bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATION PARKS: FINANCIAL AND DIGITAL ASPECTS
Authors: KRYSOVATYY Ihor
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The development of innovation parks is a key factor in stimulating innovation and economic growth. The financial aspect plays an important role in this process, as it provides funding for research, development and commercialization of new ideas and technologies. In particular, digital technologies make it possible to optimize resource management, provide access to financing through online platforms, and facilitate cooperation between different participants in the innovation ecosystem.

Digital aspects also include the use of information technology to create innovative environments, virtual platforms for collaboration and knowledge sharing, as well as the application of artificial intelligence and data analysis for forecasting and risk management. The development of digital tools can improve the efficiency and competitiveness of innovation parks, contributing to their sustainable development and attracting new participants and investors.

The purpose of the article is to consider the features of the development of innovation parks from the point of view of sources of financing and implementation of their activities under the influence of digital technologies.

Results. In the presented work, the concept of "innovation park" is clarified, the main components of the process of formation of an innovation park are defined. The main features of the financial and digital aspects of the development of innovation parks are also determined. A methodical approach to the development of the innovation park is proposed, taking into account financial and digital aspects.

Conclusions. The development of innovation parks in modern conditions requires an integrated approach, in which financial and digital aspects play a key role. Financing innovative initiatives, research and development of new technologies is an important element of the successful functioning of innovation parks. Ensuring stable and accessible financing promotes the development of an innovation environment and attracts new technology startups and companies.

At the same time, digital technologies open up new opportunities for optimizing management, collaboration and communication in innovation parks. The introduction of digital tools makes it possible to increase the efficiency of processes, ensure access to information and resources, and also stimulates innovative initiatives. Thus, the successful development of innovation parks depends on a competent combination of financial and digital strategies, which will contribute to the creation of a favorable environment for innovative entrepreneurship and ensure the sustainable development of the innovation ecosystem.
Digitalization and Decarbonization of Sri Lanka's Electric Power System: A Way Forward for Sustainability
Authors:   Department Electrical, Ceylon Electricity Board, Nisala Pedesa, Colombo, (Western Sri Lanka), South Asia., Edirimuni Eng. Chamil
Published: September 2024

The global energy landscape is undergoing a transformative shift driven by the dual imperatives of digitalization and decarbonization, essential for creating sustainable and resilient power systems (Lichtenthaler, 2021, [1]). This transformation is particularly critical for developing nations like Sri Lanka, where the integration of smart technologies and renewable energy sources can significantly enhance system efficiency and contribute to a robust response to climate change challenges (Lichtenthaler, 2021, [1]). This paper examines the potential of leveraging advanced digital technologies—such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and the Internet of Things—to optimize energy management and facilitate a swift transition toward a low-emission economy in Sri Lanka, while addressing the socio-economic implications of this transition. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of fostering a circular economy through these technological advancements, emphasizing that innovative solutions can not only improve energy efficiency but also contribute to broader sustainability goals, ensuring equitable access to resources and combating the adverse effects of climate change. Through this lens, the investigation underscores the necessity of a holistic approach that integrates digital transformation with sustainable practices, enabling the decoupling of economic activity from resource depletion and environmental degradation, thereby fostering a resilient energy future for Sri Lanka.
A Comparison of Conventional Blocks and Stabilized Earth Blocks as Building Materials in Uganda
Authors: Nnadi Ezekiel Ejiofor , Boniface Nancy , Eze Val Hyginus Udoka
Published: September 2024

In Uganda, the high cost of conventional cement and sand blocks has driven the widespread adoption of alternative building materials, such as wattle bricks, compressed earth blocks, and burnt bricks. Among these, compressed earth blocks have gained popularity due to their eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and biodegradable nature. Made by compressing damp soil at high pressure, these blocks offer an environmentally sustainable solution by minimizing deforestation and eliminating the need for firewood, which is often used in the production of traditional bricks. This study employed a case study methodology and utilized deliberate sampling to gather data, which was then analyzed using SPSS v20. The findings revealed that Stabilized Earth Materials (SEMs) have a stronger positive correlation with user satisfaction compared to conventional blocks, with a satisfaction rating of 0.651 for SEMs versus 0.602 for conventional blocks. Additionally, the study showed that SEMs had a notable impact on reducing construction costs, with a 4.8% cost difference in favor of SEMs. Based on these results, it is recommended that construction managers should consider increasing the use of stabilized earth materials. This shift could not only lead to significant cost reductions but also improve the overall quality of construction, making it a more sustainable and viable option for Uganda’s building industry.
ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN UNTUK MENILAI KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN KESEHATAN FINANSIAL PADA PT DHARMA SAMUDERA FISHING INDUSTRIES TBK TAHUN 2018-2022
Authors: Siti Fadila  , Valensia Engel  , Zulifah  , Fadia Breska  , Muhammad Randy Gibran
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini menganalisis kinerja keuangan PT Dharma Samudera Fishing Industries Tbk dalam periode 2018-2022 yang berfokus pada rasio keuangan perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Temuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan yang cukup signifikan dalam profitabilitas yang dihasilkan perusahaan pada tahun 2022. Solvabilitas Perusahaan terus meningkat seiring dengan penurunan Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). Selain itu jika dilihat dari rasio likuiditasnya, Perusahaan telah menunjukan kinerja keuangan yang baik. Rasio aktivitas Total Asset Turn Over (TATO) perusahaan juga menggambarkan keandalan perusahaan dalam mengelola dan memanfaatkan aset yang dimilikinya. Meski demikian, sektor perikanan yang menjadi fokus perusahaan dihadapkan pada sejumlah tantangan seperti fluktuasi harga ikan, peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat, dan persaingan yang semakin meningkat. Secara keseluruhan, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PT Dharma Samudera Fishing Industries Tbk telah memiliki kinerja keuangan yang baik, meskipun beberapa aspek ekonomi perusahaan menunjukkan masih diperlukan adanya perbaikan berkelanjutan.
Kata Kunci: Kinerja keuangan, rasio keuangan, profitabilitas, likuiditas, solvabilitas.
Toxicity Studies of Methanol Leaf Extract of Momordica Cissiodes in Wistar Rats
Authors: Uzoma Chrisantus Chimazuru , Madubuike Kelechi Gideon
Published: September 2024

This investigative study is to determine the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of methanol leaf extract of Momordica cissiodes (MLEMC) on haematology, serum biochemistry parameters, organ relative weight and histomorphology of major organs of female Wistar rats. The up- and- down method by Risipin was used for the acute toxicity testing while, in the sub-acute study, 24 female rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups; A-D with 6 rats each, and were orally administered with 100, 200, 400 mg/kg doses of MLEMC and distilled water respectively, for a period of twenty-eight (28) days. Blood sample and selected organs were collected for blood and histological evaluations respectively, using standard procedures. The result showed MLEMC had an LD ≥ 5000 mg/kg body 50 weight, and no deleterious effect on all the haematology parameters. The total protein, albumin and globulin results revealed that the sub-acute administration of MLEMC was safe at the doses studied. Also the MLEMC decreased the liver and kidney enzymes and also inhibited the activities or synthesis of TC, TG and VLDL-C, while enhancing HDL-C. The MLEMC significantly decreased the body weights of the Wistar rats at 400 mg/kg dose. Furthermore, the extract did not cause any significant enlargement, atrophy or damage to the major organs evaluated, both grossly and microscopically, as shown by the histology photomicrographs of the major organs studied. Therefore, it can be concluded that MLEMC, within the limit of this study, has no toxicological effects on all the parameters evaluated. However, extensive (chronic) toxicological studies are hereby recommended.
Molecular Detection of Colpodella sp. Using Cryptosporidium Primers in Faecal Samples of Small Ruminants in FCT and Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwu V. Elochukwu , Nnabuife Henry E. , Mkpuma Nicodemus , Ndudim I. Ogo , Obeta S. Sylvanus , Jegede O. Cornelius , Joshua Kamani , Opara N. Maxwell
Published: September 2024

Cryptosporidium is a major waterborne pathogen causing diarrhea. Genetic analysis helps identify Cryptosporidium species. While PCR is used for this, it can also amplify Colpodella, another apicomplexan which may be of pathogenic and public health importance. An initial 74 fresh faecal samples that were originally positive for Cryptosporidium by microscopy from sheep (152) and goats (224) in FCT and Plateau state, Nigeria were used. DNA was extracted from these 74 samples and analysed using a two-step PCR process molecular technique targeting 18s rRNA gene. The amplified DNA was sequenced in both directions and compared it to known sequences in a database. Twenty (14 sheep and 6 goats) of the 74 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium on gel electrophoresis. Further molecular analysis using genetic analysis revealed that 6 out of 20 were positive for Colpodella, which were then sequenced and deposited in the GenBank. This unexpected finding was in 4 sheep and 2 goats that presented with diarrhea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that molecular identification of Colpodella is reported in Nigeria. However, phylogenetic analysis of this Nigerian Isolate was closely related to those from China, Cyprus and Mozambique from the GenBank. Further research is needed to understand the role of Colpodella in animal and human health
Evaluation of Probiotics (Saccharomyces Boulardii and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) on Reproductive Performance and Testicular Morphometry of Rabbit.
Authors: Sanusi Ahmed , Alemede Iyabode Comfort , Yisa Adama John , Usman Abdulkadir
Published: September 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) supplementation on reproductive performance and testicular morphometry of rabbit. A total of 45 rabbit (30 females & 15 males) were divided into 5 treatments groups (T , T T T and T ) with each treatments 1 2, 3, 4 5 having 3 replicates and 3 rabbits per replicates. T (control) had no probiotics at all, while Saccharomyces 1 boulardii was administered orally on the rabbit weekly at 80 x 106 cfu/ml, 60 x 106 cfu/ml, 40 x 106 cfu/ml, and 20 x 106 cfu/ml forT , T , T , and T respectively using a serial dilution method to determine the dose. The 2 3 4 5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae was added to the feed at 0.2g/kg (2 x 108 cfu/ml), 0.4g/kg (4 x108 cfu/ml), 0.6g/kg (6 x 108 cfu/ml), and 0.8g/kg (8 x 108 cfu/ml), of feed for T , T , T and T treatment groups respectively. Natural 2 3 4 5 mating was performed. The result revealed that the reproductive traits (doe traits and birth and weaningb traits) were not significantly (P>0.05) different between the treatment groups. The findings from testicular morphometry also indicated that there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. This research confirms that the use of probiotics (Saccharomyces boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) may not negatively impact the reproductive capabilities of rabbits, and it may be safe to administer these probiotics to rabbits.
Histopathological Effects of Vitamin C and Common Salt Addition to Fish Water During Starvation in African Catfish, Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Abalaka Samson Eneojo , Aderogba Motunrayo Ojuolape , Sani Nuhu Abdulazeez , Idoko Idoko Sunday , Tenuche Oremeyi Zaynab , Ejeh Sunday Augustine
Published: September 2024

The natural or management induced food deprivation in fish could be beneficial or detrimental to the exposed fish. However, vitamin C and common salt are exploitable antioxidant and antistress in aquaculture. The present study evaluated the effects of either vitamin C or common salt on starvation-induced histopathological changes in the exposed fish. Group I were the negative control fish (fed and untreated), Group II were the positive control fish (starved without vitamin C and common salt in their fish water for 21 days), and Groups III and IV were treated fish (starved with vitamin C and common salt in their fish water for 21 days) after acclimatizing them for 14 days. Starvation induced several histopathological changes in the gills, liver, kidneys, and skin of the exposed fish. However, the addition of vitamin C and common salt (at 100 mg/L each) to fish water during starvation significantly (p<0.05) reduced the observed gills and skin histopathological changes with vitamin C having more effects than common salt. The degree of tissue changes (DTC) values in all the evaluated tissues were all below ten indicating no major effects based on the DTC protocol. Therefore, the addition of either vitamin C or common salt to water during starvation presented variable results in the exposed C. gariepinus, to necessitate further investigations into their administration over a much longer period, including possible administration via the feed during the period.
Effects of Oral Administration of Petroselinum Crispum (Parsley) on Serum Estrogen Concentration and Ovarian Histology of Female Albino Rats
Authors: Enefe N.G , Iyiola E , Ejeh S.A , Adeyemo B.T
Published: September 2024

Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) is a green leafy vegetable and an aromatic herb employed in traditional medicine for the treatment of different diseases, such as hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiac disease, urinary disease, dysmenorrhea, and amenorrhea. This study was designed to investigate the effect of oral administration of the ethanol leaf-extract of P. crispum on the estrogen hormone concentration and the histology of the ovaries of female albino rats. Fresh parsley leaves were collected and prepared. Extraction was carried out by the use of Soxhlet extraction technique. Twenty (20) female albino rats with average body weight (117-228 g) were divided into four groups each comprising five animals. The ethanol leaf extract was administered orally for 14 days in varying doses of 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) to rats in Group B, C and D, respectively, while rats in Group A, were administered l ml of distilled water as control. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of tannins, phenols, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, volatile oils, and alkaloids while cardiac glycosides was absent. Result from the hormonal analysis showed that there was significant increase in the estrogen hormone concentration at P <0.05 in the lowest dose of 500 mg/kg bw (2.415+0.045 *10-3 μ mol/ml) when compared with the control Group A (2.208 + 0.03*10-3 μ mol/ml). Histopathological evaluation of the ovary revealed atrophy of the ovarian tissue and poor follicular development was observed at the highest dose of the plant extract (2000 mg/kg bw) only. Conclusively, it was observed that the plant has a toxic effect at the highest dose of 2000 mg/kg bw. Therefore, its use in enhancing reproduction in female animals should be done with caution.
Surgical Excision of Nodules Due to Ulcerative Lymphangitis In A Five-year-old West African Barb (Arewa) Stallion- A Case Report
Authors: Hassan A. Y. , Gana I. S. , Garba U. M , Vaachi J. A
Published: September 2024

Ulcerative Lymphangitis is an infectious chronic disease of horses caused principally by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis affecting the lymphatic vessels. A five years old West African Barb (Arewa) breed stallion was presented with ruptured nodular lesions on the skin of both right and left hemithorax. Culture and sensitivity revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus which was highly sensitive to penicillin and fluoroquinolone. The affected lymphatic nodules (matured and immature) together with the connecting tracts were excised using elliptical skin incisions made on the nodules and tracts. Large surgical openings were individually reduced by applying simple interrupted sutures with Nylon size 1 leaving drain for discharges on the dependent ends of the surgical openings. Surgical wounds were cleaned with dilute Chlorhexidine in first week and subsequently with Eusol® A and B mixture. Wound was dressed with Oxytetracycline wound spray (Oxytetra®, Hebei Lihua Pharmaceuticals. Co, China) until healed. Two courses of Penicillinstreptomycin (Penstrep®, Kepro B.V., Holland) 10mg/kg IM 1/52, Vitamin C 50mg/kg IV 5/7 and Tetanus toxoid 2.5mls IM stat. Severe swelling and pain around limbs were controlled with Diclofenac 2.5mg/Kg IM 2/7. Surgical excision of nodules, Penicillin-streptomycin at four days interval and Vitamin C administration aided quick recovery from the Ulcerative Lymphangitis.
Anatomy and Physiology of Reproductive System of Bovine Species: A Review
Authors: Imam J , Barnabas M. K , Amshi A. K , Julius S , Abdullahi S. A , Ali M. N
Published: September 2024

The primary organ of reproduction in the bull are the testicles. Other secondary sex organs include three accessory sex glands comprising the seminal vesicles, prostrate and bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland) and the reproductive male tracts. The reproductive tracts are the epididymis, the vas deferens and the penile urethra. In the male, the organs that are involved in spermatozoa production, transport and coitus are: testicles, epididymis, vas deferens or ductus deferens, prostate gland, seminal vesicles and penis. All reproductive organs work in concert for formation, maturation and transport of spermatozoa, which are eventually deposited in the female reproductive tract This paper reviewed the anatomy and physiology of bovine reproductive system from literature published in peer reviewed journals.
Assessment of Pulmonary Lesions in Slaughtered One Humped Camels (Camelus Dromedarius) in Maiduguri Main Abattoir, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: Gambo H.I. , Abdulsalam H. , Umar M.S. , Mohzo D.L. , Yoksa D.T.
Published: September 2024

This study was designed to assess the types and frequency of gross and microscopic pulmonary lesions in camels slaughtered in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 400 slaughtered camels (139 males and 261 females) were grossly examined for pulmonary lesions. Tissue samples were taken from the affected lungs and processed for histopathological evaluation. The study showed that 111 (27.8%) lungs had one or more lesions. The most frequently recorded lesions were congestion (n= 45, 11.3%), emphysema (n = 26, 6.5%), atelectasis (n = 11, 2.8%) and nodules (7, 1.8%). Lungs from male camels had a 48 (34.5%) percentage frequency of lesions distributed as congestion in 14(10.1%), emphysema in 8 (5.8%), pneumonia in 5 (3.6%), fibrosis in 3 (2.2%), nodules in 7 (5.1%), hemorrhage in 2 (1.4%), hematoma in 2 (1.4%), atelectasis in 6 (4.3%), and abscess in 1 (0.7%); while the female camels had 63 (24.1%) percentage frequency of pulmonary lesions distributed as congestion in 31 (11.9%), emphysema in 18 (6.9%), pneumonia in 4 (1.5%), nodules in 3 (1.2%), hemorrhage in 1 (0.4%), hematoma in 1 (0.4%) and atelectasis in 5 (1.9%), respectively. Microscopically, lesions observed were severe interstitial oedema, heavy infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interalveolar septa with collapse of the alveolar, and granulomas. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the occurrence of pulmonary lesions in slaughtered camels was 28.1% in the study area. This could cause considerable economic losses to the animal husbandry industry. Therefore, the design of effective prevention and treatment programs against conditions that affects the lungs is very important. Furthermore, this survey provides baseline data for future monitoring of lesions affecting camel lungs in Maiduguri and other parts of the country (Nigeria).
Gastrointestinal Helminths of Sahelian Breed of Goats in House-holds and Maiduguri Cattle Market, Nigeria
Authors: Mairiga I. A. , Abdulrahma H. I. , Umar Y. A.
Published: September 2024

Gastrointestinal nematodes are important problems and constraints to the livestock industry in Nigeria. The study assessed the possible prevalence of Ostertagia ostertagi species infection in Sahelian breeds of goats in Maiduguri and environs commonly occurring as mixed infections with other gastrointestinal nematodes. It also investigated the common age and sex groups most susceptible to infection in goats in the study area. Out of the 150 faecal samples examined from Sahelian breed of goats, 64 were from male and 86 from female goats; and 40 were from young while 110 were from adult goats. A total of 99 of the faeces were from the house-holds comprising of 35 from Shettimari and 64 from Mairi ward and 51 from Maiduguri cattle market. Goats from households were mostly asymptomatic but from cattle market was a mixture of apparently healthy and asymptomatic and others showing clinical signs including diarrhoae, nasal discharges and cachectia. Of the one hundred and fifty faeces examined, 102 cases of Ostertagia ostertagi infections were recorded accounting for 68.o% prevalence. The prevalence in the male and female was 70.31% and 66.28% respectively. Similarly the prevalence was 70% and 67.27 % respectively in the young and in the adult goats. Chi-square test using SPSS statistics test16.0 analyzing the data tested for significance at probability levels of P< 0.05, revealed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence of Ostertagia ostertagia species infection between sex and age distribution. It was concluded that the prevalence of infection was more in male than female and it was higher in young than adults. Strategic anthelmintic medication was advocated for use annually. Free-living, pre-parasitic stage of biological control will help in breaking the parasite life cycle.
Comparative Performance of Four Rapid Diagnostic Tests Kits, Microscopy and PCR in Asymptomat-ic Malaria Detection among Children from Ilishan-Remo Community, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Okangba Chika C. , Funwei Roland I. , Hammed Wasiu A. , Oluwaseun Oluwole T. , Okunbor Hillary N. , Nwadike Vic-tor U. , Babatunde Tayo , Akeredolu Abolanle A. , Opabola Ebunoluwa T. , Okangba Gift U. , Solanke Olanrewaju A. , Imonihe Otaigbe I. , Osatohanmwen Aigbede , Akinsanya Christine O. , Egejuru Nnaemeka. G. , Evwierhoma Zadok E. , Ohemu Debora E. , Oyeyemi Elizabeth O. , Oyewolu Oluwademilade , Ikechukwu Ellen O. , Adeyemo Olu-watosin F. , Omeonu Chidebere A. , Okorie Alexandria A. , Okangba Chidebere. G. , Elikwu Charles J.
Published: September 2024

Background: Active malaria parasite detection is essential for effective malaria control and elimination in endemic settings. Asymptomatic malaria is often not detected and serves as a parasite reservoir for continuous malaria transmission. This study evaluated the comparative performance of four RDT kit brands, microscopy, and PCR to detect asymptomatic infection among children from the Ilishan-Remo community in Ogun state, southwest Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional study design was carried out to actively detect asymptomatic parasitaemia in children aged 3 months to 10 years during the dry season (November and December, 2022). Finger prick blood samples were collected for rapid diagnostic tests using SD-BiolineTM, Micro-pointTM, CarestartTM, and First-ResponseTM. Thick blood smears were prepared for microscopy, and dried blood spots for PCR analysis. The performance of the diagnostic methods was compared.
Results: Of the 163 samples analysed, parasite positive rate as detected by PCR was 34 (20.9%), microscopy 38 (23.3%), SD-BiolineTM 19 (11.7%), Micro-pointTM 20 (12.3%), CareStartTM 25 (15.3%), and First-ResponseTM 23 (14.1%) respectively. The Sensitivity was 45.5%, 50.0%, 56.2%, 51.5%, and 70.0% for SD-BiolineTM, Micro-pointTM, CareStartTM, First-ResponseTM, and microscopy (p = 0.000), while specificity was 96.9%, 97.7%, 94.4%, 95.2% and 91.9% (p = 0.116) respectively. There was a significant statistical difference in the PPV (p = 0.037), while the NPV, accuracy, and kappa (k) were statistically not significant.
Conclusion: Microscopy has shown a higher sensitivity and positive predictive value than rapid RDTs in detecting asympto-matic parasitaemia compared with PCR. This underscores the need for developing ultra-sensitive, cost-effective, and point-of-care diagnostic tools. Such tools could significantly enhance the control and elimination of malaria by actively detecting asymptomatic infection and reducing the parasite reservoir and malaria burden in Nigeria.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Use of Female Condoms among Female Health Care Workers in Uniosun Teaching Hospital, Osogbo Osun State
Authors: Bola-Oyebamiji Sekinah B. , Salahudeen Halimat O. , Afolabi Adegboyega S. , Fasanu Adeniyi O. , Olarewaju Sunday O. , Adekanle Daniel A.
Published: September 2024

Background: Female Condom is a form of contraceptives and is an acceptable alternative barrier method to the male condom, providing women and girls with greater control in safeguarding themselves against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and use of Female Condoms (FC) as a form of contraception among female healthcare workers in UTH, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria.
Methods: This quantitative cross-sectional study involved using a pretested self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and utilization of female condoms among 308 female healthcare workers in UTH, Osogbo. Analysis was done using SPSS Version 26.0
Results: The mean age of the studied population was 27.91 years. 96.1% were aware of female condoms. However, only 70.8% were familiar with their use. Most of the participants had a positive attitude toward FC. Age, religion, and occupation were found to have statistically significant associations with knowledge of FC (p values = 0.001, 0.043, 0.001, respectively). 82.7% of respondents strongly agreed that FC is efficacious in preventing pregnancy. However, only 39 (12.6%) use female condoms as contraception.
Availability was the most typical reason for non-usage of FC (43.5%).
Conclusion: The studied population is quite aware of FC. However, uptake is limited. Targeted interventions such as training, partner involvement, and improved access may promote the use of FC.
Persistent Administration of Datura stramonium L. Water-Based Extract Triggers Spatial Memory- Like Deficit in Rats by Disrupting Cholinergic and Oxidative Mechanisms: Exploring The Role of Donepezil Intervention
Authors: Falade Joshua , Onaolapo Olakunle J. , Onaolapo Adejoke Y. , Ojo Foluso O. , Omeiza Noah A.
Published: September 2024

Background: Datura stramonium (DS) is a potent plant with psychoactive and anticholinergic properties used to treat human ailments. However, its toxicity or insult can cause cognitive impairments. The present study aimed to determine whether donepezil could mitigate this deficit and elucidate the potential mechanisms involved in male Wistar rats
Methods: Rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 5/group). While group 1 received distilled water (10 mL/kg), groups 2–4 received graded doses of DS (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), and groups 5–7 were coadministered with donepezil and graded doses of DS. The treatments were given orally and lasted 28 days. Afterward, behavioral testing in the Y maze paradigm and biochemical assays in plasma were performed. Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for the phytochemical characterization of DS.
Results: GC-MS analysis revealed 33 phytochemical compounds in DS, including scopolamine, atropine, and 3,6-epoxytropane tropane alkaloids. DS insult reduced spatial memory performance compared to the control group (p<0.05). But donepezil administration mitigated the effect of the DS insult. Donepezil elevated the cholinergic system affected by DS by boosting acetylcholine levels (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Donepezil possibly protects rats from DS-induced spatial memory impairment, possibly through its ability to up-regulate the cholinergic system and decrease oxidative processes.
Morphological and Molecular identification of Anopheles Mosquitoes in six selected LocalGovernments in Ekiti State, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Adejayan Adejumoke A. , Ajayi Akintunde A. , Okoh Hilary I. , Oyedeji Segun I.
Published: September 2024

Background: Malaria poses a significant public health challenge in Nigeria. The identification of Anopheles mosquitoes involves both morphological and molecular approaches. Morphological identification relies on physical characteristics such as body shape and wing patterns, while molecular characterization uses genetic markers to differentiate species and understand their genetic diversity. These methods play crucial roles in studying Anopheles mosquitoes, which are vectors for diseases like malaria, aiding in their surveillance, control, and research efforts. This study aimed to identify Anopheles mosquito species in six selected local governments of Ekiti State, South West, Nigeria,, using both morphological and molecular methods.
Methods: Mosquito larvae were collected between April 2022 and July 2023 from eighteen locations in Ado, Oye, Ise-Orun, Ido-Osi, Efon and Ikere local governments respectively. We employed standard dipper sampling techniques to collect mosquito larvae from all types of larval habitats, including both manmade and natural sources, at each study location throughout the mosquito breeding season. The collected larvae were reared to the adult stage. The adult mosquitoes were then identified morphologically using morphological keys, and their species were confirmed through Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction for molecular characterisation. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS version 27.0, with a p-value set at 95%.
Results: The study identified Anopheles gambiae (80.5%) and Anopheles funestus (19.5%) as the major malaria vectors. Two sibling species of Anopheles gambiae s.l were identified by PCR: Anopheles gambiae s.s (75.4%) and Anopheles arabiensis (18.8%), Anopheles coluzzii (M form) (55.3%) and Savannah (S-form) (44.7%).
Conclusion: Integrating molecular techniques with morphological analysis can provide valuable insights into the species composition, population dynamics, and biological characteristics of malaria vectors.
The Role of the Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter Gene in Malaria Drug Resistance and its implication on malaria control in Africa
Authors: Ige Atinuke A. , Adedokun Taiwo T. , Otutu Olawumi , Olorunfemi Adedolapo B. , Ayoola Adeola O. , Ojurongbe Olusola
Published: September 2024

Background: Malaria remains a pressing public health issue in Africa, with Plasmodium falciparum being the primary cause of severe cases. The emergence of drug-resistant strains, particularly those associated with Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) gene mutations has significantly hampered malaria control efforts.
Methods: This review delves into the public health implications of pfcrt gene mutations, focusing on their role in chloroquine resistance and the broader impacts on malaria treatment and control in Africa.
Results: Key mutations in the Pfcrt gene, notably the K76T mutation, have compromised the efficacy of chloroquine, a drug that was once fundamental to antimalarial treatment. These mutations significantly reduce the drug’s accumulation within the parasite’s digestive vacuole, leading to treatment failures and an increased disease burden. Moreover, the K76T mutation and other polymorphisms play a crucial role in cross-resistance against other antimalarial drugs, adding a layer of complexity to treatment strategies.
Conclusion: Addressing the public health challenges associated with pfcrt mutations requires a multifaceted approach, including enhanced surveillance, innovative drug development, and effective community education. However, the persistence of Pfcrt mutations poses a significant threat to malaria control and eradication efforts, necessitating the development of new therapeutic approaches and the enhancement of existing strategies. Continued research and investment in these areas are crucial for overcoming resistance challenges and achieving sustained success in malaria control and eradication in Africa.
Knowledge and Perception about Premarital Sickle Cell Genotype Screening among Undergraduates of Osun State University, Osun State
Authors: Afolabi Adegboyega S. , Adekanle Daniel A. , Fasanu Adeniyi O. , Bola-Oyebamiji Sekinah B. , Adetunji Elizabeth O. , Afolabi Zainab B. , Olaoye Oyebola M. , Olagunju Funso A. , Folami Emmanuel O. , Afolabi Opeyemi O. , Folami Roseline O. , Akinbola Abraham I.
Published: September 2024

Background: Understanding premarital sickle cell genotype screening is crucial for public health, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of sickle cell disease. This study investigates the level of knowledge and perceptions of premarital sickle cell genotype screening among undergraduates at Osun State University, Osun State, to identify gaps and inform educational strategies for better disease management and prevention.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design and a multi-stage sampling technique were employed. Data was collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.84. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0 and presented in tables and charts. The hypotheses were tested using chi-square at a 0.05 level of significance.
Results: A higher number of the respondents were between the ages 20-24 years with a mean age of 21.25 (SD 2.285) years; the singles were about (98%) while married respondents were 2%, most of which were female (62.7%) and 37.3%, male. Most respondents (97.1%) had good knowledge about premarital sickle cell genotype screening, while 96.2% had a positive perception of premarital genotype screening. There is a significant association between knowledge and perception of premarital sickle cell genotype screening (p<0.0001)
Conclusion: There is a high level of knowledge about sickle cell disease and the importance of genotype testing. Most respondents showed a positive perception of premarital sickle cell genotype screening.
Conjoined Twins’ Separation in West Africa: Experiences from Five Countries
Authors: Ki Bertille Kelan , Donamou Joseph , Guibla Ismael , Bandiare Murtala Ali , Sabo Ramatou , Niandou Mahamadou , Traore Mamadou Mour , Ilboudo Charles , Kabré Yvette , Tondé Pélagie , Traoré Alain Ibrahim , Zoumenou Eugene
Published: September 2024

Background: Conjoined twins (CTs) are rare and Anesthesia may be required for diagnostic imaging, invasive procedures and/or separation. This article described the anesthetics for CTs’ separation performed locally in West Africa from 2016 to 2022. Anesthetic management for the separation of conjoined twins performed from 2016 to 2022 in five West Africa countries, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Niger and Senegal, are reported on. Methods: Anesthetic management for the separation of conjoined twins performed from 2016 to 2022 in five West Africa countries, Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Niger and Senegal, are reported on. The data collection was done retrospectively. Each country was sent their data to Burkina Faso for study. The parental consents were obtained for surgery and publication. Results: During the period, nine conjoined were reported. The cases were: 5 omphalopagus, 2 pygopagus, 1 xipho-omphalopagus and 1 thoraco-omphalopagus. Inhalation anesthesia or propofol combined with IV opioids were used. Monitoring relied heavily on pulse-oximetry. Manual ventilation was used in five separations. Separations were achieved in 1.5-4 hours. The death of a twin triggered surgery in one pair and three other babies died after the surgery. The fourteen remaining babies developed well. Peri-operative difficulties revealed widespread difficulties in Africa. Conclusion: CT separation surgery still constitutes an extraordinary challenge in low and middle income countries, but well-trained anesthesiologists, a multidisciplinary approach and international contacts can lead to safe performance of complex neonatal surgeries.
Causes, Effects & Management of Post Dural Puncture Headache among Obstetric Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital: An Observational Study
Authors: Haque Dr. Md. Mamunul , Ishaque Dr. Bruno , Murad Dr. S M Kamrul Hasan , Siddiqua Dr. Ashifa Ashrafi
Published: September 2024

Background: Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a complication of dura mater puncture. In order to reduce the burden and related morbidity, postpartum women who suffer from PDPH must be identified and treated as soon as possible utilizing highly effective, noninvasive approaches that are simple to apply in settings with limited resources. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the causes, effects & management of post dural puncture headache among obstetric patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the department of Surgery, North Bengal Medical College Hospital, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh, from October 2022 to September 2023. A total of 300 patients were included in the study. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, most of the 104 (34.7%) patients were within the age group of 31 - 35 years. The mean±SD age of the patients was 32.6±1.3 years. BMI of most of the patients 137 (45.7%) were in the normal range (18.5 to <24.9), 103 (34.3%) had overweight (25-29.9), 37 (12.3%) were obese (≥30.0) and 23 (7.7%) had underweight (<18.5). Most of the patients 133 (44.3%) were multipara, among 300 patients 214 (71.3%) patients gestational age was >37 weeks and 86 (28.7%) patients gestational age was<37 weeks. About 49 (16.3%) had preexisting/ pregnancy-related medical conditions and emergency surgery was done in 217 (72.3%) patients. The majority of the participants 251 (83.7%) had only one attempt at the puncture, and all 300 (100.0%) were in a sitting position during the procedure, and a 25G-sized spinal needle was used in 296 (98.7%) of the patients. Most participants reported cerebrospinal fluid loss as minimal. Majority of the 231 (77.0%) patients had previous history of PDPH. All 300 (100.0%) ..
The Effectiveness of Online Dental Health Education to Changes Mother's Behavior on Preventing Dental Caries in Preschool Age Children
Authors: Mahastuti Shri Ayu Purnami , Roga Anderias Umbu , Ratu Jacob Matheos , Sanam Maxs U. E. , Ruliati Luh Putu
Published: September 2024

Background and purpose: Dental health education for mothers is very important in maintaining the dental health of preschool children. During the Covid-19 pandemic, there were limitations in the direct education process, so it is very important to conduct online dental health education. Purpose: This study purpose to compare the effectiveness of dental health education with audiovisual media, modules, and posters given online through Whatsapp media in improving the behavior (knowledge, attitudes and actions) of mothers in preventing dental caries in preschool children. Methods: Research subjects were determined by consecutive sampling according to those who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total 73 subject of this study divided into three group intervention, 21 subjects in poster group, 23 subjects in modules group and 29 subjects in audiovisual group. The intervention was carried out by providing posters, modules, and videos of children's dental health education through online discussions in the Whatsapp group. Questionnaires were given before the intervention (pre-test), two weeks (post-test 1) and four weeks after the intervention (post-test 2). Results: Online dental health education with posters, modules and audiovisuals is effective in improving mother’s behavior in preventing dental caries in preschool children. Audiovisual and module method are more effective than poster to improve mother’s behavior in preventing dental caries in preschool children (p<0,001). Conclusion: Dental health education online with audiovisual media has the best effectiveness in improving maternal behavior in preventing dental caries in preschool children.
Job Satisfaction in the Post Pandemic Era
Authors: Lirios Cruz García
Published: September 2024

The exploration of job satisfaction, understood as a result of an organizational intelligence process aimed at optimizing resources, is the objective of this work. A non-experimental study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection of 350 social work professionals. An exploratory factor structure was observed that explained 80% of the total explained variance, although the research design limits the results to the scenario, suggesting the extension of the model and its contrast in other contexts.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Trichinella spiralis among Pregnant Women in Rural Areas, Burkina Faso
Authors: Tahita Marc Christian , Traore Ousmane , Kabore Bérenger , Ilboudo Hamidou , Sinner Regina , Kazienga Adama , Sanou Hyacinthe , Lompo Palpouguini , Hübschen Judith M. , Tinto Halidou
Published: September 2024

Trichinellosis is a serious zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by parasitic nematodes of the genus Trichinella. If not well managed, this can lead to complications and death. Data in Burkina Faso are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the seroprevalence and risk factors of Trichinella infection in Burkina Faso. This was a cross-sectional study where pregnant women attending antenatal care were enrolled after signature of an informed consent. Serum samples of 418 pregnant women were collected and stored at the Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro. Anti-Trichinella spiralis IgG Human ELISA Kit was used to test the samples at the Luxembourg Institute of Health. Anthropometric, clinical and socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire and Chi-square and Student t-tests were used to compare groups. The p-value significance threshold was set at 0.05. Overall, the seroprevalence of Trichinellosis was 2.4% (10/418). The baseline characteristics analysis showed associations between Trichinella seropositive pregnant women and factors such as body mass index (BMI) and gravidity. Individuals identified as Trichinella seropositive were not previously diagnosed and have not been treated for Trichinella infection with any specific therapy. A low seroprevalence of Trichinella infection was found in our study area. Efforts for continuous education in trichinellosis prevention are necessary.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH): So Much for a First Diagnosis: A Case Report
Authors: ARZOUR Pr Hind , HADJAMI, Dr Dina , HADDOUM Pr Farid
Published: September 2024

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired disorder of hematopoietic stem cells. Misdiagnosed, patients suffer from true errancy of diagnosis mainly because of the large range of bio-clinical presentations. The following case of a 40-year-old male who went from an unexplored anemia to a falsely diagnosed systemic lupus then an Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) that required some dialysis sessions and later a kidney biopsy which the results threw us off track, highlights that exact problematic and showcases the accuracy and the simplicity of the test once the hypothesis strikes mind: The flow cytometry. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria must be evoked when there is a refractory anemia, a Coombs (-) anemia, thrombosis with hemolysis or cytopenia. The flow cytometry is considered the gold standard diagnostic tool.
Basira Da Aiki Da Basira a Harshen Mata Hausawa
Authors: Dikko Abdullahi Lawal
Published: September 2024

Takarda ce da aka yi yunƙuri domin ankarar da yadda ake amfani da basira a cikin zantukan mata Hausawa. Nazarin ya tabbatar da cewa mata na da basira da aiki da basira a cikin zantukansu na yau da kullum. Sakamakon Takardar ta gano tun tan gini tun rane, mata Hausawa na amfani da basira da aiki da basira tun fil azal, amma yau da gobe al’amuran zalaƙa da fasaha da hikima na ƙara bunƙasa kamar yadda binciken ya gano ya ba da misalai. Haka kuma mata na da rukunoni da dama waɗanda suke bayyanar da basirar amfani da harshe kamar yadda maƙalar ta gano. Manufar wannan maƙala ita ce ta fito da waɗannan bayanai a fili domin amfanin masana da manazarta harshen Hausa, musamman ta fuskar walwalar harshe. An yi amfani da ra’in siffantawa (Descriptive Theory) domin yi bayyanin wannan maƙala, kasancewar duk wani aiki da ya shafi nazarin walwalar harshe a kan sami nasarar bincike, in an ɗora shi a kan wannan ra’i. Haka kuma an yi amfani da littafai da maƙaloli da masana da manzarta suka rubuta wajen waiwayan aikin da suka gabata. Sannan an saurari maganganun mata Hausawa a matsayin masu ruwa da tsaki. A ƙarshe ana fatan wannan aiki ya zama mai amfani ga manazarta walwalan ilimin harshe.
Mai Biɗa Ya Bar Jin Gajiya: Tsokaci a Kan Bincike na Haƙiƙa a Fagen Ilimin Zamani
Authors: Maikwari Haruna Umar , Ƙaura Habibu Lawali
Published: September 2024

Wannan maƙala mai taken: “Fasahar Bincike na Haƙiƙa: Jagoran Ɗalibai Cikin Aikin Bincike.” Bincike na haƙiƙa shi ne irin nau’in binciken da ake yi na ilimi. Wannan bincike dai shi ne gano wani abu da ya faku ko ya ɓoyu a wani sashen na daban. Manufar wannan maƙala ita ce fito da aikin bincike na haƙiƙa da matakan da za a bi wajen yin sa. Haka kuma wannan maƙala jagora ce ga ɗalibai masu aikin bincike. Hanyar da aka bi wajen aiwatar da wannan maƙalar ita ce, ta karance-karancen bugaggun littattafai da kundayen bincike da mujallu na ilimi daga makarantu daban-daban. An kuma zaɓi a ɗora wannan binciken (Maƙala) a kan ra’in kwaɗaitarwa (Motivation Theory) wanda aka fi danganta samuwarsa daga MC Dougal, (1871). Sakamakon binciken da wannan maƙalar ta fitar shi ne, an gano cewa bincike na haƙiƙa yana buƙatar bin wasu matakai da suka danganci duban matsala, ziyarar muhallin da za a gudanar da wannan bincike wato inda matsalar take, tattaunawa da wasu masu ilimi kan abin da ake bincike a kai, samun kayan aiki, (data), yin amfani da fasahar zamani (SPSS) domin nazartar kayan aikin (analysis), fitar da sakamakon abin da aka bincika.