bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural changes of lignin in soda delignification process and associations with pollution load
Authors: Xue Yuhui , Li Youming , Liu Zhuang , Hou Yi
Published: March 2023

Dissolved lignin in eucalyptus black liquor was obtained at five different reaction times (1 h to 5 h) throughout the main delignification process to reveal the structural changes of lignin and its contributions to pollution load at different degrees of delignification. During the delignification process, the lignin removal efficiency and Kappa number of the pulp had a clear linear relationship with the holding time at the highest temperature (170 C). This indicated that the degree of delignification to which the pulp could be regulated by the holding time. Condensation and degradation appeared to participate as two competitive reactions in the cooking process. The condensation structures of lignin increased remarkably in the first 3 h, which resulted in increased molecular weight. Then, the degradation of lignin became the main reaction at longer reaction times (4 h to 5 h), when the β-O-4’ and β–β’ bonds were dramatically broken. Furthermore, the lignin concentration in black liquor increased with delignification time, which had a positive correlation to chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) in black liquor. The proportion of CODcr produced by lignin increased remarkably in the decomposition stage of lignin, which revealed the importance of changes in the lignin structure during the delignification process to the pollution load.
Chemical changes in lignocellulosic biomass (corncob) influenced by pretreatment and anaerobic digestion (AD)
Authors: Stachowiak-Wencek Agata , Zborowska Magdalena , Waliszewska Hanna , Waliszewska Bogusława
Published: March 2023

Changes in chemical composition and structure of corncob lignocellulosic biomass were investigated relative to pretreatment and anaerobic digestion. The pretreatment involved 1% and 3% sodium hydroxide, 3% and 7% sulphuric acid, as well as medium and high temperature extrusion (in 110 °C and in the range from 140 °C to 160 °C). The chemical components content was studied using a gravimetric method, whereas structure and relations between the carbohydrate and lignin participation were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was determined that the chemical treatment, both acidic and alkaline, changed the chemical composition of corncob more significantly than the extrusion. Alkaline pretreatment contributed to significant delignification, while acidic pretreatment reduced the share of hemicelluloses and increased the proportion of lignin, the so-called “pseudolignin”. The composition of corncob (control and after pre-treatment) was changed after anaerobic digestion, i.e., a decreased carbohydrate substance content and a significantly increased lignin content. FTIR analysis showed changes in their structure. Although the control corncob differed from that processed by various pretreatment methods, the chemical composition of the digested pulp obtained from them was similar. The NaOH pretreatment was judged to be the preferred method for delignification of the raw material.
Hepatitis B vaccination at birth: reduces perinatal transmission successfully
Authors: Mahmud Salahuddin , Shafi Ahmed Syed
Published: March 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most important global health problem including Bangladesh. HBV carrier rate was found between 2-7% in many studies. After acute infection, chance of chronicity in adult is only 10%, but in neonate that is 90%. Out of these, 25% were suffering from acute liver failure & hepatocellular carcinoma and ultimate result is premature death. Chronic Hepatitis B Virus infection is not curable, only suppressing the activity with available treatment. So, prevention is better than cure. Active immunization is the single most important and effective preventive measure against HBV infection. Bangladesh introduced hepatitis B vaccination in children through Expanded Program on Immunization in 2005 which includes 3 doses without any birth dose. World Health Organization, Centre for disease control & prevention and American academy of pediatrics recommends since perinatal or early postnatal transmission is the most important source of chronic HBV infection globally, all infants should receive their first dose of hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible after birth, ideally within 24 hours or before discharging the mother from hospital. Now a days, 10 million Bangladeshis are suffering from HBV and 3.5% mother are infected with that virus. From another study, 21.5% pregnant woman having core antibody of HBV as many of them were unvaccinated. Faulty pregnancy and donor screening as well as inaccurate method of testing also responsible for perinatal transmission in Bangladesh. So, we are missing lots of HBV everyday in our daily practice. After implementation of birth dose, many countries reduced perinatal transmission and prevalence rate of HBV successfully.
Peculiar evolution of the Monkeypox virus genomes
Authors: Claude Perez Jean
Published: March 2023

We compare the evolution of 14 genomes of monkeypox viruses including that of May 2022 that is currently spreading among humans in numerous countries outside Africa. Our aim was to discover mutations and other viral evolutions (recombination) of the virus genome that may explain the sudden impact of this epidemic circulating at very low-level and alert on its potential pathogenic character. We have evidenced the presence of a succession of a large number of T bases between the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit rpo132 and the cowpox A-type inclusion protein, progressively rising from the absence of a characteristically long pattern of T-bases found in succession (≤ 10) in the early genomes of 1971, up to the 19 T-base sequence in the Israel 2018 reference strain and the 30 T bases thereafter in the 2022 strains. We find a complementary match for this long sequence of T bases only in the simian hemorrhagic encephalitis virus, at the 3’ end of the genome with a long succession of 28 A-bases after the stop codon. More strikingly, we find that the corresponding 10 phenyl-alanine aa chain is reported as matching uniquely (E≤0.001) a hypothetical protein element in Plasmodium falciparum, Yersinia pestis, Escherichia coli and Penicillium nordicum. We wonder whether this region of the monkeypox genome situated right upstream this long T-repeat may potentially code for a not yet identified polypeptide sequences with a functional role.
Mortality and Cause of Death in Children With Presumptive Disseminated Tuberculosis
Authors: Bonnet Maryline , Nordholm Anne-Christine , Ssekyanzi Bob , Byamukama Onesmus , Orikiriza Patrick , Tusabe Tobias , Nyehangane Dan , Taremwa Ivan Mugisha , Turyashemererwa Esther , Wobudeya Eric , Mwanga-Amumpaire Juliet , Marais Ben J , Nampijja Dorah
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Children experience high tuberculosis (TB)-related mortality but causes of death among those with presumptive TB are poorly documented. We describe the mortality, likely causes of death, and associated risk factors among vulnerable children admitted with presumptive TB in rural Uganda.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective study of vulnerable children, defined as <2 years of age, HIV-positive, or severely malnourished, with a clinical suspicion of TB. Children were assessed for TB and followed for 24 weeks. TB classification and likely cause of death were assessed by an expert endpoint review committee, including insight gained from minimally invasive autopsies, when possible.

RESULTS

Of the 219 children included, 157 (71.7%) were <2 years of age, 72 (32.9%) were HIV-positive, and 184 (84.0%) were severely malnourished. Seventy-one (32.4%) were classified as “likely tuberculosis” (15 confirmed and 56 unconfirmed), and 72 (32.9%) died. The median time to death was 12 days. The most frequent causes of death, ascertained for 59 children (81.9%), including 23 cases with autopsy results, were severe pneumonia excluding confirmed TB (23.7%), hypovolemic shock due to diarrhea (20.3%), cardiac failure (13.6%), severe sepsis (13.6%), and confirmed TB (10.2%). Mortality risk factors were confirmed TB (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–6.77]), being HIV-positive (aHR = 2.45 [95% CI: 1.37–4.38]), and severe clinical state on admission (aHR = 2.45 [95% CI: 1.29–4.66]).

CONCLUSIONS

Vulnerable children hospitalized with presumptive TB experienced high mortality. A better understanding of the likely causes of death in this group is important to guide empirical management.
The Multilayered Construction of Modern Mountain Tourism and Mt. Jiri Tourism Space: From 1920s to the 1960s
Authors:   Center for Asia & Diaspora studies, Kim Jiyoung
Published: March 2023

This study examines the multi-layered construction of the tourism space of Mt. Jiri by tracing how various actors spatially constructed both tourism in Mt. Jiri (starting in the 1920s) as well as the designation of Jirisan National Park in 1967. Modern tourism was introduced to Mt. Jiri in the 1920s, and Mt. Jiri tourism took shape between the mid-1930s and the late 1940s. As mountaineering resumed in the mid-1950s after the Yeosu-Suncheon Rebellion and the Korean War, the foundation for full-scale mountain tourism was laid. The Corea Alpine Club (CAC) and scholars’ academic research played a significant role in driving mountaineering movements, complemented by the development of hiking trails by Gurye Yeonhaban, an alpine club in the area of Mt. Jiri.
By the late 1960s, Jirisan became a major travel destination, due in part to the publication of mountaineering magazines, mountaineering movements supported by the CAC and the Chosun Ilbo, and the designation of Jirisan National Park in 1967.
Design and Implementation of Renewable Based EV Charging Station
Authors: Anose I , Aswin T , Madasamy P , Vignesh N
Published: March 2023

A significant transformation occurs globally as transportation switches from fossil fuel-powered to zero emission E-Vehicles. The transition to the electric vehicle requires an infrastructure of E-Vehicle charging stations everywhere. The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) calls for the widespread installation of EV charging stations. To maximize the profitability of charging stations, intelligent controllers that provide both charging and electric grid services are in great need. However, it is challenging to determine the optimal charging schedule due to the uncertain arrival time and charging demands of EVs. In this paper, we propose solar energy based three phase voltage source inverter fed grid. In this research solar energy is maintain a consistent output voltage to the load or grid. In this research PV system with a NeuroFuzzy-based MPPT algorithm and a Switched Z source Boost converte .
Rhodium and Rhodium-Alloy Films and Nanoparticles: Part I
Authors: Zhou Yicheng , Wu Wangping , Wang Qinqin , Wang Liangbing
Published: March 2023

Noble metals are key to various research fields and noble metal nanomaterials are directly relevant to optics, catalysis, medicine, sensing and many other applications. Rhodium-based nanomaterials have been less studied than metals such as gold, silver or platinum. There have been many improvements in characterisation tools over the years and knowledge about rhodium chemistry and nanomaterials is growing rapidly. Rhodium nanoparticles are widely used as catalysts for automotive emissions control and for hydrogen and oxygen precipitation reactions in electrolytic cells. Novel applications in electronics, anticancer drugs and aerospace are being revisited. In Part I of this two-part review, we cover different strategies for the synthesis of rhodium films and nanoparticles.
Title IX Information Increases Female Collegiate Athletes' Intent to Seek Help
Authors: Guenther Erika , Sorensen Elizabeth , Champagne Lance
Published: March 2023

Female intercollegiate student athletes continue to lack knowledge of their pregnancy rights. Uninformed athletes may react to pregnancy by concealing it or worse, risking their health and the health of their fetus. This study aimed to determine baseline knowledge in a contemporary sample of female athletes and to determine the extent that pregnancy rights information affected intent to seek help for pregnancy. A convenience sample of 146 female student athletes from nine teams at one NCAA Division I university (mean age 20.2 years) responded to an anonymous, online, author-designed survey. Halfway through the survey, pregnancy rights information (the intervention) was provided. Prior to the intervention most participants were unaware of pregnancy rights. If they experienced pregnancy and particularly if they decided to remain pregnant to the completion of their pregnancy, participants expected to be cut from the team, lose financial aid, and be unable to return to the team. Following the intervention, participants were significantly less likely to expect negative consequences and significantly more likely to seek help from athletic staff. Those who were aware of federal pregnancy rights were significantly unlikely to be aware of NCAA protections. A question yet unanswered is who is or should be responsible for ensuring that federal and NCAA pregnancy protections are known to female student athletes who may experience pregnancy. Recommendations to the NCAA and its member schools include more vigorous, effective provision of complete, timely pregnancy rights information.
Strengthening the Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act to Improve Gender Equity Transparency & Institutional Accountability in the Future
Authors: Staurowsky Ellen
Published: March 2023

In 1994, the United States Congress enacted The Equity in Athletics Disclosure Act (EADA). The EADA requires colleges and universities receiving federal financial assistance to provide an annual public report on the number of athletic participation opportunities provided to men and women athletes at the varsity level and the allocation of resources and personnel made in support of those opportunities.  The passage of the EADA occurred on the heels of the 20th anniversary of Title IX of the Education Amendments Act, a time marked by the realization that the vast majority of schools around the country were not in compliance with Title IX’s requirements as applied to athletic departments two decades after its passage (NCAA Staff, 1993). The purpose of the EADA when initially proposed in 1993 was to provide accessible information to stakeholders, most specifically prospective students, the public, and the U.S. Congress, that would allow interested parties to raise questions regarding the fair and equitable treatment of women athletes in the nation’s intercollegiate athletic programs. The annual report, colloquially referred to as the EADA report, is officially called The Report on Athletic Program Participation Rates and Financial Support Data. Three decades after the passage of the EADA and five decades after the passage of Title IX, there is reason to question whether the EADA has served its purpose.  During Title IX’s 50th anniversary year, researchers and journalists uniformly reported a systemic failure to comply with Title IX in the area of athletics (Staurowsky et al., 2022; USA Today Staff, 2022; Wilson, 2022). Over the years, some have argued that the EADA should be eliminated (Keen, 2007), others have documented how valuable the information from the EADA is to researchers, journalists, and litigators (Tatos, 2019); others have recommended changes that would strengthen the data collection required under the EADA (Staurowsky et al, 2022); and others have argued that something akin to an EADA requirement needs to be adopted nationwide to help address sweeping gender inequities in athletics at the high school level (Green, 2008). This essay begins with an overview of the current state of Title IX compliance and gender equity in college sport, revisits the history of the EADA, provides an overview of what the EADA covers and who uses it, explores the criticisms and limitations of the EADA, and concludes with recommendations for making the EADA a more effective tool.
Vanilla cultivation in Mexico: Typology, characteristics, production, agroindustrial prospective and biotechnological innovations as a sustainability strategy
Authors: Rodríguez-Deméneghi Marco Vinicio , Aguilar-Rivera Noé , Gheno-Heredia Yaqueline A. , Armas-Silva Arturo Alonso
Published: March 2023

Vanilla is the orchid of greatest economic interest to the world since the spice of the same name is obtained from it. Vanillin is obtained from its ripened pod, this compound is highly recognized and demanded by the gastronomic, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries for the sweet aroma and flavor it emanates. The objective of this work was to carry out a literature review to put into perspective the reader about the sustainability strategies in the vanilla industry in Mexico, as well as the innovations of propagation and in vitro conservation of Vanilla planifolia germplasm. Despite being originally from Mexico, this country ranks third in world production, preceding Madagascar, and Indonesia. This compilation of studies presents biotechnological techniques to increase vanilla production, as well as alternatives that can reduce the negative effects caused by the low genetic accumulation in this species, such as plant tissue culture, use of molecular markers for the study of somaclonal variation, asymbiotic seed germination under in vitro conditions. These techniques together with agro-industrial strategies can represent a sustainable alternative for vanilla production. In this article, strategies are suggested that allow those interested in vanilla production to make appropriate decisions, however, it is necessary to develop multidisciplinary studies that allow a global approach to the phenomena involved in the production and use of vanilla, as well as the resolution of the problems that this process faces.
The Effects of Clinical Practice Stress and Resilience on Nursing Students’ Academic Burnout
Authors: Shin Sujin , Hwang Eunhee
Published: March 2023

The high degree of academic burnout experienced during academic life indicates that job skill levels during the first year following graduation are low, and the correlation with turnover intention is high. We investigated the effects of clinical practice stress and resilience on nursing students’ burnout, and searched for factors that can prevent or control burnout. We recruited a convenience sample of 202 nursing students. Academic burnout, general characteristics, clinical practice stress, and resilience were assessed via self-reported questionnaires. The mean total score of academic burnout was 44.0 points; exhaustion was the highest at 18.5 points, inefficacy was 15.9 points, and cynicism was 9.6 points. High levels of clinical practice stress affected academic burnout (β=0.194, p=0.003), while high resilience was a factor that lowered the degree of academic burnout (β=-0.449, p
Implementing Medical Education Continuous Quality Improvement Using Design‐Based Research
Authors: Lee Aehwa , Park Hye Jin , Kim Soon Gu , Kim Jin Young , Kang Yu Na , Lee Se Youp , Baek Won-Ki
Published: March 2023

The goal of this study is to present efficient measures to improve the quality of medical education through using a developed and applied continuous quality improvement (CQI) model suitable for medical education. To achieve this purpose, we developed a theoretical CQI model through a review of the literature according to the design-based research method. Through repetitive productive cyclical processes and professional reviews, we finally deduced an appropriate CQI model for medical education. The most important results of this study are as follows: First, the CQI model for medical education is defined as a quality management system with a cyclical course of planning, implementation, evaluation, and improvement of medical education. Second, the CQI model for medical education is composed of quality management activities of educational design, work, and evaluation. In addition, each activity has the implementation strategies of planning, doing, checking, and improving based on the PDCA model (Plan-Do-Check-Act model). Third, the CQI model for medical school education is composed of committees related to medical education doing improvement activities, as well as planning, implementing and evaluating it with CQI. As a result, we can improve teaching by using the CQI model for medical education. It is more meaningful because this gives us organized and practical measures of quality management and improvement in medical education as well as in the educational process.
Adapting an Integrated Program Evaluation for Promoting Competency‐Based Medical Education
Authors: Ju Hyunjung , Oh Minkyung , Lee Jong-Tae , Yoon Bo Young
Published: March 2023

Educational program evaluation can improve the quality of the curriculum, instructional methods, and resources and provide useful data for making educational decisions and policies. Developing and implementing a program evaluation system is essential in competency-based medical education. The purpose of this study was to explore and establish an educational program evaluation system adapting an integrated program evaluation model to promote competency-based medical education. First, an Educational Evaluation Committee was organized, consisting of faculty, staff members, and students. The committee established an integrated program evaluation model, combining Stufflebeam’s Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model of a process-oriented approach and Kirkpatrick’s four-level model of an outcome-oriented approach. Kirkpatrick’s model was applied to the product evaluation of the CIPP model. The committee then developed evaluation criteria, indicators, and data collection methods according to the components of the CIPP model and the four levels (reaction, learning, behavior, and results) of Kirkpatrick’s model, and collected and analyzed data. Finally, the committee reported the results of evaluation to a Medical Education Quality Improvement Committee, and the results were used to improve the curriculum and student selection. To enhance the quality of education, identifying educational deficiencies and developing various elements of education in a balanced way through educational evaluation will be needed. Furthermore, it will be necessary to listen to opinions of various stakeholders, work with all members involved in education, and communicate with decision-makers in the process of educational evaluation.
The Formation of the Historical Identity of Korean Doctors
Authors: Yeo In-sok
Published: March 2023

In modern society, doctors are a representative example of professionals—that is, doctors are members of an occupation with high barriers to entry. For doctors, long-term education, training, and licensing are factors that make it difficult to enter medical practice. These external characteristics, which have mainly arisen in the modern era, play an important part in the professional identity of doctors. Nonetheless, the core of the doctor’s identity is the identity of the healer. In today’s Korean society, the universal identity of doctors as healers results from a combination of the special historical identity of professionals with high entry barriers. Korean society currently demands a high level of ethical awareness from doctors. These demands are partly derived from the nature of the practice of medical care, but they also reflect demands for strong social responsibility as professionals. It is difficult to cultivate professional ethics simply by imposing legitimate virtues, presenting an ideal model, or emphasizing moral education that is not fully realistic. A deep-rooted sense of professional ethics stems from a clear awareness of professional identity. Education plays an important role in the formation and awareness of doctors’ professional identity, and various types of content and methods can be used in education. However, since the identity of an entity is formed through the process of historical experience, it is thought that the historical process of the formation of doctors as a profession should be included as an important part of education.
The Future of Flexible Learning and Emerging Technology in Medical Education: Reflections from the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Park Jennifer Jihae
Published: March 2023

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic made it necessary for medical schools to restructure their curriculum by switching from face-to-face instruction to various forms of flexible learning. Flexible learning is a student-centered approach to learning that has received interest in many educational sectors. It is a critical strategy for expanding access to higher education during the pandemic. As flexible learning includes online, blended, hybrid, and hyflex learning options, learners have the opportunity to select an instruction modality based on their needs and interests. The shift to flexible learning in medical education took place rapidly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and learners, instructors, and schools were not prepared for this instructional change. Through the lens of the technology acceptance model, human agency, and a social constructivist perspective, I examine students, instructors, and educational institutions’ roles in successfully navigating the digital transformation era. The pandemic has also accelerated the use of advanced information and communication technologies, such as artificial intelligence and virtual reality, in learning. Through a review of the literature, this paper aimed to reflect on current flexible learning practices from the instructional design and educational technology perspective and explore emerging technologies that may be implemented in future medical education.
Is a New Public Medical School Linked to Compulsory Service Necessary to Strengthen Public Health Care in Korea?: Who Wants to Build a New Public Medical School Linked to Compulsory Service? And Why?
Authors: Han Hee Chul
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to clarify the background of the controversial attempt to establish a new public medical school linked to compulsory service as a means of strengthening public healthcare in Korea, and to raise anticipated problems with possible solutions. In Korea, healthcare is predominantly provided by the private sector focused on medical care, rather than public healthcare, even under the national health insurance system. The government has been mainly in charge of public health and unmet medical services from a residual perspective, but health inequalities still exist. To resolve this issue, the government created the concept of public health and medical service (PHMS) from a universal perspective and tried to strengthen the infrastructure of public healthcare and to foster core PHMS doctors by establishing a new public medical school linked to compulsory service in medically vulnerable areas. This study investigated the reality and concept of the new public medical school planned by the government, and identified problems such as the possibility of obtaining accreditation and evaluation before its establishment, the side effects of dividing doctors’ roles, the waste of huge amounts of resources, and insensitive policies. In conclusion, in order to resolve health inequalities in Korea, we need to train doctors through medical school education that strengthens the social responsibility of doctors along with strengthening public healthcare infrastructure, and to provide a better environment for doctors working in medically vulnerable areas through sophisticated policies.
History in Lives: A Way of Cultivating Medical Professionalism through Medical History Education
Authors: Park Seungmann , Kim Pyeong Man
Published: March 2023

How can the history of medicine be used to cultivate medical professionalism? This study presents education using the lives of historical figures as a method based on the teaching experience of the course “Leadership of the Healers” for first-year students at the College of Medicine of the Catholic University of Korea. Existing methods, represented by the Osler method, have several limitations: first, they limit the subject of the history of medicine to certain established doctors; second, they describe medical history as a continuum of progress; and third, they present abstract virtues without context, making it difficult to apply what has been learned to specific situations. These limitations are why the lives of historical figures have not been used actively in medical education in recent years. However, education using the lives of historical figures also has clear advantages, such as the power to vividly convey the various elements of medical professionalism. This study proposes an alternative method. The characteristics of the new method can be summarized in two ways. First, it emphasizes the specific context surrounding historical figures and the choices made in specific historical circumstances, rather than presenting abstract virtues outside of the historical context, making students ponder the reality they face and the choices they make. Second, it reveals both the hidden actors and the bright and dark areas of history by selecting diverse multi-dimensional figures.
Research Trends on Doctor’s Job Competencies in Korea Using Text Network Analysis
Authors: Kim Young-Jon , Lee Jea Woog , Yune Sojung
Published: March 2023

We use the concept of the “doctor’s role” as a guideline for developing medical education programs for medical students, residents, and doctors. Therefore, we should regularly reflect on the times and social needs to develop a clear sense of that role. The objective of the present study was to understand the knowledge structure related to doctor’s job competencies in Korea. We analyzed research trends related to doctor’s job competencies in Korea Citation Index journals using text network analysis through an integrative approach focusing on identifying social issues. We finally selected 1,354 research papers related to doctor’s job competencies from 2011 to 2020, and we analyzed 2,627 words through data pre-processing with the NetMiner ver. 4.2 program (Cyram Inc., Seongnam, Korea). We conducted keyword centrality analysis, topic modeling, frequency analysis, and linear regression analysis using NetMiner ver. 4.2 (Cyram Inc.) and IBM SPSS ver. 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). As a result of the study, words such as “family,” “revision,” and “rejection” appeared frequently. In topic modeling, we extracted five potential topics: “topic 1: Life and death in medical situations,” “topic 2: Medical practice under the Medical Act,” “topic 3: Medical malpractice and litigation,” “topic 4: Medical professionalism,” and “topic 5: Competency development education for medical students.” Although there were no statistically significant changes in the research trends for each topic over time, it is nonetheless known that social changes could affect the demand for doctor’s job competencies.
Modular Reconstruction and Co-registration of Imaging from Implanted ECoG and SEEG Electrodes v2
Authors: J Soper Daniel
Published: March 2023

This pipeline involves taking pre- and post-operative images to localized and visualize electrode locations in the case of implanted intracranial electrodes, whether the electrodes penetrate the brain parenchyma (depth, stereoelectroencephalography, sEEG electrodes) or are on the surface of the cortex (strip or grid, electrocorticography, ECoG, electrodes). The pipeline uses a number of different packages in a modular approach that allows use of a subset or all parts of the pipeline depending on need.
Mixotrophy - Quantification of the percent of phytoplankton cells with preys (e.g. fluorescent microspheres or fluorescently labeled bacteria) v1
Authors: Jimenez Valeria
Published: March 2023

This methodology describes a protocol modified from Sherr and Sherr (1993) to determine phytoplankton prey uptake using flow cytometry and yellow-green fluorescent polystyrene-based microspheres (YG-beads; 0.5 µm in diameter, Fluoresbrite, Polysciences, Inc., Warrington, PA, USA) or fluorescently labelled bacteria (FLBs) as food proxies. FLBs were prepared according to the protocol of Sherr et al. (1987) using the bacteria Brevundimonas diminuta (strain CECT313, also named Pseudomonas diminuta), obtained from the Spanish Type Culture Collection (CECT, Valencia, Spain). The percent of cells with prey were measured in the laboratory in four Micromonas polaris strains and one mixotrophic strain (Ochromonas triangulata) used as a positive control. The percent of cells with beads was determined in samples fixed with Lugol's iodine solution (protocol explained in detail here) and enumerated with a flow cytometer (Guava easyCyte, Luminex Corporation, USA) where cells that contained chlorophyll as well as green fluorescence (same signal as the prey added, YG-beads or FLBs) were considered to be cells containing prey (quantification protocol explain in detail here). To determine the uptake of prey over time the percent of cells with preys was quantified in each experimental flask by first adding preys and then sub-sampling and fixing after an incubation of 0 (T0), 20 (T20) and 40 (T40) minutes. The T0 sample accounts for the physical attachment of preys to the cell and therefore the percent of cells ingesting prey corresponds to the percent of cells with prey at T20 or T40, minus the percent of cells with prey at T0. References: Sherr, EB. & Sherr, BF. (1993). Protistan grazing rates via uptake of fluorescently labeled prey. In Kemp, P., Sherr, B., Sherr, E. & Cole, J. (eds.) Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 695–701 (Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, USA). Sherr, EB., Sherr, BF. & Fallon, RD. (1987). Use of monodispersed, fluorescently labeled bacteria to estimate in situ protozoan bacterivory. Appl Environ Microbiol.
Tan cerca, tan lejos del estado: activismo burocratizado y afrodescendientes en Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Basallo Sandra Patricia
Published: March 2023

Recognizing the pluriethnic and multicultural character of the Colombian nation in the 1991 Constitution led to open various spaces of political representation and participation for Afro-descendant populations. The impact that this process has had on the institutionalization of the Afro-Colombian social movement has been widely studied; however, less attention has been paid to the interactions that take place in these spaces for dialogue. Based on the ethnography of Afro-descendant leaders’ staging in one of these scenarios, we propose to unveil the boundaries between state and non-state actors. To understand the dual nature of the ethnic leader both as community representative and public servant, we propose the notion of bureaucratized activism. It encompasses at least three attributes: the acquisition of bureaucratic competencies, the staging of certain actions, and the performances of tradition.
Seguimiento a egresados para medir impacto en programas de ciencias de la salud
Authors: Robles-González Juana Raquel , Martínez-Flórez Guillermo Domingo , Morales-Rivera Mario Alfonso
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to determine the relevance of the training provided in the undergraduate programs of the Faculty of Health Sciences of Universidad de Córdoba and to assess the opinion of graduates and businessmen on the requirements of the productive sector with respect to their professional profile. The research was quantitative-descriptive. Surveys were conducted in Córdoba and other departments. According to the results, the majority of graduates are performing work activities directly related to health services and its management. However, there is a need to emphasize the development of competencies associated with the systematization of information, promote administrative skills and the use of specialized software. Satisfaction with the performance of graduates in the company is rated as satisfied-very satisfied by more than 93% of the employers; regarding the graduates, satisfaction with their training exceeds 93,5%.
ECOLOGIA DO DESEJO
Authors: Cangussu Daniel , Pereira Furquim Laura , Perez William , Shiratori Karen , Antunes de Carvalho Fernanda , Drumond Maria Auxiliadora , Missagia de Mattos Izabel
Published: March 2023

Na década de 1980, como política pública de Estado, instituiu-se um método investigativo de campo destinado a qualificar as ações de localização e monitoramento dos povos indígenas isolados da Amazônia. Tal método visa garantir a estes povos o direito originário aos seus territórios, sem desrespeitar sua decisão pelo isolamento. Qualificar este método a partir dos saberes e perspectivas nativas tem sido o objetivo de pesquisadores e pesquisadoras de diversas áreas do conhecimento que o reconhecem como uma “ciência mateira”, baseada na leitura dos vestígios antrópicos nas matas e orientada pelo o olhar dos povos da floresta. Neste artigo, destacamos a agência vegetal e o poder atrativo exercido por espécies arbóreas sobre os humanos e não humanos e sua aplicação nas ações de localização e monitoramento dos territórios dos povos indígenas isolados.
CHAPADA VELHA, BAHIA
Authors: Antonio Pacheco de Queiroz Luiz
Published: March 2023

Neste artigo discuto a formação do território da Chapada Velha, em Gentio do Ouro e Xique-Xique, no estado da Bahia, interpretando-o a partir da etnografia arqueológica com as coisas do garimpo e habitantes locais. Primeiro direciono a atenção aos estudos da mineração na arqueologia que contribuem no diálogo com modos de ser oriundos de práticas artesanais e tradicionais de extração mineral. Posteriormente apresento as principais etapas da execução do garimpo local com destaque para o carbonado, diamante e quartzo. Em seguida reflito sobre uma porção do território que abrange muitos garimpos para explicitar como se dá a territorialidade garimpeira. O objetivo é apontar como a espontaneidade das coisas e humanos concorrem para uma fluidez do entendimento de território distinto das normas estabelecidas para uma delimitação espacial rígida e que exclui a territorialidade de certas localidades.
Результаты многолетних наблюдений за запасами воды в снежном покрове мелиорированных земель
Authors: Ильинский А.В. , Евсенкин К.Н.
Published: March 2023

Проаннализированы данные многолетних наблюдений за снежным покровом на мелиорированных землях «Тинки-2» и стационарном участке леса в поселке Солотча, выполнены расчеты по запасам воды на этих объектах и оценка запасов воды стационарных участков проведения снегомерной съемки.
Враг как нравственная проблема
Authors: Зимбули А.Е.
Published: March 2023

Даже в том случае, если человек будет стараться проявлять исключительно миролюбие, приветливость, необидчивость – ему никак не застраховаться от того, что рядом может оказаться кто-то настроенный совсем не дружелюбно. А может даже и открыто враждебно. На удивление – в справочно-философской литературе понятия «ВРАГ», «ВРАЖДА» не раскрываются, потому автор предлагаемого текста всматривается в обозначенное предметное поле, отталкиваясь от пословичной мудрости русского и других народов, а также фокусируя внимание на типовую ситуацию, в которой у какого бы то ни было субъекта появляется враг. Ситуация эта включает в себя следующие компоненты: СУБЪЕКТ, у которого предполагается враг, сам этот ВРАГ, КОНТЕКСТ, в котором разворачивается противостояние, ключевой ПРЕДМЕТ противостояния, ПЕРЕЖИВАНИЯ субъекта, ОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ им происходящего, ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКОЕ ВКЛЮЧЕНИЕ СУБЪЕКТА В СИТУАЦИЮ, РЕЗУЛЬТАТ взаимодействия, ОТНОШЕНИЕ к этому результату всех взаимодействовавших в этой ситуации, прежде всего – самого субъекта. Каждый из этих компонентов последовательно рассматривается с точки зрения нравственноценностной. В итоге рассуждений автор приходит к надежде, что и мы, и наши соседи, и наши потомки – все будем научиваться извлекать уроки из споров, исканий, потерь, обретений. И что слово «враг» будет всѐ реже появляться в реальной жизни.
Коммуникация в условиях межкультурного взаимодействия
Authors: Вышегородская Е.Д.
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматривается многоаспектность понятия «коммуникация»; основное внимание уделяется социальной коммуникации как обмену информацией, осуществляемой с использованием различных семиотических систем, важнейшей из которых является естественный язык. Отмечается, что искусственные знаковые системы в своем большинстве имеют международный характер, следовательно, использование их при общении представителей различных национальных коллективов не ведет к неадекватному пониманию передаваемого сообщения, в то время как любой естественный язык, с одной стороны, отражает обычаи, традиции, менталитет народа, а с другой, имеет часто существенные отличия в грамматическом строе. С этим связаны возможные ошибки в понимании сообщения и, как следствие, возникновение барьеров коммуникации.
Конкурентоспособность коммерческих предприятий с применением современных методов управления
Authors: Идигова Л.М. , Абумуслимова Ф.И. , Висаитова Х.А.
Published: March 2023

В статье анализируются факторы и возможности повышения конкурентоспособности коммерческих предприятий в современных условиях, что отражает актуальность темы исследования. Предпринимательская деятельность всегда связана с неопределенностью. Задача управления рисками - систематически выявлять возможности и риски и оценивать их с точки зрения потенциального воздействия на компанию. Так, одним из немаловажных факторов снижения рисков организаций является поддержание эффективного уровня конкурентоспособности предприятия.
Управление материальными запасами как функция материально-технического обеспечения предприятия
Authors: Максимович Л.В.
Published: March 2023

В статье рассматриваются схемы управления материальными запасами на предприятии - система, когда фиксируется объем заказа, и система, когда фиксируется время периода заказа. Данные системы позволяют отслеживать изменение спроса и уменьшить риски возникновения сбоев в производстве.
Y chromosome polymorphism in Turkish patients with reproductive problems: a genetic centre experience
Authors: ATLI Emine İkbal , MAİL Çisem , GURKAN Hakan , YALÇINTEPE Sinem , DEMİR Selma , ATLI Engin
Published: March 2023

Objectives: Male infertility is a large and unexplored global health problem in terms of prevalence. Chromosomal polymorphisms may be associated with infertility and recurrent spontaneous abortions. Non-protein coding and frequently repetitive satellite DNA sequences are found in these regions.
Methods: This study aims to present a genetic laboratory experience in the evaluation of frequency, type and significance of Y chromosome polymorphism of Turkish patients with reproductive system problems. The study included 435 patients aged 18-60 years with a documented clinical diagnosis of infertility.
Results: In our study, 435 individuals were analyzed cytogenetically and 75 of them (17.24%) were found to carry chromosomally polymorphic variants in Y chromosome. We detected increased heterochromatin structure in the long arm of chromosome Y (Yqh+) as a common variant in our patient group. The frequency of chromosomal polymorphism Yqh- is % 11.26. The rate of chromosomal polymorphism we detected is close to those reported in the literature (10-15%) and statistically significant (p < 0.001), twice that found in the normal population (2-5%).
Conclusions: Findings support that Y chromosome polymorphisms may be associated with infertility risk and may play an important role in the development of infertility. More research combining genome studies and other fields is needed to clarify the relationship of Y chromosome polymorphisms with and to infertility.
The impact of the teacher education study program on the development of TPACK
Authors: Dobi Barišić Karolina , Brust Nemet Maja
Published: March 2023

The results showed statistically significant difference for Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge, for all students in the sample and for students with additional computer science courses. In the case of overall TPACK, there is no difference for overall sample of students but for students with additional computer science courses difference is significant.
Vodenje kot ključna naloga športnih managerjev
Authors: Meško Maja , Podbregar Iztok , Koželj Martin
Published: March 2023

Športni managerji morajo za dosego zastavljenih ciljev poznati veščine vodenja, kar pomeni, da morajo biti sposobni organizirati proces dela, zaposlene motivirati, z njimi ustrezno komunicirati ter na njih vplivati in jih spodbujati za dosego delovnih nalog. Pri vodenju je prav tako pomembno, da za dano situacijo izberemo najprimernejši stil vodenja, ki pripelje do uresničitve ciljev športne organizacije. V poglavju je predstavljena funkcija vodenja v športnem managementu, njen ključni doprinos k uspešnosti športne organizacije ter v okviru funkcije vodenja stili vodenja, motiviranje ter komuniciranje, ki jih uporabljajo managerji. Predstavljena so tudi znanja veščine in spretnosti, ki jih mora športni manager pri vodenju imeti.
CT angiography in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric thrombosis: a case report
Authors: Galyautdinova L. E. , Basek I. V. , Karpova D. V. , Marukyan N. V. , Nasedkin D. B. , Borshevetskaya A.  A. , Yegorova V. S. , Lukin M. V.
Published: March 2023

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a rare vascular disease characterized by a high mortality rate with untimely diagnosis and treatment. The overall incidence is low, estimated at 0.09–0.2 % of all hospital admissions to emergency departments. One of the causes of acute mesenteric ischemia is acute arterial thrombosis, which is most common in the elderly.

The problem of early diagnosis of acute mesenteric thrombosis is still relevant due to a non-specific clinical features. Computed tomography angiography (CT angiography) of the abdominal aorta and its branches is characterized by high sensitivity (85–98 %) and specificity (91–100 %). Computed tomography angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia.

The article discusses the use of computed tomography angiography (CT angiography) for visualization of acute mesenteric thrombosis.
Assessment of Wound Healing Following Collagen Urethral Stent Placement for Urethrotomy in Dogs
Authors: Gokulakrishnan M. , . Nishanth , Nagarajan K. , Safiuzamma Mohamed
Published: March 2023

Background: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of collagen urethral stents on wound healing post-urethrotomy in dogs and to assess the uptake of collagen urethral stents through urethrography, ultrasonography and hematobiochemical analysis. Methods: A total of 12 dogs presented to Madras Veterinary College teaching hospital with the history of urinary obstruction were chosen for the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6 dogs in each. In Group I, dogs were treated with conventional urethrotomy procedure and in group II, animals were treated with urethrotomy with collagen urethral stent placement. Hematobiochemical, plain and contrast radiography, ultrasonograhy were performed in both the groups. Result: The study revealed that in comparison with Group I, Group II animals had a faster wound healing rates; reduction in urethral lumen diameter and urethral leakage post-operatively were not observed in both the groups. In the present study, ultrasound was used to identify and locate the calculi but also to check the collapse, migration and absorption of the collagen stent placed inside the urethra wherein no stent collapse or migration noticed. Partial collagen stent absorption was noticed on day 7 and a complete stent absorption was noticed on day 14. There was no significant difference in the pain scores between the groups indicating that the collagen stent does not elicit any extra pain as compared to normal urethrotomy procedure.