bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-flow nasal cannula therapy as apneic oxygenation during endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jhou Hong-Jie , Chen Po-Huang , Lin Chin , Yang Li-Yu , Lee Cho-Hao , Peng Chung-Kan
Published: February 2020

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the clinical efficacy of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy as apneic oxygenation in critically ill patients who require endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit (ICU). This systematic review and meta-analysis included six randomized controlled trials and a prospective study identified in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science until August 18, 2019. In this meta-analysis including 956 participants, HFNC was noninferior to standard of care during endotracheal intubation regarding incidence of severe hypoxemia, mean lowest oxygen saturation, and in-hospital mortality. HFNC significantly shortened the ICU stay by a mean of 1.8 days. In linear meta-regression interaction analysis, the risk ratio of severe hypoxemia decreased with increasing baseline partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio. In subgroup analysis, HFNC significantly reduced the incidence of severe hypoxemia during endotracheal intubation in patients with mild hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2> 200 mmHg; risk difference, −0.06; 95% confidence interval, −0.12 to −0.01; number needed to treat = 16.7). In conclusion, HFNC was noninferior to standard of care for oxygen delivery during endotracheal intubation and was associated with a significantly shorter ICU stay. The beneficial effect of HFNC in reducing the incidence of severe hypoxemia was observed in patients with mild hypoxemia.
Author Correction: Systematic evaluation and optimization of the experimental steps in RNA G-quadruplex structure sequencing
Authors: Yeung Pui Yan , Zhao Jieyu , Chow Eugene Yui-Ching , Mou Xi , Hong HuiQi , Chen Leilei , Chan Ting-Fung , Kwok Chun Kit
Published: February 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Downstream Environmental Assessment
Authors: Lokesh K. , Clark J. , Mathuru A.
Published: February 2020

Ever-increasing demand for biobased products in the market and the prevalence of an instinctive perception of biobased products with 100% sustainability has led to a need for policy makers to identify ways of mapping the associated concerns, benefits and opportunities. The aim of this study is to propose and test the effectiveness of a sustainability assessment methodology that incorporates the principles of sustainable consumption and production (Sustainable Development Goal 12), resource efficiency and circular economy into a holistic life cycle assessment to enable a fairer comparison of biobased products and fossil-based products. A set of hybridised indicators were developed combining life cycle indicators with that of industrially-applied green chemistry resource efficiency metrics, also incorporating the principles of circular economy. The effectiveness of these methodologies was assessed via an exemplary comparative LCA of the biobased products and their fossil-based commercial equivalents, from manufacturing to ‘distribution to consumer’ phases. In addition to the conventional LCA-based impact indicators, hybridised indicators including waste factor, secondary resource efficiency and circularity were also applied. The methodologies provided a unique dimension to the sustainability evaluation of biobased products, also highlighting some of the “easy to interpret” impacts, particularly waste generation, material and energy efficiency of the product and process in question.
Optical nanosensors forin vivophysiological chloride detection for monitoring cystic fibrosis treatment
Authors: Di Wenjun , Clark Heather A.
Published: February 2020

Endogenous chloride fluctuations were successfully monitored in real-time using optode-based nanosensors during pharmacological treatment in a cystic fibrosis mouse model.
A facile strategy based on the metal-free design of carbon to deliver an insight into the active sites for liquid phase carbocatalysis
Authors: Wu Shuchang , Pan Xiaoli , Xu Shutao , Lin Yangming , Yan Hua , Wen Guodong , Diao Jiangyong , Liu Hongyang
Published: February 2020

An effective approach based on the metal-free design of a carbon catalyst was developed to study the active sites for some carbon catalyzed reactions.
Isomeric difference in the crystalline-state chemiluminescence property of an adamantylideneadamantane 1,2-dioxetane with a phthalimide chromophore
Authors: Matsuhashi Chihiro , Ueno Takuya , Uekusa Hidehiro , Sato-Tomita Ayana , Ichiyanagi Kouhei , Maki Shojiro , Hirano Takashi
Published: February 2020

Crystalline-state chemiluminescence of 1,2-dioxetane isomers showed contrastive luminescence and reaction properties depending on the crystal-structural characteristics.
Phase selection of calcium carbonate crystals under the induction of lignin monomer model compounds
Authors: Hu Huifeng , Zhang Yong , Zhang Xiumei , Deb Hridam , Yao Juming
Published: February 2020

The formation and application of ‘cinnamic acid & CaCO3 crystals’ (CACs) induced by a lignin monomer compound.
Hydrothermal epitaxy growth of self-organized vanadium dioxide 3D structures with metal–insulator transition and THz transmission switch properties
Authors: Makarevich A. , Makarevich O. , Ivanov A. , Sharovarov D. , Eliseev A. , Amelichev V. , Boytsova O. , Gorodetsky A. , Navarro-Cía M. , Kaul A.
Published: February 2020

The hydrothermal method is an effective approach for the synthesis of VO2 films with unique crystallites morphology and sharp electrical and optical switch properties.
Desorption products during linear heating of copper zeolites with pre-adsorbed methanol
Authors: Wang Xueting , Arvidsson Adam A. , Skoglundh Magnus , Hellman Anders , Carlsson Per-Anders
Published: February 2020

Study of desorption products from Cu-zeolites (MFI and CHA) during methanol-TPD using a chemical flow reactor with a gas phase FTIR spectrometer.
Metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Ziaur , Kibria Md Golam , Mullins Charles Buddie
Published: February 2020

This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest progress, challenges and recommended future research related to metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen productionviawater-splitting.
Recent progress, challenges, and prospects of fully integrated mobile and wearable point-of-care testing systems for self-testing
Authors: Shrivastava Sajal , Trung Tran Quang , Lee Nae-Eung
Published: February 2020

POCT systems have been developed toward new form factors as wearable and mobile POCT. New advancements in these POCT systems may provide self-testing capability for on-the-spot diagnosis and monitoring to facilitate rapid treatment decisions.
Fine-tuning of the substrate binding mode to enhance the catalytic efficiency of anortho-haloacetophenone-specific carbonyl reductase
Authors: Li Aipeng , Li Xue , Pang Wei , Tian Qing , Wang Ting , Zhang Lianbing
Published: February 2020

Fine-tuning of the substrate binding mode was successfully applied for enhancing the catalytic efficiency of anortho-haloacetophenone-specific carbonyl reductase.
Normal to abnormal ItBu·AlH3isomerization in solution and in the solid state
Authors: Chernysheva Anna M. , Weinhart Michael , Scheer Manfred , Timoshkin Alexey Y.
Published: February 2020

The first example of solid state normal to abnormal NHC complex isomerization is reported.
Retrospective on microbial transformations of halogenated organics
Authors: McCarty P. L. , Criddle C. S. , Vogel T. M.
Published: February 2020

Prior to the 1960s, knowledge of biological transformations of highly halogenated aliphatic compounds was limited, except in mammalian organisms where enzymatic transformations occurred to rid the body of ingested harmful chemicals.
Amine functionalised silicon nanocrystals with bright red and long-lived emission
Authors: Morselli Giacomo , Romano Francesco , Ceroni Paola
Published: February 2020

We provide a new synthetical route to obtain colloidally stable bright red and long-lived emitting silicon nanocrystals functionalised with amines.
1H-NMR based metabolomics reveals the nutrient differences of two kinds of freshwater fish soups before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Cao Qiongju , Liu Huili , Zhang Gaonan , Wang Xiaohua , Manyande Anne , Du Hongying
Published: February 2020

Soups show diverse health functions, which could be linked to their original nutrient profiles and metabolites derived from digestion.
Hybrid alginate–protein cryogel beads: efficient and sustainable bio-based materials to purify immunoglobulin G antibodies
Authors: Sharma Mukesh , Tavares Ana Paula M. , Nunes João C. F. , Singh Nripat , Mondal Dibyendu , Neves Márcia C. , Prasad Kamalesh , Freire Mara G.
Published: February 2020

Bio-based and low-cost hybrid alginate–protein cryogel beads, which can be regenerated and reused, are efficient adsorbent materials for the purification of IgG from human serum.
Selenium deficiency exacerbates LPS-induced necroptosis by regulating miR-16-5p targeting PI3K in chicken tracheal tissue
Authors: Wang Lanqiao , Shi Xu , Zheng Shufang , Xu Shiwen
Published: February 2020

Multiple tissue necrosis is one of the morphological features of selenium deficiency-mediated injury. MicroRNA (miRNA) participates in the occurrence and development of necroptosis by regulating target genes. Necroptosis is a programmed form of necrosis, and it is closely related to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced injury. Our aim was to investigate whether Se deficiency can promote tracheal injury caused by LPS through miRNA-induced necroptosis. By establishing models of tracheal injury in Se-deficient chickens, we verified the targeting relationship between chicken-derived miR-16-5p and PI3K through bioinformatics, qRT-PCR and WB analyses, and we measured the changes in the expression of genes related to the PI3K/AKT pathway, RIP3/MLKL pathway and MAPK pathway and of heat shock proteins. Under the condition of Se deficiency, the following results were observed: PI3K/AKT expression decreased with the upregulation of miR-16-5p, the expression of necroptosis-related factors (TNF-α, RIP1, FADD, RIP3 and MLKL) increased, and the expression of Caspase 8 significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Light microscopy observations indicated that cell necrosis was the main pathological change due to Se deficiency injury in the tracheal epithelium. The MAPK pathway was activated, and HSP expression was upregulated, indicating that the MAPK pathway and HSPs are both involved in Se deficiency-mediated necroptosis. In addition, Se deficiency promoted the expression of necroptosis-related genes in LPS-treated chickens (p < 0.05), and the pathological changes of cell necrosis were more obvious. In conclusion, we demonstrated that Se deficiency regulates the miR-16-5p-PI3K/AKT pathway and exacerbates LPS-induced necroptosis in chicken tracheal epithelial cells by activating necroptosis-related genes.
DNA-mediated biomineralization of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Yu Xinsheng , Hu Lianzhe , Wang Guixia , Huang Ting , Wei Weili , Wang Min , Xia Zhining
Published: February 2020

A random DNA duplex was utilized as the biotemplate to mediate the biomineralization of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite with osteoconductive properties.
Hypoglycemic effects of phenolic compound-rich aqueous extract from water dropwort (Oenanthe javanicaDC.) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: He Shudong , Tang Mingming , Zhang Zuoyong , Liu Haiyan , Luo Mingfeng , Sun Hanju
Published: February 2020

Phenolic compounds in water dropwort aqueous extract were identified, and the IRS-2/PI3K-AKT pathway and GLUT4 translocation were regulated for hypoglycemic action.
An anti-pressure, fatigue-resistant and rapid self-healing hydrogel based on a nano-micelle assembly
Authors: Shao Zhiang , Cheng Weimin , Hu Xiangming , Zhao Yanyun , Wang Peng , Wu Mingyue , Xue Di , Hou Jiaoyun , Bian Susu
Published: February 2020

A trace amount of acetic acid can cause DMC-NaSS micelles to split, resulting in the formation of a novel self-healing hydrogel.
Recent advances in printable thermoelectric devices: materials, printing techniques, and applications
Authors: Hossain Md Sharafat , Li Tianzhi , Yu Yang , Yong Jason , Bahk Je-Hyeong , Skafidas Efstratios
Published: February 2020

Additive printing as a low-cost and efficient fabrication technique for thermoelectric device is reviewed targeting the application of energy harvesting from human body.
First-principles study of coadsorption of Cu2+ and Cl− ions on the Cu (110) surface
Authors: Khoo Khoong Hong , Srinivasan Bharathi Madurai , Hariharaputran Ramanarayan , Joshi Chaitanya Amol , Tai-Yen David Wu , Jin Hongmei
Published: February 2020

Free energy of adsorption for the most stable phases predicted by DFT calculations as a function of electrode potential.
Unravelling the effect of the E545K mutation on PI3Kα kinase
Authors: Galdadas Ioannis , Gervasio Francesco Luigi , Cournia Zoe
Published: February 2020

The mechanism by which the cancer-causing E545K mutation may lead to PI3Kα activation is described in atomic-level detail.
Linking peel and tack performances of pressure sensitive adhesives
Authors: Pandey Vivek , Fleury Antoine , Villey Richard , Creton Costantino , Ciccotti Matteo
Published: February 2020

The performances of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives are generally evaluated combining tack, peel and shear tests. Using an instrumented peel test, we can link the peel and tack performances based on the identification of the pertinent strain rates.
Self-assembly of isomeric naphthalene appended glucono derivatives: nanofibers and nanotwists with circularly polarized luminescence emission
Authors: Liu Zongwen , Jiang Yuqian , Jiang Jian , Zhai Donghua , Wang Decai , Liu Minghua
Published: February 2020

Two isomers of naphthalene derivatives are self-assembled into nanofibers and nanotwists with CPL emission, respectively.
Synergistic effect of organic plasticizer and lepidolite filler on polymer electrolytes for all-solid high-voltage Li–metal batteries
Authors: Wang Bo , Wu Yanchao , Zhuo Shuming , Zhu Shaolong , Chen Yuan , Jiang Cheng , Wang Chengliang
Published: February 2020

Synergistic effect of organic plasticizer and lepidolite filler on polymer electrolytes enables high performance all-solid high-voltage Li–metal batteries.
Spatiotemporal neocartilage growth in matrix-metalloproteinase-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels under dynamic compressive loading: an experimental and computational approach
Authors: Schneider Margaret C. , Lalitha Sridhar Shankar , Vernerey Franck J. , Bryant Stephanie J.
Published: February 2020

A combined experimental and computational approach shows rapid ECM growth in cell clusters with load-induced differences impacting the gel to tissue transition.
Au–Hg/rGO with enhanced peroxidase-like activity for sensitive colorimetric determination of H2O2
Authors: Kong Fen-Ying , Yao Lei , Lu Xin-Yang , Li Heng-Ye , Wang Zhong-Xia , Fang Hai-Lin , Wang Wei
Published: February 2020

Au–Hg/rGO is applied as a novel nanozyme to construct a sensitive sensing platform for the colorimetric determination of H2O2.
A micro-environment tuning approach for enhancing the catalytic capabilities of lanthanide containing polyoxometalate in the cyanosilylation of ketones
Authors: Nie Yan-Mei , Li Sang-Hao , Lin Ming-Yuan , Yan Jun
Published: February 2020

A polyoxometalate molecule based catalyst manifested the highest catalytic activities, and the catalytic activities improved greatly through micro-environment tuning.
Interrelation of thermodynamic sublimation characteristics with crystal structure: adamantane and memantine derivatives of sulfonamide molecular crystals
Authors: Perlovich German L. , Volkova Tatyana V.
Published: February 2020

A number of sulfonamide compounds with adamantane (tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]decane) and memantine (3,5-dimethyladamantan-1-amine) fragments have been synthesized and characterized.
A multiple hydrogen-bonded three-dimensional supramolecular architecture composed of a unique three-fold interlocked anionic Zn(ii)-coordination architecture
Authors: Ke Hua , Chen Qi-Hua , Liao Jian-Zhen , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: February 2020

A multiple hydrogen bonded 3D supramolecular architecture composed of interlocked anionic Zn(ii)-coordination architecture possesses two kinds of distinct cavities in the interlocked positions and between adjacent self-knitting layers respectively.
Effects of boron defects on mechanical strengths of TiB2 at high temperature: ab initio molecular dynamics studies
Authors: Zhang Shuchao , Sun Hong
Published: February 2020

We report ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on diffusions of boron interstitials in TiB2 that cause deterioration of its mechanical strength by reducing interactions between deformed boron layers and nearby Ti-layers at elevated temperatures.
Influence of an external electric field on the deprotonation reactions of an Fe3+-solvated molecule: a reactive molecular dynamics study
Authors: Gao Qiaofeng , Han Yong , Liang Pengyuan , Meng Jie
Published: February 2020

An EEF can promote deprotonation reactions of Fe3+using associated methods of MD simulations and experiments.
The durability of carbon nanotubes in the selective reduction of nitrobenzene
Authors: Guo Zhenzhen , Zheng Nuoyi , Zhang Liyun , Xia Zhijun , Wang Dehua , Shen Jianfen , Yan Hua , Wu Shuchang , Liu Hongyang
Published: February 2020

The evolution of surface oxygenated groups plays an important role in the durability of CNTs in nitrobenzene reduction.
Haber-independent, diversity-oriented synthesis of nitrogen compounds from biorenewable chitin
Authors: Pham Thuy Trang , Chen Xi , Söhnel Tilo , Yan Ning , Sperry Jonathan
Published: February 2020

A chitin-sourced 3-aminocyclopentenone building block is an effective platform for the diversity-oriented synthesis of nitrogen compounds in processes independent of Haber ammonia.
Visible-light-induced controlled radical polymerization of methacrylates mediated by zirconium-porphryinic metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Zhang Ye , Chen Dashu , Guo Zhifen , Wei Zihao , Zhang Xiucheng , Xing Hongzhu
Published: February 2020

Visible-light-induced controlled radical polymerization of methacrylates by using zirconium-porphryinic metal–organic frameworks.
Synthesis of naphtho[1′,2′:4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Rh(iii)-catalyzed C–H functionalization of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with cyclic 2-diazo-1,3-diketones featuring with a ring opening and reannulation
Authors: Li Bin , Shen Nana , Yang Yujie , Zhang Xinying , Fan Xuesen
Published: February 2020

An unprecedented synthesis of functionalized naphtho[1′,2′:4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via rhodium-catalyzed cascade reactions of 2-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carbaldehydes with cyclic α-diazo-1,3-diketones is presented.
Novel organic–inorganic hybrid powder SrGa12O19:Mn2+–ethyl cellulose for efficient latent fingerprint recognitionviatime-gated fluorescence
Authors: Lai Jun'an , Long Zhangwen , Qiu Jianbei , Zhou Dacheng , Wang Qi , Yang Yong , Hu Songhan , Wang Zhe , Zhang Ke
Published: February 2020

A easy and efficient strategy for latent fingerprints recognition was developed by this work.
Ni-mediated reactions in nanocrystalline diamond on Si substrates: the role of the oxide barrier
Authors: Tulić Semir , Waitz Thomas , Romanyuk Oleksandr , Varga Marián , Čaplovičová Mária , Habler Gerlinde , Vretenár Viliam , Kotlár Mário , Kromka Alexander , Rezek Bohuslav , Skákalová Viera
Published: February 2020

Nanocrystalline diamond films grown on Si/native oxide substrates were subjected to Ni-mediated graphitization. Transmission electron microscopy study revealed crystals of NiSi2 and SiC across the carbon/silicon interface in addition.
Two-dimensional boron monochalcogenide monolayer for thermoelectric material
Authors: Mishra Pushkar , Singh Deobrat , Sonvane Yogesh , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: February 2020

We have investigated the electronic structure, vibrational and transport properties of boron chalcogenide BX (X = S, Se, Te) materials, which may have potential applications in high-performance thermoelectric devices.
Melting and solid–solid transitions of two-dimensional crystals composed of Janus spheres
Authors: Huang Tao , Han Yilong , Chen Yong
Published: February 2020

A solid–solid transition is found in 2D Janus colloidal crystal in which particles rotate collectively but keep the lattice structure.
Direct micro-scale monitoring of molecular aggregation, its growth and diffusion via aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Jyothi Mane , Annadhasan Mari , Vinay Pradeep Vuppu , Chandrasekar Rajadurai
Published: February 2020

Time-dependent monitoring of aggregation-induced fluorescence of a model compound unearth hitherto unknown molecular level events such as the onset of molecular aggregation, their growth, size, and diffusion dynamics.
Unraveling nanoscale electrochemical dynamics of graphite fluoride by in situ electron microscopy: key difference between lithiation and sodiation
Authors: Wang Jianlin , Sun Muhua , Liu Yu , Lin Jinfang , Wang Lifen , Xu Zhi , Wang Wenlong , Yuan Zhongzhi , Liu Jincheng , Bai Xuedong
Published: February 2020

In situ TEM studies unravel a mechanistically distinct two-stage discharge mechanism for graphite fluoride (CFx) nanosheets upon electrochemical lithiation.
Unexpected red emission from Cs4PbI6 nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Nianqiao , Sun Ruijia , Wang Liangling , Ji Yanchen , Li Ning , Cao Bingqiang , Zhang Yuhai
Published: February 2020

The red emission of Cs4PbI6 zero-dimensional perovskite is found heterogeneous between individual particles, yet exhibits an enhanced stability towards both anion exchange reaction and photo radiation than CsPbI3.
Long-term electrocatalytic N2 fixation by MOF-derived Y-stabilized ZrO2: insight into the deactivation mechanism
Authors: Luo Shijian , Li Xiaoman , Wang Mingyuan , Zhang Xu , Gao Wanguo , Su Senda , Liu Guiwu , Luo Min
Published: February 2020

A MOF-derived carbon/Y-stabilized ZrO2 nanocomposite (C@YSZ) works as an efficient and long-term electrocatalyst for N2 fixation.
Predicting Intelligibility Deficits in Parkinson's Disease With Perceptual Speech Ratings
Authors: Chiu Yi-Fang , Neel Amy
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This study investigated whether perceptual ratings of speech parameters were predictive of transcription intelligibility in quiet and in noise for speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Method

Ten speakers with PD and five healthy controls read 56 sentences. One group of 60 listeners orthographically transcribed the sentences in quiet, and another group of 60 listeners transcribed in noise. An additional 23 listeners judged a variety of speech parameters, including articulation, prosody, resonance, voice quality, and ease of understanding on a visual analog scale. Scores of the visual analog scale ratings were regressed against transcription intelligibility in quiet and in noise.

Results

Perceptual ratings of all the speech parameters were lower for speakers with PD. Global speech understanding, indexed by ease of understanding ratings, was associated with transcription intelligibility in quiet and in noise with a stronger effect in noise. Among the rated speech parameters, ease of understanding and voice quality ratings were significant predictors of speech intelligibility in noise.

Conclusions

Speech in individuals with PD was more difficult for listeners to understand and was characterized by deficits in articulation, prosody, resonance, and voice quality compared to normal speech produced by healthy older adults. Ease of understanding ratings, even when performed in quiet, predicted intelligibility in noise. Poor voice quality ratings in PD, a sign of phonatory deficit, had a negative impact on intelligibility in noise for speakers with PD.
Adversarial examples detection through the sensitivity in space mappings
Authors: Li Xurong , Ji Shouling , Ji Juntao , Ren Zhenyu , Wu Chunming , Li Bo , Wang Ting
Published: February 2020

Adversarial examples (AEs) against deep neural networks (DNNs) raise wide concerns about the robustness of DNNs. Existing detection mechanisms are often limited to a given attack algorithm. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a robust detection approach that remains effective for a large group of attack algorithms. In addition, most of the existing defences only perform well for small images (e.g. MNIST and Canadian institute for advanced research (CIFAR)) rather than large images (e.g. ImageNet). In this paper, the authors propose a robust and effective defence method for analysing the sensitivity of various AEs, especially in a much harder case (large images). Their method first creates a feature map from the input space to the new feature space, by utilising 19 different feature mapping methods. Then, a detector is learned with the machine‐learning algorithm to recognise the unique distribution of AEs. Their extensive evaluations on their proposed detector show that their detector can achieve: (i) low false‐positive rate (<1%), (ii) high true‐positive rate (higher than 98%), (iii) low overhead (<0.1 s per input), and (iv) good robustness (work well across different learning models, attack algorithms, and parameters), which demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed detector in practise.
Multi‐mode human–machine cooperative control for lane departure prevention based on steering assistance and differential braking
Authors: Wang Huiran , Wang Qidong , Chen Wuwei , Tan Dongkui , Zhao Linfeng
Published: February 2020

Both steering assistance and differential braking have an irreplaceable advantage for man–machine cooperative control of lane departure prevention. To realise the human–machine cooperative control of lane departure prevention with minimal human–machine conflict, a multi‐mode human–machine cooperative control algorithm based on steering assistance and differential braking is proposed. Taking the longitudinal velocity and road curvature as input and considering the driver torque, the fuzzy controller used to determine the virtual lane boundary is designed. The control system is divided into the driver control mode, the steering assistance cooperative control mode and the differential braking cooperative control mode by the driver state and the virtual lane boundary width. Next, the model predictive controller is developed to determine the front steering angle in the steering assistance cooperative mode and the additional yaw moment in the differential braking cooperative mode, respectively. Finally, the active disturbance rejection controller is used to determine the assistance torque, and single rear wheel brake control strategy is developed to calculate the wheel braking force. The effectiveness of the proposed multi‐mode human–machine cooperative control algorithm is evaluated with numerical simulation and experiments on a human‐in‐the‐loop platform.
A new method of red mud recycling in the process of hot metal pretreatment
Authors: Zhang Bo , Liu Chengjun , Jiang Maofa
Published: February 2020

To realize a large-scale consumption of red mud in the steelmaking industry, a new recycling method was investigated through the pre-reduction roasting experiment and the slag-metal interaction experiment simulating the hot metal pretreatment process in the steelmaking industry. In virtue of the sensible heating of the hot metal and the reducibility of [C] and [Si], the iron could be separated and recovered from the pre-reduced red mud pellets into the hot metal directly with a recovery rate exceeding 75%. With the composition adjustment of the residual oxides in the pre-reduced red mud (PRRD) using CaO and Al2O3 or aluminium dross (AD), a slag having a low melting point (below 1300 °C) and a high sulfide capacity (lgCS = −2.3) was formed, and more than 94% of [S] in the hot metal could be removed into this slag through the slag-metal interaction. The desulfurization efficiency of the flux (PRRD-CaO–Al2O3; PRRD-CaO–AD) is approximate to the traditional desulfurizing flux (CaO–CaF2). The advantages of this method are summarized as the low energy cost and the slag valorization.
Influence of Revision Surgeries and Revision Rate on Quality Indicators in Certified Centres for Joint Replacement (EndoProthetikZentren)
Authors: Osmanski-Zenk Katrin , Klinder Annett , Haas Holger , Mittelmeier Wolfram
Published: February 2020

Background The annual report of EndoCert publishes the results of the quality indicators (QI) and key figures of all certified centres for joint replacement (EndoProthetikZentren – EPZ). For some results it seems that centres with fewer revisions might have higher complication rates. However, to avoid misinterpretation the results have to be evaluated in more detail. The influence of the quantity of the revisions or the revision quotient on the quality of outcome was investigated.

Material and Methods This study included all certified EPZ and centres of excellence for joint replacement (EPXmax) (n = 492) and evaluated the data from 2016. Centres beyond the action limit were identified with the help of funnel plots and a confidence limit of 99.7% as action limit. Additionally data of the quality indicators were analysed with ANCOVA. The level of significance was p < 0.05.

Results The comparison by ANCOVA with number of revisions as co-variate showed no differences in the complication rates when related to the quantity of revisions. When considering a so called revision quotient (ratio of revision to all joint replacements) significant differences in the rate of fractures and fissures as well as in mortality for hip replacements and also in mortality for knee replacements were observed.

Conclusion EPZ with fewer revisions do not have higher complication rates than centers with high numbers of revisions. Thus, the quantity of revisions has no influence on the quality of the outcome, considering that on the basis of the data of the EndoCert system no risk adjustment of patient-specific data was performed. Therefore the revisioin quotient of an EPZ shows that quantity is not equal with quality.
Die Bedeutung der niedrig dosierten Radon-Speläo- und Balneotherapie in der Behandlung von rheumatischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Ritter Markus , Gaisberger Martin
Published: February 2020

Die niedrig dosierte Radon-Balneo- und Speläotherapie sind seit langem als effiziente Behandlungsformen etabliert und haben sich als therapeutische Optionen bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen bewährt. Radon ist ein natürlich vorkommendes radioaktives Edelgas, das in der Lage ist, analgetische und entzündungshemmende Wirkungen zu erzielen. Die Behandlung kann in Form von Bädern, im Dunstbad oder in einem Heilstollen erfolgen. Die Wirksamkeit ist empirisch und durch klinische Studien belegt. Eine Besonderheit ist die ausgesprochene Nachhaltigkeit der erzielten Verbesserungen, die zumeist über viele Monate anhalten. Dies trifft für den Schmerz, aber auch die Gelenkfunktion, die Lebensqualität und den reduzierten Schmerzmittelbedarf zu. Zudem mehren sich die Studien, welche die molekularen, zellulären und systemischen Wirkungen der Niedrigdosis-Radontherapie offenlegen und diese in einen (patho)physiologisch-klinischen Kontext setzten. Wenn auch die therapiebedingte Strahlenbelastung gering ist, kann ein kanzerogenes Risiko nach derzeitigem Wissensstand nicht explizit ausgeschlossen werden. Strenge ärztliche Indikationsstellung und eine Nutzen-Risiko-Abwägung sind daher unabdingbar.
Evaluation of the Effects of Peritoneal Lavage with Rosmarinus officinalis Extract against the Prevention of Postsurgical-Induced Peritoneal Adhesion
Authors: Roohbakhsh Yasamin , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Silakhori Samaneh , Rajabi Hamed , Rahmanian-Devin Pouria , Samzadeh-Kermani Alireza , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Hasanpour Maede , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Mousavi Seyed Hadi , Askari Vahid Reza
Published: February 2020

Postoperative adhesions are regarded as the major complication following abdominal surgery. Rosmarinus officinalis has shown antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we aimed to assess the influence of 70% v/v hydro-ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of R. officinalis against postoperative abdominal adhesions in a rat model. Forty-eight male Wistar rats (190 ± 20 g) were divided into six groups of eight: group 1 = normal group, without any surgical procedures, group 2 = control group, group 3 = vehicle group, and groups 3, 4, and 5 = experimental groups receiving 2 mL of 4, 2, or 1% w/v R. officinalis treatment. Adhesion levels were macroscopically examined. Additionally, the levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and TNF-α), growth factors (transforming growth factor-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor), oxidative (NO, nitric oxide and MDA, malondialdehyde), and antioxidative (GSH, glutathione) factors were evaluated. Our results revealed that the adhesion score, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, NO, and MDA levels were significantly increased in the vehicle group, while the GSH level was diminished. R. officinalis treatment notably ameliorated the adhesion score following postoperative abdominal adhesions compared with the vehicle group. Our results also revealed that R. officinalis markedly reduced inflammatory cytokines, oxidative factors, fibrosis, and angiogenesis biomarkers, whereas it increased the antioxidative factor. Therefore, R. officinalis may be a potential candidate for the management of postoperative peritoneal adhesion.
Synthesis of Novel Glycosyl Carbamo(dithioperoxo)thioate Derivatives
Authors: Misra Anup Kumar , Gucchait Arin , Ghosh Sritin
Published: February 2020

A straightforward, one-pot reaction procedure is developed for the synthesis of novel glycosylated carbamo(dithioperoxo)thioate derivatives via N-iodosuccinimide (NIS)-mediated condensation of different glycosyl thiols, carbon disulfide (CS2) and various amines. The reactions occur rapidly and afford good to high yields of the corresponding products.
Convenient Synthesis of Furo[3,2-b]quinolin-4(1H)-ones
Authors: Králová Veronika , Soural Miroslav , Horák Radim , Hradil Pavel
Published: February 2020

In this work, we report the simple synthesis of furo[3,2-b]quinolin-4(1H)-ones from readily available 4-ethynyl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-c]quinolone as the key starting material. After Sonogashira (hetero)arylation, formation of the furoquinoline scaffold was accomplished using methanesulfonic acid and metal-free conditions. Although the cyclization was affected by the substitution of reaction intermediates, the method allowed the preparation of derivatives varying at the C3-position.
Laboratory Tests for the Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile
Authors: Carroll Karen C. , Mizusawa Masako
Published: February 2020

Clostridium (reclassified as “Clostridioides”) difficile is an anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium that causes significant disease through elaboration of two potent toxins in patients whose normal gut microbiota has been altered through antimicrobial or chemotherapeutic agents (dysbiosis). The optimum method of laboratory diagnosis is still somewhat controversial. Recent practice guidelines published by professional societies recommend a two-step approach beginning with a test for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), followed by a toxin test and/or a nucleic acid test. Alternatively, in institutions where established clinical algorithms guide testing, a nucleic acid test alone is acceptable. Nucleic acid tests are the methods of choice in approximately 50% of laboratories in the United States. These tests are considered as the most sensitive methods for detection of C. difficile in stool and are the least specific. Because of the lower specificity with nucleic acid tests, some clinicians believe that toxin enzyme immunoassays are better predictors of disease, despite their known poor performance in certain patient populations. This review will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the currently available test methods for the diagnosis of C. difficile with a brief mention of some novel assays that are currently in clinical trials.
Global existence of weak solutions to 3D compressible primitive equations with degenerate viscosity
Authors: Wang Fengchao , Dou Changsheng , Jiu Quansen
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we investigate the compressible primitive equations (CPEs) with density-dependent viscosity for large initial data. The CPE model can be derived from the 3D compressible and anisotropic Navier–Stokes equations by hydrostatic approximation. Motivated by the work of Vasseur and Yu [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 48, 1489–1511 (2016); Invent. Math. 206, 935–974 (2016)], in which the global existence of weak solutions to the compressible Navier–Stokes equations with degenerate viscosity was obtained, we construct approximate solutions and prove the global existence of weak solutions to the CPE in this paper. In our proof, we first present the vertical velocity as a function of density and horizontal velocity, which plays a role in using the Faedo–Galerkin method to obtain the global existence of the approximate solutions. Then, we obtain the key estimates of lower bound of the density, the Bresch–Desjardins entropy on the approximate solutions. Finally, we apply compactness arguments to obtain global existence of weak solutions by vanishing the parameters in our approximate system step-by-step.
Experimental investigation of buffer traps physical mechanisms on the gate charge of GaN-on-Si devices under various substrate biases
Authors: Yang Wen , Yuan Jiann-Shiun
Published: February 2020

The gate charge change (ΔQg) of GaN-on-Si power devices subjected to different substrate biases has been investigated. On-wafer pulse-mode voltage stress measurement is examined to probe the physical insight of different trap mechanisms into Qg characteristics. Distinct injected electrons interacting with the buffer traps lead to a significant decrease (increase) in Qg under negative (positive) substrate bias. Different levels of degradation on ΔQgd to ΔQgs after stress under negative and positive substrate biases indicate uneven distribution of acceptor-like traps and uniform distribution of donor-like traps in the GaN buffer level. Using Arrhenius plots associated with the ΔQg shift, three dominant buffer traps with activation energies of EV + 0.542 eV, EC −0.604 eV, and EC −0.608 eV are extracted.
Higher-order Darboux transformations and Wronskian representations for Schrödinger equations with quadratically energy-dependent potentials
Authors: Schulze-Halberg Axel
Published: February 2020

We construct higher-order Darboux transformations for Schrödinger equations with quadratically energy-dependent potentials. Similar to the case of conventional Darboux (also known as supersymmetric) transformations, both the solutions and the potentials of transformed equations are expressed through Wronskians. We discuss properties of our Darboux transformations and provide an application.
Stability diagrams, defect tolerance, and absorption coefficients of hybrid halide semiconductors: High-throughput first-principles characterization
Authors: Li Yuheng , Maldonado-Lopez Daniel , Ríos Vargas Valeria , Zhang Jingning , Yang Kesong
Published: February 2020

On the basis of the screened 29 hybrid halide compounds from our prior study [Y. Li and K. Yang, Energy Environ. Sci. 12, 2233–2243 (2019)], here, we reported a systematic computational study of the stability diagram, defect tolerance, and optical absorption coefficients for these candidate materials using high-throughput first-principles calculations. We took two exemplary compounds, MA2SnI4 and MA3Sb2I9, as examples to show the computational process, and they are discussed in detail. This work is expected to provide a detailed guide for further experimental synthesis and characterization, with the potential to develop novel lead-free optoelectronic devices.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of cubic stabilization of instability of an interface in surface wave motion
Authors: Jamali Mirmosadegh , Behzadi Sima , Safaie Ammar , Fazeli Meysam
Published: February 2020

Motivated by recent laboratory and field observations, this paper reports the first quantitative measurements of the stabilization phase of interfacial instability in a two-layer fluid in surface wave motion. The instability results from the formation of a resonant triad between the surface wave and noise-level sub-harmonic interfacial waves. To exclude the effects of interfacial mixing on the interaction, the experiments were carried out with immiscible fluids. Carrying out a resonant interaction analysis to the third order of nonlinearity using a Lagrangian formulation, we also show for the first time that the three-wave resonance is inherently accompanied by a harmonic four-wave resonant interaction among the interfacial waves. Omitting the four-wave resonant interaction terms from the analysis results in over-prediction of the final amplitude of the interfacial waves by a factor greater than 2. The theoretical predictions are well-supported by the experiments.
Good advice for endothelial cells: Get in line, relax tension, and go
with the flow
Authors: Kaunas Roland
Published: February 2020

Endothelial cells (ECs) are continuously subjected to fluid wall shear stress (WSS) and cyclic strain caused by pulsatile blood flow and pressure. It is well established that these hemodynamic forces each play important roles in vascular disease, but their combined effects are not well understood. ECs remodel in response to both WSS and cyclic strain to align along the vessel axis, but in areas prone to atherogenesis, such an alignment is absent. In this perspective, experimental and clinical findings will be reviewed, which have revealed the characteristics of WSS and cyclic strain, which are associated with atherosclerosis, spanning studies on whole blood vessels to individual cells to mechanosensing molecules. Examples are described regarding the use of computational modeling to elucidate the mechanisms by which EC alignment contributes to mechanical homeostasis. Finally, the need to move toward an integrated understanding of how hemodynamic forces influence EC mechanotransduction is presented, which holds the potential to move our currently fragmented understanding to a true appreciation of the role of mechanical stimuli in atherosclerosis.
Non-Hermitian approach for quantum plasmonics
Authors: Cortes Cristian L. , Otten Matthew , Gray Stephen K.
Published: February 2020

We examine the limits of applicability of a simple non-Hermitian model for exciton/plasmon interactions in the presence of dissipation and dephasing. The model can be used as an alternative to the more complete Lindblad density matrix approach and is computationally and conceptually simpler. We find that optical spectra in the linear regime can be adequately described by this approach. The model can fail, however, under continuous optical driving in some circumstances. In the case of two quantum dots or excitons interacting with a plasmon, the model can also describe coherences and entanglement qualitatively when both dissipation and dephasing are present and quantitatively in the limit with no dephasing. The approach, within a single excitation manifold, is also applied to assess the role of disorder for 50 quantum dots interacting with a plasmon, where we find that, on average, large enough disorder can help stabilize the ensemble average of the open quantum system toward a dark quasi-steady-state much faster than without disorder. While such single excitation manifold calculations in this size limit can readily be done with either the non-Hermitian or Lindblad forms, as one goes to larger Hilbert space sizes, the computational and storage advantages of the non-Hermitian approach can become more useful.
Evidence for neutrals carrying ion-acoustic wave momentum in a partially ionized plasma
Authors: Sharma Meenakshee , Patel A. D. , Shaikh Zubin , Ramasubramanian N. , Ganesh R. , Chattopadhayay P. K. , Saxena Y. C.
Published: February 2020

An experimental study of Ion Acoustic (IA) wave propagation is performed to investigate the effect of neutral density for Argon plasma in an unmagnetized linear plasma device. The neutral density is varied by changing the neutral pressure, which, in turn, allows the change in ion-neutral, and the electron-neutral collision mean free path. The collisions of plasma species with neutrals are found to modify the IA wave characteristics such as the wave amplitude, the velocity, and the propagation length. Unlike the earlier reported work where neutrals tend to heavily damp the IA wave in the frequency regime ω<νin (where ω is the ion-acoustic mode frequency and νin is the ion-neutral collision frequency), the experimental study of the IA wave presented in this paper suggests that the collisions support the wave to propagate for longer distances as the neutral pressure increases. A simple analytical model is shown to qualitatively support the experimental findings.
Large-eddy simulation study of Reynolds number effects on the flow around a wall-mounted hemisphere in a boundary layer
Authors: Cao Yong , Tamura Tetsuro
Published: February 2020

Large-eddy simulations were used to investigate unsteady flows around a wall-mounted hemisphere as the Reynolds number (Re, based on the diameter of the hemisphere D) increased from 7 × 104 to 7 × 105. The hemisphere was immersed in a low-turbulence-intensity boundary layer with a thickness of δ/D = 0.5. Strong Re dependence was confirmed to be present even for the flow around a wall-mounted obstacle after systematic examination of aerodynamic forces, local pressures, and flow structures. Drag and lift crises were observed simultaneously, with the critical Re noted at approximately 3 × 105. As with circular cylinders and spheres, a laminar-turbulent transition and induced flow separation delay were observed in the supercritical Re regime. Flow separation occurred on the sides of the body later than on the top, regardless of whether Re was subcritical or supercritical. The spatial and temporal features of flow structures at different scales were described in detail based on the present high-resolution simulations. The coexistence of lateral oscillations and arch-type vortex shedding occurred throughout the subcritical and supercritical Re range. However, both of these motions diminished in scale and strength at supercritical Re. Flow motion frequencies were also quantified. The frequency ratio of arch vortex shedding to lateral oscillation was approximately 4 at subcritical Re but decreased to 3 at supercritical Re.
Unusual anisotropic thermal expansion in multilayer SnSe leads to positive-to-negative crossover of Poisson's ratio
Authors: Zhang Rui-Zi , Liu Jian , Zhang Yu-Yang , Du Shixuan , Pantelides Sokrates T.
Published: February 2020

Monolayer SnSe has been predicted to exhibit an unusual anisotropic thermal expansion—when heated, the long lattice parameter contracts, while the short one expands, resulting in a rectangular-to-square-lattice phase transformation at a critical temperature (Tc). Here, we employ density-functional-theory calculations to demonstrate an even more notable thermal-expansion behavior of SnSe from monolayer to bulk. We find that the unusual thermal expansion persists in multilayers, while the coefficients of thermal expansion of different numbers of layers are almost identical. This behavior results from a delicate interplay between the elastic stiffness coefficient and Grüneisen parameters. Finally, we find that the Poisson's ratio of multilayer SnSe, which is positive at T=0 K, gets smaller with increasing temperature and even turns negative, signaling a zero Poisson's ratio at a particular temperature. Overall, the present results provide another perspective in understanding the unusual thermal properties of monochalcogenides.