bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and Effectiveness Evaluation of 360-Degree Virtual Reality-Based Educational Intervention for Adult Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy
Authors: Gwag Minju , Yoo Jaeyong
Published: July 2024

Providing patients with accurate and organized information about colonoscopy, while reducing anxiety, is critical to the procedure’s success. This study evaluated the impact of an immersive 360° virtual reality (VR)-based educational intervention for first-time adult colonoscopy patients regarding anxiety, attitudes, knowledge, compliance with bowel preparation, and bowel cleanliness. A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized pretest–post-test clinical trial was conducted with 40 patients in the experimental group and 40 in the control group. The 360° VR intervention included two sessions: precautions before colonoscopy and the colonoscopy process. The control group received education through individual verbal explanations with written materials. The findings indicated that the VR intervention significantly improved patients’ colonoscopy-related anxiety, attitudes, adherence to bowel preparation instructions, and bowel cleanliness. Utilizing 360° VR as an educational tool has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of educational programs by providing realistic information and engaging patients. These findings suggest that 360° VR has the capacity to enhance screening rates and clinical outcomes by reducing negative perceptions associated with colonoscopy. Furthermore, the application of this method can extend to diverse diagnostic testing-related nursing situations in clinical settings.
Lung Ultrasound Score in Neonatal RDS: Agreement between Sonography Expert and Neonatologists with Varying Levels of Experience
Authors: Puskarz-Gąsowska Joanna , Kruczek Piotr , Hożejowski Roman , Stefańska Małgorzata , Błaż Witold , Sadowska-Krawczenko Iwona , Majewska Urszula , Bokiniec Renata
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to assess interrater agreement in lung ultrasound scores (LUS) among neonatologists with varying experience levels and an expert sonographer. A post hoc analysis was conducted on data from a prospective multicenter study involving 155 infants born <34 weeks’ gestation, all with respiratory distress syndrome. A total of 629 lung scans were performed and video-recorded by 21 point-of-care sonographers, including both experienced (n = 7) and inexperienced (n = 14) evaluators. Subsequently, a blinded expert sonographer re-evaluated the assigned LUS values. The Cohen’s kappa statistic for individual pulmonary field assessments ranged from 0.89 to 0.93, indicating nearly perfect agreement. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) confirmed excellent reliability on total LUS values, demonstrating similar performance of experienced (ICC = 0.92, 95% CI 0.90–0.94) and inexperienced sonographers (ICC = 0.93, 95% CI 0.92–0.94). This study underscores that lung ultrasound is easily learned, and LUS exhibits outstanding reproducibility, irrespective of the sonographer’s level of experience.
Generalized Telangiectasia as a Hallmark of Intravascular Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Tang Ying
Published: July 2024

A 55-year-old woman had remarkably generalized telangiectasia. Large atypical lymphoid cells were found within the lumen of small vessels, and CD20 was positive in her third skin biopsy. She was diagnosed with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) and went into remission of the skin manifestations after seven courses of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) and four courses of intravenous high-dose methotrexate (HD MTX). To our knowledge, this is the first case report of IVLBCL with generalized telangiectasia in China. From a review of the literature, we found that generalized telangiectasia is a remarkable manifestation of intravascular lymphoma, and the differential diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma and panniculitis or vasculitis is very important. When the diagnosis is confusing, multiple skin biopsies are useful.
Estimation of Groundwater Recharge in a Volcanic Aquifer System Using Soil Moisture Balance and Baseflow Separation Methods: The Case of Gilgel Gibe Catchment, Ethiopia
Authors: Tufa Fayera Gudu , Feyissa Fekadu Fufa , Kebede Adisu Befekadu , Gudeta Beekan Gurmessa , Kitessa Wagari Mosisa , Debela Seifu Kebede , Tumsa Bekan Chelkeba , Yenehun Alemu , Van Camp Marc , Walraevens Kristine
Published: July 2024

Understanding the recharge–discharge system of a catchment is key to the efficient use and effective management of groundwater resources. The present study focused on the estimation of groundwater recharge using Soil Moisture Balance (SMB) and Baseflow Separation (BFS) methods in the Gilgel Gibe catchment where water demand for irrigation, domestic, and industrial purposes is dramatically increasing. The demand for groundwater and the existing ambitious plans to respond to this demand will put a strain on the groundwater resource in the catchment unless prompt intervention is undertaken to ensure its sustainability. Ground-based hydrometeorological 36-years data (1985 to 2020) from 17 stations and satellite products from CHIRPS and NASA/POWER were used for the SMB method. Six BFS methods were applied through the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT), SepHydro, BFLOW, and Automated Computer Programming (PART) to sub-catchments and the main catchment to estimate the groundwater recharge. The streamflow data (discharge) obtained from the Ministry of Water and Energy were the main input data for the BFS methods. The average annual recharge of groundwater was estimated to be 313 mm using SMB for the years 1985 to 2020 and 314 mm using BFS for the years 1986 to 2003. The results from the SMB method revealed geographical heterogeneity in annual groundwater recharge, varying from 209 to 442 mm. Significant spatial variation is also observed in the estimated annual groundwater recharge using the BFS methods, which varies from 181 to 411 mm for sub-catchments. Hydrogeological conditions of the catchment were observed, and the yielding capacity of existing wells was assessed to evaluate the validity of the results. The recharge values estimated using SMB and BFS methods are comparable and hydrologically reasonable. The findings remarkably provide insightful information for decision-makers to develop effective groundwater management strategies and to prioritize the sub-catchments for immediate intervention to ensure the sustainability of groundwater.
Bridging Human Expertise with Machine Learning and GIS for Mine Type Prediction and Classification
Authors: Saliba Adib , Tout Kifah , Zaki Chamseddine , Claramunt Christophe
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces an intelligent model that combines military expertise with the latest advancements in machine learning (ML) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to support humanitarian demining decision-making processes, by predicting mined areas and classifying them by mine type, difficulty and priority of clearance. The model is based on direct input and validation from field decision-makers for their practical applicability and effectiveness, and accurate historical demining data extracted from military databases. With a survey polling the inputs of demining experts, 95% of the responses came with an affirmation of the potential of the model to reduce threats and increase operational efficiency. It includes military-specific factors that factor in the proximity to strategic locations as well as environmental variables like vegetation cover and terrain resolution. With Gradient Boosting algorithms such as XGBoost and LightGBM, the accuracy rate is almost 97%. Such precision levels further enhance threat assessment, better allocation of resources, and around a 30% reduction in the cost and time of conducting demining operations, signifying a strong synergy of human expertise with algorithmic precision for maximal safety and effectiveness in demining.
Extracting Geoscientific Dataset Names from the Literature Based on the Hierarchical Temporal Memory Model
Authors: Wu Kai , Chen Zugang , Wu Xinqian , Li Guoqing , Li Jing , Wang Shaohua , Wang Haodong , Feng Hang
Published: July 2024

Extracting geoscientific dataset names from the literature is crucial for building a literature–data association network, which can help readers access the data quickly through the Internet. However, the existing named-entity extraction methods have low accuracy in extracting geoscientific dataset names from unstructured text because geoscientific dataset names are a complex combination of multiple elements, such as geospatial coverage, temporal coverage, scale or resolution, theme content, and version. This paper proposes a new method based on the hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) model, a brain-inspired neural network with superior performance in high-level cognitive tasks, to accurately extract geoscientific dataset names from unstructured text. First, a word-encoding method based on the Unicode values of characters for the HTM model was proposed. Then, over 12,000 dataset names were collected from geoscience data-sharing websites and encoded into binary vectors to train the HTM model. We conceived a new classifier scheme for the HTM model that decodes the predictive vector for the encoder of the next word so that the similarity of the encoders of the predictive next word and the real next word can be computed. If the similarity is greater than a specified threshold, the real next word can be regarded as part of the name, and a successive word set forms the full geoscientific dataset name. We used the trained HTM model to extract geoscientific dataset names from 100 papers. Our method achieved an F1-score of 0.727, outperforming the GPT-4- and Claude-3-based few-shot learning (FSL) method, with F1-scores of 0.698 and 0.72, respectively.
Incremental Viscoelastic Damage Contact Models for Asphalt Mixture Fracture Assessment
Authors: Câmara Gustavo , Micaelo Rui , Azevedo Nuno Monteiro , Silva Hugo
Published: July 2024

Asphalt mixtures are widely used as a surfacing material for pavements due to their several advantages. For this reason, robust numerical models still need to be developed to improve the understanding of their fracture behaviour. Recently, an incremental generalised Kelvin (GK) contact model that relates increments in contact displacements with increments in contact forces was proposed to assess the viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixtures within a discrete element method (DEM) framework. In this work, the contact model is extended to allow its application to asphalt mixture fracture studies. Two damage models—a brittle and a bilinear softening—coupled with the GK contact model are proposed to consider damage initiation and propagation. A parametric study is presented that assesses the impact of the GK-Damage parameters, showing a sensitivity to the loading velocity and the Maxwell elements, particularly its viscosity element, on the stress–strain response of a single contact. A reduced-size numerical mastic is initially used to speed up the calibration process of the GK-Damage contact parameters, with subsequent validation on a specimen with real experimental dimensions. It is shown that the proposed calibrated damage models can successfully reproduce the time-dependent behaviour, peak stress, and crack path observed in experimental results, highlighting the benefits of the adopted methodology. For the GK-Bilinear model, the fracture energy and maximum contact tensile stress are shown to adjust both the peak stress and softening response. Uniaxial tensile tests on asphalt mixtures indicate that the GK-Bilinear model provides a more realistic characterisation of fracture development. A higher susceptibility to damage at aggregate-to-mastic contacts compared to contacts within the mastic phase is identified.
New COI-COII mtDNA Region Haplotypes in the Endemic Honey Bees Apis mellifera intermissa and Apis mellifera sahariensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Algeria
Authors: Chibani Bahi Amar Amira , Tabet Aoul Nacera , Fridi Riad , Vignal Alain , Canale-Tabet Kamila
Published: July 2024

The practice of beekeeping in Algeria is of great cultural, social, and economic importance. However, the importation of non-local subspecies reported by beekeepers has disrupted the natural geographical distribution area and the genetic diversity of the native honey bees. To assess the genetic diversity of A. m. intermissa and A. m. sahariensis, and their relationships with African and European subspecies, the COI-COII intergenic region was analyzed in 335 individuals, 68 sampled in Algeria, 71 in Europe, Madagascar, and the South West Indian Ocean archipelagos, and 196 sequences recovered from GenBank. The results show the presence of the A lineage exclusively in Algerian samples with the identification of 24 haplotypes of which 16 are described for the first time. These haplotypes were found to be shared by both subspecies, with A74 being the most common haplotype in the population studied. The sequence comparison indicates the existence of three polymorphisms of the COI-COII marker: P0Q, P0QQ, and P0QQQ. One new haplotype was identified in the M lineage in samples from France. No evidence of genetic introgression within the Algerian honey bee population was detected. These data enhance our knowledge of the genetic diversity and emphasize the importance of protecting these local subspecies.
Expression and Functional Analysis of the Smo Protein in Apis mellifera
Authors: Guo Lina , Wang Jue , Yu Diandian , Zhang Yu , Zhang Huiman , Guo Yuan
Published: July 2024

Smoothened (Smo) is a critical component regulating the Hedgehog signaling pathway. However, whether Smo is associated with the modulation of olfactory recognition capabilities of bees remains unclear. In this study, we amplified Smo from Apis mellifera. The coding sequence of Smo was 2952 bp long, encoded 983 amino acids. Smo was most highly expressed in the antennae. Cyclopamine (200 μg/mL) significantly reduced but purmorphamine (800 μg/mL) significantly increased Smo expression (p < 0.05). OR152 and OR2 expression in the cyclopamine group significantly decreased, whereas OR152 expression in the purmorphamine group significantly increased (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in the relative values of electroantennography was observed in the cyclopamine group exposed to neral. Behavioral tests indicated a significant decrease in the attractive rates of neral, VUAA1, linalool, and methyl heptenone in the cyclopamine group. Conversely, the selection rates of linalool and methyl heptenone in the purmorphamine group significantly increased. Our findings indicate that Smo may play a role in modulating olfactory receptors in bees.
Adherence to Guidelines for Diagnosis, Staging, and Treatment for Gastric Cancer in Italy According to the View of Surgeons and Patients
Authors: Fabbi Manrica , Milani Marika Sharmayne , Giacopuzzi Simone , De Werra Carlo , Roviello Franco , Santangelo Claudia , Galli Federica , Benevento Angelo , Rausei Stefano
Published: July 2024

Background: Despite the strong declining trends in incidence and mortality over the last decades, gastric cancer (GC) is still burdened with high mortality, even in high-income countries. To improve GC prognosis, several guidelines have been increasingly published with indications about the most appropriate GC management. The Italian Society of Digestive System Pathology (SIPAD) and Gastric Cancer Italian Research Group (GIRCG) designed a survey for both surgeons and patients with the purpose of evaluating the degree of application and adherence to guidelines in GC management in Italy. Materials and Methods: Between January and May 2022, a questionnaire has been administered to a sample of Italian surgeons and, in a simplified version, to members of the Patient Association “Vivere Senza Stomaco” (patients surgically treated for GC between 2008 and 2021) to investigate the diagnosis, staging, and treatment issues. Results: The survey has been completed by 125 surgeons and 125 patients. Abdominal CT with gastric hydro-distension before treatment was not widespread in both groups (47% and 42%, respectively). The rate of surgeons stating that they do not usually perform minimally invasive gastrectomy was 15%, but the rate of patients who underwent a minimally invasive approach was 22% (between 2011 and 2022). The percentage of surgeons declaring to perform extended lymphadenectomy (>D2) was 97%, although a limited lymph node dissection rate was observed in about 35% of patients. Conclusions: This survey shows several important discrepancies from surgical attitudes declared by surgeons and real data derived from the reports available to the patients, suggesting heterogeneous management in clinical practice and, thus, a not rigorous adherence to the guidelines.
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Complex Interplay
Authors: Arvanitakis Konstantinos , Chatzikalil Elena , Kalopitas Georgios , Patoulias Dimitrios , Popovic Djordje S. , Metallidis Symeon , Kotsa Kalliopi , Germanidis Georgios , Koufakis Theocharis
Published: July 2024

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are prevalent conditions that have been correlated with infertility through overlapped pathophysiological mechanisms. MASLD is associated with metabolic syndrome and is considered among the major causes of chronic liver disease, while PCOS, which is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism, is one of the leading causes of female infertility. The pathophysiological links between PCOS and MASLD have not yet been fully elucidated, with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenemia, obesity, and dyslipidemia being among the key pathways that contribute to liver lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis, aggravating liver dysfunction. On the other hand, MASLD exacerbates insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation in women with PCOS, creating a vicious cycle of disease progression. Understanding the intricate relationship between MASLD and PCOS is crucial to improving clinical management, while collaborative efforts between different medical specialties are essential to optimize fertility and liver health outcomes in individuals with MASLD and PCOS. In this review, we summarize the complex interplay between MASLD and PCOS, highlighting the importance of increasing clinical attention to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of both entities.
Intersecting Pathways: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, and Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Outcomes
Authors: Nuszkiewicz Jarosław , Kukulska-Pawluczuk Beata , Piec Katarzyna , Jarek Dorian Julian , Motolko Karina , Szewczyk-Golec Karolina , Woźniak Alina
Published: July 2024

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide, driven by complex and multifaceted etiological factors. Metabolic dysregulation, gastrointestinal microbiome alterations, and systemic inflammation are emerging as significant contributors to AIS pathogenesis. This review addresses the critical need to understand how these factors interact to influence AIS risk and outcomes. We aim to elucidate the roles of dysregulated adipokines in obesity, the impact of gut microbiota disruptions, and the neuroinflammatory cascade initiated by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in AIS. Dysregulated adipokines in obesity exacerbate inflammatory responses, increasing AIS risk and severity. Disruptions in the gut microbiota and subsequent LPS-induced neuroinflammation further link systemic inflammation to AIS. Advances in neuroimaging and biomarker development have improved diagnostic precision. Here, we highlight the need for a multifaceted approach to AIS management, integrating metabolic, microbiota, and inflammatory insights. Potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways could significantly improve AIS prevention and treatment. Future research should focus on further elucidating these pathways and developing targeted interventions to mitigate the impacts of metabolic dysregulation, microbiome imbalances, and inflammation on AIS.
Global Prevalence of Sleep Bruxism and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric and Adult Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zieliński Grzegorz , Pająk Agnieszka , Wójcicki Marcin
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the global prevalence of sleep bruxism and awake bruxism in pediatric and adult populations. Methods: This systematic review was conducted by analyzing studies published from 2003 to 2023. The following keyword combination was utilized: prevalence, epidemiology, population, and bruxism. The PubMed database was analyzed, supplemented by manual searches using the Google search. Additionally, the snowballing procedure method was applied. A double assessment of the quality of publications was carried out to preserve the highest possible quality of evidence (e.g., Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist). Analyses were conducted using the R statistical language. Results: The global bruxism (sleep and awake) prevalence is 22.22%. The global sleep bruxism prevalence is 21% and awake prevalence is 23%. The occurrence of sleep bruxism, based on polysomnography, was estimated at 43%. The highest prevalence of sleep bruxism was observed in North America at 31%, followed by South America at 23%, Europe at 21%, and Asia at 19%. The prevalence of awake bruxism was highest in South America at 30%, followed by Asia at 25% and Europe at 18%. Conclusions: One in four individuals may experience awake bruxism. Bruxism is a significant factor among women. It was observed that age is a significant factor for the occurrence of sleep bruxism in women. Among the limitations of the study is the lack of analysis of the prevalence of bruxism in Africa and Australia due to not collecting an adequate sample for analysis. The study was registered in the Open Science Framework (10.17605/OSF.IO/ZE786).
Pediatric Perspectives on Liver Cirrhosis: Unravelling Clinical Patterns and Therapeutic Challenges
Authors: Forna Lorenza , Bozomitu Laura , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Lupu Ancuta , Trandafir Laura Mihaela , Adam Raileanu Anca , Cojocariu Camelia , Anton Carmen , Girleanu Irina , Muzica Cristina Maria
Published: July 2024

Background: Liver cirrhosis presents significant challenges in the pediatric population due to a complex interplay of etiological factors, clinical manifestations, and limited therapeutic options. The leading contributors to cirrhosis among pediatric patients are chronic cholestasis, metabolic disorders present from birth, and long-term hepatitis. Materials and method: Our narrative review aimed to synthesize literature data on the etiology, clinical picture, diagnostic techniques, optimal management of complications, and timely transplantation. Results: The epidemiology of liver cirrhosis in pediatric patients is evolving. The introduction of a universal vaccination and effective long-term viral suppression in viral hepatitis have significantly decreased complications rates. Liver transplantation programs worldwide have also improved the management of cirrhosis complications. Conclusions: Early diagnosis, comprehensive management strategies, and advancements in treatment modalities are critical for improving outcomes. Understanding these differences is crucial in providing age-appropriate care and support for those affected by cirrhosis.
Ab Initio Modelling of g-ZnO Deposition on the Si (111) Surface
Authors: Alzhanova Aliya , Mastrikov Yuri , Yerezhep Darkhan
Published: July 2024

Recent studies show that zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have promising potential as an absorbing material. In order to improve the optoelectronic properties of the initial system, this paper considers the process of adsorbing multilayer graphene-like ZnO onto a Si (111) surface. The density of electron states for two- and three-layer graphene-like zinc oxide on the Si (111) surface was obtained using the Vienna ab-initio simulation package by the DFT method. A computer model of graphene-like Zinc oxide on a Si (111)-surface was created using the DFT+U approach. One-, two- and three-plane-thick graphene-zinc oxide were deposited on the substrate. An isolated cluster of Zn3O3 was also considered. The compatibility of g-ZnO with the S (100) substrate was tested, and the energetics of deposition were calculated. This study demonstrates that, regardless of the possible configuration of the adsorbing layers, the Si/ZnO structure remains stable at the interface. Calculations indicate that, in combination with lower formation energies, wurtzite-type structures turn out to be more stable and, compared to sphalerite-type structures, wurtzite-type structures form longer interlayers and shorter interplanar distances. It has been shown that during the deposition of the third layer, the growth of a wurtzite-type structure becomes exothermic. Thus, these findings suggest a predictable relationship between the application method and the number of layers, implying that the synthesis process can be modified. Consequently, we believe that such interfaces can be obtained through experimental synthesis.
Development of Mineral Fillers for Acid-Resistant Filling Composites
Authors: Kalimoldina Laila M. , Abilkasova Sandugash O. , Akhmetova Saule O. , Suleimenova Mariya Sh. , Shaikhova Zhanat E.
Published: July 2024

This article presents the results of research on the development of chemically resistant polymer–mineral casting composites based on industrial waste. The aim of this work is to develop a technological basis for obtaining effective inorganic fillers and highly filled composites for use in chlorine-containing environments. On the basis of theoretical data, mineral fillers and a polymer binder for filling composites were selected, optimal quantities of input hardeners and an appropriate thermal curing mode were determined, and the influence of the filling degree on the properties of composites was studied. The influence of various factors on the properties of the obtained composites was also studied, and the possibility of using local raw materials to obtain special-purpose composites was investigated. Ash from a thermal power plant (TPP) was used as an acid-resistant filler in composites. Two components were chosen as binders: phenol formaldehyde resin and mineral filler (TPP ash). As the third component, hydrolytically active fillers—anhydrite, phosphogypsum and phosphate slag—were used. The degree of filling has a significant influence on the properties of composites, including the compressive strength, chemical resistance and degree of curing, the values of which were elucidated across a wide range of composite variations based on the degree of filling. The conducted research allowed us to establish the limit of admissible anhydrite content, which should not exceed 15 mas.%. To optimize the chemical resistance and durability of the composites of the investigated substances, the method of mathematical planning was used. According to the results of this study, the optimal compositions of composites, in terms of anhydrite, phosphogypsum and phosphorus slag contents, were selected. At the maximum possible degree of filling, these composites exhibit high target characteristics.
The Antibacterial Properties of a Reinforced Zinc Oxide Eugenol Combined with Cloisite 5A Nanoclay: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Nazemisalman Bahareh , Niaz Shaghayegh , Darvish Shayan , Notash Ayda , Ramazani Ali , Luchian Ionut
Published: July 2024

Pulpotomies and pulpectomies are the most common clinical approach for dental caries in the primary dentition. Reinforced zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) is an ideal material for filling in the pulp chamber after pulp therapies. The aim of this study was to assess the addition of Cloisite 5A nanoclay material to ZOE and evaluate its antibacterial properties. In this case–control study, the nanoclay nanoparticles were dissolved using a solvent (Eugenol) in different concentrations and their antibacterial properties were assessed using the agar diffusion test and biofilm analysis of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in in vitro conditions using the AATCC 100 standards. The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured and assessed statistically using the SPSS software (Version 28, IBM, Chicago, IL, USA) with a significance level of 0.05. The antibacterial properties of the ZOE with nanoclay particles were significantly greater in comparison to the plain ZOE against E. faecalis, S. mutans, and E. coli. The inhibition zone against E. coli under the effect of the ZOE and nanoclay particles combined was significantly higher than that against E. faecalis and S. mutans. The current study showed that the addition of Cloisite 5A nanoclay particles can improve the antibacterial properties of ZOE significantly at certain concentrations.
Shape Memory Polymers in 4D Printing: Investigating Multi-Material Lattice Structures
Authors: Pokras David , Schneider Yanika , Zaidi Sohail , Viswanathan Vimal K.
Published: July 2024

This paper evaluates the design and fabrication of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) shape memory polymer (SMP) using fused deposition modeling (FDM). The commercially available SMP filament was used to create parts capable of changing their shape following the application of an external heat stimulus. The characterization of thermal and viscoelastic properties of the SMP TPU revealed a proportional change in shape fixity and recovery with respect to heating and cooling rates, as well as a decreasing softening temperature with increasing shape memory history due to changes in the polymer microstructure. Inspired by the advancements in 3D and 4D printing, we investigated the feasibility of creating multi-material lattice structures using SMP and another thermoplastic with poor adhesion to TPU. A variety of interlocking lattice structures were evaluated by combining SMP with another thermoplastic that have poor adhesion with TPU. The tensile strength and failure modes of the fabricated multi-material parts were compared against homogenous SMP TPU specimens. It was found that the lattice interface failed first at approximately 41% of the ultimate strength of the homogenous part on average. The maximum recorded ultimate strength of the multi-material specimens reached 62% of SMP TPU’s ultimate strength. These characterizations can make 4D printing technology more accessible to common users and make it available for new markets.
Polyhydroxybutyrate Production from the Macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae: Effect of Hydrothermal Acid Pretreatment
Authors: Romero-Vargas Agustín , Fdez-Güelfo Luis Alberto , Blandino Ana , Díaz Ana Belén
Published: July 2024

This study focuses on mitigating the socio-economic and environmental damage of the invasive macroalga Rugulopteryx okamurae and counteracting the pollution from petroleum-based plastics by using the alga as a feedstock for polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. The enzymatic hydrolysis of R. okamurae, non-pretreated and hydrothermally acid-pretreated (0.2 N HCl, 15 min), was carried out, reaching reducing sugar (RS) concentrations of 10.7 g/L and 21.7 g/L, respectively. The hydrolysates obtained were used as a culture medium for PHB production with Cupriavidus necator, a Gram-negative soil bacterium, without supplementation with any external carbon and nitrogen sources. The highest yield (0.774 g PHB/g RS) and biopolymer accumulation percentage (89.8% cell dry weight, CDW) were achieved with hydrolysates from pretreated macroalga, reaching values comparable to the highest reported in the literature. Hence, it can be concluded that hydrolysates obtained from algal biomass hydrothermally pretreated with acid have a concentration of sugars and a C/N ratio that favour PHB production.
Numerical Study on the Anti-Sloshing Effect of Horizontal Baffles in a Cargo Hold Loaded with Liquefied Cargo
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Wang Anqi , Chen Peng , Liu Jian , Yang Deqing
Published: July 2024

Sloshing of liquefied bulk granular cargoes weakens the stability of cargo carriers when at sea. Using the horizontal rectangle baffle is a promising way to restrain its sloshing motion. But the location height and optimal baffle area rate to achieve a better anti-sloshing effect should be studied first. The discrete element method was adopted to establish the simulation model, and the direct shear test was used for verification. Through the static tilt tests, the definite relationship between the effects of moisture content on cargo motion and particle friction coefficients was acquired. Then, liquefied cargo motion in a cargo hold without baffles and with one and two pairs of horizontal baffles was simulated. Based on variations in the cargo gravity center offset and the sloshing-induced force on the cargo hold, the anti-sloshing effect of different settings of the baffles was compared. Results show that the baffles have the ability to restrain cargo sloshing, and this is important for sea transportation safety. The anti-sloshing effect is better when the baffle plane is right on the cargo top surface compared to the other location heights. Further, there is an optimal length–width combination, e.g., a single baffle plane with a length of 0.26 L and a width of 0.46 B, at which a better anti-sloshing effect could be achieved with the smallest baffle area rate. This study could be useful for the practical application of horizontal baffles for bulk granular cargo carriers.
Functional Characterization of the Transcription Factor Gene CgHox7 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Which Is Responsible for Poplar Anthracnose
Authors: Huang Qiuyi , Li Fuhan , Meng Fanli
Published: July 2024

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the main pathogen that causes poplar anthracnose. This hemibiotrophic fungus, which can severely decrease the economic benefits and ecological functions of poplar trees, infects the host by forming an appressorium. Hox7 is an important regulatory factor that functions downstream of the Pmk1 MAPK signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the effect of deleting CgHox7 on C. gloeosporioides. The conidia of the ΔCgHox7 deletion mutant germinated on a GelBond membrane to form non-melanized hyphal structures, but were unable to form appressoria. The deletion of CgHox7 weakened the ability of hyphae to penetrate a cellophane membrane and resulted in decreased virulence on poplar leaves. Furthermore, deleting CgHox7 affected the oxidative stress response. In the initial stage of appressorium formation, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species differed between the ΔCgHox7 deletion mutant and the wild-type control. Moreover, CgHox7 expression was necessary for maintaining cell wall integrity. Considered together, these results indicate that CgHox7 is a transcription factor with crucial regulatory effects on appressorium formation and the pathogenicity of C. gloeosporioides.
Genomic Analysis of Aspergillus Section Terrei Reveals a High Potential in Secondary Metabolite Production and Plant Biomass Degradation
Authors: Theobald Sebastian , Vesth Tammi C. , Geib Elena , Nybo Jane L. , Frisvad Jens C. , Larsen Thomas O. , Kuo Alan , LaButti Kurt , Lyhne Ellen K. , Kjærbølling Inge , Ledsgaard Line , Barry Kerrie , Clum Alicia , Chen Cindy , Nolan Matt , Sandor Laura , Lipzen Anna , Mondo Stephen , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Salamov Asaf , Riley Robert , Wiebenga Ad , Müller Astrid , Kun Roland S. , dos Santos Gomes Ana Carolina , Henrissat Bernard , Magnuson Jon K. , Simmons Blake A. , Mäkelä Miia R. , Mortensen Uffe H. , Grigoriev Igor V. , Brock Matthias , Baker Scott E. , de Vries Ronald P. , Andersen Mikael R.
Published: July 2024

Aspergillus terreus has attracted interest due to its application in industrial biotechnology, particularly for the production of itaconic acid and bioactive secondary metabolites. As related species also seem to possess a prosperous secondary metabolism, they are of high interest for genome mining and exploitation. Here, we present draft genome sequences for six species from Aspergillus section Terrei and one species from Aspergillus section Nidulantes. Whole-genome phylogeny confirmed that section Terrei is monophyletic. Genome analyses identified between 70 and 108 key secondary metabolism genes in each of the genomes of section Terrei, the highest rate found in the genus Aspergillus so far. The respective enzymes fall into 167 distinct families with most of them corresponding to potentially unique compounds or compound families. Moreover, 53% of the families were only found in a single species, which supports the suitability of species from section Terrei for further genome mining. Intriguingly, this analysis, combined with heterologous gene expression and metabolite identification, suggested that species from section Terrei use a strategy for UV protection different to other species from the genus Aspergillus. Section Terrei contains a complete plant polysaccharide degrading potential and an even higher cellulolytic potential than other Aspergilli, possibly facilitating additional applications for these species in biotechnology.
Protective Effect of Indole-3-Aldehyde in Murine COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: Pariano Marilena , Gidari Anna , Stincardini Claudia , Pierucci Sara , Bastianelli Sabrina , Puccetti Matteo , Giovagnoli Stefano , Bellet Marina M. , Fabi Consuelo , Castronari Roberto , Antognelli Cinzia , Costantini Claudio , Ricci Maurizio , Francisci Daniela , Romani Luigina
Published: July 2024

Aspergillus fumigatus is an environmental fungus recently included in the fungal high-priority pathogens by the World Health Organization. While immunodeficiency and/or pre-existing lung damage represent a well-recognized fertile ground for fungal growth, it is increasingly being recognized that severe viral infections may similarly favor A. fumigatus colonization and infection, as recently experienced in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Herein, in a murine model of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), obtained by the concomitant exposure to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Spike protein and A. fumigatus conidia, we found that the microbial compound indole-3-aldehyde (3-IAld) was able to ameliorate CAPA by working at multiple levels during viral infection and fungal superinfection, including epithelial barrier protection, promotion of antiviral responses, and limiting viral replication. As a consequence, 3-IAld limited the pathogenic sequelae of fungal superinfection as revealed by the controlled fungal burden and restrained inflammatory pathology. These results point to indole compounds as potential agents to prevent CAPA.
Research on the Spatiotemporal Coupling Characteristics between Urban Population and Land in China Based on the Improved Coupling Model of Polar Coordinates
Authors: Chen Yihao , Zhang Shuai , Ye Qingqing , Chen Weiqiang , Li Yingchao , Cai Enxiang , Kong Xuesong , Guo Long , Li Jiwei
Published: July 2024

Scientific quantitative measurement of the coupling relationship between urban population (UP) and urban land (UL) is conducive to promoting intensive land use, coordinated human–land development, and new urbanization development. This research proposed an improved coupling model of polar coordinates to study the spatiotemporal coupling characteristics between UP and UL at the prefecture-level city scale in China from 2010 to 2020. The study results include the following: (1) The growth rate of UL in China’s prefecture-level cities was higher than that of UP. The per capita urban land (PUL) was always within the ideal range, and the dynamic human–land coupling state remained reasonable. (2) The UP, UL, and dynamic human–land coupling rationality in China showed characteristics that were high in the east and low in the west. The PUL showed characteristics that were high in the northwest and low in the southeast. (3) This study divided China’s prefecture-level cities into four regions according to the coupling characteristics and formulated regionally differentiated optimization strategies. In summary, this study carried out a more scientific and reasonable quantitative measurement of the coupling relationship between UP and UL in China, resulting in a more reliable and targeted formulation of optimization strategies.
Cover Crop Effects on Surface Runoff and Subsurface Flow in Rainfed Hillslope Farming and Connections to Water Quality
Authors: Durán Zuazo Víctor Hugo , Cárceles Rodríguez Belén , Cuadros Tavira Simón , Gálvez Ruiz Baltasar , García-Tejero Iván Francisco
Published: July 2024

Surface runoff and subsurface flow patterns were monitored in hillside runoff plots in almond and olive orchards with soils covered with spontaneous plants over two hydrological years. The experimental runoff plots were located on the south flank of the Sierra Nevada (Lanjarón, SE Spain) at 580 m a.s.l. with an area of 40 m2 (10 m × 4 m). The surface and subsurface discharge were collected and measured at different soil depths (0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cm), and the dissolved nutrient concentrations (NO3–N, NH4–N, PO4–P, and K) were determined. According to the findings, the subsurface flow pathways drained most of the rainfall water compared with surface runoff, which was affected by plant cover. The influence of rainfall intensity (I30) on surface runoff was more meaningful than that on subsurface flow. Throughout the monitoring period, the runoff coefficients at soil depths of 0, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cm averaged 0.04, 0.11, 0.14, 0.17, and 0.18, respectively. Subsurface flow was one of the dominant pathways for N and K loss, whereas P loss mainly occurred via surface runoff. Moreover, the concentrations in subsurface flow were higher than the recommended level for standard water quality for NO3–N, NH4–N, and PO4–P. Subsurface flow was the main route of dissolved nutrient delivery, making these nutrients available to the root systems of trees, where nutrient uptake is more likely to occur. Thus, by lessening surface runoff and encouraging surface vegetation coverage to facilitate the recycling of nutrients and buffer the rainfall’s impact on the soil surface, nutrient loss control can be achieved.
Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Driving Factors of Little Giant Enterprises in China’s Megacity Clusters Based on Random Forest and MGWR
Authors: Duan Jianshu , Zhao Zhengxu , Xu Youheng , You Xiangting , Yang Feifan , Chen Gang
Published: July 2024

As a representative of potential “hidden champions”, a concept originating in Germany, specialized and innovative Little Giant Enterprises (LGEs) have become exemplary models for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. These enterprises are regarded as crucial support for realizing the strategy of building a strong manufacturing country and addressing the weaknesses in key industrial areas. This paper begins by examining urban agglomerations, which serve as the main spatial carriers for industrial restructuring and high-quality development in manufacturing. Based on data from LGEs in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) urban agglomerations from 2019 to 2023, the study employs the Random Forest (RF) and Multi-scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) methods to conduct a comparative analysis of their spatial patterns and influencing factors. The results are as follows: (1) LGEs exhibit spatial clustering in both the YRD and PRD regions. Enterprises in the YRD form a “one-axis-three-core” pattern within a distance of 65 km, while enterprises in the PRD present a “single-axis” pattern within a distance of 30 km, with overall high clustering intensity. (2) The YRD is dominated by traditional manufacturing and supplemented by high-tech services. In contrast, the PRD has a balanced development of high-tech manufacturing and services. Enterprises in different industries are generally characterized by a “multi-point clustering” characteristic, of which the YRD displays a multi-patch distribution and the PRD a point–pole distribution. (3) Factors such as industrial structure, industrial platforms, and logistics levels significantly affect enterprise clustering and exhibit scale effects differences between the two urban clusters. Factors such as industrial platforms, logistics levels, and dependence on foreign trade show positive impacts, while government fiscal expenditure shows a negative impact. Natural geographical location factors exhibit opposite effects in the two regions but are not the primary determinants of enterprise distribution. Each region should leverage its own strengths, improve urban coordination and communication mechanisms within the urban cluster, strengthen the coordination and linkage of the manufacturing industry chain upstream and downstream, and promote high-tech industries, thereby enhancing economic resilience and regional competitiveness.
Introduction to the Special Issue Grammaticalization across Languages, Levels, and Frameworks
Authors: Enghels Renata , Jansegers Marlies , Bossuyt Tom
Published: July 2024

Over the last few decades, we have witnessed a proliferation in studies on phenomena such as grammaticalization (cf [...]
A Review on the Dynamic Performance Studies of Gas Foil Bearings
Authors: Jin Chaozhe , Li Changlin , Du Jianjun
Published: July 2024

Gas foil bearings have important and wide applications in high-speed turbomachinery, generating low frictional lubricating gas film in series with underlying elastic foil structures to support the rotor system. Their dynamic performance is of vital significance in maintaining the rotor stability as well as in depressing rotor vibrations. This paper conducts a comprehensive review on dynamic performance studies conducted on gas foil bearings, including research on the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients, bearing stability, nonlinear vibrations of the rotor–bearing system, and active methods for controlling rotor dynamic motions. This review provides clear observations towards the developments and iterations of the models, methods, and experiments of these studies.
Study of Heat Flow at Substrate during Sputtering of Copper–Titanium Sandwich Target
Authors: Shapovalov Viktor I. , Sharkovskii Daniil S.
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this work is to study the kinetics of the heat flow heating the substrate, which is generated by a two-layer sandwich magnetron target when sputtered in argon. Its novelty resides in the application of the COMSOL Multiphysics to study the kinetics of thermal processes during sputtering of a target of the new type. The analysis was performed for a sandwich target with internal copper and external titanium plates when the discharge power varied in the range of 400–1200 W. The heating of the external target plate is described by a two-dimensional homogeneous Fourier equation. The solution to the equation reveals how the kinetics of the external plate’s surface temperature distribution depends on the discharge power. To study the heat flow heating the substrate, the external plate is presented in the form of an additive set of small-sized surface heat sources. Previously unknown features of the thermal process are established. It is shown that numerical modeling adequately describes the experimental results.