bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canadian White-Collar Workers' Views of Their Experience with Downsizing or Job Loss
Authors: Goldenberg Sheldon , Kline Theresa
Published: August 2011

Despite continuing bouts of downsizing in North America, there is relatively little literature on Canadian white-collar workers' experience of this kind of job loss. In the present context “downsizing” refers to nonperformance-based job loss, that is, job loss through restructuring, strategic planning, or other organizational initiatives wherein individuals lose their jobs through no fault of their own. From fall of 1992 and through the winter of 1993, we conducted interviews with 144 mostly white collar displaced workers in and around Calgary, Alberta. Their perceptions of many aspects of the downsizing experience are described. The advice our participants gave to others may be of direct use. Several issues that clearly need research are also noted.
Relationship of Mothers' Perceptions and Behaviors to the Duration of Breastfeeding
Authors: Vandiver Trish A.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between duration of breastfeeding in the first 12 weeks after birth, characteristics of mothers' and infants' behaviors, and the mother's perception of her infant were studied in primiparous mothers and their low-risk newborn infants. 50 women completed questionnaires on infants' temperament, caregiving flexibility, and perception of breastfeeding in their third trimester of pregnancy and again when their infants were 12 weeks old. 30 of the 50 women and their infants were observed for two hours on each of three different occasions at their homes when infants were 2, 6, and 12 wk. of age. Higher rates of mothers' interactive behaviors with their infants, mothers' self-reported perceptions that their infants had “easy” temperaments, and mothers' self-reported flexibility of caregiving were directly correlated with longer duration of breastfeeding and later weaning from the breast.
Training in Personality Assessment in Specialist-Level School Psychology Programs
Authors: Culross Rita R. , Nelson Susan
Published: August 2011

A survey was designed to obtain data from school psychology training programs regarding the teaching of personality assessment at the specialist (non-doctoral) level. 63 instructors of 99 courses in personality assessment responded to questions regarding course content and general strategies related to instruction in personality assessment. Questionnaire data pertained to the types of tests and techniques taught, the related topics covered, the percentage of instruction devoted to children and adults, and the amount of formal course work required. It was concluded that most programs offer one course at the specialist level covering a fairly consistent set of tests and related topics.
Response Set of Social Desirability in Relation to the Mental, Physical and Spiritual Well-Being Scale
Authors: Vella-Brodrick Dianne A. , White Vikki
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship of the Mental, Physical and Spiritual Well-being Scale to the response set of social desirability. Social desirability was assessed by correlating the Mental, Physical and Spiritual Well-being Scale responses of 178 participants with scores on the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Pearson product-moment correlations were not significant and indicated that the Mental, Physical and Spiritual Well-being Scale did not elicit socially desirable responses.
Distinctive Disorders are Less Prevalent
Authors: Haslam Nick , Vuchetich John P.
Published: August 2011

To test the hypothesis that nosologies are biased towards recognizing highly distinctive syndromes and therefore conflate those that are less distinctive, eight subjects judged the distinctiveness of 33 DSM-IV disorders and 20 rheumatic disorders. As predicted, judged distinctiveness was negatively correlated with prevalence for both sets of disorders.
Predictive Validity of the Graduate Record Examination with and without Range Restraints
Authors: Oldfield Kenneth , Hutchinson Janet R.
Published: August 2011

Most studies show that scores on the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) have low predictive validity for graduate grade point average. One suggested explanation is that the input and output variables have restricted ranges. Restriction of the input variables results when students with low GRE scores are omitted from the analysis. The output variable is constricted since most students receive an A or B in courses. However, the present study shows that the GRE has low predictive validity even when both the input and output variables are more widely distributed for a sample of graduate students. The need for better screening mechanisms to select from among applicants to graduate school is discussed.
Test-Retest Reliabilities of a Japanese Translation of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Authors: Tsuzuki Yukie , Matsui Tamao
Published: August 2011

With Japanese university students (70 men and 18 women) as subjects, a Japanese translation of Form G of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator showed test-retest reliabilities from .60 to .78 for men and .63 to 83 for women over a period of 3 months.
Factorial Structure of the Self-Efficacy for Self-Regulated Learning Scale
Authors: Gredler M. E. , Schwartz L. S.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the constructs measured by the Self-efficacy for Self-regulated Learning Scale with 235 undergraduates. The 24 items, derived from 13 validated categories of self-regulated learning from Zimmerman and Martinez-Pons, assess efficacy beliefs about general strategies (11 items) and use of specific self-regulatory activities (13 items). Exploratory factor analysis using principal factors with oblique rotation indicated three factors of General Organization and Planning, Task Preparation Strategies, and Environmental Restructuring. Values of coefficient alpha for the three factors were .84, .72, and .79, respectively.
Relationships of Instructors' Personalities with Total Quality Management Practice in the University Classroom
Authors: Dellana Scott A. , McLeod Michael E.
Published: August 2011

This research examined the relationships of instructors' personalities, as measured by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, with Total Quality Management practice in the classroom. Total Quality Management practices in the classroom environment were separated into two dimensions, activities that focus on the student as a customer and activities facilitating continuous improvement in course content and delivery. Hypotheses were developed that define the relationship of Total Quality Management practices with aspects of the personality inventory. These relationships were assessed for a sample of 130 university professors. The results of statistical tests indicate that the Extraversion, Feeling, and Judgment personality preferences may be associated with the quality dimension of customer focus, while the Intuitive personality preference may be associated with the quality dimension of continuous improvement. In conclusion, implications for educators are discussed.
Technology in Conflict with an African Cultural Value
Authors: Mwamwenda Tuntufye S.
Published: August 2011

To explore whether introducing electricity may conflict with an African cultural value, 103 South-African black students were asked to indicate whether they believed that electric light at night interferes with communicating with ancestors. Most did not think so, whereas 10% did.
Yoga Breathing through a Particular Nostril Increases Spatial Memory Scores without Lateralized Effects
Authors: Naveen K. V. , Nagendra R. Nagarathna H. R. , Telles Shirley
Published: August 2011

Uninostril breathing facilitates the performance on spatial and verbal cognitive tasks, said to be right and left brain functions, respectively. Since hemispheric memory functions are also known to be lateralized, the present study assessed the effects of uninostril breathing on the performance in verbal and spatial memory tests. School children ( N = 108 whose ages ranged from 10 to 17 years) were randomly assigned to four groups. Each group practiced a specific yoga breathing technique: (i) right nostril breathing, (ii) left nostril breathing, (iii) alternate nostril breathing, or (iv) breath awareness without manipulation of nostrils. These techniques were practiced for 10 days. Verbal and spatial memory was assessed initially and after 10 days. An age-matched control group of 27 were similarly assessed. All 4 trained groups showed a significant increase in spatial test scores at retest, but the control group showed no change. Average increase in spatial memory scores for the trained groups was 84%. It appears yoga breathing increases spatial rather than verbal scores, without a lateralized effect
On Exchange Theory, Androcentrism and Sex Stereotypy
Authors: Murstein Bernard I.
Published: August 2011

Wood's article (1995) was evaluated for its comments on exchange theory and male-female differences in relationships. The author, in disagreement with Wood, believes that despite its androcentric origins, exchange theory, of itself, is not androcentric. Moreover, it is neither necessarily oriented toward personal gain nor lacking in process, as Wood claims. Last, the research literature does not warrant talking about men and women as having basically different ways of relating. A review of works by others and the author is marshalled in support of the author's claims.
Gender and Depression in Undergraduate Populations: A Comment
Authors: Lester David , Abdel-Khalek Ahmed
Published: August 2011

In samples of 208 Kuwait and 144 American students, mean differences between men and women were found on Items 14 and 19 of the Beck Depression Inventory.
The Temporal Stability of the National Police Officer Selection Test
Authors: Henry Michael S. , Rafilson Fred M.
Published: August 2011

The National Police Officer Selection Test is a basic skills test of four subsections: mathematics, reading, grammar, and incident report writing. The purpose was to examine the temporal stability of the test in a sample of job applicants. Test-retest reliability coefficients were computed for a sample of 1215 police officer applicants. Reliability was evident at 17 different test-retest intervals. Also, the reliability of test did not differ significantly between applicants who had passed both times and those who failed both times. The results attest to the reliability and long-term stability of the test.
Psychological Aspects of Political Tolerance among Adolescents
Authors: Sotelo María José , Sangrador Jose Luis
Published: August 2011

This study concerns 273 Spanish adolescents, aged between 14 and 17, 125 boys and 148 girls. The measured variables were political tolerance, liking for several groups, political experience, cognitive moral reasoning, support for democratic norms, support for violent groups, identification with a group of friends, identification with a religious group, and identification with a soccer team. The objectives of this work were (a) to establish groups of adolescents based on the relationship between their willingness to extend rights to several groups and their liking of these groups, (b) to know the personality characteristics of tolerant and intolerant adolescents, and (c) to set up correlations between age and total tolerance, total liking, and the variables correlated with tolerance. The main findings are that older and younger adolescents belong to different groups, with respect to tolerance, and something similar can be said about boys and girls. Intolerant adolescents perceive themselves as anxious, insecure, solitary, and obstinate. Significant positive correlations between age and political experience, rated support for democratic norms and ratings for identification with a group of friends were found. On the contrary, there were significant negative correlations between age and rated support for violent groups, identification with a religious group, and identification with a soccer team.
The Depression-Happiness Scale, a Measure of a State or a Trait? Test-Retest Data over Two Years'
Authors: Lewis Christopher Alan , Joseph Stephen
Published: August 2011

Test-retest data over two years, reported for scores on the Depression-Happiness Scale among 14 female Northern Irish university students, showed fairly high stability ( r = .55) and no change ( t = 0.56) between Time 1 ( M = 51.1) and Time 2 ( M = 49.6).
Memories of Sexual Abuse: Janet's Critique of Freud, a Balanced Approach
Authors: Brown Paul , van der Hart Onno
Published: August 2011

Since the late nineteenth century explanations of sexual trauma have invoked unconscious mental mechanisms of forgetting. Memories have been seen as submerged only to be therapeutically recovered. Explanations and related therapies have tended to be either hotly advocated or decried, not the least were those of Janet and Freud. Once again there is a vigorous debate surrounding the status of recovered memories. This paper was undertaken to contribute to reasoned and balanced dialogue by exploring an historical dimension. There is a renaissance of interest in the oeuvre of Janet. In this article Janetian sources are examined in which he criticised Freud's views on sexual trauma and elaborated his own position, a position which is yet significant today.
A Possible Adjusting Procedure for Studying Outcomes of Risk-Taking
Authors: Dixon Mark R. , Hayes Linda J. , Rehfeldt Ruth Anne , Ebbs Ralph E.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the role of consequences in the maintenance and termination of risk-taking behavior. In 1987 Ladouceur, Mayrand, and Tourigny proposed a quantitative measure of risk-taking based on roulette playing, but this metric did not include the outcome of that risk. Therefore, their original equation may be adjusted to incorporate a concurrent analysis of the consequences of risk-taking to understand better individual differences with respect to risk-taking behavior. An experiment with six subjects, 3 experienced and 3 inexperienced, who played roulette was used to evaluate the accuracy of the equation's predictions. Replication with a much larger sample is required to substantiate the suggestion that this adjustment would be more accurate than the original equation in predicting future risk-taking.
College Women's Definitions of and Experiences with Social Power
Authors: Pollock Alessandra
Published: August 2011

Responses of 24 female college students to questionnaires on their definitions of and experiences with social power indicated that they define power in society consistent with a traditional definition of power, whereas they define and use power as individuals consistent with a feminist model.
On the Relationship between Cultural Literacy and Scholastic Achievement among University Students in Secondary Education
Authors: Bart William M.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between cultural literacy and scholastic achievement among 81 university students in secondary education was investigated. Cultural literacy was assessed by the American Cultural Literacy Test, an objective test of 100 multiple-choice items based on the terms in Hirsch's book on cultural literacy. Scholastic achievement was assessed by final examination score and the number of points received from the midterm and final examinations and the term paper used in an introductory course in educational psychology. The literacy test was reliable with a Kuder-Richardson 20 value of .94 and its scores correlated .55 with course point totals and .53 with final examination scores. In addition, the literacy test scores correlated .33 with the subjects' ages.
Longevity in Age-Heterogamous Marriages
Authors: Williams Carthol L. , Durm Mark W.
Published: August 2011

A post facto analysis was conducted to study the relationship between longevity and age-heterogamous marriages with data from 776 cemetery records. A significant positive linear relationship was found between age difference and age at death of men. No significant relationship was found for women.
Comparison of WAIS and WAIS–R Scores among Bright Adults Aged 20–34
Authors: Culross Rita R. , Lakshmanan Aruna
Published: August 2011

IQs on the WAIS and WAIS–R of 23 women and 22 men showed means on the former to be higher than on the latter and some difference in relative contribution of subtests to over-all IQ.
University Students' Adjustment Problems
Authors: Cherian Varghese Iepen , Cherian Lily
Published: August 2011

Considerable information is available on the adjustment problems of first-year university students in developed countries, but comparatively little is known about such problems in Asia and Africa. This study of a representative sample of 1257 first-year students conducted at the University of the North showed that 33 to 85% of the first-year students experienced various adjustment problems.
Cognitive Failures and Stress
Authors: Mahoney Anne M. , Dalby J. Thomas , King Michael C.
Published: August 2011

138 healthy volunteers in four age groups completed the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (Self and Other) as well as measures of attention, freedom from distractibility, daily stress, and trait-state anxiety. Self-reported and observed cognitive failures were strongly associated with stress and anxiety. Higher self-reported cognitive failure in one age group appeared tied to this finding. We discuss the usefulness of self-report of cognitive failures for neuropsychological practice.
Issues Related to Using a Short-Form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale
Authors: Kimberlin Carole L. , Pendergast Jane F. , Berardo Donna H. , McKenzie Lynda C.
Published: August 2011

The study examined the reliability and validity, including the factor structure, of a 10-item abbreviated version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression (CES—Depression) scale when administered as part of a mail questionnaire. It also examined patterns of nonresponse to items and the effects of imputation of data for missing items on the factor structure of the inventory. A problem of missing data has been reported even with interview administration of the CES–Depression. Researchers have varied considerably in the amount of imputation used to replace missing datapoints. In this study, factor structures varied when items were imputed. In addition, those subjects with complete data were compared with those with up to two imputed datapoints. Those subjects with imputed data were more likely to be female, have lower functional status scores, lower self-reported health status, more advanced age, and a greater number of depressive symptoms than those with no missing data. While the estimate of coefficient alpha of .78 indicated the inventory was reliable, the effects of missing data on construct validity were problematic.
Sex Differences in Union Instrumentality
Authors: Heshizer Brian , Martin Harry
Published: August 2011

Sex differences in union instrumentality perceptions were compared for a sample of 2401 senior high school students. Girls had a significantly lower mean perception of union instrumentality than the boys, but among the 229 college students there were no differences.
Ego Identity Status in Cross-Cultural Context: A Comparison of Norwegian and United States University Students
Authors: Jensen Mette , Kristiansen Ingvill , Sandbekk Merete , Kroger Jane
Published: August 2011

To examine patterns of identity development for late adolescents raised in the Norwegian mixed liberal welfare-state economic system compared with late adolescents raised in the free-market economic system of the United States, ego identity status scores and distributions were examined for 56 (37 women, 19 men). Norwegian and 1498 (814 women, 684 men) United States undergraduate university students using the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status–2. The United States sample was drawn from four geographic regions and comprised of those who had participated in prior studies performed by Adams. Significant differences were found between the two nations on all identity status subscales in the ideological and interpersonal domains for each sex. The more moderate identity status scale scores evidenced by the Norwegian sample may reflect a cultural trend toward greater moderation in the exploration and commitment process.
Demographic Characteristics of Canadian Women Corporate Directors
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Kurucz Elizabeth
Published: August 2011

This study of demographic characteristics of 220 women currently serving as corporate directors of Canada's largest corporations indicates this group was highly educated, had varied business experience, and had achieved high occupational and professional success.
Pay Procedures and Voluntary Turnover: Does Procedural Justice Matter?
Authors: Jones Foard F.
Published: August 2011

Using a stratified sample of 506 occupationally heterogenous employees of a large County government in the United States, this study assessed the extent to which the perceived fairness of pay procedures are related to voluntary turnover. Controlling for the effects of demographic characteristics and distributive justice, the perceived fairness of procedures for pay determination, performance appraisal and appeals were related to voluntary turnover. Over-all, the results indicate that pay procedures are valued for their utility in predicting future pay decisions by the organization. The perceived fairness of pay-related procedures were also better predictors of which individuals will remain employed with the organization than of the individuals who will leave the organization.
Interaction between Maternal Cigarette Smoking and Apgar Scores in Predicting Offending Behavior
Authors: Gibson Chris L. , Tibbetts Stephen G.
Published: August 2011

Research has shown that various perinatal conditions increase the likelihood of offending behavior; however, results have been mixed, but interactions among perinatal risk factors in predicting offending behavior have been neglected. The purpose was to examine the interaction of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and 1-min. Apgar scores at birth in predicting individuals' later offending behavior. The longitudinal data set was taken from the Philadelphia portion of the Collaborative Perinatal Project and consisted of 832 inner-city, African-American youths. A logistic regression analysis indicated that the combined effect of maternal cigarette smoking and low Apgar scores had a significant influence in predicting offending behavior, whereas the independent effects of the component variables did not.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Relations between Prevalence Rate and School District Size, Diagnostic Method, and Referral Process
Authors: Daley Christine E. , Onwuegbuzie Anthony J. , Griffin Harold
Published: August 2011

To study whether prevalence rates of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are related to size of school district, diagnostic method, and referral process, the ADHD Survey was mailed to all 311 superintendents of school districts in a midsouthern state; 128 (41.1%) were returned. Analysis showed no significant relationships; however, the low return rate suggests replication in other regions is necessary.
Differences in Worldviews of Japanese and Americans in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Cohorts
Authors: Chapell Mark S. , Takahashi Masami
Published: August 2011

In this study, the worldviews of 127 young, middle-aged, and older Japanese adults were compared with those of 121 young, middle-aged, and older American adults. As expected, the worldviews of Japanese adults were significantly more organismic than those of American adults. Contrary to expectation, older adults in both cultures were significantly more mechanistic in their worldviews than middle-aged and young adults. Results were discussed in terms of differences between cultures and cohorts.
A Replication of Rated Relevance of Self-Help Words from Psychology Books
Authors: Forest James J.
Published: August 2011

44 men and 47 women rated 128 high frequency words from self-help psychology books similarly for relevance to self-help behaviour. Words that appeared in more self-help books were rated higher in relevance, and words from best-selling books generally were rated higher.
Factors Affecting Reliability of Interpretations of Scree Plots
Authors: Streiner David L.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine factors which may affect the reliability of interpreting scree plots. Six experienced and 11 novice raters were each given 10 scree plots; 5 were taken from Cattell and Vogelmann's (1977) paper and reflected artificial data, and 5 were from real data sets. Plots were drawn to simulate computer output. Novices were slightly more reliable than experts; and both were more reliable with artificial data (intraclass correlations of .33 and .33, respectively) than with real data (intraclass correlations of .05 and .00). Eliminating the single Cattell and Vogelmann plot which had error built in resulted in higher reliabilities (.42 and .36). Thus, the reliability of interpreting plots appears poor under conditions which approximate how they are usually read: data which contain error and are plotted on graphs which have a varying ratio of X- to Y-axis scales.
Life Satisfaction of Working Women and “Nonemployed” Housewives in a Chinese Context
Authors: Shek Daniel T. L.
Published: August 2011

On two occasions separated by 1 year 378 Chinese women showed that, when compared with the 133 working mothers, the “nonemployed” housewives rated their life satisfaction higher.
Type a Behavior, Social Support, Stress, and Physical and Psychological Well-Being among Japanese Women
Authors: Sumi Katsunori
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the relationships among self-report scores for Type A behavior, social support, and stress, and those for physical and psychological well-being among 152 Japanese female college students. Significant interactions were found between scores for Type A behavior and social support, indicating that individuals who report higher Type A behavior as well as higher social support tended to rate their physical and psychological well-being higher than those who reported higher Type A behavior but lower social support.
Suicidality and Helplessness
Authors: Ozment John M. , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 70 undergraduate men and women, scores on prior suicidal ideation were associated with scores on a helplessness scale based on an internal locus of control but not a helplessness scale based on an external locus of control.
Emotional Stability Pertaining to the Game Vampire: The Masquerade
Authors: Simon Armando
Published: August 2011

A role-playing game called Vampire: The Masquerade has been described in the popular press as etiological of antisocial behavior. The 16 PF was administered to players of the game and the years of playing the game was correlated with scores on antisocial behavior. No relationship was found with amount of exposure to the game on Factor C.
Pets and Health
Authors: Brasić James Robert
Published: August 2011

Beneficial and adverse effects of pets for individuals in a wide range of circumstances have been reported. Nevertheless, well-designed unbiased experiments and long-term follow-up studies are needed. Pets appear to be therapeutic for some individuals and deleterious for others. The controversies concerning the effects of pets on health merit objective assessment by unbiased researchers.
Death Anxiety, Coping Resources, and Comfort with Dying Patients among Nurses in AIDS Care Facilities
Authors: Demmer Craig
Published: August 2011

437 nursing staff members in seven AIDS residential health care facilities in New York City were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of the Death Anxiety Scale, the Coping Resources Inventory, the Comfort with Dying Patients Scale, and a Demographic Section. 197 usable questionnaires were returned. There were statistically significant racial or ethnic differences in scores on physical coping resources, with African-Americans reporting the fewest resources. No significant relations were found between scores on death anxiety, coping resources, and comfort with dying patients. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the interaction of the Nursing group (professional or paraprofessional nurses), Death anxiety, and Coping resources with Comfort with dying patients. There were no statistically significant differences for death anxiety, coping resources, and comfort with dying patients by the Nursing group.
Implicit Memory for Radio Advertising
Authors: Perfect Timothy J. , Edwards Alex
Published: August 2011

Previous studies have shown that prior exposure to printed advertising leads to increased liking of advertising material, independent of explicit memory. This study examined whether such an effect occurs with radio advertising and whether the magnitude of the effect is related to duration of the advertisement or its frequency. Participants were incidentally exposed to a 30-min. radio show within which were embedded 10- and 30-sec. advertisements. The 10-sec. advertisements were presented once, twice, or three times. Participants subsequently rated target and filler advertisements. There was clear evidence of a positive shift in attitudes towards previously exposed advertisements but mixed results for frequency and duration.
A Provisional Comparison of Factor Structures Using English, Japanese, and Chinese Versions of the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory
Authors: Danis Wade , Dollinger Marc J.
Published: August 2011

398 graduate and undergraduate students from the USA, Japan, and Hong Kong were administered Kirton's 1976 Adaption-Innovation Inventory of decision style. Factor analysis yielded different factor solutions for each of the three groups. Differences in factor structures suggest that adaption and innovation may be interpreted differently across cultures, with implications for group performance in cross-cultural settings. When used in cross-cultural research, Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory scores should be assessed not only in terms of between-group differences in mean scores but also in terms of differences in underlying factor structures.
Abortion Affiliation, Urban Size, and Geographic Bias of Responses to Lost Letters
Authors: Bridges F. Stephen , Williamson C. Bennett , Scheibe Jennifer J.
Published: August 2011

A study using 1800 “lost letters” was designed to test the hypothesis that returned responses would be greater in smaller rural communities (population M = 964) than in a city (population = 60,591) or the suburbs (population = 195,847) unless the addressee was affiliated with a pro-abortion group. Returns to control, Committee For Free Abortion, and Committee Against Free Abortion affiliates were 37.2%, 24.0%, 29.3%, respectively. From the city, the number of returned letters was much larger than the number from the suburbs except for those letters with an affiliation to the pro-abortion condition. Returned letters from the city were fewer than those from smaller rural communities except those letters affiliated with the pro-abortion group. More letters affiliated with the pro-abortion condition were returned from the suburbs than from the smaller rural communities. The geographic condition influenced over-all rates of return. Rates were higher when letters were addressed to a city P.O. Box than to a rural one. Second, rates were also greater in smaller rural communities for letters bearing “in-town” (Molino) and “out-of-town” (Pensacola) addresses than those from the city bearing an “out-of-town” (Molino) address. These findings seem to indicate the possibility that there may be some geographic bias in the willingness of people to help a stranger in need by returning a lost letter.
Gender Portrayals in Telephone Books for Gay Community versus Pacific-Bell Yellow Pages
Authors: Waugh Irma Morales , Rienzi Beth Menees
Published: August 2011

Photographic images ( N = 2,700) from three 1997 Pacific-Bell Yellow Pages ( n = 1,976) and from three 1996–97 gay, lesbian, and bisexual community telephone books ( n = 724) were classified into three groups by visible features (definite male, definite female, and gender nonspecific). The latter were excluded. The proportion of male photographic images was larger in gay community books than in Pacific-Bell telephone books.
The MMPI–2 Gender-Role Scales as Measures of Sex-Typing
Authors: Cellucci Tony , Wilkerson Amy , Mandra Douglas
Published: August 2011

The validity of the MMPI–2 Gender-role GM/GF scales as measures of sex-typing was examined relative to gender classification using the Personality Attributes Questionnaires. Although mean differences by sex were in the expected direction, the scales did not distinguish sex-typed, androgynous, and undifferentiated subjects. Correlations with the PAQ gender scales provided some support for the criterion validity of Gender-role GM scale for both men and women and the Gender-role GF scale for women.
Educational Goals of Educators and Teachers in South Africa
Authors: Skuy Mervyn , Fridjhon Peter , O'Carroll Shelley
Published: August 2011

This study investigated South African teachers' ( n = 360) and educators' ( n = 72) perceptions of the goals of education. Consistent ranks, obtained for all groups, suggest that teachers and educators theoretically favour an educational system that is outcome-based and cognitively oriented, despite the previous emphasis on content and rote learning.
Pragmatic Language Behaviors of Adults Diagnosed with Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Byrne Marie E. , Crowe Thomas A. , Griffin Pamela S.
Published: August 2011

35 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia provided samples of narrative and conversational discourse and completed a criterion-referenced test of pragmatic language ability. There was a significant relationship between performance on pragmatic language tasks and perceived over-all functioning of schizophrenic subjects as measured by psychological assessment. Subjects who were perceived as functioning at low levels on the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale from the Diagnostic and 1994 Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders had low self-disclosure in conversation, produced less information in narratives, and produced more nonscorable items on a criterion-referenced test of pragmatic language. Appropriateness of speech suprasegmentals was also related to patients' perceived effectiveness as communicators as well as to their perceived over-all functioning as measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale.
Correlates of Family Competence in Families with Paternal Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Haugland Bente S. M. , Havik Odd E.
Published: August 2011

The present study explored factors correlated with family competence in families with paternal alcohol abuse ( N = 20). Family competence is measured by the Family Competence Scale in the Beavers Systems Model of Family Functioning. Based on a review of the literature, socioeconomic status, parents' psychological symptoms, and drinking behaviour were selected as possible correlates of family competence. The findings indicated that family competence was correlated with both parents' reports of psychological symptoms as measured by SCL–90. The strongest correlate of family competence was, however, the socioeconomic status of the family. The only aspect of drinking behaviour significantly correlated with family competence was severity of the fathers' alcohol abuse. These results indicate the importance of including individual factors, family factors, and socioeconomic measures in the assessment of families with paternal alcohol abuse.
Psychopathological Dimensions and Lack of Insight in Schizophrenia
Authors: Cuesta Manuel J. , Peralta Victor , Zarzuela Amalia
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated the relationships of psychopathological dimensions of schizophrenia with Insight in a sample of 100 acute schizophrenic patients. Lack of insight was significantly correlated with disorganized, excited and negative schizophrenic dimensions but not with other Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale dimensions. In addition, when insight was assessed through a multidimensional approach, a variety of relationships with the schizophrenic dimensions were found.
Validity of the 16PF Reasoning Ability Scale
Authors: Abel Millicent H. , Brown L. Katherine
Published: August 2011

The construct validity of the 16PF Reasoning Ability Scale was tested against the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (WAIS–R) with 60 undergraduate students. Moderate correlations were obtained between scores on the reasoning scale and the WAIS–R Full Scale, Verbal Scale, and Performance Scale (.57, .44, .51, respectively). The strongest correlations between scores on the reasoning scale and WAIS–R subtests were obtained for Information and Block Design. These data indicate modest support for the validity of the 16PF Reasoning Ability Scale as a measure of intelligence.
Self-Esteem and Men's Negative Stereotypes of Women Who Work
Authors: Valentine Sean
Published: August 2011

The relationships between self-esteem and attitudes toward women who work were explored using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth for 4,386 young adult males Significant, negative associations were found among the measures, which suggests that men with low scores on self-esteem tend to oppose the employment of women, while men with high self-esteem scores are likely to approve of women working. These findings support previous research on the relationship between self-esteem and prejudice as well as indicate possible sources of unequal treatment of men and women in the workplace.
Least Absolute Regression Residuals: Analyses of Block Designs
Authors: Berry Kenneth J. , Mielke Paul W
Published: August 2011

Residuals obtained from least sum of absolute deviations regression are analyzed by a procedure consistent with Euclidean geometry. Applications to a one-way block design, a two-way block design, and a Latin square design are illustrated and evaluated.
Clarity of Instruction by Type-A Scoring College Teachers
Authors: Lamude Kevin G. , Wolven Milissa
Published: August 2011

In a study of 149 college teachers, their self-reported Type-A scores were significantly and positively correlated with their perceived clarity of classroom instruction
Problem-Solving in Relation to Abuse by a Partner
Authors: McNamara John R. , Ertl Melissa , Neufeld Jonathan
Published: August 2011

The present study investigated the usefulness of the construct of abuse-related problem-solving in relation 10 the reported experience of abuse by a partner in both clinical and nonclinical samples of women. Data were collected from a clinical sample of 101 women who were receiving treatment at a domestic violence shelter and from a nonclinical sample of 635 female undergraduates attending a medium-sized university. Analysis indicated that women in both samples who possessed good abuse-related problem-solving ability reported experiencing less abuse from their partners. The usefulness of this construct as well as its limitations were noted.
Engaging in “Illusory Control” during Repeated Risk-Taking
Authors: Dixon Mark R. , Hayes Linda J. , Ebbs Ralph E.
Published: August 2011

Risk-taking behavior occurs when an individual chooses to engage in a game of chance. Although the outcomes of these games are completely random, many individuals believe that they can exercise some control over the outcomes. The present study examined the extent to which five undergraduate roulette players would pay additional money for opportunities to engage in an illusory activity that had no influence on the game's outcome, i.e., choosing random numbers rather than having the experimenter choose them. All five subjects engaged in this type of activity, and the extent to which they did was linearly related to the player's winnings. These findings may suggest why people continue to gamble when the odds of winning are against them.
Does Having a Woman Manager Affect Managerial Women's Work and Career Experiences?
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Divinagracia Louis A. , Mamo Ermias
Published: August 2011

This study compared the work and career experiences of Filipino professional and managerial women with men and women supervisors. Data were collected from 200 women working in banking and financial services and the fashion and cosmetics sectors. Sex of supervisor was not associated with Filipino women's work and career experiences.
Sense of Coherence as a Modifier of Occupational Stress Exposure, Stress Perception, and Experienced Strain: A Study of Industrial Managers
Authors: Kivimäki Mika , Kalimo Raija , Toppinen Salla
Published: August 2011

750 male industrial managers participated in a survey specifying the role of sense of coherence in occupational stress. A strong sense of coherence buffered from strain almost independently of respondents' age, exposure to stressors, or perceived stressors; however, a strong sense of coherence was slightly related to the selection of individuals into jobs characterized by relatively low exposure to such stressors as lack of control and role ambiguity. Sense of coherence did not moderate the relationships among exposure to stressors, perceived stressors, and strain experienced.
Introducing a New Adolescent Psychopathology Screen: The High School Personality Questionnaire Pathology Section
Authors: Gedeon Scott W. , Schuerger James M.
Published: August 2011

Evidence of criterion validity for a psychopathology supplement for the 1984 High School Personality Questionnaire of Cattell, Cattell, and Johns was obtained. This evidence came from correlations with Achenbach's scores on the Child Behavior Checklist and clinicians' ratings of 24 participants' psychological adjustment.
Pathological Gambling and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Blaszczynski Alex
Published: August 2011

To test the hypothesis that pathological gambling can be classified as an Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder, the Padua Inventory was administered to 40 diagnosed pathological gamblers and a control group of 40 normal subjects. Analysis showed that the pathological gamblers obtained a significantly higher mean total score on obsessionality than controls. Elevated scores on two factors reflecting impaired control of mental activities and loss of motor control contributed to the over-all difference. In the context of other research suggesting pathological gamblers would score high on psychometric measures of impulsivity, this study provides preliminary support for a Spectrum Disorder Model, suggesting that pathological gamblers are characterised by elevated scores on traits of ‘impulsivity’ and ‘obsessionality.’
Chronic Drinking, Binge Drinking, and Drunk Driving II
Authors: Duncan David F. , Donnelly Joseph , Nicholson Thomas , White John
Published: August 2011

Data from the Rhode Island Behavioral Risk Factor Survey on self-reported alcohol consumption and drunk driving were examined. Driving while intoxicated was significantly associated with both binge drinking and chronic drinking, but the measures of drinking were not significantly associated.
On the Puzzle of Language, Pragmatics, and Schizophrenia
Authors: Fine Jonathan
Published: August 2011

The nature of circularity in thinking about language in schizophrenia is described, and initial observations by Byrne, et al. appropriate for breaking that circularity identified.
Perceived Competence, Social Anxiety about Physique, and Enjoyment in Testing Situations among Groups of Mixed Sex and Girls Only
Authors: Yin Zenong , Ryska Todd A.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of the present study was to assess whether there are differences in agility and coordination performance, anxiety about physique, perceived competence, and enjoyment between girls ( n = 56) performing within mixed-sex versus all-female high school classes in physical education. A series of between-group comparisons yielded no significant differences between groups on measures of performance, perceived competence, and anxiety about physique; however, the mixed-sex group reported significantly greater enjoyment on both psychomotor tests than the all-female group ( ps ⩽ .05). Results are discussed within other contexts such as sport motivation and Weiss and Chaumeton's (1992) theory of youth sport development.
Assessing Perceptions of School Climate among Jordanian Students in English-Speaking Schools
Authors: Johnson William L. , Johnson Annabel M.
Published: August 2011

The study assessed the perceptions of school climate among 183 students at the Amman Baccalaureate School and the New English School in Amman, Jordan. Findings indicate that these students' largest perceived discrepancies between present and desired school climates are related to opportunities for providing input into school processes and decisions and to issues of trust and caring.
An Assessment of Continuing Education Needs of a Group of Newly Licensed New Mexico Attorneys
Authors: Johnson William L. , Askins Billy E. , Johnson Annabel M.
Published: August 2011

An assessment inventory for the planning and delivery of continuing legal education was developed for the Supreme Court of New Mexico. The ten competency areas assessed were obtained from the American Bar Association's MacCrate Report: problem solving, legal reasoning, legal research, factual investigation, communication, counseling, negotiation, litigation and dispute resolution, legal management, and resolving ethical dilemmas. A survey of 30 New Mexico attorneys who had practiced for one year or less suggested the greatest areas of need were in the areas of negotiation, litigation and dispute resolution, and problem solving.
Sex and the Barnum Effect: A Reply to Layne
Authors: Downey Jerrold L.
Published: August 2011

Some preliminary data and logic suggest a sex difference in “helpfulness” is a more economic explanation of the difference between men and women in the Barnum Effect.
Reliability of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form Y in Japanese Samples
Authors: Iwata Noboru , Mishima Norio
Published: August 2011

The internal consistency of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Form Y was examined using data collected from Japanese participants by five diverse surveys, in which one included American university students. Cronbach coefficient α was calculated separately for state and trait items as well as for anxiety-present and -absent items. The internal consistency was higher for the anxiety-absent items than those of the state and trait anxiety items, but this tendency was not clear for the anxiety-present items. The trait anxiety items showed the lowest internal consistency for all Japanese groups, whereas the anxiety-present items showed the lowest a for American university students. It can be considered that this difference might induce the difference in two-factor structure between Japanese and people in Western countries.
Correlations of Self-Ratings of Attitude towards Violent Groups with Measures of Personality, Self-Esteem, and Moral Reasoning
Authors: Sotelo Maria Jose , Sangrador Jose Luis
Published: August 2011

Relations of self-rated positive attitudes towards violent groups were examined among 273 adolescents with scores on self-esteem, moral reasoning, and self-perceptions of personality. Moral reasoning, measured by the Rest Defining Issues Test, correlated −.18 but not with self-esteem scores. There were significant correlations of .18 or .19 between the self-rated attitudes and Materialism, Conformity, Conservatism, Obstinance, Anxiety, and Thoughtlessness, but rs accounted for very little common variance.
Cross-Cultural Similarity in the Love Attitudes Scale: Short Form
Authors: Huang Ming-Hui
Published: August 2011

Recently, Hendrick, Hendrick, and Dicke presented two short forms of the Love Attitudes Scale, the first using 24 items with 4 items for each subscale and the second using 18 items with 3 items for each subscale. Their data indicated that the two short versions have even stronger psychometric properties than the original scale. This study reports an 18-item short form of the scale developed independently in Taiwan using 460 graduate and undergraduate students in the fall semester of 1997. The results demonstrated a remarkable cross-cultural similarity in the development and response to the short form of the scale and its applicability to a broader cultural setting.