bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The interaction of neutrinos with phantom, quintessence, and quintum scalar fields and its effect on the formation of structures in the early universe
Authors: Yarahmadi Muhammad , Salehi Amin
Published: October 2023

Despite the fact that the mass of the neutrinos is so small, they are produced in such vast numbers in the early Universe that their mass induces subtle effects on cosmological observables, primarily the growth of structure and the expansion history in the Universe. We consider the models where neutrino interacts with dark energy scalar field models; phantom, quintessence, and quintom. Also, we obtained the $$z_\textrm{nr}$$

z
nr

(the redshift at which a mass of neutrino $$m_{\nu }$$

m
ν

will become non-relativistic) and surveyed the effect of non-relativistic neutrinos on the structure formation. The data used in this paper are Pantheon + Analysis catalog, CMB, and BAO data. We obtained coupling constant $$\beta $$
β
for neutrino and three scalar fields and found that larger $$\beta $$
β
values will generally lead to larger neutrino mass in the Universe. For combination data, we found that the total mass of neutrino $$\sum m_{\nu }< 0.1197$$

∑

m
ν

<
0.1197

eV $$(95\% $$

(
95
%

confidence level (C.L.) for quintom model and $$\sum m_{\nu }< 0.121 $$

∑

m
ν

<
0.121

eV $$(95\% $$

(
95
%

confidence level (C.L.) for phantom model and $$\sum m_{\nu }< 0.122$$

∑

m
ν

<
0.122

eV $$(95\% $$

(
95
%

confidence level (C.L.) for quintessence model. These results are in broad agreement with the results of Planck 2018 where the total neutrino mass is $$\sum m_{\nu }<0.12$$

∑

m
ν

<
0.12

eV ($$95\%$$

95
%

C.L., TT, TE, EE + lowE + lensing + BAO). Using the neutrino mass obtained from different models, we calculated $$z_\textrm{nr}$$

z
nr

and co-moving wave number $$k_\textrm{nr}$$

k
nr

and showed that neutrinos played a role on the structure formation in the early Universe.
Conformal hairy black holes of quartic quasi-topological gravity with power-Yang–Mills source
Authors: Ali Askar , Saifullah Khalid
Published: October 2023

We study higher dimensional hairy black holes of quartic quasi-topological gravity in the framework of non-abelian power-Yang–Mills theory. It is shown that real solutions of the gravitational field equations exist only for positive values of quartic quasi-topological coefficient. Depending on the values of the mass, conformal coupling constants, quasi-topological coefficients, Yang–Mills magnetic charge, and nonlinearity parameter, they can be interpreted as black holes with one horizon, at most three horizons and naked singularity. It is also shown that the solution associated with these black holes has an essential curvature singularity at the centre $$r=0$$

r
=
0

. Thermodynamic and conserved quantities for these hairy black holes are computed and we show that the first law has been verified. We also check thermodynamic stability in both canonical and grand canonical ensembles. In addition to this, we also formulate new power-Yang–Mills hairy black hole solutions in pure quasi-topological gravity. The physical and thermodynamic properties of these black holes are discussed as well. It is concluded that unlike Yang–Mills black holes without scalar hair there exist stability regions for the power-Yang–Mills hairy black holes in grand canonical ensemble. Finally, we discuss the thermodynamics of horizon flat power-Yang–Mills rotating black branes and analyze their thermodynamic and conserved quantities by using the counter-term method inspired by AdS/CFT correspondence.
THE EFFECT OF BUSINESS OWNER DEMOGRAPHICS ON LOAN FORGIVENESS IN A PANDEMIC
Authors: OGBOLU MICHAEL , UZUEGBUNAM IKENNA , HINOJOSA AMANDA
Published: October 2023

Generally, crisis situations entail economic hardship for entrepreneurs and their businesses. As such, historical crisis events may be accompanied by government policy to lessen the adverse effects for business owners and their employees. By analyzing a sample of 139,006 U.S. businesses that received Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans of $150,000 or more from the United States Treasury, we empirically show that female, racial and ethnic minority business owners will be at a disadvantage in receiving loan forgiveness relative to their peers. These findings advance the literature by highlighting post funding gender, racial and ethnic disparities in accessing venture resources. Practically, the results highlight how governmental intervention during a historical shock may disproportionately increase constraints on female, racial and ethnic minority business owners.
Bidirectional subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean: constraints from geochronology and geochemistry of S-type granites from Baoshan Block in western Yunnan (SW China)
Authors: Li Wei , Yu Xinqi , Hu Jun , Zhang Yichao , Peng Teng , Liu Nianwei
Published: October 2023

Understanding the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean is important for exploring the initial assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent. The closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean represents the end of convergence along the northern edge of Eastern Gondwana. However, the timing and processes of the closing of the ocean have different interpretations. This work focuses on the Early Paleozoic granitic rocks in the Baoshan Block, SW China to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. Zircons from the Pinghe and Zhen'an granitic plutons yield concordant U–Pb ages from 489.8 to 467.7 Ma. The bulk-rock geochemical features suggest that these samples are high-K calc-alkaline, S-type granites enriched in light rare earth elements and depleted in heavy rare earth elements. With obvious negative Eu anomalies and high K
2
O/Na
2
O ratios (1.01–2.57), they are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and depleted in high field strength elements. These rocks were therefore derived from partial crustal melting associated with subduction of the converging plate. Previous studies on the Changning–Menglian suture zone have suggested that the Early Paleozoic magmatic activity in the Baoshan Block was related to the westward subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean. Combined with the Early Paleozoic subduction-related magmatic activity to the east, it is therefore suggested that the Changning–Menglian Ocean experienced bidirectional subduction.
Designing Deep Learning Models on FPGA with Multiple Heterogeneous Engines
Authors: Reis Miguel , Véstias Mário , Neto Horácio
Published: October 2023

Deep learning models are becoming more complex and heterogeneous with new layer types to improve their accuracy. This brings a considerable challenge to the designers of accelerators of deep neural networks. There have been several architectures and design flows to map deep learning models on hardware, but they are limited to a particular model and/or layer types. Also, the architectures generated by these tools target, in general, high-performance devices, not appropriate for embedded computing. This article proposes a multi-engine architecture and a design flow to implement deep learning models on FPGA. The hardware design uses high-level synthesis to allow design space exploration. The architecture is scalable and therefore applicable to any density FPGAs. The architecture and design flow were applied to the development of a hardware/software system for image classification with ResNet50, object detection with YOLOv3-Tiny, and image segmentation with DeepLabV3+. The system was tested in a low-density Zynq UltraScale+ ZU3EG FPGA to show its scalability. The results show that the proposed multi-engine architecture generates efficient accelerators. An accelerator of ResNet50 with a 4-bit quantization achieves 67 FPS, and the object detector with YOLOv3-Tiny with a throughput of 36 FPS and the image segmentation application achieves 1.4 FPS.
A Machine Learning Approach to Improving Timing Consistency between Global Route and Detailed Route
Authors: Chhabria Vidya A. , Jiang Wenjing , Kahng Andrew B. , Sapatnekar Sachin S.
Published: October 2023

Due to the unavailability of routing information in design stages prior to detailed routing (DR), the tasks of timing prediction and optimization pose major challenges. Inaccurate timing prediction wastes design effort, hurts circuit performance, and may lead to design failure. This work focuses on timing prediction after clock tree synthesis and placement legalization, which is the earliest opportunity to time and optimize a “complete” netlist. The article first documents that having “oracle knowledge” of the final post-DR parasitics enables post-global routing (GR) optimization to produce improved final timing outcomes. To bridge the gap between GR-based parasitic and timing estimation and post-DR results
during post-GR optimization
, machine learning (ML)-based models are proposed, including the use of features for macro blockages for accurate predictions for designs with macros. Based on a set of experimental evaluations, it is demonstrated that these models show higher accuracy than GR-based timing estimation. When used during post-GR optimization, the ML-based models show demonstrable improvements in post-DR circuit performance. The methodology is applied to two different tool flows—OpenROAD and a commercial tool flow—and results on an open-source 45nm bulk and a commercial 12nm FinFET enablement show improvements in post-DR timing slack metrics without increasing congestion. The models are demonstrated to be generalizable to designs generated under different clock period constraints and are robust to training data with small levels of noise.
A Comprehensive Picture of Factors Affecting User Willingness to Use Mobile Health Applications
Authors: Fan Shaojing , Jain Ramesh C. , Kankanhalli Mohan S.
Published: October 2023

Mobile health (mHealth) applications have become increasingly valuable in preventive healthcare and in reducing the burden on healthcare organizations. The aim of this article is to investigate the factors that influence user acceptance of mHealth apps and identify the underlying structure that shapes users’ behavioral intention. An online study that employed factorial survey design with vignettes was conducted, and a total of 1,669 participants from eight countries across four continents were included in the study. Structural equation modeling was employed to quantitatively assess how various factors collectively contribute to users’ willingness to use mHealth apps. The results indicate that users’ digital literacy has the strongest impact on their willingness to use them, followed by their online habit of sharing personal information. Users’ concerns about personal privacy only had a weak impact. Furthermore, users’ demographic background, such as their country of residence, age, ethnicity, and education, has a significant moderating effect. Our findings have implications for app designers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers. Efforts are needed to regulate data collection and sharing and promote digital literacy among the general population to facilitate the widespread adoption of mHealth apps.
A Method for Predicting Production Costs Based on Data Fusion from Multiple Sources for Industry 4.0: Trends and Applications of Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Soleimani Masoud , Naderian Hossein , Afshinfar Amir Hossein , Savari Zoha , Tizhari Mahtab , Agha Seyed Hosseini Seyed Reza
Published: October 2023

There is a growing need for manufacturing processes that improve product quality and production rates while reducing costs. With the advent of multisensory information fusion technology, individuals can acquire a broader range of information. Several data fusion and machine learning methods have been discussed in this article within the context of the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Depending on its purpose, a prognostic method can be categorized as descriptive, predictive, or prescriptive. ANN and CNN models are applied to predicting production costs using neural networks based on multisource information fusion, and multisource information fusion theory is examined and applied to ANNs and CNNs. In this study, ANN and CNN predictions have been compared. CNN has demonstrated more remarkable skill in predicting the six cost categories than ANN. When predicting the true value of each cost category, CNN is superior to ANN. As a result, CNN’s forecast error for the current month’s total income is 0.0234. Because of its improved prediction accuracy and more straightforward training technique, CNN is better suited to incorporating information from several sources. Furthermore, both neural networks overestimate indirect costs, including direct material costs and item consumption prices.
Cascaded Control System Design for Quadrotor UAV through Relay with Embedded Integrator-Based Automatic Tuning Approach
Authors: Hoshu Ayaz Ahmed , Mustafa Abro Ghulam E , Alhussein Musaed , Tunio Irfan Ali , Aurangzeb Khursheed , Ali Anwar
Published: October 2023

Due to their enormous characteristics and applicability, quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have enjoyed much popularity lately. However, designing a stable control strategy for quadrotors still remains one of the major concerns mainly due to the requirement of an accurate system model. They are naturally underactuated systems, with complex and nonlinear dynamics as well as interaxes couplings. Considering the dynamical complexities of these vehicles, one of the efficient methods is to utilize the relay feedback experiments and automatic tuning approach to tackle these issues. This paper investigates the employment of the relay with embedded integrator approach, wherein the quadrotor dynamics are estimated effectively with minimal parameters as compared to previously utilized relay with hysteresis technique. Frequency sampling filter (FSF) is further utilized for the extraction of the needful data through the signals obtained using the relay experiments, followed by the estimation of the plant dynamics. PID controllers have then been developed using the approximated quadrotor models. Which are used in the proposed cascade control structure for the quadrotor. The demonstrated results and analysis present the efficacy of designed control system technique for the quadrotor UAV.
The Safety of Soy Leghemoglobin Protein Preparation Derived from Pichia pastoris Expressing a Soy Leghemoglobin Gene from Glycine max: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Reyes Teresa F. , Agrawal Puja , Chan Teresa , Green Richard , Matulka Ray A.
Published: October 2023

Soy leghemoglobin (LegH) protein derived from soy (Glycine max) produced in Pichia pastoris (reclassified as Komagataella phaffii) as LegH Prep is a novel food ingredient that provides meat-like flavor and aroma to plant-derived food products. The safety of LegH Prep has been previously assessed in a battery of in vivo and in vitro testing and found no adverse effects under the conditions tested. In this new work, we present the results of new in vivo and in vitro tests evaluating the safety of LegH Prep. LegH Prep was nonmutagenic in a bacterial reverse mutation assay and nonclastogenic in an in vitro micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes. Systemic toxicity was evaluated in the 90 day dietary study in male and female Sprague–Dawley® rats that included a 28 day recovery period. The study resulted in no animal deaths associated with the administration of LegH Prep at the highest dose (90,000 ppm). There were no significant adverse clinical or physical changes attributed to LegH Prep administration, and no observed adverse effects on either male or female rats over the course of the 28 day recovery phase study. The new 90 day dietary toxicity study established a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 4798.3 and 5761.5 mg/kg/day, the maximum level tested for male and female rats, respectively. Thus, the results of the studies demonstrate that under the conditions tested, LegH Prep is not toxic for consumption in meat analog products.
Effects of Commercial Yeast on the Quality of Frozen Dough and Steamed Bread in Different Regions of China
Authors: Wang Zheng , Tian Xiaoling , Lin Shunshun , An Yanxia , Zhao Longke , Li Mengqin
Published: October 2023

This study delved into the impact of various commercial yeast strains from different geographic regions on the quality attributes of dough and steamed bread. The investigation encompassed aspects such as fermentation dynamics, texture profiles, and overall quality features of frozen dough and steamed bread products. Eighteen distinct commercial yeast strains were utilized to prepare dough samples. The findings revealed minimal disparity in the color and height-to-diameter ratio of the resulting steamed bread across all samples. However, frozen doughs formulated with commercial yeast sourced from the southern regions of China exhibited enhanced CO2 production, heightened freezing resilience, a more pronounced gluten network structure, increased flexibility, and reduced presence of weakly bound water that contributes to ice crystal formation within the dough matrix. Each yeast strain exhibited a CO2 production volume exceeding 900 mL. Notably, the strains sourced from the southern region of China displayed the most superior freeze-tolerance rate (mean 0.84), surpassing those originating from central China (0.81) and northern China (0.74). Textural analyses unveiled that frozen dough steamed bread produced with yeast strains from the northern region exhibited diminished pliability and chewiness. This comprehensive study serves as a valuable resource for the judicious selection of commercial yeast strains in the realm of industrial frozen dough and steamed bread production.
Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Lightly Pb-Doped Sb2Te3 Polycrystalline Alloys for Power Generation in Midtemperature Range
Authors: Park Okmin , Lee Kyu Hyoung , Park Sang Jeong , Lee Se Woong , Kim Sang-il
Published: October 2023

Sb2Te3 alloys are promising thermoelectric materials because of their outstanding electrical transport properties in the midtemperature range of 500–700 K, while codoping with multiple elements has been successful to improve their thermoelectric performance. In this study, enhanced thermoelectric properties with a maximum thermoelectric figure of merit of 0.97 are reported for singly and lightly Pb-doped Sb2Te3 polycrystalline alloys (Sb2–

x

Pb

x

Te3). Very light Pb doping in the range

0.005
≤
x
≤
0.0125

in the Sb2–

x

Pb

x

Te3 alloys yielded significantly improved carrier transport properties and increased electrical conductivity while the Seebeck coefficient is decreased moderately, since the density-of-state effective mass is improved much. As a result, power factor for the Pb-doped Sb2Te3 is largely increased up to 3.7 mW/mK2 at 300 K. The lattice thermal conductivity decreased considerably owing to the additional point defect phonon scattering by the Pb despite slight doping. Consequently, a maximum thermoelectric figure of merit of 0.97 was obtained for Sb1.9875Pb0.0125Te3 (

x
=
0.0125

) at 600 K, which is the highest reported value for singly doped Sb2Te3-based alloys. A maximum energy conversion efficiency was calculated to be 9.0% for a temperature difference of 350 K, which is higher than that for other singly or codoped Sb2Te3 alloys.
Recipient-to-Donor Ratios in the Surgical Treatment of Vitiligo, Leukoderma, and Piebaldism: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Maghfour Jalal , Bardhi Redina , Huggins Richard , Hamzavi Iltefat H. , Mohammad Tasneem F.
Published: October 2023

Background: The autologous noncultured melanocyte keratinocyte transplant procedure (MKTP) has emerged as a popular grafting technique with proven efficacy for achieving repigmentation. However, there remains no consensus regarding the optimal recipient-to-donor (RD) ratio required to achieve acceptable repigmentation. In this retrospective cohort study of 120 patients, we sought to examine whether expansion ratios impact the repigmentation success rates following MKTP. Results: A total of 69 patients (mean [SD] age was 32.4 [14.3] years, mean follow-up was 30.4 [22.5] months, 63.8% were male; 55% were dark-skinned individuals [Fitzpatrick IV–VI]) were included. The mean percent change in the Vitiligo Area Scoring Index (VASI) was 80.2 (±23.7; RD of 7.3) in patients with focal/segmental vitiligo (SV), 58.3 (±33.0; RD of 8.2) in those with non-segmental vitiligo (NSV), and 51.8 (±33.6; RD of 3.7) in those with leukoderma and piebaldism. Focal/SV was positively associated with a higher percent change in VASI (parameter estimate: 22.6, p value <0.005). In the SV/focal group, non-white patients had a higher RD ratio compared to White individuals (8.2 ± 3.4 vs. 6.0 ± 3.1, respectively, p value = 0.035). Discussion: In our study, we found that patients with SV were significantly more likely to achieve higher repigmentation rates compared to those with NSV. Although repigmentation rates were higher in the low expansion ratio group than in the high expansion ratio group, we did not observe a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: MKTP is an effective therapy for restoring repigmentation in patients with stable vitiligo. Therapeutic response of vitiligo to MKTP appears to be influenced by the type of vitiligo, rather than a specific RD ratio.
An Early Prediction Model for Estimating Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants
Authors: Kostekci Yasemin Ezgi , Bakırarar Batuhan , Okulu Emel , Erdeve Omer , Atasay Begum , Arsan Saadet
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Accurate assessment of the risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is critical to determine the prognosis and identify infants who will benefit from preventive therapies. Clinical prediction models can support the identification of high-risk patients. In this study, we investigated the potential risk factors for BPD and compared machine learning models for predicting the outcome of BPD/death on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 in preterm infants. We also developed a local BPD estimator. Methods: This study involved 124 infants. We evaluated the composite outcome of BPD/death at a postmenstrual age of 36 weeks and identified risk factors that would improve BPD/death prediction. SPSS for Windows Version 11.5 and Weka 3.9 software were used for the data analysis. Results: To evaluate the combined effect of all variables, all risk factors were taken into consideration. Gestational age, birth weight, mode of respiratory support, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, surfactant requirement, and late-onset sepsis were risk factors on postnatal days 7, 14, and 28. In a comparison of four different time points (postnatal days 1, 7, 14, and 28), the day 7 model provided the best prediction. According to this model, when a patient was diagnosed with BPD/death, the accuracy rate was 89.5%. Conclusion: The postnatal day 7 model was the best predictor of BPD or death. Future validation studies will help identify infants who may benefit from preventive therapies and develop individualized care.
COPD: Die Eosinophilenzahl im Blut kann bei der Vorhersage künftiger Exazerbationen hilfreich sein
Authors: Gülsen Askin
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death, and COPD exacerbation worsens the prognosis. Eosinophilic airway inflammation is a COPD phenotype that causes COPD exacerbation and is correlated with peripheral blood eosinophil count. We analyzed real-world data of COPD patients to assess the risk factors of COPD exacerbation focusing on blood eosinophils. Materials and methods: Patients with COPD who visited our hospital between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2018, were recruited, and their background information, spirometry data, laboratory test results, and moderate-to-severe exacerbation events during the one-year follow-up period were collected from the electronic medical records and analyzed. The COPD exacerbation risk factors were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Twenty-two of 271 (8.1%) patients experienced moderate-to-severe exacerbation. Patients with exacerbation showed worse pulmonary function, and we found that a high blood eosinophil count (≥350 cells/μL; p = 0.014), low % FEV1 (<50%; p = 0.002), increase in white blood cell (≥9000 cells/μL; p = 0.039), and use of home oxygen therapy (p = 0.005) were risk factors for future exacerbations. We also found a strong correlation between eosinophil count cut-offs and exacerbation risk (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). On the other hand, there was no relation between exacerbation risk and inhalation therapy for COPD.
МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНІ ТА ВІРУСНІ ГЕПАТИТИ: НЮАНСИ ДИФЕРЕНЦІЙНОЇ ДІАГНОСТИКИ
Authors: Копча В. С. , Кадубець О. Я. , Сніцаренко С. В. , Куриляк Л. Б. , Шпікула Н. Г.
Published: October 2023

Наведено загальні відомості про токсичні, перед­усім медикаментозні, й вірусні гепатити. Перераховані основні гепатотоксичні медикаменти. Висвітлено їх класифікацію, механізм дії, клінічну симптоматику, біохімічні та морфологічні зміни при різноманітних токсичних ураженнях печінки. Дана загальна характеристика вірусних гепатитів, передусім з акцентом на їх диференційну діагностику з гепатотоксичними ураженнями. Основні ознаки вірусних і токсичних гепатитів згруповано у таблиці.
ОЦІНКА ФІЗИЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДІТЕЙ ІЗ ХРОНІЧНИМИ БРОНХОЛЕГЕНЕВИМИ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯМИ
Authors: Височина І. Л. , Башкірова Н. С. , Крамаренко Н. М.
Published: October 2023

РЕЗЮМЕ. Незважаючи на значні досягнення медицини в світі та Україні, хронічні та рекурентні захворювання органів дихання у дітей продовжують займати провідне місце в структурі їх захворюваності. Взаємозалежність між станом фізичного розвитку та особливостями перебігу різних хронічних та рецидивних бронхолегеневих захворювань до кінця ще не вивчена, хоча доведено, що відставання у фізичному розвитку при муковісцидозі визначається багатьма факторами, в тому числі хронічною інтоксикацією, гіпоксією та панкреатичною недостатністю.
Мета – вивчення зв’язку між особливостями перебігу хронічних та рецидивних бронхолегеневих захворювань та станом фізичного розвитку в цих дітей.
Матеріал і методи. Під нашим наглядом перебували 180 дітей (116 хлопчиків та 64 дівчинки) віком від 1 року 9 місяців до 16 років. Першу групу склали 82 дитини, хворі на рецидивний бронхіт, другу групу – 88 дітей з бронхіальною астмою. Третю групу склали 10 дітей із легеневою формою муковісцидозу. Фізичний розвиток дітей оцінювали на підставі дослідження антропометричних показників (зросту, маси тіла, обводу грудей) та соматоскопії. Спірометричне дослідження проводили дітям старше 6 років за загальноприйнятою методикою з визначенням стандартних показників функції дихання.
Результати. Вивчено стан фізичного розвитку дітей, хворих на бронхіальну астму, рецидивний бронхіт, муковісцидоз та визначено його взаємозв’язок із перебігом хвороби в пацієнтів різного віку. В цілому серед дітей з хронічною та рецидивною бронхолегеневою патологією порушення фізичного розвитку мали 88 дітей, у тому числі в 42 був дисгармонійний фізичний розвиток, мікросоматичний соматотип мали 42 дитини та макросоматичний соматотип – 32 дитини.
Висновки. Доведено існування впливу хронічної бронхолегеневої патології на стан фізичного розвитку дітей, що, в свою чергу, ускладнює перебіг захворювання. Обґрунтована важливість використання ефективних методів профілактики порушень фізичного розвитку (лікувальна фізкультура, загартовування, дотримання режиму дня, раціональне харчування), що є економічно вигідними та можуть використовуватися на амбулаторному етапі надання медичної допомоги.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТЕРАПІЇ ПАЦІЄНТІВ З НЕАЛКОГОЛЬНОЮ ЖИРОВОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ ПЕЧІНКИ, ІНСУЛІНОРЕЗИСТЕНТНІСТЮ ТА ПІДВИЩЕНИМ РІВНЕМ ЛЕПТИНУ
Authors: Козак О. А. , Господарський І. Я.
Published: October 2023

РЕЗЮМЕ. Неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки (НАЖхп) посідає важливе місце серед уражень печінки неалкогольного генезу. Етіологічні фактори та фактори подальшого прогресування вивчені не досконало. Одним із таких факторів є підвищений рівень лептину. В цій статті представлені первинні результати лікування пацієнтів з НАЖхп, інсулінорезистентністю та підвищеним рівнем лептину препаратом метформін.
Мета роботи – провести дослідження впливу метформіну на вираженість стеатозу у пацієнтів з НАЖхп, ІР з підвищеним рівнем лептину.
Матеріал і методи До дослідження увійшли 25 пацієнтів – 13 жінок та 12 чоловіків віком від 35 до 60 років, які були поділені на 2 групи залежно від проведеного лікування. Усі пацієнти мали ознаки стеатозу при НАЖхп, інсулінорезистентність та підвищений рівень лептину в сироватці крові. Критеріями включення у дослідження були клінічні, інструментальні та лабораторні прояви стеатозу та НАЖхп (у тому числі результати валідизованих тестів для виявлення фіброзу при НАЖхп – Fib-4, NAFLD Fibrometer) [9], ознаки інсулінорезистентності (антропометричні дані, індекс НОМА, рівень глюкози), підвищений рівень лептину в сироватці крові, відсутність алкогольного анамнезу, а також цукрового діабету. Обрахунок проводили через 3 місяці від початку терапії для контролю змін.
Результати. В результаті аналізу змін суб’єктивних скарг, результатів лабораторних та інструментальних досліджень, можна стверджувати, що лікування в обох групах має позитивну динаміку, але показники у групі 2, що приймала метформін, мають швидшу тенденцію до покращення. Особливо це стосується показників глюкози, лептину у крові. Також значущими є зміни у самопочутті пацієнтів та зміни при контролі УЗД та еластрографії – зменшення розмірів печінки та ехогенності. Варто відмітити і скарги на спрагу, які, за результатами лікування, дали протилежні результати – дана скарга більшою мірою нівелювалась у пацієнтів, які не приймали метформін.
Висновки. Результати дослідження свідчать про зв’язок метформіну, лептину, та НАЖхп і ІР, адже після 3 місяців прийому метформіну ми спостерігаємо позитивну динаміку показників, навіть порівняно з групою, в якій до схеми лікування не був включений метформін. Ці дані дають можливість стверджувати, що лікування ефективне і слід продовжувати спостереження та контроль через 6 місяців та через рік від початку лікування.
ГІДРОТЕРАПІЯ ПРИ М’ЯЗОВО-СКЕЛЕТНІЙ РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ В УМОВАХ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ДІЙ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Салайда І. М. , Коваль В. Б. , Попович Д. В.
Published: October 2023

РЕЗЮМЕ. Мета – провести аналітичний огляд сучасної медичної вітчизняної та зарубіжної літератури щодо можливостей застосування води як засобу фізичної реабілітації для осіб, що її потребують.

Матеріал і методи. При проведенні дослідження використано дані українських і зарубіжних джерел літератури щодо використання властивостей води та її застосування для реабілітації різнопрофільних пацієнтів.

Результати. Водне середовище має широкий реабілітаційний потенціал, починаючи від лікування гострих травм, поранень та підтримки здоров’я при перебігу хронічних захворювань, проте цей метод лікування залишається недооціненим у сучасних клінічних умовах. Існує велика дослідницька база даних щодо застосування водної терапії як в науковій теоретичній, так і в клінічній літературі. Ми описали різноманітність фізіологічних змін, які відбуваються під час водного занурення пацієнта. Завдяки широкій межі терапевтичної безпеки та клінічної адаптації гідротерапія є дуже корисним інструментом у реабілітаційній практиці. Краще розуміння практичними лікарями застосування цього методу відновлення дає можливість організувати відповідні терапевтичні програми лікування для різнопрофільних пацієнтів, в тому числі потерпілих (військовиків та цивільних) в результаті бойових дій в Україні.

Висновки. Гідротерапія є корисною для лікування пацієнтів з проблемами опорно-рухового апарату (бойові ураження кулями, фрагментами мін, гранат, металевих конструкцій, при ампутаціях кінцівок), неврологічними проблемами (посттравматичний синдром), патологією серцево-легеневої системи та іншими станами. Крім того, межа терапевтичної безпеки при використанні цього методу значно ширша, ніж практично будь-якого іншого, що застосовується в клініці. Знання біологічних ефектів застосування води може допомогти кваліфікованому реабілітаційному клініцисту створити оптимальний план комплексного лікування, шляхом відповідної модифікації гідро-статичного тиску води, її температурного режиму, меж занурення тіла та тривалості лікувального процесу в кожному конкретному випадку.
ПОКАЗНИКИ БІЛКОВОГО І ВУГЛЕВОДНОГО ОБМІНІВ У БІЛИХ ЩУРІВ ПРИ ВЖИВАННІ ПИТНОЇ ВОДИ З РІЗНИМ ВМІСТОМ ІОНІВ НАТРІЮ І КАЛІЮ
Authors: Мисула І. Р. , Лотоцький В. В.
Published: October 2023

Резюме. З питною водою в організм споживачів можуть надходити різні макро- і мікроелементи. Їх нестача або понаднормова кількість може викликати серйозні проблеми зі здоров'ям. До таких елементів належать іони натрію і калію, які дуже поширені у довкіллі та є одними з головних іонів питної води.
Мета – оцінити вплив питної води з різним вмістом іонів натрію і калію на білковий та вуглеводний обмін в організмі білих щурів.
Матеріал і методи. Дослідження проведено на 72 білих щурах, поділених на 6 груп по 12 особин у кожній, які відрізнялися між собою за якістю питної води. 1-а група була контрольна. Тварини 2-ї групи споживали воду з вмістом іонів Na+ в концентрації 100,0 мг/л, 3-ї групи – з іонами К+ у концентрації 10,0 мг/л, 4-ї групи – з добавкою Na+ в концентрації 100,0 мг/л і К+ 10,0 мг/л, 5-ї − відповідно Na+ 50,0 мг/л і К+ 5,0 мг/л, 6-ї – Na+ 25,0 і К+ 2,5 мг/л. На 15 та 30 добу від початку досліду за допомогою напівавтоматичного біохімічного аналізатора “Humalyzer 2000” у сироватці крові визначали рівень загального білка, сечовини, креатиніну, глюкози і піровиноградної кислоти.
Результати. Вживання питної води з іонами калію у концентрації 10,0 мг/л та іонами натрію у концентрації 100,0 мг/л, як ізольовано, так і в комбінації, викликає достовірні зміни вмісту загального білка, креатиніну, сечовини та глюкози в сироватці крові щурів як на 15-у, так і на 30-у добу експерименту. Максимально виражена гіперглікемія виникає при вживанні водно-сольового розчину з концентрацією іонів натрію 100,0 мг/л. Зменшення концентрацій обох іонів до 25,0 мг/л (натрій) і 2,5 мг/л (калій) у питній воді не викликало змін показників білкового і вуглеводного обмінів в організмі тварин.
Висновки. Питна вода з різним вмістом іонів натрію і калію негативно впливає на організм щурів, викликаючи зміни в білковому та вуглеводному обмінах. Інтенсивність змін залежала від концентрації іонів у питній воді та тривалості її вживання.
Lipoprotein Characteristics and Incident Coronary Heart Disease: Prospective Cohort of Nearly 90 000 Individuals in UK Biobank
Authors: Jin Danyao , Trichia Eirini , Islam Nazrul , Bešević Jelena , Lewington Sarah , Lacey Ben
Published: October 2023

Background

Associations of coronary heart disease (CHD) with plasma lipids are well described, but the associations with characteristics of lipoproteins (which transport lipids) remain unclear.

Methods and Results

UK Biobank is a prospective study of 0.5 million adults. Analyses were restricted to 89 422 participants with plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein measures from Nightingale nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and without CHD at baseline. CHD risk was positively associated with concentrations of very‐low‐density lipoproteins, intermediate‐density lipoproteins, and low‐density lipoproteins (LDL), and inversely associated with high‐density lipoproteins. Hazard ratios (99% CIs) per SD were 1.22 (1.17–1.28), 1.16 (1.11–1.21), 1.20 (1.15–1.25), and 0.90 (0.86–0.95), respectively. Larger subclasses of very‐low‐density lipoproteins were less strongly associated with CHD risk, but associations did not materially vary by size of LDL or high‐density lipoprotein. Given lipoprotein particle concentrations, lipid composition (including cholesterol) was not strongly related to CHD risk, except for triglyceride in LDL particles. Apolipoprotein B was highly correlated with LDL concentration (
r
=0.99), but after adjustment for apolipoprotein B, concentrations of very‐low‐density lipoprotein and high‐density lipoprotein particles remained strongly related to CHD risk.

Conclusions

This large‐scale study reliably quantifies the associations of nuclear magnetic resonance–defined lipoprotein characteristics with CHD risk. CHD risk was most strongly related to particle concentrations, and separate measurements of lipoprotein concentrations may be of greater value than the measurement by apolipoprotein B, which was largely determined by LDL concentration alone. Furthermore, there was strong evidence of positive association with mean triglyceride molecules per LDL particle but little evidence of associations with total triglycerides or other lipid and lipoprotein fractions after accounting for lipoprotein concentrations.
Iodine‐Induced Hypothyroidism and Long‐Term Risks of Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Inoue Kosuke , Guo Rong , Lee Martin L. , Neverova Natalia V. , Ebrahimi Ramin , Currier Jesse W. , Bashir Muhammad T. , Leung Angela M.
Published: October 2023

Background

Although most individuals can adapt to a large iodine load and remain euthyroid, hypothyroidism can develop after iodine exposure. Hypothyroidism is associated with adverse cardiovascular consequences, including heart failure. This study was performed to investigate the relationships between iodine‐induced hypothyroidism and incident heart failure.

Methods and Results

This cohort study of the US Veterans Health Administration (1998–2021) included adults aged ≥18 years with a serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) <60 days of iodine contrast administration, and <1 year of a baseline normal serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone. Cox proportional hazards regression ascertained risk of incident heart failure following iodine‐induced hypothyroidism, adjusting for age, sex, race and ethnicity, body mass index, and history of coronary heart disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Of 45 470 veterans (mean±SD age, 61.1±14.1 years; 88% men), 3361 (7.4%) developed iodine‐induced hypothyroidism. Heart failure developed in 5685 (12.5%) individuals over a median follow‐up of 3.6 years (interquartile range, 1.9–7.2 years). Adjusted for risk factors, iodine‐induced hypothyroidism was associated with increased risk of heart failure, compared with those who remained euthyroid after iodine exposure (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.01–1.22]). Women were at greater risk than men (adjusted HR: women, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.13–2.40]; men, 1.08 [95% CI, 0.98–1.19];
P
for interaction, 0.02).

Conclusions

In the largest US study of this topic, hypothyroidism following iodine exposure was associated with an increased risk of incident heart failure, particularly in women. These findings support the need for further research to address the clinical significance of this issue, including the possible sex‐specific risks of incident heart failure in more diverse data sets and study populations.
Conceptualising “Relocation” Across Displacement Contexts
Authors: Cantor David James
Published: October 2023

Planned relocations often take place in displacement contexts. They ensue not only in settings of disasters and climate change, but also during armed conflicts and in development projects. But what is ‘relocation’? Is its meaning identical across these diverse contexts? And what is its relationship to displacement? Conceptual clarity on these points is needed if humanitarians are to engage with the critical question of how international law regulates such relocation processes. This article reviews scholarly, policy and legal sources on relocations across these varied contexts in order to (i) propose a universal concept of relocation and (ii) reflect on its relationship to concepts of displacement. Then, by considering the issue in relation to internal displacement frameworks, the article explains how international law governs relocations, regardless of the specific setting in which they occur. This has important implications in a world of diverse, and often entwined, displacement contexts.
The effect of nebulized heparin on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients: a meta-analysis and review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Qiankun , Sun Changan , Gu Yue , Qi Zhijiang , Li Jun
Published: October 2023

Objective

To determine the relationship between use of nebulized heparin and clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods

The Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed databases were searched for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs), published between database inception and May 2022. Primary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay and in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes included duration of mechanical ventilation, ventilator-free days (VFDs) in 28 days, and length of hospitalization. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (registration No: CRD42022345533).

Results

A total of eight RCTs (651 patients) were included. Nebulized heparin was associated with reduced ICU length of stay (six studies; mean difference [MD] –1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] –1.87, –0.33, I2 = 76%), reduced duration of mechanical ventilation (two studies; MD –2.63, 95% CI –3.68, –1.58, I2 = 92%) and increased VFDs in 28 days (two studies; MD 4.22, 95% CI 1.10, 7.35, I2 = 18%), without increased incidence of adverse events, such as bleeding; but was not associated with a reduction in length of hospitalization (three studies; MD –1.00, 95% CI –2.90, –0.90, I2 = 0%) or in-hospital mortality (five studies; odds ratio 1.10, 95% CI 0.69, 1.77, I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

Nebulized heparin reduces ICU length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation in mechanically ventilated patients, but has no effect on length of hospitalization or mortality.
Objects Do Not Suffer: An Impact of Mechanistic Dehumanization on Perceptions of Women’s Suffering and Lack of Justice in Domestic Assault
Authors: Felig Roxanne N. , Courtney Emily P. , Ligman Kaitlyn M. , Lee Kirsten J. , Goldenberg Jamie L.
Published: October 2023

Women constitute an overwhelming majority of those who experience domestic violence; furthermore, the vast majority of perpetrators of domestic violence go unsentenced. The objectification of women innately implies the denial of humanness, and dehumanization is known to play a role in willingness to engage in and acceptance of interpersonal harm. Yet, important questions remain. The current study examines the type of humanness objectified women are being denied, and how that denial implicates perceptions surrounding domestic assault. We predict that associating women with objects, and not animals, may be uniquely implicated in the lack of consequences for perpetrators—for objects cannot feel pain. In the current study ( N = 319), we manipulated the presentation of a woman as sexualized or not and purported that she had been involved in a domestic violence incident. We found that when the target woman was sexualized (and thus objectified), participants associated her with an inert, non-human object (i.e., mechanistically dehumanized her) more than when she was not sexually objectified, but we found no effect of sexualization on animalistic dehumanization. Furthermore, mechanistic dehumanization mediated decreases in perceptions of the sexually objectified woman’s suffering as a result of the domestic violence, which decreased the severity of the punishment participants recommended for the perpetrator, while also, increasing victim, and decreasing perpetrator, blame. We discuss critical considerations of the role of dehumanization in domestic violence directed toward women and the lack of consequences for perpetrators of these crimes.
“Is Juvenile Delinquency in Lithuania Increasing because of the Bad Influence of the West”? Punitive Attitudes of the Lithuanian Population towards Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Buzaitytė-Kašalynienė Jolita , Švedaitė-Sakalauskė Birutė , Kalpokas Vaidas , Sakalauskas Gintautas
Published: October 2023

This article aims to assess the Lithuanian population’s punitive attitudes towards juvenile delinquents, to discuss them from the perspective of authoritarianism and to connect them to Lithuania’s Communist past. This study was a cross-sectional population-based study, administered in 2021. Multistage stratified sampling techniques were used to create a representative sample of 1,508 Lithuanian residents aged eighteen years and older. A measurement of attitudes was created by the authors based on ideas about the tripartite attitude structure: measuring multiple attributes from the areas of affect (feelings towards juvenile offenders), cognition (explanations of the causes of juvenile offending), and action (measures for reduction of juvenile delinquency). The study revealed that almost half of Lithuanians hold punitive attitudes towards juvenile delinquents. These punitive attitudes correlate with negative feelings towards juvenile delinquents related to common stereotypes and inaccurate explanations of the causes of juvenile delinquency. Punitiveness was also connected with fears of “bad” Western influences, such as the perceived overvaluing of children’s rights and disapproval of violence against children and authoritarian parenting. The question “Is juvenile delinquency in Lithuania increasing because of the bad influence of the West?” divided the Lithuanian population into two almost equal groups: “Pro-Westerners” and “Anti-Westerners.” “Anti-Westerners” were more likely to hold authoritarian views, while “Anti-Western” attitudes were more prevalent among older, less-educated, and lower-income citizens.
In Search of Common Ground: How Can Eastern Orthodox Theology Develop a Natural Law Theory?
Authors: Mavropoulos Angelos
Published: October 2023

While natural law theory plays an important role for Catholic moral theology, it is true that Orthodox ethics has not endeavoured to develop its own theory of natural law. This article demonstrates the existence of the concept of natural law in Eastern Orthodox theology and argues that the main reason for this neglect is Eastern Christianity's traditional focus on faith rather than reason. In addition, the author, based on biblical and patristic grounds, highlights the necessity for a balance between the two to be found and provides a way in which Orthodox moral theology could develop a natural law theory, should it ever feel the need to do so, by first redefining its relationship with the science of philosophy, after so many years of disregard.
Increasing gender equality on board level through stay-on-board regulations
Authors: Steinbauer Brigitte
Published: October 2023

Diversity and gender equality in executive boards, as well as finding ways to balance private needs and business requirements, are topics that are on the agenda of legislators around the globe. Given the significant role of executive board members in shaping organizational strategy and culture and for the company’s success, understanding the impact of rules that allow a mandate pause for this group is essential. The German ‘stay-on-board’ rules grant a mandate pause to board members for maternity, parental or care leave or for a board member's convalescence since August 2021. The objective of this paper is to examine the necessity for a legal framework on the European Union level that provides for a mandate pause for board members as a way to increase gender equality on the board level. The author recommends closing the gap in gender equality on the board level at European level by adopting comparable measures to those implemented in Germany, supplemented by additional measures. The implementation of a comprehensive set of measures, in conjunction with widespread acceptance in society, is crucial for the advancement of gender equality within corporate boardrooms.