuracy.
Defining the temperature of an isolated molecule
Authors: Barbatti Mario
Published: May 2022

The microcanonical temperature of an isolated molecule is derived in terms of Boltzmann and Gibbs volume entropies within the quantum harmonic vibrational and equivalent degenerated model approximations. The effects of the entropy functional choice and various approximations are examined. The difference between Boltzmann and Gibbs volume temperatures is negligible for molecules bigger than ten atoms. However, it is significant for smaller systems, opening a way to probe them experimentally. A simple, analytical expression of the temperature as a function of the vibrational energy is provided, allowing predictions with a ±3% margin of error compared to the exact harmonic estimate. The microcanonical temperature is discussed and exemplified with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules and other molecules of astrophysical interest.
Analytical and numerical study of capillary rise in sinusoidal wavy channel: Unveiling the role of interfacial wobbling
Authors: Ma Binjian , Li Dafeng , Yang Huizhu
Published: May 2022

Capillary rise is ubiquitous in engineering applications and natural phenomena. In straight channels, the dynamics of capillary rise have been thoroughly investigated and are well understood. However, for nonuniform channels of varying radius, the dynamics remain largely unclear. In this study, the capillary rise in a sinusoidal wavy channel is investigated both analytically and numerically. Specifically, the capillary rate-of-rise of water in sinusoidal channels with different contraction frequencies and amplitudes is derived based on the principle of energy conservation. The change in capillary velocity and height over time is further validated by two-phase flow simulations based on the conservative level-set method. The results reveal a strong viscous dissipation in the interfacial region resulting from the wave-like wobbling motion of the liquid–air interface, constituting more than 50% of the total viscous dissipation when the channel profile changes rapidly. Failing to account for this interfacial effect will result in significant overestimations of the capillary velocity and erroneous predictions of the capillary rise curve, typically more than 4 times difference in the capillary velocity and more than 2.5 times difference in the time taken to arrive at the maximum height.
A method for partitioning the sources of aerodynamic loading noise in vortex dominated flows
Authors: Seo Jung-Hee , Menon Karthik , Mittal Rajat
Published: May 2022

Aerodynamic loading noise is the primary noise component in a wide range of applications. While it is well known that the loading noise is generated by the time-varying aerodynamic forces on the surface, further segregation of the loading noise into the components related to the flow structures and fluid dynamic mechanisms would be useful in pinpointing the source mechanisms for this noise. In the present study, an aeroacoustic partitioning method which can decompose the loading noise into the components associated with their generation mechanism as well as specific vortex structures is proposed. The method combines a previously developed force partitioning method with acoustic analogy-based sound prediction. The method is applied to the canonical dipole sound generation by a circular cylinder as well as the loading noise generation by a pitching airfoil. The results demonstrate the ability of the method to identify the dominant loading noise generation mechanisms and enable quantification of the effect of the vortex structures around the body on the generation of the loading noise.
Thermoelastic stresses in high-power CW diode laser arrays assembled on CuW and AlN submounts
Authors: Gordeev V.P. , Oleshchenko V.A. , Bezotosnyi V.V.
Published: May 2022

Comparative results are presented of 3D-calculation for thermoelastic stress (TES) profiles in diode laser arrays (LDAs) assembled on CuW and AlN submounts (temperature compensators) and operating at a continuous-wave (CW) thermal power load of up to 220 W. For the first time, the simulation has revealed substantial differences in the maximal TES values for the arrays assembled on CuW and AlN submounts, as well as pronounced features of TES distribution in LDA assemblies, in particular, near the rear (highly reflecting) mirror of the laser diode cavity in similar geometries of temperature compensators. Results of the numerical simulation qualitatively agree with thorough measurements of spectral distributions over the LDA emitting aperture. The obtained results are interesting for mastering the production technologies of high-power devices aimed at improving their output parameters and service life.
Attenuation of the intensities of spectral components of a multiwavelength pulsed laser system by means of the Bragg diffraction of radiation by several acoustic waves
Authors: Machikhin A.S. , Sharikova M.O. , Lyashenko A.I. , Kozlov A.B. , Pozhar V.E. , Lomonov V.A. , Stoikova E.
Published: May 2022

A method for controlling precisely the intensities of several spectral components of radiation generated by a multiwavelength laser system is described. The method is based on the use of simultaneous Bragg diffraction by a set of acoustic waves of corresponding frequencies and adjustment of their amplitudes. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated by the example of a multiwavelength system based on a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) with intracavity parametric generation of a signal wave (1572 nm) and extracavity light conversion into higher harmonics and sum frequencies. An independent control of intensity ratio for four spectral components in the visible range (452, 532, 635, and 786 nm) is obtained by precisely controlled attenuation of acoustic-wave amplitudes using an original 4-channel acousto-optical polychromator.
Interaction of an array of single-electron quantum dots with a microcavity field with allowance for Coulomb correlations
Authors: Tsukanov A.V. , Kateev I.Yu.
Published: May 2022

We consider an ordered array of semiconductor single-electron quantum dots located in the antinode of a mode of a microcavity based on a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The influence of Coulomb effects on the energy exchange between quantum dots and the mode is studied in arrays for different numbers of dots. The stability of resonant electron – photon dynamics is analysed as a function of technological deviations of the dot parameters caused by the imperfection of the manufacturing procedure. Using the data of numerical simulation of the spectroscopic response of the system, criteria are formulated for using such a structure as a detector of localised charges. The parameters of the photonic crystal are chosen, which make it possible to implement the proposed measurement scheme.
Evaluation of a novel research trap for surveys of blue swimmer crab populations
Authors: Hanamseth Roshan , Johnson Daniel D. , Schilling Hayden T. , Suthers Iain M. , Taylor Matthew D.
Published: May 2022

Surveying free-ranging crab populations is important for monitoring the health of exploited stocks and predicting future productivity. Here, we present a novel research trap design for use in fisheries-independent surveys of blue swimmer crab (Portunus armatus) populations, and evaluate the trap against some existing approaches within an independent survey framework. Specifically, the trap design aimed to improve efficiency for capturing smaller crabs, without adversely affecting catches of larger crabs. We quantify and report the abundance and selectivity of these traps, relative to co-located samples obtained using beam trawls and standard commercial round traps, to establish whether these small-mesh traps may offer any improvements over existing survey methods. Comparison and evaluation of these small-mesh traps against other existing survey gear, in different places and at different times, showed that the traps are more effective at catching smaller crabs when they are present, and equally or more effective at catching larger size classes of crabs. The beam trawl appeared to be effective at capturing a reasonable size range of crabs; however, the number of crabs caught (using a similar investment of time) was substantially lower than that caught in traps. This novel small-mesh research trap appears suitable for fisheries-independent surveys of portunid crab species.
Single molecule tracking of bacterial cell surface cytochromes reveals dynamics that impact long-distance electron transport
Authors: Chong Grace W. , Pirbadian Sahand , Zhao Yunke , Zacharoff Lori A. , Pinaud Fabien , El-Naggar Mohamed Y.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Multiheme cytochromes inShewanella oneidensisMR-1 transport electrons across the cell wall, in a process called extracellular electron transfer. These electron conduits can also enable electron transport along and between cells. While the underlying mechanism is thought to involve a combination of electron hopping and lateral diffusion of cytochromes along membranes, these diffusive dynamics have never been observed in vivo. Here, we observe the mobility of quantum dot-labeled cytochromes on living cell surfaces and membrane nanowires, quantify their diffusion with single-particle tracking techniques, and simulate the contribution of these dynamics to electron transport. This work reveals the impact of redox molecule dynamics on bacterial electron transport, with implications for understanding and harnessing this process in the environment and bioelectronics.
The expression of directed caused accompanied motion (CAM) events in Chipaya
Authors: Hannss Katja
Published: May 2022

The paper investigates the expression of directed caused accompanied motion (directed CAM) events in Chipaya, an endangered isolate of the Bolivian highlands. Directed CAM events are defined through the following four components: motion; causation; accompaniment; and directedness. Chipaya has only two take verbs that express these notions: ʂixk‑ ‘take’ and tʃhitʃh
‑ ‘take.to’. Directed CAM events in Chipaya are expressed either through these verbs or by manner-specific CAM verbs when these are subordinated to ʂixk‑ ‘take’ and tʃhitʃh
‑ ‘take.to’. The findings presented in the following result from a project on “Cross-linguistic patterns in the encoding of three-participant events – investigating BRING and TAKE”, drawing on data from fieldwork by the Chipaya DobeS team.
Expressions of directed caused accompanied motion events in Totoli, a western Austronesian language of Indonesia
Authors: Himmelmann Nikolaus P. , Riesberg Sonja
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses expressions of directed caused accompanied motion (directed CAM) events in Totoli, a western Austronesian language of eastern Indonesia. The most frequent strategy to express directed CAM events in Totoli is to combine a take verb with one of two directional clitics that denote motion either towards or away from the deictic centre. The goal of the directed motion can be made explicit by including a prepositional phrase or by applicative or voice morphology. Alternatively, a hold verb, a carry verb, or, very rarely, an accompaniment verb can be used, again requiring directionals and applicative morphology.
Response of Ti6321 titanium alloy at different strain rates under tensile loading
Authors: Yan Zhiwei , Wang Lin , Xu Xuefeng , Zhou Zhe , Liu Anjin , Ning Zixuan
Published: May 2022

To investigate mechanical properties of Ti6321 titanium alloy, tensile tests at different strain rates are carried out. The changes of microstructure and properties at the range of 10−3 s−1–105 s−1 have been studied. Lower density and larger size of dimples produce when stretched at high strain rates of 103 s−1 compared to quasi-static stretching. The yield strengths of the alloy are 805, 1096 and 2440 MPa at strain rates of 10−3 s−1, 2 × 103 s−1 and 105 s−1, respectively with obvious strain rate strengthening effect. At 105 s−1 strain rate, parallel twins generate at grain boundaries to coordinate the deformation when dislocations cannot meet indicating the twinning mechanism comes into play.
Topological confinement in Skyrme holography
Authors: Cartwright Casey , Harms Benjamin , Kaminski Matthias , Thomale Ronny
Published: May 2022

We study phase transitions in five-dimensional Einstein gravity with a negative cosmological constant, coupled to a Skyrme matter field. These transitions are topological generalizations of the Hawking–Page transition between thermal anti de Sitter (AdS) spacetime and an AdS black hole. Phases are characterized by a topological number associated with the Skyrme field configuration. Depending on that topological number and on the Skyrme coupling strength, there occur transitions between those phases at two, one, or no value(s) of the temperature. Through the holographic (AdS/CFT) correspondence, these solutions are dual to topologically non-trivial states in a conformal field theory with an SU(2)-symmetry, which support either confined or deconfined (quasi-)particles at strong coupling. We compare to similar known phase transitions, and discuss potential applications to confinement in topological phases of condensed matter and the quark–gluon plasma.
Enhanced performance of GaAs-based betavoltaic batteries by using AlGaAs hole/electron transport layers
Authors: Zheng Renzhou , Lu Jingbin , Wang Yu , Liang Lei , Zeng Yugang , Qin Li , Chen Yongyi , Zhang Xue , Chen Ziyi , Li Xiaoyi , Yuan Xinxu , Liu Yumin
Published: May 2022

The GaAs-based betavoltaic batteries with

63

Ni

source were demonstrated, in which the AlGaAs hole/electron transport layers were introduced to enhance the transport and collection of radiation-induced carriers. The Monte Carlo codes and COMSOL Multiphysics were combined to predict the output performance of batteries and optimize the structure parameters of energy converter. And the optimized GaAs-based battery with a 6 mCi cm−2

63

Ni

source was expected to achieve a short-circuit current density (J

sc
) of 85.6 nA cm−2, an open-circuit voltage (V

oc
) of 0.67 V and a maximum output power density (P

m
) of 43.3 nW cm−2. Then the GaAs/AlGaAs films were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and the comb-like electrodes were designed to reduce the absorption loss of beta particles in the p-plane electrode. The photoluminescence and x-ray diffraction were carried out to characterize the growth quality of epitaxial materials. The experimental results showed that the largest J

sc
of 9.3 nA cm−2, V

oc
of 55 mV and P

m
of 143.9 pW cm−2 can be achieved on the 2-busbar electrode battery. And the temperature dependence tests showed that when the temperature decreased to 233.15 K, the V

oc
and P

m
increased to 208 mV and 570.5 pW cm−2, respectively. Further improvements in fabrication process are needed to reduce the gap between experiment and prediction. In addition, the optimized structure of energy converter suggests the directions for enhancing the performance of betavoltaic batteries.
Enhanced carrier collection efficiency of GeSn single quantum well towards all-group-IV photonics applications
Authors: Olorunsola Oluwatobi , Said Abdulla , Ojo Solomon , Abernathy Grey , Saha Samir , Wangila Emmanuel , Grant Joshua , Stanchu Hryhorii , Acharya Sudip , Du Wei , Jheng Yue-Tong , Chang Guo-En , Li Baohua , Salamo Gregory , Yu Shui-Qing
Published: May 2022

GeSn-based quantum wells (QWs) are of great interests for the development of all-group-IV optoelectronic devices such as lasers. Using a GeSn buffer and SiGeSn barrier has been studied with the aim of obtaining a direct bandgap well and increasing the carrier confinement. However, the carrier collection efficiency with such a configuration remains unsatisfactory. In this work, a single QW with additional GeSn barrier inserted between the GeSn well and the SiGeSn barrier was grown and characterized. Under relatively low carrier injection, the photoluminescence results show dramatically enhanced emission from the QW compared to the reference samples with only SiGeSn barrier, indicating a significantly improved carrier collection efficiency of the well.
Computational study on the affinity of potential drugs to SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Authors: Martín Verónica , Sanz-Novo Miguel , León Iker , Redondo Pilar , Largo Antonio , Barrientos Carmen
Published: May 2022

Herein, we report a computational investigation of the binding affinity of dexamethasone, betamethasone, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to SARS-CoV-2 main protease using molecular and quantum mechanics as well as molecular docking methodologies. We aim to provide information on the anti-COVID-19 mechanism of the abovementioned potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Hence, the 6w63 structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was selected as potential target site for the docking analysis. The study includes an initial conformational analysis of dexamethasone, betamethasone, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. For the most stable conformers, a spectroscopic analysis has been carried out. In addition, global and local reactivity indexes have been calculated to predict the chemical reactivity of these molecules. The molecular docking results indicate that dexamethasone and betamethasone have a higher affinity than chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for their theoretical 6w63 target. Additionally, dexamethasone and betamethasone show a hydrogen bond with the His41 residue of the 6w63 protein, while the interaction between chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine with this amino acid is weak. Thus, we confirm the importance of His41 amino acid as a target to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro activity.
Vision measurement for flat parts based on local line-angle contour segmentation
Authors: Huang Shifu , Qin Hengfeng , Zhou Zhaofeng
Published: May 2022

In order to detect the size information of complex flat parts, this paper proposed a method for flat part measurement based on local line-angle contour segmentation. After processing the images taken by photos and edge detection, we obtained sub-pixel part contours. Then, the local line-angles of the part contours were calculated, processed and analyzed, and so on the features of the connection between the geometric primitives of different line segments on its contour were obtained. The segmentation of the part contour came true. Next, a line segmentation error model was built, and then we got the parameters of the contour segment and the key points of the components by iterative fitting the segmented line and pinpointing the location of the segmentation. Afterwards a binocular vision model provided the spatial point cloud of the key points. As a result, the size information of the parts were acquired after analyzation and calculation. The present method can successfully measure the multiple size of the complex flat parts, which is more efficient and precise.
Fabrication and characterization of InSb nanosheet/hBN/graphite heterostructure devices
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Yuanjie , Pan Dong , Huang Shaoyun , Zhao Jianhua , Xu H Q
Published: May 2022

Semiconductor InSb nanosheet/hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/graphite trilayers are fabricated, and single- and double-gate devices made from the trilayers are realized and characterized. The InSb nanosheets employed in the trilayer devices are epitaxially grown, free-standing, zincblende crystals and are in micrometer lateral sizes. The hBN and graphite flakes are obtained by exfoliation. Each trilayer is made by successively stacking an InSb nanosheet on an hBN flake and on a graphite flake using a home-made alignment stacking/transfer setup. The fabricated single- and double-gate devices are characterized by electrical and/or magnetotransport measurements. In all these devices, the graphite and hBN flakes are employed as the bottom gates and the gate dielectrics. The measurements of a fabricated single bottom-gate field-effect device show that the InSb nanosheet in the device has an electron field-effect mobility of ∼7300 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a low gate hysteresis of ∼0.05 V at 1.9 K. The measurements of a double-gate Hall-bar device show that both the top and the bottom gate exhibit strong capacitive couplings to the InSb nanosheet channel and can thus tune the nanosheet channel conduction effectively. The electron Hall mobility in the InSb nanosheet of the Hall-bar device is extracted to be larger than 1.1 × 104 cm2 V−1 s−1 at a sheet electron density of ∼6.1 × 1011 cm
−2 and 1.9 K and, thus, the device exhibits well-defined Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations.
First principles study of SnX2 (X = S, Se) and Janus SnSSe monolayer for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Nautiyal Himanshu , Scardi Paolo
Published: May 2022

Tin-based chalcogenides are of increasing interest for thermoelectric applications owing to their low-cost, earth-abundant, and environmentally friendly nature. This is especially true for 2D materials, in which breaking of the structural symmetry plays a crucial role in tuning the electronic properties. 2D materials present a unique opportunity to manipulate the electronic and thermal properties by transforming a monolayer into a Janus monolayer. In the present work, we have investigated the thermoelectric properties of hexagonal SnS2, SnSe2 monolayer, and Janus SnSSe monolayer. Density functional theoretical calculations points out the hexagonal Janus SnSSe monolayer as a potential high-performing thermoelectric material. Results for the Janus SnSSe monolayer show an ultra-low thermal conductivity originating from the low group velocity of the low-lying optical modes, leading to superior zT values of 0.5 and 3 at 300 K and 700 K for the p-type doping, respectively.
In-situ/operando characterization techniques for organic semiconductors and devices
Authors: Jiang Sai , Dai Qinyong , Guo Jianhang , Li Yun
Published: May 2022

The increasing demands of multifunctional organic electronics require advanced organic semiconducting materials to be developed and significant improvements to be made to device performance. Thus, it is necessary to gain an in-depth understanding of the film growth process, electronic states, and dynamic structure-property relationship under realistic operation conditions, which can be obtained by in-situ/operando characterization techniques for organic devices. Here, the up-to-date developments in the in-situ/operando optical, scanning probe microscopy, and spectroscopy techniques that are employed for studies of film morphological evolution, crystal structures, semiconductor-electrolyte interface properties, and charge carrier dynamics are described and summarized. These advanced technologies leverage the traditional static characterizations into an in-situ and interactive manipulation of organic semiconducting films and devices without sacrificing the resolution, which facilitates the exploration of the intrinsic structure-property relationship of organic materials and the optimization of organic devices for advanced applications.
Structural evolution of low-dimensional metal oxide semiconductors under external stress
Authors: Zhao Peili , Li Lei , Chen Guoxujia , Guan Xiaoxi , Zhang Ying , Meng Weiwei , Zhao Ligong , Li Kaixuan , Jiang Renhui , Jia Shuangfeng , Zheng He , Wang Jianbo
Published: May 2022

Metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are attractive candidates as functional parts and connections in nanodevices. Upon spatial dimensionality reduction, the ubiquitous strain encountered in physical reality may result in structural instability and thus degrade the performance of MOS. Hence, the basic insight into the structural evolutions of low-dimensional MOS is a prerequisite for extensive applications, which unfortunately remains largely unexplored. Herein, we review the recent progress regarding the mechanical deformation mechanisms in MOSs, such as CuO and ZnO nanowires (NWs). We report the phase transformation of CuO NWs resulting from oxygen vacancy migration under compressive stress and the tensile strain-induced phase transition in ZnO NWs. Moreover, the influence of electron beam irradiation on interpreting the mechanical behaviors is discussed.
DASP: Defect and Dopant ab-initio Simulation Package
Authors: Huang Menglin , Zheng Zhengneng , Dai Zhenxing , Guo Xinjing , Wang Shanshan , Jiang Lilai , Wei Jinchen , Chen Shiyou
Published: May 2022

In order to perform automated calculations of defect and dopant properties in semiconductors and insulators, we developed a software package, the Defect and Dopant ab-initio Simulation Package (DASP), which is composed of four modules for calculating: (i) elemental chemical potentials, (ii) defect (dopant) formation energies and charge-state transition levels, (iii) defect and carrier densities and (iv) carrier dynamics properties of high-density defects. DASP uses the materials genome database for quick determination of competing secondary phases when calculating the elemental chemical potential that stabilizes compound semiconductors. DASP calls the ab-initio software to perform the total energy, structural relaxation and electronic structure calculations of the defect supercells with different charge states, based on which the defect formation energies and charge-state transition levels are calculated. Then DASP can calculate the equilibrium densities of defects and electron and hole carriers as well as the Fermi level in semiconductors under different chemical potential conditions and growth/working temperature. For high-density defects, DASP can calculate the carrier dynamics properties such as the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and carrier capture cross sections which can interpret the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Here we will show three application examples of DASP in studying the undoped GaN, C-doped GaN and quasi-one-dimensional SbSeI.
A new vertical instability predictor via precursor oscillation detection with performance monitoring of equilibrium controller
Authors: Inoue S. , Miyata Y. , Urano H. , Suzuki T.
Published: May 2022

We first propose an accurate and robust vertical instability predictor by using a support vector machine (SVM), one of the machine learning methods. The predictor is trained to detect precursor oscillation by using newly introduced classification parameters to measure the equilibrium controller performance, which is obtained by the adaptive voltage allocation scheme (Inoue et al 2021 Nuclear Fusion
61 096009). Furthermore, multi-layered preprocessing filters are newly introduced for the SVM training/prediction, which improves the prediction accuracy under highly imbalanced conditions, where

∼
500

disruptive data while

∼
3
×
1

0

6

non-disruptive data. The classification parameters can be calculated only by the current centroid, which suggests that the proposed predictor is robust against the extrapolation for the experiment and will be validated in JT-60SA experiments.
Coherence-resonance chimeras in coupled HR neurons with alpha-stable Lévy noise
Authors: Wang Zhanqing , Li Yongge , Xu Yong , Kapitaniak Tomasz , Kurths Jürgen
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we have investigated the collective dynamical behaviors of a network of identical Hindmarsh–Rose neurons that are coupled under small-world schemes upon the addition of α-stable Lévy noise. According to the firing patterns of each neuron, we distinguish the neuronal network into spike state, burst state and spike-burst state coexistence of the neuron with both a spike firing pattern and a burst firing pattern. Moreover, the strength of the burst is proposed to identify the firing states of the system. Furthermore, an interesting phenomenon is observed that the system presents coherence resonance in time and chimera states in space, namely coherence-resonance chimeras (CRC). In addition, we show the influences of α-stable Lévy noise (noise intensity and stable parameter) and the small-world network (the rewiring probability) on the spike-burst state and CRC. We find that the stable parameter and noise intensity of the α-stable noise play a crucial role in determining the CRC and spike-burst state of the system.
Systematic study of LED stimulated recovery of radiation damage in optical materials
Authors: Sahbaz K.K. , Bilki B. , Dapo H. , Karslioglu I.G. , Kaya C. , Kaya M. , Tosun M.
Published: May 2022

The radiation damage in optical materials mostly manifests itself as the loss of optical transmittance. The optical materials recover from radiation damage to some extent when the radiation exposure is stopped. The recovery is at a faster rate in the presence of stimulating light. On the other hand, a systematic study of the dynamics of the recovery as a function of the stimulating light parameters such as its wavelength, intensity and exposure duration and method has not been performed in detail yet.

We established an LED recovery station which provides pulsed and continuous light at various wavelengths at custom geometries. We irradiated soda lime glass samples at a rate of 87.5 Gy/min to a total dose of 3.5 kGy and 7.0 kGy. The optical transmittance of the samples were then measured in 200 nm–1500 nm range for an extended period of time. The recovery from radiation damage is improved, both in terms of timing and quantity, as the wavelength of the stimulating light decreases. Around 50% improvement was measured both in recovery rate and the permanent damage when UV LED with a wavelength of 396 nm was used for stimulation. The trend is such that wavelengths deeper in the UV range would result in faster and more effective recovery from radiation damage. The LED stimulated recovery technique from radiation damage is a feasible implementation for the optical active media of radiation and particle detectors which operate in high radiation environments.
A biomimetic compound eye lens for photocurrent enhancement at low temperatures
Authors: Han Sanghu , Sung Jaebum , Ko Byeongjo , Kwon Minjun , Kim Sewon , So Hongyun
Published: May 2022

In this study, an artificial compound eye lens (ACEL) was fabricated using a laser cutting machine and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. A laser cutter was used to punch micro-sized holes (500 μm diameter—the smallest possible diameter) into an acrylic plate; this punched plate was then placed on the aqueous PVA solution, and the water was evaporated. The plate was used as the mold to obtain a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micro lens array film, which was fixed to a dome-shaped three-dimensional-printed mold for further PDMS curing, and a hemispherical compound eye lens was obtained. Using a gallium nitride (GaN) photodetector, a light detection experiment was performed with the ACEL, bare lens, and no lens by irradiating light at various angles under low temperatures. The photodetector with the ACEL generated a high photocurrent under several conditions. In particular, when the light was irradiated at 0° and below −20 °C, the photocurrent of the GaN sensor with the ACEL increased by 61% and 81% compared with the photocurrent of the GaN sensor with the bare lens and without a lens, respectively. In this study, a sensor for detecting light with ACEL was demonstrated in low-temperature environments, such as indoor refrigerated storages and external conditions in Antarctica and Arctic.
Innovative electrospun PCL/fibroin/l-dopa scaffolds scaffolds supporting bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Marin Elia , Yoshikawa Orion , Boschetto Francesco , Honma Taigi , Adachi Tetsuya , Zhu Wenliang , Xu Huaizhong , Kanamura Narisato , Yamamoto Toshiro , Pezzotti Giuseppe
Published: May 2022

Poly-caprolactone is one of the most promising biocompatible polymers on the market, in particular for temporary devices that are not subjected to high physiological loads. Even if completely resorbable in various biological environments, poly-caprolactione does not play any specific biological role in supporting tissue regeneration and for this reason has a limited range of possible applications. In this preliminary work, for the first time l-dopa and fibroin have been combined with electrospun poly-caprolactone fibers in order to induce bioactive effects and, in particular, stimulate the proliferation, adhesion and osteoconduction of the polymeric fibers. Results showed that addition of low-molecular weight fibroin reduces the mechanical strength of the fibers while promoting the formation of mineralized deposits, when tested in vitro with KUSA-A1 mesenchymal cells. l-dopa, on the other hand, improved the mechanical properties and stimulated the formation of agglomerates of mineralized deposits containing calcium and phosphorous with high specific volume. The combination of the two substances resulted in good mechanical properties and higher amounts of mineralized deposits formed in vitro.
Concurrent hot extremes and high ultraviolet radiation in summer over the Yangtze Plain and their possible impact on surface ozone
Authors: Xia Yan , Hu Yongyun , Huang Yi , Bian Jianchun , Zhao Chuanfeng , Wei Jing , Yan Yingying , Xie Fei , Lin Jintai
Published: May 2022

Hot extremes, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and surface ozone all have prominent effects on human health and ecosystems. Here we show evidence that both hot extremes and high surface UV radiation at noon time occur concurrently in summer over the Yangtze Plain. Composite analysis suggests that hot extremes in summer are primarily caused by the westward extension of the Western Pacific Subtropical High, which leads to less clouds and consequently more downward solar radiation on the surface over the Yangtze Plain. It is found that surface UV radiation may be dominated by cloud variations, instead of stratospheric ozone during the hot extremes. Further analysis indicates that the hot extremes and high UV radiation, which play important roles in photochemistry in the troposphere, may result in more surface ozone. The concurrent hot extremes, strong UV radiation, and severe ozone pollutions over the Yangtze Plain in summer are likely to have dramatical influences on human health, which should be paid more attention.
Detection of biological and aflatoxin B1 contaminants in broiler feed at the poultry shop Sumbersari District, Jember
Authors: Purnamasari L , Purnomo H
Published: May 2022

Food from an animal is one source of animal protein that needs to be guaranteed food safety to avoid negative impacts on human health. Improper storage can trigger contamination from toxic bacteria and molds that can leave residues in the food commodities. Molds proliferate in environments that contain excessive moisture. environmental conditions in Indonesia which are tropical climate with high temperature, rainfall, and high humidity which is very suitable for growing toxigenic molds. This study aimed to detect bacterial contamination of salmonella, molds, and aflatoxin B1 content in broiler chicken feed in several poultry shops in the Sumbersari sub-district, Jember. Samples of crumble broiler feed were taken from 10 different poultry shops with different distributors. The parameters tested were the content of salmonella, fungi, and aflatoxin B1. The results were analyzed descriptively showed that all samples tested did not contain salmonella bacteria, the content of aflatoxin B1 was below the standards set by FAO and SNI although there were some samples containing several fungi between 0.7 x 103 to 4.2 x 103 μg/kg. The conclusion of this study was feed circulating in the Sumbersari sub-district, Jember does still safe for livestock consumption so that it does not hurt livestock and human health who consume food products produced by livestock.
β-Carotene Content and Quality Properties of Probiotic Yoghurt Supplemented with Podang Urang Mango Extract
Authors: Afiyah D N , Sarbini R N , Suryati T
Published: May 2022

Nowadays, the consumption of probiotic yogurt has been a significant increase. Mostly people prefer to consume probiotic yoghurt because of its taste and high nutrients. However, in the manufacturing process of probiotic yogurt, a thermal process causes some nutritional losses, e.g., β-carotene. Therefore, to replace the loss of β-carotene during this thermal process, then added an extract of Podang Urang mango (Mangifera indica L.). Podang Urang Mango is one of the famous fruits favored by consumers in Kediri, East Java. This fruit is available in a significant amount in Kediri, so the sustainability of the probiotic yogurt with the addition of Podang mango will be acceptable. This research objective was to determine the quality properties and β-carotene of the probiotic yogurt supplemented with Podang Urang mango extract. The probiotic yogurt was made by adding 3% (v/v) of starter culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus RRAM-01 and Streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus RRAM-01) and Podang Urang Mango extract at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% (v/v) divided in four replications. pH, titratable acid, viscosity, and β- carotene content included as the observed variables. The results showed that Podang Urang mango extract had a significant effect on the quality properties, which could significantly lower the pH, increase the titratable acid, and increase the viscosity of probiotic yogurt. The thermal process of making probiotic yoghurt at 85-90°C for 35 minutes had lowered the amount of β-carotene. However, the supplementation of Podang Urang mango extract showed significantly increase the yogurt β-carotene. The increase of β-carotene could be influenced by the use of Podang Urang mango extract in yoghurt. The more Podang Urang mango extract added, the greater the β-carotene content found in yoghurt.
Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria of Bekamal (Banyuwangi Traditional Fermented Meat)
Authors: Prastujati AU , Hilmi M , Khusna A , Arief II , Makmur S , Maulida Q
Published: May 2022

Fermentation technology has been used for decades for dairy and meat products. Several studies have shown an increase in the nutritional value of fermented meat and can increase its safety and shelf life. Bekamal is a traditional fermented meat product found in Banyuwangi Regency. Lactic acid bacteria is one of the natural microbiota of meat that is widely used as a fermentation agent to maintain quality and improve the product’s hygiene and sensory properties. This study aimed to indetify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional fermented meat products, namely bekamal. Bekamal tested is meat that has undergone a fermentation process for 7, 14 and 21 days, and each fermentation time consists of one sample to be isolated and identified the presence of lactic acid bacteria in it. The results showed that in bekamal, some lactic acid bacteria were indicated by Gram staining results, namely gram-positive and catalase-positive, and the results of the CO2 production test were classified as heterofermentative bacteria. This research concluded that in bekamal, lactic acid bacteria were indicated from Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Leuconostoc genus.
Classification of large ruminant carriers as an effort in selecting the feasibility of livestock drivers with the Naive Bayes Algorithm
Authors: Jaman JH , Buono A , Astuti D A , S H Wijaya , Burhanuddin  , Rahmi H
Published: May 2022

Livestock is one of the leading commodities in Indonesia. Transportation costs and the quality of the produced are the problems that lead to the lack of competitiveness of these commodities. The main focus of this paper, is the transportation factor with the driver component as the object, the Knowledge Data Discovery we use as a methodology, and Naïve Bayes as one of the algorithms that can classify the driver and provide knowledge to the transportation managers, K-Means, and PCA we use as a supporting model. The results showed that the use of Naïve Bayes with a small number of datasets resulted in accuracy values of 0.80, the precision of 83%, recall 80%, and 81% of F1score, this value indicates that the resulting classification is in a good category, and this can be the basis of the manager’s decision in the selection of drivers.
Synergistic effect of bismuth III sulfide and iron sulfide in the tribological performance of brake friction composite
Authors: B Surya Rajan , K Sathickbasha , Ahmed K Asrar , P Hariharasakthisudhan , C Velmurugan , P Baskara Sethupathi , P Balaji , Cotilli Francesco , Nagarajan K J
Published: May 2022

Metal sulfides play a major role in determining the friction and wear performance of the brake friction composites. The usage of the combinations of metal sulfides improves tribological performance compared to its individual metal sulfides in the formulation of friction material. In this work, the effect of the Bismuth III sulfide and Iron disulfide combination was evaluated against the tribological performance in the formulation of the friction materials. Six brake friction pads were developed by properly balancing the weight percentage of Bismuth III sulfide and Iron disulfide in the formulation. The tribological performance of the friction liners was studied using a chase tribo-meter following the IS2742 test protocol. The worn surfaces of the brake pad samples were examined for its surface morphology and elemental behaviour using a Scanning electron microscope and an Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscope. It was observed that the partial replacement of the Bismuth III sulfide with Iron sulfide improves the friction and fade performance. The abrasive nature of the Iron sulfide in the friction pad increases the coefficient of friction and causes the high wear loss beyond the ratio of 4:6 of the mixed sulfides. A statistical approach named preference selection Index was employed to rank the brake friction materials based on the multiple performance criteria.