bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Animals in the system of objects of civil rights
Authors: Tychinin Sergey , Koroleva Ekaterina
Published: April 2020

In the article, the authors pay attention to the place and significance of animals in the system of civil rights objects. The article provides a General analysis of legal acts that fix the specifics of the legal regime of animals. The article analyzes the specifics of the legal regime of animals. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the place of animals in the system of civil rights objects. The authors raise the issue of the absence of a unified concept of an animal in the current legislation, and also draw attention to the lack of a unified approach to the classification of animals, which may be of practical importance when applying legal standards in the field under consideration. The authors analyze the features of legal regulation of the involvement of wild animals and animals removed from their natural habitat. The authors conclude that there is currently a fairly logical and consistent legal framework in place for wild animals, but due attention is notpaid to the specifics of the legal regime for animals removed from their natural habitat. The article attempts to determine the types of animals whose legal regime features are provided for in the current legislation. The article indicates that new regulatory legal acts are currently being adopted on the treatment of animals, in particular, the concept of potentially dangerous dogs has been introduced into legal circulation.
Fibrotórax: Recordando la tragedia
Authors: Pardo Rodríguez Oscar Mateo , Parra-Bonilla Humberto Carlo
Published: April 2020

Masculino de 69 años de edad hipertenso, con falla cardiaca FEVI 50%, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica oxigenorequiriente, tabaquismo IB 350 y tuberculosis pulmonar tratada; ingreso a urgencias por disnea MRCm 4/4, tos con expectoración amarilla y fiebre no cuantificada; disminución de ruidos respiratorios. Radiografía de tórax con radiopacidad difusa heterogénea en hemitorax izquierdo y en TC de alta resolución se demostró fibrotórax izquierdo
Heparina e insulina en el manejo de pancreatitis aguda asociada a hipertrigliceridemia: reporte de caso
Authors: Camargo Mendoza Juan Pablo , Rodríguez Ariza Daniel Efrén , Bustos Calvo Jhonny Steven
Published: April 2020

La pancreatitis secundaria a hipertrigliceridemia (PASHT) es la tercera causa de pancreatitis aguda en la mayoría de series, teniendo como valor de riesgo un valor de triglicéridos (TG) mayor a 1000 mg/dl. El mecanismo fisiopatológico involucra la hidrólisis de triglicéridos por la lipasa pancreática y la liberación de ácidos grasos que inducen el daño por la generación de radicales libres. La reducción de los TG a niveles menores de 500 mg/dl es el objetivo del tratamiento, basado en el aumento de la actividad de la lipoproteinlipasa y degradación de quilomicrones. Presentamos un caso de un paciente que presenta PASHT con adecuada respuesta al manejo concomitante de insulina y heparina
Automating Software Develpoment using Artificial Intelligence.doc
Authors: Vasireddi Sai Lohith , Dhaka Mahesh , Fiaidhi Jinan
Published: April 2020

The research paper focuses on automating software development process by automating the team formation by extracting information from the software requirement specification (SRS) document of the project.
JEJAK AUSTRONESIA PADA MASYARAKAT DAYAK MERATUS DI KECAMATAN HAMPANG
Authors: YAYUK RISSARI
Published: April 2020

AbstrakAbstrak.  Semua masyarakat Dayak merupakan rumpun Austronesia.  Perlu dibuktikan adanya pewarisan yang ditinggalkan oleh Proto Austronesia ini.  Tujuan penelitian mendeskripsikan wujud jejak budaya penutur Austronesia pada masyarakat Dayak Meratus, Kecamatan Hampang, Kabupaten Kotabaru.  Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif.  Berdasarkan hasil penelitianmembuktikan akan adanya pewarisan kehidupan sosial budaya dan bahasa.  Kehidupan sosial budaya masyarakat Dayak  Meratus Kecamatan Hampang memiliki kemiripan bentuk maupun konsep dengan Austronesia, meliputi peralatan hidup, hunian, pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup, pakaian asesoris, dan kepercayaan.  Sementara itu, dari perbandingan kosakata kedua penutur menggambarkan adanya hubungan kekerabatan  yang diwariskan sebesar 48%. Atau dengan kata lain bahasa Dayak Meratus Kecamatan Hampang, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan berada dalam kategori keluarga bahasa dengan Proto Austronesia. Kesimpulan wujud jejak penutur Autronesia masa silam pada masyarakat Dayak Meratus Kecamatan Hampang ini dibuktikan dengan unsur nonlinguistik dan linguistik.
Factors Affecting Group Size and Vigilance Behaviour of Maasai Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) on the Serengeti-Ngorongoro Ecosystem, Tanzania
Authors: Marealle Wilfred N , Holmern Tomas , Røskaft Eivin
Published: April 2020

This study investigated the factors affecting different group sizes of Maasai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) in the Serengeti-Ngorongoro ecosystem. The study was motivated to test the following hypotheses: 1) in a given group, the sex ratio of males to females with calves is related to group size; 2) group size affects vigilance behaviour; 3) illegal hunting influences group size and vigilance behaviour; and 4) group size differs in different habitats, being larger in woodlands during the wet season and in riverine habitats during the dry season. A negative relationship between the ratio of the proportion of adult males to females with calves and group size was observed, whereas the proportion of females and calves increased with group size. The proportion of vigilant individuals decreased with an increase in group size. Habitat, risk of illegal hunting and proportion of calves in the group was found to be significant contributors to an increase in vigilance behaviour. However, the results do not support the hypotheses that seasonality and habitat preference affect group sizes of the Maasai giraffes. Emphasis should be put on anti-poaching efforts on males and nursery groups, especially in areas with a high risk of illegal activities.
Radiological Aspects of the New “International Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma”: Methodological Bases and Own Experience
Authors: Babiy Yakov , Sychova Tatiana , Dykan Iryna
Published: April 2020

Purpose – to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma by introducing in Ukraine a new “International Multidisciplinary Classification ...” adopted by WHO in 2015.
For radiologists, this classification recommends CT semiotics of pulmonary adenocarcinoma according to its histological subtypes. Distinguish: preinvasive (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia – AAG, adenocarcinoma in situ – AIS), minimally invasive (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma – MIA) and invasive (predominantly lepidic adenocarcinoma – LPA, invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma – IMA) lesions.
In accordance with the recommendations of the International Association for the study of lung cancer, the American thoracic society and the European respiratory society: ground glass nodule (GGN) or partially solid formations with predominance of the GGN component in CT images should be interpreted using new Terms: AIS, MIA and LPA.
On sufficiently thin (≤ 3 mm) CT sections, when evaluating partially solid composites, the size of the solid component and the total size, including GGN, should be separately measured. With limited resources of the country (region, institution) in conducting molecular and immunohistochemical studies, the authors of the "International Multidisciplinary Classification ..." recommend determining the stage of adenocarcinoma by all available methods and starting treatment of patients (surgical, chemotherapy) based on TNM factors.
Conclusion. The implementation status of the new (WHO, 2015) “International Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma” in Ukraine should be considered unsatisfactory. At the same time, on the basis of CT data, the radiologist has the opportunity to suggest the presence of one of its five histological subtypes and recommend to the clinician the next steps in making a diagnosis (specific additional examination, consultations of other specialists, the timing of the CT scan, etc.). Based on this information, the morphologist more accurately determines the histological type of the tumor, and the oncologist chooses the most effective way to treat the patient.
Key words: multidisciplinary classification, pulmonary adenocarcinoma, computed tomography.
Formas de cooperação e reforma agrária
Authors: Lacerda Automar Guedes de , Malagodi Edgard
Published: April 2020

Este texto é um esforço de análise do processo de cooperação em assentamentos rurais. Buscou-se identificar e debater formas de cooperação engendradas pelos assentados, que haviam sido camponeses, partindo do pressuposto de que o desenvolvimento de um processo de cooperação pode desenvolver-se a partir das práticas camponesas comunitárias. Assim, as diversas formas de cooperação simples podem ser vistas como possibilidade para o desenvolvimento do processo de cooperação mais amplo, chegando a um nível bastante complexo de cooperação. Neste contexto, buscou-se analisar a proposta de cooperação elaborada pelo Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), bem como sua implementação nos assentamentos ligados a este movimento. Do ponto de vista metodológico, realizou-se entrevistas semi-dirigidas, que permitiram propor chaves de análise e tecer considerações, sobre o estágio atual dos debates e das práticas cooperativas nos assentamentos da Paraíba.
Extrativismo em Sergipe:
Authors: Mota Dalva Maria da , Pereira Emanuel Oliveira
Published: April 2020

Este artigo discute como as mudanças na estrutura produtiva das áreas litorâneas do Estado de Sergipe influenciam o modo de vida das populações tradicionais, cujas bases econômicas estão centradas na agricultura de subsistência, pesca artesanal, artesanato e extrativismo de produtos vegetais e animais. A valorização do solo, a especulação imobiliária e a conseqüente degradação das áreas de restinga e manguezal, advindas com as atividades turísticas, a expansão urbana e a carcinicultura, representam ameaças para essas populações e suas estratégias de reprodução social fortemente vinculadas ao meio ambiente e, por isso, vulneráveis. Ainda discute-se aqui a necessidade da intervenção pública visando assegurar o acesso das populações tradicionais aos recursos naturais necessários à garantia da sua sobrevivência.
A construção normativa do desenvolvimento sustentável nos contextos de sua “tradução em políticas”:
Authors: Léonard Eric , Bonnal Philippe , Foyer Jean , Leite Sergio Pereira
Published: April 2020

Este artigo discute os processos pelos quais , conjuntos de normas prescritivas de caráter global, são objetos de construção normativa e da formatação institucional no âmbito das políticas rurais do México e do Brasil. Abordamos esta questão sob o ângulo das trajetórias de mudança institucional que a “tradução em políticas” do Desenvolvimento Sustentável induz nos quadros de regulação e de interação entre os diferentes componentes do mundo rural e, entre estes, e os poderes públicos. A abordagem comparativa evidencia as similaridades e as principais divergências que caracterizam os processos de institucionalização da sustentabilidade no Brasil e no México, além de permitir a discussão sobre a natureza das mudanças institucionais em curso.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ANAK BERDASARKAN SYARI’AH DAN HUKUM POSITIF
Authors: Bahtiar Bahtiar
Published: April 2020

Anak adalah manusia yang belum dewasa karena ia belum dewasa, seorang anak masih membutuhkan perlindungan dari orang dewasa (orang tua, keluarga, masyarakat dan pemerintah). Pertama tujuan penelitian adalah untuk perlindungan yang diberikan oleh orang dewasa di Indonesia belum optimal sehingga anak belum sepenuhnya diberikan oleh orang tua, masyarakat dan pemerintah. Kedua ruang lingkup penulisan Seringkali anak diposisikan sebagai objek kehidupannya sendiri, sehingga ia tidak dapat menikmati hal-hal yang dapat menjadi hak baginya dan bahkan sampai dengan upaya tindak kekerasan terhadap anak kerapkali terjadi. Data base dari Komnas Perlindungan Anak (Komnas PA) menunjukkan peningkatan kekerasan mental, spiritual, fisik, hingga masalah social yang terjadi terhadap anak. Ketiga metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan analisis yuridis bermotif berdasar data sekunder, juga Al-Qur’an dan Hadist. Keempat ruang lingkup penelitian sesungguhnya ada banyak factor yang menyebabkan ketidak mengertian oarng tua dan tindak kekerasan yang terjadi, antara lain tidak maksimalnya peran dan fungsi orang tua, factor kemiskinan, tekanan hidup semakin meningkat, dan keramahan terhadap pasangan. Namun yang sangat disayangkan perhatian pemerintah pun masih minim terlihat dengan undang-undang perlindungan anak yang terhitung baru dan implementasinya masih tersendat di lapangan. Untuk itulah diperlukan kerja sama yang sinergis antara orang tua, keluarga, masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam menciptakan dan mencerdaskan anak Indonesia melalui pendekatan agama dan pendekatan yuridis formal. Kelima kesimpulan anak sesungguhnya amanah dari Allah. Karena amanah, berarti orang tua yang dititipi tersebut harus menjaga amanah tersebut dengan sebaik-baiknya. Selain sebagai bagian dari maasyarakat, orang tua berhak pula meminta kepada  pemerintah untuk lebih memperhatikan hak anak sesuai dengan kebutuhan psikologi perkembangan kejiwaannya. Oleh karena itu perlindungaan hukum anak oleh suatu Negara mutlak adanya menuju realisasi perlindungan anak yang spiritual-positif.
HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN KONSUMEN MENURUT UU NO.8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Nawi Syahruddin
Published: April 2020

Pembangunan perekonomian nasional pada era globalisasi harus dapat mendukung tumbuhnya dunia usaha sehingga mampu menghasilkan beraneka barang dan/ jasa yang memiliki kandungan teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat banyak dan sekaligus mendapatkan kepastian atas barang dan/jasa yang diperoleh dari perdagangan tanpa mengakibatkan kerugian konsumen. Pada sisi lain  bahwa dengan semakin terbukanya pasar nasional sebagai akibat dari proses globalisasi ekonomi harus tetap menjamin peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat serta kepatian atas mutu, jumlah dan keamanan barang dan/ atau jasa yang diperolehnya di pasar. Berdasar itu untuk meningkatkan harkat dan martabat konsumen perlu meningkatkan kesadaran, pengetahuan, kepedulian, kemampuan dan kemandirian konsumen untuk melindungi dirinya serta menumbuh kembangkan sikap perilaku usaha yang bertanggung jawab. Bahwa berdasarkan berbagai hasil penelitian, masih ditemukan banyak pelaku usaha yang melanggar berbagai larangan yang   tercantum dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, khususnya UU No.8 Tahun 1999. Pada sisi lain konsumen pada umumnya tidak memahami haknya sehingga cenderung dirugikan oleh pelaku usaha, bahkan cenderung tidak berdaya menghadapi kekuatan financial yang dimiliki oleh pelaku usaha. Oleh karena itu berbagai hal yang harus diperhatikan dalam undang-undang perlindungan konsumen baik oleh pelaku usaha maupun para konsumen.
First results of Central Asiatic Euchalcia DNA-studies: comparison of nucleotide sequence differences in COI between Euchalcia herrichi and Euchalcia gyulai (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Korb Stanislav
Published: April 2020

We submitted first results of the DNA studies of the Central Asiatic owlet moths of the genus Euchalcia. Standard cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene fragments were sequenced for DNA barcoding of six specimens belonging to Euchalcia herrichi and Euchalcia gyulai. We compared the received sequences between discussed species and with two European Euchalcia species (E. variabilis and E. consona). We found no variability within the COI sequences of the samples collected in the same locality (Alai Mts., Kyrgyzstan), whereas the difference in COI sequences between two populations (Ketmen Mts., Kazakhstan and Alai Mts., Kyrgyzstan) was 0.005.
Conoscerli, proteggerli. Guida allo stato di conservazione degli uccelli in Italia
Authors: Ferlini Flavio
Published: April 2020

Not available
The Theme of “Progress” in Australian and Chinese Cultures
Authors: Zhang Chunyan
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses the theme of “progress” in Australian and Chinese cultures in the period of 1920s and 1930s. During this period, both cultures had an outpouring of patriotic and sentimental feelings. In this social context, both cultures constructed a theme of “progress” – the transformation of natural environment with human power, or the active participation in social life, for the purpose of “civilization”, a concept closely connected with the idea of social engagement, transformation and modernization. In Australia, this ideology was a continuation of the old idea of transforming “untamed” nature and bringing material progress through human labour; in China, it was a new theme which betrayed the old “reclusive” spirit. In Australia, it is represented most clearly in film, in China, it is represented in both film and painting.
Netavanza
Authors: Casado Martínez Carlos , Albadalejo Carlos
Published: April 2020

En esta entrevista, el responsable de Netavanza nos habla sobre esta compañía especializada en el diseño, desarrollo y programación de páginas web.
Artfutura 2006 – Parte I
Authors: Beneito Roser
Published: April 2020

Después de la inauguración del festival con la proyección de la película de animación A Scanner Darkly, asistimos a la primera serie de conferencias del festival.
En primer lugar, presenciamos la conferencia a cargo del experto en Estética de datos, Andrew Vande Moere. De hecho su blog, Information Aesthetics, es uno de los sitios web de referencia sobre la estética de datos.
Rice straw biochar and irrigation effect on yield and water productivity of okra
Authors: Yakubu Adam , Danso Eric Oppong , Arthur Emmanuel , Kugblenu‐Darrah Yvonne Ohui , Sabi Edward Benjamin , Abenney‐Mickson Stephen , Ofori Kwadwo , Andersen Mathias Neumann
Published: April 2020

Dry season vegetable production is challenging due to water scarcity, a drawback on sustaining year‐round crop production. Biochar improves soil moisture and nutrient retention and may be used to improve vegetable water productivity. We examined the combined effect of rice straw biochar and irrigation on yield, water productivity, and phosphorus (P) uptake of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) grown on a sandy clay loam soil in the dry season. Biochar was applied at 0, 5, 10 Mg ha−1, and 10 Mg ha−1 biochar fortified with P [10 Mg ha−1(P)] under full irrigation (FI) and deficit irrigation (DI) and replicated in each growing season for three years. Under DI, the 10 Mg ha−1 and 10 Mg ha−1(P) biochar treatments significantly (p < .05) increased okra fresh fruit yield (YFF) by 67 and 82% but had no impact on total aboveground biomass yield (YTBM) in the first growing season. Biochar at 5 Mg ha−1 had no impact on okra yield. Okra yield was higher under biochar fortified with P compared to the traditional method of applying P alone, e.g. 30 Mg ha−1(P) produced significantly higher YTBM than 30 Mg ha−1 under DI. Biochar had no impact on P uptake in the first growing season. Estimated okra water use was 224 and 193 mm under FI and DI. Yield reduction under DI compared to FI was only 8%. Amid water scarcity, a minimum of 10 Mg ha−1 rice straw biochar under DI is therefore recommended for farmers in the area.
Intercellular void space effects on Kentucky bluegrass traffic tolerance
Authors: Pease Benjamin , Thoms Adam , Arora Rajeev , Christians Nick
Published: April 2020

Athletic field safety is a top concern of field managers and athletic directors across all sports. Increased field usage on fields with traffic‐sensitive cultivars results in reduced turf cover and therefore decreased field safety. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L., KBG) is the most widely used cool‐season turfgrass on athletic fields due to its dense turf canopy. While most KBG cultivars have strong recuperative potential, significant cultivar differences in ability to withstand athletic field traffic exist. This study was conducted to determine whether leaf epidermal cell sizes predict differences in KBG cultivar traffic tolerance. Upper epidermal cell size, lower epidermal cell size, and intercellular void space (IVS) were measured on three traffic‐tolerant and three traffic‐sensitive KBG cultivars from the 2011 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program KBG trial, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Transverse sections of leaf tissue were fixed in an acid/alcohol solution and embedded with paraffin prior to sectioning for imaging by light microscopy. Cell size was determined by counting cells per unit area from light microscopy images. Leaf upper and lower epidermal cell size was not a predictor of traffic tolerance. Differences were measured in IVS at the cultivar level and at the traffic‐sensitive vs. traffic‐tolerant grouping contrast level. Traffic‐tolerant cultivars exhibited larger IVS (2823 μm2) than traffic‐sensitive cultivars (1112 μm2). Further investigation of these leaf anatomy size theories in relation to athletic traffic tolerance should be conducted on more cultivars, including recently released commercially available genotypes.
Metabolic infrastructure of pregnant women with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms: A metabolomic analysis
Authors: Recber Tuba , Orgul Gokcen , Aydın Emine , Tanacan Atakan , Nemutlu Emirhan , Kır Sedef , Beksac Mehmet Sinan
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the altered metabolic infrastructure of pregnant women with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms at first trimester and during delivery. Eight singleton pregnant women with MTHFR polymorphisms were compared with 10 normal pregnant women. Maternal blood samples were obtained twice during their pregnancy period (between the 11th and 14th gestational weeks and during delivery). Metabolomic analysis was performed using GC–MS. The GC–MS based metabolomic profile helped identify 95 metabolites in the plasma samples. In the MTHFR group, the levels of 1‐monohexadecanoylglycerol, pyrophosphate, benzoin, and linoleic acid significantly decreased (P ˂ 0.05 for all), whereas the levels of glyceric acid, l‐tryptophan, l‐alanine, l‐proline, norvaline, l‐threonine, and myo‐inositol significantly increased (P ˂ 0.01 for the first two metabolites, P ˂ 0.05 for the others) at 11–14 gestational weeks. Conversely, the levels of benzoin, 1‐monohexadecanoylglycerol, pyruvic acid, l‐proline, phosphoric acid, epsilon‐caprolactam, and pipecolic acid significantly decreased in the MTHFR group, whereas metabolites such as hexadecanoic acid and 2‐hydroxybutyric acid increased significantly in the study group during delivery. An impaired energy metabolism pathway, vitamin B complex disorders, tendency for metabolic acidosis (oxidative stress), and the need for cell/tissue support seem prevalent in pregnancies with MTHFR polymorphisms.
Bicyclic Imidazolium Inhibitors of Gli Transcription Factor Activity
Authors: Hom Marisa E. , Ondrus Alison E. , Sakata‐Kato Tomoyo , Rack Paul G. , Chen James K.
Published: April 2020

Gli transcription factors within the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway direct key events in mammalian development and promote a number of human cancers. Current therapies for Gli‐driven tumors target Smoothened (SMO), a G protein‐coupled receptor‐like protein that functions upstream in the Hh pathway. Although these drugs can have remarkable clinical efficacy, mutations in SMO and downstream Hh pathway components frequently lead to chemoresistance. In principle, therapies that act at the level of Gli proteins, through direct or indirect mechanisms, would be more efficacious. We therefore screened 325 120 compounds for their ability to block the constitutive Gli activity induced by loss of Suppressor of Fused (SUFU), a scaffolding protein that directly inhibits Gli function. Our studies reveal a family of bicyclic imidazolium derivatives that can inhibit Gli‐dependent transcription without affecting the ciliary trafficking or proteolytic processing of these transcription factors. We anticipate that these chemical antagonists will be valuable tools for investigating the mechanisms of Gli regulation and developing new strategies for targeting Gli‐driven cancers.
Plant‐based predictions of canopy transpiration instead of meteorological approximations
Authors: Sinclair Thomas R. , Ghanem Michel Edmond
Published: April 2020

Estimation of plant water use is critical, both now and under future climate‐changed environments, to understanding water limitation on plant production and hydrologic cycling. Currently, such predictions are based on meteorological approaches that are inherently empirical and should not be extrapolated beyond the empirical database. An alternative approach to calculating transpiration that relies on fundamental physiological and physical descriptors of canopy water use efficiency is reviewed. Re‐arrangement of the water use efficiency expression results in a definition of transpiration based on explicitly defined and readily observed, if necessary, parameters. The key plant parameters are photosynthate conversion to plant mass, photosynthesis pathway (C4 vs. C3), and canopy radiation use efficiency. The parameters tend to be stable within a species under non‐stressed conditions, although fully defined differences exist among species. Also, the consequences of stresses such as temperature, water deficit, and nitrogen deficit can be readily accounted for by their effect on canopy carbon accumulation. The capability of this approach in predicting canopy transpiration is illustrated in a comparison between calculated and measured transpiration by turf grasses. Water use predictions by natural and managed plant canopies need not to be handicapped by empirical meteorological approaches, but rather explicit parameters associated with various species traits can be used to define transpiration rate.
Pulsed Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction on Oxide‐Derived Copper Catalyst
Authors: Strain Jacob M. , Gulati Saumya , Pishgar Sahar , Spurgeon Joshua M.
Published: April 2020

Efficient electroreduction of carbon dioxide has been a widely pursued goal as a sustainable method to produce value‐added chemicals while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Processes have been demonstrated for the electroreduction of CO2 to CO at nearly 100 % faradaic efficiency, and as a consequence, there has been growing interest in the further electroreduction of carbon monoxide. Oxide‐derived copper catalysts have promising performance for the reduction of CO to hydrocarbons but have still been unable to achieve high selectivity to individual products. A pulsed‐bias technique is one strategy for tuning electrochemical selectivity without changing the catalyst. Herein a pulsed‐bias electroreduction of CO was investigated on oxide‐derived copper catalyst. Increased selectivity for single‐carbon products (i.e., formate and methane) was achieved for higher pulse frequencies (<1 s pulse times), as well as an increase in the fraction of charge directed to CO reduction rather than hydrogen evolution.
Detailed modeling of the video signal and optimal readout of charge‐coupled devices
Authors: Chierchie Fernando , Fernandez Moroni Guillermo , Querejeta Simbeni Pedro , Stefanazzi Leandro , Paolini Eduardo , Sofo Haro Miguel , Cancelo Gustavo , Estrada Juan
Published: April 2020

This article provides a practical design methodology to calculate an optimal filter for noise reduction in the readout of charge‐coupled devices (CCDs) taking into account the charge transfer and feedthroughs due to capacitive coupling in the CCD. A detailed analysis of the dynamics of the video signal and charge transfer is presented, including the circuital modeling of the output stage of the CCD and the dynamics of the electronics in the video chain before the analog‐to‐digital (AD) converter. This model is used to compute an optimal filter that minimizes the variance of the pixel noise and uses the samples of the charge transfer, before the charge is fully settled. This is necessary to enhance the performance of previous results that also use optimal filters but do not use the transition samples, while also reducing the pixel readout time, resulting in faster readouts. As a proof of concept for the optimal filter, we present novel experimental results using a Skipper CCD, which has a floating sense node that allows to measure the charge packet an arbitrary number of times. However, this technique can be applied to any CCD that has a readout system that digitally samples the video signal.
Ecohydrological change following rewetting of a deep‐drained northern raised bog
Authors: Gaffney Paul P.J. , Hugron Sandrine , Jutras Sylvain , Marcoux Olivier , Raymond Sébastien , Rochefort Line
Published: April 2020

Restoration of degraded peatland ecosystems (by rewetting) is undertaken to bring back key ecosystem services. However, the restoration process can have a range of ecohydrological effects, due to the associated physical and biogeochemical disturbance. In the case of northern peatlands drained by large and deep ditches, the rewetting effects are relatively unknown. The raised bog Grande plée Bleue (1,500 ha) is one of the largest pristine bogs in the St‐Lawrence lowlands in North America; however, it contained an old (>60 years), 750 m long, 3.5 m deep, and 8 m wide ditch. Rewetting of the area affected by the ditch was carried out by the construction of six dams at 40 cm elevation intervals and felling of all trees (with diameter at breast height >10 cm) within 30 m. Water table was restored to levels similar to intact bog reference sites, only at elevation differences up to 17 cm from the nearest lower dam, while rewetting did not affect pore‐water chemistry. Five to 6 years post‐rewetting, the cover of both pioneer mosses, and late successional mosses (Sphagnum) had not changed significantly compared with pre‐rewetting. This may have been due to the presence of dense shrub cover. For more effective ecohydrological restoration, dams should be spaced at smaller elevation intervals (e.g., every 20 cm of elevation or less), to allow recovery of water table along the entire length of the ditch, and vegetation introduction using the moss layer transfer technique may accelerate Sphagnum recruitment, especially in the few first metres from the ditch.
Antineoplastic Agents: Environmental Prevalence and Adverse Outcomes in Aquatic Organisms
Authors: Wormington Alexis M. , De María Maite , Kurita Hajime G. , Bisesi Joseph H. , Denslow Nancy D. , Martyniuk Christopher J.
Published: April 2020

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 9.6 million cancer-related deaths in 2018. Cancer incidence has increased over time, and so has the prescription rate of chemotherapeutic drugs. These pharmaceuticals, known as antineoplastic agents, enter the aquatic environment via human excretion and wastewater. The objectives of the present critical review were to investigate the risk of antineoplastics to aquatic species and to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding their levels in the environment, because many antineoplastics are not adequately removed during wastewater treatment. We conducted 2 separate literature reviews to synthesize data on the global environmental prevalence and toxicity of antineoplastics. The antineoplastics most frequently detected in the environment included cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, tamoxifen, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil; all were detectable in multiple water sources, including effluent and surface waters. These antineoplastics span 3 different mechanistic classes, with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide classified as alkylating agents, tamoxifen as a hormonal agent, and methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil as antimetabolites. Studies that characterize the risk of antineoplastics released into aquatic environments are scarce. We summarize the biological impacts of the most environmentally prevalent antineoplastics on aquatic organisms and propose an adverse outcome pathway for cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, 2 widely prescribed drugs with a similar immunotoxic mode of action. Acute and chronic ecotoxicity studies using aquatic models are needed for risk characterization of antineoplastics. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:967–985. © 2020 SETAC

Abstract

The world population is aging and there is a higher prevalence of cancer and therefore, antineoplastic drugs. These drugs are a challenge for wastewater treatment plants and are present in the environment. The prevalence and biological impacts of antineoplastics in aquatic systems are summarized in the present review.
Artificial bee colony method for identifying eavesdropper in terrestrial cellular networks
Authors: Udaya Suriya Rajkumar D. , Gavaskar P. Sunil , Al‐Turjman Fadi , Sathiyaraj R. , Balusamy Balamurugan
Published: April 2020

Nowadays, with the extensive variety of uses of the terrestrial cellular network, the security requirement for these networks is expanding enormously. Although these networks have faced various attacks, the eavesdropper is the most remarkable one. In this attack, once in a while, the foe node postures itself as a bogus base station (BS) and obtains information from achieving the main BS or changes the obtained information. In this article, a well‐organized swarm intelligence approach is proposed within the context of agent‐based models to recognize eavesdroppers, and artificial bee colony attack detection can distinguish the eavesdropper with regard to the node IDs characterized in the rule_set. The nodes that create a caution on distinguishing an intruder are assembled collectively. To recognize the intruder, a voting method is projected. Artificial bee colony Boolean sign generation is projected, which is distributed to the cautioned nodes in the grouping, the keys for sign the expect list to consent on the intruder. The proposed techniques recognize the aberrant relations without producing false positives and limit the capacity in the nodes of the terrestrial network, in contrast with Intrusion Detection Architecture, for the identification of eavesdroppers.
Findings on the relationship between Internet addiction and psychological symptoms in Brazilian adults
Authors: Andrade André Luiz Monezi , Scatena Adriana , Bedendo André , Enumo Sonia Regina Fiorim , Dellazzana‐Zanon Letícia Lovato , Prebianchi Helena Bazanelli , de Lara Machado Wagner , de Micheli Denise
Published: April 2020

This study evaluated the prevalence of Internet addiction (IA) and its association with negative psychological symptoms in Brazilian adults. A network analysis was conducted to estimate specific variables and their expected influence on IA. In this cross‐sectional study, 15,476 adults (Mage = 37.5, SD = 9.59) completed an open web‐based survey. Three questionnaires were used: the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS‐21) and Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Based on IAT scores, participants were classified as No‐Risk user (NRU), Low‐Risk user (LRU) or High‐Risk user (HRU). We observed that 4.8% of the participants were classified in the HRU group. In addition, their risk for severe symptoms of depression was 10 times higher and, for anxiety, seven times higher than that in the NRU group (p < .001). Time spent using smartphones was also significantly higher in the HRU group (Mhours = 5.1, p < .001). The main factors associated with IA were depression, gender and anxiety, but the variable “having children” was the most influential in the IA network. These findings suggest that psychiatric symptoms are the main factors associated with IA among the adult population.
TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6 Mediates TNFα-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice During Aging
Authors: Li Jinbo , Yi Xiangjiao , Yao Zhenqiang , Chakkalakal Joe V , Xing Lianping , Boyce Brendan F
Published: April 2020

During aging, muscle mass decreases, leading to sarcopenia, associated with low-level chronic inflammation (inflammaging), which induces sarcopenia by promoting proteolysis of muscle fibers and inhibiting their regeneration. Patients with a variety of pathologic conditions associated with sarcopenia, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), have systemically elevated TNFα serum levels, and transgenic mice with TNFα overexpression (TNF-Tg mice, a model of RA) develop sarcopenia between adolescence and adulthood before they age. However, if and how TNFα contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia during the normal aging process and in RA remains largely unknown. We report that TNFα levels are increased in skeletal muscles of aged WT mice, associated with muscle atrophy and decreased numbers of satellite cells and Type IIA myofibers, a phenotype that we also observed in adult TNF-Tg mice. Aged WT mice also have increased numbers of myeloid lineage cells in their skeletal muscles, including macrophages and granulocytes. These cells have increased TNFα expression, which impairs myogenic cell differentiation. Expression levels of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which mediates signaling by some TNF receptor (TNFR) family members, are elevated in skeletal muscles of both aged WT mice and adult TNF-Tg mice. TRAF6 binds to TNFR2 in C2C12 myoblasts and mediates TNFα-induced muscle atrophy through NF-κB-induced transcription of the muscle-specific E3 ligases, Atrogen1 and Murf1, which promote myosin heavy-chain degradation. Haplo-deficiency of TRAF6 prevents muscle atrophy and the decrease in numbers of satellite cells, Type IIA myofibers, and myogenic regeneration in TRAF6+/−;TNF-Tg mice. Our findings suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of TRAF6 signaling in skeletal muscles during aging could treat/prevent age- and RA-related sarcopenia by preventing TNFα-induced proteolysis and inhibition of muscle fiber regeneration. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Potential and limits of exploitation of crop wild relatives for pea, lentil, and chickpea improvement
Authors: Coyne Clarice J. , Kumar Shiv , von Wettberg Eric J.B. , Marques Edward , Berger Jens D. , Redden Robert J. , Ellis T.H. Noel , Brus Jan , Zablatzká Lenka , Smýkal Petr
Published: April 2020

Legumes represent the second most important family of crop plants after grasses, accounting for approximately 27% of the world's crop production. Past domestication processes resulted in a high degree of relatedness between modern varieties of crops, leading to a narrower genetic base of cultivated germplasm prone to pests and diseases. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) harbor genetic diversity tested by natural selection in a range of environments. To fully understand and exploit local adaptation in CWR, studies in geographical centers of origin combining ecology, physiology, and genetics are needed. With the advent of modern genomics and computation, combined with systematic phenotyping, it is feasible to revisit wild accessions and landraces and prioritize their use for breeding, providing sources of disease resistances; tolerances of drought, heat, frost, and salinity abiotic stresses; nutrient densities across major and minor elements; and food quality traits. Establishment of hybrid populations with CWRs gives breeders a considerable benefit of a prebreeding tool for identifying and harnessing wild alleles and provides extremely valuable long‐term resources. There is a need of further collecting and both ex situ and in situ conservation of CWR diversity of these taxa in the face of habitat loss and degradation and climate change. In this review, we focus on three legume crops domesticated in the Fertile Crescent, pea, chickpea, and lentil, and summarize the current state and potential of their respective CWR taxa for crop improvement.
Cu(II)‐Metallacryptands Self‐Assembled to Vesicular Aggregates Capable of Encapsulating and Transporting an Anticancer Drug Inside Cancer Cells
Authors: Biswas Protap , Sarkar Koushik , Dastidar Parthasarathi
Published: April 2020

Crystallographically characterized M2L4 type cationic Cu(II)‐metallacryptands [MC(X)] derived from a series of bis‐pyridyl‐bis‐urea ligands (LX; X = O, S, C) are self‐assembled to single‐layered vesicular aggregates in DMSO, DMSO/water, and DMSO/DMEM (biological media). One such vesicle is MC(O)‐vesicle that is demonstrated to be able to load and release (pH responsive) an anticancer drug, namely doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). DOX‐loaded MC(O)‐vesicle is also successfully transported within MDA‐MB‐231 cells—a highly aggressive human breast cancer cell line. Such self‐assembling behavior to form vesicular aggregates by metallacryptands (MCs) is hitherto unknown.
Varying the Hydrogen Bonding Strength in Phenolic/PEO‐b‐PLA Blends Provides Mesoporous Carbons Having Large Accessible Pores Suitable for Energy Storage
Authors: Li Jheng‐Guang , Lee Po‐Yuan , Ahmed Mahmoud M. M. , Mohamed Mohamed Gamal , Kuo Shiao‐Wei
Published: April 2020

In this study, mesoporous carbons are prepared by using a resol‐type phenolic resin as the carbon source and poly(ethylene oxide‐b‐lactic acid) (PEO‐b‐PLA) copolymer as the template, with a process of thermal curing, calcination, carbonization, and activation. The structures of these mesoporous carbons are strongly influenced by the self‐assembled structures formed from phenolic/PEO‐b‐PLA blends, varying from double‐gyroid, to cylinder, and finally to spherical micelle structures upon increasing the phenolic concentrations. The large pores (>20 nm) and high surface areas (>1000 m2 g−1) of these activated mesoporous carbons arise because the phenolic resin interacts only with the PEO segment (i.e., not with the PLA segment) through hydrogen bonding; thus, the relative wall thickness of the phenolic matrix decreases after template removal (thereby increasing the pore size), similar to the behavior of the poly(ethylene oxide‐b‐styrene) template system. Furthermore, these mesoporous carbons display efficient energy storage capacities of up to 200 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1, with excellent stabilities after 5000 charge/discharge cycles at 20 A g−1. Thus, this facile approach provides large and well‐ordered mesoporous carbons suitable for energy storage applications.
Rare Variants in Specific Lysosomal Genes Are Associated With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hopfner Franziska , Mueller Stefanie H. , Szymczak Silke , Junge Olaf , Tittmann Lukas , May Sandra , Lohmann Katja , Grallert Harald , Lieb Wolfgang , Strauch Konstantin , Müller‐Nurasyid Martina , Berger Klaus , Schormair Barbara , Winkelmann Juliane , Mollenhauer Brit , Trenkwalder Claudia , Maetzler Walter , Berg Daniela , Kasten Meike , Klein Christine , Höglinger Günter U. , Gasser Thomas , Deuschl Günther , Franke André , Krawczak Michael , Dempfle Astrid , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor
Published: April 2020

Objective

Impaired lysosomal degradation of α‐synuclein and other cellular constituents may play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Rare genetic variants in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene were consistently associated with PD. Here we examine the association between rare variants in lysosomal candidate genes and PD.

Methods

We investigated the association between PD and rare genetic variants in 23 lysosomal candidate genes in 4096 patients with PD and an equal number of controls using pooled targeted next‐generation DNA sequencing. Genewise association of rare variants in cases or controls was analyzed using the optimized sequence kernel association test with Bonferroni correction for the 23 tested genes.

Results

We confirm the association of rare variants in GBA with PD and report novel associations for rare variants in ATP13A2, LAMP1, TMEM175, and VPS13C.

Conclusion

Rare variants in selected lysosomal genes, first and foremost GBA, are associated with PD. Rare variants in ATP13A2 and VPC13C previously linked to monogenic PD and more common variants in TMEM175 and VPS13C previously linked to sporadic PD in genome‐wide association studies are associated with PD. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
On qualitative theory of fractional order delay evolution equation via the prior estimate method
Authors: Sher Muhammad , Shah Kamal , Rassias John
Published: April 2020

In this manuscript we use prior estimate method also known as the topological degree method to investigate the existence and uniqueness of solution for a class of evolution fractional order differential equations (FODEs) with proportional delay using Caputo derivative. In the same line, we will also study different kinds of Ulam stability such as Ulam‐Hyers (UH) stability, generalized Ulam‐Hyers (GUH) stability, Ulam‐Hyers‐Rassias (UHR) stability, and generalized Ulam‐Hyers‐Rassias (GUHR) stability for the considered problem. To justify our results, we provide a pertinent example.
Low‐field 1H NMR spectroscopy: Factors impacting signal‐to‐noise ratio and experimental time in the context of mixed microstructure polyisoprenes
Authors: Minkler Michael J. , Kim Jung Min , Shinde Vinita V. , Beckingham Bryan S.
Published: April 2020

Low‐cost, high‐accuracy characterization of polymeric materials is critical for satisfying societal demand for high‐quality materials with ultra‐specific requirements. Low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy presents an opportunity to replace costlier or destructive methods while utilizing nondeuterated solvents. Many factors play key roles in the ability of low‐field NMR spectroscopy to accurately analyze polymer systems. Sample characteristics such as polymer concentration, composition, and molecular weight all directly affect the capability of low‐field spectrometers to accurately determine polymer microstructure compositions. In addition to inherent sample properties affecting instrumental accuracy, many choices concerning instrumental parameters (including number of scans, relaxation delay, spectral width, and points per scan) must be made that impact the quality of the resulting NMR spectra. In this work, we benchmark the capability of a 60‐MHz low‐field NMR spectrometer for analyzing polymer materials using mixed microstructure polyisoprenes as a model polymer system of interest. The aforementioned critical sample and instrumental variables are varied, and we report on the ability to quantitatively characterize polyisoprene microstructure to within 1–2% of a higher field NMR spectrometer (400 MHz). We anticipate our findings to be generally applicable to other low‐field spectrometers of similar field strength and other polymer systems.
Optimization with nonstationary, nonlinear monolithic fluid‐structure interaction
Authors: Wick Thomas , Wollner Winnifried
Published: April 2020

Within this work, we consider optimization settings for nonlinear, nonstationary fluid‐structure interaction (FSI). The problem is formulated in a monolithic fashion using the arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian framework to set‐up the fluid‐structure forward problem. In the optimization approach, either optimal control or optimal design problems are treated. In the latter, the stiffness of the solid is estimated from given reference values. In the numerical solution, the optimization problem is solved with a gradient‐based solution algorithm. The nonlinear subproblems of the FSI forward problem are solved with a Newton method including line search. Specifically, we will formally provide the backward‐in‐time running adjoint state used for gradient computations. Our algorithmic developments are demonstrated with some numerical examples as, for instance, extensions of the well‐known fluid‐structure benchmark settings and a flapping membrane test in a channel flow with elastic walls.