bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inactive Matrix Gla Protein and Cardiovascular Outcomes: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Berlot Ashley A. , Fu Xueyan , Shea M. Kyla , Tracy Russell , Budoff Matthew , Kim Ryung S. , Naveed Mahim , Booth Sarah L. , Kizer Jorge R. , Bortnick Anna E.
Published: February 2025

Background

MGP (matrix Gla protein) inhibits arterial calcification. Higher inactive MGP, in its dephosphorylated‐uncarboxylated (dp‐uc) form, is positively associated with vascular calcification, possibly portending adverse cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to determine the association of dp‐ucMGP with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality in MESA (Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

Methods

MESA is a prospective cohort study of 45‐ to 84‐year‐old individuals enrolled between 2000 and 2002 with adjudicated outcomes through 2019. Dp‐ucMGP was measured at baseline in n=2663 participants with cardiac computed tomography at Exams 1 (2000–2002) and 5 (2010–2012). Age‐stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess dp‐ucMGP with risk of all CVD (mean follow‐up 16±4 years), hard CVD (17±3 years), hard coronary heart disease (17±3 years), and all‐cause mortality (18±2 years).

Results

The youngest age quartile (45‐ to 53‐years‐old) with higher dp‐ucMGP levels (520–2934 pmol/L) had an increased risk of all CVD (hazard ratio [HR], 3.05 [95% CI, 1.58–5.90],
P
=0.001), hard CVD (HR, 2.85 [95% CI, 1.30–6.23],
P
=0.009), hard coronary heart disease (HR, 3.79 [95% CI, 1.31–10.95],
P
=0.014), and all‐cause mortality (HR, 2.73 [95% CI, 1.19–6.30],
P
=0.018) compared with those with dp‐ucMGP levels between 150 and 519 pmol/L in maximally adjusted models.

Conclusions

Younger individuals 45 to 53 years old with elevated dp‐ucMGP levels (≥520 pmol/L) had an increased risk of incident CVD, coronary heart disease, and all‐cause mortality. No association was seen in older adults. Additional studies are needed to better delineate the relationship of inactive MGP with incident CVD, coronary heart disease, and all‐cause mortality.
Modified Rankin Scale at 90 Days Versus National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 24 Hours as Primary Outcome in Acute Stroke Trials
Authors: Ospel Johanna M. , Brown Scott , Bosshart Salome , Stebner Alexander , Uchida Kazutaka , Demchuk Andrew , Saver Jeffrey L. , White Philip , Muir Keith W. , Dippel Diederik W. J. , Majoie Charles B. L. M. , Jovin Tudor G. , Campbell Bruce C. V. , Mitchell Peter J. , Bracard Serge , Guillemin Francis , Hill Michael , Goyal Mayank ,   HERMES Investigators
Published: February 2025

Background

We investigate whether the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 24 hours could serve as a primary outcome in acute ischemic stroke trials, and whether combining 90‐day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and 24‐hour NIHSS in a hierarchical outcome could enhance detection of treatment effect, using endovascular treatment (EVT) as an exemplary study intervention.

Methods

This was a post hoc analysis of pooled data from 7 randomized EVT trials. Twenty‐four‐hour NIHSS as a surrogate outcome for 90‐day mRS was assessed in a causal mediation model. A 7‐point ordinal NIHSS score was generated by grouping 24‐hour NIHSS, including death as a separate category (“ordinal” NIHSS). EVT effect sizes and sample sizes required for detecting EVT benefit with 80% power were compared when using granular 24‐hour NIHSS, ordinal 24‐hour NIHSS, 90‐day mRS, and a hierarchical outcome (win ratio) that combines 90‐day mRS and 24‐hour NIHSS.

Results

A total of 1720 patients were included. Twenty‐four‐hour NIHSS mediated the association between EVT and 90‐day mRS and met criteria for a useful surrogate outcome. Effect sizes were highest and sample sizes required to detect EVT benefit smallest for the win ratio approach (228), followed by 90‐day mRS (240) and ordinal 24‐hour NIHSS (242). In patients with baseline NIHSS <10 and ≥25, ordinal 24‐hour NIHSS resulted in the highest effect size.

Conclusions

Twenty‐four‐hour NIHSS is a useful surrogate outcome for 90‐day mRS in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing EVT, with a similar EVT effect size compared with 90‐day mRS. It could potentially enhance detection of EVT benefit in patients with very low or high baseline NIHSS. An ordered hierarchical outcome could improve detection of EVT treatment effect.
Association Between Elevated Total Homocysteine and Heart Failure Risk in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Cohort
Authors: Karger Amy B. , Nomura Sarah O. , Guan Weihua , Garg Parveen K. , Tison Geoffrey H. , Szklo Moyses , Budoff Matthew J. , Tsai Michael Y.
Published: February 2025

Background

Limited studies show an association between elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) and heart failure (HF) risk, but no studies have assessed whether this association differs by HF subtype. This study examines the relationship between tHcy, HF overall, and HF subtype (HF with preserved ejection fraction [HFpEF] and HF with reduced ejection fraction) in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort.

Methods

Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis participants with baseline tHcy and HF data were included (N=6765). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CI for tHcy and risk of HF. Models were stratified by impaired fasting glucose/type 2 diabetes status, and the combined impact of elevated tHcy and impaired fasting glucose/type 2 diabetes on HF incidence was examined.

Results

Elevated tHcy (>12 μmol/L) was statistically significantly associated with HF overall and HFpEF, and conferred a higher risk for HF overall among individuals with dysglycemia impaired fasting glucose/type 2 diabetes compared with those with normoglycemia. Additionally, there was a statistically significant increased risk of HF overall and HF with reduced ejection fraction and a trend towards increased risk of HFpEF in individuals with both elevated tHcy and dysglycemia. tHcy appears to be a more significant contributor to HFpEF risk than dysglycemia, whereas dysglycemia seems to be more important in driving HF with reduced ejection fraction risk.

Conclusions

Our study confirms an association between hyperhomocysteinemia and HF risk in a large, multi‐ethnic cohort. This is the first study to demonstrate that the impact of tHcy differs by HF subtype and appears to contribute more to HFpEF risk than HF with reduced ejection fraction risk.
Cardiovascular Outcomes With Icosapent Ethyl by Baseline Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Secondary Analysis of the REDUCE‐IT Randomized Trial
Authors: Aggarwal Rahul , Bhatt Deepak L. , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Miller Michael , Brinton Eliot A. , Dunbar Richard L. , Ketchum Steven B. , Tardif Jean‐Claude , Martens Fabrice M. A. C. , Ballantyne Christie M. , Szarek Michael , Mason R. Preston ,   REDUCE‐IT Investigators
Published: February 2025

Background

The efficacy of icosapent ethyl among patients with very well‐controlled baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) is unknown.

Methods

In this post hoc analysis of the REDUCE‐IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial) randomized clinical trial, statin‐treated patients with high cardiovascular risk, elevated triglycerides (135–499 mg/dL), and baseline LDL‐C of 41 to 100 mg/dL were included. Patients were randomized to icosapent ethyl (2 g twice daily) or placebo and then post hoc stratified by baseline LDL‐C (<55 mg/dL versus ≥55 mg/dL). The primary composite end point included cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina.

Results

Among 8175 patients with baseline LDL‐C data, 7117 (87.1%) had LDL‐C ≥55 mg/dL and 1058 (12.9%) had LDL‐C <55 mg/dL. In patients with LDL‐C <55 mg/dL, the rate of the primary composite end point was lower in the icosapent ethyl group (16.2% versus 22.8%) than in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.50–0.87]; absolute risk reduction, 6.6%;
P
=0.003). Among patients with LDL‐C ≥55 mg/dL, a primary composite end point event occurred in a lower proportion of patients in the icosapent ethyl group (17.4% versus 21.9%) than in the placebo group (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69–0.85]; absolute risk reduction, 4.5%;
P
<0.0001). No significant interaction was observed between baseline LDL‐C and treatment group (
P
for interaction=0.40). Findings were consistent among secondary cardiovascular end points and in sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions

Among statin‐treated patients with elevated triglycerides and high cardiovascular risk, icosapent ethyl reduced the rate of cardiovascular end points irrespective of baseline LDL‐C, including among eligible patients with optimal LDL‐C control.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.
Prevalence and Mortality of Heart Failure Stages in a Free‐Living Older Adult Population: Data From the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health
Authors: Heidemann Altair I. , Santos Angela B. S. , Bittencourt Marcio S. , Ribeiro Antonio L. P. , Rohde Luis E. , Lotufo Paulo A. , Duncan Bruce B. , Foppa Murilo
Published: February 2025

Background

Heart failure (HF) has a major impact on public health. HF staging helps capture preclinical disease and its progression to advanced stages. There are scarce data on HF staging from longitudinal studies in Latin America. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and mortality of HF stages in a Brazilian adult cohort of participants 60 years old and over.

Methods

The ELSA‐Brasil (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health) multicentric cohort comprises 15 105 adults. From 2008 to 2010, ELSA carried out interviews and clinical, laboratory, and cardiovascular tests. In this analysis, we included participants 60 years old and over who had an echocardiogram performed at baseline visit and additional information regarding risk factors and functional capacity.

Results

There were 2356 participants (65±4 years; 53% women) with baseline echocardiogram. Of these, 504 (21%) participants were considered at low risk for developing HF (stage 0). Prevalence of HF was 1026 (44%) for stage A (at risk for HF), 557 (24%) for stage B (pre‐HF), and 269 (11%) for stage C (symptomatic HF), with different distribution between sexes (
P
<0.001). Multivariable risk‐adjusted model for all‐cause mortality over a median follow‐up of 12 years, found 6%, 12%, 18%, and 27% for stages 0, A, B, and C, respectively, with hazard ratios of 1.82 [95% CI, 1.2–2.7], 2.52 [95% CI, 1.7–3.8], and 4.29 [95% CI, 2.8–6.6], using as reference stage 0.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of symptomatic, and preclinical HF in older adults and the increased mortality with disease progression may be responsible for an elevated public health burden. This information is critical for understanding and planning health policies for older adults in middle‐income countries.
Effect of Daily Avocado Intake on Cardiovascular Health Assessed by Life's Essential 8: An Ancillary Study of HAT, a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Damani Janhavi J. , Kris‐Etherton Penny M. , Lichtenstein Alice H. , Matthan Nirupa R. , Sabaté Joan , Li Zhaoping , Reboussin David , Petersen Kristina S.
Published: February 2025

Background

The effect of single food‐based dietary interventions on the American Heart Association's cardiovascular health score, Life's Essential 8 (LE8), is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of daily avocado intake for 26 weeks on LE8 in adults with abdominal obesity.

Methods and Results

An ancillary analysis including participants (n=969; aged 51±14 years) from the HAT (Habitual Diet and Avocado Trial), a randomized controlled trial, was conducted. The Avocado‐Supplemented Diet Group was provided with 1 avocado per day, and the Habitual Diet Group was instructed to maintain their usual diet. LE8 component scores (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure) were calculated using a modified American Heart Association algorithm. The LE8 score was calculated as the unweighted average of each component (range, 0–100 points). Between‐group differences in the 26‐week change in LE8 were assessed using general linear models. No significant between‐group difference in the 26‐week change in the LE8 score from baseline was observed (0.79 points [95% CI, −0.41 to 2.00]). However, avocado intake increased the LE8 component scores for diet (3.53 points [95% CI, 1.38–5.68]), sleep health (3.20 points [95% CI, 0.38–6.02]), and blood lipids (3.46 points [95% CI, 1.03–5.90]) compared with the Habitual Diet Group.

Conclusions

Intake of 1 avocado per day for 26 weeks did not significantly affect the total cardiovascular health score in US adults with abdominal obesity. However, diet quality, sleep health, and blood lipids improved with daily avocado intake.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03528031.
Intravenous Thrombolysis in Cervical Artery Dissection–Related Stroke: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Shu Liqi , Lee Elizabeth , Field Thalia S. , Guo Xiaofan , Henninger Nils , Keser Zafer , Khan Muhib , Mistry Eva A. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Siegler James E. , Strelecky Lukas , Mandel Daniel M. , Stretz Christoph , Furie Karen L. , Yaghi Shadi
Published: February 2025

Background

Although intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is safe and effective in populations with general stroke, its impact on cervical artery dissection–related acute ischemic stroke (CeAD‐AIS) remains unclear. This retrospective study used the National Inpatient Sample to compare outcomes in patients with CeAD‐AIS treated with and without IVT.

Methods

We included adult patients with concurrent CeAD and AIS diagnoses (
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision
[
ICD‐10
], codes) hospitalized from 2016 to 2019. The primary outcome was home discharge; safety outcomes included inpatient death and intracerebral hemorrhage. We performed survey‐weighted multivariable logistic regressions comparing IVT versus no IVT, followed by interaction analyses to examine effect modifications based on age, medical history, stroke severity, carotid artery involvement, and endovascular treatment.

Results

Between 2016 and 2019, 1360 (12.1%) of 11 285 patients with CeAD‐AIS received IVT. IVT‐treated patients had higher median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (median [interquartile range], 8 [4–17] versus 3 [1–11];
P
<0.001). Adjusted analyses showed IVT was associated with higher odds of home discharge (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.40 [95% CI, 1.01–1.92];
P
=0.042), but not with inpatient death (adjusted OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 0.76–2.20];
P
=0.347) or intracerebral hemorrhage (adjusted OR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.32–1.48];
P
=0.341). Stroke severity (
P
for interaction=0.001) and carotid artery involvement (
P
for interaction=0.021) significantly modified IVT's effect on home discharge, with IVT being associated with an increased likelihood of home discharge in patients with moderate to severe strokes (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >4) and carotid artery involvement.

Conclusions

IVT improves the likelihood of home discharge in patients with CeAD‐AIS without increasing the risk of inpatient death or intracerebral hemorrhage.
Unraveling Novel Subsets of Lymphocytes Involved in Sac Expansion in the Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Within an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Hosaka Itaru , Ikegami Ippei , Mikami Takuma , Sato Tatsuya , Ogawa Toshifumi , Mukawa Kei , Tanaka Marenao , Endo Keisuke , Akiyama Yukinori , Ohkawa Akihito , Nakazawa Junji , Shibata Tsuyoshi , Nakajima Tomohiro , Iba Yutaka , Shiiku Chikara , Sumino Satoshi , Koshima Ryuji , Takano Kenichi , Ichimiya Shingo , Kawaharada Nobuyoshi , Furuhashi Masato
Published: February 2025

Background

Chronic inflammation is involved in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). A tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) within vascular lesions has recently been focused on for its role in modulation of inflammation in local tissues. We aimed to elucidate the relationships between TLS and pathophysiology of AAA.

Methods

Abdominal aortic samples obtained from 37 patients with AAA (men/women: 34/3, age: 72.8±9.9 years) and 15 autopsied patients who died from non‐aortic events (men/women: 11/4, age: 65.5±9.8 years) were investigated.

Results

TLSs in AAA lesions were confirmed by focal infiltration of CD3‐positive cells surrounding germinal center‐like structures containing CD20‐positive cells between the tunica adventitia and tunica media layers. The formation of a TLS was significantly more prevalent in AAA patients than in autopsied patients. The number of TLSs in AAA lesions was positively correlated with sac diameter (r=0.357,
P
=0.035) and the amount of intraluminal thrombosis (r=0.466,
P
=0.005). T cells and B cells were predominant cellular populations among CD45
+
cells in AAA lesions. There was a significantly positive correlation between the proportions of interfollicular T follicular helper (CD3
+
CD4
+
CD45RA
−
CXCR5
+
PD‐1
+
) cells and double negative B (CD3
−
CD19
+
IgD
−
CD27
−
) cells, and they were positively correlated with sac diameter, intraluminal thrombosis, and serum lipids. Deposited single‐cell RNA‐sequencing data for AAA showed that T follicular helper cells and double negative B cells were associated with lipid metabolism, T cell activation/proliferation and inflammation.

Conclusions

The formation of a TLS in AAA lesions is associated with sac diameter and intraluminal thrombosis in connection with interfollicular T follicular helper cells and double negative B cells, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of AAA and might be novel therapeutic targets for the development of AAA.
Description of a new species of the earthworm genus Moniligaster Perrier, 1872 (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve of Tamil Nadu State, India
Authors: NARAYANAN S. PRASANTH , AHMED SHAKOOR , THOMAS A.P.
Published: February 2025

A new earthworm species, Moniligaster gatesi Ahmed & Narayanan, sp. nov., is described based on the specimens collected from Ooty in Tamil Nadu State of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India. It belongs to the gravelyi group of species, characterized by the vas deferens opening directly into the prostate, spermathecal atria confined to segment 7, and leaflet-like glands absent on the vas deferens. Among the congeners of the group, M. gatesi sp. nov. shows close similarity with M. gravelyi Stephenson, 1915, and M. bahli Narayanan & Julka, 2021. M. gatesi sp. nov. has paired atrial glands at each side, whereas the very similar-looking M. gravelyi has a single undivided atrial gland at each side. In M. gatesi sp. nov., the prostatic capsule has a shallow, nodulated surface, and the ovisacs extend in segments 13–16, but in M. bahli, the prostatic capsule is sinuous at the ental end with a few nodulations, and the ovisacs reach up to segment 20. Here we provide the detailed description of the external and internal characteristics of the new species along with the illustrations of the key characters. An updated key to the Moniligaster species is also provided.
Discovery of a novel species of the genus Perionyx Perrier, 1872 (Clitellata: Megascolecidae) from Manipur, North-Eastern Region, India
Authors: TIWARI NALINI , JAMES SAMUEL W. , GUPTA NEELIMA , YADAV SHWETA
Published: February 2025

The study introduces a new species, Perionyx browantlerus Tiwari & Yadav sp. nov. identified in the north-eastern region of India, particularly in Manipur State. It possesses two pairs of mid-ventral spermathecal pores located in the intersegmental furrow of segments vii/viii/ix, possessing a vestigial gizzard, exhibiting holandric traits, and lacking pineal setae. Perionyx browantlerus Tiwari & Yadav sp. nov. stands out from other similar species because of its adiverticulate spermathecae. Furthermore, another interesting species Perionyx sp. nov.? 1 was also found, which is characterized by a unique "V"-shaped longitudinal oblong impression situated above the male pore, which extends from each papilla. Unfortunately, the single specimen with malformed segmentation prevents it from being described as a new species.
A report of the unusual presence of Haplotaxis cf. gordioides in a terrestrial subsoil and first isotopic analysis of its trophic position
Authors: JÓZEFOWSKA AGNIESZKA , MARTIN PATRICK , SCHMIDT OLAF
Published: February 2025

Haplotaxis is a genus of aquatic oligochaetes for which only limited information is available on its taxonomy, distribution, habitat and diet. During a soil survey in southern Poland, specimens of Haplotaxis cf. gordioides were unexpectedly found in terrestrial mineral subsoils, isolated from any apparent water source. This discovery provides an opportunity to investigate two aspects of Haplotaxis: habitat and diet. For the first time, the predatory nature of Haplotaxis has been assessed using stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen and compared with detritivorous worms. In addition, the natural habitat of this genus was reconsidered through a literature review. This new terrestrial record raises questions about the habitat preference of Haplotaxis, suggesting that their rare soil presence may be due to challenges of extraction rather than actual absence. The finding highlights our limited understanding and exploration of subsoil fauna, including macrofauna. It also provides the first independent evidence for the predatory behaviour of Haplotaxis.
Remarks on the Dendrobaena alpina (Rosa, 1884) species complex in the Carpathian Basin (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae)
Authors: SZEDERJESI TÍMEA , POP ANTONIA ADRIANA , HORVÁTH EDIT , KRÍZSIK VIRÁG , CSUZDI CSABA
Published: February 2025

Our molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of two well-separated clades, an Alpine-Carpathian-Balkanic and a Balkanic-Anatolian-Levantine group within the Dendrobaena alpina (Rosa, 1884) species group. Two specimens collected in the Retezat Mountains, the Southern Carpathians, Romania, identified as D. alpina alpina in a former study, together with the Bulgarian D. misirlioglui Csuzdi & Szederjesi, 2023 and the Balkanic-Southern Carpathian D. alpina popi Šapkarev, 1971 joined the latter clade. Moreover, the genetic and morphological characters supported their description as a new species, D. victorum sp. nov. The study also revealed that the subspecies D. alpina armeniaca (Rosa, 1893) and D. alpina popi have no connection with D. alpina, thus their elevation to species rank is suggested.
Earthworm fauna of Cape Kamenjak (Istria, Croatia) with a focus on the endemic species Octodrilus istrianus Mršić, 1991
Authors: KUTUZOVIĆ DAVORKA HACKENBERGER , MARCHÁN DANIEL F. , KUTUZOVIĆ BRANIMIR HACKENBERGER
Published: February 2025

The area of Donji Kamenjak (Istria, Croatia) is locus typicus for the species Octodrilus istrianus Mršić, 1991. However, the whole earthworm fauna has not been investigated. Given that O. istrianus is an endemic species to the Istrian region, this fact inspired our research in this small, but unique location. Field samplings were conducted over a two-year period (2020–2021), with biannual collections in both spring and autumn. In total, we identified nine earthworm species, including eight from the Lumbricidae family and one from the Acanthodrilidae family. We confirmed the presence of O. istrianus Mršić, 1991 and, for the first time in Croatia, documented the presence of Microscolex dubius (Fletscher, 1887). The most abundant species was Octodrilus kvarnerus Mršić, 1987, also an endemic species for this area. The endemic species O. istrianus in this surveyed area faces threats from habitat degradation, mechanical land cultivation practices, wild boars foraging and the impact of tourism during the majority of the year.
Not the brightest earthworm in the genus: two non-bioluminescent Avelona (Lumbricidae, Crassiclitellata) with description of a new species
Authors: GÉRARD SYLVAIN , NAVARRO ALEJANDRO MARTÍNEZ , DECAËNS THIBAUD , HEDDE MICKAËL , MARCHÁN DANIEL FERNÁNDEZ
Published: February 2025

Several new earthworm species have been described in France in the last decade, but the Western peri-Alpine region, despite hosting several endemic species, has received little attention. A recently discovered earthworm species from this region was found to be a close relative to Avelona ligra and Allolobophora s.l. zicsii after molecular phylogenetics (based on the molecular markers COI, 16S, ND1, 28S and 12S) and described as Avelona yvesi sp. nov. Morphological study of Av. yvesi sp. nov., Avelona zicsii comb. nov. and Av. ligra allowed to provide an improved diagnosis of the genus, highlighting a wide variability in spermathecae and nephridial morphology. These species reinforce the evolutionary significance of their range as a putative refuge of a pre-glacial diversity, show contrasting distribution patterns which could be attributed to historical or ecological causes, and provide new chances to study bioluminescence in Av. ligra with their closest, non-bioluminescent relatives.
Four new large Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) earthworms from Brazil
Authors: DUDAS RAFAELA TAVARES , M. ALEXANDER FEIJOO , BROWN GEORGE G.
Published: February 2025

Four new species of earthworms in the genus Glossoscolex (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae), one belonging to the truncatus (Glossoscolex anaclaudiae sp. nov.) and the others to the giganteus (Glossoscolex itatiaiaensis sp. nov., Glossoscolex demeijeri sp. nov., Glossoscolex demetrioi sp. nov.) species groups are described from material collected in southeastern and southern Brazil, in the states of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina. All the new species are large-sized earthworms, with body length over 20 cm, and considered “minhocuçus”. Apart from G. anaclaudiae (male pore in XVII), all the other new species have male pores in segment XVIII, but with different sizes and formats. The presence of many undescribed large species highlights the need for further ecological and taxonomic work on this diverse group of large worms in Brazil. We present a table with the different characteristics of the new species, compared with the type of the genus G. giganteus Leuckart, 1841.
New earthworm species of Glossoscolex Leuckart, 1835 and Fimoscolex Michaelsen, 1900 (Clitellata: Glossoscolecidae) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: DUDAS RAFAELA TAVARES , JAMES SAMUEL WOOSTER , BARTZ MARIE L.C. , BROWN GEORGE GARDNER
Published: February 2025

Ten new species of earthworms (Crassiclitellata: Glossoscolecidae), belonging to the genera Glossoscolex and Fimoscolex are described from material collected in the Atlantic Forest biome in the mountains of southeastern Brazil in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. Two of them are in Glosssoscolex, i.e., G. mariebartzae sp. nov., and G. carvalhoi sp. nov., while eight species are of Fimoscolex, i.e., F. barettai sp. nov., F. pereirai sp. nov., F. dorivali sp. nov., F. schmelzi sp. nov., F. feijooi sp. nov., F. cunhai sp. nov., F. elkeae sp. nov. and F. elodieae sp. nov. All have male pore(s) in XVII, but with different formats of the male pore region. Glossoscolex mariebartzae sp. nov. belongs to the Glossoscolex subgenus and the truncatus species group with intraclitellar male pores, while G. carvalhoi sp. nov. belongs to the subgenus Assudrilus, with a single male pore but two copulatory pouches. Some of the new species here described have modified nephridia, with bright iridescent color, apparently used for allosperm storage. We present a table with the different characteristics of the new species described, as well as the sampling data and some environmental associations.
A review of literature and a reevaluation of Diplocardia verrucosa Ude 1895 resulted in the discovery of a new species in southern New Mexico and west Texas, USA
Authors: DAMOFF GEORGE A. , CARRERA-MARTÍNEZ ROBERTO
Published: February 2025

A new earthworm species, Diplocardia farrishi sp. nov., was collected from multiple sites within the Chihuahuan Desert of southern New Mexico and West Texas, USA. This new species was only recently recognized as such after a review of the literature on Diplocardia verrucosa Ude, 1895. Corrections in the literature of D. verrucosa, with additional morphological detail are offered with a detailed description of the species. The description of D. farrishi sp. nov. is compared with D. verrucosa based on the male pore, intestinal origin, genital tumescences, and habitat. Diplocardia farrishi differs from similar species with a posteriorly displaced male field in having an intestinal origin in xviii, male field in xix–xxi, and lacking genital tumescences or markings. A key to Diplocardia species with posteriorly displaced male field is included.
Macrotrichurus granzottorum, a new species of termitophilous rove beetle from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini)
Authors: SILVA RUAN FELIPE DA , CARON EDILSON , MORENO CARLOS
Published: February 2025

The genus Macrotrichurus Silvestri (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Termitonannini) is composed of two species that are associated with termite nests of the genera Anoplotermes Müller, Cornitermes Wasmann and Orthognathotermes Holmgren, from southeastern Brazil. In this paper, we describe Macrotrichurus granzottorum Da-Silva, Caron & Moreno sp. nov., from southwestern Brazil from nests of Patawatermes turricula (Silvestri), representing a novel host record for the genus. Additionally, we provide an updated taxonomic key for Macrotrichurus species, a revised diagnosis for the genus, notes on behavior, and discussion about hosts. This research extends the known distribution of the genus to the state of Mato Grosso do Sul.
ZnO/TiO2 photocatalysts for degradation of methyl orange by low-power irradiation
Authors: Dai Jinzhu , Wu Yonghong , Yao Yanhu , Zhang Bing
Published: February 2025

Photocatalysts are the most essential in photocatalytic degradation of dyes in wastewater. Here, ZnO/TiO2 composite photocatalysts with variable proportions were prepared by chemical deposition method in order to meet the realistic requirements of low-cost synthesis, high stability, and environmental friendliness. The as-prepared photocatalyst was characterized by the technologies of scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflection, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electrochemistry, nitrogen adsorption and X-ray diffraction. The degradation of methyl orange (MO) was applied to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of ZnO/TiO2 under low-power irradiation. At the same time, the effects of the chemical composition of photocatalyst, pH and MO concentration of solution on the photocatalytic degradation performance were mainly investigated. The results demonstrated an excellent synergistic effect between ZnO and TiO2 for improving the photocatalytic efficiency of the composite catalyst. The highest degradation rate of MO reaches to 98.6% for the photocatalyst with a mass proportion of ZnO:TiO2 being 0.131:1 under the condition of 10 mg/L for MO concentration and 6.7 for pH via the light of ultraviolet radiation A band. This study brings a new way for the production of low-cost and efficient catalysts with low-power light sources to mitigate azo dyes, e.g. MO.
Modeling and simulation of cotton fiber web hydroentanglement process
Authors: Xu Dingfu , Li Yong , Chen Xiaochuan , Wang Jun
Published: February 2025

To improve the quality of hydroentangled nonwoven cotton fiber web and optimize the parameters of hydroentanglement, the hydroentanglement process was simulated using a finite-element method. A cotton fiber web was established based on the fractal principle. In this work, a finite-element model of the hydroentanglement process was developed using LS-DYNA software. The effects of water jet pressure and water jet distance on the fiber web thickness were investigated using the model. A relevant experiment was designed to verify the effectiveness of the model. Computer simulations and experiments show that a higher water jet pressure and a shorter water jet distance will decrease the fiber web thickness. The results show that there is great potential for this research in the field of computer-assisted methods in hydroentanglement technology.
The Effect of Fuel Hedging in the Airline Industry on Returns, Volatility, and on the Return-to-risk Relationship Analysis
Authors: Berkowitz Jason P. , Dasari Kavya S. , DeLisle R. Jared
Published: February 2025

This paper begins with an investigation on the relation between airline fuel hedging and volatility and builds on this idea to consider its effect on the risk and return relationship. The evidence affirms a negative association between an airline’s fuel hedging expense and both its total volatility and idiosyncratic volatility. However, we observe a negative relationship between hedging and the Sharpe ratio, indicating that hedging reduces the return to risk performance. These relationships also appear to be nonlinear as medium or small hedgers can improve their return to risk ratio while large hedgers can reduce their total and idiosyncratic risk. Results indicate large hedgers are effective hedgers while small and/or medium hedgers may be using derivatives more for effective speculation. Employing lagged variables and instrumental variable approaches yield qualitatively similar results.

JEL Classification: D81 Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty & G11 Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
Viral and squamous papillomas in captive polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
Authors: Travis Anna-Maria , Luff Jennifer , Womble Mandy , Garner Michael M. , LaDouceur Elise E. B.
Published: February 2025

Papillomas, many of which are virally induced, are common proliferative cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions in multiple species, exhibiting characteristic histologic cytopathic changes that distinguish them from nonviral squamous papillomas. A single case report of a novel papillomavirus, Ursus maritimus papillomavirus-type 1, in a polar bear has been reported without investigation into any association between this virus and papilloma formation. We identified papillomas in 3 polar bears. All 3 cases had pedunculated masses consistent with papillomas (i.e., proliferative epithelium forming papillary projections on a fibrovascular stalk); case 1 also exhibited koilocytosis (cytopathic change), consistent with a viral papilloma. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers that can amplify a diversity of papillomaviruses followed by amplicon sequencing yielded a novel papillomavirus sequence in case 1, which shared <70% nucleotide identity to any known papillomavirus type, indicative of a putatively novel papillomavirus. In situ hybridization (ISH) of case 1 demonstrated viral nucleic acid within proliferative cells and not within the adjacent normal skin, suggesting the virus was the causative agent of this papilloma. The squamous papillomas in cases 2 and 3 were negative for papillomavirus by both PCR and ISH. These findings support our hypothesis that cytopathic effect is associated with the presence of papillomavirus in polar bears, while the lack of histologic cytopathic change may predict nonviral pathogenesis. Further sequencing of the putatively novel viral genome will benefit research and conservation efforts of polar bears.
The pathogenesis of West Nile virus-associated lymphohistiocytic proliferative cutaneous lesions of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Piras Ilaria M. , Nevarez Javier G. , Stevenson Lynn , Bell Frazer , Ilia Georgios , Peters Susan , Slawski Deirdre , Kelly Pamela A.
Published: February 2025

“Pix” is one of the most common skin defects that reduce the quality of crocodilian leather. The name is derived from their resemblance to pit marks made by an ice pick. Histologically, each “pix” is associated with a focal dermal accumulation of immune cells, specifically lymphocytes and histiocytes. Consequently, these defects have been termed lymphohistiocytic proliferative cutaneous lesions (LPCLs). In farmed American alligators ( Alligator mississippiensis), LPCLs have been associated with seropositivity against West Nile virus (WNV) and the presence of viral genome in the skin. Despite this association, the nature and pathogenesis of LPCLs remain unclear. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we unravel the microanatomy of LPCLs of alligators and localize WNV genome within the lesions. Our results show that LPCL lesions consist of de novo follicular aggregates of lymphocytes segregated into B- and T-cell zones, like tertiary lymphatic follicles of mammals and birds. Furthermore, the presence of WNV genome was highlighted by in situ hybridization in the macrophages of LPCLs, gut-associated lymphoid tissues, and the spleen. Our results suggest that LPCLs may form in American alligators’ skin as part of a generalized lymphofollicular proliferation, likely as an immune response against WNV infection.
Itinéraire méthodologique d’un sociologue qui avait étudié les mathématiques
Authors: Grossetti Michel
Published: February 2025

Résumé

Dans ce texte, je reviens sur mon parcours de chercheur, abordé sous l’angle des méthodes que j’ai utilisées, dont certaines ont été développées avec divers collègues sur la base de techniques existantes. Formé au départ en mathématiques appliquées, j’ai évidemment utilisé les outils de l’analyse statistiques de données, mais je me suis aussi beaucoup intéressé aux entretiens et à l’histoire orale, qui forment la base de la méthode des narrations quantifiées.
Injectable ADM temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with bFGF in diabetic rat wound healing study
Authors: Chen Haojiao , Sun Jianping , Liu Wenyang
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetic wound is one of the most common diabetic chronic complications. Effective treatments of diabetic wound remain limited. Here, we explored the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-acellular dermal matrix (ADM) hydrogel on the diabetic wound. Methods: The bFGF-ADM hydrogel was manufactured by mixing 180 µL ADM hydrogel and 20 µL bFGF aqueous solution (10 mg/mL). The morphology of ADM hydrogel and bFGF-ADM hydrogel was observed under scanning electron microscope. The release property of bFGF-ADM hydrogel was determined by ELISA. CCK-8 assay was utilized to estimate the cell viability of mouse skin fibroblasts. The diabetes mellitus (DM) model was established in rats. The four wounds on the back of each DM rat were treated with the ADM hydrogel, bFGF-ADM hydrogel, bFGF aqueous solution and no solution (control), respectively. The wound healing rate of each rat was estimated. The traumatized skin tissue of each rat was observed by H&E staining and Sirius red staining. Results: The bFGF-ADM hydrogel displayed an interconnected pore structure and bFGF was gradually released from the bFGF-ADM hydrogel over time. The bFGF-ADM hydrogel could enhance the cell viability of skin fibroblasts and promote the wound healing rate, the re-epithelialization of wound and increase the collagen fiber content of dermis. And the bFGF-ADM hydrogel exhibited better therapeutic effects of diabetic wound than either bFGF or ADM alone. Conclusions: Our study revealed that the bFGF-ADM hydrogel could promote diabetic wound healing.
Regards sur l'Inéluctable : la mort dans les romans de Mahi Binebine
Authors: Belhaj Hicham
Published: February 2025

Cet article examine la représentation de la mort dans sept romans de Mahi Binebine, Le sommeil de l’esclave (1992), Les funérailles du lait (1994), L’ombre du poète (1997), Cannibales, (1999), Pollens (1999), Terre d’ombre brûlée (2004), et Les étoiles de Sidi Moumen (2010). En s’appuyant sur une approche phénoménologique, l'étude se concentre sur les perceptions et les réactions des personnages face à la mort, explorant ainsi les implications philosophiques et existentielles. Le cheminement méthodologique en six étapes guide l'analyse, mettant en lumière la complexité du thème de la mort et sa relation avec la réalité contemporaine du Maroc. L'auteur émerge comme un visionnaire, capturant les nuances de la condition humaine à travers une écriture qui transcende la simple narration, offrant une réflexion profonde sur la vie, la mort et la société marocaine.
Key Fiscal Drivers of Indian Economy: Analysing the Causality and Growth Rates of Fiscal Components and Their Direct Impact on India’s GDP
Authors: Maiti Susobhan , MJ Manoj
Published: February 2025

This research article presents an econometric analysis examining fiscal components of India and their influence on the gross domestic product (GDP). The study’s objectives encompass measuring growth rates of fiscal components and GDP, determining causality between them and assessing the specific impact of government receipt and expenditure components on GDP growth. Methodologically, the analysis employs various statistical techniques, including year-over-year and Compound Annual Growth Rate calculations, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, Augmented Dickey–Fuller test, Granger causality test and regression analysis. Findings indicate that interest payments and capital outlay positively affect GDP, while subsidies and capital receipts have negative impacts. Additionally, lagged GDP demonstrates a significant positive relationship with current GDP. The regression model exhibits substantial explanatory power, though positive autocorrelation in residuals suggests scope for improvement. Implications extend to policymakers and investors, offering empirical insights for formulating effective fiscal policies and making informed investment decisions.
Bovine herpesviral meningoencephalitis: large case study and literature review
Authors: Santos Bethânia S. , Lemos Ricardo A. A. , Rech Raquel R. , Barros Claudio S. L. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: February 2025

Bovine herpesviral meningoencephalitis (BHM) is an infectious disease of cattle caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1; Orthoherpesviridae, Varicellovirus bovinealpha1) or 5 (BoAHV5; Orthoherpesviridae, Varicellovirus bovinealpha5). Cases are frequent in South America, but the disease is sporadic in other countries. Infection typically leads to fatal necrotizing meningoencephalitis that most often affects calves <1-y-old and yearlings under stressful situations, including weaning, large concentrations of animals, transport, and introduction of cattle from other locations into a herd. Clinical disease lasts from 1–10 d and often leads to typical gross and histologic lesions that are more prominent in the frontal lobes of the brain. This particular neuroanatomic distribution of lesions results from retrograde viral infection from the nasal mucosa along the olfactory nerves and bulbs with subsequent spread to the rostral cerebrum. Because of its particular geographic distribution, many aspects of BHM are still poorly documented in the English language veterinary literature, and thus a comprehensive review of the disease is warranted. Here we review the main aspects of BHM, including its historical timeline, etiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical and pathologic findings, diagnosis, and control and prophylaxis.
Invariant eigenvalue assignment and uncertainty quantification for damage localization
Authors: Ulriksen MD , Greś S , Nieto PZ , Dahl MB , Bernal D
Published: February 2025

A scheme is presented for damage localization in linear and time-invariant (LTI) systems using static output feedback eigenstructure assignment. The feedback is realized through signal processing of open-loop input–output data, and the assignment is formulated to render an eigenvalue subset invariant to a number of perturbations that define the spatial domain of the plausible damage distribution. For each perturbation, a feedback gain is designed to realize the eigenvalue invariance, whereby the damage location can be inferred from the shifts in the assigned eigenvalues. The interrogation is posed as a statistical hypothesis test with eigenvalue uncertainty bounds derived from an asymptotic analysis of the assignment formulation. Numerical and experimental examples are presented to validate the theoretical developments and convey the details of the damage localization application.
Pilot Study of Bone Turnover Biomarkers, Diet, and Exercise in Elite Female Ballet Dancers
Authors: Bladt Francesca , Varaeva Yurgita Ruslanovna , Retter Greg John , Courtney Alan , Holloway Paul Adrian Hunter , Frost Gary , Garcia-Perez Isabel , Birtwisle Jacqueline , Beasley Ian Frederick Ronald , McGregor Alison Hazel , Abel Richard Leslie
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Elite ballet is one of the most demanding physical activities for the skeleton, making dancers susceptible to bone stress injuries. This pilot study compared bone remodeling in professional female ballet dancers from the Royal Ballet Company with controls from Imperial College London. Methods: The study included dancers (n = 5, median age 29 ± 16 years) and controls (n = 6, median age 24 ± 8.5 years). The main outcome measure was bone turnover, assessed by measuring the ratio of resorption (NTX) and formation (P1NP) markers in urine and serum. Estrogen metabolism was evaluated through 2OH/16OH metabolite ratios. Both markers were measured using ELISA kits. Diet was tracked using 72-hour diaries, and weekly exercise hours were recorded through 2-week diaries and cross referenced with training logs. Results: Results showed significantly higher bone resorption to formation ratio (NTX/P1NP) in dancers versus controls ( P < .050), and elevated estrogen metabolite ratios (2OH/16OH) ( P < .010). These findings occurred despite similar dietary profiles between groups including fat ( P = .874) carbohydrate ( P = .501) and protein ( P = .099). Dancers showed significantly higher weekly exercise hours (46.50 ± 38.75 vs 14.75 ± 11.75 hours/week, P < .001) and lower BMI (18.36 ± 1.35 vs 20.77 ± 3.66, P = .020). Conclusions: The pilot data suggest elite ballet dancers may exhibit an imbalance in bone remodeling with high resorption and low formation relative to controls. This imbalance in bone turnover markers could serve as a screening tool for identifying dancers at increased risk of bone stress injuries. The NTX/P1NP ratio could potentially offer a low-cost, non-invasive approach to identify at-risk dancers early and implement preventative measures. Further research and longitudinal trials are needed to test whether these markers can predict bone stress injury risk.