bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific descriptions of functional providing of the special endurance of boxers
Authors: Kiprich S.B. , Berinchik D.Y.
Published: March 2015

Purpose: to determine the specific characteristics of functional and metabolic support of special endurance of qualified boxers. Material: in research took part 16 boxers of high qualification at the age of 19-26 years. To estimate special endurance is used technique of detection the basic parameters of performance boxers "Spuderg-10." To estimate the response of cardiorespiratory system during the test "3x3" is used portable ergo-spirometry complex «Meta Max 3B» (Cortex, Germany). Results: It is shown that the range of individual distinctions of indexes of capacity and functional providing of the special endurance increased in every round under act of accumulation of fatigue. It is related to distinctions of kinetics of the cardiorespiratory system (by the increase of pulmonary ventilation) in the first round, by the consumption of О 2 (by a capacity for the achievement of VO 2 max) - in the second and by power of reaction of respiratory indemnification of metabolic acidosis - in the third. These distinctions are registered in default of reliable distinctions of quantitative descriptions of acidemic changes in an organism, increasing in the process of the test job processing. Conclusions: in different periods (rounds) in boxers high grade found differences of manifestation and combinations of properties features of functional readiness.
The concept of individual approach in sport
Authors: Kozina Zh.L. , Prusik Krzysztof , Prusik Katarzyna
Published: March 2015

Purpose : prove the concept of individual approach to sports training. Develop a common scheme ways individualization process of training athletes. Material: the study involved 149 athletes: 38 volleyball players and 111 players. Was carried out comprehensive testing athletes for 33 pedagogical, psycho-physiological, biochemical parameters. Also conducted an analysis of indicators of competitive activity. Results : we propose the following areas of the individualization process of preparation of athletes: 1 - systematization of mathematical indicators of preparedness and condition of the athlete in a single point in time; 2 - regression analysis of the dynamics of individual game performance athletes; 3 - the use of universal methods of individualization of various aspects of the training process. It is established that the individual characteristics of players in basketball and volleyball are connected not only with the anthropometric data, but also depend on the physiological and psychophysiological indicators. In this aspect there is provided use of cluster and factor analysis for the construction of individual training programs for players. It was found that the dynamics of the gaming performance is described by quadratic, cubic and sinusoidal functions. In the case of sinusoidal oscillation period of regression models in girls is 25-30 days, 31-38 days in boys. This allows to determine the most preferred times of increasing and reducing the efficiency of competitive. Conclusions : the concept of individual approach in sport involves the separation of a wide range of indicators leading factors in the individual structure of athletes, in the analysis and prediction of individual dynamics of competitive performance, to develop universal methods of individualization with the activation of awareness of various aspects of the training process.
Physical development and physical preparedness of students of special medical group with the disease of vegetative-vascular dystonia of mixed type
Authors: Olchovik A. V.
Published: March 2015

Purpose : theoretically and experimentally substantiate the effect of the author's physical rehabilitation program to the level of physical development and physical fitness of students. Material : the study involved 40 students. Conducted teacher testing: sprinting, flexion and extension arms in emphasis lying on the floor, the rise in the saddle for 1 min., long jump from their seats, jump up from their seats, shuttle run (4 x 9 meters), torso forward from position sitting. Results : author's physical rehabilitation program includes physiotherapy, therapeutic massage, aqua gym, fitball gymnastics, acupressure and health food. The educational process is aimed at: the normalization of blood pressure and heart rate; balance of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system; reducing the number of relapses; prevention of complications and hardening of the body; increase the level of physical fitness and health; acquire the necessary professional for students of applied skills. At the workshops, special attention is paid to the medical control, self-control and physical exercise techniques, taking into account contraindications. General and professionally applied physical preparation is carried out taking into account the features of students. Conclusions : It is recommended to attract students to self-realization of physical rehabilitation at home.
Psychological and psycho-physical training as a factor of personal anxiety at students
Authors: Pichurin V.V.
Published: March 2015

Purpose : to test the hypothesis that the proposed content of the psychological and psycho-physical preparation of students of railway high schools in the physical education is effective in terms of reducing the high level of personal anxiety. Material : the study involved 120 students who had high levels of trait anxiety. Age of study participants was 17 - 19 years. Psychological diagnostics level of personal anxiety in students was conducted using a scale assessing the level of reactive and personal anxiety Ch.Spilberger. Results : the use in psychological and psycho-physical training in the classroom for physical education for men (significant sports - athletics and powerlifting) and girls (aerobics and Sahaja Yoga) significantly influenced the decline in their personal anxiety. Conclusions : It is recommended that training on physical education to carry out the following structure. Preparatory part of the class - 10 minutes. Basically - 75 minutes. Of these, 25 minutes - to solve the traditional problems of physical education students to build their motor skills and the development of physical qualities. 20 minutes - was given to the students to perform specific exercise. 30 minutes devoted to the main part of a busy professional significant sport. The final part - 5 minutes.
The dynamics of the focal qualities in girls aged 10-15 years
Authors: Samonenko S.B.
Published: March 2015

Purpose : determine the dynamics of focal qualities in girls of secondary school age. Material : is used stabiloanalizer with biofeedback STABILAN-01. The study involved 254 girls (age - 10-15 years). To assess the temporal and spatial parameters of motor actions reproduce the trajectory of the girls (which is shaped like a triangle) and the rate of passage. Results : the obtained data on averages percent error when playing a temporal and spatial parameters of motor actions girls. Revealed that girls have a better ability to manage spatial than temporal parameters of motor coordination. A high coefficients of variation in all parameters. Conclusions : the results indicate large individual differences in the level of development of coordination abilities of girls at this age. This is reflected in the effectiveness of teaching motor actions. Also confirms the assumption about the possibility of taking into account these indicators as criteria for selecting a method of differentiated teaching motor actions of girls of secondary school age.
Special aspects of motivation of the structural subdivisions of the state emergency service of Ukraine in terms of physical self-culture
Authors: Stetsenko A.I. , Arhipenko V.A.
Published: March 2015

Purpose: to determine the motivation of employees of structural subdivisions of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine to improve their level of professional competence by means of physical training. Material: questionnaire survey of 130 rescue workers aged 25 to 40 years. Results: the main motives of rescue team personnel for physical culture and sports activities are gain in physical health and professional competence, while performing rescue missions. It was established that, when on duty, most of the firefighters and rescue workers are not engaged in physical exercise at all; household chores and poor state of health in case of men prevent rescue team employees from doing exercises outside of working hours. It was found that fire-rescue specialists give preference to the development of muscle strength during professional physical trainings and would like to perform power exercises. Conclusions: the low level of motivation of current fire-rescue workers for physical self-improvement requires optimization of control over professional physical education in departments of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine.
Features of competitive activity of highly qualified Greco-Roman style wrestler of different manner of conducting a duel
Authors: Tropin Y.N. , Pashkov I.N.
Published: March 2015

Purpose: to analyze the technical and tactical training of Greco-Roman style wrestlers. Material : an analysis of 75 fights fighters winners (25 fight each style). Results : identified 10 main technical activities that are most commonly used in today's competitive activity of highly skilled fighters. It was found that for all the groups most fighters is received on the ground is a coup coasting. In the front - takedowns. Determined that in order to achieve victory GAME WRESTLERS use high-impact technical actions. POWER AND TEMPO - simple techniques. It was found that high-class fighters may lead the fight in different styles of confrontation. It depends on the personality of the opponent, subjective judging period, cramping, accounts for the fight and the level of competition. Conclusions : It was found that the most informative in assessing the technical and tactical capabilities fighters carries the final part of the competition. It is determined by the efficiency, effectiveness, technical arsenal.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE WINTER PARALYMPIC GAMES AND SPORTS
Authors: Vasilios Giovanis , Eriketti Margari
Published: March 2015

Purpose: The aim of this research was to record and the evolution of the winter paralympic games and sports since 1976 until 2010. The history of the Winter Paralympic Games is relatively recent compared to that one of the Olympic Games. The first Games were held in 1976 in Ornskoldsvik, Sweden and the most recent, 38 years later in 2014, in Sochi, Russia. This article will examine the Winter Paralympic Games up until the ones in 2010 in Vancouver, Canada. During these years, there have been many changes in relation to the Games itself, the governing body of the Paralympic Movement, the sports’ facilities, the sports involved and sports’ categories. The motivation for writing this paper was the need to record and gather all of these items in one paper. Gathering information for the Winter Paralympic Games will be an important theoretical background. This information will create a database for the structure of the governing body of the Paralympic Games, for the organization of the Games [Local Organizing Committee (LOC), venues and equipment], for the evolution of the Winter Paralympic Sports and the categories of the athletes, as well as the evolution of the athletes’ and sports’ participation. Material : The research material that was used was mainly from the bibliography and records of the International Paralympic Committee (IPC), from the Official Post Games Reports and the Internet, while the research method that was used was descriptive. Moreover, the use of diagrams will depict the distribution of the participation of athletes and countries in each Games. Results : The participation of countries grew continuously and steadily from 16 to 44, during the years of 1976 to 2010 respectively. Regarding the athletes’ participation, starting in the first Games with 198 athletes, they reached the number of 502 in the 2010 Vancouver Winter Paralympic Games. The participation percentages of the athletes coming from Europe constituted the bulk of the total participation from the Continents throughout the journey of the Games (1st Winter Paralympic Games: 95% - 10th Winter Paralympic Games: 61%). The proportion of men was at all events greater than that of the women. Starting with only two categories of impairment being part of the first Games (athletes with amputation and athletes visually impaired), in the 2010 Winter Paralympic Games in Vancouver, almost all categories were included (except the athletes with an intellectual disability). Conclusions : The sports included in the 1st Paralympic Games were the events of Alpine Skiing and one event of Cross Country Skiing, while in the 10th Paralympic Games were included all the disciplines of Alpine skiing and Cross-Country Skiing, Ice Sledge Hockey and Wheelchair Curling.
Biomechanical analysis technique choreographic movements (for example, "grand battman jete")
Authors: Batieieva N.P.
Published: March 2015

Purpose : biomechanical analysis of the execution of choreographic movement "grand battman jete". Material : the study involved students (n = 7) of the department of classical choreography faculty of choreography. Results : biomechanical analysis of choreographic movement "grand battman jete" (classic exercise), obtained kinematic characteristics (path, velocity, acceleration, force) of the center of mass (CM) bio parts of the body artist (foot, shin, thigh). Built bio kinematic model (phase). The energy characteristics - mechanical work and kinetic energy units legs when performing choreographic movement "grand battman jete". Conclusions : It was found that the ability of an athlete and coach-choreographer analyze the biomechanics of movement has a positive effect on the improvement of choreographic training of qualified athletes in gymnastics (sport, art), figure skating and dance sports.
Effects of different training options on the basic movements physical fitness 4-year-old girls with different motor asymmetry
Authors: Galamandjuk L. L.
Published: March 2015

Purpose : to determine the effectiveness of different training options basic movements in terms of physical fitness girls with different orientation manual motor asymmetry (MMA). Material : the study involved 53 girls with ambidexterity: 68 - on the right, 62 - left oriented MMA. Age - 4 years. Results : there is a significant improvement in absolute muscle strength, speed-strength, coordination and cyclic locomotion tossing on the leading and non-leading range of hands regardless of the approach to teaching basic movements in girls. At the same time the increase of these qualities and the coordination of the throws on the accuracy of each hand is significantly higher when using one of the options "symmetric" approach. If you are using one of the options "symmetric" approach to teaching basic movements focus MMA defines the features of the development of physical qualities. Conclusions : regardless of the direction of MMA both versions of "symmetric" approach to improve the effectiveness of traditional indicators of physical fitness; the effectiveness of the first among themselves no different.
Peculiarities of vegetative regulation of heart rate in wrestlers of different age groups
Authors: Zapovitriana E.B. , Korobeynikov G.V. , Korobeinikova L.G.
Published: March 2015

Purpose : the aim of the work was to study the characteristics of vegetative regulation of cardiac rhythm in athletes of high qualification of different age groups. Material : 26 wrestlers of Greco-Roman style of high qualification aged 19-34 years old were studied. Vegetative regulation was assessed by statistical analysis of heart rate variability using cardiac monitors «Polar RS800CX». Results : the results showed that the wrestlers of older age group has a greater level of tension of regulation of heart rhythm for compared with young athletes. This is confirmed by the reduced values of the mean square deviation RR- intervals and triangular index. According to the results of spectral analysis of cardio revealed activation of parasympathetic tone of the autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm of wrestlers in older age group, compared with young athletes. The increase of tension of regulation of heart rate in the wrestlers of older age group accompanied by a slowdown of aperiodic and periodic oscillations of cardio intervals. Conclusions: the high level of tension of regulation of heart rhythm in older wrestlers group (26-34) accompanied by the activation of neurohumoral centers and parasympathetic link of vegetative nervous system.
Application of methodological approach to selection of sportswomen to calisthenics teams for group exercises, considering compatibility factor
Authors: Kozhanova O.S. , Nesterova T.V. , Gnutova N.P. , Gnutov E.I.
Published: March 2015

Purpose: motivation of methodological approach to selection of sportswomen to calisthenics teams for group exercises considering compatibility factor. Material: in the research 40 high qualification sportswomen of 17-23 yrs age with sport experience of 11-16 years participated. With cluster analysis 10 gymnasts with morphological indicators, meeting modern standards of group exercises were selected. Results: we found 5 generalized factors, which characterize structure of selection to teams and determines 72% of dispersion. Influence of kinds and connected with them criteria of compatibility on efficiency of gymnasts’ competition functioning were also determined. The authors substantiated methodological approach to selection of sportswomen to calisthenics teams for group exercises, considering compatibility factor. Conclusions: in selection to calisthenics teams for group exercises it is purposeful to realize complex registration of compatibility kinds, considering gymnasts’ similar features by recommended indicators.
Training at sport circle as priority form of organization of students’ physical education (on example of shaping)
Authors: Malenyuk T.V. , Kosivska A.V.
Published: March 2015

Purpose: to give foundation for effectiveness of training at sport circle as form of trainings’ organization on the base of analysis of shaping influence on morphological functional indicators of girl students of higher educational establishments’ non special faculties. Material: in research 60 girl students of 17-19 yrs age participated. Duration of pedagogic experiment was 8 months. In both groups trainings were conducted twice a week; duration of every training was 60 minutes. Results: we have worked out methodic of shaping training. It was determined that under influence of shaping harmonious physical development takes place, saving character and mobility of cardio vascular system of girl students is realized. Conclusions: author’s methodic of shaping training in sport circles has been developed, which includes aerobic and power exercises, elements of health related gymnastic, stretching and relaxation. This methodic envisages individual control of loading, considering constitution and girls students’ preferences; it includes recommendations concerning eating.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A RELAÇÃO ENTRE MORALIDADE E VIDA EM KANT
Authors: Araújo Alexandre Medeiros de
Published: March 2015

O texto tem por objetivo defender a proposta kantiana para a moralidade da acusação de ser ela uma moralidade "abstrata", "vazia", "fria", em função de seu princípio formal.  Segundo aquela maneira de ver a moralidade kantiana, essa proposta não teria nenhuma conexão com a vida efetiva dos seres humanos.  Para defender a proposta kantiana contra essa acusação, serão levados em conta os elementos presentes na concepção de razão proposta por Kant e o modo como operam as faculdades na motivação moral.  Segundo a concepção kantiana, a relação de determinação da vontade pela razão ocorre de uma maneira dinâmica entre as faculdades, razão e vontade, que se afinam em função de um fim da razão. Esse fim é a própria realização da virtude. A sua realização gera, por sua vez, um sentimento vivificador no ânimo do ser humano: o sentimento de respeito pela humanidade em cada pessoa como “fim em si”.  O texto pretende argumentar que esse é um dos caminhos pelos quais podemos vislumbrar a proposta da moral kantiana para além do mero “formalismo vazio”.  Ele chama, também, a atenção para aquilo que, na relação entre a lei moral e a vontade humana, configura a “força motriz” e “comoção” da moralidade em relação a essa mesma vontade.
FECHO EPISTÊMICO, CETICISMO E RAZÕES CONCLUSIVAS
Authors: Medeiros Stanley Kreiter Bezerra
Published: March 2015

O fecho epistêmico é o princípio que diz que o conhecimento é fechado sob implicação. Se alguém sabe que uma proposição P é o caso e, além disso, igualmente sabe que P implica logicamente Q, então esse alguém também deve saber que Q é o caso. Este princípio lógico é geralmente associado a problemas de vários tipos, tais como “onisciência lógica” e ceticismo. Para evitar a adoção do ceticismo ou devido a alguma concepção específica acerca do conhecimento, alguns autores preferem rejeitá-lo. De acordo com a “teoria das razões conclusivas” de Dretske, “conhecer P” é equivalente a “R não seria o caso se P não fosse o caso” (sendo R o conjunto de razões que dão apoio à verdade de P). Tal concepção implica claramente na rejeição do fecho epistêmico nos casos em que este princípio é associado a hipóteses céticas. Este artigo investiga a relação entre fecho epistêmico, ceticismo e a teoria das razões conclusivas de Dretske. Ao final, nossa análise sugere que “o desafio de Dretske”, tal como é conhecido, não foi satisfatoriamente resolvido e encontra-se em aberto na epistemologia.
ESPAÇOS DA PÓS-MODERNIDADE
Authors: Röhrig Maiquel
Published: March 2015

Neste ensaio, discuto o conceito de pós-modernidade. Meu ponto de partida é que a pós-modernidade existe. Porém, ao contrário do que normalmente afirmam os teóricos e a despeito da ideia de globalização, penso que o pós-modernismo consiste justamente da multiplicidade dos modos de vida, e do fato de que, em um mesmo espaço, podem conviver pessoas com pensamentos, valores e maneiras de viver distintas.
Die sonographische Untersuchung des Kniegelenks beim Hund
Authors: Kramer M. , Ondreka N. , Nayseh K.
Published: March 2015

Die Sonographie stellt ein kostengünstiges, nicht invasives und am wachen Patienten durchführbares Verfahren dar, das bei einer Lahmheit der Hintergliedmaße mit Lokalisation im Bereich des Kniegelenks wertvolle Befunde liefern kann. Der vorliegende erste Teil dieses Artikels beschreibt technische Voraussetzungen, Limitationen, anatomische Grundlagen sowie eine standardisierte Vorgehensweise für die sonographische Untersuchung des Kniegelenks. Sonomorphologische Veränderungen, die im Zusammenhang mit häufigen Erkrankungen des Kniegelenks (Gelenkerguss, Ruptur des kranialen Kreuzbands und Meniskuspathologien) auftreten, werden dargestellt. Die sonographische Diagnostik weiterer pathologischer Kniegelenkveränderungen ist Thema des zweiten Teils dieser Arbeit.
Múltiplos do Cativeiro: Casamento, compadrio e experiência comunitária numa propriedade escrava no Grão-Pará (1840-1870)
Authors: Barroso Daniel Souza
Published: March 2015

Este artigo tem como objetivo ajudar a matizar a compreensão em torno da família escrava no Grão-Pará oitocentista, a partir da análise das práticas de casamento e de compadrio da escravaria do Engenho Bom Intento. A propriedade do português Joaquim Antônio da Silva, situada no Distrito de Bujaru, na Comarca de Belém, destacava-se por toda a sua importância econômica local e grande plantel, composto por mais de 150 cativos no limiar da década de 1860. Procura-se delinear as tendências de casamento e de compadrio desse grupo - confrontando-as com os padrões de comportamento apresentados pela população escrava de Belém -, assim como, evidenciar a atuação conjunta do casamento e do compadrio na conformação de uma comunidade escrava que extrapolava os próprios limites do cativeiro, compreendendo escravos de outras propriedades e, ainda, os forros e diversos outros segmentos da população livre da região.
Um Funeral "Digno": Celebrações da morte na Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário e São Benedito, Florianópolis (1888-1925)
Authors: Rascke Karla Leandro
Published: March 2015

Este artigo procura compreender como a Irmandade de Nossa Senhora do Rosário e São Benedito de Florianópolis (Santa Catarina) cultuava seus mortos, os preparativos para o além-morte, as rezas pelas almas e os sentidos de cortejar dignamente irmãos e irmãs associados. O cuidado com os mortos existe em todas as sociedades, e cada uma a seu modo, em cada tempo. Como as práticas africanas na diáspora, com suas interações com o mundo católico, existentes na irmandade, manifestaram seus rituais de morte a partir das investidas do catolicismo romanizado em fins do século XIX e primeiras décadas do XX? Essa indagação norteia nossas reflexões sobre as práticas funerárias existentes na irmandade.
Identidade em transição: Cabo Verde e a Taça Amílcar Cabral
Authors: Melo Victor Andrade de , Fortes Rafael
Published: March 2015

Tendo em conta que é usual a mobilização da prática esportiva na construção de discursos identitários, este estudo tem por objetivo discutir as representações da imprensa de Cabo Verde sobre a participação da equipe nacional na Taça Amílcar Cabral, uma competição de futebol disputada, a partir de 1979, por seleções de países da chamada Zona 2 do Conselho Superior do Desporto da África. Trabalhou-se com o Voz di Povo, periódico dirigido pelo Partido Africano para Independência da Guiné e de Cabo Verde (PAIGC), que esteve à frente do governo entre os anos de 1975 e 1991. Sugerimos que as diferentes posições sobre o envolvimento do país com esse torneio nos permitem perceber as mudanças em curso na administração governamental, relacionadas, inclusive, aos trânsitos e negociações ligadas à identidade cabo-verdiana.
Capital humano: una visión desde la teoría crítica
Authors: Ospina Duvan Emilio Ramírez
Published: March 2015

Este trabajo es el resultado de la investigación Capital Humano como factor de crecimiento Económico, en el cual se desarrolla una reflexión crítica sobre la teoría del Capital Humano, el abordaje se hace desde la teoría económica y el análisis tiene como referente los planteamientos de la Escuela de Frankfurt, especialmente en lo que tiene que ver con el uso desde la perspectiva de la racionalidad. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se trata de una investigación cualitativa, basada en un proceso de carácter interpretativo y comprensivo de tipo Histórico Hermenéutico, el método utilizado responde a una finalidad de descripción, interpretación, argumentación, que permitan avanzar hacia la comprensión de las temáticas estudiadas en un proceso dialéctico. Como resultado del proceso investigativo se hace un análisis de la instrumentalización de la educación, la formación, la capacidad de trabajo y el estado de salud del hombre, y aún de su propio ser, las cuales se consideran de la misma naturaleza que una maquina y quedan cosificadas al ser convertidas en mercancías comerciales que se venden en el mercado, lo que determina la posibilidad de colocarle un precio pagado en el mercado a la productividad de un tipo de trabajo determinado, a la acción del propio hombre y el desarrollo de sus capacidades superiores que deberían permitirle contribuir al logro de una sociedad mejor y una vida más digna.
Utopía como imaginación organizacional en el pensamiento crítico de Guerreiro-Ramos
Authors: Salgado Francisco , Abad Andrés
Published: March 2015

Este artículo analiza la esencia de la obra de Alberto Guerreiro-Ramos en el marco del pensamiento crítico latinoamericano en los estudios de la administración. Se analizan sus propuestas básicas desde la perspectiva de la utopía, comprendida como una investigación sistemática de principios alternativos de organización distintos a la forma empresarial funcionalista. Se exploran conceptos como de la reducción sociológica, el hombre parentético y la teoría de la delimitación de los sistemas sociales desde un enfoque de las perspectivas utópicas; esto es, la reformulación de las estructuras y dinámicas sociales propuestas por Guerreiro-Ramos como alternativas al ethos del mercado. Asimismo se explica cómo la dinámica y acción recíproca entre la sociedad y los ámbitos organizacionales permiten imaginar alternativas para la emancipación, la búsqueda de la razón sustantiva y la realización plena del ser humano.
Enrique Dussel: contribuições para a crítica ética e radical nos Estudos Organizacionais
Authors: Misoczky Maria Ceci , Camara Guilherme Dornelas
Published: March 2015

Nesse ensaio, vinculamo-nos ao esforço que alguns autores vêm realizando de elaborar uma crítica ética e radical nos Estudos Organizacionais (EO) para libertar pelo menos algumas de suas partes da colonização pelo management. Nesse sentido, tomamos como referência as proposições criticamente situadas na América Latina da Filosofia da Libertação (FL) elaboradas por Enrique Dussel. Na primeira parte, apresentamos uma visão abrangente desta vasta obra que se justifica pela apropriação parcial e mesmo incoerente que vem sendo realizada nos EO. Na segunda parte, discutimos algumas apropriações que vêm sendo feitas por autores vinculados aos EO no contexto latino-americano, com destaque para o brasileiro. Esse diálogo crítico é indispensável para que se libere o caminho para que a FL de Dussel contribua para o exercício de uma crítica que negue, lado a lado com as vítimas, a legitimidade de um sistema que explora e oprime e que, simultaneamente, se comprometa com a afirmação da vida humana em comunidade e, portanto, com a práxis da libertação.
La Teoría Crítica como perspectiva de análisis de las relaciones de dominación y los procesos de descentralización en Chile
Authors: Monje-Reyes Pablo Aurélio
Published: March 2015

Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir los elementos centrales de la Teoría Crítica para el análisis de las relaciones de poder en el Chile actual. La discusión se centra en la relación entre dominantes y dominados, en la estructura de administración territorial del Estado de Chile. Metodológicamente se desarrolla un análisis de principales premisas elaboradas por los autores de la Teoría Crítica, para contrastarlas con elementos prácticos del proceso de descentralización político-administrativa del Estado chileno. Se reflexiona sobre las reformas estructurales del Estado implementadas en la década de los 1980 y si éstas han traído consigo cambios en las relaciones de poder. El eje central de debate con la teoría son las políticas de modernización del Estado, enfocadas en la descentralización del poder político-administrativo, las cuales se han desarrollado en los últimos 30 años por intermedio de las nuevas formas de gobierno regional y local. Estas nuevas instancias de gobierno han permitido la participación, en forma directa o indirecta, de la ciudadanía en las acciones de gobierno y gestión pública. Sin embargo, este artículo concluye, tanto desde la perspectiva teórica como de la praxis, que las lógicas y formas de dominación del Estado chileno se siguen manteniendo inalterables; aún más, se han perfeccionado a través de la creación de organismos descentralizados del poder. Se mantienen los conflictos territoriales, la relación centro-región es de dominación de arriba hacia abajo. Por lo tanto, esto deja en entredicho que las políticas de modernización del Estado, sustentadas en procesos de descentralización, permiten modificar las relaciones de poder entre dominantes y dominados.
Non-capitalist organizations in Latin America: lessons from the Brazilian Faxinal grassroot community
Authors: Vizeu Fabio , Seifert Rene Eugenio , Hocayen-da-Silva Antônio João
Published: March 2015

This essay reveals the foundations of an unconventional form of social organization observed in Brazil's South region, the Faxinal. Methodologically, from the perspective that the Faxinal community embodies a traditional form of organization that has decreased dramatically in recent decades and that many of its original features have changed, we decided to adopt a historical approach. This was a means used to grasp traits and characteristics that, although lost or abandoned, may be instructive regarding the study objectives. Historically, capitalism has taken a position of higher order, by disseminating ideological principles and rationality as possibilities of evolution and better life when compared to the traditional foundations of social organization. The hegemonic view of the dominant model, with determinations imposed by instrumental rationality, pose limits to the richness deriving from the multiplicity of beliefs, traditions, particular customs and practices of the Faxinais, as it supports the generation of ideas and thoughts aimed at maintaining the rationale of development and progress. Thus, substantive organizational phenomena, such as the Faxinais, are situated in a historical process of construction, subject to the local social context of Brazilian regions marginalized by the urbanization and rationalization process of the capitalist economy, which has led their members to devise ways of organizing the social, economic, and political life based on principles different from those that support ideologically the capitalist organizational model. Therefore, the characteristics of the Faxinais point out Unconventional Form of Organization that break with the assumptions of the Organizational Studies.
Morfologia Polínica de Populações Amazônicas de Elaeis oleifera
Authors: MARTINS Lúcia Helena Pinheiro , MIRANDA Ires Paula de Andrade , NUNES Cley Donizeti
Published: March 2015

Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés - Arecaceae (caiaué) apresenta características vantajosas para a hibridação com o dendê E. guineensis que variam entre populações. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a discriminação de populações amazônicas, caracterizou-se a morfologia do pólen de dez populações de caiaué (Acajatuba, Amatari, Autazes, BR-174, Careiro, Manicoré, Maués, Moura, Novo Aripuanã e Tefé). Utilizou-se o método da acetólise para eliminação do conteúdo celular e observou-se o tamanho, forma, abertura e superfície dos grãos de pólen. A população Novo Aripuanã apresentou maior tamanho médio dos grãos de pólen (49,0 μm) e as populações Amatari, BR-174 e Moura os menores (42,5 a 44,0 μm). Os grãos de pólen são elípticos ou piriformes, com abertura monocolpada e superfície microrreticulada. Observou-se, também, anormalidades morfológicas em alguns grãos. A morfologia polínica separou as populações amazônicas em três grupos e, quando associada a outras análises (isoenzimas e DNA), pode representar uma ferramenta importante na discriminação de populações.
Evidence for a stress hypothesis: hemiparasitism effect on the colonization of Alchornea castaneaefolia A. Juss.uphorbiaceae) by Galling Insects
Authors: SCHWARTZ Gustavo , HANAZAKI Natalia , SILVA Marivana B. , IZZO Thiago J. , BEJAR María E. P. , MESQUITA Mariana R. , FERNANDES G. Wilson
Published: March 2015

Stressed plants are generally more attacked by galling insects. In this study we investigated the relationship between population abundance and species richness of galling insects on the tree Alchornea castaneaefolia A. JUSS. (Euphorbiaceae), submited to stress induced by the hemiparasite Psittacanthus sp. (Loranthaceae) in the Amazon, Brazil. Branches of A. castaneaefolia attacked by the hemiparasite were more heavily infested by galling insects than non-attacked branches. The field observations partially corroborate the hypothesis that there would be an optimal level of host-plant stress for galling insect establishment.
Caracterização da frota pesqueira de Parintins, Itacoatiara e Manacapuru, Estado do Amazonas
Authors: BATISTA Vandick da Silva
Published: March 2015

A frota pesqueira de Manacapuru, Itacoatiara e Parintins foi analisada em suas características físicas e comparada com a frota Manaus através de dados coletados diretamente nos portos de desembarque e de dados secundários obtidos junto à órgãos federais e a Federação de Pescadores. Foi encontrado que as canoas isoladas variaram de tamanho entre os centros analisados, sendo as maiores encontradas em Manacapuru e Itacoatiara. Os barcos de pesca de Parintins foram significativamente menores que os barcos de pesca de Manaus, Manacapuru e Itacoatiara. O motor Yanmar predominou em todos os municípios, havendo uma relação linear entre a potência deste motor e o tamanho do barco. Manacapuru apresenta barcos mais velhos, seguido da frota de Itacoatiara. As frotas de Parintins e Manaus foram as mais jovens, tendo esta última maior amplitude de idades. Foram encontrados entre 5-6 pescadores por barco de pesca e 2-3 por canoa isolada. A duração das pescarias efetuadas pelos barcos de pesca é crescente descendo o rio, mas não difere para as canoas isoladas entre os centros urbanos. O rendimento da pesca foi menor para os barcos de pesca de Parintins, sendo o rendimento por pescador dos barcos de pesca melhor que o das canoas no período de safra. A partir dos resultados concluiuse que há diferenciação nas características da frota que desembarca em Parintins (Médio Amazonas) em relação aquela desembarcando em Itacoatiara e Manacapuru e que a pesca efetuada com canoas isoladas deve ser tratada diferenciadamente daquela efetuada com barcos de pesca.
Posição habitual da língua e dos lábios nos padrões de crescimento anteroposterior e vertical
Authors: Berwig Luana Cristina , Ritzel Rodrigo Agne , Silva Ana Maria Toniolo da , Mezzomo Carolina Lisbôa , Côrrea Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues , Serpa Eliane Oliveira
Published: March 2015

OBJETIVO: estudar a posição habitual da língua e dos lábios nos padrões de crescimento anteroposterior e vertical de crianças em fase de dentição mista. MÉTODOS: a amostra foi constituída por 54 crianças, na faixa etária entre sete e 11 anos. As crianças selecionadas foram encaminhadas para avaliação radiográfica e análise cefalométrica, que possibilitou a obtenção de ângulos SNA, SNB e ANB (padrão de crescimento anteroposterior) e da classificação do tipo facial entre braquifacial, mesofacial e dolicofacial (padrão de crescimento vertical). A posição da língua e dos lábios foi determinada a partir da observação das radiografias cefalométricas por duas fonoaudiólogas com experiência na área de motricidade orofacial. A posição habitual da língua foi classificada como na papila palatina, com dorso elevado ou no assoalho oral, e a posição habitual dos lábios, como fechados ou entreabertos/abertos. Para verificar a relação entre a posição habitual da língua e dos lábios com os padrões de crescimento anteroposterior e vertical foram utilizados os testes estatísticos Análise de Variância, t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney e Qui-Quadrado, ao nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: verificou-se relação estatisticamente significante entre a posição da língua e o ângulo SNB, sendo que as crianças com posição de língua no assoalho oral apresentaram ângulo SNB significantemente menor do que as crianças com posição habitual de língua na papila palatina. Verificou-se ângulo SNB significantemente menor nas crianças com posição de lábios entreabetos ou abertos quando comparadas às crianças com posição de lábios fechados. Não houve diferença entre a posição habitual da língua e dos lábios nos demais padrões de crescimento anteroposterior e de crescimento vertical. CONCLUSÃO: a posição habitual de lábios e de língua apresentou relação com o padrão de crescimento mandibular, não tendo sido influenciada pelo tipo facial.
Produção e discriminação do contraste de sonoridade das plosivas nos casos de desvio fonológico
Authors: Melo Roberta Michelon , Mota Helena Bolli , Mezzomo Carolina Lisbôa , Brasil Brunah de Castro
Published: March 2015

O contraste de sonoridade das plosivas representa uma complexa coordenação acústica e articulatória, muitas vezes prejudicada nos desvios fonológicos. Por esse motivo, acredita-se que esforços devem ser realizados no sentido de melhor entender os fatores que influenciam na estabilização desse contraste. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi correlacionar os dados de produção e o desempenho em um teste de discriminação do traço [+voz] em crianças com desvio fonológico. Para isso foram avaliados cinco meninos com desvio fonológico e dificuldade na produção das plosivas sonoras, entre outras dificuldades de fala. Por meio de pares de palavras inseridos em frase-veículo, observou-se a ocorrência de produção de Voice Onset Time positivo durante a produção de plosivas [+voz] e o padrão de duração das vogais adjacentes às plosivas surdas e sonoras. Elaborou-se um Teste de Discriminação de Sonoridade das Plosivas, a fim de se avaliar o desempenho dos sujeitos em relação à discriminação. O teste consiste de 12 pares de palavras, diferenciados apenas pelo contraste [+voz] e representados por figuras. Na análise descritiva, não se verificou uma relação direta entre dificuldade de produção do contraste de sonoridade das plosivas e discriminação auditiva desses segmentos, tanto na observação da produção de pré-sonoridade, quanto na observação da produção do padrão de duração das vogais. Mesmo assim, salienta-se que o emprego de uma avaliação de discriminação, bem como, de análise acústica nos casos de desvio fonológico, não devem ser desprezados pelos fonoaudiólogos, uma vez que esses instrumentos podem fornecer informações fundamentais para um bom progresso terapêutico.
Evidence of polygamy in the socially monogamous Amazonian fish Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) (Osteoglossiformes, Arapaimidae)
Authors: Farias Izeni Pires , Leão Adam , Almeida Yane Santos , Verba Júlia Tovar , Crossa M. Marcelo , Honczaryk Alexandre , Hrbek Tomas
Published: March 2015

Arapaima gigas is one of the largest freshwater fishes of the world. It is socially monogamous, forming pairs, constructing a nest and providing parental care. We performed a paternity analysis under three scenarios in captive, semi-natural and natural areas using 10 microsatellite markers. As a positive control, we analyzed three pairs and their offspring isolated individually in artificial breeding ponds (a priori very high probability of monogamy). We then analyzed two samples of offspring from large artificial ponds with multiple adults but only one reproductive pair (a priori high probability of monogamy), two samples from semi-natural breeding station with multiple adults but only one reproductive pair (a priori high probability of monogamy), and a sample from a natural lake with multiple adults, some potentially breeding (a priori medium probability of monogamy). Analysis of patterns of Mendelian heredity suggested an extra-pair contribution for all broods except the positive controls. Similarly, results based on multilocus analysis estimated at least two sib-groups per nest. These results reject monogamy as a system of breeding in Arapaima gigas. From a management perspective, this behavior may be exploited to maintain genetic diversity in captive and as well in wild populations of Arapaima gigas.
Psychometric Studies of the Learning Strategies Scale for University Students
Authors: Boruchovitch Evely , Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli dos
Published: March 2015

The aim of this article is to examine the psychometric properties of a learning strategies scale for university students. The scale was composed of 49 Likert scale items related to cognitive and metacognitive strategies. It was applied in a sample of 1,490 university students. The factor analysis revealed that 35 items had acceptable loadings and identified a three factor structure: Factor 1 - Cognitive and Metacognitive Self-regulation, Factor 2 - Internal Resource and Context regulation, and Factor 3 - Social regulation. Its internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and was .87 for the total scale, .86 for Factor 1, .71 for Factor 2 and .65 for Factor 3. The total variance explained was 26.6%. Further studies are suggested based on confirmatory factor analyses, so that the scale can be better utilized in psychoeducational evaluation.
Students’ Motivation for Learning in Virtual Learning Environments
Authors: Beluce Andrea Carvalho , Oliveira Katya Luciane de
Published: March 2015

The specific characteristics of online education require of the student engagement and autonomy, factors which are related to motivation for learning. This study investigated students’ motivation in virtual learning environments (VLEs). For this, it used the Teaching and Learning Strategy and Motivation to Learn Scale in Virtual Learning Environments (TLSM-VLE). The scale presented 32 items and six dimensions, three of which aimed to measure the variables of autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and demotivation. The participants were 572 students from the Brazilian state of Paraná, enrolled on higher education courses on a continuous education course. The results revealed significant rates for autonomous motivational behavior. It is considered that the results obtained may provide contributions for the educators and psychologists who work with VLEs, leading to further studies of the area providing information referent to the issue investigated in this study.
The Absence of Generosity and Obedience to Authority: Judgments of Teachers and Students From Kindergarten
Authors: Kawashima Rosana Akemi , Martins Raul Aragão
Published: March 2015

Preschool Education can provide conditions for the construction of moral values in children. This study’s objective was to investigate the judgment of teachers and students in Primary Education regarding the virtue of generosity and whether, in this judgment, it is valued more than obedience to authority. Interviews were held with 26 teachers and 90 children from four municipal schools, using a stimulus-story about an activity using modeling clay. The results indicated that, for the majority of participants, the attitude of the teacher in the stimulus-story, in not helping the child and demanding obedience in first place, is wrong. In relation to the reasons, for the majority of the teachers, the lack of help is justified because the activity with the modeling clay should be free, prioritizing the child’s wishes. For the majority of the children, however, the teachers’ lack of help is felt as failure to attribute postive value. Furthermore, it was observed that the strength of the virtue of generosity among the participants in this study is weak.
Florística e Fitossociologia de uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, Reserva Privada Osununú-Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Velazco Santiago José Elías , Galvão Franklin , Keller Héctor Alejandro , Bedrij Natalia Alejandra
Published: March 2015

O estudo foi realizado em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Misiones, Argentina), com o objetivo de analisar as variáveis fitossociológicas das espécies arbóreas, por meio da estratificação da área de acordo com a geomorfologia. Inicialmente, baseando-se na declividade e por meio de fotointerpretação, a área foi compartimentalizada em: planície, encostas com declividade média, encostas com declividade alta e topo. Dentro de cada compartimento, foram alocados três conglomerados compostos de quatro subunidades de 100 m2, totalizando 48 subunidades, nas quais foram incluídas todas as árvores com circunferência à altura do peito ≥ 10 cm, sendo também medidas a profundidade do solo e a declividade. Foram amostradas 72 espécies, 59 gêneros e 31 famílias. Foi possível detectar variações das espécies e dos valores de importância, obtidos de acordo o gradiente topográfico. Na Análise de Correspondência Canônica, os valores de cobertura das espécies mostraram ter uma correlação significativa com os parâmetros profundidade de solo e declividade.