bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transfusion of hyperimmune plasma for protecting foals againstRhodococcus equipneumonia
Authors: Kahn Susanne K. , Cohen Noah D. , Bordin Angela I. , Coleman Michelle C. , Heird James C. , Welsh Thomas H.
Published: July 2022

The bacteriumRhodococcus equicauses pneumonia in foals that is prevalent at breeding farms worldwide. In the absence of an effective vaccine, transfusion of commercial plasma from donor horses hyperimmunised againstR. equiis used by many farms to reduce the incidence of pneumonia among foals at farms where the disease is endemic. The effectiveness of hyperimmune plasma for controllingR. equipneumonia in foals has varied considerably among reports. The purposes of this narrative review are: (1) to review early studies that provided a foundational basis for the practice of transfusion of hyperimmune plasma that is widespread in the United States and in many other countries; (2) to summarise current knowledge of hyperimmune plasma for preventingR. equipneumonia; (3) to provide an interpretive summary of probable explanations for the variable results among studies evaluating the effectiveness of transfusion of hyperimmune plasma for reducing the incidence ofR. equipneumonia; (4) to review mechanisms by which hyperimmune plasma might mediate protection; and (5) to consider risks of transfusing foals with hyperimmune plasma. Although the weight of evidence supports the practice of transfusing foals with hyperimmune plasma to preventR. equipneumonia, many important gaps in our knowledge of this topic remain including the volume/dose of hyperimmune plasma to be transfused, the timing(s) of transfusion, and the mechanism(s) by which hyperimmune plasma mediates protection. Transfusing foals with hyperimmune plasma is expensive, labour‐intensive, and carries risks for foals; therefore, alternative approaches for passive and active immunisation to preventR. equipneumonia are greatly needed.
Lessons from the Field. Development of a group intervention to promote need‐supportive sport parenting
Authors: Schemenauer Savannah , Chu Tsz Lun (Alan)
Published: July 2022

Objective

This Lesson from the Field describes the development of a need‐supportive parenting intervention aimed at enhancing motivation and preventing burnout in youth athletes.

Background

Self‐determination theory posits that basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness) are essential for optimal motivation and performance in any context. However, research has shown that parents, a critical social agent, may thwart rather than support their children's psychological needs in competitive contexts such as sport. The development and implementation of need‐supportive sport parenting interventions are warranted.

Method

We reviewed and analyzed the components, including the content, frequency, and duration, of need‐supportive sport coaching interventions and parenting interventions in other domains (e.g., education). Based on the analysis, we constructed our intervention with a workbook to educate parents on (a) reducing athlete pressure, (b) providing choices within limits, (c) focusing on individual improvement, and (d) enhancing parent–child communication. We used gymnastics examples to illustrate these strategies.

Conclusion

This article provides parent educators with a theoretically and empirically informed intervention to work with sport parents. The proposed benefits of the program may extend beyond athlete motivation and burnout prevention to better parent–child relationships and psychological need satisfaction of both the parent and the child.
Conflict analysis between commercial fisheries and common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the Dodecanese region, Greece
Authors: Janssen Sanne Eline , Le Coz Julie , Macrina Laura , Grandjean Tim , Miliou Anastasia
Published: July 2022

Increasing depletion of fish stocks in the Mediterranean Sea intensifies conflicts between fisheries and marine mammals, such as the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu, 1821). To increase the knowledge of such interactions in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, fishing activities of commercial fisheries and biomass of fish families targeted by fisheries and T. truncatus were analysed to identify areas that are more likely to be affected by these conflicts in the Dodecanese region of Greece. The area with the highest risk of conflict is located between Kos and Leros islands and the southwest coast of Turkey, which is mainly caused by trawl fishing activities. The presence of Sparidae, Merlucciidae, Mullidae and other unspecified fish families increased the likelihood of conflicts. Our applied method and results can be used to improve fishing regulations and management to diminish similar conflicts elsewhere in the world.
Understory plant removal counteracts tree thinning effect on soil respiration in a temperate forest
Authors: Zhao Bo , Ballantyne Ashley P. , Meng Shengwang , Zhao Guang , Zheng Zhoutao , Zhu Juntao , Cao Jing , Zhang Yangjian , Zhao Xiuhai
Published: July 2022

Elucidating the response mechanism of soil respiration (Rs) to silvicultural practices is pivotal to evaluating the effects of management practices on soil carbon cycling in planted forest ecosystems. However, as common management practices, how thinning, understory plant removal, and their interactions affect Rs and its autotrophic and heterotrophic components (Ra and Rh) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated Rs, Ra and Rh by the trenching method from 2011 to 2015 in a Pinus tabuliformis plantation in northern China, subjecting to four treatments (intact control plots [CK], thinning [T], understory removal [UR], and thinning with understory removal [TUR]). Mean annual Rs was significantly increased by thinning (by 15.3%), whereas decreased by UR (by 17.4%), compared with CK. These variations in Rs were mainly attributed to changes in Ra. The increments of Ra were caused by the enhanced growth of fine root biomass after thinning. However, UR led to lower Ra compared with CK (p < .05), indicating that understory growth is inadequate to compensate for the decreased respiring root biomass induced by understory removal. Rs was unchanged between TUR and the intact control plot due to the opposite effects of thinning and UR on the Ra. Changes in Rh exhibited no significant differences among the treatments, partly because of the stable microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and forest floor mass (litter and fine woody debris). No interaction effect between thinning and understory removal was detected on Rs, Ra, and Rh. The lowest temperature sensitivity (Q10) value of Ra was found in CK. This study highlights the necessity of incorporating understory plant effects on soil CO2 efflux in assessing forest management practices on soil carbon cycling.
Paroxysmal hemicrania in children and adolescents: A systematic review
Authors: Bemanalizadeh Maryam , Baghaei Oskouei Homayoun , Hadizadeh Alireza , Dakkali Mohammad Sedigh , Qahremani Reihane , Mansouri Vahid
Published: July 2022

Objective

We aimed to report the accessible demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics of reported pediatric paroxysmal hemicrania (PH).

Introduction

It has been a while since PH in a child was first described. However, it is still unknown whether children's PH follows the same patterns as adults.

Methods

This study followed the latest version of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses). PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched systematically without time limitation. We included all English‐language, peer‐reviewed articles, including observational or interventional studies reporting PH cases in children or adolescents based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) criteria. Data extracted included PH class; sex; age; age of onset; frequency, duration, site, severity, and quality of pains; triggers; and autonomic and migrainous symptoms, as well as a sense of restlessness/agitation, response to treatment, laboratory investigations, imaging, comorbidity, and family history. For quality assessment, two independent reviewers (MB and VM) assessed the methodological quality of the included studies through the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklist.

Results

A total of 182 records were identified and reduced to 116 after removing duplicates. After screening, 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. Overall, the studies represented 35 children or adolescents with PH. We found a boy‐to‐girl ratio of 1.125:1. Onset occurred at a broad range of 1 to 14 years old. The mean age of onset among reported cases in children and adolescents was 6.5 years, while the mean age of diagnosis was 8.2 years. [Correction added on 22 August 2022, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, 6.3 and 7.9 years were changed to 6.5 and 8.2 years, respectively.] The attacks' frequency and duration were greatly varied. Left‐sided pain occurred twice as often as right‐sided pain. The characteristics of the pain were usually severe in intensity. In nearly all of the cases, it was accompanied by ipsilateral cranial autonomic features. While most attacks were spontaneous, there were some common triggers. The physical examination, electroencephalogram, and brain magnetic resonance imaging had normal findings. Almost all patients benefited from indomethacin and showed complete responses to treatment, while some needed combination treatment of indomethacin with other medications.

Conclusion

Although pediatric‐onset PH has similar features to adult‐onset PH, there are some challenges with ICHD criteria for younger children that limit the ability to confidently assign a diagnosis. Moreover, owing to concomitant migrainous features, PH may be confused with migraine in children and adolescents.
Clinical characteristics of medication‐overuse headache according to the class of acute medication: A cross‐sectional multicenter study
Authors: Oh Sun‐Young , Kang Jin‐Ju , Park Hong‐Kyun , Cho Soo‐Jin , Hong Yuha , Moon Heui‐Soo , Lee Mi Ji , Song Tae‐Jin , Im Yong‐Jin , Son Won Jeong , Roh Yun Ho , Chu Min Kyung
Published: July 2022

Objective

To characterize the clinical features of patients with medication‐overuse headache (MOH) according to the class of acute medications being overused.

Background

MOH is a common global health problem, severely disabling the majority of the patients affected. Although various medications can cause MOH, whether clinical features differ according to the overused medication type remains unclear.

Methods

We analyzed data from a multicenter cross‐sectional study in neurology clinics in Korea from April 2020 to June 2021.

Results

Among 229 eligible patients, MOH was documented in patients who overused multiple drug classes (69/229, 30.1%; most frequent occurrence), triptans (50/229, 21.8%), non‐opioid analgesics (48/229, 21.0%), and combination‐analgesics (40/229, 17.4%). Patients who overused multiple drug classes reported more frequent use of acute medications (median [25th–75th percentiles]: 25.0 [15.0–30.0] vs. 17.5 [10.0–25.5] days/month, p = 0.029) and fewer crystal‐clear days (0.0 [0.0–9.5] vs. 9.0 [0.0–10.0] days/month, p = 0.048) than those who overused triptans. Patients who overused multiple drug classes also reported shorter intervals from chronic daily headache to the onset of MOH than patients who overused combination‐analgesics (0.6 [0.2–1.9] vs. 2.4 [0.7–5.4] years, p = 0.001) or non‐opioid analgesics (1.5 [0.6–4.3] years, p = 0.004). Patients who overused multiple drug classes reported more emergency room visits (1.0 [0.0–1.0] visits/year) than those who overused combination‐analgesics (0.0 [0.0–1.0], p = 0.024) or non‐opioid analgesics (0.0 [0.0–1.0], p = 0.030). Patients who overused triptans reported fewer headache days (21.0 [20.0–30.0] vs. 30.0 [20.5–30.0] days/month, p = 0.008) and fewer severe headache days (7.0 [4.0–10.0] vs. 10.0 [5.0–15.0] days/month, p = 0.017) than those who overused non‐opioid analgesics.

Conclusions

Some clinical characteristics of MOH significantly differed according to the class of overused medications. The findings from this study may contribute to the understanding of the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of MOH.
Oral changes in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Sobecka‐Frankiewicz Magdalena , Rudnicka Joanna , Iwanicka‐Grzegorek Ewa , Mielczarek Agnieszka
Published: July 2022

Psoriasis is one of the most frequent skin diseases. The cause of psoriasis is not fully expained as there are many factors (infectious, traumatic, hormonal, and chemical) that may play a role in the manifestation of its symptoms. One of the factors that may contribute to the appearance of psoriatic lesions may be the lesions in the oral cavity. The occurrence of lesions in the oral cavity is defined as rare, what can be explained by their nonspecific clinical image, and also by the possibility of being overlooked. Most characteristic symptoms of psoriasis occurring in the oral cavity are the geographic tongue and fissured tongue. It is also believed that there is a correlation between psoriasis and oral health‐ the periodontal and teeth condition as well as changes in saliva secretion. The psoriasis arthritis changes can also affect temporomandibular joint and impair the function of stomatognathic system. Because of these reports, cooperation of dermatologists and dentists in psoriasis care seems to be necessary.
Effects of water, guar gum, potassium chloride, and drying methods on quality and rehydration time of instant fermented rice noodles
Authors: Yoora Sarailak , Songsermpong Sirichai
Published: July 2022

Quick rehydration is the most important characteristic of instant noodles. This study investigated the effects of ingredients on the production and drying methods, the quality, and the rehydration time of instant fermented rice noodles. The dried fermented rice flour was mixed with different amounts of water (80%, 85%, and 90%), guar gum (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%), and potassium chloride (1%, 2%, and 3%). The noodles were dried in a microwave vacuum oven and compared with drying in a hot air oven and a microwave continuous oven. The optimum contents of water, guar gum, and potassium chloride were 80%, 1.5%, and 2%, respectively, because water at 80% resulted in the shortest rehydration time and the highest firmness, guar gum at 1.5% could increase firmness and the water absorption ability to produce the highest cooking yield and firmness with the lowest cooking loss, and potassium chloride at 2% resulted in the shortest rehydration time. Microwave vacuum drying produced the fastest rehydration in hot water for 2 min and the quality of these rehydrated noodles was better than for the other tested drying methods. Microwave vacuum drying generated rapid heat that promoted flash evaporation of the vapour in the noodles, resulting in a porous structure.
Effect of chilling rate on heat shock proteins abundance, myofibrils degradation and caspase‐3 activity in postmortem muscles
Authors: Huang Caiyan , Ijaz Muawuz , Chen Li , Xiang Can , Liang Ce , Li Xin , Blecker Christophe , Wang Zhenyu , Zhang Dequan
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chilling rate on heat shock proteins (HSP) abundance, myofibrillar proteins degradation and caspase‐3 activity of lamb muscle in postmortem. Eighteen longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles from lamb were treated under three different chilling rates—very fast chilling I (VFC‐I, 22.2 °C h−1), very fast chilling II (VFC‐II, 32.4 °C h−1) and control (1.44 °C h−1)—and stored at −1 °C, −1 °C and 4 °C for 120 h postmortem, respectively. The results showed that myofibril fragmentation index (MFI), the abundance of αβ‐crystallin and HSP20, as well as the degradation of HSP27, HSP70, troponin‐T and desmin under the VFC‐I and VFC‐II groups were higher than control. Notably, HSP90 abundance may not be affected by the chilling rate in the late postmortem aging. Additionally, with increasing of chilling rate for postmortem muscle could inhibit caspase‐3 activity. Overall, results indicated that chilling rate may affect the process of meat tenderization by changing the abundance levels of heat shock proteins, myofibrillar degradation and apoptotic pathway.
Putting the individual and context back into national human resource development research: A systematic review and research agenda
Authors: Garavan Thomas , Wang Jia , Nolan Ciara , Lai Yanqing , O'Brien Fergal , Darcy Colette , Matthews‐Smith Gerri , McLean Gary
Published: July 2022

Conceptualization of national human resource development (NHRD) emphasizes that it is an ongoing development process of the individual that is shaped by context. However, the extant literature has focused primarily on describing and evaluating NHRD policies and interventions in different countries with limited consideration of NHRD across the lifespan and the interaction of life stage with context. Using ecological systems theory (EST) and a lifespan development perspective (LDP), we present a systematic review of the NHRD literature based on 310 sources. We identify key themes and gaps in research across the lifespan and at distinct levels of the ecological system. We build on this review to suggest future research informed by both EST and an LDP. We propose a future research agenda focused on several key areas, including: the developing individual as the primary focus of NHRD; the dynamic relationship between NHRD microsystems and how this evolves over time; the exosystem and macrosystem, which provide the context of the NHRD development experience for the individual over their lifespan; and the imperatives of directing research attention to top‐down and bottom‐up influences within the ecological system. We also propose three methodological innovations to address many of the questions raised by our review, drawing on national archive databases, the use of historical methods and a focus on longitudinal data analysis. Finally, we highlight the practical implications of our analysis for ecosystem and microsystem NHRD actors.
Binding properties of odorant‐binding protein 4 from bean bug Riptortus pedestris to soybean volatiles
Authors: Zhu Xiu‐Yun , Li Jin‐Bu , Liu Jia , Dewer Youssef , Zhang Hui , Zhang Hui‐Ru , Zhang Dong , Zhang Xiao‐Ya , Wan Zhi‐Wei , Yin Mao‐Zhu , Li Xiao‐Ming , Zhang Ya‐Nan
Published: July 2022

The bean bug Riptortus pedestris is a notorious insect pest that can damage various crops, especially soybean, in East Asia. In insects, the olfactory system plays a crucial role in host finding and feeding behaviour in which the odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) are believed to be involved in initial step in this system. In this study, we produced the R. pedestris adult antennae‐expressed RpedOBP4 protein using a recombinant expression system in E. coli. Fluorescence competitive binding confirmed that RpedOBP4 has binding affinities to 7 of 20 soybean volatiles (ligands), and that a neutral condition is the best environment for it. The binding property of RpedOBP4 to these ligands was further revealed by integrating data from molecular docking, site‐directed mutagenesis and ligand binding assays. This demonstrated that five amino acid residues (I30, L33, Y47, I57 and Y121) are involved in the binding process of RpedOBP4 to corresponding ligands. These findings will not only help us to more thoroughly explore the olfactory mechanism of R. pedestris during feeding on soybean, but also lead to the identification of key candidate targets for developing environmental and efficient behaviour inhibitors to prevent population expansion of R. pedestris in the future.
Human breast milk‐derived exosomes through inhibiting AT II cell apoptosis to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia in rat lung
Authors: Zhou Yahui , Liu Yiwen , Xu Gen , Liu Lingjie , Li Huimin , Li Yubai , Yin Jing , Wang Xingyun , Yu Zhangbin
Published: July 2022

Human breast milk (HBM) effectively prevents and cures neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Exosomes are abundant in breast milk, but the function of HBM‐derived exosomes (HBM‐Exo) in BPD is still unclear. This study was to investigate the role and mechanism of HBM‐Exo in BPD. Overall lung tissue photography and H&E staining showed that HBM‐Exo improved the lung tissue structure collapse, alveolar structure disorder, alveolar septum width, alveolar number reduction and other injuries caused by high oxygen exposure. Immunohistochemical results showed that HBM‐Exo improved the inhibition of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis caused by hyperoxia. qPCR and Western blot results also showed that HBM‐Exo improved the expression of Type II alveolar epithelium (AT II) surface marker SPC. In vivo study, CCK8 and flow cytometry showed that HBM‐Exo improved the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of AT II cells induced by hyperoxia, qPCR and immunofluorescence also showed that HBM‐Exo improved the down‐regulation of SPC. Further RNA‐Seq results in AT II cells showed that a total of 88 genes were significantly different between the hyperoxia and HBM‐Exo with hyperoxia groups, including 24 up‐regulated genes and 64 down‐regulated genes. KEGG pathway analysis showed the enrichment of IL‐17 signalling pathway was the most significant. Further rescue experiments showed that HBM‐Exo improved AT II cell damage induced by hyperoxia through inhibiting downstream of IL‐17 signalling pathway (FADD), which may be an important mechanism of HBM‐Exo in the prevention and treatment of BPD. This study may provide new approach in the treatment of BPD.
Autogenous bone block versus collagenated xenogeneic bone block in the reconstruction of the atrophic alveolar ridge: A non‐inferiority randomized clinical trial
Authors: Romito Giuseppe Alexandre , Villar Cristina Cunha , Sapata Vitor Marques , Soares Herbert Horiuti , Fonseca Marcelo Augusto , Conde Marina , Hammerle Christoph Hans Franz , Schwarz Frank
Published: July 2022

Aim

To compare the efficacy of equine‐derived collagenated xenogeneic bone blocks (CXBB) and autogenous bone block (ABB) for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and two‐stage implant placement.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐four patients with tooth gaps up to four teeth and atrophic alveolar ridges with ≤4 mm were randomly assigned to lateral augmentation using CXBB or ABB. Lateral bone thickness (LBT) was measured 2 mm below the alveolar crest at augmentation surgery and 30 weeks later at implant placement. Implant‐related outcomes, adverse events, surgery duration, pain sensation, analgesic consumption, and oral health‐related quality of life were also assessed. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact, Mann–Whitney, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.

Results

At 30 weeks, the median change in LBT amounted to 2.90 (CXBB) and 3.00 (ABB), respectively. Secondary endpoints demonstrated similar results for CXBB and ABB in terms of possibility to place an implant, need to perform a secondary bone augmentation at implant placement and rate of complications. Early implant failure was 20% for CXBB and 10% for ABB, with no difference between the groups. Pain scores and post‐operative consumption of analgesics were significantly lower in the CXBB group than in the ABB group, especially during the first days post‐surgery.

Conclusions

CXBB is non‐inferior to ABB for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation and two‐stage implant placement.
Bilirubin as a new antioxidant in melasma
Authors: Rahimi Hoda , Mirnezami Mina , Yazdabadi Anousha
Published: July 2022

Background

Oxidative stress and its role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous diseases have been widely investigated. However, there are few studies that have solely assessed the contribution of intracellular antioxidants in the etiopathology of melasma. Furthermore, there are convincing reports about antioxidant properties of bilirubin (Bil) and uric acid (UA) in some skin disorders but not melasma.

Objective

This study aimed to determine serum levels of two major extracellular antioxidants (Bil and UA) levels in patients with melasma and their correlation with the severity and extent of the disease.

Methods

In this case‐control study, the serum levels of bilirubin and uric acid of 50 melasma patients were compared with 50 healthy controls. Moreover, the correlation of serum concentrations of these antioxidants with the extent and severity of the disease were assessed.

Results

The serum concentration of Bil was significantly higher in the case group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, serum Bil level had a positive correlation with the extent of the melasma (correlation coefficient, +0.3;p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the serum concentrations of UA between the study and control group. Neither Bil nor UA had a significant correlation with the severity of the disease.

Conclusion

Oxidative stress may play a major role in the etiopathology of melasma and bilirubin, as an antioxidant, could be involved in the process of oxidative stress.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of ketoprofen and flunixin at piglet castration andtail‐docking
Authors: Nixon Emma , Chittenden Jason T. , Baynes Ronald E. , Messenger Kristen M.
Published: July 2022

This study performed population‐pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pop‐PK/PD) modeling of ketoprofen and flunixin in piglets undergoing routine castration and tail‐docking, utilizing previously published data. Six‐day‐old male piglets (8/group) received either ketoprofen (3.0 mg/kg) or flunixin (2.2 mg/kg) intramuscularly. Two hours post‐dose, piglets were castrated and tail docked. Inhibitory indirect response models were developed utilizing plasma cortisol or interstitial fluid prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentration data. Plasma IC50 for ketoprofen utilizing PGE2 as a biomarker was 1.2 μg/ml, and ED50 for was 5.83 mg/kg. The ED50 calculated using cortisol was 4.36 mg/kg; however, the IC50 was high, at 2.56 μg/ml. A large degree of inter‐individual variability (124.08%) was also associated with the cortisol IC50 following ketoprofen administration. IC50 for flunixin utilizing cortisol as a biomarker was 0.06 μg/ml, and ED50 was 0.51 mg/kg. The results show that the currently marketed doses of ketoprofen (3.0 mg/kg) and flunixin (2.2 mg/kg) correspond to drug responses of 33.97% (ketoprofen‐PGE2), 40.75% (ketoprofen‐cortisol), and 81.05% (flunixin‐cortisol) of the maximal possible responses. Given this information, flunixin may be the best NSAID to use in mitigating castration and tail‐docking pain at the current label dose.
Cost of regulations on US catfish farms
Authors: Hegde Shraddha , Kumar Ganesh , Engle Carole , van Senten Jonathan
Published: July 2022

Understanding the economic effects of regulations on US aquaculture farms provides insights into which compliance costs create the greatest compliance burden on farms. This can further guide strategies to improve the efficiency of regulatory frameworks and potentially reduce on‐farm compliance costs while maintaining adequate oversight. This study estimated the regulatory compliance burden on US catfish farms as part of a national effort to quantify the cost of regulations on US aquaculture farms. Completed survey interviews of catfish farms in the major catfish‐producing states covered 63% of the total US catfish production area. Total regulatory costs of the US catfish industry were estimated at $45 million annually. Lost farm revenues (measured as the value of lost production, the value of markets lost from regulations, and the value of business opportunities lost because of regulations) were estimated to be $35 million per annum. Catfish‐producing states outside the Alabama/Arkansas/Mississippi region had the highest ($2856/ha) and Alabama the lowest ($1127/ha) regulatory costs per hectare among the surveyed states. The greatest regulatory cost burden on catfish farms ($18 million) was caused by environmental regulations related mostly to the management of federally protected piscivorous migratory birds, followed by labor regulations ($12 million), and taxes/insurance ($7 million). Regulatory costs ($/kg) were 2.6 times higher on smaller (<80 ha) farms relative to larger (>300 ha) farms. Attention is needed to identify alternative regulatory frameworks that provide the same degree of regulatory oversight but are more cost‐efficient.
Comparison of bacterial communities on the surface of concrete breakwater structures and ambient bacterioplankton
Authors: Li K. , Guan W. , He P. , Li K.J.
Published: July 2022

Breakwater structures made of concrete are used widely around the world, and the bacteria living on these surfaces can cause the concrete to deteriorate. In this study, we collected bacterial biofilms from concrete breakwater structures located along the coast of an island, a mainland coast, and a freshwater riverbank as well as planktonic water samples from each site, and we analysed their bacterial community structures using Illumina sequencing. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated planktonic samples, whereas Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the biofilm samples. High Cyanobacteria abundance was found in all biofilm samples. Bacterial communities significantly varied between planktonic and biofilm samples and between biofilm samples from seawater and freshwater. Only a small number of bacterial operational taxonomic units were shared by planktonic and biofilm samples from each sampling site. The permanganate index in ambient water had a more significant impact on biofilm bacterial communities than on planktonic samples. Additionally, ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen contents were positively correlated and salinity was negatively correlated with bacterial beta diversity in biofilm samples.
Factors influencing critical care nurses' family engagement practices: An international perspective
Authors: Price Ann M. , McAndrew Natalie S. , Thaqi Qendresa , Kirk Mary , Brysiewicz Petra , Eggenberger Sandra , Naef Rahel
Published: July 2022

Background

Family engagement positively impacts patient and family members' experiences of care and health outcomes. While partnering with families denotes best practice in intensive care units (ICUs), its full adoption requires improvement. A better understanding of the factors that influence the implementation of family engagement practices is necessary.

Aim

To investigate the factors that enable or hinder adult ICU nurse‐family engagement and to explore potential international variations.

Study Design

Descriptive, cross‐sectional survey. Nurses from 10 countries completed the ‘Questionnaire on Factors that Influence Family Engagement’ (QFIFE), including five open‐ended questions. We performed descriptive statistics on quantitative data and content analysis for open‐ended questions, and then integrated the findings according to influencing factors and geographical patterns. This was part of a larger qualitative study where 65 nurses participated from adult intensive care units.

Results

Sixty‐one nurses completed the questionnaire, making a response rate of 94%. Overall, patient acuity (Md = 5.0) and nurses' attitudes (Md = 4.6) seemed to be the most influential facilitator, followed by nurse workflow (Md = 4.0) and ICU environment (Md = 3.1) (score 1–6 most influential). The open‐ended question data showed a more nuanced picture of the complexity of family engagement in care around these four determinants. Adding a fifth determinant, namely Families are complex structures that respond uniquely to the ICU and patient, revealed that difficult family dynamics, miscommunication and family having difficulty in understanding the situation or health literacy, hindered family engagement. Exploring geographical variations, Africa/Middle East consistently differed from others on three of the four QFIFE subscales, showing lower median levels.

Conclusions

Some determinants are perceived to be more influential than others, becoming barriers or enablers to nurse‐family engagement in adult ICU. Research that investigates contextual determinants and which compares implementation and improvement initiatives tailored to address family engagement practices barriers and enablers are needed.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Knowledge of this international study expands our understanding of enablers and barriers in family engagement that may inform family engagement practice improvement efforts around the world.
The carboxy terminal transmembrane domain of SPL7 mediates interaction with RAN1 at the endoplasmic reticulum to regulate ethylene signalling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yang Yanzhi , Hao Chen , Du Jianmei , Xu Lei , Guo Zhonglong , Li Dong , Cai Huaqing , Guo Hongwei , Li Lei
Published: July 2022

In Arabidopsis, copper (Cu) transport to the ethylene receptor ETR1 mediated using RAN1, a Cu transporter located at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and Cu homeostasis mediated using SPL7, the key Cu‐responsive transcription factor, are two deeply conserved vital processes. However, whether and how the two processes interact to regulate plant development remain elusive.

We found that its C‐terminal transmembrane domain (TMD) anchors SPL7 to the ER, resulting in dual compartmentalisation of the transcription factor. Immunoprecipitation coupled mass spectrometry, yeast‐two‐hybrid assay, luciferase complementation imaging and subcellular co‐localisation analyses indicate that SPL7 interacts with RAN1 at the ER via the TMD.

Genetic analysis revealed that the ethylene‐induced triple response was significantly compromised in the spl7 mutant, a phenotype rescuable by RAN1 overexpression but not by SPL7 without the TMD. The genetic interaction was corroborated by molecular analysis showing that SPL7 modulates RAN1 abundance in a TMD‐dependent manner. Moreover, SPL7 is feedback regulated by ethylene signalling via EIN3, which binds the SPL7 promoter and represses its transcription.

These results demonstrate that ER‐anchored SPL7 constitutes a cellular mechanism to regulate RAN1 in ethylene signalling and lay the foundation for investigating how Cu homeostasis conditions ethylene sensitivity in the developmental context.
An Improved Multi‐Task Pointwise Network for Segmentation of Building Roofs in Airborne Laser Scanning Point Clouds
Authors: Zhang Chaoquan , Fan Hongchao
Published: July 2022

Roof plane segmentation is an essential step in the process of 3D building reconstruction from airborne laser scanning (ALS) point clouds. The existing approaches either rely on human intervention to select the appropriate input parameters for different data‐sets or they are not automatic and efficient. To tackle these issues, an improved multi‐task pointwise network is proposed to simultaneously segment instances (that is, individual roof planes) and semantics (that is, groups of roof planes with similar geometric shapes) in point clouds. PointNet++ is used as a backbone network to extract robust features in the first step. The features from semantics branch are then added to the instance branch to facilitate the learning of instance embeddings. After that, a feature fusion module is added to the semantics branch to acquire more discriminative features from the backbone network. To increase the accuracy of semantic predictions, fused semantic features of the points belonging to the same instance are aggregated together. Finally, a mean‐shift clustering algorithm is employed on instance embeddings to produce the instance predictions. Furthermore, a new roof data‐set (called RoofNTNU) is established by taking ALS point clouds as training data for automatic and more general segmentation. Experiments on the new roof data‐set show that the method achieves promising segmentation results: the mean precision (mPrec) of 96.2% for the instance segmentation task and mean accuracy (mAcc) of 94.4% for the semantic segmentation task.
Why disregarding hypocritical blame is appropriate
Authors: Statman Daniel
Published: July 2022

The topic of standing to blame has recently received a lot of attention. Until now, however, it has focused mainly on the blamer's perspective, investigating what it means to say of blamers that they lose standing to blame and why it is that they lose this standing under specified conditions. The present paper focuses on the perspective of the blamees and tries to explain why they are allowed to disregard standingless, more specifically hypocritical, blame. According to the solution proposed by the paper, while hypocritical blamers present themselves as caring about justice or about the moral or material good of the blamees—and they themselves half‐believe this presentation—their real motivation in blaming is less respectable. It is this problematic motivation that explains why blamees are permitted to disregard hypocritical blame. Ill‐motivated blame is often unreliable, and readiness to even consider it often involves a compromise on the self‐respect of the blamees.
Traveling and Standing Flexural Waves in the Micro-Beam Based on the Fraction-Order Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory
Authors: Xu Yuqian , Wei Peijun , Huang Yishuang
Published: July 2022

The traveling and standing flexural waves in the microbeam are studied based on the fraction-order nonlocal strain gradient elasticity in the present paper. First, the Hamilton’s variational principle is used to derive the governing equations and the boundary conditions with consideration of both the nonlocal effects and the strain gradient effects. The fraction-order derivative instead of the integer-order derivative is introduced to make the constitutive model more flexible while the integer-order constitutive model can be recovered as a special case. Then, the Euler–Bernoulli beam and the Timoshenko beam are both considered, and the corresponding formulations are derived. Two problems are investigated: (1) the dispersion of traveling flexural waves and the attenuation of the standing waves in the infinite beam and (2) the natural frequency of finite beam. The numerical examples are provided, and the effects of the nonlocal and the strain gradient effects are discussed. The influences of the fraction-order parameters on the wave motion and vibration behavior are mainly studied. It is found that the strain gradient effects and the nonlocal effect have opposite influences on the wave motion and vibration behavior. The fraction order also has evident influence on the wave motion and vibration behavior and thus can refine the prediction of the model.
Satellite Vibration Isolation Using Periodic Acoustic Black Hole Structures With Ultrawide Bandgap
Authors: Lyu Xiaofei , Sheng Hui , He Mengxin , Ding Qian , Tang Lihua , Yang Tianzhi
Published: July 2022

A lightweight whole-spacecraft vibration isolation system with broadband vibration attenuation capability is of great significance to the protection of satellites during the launch phase. The emergence of metamaterials/phononic crystals provides new ideas for the design of such isolation systems. This letter reports a new type of satellite isolation system to isolate shock and vibrations in an ultrawide frequency range. The labyrinth design of this system integrates acoustic black holes (ABHs) as microstructures, which leads to a significant impedance mismatch and enhances the bandgap effect. The ultrawide vibration and shock attenuation ability of the proposed design is confirmed through band structure and transmission analyses as well as the hammer and falling tests, showing the potential for vast isolation applications.
Hematopoietic loss of Y chromosome leads to cardiac fibrosis and heart failure mortality
Authors: Sano Soichi , Horitani Keita , Ogawa Hayato , Halvardson Jonatan , Chavkin Nicholas W. , Wang Ying , Sano Miho , Mattisson Jonas , Hata Atsushi , Danielsson Marcus , Miura-Yura Emiri , Zaghlool Ammar , Evans Megan A. , Fall Tove , De Hoyos Henry N. , Sundström Johan , Yura Yoshimitsu , Kour Anupreet , Arai Yohei , Thel Mark C. , Arai Yuka , Mychaleckyj Josyf C. , Hirschi Karen K. , Forsberg Lars A. , Walsh Kenneth
Published: July 2022

Hematopoietic mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) is associated with increased risk of mortality and age-related diseases in men, but the causal and mechanistic relationships have yet to be established. Here, we show that male mice reconstituted with bone marrow cells lacking the Y chromosome display increased mortality and age-related profibrotic pathologies including reduced cardiac function. Cardiac macrophages lacking the Y chromosome exhibited polarization toward a more fibrotic phenotype, and treatment with a transforming growth factor β1–neutralizing antibody ameliorated cardiac dysfunction in mLOY mice. A prospective study revealed that mLOY in blood is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and heart failure–associated mortality. Together, these results indicate that hematopoietic mLOY causally contributes to fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, and mortality in men.
Neurogliaform cells dynamically decouple neuronal synchrony between brain areas
Authors: Sakalar Ece , Klausberger Thomas , Lasztóczi Bálint
Published: July 2022

Effective communication across brain areas requires distributed neuronal networks to dynamically synchronize or decouple their ongoing activity. GABA
ergic
interneurons lock ensembles to network oscillations, but there remain questions regarding how synchrony is actively disengaged to allow for new communication partners. We recorded the activity of identified interneurons in the CA1 hippocampus of awake mice. Neurogliaform cells (NGFCs)—which provide GABA
ergic
inhibition to distal dendrites of pyramidal cells—strongly coupled their firing to those gamma oscillations synchronizing local networks with cortical inputs. Rather than strengthening such synchrony, action potentials of NGFCs decoupled pyramidal cell activity from cortical gamma oscillations but did not reduce their firing nor affect local oscillations. Thus, NGFCs regulate information transfer by temporarily disengaging the synchrony without decreasing the activity of communicating networks.
Greening the pharmacy
Authors: Orive Gorka , Lertxundi Unax , Brodin Tomas , Manning Peter
Published: July 2022

New measures and research are needed to limit the ecological impact of pharmaceuticals
Meropenem Population Pharmacokinetics and Simulations in Plasma, Cerebrospinal Fluid, and Brain Tissue
Authors: Alshaer Mohammad H. , Barlow Brooke , Maranchick Nicole , Moser Miriam , Gramss Leon , Burgmann Heinz , Jalali Valentin Al , Wölfl-Duchek Michael , Jäger Walter , Poschner Stefan , Plöchl Walter , Reinprecht Andrea , Rössler Karl , Gruber Andreas , Zeitlinger Markus , Peloquin Charles A. , Hosmann Arthur
Published: July 2022

Meropenem is a broad spectrum carbapenem used for the treatment of cerebral infections. There is a need for data describing meropenem pharmacokinetics (PK) in the brain tissue to optimize therapy in these infections.
Lipid A Variants Activate Human TLR4 and the Noncanonical Inflammasome Differently and Require the Core Oligosaccharide for Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Alexander-Floyd Jasmine , Bass Antonia R. , Harberts Erin M. , Grubaugh Daniel , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Brodsky Igor E. , Ernst Robert K. , Shin Sunny
Published: July 2022

Detection of Gram-negative bacterial lipid A by the extracellular sensor, myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), or the intracellular inflammasome sensors, CASP4 and CASP5, induces robust inflammatory responses. The chemical structure of lipid A, specifically its phosphorylation and acylation state, varies across and within bacterial species, potentially allowing pathogens to evade or suppress host immunity.
Predicting Permissive Mutations That Improve the Fitness of A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses Bearing the H275Y Neuraminidase Substitution
Authors: Farrukee Rubaiyea , Gunalan Vithiagaran , Maurer-Stroh Sebastian , Reading Patrick C. , Hurt Aeron C.
Published: July 2022

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is the most widely used antiviral for the treatment of influenza infections. Therefore, resistance to oseltamivir is a public health concern.
Proteomic Identification of Potential Target Proteins of Cathepsin W for Its Development as a Drug Target for Influenza
Authors: Günther Sira C. , Martínez-Romero Carles , Sempere Borau Milagros , Pham Christine T. N. , García-Sastre Adolfo , Stertz Silke
Published: July 2022

Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens and pose a constant threat to human health. Although antiviral drugs are available for influenza, the emergence and spread of drug-resistant viruses is cause for concern.
Norovirus GII.3[P12] Outbreak Associated with the Drinking Water Supply in a Rural Area in Galicia, Spain, 2021
Authors: Jacqueline Camille , del Valle Arrojo Manuel , Bellver Moreira Paloma , Rodríguez Feijóo Maria Asunción , Cabrerizo Maria , Fernandez-Garcia Maria Dolores
Published: July 2022

Noroviruses are likely to be underrecognized in most suspected waterborne outbreaks. Therefore, effective norovirus detection and the early recognition of water as a possible source of infection are important to reduce morbidity as appropriate steps are taken to control the source.
Multistate Markov model application for blood pressure transition among the Chinese elderly population: a quantitative longitudinal study
Authors: Zheng Xujuan , Xiong Juan , Zhang Yiqin , Xu Liping , Zhou Lina , Zhao Bin , Wang Yuxin
Published: July 2022

Objective

To explore the transitions of different blood pressure states based on a multistate Markov model among the Chinese elderly population.

Setting

A community health centre in Xiamen, China.

Participants

1833 elderly Chinese people.

Methods

A multistate Markov model was built based on 5001 blood pressure measurements from 2015 to 2020. Research was conducted to explore the process of hypertension progression, providing information on the transition probability, HR and the mean sojourn time in three blood pressure states, namely normal state, elevated state and hypertensive state.

Results

Probabilities of moving from the normal state to the hypertensive state in the first year were 16.97% (female) and 21.73% (male); they increased dramatically to 47.31% (female) and 51.70% (male) within a 3-year follow-up period. The sojourn time in the normal state was 1.5±0.08 years. Elderly women in the normal state had a 16.97%, 33.30% and 47.31% chance of progressing to hypertension within 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. The corresponding probabilities for elderly men were 21.73%, 38.56% and 51.70%, respectively. For elderly women starting in the elevated state, the probabilities of developing hypertension were 25.07%, 43.03% and 56.32% in the next 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively; while the corresponding changes for elderly men were 20.96%, 37.65% and 50.86%. Increasing age, body mass index (BMI) and glucose were associated with the probability of developing hypertension from the normal state or elevated state.

Conclusions

Preventive actions against progression to hypertension should be conducted at an early stage. More awareness should be paid to elderly women with elevated state and elderly men with normal state. Increasing age, BMI and glucose were critical risk factors for developing hypertension. The derived transition probabilities and sojourn time can serve as a significant reference for making targeted interventions for hypertension progression among the Chinese elderly population.