bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fasting‐Mimicking Diet Facilitates Anti‐tumor Therapeutic Effects by Nutrient‐Sensitive Nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Zhifang , Wang Junrong , Xu Wencheng , Qiao Luying , Xie Yulin , Gao Minghong , Wang Dongmei , Li Chunxia
Published: June 2024

Cancer cells support their uncontrolled proliferation primarily by regulating energy metabolism. Inhibiting tumor growth by blocking the supply of nutrients is an effective treatment strategy. Fasting‐mimicking diet (FMD), as a low‐calorie, low‐protein, low‐sugar, high‐fat diet, can effectively reduce the nutrient supply to tumor cells. However, the significant biological barrier presented by the tumor microenvironment imposes greater demands and challenges for drug design. This study constructs the multifunctional nanocomposite ZnFe2O4@TiO2@CHC@Orl‐FA (ZTCOF), which has great potential to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. ZnFe2O4@TiO2 could produce 1O2 with ultrasound, and stimulate the Fenton‐like conversion of endogenous H2O2 to ·OH, achieving a combined therapeutic effect of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Orl (Orlistat) and CHC (α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid) not only block tumor cell energy metabolism but also increase sensitivity to reactive oxygen species, enhancing the cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. Furthermore, combining the treatment strategies with FMD condition control can further inhibit cancer cell energy metabolism, achieving significant synergistic anti‐tumor therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that ZTCOF with SDT/CDT/starvation can achieve effective tumor suppression and destruction. This work provides theoretical and technical support for anti‐tumor multimodal synergistic therapy.
Effect of Polymer and Cell Membrane Coatings on Theranostic Applications of Nanoparticles: A Review
Authors: Rezaei Bahareh , Harun Asma , Wu Xian , Iyer Poornima Ramesh , Mostufa Shahriar , Ciannella Stefano , Karampelas Ioannis H. , Chalmers Jeffrey , Srivastava Indrajit , Gómez‐Pastora Jenifer , Wu Kai
Published: June 2024

The recent decade has witnessed a remarkable surge in the field of nanoparticles, from their synthesis, characterization, and functionalization to diverse applications. At the nanoscale, these particles exhibit distinct physicochemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts, enabling a multitude of applications spanning energy, catalysis, environmental remediation, biomedicine, and beyond. This review focuses on specific nanoparticle categories, including magnetic, gold, silver, and quantum dots (QDs), as well as hybrid variants, specifically tailored for biomedical applications. A comprehensive review and comparison of prevalent chemical, physical, and biological synthesis methods are presented. To enhance biocompatibility and colloidal stability, and facilitate surface modification and cargo/agent loading, nanoparticle surfaces are coated with different synthetic polymers and very recently, cell membrane coatings. The utilization of polymer‐ or cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles opens a wide variety of biomedical applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermia, photothermia, sample enrichment, bioassays, drug delivery, etc. With this review, the goal is to provide a comprehensive toolbox of insights into polymer or cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles and their biomedical applications, while also addressing the challenges involved in translating such nanoparticles from laboratory benchtops to in vitro and in vivo applications. Furthermore, perspectives on future trends and developments in this rapidly evolving domain are provided.
3D Nanoprinting of Heterogeneous Metal Oxides with High Shape Fidelity
Authors: Hu Huace , Deng Chunsan , Gao Hui , Han Tao , Xue Songyan , Tang Yanting , Zhang Mingduo , Li Minjing , Liu Huan , Deng Leimin , Xiong Wei
Published: June 2024

3D nanoprinting can significantly enhance the performance of sensors, batteries, optoelectronic/microelectronic devices, etc. However, current 3D nanoprinting methods for metal oxides are suffering from three key issues including limited material applicability, serious shape distortion, and the difficulty of heterogeneous integration. This paper discovers a mechanism in which imidazole and acrylic acid synergistically coordinate with metal ions in water. Using the mechanism, this work develops a series of metal ion synergistic coordination water‐soluble (MISCWS) resins for 3D nanoprinting of various metal oxides, including MnO2, Cr2O3, Co3O4, and ZnO, as well as heterogeneous structures of MnO2/NiO, Cr2O3/Al2O3, and ZnO/MgO. Besides, the synergistic coordination effect results in a 2.54‐fold increase in inorganic mass fraction within the polymer, compared with previous works, which effectively mitigates the shape distortion of metal oxide microstructures. Based on this method, this work also demonstrates a 3D ZnO microsensor with a high sensitivity (1.113 million at 200 ppm NO2), surpassing the conventional 2D ZnO sensors by tenfold. The method yields high‐fidelity 3D structures of heterogeneous metal oxides with nanoscale resolution, paving the way for applications such as sensing, micro‐optics, energy storage, and microsystems.
Flexible Anti‐Counterfeiting Circularly Polarized Luminescent Elastomer from Supramolecular Polyurethanes
Authors: Duan Huimin , Zhao Jinbiao , Li Shuli , Qi Dongming , Li Jiawei
Published: June 2024

Supramolecular polymers with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) have promoted future intelligence development of polymer‐based materials for flexible display. However, preparing polymer‐based CPL materials with simultaneous enhanced luminescence dissymmetry factor (|glum|) and mechanical performance for industrial applications remains challenging. This work develops an eco‐friendly preparation method for preparing CPL elastomers from supramolecular polyurethanes bearing chiral fluorescent S (or R)‐1,1′‐Bi(2‐naphthol) (BINOL) groups in a solvent‐free system. Surprisingly, a polymer system containing 0.0028 mol% of chiral BINOL unit is sufficient to emit the significant CPL‐activity with a |glum| value of 2.30 × 10−2, appear a good mechanical toughness of 56.28 ± 3.9 MJ·m−3, thereby exhibit multiple flexible anti‐counterfeiting behaviors. The long‐range ordered microphase arrangement in polyurethanes is the key to improving both mechanical properties and |glum|. This is attributed to in‐situ additive polymerization of BINOL‐based isocyanate prepolymer and macromolecular polyols induced helical supramolecular structure, afforded solid‐state films with flexibility and chiral amplification. Furthermore, these results from Circular dichroism, CPL, Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction analyses, and atomic force microscope confirm the formation of long‐range ordered microphase arrangement through the synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. This work offers significant insights into the construction of CPL elastomers for developing novel flexible display materials.
Exploring consumption profiles, consumer experience and quality claims of Canary Islands' cider (Spain): A multidimensional analysis
Authors: Parga Dans Eva , Alonso González Pablo , Otero Enríquez Raimundo , Sáenz Navajas María‐Pilar
Published: June 2024

The exponential expansion of the global cider market positions it as a viable alternative to traditional choices such as wine and beer. Nevertheless, there exists a paucity of research examining the various factors influencing consumer interest in cider. This article undertakes an analysis of the cider consumption experience, with a specific focus on consumer preferences related to distinct quality attributes, encompassing factors like brand, organic certification, and protected designations of origin (PDO). This analysis also takes into consideration the socio‐demographic profile, frequency of consumption, and willingness to pay (WTP). Our study concentrates on the Canary Islands in Spain, an area where no formal certification system yet exists to differentiate locally produced cider in the market. Our data collection methodology encompassed face‐to‐face surveys administered to a probabilistic sample of 1000 respondents in the Canary Islands. The results demonstrate that consumers who place emphasis on quality attributes such as commercial brands, organic certification, and PDOs, tend to assign value to various cognitive aspects of the product. Conversely, those who do not prioritize these quality attributes tend to emphasize the affective dimension of the product and the specific consumption occasions. Additionally, consumers who accord the highest importance to PDOs exhibit a WTP a premium price. The findings of this study hold valuable implications for policymakers and cider manufacturers, aiding them in identifying opportunities for the promotion of Canary Islands cider, both within the local market and on a global scale. [EconLit Citations: A14 Sociology of Economics, Q00 Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics, Environmental and Ecological Economics: General].
Ixazomib plus daratumumab and dexamethasone: Final analysis of a phase 2 study among patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Delimpasi Sosana , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Straub Jan , Symeonidis Argiris , Pour Luděk , Hájek Roman , Touzeau Cyrille , Bhanderi Viralkumar K. , Berdeja Jesus G. , Pavlíček Petr , Matous Jeffrey V. , Robak Pawel J. , Suryanarayan Kaveri , Miller Alison , Villarreal Miguel , Cherepanov Dasha , Srimani Jaydeep K. , Yao Huilan , Labotka Richard , Orlowski Robert Z.
Published: June 2024

Novel therapies have improved outcomes for multiple myeloma (MM) patients, but most ultimately relapse, making treatment decisions for relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) patients increasingly challenging. We report the final analysis of a single‐arm, phase 2 study evaluating the oral proteasome inhibitor (PI) ixazomib combined with daratumumab and dexamethasone (IDd; NCT03439293). Sixty‐one RRMM patients (ixazomib/daratumumab‐naïve; 1–3 prior therapies) were enrolled to receive IDd (28‐day cycles) until disease progression/unacceptable toxicity. Median age was 69 years; 14.8% of patients had International Staging System stage III disease; 14.8% had received three prior therapies. Patients received a median of 16 cycles of IDd. In 59 response‐evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 64.4%; the confirmed ≥very good partial response (VGPR) rate (primary endpoint) was 30.5%. Rates of ≥VGPR in patient subgroups were: high‐risk cytogenetics (n = 15, 26.7%), expanded high‐risk cytogenetics (n = 24, 29.2%), aged ≥75 years (n = 12, 16.7%), lenalidomide‐refractory (n = 21, 28.6%), and prior PI/IMiD therapy (n = 58, 31.0%). With a median follow‐up of 31.6 months, median progression‐free survival was 16.8 months (95% confidence interval: 10.1–23.7). Grade ≥3 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 54.1% of patients; 44.3% had serious TEAEs; TEAEs led to dose modifications/reductions/discontinuations in 62.3%/36.1%/16.4%. There were five on‐study deaths. Any‐grade and grade ≥3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 18.0% and 1.6% of patients. Quality of life was generally maintained throughout treatment. IDd showed a positive risk‐benefit profile in RRMM patients and was active in clinically relevant subgroups with no new safety signals.
Uncovering the impact of alcohol on internal organs and reproductive health: Exploring TLR4/NF‐kB and CYP2E1/ROS/Nrf2 pathways
Authors: Kong Eason Qi Zheng , Subramaniyan Vetriselvan , Lubau Natasha Sura Anak
Published: June 2024

This review delves into the detrimental impact of alcohol consumption on internal organs and reproductive health, elucidating the underlying mechanisms involving the Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐kB) pathway and the Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)/reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. The TLR4/NF‐kB pathway, crucial for inflammatory and immune responses, triggers the production of pro‐inflammatory agents and type‐1 interferon, disrupting the balance between inflammatory and antioxidant responses when tissues are chronically exposed to alcohol. Alcohol‐induced dysbiosis in gut microbes heightens gut wall permeability to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), leading to liver cell infection and subsequent inflammation. Concurrently, CYP2E1‐mediated alcohol metabolism generates ROS, causing oxidative stress and damaging cells, lipids, proteins, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). To counteract this inflammatory imbalance, Nrf2 regulates gene expression, inhibiting inflammatory progression and promoting antioxidant responses. Excessive alcohol intake results in elevated liver enzymes (ADH, CYP2E1, and catalase), ROS, NADH, acetaldehyde, and acetate, leading to damage in vital organs such as the heart, brain, and lungs. Moreover, alcohol negatively affects reproductive health by inhibiting the hypothalamic–pituitary‐gonadal axis, causing infertility in both men and women. These findings underscore the profound health concerns associated with alcohol‐induced damage, emphasizing the need for public awareness regarding the intricate interplay between immune responses and the multi‐organ impacts of alcohol consumption.
2‐Methylimidazole‐1‐(N‐tert‐octyl)sulfonimidoyl Fluoride: A Bench‐Stable Alternative to SOF4 as Precursor to N,O‐Substituted S(VI) Compounds
Authors: Lional Natassa , Miloserdov Fedor M. , Zuilhof Han
Published: June 2024

S(VI) compounds with multiple N or O substituents are often difficult to make and several crucial routes, such as multimodal SuFEx (Sulfur (VI) Fluoride Exchange) chemistry, rely on the highly useful but hazardous SOF4 gas. Safety issues and inaccessibility of SOF4 strongly hamper the developments of these organic compounds. Here we describe the synthesis and applications of 2‐methylimidazole‐1‐(N‐tert‐octyl)sulfonimidoyl fluoride (ImSF), a novel bench‐stable analogue of SOF4. ImSF is synthesized on a gram scale via a double fluorination of t‐OctNSO. We show ImSF can undergo substitution reactions with phenols and amines, which lead to sulfurimidates and sulfuramidimidates, respectively, the intrinsically chiral analogous of medicinally relevant sulfates and sulfamates in which an S=O moiety is replaced by S=NR unit. Finally we demonstrate that such substitutions can occur enantiospecifically, providing the first entry to chiral sulfurimidates and sulfuramidimidates.
Zwitterionic Energetic Materials: Synthesis, Structural Diversity and Energetic Properties
Authors: Bhatia Prachi , Pandey Krishna , Kumar Dheeraj
Published: June 2024

Zwitterionic compounds are an emergent class of energetic materials and have gained synthetic interest of many in the recent years. Due to their better packing efficiencies and strong inter/intramolecular electrostatic interactions, they often ensue superior energetic properties than their salt analogues. A systematic review from the perspective of design, synthesis, and physicochemical properties evaluation of the zwitterionic energetic materials is presented. Depending on the parent ring(s) used for the synthesis and the type of moieties bearing positive and negative charges, different classes of energetic materials, such as primary explosives, secondary explosives, heat resistant explosives, oxidizers, etc., may result. The properties of some of the energetic zwitterionic compounds are also compared with analogous energetic salts. This review will encourage readers to explore the possibility of designing new zwitterionic energetic materials.
Unveiling Route for the Synthesis of Tröger's Bases Through Azide Rearrangement
Authors: Jaithum Kanokwan , Tummatorn Jumreang , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: June 2024

This study introduces a novel method for producing Tröger's bases by utilizing the rearrangement chemistry of benzyl azide. This method offers a convenient and adaptable pathway for synthesizing these important molecular structures with potential for further advancements. By reacting benzyl azide derivatives with TfOH under the presence of water, this process generates iminium ion, formaldehyde, and aniline intermediates in situ. Notably, this conversion is reversible under acidic conditions, allowing for the regeneration of the iminium ion and ultimately leading to the formation of the desired Tröger's base product. Additionally, this method could decrease the risk of exposure to an excess amount of formaldehyde.
Interphase Design of LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 as Positive Active Material for Lithium Ion Batteries via Al2O3 Coatings Using Magnetron Sputtering for Improved Performance and Stability
Authors: Javed Atif , Makvandi Ardavan , Demelash Feleke , Adhitama Egy , Heidrich Bastian , Peterlechner Martin , Wilde Gerhard , Winter Martin , Börner Markus
Published: June 2024

Invited for this month's cover picture is the group of Markus Börner at MEET Battery Research Center from the University of Münster. The cover picture depicts skiers (NMC active material) competing in a skiing race (electrochemical stability). RF‐magnetron‐based homogenously coated NMC outperformed inhomogeneously coated and uncoated ones due to better protection. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/batt.202300580
An economic analysis of bamboo plantations and feedstock delivered cost in the Southern US for the manufacturing of fiber‐based bioproducts
Authors: Vivas Keren A. , Vera Ramon E. , Phillips Richard B. , Forfora Naycari , Azuaje Ivana , Zering Kelly , Chang Hou‐Min , Delborne Jason , Saloni Daniel , Dasmohapatra Sudipta , Barbieri Carla , Venditti Richard A. , Marquez Ronald , Gonzalez Ronalds
Published: June 2024

Bamboo, recognized for its rapid growth, high yield, and fiber performance is prominent in the fiber‐based bioproduct industry. However, the absence of US industrial bamboo plantations for fiber production necessitates reliance on imports or locally manufactured products using imported bamboo fibers, predominantly from China. This study evaluates the economic viability of cultivating bamboo in the Southern US for fiber production, with a case study on hygiene tissue products. The supply‐chain analysis was assessed to calculate bamboo chips' minimum selling price (MSP) at the farm gate for an 8% internal rate of return (IRR). The MSP, influenced primarily by land rental costs, ranges from USD 48 to 55 per bone‐dry metric ton (BDt). Despite an initial establishment cost of ~USD 2 000 ha−1 and profitability by year 5, bamboo is a viable, long‐term fiber alternative. Successful bamboo cultivation in the US could lead to a more sustainable implementation of alternative non‐wood fibers for hygiene tissue applications.
Über die Notwendigkeit zur Präzisierung der Auszählung von Luftporen im Beton
Authors: Mercedes Kind Vanessa , Kränkel Thomas , Dehn Frank
Published: June 2024

Die Bestimmung von Luftporenkennwerten im Festbeton erfolgt üblicherweise durch eine mikroskopische Analyse, bei der die Luftporen auf einer geschliffenen Betonoberfläche manuell oder automatisch ausgezählt werden. Das manuelle Verfahren ist zeitintensiv und unterliegt subjektiven Einflüssen, während das automatische Verfahren aufwendige Kontrastierungen erfordert, um zuverlässige Ergebnisse zu erzielen. Obwohl allgemein bekannt ist, dass beide Verfahren erheblichen Streuungen unterliegen, wurden die maßgebenden Einflussfaktoren bisher nur wenig erforscht. Darüber hinaus gibt es bislang nur wenige Präzisionsdaten zum Mikroluftporengehalt A300, einem maßgebenden Kennwert zur Beurteilung des Frostwiderstands. Diese Veröffentlichung untersucht die o. g. Aspekte anhand eines Ringversuchs zur Luftporenauszählung nach DIN EN 480‐11, an dem sieben manuell und eine automatisch auszählende Prüfstelle teilnahmen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die aktuellen Prüfvorschriften präzisiert werden müssen, um eine einheitliche Vorgehensweise und damit vergleichbare Prüfergebnisse zu gewährleisten. Zudem wird aufgezeigt, dass die Grenzwerte für den Mindestluftgehalt im Frischbeton bindemittel‐ und verfahrensabhängig spezifiziert werden sollten.
Educational impact of Metaverse learning environment for engineering mechanics dynamics
Authors: Sidhu Manjit S. , Mousakhani Sara , Lee Chen K. , Sidhu Kirandeep K.
Published: June 2024

Mechanics dynamics course is challenging for mechanical engineering students. Strong abilities in abstract thinking, reasoning, and problem‐solving are prerequisites for this course. Technology advancements in Industrial Revolution 4.0 have brought about significant changes in engineering education, and traditional teaching methods may no longer be sufficient to prepare students for the requirements of this industrial revolution. Relating to all Internet technologies, the Metaverse is an emerging environment that allows immersive interactive experiences to enhance comprehension. Combining Metaverse with constructivist learning, students can engage in engineering tasks and receive real‐time feedback for deeper understanding. Education 5.0 emphasizes the use of new applications and technology to provide more humanized education, with an emphasis on students' social and emotional growth and solutions that improve life in society. However, since the Metaverse learning environment is still in its infancy, more empirical research is required regarding the application of the Metaverse environment using a constructivist approach to facilitate teaching and learning in engineering, particularly in the setting of mechanics dynamics. This research proposal aims to investigate and design a conceptual framework for the Metaverse environment as an additional learning aid in mechanical engineering education. The research findings could enhance the quality of mechanical engineering education, which is in line with the current Malaysia education blueprint that is, the incorporation of new educational technology aids and interventions. Additionally, the findings could provide new insights into the design of engineering curricula teaching practices and the Malaysian Science, Technology, Innovation, and Economy policy of providing new educational platforms that is, to nurture a creative society and a skilled workforce.
Did court dismiss coach's Title VII claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2024

In her first year as head coach of the University of Montana‐Missoula women's basketball, the coach went 7–23 overall and 4–14 in the Big Sky Conference.
Prognosis of unresected versus resected early‐stage pulmonary carcinoid tumors ≤3 cm in size: A population‐based study
Authors: Li Xiongfei , Fan Fanfan , Jia Xuewang , Yang Lingqi , He Jinling , Tang Quanying , Cao Weibo , Che Ji , Xu Song
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The observation‐based prognosis, rather than resection, for small carcinoid tumors is still unclear. This lack of clarity has important implications for counseling elderly patients or patients for whom surgical resection poses a high risk. This study compared the outcomes of observation and surgical resection in patients with pulmonary carcinoid (PC) tumors ≤3 cm in size without metastasis.

Methods

Data of patients with PC tumors with ≤3 cm in diameter and without lymph node and distant metastases were retrieved from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. To reduce the inherent bias of retrospective studies, propensity score matching analysis was performed. Overall survival (OS) and lung carcinoid‐specific survival (LCSS) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier plots. Multivariate analysis was used to determine predictors of LCSS in different size subgroups.

Results

In total, 4552 patients with early‐stage PCs ≤3 cm in diameter, including 435 (9.56%) who were observed and 4117 (90.44%) treated by surgery, were recruited. Patients with surgery had significantly better OS and LCSS than those who were observed. However, patients with observation had comparable LCSS to those with surgery for PCs with tumor diameters ≤1 cm. Multivariate analysis indicated that surgical resection was an independent prognostic factor for LCSS in 1 cm < tumors ≤2 cm, and 2 cm < tumors ≤3 cm groups, but not for tumors ≤1 cm in diameter.

Conclusion

Surgical resection of small PCs is associated with a survival advantage over observation. However, for early PCs ≤1 cm in diameter, observation may be considered in patients with high risk for surgical resection.
A clinical dilemma: Performing or avoiding root instrumentation in the treatment of the acute phase of endodontic‐periodontal lesions? A case report
Authors: Pace Riccardo , Di Gianfilippo Riccardo , Franceschi Debora , Pini Prato GiovanPaolo
Published: June 2024

Background

This study presents the diagnois, management, and tissue response to an acute periodontal lesion with deep pocketing affecting a maxillary central incisor in a young patient devoid of caries or a history of periodontitis.

Methods

Clinical and radiographic examinations facilitated the diagnosis of the pathology as an endoperiodontal lesion (EPL) with root damage, exhibiting supracrestal invasive root resorption. Orthograde endodontic therapy was employed to decontaminate and seal the endodontic space. The resorptive site was treated through the endodontic access, debrided, and sealed. No periodontal therapy (surgical or nonsurgical) was performed. No mechanical instrumentation was performed within the pocketed root surface.

Results

At 6‐month and 1‐year follow‐ups after endodontic therapy the periodontium displayed a physiologically healthy condition without pus or inflammation, exhibiting a circumferential probing depth of 2 mm, and absence of tooth mobility. These favorable outcomes persisted throughout a 4‐year follow‐up period.

Conclusions

The spontaneous healing of pocketing and abscess occurred without mechanical root instrumentation following endodontic therapy and treatment of external invasive root resorption in an EPL.

Key Points

Accurate diagnosis and identification of relevant etiologic factors are pivotal for effectively managing endodontic‐periodontal lesions. Once a diagnosis is established, the therapy focuses on eliminating the primary cause, followed by a subsequent diagnostic phase after healing. The definitive understanding of the diagnosis and etiology of endodontic‐periodontal lesions often becomes clear in retrospect, based on the outcomes of the therapy.

When probing acute periodontal lesions, deep probing depths may occur without permanent loss of periodontal attachment. If the acute lesion was not induced by a periodontal cause and if no periodontal etiology arises secondarily, resolving the primary cause of the endoperiodontal lesion can lead to the spontaneous resolution of the pocketing. This results in spontaneous healing of periodontium without the need for intentional periodontal therapy.

A clinical dilemma arises when considering periodontal treatment during the acute inflammatory phase of endo‐periodontal pathology. It is advisable to refrain from mechanical root instrumentation particularly if a clear periodontal cause is not apparent, to prevent from iatrogenic damage to periodontal fibers and the potential risk of gingival recessions. However, this does not imply avoiding periodontal therapy entirely for every case. Rather, it is recommended to delay the decision on root instrumentation until a new diagnostic phase is conducted following the healing of the endodontic etiology.
Factors affecting career motivation of recent graduates: Career adaptability as a mediator
Authors: Lin Mei‐Hua , Lim Pek Kei , Azalea Alia , Lee Michelle Chin Chin
Published: June 2024

Career adaptability is a key resource for adapting to and transitioning into careers. However, gaps are found in the research on career adaptability. This study examined whether proactive personality, future‐proofing, psychological capital, and technology readiness predict career adaptability and whether career adaptability mediates the relationship between these predictors and career motivation. The data from 455 Malaysian recent university graduates found career adaptability to mediate the relationship between all predictors and career motivation. They positively affected career adaptability, which in turn, increased career motivation. While, in the presence of predictors of individual characteristics, technology readiness was not significant in predicting career adaptability, it predicted career motivation. The study recommends enhancing career adaptability and personal traits through interventions and training, stressing the importance of integrating technology into higher education to promote career motivation and readiness for adapting to the future work environment.
Characterisation of Position‐Dependant Ripening Dynamics of Nectarines Using Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy and ASCA
Authors: Ezenarro Jokin , Schorn‐García Daniel , Palou Anna , Mestres Montserrat , Aceña Laura , Abadias Maribel , Aguiló‐Aguayo Ingrid , Busto Olga , Boqué Ricard
Published: June 2024

Nectarines, a popular pit fruit closely related to peaches, are renowned for their nutritional value and associated health benefits. However, challenges arise in maintaining optimal organoleptic properties during harvest and handling, eventually leading to production waste and heterogeneous quality in the fruit that arrives to the consumer. This study investigates the impact of nectarine position on trees during the whole ripening process using non‐destructive near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Nectarines exposed to more sunlight mature faster and this influences sugar content and acidity, emphasising the significance of considering height, prominence and orientation in ripening dynamics of the fruit. Different data unfolding strategies were compared, using ANOVA‐Simultaneous Component Analysis (ASCA) to reveal the significance of in‐tree position factors at different ripening stages, and observing high significance at harvest. This underscores the necessity for growers and handlers to consider these factors for reducing waste. NIR spectroscopy, with adequate data analysis, is a valuable tool for the holistic analysis of fruit ripening, providing crucial insights for maintaining optimal fruit organoleptic properties from harvest to consumer.
Crystal to Hydrogel Transformation in S‐Benzyl‐L‐Cysteine‐Containing Cyclic Dipeptides ‐ Nanostructure Elucidation and Applications
Authors: Ghosh Saswati , Sepay Nayim , Banerji Biswadip
Published: June 2024

Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are crucial building blocks for a range of functional nanomaterials due to their simple chemical structure and high molecular stability. In this investigation, we synthesized a set of S‐benzyl‐L‐cysteine‐based CDPs (designated as P1‐P6) and thoroughly examined their self‐assembly behavior in a methanol‐water solvent to elucidate the relationship between their structure and gelation properties. The hydrophobicity of the amino acids within the CDPs was gradually increased. The present study employed a comprehensive array of analytical techniques, including NMR, FT‐IR, AFM, thioflavin‐T, congo‐red CD, X‐ray crystallography, and biophysical calculations like Hirshfield Surface analysis and DFT analysis. These methods revealed that in addition to hydrogen bonding, the hydrophobic nature of the amino acid side chain significantly influences the propensity of CDPs to form hydrogels. Each CDP yielded distinct nanofibrillar networks rich in β‐sheet structures, showcasing unique morphological features. Moreover, we explored the practical application of these CDP‐based hydrogels in water purification by utilizing them to remove harmful organic dyes from contaminated water. This application underscores the potential of CDPs in addressing environmental challenges, offering a promising avenue for the future development of these materials in water treatment technologies.
Hypervalent Chalcogen Bonds Catalysis on the Intramolecular Aza‐Michael Reaction of Aminochalcone: Catalytic Performance and Chalcogen Bond Properties
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Shi Bo , Zhao Chang , Zeng Yanli
Published: June 2024

Chalcogen bond (ChB) catalysis, as a new type in the field of non‐covalent bond catalysis, has become a hot research topic in the field of organocatalysis in recent years. In the present work, we investigated the catalytic performance of a series of hypervalent ChB catalysis based on the intramolecular Aza‐Michael reaction of aminochalcone. The reaction includes the carbon‐nitrogen bond coupling step (key step) and the proton transfer step. The catalytic performance of mono‐dentate pentafluorophenyl chalcogen bond donor ChB1 was comparable to that of bis‐dentate chalcogen bond donor ChB4, and stronger than that of mono‐dentate chalcogen bond donors ChB2 and ChB3. The formation of the chalcogen bond between the catalyst and the carbonyl oxygen atom of the reactant, causing the charge rearrangement of the reactant and C(1) charge of the −C−Ph group to become more positive, thereby the ChB catalysis promoted the nucleophile reaction. The electron density of the chalcogen bond of the pre‐complex, the most positive electrostatic potentials of the catalyst, and the NPA charge of the key atom are proportional to the Gibbs energy barrier of the C−N bond coupling process, which provides an idea to predict the catalytic activity of the ChB catalysis.
A Comparative Study of Electrochemical Reduction of Levulinic Acid on Various Electrodes in Organic Solvents
Authors: Burmakina Galina V. , Zimonin Dmitry V. , Verpekin Victor V. , Sychev Valentin V. , Rubaylo Anatoly I.
Published: June 2024

Studies on the electrochemical hydrogenation (ECH) of levulinic acid (LA) to valeric acid (VA) or γ‐valerolactone (GVL) have mainly focused on the electrochemical reduction of LA in acidic aqueous solutions. However, the narrow range of applied potentials has hindered understanding of some mechanistic aspects of LA electrochemical conversion. Earlier, we discovered that employing proton‐deficient non‐aqueous reaction media provides more comprehensive insights into the mechanism of LA electrochemical reduction. Here, we conducted further investigations into the LA electroreduction process using cyclic voltammetry in various organic solvents on a Pt electrode and on various electrode materials in acetonitrile, both with and without the addition of proton donors. The products of the ECH processes were identified using HPLC. The solvent nature, the presence of proton donors, the electrode material, and the applied potential strongly influence the LA electroreduction process. This study reveals that LA, in the presence proton donors, can undergo electrochemical reduction through different pathways, depending on the difference (ΔE1/2) between the reduction half‐wave potential of protons and LA on a certain electrode. When the difference is large, the LA reduction is incomplete and the formation of GVL is observed. Under the close reduction potentials of protons and LA, LA can be completely reduced to VA.
Rare‐Earth Metallocenes for Polymerization of Olefins and Conjugated Dienes: From Fundamental Studies to Olefin Block Copolymers
Authors: Desgranges Ariane , D'Agosto Franck , Boisson Christophe
Published: June 2024

The various steps in the mechanism of olefin polymerizations mediated by neutral rare‐earth metallocene complexes are discussed. The complexes are either trivalent hydride and alkyl rare‐earth compounds or divalent metallocenes that are activated by the monomer via an oxidation step. The stereospecific polymerizations of conjugated dienes based on the association of a cationic metallocene complex and an alkylaluminum and the polymerization mechanism based on monomer insertion into an aluminum‐carbon bond are also discussed. The exploitation of metallocene complexes for the copolymerization of olefins with conjugated dienes is the subject of a third part of this review. The synthesis of new elastomers called ethylene butadiene rubber (EBR) is highlighted. Finally, the use of rare‐earth metallocenes in macromolecular engineering is detailed. This includes the synthesis of functional polyolefins and block copolymers including thermoplastic elastomers.
Marijuana taken off the illegal list?
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2024

Parents are rightly concerned about the increased use of high potency cannabis, which has been linked in several research reports to first episode psychosis. Consider the word “first” — psychosis can be a lifelong chronic condition. Many articles in this publication have highlighted the connection.
Catalytic Upgrading of Acetaldehyde to Acetoin Using a Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst
Authors: Belleflamme Maurice , Hommes Jerome , Dervisoglu Riza , Bartalucci Ettore , Wiegand Thomas , Beine Anna Katharina , Leitner Walter , Vorholt Andreas J.
Published: June 2024

We report the catalytic synthesis of 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanon (acetoin) from acetaldehyde as a key step in the synthesis of C4‐molecules from ethanol. Facile C−C bond formation at the α‐carbon of the C2 building block is achieved using an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst. The immobilization of the catalyst on a Merrifield’s peptide resin and its spectroscopic characterisation using solid‐state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is described herein. The immobilization of the NHC catalyst allows for process intensification steps and the reported catalytic system was subjected to batch recycling as well as continuous flow experiments. The robustness of the catalytic system was shown over a maximum of 10 h time‐on‐stream. Overall, high selectivity S>90 % was observed. The observed deactivation of the catalyst with increasing time‐on‐stream is explained by ex‐situ 1H solution‐state, as well as 13C and 15N solid‐state NMR spectra allowing us to develop a deeper understanding of the underlying decomposition mechanism of the catalyst.
The Two‐Inquiry Rule for Service Animals and Free Speech
Authors: Masinter Michael R.
Published: June 2024

The Department of Justice's regulations for the Americans with Disabilities Act allow two inquiries about whether a dog is a service animal. These regulations have been in place for almost 15 years but have generated little litigation over what is plainly a content‐based speech prohibition. Most recently, in Stalder v. Colorado Mesa University, a Colorado court of appeals held that a Colorado Mesa University staff member's “reasonable suspicion” that a student's dog was not a genuine service animal did not justify an inquiry into the student's medical records or the dog's training history before the staff member authorized access to a campus gym (https://bit.ly/3yLEJnC).
Testing accommodations
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2024

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
A method for detecting gene doping in horse sports without DNA extraction
Authors: Furukawa Risako , Tozaki Teruaki , Kikuchi Mio , Ishige Taichiro , Takahashi Yuji , Fukui Emiko , Kakoi Hironaga
Published: June 2024

Gene doping is prohibited in horse sports and can involve the administration of exogenous genes, called transgenes, to postnatal animals. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods have been developed to detect gene doping; however, these generally require DNA extraction from the plasma prior to qPCR. In this study, we developed two methods, direct droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and nested ddPCR, to detect the equine erythropoietin (EPO) transgene without DNA extraction. Direct ddPCR used pretreated plasma and PCR to detect the EPO transgene spiked at 10 copies/μL. Nested ddPCR utilised pre‐amplification using nontreated plasma, purification of PCR products and PCR to detect the EPO transgene spiked at 1 copy/μL in plasma. These methods successfully detected the EPO transgene after intramuscular injection into horses. Since each method has different detection sensitivity, the combined use of direct ddPCR for screening and nested ddPCR for confirmation may complement each other and prevent the occurrence of false positives, allowing the reliable detection of gene‐doped substances. One advantage of these methods is the small amount of sample required, approximately 2.2–5.0 μl, owing to the lack of a DNA extraction step. Therefore, these tests could be applied to small volume samples as an alternative to conventional gene doping tests.
Characterizing low‐lying coastal upland forests to predict future landward marsh expansion
Authors: Powell Elisabeth , Dubayah Ralph , Stovall Atticus E. L.
Published: June 2024

Sea level rise (SLR) is causing vegetation regime shifts on both the seaward and landward sides of many coastal ecosystems, with the eastern coast of North America experiencing accelerated impacts due to land subsidence and the weakening of the Gulf Stream. Tidal wetland ecosystems, known for their significant carbon storage capacity, are crucial but vulnerable blue carbon habitats. Recent observations suggest that SLR rates may exceed the threshold for elevation gain primarily through vertical accretion in many coastal regions. Therefore, research has focused on mapping the upslope migration of marshes into suitable adjacent lands, as this landward gain may be the most salient process for estimating future wetland resiliency to accelerated rates of SLR. However, our understanding of coastal vegetation characteristics and dynamics in response to SLR is limited due to a lack of in situ data and effective mapping strategies for delineating the boundaries, or ecotones, of these complex coastal ecosystems. In order to effectively study these transitioning ecosystems, it is necessary to employ reliable and scalable landscape metrics that can differentiate between marsh and coastal forests. As such, integrating vegetation structure metrics from light detection and ranging (lidar) could enhance traditional mapping strategies compared to using optical data alone. Here, we used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to measure changes in forest structure along elevation gradients that may be indicative of degradation associated with increased inundation in the Delaware Bay estuary. We analyzed a set of TLS‐derived forest structure metrics to investigate their relationships with elevation, specifically seeking those that showed consistent change from the forest edge to the interior. Our findings revealed a consistent pattern between elevation and the plant area index (PAI), a metric that holds potential for enhancing the delineation of complex coastal ecosystem boundaries, particularly in relation to landward marsh migration. This work provides support for utilizing lidar‐derived forest structural metrics to enable a more accurate assessment of future marsh landscapes and the overall coastal carbon sink under accelerated SLR conditions.
An updated review of composition, health benefits, and applications of phenolic compounds in Ficus Carica L.
Authors: Zhang Qinqiu , Peng Yue , Li Fan , Xu Yi , Zhang Qing , Wu Dingtao , Chen Mingrui , Lin Shang , Qin Wen
Published: June 2024

Ficus carica L. (FC) is rich in phenolic compounds such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Phenolic compounds in FC show remarkable health benefits and applications. The composition of phenolic compounds in FC can vary with some factors, such as variety, ripeness, geographical location, extraction methods and processing methods. New techniques such as supercritical fluid extraction, subcritical water extraction and ionic liquid extraction should be further developed and combined with traditional techniques to obtain higher quality sources of phenolic compounds. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies reported healthy benefits of phenolic compounds in FC, such as anti‐oxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐diabetic, anti‐obesity, anti‐cancer and anti‐Alzheimer's. Further works are required to reveal mechanisms and structure‐activity relationships, such as targeted metabolomics and pharmacological studies. In terms of applications, phenolic compounds in FC as prebiotics on the intestinal flora need to be further studied to expand their applicability in food fermentation. In a word, this review highlights the remarkable health benefits and application value of phenolic compounds in FC.
Left atrial low voltage areas and heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation: Implication of the atrial myopathy
Authors: Masuda Masaharu , Uematsu Hiroyuki , Matsuda Yasuhiro , Sugino Ayako , Ooka Hirotaka , Kudo Satoshi , Fujii Subaru , Okamoto Shin , Ishihara Takayuki , Nanto Kiyonori , Tsujimura Takuya , Hata Yosuke , Nakao Sho , Mano Toshiaki
Published: June 2024

Aims

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) affect each other and are often co‐morbid. The fact that HF development is not uncommon even after ablation suggests that we need a deeper understanding of the pathology of these conditions. Atrial myocardial degeneration is an underlying factor in AF patients and may be associated with HF development after ablation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of low‐voltage areas (LVAs) on HF prognosis after AF ablation.

Methods and results

This observational study included 1481 consecutive patients undergoing initial ablation for AF. Left atrial LVAs were defined as regions with a bipolar peak‐to‐peak voltage of <0.50 mV. Patients were divided into three groups: no LVA (LVA size indexed to body surface area <3 cm2/m2, n = 1129), small LVA (3–10 cm2/m2, n = 217), and extensive LVA (≥10 cm2/m2, n = 135). A composite endpoint of HF hospitalization or death occurred more frequently in patients with larger LVAs (3.3% vs. 6.5% vs. 13.3%, P < 0.0001) during the 3‐year follow up period. The extent of LVAs was independently related to the risk of the composite endpoint with an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.16–2.10) for each additional step of LVA classification (P = 0.003).

Conclusions

LVA presence and its extent were associated with frequent HF hospitalization and death. Underlying atrial myopathy appears to define a poor HF prognosis after AF ablation.
‘Hunger happens elsewhere, here malnutrition results from lack of proper care’: Social representations of malnutrition and processes of Othering in the Nepalese press
Authors: Caillaud Sabine , Payotte Sofia
Published: June 2024

Malnutrition gives rise to stigmatisation worldwide and is a pressing societal issue. Drawing on social representation theory and on the process of othering, a lexicometric analysis of Nepalese press articles (N = 440) was conducted to explore if, and how, Othering of the malnourished is at play and how articles (re)construct the threat of malnutrition. The results indicate that Othering takes different forms depending on the threat the malnourished represent: (a) the malnourished in foreign countries are perceived as suffering from hunger due to a lack of social development and democracy whereas (b) the malnourished in Nepal are perceived as being afflicted because they hold traditional beliefs. However, (c) when the threat can be attributed to natural disasters, no negative attributes were associated with the malnourished in Nepal. This suggests that Othering is neither systematic nor monolithic. These findings illustrate how social psychology can address urgent societal questions while equally offering an opportunity for new theoretical developments.