bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Fig. 2 from Discovery and Targeting of a Noncanonical Mechanism of Sarcoma Resistance to ADI-PEG20 Mediated by the Microenvironment
Authors: Rogers Leonard C. , Kremer Jeff C. , Brashears Caitlyn B. , Lin Zongtao , Hu Zhixian , Bastos Alliny C.S. , Baker Adriana , Fettig Nicole , Zhou Dong , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Dehner Carina A. , Chrisinger John S.A. , Bomalaski John S. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Oyama Toshinao , White Eileen P. , Van Tine Brian A.
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Figure 2. ASS1 expression in spontaneous murine sarcoma cell lines and growth of Ass1 KO tumors in vivo.
Supplementary Fig. 1 from Discovery and Targeting of a Noncanonical Mechanism of Sarcoma Resistance to ADI-PEG20 Mediated by the Microenvironment
Authors: Rogers Leonard C. , Kremer Jeff C. , Brashears Caitlyn B. , Lin Zongtao , Hu Zhixian , Bastos Alliny C.S. , Baker Adriana , Fettig Nicole , Zhou Dong , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Dehner Carina A. , Chrisinger John S.A. , Bomalaski John S. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Oyama Toshinao , White Eileen P. , Van Tine Brian A.
Published: July 2023

Supplemental Figure 1. In vivo imaging.
Data from Discovery and Targeting of a Noncanonical Mechanism of Sarcoma Resistance to ADI-PEG20 Mediated by the Microenvironment
Authors: Rogers Leonard C. , Kremer Jeff C. , Brashears Caitlyn B. , Lin Zongtao , Hu Zhixian , Bastos Alliny C.S. , Baker Adriana , Fettig Nicole , Zhou Dong , Shoghi Kooresh I. , Dehner Carina A. , Chrisinger John S.A. , Bomalaski John S. , Garcia Benjamin A. , Oyama Toshinao , White Eileen P. , Van Tine Brian A.
Published: July 2023

AbstractPurpose:
Many cancers lack argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), the rate-limiting enzyme of arginine biosynthesis. This deficiency causes arginine auxotrophy, targetable by extracellular arginine-degrading enzymes such as ADI-PEG20. Long-term tumor resistance has thus far been attributed solely to ASS1 reexpression. This study examines the role of ASS1 silencing on tumor growth and initiation and identifies a noncanonical mechanism of resistance, aiming to improve clinical responses to ADI-PEG20.
Experimental Design:
Tumor initiation and growth rates were measured for a spontaneous Ass1 knockout (KO) murine sarcoma model. Tumor cell lines were generated, and resistance to arginine deprivation therapy was studied in vitro and in vivo.
Results:
Conditional Ass1 KO affected neither tumor initiation nor growth rates in a sarcoma model, contradicting the prevalent idea that ASS1 silencing confers a proliferative advantage. Ass1 KO cells grew robustly through arginine starvation in vivo, while ADI-PEG20 remained completely lethal in vitro, evidence that pointed toward a novel mechanism of resistance mediated by the microenvironment. Coculture with Ass1-competent fibroblasts rescued growth through macropinocytosis of vesicles and/or cell fragments, followed by recycling of protein-bound arginine through autophagy/lysosomal degradation. Inhibition of either macropinocytosis or autophagy/lysosomal degradation abrogated this growth support effect in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusions:
Noncanonical, ASS1-independent tumor resistance to ADI-PEG20 is driven by the microenvironment. This mechanism can be targeted by either the macropinocytosis inhibitor imipramine or the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine. These safe, widely available drugs should be added to current clinical trials to overcome microenvironmental arginine support of tumors and improve patient outcomes.
Supplementary Table 5 from Integrative Prognostic Machine-Learning Models in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hill Holly Ann , Jain Preetesh , Ok Chi Young , Sasaki Koji , Chen Han , Wang Michael L. , Chen Ken
Published: July 2023

Coefficients from the Multivariate Generalized Linear Model
Supplementary Table 2 from Integrative Prognostic Machine-Learning Models in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hill Holly Ann , Jain Preetesh , Ok Chi Young , Sasaki Koji , Chen Han , Wang Michael L. , Chen Ken
Published: July 2023

Full feature list with abbreviations from the dataset
Supplementary Table 1 from Integrative Prognostic Machine-Learning Models in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hill Holly Ann , Jain Preetesh , Ok Chi Young , Sasaki Koji , Chen Han , Wang Michael L. , Chen Ken
Published: July 2023

Initial Treatment List for Mantle Cell Lymphoma Patients
Supplementary Figure 1 from Integrative Prognostic Machine-Learning Models in Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hill Holly Ann , Jain Preetesh , Ok Chi Young , Sasaki Koji , Chen Han , Wang Michael L. , Chen Ken
Published: July 2023

S1. Hyperparameter tuning of other XGBoost models
Figure S1 from The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C. , Parris Joshua L. D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Shinde Rahul , Murphy Maureen E. , Claiborne Daniel T.
Published: July 2023

Figure S1 shows BMDMs from S47 mice are more anti-inflammatory and polarize towards a M2 phenotype following IL-4 stimulation.
FIGURE 5 from The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C. , Parris Joshua L. D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Shinde Rahul , Murphy Maureen E. , Claiborne Daniel T.
Published: July 2023

Tumor-infiltrating T cells in S47 mice display uniquely elevated transcription factor profiles. Tumors and spleens were harvested 21 days after injection of MC38 cells and T cells were analyzed for transcription factor expression by intranuclear flow cytometry. A, The percentage of proliferating (Ki67+) TILs in S47 and P47 mice. B, Frequency of Eomes+ or Tbet+ TILs in S47 and P47 mice. C, Frequency of TILs expressing mTOR phosphorylated at serine 2448 in S47 and P47 mice. D, Frequency of TILs expressing Foxp3 in S47 and P47 mice. Profiling of transcription factor expression by intranuclear flow cytometry of tumor-derived T cells from S47 and P47 mice. Frequency of tumor-derived (E) or spleen-derived (F), KL8-dextramer+ CD8+ T cells expressing the Eomes, Tbet, phospho-S2448-mTOR, or Foxp3.
FIGURE 4 from The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C. , Parris Joshua L. D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Shinde Rahul , Murphy Maureen E. , Claiborne Daniel T.
Published: July 2023

Tumor-bearing S47 mice harbor more immunosuppressive splenic immune cell profiles. A, Flow cytometry analyses on splenocytes from TBM for percent positive MDSCs in P47 and S47 mice, respectively. Bar graph on right shows the percent positive MDSCs out of the total CD45+ immune cells. n = 5 mice per group. B, Flow cytometry analyses of indicated activation markers on macrophages in the spleen. Histograms in the top show the mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of MHC I and histograms in the bottom show MFI of CD86. The red solid line indicates P47 and the filled histogram indicates S47 sample. The bar graphs show quantitative data. n = 5 mice per group. C and D, Expression of CD86 and MHC I by CD11c+CD103+ DCs and CD19+ B cells, respectively, in spleens of TBM, shown as MFI. n = 5 mice per group. Statistics were derived from two-tailed Student t tests. *, P < 0.05.
FIGURE 3 from The African-centric P47S Variant of TP53 Confers Immune Dysregulation and Impaired Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
Authors: Stieg David C. , Parris Joshua L. D. , Yang Tyler Hong Loong , Mirji Gauri , Reiser Sarah Kim , Murali Nivitha , Werts Madison , Barnoud Thibaut , Lu David Y. , Shinde Rahul , Murphy Maureen E. , Claiborne Daniel T.
Published: July 2023

S47-derived T cells display a steady-state deficit in effector T-cell function after stimulation. RBC-depleted splenocytes from either S47 or P47 mice were stimulated with PMA/Ionomycin, Concanavalin A, or anti-CD3/CD28 Dynabeads, then assayed for cytolytic markers and effector cytokine production via multiparametric flow cytometry. Values were normalized to negative control wells receiving no stimulation. Data are derived from four independent experiments. A–C, Differences in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell degranulation (CD107a), IFNγ production, and TNFα production between S47 and P47 mice when stimulated with Concanavalin A, anti-CD3/CD28 beads, or PMA/Ionomycin, respectively. Polyfunctionality profiles for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells double positive (CD107a+/TNFα+) when stimulated with ConA or PMA/Ionomycin (D and F, respectively) or triple positive (CD107a+/Perforin+/TNFα+) when stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads (E) for effector molecules between S47 and P47 mice. Statistics derived from one-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.
Patterns of Referral and Postdischarge Utilization of Cardiac Rehabilitation Among Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure: An Analysis From the GWTG-HF Registry
Authors: Keshvani Neil , Subramanian Vinayak , Wrobel Christopher A. , Solomon Nicole , Alhanti Brooke , Greene Stephen J. , DeVore Adam D. , Yancy Clyde W. , Allen Larry A. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Pandey Ambarish
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Coverage for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction was expanded in 2014, but contemporary referral and participation rates remain unknown.

METHODS:

Patients hospitalized for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (≤35%) in the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure registry from 2010 to 2020 were included, and CR referral status was described as yes, no, or not captured. Temporal trends in CR referral were assessed in the overall cohort. Patient and hospital-level predictors of CR referral were assessed using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models. Additionally, CR referral and proportional utilization of CR within 1-year of referral were evaluated among patients aged >65 years with available Medicare administrative claims data who were clinically stable for 6-weeks postdischarge. Finally, the association of CR referral with the risk of 1-year death and readmission was evaluated using multivariable-adjusted Cox models.

RESULTS:

Of 69,441 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who were eligible for CR (median age 67 years; 33% women; 30% Black), 17,076 (24.6%) were referred to CR, and referral rates increased from 8.1% in 2010 to 24.1% in 2020 (
P
trend
<0.001). Of 8310 patients with Medicare who remained clinically stable 6-weeks after discharge, the CR referral rate was 25.8%, and utilization of CR among referred patients was 4.1% (mean sessions attended: 6.7). Patients not referred were more likely to be older, of Black race, and with a higher burden of comorbidities. In adjusted analysis, eligible patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction who were referred to CR (versus not referred) had a lower risk of 1-year death (hazard ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.70–1.00];
P
=0.049) without significant differences in 1-year readmission.

CONCLUSIONS:

CR referral rates have increased from 2010 to 2020. However, only 1 in 4 patients are referred to CR. Among eligible patients who received CR referral, participation was low, with <1 of 20 participating in CR.
Artificial Collective Intelligence Engineering: A Survey of Concepts and Perspectives
Authors: Casadei Roberto
Published: July 2023

Collectiveness is an important property of many systems—both natural and artificial. By exploiting a large number of individuals, it is often possible to produce effects that go far beyond the capabilities of the smartest individuals or even to produce intelligent collective behavior out of not-so-intelligent individuals. Indeed, collective intelligence, namely, the capability of a group to act collectively in a seemingly intelligent way, is increasingly often a design goal of engineered computational systems—motivated by recent technoscientific trends like the Internet of Things, swarm robotics, and crowd computing, to name only a few. For several years, the collective intelligence observed in natural and artificial systems has served as a source of inspiration for engineering ideas, models, and mechanisms. Today, artificial and computational collective intelligence are recognized research topics, spanning various techniques, kinds of target systems, and application domains. However, there is still a lot of fragmentation in the research panorama of the topic within computer science, and the verticality of most communities and contributions makes it difficult to extract the core underlying ideas and frames of reference. The challenge is to identify, place in a common structure, and ultimately connect the different areas and methods addressing intelligent collectives. To address this gap, this article considers a set of broad scoping questions providing a map of collective intelligence research, mostly by the point of view of computer scientists and engineers. Accordingly, it covers preliminary notions, fundamental concepts, and the main research perspectives, identifying opportunities and challenges for researchers on artificial and computational collective intelligence engineering.
Modulatory Effects of Communicative Gaze on Attentional Orienting Are Driven by Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex but Not Right Temporoparietal Junction
Authors: Abubshait Abdulaziz , Kompatsiari Kyveli , Cardellicchio Pasquale , Vescovo Enrico , De Tommaso Davide , Fadiga Luciano , D'Ausilio Alessandro , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: July 2023

Communicative gaze (e.g., mutual or averted) has been shown to affect attentional orienting. However, no study to date has clearly separated the neural basis of the pure social component that modulates attentional orienting in response to communicative gaze from other processes that might be a combination of attentional and social effects. We used TMS to isolate the purely social effects of communicative gaze on attentional orienting. Participants completed a gaze-cueing task with a humanoid robot who engaged either in mutual or in averted gaze before shifting its gaze. Before the task, participants received either sham stimulation (baseline), stimulation of right TPJ (rTPJ), or dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Results showed, as expected, that communicative gaze affected attentional orienting in baseline condition. This effect was not evident for rTPJ stimulation. Interestingly, stimulation to rTPJ also canceled out attentional orienting altogether. On the other hand, dmPFC stimulation eliminated the socially driven difference in attention orienting between the two gaze conditions while maintaining the basic general attentional orienting effect. Thus, our results allowed for separation of the pure social effect of communicative gaze on attentional orienting from other processes that are a combination of social and generic attentional components.
The Experience of Meaningful Coincidences Is Associated with Stronger Alpha Power Increases during an Eyes-closed Resting Condition: A Bayesian Replication Approach
Authors: Rominger Christian , Perchtold-Stefan Corinna M. , Fink Andreas
Published: July 2023

Recognizing and perceiving meaningful patterns in an ever-changing environment is fundamental to (human) beings. Apophenia, patternicity, and the propensity to perceive meaningful coincidences might result from the human brain working as a prediction machine that constantly matches sensory information to prior expectations. The propensity for Type I errors varies between people and, at its extreme, is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia. However, on a nonclinical level seeing meaning in randomness might be benevolent and was found to be associated with creativity and openness. However, hardly any neuroscientific investigation has examined EEG patterns of the propensity to experience meaningful coincidences in this manner. We hypothesized deviations in brain functions as one potential reason why some people experience more meaning in random arrangements than others. The gating by inhibition theory suggests that alpha power increases represent basic control mechanisms of sensory processes during varying task requirements. We found that people perceiving more meaningful coincidences had higher alpha power during an eyes-closed versus eyes-opened condition compared with people experiencing less meaningful coincidences. This indicates deviations in the sensory inhibition mechanism of the brain, which are critically relevant for higher cognitive functions. Applying Bayesian statistics, we replicated this finding in another independent sample.
The effect of using group-averaged or individualized brain parcellations when investigating connectome dysfunction in psychosis
Authors: Levi Priscila T. , Chopra Sidhant , Pang James C. , Holmes Alexander , Gajwani Mehul , Sassenberg Tyler A. , DeYoung Colin G. , Fornito Alex
Published: July 2023

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used to investigate functional coupling (FC) disturbances in a range of clinical disorders. Most analyses performed to date have used group-based parcellations for defining regions of interest (ROIs), in which a single parcellation is applied to each brain. This approach neglects individual differences in brain functional organization and may inaccurately delineate the true borders of functional regions. These inaccuracies could inflate or underestimate group differences in case-control analyses. We investigated how individual differences in brain organization influence group comparisons of FC using psychosis as a case study, drawing on fMRI data in 121 early psychosis patients and 57 controls. We defined FC networks using either a group-based parcellation or an individually tailored variant of the same parcellation. Individualized parcellations yielded more functionally homogeneous ROIs than did group-based parcellations. At the level of individual connections, case-control FC differences were widespread, but the group-based parcellation identified approximately 7.7% more connections as dysfunctional than the individualized parcellation. When considering differences at the level of functional networks, the results from both parcellations converged. Our results suggest that a substantial fraction of dysconnectivity previously observed in psychosis may be driven by the parcellation method, rather than by a pathophysiological process related to psychosis.
Cortico-Cerebellar Monitoring of Speech Sequence Production
Authors: Todorović Snežana , Anton Jean-Luc , Sein Julien , Nazarian Bruno , Chanoine Valérie , Rauchbauer Birgit , Kotz Sonja A. , Runnqvist Elin
Published: July 2023

In a functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined speech error monitoring in a cortico-cerebellar network for two contrasts: (a) correct trials with high versus low articulatory error probability and (b) overtly committed errors versus correct trials. Engagement of the cognitive cerebellar region Crus I in both contrasts suggests that this region is involved in overarching performance monitoring. The activation of cerebellar motor regions (superior medial cerebellum, lobules VI and VIII) indicates the additional presence of a sensorimotor driven implementation of control. The combined pattern of pre-supplementary motor area (active across contrasts) and anterior cingulate cortex (only active in the contrast involving overt errors) activations suggests sensorimotor driven feedback monitoring in the medial frontal cortex, making use of proprioception and auditory feedback through overt errors. Differential temporal and parietal cortex activation across contrasts indicates involvement beyond sensorimotor driven feedback in line with speech production models that link these regions to auditory target processing and internal modeling-like mechanisms. These results highlight the presence of multiple, possibly hierarchically interdependent, mechanisms that support the optimizing of speech production.
Beyond the Binary of Race and Class: A Marxist Humanist Perspective
Authors: Hudis Peter
Published: July 2023

The emergence of a new generation of antiracist activists and theorists seeking to advance an anticapitalist agenda creates a new vantage point for re-examining how racism relates to the logic of capital. This essay explores sources in the work of Marx, twentieth-century Marxists, and Frantz Fanon that can provide direction for overcoming the binary of class and race.
Racism and State Formation in the Age of Absolutism
Authors: Virdee Satnam
Published: July 2023

This essay explores four questions through a critical dialogue with Black Marxist, Decolonial, and Political Marxist accounts of racism. First, is it possible to speak of racism before the advent of colonisation in the Americas? Second, what were the determinants for the production of these earlier modalities of racism? Third, who were the key actors responsible for the production of such racism? And fourth, what were the linkages between these developments and racisms that would unfold with the capitalist colonisation of the Americas? I contend that the historical formation of racism as a material force lies in the formation and dissolution of absolutist states in Western Europe between the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. By demonstrating how elite political cultures of Western European societies were suffused with the logic of racialisation prior to the colonisation of the Americas, the essay helps render transparent hitherto occluded connections between histories focusing on the internal racialisation of Europe and the racialisation of the European exterior. And in doing so, it establishes the constitutive part racism played in the emergence of capitalist modernity.
The Romans, the Temple, and the Alexandrian Context of the Testimony of Truth (NHC IX,3)
Authors: Fowler Kimberley A.
Published: July 2023

The Testimony of Truth (NHC IX,3) is characterized by polemic against other Christians and certain aspects of Judaism, and shows familiarity with Jewish textual traditions. One such case is a narrative surrounding Solomon’s building of the Jerusalem temple with the help of demons, who are incarcerated in the temple water jars and released by Roman armies, who unknowingly perform an act of purification on a demon-infected space. This paper argues that: 1) Testimony of Truth should be read as part of the wider early Christian polemical tradition presenting Rome as purveyors of vengeance against the errant Jewish people; 2) Testimony of Truth offers evidence for a flourishing Jewish presence in second or early third-century Alexandria, against the long-held argument that the community was largely annihilated following the Diaspora Revolt.
Eve, the Serpent, and the Instructor Beast
Authors: Troiano Mariano
Published: July 2023

The present study will focus on a distinctive relationship found in Gnostic mythologems that associates androgyny and revelation. In fact, this connection is present at any of the three levels in which Sethian Gnostic authors structure their cosmology (spiritual, psychic, and material), but it is not usually explicit. In this work, I will center my research on the manifestation of androgyny in the psychic and material levels, with special attention to the latter. My objective is to demonstrate that by taking elements from Christian, Jewish, and Platonic traditions, Gnostic authors give them a new meaning, creating performative myths that construct a new reality. Mental images of an androgynous monster, of an instructive beast that breaks the categories of social normativity, and through which initiates focus their desire and actualize it through gnosis.
Gender, Medicine, and the Creation of a Modern Nation: Calls to End Female Genital Cutting in Egypt, 1940 to 1960
Authors: Trepesch Elisabeth
Published: July 2023

While considerable research exists on female genital cutting (FGC) in Egypt, debates about its legitimacy prior to the 1970s have barely received any scholarly attention. However, the analysis of Egyptian magazines and newspapers indicates that the 1940s and 1950s witnessed a broad debate over FGC. Drawing on this evidence, the article argues that calls to end female circumcision did not primarily assert the physical and sexual rights of women and girls. Rather, the debate was dominated by a male-centered perspective that conceptualized FGC as a backward practice whose eradication was deemed necessary to create a healthy and progressive nation, while both female sexual satisfaction and the agency of female traditional health practitioners were marginalized. The history of combatting FGC between 1940 and 1960 thus needs to be understood as part of broader debates about public health and social reform that centered on the female and rural population to civilize and modernize the nation.
A new species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizomycetes) within the H. macropus group from China
Authors: LU JIN-RONG , YU FENG-MING , LEI LEI , ZHANG YING , ZHAO QI
Published: July 2023

The brown cupulate saddle fungi with villus surface in China, have long been named as Helvella macropus, a well-known European and North American species. In this study, Helvella fruiting bodies from Austria, China (the Tibetan Plateau), and Germany were examined. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, TEF and HSP90 sequence data showed that the Chinese H. macropus-like samples represent two phylogenetic species, one of which is H. macropus s.s., and the other is H. guttata, which is introduced as new species here. Helvella guttata and H. macropus are described and illustrated in detail and compared with their similar species. In addition, a key to the morphologically recognizable taxa of the H. macropus complex is provided.
The Types of Click Beetles Described by Otto Schwarz from Mexico, Guatemala and Panama (Coleoptera: Elateridae)
Authors: FULLER E.R.
Published: July 2023

The type specimens of Elateridae described by Otto Schwarz from Mesoamerica are redescribed, reassessed and lectotypes designated. Acanthathous championi (Schwarz), Smiliceroides quadrilineatus (Schwarz), Anoplischiopsis divisus Schwarz, Anoplischius dorsalis Schwarz, Atractosomus nigerrimus Schwarz, and Anchastomorphus minutus Schwarz are retained in their current status. Monocrepidius restinctus Schwarz is reduced to synonymy under Monocrepidius rugicollis Champion. Aeolus mediofasciatus Schwarz is transferred to Monocrepidius Eschscholtz. Tomicephalus bilineatus Schwarz is transferred to Anchastus LeConte, renamed Anchastus lapsus Fuller, and reduced to synonymy under Anchastus seminiger Champion. Crepidius blepharipes Schwarz is restricted to the lectotype and retained in its current status; the other syntypes are unidentified species of Dipropus Germar. Anchastus championi Schwarz is reduced to synonymy under Anchastus tenuistriatus Champion; one syntype is an unidentified species of Dipropus Germar. New country records are documented for A. dorsalis, A. nigerrimus and A. minutus (Guatemala), and A. tenuistriatus (United States).
The Poleward Migration of Tropical Cyclolysis in the Western North Pacific
Authors: Meng Wenjian , Zhang Kewei , Liu Haijiang
Published: July 2023

In the context of global climate change, recent studies indicate a poleward migration trend of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the western North Pacific (WNP), while little attention has been paid to the TC cyclolysis (hereafter Lysis). With respect to two different datasets, this study identifies the poleward migration of the annual-mean latitude of TC Lysis during 1979–2018, being more significant for the intensified TCs, although this trend is suppressed by the reduction in the TC frequency over the sea. It is found that the TC migration is more like a poleward translation of the overall movement rather than the expansion of a specific phase’s distance span. Subsequently, the trends of several environmental parameters related to TC development are also analyzed. The large-scale sea surface temperature warming leads to the increase of potential intensity and enhances the possibility of TC poleward migration. Through controlling the TC formation in the eastern WNP tropics, the variations of vertical wind shear and horizontal winds affect TC Lysis latitude, facilitate the TC development environment around East Asia offshore and island chain areas, and steer TCs poleward migration through the southerly wind anomalies in the area north of 30°N. Regarding the cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere and the divergence in the upper troposphere, their influence on TC Lysis latitude is mainly by adjusting the numbers of TCs rather than directly interfering with the TC movement process. The present results indicate that the northern WNP coastal region will also become a TC-prone area in the future, which needs to be treated with caution.
Use of Tranexamic Acid With Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta is Associated With Higher Distal Embolism Rates: Results From the American Association of Surgery for Trauma Aortic Occlusion and Resuscitation for Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Trial
Authors: Shaw Joanna , Zakhary Bishoy , Coimbra Raul , Moore Laura , Scalea Thomas , Kundi Rishi , Teeter William , Romagnoli Anna , Moore Ernest , Sauaia Angela , Dennis Bradley , Brenner Megan
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Tranexamic acid (TXA) use has been associated with thrombotic complications.

Objective

We aim to investigate outcomes associated with TXA use in the setting of high- (HP) and low-profile (LP) introducer sheaths for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA).

Participants

The Aortic Occlusion and Resuscitation for Trauma and Acute Care Surgery (AORTA) database was queried for patients who underwent REBOA using a low-profile 7 French (LP) or high-profile, 11-14 French (HP) introducer sheaths between 2013 and 2022. Demographics, physiology, and outcomes were examined for patients who survived beyond the index operation.

Results

574 patients underwent REBOA (503 LP, 71 HP); 77% were male, mean age was 44 ± 19 and mean injury severity score (ISS) was 35 ± 16. 212 patients received TXA (181 [36%] LP, 31 [43.7%] HP). There were no significant differences in admission vital signs, GCS, age, ISS, SBP at AO, CPR at AO, and duration of AO among LP and HP patients. Overall, mortality was significantly higher in the HP (67.6%) vs the LP group (54.9%; P = .043). Distal embolism was significantly higher in the HP group (20.4%) vs the LP group (3.9%; P < .001). Logistic regression demonstrated that TXA use was associated with a higher rate of distal embolism in both groups (OR = 2.92; P = .021). 2 LP patients (one who received TXA) required an amputation.

Conclusion

Patients who undergo REBOA are profoundly injured and physiologically devastated. Tranexamic acid was associated with a higher rate of distal embolism in those who received REBOA, regardless of access sheath size. For patients receiving TXA, REBOA placement should be accompanied by strict protocols for immediate diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic complications.
Data-Sharing Across Otolaryngology: Comparing Journal Policies and Their Adherence to the FAIR Principles
Authors: Johnson Austin L. , Bouvette Max , Rangu Nitin , Morley Timothy , Schultz Adam , Torgerson Trevor , Vassar Matt
Published: July 2023

Objective:

Data-sharing plays an essential role in advancing scientific understanding. Here, we aim to identify the commonalities and differences in data-sharing policies endorsed by otolaryngology journals and to assess their adherence to the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable) principles.

Methods:

Data-sharing policies were searched for among 111 otolaryngology journals, as listed by Scimago Journal & Country Rank. Policy extraction of the top biomedical journals as ranked by Google Scholar metrics were used as a comparison. The FAIR principles for scientific data management and stewardship were used for the extraction framework. This occurred in a blind, masked, and independent fashion.

Results:

Of the 111 ranked otolaryngology journals, 100 met inclusion criteria. Of those 100 journals, 79 provided data-sharing policies. There was a clear lack of standardization across policies, along with specific gaps in accessibility and reusability which need to be addressed. Seventy-two policies (of 79; 91%) designated that metadata should have globally unique and persistent identifiers. Seventy-one (of 79; 90%) policies specified that metadata should clearly include the identifier of the data they describe. Fifty-six policies (of 79; 71%) outlined that metadata should be richly described with a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes.

Conclusion:

Otolaryngology journals have varying data-sharing policies, and adherence to the FAIR principles appears to be moderate. This calls for increased data transparency, allowing for results to be reproduced, confirmed, and debated.
Struggles For/With/Through Ethnic Studies in Texas: Third Spaces as Anchors for Collective Action
Authors: Valenzuela Angela , Epstein Eliza M. Bentley
Published: July 2023

Background/Context:

Ethnic Studies is an umbrella term for a group of academic disciplines attentive to identifying oppression, restorying history, and creating liberatory futures. These disciplines were born from social movements, with students, educators, and community members demanding educational spaces guided by people who looked like them, curriculum that told their stories, and pedagogies that could transform their communities. Around the country, elementary and secondary schools are expanding Ethnic Studies offerings at the school, district, and state levels. Ethnic Studies work is deeply local, and, as such, different approaches to expanding access to Ethnic Studies have been taken across localities and states. The power and potential of Ethnic Studies to shift social reality beyond the classroom is both a strength in the struggle for just, liberatory futures and a factor that draws the disciplining eyes of the state.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

Like the discipline of Ethnic Studies, Ethnic Studies research is activist, transformative, and community embedded. In this article, we illustrate the ways that our research about the movement for Ethnic Studies in Texas is inextricable from our community-based work to expand access to Ethnic Studies, which is itself woven in and guided by the theories that ground the disciplines of Ethnic Studies. We write with the theories, thinkings, and actions of feminists of color, sharing vignettes that braid together our research and advocacy, highlighting community fostered organic third spaces, in what we call decolonial policy praxis.

Research Design:

We use digital and auto-ethnography methods to build our vignettes.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

We note the critical importance of building coalitions and of remaining committed/connected to the liberatory theories of Ethnic Studies in our research and in the collaborative development of culturally sustaining policy. This means building with community, in community, and for community in pursuit of liberatory, Ethnic Studies futures.
From copper mining to data extractivism? Data worth making at Chile’s Data Observatory Foundation
Authors: Tironi Rodo Martín , Valderrama Barragán Matías
Published: July 2023

The public–private initiative Data Observatory Foundation was created to make large databases, such as those of astronomical observatories, available to expand and transfer of so-called “data-centric tasks” to various domains and thereby boost the development of the digital economy, data science and artificial intelligence in the country. However, in this article, we argue that data-centric initiatives like the Data Observatory Foundation may prove to be defuturing or enacting exhausted futures that reproduce the historical extractivism and coloniality of power in Latin America. Through a qualitative case study, we analyze the narrative and economic technologies of justification deployed by the Data Observatory Foundation to justify the value of its data and the organization itself. We discuss how the narratives and economic relationships developed by the Data Observatory Foundation manifest national wounds and technological dependency that enact a data-centric coloniality. Whether by attempting to define data as the copper of the future or establishing cloud computing credits as new salary tokens in the development of artificial intelligence, the Data Observatory Foundation reproduces past mentalities within innovation circuits. Rather than replicating futures based on modern colonial extractivist logics, we propose expanding possible engagements with data and speculating alternative designs.
Data management of digitized indigenous knowledge system in repositories
Authors: Balogun Tolulope
Published: July 2023

This paper assesses the data management of digitized Indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) in IKS repositories in South Africa. The study adopted a qualitative research method. The multiple case study research design was adopted to collect data from eight respondents in four Indigenous Knowledge Systems Documentation Centres (IKSDCs) in repositories spread across three provinces in South Africa. The findings revealed that the Department of Science and Technology (DST) coordinates the national IKS programmes under the National Recordal System (NRS) and they are responsible for the management of digitized IKS. The findings also revealed that although the National Indigenous Knowledge Management System (NIKMAS) was built for the management of the data, the system is still in its planning phase, and work is still in progress. In addition, it was discovered that information professionals like archivists and records managers are currently not involved in the management of IKS data in the repositories. The paper offers recommendations on the data management and storage of IKS, data description, mitigating the challenges, and some measures to help ensure the authenticity of the IKS data collected in the repositories.
Controlling modified Tardieu scale assessment speeds to match joint angular velocities during walking impacts spasticity assessment outcomes
Authors: Banky Megan , Tirosh Oren , Davey Rebecca , Mentiplay Benjamin F , Clark Ross A , Olver John H , Williams Gavin
Published: July 2023

Objective

To investigate whether tailoring the speed of the Modified Tardieu Scale to reflect an individual's joint angular velocity during walking influences spasticity assessment outcomes.

Design

Observational trial.

Setting

Inpatient and outpatient neurological hospital department.

Subjects

Ninety adults with lower-limb spasticity.

Interventions

N/A.

Main measures

The Modified Tardieu Scale was used to assess the gastrocnemius, soleus, hamstrings and quadriceps. The V1 (slow) and V3 (fast) movements were completed as per standardised testing. Two additional assessments were completed, reflecting joint angular velocities during walking based on (i) a healthy control database (controlled velocity) and (ii) the individual's real-time joint angular velocities during walking (matched velocity). The agreement was compared using Cohen's and Weighted Kappa statistics, sensitivity and specificity.

Results

There was poor agreement when rating trials as spastic or not spastic at the ankle joint (Cohen's Kappa = 0.01–0.17). Trials were classified as spastic during V3 and not spastic during the controlled conditions in 81.6–85.1% of trials when compared to stance phase dorsiflexion angular velocities and 48.0–56.4% when compared to swing phase dorsiflexion angular velocities. The severity of muscle reaction demonstrated poor agreement at the ankle (Weighted Kappa = 0.01–0.28). At the knee, there was a moderate-excellent agreement between the V3 and controlled conditions when rating a trial as spastic or not spastic (Cohen's Kappa = 0.66–0.84) and excellent agreement when comparing severity (Weighted Kappa = 0.73–0.94).

Conclusion

The speed of assessment impacted spasticity outcomes. It is possible that the standardised protocol may overestimate the impact spasticity has on walking, especially at the ankle.
Borna disease virus 1 infection in alpacas: Comparison of pathological lesions and viral distribution to other dead-end hosts
Authors: Fürstenau Jenny , Richter Madita T. , Erickson Nancy A. , Große Reinhard , Müller Kerstin E. , Nobach Daniel , Herden Christiane , Rubbenstroth Dennis , Mundhenk Lars
Published: July 2023

Borna disease is a progressive meningoencephalitis caused by spillover of the Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) to horses and sheep and has gained attention due to its zoonotic potential. New World camelids are also highly susceptible to the disease; however, a comprehensive description of the pathological lesions and viral distribution is lacking for these hosts. Here, the authors describe the distribution and severity of inflammatory lesions in alpacas ( n = 6) naturally affected by this disease in comparison to horses ( n = 8) as known spillover hosts. In addition, the tissue and cellular distribution of the BoDV-1 was determined via immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. A predominant lymphocytic meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in all animals with differences regarding the severity of lesions. Alpacas and horses with a shorter disease duration showed more prominent lesions in the cerebrum and at the transition of the nervous to the glandular part of the pituitary gland, as compared to animals with longer disease progression. In both species, viral antigen was almost exclusively restricted to cells of the central and peripheral nervous systems, with the notable exception of virus-infected glandular cells of the Pars intermedia of the pituitary gland. Alpacas likely represent dead-end hosts similar to horses and other spillover hosts of BoDV-1.
Militarized High Schools in Mexico: From Militarization to Militarism in a Context of Violence (2006–2022)
Authors: Coutiño Trejo Jose Enrique , Madrazo Alejandro
Published: July 2023

This article presents a case study—that of militarized high schools in Mexico—as an example of how the militarization of government functions can pave the way to militarism. Over the past few years, the Mexican Ministry of Defense has proposed to state governments the creation of militarized public high schools. This case illustrates how Mexico is moving from militarization—understood as the assumption of government functions by the military—to militarism—understood as the promotion of military interests and values—in Mexico’s security crisis, over the last three administrations. This article offers a public policy analysis to address the implications of militarized high schools. The central argument is that the implementation of militarized high schools has been possible through the normalization and institutionalization of militarization as a public policy response to some of the country’s central problems, enhancing the Armed Forces’ role as a de facto political actor. The analysis contributes to the “militarization and militarism” literature by exploring how the policy-making process plays a role in bridging between the two. The case study presents how policy of promoting a militarized model of education is directly proposed to state governments by Mexico’s Ministry of Defense, thus visibilizing their role as a cuasi independent political actor and positioning their own agenda and values in areas traditionally reserved to civilian authorities. By accepting the Ministry of Defense’s proposals on this matter, state governments are contributing to deepening the country’s constitutional crisis and the undermining of its democratic institutions.
Evaluation of Atypical Antipsychotics for the Facilitation of Weaning Sedation in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Assadoon Maha S. , Kovacevic Mary P. , Dube Kevin M. , Szumita Paul M. , Lupi Kenneth E. , DeGrado Jeremy R.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Sedatives and analgesics are commonly utilized as continuous infusions in the ICU but have complications, including an increase in mechanical ventilation days, ICU length of stay, and delirium. Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) affect several receptors including muscarinic, histamine, and α-1 adrenergic receptors, which may allow them to act as adjunctive agents to facilitate weaning of continuous infusions.

Objective

To determine if there is a decrease in sedatives/analgesics requirements with the use of quetiapine and olanzapine in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.

Methods

A single-center, retrospective study conducted at Brigham and Women's Hospital from 1/1/2018 to 12/31/2019. Patients were included if they were mechanically ventilated for at least 48 hours before and following AAP initiation, were receiving at least one sedative/analgesic by continuous infusion and received AAP for at least 48 hours. The major endpoint was the percentage of patients with ≥20% reduction in the cumulative dose (CD) of midazolam, propofol, or opioids using morphine mg equivalent (MME), 48 hours from AAP initiation. Minor endpoints included median changes in CD at 24 and 48 hours, and Richmond Agitation–Sedation Scale (RASS), and Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) changes at 48 hours.

Results

A total of 1177 encounters were screened and 107 were included. Within the 48 hours after AAP initiation, 77.6% had ≥20% reduction in the CD of a sedative/analgesic. There was a significant reduction in propofol, no change in MME, and significant increase in dexmedetomidine median CD at 48 hours from AAP start. No difference was found in pain scores, but patients had significantly lighter sedation scores in the 48 hours after AAP initiation. A multivariate analysis showed that earlier initiation of antipsychotics was associated with a higher likelihood of achieving a 20% reduction in a sedative/analgesic.

Conclusion

AAP use was associated with a significant reduction in sedatives/analgesics doses. Future studies are warranted to confirm the results.
“One Day It Will Be Over, and You Will See Other Landscapes. . . You Are Not Alone”: Adult Survivors’ Messages to Children Undergoing Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Attrash-Najjar Afnan , Tener Dafna , Katz Carmit
Published: July 2023

Child sexual abuse (CSA) has received considerable attention from scholars, contributing to policy, intervention, and prevention efforts worldwide. However, survivors’ involvement in this research is limited. This study was designed to delve into the messages of adult CSA survivors to abused children. In all, 371 written testimonies were provided to the Israeli Independent Public Inquiry on CSA by survivors from diverse communities in Israel. The Inquiry aimed to promote change in policies related to CSA. The testimonies were analyzed using the qualitative thematic analysis method. The results revealed five main messages emphasized by survivors to children experiencing CSA: (a) transferring the responsibility and guilt from children to perpetrators and society; (b) turning toward the light and continuing on; (c) disclosure is essential; (d) a happy life is possible; and (e) together we can survive. The discussion emphasizes how various systems in survivors’ lives have profound impacts following the abuse. Although survivors were from diverse backgrounds, their messages to abused children were consistent. Through their messages to the children, the survivors emphasized their wish to transfer responsibility and guilt from children experiencing abuse to the society that is supposed to see, listen, protect, and validate. Implications for practice are discussed, focusing on the importance of making room for survivors’ voices and experiences in the processes of shaping policies in the area of CSA. Moreover, the survivors’ desire to be there for the children emphasized the urgent need to promote the perception of survivors as key stakeholders in the field of child abuse and to integrate their experiences and perceptions into the formal and informal systems for children.