bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buried pipeline subjected to static pipe bursting underneath: a closed-form analytical solution
Authors: Chaudhuri Chaidul Haque , Choudhury Deepankar
Published: August 2021

The present study proposes a closed-form analytical solution for investigating the behaviour of buried adjacent pipeline subjected to ground heave induced from static pipe bursting underneath. The governing differential equation of the adjacent pipe is derived based on the concept of a beam (both Euler–Bernoulli's and Timoshenko's beam) resting on a Pasternak foundation. A Fourier series is used to solve the governing differential equation. The proposed solution is validated with the results obtained from earlier full-scale experimental works and finite-element-based numerical study. Further, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of relative pipe–soil stiffness and pipe–pipe intersection angles on the adjacent pipe response during the pipe bursting process. It is perceived that normalised maximum pipe deformation reduces and normalised maximum pipe bending moment increases as the value of the relative pipe–soil stiffness increases. Further, for the present case, the maximum pipe curvature is obtained at a 35° intersection angle. Hence, it is understood that a 90° intersection angle is not always the critical criterion. The study will be useful in the preliminary design stage for obtaining quick and relevant results without performing rigorous numerical or experimental study.
A passive shape-memory-alloy–rubber-bearing seismic isolator for offshore platforms
Authors: Rajbanshi Soumi , Das Diptesh
Published: August 2021

A passive shape-memory-alloy–rubber-bearing isolator has been developed for seismic protection of offshore jacket platforms. Mathematical modelling of an offshore jacket platform subjected to earthquake ground motions was undertaken, after which a systematic study of the key parameters of the isolator was undertaken to investigate its efficiency and to improve its performance. Dynamic time history analyses were carried out for both isolated and non-isolated jacket platforms using scaled ground motions. These clearly indicated the effectiveness of the isolator in controlling the overall responses of the jacket platform. It was better at mitigating structural displacement than structural acceleration, and its performance was dependent on the duration of ground motion.
Semi-rigid system for immersed tunnel
Authors: Lin Ming , Liu Xiaodong , Yin Haiqing , Tian Yinghui , Gao Jibin , Lin Wei , Liu Mengyuan
Published: August 2021

The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge has a total length of 55 km. One of the greatest technical challenges is an immersed tunnel section stretching over 5.664 km and consisting of 33 prefabricated units (tunnel elements). The tunnel is buried 22 m below the seabed, and is therefore subjected to a significant overburden pressure (at a level of ∼100 kPa) during its whole service life. Conventional tunnel elements are either monolithic or segmented. Monolithic elements act like rigid beams, whereas segmented elements behave like a flexible chain. Under this high level of overburden pressure, the tunnel is liable to problems such as concrete cracking, joint opening and leaking. A novel solution for the semi-rigid (structural) system was proposed and adopted. The central idea is to use compressive force and frictional force at the vertical faces of the segment joints to improve the integrity of the longitudinal structure of the tunnel elements. This paper reviews the concept, design and in situ post-construction observations of this semi-rigid system.
Code is Law –Deterritorialisation and Reterritorialisation of Law, Law is Code – Cyberspace, Personalisation Algorithms and Human Cognition
Authors: Nordell Emmie
Published: August 2021

This narrative is a theoretical exploration of the encounter between law and cyberspace. It is a conversation about what lines of de/reterritorialisation can do with that encounter. It is becoming in contact with Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s concepts: rhizome, assemblage, becoming, territorialisation, deterritorialisation, and reterritorialisation and with Lawrence Lessig’s theory code is law. Code may be law, but perhaps law can also become code. This paper thinks about democratic states in which there is a desire to let law proceed from the people, and about how the law and code seem to affect human behaviour in similar ways. As an example, I explore how code in personalising algorithms affects human cognition; how code that enables certain cognitive processes can disable certain others; and how code regulates human cognition. The paper thinks about how law is territorialised in the encounter with cyberspace, deterritorialised when code challenges legal sovereignty, and how it can reterritorialise through ‘code is law’ or through ‘law is code’. I am suggesting that, in this process, a need is emerging: a need to let code proceed from the people.
New Achillea-feeding species of the aphid genus Uroleucon (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Bulgaria
Authors: Kanturski Mariusz
Published: August 2021

An apterous viviparous female of a new aphid species Uroleucon (Uroleucon) bulgaricum sp. n. is described and compared with the similar species U. (Uroleucon) achilleae (Koch, 1865). The new species was collected by the late J. Holman in the Blagoevgrad region (SE Bulgaria), where it is associated with Achillea coarctata Poiret in Lam. (Asteraceae). The similarities and differences between other Achillea-feeding Uroleucon species are discussed. A morphological key to the species of the subgenus Uroleucon Mordvilko, 1914 in Bulgaria is presented. A modified key to the Achillea-feeding Uroleucon aphids of Blackman and Eastop is also provided.
HEMATOLOGICAL FINDINGS IN CHILDREN WITH VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY
Authors: ÖNER Nergiz , ÖZEK Gülcihan
Published: August 2021

Objective

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common condition in

childhood and various neurological, hematological,

and dermatological findings could be seen due to its

deficiency. The aim of the study is to evaluate the

hematological findings in children diagnosed with

vitamin B12 deficiency.

Materials and Methods

Hematological data of children with B12 deficiency

who were examined in Pediatric Hematology

Department were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

Hematological data of one hundred twenty-four

patients were assessed in our study. Anemia,

thrombocytopenia and leucopenia were detected in

48 patients, 8 patients and 6 patients, respectively.

Two infants presented with prolonged jaundice and

hemolytic anemia. The mean vitamin B12 levels of the

patients were 97.3±30.6 (5-140) pg/ml.

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common disease in

developing countries and it is mostly of maternal

origin. In our study, vitamin B12 deficiency in mothers

of 42 out of 52 infants (80%) were discovered. This

percentage clearly shows the importance of the vitamin

B12 level determination in pregnant women and its

treatment in case of deficiency. Patients with vitamin

B12 deficiency might be admitted to the hospital for

various reasons. Therefore, it is recommended to

keep in mind that vitamin B12 deficiency might be

the base of various diseases, especially for patients

presenting prolonged jaundice and hemolytic anemia.
TEA-seq v4
Authors: Swanson Elliott , Graybuck Lucas , J Skene Peter
Published: August 2021

TEA-seq is a method for Transcriptomic, Epitope, and Accessibility measurement from thousands of single cells on the 10x Genomics Multiome platform. It generates scRNA-seq, scATAC-seq, and cell surface epitope (BioLegend TotalSeq-A) sequencing libraries linked by 10x cell barcodes for coordinated analysis. TEA-seq has been optimized for use with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
T Drops Male Enhancement - Does (T+Drops Male Enhancement) Really Works Or Scam? v1
Authors: not provided health
Published: August 2021

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Corrective Osteotomy in cubitus varus deformity in children: A prospective study
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India, Kotak Dr. Abhinav , Rudani Dr. Suresh ,   Department of Orthopedics, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Cubitus varus deformity is the most common late complication aftersupracondylar fracture of the distal humerus in children, incidence varying from 4% to 58%. Thepresent study was done to evaluate the results of dome osteotomy. Material and Methods: Thisprospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over 16 months. In all patients humerus-elbow wrist angle was measured on both sides and the correction needed was calculated. The lateralcondyle prominence index (LCPI) was calculated by anteroposterior view radiographs of thedeformed and the normal elbow in full extension by (AB-BC)/AC. Dome osteotomy with para tricepsapproach was used. Pre and post-operative carrying angle of elbow, range of motion and lateralprominence indices were compared. Results: The age of patients ranged from 3 to 15 years with amean age of 8.47±3.14 years. Preoperative carrying angle of normal side ranged from 80 to 140and that of effected side ranged from -23 to -13 and the difference was statistically significant(p<0.05). LCPI ranged from -8.4 to 5.9%. The majority of cases had LCPI >2.7%. As compared to,an improvement in carrying angle at defect side was observed to be 28.41±2.15 which wassignificant (p<0.05). At baseline mean LCPI was 0.39±3.87% which changed to -0.86±3.47%, themean change of this was significant (p=0.01). baseline Conclusion: Dome osteotomy is a relativelytechnically demanding technique for correction of cubitus varus deformity but with a betterfunctional outcome without being associated with lateral condyle prominence.
Evaluation of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Efficacy in Pure Ductal Carcinoma In situ Patients According to Different Variables
Authors: KARACA Feryal , MENTEŞ Selahattin , ÇİL Timuçin , KESKİN Sıddık
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Ductal carcinoma in situ is a non-invasive pathology of breast cancer. Pure ductal carcinoma in situ is extremely rare, although it is often accompanied by invasive breast cancers.
Materials and Methods:The study included 27 patients who applied to the Adana City Training and Research Hospital Radiation Oncology outpatient clinic and received adjuvant radiotherapy with a diagnosis of pure ductal carcinoma in situ.
Results:The mean age of the patients was 45.33 in the premenopausal period and 59.83 in the postmenopausal period, and a statistically significant result was obtained when the age of both groups was compared (p = 0.001). Age and tumor diameter (38.8%) was assessed statistically significant (p <0.05). it can be stated that the tumor diameter tends to increase with increasing age.
Conclusion: Age, tumor size, receptor status, operation margin, histopathological grade, multifocality and adjuvant treatments are effective on local recurrens and survival in ductal carcinoma in situ patients. Patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ receive adjuvant radiotheray after breast conserving surgery, reducing the risk of local recurrens.
Ukrainian Language as a Means of Unification of Society and a Factor of National Security of Ukraine
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Kravchenko Liudmyla
Published: August 2021

The article highlights the leading role of language in the formation of society through the analysis of its main functions, namely: communication, impact on a person, consolidation of citizens, the formation of national identity. This work analyses the relationship between the change of the language policy vector in Ukraine towards Ukrainian centricity and the strengthening of the Ukrainian language functioning in various spheres. The article raises the issue of the role of language as one of the important factors of national security of Ukraine. The role of the language issue in the Russian occupation of a part of Ukraine as a result of a hybrid war is exemplified. An integral part of this hybrid war is a change in worldview and a change in the national code of the inhabitants of the occupied territories. Based on our sociolinguistic opinion poll of 230 military officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, conducted in 2019, it was specified that among a number of markers of national identity, officers chose a common language. 54 % of respondents gave five points out of five possible to the marker of “common language”, and 20 % gave it four points. 88 % of respondents called the Ukrainian language as one of the main unifying tools in the formation of civil society in Ukraine, and 94,5 % believed that only the Ukrainian language should be the state language in Ukraine. It is important that military officers, born in different parts of Ukraine (and some far beyond its borders) and currently serving in different regions of the country, took part in the opinion poll. It allows us to affirm that officers understand the role of the Ukrainian language as a nation-building factor that is able to unite people in order to defend their country.
Means of expression of Ukrainian baroque poetry: linguistic style view
Authors:   O. M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy, Tieliezhkina Olesia
Published: August 2021

The mysterious world of Baroque poetry has scientific interest among both literary critics and linguists for a long time. However, despite some elaboration of the problem, there are some gaps that need linguistic and stylistic coverage. It determines the relevance of the consideration of expressive and pictorial means of different linguistic nature, manifested in the poetic works of the Baroque era. The purpose of the research is to identify and characterize the means of linguistic and artistic expression of the language of the Ukrainian Baroque poetic. Fundamental in the formation of a system of artistic means, realized in Baroque poetry at all levels of language, is a combination of rational and irrational principles. In the poetry of that time, the “atmosphere of the literary game” was consistently created, which was embodied with the help of certain linguistic and expressive units. The author concludes that Ukrainian Baroque poetry is characterized by the use of various tropes and stylistic figures, including assonance and alliteration, equiphony and metaphony, paronymic attraction and phonetic epanalepsis, sound imitation and capitalisation, metaphor and metonymy, comparison and epithets, personification and periphysis, hyperbole and meiosis, parallelism and gradation, antithesis and oxymoron, polyptoton and annomination, doubling and anadiplosis, anaphora and epiphora, homeothelium and chiasm, amplification and polysyndeton. Among them, the artists mostly used figures based on exaggeration, opposition, repetition, and metaphor. The masterful combination of different stylistic means ensured the creation of an expressive, unique and perfect linguistic and artistic picture of that time. The logical continuation of the started research is to find out the influence of the Baroque tradition of decorating the fabric of a poetic work on the further formation of the Ukrainian poetic language.
Prostate state under varicosis of the pelvis (experimental study)
Authors: Tsukanov Anton Y. , Rudchenko Nickolay V. , Kuzovkin Alexandr N. , Ahmetov Daniyar S. , Alyabushev Stepan F.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: Chronic pelvic pain syndrome / chronic abacterial prostatitis is one of the most common diseases in urological practice. Despite its frequency the pathogenesis of the disease remains poorly understood. It is known that the morphological manifestation of chronic inflammation is sclerosis, in the development of which the venous congestion of the prostate is also important.
AIM: To evaluate the effect of chronic venous congestion of the pelvis on the prostate in a chronic experiment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An original model of persistent chronic varicose of the pelvis has been created. The experiment was carried out on 35 mature rabbits weighing 2.63.2 kg. Animals were divided into 3 groups. Control (n = 5) study of the normal anatomy of animals. In group 2 (n = 15), the creation of a model: ligation of the v. sacralis mediana, in combination with administration of progesterone solution. In group 3 (n = 15), false surgery and progesterone administration. Duplex scanning of the pelvic veins was performed at 1, 3 and 6 months, the diameter of the veins and the reflux after manual compression was assessed. After removing the animals from the experiment histological examination and morphometry of the prostate tissue were carried out. In prostate samples the concentration of hydroxyproline was investigated as a marker of connective tissue development.
RESULTS: Venous congestion of the pelvic organs in animals in the second group negatively affected the structure of the prostate gland. Histological examination of the samples showed infiltration of the prostate tissue, edema of the stroma, a sharp expansion of the veins at the beginning of the experiment, later noted the proliferation of connective tissue, compression of the acini and a decrease in the secretory activity of the prostate gland. The results of morphometry showed an increase in the area of the stromal component to a greater extent due to an increase in the volume of connective tissue. There was a tendency to an increase in the concentration of hydroxyproline in the prostate tissue in animals of the 2nd group with the achievement of maximum values by the 6th month of the experiment. In animals of the 3rd group no significant changes in the structure of the prostate gland were revealed.
CONCLUSIONS: The morphological manifestation of chronic venous hyperemia is infiltration of the prostate stroma and sclerogenesis.
BID América: Vol. 26, no. 7-8, julio-agosto 1999
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

BID América cubre las tendencias del desarrollo económico y social de América Latina y el Caribe y las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Se publica 10 veces al año en castellano e inglés.
BID América: Vol. 26, no. 9-10, septiembre-octubre 1999
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: August 2021

BID América cubre las tendencias del desarrollo económico y social de América Latina y el Caribe y las actividades del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. Se publica 10 veces al año en castellano e inglés.
Características e Especificidades do Brincar com Brinquedos Estruturados e não Estruturados
Authors: Lima Manuela De , Martins Gabriela Dal Forno , Abreu Gabriela Vieira Soares de
Published: August 2021

Este estudo, de caráter descritivo-exploratório, teve o objetivo de investigar as características e especificidades do brincar com brinquedos estruturados e não estruturados. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo observacional, através de filmagem e registros escritos durante duas sessões de brincar: uma com brinquedos não estruturados e outra com brinquedos estruturados. Participaram cinco crianças, de uma escola de Educação Infantil da rede privada de ensino, situada na região do Vale do Paranhana, no Rio Grande do Sul. Os participantes pertenciam à turma que atendia a faixa etária dos cinco anos aos cinco anos e onze meses. A análise envolveu a caracterização dos eventos do brincar quanto à interação social e ao tipo de atividade realizada pelas crianças. Nas sessões com brinquedos não estruturados, verificou-se que as crianças utilizaram formas mais variadas de interação com os brinquedos, fornecendo indícios de que eles favorecem a socialização, a criação e o protagonismo da criança na brincadeira.
Representações Sociais do Cuidado do Idoso
Authors: Brito Annie Mehes Maldonado , Camargo Brigido Vizeu , Castro Amanda , Vidal Gabriela Pereira
Published: August 2021

As variáveis que interferem no cuidado do idoso dizem respeito às normas, atitudes, valores e crenças; o que nesta pesquisa foi estudado por meio das representações sociais. Este artigo objetivou compreender as representações sociais (RS) acerca dos cuidados de idosos para pessoas idosas e membros de sua rede social. Derivou do segundo estudo da tese intitulada “O cuidado do idoso: representações e práticas sociais”, da primeira autora, de natureza empírica, por meio de pesquisa de campo, com delineamento descritivo, comparativo de corte transversal. Participaram do estudo 40 pessoas idosas e 40 membros da rede social dos respectivos idosos. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, associada a técnica de entrevista episódica. As entrevistas passaram por classificação hierárquica de texto (IRAMUTEQ), e os dados sócio demográficos por descrição estatística (SPSS). Referente ao objeto social “cuidar da pessoa idosa”, foram identificadas dimensões representacionais, quais sejam: “satisfação das necessidades básicas, sobrecarga, gastos financeiros versus obrigação e retribuição”. Houve primazia de aspectos pragmáticos em detrimento aos afetivos, isto é, majoritariamente a significação de cuidar da pessoa idosa estava permeada pela prática, o que sugere a necessidade do reforçamento de práticas de cuidado de cunho afetivo e não somente de cunho técnico.
Mingzu Universities as an Educational and Social Phenomena in PR China
Authors: Kalashnyk Lyubov , Levchenko Yana , Tkachenko Lidiia , Mkrtichan Oksana
Published: August 2021

Mingzu University is a common name for educational institutions for ethnic minorities established in China in 1950. By establishing such kind of higher education institutions, PR China as a state pursued several goals. In one hand, they started the opportunity for minor ethnic groups` representatives enter a higher education institution and thereby enlist their support for the state government. In the other hand, China saves the originality and the identity of small nationalities` cultures at the state level by studying and promoting it. Today such educational institutions also serve to train leading cadres from ethnic minorities’ representatives, loyal to the state system and the political and social course of modern China as they are brought up in the spirit of modern Chinese social and pedagogical guidelines. The article aims to represent different social functions of Minzu Universities as a social phenomena common for China as well as cultural and social strategy of the PR China state in the field of ethnic minorities, an important part of which is implemented through them. Using the research methods typical for scientific studies of this kind (mainly empirical and theoretical ones) the article proves the idea that Mingzu Universities in China play a great not only the educational, but also social role in the country to form an ideologically homogeneous society and respect for human rights in the country.
Research of Ethical Competence of Future Doctors at Medical Universities
Authors: Dudikova Larysa , Melnychuk Iryna , Hnatyk Katalin , Fodor Kateryna , Didenko Oleksandr , Luzan Petro
Published: August 2021

The article reveals a study of the ethical competence formation of students at medical universities. This competence includes theoretical knowledge of professional ethics, professional and ethical value orientations, moral and personal qualities and practical skills of a doctor in the professional activity. Formation of ethical competence provides for the doctor’s conscious ethical behavior in accordance with professional and ethical standards, as well as the need for professional and ethical self-improvement throughout life. The results of the study allowed to establish the availability of reserves to improve the quality of future doctors’ training and formation of their ethical competence. Taking into account the trends of globalization of the educational sphere, the impact of postmodernism on the formation and development of value orientations of student youth, the emergence of new forms of ethical values, etc., it is assumed that the this competence formation will be effective if at different stages of students’ training at medical universities there will be introduced pedagogical conditions that enhance functioning of the main subsystems of the educational process. These stages correspond to the peculiarities of students’ professional and personal development during different years of study and in view of their cognitive abilities. Experimental verification of the effectiveness of pedagogical conditions for the formation of future doctors’ ethical competence at medical universities confirmed the validity of the research hypothesis. At the same time summarizing of the research results revealed certain influence of the tendencies of traditionalism, universalism and pragmatic motives on the future doctors’ value-motivational sphere.
"Historiae" Grzegorza z Tours jako źródło informacji o diecie mieszkańców VI-wiecznej Galii
Authors: Jagusiak Krzysztof , Dybała Jolanta , Kokoszko Maciej
Published: August 2021

Artykuł skupia się na przedstawieniu fragmentów głównego dzieła historycznego napisanego przez Grzegorza, biskupa Tours, w których mowa jest o pożywieniu i napojach w diecie współczesnych mu mieszkańców Galii. Autor poświęcił najwięcej miejsca jadłospisowi elity państwa Franków: rodzin królewskich, biskupów i świeckich możnych. Prócz tego podał garść informacji o tym, czym żywili się ludzie stroniący w imię poświęcenia dla Boga od uciech stołu. Dieta pozostałych ludzi interesowała go tylko, gdy dotyczyło to skrajnych zachowań w obliczu klęski głodu. Przekaz zawarty w Historiae został przez nas ukazany na tle fragmentów innych źródeł z epoki późnego antyku i wczesnego średniowiecza, które przybliżają gastronomiczne realia tamtych czasów i stanowią odniesienie dla wiadomości podanych przez Grzegorza z Tours. Duże znaczenie miał tu korpus pism medycznych autorstwa Galena, Orybazjusza, Aecjusza oraz szczególnie bliskiego geograficznie i czasowo Grzegorzowi Antimusa. Ważne były też pisma Sydoniusza Apolinarego i Wenancjusza Fortunata. Pozostałe źródła (patrystyczne, kulinarne, historiograficzne etc.) miały dla nas mniejsze znaczenie, choć uzupełniały rekonstruowaną w artykule rzeczywistość. Na podstawie analizy wykorzystanych dzieł można wysnuć wniosek, że mimo głębokich, wielowymiarowych przemian, jakie nastąpiły między V a VI stuleciem na terenach określanych jako Galia, w wyżywieniu zamieszkujących je ludzi nie zaszły większe zmiany. Zasób produktów (zarówno tych, dostępnych elitom, jak i reszcie społeczeństwa), uzyskiwanych z nich potraw i zwyczajów żywieniowych pozostał bardzo zbliżony. Nie oznacza to, że ludność germańska nie wpłynęła w żaden sposób na kulturę żywieniową VI-wiecznej Galii. Źródła potwierdzają ślady takiego wpływu, jednak w tej dziedzinie życia nie był on wielki. Na podstawie zachowanych traktatów – a Historiae Grzegorza z Tours są jednym z kluczowych świadectw tego zjawiska – można więc mówić o przetrwaniu (i dalszym trwaniu) późnoantycznych tradycji kulinarnych w państwie Franków.
Polskie ugrupowania polityczne wobec postaw młodzieży Królestwa Kongresowego w okresie rewolucji 1905 r., strajku szkolnego i bojkotu szkół rosyjskich
Authors: Waingertner Przemysław Andrzej
Published: August 2021

W artykule została podjęta próba odpowiedzi na pytania o miejsce, jakie postawy i aktywność dorastającego w Królestwie Polskim pokolenia zajmowały w refleksji i działaniach polskich elit politycznych, skupionych w ugrupowaniach i środowiskach, funkcjonujących na ziemiach polskich w pierwszych kilkunastu latach XX stulecia – w okresie wyznaczonym w Kongresówce przez wybuch rewolucji 1905 r. i strajku szkolnego oraz wygaśnięcie programowego bojkotu szkoły rosyjskiej. W tekście Czytelnik znajdzie odpowiedzi na dwa zasadnicze pytania: jak partie polityczne odnosiły się do postaw i publicznej aktywności tego młodego pokolenia, oceniały jego dojrzałość polityczną, a także wartość i skuteczność działań podejmowanych przez młodzież? Jakie miejsce dla przedstawicieli młodej generacji przewidywali politycy we własnych stronnictwach i jaką rolę im przeznaczali? Przedmiotem powyższych analiz stały się wystąpienia publiczne i prasa najważniejszych spośród ówczesnych polskich ugrupowań politycznych: Narodowej Demokracji, Polskiej Partii Socjalistycznej (PPS), Socjaldemokracji Królestwa Polskiego i Litwy (SDKPiL) oraz środowisk konserwatywnych. Na podstawie badań wypada stwierdzić, iż konserwatyści potępiali „niedojrzałych” przedstawicieli młodego pokolenia Królestwa Polskiego, uczestniczących w strajku i bojkocie szkoły rosyjskiej, pozostając przeciwnikami idei rewolucji. Narodowcy widzieli w strajku przejaw „nierozumnego” buntu wobec „realistycznej” polityki. Socjaliści i radykalni ludowcy pozytywnie oceniali zaktywizowanie się polityczne młodej generacji. Charakterystyczna, odmienna w stosunku do innych ugrupowań na lewicy, była natomiast dogmatyczna postawa SDKPiL. Partia ta popierała zaangażowanie młodzieży w walce „na ulicach” o zwycięstwo rewolucji, natomiast strajk szkolny traktowała jako godny uwagi, gdy wzmagał „rewolucyjne wrzenie” i wtedy, gdy młodzież podnosiła hasła socjalne. Socjaldemokracja przeciwstawiała się natomiast późniejszemu bojkotowi, podejmowanemu w imię haseł narodowych i oświatowych, gdy opadła fala rewolucyjnych wystąpień – mogącemu sprzyjać sympatiom młodych, kierowanym ku innym polskim ugrupowaniom politycznym.
Uwagi o abstrakcji, ufundowaniu i hipostazie
Authors: Magdziak Marek
Published: August 2021

The article deals with philosophical issues concerning abstraction and concreteness, focusing on selected ontological and logical-ontological threads of this dif ficult and intricate problem. Thus, it will concern first of all abstract and concrete objects, and only then abstract representations and judgments and concrete representations and judgments. The subject of interest will also be the process of abstraction and the relations that take place between abstract objects such as features or relations, pure qualities, and ideal objects.
Chryzypa twierdzenie o naturalnej wieloznaczności wyrazów
Authors: Domaradzki Mikołaj
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze Chrysippus’ claim about natural ambiguity of words. The present account assumes that the concept formation mechanisms that were outlined by the Stoics throw some light on the notorious contradiction between the claim about natural relationship between words and things, on the one hand, and the claim about natural ambiguity of words, on the other. We know neither the context of Chrysippus’ postulate nor the examples with which he illustrated it. Thus the following analyses are obviously speculative.However, the interpretations of myths and poetry that were put forward by Chrysippus sit very well with his conviction that ambiguity and figurativeness are  common and natural in language.
CORRELATION BETWEEN HCV RNA VIRAL LOAD AND HOMA-IR IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS
Authors: Allia Nadhya , Setiawan Poernomo Boedi , Soelistijo Soebagijo Adi
Published: August 2021

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the extrahepatic complications of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that needs to be recognized early. HOMA-IR is an effective way to measure insulin resistancy. Core proteins, NS-3, and NS-5 are the main components of HCV RNA proteins which are involved in the incidence of IR. Seeing this, a hypothesis was developed that the level of HCV RNA viral load was related to the HOMA-IR. This study was designed to identify the correlation between HCV RNA viral load with HOMA-IR in chronic hepatitis C patients.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional approach from the medical record of chronic hepatitis C patients at the outpatient clinic dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. A total of 30 patients aged >19 years old with complete medical records were included. Clinical and laboratory (including HCV RNA viral load level and HOMA-IR) data were obtained from the availability of medical records.Result: A total of 30 chronic hepatitis C patients, 17 (56.7%) were women and 13 (43.3%) were men, with mean age was 50.90 ± 7.17 years. The median of HCV RNA viral load level was 3,14 x106 IU/ml and the median of HOMA-IR was 4.50. The result of the Spearman correlation test showed a moderate positive association between HCV RNA viral load and HOMA-IR (r=0.537 ; p=0.002).Conclusion: A positive moderate correlation was obtained between HCV RNA viral load with HOMA-IR in chronic hepatitis C patients.
Hepatic Hydrothorax in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis: a Case Report
Authors: Handoyo Martino , Sugihartono Titong
Published: August 2021

Hepatic hydrothorax is a transudative pleural effusion which presents in 5-10% patients with liver cirrhosis. Although fairly uncommon, it is associated with higher morbidity and lower survival rate. The mechanism is yet to be understood fully, but the most widely accepted pathogenesis involves the presence of portal hypertension, diaphragmatic defects, and negative intrathoracal pressure, all of which lead to the formation of unidirectional passage of ascitic fluid from peritoneal cavity into pleural space. Due to its origin, the pleural effusion has similar characteristics to ascitic fluid. We herein report the case of a 60-year-old woman with advanced liver cirrhosis and right-sided moderate hepatic hydrothorax. Treatment given to the patient includes diuretics, sodium restriction, and repeated thoracentesis. Subsequent evaluation of the patient revealed improvement both clinically and radiologically.
Pengaruh ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia ) terhadap pemulihan siklus estrus mencit (Mus musculus)
Authors: Sari Diana Novita , Sumarmin Ramadhan , Arsih Fitri , Dwi Nugraha Fitra Arya
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine the effect of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract on the recovery of the estrous cycle of mice (Mus musculus) which has been induced for the extension of the estrous cycle using angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) bark extract. In this study vaginal smear was performed daily at 10.00 WIB to determine the phase of the estrous cycle for 26 days. Mice were divided into 5 groups, each with 6 replicates. The treatments were T1 (positive control), T2 (negative control), T3 (0.8 mg/head/day), T4 (2.4 mg/head/day) and T5 (4 mg/head/day). The data obtained were processed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by the Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a 95% level of significance.  The results showed that the angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) bark extract adminsitration (T2) lengthen (p <0.05) the estrous cycle of mice compared to those of normal mice (T1). The administration of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract on T3 and T4 groups mice were followed by shorter (p <0.05) estrous cycle than those of T2, and it were not significantly different (p >0.05) compared to T1 group. However, the higher dose of binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract (T5) revealed the length of estrous cycle was not significantly different (p >0.05) compared to T2 group. It can be concluded that the administration of binahong leaf extract was able to recover the normal estrous cycle of mice.
Angka kebuntingan sapi perah dengan korpus luteum persisten setelah pemberian kombinasi prostaglandin F2α dan gonadotropin
Authors: Azwani Nabila , Srianto Pudji , Madyawati Sri Pantja , Sardjito Trilas , Suprihati Endang
Published: August 2021

This case study aims to determine the effect of a combination of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) with Gonadotropin (PG-600), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the estrus and pregnancy rates in Holstein Friesian (HF) cows with persistent corpus luteum (PCL). A total of 15 Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows aged 3-5 years with body condition score (BCS) 5-7 (scale 1-9) diagnosed with PCL, were injected with 7.5 mg PGF2α intra-vulvar submucosa. Cows were then divided into three treatment groups. Group P0 was not given the combination treatment, while P1 group was injected with a  combination of 300 IU PG-600 and 150 IU hCG, meanwhile P2 group was was injected with a combination of 300 IU PG-600 and 300 IU hCG intra-muscularly. The PGF2α and PG-600 injections were carried out on the same day PCL was diagnosed. Meanwhile, the injection of hCG was carried out at the same time as the AI. The Pregnancy examination was performed 90 days after AI through rectal palpation. The results showed that all treated cows were estrus  observed with the fastest onset of estrus was the P2 group, that was significantly different (p <0.05) compared to the P0 and P1 groups. All treated cows were diagnosed as pregnant. It can be concluded that the administration of PGF2α or its combination with gonadotropins in HF cows with PCL could result in 100% estrus and pregnancy rates.
Identification of 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives against Lanosterol 14 - demethylase (CYP51) property of Candida albicans: Influence on the development of new antifungal therapeutic strategies
Authors: Verma Abhishek Kumar , Majid Aarfah , Hossain Md. Shahadat , Ahmed Sk. Faisal , Ashid Mohammad , Bhojiya Ali Asger , Ameta Satish , Upadhyay Sudhir K. , Srivastava Abhishek K. , Vishwakarma Naveen Kumar , Yadav Vijay Kumar , Teli Pankaj Kumar , Harina Harina , Alam Mudassir
Published: August 2021

This research aims to find out whether the synthetic 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have antifungal effects and can protect humans from infection with Candida albicans. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation are widely used in modern drug design to target a We are interested in using molecular docking and molecular dynamics modelling to investigate the interaction between the derivatives of 1, 2, 4-triazine and the resulting lanosterol 14 - demethylase (CYP51) of Candida albicans The inhibition of Candida albicans CYP51 is the main goal of our research. The 1, 2, 4-triazine and its derivatives have been docked to the CYP51 enzyme, which is involved in Candida albicans Multidrug Drug Resistance (MDR). Autodock tools were used to identifying the binding affinities of molecules against the target proteins. Compared to conventional fluconazole, the molecular docking results indicated that each drug has a high binding affinity for CYP51 proteins and forms unbound interactions and hydrogen bonds with their active residues and surrounding allosteric residues. The docking contacts were made using a 10 ns MD simulation with nine molecules. RMSD, RMSF, hydrogen bonds, and the Rg all confirm these conclusions. In addition, these compounds were expected to have a favorable pharmacological profile and low toxicity. The compounds are being offered as scaffolds for the development of new antifungal drugs and as candidates for future in vitro testing.
HybridTabNet: Towards Better Table Detection in Scanned Document Images
Authors: Afzal Muhammad Zeshan , Hashmi Khurram , Liwicki Marcus , Stricker Didier , Nazir Danish , Pagani Alain
Published: August 2021

Tables in the document image are one of the most important entities since they contain crucial information. Therefore, accurate table detection can significantly improve information extraction from tables. In this work, we present a novel end-to-end trainable pipeline, HybridTabNet, for table detection in scanned document images. Our two-stage table detector uses the ResNeXt-101 backbone for feature extraction and Hybrid Task Cascade (HTC) to localize the tables in scanned document images. Moreover, we replace conventional convolutions with deformable convolutions in the backbone network. This enables our network to detect tables of arbitrary layouts precisely. We evaluate our approach comprehensively on ICDAR-13, ICDAR-17 POD, ICDAR-19, TableBank, Marmot, and UNLV. Apart from the ICDAR-17 POD dataset, our proposed HybridTabNet outperforms earlier state-of-the-art results without depending on pre and post-processing steps. Furthermore, to investigate how the proposed method generalizes unseen data, we conduct an exhaustive leave-one-out-evaluation. In comparison to prior state-of-the-art results, our method reduces the relative error by 27.57% on ICDAR-2019-TrackA-Modern, 42.64% on TableBank (Latex), 41.33% on TableBank (Word), 55.73% on TableBank (Latex + Word), 10% on Marmot, and 9.67% on UNLV dataset. The achieved results reflect the superior performance of the proposed method.
Concern for Dirofilaria immitis and Macrocyclic Lactone Loss of Efficacy: Current Situation in the USA and Europe, and Future Scenarios
Authors: Diakou Anastasia , Prichard Roger K.
Published: August 2021

Dirofilaria immitis infection is one of the most severe parasitic diseases of dogs. Prevention is achieved by the administration of drugs containing macrocyclic lactones (MLs). These products are very safe and highly effective, targeting the third and fourth larval stages (L3, L4) of the parasite. Until 2011, claims of ineffectiveness of MLs, reported as “Lack of Efficacy” (LOE), were generally attributed to owners’ non-compliance, or other reason for inadequate preventative coverage. There was solid argumentation that a resistance problem is not likely to occur because of i) the great extent of refugia, ii) the complexity of resistance development to MLs, and iii) the possible big number of genes involved in resistance selection. Nevertheless, today it is unequivocally proven that ML resistant D. immitis strains exist, at least in the Lower Mississippi region, USA. Accordingly, tools have been developed, to evaluate and confirm the susceptibility status of D. immitis strains. A simple, in-clinic, microfilariae suppression test, 14-28 days after ML administration, and a “decision tree” (algorithm), including compliance and preventatives’ purchase history, and testing gaps, may be applied for assessing any resistant nature of the parasite. On the molecular level, specific SNPs may be used as markers of ML resistance, offering a basis for validation of clinically suspected resistant strains. In Europe, no LOE/resistance claims have been reported so far, and the existing conditions (stray dogs, rich wildlife, majority of owned dogs not on preventive MLs treatment) do not favor selection pressure on the parasites. Considering the genetic basis of resistance and the epizootiological characteristics of D. immitis, ML resistance neither establishes easily nor spreads quickly, a fact confirmed by the current known dispersion of the problem, which is limited. Nevertheless, ML resistance may propagate from an initial geographical point, via animal and vector mobility, to other regions, while it can also emerge as an independent evolutionary process in a new area. For these reasons and considering the current chemoprophylaxis recommendations and increasing use of ML endectoparasiticides as a potential selection pressure, it is important to remain vigilant for timely detection of any ML LOE/resistance, in all continents where D. immitis is enzootic.
Differences in Citation Patterns across Areas, Article Types and Age Groups of Researchers
Authors: Mendoza Marcelo
Published: August 2021

The evaluation of research proposals and academic careers is subject to indicators of scientific productivity. Citations are critical signs of impact for researchers, and many indicators are based on these data. The literature shows that there are differences in citation patterns between areas. The scope and depth that these differences may have to motivate the extension of these studies considering types of articles and age groups of researchers. In this work, we conducted an exploratory study to elucidate what evidence there is about the existence of these differences in citation patterns. To perform this study, we collected historical data from Scopus. Analyzing these data, we evaluate if there are measurable differences in citation patterns. This study shows that there are evident differences in citation patterns between areas, types of publications, and age groups of researchers that may be relevant when carrying out researchers’ academic evaluation.
An Investigation of Point Mutations Discovers Novel Genes and Their Corresponding Motifs in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Ghareyazi Amin , Mohseni Amir , Dashti Hamed , Dehzangi Abdollah , Rabiee Hamid R. , Alinejad-Rokny Hamid
Published: August 2021

It has now known that at least 10% of samples with pancreatic cancers (PC) contain a causative mutation in the known susceptibility genes, suggesting the importance of identifying cancer-associated genes that carry the causative mutations in high-risk individuals for early detection of PC. In this study, we develop a statistical pipeline using a new concept, called gene-motif, that utilizes both mutated genes and mutational processes to identify 4,211 3-nucleotide PC-associated gene-motifs within 203 significantly mutated genes in PC. Using these gene-motifs as distinguishable features for pancreatic cancer subtyping results in identifying five PC subtypes with distinguishable phenotypes and genotypes. Our comprehensive biological characterization reveals that these PC subtypes are associated with different molecular mechanisms including unique cancer related signaling pathways, in which for most of the subtypes targeted treatment options are currently available. Some of the pathways we identified in all five PC subtypes, including cell cycle and the Axon guidance pathway are frequently seen and mutated in cancer. We also identified Protein kinase C, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling pathway and P53 signaling pathways as potential targets for treatment of the PC subtypes. Altogether, our results uncover the importance of considering both the mutation type and mutated genes in the identification of cancer subtypes and biomarkers.
NSCLC Biomarkers to Predict Response to Immunotherapy with Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI): From the Cells to in-Vivo Images
Authors: Liberini Virginia , Mariniello Annapaola , Righi Luisella , Capozza Martina , Delcuratolo Marco Donatello , Terreno Enzo , Farsad Mohsen , Volante Marco , Novello Silvia , Deandreis Désirèe
Published: August 2021

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death and it is usually diagnosed in advanced stages (stage III or IV). Recently, the availability of targeted strategies and of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has favorably changed patient prognosis. Treatment outcome is closely related to tumor biology and interaction with the host immune microenvironment (TME). Whether for targeted therapies the response relies on the presence of specific genetic alterations in tumor cells, for ICI accurate biomarkers of response are lacking and clinical outcome likely depends on multiple factors, host and tumor-related. This paper is an overview of the ongoing research on predictive factors both from in-vitro/ex-vivo analysis (ranging from conventional pathology to molecular biology) and in-vivo analysis, where molecular imaging is showing an exponential growth and use due to the technological advancement and to the new bioinformatics approaches applied to image analyses that allow specific features recovery in specific tumor subclones.