bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of variational mode decomposition–based Hilbert marginal differential cepstrum for hydrocarbon detection
Authors: Xue Ya‐juan , Wang Xing‐jian , Liu Zhe‐ge , Wen Wu , Yang Jia , Li Dong‐fang , Zhang Xiao‐Xia
Published: August 2023

The possibilities offered by the use of variational mode decomposition–based Hilbert marginal spectrum and the differential cepstrum for gas‐bearing detection are studied in this paper. We propose a novel variational mode decomposition–based Hilbert marginal differential cepstrum for hydrocarbon detection. Variational mode decomposition–based Hilbert marginal spectrum is first computed. Then discrete cosine transform is carried out to the differential logarithmic variational mode decomposition–based Hilbert marginal spectrum to obtain the variational mode decomposition–based Hilbert marginal differential cepstrum. For hydrocarbon detection, the seismic amplitude anomaly section is generated by extracting the first and second common quefrency sections. Compared with the traditional Fourier‐based cepstrum, the wavelet‐based cepstrum and the Berthil cepstrum, it has the ability to effectively reveal more detailed frequency‐dependent amplitude anomalies with high accuracy and resolution. Model tests and field data applications from a carbonate reservoir in China show that the variational mode decomposition‐based Hilbert marginal differential cepstrum can provide a better gas‐prone interpretation. The proposed method can be a complementary approach to current cepstrum‐based hydrocarbon detection methods and the spectrum decomposition methods.
Preliminary feasibility and effectiveness of a novel community language intervention for preschool children in the United Kingdom
Authors: Botting Nicola , Spicer‐Cain Helen , Buckley Bernadine , Mercado Elizabeth , Sharif Khadija , Wood Liz , Flynn Jane , Reeves Louisa
Published: August 2023

Background

Very young children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds often show poorer language development. Whilst there have been attempts to provide early intervention programmes, these sometimes miss the most disadvantaged groups.

Aims

This report presents preliminary feasibility and effectiveness data for a novel language intervention designed for parents of toddlers in the United Kingdom.

Methods and Procedures

In total, 43 UK families of 2–4‐year‐olds were recruited to the study, half of whom completed an 8‐week course (Tots Talking) focussed on parent interaction, and half of whom acted as wait‐list controls.

Results and Outcomes

Results suggest that such programmes are feasible for families with 86% staying in the intervention. In addition, greater changes in underlying communication skills such as joint attention and gesture were evident compared to wait‐list controls.

Conclusions and Implications

We conclude that pre‐verbal skills may be more important to measure as initial outcomes than language or vocabulary change in this population.

What This Paper Adds

What is already known on the subject

Children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds are at higher risk of communication difficulties and there is a need for community intervention programmes for very young children.

What this study adds

This study suggests that such programmes can be feasible and effective, but that very early/basic communicative skills (such as joint attention) may be boosted first rather than language or vocabulary.

What are the clinical implications of this work?

Children's centres and other community services could feasibly run short parent facing courses emphasising contingent communication in low SES families and other diverse groups. These may be more successful run with younger preschoolers. Joint attention may be a better focus of intervention before expecting vocabulary or language change. Community health professionals may find this information useful in referring and supporting families in need.
Independence is not Going Away: The Importance of Education and Birth Cohorts
Authors: Paterson Lindsay
Published: August 2023

Support for Scottish independence has remained stable since the change in the leadership of the Scottish National Party in March 2023, despite the fall in support for the party. The article analyses the sociological basis of independence support since 1979, using data from the Scottish Social Attitudes Survey and recent opinion polls. The recent stability reflects three main changes: the pronounced growth in support among people born since the 1970s; the growth of education in these same cohorts; and the shift to the left of the independence campaign. These long‐term trends suggest that the level of support for independence, and of opposition to it, are unlikely to be affected strongly or permanently by the transient fortunes of the SNP.
Exploring Food Consumption Trends on Twitter with Social Media Analytics: The Example of #Veganuary
Authors: Drescher Larissa S. , Grebitus Carola , Roosen Jutta
Published: August 2023

Using the example of the hashtag #veganuary, a neologism of vegan and January, on Twitter with over 52,000 tweets from 2022, this article shows how Social Media Analytics can provide valuable insights into timing, volume and sentiment within any emerging (consumer) trend. Social Media Analytics is increasingly being used for the analysis of Social Media data. Whether consumers, politicians or entrepreneurs, all stakeholders in the food value chain are present on Social Media and talk about various trends in food and agriculture. In the form of an overview article, this contribution uses the example of the Vegan Challenge to demonstrate how a combination of the manifold methods of Social Media Analytics can provide extensive insights into the public discourse on food topics. It shows that #veganuary communication on Twitter has a predominantly positive connotation in the discussion of all stakeholders involved. The Vegan Challenge can also be categorised as a strong marketing campaign with a competitive character. #veganuary is commonly discussed on Twitter in tweets related to topics, such as veganism and the climate crisis. We argue that Social Media Analytics usefully extends classical analytical tools of consumer research on emerging and spreading food trends, and offers opportunities for many research studies.
Early weight gain after diagnosis may have an impact on remission status in children with new‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Emet Dicle Canoruc , Karavar Hande Nur , Gozmen Onur , Agyar Arife Aslan , Ünsal Yağmur , Canturk Merve , Cengiz Pınar , Vuralli Dogus , Ozon Z. Alev , Gonc E. Nazlı
Published: August 2023

Background

Residual beta‐cell function and improvement in insulin sensitivity by reversal of glucose toxicity are two phenomena thought to be related to partial remission (PR). Body fat mass is the major determinant of insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the rate of body weight gain after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and other clinical factors for the development and duration of PR.

Methods

Children (2–16 years) with new‐onset T1DM (n = 99) were grouped into remitters and non‐remitters by using insulin dose‐adjusted glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values. Laboratory and clinical data as well as daily insulin requirement per kilogram of body weight at diagnosis and each visit were recorded, and the duration of PR was determined. Changes in body mass index standard deviation score (BMI‐SDS) were calculated by the auxological data collected every 6 months.

Results

There were 47 remitters (47.5%) and 52 (52.5%) non‐remitters. The mean increase in BMI‐SDS at the first 6 months of diagnosis was higher in the non‐remitters than in the remitters (p = 0.04). Duration of PR was negatively correlated with the change in BMI‐SDS between 6 and 12 months after diagnosis. Male sex, younger age, prepubertal status, and lower HbA1c were predictors of remission, among which male sex had the highest chance by multivariate regression.

Conclusions

Early rapid weight gain after diagnosis of T1DM may play a role in the lack of remission and shorter duration of PR. Interventions to prevent early rapid weight gain can maintain the development and prolongation of remission.
Healthcare utilization of lung cancer patients associated with exposure to fine particulate matter: A Korean cohort study
Authors: Oh In‐Jae , Park Cheol‐Kyu , Min Kyoung‐Bok , Min Jin‐Young , Chung Chaeuk , Yoon Seong‐Hoon , Kim Changsoo , Yang Sei‐Hoon
Published: August 2023

Background

Higher concentrations of particulate matter (PM) have been shown to cause deterioration of the symptoms of respiratory and cardiovascular disease in several regional studies. Here, we aimed to investigate the healthcare utilization of lung cancer patients associated with short‐term exposure to PM at the national level in Korea.

Methods

We extracted the data of 210 558 subjects over a period of 3 years (2015–2017), who were diagnosed with lung cancer before 2015 and benefited from the National Health Insurance Sharing Service. We performed the interpolation method using the geographic information system to calculate the estimated mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations by regions and classified three groups as high (upper 10%), intermediate (10%–90%), and low (bottom 10%) based on the mean PM mass concentrations of the month.

Results

The monthly average number of outpatient visits was significantly increased in high PM2.5 urban areas (46.296 vs. 50.646, p = 0.015). In high PM2.5 nationwide regions, the monthly average number of emergency admission was significantly increased (0.528 vs. 0.785, p = 0.001). The outpatient visits tended to change with PM2.5 concentration and correlated with PM10/PM2.5 concentrations in urban and nationwide areas. In high PM2.5 urban regions, there was a significant increase in bronchodilator prescriptions (3.102 vs. 3.758, p = 0.008). Concerning high PM2.5 nationwide regions, there were significantly increased prescriptions of antibiotics, steroids, bronchodilators, antihistamines, and mucolytics.

Conclusions

This study suggests that exposure to PM2.5 is significantly associated with hospital utilization and drug prescription in lung cancer patients.
Resting state functional connectivity as a predictor of brief intervention response in adults with alcohol use disorder: A preliminary study
Authors: Syan Sabrina K. , McIntyre‐Wood Carly , Vandehei Emily , Vidal Mae Linda , Hargreaves Tegan , Levitt Emily E. , Scarfe Molly , Marsden Emma , MacKillop Emily , Sarles‐Whittlesey Heidi , Amlung Michael , Sweet Lawrence , MacKillop James
Published: August 2023

Background

Brief interventions for alcohol use disorder (AUD) are generally efficacious, albeit with variability in response. Resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) may characterize neurobiological indicators that predict the response to brief interventions and is the focus of the current investigation.

Materials and Methods

Forty‐six individuals with AUD (65.2% female) completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan immediately followed by a brief intervention aimed at reducing alcohol consumption. Positive clinical response was defined as a reduction in alcohol consumption by at least one World Health Organization (WHO) risk drinking level at 3‐month follow‐up. rsFC was analyzed using seed‐to‐voxel analysis with seed regions from four networks: salience network, reward network, frontoparietal network, and default mode network.

Results

At baseline, responders had greater rsFC between the following seed regions in relation to voxel‐based clusters than non‐responders: (i) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in relation to left postcentral gyrus and right supramarginal gyrus (salience network); (ii) right posterior parietal cortex in relation to right ventral ACC (salience network); (iii) right interior frontal gyrus (IFG) pars opercularis in relation to right cerebellum and right occipital fusiform gyrus (frontoparietal); and (iv) right primary motor cortex in relation to left thalamus (default mode). Lower rsFC in responders vs. nonresponders was seen between the (i) right rostral prefrontal cortex in relation to left IFG pars triangularis (frontoparietal); (ii) right IFG pars triangularis in relation to right cerebellum (frontoparietal); (iii) right IFG pars triangularis in relation to right frontal eye fields and right angular gyrus (frontoparietal); and (iv) right nucleus accumbens in relation to right orbital frontal cortex and right insula (reward).

Conclusions

Resting state functional connectivity in the frontoparietal, salience, and reward networks predicts the response to a brief intervention in individuals with AUD and could reflect greater receptivity or motivation for behavior change.
Do buy‐side analysts inform sell‐side analyst research?
Authors: Cici Gjergji , Shane Philip B. , Yang Yanhua Sunny
Published: August 2023

This paper examines whether sell‐side analysts' interactions with buy‐side analysts influence the quality of sell‐side research output. We hypothesise that these interactions offer the sell side a view of the buy side's private information, which enhances the quality of sell‐side research. Our findings show that analyst earnings forecast accuracy improves with these interactions with diminishing returns. Results are robust to alternative proxies for research quality and information flow from buy‐side to sell‐side analysts. Additional tests rule out endogeneity concerns, strengthening the inference that feedback from interactions with buy‐side analysts improves the quality of sell‐side research output.
The use of sodium hypochlorite mixed with etidronic acid during canal preparation increases debris extrusion
Authors: Tartari Talita , Wilchenski Brenda Stefhany , de Souza Lima Luana Arantes , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Ballal Vasudev , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of different irrigation protocols on debris extrusion. Single‐rooted teeth were distributed into groups based on the irrigation protocols (n = 40): 2.5% NaOCl (biomechanical preparation: 20 mL and final irrigation: 5 mL); 2.5% NaOCl (biomechanical preparation: 20 mL) + 17% EDTA (final irrigation: 2 mL) + 2.5% NaOCl (final irrigation: 3 mL); and a mixture of 5% NaOCl +18% HEDP (biomechanical preparation: 20 mL and final irrigation: 5 mL). The canals were prepared using a reciprocating instrument size 40/0.06. For final irrigation, the groups were reassigned based on the agitation methods (n = 10): (a) no agitation; (b) ultrasonic; (c) sonic; and (d) continuous rotation. The control group (n = 10) received saline solution without agitation. The amount of debris extruded was measured by weight and analysed using One‐way ANOVA (α < 0.05). The subgroups treated with NaOCl + HEDP mixture showed a significantly higher amount of extruded debris (p < 0.05), while there was no difference among agitation methods in all groups (p > 0.05).
Efficacy of secondary intention healing for scalp defects—Case series from a single institution
Authors: Daly Sudipta , Gaspar Zoran , Francis David , Coates Dougal , Pagliaro John
Published: August 2023

Background/Objectives

As surgical techniques evolve, there remains underutilisation of secondary intention healing as a valid reconstruction option. This is largely due to concerns regarding inferiority of wound cosmesis, increased downtime with wound healing and infection risk (Dermatol Surg. 2020; 46(12): 1492–97).

Methods

We sought to look at the outcome of secondary intention healing in a cohort of patients seen at a private dermatology practice with small to medium sized scalp defects. All patients completed a satisfaction survey that further evaluated its feasibility.

Results

Excellent cosmetic outcome was noted with secondary intention healing for small to medium scalp defects, specifically in patients with thinning scalps that allowed healing without patchy alopecia.

Conclusions

Secondary intention healing should be considered as a reconstructive option for scalp defects, especially in the right patient cohort.
Former long‐term use of combined hormonal contraception and glucose metabolism disorders in perimenopausal women: A prospective, population‐based cohort study
Authors: Mosorin Maria‐Elina , Ollila Meri‐Maija , Nordström Tanja , Jokelainen Jari , Piltonen Terhi , Auvinen Juha , Morin‐Papunen Laure , Tapanainen Juha
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Current use of combined hormonal contraceptives worsens glucose tolerance and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus at late fertile age, but the impact of their former use on the risk of glucose metabolism disorders is still controversial.

Material and methods

This was a prospective, longitudinal birth cohort study with long‐term follow‐up consisting of 5889 women. The cohort population has been followed at birth, and at ages of 1, 14, 31 and 46. In total, 3280 (55.7%) women were clinically examined and 2780 also underwent a 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test at age 46. Glucose metabolism indices were analyzed in former combined hormonal contraceptive users (n = 1371) and former progestin‐only contraceptive users (n = 52) and in women with no history of hormonal contraceptive use (n = 253).

Results

Compared with women with no history of hormonal contraceptive use, those who formerly used combined hormonal contraceptives for over 10 years had an increased risk of prediabetes (odds ratio [OR] 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–9.2) but not of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Former progestin‐only contraceptive use was not associated with any glucose metabolism disorders. The results persisted after adjusting for socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, parity, body mass index and use of cholesterol‐lowering medication.

Conclusions

Former long‐term use of combined hormonal contraceptives was associated with a significantly increased risk of prediabetes in perimenopausal women, which potentially indicates a need of screening for glucose metabolism disorders in these women.
A field study on the effects of inactivated bacteria vaccine for respiratory diseases in Japanese Black calves
Authors: Otomaru Konosuke , Fujimura Yu , Miyahara Takuro , Saita Hiroto , Usa Amane , Waki Hitoshi
Published: August 2023

This study evaluated the effects of vaccination for Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Histophilus somni in young Japanese Black calves at an ordinal farm, where respiratory diseases frequently occur at a young age. In total, 105 calves were divided into the vaccination group (n = 52), which received inactivated combined vaccine at 0 and 2 weeks of age, and the control group (n = 53), which received no vaccine. From both groups, eight calves each were randomly selected to determine the antibody titers. And, the incidence of respiratory disease and medical costs (treatment plus vaccination costs) were recorded for each group from birth to 16 weeks of age. In the vaccination group, the antibody titers against P. multocida, M. haemolytica, and H. somni were significantly higher than those in the control group after 8, 12, and 4 weeks of age, respectively (p < 0.05). The incidence of respiratory disease was significantly lower in the vaccination group compared to the control group (p < 0.01), and the medical costs per calf in the vaccination group were 46.4% lower than in the control group. These results might contribute to establishing an effective vaccination program against respiratory diseases in calves at each farm.
A new population pharmacokinetic model for recombinant factor IX‐Fc fusion concentrate including young children with haemophilia B
Authors: Koopman Sjoerd F. , Goedhart Tine M.H.J. , Bukkems Laura H. , Mulders Trevor M. , Leebeek Frank W.G. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Coppens Michiel , Mathias Mary , Collins Peter W. , Tait R. Campbell , Bagot Catherine N. , Curry Nicola , Payne Jeanette , Chowdary Pratima , Cnossen Marjon H. , Mathôt Ron A.A. ,   for the OPTI‐CLOT study group and SYMPHONY consortium
Published: August 2023

Aims

Recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIX‐Fc) is an extended half‐life factor concentrate administered to haemophilia B patients. So far, a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model has only been published for patients aged ≥12 years. The aim was to externally evaluate the predictive performance of the published rFIX‐Fc population PK model for patients of all ages and develop a model that describes rFIX‐Fc PK using real‐world data.

Methods

We collected prospective and retrospective data from patients with haemophilia B treated with rFIX‐Fc and included in the OPTI‐CLOT TARGET study (NTR7523) or United Kindom (UK)‐EHL Outcomes Registry (NCT02938156). Predictive performance was assessed by comparing predicted with observed FIX activity levels. A new population PK model was constructed using nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling.

Results

Real‐world data were obtained from 37 patients (median age: 16 years, range 2–71) of whom 14 were aged <12 years. Observed FIX activity levels were significantly higher than levels predicted using the published model, with a median prediction error of −48.8%. The new model showed a lower median prediction error (3.4%) and better described rFIX‐Fc PK, especially for children aged <12 years. In the new model, an increase in age was correlated with a decrease in clearance (P < .01).

Conclusions

The published population PK model significantly underpredicted FIX activity levels. The new model better describes rFIX‐Fc PK, especially for children aged <12 years. This study underlines the necessity to strive for representative population PK models, thereby avoiding extrapolation outside the studied population.
Adverse drug events caused by three high‐risk drug–drug interactions in patients admitted to intensive care units: A multicentre retrospective observational study
Authors: Klopotowska Joanna E. , Leopold Jan‐Hendrik , Bakker Tinka , Yasrebi‐de Kom Izak , Engelaer Frouke M. , de Jonge Evert , Haspels‐Hogervorst Esther K. , van den Bergh Walter M. , Renes Maurits H. , de Jong Bas T. , Kieft Hans , Wieringa Andre , Hendriks Stefaan , Lau Cedric , van Bree Sjoerd H. W. , Lammers Hendrick J. W. , Wierenga Peter C. , Bosman Rob J. , de Jong Vincent M. , Slijkhuis Mirjam , Franssen Eric J. F. , Vermeijden Wytze J. , Masselink Joost , Purmer Ilse M. , Bosma Liesbeth E. , Hoeksema Martin , Wesselink Elsbeth , de Lange Dylan W. , de Keizer Nicolette F. , Dongelmans Dave A. , Abu‐Hanna Ameen
Published: August 2023

Aims

Knowledge about adverse drug events caused by drug–drug interactions (DDI‐ADEs) is limited. We aimed to provide detailed insights about DDI‐ADEs related to three frequent, high‐risk potential DDIs (pDDIs) in the critical care setting: pDDIs with international normalized ratio increase (INR+) potential, pDDIs with acute kidney injury (AKI) potential, and pDDIs with QTc prolongation potential.

Methods

We extracted routinely collected retrospective data from electronic health records of intensive care units (ICUs) patients (≥18 years), admitted to ten hospitals in the Netherlands between January 2010 and September 2019. We used computerized triggers (e‐triggers) to preselect patients with potential DDI‐ADEs. Between September 2020 and October 2021, clinical experts conducted a retrospective manual patient chart review on a subset of preselected patients, and assessed causality, severity, preventability, and contribution to ICU length of stay of DDI‐ADEs using internationally prevailing standards.

Results

In total 85 422 patients with ≥1 pDDI were included. Of these patients, 32 820 (38.4%) have been exposed to one of the three pDDIs. In the exposed group, 1141 (3.5%) patients were preselected using e‐triggers. Of 237 patients (21%) assessed, 155 (65.4%) experienced an actual DDI‐ADE; 52.9% had severity level of serious or higher, 75.5% were preventable, and 19.3% contributed to a longer ICU length of stay. The positive predictive value was the highest for DDI‐INR+ e‐trigger (0.76), followed by DDI‐AKI e‐trigger (0.57).

Conclusion

The highly preventable nature and severity of DDI‐ADEs, calls for action to optimize ICU patient safety. Use of e‐triggers proved to be a promising preselection strategy.
How teachers conceptualise shared control with an AI co‐orchestration tool: A multiyear teacher‐centred design process
Authors: Lawrence LuEttaMae , Echeverria Vanessa , Yang Kexin , Aleven Vincent , Rummel Nikol
Published: August 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance teachers' capabilities by sharing control over different parts of learning activities. This is especially true for complex learning activities, such as dynamic learning transitions where students move between individual and collaborative learning in un‐planned ways, as the need arises. Yet, few initiatives have emerged considering how shared responsibility between teachers and AI can support learning and how teachers' voices might be included to inform design decisions. The goal of our article is twofold. First, we describe a secondary analysis of our co‐design process comprising six design methods to understand how teachers conceptualise sharing control with an AI co‐orchestration tool, called Pair‐Up. We worked with 76 middle school math teachers, each taking part in one to three methods, to create a co‐orchestration tool that supports dynamic combinations of individual and collaborative learning using two AI‐based tutoring systems. We leveraged qualitative content analysis to examine teachers' views about sharing control with Pair‐Up, and we describe high‐level insights about the human‐AI interaction, including control, trust, responsibility, efficiency, and accuracy. Secondly, we use our results as an example showcasing how human‐centred learning analytics can be applied to the design of human‐AI technologies and share reflections for human‐AI technology designers regarding the methods that might be fruitful to elicit teacher feedback and ideas. Our findings illustrate the design of a novel co‐orchestration tool to facilitate the transitions between individual and collaborative learning and highlight considerations and reflections for designers of similar systems.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help teachers facilitate complex classroom activities, such as having students move between individual and collaborative learning in unplanned ways.

Designers should use human‐centred design approaches to give teachers a voice in deciding what AI might do in the classroom and if or how they want to share control with it.

What this paper adds:

Presents teacher views about how they want to share control with AI to support students moving between individual and collaborative learning.

Describes how we adapted six design methods to design AI features.

Illustrates a complete, iterative process to create human‐AI interactions to support teachers as they facilitate students moving from individual to collaborative learning.

Implications for practice:

We share five implications for designers that teachers highlighted as necessary when designing AI‐features, including control, trust, responsibility, efficiency and accuracy.

Our work also includes a reflection on our design process and implications for future design processes.
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: No evidence of systemic inflammation as a modulator of disease severity. Could placental inflammation be key?
Authors: Böhm David , Wienzek‐Lischka Sandra , Cooper Nina , Berghöfer Heike , Müller Katja , Bayat Behnaz , Bein Gregor , Sachs Ulrich J.
Published: August 2023

In fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), maternal alloantibodies against paternal human platelet antigens (HPA) cross the placenta and lead to platelet destruction. The extent of thrombocytopenia varies among neonates, and inflammation may constitute an important trigger. A set of stable inflammatory markers was measured in serum samples from neonates with low platelet counts, of which n = 50 were diagnosed with FNAIT due to anti‐HPA‐1a antibodies and n = 50 were thrombocytopenic without detectable maternal HPA antibodies. Concentrations of C‐reactive protein, soluble CD14, procalcitonin, and sFlt‐1 did not differ between the two cohorts. There was no correlation between C‐reactive protein or soluble CD14 and the platelet count, but a negative correlation between procalcitonin concentrations and the neonatal platelet count in both cohorts. sFlt‐1 concentration and the platelet count were correlated in FNAIT cases exclusively. None of the inflammatory markers was statistically different between cases with and without intracranial haemorrhage. We were unable to identify systemic inflammation as a relevant factor for thrombocytopenia in FNAIT. The antiangiogenic enzyme sFlt‐1, released by the placenta, did correlate with the platelet count in FNAIT cases. Our findings may give rise to the hypothesis that placental inflammation rather than systemic inflammation modulates disease severity in FNAIT.
Structural properties and immune‐enhancing activities of galactan isolated from red seaweed Grateloupia filicina
Authors: Ma Nan , Palanisamy Subramanian , Yelithao Khamphone , Talapphet Natchanok , Zhang Yutong , Dae‐Hee Lee , Shin Il‐Shik , Lee Dong‐Jin , You SangGuan
Published: August 2023

A water‐soluble polysaccharide (GFP) was isolated from Grateloupia filicina and fractionated using a DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column to evaluate immunostimulatory activity. Carbohydrates (62.0%–68.4%) and sulfates (29.3%–34.3%) were the major components of GFP and its fractions (GFP‐1 and GFP‐2), with relatively lower levels of proteins (4.5%–15.4%) and uronic acid (1.4%–3.9%). The average molecular weight (Mw) for GFP and its fractions was calculated between 98.2%–243.7 kDa. The polysaccharides were composed of galactose (62.1%–87.2%), glucose (4.5%–33.2%), xylose (3.1%–5.3%), mannose (1.4%–2.2%), rhamnose (1.2%–2.0%), and arabinose (0.9%–1.7%) units connected through →3)‐Galp‐(1→, →4)‐Galp‐(1→, →2)‐Galp‐(1→, →6)‐Galp‐(1→, →3,4)‐Galp ‐(1→, →3,6)‐Galp‐(1→, →4,6)‐Galp‐(1→, →3,4,6)‐Galp‐(1→, →2,3)‐Galp‐(1→, →2,4)‐Galp‐(1→, →4)‐Glcp‐(1→, →6)‐Glcp‐(1→ and →4,6)‐Glcp‐(1→residues. The isolated polysaccharides effectively induced RAW264.7 murine macrophages by releasing nitric oxide (NO) and various cytokines via nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Further, the expression of toll‐like receptor‐2 (TLR‐2) and TLR‐4 in RAW264.7 cells indicated their activation through TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 binding receptors. Among the polysaccharides, GFP‐1 highly stimulated the activation of RAW264.7 cells, which was mainly constituted of (→1) terminal‐D‐galactopyranosyl, (1→3)‐linked‐ᴅ‐galactopyranosyl, (1→4)‐linked‐ᴅ‐galactopyranosyl and (1→3,4) ‐linked‐ᴅ‐galactopyranosyl residues. These findings demonstrate that GFP‐1 from G. filicina are effective at stimulating the immune system and this warrants further investigation to determine potential biomedical applications.
Epidermal biomarkers of the skin barrier in atopic and contact dermatitis
Authors: de Boer F. L. , van der Molen H. F. , Kezic S.
Published: August 2023

Dysfunction of the skin barrier plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. Epidermal biomarkers can aid in evaluating the functionality of the skin barrier and understanding the mechanisms that underlay its impairment. This narrative review provides an overview of recent studies on epidermal biomarkers associated with the function and integrity of the skin barrier, and their application in research on atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. The reviewed studies encompass a wide spectrum of molecular, morphological and biophysical biomarkers, mainly obtained from stratum corneum tape strips and biopsies. Lipids, natural moisturizing factors, and structural proteins are the most frequently reported molecular biomarkers. Additionally, corneocyte surface topography and elasticity show potential as biomarkers for assessing the physical barrier of the skin. In contact dermatitis studies, biomarkers are commonly employed to evaluate skin irritation and differentiate between irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. In atopic dermatitis, biomarkers are primarily utilized to identify differences between atopic and healthy skin, for predictive purposes, and monitoring response to therapies. While this overview identifies potential biomarkers for the skin barrier, their validation as epidermal biomarkers for atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis has yet to be established.
Investigation of vertical margin involvement in endoscopic resection for T1 colorectal cancer
Authors: Kano Yuki , Yamamoto Yoichi , Ikematsu Hiroaki , Sasabe Maasa , Minakata Nobuhisa , Watanabe Takashi , Yamashita Hiroki , Mitsui Tomohiro , Inaba Atsushi , Sunakawa Hironori , Nakajo Keiichiro , Murano Tatsuro , Kadota Tomohiro , Shinmura Kensuke , Yano Tomonori
Published: August 2023

Objectives

The resection of vertical margin‐negative submucosally invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) relies on the pathological risk assessment of lymph node metastasis. However, no large‐scale study has clarified the endoscopic resection (ER) outcome for submucosally invasive CRC, focusing on the vertical margin status. This retrospective study aimed to examine vertical margin involvement in ER for submucosally invasive CRC and explore the treatment consequences associated with vertical margin status.

Methods

We analyzed 395 submucosally invasive CRC cases in 389 patients who underwent ER at our hospital between 2008 and 2020. The presence of residual tumors and simultaneous lymph node metastasis in patients who underwent additional surgery was assessed and compared between the vertical incomplete ER and the vertical margin‐negative groups.

Results

Among the patients, 270 were men, with a median age of 69 years. The vertical incomplete ER rate was 21.5%, with positive vertical margins and unclear vertical margins identified in 12.2% and 9.3% of the cases, respectively. Among 154 patients who underwent additional surgery after ER, the vertical incomplete ER group had a significantly higher residual tumor rate than the vertical margin‐negative group (P = 0.001). The vertical incomplete ER group had a significantly higher lymph node metastasis rate than the vertical margin‐negative group (P = 0.029).

Conclusion

This study clarified the substantial risk of vertical incomplete ER in submucosally invasive CRC and revealed the high risk of residual tumor and lymph node metastasis in vertical incomplete ER for submucosal CRC.
Advanced biomedical imaging for accurate discrimination and prognostication of mediastinal masses
Authors: Mahmoudi Scherwin , Gruenewald Leon D. , Eichler Katrin , Martin Simon S. , Booz Christian , Bernatz Simon , Lahrsow Maximilian , Yel Ibrahim , Gotta Jennifer , Biciusca Teodora , Mohammed Hanin , Ziegengeist Nicole Suarez , Torgashov Katerina , Hammerstingl Renate M. , Sommer Christof M. , Weber Christophe , Almansour Haidara , Bucolo Giuseppe , D'Angelo Tommaso , Scholtz Jan‐Erik , Gruber‐Rouh Tatjana , Vogl Thomas J. , Koch Vitali
Published: August 2023

Background

To investigate the potential of radiomic features and dual‐source dual‐energy CT (DECT) parameters in differentiating between benign and malignant mediastinal masses and predicting patient outcomes.

Methods

In this retrospective study, we analysed data from 90 patients (38 females, mean age 51 ± 25 years) with confirmed mediastinal masses who underwent contrast‐enhanced DECT. Attenuation, radiomic features and DECT‐derived imaging parameters were evaluated by two experienced readers. We performed analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi‐square statistic tests for data comparison. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and Cox regression tests were used to differentiate between mediastinal masses.

Results

Of the 90 mediastinal masses, 49 (54%) were benign, including cases of thymic hyperplasia/thymic rebound (n = 10), mediastinitis (n = 16) and thymoma (n = 23). The remaining 41 (46%) lesions were classified as malignant, consisting of lymphoma (n = 28), mediastinal tumour (n = 4) and thymic carcinoma (n = 9). Significant differences were observed between benign and malignant mediastinal masses in all DECT‐derived parameters (p ≤ .001) and 38 radiomic features (p ≤ .044) obtained from contrast‐enhanced DECT. The combination of these methods achieved an area under the curve of .98 (95% CI, .893–1.000; p < .001) to differentiate between benign and malignant masses, with 100% sensitivity and 91% specificity. Throughout a follow‐up of 1800 days, a multiparametric model incorporating radiomic features, DECT parameters and gender showed promising prognostic power in predicting all‐cause mortality (c‐index = .8 [95% CI, .702–.890], p < .001).

Conclusions

A multiparametric approach combining radiomic features and DECT‐derived imaging biomarkers allows for accurate and noninvasive differentiation between benign and malignant masses in the anterior mediastinum.
Evaluation of high‐density lipoprotein‐bound long non‐coding RNAs in subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Scicali Roberto , Bosco Giosiana , Scamporrino Alessandra , Di Mauro Stefania , Filippello Agnese , Di Giacomo Barbagallo Francesco , Spampinato Salvatore , Pavanello Chiara , Ossoli Alice , Di Pino Antonino , Calabresi Laura , Purrello Francesco , Piro Salvatore
Published: August 2023

Abstract

Background

Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could be attractive circulating biomarkers for cardiovascular risk stratification in subjects at high atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk such as familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). Our aim was to investigate the presence of lncRNAs carried by high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) in FH subjects and to evaluate the associations of HDL‐lncRNAs with lipoproteins and mechanical vascular impairment assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV).

Methods

This was a retrospective observational study involving 94 FH subjects on statin treatment. Biochemical assays, HDL purification, lncRNA and PWV analyses were performed in all subjects.

Results

LncRNA HIF1A‐AS2, LASER and LEXIS were transported by HDL; moreover, HDL‐lncRNA LEXIS was associated with Lp(a) plasma levels (p < .01). In a secondary analysis, the study population was stratified into two groups based on the Lp(a) median value. The high‐Lp(a) group exhibited a significant increase of PWV compared to the low‐Lp(a) group (9.23 ± .61 vs. 7.67 ± .56, p < .01). While HDL‐lncRNA HIF1A‐AS2 and LASER were similar in the two groups, the high‐Lp(a) group exhibited a significant downregulation of HDL‐lncRNA LEXIS compared to the low‐Lp(a) group (fold change −4.4, p < .0001). Finally, Lp(a) and HDL‐lncRNA LEXIS were associated with PWV (for Lp(a) p < .01; for HDL‐lncRNA LEXIS p < .05).

Conclusions

LncRNA HIF1A‐AS2, LASER and LEXIS were transported by HDL; moreover, significant relationships of HDL‐lncRNA LEXIS with Lp(a) levels and PWV were found. Our study suggests that HDL‐lncRNA LEXIS may be useful to better identify FH subjects with more pronounced vascular damage.
Shared decision‐making in scaling and root planing
Authors: Verdugo José , Laughter Lory , Chambers David W.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Estimate proportion of various approaches used by dental hygienists for engaging patients in decisions commonly arising during scaling and root planing. Distribution of approaches was compared across various task components in this procedure, practice experience of dental hygienists and patient compliance.

Materials and Methods

Survey of graduates from and students in a baccalaureate dental hygiene program.

Results

Paternalism (tell then do) and informed consent (give choices and reasons and ask for permission) were more common than shared decision‐making (discuss alternatives, solicit patient input and arrive at a mutual decision) and disengagement (patient refusing offered service or avoiding further involvement) by a ratio of 4 to 1 for the first 2 compared with the latter 2. This relationship was held across selecting treatment, procedural adjuncts, homecare instructions and financial arrangements. Dental hygienists exhibited a range of personal preferences for engagement approaches. No‐show rate, patient disengagement outside the office, was high (20%).

Conclusion

Dental hygienists reported using ‘more controlled’ approaches to engaging patients in decisions regarding treatment. Patients may prefer to engage in more shared decisions and choose this approach by staying away from the office. This may underestimate patients' decisions to stay away from treatment, for example by not showing for completion of the treatment or disregarding homecare routines.
Learning in conversation—A feasibility pilot study involving dental students and older people
Authors: Gallagher Jennifer E. , Awojobi Oluwatunmise , Ahilan Abayen , Al Dahwy Ali , Faryabi‐Araghi Kiarash , Hassan Vania , Hills Ross , Khan Pippasha , Kwaskowski Timothy , Li Guanhong , Tinker Anthea
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Older people represent a growing proportion of the population in most high‐income countries. The impact of oral diseases on health and well‐being is far‐reaching, and future graduates should be able to meet their needs in this phase of life. This research tested the feasibility of involving dental students in direct community engagement to explore older peoples' oral health concerns and information needs.

Materials and Methods

Seventeen older people were recruited locally to attend workshops with eight dental students in a health and well‐being centre. First, older people selected oral health‐related topics important to them, raising relevant questions and concerns. Students provided evidence‐informed feedback on these selected topics at a subsequent workshop. Participants (students and older people) reflected on their involvement (via questionnaires, discussions and personal reflections). Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The structure, process and outcome of the study were explored.

Results

Structure: Both students and older people were willing to participate in workshops. Workshops in the community facilitated active engagement between both groups without the constraints of clinics. Process: Students considered pre‐workshop preparations adequate but raised issues about their ability to manage ‘strong characters’ within discussion groups. Outcome: Older people welcomed the initiative. Important topics raised by them were addressed by students giving them advice on maintaining their oral health. Students reported an improved understanding of how older people can be supported and expected a significant impact on future practice.

Conclusion

Student involvement in direct community engagement was welcomed by all, demonstrating the feasibility and positive impact of the design whilst highlighting issues of importance for older people's oral health.
The challenge of selecting an appropriate soil organic carbon simulation model: A comprehensive global review and validation assessment
Authors: Garsia Agata , Moinet Antoine , Vazquez Carmen , Creamer Rachel E. , Moinet Gabriel Y. K.
Published: August 2023

Promotion of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration as a potential solution to support climate change mitigation as well as more sustainable farming systems is rising steeply. As a result, voluntary carbon markets are rapidly expanding in which farmers get paid per tons of carbon dioxide sequestered. This market relies on protocols using simulation models to certify that increases in SOC stocks do indeed occur and generate tradable carbon credits. This puts tremendous pressure on SOC simulation models, which are now expected to provide the foundation for a reliable global carbon credit generation system. There exist an incredibly large number SOC simulation models which vary considerably in their applicability and sensitivity. This confronts practitioners and certificate providers with the critical challenge of selecting the models that are appropriate to the specific conditions in which they will be applied. Model validation and the context of said validation define the boundaries of applicability of the model, and are critical therefore to model selection. To date, however, guidelines for model selection are lacking. In this review, we present a comprehensive review of existing SOC models and a classification of their validation contexts. We found that most models are not validated (71%), and out of those validated, validation contexts are overall limited. Validation studies so far largely focus on the global north. Therefore, countries of the global south, the least emitting countries that are already facing the most drastic consequences of climate change, are the most poorly supported. In addition, we found a general lack of clear reporting, numerous flaws in model performance evaluation, and a poor overall coverage of land use types across countries and pedoclimatic conditions. We conclude that, to date, SOC simulation does not represent an adequate tool for globally ensuring effectiveness of SOC sequestration effort and ensuring reliable carbon crediting.
Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) Medals and Awards celebration 2023
Authors: Clifford Nigel , Mitchell Andrew , Driver Felix , Mackay Anson , Barlow Jos , Fraser Harriet , Castree Noel
Published: August 2023

The Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) annual Medals and Awards recognise achievements in researching, communicating, and teaching a wide range of geographical knowledge. The speeches and citations are a record of the 2023 celebrations, which occurred at the Society on 5 June 2023, with contributions from Andrew Mitchell, Felix Driver, Anson Mackay, Jos Barlow, Harriet Fraser, and Noel Castree.
Presidential address and record of the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) AGM 2023
Authors: Clifford Nigel
Published: August 2023

In the Society's AGM, the President of the Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Nigel Clifford offered some thoughts on the current state of geography and the Society. In particular he reflected on the fact that it is a great time for geography and to be a geographer, on the health of the Society, and offered some thank yous and reflections on his upcoming final year.