bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
USO DO NITRATO DE POTÁSSIO NO TRATAMENTO DA HIPERSENSIBILIDADE DENTINÁRIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors:   Universidade de Pernambuco, Arruda Héberte de Santana , Lemos Mariana Alves ,   Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, Mecozzi Marcella Lydia Parente ,   Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, de Farias Zilda Betânia Barbosa ,   Universidade de Pernambuco, do Prado Amanda Maciel ,   Universidade de Pernambuco, Montes Marcos Antonio Japiassú Resende ,   Universidade de Pernambuco
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária com agentes dessensibilizantes a base de Nitrato de potássio. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico do período de 2003 a 2019 nas bases de dados PubMed e Scielo. Foram utilizadas as palavras chaves em português “Desmineralização” “Hipersensibilidade da Dentina” e “Nitrato de Potássio” e as correspondentes em inglês, “Demineralization” “Dentin Sensitivity” e “Potassium Nitrate”. A literatura apontou que o nitrato de potássio atua aumentando a concentração de íons potássio na extremidade interna dos túbulos dentinários em nível suficiente para inativar às terminações nervosas da polpa. Isto provocou a despolarização das fibras nervosas, apresentando ação mais rápida e duradoura quando comparado a outros agentes dessensibilizantes. Dentifrícios a base de KNO3 sozinho ou combinados com outros componentes mostraram-se capazes de tratar de maneira eficaz a hipersensibilidade dentinária. As formas de incorporação do nitrato de potássio mais frequentes são através de dentrifícios e colutórios bucais onde a posologia que mais apresentou resultados satisfatórios para o uso dos mesmos no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária foi a associação da escovação e enxágue, respectivamente, duas vezes ao dia durante dois minutos. Todos os agentes dessensibilizantes a base de nitrato de potássio analisados no presente estudo foram capazes de tratar de maneira eficaz a hipersensibilidade dentinária.
MAXILLARY ANTROSTOMY BY CALDWELL-LUC APPROACH: CASE REPORT
Authors:   Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil., Fialho Priscila Vital , Silva Larissa Oliveira Ramos ,   Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil., Varela Dimas Albertiny Barradas de Sousa ,   Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil., Bezerra Rafael Macedo ,   Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil., Padilha Walter Suruagy Motta ,   Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil., Seixas Alexandre Martins ,   Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
Published: March 2021

Although well reported in the literature, endoscopic antrostomy cannot provide full access to the maxillary sinus, a fact that raises some controversy about its extension. Caldwell-luc access antrostomy has been performed for more than 120 years, under general or local anesthesia, managing to ensure greater visibility of the area being explored. A 40-year-old female patient attended the maxillofacial service of the Hospital do Oeste - Barreiras (BA) for evaluation. She claims to be suffering from chronic sinusitis for approximately one year after undergoing endodontic treatment, with constant nasal obstruction on the right side and failing to reach a considerable improvement with the medication use. The proposed treatment was the maxillary antrostomy with Caldwell-luc approach, under general anesthesia, followed by the installation of a rigid drain for direct irrigation in the maxillary sinus through an opening in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity on the affected side. Caldwell-luc approach is a classic procedure in the literature and has remained as a hegemonic surgical technique for the treatment of sinusitis until functional endoscopic surgery has emerged, which has made a less invasive technique possible. However, the advances in endoscopic surgery find a barrier in the limitation of the area accessed by this type of procedure. Despite the possible complications regarding the technique, the Caldwell-luc approach remains as a plausible method for the treatment of maxillary sinus morbidities.
HEPATOESPLENOMEGALIA BY HEPATOSPLENIC GAMMA DELTA T-CELL LYMPHOMA - CASE REPORT
Authors:   Rede de Assitência à Saúde Metropolitana, Piccinato Lucas Garcez Novaes , de Jesus Isabela Pereira Almeida ,   Hospital Memorial Uningá, Dutra Fernando de Oliveira ,   Hospital Memorial Uningá, Lopes Tiago Negrão ,   Rede de Assitência à Saúde Metropolitana, Vriesmann Eduarda Belasque ,   UNINGÁ - Centro Universitário Ingá, de Almeida Natália Cesário ,   UNINGÁ - Centro Universitário Ingá, Bonadiman Adorísio ,   UNINGÁ - Centro Universitário Ingá
Published: March 2021

Este relato descreve um caso de linfoma hepatoesplênico de células T gama delta (LHCTGD), uma neoplasia rara e de rápida progressão, derivada principalmente de células T citotóxicas. O pico de incidência é em adultos jovens, na faixa etária de vinte a vinte e cinco anos, sendo mais prevalente no sexo masculino. Clinicamente os pacientes podem apresentar dor abdominal, fraqueza, hepatoesplenomegalia e trombocitopenia acentuada, além de sintomas sistêmicos e ausência de linfadenopatia. Na avaliação bioquímica é possível observar: aumento das transaminases e da fosfatase alcalina, anemia, pancitopenia e o aumento do nível de lactato desidrogenase. No que se refere ao tratamento, ainda são necessários mais estudos, atualmente, dispomos desde procedimentos cirúrgicos (esplenectomia) até esquemas quimioterápicos e transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas. Este relato traz o caso de um paciente de 24 anos, do sexo masculino diagnosticado com linfoma hepatoesplênico de células T gama delta e também uma revisão de literatura realizada sobre o tema.
RECANALIZATION OF THE PAROTID DUCT WITH CATHETER AFTER PERFORATING TRAUMA BY A FOREIGN BODY
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Ricken Carla Militão , Feltrin Guilherme Paladini ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, de-Peder Silvia Natália Souza ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Iwaki Filho Liogi ,   Universidade Estadual de Maringá
Published: March 2021

A obstrução e lesão de ductos salivares por corpos estranhos são incomuns. As formas mais comuns de trauma do ducto parotídeo ocorrem devido a objetos pontiagudos e, mesmo que não sejam frequentes, essas lesões devem ser diagnosticadas e tratadas de forma precoce a fim de evitar problemas secundários. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso clínico de diagnóstico e tratamento bem sucedido de lesão perfurante em ducto parotídeo, causada por corpo estranho. Paciente do sexo masculino e 34 anos compareceu ao Hospital Universitário de Maringá relatando trauma intraoral do lado direito com palito de madeira. Após exame clínico verificou-se a presença de um corpo estranho na região da mucosa jugal direita e lesão do ducto parotídeo. O objeto foi removido cirurgicamente e conduziu-se a recanalização do ducto com cateter de silicone. O paciente compareceu ao retorno de sete dias com a cânula em posição, sem sinais de infecção e com drenagem ativa de saliva. A utilização do cateter de silicone foi uma alternativa viável na reconstrução do ducto parotídeo após trauma perfurante por corpo estranho.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF AMATEUR ATHLETES WITH VISUAL DISORDERS
Authors:   Universidade da Amazônia, da Silva Lilian Madorra , de Moraes Luanne Santos ,   Universidade da Amazônia, da Silva Paola Larissa Amador ,   Universidade da Amazônia, da Silva Elenilma Barros ,   Universidade da Amazônia
Published: March 2021

Deficiente visual é o nome dado à pessoa que possui cegueira ou baixa visão. Essa deficiência pode trazer consigo limitações que provocam dependência para locomover-se, executar tarefas e alimentar-se, levando assim a uma maior exposição aos alimentos processados e ultraprocessados, mais práticos e ricamente calóricos, podendo caracterizar o comportamento alimentar desses indivíduos, uma vez que comportamento alimentar é um conjunto de ações que se associam desde o momento em que se escolhe o alimento até oconsumo do mesmo, relacionando-se a tudo que está envolvido nesse processo. Com o objetivo de avaliar o comportamento alimentar de atletas amadores com deficiência visual de um clube esportivo em Belém/PA, utilizou-se questionário de avaliação socioeconômica, história clínica, comportamento alimentar do participante e foram feitas associações estatísticas por meio do Teste de Fisher. Participaram da pesquisa 11 atletas deficientes visuais, na faixa etária de 25 a 54 anos. A principal prática alimentar observada foi comer mais do que deveria além da insatisfação com o próprio corpo. Os maiores obstáculos encontrados para práticas alimentares saudáveis foram: publicidade, oferta, preço dos alimentos saudáveis, falta de companhia, dependência e falta de autonomia. Já os principais aspectos que facilitariam escolhas saudáveis são: se os alimentos saudáveis fossem mais práticos, atraentes e saborosos, estivessem mais disponíveis em casa e se os participantes não dependessem de ninguém. Sendo assim, os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a deficiência visual influencia o comportamento alimentar de deficientes visuais.
Relação entre o risco coronariano e capacidade para atividades da vida diária
Authors: Cardoso Bruna Ferreira , Oliveira Renata Aparecida Rodrigues de , Maffia Roseny Maria , Lobato Liana do Vale Reis , Oliveira Aline Toledo de , Lavorato Victor Neiva
Published: March 2021

O estudo teve como objetivo relacionar o risco coronariano com a capacidade para atividades da vida diária (AVDs) em idosas praticantes de hidroginástica. A pesquisa foi realizada com idosas (n=40) praticantes de hidroginástica em academias da cidade de Ubá-MG. Avaliou-se os fatores de risco coronarianos através do questionário adaptado do Michigan Heart Association. Para avaliação da capacidade para AVDs foi utilizada a escala de autopercepção do desempenho em atividades da vida diária. Foi realizado o teste Komolgorov-Smirnov para verificar a normalidade dos dados e o teste de correlação de Pearson aplicado para verificar a relação entre o risco coronariano e a capacidade para AVDs das praticantes. Foi adotado um nível de significância de p≤0,05. O risco coronariano foi classificado como “risco médio” (24,00 ± 3,81) e a capacidade para AVDs classificada como “muito boa” (134,3 ± 21,10). Foi encontrada correlação significativa entre risco coronariano e a capacidade para AVDs. Conclui-se que a hidroginástica proporciona menor risco coronariano e maior capacidade para AVDs em idosas.
Social Habits, Oral Hygiene Practices, and Hydration in Athletes
Authors: Rejaili Jorge Abou , Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Saliba Tânia Adas , Chiba Fernando Yamamoto , Saliba Orlando
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Social habits, oral health and lifestyle are important, not only from the perspective of sport development, but also from public health. Objectives: To investigate social habits, oral hygiene practices, and hydration in athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, survey study was conducted of 647 athletes from different sports disciplines. The variables researched were as follows: sports practiced, consumption of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, smoking, mouth-breathing habit, use of medicines, oral hygiene practices, and intake of water, isotonic and energy drinks. Results: Of the total athletes, 313 (48.53%) breathed through their mouths during sports practice, 381 (58.89%) did not drink soft drinks, 618 (95.52%) did not smoke, and 98 (15.15%) consumed alcoholic beverages at least twice a week. The majority (85.63%) drank only water, while 138 (21.33%) consumed energy drinks during exercise. The highest proportion of athletes trained between 3 and 5 days a week (67.08%), for 2 to 4 hours a day (76.05%). Dental floss was not used by 212 (32.77%) athletes. The use of medicines was reported by 114 athletes (17.62%), and majority of these medicines were medically prescribed. The majority of athletes reported been unaware of the fact that the medicines could be doping. Conclusions: A large portion of the athletes had mouth-breathing habit during sports practice, and although all of them performed tooth brushing, a considerable number lacked knowledge regarding the use of dental floss. The consumption of soft drinks and alcoholic beverages, use of medicines, and smoking was low.
Tolerância ao exercício em indivíduos pós-tratamento de tuberculose pulmonar: um estudo observacional
Authors: Silva Thiago Santos da , Borges Grasiely Faccin
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A tuberculose pulmonar (TBP) pode causar injúrias e déficits físico-funcionais, que podem acarretar prejuízo na saúde do indivíduo mesmo após a cura. Objetivo: Avaliar a tolerância ao exercício (TE) de indivíduos pós-tratamento farmacológico de TBP da cidade de Coari (Brasil) por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6). Métodos: Estudo observacional, transversal, que avaliou nove participantes do sexo masculino. Inicialmente realizou-se a avaliação do perfil socioeconômico, de saúde e de composição corporal dos participantes. Os indivíduos foram submetidos ao TC6, para se obter a distância percorrida (DTC6). Foram utilizados a correlação de Pearson e o teste T pareado unicaudal, com o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os participantes apresentaram média de idade de 42,4 ± 12,89 anos, estatura de 163,44 ± 2,95 cm, peso 68,99±8,71 kg e o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) de 25,32 ± 3,07 kg/m². A DTC6 dos participantes foi de 460,19 ± 62,93 m. Observou-se redução da TE dos participantes através da análise entre a DTC6 e a DPTC6 (460,19 ± 62,93m/585,07 ± 39,18 m; p= 0,0006), sendo que 55,55% (5/9) apresentaram valores abaixo do limite inferior de normalidade. Conclusão: Verificou-se que os participantes pós-TBP estudados apresentaram redução da TE em relação aos valores preditos.
Could Neuro-Phenomenology Deepen an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Seizure Consciousness Drawings
Authors: Featherstone Valerie , Campion Peter , Sandfield Anna
Published: March 2021

This article proposes a methodological stance, an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) of participants’ drawings as one that is useful for research into people’s experiences of seizure consciousness. Using empirical examples located in an original, larger study, this article offers a rationale for, and illustrates the analytic potential of, this combination. It also considers that elicitation interviewing techniques and methods from the field of neuro - phenomenology could take this work further in terms of deepening the analysis by reaching people’s pre - reflexive conscious experiences. This theoretical and practical combination has the potential to develop this work significantly.
The Impact of Downsizing and Efficiency Measures on Anti-Fraud Resources
Authors: Palasinski Marek
Published: March 2021

The main purpose of this study was to explore the impact of downsizing and efficiency measures on two key elements of operational performance - fraud detection and fraud reporting. Qualitative data were obtained from ethnographic observations of two major multinational insurance companies, which were already examined before the Global Financial Crisis, and subjected to an inter - and intra - business comparative analysis of anti - fraud resources. The paper points out a big discrepancy in opinions on the downsizing effects between junior staff and their supervisors. Whereas the latter present them as enabling the business to deal with suspicious claims more quickly, the former offer a contrastingly different view in which the constantly growing pressure often lea ds to suspicious claims getting approved. By validating the practical implications of a purposefully adapted version of resource - based theory, the paper illustrates the inviability of subjecting anti - fraud resources to the same levels of downsizing and efficiency as other business resources. Although the literature on the general negative impact of downsizing on the broadly - defined operational performance is growing, this is the first major study to examine its impact on insurance anti - fraud processes and illustrate their changes following the Global Financial Crisis.
Prototype Modeling vs. Item Response Theory – A Paradigm Shift for Measurement Professionals
Authors: Yeager Joseph , Sommer Linda , Faughnan Juliette , Geerkens Christophe
Published: March 2021

In science, the usual research mode is to discover cause - and - effect mechanisms operating behind superficial reality. Aviation, for example, uses prototype modeling to develop improved aircraft from one generation to the next. In stark contrast to prototype modeling’s search for causal mechanisms, assessment technologies remain dominated by probability strategies — which is why psychological assessment lags behind the hard sciences. A major difference in results exists between inferences produced through item response theory versus the cause - effect prototyping strategies of aerospace and other techno - savvy industries. Parallel to aerospace strategies, systems analysis of language, using prototype modeling strategies, provides an effective assessment technology. This paper shows how the result provides causal mechanisms easily employed for assessing, predicting and changing human performance in many contexts.
Words of Wisdom, For Now ...The Constructivist Credo
Authors: Repass Michele
Published: March 2021

In The Constructivist Credo, Yvonna S. Lincoln and Egon G. Guba present 133 conjectures they believe should guide researchers who use a constructivist approach. In addition, several chapters from a recent dissertation are included and annotated to show how the conjectures might be used in practice.
The Unremarkable Things Matter: A Book Review of David Silverman's A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Qualitative Research (2nd ed.)
Authors: Li Lun
Published: March 2021

In this review of the book, A Very Short, Fairly Interesting and Reasonably Cheap Book about Qualitative Research by David Silverman, I write from the perspectives following Silverman’s arguments about “unremarkable things matter” in qualitative research. Based on his inspiring thoughts on modern qualitative research, I also express my reflective ideas as a doctoral student.
Graduating Black Males: A Generic Qualitative Study
Authors: Bell Edward
Published: March 2021

Black males face a difficult educational battle. Across America, graduation statistics for Black males are sobering. The purpose of this study was to explore why Black males drop out of school and to examine the current employment status of the study participants. The research took place in rural North Carolina. Fifteen Black American male high school dropouts took part in a snowball sample. This study was qualitative and used open and axial coding. Findings from this study may provide guidance and directions for school and community leaders to help Black males stay in school through graduating.
Researching Children's Lives and Social Situations with Respect and Integrity
Authors: Jankie Dudu
Published: March 2021

In Research with children: Theory & practice, Michelle O’Reilly, Pablo Ronzoni and Nisha Dogra engage the readers in navigating the successes and hurdles of researching with diverse children. The book, which is meant for “researchers who are new to research with children” presents engaging descriptions on how to link in culturally sensitive ways the overall research process involving the lives and social situations of children who are participants in qualitative and quantitative research projects. Furthermore, the book balances the theory and practice of research with children through the activities used and the practical examples provided, some of which are drawn from the authors’ own work.
Teacher Educators Wrestling with Issues of Diversity in Online Courses
Authors: Grant Kristine , Lee Vera
Published: March 2021

This manuscript provides an overview of the findings of an ongoing qualitative exploratory study that examined how preservice and inservice teachers in two different online education courses (ED 600 and ED 500) developed an understanding of the multifaceted issues that affect diverse learners. The study also investigated the instructors’ reflections about their courses through their individual journals. An analysis of the study participants' Discussion Board posts and interactions online revealed how the Discussion Board forum was used as a critical, reflective space for participants' to engage in self-reflection and to exchange and challenge one another's ideas. The journals also revealed the instructors' overall aspirations for the course, and their role in cultivating an online community in their courses.
Culturometrics: A Constructionist Philosophy for Humanistic Inquiry in Qualitative Identity Research
Authors: Boufoy-Bastick Béatrice
Published: March 2021

Culturometrics is a new person-centred research philosophy that has shaped new tools for measuring and revealing the subjectivities of cultural identities. By focusing on tractable processes of identity communication rather than attempting to categorise the infinitely variable forms of identity outcomes it has developed intuitively acceptable computationally simple bridges across the qualitative /quantitative research divide. By reframing social constructs as cultural identities and categorising cultural groups by the fluidity of their membership it has extended the remit of traditional qualitative research. This paper gives a brief overview of the humanistic intentions of Culturometrics that underpin its objective methods for measuring and revealing the rich subjectivities of cultural identity. The paper demonstrates one of the selfnorming processes that regulate personal expectations allowing subjective self-evaluations of identity to be compared. It demonstrates efficient two-phase etic/emic social network sampling of cultural groups and effective contrast interviewing for revealing the unique values, attitudes, beliefs and intentions that define cultural Identity in specific research contexts.
Young Adult's Perspectives on Being Uninsured and Implications for Health Reform
Authors: Dauner Kim , Thompson Jack
Published: March 2021

Young adults between the ages of 18-34 are most likely to lack health insurance in the United States. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), a federal statute signed into law in 2010, contains provisions specific to increasing access to health insurance for young adults including the provision that persons under 26 can stay on their parents’ insurance. While the reasons for uninsurance among young adults have been documented, how they operate and are perceived on an individual level have not been explored in great detail. Further, it is poorly understood how the ACA policies and the state health insurance exchanges can serve young adults. Thus, we interviewed uninsured young adults aged 18-35 in northeastern Minnesota and northwestern Wisconsin and used inductive thematic analysis to explore these issues. Findings suggest that young adults don’t feel at risk for health problems and therefore have low levels of health insurance literacy and place little value on health insurance. Multiple barriers to health insurance coverage, including the provision about staying on a parent’s policy, persist despite the ACA. Our findings also suggest valuable lessons for state health insurance exchanges on how to better serve this population.
EFFECT OF HR DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE KNOWLEDGE SHARING: EXAMINING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TRUST ON LEADERSHIP AND MODERATING ROLE OF COOPERATIVE NORMS
Authors:   National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad., Raza Irfan
Published: March 2021

Purpose:This study was aimed at exploring the effect of HR diversity management practices on employees’ knowledge sharing with mediating role of trust on leadership and moderating role of cooperative norms. Methodology: Quantitative-method research design was conducted in the study and data was collected from 4 large organizations of Pakistan for analysis. Convenient sampling technique was applied and sample size for the study was 256. Thirty-six Likert-type questions were used to collect responses with á = 0.853. Findings: The results demonstrate that HR diversity management has a significant positive effect on employee knowledge sharing. The trust of leadership has a mediating role between HR diversity management and knowledge sharing. Findings also show that cooperative norms have a moderating role between HR diversity management and knowledge sharing; cooperative norms also moderate the relationship of trust on leadership and employee knowledge sharing. Practical Implications: There are significant academic and practical implications which are briefly described in the last part of the study.
Public International Funding of Nature-based Solutions for Adaptation: A Landscape Assessment
Authors: Swann Stacy , Blandford Laurence , Cheng Sheldon , Cook Jonathan , Miller Alan , Barr Rhona
Published: March 2021

This paper provides the first assessment of the landscape of public international funding for nature-based solutions for climate adaptation, covering both climate finance and Official Development Assistance (ODA). It seeks to help donor countries, multilateral institutions, and developing countries better understand the current state of funding, and provides recommendations to address barriers that are hindering public donor funding support for nature-based solutions for adaptation. The Global Commission on Adaptation's 2019 flagship report Adapt Now: A Global Call for Leadership on Climate Resilience identified access to finance as one of three key barriers that impede the scaling up of nature-based solutions for adaptation in many countries. This paper shows that the amount of public international funding flowing to nature-based solutions (NbS) for adaptation in developing countries is still relatively small. This paper was produced by World Resources Institute and Climate Finance Advisors in support of the Global Commission on Adaptation.
Violence and Democracy in Colombia The Conviviality of Citizenship Defects in Colombia’s Nation-State
Authors: Boesten Jan
Published: March 2021

This essay aims to utilize the concept of conviviality for connecting the coexistence of seemingly contradictory phenomena in Colombia. It argues that while conviviality implies a normative content – a society in which members do not slaughter each other is better than one in which members resort to violence – the meekness of that normative claim suggests that it is better used as an analytical tool that seeks to connect the contradictions that coexist in the real lifeworld. Colombia’s history of violence and democracy is such a contradictory case. Comparativists have situated Colombia’s deficits on the “extra-institutional playing field”, lamenting that it is a “besieged” or “threatened democracy”. Conviviality helps us to specify these “extra-institutional” defects by suggesting impediments exogenous and endogenous to the state-building logic of the Colombian nation-state.
Likelihood Ratio statt Cut-off?
Authors: Gruber Rudolf
Published: March 2021

Die klinische, radiologische und histologische Differenzialdiagnostik der primären und sekundären Vaskulitiden
ist schwierig, da sie mit einer bunten und höchst unspezifischen Symptomatik einhergehen. Erst der spezifische
Nachweis von Autoantikörpern gegen Proteinase 3 und Myeloperoxidase brachte den entscheidenden Fortschritt für
die Diagnostik und die Entwicklung zielgerichteter Therapien. Die klinische Interpretation der Testergebnisse kann
durch die Angabe der Resultat-spezifischen Likelihood Ratio anstelle von Cut-off-Werten standardisiert werden.
Spiegel einer komplexen Systemerkrankung
Authors: Siegert Sabine , Poremba Christopher
Published: March 2021

Histopathologische Untersuchungen belegen, dass COVID-19 nicht nur das respiratorische System und das Gerinnungssystem, sondern auch zahlreiche andere Organe betrifft. Da die Patienten bei schweren Verläufen häufig zusätzlich an Erkrankungen wie beispielsweise Diabetes mellitus oder chronischer Niereninsuffizienz leiden, müssen bei der Bewertung der Ergebnisse Veränderungen, die auf eine SARS-CoV-2-Infektion zurückzuführen sind, von denjenigen, die durch die Grunderkrankung verursacht wurden, abgegrenzt werden.
Von den Toten für die Lebenden lernen
Authors: Boor Peter , Knüchel-Clarke Ruth , von Stillfried Saskia
Published: March 2021

Autopsiebefunde tragen seit vielen Jahren dazu bei, klinische Krankheitsbilder zu verstehen. Im Deutschen Register COVID-19-Obduktionen sollen deutschlandweit möglichst alle Obduktionsfälle von an COVID-19 Erkrankten erfasst werden. Es dient damit als zentrale Vermittlungsstelle für die Datenanalyse und ist das elektronische Rückgrat des Deutschen Forschungsnetzwerks für Autopsien in Pandemien.
Keeping the natives in their place: the ideology of white supremacy and the flogging of African offenders in colonial Natal – part 1
Authors: Peté Stephen Allister
Published: March 2021

The political economy of colonial Natal was based on a coercive and hierarchical racial order. Over decades, the white colonists struggled to assert their power over the indigenous inhabitants of the colony, to force them off their land and into wage labour in service of the white colonial economy. This process resulted in ongoing resistance on the part of the indigenous population, including a series of rebellions and revolts throughout the colonial period, which were met with force by the white colonists. White colonial ideology was shaped by the violent and adversarial nature of the social, political and economic relations between white and black in the colony. It was also influenced by the broader global context, within which colonisation was justified by racist variants of the theory of Social Darwinism. Driven by a strange mix of deep insecurity and fear on the one hand, and racist paternalism on the other, the white settlers of colonial Natal developed a variant of white supremacist ideology with a special flavour. Nowhere was this more apparent than in their near obsession with flogging as the most appropriate manner of dealing with African offenders in particular. By closely examining a series of public debates that took place in the colony of Natal between 1876 and 1906, this contribution seeks to excavate the various nuanced strands of thinking that together comprised the ideology of white supremacy in the colony at that time.
INFLUENCE OF INDIVIDUAL DETERMINANTS ON SELF-REFERRALS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN SEEKING DELIVERY SERVICES IN COAST GENERAL REFERRAL AND TEACHING HOSPITAL MOMBASA, KENYA (CGTRH)
Authors: Kivuva Elizabeth , Njoroge Kezia , Tenambergen Wanja
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of individual determinants on self-referrals among pregnant women seeking delivery services in CGTRH

Materials and Methods: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research. The study target population was all pregnant women seeking delivery services in coast general teaching and referral hospital at the maternity unit. Therefore, 6,420 formed the study population as it is from this sampling frame that a sample of mothers was obtained. A sample of 376 pregnant women was obtained. Systematic random sampling was used to select the pregnant women to be included in the sample. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The data collected were cleaned and coded, quantified and analyzed quantitatively. Quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS where descriptive and inferential statistics were used to capture the data in order to understand the pattern and nature of relationships. Univariate analysis was done using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages,) in order to summarize the data, and the results were presented using charts, graph and tables.

Results: The findings indicated a significant relationship between education status and self-referrals whereby, the more educated the pregnant women were the more likely they were to make self-referrals at the referral facility. In particular, pregnant women with tertiary level of education were 4.2 times more likely to make self-referrals compared to those with no education. Further analysis using multivariable logistic regression at a significance level of 0.05 established that there was a significant difference between pregnant women with no education and those with tertiary education, with the latter being 4.4 times more likely to make self-referrals compared to the former.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that hospitals ought to enhance their CRM policies so as to deliver quality services that satisfy Information technology infrastructure can revolutionize healthcare with the right policy choices. IT can foster new human connectivity thresholds and is a powerful tool of global convergence through the cross-border provision of services and can as well provide new opportunities for the production of knowledge and skills.
Journey from Library Management System (LMS) to KOHA by Government College University Libraries, Lahore
Authors: Khan Muhammad Tufail , Zahid Aneela
Published: March 2021

Libraries around the world are using the technology in best possible ways to satisfy their users through efficient and effective library services. The paper aims to discuss the process of KOHA implementation in Government College University (GCU) Libraries Lahore, while replacing the Library Management Software (LMS) implemented in 1999. The article discusses the implementation of Koha in a narrative style. In first phase KOHA was installed on testing basis on one computer and its different modules were evaluated as per their functions in context of the requirements of GCU Libraries. After satisfactory results a journal was placed formally for notes taking purpose during the step by step process of KOHA implementation for the required results. On the basis of testing phase, the technical issues were addressed and Koha implementation strategy was chalked out, employed and resulted as the live server of KOHA. The study discussed the major technical problems that were encountered in the implementation of KOHA. The authors assume that other libraries who are implementing Koha also face such problems. However, these technicalities are not disclosed and remain unaddressed. The study addresses these technical issues and offers solutions. The study offers insight that is valuable for Pakistani librarians at large and other libraries in general which are in the process of implementing Koha for automation.
Water Pollution: Causes, Negative Effects and Prevention Methods
Authors: KILIÇ Zeyneb
Published: March 2021

Water quality is a big issue that mankind is facing in recent years. Water is separated from other environmental components, because it is not substitutable. The water cycle constitutes the basic dynamics of the life and economy cycle. Water resources are limited and exposed to many human-induced negative effects. Fresh water resources on our planet constitutes only 2.5% of water resources. Water is an indispensable resource for all living things and it is a vital value. Life without water can not be considered. The existence of sufficient and good quality water is the basic condition of freshwater ecosystems as well as food security and sustainable development, and therefore the future of humanity. Pollution of the limited fresh water resources causes further pressure on fresh water resources. Eight liters of clean water must be used to clean one liter of the waste water. Safe drinking water is a indispensable need for all humans. The WHO reports that 80% diseases (bacterial, viral and parasitic) are waterborne. Human beings contribute in a great way to waste and pollute this vital natural resource. Education and raising awareness related to water pollution should be given to the humanity so that this problem can be reduced to a certain level. This research is about current scientific advances to cope with the water pollutants and focuses mainly on the source of different water pollutants and their current status in the environment and ecosysytem. It is thought that this study will contribute to the literature on the subject and to the reduction of the pollution level of water resources.
PROCUREMENT PROCESS AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION STABILIZATION MISSION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (MONUSCO) ENTEBBE SUPPORT BASE
Authors: Marius Gatta Ouyabaka
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between procurement process and service delivery in MONUSCO Entebbe Support BaseMethodology: The study employed a descriptive case study design. The target population comprised of 261 employees of MONUSCO Entebbe Support Base holding international, United Nations Volunteers (UNV) and National contracts. Random and purposive sampling techniques were specifically used to select samples for this study. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data collected was further analysed using SPSS for descriptive and inferential statistics while the qualitative data was analysed using content analysis.Findings: The study findings showed that procurement process contributed to effective and efficient service delivery in MONUSCO. However, the found relationship between procurement process and service delivery to be very weak. It was found that contracts were awarded to suppliers who met products/materials technical specifications which ensured clear meeting of product standards and service delivery in all MONUSCO user departments. Contracts were awarded to vendors who offer lower price which implied that the bidder with the lowest price is always considered for contract award in MONUSCO ESB. The study found that some vendors did not meet all the terms of contracts as agreed at the time of contract award at the MONUSCO ESB and that to some extent the organization had not taken full appropriate correction measures against non performing vendors. This has to some extent affected the service delivery levels of MONUSCO Entebbe Support Base. It was also found that to a larger extent most vendors had a delivery schedule as per the user department requirements. This meant that the vendors draw and share the supply delivery schedule with the user departments in MONUSCO ESB.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that the management needs to ensure that the procurement activities are accomplished in line with the outcome measures. MONUSCO Entebbe Support Base should focus on implementing strict procurement practices that must be followed with contract value thresholds dictating the procurement practices to be adopted by all MONUSCO sections.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISK IDENTIFICATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE AMONG MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN KENYA
Authors: Kiarie Dr.David , Ngugi Dr. Patrick , Ogollah Dr. Kennedy
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between risk identification management strategy and supply chain performance among manufacturing companies in KenyaMethodology:The study adopted a cross-section survey of descriptive nature .The target population comprised of the 412 manufacturing companies within Nairobi County that were registered members of KAM. The fisher et al formula for calculating the sample size was used to yield a sample size of199. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 21 as a tool of analysis.Results: The study findings revealed that the constructs of risk identification management strategy combined together influenced supply chain performance as supported by a p value of 0.000.)Policy recommendation: the study recommended that manufacturing companies should put in place a risk analysis and evaluation management strategy to enhance supply chain performance. In particular, companies should consider conducting whole life costing of suppliers and also internal quality of suppliers.
LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT FROM FIRMS’ PERFORMANCE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Bagshaw Karibo Benaiah
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The study was carried out to throw light on how effective logistics management has on on-time delivery and sales growth. Efficient and effective logistics management is viewed and regarded as competitive tool used as a means of increasing performance. This study empirically looked at the relationship between logistics management and performance of 122 selected firms across Rivers State, Nigeria. It focused on logistics management (using the dimension of transportation and physical distribution) on on-time delivery and sales growth.Methodology:  The research framework was examined by empirical analysis of primary data collected through the use of questionnaire; hence the study adopted the research survey method.Results: The outcome of the analysis revealed that effective transportation and distribution influences on-time delivery and sales growth respectively.Contributions: Therefore, organizations should establish and maintain standard and vanilla logistics management system, so that the right amount of stock is held and economic order quantity is achieved through proper physical distribution of the product to achieve higher performance. Also, to attain reasonable on time delivery firms in general and managers in particular should be properly equipped with the newest technology in transportation.
RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AND SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE AMONG MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN KENYA
Authors: Kiarie Dr.David , Ngugi Dr. Patrick , Ogollah Dr. Kennedy
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine risk management strategy and supply chain performance among manufacturing companies in KenyaMethodology: The study adopted a cross-section survey of descriptive nature. The target population comprised of the 412 manufacturing companies within Nairobi County that were registered members of KAM. The fisher et al formula for calculating the sample size was used to yield a sample size of199. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version 21 as a tool of analysis. In trying to explain the relationship between different variables in the study, Odd ratio regression was adopted as an appropriate method of analyzing the relationship between multiple variables requiring simultaneous comparison.Results: The study findings revealed that the constructs of risk identification management strategy combined together influenced supply chain performance as supported by a p value of 0.000.Further, most of the companies had risk analysis and evaluation management strategy in place. The study also concluded that the odds of observing better lead time and odds of improved quality were higher for those companies that conducted whole life costing of suppliers (p value- 0.023) and internal controls of suppliers (p value- 0.049)Policy recommendation: the study recommended that manufacturing companies should put in place a risk analysis and evaluation management strategy to enhance supply chain performance. In particular, companies should consider conducting whole life costing of suppliers and also internal quality of suppliers.
Open Surgery for Urinary Stones in a Resource Poor Setting: A Look at Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria
Authors: Agbo Christian
Published: March 2021

Urinary stone disease has afflicted humankind since antiquity[1]. It remains a common urological condition worldwide, including in our environment[2]. Although open surgery was previously the main option for stone removal, advances in technology mean that treatment is now largely through minimally invasive surgery, as recommended by a number of urological guidelines[3,4]. Unfortunately, at our centre, we still treat urinary stones solely through open surgery, mostly because we lack endoscopic equipment. In addition, most of our patients, even if referred to facilities where endoscopic management is possible, cannot afford the cost of treatment.
Novel Extravesical Versus Transvesical Technique for Abdominal Repair of Vesicovaginal Fistula
Authors: Samaha Ibrahem Ismail , Taha Kareem M. , Elbabouly Islam , Ali Maged
Published: March 2021

Objectives: To compare the transvesical transabdominal repair of vesicovaginal fistula with novel extravesical transabdominal repair with respect to operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, catheterization time, postoperative lower urinary tract symptoms, urodynamic changes, and recurrence rate.
Methods: A prospective randomized controlled study of 94 consecutive female patients who underwent transabdominal vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair from March 2013 to March 2018 in our center. The patients had high vesicovaginal fistula that could not be operated on transvaginally: 47 cases were treated with extravesical transabdominal technique, and 47 cases were treated with transvesical transabdominal technique. The primary endpoint is the functional outcome regarding postoperative lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); secondary outcomes are early recovery and success rates. The follow-up period was 3 months for reporting and dealing with any complications.
Results: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding demographic data. Extravesical repair of VVF had significantly higher (106.56±10.46 min) operating time than transvesical repair (95.08±7.6 min) P <0.001. There was no significant difference regarding intraoperative blood loss between the extravesical (365.42±81.29 mL) and transvesical (353.12±73.9 mL) groups; P = 0.44). The extravesical group had a significant shorter hospital stay (62.35±12.25 hours) than the transvesical repair group (85.07±12.0 hours) P < 0.001. Postoperative storage LUTS 6 weeks assessed by Overactive Bladder Symptom Score was significantly lower for extravesical repair (1.75±0.59) than for transvesical repair (6.87±2.24) P = 0.001). This was confirmed by urodynamic evaluation. Two patients (4.2%) in the transvesical group but none in the extravesical group experienced fistula recurrence.
Conclusions: The extravesical transabdominal approach for repair of vesicovaginal fistula is a novel, successful, and versatile technique with reduced hospital stay, reduced postoperative LUTS and possibly fewer recurrences than the transvesical technique, and should be considered for all VVF requiring abdominal repair.
Striving for Global Representation
Authors: Black Peter
Published: March 2021

The third issue of the Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal hits many of the highlights of what we are trying to achieve with our fledgling journal. The truly global character and special flavor of the SIUJ are coming to the fore. This in turn is reflective of the mission of the larger SIU “to enable urologists in all nations, through international cooperation in education and research, to apply the highest standards of urological care to their patients.” We are a society of all urologists in all countries in the world, not limited by specific geographical or subspecialty boundaries. It is therefore critical that the pages of our journal provide represent broad global reach.