bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automated Platform for Long-Term Culture and High-Content Phenotyping of Single C. elegans Worms
Authors: Atakan H. B. , Xiang R. , Cornaglia M. , Mouchiroud L. , Katsyuba E. , Auwerx J. , Gijs M. A. M.
Published: October 2019

The nematodeCaenorhabditis elegansis a suitable model organism in drug screening. Traditionally worms are grown on agar plates, posing many challenges for long-term culture and phenotyping of animals under identical conditions. Microfluidics allows for ‘personalized’ phenotyping, as microfluidic chips permit collecting individual responses over worms’ full life. Here, we present a multiplexed, high-throughput, high-resolution microfluidic approach to cultureC.elegansfrom embryo to the adult stage at single animal resolution. We allocated single embryos to growth chambers, for observing the main embryonic and post-embryonic development stages and phenotypes, while exposing worms to up to 8 different well-controlled chemical conditions. Our approach allowed eliminating bacteria aggregation and biofilm formation-related clogging issues, which enabled us performing up to 80 hours of automated single worm culture studies. Our microfluidic platform is linked with an automated phenotyping code that registers organism-associated phenotypes at high-throughput. We validated our platform with a dose-response study of the anthelmintic drug tetramisole by studying its influence through the life cycle of the nematodes. In parallel, we could observe development effects and variations in single embryo and worm viability due to the bleaching procedure that is standardly used for harvesting the embryos from a worm culture agar plate.
Cryo-EM structure of the bacterial Ton motor subcomplex ExbB–ExbD provides information on structure and stoichiometry
Authors: Celia Herve , Botos Istvan , Ni Xiaodan , Fox Tara , De Val Natalia , Lloubes Roland , Jiang Jiansen , Buchanan Susan K.
Published: October 2019

The TonB–ExbB–ExbD molecular motor harnesses the proton motive force across the bacterial inner membrane to couple energy to transporters at the outer membrane, facilitating uptake of essential nutrients such as iron and cobalamine. TonB physically interacts with the nutrient-loaded transporter to exert a force that opens an import pathway across the outer membrane. Until recently, no high-resolution structural information was available for this unique molecular motor. We published the first crystal structure of ExbB–ExbD in 2016 and showed that five copies of ExbB are arranged as a pentamer around a single copy of ExbD. However, our spectroscopic experiments clearly indicated that two copies of ExbD are present in the complex. To resolve this ambiguity, we used single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to show that the ExbB pentamer encloses a dimer of ExbD in its transmembrane pore, and not a monomer as previously reported. The revised stoichiometry has implications for motor function.
Above-below surface interactions mediate effects of seagrass disturbance on meiobenthic diversity, nematode and polychaete trophic structure
Authors: Nascimento Francisco J. A. , Dahl Martin , Deyanova Diana , Lyimo Liberatus D. , Bik Holly M. , Schuelke Taruna , Pereira Tiago José , Björk Mats , Creer Simon , Gullström Martin
Published: October 2019

Ecological interactions between aquatic plants and sediment communities can shape the structure and function of natural systems. Currently, we do not fully understand how seagrass habitat degradation impacts the biodiversity of belowground sediment communities. Here, we evaluated indirect effects of disturbance of seagrass meadows on meiobenthic community composition, with a five-month in situ experiment in a tropical seagrass meadow. Disturbance was created by reducing light availability (two levels of shading), and by mimicking grazing events (two levels) to assess impacts on meiobenthic diversity using high-throughput sequencing of 18S rRNA amplicons. Both shading and simulated grazing had an effect on meiobenthic community structure, mediated by seagrass-associated biotic drivers and sediment abiotic variables. Additionally, shading substantially altered the trophic structure of the nematode community. Our findings show that degradation of seagrass meadows can alter benthic community structure in coastal areas with potential impacts to ecosystem functions mediated by meiobenthos in marine sediments.
Comprehensive modeling of bloodstain aging by multivariate Raman spectral resolution with kinetics
Authors: Takamura Ayari , Watanabe Daisuke , Shimada Rintaro , Ozawa Takeaki
Published: October 2019

Blood, as a cardinal biological system, is a challenging target for biochemical characterization because of sample complexity and a lack of analytical approaches. To reveal and evaluate aging process of blood compositions is an unexplored issue in forensic analysis, which is useful to elucidate the details of a crime. Here we demonstrate a spectral deconvolution model of near-infrared Raman spectra of bloodstain to comprehensively describe the aging process based on the chemical mechanism, particularly the kinetics. The bloodstain spectra monitored over several months at different temperatures are decomposed into significant spectral components by multivariate calculation. The kinetic schemes of the spectral components are explored and subsequently incorporated into the developed algorithm for the optimal spectral resolution. Consequently, the index of bloodstain aging is proposed, which can be used under different experimental conditions. This work provides a novel perspective on the chemical mechanisms in bloodstain aging and facilitates forensic applications.
Regulation of MSC and macrophage functions in bone healing by peptide LL-37-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles on a titanium surface
Authors: He Ye , Yang Xin , Yuan Zhang , Shen Xinkun , Xu Kun , Lin Chuanchuan , Tao Bailong , Li Ke , Chen Maowen , Hu Yan , Luo Zhong , Xia Zengzilu , Cai Kaiyong
Published: October 2019

The paracrine interaction between MSCs and macrophages was effectively regulated with the immobilization of LL-37-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles on a titanium surface.
Cation–π interactions secure aggregation induced emission of planar organic luminophores
Authors: Leduskrasts Kaspars , Kinens Artis , Suna Edgars
Published: October 2019

The use of non-covalent intermolecular π+–π interactions between quaternary pyridinium or imidazolium cations and aromatic π systems is an efficient approach to achieve AIE in planar purely organic luminophores.
Study on the photoelectrocatalytic performance of a WO3thin film electrode by constructing a BiOI/WO3heterojunction
Authors: Bi Qiang , Gao Yue , Dang Chenxuan , Wang Zengqiang , Xue Juanqin
Published: October 2019

A WO3thin film electrode containing a BiOI/WO3heterojunction was constructed using simple hydrothermal and electrodeposition methods. This study provides a novel theoretical basis for the development of high performance WO3photocatalytic materials.
Theoretical–computational modelling of the temperature dependence of the folding–unfolding thermodynamics and kinetics: the case of a Trp-cage
Authors: D'Abramo Marco , Del Galdo Sara , Amadei Andrea
Published: October 2019

Here we present a theoretical–computational study of the thermodynamics and kinetics of an aqueous Trp-cage, a 20-residue long miniprotein.
Interpenetrating graphene network bct-C40: a promising anode material for Li ion batteries
Authors: Yu Shicheng , Wang Zhiqiang , Xiong Lixin , Xiong Wan , Ouyang Chuying
Published: October 2019

Bct-C40 as a anode material for Li ion batteries with high capacity, ultrafast Li ion migration and excellent structural stability.
An efficient flexible graphene-based light-emitting device
Authors: Jiang Guangya , Tian He , Wang Xue-Feng , Hirtz Thomas , Wu Fan , Qiao Yan-Cong , Gou Guang-Yang , Wei Yu-Hong , Yang Jing-Ming , Yang Sifan , Yang Yi , Ren Tian-Ling
Published: October 2019

This work provides a colour-tunable flexible light-emitting device based on laser-induced reduced graphene oxide with a wall-plug efficiency of up to 1.4%.
Multifunctional dual-mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with a protein and dual antitumor drugs as a targeted delivery system
Authors: Song Fangxiang , Li Yan , Wang Shuai , Zhang Li , Chen QianLin
Published: October 2019

Herein, dual-mesoporous structure silica (with pore sizes from 2 to 4 nm and from 4 to 16 nm) simultaneously modified with amino and carboxyl groups was successfully synthesized.
Exploring a glycosylation methodology for the synthesis of hydroxamate-modified alginate building blocks
Authors: Dimitriou Eleni , Miller Gavin J.
Published: October 2019

Mixed sequence, C6-hydroxamate-modified alginate disaccharides are prepared using NIS/TMSOTf glycosylation.
Understanding the effect of monomer structure of oligoethylene glycol acrylate copolymers on their thermoresponsive behavior for the development of polymeric sensors
Authors: Vancoillie Gertjan , Van Guyse Joachim F. R. , Voorhaar Lenny , Maji Samarendra , Frank Daniel , Holder Elizabeth , Hoogenboom Richard
Published: October 2019

Oligoethylene glycol acrylate (OEGA) polymers are a class of thermoresponsive polymers. Three new OEGA monomer combinations were investigated, which revealed three different types of thermoresponsive behavior as a function of copolymer composition.
Fabrication and in situ functionalisation of mesoporous silica films by the physical entrapment of functional and responsive block copolymer structuring agents
Authors: Tom Jessica C. , Appel Christian , Andrieu-Brunsen Annette
Published: October 2019

Stimuli-responsive mesoporous silica films were prepared by evaporation-induced self-assembly through the physical entrapment of a functional block copolymer structuring agent, which simultaneously serves to functionalise the mesopore.
Using optical tweezing to control phase separation and nucleation near a liquid–liquid critical point
Authors: Walton Finlay , Wynne Klaas
Published: October 2019

Laser-induced phase separation (LIPS) and LIPS and nucleation (LIPSaN) harness fluctuations near a liquid–liquid critical point using optical tweezing and underlie the process of nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN).
Gelled non-toxic microemulsions: phase behavior & rheology
Authors: Peng Ke , Sottmann Thomas , Stubenrauch Cosima
Published: October 2019

First formulation and characterization of a non-toxic bicontinuous microemulsion gelled by a molecular gelator as potential transdermal drug delivery system.
Structural and electronic properties of multifunctional carbon composites of organometal halide perovskites
Authors: Klejna Sylwia
Published: October 2019

Comprehensive study of the electronic coupling at the interface of the organometal halide perovskite thin film and various carbon nanostructures: graphene, graphene oxide, fullerene and fullerenol.
Research on evaluation indicators system of operation performance for desulfurization denitrification and dedusting equipment in key industries
Authors: Huang Jin , Lin Ling , Gao Xiang , Zhu Tingyu , Wu Xuecheng , Fu Zhiming , Zhang Xiaoxin , Guo Yangyang , Yan Xiaomiao
Published: October 2019

As the situation of air pollutants control is more severe and the policy of energy-saving and emission reduction related industries become stricter at current time, it’s urgent to carry out operation performance assessment work for flue gas desulfurization denitrification and dedusting equipment. This article analyses the current operation situation of the equipment of air pollutants emission and control in thermal power and steel industries in China, which shows the necessity and the urgency of a series of national technical specifications of operation performance assessment for flue gas desulfurization denitrification and dedusting equipment in key industries. Furthermore, the paper highlights the building of operation performance evaluation indicators system for coal-fired flue gas desulfurization denitrification equipment and dust collector for sintering flue gas from iron and steel industries, and the qualitative assessment requirements and the quantitative evaluation indicators, which could promote the construction of operation effectiveness assessment mechanism for air pollutants control equipment of key industries in China and accelerate the reliability and the effectiveness of the equipment operating in China by standardization.
Research on Standard System for “Double Control” of Total Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity
Authors: Ding Qing , Chen Haihong , Li Pengcheng , Liu Meng , Lin Ling
Published: October 2019

The significance of the principles and methods for building the standard system for “double control” was analyzed. A framework of standard system for “double control” was preliminarily built, comprising three subsystems of fundamental common, total energy consumption control and energy intensity control. The features and shortcomings of standards for “double control” was analyzed, as a reference for the continuous improvement of the standard system for “double control”, as well as the research and preparation of key standards in the future.
Fuzzy Multi-Attribute Decision Making Method of Energy Alternative Evaluation
Authors: Wang HaoJing , Chen Fang , Zhang Yu
Published: October 2019

It’s important to make the suitable energy alternatives with the comprehensive technical and economic indicators for energy-saving, emissions reduction and energy comprehensive utilization under the condition of the optimal comprehensive technology and economy index. A new fuzzy multi-attribute decision making method based on expectation is proposed to construct optimal evaluation index system for electric energy alternatives in the case that the weight information is completely unknown or only partially available. The quantitative analysis of attribute value is carried out, and the weight of each layer in the index system is determined by weighting and comparing with each other. Then, the optimization of power alternatives is achieved. The simulation results prove that the proposed method can not only make full use of the objective fuzzy information, but also achieve the interests of all parties with the advantages of practicability, efficiency and easy operation.
Study on Chemical Cleaning Agent in Treatment of Abandoned Oil Pipeline
Authors: Yang Fajie , Li Chunman , Li Jing , Wang Hongtao , Wu Siyu , Gao Yanqing
Published: October 2019

After pipeline construction burst china energy pipeline industry commonly faced with aging and abandonment problem. The study on pipeline abandonment was still in preliminary state, because there is nearly no pipeline abandonment standards and guidelines. Pipeline cleaning is the first step to dispose the abandoned pipeline to eliminate the risk of environment and safety. In foreign developed countries there are many chemical cleaning agents. But this chemical cleaning agent is not suitable for residual of chines pipeline because of oil difference between china and foreign country. The most of residual in china have a very high paraffin and resin-asphaltenes content. So preparation of chemical cleaning suitable for china residual is a challenge on the technology of abandonment pipeline. In this paper two kinds of chemical cleaning agent were prepared to clean the different type of residual. They are hydrophilic chemical cleaning agent and oil soluble chemical cleaning agent. The result of cleaning project shows that the both kind of chemical cleaning have good performance for the abandoned pipeline. The chemical cleaning agents will assist pipeline company to totally clean the abandoned pipeline to ensure the public safety and environment protection.
Study on Selective Pyrolysis of Biomass for Production of Upgraded Bio-Oil
Authors: Ye Xiaoning , Lei Xuejiao , Wang Caixia , Li Qionghui , Yuan Wei , Li Ziqian
Published: October 2019

Biomass fast pyrolysis liquefaction to obtain biological oil is a mixture of water and hundreds of organic compounds, can be used as liquid fuel or chemical raw materials used in different fields. In order to increase the application value of the bio-oil, on the one hand, the biological oil can be refined, on the other hand can target specific biomass raw materials, selective control pyrolysis reaction process, thereby gaining specific high grade oil. With the improvement of catalyst preparation, a variety of new king of catalysts were introduced to the field of biomass pyrolysis. Recently, some researches had reported that some chemicals can be selectively promoted by introducing specific technology during pyrolysis process. Using this technology, chemical-riched liquid would be produced and the following purification process would be greatly simplified. Hence, developing new kind of technique with high selectivity to realize a variety of chemical preparation will be an inexorable trend in the field of biomass pyrolysis.
Analysis of Load Characteristics of Typical Large Industrial Users in Hunan Province Based on K-means Clustering
Authors: Wen Ming , Chen Yong , Chen Fenkai , An Lili , Chen Bo , Zeng Ting , He Qing , Fu Chengran
Published: October 2019

The analysis of load characteristics of large industrial users is the basis for understanding the way of using electricity and analyzing its electricity consumption behavior. The power load of 13 typical large industrial users in Hunan Province was selected, and based on K-means clustering method and distance equalization function, the optimal number of clusters for large industrial users was determined, and the user classification was finally realized to analyze the load characteristics of each type of users. The results show that the load characteristics of each type of users have a certain degree of difference, and the trend of power consumption trends is different, but the daily average load curve fluctuations of each type of users are basically the same, which are consistent with the law of electricity consumption.
AHP- fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the safety risk in power investment project along “the Belt and Road”
Authors: Yang Taihua , Li Zhixiang , Qin Jing
Published: October 2019

Energy is the focal point of “the belt and Road” investment cooperation. Because of the uncertainty factors, the safety risk of investment and construction is high, so the management and control of project is very difficult. Taking the 50M wind farm project in a South Asian country as an example, this paper constructs a safety risk assessment index system including 14 basic factors through the identification of the safety factors of “the belt and road” power investment project, and analyzes it by using the AHPfuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that the final safety risk evaluation score of a power investment project in a South Asian country belongs to the “medium risk” range. Geopolitical risk, national sovereignty risk, local legal risk and local natural environment risk are the main indicators, whose risk grade is relatively high. Finally, the paper puts forward the effective risk countermeasures and suggestions.
Guideline for green design of water heater products
Authors: Zong Jianfang , Gao Dongfeng , Tian Jianwei , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the overseas and domestic backgrounds for green design of water heater products, regulates the purposes and basic principles of eco-design of water heater products, and provides the eco-design requirements, eco-design procedure, major methods of eco-design, eco-design evaluation and improvement, and product information provision and sharing. This paper will provide the guiding targets for the water heater product manufacturer, standardize the enterprise behavior of water heater product, and lead the water heater product enterprise to implement the product green design, which is of great significance in promoting the transformation and upgrading of water heater product, enhancing the green manufacturing level and increasing the green product supply.
Minimizing the supply temperature at the district heating plant – dynamic optimization
Authors: Chicherin Stanislav , Junussova Lyazzat , Junussov Timur
Published: October 2019

The constraint contains two elements, namely the heat losses and the electricity consumption for pumping at the producer. The aim was to achieve the lowest acceptable costs in an operation. The options with the supply temperature at the area starting point set to 80/60, then 60/40, and eventually 50/30 (low temperature, 4th generation district heating) were tested. The balance between the savings due to lower heat losses and the electricity consumption of pumps could be performed to assess the economic viability of the solution. This means that if the electricity price is sufficiently high, the model will always choose to minimize electricity consumption and thereby, maximise the profit from high temperature difference. Results concerning heat losses consider both experiences of proper insulation of pipes with variety of design outdoor temperatures (DOTs) and long term measurements from a pump station for district heating (DH) network in Canberra, Australia. We also noted that the heat energy tariffs and purchase price of electricity affect a lot optimal configuration of a DH system. For the best scenario, solutions are obtained that reach over 12% of the available saving potential after calculating 11 equations. Knowing that the policy is updated on a case study base, this is considered a promising result.
Effect of Environmental Wind on Performance of a 600MW Direct Air-cooled Unit Based on FLUENT
Authors: Xu Junfeng , Wang Taoying , Zhao Minmin
Published: October 2019

The external flow field of a 600MW air-cooled unit is numerically simulated based on FLUENT. The distribution law of air flow field of air-cooled unit under different wind speed and wind direction conditions is studied. The influence of wind speed and wind direction on the heat transfer performance of air-cooled unit is analyzed. Predict the exhaust pressure of direct air-cooled unit under the influence of environmental wind. The results show that in the +X direction environmental wind, the first row of air-cooled unit on the windward side is prone to backflow; in the +Y direction environmental wind, the first row of air-cooled unit on the windward side is prone to hot air recirculation. As the wind speed increases, the heat transfer efficiency of the air-cooled unit decreases. The dominant wind direction (WNW) environmental wind has the least impact on the heat transfer efficiency, and the furnace wind (+Y direction wind) has the greatest influence on the heat transfer efficiency. To improve the heat transfer performance of the air-cooled unit under windy conditions, it is necessary to narrow the range of the negative pressure zone below the air-cooled unit and increase the cooling air flow rate of the air-cooled unit.
Design and implementation of a wind solar hybrid power generation system
Authors: Yuankun Du , Wang Lei , Wang Fei
Published: October 2019

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are becoming more and more popular. In all sectors of society can see the presence of unmanned aerial vehicles. However, the short flight time and flight distance always restrict the development of UAV. The most imminent and creative work is how to make the perfect combination of new energy technologies with UAVs. In this paper, a wind-solar hybrid power generation system and its operation scheme design are discussed, and the application of the wind solar hybrid power generation system controlled by a single-chip microcomputer is discussed. The experimental results show that this kind of power generation system and its operation scheme are improved compared with the conventional design.
Development of Ultra-high Pressure Cooling and Quick Freezing Device Based on Hydraulic Transmission
Authors: Li Min , Ling Changming , Ye Biao , Cai Junhao , Wang Wenzhen , Li Junfeng
Published: October 2019

Based on the theory of high pressure supercooling and pressure relief quick freezing, the ultra-high pressure instantaneous freezing device is developed. This device can break through the limitations of existing ultra-high pressure device design. Through the new hydraulic transmission design, It can complete fast pressurization, fast pressure relief and achieve continuous work. The matching of whole systems under certain load conditions, hydraulic transmission system, refrigeration system, pressure vessel and pressure relief system has been completed. The device can realize the whole process of ultra-high pressure quick freezing from food feeding, pressure cooling, pressure relief instant freezing and semi-automatic food discharging. Compared with the conventional same-capacity quick-freezing device, the energy consumption of the instantaneous freezing device under the design condition is only 24.52% of that of the traditional quick-freezing device, which greatly saves energy consumption. From the perspective of application, the design concept of ultra-high pressure quick-freezing device is perfected and the practical process of ultra-high pressure quick-freezing is advanced.
Research on Fault Diagnosis Model of Rotating Machinery Vibration Based on Information Entropy and Improved SVM
Authors: Bing Hankun , Zhao Yuzhu , Pang Le , Zhao Minmin
Published: October 2019

Based on the concept of information entropy, this paper analyzes typical nonlinear vibration fault signals of steam turbine based on spectrum, wavelet and HHT theory methods, and extracts wavelet energy spectrum entropy, IMF energy spectrum entropy, time domain singular value entropy and frequency domain power spectrum entropy as faults. The feature is supported by a support vector machine (SVM) as a learning platform. The research results show that the fusion information entropy describes the vibration fault more comprehensively, and the support vector machine fault diagnosis model can achieve higher diagnostic accuracy.
Effectiveness of Electricity Derivatives Market Based on Hurst Exponent
Authors: Fei Yunzhi , Shao Xufang , Wang Gang , Zhou Li , Xia Xue , He Yongxiu
Published: October 2019

The Rescaled Range Analysis method (R/S Analysis method) is applied to analyze the PJM electricity derivatives market through calculating V statistics and Hurst Exponent of three types of products. The study finds that there is no obvious average cycle in the PJM electricity derivatives market. The price fluctuation of various products is not a non-random walk process but has a long-term memory. It shows that the PJM electricity derivatives market is not completely effective. The study also finds that PJM electricity option market is more effective than PJM electricity futures market.
The Compensation Mothed for Temperature Rise Test of 750kV Magnetic Controllable Reactor
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Lv Bo , Qu Tong , Zhang Haiting , Ma Yunfei , Ma Xiaoting
Published: October 2019

The article introduces the principle of Magnetic Controllable Reactor(MCR) in power system applications, the temperature 1rise test is the important type test in the factory, but it will lead to errors of the temperature rise test results in the factory because the test conditions in the factory is different from the actual operation circuit. In this paper, a compensation method for temperature rise test is introduced, which can make up for the shortcomings of temperature rise test in factory, and the results of simulation by PSCAD and measurement show that the method presented in this pape is effective.
Design of micro solar power generation system
Authors: Wang Qing , Li Tian Ying , Chen Ying , Xie Xin Xiu , Pan Ao
Published: October 2019

In this paper, the authors put forward a design of solar power generation system, mainly due to the authors in the daily learning process often need stability of 5 v DC regulated power supply. The system mainly include solar panels, solar charge controller (i.e., can realize the overcharge, discharge, overvoltage, undervoltage control functions), lithium batteries, DC DC booster module and load equipment. The authors determine the hardware circuit selection through reasonable analysis and calculation. Finally, the stability and reliability of the designed micro solar power generation system were verified by experiments, which meet the expected goals and requirements of the authors.
Application of PVStorage System in Typical Industrial Users
Authors: Wang Haiwen , Wen Daoyuan , Gu Qunyin , Li Fangqin , Gao Weijun , Ren Jianxing
Published: October 2019

The power consumption of industrial enterprises is characterized by large power consumption and high reliability requirement, so the cost of electricity consumption is relatively high. Distributed photovoltaic power generation is clean and environmentally friendly, making full use of the roof area to generate electricity. Based on the characteristics of distributed photovoltaic and energy storage, this paper constructs the distributed optical storage model and operation strategy. In addition, this paper takes an industry as an example to carry out relevant verification and analysis.
Economic Analysis of 4MW Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Project Based on PVsyst Software Simulation
Authors: Wang Hong , Wang Zhijie , Fu Xiaolin
Published: October 2019

We use PVsyst software to simulate and calculate the first year electricity generation of 4 MW distributed photovoltaic power generation project. In order to analyze and select the suitable power plant operation mode, the total generating capacity of photovoltaic power station in 25 years has been estimated by using component attenuation of 25 years. This research reports on the findings shown by PVsyst software that evaluates the economy aspects brought by two kinds of operation modes which are full grid access mode and spontaneous use of residual power grid access mode. The research content has reference value for the construction of roof distributed photovoltaic power station in China.
The Research Of Fluid-structure Interaction Of The Hydrocyclone Under The Condition Of Vibration
Authors: Dekui Xu
Published: October 2019

During the operation of the hydrocyclone, vibrations are often generated by internal fluids and external disturbances resulting in fluid-structure interaction, causing the spatiotemporal evolution of the flow field and the movement of the structure. In this paper, the flow characteristic and the structural motion of the periodic vibrating hydrocyclones are studied. The bidirectional fluid-solid model of hydrocyclone under vibration condition is established. The flow field and structure motion under different vibration frequencies and structure resonances are studied. It shows that the velocities in the three directions oscillate positively and negatively with the motion of structure, the amplitude of the oscillation is the largest on resonance, the skewing of the velocity in the flow field is smaller than the structure; the tangential velocity is asymmetric and the radial velocity is increased significantly, the deformation of the structure is different on the different vibration frequencies, which causes the flow field of distribution of each section to be different. This study will provide the theoretical guidance for the application of hydrocyclone under the vibration conditions.
Application of Modified Gompertz Model to Study on Biogas production from middle temperature co-digestion of pig manure and dead pigs
Authors: Zhu Hongguang , Yang Jing , Xiaowei Cheng
Published: October 2019

The dead pig is an organic waste rich in oil and protein, and is an ideal anaerobic digestion raw material. This study based on single factor ANOVA and Modified Gompertz model. It investigated the effects of the ratio of dead pigs on biogas production by middle temperature co-digestion of pig manure and dead pigs. And the biogas production potential was determined. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the ratio of dead pigs and the biogas production. The ratio would significantly affect the average methane content and degradation rate. When the addition ratio was in the range of 3 to 15%, the biogas production was between 191.39 and 202.44 (L/kg VS). The average contents of methane were 50.67%, 50.35%, 41.83%, 45.53% and 44.57%, respectively. The time required to reach 80% of the biogas production was 28, 34, 36, 65 and 63 days, respectively. The degradation rate of the raw materials was generally decreased with the increase of the addition ratio. The results of Modified Gompertz model fitting showed that the mixed raw materials had a fully anaerobic digestion with high utilization rate and short hysteresis in the range of 0 ~ 9%. Therefore, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 30 days and the addition ratio was in the range of 0 to 6% could be recommended for a continuous digester. It could get a better gas production and higher raw material utilization.
Monitoring and analysis of vertical thermal structure of the Three Gorges Reservoir
Authors: Dai Lingquan , Liu Haibo , Li Wei , Tang Zhengyang , Xu Yang
Published: October 2019

Water temperature plays a crucial role in water ecological environment both in the reservoir and downstream area. Three Gorges Project (TGP) is the largest hydraulic engineering in the world, and changes of water quality attract much more attention, especially in the thermal structure since impoundment. In order to clearly understand water temperature distribution after impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), we monitored the temperature distribution of the Taipingxi section which was not far from the dam from early April to the end of July. According to the analyzing of the monitoring data of transverse and vertical temperature variation, we could find that the temperature mixed uniformly in transverse direction. Excepting April, there was basically had no temperature difference in vertical direction, even in April, the maximum temperature difference was only 1.39°C within 100 meters (April 22), the average temperature gradient was only 0.014°C/m; Both the temperature of water and atmosphere have similar variation tendency, but the response of the water temperature to atmosphere is delayed, especially the bottom water temperature. The result indicate that the reservoir has mixed thermal structure during impoundment phase, so the release temperature had little change after the impoundment, the work provide a scientific basis for the development of pollution control and ecological protection measure.
Experimental study on single factor effect of divergent ultrasonic degradation of methylene blue in water
Authors: Bi Yong-guang , Zhang Xin-ting , Zhou Shao-qi
Published: October 2019

The study of divergent ultrasonic degradation of methylene blue in water was carried out by exploring the ultrasonic intensity of the methylene blue, the initial concentration and the degradation rate of the solution pH. The test results show that the degradation rate of methylene blue decreases with the increase of ultrasonic power.The initial concentration of methylene blue solution is in the range of 0.00-10.00 mg/L. The degradation rate of methylene blue increases as the concentration of the solution increases. when the concentration is greater than 10.00mg/L, the concentration increases, and the ultrasonic degradation rate decreases. When the pH value is higher, the degradation rate of the methylene blue solution increases with the increase of pH, and the degradation rate reaches a maximum of 77.89%. The region where the ultrasonic degradation of methylene blue occurs is mainly at the junction of gas-liquid two phases, and is degraded by forming hydrogen peroxide in the cavitation bubbles and decomposing into various highly active radicals. Ultrasound has the advantages of fast, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness.
Study on Application of Native Plants in Park Greening in Guilin
Authors: Lai Yanni , Zhao Fang , Du Qin , Xie Xuefang , Chen Qiutong , Qin Ziliu
Published: October 2019

With the Guangxi Guilin being listed as an innovative demonstration zone for the national sustainable development agenda in 2018, the urban construction processes in Guilin continued to advance. In the construction of city image, garden planning and design has played an important role. Urban landscaping plays an important role in urban development and has a great influence on the image of the city. The selection of urban landscaping trees is mainly based on native plants, which directly determines the ornamental effect of landscaping. This paper aims to study the application of native tree species in Guilin in garden planning.
AHP comparative analysis of construction and demolitio (C&D) waste recycling scenarios: The case of Beijing
Authors: Wang Guiqin , Zhang Hongyu , Cheng Wei , Zhou Fei , Yabei Feng
Published: October 2019

As construction waste production inBeijinghas increased significantly, there is an urgent demand to manage and dispose it in a more economical and environmentally-friendly way. As there are different benefits and limits between preliminary sorting/recycling on construction sites and centralized treatment on final disposal sites, three scenarios were formed. AHP was used to compare these scenarios from the aspect of technical feasibility, economic costs and environmental effects. AHP analysis results showed that the priority of three scenarios followed D3>D1>D2, indicating the optimal way for C&D waste in Chaoyang district is firstly going through primary recycling with a mobile treatment facility on the construction site and then transporting to a final disposal site.
Research Progress in Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatment Technology
Authors: Feng Hao
Published: October 2019

With the development of the medical industry, according to the characteristics of pharmaceutical wastewater, the corresponding pharmaceutical wastewater treatment technology is used to optimize the technology in the production process, which is a measure for the welfare of human health. The wastewater discharged during the production process, especially the pharmaceutical wastewater, is very polluting to the human environment. According to the physicochemical and biochemical and combined process technologies used in pharmaceutical wastewater at home and abroad, new methods are used to improve the treatment methods, and the application of pharmaceutical wastewater with higher difficulty is realized. This paper analyzes the technology and research progress of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, and hopes to promote the level of chemical treatment and chemical treatment of biochemical treatment.
Research on Carbon Emission Management System Deployed in Civil Airport
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Wen , Lei Ran
Published: October 2019

Along with the increasingly prosperous airport industry, energy consumption and carbon emission at airport rocket, rendering the building of eco-friendly airports becoming the common trend and objective of global airport development. Digging into airport carbon emission management is of relevance for reducing airport carbon emission and improving the quality of airports and surrounding environment. The article analyzes the needs of airport carbon emission management given the current situation, proposes to achieve airport carbon emission management and monitoring by using information technology, develops a carbon management system software for civil aviation airports, and provides smart strategies for airport carbon emission management.
A compact electron beam driver based on the annular parallel-plate pulse forming lines
Authors: Wang Peng , Tan Jie , Luo Min , Kang Qiang , Wang Ganping , Xiang Fei
Published: October 2019

A compact electron beam driver based on an annular parallel-plate pulse forming line (APPPFL) was presented in this paper. Compared with the traditional system, the characteristics of compactness and flat-top waveform output have been achieved by using APPPFLs, which can generate a high voltage quasirectangular pulse up to 20 kV with a width of 60 ns, a rising edge of 10 ns at a lower matched load with an impedance of 1.25 Ω. The key part of the driver is the Marx generator, which consists of 37 stages, each of the stages consisting of an APPPFL, a gas spark switch, two charging inductors, and a nylon insulator that provides insulation between two stages as well as mechanical support. The generator is charged synchronously with positive and negative voltages to reduce the difficulty of the insulation design. When the APPPFL of each stage was charged up to ±20 kV, the output voltage and current of the electron beam driver are 680 kV and 15 kA at a 46 Ω planar diode load, respectively, and the power of the output electron beam is 10 GW. The repetition frequency operation of the electron beam driver has also been investigated.
The effect of particle shape in particle detection using inductive sensors
Authors: Wu Yu , Tian Zhongxu , Xu Jingxiang , Cao Yu , Yang Chao
Published: October 2019

Inductance sensor is one of the commonly used methods in the detection of oil metal particles. The shapes of particles are different, caused by the different forms of wear in oil; however, the effect of particle shapes on the inductive sensors was not under consideration. In order to obtain more accurate measurement results of inductive sensors in metal particle detection and other areas of application, the effect of particle shapes on an inductive sensor is studied in this paper. The inductance change of coil about the ratio of long axis to short axis of particles is obtained in accordance with the experimental validation depending on the cylindrical particles. The results show that the inductance changes are 0.25 nH, 0.32 nH, and 0.92 nH with the ratios of long axis to short axis of particles l/d are 0.67, 1, and 3 with the same volume. It is observed that the inductance change of coil ΔL increases with an increasing ratio of long axis to short axis of particles l/d, which provides a theoretical basis for inductive sensors in metal particle detection and other areas of application.
Dual-color near-field imaging by means of thin-film plasmonic waveguide with precise beam control of multiple wavelengths
Authors: Tachizaki Takehiro , Zhang Kaifeng , Taniguchi Shin-ichi , Kambayashi Takuya
Published: October 2019

We describe an improved optical beam control technique combined with a waveguide probe for imaging optical near-field using multiple wavelengths. The beam control technique varies the incident angle of pseudocollimated beams whose spot diameter is ∼10 μm such that it is equal to an arbitrary angle with ∼0.03° precision and the beam position to ∼0.1 μm precision. This helps resonantly excite surface plasmons using visible 660 nm and near-infrared 850 nm on an ∼10 μm width three-dimensional microwaveguide. We demonstrate the operation of this system by imaging the optical near-field and capturing the interference of surface plasmons in a gold microstructure. This system achieved dual-color imaging of the optical near-field of different modulation frequencies with submicrometer lateral spatial resolution.
A compact and versatile grating spectrograph for soft X-ray emission analysis
Authors: Mantouvalou I. , Staeck S. , Jonas A. , Grötzsch D. , Spanier M. , Baumann J. , Witte K. , Unterumsberger R. , Müller M. , Kanngießer B.
Published: October 2019

A flexible spectrograph for the investigation of soft X-ray spectra in the range between 1 nm and 20 nm is presented. Based on two variable-line spaced reflection gratings, the design enables stand-alone operation, the change between the use of an entrance slit and a slitless operation mode as well as a maximum compactness and robustness due to a reduced number of motorized stages. Characterization measurements as well as first proof-of-principle X-ray emission investigations show the potential of the instrument for versatile applications.
Kinetics of Cr3+ to Cr4+ ion valence transformations and intra-lattice cation exchange of Cr4+ in Cr,Ca:YAG ceramics used as laser gain and passive Q-switching media
Authors: Chaika M. A. , Tomala R. , Strek W. , Hreniak D. , Dluzewski P. , Morawiec K. , Mateychenko P. V. , Fedorov A. G. , Doroshenko A. G. , Parkhomenko S. V. , Lesniewska-Matys K. , Podniesinski D. , Kozłowska A. , Mancardi G. , Vovk O. M.
Published: October 2019

This paper focuses on the kinetics of Cr4+ formation in Cr,Ca:YAG ceramics prepared by solid-state reaction sintering. The kinetics of Cr4+ formation was studied by annealing of Cr,Ca:YAG ceramics in ambient air under different temperatures at different times, resulting in the transformation of Cr3+ to Cr4+. The activation energy (Ea) of Cr3+ oxidation determined by the Jander model was 2.7 ± 0.2 eV, which is in good correlation with the activation energy of innergrain oxygen diffusion in the YAG lattice. It is concluded that Cr3+ to Cr4+ transformation in YAG ceramics is limited by oxygen diffusion through the grain body. It was established that in Cr,Ca:YAG ceramics, the intralattice cation exchange, in which the Cr4+ ions exchange positions with the Al3+ ions, switching from “A” to “D” sites, is faster than Cr3+ to Cr4+ oxidation. In the temperature range of 900–1300 °C, the reaction enthalpy of Al3+/Cr4+ ion exchange between octahedral “A” and tetrahedral “D” lattice sites is close to zero, and this exchange ratio is thermodynamically driven by entropy.
Measurements of diverging ion motion in an inertial electrostatic confinement device using Doppler spectroscopy
Authors: Hermens J. , Jaspers R. , Khachan J.
Published: October 2019

With the aim of determining the ion direction, Doppler spectroscopy is carried out in a Farnsworth fusor with a spherical cathode grid during star mode operation. The Doppler shift of Balmer-α radiation from excited deuterium atoms (D*) is analyzed to find the kinetic energy spectrum. Diverging D* is measured at a cathode voltage of −20 kV, with currents between 0.5 mA and 3.4 mA, and in the pressure regime of 1.6 Pa–2.6 Pa. D* is produced during a charge exchange reaction of fast deuterium ions with the background gas. The measured spectra can only be formed via diverging ions due to momentum conservation during this charge exchange reaction. Dominant blue shifts coming from measurement locations inside microchannels moving toward the observer and red shifted spectra coming from microchannels moving away from the observer prove this diverging ion motion. A kinetic energy distribution of D* over different longitudinal positions inside the microchannel is measured at a pressure of (1.7 ± 0.1) Pa. The results indicate an increase in D* velocity from the center of the cathode toward the cathode edge. This can be explained by a virtual anode, which accelerates ions created in the center of the cathode outward. These results disagree with the converging ion model but could be explained by the hollow cathode model.
Fragmentation dynamics of nitrogen trifluoride induced by electron collision
Authors: Wang Enliang , Shan Xu , Shen Zhenjie , Gong Maomao , Tang Yaguo , Chen Xiangjun
Published: October 2019

The fragmentation dynamics of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) in collisions with a 500 eV electron is studied by using a momentum imaging spectrometer. The kinetic energy releases of two-body, three-body, and four-body fragmentation channels of NF3q+ (q = 2, 3) are investigated. The fragmentation dynamics of three-body, as well as four-body, dissociation channels is analyzed by the Dalitz plot and the Newton diagram. It is found that for all of the dissociation channels, the fragment including N atom (ion) always shares significant momenta, regardless of whether it is charged. For F atom, however, it is always emitted with negligible momenta.