bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inspektion, Prüfung und Instandhaltung von Photovoltaik-Anlagen.
Authors: Schröder Wolfgang
Published: January 2022

Die weitverbreitete Meinung, dass eine Photovoltaik-Anlage über mehrere Jahre hinweg Strom erzeugt und wartungsfrei ist, stellt sich oft als Irrtum heraus. Tatsächlich muss eine regelmäßige Wartung erfolgen damit eine Anlage störungsfrei Strom erzeugen kann und somit Mindererträge vermieden werden. Sowohl an die Wartung als auch an die Planung werden deshalb zukünftig hohe Anforderungen zu stellen sein, um den langfristigen Betrieb an der hohen Anzahl der installierten Anlagen zu sichern.

Das Anliegen dieses Fachbuches ist es deshalb, sowohl dem Prüfungsverantwortlichen als auch dem Anlagenbetreiber Hinweise zur Fehlererkennung, fachgerechten Inspektion, Prüfung und Instandsetzung zu geben. Ergänzt wird das Buch durch die Beschreibung der rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen von Instandhaltungs- und Instandsetzungsaufträgen, deren Inhalten sowie Hinweise zur praktischen Durchführung.
Dächer - Kompendium der Schadensursachen.
Authors: Holzapfel Walter
Published: January 2022

Oftmals bestimmt der Preis und nicht der Mehrwert welche Qualität das zukünftige Dach haben soll. Aber nicht nur der Kostendruck sondern auch Unkenntnis von Baustoffen und Normen können zu Schäden am Dach führen.

Der Autor zeigt anhand dokumentierter Fälle, wie man Schäden in sämtlichen Bereichen von Steil- und Flachdächern, Balkonen und Dachterrassen bei Planung und Ausführung vermeidet und stellt ihnen Vorschläge gegenüber, welche Ausführung die jeweils sinnvolle ist. Er geht ausführlich auf die Themen Wetterschutz, Unterkonstruktionen, Dampf- und Luftsperren, Dachgauben, Abdichtungen, Dämmungen und Brandschutz ein. Für sämtliche Bereiche des Dachs gibt er Hinweise auf technische Unterschiede bei Baustoffen und Anwendungsweisen.
Sanierung einer Wohnanlage.
Authors: Kohlbecker Günter
Published: January 2022

Gesetzliche Vorgaben einerseits und die steigenden Ansprüche andererseits verlangen von Eigentümern und Bewohnern von Gebäuden, sich zu überlegen, wie sie ihr Gebäude zukunftsfähig halten, Kosten und Amortisation, Bedürfnisse und Risiken gegeneinander abwägen. Indirekt davon betroffen sind die Hausverwaltungen als Ansprechpartner für die kaufmännischen Belange und die Planer, weil diese die Technik beherrschen. Der Gesetzgeber hat mit der Energieeinsparverordnung EnEV auf Luftverschmutzung und hohe Heizkosten reagiert. Neubauten haben rigide Grenzwerte zu erfüllen. Diese gelten auch im Bestand, wenn die in der EnEV festgelegten Kriterien überschritten werden. Eine Pflicht zum Nachrüsten gibt es nur in Teilbereichen; der Gesetzgeber unterstellt, dass die Möglichkeit des Vermietens mit dem Grad der energetischen Sanierung und dem damit geringeren Energieverbrauch zusammenhängt. Die Sanierung wird von den einzelnen Beteiligten in Abhängigkeit von der Betroffenheit unterschiedlich gesehen. Kosten - offen oder verdeckt - sind der Maßstab der Auseinandersetzung zwischen Eigentümer, Mieter, Hausverwaltung und Planer. Das Fachbuch unternimmt den Versuch, die Interessen der einzelnen Gruppen zu erklären und die Abhängigkeiten zu den übrigen Gruppen aufzuzeigen.
Provides an Approach based on Adaptive Forwarding and Label Switching to Improve the Speed of Packet Forwarding in NDN Networks
Authors: Rezaei Hadis , Sadeghi Sahar , Badeli Leila
Published: January 2022

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a recently designed Internet architecture that benefits data names instead of locations and creates essential changes in the abstraction of network services from "delivering packets to specific destinations” to "retrieving data with special names" makes. This fundamental change creates new opportunities and intellectual challenges in all areas, especially network routing and communication, communication security, and privacy. The focus of this dissertation is on the forwarding aircraft feature introduced by NDN. Communication in NDN is done by exchanging interest and data packets. Consumers send interest packets to request data, routers send them based on the data prefix name, and manufacturers respond with data packets exactly how interest is received. During this process, routers maintain information about the status of suspended interests. As regards NDN is still in its early stage, none of these strong efficiency features have done systematically designed, measured, or tracked in data retrieval and multi-path detection. This paper tries to improve transport performance by combining label switching with adaptive transport methods. For this purpose, in addition to RTT, another timer called T is used, an RTT factor for interface rating. And uses the BDP to choose the best interface to respond to interest. During this process, response time, throughput, and data recovery time are improved by 12%, 10%, and 5%, respectively.
Single-cell transcriptomics of lung organoids
Authors: Song Ye Na , Lee Man Ryul
Published: January 2022

The in vitro application of human pluripotent stem cell- or adult stem cell-derived lung organoids has the potential to revolutionize lung disease research, but there are several limitations in the consistent implementation of lung organoids resulting from the structural diversity of the lung tissues and the variety of cell types (more than 40 resident cell types) populating these tissues. However, the evaluation of these complexities using a combination of lung organoids and single-cell transcriptomics has made it possible to identify several key cell types and sub-populations critical to the development of robust in vitro organoid models. Recent studies have started to use stem cells to produce these organoids, making it possible to mimic complex 3-dimensional tissues. Furthermore, single-cell mRNA sequencing allows critical comparisons of the transcriptome, which may help focus future research in the field of lung disease.
The effect of a homoeopathic complex (Sil-Sel-Hep-K-Lap-Puls) on acne vulgaris
Authors:   , Lee Monique
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a homoeopathic acne complex Sil-Sel-Hep-K-Lap-Puls, which is an abbreviation of its components - Silicea 30CH, Selenium 9CH, Hepar sulphuris 30CH, Kali bromatum 9CH, Arctium lappa 3CH, and Pulsatilla 30CH, in the treatment of acne vulgaris. This study is a double blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical evaluation. Convenience sampling was employed to draw 34 patients, of both sex, median age 21 years from the greater Durban area. Those patients suffering from Acne fulminans, Acne rosacea and Conglobate acne or receiving hormonal, vitamin, Schussler tissue salts, antibiotics and other acne treatments that would affect the acne vulgaris would not be accepted into the treatment. There were 34 patients of which 16 constituted the control group and received only placebo. The remaining 18 were the experimental group and were treated with the homoeopathic acne complex. The homoeopathic acne complex was prepared by the homoeopathic laboratory, Pharma natura. The effect of the homoeopathic acne complex was measured in terms of the reduction in the total number oflesions ie. The Leeds Technique for assessing acne vulgaris - the counting technique.
The effects of colibacillinum and co-trimoxazole on the growth and cellular morphology of Escherichia coli
Authors:   , Moolla Farhana
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of Colibacillinum and co-trimoxazole in terms of it's effect on the growth rate and cellular morphology of E. coli in order to contribute towards the understanding of the use of Colibacillinum in E. coli infections. The strain of E. coli used in this study was isolated from a patient with cystitis. The experiment consisted of 2 trials. During the first trial, E.coli was tested for sensitivity to co-trimoxazole. The method of choice was the serial-dilution-agar-plating procedure. Samples were removed Oh, 6h, 12h, 24h and 48h after inoculation, serially diluted' and incubated for 24h. During the second trial, E. coli was tested for sensitivity to Colibacillinum 5CH, 7CH, 9CH, 12CH and 15CH by employing the method stated above. From the data obtained the growth rate, specific growth rate, maximum cell population reached and lag phase were computed. Colibacillinum 7CH proved to be the most effective potency, of the various potencies tested. Colibacillinum 7CH reduced the maximum population by 41.5% and cotrimoxazole reduced the maximum population by 97% relative to the maximum population of the control. The maximum specific growth rate of the E.coli treated with Colibacillinum 7CH increased by 0.609% and that treated with co-trimoxazole decreased by 67.33% when compared to the maximum specific growth rate of the control. The in vitro results indicate that co-trimoxazole is a far superior bacteriostatic chemotherapeutic agent than Colibacillinum. This is further supported by the changes in cellular morphology observed during scanning electron microscopy. The E. coli treated with co-trimoxazole was found to be shorter in length and irregular when compared to E. coli treated with Colibacillinum 7CH. Definitive conclusions could not be drawn from the results therefore Colibacillinum cannot be recommended as a front line agent in the treatment of cystitis. It's use in the treatment of E. coli infections, in conjunction with other forms of treatment, either homoeopathic or allopathic, may only be recommended once further studies have been conducted.
The efficiency of phytoremediation using Panicum maximum and TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors:   , Cibane Nozipho Sinenhlanhla
Published: January 2022

This study focused on the application of Panicum maximum (guinea grass) for evaluating the phytoremediation of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2). This study was done to explore the ability of Panicum maximum Jacq as a hyperaccumulator for phytoremediation of nTiO2. Titanium dioxide has steadily become more abundant in our environment over the years due to human activities, and this could potentially harm the environment. Panicum maximum (guinea grass) is a non-vascular plant with a short life cycle. It is well adapted to a wide variety of conditions. It originated from Africa but is presently found and cultivated in almost all parts of the world with tropical climates. It is loosely to densely tufted, with short rhizomous rooting at the lower nodes. Leaf blades are linear to narrowly lanceolate. Plant to metal oxide nanoparticle interaction was investigated by germination of seeds in the presence of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nTiO2). The uptake of nTiO2 by Panicum maximum Jacq was evaluated after treatment of the seedlings with nTiO2. The synthesized nTiO2 was characterized, using Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The average mean particle distribution was analyzed using Image J. The Image J analysis showed that the average particle distribution of nTiO2 was 9 nm. The TEM and SEM results revealed that the particles in the nTiO2 were spherical in shape. The XRD analysis revealed that the nTiO2 was predominantly 67.1% and 32.9% of anatase and rutile forms, respectively. Metal uptake was analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometer method (ICP-OES) after the plants were digested using the wet digestion and microwave digestion methods. The ability of the plants to translocate the metals to the aerial parts of the plants (Translocation Factor - TF) was evaluated for the metal using concentration ranging from 5 ppm to 50 ppm. It was observed that the root had the highest concentration of nTiO2 while the lowest uptake was found in the leaf. The TF was highest for the 5 ppm sample. The roots with the shortest length, which indicated stress/toxicity were that of the plants which were treated with 50 ppm of nTiO2. These also had the highest accumulated nanoparticles which suggested that these plants were negatively impacted by a higher concentration of nTiO2. The standard with 5 ppm treatment showed the highest value of the translocation factor which suggested that at this concentration the nanomaterial aided and catalyzed the movement of nanoparticles to the aerial parts of the plant. The results suggested that seed treated with nanoparticles before planting for phytoremediation purposes could increase the metal uptake selectivity.
Perceptions оf “Vital Space” in the Worldview of Union and Progress Committee and the Armenian Genocide
Authors:   Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute Foundation, Galustyan Regina
Published: January 2022

Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904), a prominent thinker of political geography, put forward an idea of vital space (Lebensraum) by an analogy between a plant and a state. Developing this idea in the 1890s Ratzel defi ned the vital space as a precondition for a given state to provide proper living conditions for its population, without which the existence, development and further expansion of the state would be impossible. Although Ratzel’s theory was predominantly attributed to the Nazi regime and German quest for land in the East, the theory of Lebensraum could be localized on the Ottoman Empire and the policy of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP). Juxtaposing the teachings of Ratzel with the ideological propaganda of the CUP as a ruling party from 1908-1918 and the practical steps taken towards the Turkifi cation of the country, the article argues that the Committee’s political vision was more than just a creation of a Turkish nation-state. The formation and development of the perception of the Asia Minor peninsula and the western part of the Armenian Highlands as a Turkish vital space and the practical steps taken towards the maintenance of this land led to the deliberate destruction of the native Christian populations. The article will present the theoretical framework of Lebensraum, the development of the idea of “homeland” among the Turkish intellectual elite, the geopolitical and historical context in which “Anatolia” was chosen as a Turkish vital space. Interwoven with Herbert Spencer’s doctrine of social Darwinism, and its main concepts “struggle for survival” and the “survival of the fi ttest,” Ratzel’s Lebensraum became more comprehensible to political circles, including high-ranking offi cials of the Committee of Union and Progress. The paper discusses the preconditions for the selection of an area, methods of its conquest and maintenance. While the physical cleansing of the vital space from the “opponent” or “alien” population is one of the methods for maintenance of Lebensraum. Taking the Armenian Genocide as a clear example of this method, the article discusses only the economic and cultural inner expansions. The article concludes that the Armenian Genocide was a set of state-planned deliberate measures by the Ottoman government aimed at the physical destruction and full eradication of the Armenians from the Turkish living space and the social and cultural system of the country.
How Is it a Benefit using Robotic Process Automation in Supply Chain Management?
Authors: PUICA Elena
Published: January 2022

Technologies are constantly evolving and producing new products and opportunities [1]. In the digital transformation, neither automation nor robotics are new technologies developed. Recently, robotic process automation (RPA) has drawn a lot of attention to the impact it can have on Supply Chain Management (SCM) on automation initiatives.
Motivational Factors of Conference Attendees – Relevance of Online Communication and Nationality
Authors: KAZAK Hanna , Fontes CORREIA Ricardo
Published: January 2022

The main goal of this paper is to understand whether there are different motivational factors of decision-making processes to attend a conference from people of different nationalities (namely Portuguese and Germans) as well as their social media usage and preferences.
AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO PSICOPEDAGOGO NO ÂMBITO ESCOLAR
Authors: Batista Gerson de Sousa , Dias Eliane Carvalho Vidal , Figueiredo Aretuza Silva de , Sousa Raquel dos Santos de , Moura Jeane Karine Silva , Rosa Grasielle Verônica
Published: January 2022

O cenário educacional vigente nota-se a ocorrência de vários estudos significativos voltado para as áreas da educação que são fundamentais para o avanço e definição de novos conceitos relacionados a processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sendo que diante dessas inovações emergentes no contexto da sociedade contemporânea a psicopedagogia passou a ser considerada como algo relevante as instituições de ensino. Tendo como objetivo geral: Apontar a importância do trabalho do psicopedagogo nas instituições de ensino. A abordagem desse estudo tem como procedimento técnico o estudo bibliográfico, sendo a pesquisa de cunho qualitativo. Com base nas fundamentações teóricas utilizadas na pesquisa percebe-se que o papel do psicopedagogo nas instituições de ensino é algo relevante na contemporaneidade, porque a escola recebe influência do meio, sendo isso um determinante do perfil e das relações sociais dos sujeitos  na sociedade, meio a esses aspectos a atuação do psicopedagogo precisa ser compreendido como algo favorável a qualidade do ensino.
A case study on the impact of severe convective storms on the water vapor mixing ratio in the lower mid-latitude stratosphere observed in 2019 over Europe
Authors: Khordakova Dina , Rolf Christian , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Müller Rolf , Konopka Paul , Wieser Andreas , Krämer Martina , Riese Martin
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Extreme convective events in the troposphere not only have immediate impacts on the surface, but they can also influence the dynamics and composition of the lower stratosphere (LS). One major impact is the moistening of the LS by overshooting convection. This effect plays a crucial role in climate feedback, as small changes of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) have a large impact on the radiative budget of the atmosphere. In this case study, we investigate water vapor injections into the LS by two consecutive convective events in the European mid-latitudes within the framework of the MOSES (Modular Observation Solutions for Earth Systems) measurement campaign during the early summer of 2019. Using balloon-borne instruments, measurements of convective water vapor injection into the stratosphere were performed. Such measurements with a high vertical resolution are rare. The magnitude of the stratospheric water vapor reached up to 12.1 ppmv (parts per million by volume), with an estimated background value of 5 ppmv. Hence, the water vapor enhancement reported here is of the same order of magnitude as earlier reports of water vapor injection by convective overshooting over North America. However, the overshooting took place in the extratropical stratosphere over Europe and has a stronger impact on long-term water vapor mixing ratios in the stratosphere compared to the monsoon-influenced region in North America. At the altitude of the measured injection, a sharp drop in a local ozone enhancement peak makes the observed composition of air very unique with high ozone up to 650 ppbv (parts per billion by volume) and high water vapor up to 12.1 ppmv. ERA-Interim does not show any signal of the convective overshoot, the water vapor values measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) in the LS are lower than the in situ observations, and the ERA5 overestimated water vapor mixing ratios. Backward trajectories of the measured injected air masses reveal that the moistening of the LS took place several hours before the balloon launch. This is in good agreement with the reanalyses, which shows a strong change in the structure of isotherms and a sudden and short-lived increase in potential vorticity at the altitude and location of the trajectory. Similarly, satellite data show low cloud-top brightness temperatures during the overshooting event, which indicates an elevated cloud top height.
Use of large-eddy simulations to design an adaptive sampling strategy to assess cumulus cloud heterogeneities by remotely piloted aircraft
Authors: Maury Nicolas , Roberts Gregory C. , Couvreux Fleur , Verdu Titouan , Narvor Pierre , Villefranque Najda , Lacroix Simon , Hattenberger Gautier
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Trade wind cumulus clouds have a significant impact on the Earth's radiative balance due to their ubiquitous presence and significant coverage in subtropical regions. Many numerical studies and field campaigns have focused on better understanding the thermodynamic, microphysical, and macroscopic properties of cumulus clouds with ground-based and satellite remote sensing as well as in situ observations. Aircraft flights have provided a significant contribution, but their resolution remains limited by rectilinear transects and fragmented temporal data for individual clouds. To provide a higher spatial and temporal resolution, remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) can now be employed for direct observations using numerous technological advances to map the microphysical cloud structure and to study entrainment mixing. In fact, the numerical representation of mixing processes between a cloud and the surrounding air has been a key issue in model parameterizations for decades. To better study these mixing processes as well as their impacts on cloud microphysical properties, the paper aims to improve exploration strategies that can be implemented by a fleet of RPA. Here, we use a large-eddy simulation (LES) of shallow maritime cumulus clouds to design adaptive sampling strategies. An implementation of the RPA flight simulator within high-frequency LES outputs (every 5 s) allows tracking individual clouds. A rosette sampling strategy is used to explore clouds of different sizes that are static in time and space. The adaptive sampling carried out by these explorations is optimized using one or two RPA and with or without Gaussian process regression (GPR) mapping by comparing the results obtained with those of a reference simulation, in particular the total liquid water content (LWC) and the LWC distribution in a horizontal cross section. Also, a sensitivity test of length scale for GPR mapping is performed.
The results of exploring a static cloud are then extended to a dynamic case of a cloud evolving with time to assess the application of this exploration strategy to study the evolution of cloud heterogeneities.
While a single RPA coupled to GPR mapping remains insufficient to accurately reconstruct individual clouds, two RPA with GPR mapping adequately characterize cloud heterogeneities on scales small enough to quantify the variability of important parameters such as total LWC.
Estimating the uncertainty of middle-atmospheric temperatures retrieved from airborne Rayleigh lidar measurements
Authors: Knobloch Stefanie , Kaifler Bernd , Rapp Markus
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Possible uncertainties of lidar measurements of middle-atmospheric temperatures, measured with the novel airborne Rayleigh lidar system ALIMA, are investigated on the basis of data from the SouthTRAC-GW campaign in September 2019 and corresponding simulations of photon counts of the ALIMA system. We evaluate uncertainties due to the attenuation by Rayleigh extinction and ozone absorption, (signal-induced) photon noise, the photon background, and the nonlinearity of photon counting detectors. Ozone absorption induces an altitude-dependent cold bias in the retrieved temperatures of 2 K between 25 km to 55 km. Rayleigh extinction introduces a similar uncertainty of 2 K below 25 km that can be decreased by a suitable correction. Photon noise can introduce uncertainties of ±25 K at high altitudes (above 70 km) for high temporal resolutions (1 min), but on average the photon noise influences the temperature by only 1 K to 2 K at 70 km and decreases downwards. Uncertainties related to the photon background and the nonlinearity of the detectors, with a dead time correction applied, play a minor role in the temperature uncertainty. The analysis of the photon background in the ALIMA measurements of six research flights of the SouthTRAC-GW campaign proves the assumption of a constant photon background with altitude as well as the Poisson distribution of the photon counts. The airborne operation of ALIMA is advantageous as the high flight altitudes reduce the Rayleigh extinction by up to 17 % and thus result in higher signal levels compared to a ground-based operation. Overall, our analysis reveals that temperatures can be retrieved from ALIMA measurements with a remaining uncertainty of ≤ 1 K if all known biases are corrected.
Assessing the influence of ocean alkalinity enhancement on a coastal phytoplankton community
Authors: Ferderer Aaron , Chase Zanna , Kennedy Fraser , Schulz Kai G. , Bach Lennart Thomas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a proposed method to counteract climate change by increasing the alkalinity of the surface ocean and thus the chemical storage capacity of seawater for atmospheric CO2. The impact of OAE on marine ecosystems, including phytoplankton communities which make up the base of the marine food web, are largely unknown. To investigate the influence of OAE on phytoplankton communities we enclosed a natural plankton community from coastal Tasmania for 22 days in nine microcosms during a spring bloom. Microcosms were split into three groups, (1) the unperturbed control, (2) the unequilibrated treatment where alkalinity was increased (+495 ± 5.2 µmol/kg) but seawater CO2 was not in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2, and (3) the equilibrated treatment where alkalinity was increased (+500 ± 3.2 µmol/kg) and seawater CO2 was in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2. Both treatments have the capacity to increase the inorganic carbon sink of seawater by 21 %. We found that simulated OAE had significant but generally moderate effects on various groups in the phytoplankton community and on heterotrophic bacteria. More pronounced effects were observed for the diatom community where silicic acid draw-down and biogenic silica build-up were reduced at increased alkalinity. Observed changes in phytoplankton communities affected the temporal trends of key biogeochemical parameters such as the organic matter carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Interestingly, the unequilibrated treatment did not have a noticeably larger impact on the phytoplankton (and heterotrophic bacteria) community than the equilibrated treatment, even though the changes in carbonate chemistry conditions were much more severe. This was particularly evident from the occurrence and peak of the phytoplankton spring bloom during the experiment, which was not noticeably different from the control. Altogether, the inadvertent effects of increased alkalinity on the coastal phytoplankton communities appear to be justifiable, relative to the enormous climatic benefit of increasing the inorganic carbon sink of seawater by 21 %.
Rapid Landslide Risk Zoning toward Multi-Slope Units of the Neikuihui Tribe for Preliminary Disaster Management
Authors: Chung Chih-Chung , Li Zih-Yi
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Taiwan features steep terrain and a fragile geology environment accompanied by frequent earthquakes and typhoons annually. Meanwhile, with the booming economy and rapid population growth, activities are shifting from metropolises to the suburban and mountain areas in Taiwan. However, for example, the Neikuihui tribe in northern Taiwan evolves landslide disasters during extreme rainfall events. To rapidly examine landslide risk in the tribe area for preliminary disaster management, the well-known principle of Risk, which comprises Hazard, Exposure, and Vulnerability, was carefully adapted to examine 14 slope units around the Neikuihui tribe region. The framework of risk zoning is improved based on the previous quantified findings regarding the inventory of the deep-seated landslides in southern Taiwan. Moreover, the proposed procedures comprehensively involve the susceptibility, activity, exposure, and vulnerability of each slope unit. The analyses of the rapid risk zoning toward multi-slope units reveal that No.11 of slope units around the Neikuihui tribe has a relatively higher landslide risk level, and the No.11 slope unit indeed suffered landslide disaster during the typhoon event in 2016. This study preliminarily proves that the proposed framework and details of rapid risk zoning can help identify a relatively high-risk slope unit around a tribal region and address pre-countermeasures for disaster management.
Prevalence of Psychological Distress Among Quarantined People in Trivandrum District During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: S Prakash Sneha , Sabu Sneha , Raghavan Jayaprakash , Sujatha Chintha
Published: January 2022

Background: Quarantine is considered the most effective way to reduce the transmission of an infectious disease. The outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in 2020 led to many people being quarantined at various locations. The literature shows that people who undergo quarantine face psychological problems, such as depression, anxiety and stress. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of psychological issues among quarantined people during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Trivandrum, Kerala, India. Adults aged 18 years and above who underwent quarantine in the area of the Pangappara Medical Health Centre were included. A semi-structured questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 were administered to those who had given their informed consent. Quantitative variables were summarized using mean, standard deviation, and categorical variables with proportions. Significance of association was tested using the chi-square tests.
Results: There were 143 participants included in the study. It was found that 23.8% had depressive symptoms, 14% had anxiety symptoms and 16.8% had significant stress. People from the age group of 26-40 years (p = 0.017), people from the higher educated group (p = 0.010) and non-resident Keralites (Keralites who were residing elsewhere and returned to Kerala during the pandemic) (p = 0.041) had the highest prevalence of depressive symptoms.
Conclusion: People who undergo quarantine face many psychological issues. The health care system should provide adequate psychosocial support to quarantined people suffering from psychological problems. Health care workers should undergo appropriate training to provide these supports.
Teachers’ View on Online Classes during COVID-19 Lockdown – A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Thomas Andrew , Shenoy Mohan T. , Shenoy Kotacherry T. , Suresh Kumar Sruthi , Sidheeque Aboobakker , Khovidh C. , Parameshwaran Pillai Jayakumar , Pillai Pramod Murukan , Serin CH Shana , Mathew Anna , Zakkir Twinkle , Dileep Sreelakshmi , Mekha Victory , Raju Sony , Junaid K. Mohammed , P. Sivendu
Published: January 2022

Background: Online classes have been started in many colleges amidst the COVID-19 lock-down. Our study aimed to evaluate the opinions of medical teachers who conducted online classes and to determine their views on the viability of these classes in a post-COVID-19 era.
Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study using an online survey. Teachers working in medical colleges who conducted online classes during COVID-19 lockdown were included. Questionnaires were shared in the WhatsApp groups of the medical teachers belonging to the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, India. Sampling was consecutive and convenient.
Results: Respondents were 101 teachers among which 89 were included in the analysis. The majority of the teachers gave classes after intense preparation.  The participants felt that the quality of their work would have been better with enhanced Information Technology (IT) infrastructure.  One of the major reasons for favoring online classes was the opportunity it gave them to access the content later (56.2%, n=50). More than half 63% (n=56) of the teachers faced network issues and felt discouraged by lack of interaction. 36% (n=32) of the teachers opined that online classes were very poor, compared with regular classes.  However, 49.4% (n=44) favored the continuation of online classes after the COVID-19 lockdown.
Conclusion: Despite experiencing problems, most participants in our survey wanted to continue online classes in the future. The participants felt that the classes were less interactive and educational institutions should improve their IT infrastructure to address the increasing need for online education.
Agricultural land-use systems and climate change among small Farmers in nigeria
Authors:   Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Nigeria, Apata T , N’Guessan G ,   Jean Lorougnon Guédé University, Ayantoye K ,   Kwara State University, Idowu O ,   Federal University Oye-Ekiti
Published: January 2022

In sub-Saharan-Africa (SSA), agriculture land-use supports the livelihoods of the majority of people. Land- use for agricultural-activity is an economic-activity that is highly dependent upon weather and climate that produce food and fibre necessary to sustain human life. Hence, land-use for agriculture is expected to be vulnerable to climate variability. This paper examines this relationship. The paper presents data and generated evidence-based decision making under risk and uncertainty as influenced by climate change and its effects on agricultural land-use/outputs. Farm-level cost-route survey of cross-sectional national-data of 800 respondents was used for analysis. Data were analyzed and presented using the tools of descriptive statistics, trans-logarithms model and multivariate probit model (MVP). The study indicated a strong relationship between efficient use of agricultural-land and adaptive-processes to climate-change. Thus, providing data and analysis that strengthen policy decisions on land-use and climate change. Hence, policies of promoting and motivating sustainable land-use management need to be entrenched.
Teaching about decision trees for classification problems
Authors:   Ludwigsburg University of Education, Engel Joachim , Erickson Tim ,   Epistemological Engineering, Martignon Laura ,   Ludwigsburg University of Education
Published: January 2022

In times of big data tree-based algorithms are an important method of machine learning which supports decision making, e.g., in medicine, finance, public policy and many more. Trees are a versatile method to represent decision processes that mirror human decision-making more closely than sophisticated traditional statistical methods like multivariate regression or neural networks. We introduce and illustrate the tool ARBOR, a digital learning tool which is a plug-in to the freely available data science education software CODAP. It is designed to critically appreciate and explore the steps of automatically generated decision trees.
Design of a teaching unit to develop primary school students ́ reasoning about uncertainty in multi-step chance experiments
Authors:   University of Paderborn, Frischemeier Daniel , Biehler Rolf ,   University of Paderborn
Published: January 2022

Statistical reasoning and the confrontation with first ideas of uncertainty can already be enhanced in primary school. A challenge is how to relate theoretical-combinatorial aspects to empirical frequency aspects, given that fraction concepts are usually not available at primary school. In the frame of a Design Based Research approach we have designed and realized a teaching sequence consisting of seven lessons to develop statistical reasoning about uncertainty of grade 4 students (age 10-11). To supervise their learning processes we collected data on different levels: (a) written pre/post-tests, (b) working notes after each lesson and (c) interviews after the teaching unit. In this paper we will mainly present the design of teaching unit and first results from the analysis of pre- and posttests.
Statistics beliefs of advanced social science students – a qualitative evaluation of focus groups
Authors:   University of Goettingen, Berens Florian
Published: January 2022

Unlike mathematics education, statistics education has given little attention to students’ beliefs. In comparison it is possible that statistics may open up another domain-specific horizon of possible beliefs. However, there is no explicit theory about beliefs on statistics. In order to gain insight into students' beliefs about statistics, focus groups of advanced social science students were conducted. The focus groups were analyzed by content analysis and then partly by hermeneutics in order to identify types of beliefs. As a result well-known belief systems from mathematics can also be found in statistics. There are students who view statistics as a system of terms and rules, and there are also students who understand statistics dynamically. The last group can be subdivided into those that extract information out of data and those that want to check theory using data. A fourth group sees statistics as a form of systematic description of reality.
Making sense of categorical data – question confusion
Authors:   The University of Auckland, Budgett Stephanie , Puloka Malia ,   The University of Auckland
Published: January 2022

When students encounter categorical data, lessons often focus on computing probabilities from two- way tables. These computations may involve simple, joint, and conditional probabilities, and the calculation of relative risk. However, little attention has been given to the questions posed. The purpose of this paper is to explore the questions that undergraduate students pose of categorical data, and their reasoning with a variety of representations of categorical data. Results from a small pilot study suggest that when the questions posed involved making comparisons, students were often confused as to whether they should compare proportions between conditions, or compare proportions within a condition.
Perspectives on foundation statistics: some examples from prospective secondary mathematics teachers
Authors:   University of Witwatersrand, Ekol George
Published: January 2022

The qualitative case-study reported in this paper is framed by the ‘big’ ideas in introductory statistics, which emphasise statistical thinking, reasoning and literacy. We analysed secondary qualitative data from prospective secondary mathematics teachers’ statements, based on six themes in statistics: the influence of secondary-school experience and the teacher; difficult topics; avoidance of statistics; lack of coverage; teacher knowledge; reasons associated with the difficulty of statistics; and the contributions associated with school practice. We used five elements of the foundations of statistical thinking to enable us to analyse the prospective teachers’ statements from each of the six themes. Data analysis suggests that representing data to enable a clear understanding of statistical concepts emerged more frequently in the pre-service teachers’ statements than the other five foundation elements. The consideration of variability emerged the least number of times. Implications for statistics education are discussed.
Capacity building through project based learning in Bayesian statistics
Authors:   De La Salle University, Ocampo Shirlee , Ocampo Bladimir ,   Centro Escolar Las Pinas, Westfield Science Oriented School
Published: January 2022

Outcome-based education requires statistics education in the 21st century to be structured holistically by allowing the students to work with real life data along with visualization, computation, and learning outputs. The new K-12 curriculum resulted to a chain reaction in the Statistics undergraduate program by including alternative statistical frameworks such as Bayesian statistics. This paper focuses on project-based learning approach on designing learning outputs for undergraduate and graduate students in Bayesian statistics. The stages of project-based learning in completing these Bayesian learning outputs have helped in building the capacities of the students to understand the essential concepts in Bayesian inference and do computations using software. Some of the learning outputs are cited. Insights are helpful in making the syllabus of Bayesian Statistics and Inference of undergraduate Statistics program. Project based learning incapacitates the students to do Statistics research in an organized manner and make decisions based on data.
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ И ФИНАНСОВЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ БАНКОВСКОГО СЕКТОРА АРМЕНИИ ПОСЛЕ COVID-19 И ТРЕТЬЕЙ КАРАБАХСКОЙ ВОЙНЫ
Authors: SEDRAKYAN MARINA
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the article is to put forward and justify that the pandemics of Covid-19 and the third Karabakh war influenced the economy of Armenia and especially the banking system. The article aims to go deeper into the analysis of the banking system with concentration on the main performance evaluation indicators. Our task is to reveal and express in monetary terms the influence of the war and the pandemics on the performance of banking system. In the course of study, scientific and (analysis, calculations) and parametric (VaR calculation parametric method) methods were used. Based on the study it should be concluded that, as a result of the war, the depreciation doubled, and in a quarterly breakdown, the total net profit of the banking sector for the 4th quarter decreased by 9 times compared to the 3rd quarter, while the return on equity fell from 7.9% to 0.8%. Accordingly, the exposure to market risk has also increased, which is reflected in the Value-at-Risk index of the General Market Index. After the war, the 1% VaR GMI increased by 0.5 percentage points, and the 5% VaR increased by 0.6 percentage points.
Mobilidade Urbana Sustentável para Cidades Inteligentes
Authors: Lima Lucas Vitor Andrade , Fontgalland Isabel Lausanne
Published: January 2022

Os modais de transportes de alta qualidade são eficazes, agregando dinamismo na economia em cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis, contribuindo para transformações na estrutura econômica produtiva. Portanto, existe consenso sobre a impossibilidade de que uma sociedade consiga atingir grandes níveis de desenvolvimento econômico sem adoção de um sistema de transporte eficiente, uma vez que a evolução da economia traz consigo a necessidade de que a infraestrutura seja ampliada, especialmente a que se refere à mobilidade urbana. Se o Código de Trânsito Brasileiro (Lei Nacional 9.503/1997) contém disposições normativas importantes e que devem ser levadas em consideração na elaboração da política de mobilidade urbana, fica evidente que este é um ponto de desenvolvimento socioeconômico sustentável. Em 3 de janeiro de 2012 foi editada a Lei de Diretrizes da Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana (Lei 12.587/2012), que observou que os Planos Locais de Mobilidade Urbana devem compor a economia do desenvolvimento comportamental, precisando por sua vez está calcado em planejamentos sólidos, que visem melhorar constantemente às condições de mobilidade nos espaços urbanos. Isto evidencia que a baixa qualidade e utilidade dos sistemas de mobilidade urbana, atualmente disponíveis em grandes cidades brasileiras, ainda que elas sejam os principais pontos de investimentos sustentáveis de diversos setores econômicos, devem ser vislumbradas em todas regiões do país, pois levaria condições de acessibilidade e equidade. Este trabalho propõe um conhecimento de pesquisa social em sua metodologia, através da interpretação pelo método documental em pesquisa.
Picazo Zappino, Julia (2017). El suicidio actual [Current suicide]. Madrid: Editorial EOS. 256 pp. ISBN-13: 978-8497277013
Authors: Castillo Patton Andy Eric
Published: January 2022

Reseña de la obra de Picazo Zappino, Julia (2017). El suicidio actual [Current suicide]. Madrid: Editorial EOS. 256 pp. ISBN-13: 978-8497277013
El trabajo social en la lucha contra la COVID-19. Las labores en el rastreo de contactos y el refuerzo al sistema sanitario.
Authors: Calleja Jiménez José Pablo
Published: January 2022

En este artículo se recoge la experiencia de profesionales de Trabajo Social en el rastreo de los contactos de casos COVID-19. En la primera parte, se explica brevemente cómo la pandemia ha sometido a una gran tensión al sistema sanitario haciendo conveniente que otras profesiones sumen esfuerzos ante este desafío. Dentro de estas profesiones, el Trabajo Social ocupa ya un espacio en la atención sanitaria y ha acumulado experiencia en el control de enfermedades infecciosas. A continuación, se incluyen los resultados de un cuestionario aplicado a una muestra de 108 profesionales de Trabajo Social que han estado haciendo el rastreo de contactos de casos positivos en COVID-19 para el Servicio Público de Salud del Principado de Asturias. En esta parte empírica, destacan los resultados ofrecidos en cuanto a las competencias necesarias para esta tarea y las circunstancias personales y de convivencia detectadas que influyen en la prevención del contagio. Finalmente, se incluyen una serie de recomendaciones y propuestas que abogan por la interdisciplinariedad y por añadir la intervención social al abordaje sanitario de la pandemia para hacer más efectivo el control epidemiológico.
Current Trends in Second Language Assessment
Authors: Joo Soo Hyoung
Published: January 2022

The field of second language (L2) assessment has continued to evolve since the 1960s, broadening the scope of inquiry and adopting more sophisticated research methods (Chen, 2011; Kunnan, 2014). Technological innovations have allowed wider application of tools for assessment design, development, and analysis (Purpura & Banerjee, 2021). In addition to the quantitative methods, the qualitative methods have also been widely adopted, providing more meaningful information not only about the test takers’ L2 proficiency but also the role assessment played on teaching and learning.
Gondwana-derived units in Ograzhden and Belasitsa Mountains, Serbo-Macedonian Massif (SW Bulgaria): combined geochemical, petrological and U-Pb zircon-xenotime age constraints
Authors: Peytcheva Irena , Macheva Lubomira , von Quadt Albrecht , Zidarov Nikola
Published: January 2022

The present study provides data on the high-grade metamorphic basement of the Serbo-Macedonian Massif (SMM) that is exposed in Ograzhden and Belasitsa Mountains, SW Bulgaria. We combined the conventional ID-TIMS with the in-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating and compiled them with petrological and geochemical studies to better constrain the age and origin of the protoliths and the grade of metamorphic overprint. The orthogneisses are dated in the range of 450–455 Ma, except for the Kolarovo metagranites, which define two clusters of age data at 554.8 ± 3.3 Ma and 510.2 ± 3.5 Ma. We assume sedimentary origin for the plagiogneisses that show zircon population and age distribution similar to the gneiss-schists: main peak at ~600 Ma and minor populations at 700–800 Ma, 1000–1100 Ma and 2400 Ma. The amphibolites yield the youngest precursor ages of 435–440 Ma. The whole succession of rocks is metamorphosed to upper amphibolite facies conditions, with peak temperatures (Tmax) between 675–710 °C in Ograzhden Mountain and at ~650 °C in Belasitsa Mountain. Pressure estimates (Pmin) range from 6–8 kbar to 12–13 kbar, based on 3T phengite relics and application of different calibrations of phengite barometer. However, higher pressures cannot be excluded due to evidence from the eclogitic metabasites. The metamorphism has been dated in zircon rims of metasediments, vein rocks and amphibolites, as well as in xenotime of newly formed leucosome, at ~330 Ma. The wide range of primary rocks, their major- and trace-element chemistry and Sr-Nd isotope signature, combined with the age data of zircon populations, give evidence for an old crustal fragment with Gondwana affinity that was rejuvenated in the Ordovician–Silurian, before the collision and metamorphic overprint during the Variscan orogeny.