bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Population, Export, and Capital Formation to The Oil Consumption and Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: Ahmad Farabi , Aminu Zubairu Surajo
Published: April 2022

The paper aims to investigate the relationship between oil consumption and economic growth by including several variables namely capital, population and export in Indonesia using annual data for the period 1965 – 2021. Granger causality employed to determine the direction of causal relationship between the variables where the result can illustrate the ability of the country in reducing the energy consumption and the impact on economic growth. The study note the variable are stationer at first difference and two cointegration exists between the variables. In the short-run, capital has positive influence oil consumption for one and two lag. GDP and export negatively influence to oil consumption with maximum 2 lag period. In the long-run, capital and export oppositely influence oil consumption. The result of Granger causality supports the presence of conservation hypothesis between GDP and oil, GDP and export as well as GDP and capital. Feedback hypothesis confirms between oil consumption and export and oil consumption and population. The neutrality hypothesis exists between capital and oil consumption. Therefore, it can be concluded that the economic growth of Indonesia does not depend on the level of oil consumption. It implies that Indonesia government may impose energy conservation policy particularly oil without fear of negatively affecting economic growth.
The Effect of Profitability, Leverage, Corporate Social Responsibility and Executive Character on Tax Avoidance on Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2016-2020
Authors: Djolafo Salna
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze the effect of profitability, leverage, corporate social responsibility and executive characteristics on tax avoidance. The population in this study are all companies engaged in manufacturing which are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2016-2020. The sample was selected using purposive sampling method with research criteria, in order to obtain as many as 38 companies. The data analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that profitability and leverage affect tax avoidance, but for corporate social responsibility variables, executive character and company size as control variables do not affect tax aggressiveness while the F test results show that the variables of profitability, leverage, corporate social responsibility, executive character and firm size simultaneously affect the tax avoidance variable.
Management of Assets and Follow-Up the Findings of the Audit Board to Increase Financial Performance of Local Governments
Authors: Yamin Ridha , Mas'ud Masdar , Sjarlis Sylvia
Published: April 2022

The dependence of most local governments on the central government in funding regional spending is still a problem in Indonesia. Although the regional autonomy system has been implemented, including in terms of regional financial management, local governments still have difficulty in implementing efficient regional spending. This effort is done so that the financial management of local governments can be implemented efficiently. This research aims to find out the impact of the size of local governments, audit findings and follow-up of the recommendations of The Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia on the financial performance of local governments   This study uses a quantitative approach by testing hypotheses using multiple regression analysis methods in cross sectional data. The study used data from local government performance reports in 2019. The study analyses 406 district/city governments report in Indonesia. The results showed that: 1) There is a positive and significant influence on the size of local governments on the financial performance of local governments in Indonesia; 2) There are negative and significant influences on the findings of examination of the financial performance of local governments in Indonesia; 3) There is a positive and significant influence on follow-up recommendations of examination results on the financial performance of local governments in Indonesia. The results implication is that efficiency of local government asset and follow-up of audit findings of the Audit Board Republic of Indonesia can improve the financial performance of local governments.
What Determines the Choice Between Sukuk vs Bonds?
Authors: Kusuma Wardhana Ryan , Heru Rahmat
Published: April 2022

Funding for investments that can be obtained from various alternative sources of financing. However, the ideal funding desired by the investment manager is the most profitable funding and in line with the company's goals. Conventional bonds have long been a popular choice of management, while Islamic bonds tend not to be well recognized by management. In that, Islamic bonds have various advantages that can provide benefits to management.  This study aims to investigate factors that determine public listed corporations in 3-ASEAN nations' decisions to issue corporate bonds or sukuk. For a sample of 124 sukuk and bonds issued between 2012 and 2017, we examine the influence of free cash flow as a proxy for agency cost, growth, and leverage on the decision between bond and sukuk issuance. According to the findings of binary logistic regression, firms with high free cash flow and leverage choose sukuk over conventional bonds. Firms with stronger growth, on the other hand, choose conventional bonds over sukuk. Our findings are consistent with the agency's cost-cutting strategy for free cash flow. The research has the implication that conventional bonds are preferred by fast growing companies.
Prevalence of Neurological and Non-neurological Complaints Among Patients Visiting the Emergency Department with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-sectional Study in Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Authors: Dadlani Parinaz , Payandemehr Pooya , Abdollahi Atefeh , Farham Fatemeh
Published: April 2022

Background: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) visit Emergency Departments (ED) due to both neurological and non-neurological symptoms. Objectives: Our main aim was to study some epidemiologic features of the ED visits of MS cases in a referral hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 22 September 2018 - 21 September 2019 in Sina Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Admission causes were divided into two categories: patients admitted because of neurological complaints (MS true attacks and pseudo attacks) and patients admitted due to non-neurological reasons that may or may not be related to the disease. To compare the differences between the two categories, t and χ2 tests were used. Results: A total of 375 visits by 346 MS patients were reviewed. We observed that 239 (63.7%) visits were due to neurologic complaints, of which 213 (89.1%) were diagnosed with true MS relapses. Moreover, 136 visits were because of non-neurologic complaints, with urinary tract infection (UTI) being the most common complaint. The patients with MS visiting the ED were mostly female, though there was no significant difference between men and women diagnosed with true relapses (P = 0.154). Patients with neurologic symptoms were significantly younger than those with non-neurologic symptoms (P = 0.007). Our findings showed that 90% of patients with neurological symptoms underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the yield of MRI was about 50%. Furthermore, the duration of admission was significantly higher in patients with neurological symptoms (P < 0.001). Conclusions: MS relapse was the most frequent cause of ED visits by individuals with MS. There were also many ED visits by MS patients due to non-neurological causes, and the UTI was the most prevalent chief complaint.
The Effect of Pimpinella anisum on Treatment and Recurrence of Menopausal Hot Flashes: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group Clinical Trial
Authors: Zare Elham , Nahidi Fatemeh , Mojab Faraz , Alavi Majd Hamid
Published: April 2022

Background: Considering the high prevalence of hot flashes and the controversies in its treatments, the present study evaluated the effect of Pimpinella anisum extract on the treatment and recurrence of hot flashes in women referred to the health centers of medical sciences universities in Tehran, Iran in 2019. Methods: The present double-blind controlled parallel-group clinical trial included 72 menopausal women with chief complaint of hot flashes. The participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n = 36 each) of experimental (receiving three P. anisum capsules) and control. The severity and frequency of hot flashes were measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before the treatment, eight weeks after the treatment, and four weeks after discontinuation of the medication. The data of patients, including their diet, were recorded in the questionnaires and information forms. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19, and the intra-group results were analyzed using the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Also, to compare the scores between the groups, t-test, and Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon (MWW) were used. Results: The frequency of hot flashes in the P. anisum group was 7.89 ± 5.67 before the treatment, 1.04 ± 1.24 eight weeks after the treatment, and 4.21 ± 2.03 in the four-week follow-up period. The severity of hot flashes among the P. anisum group was 11.50 ± 9.78, 1.90 ± 2.77, and 5.78 ± 1.92 before the treatment, eight weeks after the treatment, and four-week follow-up (P = 0.001), respectively. However, the severity and frequency of hot flashes did not change significantly in the placebo group (P = 0.75). No side effects were seen in any of the groups. Conclusions: Pimpinella anisum was effective in reducing the frequency and severity of hot flashes.
Best Practices in CD30 Immunohistochemistry Testing, Interpretation, and Reporting: An Expert Panel Consensus
Authors: Gru Alejandro A. , Lim Megan S. , Dogan Ahmet , Horwitz Steven M. , Delabie Jan , Fu Kai , Peker Deniz , Reddy Vishnu V. B. , Xu Mina L. , Vij Kiran , Slack Graham W. , Miranda Roberto N. , Jagadeesh Deepa , Lisano Julie M. , Hsi Eric D. , Torlakovic Emina
Published: April 2022

Context.—

Although CD30 testing is an established tool in the diagnostic workup of lymphomas, it is also emerging as a predictive biomarker that informs treatment. The current definition of CD30 positivity by immunohistochemistry is descriptive and based on reactivity in lymphomas that are defined by their universal strong expression of CD30, rather than any established threshold. Challenges include inconsistencies with preanalytic variables, tissue processing, pathologist readout, and with the pathologist and oncologist interpretation of reported results.

Objective.—

To develop and propose general best practice recommendations for reporting CD30 expression by immunohistochemistry in lymphoma biopsies to harmonize practices across institutions and facilitate assessment of its significance in clinical decision-making.

Design.—

Following literature review and group discussion, the panel of 14 academic hematopathologists and 2 clinical/academic hematologists/oncologists divided into 3 working groups. Each working group was tasked with assessing CD30 testing by immunohistochemistry, CD30 expression readout, or CD30 expression interpretation.

Results.—

Panel recommendations were reviewed and discussed. An online survey was conducted to confirm the consensus recommendations.

Conclusions.—

CD30 immunohistochemistry is required for all patients in whom classic Hodgkin lymphoma and any lymphoma within the spectrum of peripheral T-cell lymphoma are differential diagnostic considerations. The panel reinforced and summarized that immunohistochemistry is the preferred methodology and any degree of CD30 expression should be reported. For diagnostic purposes, the interpretation of CD30 expression should follow published guidelines. To inform therapeutic decisions, report estimated percent positive expression in tumor cells (or total cells where applicable) and record descriptively if nontumor cells are positive.
High-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm: Clinicopathologic Findings in 35 Cases
Authors: Gonzalez Raul S. , Carr Norman J. , Liao Haihui , Pai Reetesh K. , Agostini-Vulaj Diana , Misdraji Joseph
Published: April 2022

Context.—

High-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (HAMN) is a relatively recently introduced term describing a rare epithelial neoplasm of the appendix that demonstrates pushing-type invasion but high-grade cytologic atypia. It remains understudied.

Objective.—

To describe clinicopathologic features of HAMNs.

Design.—

We identified 35 HAMNs in a multi-institutional retrospective study. Clinical and histologic features were reviewed in all cases, as well as molecular features in 8 cases.

Results.—

Patients were 57 years of age on average and most commonly presented with abdominal/pelvic pain. Histologically, 57% of the tumors showed widespread high-grade features. Architectural patterns in high-grade areas included flat, undulating, or villous growth, and occasionally micropapillary, cribriform, or multilayered growth. Thirteen cases had intact serosa, and the remaining 22 perforated the serosa, including 7 with peritoneal acellular mucin beyond appendiceal serosa and 10 with grade 2 pseudomyxoma peritonei. Molecular abnormalities included KRAS mutations in 7 cases and TP53 mutations in 4. No tumor confined to the appendix recurred. Two patients without pseudomyxoma peritonei at initial presentation developed pseudomyxoma on follow-up. Among 11 patients who presented with pseudomyxoma peritonei, 5 died of disease and 3 were alive with disease at last follow-up.

Conclusions.—

HAMNs have a similar presentation to low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, and similar stage-based prognosis. When they spread to the peritoneum, they typically produce grade 2 pseudomyxoma peritonei, which may be associated with a worse prognosis than classical grade 1 pseudomyxoma peritonei.
“Um Satélite na Cabeça”: possibilidades de linguagens audiovisuais à distância em contexto de pandemia
Authors: Macedo Vítor , Rueda Laura Marcela Ribero , Sant'Anna Denise Blanco
Published: April 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma investigação sobre algumas possibilidades das linguagens audiovisuais em ambiente de ensino remoto. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados voltados à arte/educação e a linguagens audiovisuais foram Albuquerque (2012), Base Nacional Comum Curricular (2018), Barbosa (2000), Barbosa e Amaral (2008), Fernandes, Henn e Kist (2020), Peruzzo (2018), Pimentel (2011), Rachel (2014), dentre outros. O estudo foi realizado durante a pandemia da COVID-19, no primeiro semestre de 2020, em uma escola comunitária na região do Vale dos Sinos. Por conta das restrições de distanciamento social para evitar a transmissão do vírus, os encontros com alunos do Ensino Médio aconteceram por meio do ensino remoto. O ano escolhido para desenvolver práticas e propostas voltadas ao ensino de linguagens audiovisuais foi o terceiro ano, os alunos possuíam autonomia para participar ou não dos encontros. Ao todo, foram cumpridas quatro aulas em ambiente online, nas quais foram elaborados conceitos e práticas de linguagens audiovisuais com os educandos. Foi possível concluir, através dos dados coletados nesta pesquisa, a importância de repensar e adaptar o modo de ensinar em ambientes remotos. Abrangendo o amplo repertório de consumo e ferramentas para produção de materiais artísticos audiovisuais que, quando proporcionados aos educandos, atuam como potencializadores do seu fazer artístico. As produções dos estudantes não foram os únicos materiais considerados para a reflexão e a construção desta pesquisa, mas também os momentos e trocas realizadas ao longo dos encontros.
Leaf litterfall, decomposition and nutrients release in a Seasonal Semideciduous Forest in Southern Brazil
Authors: Lagemann Monique Pimentel , Vogel Hamilton Luiz Munari , Vieira Frederico Costa Beber , Lorentz Leandro Homrich , Schumacher Mauro Valdir , Dick Grasiele
Published: April 2022

Biogeochemical cycling study of ecosystems and their functioning are fundamental for planning conservation practices and management of forest remnants in Brazil. The objective of the study was to characterize the leaf litterfall production rate and the nutrients release via decomposition in a fragment of Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, in Southern Brazil, in advanced stage of regeneration. For two years, evaluations of litterfall and leaf litter decomposition (using the mass loss method with litterbags) were performed monthly, as well as their nutrient content analysis. Annual input of leaf litterfall was 4,532.7 kg ha-1 of dry matter, which promoted, for the two-year period, a supply of 195.5, 9.2 and 55.3 kg ha-1 of N, P and K, respectively. The litter nutrients use efficiency followed the decreasing order P > K > N. The annual decomposition constant for leaf litter was 1.16, reaching a half-life at 215 days, making 84.4% N, 72.7% P and 92.9% K available at the decomposition end of two years. In the two years of collection, the largest deposition rate of litter occurred in the spring, with the highest peak in October, indicating a seasonal deposition behavior. The forest fragment presents high production of leaf litter (66% leaves) and input of N. The rapid decomposition of leaf litter contributes to the release of nutrients over time, N and K initially, and P in the long run. P is limited due to the high efficiency of its use.
Hypoxic training in natural and artificial altitude
Authors: Treff G , Sareban M , Schmidt WFJ
Published: April 2022

Many endurance athletes aim to increase endurance performance at or near sea-level by hypoxic training, which can be realized in natural or artificial altitude via three main concepts: living and training in hypoxia, living in hypoxia and training in normoxia, or living in normoxia and training in hypoxia. The scientific evidence for these concepts is surprisingly unclear, although several ergogenic adaptations to hypoxic training are well described. Hematologic acclimatization through an increase in hemoglobin mass is often considered the most important factor. But hematologic acclimatization does not explain the performance increase found by some studies, indicating other mechanisms and confounders determine successful training adaptation. This clinical review briefly summarizes the current, conflicting knowledge, lists confounders potentially influencing the outcome, and provides some practical guidance to coaches and clinicians for monitoring and optimizing hypoxic training as far as covered by evidence.
Playing King
Authors: Berlova Maria
Published: April 2022

The Swedish King Gustav III ruled from 1771 to 1792. His departure to the Russian war in1788 was staged as a grandiose spectacle. The King, who was also a playwright, made the dayof his departure coincide with the symbolic date of June 23. This was the date that Gustav IIAdolph (ruled 1611-32) went off to the Thirty Years' War in 1628. The parallel betweenGustav III and the great Swedish warrior King was further emphasized by his costume made inthe style of Gustav Adolph. In this article, the author analyzes Gustav III's departure to war as atheatrical event and explores the borders of theatrical events in the late eighteenth century.Gustav III's ceremonial departure is placed in the framework of Nikolai Evreinov's and YuriLotman's theories of theatricality which show how the King applied theatrical means toeveryday life in order to theatricalize it, i.e. to make it spectacular and symbolic. Bythe atricalizing life Gustav III idealized his role of king and thus performed his power.Theatricalization of political life not only adorned life but it also significantly changed reality;the theatrical playing of the King entailed real consequences - Gustav III enacted his role of amonarch in a memorabl eway and achieved his political goals. The interaction between politicsand theater is the main focus of the article. The author also explores the poetics of theatricalplaying in politics. Obviously, the relation between the King-performer and hissubjects-spectators was different from the usual actor-spectator relation in the traditionaltheater. During the communication of the King-performer and his subjects-spectators thepolitical context was of significant importance; the main purpose of such communication waspolitical propaganda. As a result of his ceremonial departure and, eventually, thetheatricalization of war, the King succeded in becoming a national hero among the simplepeople, which proves the efficacy of theatrical means.
Digital Enchantment of Drottningholm
Authors: Sauter Willmar
Published: April 2022

How can we relate to a historical playing culture? In this essay, a counter-factual visit to thepalaces and parks of Drottningholm outside Stockholm is presented. By means of digitaltechnologies, this World Heritage Site could be animated with historical figures from theeighteenth century, thus giving a living picture of past playing. Even though such an encounterwith the past is fully possible from a technical point of view, the realization of this projectposes a number of practical and theoretical questions: How can the picture ofeighteenth-century court life be broadened to include social perspectives of class, gender andethnicity? What artistic decisions have to be taken to visualize the activities around the parkand in the palace? What forms of interactions provided by the technology are suitable forvarious groups of visitors? Some answers to these questions are hinted at in this essay, but thegeneral question of a poetics of playing remains in the abyss between the historical period andthe contemporary access to it. Neither Friedrich von Schiller's treatise on the aestheticeducation of man nor Emanuel Kant's rational view of judgment bridge the gap of historicaldistance. Could Hans-Georg Gadamer's idea of the melting of historical horizons ever becomea reality in the experiences of future visitors? Eventually, this project might only provide somepleasures of a poetry of playing.
A bidirectional switch in the Shank3 phosphorylation state biases synapses toward up- or downscaling
Authors: Wu Chi-Hong , Tatavarty Vedakumar , Jean Beltran Pierre M , Guerrero Andrea A , Keshishian Hasmik , Krug Karsten , MacMullan Melanie A , Li Li , Carr Steven A , Cottrell Jeffrey R , Turrigiano Gina G
Published: April 2022

Homeostatic synaptic plasticity requires widespread remodeling of synaptic signaling and scaffolding networks, but the role of post-translational modifications in this process has not been systematically studied. Using deep-scale quantitative analysis of the phosphoproteome in mouse neocortical neurons, we found widespread and temporally complex changes during synaptic scaling up and down. We observed 424 bidirectionally modulated phosphosites that were strongly enriched for synapse-associated proteins, including S1539 in the autism spectrum disorder-associated synaptic scaffold protein Shank3. Using a parallel proteomic analysis performed on Shank3 isolated from rat neocortical neurons by immunoaffinity, we identified two sites that were persistently hypophosphorylated during scaling up and transiently hyperphosphorylated during scaling down: one (rat S1615) that corresponded to S1539 in mouse, and a second highly conserved site, rat S1586. The phosphorylation status of these sites modified the synaptic localization of Shank3 during scaling protocols, and dephosphorylation of these sites via PP2A activity was essential for the maintenance of synaptic scaling up. Finally, phosphomimetic mutations at these sites prevented scaling up but not down, while phosphodeficient mutations prevented scaling down but not up. These mutations did not impact baseline synaptic strength, indicating that they gate, rather than drive, the induction of synaptic scaling. Thus, an activity-dependent switch between hypo- and hyperphosphorylation at S1586 and S1615 of Shank3 enables scaling up or down, respectively. Collectively, our data show that activity-dependent phosphoproteome dynamics are important for the functional reconfiguration of synaptic scaffolds and can bias synapses toward upward or downward homeostatic plasticity.
Cohesin-dependence of neuronal gene expression relates to chromatin loop length
Authors: Calderon Lesly , Weiss Felix D , Beagan Jonathan A , Oliveira Marta S , Georgieva Radina , Wang Yi-Fang , Carroll Thomas S , Dharmalingam Gopuraja , Gong Wanfeng , Tossell Kyoko , de Paola Vincenzo , Whilding Chad , Ungless Mark A , Fisher Amanda G , Phillips-Cremins Jennifer E , Merkenschlager Matthias
Published: April 2022

Cohesin and CTCF are major drivers of 3D genome organization, but their role in neurons is still emerging. Here, we show a prominent role for cohesin in the expression of genes that facilitate neuronal maturation and homeostasis. Unexpectedly, we observed two major classes of activity-regulated genes with distinct reliance on cohesin in mouse primary cortical neurons. Immediate early genes (IEGs) remained fully inducible by KCl and BDNF, and short-range enhancer-promoter contacts at the IEGs Fos formed robustly in the absence of cohesin. In contrast, cohesin was required for full expression of a subset of secondary response genes characterized by long-range chromatin contacts. Cohesin-dependence of constitutive neuronal genes with key functions in synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter signaling also scaled with chromatin loop length. Our data demonstrate that key genes required for the maturation and activation of primary cortical neurons depend on cohesin for their full expression, and that the degree to which these genes rely on cohesin scales with the genomic distance traversed by their chromatin contacts.
Understanding Sexual Consent Among Adolescents
Authors: O'Connor Carolyn , Begun Stephanie
Published: April 2022

Background: Sexual consent remains one of the most important tools in the prevention of sexual violence, for which adolescents are an especially vulnerable group. However, it is unclear how sexual consent processes are defined and used by this population. To bridge this gap in knowledge, we present a protocol for a forthcoming scoping review that will identify and synthesize the available empirical research findings on sexual consent conceptualizations and processes among adolescents.

Methods/Design: Using the framework by Arksey and O’Malley (2005), a systematic search of six academic databases (Education Source, ERIC, Gender Studies Database, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, and Sociological Abstracts) will be conducted; this range has been selected due to the multi-disciplinary nature of sexual consent research. Following two levels of screening, data from the full-text articles will be charted and subjected to qualitative thematic analysis.

Discussion: These collated results will provide a map of key concepts and establish gaps in the extant literature in order to guide future research on this topic. The findings will advance our knowledge of sexual consent as it is understood by the adolescent population; they may also inform the content and delivery of sexual education programs to ensure that they are relevant to their target audience and assist in the prevention of sexual violence.
Incorporando la distintividad taxonómica en estudios de diversidad: Anfibios del Parque Estatal de la Sierra de Tabasco, México
Authors: Gerónimo Torres José del Carmen , Barragán Vázquez María del Rosario , Ríos-Rodas Liliana
Published: April 2022

Se comparó la diversidad de anfibios entre selva y vegetación secundaria, incorporando la distintividad taxonómica en los análisis de diversidad. Para el muestreo de los individuos se establecieron cuatro transectos de 200 m de largo en ambos ecosistemas. Los muestreos se realizaron una vez al mes, durante seis meses, con búsquedas diurnas y nocturnas. Se registraron un total de 424 individuos de nueve familias, pertenecientes a 19 especies de 14 géneros, y por primera vez se reporta Bolitoglossa veracrucis para el estado de Tabasco. En ambos ecosistemas se registró una riqueza de 14 especies, siendo la selva la que obtuvo la mayor abundancia con 269 individuos y la menor en vegetación secundaria con 155. El índice de diversidad verdadera de orden 1D y 2D, determinó que la vegetación secundaria (6.28 y 4.61) es más diversa que la selva (3.43 y 1.90), con una similitud de especies del 64%. El índice de diversidad taxonómica (Δ) y el índice distintividad taxonómica (Δ*), mostraron los mayores valores en vegetación secundaria (Δ=2.36, Δ*=2.99) y los menores en selva (Δ=1.07, Δ*=2.42). Sin embargo, el índice de distintividad taxonómica promedio (Δ+), mostró valores similares entre los ecosistemas. La incorporación de la distintividad taxonómica en los estudios de diversidad permite evaluar más allá del número de especies, tomando en cuenta las distancias y relaciones taxonómicas, las cuales podrían ser un reflejo de la diversidad funcional de una comunidad.
A Study on Brand Awarness of Electric Two Wheeler in Coimbatore City
Authors: Ukesh M. , Chandrakumar M.
Published: April 2022

The core purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of electric two wheeler  consumer awareness on the subsequent purchase habits of customers around the world. For this research EVs have been defined as electric cars (EVs). Data for this research comes from Coimbatore city for the period from 2018 to 2021. Within the topic of study around EV adoption, practically all work has been done at the statistics level. The major results of this research include a considerable positive association between consumer awareness and purchase behaviors. Consistent with earlier work this analysis identified a substantial association between family income and EV sales using two separate measures, and concluded that at the regional level better policy coordination promotes a more hospitable climate for EV adoption. India is the second biggest producer and manufacturer of two-wheelers in the world. It is second to Japan and China in terms of the quantity of two wheelers manufactured and domestic sales. Indian two wheeler sector has received amazing development in the previous few years. Indian two-wheeler sector has accepted the new concept of Electric Bikes and Scooters that are highly popular form of personal transport in the developed nations like America, Japan and China. With the increases cost of fuel at International level, increasing levels of pollution and congestion in transport system notably in metropolitan areas, higher operating and maintenance cost of car, the electrically charged bikes or scooters have extremely bright future in field of personal transportation. This Paper explores about awarness of selecting the brand of electric two wheelers among consumers in Coimbatore city of Tamil Nadu and the sample gathered for the research was 120 respondents.
Effect of Glyphosate on Physiology and Biochemical Properties of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.)
Authors: Srimathi K. , Chinnamuthu C. R. , Karthikeyan R. , Gnanam R. , Lakshmanan A.
Published: April 2022

The study was conducted to understand the influence of herbicide on the changes in physiology and biochemical properties of purple nutsedge weed (Cyperus rotundus L.). Laboratory and pot culture study were conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2020-21. Glyphosate was tested with different concentrations (500, 600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 ppm) and various soaking duration (6, 12, 24 and 48 hrs) with three replication. The extent of weed damage is based on the site of herbicide action, inhibition of enzymes activity and other metabolic functions. It resulted in chlorophyll content and membrane stability index of the weeds were affected. Proline level of treated weeds were found to be increased at initial stage of herbicide application and followed by declined gradually. It causes the weeds to kill by exhibiting oxidative stress. Phytotoxic effect of herbicide application was visualized until 15-20 DAHA (days after herbicide application) and thereafter weeds were died due to cessation of all the metabolic activities. The findings of the soaking experiment confirmed the negative impact of herbicide on phenol and starch content in tubers. Phenol degradation or dilution was observed to be increased with increasing duration of soaking period and however starch content decreases simultaneously. The results showed that application of glyphosate @ 1000 ppm is more effective to arrest the population of Cyperus rotundus.
Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicological Studies of Citrus aurantium Fruit Juice in Wistar Rats
Authors: Christian Ezeigwe Obiajulu , Ogbodo Uchechukwu Chibuzo , Okwuenu Gift Nonso , Chidinma Felicia Ezennaya , Helen Ifedilichukwu Nma
Published: April 2022

Citrus aurantium remains an excellent source of vitamins and phytochemicals. C. aurantium has been associated with lots of medicinal uses ranging from weight management to the treatment of nausea, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This study therefore aimed at determining the acute and sub-chronic toxic effects of C. aurantium (Lemon) fruit juice in Wistar rats. The median lethal dose (LD50) for the extract was determined by Lorke’s method. A total of 20 rats of mean weight of 125 ± 5 g randomized into 4 groups of five rats each was used for the study. Groups B, C and D were administered 2ml/kg, 4ml/kg and 8ml/kg bodyweight of the extract for 3 months while group A served as the control. Random blood glucose levels of rats were monitored on monthly basis. Blood samples were collected for various biochemical assays like kidney and liver functions, serum lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activity, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and electrolyte levels using standard diagnostic methods. Results showed a lethal dose of 70ml/kg body weight. Creatinine and urea levels were observed to decrease markedly in groups C and D against control. Significant reductions in the liver function parameters were noted for the test groups when compared with the control with a comparative significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase within the test groups. There was also a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides within the test groups as compared with the control. The findings suggest that prolonged administration of C. aurantium does not exert any serious chronic toxicity involving tissue and organ damage. It can also be inferred that the fruit juice of C. aurantium could be employed to remedy numerous maladies that affect the body based on the lethal dose.
Van der Waals Exfoliation Processed Biopiezoelectric Submucosa Ultrathin Films
Authors: Zhang Zhuomin , Liu Shiyuan , Pan Qiqi , Hong Ying , Shan Yao , Peng Zehua , Xu Xiaote , Liu Bingren , Chai Yu , Yang Zhengbao
Published: April 2022

Piezoelectric biomaterials have attracted significant attention due to the potential effect of piezoelectricity on biological tissues and their versatile applications. However, the high cost and complexity of assembling and domain aligning biomolecules at a large scale, and the disordered arrangement of piezoelectric domains as well as the lack of ferroelectricity in natural biological tissues remain a roadblock toward practical applications. Here, utilizing the weak van der Waals interaction in the layered structure of small intestinal submucosa (SIS), a van der Waals exfoliation (vdWE) process is reported to fabricate ultrathin films down to the thickness of the effective piezoelectric domain. Based on that, the piezoelectric property is revealed of SIS stemming from the collagen fibril, with piezoelectric coefficients up to 4.1 pm V−1 and in‐plane polarization orientation parallel to the fibril axis. Furthermore, a biosensor based on the vdWE‐processed SIS film with an in‐plane electrode is demonstrated that produces open‐circuit voltages of ≈250 mV under the cantilever vibration condition. The vdWE method shows great potential in facilely fabricating ultrathin films of soft tissues and biosensors.
Liquid‐Phase Exfoliation of Nonlayered Non‐Van‐Der‐Waals Crystals into Nanoplatelets
Authors: Kaur Harneet , Coleman Jonathan N.
Published: April 2022

For nearly 15 years, researchers have been using liquid‐phase exfoliation (LPE) to produce 2D nanosheets from layered crystals. This has yielded multiple 2D materials in a solution‐processable form whose utility has been demonstrated in multiple applications. It was believed that the exfoliation of such materials is enabled by the very large bonding anisotropy of layered materials where the strength of intralayer chemical bonds is very much larger than that of interlayer van der Waals bonds. However, over the last five years, a number of papers have raised questions about our understanding of exfoliation by describing the LPE of nonlayered materials. These results are extremely surprising because, as no van der Waals gap is present to provide an easily cleaved direction, the exfoliation of such compounds requires the breaking of only chemical bonds. Here the progress in this unexpected new research area is examined. The structure and properties of nanoplatelets produced by LPE of nonlayered materials are reviewed. A number of unexplained trends are found, not least the preponderance of isotropic materials that have been exfoliated to give high‐aspect‐ratio nanoplatelets. Finally, the applications potential of this new class of 2D materials are considered.
Scaling relationships of leaf vein and areole traits versus leaf size for nine Magnoliaceae species differing in venation density
Authors: Shi Peijian , Miao Qinyue , Niinemets Ülo , Liu Mengdi , Li Yirong , Yu Kexin , Niklas Karl J.
Published: April 2022

Premise

Across species, main leaf vein density scales inversely with leaf area (A). Yet, minor vein density manifests no clear relationship with respect to A, despite having the potential to provide important insights into the trade‐off among the investments in leaf mechanical support, hydraulics, and light interception.

Methods

To examine this phenomenon, the leaves of nine Magnoliaceae leaves were sampled, and the scaling relationships among A and midrib length (ML), total vein length (TVL), total vein area (TVA), total areole area (TAA), and mean areole area (MAA) were determined. The scaling relationships between MAA and areole density (the number of areoles per unit leaf area) and between MAA and A were also analyzed.

Results

For five of the nine species, A was proportional to ML2. For eight of the nine species, TVL and TVA were both proportional to A. The numerical values of the scaling exponents for TAA vs. A were between 1.0 and 1.07 for eight species; i.e., as expected, TAA was isometrically proportional to A. There was no correlation between MAA and A, but MAA scaled inversely with respect to areole density for each species.

Conclusions

The correlation between midrib “density” (i.e., ML/A) and A, and the lack of correlation between total leaf vein density and A result from the A ML2 scaling relationship and the proportional relationship between TVL and A, respectively. Leaves with the same size can have widely varying MAA. Thus, leaf size itself does not directly constrain leaf hydraulic efficiency and redundancy.
Adaptation to lower latitudes and lower elevations precedes the evolution of hummingbird pollination in western North American Penstemon
Authors: Hamilton Ashley M. , Wessinger Carolyn A.
Published: April 2022

Premise

A switch in pollinator can occur when a plant lineage enters a new habitat where the ancestral pollinator is less common, and a novel pollinator is more common. Because pollinator communities vary according to environmental tolerances and availability of resources, there may be consistent associations between pollination mode and specific regions and habitats. Such associations can be studied in lineages that have experienced multiple pollinator transitions, representing evolutionary replicates.

Methods

Our study focused on a large clade of Penstemon wildflower species in western North America, which has repeatedly evolved hummingbird‐adapted flowers from ancestral bee‐adapted flowers. For each species, we estimated geographic ranges from occurrence data and inferred environmental niches from climate, topographical, and soil data. Using a phylogenetic comparative approach, we investigated whether hummingbird‐adapted species occupy distinct geographic regions or habitats relative to bee‐adapted species.

Results

Hummingbird‐adapted species occur at lower latitudes and lower elevations than bee‐adapted species, resulting in a difference in their environmental niche. Bee‐adapted species sister to hummingbird‐adapted species are also found in relatively low elevations and latitudes, similar to their hummingbird‐adapted sister species, suggesting ecogeographic shifts precede pollinator divergence. Sister species pairs—regardless of whether they differ in pollinator—show relatively little geographic range overlap.

Conclusions

Adaptation to a novel pollinator may often occur in geographic and ecological isolation from ancestral populations. The ability of a given lineage to adapt to novel pollinators may critically depend on its ability to colonize regions and habitats associated with novel pollinator communities.
Everyday function profiles in prodromal stages of MCI: Prospective cohort study
Authors: Verghese Joe , De Sanctis Pierfilippo , Ayers Emmeline
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The nature and course of limitations in everyday function in the early clinical stages of cognitive decline is not well known.

Methods

We compared complex everyday functional profiles at baseline in 59 community‐dwelling older individuals with normal cognitive performance who went on to develop incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (“pre‐MCI”) with 284 older individuals who remained cognitively normal over follow‐up.

Results

The mean number of limitations on complex everyday function at baseline was 3.1 ± 3.0 in the 59 pre‐MCI cases and 2.0 ± 2.4 in the 284 normal controls (P = .003). Pre‐MCI cases had limitations in traveling, entertaining, remembering appointments, and hobbies compared to normal controls. A progressive increase in mild limitations on complex everyday function preceded the incidence of MCI (mean change: pre‐MCI 1.9 ± 3.6 vs normal controls 0.5 ± 2.7, P < .001).

Discussion

Prodromal stages of MCI are associated with progressive mild limitations in complex activities of daily living.
Growth of Fe‐BDC Metal‐Organic Frameworks onto Functionalized Si (111) Surfaces
Authors: Yuan Hongye , Fu Weichu , Soulmi Nadia , Serre Christian , Steunou Nathalie , Rosso Michel , Henry de Villeneuve Catherine
Published: April 2022

The realization of metal‐organic framework (MOF) layers onto solid surfaces is a prerequisite for their integration into devices. This work reports the direct growth of Fe3+/benzene di‐carboxylate MOFs onto functionalized silicon surfaces, compatible with a wide range of MOF synthesis conditions. The co‐nucleation and growth of different crystalline phases are evidenced, whose coverage depends on the surface chemistry and/or the solution composition. Three structural phases – the cubic MIL‐101(Fe), a hexagonal phase with a structure close to MOF‐235 and a MIL‐53(Fe) with a monoclinic symmetry ‐ are identified through characteristic crystal shapes and their structural parameters inferred from X‐Ray Diffraction. In addition to the oriented growth of 3D crystallites, the formation of two‐dimensional MIL‐101 nano‐crystallites or thin layers/islands exhibiting extended monocrystalline domains with (111) texture is also demonstrated through high‐resolution atomic force microscopy. Post‐synthesis treatments reveal a weak adhesion of the hexagonal phase, indicating a different surface anchoring.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Reaction of Digermylenes
Authors: Huo Shuai‐Cong , Li Yao , Zhang De‐Xiang , Zhou Qi , Yang Ying , Roesky Herbert W.
Published: April 2022

A series of digermylenes R(EGeL)2 (L=CH[C(Me)N(Ar)]2, Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3; E=O, R=1,3‐C6H4 (1), 1,4‐C6H4 (2), Me2C(CH2)2 (3); E=NH, R=1,4‐C6H4 (4), 1,4‐C6H10 (5); E=C(O)O, R=1,3‐C6H4 (6)) were synthesized by the reactions of L′Ge (L′=HC[C(CH2)N(Ar)]C(Me)N(Ar), Ar=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with selected diphenols, diol, diamines, and o‐/m‐phthalic acids, respectively. Treatment of digermylene 1,3‐C6H4(OGeL)2 (1) with sulfur, selenium and CuX (X=Cl, Br, I) led to the formation of 1,3‐C6H4[OGe(S)L]2 (8), 1,3‐C6H4[OGe(Se)L]2 (9), and (CuX)2[1,3‐C6H4(OGeL)2]2 (X=Cl (10), Br (11), I (12)), respectively. The obtained products were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor based on ZIF‐8 doped with CdSe quantum dots for the detection of trace estriol
Authors: Meng Yongjuan , Pu Jinling , Gan Jiamei , Li Jianping
Published: April 2022

A composite of the metal–organic framework compound ZIF‐8 doped with CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with sensitive and stable luminescence was synthesized, and a molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor was constructed based on this composite. The ZIF‐8@CdSe molecularly imprinted ECL sensor combines the high sensitivity of ECL and the high selectivity of molecular imprinting to realize the sensitive and specific detection of estriol. CdSe QDs and gold nanoparticles were encapsulated within ZIF‐8 to obtain the ZIF‐8@CdSe QDs/GNP (ZIF@CdSe/GNP) composite. Subsequently, the GNPs were further loaded on the surface of this composite to obtain the GNP/ZIF@CdSe/GNP composite. l‐Cysteine was used to immobilize the GNP/ZIF@CdSe/GNP composite on the surface of a gold electrode to obtain the GNP/ZIF@CdSe/GNP‐modified gold electrode. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film was prepared on the surface of the modified electrode by electropolymerization with o‐phenylenediamine as the functional monomer and estriol as the template molecule. After elution, estriol could be specifically recognized by the cavities. The readsorption of estriol by the MIP can prevent the coreactant from reaching the electrode surface through the cavities, thereby weakening ECL. A good linear relationship existed between the ∆ECL and lg C of estriol concentrations of 1 × 10−14 to 1 × 10−9 mol·L−1. The detection limit was as low as 8.9 × 10−16 mol·L−1. The sensor was applied in the determination of estriol in serum samples with a recovery of 97.0–102%.
A child with bronchiectasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and hypothyroidism secondary to STAT1 gain‐of‐function mutation: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alidrisi Dhuha , Maksood Lama , Alqahtani Wed , Minshawi Faisal , Aburziza Abdullah , Janem Waleed F. , Almatrafi Mohammed A.
Published: April 2022

STAT 1 GOF mutations are a rare cause of childhood primary immunodeficiency. Recurrent mucocutaneous candidiasis, chest infections, and autoimmune disease are all classic phenotype presentations. Rapid identification and diagnosis of this debilitating disease using whole exon sequencing may improve outcomes and minimize long‐term sequelae.
Automated Chemical Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Glycans
Authors: Li Xiaona , Yang You
Published: April 2022

Automated chemical solid‐phase synthesis is an automation platform for rapid and reliable synthesis of glycans. Since the seminal work of Automated Glycan Assembly (AGA) disclosed by Seeberger in 2001, AGA has evolved from a proof‐of‐concept to a robust and reliable technology for streamlined production of various types of glycans. Through more than 20 years of unceasing efforts, the major breakthroughs in AGA including linkers, approved building blocks, and synthesizers have been acquired, and numerous influential achievements have been made in complex glycan synthesis. In addition, the HPLC‐assisted automated synthesis emerges as a promising automation platform to access glycans. In this review, we highlight the key advances in the field of automated chemical solid‐phase synthesis, especially in AGA. The synthesis of representative glycans based on AGA is also described.