bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fitness consequences of outgroup conflict
Authors: Braga Goncalves Ines , Morris-Drake Amy , Kennedy Patrick , Radford Andrew N
Published: July 2022

In social species across the animal kingdom, conspecific outsiders threaten the valuable resources of groups and their members. This outgroup conflict is recognised as a powerful selection pressure, but we argue that studies explicitly quantifying the fitness consequences need to be broader in scope: more attention should be paid to delayed, cumulative, and third-party fitness consequences, not just those arising immediately to group members involved in physical contests. In the first part of this review, we begin by documenting how single contests can have survival and reproductive consequences either immediately or with a delay. Then, we step beyond contests to describe fitness consequences that can also result from interactions with cues of rival presence and the general landscape of outgroup threat, and beyond single interactions to describe cumulative effects of territorial pressure and elevated outgroup-induced stress. Using examples from a range of taxa, we discuss which individuals are affected negatively and positively, considering both interaction participants and third-party group members of the same or the next generation. In the second part of the review, we provide suggestions about how to move forward. We highlight the importance of considering how different types of outgroup conflict can generate different selection pressures and of investigating variation in fitness consequences within and between species. We finish by discussing the value of theoretical modelling and long-term studies of natural populations, experimental manipulations, and meta-analyses to develop further our understanding of this crucial aspect of sociality.
Impaired astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in awake-behaving Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice
Authors: Åbjørsbråten Knut Sindre , Skaaraas Gry HE Syverstad , Cunen Céline , Bjørnstad Daniel M , Binder Kristin M Gullestad , Bojarskaite Laura , Jensen Vidar , Nilsson Lars NG , Rao Shreyas B , Tang Wannan , Hermansen Gudmund Horn , Nagelhus Erlend A , Ottersen Ole Petter , Torp Reidun , Enger Rune
Published: July 2022

Increased astrocytic Ca2+ signaling has been shown in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models, but to date no reports have characterized behaviorally induced astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in such mice. Here, we employ an event-based algorithm to assess astrocytic Ca2+ signals in the neocortex of awake-behaving tg-ArcSwe mice and non-transgenic wildtype littermates while monitoring pupil responses and behavior. We demonstrate an attenuated astrocytic Ca2+ response to locomotion and an uncoupling of pupil responses and astrocytic Ca2+ signaling in 15-month-old plaque-bearing mice. Using the genetically encoded fluorescent norepinephrine sensor GRABNE, we demonstrate a reduced norepinephrine signaling during spontaneous running and startle responses in the transgenic mice, providing a possible mechanistic underpinning of the observed reduced astrocytic Ca2+ responses. Our data points to a dysfunction in the norepinephrine–astrocyte Ca2+ activity axis, which may account for some of the cognitive deficits observed in Alzheimer’s disease.
Neural tracking of phrases in spoken language comprehension is automatic and task-dependent
Authors: ten Oever Sanne , Carta Sara , Kaufeld Greta , Martin Andrea E
Published: July 2022

Linguistic phrases are tracked in sentences even though there is no one-to-one acoustic phrase marker in the physical signal. This phenomenon suggests an automatic tracking of abstract linguistic structure that is endogenously generated by the brain. However, all studies investigating linguistic tracking compare conditions where either relevant information at linguistic timescales is available, or where this information is absent altogether (e.g., sentences versus word lists during passive listening). It is therefore unclear whether tracking at phrasal timescales is related to the content of language, or rather, results as a consequence of attending to the timescales that happen to match behaviourally relevant information. To investigate this question, we presented participants with sentences and word lists while recording their brain activity with magnetoencephalography (MEG). Participants performed passive, syllable, word, and word-combination tasks corresponding to attending to four different rates: one they would naturally attend to, syllable-rates, word-rates, and phrasal-rates, respectively. We replicated overall findings of stronger phrasal-rate tracking measured with mutual information for sentences compared to word lists across the classical language network. However, in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) we found a task effect suggesting stronger phrasal-rate tracking during the word-combination task independent of the presence of linguistic structure, as well as stronger delta-band connectivity during this task. These results suggest that extracting linguistic information at phrasal rates occurs automatically with or without the presence of an additional task, but also that IFG might be important for temporal integration across various perceptual domains.
Hierarchical Triple Model of Hybrid Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Batsukh Bat-Erdene
Published: July 2022

For more than a decade, PMT and SMT models have dominated the field of machine translation, and neural machine translation has emerged as a new paradigm for machine translation by the 2015. Neural machine translation provides a simple modeling mechanism that is easy to use in practice and science. Thus, it does not require concepts such as word ranking, a key component of the statistical machine translation. While this simplicity may be seen as an advantage, on the other hand, the lack of careful spelling is to lose control of the translation. Even tough, the neural machine translation is more flexible in terms of translations that don’t exactly match the training data. This provides more opportunities for such models, but exempts translation from pre-determined restrictions. Failure to connect specific words can make it difficult to connect the target words you create to the original word. The widespread use of neural machine translation system has the advantage of allowing users to translate certain terms and translate uneducated data to a certain extent. In some cases, however, the structure and the grammar boundary of a sentence is often distorted. The paper is intended to address issues such as the control of neural machine translation, more accurate translation of unidentified data, the accuracy of sentence structure and grammar boundaries. To solve this problem, modern translation theory led to the hybrid model of machine translation. Our model is expansion of this hybrid model with a sentence and a grammar boundary. We named this model as hierarchical triple model (HTM).
The Use of the Toulmin Model in a Writing Module to Hone the Critical Thinking Skills of Omani General Foundation Program Students
Authors: Mohamed Abdelmohsen Moustafa
Published: July 2022

This study proposed to enquire into the efficacy of a developed writing module in honing the critical thinking skills of Omani General Foundation Program students. The study utilized a pre-test and post-test quasi-experimental design. The study participants included 70 Omani students and 2 English language teachers. Convenience sampling technique was employed to sample the participants who were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group embraced 35 students who studied English at the General Foundation Program of higher education institution “A”. The control group encompassed 35 students who studied English at The General Foundation Program of higher education institution “B”. The control group studied the writing syllabus of institution “B”, while the experimental group studied the study module. The critical thinking pre-test was given before module delivery and the post-test was done after the intervention. ANCOVA test was employed to draw a statistical analogy between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test. The findings affirmed that there was a statistically significant mean variance between the control and experimental group’s scores in the critical thinking post-test. The module notably honed the experimental group’s critical thinking skills.
Saudi EFL Teachers’ Self-efficacy in Technology-assisted Language Learning (TALL)
Authors: Al-Seghayer Khalid
Published: July 2022

This study employs an explanatory, convergent parallel, mixed methods design to investigate the perceived self-efficacy of 145 Saudi teachers of English as a foreign language (EFL) when engaging in technology-assisted language learning (TALL). These teachers were evaluated on their technological knowledge on four subdimensions, on their pedagogical technology skills on five subcategories, and on five subdimensions related to their self-perceived ability to integrate TALL into English-language classrooms. The triangulated data were recursively collected in three consecutive phases. Self-efficacy was assessed using data obtained from a 48-item TALL survey and from classroom observations and interviews. Participants completed questionnaires on their self-perceived technological self-efficacy, 13 of whom were observed while teaching and subsequently participated in one-on-one interviews. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics of means and standard deviations and inferential statistics through one-way repeated-measures analysis of variances (RM ANOVA), along with some statistical tests and Stepwise regression. The data from the observed lessons were subjected to scrupulous and meticulous analysis, and the data from the interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and categorized. The findings culled from the survey, lesson observations, and interviews all revealed that Saudi EFL teachers have low self-efficacy in terms of language-learning technological knowledge, language-learning pedagogical technology skills, and ability to effectively integrate technology into EFL instruction. The implications emerging from this study center on the need to develop EFL teachers’ self-efficacy with technology to ensure that language-related digital tools in EFL instruction are used in the most effective pedagogical manner and to their full potential.
Codeswitching in Online Written Communication among Arabic English Bilinguals: A Sociolinguistic Perspective
Authors: Alsamhan Nada Saleh , Almutrafi Fatimah
Published: July 2022

This study aims to investigate the sociolinguistic functions of code-switching in tweets. It also examines the potential effects of two social variables, namely gender and education, as well as whether language choice relates to topic. The study adopts Myers-Scotton’s (1993) Markedness Model and Malik’s (1994) Model to analyze the data. The findings revealed that each code choice served different functions such as avoiding a lack of facility, addressing a different audience or showing users’ religious or cultural identity. Gender of twitter users showed significant effects on language choice, i.e., females preferred posting tweets completely in their native language whereas males preferred posting codeswitched tweets. Educational level, also, revealed some effects on language choice. Namely, tweets in the native language were posted more frequently by participants with below college education, while the combination of the bilingual’s two languages was utilized more often by those with high education. As for codeswitched tweets, participants with college education showed the highest preference for this code choice. Furthermore, Twitter users switched codes based on topic, e.g., Arabic-written tweets were frequently associated with religion-related hashtags whereas English-written tweets were associated with education-related topics. Social-related topics accounted for the highest number of codeswitched tweets. Overall, this study lends evidence to the view that online communication influences the choice of the language used.
The accuracy of Random Forest performance can be improved by conducting a feature selection with a balancing strategy
Authors: Prasetiyowati Maria Irmina , Maulidevi Nur Ulfa , Surendro Kridanto
Published: July 2022

One of the significant purposes of building a model is to increase its accuracy within a shorter timeframe through the feature selection process. It is carried out by determining the importance of available features in a dataset using Information Gain (IG). The process is used to calculate the amounts of information contained in features with high values selected to accelerate the performance of an algorithm. In selecting informative features, a threshold value (cut-off) is used by the Information Gain (IG). Therefore, this research aims to determine the time and accuracy-performance needed to improve feature selection by integrating IG, the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), and Synthetic Minor Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) methods. The feature selection model is then applied to the Random Forest, a tree-based machine learning algorithm with random feature selection. A total of eight datasets consisting of three balanced and five imbalanced datasets were used to conduct this research. Furthermore, the SMOTE found in the imbalance dataset was used to balance the data. The result showed that the feature selection using Information Gain, FFT, and SMOTE improved the performance accuracy of Random Forest.
Novel lncRNAs with diagnostic or prognostic value screened out from breast cancer via bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Wang Hongxian , Shu Lirong , Niu Nan , Zhao Chenyang , Lu Shuqi , Li Yanhua , Wang Huanyu , Liu Yao , Zou Tianhui , Zou Jiawei , Wu Xiaoqin , Wang Yun
Published: July 2022

Background

Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play key regulatory roles in many malignant tumors. This study investigated the use of novel lncRNA biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.

Materials and Methods

The database subsets of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) by RNA-seq for comparing analysis of tissue samples between breast cancer and normal control groups were downloaded. Additionally, anticoagulant peripheral blood samples were collected and used in this cohort study. The extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the plasma were extracted and sequenced, then analyzed to determine the expressive profiles of the lncRNAs, and the cancer-related differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened out. The expressive profiles and associated downstream-mRNAs were assessed using bioinformatics (such as weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) enrichments, Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and survival analysis, etc.) to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic values of these EV lncRNAs and their effectors.

Results

In this study, 41 breast cancer-related lncRNAs were screen out from two datasets of tissue and fresh collected plasma samples of breast cancer via the transcriptomic and bioinformatics techniques. A total of 19 gene modules were identified with WGCNA analysis, of which five modules were significantly correlated with the clinical stage of breast cancer, including 28 lncRNA candidates. The ROC curves of these lncRNAs revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of all candidates were great than 70%. However, eight lncRNAs had an AUC >70%, indicating that the combined one has a good diagnostic value. In addition, the results of survival analysis suggested that two lncRNAs with low expressive levels may indicate the poor prognosis of breast cancer. By tissue sample verification, C15orf54, AL157935.1, LINC01117, and SNHG3 were determined to have good diagnostic ability in breast cancer lesions, however, there was no significant difference in the plasma EVs of patients. Moreover, survival analysis data also showed that AL355974.2 may serve as an independent prognostic factor and as a protective factor.

Conclusion

A total of five lncRNAs found in this study could be developed as biomarkers for breast cancer patients, including four diagnostic markers (C15orf54, AL157935.1, LINC01117, and SNHG3) and a potential prognostic marker (AL355974.2).
Minimally invasive versus traditional inverted “L” approach for posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fractures: a retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Yao , Guo Huihui , Gao Liang , Liu Chang , Xu Xinzhong , Cheng Wendan
Published: July 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a minimally invasive arthroscopic approach and to compare it with the traditional inverted “L” approach for the treatment of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures.

Methods

From January 2016 to January 2020, the clinical data from patients with PCL avulsion fracture of the tibial insertion were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into two groups based on surgical approaches: minimally invasive approach group (n = 15) and traditional inverted “L” group (n = 15 cases). The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization time and complications were all recorded and compared between the two groups. The fracture healing time, knee range of motion (ROM), and residual relaxation degree were compared between the two groups after regular follow-up. The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores were used to assess knee joint function.

Results

There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, side, body mass index, cause of injury, Meyers McKeever classification and time from injury to operation (P > 0.05). The incision length and intraoperative bleeding in the minimally invasive group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in the traditional group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of operative time, fracture healing time, or residual relaxation (P > 0.05). The Lachman test and posterior drawer test were both negative, and there were no postoperative complications. The VAS pain score within 2 weeks and ROM within 4 weeks in the minimally invasive group were significantly better (P < 0.05) than those in the traditional inverted “L” approach group. The knee joint stability of both groups was good 12 months after surgery, and there were no significant differences in IKDC score, Lysholm score and ROM (P > 0.05) between the two groups.

Conclusion

The minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of PCL avulsion fractures provide adequate exposure without the surgical complications associated with traditional open surgical approaches. The procedure is safe, fast and minimally invasive, and does not need a long learning curve.
On the Axis of Representation and Surrender: The Relation Between the Portal and Mihrab in Usküdar Selimiye and Yıldız Hamidiye Mosques
Authors: ÇOPUR Hatice , GÖRÜR Muhammet
Published: July 2022

Sultan 3. Selim (1789-1807) tarafından inşa ettirilen Üsküdar Selimiye Camisi ve Sultan 2. Abdülhamid’in (1876-1909) inşa ettirdiği Yıldız Hamidiye Camisi’nin taçkapı ve mihraplarının plan, malzeme-teknik ve süsleme kompozisyonlarının
birbiriyle ilişkisi ile bunların oluşumunda rol alan yaptıran/patron, mimar/sanatçı ve sanat akımları vb. özelikler çalışmamızın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, taçkapı ve mihrabın dini ve ideolojik sembolizmleri ile patron ve
sanatçının, yapının içi ile dışı arasındaki uyumu ne derece gözettikleri hakkında da görüşler sunulmuştur. Osmanlı sanatı içinde taçkapı ve mihrap, kurgusal özellikleriyle ait oldukları yapıların inşa tarihleri, işlevleri, üslup
özellikleri ile sanatçı ve banilerin kimlikleri hatta ruh, inanç ve düşünce dünyası hakkında verileri bünyesinde barındıracak kadar önemli iki yapı elemanıdır. Bu bakımdan ikisinin aynı eksende ele alınması Osmanlı sanat tarihçiliği
için bir ilk olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Osmanlı dini mimarisini şekillendiren en önemli fiziksel ve simgesel unsurlardan biri olan mihrap ile gerek sivil gerekse dini mimaride yöneticinin ve monarşik yapının mimari aracılığıyla
dışa vurumu olan taçkapının Osmanlı sanatı ve mimarisi içindeki etkileşimlerinin önemi üzerinde de durulmuştur. Modernleşme dönemi Osmanlı mimarisi, Batılı barok, rokoko, ampir ve Doğu-Batı sentezli seçmeci sanat akımlarının ilk
elden yani yönetici tabakanın patronluğunda dönemin siyasi, ideolojik ve ekonomik çalkantıları içerisinde şekillenmiştir. Dolayısıyla bu döneme taçkapı-mihrap ekseninden bakabilmek, bize mimarideki tüm bu değişim ve hareketliliği
nesnel veriler ışığında görebilmemizi sağlayacaktır.
The Analysis of Duvernoy Op.176 Etude Book for Beginner’s Piano Education
Authors: ÖMÜR Özlem
Published: July 2022

Çalışmada, piyano eğitimi başlangıç düzeyinde kullanılan Jean Baptiste Duvernoy “Ecole primaire” (Elementary Studies), Op.176 etüt kitabının farklı kazanımlar açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel bir çalışma olan bu araştırmada,
literatür tarama ile birlikte betimsel analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Kitapta yer alan 25 etüt; içerdiği tonalite, ölçü birimi, hız terimleri, sağ ve sol el teknik kazanımlar, müzikal ifadeler ve müzik öğretmenliği lisans programı
kazanımları açısından incelenmiş, yapılan analiz sonucunda elde edilen veriler, yüzdelik dağılımları ile birlikte yedi kategoride sunulmuştur. Etütlerde en çok “Do Majör” tonu, 4/4’lük ölçü birimi kullanılmış, Allegro’dan daha
yüksek tempoya sahip bir hız terimine yer verilmemiştir. Sağ elde legato, sol elde ise çift ses ve legatonun etütlerde en çok kullanılan teknikler olduğu saptanmıştır. Müzikal ifadeler açısından ise en çok crescendo nüansı kullanılmıştır.
Etütlerin müzik öğretmenliği lisans programı kazanımlarına uygunluğu açısından bakıldığında, tüm etütlerde gürlük terimlerinin kullanıldığı, etütlerin, temel teknik kazanımları yüksek düzeyde sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen
bulgulara göre, etütlerde; temel tonaliteler ve ölçü birimlerinin dışına çıkılmadığı, hız terimi olarak, başlangıç düzeyine uygun, yüksek tempo içermeyen terimlerin seçildiği, teknik açıdan her iki elde en temel ve başlangıç düzeyi
için gerekli tekniklere yer verildiği, müzikal ifade olarak da yine en temel nüansların kullanıldığı ve etütlerin müzik öğretmenliği lisans programı kazanımlarına uygun olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
The Relationship Between Parental Attitudes and Digital Game Addiction Tendencies in Preschool Period
Authors: AKÜZÜM Cemal , BARAN Ebru BOĞA , ÇELEBİ Sema
Published: July 2022

Çocukluğun vazgeçilmez bir unsuru olan oyun, gelişen ve değişen zamana paralel olarak bazı dönüşümler yaşamaktadır. Özellikle dijitalleşme sürecinin hız kazanmasıyla beraber çocukların oyun oynama şeklinin ve oyun tercihlerinin de
farklılaştığı görülmektedir. Bu değişim ve dönüşüm sürecinde, özellikle erken çocukluk yıllarında, ebeveynlerin etkisi büyük rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çocuğu okul öncesi eğitime devam eden ebeveynlerin tutumları ile çocuklarının
dijital oyun bağımlılığı eğilimine yönelik görüşleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma için, Dicle Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Etik Kurulu Başkanlığından 28.09.2021 tarih ve 145353 sayılı Olur’u
ile Etik Kurul Onayı alınmıştır. Araştırma, ilişkisel tarama modelinde tasarlanmış nicel bir çalışmadır. Olasılıklı olmayan örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen, 4-6 yaş arası çocuğu olan 423 ebeveyn çalışmaya
dahil olmuştur. Katılımcılara, çalışma hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilerek gönüllü katılım onayı alındıktan sonra 20-30 dakika süren görüşmeler aracılığıyla veriler toplanmıştır. Veriler “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, “Ebeveyn Tutum
Ölçeği” ve “Dijital Oyun Bağımlılığı Eğilimi Ölçeği” aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; ebeveynlerin demokratik tutuma sahip olma düzeyi arttıkça dijital oyun
bağımlılığı eğiliminin azaldığı, anne-baba yaşı, öğrenim düzeyi, çocuk sayısı, çalışma durumu ve gelir düzeyinin ebeveyn tutumları üzerinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrenim düzeyi ve gelir düzeyinin dijital oyun bağımlılığı
üzerinde etkili birer değişken olduğu saptanmıştır.
Generations’ New Violence Experience in Risk Society: Digital Violence
Authors: OĞUZ ÖZGÜR Hatice , ÖZKUL Metin
Published: July 2022

Bu araştırmada, içinde yaşadığımız risk toplumu gerçekliğinden hareketle, dijital şiddet olgusu kuşaksal bağlamda incelenmiş ve betimsel sonuçlar ortaya konulmuştur. Bireylerin günlük yaşamlarında dijitalle olan yoğun ilişkileri sürecinde
herhangi bir zamanda dijital şiddete maruz kaldıkları, tanıklık ettikleri ya da dijital şiddet uyguladıkları varsayımından hareketle, bu olgunun sosyalleşmeyle olan ilişkisi araştırmanın odağıdır. Kuşaksal özelliklere bağlı olarak
bireylerin dijital şiddet deneyimlerinin farklılaştığı ön kabulüyle araştırma şekillendirilmiştir. Araştırmada kuşaksal sınıflar ve bazı demografik özellikler bağımsız değişken, dijital şiddet deneyimi ise bağımlı değişkendir.
Araştırma örneklemi, Türkiye’nin çeşitli illerinde yaşayan kotalı örnekleme yöntemiyle rastlantısal olarak seçilmiş ve araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılım sağlamış 18-95 yaşları arasındaki 500 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Kişilerin demografik
özellikleri, internet kullanım alışkanlıkları ve dijital şiddet deneyimleriyle ilgili verileri elde etmeye yönelik soruları içeren yapılandırılmış görüşme formuyla bulgular elde edilmiştir. Araştırma, benimsenen yöntem ve uygulanan
teknik bakımından nicel yöntem araştırmasıdır. Araştırmanın uygulama aşaması pandemi süreciyle kesiştiği için sağlık açısından riskli durumlara sebebiyet vermemek amacıyla görüşmelerin çoğunluğu çevrimiçi sahada gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Veriler normal bir dağılıma sahip olmadığı için değişkenlerin ilişkilerini anlamlandırmak için ki-kare testinden yararlanılmıştır. Süleymen Demirel Üniversitesi Üniversite Etik Kurulu 11.11.2020 tarihli ve 98/12 sayılı kararına
göre etik kurul izni alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda dijital şiddet deneyiminin, kuşaklara göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Z kuşağından Sessiz kuşağa doğru yaş ilerledikçe dijital şiddet deneyimi azalmaktadır. Ayrıca
dijital şiddet deneyiminin, cinsiyet, eğitim seviyesi, gelir durumu gibi değişkenlere göre anlamlı farklılık göstermezken, medeni duruma göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Reuse by Detaching From Vernacular Identity and Architecture: The Case of Zenginler District of Antioch
Authors: SÖKMEN KÖK Derya , UŞMA Gökhan
Published: July 2022

Çalışmada kent dokusunun yeniden kullanımında yerel kimlik ve mimarinin dışardan gelen müdahalelerle özgünlüğünden uzaklaştırılması kavramı ele alınmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, Antakya Zenginler Mahallesini oluşturan konut dokusunun
dönüşüm sürecinde somut ve somut olmayan mirasın bütüncül olarak ele alınmaması durumu değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sürecinde konuyla ilgili literatür taraması yapılmış, mevcut yapılar üzerinden saha çalışması yapılarak fotoğraf
ile belgeleme sağlanmış, bölgedeki dönüşüm durumu haritalanmıştır. İlgili kurumlardan kentsel sit alanı, koruma imar planı ve yapıların tescil durumları hakkında bilgi alınmıştır. Çok katmanlı Antakya kent dokusunu oluşturan kültür
varlıkları, özellikle sivil mimarlık eserleri, başta çağdaş donatıların eksikliği, değişen aile yapısı ve değişen yaşam şekli ile terk edilmiş ya da niteliksiz müdahalelere maruz kalmıştır. Yapılan alan çalışmasında, değişimin
doku içinde homojen bir dağılım göstermediği ve dokudan bağımsız olarak ilerlediği tespit edilmiştir. Bir koruma yöntemi olarak seçilen yeniden işlevlendirme uygulamalarında; sadece somut mirasın değil, somut olmayan kültür mirasının
da olumsuz yönde etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Tarihi kent ve kentsel alanlarda yapılacak müdahalelerde yapıların tek tek ele alınması yerine, üst ölçekten düşünülmesi gerekmektedir. Farklı disiplinlerden uzmanların (arkeolog,
mimar, psikolog, ekonomi uzmanı vb.) ve halkın katılımıyla bölgenin kentte nasıl bir misyon yükleneceğine dair planlar yapılması da önemlidir. Çağdaş yaşamın bütünleyici bir parçası olan tarihi çevreleri oluşturan geleneksel konut
dokusunun yeniden değerlendirilmesinde, somut ve somut olmayan değerlerin özgünlüğünün ön planda tutulması, yerli halka yarar sağlaması ve kullanıcının geleneksel dokuyu koruması konusunda bilinçlendirilmesi asıl hedef olmalıdır.
Systematic exploration of the underlying mechanism of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Kaidong , Geng Yiding , Wang Linzhu , Xu Huanhuan , Zou Min , Li Yawei , Zhao Zhangxiang , Chen Tingting , Xu Fengyan , Sun Liang , Wu Shuliang , Gu Yunyan
Published: July 2022

Resistance to gemcitabine is the main challenge of chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Hence, the development of a response signature to gemcitabine is essential for precision therapy of PDAC. However, existing quantitative signatures of gemcitabine are susceptible to batch effects and variations in sequencing platforms. Therefore, based on within‐sample relative expression ordering of pairwise genes, we developed a transcriptome‐based gemcitabine signature consisting of 28 gene pairs (28‐GPS) that could predict response to gemcitabine for PDAC at the individual level. The 28‐GPS was superior to previous quantitative signatures in terms of classification accuracy and prognostic performance. Resistant samples classified by 28‐GPS showed poorer overall survival, higher genomic instability, lower immune infiltration, higher metabolic level and higher‐fidelity DNA damage repair compared with sensitive samples. In addition, we found that gemcitabine combined with phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor may be an alternative treatment strategy for PDAC. Single‐cell analysis revealed that cancer cells in the same PDAC sample showed both the characteristics of sensitivity and resistance to gemcitabine, and the activation of the TGFβ signalling pathway could promote progression of PDAC. In brief, 28‐GPS could robustly determine whether PDAC is resistant or sensitive to gemcitabine, and may be an auxiliary tool for clinical treatment.
Genome‐Wide Polygenic Score Predicts Large Number of High Risk Individuals in Monogenic Undiagnosed Young Onset Parkinson's Disease Patients from India
Authors: Kukkle Prashanth Lingappa , Geetha Thenral S. , Chaudhary Ruchi , Sathirapongsasuti Jarupon F. , Goyal Vinay , Kandadai Rukmini Mridula , Kumar Hrishikesh , Borgohain Rupam , Mukherjee Adreesh , Oliver Merina , Sunil Meeta , Mootor Mohammed Faizal Eeman , Kapil Shruti , Mandloi Nitin , Wadia Pettarusp M. , Yadav Ravi , Desai Soaham , Kumar Niraj , Biswas Atanu , Pal Pramod Kumar , Muthane Uday B. , Das Shymal Kumar , Sakthivel Murugan Sakthivel M. , Peterson Andrew S. , Stawiski Eric W. , Seshagiri Somasekar , Gupta Ravi , Ramprasad Vedam L. , (PRAI) Parkinson Research Alliance of India
Published: July 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease with poorly defined environmental influences. Genomic studies of PD patients have identified disease‐relevant monogenic genes, rare variants of significance, and polygenic risk‐associated variants. In this study, whole genome sequencing data from 90 young onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD) individuals are analyzed for both monogenic and polygenic risk. The genetic variant analysis identifies pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in eight of the 90 individuals (8.8%). It includes large homozygous coding exon deletions in PRKN and SNV/InDels in VPS13C, PLA2G6, PINK1, SYNJ1, and GCH1. Eleven rare heterozygous GBA coding variants are also identified in 13 (14.4%) individuals. In 34 (56.6%) individuals, one or more variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in PD/PD‐relevant genes are observed. Though YOPD patients with a prioritized pathogenic variant show a low polygenic risk score (PRS), patients with prioritized VUS or no significant rare variants show an increased PRS odds ratio for PD. This study suggests that both significant rare variants and polygenic risk from common variants together may contribute to the genesis of PD. Further validation using a larger cohort of patients will confirm the interplay between monogenic and polygenic variants and their use in routine genetic PD diagnosis and risk assessment.
Visibly Transparent and Infrared Reflective Coatings for Personal Thermal Management and Thermal Camouflage
Authors: Woo Ho Kun , Zhou Kai , Kim Su‐Kyung , Manjarrez Adrian , Hoque Muhammad Jahidul , Seong Tae‐Yeon , Cai Lili
Published: July 2022

Tailoring thermal radiation using low‐infrared‐emissivity materials has drawn significant attention for diverse applications, such as passive radiative heating and thermal camouflage. However, the previously reported low‐infrared‐emissivity materials have the bottleneck of lacking independent control over visible optical properties. Here, a novel visibly transparent and infrared reflective (VTIR) coating by exploiting a nano‐mesh patterning strategy with an oxide–metal–oxide tri‐layer structure is reported. The VTIR coating shows simultaneously high transmittance in the visible region (>80% at 550 nm) and low emissivity in the mid‐infrared region (< 20% in 7–14 µm). The VTIR coating not only achieves a radiative heating effect of 6.6 °C for indoor conditions but also enables a synergetic effect with photothermal materials to keep human body warm at freezing temperatures for outdoor conditions, which is 10–15 °C warmer than normal cotton and Mylar film. Moreover, it demonstrates an excellent thermal camouflage effect at various temperatures (34–250 °C) and good compatibility with visible camouflage on the same object, making it ideal for both daytime and nighttime cloaking. With its unique and versatile spectral features, this novel VTIR design has great potential to make a significant impact on personal heat management and counter‐surveillance applications.
Artificial Intelligence‐Assisted High‐Throughput Screening of Printing Conditions of Hydrogel Architectures for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Chen Baiqi , Dong Jianpei , Ruelas Marina , Ye Xiangyi , He Jinxu , Yao Ruijie , Fu Yuqiu , Liu Ying , Hu Jingpeng , Wu Tianyu , Zhou Cuiping , Li Yan , Huang Lu , Zhang Yu Shrike , Zhou Jianhua
Published: July 2022

In 3D (bio)printing, it is critical to optimize the printing conditions to obtain scaffolds with designed structures and good uniformities. Traditional approaches for optimizing the parameters oftentimes rely on the prior knowledge of the operators and tedious optimization experiments, which can be both time‐consuming and labor‐intensive. Moreover, with the rapid increase in the types of biomaterial inks and the geometrical complexities of the scaffolds to be fabricated, such a traditional strategy may prove less effective. To address the challenge, an artificial intelligence‐assisted high‐throughput printing‐condition‐screening system (AI‐HTPCSS) is proposed, which is composed of a programmable pneumatic extrusion (bio)printer and an AI‐assisted image‐analysis algorithm. Based on the AI‐HTPCSS, the printing conditions for obtaining uniformly structured hydrogel architectures are screened in a high‐throughput manner. The results show that the scaffolds printed under the optimized conditions demonstrate satisfying mechanical properties, in vitro biological performances, and efficacy in accelerating the diabetic wound healing in vivo. The unique AI‐HTPCSS is expected to offer an enabling platform technology on streamlining the manufacturing of tissue‐engineering scaffolds through 3D (bio)printing techniques in the future.
Design of Self‐Powered Sensors with Excellent Thermal and UV–Light Detections by 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐0.06Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Kun , Zhang Hui , Meng Jingke , Chung Chia‐Chen , Gu Bing‐Ni , Liu Ming‐Jin , Zhang Ding , Zhong Ming , Liu Maocheng , Liu Na , Lin Chun‐Jung , Meng Cheng , Chueh Yu‐Lun
Published: July 2022

Ferroelectric materials provide a new pathway to convert thermal energy into electricity based on the pyroelectric effect. How to modulate the pyroelectric property of ferroelectric materials through UV–light is still an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Here, a self‐powered sensor is demonstrated based on 0.94(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3‐0.06Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 nanoparticles, exhibiting high output electric performance under temperature variation and UV–light illumination conditions. Compared with a purely pyroelectric system, the corresponding current peaks of “UV–light + heating” and “UV–light + cooling” states are 88.6% higher and 37.3% smaller in the coupled system. The fabricated pyroelectric system shows excellent performance with detection sensitivities of 0.9 (heating) and 1.48 nA K−1 (cooling) with 0.7 × 10−3 and 0.2 × 10−3 nA lux−1 illuminated by 395 nm UV–light as a temperature sensor. Furthermore, a self‐powered sensor that is suitable for detecting both UV–light and temperature variations by recording the output current signals are demonstrated, which provides a basis for the development of the next generation of UV–light‐modulated ferroelectric devices.
Biodegradable Polylactide Supraparticle Powders with Functional Additives for Biomedical Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Canziani Herbert , Hanschmann Benedikt , Tischer Florentin , Sommereyns Alexander , Distler Thomas , Schramm Jonas , Hesse Nicolas , Schmidt Jochen , Grünewald Alina , Detsch Rainer , Boccaccini Aldo , Maskos Michael , Schmidt Michael , Vogel Nicolas
Published: July 2022

Additive manufacturing, in particular powder bed‐based fabrication processes hold promise to revolutionize biomedical engineering for the ability to provide customized, functional implants, for example as bone replacement materials. However, providing functional powder particles that unify material requirements for biodegradable and bioactive biomaterials and process requirements to enable successful powder bed fusion remains an unmet challenge. Here, a supraparticle‐based approach to create biodegradable poly(lactic acid) and composite powders for the additive manufacturing of bone replacement materials is introduced. Colloidal binary Ca‐SiO2 glasses and hydroxyapatite are incorporated as bioactive functional additives to support the formation of bone‐like calcium phosphate. The supraparticle powders are prepared by a scalable spray‐drying process, which offers control of particle size, shape, and composition. All process‐relevant powder characteristics are analyzed as a function of composition and structure, including flowability, thermal, and melt rheological properties. The optimized supraparticle powders are successfully used in the process of laser powder bed fusion of polymers to prepare macroscopic specimens via additive manufacturing. It is demonstrated that the material combination of the composites provides relevant functional properties, including biodegradation and bioactivity. The process provides a flexible and adjustable toolbox for the design of functional powders toward biomedical additive manufacturing.
A Rechargeable K/Br Battery
Authors: Xia Maoting , Feng Yanhong , Wei Jumeng , Rao Apparao M. , Zhou Jiang , Lu Bingan
Published: July 2022

The current limited and uneven distribution of lithium resources has stimulated strong motivation to develop new rechargeable batteries that use alternative charge carriers. Potassium‐based batteries are promising candidates for future large‐scale energy storage due to their low cost and high operating voltage. Here for the first time, a rechargeable K/Br battery is reported, which is assembled with a hollow carbon spheres cathode, a K metal anode, and a SOBr2 electrolyte containing AlBr3 and potassium bis‐(fluorosulfonyl)imide. The in situ formed crystalline KBr protective film during discharging plays a significant role in this system. The redox reaction between the KBr film and liquid Br2 at the cathode contributes to the main reversible capacity. K/Br battery exhibits high capacity (up to 400 mAh g‐1) and constant operating voltage (at 3.72 V vs K+/K). As a proof of concept, the K/Br battery demonstrated in this work points to a new pathway for low‐cost and next‐generation rechargeable batteries.
Two‐Inch Wafer‐Scale Exfoliation of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Films Fabricated by RF‐Sputtering
Authors: Li Qiang , Wang Mingdi , Bai Yunhe , Zhang Qifan , Zhang Haoran , Tian Zhenhuan , Guo Yanan , Zhu Jingping , Liu Yuhuai , Yun Feng , Wang Tao , Hao Yue
Published: July 2022

A film stripping method that allows for liquid phase exfoliation assisted by spin coating polymethyl methacrylate has been investigated, resulting in a two‐inch hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) film to be fully stripped and then transferred. A number of key factors that can influence the stripping and the transferring process of the films grown by sputtering have been systematically analyzed, including different solutions, different concentration of solution and different thickness of films. The morphology and properties of the hBN films before and after stripping have been characterized. The band edge absorption peak of the transferred film is 229 nm and the corresponding optical band gap is 5.50 eV. Such transferred hBN films have been fabricated into transparent resistive switching devices on indium‐tin‐oxide glass, demonstrating a constant resistance window of ≈102 even under different applied voltages. This work systematically studies the stripping process, characterizes the transferred films, and explores the application in the field of resistance switching, which lay a foundation for the further application of hBN materials in optoelectronic devices.
Surface Redox Pseudocapacitance Boosting Vanadium Nitride for High‐Power and Ultra‐Stable Potassium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Xu Chengrong , Mu Jinglin , Zhou Tong , Tian Shuang , Gao Peibo , Yin Guangchao , Zhou Jin , Li Feng
Published: July 2022

Developing a high‐rate and stable battery‐type anode to match the capacitor‐type cathode is a critical issue for potassium ion capacitors (PICs). Surface‐redox pseudocapacitive materials can meet this demand due to their fast surface Faradaic reaction kinetics and superior structure stability during charging–discharging. Herein, a free‐standing anode by growing VN particle‐composed nanosheets on carbon fibers (VN@CFs) is developed. The VN@CFs is endowed with high reversible capacity of 245.8 mA h g–1 at 0.05 A g–1, high rate performance of 102.7 mA h g–1 at 6.0 A g–1, and long‐term stability. Based on the in situ XRD, ex situ XPS and TEM characterizations, and density functional theory calculations, it is proved that the potassium storage of VN derives from a surface‐redox pseudocapacitive mechanism between VN and K+, rather than an intercalation or conversion reaction. As expected, the as‐assembled PICs based on the VN@CFs anode show an ultrahigh power output of 10.9 kW kg–1 when keeping an energy density of 49.2 Wh kg–1 and excellent capacity retention of 86.8% after 15000 cycles.
Low‐Temperature Melting and Glass Formation of the Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ZIF‐62 and ZIF‐76 through Ionic Liquid Incorporation
Authors: Nozari Vahid , Smirnova Oksana , Tuffnell Joshua M. , Knebel Alexander , Bennett Thomas D. , Wondraczek Lothar
Published: July 2022

Hybrid glass formation offers a potential route for processing metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) in bulk shapes, however, only a small number of MOFs have proven to be meltable. For the non‐meltable zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF‐8, ionic liquid (IL) incorporation has recently been found to reduce the melting temperature to below the thermal decomposition temperature, thus, enabling the formation of IL@ZIF‐8 glasses. Here, the effect of IL incorporation on the enthalpic response of some zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) and other MOFs upon heating is reported. For ZIF‐62, ZIF‐67, ZIF‐76, and MIL‐68, the accessibility of the metal site and MOF porosity govern the meltability of IL@MOF composites. IL incorporation enables the formation of ZIF‐76 glasses, and significantly reduces the melting temperature of ZIF‐62 but does not seem to facilitate the melting of ZIF‐67 or MIL‐68 (before thermal decomposition). Although the thermal stability limit of the IL plays an important role in governing the melting window of the IL@MOF composite, by careful selection of the melting temperature, thermal decomposition and compositional changes upon melting can be avoided to a greater extent. IL incorporation seems to offer a more universal route for melting MOFs, but requires careful adaption to the specific MOF architecture.
Study of Metal–Dielectric Interface for Improving Electrical Properties and Reliability of DRAM Capacitor
Authors: Lim HanJin , Choi Jae Hyoung , Cho Gihee , Chang Jaewan , Kim Younsoo , Jung Hyung‐Suk , Shin Kyoung‐Sub , Seo Hyungtak , Jeon Hyeongtag
Published: July 2022

The interface between a dielectric thin film and a metal electrode is studied to improve reliability as well as electrical properties of the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitor in dynamic random‐access memory (DRAM) devices. The interfacial layers between a dielectric thin film and a metal electrode play important functional roles such as increasing the electrical barrier or preventing oxygen defects in high‐k dielectrics. By introducing an electrical barrier layer or a sacrificial layer at the metal–dielectric interface for engineering the electronic band, lattice, or dipole, various effects could be confirmed such as the conduction band offset (CBO), bandgap or mismatch modulation for controlling the dielectric loss depending on the AC frequency or leakage current of MIM capacitors. Upon the insertion of Al2O3 as an electrical barrier layer, CBO increased because of the band engineering. Further, upon the insertion of TiO2 as a sacrificial layer at the interface, CBO increased because of the dipole formation at the interface, attributed to the difference in electronegativity. Thus, a robust MIM capacitor for DRAM that maintains a low leakage current and has improved reliability which is realized using the proper combination of interfacial layers.
Quantization of Mode Shifts in Nanocavities Integrated with Atomically Thin Sheets
Authors: Fang Nan , Yamashita Daiki , Fujii Shun , Otsuka Keigo , Taniguchi Takashi , Watanabe Kenji , Nagashio Kosuke , Kato Yuichiro K.
Published: July 2022

The unique optical properties of 2D layered materials are attractive for achieving increased functionality in integrated photonics. Owing to the van der Waals nature, these materials are ideal for integrating with nanoscale photonic structures. Here a carefully designed air‐mode silicon photonic crystal nanobeam cavity for efficient control through 2D materials is reported. By systematically investigating various types and thicknesses of 2D materials, the authors are able to show that enhanced responsivity allows for giant shifts of the resonant wavelength. With atomically precise thickness over a macroscopic area, few‐layer flakes give rise to quantization of the mode shifts. The dielectric constant of the flakes is extracted and found to be independent of the layer number down to a monolayer. Flexible reconfiguration of a cavity is demonstrated by stacking and removing ultrathin flakes. With an unconventional cavity design, these results open up new possibilities for photonic devices integrated with 2D materials.