bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of pumice stone and silica fume as precursor material for the design of a geopolymer
Authors: Andrade Valle Alexis Iván , Castillo Campoverde Tito Oswaldo , Marcillo Zapata Cristian Andrés , Zúñiga Rodríguez María Gabriela , Zárate Villacrés Andrea Natalí , Guerra Valladares Marcelo David , Mieles Mariño Mayte Lisbeth , Castillo Cevallos Jefferson Javier
Published: June 2024

Background Geopolymers are alternative materials to cement because they require less energy in their production process; hence, they contribute to the reduction in CO2 emissions. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of using industrial residues such as silica fume (SF) to improve the physical and mechanical properties of a pumice stone (PS)-based geopolymer. Methods Through an experimental methodology, the process starts with the extraction, grinding, and sieving of the raw material to carry out the physical and chemical characterization of the resulting material, followed by the dosage of the geopolymer mixture considering the factors that influence the resistance mechanical strength. Finally, the physical and mechanical properties of the geopolymer were characterized. This research was carried out in four stages: characterization of the pumice stone, design of the geopolymer through laboratory tests, application according to the dosage of the concrete, and analysis of the data through a multi-criteria analysis. Results It was determined that the optimal percentage of SF replacement is 10%, which to improves the properties of the geopolymer allowing to reach a maximum resistance to compression and flexion of 14.10 MPa and 4.78 MPa respectively, showing that there is a direct relationship between the percentage of SF and the resistance. Conclusions Geopolymer preparation involves the use of PS powder with a composition rich in silicon and aluminum. The factors influencing strength include the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, water content, temperature, curing time, molarity of sodium hydroxide, and binder ratio. The results showed an increase in the compression and flexural strength with 10% SF replacement. The geopolymer’s maximum compressive strength indicates its non-structural use, but it can be improved by reducing the PS powder size.
Genome assembly catalog for species in the Japanese Red List: unlocking endangered biodiversity through genomic inventory
Authors: Kryukov Kirill , Nakahama Naoyuki , Kuraku Shigehiro
Published: June 2024

Improvements in DNA sequencing technology are allowing the dramatic increase of whole genome data for a wide variety of species. Such genome sequence data can assist the monitoring of intraspecific genetic diversity, but is often lacking for threatened species. In this project, we focused on the national Red List, a catalog of extinct and threatened species, issued by the Japanese government. We combined the data included in it with the record of genome assembly in NCBI and tabulated the assembly availability of the species in the list. The combined data shows a low percentage (2.1%) of the availability of whole genome sequence data for the taxa ranked on the Japanese Red List as well as a strong bias towards mammals and birds in Animalia and vascular plants in Plantae. Our data presentation highlights potential systematic limitations in genome sequencing (e.g., budget for sequencing large genomes of amphibians) and instructs future policies including which taxon needs more effort for genome sequencing. The resultant tables are available in the original website https://treethinkers.nig.ac.jp/redlist/ and are regularly updated.
Migration health ethics in Southeast Asia: a scoping review
Authors: Ng Shu Hui , Kaur Sharon , Cheah Phaik Yeong , Ong Zhen Ling , Lim Jane , Voo Teck Chuan
Published: June 2024

Background Asia hosts the second-largest international migrant population in the world. In Southeast Asia (SEA), key types of migration are labour migration, forced migration, and environmental migration. This scoping review seeks to identify key themes and gaps in current research on the ethics of healthcare for mobile and marginalised populations in SEA, and the ethics of research involving these populations. Methods We performed a scoping review using three broad concepts: population (stateless population, migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, internally displaced people), issues (healthcare and ethics), and context (11 countries in SEA). Three databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science) were searched from 2000 until May 2023 over a period of four months (February 2023 to May 2023). Other relevant publications were identified through citation searches, and six bioethics journals were hand searched. All searches were conducted in English, and relevant publications were screened against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were subsequently imported into NVivo 14, and thematic analysis was conducted. Results We identified 18 papers with substantial bioethical analysis. Ethical concepts that guide the analysis were ‘capability, agency, dignity’, ‘vulnerability’, ‘precarity, complicity, and structural violence’ (n=7). Ethical issues were discussed from the perspective of research ethics (n=9), clinical ethics (n=1) and public health ethics (n=1). All publications are from researchers based in Singapore, Thailand, and Malaysia. Research gaps identified include the need for more research involving migrant children, research from migrant-sending countries, studies on quality of migrant healthcare, participatory health research, and research with internal migrants. Conclusions More empirical research is necessary to better understand the ethical issues that exist in the domains of research, clinical care, and public health. Critical examination of the interplay between migration, health and ethics with consideration of the diverse factors and contexts involved is crucial for the advancement of migration health ethics in SEA.
Critical care services in Bagmati province of Nepal: A cross sectional survey
Authors: Aryal Diptesh , Luitel Subekshya , Paudel Sushila , Shakya Roshni , Pandey Janaki , Amatya Isha , Acharya Prashant , Pant Suman , Paneru Hem Raj , Beane Abi , Haniffa Rashan , Gyanwali Pradip
Published: June 2024

Background This study aimed to assess the current status of critical care services in 13 districts of Bagmati Province in Nepal, with a focus on access, infrastructure, human resources, and intensive care unit (ICU) services. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among healthcare workers employed in 87 hospitals having medical/surgical ICUs across Bagmati Province. Data were collected through structured questionnaires administered via face-to-face and telephone interviews. Descriptive analysis was used for data analysis, involving frequencies and percentages. Results From 87 hospitals, a total of 123 ICUs were identified in the province, providing 1167 beds and 615 functioning ventilators. The average ICU bed availability per 100,000 population was 19, ranging from 3.6 in Makwanpur to 33.9 in Kathmandu. Out of 13 districts, 95% of beds were concentrated in just four districts, while six had no ICU facilities. Of the available facilities, 69.9% were owned by private entities. One-to-one nurse-to-ventilated bed ratio was maintained by 63.4% of ICUs during daytime, and 62.6% at nighttime. Furthermore, 74.8% of ICUs had consultants trained in critical care medicine. While essential equipment availability was higher in Bagmati province, gaps existed in the availability of oxygen plants and isolation rooms. Similarly, many ICUs offered continuous medical education and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, but improvements were necessary in clinical audits, antibiotic stewardship programs, and research engagement. Conclusions Disparities in critical care resources were evident across districts in Bagmati Province, highlighting the need for a balanced and decentralized approach to ensure equitable access to care. Although there were disparities, numerous ICUs were effectively carrying out multiple critical care procedures. This study suggests conducting a nationwide mapping of ICU resources, prioritizing infrastructure development, optimizing resource allocation, and establishing national protocols.
Psoriatic arthritis - Tofacitinib as a new treatment
Authors: Skorupska Marta , Czeczotka Magdalena Joanna , Martka Martyna Magdalena , Popławska Natalia Aleksandra , Śliz Justyna , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: June 2024

Introduction:
JAK inhibitors are used in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis when there is a lack of effective response or intolerance to first-line drugs or their use must be discontinued due to the presence of side effects. JAK inhibitors inhibit the JAK-STAT signaling pathway which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This mechanism leads to a reduction in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines which causes rapid improvement in the patient's clinical condition. Tofacitinib is the best-known drug in this group; its use carries an increased risk of cardiovascular events and reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. Regular monitoring of patients results in faster detection of the first signs of undesirable effects and the cessation of their progression. The drug's safety profile is acceptable and the benefits outweigh possible complications.
 
Aim of  the study:
 
The aim of the study is to summarize the available knowledge about tofacitinib treatment in psoriatic arthritis. The way of work, effectiveness of treatment and potential side effects were summarized and described.
 
Materials and methods:
 
The literature available in PubMed database was reviewed using the following keywords:
“Psoriatic arthritis”, “Tofacitinib”, “JAK inhibitors”, “JAK-STAT”
 
Conclusion:
 
Tofacitinib treatment in rheumatology is used in psoriatic arthritis. The rapid improvement in the clinical condition of patients treated with JAK inhibitors is due to their direct impact on the modulation of the pathogenesis of the disease. The predictable benefits of therapy outweigh the side effects which can be detected at an early stage with regular monitoring of the patient.
Precise Classification, and Accurate Diagnosis: Key Elements for Effective Treatment and Management of Headache Disorders
Authors: Otręba Karina , Czupryńska Karolina , Czyżniewska Oliwia , Domański Mikołaj , Kopczyńska Barbara , Szałajska Julia , Wierzejska Natalia , Wojcieszek Maria
Published: June 2024

Introduction
Tension-type headaches (TTH) are a significant health concern that demands precise diagnostic approaches and effective management strategies. A nuanced understanding of their pathophysiology and diagnostic challenges is not just pivotal, but a responsibility we share, for enhancing patient care.
Aim
 This article aims to explore the complex realm of TTH diagnosis and management, underlining the need for precision in diagnostics and the intricate balance of cost-effectiveness. It also delves into the diverse therapeutic options available for treating TTH, presenting a stimulating challenge for healthcare professionals, researchers, and medical students.
State of Knowledge
Initial diagnosis involves excluding secondary headaches by identifying red flags indicative of serious underlying conditions. A detailed medical history, complemented by patient-recorded pain diaries, enhances diagnostic accuracy. Ancillary procedures like neuroimaging, despite cost-effectiveness debates, are often preferred by clinicians to mitigate diagnostic risks. Validated tools such as the MIDAS and HIT-6 questionnaires provide valuable insights into headache-related disability. Differential diagnosis among headache types relies on recognizing distinctive clinical features.
Summary (Conclusions)
Effectively managing TTH necessitates a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and lifestyle interventions tailored to individual patient needs. Collaborative efforts spanning legal, technological, and research domains are crucial for advancing headache diagnostics and therapeutics. While technological advancements offer promise, interdisciplinary collaboration remains fundamental in optimizing patient care outcomes.
A organização militar (stratiotiké sýntaxis) e a estrutura econômica e política do império Persa na Ciropédia de Xenofonte
Authors: de Simoni Milione Vitor
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar um aspecto da filosofia política de Xenofonte comumente negligenciado pelos intérpretes: a organização militar, isto é, a hierarquia e a cadeia de comando, como o elemento que oferece a estrutura econômica e política do império Persa descrito na Ciropédia. A transposição desse modelo militar hierárquico confere à estrutura do Estado persa um caráter racional que visa, do ponto de vista econômico, a eficiência na produção de recursos e o equilíbrio fiscal; e, do ponto de vista político, a eliminação de conflitos internos e da anarquia, bem como a rapidez na transmissão das ordens e a eficácia na execução de tarefas burocráticas, na medida em que cada um conhece o seu lugar e as suas funções nesse sistema hierárquico, que se mantém através do poder do soberano disseminado em todas as instâncias do governo.
Sombras tras la batalla en Irlanda del Norte: The Boxer (Jim Sheridan, 1997
Authors: Barrenechea Marañón Igor
Published: June 2024

Desde el inicio de los Troubles la situación en Irlanda del Norte estuvo marcada por la violencia del IRA y la confrontación sectaria entre las comunidades católicas y protestantes. En el inicio de la década de los años 90 se abrió un nuevo panorama de esperanza a la hora de poner fin al terrorismo, gracias a los Acuerdos del Viernes Santo (10 de abril de 1998). Este artículo analiza las claves y el contexto del filme The Boxer (1997), del reconocido director dublinés Jim Sheridan, desde la metodología de las relaciones de historia y cine. La película, previa a los acuerdos, establece como el cine de ficción puede ser una manera de influir (positivamente) en la sociedad, además de convertirse en un retrato real y simbólico sobre la crudeza y afección de la violencia y la sinrazón más manifiesta que tanto daño provocó en la sociedad norirlandesa
Tomogrande: las lecciones sobre cambio climático que enseña la altillanura
Authors: Estrada Villegas, Sergio
Published: June 2024

Aunque poco presente en el imaginario de la gente e incluso en las políticas públicas, la altillanura colombiana tiene mucho que decir sobre adaptación al cambio climático y el secuestro de carbono. La reserva privada Tomogrande es muestra de ello
Opinions of Mothers About the Weights of Their Preschool Children and Its Relationship with Their Own Body Perceptions
Authors: Erkan Mine , Velipaşaoğlu Sevtap
Published: June 2024

Objective: Misperception of children’s weight status by their mothers, either lower or higher than it actually is, can lead to incorrect nutrition practices and health problems. This study aimed to evaluate mothers’ perceptions about their children’s weight and their own weight and determine the sociodemographic factors that may influence their perception.

Material and Methods: The research was a cross-sectional study involving 170 children aged 2-5 and their mothers. For the study, mothers’ and children’s heights and weights were measured; questionnaires containing verbal (5-point Likert type scale) and visual scales (Toddler Silhouette Scale for children, Contour Drawing Rating Scale for mothers) were administered to mothers to understand their perception of themselves and their children.

Results: As the children’s weight-for-height percentile increased, the mothers’ accuracy rate in verbal and visual assessment of their children’s weight decreased, making them more prone to underestimate the child’s weight. On verbal scale, mothers of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese children had an accuracy rate of 53.19%, 71.72%, 31.25%, and 0%, respectively, in defining the children’s weight status. On visual scale, these rates were 72.34%, 54.55%, 12.50% and 0%, respectively. Overweight and obese mothers were less accurate than others at verbal and visual self-assessment of their own weight. Verbal and visual self-assessment accuracy rates were 100% and 75% in underweight mothers, 75.36% and 89.86% in mothers with normal weight, 47.46% and 32.20% in overweight mothers, and 34.21% and 23.68% in obese mothers. No significant relation was found between the mothers’ perceptions of their own weight and their children’s weights.

Conclusion: We observed problems related to their mothers’ interpretation of children’s weight status. We could not identify any sociodemographic risk factor that could explain the inaccurate perception of the mothers. Since mothers may not be able to perceive problems related to their child’s weight and express them as problems, we recommend that paediatricians measure each child’s height and weight and evaluate their percentiles.
O Sujeito Teletrabalhador e a Racionalidade Neoliberal
Authors: De Araújo Pinheiro Rafaele , Coelho-Lima Fellipe
Published: June 2024

O estudo do teletrabalho tem se ampliado nos diversos campos do saber, motivado, em grande parte, pela expansão da atividade ao redor do globo, sobretudo após a pandemia da COVID-19. Ao identificarmos na literatura sobre o tema a predominância de prescrições às adaptações da modalidade e o enfoque em suas vantagens e desvantagens, sugerimos a ampliação da abordagem ao fenômeno do teletrabalho para além desses aspectos. Este ensaio argumentou que o teletrabalho se expande no contexto do neoliberalismo e que as práticas e discursos que o legitimam correspondem à emergência de um sujeito neoliberal. Teve por objetivo discutir as evidências das práticas e discursos neoliberais nos achados empíricos dos estudos acerca do teletrabalho e resgatou momentos específicos da relação entre modos de produção no trabalho capitalista e suas elaborações subjetivas correspondentes por parte dos trabalhadores. Por fim, sugere-se que a compreensão apropriada do teletrabalho considere as determinações contextuais, históricas e culturais nas quais o fenômeno se insere.
Clinical comprehensive treatment protocol for managing diabetic foot ulcers: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Yan-Bin , Lv Yan , Li Guang-Yu , Zheng Ji-Ting , Jiang Qing-Xin , Wei Ran
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a common complication of diabetes, often leading to severe infections, amputations, and reduced quality of life. The current standard treatment protocols for DFUs have limitations in promoting efficient wound healing and preventing complications. A comprehensive treatment approach targeting multiple aspects of wound care may offer improved outcomes for patients with DFUs. The hypothesis of this study is that a comprehensive treatment protocol for DFUs will result in faster wound healing, reduced amputation rates, and improved overall patient outcomes compared to standard treatment protocols.

AIM

To compare the efficacy and safety of a comprehensive treatment protocol for DFUs with those of the standard treatment protocol.

METHODS

This retrospective study included 62 patients with DFUs, enrolled between January 2022 and January 2024, randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 32) or control (n = 30) group. The experimental group received a comprehensive treatment comprising blood circulation improvement, debridement, vacuum sealing drainage, recombinant human epidermal growth factor and anti-inflammatory dressing, and skin grafting. The control group received standard treatment, which included wound cleaning and dressing, antibiotics administration, and surgical debridement or amputation, if necessary. Time taken to reduce the white blood cell count, number of dressing changes, wound healing rate and time, and amputation rate were assessed.

RESULTS

The experimental group exhibited significantly better outcomes than those of the control group in terms of the wound healing rate, wound healing time, and amputation rate. Additionally, the comprehensive treatment protocol was safe and well tolerated by the patients.

CONCLUSION

Comprehensive treatment for DFUs is more effective than standard treatment, promoting granulation tissue growth, shortening hospitalization time, reducing pain and amputation rate, improving wound healing, and enhancing quality of life.
Early diagnostic value of carotid artery ultrasound parameters combined with epicardial adipose layer thickness in coronary heart disease
Authors: Xu Min , Lu Zhao-Yang
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Coronary heart disease is associated with coronary atherosclerosis indicated by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) thickening and altered vascular elasticity. The epicardial adipose layer can secrete proinflammatory factors that promote the formation of coronary atherosclerosis. Thus, the epicardial fat layer thickness (EAT) may also predict coronary heart disease.

AIM

To determine the role of common carotid artery ultrasound parameters and EAT in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

METHODS

Based on coronary angiography, patients with newly suspected coronary heart disease were divided into case (n = 107) and control (n = 41) groups. The carotid ultrasound parameters, including vascular stiffness (β), elastic coefficient (EP), pulse wave conduction velocity (PWV-β), CIMT, and EAT were compared between the case and control groups and among patients with different lesion numbers in the case group. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of EAT, common carotid artery elasticity, and CIMT for coronary heart disease.

RESULTS

EP, β, PWV-β, CIMT, and EAT were significantly higher in the case group compared with the levels in the control group (all P < 0.001). In the case group, lesions were detected in one vessel in 34 patients, two vessels in 38 patients, and three vessels in 35 patients. Within the case group, β, EP, PWV-β, CIMT, and EAT levels significantly increased with an increased number of lesions (all P < 0.001). EAT positively correlated with β, EP, PWV-β, and CIMT (all P < 0.01). The area under the curve for diagnosing coronary heart disease using EAT combined with CIMT and carotid elasticity was 0.893, and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.890 and 0.837.

CONCLUSION

EAT correlated well with changes in carotid artery elasticity and CIMT in patients with coronary heart disease. The combination of EAT, carotid artery elasticity, and CIMT facilitates the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.
Immune cell signatures and causal association with irritable bowel syndrome: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chai Wei-Hao , Ma Yan , Li Jia-Jia , Guo Fei , Wu Yi-Zhan , Liu Jiang-Wei
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

The mucosal barrier's immune-brain interactions, pivotal for neural development and function, are increasingly recognized for their potential causal and therapeutic relevance to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Prior studies linking immune inflammation with IBS have been inconsistent. To further elucidate this relationship, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of 731 immune cell markers to dissect the influence of various immune phenotypes on IBS. Our goal was to deepen our understanding of the disrupted brain-gut axis in IBS and to identify novel therapeutic targets.

AIM

To leverage publicly available data to perform MR analysis on 731 immune cell markers and explore their impact on IBS. We aimed to uncover immunophenotypic associations with IBS that could inform future drug development and therapeutic strategies.

METHODS

We performed a comprehensive two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between immune cell markers and IBS. By utilizing genetic data from public databases, we examined the causal associations between 731 immune cell markers, encompassing median fluorescence intensity, relative cell abundance, absolute cell count, and morphological parameters, with IBS susceptibility. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to validate our findings and address potential heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

RESULTS

Bidirectional false discovery rate correction indicated no significant influence of IBS on immunophenotypes. However, our analysis revealed a causal impact of IBS on 30 out of 731 immune phenotypes (P < 0.05). Nine immune phenotypes demonstrated a protective effect against IBS [inverse variance weighting (IVW) < 0.05, odd ratio (OR) < 1], while 21 others were associated with an increased risk of IBS onset (IVW ≥ 0.05, OR ≥ 1).

CONCLUSION

Our findings underscore a substantial genetic correlation between immune cell phenotypes and IBS, providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the condition. These results pave the way for the development of more precise biomarkers and targeted therapies for IBS. Furthermore, this research enriches our comprehension of immune cell roles in IBS pathogenesis, offering a foundation for more effective, personalized treatment approaches. These advancements hold promise for improving IBS patient quality of life and reducing the disease burden on individuals and their families.
Steel bar penetrating cervical spinal canal without neurological injury: A case report
Authors: Zhang Qin , Ding Tao , Gu Xiao-Feng , Liu Yi
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

We report a rare case of cervical spinal canal penetrating trauma and review the relevant literatures.

CASE SUMMARY

A 58-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with a steel bar penetrating the neck, without signs of neurological deficit. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated that the steel bar had penetrated the cervical spinal canal at the C6–7 level, causing C6 and C7 vertebral body fracture, C6 left lamina fracture, left facet joint fracture, and penetration of the cervical spinal cord. The steel bar was successfully removed through an open surgical procedure by a multidisciplinary team. During the surgery, we found that the cervical vertebra, cervical spinal canal and cervical spinal cord were all severely injured. Postoperative CT demonstrated severe penetration of the cervical spinal canal but the patient returned to a fully functional level without any neurological deficits.

CONCLUSION

Even with a serious cervical spinal canal penetrating trauma, the patient could resume normal work and life after appropriate treatment.
Using laparoscope to remove an ectopic intrauterine device in the anterior wall of urinary bladder: A case report
Authors: Liu Shi-Xue , Dong Xing-You
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a contraceptive device placed in the uterine cavity and is a common contraceptive method for Chinese women. However, an IUD may cause complications due to placement time, intrauterine pressure and other factors. Ectopic IUDs are among the most serious complications. Ectopic IUDs are common in the myometrium and periuterine organs, and there are few reports of ectopic IUDs in the urinary bladder, especially in the anterior wall.

CASE SUMMARY

A 52-year-old woman was hospitalized due to a urinary bladder foreign body found via abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) examination. The patient had a 2-year history of recurrent abdominal distension and lower abdominal pain, accompanied by frequent urination, urgency, dysuria and other discomfort. Ultrasound examination revealed foreign bodies in the bladder cavity, with calculus on the surface of the foreign bodies. CT revealed a circular foreign body on the anterior wall of the urinary bladder, suggesting the possibility of an ectopic IUD. After laparoscopic exploration, an annular IUD was found in the anterior wall of urinary bladder, and an oval calculus with a diameter of approximately 2 cm was attached to the surface of the bladder cavity. The IUD and calculus were successfully and completely removed. The patient recovered well after surgery.

CONCLUSION

Abdominal ultrasound and CT are effective methods for detecting ectopic IUDs. The IUD is located in the urinary bladder and requires early surgical treatment. The choice of surgical method is determined by comprehensively considering the depth of the IUD in the bladder muscle layer, the situation of complicated calculus, the situation of intravesical inflammation and medical technology and equipment.
Treatment of primary nasal tuberculosis with anti-tumor necrosis factor immunotherapy: A case report
Authors: Liu Yong-Cai , Zhou Min-Li , Cheng Ke-Jia , Zhou Shui-Hong , Wen Xue
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Primary nasal tuberculosis (TB) is a rare form of extrapulmonary TB, particularly in patients receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) immunotherapy. As a result, its diagnosis remains challenging.

CASE SUMMARY

A 58-year-old male patient presented to the ear, nose, and throat department with right-sided nasal obstruction and bloody discharge for 1 month. He was diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis and received anti-TNF immunotherapy for 3 years prior to presentation. Biopsy findings revealed chronic granulomatous inﬂammation and a few acid-fast bacilli, suggestive of primary nasal TB. He was referred to our TB management department for treatment with oral anti-TB agents. After 9 months, the nasal lesions had disappeared. No recurrence was noted during follow-up.

CONCLUSION

The diagnosis of primary nasal TB should be considered in patients receiving TNF antagonists who exhibit thickening and crusting of the nasal septum mucosa or inferior turbinate, particularly when pathological findings suggest granulomatous inflammation.
RATE OF COVID-19 INFECTION AND 30-DAY MORTALITY BETWEEN BLUE AND GREEN (DEDICATED COVID-19 FREE) PATHWAYS: RESULTS FROM UK-FALCON AUDIT
Authors: Houchen-Wollof L. , Mason L. , Mangwani J. , Malhotra K.
Published: June 2024

Objectives

The primary aim was to determine the differences in COVID-19 infection rate and 30 day mortality in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery between different treatment pathways over the two phases of the UK-FALCON audit, spanning the first and second national lockdowns.

Design

Multicentre retrospective national audit.

Setting

This was a combined retrospective (Phase 1) and prospective (Phase 2) national audit of foot and ankle procedures in the UK in 2020.

Participants

All adult patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery in an operating theatre during the study period included from 46 participating centres in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Patients were categorised as either a green pathway (designated COVID-19 free) or blue pathway.

Results

10,846 patients were included, 6,644 from phase 1 and 4,202 from phase 2. Over the 2 phases the infection rate on a blue pathway was 1.07% (69/6,470) and 0.21% on a green pathway (9/4,280). In phase 1, there was no significant difference in the COVID-19 perioperative infection rate between the blue and green pathways in any element of the first phase (pre-lockdown (p = .109), lockdown (p = .923) or post-lockdown (p = .577)). However, in phase 2 there was a significant reduction in perioperative infection rate when using the green pathway in both the pre-lockdown (p < .001) and lockdown periods (p < .001). There was no significant difference in COVID-19 related mortality between pathways.

Conclusions

There was a five-fold reduction in the perioperative COVID-19 infection rate when using designated COVID-19 green pathways; however the success of the pathways only became significant in phase 2 of the study. The study shows a developing success in using green pathways in reducing the risk to patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery.
THE IMPACT OF HALLUX VALGUS ON FUNCTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN FEMALES
Authors: Lewis T. , Ray R. , Gordon D.J
Published: June 2024

Background

The effect of hallux valgus (HV) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the relationship between radiographic severity of deformity and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to compare the HRQOL of female patients with HV to the UK population. The secondary aim was to assess the correlation between PROMs, including HRQOL, with radiographic severity of deformity.

Methods

Weight bearing radiographic data (hallux valgus (HVA) angle; intermetatarsal (IM) angle) were measured in consecutive female patients presenting with HV. Each patient prospectively completed the Euroqol EQ-5D-5L questionnaire (EQ-5D), Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VAS-Pain) and Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ). Data were stratified into age ranges and compared with an EQ-5D United Kingdom general population reference dataset. Pearson R correlation values were calculated for the PROMs and radiographic deformity.

Results

Between July 2015 and March 2020, 425 consecutive female patients presented with HV for consideration for surgery. EQ-5D-5L data were prospectively collected for 396 of these patients (93.2%). Females less than 65 years with HV had a statistically significantly worse quality of life compared with females of the same age group in the general population. Above the age of 65, there was no statistically significant difference in EQ-5D-5L Index score between the two groups. There was no correlation between radiographic HV deformity and HRQOL measures or MOXFQ scores.

Conclusion

Female patients presenting with HV deformity have a significantly reduced quality of life compared with the UK general population. The radiographic severity of deformity did not correlate with HRQOL measures or foot and ankle specific PROMs. Foot and ankle specific clinical PROMs moderately correlate with HRQOL and may be a better marker of the negative effect of symptomatic hallux valgus deformity on quality of life.
An IGFBM-SAA Fast Algorithm for Solving Electromagnetic Scattering from Layered Media Rough Surfaces
Authors: Lei Lilan
Published: June 2024

This article proposes a new fast solution algorithm (IGFBM-SAA), which combines the Improved Generalized Forward and Backward Method (IGFBM) with Spectral Acceleration Approach (SAA), which can effectively solve the electromagnetic scattering problem of layered rough surface. In this article, the electric field integral equations (EFIE) for layered rough surfaces is established, and the traditional forward and backward method (FBM) is introduced. Then, based on the traditional FBM algorithm, an Improved Generalized Forward and Backward Method is proposed and, by using the SAA technique in its iterative process, the computation of matrix-vector multiplication is accelerated, thus enabling rapid solution. In the algorithm validation, the same rough surface was calculated using the MoM, FBM, and IGFBM-SAA. The study found that when root mean square (RMS) heights are h1=h2=0.1λ, the convergence accuracy can reach τ=10−7 after 14 iterations. However, as the roughness increases to h1=h2=0.3λ and h1=h2=0.5λ, the convergence accuracy falling to τ=10−5 and τ=10−5, respectively. This indicates that it is necessary to adjust the integration parameters to improve the convergence accuracy. In addition, it was found that when the size of the rough surface is 25.6λ, the computational times for calculations are 91 s (IGFBM-SAA), 197 s (FBM), and 410 s (MoM), respectively. When the size of the rough surface increases to 51.2λ, the computational time differences become more significant, with 236 s, 756 s, and 2547 s being the respective values. This indicates that the proposed algorithm in this article has significant computational speed advantages when dealing with larger rough surfaces. Based on this algorithm, this article studied the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of layered rough surfaces with different parameters (RMS height, dielectric constant, and correlation length), and relevant research results can provide valuable references for areas such as radar target recognition and radar stealth technology, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of radar detection as well as radar stealthperformance.
Near-fields of Butterfly Nanoantennas: A Comparative Simulation and Experimental Study
Authors: Banerjee Saswatee , Peraca Nicolas Marquez , Franke Alexander
Published: June 2024

Optical nanoantennas demonstrate the ability to confine and enhance electromagnetic fields. This ability makes nanoantennas essential tools for high-resolution microscopy. The nanoantenna resonance and response can be tuned by changing their size, shape, and material as well as adjusting the probing conditions, e.g. excitation wavelength. In this paper we simulated the propagation and interaction of visible light with computer generated models of butterfly nanoantenna arrays using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The simulations were used to understand and predict the experimental results obtained with scanning near-field microscopy (SNOM) on commercially available samples. Simulation parameters are chosen carefully to reflect the measurement conditions.
Wide-Angle Scanning and High Isolation Dual-Polarized Base Station Antennas for Sub-6 GHz Applications
Authors: Fan Fang-Fang , Ma Pei-Pei , Chen Qing-Lin
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a wide-angle scanning and high isolation base station antenna array. The antenna element employs a compact dual-polarized umbrella-shaped printed dipole with a small size of 0.23λ0 × 0.23λ0 × 0.26λ0, which provides the possibility for a small element spacing array. The antenna element possesses wide 3 dB beamwidth of 84.6∘ benefiting from the pulling down of the dipole arms. Then, a dual-layer metal superstrate structure and metal wall is adopted to mitigate different kinds of mutual coupling between the dual-polarized antenna elements in the array. Owing to the wide beamwidth of the element and the low mutual coupling between the elements, the final 4×6 antenna array can achieve a good beam-scanning capability with maximum scanning angle up to ±55∘ and a small gain variation of less than 3 dB over the operation band 3.3-3.8 GHz. The fabricated array shows the measured isolation between all ports of the antennas is increased to more than 20 dB. Scanning characteristics also agree well with the simulated results. With the merits of wideband, low-cost (simple design and easy fabrication), wide-angle beam-scanning capacity, and good radiation performance, the proposed design has potential for application in 5G base stationsystems.
Women's Resistance: Strength-Based Outcomes of Wartime Sexual Violence Against Women from Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Sisic Mia
Published: June 2024

Abstract: Women's wartime sexual violence experiences have largely been constructed as negative, leaving little room for women's resistance and strength-based outcomes. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, this study examines women's resistance using semi-structured interviews with 13 ethnically diverse women victimized by sexual violence during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using partial results from the study highlighting strengths that are both external and internal to the women, I show that women resist traditional discourses of victimization and gender stereotypes as they speak about the strengths they have acquired and retained after they were sexually victimized. Résumé: Les expériences de violence sexuelle vécues par les femmes en temps de guerre ont été largement considérées comme négatives, ce qui laisse peu de place à la résistance des femmes et aux résultats fondés sur l'endurance. En utilisant l'analyse phénoménologique interprétative, cette étude examine la résistance des femmes à l'aide d'entretiens semi-structurés avec 13 femmes de diverses ethnies victimes de violences sexuelles pendant la guerre en Bosnie-Herzégovine. En se servant des résultats partiels de l'étude mettant en exergue les forces qui sont à la fois externes et internes aux femmes, je montre que les femmes résistent aux discours traditionnels de victimisation et aux stéréotypes de genre lorsqu'elles parlent des forces qu'elles ont acquises et conservées après avoir été victimes de violence sexuelle.
Intersections of Xenophobia, Racism, and Gender-Based Violence in the Canadian Context: A Critical Reflection on Everyday Woman-to-Woman Violence
Authors: Takševa Tatjana
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This research note examines the intersections of xenophobia, racism, and gender-based violence. It particularly focuses on forms of everyday woman-to-woman violence in the Canadian context. This exploration is based on an incident narrated to the author in a recent conversation with D.Š., a 42-year-old woman who emigrated to Nova Scotia in 2014 from Bosnia and Herzegovina with her husband and young son. I read the episode as paradigmatic of how gender informs interactions rooted in prejudice, discrimination, and the 'fear of the other.' Drawing upon intersectional feminist heuristic, my analysis contributes to the investigations of the complex network of power relations operating across the same gender (woman). These woman-to-woman power dynamics are shaped by racial, immigrant, and various other social identities that intersect with gender. This research shows that the relationships resulting from these interactions are, in fact, asymmetrically formed and reconstructed at the micro-level of experience through the exercise of xenophobic expressions of relative sociocultural power and privilege. Résumé: La présente note de recherche examine les liens entre la xénophobie, le racisme et la violence sexiste. Elle se concentre en particulier sur les formes de violence quotidienne entre femmes dans le contexte canadien. Cette exploration est basée sur un incident raconté à l'auteur lors d'une conversation récente avec D.S., une femme de 42 ans qui a émigré de Bosnie-Herzégovine pour la Nouvelle-Écosse en 2014 avec son mari et son jeune fils. Je considère cet épisode comme paradigmatique de la manière dont le genre rapporte les interactions enracinées dans les préjugés, la discrimination et la "peur de l'autre". S'appuyant sur l'heuristique féministe intersectionnelle, mon analyse contribue à l'étude du réseau complexe de relations de pouvoir qui s'exercent au sein d'un même genre (la femme). Ces dynamiques de pouvoir entre femmes sont façonnées par des identités raciales, immigrées et diverses autres identités sociales qui s'entrecroisent avec le genre. Cette recherche montre que les relations issues de ces interactions sont, en fait, asymétriquement formées et reconstruites au niveau micro de l'expérience par l'exercice d'expressions xénophobes du pouvoir socioculturel relatif et du privilège.
Picturing Barnaby Rudge : The Authorized and the Extra Illustrations
Authors: Rees Kathy
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This article explores the function and significance of "extra-illustrations" by discussing the steel-engraved plates of two episodes in Barnaby Rudge by Thomas Sibson (1817–44) in relation to Hablot Knight Browne's (1815–82) wood-engravings of the same scenes. While Browne's designs are carefully integrated into the text by meticulous placement, Sibson's plates were intended to stand alone in a frame or collector's portfolio. Browne take us deeper into the story by intensifying the drama of the moment, whereas Sibson often makes allusions that take the viewer beyond the narrative. The comparison between Sibson's and Browne's methods reveals a range of issues pertaining to British illustration culture and practices of the 1840s, showing particularly how the differences in form, mode, timing of issue, the presence or absence of captions, and the circumstances of display affected reception.
The Failure of Germany's Memory Culture
Authors: Kundnani Hans
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: In the months since October 7, people around the world have looked on in horror as Germany has wielded the memory of the Holocaust to silence criticism of Israel's war on Gaza. The German government's response to the conflict itself has not been all that different from that of the United States: both have increased their supply of weapons to Israel and supported Israel against South Africa in the International Court of Justice. But Germany has gone much further than the United States in persecuting protesters, artists, and intellectuals expressing sympathy for and solidarity with the Palestinian people. It wields its responsibility for a barely distant genocide as a kind of moral authority.
The Bidenomics Healthcare Problem
Authors: Vassallo Justin H.
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: Since the Affordable Care Act passed in 2010, there has been crucial—if labored—progress toward de facto universal healthcare in the United States. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of non-elderly uninsured people declined from roughly 48 million in 2010 to 25.6 million in 2022. At this peak, 92 percent of the U.S. population, or about 304 million people, had some form of health insurance.
Terror and the Ethics of Resistance
Authors: Morton Brian
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: After the terror attacks of September 11, 2001, it took the United States almost two years to forfeit the sympathy of the world. After the terror attacks of October 7 of last year, Israel, a more nimble superpower, accomplished the same feat in just a few days. Because the atrocities committed by Hamas have been eclipsed by the horrors that Israel has brought down on the people of Gaza, a consideration of the way the U.S. left responded to Hamas's attacks might seem to be of nothing more than historical interest. But some of the questions raised by our responses should still be of concern to those who want to build a better left.
Poland After Law and Justice
Authors: Ryzak Cyryl
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: After eight years of hardline national-Catholic rule, the Law and Justice Party (PiS) has been deprived of the opportunity to continue governing Poland. It squandered the goodwill its popular program of family benefits had built with harsh anti-abortion measures enabled by its controversial takeover of the Constitutional tribunal. Its defeat in the October elections was welcomed with euphoria by the big-tent anti-PiS camp, and with relief by those victimized by its authoritarian-conservative methods of governance, including LGBTQ people.
Labour Under New Management
Authors: Stafford James
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT: In the next British general election, due to happen within the year, the Labour Party is set to sweep into power after fourteen years in opposition. Its two major rivals, the Conservative Party and the Scottish National Party (SNP), have imploded in scandal and division. The financial meltdown unleashed by the forty-nine-day tenure of former Prime Minister Liz Truss propelled Labour to a commanding position in national opinion polls, one that her successor, Rishi Sunak, has been unable to dent at the time of writing. A police investigation into misappropriation of donations and the resignation of First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon have undermined the SNP at a moment when the pandemic, war, and Conservative vulnerability have made the case for independence seem far less pressing than it did a decade ago. Local council and by-election results from the rural shires of Yorkshire to the satellite towns of Glasgow suggest that Labour is advancing on all fronts.