bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FROM FRÖBEL’S THEORY OF EDUCATION TO CONSTRUCTIVIST TEACHING IN CONTEXT OF PRIMARY EDUCATION
Authors: Prachárová Ivana
Published: January 2021

The study deals with the determination of the theoretical platform of Fröbel’s theory of education and its congru-ence with the constructivist theory of learning and education. Through expert analysis, it clarifies and justifies the essence of Fröbel’s edagogical system as a basis for a modern concept of education that lean towards active and agile process of learning of the children of young school-age. It presents the potential of play and manipulation of didactic material as an eminent activating method that support the authentic cognitive process and leads to the correct interpretation of the surrounding world. This work also examines the value of Fröbel’s theory of education for contemporary primary education. It also documents the contribution and evident influence of Fröbel’s views on the development of modern pedagogical thinking, the implementation of which reflects the need to study and learn the history of pedagogy as an effective way to find effective didactic methods for current education.
AN ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS DETERMINING LAND USE COMPETITION BETWEEN ENSET (PERENNIAL) AND CEREAL (ANNUAL) CROPS IN HADIYA ZONE THE CASE OF LEMO WOREADA (SNNPR)
Authors: Ersedo Alemu Ersino
Published: January 2021

This study is about assessment of factors determining land use competition between cereals and enset crops in Hadiya zone, Lemo woreda. The main objective of the study was to assess changes in land use and cropping pat-tern, farmers’ perception on land use and cropping pattern as well as factors that determine land use competition between cereals and enset crops. A substantial section of this paper discussed the trends of land use and cropping pattern changes since 2000 and the determinant factors of the changes. Attempts are also made to explore the responses of peasants on causes of land competition between cereals and enset. The findings indicated that there are changes in land use and cropping pattern in the study area. It revealed that land use changes in the study area in the last 20 years, 2000 to 2019, specifically cultivated land and residential area expanded by 0.34% and 0.019% annually respectively. On the other hand, grazing and wood lands has decreased by 0.143% and 0.11% annually respectively. There were changes in the cropping pattern. The land use competition in dega area was among barely, wheat, enset and bean, whereas, in woinadega area the competition was amongst wheat, teff, chats and enset. These crops were dominant crops in dega as well as woinadega areas. The major determinant factors of the changes in land use and cropping pattern were population pressure, farm size, profit maximization, access to market, access to extension services, damages caused by wild animals, distance of plots from home, pests and diseases, land ragmentations, physical infrastructure and crop specific input requirements.
SERVANT LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR OF SCHOOL HEADS
Authors: Serrano-Quijan Elizabeth Joy o
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the domain in servant leadership that significantly influenced organizational citizenship behavior. The researcher employed quantitative research design utilizing the non-experimental, co-relational method of research as the data collection instrument. Specifically, it determined if servant leadership significantly influenced organizational citizenship behavior. The instrument used was the Or-ganizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (OCBQ) to measure the dependent variable and Servant Leader-ship Scale to measure the independent variable and was validated by experts. The respondents of the study were the public elementary school teachers. Findings reveal that among the level of servant leadership, organizational stewardship was very high and when it comes to organizational citizenship behavior, only sportsmanship was moderate. There is a significant relationship between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior and among the domains of servant leadership, emotional healing, wisdom and organizational stewardship significantly influenced the organizational citizenship of school heads.
Operation Pedro Pan and the Exodus of Cuba's Children
Authors: Shnookal Deborah
Published: January 2021

This in-depth examination of one of the most controversial episodes in U.S.-Cuba relations sheds new light on the program that airlifted 14,000 unaccompanied children to the United States in the wake of the Cuban Revolution. Operation Pedro Pan is often remembered within the U.S. as an urgent “rescue” mission, but Deborah Shnookal points out that a multitude of complex factors drove the exodus, including Cold War propaganda and the Catholic Church’s opposition to the island’s new government.
Shnookal illustrates how and why Cold War scare tactics were so effective in setting the airlift in motion, focusing on their context: the rapid and profound social changes unleashed by the 1959 Revolution, including the mobilization of 100,000 Cuban teenagers in the 1961 national literacy campaign. Other reforms made by the revolutionary government affected women, education, religious schools, and relations within the family and between the races. Shnookal exposes how, in its effort to undermine support for the revolution, the U.S. government manipulated the aspirations and insecurities of more affluent Cubans. She traces the parallel stories of the young “Pedro Pans” separated from their families—in some cases indefinitely—in what is often regarded in Cuba as a mass “kidnapping” and the children who stayed and joined the literacy brigades. These divergent journeys reveal many underlying issues in the historically fraught relationship between the U.S. and Cuba and much about the profound social revolution that took place on the island after 1959.
THE STRUCTURE OF PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND CONSTRUCTION OF TERMINOLOGICAL DICTIONARIES
Authors: Glogowska Anna , Michalowski Piotr
Published: January 2021

The present article discusses several selected parameters of the terminological lexicon (TL) that are relevant from the point of view of creating terminological dictionaries: its onomasiological structure, the set of semantic relations and the type of the terminological system. On the basis of the results obtained during the analysis of the TL of chemistry, the degree of terminographic relevance of individual parameters in the TL structure is discussed.
FEATURES OF WORD FORMATION IN CONTEMPORARY MASS MEDIA TEXTS (IN RUSSIAN AND CROATIAN LANGUAGE)
Authors: Radčenko Marina
Published: January 2021

The article analyses features of word formation in contemporary Russian and Croatian mass media texts. Active types, models and morphemes of word formation system used in both languages are determined. A comparative analysis of the ways of forming new words shows that occasionalisms in both languages can be created by conventional methods, such as affixation and composition or by non-conventional ways of word formation (contamination, derivation according to a specific pattern, graphoderivation).
THE SPASE OF LIGHT AND DARKNESS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CREATIVE HISTORY OF M.A. BULGAKOV’S NOVEL THE MASTER AND MARGARITA
Authors: Kolysheva Elena
Published: January 2021

This article is devoted to the development of the space of light and darkness in M.A. Bulgakov’s novel «The Master and Margarita». The author explores the different stages and artistic devices of Bulgakov’s work on these images in the context of the creative history of the novel. The article, based on an extensive archival research in the Manuscript Collection of Russian State Library, follows the development of the space of light and darkness through a textual analysis of the whole corpus of manuscripts of this novel
LANGUAGE GAMES IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Iermachkova Olga , Chválová Katarína
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to the language game in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The research aims to examine the phenomenon of the language game in journalistic text and show its effective implementation in the study processes. Language games are considered at different language levels (word-formation, graphics, paremiology and etc.). The article analyzes the definitions of the examined phenomenon and its main functions in journalistic text.
POETIC TEXTS IN TEACHING OF RUSSIAN ON B1 LEVEL (ON THE EXAMPLE OF WORKING WITH VOCABULARY DENOTING PERCEPTION IN THE POEMS OF O. BŘEZINA AND V. S. SOLOVYOV)
Authors: Koryčánková Simona
Published: January 2021

The author of the article aims to introduce Russian poetic texts into the teaching of Czech students on B1 level. The chosen teaching methodology is based on motivating the students with the use of Czech symbolist poetry by O. Březina and a subsequent analysis of a poem by V. S. Solovyov. Work with the poetry of both authors focuses on perceptual lexicon, which plays key role in uncovering the meaning of a symbolist text. Students can thus gain knowledge of polysemous words and their different author’s connotations in an enticing and creative way. This enhances not only their knowledge of the content and language, but also of the aesthetic component related to the main function of an artistic text
VERBAL ASPECT IN TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Valova Liudmila
Published: January 2021

Verbal aspect is one of the grammar “risk zones” of the Russian language. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the reader with the author’s teaching method which makes it easier for foreign students to grasp the concept of Russian verbal aspect. The techniques and recommendations described in this paper can be applied while teaching students of different levels (A1 – C2).
Automatizovaná podpora rozhodování v právu na úrovni gramatických vět
Authors: Michálek Jakub
Published: January 2021

Hypotézy norem složené z více podmínek jsou v právním řádu natolik rozsáhlé, že jejich sestavení je časově i intelektuálně náročné, a tudíž v řadě případů může jejich praktickou aplikaci podpora automatizovaného systému významně usnadnit, zlevnit a zkvalitnit. Takový systém ovšem vyžaduje nejprve model právních norem. V tomto článku explicitně formuluji hypotézy některých právních norem z oblasti práva na informace, a to konkrétně k hmotněprávním důvodům poskytování informací, poskytování utajovaných informací, poskytování informací o platech z veřejných prostředků a vydání rozhodnutí o odmítnutí žádosti o informace. Metodu v úvodu zasazuji do kontextu a dále ukazuji, jakou mají právní normy strukturu, definuji jejich funkční a strukturní vzorce na úrovni vět a navrhuji postup pro sestavení řetězce vyplývání a jeho pokrácení. Popisuji, jak se individualizací, prokázáním skutkového stavu a výběrem z alternativ tvoří z normy argument.
The Zoom-bie Student and the Lecturer
Authors: Wellner Galit ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

As part of the Special Section: Technology & Pandemic, this article exam­ines the experience of teaching and learning via Zoom. I examine how technologies mediate the learning process with the postphenomenological notions of embodiment and hermeneutic relations. This section serves as a basis for understanding the trans­formation of that process into online learning. The next section is named “the Zoom-bie”—a combination of the words Zoom and zombie. The figure of the Zoom-bie provides me a way to critically review the new practices experienced in the spring semester of 2020. After analyzing the variations of the learning process with a fresh look at embodiment and hermeneutic relations, the last section titled “the digital classroom” examines this transformation from an alternative point-of-view, that of the classroom as a technology-saturated background.
Analysis of the weed flora of the anthropogenically modified shorelines of the Danube-Tisa-Danube canal system
Authors: Anđelković Ana , Marisavljević Dragana , Pavlović Danijela
Published: January 2021

Agricultural intensification has, over the last two centuries, led to an overall reduction in biodiversity and ecosystem funcionality of riparian areas in Europe. Knowing that such frequent and far-reaching anthropogenic disturbances affect native plant diversity and given the geographical position of the Danube-Tisa-Danube (DTD) canal system in the Vojvodina Province, as the main agricultural area of Serbia, the aim of this research was to analyze the weed flora along the shorelines of the DTD canals. Field studies were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at 33 field sites distributed along the six main canals of the DTD system. A total of 188 plant taxa, belonging to 137 genera and 48 families were recorded. The biological spectrum of the weed flora was shown to be of a hemicryptophyto-therophyte character, with 37% of hemicryptophytes and 30% of therophytes recorded. Phytogeographical analysis has highlighted a clear dominance of Eurasian species (44%), while high proportions of adventive and cosmopolitan species recorded are consistent with strong anthropogenic pressures characteristic of the shorelines of the DTD canal system. Among the adventive areal type, 19 species which are considered as invasive for the territory of Serbia have also been documented.
Dijagnostika i razvoj funkcionalnih sposobnosti stonotenisera
Authors: Đukić Branko
Published: January 2021

Table tennis is acyclic, polistructural sports activity which requires a high degree of physical, psychological, technical and tactical preparedness of the athlete. In the function of development and maintenance of functional ability high level, variety of methods impose, apply different training means, methods and loads. In this paper are presented laboratory and field testing results of aerobic functional capabilities of best ping pong players of Serbia and Serbian youth team before the European Championships in Bratislava in 2015, as well as exercises that can be applied in the training process of functional abilities development. Dosage, intensity and exercise selection should depend on the level of athletes physical fitness, and the level of adoption and trained kicks, athletes age, training periodization and etc.
Metodološki problemi valorizacije tehnike alpskog skijanja
Authors: Mladenović Dragiša
Published: January 2021

Systematic monitoring of variables relevant for success in performing alpine ski technique is necessary for detection the reserves for better sport results. Knowledge assessment of alpine ski technique, requires from examinees to perform some specific motor ski action, which composition and structure represent elements of alpine ski technique which can define level of mastering of performing basic alpine ski technique. Review the leading literature showed the differences in the grading process (from numeric to descriptive marks, from three-level to eleven-level scale), evaluation criteria, as well as the differences in the number of ski technique elements and the number of judges. Trough the literature review, selection and systemization, this paper, point out the most relevant research which are dealing with valorization of alpine ski technique.
Dijagrama raspodele verovatnoće pogađanja pri izvođenju kuglaškog hica
Authors: Pilipović Milan
Published: January 2021

In this paper we will define and explain a number of criteria based on which we can analyze and evaluate the quality and the current state of the bowlers training. At the same time, such an analysis would indicate the nature of errors (random or systematic) that occur during the execution of the shot, and the impact of errors on the accuracy of the shot. The realization of this is the first step in the right advising by the coach to a players correct shots.
FundaVida: A holistic curriculum evaluation of a non-profit English language program
Authors: Bradley Monica
Published: January 2021

The following document is a curriculum evaluation of an English education program, Syde by Syde, for at-risk youths and their mothers in nonprofit institution, FundaVida, in three urban communities in the South of San Jose, Costa Rica. The evaluation is based on Stufflebeam's Context, Input, Process, Product Model of curriculum evaluation. It provides the organization with a formal written document for potential donors, volunteers, students, and other interested parties about the organization's activities, methodologies, achievements and continuing needs as well as recommendations for future development of the bilingual English education program of FundaVida.
As an educationalist working for a public school, would you send your child to a private school? Private schools in Turkey
Authors: Doğan Soner
Published: January 2021

The rapid increase in the number of the private schools in Turkey provides parents new choices. This also leads teachers and administrators who work for state schools and who are also parents themselves to make a choice between private schools and state schools. In this regard, the aim of this study is to review the opinions of teachers and administrators working for the state schools on private schools. The research method is qualitative phenomenology design. The study group involves a total 136 teachers and school administrators working in schools located in Sivas city centre. The data of the study is collected via a survey with open ended questions developed by the researcher. Content analysis method is used for the analysis, and the data are demonstrated with the graphics. As their positive opinions on private schools, teachers and administrators stated that private schools supports academic success, they are rich in physical environment, they have more extra-class activities, they provide convenience for working parents and they contribute to students' progress. However, their negative opinions are private school fees, not enough contribution to student progress, constant turnover of teachers, and misleading behaviours towards parents. The findings show that, comparatively, the teachers and administrators are more reluctant to send their children to private schools, and besides, they have more negative viewpoints on private schools. At the end of the study, the suggestions both by the participants and the researcher are included.
Marriage in Serbian law and in comparative perspective
Authors: Kovaček-Stanić Gordana , Samardžić Sandra
Published: January 2021

According to the Serbian Family Act marriage is cohabitation between two persons of the opposite sex governed by the law. The same act, prescribes substantial and formal requirements for valid marriage. This paper aims to present a review of these requirements in domestic and comparative law as well. It analyzes each condition separately, giving an overview of their historical development and the way they are regulated today in different legal systems. According to domestic law, substantial requirements are the following: opposite gender, expression of will to get married, cohabitation and lack of marriage impediments. However, there is a tendency in the contemporary family law to reduce marriage impediments, which leads to the liberalization and facilitation of marriage formation. Since marriage is very often concluded in religious form, article also gives an overview of the ecclesiastical rules concerning marriage. Finally, it analyzes and compares statistical data concerning number of concluded marriages and divorces in Serbia thirty years ago and in present time.
Registration of religious organizations: Between collective and corporate right to religious freedom
Authors: Đukić Dalibor
Published: January 2021

The primary focus of the paper is on the right of religious communities to acquire legal personality. For religious communities this issue has existential importance. Denying access to such status imposes impermissible limitations on freedom of religion or belief. The majority of religious communities seek legal entity status, because it is necessary if they want to acquire property, hire personal, apply for governmental permits etc. The right to acquire legal entity status is one of the most critical arrangements needed for religious liberty in contemporary societies. The paper includes analysis of three important characteristics of this procedure. Access to legal personality for religious or belief communities should be non-mandatory, quick and transparent. It should be taken into account that competent authorities for various political or social reasons, made untimely decisions or refused to register religious organizations due to alleged formal deficiencies. In these cases, the procedures themselves and excessive formalism were used as a mechanism to control the number of recognized religious organizations and to deny the status of a legal entity to certain religious groups. In order to prevent such occurrences, it is necessary to protect the competent authorities from all those influences that prevent them from acting impartially and neutrally. There is a variety of ways that the right to legal personality can be provided for religious communities. Registration system should be compliant with international human rights norms and it is important to recognize that registration is not a primary mechanism for exercising social control of religion.
O tzv. policijskom času za vreme vanrednog stanja proglašenog zbog epidemije zarazne bolesti COVID-19
Authors: Milić Ivan
Published: January 2021

Autor u radu analizira pojedine propise koji su doneti za vreme vanrednog stanja kojima se ograničava sloboda kretanja. Ukazuje pre svega na njihovu neustavnost, nezakonitost i druge manjkavosti. Cilj rada je, pre svega, sagledavanje propisa o tzv. policijskom času i ukazivanje na to kako su građani Republike Srbije kažnjavani iako za to nije bilo pravnog osnova. Autor daje odgovor na pitanja kaznene odgovornosti zbog kršenja tzv. policijskog časa nakon ukidanja vanrednog stanja.
Ribociclib and Abemaciclib: CDK4/6 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: F. Byers, PharmD, BCOP Kristina
Published: January 2021

The treatment landscape of hormone receptor–positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) metastatic breast cancer has been modernized by the identification of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors. Because the majority of HR+ breast cancers will develop resistance to endocrine therapies (tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors), newer treatment options are necessary to restore endocrine sensitivity and prolong survival. Ribociclib and abemaciclib are two of three CDK4/6 inhibitors currently approved for first- and second-line treatment of HR+/HER2– metastatic breast cancer. Data from large, phase III clinical trials have demonstrated an improvement in both progression-free and overall survival with the addition of ribociclib or abemaciclib to endocrine-based therapy, establishing a new frontline standard of care. Treatment with ribociclib and abemaciclib provide a convenient oral treatment option that is both efficacious and well tolerated.
Properdin oligomers adopt rigid extended conformations supporting function
Authors: Pedersen Dennis V , Pedersen Martin Nors , Mazarakis Sofia MM , Wang Yong , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Arleth Lise , Andersen Gregers R
Published: January 2021

Properdin stabilizes convertases formed upon activation of the complement cascade within the immune system. The biological activity of properdin depends on the oligomerization state, but whether properdin oligomers are rigid and how their structure links to function remains unknown. We show by combining electron microscopy and solution scattering, that properdin oligomers adopt extended rigid and well-defined conformations which are well approximated by single models of apparent n-fold rotational symmetry with dimensions of 230–360 Å. Properdin monomers are pretzel-shaped molecules with limited flexibility. In solution, properdin dimers are curved molecules, whereas trimers and tetramers are close to being planar molecules. Structural analysis indicates that simultaneous binding through all binding sites to surface-linked convertases is unlikely for properdin trimer and tetramers. We show that multivalency alone is insufficient for full activity in a cell lysis assay. Hence, the observed rigid extended oligomer structure is an integral component of properdin function.
Cross-compartment signal propagation in the mitotic exit network
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxue , Li Wenxue , Liu Yansheng , Amon Angelika
Published: January 2021

In budding yeast, the mitotic exit network (MEN), a GTPase signaling cascade, integrates spatial and temporal cues to promote exit from mitosis. This signal integration requires transmission of a signal generated on the cytoplasmic face of spindle pole bodies (SPBs; yeast equivalent of centrosomes) to the nucleolus, where the MEN effector protein Cdc14 resides. Here, we show that the MEN activating signal at SPBs is relayed to Cdc14 in the nucleolus through the dynamic localization of its terminal kinase complex Dbf2-Mob1. Cdc15, the protein kinase that activates Dbf2-Mob1 at SPBs, also regulates its nuclear access. Once in the nucleus, priming phosphorylation of Cfi1/Net1, the nucleolar anchor of Cdc14, by the Polo-like kinase Cdc5 targets Dbf2-Mob1 to the nucleolus. Nucleolar Dbf2-Mob1 then phosphorylates Cfi1/Net1 and Cdc14, activating Cdc14. The kinase-primed transmission of the MEN signal from the cytoplasm to the nucleolus exemplifies how signaling cascades can bridge distant inputs and responses.
A divalent boost from magnesium
Authors: Laursen Willem J , Garrity Paul A
Published: January 2021

Enhanced levels of dietary magnesium improve long-term memory in fruit flies.
Endoscopic Treatment of Gastric and Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Present and Future
Authors: Jung Sung Woo
Published: January 2021

Gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are not common; however, there is an increase in the incidence due to increased use of endoscopy. Endoscopic treatment has been applied to treat small NET G1 in the stomach and duodenum. For the endoscopic treatment of NETs, it is necessary to evaluate tumor size, depth of invasion, and lymphatic and distant metastasis. This article will review the current knowledge concerning the endoscopic treatment of gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors.
Acoustic cues to individuality in wild male adult African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana)
Authors: Wierucka Kaja , Henley Michelle D. , Mumby Hannah S.
Published: January 2021

The ability to recognize conspecifics plays a pivotal role in animal communication systems. It is especially important for establishing and maintaining associations among individuals of social, long-lived species, such as elephants. While research on female elephant sociality and communication is prevalent, until recently male elephants have been considered far less social than females. This resulted in a dearth of information about their communication and recognition abilities. With new knowledge about the intricacies of the male elephant social structure come questions regarding the communication basis that allows for social bonds to be established and maintained. By analyzing the acoustic parameters of social rumbles recorded over 1.5 years from wild, mature, male African savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana) we expand current knowledge about the information encoded within these vocalizations and their potential to facilitate individual recognition. We showed that social rumbles are individually distinct and stable over time and therefore provide an acoustic basis for individual recognition. Furthermore, our results revealed that different frequency parameters contribute to individual differences of these vocalizations.
Effect of Isotretinoin on Thyroid Function Test in Acne Patients
Authors: Morey Amruta , Madke Bhushan , Singh Adarshlata
Published: January 2021

Introduction: With the rising popularity of Isotretinoin for acne vulgaris treatment, the interest in knowing the effect of oral Isotretinoin on endocrine function and the metabolic processes has increased considerably. Aim: To study the effect of Isotretinoin on serum thyroid hormone levels in acne patients and to study side effects of Isotretinoin, if any. Materials and Methods: In this interventional from September 2018-August 2019, using purposive method, 30 patients (Twenty males and Ten females) between age group 15-30 years-old having grade 3 (20 patients) and 4 (10 patients) acne vulgaris (according to standard system of grading) were enrolled and were started on oral capsule Isotretinoin 0.5 mg/kg/day for at least three months. A baseline thyroid profile which includes serum Triiodothyronine (T3), serum Thyroxine (T4) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) was performed on all subjects before and after three months of continued treatment. p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: After three months of continuous oral Isotretinoin administration, it was observed that serum T3 and T4 values were raised while serum TSH was slightly reduced as compared to baseline values but the difference was not statistically significant. It was also observed that lip cheilitis was the most common side effect manifesting in 28 out of 30 patients. Conclusion: In the study, minor alteration in thyroid profile was observed but the difference was statistically not significant. Thus, it can be concluded that Isotretinoin can be safely given upto three months without any disturbance in thyroid function tests.
Caring for Children and Youth with Ongoing Mental Health Problems: Perspectives of Family Physicians, Nurse Practitioners, Social Workers and Psychologists in Primary Health Care
Authors: Reid Graham J. , Brown Judith B. , Mowat Stephanie
Published: January 2021

Few studies have examined a diversity of professionals’ perspectives in providing children’s mental health (CMH) care, particularly for ongoing-complex problems. Based on interviews with 16 primary healthcare (PHC) providers, care for ongoing-complex CMH problems depended on provider interest and scope of practice. Most providers felt PHC is where ongoing-complex CMH problems should be cared for, where providers can emphasize advocacy, coordination, and ongoing monitoring; few felt able to provide this type of care. A comprehensive approach for incorporating PHC with specialized MH services is needed. Defining a care coordinator would be a clear step toward improving collaboration and care.
Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Studies on Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Frankincense Tree (Boswellia dalzielii) and Leaves Extract of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)
Authors: Salihu S. , Otitolaiye C. A. , Hizbullah M. U.
Published: January 2021

Aim: Frankincense tree (Boswellia dalzielii) and Kenaf (H. cannabinus) are plants abundantly found in north-western Nigeria. These plants are very popular among the locals as potent sources of ethno medicine. The present study investigates the oral acute toxicity potentials of methanolic stem bark extract of frankincense tree and Kenaf leaves, as well as sub-chronic toxicity potentials of the plants extracts on the kidney and liver of Albino rats.

Study Design: Laboratory-experimental design was used for this study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out between September 2019 and November

2019 at Biochemistry laboratory, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Methodology: For the oral acute toxicity study, the revised “Up and Down” test (Limit Dose Test) was used to determine the LD50 of the extracts. For sub-chronic toxicity study, twenty albino rats were used for each plant, and were divided into four groups of five animals each. Group I (control), Group II (received 200 mg extract/kg body weight), Group III (received 400 mg extract/kg body weight) and Group IV (received 800 mg extract/kg body weight). All administrations were given orally for 28 days. Liver and kidney markers were determined using standard methods.

Result: The oral acute toxicity test of the plant extracts at 3000 mg/kg body weight showed no mortality for 24 hours and subsequent 14days of administration. LD50 for both plants is therefore greater than 3000 mg/kg. The result shows no significant differences (p > 0.05) on liver and kidney function biomarkers investigated when Group II, III and IV are compared with control.

Conclusion: This suggests that Frankincense stem bark and kenaf leaves extracts may be safe in rats at doses less than or equal 3000 mg/kg.
Ecophysiological and Anthropogenic Determinants of Phytoplankton Community Structure in Streams Receiving Effluents from the Douala-Bassa Industrial Zone
Authors: Fonge Beatrice Ambo , Tabot Pascal Tabi , Charleine Djouego Sob , Mambo Fru Queenzabel , Human Lucienne
Published: January 2021

Physicochemical parameters and plankton community structure of streams flowing through the Douala-Bassa Industrial zone were assessed in seven different sites. Anthropogenic activities, water accessibility and the different industries located along the watercourse were considered in selecting the sites. Four sets of water samples were collected from each site and analysed for phytoplankton community structure, nutrient, Chl a and bacteria. Physicochemical parameters were measured insitu using a multi parameter equipment (HANNA 8289). Water temperature ranged from 25.27 - 26.840 C. The pH of the water samples ranged from 6.33 – 7.50 while Turbidity ranging from zero - 1000 NTU. The Electrical Conductivity was 495.33 - 261.67 µS/cm and Dissolved Oxygen was zero - 1.11 ppm. Chlorophyll a concentration ranged from 1.2 – 48.96µg/l. Total Suspended Solids ranged from 0.15 – 0.88. Phosphate and ammonium concentrations ranged from 1.22 – 12.81µM and 4.29 – 136.48 µM respectively nitrates concentration was 1.15 – 217.09 µM. The number of phytoplankton species varied between the sites with a total of 68 species belonging to 11 Divisions. The Bacillariophytas were the most abundant with 27 species. The Chlorophyta followed with 12 species. The most dominant phytoplankton species were Microcystis sp, Pinnularia gibba and Nitzschia palea. Site 7 was the most diverse site with 70 species. High concentrations of nutrients and the presence of eutrophic species such as the Bacillariophytas and Microcystis suggests pollution and a need to monitor activities carried out along the water course with respect to quantity and quality of wastewater discharged into the stream. The ecosystem was in a eutrophic state with variations in the water quality parameters. This could be attributed to possible untreated effluents incorporated in the ecosystem. It can be concluded from the study that phytoplankton dynamics in the Douala-Bassa Industrial Zone are directly related to ecophysiological and anthropogenic drivers.
A Comparative Study of Fourier Series Models and Seasonal -Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model of Rainfall Data in Port Harcourt
Authors: Leneenadogo Wiri , U Sibeate Pius
Published: January 2021

This study compares the Seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model within Fourier time series model in modelling rainfall data in Port Harcourt Rivers State from 2000-2014. The time plot of the series showed Seasonality but a not obvious trend. The raw data is nonstationary at the level. Time plot of the seasonal differencing of rainfall at lag12 showed a stationary process with seasonality at lag 12 on the PACF and ACF of the series. The periodogram plot reveals that there exist both short and long term cycles within the period. The Fourier series and the seasonal autoregressive moving average models are reduced to 12month of seasonal component.( ) The Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was used to select better models. The best model is the model that minimises the information criterion. It was observed that SARIMA (1,0,1)(1,1,1)12 models have a minimum AIC value. Hence, SARIMA model performs better in modelling the rainfall data in Port Harcourt then the Fourier series models.
Robotization of Tomato Fruits Production to Enhance Food Security
Authors: Idama O. , Uguru H.
Published: January 2021

The world is facing food insecurity problem due to shortage of workforce and growing world population. Robotization of crop production will help to boost food production, through effective labour conservation. This study was carried out to optimize the performance of tomato fruits’ robotic harvesters, through field practices (pre-harvest treatments). Tomato (Cv. UC82B) was cultivated under four major field practices, which were: control, organic treatment, inorganic treatment using potassium nitrate (KNO3), and combine treatment using the combination of compost manure and KNO3. Tomato fruits were harvested at the pink maturity stage and were subjected to compression test, using the Universal Testing Machine, at three compression speeds of 15 mm/min, 20 mm/min and 25 mm/min. Results obtained from the study showed that, field practices and compression speed significantly (p ≤0.05) affected the failure parameters (failure force, failure energy and deformation) of the tomato fruits. Regardless of the compression speed, the fruits produced with combined treatment had the highest failure parameters; while the control fruits developed the least failure parameters.  Tomato fruit produced using the combined treatment developed failure force, failure energy and deformation of 87.60 N, 701.97 N.mm and 16.88 mm respectively. In the terms of the compression speed, the study revealed that the ability of the fruits to absolved compression force declined significantly, as the compression speed increased from 15 mm/min to 25 mm/min, across the four treatments regimes. These results will be useful during the programming and application of automatic tomato fruits harvesting robots, to optimize their efficiency, hence improving food security condition.
Awareness and Practice of Infection Control Protocol Amid Covid-19 Pandemic in Private Dental Clinics in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Suhael , Alotaibi Khaled Saad Hamad , Binyahya Fatima Abdullah , Albaijan Ibrahim Abduljalil , Alfaleh Nasser Ahmed , Albaradie Saleem Issam , Almotawa Mohammed Fahd , Alshakaki Nidal Tareef , Softah Nada Ameen , Tabassum Nafeesa , Alafaliq Fajr , Alasmari Rana Saad
Published: January 2021

Aim: The purpose of our research was to assess the knowledge and awareness regarding infection control practice against coronavirus infection in various dental clinics in Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: A descriptive survey was conducted amongst 200 dentists. The study was conceptualised in riyadh elm university, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and inlcuded dentists from various dental clinics across kingdom of saudi arabia in the month of november,2020.  A questionnaire consisting of 12 questions was distributed, based upon knowledge of COVID-19, transmission as well as prevention strategies that can be implemented in dental clinics for stopping the chain of outbreak of this pandemic. The data was analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics using SPSS 25 software.

Results: 71% of study participants felt the need for using N-95 masks routinely during patient treatment. An astounding number of participants (92%), believed that there have been significant changes in infection control after COVID-19 pandemic. 65% of participants believed that High volume evacuators (HVE) suction devices, as well as High efficiency articulate air (HEPA) filters, need to be used to control aerosol spread so as to prevent COVID-19 infection.

Conclusion: Dentists in Saudi Arabia showed satisfactory knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19. Improving dentists’ level of knowledge could be achieved through increasing their accessibility to materials provided by dental health care authorities, which specifies the best and safest approaches for dealing with patients during and after the outbreak.
Preoperative C-reactive Protein as a Prognostic Factor in Stage IV Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kondo Hiroka , Hirano Yasumitsu , Ishii Toshimasa , Ishikawa Shintaro , Fujii Takatsugu , Asari Masahiro , Kataoka Atsuko , Kataoka Masahiro , Shimamura Satoshi , Yamaguchi Shigeki
Published: January 2021

Background

A prognosis for stage IV colorectal cancer is generally poor. As a result, the development of an appropriate treatment strategy for each individual with this disease within a limited time frame is important. Few studies have been made of C-reactive protein (CRP) in stage IV cases of colorectal cancer, so it is unclear whether CRP is a useful prognostic marker for this disease. Thus, the purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the preoperative CRP level and the prognosis of stage IV colorectal cancer.

Patients and methods

Between April 2007 and December 2015, a total of 384 patients with stage IV colorectal cancer who underwent primary resection were included. Patients were divided into high (HCG) and low (LCG) CRP groups based on a preoperative CRP cutoff value of 1.0 mg/dL. Postoperative short- and long-term results were examined retrospectively.

Results

The 5-year survival rate was 24.6% for HCG and 36.7% for LCG, indicating the survival rate for HCG was lower. The study was limited to patients who were unable to undergo R0 surgery. Preoperative CEA levels were higher in HCG, whereas the postoperative chemotherapy induction rate was lower. HCG also showed a significantly lower survival rate than LCG. Multivariate analysis showed that CRP levels above 1.0 mg/dL, poorly differentiated histopathology, and the absence of chemotherapy were risk factors affecting overall survival.

Conclusion

These results suggest that the preoperative CRP level may be a useful biomarker for the prognosis of incurable stage IV colorectal cancer.
Self‐Assembly and Mechanical Properties of Engineered Protein Based Multifunctional Nanofiber for Accelerated Wound Healing
Authors: Augustine George , Aarthy Mayilvahanan , Thiagarajan Hemalatha , Selvaraj Sowmya , Kamini Numbi Ramdu , Shanmugam Ganesh , Ayyadurai Niraikulam
Published: January 2021

The present work reports a new route for preparing tunable multifunctional biomaterials through the combination of synthetic biology and material chemistry. Genetically encoded catechol moiety is evolved in a nanofiber mat with defined surface and secondary reactive functional chemistry, which promotes self‐assembly and wet adhesion property of the protein. The catechol moiety is further exploited for the controlled release of boric acid that provides a congenial cellular microenvironment for accelerated wound healing. The presence of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine in the nanofiber mat act as a stimulus to trigger cell proliferation, migration, and vascularization to accelerate wound healing. Electron paramagnetic resonance, NMR, FTIR, and circular dichroism spectroscopy confirm the structural integrity, antioxidant property, and controlled release of boric acid. Fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy reveals the 3D architecture of nanofiber mat, which favors fibroblast growth, endothelial cell attachment, and tube formation, which are the desirable properties of a wound‐healing material. Animal studies in the murine wound healing model assert that the multifunctional biomaterial significantly improve re‐epithelialization and accelerate wound closure.
Catalytic Asymmetric Aza‐Diels‐Alder Reaction: Pivotal Milestones and Recent Applications to Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles
Authors: Vinogradov Maxim G. , Turova Olga V. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: January 2021

In this review, the pivotal achievements and recent advances in catalytic asymmetric aza‐DAR reported up to 2020 are retrospectively considered and their potency for enantioselective synthesis of useful chiral piperidine, quinoline, pyridazine, oxazine and oxadiazine derivatives and fused compounds of higher molecular complexity bearing these pharmacology‐relevant heterocyclic scaffolds is demonstrated. The reported data are systematized according both to key electron transfer modes (normal or invers electron demand reactions) and to main types of attainable heterocyclic products. Of significant attention are an analysis of activation strategies (complexation, enamine or enolate formation, H‐bonding, etc.) applicable to reactions with particular types of dienes and dienophiles and identification of plausible reaction pathways (either concerted or stepwise) over stereoselective cyclization processes. The review contains 310 references and 122 synthetic schemes.

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Use of Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐3‐ylidene as a Platform for Metal‐Imidazole Cooperative Catalysis: Silver‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Alkyne‐Tethered Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Rawat Vishal Kumar , Higashida Kosuke , Sawamura Masaya
Published: January 2021

Silver complexes with 5‐(4‐(tert‐butyl)‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)‐imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridin‐3‐ylidene ligands were synthesized as metal‐imidazole acid‐base cooperative catalysts. Single crystal XRD analysis revealed that the silver atom was located in the vicinity of the imidazole ring and that cationic silver complexes formed dimers through coordination between the silver metal and the imidazole pendant. These cationic silver complexes served as catalysts for cyclization of alkyne‐tethered carboxylic acids. NMR experiments indicated that the dimeric cationic silver complex dissociated to a monomer upon protonation of the imidazole moiety, resulting in coordination of an acetonitrile to the silver atom. DFT calculations supported the acid‐base cooperative action of the silver‐imidazole for the efficient alkyne‐carboxylic acid cyclization.

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Perovskite Nanosheet Hydrogels with Mechanochromic Structural Color
Authors: Yang Wenqi , Yamamoto Shinya , Sueyoshi Keiichiro , Inadomi Takumi , Kato Riki , Miyamoto Nobuyoshi
Published: January 2021

Structural color colloidal sols of perovskite nanosheets were synthesized and were immobilized in a polymer hydrogel film by in situ photopolymerization, leading to a novel mechanochromic material. Visible absorption spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering revealed that the nanosheets are aligned parallel to the film surface with the periodic distance of up to ca. 300 nm, giving the structural color tunable over full color range. The present structural color gel showed reversible mechanochromic response that detects weak stress of 1 kPa with the quick response time less than 1 ms as well as high mechanical toughness (compressive breaking stress of up to 3 MPa). These excellent properties are suitable for applications for mechano‐sensors and displays.
Vacancy‐Enabled O3 Phase Stabilization for Manganese‐Rich Layered Sodium Cathodes
Authors: Xiao Biwei , Wang Yichao , Tan Sha , Song Miao , Li Xiang , Zhang Yuxin , Lin Feng , Han Kee Sung , Omenya Fredrick , Amine Khalil , Yang Xiao‐Qing , Reed David , Hu Yanyan , Xu Gui‐Liang , Hu Enyuan , Li Xin , Li Xiaolin
Published: January 2021

Manganese‐rich layered oxide materials hold great potential as low‐cost and high‐capacity cathodes for Na‐ion batteries. However, they usually form a P2 phase and suffer from fast capacity fade. In this work, an O3 phase sodium cathode has been developed out of a Li and Mn‐rich layered material by leveraging the creation of transition metal (TM) and oxygen vacancies and the electrochemical exchange of Na and Li. The Mn‐rich layered cathode material remains primarily O3 phase during sodiation/desodiation and can have a full sodiation capacity of ca. 220 mAh g−1. It delivers ca. 160 mAh g−1 specific capacity between 2–3.8 V with >86 % retention over 250 cycles. The TM and oxygen vacancies pre‐formed in the sodiated material enables a reversible migration of TMs from the TM layer to the tetrahedral sites in the Na layer upon de‐sodiation and sodiation. The migration creates metastable states, leading to increased kinetic barrier that prohibits a complete O3‐P3 phase transition.