bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of the Feto-Maternal triage Program in Maternity Hospitals Of Baghdad City
Authors: Muttaleb Wisam M. , Bahaâ€™aldeen Ezedeen F.
Published: May 2021

Objectives:   To evaluate the impact of fate-maternal triage program upon laboring women's outcomes.

Methods: Quazi- experimental design was conducted upon laboring women seeking  for care in Baghdad hospitals The study was conducted At Baghdad hospitals, which in both sides Al-Kargh (13 hospital) and Al-Resafa(23 hospital). The sample of the study consist of 280 laboring women, 140 women for each control and study group who are attending to the labor room in selected hospitals. Questionnaire format conducted as a flow sheet. It is designed and developed by the researcher depending on the feto-maternal triage index of AWHONN'S and Manchester triage system with some modification done by a researcher.

 Results:the mean age for both groups is 29.85 Â± 8.64. More than a quarter of participants in the study group are within the age group of (21-25) years-old (n = 40; 28.6%), followed by those who are in the age group of (31-35) years-old (n = 36; 25.7%). For the control group, more than a third are in the age group of (21-25) years-old (n = 47; 33.6%), followed by those who are in the (31-35) years-old (n = 33; 23.6%).Concerning participantsâ€™ BMI, more than two-fifths in the study group are overweight (n = 61; 43.6%),for the control group, more than two-fifths in the study group are overweight (n = 61; 43.6%).More than a third of participants in the study group reported that the waiting time is (10-20) minutes and (21-30) minutes (n = 53; 37.9%) for each of them,For the control group, more than two-fifths reported that the waiting time is (31-60) minutes (n = 58; 41.4%).The mean waiting time for the control group is greater than that of the study group (1.68, 1.32) respectively. also more than a third of participants in the study group reported that the severity of cases are very urgent and emergency cases (n = 44; 31.4%), (n=23; 16.4%) respectively for each of them. For the control group, more than half of participants reported that the severity of case is very urgent and emergency cases (n = 44; 33.6 %),(n=20;14.3) respectively.There is a statistically significant difference in the mothersâ€™ complications between the study and the control groups (Ï‡2 = 13.755, df = 1, p-value = .000). This indicates a positive influence of the program in reducing the mother's complications.

Conclusion: The study shows that the positive influence of the program in triage the cases according to its severity and according to the levels used in the triage.
Gribas izteikums kā tiesiska darījuma svarīgākais elements
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Kadile Laura
Published: May 2021

To any uninvolved reader, word combinations like “understand the meaning of one’s action” and “ability to control one’s action” can be confusing. Would the legislator have deliberately created such a broad-ranging combination of philosophical concepts in the text of a legal norm that each factual circumstance could be covered under these concepts and render applicable the legal consequences specified in the legal norm, or, after all, does the legal doctrine and case law already envisage a clear model, according to which the respective legal norm is applied? In the absence of a uniform filling of a legal norm with substance, might such an interpretation permit a purely subjective assessment? For a uniform interpretation and application of legal norms to exist in practice, the interpretation must be based on new fundamental principles and a common legal doctrine, abstaining from the case law and understanding of legal norms that existed before the reform of civil procedure capacity.
Antroponīmu ar detoponīmiskajiem pievārdiem atveide “Nībelungu dziesmas” tulkojumā latviešu valodā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Kudiņš Bernards
Published: May 2021

The current study is dedicated to anthroponymy in the Middle High German epic poem “Song of the Nibelungs”, delving into the problem of rendering anthroponyms with detoponymic bynames. It was carried out with the aim to develop strategies for their depiction in the Latvian language in order to form a scientific basis for the translation of this epic poem. Methods such as quantitative and qualitative corpus analysis and empirical research were used to find out how anthroponyms with detoponymic bynames are realized in the “Song of the Nibelungs”, what is their role in text structure and message and how these properties can be reproduced in the target language. It has been found that detoponyms not only provide information about the origins of epic characters, but also perform formally stylistic functions, and their reproduction requires creative solutions to preserve their unique features. In conclusion, practical examples of the implementation of rendering strategies in translation are presented, which clearly show the close connections between anthroponyms with detoponymic bynames and the structure of the text and justify the choice of specific approaches
Scenario Modeling in Health System Management Perm Region (Part 1)
Authors: Tsatsulin Alexander N. , Tsatsulin Boris A.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of scenario modeling in relation to solving a number of problems of managing the health care system of the Perm Territory, which in recent years has attracted attention by the development of a number of promising projects to develop this industry, to expand the availability of medical services and to improve the level of medical care for the population. Since any good-quality project must be directly linked not only to the future periods of its implementation, but also be scientifically justified in terms of insuring all kinds of risks and threats that will stand in the way of the successful completion of the project, recently all kinds of projects, programs and plans are often developed are created using the so-called scenario approach. Several options for the development of events with this approach are offered to the appropriate circle of leaders or the power structure for the subsequent adoption of an appropriate management decision.The authors of the article consider the main provisions and principles of the scenario approach using the example of the development of the health care system of a particular subject of the federation, which makes the material proposed for consideration very relevant. The authors also define, as they see it, the main result of improving the industry in the form of a target and a national goal — the expected (upcoming) life expectancy of the population of the study area. This socio-economic indicator, which has all the signs of fatefulness, is considered by the authors to be a priority analytical indicator of the level and quality of an effective life of a Russian. The latter determines the purpose of this study.The authors consider the construction of dynamic multivariate models of industry development options for a period of up to three years to be an efficient tool for analyzing and forecasting this indicator, which is presented in the article in the form of five simultaneous equations of multiple regressions. The results of this construction are continued by discussion, and the article ends with the list of the conclusions. The authors also inform the reader about the further direction of their scientific research.
Legal Regulation of Merchant Shipping (Review of the textbook “The Law of the Sea and International Maritime Business”)
Authors: Kashkin Sergey Yu. , Kalinichenko Paul A.
Published: May 2021

The law of the sea is central to the modern international system and has a significant impact on the global economy. Its study is undoubtedly necessary for the education of highly qualified lawyers in the field of international law due to the fact that the safety of sea transport corridors plays a significant role in the development of international trade relations. Freedom of navigation practice in the post-industrial economy depends on the quality of the institutions of public maritime law and the efficiency of the execution of maritime contracts. Authors of the textbook made efforts to master the provisions of public maritime law in their relationship with the practices of merchant shipping, which is certainly interesting and useful due to the importance of maritime trade for achieving the sustainable development goals.
Economic Ecosystems and Their Classification
Authors: Khalin Vladimir G. , Chernova Galina V. , Kalayda Svetlana A.
Published: May 2021

The most important trends in modern social development are economic convergence and digitalization. It is their interaction that creates new opportunities for increasing competitiveness and efficiency in the framework of joint business of representatives of various segments and sectors of the economy. The main institutional and organizational form of doing business within the framework of intersectoral economic convergence under the influence of digitalization is becoming an ecosystem. The aim of the article is to clarify the concept of an ecosystem as a form of joint business in the context of intersectoral economic convergence and digitalization, as well as to build a classification of ecosystems. The study puts forward the following hypothesis the ecosystem as an institutional and organizational form of running a joint business is the result of the simultaneous influence of intersectoral economic convergence and digitalization on it, and “the connection of the basic product provided to the client by the initiator of the intersectoral economic convergence before the creation of the ecosystem with digital and/or information technology ”can be used for the economic ecosystems classification. The novelty of the approach is the following. Considering an ecosystem as a form of joint business running with the simultaneous impact of economic intersectoral convergence and digitalization on it makes it possible to clarify the concept of an ecosystem, highlight as the ecosystem parameter used to the ecosystem classify and as its main characteristic, the values of which can be used to construct a classification of economic ecosystems.
Using the problem to win or some of the benefits of distance educationms
Authors: Shamahov V. A.
Published: May 2021

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Molecular profiling of congenital glioblastoma using a next-generation sequencing panel
Authors: Corrêa Débora Cabral de Carvalho , Tesser-Gamba Francine , Silva Nasjla Saba da , Capellano Andrea Maria , Alves Maria Teresa de Seixas , Dastoli Patrícia Alessandra , Costa Marcos Devanir Silva da , Cavalheiro Sergio , Toledo Silvia Regina Caminada de
Published: May 2021

Background Congenital GBM (cGBM), presenting prenatally or
within the first months of life, is among the rarest type of congenital
brain tumor, with approximately 120 cases reported. Due to its
infrequent occurrence, few studies have focused on the molecular and
genetic aspects of this tumor, and the mutational events involved in the
pathogenesis and progression of cGBM still remain poorly understood.
This study aimed to investigate molecular alterations, with a potential
prognostic marker and therapeutic target in cGBM using the
next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategy. Methods We selected
seven tumor samples from patients diagnosed with cGBM and treated at
Pediatric Oncology Institute-GRAACC/UNIFESP. NGS was performed to
identify somatic genetic variants in tumor samples using the Oncomine
Childhood Cancer Research Assay panel, from
ThermoFisher Scientific, designed specifically for
pediatric neoplasms. Results Of all seven patients analyzed,
three patients exhibited tumors with genetic variants, which include two
pathogenic variants in NF1 and SUZ12 genes that have not
been reported in cGBM yet, an increase in the number of copies
of ALK gene, and two gene fusions, PPP1CB-ALK
and TPM3-NTRK1. Also, none of the cases showed variants
in H3F3A, TP53 and ATRX genes, alterations which
are frequently seen in pediatric and adolescent
GBM. Conclusions Our results suggest that cGBM may comprise a
unique tumor entity and alterations in ALK and NTRK genes
provide a potential target for therapy. Therefore, identification of
genetic variants in cGBM is highly relevant in order to define prognosis
and therapeutic strategies.
Extracellular expression and characterization of an α-glucosidase from Oryza sativa and its transglycosylation for synthesis of 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid
Authors: Qi Xuelian , Shao Junlan , Cheng Yinchu , He Xiaoying , Li Yan , Jia Honghua , Yan Ming
Published: May 2021

Abstract: 2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is an important
industrial derivative of L-ascorbic acid (AA), which has the distinct
advantages of non-reducibility, antioxidation, and reproducible
decomposition into L-ascorbic acid and glucose. Enzymatic synthesis is a
preferred method for AA-2G production over alternative chemical
synthesis owing to the regioselective glycosylation reaction.
α-Glucosidase, an enzyme classed into O- glycoside hydrolases, may be
used in glycosylation reactions to synthesize AA-2G. Here, one
α-glucosidase from Oryza sativa (rAGL) was recombinantly produced in
Pichia pastoris GS115 and used for biosynthesis of AA-2G with few
intermediates and byproducts. The extracellular rAGL reached 9.11 U/mL
after fed-batch cultivation for 102 h in a 5-L fermenter. The specific
activity of purified rAGL is 49.83 U/mg at 37 °C and pH 4.0. The optimal
temperature of rAGL was 65 °C, and it was stable below 55 °C. rAGL was
active over the range of pH 3.0–7.0, with the maximal activity at pH
4.0. Under the condition of 37 °C , pH 4.0, equimolar maltose and AA·Na,
8.7±0.4 g/L of AA-2G was synthesized by rAGL. These studies lay the
basis for the industrial application of recombinant α-glucosidase.
Keywords: α-Glucosidase; Oryza sativa; 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic
acid; Transglycosylation; Pichia pastoris
Isolated Cecal Necrosis: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Kardoun Nizar , Hadrich Zied , Daoud Rahma , Harbi Houssem , Boujelben Salah , Mzali Rafik
Published: May 2021

Isolated cecal necrosis is a rare variant of ischemic colitis which
typically simulates the presentation of acute appendicitis. The elderly
population is the most affected. We report 2 cases of isolated caecal
necrosis, which were preoperatively diagnosed, in 2 female patients with
a history of hypertension and renal failure.
Strangulated obturator hernia: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Kardoun Nizar , Hadrich Zied , Masmoudi Abderrahmen , Harbi Houssem , Boujelben Salah , Mzali Rafik
Published: May 2021

Obturator hernia is a rare condition. It is more commun in women than
men owing to their greater width of the pelvis and larger obturator
canal. We report 2 cases of strangulated obturator hernia, which were
preoperatively diagnosed, in 2 female patients without previous history
of abdominal surgery.
Predicted the Cumulative Annual Rainfall in Iraq using SDSM Modal
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar Ali Mokhles , Abdulkareem Asraa Khtan
Published: May 2021

Rain is deemed one of the most important climate elements. It must be given special attention for being the basis without which no kind of life in the world can be there. The aim of the study is to use Statistical models Downscaling (SDSM) where it is a universal model used to converting large scale output into a small scale that can be used to study impact at the local scale (Iraq)' to Forecasting cumulative annual rainfall for the next years where there are a few studies used this model in Iraq. Daily rainfall data from the Iraqi Meteorological Organization and Seismology (IMOS) (2007-2016) for the study areas (Baghdad, Karbala, Al-Hay, Mosul, Kirkuk, Khanaqin, Basra, Nasiriya, Diwaniya, and Rutba) is used to estimate the amount of rainfall by using SDSM. The model was used to estimate the rain values and then the results were compared with the actual values, the results were very close to each other. Also, the model used to predict the cumulative annual rainfall from (2017-2021), The result shows that the bigger amount of rainfall in the north region with (3821) mm and the lowest amount in the west region (665) mm, while middle region (1848) mm and south region (1828) mm.
Monitoring the Land Covers Around Al- Razaza Lake/ Iraq Based Upon Multi-Temporal Analysis Technique
Authors: Kadhum Sabah Noori , Alsudani Esraa Salam
Published: May 2021

Remote sensing techniques are very important for the identification of land cover patterns and monitoring changes that occurred, thus three different periods were taken for the Al-Razaza lake region.  The Summer and spring months were chosen because climate changes were observed and their effect on land covers was monitored.  According to the applied supervised classification, the study area was divided into four land covers, nearly closed Al – Razaza Lake was deeper in its western portions, thick vegetation cover was found. The eastern and southern portion of the lake was bounded by desertic and semi-desertic land. The water level in the lake was fluctuating with different seasons. During the period 2000 and 2015 the area of the lake was height decreased around 320 Km2.   Climate changes led to increasing drying out water areas and a high increase in the number of saline areas in 2015. This study shows a significant decrease in water cover In terms of depth and area of the lake due to the large decline in the value of the NDWI index.
A multimedia Environmental Model to Predict the Lead Concentration in Children’s Blood Near Al-Dorah Refinery in Baghdad
Authors: Ajeel Afrah A. , Al-Lami Ahmed K. , Al-Maliki Ali A.
Published: May 2021

Lead-contaminated water, soil, and air have been perceived as potential sources of lead exposure for a considerable length of time, which continues to threaten human health; particularly that of young children. An Integrated Exposure, Uptake, and Biokinetic (IEUBK) as a human health risk model were applied to predict the Blood lead levels (BLLs) in children. A variety of data for air, soil, and water were obtained from the industrial region in Al-Dorah city in Baghdad for the period 2012- 2014. The result found that the predicted BLLs value of 11.17 μg/dL obtained from the IEUBK model was exceeding the agency’s threshold of concern of 10 μg/jdL which was considered as the lowest level of concern for BLL in children, this result of the IEUBK model was in agreement with the actual value of BLLs which were taken from previous literature for 24 blood samples of school children matched for age curried out in the same Al-Dorah region. This technique propels logical comprehension of the connection between BLLs in children and environmental media in both air and soil for the pollute condition. It can control national health-based benchmarks for lead and related community public health decisions.
Analysis the Intensity of CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion in Iraq
Authors: Hassan Ahmed S. , Kadhum Jasim H.
Published: May 2021

Carbon dioxide intensity (CI) refers to carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion that mainly used for electricity, heat, transport, and other life requirements. The objective of this paper is better to understand CI as an indicator of Global Warming, and compared its behavior with two other variables (total CO2 emissions, and CO2 emissions per capita). The main data sources an available and activity data from Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). Three annual variables used in this study; CI, total CO2 emissions, and CO2 per capita for fossil fuel emissions during long time series from (1971 to 2018).The results of CI shown that the highest value found out at the beginning of the study in 1971 was (7.188 kg/kg oil equivalent), and then decreased till reach to lower value was (1.707 kg/kg oil equivalent) in 1997, after that slowly increased in the last decade near to (3.63 kg/kg oil equivalent). The total CO2 emissions were strongly related to oil prediction. The highest value for total CO2 emissions was (188.1 Mt) in 2018, with Iraqi oil production more than (4.78 million barrel/day). The total CO2 emissions increased by (65. 176%) during the study period.  The total CO2 emissions were inversely proportional to CI.  The level of CO2 emission per capita rate fluctuated around average (3.49 metric tons per capita); the maximum rate was (4.99 metric tons per capita) in 2013.
Variability of Solar UV Radiation and Its Relationship to Pollutants in Baghdad City
Authors: Basheer Firas Sabeeh , Hameed Ahmed Ali , Kokaz Ahmed Abdulla
Published: May 2021

The atmospheric constituents generated by the activities of an urban area may affect UV radiation reaching the ground. In this study, two areas were chosen in Baghdad city (Zafaraniyah and Abu Ghraib). Parameters of the pollutants data (Total column NO2 and Total column CO) and UV radiation for specific bands were collected and analyzed for the period of three years (2017-2019) were taken hourly from the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) for each parameter through the years. The results show that the concentrations of pollutants in Zafaraniyah higher than Abu Ghraib throughout the year, Where total column NO2 reaching to about 9.6 * 10-5 kg m-2 in 2019 for Zafaraniyah and 8.48 * 10-5 kg m-2 for Abu Ghraib. While total column CO reaching to about 45 * 10-4 kg m-2 in 2019 for Zafaraniyah and 43 * 10-4 kg m-2 for Abu Ghraib in the same year. While the values of UV radiation in Abu Ghraib higher value 487.3W/m2 than 443.7 W/m2 Zafaraniyah throughout the year.
Rainwater Harvesting Using GIS Technique: A Case Study of Diyala Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Al-Khafaji Dhuha S. , Abdulkareem Asraa Khtan , Al-Kubaisi Qusai Y.
Published: May 2021

To improve the management of water resources in Iraq, there are several methods, including the use of rainwater harvesting techniques. In this study, the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Landsat satellite imagery were used under the GIS environment to identify the suitable zones for rainwater harvesting. The accomplishment of rainwater harvesting systems strongly depends on their technical designing and identifying the suitable sites. Six criteria have been used to identify the rainwater harvesting sites in the Diyala governorate. The procedure of identifying the suitable sites for rainwater harvesting was applied twice for the Diyala governorate. Firstly, it was applied by using the criteria of rainfall, slope, stream order, distance to roads, and land use, and secondly, rainfall, slope, stream order, distance to roads, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) criteria were used for this purpose. As a result, the study area was divided into three suitability zones: low, moderate, and high according to the specific criteria that were used to identify the rainwater harvesting suitable sites. It was found that in the application of land use criterion the low suitability zone represents 26%, 58% represents the moderate, and 16% for the high suitability zone, while in the method of NDVI it was found that 29% represents the zone that has low suitability, 57% represents the moderate, and 14% represents the high suitability zone. The compared results led to conclude that the land use is the most influential criterion for identifying the rainwater harvesting suitability sites and found that most of the Eastern parts of Diyala governorate are promising areas for rainwater harvesting and ArcGIS is a very useful, time-saving, and cost-effective tool for identifying the rainwater harvesting suitable sites.
Surgical Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Clinical Characteristic, Surgical Outcome, Complication and Recurrence Rate
Authors: Gupta Dr. Vipul Kumar , Gupta Dr. Akshay
Published: May 2021

Background: Chronic subdural hematoma is one of the most frequent neurosurgical conditions encountered in elderly people (usually, after minor head trauma) and in patients on long term anticoagulation and long term hemodialysis. The aims of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics found in chronic subdural hematoma patients & the surgical outcomes, complications and recurrence rate in chronic subdural hematoma patients. Method: A prospective study of surgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma, clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, complication and recurrence rate was done over a period of 2 months between 1st June, 2020 and 31st July, 2020 at GMC Jammu. Result: A total of 35 patients of chronic subdural hematoma, 28 males and 7 females underwent surgery. Maximum were in the age group range of 66-70 years and 81-85 years. 20 cases developed SDH after trauma (due to fall) and 15 cases developed spontaneous SDH. The most common presenting complaint of patients seen in our study was hemiplegia/hemiparesis in 26 cases followed by headache in 15 cases. 10 cases were found to have bilateral hematoma. The most common post-operative complication observed was reaccumulation of hematoma seen in 4 cases. In our study out of 35 patients 27 had GCS score of 15. These patients were discharged home earlier post-operatively, with good outcome. Surgical outcome was good in 100% cases & 0% surgical mortality was observed. Conclusion: Burr hole evacuation for chronic subdural hematoma provides significant improvements is neurological status and good outcomes with 0% mortality observed in our study.
Spatial Patterns of Second Home Development as Part of Rural Landscapes. A Case Study of Apuseni Nature Park
Authors: CIUPE Ioana Alexandra
Published: May 2021

During the last decades, against the backdrop of radical social and economic restructuring, the rural environment has changed fundamentally, arising new social and economic dynamics and cultural realities. The second homes development has significantly contributed to this process and created major challenges for the need to protect the rural character. Therefore, with the purpose of integrated and sustainable spatial planning, a detailed acquaintance of second homes’ spatial differentiation as part of contemporary rural landscapes, is a core prerequisite. This study aims to determine the second homes spatial patterns in relation to the main characteristics of the local environment, and to create a practical cornerstone for stakeholders concerned with integrated planning of second home tourism. In order to achieve these goals, this research used five major datasets related to land cover, elevation, climate, management system for protected areas and other social aspects (e.g. tourism, native settlements). Twenty-three variables were defined using GIS and subsequently assigned to grid cells with a size of 1.5 km2. To reduce the dimensionality of spatial datasets, Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was performed, resulting seven components that explained 77.2% of the variation. The PCA score was the subject of k-means cluster analysis that revealed nineteen landscape types. Finally, the spatial location of second homes is overlaid with the identified rural landscapes. This approach shows plenty of hidden nuances of second home tourism and facilitates its integration in both spatial, socio-cultural, and administrative dimensions.
A concepção de epistemologia da organização do conhecimento
Authors: Araújo Paula Carina de , Guimarães José Augusto Chaves , Tennis Joseph T
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Estudo sobre posições epistêmicas que influenciam o domínio da organização do conhecimento a partir da análise da literatura científica. Objetiva descrever a concepção de epistemologia no periódico Knowledge Organization por meio da metateoria. Método: Pesquisa exploratória e descritiva que desenvolve um estudo metateórico baseado na metateoria de Ritzer. Duas ferramentas da teoria fundamentada em dados foram utilizadas, codificação e memorando. Resultado: Três famílias de atributos foram identificadas a partir do processo de codificação e do memorando: o conceito de epistemologia na organização do conhecimento, seu propósito e as posições epistêmicas que influenciam o domínio. A terceira família de atributos é analisada neste artigo. Empirismo, racionalismo, historicismo e pragmatismo são descritos como as principais posições epistêmicas que influenciam o domínio. O pragmatismo predomina na análise, seguido das teorias críticas e do historicismo. Conclusões: O estudo conclui que a concepção da epistemologia no domínio da organização do conhecimento é o estudo crítico dos princípios, hipóteses e produção de conhecimento no domínio. A epistemologia se preocupa com o conhecimento científico produzido pelo domínio da organização do conhecimento, bem como com a aplicação do conhecimento para a criação dos sistemas de organização do conhecimento para apoiar o processo de organização do conhecimento como um todo.
Uma epistemologia genética dos ecossistemas de desinformação? Problema interdisciplinar / resposta transdisciplinar
Authors: Paula Claudio Paixão Anastácio de
Published: May 2021

Este ensaio sugere bases bio-psico-histórico-sociais de uma possível abordagem do campo informacional com vistas ao combate da desinformação a partir da compreensão da ecologia mental que a sustenta. Propõe-se uma ponte conceitual entre as concepções de schème (palavra que poderia ser traduzida em português como esquema mental) em Jean Piaget e Gilbert Durand, avaliando a adequação de sua incorporação a uma epistemologia crítica do campo e, consequentemente, à criação de uma abordagem integradora para as teorias que se dedicam ao entendimento do conceito de informação. Caracteriza-se a ecologia mental da desinformação entendendo a sustentação da disseminação e da crença em informações falsas a partir da sua abordagem através da transposição dos modelos evolutivos de transferência de informações culturais propostos pela memética para o campo informacional. Finalmente, propõe-se um paralelo entre: 1) a utilização do termo schèma (em tradução aproximada para o português; esquema representado, diagrama) e da teoria da schematization pela Escola Esquematista da Ciência da Informação e 2) uma possível utilização do conceito schème e uma teoria da schemetization para sustentar a necessidade de construção de base para a redefinição do campo informacional. Argumenta-se que essa redefinição é suscitada pela condição hipermoderna e que, a partir da abertura disciplinar para diálogos teóricos entre as visões sociais, cognitivas, tecnológicas, políticas e econômicas envolvidas dos problemas infocomunicacionais, se possa definir um território informacional propositivo e voltado para a solução de questões prementes como a urgência da alfabetização midiática e de conscientização para a importância da comunicação online numa perspectiva crítica.
Poder arcóntico y archivería virtual en el campo científico-académico. Una aproximación a prácticas en evolución y perfiles contrahegemónicos
Authors: Céspedes Lucía , Dávila Lisha , Guzmán Víctor Humberto
Published: May 2021

La comunicación científica entre pares no sólo ha ido evolucionando, sino que se ha transformado en un componente propulsor de los cambios de paradigma en cuanto a la práctica e institucionalidad de las ciencias. Movidas por la importancia del registro y la conservación de sus textos, las ciencias se fueron dotando de un orden archivístico propio donde ciertos agentes se tornaron los arcontes del campo y la publicación científica se fue convirtiendo en un mercado cada vez más concentrado. Si bien la revolución digital y las posibilidades inauguradas por las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación fortalecieron estos modelos, se inauguraron al mismo tiempo nuevas prácticas de publicación y archivo que pueden considerarse como contrarias al modelo comercial hegemónico. En este trabajo nos proponemos dar cuenta de la evolución de las prácticas de archivería científica a fin de identificar algunas de las características que suponen el ejercicio de distintas modalidades de poder arcóntico hegemónico en el campo de producción y circulación del conocimiento científico-académico. A partir de allí, reflexionamos acerca de la naturaleza y potencialidades de la archivería virtual, las diversas modalidades de acceso abierto y el surgimiento de prácticas con ciertos rasgos contrahegemónicos, capaces de introducir alteraciones, ruptura de modelos dominantes, desorden, e incluso la posibilidad de un nuevo orden de archivo de acceso al conocimiento y de poder de acción de los arcontes.
Tendências em educação qualidade para políticas públicas relacionadas aos livros e à promoção da leitura
Authors: Camillo Everton Da Silva , Sala Fabiana , Lima Leda Maria Araújo , Jesus Miriam Fernandes de , Costa Sirlaine Galhardo Gomes , Castro Filho Claudio Marcondes de
Published: May 2021

A educação de qualidade é o tema do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável 4 (ODS 4) da Agenda 2030 das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. O ODS 4 visa garantir uma educação de qualidade inclusiva e equitativa e promover oportunidades de aprendizagem ao longo da vida para todos. Acredita-se que o ODS 4 seja capaz de ajudar a moldar mudanças significativas na sociedade que podem dizer respeito a políticas públicas relacionadas aos livros e à promoção da leitura. Assim, o estudo objetivou apresentar tendências em educação de qualidade a serem incorporadas nessas políticas públicas. A metodologia baseia-se nas abordagens de pesquisa exploratória e qualitativa-quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados e analisados por meio da aplicação do método de pesquisa análise de conteúdo, que resultou em tendências reais e potenciais para uma educação de qualidade, divididas em tendências temáticas e práticas. O estudo conclui que as políticas públicas relacionadas aos livros e à promoção da leitura podem ter papéis amplos e complexos na sociedade, ainda mais relacionados à sustentabilidade, igualdade e humanidade.
La comunicación en los planes estratégicos de bibliotecas universitarias españolas
Authors: Herrera-Morillas Jose Luis
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se estudian los planes estratégicos de bibliotecas universitarias españolas, en concreto de 47 bibliotecas de titularidad pública. La parte esencial del estudio se ha centrado en analizar las alusiones a la comunicación para proceder a un análisis comparado entre los diferentes textos y comprobar los aspectos de la gestión de la comunicación organizacional que reflejan. Del conjunto de bibliotecas analizadas, 28 emplean planes estratégicos, de los cuales el 85,7 % abordan aspectos relacionados con la comunicación. La información más precisa y detallada se localiza en las acciones (o estrategias) y en algunos de los objetivos. Se ponen de manifiesto las prioridades que presentan por ejemplo las relacionadas con los planes de difusión y marketing; las mejoras en la comunicación interna del personal bibliotecario; o la comunicación con los usuarios, etc.
Harnessing the Value of Rumen Protected Amino Acids to Enhance Animal Performance – A Review
Authors: Mazinani Mitra , Memili Erdogan , Rude Brian J.
Published: May 2021

In general, higher mammals need nine amino acids (AA) in their diets as building blocks to synthesize proteins while ruminants can produce some of them through the synthesis of microbial proteins. Diet is utilized by ruminal microorganisms to synthesize microbial protein (MCP) which is digested in the small intestine (SI). Although protein and amino acid requirements in ruminants are subject to microbial protein synthesis, it is not enough for optimal daily production. Therefore, there is a current trend towards supplementing amino acids in ruminant diets. In the rumen, free amino acids can be degraded by rumen bacteria, therefore, the AAs need to be supplemented in a protected form to be stable in the rumen and absorbable post-ruminal for metabolic purposes. The main site of amino acid absorption is the small intestine (SI), and there is a need to keep AA from ruminal degradation and direct them to absorption sites. Several approaches have been suggested by feed scientists to decrease this problem such as defaunation and debacterization of the rumen against amino acid-fermenting fungi and bacteria, inhibitors or antagonists of vitamin B6 enzymes, diet composition and also protecting AA from rumen degradation. A number of studies have evaluated the roles of amino acids concerning their effects on milk yield, growth, digestibility, feed intake and efficiency of nitrogen utilization of ruminants. The focus of this review was on experimental and research studies about AAs in feedstuff, metabolism, supplementing amino acids for ruminants and the current trends of using rumen protected amino acids.
Infectious and parasitic diseases of phytophagous insect pests in the context of extreme environmental conditions
Authors: Takov Danail , Pilarska Daniela , Linde Andreas , Barta Marek
Published: May 2021

The density of phytophagous insect pest populations is related (directly and indirectly) to several groups of factors that can be broadly divided into: abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic. Each extreme in the abiotic environment at a macro-level leads to a series of consecutive extremes in the biotic environment, which eventually results in micro-level responses in the individual organisms. The manifestation of factors acts in aggregate or in a sequence, creating a chain of processes around us. Insects very efficiently use the abundance of nutritional resources, resulting in a tremendous increase in their population density, and triggering control mechanisms through the emergence of parasitic and pathogenic infections (viruses, bacteria, fungi, microsporidia, protozoa and nematodes). The development of entomopathogenic infections in host populations is directly dependent on the characteristics of both the antagonist and the insect. It is associated with the lifestyle and life cycle of the insect, with features encoded in the mechanism of pathogen action, and limited by the pathogen’s virulence and pathogenicity.
Evaluation of insect pest occurrence in areas of calamitous mortality of Scots pine
Authors: Liška Jan , Knížek Miloš , Véle Adam
Published: May 2021

Pinus sylvestris is an important production tree. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the mortality of pine trees due to insect pests. It is obvious that some pests profit from climatic changes, increase their aggressiveness and spread to new localities. The study aimed to investigate the spectrum of more abundant insect pest species in pine plantations of Czechia. The occurrence of species and intensity of their infestation were studied at 77 localities situated in six regions. Any abundant foliophagous insect species were noticed. Bark beetles and wood-boring insects were found to be prevalent. Namely, Ips acuminatus, Ips sexdentatus, Phaenops cyanea and Sirex noctilio seem to be the most dangerous. These species are now better competitors than species previously considered as main pests. Their aggressiveness, expansion to new areas and interspecies co-occurrence are alarming. Due to the advancing climate change, pine mortality due to bark beetles and wood-boring pests will probably continue to increase.
Tidally dominated Miocene deltaic deposits and pipe rocks in the Tebessa Basin, eastern Algeria: sedimentological and ichnological characteristics
Authors: Mazrou Samia , Mahboubi Mohamed
Published: May 2021

Analyses of sedimentology, ichnology and depositional environments of Langhian–Tortonian siliciclastic deposits in the southern Tebessa Basin (eastern Algeria) have revealed a tidally dominated deltaic setting with a high concentration of vertical burrows. From south to north, two depositional environments are here distinguished in the Tebessa Basin: a subaerial lower delta plain in the Oum Ali region with the trace fossils Ophiomorpha and Skolithos linearis, and a proximal delta front with numerous Skolithos, situated in the Hjer Essefra area. The occurrence of Skolithos pipe rock in this Miocene subtidal domain is unusual. Pipe rocks have been commonly reported from shallow and well-oxygenated environments, especially from Cambrian strata; their number decreased significantly during the Ordovician, coupled with an increase in biodiversity. Here different deltaic subenvironments and tidal signals that are exceptionally well preserved in outcrops are analysed and interpreted. Different ichnotaxa are briefly described, and the uncommon density and size of Skolithos pipe-rock in these Miocene strata are discussed.
The power of colour in geoheritage studies and marketing: some tentative reflections
Authors: Ruban Dmitry A. , Mikhailenko Anna V. , Yashalova Natalia N.
Published: May 2021

Colour is a common physical property in exposures of unique geological objects, but is only marginally addressed in geoheritage literature. We here present our point of view on how this feature can be treated in geoheritage studies, with the general aim at setting up a broad discussion. Three functions of colour in geoheritage are outlined, namely geological interpretation (e.g., compositional and genetic peculiarities of sedimentary rocks), higher visibility due to colour contrast and aesthetic attractiveness to geotourists. Assessment of colour at geosites is challenging, especially because of uncertain colour nomenclatures. We propose to focus on colour identification, calculation of the number of colours, qualitative evaluation of colour contrast and comparison of colours of a given geological object to its landscape context. Geoheritage colours may have different meanings to geosite visitors, and colour-emotion associations revealed by national and international studies are important to trace these meanings.
Nordic journalists’ conceptual roles and perceived influencesA European and inter-Nordic comparison
Authors: Hovden Jan Fredrik , Väliverronen Jari
Published: May 2021

In this article, we comparatively explore Nordic journalists’ perceived roles and influences on their work using survey data from the Worlds of Journalism project (2012–2016). In a European context, a principal component analysis of 18 Western and Southern European countries (N = 10,254) finds that Nordic journalists generally resemble journalists in other democratic corporatist countries, particularly by their relatively low experience of political and economic influences. Restricting the analysis to the Nordic countries (N = 3,246) finds that Swedish and Danish journalists stand out by their stronger adherence to monitorial roles. By their weaker attachment to political roles and weaker experience of political influences, Icelanders differ from Finns, with Norwegians in an intermediate position. The large intranational variation in both analyses suggests that in addition to media systems and national contexts, the role of different beats and positions within news organisations is crucial for understanding journalists’ perceived roles and felt influences.
Effectiveness of selected alternative methods of airway management by the nursing staff
Authors: Iwanicka Ewelina , Więch Paweł , Sałacińska Izabela , Przybek-Mita Joanna
Published: May 2021

Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of selected methods of alternative airway management by nursing staff.

Material and methods. A prospective, pilot observational study was conducted on a group of 51 nurses undergoing specialization training or with specialty. Each nurse managed the airway with a laryngeal mask (LMA-Laryngeal Mask) and a laryngeal tube (LT-D-Laryngeal Tube) on a BT-CSIE trainer, and then carried out one minute ventilation using a bag valve mask, according to possessed knowledge and skills. The obtained parameters (time, pressure on the incisors, head tilt, ventilation quality) were recorded using a dedicated tablet. Statistical analysis was performed using the IBMSPSS Statistics 20 package.

Results. No statistically significant differences were observed between the trials to open the airway using LMA and LT-D. Higher efficiency of LMA airway opening was demonstrated in the first trial and the average tidal volume during ventilation in relation to LT-D (LMA 547.84ml vs. LT-D 522.63ml). In addition, there was a significant difference in pressure on the incisors (LMA 6.82N vs. LT-D 4.12N).

Conclusions. The effectiveness of LMA and LT-D insertion was assessed at a high level, with no significant differences between them. Variables: age, seniority, education level and type of specialization did not significantly differentiate the results obtained.
Consumption of Art in Times of Crisis
Authors: Ghiţulescu Mariana
Published: May 2021

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic, the arts and culture sector has faced a paradoxical situation. While demand for cultural and creative content has intensified over the lockdown period and digital access has become more critical than ever, economic indicators predict that the cultural sector will be one of the most affected and probably one of those that will recover slowly. Beyond short-term initiatives, such as surveys or data collection, aimed at providing artists and intermediaries with financial and logistical support, both academics and practitioners need to engage in a common mindset on the future of art consumption, especially from a consumer perspective. This article addresses the main challenges facing the arts and culture economy in times of global health crisis, identifying the specifics of cultural goods and services. Specifically, the paper shows the extent to which traditional consumption patterns have been affected and what research is needed to develop sustainable solutions. We argue that consumers will be critical actors in the recovery process, and in this respect four research directions are suggested: the collection of data on consumer cultural practices; consumers and digital cultural experience; consumer involvement and fidelity in art and culture; consumer welfare.
The impact of digitalization and integration processes on the cost accounting in sausage manufacture
Authors: MALINOVSKAYA Natal'ya V.
Published: May 2021

Subject. This article explores the impact of integration factors, modern management concepts, as well as digitalization on the most important elements of accounting and calculation tools in sausage production.
Objectives. The article aims to identify current factors affecting the organization of cost accounting and choice of methods for calculating the production expenses at meat processing enterprises for sausage production.
Methods. The study relies upon analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and abstraction.
Results. The article identifies new factors that affect the organization of cost accounting and choice of methods for calculating the production expenses in sausage production in modern conditions. Integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union and digitalization are the new most significant factors that change both the production process and accounting practices.
Conclusions. The rise of digitalization in all areas of activity of meat processing enterprises, development of the regulatory framework within the Eurasian economic integration have become significant factors that have a material impact on the most important elements of accounting and calculation tools in sausage production. These factors along with industry characteristics should be taken into account when organizing cost accounting and choosing methods for calculating the production expenses in sausage production. The results obtained can help further develop theoretical aspects of cost accounting and calculation in sausage production.