bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical assessment of small bowel capsule endoscopy in pediatric patients
Authors: Li Lin , Zhan Xue , Li Jun , Li Shuyuan , Chen Yuxia , Yang Liyan , Wang Yuting
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Small bowel capsule endoscopy is a first-line examination method for small bowel diseases, which can find small intestinal lumen and mucosal lesions.

Methods

We retrospectively assessed patients who underwent small bowel capsule endoscopy between September 2020 and May 2023 to examine their clinical and small bowel capsule endoscopic data, aiming to provide insights into the application of this technique in pediatric patients with small intestinal diseases.

Results

All instances of capsule retention were successfully resolved through enteroscopy. Of the 1140 children who completed the capsule endoscopy, 97.46% (1111/1140) underwent a comprehensive examination of the entire small intestine without experiencing any discomfort. Capsule endoscopy yielded abnormal findings in 672 cases, with a positive detection rate of 58.95%. Among the positive results, intestinal mucosal inflammatory lesions were the most prevalent, occurring in 292 cases (43.45%), followed by ulcerative or erosive lesions in 236 cases (35.12%), diverticulum in 54 cases (8.04%), and vascular lesions in 30 cases (4.46%). Lymphangiectasis was observed in 16 cases (2.38%). The distribution of positive lesions did not exhibit significant gender-based differences, but there were variations among different age groups. Among all children who completed the small bowel capsule endoscopy, the most frequently reported symptom was abdominal pain (815/1140 cases, 71.49%), followed by 130 cases (11.40%) of bloody stools or melena.

Discussion

Small bowel capsule endoscopy is well-tolerated and safe in children, carrying significant clinical importance for diagnosing abdominal pain and obscure gastrointestinal bleeding in pediatric patients.
Enhancing fieldwork readiness in occupational therapy students with generative AI
Authors: Mansour Tara , Wong John
Published: October 2024

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into health professions education is revolutionizing traditional teaching methodologies and enhancing learning experiences. This study explores the use of generative AI to aid occupational therapy (OT) students in intervention planning. OT students often lack the background knowledge to generate a wide variety of interventions, spending excessive time on idea generation rather than clinical reasoning, practice skills, and patient care. AI can enhance creative ideation but students must still adhere to evidence-based practice, patient safety, and privacy standards. Students used ChatGPT v. 3.5 in a lecture and assignment to integrate generative AI into intervention planning. Students analyzed a case study, generated ideas with ChatGPT, selected interventions that aligned with the client’s needs, and provided a rationale. They conducted evidence-based searches and wrote an analysis on how the research influenced their decisions. The results demonstrate generative AI’s potential as a valuable tool for OT students, enhancing their comfort with AI and understanding of ethical and safety considerations. Qualitative feedback highlighted AI’s role in boosting efficiency and creativity in intervention planning, with most students expressing strong intent to use ChatGPT in clinical practice due to its ability to reduce cognitive load and generate innovative ideas. These findings suggest that integrating generative AI into the OT curriculum could enhance intervention planning and improve clinical readiness.
Biocontrol agents transform the stability and functional characteristics of the grape phyllosphere microenvironment
Authors: He Tao , Yang Meng , Du Hongyan , Du Ronghui , He Yueqiu , Wang Sheng , Deng Weiping , Liu Yixiang , He Xiahong , Zhu Youyong , Zhu Shusheng , Du Fei
Published: October 2024

The spread of grape leaf diseases has a negative impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. Diseases induced by Uncinula necator significantly affect the quality of grapes. Bacillus biocontrol agents have been proven effective in disease management. However, limited research has been conducted on the impact of biocontrol agents on the assembly and potential functions of plant phyllosphere microbial communities. This study used high-throughput sequencing combined with bioinformatics analysis and culture omics technology for analysis. The results showed that biocontrol bacteria B. subtilis utilized in this study can significantly reduce the disease index of powdery mildew (p<0.05); concurrently, it exhibits a lower disease index compared to traditional fungicides. A comprehensive analysis has revealed that biocontrol bacteria have no significant impact on the diversity of phyllosphere fungi and bacteria, while fungicides can significantly reduce bacterial diversity. Additionally, biocontrol agents can increase the complexity of fungal networks and enhance the degree of modularity and stability of the bacterial network. The results also showed that the biocontrol agents, which contained a high amount of B. subtilis, were able to effectively colonize the grapevine phyllosphere, creating a microenvironment that significantly inhibits pathogenic bacteria on grape leaves while enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity. In conclusion, biocontrol agents significantly reduce the grape powdery mildew disease index, promote a microenvironment conducive to symbiotic microorganisms and beneficial bacteria, and enhance plant photosynthetic capacity. These findings provide a basis for promoting biocontrol agents and offer valuable insights into sustainable agriculture development.
Stalks and roots are the main battlefield for the coevolution between maize and Fusarium verticillioides
Authors: Xiong Hao , Xing Xiaobin , Liu Muyuan , Zhang Zhaoyu , Wang Qingjun , Zhang Xuemei , Gou Xiangjian , Lu Yanli , Feng Xuanjun
Published: October 2024

Fusarium species are the dominant cause of maize ear rot, but they also inflict serious damage to the roots and stalks. Theoretically, the organ where the host interacts with the pathogen most frequently should exhibit the highest degree of symptom-genotype correlation. Because that symptom-genotype correlation is an indicator reflecting the degree of coevolution between pathogen and its hosts. We wonder which organ is the main battlefield for the antagonism between maize and Fusarium. For this purpose, 43 isolates of Fusarium were isolated from infected maize ears. Fusarium verticillioides and F. graminearum are the two dominant pathogens, accounting for 44% and 30%, respectively. Furthermore, 14 elite maize inbreds were exposed to 43 Fusarium isolates and the symptoms of ear rot, stalk rot and root rot were investigated. In general, symptoms caused by F. graminearum were significantly more severe than those caused by other Fusarium species. Surprisingly, the genotype of F. verticillioides showed a strong correlation with stalk and root rot, but not with ear rot. Accordingly, our study may provide the first evidence that the stalk and root of maize, rather than the ear, is the main battlefield for the coevolution between maize and F. verticillioides.
Case Report: Trauma group therapy with karate-do for war-traumatized children and adolescents
Authors: Montenegro Mirjam Straub Ortiz , Montenegro Patricio Ortiz , Voegeli Fabian
Published: October 2024

Background

From the viewpoint of health and education, traumatized children and adolescents who have fled from war and conflict zones to Switzerland represent a high-risk group, as they suffer from psychiatric symptoms to an above-average extent and on several levels: somatic, psychological, psychosomatic, and psychosocial.

Objectives

The complexity and severity of these problems overwhelm the existing school structures in many cases: There is a clear need for psychotherapeutic interventions here that goes beyond purely verbal conversational therapy and provides an holistic concept.

Methods

We propose the following novel approach: “Trauma group therapy with karate-do for war-traumatized children and adolescents” which integrates and applies the evidence-based methods of integrative Budo-Therapy, trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT), Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) and Integrative Gestalt Therapy according to Dr. Hilarion Petzold (EAG-FPI) and validated it in a group of approximately 12 children from war and conflict zones who attend the public schools of the city of Zürich.

Results

Qualitative feedback received from the teachers is promising. They report that it is now better possible for the children who go to ouer “Trauma group therapy with karate-do for war-traumatized children and adolescents” to concentrate at school and also to better regulate their feelings.

Conclusion

Ouer approach seems to be a promising intervention for traumatized children and adolecents. Though it needs further evaluation.
Exploring the link between the pediatric exposome, respiratory health, and executive function in children: a narrative review
Authors: Alcala Cecilia S. , Lane Jamil M. , Midya Vishal , Eggers Shoshannah , Wright Robert O. , Rosa Maria José
Published: October 2024

Asthma is a highly prevalent inflammatory condition, significantly affecting nearly six million U.S. children and impacting various facets of their developmental trajectories including neurodevelopment. Evidence supports a link between pediatric environmental exposures in two key areas: asthma and executive function (E.F.). E.F.s are a collective of higher-order cognitive processes facilitating goal-oriented behaviors. Studies also identify asthma-associated E.F. impairments in children. However, limited research has evaluated the inter-relationships among environmental exposures, asthma, and E.F. in children. This review explored relevant research to identify and connect the potential mechanisms and pathways underlying these dynamic associations. The review suggests that the role of the pediatric exposome may function through (1) several underlying biological pathways (i.e., the lung-brain axis, neuroendocrine system, and hypoxia), which could drive asthma and maladaptive E.F. in children and (2) the relationships between the exposome, asthma, and E.F. is a bidirectional linkage. The review reveals essential synergistic links between asthma and E.F. deficits, highlighting the potential role of the pediatric exposome.
Factors influencing human papillomavirus vaccine uptake among parents and teachers of schoolgirls in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fallatah Deema I. , Khalil Mohammad Adnan , Abd ElHafeez Samar , Gouda Salma , Alshanbari Huda M. , Awadalla Maaweya , Ahram Mamoun , Alosaimi Bandar
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Cervical cancer is a highly prevalent disease among women worldwide. However, the advent of a vaccine against HPV, the main cause of the disease, has prevented its spread. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine to different sectors of the Saudi community has yet to be clarified. Since parents and teachers are major influencers in the decision-making process of vaccination for HPV, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of teachers and parents toward cervical cancer, HPV, and the HPV vaccine, and unraveled the factors that would influence recommending the vaccine.

Methods

A cross sectional study was done among 927 individuals (373 teachers and 356 parents). A newly developed validated questionnaire was used to collect data on knowledge, attitude, and factors influencing cervical cancer, HPV, HPV vaccine. The relationship between different factors with knowledge and attitude were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Of the study participants, 94% were females, with a median (Interquartile range) age of 38(31–44) years, 12.2% were teachers, 38.7% were parents and 49.1% were parents and teachers. The majority (78.5%) were married, and 75.6% had at least one child. Among those with children, 88.6% had at least one girl, and among those with girls, 72.2% had at least one girl aged between 10 and 18 years. The total median (IQR) knowledge score was 9 [(−5)–(−26)] and the total median (IQR) attitude score was 49 (43–56). The knowledge score significantly increased by receiving postgraduate education, working in the health or education sectors, if a person knew someone diagnosed with cervical cancer, having girls in the age group of 10–18 years, reading about medical issues or having previously heard about the HPV vaccine. The attitude score significantly increased by high knowledge score and decreased if the person has previously diagnosed with cervical cancer.

Conclusion

Physician’s recommendation and the amount of information on the HPV vaccine, opinions about vaccines in general, and government decrees are the main factors influencing decision on HPV vaccine Uptake. This study emphasizes the role of healthcare providers, awareness of cervical cancer, HPV and its vaccine, and social status, in favoring vaccine uptake in Saudi Arabia.
Mechanism of cognitive processing for acupuncture action on generalized anxiety with naturally occurring consecutive partial sleep deprivation in early adulthood: a randomized controlled study and evaluation of event-related potentials
Authors: Shi Ce , Wu Lihua , Fu Wen , Gao Jing , Jiang Haishui , Wang Mengyu , Chen Xinwang
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common mental disorder that often begins in adolescence or early adulthood and is characterized by widespread and persistent anxiety. Partial sleep deprivation (PSD) is an important risk factor for GAD development and a common comorbidity. Adolescence is a period of rapid brain and nervous system development, and during this time, the occurrence of GAD can lead to neurocognitive deficits, such as impaired attention, cognitive control, and attention bias, that significantly affect cognitive function. However, relatively little research has been conducted on GAD comorbid with PSD in early adulthood compared with other psychiatric disorders. Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating GAD and sleep disorders, but the mechanism of how acupuncture modulates neurocognitive processing in patients with GAD comorbid with PSD has not been clarified.

Methods/design

In this randomized clinical trial, a total of 56 participants diagnosed with GAD comorbid with naturally occurring PSD and 28 healthy controls (HCs) will be recruited. The participants diagnosed with GAD comorbid with PSD will be randomly assigned to either the acupuncture group or the sham acupuncture group at a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome measure is the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA). Secondary outcome measures are the Sleep Deprivation Index (SDI), the Self-Assessment Scale for Anxiety (SAS), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Additionally, three psychological paradigms (the attentional network test, psychomotor vigilance test, and emotional face Go/No-go) and event-related potential (ERP) data. Healthy volunteers will not undergo acupuncture but will instead participate in baseline assessments for the scales, mental paradigms, and ERP data. Acupuncture and sham acupuncture interventions will be conducted for 30 min, three times a week, over a 2-week period. Evaluations will be performed at zero weeks (baseline), 1 week, and 2 weeks, with the data enumerator, outcome assessor, and participant blinded to the treatment assignment.

Discussion

This study contributes to the exploration of the effects of acupuncture on improving anxiety symptoms and cognitive functions in individuals with comorbid GAD and PSD.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR2400082221. Registered March 25, 2024.
The 3 I’s of immunity and aging: immunosenescence, inflammaging, and immune resilience
Authors: Wrona Marianna V. , Ghosh Rituparna , Coll Kaitlyn , Chun Connor , Yousefzadeh Matthew J.
Published: October 2024

As we age, our immune system’s ability to effectively respond to pathogens declines, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence. This age-related deterioration affects both innate and adaptive immunity, compromising immune function and leading to chronic inflammation that accelerates aging. Immunosenescence is characterized by alterations in immune cell populations and impaired functionality, resulting in increased susceptibility to infections, diminished vaccine efficacy, and higher prevalence of age-related diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation further exacerbates these issues, contributing to a decline in overall health and resilience. This review delves into the characteristics of immunosenescence and examines the various intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to immune aging and how the hallmarks of aging and cell fates can play a crucial role in this process. Additionally, it discusses the impact of sex, age, social determinants, and gut microbiota health on immune aging, illustrating the complex interplay of these factors in altering immune function. Furthermore, the concept of immune resilience is explored, focusing on the metrics for assessing immune health and identifying strategies to enhance immune function. These strategies include lifestyle interventions such as diet, regular physical activity, stress management, and the use of gerotherapeutics and other approaches. Understanding and mitigating the effects of immunosenescence are crucial for developing interventions that support robust immune responses in aged individuals.
Nurturing the sustainable food systems: crafting policies and practices for crop diversification in Bangladesh
Authors: Nandi Ravi , Krupnik Timothy J. , Kabir Wais , Jackson Tamara
Published: October 2024

Bangladesh’s agriculture is highly rice-centric. Although economically rational, this is also risky, and arguably unsustainable. As a result, there is increasing interest in crop diversification (CD). This study examines the policy environment and the implementation of projects promoting CD in Bangladesh from 1971 to the present. An integrated analytical framework, developed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Center (CIMMYT) was used. Despite numerous policies and projects aimed at promoting CD, progress remains limited due to historical biases and various challenges. This research identifies a significant gap in existing approaches, which primarily focus on production aspects while neglecting market systems for new crops. Additionally, inadequate coordination among government agencies has impacted the effectiveness of projects implemented by development partners. The study highlights that CD efforts have been largely project-driven and short-lived, emphasizing the need for mainstreaming CD with dedicated annual funding to ensure long-term sustainability. Key challenges in funding, market development, and implementation are identified. The study recommends mainstreaming CD through annual budgets and enhancing market linkages. Furthermore, it provides actionable guidelines for policymakers and practitioners to effectively promote and sustain crop diversification in Bangladesh’s agriculture.
Spray-dried plasma protects against rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis via regulating macrophage and T cells divergence in weanling pigs
Authors: Yan Hui , Dong Biqiong , Li Xipeng , He Jun , Yu Bing , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , Luo Yuheng , Luo Junqiu , Wu Aimin , Pu Junning , Wang Quyuan , Wang Huifen , Crenshaw Joe , Shen Yanbin , Chen Daiwen
Published: October 2024

Infectious gastroenteritis is the major cause for diarrhea in piglets. The protection of spray-dried plasma (SDP) on viral gastroenteritis during the progression of rotavirus (RV) infection remain unclear. In this study, 64 weanling piglets were randomly assigned to control diets (n = 40) and SDP diets (n = 24) for 14 days, and then pigs were challenged with RV on day 15. Pigs were sacrificed on day 14 (normal condition), day 18 (manifestation stage), and day 21 (convalescent stage) of the trial. Prior to RV infection, SDP increased ADG, M1 macrophages and CD4+ T cells in different organs without increasing proinflammatory cytokines, indicating a more robust immunity with less inflammation. During the manifestation of infection, SDP enhanced mucosal immunity by increasing M1 macrophages, M1/M2 ratio and cytokines in mucosa and increasing intraepithelial CD8+ T cells for RV clearance. During the convalescence, SDP promoted M2 macrophage polarization and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines to facilitate intestinal repair and prevent prolonged inflammation. Collectively, SDP enhanced mucosal immunity to promote viral clearance and maintained immune homeostasis to prevent long-lasting inflammation as a therapeutically approach for infectious gastroenteritis.
Multilevel Factors Influencing the Requirement for Geriatric Nursing by Older Adults Living With HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Li Mei , Luo Yue , Ren Jian Lan , Zheng Yu , Watson Roger , Chen Yan Hua
Published: October 2024

Objectives

People living with HIV are aging. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing the requirements for geriatric nursing of older adults living with HIV (OALHIV).

Methods

Convenience sampling was used to conduct a survey on the 295 OALHIV aged over 50 in Luzhou, China.

Results

OALHIV had few needs for living care needs. Most people indicate a requirement for reducing medical costs. Regarding psychological comfort needs, disease privacy and confidentiality were the greatest requirement. Multivariable regression analyses found that social support had a positive influence on the requirements for geriatric nursing.

Conclusion

It is necessary to provide more social support for OALHIV. Most importantly, China should incorporate OALHIV into national pension security plan, integrate various resources and improve social security for them.
Interaction of a Dense Layer of Solid Particles with a Shock Wave Propagating in a Tube
Authors: Volkov Konstantin
Published: October 2024

A numerical simulation of an unsteady gas flow containing inert solid particles in a shock tube is carried out using the interpenetrating continuum model. The gas and dispersed phases are characterized by governing equations that express the concepts of mass, momentum, and energy conservation as well as an equation that shows the change of the volume fraction of the dispersed phase. Using a Godunov-type approach, the hyperbolic governing equations are solved numerically with an increased order of accuracy. The working section of the shock tube containing air and solid particles of various sizes is considered. The shock wave structure is discussed and computational results provide the spatial and temporal dependencies of the particle concentration and other flow quantities. The numerical simulation results are compared with available experimental and computational data.
Influence of Artemisia dubia Wall and Pig Manual Digestate on Winter Wheat Productivity and Grain Quality
Authors: Baksinskaite Ausra , Doyeni Modupe Olufemi , Tilvikiene Vita
Published: October 2024

Sustainable agriculture aims to use biological resources to improve crop quality and productivity. This approach promotes alternatives, such as replacing synthetic pesticides with biological ones and substituting mineral fertilizers with organic fertilizers. Field trials were conducted using two different factors: fertilizer treatments (ammonium nitrate and pig manure digestate) and plant protection treatments (pesticides, Artemisia dubia Wall biomass mulch, and strips). After harvesting the winter wheat, the productivity and quality (weight of 1000 grains, protein, gluten, starch, sedimentation of grains) were evaluated. The two-year studies showed that pig manure digestate positively affected winter wheat grain quality. Mugwort biomass outperformed other plant protection options in three key grain quality indicators (protein, gluten, and sedimentation). Furthermore, in 2023, the highest grain yield of 5798 ± 125 kg ha−1 was observed in the pesticides and pig manure digestate treatment. The quick impact and mode of action of vegetation pesticides were more easily felt over the two years of study, leading to the highest yield of wheat grains compared to other plant management measures. This study shows that mugwort biomass can positively influence wheat grain quality, a significant milestone in utilizing nonfood crops as alternatives for agricultural productivity.
Effects of Humic Acid from Weathered Coal on Water-Stable Aggregates and Pore Structure of a Reclaimed Cambisol
Authors: Di Xiaoying , Fan Wenhua , Meng Qinghui , Liu Fenwu , Wang Gailing
Published: October 2024

To clarify the effects of weathered coal humic acid on water-stable aggregates and pore characteristics of reclaimed cambisol, this research analyzed the evolution characteristics of soil aggregates and pores. Effects of different humic acid dosages (0, 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight) and application period (1 year, 2 years, and 3 years) on soil aggregates and organic carbon components in soil water-stable aggregates were investigated. The results showed that it is advisable to have an addition of 5% weathered coal humic acid in reclaimed cambisol. The humic acid of weathered coal promoted the disintegration and transformation of water-stable aggregates and increased soil pore p > 75 μm. At 3 years, the structure of reclaimed soil was the most stable, with more robust connected pores, and the irregular pores increased. The humic acid of weathered coal has the potential to be used as an effective organic amendment for improving the quality of reclaimed cambisol.
Stability of Gastric Fluid and Fecal Microbial Populations in Healthy Horses under Pasture and Stable Conditions
Authors: Bishop Rebecca C. , Kemper Ann M. , Clark Lindsay V. , Wilkins Pamela A. , McCoy Annette M.
Published: October 2024

Equine gastrointestinal microbial communities vary across the gastrointestinal tract and in response to diet or disease. Understanding the composition and stability of gastric fluid microbiota in healthy horses is a prerequisite to understanding changes associated with the development of disease. The objective of this study was to describe microbial communities in the gastric fluid and feces of healthy horses longitudinally. Horses were maintained on pasture (6 weeks), stabled (5 weeks), then returned to pasture. A consistent forage diet was provided throughout. Native gastric fluid and feces were collected weekly for full-length 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing and microbial profiling analysis. Fewer taxa were identified in the gastric fluid (770) than in the feces (5284). Species richness and diversity were significantly different between sample types (p < 0.001), but not between housing locations (p = 0.3). There was a significant effect of housing and horse on the Bray–Curtis compositional diversity of gastric (p = 0.005; p = 0.009) and fecal (p = 0.001; p = 0.001) microbiota. When horses moved from pasture to stable, the relative proportions of gastric fluid Lactobacillaceae increased and Streptococcaceae decreased, while fecal Firmicutes increased and Bacteriodota decreased. Within each housing condition, there was no significant week-to-week variation in gastric (p = 0.9) or fecal (p = 0.09) microbiota. Overall, these findings support the maintenance of stable gastric and fecal microbial populations under each management condition, providing a basis for further investigation of gastric fluid microbiota in diseases of the foregut.
Phylogenetic Relations and High-Altitude Adaptation in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), Identified Using Genome-Wide Data
Authors: Fang Shiyong , Zhang Haoyuan , Long Haoyuan , Zhang Dongjie , Chen Hongyue , Yang Xiuqin , Pan Hongmei , Pan Xiao , Liu Di , E Guangxin
Published: October 2024

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) wild boar is an excellent model for investigating high-altitude adaptation. In this study, we analyzed genome-wide data from 93 wild boars compiled from various studies worldwide, including the QTP, southern and northern regions of China, Europe, Northeast Asia, and Southeast Asia, to explore their phylogenetic patterns and high-altitude adaptation based on genome-wide selection signal analysis and run of homozygosity (ROH) estimation. The findings demonstrate the alignment between the phylogenetic associations among wild boars and their geographical location. An ADMIXTURE analysis indicated a relatively close genetic relationship between QTP and southern Chinese wild boars. Analyses of the fixation index and cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity between populations revealed 295 candidate genes (CDGs) associated with high-altitude adaptation, such as TSC2, TELO2, SLC5A1, and SLC5A4. These CDGs were significantly overrepresented in pathways such as the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and Fanconi anemia pathways. In addition, 39 ROH islands and numerous selective CDGs (e.g., SLC5A1, SLC5A4, and VCP), which are implicated in glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function, were discovered in QTP wild boars. This study not only assessed the phylogenetic history of QTP wild boars but also advanced our comprehension of the genetic mechanisms underlying the adaptation of wild boars to high altitudes.
An Automatic Movement Monitoring Method for Group-Housed Pigs
Authors: Liang Ziyuan , Xu Aijun , Ye Junhua , Zhou Suyin , Weng Xiaoxing , Bao Sian
Published: October 2024

Continuous movement monitoring helps quickly identify pig abnormalities, enabling immediate action to enhance pig welfare. However, continuous and precise monitoring of daily pig movement on farms remains challenging. We present an approach to automatically and precisely monitor the movement of group-housed pigs. The instance segmentation model YOLOv8m-seg was applied to detect the presence of pigs. We then applied a spatial moment algorithm to quantitatively summarize each detected pig’s contour as a corresponding center point. The agglomerative clustering (AC) algorithm was subsequently used to gather the pig center points of a single frame into one point representing the group-housed pigs’ position, and the movement volume was obtained by calculating the displacements of the clustered group-housed pigs’ center points of consecutive frames. We employed the method to monitor the movement of group-housed pigs from April to July 2023; more than 1500 h of top-down pig videos were recorded by a surveillance camera. The F1 scores of the trained YOLOv8m-seg model during training were greater than 90% across most confidence levels, and the model achieved an mAP50-95 of 0.96. The AC algorithm performs with an average extraction time of less than 1 millisecond; this method can run efficiently on commodity hardware.
Achievements in Applications of Antioxidants and Bioactive Compounds in Food: From Agriculture to Health Benefits
Authors: Kurek Mia , Debeaufort Frédéric , Voilley Andrée
Published: October 2024

Natural foods and food components are becoming increasingly popular worldwide because people are concerned about eating healthy diets [...]
A Study on the Pre-Survey and Plan for the Establishment of the Korean Typhoon Impact-Based Forecast
Authors: Na Hana , Jung Woo-Sik
Published: October 2024

The intensity of typhoons affecting the Korean Peninsula has been rapidly increasing, resulting in significant damage. Notably, this intensification correlates with the rise in Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the western Pacific Ocean and surrounding sea areas, where typhoons that impact the Korean Peninsula originate and develop. The SST in these regions is increasing at a faster rate than the global average. Typhoon-related meteorological disasters are not isolated events, such as strong winds, heavy rains, or storm surges, but rather multi-hazard occurrences that can affect different areas simultaneously. As a result, preparation and evaluation must address multi-hazard disasters, rather than focusing on individual weather phenomena. This study develops the Typhoon Ready System (TRS) to improve impact-based forecasting in Korea, in response to the growing threat of multi-hazard weather disasters. By providing region-specific pre-disaster information, the TRS enables local governments and individuals to better prepare for and mitigate the impacts of typhoons. The system will be continuously refined in collaboration with the U.S. Weather-Ready Nation (WRN), which possesses advanced impact forecasting capabilities. The findings of this study offer a crucial framework for enhancing Korea’s ability to forecast and respond to the escalating threats posed by typhoons. By utilizing the TRS, it will be possible to assess the risks of various multi-hazard weather disasters specific to each region during the typhoon forecast period, and the relevant data can be efficiently applied at both the individual and local government levels for typhoon prevention efforts. The system will be continuously improved through cooperation with the U.S. WRN, leveraging their advanced impact forecasting systems. It is expected that the TRS will enhance the accuracy of typhoon impact forecasts, which have been responsible for significant damage in Korea.
Variations of Planetary Wave Activity in the Lower Stratosphere in February as a Predictor of Ozone Depletion in the Arctic in March
Authors: Vargin Pavel , Koval Andrey , Guryanov Vladimir , Volodin Eugene , Rozanov Eugene
Published: October 2024

This study is dedicated to the investigation of the relationship between the wave activity in February and temperature variations in the Arctic lower stratosphere in March. To study this relationship, the correlation coefficients (CCs) between the minimum temperature of the Arctic lower stratosphere in March (Tmin) and the amplitude of the planetary wave with zonal number 1 (PW1) in February were calculated. Tmin determines the conditions for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) following the chemical destruction of the ozone layer. The NCEP and ERA5 reanalysis data and the modern and future climate simulations of the Earth system models INM CM5 and SOCOLv4 were employed. It is shown that the maximum significant CC value between Tmin at 70 hPa in the polar region in March and the amplitude of the PW1 in February in the reanalysis data in the lower stratosphere is 0.67 at the pressure level of 200 hPa. The CCs calculated using the model data are characterized by maximum values of ~0.5, also near the same pressure level. Thus, it is demonstrated that the change in the planetary wave activity in the lower extratropical stratosphere in February can be one of the predictors of the Tmin. For further analysis of the dynamic structure in the lower stratosphere, composites of 10 seasons with the lowest and highest Tmin of the Arctic lower stratosphere in March were assembled. For these composites, differences in the vertical distribution and total ozone content, surface temperature, and residual meridional circulation (RMC) were considered, and features of the spatial distribution of wave activity fluxes were investigated. The obtained results may be useful for the development of forecasting of the Arctic winter stratosphere circulation, especially for the late winter season, when substantial ozone depletion occurs in some years.
Investigation of the Oscillatory Behavior of the Solutions of a Class of Third-Order Delay Differential Equations with Several Terms
Authors: Al-Jaser Asma , Saoud Insaf F. Ben , Ramos Higinio , Qaraad Belgees
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we address the study of the oscillatory properties of the solutions of a class of third-order delay differential equations. The primary objective of this study is to provide new relationships that can be employed to obtain criteria for excluding increasing positive solutions and decreasing positive solutions so that the resulting criteria are easier to apply than other criteria that have appeared in the literature. We have obtained new oscillation criteria that hold up more robustly upon application. Some examples are presented to illustrate the significance of our main findings.
Using Artificial Neural Networks to Solve the Gross–Pitaevskii Equation
Authors: Tsoulos Ioannis G. , Stavrou Vasileios N. , Tsalikakis Dimitrios
Published: October 2024

The current work proposes the incorporation of an artificial neural network to solve the Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE) efficiently, using a few realistic external potentials. With the assistance of neural networks, a model is formed that is capable of solving this equation. The adaptation of the parameters for the constructed model is performed using some evolutionary techniques, such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization. The proposed model is used to solve the GPE for the linear case (γ=0) and the nonlinear case (γ≠0), where γ is the nonlinearity parameter in GPE. The results are close to the reported results regarding the behavior and the amplitudes of the wavefunctions.
Transient and Steady-State Analysis of an M/PH2/1 Queue with Catastrophes
Authors: Liu Youxin , Liu Liwei , Jiang Tao , Chai Xudong
Published: October 2024

In the paper, we consider the PH2-distribution, which is a particular case of the PH-distribution. In other words, The first service phase is exponentially distributed, and the service rate is μ. After the first service phase, the customer can to go away with probability p or continue the service with probability (1−p) and service rate μ′. We study an analysis of an M/PH2/1 queue model with catastrophes, which is regarded as a generalization of an M/M/1 queue model with catastrophes. Whenever a catastrophe happens, all customers will be cleaned up immediately, and the queuing system is empty. The customers arrive at the queuing system based on a Poisson process, and the total service duration has two phases. Transient probabilities and steady-state probabilities of this queuing system are considered using practical applications of the modified Bessel function of the first kind, the Laplace transform, and probability-generating function techniques. Moreover, some important performance measures are obtained in the system. Finally, numerical illustrations are used to discuss the system’s behavior, and conclusions and future directions of the model are given.
A Kinematic Approach to the Classical SIR Model
Authors: Córdova-Lepe Fernando , Gutiérrez-Jara Juan Pablo , Vogt-Geisse Katia
Published: October 2024

Given the risk and impact of infectious-contagious X diseases, which are expected to increase in frequency and unpredictability due to climate change and anthropogenic penetration of the wilderness, it is crucial to advance descriptions and explanations that improve the understanding and applicability of current theories. An inferential approach is to find analogies with better-studied contexts from which new questions and hypotheses can be raised through their concepts, propositions, and methods. Kinematics emerges as a promising analog field in physics by interpreting states’ changes in a contagion process as a movement. Consequently, this work explores, for a contagion process, the representations and conceptual equivalents for position, displacement, velocity, momentum, and acceleration, introducing some metrics. It also discusses some epistemological aspects and proposes future perspectives.
General Machine Learning Approaches for Lithium-Ion Battery Capacity Fade Compared to Empirical Models
Authors: Mayemba Quentin , Ducret Gabriel , Li An , Mingant Rémy , Venet Pascal
Published: October 2024

Today’s growing demand for lithium-ion batteries across various industrial sectors has introduced a new concern: battery aging. This issue necessitates the development of tools and models that can accurately predict battery aging. This study proposes a general framework for constructing battery aging models using machine learning techniques and compares these models with two existing empirical models, including a commercial one. To build the models, the databases produced by EVERLASTING and Bills et al. were utilized. The aim is to create universally applicable models that can address any battery-aging scenario. In this study, three types of models were developed: a vanilla neural network, a neural network inspired by extreme learning machines, and an encoder coupled with a neural network. The inputs for these models are derived from established knowledge in battery science, allowing the models to capture aging effects across different use cases. The models were trained on cells subjected to specific aging conditions and they were tested on other cells from the same database that experienced different aging conditions. The results obtained during the test for the vanilla neural network showed an RMSE of 1.3% on the Bills et al. test data and an RMSE of 2.7% on the EVERLASTING data, demonstrating similar or superior performance compared to the empirical models and proving the ability of the models to capture battery aging.
Advances in Medical Image Segmentation: A Comprehensive Review of Traditional, Deep Learning and Hybrid Approaches
Authors: Xu Yan , Quan Rixiang , Xu Weiting , Huang Yi , Chen Xiaolong , Liu Fengyuan
Published: October 2024

Medical image segmentation plays a critical role in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, enabling precise analysis across a wide range of clinical tasks. This review begins by offering a comprehensive overview of traditional segmentation techniques, including thresholding, edge-based methods, region-based approaches, clustering, and graph-based segmentation. While these methods are computationally efficient and interpretable, they often face significant challenges when applied to complex, noisy, or variable medical images. The central focus of this review is the transformative impact of deep learning on medical image segmentation. We delve into prominent deep learning architectures such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs), U-Net, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), Adversarial Networks (GANs), and Autoencoders (AEs). Each architecture is analyzed in terms of its structural foundation and specific application to medical image segmentation, illustrating how these models have enhanced segmentation accuracy across various clinical contexts. Finally, the review examines the integration of deep learning with traditional segmentation methods, addressing the limitations of both approaches. These hybrid strategies offer improved segmentation performance, particularly in challenging scenarios involving weak edges, noise, or inconsistent intensities. By synthesizing recent advancements, this review provides a detailed resource for researchers and practitioners, offering valuable insights into the current landscape and future directions of medical image segmentation.
Multifunctional Nanoemulsified Clinacanthus nutans Extract: Synergistic Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Biofilm, Anti-Inflammatory, and Metabolic Modulation Effects against Periodontitis
Authors: Pechroj Sirintip , Kaewkod Thida , Sattayawat Pachara , Inta Angkhana , Suriyaprom Sureeporn , Yata Teerapong , Tragoolpua Yingmanee , Promputtha Itthayakorn
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the therapeutic potential of Clinacanthus nutans extracts, focusing on the 95% ethanol (95E) extract and its nanoemulsified form, against oral pathogens and their bioactive effects. The findings demonstrate potent antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus, essential for combating periodontal diseases, and significant anti-biofilm properties crucial for plaque management. Additionally, the extracts exhibit promising inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase enzymes, indicating potential for diabetes management through glucose metabolism regulation. Their anti-inflammatory properties, evidenced by reduced nitric oxide production, underscore their potential for treating oral infections and inflammation. Notably, the nanoemulsified 95E extract shows higher efficiency than the conventional extract, suggesting a multifunctional treatment approach for periodontal issues and metabolic disorders. These results highlight the enhanced efficacy of the nanoemulsified extract, proposing it as an effective treatment modality for periodontal disease in diabetic patients. This research offers valuable insights into the development of innovative drug delivery systems using natural remedies for improved periodontal care in diabetic populations.
Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory/Immunomodulatory Effect of Teucrium montanum L. Extract in Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Bufan Biljana , Marčetić Mirjana , Djuretić Jasmina , Ćuruvija Ivana , Blagojević Veljko , Božić Dragana D. , Milutinović Violeta , Janković Radmila , Sopta Jelena , Kotur-Stevuljević Jelena , Arsenović-Ranin Nevena
Published: October 2024

The anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory effects of Teucrium montanum L. (TM), a plant distributed in the Mediterranean region, have been insufficiently examined. The effects of the TM ethanol extract were tested in a rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model of rheumatoid arthritis. LC-MS was used for the phytochemical analysis of the TM extract. Dark Agouti rats were immunized with bovine type II collagen (CII) in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant for CIA, and treated with 100 or 200 mg/kg of TM extract daily via oral administration. Clinical and histopathological evaluations and a flow cytometric analysis of the phenotypic and functional characteristics of splenocytes and draining lymph node cells were performed. The cytokines in the paw tissue culture supernatants and anti-CII antibodies in serum were determined by ELISA. The TM extract, with the dominant components verbascoside and luteolin 7-O-rutinoside, reduced the arthritic score and ankle joint inflammation in CIA rats, promoted the antioxidant profile in serum, and lowered pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production. It suppressed the activation status of CD11b+ cells by lowering CD86, MHCII and TLR-4 expression, and promoted the Th17/T regulatory cell (Tregs) balance towards Tregs. A lower frequency of B cells was accompanied by a lower level of anti-CII antibodies in treated rats. These findings imply the favorable effect of TM extract on the clinical presentation of CIA, suggesting its anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory action and potential therapeutic effect.
Diversity and Evolution of NLR Genes in Citrus Species
Authors: Xiong Zhiwei , Zhang Wanshan , Yin Hui , Wan Jiaxing , Wu Zhuozhuo , Gao Yuxia
Published: October 2024

NLR genes are crucial components of the effector-triggered immunity (ETI) system, responsible for recognizing pathogens and initiating immune responses. Although NLR genes in many plant species have been extensively studied, the diversity of NLR genes in citrus remains largely unknown. Our analysis revealed significant variations in the copy numbers of NLR genes among these species. Gene duplication and recombination were identified as the major driving forces behind this diversity. Additionally, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) emerged as the principal mechanism responsible for the increase in NLR gene copy number in A. buxifolia. The citrus NLR genes were classified into four categories: TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL), CC-NBS-LRR (CNL), RPW8-NBS-LRR (RNL), and NL. Our findings indicate that TNL, RNL, and CNL genes originated from NL genes through the acquisition of TIR and RPW8 domains, along with CC motifs, followed by the random loss of corresponding domains. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that citrus NLR genes originated alongside the species and underwent adaptive evolution, potentially playing crucial roles in the global colonization of citrus. This study provides important insights into the diversity of citrus NLR genes and serves as a foundational dataset for future research aimed at breeding disease-resistant citrus varieties.