bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A clustering analysis of eddies' spatial distribution in the South China Sea
Authors: Yi J. , Du Y. , Wang X. , He Z. , Zhou C.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Spatial variation is important for studying the mesoscale eddies in the South China Sea (SCS). To investigate such spatial variations, this study made a clustering analysis on eddies' distribution using the K-means approach. Results showed that clustering tendency of anticyclonic eddies (AEs) and cyclonic eddies (CEs) were weak but not random, and the number of clusters were proved greater than four. Finer clustering results showed 10 regions where AEs densely populated and 6 regions for CEs in the SCS. Previous studies confirmed these partitions and possible generation mechanisms were related. Comparisons between AEs and CEs revealed that patterns of AE are relatively more aggregated than those of CE, and specific distinctions were summarized: (1) to the southwest of Luzon Island, AEs and CEs are generated spatially apart; AEs are likely located north of 14° N and closer to shore, while CEs are to the south and further offshore. (2) The central SCS and Nansha Trough are mostly dominated by AEs. (3) Along 112° E, clusters of AEs and CEs are located sequentially apart, and the pairs off Vietnam represent the dipole structures. (4) To the southwest of the Dongsha Islands, AEs are concentrated to the east of CEs. Overlaps of AEs and CEs in the northeastern and southern SCS were further examined considering seasonal variations. The northeastern overlap represented near-concentric distributions while the southern one was a mixed effect of seasonal variations, complex circulations and topography influences.
Land-use change effects on soil quality in Montilla-Moriles DO, Southern Spain
Authors: Martín-Carrillo M. , Parras-Alcántara L. , Lozano-García B.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. The agricultural Mediterranean areas are dedicated to arable crops (AC), but in the last few decades, a significant number of AC has a land use change (LUC) to olive grove cultivations (OG) and vineyards (V). A field study was conducted to determine the long-term effects (46 yr) of LUC (AC by OG and V) and to determine soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), C:N ratio and their stratification across the soil entire profile, in Montilla-Moriles denomination of origin (DO), in Calcic-Chromic Luvisols (LVcc/cr), an area under semiarid Mediterranean conditions. The experimental design consisted of studying the LUC on one farm between 1965 and 2011. Originally, only AC was farmed in 1965, but OG and V were farmed up to now (2011). This LUC principally affected the thickness horizon, texture, bulk density, pH, organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen and C:N ratio. The LUC had a negative impact in the soil, affecting the SOC and TN stocks. The conversion from AC to V and OG involved the loss of the SOC stock (52.7% and 64.9% to V and OG, respectively) and the loss of the TN stock (42.6% and 38.1% to V and OG, respectively). With respect to the soil quality, the effect was opposite; 46\\,yr after LUC improved the soil quality, increasing the stratification ratio (in V and OG) of SOC, TN and C:N ratio.
El camino a la igualdad real: La presencia de la mujer en el ámbito académico
Authors: Lluch Hernández Ana
Published: February 2013

La posición de la mujer dentro del ámbito científico ha sufrido una importante evolución en los últimos años, especialmente en la última década con la aprobación de diferentes medidas para conseguir la igualdad efectiva entre mujeres y hombres. A pesar de esto, y de que el número de mujeres es cada vez mayor en las universidades, todavía queda camino por recorrer.
ZnO p–n Homojunction Random Laser Diode Based on Nitrogen‐Doped p‐type Nanowires
Authors: Huang Jian , Chu Sheng , Kong Jieying , Zhang Long , Schwarz Casey M. , Wang Guoping , Chernyak Leonid , Chen Zhanghai , Liu Jianlin
Published: February 2013

An electrically pumped ZnO homojunction random laser diode based on nitrogen‐doped p‐type ZnO nanowires is reported. Nitrogen‐doped ZnO nanowires are grown on a ZnO thin film on a silicon substrate by chemical vapor deposition without using any metal catalyst. The p‐type behavior is studied by output characteristics and transfer characteristic of the nanowire back‐gated field‐effect transistor, as well as low‐temperature photoluminescence. The formation of the p–n junction is confirmed by the current–voltage characteristic and electron beam‐induced current. The nanowire/thin‐film p–n junction acts as random laser diode. The random lasing behavior is demonstrated by using both optical pumping and electrical pumping, with thresholds of 300 kW/cm2 and 40 mA, respectively. The angle‐dependant electroluminescence of the device further proves the random lasing mechanism. An output power of 70 nW is measured at a drive current of 70 mA.
Transradial coronary angiography with virtual 1 French, sheathless 3 French catheter
Authors: Ijichi Takeshi , Ikari Yuji
Published: February 2013

Minimizing catheter size can reduce bleeding complications in coronary angiography. We herein report extreme slender “needle size” (19‐G) coronary diagnostic catheterization using a new 3‐Fr diagnostic catheter by sheathless method. A 58‐year‐old man having effort angina underwent coronary angiography. The 3‐Fr Ikari Left diagnostic catheter, which is equal to 19‐G, was inserted smoothly both for left and right coronary arteries by sheathless method. We only needed 4 min to achieve hemostasis with manual compression after catheter withdrawal in this case. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late MitraClip procedure after left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Cammalleri Valeria , Scandura Salvatore , Tamburino Corrado , Ussia Gian Paolo
Published: February 2013

We report the first human case of percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair using MitraClip System (Abbott Vascular, Abbott Park, IL) in a patient, who previously underwent left atrial appendage closure with PLAATO™ System (ev3. Inc., Plymouth, MN). The procedure was successfully performed using the standard MitraClip technique, in the catheterization laboratory, with transesophageal echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance. We showed that a double percutaneous procedure for stroke prevention and mitral regurgitation treatment might be a valid approach in selected patients ineligible for chronic anticoagulation therapy and at high risk for conventional cardiac surgery. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Testing Alternative Measure Changes in Nonparametric Pricing and Hedging of European Options
Authors: Alcock Jamie , Smith Godfrey
Published: February 2013

Haley and Walker [Haley, M.R., & Walker, T. (2010). Journal of Futures Markets, 30, 983–1006] present the Euclidean and Empirical Likelihood nonparametric option pricing models as alternative tilts to Stutzer's [Stutzer, M. (1996). Journal of Finance, 51, 1633–1652] Canonical pricing method. We empirically test the comparative strengths of each of these methods using a large sample of traded options on the S&P100 Index. Furthermore, we explore an additional tilt based on Pearson's chi‐square, and derive and empirically test nonparametric delta hedges for each of these approaches. Differences in the pricing performance of the various tilts are a function of differences between the sample distribution and the real distribution of the underlying. When the sample distribution displays fatter (thinner) tails and/or higher (lower) volatility than the true distribution, the Euclidean (Pearson's chi‐square) model outperforms. Significantly, when these nonparametric methods utilize information contained in a small number of observed option prices they often outperform the implied volatility Black and Scholes [Black, F., & Scholes, M. (1973). Journal of Political Economy, 81, 637–654] model. These pricing performance differences do not translate into static and dynamic hedging performance differences. However, each of the nonparametric models induce an implied volatility smile and term structure that generally agree in form with the smile and term structure embedded in market prices. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:320–345, 2014
PRAMIPEXOLE‐INDUCED DISRUPTION OF BEHAVIORAL PROCESSES FUNDAMENTAL TO INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE
Authors: Johnson Patrick S. , Stein Jeffrey S. , Smits Rochelle R. , Madden Gregory J.
Published: February 2013

Evaluating the effects of presession drug administration on intertemporal choice in nonhumans is a useful approach for identifying compounds that promote impulsive behavior in clinical populations, such as those prescribed the dopamine agonist pramipexole (PPX). Based on the results of previous studies, it is unclear whether PPX increases rats' impulsive choice or attenuates aspects of stimulus control. The present study was designed to experimentally isolate behavioral processes fundamental to intertemporal choice and challenge them pharmacologically with PPX administration. In Experiment 1, the hypothesis that PPX increases impulsive choice as a result of enhanced sensitivity to reinforcer delays was tested and disconfirmed. That is, acute PPX diminished delay sensitivity in a manner consistent with disruption of stimulus control whereas repeated PPX had no effect on delay sensitivity. Experiments 2 and 3 elaborated upon this finding by examining the effects of repeated PPX on rats' discrimination of response–reinforcer contingencies and reinforcer amounts, respectively. Accuracy of both discriminations was reduced by PPX. Collectively these results provide no support for past studies that have suggested PPX increases impulsive choice. Instead, PPX impairs stimulus control over choice behavior. The behavioral approach adopted herein could be profitably integrated with genetic and other biobehavioral models to advance our understanding of impulsive behavior associated with drug administration.
Synthesis of highly monodisperse quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads by impregnation and precipitation techniques
Authors: Chen Jiean , Yang Chengli , Li Xue , Zhang Heng , Jiang Biwang
Published: February 2013

A novel approach to the synthesis of highly monodisperse quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads by combining impregnation and precipitation techniques was reported. The monodisperse poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) beads were first synthesized by dispersion polymerization. Then, the PGMA beads were chemically modified to generate carboxyl groups, and impregnation of cadmium ions (Cd2+) inside the beads. Subsequently, the cadmium ions were reacted with thioacetamide to form cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots within the polymer beads. The morphology, structure, and properties of CdS quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope, fluorescence spectrophotometer, fluorescence microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the CdS quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads had an average size of 1.4 μm, and were highly monodisperse. More interestingly, the CdS quantum dots distributed evenly within the polymer beads, which provide very strong fluorescence intensity. The existence of carboxyl groups on the quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads was measured quantitatively, and was found to be 0.2 mmol/g. These CdS quantum dot‐loaded polymer beads involving functional carboxyl groups would have potential applications in biological immunoassay and photoelectronic fields. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Application of chromosomal DNA and protein targeting for the identification of Yersinia pestis
Authors: Larson Marilynn A. , Ding Shi‐Jian , Slater Shawn R. , Hanway Anna , Bartling Amanda M. , Fey Paul D. , Lockridge Oksana , Francesconi Stephen C. , Hinrichs Steven H.
Published: February 2013

Purpose

A comprehensive strategy was developed and validated for the identification of pathogens from closely related near neighbors using both chromosomal and protein biomarkers, with emphasis on distinguishing Yersinia pestis from the ancestral bacterium Yersinia pseudotuberculosis.

Experimental design

Computational analysis was used to discover chromosomal targets unique to Y. pestis. Locus identifier YPO1670 was selected for further validation and PCR was used to confirm that this biomarker was exclusively present in Y. pestis strains, while absent in other Yersinia species. RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses were utilized to evaluate YPO1670 expression and MRM MS was performed to identify the YPO1670 protein within cell lysates.

Results

The described study validated that YPO1670 was exclusive to Y. pestis. PCR confirmed the locus to be unique to Y. pestis. The associated transcript and protein were produced throughout growth with the highest abundance occurring in stationary phase and MRM MS conclusively identified the YPO1670 protein in cell extracts.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

These findings validated YPO1670 as a reliable candidate biomarker for Y. pestis and that a dual DNA and protein targeting approach is feasible for the development of next‐generation assays to accurately differentiate pathogens from near neighbors.
Ellipsometric characterization of inhomogeneous non‐stoichiometric silicon nitride films
Authors: Nečas David , Franta Daniel , Ohlídal Ivan , Poruba Aleš , Wostrý Petr
Published: February 2013

Variable‐angle spectroscopic ellipsometry is employed for the optical characterization of non‐stoichiometric silicon nitride thin films exhibiting inhomogeneity formed by refractive index and extinction index changes through the film thickness. For all the film samples, the best fit of the experimental data is achieved if, in addition to the inhomogeneity, an overlayer or roughness of the upper boundary is included. However, distinguishing of these two defects is found not to be possible. The influence of working gas ratio, deposition temperature and on/off time on the film properties is studied. The refractive index and extinction coefficient is found to increase with increasing working gas ratio and less significantly with decreasing deposition temperature. It is also found that the inhomogeneity increases with decreasing deposition temperature, and the deposition rate of the films decreases with increasing working gas ratio. The influence of the on/off time on the film properties is practically unimportant. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐Port Cholecystectomy Versus Multi‐Port Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Cohort Study with 222 Patients
Authors: Wagner Markus J. , Kern Hans , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Mehler Jan , Schoenberg Michael H.
Published: February 2013

Background

The aim of this study was to compare single‐port access cholecystectomy (SPA) with the standard laparoscopic technique (LC) regarding the duration of the operation, complications, learning curve, late postoperative quality of life (QoL) and the incidence of incisional hernias.

Methods

Between June 2009 and December 2011, a total of 122 SPA cholecystectomies were performed in our hospital. Simultaneously, 310 patients were operated on with the LC technique. In the LC group, 100 patients met the same criteria defined for SPA surgery. The two groups (SPA and LC) were compared by multivariable regression analysis. Endpoints of this study were quality of life (QoL) after 6 months by the EQ‐5D questionnaire 5L and the incidence of incisional hernia 1 year after surgery. Operating time, hospital stay, and perioperative complications were also measured and compared. The median follow‐up was 9.2 months (3–25 months).

Results

The patients in the SPA group were younger and more often female. The mean operating time for group SPA was 73 min (35–136 min)—significantly longer than that for group LC with 60 min (33–190 min) (p < 0.001). Additional trocars were used in 8 of 122 (6.5 %) SPA patients. A conversion to open cholecystectomy was not necessary in SPA patients. The conversion rate in the LC group to open cholecystectomy was 2 % (2/100). The perioperative and postoperative complications and incisional hernia (5.5 %) were the same in both groups. QoL was significantly better in the SPA group in terms of mobility (p = 0,002), usual activity (p = 0.036), and overall anxiety (p = 0.026).

Conclusions

SPA cholecystectomy is safe, although the operation is significantly longer. No differences in terms of major complications or the incidence of incisional hernia were seen after 1 year. QoL was significantly better in patients operated on with the SPA technique.
Promoting Public Awareness and Engagement in Genome Sciences
Authors: Haga Susanne B. , Rosanbalm Katie D. , Boles Larry , Tindall Genevieve M. , Livingston Troy M. , O'Daniel Julianne M.
Published: February 2013

Public understanding of genetic concepts and associated ethical and policy issues can enable informed deliberation and decision‐making. Effective strategies for increasing public understanding involve providing forums incorporating the unique perspectives and attitudes of the public, while allowing opportunities to learn first‐hand from scientists about genome research and related applications. Through a partnership between the Duke Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy (IGSP) and the Museum of Life and Science in Durham, NC, we developed and piloted a program aimed to bridge the concepts of formal (public school) and informal (community‐based science museum) science learning with the experiential context of family and participatory learning. Called Genome Diner, we piloted the program with 40 genetic/genomic researchers, 76 middle school students and their parents (n = 83) from Durham, NC. Program impact was assessed via pre/post surveys for each participant group. Following participation, parents were significantly more likely to correctly interpret the implications of a genome research finding, and both students and parents indicated higher interest in research as well as higher confidence in accessing and understanding genome research. Genetic literacy of parents and students was not affected by participation in the program, likely due to the relatively high knowledge scores pre‐Diner: 88.3 % and 78.5 %, respectively. The interactive format of Genome Diner provided an opportunity for students and parents to explore and discuss interests and issues about genomic research alongside genome scientists, positively influencing attitudes toward genetic research and researchers themselves. These interactions are critical for maintaining public interest and knowledge about genomic research and applications.
The structure and petrology of the Cnoc nan Cuilean Intrusion, Loch Loyal Syenite Complex, NW Scotland
Authors: HUGHES HANNAH S. R. , GOODENOUGH KATHRYN M. , WALTERS ABIGAIL S. , MCCORMAC MICHAEL , GUNN A. GUS , LACINSKA ALICJA
Published: February 2013

In NW Scotland, several alkaline intrusive complexes of Silurian age intrude the Caledonian orogenic front. The most northerly is the Loch Loyal Syenite Complex, which is divided into three separate intrusions (Ben Loyal, Beinn Stumanadh and Cnoc nan Cuilean). Mapping of the Cnoc nan Cuilean intrusion shows two main zones: a Mixed Syenite Zone (MZ) and a Massive Leucosyenite Zone (LZ), with a gradational contact. The MZ forms a lopolith, with multiple syenitic lithologies, including early basic melasyenites and later felsic leucosyenites. Leucosyenite melts mixed and mingled with melasyenites, resulting in extreme heterogeneity within the MZ. Continued felsic magmatism resulted in formation of the relatively homogeneous LZ, invading western parts of the MZ and now forming the topographically highest terrane. The identification of pegmatites, microgranitic veins and unusual biotite-magnetite veins demonstrates the intrusion's complex petrogenesis. Cross-sections have been used to create a novel 3D GoCad™ model contributing to our understanding of the intrusion. The Loch Loyal Syenite Complex is known to have relatively high concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs), and thus the area has potential economic and strategic value. At Cnoc nan Cuilean, abundant REE-bearing allanite is present within melasyenites of the MZ. Extensive hydrothermal alteration of melasyenites here formed steeply dipping biotite-magnetite veins, most enriched in allanite and other REE-bearing accessories. This study has thus identified the area of greatest importance for further study of REE enrichment processes in the Cnoc nan Cuilean intrusion.
Bipartite entanglement, spherical actions, and geometry of local unitary orbits
Authors: Huckleberry Alan , Kuś Marek , Sawicki Adam
Published: February 2013

We use the geometry of the moment map to investigate properties of pure entangled states of composite quantum systems. The orbits of equally entangled states are mapped by the moment map onto coadjoint orbits of local transformations (unitary transformations which do not change entanglement). Thus, the geometry of coadjoint orbits provides a partial classification of different entanglement classes. To achieve the full classification, a further study of fibers of the moment map is needed. We show how this can be done effectively in the case of the bipartite entanglement by employing Brion's theorem. In particular, we presented the exact description of the partial symplectic structure of all local orbits for two bosons, fermions, and distinguishable particles putting a special emphasis on the generality of the approach allowing one to consider all three cases in completely parallel manners.
Full-configuration-interaction study of the metal-insulator transition in model systems: Peierls dimerization in Hn rings and chains
Authors: Giner Emmanuel , Bendazzoli Gian Luigi , Evangelisti Stefano , Monari Antonio
Published: February 2013

The Peierls dimerization with associated metal-insulator transition is studied in a model systems with ab initio methods. These are chains and rings HN of hydrogen atoms treated by full CI using a minimal STO-3G atomic orbital basis for N = 6 to N = 14. We describe and discuss in some detail the potential energy surface governing Peierls’ dimerization and study the localization tensor as the indicator of the metal-insulator transition. Results for linear chains and rings are compared.
Spectroscopic properties and quantum cutting in Tb3+–Yb3+ co-doped ZrO2 nanocrystals
Authors: Terra I. A. A. , Borrero-González L. J. , Carvalho J. M. , Terrile M. C. , Felinto M. C. F. C. , Brito H. F. , Nunes L. A. O.
Published: February 2013

Ultraviolet-visible to near-infrared quantum cutting (QC) materials are a promising tool to enhance the efficiency of conventional crystalline silicon solar cells. The spectroscopic properties of Tb3+–Yb3+ co-doped ZrO2 nanocrystals are presented, and the QC mechanisms in these nanocrystals are investigated. The materials were fabricated using the sol gel method and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray absorption near edge structure, and luminescence spectroscopy. The incorporation of Yb3+ ions into the host induced a crystalline phase change of ZrO2 from monoclinic to tetragonal to cubic symmetry and influenced the Tb valence state. The Tb3+ visible emission, excitation intensity (monitored by the Tb3+:5D4 emission), decay time of the Tb3+:5D4 emitter level, and down-conversion (DC) emission intensity increased with Yb3+ concentration. Furthermore, a sublinear dependence of the DC intensity on the excitation power at the Tb3+:5D4 level indicated the coexistence of two different QC mechanisms from Tb3+ → Yb3+. The first one is a linear process in which one Tb3+ ion transfers its energy simultaneously to two Yb3+ ions, known as cooperative energy transfer, and the second one is a non-linear process involving an intermediated virtual level in the Tb3+ ion.
Effects of ciprofloxacin on the expression and production of exotoxins by Clostridium difficile
Authors: Aldape Michael John , Packham Aaron Eugene , Nute Drew William , Bryant Amy Evelyn , Stevens Dennis Leroy
Published: February 2013

Hypervirulent BI/NAP1/027 strains of Clostridium difficile have been associated with increased mortality of C. difficile infection (CDI). The emergence of highly fluoroquinolone (FLQ)-resistant BI/NAP1/027 strains suggests that FLQ exposure may be a risk factor for CDI development. However, the mechanism for this is not clear. We compared the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin on Toxin A and B gene expression and protein production in recent (strain 039) and historical (strain 5325) BI/NAP1/027 clinical isolates with high- and low-level ciprofloxacin resistance, respectively. In the highly ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate (strain 039), ciprofloxacin significantly and dose-dependently increased Toxin A gene expression and shifted its expression to earlier in its growth cycle; TcdB gene expression also increased but was less sensitive to low-dose ciprofloxacin. Maximal Toxin A/B production (4 ng ml−1) was increased twofold and occurred significantly earlier than in the untreated control. In strain 5325, ciprofloxacin at 0.25×MIC markedly increased both tcdA and tcdB expression but their temporal dynamics were unchanged. Maximal toxin production (250 ng ml−1) was reduced approximately threefold compared with that of the untreated control. These results demonstrate significant differences in ciprofloxacin-induced toxin gene expression and protein production among BI/NAP1/027 isolates, and offer a new paradigm for FLQ-associated CDI caused by recent, highly antibiotic-resistant strains.
Temporal and spatial characterization of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Trcek Tatjana , Sato Hanae , Singer Robert H. , Maquat Lynne E.
Published: February 2013

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a quality control mechanism responsible for “surveying” mRNAs during translation and degrading those that harbor a premature termination codon (PTC). Currently the intracellular spatial location of NMD and the kinetics of its decay step in mammalian cells are under debate. To address these issues, we used single-RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and measured the NMD of PTC-containing β-globin mRNA in intact single cells after the induction of β-globin gene transcription. This approach preserves temporal and spatial information of the NMD process, both of which would be lost in an ensemble study. We determined that decay of the majority of PTC-containing β-globin mRNA occurs soon after its export into the cytoplasm, with a half-life of <1 min; the remainder is degraded with a half-life of >12 h, similar to the half-life of normal PTC-free β-globin mRNA, indicating that it had evaded NMD. Importantly, NMD does not occur within the nucleoplasm, thus countering the long-debated idea of nuclear degradation of PTC-containing transcripts. We provide a spatial and temporal model for the biphasic decay of NMD targets.
Safety and efficacy of calcium and magnesium infusions in the chemoprevention of oxaliplatin‐induced sensory neuropathy in gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Xu Xi Tao , Dai Zhang Han , Xu Qi , Qiao Yu Qi , Gu Yan , Nie Fang , Zhu Ming Ming , Tong Jin Lu , Ran Zhi Hua
Published: February 2013

Objective

To derive a more precise estimation on the safety and efficacy of calcium and magnesium (Ca and Mg) infusions in the prevention of oxaliplatin‐induced sensory neuropathy.

Methods

A total of 16 studies including 1765 individuals were involved in this meta‐analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.

Results

The difference in the incidence of oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathy grade ≥ 1 was statistically significant between the Ca and Mg infusions treatment group and the untreated group (National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria [NCI CTC]: OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.31–0.62, P = 0.000; oxaliplatin‐specific scale [OSS]: OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.45, P = 0.000). Similar results were found in the incidences of oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathy grade ≥ 2 (NCI CTC: OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.46–0.77, P = 0.000; OSS: OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.30–0.67, P = 0.000). However, we did not detect a trend of fewer oxaliplatin‐induced neuropathy grade ≥ 3 incidences in the Ca and Mg infusions treatment group than the untreated group (NCI CTC: OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.44–1.01, P = 0.054; OSS: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.34–1.29, P = 0.224). There was no difference in the response rate between the Ca and Mg treated group and the untreated group (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.67–1.17, P = 0.391).

Conclusion

Ca and Mg infusions do not alter the efficacy of oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy in gastrointestinal cancers, which may be reasonable to add them to lessen the incidence of neuropathy.
Vascular endothelial growth factors signalling in normal human dental pulp: a study of gene and protein expression
Authors: Virtej Anca , Løes Sigbjørn , Iden Ole , Bletsa Athanasia , Berggreen Ellen
Published: February 2013

In the well‐vascularized dental pulp vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A) is expressed. Vascular endothelial growth factor A is a member of the VEGF family, which includes VEGFs‐B, ‐C, and ‐D. The latter three have not been investigated in the pulp. Vascular endothelial growth factors C and D are the only ligands for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)‐3, which is usually expressed in lymphatic endothelium. They can also activate VEGFR‐2, the main angiogenic receptor. We aimed to study VEGFs signalling in human dental pulp at the gene level and to identify the cellular source for protein expression using immunolabelling. All VEGFs (‐A, ‐B, ‐C, and ‐D) were expressed in the pulp and may exert both autocrine and paracrine effects in blood vessels and immune cells found to be equipped with VEGFRs‐2 and ‐3. Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐positive macrophages, known to be involved in angiogenesis, were found in the pulp, whereas lymphatic vessels were not detected. Twenty‐six of 84 VEGF signalling genes, including VEGFR‐3, were expressed at a significantly higher level in the pulp than in the control periodontal ligament. In conclusion, the normal human pulp represents a tissue with relatively high VEGF signalling involving both immune responses and vascular activity.
High‐precision genetic mapping of behavioral traits in the diversity outbred mouse population
Authors: Logan R. W. , Robledo R. F. , Recla J. M. , Philip V. M. , Bubier J. A. , Jay J. J. , Harwood C. , Wilcox T. , Gatti D. M. , Bult C. J. , Churchill G. A. , Chesler E. J.
Published: February 2013

Historically our ability to identify genetic variants underlying complex behavioral traits in mice has been limited by low mapping resolution of conventional mouse crosses. The newly developed Diversity Outbred (DO) population promises to deliver improved resolution that will circumvent costly fine‐mapping studies. The DO is derived from the same founder strains as the Collaborative Cross (CC), including three wild‐derived strains. Thus the DO provides more allelic diversity and greater potential for discovery compared to crosses involving standard mouse strains. We have characterized 283 male and female DO mice using open‐field, light–dark box, tail‐suspension and visual‐cliff avoidance tests to generate 38 behavioral measures. We identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these traits with support intervals ranging from 1 to 3 Mb in size. These intervals contain relatively few genes (ranging from 5 to 96). For a majority of QTL, using the founder allelic effects together with whole genome sequence data, we could further narrow the positional candidates. Several QTL replicate previously published loci. Novel loci were also identified for anxiety‐ and activity‐related traits. Half of the QTLs are associated with wild‐derived alleles, confirming the value to behavioral genetics of added genetic diversity in the DO. In the presence of wild‐alleles we sometimes observe behaviors that are qualitatively different from the expected response. Our results demonstrate that high‐precision mapping of behavioral traits can be achieved with moderate numbers of DO animals, representing a significant advance in our ability to leverage the mouse as a tool for behavioral genetics.
Dry‐matter yield of Lotus varieties in grass–white clover mixtures in a low‐fertility soil
Authors: Marshall A. H. , Fothergill M. , Rees E. , Sizer‐Coverdale E. , Collins R. P.
Published: February 2013

Lotus corniculatus (bird's‐foot trefoil) and L. pedunculatus (greater bird's‐foot trefoil) have the potential to contribute nutritional benefits to grass–legume swards in temperate regions, but there is a lack of information on their competitive ability in such mixtures. This experiment compared the sward contribution and condensed tannin (CT) content of nine Lotus varieties established in plots on a low‐fertility upland site in Wales, UK, containing mixtures of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and white clover (Trifolium repens) varieties of different leaf size, or without white clover (control). Total dry‐matter (DM) yields and Lotus DM were evaluated in two cuts in each of three harvest years, with CT content of Lotus measured at Cut 1 in each year. Lotus corniculatus varieties were significantly higher yielding than those of L. pedunculatus, except in Year 3. In all cuts, except Cut 1 in Year 1 and Year 3, the presence of white clover increased total DM yield compared with the zero‐clover treatment. Total DM yields were higher with large‐leaved cv. Katrina than with small‐leaved cv. AberAce except for Cut 1 in Year 1. Annual Lotus DM yields were significantly higher in the presence of white clover, except in Year 3, but were not significantly affected by white clover leaf size. The highest concentration of sward CT (17 mg g−1 of sward DM) was insufficient to bring about measurable environmental benefits. A Lotus breeding programme aimed at increasing the leaf/stem ratio within persistent germplasm could be pursued to ensure delivery of appropriate levels of sward CT.
Comparison of clinical and cost‐effectiveness of psoralen + ultraviolet A versus psoralen + sunlight in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis in a developing economy
Authors: Aggarwal Komal , Khandpur Sujay , Khanna Neena , Sharma Vinod K. , Pandav Chandrakant S.
Published: February 2013

Psoralen + ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy is an established modality for psoriasis. As India is a tropical country that has good availability of natural sunlight psoralen + sunlight (PUVAsol) may be a more convenient option. To compare the efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of PUVA versus PUVAsol in chronic plaque psoriasis. Cases of chronic plaque psoriasis with body surface area ≥10% or Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) ≥10, excluding erythrodermic or pustular psoriasis, were randomized to receive either PUVA or PUVAsol, with endpoint being the achievement of PASI 90 or completion of 12 weeks treatment, whichever is earlier. Cost analysis was also undertaken. Thirty‐six cases (16 in PUVA and 20 in PUVAsol group) completed treatment. In the PUVA group, 15 cases (93.75%) responded to therapy while in the PUVAsol group, 15 (75%) responded (P = 0.29). Mean baseline PASI in the PUVA and PUVAsol groups was 16 and 14.4, respectively, and at endpoint was 1.62 and 3.77. There was a significantly greater reduction in PASI in the PUVA group at 2 and 4 weeks but at 8 and 12 weeks and endpoint, it was comparable. Treatment failure occurred in 6.25% and 25% of cases respectively (P = 0.29). Side effects were higher with PUVA. Total cost of therapy was significantly higher in the PUVA group (P = 0.002). Cost‐effectiveness ratio was US$0.72 with PUVA and US$0.37 with PUVAsol. Both PUVA and PUVAsol were equally efficacious, with PUVAsol being twice as cost effective. Hence, PUVAsol may be recommended as treatment for psoriasis in a developing economy such as India.
Tinea capitis in schoolchildren in southern Ivory Coast
Authors: Fulgence Kassi Kondo , Abibatou Konate , Vincent Djohan , Henriette Vanga , Etienne Angora Kpongbo , Kiki‐Barro Pulchérie Christiane , Yavo William , Koné Moussa , Hervé Menan Eby Ignace
Published: February 2013

Objectives

Fungal infections of the scalp commonly affect the pediatric population. These infections are caused by dermatophytes that are able to invade the keratinized structures of skin, hair, and nails. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of fungal scalp infections in southern Ivory Coast during 2008–2009.

Methods

From October 2008 to July 2009, 17,745 children ranging in age from 4–16 years, attending urban and rural primary schools in seven towns in Ivory Coast, were examined clinically for tinea capitis. Hair stumps and scales were collected from children who showed symptoms suggestive of scalp ringworm. Samples were exposed to direct microscopic examination using 30% potassium hydroxide solution and cultivation on Sabouraud's dextrose agar with or without actidione.

Results

Of the 17,745 children who were clinically examined, a total of 2645 exhibited symptoms suggestive of scalp ringworm. Positive cultures for fungi were found in 2458, yielding an overall prevalence of tinea capitis of 13.9%. The majority of infections occurred in males (74.0%). The most commonly affected age group involved children ranging from 9–12 years (n = 1335, 54.3%), followed by those in the range of 4–8 years (n = 936, 38.1%). Trichophyton soudanense, Microsporum langeronii, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were the most prevalent etiologic agents (56.7%, 21.4% and 19.7%, respectively). Other species were occasionally isolated, including Trichophyton violaceum (1.4%) and Trichophyton rubrum (0.8%).

Conclusions

Epidemiological surveys are an essential tool for developing strategies for infection control.
Effect of Age and Prostheses Location on Rima Glottidis Area in Equine Cadaveric Larynges
Authors: Bischofberger Andrea S. , Hadidane Ines , Wereszka Marta M. , Perkins Nigel R. , Jeffcott Leo B. , Dart Andrew J.
Published: February 2013

Objective

To determine the effect of horse age and laryngeal prosthesis location on rima glottidis area in cadaveric larynges.

Study Design

Experimental study.

Animals

Cadaveric equine larynges (n = 40).

Methods

Specimens were grouped by age: group 1, ≤5 years (n = 18); group 2, >5 to ≤10 years (n = 12); group 3, >10 years (n = 10). A cranial prosthesis was placed through the dorsal cricoid spine at 70% of the distance of the total cricoid length measured from the caudal rim. A dorsal prosthesis was placed through the caudal rim of the cricoid on the dorsal midline. A lateral prosthesis was placed 1.5 cm lateral to the dorsal prosthesis. All prostheses passed through the muscular process. Rima glottidis area was determined after progressively tightening each suture in 5 N increments from 0 N to 35 N using a tensiometer.

Results

There was no significant effect of age on the area of the rima glottidis at any load for any of the three prosthesis locations.

Conclusions

Age did not affect the area of the rima glottidis when prostheses were loaded between 5 N and 35 N.
Making Sense of Sensory Ethnography: The Sensual and the Multisensory
Authors: Nakamura Karen
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT  Sensory ethnography is an emerging trend within visual anthropology, with practitioners focusing on at least two different aspects: the aesthetic‐sensual and the multisensory‐experiential. The former has found expression in some of the observational films of Robert Gardner and his intellectual progeny at the Harvard Sensory Ethnography Lab. The latter can be seen in the work of Sarah Pink, Paul Stoller, and David MacDougall.
Energetic consequences of contrasting winter migratory strategies in a sympatric Arctic seabird duet
Authors: Fort Jérôme , Steen Harald , Strøm Hallvard , Tremblay Yann , Grønningsæter Eirik , Pettex Emeline , Porter Warren P. , Grémillet David
Published: February 2013

At the onset of winter, warm‐blooded animals inhabiting seasonal environments may remain resident and face poorer climatic conditions, or migrate towards more favourable habitats. While the origins and evolution of migratory choices have been extensively studied, their consequences on avian energy balance and winter survival are poorly understood, especially in species difficult to observe such as seabirds. Using miniaturized geolocators, time‐depth recorders and a mechanistic model, we investigated the migratory strategies, the activity levels and the energy expenditure of the closely‐related, sympatrically breeding Brünnich's guillemots Uria lomvia and common guillemots Uria aalge from Bjørnøya, Svalbard. The two guillemot species from this region present contrasting migratory strategies and wintering quarters: Brünnich's guillemots migrate across the North Atlantic to overwinter off southeast Greenland and Faroe Islands, while common guillemots remain resident in the Barents, the Norwegian and the White Seas. Results show that both species display a marked behavioural plasticity to respond to environmental constraint, notably modulating their foraging effort and diving behaviour. Nevertheless, we provide evidence that the migratory strategy adopted by guillemots can have important consequences for their energy balance. Overall energy expenditure estimated for the non‐breeding season is relatively similar between both species, suggesting that both southward migration and high‐arctic winter residency are energetically equivalent and suitable strategies. However, we also demonstrate that the migratory strategy adopted by Brünnich's guillemots allows them to have reduced daily energy expenditures during the challenging winter period. We therefore speculate that ‘resident’ common guillemots are more vulnerable than ‘migrating’ Brünnich's guillemots to harsh winter environmental conditions.
Lung miliary micro‐nodules in human T‐cell leukemia virus type I carriers
Authors: Fukuoka Junya , Tominaga Masaki , Ichikado Kazuya , Tanaka Tomonori , Ichiyasu Hidenori , Kohrogi Hirotsugu , Ishizawa Shin , Suga Moritaka
Published: February 2013

Human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) carriers are rarely subject to inflammatory disorders in multiple organs, other than the well‐known complication, adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). HTLV‐1 associated bronchiolo‐alveolar disorder (HABA) has been proposed as an immune mediated pulmonary reaction seen rarely in HTLV‐1 carriers. The reported clinico‐pathological patterns of HABA are diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP).

We here report three cases of HTLV‐1 carriers showing miliary micro‐nodules throughout both lungs. Microscopic examination in the video assisted thoracic surgery biopsies demonstrated that all cases had multiple discrete micro‐nodules which consisted of marked lymphoid infiltration, granulomas, eosinophils and a few foci of necrosis inside the granuloma. No findings indicating ATLL, other neoplastic conditions, infection or interstitial pneumonia, including DPB and LIP, were present following panels of special staining and immunohistochemical examinations. Two patients improved without treatment within one month, with no evidence of recurrence after 7 years. One patient showed slow deterioration of lung reticular shadows in spite of a low dose corticosteroid therapy (prednisolone 10 mg/day). We believe these cases may be a newly recognized variant of HABA.
Optimal Vibration Control for Uncertain Nonlinear Sampled-Data Systems With Actuator and Sensor Delays: Application to a Vehicle Suspension
Authors: Lei Jing
Published: February 2013

The problem of optimal sampled-data vibration control for nonlinear systems with time delays and uncertainties is considered. With the purpose of simplifying the nonlinear optimal vibration control (NOVC) design, the original time-delay sampled-data system is converted into a discrete-time nondelayed system first, as well as the nonlinear and uncertain terms are treated as external excitations. Therefore, the design procedure for NOVC law is reduced and the successive approximation approach is sequentially developed in it. The obtained NOVC law is derived from a Riccati equation, a Stein equation, and sequences of adjoint vector difference equations. It is combined with a feedforward term, the nonlinearity and uncertainty compensator terms, and some control memory terms, which compensate for the effects produced by the disturbance, the nonlinearity and uncertainties, and the time delays. Moreover, the existence and uniqueness of NOVC law are proved and the stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed. In order to make the controller physically realizable, an observer is constructed and the corresponding dynamical control law is given. Furthermore, by this means, the NOVC law for a sampled-data quarter-car suspension model with actuator and sensor delays is designed. The results of numerical simulations illustrate that the NOVC gives satisfactory conclusions in effectiveness of suspension performance responses and feasibility of the proposed design approach.
Interview with David Millard
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus
Published: February 2013

David Millard is a Senior Lecturer of Computer andWeb Science at the University of Southampton, UK, and is also an Associate Director of the University's Centre for Innovation in Technology and Education. He has been lucky enough to be involved in Hypertext and Web research for over fifteen years, firstly in the area of Open, Adaptive and Contextual hypermedia and more recently in the areas of Social Media, UX Design, Narrative Systems, and the emerging discipline of Web Science, particularly the impact of Digital Literacy on Education and Learning. He is passionate about the design of innovative software that is useful to real people. You can find him at http://www.davidmillard.org.
High- versus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training effects on skeletal muscle of infarcted rats
Authors: Moreira José B. N. , Bechara Luiz R. G. , Bozi Luiz H. M. , Jannig Paulo R. , Monteiro Alex W. A. , Dourado Paulo M. , Wisløff Ulrik , Brum Patricia C.
Published: February 2013

Poor skeletal muscle performance was shown to strongly predict mortality and long-term prognosis in a variety of diseases, including heart failure (HF). Despite the known benefits of aerobic exercise training (AET) in improving the skeletal muscle phenotype in HF, the optimal exercise intensity to elicit maximal outcomes is still under debate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of high-intensity AET with those of a moderate-intensity protocol on skeletal muscle of infarcted rats. Wistar rats underwent myocardial infarction (MI) or sham surgery. MI groups were submitted either to an untrained (MI-UNT); moderate-intensity (MI-CMT, 60% V̇o2 max); or matched volume, high-intensity AET (MI-HIT, intervals at 85% V̇o2 max) protocol. High-intensity AET (HIT) was superior to moderate-intensity AET (CMT) in improving aerobic capacity, assessed by treadmill running tests. Cardiac contractile function, measured by echocardiography, was equally improved by both AET protocols. CMT and HIT prevented the MI-induced decay of skeletal muscle citrate synthase and hexokinase maximal activities, and increased glycogen content, without significant differences between protocols. Similar improvements in skeletal muscle redox balance and deactivation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system were also observed after CMT and HIT. Such intracellular findings were accompanied by prevented skeletal muscle atrophy in both MI-CMT and MI-HIT groups, whereas no major differences were observed between protocols. Taken together, our data suggest that despite superior effects of HIT in improving functional capacity, skeletal muscle adaptations were remarkably similar among protocols, leading to the conclusion that skeletal myopathy in infarcted rats was equally prevented by either moderate-intensity or high-intensity AET.