bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling building attributable risks from the built year: Results from Scottish Housing Condition Survey, 2009
Authors: Shiue Ivy , Bearman Nick
Published: July 2024

Housing conditions have a continuous impact on occupants. However, the source of the housing problems, in addition to the use of chemicals in relation to occupant health, is less understood. Therefore, this paper aims to study the relationship of indoor architectural engineering characteristics and housing built year in a country-wide and building-based setting. Data was analysed through the Scottish House Condition Survey, 2009 (n=4,298). This is, to date, the largest single housing research project in Scotland and the only national survey with a random sampling method to look at the physical condition of homes in Scotland and the living experience of occupants. Statistical analysis included chi-square test, logistic regression modelling and mathematical attributable risk estimation. Only 750 buildings (21.7 per cent) were built within 30 years (post 1982). Other older housing tended to have more condensation, mould, damp, disrepair, energy inefficiency, fails on safety and security, and unsatisfactory heating in the bathroom and kitchen. The greatest odds were observed in buildings that were built pre-1919. Unfit architectural engineering characteristics were identified in 21.4 per cent to 92.3 per cent of old housing, built 30 years ago (before 1982). Long-standing health problems caused by a variety of architectural features in old housing could be prevented if old housing stock was to be regenerated or renovated.
Small and medium enterprises: Analysing the cyber challenge
Authors: Riglietti Gianluca , Alcantara Patrick , Aguada Lucila
Published: July 2024

This paper seeks to understand how large organisations and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) deal with cyber incidents and how they try to mitigate their impact. In order to do this, the authors will conduct further research on the data from the BCI Cyber Resilience Report 2017. There will be a segmentation of the results according to organisational size, which will constitute the basis for the analysis. The aspects of cyber responses that will be examined include attack vectors, response time, financial impact, top management commitment and cyber resilience arrangements. The idea behind this study is that research on cyber security for SMEs is still limited and the data used in this paper can shed light on issues that professionals experience regularly.
How to survive in an era of lower office space demand , higher supply and shorter leases
Authors: Markowski Maciej
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 epidemic has brought with it dramatic changes in the commercial real estate industry. Many corporates decided to transit into hybrid working, allowing their staff to work remotely at least part of the week, which is likely to lead to lower demand for office space even in the mid and long term. This situation is exacerbated for office building landlords by the explosion in subleasing activity and is even tougher for retail space landlords, leading to a parallel increase in supply of office space. Adding to that the growing demand for higher flexibility from tenants and likely decrease in length of an average office lease, we see a perfect storm requiring office building landlords to take serious actions to remain relevant and succeed in the new market reality. Improving the safety of their buildings and perception of safety via better direct communication with building’s end users, providing more robust services and utilising technology to streamline operations and to enable more flexibility will be vital to landlords’ and asset managers’ success in the coming years. The likely increase in vacancy rates will not hit all office buildings equally; there will be winners and losers in the new reality. This situation can also become a catalyst for the whole industry to move from being a cost centre and become a value provider for tenants, enabling them to drive talent attraction and retention while keeping their workforce safe and informed.
The end of retail, the future of retail
Authors: Sevcik Thomas
Published: July 2024

For many years airports have enjoyed stable growth in retail revenues. But profound changes in demographics, a poorer middle class, as well as the rise of online retail will challenge this. It might be the end of ‘easy’ retail as we know it. What will a new world of retail look like?
Metamoney: Payments in the metaverse
Authors: Birch David G.W. , Richardson Victoria J.
Published: July 2024

This paper builds a structured model of the metaverse, the building blocks that are needed to make it useful for business — in other words, transactions — and the new services (and therefore new service opportunities) that it presents. The model brings together the virtual worlds where transactions can take place, the digital assets that will be exchanged in those transactions, and the digital identities of the owners of those assets. This underpins a comprehensive and practical model of the metaverse that helps to identify the key technologies that are required to turn it into a place for business as well as the service opportunities for organisations who are exploring metaverse business models. We use this model to explore the nature of payments in that environment and conclude by identifying digital wallets as the central organising principle in these new environments and set out our view that smart wallets operated by agents will be the crucial enabler.
US airports’ perspective on airlines’ fleet mix and its impact on capacity
Authors: Nussbaumer Hélène , Revels Mark
Published: July 2024

The 1978 airline deregulation contributed to an increase in air travel and a change in airlines’ route structure, which led carriers to modify their fleet mix to better match demand and capacity. Concurrently, airports have been experiencing increasing congestion and capacity issues. To curtail congestion, airports can add capacity or use their current capacity more efficiently and, while physical configuration influences airports’ capacity level, the impact of airlines’ fleet mix also proves critical. One strategy airports could use to improve capacity would be to regulate the types of aircraft flying to their location. They have, however, little to no control over airlines’ fleet mix. This research aims at understanding airports’ perspective on this issue and whether they have any interest, or see a need, to increase their level of control over airlines’ fleet mix to help improve their capacity challenges.
Principles for dealing with financial stability risks
Authors: Koschyk Hartmut
Published: July 2024

Financial crises and their associated risks pose a major challenge to governments, in particular to Ministries of Finance. In dealing with these risks, action is often characterised by critical international or European processes. However, considering the lessons learned over the last years, a case could be made for a public sector approach to dealing with the risk of financial crises that builds on five principles: (i) All relevant information should be available to the supervisory authorities; (ii) There needs to be macro-prudential oversight; (iii) Rules must be in place that ensure consistent incentives so that the market's natural allocation and monitoring roles achieve their full potential; (iv) The financial system should be sufficiently resilient; (v) Supervisory authorities should be sufficiently vigorous and closely cooperating. The ‘multi-layered’ nature of the approach is no substitute for quality in each layer, ie highest importance is assigned to ensuring quality in each layer.
Designing digital currency wallets for broad adoption
Authors: Scollan Becca , Darling Erika
Published: July 2024

For most citizens, the primary touch point for central bank digital currency (CBDC) transactions would be a digital currency wallet. A CBDC wallet may have attributes in common with a cryptocurrency wallet and others in common with a mobile payment wallet. If a CBDC is built on distributed ledger technology with token-based access, it would have even more in common with a cryptocurrency wallet than a mobile payment wallet. The unbanked population is increasingly using cryptocurrency wallets and mobile payment wallets. To promote broad adoption of a CBDC among populations currently underserved by the financial industry, governments will first need a greater understanding of the barriers to adoption. This paper examines the user-facing issues pertaining to access and financial inclusion, usability, security, privacy and interoperability, and identifies 11 key user-centred issues relating to the use of CBDC wallets, along with recommendations to address these issues. By adopting these recommendations, a CBDC wallet would better meet the needs of populations underserved by the traditional financial system.
The unique and complex considerations of digital asset custody
Authors: Walker Richard , Massey Rob , Steele Amy , Welmans Tyler , Robinson Michelle , Mourtil Elana , Marzelli Michael , Strauss Linards , Calaquian Pamela , Schulhof Ken
Published: July 2024

Digital assets as an asset class has matured with increasing rates of adoption among retail and institutional investors. As custodians engage, they are facing unique complexities across many regulatory bodies, new varieties of audit and controls considerations and evolving risk frameworks. There are also opportunities for custodians to add new services, such as lending, staking and trading. Per Deloitte’s 2020 Blockchain Survey, 94 per cent of banking and capital markets executives said that they believe that digital assets will be at least somewhat important in the next three years. This paper explores various considerations for custodians of digital assets as explained from the various leaders within Deloitte’s digital asset practice.
Business continuity and supply chain management: How to manage logistical operations in the event of an interruption or emergency
Authors: Skelton Phil
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to help the manufacturer or retailer to fully understand the parties involved within the supply chain, the risks to which the supply chain can be subjected, and the disruption these risks can cause. The ideas suggested for business continuity planning are based upon knowledge of the risks through communication and audit, management of accumulations and the ability to reroute goods using existing relationships with forwarders and carriers. The ideas discussed are based upon work with a number of different clients. The advantage of planning for this type of risk is that by its nature the supply chain is flexible and can be viewed as a number of floating warehouses which can be diverted to supply markets on demand.
Research data management: An approach from a modern university with a growing research portfolio
Authors: Fitt Alistair , Rouse Rowena , Taylor Sarah
Published: July 2024

This practice paper describes the background work undertaken by Oxford Brookes University in assessing how best to position institutional support for research data management. It further discusses the development of the University’s research data management policy and its collaborative approach to data management support. Finally, it reflects on the challenges of overseeing policy implementation and providing the required enactment infrastructure. Work to date has not dwelt upon the technical issues connected with data curation, discussions on which staff are just about to embark, as they had no expertise in this area. The approach that has been taken is one that will hopefully be of interest to those institutions who are developing their research base and seeking to offer better data management support to researchers in a time of reduced or declining resource. Overall, it is felt that the strategic and institution-wide approach that has been taken has worked well and may be suited to institutions like Oxford Brookes that are less research-intensive. Finally, it is felt that this approach is one that can readily be copied.
The widening FCPA dragnet: The increasing pursuit of individuals and foreign persons and expansive use of legal theories
Authors: Low Lucinda A. , Bonheimer Owen
Published: July 2024

Foreign issuers, subsidiaries, and individuals increasingly are targets of US Foreign Corrupt Practice Act (FCPA) investigations and enforcement. US authorities are using expansive jurisdictional theories in cases with only minimal connections to the USA. Prosecution of individuals is now a long-term enforcement priority. For example, US authorities brought more defendants to trial in FCPA cases in 2009 than in the preceding five years combined, and obtained convictions on at least some counts in each trial. Several recent cases also reflect expansive interpretations of anti-corruption standards and related provisions of US law. US authorities are regularly asserting violations of the accounting provisions or ancillary statutes, even when the elements of an anti-bribery offence are not present. As a result, the extraterritorial reach of the FCPA and related laws continues to grow. This trend, coupled with new whistleblower bounty provisions and other enforcement initiatives, make it as important as ever that companies operating outside the USA adopt and fully implement effective compliance programmes.
Risk distortions created by liquidity glut: Watchpoint for structured note backers
Authors: Wise Richard
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the risk implications of persistently low volatility across capital markets. While a combination of globalised market efficiencies and an abundance of excess liquidity have worked to suppress volatility in recent years, investors' requirement for yield in this low volatility environment is resulting in an overhang of residual and correlated risk in the marginal part of risk distribution. The paper concludes that as existing metrics continue to be focused on localised, volatility-based measures of riskiness, this overhang remains dangerously opaque.
The role of user autonomy in branding on social networking sites: A perspective of self-determination theory
Authors: Wei Yujie , Donthu Naveen , Yu Chunling
Published: July 2024

Current social networking sites (SNSs) use a top-down or controlled system that does not allow users to choose the brand advertisements that appear on their personal pages. This mode of advertising is likely to be the chief contributor to low advertising effectiveness, low consumer–brand interaction, and low consumer engagement. Drawing on self-determination theory, this research investigates the role of consumer autonomy in branding on SNSs, specifically the influence of an autonomy-supportive platform on SNS satisfaction, advertisement evaluation and consumer attitude toward the brand advertised on the SNS. Two studies test the hypotheses regarding the main effect of the autonomy-supportive approach on the dependent variables, the mediation effects of three motives (perceived SNS autonomy, competence and relatedness), and the moderating effect of autonomy personality. The findings suggest that an autonomy-supportive platform meets consumers’ intrinsic needs for self-determination, leading to satisfaction with the SNS, improved advertisement evaluation and more positive attitudes toward the advertised brand. The results also confirm the mediation effects of the three motives and the moderating effect of consumer autonomy personality. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
How to access your Board/C-suite and make an effective case for business continuity investments
Authors: Kite Christine S. , Zucca Gino S.
Published: July 2024

With the board of directors on side, the world of business resiliency can take shape as an enabler of shareholder value, and will win over the resources necessary to implement a successful continuity operation. Without senior support, it may be an uphill battle to get the time and attention needed from various groups within an organisation. The right attitude and approach can have everything to do with future success. Delivering results and demonstrating an association with shareholder value will provide a platform to justify and even increase the investment in continuity-related activities. This will enable the development of a deep and lasting relationship with business partners and at the same time empower a drive of accountability throughout the organisation. Once progress is underway, it is important to test what has been developed. And, in case all else fails, it is critical to have established contingency plans through a well-formulated crisis management strategy. This may not only get a company out of a serious bind, but may also regenerate interest in exploring the resources and support needed to ensure successful continuity for the organisation.
Strengthening US financial institutions' sanctions compliance through better data and continuous monitoring
Authors: Dinkins Jim
Published: July 2024

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, and the subsequent slew of sanctions imposed by the United States (USA), European Union (EU) and other lawmaking bodies, illustrated current challenges in financial institutions' sanctions compliance programmes. These challenges evolve as economies continue to become more intertwined and sanctions continue to be imposed at a global scale. New sanctions regimes, evolving regulations, increased transactional volumes and rapidly changing geopolitical situations create a complex regulating environment to operate in and comply with. The challenges of this complex regulating environment fall into three broad categories: the global reach of sanctions when large multi-state bodies like the EU or United Nations (UN) impose them and when the target is a large economy with vital economic relationships with many other countries; the timing of various sanctions (eg when the EU imposes sanctions, then an individual European country imposes separate sanctions and then various countries begin adding individuals or entities `ad hoc` to their sanctions); and identity resolution in terms of the sanctioned entities and individuals. These challenges are a major complication for financial institutions since getting compliance wrong could lead to heavy fines and even criminal prosecution.1 This paper will illustrate the global issues with sanctions programmes that were acutely revealed when governments enacted large and unprecedented sanctions on the 11th largest economy in the world, how the current approach to sanctions compliance is inadequate to address such a complex and ever-changing sanctions environment, and, finally, how to strengthen sanctions compliance and manage risk with better data, proactive network building, continuous monitoring and adverse media screening.
Get it together, together: Creating whole community continuity through cross-sector collaboration in Texas
Authors: Hernandez Heather , Hyman Shelby , Vollbrecht Stephen
Published: July 2024

Continuity of operations for government is an evolving philosophy, much like exercises and after-action reports. Continuity continues to identify areas for growth and improvement as more people become involved in the conversation. This paper briefly describes the evolution of continuity in the USA and its application in the State of Texas. Moving forward, it discusses the application of the concept of ‘whole community continuity’ as the driving force of the Continuity Council in Texas, which focuses on preparedness at all levels, from individuals to private industry, to all levels of government.
Organisational futureproofing in a post COVID-19 era
Authors: Perino Chelsea
Published: July 2024

This paper is concerned with how our organisational attitudes about workspace have been — and will continue to be — affected by public and organisational policies that dictate how and where we work, and most recently, those pertaining specifically to the COVID-19 pandemic. We begin by identifying the flexible workplace model as a site of important organisational dynamics concerning people’s dialectically tensional needs for physical convergence (being physically situated with others) and divergence (being individually sequestered). By considering industry research about organisations’ and individuals’ attitudes about and uses of space, we realise that organisational challenges pertaining to spatial design, collaboration and communication technologies can be overcome by a holistic strategy that combines an understanding of these elements and their relationship to one another. In addition, we can identify the tensions between building business resilience through efficiency planning, ensuring quality employee experience, and their relationship with productivity and profitability. These insights are relevant to organisational ‘futureproofing’ strategies. The defining characteristic of work in the post-COVID-19 era will be the importance of choice. Leaders’ sensitivity to how their people work best will be key to organisations’ futureproofing strategies, simultaneously creating cost-saving opportunities and increasing employee satisfaction.
An application programming interface model for open banking ecosystems
Authors: Farrow Gary S.D.
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes a model for an open banking application programming interface (API) ecosystem that supports the expansion of open banking APIs beyond the regulatory minimum. The paper uses specific banking business scenarios as candidates to drive the requirements for a broader set of open banking services. Using the API model framework, specific examples of ‘value-add’ services are identified to support the scenarios. Future market constructs and associated APIs needed to support a burgeoning ecosystem are proposed and elaborated. Barriers to their development and the realisation of a fully functioning open banking ecosystem are also discussed.
Leveraging business continuity management for climate-related financial reporting
Authors: Doering Diane
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses how the experience and skill set developed within the field of business continuity management (BCM) provide a strong base from which organisations can leverage value in areas not traditionally considered within the remit of BCM. In particular, the paper examines the topic of climate-related financial disclosure, an important area that is gaining traction with investors and therefore senior executives too. Although, in itself, it is not an incident or event, this new area of focus has the potential to impact a company’s ability to thrive and prosper. This paper will discuss how the recommendations of the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure strengthen an organisation’s business continuity programme strategy, as well as sustainability objectives, by enabling executive-level conversations about the organisation’s operational and financial resilience, as well as actions with a positive outcome for the environment that will lead to competitive advantage. This paper argues that by facilitating these discussions, BCM helps to establish organisational priorities and develop specific action plans that can be validated through exercising.
Assessing cybersecurity risks and practices in the broker-dealer industry
Authors: Trottman-Adewumi Yolanda , Kelley David , Smuglin Len , Markovich Gregory
Published: July 2024

Cyber-attacks impacting the broker-dealer industry are increasingly common, causing greater financial losses and damage than ever before. Firms are employing a broad range of practices to defend against and mitigate these cybersecurity risks. This paper examines the cybersecurity risks faced by broker-dealers and common cybersecurity practices at broker-dealers. The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) is a US-based self-regulatory organisation (SRO) for broker-dealers with the dual mission of investor protection and market integrity. Pursuant to its mission, FINRA continues to emphasise the importance of broker-dealers understanding how to identify cyber risks and the actions necessary to safeguard their systems, data and operations to mitigate the risk of cybersecurity attacks and breaches and to protect their customers. Sources include information obtained or observed during FINRA examinations, enforcement cases, customer complaints and firm self-reported cyber events.
One way to better cyber resilience in the financial sector: The Danish approach
Authors: Thomsen René , Kaas-Jacobsen Gustav
Published: July 2024

The increasing cyberthreat facing Denmark and, in particular, the Danish financial sector and its critical infrastructure requires action in order to ensure the country’s financial stability. As a result, the Danish Central Bank (Danmarks Nationalbank) has taken a number of initiatives in order to increase the overall cyber resilience of the Danish financial sector. Most of these initiatives have been carried out by the Financial Sectorforum for Operational Robustness (FSOR) which Danmarks Nationalbank established in 2016. The forum — consisting of the key players in the Danish financial sector — has produced several results: a crisis management setup has been established and tested; a comprehensive mapping and risk analysis on the critical infrastructure has been carried out; several initiatives on knowledge sharing have been completed; and recently, an agreement has been reached on establishing a Danish intel-led red-team test programme to carry out red-team testing in the coming years for the most critical financial institutions. While the results are, of course, the most visible evidence of the work of FSOR, it is also interesting to note both the preconditions and the processes which led to the results, as this might inspire similar efforts in other countries. The preconditions include a description of the public/private partnership model with a voluntary but obligating participation in FSOR. The paper also shares the authors’ knowledge and experiences in FSOR with sections on ‘lessons learned’.
The impact of the Revised Payment Services Directive on the market for payment initiation services
Authors: Yawe Bruno Lule , Mukisa Ibrahim
Published: July 2024

The Revised Payment Services Directive (PSD2) was adopted to stimulate the development of an integrated internal market for payment services. This paper describes the impact of PSD2 on online payments by documenting the impact of PSD2 on the market for payment initiation services, both now and into the future. PSD2 has formalised the relationship between banks and FinTechs by establishing open banking, thereby providing open access to customer account data and payments infrastructure. The general response of Europe’s bankers to PSD2 is one of uncertainty. While there is considerable uncertainty about both the gravity and timing of the threats to emerge under PSD2, the new regulation opens highly attractive opportunities for established payments organisations.
Planning for the Leicester City Football Club victory parade
Authors: Halse Martin
Published: July 2024

This paper details the multiagency planning for and delivery of the Leicester City Football Club victory parade at the end of the 2015/16 football season to celebrate the team winning the Barclays Premier League. This is compared and contrasted with the planning and delivery of the reinterment of the mortal remains of King Richard III, which took place in Leicester a little more than 12 months prior. Both events were unprecedentedly high-profile for a comparatively small city and the routes involved had much in common. However, the amount of time to plan each event differed greatly: approximately 18 months for the reinterment and just five weeks for the victory parade. The events were largely un-ticketed but with very different crowd profiles. This paper describes the background to both events; their context and setting; the structure of the planning groups; contingency planning considerations and implementation; pre-event exercises; command, control and coordination arrangements; business continuity issues; communications and lessons learned.
Multi-channel attribution and its role in marketing investment
Authors: Necsulescu Nick M.
Published: July 2024

Multi-channel attribution is the process of understanding
and assigning credit to digital and non-digital channels and
tactics, which eventually lead to conversions and sales. This paper
provides a comprehensive view into what multi-channel attribution
is, including specific models. It will explore a real-life example
of attribution modelling and explain how to link digital
interactions to offline conversions. It will then outline how to
improve cost per acquisition by focusing on the most valuable
channels and tactics to the business.
Web 2.0 marketing: The need for a new research agenda for social marketing
Authors: Dooley Jennifer , Jones Sandra C. , Iverson Don
Published: July 2024

Web 2.0 new media channels have demonstrated significant growth since their inception and there is a need to consider the full range of their impact on the field of health-related social marketing. This paper presents a framework to guide the development of a Web 2.0 research agenda specific to health-related behaviour change. It begins by identifying and exploring Web 2.0 growth and adoption generally (natural history and theoretical frameworks). The authors then explore how Web 2.0 growth and adoption have resulted in Web 2.0 individual impacts (both risks and benefits). Finally, the paper outlines the implications of Web 2.0 growth, Web 2.0 impacts and Web 2.0 individual impacts on the field of health-related social marketing. Key areas examined for health-related social marketing include: acceptance and utilisation, integration of campaign principles, uses of the terminology, and campaign best practices. Emerging research questions are proposed under each research category. The findings will be useful to practitioners and researchers studying new media channels to facilitate health-related behaviour change.
Barriers to successful change management
Authors: Bassi Darshi , Shinde Archana
Published: July 2024

Change management plays a crucial role in an organisation’s ability to adapt and thrive in today’s ever-evolving and fast-changing technologically enabled business landscape. Many organisations continue to struggle with effective change management, resulting in failed projects and missed opportunities for growth and development. This paper analyses the reasons why organisations frequently falter in change management efforts and provides insights into overcoming these barriers. The paper identifies a host of significant barriers to effective and successful change management. Each barrier is discussed in detail, explaining the negative effect it can have on change initiatives. Among these barriers are the lack of change management role accountability, a culture where change management is not embraced at all levels, a lack of change champions and leadership support, resistance to change, limited employee involvement, inadequate and poorly designed communications and a failure to properly integrate change management with other complementary approaches. The paper provides practical recommendations to overcome these barriers. It emphasises the crucial role of leadership in championing the change, communicating the vision and actively involving employees in the change process. It underscores the importance of a well-crafted, clear and consistent communication that can help build trust, ensure buy-in and reduce resistance. The paper also highlights the need for robust integration of change management with other complementary approaches. Furthermore, the paper underscores the significance of a centralised change management approach, incorporating tools, best practices and standardised change management practices, and setting realistic expectations to sustain change efforts over time. It stresses the need for organisations to provide the necessary resources, authority and support to staff to effectively fulfil their change management roles. In conclusion, this paper provides insights into overcoming the main barriers to successful change implementation. By implementing the suggested strategies, organisations can enhance their change management capabilities and increase their adaptability, thereby ensuring long-term success in a rapidly changing business landscape.
Compliance redefined: Using GenAI to navigate a complex regulatory landscape with reduced risks and costs
Authors: Liu Irene , Wongsosaputro Michael
Published: July 2024

In recent times, generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as the next frontier in artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities. With its ability to create original content from training data sets, it is expected to significantly influence the way we work. A number of banks have already started experimenting with GenAI on use cases ranging from content creation and personalised customer marketing to fraud and financial crime detection. Yet as rapidly as technologies such as GenAI have arisen, so have the regulatory demands faced by the financial services sector, which have become more complex and voluminous in the face of increasing types of risks. Financial institutions are seeking ways to achieve efficiency gains from their reporting processes to combat such risks and the rising costs of reporting. This paper proposes that GenAI is a potential answer to financial institutions’ quandary. The recommendations proposed support the notion that GenAI is able to help financial institutions reap cost savings and resolve some of the common challenges of regulatory reporting, such as data quality. Furthermore, GenAI could also transform regulatory reporting as we know it, through its visualisation capabilities and real-time monitoring. The paper concludes with a view of industry initiatives on GenAI and regulatory reporting and considerations for moving the landscape forward.
Building enterprise-wide resilience by integrating business continuity capability into day-to-day business culture and technology
Authors: Alesi Patrick
Published: July 2024

This paper follows the development of the business continuity planning (BCP) programme at Lehman Brothers following the events of September 11th. Previous attempts to implement a `traditional' form of BCP had been ineffective, but following the events, the firm began to look at BCP in a new light. This paper deals with three main themes: creating a culture of resiliency, leveraging technology, and building flexible plans. Distributing accountability for BCP to business line managers, integrating BCP change management into the normal course of business, and providing every employee with personalised BCP information breeds a culture of resiliency where people are empowered to react to events without burdensome, hierarchical response and recovery procedures. Building a strong relationship with one's application development community can result in novel, customised BCP solutions; existing systems and data structures can be used to enhance an existing BCP. Even the best plans are often challenged by events; understanding that flexibility is essential to effective incident response is a critical element in the development of a proper business continuity plan.
Peculiarities of processing children's personal data in mobile applications and games
Authors: Sigua Salome
Published: July 2024

Children and young people are often at the forefront of grasping the new and exciting opportunities the Internet can offer such as playing, communicating, experimenting with relationships and identities, learning, creating and expressing themselves. It is estimated that globally one in three of Internet users are under the age of 18. This paper examines how online platforms (Meta, Google, TikTok, etc.) protect children's personal data and how they determine whether consent is given by the correct person and whether the consent can be used as the lawful ground for processing personal data. This paper also observes the role of a parent or guardian in the giving of consent regarding the processing of a child's personal data. The paper will examine questions such as what is the digital age, what is the General Data Protection Regulation regarding the protection of children's personal data and what are the examples of European countries in this regard?
Evolution of the Romanian post-trade environment: Embracing the new European post-trade realities
Authors: Tanasoiu Adriana
Published: July 2024

This paper focuses on how Depozitarul Central, the Romanian Central Securities Depository (CSD), is preparing to face the challenges, and benefit, from the opportunities of the new European post-trade reality. Depozitarul Central evolved from a product-delivery to a client-focused organisation. It deployed the most advanced regulations and technology, including SWIFT. The organisation offers choice between omnibus and beneficial owner accounts and provides innovative solutions to its domestic and global clients, acting as a gateway to efficient settlement and asset servicing in 18 foreign markets, in addition to the domestic market. All the links support free of payment (FoP), as well as delivery versus payment (DvP) settlements in 11 currencies. Depozitarul Central developed borrowing and lending services, based on the Global Master Securities Lending Agreement, including collateral management facilities. It is a pioneer in TARGET2 Securities and is part of the first group of depositories that will use this state-of-the-art pan-European settlement platform. Today the organisation is one of the leading CSDs in Central and Eastern Europe and continues to be a pioneer of securities services developments by working with its local and remote clients and providing them with efficient and seamless access and solutions for the future European environment.
Overcoming the barriers of the assisted living market: Developing successful marketing campaigns to connect with an over-50s audience
Authors: King Helena
Published: July 2024

Despite being overlooked in the past, brands are waking up to the fact that the over-50s is one of the most affluent consumer groups. This paper examines the diversity of this age group, examining the best way to reach an over 50s audience and looking at what barriers need to be overcome in order to meet their needs. Drawing on research and insight from its own social enterprise, Age UK proposes ways in which the manufacturer can take into account the entire customer journey to ensure a brand proposition which is naturally accessible to those in later life.
Risk management in a low-yield environment: Consequences of the financial crisis
Authors: Lehmann Axel P. , Huber Carin
Published: July 2024

While the climax of the financial crisis is already five years ago, the financial industry, but also governments and economies, are still struggling with its consequences. This paper highlights the lessons learned from the financial crisis from an insurance industry's perspective and elaborates its implication for risk management to cope with the challenges ahead. Particularly, the ongoing ultra-low yield environment presents some challenges for companies, savers and pensioners, investors, and insurers.
In the eye of the beholder: Regulatory versus industry risk perception
Authors: Burns Meghan E. , Kenett Dror Y. , Sokobin Jonathan S.
Published: July 2024

Is the perception of risk, as outlined and defined by the regulatory and supervisory community, shared by private financial institutions? In this paper, we identify risk themes present in the public disclosures of key financial organisations and discuss similarities and differences. We find that for established (traditional) risk themes, there is relatively greater consensus between regulators and industry participants. For emerging risk themes, however, we find a divergence in perspectives between industry and regulators and, at times, even within each group. We discuss this spectrum of risk perspectives as well as approaches to mitigate the resulting ‘risk gap’ between the regulators and the industry.
India’s transforming post-pandemic workplace : The emerging role of the hybrid work model
Authors: Ramani Amit
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the dynamic transformations taking place in the workplace sphere and the inevitable rise of a new workplace model — a combination of in-office work and work-fromhome as well as near-home. The years 2020 and 2021 saw many companies transitioning to a remote work culture during the COVID-19 pandemic, but now organisations are reconsidering their office strategies for the future. In the post-pandemic era, corporates are looking for an innovative solution that would help them seamlessly combine office work efficiency with the safety and convenience of their resilient workforce. The paper aims to put the spotlight on the factors that have the paved the way for a hybrid approach to work and the implications of this structure on Indian commercial real estate. Developments in technologies and consumer behaviour have led many companies across the globe to gravitate towards an entirely new way of working, because workplaces have evolved from a destination where people work to a vibrant space that fosters collaboration, talent and engagement. Employees are in favour of the flexibility they experienced while working remotely for a year and a half and organisations need to take this very important need into account or risk losing valuable talent to competition.
Human–machine collaboration in transcription
Authors: Miller Corey , Jetté Migüel , Kokotov Dan
Published: July 2024

As automatic speech recognition (ASR) has improved, it has become a viable tool for content transcription. Prior to the use of ASR for this task, content transcription was achieved through human effort alone. Despite improvements, ASR performance is as yet imperfect, especially in more challenging conditions (eg multiple speakers, noise, nonstandard accents). Given this, a promising way forward is a human-in-the-loop (HIL) approach. This contribution describes our work with HIL ASR on the transcription task. Traditionally, ASR performance has been measured using word error rate (WER). This measure may not be sufficient to describe the full set of errors that a speech-to-text (STT) pipeline designed for transcription can make, such as those involving capitalisation, punctuation, and inverse text normalisation (ITN). It is therefore the case that improved WER does not always lead to increased productivity, and the inclusion of ASR in HIL may adversely affect productivity if it contains too many errors. Rev.com provides a convenient laboratory to explore these questions. Originally, the company provided transcriptions of audio and video content executed solely by humans (known as Revvers). More recently, ASR was introduced in an HIL workflow where Revvers postedited an ASR first draft. We provide an analysis of the interaction between metrics of ASR accuracy and the productivity of our 72,000+ Revvers transcribing more than 15,000 hours of media every week. To do this, we utilise two measures of transcriptionist productivity: transcriber real time factor (RTF) and words per minute (WPM). Through our work, we hope to focus attention on the human productivity and quality of experience (QoE) aspects of improvements in ASR and related technologies. Given the broad scope of content transcription applications and the still elusive objective of perfect machine performance, keeping the human in the loop in both practice and mind is critical. This paper provides an overview of human and machine transcription and Rev’s marketplace, followed by an analysis of the relationship between ASR accuracy and transcriptionist productivity, and concludes with suggestions for future work.
The state of the multicultural marketing and advertising in the USA
Authors: Leslie Neleen S.
Published: July 2024

This state-of-the-art paper examines multicultural marketing research and practice through reflective lens, in an effort to trace the evolution of marketing to multicultural audiences in the American context. It also seeks to identify gaps in current research and discusses the role academia can play in advancing the field of multicultural marketing and broadening our understanding of multicultural consumer behaviour in America.
Intelligent airports and data: The legal impact of new IT at airports
Authors: Baird Stephen
Published: July 2024

This paper is intended as a starting point for policy makers considering the strategic, legal and security issues created in the areas of new passenger data, wireless networking and common-use information technology (IT) equipment at airports. It recommends that airports be mindful of various practical legal solutions and protective measures from the outset, because new IT systems can give rise to complex legal issues that will influence day-to-day operations. In many areas new IT is changing how airports operate and data flows between stakeholders are more important than ever. Airport managers must understand the opportunities and also the risks created by the new technologies. Issues, once identified, can be addressed by airports taking measures internally, and in airport supplier and partner contracts.
Esport sponsorship: Practitioners’ perspectives on emerging trends
Authors: Finch David J. , Abeza Gashaw , O’Reilly Norm , Mikkelson Anthony
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to explore emerging trends in Esport sponsorship from the perspective of the industry’s practitioners. A series of expert interviews were conducted with two expert groups in the Simulated Professional Sports (SPS) genre of the Esport industry: property executive and sponsorship executives. Findings outline six emerging trends in Esport sponsorship: the generational challenge, the SPS community’s bond, converging SPS digital assets and sponsorship, authenticity and SPS sponsorship, endemic and non-endemic sponsorship, and the potential of Esport athletes. Theoretical and practical implications as well as suggestions for future research are provided.
Reducing risk and costs in cross-border securities transactions: Are Hague and UNIDROIT missing pieces in the puzzle?
Authors: Devonport Kirsty , Turing Dermot
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses two of the initiatives that have been embarked upon in an attempt to address the various concerns about legal certainty in today's dematerialised and intermediated securities markets: the Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Certain Rights and the UNIDROIT draft Convention on Substantive Rules Regarding Intermediated Securities. The paper explores the development of these proposals, and looks at their likely acceptability to the market and their usefulness to practitioners. While political forces may determine whether or not the Hague and UNIDROIT conventions are necessary pieces of the puzzle in achieving legal certainty in the cross-border securities market, some solutions are needed if the cost of cross-border securities holding and settlement is to come down.
Combining non-constant weights with historical simulation VaR
Authors: Rebonato Riccardo , Shanbhogue Vasant
Published: July 2024

This paper shows how the historical simulation method can be extended to deal with a time series that displays different importance weights. The method is shown to be particularly useful in dealing with seasonality. It builds on the work by Hull and White (1998) about volatility rescaling, and it demonstrates some subtle points that arise in the presence of non-constant weights across time series.
Putting your purpose into practice: Why introspection is essential for building a successful brand
Authors: Bailey Christopher K. , Selle Susan S.
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses how brands must identify, embrace and act in accordance with a carefully considered purpose across all internal and external touchpoints. Generational factors have contributed to sweeping changes in the corporate ecosystem, and it is only through individual and holistic understanding of an organisation’s purpose that businesses are able to remain competitive and relevant. By aligning the entire enterprise to advance a shared vision for the future, companies can realise tangible results today and best position themselves for future success in today’s crowded, consumer-driven marketplace.