bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Binding‐Site Homology between Mushroom and Bacterial Tyrosinases by Using Aurones as Effectors
Authors: Haudecoeur Romain , Gouron Aurélie , Dubois Carole , Jamet Hélène , Lightbody Mark , Hardré Renaud , Milet Anne , Bergantino Elisabetta , Bubacco Luigi , Belle Catherine , Réglier Marius , Boumendjel Ahcène
Published: May 2014

Tyrosinase is a copper‐containing enzyme found in plants and bacteria, as well as in humans, where it is involved in the biosynthesis of melanin‐type pigments. Tyrosinase inhibitors have attracted remarkable research interest as whitening agents in cosmetology, antibrowning agents in food chemistry, and as therapeutics. In this context, commercially available tyrosinase from mushroom (TyM) is frequently used for the identification of inhibitors. This and bacterial tyrosinase (TyB) have been the subjects of intense biochemical and structural studies, including X‐ray diffraction analysis, and this has led to the identification of structural homology and divergence among enzymes from different sources. To better understand the behavior of potential inhibitors of TyM and TyB, we selected the aurone family—previously identified as potential inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis in human melanocytes. In this study, a series of 24 aurones with different hydroxylation patterns at the A‐ and B‐rings were evaluated on TyM and TyB. The results show that, depending on the hydroxylation pattern of A‐ and B‐rings, aurones can behave as inhibitors, substrates, and activators of both enzymes. Computational analysis was performed to identify residues surrounding the aurones in the active sites of both enzymes and to rationalize the interactions. Our results highlight similarities and divergence in the behavior of TyM and TyB toward the same set of molecules.
Artificial Plasmid Labeled with 5‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine: A Universal Molecular System for Strand Break Detection
Authors: Zylicz‐Stachula Agnieszka , Polska Katarzyna , Skowron Piotr , Rak Janusz
Published: May 2014

DNA strand breaks (SBs) are among the most cytotoxic forms of DNA damage, and their residual levels correlate directly with cell death. Hence, the type and amount of SBs is directly related to the efficacy of a given anticancer therapy. In this study, we describe a molecular tool that can differentiate between single (SSBs) and double (DSBs) strand breaks and also assess them quantitatively. Our method involves PCR amplification of a linear DNA fragment labeled with a sensitizing nucleotide, circularization of that fragment, and enzymatic introduction of supercoils to transform the circular relaxed form of the synthesized plasmid into a supercoiled one. After exposure of the molecule to a damaging factor, SSB and DSB levels can be easily assayed with gel electrophoresis. We applied this method to prepare an artificial plasmid labeled with 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine and to assay SBs photoinduced in the synthesized plasmid.
A New Chemical Probe for Phosphatidylinositol Kinase Activity
Authors: Sherratt Allison R. , Nasheri Neda , McKay Craig S. , O'Hara Shifawn , Hunt Ashley , Ning Zhibin , Figeys Daniel , Goto Natalie K. , Pezacki John Paul
Published: May 2014

Phosphatidylinositol kinases (PIKs) are key enzymatic regulators of membrane phospholipids and membrane environments that control many aspects of cellular function, from signal transduction to secretion, through the Golgi apparatus. Here, we have developed a photoreactive “clickable” probe, PIK‐BPyne, to report the activity of PIKs. We investigated the selectivity and efficiency of the probe to both inhibit and label PIKs, and we compared PIK‐BPyne to a wortmannin activity‐based probe also known to target PIKs. We found that PIK‐BPyne can act as an effective in situ activity‐based probe, and for the first time, report changes in PI4K‐IIIβ activity induced by the hepatitis C virus. These results establish the utility of PIK‐BPyne for activity‐based protein profiling studies of PIK function in native biological systems.
Periprocedural and long‐term outcomes of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in cardiology practice
Authors: Basoor Abhijeet , Patel Kiritkumar C. , Halabi Abdul R. , Todorov Mina , Senthilvadivel Prashanth , Choksi Nishit , Phan Thanh , LaLonde Thomas , Yamasaki Hiroshi , DeGregorio Michele
Published: May 2014

Background

Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has recently been made a class I indication in the treatment of AAA. In comparison to the conventional open surgical treatment, endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) is associated with equivalent long‐term morbidity and mortality rates. Vascular surgeons perform majority of EVAR. There are no reports for the long‐term results of this intervention performed by interventional cardiologists. We present one of the first reports of periprocedural and long‐term outcomes of EVAR performed by interventional cardiologists.

Methods

Retrospective chart review on patients with attempted EVAR between September 2005 and January 2011 was performed. Included cases were all consecutive patients who had attempted EVAR by interventional cardiologists.

Results

During the study period EVAR was attempted in 170 patients, with 27% being women. The mean age was 74 years (range 52–93). The endovascular graft placement was successful in 96% (163/170) of patients. Procedure failures were more common in women (6 of 46 vs 1 of 124, P = 0.003). The 30‐day mortality was 1.8 % (3 of 170). In patients with successful EVAR the mean follow‐up was 30 months and mean length of hospital stay was 3.5 ± 3.2 days. Major periprocedural complications were noted in 9% patients (15 of 167). During follow‐up, six patients (3.5%) required re‐intervention and additional 16 patients died with no aneurysm related deaths.

Conclusion

EVAR primarily performed by interventional cardiologists demonstrates high periprocedural and long‐term success rates. A higher EVAR failure rate has been observed in women. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insights into the AIEE of 1,8‐Naphthalimides (NPIs): Inverse Effects of Intermolecular Interactions in Solution and Aggregates
Authors: Mukherjee Sanjoy , Thilagar Pakkirisamy
Published: May 2014

Systematic structural perturbation has been used to fine‐tune and understand the luminescence properties of three new 1,8‐naphthalimides (NPIs) in solution and aggregates. The NPIs show blue emission in the solution state and their fluorescence quantum yields are dependent upon their molecular rigidity. In concentrated solutions of the NPIs, intermolecular interactions were found to quench the fluorescence due to the formation of excimers. In contrast, upon aggregation (in THF/H2O mixtures), the NPIs show aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE). The NPIs also show moderately high solid‐state emission quantum yields (ca. 10–12.7 %). The AIEE behaviour of the NPIs depends on their molecular rigidity and the nature of their intermolecular interactions. The NPIs 1–3 show different extents of intermolecular (π–π and CH⋅⋅⋅O) interactions in their solid‐state crystal structures depending on their substituents. Detailed photophysical, computational and structural investigations suggest that an optimal balance of structural flexibility and intermolecular communication is necessary for achieving AIEE characteristics in these NPIs.
Thermally Induced Twin Polymerization of 4H‐1,3,2‐Benzodioxasilines
Authors: Kempe Patrick , Löschner Tina , Auer Alexander A. , Seifert Andreas , Cox Gerhard , Spange Stefan
Published: May 2014

The twin monomer 2,2′‐spirobi[4H‐1,3,2‐benzodioxasiline] (1) can be polymerized to nanostructured SiO2/phenolic‐resin composite material by thermally induced twin polymerization. Thermally induced twin polymerization represents a way to produce nanocomposites simply by thermal induction of twin monomers. Besides 1, the thermal reaction of several related salicylic (2‐oxybenzylic) silicon molecules has been investigated. The thermal cleavage of the molecules is studied by using several trapping reagents (e.g., vinyl compounds). A significant occurrence of quinone methide adducts indicates that the thermal mechanism proceeds not only by a ring opening at the oxymethylene position, but also with the ortho‐quinone methide as a central or alternative intermediate. This is supported by product analyses of thermally initialized reactions of 1 and its substituted analogues as well as by quantum chemical calculations.
Ergoline‐Derived Inverse Agonists of the Human H3 Receptor for the Treatment of Narcolepsy
Authors: Auberson Yves P. , Troxler Thomas , Zhang Xuechun , Yang Charles R. , Fendt Markus , Feuerbach Dominik , Liu Yu‐Chih , Lagu Bharat , Lerchner Andreas , Perrone Mark , Lei Lijun , Zhang Chao , Wang Chunxiu , Wang Tie‐Lin , Bock Mark G.
Published: May 2014

Ergoline derivative (6aR,9R)‐4‐(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)‐N‐phenyl‐9‐(pyrrolidine‐1‐carbonyl)‐6,6a,8,9‐tetrahydroindolo[4,3‐fg]quinoline‐7(4H)‐carboxamide (1), a CXCR3 antagonist, also inhibits human histamine H3 receptors (H3R) and represents a structurally novel H3R inverse agonist chemotype. It displays favorable pharmacokinetic and in vitro safety profiles, and served as a lead compound in a program to explore ergoline derivatives as potential drug candidates for the treatment of narcolepsy. A key objective of this work was to enhance the safety and efficacy profiles of 1, while minimizing its duration of action to mitigate the episodes of insomnia documented with previously reported clinical candidates during the night following administration. Modifications to the ergoline core at positions 1, 6 and 8 were systematically investigated, and derivative 23 (1‐((4aR,8R,9aR)‐8‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1‐(2‐((R)‐2‐methylpyrrolidin‐1‐yl)ethyl)‐4,4a,7,8,9,9a‐hexahydroindolo[1,14‐fg]quinolin‐6(1H)‐yl)ethanone) was identified as a promising lead compound. Derivative 23 has a desirable pharmacokinetic profile and demonstrated efficacy by enhancing brain concentrations of tele‐methylhistamine, a major histamine metabolite. This validates the potential of the ergoline scaffold to serve as a template for the development of H3R inverse agonists.
Identification of bladder and colon afferents in the nodose ganglia of male rats
Authors: Herrity April N. , Rau Kristofer K. , Petruska Jeffrey C. , Stirling David P. , Hubscher Charles H.
Published: May 2014

The sensory neurons innervating the urinary bladder and distal colon project to similar regions of the central nervous system and often are affected simultaneously by various diseases and disorders, including spinal cord injury. Anatomical and physiological commonalities between the two organs involve the participation of shared spinally derived pathways, allowing mechanisms of communication between the bladder and colon. Prior electrophysiological data from our laboratory suggest that the bladder also may receive sensory innervation from a nonspinal source through the vagus nerve, which innervates the distal colon as well. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether anatomical evidence exists for vagal innervation of the male rat urinary bladder and to assess whether those vagal afferents also innervate the colon. Additionally, the relative contribution to bladder and colon sensory innervation of spinal and vagal sources was determined. By using lipophilic tracers, neurons that innervated the bladder and colon in both the nodose ganglia (NG) and L6/S1 and L1/L2 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were quantified. Some single vagal and spinal neurons provided dual innervation to both organs. The proportions of NG afferents labeled from the bladder did not differ from spinal afferents labeled from the bladder when considering the collective population of total neurons from either group. Our results demonstrate evidence for vagal innervation of the bladder and colon and suggest that dichotomizing vagal afferents may provide a neural mechanism for cross‐talk between the organs. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3667–3682, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of improved back propagation algorithm in color difference detection of fabric
Authors: Li Peng‐Fei , Wang Jing , Jing Jun‐Feng
Published: May 2014

Color is an indispensable indicator of product quality evaluation. To detect the color difference of fabrics, the Levenberg–Marquardt optimized back propagation (BP) algorithm is adopted to extract the color feature values of fabric images. First, RGB values are three inputs of BP neural network, and L*a*b* values measured by spectrophotometer are three outputs of the network. The trained network can obtain the corresponding L*a*b* values conveniently. Then the color difference can be calculated through color difference formula and the characteristic values obtained above. Finally, compared with the color difference calculated by the spectrophotometer, the most appropriate formula can be selected from the four formulas listed in the article (CIEDE2000, CMC, CIE94, and CIELAB) to acquire satisfying results. The experimental results reveal that the color difference of fabrics can be detected with a high accuracy and efficiency with this method. Plenty of duplication workloads and some complex conversion formulas can be avoided, making the acquirement of color difference more efficiently. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 311–317, 2015
Sensitive Detection of Trypsin using Liquid‐Crystal Droplet Patterns Modulated by Interactions between Poly‐L‐Lysine and a Phospholipid Monolayer
Authors: Zhang Minmin , Jang Chang‐Hyun
Published: May 2014

Liquid‐crystal (LC) droplet patterns are formed on a glass slide by evaporating a solution of nematic LC dissolved in heptane. In the presence of an anionic phospholipid, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐rac‐(1‐glycerol) (DOPG), the LCs display a dark cross pattern, indicating a homeotropic orientation. When LC patterns are incubated with an aqueous mixture of DOPG and poly‐L‐lysine (PLL), there is a transition in the LC pattern from a dark cross to a bright fan shape due to the electrostatic interaction between DOPG and PLL. Known to catalyze the hydrolysis of PLL into oligopeptide fragments, trypsin is preincubated with PLL, significantly decreasing the interactions between PLL and DOPG. LCs adopt a perpendicular orientation at the water–LC droplet interface, which gives rise to a dark cross pattern. This optical response of LC droplets is the basis for a quick and sensitive biosensor for trypsin.
The efficiency of indicator groups for the conservation of amphibians in theBrazilianAtlanticForest
Authors: Campos Felipe Siqueira , Trindade‐Filho Joaquim , Brito Daniel , Llorente Gustavo A. , Solé Mirco
Published: May 2014

The adequate selection of indicator groups of biodiversity is an important aspect of the systematic conservation planning. However, these assessments differ in the spatial scales, in the methods used and in the groups considered to accomplish this task, which generally produces contradictory results. The quantification of the spatial congruence between species richness and complementarity among different taxonomic groups is a fundamental step to identify potential indicator groups. Using a constructive approach, the main purposes of this study were to evaluate the performance and efficiency of eight potential indicator groups representing amphibian diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Data on the geographic range of amphibian species that occur in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest were overlapped to the full geographic extent of the biome, which was divided into a regular equal‐area grid. Optimization routines based on the concept of complementarily were applied to verify the performance of each indicator group selected in relation to the representativeness of the amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as a whole, which were solved by the algorithm “simulated annealing,” through the use of the softwareMARXAN. Some indicator groups were substantially more effective than others in regard to the representation of the taxonomic groups assessed, which was confirmed by the high significance of the data (F = 312.76;P < 0.01). Leiuperidae was considered as the best indicator group among the families analyzed, as it showed a good performance, representing 71% of amphibian species in theBrazilianAtlanticForest (i.e., 290 species), which may be associated with the diffuse geographic distribution of their species. In this sense, this study promotes understanding of how the diversity standards of amphibians can be informative for systematic conservation planning on a regional scale.
A role of peripheral myelin protein 2 in lipid homeostasis of myelinating schwann cells
Authors: Zenker Jennifer , Stettner Mark , Ruskamo Salla , Domènech‐Estévez Enric , Baloui Hasna , Médard Jean‐Jacques , Verheijen Mark H. G. , Brouwers Jos F. , Kursula Petri , Kieseier Bernd C. , Chrast Roman
Published: May 2014

Peripheral myelin protein 2 (Pmp2, P2 or Fabp8), a member of the fatty acid binding protein family, was originally described together with myelin basic protein (Mbp or P1) and myelin protein zero (Mpz or P0) as one of the most abundant myelin proteins in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Although Pmp2 is predominantly expressed in myelinated Schwann cells, its role in glia is currently unknown. To study its function in PNS biology, we have generated a complete Pmp2 knockout mouse (Pmp2‐/‐). Comprehensive characterization of Pmp2‐/‐ mice revealed a temporary reduction in their motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). While this change was not accompanied by any defects in general myelin structure, we detected transitory alterations in the myelin lipid profile of Pmp2‐/‐ mice. It was previously proposed that Pmp2 and Mbp have comparable functions in the PNS suggesting that the presence of Mbp can partially mask the Pmp2‐/‐ phenotype. Indeed, we found that Mbp lacking Shi‐/‐ mice, similar to Pmp2‐/‐ animals, have preserved myelin structure and reduced MNCV, but this phenotype was not aggravated in Pmp2‐/‐/Shi‐/‐ mutants indicating that Pmp2 and Mbp do not substitute each other's functions in the PNS. These data, together with our observation that Pmp2 binds and transports fatty acids to membranes, uncover a role for Pmp2 in lipid homeostasis of myelinating Schwann cells. GLIA 2014;62:1502–1512
Magnetoencephalographic signatures of right prefrontal cortex involvement in response inhibition
Authors: Hege Maike A. , Preissl Hubert , Stingl Krunoslav T.
Published: May 2014

The prefrontal cortex has a pivotal role in top‐down control of cognitive and sensory functions. In complex go‐nogo tasks, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is considered to be important for guiding the response inhibition. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics and neurophysiological nature of this activity. To address this issue, we recorded magnetoencephalographic brain activity in 20 women during a visual go‐nogo task. The right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed an increase for the amplitude of the event‐related fields and an increase in induced alpha frequency band activity for nogo in comparison to go trials. The peak of this prefrontal activity preceded the mean reaction time of around 360 ms for go trials, and thus supports the proposed role of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in gating the response inhibition and further suggests that right prefrontal alpha band activity might be involved in this gating. However, the results in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were similar for both successful and unsuccessful response inhibition. In these conditions, we instead observed pre‐ and poststimulus differences in alpha band activity in occipital and central areas. Thus, successful response inhibition seemed to additionally depend on prestimulus anticipatory alpha desynchronization in sensory areas as it was reduced prior to unsuccessful response inhibition. In conclusion, we suggest a role for functional inhibition by alpha synchronization not only in sensory, but also in prefrontal areas. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5236–5248, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heritability of structural brain network topology: A DTI study of 156 twins
Authors: Bohlken Marc M. , Mandl René C.W. , Brouwer Rachel M. , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Hedman Anna M. , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E.
Published: May 2014

Individual variation in structural brain network topology has been associated with heritable behavioral phenotypes such as intelligence and schizophrenia, making it a candidate endophenotype. However, little is known about the genetic influences on individual variation in structural brain network topology. Moreover, the extent to which structural brain network topology overlaps with heritability for integrity and volume of white matter remains unknown. In this study, structural network topology was examined using diffusion tensor imaging at 3T. Binary connections between 82 structurally defined brain regions per subject were traced, allowing for estimation of individual topological network properties. Heritability of normalized characteristic path length (λ), normalized clustering coefficient (γ), microstructural integrity (FA), and volume of the white matter were estimated using a twin design, including 156 adult twins from the newly acquired U‐TWIN cohort. Both γ and λ were estimated to be under substantial genetic influence. The heritability of γ was estimated to be 68%, the heritability estimate for λ was estimated to be 57%. Genetic influences on network measures were found to be partly overlapping with volumetric and microstructural properties of white matter, but the largest component of genetic variance was unique to both network traits. Normalized clustering coefficient and normalized characteristic path length are substantially heritable, and influenced by independent genetic factors that are largely unique to network measures, but partly also implicated in white matter directionality and volume. Thus, network measures provide information about genetic influence on brain structure, independent of global white matter characteristics such as volume and microstructural directionality. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5295–5305, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thyroid status affects membranes susceptibility to free radicals and oxidative balance in skeletal muscle of Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata)
Authors: Rey Benjamin , Romestaing Caroline , Bodennec Jacques , Dumet Adeline , Fongy Anaïs , Duchamp Claude , Roussel Damien
Published: May 2014

Thyroid hormones (TH) are major contributor to oxidative stress in mammals because they (1) stimulate reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), (2) impair antioxidant defenses, and (3) increase the susceptibility to free radicals of most tissues. Unlike mammals, THs seem to diminish mitochondrial ROS while they have limited effect on the antioxidant machinery in birds. However, how THs modify the susceptibility to ROS has never been explored in an avian model, and very little is known about their effect on oxidative balance in birds. Therefore, the objective of our study was to examine the effect of chronic pharmacological hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism on (i) the susceptibility of mitochondrial membranes to ROS; and (ii) the level of oxidative stress assessed by measuring oxidative damage to lipids, nucleic acids and proteins in the gastrocnemius muscle of ducklings. We show that hypothyroidism had no effect on the susceptibility of mitochondrial membranes to free radicals. Hypothyroid ducklings had lower oxidized lipids (−31%) and DNA (−25%) but a similar level of protein carbonylation relative to controls. Conversely, mitochondrial membranes of hyperthyroid ducklings exhibited higher unsaturation (+12%) and peroxidation (+31%) indexes than in controls indicating a greater susceptibility to free radicals. However, hyperthyroid ducklings exhibited more oxidative damages on proteins (+67%) only, whereas lipid damages remained unchanged, and there was a slight reduction (−15%) in damages to DNA compared to euthyroid controls. Our results indicate that birds and mammals present fundamental differences in their oxidative stress response to thyroid status. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 415–421, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Novel Chiral Phosphoric Acid‐Bearing Two Acidic Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups and its Catalytic Evaluation for Enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Indoles and Enones
Authors: Liu Xiong‐Li , Yu Zhang‐Biao , Pan Bo‐Wen , Chen Lin , Feng Ting‐Ting , Zhou Ying
Published: May 2014

A novel chiral phosphoric acid catalyst bearing two acidic phenolic hydroxyl groups was synthesized. Its catalytic activity as a chiral Brøsted acid has been examined in the enantioselective Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of indoles and enones as a model reaction. In comparison with the other chiral phosphoric acid catalysts, the reaction catalyzed by the novel chiral catalyst afforded the desired 3‐substituted indoles in a higher enantioselectivity (up to 69% ee).
Synthesis of Fused 9,10‐Dihydro‐6H‐Azepino‐ and 9,10‐Dihydro‐6H‐[1,3]Diazepino[1,2‐e]Purines via Ring Closing Metathesis as Antilipid Peroxidation Agents
Authors: Thalassitis Andreas N. , Hadjipavlou‐Litina Dimitra J. , Litinas Konstantinos E.
Published: May 2014

Ring closing metathesis of 8‐allyl‐9‐butenylpurines or N,9‐diallyl‐N‐methyl‐9H‐purin‐8‐amines with the Grubbs second generation catalyst resulted in fused 9,10‐dihydro‐6H‐azepino[1,2‐e]purines or 9,10‐dihydro‐6H‐[1,3]diazepino[1,2‐e]purines, respectively. The 8‐allyl‐9‐butenylpurines were prepared from 8‐bromo‐9‐butenylpurines after Stille coupling with allyltributyltin. The N,9‐diallyl‐N‐methyl‐9H‐purin‐8‐amines were synthesized from 9‐allyl‐8‐bromopurines after treatment with allylamine in H2O under MW irradiation, followed by methylation with MeI in KOH. The new compounds were tested as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation. 6‐Methyl‐4‐(morpholin‐4‐yl)‐7,10‐dihydro‐6H‐[1,3]diazepino[1,2‐e]purine presents interesting results and could serve as a lead compound.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Nationally Representative Mexican Community Sample
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Benjet Corina , Petukhova Maria , Medina‐Mora Maria Elena
Published: May 2014

This study describes the public health burden of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in relation to the full range of traumatic events to identify the conditional risk of PTSD from each traumatic event experienced in the Mexican population and other risk factors. The representative sample comprised a subsample (N = 2,362) of the urban participants of the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (2001−2002). We used the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess exposure to trauma and the presence of PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, ) in each respondents’ self‐reported worst traumatic event, as well as a randomly selected lifetime trauma. The results showed that traumatic events were extremely common in Mexico (68.8%). The estimate of lifetime PTSD in the whole population was 1.5%; among only those with a traumatic event it was 2.1%. The 12‐month prevalence of PTSD in the whole population was 0.6%; among only those with a traumatic event it was 0.8%. Violence‐related events were responsible for a large share of PTSD. Sexual violence, in particular, was one of the greatest risks for developing PTSD. These findings support the idea that trauma in Mexico should be considered a public health concern.
Exponential decay of solutions for the plate equation with localized damping
Authors: Simsek Sema , Khanmamedov Azer
Published: May 2014

In this paper, we give a positive answer to the open question raised in [E. Zuazua, Exponential decay for the semilinear wave equation with localized damping in unbounded domains, J. Math. Pures Appl., 70 (1991) 513–529] on the exponential decay of solutions for the semilinear plate equation with localized damping. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone mineral 31P and matrix‐bound water densities measured by solid‐state 31P and 1H MRI
Authors: Seifert Alan C. , Li Cheng , Rajapakse Chamith S. , Bashoor‐Zadeh Mahdieh , Bhagat Yusuf A. , Wright Alexander C. , Zemel Babette S. , Zavaliangos Antonios , Wehrli Felix W.
Published: May 2014

Bone is a composite material consisting of mineral and hydrated collagen fractions. MRI of bone is challenging because of extremely short transverse relaxation times, but solid‐state imaging sequences exist that can acquire the short‐lived signal from bone tissue. Previous work to quantify bone density via MRI used powerful experimental scanners. This work seeks to establish the feasibility of MRI‐based measurement on clinical scanners of bone mineral and collagen‐bound water densities, the latter as a surrogate of matrix density, and to examine the associations of these parameters with porosity and donors’ age.

Mineral and matrix‐bound water images of reference phantoms and cortical bone from 16 human donors, aged 27–97 years, were acquired by zero‐echo‐time 31‐phosphorus (31P) and 1‐hydrogen (1H) MRI on whole body 7T and 3T scanners, respectively. Images were corrected for relaxation and RF inhomogeneity to obtain density maps. Cortical porosity was measured by micro‐computed tomography (μCT), and apparent mineral density by peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT). MRI‐derived densities were compared to X‐ray‐based measurements by least‐squares regression.

Mean bone mineral 31P density was 6.74 ± 1.22 mol/l (corresponding to 1129 ± 204 mg/cc mineral), and mean bound water 1H density was 31.3 ± 4.2 mol/l (corresponding to 28.3 ± 3.7 %v/v). Both 31P and bound water (BW) densities were correlated negatively with porosity (31P: R2 = 0.32, p < 0.005; BW: R2 = 0.63, p < 0.0005) and age (31P: R2 = 0.39, p < 0.05; BW: R2 = 0.70, p < 0.0001), and positively with pQCT density (31P: R2 = 0.46, p < 0.05; BW: R2 = 0.50, p < 0.005). In contrast, the bone mineralization ratio (expressed here as the ratio of 31P density to bound water density), which is proportional to true bone mineralization, was found to be uncorrelated with porosity, age or pQCT density.

This work establishes the feasibility of image‐based quantification of bone mineral and bound water densities using clinical hardware. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small airways dysfunction in long‐term survivors of pediatric stem cell transplantation
Authors: Uhlving Hilde Hylland , Mathiesen Sidsel , Buchvald Frederik , Green Kent , Heilmann Carsten , Gustafsson Per , Müller Klaus , Nielsen Kim Gjerum
Published: May 2014

Background

Chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGvHD) in the lungs is a life‐threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Pulmonary cGvHD is initiated in the peripheral airways, and diagnosis may be delayed by low sensitivity of standard pulmonary function tests. Multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBWN2) is a promising, sensitive method to assess small airways function. This is the first report on MBWN2 in survivors of pediatric HSCT.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study undertaken 3–10 years post‐HSCT, included 64 patients and 64 matched controls who all performed spirometry, whole‐body plethysmography and MBWN2. From MBWN2 the lung clearance index (LCI) and indices reflecting ventilation inhomogeneity arising close to the acinar lung zone (Sacin) and in the conductive airway zone (Scond) were derived. Subjective respiratory morbidity was assessed using the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire.

Results

LCI, Sacin, and Scond were significantly higher in HSCT‐patients compared with controls. Despite few reported symptoms and normal forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) in 91%, LCI, Scond, and Sacin were abnormal in 34%, 52%, and 25% of HSCT‐patients, respectively. LCI and Scond correlated weakly with spirometric findings in HSCT‐patients, but not in controls. Scond was abnormal in 82% (9/11) of patients with evidence of cGvHD, and was associated with cGvHD in the multivariate analysis (r2 = 0.26, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

Small airways dysfunction as measured by MBWN2 was a common finding at long term follow‐up of children after allogeneic HSCT and was associated with cGvHD. The majority of these subjects had normal spirometric values and did not report any respiratory symptoms. Prospective studies are required to evaluate the long term clinical consequences of these signs of small airway disease and the value of MBWN2 as an early marker of pulmonary cGvHD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:704–712. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Impact of Supervision Training on Genetic Counselor Supervisory Identity Development
Authors: Atzinger Carrie L. , Lewis Kimberly , Martin Lisa J. , Yager Geoffrey , Ramstetter Catherine , Wusik Katie
Published: May 2014

Supervision is critical to the training of genetic counselors. Limited research exists on the influence of supervision training and experience on the development of genetic counseling supervisors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of supervision training in addition to supervisory and clinical experience on supervisory identity development, and the perceived confidence and competence supervisors have in their own supervisory skills. In addition, we explored genetic counselors’ (N = 291) interest in and barriers to training as well as perspectives on requirements for supervisors. Results indicated clinical experience, supervision experience, and formal supervision training are positively associated with genetic counselors’ supervisory identity development as measured by the Psychotherapy Supervisory Development Scale (PSDS) (p < 0.05). Despite a moderate correlation between supervision experience and formal training (ρ = 0.42, p < 0.001), both had independent effects on PSDS scores (p < 0.04). A majority of genetic counselors were interested in receiving supervision training but noted lack of available training as a barrier. The majority of participants indicated that supervisors should be certified as genetic counselors, but there was no consensus on training requirements. Development of additional supervision training opportunities for genetic counselors should be considered.
Risk perception and sexual behavior in HPV‐vaccinated and unvaccinated young Colombian women
Authors: Ruiz‐Sternberg Ángela M. , Pinzón‐Rondón Ángela M.
Published: May 2014

Objective

To compare sexual behaviors and risk perception between young women vaccinated for HPV and unvaccinated Colombian women.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional design study, 1436 women (231 adolescents, < 18 years; 1205 young women, 18–26 years) completed a self‐administered questionnaire between May 2011 and March 2012 in Bogotá, Colombia. Data from vaccinated and unvaccinated women were compared by descriptive statistics and multivariate models.

Results

Sexual risk behaviors were not associated with vaccination after adjustment for risk perception, age, educational level, and HPV knowledge. By contrast, vaccination was associated with higher routine Pap smear screening (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69–3.28), use of modern contraceptives (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.26–3.22), and consistent use of condoms (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11–2.01). Vaccinated young women were more likely to have had sex (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.56–2.78), but sexual debut among adolescents was not associated with vaccination. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, vaccination status was negatively associated with perceived risk of HPV infection, warts, and cervical cancer. There was no association between vaccination and perceived risk of sexually transmitted infections in any model.

Conclusion

No association was found between changes in risk perception after HPV vaccination and sexual risk behaviors.
Performance effects of using an ERP system for manufacturing planning and control under dynamic market requirements
Authors: Tenhiälä Antti , Helkiö Pekka
Published: May 2014

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have a controversial reputation. Critics say that even if ERP systems may be beneficial for organizations operating in stable conditions, they are surely detrimental to organizations that face dynamic market requirements. This is because ERP systems are said to impose such procedures and constraints on organizations that make business processes inflexible to change. In contrast, proponents argue that the information‐processing capabilities of ERP systems are crucial for organizations that face dynamic market requirements and also that the criticized procedures and constraints actually support process reengineering. These two contradictory arguments are often found in practitioner literature, but both of them can also be supported by management theory. The central tenets of the Organic Theory of organization design imply that ERP systems should be detrimental when market requirements change frequently, whereas the principles of Rigid Flexibility Theory suggest that they should be advantageous. In this study, we use cross‐sectional data from 151 manufacturing plants to determine which argument is more applicable in the context of manufacturing planning and control. The results strongly favor the use of ERP systems under dynamic market requirements. To facilitate the reconciliation of the two contradictory arguments, we discuss how the results may have been influenced by two contextual factors: the predominantly technical nature of the studied organizational system and the tight interdependence of the studied activities.
I Don't Mind: Children's Attitude towards their Peers with Asthma in Primary Schools
Authors: Al-Motlaq Mohammad A. , Sellick Kenneth
Published: May 2014

Peer attitudes towards children with asthma can significantly impact on their self-confidence and, hence, their social acceptance. It can be difficult for children with asthma to spend their time in class with peers who do not understand their situation and physical limitations. This paper investigated the attitudes of peers towards children with asthma, and explored factors affecting their attitude scores. A literature search failed to locate any instrument that measured the attitudes of school-aged children towards peers with asthma. Therefore, a new scale was developed by generating a list of items based on existing attitude measures; confirming the content validity by an expert panel; and pre-testing the scale with three primary school children. The main study invited children to complete an asthma knowledge test and the attitudes scale as a class activity. A convenience sample of 545 children without asthma from 16 primary schools participated in the study, of which 507 children completed the attitude towards children with asthma scale. Responses were coded and entered into SPSS 17.0 software for analyses. Approximately 80 per cent of children scored 8/10 or more on the test, suggesting a highly positive attitude expressed by children towards their peers with asthma. Two factors affected the attitude scores – being a female, and having higher asthma knowledge score. The study provided information about the proportion of children who have positive attitudes towards peers with asthma and the factors that affected their scores. The investigation led to the development of the Peer Attitudes toward Children with Asthma (PACA) scale.
The contributions of mindfulness meditation on burnout, coping strategy, and job satisfaction: Evidence from Thailand
Authors: Charoensukmongkol Peerayuth
Published: May 2014

The present study examined the contributions of mindfulness meditation practice on job burnout, a choice of stress coping styles, and job satisfaction. The online survey data were obtained from 93 meditation practitioners and 54 non-practitioners in Thailand (total n = 147). Results from partial least squares regression suggested that respondents who had regularly practiced mindfulness meditation tended to report lower burnout. In addition, they tended to adopt more problem-focused coping and less emotion-focused coping in order to deal with work-related stress. The author also found that regular mindfulness meditation practice also contributed indirectly to higher job satisfaction.
Effects of Vitamin E, C and D Supplementation on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Greń Agnieszka
Published: May 2014

Background: The main objective of the study was to analyze the potential ability of vitamins E, C, and D, used as nutritional supplements, in averting inflammation and oxidative stress in the course of diabetes mellitus. Methods: Male mice were divided into eight groups. Diabetes was induced (groups II, VI, VII, and VIII) by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The third and sixth groups were given vitamin C (50 mg/kg) 3 times per week, the fourth and seventh groups were given vitamin E (300 mg/kg) 3 times per week, and the fifth and eight groups were given vitamin D (2000 IU/day). Interleukin-6 levels were measured in serum. Glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity were measured in the liver tissue. Results: STZ resulted in a significant decrease in all tested enzymes and glutathione levels, and an increase in IL-6 level in comparison to control animals (p < 0.05). Mice treated with vitamins had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher content of enzymes and glutathione in liver than diabetic mice, however IL-6 concentration showed a significant decrease. Concurrent administration of STZ and vitamins caused a significant increase (compared to the diabetes group) in SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH content, and a decrease in IL-6 levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These results indicate the preventive role of vitamin C, E, and D against STZ-induced diabetic oxidative stress and inflammation. Hence these vitamins could be used as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention and/or management of diabetes.
Psychotische Störungen im DSM-5
Authors: Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Schimmelmann Benno G.
Published: May 2014

Es wird eine Übersicht über die hauptsächlichen Änderungen des Kapitels «Schizophrenie-Spektrum und andere psychotische Störungen» von DSM-IV-TR zu DSM-5 gegeben, in dem erneut etwaigen Besonderheiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen nicht Rechnung getragen wird. Diese umfassen im Haupttext den Verzicht auf die klassischen Subtypen der Schizophrenie sowie die Aufgabe des besonderen Stellenwerts der Schneider’schen Erstrangsymptome und damit verbunden die Forderung von mindestens zwei Leitsymptomen (obligatorisch mindestens ein Positivsymptom) bei der Schizophrenie sowie Zulassung bizarrer Wahninhalte auch bei Wahnhaften Störungen. Neu sind zudem die Kodierung wahnhafter Zwangs-/Körperdysmorpher Störungen ausschließlich unter den Zwangsstörungen, die Präzisierung affektiver Episoden bei der Schizoaffektiven Störung und die Einführung einer eigenen Sektion «Katatonie» zur Beschreibung katatoner Symptome innerhalb verschiedendster Krankheitsbilder. In der Sektion III (Aufkommende Messmittel und Modelle) findet sich zudem der Vorschlag einer dimensionalen Beschreibung von Psychosen. Verwirrend ist die doppelte Einführung eines «Attenuated Psychosis» Syndromes: zum einen vage umschrieben unter die «Anderen spezifizierten Schizophrenie-Spektrum und anderen psychotischen Störungen» im Haupttext, zum anderen klar definiert unter die «Bedingungen mit weiterem Forschungsbedarf» der Sektion III. Mit dieser nicht spezifizierten Aufnahme des Attenuated Psychosis Syndromes in den Haupttext ist einer befürchteten Überdiagnostizierung subschwelliger psychotischer Symptome und deren frühzeitiger psychopharmakologischer Behandlung nun doch Tür und Tor geöffnet.
Changes in Cortical Microvasculature during Misery Perfusion Measured by Two-Photon Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Tajima Yosuke , Takuwa Hiroyuki , Kokuryo Daisuke , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Seki Chie , Masamoto Kazuto , Ikoma Yoko , Taniguchi Junko , Aoki Ichio , Tomita Yutaka , Suzuki Norihiro , Kanno Iwao , Saeki Naokatsu , Ito Hiroshi
Published: May 2014

This study aimed to examine the cortical microvessel diameter response to hypercapnia in misery perfusion using two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). We evaluated whether the vascular response to hypercapnia could represent the cerebrovascular reserve. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) during normocapnia and hypercapnia was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry through cranial windows in awake C57/BL6 mice before and at 1,7, 14, and 28 days after unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO). Diameters of the cortical microvessels during normocapnia and hypercapnia were also measured by TPLSM. Cerebral blood flow and the vascular response to hypercapnia were decreased after UCCAO. Before UCCAO, vasodilation during hypercapnia was found primarily in arterioles (22.9% ± 3.5%). At 14 days after UCCAO, arterioles, capillaries, and venules were autoregulatorily dilated by 79.5% ± 19.7%, 57.2% ±32.3%, and 32.0% ± 10.8%, respectively. At the same time, the diameter response to hypercapnia in arterioles was significantly decreased to 1.9% ± 1.5%. A significant negative correlation was observed between autoregulatory vasodilation and the diameter response to hypercapnia in arterioles. Our findings indicate that arterioles play main roles in both autoregulatory vasodilation and hypercapnic vasodilation, and that the vascular response to hypercapnia can be used to estimate the cerebrovascular reserve.
Switchable and selective detection of Zn2+ or Cd2+ in living cells based on 3′-O-substituted arrangement of benzoxazole-derived fluorescent probes
Authors: Xu Yongqian , Xiao Liangliang , Sun Shiguo , Pei Zhichao , Pei Yuxin , Pang Yi
Published: May 2014

Two benzoxazole-derived ESIPT fluorescent sensors E1 and E2 show highly selective detection of Zn2+ and Cd2+, respectively, in aqueous solution and living cells.
Synthesis of monodisperse nanocolloidal microspheres with controlled size by vesicle bilayer templating
Authors: Huang Tong , Huang Xiaohua , Sun Xiaoyi , Zhou Yongfeng , Bai Yongping , Yan Deyue
Published: May 2014

Uniform PS colloidal particles with controllable size ranging from 60 to 150 nm were prepared on a mass scale by using the bilayers of hyperbranched polymer vesicles as templates.
Facile synthesis of fluorescent active triazapentalenes through gold-catalyzed triazole–alkyne cyclization
Authors: Cai Rong , Wang Dawei , Chen Yunfeng , Yan Wuming , Geise Natalie R. , Sharma Sripadh , Li Huiyuan , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Li Minyong , Shi Xiaodong
Published: May 2014

Fluorescent active triazapentalene zwitterions (TAPZs) were prepared through Au(i) catalyzed triazole–alkyne 5-endo-dig cyclization.
Photoinduced symmetry-breaking intramolecular charge transfer in a quadrupolar pyridinium derivative
Authors: Carlotti Benedetta , Benassi Enrico , Spalletti Anna , Fortuna Cosimo G. , Elisei Fausto , Barone Vincenzo
Published: May 2014

A joint experimental and theoretical study revealed the occurrence of highly efficient intramolecular charge transfer and excited state symmetry breaking in a cationic (donor–π–acceptor–π–donor)+ quadrupolar compound showing negative solvatochromism.
Sc2S@C68: an obtuse di-scandium sulfide cluster trapped in a C2vfullerene cage
Authors: Guo Yi-Jun , Gao Bo-Chao , Yang Tao , Nagase Shigeru , Zhao Xiang
Published: May 2014

Density functional theory calculations combined with statistical thermodynamics treatments revealed that the mass-spectrum detected Sc2S@C68should possess theC2v(6073)-C68cage.
Gas-phase structures of sterically crowded disilanes studied by electron diffraction and quantum chemical methods: 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)disilane and 1,1,2,2-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)dimethyldisilane
Authors: Schwabedissen Jan , Lane Paul D. , Masters Sarah L. , Hassler Karl , Wann Derek A.
Published: May 2014

Structures of the two title disilanes have been determined. The presence of bulky, flexible Me3Si groups dictates many aspects of the geometric structures.
Bacterial chemotaxis on SlipChip
Authors: Shen Chaohua , Xu Peng , Huang Zhou , Cai Dongyang , Liu Shuang-Jiang , Du Wenbin
Published: May 2014

This paper describes a simple and reusable microfluidic SlipChip device for studying bacterial chemotaxis based on a diffusion gradient, which enables rapid evaluation of bacterial chemotaxis, as wells as separation and collection of chemotactic cells from a mixture.