bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observation on the Effect of Rehabilitative Physical Training on Sports Injuries under Ultrasound Image Examination
Authors: Wang Lanfeng , Wang Haoyu
Published: June 2022

In order to observe the effect of rehabilitative physical training on sports injuries under ultrasound examination, this study firstly carried out experiments, induction and analysis of ultrasound examination, and evaluation-related content, especially the diagnosis of ultrasound examination in muscle and tendon injuries caused by various reasons. And the clinical application of treatment (clinical research) is reviewed, in order to provide reference data for clinical stage summary. Then, by determining the fasciculation and location of the tendon rupture injury by ultrasound, the clinic can decide whether or not to proceed with surgery. Small Achilles tendon tears only require conservative treatment to avoid the development of complete Achilles tendon rupture. Finally, 26 patients and 10 healthy adults were examined by ultrasonography, and each subject was segmented to examine 11 muscles, including the tongue muscle. The bilateral trapezius, bilateral biceps brachii, bilateral abductor pollicis brevis, bilateral quadriceps femoris, and bilateral tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated by ultrasound and statistical methods. The experimental results show that if the fasciculation of the Achilles tendon injury does not reach more than 3/11, it indicates that no surgical treatment is required; for those with a complete tear of the Achilles tendon, the distance between the broken ends should be further measured in the toe flexion state to evaluate whether surgical treatment is required. It effectively solves the problem of visual diagnosis of sports injuries.
Enfisema subcutáneo masivo asociado a lesión traqueal posterior a intubación endotraqueal de urgencia: reporte de un caso
Authors: Mix Vidal Allan , Vivanco Aravena Paulina , Arancibia Medina Marcela
Published: June 2022

El enfisema subcutáneo se produce como complicación frecuente en intervenciones quirúrgicas, técnicas invasivas, ventilación mecánica, lesiones traqueales y neumotórax.
La progresión fuera del tórax con afectación facial, abdominal e incluso inguinal puede producir un síndrome compartimental con compresión de estructuras aledañas como la tráquea y vasos del cuello, tal situación se ha denominado enﬁsema subcutáneo masivo.
En este documento se reporta el caso de un paciente que desarrolló un enfisema subcutáneo masivo como signo precoz de lesión traqueal asociada a la intubación y ventilación a presión positiva.
Intubación endotraqueal de emergencia en paciente con estridor inspiratorio y hallazgo de tumor en cuerdas vocales: reporte de un caso
Authors: Mix Vidal Allan , Vivanco Aravena Paulina
Published: June 2022

El manejo especializado de la vía aérea (VA) es fundamental en las unidades de urgencia donde la intubación orotraqueal ha sido la técnica de elección para lograrlo. Una VA difícil se define como una situación clínica en la cual un equipo médico entrenado experimenta dificultades en la ventilación y/o en intubación.
La obstrucción aguda de la VA constituye una de las emergencias médicas más extremas, requiriendo intervención inmediata. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con estridor inspiratorio con criterios inmediatos de intubación donde se evidencia un tumor en cuerdas vocales con obstrucción de la vía aérea.
Persistent Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Tell-Tale Sign for Implementing New Guidelines in Younger Adults
Authors: Liu Po-Hong , Sanford Nina N. , Liang Peter S. , Singal Amit G. , Murphy Caitlin C.
Published: June 2022

Background:

In May 2021, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force began recommending initiating colorectal cancer screening at age 45 (vs. 50) years.

Methods:

We estimated prevalence of colorectal cancer screening (by colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography, or stool-based tests) in adults ages 50 to 75 years using data from the National Health Interview Survey in 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2013, 2015, and 2018. For each survey year, we estimated prevalence by age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, family income, and health insurance. We also compared increases in prevalence of screening from 2000 to 2018 in 5-year age groups (50–54, 55–59, 60–64, 65–69, and 70–75 years).

Results:

Overall, prevalence of colorectal cancer screening increased from 36.7% in 2000 to 66.1% in 2018. Screening prevalence in 2018 was lowest for age 50 to 54 years (47.6%), Hispanics (56.5%), Asians (57.1%), and participants with less than a high school degree (53.6%), from low-income families (56.6%), or without insurance (39.7%). Increases in prevalence over time differed by five-year age group. For example, prevalence increased from 28.2% in 2000 to 47.6% in 2018 (+19.4%; 95% CI, 13.1–25.6) for age 50 to 54 years but from 46.4% to 78.0% (+31.6%; 95% CI, 25.4%–37.7%) for age 70 to 75 years. This pattern was consistent across race/ethnicity, educational attainment, family income, and health insurance.

Conclusions:

Prevalence of colorectal cancer screening remains low in adults ages 50 to 54 years.

Impact:

As new guidelines are implemented, care must be taken to ensure screening benefits are realized equally by all population groups, particularly newly eligible adults ages 45 to 49 years.

See related commentary by Brawley, p. 1671
Underutilization of Guideline-Recommended Mismatch Repair/Microsatellite Instability Biomarker Testing in Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Papke David J. , Lindeman Neal I. , Schrag Deborah , Iorgulescu J. Bryan
Published: June 2022

Background:

In 2017, DNA mismatch repair/microsatellite instability (MMR/MSI) testing was nationally recommended for advanced colorectal cancers based on favorable immune checkpoint inhibitor responses among patients with MMR-deficient/MSI-high tumors.

Methods:

Patients ages ≥20-years-old presenting with stage IV colorectal adenocarcinoma from 2010 to 2017 were identified from the National Cancer Database. 2017 was the latest year with available testing utilization data. Patient, tumor, socioeconomic, and care setting characteristics were evaluated for association with upfront MMR/MSI testing in 2017 using multivariable logistic regression and average adjusted predicted probabilities (%AAP).

Results:

Among 72,830 stage IV colorectal cancers, upfront MMR/MSI testing levels increased from 16.4% in 2010 to 56.4% in 2017. For patients diagnosed in 2017 (i.e., following national recommendations, n = 10,022), testing levels were lower for older patients (Padj < 0.001), and were independent of patients' race/ethnicity and insurance status. Patients from the poorest quartile of households received less testing [49.6%AAP, 99.9% confidence interval (CI) 45.5–53.7] than patients from the 3rd (56.9%AAP, 99.9% CI, 53.3–60.6; Padj < 0.001) or 4th quartiles (57.6%AAP, 99.9% CI, 54.3–60.9; Padj < 0.001). Although testing levels improved most at community programs, they remained lower in 2017 (46.6%AAP, 99.9% CI, 41.0–52.1) compared with academic/NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers (62.8%AAP, 99.9% CI, 59.7–65.8; Padj < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Upfront MMR/MSI testing utilization for patients with advanced colorectal cancer has increased but there is still substantial need for optimization. Testing utilization disproportionately lagged for patients who were older, from the poorest quartile of households, or managed at community cancer programs.

Impact:

Our findings indicate opportunities for improving rates of MMR/MSI testing and reporting, possibly through incorporation into quality control and accreditation metrics.
The Impact of PIK3R1 Mutations and Insulin–PI3K–Glycolytic Pathway Regulation in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Chakraborty Goutam , Nandakumar Subhiksha , Hirani Rahim , Nguyen Bastien , Stopsack Konrad H. , Kreitzer Christoph , Rajanala Sai Harisha , Ghale Romina , Mazzu Ying Z. , Pillarsetty Naga Vara Kishore , Lee Gwo-Shu Mary , Scher Howard I. , Morris Michael J. , Traina Tiffany , Razavi Pedram , Abida Wassim , Durack Jeremy C. , Solomon Stephen B. , Vander Heiden Matthew G. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Wibmer Andreas G. , Schultz Nikolaus , Kantoff Philip W.
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

Oncogenic alterations of the PI3K/AKT pathway occur in >40% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, predominantly via PTEN loss. The significance of other PI3K pathway components in prostate cancer is largely unknown.

Experimental Design:

Patients in this study underwent tumor sequencing using the MSK-IMPACT clinical assay to capture single-nucleotide variants, insertions, and deletions; copy-number alterations; and structural rearrangements, or were profiled through The Cancer Genome Atlas. The association between PIK3R1 alteration/expression and survival was evaluated using univariable and multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models. We used the siRNA-based knockdown of PIK3R1 for functional studies. FDG-PET/CT examinations were performed with a hybrid positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scanner for some prostate cancer patients in the MSK-IMPACT cohort.

Results:

Analyzing 1,417 human prostate cancers, we found a significant enrichment of PIK3R1 alterations in metastatic cancers compared with primary cancers. PIK3R1 alterations or reduced mRNA expression tended to be associated with worse clinical outcomes in prostate cancer, particularly in primary disease, as well as in breast, gastric, and several other cancers. In prostate cancer cell lines, PIK3R1 knockdown resulted in increased cell proliferation and AKT activity, including insulin-stimulated AKT activity. In cell lines and organoids, PIK3R1 loss/mutation was associated with increased sensitivity to AKT inhibitors. PIK3R1-altered patient prostate tumors had increased uptake of the glucose analogue 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in PET imaging, suggesting increased glycolysis.

Conclusions:

Our findings describe a novel genomic feature in metastatic prostate cancer and suggest that PIK3R1 alteration may be a key event for insulin–PI3K–glycolytic pathway regulation in prostate cancer.
Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for the Treatment of Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Single-Arm Phase 2 Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhang Zhanjie , Wu Bian , Peng Gang , Xiao Guixiang , Huang Jing , Ding Qian , Yang Chengzhang , Xiong Xingao , Ma Hui , Shi Liangliang , Yang Jinsong , Hong Xiaohua , Wei Jielin , Qin You , Wan Chao , Zhong Yi , Zhou Yan , Zhao Xueyan , Leng Yangming , Zhang Tao , Wu Gang , Yao Min , Zhang Xiaomeng , Yang Kunyu
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

This study aimed to assess the antitumor activity and safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with PD-1 inhibitor camrelizumab in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Patients and Methods:

In this single-center, single-arm, phase 2 trial, patients with resectable stage III–IVB HNSCC received chemotherapy [albumin-bound paclitaxel 260 mg/m2 (or docetaxel 75 mg/m2) plus cisplatin 75 mg/m2] and camrelizumab 200 mg on day 1 of each 21-day cycle for three cycles, followed by surgery, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Co-primary end points were pathological complete response (pCR) rate and safety.

Results:

Thirty patients were enrolled and completed the neoadjuvant therapy, with an objective response rate (ORR) of 96.7% (29/30). Twenty-seven patients underwent surgery without delay, with an R0 resection rate of 92.6% (25/27). The clinical to pathological downstaging rate was 100% (27/27). The pCR rate was 37.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 19.4%–57.6%], and the major pathological response (MPR) rate was 74.1% (95% CI, 53.7%–88.9%). The median follow-up duration was 16.1 months (range, 8.3–28.5), and the disease-free survival rate at 12 months was 95.8% (95% CI, 73.9%–99.4%). Grade 3 neoadjuvant therapy–related adverse events included rash (1; 3.3%), pruritis (1; 3.3%), and thrombocytopenia (1; 3.3%), and no grade 4 or 5 treatment-related events occurred. The most common surgical complication was delayed wound healing (5; 18.5%).

Conclusions:

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus camrelizumab for locally advanced HNSCC showed high ORR, pCR, and MPR rates, with an acceptable safety profile. These data support further evaluation of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for the treatment of locally advanced HNSCC.
Impact of PD-1 Blockade in Nonresponders: Pitfalls and Promise
Authors: Yoon Harry H. , Dong Haidong , Shi Qian
Published: June 2022

Exploratory analysis of a phase III trial in esophageal cancer found that the patients who most contributed to an overall survival benefit from PD-1 blockade were not responders, but non-responders. The analysis has limitations but may have implications for investigating the optimal timing of immunotherapy relative to other treatments.

See related article by Okada et al., p. 3277
NELL1-Positive HIV-Associated Lupus-Like Membranous Nephropathy with Spontaneous Remission
Authors: Dinesh Kumar P. , Charu Vivek , Troxell Megan L. , Andeen Nicole K.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Kidney biopsy findings in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are diverse, and optimal therapy for the various immune complex diseases in the setting of HIV is unknown. Case Presentation: A man with well-controlled HIV developed nephrotic range proteinuria, and kidney biopsy revealed lupus-like glomerulonephritis with a predominantly membranous pattern of injury. He opted for conservative therapy and experienced spontaneous and sustained remission. Subsequent testing revealed neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 (NELL1)-positive glomerular immune deposits. NELL1-positive glomerular immune deposits were identified in a total of 2 of 5 tested HIV-associated membranous nephropathy (MN), which were morphologically dissimilar and one of which weakly co-expressed phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R). Discussion: This case suggests potentially different outcomes in patients with immune complex diseases in the setting of HIV based on disease etiology and histopathology. HIV-associated MN is occasionally NELL1-positive.
Revision of Archizelmira Rohdendorf, 1962 (Diptera, Archizelmiridae)
Authors: LUKASHEVICH ELENA DMITRIEVNA
Published: June 2022

A new species of the extinct genus Archizelmira Rohdendorf, 1962 is described based on an isolated wing from the Middle Jurassic of West Siberia (Itat Formation, Bathonian). Both previously known species are re-examined. Additional wing venation characters are found for the genus, which support its status as a sister group to the rest of the family. A new Cretaceous subfamily, Burmazelmirinae subfam. nov. is proposed.
Taxonomic significance of microlepides on subimaginal tarsi of Ephemeroptera
Authors: KLUGE NIKITA J.
Published: June 2022

In each mayfly individual, the surface of the subimaginal cuticle significantly differs both from imaginal and larval cuticles, being different on different parts of the body. Most of the subimaginal body, including femora and tibiae, is covered with microtrichia. Tarsal segments are either also covered with microtrichia, or their microtrichia are transformed into microlepides of various shapes. The most usual forms of microlepides are the pointed and the blunt ones. Arrangements of microtrichia, pointed microlepides, blunt microlepides and other forms of microlepides on certain tarsomeres represent good taxonomic characters, which in some cases allow characterization of high level taxa, and in some cases distinguish closely related species. Arrangement of microlepides and microtrichia on subimaginal tarsi of examined mayfly species is given. The following new synonyms are proposed: Afroptilum boettgeri (Kopelke 1980) = Xyrodromeus africanus Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty 1997, syn. n.; Labiobaetis vinosus (Barnard 1932) = L. tenuicrinitus (Kopelke 1980), syn. n.; Baetis parvulus Crass 1947 = Baetis permultus Kopelke 1980, syn. n.; Epeorus gilliesi Braasch 1981 = Epeorus petersi Sivaruban et al. 2013, syn. n.; Dicercomyzon femorale Demoulin 1954 = Dicercomyzon costale Kimmins 1957, syn. n.
Performance of Nanoparticles in Refrigeration Systems: A Review
Authors: Katoch Anirudh , Abdul Razak Fadil , Suresh Arjun , Bibin B. S. , Gundabattini Edison , Yusoff Mohd. Zamri
Published: June 2022

In this paper viability of the Nano-refrigerants as a replacement for conventional coolants in bringing down energy consumption and thereby contribute to the green economy has been reviewed. The influence of the % of nanoparticle concentration in thermal conductivity, heat transfer
characteristics, and system performance in a refrigeration system is analysed. In this paper, the use of MHD and NEPCM were also discussed and reviewed for their useful impact in the field of nano refrigeration. Review analysis indicated that the maximum coefficient of performance, i.e., 18.75%
of enhancement, was observed when the TiO2 nanoparticle was added to the R134a refrigerant. Whereas in the case of the power consumption, Al2O3/R134a gives a 27% reduction in power consumption compared to the conventional fluids. Energy-saving of Al2O3/R134a
nano-refrigerant is more than 5 times and 80% more efficient compared to R134a/CuO. Similarly, Al2O3/R134a is 50% more efficient than R134a/SiO2 and 3.4% more efficient than R134a/TiO2. However, R134a/TiO2 exhibited a 54.7% increment in
the value of COP compared to R134a/Al2O3. Also, R134a/TiO2 displayed 60% and 35.2% of increment in COP in contrast to R134a/CuO, R134a/SiO2 respectively. The analysis recommends R134a/TiO2 as the best nano-refrigerant as its COP is the
highest of all with the energy savings on par with the Al2O3/R134a.
miR-9 Maintains Cell Migration and Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Targeting Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST)
Authors: Chen Jiayu , Sun Ji , Yuan Ye , Wang Haolin , Kang Sihan , Alkhanjaf Abdulrab Ahmed M. , Li Yiling , Zhang Dianbao
Published: June 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and high metastasis rate. miR-9 exhibited different roles in various types of tumors, but its function and molecular mechanism in CRC progression are still unclear. In this study, the expression of miR-9 were determined
by real-time PCR, and it revealed that miR-9 expression varied in normal colorectal cells and CRC cells. The cell viability and migration of CRC cells were inhibited after miR-9 inhibitor transfection, as presented in CCK-8 and transwell results. By dual-luciferase reporter assay, REST was
found to be a target gene of miR-9. And the interaction of miR-9 and REST was verified by real-time PCR and western blotting. Further, REST overexpression inhibited CRC cell migration. These data indicated that miR-9 maintained cell proliferation and migration in CRC cells, partly through
targeting REST.
Two Coordination Polymers Based on Co(II) Ions: Application Value in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy via the Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Release
Authors: Li Jing , Zhou Guohong
Published: June 2022

In this work, two coordination polymers (CPs) based on Co(II) ions, namely, [CoL] (1) and [Co(HL)2(bpe)1.5] (2) (H2L: naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, where L and HL are the fully and partially deprotonated forms of H2L, respectively, and
bpe denotes 1,2-di[pyridin-4-yl]ethane), were prepared successfully and characterized systemically through PXRD, X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis, IR spectroscopy, and EA. The application of the fresh CPs in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy was investigated, and its associated
mechanism was analyzed. First, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway was checked through real time RT-PCR. The content of VEGF that was released into plasma was examined through ELISA. Besides, the cytotoxicity of the CPs on the retinal endothelial cells was measured with
CCK-8 assay.
Differences in Factors Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis Between pT1 Rectal Cancer and pT1 Colon Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cho Sung Hwan , Park Byung-Soo , Son Gyung Mo , Kim Hyun Sung , Kim Su Jin , Park Su Bum , Choi Cheol Woong , Kim Hyung Wook , Shin Dong Hoon , Yun Mi Sook
Published: June 2022

Background

Studies have demonstrated conflicting results regarding factors that predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in pT1 colorectal cancers. We hypothesized that these discrepancies could be related to different factors predicting LNM between rectal and colon cancer. This study aimed to compare predicting factors for LNM between pT1 rectal and colon cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated a prospectively maintained database that included 380 patients with pT1 colorectal cancer from January 2010 to December 2020. Patients were grouped according to whether they had rectal or colon cancer, with or without LNM, and factors predicting LNM were analyzed.

Results

In pT1 rectal cancer, LNM was associated with deeper submucosal (SM) invasion (P = .024) and a higher proportion of poorly differentiated tumors (P = .006). In pT1 colon cancer, LNM was associated with a higher proportion of moderately/poorly differentiated tumors (P = .002) and lymphatic invasion (P = .004). In the multivariate analysis for rectal cancer, depth of SM invasion (≥3000 μm) was an independent predictive factor for LNM (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-27.94; P = .013), whereas for colon cancer, moderately/poorly differentiated tumors (95% CI, 1.38-8.13; P = .008) and lymphatic invasion (95% CI, 1.44-11.78; P = .008) were independent predictive factors for LNM.

Discussion

There were distinct differences in the factors predicting LNM between pT1 rectal cancer and colon cancer. These results suggest the necessity in differentiating between rectal and colon cancer when performing studies on LNM in pT1 colorectal cancer.
Presentation and Outcomes of Otolaryngologic Surgeries in Patients With Mental Illness History
Authors: Al-Qurayshi Zaid , Rossi-Meyer Monica , Shama Mohamed A. , Williams Amy M. , Bayon Rodrigo , Kandil Emad
Published: June 2022

Background:

Describe the epidemiology and characteristics of patients with a history of mental illness undergoing otolaryngologic procedures.

Methods:

A retrospective cross-sectional analysis utilizing the Nationwide Readmissions Database, 2010 to 2015. The study sample included adult (≥18 years) patients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures.

Results:

A total of 146 182 patients were included, 18.3% with mental illness history. The prevalence of patients who required otolaryngologic surgeries with history of mental illness increased significantly from 14.9% in 2010 to 25.0% in 2015 ( P < .001). Mental illness diagnoses included: depression (6.9%), anxiety (5.8%), alcohol dependence (4.2%), substance dependence (2.9%), bipolar disorder (1.4%), memory disorders (1.2%), delusional disorders (0.6%), self-harm (0.1%). Patients with a history of mental illness were more likely to be <65 years, female, and have multiple comorbidities ( P < .05 each). Patients with history of mental illness had a higher risk of complications [OR:1.59, 95% CI:1.50,1.69, P < .001].

Conclusions:

Patients with a history of mental illness are increasingly encountered in otolaryngology service. This study provides an epidemiological perspective that warrants increasing clinical investigation of this subpopulation.
Tribal Migrant Labourers in the Sundarbans: Effects of Migration on prevalent Social, Cultural and Political Life
Authors: Stephan Hembrom Sanoj , Das Ankana , Rahman MD Mojibur
Published: June 2022

A closed reading of the mobility of tribal life in West Bengal can take us to the Sundarbans in the southern fringes of Bengal; where the Santhals can be traced, who migrated from their homelands in the Chota Nagpur, to the tide country (Sundarbans) only a few centuries ago, to clear forested lands and to start cultivating the virgin land. Colonization here plays a very important role, since this migration was a direct result of the colonial barbarity on the tribal populations in the Chota Nagpur Plateau during the 18th century. Migrant labour, though is mostly understood in terms of seasonal migration, in this case, the opposite is noticed. Here, whole tribes migrated, who can also be credited as one of the first settlers in a land which was otherwise the realm of the deadly Royal Bengal Tigers (where no humans lived). In this context, the paper will seek to outline the tribal roots of the Santhals, Mundas and Oraons, who migrated from other parts of the country to the Sundarbans. The similarities in their folk traditions and religion though can be a mere coincidence, believing in which can restrict one from engaging in the fantastic possibility of rich research in the field. This paper will also address the functioning of the tribal labour at that point of time, and how it changed the whole paradigm of migration, especially the notion of mobility. The paper will employ information from several government accounts and journals, which recorded data about the migration of the Santhals to the Sundarbans.
Enhancing the tensile properties of Sn-Zn-Ag lead-free solder alloy by loading MgO nanoparticles and irradiation
Authors: Mohammed Gh , Alruwaili F , El-Gamal Samy
Published: June 2022

Lead-free composite solders has attracted more attention as they are required in the microelectronics industry to assure good electrical connections and the best mechanical response between integrated circuit devices and the substrate. The mechanical mixing technique was used to prepare the plain (Sn-5.3 wt% Zn-1 wt% Ag, SZA531) and composite solder (SZA531/0.5 wt% MgO), while MgO nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel technique. The aim to investigate the effects of loading 0.5 wt% MgO NPs and [Formula: see text]-irradiation doses (0–2.0 MGy) on the tensile properties of plain solder at different strain rates (ε•). The microstructural properties revealed that MgO was pure, crystalline, and had a nanoparticle-like morphology with an average crystallite size of 9.61 nm. Plain and composite solders contained β-Sn, Zn, and Ag, as well as some intermetallic compounds, Ag3Sn and AgZn. Loading MgO refined [Formula: see text]-Sn and Ag3Sn, while AgZn particles were partially dissolved. The thermal analysis reported that the melting point slightly increased from 206.1°C with SZA531 to 208.7°C when loaded which confirms the good solderability of composite solder. The tensile properties revealed that ultimate tensile strength and the tensile toughness increased with increasing ε•, dose of γ-rays, and MgO loading, while ductility decreased. The strain rate sensitivity index ( m) decrease with increasing the dose and MgO loading because of the decrease in the resistance to necking. These results were interpreted based on Orowan strengthening and dislocation strengthening.
Analysis on the evolution of frost heaving pressure of penetrating crack considering water content and migration
Authors: Zhang Shengwen , Lin Hang , Chen Yifan , Wang Yixian , Zhao Yanlin
Published: June 2022

Frozen heaving failure of fractured rock mass is commonly encountered in engineering in cold regions, which is chiefly caused by the frost heaving pressure arising from the water–ice phase change in the crack. To explore the evolution of frost heaving pressure in penetrating elliptical crack considering water content and water migration, a new theoretical model embodying the frost heaving pressure evolutionary character was established by introducing freezing ratio function. The equivalent thermal expansion coefficient was used to analyze the evolution process of frost heaving pressure under the effect of water–ice phase change, which was then verified. It was found that the evolution process of frost heaving pressure can be divided into three stages: free expansion stage of water–ice phase change, rapid growth stage of frost heaving pressure, and stable stage of frost heaving pressure. Subsequently, the influences of rock thermal expansion effect, properties of rock and ice, and water content of crack on the frost heaving pressure were investigated. The results indicate that the impact of rock thermal expansion on frost heaving pressure is extremely slight, which is negligible. Comparing with the properties of rock, the properties of ice show significant effects on the frost heaving pressure, particularly the Poisson ratio of ice. In the case of identical water migration ratio, the peak frost heaving pressure increases linearly with the water content of crack.
A simulation model for evaluating the cargo transfer alternatives in liquid cargo terminals
Authors: Özkan Emin Deniz , Koçer Umay Uzunoğlu , Nas Selçuk , İşlek Özgür , Tüzgen Emel , Doğan Anıl
Published: June 2022

Tanker ships arriving at liquid cargo terminals have to wait for getting service due to various operational restrictions in the terminal. Waiting time is the time passed until the tankers get service after the notice of readiness. The increase in the waiting times of tanker ships causes high demurrage costs. Reducing the waiting times of ships is of vital importance for the operational efficiency of the terminal. In this study, it is aimed to develop a simulation model in which alternative solutions in the cargo transfer operations can be tested to reduce the waiting times of tanker ships. The simulation model has several constraints that can be encountered in liquid cargo terminals, and it can be adapted to any liquid cargo terminal. The developed model was then applied to a liquid cargo terminal in Turkey.
Book review: Krishna Kumar, Smaller Citizens: Writings on the Making of Indian Citizens
Authors: Gopal Meena
Published: June 2022

Krishna Kumar, Smaller Citizens: Writings on the Making of Indian Citizens. Orient Blackswan, 2021, 149 pp., ₹395 (paperback). ISBN: 978-93-5442-080-1.
Book review: Palackal Antony, Nandita Chaudhary and Giuseppina Marsico (Eds.), Making of Distinctions: Towards a Social Science of Inclusive Oppositions
Authors: Lakshmi Priya N.
Published: June 2022

Palackal Antony, Nandita Chaudhary and Giuseppina Marsico (Eds.), Making of Distinctions: Towards a Social Science of Inclusive Oppositions. Information Age Publishing, 2021, xviii+326 pp., US$85.99 (hardback), US$45.99 (paperback). ISBN: 976-1-64802-321-7.
Being in the room where it happens: Leveraging behavioral scientists’ strengths in leadership
Authors: Penwell-Waines Lauren , Myerholtz Linda
Published: June 2022

Studies of leadership have identified several key traits and skills among successful leaders, including honesty, emotional intelligence, setting a vision, effective communication, and interest in providing feedback and developing others. These attributes, in addition to specific knowledge and skills related to health care systems, medical education, and effective team dynamics can propel behavioral scientists to success in graduate medical education. Whether or not it was labeled directly as leadership development, many behavioral scientists have had specific training in these core competencies, creating a potential for them to excel in leadership positions. We outline strategies for behavioral scientists to identify their leadership strengths, areas for growth, and pathways to seek opportunities for leadership within their programs or other avenues in medical education.
Clients’ Experiences of Praying During Therapy Sessions
Authors: England Megan , Klaassen Derrick
Published: June 2022

This study employed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, using in-depth interviews, to understand the lived experience of praying in psychotherapy for clients. Participants were five Christian women who prayed in an individual therapy session. Seven prayer experiences were shared during the interviews. In all experiences, both the client and therapist were aware that the prayer was happening. Five themes emerged from participants’ descriptions: the significance of prayer while suffering, prayer as a moment of intentional connection, deepening the therapeutic bond through prayer, facilitating connection with God, and a changed engagement with themselves. All participants emphasized how praying in therapy facilitated relationship: with themselves, their therapist, and God.
Unmanned aerial vehicle formation obstacle avoidance control based on light transmission model and improved artificial potential field
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Fang Yangwang , Cheng Haoyu , Wang Zhikai , Huangfu Shuaiqi
Published: June 2022

To overcome the limitations of the conventional artificial potential field (APF) method, which is commonly used for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) formation obstacle avoidance control. A novel UAV formation obstacle avoidance control method based on a light transmission model (LTM) and an improved APF method is proposed. First, inspired by the flight of bird flocks, we combine the LTM with an APF function to present an improved APF model which can help UAV find feasible free space to maneuver. From this, UAV can overcome the drawbacks of non-reachable and local minima under the action of LTM. Then, the obstacle avoidance strategy based on the fixed-wing UAV motion model is proposed, and the obstacle avoidance control algorithm for UAV formation is designed. Finally, simulation results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method, which can result in a dramatic improvement in the performance of UAV formation to obstacle avoidance under the complex and non-deterministic environment.
A Case of Human Papillomavirus–Related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma
Authors: Jung Seon Min , Kim Moo Keon , Min Kyueng Whan , Jeong Jin Hyeok
Published: June 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV)–related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is a recently described neoplasm entity that presents only in the sinonasal tract. Histologically, it displays features of both a surface-derived carcinoma and a salivary gland carcinoma, and is associated with high-risk HPV, specifically HPV type 33. Whereas majority of the cases display high-grade histologic features, HMSC paradoxically behaves in a relatively indolent fashion. It is important and meaningful to distinguish HMSC from other histopathologic mimickers as the clinical features and management are distinctive. A 64-year-old woman presented having intermittent left-side epistaxis and progressive nasal obstruction. A well-defined, solitary, friable mass with an irregular surface that easily bled upon contact was found in the posterior part of the left nasal cavity. Endoscopic excision of the tumor which was originated from left nasal septum was done and the tumor was confirmed as HMSC. After surgery, definitive radiotherapy was performed in 28 fractions. HMSC is a histopathological type that has been rarely reported so that we report this case with literature review.
Ensemble correction model for aspect-level sentiment classification
Authors: Zhou Yiwen , An Lu , Li Gang , Yu Chuanming
Published: June 2022

The aspect-level sentiment analysis is widely used in public opinion analysis. However, the problem of context information loss and distortion with the increase of the model depth is rarely considered in previous research. Few studies have attempted to combine the feature extracted from different embedding models. Based on the correction strategy, the ensemble correction (EC) model proposed in this study can correct context information loss and distortion. Based on the ensemble learning strategy and the weight sharing strategy, EC can extract features from different word embedding models and can reduce computational complexity. Experiments on the resturant14, laptop14, resturant16 and twitter datasets show that the accuracies of the EC model are 0.8848, 0.8213, 0.9301 and 0.7731, respectively. The accuracy of the EC model is higher than state-of-the-art models. Ablation studies and case studies are used to verify the model structure. The optimal number of graph convolutional network (GCN) layers is also verified.
A novel developmental trajectory discovery approach by integrating main path analysis and intermediacy
Authors: Xu Shuo , Wang Congcong , An Xin , Hao Liyuan , Yang Guancan
Published: June 2022

As a widely used technique for discovering developmental trajectory of a specific field of science and technology, main path analysis armed with global search strategy prefers longer citation paths rather than shorter ones. An obvious feature of longer main paths is that the theme of documents may not be so coherent, though longer paths may provide more details on the development of a field than shorter ones. Thereupon, a new measure, named as intermediacy, was proposed in the literature for recognising important scientific publications. However, the intermediacy is only applicable to the citation network with one single target node and one single source node. For purpose of loosening this limitation of the intermediacy and benefitting from main path analysis and intermediacy, this work raises an alternative approach for discovering developmental trajectory by combining node importance and edge importance via edge and node integrated modes. Extensive experimental results on the weak signals and education fields indicate that similar trajectories can be obtained through these two integrated modes, and richer implications can be encoded in our discovered trajectories than those from main path analysis and intermediacy. In addition, our framework is able to scale very well to a large citation network.
A new multi-document summarisation approach using saplings growing-up optimisation algorithms: Simultaneously optimised coverage and diversity
Authors: Hark Cengiz , Uçkan Taner , Karcı Ali
Published: June 2022

Automatic text summarisation is obtaining a subset that accurately represents the main text. A quality summary should contain the maximum amount of information while avoiding redundant information. Redundancy is a severe deficiency that causes unnecessary repetition of information within sentences and should not occur in summarisation studies. Although many optimisation-based text summarisation methods have been proposed in recent years, there exists a lack of research on the simultaneous optimisation of scope and redundancy. In this context, this study presents an approach in which maximum coverage and minimum redundancy, which form the two key features of a rich summary, are modelled as optimisation targets. In optimisation-based text summarisation studies, different conflicting objectives are generally weighted or formulated and transformed into single-objective problems. However, this transformation can directly affect the quality of the solution. In this study, the optimisation goals are met simultaneously without transformation or formulation. In addition, the multi-objective saplings growing-up algorithm (MO-SGuA) is implemented and modified for text summarisation. The presented approach, called Pareto optimal, achieves an optimal solution with simultaneous optimisation. Experimentation with the MO-SGuA method was tested using open-access (document understanding conference; DUC) data sets. Performance success of the MO-SGuA approach was calculated using the recall-oriented understudy for gisting evaluation (ROUGE) metrics and then compared with the competitive practices used in the literature. Testing achieved a 26.6% summarisation result for the ROUGE-2 metric and 65.96% for ROUGE-L, which represents an improvement of 11.17% and 20.54%, respectively. The experimental results showed that good-quality summaries were achieved using the proposed approach.
Lingayat Assertions of Identity in Colonial Karnataka: Caste, Census and Politics of Representation
Authors: Boratti Vijayakumar M.
Published: June 2022

In the wider context of how census enumeration has been studied with varied academic interests in South Asian history, this article focuses on how the Lingayats of Karnataka, since the colonial period, received, negotiated and manipulated their hurtful description in the 1881 Census as a low-caste Hindu community, defending themselves against British and Brahmins’ misuse of taxonomic navigation.
Why do you have sex and does it make you feel better? Integrating attachment theory, sexual motives, and sexual well-being in long-term couples
Authors: Beaulieu Noémie , Brassard Audrey , Bergeron Sophie , Péloquin Katherine
Published: June 2022

Attachment theory postulates that three behavioral systems are central to optimal couple functioning: attachment, caregiving, and sex. However, few studies have examined the concurrent contribution of these systems to understand sexual well-being. This daily diary study examined the intermediary role of attachment- and caregiving-related sexual motives in the associations linking attachment insecurities and positive and negative emotions during sexual activity in 149 long-term mixed-gender/sex couples. Multilevel analyses revealed that individuals higher in attachment avoidance endorsed less caregiving sexual motives, which was associated with their own more negative emotional experience during sexual activity. Individuals higher in attachment anxiety endorsed more attachment sexual motives, which was associated with their own and their partner’s more negative emotional experience during sex. However, individuals higher in attachment anxiety also concurrently endorsed more caregiving sexual motives, which predicted their own and their partner’s more positive emotional experience during sex. Overall, the findings support the associations between the attachment, caregiving, and sexual behavioral systems and suggest that engaging in sex as a way to care for one’s partner might foster sexual well-being in long-term couples.
The use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the octogenarian population: A single-center experience
Authors: Salas de Armas Ismael A , Holifield Linda , Janowiak Lisa M , Akay Mehmet H , Patarroyo Maria , Nascimbene Angelo , Akkanti Bindu H , Patel Manish , Patel Jayeshkumar , Marcano Juan , Kar Biswajit , Gregoric Igor D
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Advanced age is a known risk factor for poor outcomes after veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) for cardiac support. The use of ECMO support in patients over the age of 80 is controversial, and sometimes its use is contraindicated. We aimed to assess the use of ECMO in octogenarian patients to determine survival and complication rates.

Methods

A single-center, retrospective analysis was completed at a large, urban academic medical center. Patients requiring V-A ECMO support between December of 2012 and November of 2019 were included as long as the patient was at least 80 years of age at the time of cannulation. Post cardiotomy shock patients were excluded.

Results

A total of 46 patients met eligibility criteria; all received V-A ECMO support. Overall, the majority of patients (71.7%; 33/46) survived to decannulation, and 43.5% (20/46) survived to discharge. Patients who were previously rescued from percutaneous interventions tend to have a better survival than other patients ( p = .06). The most common complications were renal and hemorrhagic.

Conclusions

We demonstrated that advanced age alone should not disqualify patients from cannulating and supporting with V-A ECMO.
‘It’s not just all about the fancy words and the adults’: Recommendations for practice from a qualitative interview study with children and young people with a parent with a life-limiting illness
Authors: Marshall Steve , Fearnley Rachel , Bristowe Katherine , Harding Richard
Published: June 2022

Background:

Healthcare professionals report challenges in supporting dying patients who have dependent children. These parents are often uncertain how to meet the needs of their children and require appropriate support from professionals. There is limited evidence based guidance for professionals around this issue, which is informed by the views and experiences of children themselves.

Aim:

To develop an understanding of the perspective of children on living with parental life-limiting illness and inform recommendations for healthcare professionals.

Design:

Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted, with thematic analysis of the data.

Setting/participants:

A diverse sample of 32 children aged 6–17, whose parent was living with life-limiting illness, were recruited from across the United Kingdom.

Results:

Despite the challenges of living with a parent with a life-limiting illness, the children display agency in their response. The children: feel a responsibility to look after their family; negotiate a relationship with healthcare; employ strategies to maintain some normality; and ensure that the inevitable sadness does not become overwhelming.

Conclusions:

Five recommendations for healthcare professionals were developed from the findings. Clinicians should encourage dying parents to: (1) acknowledge the agency of children; (2) recognise children’s caregiving roles; (3) engender children’s trust in healthcare; (4) maintain some normality; and (5) discuss emotions with their children. Implementing these recommendations will assist parents with a life-limiting illness to provide evidence-based support to their dependent children.
Detection of netrin-1 as a novel biomarker for diagnosis and chemotherapeutic monitoring of lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Song Jing , Ding Xuejiao , Hao Yu , Cao Lihua
Published: June 2022

Objective

Lung cancer has high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the value of netrin-1 for the diagnosis and chemotherapeutic monitoring of lung cancer.

Methods

Thirty pairs of lung cancer tissues and serum were collected. Netrin-1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Netrin-1 expression was downregulated in A549 cells using small interfering RNA, and the effect of netrin-1 on cisplatin-induced lung cancer cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.

Results

Netrin-1-positivity was significantly higher in lung cancer tissues than in paracarcinoma tissues and high expression of netrin-1 was closely related to a poor prognosis. Serum netrin-1 levels were also significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in healthy donors, and were higher in patients with lung cancer before the beginning of chemotherapy compared with after the completion of four cycles of chemotherapy. Netrin-1 knockdown increased the rate of cisplatin-induced apoptosis in A549 cells.

Conclusions

Netrin-1 expression was increased in tissues and serum from lung cancer patients and decreased after chemotherapy, suggesting that it may be a potential diagnostic marker and indicator of chemosensitivity. Netrin-1 may participate in cisplatin resistance by reducing apoptosis, thus providing a new strategy for addressing chemoresistance in patients with lung cancer.
A STL decomposition-based deep neural networks for offshore wind speed forecasting
Authors: Ou Yanxia , Xu Li , Wang Jin , Fu Yang , Chai Yuan
Published: June 2022

Accurate prediction of offshore wind speed is of great significance for optimizing operation strategies of offshore wind power. Here, a novel hybrid algorithm based on seasonal-trend decomposition with loess (STL) and auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)- long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) is proposed to eliminate seasonal factors in wind speed and fully exert the advantages of ARIMA processing linear series and LSTM processing nonlinear series. Moreover, wind speed are comprehensively preprocessed and statistically analyzed. Then, we handle information leakage problem. Finally, STL-ARIMA-LSTM model is applied to wind speed forecasting on 3 time-scales. The proposed model has the highest accuracy and resolution for the trend and periodicity of wind speed, and the lag problem of very shortterm wind speed prediction can be solved. This study also shows that when predicting offshore wind speed, we can handle the strong intermittence, volatility and outliers in wind speed by gradually adjusting time scale.