bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The priority of goal-relevant information and evolutionarily threatening information in early attention processing:Evidence from behavioral and ERP study
Authors: Liu Yuting , Wang Pei , Wang Guan
Published: May 2020

Previous studies have demonstrated that evolutionarily threatening information and goal-relevant information can both capture attention. However, some studies have suggested that goal-relevant information is prioritized over evolutionarily threatening information, while some studies have shown the opposite conclusion. The aim of the present study was to investigate the attention advantage by presenting evolutionarily threatening information and goal-relevant information simultaneously. Three conditions were presented in this study: evolutionarily threatening information + an irrelevant stimulus, goal-relevant information + an irrelevant stimulus, and evolutionarily threatening information + goal-relevant information. The behavioral results showed no attentional bias toward evolutionarily threatening information in the two conditions including evolutionarily threatening information; in the two conditions including goal-relevant information, participants showed attentional bias toward goal-relevant information in both. However, the ERP results showed that in the two conditions including evolutionarily threatening information, a significantly stronger N2pc response was seen for evolutionarily threatening information than for the other types of pictures, and goal-relevant information produced a significantly stronger N2pc response than that for an irrelevant stimulus. The abovementioned results indicated that in the earlier stage of attention, both evolutionarily threatening information and goal-relevant information have attention processing advantages over irrelevant stimuli; furthermore, attention was captured by evolutionarily threatening information faster than it was by goal-relevant information.
MLR and ANN Approaches for Prediction of Synthetic/Natural Nanofibers Diameter in the Environmental and Medical Applications
Authors: Kalantary Saba , Jahani Ali , Jahani Reza
Published: May 2020

Fiber diameter plays an important role in the properties of electrospinning of nanofibers. However, one major problem is the lack of a comprehensive method that can link processing parameters to nanofibers’ diameter. The objective of this study is to develope an artificial neural network (ANN) modeling and multiple regression (MLR) analysis approaches to predict the diameter of nanofibers. Processing parameters, including weight ratio, voltage, injection rate, and distance, were considered as independent variables and the nanofiber diameter as the dependent variable of the ANN model. The results of ANN modeling, especially its high accuracy (R2 = 0.959) in comparison with MLR results (R2 = 0.564), introduced the prediction the diameter of nanofibers model (PDNFM) as a comparative model for predicting the diameter of poly (3-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin (Gt) nanofibers. According to the result of sensitivity analysis of the model, the values of weight ratio, distance, injection rate, and voltage, respectively, were identified as the most significant parameters which influence PDNFM.
Author Correction: A novel Asfarvirus-like virus identified as a potential cause of mass mortality of abalone
Authors: Matsuyama Tomomasa , Takano Tomokazu , Nishiki Issei , Fujiwara Atushi , Kiryu Ikunari , Iinada Mari , Sakai Takamitsu , Terashima Sachiko , Matsuura Yuta , Isowa Kiyoshi , Nakayasu Chihaya
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Spatial immune profiling of the colorectal tumor microenvironment predicts good outcome in stage II patients
Authors: Nearchou Ines P. , Gwyther Bethany M. , Georgiakakis Elena C. T. , Gavriel Christos G. , Lillard Kate , Kajiwara Yoshiki , Ueno Hideki , Harrison David J. , Caie Peter D.
Published: May 2020

Cellular subpopulations within the colorectal tumor microenvironment (TME) include CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages, and tumor buds (TBs), all of which have known prognostic significance in stage II colorectal cancer. However, the prognostic relevance of their spatial interactions remains unknown. Here, by applying automated image analysis and machine learning approaches, we evaluate the prognostic significance of these cellular subpopulations and their spatial interactions. Resultant data, from a training cohort retrospectively collated from Edinburgh, UK hospitals (n = 113), were used to create a combinatorial prognostic model, which identified a subpopulation of patients who exhibit 100% survival over a 5-year follow-up period. The combinatorial model integrated lymphocytic infiltration, the number of lymphocytes within 50-μm proximity to TBs, and the CD68+/CD163+ macrophage ratio. This finding was confirmed on an independent validation cohort, which included patients treated in Japan and Scotland (n = 117). This work shows that by analyzing multiple cellular subpopulations from the complex TME, it is possible to identify patients for whom surgical resection alone may be curative.
A substantial hybridization between correlated Ni-d orbital and itinerant electrons in infinite-layer nickelates
Authors: Gu Yuhao , Zhu Sichen , Wang Xiaoxuan , Hu Jiangping , Chen Hanghui
Published: May 2020

The discovery of unconventional superconductivity in hole doped NdNiO2, similar to CaCuO2, has received enormous attention. However, different from CaCuO2, RNiO2 (R = Nd, La) has itinerant electrons in the rare-earth spacer layer. Previous studies show that the hybridization between Ni-$${d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}$$

d

x

2

−

y

2

and rare-earth-d orbitals is very weak and thus RNiO2 is still a promising analog of CaCuO2. Here, we perform first-principles calculations to show that the hybridization between Ni-$${d}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}$$

d

x

2

−

y

2

orbital and itinerant electrons in RNiO2 is substantially stronger than previously thought. The dominant hybridization comes from an interstitial-s orbital rather than rare-earth-d orbitals, due to a large inter-cell hopping. Because of the hybridization, Ni local moment is screened by itinerant electrons and the critical UNi for long-range magnetic ordering is increased. Our work shows that the electronic structure of RNiO2 is distinct from CaCuO2, implying that the observed superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates does not emerge from a doped Mott insulator.
Profiling structural diversity and activity of 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolone N-oxides of Pseudomonas and Burkholderia
Authors: Szamosvári Dávid , Prothiwa Michaela , Dieterich Cora Lisbeth , Böttcher Thomas
Published: May 2020

Here, we report the synthesis of all major 2-alkyl-4(1H)-quinolone N-oxide classes of Pseudomonas and Burkholderia, quantification of their native production levels and their antibiotic activities against competing Staphylococcus aureus.
Copper-catalyzed synthesis of aminoquinolines from β-(2-aminophenyl)-α,β-ynones using DMF as dual synthon
Authors: Ganesan Balaji , Govindan Karthick , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Kandasamy Mohanraj , Lin Wei-Yu
Published: May 2020

The utilization of DMF as a dual synthon to serve as a methine source to introduce C2 carbon and nitrogen source to incorporate amino functionality in the 4th position of quinoline under Cu-catalysis.
Probing batch and continuous flow reactions in organic solvents: Granulicella tundricola hydroxynitrile lyase (GtHNL)
Authors: Coloma José , Guiavarc'h Yann , Hagedoorn Peter-Leon , Hanefeld Ulf
Published: May 2020

Granulicella tundricola hydroxynitrile lyase (GtHNL) is a manganese dependent cupin which catalyses the enantioselective synthesis of (R)-cyanohydrins.
Improved CdS photocatalytic H2 evolution using Au–Ag nanoparticles with tunable plasmon-enhanced resonance energy transfer
Authors: Yue Xuanyu , Hou Juan , Zhang Yifan , Wu Pengcheng , Guo Yali , Peng Shanglong , Liu Zhiyong , Jiang Hu
Published: May 2020

Au–Ag hollow nanoparticles (HNPs) with tunable plasmon absorption peaks were mixed with CdS to achieve stepwise spectral overlap to enhance energy transfer and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
Cationic carboxylate and thioacetate ruthenium(ii) complexes: synthesis and cytotoxic activity against anaplastic thyroid cancer cells
Authors: Lovison Denise , Allegri Lorenzo , Baldan Federica , Ballico Maurizio , Damante Giuseppe , Jandl Christian , Baratta Walter
Published: May 2020

High cytotoxic and antimetastatic activities against anaplastic thyroid cancer are displayed by cationic complexes [RuX(CO)(dppb)(phen)]Y (X = Y = OAc, OPiv, SAc, and NCS; X = Cl and Y = PF6).
Compound health risk assessment of cumulative heavy metal exposure: a case study of a village near a battery factory in Henan Province, China
Authors: Jiang Yuling , Ma Jianhua , Ruan Xinling , Chen Xing
Published: May 2020

The concentrations of the heavy metals Hg, As, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn in soil, groundwater, air, and locally produced grain (wheat and corn) and vegetables were determined in a village near a battery factory in Xinxiang, Henan Province, China.
Cobalt ion-enhanced photochemical vapor generation in a mixed acid medium for sensitive detection of tellurium(iv) by atomic fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Zeng Wen , Hu Jing , Chen Hanjiao , Zou Zhirong , Hou Xiandeng , Jiang Xiaoming
Published: May 2020

Cobalt ion-assisted enhancement of photochemical vapor generation in a mixed acid medium was used for sensitive determination of tellurium(iv) by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.
Synthesis and anti-HBV activity of carbocyclic nucleoside hybrids with salient features of entecavir and aristeromycin
Authors: Samunuri Ramakrishnamraju , Toyama Masaaki , Pallaka Renuka Sivasankar , Neeladri Seshubabu , Jha Ashok Kumar , Baba Masanori , Bal Chandralata
Published: May 2020

A new carbocyclic nucleoside with the salient features of entecavir and aristeromycin identified as the anti-HBV lead candidate.
Development of BiFeO3/MnFe2O4 ferrite nanocomposites with enhanced magnetic and electrical properties
Authors: Remya K. P. , Rajalakshmi R. , Ponpandian N.
Published: May 2020

Herein we report the development of novel multiferroic nanocomposites with enhanced magnetic and electrical properties by employing a simple cost-effective chemical process at low temperatures.
Polarization detection in deep-ultraviolet light with monoclinic gallium oxide nanobelts
Authors: Chen Quan , Zhang Yonghui , Zheng Tao , Liu Zhun , Wu Liangwei , Wang Zhaoxiong , Li Jingbo
Published: May 2020

Polarization detection in deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light is realized with monoclinic Ga2O3 nanobelts.
Vaporization enthalpy, long-term evaporation and evaporation mechanism of polyethylene glycol-based deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Qian , Liu Zhenghui , Li Zheng , Chen Wenjun , Zhou Liyang , Qin Jiaqing , Meng Yaxin , Mu Tiancheng
Published: May 2020

PEG-based deep eutectic solvents are found to be highly volatile even at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Multifunctional hierarchical mesoporous silica and black phosphorus nanohybrids as chemo-photothermal synergistic agents for enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Ren Xiaoning , Shi Lisi , Yu Xiaofeng , Liu Wenliang , Sheng Jianyong , Wan Jiangling , Li Yu , Wan Ying , Luo Zhiqiang , Yang Xiangliang
Published: May 2020

Synergistic therapy agents based on hierarchical mesoporous silica and black phosphorus nanohybrids with high loading capacity and enhanced photothermal stability.
Hierarchical cross-linking for synergetic toughening in crustacean-mimetic nanocomposites
Authors: Jiao Dejin , Guo Jiaqi , Lossada Francisco , Hoenders Daniel , Groeer Saskia , Walther Andreas
Published: May 2020

The combination of supramolecular and covalent bonds enables a synergetic boost of mechanical properties for crustacean-mimetics using the molecular control mechanism.
Polymer actuators based on covalent adaptable networks
Authors: Wu Yahe , Wei Yen , Ji Yan
Published: May 2020

Advances in polymer actuators containing covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are summarized and discussed in this review.
Towards the synthesis of calotropin and related cardenolides from 3-epiandrosterone: A-ring related modifications
Authors: Koch Vanessa , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan
Published: May 2020

Calotropin and related cardiac glycosides isolated from plants such as calotropis gigantea represent an interesting target for biological investigations and are based on a cardiac steroid that is doubly connected to a sugar moiety.
Raman spectroscopy-in situ characterization of reversibly intercalated oxygen vacancies in α-MoO3
Authors: de Castro Silva Isaías , Reinaldo Alice Cosenza , Sigoli Fernando Aparecido , Mazali Italo Odone
Published: May 2020

This work reports on the in situ strategy to reversibly generate or suppress oxygen vacancies on α-MoO3 which were probed by Raman spectroscopy.
Pillararene-functionalised graphene nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Huacheng , Li Chao
Published: May 2020

The current research progress on diverse pillararene derivative functionalised graphene materials, including different synthesis strategies and various applications, is reviewed.
Theoretical perspective on the electronic structure and photophysical properties for a series of mixed-carbene tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes
Authors: Li Jiawei , Han Deming , Gao Jing , Chen Tong , Wang Bao , Shang Xiaohong
Published: May 2020

The electronic structure and photophysical properties of four tris-cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes have been theoretically investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods.
Unexpected cyclization of ortho-nitrochalcones into 2-alkylideneindolin-3-ones
Authors: Aksenov Nicolai A. , Aksenov Dmitrii A. , Arutiunov Nikolai A. , Aksenova Daria S. , Aksenov Alexander V. , Rubin Michael
Published: May 2020

Highly efficient cascade involving Michael addition and Baeyer–Drewson reaction is triggered by cyanide anion and transforms ortho-nitrochalcones into 2-(3-oxoindolin-2-ylidene)acetonitriles.
CuFe–P from a Prussian blue analogue as an electrocatalyst for efficient full water splitting
Authors: Xing Xianjun , Song Yuqiang , Jiang Wen , Zhang Xianwen
Published: May 2020

An alkaline electrolyzer assembled with the CuFe–P/NF electrode can achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an extremely low voltage of 1.577 V.
Reasonable construction of Fe3O4/Ni@N-RGO nanoflowers as highly efficient counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Xu Haifeng , Jin Zhong
Published: May 2020

The rational design of high-performance yet low-cost counter electrodes (CEs) with exceptional catalytic activity for the I−/I3− redox couple and excellent corrosion resistance is of great importance for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
Substrate strain engineering: an efficient strategy to enhance the catalytic activity of SACs on waved graphene for e-NRR
Authors: Liu Di , Ai Haoqiang , Lou Wan Tong , Li Feifei , Lo Kin Ho , Wang Shuangpeng , Pan Hui
Published: May 2020

For most promising SACs, the selectivity for e-NRR improves on increasing the curvature.
Efficiency and active sites of the synergetic sorption and photocatalysis in Cr(vi) decontamination on a 3D oxidized graphene ribbon framework
Authors: Ding Zhe , Liang Jianjun , Zhang Wentao , Wang Wei , Geng Rongyue , Wang Yun , Li Ping , Fan Qiaohui
Published: May 2020

A 3D framework based on graphene oxide ribbons promises unique advantages in Cr(vi) remediationviathe synergetic effect of sorption and photocatalysis. The active sites of sorption and photocatalysis are disclosed at a molecular level.
Tuning the electronic band structure of Mott–Schottky heterojunctions modified with surface sulfur vacancy achieves an oxygen electrode with high catalytic activity for lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Liang Ranxi , Shu Chaozhu , Hu Anjun , Xu Chenxi , Zheng Ruixin , Li Minglu , Guo Yaowen , He Miao , Yan Yu , Long Jianping
Published: May 2020

A new type of surface sulfur-vacancy-modified Ru/ZnIn2S4 Mott–Schottky heterojunctions is elaborately proposed to boost the performance of Li–O2 batteries.
An in situ combustion method for scale-up fabrication of BiVO4 photoanodes with enhanced long-term photostability for unassisted solar water splitting
Authors: Qayum Abdul , Guo Mingrui , Wei Jing , Dong Shun , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong , Wang Ting
Published: May 2020

In situ combustion method can be used for the fabrication of large-area, low-cost photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting.
An anti-infective hydrogel adhesive with non-swelling and robust mechanical properties for sutureless wound closure
Authors: Du Xinchen , Hou Yujie , Wu Le , Li Shilin , Yu Ao , Kong Deling , Wang Lianyong , Niu Guiling
Published: May 2020

An anti-infective TA/hydrogel with non-swelling and adhesion properties could close wounds in a non-invasive way.
Oriented crystal growth of phenylalanine and a dipeptide by solution shearing
Authors: Motai Kazunori , Narimatsu Takuma , Chen Chen , Hayamizu Yuhei
Published: May 2020

Solution shearing enables the fabrication of molecularly aligned thin films of amino acids and dipeptides with high crystallinity.
A probe of the radiation field magnetic component based on octahedral Yb3+ in the CaNbGa garnet – CNGG – single crystal
Authors: Álvarez-Pérez Jorge Omar , Cano-Torres José María , Serrano María Dolores , Cascales Concepción , Zaldo Carlos
Published: May 2020

Magnetic-dipole photoluminescence from octahedral Yb3+ in CaNbGa garnet is proposed for sensing the magnetic component of plasmonic radiated fields.
Rational design and in situ growth of SnO2/CMF composites: insightful understanding of the formaldehyde gas sensing mechanism and enhanced gas sensing properties
Authors: Li Yuxi , Luo Na , Zhang Wenshuang , Hu Qingmin , Wang Xiaohong , Chen Yang , Cheng Zhixuan , Xu Jiaqiang
Published: May 2020

In this paper, 3D porous hierarchical structured SnO2/CMF showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity to HCHO. In addition, the sensing mechanism and performance of SnO2/CMF were studied in depth.
Methodology Matters: The Impact of Research Design on Conversational Entrainment Outcomes
Authors: Wynn Camille J. , Borrie Stephanie A.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Conversational entrainment describes the tendency for individuals to alter their communicative behaviors to more closely align with those of their conversation partner. This communication phenomenon has been widely studied, and thus, the methodologies used to examine it are diverse. Here, we summarize key differences in research design and present a test case to examine the effect of methodology on entrainment outcomes.

Method

Sixty neurotypical adults were randomly assigned to experimental groups formed by a 2 × 2 factorial combination of two independent variables: stimuli organization (blocked vs. random presentation) and stimuli modality (auditory-only vs. audiovisual stimuli). Individuals participated in a quasiconversational design in which the speech of a virtual interlocutor was manipulated to produce fast and slow speech rate conditions.

Results

There was a significant effect of stimuli organization on entrainment outcomes. Individuals in the blocked, but not the random, groups altered their speech rate to align with the speech rate of the virtual interlocutor. There were no effect of stimuli modality and no interaction between modality and organization on entrainment outcomes.

Conclusion

Findings highlight the importance of methodological decisions on entrainment outcomes. This underscores the need for more comprehensive research regarding entrainment methodology.
Stimulus waveform design for decreasing charge and increasing stimulation selectivity in retinal prostheses
Authors: Kosta Pragya , Loizos Kyle , Lazzi Gianluca
Published: May 2020

Retinal degenerative diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa, begin with damage to the photoreceptor layer of the retina. In the absence of presynaptic input from photoreceptors, networks of electrically coupled AII amacrine and cone bipolar cells have been observed to exhibit oscillatory behaviour and result in spontaneous firing of ganglion cells. This ganglion cell activity could interfere with external stimuli provided by retinal prosthetic devices and potentially degrade their performance. In this work, the authors computationally investigate stimulus waveform designs, which can improve the performance of retinal prostheses by suppressing undesired spontaneous firing of ganglion cells and generating precise temporal spiking patterns. They utilise a multi‐scale computational model for electrical stimulation of degenerated retina based on the admittance method and NEURON simulation environments. They present a class of asymmetric biphasic pulses that can generate precise ganglion cell firing patterns with up to 55% lower current requirements compared to traditional symmetric biphasic pulses. This lower current results in activation of only proximal ganglion cells, provides more focused stimulation and lowers the risk of tissue damage.
Availability assessment of voltage source converter HVDC grids using optimal power flow‐based remedial actions
Authors: Rios Mario A. , Vera Jeffer L. , Perez Maria F.
Published: May 2020

This study proposes a methodology for assessing the availability of voltage source converter high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) grids based on the enumeration methodology of contingency analysis with N − 2 criteria and makes contributions in the computation of remedial actions and the definition and computation of reliability indices applied for HVDC grids. Thus, this study proposes the computation of remedial actions based on an optimal power flow, looking to maintain power exchanges between HVDC and high‐voltage alternating current grids, when a contingency occurs on the HVDC grid and converter stations or HVDC lines are out of their operating limits. On the other hand, an HVDC grid has the function of injecting and extracting power from AC interconnected zones, and then traditionally used nodal reliability indices must be modified to indices that reflect the performance of the HVDC network to fulfil its function of interconnection of systems. This study defines two sets of availability indices applicable to HVDC grids: (i) loss of power and energy extracted from the DC grid to the AC zones and (ii) loss of power and energy injected to AC zones from the DC grid. The proposed methodology is applied to perform the availability assessment of the CIGRE B4 DC grid test system and the results are presented.
Voltage support control strategy of grid‐connected inverter system under unbalanced grid faults to meet fault ride through requirements
Authors: Çelik Doğan , Meral Mehmet Emin
Published: May 2020

Grid‐connected inverter (GCI) has become the main interface for integrating modern power units, such as distributed energy resources, electric vehicles, microgrids and high voltage direct‐current transmission systems. To proceed in this direction, this study presents a novel voltage support control strategy to enhance the reliability and stability of the GCI during unbalanced grid fault conditions. The proposed control strategy simultaneously achieves multiple objectives during grid faults; regulating phase voltages magnitude within pre‐defined safety limits, increasing the difference between positive sequence (PS) and negative sequence (NS) voltages, eliminating both active–reactive power oscillations and the DC‐link voltage oscillations. Reducing active power oscillations ensure an adjustable control for the DC‐link voltage oscillations which result in third‐order current harmonic component at the grid side. One of the main contributions to previous studies, reference for reactive power is computed online based on resistive–inductive grid impedance model and reference voltage sequences for the grid support. Another important contribution to existing studies is to supply both the active and reactive powers to the utility grid and load. Detailed mathematical analyses are performed to theoretically describe the behaviour of the proposed control strategy. A comprehensive set of results is presented to confirm the theoretical solutions.
Root event‐based dynamic space pruning algorithm for contingency screening of transmission system
Authors: Wang Leibao , Hu Bo , Xie Kaigui , Niu Tao , Li Chunyan , Li Wenyuan , Liao Qinglong , Wan Lingyun , Zhang Ying
Published: May 2020

Contingency screening is vital for maintaining the transmission system reliability. Bilevel programming is a powerful tool for the accurate identification of critical events. To accelerate the contingency screening with bilevel programming, this study proposes a root‐event‐based dynamic space pruning algorithm. A root event is an event in which all the failed components have contributions to the event impact. Considering the fact that numerous N − k events describe the same critical scenario, the proposed space pruning principles partition the N − k event space into the subspace of root events and the complement subspace. To accelerate the screening of subspace of root events, bilevel programming is constructed to identify new critical events having high risk and causing more severe load shedding than the root event. Besides, relaxed bilevel programming is proposed to accelerate the screening of the complement subspace. The relaxed scheme replaces the constraints of power flow by constraints of transmission capacity, and enables the identification of most of the critical events in the complement subspace with a low computational cost. Case studies on the IEEE RTS and a provincial grid in China indicate that the proposed algorithm significantly accelerates the screening process without missing critical events.
Validation of an open source high voltage grid model for AC load flow calculations in a delimited region
Authors: Peters Dorothee , Heitkoetter Wilko , Völker Rasmus , Möller Axel , Gross Thorsten , Petters Benjamin , Schuldt Frank , Maydell Karsten von
Published: May 2020

Large shares of renewable energy production in the electricity grid make grid expansion and new technologies necessary. The unavailability of grid models to address upcoming research questions led to the development of open source grid models. Our work contributes to establish the open_eGo model for grid simulations by validating its assumptions and results for a rural region with high share of wind energy. In particular, assumptions on electrical parameters and the graph structure of the model are compared to the grid owner's model along with a validation of AC load flow results at the model boundaries. It was found that the graph structure deviates in the degree of nodes and connection characteristic. These deviations are less exterior nodes and a lower maximum degree of nodes as well as a higher number of parallel lines in the open_eGo model. The AC load flow results differ slightly in active power and significantly in reactive power, but are more reliable than an aggregation of loads and generation to the extra high voltage (EHV) nodes. Concluding, the open_eGo model has a limited usability for simulating, understanding and optimising DSO grid operation but can enhance EHV‐only analysis in large area contexts.
Frequency coordinated control strategy of HVDC sending system with wind power based on situation awareness
Authors: Ai Qing , Liu Tianqi , Yin Yue , Tao Yan
Published: May 2020

With the large‐scale wind power, centralised access to high‐voltage direct current (HVDC) asynchronous interconnected sending system, the random fluctuation of wind energy increases the uncertainty of frequency regulation. A frequency coordinated control (FCC) strategy based on situation awareness is proposed to make full use of the frequency regulation potential of wind turbines and HVDC transmission. Firstly, the influence of wind power permeability and HVDC power ratio on frequency regulation capability is analysed, and the mathematical model of FCC is established. Secondly, based on the information of FCC obtained by wide‐area measurement system and data acquisition system, a non‐linear mathematical prediction model is constructed, and the frequency response in finite time domain is predicted according to the frequency deviation and its change rate. According to the results of the prediction, the parameters of FCC are dynamically adjusted to realise the whole process variable objective optimal control on the time scale of primary frequency regulation. Finally, the simulation results show that the maximum frequency deviation of the proposed control method is reduced by about 46.6% and the frequency callback time is reduced by about 11.6% compared with the traditional control method with fixed parameters under the same disturbance.
Depth map artefacts reduction: a review
Authors: Ibrahim Mostafa Mahmoud , Liu Qiong , Khan Rizwan , Yang Jingyu , Adeli Ehsan , Yang You
Published: May 2020

Depth maps are crucial for many visual applications, where they represent the positioning information of the objects in a three‐dimensional scene. Usually, depth maps can be acquired via various devices, including Time of Flight, Kinect or light field camera, in practical applications. However, a brutal truth is that both intrinsic and extrinsic artefacts can be found in these depth maps which limits the prosperity of three‐dimensional visual applications. In this study, the authors survey the depth map artefacts reduction methods proposed in the literature, from mono‐ to multi‐view, via spatial to temporal dimension, in local to global manner, with signal processing to learning‐based methods. They also compare the state‐of‐the‐arts via different metrics to show their potentials in future visual applications.
Fibre Bragg grating sensors for sutural expansion assessment in rapid palatal expanders: an ex‐vivo validation
Authors: Coimbra Wagner , Campos Vinicius , Oliveira Pedro Lima Emmerich , Frizera Anselmo , Sant'Anna Eduardo F. , Souza Araújo Mônica T. , Andrade Rafhael , Leal‐Junior Arnaldo
Published: May 2020

This study presents the development and validation of a fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs)‐based sensor system for the assessment of strain in the midpalatal suture in subjects using rapid palatal expanders (RPEs). The ex‐vivo experiments were made by means of positioning two RPEs in a porcine palatal region. The RPEs used were the Hyrax, a tooth‐borne expander and MARPE (microimplant‐assisted rapid palatal expansion), a bone‐borne expander. In order to define the regions in the palatal region for the sensors positioning, a finite‐element analysis was performed in a porcine head subjected to the loadings caused by an RPE. In addition, a strain transfer model was used to obtain a correction coefficient that approximates the strain estimated by the FBG to the actual strain in the structure under shear and normal stress. Results show high linearity in the sensors characterisation tests with the advantages of compactness, intrinsic safe operation and multiplexing capabilities of FBGs. In the RPE analysis, a higher strain was estimated in the anterior region, which is in accordance with the simulation and previously reported results, where MARPE showed a higher strain (with an exponential pattern) than Hyrax as the number of activations increase.
Primordial mass segregation of star clusters with primordial binaries
Authors: Pavlík Václav
Published: May 2020

Context. Observations of young star-forming regions suggest that star clusters are born completely mass segregated. These initial conditions are, however, gradually lost as the star cluster evolves dynamically. For star clusters with single stars only and a canonical initial mass function, it has been suggested that traces of these initial conditions vanish at a time τv between 3 and 3.5 trh (initial half-mass relaxation times).

Aims. Since a significant fraction of stars are observed in binary systems and it is widely accepted that most stars are born in binary systems, we aim to investigate what role a primordial binary population (even up to 100% binaries) plays in the loss of primordial mass segregation of young star clusters.

Methods. We used numerical N-body models similar in size to the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) – a representative of young open clusters – integrated over several relaxation times to draw conclusions on the evolution of its mass segregation. We also compared our models to the observed ONC.

Results. We found that τv depends on the binary star fraction and the distribution of initial binary parameters that include a semi-major axis, eccentricity, and mass ratio. For instance, in the models with 50% binaries, we find τv = (2.7 ± 0.8) trh, while for 100% binary fraction, we find a lower value τv = (2.1 ± 0.6) trh. We also conclude that the initially completely mass segregated clusters, even with binaries, are more compatible with the present-day ONC than the non-segregated ones.
Minimizers of the prescribed curvature functional in a Jordan domain with no necks
Authors: Leonardi Gian Paolo , Saracco Giorgio
Published: May 2020

We provide a geometric characterization of the minimal and maximal minimizer of the prescribed curvature functionalP(E) −κ|E| among subsets of a Jordan domainΩwith no necks of radiusκ−1, for values ofκgreater than or equal to the Cheeger constant of Ω. As an application, we describe all minimizers of the isoperimetric profile for volumes greater than the volume of the minimal Cheeger set, relative to a Jordan domainΩwhich has no necks of radiusr, for allr. Finally, we show that for such sets and volumes the isoperimetric profile is convex.
The Chemistry of Olive Oil: an endless story
Authors: Conte Lanfranco
Published: May 2020

Because of their value, Olive oils, undergo to several attempts of adulteration and this improved the performances of analytical methods developed to check their authenticity. After the eve of the “Chemistry of indexes”, the development of separation techniques greatly improved the knowledge of the composition of lipids; the earlier gas chromatographic separations of fatty acid, could last even more than 40 minutes and the evaluation of minor fatty acids were problematic, at Bologna University, their previous separation on silver nitrate silica gel TLC was applied in 1974–1975, in order to concentrate them and obtain a better chromatogram. The gas chromatographic evaluation of minor compounds was another interesting challenge, packed columns with apolar stationary phase, admit the separation of few peaks; in 1975, the use of a slightly more polar stationary phase (OV17) highlighted the presence of Δ-5-avenasterol in olive oils. 1981 is a milestone for olive oil analytical control: Regulation (CEE) 2568/91 made the use of capillary columns mandatory. Official analytical methods consider many parameters, enclosed sensory evaluation, that is not matter for chemists, however, chemists are moved by curiosity and several papers had been published on the relationship between the volatile compounds of head space of olive oil and sensory characteristics. Despite being one of the more studied food, olive oils’ composition continues to give the chemists the possibility to discover new compounds, e.g. degradation products of sterols that leads to the standardization of the method for sterenes evaluation. From 1973 to nowadays, the laboratory performances greatly improved, nowadays it is possible to generate a huge number of data in a short time, then the problem is how to correctly interpretate them, surely chemometric and lipidomic greatly can help.
Professionelles Pflegetraining in der Gerontopsychiatrie für Angehörige
Authors: Croneis Melanie
Published: May 2020

Angehörige, die gerontopsychiatrisch erkrankte Familienmitglieder zu Hause pflegen, kommen häufig an ihre Grenzen, fühlen sich überlastet, hilflos und traurig oder haben Berührungsängste. Wir stellen Ihnen ein Trainingskonzept vor, mit dem Sie pflegende Angehörige individuell beraten, schulen und anleiten können, damit diese die häusliche Pflegesituation besser bewältigen. Die Autorin gewann mit diesem Konzept den Pflegepreis 2019 der Bundesfachvereinigung leitender Krankenpflegepersonen der Psychiatrie e. V. Rheinland-Pfalz.
Pulsierender Kopfschmerz – Red Flags erkennen
Authors: Piekartz Harry , Zalpour Christoff
Published: May 2020

Als Jane mit ihrer kleinen Schwester tobt, schießt ihr plötzlich ein starker Schmerz in Nacken und Kopf. So weit nicht ungewöhnlich und eine Indikation für Physiotherapie. Doch als die junge Studentin erzählt, dass der Kopfschmerz pulsierend ist, wird ihr Therapeut hellhörig und stellt die entscheidenden Fragen.
Orbicularis oris musculomucosal flap for anterior palatal fistula
Authors: Tiwari V. K. , Sujata Sarabahi
Published: May 2020

Anterior palatal fistulae or residual anterior clefts are a frequent problem following palatoplasty. Various techniques have been used to repair such fistulae, each having its own advantages and disadvantages. We have successfully used orbicularis oris musculomucosal flap to close anterior fistula and residual clefts in 25 patients. This study shows the superiority of this flap over other techniques because of its reliable blood supply, easy elevation and transfer to fistula site and finally because it is a single-stage procedure.
Diagnostic dilemma in Kaposi’s sarcoma
Authors: Satish Rao B.S , Leo Tauro F , Leo Menezes Theobald , Nandakishore B , Kumar K Praveen
Published: May 2020

Kaposi′s sarcoma is described as cutaneous and extracutaneous neoplasm predominantly affecting older individuals. Though earlier uncommon and endemic to certain African areas, its incidence is on a rise due to infections with human immunodeficiency virus and also due to transplant-associated immunosuppression. Further, certain benign conditions like Pseudo Kaposi′s sarcoma, certain infective conditions like bacillary angiomatosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can mimic Kaposi′s sarcoma both clinically and histologically leading to a diagnostic dilemma. We report such a case here.
Non-Classical Amide Bond Formation: Transamidation and Amidation of Activated Amides and Esters by Selective N–C/O–C Cleavage
Authors: Szostak Michal , Li Guangchen
Published: May 2020

In the past several years, tremendous advances have been made in non-classical routes for amide bond formation that involve transamidation and amidation reactions of activated amides and esters. These new methods enable the formation of extremely valuable amide bonds via transition-metal-catalyzed, transition-metal-free, or metal-free pathways by exploiting chemoselective acyl C–X (X = N, O) cleavage under mild conditions. In a broadest sense, these reactions overcome the formidable challenge of activating C–N/C–O bonds of amides or esters by rationally tackling nN → π*C=O delocalization in amides and nO → π*C=O donation in esters. In this account, we summarize the recent remarkable advances in the development of new methods for the synthesis of amides with a focus on (1) transition-metal/NHC-catalyzed C–N/C–O bond activation, (2) transition-metal-free highly selective cleavage of C–N/C–O bonds, (3) the development of new acyl-transfer reagents, and (4) other emerging methods.

1 Introduction

2 Transamidation of Amides

2.1 Transamidation by Metal–NHC Catalysis (Pd–NHC, Ni–NHC)

2.2 Transition-Metal-Free Transamidation via Tetrahedral Intermediates

2.3 Reductive Transamidation

2.4 New Acyl-Transfer Reagents

2.5 Tandem Transamidations

3 Amidation of Esters

3.1 Amidation of Esters by Metal–NHC Catalysis (Pd–NHC, Ni–NHC)

3.2 Transition-Metal-Free Amidation of Esters via Tetrahedral Intermediates

3.3 Reductive Amidation of Esters

4 Transamidations of Amides by Other Mechanisms

5 Conclusions and Outlook
Synthesis of (Z)-Alkene-Containing Linear Conjugated Dienyl Homoallylic Alcohols by a Palladium-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction
Authors: Horino Yoshikazu , Sakamoto Juri , Murakami Miki , Sugata Miki
Published: May 2020

A synthesis of (Z)-alkene-containing linear conjugated dienyl homoallylic alcohols by using a palladium-catalyzed three-component reaction has been developed. This method shows good functional-group compatibility and generality, with high diastereoselectivity. Additionally, in many cases, the present method controls the alkene stereochemistry of the newly formed C–C bond and overcomes the inherent preference for (E)-alkene formation, giving (Z,E)- and (Z,Z)-products.
Radiotherapy in Cutaneous Squamous Cell and Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Gharzai Laila A. , Mierzwa Michelle L.
Published: May 2020

Radiotherapy is a key component in the multidisciplinary treatment of skin cancers, used in definitive management of selected nonmelanomatous skin cancers and as an adjunct treatment in high-risk cases. Understanding the role of radiotherapy in nonmelanoma skin cancers is increasingly important as their incidence continues to rise. This article provides an overview of risk factors associated with nonmelanomatous skin cancers and the principles of both definitive and adjuvant radiotherapy.
Acute Ischemic Stroke: Acute Management and Selection for Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Dhand Sabeen , O'Connor Paul , Hughes Charles , Lin Shao-Pow
Published: May 2020

Stroke is a medical emergency and expeditious treatment is critical to reducing permanent disability or death. Acute management of patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) requires early recognition of symptoms, rapid assessment and stabilization (hyperacute workup), and appropriate selection of patients for reperfusion with intravenous alteplase and/or mechanical thrombectomy. Established stroke protocols which involve both prehospital emergency medical services and in-hospital multidisciplinary stroke teams have been shown to be crucial to reducing the long term, devastating effects of stroke.
Neuroangiography: Review of Anatomy, Periprocedural Management, Technique, and Tips
Authors: Case David , Kumpe David , Roark Christopher , Seinfeld Joshua
Published: May 2020

Neuroangiography (NA) is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose patients with neurovascular diseases. Noninvasive imaging has improved dramatically in recent years and is utilized more frequently; however, further evaluation with NA is still required in certain cases. NA indications include intracranial (cerebral aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, dural arteriovenous fistula, cerebral vasculitis, cerebral vasospasm, ischemic stroke, nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, Moyamoya, vein of Galen malformation, intracranial tumors, and pseudotumor cerebri) and extracranial (internal and common carotid artery stenosis, vertebral artery stenosis, carotid artery blowout, vertebral artery blowout, epistaxis, oropharyngeal bleeding, and carotid body tumor) pathologies which can help with diagnosis and potential subsequent endovascular treatment. A thorough understanding of normal and variant cervical/cranial vascular anatomy is required. In addition, periprocedural management, catheter technique, equipment needed, and underlying disease pathology are paramount to successful and safe outcomes. This article will review basic neurovascular anatomy, periprocedural management, NA technique, and tips for safe and successful outcomes.
Non-self-adjoint Hamiltonians defined by sesquilinear forms and their physical applications
Authors: Inoue Hiroshi
Published: May 2020

In this paper, we introduce a theory of sesquilinear forms with respect to a non-self-adjoint Hamiltonian and its physical operators. In particular, we discuss some features of non-self-adjoint operators and sesquilinear forms, which are defined starting from biorthogonal sequences that are not Riesz bases, generalized Riesz systems, D-quasi-bases, and (D,E)-quasi-bases.
Acoustically induced breakup of levitated droplets
Authors: Aoki K. , Hasegawa K.
Published: May 2020

Interfacial instability and atomization behavior on acoustically levitated droplets for further stable liquid manipulation were investigated. We visualized the atomization behavior of water and ethanol droplets. Atomization was clearly affected by the difference in surface tension. The pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the droplet was estimated from rapid droplet deformation immediately before its atomization. Finally, the capillary wave on the droplet surface that can trigger atomization was quantified and elucidated with the theory. The size distribution of atomized daughter droplets was compared with the length scale of the capillary wave on the droplet surface.
Ejecta production from metal Sn into inert gases
Authors: Wang Fang , Liu Jun , He An-Min , Wang Pei , Wang Jian-Guo
Published: May 2020

Ejecta is produced from the shock-loaded perturbed surface of metals and subsequently breaks into small particles that are an important source of micro-particles/gas mixing during ejecta's transport and conversion. In engineering applications, the surrounding gas is often neglected during ejecta's formation, and many source models have been established based on the vacuum condition. However, the formation of the spike is always accompanied by gas, which has an important effect on the ejecta's mass/velocity distribution and the transformation time for a steady-state shock wave. To study the interaction between ejecta and ambient gases, we explore the ejecta production at the sinusoidal interface in the presence of argon gas. Six values of gas pressure and five interfaces were chosen to study the formation of the spike/micro-jet by using multi-component elastic–plastic hydro-dynamic codes. The results show that gas perturbed by the spike generated a precursory bow-shaped shock and gradually transformed into a plane wave. The transformation time was related to the velocity of the spike tip and the transmitted wave. The total mass of ejecta in gas had no distinct difference with that in vacuum, while it was significantly increased at the jet tip, which indicates that gas resistance reduced the spike velocity but did not influence the bubble. The initial velocity of the spike was insensitive to gas pressure but its decaying rate was positively correlated with gas pressure. As kh0 increased, the initial velocity of the spike tip and its decaying range increased, making it difficult to attain a steady state.
Z
2
n
-graded extensions of supersymmetric quantum mechanics via Clifford algebras
Authors: Aizawa N. , Amakawa K. , Doi S.
Published: May 2020

It is shown that the N=1 supersymmetric quantum mechanics (SQM) can be extended to a Z2n-graded superalgebra. This is done by presenting quantum mechanical models that realize, with the aid of Clifford gamma matrices, the Z2n-graded Poincaré algebra in one-dimensional spacetime. Reflecting the fact that the Z2n-graded Poincaré algebra has a number of central elements, a sequence of models defining the Z2n-graded version of SQM is provided for a given value of n. In a model of the sequence, the central elements having the same Z2n-degree are realized as dependent or independent operators. It is observed that as the Clifford algebras of larger dimension are used, more central elements are realized as independent operators.