bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Senescent T cell population in Glioblastoma
Authors: Song Leo , Henriquez Mario , Chintala, PhD Sreenivasulu , Dey, MD Mahua
Published: January 2019

Background and Hypothesis: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults and has a median overall survival of 20.6 months. Intracranial location, infiltrative growth with near 100% recurrence and the blood brain barrier are challenges which make treating GBM difficult. CD8+ T cells (CTLs) are largely responsible for mediating anti-tumor responses and thus, are an endpoint to most immunotherapies. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) hampers T cell effectiveness and causes exhaustion and senescence. Senescent CTLs (CD28-CD57+) can result from DNA damage which causes loss of CD28. Lack of CD28 renders CTLs insensitive to immune signals and result in loss of cytotoxic functions. Thus, we hypothesize that CTLs have lost CD28 expression and are becoming senescent in the TME of GBM patients. 
Experimental Design or Project Methods: CD8 and CD28 RNA expression data was pulled from TCGA in glioma and normal brain patients and a Pearson’s correlation was conducted. Lymphocytes were isolated from patient tumor brain and blood and using flow cytometry, CD3+ CD8+ T cells were identified and stained for CD28, CD57, PD-1, and TIM-3.  
Results: RNA sequencing data from TCGA database on CD8 and CD28 expression showed a negative correlation in GBM patients compared to normal patients. Majority of CD8+ lymphocytes from patient brain had lost CD28+ expression compared to blood.  
Conclusion and Potential Impact: The increased senescent T cell population in GBM suggests that the TME has a mechanism for cytotoxic T cell immunosuppression. Preventing CD8+ T cell senescence in GBM can improve current immunotherapies by promoting activation of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.
Investigating the role of COQ8B in aortic smooth muscle cells.
Authors: Stadler Henry , Ware Stephanie , Landis Benjamin
Published: January 2019

Background and Hypothesis: 
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is an aortopathy characterized by aortic enlargement and life-threatening complications such as aortic dissection and sudden cardiac death. Previous studies identified COQ8B as a candidate genetic modifier of TAA severity. COQ8B is important for mitochondrial biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, but its precise functions are not defined. We hypothesize that alteration of COQ8B influences TAA pathogenesis via energy and oxidant metabolism pathways. 
Experimental Design: 
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were cultured directly from leftover healthy aortic tissues acquired during cardiac transplant operations. At confluence of 50-70%, cells were transfected with siRNA targeting COQ8B or a non-targeting negative control siRNA. Gene expression was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).  Production of the reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was measured using the fluorescence-based Amplex Red Hydrogen Peroxide Assay (Invitrogen) in basal growth medium.  
Results: 
Expression of COQ8B decreased by approximately 75% to 85% at 48 hours following siRNA transfection compared with negative control.  This was associated with approximately 1.5 fold upregulation of the SMC contractile gene CNN1 (p<0.05).  Knockdown of COQ8B did not appear to alter H2O2 production measured at timepoints of 48 or 72 hours.  
Conclusion and Impact: 
Based on these preliminary data, decreased COQ8B expression appears to alter the contractile phenotype of SMCs but may not significantly influence extracellular levels of H2O2 under basal conditions.  Exogenous activation of pathways important for TAA pathogenesis may be required to elucidate the role of COQ8B. Ultimately, this work may lead to improved clinical approaches.
Determining if Double Gene Knockdown of P65 and PDK2 Increases Cytotoxicity and Radiation Sensitivity of Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Tenbarge Madison , Townsend Devyn , Erdwin Ryan , Chin-Sinex Helen , Mendonca Marc
Published: January 2019

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is currently the 4th leading cause of cancer death in the US because of late detection and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. This tumor resistance is partially due to high activity of the transcription factor, NF-[Symbol]B which promotes cell survival and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (PDK2) which regulates aerobic glycolysis (Warburg Metabolism), cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis. We have shown that simultaneous treatment with the chemical NF-B inhibitor DMAPT and the Warburg inhibitor DCA is cytotoxic and enhances radiation-induced cell death in human PDA cells.   
Experimental Design: We hypothesize that double gene knockdown of the P65 subunit of NF-[Symbol]B and PDK2 by siRNA will lead to increased cytotoxicity and radiation sensitivity. The PDA cell line (Mia PaCa-2) was utilized and was transfected with appropriate siRNAs. The cells were plated and followed by irradiation with either 0, 2, 4, or 6 Gy of 160 kVp X-rays.  
Results: Analysis of Western blots shows the successful silencing of P65, but the knockdown of PDK2 are pending. The differences in plating efficiency were not found to be statistically significant between the treatment groups. The differences in survival fraction were not found to be statistically significant at 2, 4, or 6 Gy, but there is a trend for enhancement at 6 Gy. 
Conclusion: Preliminary data indicate there was no increase in cytotoxicity or radiation-induced cell killing after treatment with SiP65, SiPDK2, or both. However, to date we have no evidence that siPDK2 is working and further experiments are underway.
Glomus tympanicum type III- with delayed postoperative facial palsy: our experience
Authors: Anadappa Manjunatha H. , Janarthanan Sridurga , Babu Nidhin Suresh
Published: January 2019

Glomus tympanicum is a very rare, benign, locally invasive and slow growing vascular tumor of the middle ear. It is a second most common tumor of the temporal bone and most common benign neoplasm of the middle ear. It originates from the glomus bodies, found over promontory. In this case report, we discuss about a 47 years old female, diagnosed with type III glomus tympanicum, and operated through a transmastoid approach for tumor resection. The patient had a delayed onset of LMN facial palsy post operatively, which recovered completely after conservative management.
Effectiveness of Quinn's Early Educational Program on Attention and Memory of Preschool Children in Isfahan
Authors: Abadeh Sayehnaz Saniei , Abedi Ahmad
Published: January 2019

Background: Early intervention at preschool age can resolve many cognitive and metacognitive problems of children. Accordingly the present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Quinn's early educational program, on attention and memory of pre-school children in Isfahan city.
Methods: The study design was Randomized controlled trial. The study population included parents of all pre-school children in Isfahan city during school year 2016 - 2017. Thirty persons were selected through convenience sampling and then randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The research tool that was used in this study is Conner’s Neuropsychological Testing 2004. First, the pretest was conducted for both groups; then the experimental group was exposed to eight 90-minute sessions of Quinn's early educational program; but there was no interference for the control group. At the end of the intervention, the posttest was conducted for both groups. The data of the study was analyzed through covariance analysis test.
Results: The findings showed that Quinn's early educational program has impacts on the attention and memory of pre-school children (P-value < 0.0005). The average of children's memory and attention were 18.7 ± 7.12 and 11.73 ± 5.68 in order to 11.45 ± 11.4 and 4.93 ± 2.45, respectively.
Conclusion: Given the impact of Quinn's program on the memory and attention of pre-school children, this training can be used to improve the attention and memory of preschool children.
 
Keywords: Quinn's Early Educational Program, Attention, Memory, Preschool
Availability and Affordability of Medicines for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases in Pharmacies in Six Regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Imaeva A. E. , Balanova Yu. A. , Kontsevaya A. V. , Kapustina A. V. , Duplyakov D. V. , Malysheva O. H. , Osipova I. V. , Petrichko T. A. , Kropanin G. I. , Kasimov R. A. , Leon D. A. , McKee M.
Published: January 2019

Aim. To evaluate the availability and affordability of medicines used to treat of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in several regions of the Russian Federation with different climatic, geographic, economic and demographic characteristics. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 6 regional capitals, chosen to differ in geographically, economically, and demographically. In each city, 5 pharmacies providing free medicines to certain categories of citizens (beneficiaries) and 5 private pharmacies serving anyone were selected at random. Medicine availability was assessed in all pharmacies, along with price only in the private pharmacies. Data were obtained for both original drug and appropriate generics. A list of 25 of the most frequently prescribed medicines for cardiovascular diseases was compiled. Results. Some general findings emerged. With the existence of a generic drug, the original drug was not available in the pharmacy supplying beneficiaries. Diuretics, as well as some ACE inhibitors, are not available in a number of pharmacies for beneficiaries. Enalapril in most licensed pharmacies is represented by generics, lisinopril in a number of cities is represented by both the original drug and generics. The presence of sartans was much lower than ACE inhibitors. Bisoprolol was most common beta-blocker. Calcium antagonists: if amlodipine was present in all licensed pharmacies, at list as generic, then nifedipine was not available in many licensed pharmacies. Among antiplatelet agents, aspirin was available in most pharmacies, and clopidogrel was mostly represented by generics. As for statins, only simvastatin could be found in almost all pharmacies. When analyzing the cost of drugs in licensed pharmacies, it was found that drugs containing furosemide are the cheapest among generics – about 17 rubles. The most expensive treatment with generics of rosuvastatin – about 4,374 rubles a month. The most expensive original medicine was also rosuvastatin – about 4,500 rubles for 30 tablets, the cheapest – the original drug of furosemide – about 35 rubles. On average, the cost of CVD treatment with major classes of drugs, including ACE inhibitor, beta-blocker, antiplatelet drug and statin, is 1,921.9 rubles per month. Conclusion. The basic cardiovascular medicines were characterized by a relatively high availability in 6 regions of the Russian Federation included in the analysis both by the criterion of the availability of drugs and by the criterion of the minimum price.
Clinical characteristics, risk factors, prognosis and immune status of secondary infection of sepsis: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Chen Yao , Hu Yanyan , Zhang Jin , Shen Yue , Huang Junling , Yin Jun , Wang Ping , Fan Ying , Wang Jianli , Lu Su , Yang Yilin , Yan Lei , Li Keyong , Du Shilin , Tong Chaoyang , Song Zhenju
Published: January 2019

Background: Secondary infection in hospital was found to have a higher incidence in septic patients and affect clinical outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, risk factors, prognosis and immune status of secondary infection of sepsis.
Methods: A four-year retrospective study was carried out in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, enrolling septic patients admitted between 2014 January and 2018 January. Data were acquired from medical records. The flow cytometry was performed to measure the CD14+ monocyte human leukocyte antigen-D related (HLA-DR) expression. Serum cytokines levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Results: A total of 297 septic patients were enrolled, 92 of whom developed 150 cases of secondary infections. Respiratory tract was the most common site of secondary infection (n = 84, 56%) and Acinetobacter baumanii the most commonly isolated pathogen (n = 38, 32%). Urinary and deep venous catheterization increased the risk of developing secondary infection. Lower HLA-DR expression and elevated IL-10 level were found in secondary infection group. The expected prolonged in-hospital length of stay owing to secondary infection was 4.63 days. Secondary infection was also associated with higher in-hospital, 30-day and 90-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Log-rank test revealed secondary infection group had a worse survival between day 15 and day 90.
Conclusions: Urinary and deep venous catheter indwelling increased the risk of developing secondary infection. Secondary infection influenced outcomes of septic patients and prolonged in-hospital length of stay. Immunosuppression led to a higher tendency to developing secondary infection.
Keywords: Sepsis, Secondary infection, Immunosuppression, HLA-DR, Cytokine
ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERIALISM AND CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION: VALIDATION IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Pearly Saira Chacko  , Sanjeev Prashar  , Hareesh N. Ramanathan
Published: January 2019

With urbanisation and increase in per capita income, there has been an astonishing rise in material-oriented tendencies in the Indian population. This study aims to examine the significance of material-centric behaviour of women in today’s growing consumer societies. Using structural equation modelling, the paper proposes a model depicting the relationship between materialism and conspicuous consumption among Indian women consumers. Though all the three factors, namely success, centrality, and happiness, contribute to materialism that has a positive influence on conspicuous consumption, the unique finding of the study is the prominence of centrality over the other two predictors among Indian female shoppers.
Where are the Shipwrecks of the Zuiderzee? A new version of the Shipwreck Database Flevoland (3.0), based on spatial and archaeohistorical research into wreck sites in the province of Flevoland
Authors: Popta Y.T. Van , Holk A.F.L. Van
Published: January 2019

For several decades, maritime archaeologists, state authorities and maritime-archaeological companies have worked with an outdated and inaccurate dataset (with regard to position and presence) concerning shipwrecks in part of the Zuiderzee region. The information about these wrecks was scattered over multiple databases (both analogue and digital), documenting different numbers of shipwrecks across Flevoland. In order to gain a clear and accurate overview of the shipwrecks that were discovered in the former Zuiderzee, the Shipwreck Database Flevoland (SDF) was compiled. The third version of this database is presented in this article and is mainly aimed at documenting the present condition of shipwreck sites (wrecks in situ, removed or unknown) and the accuracy of the coordinates that mark the location of the shipwreck (exact, approximate or unknown). The excavation documentation of the shipwrecks was used for retrieving accurate descriptions of wreck sites, although in most cases these descriptions referred to drainage ditches and other local topography that since have been removed or altered. Historical aerial photographs, LiDAR data and satellite images were used for tracing the course of lost but relevant drainage ditches and the exact locations of shipwrecks. Multiple wreck sites were discovered in the aerial photographs, in the form of crop- and soil-marks revealing either wrecks or former excavation trenches. These visible wreck sites correspond perfectly to the locations mentioned in the research reports and prove the accuracy and feasibility of the used methodology. The new version of the SDF therefore provides more accurate distribution and density maps of wreck sites in the province of Flevoland, which is of importance for spatial maritime archaeological research. Furthermore, the newinformation on the accuracy and presence/absence of shipwrecks can be used in archaeological heritage management. Only shipwrecks that are still present in the former seabed, and whose recorded location is reasonably accurate, can be effectively protected.
Designing and Testing a Treatment Adherence Model Based on the Roy Adaptation Model in Patients With Heart Failure: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shariatpanahi Shabnam , Ashghali Farahani Mansoureh , Rafii Forough , Rassouli Maryam , Kavousi Amir
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Adherence to treatment is an important factor to decrease repeated and costly hospitalization owing to heart failure (HF). The explanation and prediction of medication adherence and other lifestyle recommendations in chronic diseases, including HF, are complex. Theories lead to a better understanding of complex situations as well as the process of changing behavior and explain the reasons for the existence of a problem.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to report a protocol for a mixed methods study setting out to investigate the empirical validity of the Roy Adaptation Model as a conceptual framework for explaining and predicting adherence to treatment in patients with HF in Iran.

METHODS

This mixed methods study consists of an exploratory sequential design to be conducted in 2 phases. The first phase involves identifying the factors associated with treatment adherence in patients with HF through content analysis of the literature and elucidating the perception of participants in the context of Iranian health care where the model of adherence to treatment is designed based on the Roy Adaptation Model. The second phase addresses the interrelationships among variables in the model through a descriptive study using structural equation modeling. Finally, following the summarization and separate interpretation of the qualitative findings and quantitative results, a decision is made about the extent to and ways in which the results of the quantitative stage can be generalized or tested for the qualitative findings.

RESULTS

Content analysis of the literature in part 1 of the first phase was completed in 2017. Collection and analysis of qualitative data in part 2 of the first phase will be completed soon. The results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2019. Then, the second phase—the quantitative study—will be conducted.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this study will provide valuable information about the empirical validity of the Roy Adaptation Model as a conceptual framework for explaining and predicting adherence to treatment in patients with HF, which, to date, have received little attention. The results can be used as a guide for nursing practice and care provision to patients with HF and also to design and implement effective interventions to improve treatment adherence in these patients.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR

DERR1-10.2196/13317
Applying GIS in Analysing Black Spot Areas in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Wan Hussin Wan Muhammad Taufiq , Masron Tarmiji , Nordin Mohd Norarshad
Published: January 2019

This study aims to analyze fatal accident rate involving all vehicle types in the North East District of Penang. It covers fatal accident data within the duration of three years from 2011 till 2013. The primary objective is to analyze the spatial pattern and fatal accident black spot areas using Geographic Information System (GIS) application. Average Nearest Neighbor (ANN) tool is used to analyze fatal accident spatial pattern, while Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method is utilized for fatal accident analysis. The Fatal Accident rates in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were the highest with each accounted up to 90, 88 and 91 cases. The result of ANN shows that the fatal accident pattern for 2011, 2012 and 2013 is clustered with null hypothesis rejected. The KDE analysis result shows that most fatal accident black spot areas happened at main road areas or segments.
VACCINE-INDUCED DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Chandrasekar, Keerthana , Tsundue Tenzin , S Ponnusankar
Published: January 2019

Vaccines are weakened or dead microbes injected for the development of an acquired immunity as a preventive measure, also including the use of microbial proteins. The spectrum of adverse events following vaccination has been increasing as well with increasing number of reports detailing the events following immunization. The rate of morbidity and mortality of many communicable diseases has significantly decreased with time with relieve to the quality of life as well as the overall pharma economic cost. In this case report vaccine-induced developmental delay was observed in a child of 16 months of age. The child was born with low birth weight despite which the child was administered with hepatitis B vaccine, poliomyelitis vaccine, and bacillus Calmette-Guerin within 24 h of birth. Consecutive clinical outcomes followed throughout the years, which induced a developmental delay in this child. This case clearly signifies the need for more evidence-based implementation for the management of various diseases at secondary care hospitals.
TRATAMENTO DE ESGOTO DOMÉSTICO A PARTIR DO SISTEMA LEITO DE RAÍZES: EXPERIÊNCIA EM UMA PEQUENA COMUNIDADE RURAL DO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO.
Authors: Dias Fabrício Oliveira , Santos Jémison Mattos dos , Jesus Suilian Sampaio de
Published: January 2019

O presente artigo aborda de forma sucinta a necessidade do manejo racional dos recursos hídricos e manejo ecológico da água no Semiárido Brasileiro, a partir da experiência de uma atividade extensionista na Escola Família Agrícola de Colônia, Itaetê-BA (EFACI), com o objetivo principal de realizar a instalação e operação de uma unidade experimental de tratamento de efluentes domésticos, por meio da técnica leito de raízes. Nesta etapa da pesquisa procedeu-se metodologicamente a execução de oficinas de capacitação com enfoque no planejamento ambiental participativo, manejo da água e do solo, bem como o tratamento de águas servidas, trabalhos de campo, com intuito de apresentar/compartilhar conteúdos técnicos e proporcionar a integração destes conhecimentos científicos com os saberes tradicionais da comunidade.
Image analysis as a useful tool for fast detection of dimensional and structural changes of poly(ethylene terephthalate) containers
Authors: Jevremovic Nenad , Velickovic Sava , Kalagasidis-Krusic Melina , Panic Vesna , Volkov-Husovic Tatjana , Jancic-Heinemann Radmila , Popovic Ivanka
Published: January 2019

The aim of this paper is to present image analysis as a useful technique for
fast, reliable and non-destructive detection of dimensional and structural
changes in polymers. The possibility of applying image analysis was
demonstrated in the case of solvent-induced crystallization of poly(ethylene
terephthalate) (PET) containers filled with commonly used organic solvents:
chlorobenzene, isophorone, xylene, Espesol, Shellsol A 100, Solvesso 150,
propylene glycol, glycerin and water and subjected to the storage stability
test at 54 ?C for 14 days (CIPAC 1-MT 46.1.3). In addition, the obtained
results were analyzed using one-step analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined
with the Duncan?s statistical test (p<0.05). According to the achieved
results, three main impacts of the presented paper could be distinguished: 1)
dimensional and transparency changes could be precisely followed by image
analysis in both following cases: for small changes in water, as well as for
significant ones in chlorobenzene; 2) a correlation between the changes in
the degree of crystallinity and transparency could be obtained without the
continuous material testing by DSC; 3) image analysis is potentially
applicable for assessment of other crystalline polymers.
Fa'aliyyah Isti'mal al-Wasail al-Sam'iyyah wa al-Mar'iyyah li Tanmiyah Maharah al-Istima' fi Ta'lim al-Lugah al-'Arabiyyah bi al-Madrasah al-Tsanawiyah as-'Adiyah Pengkendekan bi Al-Fashl al-Tsamin fi Luwu al-Syimaliyah
Authors: Said Rukman AR
Published: January 2019

AbstrakDalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian eksperimen. Peneliti ini menggunakan desain penelitian pre- experiment. Pre experiment digunakan One Group Pretest-Posttest Design dengan skema sebagai berikut : tes awal (Pretest) menggunakan media audio visual tes akhir (Posttes ).Setelah analisis data pada tes siswa, menunjukkan tcount (to) dengan nilai (103,6) lebih tinggi dari ttable(tt) = 2,76 pada taraf signifikan 1% dan 2,05 pada taraf signifikasi 5%. Karena hasil to statistik = 103,6 lebih besar dari tingkat hasil 5% = 2,05 begitu juga pada taraf 1% = 2,76. Oleh karena thitung > ttabel, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Artinya bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar Bahasa Arab siswa sebelum menggunakan media audio visual dengan hasil belajar Bahasa Arab siswa setelah menggunakan media audio visual. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media audio dalam meningkatkan keterampilan menyimak bahasa Arab siswa di MTs As-Adiyah Pengkendekan kelas VIII di Luwu Utara.Kata Kunci: penggunaan media audio visual, keterampilan menyimak.
The Problem of Policy Coordination in a Newly Decentralised Government: A Study of Policy Implementation in the Province of Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Zainuri Luqman H.
Published: January 2019

The aim of this article is to describe inter government relations resulted from disorganized political change from Autocratic political system to the Democratic one. This purpose is described through a challenge against Governor’s moratorium policy in 2010 made by three Heads of Districts within the province of Bali over the issuance of principle of building permit of new hotels and tourist accomodations. The method by which this research is conducted is exploratory. The research found that the problems of coordination in the policy emanate from a radical change in politics and government from centralised to decentralised government and termination of President Soeharto from the office. The un-coordinated political transition at the national level being faced by Indonesia has brought about serious problems on coordination of inter government institutions of the local governments. In effect, to the large extent, the performance of local governments -as it has been the case in the province of Bali-is contra productive in fulfilling societal needs of public services as well as local-economic development.
Influence of L1 Metacognitive Reading Strategies on L2 Academic Reading of Chinese College Students
Authors: Xin Yuan , Ismail Fauziah Bt , Aziz@Ahmad Azian Bt Abd
Published: January 2019

With the fast increasing number of second language (L2) learners in universities, the ability to read L2 academic texts has become one of the most important skills that L2 college students need to acquire. However, L2 learners still face various problems and difficulties in their L2 reading and past literature suggests that reading strategies have proven to be effective in enhancing L2 reading. Therefore, it is of great significance to examine the factors influencing L2 reading strategies use. Among factors influencing L2 reading strategy use, L1 reading strategies have been identified as a significant influence. However, few studies in this regard have looked into college students in mainland China which has a large number of L2 learners. This study aimed to seek the connection between first language (L1) and L2 metacognitive reading strategies by comparing and contrasting mainland China college students’ metacognitive strategy patterns in their L1 and L2 academic reading. The study also explored factors influencing Chinese college students’ L2 reading strategy use. The study conducted a survey on reading strategies (SORS), think aloud protocol (TAP) and stimulated recall interviews (SRI) to explore the research issues. The study found that Chinese college students employed strategies on a more frequent basis in their L2 academic reading as compared to their L1 academic reading. Two factors, namely, limited L2 proficiency (LLP) and test-oriented reading approach (TORA) were identified as the major factors influencing the L2 metacognitive strategy patterns of Chinese college students. The present study adds to the existing knowledge on the relationship between L1 and L2 reading strategy patterns for Chinese college students and examines factors shaping their L2 reading strategy use. This study assists English language teachers to identify factors influencing Chinese college students’ reading strategies patterns while taking into consideration of the factors influencing their L2 strategy use.
A Peptoid with Extended Shape in Water
Authors: Morimoto Jumpei , Fukuda Yasuhiro , Watanabe Takumu , Kuroda Daisuke , Tsumoto Kouhei , Sando Shinsuke
Published: January 2019

“Peptoids” was proposed, over decades ago, as a term describing analogs of peptides that exhibit better physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties than peptides. Oligo-(N-substituted glycines) (oligo-NSG) was previously proposed as a peptoid due to its high proteolytic resistance and membrane permeability. However, oligo-NSG is conformationally flexible and is difficult to achieve a defined shape in water. This conformational flexibility is severely limiting biological application of oligo-NSG. Here, we propose oligo-(N-substituted alanines) (oligo-NSA) as a new peptoid that forms a defined shape in water. A synthetic method established in this study enabled the first isolation and conformational study of optically pure oligo-NSA. Computational simulations, crystallographic studies and spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the well-defined extended shape of oligo-NSA realized by backbone steric effects. The new class of peptoid achieves the constrained conformation without any assistance of N-substituents and serves as an ideal scaffold for displaying functional groups in well-defined three-dimensional space, which leads to effective biomolecular recognition.
Benedetto cotrugli on double entry Bookkeeping
Authors: Sangster Alan , Rossi Franco
Published: January 2019

: (Benedetto Cotrugli sulla contabilità in Partita Doppia) In 1458, a former internationalmerchant, Benedetto Cotrugli, wrote a 200-page manual on how to be a successful merchant: Librode Larte dela Mercatura (Book of the Art of Trade). It included a 5-page chapter on double entrybookkeeping, something never previously preserved in written form. The earliest known copy ofthis book dates from 1475. This paper provides an overview of the book and of Cotrugli; and itpresents new English and Italian translations of Cotrugli’s chapter on double entry bookkeeping.These differ from previous translations in that they are based solely on the earliest copy ofCotrugli’s book from 1475. The English translation is also the first to have been prepared by anaccountant enabling the description of entries in account books to be in the form Cotrugli intended.This is the first of two contributions made by this paper. The second is that it identifies Cotrugli’schapter as a first stage in the training of a bookkeeper, where a broad introduction to the subject islaid down as a foundation for further study or practical experience.
Aboriginal Rights and Canadian Sovereignty: An Essay on R. v. Sparrow
Authors: Asch Michael , Macklem Patrick
Published: January 2019

The authors articulate the basic elements of two competing theories of aboriginal right. The first, a contingent rights approach, requires state action for the existence of aboriginal rights. This approach dominated early judicial pronouncements on the nature of aboriginal rights. The second, an inherent rights approach, views aboriginal rights as inherent in the nature of aboriginality. This approach came to be embraced by the judiciary in cases addressing the nature of aboriginal legal interests prior to the passage of the Constitution Act, 1982. The authors then assess the Supreme Court of Canada's decision in R. v. Sparrow in light of these two competing theories. In Sparrow, the Court addressed the meaning of s. 35(1) of the Constitution Act, 1982 and, despite other laudable aspects of the judgment, relied on a contingent theory of aboriginal right and an unquestioned acceptance of Canadian sovereignty. The authors offer two alternative approaches to s. 35(1) based on the overarching value of equality of peoples. As a result, the Court severely curtailed the possibility that s. 35(1) includes an aboriginal right to sovereignty and rendered fragile s. 35(1)'s embrace of a constitutional right to self-government.
La etnografí­a frente a los desafí­os actuales de las ciencias sociales
Authors: Biskupovic Consuelo , Brinck Pinsent Guillermo
Published: January 2019

En el marco de un encuentro pluridisciplinar sobre etnografí­a realizado en 2017 en la Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano3, UAHC, emergió una pregunta que resulta fundamental rescatar para abrir este dossier. Por simple que parezca, el cuestionamiento trataba sobre qué nos reúne hoy en dí­a, qué nos hace convivir, compartir recursos y vivir en común. Nos preguntamos qué respuestas es posible aportar desde las ciencias sociales y cómo producir esas respuestas.
The Bosnia Vilayet through the lens of photographer Petr Pyatnitsky
Authors: Melchakova Ksenia V.
Published: January 2019

The article focuses on the history of creation of the first album of photographs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which was compiled by the Russian photographer and traveler Petr Pyatnitsky in 1867. The material was supplemented by a list of photographs of «Photographic collection of church antiquities and types of Slavs of European Turkey. Herzegovina and Bosnia in 1867» with original captions by Pyatnitsky.
Leadership, Performance, and Reputation: A multi-method empirical view on the public and nonprofit sectors - Habilitation Synopsis
Authors: Willems Jurgen
Published: January 2019

This article is the synopsis to my cumulative Habilitation dissertation in the field of Management (Submitted and defended at the Faculty of business, economic and social sciences of the University of Hamburg; Department of Social Economics). This Habilitation dissertation combines eleven published articles for which the overall content relates to three interrelated concepts: leadership, performance, and reputation. Therefore, in this synopsis, I shortly introduce these concepts, and I clarify the academic contributions made by this Habilitation for these three concepts. Moreover, I explain how the public and nonprofit sectors form the unique setting to study these three management concepts. Studying these concepts in the nonprofit and public context has at least two major advantages.
KESETARAAN BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA INGGRIS SEBAGAI PENGHELA ILMU PENGETAHUAN DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Wisnu Asprilla
Published: January 2019

: Abstract: The writing of this article aims to find out the existence of Indonesian and English as a science defender in the era of globalization. Globalization is an era of changes in time due to the influence of foreign cultures and globalization affecting all aspects of life, including language. In this era of globalization, Indonesian and English share a role as an advocate of science because Indonesian is the language of the mother whose position in Indonesia cannot be replaced other than that, Indonesian is a unifying language between one region and another in Indonesia, while English is language of immigrants in Indonesia. Therefore, Indonesian must be able to maintain the integrity of the Indonesian language so that it does not become extinct in the current era of globalism and Indonesian must develop vocabulary or anything related to Indonesian so that the existence of Indonesian and English can share the role of science advocate in globalization era.Keywords: Indonesian, English, Globalization Era.
Voicing the market: Extending the ambition of contract theory
Authors: Kreitner Roy
Published: January 2019

Contract is a central trope in the organization of modern society. For too long, contract theory has avoided presenting a justification of contract that is ambitious enough to account for this centrality. Happily, this situation is changing, as private law theory is in the midst of refiguring the relationship among contracts, markets, and morality. Recently, a number of unrelated works have advanced both explanatory and justificatory arguments that draw tight connections among the three. Despite divergent starting points and theoretical predilections, the theories converge in characterizing the way that markets value everything in their orbit: impersonally, diffusely, and abstractly. They posit a common vision of the market in which value emerges without coordination, without discussion, and without agreement as to its meaning, motive, or cause. This article analyses these theoretical innovations, offers a brief critique, and then develops a more ambitious alternative. It suggests that contracting in markets can be a site of reasoned discussion about what the market should achieve rather than exclusively a single-minded means to maximize returns. Markets are at times an opportunity to recruit others to our projects, not only because they are financially profitable but also because they are normatively attractive. And that recruiting is a form of politicizing markets by exercising voice without invoking the need for public command. The market itself can be a site of collaborative ventures that accentuate self-government rather than bracketing value.
Technology acceptance model of student ability and tendency classification system
Authors: Dwi Jaelani Mardian , Prasetya Wibawa Aji , Pujianto Utomo
Published: January 2019

Skill and competency test (SCT) is part of the Government's intervention in ensuring the quality of education in the Vocational High School (SMK) education unit. The teacher prepares vocational students to face SCT, especially vocational students of class XII. However, the obstacles often encountered by teachers in recommending students to choose competency that are in accordance with students' abilities.  Ability Classification System and Student Ability Trends by applying the Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) algorithm, it can be used as a solution to assist teachers in classifying student abilities and the tendency of students' abilities to be used to select skills competencies during SCT. This study aims to examine the use of the technology acceptance model (TAM) implementation of the classification system. As a result, the average user has felt the usefulness and ease of use of the system. Each TAM variable has a significant effect.
TOGAF for designing the enterprise architecture of LAZISMU
Authors: Fahana Jefree , Azhari Ahmad
Published: January 2019

LAZISMU as an amil zakat institution has an important role in collecting and managing zakat for public welfare. The existence of Law No. 23 of 2011 and the Minister of Religion Regulation No. 333 of 2015 on Guidelines for Granting Permits for the Establishment of Zakat Institutions requires that the management of zakat, infaq, and sadaq (ZIS) funds be transparent, accountable and prioritize professional principles. For this reason, there needs to be support from information systems and information technology to achieve these business goals. Information systems and technology will be utilized optimally if the development is aligned with the business objectives of the organization. Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a bridge to harmonize the business needs of an organization with Information Systems and Information Technology. Enterprise architecture planning at the LAZ has been designed using The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) with Architecture Development Method (ADM). Data collection is done by interviewing and making direct observations of the organization. Analysis tools used are the Unified Modelling Language (UML) method and the Value Chain method. The results of this study are blue print business architecture, data architecture, application architecture so that it can support the business processes that exist in LAZISMU.
75 años de compromiso con la calidad: El modelo de servicio público televisivo de la BBC
Authors: Ojer Teresa
Published: January 2019

El 2 de noviembre de 2011 el servicio televisivo de la BBC cumplía 75 años. Durante este tiempo la BBC ha tenido que afrontar numerosos retos, que ha superado con éxito y que la han convertido en modelo de empresa pública de televisión. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este artículo consiste en analizar los elementos clave que dan razón de su prestigio internacional. En concreto, se explorarán los orígenes de la corporación, su estructura de gobierno, su sistema de financiación y la calidad de sus programas.
Análisis comparativo del comportamiento kinésico del presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, en función de la temática discursiva (curso político 2006-2007)
Authors: Hernández Herrarte María
Published: January 2019

La comunicación no verbal es una disciplina que, en los últimos años, ha adquirido una importancia estratégica en las actuaciones de los líderes políticos, especialmente cuando se enfrentan a las cámaras de televisión, un medio cuyo poder de persuasión sobre los posibles votantes es hoy en día indiscutible. El dirigente político sabe que, para convencer a la audiencia, tiene que desplegar una impecable técnica discursiva que ha de cimentar en una adecuada puesta en escena en la que el lenguaje no verbal (y especialmente gestual) va a ser crucial en la consecución del éxito y la eficacia comunicativa. Este artículo analiza el comportamiento kinésico del presidente del Gobierno, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, durante el curso político 2006-2007 estableciendo una comparativa relativa a la temática de su discurso. Para realizarlo se ha utilizado una herramienta y método de trabajo propios que se apoya en el vaciado de contenidos de las apariciones de este personaje en los informativos de TVE.
Estudios universitarios vs. Formación profesional en Comunicación: ¿una mejor integración laboral?
Authors: Vinader Segura Raquel , Abuín Vences Natalia , García García Alberto
Published: January 2019

La Universidad se enfrenta actualmente a la integración en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES), que busca armonizar las titulaciones superiores en la UE y, al mismo tiempo, integrar la formación práctica de todas las materias con el objetivo de preparar al alumno para el ejercicio profesional. El objetivo de esta investigación es ofrecer un análisis de la oferta formativa en el área de la Comunicación tanto en el ámbito universitario como de formación profesional, y realizar un estudio comparativo de la inserción laboral en ambos niveles de enseñanza para determinar si la especialización y la formación práctica tienen correlación en la integración laboral de nuestros estudiantes.
La influencia de la publicidad infantil de alimentos: antecedentes y estado de la cuestión
Authors: González Díaz Cristina , López Ramón Jesús Ángel
Published: January 2019

Actualmente estamos asistiendo a un incesante bombardeo de noticias que nos muestran el tipo de productos que la publicidad de alimentos, dirigida específicamente al target infantil, publicita: productos hipercalóricos, con altos niveles en azúcares y sal, etc; en definitiva, productos poco recomendables en la dieta del niño. Al mismo tiempo, no cesan de publicarse investigaciones académicas sobre el poder persuasivo y la capacidad de influencia que este tipo concreto de publicidad posee sobre el niño. Bajo este contexto, este artículo trata de abordar los estudios académicos más significativos que han investigado la posible relación entre la publicidad de alimentos dirigida a niños y la problemática de la obesidad, o más a grandes rasgos, la influencia que la publicidad específica de este sector puede tener en la ingesta de alimentos poco saludables.
El tratamiento audiovisual de los sucesos en la Web. Un caso de estudio sobre el tratamiento de las noticias de Marta del Castillo en Rtve.es y Telecinco.es
Authors: Herrero Curiel Eva
Published: January 2019

Internet ha generado grandes cambios en el entorno periodístico, pero géneros clásicos como el suceso siguen estando presentes en las agendas de los medios, sobre todo de las televisiones que han encontrado en la Red nuevas formas de exhibir sus contenidos. En esta investigación, y a través del caso de Marta del Castillo, se ha analizado el tratamiento audiovisual que dicha noticia recibió en las webs de Rtve.es y Telecinco.es con la finalidad de encontrar diferencias, o semejanzas, en función de la naturaleza pública o privada de estos medios. Partiendo de un análisis de contenido de las piezas audiovisuales durante al semana que más cobertura mediática recibió el caso, se han medido diferentes categorías que reflejan que Rtve.es aportó una visión más informativa que Telecinco.es cuya tendencia refleja un carácter más afectivo y sensacionalista.
Decolonising Dignity for Inclusive Democracy
Authors: Winter Christine J.
Published: January 2019

The idea of dignity is often taken to be a foundation for principles of justice and democracy. In the West it has numerous formulations and conceptualisations. Within the capabilities approach to justice theorists have expanded the concept of dignity to encompass animals and ecological communities. In this article I rework the idea of dignity to include the Māori philosophical concepts of mauri, tapu and mana – something I argue is necessary if the capabilities approach is to decolonise in the Aotearoa context. Furthermore, the article links the nation's recognition of three extensive geographical regions – Te Awa Tupua, Te Urewera and Mt Taranaki – as legal persons to Mā tauranga Mā ori and nonhuman dignity. In doing so, I identify the potential that this understanding of dignity and these legal moves have to decolonise democracy within the settler state.
A Cultural Account of Ecological Democracy
Authors: Hammond Marit
Published: January 2019

In the debate around ecological democracy, a pivotal point of contention has long been the question why democracy should actually be expected, as some claim, to deliver (more) ecological outcomes. This point is empirical as well as conceptual: it is difficult to conceive why voters would support any policies that – as is often (perceived to be) the case with environmental legislation – would leave them worse off; whilst democracy conceptually must remain open to all outcomes rather than being tied to any particular agenda ex ante. Yet both empirically and conceptually, the nature and extent of this key puzzle has always hinged on the particular definitions used. This paper reconsiders the link between democracy and ecological sustainability from a cultural angle: I argue that conceiving of both sustainability and democratisation as essentially cultural transformations resolves the puzzle and thus makes a renewed case for ecological democracy. Only as cultural processes – the creation of new meanings of sustainable prosperity in people's everyday lives, and a culturally rather than institutionally based form of democratisation – can these transformations be deep-seated rather than superficial, and thus self-perpetuating rather than merely enforced.
O PRINCÍPIO DA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA E A (IN) CONSTITUCIONALIDADE DO REGIME DISCIPLINAR DIFERENCIADO FRENTE ÀS GARANTIAS CONSTITUCIONAIS
Authors: Schlaucher Débora Guedes , Manganelli Diogo
Published: January 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os contornos da constitucionalidade do regime disciplinar diferenciado frente aos direitos e garantias fundamentais do ser humano trazidos pelo artigo 5º da Constituição Federal, bem como o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, elencado em seu artigo primeiro. A metodologia utilizada foi, principalmente, a documental, através de obras jurídicas, jurisprudências consolidadas dos nossos Tribunais Superiores, assim como dados estatísticos. Pode-se concluir do estudo em analise que a implementação do Regime Disciplinar Diferenciado, que surgiu para aliviar a insegurança pública e disciplinar de forma mais severa os detentos, viola, expressamente, o que nossa Carta Magna assegura no tocante à dignidade física, psíquica e moral dos indivíduos.