bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upper-Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis following a Fracture of the Proximal Humerus: An Orthopaedic Case Report
Authors: Strony John , Chang Gerard , Krieg James C.
Published: November 2019

Deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities following orthopaedic surgery is well-documented. Though less common than its lower extremity counterpart, upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) has been documented in the literature as well, largely in the context of arthroscopic shoulder surgery. However, there is a paucity of literature documenting UEDVT following surgical fixation of upper extremity fractures, specifically fractures involving the proximal humerus. We present a case of UEDVT following a fracture to the proximal humerus and subsequent surgery. Though UEDVT is considered a rare complication following this type of surgery based on a lack of documentation within the literature, we believe a high-index of suspicion is required to prevent potentially life-threatening sequelae, such as pulmonary embolism (PE) and post-thrombotic syndrome.
Development of a Novel Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Robot Enabling Complete Remote Control of All Operations: Endoscopic Therapeutic Robot System (ETRS)
Authors: Kume Keiichiro , Sakai Nobuo , Ueda Toru
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective. The master and slave transluminal endoscopic robot and other flexible endoscopy platforms are designed primarily for the remote control of forceps, with manipulation of the endoscope itself still dependent on conventional techniques. We have developed an endoscopic therapeutic robot system (ETRS) that provides complete remote control of all forceps and endoscope operations. Method. We carried out endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in porcine stomachs using the ETRS. All procedures were completed with the endoscopist seated at the console the entire time. Results. Total en bloc resection was achieved in all 7 cases with no complications. The mean total procedure time was 36.14±14.98 min, the mean size of the resected specimen was 3.39±0.66 cm×3.03±0.63 cm, and the mean dissection time was 14.91±8.61 min. Conclusion. We successfully used the ETRS to perform completely remote-controlled ESD in porcine stomachs.
Atorvastatin Improves Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Protects Renal Damage in Adenine-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Ghelani Hardik , Razmovski-Naumovski Valentina , Inampudi Vamsi , Chang Dennis , Nammi Srinivas
Published: November 2019

Objective. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), including nephrotic syndrome, is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The literature indicates that CKD is associated with profound lipid disorders largely due to the dysregulation of lipoprotein metabolism which further aggravates the progression of kidney disease. The present study sought to determine the efficacy of atorvastatin treatment on hepatic lipid metabolism and renal tissue damage in CKD rats.Methods. Serum, hepatic and faecal lipid contents and the expression and enzyme activity of molecules involved in cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism, along with kidney function, were determined in untreated adenine-induced CKD, atorvastatin-treated CKD (10 mg/kg/day oral for 24 days) and control rats.Key Findings. CKD resulted in metabolic dyslipidaemia, renal insufficiency, hepatic lipid accumulation, upregulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-2 (ACAT2) and the downregulation of LDL receptor protein, VLDL receptor, hepatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1). CKD also resulted in increased enzymatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT2 together with decreased enzyme activity of lipase and LCAT. Atorvastatin therapy attenuated dyslipidaemia, renal insufficiency, reduced hepatic lipids, HMG-CoA reductase and ACAT2 protein abundance and raised LDL receptor and lipase protein expression. Atorvastatin therapy decreased the enzymatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase and increased enzymatic activity of lipase and LCAT.Conclusions. Atorvastatin improved hepatic tissue lipid metabolism and renal function in adenine-induced CKD rats.
Unconfined Compressive Strength of Aqueous Polymer-Modified Saline Soil
Authors: Zhu Yan , Yu Xiangjuan , Gao Lei , Chen Jiajia , Cotugno Michael Dino
Published: November 2019

Saline soil is a special soil that consists of fine particles and has poor engineering properties. It causes salt heaving and is collapsible and corrosive. The treatment of this type of soil for the use as a resource for roadbed fillings has been one of the most important engineering topics in highway construction near coastal areas. This study introduces a new type of aqueous polymer, called ZM, which is used to amend and stabilize saline soil. To test the effects of ZM-solidified saline soil, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests were carried out on unmodified and ZM-modified saline soil specimens, respectively. The test results show that the ZM additive significantly improves the UCS. Based on the increase of the ZM admixture, the UCS increases with the curing time. The main increment of the UCS occurs within the first seven days of curing. In addition, the salt content has a great influence on the UCS. With increasing ZM concentration and curing time, the water stability and wetting-drying cycling resistance improve. Based on the X-ray diffraction results, the diffraction peaks of ZM-modified saline soil insignificantly change compared with those of unmodified saline soil. However, the SEM images indicate the formation of membrane structures in ZM-modified saline soil. The modification process produces denser and more stable soil because the reaction products fill voids inside the soil and form a viscous membrane structure on the soil surface.
Inactivation of the AMPK–GATA3–ECHS1 Pathway Induces Fatty Acid Synthesis That Promotes Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Growth
Authors: Qu Yuan-Yuan , Zhao Rui , Zhang Hai-Liang , Zhou Qian , Xu Fu-Jiang , Zhang Xuan , Xu Wen-Hao , Shao Ning , Zhou Shu-Xian , Dai Bo , Zhu Yao , Shi Guo-Hai , Shen Yi-Jun , Zhu Yi-Ping , Han Cheng-Tao , Chang Kun , Lin Yan , Zang Wei-Dong , Xu Wei , Ye Ding-Wei , Zhao Shi-Min , Zhao Jian-Yuan
Published: November 2019

The tumorigenic role and underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation, commonly observed in many cancers, remain insufficiently understood. In this study, we identified an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)–GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3)–enoyl-CoA hydratase short-chain 1 (ECHS1) pathway that induces lipid accumulation and promotes cell proliferation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Decreased expression of ECHS1, which is responsible for inactivation of fatty acid (FA) oxidation and activation of de novo FA synthesis, positively associated with ccRCC progression and predicted poor patient survival. Mechanistically, ECHS1 downregulation induced FA and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) accumulation, which inhibited AMPK-promoted expression of GATA3, a transcriptional activator of ECHS1. BCAA accumulation induced activation of mTORC1 and de novo FA synthesis, and promoted cell proliferation. Furthermore, GATA3 expression phenocopied ECHS1 in predicting ccRCC progression and patient survival. The AMPK–GATA3–ECHS1 pathway may offer new therapeutic approaches and prognostic assessment for ccRCC in the clinic.

Significance:

These findings uncover molecular mechanisms underlying lipid accumulation in ccRCC, suggesting the AMPK–GATA3–ECHS1 pathway as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker.
CDK4/6 Inhibitor Biomarker Research: Are We Barking Up the Wrong Tree?
Authors: Anurag Meenakshi , Haricharan Svasti , Ellis Matthew J.
Published: November 2019

CDK4/6 inhibitors have emerged as a significant advance for the treatment of patients with advanced estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. However, the identification of predictive markers that optimize their use is proving harder than expected. In this commentary we advocate for unbiased discovery and a collaborative approach across trials.

See related article by Finn et al., p. 110
Taxonomic and phylogenetic characterizations of Keissleriella bambusicola sp. nov. (Lentitheciaceae, Pleosporales) from Yunnan, China

Authors: JIANG HONG-BO , PHOOKAMSAK RUNGTIWA , DOILOM MINGKWAN , MORTIMER PETER E. , XU JIAN-CHU , LUMYONG SAISAMORN , HYDE KEVIN D. , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C.
Published: November 2019

Keissleriella bambusicola sp. nov., collected from Yunnan Province in China, is described and illustrated in this paper. The new taxon was well placed in the genus Keissleriella based on subglobose to ampulliform, uni- to bi-loculate ascostromata with an ostiole covered by dark setae, 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to cylindric-clavate asci and yellowish brown, ellipsoidal to cylindrical (4–)5(–6)-septate ascospores. Keissleriella bambusicola is introduced based on a comparison of the morphological characteristics of morphologically (K. rosae, K. taminensis, K. yonaguniensis) and phylogenetically (K. caraganae, K. yonaguniensis) closely related taxa. The species can be distinguished from the above mentioned species in having uni- to bi-loculate, raised, superificial ascostromata and (4–)5(–6)-septate ascospores. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on the combined LSU, SSU, TEF1-α and ITS sequence dataset showed that our new taxon forms a sister lineage, with K. caraganae and clustered with K. yonaguniensis in the genus Keissleriella. In addition, Keissleriella is reported on bamboo for the first time.
Two new species of the genus Gnaptorina Reitter from the Hengduan Mountains, China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptini)
Authors: LI XIU-MIN , BAI XING-LONG , REN GUO-DONG
Published: November 2019

Two new species of nominal subgenus of Gnaptorina Reitter, 1887 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae: Blaptini), G. (G.) acutangula sp. nov., G. (G.) crassitibia sp. nov., are described from the Hengduan Mountains, Western Sichuan province of China. A key to the known species of the subgenus Gnaptorina is provided.
Effect of Substrate Temperature on the Growth and Properties of Nanocrystalline NiO Thin Films
Authors: Charef Azzeddine , Benramache Said , Aoun Yacine , Benhaoua Boubaker , Lakel Said , Marrakchi Massilia
Published: November 2019

In the present research, the NiO thin films have been deposited by pneumatic spray method at various substrate temperatures. The main object is to find a good structural, optical and electrical properties of NiO tin films with substrate temperature effected. A set of deposition temperature
(380, 400, 420, 440 and 460 °C), the NiO thin film was deposited on glass substrate with 0.1 M. Nanocrystalline films with a polycrystalline cubic crystal with (111) and (200) peaks, it is a strong (111) preferred orientation. The minimum value of grain size G = 16.88 nm was obtained
for deposited film at 420 °C. The optical spectra show that the NiO thin films become transparency in visible region, but the film deposited at 460 °C have a high transmission. The band gap energy was located between 3.43 and 3.63 eV, the minimum was obtained for sprayed film at 440
°C. The minima value of Urbach energy was 0.25 eV, it also was found at 440 °C. The electrical property of deposited NiO films at 440 °C has a minimum value of electrical resistivity. The best structure, optical and electrical characterizations of NiO thin films are achieved and
begin from deposited temperature of 420 °C.
Equivalent Circuit Model for One-Dimensional Plasma Photonic Crystals
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Zhao Xiaolin
Published: November 2019

Plasma photonic crystals (PPCs) is promising metamaterial for electromagnetic wave transmission, due to its superior performance and broad application prospects. However, the design of plasma photonic crystals with adjustable structural parameters is one of the main issues limiting
its commercial application. We propose a new method to use the equivalent circuit model to quickly analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics of 1D PPC. The 1D PPCs structure was constructed with vacuum discharge tube, and we found that the experiment is consistent with the
simulation. The research results provide theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of microwave segment multi-channel filters and dynamic microwave devices.
Mechanical Reliability of Epoxy Sn–58wt.%Bi Composite Solder Under Temperature-Humidity Treatment with Organic Solderability Preservatives (OSP) Surface Finish
Authors: Jeong Haksan , Myung Woo-Ram , Kim Kyung-Yeol , Min Kyung Deuk , Jung Seung-Boo
Published: November 2019

The microstructures and mechanical reliability of Sn–58Bi solder and epoxy Sn–58Bi composite solder joint were investigated with organic solderability preservative surface finishes. The mechanical reliabilities of Sn58Bi and epoxy Sn58Bi solder were evaluated by the board-level
drop test and the 3-point bend test after temperature-humidity storage testing. The microstructure and chemical composition of the solder joints were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The addition of epoxy in solder paste
did not affect the morphology of the intermetallic compound. The thickness of the scalloped-shaped Cu6Sn5 intermetallic compound of solder/OSP joint increased with aging time. The drop number until fail for the epoxy Sn58Bi/OSP joint was higher than that for the Sn–58Bi/OSP
joint; the average numbers of drops withstood by the Sn–58Bi/OSP joint and epoxy Sn–58Bi/OSP joint following the reflow process were fewer than 10 drops and 180 drops, respectively. The drop number of solder/OSP joints decreased with increasing aging time. The result of the 3-point
bend tests shows that the number of bend cycles for the epoxy Sn–58Bi/OSP joint was 30 times higher than that for the Sn–58Bi/OSP joint. The number of bend cycles for solder/OSP joints was decreased with increasing aging time.
Improvement of the Sensitivity of Indirect Organic X-ray Detector Using Conductivity Change of Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Yoo Kyunghan , Ban Daehee , Kang Jungwon
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we report on our study of the sensitivity of an indirect-type organic X-ray detector, which depends on the conductivity of the hole-transport layer composed of PEDOT:PSS. The polar solvent, dimethylformamide (DMF), was mixed with the PEDOT:PSS solution to improve the
conductivity of the HTL. When the DMF was added to the PEDOT:PSS solution, the conductive PEDOT fragments distributed more uniformly because of the high dipole moment of the DMF. In order to find the optimal process condition, the blending ratio of DMF and the baking condition of the PEDOT:PSS
layer were examined. The detector with the PEDOT:PSS layer fabricated with 50 wt% DMF added and 160 °C baking for 30 min had the highest sensitivity, of 1.988 mA/Gy · cm2, which was 61.23% higher than the sensitivity of the detector with the pristine PEDOT:PSS layer.
Review on the Synergetic Combination of 1D/2D Functional Nanocomposites
Authors: Zheng Xiao-Nan , Yin Xia-Yan , Wang Bo , Ma Ming-Guo
Published: November 2019

In recent years, there are a great deal of progress in the development of two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and MXene due to their layered structure, high surface area, and excellent performances.
The one dimensional (1D)/2D nanocomposites exhibited high comprehensive performance resulted from the synergistic effect of the nanocomponents. Herein, we present the current development of 1D/2D nanocomposites based on the synergistic effect between 1D nanomaterials and 2D nanomaterials.
This review reported the synthetic routes, major performances, and applications potential of these 1D/2D nanocomposites. The sections were listed via the types of 2D nanomaterials such as GO, g-C3N4, MXene, and others 2D nanomaterials via some typical examples. We paid
more attention to the synergistic effect of the nanocomponents among the 1D/2D nanocomposites. Furthermore, we suggested the as-existed problems and future development of the 1D/2D nanocomposites. It is expected that the 1D/2D nanocomposites are promising applications of various fields in
the near future.
Boundary Layer Quasi-Equilibrium Limits Convective Intensity Enhancement from the Diurnal Cycle in Surface Heating
Authors: Hansen Zachary R. , Back Larissa E. , Zhou Peigen
Published: November 2019

A combination of cloud-permitting model (CPM) simulations, satellite, and reanalysis data are used to test whether the diurnal cycle in surface temperature has a significant impact on the intensity of deep convection as measured by high-percentile updraft velocities, lightning, and CAPE. The land–ocean contrast in lightning activity shows that convective intensity varies between land and ocean independently from convective quantity. Thus, a mechanism that explains the land–ocean contrast must be able to do so even after controlling for precipitation variations. Motivated by the land–ocean contrast, we use idealized CPM simulations to test the impact of the diurnal cycle on high-percentile updrafts. In simulations, updrafts are somewhat enhanced due to large-scale precipitation enhancement by the diurnal cycle. To control for large-scale precipitation, we use statistical sampling techniques. After controlling for precipitation enhancement, the diurnal cycle does not affect convective intensities. To explain why sampled updrafts are not enhanced, we note that CAPE is also not increased, likely due to boundary layer quasi equilibrium (BLQE) occurring over our land area. Analysis of BLQE in terms of net positive and negative mass flux finds that boundary layer entrainment, and even more importantly downdrafts, account for most of the moist static energy (MSE) sink that is balancing surface fluxes. Using ERA-Interim data, we also find qualitative evidence for BLQE over land in the real world, as high percentiles of CAPE are not greater over land than over ocean.
A Systematic Review of the Discrimination Against Sexual and Gender Minority in Health Care Settings
Authors: Ayhan Cemile Hurrem Balik , Bilgin Hülya , Uluman Ozgu Tekin , Sukut Ozge , Yilmaz Sevil , Buzlu Sevim
Published: November 2019

The present systematic review aimed to determine discrimination experiences of sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals and attitudes toward SGM among health care staff in health care settings. Following PRISMA guidelines, the review was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct) using keywords of sexual and gender minority, including “gay,” “lesbian,” “bisexual,” “transgender,” “LGB,” “LGBT,” “health care discrimination,” “stigma,” “homophobia,” “transphobia,” and “attitudes of healthcare professionals” from May to September 2016. Predetermined inclusion criteria were selected. Thirty quantitative studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Discriminative behaviors experienced by SGM individuals were stigma, denial or refusal of health care, and verbal or physical abuse. Knowledge and educational levels, beliefs, and religion of health care providers affected their attitudes toward SGM patients and their homophobia level. These findings revealed that health care providers needed more education about SGM issues, and SGM-friendly policies should be created for improving health care for SGM individuals.
Death due to severe blood loss following an accidental lesion to the femoral vessels
Authors: Gitto Lorenzo , Bonaccorso Luigi , Serinelli Serenella
Published: November 2019

Deaths from sharp force injuries are a significant cause of violent death. While homicides and suicides caused by sharp force wounds are common, accidental injuries are less often described in forensic literature, so their actual incidence or prevalence is not known. This paper presents an accidental death due to massive blood loss which resulted from lesions to the left femoral vessels by glass fragments. The body was found in a pool of blood surrounded by hundreds of glass fragments. Autopsy revealed a near-total transection of the superficial femoral artery, and two wounds of the superficial femoral vein. In case of accidental sharp force injuries, a thorough medico-legal process, including death scene investigation, autopsy examination and toxicological analyses, is always necessary to determine the manner of death.
Revolutions and the Military: Endgame Coups, Instability, and Prospects for Democracy
Authors: Koehler Kevin , Albrecht Holger
Published: November 2019

This article presents a systematic analysis of military coups following popular mass uprisings in nondemocratic regimes, conceptualized as endgame coups. Drawing on our original, medium- n data set of revolutionary situations, we find that such endgame coups form a distinct type of military intervention in politics. Compared to regular coups, episodes of popular mass contestation prompt conservative interventions in politics of the military’s leadership aimed at preserving the regime’s authoritarian infrastructure. A systematic test of factors characterizing postcoup political trajectories is based on Cox proportional hazard models and provides empirical evidence in contrast to the widely held notion of “democratic coups.” Our findings reveal that endgame coups are conservative rollback coups, executed by military leaderships, that result in continued political instability and illiberal politics.
Cognitive interdependence and the everyday expression of commitment
Authors: Davis Bret A. , Weigel Daniel J.
Published: November 2019

Based on interdependence theory, this study expands the work on cognitive interdependence—viewing a relationship as a pluralistic collective—by testing the proposition that cognitive interdependence is connected with everyday expressions of commitment. A sample of 275 individuals in romantic relationships completed an online survey. Results revealed that cognitive interdependence is characterized by greater inclusion of partners into self-concepts, more positive thoughts about the relationship, and viewing the relationship as central to one’s life. Further, results showed that cognitive interdependence is a critical linchpin mechanism linking relationship commitment with everyday expressions of commitment. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of cognitive interdependence for understanding commitment and pro-relationship behavior.
The impact of institutional quality on Chinese foreign direct investment in Africa
Authors: Ross Andrew G , Omar Maktoba , Xu Anqi , Pandey Samikshya
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impacts of the host country institutional environment on Chinese foreign direct investment in Africa. As one of the few papers to explicitly address the role of institutions on China–Africa foreign direct investment, our results highlight that countries who are able to provide a politically stable environment and control levels of corruption exert the greatest effects on Chinese foreign direct investment. After controlling for firm level motivation, the findings also reveal that as Chinese economic development evolves so does the apparent strategic direction of their investment patterns with greater attention now being given to investment quality and return on investment, rather than simply acquiring and extracting natural resources. From a policy perspective, the findings suggest three areas of development to promote increases in, and the sustainability of Chinese investment in Africa. First, the implementation of mechanisms to better control levels of corruption. Second, the promotion of long-term political stability to reduce investor uncertainty, and third, increased investment in supply-side initiatives to boost host country productivity to reflect the changing nature of Chinese investment patterns in Africa.
Comparison between magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography and conventional hysterosalpingography: direct visualization of the fallopian tubes using a novel MRI contrast agent mixture
Authors: Duan Na , Chen Xiao , Yin Yanyun , Wang Zhongqiu , Chen Rong
Published: November 2019

Background

Magnetic resonance hysterosalpingography (MR-HSG) is a promising technique in the work-up of female infertility. Few existing MR-HSG studies focus on the comparison between MR-HSG with gold standard examination.

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic value of MR-HSG with conventional HSG in patients receiving both exams in one day.

Material and Methods

This study included 33 infertile women who completed pelvic MR scanning, HSG, and MR-HSG in that order. A traditional HSG contrast agent (iohexol) and a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent (1 mL gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) blended with 100 mL iohexol) were used to achieve image enhancement. Inter-observer and inter-modality agreements of HSG and MR-HSG exams were assessed. The results were calculated by using the kappa test. Three radiologists who were blinded to the clinical data independently reviewed the MR images. Extratubal abnormalities were analyzed.

Results

A total of 62 fallopian tubes of 33 women were included in the study. MR-HSG imaging findings to depict tubal patency were similar to these of HSG (AUC 0.911, sensitivity 0.821, specificity 1.000, positive predictive values 1.000, and negative predictive values 0.872). Pairwise inter-observer agreement among three observers and inter-modality agreement of the diagnosis were excellent (mean kappa 0.863 and 0.835, respectively). In addition, 29 extratubal abnormalities in 21 patients were found on pelvic MR scanning.

Conclusion

MR-HSG and HSG demonstrated similar results in assessing tubal patency. Because it offers the comprehensive assessment of female pelvic structures, and avoids ionizing radiation, MR-HSG may be used as an alternative imaging technique for evaluation of female infertility.
Mature cystic teratoma arising from the fimbrial end of the left fallopian tube. a case report
Authors: Chou Szu-Yuan , Chen Chi-Huang , Tzeng Shang-Yu , Wen Yu-Ching , Lin Ming-Cheih , Tzeng Chii-Ruey
Published: November 2019

We present a rare case of a woman with a mass containing soft tissue, fat, and calcified components attached to the fimbrial end of the left fallopian tube. A 38-year-old nulligravida woman who visited our clinic for infertility counseling had mild abdominal discomfort and a palpable mass in the lower abdomen. Multiple examinations were performed. Preoperatively, we considered that the patient had teratoma or teratocarcinoma of the left ovary. On exploratory laparotomy, we found that she had a mass with protuberances and a bulbous projection at one surface that was attached to the fimbrial end of the left fallopian tube. A histopathological examination showed a mature cystic teratoma that arose from the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube. Obstetricians should be aware of this abnormality. Early detection of this abnormality is advantageous for infertility counseling and planning of less invasive surgery in the hospital.
Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detecting Meniscal Ramp Lesions in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Koo Boyeon , Lee Sun Hwa , Yun Seong Jong , Song Jae Gwang
Published: November 2019

Background:

The clinical importance of meniscal ramp lesions in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear has emerged as a major issue. However, the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting ramp lesions has a wide range.

Purpose:

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of MRI for diagnosing ramp lesion in patients with ACL tear.

Study Design:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed based on the revised guidelines for the PRISMA DTA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) statement. Diagnostic performance studies using MRI as the index test and arthroscopy as the reference standard for ramp lesion were included. Bivariate and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic modeling was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity.

Results:

The review and meta-analysis included 9 studies from 8 articles (883 patients with ACL tear and reconstruction). The summary sensitivity, summary specificity, and area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic for ramp lesion were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.59-0.81), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-0.97), and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.92), respectively. Among the potential covariates, magnet strength ( P < .01), patient knee position ( P = .04), and MRI interpreter ( P = .04) were associated with heterogeneity in terms of sensitivity, whereas magnet strength ( P = .03) was associated with heterogeneity in terms of specificity.

Conclusion:

MRI demonstrated moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity for diagnosing ramp lesion. Routine arthroscopic assessment is recommended for the presence of ramp lesion, regardless of whether it is suspected on MRI. Further clinicoradiological studies of diagnostic algorithms are needed for identifying ramp lesion, including high-resolution MRI with appropriate knee position.
Reinforced alginate/gelatin sponges functionalized by avidin/biotin-binding strategy: a novel cardiac patch
Authors: Frati Caterina , Graiani Gallia , Barbani Niccoletta , Madeddu Denise , Falco Angela , Quaini Federico , Lazzeri Luigi , Cascone Maria Grazia , Rosellini Elisabetta
Published: November 2019

Adequate mechanical properties to withstand the surgical procedure and decoration with bioactive molecules promoting tissue regeneration are crucial aspects in the development of successful matrices for cardiac tissue engineering. The aim of this work was the development of a novel cardiac patch based on a blend of alginate and gelatin, designed to combine the improvement of suture resistance with an effective growth factor immobilization. We defined the procedures to incorporate a poly(dioxanone) membrane within the alginate/gelatin sponges and to functionalize the biomaterial with insulin-like growth factor-1, using the avidin–biotin-binding strategy. Morphological analysis of the reinforced scaffolds showed a porous structure and a good adhesion of the synthetic microporous membrane to the natural sponge. Infrared chemical imaging analysis demonstrated the efficacy of the chemical treatments performed for scaffold reinforcement and functionalization. A good hydrophilicity and an adequate permeability were shown by swelling and permeability tests. The inclusion of the synthetic membrane improved the viscoelastic properties, as measured by dynamic mechanical analysis, and the suture retention force under both dry and wet conditions. The in vitro and in vivo biological characterization showed that insulin-like growth factor-1 functionalization successfully enhanced cell adhesion and long-term retention after implantation on the damaged myocardium, together with improved suturability by poly(dioxanone) reinforcement.
Gender, Protection Orders, and Intimate Partner Violence in Later Life: A Study of Protective Order Filings in Arizona
Authors: Durfee Alesha , Goodmark Leigh
Published: November 2019

Most analyses of domestic violence and older adults focus on abuse by children and non-intimate caregivers. However, a significant percentage of elder abuse is perpetrated by an intimate partner. This article addresses a gap in the current literature on elder abuse by addressing how older survivors of intimate partner violence use the legal system as a tool to achieve safety by filing for a civil protection order. We critically examine 607 Arizona protection order filings in 2015, comparing those petitions filed by adults 50 and older ( n = 83) with those younger than 50 ( n = 524). We find significant differences in the forms of violence described in the protection order petition, as well as the types of relationships between the petitioner and respondent, the likelihood that an order will be issued, and the provisions requested and granted. Most importantly, gender is a critical component of our analysis—older petitioners are far more likely to be men than younger petitioners, and both petitions and outcomes are very different for older men than for older women. These results are then discussed in the context of the dynamics of older relationships, current firearm laws, and the barriers older adults face when attempting to use resources intended to help survivors achieve safety.
The impacts of emission trading scheme on China’s thermal power industry: A pre-evaluation from the micro level
Authors: Zeng Bingxin , Xie Jun , Zhang Xiaobing , Yu Yang , Zhu Lei
Published: November 2019

Emission trading scheme is known as a cost-effective measure for mitigating CO2 emissions, and recently, China has started the world's largest carbon trading system. As the most influential industry in determining China's overall CO2 emission level, the thermal power industry will be greatly affected by nationwide carbon market in the near future. This paper explores the impact of the upcoming national emission trading scheme on China's thermal power industry at firm level. First, based on empirical data of 478 thermal power plants, an empirical analytical framework of micro-firm level is constructed. Then, two kinds of policy scenarios, including no carbon emission trading and national emission trading scheme, in two different market structures have been analyzed. The results show that emission trading scheme have positive impacts on reduction of CO2 emissions among China’s power plants and can reduce the total abatement costs by 0.37%–41.5%. Furthermore, most of the thermal power plants are emissions permits buyers including all the low-emission gas-fired power plants. Additionally, compared with the perfect competition market, more than 70% of thermal power plants increase their total abatement costs in imperfect competition market. These findings provide reference for promoting the development of nationwide carbon emission trading system in China.
Non-Invasive Cell Tracking with Brighter and Red-Transferred Luciferase for Potential Application in Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Dou Lei , Matz Ethan L. , Gu Xin , Shu Fangpeng , Paxton Jennifer , Song Jinlin , Yoo James , Atala Anthony , Jackson John , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: November 2019

This study investigated the safety of a novel cell-labeling technology with mKATE and Renilla reniformis luciferase (mKATE-renLUC) and assessed the efficacy on tracking implanted human placental stromal cells (PSC) in an erectile dysfunction (ED) animal model. Human PSC were labeled with mKATE-renLUC using a lentivirus. Cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, surface marker expression and differentiation potential of the labeled PSC were evaluated and compared with non-labeled PSC. The paracrine profile of labeled cells was examined using an angiogenesis protein array. The brightness and duration of labeled cells with different densities were evaluated. An ED rat model was established and labeled PSC were injected into cavernosal tissue of the penis. The migration and distribution of transplanted PSC were monitored using an IVIS imaging system in real time. Implanted PSC were identified in isolated tissues via detection of mKATE fluorescence. The cell viability, morphology, proliferation, migration, surface marker expression and differentiation potential of mKATE-renLUC-labeled PSC were similar to those of non-labeled cells in vitro (no statistical difference p>0.05). Similar expressions of trophic factors were found between labeled and non-labeled PSC. The migration and distribution of PSC expressing renLUC were tracked in vivo using IVIS imaging system. mKATE-positive PSC were detected in penile, kidney, prostate and hepatic tissues using histological methods. This labeling technology provides a safe and effective cell-tracking approach with a brighter fluorophore and codon-optimized luciferase.
Properties of Samples With Segregating Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Dropout Mutations Within a Species
Authors: Griswold Cortland K
Published: November 2019

In polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based DNA sequencing studies, there is the possibility that mutations at the binding sites of primers result in no primer binding and therefore no amplification. In this article, we call such mutations PCR dropouts and present a coalescent-based theory of the distribution of segregating PCR dropout mutations within a species. We show that dropout mutations typically occur along branch sections that are at or near the base of a coalescent tree, if at all. Given that a dropout mutation occurs along a branch section near the base of a tree, there is a good chance that it causes the alleles of a large fraction of a species to go unamplified, which distorts the tree shape. Expected coalescence times and distributions of pairwise sequence differences in the presence of PCR dropout mutations are derived under the assumptions of both neutrality and background selection. These expectations differ from when PCR dropout mutations are absent and may form the basis of inferential approaches to detect the presence of dropout mutations, as well as the development of unbiased estimators of statistics associated with population-level genetic variation.
Follow the foreign leader? Why following foreign incumbents is an effective electoral strategy
Authors: Ezrow Lawrence , Böhmelt Tobias , Lehrer Roni , Ward Hugh
Published: November 2019

Previous research suggests that political parties respond to left–right policy positions of successful foreign political parties (“foreign leaders”). We evaluate whether this is an effective electoral strategy: specifically, do political parties gain votes in elections when they respond to successful foreign parties? We argue that parties that follow foreign leaders will arrive at policy positions closer to their own (domestic) median voter, which increases their electoral support. The analysis is based on a two-stage model specification of parties’ vote shares and suggests that following foreign leaders is a beneficial election strategy in national election because it allows them to better identify the position of their own median voter. These findings have important implications for our understanding of political representation, parties’ election strategies, and for policy diffusion.
Emergency department telemedicine consults decrease time to interpret computed tomography of the head in a multi-network cohort
Authors: Swanson Morgan B , Miller Aspen C , Ward Marcia M , Ullrich Fred , Merchant Kimberly AS , Mohr Nicholas M
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Telemedicine can improve access to emergency stroke care in rural areas, but the benefit of telemedicine across different types and models of telemedicine networks is unknown. The objectives of this study were to (a) identify the impact of telemedicine on emergency department (ED) stroke care, (b) identify if telemedicine impact varied by network and (c) describe the variation in process outcomes by telemedicine across EDs.

Methods

A prospective cohort study identified stroke patients in four telemedicine networks between November 2015 and December 2017. Primary exposure was telemedicine consultation during ED evaluation. Outcomes included: (a) interpretation of computed tomography (CT) of the head within 45 minutes and (b) time to administer tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). An interaction term tested for differences in telemedicine effect on stroke care by network and hospital.

Results

Of the 932 stroke subjects, 36% received telemedicine consults. For subjects with a last known well time within two hours of ED arrival (27.9%), recommended CT interpretation within 45 minutes was met for 66.8%. Telemedicine was associated with higher odds of timely head CT interpretation (adjusted odds ratio = 3.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69–5.46). The magnitude of the association between telemedicine and time to interpret a CT of the head differed between telemedicine networks (interaction term p = 0.033). Among eligible patients, telemedicine was associated with faster time to administer tPA (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.81; 95% CI 1.31–2.50).

Discussion

Telemedicine consultation during the ED encounter decreased the time to interpret at CT of the head among stroke patients, with differing magnitudes of benefit across telemedicine networks. The effect of heterogeneity of telestroke affects across different networks should be explored in future analyses.
Explaining the killing of journalists in the contemporary era: The importance of hybrid regimes and subnational variations
Authors: Hughes Sallie , Vorobyeva Yulia
Published: November 2019

Explanations for an increase in the killing of journalists worldwide over the last quarter century include the dangers of war coverage and unsafe conditions in formally democratic countries. Analyzing 1812 killings of journalists from 1992 to 2016, we find that countries with hybrid political regimes mixing liberal and illiberal elements create by far the most dangerous context for journalists, while a particular spatial configuration within those countries, subnational authoritarianism, clarifies the logic of the killings. In short, the study finds that most journalists died in countries where formal democratic norms and practices at the national level encourage investigative reporting in local arenas where powerholders have incentives to violently suppress critical press coverage. On a theoretical level, the synthesis of spatial analysis, comparative politics and journalism studies opens a fruitful path for theorizing anti-press violence and journalist safety. In terms of policy, international action should increase costs to national governments that overlook local misbehavior in return for political support. Discourse spotlighting local journalists’ contributions to human rights and democratic accountability may also be helpful.
Music, spirituality and dementia: Exploring joint working between pastoral care professionals and music therapists to improve person-centred care for people with dementia (Innovative Practice)
Authors: Connolly Lyndsey , Moss Hilary
Published: November 2019

This paper presents innovative practice in the area of interdisciplinary collaboration between pastoral care and music therapy professionals to meet the spiritual needs of people with dementia in a hospital environment. Our qualitative research identified the following themes to guide future endeavours in this area: Music has the capacity to facilitate spiritual expression; music therapy contributes to validating the individuality of the person with dementia; collaborative work between music therapy and pastoral care is worthy of further exploration. This study is one of few to address the potential for combining pastoral care and music therapy in the care of people with dementia.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated gastrointestinal and hepatic adverse events and their management
Authors: Shivaji Uday N. , Jeffery Louisa , Gui Xianyong , Smith Samuel C. L. , Ahmad Omer F. , Akbar Ayesha , Ghosh Subrata , Iacucci Marietta
Published: November 2019

Background:

Drug-induced colitis is a known complication of therapies that alter the immune balance, damage the intestinal barrier or disturb intestinal microbiota. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) directed against cancer cells may result in activated T lymphocyte-induced immune-related adverse events (AEs), including immune-related colitis and hepatitis. The aim of this review article is to summarize the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatic AEs related to ICI therapy. We have also looked at the pathogenesis of immune-mediated AEs and propose management strategies based on current available evidence.

Methods:

A literature search using PubMed and Medline databases was undertaken using relevant search terms pertaining to names of individual drugs, mechanism of action, related AEs and their management.

Results:

ICI-related GI AEs are common, and colitis appears to be the most common side effect, with some studies reporting incidence as high as 30%. The incidence of both all-grade colitis and hepatitis were highest with combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4/PD-1; severity of colitis was dose-dependent (anti-CTLA-4). Early intervention is associated with better outcomes.

Conclusion:

ICI-related GI and hepatic AEs are common and clinicians need to be aware. Patients with GI AEs benefit from early diagnosis using endoscopy and computed tomography. Early intervention with oral steroids is effective in the majority of patients, and in steroid-refractory colitis infliximab and vedolizumab have been reported to be useful; mycophenolate has been used for steroid-refractory hepatitis.
Elucidation of the time-dependent degradation process in insoluble hyaluronic acid formulations with a controlled degradation rate
Authors: Uemura Akiko , Ogawa Shingo , Isono Yasuyuki , Tanaka Ryou
Published: November 2019

Degradation rate of hyaluronic acid to prolong its stability in vivo would be beneficial. We investigated a potential solution for prolonging the stability of hyaluronic acid within the body. We focused on decreasing the swelling ratio to slow the degradation rate of hyaluronic acid by insolubilizing sodium hyaluronate without using potentially harmful substances such as crosslinkers or modifiers. Hyaluronic acid formulations were created with three different swelling ratios and time-dependent morphological changes in hyaluronic acid formulations and were scored based on each swelling ratio. In vivo degradation was modeled in simulated body fluid and the extent of decay of test membranes were monitored over time. Results showed that, by adjusting the swelling ratio, the degradation rate of hyaluronic acid formulation could be controlled. Our research could lead to improvements in many products, not only preventive materials for postoperative adhesions, but also pharmaceutical products such as osteoarthritis treatments and cosmetic medicines.
Body mass index in women aged 18 to 45 and subsequent risk of heart failure
Authors: Björck Lena , Lundberg Christina , Schaufelberger Maria , Lissner Lauren , Adiels Martin , Rosengren Annika
Published: November 2019

Background

The incidence of heart failure (HF) is decreasing in older ages, but increasing rates have been observed among younger persons in Sweden. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between risk of hospitalization for HF and body mass index (BMI).

Methods

This was a prospective registry-based cohort study. We included 1,374,031 women aged 18–45 years (mean age 27.9 years) who gave birth during 1982–2014, and were registered in the Medical Birth Register. Information on hospitalization because of HF was collected through linkage to the National Inpatient Register.

Results

Compared to women with a BMI of 20–<22.5 kg/m2, women with a BMI of 22.5–<25.0 had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.24 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–1.39) for HF after adjustment for age, year, parity, baseline disorders, smoking, and education. The HR (95% CI) increased to 1.56 (1.36–1.78), 2.39 (2.05–2.78), 2.82 (2.43–3.28), and 4.51 (3.63–5.61) in women with a BMI of 25–<27.5, 27.5–<30, 30–<35, and ≥35 kg/m2, respectively. The multiple-adjusted HRs (95% CI) associated with risk of HF per one-unit increase in BMI in women with a BMI ≥ 22.5 kg/m2 ranged from 1.01 (0.97–1.06) for HF related to valvular disease to 1.14 (1.12–1.15) for coronary heart disease, diabetes, or hypertension.

Conclusion

Increasing body weight was strongly associated with the risk of early HF in women. Compared with lean women, the risk for HF started to increase at high-normal BMI levels, and was nearly five-fold in women with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2.