bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morenophilia/Morenophobia
Authors: Masiki Trent
Published: December 2024

Chapter 3 examines the relationship between the post-soul condition and When the Spirits Dance Mambo: Growing Up Nuyorican in El Barrio (2004) by Dr. Marta Moreno Vega. Although WSDM is set in the 1950s, the context of its composition and publication are mediated by the Afrocentric and multiracial discourses of the post-soul era. As an Afrocentric Puerto Rican scholar and memoirist, Vega complicates debates about Black cynicism and authenticity in Nelson George’s Post-Soul Nation and Debra Dickerson’s The End of Blackness, two post-soul treatises that were published in the same year as WSDM. In this chapter, I examine the philias and phobias of Afro-Latino and African American interculturalism in WSDM to enrich and invite conversations about Afro-Latinidad’s relationship to the post-soul condition. Vega makes a diasporic connection between Afro-Latinos and African Americans by fusing Katherine Dunham, the famous African American choreographer, with La Dominadora, a spirit guide in the Afro-Caribbean religion known as Santerismo. The figurative fusion of Dunham and La Dominadora reifies Vega’s theory of the Black Global Aesthetic (BGA). Vega’s fusion is informed by her doctoral research on the history of Latin jazz and Santería in post-war New York, a history in which Dunham played a major role.
Post-Soul Latinidad
Authors: Masiki Trent
Published: December 2024

Chapter 4 examines post-soul representations of Black nationalism and speculative realism in Veronica Chambers’s Mama’s Girl (1996) and Raquel Cepeda’s Bird of Paradise: How I Became Latina (2013). Chambers and Cepeda’s memoirs include a significant admixture of African American history, culture, and political ideology. Chambers and Cepeda were raised in New York City in the wake of the Black Power movement. As they came of age, Chambers and Cepeda were attracted to the antipodes of Black nationalism. Chambers repeatedly invokes the civil rights movement’s integrationist agenda in Mama’s Girl, and she does so in a way that valorizes Talented Tenth elitism and neoliberal luck egalitarianism. In contrast, Cepeda was aligned in spirit, if not in practice, with the cultural separatist pole of Black nationalism. She was attracted to the hip hop and theosophy of the Five Percent Nation, a splinter sect of the Nation of Islam, as well as to Santería, Kabbala, and the scientific arcana of genealogical genetic profiling. The ways in which the antipodes of Black nationalism mediate Latinidad in Mama’s Girl and Bird of Paradise reveal the significance of the African American presence in Latina autobiography and highlight the commensurability between Latino and African American studies.
Coda
Authors: Masiki Trent
Published: December 2024

The Coda explores the Afro-Latino memoir’s relationship to American literary nationalism, the postrace aesthetic, and interethnic trends in comparative Latino literary studies. In the Coda, I argue that Afro-Latino memoir writers take the existence of US literature and the sociopolitical utility of cultural nationalism for granted, demonstrating their acknowledgment of the constitutive aesthetic and political influence that African American literature and Black nationalism had on their development as writers, activists, and community organizers. The Coda goes on to examine how the postrace aesthetics of the Afro-Latino memoir simultaneously reproduce and critique of the American Dream. It concludes by calling for more comparative literary studies that not only examine how Afro-Latinidad functions among Latinos and Afro-Latinos, but also for more studies that analyze how Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism intraracially bind Afro-Latinos and African Americans.
Introduction
Authors: Woolner Cookie
Published: December 2024

The Famous Lady Lovers introduces readers to the vibrant worlds made by Black queer women in the Interwar era, and the important mark they made on American culture in this time. The book begins with the story of a southern migrant in Chicago who left her husband to be with a woman. This leads to a discussion of how ongoing historical events such as the Great Migration, Prohibition, and changing ideas of gender and sexuality helped create the circumstances through which Black lady lovers could find one another in northern cities. The introduction lays out the book’s aim and intervention along with an overview of the literature on Black women’s sexuality and intimate lives in historical scholarship on topics such as popular performance, sexology, respectability, and includes chapter overviews and a note on terminology.
Woman Slain in Queer Love Brawl
Authors: Woolner Cookie
Published: December 2024

The first chapter examines five cases covered in Black newspapers from New York and Chicago about violent acts between alleged Black lady lovers. These articles did the cultural work of introducing the concept of “the lesbian” to Black readers as an inherently criminal figure. The articles reveal that by the early 1920s, Black women gathered in their homes for holidays without men, and by the mid-1920s, the concept of lesbianism was becoming more familiar to mainstream America. While women’s independence was often championed by the 1920s, the Black press depicted lady lovers as criminal, aggressive, and unnatural, thereby making queer women further associated with negative qualities. Yet by reading these sources “against the grain,” they reveal the social networks Black queer women were forging in the urban North.
Beyond the Kitchen Table
Authors: McCutcheon Priscilla , Best Latrica E. , Rajack-Talley Theresa
Published: December 2024

This chapter introduces the edited volume and the three sections that comprise it. Book editors define intersectionality in detail, explaining why they and all contributors take this approach to exploring Black women’s contributions to agriculture, food, and health globally. The editors also describe the intentionality of having majority women of color contributors, all of whom identify the barriers that Black women face in accessing a safe and healthy food system, but also how Black women have fought against a lack of food access and food injustice at every scale. The first section “From the Fields,” brings forth how Black women across the globe use scientific knowledge to grow crops that feed their families and communities and improve their economies. In the second section, “Food and Social Justice,” authors highlight Black women’s historical contributions to building a just food system, and how Black feminist thought, or practices of mothering and othermothering continue to impact food justice work today. And finally in the last section, “Food Security, Health and Well-Being,” authors highlight the nuance in describing the relationship between Black women, food and health in different geographic contexts, and the importance of taking an intersectional approach.
Rural Women, Household Food Provisioning, and Dry-Season Groundwater Irrigation in Northern Ghana
Authors: Kwoyiga Lydia , Apusigah Agnes Atia
Published: December 2024

Women contribute between 60 and 80 percent of household food in some countries within Sub-Saharan Africa. They reside largely in rural communities and are subject to stresses that undermine their entitlements as food producers. In Ghana, efforts to address the challenges have resulted in alternatives that extend the production period from wet to dry season. This chapter examines the contributions of rural women to household food provision through dry-season groundwater irrigation. It focuses on (i) rural women’s roles as household food providers (ii) factors that drive such women to engage in an activity largely driven by men, (iii) ways by which such activity makes available food to the household directly and indirectly, (iv) benefits and challenges for these women and their household and finally (v) ways for mitigating change. It employs mixed methods and analysis techniques to argue that as household food providers women exercise their agency in navigating the many barriers they face.
From Farm to Kitchen
Authors: Sawadogo/Compaoré Eveline M. F. W. , Shiratori Sakiko
Published: December 2024

In Burkina Faso, agriculture employs over 90 percent of the workforce (FAO 2014), but despite efforts put in by the government, food insecurity remains critical in rural areas. Women play transformative roles in the food system: from farm production to direct consumption. This chapter centers on a study on the role of women in household food security in Burkina Faso. It aims at understanding the role and the power of African women regarding consumed food at the household level by documenting the patterns of how cowpea (considered a “women’s crop,”) is cooked and is now seen as the most promising food for nutritional improvement for Africans. A 24-hour recall was used to monitor and document food cooking and consumption in more than 200 households in two regions of Burkina Faso for 2 years. Information on demographics, dietary habits, and anthropometry was collected from both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results show that what is cooked, and the way food is cooked in households, is mainly the responsibility of women who have silently taken control of household food consumption and should therefore not be neglected in strategic planning for food security.
The Role of Women in Sustainable Agriculture in Three Global Regions
Authors: McCutcheon Gloria Sanders
Published: December 2024

Black women utilize a variety of methods to ensure a sustainable food system. These methods are oftentimes holistic, combining Black women’s knowledge of the natural and social world. One of these ways is by regulating pest insects with other naturally occurring beneficial insects such as tiny parasitic wasps on crops. This chapter investigates Black women’s roles in managing parasitic wasps in three world regions: the southern United States of America, the Caribbean (Cuba), and sub-Saharan Africa (Zimbabwe). It highlights the health and generational impact that Black women’s sustainable management of the parasitic wasp has on future generations as they pass on their management practices to their children. The role of Black women whether scientist or homemaker or farmer or economist, reveal commonalities that support the promotion of alternatives to chemical control as a method to improve health and the environment, and decrease costs in food crop production. The author also interrogates why and how her experiences as a Black female entomologist resulted in an unintentional ethnography where she found that Black women were ultimately the holders of agrarian knowledge in communities.
Fish Farming
Authors: Campo Kenia-Rosa , Isaac Wendy-Ann , Badrie Neela , Webb Marquitta
Published: December 2024

The underperformance of the agriculture industry in developing countries can be linked to gender inequalities including in the Caribbean country Trinidad and Tobago where socio-cultural norms curtail women producers’ access to productive resources, including education, land, technologies, information, financial services, and markets. At the same time, the country’s gender policy advances that differences based on sex should neither exist nor be exploited. It is within this context that this chapter argues for the need to design interventions that are more conducive to empowering and engaging women so that they can better the agricultural sector’s performance. It does this through a case study that investigates women’s empowerment in an aquaculture project located in the fishing village of Ortoire, Mayaro. Fish production is considered as one of the most effective tools to address poverty alleviation, food and nutrition insecurity, and empowering rural communities economically.
Making Spaces Something Like Freedom
Authors: Reese Ashanté M. , Cooper Dara
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores Black women’s leadership in food justice and food sovereignty movements; more specifically, the underlying political commitments that compel the way Black women lead movements, engage the earth and growing, and offer care work within their networks. In this essay, the authors first explore how Black women use Black feminism as a political and personal framework for their food justice efforts, particularly in terms of their leadership, relationship building, and stewardship of the earth. Secondly, they draw from Christina Sharpe’s notion of an ethic of care that emerges when attempting to make spaces of freedom to offer theoretical and methodological observations of how Black feminist thought and practice help us to re/see and re/imagine more equitable food systems.
Recipes for Resistance
Authors: Ford Claudia J.
Published: December 2024

This essay provides a critical historiography of the role that Black women have played in the food justice movement to further amplify voices that have been silenced in cooking spaces and food justice writing. As a part of telling this history, the author uses storytelling, including her own upbringing picking tomatoes in her grandmother’s Bronx Garden, to weave her way through an important historical analysis of Black women in food justice. These women include: famed New Orleans chef Leah Chase; the women of Rise and Root Farm; Barbara Norman, who owns a blueberry farm; and Edith Floyd, who established Growing Joy Community Gardens. The author’s goal is to move beyond the individual fight to improve a healthy lifestyle and position these Black women as fighting for community food justice. Moreover, these spaces are community healing spaces.
I Put Food on Everyone’s Table
Authors: Garth Hanna
Published: December 2024

Based on long-term ethnographic research, this chapter draws on three generations of Black women from a low-income family in Santiago de Cuba. The chapter details the women’s household labor to feed the family, paid domestic labor, cooking and cleaning in the homes of wealthier white Cubans, and entrepreneurial endeavors, such as raising pigs, and selling prepared food, as ways to generate income. The chapter analyzes the women’s experiences within a broader phenomenon of luchando la vida (struggling for life) as Cuban families continue to struggle to access food and maintain a decent quality of life as the socialist welfare state continues to falter in post-Soviet Cuba. This chapter demonstrates the various forms of labor that Black women engage in to ensure food security of the broader population and the health and nutrition of their own families. The chapter highlights the role of grandmothers, arguing that in addition to their role as matriarch and center of the family, Black grandmothers also teach the skills necessary for luchando la vida. Thus, their work is central to the alleviation and prevention of poverty, hunger, and malnutrition.
Tasting Freedom
Authors: Gomes Shelene
Published: December 2024

This chapter centers the food cultures of Caribbean Rastafari migrants and the multicultural and multireligious second generation in urban Ethiopia. Drawing upon rich mixed methods research in a multiethnic neighborhood in Shashamane, Ethiopia, this chapter examines the connections between food and work of Black Rastafari women who migrated to Ethiopia from Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. The chapter details the experiences of two Rastafari women in the establishing of their food beits (family restaurants or “family houses”) to highlight how establishing these food beits are a way for them to achieve autonomy, while still engaging in ital (natural or health) living and upholding Caribbean ideals of womanhood and motherhood. The chapter also explores Rastafari women’s reckoning with various aspects of food, from changing food tastes across generations, to adjustments in spices and ingredients, and the gendered distinctions of productive and reproductive work.
Exercising Agency, Navigating Marginalization, and Maintaining Silent Control in Global Food Systems
Authors: Rajack-Talley Theresa , Best Latrica E. , McCutcheon Priscilla
Published: December 2024

This final chapter synthesizes the chapters in each of the three sections and provides an analysis of how these chapters underscore the importance of Black women’s voices within global food systems. Often, Black women’s voices are silenced and relegated to the “kitchen table,” or domestic labor that is secondary to household economies. The chapters in this book, the editors denote, debunk this myth by highlighting the resilient and transformative nature in which Black women have asserted their agency into various aspects of global food systems. Black women’s agency is exhibited far beyond the “kitchen table” and is showcased within a variety of elements within food systems, from agricultural pursuits to entrepreneurial efforts and social justice activism. Black women’s cultural and food-related knowledge and decision making has lasting impacts on the wellbeing of themselves, their families, and their communities. The editors conclude by emphasizing the significance of examining the role of Black women in global food systems within activist, scholarly and policymaking spaces, particularly as it relates to societal issues, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Introduction
Authors: Dizon Mark
Published: December 2024

This chapter discusses the cross-cultural encounters between Indigenous communities and Spanish colonizers in the borderlands of Luzon. It contends that coincidences and overlaps in Spanish and Indigenous practices, particularly in their reciprocal mobilities, created the openings for their alliances and enmities. In line with a more mobile sense of history, the various borderland actors, including Spaniards, were fellow travelers who walked, visited, welcomed, and rejected each other all over the island. This introductory chapter uses a case study from the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries to give a brief historical background to the eighteenth-century mobilities and frictions tackled in greater detail in the rest of the book and to offer a quick glimpse of the book’s main themes and arguments.
Roads and Crossings
Authors: Dizon Mark
Published: December 2024

The analysis in this chapter combines the materiality and experience of everyday mobility with the changing social configuration of borderland communities. It explores how the two co-constructed each other. The chapter discusses Spanish plans to construct a road running directly from Manila to Cagayan to solve the problem of mobility in the island’s interior and shows how the process of opening the road was not a purely infrastructural or topographical issue. Negotiations with and the acquiescence of key communities along the route were crucial in the success of the project. Even though missionaries claimed ownership over the opening of the road, in the final analysis local communities generally determined who had access to the roads.
Setting Sail
Authors: Cothran Boyd , Shubert Adrian
Published: December 2024

The Prologue sets the scene and tone for the book by introducing readers to the work’s main character: the India-built British merchant vessel, the Edwin Fox. It then establishes the major themes of the work, explaining how it tells the story of globalization between the years 1850 and 1914 through the voyages of a single, work-a-day merchant vessel. It contends that a microhistorical approach to the history of globalization highlights the local and human agency at work and creates opportunities to explore the myriad complexities and the intimate and unexpected interconnections that really were the stuff of globalization. The Prologue also situates the work within the relevant historiography and provides a brief overview of the book’s structure.
Freight
Authors: Cothran Boyd , Shubert Adrian
Published: December 2024

The 1860s were a period of dramatic change both for the Edwin Fox and for the world. Steam-powered shipping was coming into its own as a truly globalizing force just in time to take full advantage of physical improvements to the world’s transportation infrastructure, chief among them the Suez Canal. At the same time, vital political agreements such as the Cobden–Chevalier Treaty deepened and solidified relations between Britain and its most important political and economic allies, setting the stage for the next forty years of increasing interconnectivity. This chapter explores this emerging world of steam-power of free trade by investigating the various commodities the ship carried including cotton, coffee, tea, and many others. It discusses how traditional wind-powered vessels such as the Edwin Fox had to adapt to this changing economic reality by changing their customary practices, their routes, and usual ports of call, and even their rigging.
Museum Ship
Authors: Cothran Boyd , Shubert Adrian
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the story of the Edwin Fox since it was abandoned in Shakespeare Bay in 1963. It was subsequently purchased for a nominal amount by a local heritage organization, and eventually towed to a purpose-built dry dock near the ferry terminal in Picton harbor. Initial plans to restore the vessel were abandoned and the decision was made to preserve it as it was. In 1990 it became the centerpiece of the Edwin Fox Ship and Visitor Centre and receives some 15,000 visitors each year, the vast majority of them from outside Aotearoa New Zealand. Even as a hulk, the ship continues to play a role in globalization, in this case as a modest component of one of the signature industries of contemporary globalization: tourism.
BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER’İN KIBRIS SORUNU BAĞLAMINDA YAPTIĞI PLANLAR
Authors: Karaca Erkin
Published: December 2024

Kıbrıs Sorunu, yarım yüzyılı aşkın bir süredir gerilim halinde olan, çeşitli devletlerin ve uluslararası örgütlerin girişimleriyle çözülmeye çalışılan ancak günümüzde dahi zaman zaman gündeme gelen uluslararası krizlerden biridir. Kıbrıs’ta yaşayan Kıbrıslı Türkler ve Rumların iki farklı din, dil ve ırka sahip olmaları, ülke içerisinde çatışmalara neden olmuştur. Türkiye ve Yunanistan’ın doğrudan müdahil oldukları bu sorun, zamanla daha şiddetli çatışmaları beraberinde getirmiş; iki devlet savaşın eşiğine gelmiştir. Bu durum, Batı’nın çıkarlarını tehlikeye sürüklediği için çatışmaların derhal sona ermesi adına ilk olarak Birleşmiş Milletler, Genel Kurul ve Güvenlik Konseyi gibi iki önemli organıyla girişimlerde bulunmuştur. Örgüt, Barış Gücü’nün yanı sıra halen bir dizi karar, plan ve müzakereyi organize etmeye devam etmektedir. Çeşitli kitap, dergi, makale ve resmi raporlardan yararlanılan bu çalışmada, betimsel analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda hipotez, BM’nin Kıbrıs sorununu çözme girişimleri arasında başarısızlıkla sonuçlanan Annan Planı’nın çözüme ilişkin etkili bir müdahale olduğu yönündedir.
ACI LİMONLAR, KIBRIS 1956 ESERİNİN TARİHSEL ELEŞTİRİSİ
Authors: Arpacı Elif
Published: December 2024

Durrell’in Kıbrıs’ın Acı Limonları adlı eseri, tarihsel eleştiri yöntemi ile ele alındığında, eserde, dönemin İngiltere’sinin inşa etmeye çalıştığı Kıbrıs kimliği ve takip ettiği Kıbrıs politikası açık bir şekilde gözler önüne serilmekte; İngiltere’nin azınlık olarak önemsemediği Türk kimliğinin enosis sonrası önem kazandığı ve Türklerin siyasi haklar konusunda İngilizler tarafından desteklenmeye başladığı açıkça anlaşılmaktadır. Bu anlamda Durrell’in bu eseri salt bir edebiyat eseri olarak değil aynı zamanda döneme ışık tutan bir “not defteri” şeklinde ele alınırsa, yazarın estetik bağlamda ifade ettiği öznel fikir ve gözlemleri de dahil olmak üzere, 1950’li yıllarda İngiltere’nin Kıbrıs politikası, Rum ve Türk toplumlarına bakış açısı dahilinde, net bir şekilde anlaşılabilir.
İngiltere’nin Doğu Akdeniz politikası bağlamında Kıbrıs’ın İngiltere açısından önem kazanması sonucu İngiliz hükümeti enosis’e karşı çıkmış; enosis’in Rumlarca desteklenmeye başlaması ve EOKA’nın aktifleşmesi ile birlikte, Kıbrıs’ta yaşayan Türklerin TAKSİM hareketini destekleyerek Kıbrıs’ın Yunanistan ile birleşme fikrini engellemek istemiştir. 1953-56 yılları arasında Kıbrıs’ta bulunan Durrell’in burada yaşadıklarını hem sanatçı hem de devlet görevlisi kimliği dahilinde daha sonra kitaplaştırarak sunması, İngiltere’nin Kıbrıs politikası ve süreç içinde yaşanan gelişmeleri halkın gözüyle takip etmek açısından yararlı olmuş, yazarın hem köy hem de şehir hayatını ve insanlarını aynı anda gözlemleyerek ulaştığı fikirler, doğrudan analiz yöntemlerinin eksik kaldığı noktaları tamamlayarak, Kıbrıs’ın duygu durumuna ait psikolojik faktörlerin daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlamış; Kıbrıs Rumlarının ve Kıbrıs Türklerinin tercihlerini yönlendiren faktörleri açıkça ortaya koymuştur.
BARREIRAS FINANCEIRAS: AS ALTAS CUSTAS PROCESSUAIS E O ACESSO À JUSTIÇA NA BAHIA
Authors: Silva Ahatma Conceição Costa , Santos Dartagnan Plinio Souza
Published: December 2024

Este artigo discorre sobre a dificuldade de acesso à justiça no Estado da Bahia por altas custas processuais. Seu objetivo é analisar e destacar os desafios enfrentados pelos cidadãos baianos para acessar o sistema judiciário, especialmente aqueles com recursos financeiros limitados. O artigo busca investigar como as custas processuais elevadas podem representar uma barreira significativa para o acesso à justiça e como isso pode afetar a efetividade do sistema judicial como um todo. Este artigo foi elaborado a partir de estudos bibliográfico, consultando a Constituição Federal de 1988, Código de Direito Civil, Código de Processo Civil e também doutrinadores e juristas da área. Foi utilizada a metodologia qualitativa, e acompanhamento do orientador, desenvolvendo o projeto em etapas, que foram: fontes, coleta de dados (artigos sobre o tema, legislação, doutrinadores), interpretação das coletas de dados, discussão sobre o tema e resultados e aspectos éticos. Este artigo busca analisar os impactos e consequências das altas custas processuais na Bahia, incluindo fatores econômicos, estruturais e legais, exame dos impactos das altas custas processuais na capacidade das pessoas de buscar e obter justiça, avaliação dos grupos sociais mais afetados pelas altas custas processuais e suas consequências, como desigualdades socioeconômicas e falta de acesso a recursos legais, investigação das iniciativas existentes para mitigar as altas custas processuais na Bahia, como programas de assistência jurídica, isenções de taxas e reformas legislativas.
A REALIDADE DO ENFERMEIRO NO CUIDADO PALIATIVO EM ONCOLOGIA PEDIÁTRICA
Authors: Miranda Vitória Torquato Silva , Rodrigues Daniel Mota de Araújo , Azevedo Ayla Yagnes Del Rei , Neves Keila do Carmo
Published: December 2024

Esse artigo buscou compreender a atuação do enfermeiro nos cuidados paliativos pediátricos oncológicos, identificar suas atribuições e os desafios enfrentados nesse contexto. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada em publicações científicas disponíveis nas bases de dados BVS, SciELO e INCA. Foram incluídos artigos completos, publicados entre 2019 e agosto de 2024, e excluídas literaturas repetidas ou de profissionais sem experiência na área. Foi evidenciado que enfermeiros desempenham papel crucial na assistência holística, promovendo conforto e qualidade de vida. Todavia, sem uma formação específica e atualizada, muitos profissionais se sentem despreparados e vulneráveis, o que interfere na sua capacidade de proporcionar um cuidado integral e compassivo. Conclui-se que a formação acadêmica ainda carece de aprofundamento em cuidados paliativos pediátricos, destacando a necessidade de estratégias educacionais que desenvolvam competências técnicas e emocionais. A atuação qualificada do enfermeiro contribui significativamente para o bem-estar de pacientes e familiares, ressaltando a importância da humanização do cuidado.
Impact of Sampling Frequency on Low-Cost PM Sensor Performance
Authors: Kumar Gulshan , Kumar D. Prasannaa , Raj Saran , Dhariwal Jay , Srirangarajan Seshan
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Low-cost sensors for particulate matter (PM) monitoring have gained popularity due to their affordability, compact size, and low power requirements. These sensors typically offer the capability to collect data at sampling rates that can be adjusted according to the application. However, the effect of varying the sampling frequency on sensor performance has not been thoroughly examined. This study explores how variations in sampling frequency influence the performance of low-cost PM sensors and identifies some possible use cases for different sampling rates. During this study conducted over a one-month period, data from five SPS30 sensors was collected at 15-second intervals and then aggregated into 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60-minute intervals. During the study, hourly PM2.5 levels ranged from 117 µg/m3 to 303.3 µg/m3, with significant diurnal variations, influenced by temperature and humidity. It was found that changes in sampling frequency had minimal impact on sensor performance, as evidenced by comparable linearity and error metrics across different sampling intervals. However, the study also revealed that short-lived plume events could be missed at lower sampling frequencies. This suggests that for monitoring gradual changes in PM2.5 levels, higher sampling frequencies do not necessarily improve measurement accuracy, but are crucial for capturing transient events. This study underscores the importance of optimizing sampling frequency based on specific monitoring objectives and the need to balance power consumption with data resolution, particularly in remote or battery-based deployments.
Hemispheric differences in ozone across the stratosphere-troposphere exchange region
Authors: Seguel Rodrigo J. , Opazo Charlie , Cohen Yann , Cooper Owen R. , Gallardo Laura , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Obersteiner Florian , Zahn Andreas , Hoor Peter , Rohs Susanne
Published: December 2024

Abstract. This study examined the ozone mixing ratios in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS) to determine whether the ozone levels in the lowermost stratosphere are lower in the Southern (SH) than in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), as suggested by total column ozone observations. We utilized unique in situ measurements from the High Altitude and Long Range research aircraft deployed over the southernmost region of South America (45–60° S) in September–November 2019 as a part of the Southern Hemisphere Transport, Dynamics, and Chemistry (SouthTRAC) research campaign. In addition, the mission period enabled us to examine the impact of an early stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event, which triggered a breakdown of the southern polar vortex in September 2019. In situ measurements from IAGOS commercial aircraft (45–60° N), ozonesondes (Patagonia) and CAMS reanalysis data were considered for comparative analysis. Stratospheric air was identified using relative humidity (<20 %) and carbon monoxide (<50 nmol mol-1) thresholds. Our results show that air masses of stratospheric origin had higher ozone abundances in the NH UTLS than in the SH (between 300–200 hPa and 45–60° latitude). In high ozone depletion years in the stratospheric vortex, the SH ozone median (170 nmol mol-1) was only 51 % of that in the NH (330 nmol mol-1), while in low depletion years, SH ozone median (210 nmol mol-1) reached 57 % of the NH values (370 nmol mol-1). The SSW event increased SH UTLS by 37 % (46 nmol mol-1) during the SouthTRAC mission compared to high depletion years.
Geostrophic circulation and tidal effects in the Gulf of Gabès
Authors: Bouzaiene Maher , Guarnieri Antonio , Delrosso Damiano , Dilmahamod Ahmad F. , Simoncelli Simona , Fratianni Claudia
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The mean kinematic features in the Gulf of Gabès region is analyzed based on 30 years of altimetry data (1993–2022) and the outputs of a high resolution ocean model for the year 2022. A comparison of the seasonal variability in three different geographical areas within the gulf is presented. In the northern and southern parts of the gulf, anticyclonic structures prevail, while the central area is dominated by divergence. Similarity in the flow topology is found in these three areas of the gulf due to the signature of hyperbolic regions. In winter and fall, the mean flow is oriented northward while it is reversed in spring and summer. The tidal perturbation influences sea level, kinetic energy and hyperbolic geostrophic structures, leading to the generation of a cyclonic current located in the central part of the gulf and to the presence of persistent strain gradients amplifying hyperbolic structures. The Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent (FTLE) computed using altimetry data highlights the link between physical and biogeochemical processes, with the Gulf of Gabès mean circulation features acting as transport barriers for phytoplankton dispersion.
HighResClimNevada: a high-resolution climatological dataset for a high-altitude region in Southern Spain (Sierra Nevada)
Authors: García-Valdecasas Ojeda Matilde , Solano-Farias Feliciano , Donaire-Montaño David , Romero-Jiménez Emilio , Rosa-Cánovas Juan José , Castro-Díez Yolanda , Gámiz-Fortis Sonia Raquel , Esteban-Parra María Jesús
Published: December 2024

Abstract. High spatiotemporal climate datasets are essential to assess the impacts of climate change in high mountains, where the climate is highly variable. However, these regions are characterized by a lack of climatic information, and if any, it is usually short, sparse, or incomplete. This work presents a new series of very high-resolution (1 km) gridded climate datasets for Sierra Nevada (SN), a mountain range classified as a double climate-change hotspot, as it is a semi-arid mountain range in the Mediterranean area that is particularly vulnerable to climate change. The database, called HighResClimNevada, consists of a set of climate data derived from a climate simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model for the period from 1991 to 2022 and forced with the ERA5 reanalysis. HighResClimNevada provides hourly/daily primary climate variables (i.e., near-surface temperature, precipitation, near-surface relative humidity, surface pressure, surface net radiation, and wind speed), but also bioclimatic variables, extremes indices from the Expert Team of Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), and precipitation-hour indicators, which were postprocessed using aggregated temperature and precipitation values from primary climate variables. To evaluate the database performance, HighResClimNevada temperature and precipitation values were compared with reference datasets from different sources. In general, HighResClimNevada captures reasonably well the spatiotemporal variability of raw temperature but also bioclimatic variables and extreme indices in SN. It displays comparable behavior to other climatic products but with a greater level of detail due to its higher spatial resolution. For precipitation, variable, more uncertain and difficult to characterize, HighResClimNevada exhibits a higher amount of precipitation when compared to station-based, coarse satellite-based, and reanalysis-based products. However, these latter present problems in characterizing precipitation in high mountain regions due to the scarcity of data in areas with high spatiotemporal variability, such as SN. The precipitation from HighResClimNevada is comparable to other climatic products like CHIRPS or CERRA-Land, which captures better the spatiotemporal variability in this region. These findings, therefore, suggest HighResClimNevada as a valuable long-term climate tool for a variety of applications, including land management, hydrometeorological research, flora and fauna phenology, and risk assessment. The reported datasets are freely available for download via Zenodo platform (García-Valdecasas Ojeda et al., 2024, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14052394).
Impacts of CICE sea ice model and ERA atmosphere on an Antarctic MetROMS ocean model, MetROMS-UHel-v1.0
Authors: Äijälä Cecilia , Nie Yafei , Gutiérrez-Loza Lucía , De Falco Chiara , Lauvset Siv Kari , Cheng Bin , Bailey David A. , Uotila Petteri
Published: December 2024

Abstract. In recent years, the Antarctic sea ice has experienced major changes, which are neither well understood nor adequately reproduced by earth system models. To support model development with an aim to improve Antarctic sea ice and upper ocean predictions, the impacts of updating the sea ice model and the atmospheric forcing are investigated. In the new MetROMS-UHel-v1.0 (henceforth MetROMS-UHel) ocean-sea ice model, the sea ice component has been updated from CICE5 to CICE6, and the forcing has been updated from ERA-Interim to ERA5 reanalyses. Both CICE sea ice models were coupled with the regional ROMS ocean model. We find that the update of CICE and ERA reduced the negative bias of the sea ice area in summer. However, the sea ice volume decreases after the CICE update but increase when the atmospheric forcing is updated. As a net result after both updates, the modelled sea ice becomes thinner and more deformed, particularly near the coast. The ROMS ocean model usually yielded a deeper ocean mix layer compared to observations. Using ERA5, the situation was slightly improved. The update from CICE5 to CICE6 resulted in a fresher coastal ocean due to a smaller salt flux from sea ice to the ocean. In the ice shelf cavities, the modelled melt rates are underestimated compared with observations, which could be attributed to missing tides and inadequate model resolution. These identified sea ice and oceanic changes vary seasonally and regionally. By determining sea ice and oceanic changes after the model and forcing updates, and evaluating them against observations, this study informs modellers on improvements and aspects requiring attention with potential model adjustments.
CDGS: Confidence-Aware Depth Regularization for 3D Gaussian Splatting
Authors: Zhang Qilin , Wysocki Olaf , Urban Steffen , Jutzi Boris
Published: December 2024

Abstract. 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has shown significant advantages in novel view synthesis (NVS), particularly in achieving high rendering speeds and high-quality results. However, its geometric accuracy in 3D reconstruction remains limited due to the lack of explicit geometric constraints during optimization. This paper introduces CDGS, a confidence-aware depth regularization approach developed to enhance 3DGS. We leverage multi-cue confidence map of monocular depth estimation and sparse Structure-from-Motion (SfM) depth to adaptively adjusts depth supervision during the optimization process. Our method demonstrates improved geometric detail preservation in early training stages and achieves competitive performance in both NVS quality and geometric accuracy. Experiments on the public available Tanks and Temples benchmark dataset show that our method achieves more stable convergence behavior and more accurate geometric reconstruction results, with improvements of up to 2.31 dB in PSNR for NVS and consistently lower geometric errors in M3C2 distance metrics. Notably, our method reaches comparable F-scores to the original 3DGS with only 50% of the training iterations. We expect this work will facilitate the development of efficient and accurate 3D reconstruction systems for real-world applications such as digital twin creation, heritage preservation, or forestry applications.
La elección del obispo en la Edad Media (590-1123)
Authors: Calvo Gómez José Antonio
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo de investigación histórica trata de interpretar la evolución de la disciplina sobre la elección del obispo desde el pontificado de Gregorio Magno (590-604) hasta el primer concilio de Letrán, en 1123. La Iglesia primitiva, según la tradición, estableció ciertas condiciones para la designación del nuevo pastor que, al final de la Antigüedad, quedaron parcialmente alteradas. La intervención del clero y el pueblo de la Iglesia local, en presencia o con la anuencia del metropolitano, daba paso habitualmente a la ordenación episcopal a manos de los obispos circunvecinos. La ascendencia de los príncipes durante la Alta Edad Media hizo que esta libertad, que la comunidad eclesial había manifestado durante siglos, quedara menoscabada en función de intereses espurios. La Iglesia reivindicó su libertad, jurisdicción y protagonismo en un proceso que trató de restablecer y consolidar, no sin resistencia señorial, desde mediados del siglo XII.
La elección de Matías (Hch 1, 15-26)
Authors: Guijarro Oporto Santiago
Published: December 2024

Los primeros cristianos recurrieron a procesos conocidos en su entorno para elegir y designar a los ministros que presidían y gobernaban sus comunidades. El libro de los Hechos describe con detalle uno de estos procesos al narrar la elección de Matías (Hch 1, 15-26). Partiendo de un análisis detallado de este pasaje, el presente estudio se propone un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, trata de identificar las diversas fases de dicho proceso, que también aparece en la elección de los Siete (Hch 6, 1-6). En segundo lugar, se pregunta quienes intervienen en él y qué funciones desempeñan. El modelo que proponen estos textos para la elección de los ministros puede ser una referencia para repensar el proceso de elección de los obispos hoy en clave sinodal.
Teologia dell’episcopato ed elezione
Authors: Castellucci Erio
Published: December 2024

Dalla teologia dell’episcopato dipendono anche i criteri per l’elezione dei Vescovi. Il Concilio Vaticano II ha superato l’impostazione precedente, nella quale i Vescovi erano considerati all’incirca come ambasciatori del Papa, per affermare la collegialità episcopale, la sacramentalità dell’ordinazione e il carattere ministeriale del primo grado dell’Ordine. I Vescovi sono “servi” della Parola e della Chiesa. La prassi attuale in Occidente non sembra avere ancora integrato in maniera adeguata questa rinnovata visione, perché l’elezione dei Vescovi avviene ancora in gran parte sulla base delle informazioni mirate raccolte dalla Nunziatura; come chiedono anche i documenti del Sinodo dei Vescovi in corso, una prassi sinodale comporta la consultazione del popolo di Dio: non sui nomi dei candidati, ma sulle caratteristiche loro richieste per quella specifica Chiesa particolare
La Iglesia local y la elección de sus obispos
Authors: Luciani Rafael , Noceti Serena
Published: December 2024

En los primeros siglos del cristianismo la Iglesia local precedía al obispo y no a la inversa. El proceso de elección del obispo involucraba a toda la comunidad. La localidad territorial era, no sólo constitutiva de la forma y figura de la Iglesia, sino también teológicamente configuradora de la identidad y el ejercicio del ministerio episcopal. En el segundo milenio este modelo se quebró, dando paso a una visión universalista de la configuración eclesial, que iba de la mano de una teología sacral del ministerio ordenado. Los procesos decisionales en la elección de los obispos reflejan y articulan una eclesiología, un modo de ser y hacer Iglesia. El redescubrimiento de la eclesiología de las Iglesias locales y la maduración de teología del sensus fidei fidelium permiten repensar los procesos de elección episcopal. En este artículo ofrecemos algunas reflexiones, de carácter eclesiológico, que pueden contribuir a avanzar en esta reflexión.
Development of Plastic Shredder Technology to Support Plastic Waste Reduction
Authors: Harjuma Harjuma , Tahir Abdul , Sirama Sirama , Aswar Aswar
Published: December 2024

The plastic waste problem in Indonesia has reached a severe level. Data from the National Waste Management Information System shows that Indonesia produces around 17 million tons of plastic waste yearly. However, only approximately 66.47% of this plastic waste undergoes recycling, with the remainder ending up in landfills or polluting the sea. This condition places Indonesia in second place in the world after China in terms of the amount of plastic waste produced, making it a country with a plastic waste emergency. This article discusses the development of plastic recycling machine technology as a solution to overcome the plastic waste problem in Indonesia. With a production of around 17 million tons of plastic waste per year, Indonesia faces significant challenges in plastic waste management. Low efficiency often constrains the effectiveness of plastic recycling as a solution. Therefore, this study aims to design and improve the efficiency of a plastic shredder machine. This machine uses specially designed rotating blade technology to produce high-precision plastic flakes. Additionally, we have updated the transmission system to reduce vibration and implemented other innovations to enhance the machine's capacity to shred various types of plastic. We expect this machine to decrease greenhouse gas emissions from the recycling process and lower operational costs. This study shows that the developed plastic shredder machine can work effectively and efficiently, meeting the research objectives of producing plastic flakes quickly. Thus, we expect this machine to significantly reduce plastic waste in Indonesia and support environmental conservation efforts.
Effect of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxide on the Hydration Characteristics and Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar with High Volume Fly Ash
Authors: Maizuar Maizuar , Maulani Emi , Usrina Nura , Ersa Nanda Savira , Sofyan Sofyan , Mahmudy Ash Shiddiq , Prasetia Gigih
Published: December 2024

High-volume fly ash (HFVA) in cement mortar has gained attention due to its potential to reduce environmental impact and enhance sustainability. However, HVFA mortar often exhibits reduced initial compressive strength compared to conventional mortars. Incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT) and Graphene oxide (GO) has been shown to enhance the mechanical properties and microstructure of the mortar, which can overcome the shortcomings of HVFA. This study investigates the effect of CNT and GO on compressive strength and cement hydration of HVFA mortar. This study used fly ash as a 60% cement replacement, with 0.01% CNT and GO contents of 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, and 0.05%. Compressive strength tests were performed at 3, 7, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that adding CNT and GO improved the compressive strength by 15.4% over the control mortar at 0.01% CNT and 0.03% GO. Most importantly, incorporating CNT and GO mitigated the typical reduction in initial compressive strength, with around a 15% increase observed at 3 and 7 days compared to the control mortar. The cement hydration characteristics were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed the presence of various crystallization phases, including calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), calcium aluminate silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), quartz, portlandite, calcium carbonate, and ettringite. Adding CNT and GO to HVFA mortar significantly enhances its mechanical properties. It promotes the formation of complete chemical bonds in the cement hydration process, improving the mortar's overall performance.
Analysis of the Choice of Transportation Modes from Lhokseumawe City to Medan City Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method
Authors: Afdal Muhammad , Ridwan Teuku Muhammad , Malasyi Syibral , Savira Ersa Nanda , Burhanuddin Burhanuddin , Fadhliani Fadhliani , Chandra Yovi
Published: December 2024

Inter-provincial movement activities from Lhokseumawe to Medan are busy travel routes because land routes connect many cities. Minibusses and buses serve transportation needs across these cities. Travelers choose minibusses because of their convenience, fast travel time, and comfort. The bus mode also offers smooth and comfortable travel, making it a popular choice among travelers on the Lhokseumawe to Medan route. This research aims to determine the characteristics and percentage of transportation mode choices by travelers. The approach used is the analytical hierarchy process method. The results of the analysis showed that the percentage of travelers interested in choosing a particular mode resulted in 42% of passengers choosing the Hiace Minibus, 24% selecting the Sempati Star Bus, 20% choosing the Putra Pelangi Bus, and 14% selecting the Kurnia Bus. The criteria that influence the choice of transportation mode are convenience with a percentage of 22%, time with a percentage of 19%, comfort with a percentage of 16%, cost with a percentage of 15%, headway and safety with a percentage of 14%.