bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Kelembagaan Pendidikan Islam Multikultural Melalui Spirit Entrepreneur Santri (Studi Etnografi di Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh Malang)
Authors: Dwi Mariyono , Maskuri Maskuri
Published: March 2023

Maksud yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan uraian dalam bentuk deskriptif dan menganalisis serta memberikan interpretasi pada cakupan: 1. Pengembangan kelembagaan PPBM (Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh) Malang melalui spirit entrepreneur santri, 2. Proses pelaksanaan pengembangan kelembagaan pondok pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh Malang melalui spirit entrepreneur santri, dan 3. Model pengembangan kelembagaan pondok pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh sekolah melalui spirit entrepreneur santri. Pendekatan yang peneliti terapkan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan paradigma etnografi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan telaah dokumen, dengar pendapat (wawancara), pengamatan (observasi) dan diskusi kelompok. Model Interaktif Huberman dan Saldana (2014), yang mengaplikasikan dalam 4 (empat) tahapan analisis data, peneliti gunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pengumpulan data, display data, penyajian data, dan penggambaran/peninjauan inklusif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1. Pengembangan kelembagaan PPBM (Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh) Malang dilandasi nilai ta’aruf (saling mengenal, memahami), tawasuth (lurus pada tujuan), tasamuh (ramah dan terbuka), ta'awun (saling membutuhkan), tawazun (seimbang dalam segala aspek) sebagai kewirausahaan para santri. 2. Proses pelaksanaan pembangunan berbasis skala mempertahankan sikap Shidiq, Amanah, Tabligh dan Fathonah sebagai standar etika yang tinggi bagi pengusaha. 3. Model pengembangan kelembagaan di pondok pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh Malang memilih Ostrom (2005), Hess dan Ostrom (2007) dan Heywood, Stephan dan Garner (2017) sebagai konteks teoritis APK yang nampak begitu dinamis. Menurut analisis penulis, dasar pengembangan kelembagaan pondok pesantren muncul dari sikap dasar progresif, yang senantiasa dilaksanakan secara berkesinambungan melalui kegiatan dan proses berbasis kualitas mutu, yaitu mutu perencanaan, mutu organisasi, mutu pelaksanaan dan mutu pengawasan dengan pelaksanaan yang konkrit, jelas dan terukur. Penerapan pendekatan ilmiah dengan kerangka siklus PDCA: Plan, Do, Control, Act) menempati posisi keharusan dan sangat penting bila ingin nelakukan perbaikan berkelanjutan di lembaga pendidikan, khususnya pondok pesantren.
Economic Problems In Indonesia And Efforts To Solve Them
Authors: Purno Marhaendo
Published: March 2023

Economic problems are one of the problems that arise today in our beloved country. Thus causing a hampering of economic growth. Therefore, the role of the government is very large, where the government is given the widest authority to manage its own government, including economic development based on potential wealth. To carry out this task, the government must play an active role in economic development. The method used in this study is a Qualitative approach. and the type of research is Descriptive. That is to describe the present reality. The results of this study show that the problems faced by the State of Indonesia include: Low economic growth in Indonesia, poverty, unemployment, income gap, foreign debt, budget deficit, industrial incompetence, inability to manage human resources, lack of mastery of science and technology, corruption, food crisis and centralized development. Efforts to overcome economic problems in Indonesia are by means of traditional economic systems, centralized economic systems, market economic systems, mixed economic systems and the implementation of national economic recovery programs by the government.
KONSEP EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM PEMBANGUNAN SUMBERDAYA INSANI TERHADAP EKONOMI BANGSA
Authors: Wiharja Jana , Ramdani Rizqi , Mutiah Ridla
Published: March 2023

Islam merupakan sebuah sistem kehidupan yang universal, terpadu serta menyeluruh yang sudah menciptakan tatanan kehidupan manusia yang sangat sempurna. Sebagai way of life, Islam mengatur segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan, mulai dari hal yang sangat sederhana sampai dengan hal yang paling kompleks, juga dengan kebijakan ekonomi, pendidikan, budaya, dll. Selain itu, penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana ekonomi islam dapat mempengaruhi terhadap pembangunan ekonomi negara, Khususnya di Indonesia yang memiliki basis muslim terbesar di Asia. Nama kajian ini merupakan konsep ekonomi islam dalam pembangunan ekonomi bangsa, bentuk rumusan masalah yang dihadapi dalam kajian adalah 1) konsep dasar ekonomi islam, merupakan sebuah rumusan dari 2) konsep pembangunan ekonomi. Peneliti bertujuan mengkaji dan mempresentasikan sifat dari rumusan masalah. Dalam metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, analisis, dimana penulis mencari sumber-sumber untuk pengamatan langsung terhadap objek penelitian sesuai dengan volume tulisan dan teori yang didukung penulis berdasarkan volume pembahasan. Pada kajian ini peneliti berdasarkan hasil pembahasan yang di buat, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsep ekonomi islam dalam ekonomi nasional sangat penting untuk diterapkan pada permasalahan, tentang kemiskinan, pengangguran, dan kesetaraan di suatu negara.
Effects of Immersive Virtual Reality on Patient Anxiety During Surgery Under Regional Anesthesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Arifin Johan , Mochamat Mochamat , Pramadika Taufan , Paramita Dina , Nurcahyo Widya Istanto
Published: March 2023

Background: Surgery and anesthesia are associated with increased patient anxiety. Perioperative anxiety is a common problem in regional anesthesia procedures and has an extensive impact. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) is a potential non-pharmacological distraction method to reduce anxiety. Immersive virtual reality creates a virtual environment that allows patients to interact and immerse in the virtual world, reducing patient anxiety. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effect of IVR on the anxiety of patients undergoing regional anesthetic surgery. Methods: A total of 30 participants referred to Dr. Kariadi General Hospital (Indonesia) from October 2021 to December 2021 were enrolled in this randomized, single-blind clinical trial. The patients were divided into virtual reality (VR) and control groups (n = 15 in each group). The control group received midazolam (0.02 mg/kg) as premedication. The VR group received an IVR intervention without premedication. The data of anxiety scores were assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 6 (STAI-6). This study also collected vital signs, side effects, and patient and surgeon satisfaction level data. Results: The average anxiety level during surgery in the operating room decreased in both groups (P < 0.05); the VR group had a lower score (P = 0.04). A significant reduction in perioperative anxiety levels was observed in the VR group compared to the control group. The patient satisfaction level was also significantly higher in the VR group than in the control group (P = 0.024). Both groups had no significant difference in monitored vital signs, side effects, and surgeon satisfaction. Conclusions: The IVR intervention could reduce anxiety in patients undergoing surgery under regional anesthesia and improve patient satisfaction.
Three-Dimensional Imaging of Commonly Performed Peripheral Blocks: Using a Handheld Point-of-Care Ultrasound System
Authors: Ramanujam Vendhan , Tian Lee , Chow Clarence , Kendall Mark C.
Published: March 2023

Background: Handheld ultrasound devices have become popular among clinicians due to their affordability and compatibility with tablets and smartphones. Several handheld ultrasound devices have the capability to construct three-dimensional (3D) images using a traditional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound transducer. Objectives: The current study aimed to construct 3D images of common peripheral nerve and fascial plane blocks using a handheld ultrasound device with a 2D ultrasound probe. Methods: A total of 10 patients who were scheduled to receive ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks for outpatient surgery and classified as the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II with a body mass index of ≤ 30 kg/m2 were included in the study. Patients who presented with anatomical variations during the initial ultrasound scanning were excluded. Results: This study successfully constructed 3D images of 10 peripheral nerve blocks. The average time to complete each 3D scan was less than 5 seconds per attempt, with fascial plane blocks requiring twice the amount of time to complete. All the nerve blocks provided effective postoperative analgesia without complications. The 3D images were successfully captured in all patients. Conclusions: The 3D images provide clinicians with valuable information on the anatomical boundaries of the injectate that can further direct needle direction and placement of local anesthetic to achieve visual confidence of anesthetic spread.
Relationship Between the Underlying Factors and the Treatment Results of Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection in Degenerative Knee Disease; A Blinded Randomized Study
Authors: Mardani-Kivi Mohsen , Kazemnejad Leili Ehsan , Esnaashari Somaye , Hashemi-Motlagh Keyvan , Azari Zoleikha
Published: March 2023

Background: To investigate the therapeutic effects of PRP injection + conservative treatment as the intervention group versus normal saline injection + conservative treatment as the control group. Objectives: This study we determined the effects of underlying factors, including age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), on the therapeutic effects of PRP. Methods: In this single-blinded randomized clinical trial, 60 patients with grade 2 knee OA with an age of 40 - 65 years were enrolled. In the intervention group, leukocyte-poor PRP with double spinning, and in the control group, normal saline was injected with a similar protocol. All patients in both groups were also provided with a conservative protocol, including oral celecoxib 100 mg BID for four weeks, modifying physical activity, and 15 sessions of physiotherapy. Results: Demographic characteristics (age, gender, and BMI) and pre-treatment scores were similar between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The WOMAC score was improved from pre-treatment to first week post-treatment in both groups (from 54.89 ± 3.4 to 64.9 ± 3.7 in the intervention group and from 53.7 ± 3.1 to 63.8 ± 3.9 in the control group). It means that PRP + conservative treatment was effective, similar to normal saline + conservative treatment. After adjusting BMI as an underlying variable, it was indicated that in the patients with lower BMI, PRP + conservative provided a better outcome in comparison to saline + conservative treatment (P = 0.014 and P = 0.019, respectively). Also, the comparison of functional scores changes with age as an underlying variable, demonstrating that younger cases obtained a better response from PRP + conservative rather than normal saline + conservative (P = 0.012 and P = 0.007, respectively). Conclusions: PRP seems to be an appropriate choice for treatment of moderate osteoarthritis, especially in younger patients and those with lower BMI.
Actions for Academic Performance Improvement of University Newcomer Students in an Electronics Introductory Subject
Authors: Gasulla Forner Manuel , Jordana Barnils José , Robert Sanxis Francesc Josep
Published: March 2023

The subject Electronics for Telecommunications (ET) is taught in the first semester of the Telecommunications degrees at the Castelldefels School of Telecommunications and Aerospace Engineering (EETAC). The academic performance is relatively low compared to the same course taught in a double degree of Aerospace and Telecommunications, in part justified by the large difference in the university access marks of the students between both degrees. Several actions have been implemented in courses 2019/20 and 2020/21 to address this issue, especially in theory classes where student attendance is lower than in laboratory sessions. Implementation difficulties have arisen because the presence of the COVID pandemic. Even so, performance has greatly increased, especially at the first semester of each academic year. In addition, a student survey shows a good satisfaction with the introduced actions and others in process of introduction or assessment. Some of the actions,
particularly those to be applied in the theory sessions, could be easily extrapolated to other first-semester courses of the degrees.
Co-designing a curriculum for a sober techno- and eco-responsible engineering: transition to a new professional identity for a sustainable world
Authors: Feron Aurelie , Poinsotte Fanny , Jossic Laurent
Published: March 2023

In a finite world whose limits now seem obvious, future engineers are wondering what their profession will become tomorrow. To respond to this strong expectation, the PISTE2 curriculum was opened in September 2021: a full semester in the final year of engineering studies at Grenoble INP-UGA (France). The program was co-designed with the students and the different partners. The objectives are to enable the students to experiment a new posture and to offer them the tools needed to meet the challenges they will face in a world in transition. A systemic, interdisciplinary approach, considering planetary limits and environmental and societal impacts, structures the whole semester. This paper presents and argues the pedagogical design choices. With a view to continuous improvement, the strengths and areas for improvement are described.
Membudayakan Penggunaan Bahasa Arab Pada Siswa di Lingkungan Sekolah SD IT Al-Izzah Sibuhuan Kecamatan Barumun Kabupaten Padang Lawas
Authors: Harahap Nurhalimah , Robiatul Adawiyah Pohan  , Halimah Nasution  , Anita Rahman Hrp
Published: March 2023

This community service activity is realized with a program to use the Arabic language to add insight to students. The activity of using Arabic was carried out in the IT AL-IZZAH Sibuhuan SD school environment, Barumun District, Padang Lawas Regency. The purpose of this activity is to guide students to have good and correct Arabic language skills. The main problem faced by children when they hear Arabic is the paradigm that Arabic is very difficult to understand and learn. This resulted in a decrease in students' interest in learning Arabic so that it could not be applied in everyday life. This service activity is in the form of a language tutoring program that goes according to plan and is carried out for all students. These results were obtained from the direct approach method by introducing Arabic after each sunnah dhuha prayer and zduhur prayer. The material presented is in the form of introductions or at-ta'aruf, then vocabulary or al-mufrodat, daily conversation and introduction to dhomir. The expected end result of this language guidance is that students are able to apply the use of Arabic in everyday life and overcome the difficulties that children face when learning Arabic. Children can learn calmly, comfortably, and are able to understand the material presented
Aneka Jenis Penelitian
Authors: Zikriadi  , Umar Sulaiman  , Hifza
Published: March 2023

Tulisan ini mengulas aneka jenis penelitian. Jenis penelitian sangat banyak sekali, baik dari sisi tujuan, pendekatan, dan metode, bahkan banyak lagi peristilahan lainnya. Tulisan ini secara khusus membahas jenis penelitian yang sangat berhubungan dengan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif, penelitian kepustakaan dan lapangan, penelitian ilmu murni dan terapan, penelitian deskriptif, korelatif, dan komparatif. Penelitian ini juga mengulas penelitian kasus dan survei, penelitian historis dan sosiologis, penelitian eksplirasi, eksplanasi, dan evaluasi. Begitu juga penelitian eksperimen, Tindakan, dan research and development (R&D). Penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam kajian literatur (library research) dengan tahapan analisisnya berupa reduksi data, paparan data, dan kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa aneka jenis penelitian tersebut dapat digunakan pada seluruh topik yang dianggap mempunyai permasalahan tertentu sesuai tujuan, manfaat, dan tingkatannya. Artinya, setiap jenis penelitian mempunyai ciri tertentu sesuai topik yang dibahas, tujuannya, manfaat, dan tingkat diskursus yang dibahas. Pada dasarnya seluruh penelitian menuntut adanya kebaharuan (novelty) di dalam ulasannya, baik berupa hasil, implikasi teoretik, dan rekomendasi tertentu.
Potret Pendidikan Daerah Terpencil di Desa Sekamis Kecamatan Cermin Nan Gedang Kabupaten Sarolangun Provinsi Jambi
Authors: HAKIM Faridl Hakim , Anisa Nia Aprlia  , Muhamad Aldi Al-Husaeni  , Nike Siti Nurjanah  , Rahmatang  , Syahril
Published: March 2023

Many complex issues affect education in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which rural communities in Sekamis Village, Cermin Nan Gedang Village value education and identify the variables that contribute to the low level of education in the area. Case studies are used in the qualitative methodology of this study. Purposive sampling is used in the sampling method. In addition, descriptive analysis was used in data analysis. (1) The results of the study indicate that the residents of Sekamis Village, Kec Cermin Nan Gedang still have a very bad assessment of the value of education, which is indicated by the number of children who drop out of school. (2) The following factors contribute to the low educational attainment in Sekamis Village, Cermin Nan Gedang Village: Low awareness and understanding of the value of education due to obstacles related to the economy, environment, and travel time to school.
Peran Mahasiswa Sebagai Agen Satgas Bidang Perubahan Perilaku Covid-19 Melalui Penyebaran Infografis di Media Sosial
Authors: Fidrayani  , Ivone Ayesha
Published: March 2023

The increase in positive cases of Covid-19 in Indonesia has caused panic and fear among the people. Some people are already obedient to follow the health protocol from the government. However, there are still many people who turn a blind eye to the impact of this Covid-19. The holding of the Syarif Hidayatullah UIN KKN-DR, aims to enable students to help the community in raising awareness of the importance of maintaining health and cleanliness during the Covid-19 pandemic. The community needs maximum outreach about Covid-19. This led to a plan and determination to conduct outreach to the community on a regular basis. In view of Indonesia's condition which makes it impossible to hold gatherings, this outreach is carried out online by utilizing infographic media which are arranged briefly and clearly, which will later be distributed via social media. The method of activities carried out in this service program includes the preparation/socialization stage, the infographic distribution stage, and the evaluation stage. The social media used in distributing infographics is Instagram. Instagram is Dissemination carried out regularly, weekly in August and September 2021. The end result of this activity is the large number of netizens who view the infographics shared on social media. The purpose of holding this activity is so that people can increase awareness of the dangers or impacts of the spread of the Covid-19 virus.
Pelatihan Pembuatan Dodol Jagung Pada Masyarakat Desa Yudha Karya Bakti Kecamatan Sukakarya Kabupaten Musi Rawas
Authors: Nopa Nopiyanti  , Reny Dwi Riastuti
Published: March 2023

Yudha Karya Bakti Village has enormous potential, namely Natural Resources such as corn plants. Where this corn is usually only processed as ordinary corn food such as, boiled, corn grits to be eaten by the community. Corn dodol is a food product that is made into a special food for the people of Yudha Karya Bakti Village. All types of corn found in Yudha Karya Bakti Village can be used as ingredients for making this corn dodol. By exploiting the potential of natural resources that come from the agricultural gardens of the residents. So innovation efforts are made to take advantage of this potential to empower the community to create innovations or food products that have high selling values that reach all aspects of society. Because most of the community is a subsistence farmer, the training is expected to increase the income of the community during their free time while farming.
Effect of salt stress on energy usage and growth in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes, 1844) and common carp Cyprinus carpio L. juveniles
Authors: Ahmed S. M. , Jaffar R. S.
Published: March 2023

The present study was conducted on two species of cyprinid fish: Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The study includes the effect of increasing salinity on survival rate, oxygen consumption, glucose and total protein levels in blood plasma, energy usage, food consumption and growth rate. Common carp show more resistance to increasing salinity with 90% survival rate in 15 g/l salinity. While grass carp did not survive increasing in salinity more than 5 g/L. Increasing salinity was accompanied with decreasing total protein in blood plasma, increasing blood glucose, increasing oxygen consumption rate and increasing energy usage. Food intake was also decrease with increasing salinity which results in decreasing growth rate for both fish species. This study showed that salt stress negatively affect food intake, energy usage and decrease growth rate.
Mass culture of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis under laboratory condition
Authors: Khathem S. A. , Hassan H. F. , Ghazi A. H.
Published: March 2023

In the present study the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was cultured under controlled laboratory conditions, in Marine Science Center, Dept. of Marine Biology, the temperature was 22 ºC. The rotifers feeding on two type of food, the first was baker's yeast and second the animal manure. General, used the animal manure was better than baker's yeast. The density of rotifers culture at 22 ºC which fed on animal manure was 145 ind /ml, while growth rate was 2.67 and doubling time was 0.25 day. While, the density, growth rate and doubling time of rotifers culture at 22 ºC which fed on beakers yeast were 75 ind./ml, 2.01 and 0.34 day respectively. The importance of this study to determined the ability to depending on animal manure as cheap resource and available to improve rotifer growth compared with baker's yeast. Additional, to suitable period determined to culture of rotifer for supply it to larvae of fish and crustacean.
Field study of fish farming status in Basrah Governorate
Authors: Jassim Abdul Amer R. , Almaktar Mastafa A. , Jabir A.A. , Hasoni Khaled H.
Published: March 2023

Field survey of Aquaculture farms in Basrah governorate was done during 2007. The study showed that there are 80 fish farm with total area of 773.5 donum, while it was 16 fish farm during 2003. 75 % of the fish farms were less than 25000 m² (10 donum). 53.9 % was excavated pond, 34.2% concentration by half ground pools and 11.8 % was dyke pond. About 87.5 % of it using pump while 12.5 % used tidal current for water supply. This study showed that 95 % of fishes source was from Marine Science Center Hatchery and the other were from natural environment. The poly culture was main type and composed 93.75 of fish farm, the rest fish farm used the monoculture type. The total number of farmed fish during 2007 was 514625 fish, common carp Cyprinus carpio was the main species (63.5 %) followed by grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (22.6 %), silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (10.8 %), Acanthopagrus latus (1.39 %), mugil sp. (0.33 %) and Barbus sharpeyi (0.13 %). Work men were 312 person 52.8 % have intermediate school, 23.9 % illiterate, 15.7 % primary, 4.2 % bachelor, 2.8 % Diploma and 0.35 % secondary school. Most of the aquaculture activity was concentrated in north Basrah especially in Al-Mudeina Shire and Al-Qurna Shir.
Effect of extracts of two aquatic plants Typha domingensis (Pers), and Lemna minor (Lamarc) on Ecophysiology of common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)
Authors: Talal Abdul Majeed H. , Haraib Khadijah K.
Published: March 2023

This study aimed at investigating the impacts of aquatic extracts of two macrophytes Typha domingensis (Pers) and Lemna minor(Lamarc) on the Ecophysiology of the common carp Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) reared in waste water. A total of eighty fish were divided into four groups, each group consists of ten fish. Four treatment were used with two replicates of they were made as follow; waste water, clean water (control), waste water- extract of T. domingensis and waste water- extract of L. minor. Healthy freshwater common carp weighing about 35.75 ± 0.60g were obtained from the aquaculture station of Marine Science Centre /University of Basrah. Physicochemical properties of waters used were recorded and controlled. The diet given to waste water–aquatic plant extract groups was mixed for one night. Blood smears were taken. White blood cells/1 mm3 were counted by using Neubaur Improved Haemocytometer and light compound microscope. The results indicated that the number of white blood cells of common carp for the control sample was more than that of waste water. While the numbers of white blood cells of the fish in separately treated waste water with T. domingensis and L. minor extracts were close to the number of the control sample. Blood smears of fish reared in clean water (control sample), waste water- T. domingensis extract and waste water- L. inor extract seemed quite normal, where as the smear of the blood of fish reared in waste water showed abnormalities in the blood such as disruption of cell walls and deformation of the shape of red blood cell.
larval rearing of the white leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei and the first culture laboratory in Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Ghazi A.H. , Ali M. H. , Hassan S. S.
Published: March 2023

In the study we cultured the shrimp P. vannamei (initial weight 0.0004 g) under laboratory conditions in marine science center and using three types of food. These were life food (Artemia nauplii), artificial died and mixed food (Artemia nauplii and artificial died). The highest average weight were achieved when feeding on the mixed feed (1.210 g), while, lower values achieved when fed on artificial diets 0.220 g. There are significant differences (P<0.05) between these three food types. A similar results were obtained for growth in terms of length, the highest average length of larvae after six weeks was achieved when fed on the mixed food (36.58 mm), comparing with these larvae fed on Artemia and artificial feed were 31.11 and 18.72 mm respectively, and there are difference significantly too (P < 0.05) between the three food types. The highest average weight increment was recorded during the sixth week with mixed food it was 0.55 g, compared with 0.23g and 0.12 g for Artemia and artificial diets respectively. The higher survival rates after sixth week were calculated for the three treatments, the high survival in larvae fed on Artemia it was 90.58 %, while, these fed on mixed food and artificial diet it was 85.62% and 73.24 % respectively.
Review of the validity of scales to estimate age, growth, life history and maturity schedule of Hilsa shad Tenualosa ilisha(Hamilton, 1822)
Authors: Almukhtar Mustafa A.
Published: March 2023

This study reviewed the validity of using the scales of Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) and other migratory species as a tool to estimate age, growth, maturity schedule and migration. Hilsa Shad scales were used long ago, and proved in several studies. Most of these studies showed that scales could give valuable information, which could be used as benchmarks in the study of fisheries and plans for future successful management policies. Bt it needs Patience and precision for the extraction of these information, because of difficulties in reading these scales. The work need to study the sufficient number of scales and practice, to be easily. As a result, this study will open doors that were closed for decades to set new migration study tools for Hilsa Shad in Iraq.
Environmens study for determentation the concentration and origin of Hydrocarbon in sediment cores of Al-Azim
Authors: Al-Taae E. O. , Al-Bethani A. H. , Al-Saad T. H.
Published: March 2023

The present study appear the concentration, source and origin of petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment core of two station of Hor Al- Azim at Hor Al – Huwaiza ,total hydrocarbon measurement by spectroflurometer were in these sediment cores. Higher concentration (20.5 μg/g) dry weight at depthe (0-5) cm in Azim (I) while lower conceatrations (1.5) μg/g dry weight at depth (100-105) cm, in Al-Azim (II) higher conceantration was (17.52) μg/g at (0-5) cm depth and lower concentration (1.73) μg/g at depth (80 -85) cm .The higher percentage for total organic carbon (TOC%) appear in Al-Azim (I) (3.52)% at depth (0-5) cm while lower percentage were (0.15)% at depth (90-95) cm . In Al-Azim (II) higher percentage were (4.2)% at depth (0-5) while lower percentage (0.72)% at depth (80-85) cm and we well do to analysis grain size at the sediment were mainly muddy silt with low sand in addition to ports sheel from mollusca shell and disintegrate vegetation for both of the tow core.
Semi-artificial Induced spawning of the Silver Pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen 1788) in KHour Abdullah, Basra, IRAQ
Authors: Al-Mukhtar Mustafa A. , Mustafa F. Mustafa A K , Mutlak Falah M. , Hassan Audi M. , Hameed Tariq H. , Ramadan Ismail A.
Published: March 2023

Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788) is one of the most commercially important fish in the North Gulf region, Iraq in particular. It's stocks were critically endangered. The study showed the semi-artificial spawning. The mature brooders were collected from the region corresponding to the Khor Al-Zubair. The semiartificial spawning was done by mixing the sperm and ova of the live fish. It was found that fishes collected in the afternoon were most suitable for semi-artificial spawning. This research was able to diagnose the place and time of spawning fish, and time getting semen and its preservation, time to get mature eggs, access to the mechanism of action and necessary equipment. In addition to planning for subsequent phases of fertilized eggs rearing, hatching and larval rearing.
Determination of Maturity and reproductive cycle of Small Spotted Catshark Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758)(Scyliorhinidae: Elasmobranchii) From the Syrian marine water
Authors: Ali Malek Fares , Saad Adib Saad , Kurbaj Haitham Kurbaj , Jneidi Shadi Jneidi
Published: March 2023

This study was carried out in the Marine Sciences Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty at Tishreen University, in collaboration with the Higher Commission for Scientific Research, on the Small Spotted Catshark Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Syrian marine water (Eastern Levant of Mediterranean sea); From Rass Albassit northward ( 35° 55  N), to the Lebanese borders southward (°34 50´ N). During the period January 2012 to September 2013. 417 specimens (231 females, 186males) were collected at depths 50-250 m, from sandy or sandy-muddy bottoms by different fishing gears; mainly hook sub bottom. S. canicula suffers an overfishing into the Syrian marine water. The highest fishing quantity was during spring and summer. The total length of specimens ranged from 225 to 515 mm TL, and weighed from 22 - 380 g. Smallest specimens matured of males and females were 355, 350 mm, respectively. The total length ranged from 355 -500 mm TL for adult males, and 350 -515 mm TL for adult females. S. canicula is an oviparous species. The largest yolky oocytes diameter was 12 mm, and weighed 1.3 g. The ripe oocytes is covered and ovulated as an egg capsule. The length of egg capsules ranged from 42 -50 mm, their width from 16-18 mm, and their mass reached to 4.8 g.
The effect of starvation on chemical composition of Common carp Cyprinus carpio L.
Authors: Al-Hamadany Qusay Hamid
Published: March 2023

The experiment was conducted using 48 fish, common carp Cyprinus carpio (average weight 41.51 + 3.51 gm), The fish were distributed on 6 aquaria each one contain 8 individuals, after two weeks acclimatization on commercial diet (35% protein) to reduce individual differences in nutritional status, fish were exposed to starvation, fish weighed and body composition (moisture, protein, lipid and ash) was analyzed using 5 specimens every two weeks. Fish weight decreased noticeably as a result of consumption of some components of the body to sustain essential activities, fish showed significant decrease (P < 0.01) in carcass dry matter, protein and lipid, while moisture increased significantly (P < 0.01), fish used 91.8% of carcass lipid and 20.1% of carcass protein during the experiment period, no significant (P > 0.05) effect of starvation on carcass ash except the last two weeks of experiment.
Study of Histopathological change in gills of Coptodon zillii as a bioindicator of pollution in Sarragy River In Abu Alkhasiib region
Authors: Samad Khalid Abdul Samad , AL Ali Ali A. A.
Published: March 2023

In the present study the fish Coptodon zillii are collectedfrom Sarragy River in Abu Alkhasiib region through two season that the first is expansion from 7\2013 to 11\2013 and the second season is expansion from 12\2013 to 6\2014,and bringing it to the laboratory for dissection and ablation the gills for studied the histopathological change that appear on it, that included change of the form of some secondary lamellae, adherence in other secondary lamella ,cellular hyperplasia , hypertrophy , swelling in the epithelial layer of secondary lamellae, epithelial lifting ,and hyperplasia in cartilage skeletal of primary filaments.
Study Proportions and Chemical Composition of red and white muscles of Tilapia Zillii and Acanthopagrus latus
Authors: Oda Yasir W.
Published: March 2023

The present study deals with two types of teleost; Tilapia zillii (Cichlidae), and Acanthopagrus latus (Sparidae), to study some aspects with relation to the fish activity such as the proportion of red and white muscle fibers, and estimation of the chemical content (protein, lipid, moisture, ash) in different regions of fish studied. The results showed that the red muscles less than the white muscles in (R1, R2) in studied fish, The red muscles ranged between (5.01–10.5%) and (4.67–9.64%) in T. zillii and A. latus respectively, while the proportion of white muscles were ranged between (94.98–88.49%) and (95.32–90.35%) in T. zillii and A. latus respectively beside to increasing of red muscles towards of the posterior region (caudal peduncle), therefore these fish are put in the intermediate activity. The results which related to chemical content in muscles including (protein, lipid, moisture, ash) in (R1, R2) from fish body, showed that the proportion of protein were ranged (17.97–19.05%) and (16.89–17.46%) in T. zillii and A. latus respectively, while the proportion of lipid were ranged between (1.54–2.08%) and (3.08–3.13%) in fish studied, therefore T. zillii put in non-lipid fishes or flesh fishes, while A. latus put in intermediate lipid fishes.
Extraction Of Collagen From Fish Orientai Sole Brachirus orientalis Skin And Studying Of Some Chemical Charactristics And Amino Acid Composition
Authors: AL-Mossawi Aum-El-Basher, H.J. , Eskander Mohammed Zyarah
Published: March 2023

This study includes the extraction of acid soluble collagen (Acetic acid 0.5 M) from fish Oriental sole skin . After the removal of fat and non-collagenous proteins and dialyzed against distilled water, some the chemical properties were studied, that includes chemical composition and the percentage of yield were 12.15 % on the basis of wet weight. According to the electrophoretic patterns, the collagen consisted of two different chains (α1 and α 2), were characterized to be type I, β chain components as well as the observed was larger molecular weight , When estimating amino acid collagen observed that there is variation in the percentage of amino acid major such as glycine , proline , hydroxyproline and hydroxy lysine, When measuring the absorption spectrum of ultraviolet (UV) there was a single peak absorption at 232 nm for collagen fish skin, FTIR showed regions of amides A, B, I, II and III were 3408.57, 2934.89, 1651.73, 1540.85 and 1243.38 cm-1 respectively.
Hydrological changes in the lower part of Mesopotamian Basin
Authors: AL-Mahmood Hassan K. H.
Published: March 2023

This study was examined the hydrological changes in the water ways for the and the marshes associated with them in Southern part of lower Mesopotamian catchment area (Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and their branches in Amarah, Nasiriyah and Basra ) and the main tributaries of the Shatt al-Arab River( Swaib, Garmat Ali and Karun ), and the significant changes in the overall hydrological conditions of water discharge and water quality. Water discharge and water samples were collected quarterly for four sites during 2011, the laboratory analysis were performed to determine physical and chemical characteristics at these sites. Results shows that the quarterly water discharge rate in Tigris River is seasanal 41.05 m3/s at Qalaat saleh, Euphrates River at Chabaish 11.65 m3/s, Shatt Al-Arab River in Qurna 39.65m3/sec, that the Garmat Ali to cause the loss of an average of 20.1 m 3 / sec from Shatt al-Arab water into to Hor Alhammar, during a seasonal fluctuation between summer and winter, causes water relapsing during the winter water Contamination of the central part of the Shatt al-Arab. Clear water shortage reflected on water quality in Southern Iraqi Rivers and their branches. While water salinity is ranging between 1.31-1.42 gm/l in Tigris River, 3.46-5.15 gm/l in Euphrates River, 2.00-2.29 gm/l in Garmat Ali River, 1.00 -1.98 gm/l in Ezz River and 1.59-1.83 gm/l in Shatt al-Arab River . This study shows that the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers suffer of large water scarcity and lack of supply from Swaib and Garmat Ali Rivers to the Shatt al-Arab, as well as stop the flow of Karun River to the Shatt al-Arab and wasting a large portion of water from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to restore some parts of Southern Iraqi marshes. the contribution of the Euphrates River in the salinity of the Shatt al-Arab 50% during the winter, Although the total discharge does not exceed 25% , and the contribution of the Garmat Ali 30% and 20% of the Tigris River, while the effect of the salt of the Tigris River 100 % during the summer. The study concludes that the hydrological situation in the study area is continuous deterioration due to absence of any instant or far-reaching strategies to handle this deterioration, which calls for the intensification of future studies in various disciplines related to water resources management.
Evaluation of five commercial diets used for fish feeding in Basra governorate, southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Tameemi Riyadh A.
Published: March 2023

An nine week laboratory study was carried out to compare the quality of five commercial diets with the brand name Alsabah (SD), Marine Science Center (CD), Aljanaby (JD), Efico sigma 860 (ED) and Arasco (AD) diets in order to ascertain the extent to which they meet the nutritional requirements of common carp Cyprinus carpio fingerlings with mean initial weight 15.74+1.04 g. Fish fed AD diet exhibited significantly (P<0.05) highest specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). While the lowest values were obtained in fish fed CD and JD diets. Fish fed diets containing approximately 30% protein (AD and SD) had significantly (P<0.05) higher PER values indicating maximal protein utilization. Also, results mentioned that satiation level (SL) were affected by energy content, bulk density and water stability of the diets. The lowest SL was observed for fish fed AD and ED diets. Significantly (P<0.05) higher water stability was recorded in AD and ED than SD, CD and JD diets. However, the markedly high SGR, FCE, PER and water stability values along with lower SL obtained with AD diet suggested that diet promoted better characteristics for cultured fish comparing with the other diets.
Towards Shrimp Resources Investment in Iraq water
Authors: Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

The article highlighted the global importance and production of shrimp resources, whether it’s coming from the fisheries or from the aquaculture sector as well as it’s economy attribute in the international trade. Furthermore, it’s recognizing the status of the shrimp fishery in the marine and inland waters of Iraq, and the main negative factors impacted and reducing the shrimp stocks. Apparently no practical attempt has already been undertaken to culture the shrimp in the area, despite the availability of diverse water bodies. In conclusion, there is a great opportunity to developing the shrimp resources sector in Iraq by: (1) introduction and developing shrimp culture, (2) improving better management system for the shrimp fisheries.
Isolating and recording 7 species of fungi associated with the Eastern River Shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan, 1849) from the fish ponds in the Garmat Ali campus ,Basra-Iraq
Authors: Bader Sana Q. , Ahmed Huda K.
Published: March 2023

Study on Eastern River shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense in earthen ponds for raising fish in Garmat Ali campus ,Basrah , for the period of March to April 2013. Used four different ways to isolate the fungi of shrimp and diagnosed 7 species of Aspergillus flavus , A.niger, Aspergillus sp., A.terreus , Alternaria sp., Penicillium notatum and P. chrysogenum belong three genus of the fungus Aspergillus ,Alternaria and Penicillium. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the number of diagnosed fungi isolates of each species in different insulation methods , and differences found in the number of isolates of each species of fungi among March and April. The study confirmed that the presence of pathological fungi Aspergillus and Penicillium have a large impact on shrimp diseases fungal infection, especially when the culture conditions are not appropriate.
Experimental hatchery designed for the prawn Macrobrachium nipponense in Marine science center, Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Al-Maliky Tariq H. Y. , Ali Malik H. , Hashim Amina .A.
Published: March 2023

This study includes an experimental hatchery design for the oriental river prawn Macrobrachium nipponense from the brackish water of Basrah region (Al-Mashab Marsh). This hatchery consist of five parts: maturation ponds (closed system), hatching of zoug jars, rearing of ponds to larva (nursery and concrete ponds), water tanks and food live of pond (fiberglass). The production capacity was 53,504-190,000 Zoea larvae, 32,355-99,560 Postlarvae. While production of the out ponds (cage two in mud and fiberglass ponds) were estimated between 4,347-24,098 larvae and 2,527-18,828 Postlarvae. Depending on results the total area of the earthen pond and the fiberglass tank, the potential production of Zoea larvae were estimated to be between 36,559-15,300,000 larvae, and between 21,248-11,954,400 Postlarvae. While the total production in all culture systems were 12,600,188-15,760,462 larvae, and between 9,753,349-12,197,630 Postlarvae.
Effect of Temperature and Salinity on Survival and Growth of Artemia franciscana from Basrah, Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Dawood S. , Salman Salman D. , Ali Malik H.
Published: March 2023

Laboratory experiments were carried out to express the effects of temperature, salinity and the combined effects of temperature–salinity on survival, growth and biomass of Artemia franciscana at 5 temperatures: 10, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ºC and 5 salinities: 35, 55, 75, 95 and 115 ‰. Temperature of 20 ºC and salinity of 55 ‰ showed best survivals (93 %), biomass (122.87 mg DW/L) and high growth (4.94 mm), whereas at 30 ºC and salinity of 95 ‰, the least survivals (21 %) was attained. However, the highest average growth was 6.1 mm attained at 30 ºC and 115 ‰, and the lowest growth was 1.49 mm at 10 ºC and 95 ‰, meanwhile, the lowest average biomass was 3.79 mg DW/L at 10 ºC and 115 ‰. Apparently, temperature of 20 ºC and salinity of 55 ‰ is the best combination for the local strain of A. franciscana from Basrah and is recommended for mass culture of this strain.
The effect of various stocking densities on growth performance of Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) cultivated in cages at Basrah province
Authors: Hussein Sadek A. , Al-Faiz Nawras A. , Yesser Abdul- Karim T.
Published: March 2023

The effect of various stocking densities (20, 30, 40 fish/m3) on the final weight, weight gain, specific growth and daily growth rates in Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) reared in floating cages (2m3) was studied. The trials were performed in Faw district Southern Basrah. Results indicate that stocking at 20 fish/m3 provide significant (P<0.05) final weight compared to individuals cultivated at a density 30 and 40 fish/m3, while the final weights of fish reared at a density of 30 and 40 fish/m3 didn't differ significantly (P>0.05), the highest final weight (55.58±5.84g) attained at density 20 fish/m3, 52.13 ± 6.12 at 30 fish/m3 and (50.51± 6.98) at stocking density 40 fish/m3. Statistically analysis showed that weight gain and daily growth were significant differs (P<0.05) among treatments. Specific growth rates and survival rates reveal no differences significantly (P>0.05) depending on the stocking densities 20, 30 and 40 fish/m3.
Environmental Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons pollutants in the waters of the side branches of the Shatt Al-Arab River
Authors: Al-Saad Hamid T. , Al-Khion Dhfar. Dh. , Majeed Ebtihal S. , Hantoush Abas A. , Saleh Salah M. , Alhello Abdulzahra  A.
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted in the water branches of Shatt Al-Arab River. Water samples were collected from six stations during 2013. Gas chromatography was used to identify the concentrations and type of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water ranged from 7.24 to 17.39 ng/l. The sources of PAHs in waters were Pyrogenic and Petrogenic with predominance of etehahthNaN, Fluoreneand B(b+ k) fluoranthene the most presence and focused from PAHs compound which indicate a Pyrogenic, as well as presents of Indeno (1,2,3,cd) pyrene+ dibenzo, Benzo(g, h, i) perylene in high concentration which indicate a Petrogenic origin .This study is a first of its kind in the branches of Shatt Al-Arab River and its represent as a background for futures studies.
Water and Ionic Balance in Blue Tilapia Oreochromis aureus (Steindacher 1864)
Authors: Faris Rafaa Abdul kareem , Ahmed Sumaya M.
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to study the response of Blue Tilapia Oreochromis aureus to increasing salinity. Abrupt and gradual transfer to higher salinity was done to determine salinity tolerance and survival rates and was found that this fish tolerate the abrupt increasing in salinity between 1.5 – 20 g/l with Lc50 (20.44 g/l). Salinity tolerance increased with gradual increase in salinity as survival rate increased to 90% in salinity 30 g/l. Muscle and gut were used to investigate their role in water and ionic balance and was found that the water content in the muscle decrease with increasing salinity while it increase in the gut. The ionic content (Na+ and K+) increased in both muscle and gut with increasing salinity. This study showed the ability of this fish to change its osmoregulatory ability from hyperosmotic in fresh water to hyposmotic in salt water.