bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyses of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structures of Sporothrix spp. Clinical Isolates from Paraíba, Brazil
Authors: da Silva Larissa Alves , de Carvalho Jamile Ambrósio , de Oliveira e Lima Luanna , da Silva Neto Francisco Bernardino , de Oliveira Lima Edeltrudes , da Silva Rocha Walicyranison Plínio , de Camargo Zoilo Pires , Rodrigues Anderson Messias , Dulgheroff Ana Carolina Bernardes , Guerra Felipe Queiroga Sarmento
Published: December 2024

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis of global distribution, capable of affecting both humans and animals, and caused by species of the genus Sporothrix spp. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and mating type distribution of clinical isolates of human sporotrichosis in Paraíba, Brazil, to better understand the population structure, epidemiology, and diversification of this pathogen, as well as to explore possible transmission routes. Methods: A total of 36 clinical isolates were morphologically identified, and clinical and demographic data were collected. Fungal DNA extraction was then performed, followed by species-specific PCR using markers targeting the calmodulin gene. The mating type idiomorph of the species was identified by PCR using primers targeting the MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 loci. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) was used to evaluate the genetic variability of Sporothrix spp. Results: The distribution of the disease identified that all cases occurred in João Pessoa and adjacent cities. From the 36 isolates, the majority (75%) being affected females, a prevalent occurrence of the lymphocutaneous form, and 98% zoonotic transmission were confirmed. Micro- and macromorphological structures were similar to each other, confirming Sporothrix spp. All isolates were confirmed as S. brasiliensis and the presence of a single sexual idiomorph, MAT1-2, was detected. The AFLP results indicate the possibility of the circulation of one or two genetic groups in João Pessoa and the metropolitan region. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first time isolates in the Paraíba state are genetically characterised, all identified as Sporothrix brasiliensis. It is likely that this species in Paraiba originated from Rio de Janeiro, as all they possess the MAT1-2 idiomorph, indicating low intergenotypic variation.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation–Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) in Neurosurgery: Unexplored Path Towards Personalized Brain Surgery
Authors: Oliveira Martim , Ribeiro Sofia , Baig Mirza Asfand , Vastani Amisha , Díaz-Baamonde Alba , Tanaka Masumi , Elhag Ali , Marchi Francesco , Ghimire Prajwal , Fayez Feras , Patel Sabina , Gullan Richard , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Ashkan Keyoumars , Vergani Francesco , Mirallave-Pescador Ana , Lavrador José Pedro
Published: December 2024

Background: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation–Electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is a non-operative technique that allows for magnetic cortical stimulation (TMS) and analysis of the electrical currents generated in the brain (EEG). Despite the regular utilization of both techniques independently, little is known about the potential impact of their combination in neurosurgical practice. Methods: This scoping review, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, focused on TMS-EEG in epilepsy, neuro-oncology, and general neurosurgery. A literature search in Embase and Ovid MEDLINE returned 3596 records, which were screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After full-text review, three studies met the inclusion criteria. Two independent investigators conducted study selection and data extraction, with mediators resolving disagreements. The NHLBI tool was used to assess risk of bias in the included studies. Results: A total of 3596 articles were screened following the above-mentioned criteria: two articles and one abstract met the inclusion criteria. TMS-EEG is mentioned as a promising tool to evaluate tumor–brain interaction, improve preoperative speech mapping, and for lateralization epileptic focus in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery. Lack of detailed patient and outcome information preclude further considerations about TMS-EEG use beyond the potential applications of this technique. Conclusions: TMS-EEG research in neurosurgery is required to establish the role of this non-invasive brain stimulation-recording technique. Tumor–brain interaction, preoperative mapping, and seizure lateralization are in the front row for its future applications.
Factors Influencing Site Selection for Higher Education Institutes: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lou Yan , Azadi Hossein , Witlox Frank
Published: December 2024

Higher education institutions can play an important role in improving society by training productive and committed people through providing knowledge, skills, and necessary values. Studying and conducting research in an optimal location in terms of institute accessibility, resilience against natural and external hazards, and environmental comfort is important for the maximum effectiveness of training. The current study explored which factors contribute to site selection for higher education institutes globally. To do so, a literature review and meta-analysis using secondary data from 1990 to 2024 were conducted to integrate findings from 37 original papers. The results showed that so-called socioeconomic health conditions, student considerations on institute accessibility, and transport services are very important. As such, the socioeconomic health scenarios that affect the improvement of institute location suitability should be given global attention. In addition, we recommend that attention be paid to increasing the level of awareness among individuals about economic features and making necessary interventions for educational infrastructure protection.
Forecasting of Grasslands Distribution on Mount Zireia Using Ecological Niche Modeling and Future Climatic Scenarios
Authors: Karatassiou Maria , Stergiou Afroditi , Chouvardas Dimitrios , Tarhouni Mohamed , Ragkos Athanasios
Published: December 2024

Grassland ecosystems cover a high percentage of the terrestrial habitats of Earth and support the livelihood and well-being of at least one-fifth of the human population. Climate change and human activities are causing increasing pressure on arid and semi-arid regions. Land use/cover change significantly affects the function and distribution of grasslands, showing diverse patterns across space and time. The study investigated the spatial distribution of grasslands of Mount Zireia (Peloponnesus, Greece) using MaxEnt modeling based on CMIP6 models (CNRM-CM6 and CCMCC-ESM2) and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP 245 and SSP 585) covering the period of 1970–2100. The results from the current (1970–2000) and several future periods (2020–2100) revealed that the MaxEnt model provided highly accurate forecasts. The grassland distribution was found to be significantly impacted by climate change, with impacts varying by period, scenario, and climate model used. In particular, the CNRM-CM6-1 model forecasts a substantial increase in grasslands at higher elevations up to 2100 m asl. The research emphasizes the importance of exploring the combined impacts of climate change and grazing intensity on land use and cover changes in mountainous grasslands.
Evaluating the Economic Efficiency of Fuel Reduction Treatments in Sagebrush Ecosystems That Vary in Ecological Resilience and Invasion Resistance
Authors: Bridges-Lyman Thomas A. , Brown Jessi L. , Chambers Jeanne C. , Ellsworth Lisa M. , Reeves Matthew C. , Short Karen C. , Strand Eva K. , Taylor Michael H.
Published: December 2024

The concepts of resilience and resistance (R&R) have been used to improve wildland fuel treatment outcomes by identifying parts of the landscape that are more likely to respond well to treatment. This study examined how the economic benefits and costs of fuel treatments in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems varied with the resilience and resistance properties of the treatment site. Generalized ecological models were developed for the economic analysis of fuel treatments that integrated ecological succession, annual grass invasion, pinyon–juniper expansion, and wildfire to simulate ecosystem dynamics over time. The models incorporated resilience and resistance by varying model parameters related to each plant community’s ability to resist annual grass invasion and recover post-disturbance. Simulations produced estimates of the expected (ex ante) benefit–cost ratio for each treatment. The approach also considered the benefits associated with the system remaining in an ecologically favorable condition, allowing us to report a more holistic measure of the net economic benefits of fuel treatments. The results from the simulations indicated fuel treatment was economically efficient in late-successional sagebrush and early-successional juniper in mountain big sagebrush associations. For sagebrush associations where treatment was economically efficient, higher R&R status sites had higher benefit–cost ratios. The results suggested that treatment costs were more determinative of economic efficiency than treatment benefits.
Assessing the Impact of Grazing and Restoration Methods on Pannonian Grasslands
Authors: Szentes Szilárd , Kevi Andrea , Wagenhoffer Zsombor , Saláta-Falusi Eszter , Pajor Ferenc , Berke József , Turcsányi-Járdi Ildikó , Penksza Péter , Kunos Viola , Kende Zoltán , Penksza Károly
Published: December 2024

Our study examined the impact of grazing by Hungarian Grey cattle on plant communities in grasslands restored and established through different methods. The grasslands were established and restored in 2009 using five methods: (I) naturally regenerating fallow, (II) hay-mulch addition, (III) seeded grassland following soil preparation, (IV) grazing on abandoned alfalfa fields, and (V) overseeded fallow initiated in 1989. From 2009 to 2011, all sites were uniformly mowed, after which they were grazed using free-ranging Hungarian Grey cattle starting in 2012. This project aims to restore traditional land use and dry grassland grazing in the region. Phytosociological recordings were conducted in 2012, the first year following grazing initiation, and again in 2020, nine years later. We assessed the botanical composition and grassland management value across sites in a 260-hectare experimental area within the Pannonian biogeographic region. The current study seeks to determine how different grassland restoration techniques have influenced the botanical composition and grassland management values of pastures and to identify the most suitable restoration methods. Statistical analyses were conducted using R to assess species count differences across four vegetation categories. The results indicate that the overseeded fallow established in 1989 and the hay-mulch addition method were the most effective techniques. Directly seeded grasslands and abandoned alfalfa fields differed most significantly from these areas. Across all types, species richness and total cover increased relative to the initial conditions in 2012, and the naturalness of the species composition also improved. Returning to traditional land use improved the ecological state of all sites. Restoration of the grazed areas proved optimal over the elapsed period, with two years of mowing followed by grazing. Grazing with Hungarian Grey cattle, a low-impact rustic breed, yielded successful grassland restoration outcomes. Among the restoration methods, direct seeding and the use of alfalfa fields proved uneconomical and ineffective in promoting the desired species composition. Natural regeneration and, particularly, the hay-mulch addition method, were the most effective for conservation and grassland management.
Advancing Urban Flood Resilience: A Systematic Review of Urban Flood Risk Mitigation Model, Research Trends, and Future Directions
Authors: Azadgar Anahita , Nyka Lucyna , Salata Stefano
Published: December 2024

Climate change has increased the frequency of extreme weather events, challenging traditional flood risk assessments. New methods, like InVEST’s urban flood risk mitigation model (UFRM), are crucial for assessing flood-prone areas, especially those vulnerable to pluvial flooding. This systematic review examines the utilization and limitations of the UFRM model for identifying flood-prone areas and designing adaptation plans in response to climate change, based on research articles published between 2019 and 2024. The articles were identified through Scinapse and Google Scholar using predefined criteria, including relevance to UFRM applications and publication within the specified timeframe. An analysis of the 21 selected papers using bibliometric techniques reveals geographic concentrations of the case studies that utilized the UFRM model primarily in Italy, Turkey, China, and the United States, with notable research gaps in Central Europe. The journal publication trends highlight the prominence of certain journals, such as the Journal of Land. A network analysis using VOSviewer identifies thematic clusters aligned with the UFRM research areas, including Urban Planning and Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs), Urbanization and Sustainable Development, the Economic and Social Effects of Flood Mitigation, Adaptation and Risk Management, and Resilience and Vulnerability. This review contributes to gaining a deeper understanding of the research landscape regarding the utilization of the UFRM model and provides recommendations for advancing sustainable and resilient urban development practices. The review was not preregistered in a formal registry. The finding reveals that integrating automation and optimization tools to suggest different solutions for problematic nodes in urban areas is crucial for addressing multiple issues simultaneously and optimizing adaptation plans effectively.
Spatial–Temporal Pattern of Urban Land Green Use Efficiency and Its Influencing Factors in Guizhou Province, China, Based on County Units
Authors: Xu Zhongchun , Chen Hongqin , Song Wei
Published: December 2024

Urban land is an important and indispensable support for urban development. However, the continued development of urbanization and industrialization has given rise to many problems, increasing the burden of urban land and leading to inefficient urban land use. The study of urban land green use efficiency (ULGUE) helps to explore the path to alleviate urban land-use pressure and enhance the land green utilization efficiency, and provides important decision-making references for urban greening construction and development. In this paper, 88 districts and counties in Guizhou Province were taken as the research units. Then, their efficiency values and spatial–temporal evolution characteristics were analyzed by applying the non-expected output super-efficiency SBM model, the kernel density estimation method, and spatial autocorrelation analysis, respectively. In order to identify its influencing factors, the main correlation analysis was carried out using the Tobit model. The research findings are summarized as follows: (1) From the time-series evolution characteristics, the ULGUE among the 88 county cities in Guizhou Province had obvious polarization characteristics. In terms of the numbers, there was a gradual downward trend in the number of high-efficiency cities. (2) Based on the spatial evolution characteristics, there was a positive correlation in the ULGUE among county cities in Guizhou Province, and the high- and low-value areas were comparatively more widely located in the central–east and west sides of Guizhou Province, respectively. (3) Among the factors influencing the level of the ULGUE, the level of economic development, industrial structure upgrading, and environmental regulation mainly played a positive facilitating role, while the material standard of living of the population, the GDP content, the green development level, government financial support, and the population size played a negative inhibiting role. The study of the ULGUE in Guizhou Province provides ideas for urban construction and is of great significance for the green transformation of urban development. At the same time, it can provide a reference for China’s western development.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Antifungal Properties of Bixa orellana L. Essential Oil from the Ecuadorian Amazon Against Candida albicans (ATCC 10231)
Authors: Berrú María Belén Cruz , García María Coraima Mora , Re Sandra Luisa Soria , Barreto Jannys Lizeth Rivera , Sánchez Luis Ramón Bravo , Radice Matteo , Manfredini Stefano , Abreu-Naranjo Reinier
Published: December 2024

Essential oils are investigated due to their biological activity, and the Amazon rainforest, with its rich biodiversity, is a promising source of therapeutic compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the essential oil from the leaves of Bixa orellana as an antifungal agent, thus contributing to the search for alternatives that can address the growing resistance to conventional antifungals. B. orellana leaves were collected in the Ecuadorian Amazon and their essential oil was obtained by steam distillation. Their chemical composition was analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and their antifungal activity against Candida albicans was evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method (ATCC 10231), with nystatin as a positive control. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 60 compounds, the main ones being dihydroedulan (27.5%), β-caryophyllene (10.3%), nerolidol (7.21%), trans-β-bergamotene (5.73%), α-santalene (4.94%) and trans-α-bergamotene (4.26%). The essential oil showed moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans, producing an inhibition halo of 13 mm in diameter, which is 48% of the inhibition observed with nystatin (27 mm). The presence of sesquiterpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, known for its membrane-disrupting properties, probably contributes to the observed antifungal effects. The study highlights the potential of B. orellana essential oil as a natural antifungal agent; however, further research is required to evaluate its efficacy against a wider range of pathogenic fungi, its possible synergistic effects with conventional antifungals and its safety and efficacy in vivo.
Learning Curve of First-Trimester Detailed Cardiovascular Ultrasound Screening by Moderately Experienced Obstetricians in 3509 Consecutive Unselected Pregnancies with Fetal Follow-Up
Authors: Elekes Tibor , Csermely Gyula , Kádár Krisztina , Molnár László , Keszthelyi Gábor , Hozsdora Andrea , Vizer Miklós , Török Marianna , Merkely Petra , Várbíró Szabolcs
Published: December 2024

Our primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of detailed cardiovascular ultrasound screening during the first trimester, which was performed by obstetricians with intermediate experience. We collected first-trimester fetal cardiac screening data from an unselected pregnant population at RMC-Fetal Medicine Center during a study period spanning from 1 January 2010, to 31 January 2015, in order to analyze our learning curve. A pediatric cardiologist performed a follow-up assessment in cases where the examining obstetrician determined that the fetal cardiac screening results were abnormal or high-risk. Overall, 42 (0.88%) congenital heart abnormalities were discovered prenatally out of 4769 fetuses from 4602 pregnant women who had at least one first-trimester cardiac ultrasonography screening. In total, 89.2% of the major congenital heart abnormalities (27 of 28) in the following fetuses were discovered (or at least highly suspected) at the first-trimester screening and subsequent fetal echocardiography by the pediatric cardiology specialist. Of these, 96.4% were diagnosed prenatally. According to our results, the effectiveness of first-trimester fetal cardiovascular ultrasound screening conducted by moderately experienced obstetricians in an unselected (’routine’) pregnant population may reach as high as 90% in terms of major congenital heart defects, provided that equipment, quality assurance, and motivation are appropriate.
In Situ Operando Indicator of Dry Friction Squeal
Authors: Thévenot Maël , Brunel Jean-François , Brunel Florent , Bigerelle Maxence , Stender Merten , Hoffmann Norbert , Dufrénoy Philippe
Published: December 2024

In various applications, dry friction could induce vibrations. A well-known example is frictional braking systems in ground transportation vehicles involving a sliding contact between a rotating and a stationary part. In such scenarios, the emission of high-intensity noise, commonly known as squeal, can present human health risks based on the noise’s intensity, frequency, and occurrences. Despite the importance of squeal in the context of advancing urbanization, the parameters determining its occurrence remain uncertain due to the complexity of the involved phenomena. This study aims to identify a relevant operando indicator for predicting squeal occurrences. To this end, a pin-on-disc test rig was developed to replicate various contact conditions found in road profiles and investigate resulting squealing. Each test involves a multimodal instrumentation, complemented by surface observations. It is illustrated that the enhanced thermal indicator identified is relevant because it is sensitive to the thermomechanical and tribological phenomena involved in squealing.
Sliding Contact Fatigue Damage of Metallic Implants in a Simulated Body Fluid Environment
Authors: Patel Mihir V. , Cudjoe Edward , Ryu Jae Joong
Published: December 2024

At the modular interface of the joint implants, repeated contact stresses in a corrosive synovial environment cause surface degradation that worsens over time. The lubricating mechanisms at the joints are altered by the deteriorated synovial fluid by the wear debris and corrosion products. As a result, the joint implants’ unsatisfactory performance will be exacerbated by the synergistic combination of wear and corrosion. In this work, reciprocal sliding contact tests in simulated synovial fluid were conducted on the two main metallic implant materials, CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V. The mechanical and electrochemical reactions were described by monitoring the open-circuit potential (OCP) and coefficient of friction (COF). The electrochemical damage that altered the oxidation chemistry on both surfaces was illustrated by the potentiostatic test findings. The surface damage process of CoCrMo under all contact loads presented unstable chemomechanical responses. On the other hand, the Ti6Al4V results revealed a moderate decrease in fretting current and stable changes in the coefficient of friction. Consequently, the experimental investigation determined that, when mechanical loadings and electrochemical stimulus are combined, Ti6Al4V’s biocompatibility would be superior to CoCrMo’s.
Current Trends in Development and Use of Polymeric Ion-Exchange Resins in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Marin Nicoleta Mirela , Nita Lazar Mihai , Popa Marcela , Galaon Toma , Pascu Luoana Florentina
Published: December 2024

Drinking and wastewater are to be treated for safe human consumption and for keeping surface waters clean. There are multiple water purification procedures, but the use of ion-exchange resins significantly enhances water purification efficiency. This review was targeted on highlighting the concept and classification of polymeric ion-exchange resins as well as pointing out their real-world applications. Their successful use for purification purposes has been linked to their chemical structure, simplicity of operation, accessibility, and reusability. Therefore, polymeric ion-exchange resins have been used for the removal of a wide range of organic and inorganic pollutants such as pharmaceutical compounds, dyes, organic matter, metals, and many others. Ion-exchange resins are obtained directly by synthesis methods or grafting ionizable groups on polymer matrix in order to ensure continuous improvement. Furthermore, the newly designed ion-exchange resins take into consideration biodegradability potential towards obtaining ecofriendly compounds.
Synthetic Aggregates and Bituminous Materials Based on Industrial Waste
Authors: Nan Alexandrina , Dima Cristina , Ghita Marinela , Ganea Iolanda-Veronica , Radu Teodora , Bunge Alexander
Published: December 2024

The transition to a circular economy requires new materials and products with new production designs, technologies, and processes. In order to create new materials with physico-chemical qualities suitable for application in the building materials engineering sector, stone dust and polymer waste—two environmentally hazardous industrial wastes—were combined in this study. The materials obtained were evaluated based on an analysis performed using the Micro-Deval test. The results obtained showed a Micro-Deval coefficient value of 7.7%, indicating that these artificial aggregates can replace the natural aggregates used in road construction. Additionally, it was shown that the stone dust used could be applied as a sorbent for dyes without later leaching this dye from the final synthetic stones. Another category of materials that meets the principles of the circular economy and was developed in this study is bituminous mastic, which is currently used for the hot sealing of joints in road infrastructure. For this purpose, a composite material was developed using stone dust and cooking oil to replace the filler, a non-regenerable source used for obtaining bituminous mixtures. Specific standard methods were used to assess the degree to which the new materials approach the behavior of commercially available products.
Study on the Macro-/Micrometric Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Clayey Sandy Dredged Fill in the Guangdong Area
Authors: Chen Qiunan , Xu Xiaodi , Zeng Ao , Yan Yunyang , Feng Yan , Long Kun , Qi Chenna
Published: December 2024

The study of dredged fill in Guangdong (GD), China, is of great significance for reclamation projects. Currently, there are relatively few studies on dredged fill in Guangdong, and there are many differences in the engineering characteristics of dredged fill foundations formed through land reclamation and natural foundations. In order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the physico-mechanical properties of blowing fill in the coastal area of GD and to understand the effect of its long-term creep row on the long-term settlement and deformation of buildings, the material properties, microstructure, elemental composition, triaxial shear properties, and triaxial creep properties of dredged fill in Guangdong were studied and analyzed through indoor geotechnical tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and conventional triaxial shear tests and triaxial creep tests. The test results showed that the Guangdong dredged fill is characterized by a high water content, high pore ratio, and high-liquid-limit clayey sand, and the mineral composition is dominated by quartz and whitmoreite. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the particles of the dredged fill showed an agglomerated morphology, and the surface of the test soil samples had scaly fine flakes and a fragmented structure. In the triaxial shear test, the GD dredged fill showed strain hardening characteristics, and the effective stress path showed continuous loading characteristics; the consolidated undrained shear test showed that the GD dredged fill had shear expansion characteristics under low-perimeter-pressure conditions. It was found that, with an increase in bias stress, the axial strain in the consolidated undrained triaxial creep test under the same perimeter pressure conditions gradually exceeded the axial strain in the consolidated drained triaxial creep test. The results of this study are of theoretical and practical significance for further understanding the mechanical properties of silty soils in the region and for the rational selection of soil strength parameters in practical engineering design.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Whirling Rotor with Asymmetrically Supported Snubber Ring
Authors: El-Mongy Heba Hamed , El-Sayed Tamer Ahmed , Vaziri Vahid , Wiercigroch Marian
Published: December 2024

Rotor–stator whirling is a critical malfunction frequently encountered in rotating machinery, often resulting in severe damages. This study investigates the nonlinear dynamics of a whirling rotor interacting with a snubber ring through numerical simulations that account for the stiffness asymmetries of the snubber ring. A two-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) model is employed to analyse the contact interactions that occurred between the rotor and the snubber ring, assuming a linear elastic contact model. The analysis also incorporates the static offset between the centers of the rotor and the snubber ring. The dynamic behaviour of the whirling system is characterised by pronounced nonlinearity due to transitions between contact and non-contact states. The model is first validated against our prior theoretical and experimental studies. The nonlinear responses of the rotor are analysed to evaluate the effects of stator asymmetry through various techniques, including time-domain waveforms, frequency spectra, rotor orbits, and bifurcation diagrams. Furthermore, the influence of varying system parameters, such as rotational speed and the damping ratio, both with and without stator asymmetry, are systematically analysed. The results demonstrate that the rubbing response is highly sensitive to small variations in system parameters, with stator asymmetry significantly affecting system behaviour, even at low asymmetry levels. Direct stiffness asymmetry is shown to have a more pronounced effect than cross-coupling stiffness. The system exhibits a range of dynamics, including periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic responses, with regions of periodic orbits coexisting with chaotic ones. Complex phenomena such as period doubling, period halving, and jump bifurcations are identified, alongside quasi-periodic and period doubling routes to chaos. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the nonlinear phenomena associated with rotor–stator whirling and provide valuable insights into the unique characteristics of rubbing faults, which could facilitate fault diagnosis.
Assessment of Non-Linear Modeling of Ladle Furnace Transformer Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Onofri Virna Costa , Maia Thales Alexandre Carvalho , Filho Braz J. Cardoso
Published: December 2024

This paper assesses a non-linear model of a three-phase Ladle Furnace Transformer, on slow front transients under no-load conditions. The model is designed to maintain accuracy and reduce complexity in estimating equivalent circuit parameters using three methods: analytical calculations, finite element analysis, and test measurement. The results reveal that analytical and finite element methods show discrepancies lower than 1%. Tests measurement, on the other hand, shows discrepancies higher than 5%, when compared to ones obtained from analytical and finite elements methods. Such discrepancy is particularly high in the estimation of leakage inductances and capacitances, and it is attributed mainly to differences between the transformer design and its actual assembly. Additionally, there are inherent inaccuracies in test procedures and instrumentation errors. The proposed model does not require difficult-to-obtain parameters and incorporates the non-linearity of magnetizing inductance, contributing to more accurate simulations. This simplified model is suitable for analyzing slow front transients and can be integrated into future studies addressing vacuum circuit breaker switching in electric arc furnace power systems, contributing to performance improvements in industrial applications. Additionally, the methodology for parameter determination can be applied to conventional power transformers, highlighting its versatility.
Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Tracking Control of a Bionic Wheel-Legged Quadruped
Authors: Khan Rezwan Al Islam , Zhang Chenyun , Deng Zhongxiao , Zhang Anzheng , Pan Yuzhen , Zhao Xuan , Shang Huiliang , Li Ruijiao
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel approach to developing control strategies for mobile robots, specifically the Pegasus, a bionic wheel-legged quadruped robot with unique chassis mechanics that enable four-wheel independent steering and diverse gaits. A multi-agent (MA) reinforcement learning (RL) controller is proposed, treating each leg as an independent agent with the goal of autonomous learning. The framework involves a multi-agent setup to model torso and leg dynamics, incorporating motion guidance optimization signal in the policy training and reward function. By doing so, we address leg schedule patterns for the complex configuration of the Pegasus, the requirement for various gaits, and the design of reward functions for MA-RL agents. Agents were trained using two variations of policy networks based on the framework, and real-world tests show promising results with easy policy transfer from simulation to the actual hardware. The proposed framework models acquired higher rewards and converged faster in training than other variants. Various experiments on the robot deployed framework showed fast response (0.8 s) under disturbance and low linear, angular velocity, and heading error, which was 2.5 cm/s, 0.06 rad/s, and 4°, respectively. Overall, the study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed MA-RL control framework.
Advances in Magnetic Two Dimensional Materials
Authors: Li Xiaoxi , Li Bo
Published: December 2024

Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) layered materials have attracted extensive attention for their great potential for application in the electronic, optoelectronic, and electrochemical fields [...]
Decision Feedback Equalization-Based Low-Complexity Interference Cancellation and Signal Detection Technique Based for Non-Orthogonal Signaling
Authors: Baek Myung-Sun , Song Hyoung-Kyu
Published: December 2024

FTN signalling is an effective communication method that achieves a high spectral efficiency. However, employing a symbol rate faster than the Nyquist rate disrupts the orthogonality between symbols, leading to unavoidable inter-symbol interference (ISI). To mitigate the effects of ISI, interference cancellation and signal detection processes are essential for FTN receivers. Conventional ISI reduction techniques often utilize trellis-based algorithms. However, as the number of states increases due to additional interference symbols, the complexity of these algorithms grows exponentially. To address this challenge, this paper explores a matrix computation-based interference cancellation technique tailored for FTN communication systems, aiming to significantly reduce the complexity of the ISI mitigation process. To execute ISI cancellation and signal detection more precisely, the proposed technique includes iterative interference cancellation and a signal detection process. When six interference symbols are considered, the complexity of the proposed technique is reduced by 97% compared with that of the conventional Viterbi algorithm. Furthermore, in the case of τ = 0.85, the performance of the proposed technique is about 1 dB better than that of the Viterbi algorithm at BER = 10−4.
A Mathematical Model to Study Defensive Metrics in Football: Individual, Collective and Game Pressures
Authors: Calabuig Jose M. , Catalán César , García-Raffi Luis M. , Sánchez-Pérez Enrique A.
Published: December 2024

Performance analysis, utilizing video technology and recent technological advancements in soccer stadiums, provides a wealth of data, including player trajectories and real-time game statistics, which are crucial for tactical evaluation and decision-making by coaches and players. These data allow for the definition of metrics that not only enrich the experience for soccer fans through enhanced visual displays but also empower coaching staff and managers to make informed, real-time decisions that directly impact match outcomes. Ultimately, these data serve as a pivotal tool for improving team strategy based on comprehensive post-match data analysis. In this article, we present a mathematical model to study the concept of pressure between players and, subsequently, between teams. We first explore the concept in a fixed frame of a match, determining what we call influence areas between players. We introduce the unit pressure function and analyze the total number of pressure interactions. Then, we apply these concepts to football matches, considering various factors such as players and the radius of the area of influence and examining pressure efficiency through mean unitary pressure. Lastly, a real case study is presented, showcasing visualizations like a heatmap matrix displaying individual and collective pressure, as well as the team pressure balance.
Investigating Autonomous Vehicle Driving Strategies in Highway Ramp Merging Zones
Authors: Chen Zhimian , Wang Yizeng , Hu Hao , Zhang Zhipeng , Zhang Chengwei , Zhou Shukun
Published: December 2024

The rapid development of autonomous driving technology is widely regarded as a potential solution to current traffic congestion challenges and the future evolution of intelligent vehicles. Effective driving strategies for autonomous vehicles should balance traffic efficiency with safety and comfort. However, the complex driving environment at highway entrance ramp merging areas presents a significant challenge. This study constructed a typical highway ramp merging scenario and utilized deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to develop and regulate autonomous vehicles with diverse driving strategies. The SUMO platform was employed as a simulation tool to conduct a series of simulations, evaluating the efficacy of various driving strategies and different autonomous vehicle penetration rates. The quantitative results and findings indicated that DRL-regulated autonomous vehicles maintain optimal speed stability during ramp merging, ensuring safe and comfortable driving. Additionally, DRL-controlled autonomous vehicles did not compromise speed during lane changes, effectively balancing efficiency, safety, and comfort. Ultimately, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential applications of autonomous driving technology in highway ramp merging zones under complex traffic scenarios, offering valuable insights for addressing these challenges effectively.
A Gaussian Process-Enhanced Non-Linear Function and Bayesian Convolution–Bayesian Long Term Short Memory Based Ultra-Wideband Range Error Mitigation Method for Line of Sight and Non-Line of Sight Scenarios
Authors: Sagar A. S. M. Sharifuzzaman , Arefin Samsil , Moon Eesun , Prince Md Masud Pervez , Dang L. Minh , Haider Amir , Kim Hyung Seok
Published: December 2024

Relative positioning accuracy between two devices is dependent on the precise range measurements. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology is one of the popular and widely used technologies to achieve centimeter-level accuracy in range measurement. Nevertheless, harsh indoor environments, multipath issues, reflections, and bias due to antenna delay degrade the range measurement performance in line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. This article proposes an efficient and robust method to mitigate range measurement error in LOS and NLOS conditions by combining the latest artificial intelligence technology. A GP-enhanced non-linear function is proposed to mitigate the range bias in LOS scenarios. Moreover, NLOS identification based on the sliding window and Bayesian Conv-BLSTM method is utilized to mitigate range error due to the non-line-of-sight conditions. A novel spatial–temporal attention module is proposed to improve the performance of the proposed model. The epistemic and aleatoric uncertainty estimation method is also introduced to determine the robustness of the proposed model for environment variance. Furthermore, moving average and min-max removing methods are utilized to minimize the standard deviation in the range measurements in both scenarios. Extensive experimentation with different settings and configurations has proven the effectiveness of our methodology and demonstrated the feasibility of our robust UWB range error mitigation for LOS and NLOS scenarios.
Asteroid Saponins: A Review of Their Bioactivity and Selective Cytotoxicity
Authors: Smith Stuart J. , Wang Tianfang , Cummins Scott F.
Published: December 2024

Saponins are a diverse class of secondary metabolites that are often reported to exhibit a variety of pharmacological applications. While research into the elucidation and application of plant and class Holothuroidea-derived saponins (i.e., sea cucumbers) is extensive, the class Asteroidea-derived saponins (i.e., seastars) have been largely overlooked and primarily limited to elucidation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cytotoxic activities of asteroid-derived saponins against various cell cultures, for instance, mammalian erythrocytes, multiple microbial strains and cancer cell lines, including melanoma, breast, colon, and lung cancers. Highlighting the distinct structural variations in these saponins, this review examines their selective cytotoxicity and potency, with many demonstrating IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Specific compounds, such as asterosaponins and polyhydroxylated saponins, exhibit noteworthy effects, particularly against melanoma and lung carcinoma cells, while triterpenoid saponins were found to be highly cytotoxic to both erythrocytes and fungal cells. This review also addresses gaps in the research area, including the need for additional in vitro antimicrobial studies, in vivo studies, and further exploration of their mechanisms of action. By consolidating recent findings, we have shed light on the therapeutic potential of asteroid-derived steroidal saponins in developing novel antimicrobial and anticancer agents.
A Preliminary Investigation into the Use of Cannabis Suppositories and Online Mindful Compassion for Improving Sexual Function Among Women Following Gynaecological Cancer Treatment
Authors: Banbury Samantha , Tharmalingam Hannah , Lusher Joanne , Erridge Simon , Chandler Chris
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: The impact of gynaecological cancer and its treatments on sexual intimacy can be profound on female sexuality. However, very few registered clinical trials have addressed sexual intimacy among this cohort. Materials and Methods: This preliminary randomised control trial (RCT) and content analysis assessed the effectiveness of a brief online mindful compassion group intervention adjunct with cannabis suppositories. Eighty-three participants aged between 18 and 50+ years who were at least six months post-cancer treatment were randomly allocated to one of four groups, depending on whether they were already using cannabis suppositories. These included a cannabis-only group (CO), a mindful-compassion group (MC), a combined mindful-compassion and cannabis suppositories group (COCM) and a care-as-usual group (CAU). Measurements of sexual function, sexual self-efficacy, mindful compassion, well-being and quality of life were taken at weeks 0, 4 and 12. Results: Sexual function, including arousal, lubrication and orgasms, improved for both the MC p = 0.002 and COCM p ≤ 0.001 groups; in addition, sexual pain was reduced in the COCM p = 0.008 and CO p ≤ 0.001 groups compared to the CAU and MC groups, where p ≥ 0.05. Feedback suggested that cannabis mediated the effects of mindful compassion and supported well-being, sexual self-efficacy, and quality of life. Participants also voiced a preference for cannabis suppositories when using dilators as part of their treatment and the use of sex toys instead of dilators, suggesting that dilators had negatively impacted their sexuality. Conclusions: These preliminary and exploratory outcomes look promising and provide a foundation for future research to develop varied healthcare options to improve mental health service delivery and quality of life for this cohort.
A Comparative Study of the Electroneurographic Findings in Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy in Patients with Light-Chain Amyloidosis and Glu54Gln Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Authors: Drăghici Mirela , Bădeliță Sorina N. , Jercan Andreea , Obrișcă Oana , Vîlciu Crisanda , Popescu Monica , Turcu-Stiolica Adina , Coriu Daniel
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Amyloidosis is a disorder characterized by the abnormal folding of proteins, forming insoluble fibrils that accumulate in tissues and organs. This accumulation disrupts normal tissue architecture and organ function, often with serious consequences, including death if left untreated. Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) and hereditary transthyretin-type amyloidosis (hATTR) are two of the most common types. In amyloidosis, peripheral nervous system involvement is a significant diagnostic feature, particularly when it manifests as polyneuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and dysautonomia. These neurological symptoms often point to the involvement of amyloid deposits in the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, which can help identify and differentiate between the various types of amyloidosis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study focused on the evolution of electrophysiological parameters in two groups: AL (n = 22) and hATTR-Glu54Gln patients (n = 14), with mixed axonal polyneuropathy. Patients were followed for two consecutive years to assess disease progression. The PND scale (polyneuropathy disability) was also used to assess motor impairment for each patient. Results: In our study AL amyloidosis patients presented with mixed, axonal polyneuropathy associated with CTS in 63.6% of cases and cardiomyopathy (45.5%). Serial EMGs (electromyography) showed decreased motor amplitudes of the common peroneal and tibial nerves and sensory amplitude of the superficial peroneal nerve, with mostly preserved conduction velocities. The patients maintained stage I PND throughout the monitoring period. The entire hATTR group displayed mixed, axonal polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy; 85.7% of them had CTS, and 42.9% had orthostatic hypotension. EMG data showed decreased motor amplitudes of the tibial and common peroneal nerves, decreased sensory amplitudes of the superficial peroneal nerve, and mildly reduced conduction velocities, with significant progression at 12 and 24 months. The patients displayed additional reduced muscle strength, some reaching stage 3A and 3B-PND at the end of the study. Conclusions: The amyloidotic polyneuropathy found in the groups was similar in its axonal, sensory-motor, and length-dependent characteristics, but the study showed significant differences in its progression, with more abrupt changes in the hATTR-Glu54Gln group. The amyloidosis AL patients remained in stage 1 PND, while the hATTR-Glu54Gln patients progressed to stage 3 PND at 24 months.
Potential Use of GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Agonists for Respiratory Disorders: Where Are We at?
Authors: Janić Miodrag , Škrgat Sabina , Harlander Matevž , Lunder Mojca , Janež Andrej , Pantea Stoian Anca , El-Tanani Mohamed , Maggio Viviana , Rizzo Manfredi
Published: December 2024

Chronic respiratory disorders are the third leading cause of mortality globally. Consequently, there is a continuous pursuit of effective therapies beyond those currently available. The therapeutic potential of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide/GLP-1 (GIP/GLP-1) receptor agonists extends beyond the regulation of glycemia, including glucometabolic, cardiovascular, and renal effects, rendering them viable candidates, due to their mechanisms of action, for the possible treatment of respiratory disorders. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the evidence on potential direct (cellular) and indirect (metabolic) actions of GLP-1 and GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonists within the pulmonary systems. In addition, it examines their efficacy in addressing prevalent respiratory disorders, specifically chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer, and lung transplantation. Finally, the manuscript seeks to identify potential avenues for further focused research in this field.