bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Equipment Comprehensive Management System Based on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things
Authors: Yao Lin , Shang Danmei , Zhao Hui , Hu Shuyu
Published: March 2021

The continuous progress in modern medicine is not only the level of medical technology, but also various high-tech medical auxiliary equipment. With the rapid development of hospital information construction, medical equipment plays a very important role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis observation of the disease. However, the continuous growth of the types and quantity of medical equipment has caused considerable difficulties in the management of hospital equipment. In order to improve the efficiency of medical equipment management in hospital, based on cloud computing and the Internet of Things, this paper develops a comprehensive management system of medical equipment and uses the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and chicken swarm algorithm to help the system reasonably achieve dynamic task scheduling. The purpose of this paper is to develop a comprehensive intelligent management system to master the procurement, maintenance, and use of all medical equipment in the hospital, so as to maximize the scientific management of medical equipment in the hospital. Scientific Management. It is very necessary to develop a preventive maintenance plan for medical equipment. From the experimental data, it can be seen that when the system simultaneously accesses 100 simulated users online, the corresponding time for submitting the equipment maintenance application form is 1228 ms, and the accuracy rate is 99.8%. When there are 1000 simulated online users, the corresponding time for submitting the equipment maintenance application form is 5123 ms, and the correct rate is 99.4%. On the whole, the medical equipment management information system has excellent performance in stress testing. It not only predicts the initial performance requirements, but also provides a large amount of data support for equipment management and maintenance.
A PSO-CVX Algorithm of Sum and Difference Beam Patterns for Time-Modulated Antenna Array
Authors: Dong Xikuan , Li Hailin , Tan Jing , Hu Jiawen , Jiang Yachao
Published: March 2021

An integrated optimization of sum and difference beam for time-modulated linear antenna array is studied in this paper. The goal of sum and difference beam synthesis is to generate sum beam in the main band and difference beams in the first-order sideband with low side-lobe level through timing switches. The turn-on times of antenna array are achieved by solving a quadratic constraint linear programming; meanwhile, the opening times are optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results of linear array show that the sum and difference beam can be scanned within

±
40

degrees, with lower peak side-lobe level.
Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Composite Double‐Plate Structure System with Elastic Constraints Based on Improved Fourier Series Method
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shi Dongyan , He Dongze , Shao Dong
Published: March 2021

An analytical model of laminated composite double‐plate system (LCDPS) is established, which efficiently analyzes the common 3D plate structure in engineering applications. The proposed model combines the first‐order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the classical delamination theory, and then the LCDPS’s vibration characteristics are investigated. In the process of analysis, the improved Fourier series method (IFSM) is used to describe the displacement admissible function of the LCDPS, which can remove the potential discontinuities at the boundaries. Five sets of artificial springs are introduced to simulate the elastic boundary constraints, and the restraints of the Winkler elastic layer can be adjustable. The improved Fourier series is substituted into the governing equations and boundary conditions; then, applying the Rayleigh–Ritz method, we take all the series expansion coefficients as the generalized coordinates. After that, a set of standard linear algebraic equations was obtained. On this basis, the natural frequency and mode shapes of the LCDPS can be obtained by solving the standard eigenvalue problem. By the discussion of numerical examples and the comparison with those of the reports in the literature, the convergence and the reliability of the present approach are validated. Finally, the parametric investigations of the free vibration with complex boundary conditions are carried out, including the influence of boundary conditions, lamination scheme, plate geometric parameters, and elastic coefficient between two plates.
Efficacy and Safety of Pramipexole Sustained Release versus Immediate Release Formulation for Nocturnal Symptoms in Chinese Patients with Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zhou Haiyan , Li Shuhua , Yu Hongmei , Sun Shenggang , Wan Xinhua , Zhu Xiaodong , Liu Chun-Feng , Chen Ling , Xiang Wei , Sun Yaqing , Chen Haibo , Chen Shengdi
Published: March 2021

Objective. To explore the efficacy and safety of pramipexole sustained release (SR) versus pramipexole immediate release (IR) in treating nocturnal symptoms in levodopa-treated Chinese patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) and sleep disturbances. Method. SUSTAIN was an open-label, randomised, active-controlled parallel group exploratory pilot study (NCT03521635). A total of 98 patients were randomly allocated (1 : 1) to either pramipexole SR (n = 49) or pramipexole IR (n = 49) groups. The primary endpoint was a change from baseline in PD Sleep Scale 2nd version (PDSS-2) total score at 18 weeks. A reduction in score represents improvement. Secondary endpoints included Nocturnal Hypokinesia Questionnaire, Scales for Outcomes in PD Sleep Scale, Early Morning Off (EMO), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, PD Questionnaire-8, and responder rates as measured by PDSS-2 total score (<18), EMO scores (≥1 point change), Clinical Global Impression Improvement scale, and Patient Global Impression-Improvement scale. Other endpoints included motor complications (MDS-UPDRS part IV) score. Adverse events were evaluated for each group. Results. The mean pramipexole dose for both groups was 1.5 mg/day at week 18, and the mean changes in PDSS-2 total score for pramipexole SR and IR were –13.7 (95% CI –16.0 to –11.4) and –14.4 (–16.8 to –12.0) (difference of 0.7;

p
=
0.688

). Change from baseline for both groups achieved the minimal clinical important difference threshold (MCID = –3.44). No significant difference was observed in change from baseline for other measures of sleep-related disturbances or responder rates. For motor complications, a greater improvement in MDS-UPDRS part IV score was observed in pramipexole SR over IR (–3.4 vs –2.3; treatment group difference: –1.1;

p
=
0.036

). Both groups had comparable safety profiles. Conclusion. In Chinese patients with advanced PD and sleep disturbances, pramipexole SR and IR have similar benefits in the treatment of nocturnal symptoms and safety, and an improvement from baseline in nocturnal symptoms was observed regardless of pramipexole formulation.
Bouncing Cosmology in
f

G
,
T

Gravity with Logarithmic Trace Term
Authors: Shamir M. Farasat
Published: March 2021

This study is devoted to explore bouncing cosmology in the context of

f

G
,
T

theory of gravity. For this purpose, a Gauss–Bonnet cosmological model with logarithmic trace term is considered. In particular, the possibility of obtaining bouncing solutions by considering two equations of state parameters is investigated. A graphical analysis is provided for analyzing the obtained bouncing solutions. The energy conditions are discussed in detail. It is interesting to notice that null and strong energy conditions are violated near the neighborhood of bouncing points justifying the accelerating universe in the light of the recent observational data. The behavior of the scale factor, red shift function, deceleration parameter, and Hubble parameter is also debated. An important feature of the current study is the discussion of conservation equation in

f

G
,
T

gravity. The possibility of some suitable constraint equations which recover the standard conservation equation is discussed, and all the free parameters are assumed accordingly. All the results in this study suggest that the proposed

f

G
,
T

gravity model provides good bouncing solutions with the chosen EoS parameters.
Shared Neural Circuits for Visuospatial Working Memory and Arithmetic in Children and Adults
Authors: Matejko Anna A. , Ansari Daniel
Published: March 2021

Visuospatial working memory (VSWM) plays an important role in arithmetic problem solving, and the relationship between these two skills is thought to change over development. Even though neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that VSWM and arithmetic both recruit frontoparietal networks, inferences about common neural substrates have largely been made by comparisons across studies. Little work has examined how brain activation for VSWM and arithmetic converge within the same participants and whether there are age-related changes in the overlap of these neural networks. In this study, we examined how brain activity for VSWM and arithmetic overlap in 38 children and 26 adults. Although both children and adults recruited the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) for VSWM and arithmetic, children showed more focal activation within the right IPS, whereas adults recruited the bilateral IPS, superior frontal sulcus/middle frontal gyrus, and right insula. A comparison of the two groups revealed that adults recruited a more left-lateralized network of frontoparietal regions for VSWM and arithmetic compared with children. Together, these findings suggest possible neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the strong relationship between VSWM and arithmetic and provide evidence that the association between VSWM and arithmetic networks changes with age.
Retrosplenial Cortical Connectivity with Frontal Basal Ganglia Networks
Authors: Monko Megan E. , Heilbronner Sarah R.
Published: March 2021

Previous studies of the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) have focused on its role in navigation and memory, consistent with its well-established medial temporal connections, but recent evidence also suggests a role for this region in reward and decision making. Because function is determined largely by anatomical connections, and to better understand the anatomy of RSC, we used tract-tracing methods to examine the anatomical connectivity between the rat RSC and frontostriatal networks (canonical reward and decision-making circuits). We find that, among frontal cortical regions, RSC bidirectionally connects most strongly with the anterior cingulate cortex, but also with an area of the central–medial orbito-frontal cortex. RSC projects to the dorsomedial striatum, and its terminal fields are virtually encompassed by the frontal-striatal projection zone, suggestive of functional convergence through the basal ganglia. This overlap is driven by anterior cingulate cortex, prelimbic cortex, and orbito-frontal cortex, all of which contribute to goal-directed decision making, suggesting that the RSC is involved in similar processes.
The Neural Codes Underlying Internally Generated Representations in Visual Working Memory
Authors: Yu Qing , Postle Bradley R.
Published: March 2021

Humans can construct rich subjective experience even when no information is available in the external world. Here, we investigated the neural representation of purely internally generated stimulus-like information during visual working memory. Participants performed delayed recall of oriented gratings embedded in noise with varying contrast during fMRI scanning. Their trialwise behavioral responses provided an estimate of their mental representation of the to-be-reported orientation. We used multivariate inverted encoding models to reconstruct the neural representations of orientation in reference to the response. We found that response orientation could be successfully reconstructed from activity in early visual cortex, even on 0% contrast trials when no orientation information was actually presented, suggesting the existence of a purely internally generated neural code in early visual cortex. In addition, cross-generalization and multidimensional scaling analyses demonstrated that information derived from internal sources was represented differently from typical working memory representations, which receive influences from both external and internal sources. Similar results were also observed in intraparietal sulcus, with slightly different cross-generalization patterns. These results suggest a potential mechanism for how externally driven and internally generated information is maintained in working memory.
Wood anatomy, fire wounds and dendrochronological potential of Prosopis pugionata Burkart (Fabaceae) in arid Argentine Chaco
Authors: Bravo Sandra , Bogino Stella , Leiva Marta , Lepiscopo Martín , Cendoya María Alicia , Kunst Carlos , Biurrun Fernando
Published: March 2021

Prosopis pugionata (Fabaceae) is a halophyte tree species that grows exclusively in Argentina’s arid environments, whose woodlands are mainly affected by fires and overgrazing. Here, we describe the wood anatomy and fire wounds of P. pugionata and their relationship with plant size and bark thickness. Besides, we attempt to determine the potential of P. pugionata for dendrochronological studies in order to date fire events throughout time. We tested the hypothesis that P. pugionataforms datable fire wounds, allowing its use for dendrochronological studies. The study area is located in the arid Argentine Chaco region. Seventeen individuals, varying from 15 to 65 years of age, were randomly sampled and bole disks were taken at 0.3, 1.3 and 2.3 m high. P. pugionatais a diffuse and semi-ring-porous hardwood species with growth rings delimited by marginal parenchyma bands. The bark is longitudinally fissured, with an average thickness of 0.19 cm, and a scarce increase with age. Seventy-seven percent of the samples showed fire wounds (). We identified fire scars (70%) and marks (30%), and differentiated them by wood growth interruption in the former. Sixty-one percent of fire wounds affected less than 20% of the cambial perimeter and there were no significant effects of age, bole diameter, bole height and bark thickness on the cambial damage percentage. After cross-dating, P. pugionata showed a mean correlation value between series of 0.5, which represents an accurate potential for dendrochronological studies. Twenty wildfires were dated from 1943 to 2007 in the study area with a fire frequency of 0.40 fires/year and a mean fire interval of 2.5 years. Wildfires frequency increased from 1980 to 0.48 fires/year and a mean fire interval of 2 years. Our results indicate that P. pugionata has the potential to date fires, considering its potential for dendrochronological studies, its ability to survive recurrent fires and forms identifiable wound scars in the wood.
Spinipterus, a new genus of small, spiny catfish (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: AKAMA ALBERTO , FERRARIS, JR. CARL J.
Published: March 2021

A new species of small auchenipterid catfish is described based on a single specimen from the Amazon basin and is placed into a new genus. Spinipterus, new genus, is diagnosed by the following striking autapomorphic features: pectoral and dorsal-fin spines with four prominent rows of serrations; lateral margin of the skull roofing bones ornamented with a single row of spines; size reduction of hipurals; elongation and angle of posterior cleithral process; and adducted dorsal fin rests into a mid-dorsal groove. The new genus also differs from most other auchenipterid genera by having lower counts for some fin rays. Current diagnoses of auchenipterid genera do not allow us to place the new species into any genus, which requires us to propose the new genus Spinipterus.
Graphene: Insights on Biological, Radiochemical and Ecotoxicological Aspects
Authors: Haixia Xing , de Barros Aline Oliveira da Silva , e Mello Francisco do Vale Chaves , Sozzi-Guo Fan , Müller Cristina , Gemini-Piperni Sara , Alencar Luciana Magalhães Rebelo , Maia Francisco Franciné , Freire Valder Nogueira , de Menezes Frederico Duarte , Aran Veronica , Devalle Sylvie , Moura-Neto Vivaldo , Ricci-Junior Eduardo , Bouskela Eliete , Pikula Konstantin , Golokhvast Kirill , Santos-Oliveira Ralph
Published: March 2021

Graphene, including graphene quantum dots, its oxide and unoxidized forms (pure graphene) have several properties, like fluorescence, electrical conductivity, theoretical surface area, low toxicity, and high biocompatibility. In this study, we evaluated genotoxicity (in silico
analysis using the functional density theory-FDT), cytotoxicity (human glioblastoma cell line), in vivo pharmacokinetics, in vivo impact on microcirculation and cell internalization assay. It was also radiolabeled with lutetium 177 (177Lu), a beta emitter radioisotope to explore
its therapeutic use as nanodrug. Finally, the impact of its disposal in the environment was analyzed using ecotoxicological evaluation. FDT analysis demonstrated that graphene can construct covalent and non-covalent bonds with different nucleobases, and graphene oxide is responsible for generation
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), corroborating its genotoxicity. On the other hand, non-cytotoxic effect on glioblastoma cells could be demonstrated. The pharmacokinetics analysis showed high plasmatic concentration and clearance. Topical application of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg of graphene nanoparticles
on the hamster skinfold preparation did not show inflammatory effect. The cell internalization assay showed that 1-hour post contact with cells, graphene can cross the plasmatic membrane and accumulate in the cytoplasm. Radio labeling with 177Lu is possible and its use as therapeutic nanosystem
is viable. Finally, the ecotoxicity analysis showed that A. silina exposed to graphene showed pronounced uptake and absorption in the nauplii gut and formation of ROS. The data obtained showed that although being formed exclusively of carbon and carbon-oxygen, graphene and graphene
oxide respectively generate somewhat contradictory results and more studies should be performed to certify the safety use of this nanoplatform.
Oxaliplatin and Gedatolisib (PKI-587) Co-Loaded Hollow Polydopamine Nano-Shells with Simultaneous Upstream and Downstream Action to Re-Sensitize Drugs-Resistant Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yin-Ci , Wu Cheng-Guang , Li A-Min , Liang Yong , Ma Dong , Tang Xiao-Long
Published: March 2021

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key to the ineffectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) chemotherapy. Oxaliplatin (OXA), as one of the first-line chemotherapeutic drugs for HCC, abnormally activates the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and DNA damage repair pathway (NHEJ and HR),
causing drug resistance and consequnet compromised efficacy. Herein, we developed a hollow polydopamine nanoparticle (H-PDA)-based nano-delivery system (O/P-HP) that contained OXA and a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PKI-587 with complementary effects for combating drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy.
The hollow structure of H-PDA endowed O/P-HP with high loading efficiencies of OXA and PKI-587–up to 49.6% and 7.0%, respectively. In addition, benefiting from the intracellular delivery of H-PDA as well as the highly concentrated drugs therein, O/P-HP inhibited the proliferation of
OXA-resistant HR cells, resulting in a cell viability of only 17.63%. These values were significantly superior to those with OXA single-agent treatment and treatment with free OXA in combination with PKI-587. We examined the intrinsic mechanisms of the combination therapy: O/PHP
had excellent anti-cancer effects via the simultaneous upstream and downstream action to re-sensitize HR cells to chemotherapy; OXA induced strong apoptosis via the direct platinum lesions on DNA molecules, while PKI-587 normalized the abnormally activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling
pathway and DNA damage repair pathway (NHEJ and HR) that could attenuate the effectiveness of OXA, thus resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and DNA repair enzyme activity and the augment of apoptotic effects. Such combination therapy, with simultaneous upstream and downstream
action, may be a strategy for minimizing resistance for anti-cancer treatments.
Hierarchical Microstructure Tailoring of Pure Titanium for Enhancing Cellular Response at Tissue-Implant Interface
Authors: Attarilar Shokouh , Djavanroodi Faramarz , Ebrahimi Mahmoud , Al-Fadhalah Khaled J. , Wang Liqiang , Mozafari Masoud
Published: March 2021

The main goal of this research is to scrutinize the effect of texture and grain size on the biological response of hierarchical structured pure titanium (Ti), examining the interrelation between grain refinement mechanisms with texture variation. The hierarchical structure was produced
using two methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD). The Ti specimens were first processed up to six passes by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and subsequently treated at the top surface using surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT). Microstructure examination by Electron backscatter
diffraction (EBSD) indicates that the SMAT-treated surface was categorized into three distinct microstructural regions based on the type of grain refinement process involved during SPD: twin induced dynamic recrystallization (TDRX) and geometric dynamic recrystallization (GDRX) in the topmost
surface, and continuous (CDRX) and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX) in the lower regions of the sample. The biological experiments showed meaningful improvement in the cellular response of SMATed and ECAPed samples. It was demonstrated that grain refinement could have the capability
of improving the biological response of Ti surface. In this regard, SMATed + 2ECAPed sample showed the best result although it has not the smallest grain size and the highest texture intensity. It was observed that texture and grain orientation of planes have an important impact on the biological
response of pure Ti and dominance of prismatic (1010) texture can improve the cell viability, adhesion and its differentiation. Therefore, microstructure and texture tailoring through combined SPD methods could be a promising strategy for the improvement of the next generation of medical implants.
Optimizing Resource Utilization Through Offloading of Jobs in Mobile Devices Using Modified LSTM Algorithm
Authors: Joe I. R. Praveen , Rebecca Elizabeth Rosalind , Arthi D.
Published: March 2021

Portable cloud processing has picked up notoriety as of late in light of less force utilization and overhead of cell phones. Versatile cloud registering based wellbeing observing, gaming, learning, and business are picking up significance step by step. This part talks about the unrest
of portable cloud processing including its design, points of interest, and applications. Different issues of versatile cloud registering are concentrated with arrangements. Towards the examination of these huge volumes of information, huge information and information investigation have become
developing exploration fields, pulling in the consideration of the scholarly community, industry and governments. Scientists, business people, chiefs and issue solvers see ‘large information’ as the apparatus to reform different enterprises and areas, for example, business, medicinal
services, retail, research, instruction and open organization. Offloading alludes to a process where information stockpiling, calculations and computations are executed in a remote cloud rather than mobile device. Thusly, the energy consumed by the gadget is expanded just as the troubles of
capacity and asset constraints are expelled. Right now, have talked about on offloading with its applications toward vitality effectiveness.
An Improved Link Stability Based on Swift Exploring Packet Ratio Using Expected Time Matrix in Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Bharathi L. , Sangeethapriya N. , Sanjay S. Dola , Durgaprasad R. , Lavanya Y.
Published: March 2021

Wireless sensor networks become the integral part of network data transmission, to monitor information from a complex geographic range link may be failure due to transmission ratio. Expecting Power Saving, such a sensor network that has gained poor efficiency for the link broken, communication designed to be placed in a risk and non-access area, with wireless sensor networks playing an important in channel communication as stability of power. The Origin Challenge begins with a worm entering the wireless network to stabilize the link. The worm spreads to the entire network for infection in the link terminal. Mostly adjacent node as the affected nodes is rapidly blocked, and not infected. The target position is to route the target link when packets flow ground access to monitoring region is blocked, a solution is to send, the remote sensor. To propose an efficient method of Link stability based on swift exploring packet ratio using expected time matrix in wireless sensor network (SEPR-ETC). Improvement of the target coverage probability should be accomplished by accurate sensor arrangement, loss of large gait link density in the drop zone improved by estimating. The data collected from the sensors are sent to the central node for processing to cover the need to be constantly operated the communication Link. Swift state use the packet flow to monitor the network resources through good cooperative communication to reduce the amount of data that needs to be transmitted collectively, while the wireless sensor networks are in the industry to reduce bit energy consumption. The proposed SEPR-ETC model provides an advanced technique for controlling link exploring transmission compared to the existing model.
Effect of Biologically-Relevant Molecules on the Physico-Chemical Properties of Amorphous Magnesium–Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
Authors: Gelli Rita , Salvestrini Serena , Ridi Francesca
Published: March 2021

The recently-discovered endogenous formation of amorphous magnesium–calcium phosphate nanoparticles (AMCPs) in human distal small intestine occurs in a complex environment, which is rich in biologically-relevant molecules and macromolecules that can shape the properties and the
stability of these inorganic particles. In this work, we selected as case studies four diverse molecules, which have different properties and are representative of intestinal luminal components, namely butyric acid, lactose, gluten and peptidoglycan. We prepared AMCPs in the presence of these
four additives and we investigated their effect on the features of the particles in terms of morphology, porosity, chemical nature and incorporation/adsorption. The combined use of electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis showed that while the morphology and microstructure
of the particles do not depend on the type of additive present during the synthesis, AMCPs are able to incorporate a significant amount of peptidoglycan, similarly to the process in which they are involved in vivo.
Proniosomal Formulation Encapsulating Pomegranate Peel Extract for Nutraceutical Applications
Authors: Shaghayegh Alavi Seyedeh , Hadi Razavi Seyed , Khodaiyan Faramarz , Cristina Cardia Maria , Lai Francesco , Valenti Donatella , Pini Elena , Rosa Antonella , Nieddu Mariella , Fadda Anna Maria
Published: March 2021

In this study, pomegranate peel as a traditional natural remedy was extracted and encapsulated in proniosomal systems in order to improve its stability against harsh environmental conditions. Pomegranate peel was extracted by using sonication as a green extraction technology and the
antioxidant activity of the obtained extract was evaluated to be 85.37% by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Proniosomal powder was prepared based on the slurry method with a mixture of non-ionic surfactants namely span 60 and tween 20 in combination with cholesterol as a bilayer
stabilizer. Proniosome-derived niosomes were achieved by hydration of the powder with water. The obtained vesicles were evaluated for their particle size, morphological observations, entrapment efficiency, cytotoxicity assay, DPPH antioxidant activity and, physical stability at 4 °C for
28 days. The results demonstrated that the proniosome-derived niosomes were of small size (198.16 nm for unloaded and 411.3 for extract loaded), quite homogeneous (PDI = 0.188 for unloaded and 0.216 for loaded) with highly negative charged spherical vesicles and showed appropriate physical
stability during the time of storage. The encapsulation efficiency was 68.43±0.24% and the cytotoxicity assay proved that the formulations were not toxic against 3T3 fibroblast cells in the applied concentration.
Recent Advances in the Development of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Monteserín Maria , Larumbe Silvia , Martínez Alejandro V. , Burgui Saioa , Francisco Martín L.
Published: March 2021

The unique properties of magnetic nanoparticles have led them to be considered materials with significant potential in the biomedical field. Nanometric size, high surface-area ratio, ability to function at molecular level, exceptional magnetic and physicochemical properties, and more importantly, the relatively easy tailoring of all these properties to the specific requirements of the different biomedical applications, are some of the key factors of their success. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the state of the art of different aspects of magnetic nanoparticles, specially focusing on their use in biomedicine. We will explore their magnetic properties, synthetic methods and surface modifications, as well as their most significative physicochemical properties and their impact on thein vivobehaviour of these particles. Furthermore, we will provide a background on different applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine, such as magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia, imaging contrast agents or theranostics. Besides, current limitations and challenges of these materials, as well as their future prospects in the biomedical field will be discussed.
Improvement of Indirect X-ray Detector Performance by Applying Additive Solvent to the Organic Active-Layer
Authors: Won Jongkyu , Liu Hailiang , Kang Jungwon
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we studied how the sensitivity of an indirect X-ray detector was changed by adding the additive solvent DIO to the organic active-layers, such as P3HT:PCBM and PBDB-T:PCBM. The crystallinity and absorbance of the active-layer films were compared with different additive
DIO contents. In both active-layers, the highest crystallinity and absorbance were obtained when 3 v% of the DIO was mixed with the active-layer solution. At the same mixing condition of the DIO, the highest sensitivity, of 1.17 mA/Gy · cm2, was obtained for the P3HT:PCBM
detector, and the highest sensitivity, 1.87 mA/Gy · cm2, was obtained for the PBDB-T:PCBM detector. Compared to the detector without the DIO, the sensitivities of the detectors with the P3HT:PCBM and PBDB-T:PCBM increased by 18.12% and 20.27%, respectively.
Polydopamine-Based Surface Modification of Chlorella Microspheres for Multiple Environmental Applications
Authors: Pan Sihao , Huang Guanhua , Ding Hui , Wang Ke , Wang Hong
Published: March 2021

Towards addressing water pollution issues, the development of multifunctional chlorella with applications ranging from sensing pollutants to heavy metal and oil removal is described. The use of chlorella cells, which are widely abundant natural structures, leads to simple and low-cost
mass production of effective functional materials. Bioinspired surface modification approaches mediated by polydopamine can endow chlorella with enhanced adsorption capacity for heavy metals, as well as superhydrophobic, fluorescence and magnetic properties according to the desired application.
The resulting chlorella exhibits excellent heavy metal and oil removal ability, while magnetic propulsion and guidance allow directional motion over long distances for implementation in situ removal. Moreover, it is further demonstrated that chlorella can be used as a biosensor to detect metal
ions by taking advantage of the fluorescence properties of carbon dots. Such use of chlorella provides a new way for the large-scale production of functional materials to tackle water pollution.
Diurnal Cycle of Coastal Convection in the South China Sea Region and Modulation by the BSISO
Authors: Xu Weixin , Rutledge Steven A. , Chudler Kyle
Published: March 2021

Using 17-yr spaceborne precipitation radar measurements, this study investigates how diurnal cycles of rainfall and convective characteristics over the South China Sea region are modulated by the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO). Generally, diurnal cycles change significantly between suppressed and active BSISO periods. Over the Philippines and Indochina, where the low-level monsoon flows impinge on coast lines, diurnal cycles of rainfall and many convective properties are enhanced during suppressed periods. During active periods, diurnal variation of convection is still significant over land but diminishes over water. Also, afternoon peaks of rainfall and MCS populations over land are obviously extended in active periods, mainly through the enhancement of stratiform precipitation. Over Borneo, where the prevailing low-level winds are parallel to coasts, diurnal cycles (both onshore and offshore) are actually stronger during active periods. Radar profiles also demonstrate a pronounced nocturnal offshore propagation of deep convection over western Borneo in active periods. During suppressed periods, coastal afternoon convection over Borneo is reduced, and peak convection occurs over the mountains until the convective suppression is overcome in the late afternoon or evening. A major portion (>70%) of the total precipitation over the Philippines and Indochina during suppressed periods falls from afternoon isolated to medium-sized systems (<10 000 km2), but more than 70% of the active BSISO rainfall is contributed by nocturnal (after 1800 LT) broad precipitation systems (>10 000 km2). However, offshore total precipitation is dominated by large precipitation systems (>10 000 km2) regardless of BSISO phases and regions.
Arctic Cyclone Activity and the Beaufort High
Authors: Kenigson Jessica S. , Timmermans M.-L.
Published: March 2021

The Beaufort high (BH) and its accompanying anticyclonic winds drive the Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre, the major freshwater reservoir of the Arctic Ocean. The Beaufort Gyre circulation and its capacity to accumulate or release freshwater rely on the BH intensity. The migration of Nordic seas cyclones into the Arctic has been hypothesized to moderate the strength of the BH. We explore this hypothesis by analyzing reanalysis sea level pressure fields to characterize the BH and identify and track cyclones north of 60°N during 1948–2019. A cluster analysis of Nordic seas cyclone trajectories reveals a western pathway (through the Arctic interior) associated with a relatively weak BH and an eastern pathway (along the Arctic periphery) associated with a relatively strong BH. Furthermore, we construct cyclone activity indices (CAIs) in the Arctic and Nordic seas that take into account multiple cyclone parameters (number, strength, and duration). There are significant correlations between the BH and the CAIs in the Arctic and Nordic seas during 1948–2019, with anomalously strong cyclone activity related to an anomalously weak BH, and vice versa. We show how the Arctic and Nordic seas CAIs experienced a regime shift toward increased cyclone activity between the first four decades analyzed (1948–88) and the most recent three decades (1989–2019). Over the same two time periods, the BH exhibits a weakening. Increased cyclone activity and an accompanying weakening of the BH may be consistent with expectations in a warming Arctic and have implications for Beaufort Gyre dynamics and freshwater.
Examining Trauma and Crime by Gender and Sexual Orientation among Youth: Findings from the Add Health National Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yun Jinhee , Fukushima-Tedor Miyuki , Mallett Christopher A. , Quinn Matthias I. , Quinn Linda M.
Published: March 2021

LGBTQ youth, and in particular those of color, are significantly more at risk for experiencing trauma at home and in their community, having school difficulties including bullying and suspensions, and subsequently being involved with the juvenile and criminal justice systems. Research is limited in understanding the pathways these young people take toward youthful and young adult offending and incarceration. The national longitudinal Add Health study data were used to explain how trauma, sexual orientation (gay, bisexual), school experiences, gender, and race impacted juvenile and adult criminal activity and incarceration—looking at a trauma-delinquency-crime link. It was found that females were more likely to experience childhood trauma if they were a person of color, poor, or bisexual; and these traumatic childhood experiences were all direct predictors of adult criminal activity, as was being bisexual or gay. While males were more likely to experience childhood trauma if they were a person of color or poor, but not if they were bisexual or gay, and these traumatic experiences and being bisexual (though not gay) also predicted juvenile delinquency, adult criminal activity, and adult incarceration. Implications and discussion of these and other researcher’s findings are set forth, as well as recommendations.
Frequent and Persistent Salivary Gland Ectasia and Oral Disease After COVID-19
Authors: Gherlone E.F. , Polizzi E. , Tetè G. , De Lorenzo R. , Magnaghi C. , Rovere Querini P. , Ciceri F.
Published: March 2021

The clinical picture of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in various target organs has been extensively studied and described. However, relatively little is known about the characteristics of oral cavity involvement. This is surprising, considering that oral mucosal and salivary gland cells are known targets for the direct replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and that the presence of the virus in saliva is a source of transmission of the infection. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence and prevalence of oral manifestations in COVID-19 survivors. We profiled the oral involvement in 122 COVID-19 survivors that were hospitalized and followed up at a single-referral university hospital in Milan, Italy, between July 23, 2020 and September 7, 2020, after a median (interquartile range) time from hospital discharge of 104 (95 to 132) d. We found that oral manifestations, specifically salivary gland ectasia, were unexpectedly common, with oral manifestations being detected in 83.9% while salivary gland ectasia in 43% of COVID-19 survivors. Salivary gland ectasia reflected the hyperinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2, as demonstrated by the significant relationship with C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at hospital admission, and with the use of antibiotics during acute disease. Both LDH levels and antibiotic administration survived as independent predictors of salivary gland ectasia at multivariable analysis. Temporomandibular joint abnormalities, facial pain, and masticatory muscle weakness were also common. Overall, this retrospective and prospective cohort study of COVID-19 survivors revealed that residual damage of the oral cavity persists in the vast majority of patients far beyond clinical recovery, and suggests that the oral cavity represents a preferential target for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are needed to clarify the connection between SARS-CoV-2 infection and oral disorders.
Better Reporting of Studies on Artificial Intelligence: CONSORT-AI and Beyond
Authors: Schwendicke F. , Krois J.
Published: March 2021

An increasing number of studies on artificial intelligence (AI) are published in the dental and oral sciences. The reporting, but also further aspects of these studies, suffer from a range of limitations. Standards towards reporting, like the recently published Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)-AI extension can help to improve studies in this emerging field, and the Journal of Dental Research (JDR) encourages authors, reviewers, and readers to adhere to these standards. Notably, though, a wide range of aspects beyond reporting, located along various steps of the AI lifecycle, should be considered when conceiving, conducting, reporting, or evaluating studies on AI in dentistry.
A new control approach for a class of linear switched systems with time-varying delay
Authors: Zabihi Zonouz Abbas , Badamchizadeh Mohammad Ali , Ghiasi Amir Rikhtehgar
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a new method for designing controller for linear switching systems with varying delay is presented concerning the Hurwitz-Convex combination. For stability analysis the Lyapunov-Krasovskii function is used. The stability analysis results are given based on the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and it is possible to obtain upper delay bound that guarantees the stability of system by solving the linear matrix inequalities. Compared with the other methods, the proposed controller can be used to get a less conservative criterion and ensures the stability of linear switching systems with time-varying delay in which delay has way larger upper bound in comparison with the delay bounds that are considered in other methods. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method.
HistoNet: A Deep Learning-Based Model of Normal Histology
Authors: Hoefling Holger , Sing Tobias , Hossain Imtiaz , Boisclair Julie , Doelemeyer Arno , Flandre Thierry , Piaia Alessandro , Romanet Vincent , Santarossa Gianluca , Saravanan Chandrassegar , Sutter Esther , Turner Oliver , Wuersch Kuno , Moulin Pierre
Published: March 2021

We introduce HistoNet, a deep neural network trained on normal tissue. On 1690 slides with rat tissue samples from 6 preclinical toxicology studies, tissue regions were outlined and annotated by pathologists into 46 different tissue classes. From these annotated regions, we sampled small 224 × 224 pixels images (patches) at 6 different levels of magnification. Using 4 studies as training set and 2 studies as test set, we trained VGG-16, ResNet-50, and Inception-v3 networks separately at each magnification level. Among these model architectures, Inception-v3 and ResNet-50 outperformed VGG-16. Inception-v3 identified the tissue from query images, with an accuracy up to 83.4%. Most misclassifications occurred between histologically similar tissues. Investigation of the features learned by the model (embedding layer) using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection revealed not only coherent clusters associated with the individual tissues but also subclusters corresponding to histologically meaningful structures that had not been annotated or trained for. This suggests that the histological representation learned by HistoNet could be useful as the basis of other machine learning algorithms and data mining. Finally, we found that models trained on rat tissues can be used on non-human primate and minipig tissues with minimal retraining.
Investigating the impact of partner phubbing on romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction: The moderating role of attachment anxiety
Authors: David Meredith E. , Roberts James A.
Published: March 2021

The ubiquitous and omnipresent smartphone has dramatically altered how people communicate. The present research investigates how partner phubbing (phone snubbing) among romantic partners impacts relationship satisfaction. Study 1 experimentally manipulates partner phubbing and finds it drives romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction. Study 2 uses an alternative manipulation of partner phubbing and explores the moderating role of interpersonal attachment anxiety in the relationship between partner phubbing, romantic jealousy, and relationship satisfaction. Study 2 finds that partner phubbing and attachment anxiety have an interactive effect on jealousy, which then leads to relationship satisfaction. Study 3 employs a survey and finds that partner phubbing has downstream negative effects on well-being through romantic jealousy, but only among anxiously attached individuals. The heavy use of technology, especially smartphones, in the presence of one’s romantic partner, and the negative outcomes associated with partner phubbing, establishes the importance of research in this area. Directions for future research and study limitations are discussed.
Support in response to a spouse’s distress: Comparing women and men in same-sex and different-sex marriages
Authors: Thomeer Mieke Beth , Pollitt Amanda M. , Umberson Debra
Published: March 2021

Support for a spouse with psychological distress can be expressed in many different ways. Previous research indicates that support expression is shaped by gender, but we do not know much about how support within marriage is provided in response to a spouse’s distress outside of a different-sex couple context. In this study, we analyze dyadic data from 378 midlife married couples (35–65 years; N = 756 individuals) within the U.S. to examine how men and women in same- and different-sex relationships provide support when they perceive that their spouse is experiencing distress. We find women in different-sex couples are less likely to report taking care of their distressed spouse’s tasks or giving their distressed spouse more personal time and space compared to women in same-sex couples and men. We also find that men in different-sex couples are less likely to report encouraging their spouse to talk compared to men in same-sex couples and women. Being personally stressed by a spouse’s distress is positively associated with providing support to that spouse, whereas feeling that a spouse’s distress is stressful for the marriage is negatively associated with providing support. This study advances understanding of gendered provisions of support in response to psychological distress in marriage, moving beyond a framing of women as fundamentally more supportive than men to a consideration of how these dynamics may be different or similar in same- and different-sex marital contexts.