bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in social media usage related to mental health and veterans’ topics among US military veterans: An exploratory analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kelly Kacie , Fine Alex , Coppersmith Glen
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND

Women veterans face particular challenges in adjusting to civilian life and in recovering from the invisible wounds of war. Because of the significant gender imbalance of the (overwhelmingly male) veteran population, and because of the particularly gendered culture of both the military and many veteran service organizations (VSOs), many women veterans are reluctant to seek medical care, counseling, and peer support from the very organizations intended to serve them. Social media has allowed new forms of community- and help-seeking, especially among individuals who are less likely to seek care for various reasons.

OBJECTIVE

In this article, we ask whether there is evidence that women veterans are particularly likely to use social media for the purpose of seeking community and care. This would have important implications for how VSOs provide outreach and services to this uniquely vulnerable population.

METHODS

We apply natural language processing (NLP) and data visualization techniques to more than 3 million Tweets collected from 20,000 Twitter users. We present a series of exploratory analyses to examine the ways women veterans use social media compared to their male counterparts.

RESULTS

Women veterans use social media to seek social and community engagement and to find resources and support related to mental health and veterans’ topics significantly more frequently than their male counterparts. By contrast, male veterans tend to use social media to amplify political ideologies or to engage in partisan debate.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that VSOs must be systematically mindful of the gender makeup of their intended audiences when using social media for outreach or to promote services. Social media platforms may be particularly effective for reaching women veterans, and women veterans may be more likely to respond to outreach that specifically addresses the challenges veterans face. We highlight promising avenues for further research, and provide guidance concerning how VSOs can act on, test, and refine these observations in their own outreach efforts.

CLINICALTRIAL

n/a
Quality of Health Services in the First Level Health Facilities and the Role of Quality and Cost Control Team in Lampung Province
Authors: Sukohar Asep , Suryawinata Arli , Mediansyah Aulian
Published: February 2020

Background: The National Health Insurance/Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) program is a public health protection guarantee held by the Social Securite Management Agency/Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan (BPJS) to ensure that all Indonesians receive comprehensive, fair, and equitable health care benefits. The health services are provided using a tiered service system with the first stage in the First Level Health Facilities/Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FKTP) acting as a gatekeeper. In conducting these duties, they must always be maintained with good cost-efficiency to be able to provide optimal health service quality. The audit function is imposed by the Quality and Cost Control Team/Tim Kendali Mutu Kendali Biaya (TKMKB) which partners with BPJS. Until now, various efforts to improve the quality of services continue to be developed, one of which is the capitation-based service commitment/Kapitasi Berbasis Komitmen Pelayanan (KBK) payment method. Quality of health services in FKTP can be seen through the high number of FKTP that are affected by the capitation-based service commitment (FKTP KBK-K) payment. Additionally, the high number of FKTP KBK-K can also be a measure of the success of the quality and cost control program implemented by the regional TKMKB. Objective: To assess the quality of health services in FKTP and the TKMKB performance of Lampung Province. Methods: This research was a descriptive-analytic study using data from the BPJS report of Lampung Province and TKMKB in the first and second quarters of 2019. Results: There was an increase in the number of FKTP KBK-K in Lampung Province in the second quarter of 2019, not achieving the minimum contact number, with a low ratio of Prolanis Routine Participants Visiting/Rasio Peserta Prolanis Rutin Berkunjung (RPPRB) especially at the FKTP non-Primary Health Care Centers (non-Puskesmas) in Lampung Province. Conclusion: An increase in the number of FKTP KBK-K that is not accompanied by an increase in the clinical ability of primary health care providers (such as family doctors/primary care doctors) can reflect suboptimal health services in FKTP. Also, this can further serve as a benchmark that the performance of the provincial TKMKB is not yet optimal.
Race, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Chronic Lung Disease in the U.S.
Authors: Assari Shervin , Chalian Hamid , Bazargan Mohsen
Published: February 2020

Background: Higher socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as educational attainment and income reduce the risk of chronic lung diseases (CLDs) such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to smaller health benefits of high SES for marginalized populations such as racial and ethnic minorities compared to the socially privileged groups such as non-Hispanic Whites. It is still unknown, however, if MDRs also apply to the effects of education and income on CLDs. Purpose: Using a nationally representative sample, the current study explored racial and ethnic variation in the associations between educational attainment and income and CLDs among American adults.Methods: In this study, we analyzed data (n = 25,659) from a nationally representative survey of American adults in 2013 and 2014. Wave one of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH)-Adult study was used. The independent variables were educational attainment (less than high school = 1, high school graduate = 2, and college graduate = 3) and income (living out of poverty = 1, living in poverty = 0). The dependent variable was any CLDs (i.e., COPD, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma). Age, gender, employment, and region were the covariates. Race and ethnicity were the moderators. Logistic regressions were fitted to analyze the data. Results: Individuals with higher educational attainment and those with higher income (who lived out of poverty) had lower odds of CLDs. Race and ethnicity showed statistically significant interactions with educational attainment and income, suggesting that the protective effects of high education and income on reducing odds of CLDs were smaller for Blacks and Hispanics than for non-Hispanic Whites. Conclusions: Education and income better reduce the risk of CLDs among Whites than Hispanics and Blacks. That means we should expect disproportionately higher than expected risk of CLDs in Hispanics and Blacks with high SES. Future research should test if high levels of environmental risk factors contribute to the high risk of CLDs in high income and highly educated Black and Hispanic Americans. Policy makers should not reduce health inequalities to SES gaps because disparities sustain across SES levels, with high SES Blacks and Hispanics remaining at risk of health problems.
Analisis Non Performing Financing, Dana Pihak Ketiga, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Dan Financing To Deposit Terhadap Total Pembiayaan
Authors: Andriani Vivin , Pakkanna Mukhaer
Published: February 2020

This research aims to examine the effect of Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Third Party Fund (DPK), CAR and FDR both simultaneously or partially on Total Financing with Islamic General Bank. In this research, the researcher applied quantitative method and employed secondary type of data sources. The sample used in this research is financial statement Islamic General Bank during the period of 2013-2017. The data analysis method used in this research is variable descriptive statistics, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression with significance level 5% and hypothetical test. The outcome of the research is processed using SPSS program version 22
LEARNING MEDIA DEVELOPMENT APPROACH WITH A RECTANGLE PROBLEM POSING BASED GEOGEBRA
Authors: Saputro Bagus Ardi
Published: February 2020

This study aims to develop learning media quadrilateral with problem posing approach based GeoGebra. 8 teachers from three different schools have stated that this media can be used to teach the nature - the nature of the quadrilateral. After the learning is done using this media, this media can facilitate students in asking about the nature - the nature of wake quadrilateral, facilitating students to learn the relationship between the type - the type of wake rectangles that have the same properties, and provides the opportunity for teachers in the evaluation of mathematical communication current students ask and write.
PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS’ ABILITY IN MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM-SOLVING THROUGH REFLECTIVE LEARNING
Authors: Ningsih Yunika Lestaria , Rohana Rohana
Published: February 2020

The research aims to determine the mathematical problem-solving ability of prospective teachers’  through  reflective learning.  Reflective learning is a learning process that provides students the opportunity to examine and investigate the problems that is triggered by experience, analyzing of individual the experiences, and facilitate the learning of  the experiences. These lessons are identified to improve mathematical ability students. By using a descriptive qualitative research. The subject of this study were students of Mathematics Education Program in one of private universities in Palembang, consisting of 34 students. This study was conducted in odd semester academic year of 2015/2016. The instruments in this study were mathematical problem-solving ability test, observation sheet, and interview guide. The data were analyzed descriptively. Based on analysis of the data are found that the average mathematical problem-solving ability of students’  through  reflective learning in good categories.
DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING MATERIALS ALGEBRAIC EQUATION TO IMPROVE PROBLEM SOLVING
Authors: Widodo Sri Adi
Published: February 2020

Problem-solving skills are the basic capabilities of a person in solving a problem and that involve critical thinking, logical, and systematic. To solve a problem one-way necessary measures to solve the problem. Polya is one way to solve a mathematical problem. by developing teaching materials designed using the steps in solving problems Polya expected students could improve its ability to solve problems. In this first year, the goal of this study is to investigate the process of learning the hypothetical development of teaching materials. This study is a research & development. Procedure development research refers to research the development of Thiagarajan, Semmel & Semmel ie 4-D. Model development in the first year is define, design, and development. The collection of data for the assessment of teaching materials algebra equations conducted by the expert by filling the validation sheet. Having examined the materials of algebraic equations in the subject of numerical methods, reviewing the curriculum that is aligned with KKNI, and formulates learning outcomes that formed the conceptual teaching material on the material algebraic equations. From the results of expert assessment team found that the average ratings of teaching materials in general algebraic equation of 4.38 with a very good category. The limited test needs to be done to see effectiveness teaching materials on problem-solving skills in students who are taking courses numerical methods
Determinants of audit fees in developing countries: Evidence from Egypt
Authors: ElGammal Walid , Gharzeddine Marwa
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to examine the perceived level of importance with respect to each pre-suggested determinant of audit fees in Egypt. In particular, the perceptions about auditor related attributes and client-related attributes according to external auditors and client’s representatives (auditee).
This study is based on the results of a survey conducted in Egypt. A questionnaire is designed to request the opinions of external auditors and client representatives about 28 audit fees determinant. The questionnaire was sent to 150 participants out of whom 63 responses are found usable. Data is analyzed using SPSS program and Mann-Whitney U test is performed.
The results reveal that the perception of all attributes is greater than 3, implying that all pre-suggested determinants are perceived as relatively important, important or highly important. The most three important attributes are: the good reputation of the audit firm, the fact of being one of the Big Four and the level of complexity of the auditee. Furthermore, the results show that there is no significant difference in perceptions of both group of participants regarding the importance of each audit fees determinant. It is also evident that auditor-related attributes are perceived to be of higher importance than client-related attributes.
This is the first study conducted in Egypt examining the determinants of audit fees, knowing that audit fees figures are neither available nor publically disclosed. Moreover, the study takes into account the Egyptian revolution which started in 2011 by adding two new determinants to the questionnaire; economic and political stability. This is in order to cope with the country’s situation and to check the extent of such environmental attributes’ effect on audit pricing.
Diplomasi Publik Indonesia melalui Penyelenggaraan Asian Games 2018
Authors: Tiffany Anggia , Azmi Fuad
Published: February 2020

Asian Games merupakan acara multi-olahraga kontinental yang diadakan setiap empat tahun sekali dan diikuti oleh seluruh atlet dari berbagai negara di Asia. Indonesia sudah menjadi tuan rumah sebanyak 2 kali tahun 1962 dan tahun 2018. Indonesia memaksimalkan penyelenggaraan karena Asian Games merupakan event bergengsi bukan sekedar pertandingan olahraga yang menjadi salah satu cara yang efektif untuk mencetak image baik sebuah negara, mempopulerkan Indonesia di mata dunia serta menjadi ajang dalam mempromosikan wisatanya. Maka dari itu, Indonesia melakukan diplomasi publik melalui rangkaian pelaksanaan Asian Games 2018. Dalam riset ini, periset menganalisis upaya-upaya diplomasi publik Indonesia melalui Asian Games 2018 yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia dan INASGOC. Periset menggunakan satu konsep dalam hubungan internasional, yakni konsep tiga lapisan diplomasi publik dengan metode riset berupa metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil dari riset ini menunjukan bahwa strategi-strategi yang dijalankan oleh masing-masing aktor dari pemerintah Indonesia dan non pemerintah dapat mencapai tujuan diplomasi publik dalam jangka pendek melebihi ekspektasi di dunia internasional. Upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh para aktor hubungan internasional ini sesuai dengan bentuk tiga lapisan diplomasi publik serta cukup memenuhi konten dari setiap lapisan tersebut, yakni: monolog, dialog serta kolaborasi.
Activation of apoptotic cell death by skin mucus from Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) against human lung cancer cell line
Authors: Hilles Ayah Rebhi , Mahmood Syed , Kaderi Mohd Arifin , Hashim Ridzwan
Published: February 2020

Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is a freshwater fish which distributed widely in the East of India mainly across Malay Peninsula and Indochinese Peninsula, it is also broadly distributed in the Southern areas of East Asia including, southeastern China, Western Japanese Archipelago, and Korean Peninsula. It lives in muddy places, rice paddies, and slow-flowing currents areas. It has a unique morphological elongated body which is similar to snake and covered with a thick layer of the mucus. The objective of this study is to screen the cytotoxic activity of eel skin mucus extracts and to evaluate the mechanism of cell death whether it is apoptosis or necrosis based on caspases activity assays. For this purpose; eel skin mucus was collected from healthy fresh eels to prepare aqueous and methanol extracts. Preliminary cytotoxicity study was demonstrated against Non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line (A549) using cell viability assay which revealed that methanol extract is more potent than aqueous extract; the revealed data was based on the response of ESM methanol and aqueous extracts to the relevant IC50 concentrations as IC50 values were 621±0.09 µg/mL and 845 ± 0.25 µg/mL respectively. Subsequently, the mechanism of cell death induced cell death through triggering apoptosis by the activation of caspase-3/7, 8 and 9. In conclusion, the present study has revealed the cytotoxic potentials of eel skin mucus which may lead to the development of new anticancer agents.
ANALISIS RASIO PROFITABILITAS UNTUK MENGUKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT. BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT BATARA WAJO MAKASSAR
Authors: Sartika Sartika
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji analisis rasio profitabilitas, dalam menilai kinerja keuangan pada PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Batara Wajo Makassar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif yaitu untuk menjelaskan tentang hasil perhitungan rasio profitabilitas, yang terjadi dalam perusahaan selama tahun 2016 sampai dengan 2018. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik penelitian langsung dan dokumentasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Batara Wajo Makassar selama tiga tahun terakhir (2016-2018) sekaligus menjadi sampel pada penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Batara Wajo Makassar selama tiga tahun terakhir mengalami kondisi yang tidak stabil atau tidak menetap, pengukuran kinerja keuangan dengan menggunakan rasio profitabilitas yang terdiri dari Return on Assets dinilai dalam keadaan yang tidak baik karena kemampuan aktiva yang diinvestasikan untuk berputar dalam menghasilkan laba yang tinggi kurang dan dengan Return on Equity dinilai dalam keadaan yang kurang baik karena kemampuan ekuitas/modal yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan laba sangat rendah
EVALUATION OF YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF SEVERAL ECOTYPES OF CORNELIAN CHERRY (Cornus mas L.) IN POLISH CONDIOTIONS
Authors: Szot Iwona , Lipa Tomasz , Sosnowska Bożena
Published: February 2020

Cornelian cherry is a little-known plant that can be grown in Poland both on a commercial and amateur scale. The commercial cornelian cherry plantations should be established using selected cultivars or vegetatively propagated valuable ecotypes, as only this guarantees a uniform yield, maturation and standardization of fruit quality. The experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015 in the private plantation of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) located in Dąbrowica, near Lublin (22.454 N; 51.270 E). The subject of the research were ecotypes No.: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15 obtained as seedlings in 1998. Cornelian cherry plants obtained from seeds differed very much in the yield and quality of fruit. The fruit characteristics for the examined ecotypes ranged to 1.63–2.21 g for fruit weight, 1.30–1.61 for fruit shape index, 10.13–15.32% for content of stone, 17.85–22.68% for soluble solids content (SSC), 2.32–3.0% for titratable acidity (TA), 6.59–8.36 for SSC/TA, 54.9–75.97 for vitamin C content. Among the ecotypes studied in terms of external fruit features, ecotypes No. 3 and 4 were distinguished due to the largest fruits (mass and diameter) and relatively small share of the stone in the whole mass of the fruit. However, due to the chemical composition, the fruits of ecotype No. 5 were distinguished by the content of extract, extract to acids ratio, sugar, dry matter, anthocyanins and vitamin C content. These fruits enjoyed 55% strong acceptability among adults. The indicated ecotypes can be used in breeding as well as in nursery for obtaining valuable varieties of cornelian cherry for production in Poland.
DEHYDRIN PROFILES OF SOME IRANIAN MELON VARIETIES (Cucumis melo L. Merr) UNDER DROUGHT STRE SS CONDITIONS
Authors: Motallebi-Azar Alireza , Papp István , Szegő Anita
Published: February 2020

Dehydrins are proteins that play a role in the mechanism of drought tolerance. This study aimed at establishing dehydrin profile and accumulation in four local melon varieties of Iran: Mino, Dargazi, Saveii, and Semsori, as well as in a commercial variety Honeydew. Plants were treated with drought stress by adjusting the soil water content to 75, 50, 40, 30 and 20% of field capacity (FC) by withholding water. Water status of plants was monitored based on the seedling fresh weight (FW) and relative water content of leaves (RWC). Total protein content was extracted, then heat-stable protein (HSP) fraction was isolated for each variety and water stress treatment. After SDS-PAGE of HSP, Western blotting analysis was carried out with Anti-dehydrin rabbit (primary) and Goat anti rabbit (secondary) antibodies. ANOVA results showed that with decreasing FC below 75%, FW and RWC decreased, but these changes significantly varied among genotypes. On the basis of FW and RWC data under different drought stress treatments, the following drought-tolerant ranking was established: Mino > Dargazi > Saveii and Honeydew > Semsori, from tolerant to sensitive order. Results of Western blot analysis showed that expression of some proteins with molecular weights of 19–52 kDa was induced in the studied varieties under drought stress (% FC). Expression level of the dehydrin proteins in different varieties was variable and also depending on the drought stress level applied. However, dehydrin proteins (45 and 50 kDa) showed strong expression levels in all varieties under severe drought stress (20% FC). The abundance of dehydrin proteins was higher in tolerant varieties (Mino and Dargazi) than in moderate and drought sensitive genotypes. Consequently, dehydrins represent a potential marker for selection of genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance.
NARASI TENTANG KEBUDAYAAN BADUY DI TIGA LEMBAGA KEBUDAYAAN
Authors: Hendrik Herman
Published: February 2020

Tulisan ini membahas tentang narasi yang disajikan oleh tiga lembaga yang merepresentasikan kebudayaan Banten dalam rangka merepresentasikan kebudayaan Baduy, suatu komunitas adat yang hidup di wilayah Banten. Lembaga-lembaga tersebut yaitu Anjungan Provinsi Banten di Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Museum Negeri Provinsi Banten, dan Museum Situs Kepurbakalaan Banten Lama. Narasi tentang kebudayaan Baduy dalam hal ini dipahami sebagai cara-cara yang ditempuh oleh masing-masing lembaga untuk bercerita tentang atau mendeskripsikan kebudayaan Baduy. Kajian mengenai hal ini penting mengingat komunitas Baduy merupakan salah satu elemen yang membentuk masyarakat dan kebudayaan Banten. Hal yang membuat diskusi lebih menarik yaitu bahwa komunitas Baduy merupakan minoritas di Banten, baik dalam hal jumlah maupun kebudayaan, tetapi menjadi salah satu ikon dari kebudayaan Banten. Mereka minoritas dalam segi jumlah karena mereka memang komunitas yang menghuni suatu wilayah kecil di wilayah Kabupaten Lebak. Dalam segi kebudayaan, status minoritas mereka dapat dilihat setidaknya dari dua hal, yaitu kepercayaan (baca: agama) dan tradisi. Komunitas Baduy menganut kepercayaan Sunda Wiwitan, yang tentu saja berbeda dengan mayoritas masyarakat Banten yang beragama Islam. Sementara itu, secara tradisi, komunitas Baduy masih menjalani cara hidup warisan leluhur secara ketat, pengaruh modernisme masih relatif kecil dalam kehidupan mereka. Dalam konteks seperti itu, menarik untuk memahami bagaimanakah lembaga-lembaga yang bertugas merepresentasikan kebudayaan Banten bernarasi tentang kebudayaan Baduy. Penelitian untuk tulisan ini dilakukan di Anjungan Provinsi Banten TMII, Museum Negeri Provinsi, dan Museum Banten Lama pada bulan Mei tahun 2018. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu pengamatan terhadap berbagai objek/koleksi museum yang dijadikan representasi kebudayaan Baduy.
CAGAR BUDAYA SANG PENUTUR MASA SILAM CULTURAL HERITAGE THE TELLER OF THE PAST
Authors: Sutaba I Made
Published: February 2020

Archaeological researches in Indonesia have discovered a number of various historical and archaeological artifacts that belong to cultural heritage. As historical evidences, this cultural heritage is an important source of the plural information and messages of the past life of our society. It is remarkable that this cultural heritage has some problems for example problem of typology, function, meanings, and the other for the society. Studying the problems, it is interesting to do research on its function as a teller of the past history that contained various aspects of the life of our society that not yet studied until today. By learning the problems, this research goal is to find the answer of the problems. To reach this goal, we do this research gradually by collecting data through literature study and field observation along with interviews. The next step is analysis carried out through methods of typology analysis, contextual, functional analysis, ethno archaeological and ethno historical approach. Finally the result showed that the function of our cultural heritage is as teller of the many-sided aspects of the past history of our artifacts such as technological aspects, social, and religious aspects but it is impossible to get full completed information due to some reasons. Keywords: archaeological and historical artifacts, cultural heritages, teller of the past. Â AbstrakPenyelidikan arkeologi di Indonesia sudah berhasil menemukan artefak sejarah dan arkeologi yang beraneka ragam, yang tergolong sebagai warisan budaya. Sebagai bukti-bukti sejarah, warisan budaya ini adalah sumber informasi dan pesan-pesan kehidupan masyarakat masa lalu yang bersifat pluralistik. Menarik perhatian, bahwa warisan budaya ini mempunyai permasalahan yaitu, permasalahan tipologi, fungsi dan makna dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Mempelajari masalah ini, sangat menarik untuk melakukan penelitian mengenai fungsinya sebagai penutur sejarah masa silam, yang mengandung aneka ragam, aspek kehidupan masyarakat, yang belum dikaji sampai sekarang. Dengan mencermati permasalahan ini, maka tujuan penelitian ini, adalah untuk meneliti permasalahan tadi. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, penulis melakukan penelitian secara bertahap melalui pengumpulan data dengan metode kajian pustaka dan observasi lapangan yang disertai dengan wawancara. Langkah selanjutnya, adalah melakukan analisis dengan analisis tipologi, kontekstual, analisis fungsional, pendekatan etnoarkeologi dan etnohistori. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cagar budaya itu berfungsi sebagai penutur kehidupan masa silam yang mengandung aspek yang bersfiat jamak, adalah aspek teknologi, sosial dan religi, tetapi tidak mungkin untuk mendapat informasi yang lengkap karena berbagai faktor.Kata kunci: peninggalan sejarah dan purbakala, warisan budaya, penutur masa silam.
POSTURE ANALYSIS APBD AND EDUCATION APBD IN KOTA KUPANG
Authors: Habaora Fellyanus
Published: February 2020

This research uses an ex post facto design because researchers only took data from the Education Budget from in 2013-2019 which was subsequently concluded to be a conclusion. This research uses data collection with documentation techniques. Information can be obtained through facts stored in the form of documents. This research was conducted for 6 months, namely January-June 2019. Posture of APBD in Kota Kupang shows two different paradigms, namely the period 2013-2016 shows the proportion for indirect expenditure (apparatus expenditure) is higher than direct expenditure (expenditure for the public), while the 2017-2019 period shows that direct expenditure on society is greater than indirect expenditure for apparatus. Then the posture APBD of Education for the period 2013-2017 shows that alignments government to expenditure public are still very weak because indirect expenditure is greater than direct expenditure, but the period 2013-2017 showed a significant increase in direct expenditure compared to indirect expenditure. Likewise, the commitment of Kota Kupang Government to the implementation of the National Education System Law shows that the support Kota Kupang Government in the 2013-2017 period against the provisions Law tends to weaken because of the proportion of the education budget from the total APBD in decreased significantly from 42.36% to 25.75%. While the 2017-2019 period shows the existence of the government's partiality towards the world of education where Kota Kupang Government in addition to increasing the direct expenditure budget that oriented to reduce the burden on the households of its population also increases the education budget posture from 25.75% to 29.56%. In general, factors of leadership and commitment to development of public welfare have more influence on the preparation of budget postures in APBD Kota Kupang.
Technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne a kształcenie geograficzne... w zreformowanej szkole
Authors: Świętek Agnieszka , Zarychta Roksana , Struś Paweł
Published: February 2020

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są technologie informacyjno-komunikacyjne (TIK) w kształceniu geograficznym według nowej podstawy programowej z 2017 roku (Rozporządzenie Ministra Edukacji Narodowej…, 2017). Na potrzeby analizy możliwości wykorzystania technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych w szkole, opracowano pięć modeli dotyczących włączania TIK do praktyki szkolnej. Od najprostszych modeli, które polegają na wyszukiwaniu materiałów dydaktycznych na lekcje geografii w Internecie przez nauczyciela, po najbardziej zaawansowane – związane z obecnością TIK podczas całego procesu kształcenia. Każdy kolejny model charakteryzuje się coraz większym zaangażowaniem nauczycieli i uczniów w wykorzystywaniu TIK w praktyce szkolnej. Z analizy nowej podstawy programowej do geografii wynika, że zarówno w szkole podstawowej, jak i ponadpodstawowej wybrane treści powinny być realizowane z wykorzystaniem technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych. Przedstawione w opracowaniu przykłady darmowych narzędzi TIK („Worldometers”, „Gry geograficzne. Graj i poznawaj świat”, „Kineticcity”, „Ventusky”, „LearningApps” oraz „Scholaris”) stanowią doskonałe środki dydaktyczne. Ułatwiają uczniowi lepiej zrozumieć różne, czasami złożone zagadnienia geograficzne.
Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang Muda (Areca catechu)
Authors: Lilyawati Sega Ade , Fitriani Nurul , Prasetya Fajar
Published: February 2020

Thrush is an oral disease caused by bacterial and fungal infections. Treatment for this disease can be done by administering drugs that contain antimicrobial compounds. This study aims to test the ethanol extract of young areca nut against bacteria and fungi that cause Oral thrush. Young betel nut extract is obtained through maceration process using 96% ethanol. Then the activity of the Streptococcus sanguis bacteria and Candida albican fungus was tested. This test used the well method which was carried out on 5 variations of the concentration of young areca nut extract (2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; 10% and 15%) with one negative control (Na CMC). The results of the antimicrobial activity of young areca nut extract showed that young areca nut extract can inhibit Streptococcus sanguis bacteria with inhibition value are  (9,961; 11,319; 13,390; 14,184; 14,704 mm) and Candida albican fungus are (7,482; 10,923; 14,695; 15,742; 17,325 mm) on 5 variations of the concentration.
Ekstraksi Polifenol Total dari Daun Kadamba (Mitragyna Speciosa Korth.) Menggunakan Malic Acid-Glucose Based Microwave Assisted Extraction
Authors: Yusniah Andi , Nur Yuspian , Ahmad Islamudin
Published: February 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the use of malic acid-glucose based microwave assited extraction (MAE) methods on total polyphenol extraction from kadamba leaves (Mitragyna Speciosa Korth). Samples that have been dried in the extraction using solvents (green solvent) Malic Acid-Glucose with a ratio of 1: 1 and 1: 3 g/g in several conditions including, microwave strength 50% for 10 minutes with a sample ratio and a solvent of 1:10 g/mL. Then the extract solution obtained was measured in total polyphenol levels using the folin ciocalteu (FC) reagent and the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 791 nm using a UV-vis spectrophotometer. Based on the results of the study obtained levels of polyphenols from each condition of the solvent used is 258mg GAE/g sample (1:1 g/g solvent) and 292mg GAE /g sample (1: 3 g / g solvent). From this study it can be concluded that the method of malic acid-glucose based microwave assited extraction can be used to extract polyphenol compounds from Kadamba leaves quickly, easily and efficiently.
Analisis Keselamatan Jalan Pada Tikungan Berdasarkan Jari-jari dan Kemiringan Melintang Tikungan
Authors: Widianty Desi , Rohani Rohani , Karyawan IDM Alit
Published: February 2020

Jari-jari dan kemiringan melintang tikungan merupakan faktor penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan lalu lintas bila tidak sesuai dengan standar. Ruas jalan Mataram-Senggigi-Pemenang yang menghubungkan antara kota Mataram menuju Pantai Senggigi dan Gili Trawangan banyak dijumpai tikungan tajam dan tanjakan yang tinggi. Tikungan tajam akan mengurangi jarak pandangan pengemudi dan menimbulkan gaya sentrifugal yang besar. Oleh karena itu lokasi ini perlu dilakukan analisis keselamatan terutama pada daerah tikungan yaitu mengetahui besarnya peluang terjadi kecelakaan dan menentukan kategori resiko kecelakaan  ditinjau dari jari-jari dan kemiringan melintang tikungan dan selanjutnya dijadikan dasar untuk melakukan penanganan. Parameter yang digunakan meliputi jari-jari tikungan dan kemiringan melintang jalan. Besarnya jari-jari tikungan di lapangan diperoleh dari gambar situasi jalan hasil survay topografi, kemiringan melintang jalan diperoleh dari perbedaan elevasi sisi jalan  serta data kecelakaan kecelakaan yang terjadi pada lokasi penelitian.  Analisis data berupa analisis jari-jari tikungan, kemiringan melintang jalan, dampak keparahan korban kecelakaan, defisiensi, peluang kecelakaan, kategori resiko kecelakaan lalu lintas. Hasil penelitian didapatkan  bahwa, tikungan yang berada di sepanjang ruas jalan Mataram-Senggigi-Pemenang sebesar 92,85% memiliki jari-jari tikungan yang berpeluang terjadi kecelakaan antara 10 – 15 kali per tahun. Sebanyak 71,43% tikungan termasuk kategori sangat berbahaya yaitu Batu Layar (STA 6+400), Batu Bolong (STA7+600), Senggigi Sunset (STA 11+100), Puri Permata (STA 12+900), Sebelum Jembatan (STA 15+600), Setelah Jembatan (STA 15+900), Villa Hantu (STA 18+400), Sebelum Malimbu (STA 18+700), Amarsvati (STA 21+500), dan Nipah (STA 24+000). Akibat faktor kemiringan melintang jalan terdapat 14,29% tikungan berpeluang terjadi kecelakaan kurang dari 3 kali per tahun serta hanya tikungan Amarsvati (STA 21+500) termasuk kategori cukup berbahaya dan yang lainnya aman. Beberapa solusi untuk mengurangi peluang dan resiko kecelakaan adalah memperbesar jari-jari tikungan, memasang cermin tikungan, rambu pembatas kecepatan, rambu adanya tikungan tajam, lampu penerangan dan guardrail. Khusus tikungan Setelah Malimbu dan Amarsvati juga perlu menaikkan elevasi jalan dari sisi dalam tikungan sehingga kemiringan melintang dibawah 10 %. Dari 14 tikungan yang ditinjau secara rata-rata memiliki nilai resiko sebesar 305.71 dengan kategori bahaya, dimana perlu penanganan teknis yang terjadwal maksimum 2 bulan sekali sejak hasil audit disetujui.
Keterampilan Literasi Sains Peserta Didik dengan Model Pembelajaran Reading, Questioning, and Answering (RQA) dalam Pembelajaran Biologi
Authors: Hidayahtika Fitri , Suprapto Purwati Kuswarini , Hernawati Diana
Published: February 2020

Keterampilan literasi sains tetap menjadi tantangan utama untuk ditingkatkan melalui model pembelajaran yang aktif. Model pembelajaran RQA (reading, questioning, and answering) merupakan model pembelajaran aktif yang menekankan pada kegiatan membaca, bertanya, dan menjawab pertanyaan yang diharapkan akan mampu meningkatkan keterampilan literasi sains. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh model RQA terhadap peningkatakan keterampilan literasi sains peserta didik pada materi sel. Penelitian eksperimen semu ini menggunakan model rancangan penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Penelitian dilakukan di salah satu SMAN di Kota Tasikmalaya yang merupakan sekolah rujukan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini yaitu Model RQA dan variabel terikat yaitu keterampilan literasi sains peserta didik. Populasi seluruh kelas XI MIPA tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan data minat baca dari GLS, sehingga dapat ditentukan dua kelas sebagai kelas penelitian dengan perlakuan eksperimen dan kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen tes keterampilan literasi sains. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Uji t dua sampel independent, menyatakan thitung > ttabel yaitu 3,985 > 1,997, menyimpulkan terdapat pengaruh peningkatan keterampilan literasi sains dengan menggunakan model RQA.Kata Kunci: keterampilan literasi sains; peserta didik; RQA
Penyimpanan Bakteri Escherichia coli Dan Streptococcus pneumonie Pada Media Cryoprotective Dengan Metode Freeze Drying
Authors: Supriatin Yati Supriatin , Fadhilah Fitri Fadhilah , Sumirat Vanessa Ayu
Published: February 2020

Proses perbanyakan dan penyimpanan bakteri menjadi hal yang harus diperhatikan karena cara penyimpanan sangat terkait dengan perubahan sifat bakteri yang disimpan. Di Laboratorium, kultur bakteri murni dipindahkan dengan metode subkultur. Kekurangan subkultur� berulang adalah memakan waktu, beresiko kontaminasi dan mutasi genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan penyimpanan bakteri jangka panjang yang aplikatif di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi serta menentukan jenis Cryoprotectan Agent yang dapat mempertahankan viabilitas sel Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus pneumonie dengan metode Freeze Drying. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan menambahkan Skim Milk 10% dan gliserol 10% sebagai Cryoprotectan Agent pada pelet sel Escherichia coli dan Streptococcus pneumonie dengan metode Freeze Drying. Digunakan kontrol tanpa penambahan Cryoprotectan Agent dengan metode Freeze Drying dan kontrol tanpa penambahan Cryoprotectan Agent� yang disimpan dalam refrigator (non Freeze Drying) kemudian jumlah koloni bakteri dihitung setelah masa simpan 2,4,6 minggu.Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh diolah secara statistik menggunakan metode statistik non parametrik kruskal wallis . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Skim Milk 10% mampu mempertahankan viabilitas Sel Escherichia coli dengan persentase penurunan viabilitas paling rendah yaitu 4,2%, namun� jenis Cryoprotectan agent metode Freeze Dry belum mampu mengawetkan dan mempertahankan viabilitas sel Streptococcus pneumonie.Kata Kunci: Cryoprotectan Agent; Cell viability; Escherichia coli;, Streptococcus pneumonie; Freeze ��Drying
States are Governed by Judicial Laws
Authors: Leps Ando
Published: February 2020

Habilitated Doctor of Law, Professor Ando Leps in his article addresses the fact that countries are governed by judicial laws. Codified judicial acts and laws, according to the author’s pessimistic estimations, halt the degradation of the countries and societies, if such “stopping is ever possible”. Legal regulation is potentially belated since the nature and natural resources have been abused and destroyed over a period of time.

Habilitētais tiesību zinātņu doktors profesors Ando Leps savā rakstā pievērš uzmanību tam, ka valstis pārvalda tiesiskie akti. Kodificētie tiesiskie akti un likumi, pēc autora pesimistiskā viedokļa, bremzē valstu un sabiedrības degradāciju, ja vien “to vispār ir iespējams nobremzēt”. Tiesiskā regulācija, iespējams ir novēlota, jo daba un dabas resursi ilgu laiku ir tikuši noziedzīgi izmantoti un iznīcināti.
Balık kılçığı yutulmasına bağlı özofagus perforasyonu ve akut mediastinit
Authors: ESME Hıdır , ATEŞ Arif
Published: February 2020

Yabancı cisim yutulması yetişkinlerde çocuklara göre nadirdir. Yabancı cisim yutulması vakaların yüzde 95'inde tesadüfidir ve genellikle yemekle ilgilidir (Balık ve tavuk kemiği, kürdan vb.). Yutulan yabancı cisimlerin çoğu müdahaleye gerek kalmadan mideye iner (%80 ila 90). Endoskopik girişim hastaların yüzde 10 ila 20'sinde, cerrahi girişim ise yüzde 1'inden daha azında gereklidir. Bu yazıda, balık kılçığı yutan bir hastada gelişen özofagus perforasyonu ve akut mediastinit tablosunu sunduk. Özofagus perforasyonu ve akut mediastinitle komplike olan balık kılçığı aspirasyonu hayatı tehdit edici bir tablodur. Tedavi edilmeyen ya da tedavisi geciken vakalarda ciddi morbidite ve mortalite ile karşılaşılmaktadır.
Low Temperature Platinum Chemical Vapor Deposition on Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Salazar Bryan G. , Liu Hanwen , Walker Amy V. , McElwee-White Lisa
Published: February 2020

The reaction pathways of Pt CVD using (COD)PtMe2-xClx (x = 0, 1, 2) have been investigated on functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as models for organic substrates. In the presence of 1,4-cyclohexadiene, a well-known alkyl radical trap, Pt deposition was increased by up to 10-fold creating a room-temperature effective Pt CVD process.

This article has been submitted to the Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films.
Synthesis of Structurally Controlled, Highly Branched Polymethacrylates) by Radical Polymerization Through the Design of a Monomer Having Hierarchical Reactivity
Authors: Yamago Shigeru , Lu Yangtian
Published: February 2020

The controlled synthesis of highly branched (HB) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with a molecular weight of up to 88 × 103 gmol and low dispersity (Ð < 2.0) was achieved by the radical copolymerization of vinyltelluride, H2C=CHTePh (4cD), and MMA in the presence of the organotellurium chain transfer agent 6cI at 30 °C. Control of the branching structure was suggested by the Mark-Hauwink-Khun-Sakurada plots corresponding to samples in solution and trapped ion mobility spectroscopy-time of flight mass spectrometry in the gas phase. The mechanism of 4cD for the structural control of HB-PMMA synthesis comes from the hierarchical reactivity of the C-Te bond of 4cD, which serves as the branching point only after 4cD reacts and is incorporated into the polymer chain. In contrast, copolymerization using previously reported vinyltellurides 4aA (H2C=C(Me)TeMe) and 4aB (H2C=C(Me)-CH=CHTeMe) could not control the branching structure due to the b-carbon fragmentation reaction from the intermediate radicals generated from 4aA and 4bB. The theoretical calculations suggest that the suppression of the undesired fragmentation reaction when using 4cD is due to the acceleration of the desired propagation reaction forming a branched structure instead of decelerating the fragmentation reaction. Due to the versatility of radical polymerization, methacrylates with bulky substituents, such as t-butyl methacrylate, and polar functional groups, such as N,N-dimethylethyl methacrylate (DMAEM), were also used as monomers to afford structurally controlled corresponding HB polymers. These studies clearly open a new possibility for the use of HB polymers in macromolecular engineering.
Highly Basic Solid Catalyst Obtained by Spray Drying of a NaAlO2 and Boehmite Suspension for the Upgrading of Glycerol to Acetins
Authors: Ramesh Sreerangappa , Amoura Makhlouf , Debecker Damien
Published: February 2020

In here, we present the low-cost production of NaAlO2-Al2O3 catalysts, which exhibit high activity in the transesterification of methyl acetate with glycerol to obtain acetins. The catalyst preparation procedure is based on the spray drying of a colloidal boehmite suspension, supplemented with a sodium aluminate (NaAlO2) solution using a pilot scale spray drier. Upon subsequent calcination, we obtain spherical micro particles presenting a homogeneous dispersion of sodium aluminate and featuring high basicity. The NaAlO2 loading has a marked impact on the basicity and textural properties of the final materials. These solids are found to be efficient heterogeneous base catalysts for the upgrading of glycerol (which is essentially a waste) to glycerol acetins (which are important bio-based fuel additives). With 100 mg of the catalyst loaded with 20 wt.% of NaAlO2, a conversion of 96 % is obtained after 4 h of reaction at 60 °C (10 mmol of glycerol + 100 mmol of methyl acetate). Importantly, the selectivity for triacetin is as high as 20 % (the rest being 50 % of diacetin and 30 % of monoacetin). The catalysts act strictly in a heterogeneous way and are recyclable.
Green Reconstruction of MIL-100 (Fe) in Water for High Crystallinity and Enhanced Guest Encapsulation
Authors: Souza Barbara , Moslein Annika , Titov Kirill , Taylor James D. , Rudic Svemir , Tan Jin-Chong
Published: February 2020

MIL‑100 (Fe) is a highly porous and environmentally friendly metal‑organic framework (MOF) considered as a promising carrier for drug delivery, and for gas separation and capture applications. However, this functional material suffers from elaborated and toxic synthesis that may hinder its biomedical use and large‑scale production to afford commercial applications. Herein, we report a ‘green’ mechanochemical water immersion approach to yield highly crystalline MIL‑100 (Fe) material. Subsequently, we have harnessed this strategy for facile fabrication of guest@MOF composite systems, comprising (guests) 5‑fluorouracil, caffeine, or aspirin encapsulated in the pores of (host) MIL‑100 (Fe). Inelastic neutron scattering was uniquely used to probe the guest‑host interactions arising from pore confinement of the drug molecules, giving additional insights into the reconstruction mechanism. Our results pave the way to the green production of MIL‑type materials and bespoke guest-encapsulated composites for biotechnological applications.
Viral Marketing – Strategies For Business Promotion
Authors: Esther Silvia  , S. Rabiyathul Basariya
Published: February 2020

Viral advertising utilizes electronic interchanges to trigger brand messages all through a far reaching system of purchasers. The procedure is regularly depicted as an arbitrary ground-up wonder over which advertisers have little control. In any case, an examination of fruitful viral showcasing cases distinguishes various procedures supporting this disordered wonder, giving knowledge into how advertisers can utilize it to position their brands, change their picture, and increment selection rates. With the development and advancement of the Web, electronic associate - to – peer referrals have turned into a critical wonder, and advertisers have attempted to abuse their potential through viral showcasing effort. In the meantime, spam and email based infections have jumbled electronic correspondences, making viral showcasing effort tricky and testing to convey. In this paper, the scientist attempted to distinguish the cause of viral showcasing, viral advertising in India, its significance, its components, focal points and inconveniences of viral showcasing and viral promoting methodologies to advance the business.
Relationship Of Intellectual Capital To Dynamic Capabilities In Village Credit Institutions
Authors: Gine Das Prena  , Ketut Tanti Kustina
Published: February 2020

The focus and point of view on this study was the ability of organizational resources (research Base Value/RBV). It was related how the dynamic capability of an organization, especially the village credit institution from the intellectual capital perspective. This research was conducted to get a new update on how the unique configuration of intellectual capital can enhance the ability of companies to empower their dynamic capabilities in order to win the market for the micro finance sector in Bali. In order to identify and formulate the relationship between human capital, social capital, and organizational capital to dynamic capabilities.

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