bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mujer joven, cuerpo y configuración de sujetas políticas
Authors: González Osorio Adriana , Puentes Ávila Gloria Edith , Ordóñez Linares María Cristina
Published: May 2024

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una reflexión en torno a la manera como mujeres jóvenes vivencian su condición de género mujer y el derecho a la participación política. El artículo se construye con base en los hallazgos de la investigación “Subjetividades de mujeres jóvenes escolarizadas en torno a su condición de género y participación política”, realizada para optar al título de Magíster en Desarrollo Educativo y Social. El enfoque de la investigación es cualitativo, de tipo hermenéutico. Las técnicas utilizadas para recolectar información fueron los grupos de discusión y una técnica proyectiva. El análisis de la información se realizó mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido, la cual provee las herramientas necesarias para acercarse a la comprensión de los relatos brindados por las jóvenes. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se encuentra que las mujeres jóvenes sienten que viven en una sociedad conformista, que las convierte en personas sumisas, acomodadas, sin autorespeto. Igualmente, en las subjetividades de las mujeres jóvenes se percibe una apropiación inicial del discurso de género y, aunque aún no lo explican conceptualmente, afirman cómo hoy la sociedad avanza hacia una lectura diferente en esta dirección. De igual manera emerge el elemento del cuerpo como un territorio que se debate entre contradicciones, que van configurado un nuevo ser.

ò Bajo la perspectiva del enfoque de género, el lenguaje cobra fuerza en tanto permite la afirmación de la identidad que configura la joven mediante su actuación en el mundo, las palabras son un medio que reafirma o niega su pertenencia al género femenino. Al descubrir y apropiarse de nuevas maneras de ser nombradas, las mujeres jóvenes abren caminos para superar expresiones sexistas que resultan discriminatorias e impiden hacer uso de un discurso femenino, aún no tan aceptado culturalmente. Es así como en lo corrido del documento haremos uso de la palabra "sujeta" como una manera de recuperar el sentido de lo femenino, elemento clave de esta investigación. Cabe aclarar que para la Real Academia de la Lengua Española el término sujeto es considerado un sustantivo epiceno, es decir, que posee un solo género gramatical lo cual le permite ser masculino o femenino. Sin embargo hemos querido resistir a esta imposición permitiéndonos nombrarlas en femenino.
Percepciones de los adolescentes sobre la policía: reconociendo prejuicios raciales y de género
Authors: Piccirillo Debora
Published: May 2024

(analítico)Este estudio explora la importancia de las normas de género y la dinámica racial para comprender las interacciones con la policía. A través de entrevistas en profundidad con 9 adolescentes brasileños de 16 años, analizamos cómo las expectativas de género influyen en las percepciones negativas de las adolescentes sobre la policía, a pesar de su limitada experiencia con esta institución. Nuestros hallazgos revelan la compleja interacción entre las percepciones idealizadas de la policía y las realidades de la conducta policial, caracterizada por la violencia, el racismo y el sexismo. El estudio demuestra que las experiencias indirectas también son momentos de enseñanza, ya que evidencian la diferencia en el trato policial en los encuentros con jóvenes racializados. Las discusiones tienen implicaciones para las políticas públicas centradas en relaciones más justas entre la policía y la comunidad.
Artes visuales negras sobre la violencia policial contra niñez y jóvenes negros
Authors: Silva Freitas Matheus , Neves da Silva Natalino
Published: May 2024

(analytical)Police violence is one of the main reasons for sustaining raciality in brazilian society, victimizing black children and youth, therefore it is urgent to understand the social representations and elaborations of such experiences. Thus, we seek to analyze visual artistic productions, created by black artists, which express racialized experiences of black children and young people with policing in Brazil. Six works were analyzed, authored by No Martins, Sidney Amaral and Jota, produced between 2014 and 2021. The results indicate that these works problematize questions about the racial dimensions of policing and its regimes of surveillance, control and violence. These are visual artistic creations that, by bringing together aesthetic, ethical and social aspects, indicate the tensions between black childhoods and youths and public security, articulated by subjection, resistance, death and life.
Um narrador pretensamente paterno: Capão Pecado
Authors: Moura Henrique
Published: May 2024

Este artigo busca refletir, sob a perspectiva hermenêutica, o romance Capão Pecado, de Ferréz, objetivando apontar as contradições e duplicidades narrativas realizadas pelo narrador. Esta análise baseia-se na concepção de “narrador”, segundo Arrigucci Jr (1998), “violência”, de acordo com Chaui (2017) e nas reflexões de Kehl (1999) sobre as escolhas linguísticas do grupo Racionais Mc’s.
Práticas inespecíficas e pós-autônomas em Sombrio Ermo Turvo
Authors: Sales Paulo Alberto da Silva
Published: May 2024

Busca-se, neste artigo, entender o regime de leitura que implica no abandono das categorias tradicionais de análise e da noção de valor literário, mais conhecido como pós-autonomia, na escrita de Veronica Stigger, em sua última obra Sombrio Ermo Turvo (2019). Por meio de textos inespecíficos que exibem intensa porosidade de fronteiras, verificam-se “frutos estranhos” que não pertencem a um meio específico e nem se reconhecem enquanto espécie.
De-Romanticizing the Amazon: uma entrevista com Jaider Esbell
Authors: Marques Daiane , Marques Delcides
Published: May 2024

Nesta entrevista inédita, realizada em 2017, Jaider Esbell conta sua trajetória de vida, bem como aborda a sua relação com a arte e questões centrais da sustentabilidade, da preservação da Amazônia e dos impactos da ação humana em busca do “progresso”. Durante três anos, o artista passou por diversas regiões do país e no exterior fazendo uma itinerância com a mostra denominada It was Amazon / Era uma vez Amazônia, onde apresentava 16 desenhos em preto e branco. O projeto não era patrocinado e seus custos foram mantidos com a venda de suas obras e a ajuda de voluntários. Ele tratou de diálogos amplos que buscavam somar a resistências e sinalizar a urgência de uma nova política com os povos indígenas e seus saberes. No campo das artes, Esbell apresentou suas concepções e lutas para romper com as fronteiras do desconhecimento sobre os povos originários no pensamento da atualidade brasileira e do mundo. Foi durante essa estadia que a entrevista foi realizada.
β-Aminopropionitrile Induces Distinct Pathologies in the Ascending and Descending Thoracic Aortic Regions of Mice
Authors: Franklin Michael K. , Sawada Hisashi , Ito Sohei , Howatt Deborah A. , Amioka Naofumi , Liang Ching-Ling , Zhang Nancy , Graf David B. , Moorleghen Jessica J. , Katsumata Yuriko , Lu Hong S. , Daugherty Alan
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a pharmacological inhibitor of LOX (lysyl oxidase) and LOXLs (LOX-like proteins). Administration of BAPN promotes aortopathies, although there is a paucity of data on experimental conditions to generate pathology. The objective of this study was to define experimental parameters and determine whether equivalent or variable aortopathies were generated throughout the aortic tree during BAPN administration in mice.

METHODS:

BAPN was administered in drinking water for a period ranging from 1 to 12 weeks. The impacts of BAPN were first assessed with regard to BAPN dose, and mouse strain, age, and sex. BAPN-induced aortic pathological characterization was conducted using histology and immunostaining. To investigate the mechanistic basis of regional heterogeneity, the ascending and descending thoracic aortas were harvested after 1 week of BAPN administration before the appearance of overt pathology.

RESULTS:

BAPN-induced aortic rupture predominantly occurred or originated in the descending thoracic aorta in young C57BL/6J or N mice. No apparent differences were found between male and female mice. For mice surviving 12 weeks of BAPN administration, profound dilatation was consistently observed in the ascending region, while there were more heterogeneous changes in the descending thoracic region. Pathological features were distinct between the ascending and descending thoracic regions. Aortic pathology in the ascending region was characterized by luminal dilatation and elastic fiber disruption throughout the media. The descending thoracic region frequently had dissections with false lumen formation, collagen deposition, and remodeling of the wall surrounding the false lumen. Cells surrounding the false lumen were predominantly positive for α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin). One week of BAPN administration compromised contractile properties in both regions equivalently, and RNA sequencing did not show obvious differences between the 2 aortic regions in smooth muscle cell markers, cell proliferation markers, and extracellular components.

CONCLUSIONS:

BAPN-induced pathologies show distinct, heterogeneous features within and between ascending and descending aortic regions in mice.
Cardiac and Renal Comorbidities in Aging People Living With HIV
Authors: McCutcheon Keir , Nqebelele Unati , Murray Lyle , Thomas Teressa Sumy , Mpanya Dineo , Tsabedze Nqoba
Published: May 2024

Contemporary World Health Organization data indicates that ≈39 million people are living with the human immunodeficiency virus. Of these, 24 million have been reported to have successfully accessed combination antiretroviral therapy. In 1996, the World Health Organization endorsed the widespread use of combination antiretroviral therapy, transforming human immunodeficiency virus infection from being a life-threatening disease to a chronic illness characterized by multiple comorbidities. The increased access to combination antiretroviral therapy has translated to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) no longer having a reduced life expectancy. Although aging as a biological process increases exposure to oxidative stress and subsequent systemic inflammation, this effect is likely enhanced in PLWH as they age. This narrative review engages the intricate interplay between human immunodeficiency virus associated chronic inflammation, combination antiretroviral therapy, and cardiac and renal comorbidities development in aging PLWH. We examine the evolving demographic profile of PLWH, emphasizing the increasing prevalence of aging individuals within this population. A central focus of the review discusses the pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin the heightened susceptibility of PLWH to renal and cardiac diseases as they age.
International Criteria for Reporting Study Quality for Sudden Cardiac Arrest/Death Tool
Authors: Edwards Jamie J. , Compton Claire , Chatrath Nikhil , Petek Bradley J. , Baggish Aaron , Börjesson Mats , Chung Eugene , Corrado Domenico , Drezner Jonathan A. , Gati Sabiha , Gray Belinda , Kim Jonathan , La Gerche Andre , Malhotra Aneil , Marijon Eloi , Papadakis Michael , Pelliccia Antonio , Phelan Dermot , Semsarian Chris , Sharma Sanjay , Sharma Rajan , O'Driscoll Jamie M. , Harmon Kimberly G.
Published: May 2024

Background

Studies reporting on the incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and/or death (SCA/D) in athletes commonly lack methodological and reporting rigor, which has implications for screening and preventative policy in sport. To date, there are no tools designed for assessing study quality in studies investigating the incidence of SCA/D in athletes.

Methods and Results

The International Criteria for Reporting Study Quality for Sudden Cardiac Arrest/Death tool (IQ‐SCA/D) was developed following a Delphi process. Sixteen international experts in sports cardiology were identified and invited. Experts voted on each domain with subsequent moderated discussion for successive rounds until consensus was reached for a final tool. Interobserver agreement between a novice, intermediate, and expert observer was then assessed from the scoring of 22 relevant studies using weighted and unweighted κ analyses. The final IQ‐SCA/D tool comprises 8 domains with a summated score of a possible 22. Studies are categorized as low, intermediate, and high quality with summated IQ‐SCA/D scores of ≤11, 12 to 16, and ≥17, respectively. Interrater agreement was “substantial” between all 3 observers for summated IQ‐SCA/D scores and study categorization.

Conclusions

The IQ‐SCA/D is an expert consensus tool for assessing the study quality of research reporting the incidence of SCA/D in athletes. This tool may be used to assist researchers, reviewers, journal editors, and readers in contextualizing the methodological quality of different studies with varying athlete SCA/D incidence estimates. Importantly, the IQ‐SCA/D also provides an expert‐informed framework to support and guide appropriate design and reporting practices in future SCA/D incidence trials.
Anonymous Gamete Donation: a Case for Balancing Under Article 8 ECHR
Authors: Valc Jakub
Published: May 2024

Anonymous gamete donation creates a specific conflict between human rights and public interests under Article 8 of the ECHR. This was first assessed in the ECtHR’s landmark decision in Gauvin-Fournis and Silliau v. France of 7 September 2023. This article critically analyses this judgment, taking into account the European legal framework for anonymous gamete donation, the recommendations of the competent authorities and the previous case law of the ECtHR on the right to know one’s biological origin as an integral part of one’s identity that is protected under the right to private and family life.
A Quantile-Conserving Ensemble Filter Framework. Part III: Data Assimilation for Mixed Distributions with Application to a Low-Order Tracer Advection Model
Authors: Anderson Jeffrey , Riedel Chris , Wieringa Molly , Ishraque Fairuz , Smith Marlee , Kershaw Helen
Published: May 2024

The uncertainty associated with many observed and modeled quantities of interest in Earth system prediction can be represented by mixed probability distributions that are neither discrete nor continuous. For instance, a forecast probability of precipitation can have a finite probability of zero precipitation, consistent with a discrete distribution. However, nonzero values are not discrete and are represented by a continuous distribution; the same is true for rainfall rate. Other examples include snow depth, sea ice concentration, the amount of a tracer, or the source rate of a tracer. Some Earth system model parameters may also have discrete or mixed distributions. Most ensemble data assimilation methods do not explicitly consider the possibility of mixed distributions. The quantile-conserving ensemble filter framework is extended to explicitly deal with discrete or mixed distributions. An example is given using bounded normal rank histogram probability distributions applied to observing system simulation experiments in a low-order tracer advection model. Analyses of tracer concentration and tracer source are shown to be improved when using the extended methods. A key feature of the resulting ensembles is that there can be ensemble members with duplicate values. An extension of the rank histogram diagnostic method to deal with potential duplicates shows that the ensemble distributions from the extended assimilation methods are more consistent with the truth.

Significance Statement

Data assimilation is a statistical method that is used to combine information from computer forecasts with measurements of the Earth system. The result is a better estimate of what is occurring in the physical system. As an example, data assimilation is used for making weather predictions. Some Earth system quantities, like precipitation, have special values that can occur very frequently. For instance, zero rainfall is quite common, while any other specific amount of rainfall, say, 0.42 in., is unusual. New data assimilation tools that work well for quantities like this are introduced and should lead to better estimates and predictions of the Earth system.
Community Engagement, Equity, and Cross-Sector Public Health Practice
Authors: Nickel Patricia M. , Hunt Cerise
Published: May 2024

In this topical review, we integrate 3 concepts—public health practice, community engagement, and cross-sector governance—to consider the following question: What is the underlying relationship between public health and cross-sector governance according to which the field can understand the role of community engagement in achieving health equity? We begin with an overview of public health practice and the practice of community engagement. Next, we position these practices in the broader turn toward cross-sector governance. The integration of these themes reveals that common tools for community engagement fail to address questions about how services should be funded, how resources should be distributed, and which members of the community have a claim to services. We therefore suggest that distinguishing between community engagement for equity and equitable community engagement is a first step toward deepening dialogue about the role of public health in achieving health equity.
Body surface area is positively associated with ankle-brachial index
Authors: Palmu Samuel , Kautiainen Hannu , Eriksson Johan G. , Hakovirta Harri , Korhonen Päivi E.
Published: May 2024

Background

Ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement is a widely used diagnostic test for lower extremity artery disease. Previously, a larger body surface area (BSA) has been associated with lower blood pressure and lower 2-h post-load glucose concentrations in the oral glucose tolerance test. Our aim was to evaluate whether BSA has an impact on ABI and the prevalence of lower ABI values.

Methods

ABI measurements were performed on 972 subjects aged 45 to 70 years at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Subjects with previously diagnosed kidney disease, CVD, and diabetes were excluded. Their BSA was calculated by the Mosteller formula. Study subjects were divided into ﬁve BSA levels corresponding to 12.5th, 25th, 25th, 25th, and 12.5th percentiles of the total distribution. Effect modification by BSA in ABI between sexes was derived from a four-knot restricted cubic splines regression model.

Results

After adjustments for age, sex, pulse pressure, glucose regulation, waist circumference, alcohol intake, smoking status, leisure-time physical activity and medication, BSA level had a positive linear relationship with ABI ( p for linearity <0.001). When BSA was less than 2.0 m2, there was no difference between the sexes, but when BSA was higher than 2.0 m2, men had higher ABI.

Conclusion

BSA shows a positive linear relationship with ABI in CVD risk subjects without manifested CVD. The difference in ABI between men and women is modified by BSA and is appreciable when BSA is larger than 2.0 m2.
Evidence for a role of the basolateral amygdala in regulating regional metabolism in the stressed brain
Authors: Adkins Austin M , Luyo Zachary N M , Kim Woong-Ki , Wellman Laurie L , Sanford Larry D
Published: May 2024

The brain regulates every physiological process in the body, including metabolism. Studies investigating brain metabolism have shown that stress can alter major metabolic processes, and that these processes can vary between regions. However, no study has investigated how metabolic pathways may be altered by stressor perception, or whether stress-responsive brain regions can also regulate metabolism. The basolateral amygdala (BLA), a region important for stress and fear, has reciprocal connections to regions responsible for metabolic regulation. In this study, we investigated how BLA influences regional metabolic profiles within the hippocampus (HPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), regions involved in regulating the stress response and stress perception, using optogenetics in male C57BL/6 mice during footshock presentation in a yoked shuttlebox paradigm based on controllable (ES) and uncontrollable (IS) stress. RNA extracted from HPC and mPFC were loaded into NanoString® Mouse Neuroinflammation Panels, which also provides a broad view of metabolic processes, for compilation of gene expression profiles. Results showed differential regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling gene expression pathways in HPC and mPFC following ES and IS, and that these differences were altered in response to optogenetic excitation or inhibition of the BLA. These findings demonstrate for the first time that individual brain regions can utilize metabolites in a way that are unique to their needs and function in response to a stressor, and that vary based on stressor controllability and influence by BLA.
Research advancements and perspectives of inflammatory bowel disease: A comprehensive review
Authors: Bai Junyi , Wang Ying , Li Fuhao , Wu Yueyao , Chen Jun , Li Meng , Wang Xi , Lv Bin
Published: May 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with increasing incidence, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The accurate etiology and pathogenesis of IBD remain unclear, and it is generally believed that it is related to genetic susceptibility, gut microbiota, environmental factors, immunological abnormalities, and potentially other factors. Currently, the mainstream therapeutic drugs are amino salicylic acid agents, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biological agents, but the remission rates do not surpass 30–60% of patients in a real-life setting. As a consequence, there are many studies focusing on emerging drugs and bioactive ingredients that have higher efficacy and long-term safety for achieving complete deep healing. This article begins with a review of the latest, systematic, and credible summaries of the pathogenesis of IBD. In addition, we provide a summary of the current treatments and drugs for IBD. Finally, we focus on the therapeutic effects of emerging drugs such as microRNAs and lncRNAs, nanoparticles-mediated drugs and natural products on IBD and their mechanisms of action.
Population, carbon dioxide emissions and renewable energy consumption nexus: New insights from Vietnam
Authors: Thi Mai Anh Nguyen , Xuan Vu Ngoc , Mai Huong Le , Xuan Hoa Pham , Thi Phuong Thu Nguyen
Published: May 2024

This academic paper investigates the intricate relationships among population dynamics, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and renewable energy consumption in Vietnam. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach and fixed panel data method to examine the nexus between population, CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption in Vietnam. The data is collected at the World Bank from 2000 to 2023. As the nation undergoes rapid economic development and urbanization, understanding the nexus between population growth, environmental impact and the transition to renewable energy sources becomes crucial. The study employs a multidimensional analytical approach that integrates demographic trends, environmental science and energy economics to unveil novel evidence into the complex interplay of these factors. The significant findings indicate a positive trajectory in renewable energy consumption, with notable contributions from solar, wind and hydropower sources. Concurrently, population growth, particularly in urban centres, correlates with increased CO2 emissions, emphasizing the role of demographic shifts in environmental impact. Policy implications derived from these results underscore the need for integrated strategies. Targeted policies promoting renewable energy in urban centres, incentivizing cleaner industrial practices and fostering community engagement emerge as crucial avenues for sustainable development. In essence, this study contributes valuable insights into the dynamic relationships among population dynamics, CO2 emissions and renewable energy consumption in Vietnam, offering a foundation for evidence-based policymaking and guiding future research endeavours in sustainable development.
Extractions: Data Infrastructures and the Public Good
Authors: Delgado Ana , Bauer Susanne
Published: May 2024

This special issue invites reflection on digital forms of resource extractivism, through thinking-with microbes, fish, smart energy, and human bodies. We examine the confluence of infrastructure building, public good enactment, and nature datafication to account for novel forms of resource economies. The articles in this collection empirically investigate the various ways in which nature is turned into resource in laboratory and experimental sites including database retrievals and data mining. Our empirical cases, ranging from biodiversity prospecting, clinical biobanking to the digitalized electric grid and from digital fish to biodigital transformations in yeast technology, offer insights into the nexus of data, economy, nature, and information. Contributing to the literature on datafication of natural resources, these studies re-situate information infrastructures and biodigital extractions as part of emerging info-economies.
Process modelling for the production of hydrogen-based direct reduced iron in shaft furnaces using different ore grades
Authors: Shahabuddin M. , Rahbari Alireza , Sabah Shabnam , Brooks Geoffrey , Pye John , Rhamdhani M. Akbar
Published: May 2024

This process modelling study explored the behaviour of hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI) manufacturing in a shaft furnace. Various performance parameters such as metallisation ratio (MR), consumption of hydrogen per tonne of DRI, production of by-products, reactor energy demand and total energy demands for the process have been analysed with respect to temperature, ore grade (gangue content), and reactant conditions. The HSC Chemistry (H: enthalpy, S: entropy and C: heat capacity) SIM (simulation) module was employed for the modelling coupled with the Gibbs energy minimisation calculation. The shaft furnace was divided into three zones to model the three-step reduction of iron ore in a counterflow arrangement. Results show that temperature and hydrogen supply have a significant effect on the metallisation of DRI. Increasing temperature and hydrogen flow rate were predicted to increase the MR or reducibility. A full metallisation can be achieved with hydrogen supply of 130, 110, 100 and 90 kg/tDRI at 700, 800, 900 and 1000°C, respectively, using the best-grade ore (Fe 69 wt.%, gangue 5.2 wt.%). However, the hydrogen consumption in full metallisation was calculated to be 54 kg/tDRI (tonne of DRI). At full MR, the reactor energy consumption (supplementary electrical energy) was calculated to be 0.56 to 0.59 MWh/t Fefeed using the reactor temperature from 700 to 1000°C. Ore grade or gangue content has a significant impact on reactor energy demand. For example, at 900°C, the top-grade ore was calculated to consume 0.69 MWh/tDRI compared to 0.88 MWh/tDRI using the lowest grade ore. A certain percentage of CO (i.e. 15%) blended with hydrogen was predicted to be beneficial for metallisation, hydrogen consumption, and overall energy demand. However, increasing CO would increase CO2 emissions significantly.
Effect of Al2O3 and CaO/SiO2 ratio in slag on the cleanliness of bearing steel GCr15
Authors: Guo Zhijie , Sun Yanhui , Wang Hongyu , Chen Chao
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the effect of Al2O3 content (ranging from 30% to 38%) and the CaO/SiO2 ratio (ranging from 4 to 7) in LF refining slag at 1600 °C on the cleanliness of bearing steel through laboratory experiments. The driving forces (concentration difference ΔC) of four inclusions (Al2O3, MgO-Al2O3, Mg4Al2O7, and MgO) in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-5% MgO slag as well as the slag viscosity (η) at 1600 °C were calculated by Factsage 8.1 software. The relationship between ΔC/η (specifically for MgO·Al2O3 inclusions) and the cleanliness of bearing steel was investigated. The results show that the steel-slag reaction significantly reduces the total oxygen content, inclusion number density, and area fraction within the molten steel, thereby augmenting its cleanliness. With increasing Al2O3 content and CaO/SiO2 ratio in the slag, a notable trend of initial decline followed by subsequent increase is observed in both total oxygen content and total inclusion number density and area fraction within the molten steel. The LF slag composition is suggested to comprise 32% Al2O3, with a CaO/SiO2 ratio of 6. The ΔC/η ratio of MgO·Al2O3 inclusions shows a positive correlation with the apparent rate constant of oxygen removal (ko) while exhibiting a negative correlation with both the number density and area fraction of MgO·Al2O3 inclusions. This indicates that ΔC/η ratio of MgO·Al2O3 inclusions directly affects the removal rate of MgO·Al2O3 inclusions. Moreover, LF refining slag exhibits varying adsorption capacities for the four types of inclusions, ranked as Al2O3 > MgAl2O4 > Mg4Al2O7 > MgO.
Deep Learning Model for Short-Term Origin–Destination Distribution Prediction in Urban Rail Transit Network Considering Destination Choice Behavior
Authors: Wang Yue , Yao Enjian , Zhang Yongsheng , Pan Long , Hao He
Published: May 2024

Urban rail transit (URT) has emerged as a crucial mode of transportation in metropolitan areas. For the effective operation of expanding URT networks, accurate short-term origin–destination (OD) demand distribution predictions are essential. This study introduces a novel deep-learning-based model for predicting short-term OD distribution in extensive networks, taking destination choice behaviors into account. First, we perform a comprehensive analysis of station passenger flows and OD flows from both temporal and spatial dimensions. Then, we develop the origin–destination distribution prediction (ODDP) model, combining the destination choice model (DCM) with the deep learning model (DLM). The DCM aims to understand OD distribution patterns from a behavioral perspective by transforming real-time inflows into OD distributions. Meanwhile, the DLM, employing attention and convolution layers, effectively captures the intricate temporal and spatial dynamics of passenger flows. Our model is evaluated using data from the Guangzhou Metro network in China, showing significant enhancements in prediction accuracy, model interpretability, and overall robustness. The implementation of our model promises substantial benefits for the operational efficiency of URT systems.
Interpretable Machine Learning for Mode Choice Modeling on Tracking-Based Revealed Preference Data
Authors: Dahmen Victoria , Weikl Simone , Bogenberger Klaus
Published: May 2024

Mode choice modeling is imperative for predicting and understanding travel behavior. For this purpose, machine learning (ML) models have increasingly been applied to stated preference and traditional self-recorded revealed preference data with promising results, particularly for extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and random forest (RF) models. Because of the rise in the use of tracking-based smartphone applications for recording travel behavior, we address the important and unprecedented task of testing these ML models for mode choice modeling on such data. Furthermore, as ML approaches are still criticized for leading to results that are hard to understand, we consider it essential to provide an in-depth interpretability analysis of the best-performing model. Our results show that the XGBoost and RF models far outperform a conventional multinomial logit model, both overall and for each mode. The interpretability analysis using the Shapley additive explanations approach reveals that the XGBoost model can be explained well at the overall and mode level. In addition, we demonstrate how to analyze individual predictions. Lastly, a sensitivity analysis gives insight into the relative importance of different data sources, sample size, and user involvement. We conclude that the XGBoost model performs best, while also being explainable. Insights generated by such models can be used, for instance, to predict mode choice decisions for arbitrary origin–destination pairs to see which impacts infrastructural changes would have on the mode share.
Integrated Optimization Model of Lane Function and Signal Control for Tandem Intersections
Authors: Zheng Zhe , An Kun , Su Zicheng , Zheng Nan , Ma Wanjing
Published: May 2024

This paper presents an integrated optimal controller for the tandem intersection with lane function design and signal control, aiming to improve intersection efficiency and service reliability with a multi-objective formulation. The tandem intersection is a type of unconventional intersection that can re-organize the vehicles at entrance lanes with sorting areas, and improve intersection capacity through the coordination of pre-signals and main signals. However, most existing studies related to tandem intersection control assume that the lane functions in the sorting areas for both the through and left-turn movements are the same, and the traffic demand remains static. To fill these gaps, this paper first identifies six different tandem control modes based on the different lane functions and phase sequence schemes in the sorting area, and the corresponding delay models for each mode are derived. Furthermore, an integrated optimization model is developed to minimize the mean and semistandard deviation of the intersection delay, and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II is used to obtain the optimal solution. A case study is conducted in a real-world intersection in Melbourne, Australia, under various traffic conditions. The results show that the proposed method can decrease average delay and queue length by 19.61% and 20.94%, respectively, compared with conventional intersection design.
In-bore MRI targeted biopsy. Lights and shadows
Authors: Totaro Angelo , Ragonese Mauro , Cretì Antonio
Published: May 2024

Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MpMRI) and MRI-guided biopsy (MRGB) are the diagnostic gold standard in the management of men with suspicious prostate cancer (PCa). There are not enough studies, yet, that compare TRUS-MRGB, COG-TB and IB-MRGB. Despite IB-MRGB could be more accurate in detecting PCa in smaller lesions and a less operator dependent technique, there are still some concerns regarding high resource costs and the chance of missing lesions not visible at MRI or detected by systematic biopsy.
Compound players and emotional arenas: The self-identification of the Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity in Mexico
Authors: Gordillo-García Johan
Published: May 2024

After the Mexican ex-president Felipe Calderón declared a ‘war’ against criminal organisations, the number of murders and people reported as disappeared increased steadily in the country. However, the authorities constantly ensured that these crimes occurred exclusively among criminals. This narrative was fractured when, after the murder of his son in 2011, the poet Javier Sicilia started leading the protests of activists, relatives of victims and social organisations from virtually all of Mexico. After some mobilisations, they adopted the name Movement for Peace with Justice and Dignity (MPJD). Following a ‘players and arenas’ understanding of social movements, I analyse the formation of the MPJD as a self-identified compound player. First, I explore the structural and agency elements in the participants’ backgrounds. Then, I discuss how the emotional content of the interactions in public demonstrations influenced their relationships developing a sense of community that fostered their identification as part of the MPJD. Overall, this study advances a micro-level perspective to understand the dynamics of collective action.
Effect of Extended Prone Positioning in Intubated COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kang Hanyujie , Subinuer Keyimu , Tong Zhaohui
Published: May 2024

Objective: The prone positioning (PP) strategy has been considered as a feasible treatment for intubated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the optimal duration of PP remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy and safety of extended PP (EPP) on patients with ARDS due to COVID-19. Materials and methods: The Cochrane Library databases, Embase, and Pubmed were systematically searched from inception until September 21, 2023. The primary outcomes were the mortality and the change of PaO2:FiO2 ratio; the secondary outcome was the incidence of complications (pressure injuries, facial edema, loss of endotracheal tube, loss of vascular access, etc). The random effects model was used to analyze the data. Results: Eight studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. All studies had a low risk of bias. Compared to the standard prone position group, EPP could improve the PaO2:FiO2 ratio (mean deviation [MD], 9.13; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.29-17.96; P = .04; χ2 = 1.12, I2 = 0%). No significant difference was found in the mortality (odds ratios [OR] 0.90; 95% CI 0.67-1.22; P = .49; χ2 = 5, I2 = 0%). However, patients treated with the EPP were associated with an increasing incidence rate of pressure injuries (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.08-2.01; P = .01; χ2 = 4.37, I2 = 0%) compared to standard care. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that the EPP could be an effective strategy to improve the PaO2:FiO2 ratio without detrimental effects on mortality in intubated patients with COVID-19. Given the limited number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm the results.

INPLASY registration number

INPLASY202390072
The Relationship Between Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Aydın Nese , Severcan Yucel Can
Published: May 2024

This article aims to review the literature on the link between urban environment and childhood asthma with the outdoor air quality as the intervening variable. Our systematic literature review of 234 articles in Scopus, WOS, and PubMed databases returned 51 relevant research articles. Findings show that particular environments have detrimental effects on outdoor air quality, which in turn have a negative impact on childhood asthma. A larger number of studies focused on the relationship between traffic-related air pollution and childhood asthma. The results of this review inform researchers about the gaps in the literature and outline recommendations for future research.
Greater Apathy Associated With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Schade Rachel N. , Etheridge Connor B. , Kenney Lauren E. , Ratajska Adrianna M. , Rodriguez Katie , Lopez Francesca V. , Gertler Joshua , Ray Alyssa , Santos Lauren , Hess Christopher , Bowers Dawn
Published: May 2024

Objective

Apathy, a motivational disorder, is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and often misdiagnosed as depression. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been associated with increased apathy in adolescents and adults with depression. Based on observations that serotonin may downregulate dopaminergic systems, we examined the relationship between apathy and SSRI use in individuals with PD.

Methods

Medications, mood/motivation scales, and clinical data were collected from a convenience sample of 400 individuals with PD. Depression and apathy were measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-Il) and the Apathy Scale (AS). Antidepressant medications were grouped by mechanism type.

Results

Of the 400 PD patients, 26% were on SSRIs. On standard mood/motivation scales, 38% of the sample exceeded clinical cut-offs for apathy and 28% for depression. Results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed that SSRIs were the only antidepressant that were significantly associated with higher apathy scores (β = .1, P = .02). Less education (β = −.1, P = .01) worse cognition (β = −.1, P = .01), and greater depressive symptoms (β = .5, P < .001) were also significant predictors of apathy.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that use of SSRIs, but not other antidepressants, is associated with greater apathy in PD. Given the interactive relationship between serotonin and dopamine, the current findings highlight the importance of considering apathy when determining which antidepressants to prescribe to individuals with PD. Similarly, switching a SSRI for an alternative antidepressant in individuals with PD who are apathetic may be a potential treatment for apathy that needs further study.
Analysis of load carrying performance for glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite pipe under different in-service conditions
Authors: Yao Minru , Xu Jin , Su Yuewen , Sun Duo , Zhang Fumin , Wu Wanxin
Published: May 2024

Fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite pipe (FRTP) has advantages over traditional metallic counterparts for oil and gas transportation. During in-service the pipe is subjected to different mechanical loads including internal pressure, torsion, and bending. In this work, a special type of continuous glass fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite pipe (DN150-6.4 MPa) is analyzed by finite element method (FEM) under various complex service-in conditions. Stress and strain are investigated for different layers of FRTP to determine the extreme load capacity. Experimental analysis is conducted to validate proposed method. Combining the results from FEM and test, it is concluded that the ultimate internal pressure (burst pressure) of FRTP is 61.7 MPa, the ultimate axial tensile displacement is 66.4 mm, the maximum torsion angle is 71.5°, and the minimum bending radius 978.9 mm. Under different working conditions, the mechanical properties of the FRTP are still surplus under the given load. For the good agreement with experimental data, the FEM modeling can be guide for practical application of FRTP.
Welding bulk metallic glasses: Processes, key challenges, and future directions
Authors: Andreoli Angelo F , Gargarella Piter , Neto Nelson D Campos , Orava Jiri , de Oliveira Marcelo F , Eckert Jürgen
Published: May 2024

Considerable scientific effort has been devoted to comprehending welding processes and establishing correlations between structure and properties in crystalline metals and alloys’ welded joints. However, welding of bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs) presents unique challenges. The weldability of these glasses is complex due to their lack of long-range order and high propensity to crystallization. BMGs are joined through either supercooled-liquid-phase or liquid-phase welding techniques. To maintain the integrity of the glassy structure, it is imperative to meticulously control the welding temperature and duration during supercooled-liquid-phase welding to prevent crystallization or ensure a sufficiently rapid cooling rate in liquid-phase welding to suppress solidification. In most cases, the presence of crystalline phases adversely affects the mechanical and physical properties of the joints. This review article describes and critically analyzes the key aspects influencing BMG welding and the correlations between the welding conditions and BMG joint properties. The fundamental knowledge to understand the welding of BMGs is presented, and the many welding methods used are discussed. The review also offers recommendations for various opportunities and new directions for advancing the field of BMG welding.
Biodiesel production from microalgae oils: A critical review
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Singh Vinod K , Ravi Ravikant , Verma Vikas , Arora Akhilesh , Alam Tabish , Yadav Anil S , Sharma Abhishek
Published: May 2024

The global energy demand is expected to rise due to improved living standards, population growth, and urbanization. It underscores the need to explore alternative energy sources. Biodiesel, derived from renewable feedstock, is considered a promising solution to meet future energy needs while addressing concerns about dwindling fossil fuel reserves and environmental issues. Microalgal oils are identified as third-generation feedstock for biofuels production due to their advantages over conventional edible crops and non-edible oils, which face limitations in availability and yield. Microalgal oils are particularly significant because edible oils serve as food sources, and non-edible oil resources have slow growth rate as well as less oil yields. For biodiesel derived from any feedstock, meeting specific physical and chemical properties to comply with biodiesel standards. Therefore, thoroughly examining the conversion process from microalgal oil to biodiesel is necessary. This study explores various aspects of microalgal oils as biodiesel feedstock, including different microalgal species and their oil content, technologies used for biodiesel production from microalgal oils and biomass, and biodiesel standards and characterization across other countries. Techno-economics and Life Cycle Assessment are applied in this study to evaluate the economic viability and environmental impact of microalgae-based processes, addressing challenges such as data availability, uncertainty, and stakeholder engagement. This review highlights a significant opportunity to produce biodiesel from microalgal feedstock, which could contribute to future biodiesel production and provide a sustainable alternative to conventional diesel fuels.
Irreversibility analysis of EMHD ternary nanofluid flow: Unveiling the combined effects of thermal radiation, chemical reactions and cross-diffusion
Authors: Kathyayani Gandrakota , Nagendra Rao Satuluri Satya
Published: May 2024

Comprehending the behaviour of ternary hybrid nanofluids with the influence of couple stress effects on a flat plate will provide vital insights for the development of more effective heat exchangers and cooling systems. In this investigation, we analyzed the impact of various factors, including couple stress and cross-diffusion parameters (Dufour and Soret), on a ternary hybrid nanofluid flow [Formula: see text] across a convectively heated flat plate. The analysis takes into account non-Fourier heat flux and irreversibility. The governing equations are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations, and then the bvp4c solver is used to find solutions. Outcomes are provided for two instances, that is, nanofluid ([Formula: see text]) and ternary hybrid nanofluid [Formula: see text] The fluid velocity is found to be negatively correlated with the couple stress parameter rises ([Formula: see text]) which is one of the major findings in this study. Within the range of [Formula: see text] it is seen that the friction factor exhibits a gradual increase with a rate of 0.02878 (in the case of nanofluid flow) and 0.038083 (in the case of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow). Additionally, when the Dufour number is between 0 and 0.6, the Nusselt number exhibits a discernible decrease of 0.27678 (in the case of nanofluid flow) and 0.26428 (in the case of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow). Furthermore, at [Formula: see text] (the Sherwood number), the Sherwood number drops at a rate of 0.0786 (in the case of nanofluid flow) and 0.05592 (in the case of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow). It has been observed that an increase in the chemical reaction parameter [Formula: see text] lowers the fluid concentration. It is observed that the Sherwood number increases at a rate of 0.037654 (in the case of nanofluid flow) and 0.037661 (in the case of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow) when [Formula: see text].