bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotype and genotype of concurrent keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy
Authors: Liu Siyin , Sadan Amanda N. , Muthusamy Kirithika , Zarouchlioti Christina , Jedlickova Jana , Pontikos Nikolas , Thaung Caroline , Hardcastle Alison J. , Netukova Magdalena , Skalicka Pavlina , Dudakova Lubica , Bunce Catey , Tuft Stephen J. , Davidson Alice E. , Liskova Petra
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To characterise the phenotype and genotype of concurrent keratoconus and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (KC + FECD).

Methods

We recruited 20 patients with concurrent KC + FECD for a retrospective observational case series from the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic. We compared eight parameters of corneal shape (Pentacam, Oculus) with two groups of age‐matched controls who had either isolated keratoconus (KC) or isolated FECD. We genotyped probands for an intronic triplet TCF4 repeat expansion (CTG18.1) and the ZEB1 variant c.1920G >T p.(Gln640His).

Results

The median age at diagnosis of patients with KC + FECD was 54 (interquartile range 46 to 66) years, with no evidence of KC progression (median follow‐up 84 months, range 12 to 120 months). The mean (standard deviation (SD)) of the minimum corneal thickness, 493 (62.7) μm, was greater than eyes with KC, 458 (51.1) μm, but less than eyes with FECD, 590 (55.6) μm. Seven other parameters of corneal shape were more like KC than FECD. Seven (35%) probands with KC + FECD had a TCF4 repeat expansion of ≥50 compared to five controls with isolated FECD. The average of the largest TCF4 expansion in cases with KC + FECD (46 repeats, SD 36 repeats) was similar to the age‐matched controls with isolated FECD (36 repeats, SD 28 repeats; p = 0.299). No patient with KC + FECD harboured the ZEB1 variant.

Conclusions

The KC + FECD phenotype is consistent with KC but with superimposed stromal swelling from endothelial disease. The proportion of cases with a TCF4 expansion is similar in concurrent KC + FECD and age‐matched controls with isolated FECD.
Dynamic structure of posttraumatic growth among victims of the 2021 Henan floods: A 6‐month, three‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Gou Zepeng , Ma Zhihao
Published: March 2023

Posttraumatic growth (PTG) following traumatic events is a dynamic and transformational process. However, its dynamic structure is currently unknown. The study aimed to estimate the dynamic structure of PTG at the nuance level based on PTG measurement items using network analysis. A three‐wave longitudinal study was conducted from July 20, 2021, to January 30, 2022, among the victims experiencing the 2021 Henan floods. The final sample (n = 297) completed reports of PTG after 0, 3, and 6 months of the disaster. We employed the graphical vector autoregressive model approach to estimate extended network models. Contemporaneous network results revealed strong positive associations between domains of PTG in the same measurement window, especially between new possibilities and personal strength. Moreover, temporal network results—the internal interplays among PTG items across measurement windows—revealed that the domain of relating to others plays a central role in the dynamics of PTG. Although other domains predicted an increase in relating to others, relating to others inhibited the development of other domains, especially new possibilities and personal strength. Our study identifies the culture‐specific process of PTG and provides empirical evidence on the explanatory models of PTG and the Janus–Face model of PTG.
Longer time to recovery from acute kidney injury is associated with major adverse kidney events in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Patidar Kavish R. , Naved Mobasshir A. , Kabir Shaowli , Grama Ananth , Allegretti Andrew S. , Cullaro Giuseppe , Asrani Sumeet K. , Worden Astin , Desai Archita P. , Ghabril Marwan S. , Nephew Lauren D. , Orman Eric S.
Published: March 2023

Background

In patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury (AKI), longer time to AKI‐recovery may increase the risk of subsequent major‐adverse‐kidney‐events (MAKE).

Aims

To examine the association between timing of AKI‐recovery and risk of MAKE in patients with cirrhosis.

Methods

Hospitalised patients with cirrhosis and AKI (n = 5937) in a nationwide database were assessed for time to AKI‐recovery and followed for 180‐days. Timing of AKI‐recovery (return of serum creatinine <0.3 mg/dL of baseline) from AKI‐onset was grouped by Acute‐Disease‐Quality‐Initiative Renal Recovery consensus: 0–2, 3–7, and >7‐days. Primary outcome was MAKE at 90‐180‐days. MAKE is an accepted clinical endpoint in AKI and defined as the composite outcome of ≥25% decline in estimated‐glomerular‐filtration‐rate (eGFR) compared with baseline with the development of de‐novo chronic‐kidney‐disease (CKD) stage ≥3 or CKD progression (≥50% reduction in eGFR compared with baseline) or new haemodialysis or death. Landmark competing‐risk multivariable analysis was performed to determine the independent association between timing of AKI‐recovery and risk of MAKE.

Results

4655 (75%) achieved AKI‐recovery: 0–2 (60%), 3–7 (31%), and >7‐days (9%). Cumulative‐incidence of MAKE was 15%, 20%, and 29% for 0–2, 3–7, >7‐days recovery groups, respectively. On adjusted multivariable competing‐risk analysis, compared to 0‐2‐days, recovery at 3–7 and >7‐days was independently associated with an increased risk for MAKE: sHR 1.45 (95% CI 1.01–2.09, p = 0.042), sHR 2.33 (95% CI 1.40–3.90, p = 0.001), respectively.

Conclusion

Longer time to recovery is associated with an increased risk of MAKE in patients with cirrhosis and AKI. Further research should examine interventions to shorten AKI‐recovery time and its impact on subsequent outcomes.
Successful all robotic‐assisted excision of highly malignant mediastinal neuroblastoma in a toddler: A case report
Authors: Ochi Takanori , Koga Hiroyuki , Ueno Hiroyasu , Fujimura Junya , Kosaka Seitaro , Miyake Yuichiro , Yoshida Shiho , Lane Geoffrey J. , Suzuki Kenji , Yamataka Atsuyuki
Published: March 2023

An otherwise well 28‐month‐old girl presented with fever/left thigh pain. Computed tomography identified a 7 cm right posterior mediastinal tumor extending to the paravertebral and intercostal spaces with multiple bone and bone marrow metastases on bone scintigraphy. Thoracoscopic biopsy diagnosed MYCN non‐amplified neuroblastoma. Chemotherapy shrank the tumor to 5 cm by 35 months of age. Robotic‐assisted resection was chosen because the patient was large enough and public health insurance coverage was available. At surgery, the tumor was well‐demarcated by chemotherapy and dissection posteriorly from the ribs/intercostal spaces and medially from the paravertebral space and azygos vein was facilitated by superior visualization/instrument articulation. The capsule of the resected specimen was intact on histopathology, confirming complete tumor resection. Despite minimum distance specifications between arms, trocars, and target sites with robotic assistance, excision was safe without instrument collisions. Robotic assistance should be actively considered for pediatric malignant mediastinal tumor provided the thorax is of adequate size.
Total pelvic exenteration for mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from an implantation cyst 26 years after surgery for rectal cancer
Authors: Fujita Yusuke , Itatani Yoshiro , Kawada Kenji , Sumiyoshi Takayuki , Akamatsu Shusuke , Tsuge Itaru , Okada Takuya , Fujimoto Masakazu , Okamoto Takuya , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Kasahara Keiko , Okumura Shintaro , Okamura Ryosuke , Maekawa Hisatsugu , Nishigori Tatsuto , Hoshino Nobuaki , Hisamori Shigeo , Tsunoda Shigeru , Hida Koya , Obama Kazutaka
Published: March 2023

A 47‐year‐old man underwent low anterior resection for rectal cancer and was surveilled for 5 years without metastasis. Twenty‐four years later, the patient developed an implantation cyst at the anastomotic site. Two years after the diagnosis, colonoscopy revealed a disintegrated area in the lesion, and pathological examination of the biopsy specimen revealed adenocarcinoma. Due to the suspicion of invasion into the surrounding organs, the patient underwent laparoscopic total pelvic exenteration after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. A transabdominal and transperineal endoscopic approach was used for safe en bloc excision of the tumor. Pathological examination of the specimen confirmed mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from the implantation cyst. Although an implantation cyst is considered benign, it is important to suspect malignant transformation when its appearance changes. For the accurate diagnosis of implantation cysts, surgeons, endoscopists, and radiologists should be aware of this disease.
Ubiquitin‐specific peptidases: Players in bone metabolism
Authors: Shen Jianlin , Lin Xiaoning , Dai Feifei , Chen Guoli , Lin Haibin , Fang Bangjiang , Liu Huan
Published: March 2023

Osteoporosis is an ageing‐related disease, that has become a major public health problem and its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Substantial evidence suggests a strong link between overall age‐related disease progression and epigenetic modifications throughout the life cycle. As an important epigenetic modification, ubiquitination is extensively involved in various physiological processes, and its role in bone metabolism has attracted increasing attention. Ubiquitination can be reversed by deubiquitinases, which counteract protein ubiquitination degradation. As the largest and most structurally diverse cysteinase family of deubiquitinating enzymes, ubiquitin‐specific proteases (USPs), comprising the largest and most structurally diverse cysteine kinase family of deubiquitinating enzymes, have been found to be important players in maintaining the balance between bone formation and resorption. The aim of this review is to explore recent findings highlighting the regulatory functions of USPs in bone metabolism and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms governing their actions during bone loss. An in‐deep understanding of USPs‐mediated regulation of bone formation and bone resorption will provide a scientific rationale for the discovery and development of novel USP‐targeted therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis.
Developmental coordination disorder subtypes in children: An unsupervised clustering
Authors: Gras Domitille , Ploix Maes Emmanuelle , Doulazmi Mohamed , Huron Caroline , Galléa Cécile , Boespflug Tanguy Odile , Germanaud David , Roze Emmanuel
Published: March 2023

Aim

To identify subtypes of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in children.

Method

Children with DCD diagnosed through comprehensive evaluation at Robert‐Debré Children's University Hospital (Paris, France) were consecutively enrolled from February 2017 to March 2020. We performed an unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on principal component analysis using a large set of variables encompassing cognitive, motor, and visuospatial scores (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition; Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition; Movement Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition).

Results

One hundred and sixty‐four children with DCD were enrolled (median age 10 years 3 months; male:female ratio 5.56:1). We identified distinct subgroups with mixed visuospatial and gestural disorders, or with pure gestural disorders that predominantly impaired either speed or precision. Associated neurodevelopmental disorders, such as attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder, did not influence the results of the clustering. Importantly, we identified a subgroup of children with marked visuospatial impairment with the lowest scores in almost all of the evaluated domains, and the poorest school performance.

Interpretation

The classification of DCD into distinct subgroups could be indicative of prognosis and provide critical information to guide patient management, taking into account the child's neuropsychological profile. Beyond this clinical interest, our findings also provide a relevant framework with homogeneous subgroups of patients for research on the pathogenesis of DCD.

What this paper adds

Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified four subgroups of children with developmental coordination disorder.

Two subgroups had combined visuospatial/gestural difficulties, and two had pure gestural disorders.

Severe visuospatial impairment was associated with poor performance in most domains including school.

Difficulties in the gestural‐only clusters were predominantly either gestural precision or speed.
Reduction in the prevalence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus in tissue and wound swab samples taken from outpatients attending a specialist diabetic foot clinic 2005–2021
Authors: Moore James , Gooday Catherine , Soliman Reham , Dhatariya Ketan
Published: March 2023

Aims

To assess annual change in prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from tissue and wound swab samples from foot ulcers (DFUs) in people with diabetes between 2005 and 2021.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of everyone with MRSA positive wound or tissue swabs taken from our specialist multidisciplinary foot clinic between July 2005 and July 2021.

Results

A total of 406 MRSA positive isolates from DFU swabs were identified from 185 individuals attending the foot clinic. There were 22 hospital‐acquired infections (HAIs) and 159 community‐acquired infections (CAIs). Fifty‐two per cent (n = 37) of these individuals from 2010 to 2021 (n = 71) had presence of at least three risk factors for MRSA. The total number of swabs sent was 6312 from 1916 individuals living with diabetes. Annual MRSA DFU prevalence peaked in 2008 at 14.6% (n = 38), decreased in 2013 to 5.2% (n = 20) and did not exceed 4% (n = 6) from 2015 to 2021. Hospital MRSA was lowest in 2021 (n = 211), a 76% fall from 2007 (n = 880). Incidence of MRSA HAI from 2015 to 2021 ranged from 5.4% (n = 14) in 2020 to 11.5% (n = 41) in 2018.

Conclusions

Prevalence of MRSA in DFU infections treated as outpatients is decreasing in line with falls in hospital acquired blood‐borne infections and with overall hospital MRSA incidence. This is likely a reflection of the combination of interventions, including stringent antibiotic prescribing and decolonisation strategies. Reduction in prevalence should have positive impact on outcomes in people living with diabetes, reducing the complication of osteomyelitis and necessity for long‐term antibiotic administration.
Fish larvae dynamics in temperate estuaries: A review on processes, patterns and factors that determine recruitment
Authors: Arevalo Elorri , Cabral Henrique N. , Villeneuve Bertrand , Possémé Carl , Lepage Mario
Published: March 2023

Early life stages of fish (eggs and larvae) are particularly vulnerable with mortality rates of up to 99% recorded for a large number of species. High mortality rates result from the limited swimming ability of larvae preventing them from escaping sub‐optimal environmental conditions, predators or low prey density areas. In this context, estuaries are key nursery areas for larval and juvenile fish. Estuarine habitats offer environmental conditions favourable to the survival and growth of early stages, through abundant good‐quality prey and protection from predators. A vast literature on larvae occurring in temperate estuaries exists, but an overall perspective is lacking. The occurrence of fish larvae in temperate estuaries depends on several factors. First, the choice of spawning time and location is primordial, as they have evolved to optimise the entry and the retention of larvae in the estuary as well as the conditions experienced by young stages. Secondly, larval growth and survival depend on key environmental factors (e.g. salinity, water temperature, freshwater inputs, turbidity and dissolved oxygen concentration). Knowledge of the larval dynamics in temperate estuaries is scarce for some topics and biased towards some species or geographical areas. The main goal of the present literature review is to synthesise existing knowledge regarding spawning timing and location and larval ecology for fish species occurring in coasts and estuaries, identifying the main patterns, consensus or conflicting hypotheses and highlighting major gaps. Research needs and future perspectives were outlined.
Temporal‐frequency distribution and multi‐fractal characterization of acoustic emission of rock materials containing two parallel pre‐existing flaws
Authors: Lei Ruide , Tan Yunliang , Berto Filippo , Hu Chao , Qi Xing
Published: March 2023

To explore the temporal‐frequency distribution and multi‐fractal characterization of acoustic emission (AE) signals, a series of uniaxial compressive tests on flawed sandstone containing different flaw geometric arrangements were conducted. The results show that there are primarily low‐frequency and low‐amplitude signals at relatively low stress levels. With the increase of stress level, the components of high‐frequency and high‐amplitude signals increase remarkably. Spectrum width (∆α) follows an approximate trend of first decreasing and then increasing with increasing stress levels. When the stress level increases to 0.8σc, spectrum morphology (∆α0) changes from a positive value to a negative value, indicating that the failure mechanism in rock transforms from microcrack damage to large‐scale shear rupture. Additionally, spectrum measure subset (∆f) and ∆α0 present an opposite trend. With regard to the flawed sandstone, the fracture mechanism is predominately dominated by the microscopic tensile cracks, whereas the microscopic shear cracks in intact sandstone account for a large proportion.
Potential aboveground biomass increase in Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragments with climate change
Authors: Ferreira Igor José Malfetoni , Campanharo Wesley Augusto , Fonseca Marisa Gesteira , Escada Maria Isabel Sobral , Nascimento Marcelo Trindade , Villela Dora M. , Brancalion Pedro , Magnago Luiz Fernando Silva , Anderson Liana Oighenstein , Nagy Laszlo , Aragão Luiz E. O. C.
Published: March 2023

Fragmented tropical forest landscapes preserve much of the remaining biodiversity and carbon stocks. Climate change is expected to intensify droughts and increase fire hazard and fire intensities, thereby causing habitat deterioration, and losses of biodiversity and carbon stock losses. Understanding the trajectories that these landscapes may follow under increased climate pressure is imperative for establishing strategies for conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here, we used a quantitative predictive modelling approach to project the spatial distribution of the aboveground biomass density (AGB) by the end of the 21st century across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (AF) domain. To develop the models, we used the maximum entropy method with projected climate data to 2100, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 from the fifth Assessment Report. Our AGB models had a satisfactory performance (area under the curve > 0.75 and p value < .05). The models projected a significant increase of 8.5% in the total carbon stock. Overall, the projections indicated that 76.9% of the AF domain would have suitable climatic conditions for increasing biomass by 2100 considering the RCP 4.5 scenario, in the absence of deforestation. Of the existing forest fragments, 34.7% are projected to increase their AGB, while 2.6% are projected to have their AGB reduced by 2100. The regions likely to lose most AGB—up to 40% compared to the baseline—are found between latitudes 13° and 20° south. Overall, although climate change effects on AGB vary latitudinally for the 2071–2100 period under the RCP 4.5 scenario, our model indicates that AGB stocks can potentially increase across a large fraction of the AF. The patterns found here are recommended to be taken into consideration during the planning of restoration efforts, as part of climate change mitigation strategies in the AF and elsewhere in Brazil.
Lags in the response of plant assemblages to global warming depends on temperature‐change velocity
Authors: Pacheco‐Riaño L. Camila , Høistad Schei Fride , Flantua Suzette G. A. , Grytnes John‐Arvid
Published: March 2023

Aim

Current global warming is driving changes in biological assemblages by increasing the number of thermophilic species while reducing the number of cold‐adapted species, leading to thermophilization of these assemblages. However, there is increasing evidence that thermophilization might not keep pace with global warming, resulting in thermal lags. Here, we quantify the magnitude of thermal lags of plant assemblages in Norway during the last century and assess how their spatio‐temporal variation is related to variables associated with temperature‐change velocity, topographic heterogeneity, and habitat type.

Location

Norway.

Time period

1905–2007.

Major taxa studied

Vascular plants.

Methods

We inferred floristic temperature from 16,351 plant assemblages and calculated the floristic temperature anomaly (difference between floristic temperature and baseline temperature) and thermal lag index (difference between reconstructed floristic temperature and observed climatic temperature) from 1905 until 2007. Using generalized least squares models, we analysed how the variation in observed lags since 1980 is related to temperature‐change velocity (measured as magnitude, rate of temperature change, and distance to past analogous thermal conditions), topographic heterogeneity, and habitat type (forest versus non‐forest), after accounting for the baseline temperature.

Results

The floristic temperature anomaly increases overall during the study period. However, thermophilization falls behind temperature change, causing a constantly increasing lag for the same period. The thermal lag index increases most strongly in the period after 1980, when it is best explained by variables related to temperature‐change velocity. We also find a higher lag in non‐forested areas, while no relationship is detected between the degree of thermal lag and fine‐scale topographic heterogeneity.

Main conclusions

The thermal lag of plant assemblages has increased as global warming outpaces thermophilization responses. The current lag is associated with different dimensions of temperature‐change velocity at a broad landscape scale, suggesting specifically that limited migration is an important contributor to the observed lags.
Differences in attitude toward COVID‐19 based on internet and social media usage among community‐dwelling older adults during the first state of emergency
Authors: Takayama Atsushi , Takeshima Taro , Omae Kenji , Yoshioka Takashi , Nakagawa Hiroaki , Ozaka Akihiro , Naganuma Toru , Takahashi Sei , Hamaguchi Sugihiro , Fukuhara Shunichi ,   The Sukagawa Study Group
Published: March 2023

Aim

In order to understand the digital divide among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, we investigated the association between internet use and compliance with COVID‐19 preventive behaviors during the first state of emergency in Japan.

Methods

A total of 8952 community‐dwelling citizens aged 75 years and above were asked about their preventive behaviors during the first state of emergency using a paper‐based questionnaire. Among them, 51% responded and were divided into internet users and non‐users. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of internet use for compliance with preventive behaviors.

Results

Approximately 40% of the respondents used the internet, and 9.29% used social media to collect COVID‐19‐related information. Internet usage was independently associated with compliance with using hand sanitizers, avoiding going out, avoiding eating out, avoiding traveling, getting vaccinated, and getting tested for COVID‐19; the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.21 (1.05–1.38), 1.19 (1.04–1.37), 1.20 (1.05–1.38), 1.32 (1.15–1.52), 1.30 (1.11–1.53), and 1.23 (1.07–1.41), respectively. Exploratory subgroup analyses demonstrated that social media users might have shown early adaptation to newly recommended preventive behaviors during the first state of emergency.

Conclusions

Results suggest that a digital divide exists, as evidenced by the varied compliance with preventive behaviors depending on internet use. Additionally, social media use may be associated with early adaptation to newly recommended preventive behaviors. Therefore, future studies regarding the digital divide among older adults should investigate differences depending on the types and content of internet resources. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 289–296.
Clinical role of radiofrequency ablation for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma in an advanced aging society
Authors: Ochi Hironori , Hiraoka Atsushi , Tanaka Takaaki , Mashiba Toshie , Ohama Hideko , Tada Fujimasa , Fang Cao , Shimamoto Toyoki , Amano Michiko , Azemoto Nobuaki , Hirooka Masashi , Yokota Tomoyuki , Hiasa Yoichi
Published: March 2023

Aim

It is unclear whether prognosis differs by age for early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to examine prognosis and recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for early‐stage HCC and to determine its prognostic factors for different age groups.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 1079 patients with initial early‐stage HCC treated with RFA at two institutions. All patients in this study were divided into four groups: <70 years old (group1, n = 483), 70–74 years old (group2, n = 198), 75–79 years old (group3, n = 201), and ≥80 years old (group4, n = 197). Prognostic factors were evaluated by comparing survival and recurrence rates between each group.

Results

The median survival time and 5‐year survival rates for each group were 113 months and 70.8% in group1, 99.2 months and 71.5% in group2, 91.3 months and 66.5% in group3, and 71 months and 52.6% in group 4, respectively. Group4 had a significantly shorter survival than the other groups (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in recurrence‐free survival among the groups. In group4, the most common cause of death was nonliver‐related disease (69.4%). In all groups, modified albumin–bilirubin index grade was a factor contributing to prolonged prognosis, but only in group4 performance status (PS) was a significant factor (hazard ratio, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–3.00; p = 0.009).

Conclusion

For early‐stage HCC in the elderly, preoperative evaluation of PS and management of other diseases could contribute to a prolonged prognosis.
Immune response to mRNA‐based COVID‐19 booster vaccination in people living with HIV
Authors: Malin Jakob J. , Suárez Isabelle , Biehl Lena M. , Schommers Philipp , Knops Elena , Di Cristanziano Veronica , Heger Eva , Pflieger Eva , Wyen Christoph , Bettin Daniel , Rybniker Jan , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Lehmann Clara
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Our objective was to assess immune responses and their influencing factors in people living with HIV after messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based COVID‐19 booster vaccination (third dose).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of people living with HIV who received booster vaccination with BNT‐162b2 or mRNA‐1273 between October 2021 and January 2022. We assessed anti‐spike receptor‐binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG), virus neutralizing activity (VNA) titres reported as 100% inhibitory dilution (ID100), and T‐cell response (using interferon‐gamma‐release‐assay [IGRA]) at baseline and quarterly follow‐up visits. Patients with reported COVID‐19 during follow‐up were excluded. Predictors of serological immune response were analyzed using multivariate regression models.

Results

Of 84 people living with HIV who received an mRNA‐based booster vaccination, 76 were eligible for analysis. Participants were on effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and had a median of 670 CD4+cells/μL (interquartile range [IQR] 540–850). Following booster vaccination, median anti‐spike RBD IgG increased by 705.2 binding antibody units per millilitre (BAU/mL) and median VNA titres increased by 1000 ID100 at the follow‐up assessment (median 13 weeks later). Multivariate regression revealed that time since second vaccination was a predictor of stronger serological responses (p < 0.0001). No association was found for other factors, including CD4+ status, choice of mRNA vaccine, or concomitant influenza vaccination. In total, 45 patients (59%) had a reactive baseline IGRA, of whom two lost reactivity during follow‐up. Of 31 patients (41%) with non‐reactive baseline IGRA, 17 (55%) converted to reactive and seven (23%) remained unchanged following booster vaccination.

Conclusions

People living with HIV with ≥500 CD4+cells/μL showed favourable immune responses to mRNA‐based COVID‐19 booster vaccination. A longer time (up to 29 weeks) since second vaccination was associated with higher serological responses, whereas choice of mRNA vaccine or concomitant influenza vaccination had no impact.
The imprint of autocracy on immigrant political participation: Reluctance to participate or to disclosure?
Authors: Bilodeau Antoine , Dumouchel David
Published: March 2023

The study investigates the relationship between premigration experiences with autocracy and immigrants' participation in politics in the host country. Using a survey of about 2000 immigrants in Quebec (Canada) interviewed over telephone or with an online questionnaire, it assesses two possible pathways regarding the effect of premigration with autocracy on participation in the host country politics. One pathway emphasizes a reluctance to participate where experiences with autocracy would hinder participation in the host country. The second pathway posits a reluctance to disclosure where experiences with autocracy leave immigrants with a lasting hesitation to reveal the extent of their participation. Our findings lend weak support for a reluctance to participate and instead suggest a reluctance to disclosure. These findings raise questions about our capacity to accurately portray the preferences and behaviours of immigrants, here those who experienced autocracy in the country of origin, and highlight the sensitivity of findings regarding immigrant integration to interview modes.
Parent experiences during and after adolescent suicide crisis: A qualitative study
Authors: Weissinger Guy M. , Evans Lili , Van Fossen Catherine , Winston‐Lindeboom Payne , Ruan‐Iu Linda , Rivers Alannah Shelby
Published: March 2023

Parents of adolescents who have suicide crises (i.e. suicide attempt and/or significant ideation) are often highly involved in the care management, treatment and preventing future suicides of their children. How they experience these suicide crises, and the period afterward, has not been well studied. The purpose of this study was to understand parents' (defined in this study as any legal guardian of an adolescent taking on a parental role) experience of adolescent suicide crises and its impact on themselves and the family system. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with parents (N = 18) of adolescents who had a suicide crisis in the past 3 years. Thematic analysis was used with a combined inductive‐deductive coding approach, drawing from Diamond's conceptualization of family treatment engagement for suicidal youth and iterative close readings of transcripts. Five themes emerged related to parent experience: Trauma of the Experience (subtheme: Feelings of Failure); Living in Fear; Alone and Seeking Connection; Lasting Impact; and A New Normal (subtheme: Turn the Pain to Purpose). Parents experienced these events as traumatic, damaging their sense of self. They experienced long periods of time where fear and loneliness dominated their lives. Recovery was both an individual and a family process, occurring in tandem with, but distinct from, adolescent experiences. Descriptions and illustrative quotes illustrate parent experiences and their understanding of the impact on the family system. Results highlighted that parents require support both for themselves and as caregivers for adolescents around an adolescent's suicide crisis and that family‐focused services are vital.
The co‐design of an exercise‐based, lifestyle intervention for people with venous leg ulcers; a self‐care, expert‐supported strategy for a chronic condition
Authors: McIntosh Emma , Horspool Michelle , Levesley Maria , Logan Pip , Klonizakis Markos
Published: March 2023

Exercise is recommended as an adjunct treatment, alongside compression therapy to increase venous leg ulcer (VLU) wound healing times, however, there are no published programmes available that support patients to exercise at home on their own. To develop an exercise‐based lifestyle intervention that is feasible and acceptable to people with VLUs, a participatory approach was utilised. Clinicians, researchers, and people living with VLUs collaborated in the design of “FISCU Home”. Two focus groups and nine interviews were conducted with people living with a VLU. Tissue viability nurses provided clinical expertise. Data was analysed through thematic analysis. Ten key themes were identified and incorporated into FISCU Home: (I) a condition‐specific flexible programme, (II) personal assessment and tailored exercises, (III) tapered individualised support, (IV) short lower‐intensity sessions, (V) chair‐based options, (VI) falls prevention, (VII) accessible resources, (VIII) functional, compact, self‐managed exercises, (IX) a behaviour change strategy, and (X) education. FISCU Home has integrated patients' needs and preferences with evidence‐based principles and theory to create an exercise‐based lifestyle intervention for people with VLUs. FISCU Home could provide a mainstream adjunct therapy in wound care and support the movement towards self‐management.
Addressing health disparities of individuals experiencing homelessness in the U.S. with community institutional partnerships: An integrative review
Authors: Lee Jennifer J. , Jagasia Emma , Wilson Patty R.
Published: March 2023

Aims

To examine existing community‐institutional partnerships providing health care services to people experiencing homelessness by addressing social determinants of health (SDOH) at multiple socioecological levels.

Design

Integrative review.

Data Sources

PubMed (Public/Publisher MEDLINE), CINAHL (The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature database), and EMBASE (Excerpta Medica database) were searched to identify articles on health care services, partnerships, and transitional housing.

Review Methods

Database search used the following keywords: Public‐private sector partnerships, community‐institutional relation, community‐academic, academic community, community university, university community, housing, emergency shelter, homeless persons, shelter, and transitional housing. Articles published until November 2021 were eligible for inclusion. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence‐Based Practice Quality Guide was used to appraise the quality of articles included in the review by two researchers.

Results

Seventeen total articles were included in the review. The types of partnerships discussed in the articles included academic‐community partnerships (n = 12) and hospital‐community partnerships (n = 5). Health services were also provided by different kinds of health care providers, including nursing and medical students, nurses, physicians, social workers, psychiatrists, nutritionists, and pharmacists. Health care services spanning from preventative care services to acute and specialized care services and health education were also made possible through community‐institutional partnerships.

Conclusion

There is a need for more studies on partnerships that aim to improve the health of homeless populations by addressing social determinants of health at multiple socioecological levels of individuals who experience homelessness. Existing studies do not utilize elaborate evaluation methods to determine partnership efficacy.

Impact

Findings from this review highlight gaps in the current understanding of partnerships that seek to increase access to care services for people who experience homelessness.

No Patient or Public Contribution

The results of the systematic review were solely from the articles reviewed and do not include information from patients, service users, caregivers, or members of the public.
Relationships between dynamic risk factors for externalising problem behaviour and group climate in adults with mild intellectual disability in forensic treatment
Authors: Turhan A. , Delforterie M. J. , Roest J. J. , Van der Helm G. H. P. , Neimeijer E. G. , Didden R.
Published: March 2023

Background

Relationships between dynamic risk factors for externalising problem behaviour and group climate were investigated in 151 adult in‐patients with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning in a Dutch secure residential facility.

Method

Regression analysis was used to predict total group climate score and Support, Growth, Repression, and Atmosphere subscales of the ‘Group Climate Inventory’. Predictor variables were Coping Skills, Attitude towards current treatment, Hostility, and Criminogenic attitudes subscales of the ‘Dynamic Risk Outcome Scales’.

Results

Less hostility predicted a better overall group climate, better support and atmosphere, and less repression. A positive attitude towards current treatment predicted better growth.

Conclusion

Results indicate relationships of hostility and attitude towards current treatment with group climate. A focus on both dynamic risk factors and group climate may provide a basis for improving treatment for this target group.
Optimization of test day for milk yield recording and sire evaluation in Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Ranjan Ashish , Jain Anand , Verma Archana , Sinha Ranjana , Joshi Pooja , Gowane Gopal R. , Alex Rani
Published: March 2023

In the present study, random regression models (RRM) were used to estimate genetic parameters for test‐day milk yield in Murrah buffaloes using Legendre polynomial function (LP), with the objective to find the best combination of “minimum test‐day model,” which would be essential and sufficient to evaluate the trait successfully. Data included for analysis were 10,615 first lactation monthly test‐day milk yield records (5th, 35th, 65th, …, 305th) from 965 Murrah buffaloes for the period 1975–2018. Cubic to octic‐order orthogonal polynomials with homogeneous residual variances were used for the estimation of genetic parameters. Random regression models with sixth‐order were selected based on goodness of fit criteria like lower AIC, BIC and residual variance. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.079 (TD6) to 0.21(TD10). For both ends of lactation, the additive genetic and environmental variances were higher and ranged from 0.21 ± 0.12 (TD6) to 0.85 ± 0.35 kg2 (TD1) and 3.74 ± 0.36 (TD11) to 1.36 ± 0.14 kg2 (TD9), respectively. Between adjacent test‐day records, genetic correlation estimates ranged from 0.09 ± 0.31 (TD1 and TD2) to 0.97 ± 0.03 (TD3 and TD4; TD4 and TD5), but values gradually declined as the distance between test days increased. Negative genetic correlations were also obtained between TD1 with TD3 to TD9, TD2 with TD9 and TD10, and TD3 with TD10. On the basis of genetic correlations, models with 5 and/or 6 test‐days combination were able to account for 86.1%–98.7% of variation along the lactation. Models with fourth and fifth‐order LP functions were considered to account for variance with combinations of 5 and/or 6 test‐day milk yields. The model with 6 test‐day combinations had a higher rank correlation (0.93) with model using 11 monthly test‐day milk yield records. On the basis of relative efficiency, the model with 6 monthly test day combinations with fifth‐order was more efficient (maximum 99%) than the model using 11 monthly test‐day milk yield records. Looking into the similar accuracy with the 11TD model, and the low resources requirement, we recommend the use of the “6 test‐day combination model” for sire evaluation. These models may help in reducing the cost and time for data recording of milk yield.
Advances in the role of SWI/SNF complexes in tumours
Authors: Li Ziwei , Zhao Jiumei , Tang Yu
Published: March 2023

Cancer development is a complex process involving both genetic and epigenetic changes. The SWI/SNF (switch/sucrose non‐fermentable) chromatin remodelling complex, one of the most studied ATP‐dependent complexes, plays an important role in coordinating chromatin structural stability, gene expression and post‐translational modifications. The SWI/SNF complex can be classified into BAF, PBAF and GBAF according to their constituent subunits. Cancer genome sequencing studies have shown a high incidence of mutations in genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, with abnormalities in one or more of these genes present in nearly 25% of all cancers, which indicating that stabilizing normal expression of genes encoding subunits in the SWI/SNF complex may prevent tumorigenesis. In this paper, we will review the relationship between the SWI/SNF complex and some clinical tumours and its mechanism of action. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis to guide the diagnosis and treatment of tumours caused by mutations or inactivation of one or more genes encoding subunits of the SWI/SNF complex in the clinical setting.
Editorial Perspective: What can we learn from hunter‐gatherers about children's mental health? An evolutionary perspective
Authors: Chaudhary Nikhil , Swanepoel Annie
Published: March 2023

Humans lived as hunter‐gatherers for more than 95% of our evolutionary history, thus studying contemporary hunter‐gatherer populations offers insight into the conditions children may be psychologically adapted to. Here, we contrast hunter‐gatherer childhoods with those of WEIRD (Western Educated Industrialised Rich Democratic) societies and consider the implications for children's mental health. Hunter‐gatherer infants receive continuous physical contact and more sensitive and responsive caregiving than is typical of WEIRD societies, due to the extensive involvement of alloparents (non‐parental caregivers) who generally provide 40–50% of their care. Alongside positive attachment outcomes, alloparenting likely reduces the harms of family adversity and risk of abuse/neglect. From late infancy, hunter‐gatherers spend their time in mixed‐age ‘playgroups’ where they learn via active play and exploration without adult supervision. This contrasts with WEIRD norms surrounding the need for adult supervision of children, as well as with the passive teacher‐led classrooms, which could potentially lead to suboptimal learning outcomes and pose difficulties to children with ADHD. Based on this preliminary comparison, we consider practical solutions to potential harms arising from discordance between what children are adapted to and exposed to. These include infant massage and babywearing; increased sibling and extra‐familial involvement in childcare; and educational adjustments.
The influence of the pretreatment of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) osmotic solution on physical properties of the material
Authors: Zimmer Aleksandra , Masztalerz Klaudia , Lech Krzysztof
Published: March 2023

The study investigates the osmotic dehydration of garlic in osmotic solution (OS) prepared from tomato juice with the addition of basil extract. Garlic was pretreated using blanching and freezing at different temperatures in order to determine the effect of thermal pretreatments on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration (OD). Moreover, the pH of OS was gradually lowered (with citric acid or ascorbic acid) from pH = 3.5 to 2.0 prior to OD to study the effect of pH on the mass transfer during OD process. The study found that thermal pretreatment significantly affected solid gain and water loss during OD. It was shown that acidification of the OS improved mass transfer between garlic and OS, and the relationship between viscosity and pH of the solution was sinusoidal. It means that by changing the pH of the solution, the viscosity of the solution could be lowered. Moreover, it was shown that the lower the viscosity of the OS, the higher the water loss and solid gain, and the relationship between the two is linear.

Practical Applications

The presented research can be of interest to the food industry due to the results regarding the pretreatment of the raw material and OS that lead to the significant improvement of the mass transfer during osmotic dehydration. It is especially important since osmotic dehydration process can allow to improve the shelf life of the product by reducing the water activity of the material. Moreover, when osmotic dehydration is performed in concentrated juices it can affect the quality of the material by incorporating health‐promoting compounds from the solution. The study found that lowering the pH of the OS to an appropriate degree significantly increases water loss and solid gain. Similar results can be obtained when freezing the raw material at −20°C, which, however, increases the overall energy consumption of the process. In addition, the study shows that other thermal treatments (freezing at −40°C, −80°C, freezing in N2, and blanching) affected mass transfer less effectively than acidification of OS. Moreover, changing the pH of the solution generates much lower energy consumption than the thermal treatment of the material, while saving overall processing time.
Evaluation of marginal and internal fit of single crowns manufactured with an analog workflow and three CAD‐CAM systems: A prospective clinical study
Authors: Sanchez‐Lara Alejandro , Hosney Sherif , Lampraki Evangelina , Conejo Julian , Blatz Markus B. , Barmak Abdul Basir , Ercoli Carlo , Chochlidakis Konstantinos
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This prospective clinical study evaluated and compared the marginal and internal fit of crowns fabricated with an analog workflow and three different computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD–CAM) systems.

Materials and methods

Twenty‐five participants in need of a single complete‐coverage molar or premolar crown were recruited in the study. Twenty‐two completed the study, and three participants dropped out. Teeth were prepared according to a standardized protocol by one operator. For each participant, one final impression was made with polyether material (PP) and three intraoral scanners: CEREC Omnicam (C), Planmeca Planscan (PM), and True Definition (TR). For the PP group, crowns were fabricated with a pressable lithium disilicate ceramic, whereas for the other three groups (C, PM, and TR), crowns were designed and milled with dedicated CAD–CAM systems and materials. Marginal (vertical and horizontal) and internal discrepancies between the crowns and tooth preparation were measured at various locations with digital superimposition software. Data was analyzed for normality with Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Shapiro–Wilk tests and then compared with one‐way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis tests.

Results

Mean vertical marginal gap values were 92.18 ± 141.41 μm (PP), 150.12 ± 138.06 μm (C), 129.07 ± 109.96 μm (PM), and 135.09 ± 112.03 μm (TR). PP group had statistically significantly smaller vertical marginal discrepancy (p = 0.001) than all other groups, whereas no significant difference was detected among the three CAD–CAM systems (C, PM, and TR). Horizontal marginal discrepancies were 104.93 ± 111.96 μm (PP), 89.49 ± 119.66 μm (C), 113.36 ± 128.49 μm (PM), and 136.39 ± 142.52 μm (TR). A significant difference was detected only between C and TR (p < 0.0001). Values for the internal fit were 128.40 ± 49.31μm (PP), 190.70 ± 69.79μm (C), 146.30 ± 57.70 μm (PM), and 168.20 ± 86.67 μm (TR). The PP group had a statistically significant smaller internal discrepancy than C (p < 0.0001) and TR groups (p = 0.001), whereas no significant difference was found compared to the PM group.

Conclusion

Posterior crowns fabricated with CAD–CAM systems showed vertical margin discrepancy greater than 120 μm. Only crowns fabricated with the conventional methodology had vertical margins below 100 μm. Horizontal marginal discrepancy was different among all groups, and only CEREC CAD–CAM was below 100 μm. Internal discrepancy was less for crowns fabricated with an analog workflow.