bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connections of the light pollution issue to the un sustainable development goals
Authors: Mika János , Apró Anna
Published: May 2021

Our study answers the question: Which targets of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (2016-2030) are related to the light pollution. Although, the word light pollution is not mentioned by any of the 169 targets contained by 17 Goals, we found 12 targets to be related to the problem. Nine targets operate with general terms in which light pollution can also be considered. In the case of two further targets only the other environmental loads are mentioned, erroneously without the light pollution. One further target is connected through the fact that light pollution may hinder the foreseen positive processes of the target. The presented connections of light pollution to the SDG can also be utilised also in education of the issue. Besides its main target, the paper also provides a natural classification of the 17 Goals into five classes containing 2-4 Goals. These classes are Primary needs of humans (4 Goals); Equality between humans (4 Goals); Efficient, sustainable economy (4 Goals); Landscapes in danger (3 Goals); Worldwide cooperation (2 Goals).
Inspeção predial nas dependências da Escola Estadual Professor Rafael Magalhães de Itajubá-MG
Authors: Barbedo Matheus david Guimarães , Gonçalves Thayná Antônia da Silva
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho consiste em realizar a inspeção predial na Escola Estadual Professor Rafael Magalhães de Itajubá-MG ao qual identificou as patologias existentes como: fissuras, trincas, rachaduras, mofo, bolor, fiação elétrica exposta e com emendas, dentre outras e em seguida foi elaborado um laudo de inspeção predial baseado na norma do IBAPE (Instituto Brasileiro de Avaliações e Periciais de Engenharia) com o diagnóstico e prognóstico de cada manifestação patológica, e com o intuito de recuperar a estrutura gerou-se uma tabela com uma lista de prioridades de intervenção na edificação. Através da análise do laudo conclui-se que é necessário intervir com urgência na estrutura com uma manutenção corretiva, pois a mesma apresenta patologias que colocam em risco a integridade física das pessoas que ali convivem, além de se tratar de uma edificação de ensino que deve ter um ambiente saudável e seguro.
Obtaining and characterizing microemulsion systems containing Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP) for advanced oil recovery application
Authors: Alves Helton Gomes , Oliveira Gregory Vinicius Bezerra de , Viana Flávia Freitas , Rodrigues Marcos Allyson Felipe , Dantas Neto Afonso Avelino , Dantas Tereza Neuma de Castro
Published: May 2021

Fluids in terms of rheological behavior can be classified into Newtonians and non-Newtonians. Newtonians are fluids that have unique and absolute viscosities, because the ratio between shear stress and shear rate is constant. In the oil industry, most fluids, such as microemulsions, oil and polymeric solutions, do not exhibit Newtonian behavior. To understand the behavior of chemical fluids, it is necessary to analyze some parameters to interpret their properties and applicability. In this context, the present work aims to obtain and characterize microemulsion systems containing Alkali, Surfactant, and Polymer, and verify their applicability in advanced oil recovery. Thus, we obtained five microemulsion systems consisting of saponified coconut oil (surfactant), Butan-1-ol (co-surfactant), kerosene (oil phase), Na2CO3 (alkali), water and different percentages of the polymer. The systems were characterized by analyzes of particle diameter, surface tension, viscosity and rheological behavior using mathematical models. Droplet sizes showed characteristic values of micellar aggregates. Surface tension presented a slight elevation when the percentage of polymer in the microemulsion increased. Through the rheological study, it was possible to observe that experimental values were better adjusted to the Ostwald-de Waele “power-law” model. As the percentage of polymer in the system increased, we calculated the apparent viscosity of the systems and observed an increasing change in viscosity values, a result of great interest to enhanced oil recovery studies.
Contribuições e desafios da preceptoria nos Programas de Residência em Enfermagem
Authors: Freitas Barbara Tavares de Paula , Sé Aline Coutinho Sento , Gonçalves Raquel Calado da Silva , Pereira Gicélia Lombardo
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar a partir da busca na literatura científica as contribuições e desafios vivenciados pelos enfermeiros preceptores dos Programas de Residência em Enfermagem. Método: Estudo de revisão de literatura científica, realizado nas bases de dados do Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica, Base de Dados de Enfermagem, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Scientific Electronic Library Online, publicados entre 2010 e 2020 e nos idiomas português, inglês ou espanhol. Os resultados foram apresentados a partir da análise e síntese das evidências obtidas, discutindo-os à luz do referencial teórico. Resultados: A amostra final do estudo foi composta por oito artigos, de língua inglesa e portuguesa, predominantemente brasileiros, qualitativos e com ano de publicação em 2013, apontando como desafios à preceptoria nos Programas de Residência em Enfermagem carências relacionadas à qualificação, competências e reconhecimento profissional e como contribuições a participação ativa na formação dos alunos e busca constante de novos saberes para domínio teórico-prático. Considerações finais: Fazem-se necessárias mudanças capazes de estimular a satisfação e realização profissional, incentivo à qualificação pedagógica e reconhecimento da importância do papel do preceptor na formação dos residentes.
Soil organic matter of aggregates physicogenic and biogenic in areas under no-tillage system in the Cerrado, Brazil
Authors: Pinto Luiz Alberto da Silva Rodrigues , Ziviani Melania Merlo , Morais Igor de Sousa , Ferreira Robert , Silva Junior Wanderson Farias da , Lima Sandra Santana de , Silva Cristiane Figueira da , Torres José Luiz Rodrigues , Pereira Marcos Gervasio
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate i) the different cover crops contribution used in no-tillage system (NT) to biogenic aggregation; and ii) the influence of aggregate formation pathways on the compartmentalization and the soil organic carbon origin. Two areas managed under NT with different implementation times (6 and 18 years, NT06 and NT18, respectively) and cover crops were evaluated, totaling six sampling areas: NT06, millet (NT06MI); NT06, brachiaria (NT06BR); NT06, sunn hemp (NT06SH); NT18, millet (NT18MI); NT18, brachiaria (NT18BR); NT18, and sunn hemp (NT18SH). In each sampling area, five pseudo-replicates were collected in the 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m layers. The samples were air-dried and sieved using sieves with 9.7 and 8.0 mm mesh, and the aggregates retained within this interval were selected. The percentage of each type of aggregate (physicogenic and biogenic) was quantified. Total organic carbon (TOC) and the natural abundance of δ13C (‰) were analyzed and the physical fractionations of SOM were performed: particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) and density fractionation (free light fraction carbon, FLFC). Physicogenic aggregates were quantified in greater proportion, except for the areas of NT06BR and NT18BR in the 0.00-0.05 m layer. The biogenic aggregates showed the highest contents of TOC, POC, MAOC, FLFC and more negative values of δ13C. The use of grasses, especially Brachiaria spp., as cover plants in NT after 6 and 18 years of adoption favors the formation of aggregates through the biogenic pathway and they influence the compartmentalization and origin of stored organic carbon.
Avaliação do conhecimento e atitudes de alunos do curso de Odontologia sobre o HIV/AIDS
Authors: Silva Washington Henrique Themoteo da , Araújo Paula Caetano
Published: May 2021

O objetivo da presente pesquisa consistiu na avaliação do conhecimento e atitudes dos estudantes da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (FOUFU) sobre o HIV/AIDS. Este estudo transversal, utilizou um instrumento em forma de inquérito, a fim de coletar informações individuais, com graduandos do 7º e 8º períodos. Os resultados foram lançados no Microsoft Excel, sendo avaliados qualitativamente e quantitativamente. A amostra foi constituída por 61 discentes. Quanto a percepção sobre o HIV e experiências vivenciadas, 59% dos participantes afirmaram ter prestado atendimento a pelo menos um paciente autodeclarado HIV positivo. Neste cenário ainda, 26% dos participantes pesquisados relataram ter sofrido algum tipo de acidente biológico. Cerca de 31% dos entrevistados afirmaram que um cirurgião-dentista soropositivo não deve continuar exercendo sua profissão sem informar seu status sorológico aos seus pacientes. Sobre o uso de óculos de proteção, 19% dos participantes não o citaram como equipamento de proteção individual nos atendimentos. Desta forma, a avaliação do conhecimento e atitudes dos discentes é adequado quanto ao desenvolvimento, transmissão do vírus e manifestações orais. Todavia, foi observado que faltou maior compreensão por parte da amostra ao que tange as medidas de biossegurança, manejo após acidente biológico, e responsabilidade civil e criminal.
Políticas públicas nacionais para apoiar pessoas com deficiência e suas famílias: Uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Teixeira Ana Naysa Albuquerque , Freitas Cibelly Aliny Siqueira Lima , Queiroz Isabelle Frota Ribeiro , Lima Francisco Breno de Sousa , Moreira Luís Henrique Azevedo , Mazza Verônica de Azevedo , Rosa Benedita Shirley Carlos , Bezerra Ana Caroline Lira
Published: May 2021

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura que tem por objetivo analisar as produções científicas sobre políticas públicas nacionais brasileiras voltadas às pessoas com deficiência e suas famílias.  Foi realizado no mês de Outubro/2020, nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), utilizando os descritores “políticas públicas”, “deficiência” e "família”. A partir dos critérios de elegibilidade, foram selecionados 16 documentos. Diante da leitura dos artigos, observou-se que políticas públicas focadas nas pessoas com deficiência ainda se encontram incipientes. Também constatou- se a ausência de políticas voltadas para capacitação, informação e atenção aos cuidadores. Os resultados evidenciaram que as produções científicas sobre as políticas públicas nacionais que apoiam a pessoa com deficiência e sua família se apresentam de forma insatisfatória no meio das produções científicas.
Oficina educativa Atenção Centrada no Paciente: Um relato de experiência
Authors: Vieira Carine Freitas Galvão , Lima Sara Fiterman , Fonseca Julyana Suelen Rodrigues , Braga Cecílio Soares Rodrigues , Costa Ramon Souza , Oliveira Junior João de Jesus , Pasklan Amanda Namíbia Pereira , Silva Mayara Cristina Pinto da
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência vivenciada por participantes da nona versão do PET-Saúde, em uma oficina educativa sobre competência colaborativa- Atenção Centrada no Paciente/Usuário. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado por integrantes do projeto de extensão PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade, da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Campus Pinheiro. A oficina educativa intitulada “Competências Colaborativas: Atenção Centrada no Paciente/Usuário”, foi ofertada para 44 participantes, incluindo discentes, docentes e preceptores. Aplicaram-se instrumentos de avaliação pós-testes imediato e tardio (após cinco meses). Resultados: Verificou-se que a oficina alcançou os resultados esperados, haja visto que no questionário tardio os participantes declararam que obtiveram e aplicaram conhecimentos de modo satisfatório a respeito da competência trabalhada. Alegaram, também, melhora na relação entre profissionais e pacientes. Conclusão: Acredita-se que os resultados da experiência foram satisfatórios. Os conhecimentos trabalhados na Oficina permaneceram presentes nos entrevistados mesmo após cinco meses da sua realização. Além disso, a atividade permitiu uma análise crítica da realidade entre os participantes, incentivando o desejo de promover e demonstrar os conhecimentos adquiridos sobre educação interprofissional e de realizar uma prática mais colaborativa centrada no paciente/usuário, família e comunidade.
Psychometric properties of Quality-of-Life Index for Vietnamese women with breast cancer three weeks postmastectomy
Authors: Ha Xuan Thi Nhu , Thanasilp Sureeporn
Published: May 2021

Background: The patient’s quality of life immediately after mastectomy usually receives less attention than the quality of life after three months, six months, or a year. It is because the focus is mainly on surgical complications. Many instruments measure the quality of life from three months onwards. Still, the quality-of-life instruments right after postmastectomy is not yet verified.

Objective: This paper aimed to test the reliability and validity of the Quality-of-Life Index Vietnamese version (QOLI-V) in Vietnamese women with breast cancer three weeks postmastectomy.

Methods: The descriptive cross-sectional study was designed to analyze the psychometric properties of a Vietnamese version of the modified Quality of Life Index. The modified process was conducted after granting permission from the original authors. The content validity of the modified index was examined by five experts. Brislin’s model was used for the translation process. The 26-item QOLI-V was tested in 265 patients with breast cancer stage II three weeks postmastectomy who expected to have a poorer quality of life score. The reliability of the index was measured by Cronbach's alpha. The construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

Result: The content validity index results showed that the lowest I-CVI was .80 and the highest was 1.00. S-CVI/Ave was 0.95, and S-CVI/UA was 0.76. The Cronbach's alpha of QOLI-V was .84, which was considered acceptable. Most of the 26 items featured the correct item-total correlation of .30 to .60. There were only two items correlated with the total scale at .18, and the item with the lowest correlation (.06) was deleted from the item set.  The CFA of model 1 with 26 items was not an ideal fit with the data, with Chi-Square/df = 2.15, CFI =.815, GFI = .853, TLI=.792 RMSEA =.066. After deleted an item #general quality of life, and the CFA of model 2 was conducted on the 25-item index. The final result indicated the improvement of the model fit, with Chi-Square/df =2.26, CFI=.852, GFI=.814, TLI=.790, RMSEA=.069.

Conclusion: The 25-item QOLI-V version is considered valid and reliable to measure the quality of life of Vietnamese women with breast cancer three weeks postmastectomy. Nurses and midwives could use this instrument to measure the quality of life of the patients, and the patients could use it for self-assessment.

Funding: This study was funded by the 90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University Scholarship, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
Negative association between lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 activity and baroreflex sensitivity in subjects with high normal blood pressure and a positive family history of hypertension
Authors: Čelovská D , Vlčková K , Gonsorčík J
Published: May 2021

The relationship between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and inflammatory vascular biomarker Lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA(2)) in subjects with high normal blood pressure (HNBP, prehypertensives) with a positive family history of hypertension (FHH+) and hypertension history free control subjects (FHH-) was evaluated. A total of 24 HNBP participants (age 39.5 ± 2.5 years, 18 male/ 6 female) were studied. 14 HNBP subjects FHH+ were compared to 10 HNBP participants FHH-, being of similar age and body mass index. BRS (ms/mmHg) was determined by the sequence and spectral methods (five-minute non-invasive beat-to-beat recording of blood pressure and RR interval, controlled breathing at a frequency of 0.33 Hz). Venous blood was analyzed for Lp-PLA(2) biomarker of vascular inflammation and atherothrombotic activity. A significant negative correlation between spontaneous BRS obtained by both methods and systolic blood pressure (BP) was present (BRS spect r = –0.54, P<0.001, BRS seq r = –0.59, P<0.001). BRS obtained by sequence and spectral methods were reduced in HNBP FHH+ compared to the group of HNBP FHH-
(P = 0.0317 BRS seq, P = 0.0395 BRS spect). Lp-PLA(2) was significantly higher in HNBP FHH+ compared to FHH- controls (P< 0.05). Lp-PLA(2) was negatively correlated with BRS obtained by sequence method (r = -0.798, R2 = 0.636, P< 0.001) in the HNBP FHH+ subjects. These findings demonstrate that reduced baroreflex sensitivity, as a marker of autonomic dysfunction, is associated with vascular inflammation, predominantly in otherwise healthy participants with a positive family history of hypertension who could predispose to increased risk of hypertension. We conclude that our transversal study suggests that a low baroreflex sensitivity could be an early sign of autonomic dysfunction even in the prehypertensive period, and to corroborate these findings, a longitudinal study is needed.
The effects of spaceflight microgravity on the musculoskeletal system of humans and animals, with an emphasis on exercise as a countermeasure: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Moosavi D , Wolovsky D , Depompeis A , Uher D , Lennington D , Bodden R , Garber CE
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this systematic review is twofold: 1) to identify, evaluate, and synthesize the heretofore disparate scientific literatures regarding the effects of direct exposure to microgravity on the musculoskeletal system, taking into account for the first time both bone and muscle systems of both humans and animals; and 2) to investigate the efficacy and limitations of exercise countermeasures on the musculoskeletal system under microgravity in humans. The Framework for Scoping Studies (Arksey and O'Malley 2005) and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins JPT 2011) were used to guide this review. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist was utilized in obtaining the combined results (Moher, Liberati et al. 2009). Data sources, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for published articles through October 2019 using the Mesh terms of microgravity, musculoskeletal system, and exercise countermeasures. A total of 84 references were selected, including 40 animal studies and 44 studies with human participants. The heterogeneity in the study designs, methodologies, and outcomes deemed this review unsuitable for a meta-analysis. Thus, we present a narrative synthesis of the results for the key domains under five categories: 1) Skeletal muscle responses to microgravity in humans 2) Skeletal muscle responses to microgravity in animals 3) Adaptation of the skeletal system to microgravity in humans 4) Adaptation of the skeletal system to microgravity in animals 5) Effectiveness of exercise countermeasures on the human musculoskeletal system in microgravity. Existing studies have produced only limited data on the combined effects on bone and muscle of human spaceflight, despite the likelihood that the effects on these two systems are complicated due to the components of the musculoskeletal system being anatomically and functionally interconnected. Bone is directly affected by muscle atrophy as well as by changes in muscle strength, notably at muscle attachments. Given this interplay, the most effective exercise countermeasure is likely to be robust, individualized, resistive exercise, primarily targeting muscle mass and strength.
The anti-obesity and health-promoting effects of tea and coffee
Authors: Sirotkin AV , Kolesarova A
Published: May 2021

This paper reviews provenance, chemical composition and properties of tea (Camelia sinensis L.) and coffee (Coffee arabica, L. and Coffea caniphora, L.), their general health effects, as well as the currently available knowledge concerning their action on fat storage, physiological mechanisms of their effects, as well as their safety and recommended dosage for treatment of obesity. Both tea and coffee possess the ability to promote health and to prevent, to mitigate and to treat numerous disorders. This ability can be partially due to presence of caffeine in both plants. Further physiological and medicinal effects could be explained by other molecules (theaflavins, catechins, their metabolites and polyphenols in tea and polyphenol chlorogenic acid in coffee). These plants and plant molecules can be efficient for prevention and treatment of numerous metabolic disorders including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. Both plants and their constituents can reduce fat storage through suppression of adipocyte functions, and support of gut microbiota. In addition, tea can prevent obesity via reduction of appetite, food consumption and food absorption in gastrointestinal system and through the changes in fat metabolism.
HUBUNGAN TARIAN TRADISIONAL LANDEK KARO DENGAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK DI DESA SIOSAR KABUPATEN KARO
Authors: Depari Fanesa Anastasia , Gaol Rumiris Lumban , Sembiring Ribka Kariani , Tanjung Darinda Sofia
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan mengetahui hubungan antara tarian tradisional landek karo dengan pendidikan karakter di antara  anak-anak usia 9-13 tahun di kawasan relokasi gunung sinabung, desa Siosar, Pertibi Lama Kecamatan Merek, Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh anak-anak usia 9-13 tahun di desa Siosar yang berjumlah 156 orang. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dalam hal ini peneliti memilih 35 anak usia 9-13 tahun yang menjadi penari didalam kegiatan Siosar Festival pada bulan September tahun 2019 di desa Siosar untuk dijadikan sebagai sampel dalam penelitian. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode kuantitatif jenis survey dimana jenis penelitian ini untuk menguji hasil penelitian  dengan menggunakan teknik hipotesis, dan teknik hipotesis yang dipilih adalah hipotesis uji t.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tarian tradisional landek karo memiliki  rata-rata thitung 24,843 yang jumlahnya lebih besar dari ttabel sebesar 1.683 dengan kategori tinggi dan pendidikan karakter  memiliki rata-rata thitung 24,843 yang jumlahnya lebih besar dari ttabel  sebesar 1.683 dengan kategori tinggi, maka Ho diterima yaitu adanya hubungan antara tarian tradisional landek karo dengan pendidikan karakter pada anak di desa Siosar, Kabupaten Karo. Kata kunci: Tari Tradisional Landek Karo, Pendidikan Karakter
Cenotic Characteristic of Peganum harmala L. on Various Plant Communities
Authors: Makhmudova U.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of our coenopopulations studies of Peganum harmala L., conducted in various plant communities, ecologically most, less and least polluted areas. An old coenopopulation type has been identified in Peganum harmala L. in I CP in 2016 (∆−0.56–0.61), in II CP in 2018 (∆−0.56–0.56).
Vegetation and Its Importance in the Meadow-Brown Soils Formation
Authors: Aliyeva M.
Published: May 2021

The studied meadow-brown soils of moderately dry subtropics of Azerbaijan are formed under thinned forest-bush and lacustrine — grass vegetation. In meadow-brown and other types of meadow soils, vegetation development and phytomass formation are influenced by soil and surface moistening. Aboveground phytomass which plays an important role in humus formation of natural and cultural cenoses of meadow soils creates plant biomass of 32–60–76 cwt/ha and 55–110–119 cwt/ha.
Energy Assessment of Phytodestruction Activity of Earthworms and Woodlice
Authors: Samadov P.
Published: May 2021

The article provides data related to the participation of earthworms (Lumbricidae, genus Nicodrilus) and woodlice (Isopoda, genus Armadillidium) in the destruction of plant litter (wormwood, alfalfa, licorice, grapes) on meadow-gray soil. Decomposition experiments were carried out both on the natural (virgin) cenosis and on the agrocenoses of the above-mentioned plants. The results obtained showed that woodlice are active destructors of virgin vegetation, while earthworms are of significant importance in agrocenoses. The experimental data were evaluated energetically, as a result of which a selective ratio of invertebrates to various energy (forage) resources was revealed.
Spring Flora of the Northeast Part of the Lesser Caucasus and Its Classification
Authors: Bayramova A. , Rzayeva F.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the geobotanical classification of some species of spring flora formed in the north-eastern region of the Lesser Caucasus in Azerbaijan, vegetation types, phytocenosis and the composition of the flora, morphological structure and distribution of associations. The spring vegetation of the study area is relatively poorly studied. As a result of the research, it was found that the spring flora is dominated by annual and perennial grasses. Also, in order to determine the geographical structure of the species during the research, a comparative analysis of the geographical elements, including the habitat types of the species, was conducted.
German Students’ Environmental Literacy in Science Education Based on PISA Data
Authors:   Department Biology Education, Institute of Science Education, University of Bremen, Germany, Kaya Volkan Hasan , Elster Doris ,   Department Biology Education, Institute of Science Education, University of Bremen, Germany
Published: May 2021

The main aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect the environmental literacy (EL) of 15-year-old students in Germany. The data were based on findings from the PISA 2015 of German students (n = 6.504), which were published on the official PISA site (http://www.pisa.oecd.org). According to the results, there was a positive and meaningful relationship between EL and environmental optimism (EO) at a low level. There was a meaningful relationship between EL and socioeconomic characteristics (SEC). Moreover, SEC has a large effect on the EL. There was a significant relationship between both classic literature and books on art, music, or design that students have at home, number of musical instruments at home, and EL. There was, however, no significant relationship between both ‘books of poetry’ and ‘books to help with school work that students have at home’ and EL . Results show that there was a significant relationship between some of the selected teaching characteristics (frequency of adapting lessons, teachers’ providing individual help, teachers’ explanations of scientific ideas, and teacher changing the structure) and EL, while there was no significant relationship between EL and teachers continuing frequency of teaching. Recommendations for the promotion of EL in schools are discussed.
Use of Amniotic Membrane and Its Derived Products for Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Etchebarne Marion , Fricain Jean-Christophe , Kerdjoudj Halima , Di Pietro Roberta , Wolbank Susanne , Gindraux Florelle , Fenelon Mathilde
Published: May 2021

Thanks to their biological properties, amniotic membrane (AM), and its derivatives are considered as an attractive reservoir of stem cells and biological scaffolds for bone regenerative medicine. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the benefit of using AM and amniotic membrane-derived products for bone regeneration. An electronic search of the MEDLINE—Pubmed database and the Scopus database was carried out and the selection of articles was performed following PRISMA guidelines. This systematic review included 42 articles taking into consideration the studies in which AM, amniotic-derived epithelial cells (AECs), and amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs) show promising results for bone regeneration in animal models. Moreover, this review also presents some commercialized products derived from AM and discusses their application modalities. Finally, AM therapeutic benefit is highlighted in the reported clinical studies. This study is the first one to systematically review the therapeutic benefits of AM and amniotic membrane-derived products for bone defect healing. The AM is a promising alternative to the commercially available membranes used for guided bone regeneration. Additionally, AECs and AMSCs associated with an appropriate scaffold may also be ideal candidates for tissue engineering strategies applied to bone healing. Here, we summarized these findings and highlighted the relevance of these different products for bone regeneration.
The Role of RNA Methyltransferase METTL3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results and Perspectives
Authors: Pan Fan , Lin Xin-Rong , Hao Li-Ping , Chu Xiao-Yuan , Wan Hai-Jun , Wang Rui
Published: May 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 6th most prevalent cancer and the 4th leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Mechanisms explaining the carcinogenesis of HCC are not clear yet. In recent years, rapid development of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification provides a fresh approach to disclosing this mystery. As the most prevalent mRNA modification in eukaryotes, m6A modification is capable to post-transcriptionally affect RNA splicing, stability, and translation, thus participating in a variety of biological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor invasion and metastasis. METTL3 has been recognized as a pivotal methyltransferase and essential to the performance of m6A modification. METTL3 can regulate RNA expression in a m6A-dependent manner and contribute to the carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and drug resistance of HCC. In the present review, we are going to make a clear summary of the known roles of METTL3 in HCC, and explicitly narrate the potential mechanisms for these roles.
Applications of Biological and Physiological Signals in Commercial Video Gaming and Game Research: A Review
Authors: Hughes Alayna , Jorda Sergi
Published: May 2021

Video gaming is now available as a fully immersive experience that creates responsive inputs and outputs concerning the user, and some experimental developers have integrated the use of the voice, brain, or muscles as input controls. The use of physiological signal equipment can provide valuable information regarding the emotion of a player or patient during gameplay. In this article, we discuss five of the most common biosignals that are used in gaming research, and their function and devices that may be used for measurement. We break down those individual signals and present examples of research studies that implement them. We also discuss the usage of biological signals within commercial gaming and conclude with some possible future directions for the use of biological signals in gaming and game research.
Trends in Prevalence of Hypertension and Hypertension Phenotypes Among Chinese Children and Adolescents Over Two Decades (1991–2015)
Authors: Ye Xinxin , Yi Qian , Shao Jing , Zhang Yan , Zha Mingming , Yang Qingwen , Xia Wei , Ye Zhihong , Song Peige
Published: May 2021

Background: Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality. Elevated blood pressure (BP) in children is related to long-term adverse health effects. Until recently, few studies have reported the secular trend and associated factors of hypertension phenotypes in Chinese children and adolescents.

Methods: From the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1991–2015, a total of 15,143 records of children aged 7–17 years old were included. Following definitions of hypertension from the Chinese Child Blood Pressure References Collaborative Group, we estimated the prevalence of prehypertension, hypertension, stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension and its phenotypes (ISH, isolated systolic hypertension; IDH, isolated diastolic hypertension; SDH, combined systolic and diastolic hypertension). General estimation equation was used to analyze the trends in the prevalence of hypertension and hypertension phenotypes, and a multivariable logistic regression was constructed to explore the associated factors.

Results: During 1991–2015, increasing trends were revealed in BP and hypertension prevalence (P < 0.001) in Chinese children and adolescents. For ISH, IDH and SDH, the age-standardized prevalence increased dramatically from 0.9 to 2.2%, from 6.2 to 14.1%, and from 1.4 to 2.9%, respectively (all P < 0.001). Adolescents aged 13–17 years (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.56–1.97, P < 0.001), general obesity (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 2.10-3.44, P < 0.001) and central obesity (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.21–1.83, P < 0.001) were positively associated with hypertension, whereas the South region (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.58–0.73, P < 0.001) was a negative factor. Furthermore, body mass index (BMI) and general obesity were linked to the presence of ISH, IDH and SDH. Age, waist circumference (WC) and central obesity were additionally associated with ISH, and sex, age, urban/rural setting, North/South region, WC and central obesity were additionally associated with IDH.

Conclusion: BP levels and prevalence of hypertension and phenotypes increased dramatically in Chinese children and adolescents from 1991 to 2015. Regional discrepancy, demographic features, BMI, WC and overweight/obesity status were associated factors of hypertension among youths.
CO2 Utilization and Long-Term Storage in Useful Mineral Products by Carbonation of Alkaline Feedstocks
Authors: Baciocchi Renato , Costa Giulia
Published: May 2021

Accelerated carbonation is a carbon utilization option which allows the manufacturing of useful products, employing CO2-concentrated or -diluted emission sources and waste streams such as industrial or other processing solid residues, in a circular economy perspective. If properly implemented, it may reduce the exploitation of virgin raw materials and their associated environmental footprint and permanently store CO2 in the form of Ca and/or Mg carbonates, thus effectively contributing to climate change mitigation. In this perspective article, we first report an overview of the main mineral carbonation pathways that have been developed up to now, focusing on those which were specifically designed to obtain useful products, starting from different alkaline feedstocks. Based on the current state of the art, we then discuss the main critical issues that still need to be addressed in order to improve the overall feasibility of mineral carbonation as a CCUS option, as well as research needs and opportunities.
Numerical Simulation Research on the Irradiation-Thermal-Mechanical Performance Evolution of FCM Fuel
Authors: Changbing Tang , Yuanming Li , Yongjun Jiao , Kun Zhang , Peng Wang
Published: May 2021

FCM fuel which microencapsulated TRISO particles in SiC matrix is a promising ATF (accident tolerant fuel) candidate fuel designed to replace the traditional pellet-cladding fuel rod. In order to predict the in-pile behavior of FCM fuel accurately and to optimize the design of FCM fuel, it is necessary to establish a numerical simulation method of irradiation-thermal -mechanical coupling behavior of FCM fuel. In this study, the related thermal effects and irradiation effects of FCM fuel and the effect of gap heat transfer are considered. User defined subroutines are compiled respectively, and the above-mentioned correlation effects are introduced into ABAQUS software to establish a numerical simulation method for the irradiation-thermal -mechanical coupling behavior of FCM fuel. Based on the established numerical simulation method, the performance evolution of FCM fuel in the reactor is simulated, and the possible failure modes of FCM fuel in the reactor are analyzed. The research results can provide guidance for the optimization design and performance prediction of FCM fuel.
Evaluation of Manganese Oxide Octahedral Molecular Sieves for CO and C3H6 Oxidation at Diesel Exhaust Conditions
Authors: Wang Xin , Tan Wei , Guo Kai , Ji Jiawei , Gao Fei , Tong Qing , Dong Lin
Published: May 2021

Mn-based materials have been widely applied in the environmental catalysis field for their excellent redox properties. Here, three kinds of crystallite manganese oxides (pyrolusite, cryptomelane and todorokite) with different tunnel sizes (MnO(1 × 1), MnO(2 × 2), and MnO(3 × 3)) were prepared by hydrothermal method, and their catalytic performance in complete oxidation of diesel vehicle exhaust were tested. The highest catalytic oxidation activity was achieved on MnO(3 × 3) when compared with that on MnO(1 × 1) and MnO(2 × 2). Via a series of characterizations, such as transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray powder diffraction, N2-sorption experiments, temperature-programmed reduction by H2/CO, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc., it was found that the catalytic activity was mainly determined by the tunnel structure, specific surface area, and redox ability.
How Characteristics of a Rainfall Event and the Meteorological Conditions Determine the Development of Stemflow: A Case Study of a Birch Tree
Authors: Zabret Katarina , Šraj Mojca
Published: May 2021

The process of rainfall partitioning is usually addressed by three components: rainfall interception, throughfall and stemflow. The occurrence and proportion of stemflow depends on many complexly interconnected factors. To contribute to the interpretation of these interdependencies, the influence of rainfall event characteristics and phenoseasons on stemflow development was analyzed with a new approach. In this study we have focused on the development of stemflow during 156 rainfall events with complete time series records for a single birch tree (Betula pendula Roth.) at a study plot in the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia. For each one of the selected events, diagrams of rainfall and stemflow development during the event were prepared and grouped according to their visual similarities using hierarchical clustering. Additionally, significant meteorological characteristics were determined for each group of events. Four characteristic types of stemflow response were identified and connected to the corresponding event characteristics. Events showing negligible stemflow response to rainfall increase were characterized with rainfall amounts lower than 5 mm, high rainfall intensities, and occurrence in the leafed phenophase. A slow stemflow increase, independent of the increase of the rainfall volume in the open, was recognized for rainfall events delivering less than 20 mm of rainfall during a 5-h duration on average. The majority of these events were observed in the leafed phenophase, corresponding to higher air temperature and vapor pressure deficit. The occurrence of stemflow events, whose development followed the increase of the rainfall amount, was not dependent on the phenophase. However, during these events the average air temperature and vapor pressure deficit were lower, the rainfall amount was larger and the rainfall duration longer in comparison to the events showing independent increase with rainfall. The fourth type of response of stemflow was defined by a strong stemflow response in connection to large rainfall amounts and the longest rainfall duration, as observed for events in the leafless period. The four characteristic types of stemflow response provide additional information on the possible proportion of the rainfall reaching the ground as stemflow.
Characterization of Two Loss-of-Function NF1 Variants in Chinese Patients and Potential Molecular Interpretations of Phenotypes
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Han Tianting , Dong Zhiya , Li Chuanyin , Lu Wenli
Published: May 2021

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder characterized by cafe’-au-lait spots, skinfold freckles, the formation of neurofibromas, skeletal dysplasia, vascular dysplasia, and an increased risk of malignant tumors. In this study, two Chinese NF1 children troubled with bone lesions or hypertension were reported. A de novo NF1 mutation (c.4925T > A/p.V1642E) and a maternally inherited NF1 mutation (c.4883T > A/p.L1628∗) were identified by molecular sequence. According to the ACMG/AMP guidelines, the c.4925T > A was classified as variants of uncertain significance (VOUS) while the c.4883T > A mutation was identified as likely Pathogenic. Further study found that these two NF1 mutants had lost their function to inhibit the Ras/Erk signaling and the proliferation of cells, which could interpretate some phenotypes of these two NF1 patients. We also observed these two NF1 mutants displayed decreased protein stability with increased ubiquitination levels compared with that of wild-type NF1.
Immune Regulation in Time and Space: The Role of Local- and Long-Range Genomic Interactions in Regulating Immune Responses
Authors: Devenish Liam P. , Mhlanga Musa M. , Negishi Yutaka
Published: May 2021

Mammals face and overcome an onslaught of endogenous and exogenous challenges in order to survive. Typical immune cells and barrier cells, such as epithelia, must respond rapidly and effectively to encountered pathogens and aberrant cells to prevent invasion and eliminate pathogenic species before they become overgrown and cause harm. On the other hand, inappropriate initiation and failed termination of immune cell effector function in the absence of pathogens or aberrant tissue gives rise to a number of chronic, auto-immune, and neoplastic diseases. Therefore, the fine control of immune effector functions to provide for a rapid, robust response to challenge is essential. Importantly, immune cells are heterogeneous due to various factors relating to cytokine exposure and cell-cell interaction. For instance, tissue-resident macrophages and T cells are phenotypically, transcriptionally, and functionally distinct from their circulating counterparts. Indeed, even the same cell types in the same environment show distinct transcription patterns at the single cell level due to cellular noise, despite being robust in concert. Additionally, immune cells must remain quiescent in a naive state to avoid autoimmunity or chronic inflammatory states but must respond robustly upon activation regardless of their microenvironment or cellular noise. In recent years, accruing evidence from next-generation sequencing, chromatin capture techniques, and high-resolution imaging has shown that local- and long-range genome architecture plays an important role in coordinating rapid and robust transcriptional responses. Here, we discuss the local- and long-range genome architecture of immune cells and the resultant changes upon pathogen or antigen exposure. Furthermore, we argue that genome structures contribute functionally to rapid and robust responses under noisy and distinct cellular environments and propose a model to explain this phenomenon.
Identification of a Shrimp E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM50-Like Involved in Restricting White Spot Syndrome Virus Proliferation by Its Mediated Autophagy and Ubiquitination
Authors: Zhao Chao , Peng Chao , Wang Pengfei , Yan Lulu , Fan Sigang , Qiu Lihua
Published: May 2021

Most tripartite motif (TRIM) family proteins are critical components of the autophagy machinery and play important roles in host defense against viral pathogens in mammals. However, the roles of TRIM proteins in autophagy and viral infection have not been studied in lower invertebrates, especially crustaceans. In this study, we first identified a TRIM50-like gene from Penaeus monodon (designated PmTRIM50-like), which, after a white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge, was significantly upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels in the intestine and hemocytes. Knockdown of PmTRIM50-like led to an increase in the WSSV quantity in shrimp, while its overexpression led to a decrease compared with the controls. Autophagy can be induced by WSSV or rapamycin challenge and has been shown to play a positive role in restricting WSSV replication in P. monodon. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PmTRIM50-like significantly increased with the enhancement of rapamycin-induced autophagy. The autophagy activity induced by WSSV or rapamycin challenge could be inhibited by silencing PmTRIM50-like in shrimp. Further studies showed that rapamycin failed to induce autophagy or inhibit WSSV replication after knockdown of PmTRIM50-like. Moreover, pull-down and in vitro ubiquitination assays demonstrated that PmTRIM50-like could interact with WSSV envelope proteins and target them for ubiquitination in vitro. Collectively, this study demonstrated that PmTRIM50-like is required for autophagy and is involved in restricting the proliferation of WSSV through its ubiquitination. This is the first study to report the role of a TRIM family protein in virus infection and host autophagy in crustaceans.
18F-FDG PET/CT Associates With Disease Activity and Clinical Recurrence of AOSD Patients
Authors: Li Xian , Dong Chuning , Ma Xiaowei , Wang Yunhua
Published: May 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in monitoring the disease activity and predicting the prognosis of the Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical records of 45 AOSD patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Second Xiangya Hospital. PET/CT imaging and clinical information were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. 18F-FDG uptake was assessed by measuring standard uptake value (SUV) in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. The spleen-to-liver ratio of the SUVmax (SLRmax) and SUVmean (SLRmean), the bone-to-liver ratio of the SUVmax (BLRmax), and SUVmean (BLRmean), and the lymph nodes-to-liver ratio of the SUVmax (LyLRmax) were calculated. Clinical and laboratory information were collected and evaluated for association with metabolic parameters of 18F-FDG PET/CT. The influencing factors for recurrence within 1 year were analyzed to determine whether 18F-FDG PET/CT can predict the prognosis of AOSD patients.

Results: Elevated 18F-FDG uptake could be observed in bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes of AOSD patients. Correlation analysis between 18F-FDG uptake of organs and laboratory examinations showed that SLRmean positively correlated with LDH, AST, ferritin, and the systemic score (r = 0.572, 0.353, 0.586, and 0.424, P < 0.05). The SLRmean had the highest correlation with ferritin (r = 0586, P < 0.001). All metabolic parameters in spleen, including SUVmax, SUVmean, SLRmax, and SLRmean, are positively correlated with LDH level (r = 0.405, 0.539, 0.481, and 0.572, P < 0.05). Bone marrow SUVmax, BLRmax, and BLRmean were correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP) level (r = 0.395, 0.437, and 0.469, P < 0.05). Analysis of the influencing factors of recurrence within 1 year showed that the spleen SUVmax, spleen SUVmean, SLRmax, SLRmean, ferritin, and the systemic score of the recurrence group was significantly higher than the non-recurrence group (P < 0.05). The SLRmean cutoff of 1.66 with a sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 80.0% had the highest performance in predicting recurrence.

Conclusion: The glucose metabolism of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow of AOSD patients were correlated with laboratory inflammatory indicators and system score, suggesting that 18F-FDG PET/CT could be applied to evaluate disease activity. Moreover, spleen 18F-FDG uptake may be a potential biomarker for predicting clinical prognosis of AOSD patients.
Exploring Dendrimer Nanoparticles for Chronic Wound Healing
Authors: Tetteh-Quarshie Samuel , Blough Eric R. , Jones Cynthia B.
Published: May 2021

The United States spends billions of dollars to treat chronic wounds each year. Wound healing is complex in nature which involves several intricate multiphase processes that can be delayed for a number of reasons leading to the development of chronic wounds. Wound healing therapies range from topical preparations to surgical repair with treatment options that vary based on other underlying factors like co-infection, age, or co-morbidities such as diabetes. Historically, micelles and liposomes are some of the nanoparticle drug delivery systems explored to treat chronic wounds; however, recent data suggests that dendrimers have shown potential to rival these systems in treating chronic wounds as well as other diseases. This mini review examines advances in dendrimer nanoparticle drug delivery systems to treat chronic wounds.