bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Gatekeeping in Non-Resident Fathers’ Contact with Their Children: Mothers’ and Fathers’ Views
Authors: Walper Sabine , Amberg Stefanie , Thönnissen Carolin , Christ Sharon L.
Published: June 2020

We present two studies addressing maternal gatekeeping in separated families and investigate its association with interparental relationship problems and with father-child contact. The first study included 187 custodial mothers and 160 non-resident or shared parenting fathers. The findings suggest that there are significant links between both parents having a negative view of the other and the father having infrequent contact with his children. Coparenting conflict was found to be associated with both parents being worried about the well-being of their children, but only the fathers’ reports of conflict and child-related worries were shown to be linked to low levels of contact, which suggests that paternal withdrawal rather than protective maternal gatekeeping affects levels of father-child contact. The second study (pairfam) used longitudinal data from 145 mothers on the father’s child support payment history, levels of coparenting conflict and cooperation, and the frequency of father-child contact; and from their children on levels of maternal restrictive gatekeeping. Children’s reports of being pressured to side with their mother were shown to predict less frequent contact with their father one year later, even when controlling for earlier contact. Unexpectedly, fathers who did not provide child support were found to have high levels of contact. Overall, we conclude that the role of gatekeeping seems to be limited.
Governmentality: The Notion of Progress in the Brazilian Political Educational Discourse
Authors: Mascia Márcia Aparecida Amador
Published: June 2020

The concern about progress has been a constant in Policy Educational Discourse, and curricula reforms over the years have inscribed their reason in pursuing progress. This chapter explores the system of reason in the documents of Brazilian curricula reforms that took place between 1980 and 1990. The framing is the discursive studies within Foucault’s genealogical studies of power and governmentality. The results of the analysis make us postulate curriculum as a discursive practice of social regulation and an effect of power–knowledge relations that operate linguistically between two dichotomies of exclusion and inclusion. Paradoxically, the search of progress, which is the search of inclusion, operates in a way of exclusion, producing the subjects that education needs to continue existing.
Retrospect and Prospect: Overview of 30 Years of Education System Reform in China
Authors: Lao Kaisheng
Published: June 2020

The reform of a country’s educational system is a concrete historical process in terms of its macro-societal changes in the context of its structuring of educational institutions. Such innovative changes to any given educational institution can be considered to be a rational decision reached by social participants; therefore, the issue of reform rationality, which often rests upon certain ethical values, is of central importance. Given this, any rational decision-making regarding social change can be ultimately presented as a choice of guiding values. Equity, justice, public rationality, and public interest are the chief values by which the current Chinese educational system is measured. These values reflect not only the leading social zeitgeist but also the realistic needs and active pursuits of social participants. Therefore, they ought to serve as the basic principles for educational reform.
NNLOPS description of the H→ $$ b\overline{b} $$ decay with MiNLO
Authors: Bizoń Wojciech , Re Emanuele , Zanderighi Giulia
Published: June 2020

Abstract

We present an event generator that describes the Higgs boson decay into b-quarks at next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) in QCD and allows for a consistent matching to parton shower. For this purpose, we work within the POWHEG framework and employ the MiNLO method to produce an NNLO-accurate H →

$$ b\overline{b} $$

b

b
¯

event sample which can further be interfaced with a generic Higgs boson production mode. The resulting events, that combine Higgs production and decay, can be matched to parton shower by means of a vetoed shower. As an example, we present a short phenomenological study for associated Higgs production (HZ) and vector boson fusion (VBF) processes. We release the source code that was used to obtain these results as an h_bbg user process in POWHEG-BOX-V2. We also provide tools that enable interfacing the decay events with events for an arbitrary Higgs production mode and subsequent matching of the combined Les Houches (LH) events with a parton shower.
Wrapped branes and punctured horizons
Authors: Bobev Nikolay , Bomans Pieter , Gautason Friðrik Freyr
Published: June 2020

Abstract

Large classes of AdSp supergravity backgrounds describing the IR dynamics of p-branes wrapped on a Riemann surface are determined by a solution to the Liouville equation. The regular solutions of this equation lead to the well-known wrapped brane supergravity solutions associated with the constant curvature metric on a compact Riemann surface. We show that some singular solutions of the Liouville equation have a physical interpretation as explicit point-like brane sources on the Riemann surface. We uncover the details of this picture by focusing on

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 1 theories of class

$$ \mathcal{S} $$

S

arising from M5-branes on a punctured Riemann surface. We present explicit AdS5 solutions dual to these SCFTs and check the holographic duality by showing the non-trivial agreement of ’t Hooft anomalies.
Modular forms as classification invariants of 4D $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 Heterotic-IIA dual vacua
Authors: Enoki Yuichi , Watari Taizan
Published: June 2020

Abstract

We focus on 4D

$$ \mathcal{N} $$

N

= 2 string vacua described both by perturbative Heterotic theory and by Type IIA theory; a Calabi-Yau three-fold X
IIA in the Type IIA language is further assumed to have a regular K3-fibration. It is well-known that one can assign a modular form Φ to such a vacuum by counting perturbative BPS states in Heterotic theory or collecting Noether-Lefschetz numbers associated with the K3-fibration of X
IIA. In this article, we expand the observations and ideas (using gauge threshold correction) in the literature and formulate a modular form Ψ with full generality for the class of vacua above, which can be used along with Φ for the purpose of classification of those vacua. Topological invariants of X
IIA can be extracted from Φ and Ψ, and even a pair of diffeomorphic Calabi-Yau’s with different Kähler cones may be distinguished by introducing the notion of “the set of Ψ’s for Higgs cascades/for curve classes”. We illustrated these ideas by simple examples.
Footprint preparation with nanofractures in a supraspinatus repair cuts in half the retear rate at 1-year follow-up. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ruiz Ibán Miguel Angel , Sanchez Alepuz Eduardo , Diaz Heredia Jorge , Hachem Abdul-ilah , Ezagüi Bentolila Leon , Calvo Angel , Verdú Carlos , de Rus Aznar Ignacio , Soler Romagosa Francesc
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To evaluate if adding nanofractures to the footprint of a supraspinatus tear repair would have any effect in the outcomes at one-year follow-up.

Methods

Multicentric, triple-blinded, randomized trial with 12-months follow-up. Subjects with isolated symptomatic reparable supraspinatus tears smaller than 3 cm and without grade 4 fatty infiltration were included. These were randomized to two groups: In the Control group an arthroscopic supraspinatus repair was performed; in the Nanofracture group the footprint was additionally prepared with nanofractures (1 mm wide, 9 mm deep microfractures). Clinical evaluation was done with Constant score, EQ-5D-3L, and Brief Pain Inventory. The primary outcome was the retear rate in MRI at 12-months follow-up. Secondary outcomes were: characteristics of the retear (at the footprint or at the musculotendinous junction) and clinical outcomes.

Results

Seventy-one subjects were randomized. Two were lost to follow-up, leaving 69 participants available for assessment at 12-months follow-up (33 in the Control group and 36 in the Nanofracture Group). The Nanofracture group had lower retear rates than the Control group (7/36 [19.4%] vs 14/33 [42.4%], differences significant,p = 0.038). Retear rates at the musculotendinous junction were similar but the Nanofracture group had better tendon healing rates to the bone (34/36 [94.4%] vs. 24/33 [66.71%],p = 0.014). Clinically both groups had significant improvements, but no differences were found between groups.

Conclusion

Adding nanofractures at the footprint during an isolated supraspinatus repair lowers in half the retear rate at 12-months follow-up. This is due to improved healing at the footprint.

Level of evidence

Level I.
Improved time to treatment failure and survival in ibrutinib-treated malignancies with a pharmaceutical care program: an observational cohort study
Authors: Zerbit Jeremie , Chevret Sylvie , Bernard Sophie , Kroemer Marie , Ablard Charlotte , Harel Stephanie , Brice Pauline , Madelaine Isabelle , Thieblemont Catherine
Published: June 2020

Ibrutinib treatment has been shown to increase survival in patients with B cell malignancies. Real-life data suggest a large part of discontinuations are due to toxicities, impairing ibrutinib efficacy. We aimed to assess the impact of a pharmaceutical care program on the efficacy and safety of ibrutinib. This single-center, cohort, observational study enrolled patients with B cell malignancies. Patients were either assigned to the program or to receive usual care, based on physician decision. The program was conducted by clinical pharmacists specializing in oncology and included patient education for management of toxicities, adherence monitoring, interventions to reduce drug-drug interactions, and follow-up of transition from hospital to community. Between February 2014 and May 2017, we enrolled 155 patients, including 42 (27%) who were allocated to the program group and 113 (73%) to the usual care group. The effect of the program was beneficial in terms of time to treatment failure (p = 0.0005). The 30-month progression-free and overall survivals were significantly superior in the program group (respectively p = 0.002 and p = 0.004). Grade 3 or higher adverse events occurred more frequently for patients in the usual care group (15%) than program group (8%). A pharmaceutical care program provides a personalized environment for outpatient monitoring and control of the key risks associated with oral anticancer agents. This study shows evidence that management of ibrutinib treatment by clinical pharmacists results in significant improvement in survival and better tolerance than usual care.
Empfehlungen zur Unterstützung von belasteten, schwerstkranken, sterbenden und trauernden Menschen in der Corona-Pandemie aus palliativmedizinischer Perspektive
Authors: Münch Urs , Müller Heidi , Deffner Teresa , von Schmude Andrea , Kern Martina , Kiepke-Ziemes Susanne , Radbruch Lukas
Published: June 2020

Die mit der Corona-Pandemie einhergehenden Einschränkungen und Verbote sorgen für psychische, soziale und spirituelle Belastungen bei Patient*innen mit COVID-19, ihren Zugehörigen und den behandelnden Mitarbeitenden im Gesundheitswesen. Patient*innen mit COVID-19 dürfen nicht von ihren Zugehörigen besucht werden, in vielen Krankenhäusern und Pflegeeinrichtungen gelten generelle Besuchsverbote. Viele Unterstützungsangebote sind verringert oder ganz eingestellt worden. Bei anderen Patient*innen mit sehr kritischen und/oder lebenslimitierenden Erkrankungen werden notwendige Behandlungsmaßnahmen aufgeschoben, weil die Ressourcen im Krankenhaus für an COVID-19 Erkrankte freigehalten werden. Diese Menschen bedürfen jedoch des Gefühls der sozialen Verbundenheit mit ihren Zugehörigen. Für Palliativpatienten sollten Ausnahmen von Besuchsverboten ermöglicht werden. Besuche bei Sterbenden sind mit entsprechenden Schutzmaßnahmen auch auf Isolier- oder Intensivstationen möglich. Für isolierte Patient*innen sollten alternative Möglichkeiten überprüft werden, zum Beispiel via Videotelefonie oder über soziale Medien. Nach dem Versterben sollte den Angehörigen unter ausreichenden Schutzmaßnahmen ein Abschiednehmen ermöglicht oder alternative reale oder virtuelle Wege zum Erinnern und Gedenken angeboten werden. Die Mitarbeitenden in den Behandlungsteams sollten kontinuierlich in der Bewältigung der besonderen Belastungen unterstützt werden. Dazu ist neben klaren Kommunikations- und Entscheidungsstrukturen, Kommunikationsschulungen und psychosozialer Unterstützung vor allem die Bereitstellung der bestmöglichen Rahmenbedingungen für die Arbeit erforderlich.
Chemical modification of the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1 for enhanced hydrogen storage
Authors: Tian Mi , Rochat Sébastien , Fawcett Hamish , Burrows Andrew D. , Bowen Christopher R. , Mays Timothy J.
Published: June 2020

A detailed investigation has been carried out of the pre-polymerisation modification of the polymer of intrinsic microporosity PIM-1 by the addition of two methyl (Me) groups to its spirobisindane unit to create a new chemically modified PIM-1 analogue, termed MePIM. Our work explores the effects of this modification on the porosity of PIM-1 and hence on its gas sorption properties. MePIM was successfully synthesised using either low (338 K) or high (423 K) temperature syntheses. It was observed that introduction of methyl groups to the spirobisindane part of PIM-1 generates additional microporous spaces, which significantly increases both surface area and hydrogen storage capacity. The BET surface area (N2 at 77 K) was increased by ~ 12.5%, resulting in a ~ 25% increase of hydrogen adsorption after modification. MePIM also maintains the advantages of good processability and thermal stability. This work provides new insights on a facile polymer modification that enables enhanced gas sorption properties.
#ItsNotInYourHead: A Social Media Campaign to Disseminate Information on Provoked Vestibulodynia
Authors: Brotto Lori A. , Nelson Melissa , Barry Lana , Maher Ciana
Published: June 2020

Provoked Vestibulodynia (PVD) is a type of localized vulvodynia (or pain in the vulva). The estimated prevalence of this condition is about 12% of the general population and approximately 20% of women under the age of 19. Many women who live with PVD suffer in silence for years before receiving a diagnosis. Whereas cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was already known to be effective for managing symptoms of PVD, there has recently been a published head-to-head comparison of CBT versus mindfulness-based therapy for the primary outcome of pain intensity with penetration. The trial revealed that both treatments were effective and led to statistically and clinically meaningful improvements in sexual function, quality of life, and reduced genital pain, with improvements retained at both 6- and 12-month follow-ups. We then undertook an end-of-grant knowledge translation (KT) campaign focused on the use of social media to disseminate an infographic video depicting the findings. Social media was strategically chosen as the primary mode of dissemination for the video as it has broad reach of audience, the public can access information on social media for free, and it presented an opportunity to provide social support to the population of women with PVD who are characterized as suffering in silence by starting a sensitive and empowering dialogue on a public platform. In this paper, we summarize the social media reach of our campaign, describe how and why we partnered with social media influencers, and share lessons learned that might steer future KT efforts in this field.
Effect of substrate type on diatom-based water quality assessments in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia
Authors: Richards Jenny , Tibby John , Barr Cameron , Goonan Peter
Published: June 2020

Diatoms have been widely used in stream health assessments as they are highly sensitive to water quality. There is no standardised method for diatom-based stream health assessments causing many substrates, both natural and artificial, to be used. Few studies have investigated the impact of substrate type on diatom assemblages in streams with highly variable water levels. To determine if the substrate type affects these assessments, diatoms were analysed from an artificial substrate (rope), rock and mud, from 17 sites in the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. Rope has been advocated as a substrate as it mimics aquatic plants, while having advantages of artificial substrates (e.g. standardised habitat). We found that substrate type did not affect the stream health assessment based on the Diatom Species Index for Australian Rivers and hence the additional cost of deploying ropes in such studies is unlikely to be warranted. However, substrate type influenced diatom–nutrient relationships, with no relationship between nutrients in the stream water and diatoms in the mud substrate—possibly due to the nutrient subsidy provided by mud. Therefore, by contrast, the absence of nutrients provided by the rope substrate indicates it is suited to studies of nutrient status and sensitivity in streams.
First experiments with a laser ablation source at the COALA setup
Authors: Renth Laura , Imgram Phillip , Krämer Jörg , König Kristian , Lellinger Tim , Maaß Bernhard , Müller Patrick , Ratajczyk Tim , Nörtershäuser Wilfried
Published: June 2020

A laser ablation ion source has been built and tested at the COALA beamline. Time-of-flight measurements for various elements are sufficiently accurate to confirm the production of the intended ion species. Furthermore, the isotope shift between 40Ca+ and 44Ca+ has been determined on these bunched beams by collinear laser spectroscopy and compared to previous measurements. The frequency of the $4s{}{}^{2}\textit {S}_{1/2} \rightarrow 4p{}{}^{2}\textit {P}_{1/2}$
4
s

2

S

1
/
2

→
4
p

2

P

1
/
2

transition has been determined to $\nu ^{\mathrm {D1}}_{0}=755 222 766.8(15)$

ν

0

D
1

=
755222766.8
(
15
)
MHz for 40Ca+, as well as the corresponding isotope shift of 44Ca+ to 848.1(23) MHz. This is in a good agreement to more accurate measurements performed in a recent ion trap experiment and demonstrates the strength of the collinear-anticollinear approach to reduce systematic effects caused by the broad velocity distribution generated in the ablation process.
An in-depth investigation of student information gathering meetings with stakeholders and domain experts
Authors: Loweth Robert P. , Daly Shanna R. , Hortop Amy , Strehl Elizabeth A. , Sienko Kathleen H.
Published: June 2020

Information gathering activities in engineering design projects play an important role in the identification and definition of stakeholder needs and requirements. However, few studies have explored how students gather information from stakeholders and domain experts in capstone design settings. In this study, we analyzed audio recordings from 19 information gathering meetings submitted by six capstone design teams to investigate how student designers gathered information during these meetings. Our findings include 22 information gathering behaviors that student design teams exhibited during their meetings, half of which were more similar to recommended best practices for information gathering and half of which were less similar. Our findings, including the list of behaviors and associated examples, may be used to guide student designers in employing effective information gathering approaches.
Presentist History for Pluralist Science
Authors: Chang Hasok
Published: June 2020

Building on my previous writings on presentism, pluralism, and “complementary science”, I develop an activist view of historiography. I begin by recognizing the inevitability of presentism. Our own purposes and perspectives do and should guide the production of our accounts of the past; like funerals, history-writing is for the living. There are different kinds of presentist history, depending on the historians’ purposes and perspectives. My particular inclination is pluralist. Science remembers its own history from a particular perspective (“whiggism”), which views the past as imperfect versions of the present; if professional historians of science shared this perspective, our work would be redundant. Instead, we can make it our task to illuminate the aspects of the past of science that scientists themselves tend to ignore and forget. History of science can also take a more productive role in the creation and improvement of scientific knowledge. Scientific progress as we know it tends to involve the shutting down of alternative paths of inquiry, resulting in a loss of potential and actual knowledge. A critical and sympathetic engagement with the past allows us to recover the lost paths, which can also suggest new paths. These points will be illustrated by a number of examples, especially from the history of chemistry and physics, including the recovery and extension of past experiments.
Microneedle Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Protein, Peptide and Antibody Based Therapeutics: Current Status and Future Considerations
Authors: Kirkby Melissa , Hutton Aaron R.J. , Donnelly Ryan F.
Published: June 2020

The success of protein, peptide and antibody based therapies is evident - the biopharmaceuticals market is predicted to reach $388 billion by 2024 [1], and more than half of the current top 20 blockbuster drugs are biopharmaceuticals. However, the intrinsic properties of biopharmaceuticals has restricted the routes available for successful drug delivery. While providing 100% bioavailability, the intravenous route is often associated with pain and needle phobia from a patient perspective, which may translate as a reluctance to receive necessary treatment. Several non-invasive strategies have since emerged to overcome these limitations. One such strategy involves the use of microneedles (MNs), which are able to painlessly penetrate the stratum corneum barrier to dramatically increase transdermal drug delivery of numerous drugs. This review reports the wealth of studies that aim to enhance transdermal delivery of biopharmaceutics using MNs. The true potential of MNs as a drug delivery device for biopharmaceuticals will not only rely on acceptance from prescribers, patients and the regulatory authorities, but the ability to upscale MN manufacture in a cost-effective manner and the long term safety of MN application. Thus, the current barriers to clinical translation of MNs, and how these barriers may be overcome are also discussed.
Overcoming the modal/amodal dichotomy of concepts
Authors: Michel Christian
Published: June 2020

The debate about the nature of the representational format of concepts seems to have reached an impasse. The debate faces two fundamental problems. Firstly, amodalists (i.e., those who argue that concepts are represented by amodal symbols) and modalists (i.e., those who see concepts as involving crucially representations including sensorimotor information) claim that the same empirical evidence is compatible with their views. Secondly, there is no shared understanding of what a modal or amodal format amounts to. Both camps recognize that the two formats play essential roles in higher cognition, leading to an increasing number of hybrid proposals. In this paper, I argue that the existence of those fundamental problems should make us suspicious about a modal/amodal dichotomy. Also, I suggest that hybrid approaches, as they currently stand, do not provide suitable solutions to the impasse. Instead, we should overcome the dichotomy and treat the modal/amodal distinction as a graded phenomenon. I illustrate this hypothesis with an example of a cognitive-computational model of concepts based on the Predictive Processing framework.
Reference architecture design for farm management information systems: a multi-case study approach
Authors: Tummers J. , Kassahun A. , Tekinerdogan B.
Published: June 2020

One of the key elements of precision agriculture is the farm management information system (FMIS) that is responsible for data management, analytics and subsequent decision support. Various FMISs have been developed to support the management of farm businesses. A key artefact in the development of FMISs is the software architecture that defines the gross level structure of the system. The software architecture is important for understanding the system, analysing the design decisions and guiding the further development of the system based on the architecture. To assist in the design of the FMIS architecture, several reference architectures have been provided in the literature. Unfortunately, in practice, it is less trivial to derive the application architecture from these reference architectures. Two underlying reasons for this were identified. First of all, it appears that the proposed reference architectures do not specifically focus on FMIS but have a rather broad scope of the agricultural domain in general. Secondly, the proposed reference architectures do not seem to have followed the proper architecture documentation guidelines as defined in the software architecture community, lack precision, and thus impeding the design of the required application architectures. Presented in this article is a novel reference architecture that is dedicated to the specific FMIS domain, and which is documented using the software architecture documentation guidelines. In addition, the systematic approach for deriving application architectures from the proposed reference architecture is provided. To illustrate the approach, the results of multi-case study research are shown in which the presented reference architecture is used for deriving different FMIS application architectures.
Signaling probabilities in ambiguity: who reacts to vague news?
Authors: Vinogradov Dmitri , Makhlouf Yousef
Published: June 2020

Ambiguity affects decisions of people who exhibit a distaste of and require a premium for dealing with it. Do ambiguity-neutral subjects completely disregard ambiguity and react to any vague news? Online vending platforms often attempt to affect buyer’s decisions by messages like “20 people are looking at this item right now” or “The average score based on 567 reviews is 7.9/10”. We augment the two-color Ellsberg experiment with similarly worded signals about the unknown probability of success. All decision-makers, including ambiguity-neutral, recognize and account for ambiguity; ambiguity-neutral subjects are less likely to respond to vague signals. The difference between decisions of ambiguity-neutral and non-neutral subjects vanishes for high precision signals; still less than 60% subjects choose the ambiguous urn, even for high communicated probabilities of success. We conjecture participants may discard information, if they see no contradiction between it and their prior beliefs, hence the latter are not updated. Higher confidence makes subjects more likely to discard the news, and empirically ambiguity-neutral subjects appear more confident than those ambiguity-averse.
Characterization of the Constitutive Behavior of a Cathode Active Layer in Lithium-Ion Batteries Using a Bending Test Method
Authors: Gupta P. , Üçel İ. B. , Gudmundson P. , Olsson E.
Published: June 2020

Presently used experimental techniques for the characterization of tensile and compressive behavior of active layers in lithium-ion batteries have limitations of different kinds. This is particularly true for measurements of compressive properties. Furthermore, the characterizations of time-dependent stress-strain behavior are largely missing. In order to characterize the stress-strain relationship for a dry cathode active layer in lithium-ion batteries, a mechanical testing method is presented that previously has been applied to the testing of optical fibers. The method is based on U-shaped bending of single-side coated aluminum foils, which enables separate measurements of tensile and compressive properties. In particular, the method has clear advantages for measurements of compressive properties in comparison to previously reported techniques. Relaxation experiments are also conducted in order to characterize the time-dependent properties of the dry active layer and to check if these effects could explain the measured hysteresis. It is found that the elastic modulus in compression is significantly larger than the elastic modulus in tension and that the compressive modulus increases with strain level. Contrary, the tensile modulus is approximately independent of strain. Furthermore, hysteresis effects are present at loading-unloading measurements, both for tension and compression. The low values of the measured elastic moduli show that the electrode properties are largely controlled by the binder and carbon additives. It is concluded that the development of particle-particle contacts most likely is the reason for the higher modulus in compression in comparison to tension. The time-dependent effects are significant, primarily for shorter time scales, which explains the relaxation behavior, but they cannot fully explain the hysteresis effects. Most likely non-linear micro-mechanisms do contribute as well.
Die Perspektive von Kindern auf aktiven Transport: Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie zur Erfassung der Bedürfnisse von Grundschulkindern
Authors: Landwehr Janna , Kolip Petra
Published: June 2020

Hintergrund

Die Förderung des aktiven Transports, insbesondere im Nahbereich, gilt als wichtiger Schlüssel zur Reduktion kindlichen Übergewichts. Für eine effektive Bewegungsförderung gilt die partizipative Interventionsentwicklung als wichtiges Qualitätsmerkmal. Bislang werden Kinder aber selten einbezogen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel der Studie ist es, die Bedürfnisse von Grundschulkindern in Bezug auf die Nahmobilität zu erfassen.

Material und Methoden

Zur Erfassung der kindlichen Perspektive wurde die Methode Photovoice genutzt: 18 Kinder einer 3. Schulklasse (9 weiblich, 9 männlich) machten mit einer Kamera 5 Fotos zur eigenen Nahmobilität. In anschließenden Gruppeninterviews à 4–5 Kinder dienten die Fotos als Gesprächsanreiz. Die Interviews wurden transkribiert und inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Die befragten Kinder befürworten es, Wege aktiv zurückzulegen. Die Erreichbarkeit von z. B. Läden, Spielplätzen und Freunden ist ihnen wichtig. Sie wird aber von Hindernissen und Umwegen erschwert. Auch der Aspekt der Sicherheit wird von ihnen betont. Regelverstöße von Erwachsenen (Überfahren roter Ampeln, Geschwindigkeitsüberschreitungen) werden als gefährlich wahrgenommen. Die befragten Kinder formulieren kreative Ideen für Infrastrukturmaßnahmen, einschließlich des Ausbaus von Fahrradwegen. Mit diesen könnte aus ihrer Sicht das Fahrrad als Fortbewegungsmittel auch für Erwachsene attraktiver werden.

Diskussion

Die Studie belegt das große Bedürfnis von Grundschulkindern an eigenständiger Mobilität. Die Gewährleistung ihrer Sicherheit ist ihnen ein großes Anliegen. Der Systemvorteil des Fahrrades in der Nahmobilität kann aus ihrer Sicht durch Infrastrukturmaßnahmen deutlich gestärkt werden.
A complementary analysis of the porous structure of biochars obtained from biomass
Authors: Kwiatkowski Mirosław , Kalderis Dimitrios
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the porous structure of biochars produced from biomass, namely eucalyptus, wood chips, pruning waste and rice husk. The structural analysis was carried out using the BET, the t-plot, the NLDFT and the LBET methods, which yielded not only complementary information on the adsorptive properties of obtained biochars from these materials, but also information on the usefulness of the structural analysis methods in question for the research into an effect of the technology of carbonaceous adsorbent preparation.
Group-facilitated audit and feedback to improve bronchiolitis care in the emergency department
Authors: Dowling Shawn K. , Gjata Inelda , Solbak Nathan M. , Weaver Colin G.W. , Smart Katharine , Buna Robyn , Stang Antonia S.
Published: June 2020

Objective

Despite strong evidence recommending supportive care as the mainstay of management for most infants with bronchiolitis, prior studies show that patients still receive low-value care (e.g., respiratory viral testing, salbutamol, chest radiography). Our objective was to decrease low-value care by delivering individual physician reports, in addition to group-facilitated feedback sessions to pediatric emergency physicians.

Methods

Our cohort included 3,883 patients ≤ 12 months old who presented to pediatric emergency departments in Calgary, Alberta, with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis from April 1, 2013, to April 30, 2018. Using administrative data, we captured baseline characteristics and therapeutic interventions. Consenting pediatric emergency physicians received two audit and feedback reports, which included their individual data and peer comparators. A multidisciplinary group-facilitated feedback session presented data and identified barriers and enablers of reducing low-value care. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who received any low-value intervention and was analysed using statistical process control charts.

Results

Seventy-eight percent of emergency physicians consented to receive their audit and feedback reports. Patient characteristics were similar in the baseline and intervention period. Following the baseline physician reports and the group feedback session, low-value care decreased from 42.6% to 27.1% (absolute difference: −15.5%; 95% CI: −19.8% to −11.2%) and 78.9% to 64.4% (absolute difference: −14.5%; 95% CI: −21.9% to −7.2%) in patients who were not admitted and admitted, respectively. Balancing measures, such as intensive care unit admission and emergency department revisit, were unchanged.

Conclusion

The combination of audit and feedback and a group-facilitated feedback session reduced low-value care for patients with bronchiolitis.
Predictors of Emergency Preparedness Among Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Bell Sue Anne , Singer Dianne , Solway Erica , Kirch Mattias , Kullgren Jeffrey , Malani Preeti
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

Emergency preparedness becomes more important with increased age, as older adults are at heightened risk for harm from disasters. In this study, predictors of preparedness actions and confidence in preparedness among older adults in the United States were assessed.

Methods:

This nationally representative survey polled community-dwelling older adults ages 50-80 y (n = 2256) about emergency preparedness and confidence in addressing different types of emergencies. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of reported emergency preparedness actions and confidence in addressing emergencies.

Results:

Participants’ mean age was 62.4 y (SD = 8); 52% were female, and 71% were non-Hispanic white. Living alone was associated with lower odds of having a 7-d supply of food and water (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-0.96), a stocked emergency kit (aOR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47-0.86), and having had conversations with family or friends about evacuation plans (aOR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44-0.78). Use of equipment requiring electricity was associated with less confidence in addressing a power outage lasting more than 24 h (aOR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47-0.94), as was use of mobility aids (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.45-0.93).

Conclusions:

These results point to the need for tailored interventions to support emergency preparedness for older adults, particularly among those who live alone and use medical equipment requiring electricity.
Divergence, undistortion and Hölder continuous cocycle superrigidity for full shifts
Authors: CHUNG NHAN-PHU , JIANG YONGLE
Published: June 2020

In this article, we will prove a full topological version of Popa’s measurable cocycle superrigidity theorem for full shifts [Popa, Cocycle and orbit equivalence superrigidity for malleable actions of $w$-rigid groups. Invent. Math. 170(2) (2007), 243–295]. Let $G$ be a finitely generated group that has one end, undistorted elements and sub-exponential divergence function. Let $H$ be a target group that is complete and admits a compatible bi-invariant metric. Then, every Hölder continuous cocycle for the full shifts of $G$ with value in $H$ is cohomologous to a group homomorphism via a Hölder continuous transfer map. Using the ideas of Behrstock, Druţu, Mosher, Mozes and Sapir [Divergence, thick groups, and short conjugators. Illinois J. Math. 58(4) (2014), 939–980; Thick metric spaces, relative hyperbolicity, and quasi-isometric rigidity. Math. Ann. 344(3) (2009), 543–595; Divergence in lattices in semisimple Lie groups and graphs of groups. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 362(5) (2010), 2451–2505; Tree-graded spaces and asymptotic cones of groups. Topology 44(5) (2005), 959–1058], we show that the class of our acting groups is large including wide groups having undistorted elements and one-ended groups with strong thick of finite orders. As a consequence, irreducible uniform lattices of most of higher rank connected semisimple Lie groups, mapping class groups of $g$-genus surfaces with $p$-punches, $g\geq 2,p\geq 0$; Richard Thompson groups $F,T,V$; $\text{Aut}(F_{n})$, $\text{Out}(F_{n})$, $n\geq 3$; certain (two-dimensional) Coxeter groups; and one-ended right-angled Artin groups are in our class. This partially extends the main result in Chung and Jiang [Continuous cocycle superrigidity for shifts and groups with one end. Math. Ann. 368(3–4) (2017), 1109–1132].
Strengthening parenting in conflict-affected communities: development of the Caregiver Support Intervention
Authors: Miller Kenneth E. , Ghalayini Heba , Arnous Maguy , Tossyeh Fadila , Chen Alexandra , van den Broek Myrthe , Koppenol-Gonzalez Gabriela V. , Saade Joy , Jordans Mark J.D.
Published: June 2020

Background

There is robust evidence that compromised parenting, stemming from persistently high stress, mediates the impact of war and displacement on children's mental health and psychosocial wellbeing. Parenting interventions generally prioritize the acquisition of parenting knowledge and skills, while under-attending to parental stress and distress. This paper describes the development of the Caregiver Support Intervention (CSI), a nine-session group intervention for conflict-affected parents of children aged 3–13, that aims to strengthen parenting both indirectly, by lowering stress and improving psychosocial wellbeing among parents, and directly, by increasing knowledge and skill related to positive parenting.

Methods

We describe the multi-phase, iterative process by which we developed the CSI, and illustrate the essential role of community input in shaping the intervention and strengthening its cultural fit and perceived usefulness. We used focus group data from participants in successive cycles of implementation, feedback, and revision, as well as quantitative data and expert consultation to develop a culturally and empirically grounded intervention.

Results

This mixed-method, iterative approach to intervention development enabled us to develop a psychosocial intervention for conflict-affected caregivers that is feasible, acceptable, and perceived by participants as useful in addressing their own wellbeing and their parenting. Focus group data support the underlying model in which caregiver wellbeing powerfully influences parenting.

Conclusions

Programs aimed at strengthening parenting in conflict-affected communities should substantively address caregiver wellbeing. An iterative approach incorporating community feedback can help ensure intervention acceptability and feasibility. We also illustrate the feasibility of involving men in parenting interventions.
Impact of the expansion of antimicrobial stewardship services during transitions of care at an academic hospital
Authors: Zampino Stephanie T. , Politis Paula A. , Fosnight Susan M. , File Thomas M. , Gothard M. David
Published: June 2020

Antimicrobial stewardship of anti-infectives prescribed upon hospital discharge was implemented to improve the rate of appropriate prescribing at discharge. Appropriate prescribing significantly improved from 47.5% to 85.2% (P < .001), antimicrobial days of therapy decreased, and 30-day readmission rates decreased. Discharge antimicrobial stewardship was effective in improving anti-infective prescribing practices.
Accelerating geothermal development with a play-based portfolio approach
Authors: van Wees Jan Diederik , Veldkamp Hans , Brunner Logan , Vrijlandt Mark , de Jong Sander , Heijnen Nora , van Langen Corné , Peijster Joris
Published: June 2020

Over the past decade in the Netherlands, most operators have only developed a single doublet. The learning effect from these single events is suboptimal, and operators have only been capable of developing doublets in areas with relatively low exploration risk. This ‘stand-alone’ approach can be significantly improved by a collective approach to derisk regions with similar subsurface characteristics. Such a play-based portfolio approach, which is common in the oil and gas industry, can help to accelerate the development of the geothermal industry through unlocking resource potential in areas marked by high upfront geological risk, effectively helping reduce costs for the development. The basis of the methodology is to deploy new information to the play portfolio by trading off with the risk of the first wells, resulting in a strong geological risk reduction.

The added value of the portfolio approach is demonstrated for the Netherlands in this paper through a comparison with a ‘stand-alone’ development. In the stand-alone approach, each new project will be equally risky, and therefore relatively unprofitable. In the case of a portfolio approach, all experience about the play is used optimally for derisking. In case of success, subsequent projects will have a higher chance of being successful, due to the experience gained in previous projects. Even if a project fails, this may help in increasing the probability of success for subsequent projects. For plays that are initially considered too risky for the market to start developing, the value of information (VoI) of a play-based portfolio approach will help by derisking the play to such an extent that it becomes attractive for the market to develop, even at high initial risk. It can be demonstrated for several geothermal plays in the Netherlands that by adopting the portfolio approach, the probability of a play being developed becomes higher, the number of successfully developed projects increases and the average profitability of the project will also be higher. Five more advantages are: (1) continuous improvement by integrated project development, (2) cost reduction through synergy, efficiency and standardisation, (3) optimisation of the surface heat demand and infrastructure, (4) the possibility of structural research and development (R&D) and innovation, and (5) financing advantages. The advantages reinforce each other.

A preliminary estimate of the geothermal potential of the Netherlands adopting the portfolio approach is between 90 and 275 Petajoules (PJ). For about 350 doublets being developed, producing about 70 PJ, the value of the advantage of the play-based portfolio approach is €2 billion for the three main plays: Rotliegend, Triassic and Jurassic/Cretaceous. The learning effects of synergy, efficiency and standardisation are expected to be significant.
Development of 14C Dating of Mortars at ETH Zurich
Authors: Hajdas Irka , Maurer Mantana , Röttig Maria Belen
Published: June 2020

The ages of mortars and plaster can help reveal the history of monuments, their construction, or restoration times. However, these anthropogenic carbonates pose a challenge when it comes to separation of the atmospheric radiocarbon (14C) signal of the CO2 fixed in the mortar at the time of consolidation, i.e., the time of binder formation. The variety and heterogeneity of mortars require individual assessments of each sample and 14C results. Here we present our current preparation method and summarize experience based on results collected during the last 20 years of mortar dating at the ETH laboratory.
New data on life cycles for three species of Fellodistomidae (Digenea) in the White Sea
Authors: Krupenko D. , Uryadova A. , Gonchar A. , Kremnev G. , Krapivin V.
Published: June 2020

Few digeneans of the family Fellodistomidae are known from the Russian Arctic seas. The taxonomic status of these species, their life cycles and host range raised recurrent questions, some of which remain unanswered. To revise the species composition and life cycles of fellodistomids in the White Sea, we searched for them in several known and suspected hosts: wolffish, flatfishes (definitive), gastropods of the family Buccinidae (second intermediate) and protobranch bivalves (first intermediate). Species identification was based both on morphology and 28S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. We found Fellodistomum agnotum in the White Sea for the first time. Buccinum undatum was proved to be intermediate host of both F. agnotum and Fellodistomum fellis, and metacercariae of F. fellis were registered from two more buccinid species: Buccinum scalariforme and Neptunea despecta. We also found metacercariae of F. agnotum and F. fellis producing eggs in the second intermediate host. Two fellodistomids were found in protobranch bivalves: sporocysts and cercariae of Steringophorus furciger in Nuculana pernula, and sporocysts with large furcocercous cercariae in Ennucula tenuis. The latter were identified as F. agnotum by molecular analysis; thus, the entire life cycle of this species was reconstructed.
Accuracy of real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect Schistosoma mansoni – infected individuals from an endemic area with low parasite loads
Authors: Magalhães Fernanda do Carmo , Resende Samira Diniz , Senra Carolina , Graeff-Teixeira Carlos , Enk Martin Johannes , Coelho Paulo Marcos Zech , Oliveira Edward , Negrão-Corrêa Deborah Aparecida , Geiger Stefan Michael , Carneiro Mariângela
Published: June 2020

Due to the efforts to control schistosomiasis transmission in tropical countries, a large proportion of individuals from endemic areas present low parasite loads, which hinders diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis by the Kato-Katz (KK) method. Therefore, the development of more sensitive diagnostic methods is essential for efficient control measures. The aim was to evaluate the accuracy of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect Schistosoma mansoni DNA in fecal samples of individuals with low parasite loads. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in a rural community (n = 257) in Brazil. POC-CCA® was performed in urine and feces were used for RT-PCR. In addition, fecal exams were completed by 18 KK slides, saline gradient and Helmintex techniques. The combined results of the three parasitological tests detected schistosome eggs in 118 participants (45.9%) and composed the consolidated reference standard (CRS). By RT-PCR, 117 out of 215 tested samples were positive, showing 91.4% sensitivity, 80.2% specificity and good concordance with the CRS (kappa = 0.71). RT-PCR identified 86.9% of the individuals eliminating less than 12 eggs/g of feces, demonstrating much better performance than POC-CCA® (50.8%). Our results showed that RT-PCR is a valuable alternative for the diagnosis of intestinal schistosomiasis in individuals with very low parasite loads.