bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Physical-Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Kaolin-Bentonite Mixture for Application in Compacted Liner Systems
Authors: Eyo Eyo , Abbey Samuel , Oti Jonathan , Ng’ambi Samson , Ganjian Eshmaiel , Coakley Eoin
Published: February 2021

Treated bentonite-rich soils used as liner materials in landfills may provide an effective solution to the problems of increased void ratios upon swelling at reduced suction as well as desiccation cracking when suction is increased during desaturation. Accordingly, this study provides an understanding of the evolution of void ratio of the mixed materials during swelling at three different suction levels upon saturation as well as the soil water retention (SWR) during desaturation. For the treatment process, low quantity of cement binder whose production leverages raw material resources with efficient dry-process kilns and the benefit of lower energy consumption were used. Results indicated increased mixed soils’ strength irrespective of increased fines content due to thixotropy. The mixed soils exhibited almost equal values of void ratios at different hydration stages, suggesting that slightly reduced expansion mostly affects the subsequent phases of moisture ingress at full saturation compared to the natural soils. Lower values of void ratio obtained at full saturation also suggests possible reduced infiltration of water into landfills. The observed increased moisture retention within the osmotic suction zone and a decrease in the same as the fines content increased in the mixed soils can aid contaminant encapsulation while also reducing desiccation cracking. The findings of this research are intended to serve as a benchmark for further studies using other sustainable materials for treatment of mixed soils.
The Feasibility of Renewable Natural Gas in New Jersey
Authors: Dyer Anneliese , Miller Amelia Christine , Chandra Brianna , Maza Juan Galindo , Tran Carley , Bates Justin , Olivier Vicky , Tuininga Amy R.
Published: February 2021

With traditional natural gas being one of the top options for heating in the United States and the present threat of climate change, there is a demand for an alternative clean fuel source. A Renewable Natural Gas Implementation Decision-Making Conceptual Model was created to provide a framework for considering the feasibility of renewable natural gas (RNG) projects and applied to New Jersey, specifically investigating landfills and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Data from the US EPA’s Landfill Methane Outreach Program and New Jersey’s Department of Environmental Protection Sewage Sludge databases were used to identify seven landfills and 22 WWTPs as possible locations for RNG projects. Landfills were found to have a higher potential for producing RNG, on average potentially producing enough RNG to heat 12,792 homes per year versus 1227 for the average WWTP. Additionally, landfills, while having higher capital expenses, have lower projected payback periods, averaging 5.19 years compared to WWTP’s 11.78 years. WWTPs, however, generally are located closer to existing natural gas pipelines than landfills and when they produce more than 362 million standard cubic feet per year (MMSCFY) of biogas are financially feasible. RNG projects at Monmouth County Reclamation Center, Ocean County Landfill, and Passaic Valley Sewerage Commission WWTP show the greatest potential. Greenhouse gas emission reductions from RNG projects at these facilities utilizing all available biogas would be 1.628 million metric tons CO2 equivalents per year, synonymous to removing over 351,000 passenger vehicles from the road each year. In addition, expanding federal and state incentives to encompass RNG as a heating fuel is necessary to reduce financial barriers to RNG projects throughout the US. Overall, this paper supports the hypothesized conceptual model in examining the feasibility of RNG projects through examples from New Jersey and confirms the potential for RNG production utilizing existing waste streams.
Motivation and Reuse: How Does Motivation Affect Sustainable Use Intention for Brand Webtoons?
Authors: Kim Yunju , Lee Heejun
Published: February 2021

This study explores consumers’ motivations for sustainable consumption in the context of branded content marketing. By focusing on brand webtoons, which are one of the most commonly used formats of branded content, this study investigates the link between consumers’ motivations for using brand webtoons and their continuous use intentions. The identified use motives are entertaining information, social conformity, and convenience, and among these three dimensions, entertaining information influences attitude towards brand webtoons and need for self-expression most strongly. Consumers’ need for self-expression is found to be a potential predictor of sustainable intention to consume brand webtoons via the mediating role of attitude towards the webtoons. The findings from this study fill the literature gap in the context of content marketing by exploring motives for and consequences of consuming brand webtoons, which may, in turn, help in encouraging and reinforcing sustainable use intention for branded content. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions Infiltration
Authors: Wang Yu-Ping , Wang Zhe , Zhao Yu , Yi Fa-Cheng , Zhu Bao-Long
Published: February 2021

In China, Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite is recognized as a barrier material for isolating nuclear waste. Different chemical solutions may change the hydraulic conductivity and swelling capacity of bentonite. Consequently, a series of swelling pressure and permeability experiments was carried out on bentonite-sand mixtures with various dry densities and infiltrating solutions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were carried out on the samples experiencing the tests to identify the influence of chemistry pore solutions upon the mineralogical and microstructure changes. The results show that the swelling pressure experienced rapid swelling, slow expansion, and the stable expansion stage for the specimens of infiltrating solutions except for NaOH. For the specimens infiltrated with NaOH solutions, the swelling pressure experienced rapid increases, slow decreases, and a stable development stage. With hyper-alkaline and hyper-salinity infiltration, the swelling pressure decreased, and the permeability increased. In addition, swelling pressure attained stability more quickly on contact with hyper-alkaline and hyper-salinity solutions. Comparing the test results, the results indicate that the influence of NaOH on the expansion and permeability was higher than NaCl-Na2SO4 at the same concentration.
Understanding the U.S. Bioeconomy: A New Definition and Landscape
Authors: Frisvold George B. , Moss Steven M. , Hodgson Andrea , Maxon Mary E.
Published: February 2021

This article provides an overview of the U.S. bioeconomy, discussing how its definition has evolved and been formalized over time. The first attempts to conceptualize and define the U.S. bioeconomy began in the early 1990s. This was followed by a series of government and private efforts to develop methods to understand and evaluate it and to develop programs to promote it. These efforts culminated in the 2020 release of the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), Safeguarding the Bioeconomy report. The report recommended a formal definition of the U.S. bioeconomy, providing the rationale for that particular definition in the U.S. context. Formally adopting a comprehensive definition of the U.S. bioeconomy would enable the U.S. government to better assess the bioeconomy’s current state, to develop strategies to support its growth, and to promote strategies to safeguard it. Along with this recommendation, the NASEM Safeguarding report also discussed defining the “bioeconomy landscape,” which involves more precise determination and quantification of which economic activities are part of and external to the U.S. economy. Defining this landscape could guide metric development and data collection needed to track the bioeconomy’s growth, conduct economic assessments, and enable policy makers to keep abreast of advances that could potentially pose new national or economic security challenges. The report also includes an analysis of the broad range national bioeconomy strategies, identification of the four drivers of the U.S. bioeconomy, and the first of its kind, comprehensive estimate of the size and scope of the U.S. bioeconomy of USD 959B (valued in 2016 constant USD ).
Life-Cycle-Based Greenhouse Gas, Energy, and Economic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Management Using System Dynamics Model
Authors: Lu Duan , Iqbal Asad , Zan Feixiang , Liu Xiaoming , Chen Guanghao
Published: February 2021

Sustainable municipal solid waste (MSW) management is a critical issue that requires planning in accordance with population growth, urbanization, and living standards. An evaluation that integrates system dynamics (SD) is newly built for identifying the interactions between social activities to predict future MSW generation. In this study, SD-based greenhouse gas (GHG), energy, and economic evaluations were conducted for MSW management in the Southern Tai Lake Watershed (STWL) area in China. The considered SD factors include the gross domestic product (GDP) growth, total population, population growth, MSW generation per capita, and MSW generation charges. The results indicate that the current MSW strategy (S1) does not perform well in GHG, energy, and cost evaluation, and the current landfill capacity will be depleted in 2022. Co-processing the landfilled waste with fresh MSW in incineration plants (S7) is the most favorable strategy, which indicates the current landfill capacity will be sufficient for the ash generated from incineration over the next decade. S7 also emits 1.5–3 times less GHG, recovers 2–3.2 times more energy, and obtains 1.3–2.0 times more economic benefits than S1 during 2020–2030. This study offers valuable insights regarding the dynamics of MSW generation and an approach to determine an optimal MSW management strategy for the future.
Experimental Study of a New Pneumatic Actuating System Using Exhaust Recycling
Authors: Yu Qihui , Zhai Jianwei , Wang Qiancheng , Zhang Xuxiao , Tan Xin
Published: February 2021

Pneumatic actuating systems are an important power system in industrial applications. Due to exhaust loss, however, pneumatic actuating systems have suffered from a low utilization of compressed air. To recycle the exhaust energy, a novel pneumatic circuit was proposed to realize energy savings through recycling exhaust energy. The circuit consisted of three two-position three-way switch valves, which were used to control the exhaust flows into a gas tank or the ambient environment. This paper introduced the energy recovery configuration and working principles and built a mathematical model of its working process. Then, the mathematical model was verified by experiments. Finally, through experiments in which the air supply pressure, the critical pressure and the volume of the gas tank were regulated, the energy recovery characteristics of the pneumatic actuating system were obtained. Using the new circuit, the experimental results showed that the energy recovery efficiency exceeded 23%. When the air supply pressure was set to 5 bar, 6 bar, and 7 bar, the time required for pneumatic actuation to complete the three working cycles were 5.2 s, 5.3 s, and 5.9 s, respectively. When the critical pressure was set to 0 bar, 0.5 bar, 1 bar, and 1.5 bar, the times for pneumatic actuation to complete the three working cycles were 4.9 s, 5.1 s, 5.2 s, and 5.3 s, respectively. When the volume of the gas tank was set to 2 L, 3 L, 4 L, and 5 L, the number of working cycles was 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. This paper provides a new method of cylinder exhaust recycling and lays a good foundation for pneumatic energy savings.
Mycotoxins—Biomonitoring and Human Exposure
Authors: Habschied Kristina , Kanižai Šarić Gabriella , Krstanović Vinko , Mastanjević Krešimir
Published: February 2021

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that commonly have a toxic effect on human and animal health. Different foodstuff can be contaminated and are considered the major source of human exposure to mycotoxins, but occupational and environmental exposure can also significantly contribute to this problem. This review aims to provide a short overview of the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and regulated mycotoxins in foods and workplaces, following the current literature and data presented in scientific papers. Biomonitoring of mycotoxins in plasma, serum, urine, and blood samples has become a common method for determining the exposure to different mycotoxins. Novel techniques are more and more precise and accurate and are aiming toward the simultaneous determination of multiple mycotoxins in one analysis. Application of liquid chromatography (LC) methodologies, coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has become a common and most reliable method for determining the exposure to mycotoxins. Numerous references confirm the importance of mycotoxin biomonitoring to assess the exposure for humans and animals. The objectives of this paper were to review the general approaches to biomonitoring of different mycotoxins and the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins, using recent literature sources.
The Curious Case of the “Neurotoxic Skink”: Scientific Literature Points to the Absence of Venom in Scincidae
Authors: Sunagar Kartik , Abraham Siju V
Published: February 2021

In contrast to the clearly documented evolution of venom in many animal lineages, the origin of reptilian venom is highly debated. Historically, venom has been theorised to have evolved independently in snakes and lizards. However, some of the recent works have argued for the common origin of venom in “Toxicofera” reptiles, which include the order Serpentes (all snakes), and Anguimorpha and Iguania lizards. Nevertheless, in both these contrasting hypotheses, the lizards of the family Scincidae are considered to be harmless and devoid of toxic venoms. Interestingly, an unusual clinical case claiming neurotoxic envenoming by a scincid lizard was recently reported in Southern India. Considering its potentially significant medicolegal, conservation and evolutionary implications, we have summarised the scientific evidence that questions the validity of this clinical report. We argue that the symptoms documented in the patient are likely to have resulted from krait envenomation, which is far too frequent in these regions.
Anti-SU Antibody Responses in Client-Owned Cats Following Vaccination against Feline Leukaemia Virus with Two Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccines (Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K and Fel-O-Vax® 5)
Authors: Westman Mark , Norris Jacqueline , Malik Richard , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina , Parr Yasmin A. , Armstrong Emma , McDonald Mike , Hall Evelyn , Sheehy Paul , Hosie Margaret J.
Published: February 2021

A field study undertaken in Australia compared the antibody responses induced in client-owned cats that had been vaccinated using two inactivated whole feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccines, the monovalent vaccine Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K and the polyvalent vaccine Fel-O-Vax® 5. Serum samples from 428 FeLV-uninfected cats (118 FeLV-vaccinated and 310 FeLV-unvaccinated) were tested for anti-FeLV neutralising antibodies (NAb) using a live virus neutralisation assay to identify 378 FeLV-unexposed (NAb-negative) and 50 FeLV-exposed (NAb-positive; abortive infections) cats, following by anti-surface unit (SU) FeLV-A and FeLV-B antibody ELISA testing. An additional 42 FeLV-infected cats (28 presumptively regressively infected, 14 presumptively progressively infected) were also tested for anti-SU antibodies. NAb-positive cats displayed significantly higher anti-SU antibody ELISA responses compared to NAb-negative cats (p < 0.001). FeLV-unexposed cats (NAb-negative) that had been vaccinated less than 18 months after a previous FeLV vaccination using the monovalent vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K) displayed higher anti-SU antibody ELISA responses than a comparable group vaccinated with the polyvalent vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® 5) (p < 0.001 for both anti-FeLV-A and FeLV-B SU antibody responses). This difference in anti-SU antibody responses between cats vaccinated with the monovalent or polyvalent vaccine, however, was not observed in cats that had been naturally exposed to FeLV (NAb-positive) (p = 0.33). It was postulated that vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® 5 primed the humoral response prior to FeLV exposure, such that antibody production increased when the animal was challenged, while vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K induced an immediate preparatory antibody response that did not quantitatively increase after FeLV exposure. These results raise questions about the comparable vaccine efficacy of the different FeLV vaccine formulations and correlates of protection.
SISTEMA SILAR PARA EL CRECIMIENTO DE PELÍCULAS SEMICONDUCTORAS CON DIFERENTES APLICACIONES
Authors: Garzón-Ramos David Alfredo , Martínez Alfredo , Rico Daniel , Guzmán-Embús Diego Alonso , Vargas-Hernández Carlos
Published: February 2021

Se diseñó e implementó un sistema electromecánico controlado por teclado que permite controlar los pará-metros de crecimiento de películas semiconductoras tales como ZnO y ZnSe sobre substratos de vidrio. Los parámetros que se pueden controlar vía teclado son tiempo y secuencia de inmersión en las soluciones, ade-más del número de ciclos. El Sistema SILAR es autónomo, versátil y cuenta con medidas de control como la temperatura. Se han empleado microcontroladores que se adaptan al sistema electromecánico y motores paso a paso que ubican los portamuestras en las soluciones respectivas, la información de los parámetros de control es visualizada en un display. Los resultados obtenidos en los crecimientos de las películas semiconductoras indican que el sistema SILAR automatizado posee un alto desempeño que permite obtener muestras homogéneas con espesores que son controlados por medio del número de ciclos. Este sistema permite reducir los costos, el tiempo y obtener un mejor control sobre los parámetros empleados en diferentes aplicaciones.
DETECCIÓN DE FATIGA AL CONDUCIR UTILIZANDO TÉCNICAS DE VISIÓN POR COMPUTADOR
Authors: Jaramillo I Alejandro , Padilla B José Bestier , Arango Ramiro
Published: February 2021

La fatiga al conducir es uno de las principales causas de accidentes de tránsito. Los sistemas de detección de fatiga basados en visión por computador tienen gran potencial dada su característica de no-invasividad. Los principales desafíos que se presentan son los movimientos rápidos de ojos y boca, cambios de pose y variacio-nes de iluminación. En este trabajo se entrena un Modelo de Forma Activa para la detección de características faciales extraídas del modelo paramétrico Candide-3. Se describe la metodología de caracterización a partir del modelo paramétrico. Se evalúan de forma cuantitativa la exactitud en: la detección de características y la estimación de los parámetros asociados a la fatiga; analizando su robustez a variaciones de pose y variaciones locales de las regiones de interés. El modelo utilizado y la metodología de caracterización mostraron eficiencia para detectar la fatiga en el 100% de los casos evaluados.
ANALISIS KINERJA KARYAWAN STUDI KASUS PT. REYCOM DOKUMEN SOLUSI
Authors: Hakim Mujibul
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe the performance of employees who are at PT. Reycom Document Solutions, employee performance is still relatively low supported by research results. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, the subjects of this study are employees of PT. Reycom Document Solutions. Data collection is done by observation, interview and survey techniques. The validity of the data is done by triangulation of techniques and sources. Data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis techniques. The results of this study show good performance because it is influenced by several factors. The influencing factors are external factors, compensation and motivation for employee performance. Managerial implications of this research are HR Placement, work discipline, production targets, job satisfaction, motivation, compensation, management systems, bonuses / incentives, health benefits, family benefits, pensions, transportation and office facilities that have not been able to improve employee performance. Managerial should conduct an evaluation to improve employee performance at PT. Reycom Document Solutions.
PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA, KOMITMEN ORGANISASI DAN KETIDAKAMANAN KERJA TERHADAP INTENTION TO QUIT KARYAWAN
Authors: Fu'ad Eko Nur , Evendy Herry
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepuasan kerja, komitmen organisasi dan ketidakamanan kerja terhadap intention to quit karyawan pada PT. Linggarjati Mulia Abadi Ngabul. Populasi penelitian yaitu karyawan PT. Linggarjati Mulia Abadi sebanyak 145 orang dan diperoleh sampel 106 responden. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner, teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan metode analisis data menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda dengan SPSS for Windows versi 22.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan kerja berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap intention to quit karyawan, komitmen organisasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap intention to quit karyawan, dan ketidakamanan kerja tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap intention to quit karyawan.
PENGARUH BRAND IMAGE, HARGA DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MAHASISWA MEMILIH KULIAH DI POLITEKNIK LP3I MEDAN KAMPUS MEDAN BARU
Authors: Wulandari Sri Eka , Fauzi Amrin , Lubis Arlina Nurbaity
Published: February 2021

Brand image, price, facilities and interest were factors that made students decided to study at Politeknik LP3I Medan Kampus Medan Baru. The objectives of the study were to find out and analize the effect of brand image, price, facilities and interest toward students’ decision to study at Politeknik LP3I Medan Kampus Medan Baru through interest as intervening variable. The respondents were 225 students. Simple random sampling was used as sampling technique. The data were analyzed by using path analysis. The result displayed that brand image, facilities had positive effect and significant to toward students. On the otherhand, price had negative effect toward students. The interest had positive effect and significant toward students’ decision to study at Politeknik LP3I Medan Kampus Baru. Brand image, facilities had positive effect and significant toward students’ decision to study at Politeknik LP3I Medan Kampus Baru. On the otherhand, pice had negative toward students’ decision toward students’ decision to study at Politeknik LP3I Medan Kampus Baru.
PENYAJIAN DAN PENGUNGKAPAN DANA NON HALAL PADA LAPORAN KEUANGAN BAZNAS KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Sholihah Ria Anisatus
Published: February 2021

Organisasi Pengelola Zakat (OPZ) merupakan institusi yang memiliki fungsi untuk proses pengumpulan serta penyaluran zakat Penyusunan laporan keuangan OPZ berpedoman pada PSAK No. 109 tentang Akuntansi Zakat. Dalam melakukan kegiatan operasionalnya, BAZNAS Kota Yogyakarta memiliki transaksi dengan Lembaga Keuangan Konvensional, yaitu adanya pendapatan bunga bank dan bonus giro dari bank kovensional. Transaksi dengan bank konvensional tersebut menimbulkan adanya penerimaan atau pendapatan yang dapat dikategorikan sebagai dana non halal dan harus diungkapkan dalam laporan keuangan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dana non halal serta pengungkapan dan penyajian dana non halal pada laporan keuangan BAZNAS Kota Yogyakarta mulai tahun 2016-2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyajian dan pengungkapan dana non halal pada BAZNAS Kota Yogyakarta telah sesuai dengan PSAK 109. Penerimaan non halal yang berasal dari penerimaan bunga bank, jasa giro (bank konvensional), dan atau dana non syariah lainnya telah terpisah dari dana zakat, dana infak/sedekah dan dana amil. Penggunaan dana non halal perlu dipisahkan dari pengeluaran beban operasional BAZNAS Kota Yogyakarta dan harus disalurkan untuk kegiatan membantu pembangunan fasilitas umum.
Motivation as An Intervening Variables Influence Competency on the Performance of Cooperative Managers
Authors: Fu'ad Eko Nur , Aminnudin Moch.
Published: February 2021

Objective: This paper discussed the importance of competence and work motivation, and analysed the effect of these two variables on performance. Research Design & Methods: This research sought to understand more about the manager’s performance of microfinance institutions (cooperatives), so the selected sample was cooperative managers. The data collected from 88 questionnaires were analysed using PLS-SEM with SMART-PLS software. Findings: Competence has a significant effect on motivation and manager performance, motivation has a significant effect on performance, motivation as an intervening variable on the effect of competence on performance. Implications & Recommendations: Work motivation is a more influential factor than competence on performance, so the activity that must be done to improve performance is to improve work motivation. Subsequent research carried out in other industries or with a larger sample size for generalization purposes. Contribution & Value Added: The main contribution of this research is that to increase work motivation, it can be done by requiring employees to always improve their past performance for the better.
Ensino-aprendizagem de (noções) matemática(s) na educação infantil: um panorama de estudos recentes
Authors: Kresh Eduarda Furlani , Scheller Morgana
Published: February 2021

O estudo busca compreender o que versam os estudos brasileiros que tratam do ensino-aprendizagem de (noções) matemática(s) na Educação Infantil. Contribui para o conhecimento do que tem sido produzido sobre o tema, as implicações para a educação matemática e contribuições para o docente que atua nessa etapa escolar. Para isso realizou-se uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa utilizando os procedimentos do Mapeamento na Pesquisa Educacional. Os dados foram constituídos por meio de levantamento das produções nacionais recentes relativas ao tema em repositórios de acesso livre. Para a análise considerou-se como categorias estabelecidas a priori: a) o contexto; b) os objetivos; c) os procedimentos de constituição e análise de dados; d) as noções matemáticas exploradas e teorias de base; e) alfabetização/noções matemática e processos pedagógicos; f) os principais resultados e contribuições. Os resultados ampliam as discussões realizadas na área e, a partir deles, compreendeu-se que os estudos brasileiros recentes têm foco na criança e no professor, enfatizam principalmente o ensino de geometria e aritmética, a partir de uma base sociointeracionista e construtivista. Por fim, a formação docente polivalente é bastante discutida quando se refere às áreas do conhecimento específico, necessitando ainda de pesquisas referentes a formação inicial e continuada do pedagogo.
Varvara Karepina, née Dostoevskaya – sister and heroine of Fyodor Dostoevsky
Authors: Myakinchenko Mariya A.
Published: February 2021

The article discusses various aspects of the relationship between Fyodor Dostoevsky with his sister Varvara Karepina, née Dostoevskaya, and their reflection in the writer's work. Varvara Karepina served as the prototype for the writer's various characters. The author of the article dwells in detail on the image of Varvara Karepina, collected from her memoirs; the author states that the history of Varvara Karepina’s marriage and the image of her husband were also vividly reflected in the work of Fyodor Dostoevsky. The article provides some valuable comparisons of Varvara Karepina with Varvara Dobroselova and various other female images of Fyodor Dostoevsky's works, the conclusion is drawn that the use of the prototype’s all kinds of personality traits, sometimes opposite ones, when creating images of the heroes of the works, was a feature of the writer's creative method.
The geopolitics of the «Kirghiz steppe» in the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky: from the «zone of undeveloped wilderness» to the new Heartland
Authors: Mikhnovets Mariya V.
Published: February 2021

The article aims to explore the geopolitics of the Kirghiz steppe in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s sociopolitical works and novels. The paper is based on a collection of biographical, historical-cultural and historical-literary sources. When considering the representation of the geopolitical position of the Kirghiz steppe, several periods in the work of Dostoevsky have been distinguished. Initially, Dostoevsky considered the region to be a periphery of the Russian Empire, a so-called «zone of undeveloped wilderness» with «being on the frontier» as its defining characteristic. As the concept of a unified Orthodox-Slavic world developed in the writer's work, Dostoevsky’s idea of reorienting Russia's development from Europe towards a so-called «land zone» became more prominent. The shift corresponds to Sir Halford John Mackinder’s notion of land power in classical geopolitics. As a result, Dostoevsky recognises the significance of the Kirghiz steppe and its potential to become the new Heartland.
Improvement of the educational process in the Land Gentry Cadet Corps in the second half of the 18th century
Authors: Benda Vladimir N.
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the research is to analyse the experience of organising the educational process and daily life of the Land Gentry Cadet Corps of the Russian Empire. The article deals with the issues related to the definition of the role of Land Gentry Cadet Corps, which it played in the training of command personnel (officers and non-commissioned officers) for the Russian army and in the development of the military school of the Russian state during this period. Scientific novelty of the work lies in the approach to the study of the educational process in the cadet corps from the point of view of accounting and use of their experience to being in connection with the revival and development of specialised aircraft, artillery and other military schools in modern Russia. Based on the studied archival and other sources, the author focuses on the role of heads of military educational institutions in instilling high moral qualities and professional knowledge in cadets. Some previously unpublished archival sources are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Legal regulation of cooperation in Russia in 1917
Authors: Novikova Yuliya O.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the features of the normative legal regulation of cooperation in 1917. New provisions regulating the activities of cooperative associations, that were fundamentally different from the norms of the cooperative legislation of the tsarist government, are defined. The author highlights the ideological foundations of the cooperative policy of the Provisional government, which influenced the formation of the main provisions of the cooperative legislation in 1917. Key features of the cooperative legislation of 1917 stand out: the determination of the legal status of cooperative companies for the first time a legislator was fixed definition of the concept of "cooperative partnership"; an accomplished fact of registration of a legal entity, this provision was introduced by the legislator for the first time since before the 1917 registration of a legal entity was permissive. This provision greatly facilitated the creation of cooperative associations, which contributed to their rapid growth. Another feature was that minors were allowed to become a member of a cooperative partnership from the age of seventeen, but they were not allowed to be included in the control and management bodies. Cooperative societies were now considered not only as an institution that increased the material well-being of the population, but also as an institution for its spiritual development. Since 1917, there had been a rapid growth of Union associations of cooperative associations both in the provincial and all-Russia ones. This was also a consequence of the new cooperative legislation. It is concluded that the rules of law that completely re-built the cooperative network, defined the status of cooperative partnerships, gave a new impetus to the development of cooperation as a powerful social movement that can mobilize huge masses of the population.
The Gulf War (1990–1991) and new foreign political concept of George Herbert Walker Bush
Authors: Khristenko Dmitrii N.
Published: February 2021

The article examines the foreign policy concept of the «new world order» of George Herbert Walker Bush, which he put forward during the Gulf War (1990-1991). Despite its short duration, the Middle East conflict has become a symbol of the transformation of international relations initiated by the crisis of the bipolar system and arising of the United States as the main military and political world power. Consequently, Washington sought to rethink its role in the world arena. This task was intended to solve by the concept of a «new world order». The main sources for this article were the memoirs of the former American president and James Addison Baker III (U.S. Secretary of State), documents of White House’ administration, as well as publications of «Foreign Affairs» – the most influential journal on international relations in the United States. The research methodology includes the space-time analysis of Fernand Paul Achille Braudel, historical-descriptive and historical-genetic methods. It is noted that the foreign policy concept of a «new world order» was in the centre of public attention and caused a heated discussion in the United States, as a result of which was rejected its main element – reliance on allies and the rule of international law. The attempts of Russian diplomacy to propose a corrected interpretation of the concept of a «new world order» did not meet the understanding overseas. Washington took a course towards sole leadership in the world that triggered the deterioration of the state of affairs in the world arena in the long term.
An empirical analysis of the impact of working capital management on the firm performance in cement and ceramics industry of Pakistan- A panel approach
Authors: Bibi Rashida , Ahmad Fayaz , Aamir Muhammad
Published: February 2021

The real impact of Working Capital management is captured through its constituent policies such as Inventory, Receivable, and Payable managements. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of Working Capital management i.e. inventory turnover period, the cycle of cash conversion, accounts receivable and payable periods, on the firm performance of cement and ceramics industry of Pakistan. The target population of the current research work is the whole cement and ceramics industry of Pakistan. The fixed-effect model was used for empirical analysis and incorporated by using the Stata software. The model parameters were tested at 1% and 5% level of significance. The outcomes of the fixed-effect model indicated that the account receivable period (AR) in days, inventory turnover (IT) in days and cash conversion cycle (CC) has an inverse nexus with the firm value of cement and ceramics industry of Pakistan. However, the account payable period has a positive relationship with the profitability of the cement and ceramics industry of Pakistan.
التنظيم الدستوري والقانوني لحق مخاطبة السلطات العامة
Authors: يونس مها بهجت , جبار جمال ناصر
Published: February 2021

ان حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة عن طريق العرائض والشكاوى يعد احد الوسائل الفردية للمشاركة في الشؤون العامة المقررة للافراد، وذلك لما تتضمنه هذه العرائض من مسائل مهمة للفرد والمجتمع والسلطات العامة على حد سواء، كما ان حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة يمنح المواطن دورا ايجابيا ومهما في الحياة العامة لانه يتيح له الاتصال بالسلطات بشكل مباشر وتقديم مقترحاته وتظلماته، كما ان حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة يعد ضامنا حقيقيا للحقوق والحريات العامة وحمايتها من الانتهاك من قبل اي طرف بما يحقق المزيد من الاستقرار في المجتمع ويعزز روح المواطنة والانتماء بين افراده.

وبهذا الصدد نلاحظ ان العديد من الدساتير في مختلف دول العالم تؤكد على هذا الحق وتنص عليه في صلب الوثيقة الدستورية، اضافة الى تنظيمه بواسطة القوانين العادية المكملة للتنظيم الدستوري، وتمنح المواطنين حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة بشكل فردي او جماعي، وسواء تعلق موضوع العريضة بامور شخصية او عامة.

ويلقي البحث الضوء على ما هو موقف دستور جمهورية العراق لعام 2005، من حق مخاطبة السلطات العامة وهل يتضمن الدستور نصوصا يمكن ان تشكل اساسا دستوريا لممارسة هذا الحق؟ وهل ان تنظيم هذا الحق بواسطة القوانين العادية يكفل ممارسته من قبل الافراد وعدم فرض اي قيود تحد او تضيق من ذلك؟ وذلك بالمقارنة مع كل من الدستور الفرنسي لعام ١٩٥٨ المعدل والدستور اللبناني لعام ١٩٢٦ المعدل.
حق الرجوع على الشريك في المال الشائع في حالة الانتفاع والتصرف
Authors: عبدالرضا حسين عبدالله , صالح قتيبة مهدي
Published: February 2021

يعتبر موضوع حق الرجوع على الشريك في المال الشائع في حالة الانتفاع والتصرف من المواضيع المهمة في الحقوق العينية ، وتكمن اهميته من خلال تحديد النطاق الذي يسمح به القانون للشريك بماشرة السلطات التي يخولها اياه حق الملكية على حصته الشائعة ، اذ لا يسمح القانون بتجاوز هذا النطاق من قبل اي شريك لأنه يعد تعدي على حقوق الشركاء الاخرين ، ومن ثم ينشأ للشريك الاخر الحق في الرجوع على الشريك المتعدي.

  ومن خلال البحث موضوع الدراسة سوف يتبين لنا الحالات التي تشكل تعديا على حق الشريك الاخر ، ومن خلال هذه الحالات يكون للشريك مباشرة حقه في الرجوع على الشريك الذي انتفع او تصرف في المال الشائع متجاوزا النطاق الذي سمح به القانون.

  فالشريك الشائع اذا كان يسمح له القانون باستعمال حصته الشائعة واستغلالها والتصرف فيها، فأن ذلك يجب ان يكون في الحدود القانونية بمعنى ان تكون بمقدار الحصة الشائعة فاذا انتفع الشريك او تصرف بمقدار يزيد عن حصته الشائعة او بكل المال الشائع ، او تسبب من خلال مباشرة سلطته بالانتفاع او التصرف بضرر لحصص باقي الشركاء ، ففي مثل هذه الحالات يكون للشريك الاخر مباشرة حقه في الرجوع عليه عن هذا التجاوز او التسبب .
المطالبات في عقود الانشاءات (الفيديك)
Authors: عبد الصاحب علي مطشر , علي علي داود
Published: February 2021

تعد عقود الفيديك إنعكاسا واضحا للتطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والتقنية في اعمال البناء, والتي فرضت اتجاها دوليا لتوحيد القوانين نظرا لترابط وتوسع المصالح الدولية واجتياز انشطة شركات المقاولات الكبرى خارج حدود بلدانها, اذ نجد ان معظم القوانين الوطنية قامت باعتماد عقود الفيديك FIDIC والتي تم صياغتها من قبل الاتحاد الدولي للمهندسين الاستشاريين, واخرها كان عقد التشييد للمباني والاعمال الهندسية المصممة من قبل رب العمل والصادر عام 1999 والمعروف بالكتاب الاحمر الجديدNew Red Book, الذي جاء متميزا عن الاصدارات السابقة باعتماده التصميم الذي يقدمه رب العمل او مهندسة الاستشاري على ان يقوم المقاول بتشييد الاعمال وفقا لذلك التصميم بغض النظر عن نوعية الاعمال, فهو يصلح لاعمال الهندسة المدنية وكذلك الميكانيكية والكهربائية, هذا النموذج الذي اعتمده العراق مؤخرا ضمن الوثائق القياسية لعقود تنفيذ الاشغال العامة التي اصدرتها دائرة تنفيذ العقود الحكومية في وزارة التخطيط .

ان اصدار عقد الفيديك الجديد هذا قد ميز بين مفهوم المطالباتclaims  ومفهوم المنازعاتdisputes , اذ قرر لكل منهما احكاما وآثارا معينة لذا كان من الضروري ان نتعرض في هذا البحث الى التمييز بينهما. من ناحية اخرى نرى ان المطالبات في عقود المقاولات الانشائية قد اصبحت امرا مسلما به, اذ لا يخلو اي عمل انشائي من مطالبات يطالب بها المقاول ورب العمل بعضهم البعض, رغم ان الغالبية العظمى من المطالبات تكون للمقاول الذي قد يقدمها ضد رب العمل او ضد رب العمل والمهندس الاستشاري متضامنين , وقد يقدمها ضد المقاول من الباطن . لذلك فقد اصبحت تلك المطالبات من آثار عقد الانشاءات(الفيديك) نظرا لما تشكله من دور فاعل في اثارة النزاع بين المقاول ورب العمل, لذا فان هذا البحث سيبين تصنيف المطالبات واسبابها وكذلك تنظيمها مع بيان دور المهندس الاستشاري في فحص وتقرير واستلام الاشعارات الخاصة بالمطالبات وكذلك بيان كيفية تجنبها والاجراءات المتبعة في حل المطالبات
حجية البصمة الوراثية وسلطة المحكمة في الأخذ بها بالاثبات الجزائي (دراسة مقارنة)
Authors: سليمان نصر محمد
Published: February 2021

يَنصَبُ هذا البحث على حجية البصمة الوراثية في الإثبات الجزائي, ودورها في تكوين قناعة القاضي، كما ويعالج مشكلة أساسية على درجة كبيرة من الاهمية، وهي مدى إمكانية إستخدام البصمة الوراثية كبينة, أو كدليل قاطع في الإثبات الجزائي, وذلك في ظل العقبات العديدة التي تعترض طريق إستخدامها, ومن بينها إجبار المتهم على الخضوع لإجراء التحليل, ومدى المساس بحقه في خصوصيته الجينية وسلامة جسده, إذ إن الدستور والقانون كفلا حق الافراد  في حماية أنفسهم وخصوصياتهم.

ولذلك تم تقسيم هذه الورقة البحثية الى مبحثين إثنين تناول المبحث الأول البصمة الوراثية ومدى حجيتها في القضاء, اما المبحث الثاني فقد تناول سلطة المحكمة بالأخذ بالبصمة الوراثية في الإثبات الجزائي, ومن ثم في الخاتمة تم تضمين أهم نتائج البحث والتوصيات.
الخطر في عقد تأمين المشاريع النفطية
Authors: علي راقية عبد الجبار , محمد بشرى رضا
Published: February 2021

يعد الخطر المؤمن منه الصفة الملازمة للصناعة النفطية عن غيرها من الصناعات الأخرى . ويرجع السبب في ذلك إلى طبيعة المواد المتداولة فيها وقابليتها على الاشتعال السريع , و تعقيد عمليات التصنيع التي تتطلب توخي الحذر عند التعامل معها في جميع مراحلها بدءاً من مرحلة المنبع Up stream)) وهي مرحلة البحث و التنقيب ثم استخراج النفط وصولاً إلى مرحلة المصب وإرسال المنتج إلى المستهلك (down stream) .

   وتتميز تنفيذ المشاريع النفطية بارتفاع تكلفتها فتؤدي بالنتيجة إلى ارتفاع حجم الخسارة أذا تحقق الخطر و بالمقابل ارتفاع مبلغ التعويض . فيستلزم على الشركات الأجنبية المنفذة للمشاريع النفطية البحث عن وسائل حماية لرؤوس أموالها من خلال الحصول على تغطية تأمينية للأخطار المحتملة الوقوع وذلك لضمان التعويض عن الخسائر التي يمكن أن تتحقق نتيجة وقوع الحوادث.
أطراف عقد المقاولة الوارد على البرامج الخاصة للمعلومات
Authors: الساعدي جليل حسن , شنيشل حوراء كطان
Published: February 2021

تهدف هذه الدراسة الى معرفة مدى قدرة النظام القانوني العراقي على تنظيم العقود الخاصة بتصميم أو تطوير البرامج الخاصة للمعلومات بناءاً على طلب شخص معين, وذلك في ظل تميز البرامج الخاصة للمعلومات عن البرامج النموذجية للمعلومات, فالبرامج الأخيرة  تورد على أنها سلع بعكس الأولى فهي تورد طبقاً لأحكام عقد المقاولة, وهذا ما يؤدي الى صعوبات في تكييف العقد نظراً لتداخله مع عقدي البيع والإيجار, ونتيجة لذلك قسمنا بحثنا الى مبحثين خصصنا أولهما الى دراسة مفهوم عقد المقاولة الوارد على البرامج الخاصة للمعلومات والثاني لبحث أطراف عقد المقاولة الوارد على البرامج الخاصة للمعلومات.
المفهوم القانـــوني للاستحواذ
Authors: الموسوي علي فوزي , العامري اندلس حامد
Published: February 2021

يعد الاستحواذ أحد الأساليب التي تلجأ اليها الشركة لتوسيع نشاطها وسيطرتها مباشرة على الشركات الاخرى أو عبر شركات قابضة وسيطة أو قد يلجأ كبار المساهمين للحصول على حصص مؤثرة في الشركة ذاتها ,وقد أضفى نشاط الاستحواذ على الشركات أهمية خاصة لتميزها من باقي الشركات التجارية, وقد أدت التغييرات الأقتصادية  في العراق وحاجة البلد لرؤوس أموال أجنبية وخبرات متعددة ومتنوعة فضلا"عن الحاجة إلى تقنية معينة لزيادة القدرات التنافسية والمالية والكفاءة في الشركات إلى دفع الأقتصاد نحو الأنفتاح والسماح للشركات الأجنبية أسوة بالشركات الوطنية بممارسة نشاطها التجاري في العراق.

وأن المشرع العراقي أشار ضمنا" للاستحواذ في عدة نصوص في قانون الشركات العراقي رقم 21 لسنة 1997 المعدل,وورد في قانون سوق العراق المؤقت للاوراق المالية رقم 74 لسنة 2004 فتطرق للسيطرة على شؤون الشركة وقانون المصارف العراقي  رقم 94 لسنة 2004  إذ أشار إلى الشركة القابضة المصرفية وألاكتساب  بين المصارف.
الحد الادنى لراتب الموظف في التشريع العراقي
Authors: عبد القادر بان صلاح , صالح سجى كريم
Published: February 2021

يعد تحديد الحد الادنى للراتب من الضمانات المهمة التي يقرها المشرع في قوانين الخدمة المدنية والقوانين المتعلقة بها , في ضوء المعايير المعتمدة واهم الاعتبارات التي تدخل في تقرير هذا الحد بحيث يتناسب مع الوضع الاقتصادي العام ومراعاة تطوره من خلال اعادة النظر دوريا في زيادته بما يتلاءم مع تغير وضع الموظف ومركزه العام . لذا سوف يتم من خلال البحث بيان موقف المشرع العراقي من تقرير وتنظيم الحد الادنى لراتب الموظف في القطاع العام ومقارنته بموقف المشرع المصري واللبناني.
Di-vision
Authors: Jaria-Manzano Jordi
Published: February 2021

The current geological transition implies the necessity of a paradigm shift in dominant social practices to cope with an emerging unstable global socio-ecological complex, which is being shaped by comprehensive, irreversible and uncertain human agency. Along with sustainability, issues of justice are crucial in this context including climate justice, which addresses the most notorious phenomenon of the transition to the Anthropocene, i.e. climate change. Such a paradigm shift implies the need to go beyond established practices in research and exploring new narratives. This paper develops a possible narrative of the civilizational patterns that led to the human transformation of the planet, and shows the limits of business-as-usual responses to confronting the global crisis brought about by the geological transition, and consequently their limited ability to achieve sustainability and justice in the Anthropocene. The narrative deployed here highlights the centrality of a particular form of vision in Modernity and its contribution to the establishment of hierarchies through the di-vision between the in-di-vidual and the external world, i.e. nature, which is untenable in the Anthropocene.
Ahorro económico, eficiencia energética y proyección inferencial. Análisis de series de tiempo en celdas fotovoltaicas
Authors: Ramos-Sánchez Jesús Ricardo
Published: February 2021

This literature work includes the phenomenon of the socioeconomic situation of the residents of Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico, who have solar panels as a savings mechanism for their homes and as a tool that contributes to their well-being. The research focuses on the economic flow of residents in relation to energy expenditure and surplus. The approach to the problem is due to the lack of an economic and social measurement system in relation to the energy expenditure of the housewith solar panels in extreme weather in the city of Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Therefore, the research question was established: How much energy savings does the use of solar panels represent in the families of Victoria, Tamaulipas? For the elaboration of the hypothesis, the Cruz-Ardilla theory (2013), was necessary, which maintains that energy plays an important role in society since it allows access to technological and social advances in resources that provide greater comfort; In this same tenor, Díaz (2015), ensures that technological strategies for sustainability have an economic purpose transforming the territory and; as a last assumption according to Elías and Bordas (2012), which indicates that 44% of primary energy worldwide becomes useless. Thus, the hypothesis is: Energy savings with the use of solar panels in the homes of families in Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, Mexico is equivalent to 40 percent.
Charlottesville Urban Design and Affordable Housing
Authors:   University of Virginia, Schwartz Kenneth
Published: February 2021

One of the most pressing problems confronting architects and planners involves the erosion of urban fabric in American cities and small towns. Many factors have contributed to the physical and economic decline of previously healthy cities since the end of World War 11. Federal tax policies involving home mortgage deduction, FHA loan programs, and highway policy and subsidies have all conspired to promote suburban sprawl and a concurrent abandonment of city centers by the middle class. Nowhere has the impact of this problem been felt more seriously than in the area of housing. The legacy of the late 1950's and 1960's "urban renewal" has decimated vast tracts of land. In many areas of many cities, lower and middle income housing stock has been eliminated, often leaving a wasteland of parking in its place.
The Architect's Role in Reshaping Public Housing Policy
Authors:   University of Houston, Morris Deborah , Gutierrez Gabriella ,   University of Houston
Published: February 2021

The problems that have historically plagued public housing programs and hampered their implementation have been the focus of countless inquiries by scholars, professionals, government agencies, housing advocates, and concerned citizens. These studies have contributed variously to the understanding that the failure of the state and the federal government to meet even the most fundamental need for shelter of the nations poor is linked to deeply rooted inequalities of class, race, and gender. Minorities, female-headed households, and the homeless face significantly more severe housing problems than any other segment of our population. Differentiating among these groups and the type of problems that each face is essential to developing effective strategies to meet their housing needs (Marcuse, 1989:68).