bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Practicality of Learning Design Based on Realistic Mathematics Education of Derivative Topic for Grade XI Senior High School
Authors: Sari R P , Armiati  , Permana Dony
Published: June 2021

The derivative is one of the important subjects in mathematics. One of the goals of derivative learning is that students can solve math problems in real life. In this study, derivative learning design was developed based on Realistic Mathematics Education to make the products that consist of teacher books and student books to improve students’ mathematical problem-solving skills. The development models are used Plomp and Gravemeijer & Cobb models. Data collection was the form of questionnaires filled out by teachers and students. Then, the data is analyzed by using descriptive analysis. The results of this study can be concluded that the practical value of teacher response 81.25% and the practicality value of student response is 82.04%, so the design of learning derivative topics based on Realistic Mathematics Education has been categorized as practical. It means the RME-based learning design of derivative topics developed in teacher and student books can be used to develop students’ mathematical problem-solving skills.
The Impact of Application on Calculus 1 Teaching Materials by Using Google Classroom Media to Increase Students’ Motivation
Authors: Arnellis  , Jamaan E Z , Amalita N , Rosha M , Fitria D
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe the impact of using Google classroom media on student learning motivation in the Calculus 1 course. The type of research was used descriptive with One Shot Case Study design. The subjects in this study were students of Semester II who were taking the Calculus 1 course in the Mathematics Study Program of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, UNP which were 33 students. The instruments used in this study were a motivation questionnaire sheet and a student learning outcome test. The data analysis used was descriptive analysis by using the difference test. The results showed that students’ motivation after the implementation of lectures using Google classroom media was better than before using Google classroom. This is indicated by the motivation score obtained was 62.26 or 51.62 % in moderate. Furthermore, the average score of student learning outcome of Calculus 1 after using Google classroom media is 81.63 with sufficient criteria.
Improved Understanding of Student Particle Dynamics Concepts Using Basic Physics Modules Based on Concepts
Authors: Juita Dewi , Alwis  , Yusmaridi M
Published: June 2021

This study stems from the results of observations made by researchers who found that students had difficulty in drawing free diagrams in solving particle dynamics problems that indicated students did not understand the concept of dynamics correctly. Students have difficulty in changing information from one form to another. One of the students’ understanding of the concept of Particle Dynamics is one of them caused by the lack of use of appropriate teaching materials in learning Particle Dynamics. This basic concept-based physics module has a concept column that explains the concept of Particle Dynamics precisely. Modules are also equipped with sample questions and discussion related to concepts in the Particle Dynamics material. The purpose of this study was to find out how to increase understanding of students’ particle dynamics concepts after using a concept based physics module. The sample of this research was 28 Semester 1 Department of Biology Education IAIN Kerinci students, who were 28 students taking Basic Physics courses. The research method used is a pre experimental method with one group pretest posttest design. Research data were analyzed using . The results obtained an increase in the medium category with an average value of N-Gain  of 0.51. This increase occurs in indicators interpreting, modeling, classifying, summarizing, summarizing, comparing, and explaining
Correlation between Learning style and achievement in Physics Learning
Authors: Halim A , Wahyuni A , Susanna  , Elisa  , Hamid A. , Irwandi
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the relationship between learning styles and student learning outcomes in physics subjects. The research using survey techniques and documentation with using questionnaires and documentation method for data collection. Questionnaires are used to obtain data of learning style variables, while documentation is used to obtain data of learning outcomes variables. The results of data analysis, with the product moment correlation technique, show that there is a correlation of positive and significant relationship between learning styles and student learning outcomes in physics course. In addition, the results of the study also showed that the greatest contribution of learning styles to learning outcomes was in analytic and holistic learning styles.
The Effect of Instruction Model Using Media and Motivation on Chemical Learning Results (Study of The Effect of Instruction Models Using Media and Motivation in Learning)
Authors: Sugiharti Gulmah , Ricky Ananda Wildya
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of instruction models using animation and motivation on student chemical learning results and the interaction between instruction models and motivation. The study was conducted on all students of class XI IPA SMA Negeri 10 Medan in 3 classes and samples were taken randomly. This research is an experimental research with 2x2 factorial anava design. The factors tested were PBL model factors with Macromedia Flash, PBL models with Power Point media, while motivational factors with high and low criteria. Based on the hypothesis test at a significant level a = 0.05, it was obtained that Fcount (A) was 5.530, Fcount (B) was 29.584, and Fcount (AB) was 4.556, while the price of Ftable (0.05) (1.56) = 4.01 then Fcount> Ftable which means there is influence and interaction of learning models using animation media and motivation on student learning results. The results of this study indicate that students who are taught with the PBL model using Macromedia Flash media on highly motivated students show the highest average of 85,667, and the average of low motivated students is 80.000. Furthermore, students who were taught with the PBL model using Power Point media on highly motivated students showed an average of 85.294, and an average of students with low motivation was 72.308. Thus it was concluded that in chemical learning the topic of buffer solutions is better to use PBL models with Macromedia Flash media.
The effect of guided inquiry learning models using the help of student activity sheet on the knowledge competency of students in class xi of SMAN 1 Sungayang
Authors: Nurlaila N , Lufri L
Published: June 2021

This research is motivated by a learning process that is still teacher-centered. Students are still waiting for instructions from the teacher and are less active in implementing the learning process. The lack of teaching materials used by teachers and learning models that do not vary become one of the causes of low student learning outcomes. To overcome this problem, teachers are required to be able to use diverse learning models to improve students’ knowledge competencies. One learning model that can enable students is the guided inquiry learning model supported by student worksheet. This study aims to determine the interaction of student worksheet -assisted inquiry models with students’ knowledge competence at SMAN 1 Sungayang. This research is an experimental study with a Randomized Control Posted Only Design. The population in this study were students of class XI IPA SMAN 1 Sungayang. Data analysis techniques to test hypotheses using independent sample T-test. Hypothesis test results showed a significant effect on student learning outcomes by obtaining a small significance value of 0.05 which is 0.008 with an average value in the experimental class 84.40 while the control class 77.74.
The identification of preservice biology teacher’s misconceptions on the concept of mangrove ecology using the certainty of response index (CRI)
Authors: Hindrasti N E K , Putri A N
Published: June 2021

The integration of mangrove ecological concepts and contexts in biology learning is expected to support maritime-based education. The concept of mangrove ecology is important to understand by preservice biology teachers, especially in coastal areas. The real knowledge and experience of preservice biology teachers in coastal areas related to mangroves is predicted to be different from the concept of mangrove ecology that has been studied by experts. This causes misconceptions that can affect the integration of the concept of mangroves ecology in biology learning. To analyzed the misconceptions of preservice biology teachers, the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) method was used. The instrument used was a multiple choice test equipped with a confidence level in answering it. Identification of misconceptions using CRI was carried out to determine the level of understanding and misconceptions of preservice biology teachers, then also to identify what sub-concepts these misconceptions occurred. The research was conducted on 12 preservice biology teacher who took mangrove ecology courses in the 2018/2019 school year. The results of the average distribution preservice biology teacher’ understanding levels are 45% understanding of the concept, 7% guessing, 8% not understanding the concept, and 40% misconception. The sub-concept with the most misconceptions was the mangrove research method as much as 47.92%, while the least occurred in the sub-concept of mangrove resilience 33.33%. Given the high level of misconceptions, it is necessary to increase the understanding of the concept of preservice biology teacher related to the concept of mangrove ecology. The use of the CRI method can be used to distinguish groups between students who experience misconceptions and students who lack of knowledge but are unable to explain the reasoning process and the specific causes of misconceptions that occur in students. In order for misconceptions to be identified more specifically and accurately, a combination of other techniques is needed in addition to the use of tests to carry out further misconception analysis.
Validity level analysis model PjBL for biology learning
Authors: Hajar I , Lufri  , Fauzan A
Published: June 2021

Researcher has develop based model project based learning, this model known as the PjBL for Biologi learning. The purpose of this research is to know the level validity model developed. PjBL developed for learning biology in the study education biology program at Riau of Islamic University (UIR). This research uses the method R & D, the model used the model Plomp (2013 ). Data collection techniques using a technique. interviews and survey. Data analysis by determining the s cohen’ kappa berbantuan spss version 20. The results of the study explained that book model PjBL developed being used to the revision of small. Guidebooks work lecturer developed very reasonable used with small revision. Guidebooks work student who developed very reasonable used with small revision. The study conclusion PjBL model developed very reasonable used learning in biology.
Literature Study: Utilization of Android-Based Learning Media Using Adobe Flash CS 6 (As An Educational Solution During The Covid-19 Pandemic)
Authors: Irawan Rio
Published: June 2021

This literature study aims to determine the use ofAndroid-Based Learning Media as a solution during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The data used is secondary data using the literature method, namely by studying and reading literature related to the problems that are the object of research, such as books, articles, journals, surveys, news and other documents. The results of the study reveal that the number ofAndroidusers in Indonesia is quite high and increasing every year, such as in 2015-2018 an increase of 27%, so it will be effective if used as a learning medium. In addition, this pandemic condition causes the need for the use ofAndroid-based Learning Media to be quite significant. In contrast to the ability of educators in mastery of technology, there are only 40% of educators who are ready for technology because for media creation at this time sufficient technological capabilities are needed, so the use ofAndroid-Based Learning Media is quite low, especially those usingAndroidapplications based onAdobe Flash CS6. Where it is necessary to have regular training so that the competence of Educators is in accordance with the demands and conditions of the times. Especially with the current condition of the Covid-19 Pandemic, the ability of teachers in technology is needed to support the learning process. so that the use ofAndroid-Based Learning Media is quite low, especially those that useAndroidapplications based onAdobe Flash CS6. Where it is necessary to have regular training so that the competence of Educators is in accordance with the demands and conditions of the times. Especially with the current condition of the Covid-19 Pandemic, the ability of teachers in technology is needed to support the learning process. so that the use ofAndroid-Based Learning Media is quite low, especially those that useAndroidapplications based onAdobe Flash CS6. Where it is necessary to have regular training so that the competence of Educators is in accordance with the demands and conditions of the times. Especially with the current condition of the Covid-19 Pandemic, the ability of teachers in technology is needed to support the learning process.
The Potential of Podcast as Online Learning Media for Supporting Visual Impairment Students to Introduction to Education Course in Universitas Negeri Padang
Authors: Kusumastuti Grahita , Supendra Dedi
Published: June 2021

Education equality has been a critical issue in higher education where the students with special needs should obtain the equal opportunities to acquire knowledge through the appropriate learning methods and media. This article discussed the analysis of the potential of Podcast as learning media for inclusive students, specifically for those with visual impairment in online educational setting. This study conducted the qualitative methods with focus group discussion to collect the data. Four blind students from Special Education Department, Faculty of Education in Universitas Negeri Padang involved through video conference application, Zoom, approximately 50 minutes. There were two aspects would be analysed, such as: the characteristic of the learners and the course, and current learning situation. For the results, it is indicated from the students that there should have been certain methods and media to increase the engagement of inclusive students to the materials provided in online learning. As the students have difficulty in visual ability, it is necessary to develop a specific learning media to help the students cope with the problems. Developing Podcast for learning is expected to be one of the strategies to help blind students understand the topic studied more easily.
Climate-driven phenological changes in the Russian Arctic derived from MODIS LAI time series 2000–2019
Authors: Shabanov N V , Marshall G J , Rees W G , Bartalev S A , Tutubalina O V , Golubeva E I
Published: June 2021

Arctic surface temperature has increased at approximately twice the global rate over the past few decades and is also projected to warm most in the 21st century. However, the mechanism of Arctic vegetation response to this warming remains largely uncertain. Here, we analyse variations in the seasonal profiles of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Leaf Area Index (LAI) and ERA-interim cumulative near-Surface Air Temperature (SATΣ) over the northern Russia, north of 60° N for 2000–2019. We find that commonly used broad temporal interval (seasonal) trends cannot fully represent complex interannual variations of the LAI profile over the growing season. A sequence of narrow temporal interval (weekly) LAI trends form an inverted S-shape over the course of the growing season with enhanced green-up and senescence, but balanced during the growing season’s peak. Spatial patterns of weekly LAI trends match with those of weekly SATΣtrends during the green-up, while the drivers of the browning trends during senescence remain unclear. Geographically the area with the statistically significant temperature-driven enhanced green-up is restricted by a large patch carrying significant positive SATΣtrends, which includes North Siberian Lowland, Taimyr, Yamal and adjacent territories. The strength, duration and timing of the changes depend on vegetation type: enhanced green-up is most pronounced in tundra, while enhanced senescence is pronounced in forests. Continued release of the climatic constraints will likely increase the capacity both of the environment (i.e. permafrost thawing) and vegetation (i.e. appearance of more productive woody species), and transform LAI seasonal shifts to change of LAI seasonal amplitude.
The role of lake morphometry in modulating surface water carbon concentrations in boreal lakes
Authors: Casas-Ruiz Joan P , Jakobsson Julia , del Giorgio Paul A
Published: June 2021

Earth’s lakes vary greatly in size and morphometry, from small circular lakes of hundreds of m2 to large and deep fractal systems of several thousands of km2. Previous research has demonstrated a link between the size of lakes and their carbon dynamics. However, the influence of lake morphometry on lake carbon biogeochemistry remains largely unexplored. Here, we analyze the morphometry and carbon concentrations of more than 250 lakes across boreal Quebec, encompassing a wide range in lake size from 0.002 to 4300 km2. We show that, in addition to lake size, the biogeochemistry of lake carbon is influenced by the circularity, shoreline complexity and vertical profile of the lake. Yet the type and degree of influence vary among the different carbon species. A comparative exercise shows that taking into account the morphometry of lakes moderately increases the predictive power of empirical models of carbon concentration across lakes. Therefore, future studies might benefit from adding lake morphometry metrics to the empirical rules used for prediction and upscaling.
Balancing food security and environmental sustainability by optimizing seasonal-spatial crop production in Bangladesh
Authors: Li Man , Guo Zhe , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2021

The intensification of crop production has been identified as one of the major drivers of environmental degradation. While significant advances could still be made with more widespread adoption of sustainable intensification technologies that address the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers, the dynamic use of agricultural land across seasons and associated crop-specific responses to fertilizer applications have so far been largely overlooked. This paper explores the potential for improving the economic-environmental performance of crop production through spatially integrated modeling and optimization, as applied to Bangladesh. Results show that per-billion-Taka nitrogen loss from soil would decline by 83% from the baseline level through factoring in crop-specific, seasonal and spatial variations in crop nitrogen-use efficiency and nitrogen transport. The approach should complement other policy analysis and decision-support tools to assess alternative options for maximizing the positive outcomes of nitrogen fertilizers with regard to farm income and food security, while maintaining environmental sustainability.
Preparation of dodecyltrimethoxysilane surface organic LDHs and application in aging resistance of SBS modified bitumen
Authors: Zhang Canlin , Chen Minxuan , Yu Meng , Wang Ting , Chen Guochuan , He Jun , Hu Changbin
Published: June 2021

Dodecyltrimethoxysilane surface organic layered double hydroxides (LDHs) was synthesized and used to improve the aging resistance of SBS modified bitumen (SMB), According to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction and Contact angle meter, dodecyltrimethoxysilane has been chemically grafted onto the surface of LDHs and will not affect the crystal structure of LDHs. After dodecyltrimethoxysilane surface organic modification, the -OH on the surface of LDHs was decreased, meanwhile, some organic groups were introduced into LDHs, which contributed to reducing the surface hydrophilicity of LDHs. Then, the physical, rheological properties and chemical structure of SMB containing OLDHs and LDHs before and after aging were studied thoroughly. Compared with LDHs, the compatibility of OLDHs in SMB has been significantly enhanced. Furthermore, OLDHs modified SMB exhibited more excellent high-temperature behavior. After aging, bitumen was oxidized and SBS was degraded, the physical and rheological properties of SMB were seriously deteriorated. The addition of LDHs can suppress the destruction of aging on the performance and chemical structure of SBM, and enhance the aging resistance of SBM. The enhancement of LDHs has been notably strengthened after dodecyltrimethoxysilane surface organic modification.
Laser ablation in liquids for nanomaterial synthesis: diversities of targets and liquids
Authors: Zhang Dongshi , Li Zhuguo , Sugioka Koji
Published: June 2021

The demand is growing for new nanoscience-based technologies with unique properties that are different from traditional wet-chemical techniques. In recent years, laser ablation in liquid (LAL) has attracted increasing attention for nanomaterial synthesis, which has rapidly advanced both fundamental research and applications. Compared to other techniques, LAL is easy to set up and simple to perform. A large diversity of bulk and powder targets can be employed for LAL, which combined with an enormous variety of liquids, greatly diversify the nanomaterials that can be synthesized by LAL in terms of size, composition, shape, and structure. Although many reviews related to LAL have been published, a comprehensively thorough introduction that deals with the diversity of the targets and liquids used for LAL is still missing. To fill this gap, this review gives a comprehensive summary of the nanomaterials synthesized by LAL using different types of target and liquid, with an emphasis on the effects of liquids on the final nanoproducts. In order to provide a better understanding of the liquids’ effects, this review also discusses liquid additives such as salts, polymers, support materials, and their mixtures. Since many reactions occur during LAL, the scope of reactive laser ablation in liquid (RLAL) is redefined, and the representative reactions for each type of liquid used for LAL are summarized and highlighted. Consequently, this review will be a useful guide for researchers developing desirable nanomaterials via LAL.
Degradation in lithium ion battery current collectors
Authors: Guo Liya , Thornton Daisy B , Koronfel Mohamed A , Stephens Ifan E L , Ryan Mary P
Published: June 2021

Lithium ion battery (LIB) technology is the state-of-the-art rechargeable energy storage technology for electric vehicles, stationary energy storage and personal electronics. However, a wide variety of degradation effects still contribute to performance limitations. The metallic copper and aluminium current collectors in an LIB can be subject to dissolution or other reactions with the electrolytes. Corrosion of these metal foils is significantly detrimental to the overall performance of an LIB, however the mechanisms of this degradation are poorly understood. This review summarises the key effects contributing to metal current collector degradation in LIBs as well as introduces relevant corrosion and LIB principles. By developing the understanding of these complex chemistries, LIB degradation can be mitigated, enabling safer operation and longer lifetimes.
Multilevel decompositions and norms for negative order Sobolev spaces
Authors: Führer Thomas
Published: June 2021

We consider multilevel decompositions of piecewise constants on simplicial meshes that are stable in

H

−
s

H^{-s}

for

s
∈
(
0
,
1
)

s\in (0,1)

. Proofs are given in the case of uniformly and locally refined meshes. Our findings can be applied to define local multilevel diagonal preconditioners that lead to bounded condition numbers (independent of the mesh-sizes and levels) and have optimal computational complexity. Furthermore, we discuss multilevel norms based on local (quasi-)projection operators that allow the efficient evaluation of negative order Sobolev norms. Numerical examples and a discussion on several extensions and applications conclude this article.
Hamiltonian perturbation theory for ultra-differentiable functions
Authors: Bounemoura Abed , Féjoz Jacques
Published: June 2021

Some scales of spaces of ultra-differentiable functions are introduced, having good stability properties with respect to infinitely many derivatives and compositions. They are well-suited for solving non-linear functional equations by means of hard implicit function theorems. They comprise Gevrey functions and thus, as a limiting case, analytic functions. Using majorizing series, we manage to characterize them in terms of a real sequence

M
M

bounding the growth of derivatives.

In this functional setting, we prove two fundamental results of Hamiltonian perturbation theory: the invariant torus theorem, where the invariant torus remains ultra-differentiable under the assumption that its frequency satisfies some arithmetic condition which we call BR

M

_M

, and which generalizes the Bruno-Rüssmann condition; and Nekhoroshev’s theorem, where the stability time depends on the ultra-differentiable class of the pertubation, through the same sequence

M
M

. Our proof uses periodic averaging, while a substitute for the analyticity width allows us to bypass analytic smoothing.

We also prove converse statements on the destruction of invariant tori and on the existence of diffusing orbits with ultra-differentiable perturbations, by respectively mimicking a construction of Bessi (in the analytic category) and Marco-Sauzin (in the Gevrey non-analytic category). When the perturbation space satisfies some additional condition (we then call it matching), we manage to narrow the gap between stability hypotheses (e.g. the BR

M

_M

condition) and instability hypotheses, thus circumbscribing the stability threshold.

The formulas relating the growth

M
M

of derivatives of the perturbation on the one hand, and the arithmetics of robust frequencies or the stability time on the other hand, bring light to the competition between stability properties of nearly integrable systems and the distance to integrability. Due to our method of proof using width of regularity as a regularizing parameter, these formulas are closer to optimal as the the regularity tends to analyticity.
A weakly normal ultrafilter amenable to its ultrapower
Authors: Gitik Moti
Published: June 2021

We build a weakly normal ultrafilter which is amenable to its ultrapower. This answers a question of G. Goldberg [The internal relation, 1810.04290v2, 2018].
Orthogonality relations on certain homogeneous spaces
Authors: Leung Chi-Wai
Published: June 2021

Let

G
G

be a locally compact group and let

K
K

be its closed subgroup. Write

G
^

K

\widehat {G}_{K}

for the set of irreducible representations with non-zero

K
K

-invariant vectors. We call a pair

(
G
,
K
)

(G,K)

admissible if for each irreducible representation

(
π
,

V

π

)

(\pi , V_{\pi })

in

G
^

K

\widehat {G}_{K}

, its

K
K

-invariant subspace

V

π

K

V_{\pi }^{K}

is of finite dimension. For each

π
\pi

in

G
^

K

\widehat {G}_{K}

, let

π

v

i

,

ξ
¯

j

\pi _{v_{i}, \overline {\xi }_{j}}

’s
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="left-parenthesis pi Subscript v Sub Subscript i Subscript comma xi overbar Sub Subscript j Subscript Baseline left-parenthesis g upper K right-parenthesis colon-equal mathematical left-angle v Subscript i Baseline comma pi left-parenthesis g right-parenthesis xi Subscript j Baseline mathematical right-angle right-parenthesis">

(

π

v

i

,

ξ
¯

j

(
g
K
)
≔
⟨

v

i

,
π
(
g
)

ξ

j

⟩
)

(\pi _{v_{i}, \overline {\xi }_{j}}(gK)≔\langle v_{i}, \pi (g)\xi _{j}\rangle )

be the matrix coefficeints on

G

/

K

G/K

induced by fixed orthonormal bases

{

v

i

}

\{v_{i}\}

and

{

ξ

j

}

\{\xi _{j}\}

for

V

π

V_{\pi }

and

V

π

K

V_{\pi }^{K}

respectively. A probability measure

μ
\mu

on

G

/

K

G/K

is called a spectral measure if there is a subset

Γ
\Gamma

of

G
^

K

\widehat {G}_{K}

such that the set of all such matrix coefficients

π

v

i

,

ξ
¯

j

,
 
π
∈
Γ
,

\pi _{v_{i}, \overline {\xi }_{j}},\ \pi \in \Gamma ,

constitutes an orthonormal basis for

L

2

(
G

/

K
,
μ
)

L^{2}(G/K, \mu )

with some suitable normalization of these matrix coordinate functions.

In this paper, we shall give a characterization of a spectral measure for an admissible pair

(
G
,
K
)

(G,K)

by using the Fourier transform on

G

/

K

G/K

. Also, from this we show that there is a “local translation” (we call it locally regular representation in the sequel) of

G
G

on

L

2

(
G

/

K
,
μ
)

L^{2}(G/K, \mu )

under a mild condition. This will give us some necessary conditions for the existence of spectral measures. In particular, the atomic spectral measures of finite supports for Gelfand pairs are studied.
Convexity of 𝜆-hypersurfaces
Authors: Lee Tang-Kai
Published: June 2021

We prove that any

n
n

-dimensional closed mean convex

λ
\lambda

- hypersurface is convex if

λ
≤
0.

\lambda \le 0.

This generalizes Guang’s work on

2
2

-dimensional strictly mean convex

λ
\lambda

-hypersurfaces. As a corollary, we obtain a gap theorem for closed

λ
\lambda

-hypersurfaces with

λ
≤
0.

\lambda \le 0.
Asymptotic dimension of planes and planar graphs
Authors: Fujiwara Koji , Papasoglu Panos
Published: June 2021

We show that the asymptotic dimension of a geodesic space that is homeomorphic to a subset in the plane is at most three. In particular, the asymptotic dimension of the plane and any planar graph is at most three.
Unfazed: parent-of-origin detection for large and small de novo variants
Authors: Belyeu Jonathan R , Sasani Thomas A , Pedersen Brent S , Quinlan Aaron R
Published: June 2021

Unfazed is a command-line tool to determine the parental gamete of origin for de novo mutations from paired-end Illumina DNA sequencing reads. Unfazed uses variant information for a sequenced trio to identify the parental gamete of origin by linking phase-informative inherited variants to de novo mutations using read-based phasing. It achieves a high success rate by chaining reads into haplotype groups, thus increasing the search space for informative sites. Unfazed provides a simple command-line interface and scales well to large inputs, determining parent-of-origin for nearly 30 000 de novo variants in under 60 h.

Availability and implementation

Unfazed is available at https://github.com/jbelyeu/unfazed.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hope during and Post-Disasters: Social Work’s Role in Creating and Nurturing Emancipatory Hope
Authors: Boddy Jennifer , O’Leary Patrick , Panagiotaros Chris Victor
Published: June 2021

Disasters pose fundamental tests to human resilience not only for physical survival but also on socio-political civility. Internationally, armed conflict remains a significant problem for human security causing humanitarian crises, such as forced migration and food shortages. Globally, there is an increasing recognition that disasters have moved from random events of nature to an increased consciousness that human activity has escalated the frequency and severity of climate catastrophes such as wildfires, famines, storms and rising sea levels. Alongside communities, social work has a critical role to play in preparing and responding to disasters and working with people to rebuild, maintain and achieve their hopes. This article broadens social work’s orientation to hope beyond the therapeutic ‘installation of hope’ by including emancipatory hope in the context of disasters and recovery. Drawing from Braithwaite’s work, this article describes a framework for practice, which advocates for the strategic integration of cognitive change (aligned with Snyder’s view of hope) and structural change (aligned with emancipatory hope) that social workers could mobilise before, during and after disasters. We argue that whilst social workers must build individual psychological hope, this cannot be done without structural change and advocacy to enable viable pathways for achieving hopes.
DNA methylation at birth potentially mediates the association between prenatal lead (Pb) exposure and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Rygiel Christine A , Dolinoy Dana C , Bakulski Kelly M , Aung Max T , Perng Wei , Jones Tamara R , Solano-González Maritsa , Hu Howard , Tellez-Rojo Martha M , Schnaas Lourdes , Marcela Erika , Peterson Karen E , Goodrich Jaclyn M
Published: June 2021

Early-life lead (Pb) exposure has been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Recent evidence has indicated a critical role of DNA methylation (DNAm) in cognition, and Pb exposure has also been shown to alter DNAm. However, it is unknown whether DNAm is part of the mechanism of Pb neurotoxicity. This longitudinal study investigated the associations between trimester-specific (T1, T2, and T3) maternal blood Pb concentrations, gene-specific DNAm in umbilical cord blood, and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 and 24 months of age (mental development index, psychomotor development index, and behavioral rating scale of orientation/engagement and emotional regulation) among 85 mother–infant pairs from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) study. In the mediation analysis for this pilot study, P < 0.1 was considered significant. DNAm at a locus in CCSER1 (probe ID cg02901723) mediated the association between T2 Pb on 24-month orientation/engagement [indirect effect estimate 4.44, 95% confidence interval (−0.09, 10.68), P = 0.06] and emotional regulation [3.62 (−0.05, 8.69), P = 0.05]. Cg18515027 (GCNT1) DNAm mediated the association of T1 Pb [−4.94 (−10.6, −0.77), P = 0.01] and T2 Pb [−3.52 (−8.09, −0.36), P = 0.02] with 24-month EMOCI, but there was a positive indirect effect estimate between T2 Pb and 24-month psychomotor development index [1.25 (−0.11, 3.32), P = 0.09]. The indirect effect was significant for cg19703494 (TRAPPC6A) DNAm in the association between T2 Pb and 24-month mental development index [1.54 (0, 3.87), P = 0.05]. There was also an indirect effect of cg23280166 (VPS11) DNAm on T3 Pb and 24-month EMOCI [2.43 (−0.16, 6.38), P = 0.08]. These associations provide preliminary evidence for gene-specific DNAm as mediators between prenatal Pb and adverse cognitive outcomes in offspring.
Necrotizing myopathy presenting as congestive heart failure and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias: a case report
Authors: Lim Kyunghee , Park Jong Sung , Yoon Byeol-A , Han Song-Hee
Published: June 2021

Background

Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy is a rare subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy; however, it can be associated with fatal cardiac manifestations.

Case summary

A 58-year-old female patient was referred for congestive heart failure with dysrhythmia. Electrocardiograms showed ventricular arrhythmias of various QRS complex morphologies and coupling intervals with beat-to-beat differences. Despite optimal medical therapy for heart failure, the patient was admitted for the progression of dyspnoea and generalized motor weakness. The burden of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia gradually increased, and ventricular fibrillation eventually occurred. In view of a differential diagnosis of an inflammatory myocardial diseases such as sarcoidosis, a cardiac biopsy was performed. However, pathologic examinations revealed only necrotic muscle fibres without granuloma. Further examinations revealed proximal dominant motor weakness, an elevated serum creatinine-phosphokinase level, myogenic potentials on needle electromyography, and biceps muscle biopsy findings that were compatible with necrotizing autoimmune myopathy. High-dose steroid therapy improved the patient’s motor weakness, including her respiratory impairment, and successfully suppressed ventricular arrhythmias.

Discussion

This case suggests that intensive immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose steroid could be useful in the necrotizing autoimmune myopathy manifested as congestive heart failure and life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias.
A case report of successful complex percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome in a paediatric patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: Deshpande Mrunmayee , Phadke Milind , Khan Abid Talha , Mahajan Ajay U
Published: June 2021

Background

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a primary genetic dyslipidaemia characterized by elevation in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and its deposition in systemic arteries, which causes premature atherosclerosis.

Case summary

A 10-year-old girl presented with severe symptomatic coronary artery disease. She demonstrated characteristic morphological features of FH. Despite aggressive medical management and lipid-lowering therapy, her symptoms were not relieved and she had dynamic electrocardiogram changes. Coronary angiography showed a distal left main coronary artery lesion along with significant lesions in ostio-proximal and mid-left circumflex artery which were managed by provisional left main coronary artery to left circumflex artery stenting technique, with good immediate- and short-term results and angina relief.

Discussion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a paediatric patient with FH and acute coronary syndrome treated with percutaneous coronary intervention to left main coronary artery and left circumflex artery using provisional stenting technique. Revascularization strategies for symptomatic coronary artery disease in paediatric patients with FH have multiple unique challenges and remain an unexplored and under-reported subject.
Anakinra treats fulminant myocarditis fromNeisseria meningitidissepticaemia and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report
Authors: Thomson Ross J , Singh Animesh , Knight Daniel S , Buckley Jim , Lamb Lucy E , Captur Gabriella
Published: June 2021

Background

Fulminant myocarditis is a life-threatening condition characterized by acute cardiac dysfunction requiring pharmacological or mechanical circulatory support. Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an uncommon state of immune dysregulation and overactivation. Inflammation mediated by interleukin-1 (IL-1) is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of myocarditis and HLH, and there is some evidence that the IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra may play a role in treating both these conditions.

Case summary

A 26-year-old previously healthy male presented to the Emergency Department with a 3-day history of malaise, headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, and fever. He was profoundly hypotensive on arrival, diagnosed with septic shock, and commenced on broad-spectrum antibiotics and vasopressors. Blood tests showed lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, low fibrinogen and elevated high sensitivity troponin T, ferritin, and C-reactive protein. Echocardiography demonstrated severely impaired biventricular systolic function and a diagnosis of fulminant myocarditis was made. His condition deteriorated and he required intubation and additional inotropic support. A diagnosis of HLH was made and he was commenced on Anakinra and Methylprednisolone. His condition improved rapidly thereafter. Polymerase chain reaction testing subsequently confirmed infection with Neisseria meningitidis.

Discussion

In this case, fulminant myocarditis and HLH were life-threatening manifestations of meningococcal septicaemia, and the patient’s condition improved rapidly following administration of the IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra. These complications should be borne in mind in septic patients with marked haemodynamic instability and multiorgan dysfunction, and treatment with Anakinra should be considered in those who fail to respond to conventional therapy.
Lifestyle, cardiometabolic disease, and multimorbidity in a prospective Chinese study
Authors: Han Yuting , Hu Yizhen , Yu Canqing , Guo Yu , Pei Pei , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Du Huaidong , Sun Dianjianyi , Pang Yuanjie , Chen Ningyu , Clarke Robert , Chen Junshi , Chen Zhengming , Li Liming , Lv Jun ,   on behalf of the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group
Published: June 2021

Aims 

The potential difference in the impacts of lifestyle factors (LFs) on progression from healthy to first cardiometabolic disease (FCMD), subsequently to cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), and further to death is unclear.

Methods and results 

We used data from the China Kadoorie Biobank of 461 047 adults aged 30–79 free of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes at baseline. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of two or three CMDs, including ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We used multi-state model to analyse the impacts of high-risk LFs (current smoking or quitting because of illness, current excessive alcohol drinking or quitting, poor diet, physical inactivity, and unhealthy body shape) on the progression of CMD. During a median follow-up of 11.2 years, 87 687 participants developed at least one CMD, 14 164 developed CMM, and 17 541 died afterwards. Five high-risk LFs played crucial but different roles in all transitions from healthy to FCMD, to CMM, and then to death. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) per one-factor increase were 1.20 (1.19, 1.21) and 1.14 (1.11, 1.16) for transitions from healthy to FCMD, and from FCMD to CMM, and 1.21 (1.19, 1.23), 1.12 (1.10, 1.15), and 1.10 (1.06, 1.15) for mortality risk from healthy, FCMD, and CMM, respectively. When we further divided FCMDs into IHD, ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke, and T2D, we found that LFs played different roles in disease-specific transitions even within the same transition stage.

Conclusion 

Assuming causality exists, our findings emphasize the significance of integrating comprehensive lifestyle interventions into both health management and CMD management.
Healthcare system and social trust in the fight against COVID-19: the case of France
Authors: Amdaoud Mounir , Arcuri Giuseppe , Levratto Nadine
Published: June 2021

Background

COVID-19, like all pandemics, has territorial specificities that need to be considered: the impact of the COVID-19 crisis strongly differs not only across countries, but also across regions, districts and municipalities within countries. There are several factors that, potentially, can contribute to the differentiated impact of COVID-19, and explain the disparities seen among areas. This study aims to contribute to this debate by analyzing the role of health system and social trust in lessening the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in French ‘départements’.

Methods

The data used in this study have been provided by the INSEE and the French Ministry of Health. Database is made up of the 96 ‘départements’ of metropolitan France. We use spatial analysis techniques to identify the groups of areas that are particularly affected, and to test the influence of local socio-economic factors on the spread of the epidemic.

Results

Our exploratory spatial analysis reveals the heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation of the disease. The use of spatial econometric models, then, allows us to highlight the impact of emergency services, and social capital in reducing the exposition to COVID-19. Our results also report on the role of spillover effects between neighbouring areas.

Conclusions

This research shows that, although individual characteristics are important factors in explaining the probability of contracting COVID-19 disease, health care services and social trust factors also play a significant role in curbing the epidemic’s outbreak. These findings should have an interest for policy makers in the prevention of future waves of COVID-19 pandemic.
Correlated Evolution of Acrobatic Display and Both Neural and Somatic Phenotypic Traits in Manakins (Pipridae)
Authors: Day Lainy B , Helmhout Wilson , Pano Glendin , Olsson Urban , Hoeksema Jason D , Lindsay Willow R
Published: June 2021

Brightly colored manakin (Aves: Pipridae) males are known for performing acrobatic displays punctuated by non-vocal sounds (sonations) in order to attract dull colored females. The complexity of the display sequence and assortment of display elements involved (e.g., sonations, acrobatic maneuvers, and cooperative performances) varies considerably across manakin species. Species-specific display elements coevolve with display-distinct specializations of the neuroanatomical, muscular, endocrine, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems in the handful of species studied. Conducting a broader comparative study, we previously found positive associations between display complexity and both brain mass and body mass across eight manakin genera, indicating selection for neural and somatic expansion to accommodate display elaboration. Whether this gross morphological variation is due to overall brain and body mass expansion (concerted evolution) versus size increases in only functionally relevant brain regions and growth of particular body (“somatic”) features (mosaic evolution) remains to be explored. Here, we test the hypothesis that cross-species variation in male brain mass and body mass is driven by mosaic evolution. We predicted positive associations between display complexity and variation in the volume of the cerebellum and sensorimotor arcopallium, brain regions which have roles in sensorimotor processes, and learning and performance of precisely timed and sequenced thoughts and movements, respectively. In contrast, we predicted no associations between the volume of a limbic arcopallial nucleus or a visual thalamic nucleus and display complexity as these regions have no-specific functional relationship to display behavior. For somatic features, we predicted that the relationship between body mass and complexity would not include contributions of tarsus length based on a recent study suggesting selection on tarsus length is less labile than body mass. We tested our hypotheses in males from 12 manakin species and a closely related flycatcher. Our analyses support mosaic evolution of neural and somatic features functionally relevant to display and indicate that sexual selection for acrobatic complexity increases the capacity for procedural learning via cerebellar enlargement and may decrease maneuverability via increases in tarsus length.
On Nilpotent Extensions of ∞-Categories and the Cyclotomic Trace
Authors: Elmanto Elden , Sosnilo Vladimir
Published: June 2021

We do three things in this paper: (1) study the analog of localization sequences (in the sense of algebraic $K$-theory of stable $\infty $-categories) for additive $\infty $-categories, (2) define the notion of nilpotent extensions for suitable $\infty $-categories and furnish interesting examples such as categorical square-zero extensions, and (3) use (1) and (2) to extend the Dundas–Goodwillie–McCarthy theorem for stable $\infty $-categories that are not monogenically generated (such as the stable $\infty $-category of Voevodsky’s motives or the stable $\infty $-category of perfect complexes on some algebraic stacks). The key input in our paper is Bondarko’s notion of weight structures, which provides a “ring-with-many-objects” analog of a connective $\mathbb{E}_1$-ring spectrum. As applications, we prove cdh descent results for truncating invariants of stacks extending the work by Hoyois–Krishna for homotopy $K$-theory and establish new cases of Blanc’s lattice conjecture.