bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Osimertinib tolerance in a patient with Stevens Johnson syndrome during osimertinib therapy after treatment with pembrolizumab
Authors: Lopez Michael , Hagopian Garo , Doan Linda , Lee Benjamin J. , Rojek Nathan W. , Smith Janellen , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Demirdag Yesim Yilmaz , Nagasaka Misako
Published: October 2023

Background

Osimertinib has emerged as an important tool in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with certain activating mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). However, Osimertinib may cause adverse effects, including severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). The risk of certain adverse effects may be increased in the setting of recent use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, although it is unclear whether recent use of ICI therapy is a risk factor for Osimertinib-induced SJS specifically.

Case presentation

We present a patient with EGFR L858R mutation-positive metastatic NSCLC who developed Osimertinib-induced SJS after recent administration of eight cycles of a pembrolizumab-containing chemotherapy regimen. Osimertinib, which was the best treatment targeting his lung cancer, was avoided due to history of SJS. Four years later, because of unresponsiveness or side effects of alternative treatments, he underwent Osimertinib challenge and tolerated it.

Conclusion

This case highlights the importance of multi-disciplinary care and supports the hypothesis that the risk of SJS to Osimertinib is significantly higher in the context of recent administration of ICI therapy and, patients may tolerate Osimertinib after certain time has elapsed after the last dose of ICI.
Durable effects of deep brain ultrasonic neuromodulation on major depression: a case report
Authors: Riis Thomas S. , Feldman Daniel A. , Vonesh Lily C. , Brown Jefferson R. , Solzbacher Daniela , Kubanek Jan , Mickey Brian J.
Published: October 2023

Background

Severe forms of depression have been linked to hyperactivity of the subcallosal cingulate cortex. The ability to stimulate the subcallosal cingulate cortex or associated circuits noninvasively and directly would maximize the number of patients who could receive treatment. To this end, we have developed an ultrasound-based device for effective noninvasive modulation of deep brain circuits. Here we describe an application of this tool to an individual with treatment-resistant depression.

Case presentation

A 30-year-old Caucasian woman with severe treatment-resistant non-psychotic depression was recruited into a clinical study approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Utah. The patient had a history of electroconvulsive therapy with full remission but without sustained benefit. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to coregister the ultrasound device to the subject’s brain anatomy and to evaluate neural responses to stimulation. Brief, 30-millisecond pulses of low-intensity ultrasound delivered into the subcallosal cingulate cortex target every 4 seconds caused a robust decrease in functional magnetic resonance imaging blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity within the target. Following repeated stimulation of three anterior cingulate targets, the patient’s depressive symptoms resolved within 24 hours of the stimulation. The patient remained in remission for at least 44 days afterwards.

Conclusions

This case illustrates the potential for ultrasonic neuromodulation to precisely engage deep neural circuits and to trigger a durable therapeutic reset of those circuits.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05301036. Registered 29 March 2022, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05301036
Effects and mechanisms of Tai Chi on mild cognitive impairment and early-stage dementia: a scoping review
Authors: Jasim Nibras , Balakirishnan Darsiha , Zhang Han , Steiner-Lim Genevieve Z. , Karamacoska Diana , Yang Guo-Yan
Published: October 2023

Background

Dementia is associated with cognitive and functional decline that significantly impacts quality of life. There is currently no cure for dementia, thus, it is important to manage dementia in the early stages and delay deterioration. Previous studies have documented a range of health benefits of Tai Chi in people with early-stage dementia, however, none have systematically integrated these effects with their underlying mechanisms. The aims of this study were to (1) identify the neurocognitive, psychological, and physical health benefits of Tai Chi oi people with early-stage dementia, and (2) explore the underlying mechanisms of these effects.

Methods

We searched systematic reviews (SRs) and randomised control trials (RCTs) on Tai Chi for adults aged 50 years and older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or early-stage dementia in MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and major Chinese databases. No language or publication restrictions were applied. Risk of bias was assessed.

Results

Eight SRs with meta-analyses and 6 additional published RCTs revealed inconsistent findings of Tai Chi on improving global cognitive function, attention and executive function, memory and language, and perceptual-motor function. There was no significant between-group difference in depressive symptoms. The results from the RCTs showed that Tai Chi can reduce arthritis pain and slow the progress of dementia. No studies on MCI or early-stage dementia investigating the underlying mechanisms of Tai Chi were identified. Instead, nine mechanistic studies on healthy adults were included. These suggested that Tai Chi may improve memory and cognition via increased regional brain activity, large-scale network functional connectivity, and regional grey matter volume.

Conclusion

The effects of Tai Chi on neurocognitive outcomes in people with MCI and early-stage dementia are still inconclusive. Further high-quality clinical trials and mechanistic studies are needed to understand if and how Tai Chi may be applied as a successful intervention to delay deterioration and improve the quality of life in people with an increased risk of cognitive decline.
Evaluation of obesity prevention effect of black ginseng on serum, liver, and hypothalamus of mice on a high-fat diet using a metabolomics approach
Authors: Kim Ye Jin , Lee Dae Young , Yang Hye Rim , Im Kyung-Hoan , Park Sang Un , Kim Jae Geun , Kim Jae Kwang
Published: October 2023

Black ginseng is being studied to prevent obesity caused by a high-fat diet (HFD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the obesity-preventing effect of black ginseng extract (BGE) in the serum, liver, and hypothalamus of mice on an HFD using metabolomic techniques. Mice were divided into four groups which were respectively fed a normal diet (CTL), an HFD, an HFD with a low concentration of BGE (BGEL), and an HFD with a high concentration of BGE (BGEH) for 8 weeks. Metabolite profiling revealed a clear separation between the BGE diet and HFD groups. Lipid metabolism, including saturated fatty acids and cholesterol, was decreased in the BGEH mice. Specifically, neurotransmitters and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were increased in the hypothalamus of BGEH mice. The results suggest the obesity prevention effect of black ginseng in that BGEH inhibits body fat accumulation and restores brain function damaged by HFD.
HOMA-IR is positively correlated with biological age and advanced aging in the US adult population
Authors: Yang Haifang , Gong Rongpeng , Liu Moli , Deng Ying , Zheng Xiaoyu , Hu Tianyang
Published: October 2023

Background

Insulin resistance (IR) had been reported to be associated with age; however, few studies have explored the association between IR and biological age (BA). The HOMA-IR value is a useful indicator of the extent of IR. This cross-sectional study is to explore the relationship between HOMA-IR and BA/advanced aging in the US population.

Methods

This study is a cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. The survey comprised 12,266 people from the NHANES, and their full HOMA-IR data as well as BA data were extracted. Four multiple linear regressions were performed to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and BA, and four multiple logistic regression models were performed to analyze the association between HOMA-IR and advanced aging. In addition, trend tests and stratified analysis were performed and smoothed fitted curves were plotted to test the robustness of the results.

Results

HOMA-IR was positively correlated with BA [β: 0.51 (0.39, 0.63)], and it was the same to advanced aging [OR: 1.05 (1.02, 1.07)], and both showed a monotonically increasing trend. The trend tests showed that the results were stable (all P for trend < 0.0001). The smoothed fitted curves showed that there were non-linear relationships between HOMA-IR and BA/advanced aging. And the stratified analysis indicated that the relationship between HOMA-IR and BA/advanced aging remained robust in all subgroups.

Conclusion

The study suggested that HOMA-IR is positively correlated with BA and advanced aging in the US adult population, with a monotonic upward trend. This is a new finding to reveal the relationship between HOMA-IR and age from new standpoint of BA rather than chronological age (CA). And it may contribute to a better understanding of human health aging and may aid future research in this field.
The firstly visited department affects the acceptance of CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A cohort study
Authors: Wu Chung-Sheng , Chen David Hsin-Kuang , Ko Yuan-Chun , Bai Chyi-Huey , Chen Po-Yueh , Liu Wen-Te , Lin Yi-Chih
Published: October 2023

Background

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, the low acceptance rate of CPAP remains a challenging clinical issue. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the acceptance rate of CPAP.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the sleep center of Shuang-Ho Hospital. Initially, 1186 OSA patients who received CPAP therapy between December 2013 and December 2017 were selected, and finally, 1016 patients were analyzed. All patients with OSA received CPAP therapy for at least 1 week, and their acceptance to treatment was subsequently recorded. Outcome measures included patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics (sex, age, BMI, comorbidities, history of smoking, and the medical specialist who prescribed CPAP treatment), polysomnography (PSG) results, and OSA surgical records.

Results

Patients with a lower CPAP acceptance rate were referred from otolaryngologists (acceptance rate of otolaryngology vs. others: 49.6% vs. 56.6%, p = .015), in addition to having a lower apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) (acceptance vs. non-acceptance: 55.83 vs. 40.79, p = .003), rapid eye movement AHI (REM-AHI) (acceptance vs. non-acceptance: 51.21 vs. 44.92, p = .014), and arousal index (acceptance vs. non-acceptance: 36.80 vs. 28.75, p = .011). The multiple logistic regression model showed that patients referred from otolaryngology had a lower CPAP acceptance rate (odds ratio 0.707, p = .0216) even after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, AHI, REM-AHI, arousal index, comorbidities, and smoking status.

Conclusions

Before their initial consultation, patients may already have their preferred treatment of choice, which is strongly linked to the type of medical specialists they visit, and consequently, affects their rate of acceptance to CPAP therapy. Therefore, physicians should provide personalized care to patients by exploring and abiding by their preferred treatment choices.
Optimization of tannase production by Aspergillus glaucus in solid-state fermentation of black tea waste
Authors: Saad Moataza Mahmoud , Saad Abdelnaby Mahmoud , Hassan Helmy Mohamed , Ibrahim Eman I. , Abdelraof Mohamed , Ali Basant A.
Published: October 2023

Tannases are valuable industrial enzymes used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, leather manufacture and in environmental biotechnology. In this study, 15 fungal isolates were obtained from Egyptian cultivated soil and marine samples. The isolated fungi were qualitatively and quantitatively screened for their abilities to produce tannase. The selected fungal isolate NRC8 giving highest tannase activity was identified by molecular technique (18S rRNA) as Aspergillus glaucus. Among different tannin-containing wastes tested, the black tea waste was the best substrate for tannase production by Aspergillus glaucus in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Optimization of the different process parameters required for maximum enzyme production was carried out to design a suitable SSF process. Maximal tannase production was achieved with moisture content of 75%, an inoculums size of 6 × 108 spore/ml and sodium nitrate 0.2% (pH of 5.0) at 30 °C after 5 days of incubation. Box–Behnken experiment was designed to get a quadratic model for further optimization studies. Four-factor response-surface method with 27 runs was prepared using independent parameters including (moisture content %, initial pH, substrate concentration (g) and sodium nitrate concentration (g) for tannase model. The F- and P-values of the model were 4.30 and 0.002, respectively, which implied that the model is significant. In addition, the lack-of-fit was 1040.37 which indicates the same significance relative to the pure error. A. glaucus tannase was evaluated by the efficiency of conversion of tannic acid to gallic acid. Moreover, production of gallic acid from SSF process of A. glaucus using black tea waste was found to be 38.27 mg/ml. The best bioconversion efficiency was achieved at 40 °C with tannic acid concentration up to 200 g/L.

Graphical Abstract
Associations Between Leisure-Time Physical Activity Level and Peripheral Immune Cell Populations in the US General Population, Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data, 1999–2018
Authors: Lin Dan , Thompson Cheryl L. , Ba Djibril M. , Muscat Joshua E. , Zhou Shouhao , Rogers Connie J. , Sturgeon Kathleen M.
Published: October 2023

Background

Chronic levels of inflammation are associated with higher risk of many chronic diseases. Physical activity (PA) lowers the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes and others. One mechanism for PA-induced protection may be through the immune system. We investigated the association between leisure-time PA and peripheral immune cell populations in a large nationally representative sample of the US general population.

Methods

A total of 17,093 participants [mean (SE) age of 41.6 (0.3) years] of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2018 were included. Self-reported leisure-time PA was converted to metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET-hrs/wk). White blood cell (WBC) count, WBC ratios, and platelet count were derived. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to estimate associations between leisure-time PA level and peripheral immune cell populations. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between leisure-time PA and metrics of WBC count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) which may predict mortality.

Results

A higher leisure-time PA level was associated with a lower WBC count (> 14.0 vs. < 1.2 MET-hrs/wk adjusted mean (95% confidence interval [CI]): 7.12 (6.86, 7.38) vs. 7.38 (7.12, 7.64) 1000 cells/μL, Ptrend < 0.001) and a lower NLR (> 14.0 vs. < 1.2 MET-hrs/wk adjusted mean (95% CI) 2.04 (1.90, 2.18) vs. 2.13 (1.99, 2.28), Ptrend = 0.007). Leisure-time PA level was not associated with lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR; Ptrend = 0.25) or platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR; Ptrend = 0.69). Compared to the lowest leisure-time PA level (< 1.2 MET-hrs/wk), the highest leisure-time PA level (≥ 14.0 MET-hrs/wk) was associated with a lower probability of a high WBC count (> 8.1 × 109 cells/L; odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66–0.88) and high NLR (> 2.68; OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72–0.99), which may predict CVD and all-cause mortality. The highest leisure-time PA level also linked to a lower probability of a high WBC count (≥ 8.3 × 109 cells/L; OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.66–0.88), which may predict cancer mortality.

Conclusions

We observed an inverse association between leisure-time PA level, WBC count, and NLR, particularly for neutrophil levels. These results suggest that participants at higher levels of leisure-time PA may have lower levels of inflammation, which may be important for future chronic disease outcomes.
Ectopic Cervical Thymoma in a Patient Diagnosed With Graves Disease: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nemiroff Samuel , Chai Raymond , Fan Jun , Ramer-Bass Ilana
Published: October 2023

Thymomas are benign thymic epithelial neoplasms, rarely found outside the anterior mediastinum. Although hyperthyroid states have been associated with thymic hyperplasia, only 3 thymoma cases have been previously reported in patients with Graves disease (GD), all within the anterior mediastinum. Here, we report a case of ectopic cervical thymoma in a 22-year-old female patient previously treated for GD. The patient underwent ultrasonography, computed tomography, inconclusive fine-needle aspiration, and ultimately gross dissection for diagnostic workup and definitive treatment of an anterior neck mass, producing a 2.5 × 2.3 × 1.5-cm entity consistent with Masaoka stage I and type B2 thymoma per World Health Organization classification. The patient underwent an uncomplicated subsequent clinical course, with no adjuvant radiotherapy administered. After conducting a systematic literature review, we conclude that of the 109 cases of ectopic cervical thymoma reported, this is the first to describe a case of ectopic cervical thymoma in a patient with a past medical history of GD. For GD patients in stable euthyroid remission with the persistent or recurrent presence of an anterior neck mass, the extrathyroidal origin of the mass should always be considered, including the exceptional presence of a cervical ectopic thymoma.
Adipocyte Subpopulations Mediate Growth Hormone-induced Lipolysis and Glucose Tolerance in Male Mice
Authors: Huang Jun , Siyar Sohana , Sharma Rita , Herrig Isabella , Wise Lauren , Aidt Spencer , List Edward , Kopchick John J , Puri Vishwajeet , Lee Kevin Y
Published: October 2023

In adipose tissue, growth hormone (GH) stimulates lipolysis, leading to an increase in plasma free fatty acid levels and a reduction in insulin sensitivity. In our previous studies, we have found that GH increases lipolysis by reducing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transcription activity, leading to a reduction of tat-specific protein 27 (FSP27, also known as CIDEC) expression. In previous studies, our laboratory uncovered 3 developmentally distinct subpopulations of white adipocytes. In this manuscript, we show that one of the subpopulations, termed type 2 adipocytes, has increased GH-induced signaling and lipolysis compared to other adipocyte subtypes. To assess the physiological role of GH-mediated lipolysis mediated by this adipocyte subpopulation, we specifically expressed human FSP27 (hFSP27) transgene in type 2 adipocytes (type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice). Systemically, male type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice displayed reduced serum glycerol release and nonesterified fatty acids levels after acute GH treatment, and improvement in acute, but not chronic, GH-induced glucose intolerance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that type2Ad-hFSP27tg mice displayed improved hepatic insulin signaling. Taken together, these results indicate that this adipocyte subpopulation is a critical regulator of the GH-mediated lipolytic and metabolic response. Thus, further investigation of adipocyte subpopulations may provide novel treatment strategies to regulate GH-induced glucose intolerance in patients with growth and metabolic disorders.
Writing up research for publication
Authors: Ellis Peter
Published: October 2023

Writing for publication is a daunting task for many people, but it need not be. Writing up a piece of research for publication should be the pinnacle of the research process, the point at which the researcher gets to share their work with a wider audience.

This paper explains what needs to go into a research paper that is being prepared for publication. It offers a step-by-step guide to the process to help the novice and more experienced researcher structure their research paper. This paper covers writing up both quantitative and qualitative research and examples, where used, may be drawn from either or both paradigms. This paper does not cover what is needed to publish a review or opinion piece.
A new era in Newcastle
Authors: Brown Clementine Rees
Published: October 2023

Clementine Rees Brown reviews this year's BSPD conference and the discussions of a brighter sustainable future.
Who's who?
Authors: Sherlock Nicola
Published: October 2023

Nicola Sherlock introduces the key members of the The Society of British Dental Nurses.
Managing chronic pain in older adults
Authors: Palmer Sarah
Published: October 2023

Sarah Palmer looks at the issue of chronic pain in older adults, how to notice it and how to manage it.
Micro-disclosures for Macro-erasures: #MeToo in the Academy
Authors: Risam Roopika
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This essay explores how we might account for the influence of #MeToo in the academy and the extent to which we can understand the power of these utterances as a form of narrative agency expressed through digital life writing. Drawing on a blend of quantitative and qualitative analysis of #MeToo-related tweets about academia, the essay first examines how narrative agency over sexual harassment and violence in higher education is expressed through #MeToo. It further explores how the threat of retaliation and the troubling operationalization of Title IX by universities as an anti-survivor discourse produces macro-erasures of narrative agency. Finally, the essay proposes that #MeToo tweets about higher education are best understood as "micro-disclosures," a distinct form of life writing that facilitates the narrative agency denied by institutional systems and processes.
Title IX is the Master’s Tool: (Re)conceptualizing Gender and Race Equity in U.S. Education
Authors: Justin Tori , Foltz Katelyn E.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: In this conceptual article, we theorize Title IX as colorblind policy that functions as the master’s tool. Specifically, we contend that due to Title IX’s colorblind approach and its roots in white feminism, its ability to eliminate sex discrimination in education is ineffective. We begin our argument by discussing the origins of Title IX and its race-based limitations. We then offer a brief history of the relationship between whiteness, education, and Black learners, and conclude with a critique of the usefulness of policies like Title IX and question their ability to create meaningful change.
I Know Someone is Watching Me: Evaluating the Impact of Dating Violence and Stalking on College Campuses and Universities and the Hesitation of Informing the Title IX Office
Authors: Williams Candice R.
Published: October 2023

Abstract: We are currently living in a digital age where social media such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter, and TikTok have made it easier to target one’s partner. Between 6% and 39% of college students report being stalked since entering college (SPARC, 2017). When such intimidation occurs on campus, many students of color, particularly African American students have been hesitant to notify the Title IX Office. This research assessed students’ perceptions of and experiences with on-campus dating violence and stalking to better describe its prevalence. The study reports on a non-probability quantitative sample of 421 questionnaires, and a qualitative sample of fifteen one-on-one in-depth interviews. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) results yielded differences in students’ experiences with dating violence and stalking. More attention should be spent on dating violence, stalking, stalking laws, the Title IX process, available resources, and school policies. Additionally, prevention efforts such as assistance with academic housing accommodations, referrals to ensure the safety and security of the victim/survivor, and the implementation of a Campus Climate Survey should be considered. Such techniques will aid to create and evaluate effective strategies when addressing dating violence and stalking on their campuses.
The Editor’s Dilemma: Conrad’s Revisitings of His Works
Authors: Brodsky G.W. Stephen
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Except for his revisitings of printed text in his own hand, few emendations can be known for sure to have been with Conrad’s approval or even knowledge. The trouble is compounded by there being two Conrads: the Conrad who came from the sea and became a published author in 1895 in his late thirties, and the seasoned author at almost twice that age in his early sixties, full of honors, who wrote most of his prefaces for collected editions of his previously published books in about 1919 to 1921. Additionally, the many variants among editions of Conrad’s texts owe their existence to house-style interventions, typing errors, typesetters’ lapses, and unwarranted interference with syntax, lexicon, and semantics by publishers’ editors. Moreover, differences between a publisher’s copy editor and a bibliographic editor lead to diverse editions. While the former aims to correct a text, improve its style, make a better book, even, of the raw preprint matter or a previously published edition, the latter aims not for a better book, but an authoritative one, as close as possible to the author’s intention; the task is not aesthetic or grammatical but forensic. The purpose of this paper is to challenge the very notion of the possibility of an authoritatively definitive text.
Hume’s Passion-Based Account of Moral Responsibility
Authors: Okamura Taro
Published: October 2023

Abstract: Many scholars have claimed that the psychology of the indirect passions in the Treatise is meant to capture how we come to regard persons as morally responsible agents. My question is exactly how the indirect passions relate to responsibility. In elucidating Hume’s account of responsibility, scholars have often focused not on the passionate responses themselves, but on their structural features. In this paper, I argue that locating responsibility in the structural features is insufficient to make sense of Hume’s account of responsibility. I argue this on the grounds that without reference to the passions, Hume does not have the resources to distinguish between responsible and non-responsible entities. Instead, I attribute to Hume a distinctive, sympathy-based response-dependent conception of responsibility.
Trust, Legal Elites, and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Creamer Cosette D. , Godzimirska Zuzanna
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: This article interrogates institutional sources of trust distinct to the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Drawing from interviews with ECtHR officials and legal elites, the article identifies practices related to access, procedure, and performance that are central to direct stakeholders' evaluations of judicial trustworthiness. Elite trust is necessary for the continued operation of judicial bodies, and these stakeholders act as intermediaries with the potential to shape public perceptions. The article's findings have important implications for ECtHR's continued relevance, especially given the mounting resistance to it in recent years.
Seas of Displacement, Acts of Hope: Pericles ’ Twenty-First-Century Adaptations
Authors: Kello Robin Alfriend
Published: October 2023

abstract: Pericles (c. 1608–09), co-authored by George Wilkins and William Shakespeare, is a drama of radical displacement, which scatters its characters across perilous Mediterranean geographies and, in so doing, highlights an essential human vulnerability to physical and social harm. Its dramatic blend of oceanic precarity, family separation and community fracturing, and collective labor founded on hope against seemingly impossible odds has led artists in the twenty-first century to reimagine the play in terms of mobility, migration, and the displacement of human beings from early modern projects of empire and enslavement to the movement of refugees in the present. This article considers the relation between displacement and hope in the play and argues that the core ethic of the drama, conveyed through the character of Marina, is one of active hope, founded on work rather than faith. It then examines a series of recent responses to the play, including Adrian Jackson’s 2003 Cardboard Citizens adaptation, Ali Smith’s 2019 novel Spring , and Kent Gash’s 2021 staged reading for Red Bull Theater. In the relation between displacement and hope these works articulate, Pericles emerges as a resonant drama for an artistic practice in response to the political and ethical demands of the present .
"To Share How We Know ": Mourning and Meaning-Making in "Rewriting the Rape of Rachel"
Authors: Zhang SJ
Published: October 2023

Abstract: This Article Forum extends and amplifies the conversation begun by Sharon Block's innovative article in this issue, "Rewriting the Rape of Rachel: Historical Methods, Historical Justice." Block's article is the initial offering in the William and Mary Quarterly 's "Methods and Practices" section, and SJ Zhang, Christine DeLucia, Marisa J. Fuentes, Lara Putnam, and Martha Hodes engage with Block's work by reflecting on their own research and methods. Block provides a response for the Forum.
Two-step homogenization of spatiotemporal metasurfaces using an eigenmode-based approach
Authors: Garg Puneet , Lamprianidis Aristeidis , Rahman Sydur , Stefanou Nikos , Papanikolaou Nikos , Almpanis Evangelos , Verfürth Barbara , Rockstuhl Carsten
Published: October 2023

Metamaterials are a fascinating class of photonic materials since they allow us to control optical responses (largely) at will. Besides being an intellectual challenge, adding time variations into spatial metamaterials increases the degrees of freedom to tune their effective response, which motivates their exploration. However, to exploit such materials in the future design of functional devices, we may wish to treat them at the effective level to avoid considering all the mesoscopic details. To permit such effective treatment, we describe here an eigenmode-based approach to homogenize spatiotemporal metamaterials composed of a periodic arrangement of scatterers made from a time-varying material. Practically, we consider the periodic arrangement of spheres within one layer. In our two-step homogenization scheme, we first temporally homogenize that metasurface using the eigenmodes of the bulk time-varying material. Following this, we perform spatial homogenization by inverting the Fresnel coefficients of a slab made from a stationary material. These steps effectively describe the optical response of the spatiotemporal metasurface as a homogeneous slab. We validate our results by comparing the optical observables, i.e., reflectivity and transmissivity, of the metasurface with those of the homogenized slab, and we assess the limitations of the homogenization.
Estimating the Socio-Economic Status of the U.S. Capitol Insurrectionists
Authors: Komlos John
Published: October 2023

The income of those who attacked the U.S. Congress on January 6, 2021 and were subsequently arrested is estimated for the first time using the annual per-capita income in the neighborhood of their residence as a proxy measure. Contrary to common wisdom, we find that two groups were conspicuously underrepresented from this subset of the insurrectionists (N = 933): the utterly poor (whose estimated per- capita income was below $15 K), as well as those whose estimated annual per-capita income was above $50 K per annum. Fully 83.3 % of the arrestees resided in areas with a (five-year average) annual per capita income between $20 K and $50 K (in 2020 prices). This finding dovetails with the argument that the right-wing populist movement in the U.S. is driven largely by the struggling lower-middle class who have been left behind by the transition from an industrial to a knowledge economy. The public policy implications point to the amelioration of this distributional deficit.
Regional tectonic uplift indicated by geomorphological parameters in the Bahe River Basin, central China
Authors: Wang Yingguo , Zhang Haiou , Wu Xueying , Hu Yantao
Published: October 2023

Multiple uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since the late Cenozoic have generated large effects on the geomorphology and environment over Asia. However, how the basin responded to the uplifted Tibetan Plateau remains unknown. Here, we examined the digital geomorphology of the Bahe River basin, the greatest first-order tributary in the southern Weihe River basin. The geomorphogenesis of the watershed, the far-field effects, and the long-range consequences of the elevation from the Tibetan Plateau were thoroughly discussed. We found that there were five layers of terraces, which were mainly controlled by tectonic activity. The geomorphological characteristics suggested that Bahe basin was influenced by a severe tectonic activity prime, with intense river erosion. The Lishan-North Qinling Mountains uplift, facilitated by the horizontal expansion of the northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, was also responsible for the development of the Bahe River basin.
Investigation of mechanical and microstructure properties of metal inert gas based wire arc additive manufactured Inconel 600 superalloy
Authors: T. Mani Harish , Savarimuthu Jerome , Varma Sathwic R. , Muraleedharan Muraleekrishnan B. , Suni Nibin K. , Nandakumar Yadhukrishna
Published: October 2023

This work aims to fabricate the functionally graded Inconel 600 on stainless steel 304 block using the wire arc additive manufacturing process. The main goal of this study was to additively create a built block with Inconel 600 filler wire. Inconel 600 is a very interesting material because of its resistance to non-magnetic, corrosive media, stress corrosion cracking due to chlorine ions is non-existent, outstanding mechanical properties, good weldability and high strength under a variety of temperature conditions. Inconel 600 alloy was studied in this work utilizing metal inert gas based wire arc additive manufacturing. Torch travel speed 5 mm s−1 and current 140 A. The bottom, middle and top layers of the newly developed fabricated block were mechanically and metallurgically characterized. The microstructure and texture evolution were characterized by means of optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Mechanical characterization was done using the Vickers hardness test and tensile testing. Results reveal that the wire arc additively manufactured top portion has a crystalline structure showing better strength and hardness. The average hardness value was found to be 197.97 HV, the average ultimate tensile strength obtained was 616.22 MPa for the fabricated component.
Intelligent auditing techniques for enterprise finance
Authors: Peng Chen , Tian Guixian
Published: October 2023

With the need of social and economic development, the audit method is also continuously reformed and improved. Traditional audit methods have defects of comprehensively considering various risk factors, and cannot meet the needs of enterprise financial work. To improve the effectiveness of audit work and meet the financial needs of enterprises, a solution for intelligent auditing of enterprise finance is proposed, including intelligent analysis of accounting vouchers and of audit reports. Then, Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) neural network is used to classify the audit problems under three text feature extraction methods. The test results show that the accuracy, recall rate, and F1 value of the COWORDS-IOM algorithm in the aggregate clustering of accounting vouchers are 85.12, 83.28, and 84.85%, respectively, which are better than the self-organizing map algorithm before the improvement. The accuracy rate, recall rate, and F1 value of Word2vec TF-IDF LDA-BiLSTM model for intelligent analysis of audit reports are 87.43, 87.88, and 87.66%, respectively. This shows that the proposed method has good performance in accounting voucher clustering and intelligent analysis of audit reports, which can provide guidance for the development of enterprise financial intelligence software to a certain extent.
Advances in triple tube heat exchangers regarding heat transfer characteristics of single and two-phase flows in comparison to double tube heat exchangers part 1
Authors: Akgul Dogan , Mercan Hatice , Acikgoz Ozgen , Dalkilic Ahmet Selim
Published: October 2023

Triple concentric-tube heat exchangers are used widely in refrigeration, drying, energy storage, chemical systems, and the food industry. To handle excessive temperature differences, the heat transfer area, as an option, the heat exchanger’s length, is necessary to be increased. Triple tubes have a significant advantage in this regard in comparison to double ones. The target of this review is to discuss the most recent publications, including the single-phase flows in these heat exchangers, focusing on the heat transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics, and to classify them with various contemporary aspects. The operating conditions, enhanced surfaces, and sizes, as well as the geometrical parameters, are categorized as being part of experimental, numerical, and analytical research. The studies indicate that the heat transfer characteristics of triple concentric-tube heat exchangers are better than those of double tube heat exchangers. In single-phase studies, the convective and overall heat transfer coefficients, Nusselt number, heat transfer rate, and effectiveness are greater in triple heat exchangers than in double heat exchangers, and the heat exchanger length required to achieve the same heat transfer performance is shorter in triple heat exchangers than in double heat exchangers. Heat transfer surface area increases by adding a concentric third tube. Advanced surfaces enhance heat transfer compared to smooth surfaces and flow turbulence in comparison to smooth surfaces. Heat transfer from triple-one enhanced surfaces is not well-analyzed. Design and use of triple ones as a double one’s alternative should advance shortly.
Multi-objective optimization model of transmission error of nonlinear dynamic load of double helical gears
Authors: Yao Xingling
Published: October 2023

In order to address the impact of reduced transmission stability and reliability caused by volume reduction on the quality of gear transmission, this article proposes a multi-objective optimization model for nonlinear dynamic load transmission errors of double helical gears. This study aims to introduce a multi-objective design method for gear transmission, using the volume and smooth reliability of helical gears as objective functions, and establish a multi-objective optimization design mathematical model for helical cylindrical gear transmission. In order to solve this multi-objective optimization problem, we utilized the optimization toolbox in the scientific calculation software MATLAB with examples. The results show that after the joint optimization design of volume and coincidence degree, it is calculated that the volume after the joint optimization design is still 2.2624 × 107 mm3, and the coincidence degree is 5.9908. After rounding, the design result is

m

n

=
3
,

Z

1

=
31
,
β
=

20

∘

,

Ψ

d

=
1.2

{m}_{{\rm{n}}}=3,{Z}_{1}=31,\beta ={20}^{\circ },{\Psi }_{{\rm{d}}}=1.2

. The optimization design results show that the joint optimization design with the minimum volume and the maximum coincidence as the objective function can reduce the volume and improve the output stability of the helical gear.
Helical self-assembly of an unusual pseudopeptide: crystallographic evidence
Authors: Dutta Arpita , Das Suven , Das Purak
Published: October 2023

Pseudopeptides are a versatile class of organic building blocks having potential applications in a wide range of domains. In the current study, N and C termini protected l-alanine based short pseudopeptide was synthesized, where 5-aminoisophthalic acid (5-AIA), a rigid non-proteogenic γ-amino butyric acid was incorporated as C-terminal residue. The single crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the l-Ala residue of the aforesaid peptide adopts ϕ and ψ values characteristic of polyproline II conformation. Self-assembly of the pseudopeptide seems to represent a supramolecular helical architecture via NH⋯O, CH⋯O hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions.
Medidas de no repetición ordenadas por la Corte IDH en relación con Estados latinoamericanos que hayan tenido Comisiones de la Verdad
Authors: Blanco Blanco Jacqueline , Gonzáles Serrano Andrés , Pantoja Ángel Oscar Leonardo
Published: October 2023

El artículo tiene como objetivo general describir las medidas de no repetición ordenadas por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (IDH) en relación con Estados latinoamericanos que hayan tenido comisiones de la verdad. El resultado se consigue mediante el desarrollo de una investigación cualitativa, básica y jurídica, que utiliza el método analítico deductivo e inductivo, y centra su análisis en la práctica internacional del Sistema Interamericano. Así, se comprueba que este órgano ha recomendado medidas de no repetición por la violación de los derechos consagrados en la Convención Americana sobre DD. HH. y que estas se clasifican en dos: i) generales, que fueron proferidas, preferentemente, durante la primera década de funcionamiento de la Corte IDH, esto es, en el periodo 1987-1996, ordenando al Estado parte que adopte las medidas adecuadas y efectivas para que los hechos no vuelvan a ocurrir; y ii) específicas, que a su vez ordenan medidas en cuatro variantes: a) reformas normativas, b) creación de registro o acceso a la información, c) creación de programas y políticas públicas, y d) capacitación, programas o campañas de formación en DD. HH.
Conflicto armado en Colombia: un análisis desde las “nuevas guerras”
Authors: García Otero Ruth Cristina
Published: October 2023

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el conflicto interno armado en Colombia a la luz del concepto de “nuevas guerras” desarrollado por Mary Kaldor. Esta investigación es de tipo teórico, descriptivo-observacional y se aplica el método deductivo. Se efectúa un estudio de la transformación en los objetivos del conflicto armado, sus actores, su financiación y sus técnicas, con el objeto de plantear una discusión frente a la violencia estructural en Colombia.
influencia del derecho administrativo francés en Colombia y en el mundo
Authors: Sánchez Hernández Hugo Alejandro , Rodríguez Gutiérrez Andrés
Published: October 2023

El presente artículo tiene como eje principal y fundamental el estudio de la influencia del derecho administrativo francés en las instituciones de la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa de Colombia y a nivel mundial, dada la relevancia jurídica que posee no solo el desarrollo del derecho en Francia, sino también la importancia jurídica y la función que estas instituciones cumplen tanto en el derecho colombiano como en parte del derecho extranjero. El estudio de este fenómeno jurídico va desde el análisis social y jurídico de las instituciones hasta su implementación en los diferentes ámbitos del derecho en otros países, por lo menos en aquellas culturas jurídicas en las que ha sido relevante tal influencia gala, concentrándonos, puntualmente, en aquellos países de tradición romano-germánica, sistemas jurídicos que han sido los principales receptores o compradores de las diferentes nociones del derecho francés, en particular de su derecho administrativo.
Determining factors for the competitive integration of Mexican companies in the CVG of the aerospace sector
Authors: Méndez Jhoana , Casalet Ravenna Mónica
Published: October 2023

The integration of value chains is important due to the link between the productivity of the national industry and the improvement of the quality of life of the population. Mexican companies have difficulties inserting themselves into the global value chain of the aerospace sector and little is known about the problems for their integration and permanence. A mixed study is proposed through the analysis of international experiences in the integration of companies into the sector, as well as interviews with specialists and agents in public and private institutions, to determine which factors hinder the insertion of Mexican companies in the aerospace industry global.
Analysis of Scintillation Materials for Nuclear Medicine on the Basis of Patent Analytics
Authors: DANYLENKO Yu. , NEPOKUPNA T.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. It is known that the object of intellectual property is an important source of technological information that can be used for assessing the industry development and the prospects for further study of scintillation materials, finding competitors, etc.Problem Statement. Today, nuclear medicine is very popular all over the world. Scintillation crystals are one of the main materials used in modern diagnostic devices. Therefore, the development of highly efficient scintillation materials for medical imaging systems is a relevant task.Purpose. The patent activity analysis for nuclear medicine is purposed to find out the dynamics of patenting scintillation materials used in this field for the period 1992—2022 as well as to determine the most priority and important research directions.Material and Methods. The patent search has been made with the help of special search programs: information database Lens.org and specialized database Inventions (Utility models) in Ukraine. While doing the research, we used the methods of analysis, systematization, and comparison.Results. Assessing the development of scintillation materials for nuclear medicine based on patent analysis allows us to analyse the available scintillation materials for this industry, to find new materials for it, and to identify more promising directions for its development.Conclusions. American companies have the largest number of patents on scintillation materials used in nuclear medicine, but in the Ukrainian market, there are similar patents. The main scintillators for nuclear medicine are BGO, CdWO4, ZnWO4, LSO, LYSO, GSO, NaI, CsI, BaF2, LaBr3, LuAP, LuAG, GGAG, LGSO, CaF2: Eu, ZnSe : Te, Gd2O2S : Tb or mixed scintillators such as NaBaLaBr6, Cs2NaLaCl6, etc. in the design of pixels. They are used as bulk crystals, ceramics, films and others. There appear patents on new materials, such as MAPbBr3, CeBr3+x, Tl2LiLaBr6, the properties and prospects for application of which have been currently being studied.