bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kur’ân’da Kesb Kavramının Anlam Çerçevesi
Authors: Şahin İskender
Published: December 2019

Kesb,
her devirde daima gündemde olan ve önemini asla yitirmeyen mühim kavramlardan
biridir. Hem Kelâm’ın hem İslâm Hukuku’nun hem de Tasavvuf’un en mühim mevzu
olan kesb, köken olarak Kur’ân’a ait bir kavramdır. Söz konusu İslâmî
disiplinler konuyu her ne kadar imân, ahlâk ve ibâdet çerçevesinde
değerlendirmiş olsalar da kesb’in Kur’ân’da hangi boyutlarıyla
değerlendirildiği noktasında elimizde henüz derli toplu ve yeterli bir ilmî
veri mevcut değildir. Konunun Kur’ân eksenli olarak çalışılması, hem mevzu
etrafında dönen birtakım görüş ve tartışmaların çok daha sağlıklı bir zemine
oturtulmasına, hem de geçmişte meydana gelen tartışmaların daha sağlıklı bir
şekilde değerlendirilmesine önemli katkılar sağlayacağı kanaatindeyiz.
Dolayısıyla bu makalede kesb konusunun Kur’ânî boyutları, çeşitli yönleriyle
ele alınıp değerlendirilmiş ve sistematik olarak takdim edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Mevzu, özü itibariyle tartışmaları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Daha çok Kelâm
ilminde meydana gelen ilgili tartışmalar, zamanla kesb’in bir doktrine
dönüşmesine yol açmıştır. Burada söz konusu tartışmaların hiçbirine değinmemiş
ve kesb doğrudan Kur’ân ekseninde ele alınmıştır.
Molla Câmî Tefsiri’nde İşârî Yorumlar
Authors: Ağbal Davut
Published: December 2019

Abdurrahmân Câmî (ö. 898/1492), XV. yüzyılın çok yönlü
âlimlerindendir. O hem tasavvufun önemli nazariyyatçılarından hem de önde gelen
edebî şahsiyetlerden biri olmasının yanı sıra bir tefsir müellifidir. Bu makale,
Câmî’nin tefsir eserindeki işârî yorumları konu edinmektedir. Bakara 40. âyete
kadar kaleme alınan bu tefsirinde dil tahlillerinin yanı sıra tasavvufî
bahislerin de önemli bir yer işgal ettiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Molla
Câmî Tefsiri’ndeki işârî yorumların yoğunlaştığı konular ve bu yorumların
sunumunda izlenen yöntemin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır.  Çalışma neticesinde ulaşılan sonuçlara göre;
Câmî, eserinde yer verdiği dil ile ilgili açıklamalar ve temas ettiği konular
bakımından Zemahşerî’nin (ö. 538/1144) Keşşâf’ını esas almakla birlikte
birçok dil ve tefsir âliminin görüşlerine yer vermiştir. Tasavvufî konularda ve
âyetlere getirdiği işârî yorumlarda ise onun bakış açısını belirleyen iki sûfî;
Muhyiddîn İbnü’l-‘Arabî (ö. 638/1240) ve Sadreddîn Konevî’dir (ö. 673/1274).
Câmî, eserinin baş tarafında tasavvufî yorumları, diğer açıklamalarla iç içe
sunarken, Bakara Sûresi’nin ilk beş âyetiyle birlikte bu tür yorumları âyet
tefsirinin sonunda toplamıştır. Âyet metninin arasına yerleştirdiği kısa
açıklamalar şeklinde yaptığı bu yorumlarda vahdet-i vücûd düşüncesinin temel
kavramlarını görmek mümkündür. Bunun yanı sıra onun, tasavvufun âmelî boyutuna
dair açıklamalarına da rastlanılmaktadır.
The Relationship between Sleep Quality and Quality of Life of Retired Elderly
Authors: Sharifi Somayeh , Heidari Zeinab , Bromand Saba , Binayi Nilofar , Keshvari Mahrokh
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Survey about the issues and problems related to elderly in order to improve their Quality Of Life (QOL) of this increasing population has become a universal concern. Even though aging is a natural process but many effective factors such as rest and sleep pattern can affect this process. So this study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality and QOL of the retried elderly members of Isfahan retirement center
Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was done on 192 retired older adults were referred to Isfahan retirement center by simple random sampling. The information collected via demographic variables, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Elderly Quality of Life Questionnaire (LIPAD). Finally the data analysis by software SPSS 21 and descriptive statistical tests, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test and ANOVA.
Results: The results showed that the mean score of sleep quality in the elderly was 6.63 ± 3.41 (range 0-21), which show their sleep quality were poor. The mean score of their QOL were 61.15 ± 9.97 (range 0-93). In addition there were significant and positive correlations between sleep quality and QOL and its dimensions in the retried elderly (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that poor sleep quality in retired elderly people is associated with lack of QOL. Therefore, paying attention to this issue is important in health supporting programs.
Risk Factors for Falls among Elderly People: a Population-based Case-Control Study
Authors: Vakili Vida , Taghipour Ali , Mosa Farkhani Ehsan , Bahrami Hamid Reza , Beygi Behnaz , Pirizadeh Ebrahim
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Falling is one of the most common problems of the elderly people with a multi factorial nature and frequent cases. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of falls in old people covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 15,600 elderly participants. Data were extracted from Sina Electronic Health Record System (SinaEHR®, Iran). The obtained data were analyzed using STATA through odds ratio formula.
Results: Risk factors of falls in the elderly subjects included age, fear of falling, higher body mass index, diabetes, anemia, gastrointestinal problems, hypothyroidism, use of sedatives, and smoking, after adjusting the potentially confounding effects of other variables.
Conclusion: The current study provides evidence that patient-related factor such as diabetes, anemia, hypothyroidism and smoking are associated with falls in the elderly. The results of the present research can be used by health policy-makers to reduce fall-related costs of the old people by focusing on care services and high-risk individuals.
Multidimensional Approach to Frailty among Rural Older People: Applying the Tilburg Frailty Indicator
Authors: Mousavi Sisi Mirdavoud , Shamshirgaran Seyed Morteza , Rezaeipandari Hassan , Matlabi Hossein
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome. Studies of frailty and old age have been able to help reduce its underlying causes and complication. Understanding the frailty and its associated factors in developing countries such as Iran, can help gather information on conditions of the elderly and better plan for this age population. Therefore, the present study was implemented to investigate the prevalence and determinants of frailty in the rural elderly population of Shabestar, East Azarbayjan, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 565 rural older people in Shabestar, Iran during 2018-2019. The data collection tool was the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. The participants were selected by using stratified and simple random approach. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression were used to perform data analysis.
Results: Of the participants, 46.7% were detected as being frail. The associations between the prevalence of frailty and sociodemographic characteristics such as age, gender, marital status, types of lifestyle, educational level, and income status were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that age (β = -0.84, p < 0.05), the number of medications used (β = -2.72, p < 0.001), hypertension (β = -0.633, p < 0.006), diabetes (β = -535, p < 0.045) and the history of fall during the last year (β = -4.21, p < 0.001) were the most important predictors of frailty among non-institutionalized rural older people.
Conclusion: The study confirms the importance of common chronic medical conditions and sociodemographic characteristics in the development of frailty syndrome among older adults. The descriptive nature of the study implies observational trials to clarify more deeply relationship between frailty and the determinants found.
Narrative Group Therapy to Improve Aging Perceptions and Reduce Thanatophobia (Death Anxiety) in Older Adults
Authors: Nozari Zhale , Mo'tamedi AbdolAllah , Eskandari Hosein , Ahmadivand Zahra
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Narrative therapy is a psychological intervention focusing on remembering and reconstruction of the people's life events in ways that are of benefit to them, and reduce the impact of challenges in their lives. This study was performed to examine the effect of narrative group therapy (NGT) on aging perceptions and death anxiety among older adults.
Methods: Forty-seven subjects, elderly nursing home residents (Tehran, Iran) with the mean age of 69.2 ± 2.55 were selected and assigned to intervention (n = 24), and control groups (n = 23). The intervention group received eight 90 min weekly sessions of NGT, and data were collected at the baseline, post-test and one month follow-up.
Results: Compared to the control and baseline, NGT intervention was positively influenced the aging perceptions of participants, especially their emotional representations, as well as their beliefs about aging consequences and control over experiences relating to aging. NGT was also found to be effective in the reduction of death anxiety, which were also sustained over the time with significant interaction effect between group and test times (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the psychological interventions for aging perceptions, as well as NGT for death anxiety in older adults. The intervention was effective to improve the aging perceptions and reduce death anxiety and could be recommended for elderly nursing home residents.
The Irrational Use of Antibiotics Among Doctors, Pharmacists and the Public in River Nile State, Sudan
Authors: Oleim Sara H , K Noor Sufian , O Bushara Sarra , Ahmed M H , Elmadhoun Wadie
Published: December 2019

Background: Inappropriate antibiotic prescription, dispensing and self-medication are alarmingly high worldwide. The problem is more so in developing countries, including Sudan, where resistance to life-saving drugs is emerging.
Objective: to assess the prevalence of irrational use of antibiotics among doctors, pharmacists and the public in River Nile State (RNS), Sudan.
Methodology: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, in March 2014 through April 2014. The study population was 278 individuals, composed of 100 doctors, 78 pharmacists selected randomly from hospitals, pharmacies and health centers, besides 100 adults from the community. Three different interviewer-administered standardized pre-tested questionnaires were used for data collection.
Results:antibiotic misuse is common practice among both medicals as well as the public in RNS. This was evidenced by the facts that 92% of doctors prescribed antibiotics without culture and sensitivity results, more than 93% of pharmacists dispensed antibiotics as over the counter medications and that 89% of participants used antibiotics without consulting a doctor. More than 90% of the misused antibiotics werebeta-lactams and macrolides and the most common indication for their use was cough and common cold.
Conclusion: Irrational use of antibiotics is a widespread practice in RNS among all stakeholders. Therefore, health care policy makers and care providers should have antibiotic policy and clear to follow obligatory guidelines and to ensure that the public and every prescriber/dispenser conforms to that policy. Moreover, increasing awareness about the appropriate antibiotic use among all stakeholders is of paramount importance.
Filtro Híbrido de Potência Baseado no Inversor Seis-Chaves para Compensações de Harmônicos e Potência Reativa em Cargas Não-Lineares e Desbalanceadas
Authors: Silva Lauro C. Q. M. , Limongi Leonardo R. , Bradaschia Fabrício , Cavalcanti Marcelo C.
Published: December 2019

Dentre os distúrbios que afetam a qualidade de energia elétrica, destaca-se a distorção nas formas de onda de tensão e corrente, causada pelas componentes harmônicas de corrente consumidas por cargas não-lineares e desbalanceadas conectadas à rede elétrica. Além disso, na indústria, a presença de cargas com característica predominantemente indutiva contribui para a circulação de potência reativa, proporcionando perdas ôhmicas elevadas e a necessidade de uma maior potência aparente na instalação elétrica. A maioria das soluções trifásicas de compensação não são adequadas para lidar com potência reativa e harmônicos de cargas desbalanceadas. Assim sendo, este trabalho se propõe a incorporar essas duas funcionalidades no filtro híbrido de potência dual baseado no inversor seis-chaves e dois braços, chamado de HPF-SSTL. Para isso, os parâmetros do condicionador tiveram que ser reprojetados para este novo cenário. Resultados experimentais obtidos em um protótipo comprovam que o condicionador é capaz de compensar potência reativa e harmônicos de cargas desbalanceadas sem perder a sua capacidade de compensação original.
Controle de um Conversor CC-CA para Conexão à Rede com Emulação de Máquina Síncrona
Authors: Palacio R. César A. , Pinheiro José R. , Mezaroba Marcello
Published: December 2019

O emprego de conversores estáticos nos sistemas de potência é cada vez maior, suas aplicações em geração de energia elétrica distribuída a partir de fontes solar e eólica são um grande foco de estudo por causa dos desafios técnicos que apresentam. Um destes desafios reside na dificuldade de integração de sistemas de geração distribuída (GD) e microrredes de energia com os bem consolidados algoritmos de controle e proteção de sistemas de potência. Esses sistemas são concebidos para atuar com máquinas síncronas de grande porte, com resposta dinâmica lenta devido à sua inerente inercia e amortecimento. Esse trabalho aborda a fundamentação, definição do sistema, simulação, implementação e validação experimental de uma técnica de controle de emulação de máquina síncrona aplicada ao conversor CC-CA trifásico (VSI) para operação associada a geração distribuída em microrredes de energia. Para melhorar o desempenho do algoritmo de emulação é proposto um controle de rastreamento de referências em malha fechada, garantindo a redução das distorções da tensão no ponto de acoplamento comum (PAC) devido à presença de harmônicos. Os resultados experimentais apresentam vários cenários de operação e também uma avaliação da influência de variações paramétricas no desempenho dinâmico do conversor.
Morphological and molecular characterization of Fusarium spp. associated to the regional occurrence of wilt and dry bud rot in Agave tequilana
Authors: López-Bautista Viridiana , Mora-Aguilera Gustavo , Gutiérrez-Espinosa María Alejandra , Mendoza-Ramos Coral , Martínez-Bustamante Verónica Inés , Coria-Contreras Juan José , Acevedo-Sánchez Gerardo , Santana-Peñaloza Baldemar
Published: December 2019

La marchitez y pudrición seca del cogollo del agave (Agave tequilana var. azul) son enfermedades de alto impacto económico para este cultivo. En este trabajo se planteó determinar la implicación de Fusarium spp. en ambas enfermedades bajo un enfoque regional. Se colectaron muestras de raíz y suelo en 40 plantaciones comerciales ubicadas en 13 municipios de Los Altos Jalisco, importante región de cultivo de agave azul en México. De cada plantación de colecta se estimó carga de inóculo mediante un índice de Fusarium obtenido de unidades formadoras de colonias (Fusarium vs hongos totales) y se analizó su relación con pH y materia orgánica. Se obtuvieron 109 aislados caracterizados morfológicamente como Fusarium spp. de los cuales se seleccionaron 25 para identificación molecular con ITS y EF-1a. La selección consideró sintomatología, caracteres macro y microscópicos y prevalencia de tipologías de colonia observadas in vitro en medios Komada, Sabouraud, SNA y CLA. Los caracteres culturales y morfológicos evaluados fueron: coloración micelial, tamaño, forma y septación de macro y microconidios, y longitud y número de fiálides. Se asociaron cinco especies con marchitez y/o pudrición seca ubicadas en tres complejos filogenéticos: F. oxysporum del complejo de especies Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC) con 56% (46.2% suelo y 66.7% raíz) de representatividad regional; F. solani, F. falciforme y Fusarium sp. del complejo Fusarium solani (FSSC) (40%); y Fusarium sp. del complejo Fusarium fujikuroi (FFSC) (4%). MO y pH tuvieron correlación inversamente proporcional con Índice de Fusarium (r2 = 0.68-0.70). Se postula que la marchitez y pudrición seca del cogollo de agave azul constituyen un síndrome en el cual se asocian y especializan parasíticamente diversas especies de Fusarium. Se encontró un aislado de los tres complejos de Fusarium asociados específicamente a cada tipo de síntoma y la combinación de ellos. La mayoría se asociaron a marchitez con predominancia de F. oxysporum.   

 
THE BEGINNING OF ISLAMIC MONTHS DETERMINATION IN INDONESIA AND MALAYSIA: Procedure and Social Condition
Authors: Wahidi Ahmad , Yasin Noer , Kadarisman Ali
Published: December 2019

Determination procedure of the beginning of Islamic months in Indonesia is done through isbat convened by Ministry of Religious Affairs. The result is considered as the official decision of government. In Malaysia, the determination is preceded by the execution of ru’yah set by the officials of Keeper of the Rulers’ Seal. The falak data are prepared by the Falak Unit at the Department of Islamic Development, the Mufti Members of the States of Malaysia as the practitioners. The results are announced by appointed officers from Mufti and Falak experts. The effort of the Indonesian Government on the unification of beginning of Islamic months determination is by establishing the Organization of Ḥisâb Ru’yah. One of its tasks and functions is to seek the unification of the beginning of Islamic months’ determination through several programs. Whereas Malaysian Government does it by synchronizing understanding about the beginning of Islamic months’ determination and after that relying on King’s decision whether there will be strict sanction related to dissimilarity of the beginning of Islamic months’ determination.
Unraveling Disability Participation in Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Yulianti Isnenningtyas , Utomo Nurrahman Aji
Published: December 2019

Abstract

The issue of disability in indigenous peoples is closely related to the issue of full enjoyment in development and inclusive citizenship. Indigenous peoples have the potential to face discrimination and exclusion from every development from every aspect of life. This condition becomes more vulnerable if it occurs in persons with disabilities. The issue of disability in indigenous peoples, still often neglected in its environment and its own group, and even in the system of society and state. Toraja, Bali, and Maros became the representation of the research area. Based on facts and analyzes, disabilities in indigenous peoples face various layers of discrimination and violations of gender and disability status. The characteristics of indigenous peoples determine the treatment of persons with disabilities in their communities. Most noticeable is the lack of friendly service for persons with disabilities in their own societies. Therefore, people with disabilities in indigenous peoples need open opportunities to participate in customary institutions and emancipation beyond the scope of protection and the fulfillment of rights by the government.
HAKEM OLAYI ÖZELİNDE MEZHEBÎ KAYGININ TARİH AKTARIM VE YORUMUNA ETKİSİ
Authors: SANSARKAN Yusuf
Published: December 2019

Tarih alanında
deney ve gözlem metodu kullanılmadığından, geçmişin gerçekliklerine ulaşmanın
yolu bugüne ulaşan haberlerdir. Bu haberlerin insanlar tarafından aktarılması, tarihî
verilere duyguların karışmasına ve çoğu zaman gerçeklerin saklı kalmasına neden
olmaktadır. İnsanların, aktarımlarında nesnellikten kopmasının nedenlerinden
biri de râvilerin bir mezhebe mensup olmasıdır. Mezhep aidiyeti, kişinin olay
ve olguları mezhebinin bakış açısıyla anlamasına, yorumlamasına ve aktarmasına
neden olmaktadır. Sonraki süreçte teşekküllerini tamamlayacak üç büyük mezhebin
doğrudan taraf olduğu Hakem Olayı, mezhep etkisinin araştırılması gereken
olaylardan biridir. Tahkim meselesindeki taraflardan birinin lideri olan Hz.
Ali’den dolayı Şia, bu olay sonucunda Hz. Ali’den ayrılarak ilk mezhebi
oluşturan Havâric ve geri kalan çoğunluğun mezhebi olan Ehl-i sünnet,
zikredilen olayda taraf olan mezheplerdir. Büyük bir mezhebin ortaya çıkmasına
neden olması, Hz. Ali’nin taraflardan birine liderlik etmesi ve Müslümanlar
arasındaki ilk büyük savaşın bir parçasını teşkil etmesi nedeniyle son derece
önemli olan Hakem Olayı’nın karanlık noktalarının aydınlatılması, bu çalışmanın
çıkış noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı, olaya dair rivayetlerin
karşılaştırılarak aralarındaki farkların değerlendirilmesi, böylece mezhep
etkisinin bu rivayetlerde ne tür yönlendirmelere neden olduğunun ortaya
çıkarılmasıdır. Sonuçta mezhebî bakışın tarih aktarımında etkili olduğu
gözlemlenmiş, tahkim meselesinin kronolojik sırasına uygun olarak bazı
örneklerle bu gözlemler detaylandırılmıştır.
KUR’ÂN'DAN EVRENSEL SOSYOLOJİK KANUNLAR ÇIKARMANIN İMKÂNI
Authors: ERGÜN Mehmet
Published: December 2019

Kâinatta her şey gibi toplumlar da değişmektedir. İbn Haldûn’dan itibaren insanlar bu değişimin yönünü belirleyen kuralları önceden tespit etmek için çabalamaktadırlar. Batıda ancak 19. yüzyılda sosyoloji ilminin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte toplumlarda görülen değişimleri açıklamayı amaçlayan teoriler öne sürülmüştür. Onlar bu teorileri belirlerken kutsal kitapları bir tarafa bırakarak kendi gözlemlerine ve tarihi verilere dayanmışlardır.İslam dünyasında batıya göre daha erken dönemlerde geçmiş toplumlardan bahseden ayetler merkeze alınarak bütün toplumlar için geçerli evrenler yasaların tespit edilebilme ihtimali tartışılmıştır. Çünkü insanlar bu kuralları tespit ettikleri ölçüde geleceklerine yön verebilecektir. Bu tartışmalarda “sünnet/sünnetullah” kavramları ön plana çıkmıştır. Bazı ilim adamları sünnetullah’ın toplumların hayat aşamalarıyla ilgili evrensel kanunlar olduğunu söylerken bazıları ise Kur’ân’ın bilgi değil hidayet amaçlı gönderilmiş bir kitap olmasından hareketle bu terimin daha çok günahkâr toplumların akıbetlerinden bahsettiğini ileri sürmektedir.Biz bu çalışmamızda Kur’ân’da toplumların tarihinden, onların geçirdikleri aşamalardan bahseden ayetler, özellikle de “sünnet/sünnetullah” kavramı ile toplumların kaderi arasındaki bağlantıyı ve bireylerin toplumların geleceğini belirlemedeki etkilerini inceleyerek ilgili ayetlerden genel geçer sosyal kaideler çıkarmanın imkânı üzerinde duracağız.
KİLİS’TEKİ ARAPÇA TABELALARIN DİL VE KÜLTÜR YÖNÜYLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: GÜLBİL Uğur
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışma Kilis’teki işyerlerinde Arapça olarak asılmış tabela ve levhaların dilini anlamak üzere hazırlanmıştır. Kilis’te yer alan 250 tabela incelenmiş “ve onların” 61’i seçilerek ele alınmıştır. Kilis’te yer alan Arapça ve çift dilli (Arapça Türkçe) tabela, levha, pano ve bilgi amaçlı hazırlanan işaretçilerden örnekler verilmiştir. Hayatımızda önemli bir yere sahip olan tabelalar farklı anlamlarda kullanılmış ya da anlaşılan anlamın dışında ifade edilmiş olabilir. Çalışmamızda caddelerde, dinlenme parklarında, market, manav, kasap ve eczane gibi mekânlarda yer alan Arapça hazırlanmış tabelalar, imla, anlam, lehçe ifadeleri, söz dizimi (dil bilgisi), farklı dillerden kelimelerin tespiti, cümle çeşitleri, farklılaştırma olgusu ve kültürel unsurlar vb. yönlerle ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmadaki tabela fotoğrafları Kilis merkezde yapılan incelemeler ve dükkân sahiplerinden alınan izinlerle çekilmiştir. Biraz ayrıntıya sahip ve detaylı gibi görünse de dil öğrenirken tabelalarda yer alan Arapça ifadelerin tahlilinin önem arz ettiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca bu tabelalarda bulunan ifadelerdeki dilin çözümlenerek doğru ifadelerin verilmesi Arap ülkelerine sınır şehirlerde yaşayanlar için pek çok faydalar ve kolaylıklar sağlayacağı da düşünülmektedir.
MARX, A RAZÃO E O MITO: UMA LEITURA DE HENRIQUE VAZ
Authors: Cardoso Delmar
Published: December 2019

Quando o assunto é filosofia no Brasil, a figura de Lima Vaz aparece com destaque e importância. Ele se mostrou um pensador que sabe conjugar a disciplina e a sobriedade da pesquisa com a criatividade de uma inteligência que percebe a profundidade dos problemas atuais. Percebe-se a importância de Henrique Vaz pelo fato da sua erudição, pela apropriação atualizada e criativa da tradição filosófica ocidental, e por ser formador de tantos intelectuais e homens públicos brasileiros.1 Ora, para sermos mais simples, convém-nos dar-lhe unicamente o epíteto de filósofo, pois em Henrique Vaz nos deparamos com uma personalidade que encarna a tarefa da Filosofia como um empenho de vida e ação (...)
A VERDADE SOBRE OS CADERNOS NEGROS
Authors: Filho José Reinaldo F. Martins
Published: December 2019

Não é difícil admitir, por parte de críticos ou admiradores, que o pensamento de Martin Heidegger é, certamente, um dos episódios mais importantes da filosofia nas últimas décadas, como demonstra o seu legado e influência nas mais diferentes frentes do conhecimento, sejam elas a Teologia, a Psicologia, a Psiquiatria, as Artes, a Arquitetura, como também a própria Filosofia – especialmente em suas tendências fenomenológica e hermenêutica. Porém, com a mesma intensidade com que assentimos a essa constatação, é preciso igualmente admitir que o trato com a herança heideggeriana também suscitou severas incompreensões e, mais que isso, o pejorativo uso político de fragmentos aleatoriamente pinçados de sua obra (...)
Methodology to Analyze the Productive and Environmental Performance of a Supply Chain through Simulation Scenarios
Authors: Jiménez José Alfredo , Hernández Salvador , Ruelas Edgar Augusto , Baheza Roberto , Yáñez Pedro , Medina José Martín , Téllez Sandra , Tapia Moisés , Figueroa Vicente
Published: December 2019

This article aims to serve as a guide for the construction of supply chain simulation models designed with a lean approach, using Promodel software. To achieve this, a supply chain was designed for a fictitious company located in the City of Celaya, Guanajuato and a set of suppliers located in different cities within the same State. It was used as a google tool to define the distances between each of the companies. As a final result, a representative model of a supply chain was obtained, as well as a methodology that allows the construction of lean supply chains regardless of the number of companies that comprise it. The effect of the variability in the delivery times between suppliers was incorporated into the simulation model, as well as an equation that calculates the pollution emissions of the vehicles that integrate the network that moves the products between the companies. With this work it is possible to represent networks of supply chains of real world companies, where the variability and contamination factor is included, to facilitate the decision making regarding the number of vehicles, inventory levels, quantities to be shipped, frequency in the shipments, etc. with the purpose of contaminating as little as possible and at the same time preventing interruptions in the supply chain using the least amount of resources possible.
Electrochemical Performance Improvement of the Catalyst of the Methanol Micro-Fuel Cell Using Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kazemi Nasrabadi Mohammad , Ebrahimi-Moghadam Amir , Ahmadi Mohammad Hosein , Kumar Ravinder , Nabipour Narjes
Published: December 2019

Due to low working temperature, high energy density and low pollution, proton exchange fuel cells have been investigated under different operating conditions in different applications. Using platinum catalysts in methanol fuel cells leads to increasing the cost of this kind of fuel cell which is considered as a barrier to the commercialism of this technology. For this reason, a lot of efforts have been made to reduce the loading of the catalyst required on different supports. In this study, carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) have been used as catalyst supports of the fuel cell as well as using the double-metal combination of platinum-ruthenium (PtRu) as anode electrode catalyst and platinum (Pt) as cathode electrode catalyst. The performance of these two types of electro-catalyst in the oxidation reaction of methanol has been compared based on electrochemical tests. Results showed that the carbon nanotubes increase the performance of the micro-fuel cell by 37% at maximum power density, compared to the carbon black. Based on thee-electrode tests of chronoamperometry and voltammetry, it was found that the oxidation onset potential of methanol for CNT has been around 20% less than CB, leading to the kinetic improvement of the oxidation reaction. The current density of methanol oxidation reaction increased up to 62% in CNT sample compared to CB supported one, therefore the active electrochemical surface area of the catalyst has been increased up to 90% by using CNT compared to CB which shows the significant rise of the electrocatalytic activity in CNT supported catalyst. Moreover, the resistance of the CNT supported sample to poisonous intermediate species has been found 3% more than CB supported one. According to the chronoamperometry test results, it was concluded that the performance and sustainability of the CNT electro-catalyst show remarkable improvement compared to CB electro-catalyst in the long term.
Separation Axioms Interval-Valued Fuzzy Soft Topology via Quasi-Neighbourhood Structure
Authors: Ali Mabruka , Kılıçman Adem , Zahedi Khameneh Azadeh
Published: December 2019

In this study, we present the concept of interval-valued fuzzy soft point and then introduce the notions of neighborhood and quasi-neighbourhood of it in interval-valued fuzzy soft topological spaces. Separation axioms in interval-valued fuzzy soft topology, so-called $q$-$T_{i}$ for $ i=0,1,2,3,4 ,$ is introduced and some of its basic properties are also studied.
Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint Protein 1 Facilitates V(D)J Recombination in Cells Lacking DNA Repair Factor XLF
Authors: Beck Carole , Castañeda-Zegarra Sergio , Huse Camilla , Xing Mengtan , Oksenych Valentyn
Published: December 2019

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) trigger the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent DNA damage response (DDR), which consists of histone H2AX, MDC1, RNF168, 53BP1, PTIP, RIF1, Rev7, and Shieldin. Early stages of B and T lymphocyte development are dependent on recombination activating gene (RAG)-induced DSBs that form the basis for further V(D)J recombination. Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway factors recognize, process, and ligate DSBs. Based on numerous loss-of-function studies, DDR factors were thought to be dispensable for the V(D)J recombination. In particular, mice lacking Mediator of DNA Damage Checkpoint Protein 1(MDC1) possessed nearly wild-type levels of mature B and T lymphocytes in the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. NHEJ factor XRCC4-like factor (XLF)/Cernunnos is functionally redundant with ATM, histone H2AX, and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) during the lymphocyte development in mice. Here, we genetically inactivated MDC1, XLF, or both MDC1 and XLF in murine vAbl pro-B cell lines and, using chromosomally integrated substrates, demonstrated that MDC1 stimulates the V(D)J recombination in cells lacking XLF. Moreover, combined inactivation of MDC1 and XLF in mice resulted in synthetic lethality. Together, these findings suggest that MDC1 and XLF are functionally redundant during the mouse development, in general, and the V(D)J recombination, in particular.
Responsible Research and Innovation in Enterprises: Benefits, Barriers and the Problem of Assessment
Authors: Nazarko Lukasz
Published: December 2019

In the paper, the author takes stock of the conceptual reflection and empirical studies described in the current scientific literature on responsible innovation in the context of the emergence of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) concept. RRI has been promoted in the European Union as a part of the Europe 2020 strategy with the objective of making research and innovation more sustainable and inclusive. As more than half of the EU’s firms declare conducting innovation activities RRI problematic becomes more relevant than ever. There remain many open questions, unresolved dilemmas and empirical white spots that call for more research in this field. This paper’s main focus is the problem of RRI acceptance as a global framework for responsible innovation and the scarcity of suitable instruments that may help industry understand and adopt this concept. The main contribution of this paper are: the critical analysis of the RRI concept and its implications for industry, proposing a concept of RRI index for innovating enterprises.
Elucidating Binding Sites and Affinities of ERα Agonist and Antagonist to Human Alpha-Fetoprotein by in silico Modeling and Point Mutagenesis
Authors: Moldogazieva Nurbubu T. , Ostroverkhova Daria S. , Kuzmich Nikolai N. , Kadochnikov Vladimir V. , Terentiev Alexander A. , Porozov Yuri B.
Published: December 2019

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a major embryo- and tumor-associated protein capable of binding and transporting variety of hydrophobic ligands including estrogens. AFP has been shown to inhibit estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumor growth and this can be attributed to its estrogen-binding ability. Despite AFP has long been investigated, its three-dimensional (3D) structure has not been experimentally resolved and molecular mechanisms underlying AFP-ligand interaction remain obscure. In our study we constructed homology-based 3D model of human AFP (HAFP) with the purpose to perform docking of ERα ligands, three agonists (17β-estradiol, estrone and diethylstilbestrol) and three antagonists (tamoxifen, afimoxifene and endoxifen) into the obtained structure. Based on ligand docked scoring function, we identified three putative estrogen- and antiestrogen-binding sites with different ligand binding affinities. Two high-affinity sites were located in (i) a tunnel formed within HAFP subdomains IB and IIA and (ii) opposite side of the molecule in a groove originating from cavity formed between domains I and III, while (iii) the third low-affinity site was found at the bottom of the cavity. 100 ns MD simulation allowed studying their geometries and showed that HAFP-estrogen interactions occur due to van der Waals forces, while both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions were almost equally involved in HAFP-antiestrogen binding. MM/GBSA rescoring method estimated binding free energies (ΔGbind) and showed that antiestrogens have higher affinities to HAFP as compared to estrogens. We performed in silico point substitutions of amino acid residues to confirm their roles in HAFP-ligand interactions and showed that Thr132, Leu138, His170, Phe172, Ser217, Gln221, His266, His316, Lys453, and Asp478 residues along two disulfide bonds, Cys224-Cys270 and Cys269-Cys277 have key roles in both HAFP-estrogen and HAFP-antiestrogen binding. Data obtained in our study contribute to understanding mechanisms underlying protein-ligand interactions and anti-cancer therapy strategies based on ER-binding ligands.
Short Tear Break-Up Time and Seasonal Variation in Intra-Ocular Pressure
Authors: Ayaki Masahiko , Negishi Kazuno , Yuki Kenya , Kawashima Motoko , Uchino Miki , Tsubota Kazuo
Published: December 2019

Purpose: To evaluate seasonal variation in intra-ocular pressure (IOP) with and without short tear break-up time (SBUT, BUT ≤ 5 s). Methods: This study enrolled 176 patients who visited one of six eye clinics in Japan for IOP measurement at every season. The mean patient age was 67.9 years, including 79 males. We compared the seasonal variation in IOP (mean ± SD) across spring (Mar-May), summer (Jun-Aug), fall (Sep-Nov), and winter (Dec-Feb). Results: The IOP (mmHg) in winter and summer, respectively, was 12.8 ± 3.7 and 12.8 ± 3.1 for non-glaucoma patients without SBUT (n = 47, P = 0.964), 14.8 ± 3.4 and 13.3 ± 3.4 for non-glaucoma patients with SBUT (n = 57, P < 0.001), 14.3 ± 3.2 and 14.1 ± 3.4 for glaucoma patients without SBUT (n = 36, P = 0.489), and 13.3 ± 3.0 and 11.6 ± 2.9 for glaucoma with SBUT (n = 36, P < 0.001). Seasonal variation was largest across the seasons in the glaucoma with SBUT group, and the magnitude of seasonal variation correlated with BUT (β = 0.228, P = 0.003). Conclusions: Seasonal variation tended to be larger in patients with SBUT than those without SBUT.
Microalgae Wastewater Treatment: A Brief History
Authors: Paddock Matthew
Published: December 2019

Microalgae wastewater treatment has long been promoted as a sustainable method to handle the influx of human waste due to population growth. Initially, in the early 1900’s, microalgae was noted to increase wastewater treatment efficiency by aerating the water and consuming waste. By mid-century, wastewater grown microalgae was being investigated as a way to produce biomass for food, fuel, and other biomaterials. The space race in the 1960’s led to the use of microalgae in life support systems. Technological developments and political pressure in the 1970’s spurred studies of the impact of wastewater on the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans as well as methods to use microalgae wastewater treatment in aquaculture. Simultaneously, the oil crisis of that decade promoted research of alternative fuels, which included microalgae biofuels via the Aquatic Species Program. This program led to research into the use of wastewater as a feedstock for microalgae growth. By the later 2000’s, instability in the oil market caused another energy crisis which further prompted investment in microalgae biofuels, some of which involved combined wastewater treatment. Currently, microalgae wastewater treatment is being researched as a way to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions to curb global warming and produce sustainable biofuels.
The Effect of Whole Blood Viscosity on Intraoperative Graft Flow during Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: An Observational Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Sang-Wook , Jo Jun-Young , Kim Wook-Jong , Choi Dae-Kee , Choi In-Cheol
Published: December 2019

Background: Transit-time flow measurement (TTFM) is frequently used to evaluate intraoperative quality control during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Although TTFM has the ability to assess graft failure intraoperatively, the perioperative factors affecting TTFM during CABG surgery remain poorly understood. Methods: Patients who underwent CABG surgery at a single institution between July 2016 and May 2018 were prospectively evaluated. Patients’ demographic characteristics, previous medical history, Euroscore, the results of preoperative blood tests, and intraoperative data were recorded. TTFM and blood viscosity were measured hemodynamically, and mean flow (mL/min) and pulsatility index (PI) were recorded. Arterial blood gas was analyzed immediately after anastomosis of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to the left descending artery (LAD) and before sternal closure. Factors associated with TTFM were assessed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Of the 62 patients who underwent CABG surgery during the study period, 57 were evaluated, including 49 who underwent off-pump and eight who underwent on-pump surgery. Blood viscosity was not significantly associated with TTFM (p > 0.05). However, TTFM was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, and cardiac index (p < 0.05 each). Conclusions: Blood viscosity was not significantly associated with intraoperative graft flow. Blood flow of graft vessels, however, was significantly associated with BMI, systolic blood pressure, and cardiac index.
Retrospective and Randomized Analysis of Influence and Correlation of Molecular and Clinical Prognostic Factors in a Mono-Operative Series of 122 Patients with Glioblastoma Treated with STR or GTR
Authors: Salvati Maurizio , Bruzzaniti Placido , Rilucenti Michela , Nizzola Mariagrazia , Familiari Pietro , Galletta Santi , Giugliano Marco , Scafa Antony Kevin , Li Xiaobo , Chen Rui , Barbaranelli Claudio , Frati Alessandro , Santoro Antonio
Published: December 2019

Glioblastoma is a solid, infiltrating and the most frequent highly malignant primary brain tumor. Our aim was to find the prognostic value of mutations of IDH1, MGMT, EGFR, p53, ATRX, Ki67 genes and the correlation between sex, age, presenting with seizures, number of interventions, extent of resection with Overall Survival (OS), Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score. A randomized retrospective analysis of 122 patients treated by a single operator at Sapienza University of Rome, was carried out. After surgery patients followed standard treatment Stupp protocol [6]. Exclusion criteria were: patients with primitive brainstem and spinal cord gliomas and patients who underwent partial resections (resection < 90%) and cases of brain biopsy exclusively for diagnostic purposes. Statistical analysis with a simultaneous regression model was carried on by SPSS 25 ® (IBM) program. Results showed statistically significant survival increase in four groups: 1) patients treated with gross total resection (p< 0.03); 2) patients with methylated MGMT promoter (p<0.005); 3) patients with non EGFR amplification or EGFRvIII mutation (p<0.035); 4) mutated IDH1/IDH2 (p<0.0161). Higher survival rates (but not statistically significant) were observed also in patients with: age < 75 years, Ki 67 <10%, lesions in non eloquent areas, ATRX gene mutation and presentation with seizures.
Synthetic Biology for Terraformation: Lessons from Mars, Earth and the Microbiome
Authors: Conde-Pueyo Nuria , Vidiella Rocamora Blai , Sardanyes Josep , Berdugo Miguel , Maestre Fernando , de Lorenzo Victor , Sole Ricard
Published: December 2019

What is the potential for synthetic biology as a way of engineering, on a large scale, complex ecosystems? Can it be used to change endangered ecological communities and rescue them to prevent their collapse? What are the best strategies for such ecological engineering paths to succeed? Is it possible to create stable, diverse synthetic ecosystems capable of persisting in closed environments? Can synthetic communities be created to thrive on planets different from ours? These and other questions pervade major future developments within synthetic biology. The goal of engineering ecosystems is plagued with all kinds of technological, scientific and ethic problems. In this paper we consider the requirements for Terraformation, i. e. for changing a given environment to make it hospitable to some given class of life forms. Although the standard use of this term involved strategies for planetary terraformation, it has been recently suggested that this approach could be applied to a very different context: ecological communities within our own planet. As discussed here, this includes multiple scales, from the gut microbiome to the entire biosphere.
Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (pcALCL) in Elderly, the Importance of a Sport Activity Training
Authors: Sica Antonello , Vitiello Paola , Ronchi Andrea , Casale Beniamino , Calogero Armando , Sagnelli Evangelista , Costa Nachtigal Gilca , Troiani Teresa , Franco Renato , Argenziano Giuseppe , Moscarella Elvira , Sagnelli Caterina
Published: December 2019

PcALCL mainly concerns elderly patients. It is a large CD30+ T-cell neoplasm composed of large cells with anaplastic, pleomorphic or immunoblastic morphology, with exclusively cutaneous onset and localization. The clinical course of pcALCL is predominantly indolent. Most elderly patients with lymphoma tend to have a sedentary lifestyle, which has a negative effect on their quality of life (QoL) and on their survival. Several studies indicate that exercise has a positive impact on QoL because it reduces peak oxygen consumption, improves physical capacity, increases self-esteem, reduces accumulated stress and promotes relaxation. Therefore, particularly in indolent lymphomas, it is necessary to indicate a program of physical activity to be practiced systematically. The complete surgical excision and local radiotherapy are the first line gold standard in pcALCL with solitary lesion.
Post-Operative Chronic Pain Control in Mediastinal Lymphomas in An Elderly Population: the Role of Physical Activity
Authors: Sica Antonello , Casale Beniamino , Sagnelli Caterina , Calogero Armando , Di Dato Maria Teresa , Spada Alessandro , Rispoli Marco , Santagata Mario , Buonavolontà Pietro , Fiorelli Alfonso , Tammaro Vincenzo , Ciccozzi Massimo , Salzano Anna , Sagnelli Evangelista , Saracco Elisabetta , Tammaro Dario , Papa Alfonso
Published: December 2019

Thoracotomy is one of the most painful types of incision a patient can experience. Pain is a very complex pathophysiological entity. Neuronal pathophysiological mechanisms are integrated with the immunological response, which amplify inflammation and pain. Prolonged inflammation induces a pathological response of the immune-system and constantly stimulate the nociceptive pathways generating chronic pain. The mechanisms are particularly altered in lymphomas, where pain following chest surgery often becomes chronic and reduces the quality of life. In this study 51 elderly patients who had undergone a transthoracic biopsy to verify the suspect of mediastinal lymphoma were examined for pain reduction with oral opioids, effect of epidural analgesia and paravertebral block. Subsequently, patients underwent tensed torsion exercises, progressively intensified. After the first few days, patients walked progressively for 20 minutes a day. Once discharged a program of patients started aerobic exercises to increase muscle endurance and to strengthen the extensor muscles of the legs and of the upper limbs. The systemic administration of opioids is the simplest and most common method of providing analgesia for postoperative pain, but early mobilization, respiratory rehabilitation, and muscle toning exercises are excellent support devices both for physical and psychological recovery.
Altertoxins with Quorum Sensing Inhibitory Activities from the Marine-Derived Fungus Cladosporium sp. KFD33
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhou Li-Man , Kong Fan-Dong , Ma Qing-Yun , Xie Qing-Yi , Li Jiu-Hui , Dai Hao-Fu , Guo Lei , Zhao You-Xing
Published: December 2019

Five new perylenequinone derivatives, altertoxins VIII-XII (1-5), as well as one known compound cladosporol I (6), were isolated from the fermentation broth of Cladosporium sp. KFD33 from a blood cockle from Haikou Bay, China. Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods and ECD spectra analysis along with quantum ECD calculations. Compounds 1-6 exhibited quorum sensing inhibitory activities against Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 with MIC values of 30, 30, 20, 30, 20 and 30 μg/well, respectively.
Modelling Distributed Systems in Distributed Autonomous and Asynchronous Automata (DA3)
Authors: Daszczuk Wiktor
Published: December 2019

Integrated Model of Distributed Systems is used for modeling and veriﬁcation. In formalism, the distributed system is modeled as a collection of server states and agent messages. The evolution of the system takes the form of actions that transform the global system conﬁguration (states and messages) into a new conﬁguration. Formalism is used in the Dedan veriﬁcation environment for ﬁnding diﬀerent kinds of deadlocks: communication deadlocks in the server view and resource deadlocks in the agent view. For other purposes, a conversion has been developed to equivalent models: to Petri nets for structural analysis and do Distributed Autonomous and Asynchronous Automata (DA3) for easy graphical modeling in terms of system components. In addition, it is possible to simulate a veriﬁed system on distributed components in DA3. The automata have two forms: Server-DA3 (S-DA3) for the server view and Agent-DA3 (A-DA3) for the agent view. DA3 formalism is compared to other concepts of distributed automata known from the literature.