bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron(IV) Complexes with Tetraazaadamantane-based Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, Application in Dioxygen Activation and Labeling of Biomolecules
Authors: Golovanov Ivan , Leonov Anton , Lesnikov Vladislav , Pospelov Evgeny , Frolov Kirill , Korlyukov Alexander , Nelyubina Yulia , Novikov Valentin , Sukhorukov Alexey
Published: December 2021

4,6,10-Trihydroxy-1,4,6,10-tetraazaadamantane (TAAD) has been shown to form a stable Fe(IV) complex having a diamantane cage structure, in which the metal center is coordinated by three oxygen atoms of the deprotonated ligand. The complex was characterized by X-ray, HRMS, NMR, FT-IR, Mössbauer spectroscopy and DFT calculations, which supported d4 configuration of iron. The Fe(IV)-TAAD complex showed excellent performance in dioxygen activation under mild conditions serving as a mimetic of the thiol oxidase enzyme. The nucleophilicity of the bridge-head nitrogen atom in TAAD provides a straightforward way for conjugation of Fe(IV)-TAAD complexes to various functional molecules. Using this approach, steroidal and peptide molecules having an iron(IV) label have been prepared for the first time. Also, the Fe(IV)-TAAD complex was covalently bounded to a polystyrene matrix and the resulting material was shown to serve as a heterogeneous catalyst for aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides.
Bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate prevents copper-induced blood–brain barrier damage
Authors: Borchard Sabine , Raschke Stefanie , Zak Krzysztof M , Eberhagen Carola , Einer Claudia , Weber Elisabeth , Müller Sandra M , Michalke Bernhard , Lichtmannegger Josef , Wieser Albrecht , Rieder Tamara , Popowicz Grzegorz M , Adamski Jerzy , Klingenspor Martin , Coles Andrew H , Viana Ruth , Vendelbo Mikkel H , Sandahl Thomas D , Schwerdtle Tanja , Plitz Thomas , Zischka Hans
Published: December 2021

In Wilson disease, excessive copper accumulates in patients’ livers and may, upon serum leakage, severely affect the brain according to current viewpoints. Present remedies aim at avoiding copper toxicity by chelation, for example, by D-penicillamine (DPA) or bis-choline tetrathiomolybdate (ALXN1840), the latter with a very high copper affinity. Hence, ALXN1840 may potentially avoid neurological deterioration that frequently occurs upon DPA treatment. As the etiology of such worsening is unclear, we reasoned that copper loosely bound to albumin, that is, mimicking a potential liver copper leakage into blood, may damage cells that constitute the blood-brain barrier, which was found to be the case in an in vitro model using primary porcine brain capillary endothelial cells. Such blood–brain barrier damage was avoided by ALXN1840, plausibly due to firm protein embedding of the chelator bound copper, but not by DPA. Mitochondrial protection was observed, a prerequisite for blood–brain barrier integrity. Thus, high-affinity copper chelators may minimize such deterioration in the treatment of neurologic Wilson disease.
Understanding of dropping out of sports in adolescence
Authors: Trbojević Jocić Jovana , Petrović Jelica
Published: December 2021

The aim of the research was to test the hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic
motivation (HMIEM) as a model for understanding the process of dropping out of
sports in adolescence. The task oriented motivational climate created by a coach
was defined as the social factor, whereas the satisfaction of need for
competence and enjoyment were the psychological mediators of amotivation.
Cognitive outcome was defined as the intention to drop out of sports. The
sample consisted of 383 respondents, 49.9% boys and 50.1% girls from Serbia,
average age 13.74 years, who actively played volleyball, basketball, and
handball. Results of the structural modelling equation analysis confirmed that
the HMIEM represented a good model for understanding the process of dropping
out, and that it explained 18.9% of the intention to drop out of sports in
adolescence. Athletes who perceive their coach’s behaviour as non-supportive,
rigid, primarily focused on achievement, will have sense of incompetence and will
lack enjoyment while doing sport. Unsatisfied needs then lead to the development
of amotivation – the lack of reasons to do sports, and to the intention to drop
out of sports. These results represent a further step towards creating
educational programmes for youth sport that might prevent dropping out of sport
in adolescence.
Telehealth Physical Therapy: More Than an Alternative to In Person Care of the Young Athlete
Authors: Molony Jr. Joseph T.
Published: December 2021

The shift to telehealth due to COVID-19 revealed that a new care model for the young athlete, which combines in-person and virtual visits, could be an enhancement to in-person care alone. This clinical suggestion is novel as it discusses the utility of a hybrid care model for the young athlete, which has not yet been described. Interacting with the patient and family virtually in the home environment offers benefits that are difficult to achieve in the clinic. Opportunities such as the ability to custom tailor the home program with consideration of the patient’s learning abilities, provide movement quality feedback outside of the clinical environment, observe parent/caregiver feedback, involve family members who may not be available to attend in-person visits, and the possibility of converting an in-person cancelation to a telehealth visit in order to maintain continuity of care, are examples of how this model may optimize treatment. Consideration of investigating the impact on clinical outcomes and cost effectiveness is recommended.

Level of Evidence

5
Electromyographic Evaluation of Early-Stage Shoulder Rehabilitation Exercises Following Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Edwards Peter K , Kwong Patrick Wai Hang , Ackland Timothy , Wang Allan , Donnelly Cyril J , Ebert Jay R
Published: December 2021

Background

Electromyography (EMG) is frequently used as a guide for exercise rehabilitation progression following rotator cuff repair. Knowledge of EMG activity during passive and active-assisted exercises may help guide clinicians when considering exercise prescription in the early post-operative period.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate EMG activity of the rotator cuff and deltoid musculature during passive and active-assisted shoulder range of motion (ROM) exercises commonly performed in post-operative rehabilitation.

Study Design

Descriptive cohort laboratory study using healthy subjects.

Methods

In sixteen active healthy volunteers, surface and fine-wire EMG activity was measured in the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and anterior, middle and posterior deltoid muscles during eight common ROM exercises. Mean %MVIC values and 95% confidence intervals were used to rank exercises from the least to the most amount of muscular activity generated during the exercises.

Results

Standard pendulum exercises generated low levels of EMG activity in the supraspinatus and infraspinatus (≤15% MVIC), while active-assisted table slides, and the upright wall slide generated low levels of EMG activity in only the supraspinatus. No exercises were found to generate low levels of muscular activation (≤15% MVIC) in the subscapularis.

Conclusion

This study found no clear distinctions between the EMG activity of the supraspinatus or the infraspinatus occurring during common passive and active-assisted ROM exercises. Subdividing ROM exercises based on muscle activity, may not be necessary to guide progression of exercises prior to commencing active motion after rotator cuff repair.

Level of Evidence

Level 3b
Shoulder and Hip Range of Motion and Strength Changes Throughout a Season in College Softball Players
Authors: Guy Cameron R , Zeppieri Jr. Giorgio , Bruner Michelle L , Davis Katie , Farmer Kevin W
Published: December 2021

Background

Many studies have been done on the strength and mobility of the shoulder and hip in baseball players, but fewer studies have examined these metrics in softball players.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to observe and analyze changes in range of motion (ROM) and strength at the hip and shoulder that occur over the course of a competitive season, to describe preseason ROM and strength at the hip and shoulder in healthy college softball players through side-to-side comparison, and to compare measurements between pitchers and position players.

Study Design

Descriptive Cohort Study

Methods

Data was collected over the course of six seasons, and a total of fifty-four healthy softball athletes (including pitchers and postiion players) who completed at least one set of preseason and postseason measurements were included. Subjects underwent passive ROM (External rotation [ER], internal rotation [IR], total arc of motion [TAM]) and strength (ER/IR at the shoulder, abduction/extension at the hip) measurements at preseason and postseason timepoints.

Results

Over a season, position players demonstrated an increase in all ROM metrics in both shoulders, except dominant IR, and a decrease in ER strength at the shoulder bilaterally (p<0.05). They also showed decreased ROM in all metrics across both hips (p<0.05). Pitchers had increased IR and TAM ROM in the dominant shoulder, decreased strength in both shoulders (ER throwing; ER and IR non-throwing), decreased ROM in both hips, and decreased abduction strength in the non-dominant hip (p<0.05). Position players showed less preseason IR in the dominant shoulder compared to non-dominant IR (Dominant: 31.7 ± 1.6°, Non-dominant: 37.0 ± 2.3°; p<0.05).

Conclusion

Softball pitchers and position players both show increased ROM at the shoulder and decreased ROM at the hip over the course of a season. Position players demonstrated side-to-side discrepancies and seasonal changes at the throwing shoulder similar to those seen in baseball players. The preseason mobility of the dominant shoulder of pitchers increased over the season while strength of hip abduction in the non-dominant side was reduced.

Level of Evidence

3
Sport Specialization, Physical Performance and Injury History in Canadian Junior High School Students
Authors: Whatman Chris , van den Berg Carla , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Emery Carolyn
Published: December 2021

Background

Youth sports participation is encouraged for proposed physical and psychological benefits. However early sport specialization and the potentially negative consequences may be a cause for concern.

Purpose

To describe sport specialization in Canadian youth and investigate associations with previous injury and physical performance.

Study design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

Junior high school students (grades 7-9, ages 11-16) were invited to participate. All participants completed a questionnaire capturing specialization level (low, moderate, high; based on year-round training, exclusion of other sports, and single-sport training) and injury history in the previous 12-months. Additionally, all participants completed physical performance measures including vertical jump (cm), predicted VO2max (mL/kg/min), single-leg balance (secs) and Y-Balance composite score (%). Logistic regression examined the association between school grade, school size, sex and sport specialization (Objective 1) and the association between sport specialization and injury history (Objective 2). Multivariable linear regression analyses (4) assessed associations between sport specialization category and physical performance measures (Objective 3).

Results

Two hundred and thirty-eight students participated in the study. Eighteen percent of participants reported high specialization, with no significant associations between sex, grade or school size and specialization category. There was no significant difference in the odds of sustaining previous injury between participants reporting moderate (odds ratio [OR]=1.94, 95% CI 0.86-4.35) or high (OR=2.21, 95% CI 0.43-11.37) compared to low specialization. There were no significant differences in vertical jump height (mean diff [MD] = -0.4 to 2.1cm), predicted VO2max (MD = 2.2 to 3.1mL/kg/min), single leg balance (MD = 0.5 to 1.9sec) or Y-balance (MD = 0.6 to 7.0%) between sport specialization categories.

Conclusions

Sport specialization exists in Canadian junior high schools but may be less common than previously reported and it was not associated with sex, grade, or school size. Level of specialization was not associated with history of injury nor a range of physical performance measures.

Level of Evidence

Level 3
The Reliability and Validity of Gluteal Endurance Measures (GEMs)
Authors: Lehecka B J , Smith Barbara S , Rundell Todd , Cappaert Thomas A , Hakansson Nils A
Published: December 2021

Background

The gluteals have unique morphology related to muscle endurance, including moderate fiber sizes and a majority of Type I endurance fibers. Evidence suggests gluteal endurance is related to low back pain, running kinematics, balance, posture, and more. However, reliable and valid measures specific to gluteal endurance are lacking in the literature.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the intra- and inter-rater reliability of two gluteal endurance measures (GEMs) for clinical use. It also aimed to examine validity for the two measures by using electromyography (EMG), recording reasons for task failure, and analyzing differences between demographic groups.

Study Design

Cross-Sectional

Methods

Sixty-eight males and females with and without recurrent low back pain aged 18-35 years were recruited from a university population. Electromyography electrodes were placed on subjects’ gluteus maximus and gluteus medius, and each subject performed three trials of GEM-A (abduction endurance) and GEM-B (bridging endurance). Hold times, EMG median frequency (MF) data, and subjective reasons for task failure were analyzed.

Results

Both GEMs demonstrated high intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.87-0.94) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.99). Mean hold times were 104.83 ± 34.11 seconds for GEM-A (abduction endurance) and 81.03 ± 24.79 seconds for GEM-B (bridging endurance). No statistically significant difference was found between subjects with and without recurrent LBP. Median frequency data validated the onset of gluteal fatigue during both measures. Posterolateral hip (gluteal) fatigue was reported as the primary reason for task failure in 93% and 86% of subjects for GEM-A and GEM-B, respectively.

Conclusion

This seminal study of GEM-A (abduction endurance) and GEM-B (bridging endurance) found both measures to be reliable and valid measures of gluteal endurance. Further examination of the GEMs in samples with different types of LBP or hip pain is recommended.

Level of Evidence

3
Single-Leg Vertical Hop Test Detects Greater Limb Asymmetries Than Horizontal Hop Tests After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in NCAA Division 1 Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Zarro Michael J , Stitzlein Matthew G , Lee Jason S , Rowland Robert W , Gray Vicki L , Taylor Jeffrey B , Meredith Sean J , Packer Jonathan D , Nelson Christa M
Published: December 2021

Background

Knee function deficits may persist after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Return to sport (RTS) testing batteries assess recovery after ACLR and can guide RTS progression, but the ideal test components are debatable. The single leg vertical hop for height (SLVH) test using a commercially available jump mat may provide a valuable assessment of knee function.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the limb symmetry index (LSI) of SLVH to horizontal hop testing in a cohort of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate athletes after ACLR. The hypothesis was the SLVH would elicit significantly lower LSI than horizontal hop tests.

Study design

Cross-Sectional Study

Methods

Eighteen National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 collegiate athletes (7 males, 11 females) at 7.33 ± 2.05 months after ACLR were included in this retrospective study. LSI was calculated for single hop for distance (SHD), triple hop for distance (THD), cross-over hop for distance (CHD), timed 6-meter hop (T6H), and SLVH. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to identify differences in LSI for each test. Spearman’s Rho correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the relationship between LSIs for each test.

Results

The LSI for SLVH (84.48% ± 11.41%) was significantly lower than LSI for SHD (95.48 ± 8.02%, p = 0.003), THD (94.40 ± 3.70%, p = 0.002), CHD (95.85 ± 7.00, p = 0.007), and T6H (97.69 ± 6.60%, p = 0.001). The correlation of LSI between SLVH and the horizontal hop tests was weak and non-significant for SHD (rs = 0.166, p = 0.509), CHD (rs = 0.199, p = 0.428), and T6H (rs = 0.211, p = 0.401) and moderate and non-significant for THD (rs = 0.405, p = 0.096).

Conclusions

Individuals after ACLR had lower LSI on the SLVH than on horizontal hop tests and weak to moderate correlations between the tests suggest SLVH detects performance deficits not identified by the horizontal hop tests.

Level of evidence

3
Effective Attentional Focus Strategies after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Commentary
Authors: Singh Harjiv , Gokeler Alli , Benjaminse Anne
Published: December 2021

Individuals after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) have a high rate of reinjury upon return to competitive sports. Deficits in motor control may influence reinjury risk and can be addressed during rehabilitation with motor learning strategies. When instructing patients in performing motor tasks after ACLR, an external focus of attention directed to the intended movement effect has been shown to be more effective in reducing reinjury risk than an internal focus of attention on body movements. While this concept is mostly agreed upon, recent literature has made it clear that the interpretation and implementation of an external focus of attention within ACLR rehabilitation needs to be better described. The purpose of this commentary is to provide a clinical framework for the application of attentional focus strategies and guide clinicians towards effectively utilizing an external focus of attention in rehabilitation after ACLR.

Level of Evidence

5
Perceived Management of Acute Sports Injuries and Medical Conditions by Athletic Trainers and Physical Therapists
Authors: Wallace Alan , Briggs Matthew S. , Onate James , DeWitt John , Rinehart-Thompson Laurie
Published: December 2021

Background

While Athletic Trainers’ (ATs) education emphasizes sport event coverage, Physical Therapists’ (PTs) education may prepare them for event coverage responsibilities. The objectives of this study were to compare the perceived preparedness and decision-making related to acute injury/medical condition management among ATs and PTs and evaluate the relationship between perceived preparedness and decision-making.

Hypothesis

ATs would report greater perceived preparedness and appropriate decision-making related to acute injury/medical conditions compared to PTs.

Study Design

Cross-sectional, Online survey

Methods

An electronic survey was disseminated to licensed ATs (n=2,790) and PTs (n=10,207). Survey questions focused on perceived preparedness for management of acute injuries/medical conditions. Respondents also completed questions that assessed clinical decision-making related to acute injury case scenarios. Kruskal-Wallis H-Tests and Spearman’s Rho Correlations were used for the analysis. Significance was set to p<0.003 after adjustment for family-wise error.

Results

Six-hundred and fifty-five respondents (292 ATs, 317 PTs, 46 dual credentialed PT/ATs) completed the entire survey. ATs had the highest level of perceived preparedness of all the groups (p<0.0003). Greater than 75% of PTs responded either “appropriately” or “overly cautious” to 10 of the 17 case scenarios, as opposed to 11 of the 17 case scenarios by ATs. Greater than 75% of the PTs who were board specialty certified in sports responded either “appropriately” or “overly cautious” to 13 case scenarios.

Conclusion

More ATs than PTs perceived themselves to be prepared to manage acute injuries/ medical conditions. Further, results indicate that PTs may be an effective and safe provider of event coverage. Conditions/injuries with low perceived preparedness or poor performance may offer both ATs and PTs an opportunity to identify areas for future training and education to optimize care for athletes with acute injuries or medical conditions.

Level of Evidence

Level 3b
Dynamic Balance is Similar Between Lower Extremities in Elite Fencers
Authors: Abdelkader Nader , Brown Stephen H.M. , Beach Tyson A.C. , Howarth Samuel J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Few studies have quantified dynamic balance in fencers despite previous suggestions that balance training may be beneficial for these athletes. Generally, asymmetry in dynamic balance performance between the left and right legs can be an indicator of lower extremity injury risk and used to monitor rehabilitation progress. Fencing is recognized as an asymmetric sport, therefore, differences in dynamic balance may exist among uninjured athletes.

Hypothesis/Purpose

The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate whether asymmetry of dynamic balance is present in uninjured national-level fencers. It was hypothesized that elite uninjured fencers would demonstrate superior dynamic balance on the lead-leg of their fencing stance. A secondary objective was to compare dynamic balance performance of elite fencers to previously published data from high-level athletes participating in other sports.

Study Design

Descriptive Laboratory Study

Methods

Fourteen uninjured elite competitive fencers were recruited. Subjects self-reported the lead leg of their fencing stance. Each participant performed the Y-Balance test (YBT), which represented a measurement of dynamic balance control, on both legs. Reach distances were recorded directly from a commercially available YBT apparatus. Four reach distances were recorded: anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral, and a composite measure was calculated. Distances were leg length-normalized and expressed as a percentage. Sample averages and standard deviations were derived for the four YBT measurements.

Results

There were no significant differences in reaching distance between the lead and trail legs in any of the four YBT measures (p ≥ 0.65). Fencers appeared to demonstrate larger normalized reach distances in the posterolateral and posteromedial directions than other athletes.

Conclusions

The results of this study indicate that dynamic balance is not significantly different between the lead and trail legs in elite fencers, despite the asymmetrical nature of their sport. The apparent symmetry of dynamic balance control in uninjured fencers means that the YBT could be used in this population for monitoring progress during training and rehabilitation.

Level of Evidence

2b
The Use of Big Data to Improve Human Health: How Experience From other Industries Will Shape the Future
Authors: Hewett Timothy E , Olsen Greg , Atkinson Mark
Published: December 2021

‘Data science’ represents a set of mathematical and software development related techniques that are applied across a wide range of problems and industries. Practitioners of data science in human health-related domains typically see a world that differs substantially from practitioners in other domains such as advertising, finance, e-commerce, manufacturing, or social networking. This commentary discusses what those differences are (Project vs Product Focus, Independent vs Integrated Efforts, Causality vs Prediction Driven, Statistical vs Machine Learning Centricity) why they exist, and the future convergence that we believe is on the horizon. The concepts discussed can provide a starting point in which health and human performance-focused stakeholders can begin to align well-established data science applications from other domains to further enable innovative health and performance solutions.
Lower Limb Exercise-Based Injury Prevention Programs Are Effective in Improving Sprint Speed, Jumping, Agility and Balance: an Umbrella Review
Authors: Bel Loïc , Mathieu Nicolas , Ducrest Vincent , Bizzini Mario
Published: December 2021

Background

Exercise-based injury prevention programs for athletes have demonstrated consistent results in reducing the risk of lower limb injuries. Compliance is essential for program effectiveness and may be facilitated when these programs demonstrate positive effects on athletic performance.

Hypothesis/Purpose

To summarize the findings of current systematic reviews on the effectiveness of lower limb injury prevention programs with multiple neuromuscular components on sports performance and quantify these effects. The authors hypothesized that injury prevention programs can improve certain sports performance criteria.

Study Design

Umbrella systematic review

Methods

Systematic reviews published in French, German, or English between January 1990 and January 2020 were identified in five databases. Only articles that investigated multicomponent lower limb injury prevention programs and their effects on the performance criteria of strength, balance, agility, jumping or speed by both amateur and professional athletes of all ages and sex were included. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed by two reviewers independently using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews measurement tool.

Results

Five systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Overall, beneficial effects of multicomponent exercise-based injury prevention programs were observed for balance, agility, jumping and speed. While the effects on strength were more variable, there was a positive trend in favor of injury prevention programs.

Conclusion

Injury prevention programs with multiple neuromuscular exercise components demonstrate overall beneficial effects on the performance criteria of balance, agility, jumping or speed. These beneficial effects may be used to promote the implementation of such programs.

Level of Evidence

2a
Reliability of an Observational Biomechanical Analysis Tool in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers
Authors: DeFroda Steven F , Sugimoto Dai , Staffa Steven J , Bae Donald S , Shanley Ellen , Thigpen Charles A , Kriz Peter K
Published: December 2021

Background

Improper pitching mechanics are a risk factor for arm injuries. While 3-dimensional (3D) motion analysis remains the gold standard for evaluation, most pitchers and clinicians do not have access to this costly technology. Recent advances in 2-dimensional (2D) video technology provide acceptable resolution for clinical analysis. However, no systematic assessment tools for pitching analysis exist.

Purpose

To determine the reliability of the Assessment of biomeChanical Efficiency System (ACES) screening tool using 2D video analysis to identify common biomechanical errors in adolescent pitchers.

Study Design

Cross-sectional.

Methods

Adolescent baseball pitchers underwent analysis using 2D video in indoor settings. Observational mechanics were collected using a 20-item scoring tool (ACES) based on 2D video analysis. Fleiss’ kappa, interclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and frequencies were used to examine intra-/interrater reliability based on common pitching errors.

Results

Twenty asymptomatic pitchers ages 12-18 years were included. Total ACES scores ranged from 1 to 13, normally distributed. ACES total score demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability within each rater (ICC for rater 1 = 0.99 (95% CI; 0.98, 0.99); ICC for rater 2 = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.97); ICC for rater 3 = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96, 0.99)). There was excellent interrater reliability across the trials and raters (ICC = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.96). The ACES tool demonstrated acceptable kappas for individual items and strong ICC 0.91 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.96) for total scores across the trials. Regarding identification of biomechanical errors, “front side position” was rated erroneous in 84/120 ratings (70%), stride length in 52/120 ratings (43.3%) and lead hip position in 53/120 ratings (44.2%).

Conclusions

The 20-item ACES scoring tool with 2D video analysis demonstrated excellent intra- and interrater reliability when utilized by raters of different musculoskeletal disciplines. Future studies validating 2D vs. 3D methodology are warranted before ACES is widely disseminated and utilized for adolescent pitchers. ACES is a practical and reliable clinical assessment tool utilizing 2D video analysis for coaches, instructors, and sports medicine providers to screen adolescent pitchers for common biomechanical errors.

Level of Evidence

3b
Can a Modified Y-Balance Test Predict Running Overuse Injuries over the Course of a Division I Collegiate Cross-Country Season?
Authors: Tao Hanz , Thompson Creighton , Weber Steven
Published: December 2021

Background

Collegiate distance runners often suffer from running overuse injuries (ROI). The Y-Balance Test (YBT) has the potential to predict ROI risk in collegiate runners.

Purpose

To investigate whether a preseason clinical assessment of dynamic balance, through a modified version of the YBT (mYBT), can predict risk of ROIs during one NCAA Division I cross-country (XC) season.

Study Design

Prospective case-control study

Methods

Participants from a Division I XC team were screened for mYBT performance in four directions: anterior (AN), posteromedial (PM), posterolateral (PL), and posterior (PO). ROIs were tracked over the course of the XC season. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (α = 0.05) was utilized to investigate the effectiveness of the mYBT in predicting injury risk.

Results

Nine (5 female, 4 male) of 29 runners developed an ROI during the XC season. Five components of the mYBT were found to predict injuries, including normalized nondominant PO score (AUC = 0.756, p = 0.03; RR = 1.90), AN raw difference and limb asymmetry (AUC = 0.808, p = 0.01), and PM raw difference and limb asymmetry in males (AUC = 0.958, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

Specific components of the mYBT can help predict the risk of developing a running overuse injury over one Division I XC season.

Level of Evidence

Screening, Level 3
The Relationship between Landing Error Scoring System Performance and Injury in Female Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Lisman Peter , Wilder Joshua N. , Berenbach Joshua , Jiao Enric , Hansberger Bethany
Published: December 2021

Background

The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a standardized tool used to identify aberrant biomechanical movement patterns during a jump-landing task. Prior authors have examined the value of the LESS in identifying ACL injury risk in athletic populations. Yet, no study has evaluated the association between LESS performance and incidence of any type of lower extremity injury in female collegiate athletes across multiple sports.

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between LESS performance as measured with a markerless motion-capture system and lower extremity injury in female collegiate athletes.

Study Design

Prospective cohort study.

Methods

One hundred and ten DI female collegiate athletes (basketball, n=12; field hockey,

n=17; gymnastics, n=14; lacrosse, n=27; softball, n=23; volleyball, n=17) completed a jump-landing test prior to the start of their sport seasons. The LESS was automatically scored using a Microsoft Kinect sensor and Athletic Movement Assessment software (PhysiMax®). Participants were tracked throughout one competitive season for incidence of time-loss lower extremity injury. A Receiver Operating Characteristic curve determined the optimal cutpoint for the total LESS score for predicting injury. Pearson’s Chi squared statistics examined the association between injury and LESS total scores >5. The Fisher exact test evaluated group differences for the frequency of receiving an error on individual LESS test items.

Results

Female collegiate athletes with LESS scores >5 were not more likely to be injured than those with scores ≤5 (χ2=2.53, p=0.111). The relative risk of injury to this group was 1.78 (95% CI=0.86, 3.68) while the odds ratio was 2.10 (95% CI=0.83, 5.27). The uninjured group was more likely to receive an error on lateral trunk flexion at initial contact than the injured group (p=0.023).

Conclusion

The LESS total score was not associated with an increased odds of lower extremity injury in this cohort of female collegiate athletes. Future studies to examine the association between individual LESS item scores and injury are warranted.

Level of Evidence

1b.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP INDIVIDUALISASI PIDANA DALAM PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PERPAJAKAN
Authors: Juita Subaidah Ratna , Sihotang Amri Panahatan , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan penerapan prinsip individualisasi pidana melalui pemidanaan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perpajakan dalam putusan hakim. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang dikaji berdasarkan obyek kajian hukum pidana tentang penerapan sanksi pidana dalam putusan hakim yang dikaitkan dengan prinsip individualisasi pidana. Analisis mendalam terhadap Putusan MA No. 938 K/Pid.Sus/2015 yang sudah berkekuatan hukum tetap (inkracht van gewijsde) difokuskan pada penerapan prinsip individualisasi pidana melalui pemidanaan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perpajakan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah penerapan ide individualisasi pidana yang dituangkan melalui pemidanaan terhadap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Perpajakan dalam Putusan MA No. 938 K/Pid.Sus/2015 didasarkan pada adanya kesalahan pelaku, dan elastisitas pemidanaan yang didasarkan pada perubahan/perkembangan/perbaikan pada diri pelaku sendiri. Penerapan prinsip individualisasi pidana melalui pemidanaan terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perpajakan dalam putusan hakim perlu dilakukan melalui pendekatan  humanistik  pada pelaku tindak pidana perpajakan, dan tidak hanya harus sesuai dengan nilai-nilai  kemanusiaan  yang beradab,  tetapi juga harus  dapat  membangkitkan kesadaran pelaku akan nilai-nilai kemanusian dan nilai-nilai pergaulan hidup bermasyarakat.
INKONSISTENSI PENEGAKAN HUKUM TINDAK PIDANA HOAKS DI INDONESIA PASCA REFORMASI
Authors: Purnomo Hadi , Yosua Andre
Published: December 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana ketentuan tindak pidana hoaks dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia, dan bagaimana terjadinya inkonsistensi dalam upaya penegakan hukum tindak pidana hoaks di Indonesia. Akhir-akhir ini dunia media sosial terus dibanjiri kritikan terhadap pola penegakan hukum di era presiden Jokowi. Satu tahun pasca menjabat di periode kedua ini perjalanan penegakan hukum dipandang lamban, tebang pilih dan masih terus menuai polemik. Polemik yang menjadi penyebab adalah hukum dijalankan masih dengan cara-cara lama, tebang pilih terhadap pelaku tindak pidana dan penerapan pasal yang terkesan dipaksakan. Salah satu upaya penegakan hukum yang terus menuai kontra adalah penanganan tindak pidana hoaks yang masih tebang pilih. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini penelitian hukum normatif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ketentuan hoaks dalam KUHP dan UU ITE jelas telah tercantum dan secara normatif hoaks tidak sama dengan kritikan. Kritik adalah bagian dari corak kehidupan demokrasi, mematikan demokrasi sama dengan menghilangkan kebiasan kritik. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam upaya penegakan hukum  tindak pidana hoaks adalah bahwa unsur politk yang menguasai sistem kenegaraan di Indonesia menyebabkan hukum tidak dapat berjalan secara normal. Unsur kepentingan dan lobi-lobi di elit politik menyebabkan asas legalitas yang didengung-dengunkan negara ini hanya sebuah kehidupan yang formalitas.
HUKUM ADMINISTRASI DAN SISTEM PERADILAN DI INDONESIA YANG BERKEADILAN SESUAI ASAS-ASAS PANCASILA
Authors: Sudarmanto Kukuh
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hukum administrasi dan sistem peradilan di Indonesia yang berkeadilan sesuai asas-asas Pancasila, serta sinergitasnya dalam hukum administrasi. Indonesia yang berlandaskan pada Pancasila dan UUD 1945, selayaknya pula bahwa tujuan dari administrasi negaranya berdasar dan bersumber pada nilai-nilai Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif yaitu penelitian yang dimaksudkan untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subyek penelitian, secara holistik dengan cara deskripsi dalam bentuk kata-kata naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum administrasi dan sistem peradilan di Indonesia yang berkeadilan sesuai asas-asas Pancasila merupakan kristalisasi nilai-nilai yang hidup dan berkembang dalam masyarakat sejatinya menjadi sumber utama dalam pembentukan hukum administrasi pemerintahan. Landasan ideal yang terformulasi sebagai dasar negara dan terumus dalam lima sila pada hakekatnya mengandung ajaran moral bangsa, ajaran tentang akhlak, bagaimana seseorang bertingkah laku yang baik, yang beretika, bersusila. Sinergitas asas-asas Pancasila sangat relevan dengan hukum administrasi dengan cita-cita bernegara dalam mewujudkan demokrasi yang berpijak pada politik dan nomokrasi yang berpijak pada kedaulatan hukum, sehingga semangat bernegara yang terilhami dalam lima sila Pancasila dalam diwujudkan dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.
PELIBATAN ANAK DALAM KEGIATAN KAMPANYE POLITIK
Authors: Mulyani Tri , Sukimin Sukimin
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis tentang hukumnya melibatkan anak dalam kegiatan kampanye politik menurut hukum positif di Indonesia, beserta akibat hukumnya. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dasar hukum melibatkan anak dalam kegiatan kampanye politik menurut hukum positif di Indonesia, ternyata tidak diatur secara jelas dalam UU Pemilu. Namun secara implisit terjemahannya dapat diketemukan dalam berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan terkait. Petama dapat dilihat dalam Pasal 280 ayat (2) huruf k, tentang larangan kampanye, kedua dapat dilihat penjelasannya dalam Pasal 1 Angka 34 UU Pemilu, tentang ketentuan pemilih dan ketiga dapat dilihat dalam Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak, tentang usia anak. Dari ketiga ketentuan tersebut dapat diketahui anak berdasarkan hukum positif di Indonesia merupakan anak yang belum berusia 18 tahun dan belum kawin, dan merekalah yang dilarang dilibatkan dalam kegiatan kampanye politik. Akibat hukumnya bila melibatkan anak-anak dalam kegiatan kampanye dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana (penjara dan/atau denda menurut UU Pemilu dan UU Perlindungan Anak) dan sanksi administrasi (pembatalan nama calon dari daftar calon tetap; atau pembatalan penetapan calon sebagai calon terpilih menurut UU Pemilu).
KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA UNTUK MENGURANGI OVERCROWDED LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Saputra Andika Oktavian , Mahardika Sylvester Enricho , Pujiyono Pujiyono
Published: December 2021

Peningkatan jumlah penghuni lembaga pemasyarakatan dapat memicu adanya permasalahan overcrowded. Overcrowded di lembaga pemasyarakatan juga rentan terhadap penularan Covid-19 yang saat ini masif terjadi. Dikeluarkannya kebijakan pemerintah berupa Kebijakan oleh Menteri Hukum dan Ham berupa Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan Ham No M.HH-19.PK.01.04.04 Tahun 2020, dan juga Permenkumham No 10 Tahun 2020 merupakan suatu hal yang tepat dan memperoleh dampak yang positif bagi keberlangsungan sistem pemasyarakatan. Dari pengurangan narapidana di dalam Lapas melalui Asimilasi dan Integrasi untuk mencegah COVID-19 bagi narapidana, berhasil menurunkan angka Over crowded Lapas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui upaya penanggulangan overcrowded pada lembaga pemasyarakatan ditengah munculnya wabah virus covid19, metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan mengurangi masa pidana akibat adanya pandemic covid 19 untuk memberi asimilasi dan integrasi kepada narapidana setelah memenuhi syarat-syarat tertentu merupakan kebijakan yang progresif. 
PIJAKAN PERLUNYA DIVERSI BAGI ANAK DALAM PENGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA
Authors: Triwati Ani , Kridasaksana Doddy
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis perlunya upaya diversi bagi anak yang melakukan pengulangan tindak pidana. Diversi dalam pembaharuan sistem peradilan pidana anak sebagai upaya memenuhi hak anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum, menghindarkan anak dari pidana perampasan kemerdekaan dan stigmatisasi. Diversi tidak dapat dilakukan dalam hal pengulangan tindak pidana. Urgensi penelitian ini karena penerapan diversi masih menghadapi berbagai hambatan di antaranya dari aspek substansi hukum yaitu tidak dapat diupayakan dalam pengulangan tindak pidana. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yuridis normatif dengan analisis kualitatif, spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis dan preskriptif. Kepentingan terbaik bagi anak merupakan pertimbangan utama dalam penyelesaian perkara anak, sehingga sudah semestinya penyelesaian dapat diupayakan terlebih dahulu di luar proses peradilan pidana termasuk dalam hal pengulangan tindak pidana. Anak yang melakukan pengulangan tindak pidana perlu diupayakan diversi untuk memberikan perlindungan dan pemenuhan hak anak sebagaimana dijamin konstitusi. Upaya diversi dalam hal pengulangan tindak pidana yang dilakukan anak, dengan memberikan kesempatan diupayakan diversi secara kasuistik dengan persyaratan, sehingga pengalihan penyelesaian perkara anak di luar proses peradilan pidana lebih memberikan nilai keadilan dan manfaat bagi anak.
IMPLIKASI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG CIPTA KERJA TERHADAP PEMBENTUKAN PRODUK HUKUM DAERAH
Authors: Sudarmanto Kukuh , Suryanto Budi , Junaidi Muhammad , Sadono Bambang
Published: December 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis implikasi UU No. 11 tahun 2020 (UU Cipta Kerja) terhadap peraturan Bupati Kudus No. 43 tahun 2018. Masalahnya, mengapa pembentukan peraturan, khususnya di Kabupaten Kudus memakai peraturan bupati. Urgensinya penulisan ini adalah karena perkada tentang pembentukan produk hukum daerah sangat penting dalam penyelenggaraan otonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis normatif/penelitian hukum doctrinal. Kebaharuan penelitian yaitu belum ada penelitian terdahulu yang membahas Peraturan Bupati Kudus No. 43 tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Pembentukan produk hukum daerah, khususnya di Kabupaten Kudus melalui Perkada contohnya Peraturan Bupati Kudus No. 43 tahun 2018 adalah sesuatu yang tampaknya kontroversil mengingat Perdanya saja di Kabupaten Kudus dibentuk oleh DPRD Kabupaten Kudus dengan persetujuan bersama Bupati Kudus. Hal ini seakan-akan kontradiksi. (2) Implikasi dengan adanya revisi Pasal 250 UU Pemda No. 23 tahun 2014 oleh Pasal 250 dan Pasal 252 UU Cipta Kerja, maka Peraturan Bupati Kudus No. 43 Tahun 2018 harus menyesuaikan dengan Pasal 250 dan Pasal 252 UU Cipta Kerja.
PROBLEMATIKA EKSEKUSI HARTA PAILIT DALAM CROSS BORDER INSOLVENCY
Authors: Puspitasari Lia Nopiharni , Septiandani Dian , Ratna Sediati Diah Sulistyani , Sukarna Kadi
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui praktek eksekusi harta pailit yang di dalam pelaksanaannya terdapat problematika dan juga mekanisme pemberesan harta pailit dalam cross border insolvency. Terkait dengan adanya kepailitan lintas batas negara, Indonesia belum mengatur mengenai peraturan yang mengatur mengenai hal tersebut sehingga muncul sebuah problematika dalam eksekusi kepailitan lintas batas negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode pendekatan yuridis normatif. Cross border insolvency dapat terjadi apabila aset atau utang seorang debitur terletak di lebih dari satu negara atau apabila debitur termasuk ke dalam yurisdiksi pengadilan pada dua atau lebih negara. Dalam kaitannya dengan kasus kepailitan yang bersifat lintas batas, sering terjadi suatu keadaan dimana terdapat debitor yang akan digugat pailit berkedudukan di suatu negara, tetapi ia juga melakukan kegiatan usaha dan memiliki aset di luar negeri. Begitupun sebaliknya, debitor asing yang akan digugat pailit, tetapi ia memiliki kegiatan usaha ataupun aset di Indonesia. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan keadaan harta debitur yang melintasi batas negara sering menimbulkan permasalahan mengenai batasan harta debitur yang termasuk ke dalam boedel pailit.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENGATURAN HUKUM BUILD OPERATE TRANSFER (BOT) DI INDONESIA DENGAN NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN
Authors: H. Noho Muhammad Dzikirullah , Santoso Budi , Prananingtyas Paramita , Islami Trinah Asi
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perbandingan pengaturan BOT diberbagai negara Asean sebagai acuan pembaharuan hukum BOT di Indonesia. Pembangunan infrastruktur baik sarana dan prasarana adalah kewajiban pemerintah. BOT sebagai alternatif pembiayaan harapannya dapat memenuhi kebutuhan itu. Namun pada tataran regulasi perlu juga diperbaiki agar dapat memberikan kepastian dan keadilan bagi semua pihak, seperti halnya regulasi BOT yang dibuat oleh Filipina yang kemudian membawa ketertarikan bagi swasta asing ataupun lokal untuk ikut terlibat membangun infrastruktur di negaranya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konsep, dan perbandingan, bahan hukum yang dikumpulkan adalah bahan hukum sekunder baik itu putusan ataupun peraturan-peraturan terkait. Konsep umum BOT disebut Project Finance, dengan dua peserta utama, yaitu pemerintah tuan rumah dan sponsor swasta. BOT di Indonesia, Fililipina, Malaysia, dan Vietnam sangatlah beragam. Pengaturan ini dibuat menyesuaikan dengan kondisi negara masing-masing. Perbandingan BOT antara Indonesia dengan Filipina, Malaysia, dan Vietnam menjelaskan bahwa BOT di Indonesia masih sangat liberal dan tidak pro nasionalisasi, hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada tidak adanya aturan mengenai kepemilikan saham perusahan BOT yang dimiliki oleh orang Indonesia, bahkan jangka waktu konsesi, serta model penyelesaiannya.
PENANGANAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH ANAK BERDASARKAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
Authors: Irawan Chandra Noviardy
Published: December 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran dan menganalisis seperti apa penanganan pembunuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak dengan pendekatan restorative justice. Penanganan perkara anak yang melakukan. tindak pidana harus dibedakan dari penanganan pada kasus dewasa, termasuk anak dengan tindak pidana pembunuhan, yang pada proses penanganannya mendapatkan tekanan terutama saat proses pemeriksaan perkara sedang berlangsung yang akan memberikan pengaruh pada sikap mental anak, pelaksanaan penanganan perkara pidana pembunuhan oleh anak memiliki ciri khas tertentu yang ditujukan untuk melindungi anak tersebut, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengupas bagaimana tindak pidana tersebut ditangani dengan memperhatikan perlindungan terhadap anak. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan undang.-.undang. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa sistem peradilan anak pendekatan yang dikenal dengan diversi diberikan kepada anak yang masuk dalam kategori anak dengan kenakalan atau anak yang melakukan. tindak pidana pembunuhan dalam penjatuhan pidana terdapat perbedaan. Penjatuhan pidana pembunuhan terhadap anak berupa pidana pokok lebih bersifat peringatan yaitu pidana ringan yang tidak menimbulkan pembatasan pada kebebasan yang dimiliki oleh anak, dan bersifat syarat meliputi pembinaan di luar ataupun di dalam lembaga; pelayanan pada masyarakat; pengawasan; pelatihan kerja; & penjara sebagai upaya terakhir. Oleh karenanya dapat disimpulkan bahwa penanganan anak sebagai pelaku tindak pidana pembunuhan di masa yang akan datang perlu disesuaikan dengan prinsip restorative justice.