bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interval estimation of reliability indices from the results of complex system component tests
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Savonik O.M.
Published: April 2023

The goal of this work is to find the lower estimate of the no-failure probability (NFP) of a complex monotonic nonrecoverable system from the results of independent binomial tests of its components. Using the general-and-probabilistic method, the NFP is considered as a probability function polynomial, which is a linear homogeneous polynomial in each of the S variables where S is the number of system component types. Based on the method of confidence sets, the NFP lower estimate is found as the minimum of a function of an unknown multidimensional parameter at a probability of the aggregate test results (failure-free operation) of the system components equal to one minus the guaranteed confidence coefficient. The paper reports a system of equations, each of which for two component types relates the component reliability derivatives of the NFP (and one more equation relates the component reliability and the confidence coefficient). Conditions are found for the initial guess in a numerical solution of the above system of nonlinear equations (the number of the conditions is equal to the number of the component types minus one; each condition is a like sign for two functions each of which depends on the probability of the test results of a particular component type and the component reliability of this probability). In some specific cases, the program dimension can be reduced due to the simple structure of the probability function polynomial. The presented method gives a confidence reliability estimate with a guaranteed confidence coefficient for complex system that cannot be reduced to a serial-parallel or a parallel-serial structure and consist of components with an arbitrary type of failure time distribution. The method allows one to get an estimate at a small number of tests and a small number of failures or in their absence, which is of especial importance for high-reliability systems.
Probability increase of target recognition by unmanned complex artificial intelligence.
Authors:   Central Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment of Armed Forces of Ukraine, V Senatorov , B Melnyk ,   Central Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment of Armed Forces of Ukraine, A Kuchinskiy ,   Central Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment of Armed Forces of Ukraine
Published: April 2023

The thermal imager, which helps operator to orient on area, detect and recognize target in the night conditions, is included as rule in structure of battle modules of unmanned complexes. Partially these tasks are placing on electronics at implementation of artificial intelligence into unmanned complex. But classical thermal imager optical system forms on digital photodetector the two-dimensional image of surrounding space. It hinders the target recognition by battle unmanned complex artificial intelligence at night conditions. It is well known from fundamental theory of phenomena of light reflection and refraction on border “medium-air”, which is described by Fresnel’s low for metals and dielectrics, the polarization rate of thermal objects depends on position of normal of object elementary small surface relatively to direction of its observation (relatively to optical axis of observation device). At the same time, polarization rate of surface own irradiation is increasing at rise of angle between irradiation direction and normal to irradiation surface. And that angle is changing within wide diapason, for example, during exploration from unmanned complex board. On that base there is possibility to determine the third coordinate of target elementary small surface and to image a 3D target on thermal imager display screen or to recognize a target by unmanned complex artificial intelligence. Authors show, including of infrared polarizer, rotating around the thermal imager optical system axis on fixed angles, into thermal imager structure permits to determine the third target coordinate and to increase a probability for its recognition by unmanned complex artificial intelligence in that case.
Making tinnitus songs according to the frequency and amplitude of the sound of tinnitus sufferers that are safe and comfortable for sufferers
Authors: Rahayu Made Lely , Setiawan Eka Putra , Sumerjana I Ketut , Suryatika Ida Bagus Made , Putra I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka , Pinatih Ketut Tadeus Max Nurcahya , Pratiwi Idola , Arthana I Made Nudi , Widiantari I Gusti Ayu Putu Wahyu
Published: April 2023

Background: Tinnitus is the perception of sound heard by a person without an external stimulus. About 10-14.5% of the world's population experience tinnitus, with the most common age group being 40-60. The management of tinnitus is still a challenge for researchers. Until now, there has been no effective management of tinnitus. The last therapy available is to make artificial sounds that imitate the tinnitus sound so that it can mask the actual tinnitus sound. In addition, music therapy is expected to reduce the stress level of tinnitus patients.
Methods: This research is a follow-up study from previous research with 26 subjects. After getting the frequency and amplitude of tinnitus, a sound stimulus is made by combining tone variations and good generators obtained from audiometric masking. Tone variations are made using a basic tone that matches the patient's tinnitus frequency. After that, the patient will assess the results of the merger. Then all the participants will listen to dan evaluate the mixing song.
Results: Of all subjective tinnitus sound generators, 3-5% have frequencies below 20 Hz and above 20,000 Hz. Songs made by recording in a soundproof room also have a frequency of 20 Hz and above 20,000 Hz, about 5 – 7%, where the song has an unnecessary frequency. The subjective tinnitus sound generator with the created song has an amplitude of < 85dB so that it can be adjusted with the volume control on the speaker.
Conclusion: Tinnitus songs were made with the addition of Piano and Violin and Flute music, and Guitar, Bass and Balinese gamelan had a frequency of 20 – 20,000 Hz with an amplitude of < 85 dB, which can be adjusted with the volume so that it is safe and comfortable for tinnitus sufferers.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the readiness of last year's medical students for clinical rotation
Authors: Manuaba Ida Bagus Amertha Putra , Yani Made Violin Weda , Darmayani I Gusti Ayu Sri , Sundariyati I Gusti Ayu Harry , Supadmanaba I Gede Putu , Wulandari Putri Ayu , Sadeva I Gede Krisna Arim , Indrakusuma Anak Agung Bagus Putra
Published: April 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affects various aspects of human life. To minimize the impact of lockdown, medical schools used online learning systems. However, online education also impacts student readiness, especially last year's medical students who will soon undergo clinical rotation. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the readiness of last year's medical students for clinical rotation. This study was a literature review that used several databases and online sources: Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Pubmed (MEDLINE), and Cochrane Library, to search relevant journals related to the topic. Based on the literature search, the transition from student to doctor has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, which had a substantial impact on medical student education, especially on interruptions of student assistantship that disturb students’ preparation, self-assurance and professional identity. The online education system in the last year of pre-clinical medical students involves changing the medical curriculum, duration of lectures, lecture schedules, and academic material loads, which are carried out through the implementation of online material sources or meeting platforms. However, the online education system also has several barriers that cause learning effectiveness that is not comparable to traditional face-to-face education systems, including the level of ability of both teachers and students to adapt online, time management, supporting infrastructure, integrated communication systems, and student engagement. This also had an impact on both students' theoretical and practical skills. Several factors also affect the student's readiness, including student assistantship interruption, OSCEs, written exams, competence, clerkship orientation, learning style, classroom environment, and mental health.
Cardiorenal Syndrome: revisiting its pathophysiology and classification
Authors: Wikananda I Made Fermi , Widiana I Gde Raka , Sindhughosa Dwijo Anargha
Published: April 2023

Heart failure remain as major health problem worldwide, causing severe morbidity and high mortality. Strong relationship between cardiac disorders and kidney disorders that affect the patient's prognosis. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a group of symptoms due to acute or chronic damage to one of the organs, including the heart or kidneys, which will affect the function of other organs. The heart and kidney each play a role as a regulator of the body's hemodynamic balance. The kidneys produce urine based on that produced by glomerular filtration which depends on the level of renal perfusion and arteriolar blood pressure. CRS classified into five. The classification is based on the primary and secondary damage from CRS occurs in the heart, kidney or outside the heart and/or kidney. Understanding the pathophysiology of CRS benefit to comprehensively manage patients with such condition.
The economic situation of households in Poland and the Czech Republic. Comparative analysis
Authors:   Department of Statistics Cracow University of Economics, Ćwiek Małgorzata , Trzcińska Kamila ,   Department of Statistical Methods University of Lodz
Published: April 2023

Income distribution can cause large-scale transformations in social structure, as well as in the quality of life. The aim of the paper is to compare the economic situation of households in Poland and the Czech Republic. The level and the dispersion of income distributions of households and the level of poverty due to the selected socio-economic characteristics of a respondent or a household are analysed. All the conclusions are based on the results of European Quality of Life Surveys. To describe the distribution of net equivalent income, the Singh-Maddala model is used. The estimation parameters are obtained by means of the maximum likelihood method. The descriptive statistics characterising the total situation in the Czech Republic and Poland, as well as in selected socio-economic groups, are calculated. To analyse the extent, depth and severity of poverty in the countries in question, the aggregate indices are obtained. The conducted research shows a high similarity for both distribution of equivalent income and the socio-economic groups particularly exposed to monetary poverty.
Crystallization kinetics of GdYScAlCo high-entropy bulk metallic glass
Authors: Bykov V. A. , Kovalenko D. A. , Sterkhov E. V. , Kulikova T. V.
Published: April 2023

The thermal stability and non-isothermal crystallization of a new bulk-amorphous high-entropy (HE-BMG) equiatomic GdYScAlCo alloy were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The alloy shows a four-stage crystallization process. The kinetic parameters (activation energy (Eα)), the pre-exponential factor (logA) and glass-forming ability indicators (kinetic fragility index, characteristic temperatures) for the GdYScAlCo alloy were obtained. The Eα values obtained by isoconversional methods indicate a nonlinear Arrhenian behaviour and a complex process. The Avrami equation modification proposed by Jeziorny and the multivariate nonlinear regression method were applied on the nonisothermal crystallization. In the case of primary crystallization of the amorphous GdYScAlCo alloy under nonisothermal conditions, the kinetics of the nucleation process is best described by an autocatalytic reaction.
The Earliest Armenian Thunder God, Hurro-Urartian Teššub/Teišeba and the Greek Theseus: Image and Name
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Petrosyan Armen Ye.
Published: April 2023

The most outstanding monuments of ancient Armenia are the huge stone steles vishaps (“dragons”), the first samples of which date back to the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age (14th c. BC). A detailed analysis shows that the vishaps were attributes of the cult of the Indo-European thunder god, and before the Iranian word višap was borrowed, they were called by an Indo-European name of the mythological Serpent (geɫ < *wel-), the adversary of the god. Echoes of this Indo-European myth are also found in other archaeological artifacts of pre-Urartian Armenia. The most interesting of them, the so-called axe-bull, a bronze object with something resembling both a bull’s head and an axe in the center, surrounded by two or three open or closed concentric circles. According to L. Abrahamyan, this composition can be best explained by the Greek mythologeme “Minotaur in the Labyrinth.” The Indo-European thunder god represented the military function and thus embodied the image of an archaic warrior. His weapon was a hammer or an axe, and his symbol was a bull. The name of the Hurrian-Urartian thunder god (Hurr. Teššub, Urart. Teišeba /= Theišewa/) has no acceptable etymology in these languages. Its attributes, symbol, and myths (axe, bull, victory over a stone monster) resemble the image of the Indo-European thunderer. The article proposes an Armenian etymology for this theonym from the Indo-European *tek’s- + *h1ep- ‘axe holder.’ His image, Grecized as Theseus, was borrowed by the Greeks (apparently, through the Cilician Achaeans of the end of the 2nd millennium BC) becoming one of the key figures of the Cretan cycle.
RAYMOND HENRY WILLIAMS (1921-1988)
Authors: Baute Carla
Published: April 2023

Resumo Na ocasião da efeméride do centenário de nascimento do crítico galês Raymond Williams, não foram poucas as comemorações de seu legado intelectual. Aqui proponho traçar um itinerário da lembrança, isto é, além de pontuar aspectos da trajetória de Williams, reúno as características de sua obra resgatadas ao longo das celebrações, localizo-as geograficamente e faço algumas considerações sobre seus arranjos. Partindo dos pressupostos das concepções de campo e da ilusão biográfica, elaboradas por Pierre Bourdieu, chamo atenção para as qualidades específicas do “relato de si” do escritor/intelectual e o impacto dessas no exame das trajetórias e ideias realizados por seus estudiosos. Com base nesse arcabouço, junto-me às solenidades da ocasião e seleciono as facetas de Raymond Williams que eu gostaria de lembrar. Por fim, argumento que o reconhecimento dessas camadas de sentido em nada diminui a capacidade de produção de conhecimento e que essas são, na verdade, complexificações constituintes da socioanálise.
Influence of type of drainage boundary on coefficient of horizontal consolidation
Authors: Sridhar Gangaputhiran , Robinson Retnamony G. , Rajagopal Karpurapu
Published: April 2023

Vertical drains are used widely to accelerate the consolidation of soft clay deposits when preloading is used as a ground improvement technique. One of the essential input parameters required in Barron's theory is the coefficient of horizontal consolidation, ch. The values of ch can be determined by the radial consolidation test, using either a central sand drain or a porous plastic peripheral drain. This paper presents the laboratory tests carried out to understand the reason for the difference in values of ch determined from inward and outward radial flow consolidations tests. A 150 mm wide instrumented consolidation cell was used to carry out the inward or outward radial consolidation tests. The total stress measurements during consolidation showed non-uniform stress distribution in clay with higher effective stress values close to the drainage boundary. This stiffening of the clay close to the drain retards the consolidation rate resulting in reduced values of ch. As a result, the ch values determined by radially outward consolidation tests with a larger drainage boundary area are lower to those obtained by inward radial flow tests. The pore water pressure measurements showed significantly higher undissipated pore water pressure away from the drainage boundary for the outward flow tests.
Optimised multi-objective design of weir structures
Authors: Geressu Robel Tilaye , Tarekegn Tesfaye Haimanot , Demissie Ermias Alemu
Published: April 2023

Diversion head works, also called weirs or barrages, are structures constructed across rivers or canals to store water or raise the water level. The design of diversion weir structures involves calculating the depth, length and thickness of the horizontal and sloping aprons and sheet pile cut-offs. The design parameters of a diversion weir structure, which have complex non-linear relationships, are traditionally determined using empirically derived recommendations and iterations to achieve structural stability against failures due to scour, uplift, sliding, piping and overturning. However, current design approaches do not explicitly explore the trade-offs between the many relevant design objectives and thus fail to reveal possibly superior designs. A multi-objective optimisation design approach for a diversion weir structure is proposed in this article. A free and open-source code that can be used as a design tool is also provided. The method is demonstrated on a stylised design problem. The results show that the method reveals solutions with diverse balances of stability metrics and cost, with the optimal relationships of parameter values of components also varying based on the relative cost of the construction materials for sheet piles and aprons.
Did the Pandemic Change Who Became Behind on Rent? Characteristics of Renters Behind on Rent Before and After the Pandemic Onset
Authors: Merchant Zofsha , Troland Erin
Published: April 2023

As millions lost their jobs at the start of the COVID pandemic, many Americans risked missing their rent payments. Policymakers responded to the pandemic with hundreds of billions of dollars in government assistance and restrictions on evictions.
Germination of the exotic Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. (Apocynaceae) in Mexico
Authors: Navarrete-Sauza Emiliano , Rojas-Aréchiga Mariana
Published: April 2023

Background: Seed germination strategies are important for exotic species to identify the factors that control seed germination and establishment.
Questions and /or Hypotheses: Temperature and light germination requirements for seeds of Calotropis procera do not change neither in its native regions nor in lands where it is exotic. Calotropis procera show germination traits that may increase their probability of colonization.
Studied species: Calotropis procera is a perennial plant native to some desertic areas in Asia and Africa and now naturalized in America.
Study site and dates: Mature fruits were collected in Oaxaca in September 2019 to test germination parameters. The last experiment was conducted in September 2021.
Methods: We determined the effect of different temperatures, photoblastic response, and loss of viability of seeds kept at laboratory conditions for two years. We performed several sowings under controlled conditions and achieved germinability, t50 and the time to germinate.
Results: Seeds were non-dormant, neutral photoblastic and did not lose viability after two years of dry storage. Temperature affected germinability and t50. Optimum germination temperature was 30 °C with no germination above 40 °C.
Conclusions: Germination requirements of seeds of Calotropis procera studied were similar to those reported worldwide. Though seed germination was affected by maximum mean temperatures, seeds germinated fast and at high percentages under a wide range of temperatures, which together with other attributes, may confer C. procera great chances for successful colonization.
The horseflies fauna diversity (Diptera:
Tabanidae) in the habitats along the Mura river in Međimurje, Croatia
Authors: Krčmar Stjepan
Published: April 2023

From May to September 2022, in the habitats along the Mura River, 1295 horseflies were sampled, classified into two subfamilies, six genera, and 21 species. Seven new records of horseflies were recorded for the first time in the researched area. Newly recorded species are: Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus cordiger, Tabanus sudeticus, Heptatoma pellucens, Haematopota italica, Haematopota scutellata, Haematopota subcylindrica. The species Haematopota pluvialis is the most abundant species, accounting for 60.07% of all sampled horseflies. Tabanus bromius followed with 21.23%, while the other 19 horseflies account for 18.7%. 18 species of horseflies belonged to the boreal-Eurasian type of fauna, two belonged to the Mediterranean type of fauna, i.e. the southern European subtype, while one species belonged to the Afro-Eurasian-arid type of fauna. In the collected sample of horseflies, 33 males classified into 10 species were recorded, while all other collected horseflies were females (1262 specimens) classified into 20 species. The greatest similarity of the horseflies fauna was recorded between the localities Križovec and Goričan, 81.81%. 17 species of horseflies were sampled with a modified Manitoba trap (the so-called canopy trap), and 14 species were sampled with an oil or liquid trap. The largest number of horsefly specimens (59.07%) was sampled in the month of July, while the least horseflies were sampled in September (0.15%). The most abundant species, Tabanus bromius and Haematopota pluvialis, recorded their highest peaks of abundance in July. The longest flight period lasting five months (from May to September) was recorded only for Haematopota pluvialis. Tabanus bromius was represented in all 11 localities, while the species Haematopota pluvialis was represented in 10 localities, as well as the species Chrysops viduatus. Based on the earlier research conducted in 2011 and current research of the horseflies fauna along the Mura river in Međimurje, 22 taxa of horseflies (21 species and 1 subspecies) classified into six genera were identified.
Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Islamova M. R. , Safarova A. F. , Kobalava Zh. D. , Efimova V. P.
Published: April 2023

Aim      To determine the incidence rate and the practical significance of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in the development of cardiovascular complications in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (DCHF).

Material and methods  This prospective, single-site observational study included 171 patients older than 18 years with NYHA functional class (FC) II-IV chronic heart failure (CHF) who were hospitalized for DCHF. Standard and extended 2D and 3D echocardiography (EchoCG) was performed for all patients on admission. Additionally, functional characteristics of the right ventricle (RV) were evaluated in the 3D mode followed by autonomic 3D processing with a EchoPac station (USA). RVD was taken as a disorder of two or more RV functional parameters according to results of 2D EchoCG, or a reduced RV free wall strain according to results of 2D speckle-tracking EchoCG, or a reduced RV ejection fraction (EF) according to results of 3D EchoCG. Statistical analysis was performed with a SPSS Statistics v. 26.0 software.

Results The incidence rate of RVD in general population of patients with DCHF was 75.4 % (n=129). A higher prevalence of RVD was observed in patients with CHF with a low left ventricular (LV) EF (90.1 %). Patients with RVD had a more severe clinical status (significantly higher FC and higher Clinical Condition Scale (CCS) scores), more frequent atrial fibrillation (AF), and higher concentrations of uric acid and total bilirubin. RVD significantly correlated with male sex (odds ratio (OR), 2.05; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.01–4.19; р=0.046) and AF (OR, 3.52; 95 % CI, 1.71–7.26; р<0.001). Patients with RVD had lower values of both LV and RV function. Lower LV EF and AF increased the probability of RVD by 1.06 times (95 % CI, 0.90–0.98; р=0.001) and by 2.63 times (95 % CI, 1.08–6.40; р=0.001), respectively. Evaluation of the predictive significance of RV parameters measured by 2D and 3D EchoCG showed only effects of RV EF (2D) and RV global longitudinal strain (GLS) (3D) on all-cause hospitalization. RVD as evaluated by accepted criteria did not influence adverse outcomes.

Conclusion      The determined incidence, correlations, and the predictive value of RVD in patients with DCHF indicated the appropriateness of assessing the RV function to optimize the management of patients regardless of the CHF phenotype.
Memorias del Foro de Investigación Científica INP
Authors: Frías Sara
Published: April 2023

N/A
Research Insights: How Much Will It Cost to Achieve the Climate Goals in Latin America and the Caribbean?
Authors: Galindo Paliza Luis Miguel , Hoffmann Bridget , Vogt-Schilb Adrien
Published: April 2023

Meeting the climate change challenge requires structural transformations in infrastructure, health and social protection, and financial institutions. Climate action calls for a redirection of existing financial flows. An adequate response requires redirecting financial flows to achieve annual spending of 2 to 8 percent of GDP on the provision of infrastructure services and 5 to 11 percent of GDP on social programs. Specific financing sources, such as green taxes and sustainable bonds, can finance part of climate efforts. However, to redirect public and private spending and foreign investment into solutions consistent with climate goals, governments will also need to reform policies and regulations in all sectors.
Connexa: No. 17: Marzo, 2023 : síntesis de información y datos sobre integración y comercio
Authors:   Instituto para la Integración de América Latina y el Caribe
Published: April 2023

En esta edición de Connexa se presentan las proyecciones para 2023, que confirman la desaceleración en el ritmo de expansión del comercio internacional en el marco del debilitamiento del crecimiento económico mundial, que afectará también al sector externo de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). El principal canal de transmisión de la ralentización se espera que sea vía precios, considerando que la mayoría de las cotizaciones de las materias primas han regresado a niveles previos a la guerra en Ucrania (aún así, elevados en términos históricos), pero la demanda real también se verá menguada y las apreciaciones reales de las monedas encarecen a la región. Las inversiones también sufrirían el impacto del deterioro de la economía global. En este contexto de alta incertidumbre algunas actividades están retornando a la normalidad, como el costo del transporte y los flujos de turismo.
Las políticas de gobierno corporativo frente a las innovaciones cambiantes
Authors: Cubillos Garzón Camilo Enrique , Sotelo Enríquez Juan José
Published: April 2023

El presente texto ha sido producto además de la coautoría, del trabajo que se está desarrollando en el Posdoctorado del profesor Cubillos y tiene como propósito reconocer el roll de las Innovaciones Cambiantes o Tecnologías Disruptivas en el marco de las políticas del Gobierno Corporativo. Tal reconocimiento se observa a lo largo del escrito, el cual está compuesto por dos capítulos principales, el primero, relacionado con el gobierno corporativo y la gestión empresarial y, el segundo, referente a la importancia de las innovaciones cambiantes y su uso como herramienta en el gobierno corporativo para op­timizar su gestión empresarial.
Sprawa pomnika Tadeusza Kościuszki w okresie międzywojennym w Łodzi
Authors: Nartonowicz-Kot Maria
Published: April 2023

Pierwsze decyzje w sprawie wzniesienia pomnika Tadeusza Kościuszki w Łodzi podjęła Rada Miejska na uroczystym posiedzeniu 15 października 1917 roku. Sprawą budowy pomnika zajął się specjalnie w tym celu wyłoniony przez Radę Miejską Komitet Obchodów Kościuszkowskich, w skład którego wchodzili przedstawiciele Rady i Magistratu oraz reprezentanci społeczeństwa łódzkiego. Do współpracy zaproszono przedstawicieli władz miejskich, miejscowych związków, stowarzyszeń i korporacji. W jego skład weszli reprezentanci kleru, inteligencji, finansjery, działaczki społeczne. Komitet Obchodów Kościuszkowskich, lansując apolityczny model Kościuszki, usiłował skupić wokół siebie wszystkich, bez względu na narodowość i przekonania polityczne. Opracowano warunki konkursu na projekt pomnika. Pojawiające się problemy związane z konkursem oraz zmiana warunków politycznych, zakończenie wojny i odzyskanie przez Polskę niepodległości spowodowały, że na pierwszy plan wysunęły się problemy publiczne i gospodarcze, a plany budowy pomnika zostały przesunięte na drugi plan. Dopiero w kolejnym, zamkniętym konkursie w 1925 r. przedstawiono projekt, który został pozytywnie zaopiniowany przez Sąd Konkursowy i zakupiony przez władze miasta. Twórcą pomnika był Mieczysław Lubelski, któremu powierzono również wykonanie prac związanych z budową pomnika Kościuszki. Trudności finansowe i techniczne doprowadziły do znacznego opóźnienia we wprowadzeniu w życie dekretu przyjętego w 1917 r., jednakże 3 maja 1927 r. uroczyście wmurowano kamień węgielny, a 14 grudnia 1930 r. nastąpiło jego odsłonięcie. Całkowity koszt budowy pomnika wyniósł 657.012 zł.
Odkrywanie sensu i wartości
Authors: Perzyński Andrzej P. , Wierzbicki Alfred M. , Gajak-Toczek Małgorzata , Skowronek Małgorzata , Kłys Tomasz , Bagiński Dobrosław , Leśniczak Rafał
Published: April 2023

Kolejny tom dokumentujący prace uniwersyteckiego Ośrodka Badawczego Myśli Chrześcijańskiej jest wydawany w trzydziestolecie działalności ośrodka. Głównym tematem spajającym artykuły są zagadnienia związane z aksjologią i poszukiwaniem sensu we współczesnym życiu społecznym, a także w kulturze i sztuce. Tytułowe odkrywanie sensu i wartości jest zilustrowane przykładami różnych tekstów kultury. Zwraca też uwagę wielość interpretacji tematu przewodniego zbioru. Myśl chrześcijańska – co starają się potwierdzić autorzy – wciąż stanowi źródło twórczej inspiracji.
Características del empleo agrícola en el Perú
Authors: Velazco Jackeline
Published: April 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cuáles son las condiciones de empleo de los ocupados en la agricultura peruana en el siglo XXI. A pesar de la importancia relativa de la PEA agrícola en el total nacional, nuestro conocimiento sobre las características del empleo del sector es aún limitado. Este artículo intenta ser una contribución en esta línea de análisis
Bluźnierstwo (blasphemous libel) jako źródło odpowiedzialności karnej w prawie angielskim
Authors: Szymura Mateusz
Published: April 2023

Przedmiotem artykułu jest próba omówienia genezy oraz ewolucji odpowiedzialności za bluźnierstwo w prawie angielskim. Nieokreśloność oraz arbitralność oceny bluźnierczych twierdzeń prowadziła od penalizacji twierdzeń będących krytyką panującej religii do stopniowego zaniku postępowań dotyczących tego czynu zabronionego w XX w. Próby opierania nowych oskarżeń o badaną podstawę odpowiedzialności doprowadziły do formalnej abolicji bluźnierstwa przez brytyjski Parlament w 2008 r.
Problematyka ochrony „wolności” jako dobra osobistego w pracach nad art. 23 kodeksu cywilnego z 1964 r.
Authors: Dolata Tomasz
Published: April 2023

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie procesu „ucierania się” brzmienia współczesnego art. 23 k.c. w pracach Zespołu Prawa Cywilnego Materialnego Komisji Kodyfikacyjnej PRL, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem „wolności” jako jednego z podstawowych dóbr osobistych. Chodzi przede wszystkim o ukazanie genezy wprowadzenia do treści dzisiejszego art. 23 dobra osobistego, jakim jest „wolność”. Podstawę ustaleń autora stanowi analiza źródeł archiwalnych, tzn. dokumentacji Ministerstwa Sprawiedliwości zawartej w zasobach Archiwum Akt Nowych. Prace nad projektem k.c. w Zespole Prawa Cywilnego Materialnego rozłożone zostały na trzy czytania. Odnośnie do dzisiejszego art. 23 k.c. jako pierwszy ochronę „wolności” w projekcie kodeksu zaproponował J. Marowski. Jednak zamierzał on jedynie uregulować warunki przymusowego zatrzymywania osób w szpitalu psychiatrycznym. Postulat ten dotyczył zatem kwestii wolności osobistej. Członkami Zespołu, którzy proponowali wprowadzenie „wolności” do kodeksowego katalogu dóbr chronionych, byli J. Gwiazdomorski oraz W. Czachórski. Ich koncepcje nie zostały jednak w trakcie pierwszego czytania projektu poddane ocenie Zespołu. W drugim czytaniu problem ochrony „wolności” nie został rozwiązany, pojawiły się nawet pomysły przeniesienia problematyki ochrony dóbr osobistych do przepisów o deliktach (J. Wasilkowski, K. Przybyłowski). Wreszcie o ostatecznym kształcie tego artykułu zdecydowały uzgodnienia Zespołu podjęte w toku trzeciego czytania projektu. W trakcie prac ministerialnych i parlamentarnych katalog dóbr chronionych nie uległ już zmianie.
Histological and biochemical methods to assess aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase expression in human post-mortem brain tissue
Authors: Klugmann Matthias , Suchowerska Alexandra K. , Housley Gary D. , Fröhlich Dominik
Published: April 2023

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are essential, non-redundant enzymes that catalyze the charging of tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. This reaction is a prerequisite for protein translation in all cells. Mutations in human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are often associated with defects of the peripheral and central nervous system and are the underlying cause of many rare diseases including neuropathies and leukodystrophies. A comprehensive understanding of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase expression domains is key to understanding these disorders and developing novel targeted treatment strategies. Here, we describe histological and biochemical methods to analyze the expression pattern of the aspartyl-tRNA synthetase AspRS in human post-mortem brain tissue. The same methods can readily be applied to other members of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase superfamily or, more generally, to other cytosolic proteins in the human brain.
A Simple Hidden Markov Model Could Prevent Physician Error in Failure To Diagnose Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Vanathi
Published: April 2023

Infectious mononucleosis (Mono) is mostly caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and can spread through infected people sharing food and drinks with others. Once this virus gets into your system, it is there to stay. The virus can get activated when a person has low immunity and can cause major complications. Furthermore, if physicians miss the diagnosis of this disease, and prescribe penicillin-based antibiotics, it can cause severe rash and adverse reactions that compromise patient safety. This paper develops a simple Hidden Markov Model using which a Viterbi algorithm provides the maximum a posteriori probability estimate for the most likely hidden state path, given a sequence of symptoms arising as observations from a patient with hidden EBV positive or negative states. Apart from bringing awareness to help reduce missed diagnoses and subsequent adverse events, this work provides a tool for health care systems to better incorporate prompts during electronic medical record (EMR) interactions to help physicians catch potential missed diagnoses during a visit. This research demonstrates how statistical models can be used to assess likelihood of underlying conditions that require tests to be offered by physicians in order to make a definitive diagnosis. The model developed and applied herein for estimating likelihood of EBV infection from a series of observations has the potential to alter guidelines within healthcare systems to ensure that the safety of patients, particularly teens, is not compromised due to a lack of definitive diagnosis for Mono at point of care.
Finite Element Analysis of Radiation Effects on Metal Oxide based Semiconductor (MOS) for Space Borne Application
Authors: Duinong Mivolil , Rasmidi Rosfayanti , Chee Fuei Pien , Salleh Saafie , Rumaling Muhammad Izzuddin , Juhim Floressy , Abdul Rani Abdul Ismail , Chang Jackson Hian Wui
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we present the investigation results of radiation-induced effects in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) doped with moderate amounts of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) as a potential candidate for space-borne application. The samples were fabricated via the sputtering method at a working pressure of 3mTorr and a deposition temperature of 300oC. The ZnO samples were exposed to 1.25-MeV gamma-ray utilizing Co60 source, and their electronic response was measured at ionizing doses ranging from 10 kGy to 300 kGy. A comparative work was performed through finite element method to simulate the electronic response of the PN junction diode due to ionizing radiation. The results indicate that the ideality factor of the MOS diode increases as the ionizing dose increases, rendering it unsuitable for use as a diode. The degradation of the electrical parameters was also simulated, showing the increase in hole concentration. These findings suggest that the ejection of electrons occurred, which agrees with the gamma radiation effects trend. Furthermore, as the intensity of radiation increases, the spatial charge that arises from the separation of hole-electron pairs results in a substantial reduction of the electric field in the central portion of the n-type region. These findings provide insights into the degradation of electrical parameters in MOS devices under gamma radiation and have implications for their use in space-borne applications.
Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of a Driving Passenger Vehicle
Authors: Yun Seen , Lee Jeonga , Jang Woojae , Kim Daeji , Choi Minseok , Chung Jintai
Published: April 2023

This study presents a dynamic model of a passenger vehicle and analyzes its dynamic characteristics and responses. A dynamic vehicle model with seven degrees of freedom was established to analyze the behavior of a driving vehicle. The vehicle model had three degrees of freedom for the motion of the sprung mass and four degrees of freedom for the unsprung masses. For this model, the equations of motion were derived using Lagrange’s equation. To verify the model, the suspension deformations computed using the model were compared with the deformations measured through three actual vehicle driving tests which are the slalom, double lane change, and step steer tests. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of suspension stiffness, suspension damping, and anti-roll bar torsional stiffness on the dynamic characteristics and responses of the vehicle model. The developed dynamic vehicle model may help vehicle designers predict the dynamic responses of a vehicle through simulation without performing a driving test.
Effects of Melatonin and Silymarin on Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide Production, and Sperm Viability and Motility during Sperm Freezing in Pigs
Authors: Lee Sang-Hee , Lee Seunghyung
Published: April 2023

Sperm during the freezing and thawing process is damaged by oxidative stress. Thus, its antioxidant scavenger is essential for sperm survival and death in frozen-thawed semen. We used melatonin and silymarin in experiments. Our study aimed to identify the effect of melatonin and silymarin on the motility and viability of sperm, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) production in frozen-thawed boar semen. Melatonin and silymarin were treated alone and co-treated in the fresh boar semen. Boar semen was collected using the gloved-hand method from ten crossbred pigs, and the age of the experimental ten male pigs was 28.7 ± 3.2 months. We evaluated sperm viability using SYBR-14 and PI kit, and ROS and NO production were detected by DCF-DA and DAF-2, respectively. The sperm motility was not significantly different between non-treatment and treatment. ROS and NO production in frozen-thawed sperm were decreased by melatonin and silymarin (P < 0.05). Moreover, silymarin significantly reduced NO production more than melatonin (P < 0.05). Melatonin (46.37 ± 1.10) and silymarin (46.13 ± 0.80) enhanced the viability of sperm (P < 0.05). We suggest that melatonin and silymarin are essential antioxidants in semen cryopreservation for protecting sperm damage and maintaining sperm viability. Melatonin and silymarin may be useful antioxidants in freezing boar sperm.
Micro Injection Molding of Drug-Loaded Round Window Niche Implants for an Animal Model using 3D Printed Molds
Authors: Mau Robert , Eickner Thomas , Jüttner Gabór , Gao Ziwen , Wei Chunjiang , Fiedler Nicklas , Senz Volkmar , Lenarz Thomas , Grabow Niels , Scheper Verena , Seitz Hermann
Published: April 2023

A novel approach for the long-term medical treatment of the inner ear is the diffusion of drugs through the round window membrane from a patient-individualized, drug-eluting implant, which is inserted in the middle ear. In this study, drug-loaded (10 wt% Dexamethasone) guinea pig round window niche implants (GP-RNIs, ~1.30 mm x 0.95 mm x 0.60 mm) were manufactured with high precision via micro injection molding (µIM, Tmold = 160 °C, crosslinking time of 120 s). The medical grade silicone elastomer MED-4244 (NuSil Technology LLC, Radnor, PA, USA) was used. Molds for µIM were 3D printed from a commercially available resin PlasGRAY V2 (Asiga, Alexandria, Australia, TG = 84 °C) via a high-resolution DLP process (xy-resolution of 32 µm, z-resolution of 10 µm, 3D printing time of about 6 h). Drug release, biocompatibility, and bio-efficacy of the GP-RNIs were investigated in vitro. GP-RNIs could be successfully produced. Wear of the molds due to thermal stress was observed. However, the molds are suitable for single use in the µIM process. About 10% of the drug load (8.2 ± 0.6 µg) was released after 6 weeks (medium: isotonic saline). The implants showed high biocompatibility over a time of 28 days (lowest cell viability ~80%). Moreover, we found anti-inflammatory effects over a time of 28 days in a TNF-α-reduction test. These results are promising for the development of long-term drug-releasing implants for human inner ear therapy.
Circulating Anti-GB3 Antibody as Biomarker of Myocardial Inflammation in Patients with Fabry Disease Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Frustaci Andrea , Verardo Romina , Magnocavallo Michele , Scialla Rossella , Sansone Luigi , Russo Matteo Antonio
Published: April 2023

Background: Fabry disease cardiomyopathy (FDCM) has manifested some resistance to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) particularly in its advanced phase. Recently myocardial inflammation of autoimmune origin has been demonstrated in FDCM.
Aims: Aim of the study is the assessment of circulating anti-globotriaosylceramide (GB3) antibody as biomarker of myocardial inflammation in FDCM. Its sensitivity was based on the evidence of overlapping myocarditis at left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy.
Methods and Results: From January 1996 to December 2021, 85 patients received in our Department the histological diagnosis of FDCM and 48 (56.5%) of them had an overlapping myocardial inflammation with negative PCR for the common cardiotropic viruses, positive anti-heart and anti-myosin abs. The presence of anti-GB3 antibodies was evaluated with an Elisa assay (BioGeM scarl Medical Investigational Research, MIR - Ariano Irpino, Italy) in the FDCM patients and compared with controls of healthy individuals. Circulating levels of anti-GB3 autoantibodies were compared with the presence or absence of myocardial inflammation at histology and with the severity of FDCM.
The assay results showed that 42 out of 48 FDCM subjects with myocarditis were positive for anti-Gb3 antibodies while 30 out of 37 FDCM patients without myocarditis had negative anti-GB3 antibodies, with a sensitivity of 87.5 % and a specificity of 83.5%.
Conclusions: The present study suggests a potential positive role of antiGB3 antibodies as marker of overlapping cardiac inflammation in patients with FDCM.
Trends in Biological Ammonia Production
Authors: Adeniyi Adewale , Bello Ibrahim , Mukaila Taofeek , Sarker Niloy , Hammed Ademola
Published: April 2023

Food production heavily depends on ammonia-containing fertilizers to improve crop yield and profitability. However, ammonia production is challenged by huge energy demand, the release of ~2% of global CO2, and political instability. To mitigate this challenge, many research efforts have developed bioprocessing technologies to make biological ammonia. This review presents three different biological approaches that drive the biochemical mechanisms to convert nitrogen gas, bioresources, or waste to biological ammonia. The use of advanced technologies— enzyme immobilization and microbial bioengineering – enhanced bio-ammonia production. This review also highlighted some challenges and research gaps that require researchers’ attention for bio-ammonia to be industrially pragmatic.
Multi-Omics Techniques for Forest Plant Breeding
Authors: Wang Mingcheng , Li Rui , Zhao Qi
Published: April 2023

In recent years, the ecological and economic values of forest plants have been gradually recognized worldwide. However, the growing global demand for new forest plant varieties with higher wood production capacity and better stress tolerance cannot be satisfied by conventional phenotype-based breeding, marker-assisted selection, and genomic selection. In the recent past, diverse omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been developed rapidly, providing powerful tools for the precision genetic breeding of forest plants. Genomics lays a solid foundation for understanding complex biological regulatory networks, while other omics technologies provide different perspectives at different levels. Multi-omics integration has combined the different omics technologies, becoming a powerful tool for genome-wide functional element identification in forest plant breeding. This review summarizes the recent progress of omics technologies and their applications in the genetic studies of forest plants. It will provide forest plant breeders with an elementary knowledge of multi-omics techniques for future breeding programs.
Effect of Premixed Ethanol Ratio Based on the Same Heating Value on the Atomization of Diesel Fuel Injected in the Cylinder
Authors: Min Se Hun , Suh And Hyun Kyu
Published: April 2023

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the premixed ethanol ratio based on the same total heating value in-cylinder on the equivalence ratio distributions and the injected fuel droplet behavior in the cylinder of the RCCI engine. The spray simulation was conducted by dividing two-part. First, the spray validation simulations progressed to find the spray-influenced factor of the test injector. Next, the engine simulations were performed with the spray-influenced factor obtained from spray validation simulations to investigate the effect of the premixed ethanol ratio based on the same total heating value in-cylinder on the injected fuel atomization and the equivalence ratio distributions. The introduced total heating value was fixed at 595J based on the lower heating value of diesel 14mg. The heating value of the premixed ethanol ratio varied from 0% to 40% based on the same total heating value in-cylinder in steps of 10%. It was revealed that when the premixed ethanol ratio based on the same total heating value in-cylinder was increased, the spray tip penetration value was reduced from the time after 4deg of diesel injection start because of the short injection duration by the small amount of diesel fuel. The SMD value was also more enormous up to 32.58% with increasing the premixed ethanol ratio because of the low kinetic energy of the injected fuel by the short injection duration and the slow evaporation of the injected fuel by the low cylinder temperature.