bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Brain Wave-Verified Driver Alert System for Vehicle Collision Avoidance
Authors:   Virginia Tech, Eskandarian Azim , Zhang Ce ,   Virginia Tech
Published: May 2021

Collision alert and avoidance systems (CAS) could help to minimize driver errors. They are instrumental as an advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) when the vehicle is facing potential hazards. Developing effective ADAS/CAS, which provides alerts to the driver, requires a fundamental understanding of human sensory perception and response capabilities. This research explores the premise that external stimulation can effectively improve drivers’ reaction and response capabilities. Therefore this article proposes a light-emitting diode (LED)-based driver warning system to prevent potential collisions while evaluating novel signal processing algorithms to explore the correlation between driver brain signals and external visual stimulation. When the vehicle approaches emerging obstacles or potential hazards, an LED light box flashes to warn the driver through visual stimulation to avoid the collision through braking. Thirty (30) subjects completed a driving simulator experiment under different near-collision scenarios. The Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) of the drivers’ brain signals and their collision mitigation (control performance) data were analyzed to evaluate the LED warning system’s effectiveness. The results show that (1) The proposed modified canonical correlation analysis evaluation (CCA-EVA) algorithm can detect SSVEP responses with 4.68% higher accuracy than the Adaptive Kalman filter; (2) The proposed driver monitoring and alert system produce on average a 52% improvement in time to collision (TTC), 54% improvement in reaction distance (RD), and an overall 26% reduction in collision rate as compared to similar tests without the LED warning.
Utilization of Airlift Fermenters in the Mass Propagation of Pseudomonas and AureobasidiumSpecies for the Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Aquatic Environments
Authors: Ejianreh E.L. , Aransiola E.F. , Adebimpe A.I. , Solomon B.O.
Published: May 2021

This study involved the design and fabrication of airlift fermenters for the mass propagation of a consortium of three microorganisms  (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescence and Aureobasidium pullulans). The efficacy of the blend in the bioremediation of simulated crude oil polluted water systems environments was also tested with a view to generating more data on crude oil degrading microorganisms for bioremediation purposes. The organisms were separately grown on a gyratory shaker at 120 rpm and at 30 °C until notable growths were observed. Equal volume of the grown organisms (500 ml) of mixed culture was used as inoculum for the 4.5 L of medium in the 7 L airlift fermenter. Thereafter, this was transferred into the 45 litres medium in the 70 L fermenter until significant growth was observed at room temperature. Culture broths were withdrawn at intervals for the determination of biomass and residual hydrocarbon concentrations. The product from the 70 L fermenter was introduced into simulated polluted water systems from which samples were withdrawn weekly. Analyses for residual hydrocarbon contents were carried out using appropriate analytical techniques. The results showed that 78.5% hydrocarbon removal was observed in the 7 L fermenter after 72 h, while that of the 70 L fermenter was 97.8% after 180 h of fermentation. Polluted water sample treated with the microbes experienced 96.4% removal after 10 weeks of treatment. It was observed further that the application of NPK fertilizer biostimulant aided microbial activities in the removal of petroleum hydrocarbons than urea, cow dung and poultry droppings. The study has demonstrated that effective bioremediation of crude oil polluted water systems could be achieved through the application of biostimulants with mass propagated crude oil degrading organisms using airlift fermenter systems.

Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas fluorescence; Aureobasidium pullulans; Airlift fermenter; Bioremediation; Biostimulation; Bioaugmentation.
Phylogenetic analysis of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria associated with crude oil polluted soil from Mesogar community, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Olukunle O.F.
Published: May 2021

This study was carried out to isolate hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria associated with oil polluted soil samples collected from Mesogar community of Delta State, Nigeria. The samples were aseptically collected and the bacteria isolated according to standard microbiological techniques. The isolates with hydrocarbon biodegradative ability were screened on MSM supplemented with 2% crude oil using spectrophotometric method. The amount of crude oil degraded by the highest hydrocarbon degrader was determined using gas chromatographic (GC) assay. A total of seven bacterial isolates were molecularly identified using the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. The sequences were compared to those deposited in NCBI using the basic local alignment tool (BLAST) algorithm. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences was carried out to determine the evolutionary relationships of the isolated bacterial species. The isolates were identified to have remote similarities with Alcaligenes faecalis SH179a, Alcaligenes faecalis subsp. Phenolicus, Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Alcaligenes faecalis SH179b, Uncultured soil bacterium clone and Alcaligenes faecalis IVN45. Strain OFBR 4 had the highest degrading ability. The use of molecular methods for rapid and accurate detection of diverse strains of hydrocarbon-degraders is of utmost necessity in bioremediation.

Keywords: Phylogenetic analysis, oil polluted soil, biodegradative, hydrocarbon degrader, 16S rRNA gene and crude oil.
Micropropagation and Evaluation of Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Vernonia cinerea (Linn.) Less
Authors: Sonibare MA , Aremu TO , Okorie PA
Published: May 2021

Vernonia cinerea, belonging to the family Asteraceae, is of wide medicinal application. This study investigated the antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and the total phenolic contents of wild plant of Vernonia cinerea with its respective shoot cultures.Nodal explants of V. cinerea were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of BAP (0.5-2.5 mg/L) and NAA (0.1-0.5 mg/L) including various concentrations of Gibberllic acid for subculturing. The antimicrobial activity of plant extracts was tested using agar well diffusion and macrodilution methods for zone of inhibition (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC).The free radical scavenging test was conducted using 2,2, diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) reagent while total phenolic contents (TPC) were measured by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent. Maximum shoot proliferation of 11.42 ± 2.26 cm was obtained from MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L BAP + 0.1 mg/L NAA. All extracts displayed moderate antimicrobial potential against the tested pathogens in the range of 9.0-13.1 mm ZI, with highest MIC of 0.78 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL fromMPE and WPE, respectively.The IC50 values of 4.49 and 5.10 μg/mL was obtained in WPE and MPE. The MPE had TPC of 6.66 ± 0.83 mg GAE/g compared to the WPE with TPC of 5.43 ± 1.31 mg GAE/g. The crude methanol extracts of wild and micropropagated plants of V. Cinerea showed high amounts of phenolic compounds, which could present them as candidates for future search for antimicrobial and antioxidant agents for different ailments.Keywords: Micropropagation, Antioxidant, DPPH, Phenolic Compound, Vernonia cinerea
Effects of the Ethanolic Extract of Bulbostylis coleotricha (Hochst.Exa. Rich.) on Inflammation in Adult Wistar Rats
Authors: Owoyele BV , Abioye AIR , Oyewole AL , Ameen MO , Owemidu IO , Adewusi MO
Published: May 2021

Bulbostylis coleotricha (family Cyperaceae) is a stem-tufted plant found in tropical region of Africa. It is locally used in treating various ailments among the African folks. Despite the high esteem this plant is held in Africa, there is dearth of scientific studies on B. coleotricha. This, in addition to the alarming increase in inflammatory diseases around the world, makes the present study to focus on the effect of the B. coleotricha extract on laboratory induced inflammation. Twenty-five adult Wistar rats, weighing between 225-287g were used for this experiment, and were randomly divided into five groups of five rats per group. The groups were labelled and treated as follow: Group 1, the negative control group, was treated with 10 ml/kg body weight (b. w.) of distilled water. Groups 2, 3 and 4, the treated groups, were treated with 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg/kg b. w. of ethanolic extract of B. coleotricha respectively. Doses were based on the local information on B. coleotricha usages. Group 5, the positive control group, was treated with 5mg/kg b. w. of indomethacin. In all the groups, the effects of all treatments were checked on induced inflammation using cotton pellet granuloma and carrageenan induced paw oedema model. The results in the two models used showed that ethanolic extract of B. coleotricha significantly inhibited inflammation in the treated groups. In the cotton pellet granuloma test the extract at the dose of 100 mg reduced granuloma formation from 30.2 ± 2.4 mg to 11.2 ± 2.6 mg reduced paw oedema from 7.0 ± 1.7 mm to 2.4 ± 0.8 mm (control is 100 mg/kg). In conclusion, this study established that Bulbostylis coleotricha plant is effective in the treatment of inflammation and can be explored in the treatment of various diseases with underlying inflammation.Keywords: Bulbostylis coleotricha, Inflammation, Cotton Pellet Granuloma, Carrageenan-induced Paw Oedema
Antisickling Activity of the Fresh and Dried Roots of Cissus populnea Guill. Et Perr (Vitaceae)
Authors: Adebayo EM , Adeyemi AA , Omotade OO , Fasola FA , Ajayi TO , Attah FA , Famojuro TI , Adebisi L , Moody JO
Published: May 2021

Research into plants with claimed traditional use in the management of sickle cell anaemia constitutes a useful research strategy in the search for new antisickling drugs and templates. The root of Cissus populnea has been used traditionally in the management of sickle cell disease (SCD). Phytochemical screening of the fresh and powdered sample of the root of C. populnea (CP) was done using standard methods followed by in vitro antisickling evaluation of extracts, solvent-partitioned fraction (ethylacetate) and the vacuum liquid chromatographic fractions (VLC) of the fresh and dried roots of C. populnea with sodium metabisulphite induced sickling of HbSS erythrocytes. p-hydroxybenzoic acid and normal saline were used as positive and negative controls respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins and cardiac glycosides. The result of this study showed that the extracts and solvent partitioned fraction (ethylacetate) from the root of CP have antisickling property with a higher activity for the ethylacetate partitioned fraction of the dried roots compared to that of the fresh roots. The VLC fractions exhibited higher activity than the crude extracts; fraction 3 (FR3) had the maximum activity of 96.4% while 88.6% activity was demonstrated for the standard drug (PABA) at an incubation time of 45 min. This study has thus provided scientific evidence for the traditional use of CP in the management of SCD.Keywords: Sickle Cell Disease, Cissus populnea, Antisickling Activity
Ethnozoological Survey of Animal and Animal Products Used in Traditional Healing Practices in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar MS , Emmanuel HM , Kabiru A , Abdullahi YM
Published: May 2021

Nature has provided us with materials that are good sources of medicine. These materials derived from nature have been used by different societies across the world for treatment of various diseases.For example, plants,animalsand minerals substanceshave been extracted and prepared in various forms for treatment of diseases. Researches concerning the use of animals and their derivatives in traditioanal medicine has received very little attention, especially in the Northern Nigeria. Sokoto state is blessed with rich faunal resources yet the number of researches with regards to medicinal animals is very negligible compared to that of plants. With rapid increase in the population of our polygamous society (especially in the rural areas) which often find it difficult to access modern health care facilities, there is the need for complimentary folk medicine that would support local health care system. In the light of the above,animals / animal products used in traditional medicine by the indigenous people of Sokoto have been identified and documented through the use of unstructured questionnaire as the main instruments used for data collection. Six hundred (600) questionnaires were distributed to the surveyed population from different parts of the state. They include: herbalists, hunters, barbers, bone-setters, traditional mid-wives and fishermen. Percentage frequency and percentage fidelity level were used for data analysis. From the survey, twenty two (22) species of animals were found to be of medicinal value. Diseases such as rashes, toothache, nightblindness, mumps, cabuncle epistaxis, yellow fever, eczema, gastrointestinal disorders were found to be curable using these animals or their derivatives.Keywords: Traditionl Healing, Zootherapy, Zootherapeutics, Ethnozoology
Rights of Young People and the European Social Charter
Authors: Quesada Luis Jimena
Published: May 2021

The European Social Charter (alongside the case-law of the European Committee of Social Rights) forms the most striking binding legal source for young people’s social rights, providing a framework for synergies with both the European Union and the Council of Europe’s other instruments and mechanisms in this area. In the current times of pandemic, the most important thing is preventing the COVID-19 crisis (which has economic, political and social dimensions) from becoming a crisis of values among young people. From this perspective, on the one hand, the paper focuses on access of young people to education, labour market and housing. On the other hand, it proposes measures aimed at raising awareness of the Social Charter among young people and to capitalise on it in practice instead of insisting on drafting a specific European instrument on their rights. Finally, the author insists that all Council of Europe Member States should accept (if they have not yet done so) in the spirit of the “Turin process,”the collective complaints procedure and the revised European Social Charter.
Social Protection and New Forms of Work: Expansion of Unemployment Insurance Benefits’ Coverage in Estonia
Authors: Tavits Gaabriel
Published: May 2021

Ensuring social protection for people having lost their jobs is an important part of the social protection system. Although health insurance and pension insurance have traditionally been the most important social protection systems, then social guarantees (both passive and active measures) for the unemployed cannot be underestimated in the changed forms of employment. New forms of work necessitate attention to whether and how people working under new forms of employment, e.g. platform workers, can register as unemployed and whether short-term employment may worsen their standing compared to other unemployed. This article analyses the Estonian social protection system for the unemployed and the planned changes in connection with platform work.
Integration and Cooperation in the Context of Social Capital of Ethnically Diverse Local Communities in a Migration Situation
Authors: Łukaszewska-Bezulska Justyn
Published: May 2021

The aim of the article is to analyse the level, forms and manifestations of cooperation and integration between the members of two ethnically diverse local communities in which there are intense international migrations. Based on individual in-depth interviews, expert interviews and observations, an attempt was made to determine to what extent international labour migrations and ethnic and cultural diversity affect the level of integration in cooperation between the actual and declarative dimensions. The aim of the article is also to determine what is the nature of the local bond, in particular the neighbourhood bond. It has been demonstrated that economic migration is an important factor influencing the level of integration and cooperation in local communities: it results in removing the migrant from his or her community of origin, thus weakening the same level of integration and cooperation between its members, but also provides an opportunity to make new, lasting and significant acquaintances, including between people from the same locality of different ethnic and cultural origin. Spatial mobility can also cause divisions between its subjects and the rest of the community. The impact of international migrations on social capital depends on the time the migrant spends outside the local community. It is not the length of stay abroad that matters, but above all the frequency of visits to the place of origin.
A figurational analysis of the role of the church in handling issues of widowhood amid Covid-19 in northern KwaZuluNatal, South Africa
Authors: Buthelezi Zanele Gladness , Ngema Thandiwe Nonkululeko
Published: May 2021

This study sought to investigate the role of the church in handling issues of widowhood amid the rampant Covid-19 pandemic using Christian teachings and Ubuntu in selected parishes in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa. Widowhood is a social phenomenon caused by a transition from married status to being a widow or widower due to the death of a spouse. Although a huge chunk of literature enumerates different ways in which widows have been ill-treated and treated as second citizens by communities over the years, this article argues that men grieve too and have also been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. There is undoubtedly little state of balance between men and women in societies, but the reality is that men can also feel physical and
emotional pain due to the loss of a spouse and they too need support in order to be able to move forward after experiencing a loss. They therefore cannot be divorced from being part of an intertwined church figuration where the concern is in ‘process’, not ‘state’ (Elias, 1978). This study is gender inclusive in that it focusses not only on women but also a range of experiences of widowers during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Using figurational sociology by Elias (1978), this qualitative study adopted an Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to interrogate the role of the church in the lives of the widowed during the pandemic. Selecting ten widowed congregants from different African churches in northern KZN as part of figurations, the study sought to explore what role the church has played to support the widowed when death occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. By using figurational sociology, widowhood research problems are perceived in processual terms with shifting asymmetrical power balances. Data was collected through praxis essays and semi-structured interviews of 5 widows and 5 widowers, with all participants purposively selected. Findings reveal that the church has struggled to provide care and support because of regulations such as social
distancing and government prescribed alert levels which restricted movement in society. Even though the widowed understood Covid-19 regulations, they have felt alienated and marginalised during their period of bereavement. The perceived lack of support ruptured loyalty and fractured interpersonal relationships during and after the time of mourning. The study recommends new ways of pastoral care and advocates for a figurational care model as an arsenal to support people, mending relationships and restoring dignity.
Understanding the impact of COVID-19 in the spiritual life of the Church community
Authors: Ngema Thandiwe Nonkululeko , Buthelezi Zanele Gladness , Mncube Dumisani Wilfred
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world in extra-ordinarily negative ways. Its impact has been felt in government circles, families, communities and churches globally. Spiritual leadership together with church members or congregants has also suffered a great deal. The pandemic has successfully disorganized societies and religious communities. Its spiritual impact has been felt by church leaders and congregants alike. This study investigated the spiritual impact COVID-19 has imposed on church leadership and congregants. It also explores how some church leaders performed their pastoral ministry under COVID-19 conditions. To achieve the set objective, a qualitative methodology and interpretive paradigm were adopted. In-depth individual interviews with church leaders and church members from Christian churches were used to inform the study. Ten churches that operate within the Esikhaleni raternity, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, under uMhlathuze municipality participated in the data generation process.

The study comprised a sample size of four church leaders and eight church members from ten churches. A total number of 12 twelve heterogeneous individual participants were purposively selected. Findings revealed that the prevalence of COVID-19 led to lockdown restrictions and as such, church house closure impacted the church family positively as well as negatively. The study
recommends that church leaders be proactive in accommodating change and equip their congregants accordingly. Secondly, churches should adapt to multi-staff ministry where lay people are actively involved in educating congregants about pandemics in general and how to cope spiritually. Third, it is argued church leadership should embrace virtual and internet ministry so as to continue to offer spiritual support to congregants.
Bits and Pieces
Authors: Paska Iva
Published: May 2021

Covid19-pandemic has had a profound impact on the way we live and on the social reality in the world around us. Except for the enormous strain on public and health of individuals, it has affected social functioning to great extent, at least temporarily. It has sped up digitalization and forced social activities to transfer to the digital realm to an unprecedented level. It has simultaenously confined social actors to their geographical localities. In all of this, it has offered an opportunity of different observational point of human being in the world in the context of late modernity. It is possible to assume that this kind of social situation has the potential to affect the sense of ontological security of social actors, as well as their experience of space. The contradictory implications of the transfer of the social activitiy to the digital communicative spaces to current extent are also discussed.
Archaism and Hegel in the Supply Reel
Authors: Bruno Victor
Published: May 2021

André Bazin’s notion of cinematic realism has been either denigrated as “naïve” or been deformed to fit lines of thought in film studies that are at variance with the nature of his thought. However, as this article shows, there are strong influences of what one might call “archaic thought” in Bazin’s conception of realism. However, there is another influence on his thought: a substratum of Hegelianism, which often ignored in the reception of his work, contributing to its misrepresentation. At the end, we conclude if we forfeit this residual Hegelianism, not only we can have a better grasp of what realism truly is, but we also can have a more synchronous relationship between cinema and other art forms.
Ecology and Media
Authors: Jakovljević Mirko
Published: May 2021

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of global goals targeting all levels: from a planetary biosphere to a local community. The aim is to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people can enjoy peace and prosperity, now and in the future. The beginning of the Twenty-first century and the last fifteen years of the twentieth century have been the awakening of human consciousness when it comes to ecology and environmental protection. The man of the digital age is slowly becoming aware that a new society is a life-organization characterized by the use of modern technologies and overuse of natural resources and, in some places, already devastated and degraded environments. The modern economy survives on the use of living and inanimate natural resources. Natural resources such as air, water, soil are polluted and some animal species are exterminated in this period. For this reason, it is of great importance to force producing and broadcasting numerous environmental shows on local, regional and global media. Going deeper into the issue, we have to see that the problem should be addressed more and more, reinforcing at the same time the ethics of all people on the planet, which would lead to the adoption of binding norms that would affect people’s behavior when it comes to ecology and environmental protection . The media is playing a key role in this issue. A part of the discussion on the concept of conservation, including the main scientific and ethical points of view, is presented in this paper, highlighting the environmental, socio-ecological and ethical aspects behind the comprehensive concept of industry and economy. This paper is about the idea of being the appeal on media regarding the urgent need for socio-environmental ethical personal engagement and collective actions.
AN INSTRUCTIONAL SCENARIO (LESSON PLAN): THE IMPORTANCE OF ARTERIAL PULSE
Authors: Vogiatzaki Eirini , Nikolopoulou Anastasia
Published: May 2021

This article aims to present a lesson plan entitled: "An instructional scenario: The Importance of Arterial pulse". This teaching plan lasts for one teaching hour. It was carried out with modern educational form through the Cisco WebEx Meetings platform and concerns the course Nursing Theory II for the 3rd Class of Vocational High School (EPAL), specializing in Nursing of the Health, Welfare & Wellness Sector. This lesson plan was implemented in the context of the training of B2 level ICT trainees, organized by the Institute of Educational Policy (IEP) with the co-financing support of Greece and the European Union. The article aims to present a teaching plan so that students can deepen their knowledge in the topic of Vital Signs with emphasis on the importance of arterial pulse. More specifically, students learn to define what an arterial pulse is, to list the points where the arterial pulse is taken, and to state each time the arterial pulse should be taken. The strategy on which it was based is collaborative learning. In particular, through the working groups, the participation and the interaction with the students are reinforced. Students were asked to complete interactive exercises created in the e-me content, then work on a collaborative document (google forms), and at the end of the course fill in a worksheet for feedback.

 

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HUBUNGAN KETERAMPILAN MENGAJAR GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN DENGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 PORSEA
Authors: Malau Asnija
Published: May 2021

Abstract, This Research aim to to know the Skill Teach The Teacher of Christian Education With The Result Learn The Student of Class of VIII SMP Country 1 Porsea. With the hypothesizing [of] there are [relation/link] which are positive and signifikan [of] [among/between] Skill Teach The Teacher of Christian Education With The Result Learn The Student of Class of VIII SMP Country 1 Porsea. Research Population amount to 218 people and sampel taken [by] 20% amounting to 38 people. Data collected with the enquette closed [by] as much 25 item. And have diujicoba with the test of validity and reliabitasnya. Result of data analysis indicate that there are [relation/link] which are positive and signifikan [of] [among/between] Skill Teach The Teacher of Christian Education With The Result Learn The Student of Class of VIII SMP Country 1 Porsea of Regency of Toba Samosir of Study Year 2017 / 2018 with the correlation coefficient [of] r count r tables of or 0,507 0,320 and test the signifikan relation obtained [by] t count t tables of equal to 3,533 2,029, inferential thereby Ho refused and [Is] ha accepted
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN PAK TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI SMK NEGERI 1 LUMBAN JULU TOBA SAMOSIR TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Marpaung Nurmala Rina
Published: May 2021

Abstract, This study aims to determine the effect of the use of learning media Christian Religious Education Against Student Results Class XI SMK Negeri 1 Lumbanjulu Toba Samosir Year Learning 2017/2018. Hypothesis of this research is There is Positive Influence and Significant Use of PAK Learning Media to Student Result of Class XI SMK Negeri 1 Lumbanjulu. This research is descriptive and inferential quantitative research. The population is all students of class XI SMK Negeri 1 Lumbanjulu which amounted to 113 and the sample research taken 30% of the entire population so that the sample research into 34 students. This study concludes that the learning media of Christian Religious Education have a positive and significant effect on student learning outcomes. The result of data analysis shows that there is a positive and significant effect of PAK Learning Media on Student Results of Grade XI SMK Negeri 1 Lumban Julu with coefficient of determination (r2) = 12,71% and significant test of influence obtained Fhitung Ftabel equal to 2,1585 2.042, meaning H0 is rejected and Ha accepted. In connection with the results of this study, the authors suggest for teachers of Christian Religious Education to increase the use and utilization of instructional media in accordance with the material in order to assist students in improving learning outcomes. Keywords : Use of PAK Learning Media, Student Learning Outcomes
PENGARUH GAYA MENGAJAR TEKNOLOGIS GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN TERHADAP GAYA BELAJAR VISUAL SISWA KELAS VIII SMP N 1 PAHAE JULU K KABUPATEN TAPANULI UTARA TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019”
Authors: Simorangkir Martha
Published: May 2021

vAbstract, The research aims to know of percentage the teknological teaching style of teachers christianeducation towards students visual learning styles in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pahae Julu Tapanuli Utararegency in 2018/2019 academic years. The hypothesis of this research was: there is a positive and significantinfluence teknological teaching style of teachers christian education towards students visual learning styles inclass VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pahae Julu Tapanuli Utara in 2018/2019 academic years.Research instrument in the form of a closed questionnaire prepared by the research. analyzing datawas indicated that the teknological teaching style of teachers christian education towards students visuallearning styles in class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pahae Julu Tapanuli Utara by 16,40 % with the calculation bycomparing tcount ttable namely 2,426 2,042. Tes the regression equation between X and Y with.Hypothesis test indicated that the Fcount Ftable namely 5,870 1,62 then H0 rejected and Haaccepted. the conclusion drawn from this study was there is a positive and significant influence teknologicalteaching style of teachers christian education towards students visual learning styles in class VIII SMP Negeri 1Pahae Julu Tapanuli Utara regency in 2018/2019 academic years.Keywords : teknological teaching style of teachers christian education, students visual learning styles.
PENGARUH VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 2 TARUTUNG KABUPATEN TAPANULI UTARA TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Hutauruk Harion
Published: May 2021

vAbstract, This study aims to find out how much positive and significant influence between the use of learningvideos by Christian Education Teachers on the effectiveness of learning in class X Tarutung 2 High SchoolNorth Tapanuli Regency, with the hypothesis there is the Effect of Learning Videos on Learning Effectiveness ofClass X Students of State High School 2 Tarutung North Tapanuli Regency 2018/2019.This research uses inferential quantitative descriptive approach, with a population of all students of class XTarutung 2 High School totaling 288 people with a sample of 40 people. Data was collected by a closedquestionnaire of 30 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators according to expert theory. Thequestionnaire trial was conducted on 30 students who were not research respondents, and validity andreliability were tested. The results of data analysis show that there is a positive and significant influencebetween Learning Videos on Learning Effectiveness of Class X Students of Tarutung 2 High School NorthTapanuli Regency 2018/2019 with a coefficient of determination (r2) = 38.68% and significant test of influenceobtained by Fcount Ftable of 23.77 4.10, meaning that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.Keywords: Learning Videos, Learning Effectiveness.
PENGARUH PELAKSANAAN KATEKISASI SIDI TERHADAP KEDEWASAAN IMAN REMAJA GKPPD KUTA KERANGAN RESORT KUTA KERANGAN TAHUN 2019.
Authors: Gajah Lastri
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine whether there is a positive and significant influence on the implementation of Sidi catechism on the maturity of faith in shaping the maturity of the GKPPD KutaKerangan church. The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the implementation of Sidi catechism on the maturity of adolescent faith GKPPD KutaKerangan Resort KutaKerangan in 2019. This research is a correlational study using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The population is all teenagers GKPPD KutaKerangan Resort KutaKerangan in 2019 totaling 160 people. Samples were taken 22% from 160 people = 36 people. The research instrument was a closed questionnaire. The results of the analysis of the value of rxy = 0.434rtable = 0.329 and tcount = 2.809ttable = 2.042 indicate that there is a relationship the implementation of the Sidi catechization with adolescent faith maturity and obtaining the significance of a simple regression equation. Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount = 7.853Ftable = 1.62 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. This study concludes that the implementation of the Sidi catechism affects adolescent faith maturity by 18.83%. In connection with the results of this study, The author provides input for observers, especially leaders and elders of the church to improve the implementation of the Sidi catechization so that the youth's faith grows into adulthood.Keywords: Implementation of Sidi Catechism, Adolescent Faith Maturity.
The Effect of the Examples Non Examples Learning Model on the Active Learning of PAK of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 2 Lumbanjulu, Tobasa Regency, 2019/2020 Academic Year.
Authors: Pakpahan Darma Wati
Published: May 2021

The research was to know the influence of the Non Examples Examples Learning Model on the Active Learning of Students of Class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Lumbanjulu,  2019/2020.                Research hypothesis is that there is an influence between the Examples non Examples Learning Model on the Active Learning of Students of Class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Lumbanjulu,  2019/2020 Academic Year.  The population is all students in SMP Negeri 2 Lumbanjulu totaling 115 people. Samples were taken 30% from 115 people = 40 people.               This study concludes that the influence of the Examples non Examples Learning Model on the Active Learning of PAK of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 2 Lumbanjulu 2019/2020  is 32.9%.Keywords: Examples non Examples Learning Model, Student Learning Active Activity
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Picture and Picture Terhadap Minat Belajar PAK Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 DolokSanggul Tahun Pembelajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Silaen Elfira
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Picture and Picture Learning Model on students’ interest in Learning Christian Religion Education of Grade VII in SMP Negeri 2 DolokSanggul Academic Year 2019/2020.The method used in this research is inferential statistical method. The population was all grade VII students of SMP Negeri 2 DolokSanggul Academic Year 2019/2020 with a total of 281 people and a sample of 32 people. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 35 items.The results of data analysis showed that the Picture and Picture Learning Model had a positive and significant effect on students’ interest in Learning Christian Religion Education of Grade VII in SMP Negeri 2 DolokSanggul Academic Year 2019/2020 with data analysis as follows: 1. Test requirements for analysis: a) A positive relationship test obtained rxy = 0.745 rtable = 0.349; b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount = 6.109 ttable = 1.697 between variable X with variable Y. 2. Influence test: a) Regression equation test obtained a regression equation with a regression determination coefficient r ^ 2 = 55, 5% and Fcount Ftable = 1.92 1.62, thus Ha and H0 were rejected. There is a positive and significant effect of the Picture and Picture Learning Model on students’ interest in Learning Christian Religion Education of Grade VII in SMP Negeri 2 DolokSanggul Academic Year 2019/2020. Keywords: Picture and picture Learning Model, Students’ Learning Interest, Christian Religion Education
Pengaruh Kompetensi Spiritual Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen Terhadap Pertumbuhan Iman Siswa
Authors: Simatupang Evi Nuriyani
Published: May 2021

This research aims to find out the influence of Christian Religion Education teacher’s spiritual competence on the students’ faith growth of grade V SD Negeri No. 175758 Hutagurgur, with the hypothesis there is a positive and significant effect of Christian Religion Education teacher’s spiritual competence on the students’ faith growth of grade V SD Negeri No. 175758 Hutagurgur, Sipahutar Subdistrict, Academic Year 2019/2020. The research population is 30 students, and all of those are the research sample as well. Data were collected with a closed questionnaire of 30 items compiled by the author based on variable indicators by the experts’ theories. The instrument had been previously tested to 30 students who were not the research respondents, hence the instruments’ validity and reliability had been tested. The results of data analysis shows that there is a positive and significant effect of Christian Religion Education teacher’s spiritual competence on the students’ faith growth of grade V SD Negeri No. 175758 Hutagurgur, Sipahutar Subdistrict, Academic Year 2019/2020, with the determination coefficient (r2) = 35,57%, and the significance test obtains Fcount Ftable = 16,55 4,20 . Thus, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.
Pengaruh Metode Problem Posing terhadap Berpikir Kritis dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen Siswa Kelas X SMA PGRI Siborongborong
Authors: Br. Sianturi Yuri Anty
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT                The purpose of this study is to experience the positive and significant influence of the use of Problem Posing Methods on Critical Thinking during the Learning PAK Students Class X SMA PGRI Siborongborong 2020/2021 Learning Year. The methods used are quantitative methods. The population of students in class X SMA PGRI Siborongborong approximately 392 people and a sample taken from the 22% the number of 86 people. Data were collected with a positive closed questionnaire into 33 items. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant effect of the Positive Problem Method on Critical Thinking in PAK Learning as evidenced by the analytical data: a) positive correlation test found rxy value = 0.364 rtabel (a = 0.05, n = 86) = 0.213. b) Significant relationship test obtained calculation value = 3,583 ttable (a = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 84) = 2,000. c) Regression of the equation. d) Regression determination (r2) = 13.3% thus H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.Keywords: Problem Posing Method, Critical Thinking
Mencari Kerajaan Allah Dan Kebenarannya Dan Implementasinya Bagi Kehidupan Orang Kristen Masa Kini (Studi Eksegetis Matius 6:33)
Authors: Siketang Sonta
Published: May 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna teologis “Kerajaan Allah dan kebenarannya” berdasarkan studi eksegetis Matius 6:33 dan untuk mengetahui implementasinya bagi kehidupan orang Kristen masa kini. Metode penelitian dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini adalah metode kualitatif, yakni dengan pendekatan studi eksegetis. Di dalam penelitian dan pembahasan terdapat hasil, yaitu: kerajaan Allah adalah kegiatannya yang mengadakan ruang dan kebebasan bagi manusia yang tertindas, kerajaan itu datang dengan keadilan yang menyelamatkan, membebaskan manusia dari kuasa Mamon (harta, milik, nama, dll), membebaskan dari kekuatiran hidup pada saat ini dan pada waktu yang akan datang (makanan, minuman dan pakaian) serta memberikan kepadanya kepercayaan bahwa Allah sebagai Bapa yang menjaga dan memelihara kehidupannya sepenuhnya; mencari kerajaan Allah dan kebenarannya adalah perioritas orang Kristen; dan Allah akan memelihara orang yang mengutamakan Dia.Penelitian ini mengambil kesimpulan bahwa manusia diperintahkan Allah untuk mengutamakan mencari kerajaan Allah dan kebenarannya, karena hanya Allah saja yang berkuasa atas manusia dan hanya Dia saja yang benar, kemudian Yesus mengungkapkan ada janji yang akan diberikan Allah yang bagi orang yang mencari kerajaan Allah dan kebenarannya, yaitu pemeliharaan-Nya. Sebagai orang Kristen yang percaya kepada Yesus Kristus harus mengutamakan mencari kerajaan Allah dan kebenarannya dengan segenap hati, jiwa dan perbuatannya secara terus-menerus.Kata kunci : Kerajaan Allah, Kebenaran dan Pemeliharaan. Abstract This study aims to determine the theological meaning of "the kingdom of God and truth (exegetical study of Matthew 6:33) and to find out its implementation for the lives of Christians present time. The research method in writing scientific papers is a qualitative method, namely the exegetical study approach. In the research and discussion there are results, namely: the kingdom of God is an activity that provides space and freedom for oppressed humans, the kingdom comes with justice that saves, frees humans from the power of Mammon (property, property, name, etc.), frees from worries. live in the present and in the time to come (food, drink and clothing) and give him the confidence that God is the Father who keeps and takes care of his life completely; seeking the kingdom of God and its righteousness is a Christian priority; and Allah will take care of those who put Him first. This research concludes that humans are ordered by God to prioritize seeking God's kingdom and its truth, because only God alone has power over humans and only He is true, then Jesus revealed that there is a promise that God will give for those who seek God's kingdom and its truth. namely His care. As a Christian who believes in Jesus Christ, he must give priority to seeking the kingdom of God and its righteousness with all his heart, soul and deeds continuously.Keywords: Kingdom of God, Truth and Care
Analisis Integritas Dan Profesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen di SMP Se-Kecamatan Pangaribuan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Sormin Lentina
Published: May 2021

Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya persentase Integritas Dan Profesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen di SMP Se-Kecamatan Pangaribuan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021, dengan hipotesis Integritas Dan Profesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen di SMP Se-Kecamatan Pangaribuan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 ≥ 75% dari yang di harapkan. Populasi berjumlah 204 orang dengan sampel 62 orang. Data dikumpulkan dengan angket tertutup sebanyak 32 item yang disusun sendiri oleh peneliti berdasarkan indikator sesuai teori dan telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data  menggunakan rumus t-test 1 sampel, dan diperoleh data bahwa menurut responden Integritas Dan Profesionalisme Guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen di SMP Se-Kecamatan Pangaribuan Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021 ≥ 75% dari yang diharapkan yaitu sebesar 80,96% dengan thitungttabel sebesar 4,389 1,671, dengan demikian Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima.
KAITAN PEMBERITAAN PARA NABI DENGAN TAURAT, HIKMAT, DAN APOKALIPTIK DALAM PERJANJIAN LAMA
Authors: Sitopu Elisamark
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper discusses the relation between the messages of the prophet with other literature in the bible. The messages from prophets, such as Jeremiah, Isiah related, to special parts in torah namely Covenant, exodus. Another parts is related to wisdom and Apocaliptic. It means we have to learn other parts of the bible in order to understand the messager of the prophetis.Keywords: Relation, message of the propetis, Literatur
KEHIDUPAN SETELAH KEMATIAN DALAM PERJANJIAN LAMA DAN KEYAKINAN BATAK TOBA
Authors: Butar-butar Grecetinovitria Merliana
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe entry of Christianity into the Batak land made a shift in the belief value of the Batak Toba people. This paper discusses beliefs about human spirit life after death in the Old Testament and in the beliefs of pre-Christian Batak people.The Israelites believed in a life form after death, death is not annihilation, but the transition to another type of existence in sheol. BatakToba people believe that there is life after death even more have power. In addition to the mention of begu, sumangot and sahala, in the Toba Batak community, people who have died arealso called tondi.Keywords: Life, After Death, Old Testament, Toba Batak Beliefs
MISI DALAM PERJANJIAN LAMA
Authors: Manullang Megawati
Published: May 2021

AbstractGenerally, missiology can be understood as the study of the Gospel messagespreading or what is better known as Sending. Thus, this Gospel spreading isconsidered as one of the main task or function of churchestht is to share the good news about Jesus Christ worldwide. Therefore, this comprehension cannot be taken wrong, however in the Old Testament, missiology has to be seen from the standpoint on “how God the Father called and sent his servants to carry out all the tasks assigned to them in order to turn the people of Israel from their stubborness so that they could be saved and not be perished in the punishment that were bounded to them’’ In the old Testament there is an obvious assignment to do the outreach mission to all nations all around the world. The main focus in the Old Testament is the choosing of Israel and its relations to the other nations.Key words: Mission, Old Testament
Pembacaan Martabat Manusia Sebagai Teks Untuk Konstruksi Budaya Damai ala Levinas dan Murdoch
Authors: Banoet Fiktor Jekson
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this century, we repeat religion-based violence and mixed with politics from the past. Beyond that, the basis of this form of violence is because it emphasizes the aspects of exclusion in diversity. All of these forms have an impact on the lowest universal value, namely human dignity (also the nature). We would indeed talk about the dignity of creation including the universe. But at this time, the purpose of this paper will only discuss how dignity has reflected only on the limits of human dignity from a theological-philosophical perspective. Especially for building a culture of peace. The dignity of the 'Liyan' must be seen as 'text'. There are many approaches and disciplines for that. However, I try to construct it at the most basic level of efforts to build a culture of peace, namely the interpersonal level. Therefore, the ethics of relations is using to re-read human dignity in diversity to reach the point of encounter, and the values of dignified relation rather than exclusion, and all violence forms as a final consequence.Keywords: the culture of peace, violence, theological-philosophical, ethical relations, diversity.