bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMASI WAKTU HIDROLISIS TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI FURFURAL BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG MIKRO
Authors: Rahim Marinda , Nadir Mardhiyah
Published: March 2021

Abstrak- Sebagai daerah sentra pengembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit dan industri crude palm oil (CPO), Kalimantan Timur memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. TKKS merupakan limbah padat dari hasil industri CPO yang menggunakan tandan buah sawit (TBS) sebagai bahan bakunya.  Bagian TKKS adalah 23% dari TBS. TKKS memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi jika diolah lebih lanjut. Salah satu cara yang digunakan adalah dengan menghidrolisis kandungan pentosan di dalam TKKS menjadi furfural. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah megembangkan teknik hidrolisis satu tahap TKKS menjadi furfural dengan bantuan gelombang mikro untuk mendapatkan waktu optimum yang dapat mengasilkan furfural maksimum.. Pada penelitian ini 10 gram TKKS ditambahkan dengan 250 mL H2SO4 15% sebagai katalis. Campuran kemudian dihidrolisis menggunakan bantuan gelombang mikro dengan variasi waktu 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, dan 105 menit. Hasil analisa dengan Gas Chromatography (GC) menunjukkan hasil furfural tertinggi diperoleh pada waktu 75 menit dengan konsentrasi 1,34 mg/mL.  Kata Kunci: furfural, gelombang mikro, hidrolisis, TKKS Abstract- As a regional center for the development of oil palm plantations and crude palm oil (CPO) industry, East Kalimantan has the potential to produce oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) in large enough quantities. EFB is the solid waste from the palm oil industry which uses palm fruit bunches (FFB) as a raw material. EFB part is 23% of FFB. Whereas EFB has a high economic value if processed further. One of the method that is used to hydrolyze the content of pentosan in EFB into furfural. The purpose of this research is to develop one step hydrolysis technique of EFB into furfural  with microwaves assistance  to obtain the optimum time which can produce maximum furfural. In this research 10 grams of EFB was added with 250 mL of H2SO4 15%  as the catalyst. The mixture was then hydrolyzed using microwave-assisted with a time variety of for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and105 minutes. The results of analysis by Gas Chromatography (GC) showed that the highest results of furfural  was at 75 minutes with a concentration of 1.34 mg / mL. Keywords: EFB, furfural, microwaves, hydrolysis
PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH DETERJEN DENGAN METODE KOAGULASI-FLOKULASI MENGGUNAKAN KOAGULAN KAPUR DAN PAC
Authors: Rahimah Zikri , Heldawati Heliyanur , Syauqiah Isna
Published: March 2021

Abstrak-Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  koagulan kapur atau PAC yang paling efektif pada proses koagulasi-flokulasi dari pengolahan limbah deterjen buatan dan limbah laundry, menentukan massa optimum dari koagulan kapur atau PAC pada pengolahan limbah deterjen buatan dan limbah laundry menggunakan proses koagulasi-flokulasi dan menentukan persen maksimum penurunan BOD dan COD pada limbah deterjen buatan dan limbah laundry menggunakan proses koagulasi-flokulasi. Pada penelitian ini, kami menggunakan metode jartest atau metode koagulasi-flokulasi dengan menggunakan koagulan kapur dan PAC. Metode yang digunakan untuk menurunkan kadar BOD dan COD ialah koagulasi yaitu dicampurkannya koagulan dengan pengadukan cepat 100 rpm selama 1 menit kemudian dengan metode flokulasi yaitu dilakukan pengadukan lambat 40 rpm selama 20 menit dan diendapkan selama 30 menit. Penentuan massa optimum dilakukan dengan cara menambahkan koagulan baik menggunkan kapur atau PAC  masing-masing sebanyak 1 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr, 4 gr, 5 gr dalam 150 ml limbah deterjen buatan maupun limbah deterjen laundry. Dari variasi massa koagulan dapat diketahui persen maksimum penurunan BOD dan COD tertinggi terdapat pada koagulan kapur sebesar 12,05% dan 75% pada limbah deterjen buatan pada massa 5 gr, sedangkan pada limbah laundry sebesar 11,57%.dan 78,57% pada massa 5 gr.   Kata kunci: koagulasi-flokulasi, limbah deterjen, COD, BOD. Abstract- This research is conducted to find out the effective koagulan lime or PAC in koagulasi-flokulasi process from preparation of waste material detergent product and waste material laundry, to determine optimum mass from koagulan lime or PAC in preparation of waste material detergent product and waste material laundry using koagulasi-flokulasi process and to determine maximum percent the decrease of BOD and COD in preparation of waste material detergent product and waste material laundry. In this research, we used jartest method or koagulasi-flokulasi method by using  koagulan lime or PAC. Methode that used to decrease the value of BOD and COD is koagulasi. Koagulasi is mixed koagulan and stir fast 100 rpm for one minute, then with flokulasi method, it is stir slow 40 rpm for 20 minutes and sediment, it for 30 minutes. Determine optimum mass done by add good koagulan using lime or PAC 1 gr, 2 gr, 3 gr ,4 gr, 5 gr, in  waste material detergent product and waste material laundry. From the various mass koagulan know that the highest decrease maximum percent of BOD and COD in koagulan kapur is 12,05% and 75% on waste material detergent product  in 5 gr mass while waste material laundry is 11,57 % and 78,57% in 5 gr mass. Keywords: koagulasi-flokulasi, waste material detergent, COD, BOD
DOIS CAMINHOS, VÁRIAS CHEGADAS
Authors: Batista Campos Maria Inês , Taraborelli Luciana , Mendes Leite Viviane
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta duas propostas de leitura do texto literário com foco na formação leitora crítica do estudante de escola pública do ensino fundamental - anos finais. As propostas fizeram parte de pesquisas realizadas no Mestrado Profissional em Rede Nacional da Universidade de São Paulo. A fundamentação teórica baseia-se no conceito bakhtinano de gênero (2003; 2017), no direito à Literatura, Candido (2013); no letramento literário, Cosson (2018). A leitura de diferentes capas do livro A Ilha do Tesouro, de Stevenson, adaptada em quadrinhos; e a leitura e escrita de poemas mostram a importância Literatura na formação leitora discente.
Soviet version of ethno-expertise: reports of Northern ethnographers of 1950s–1990s
Authors: Golovnev A.V. , Danilova E.N.
Published: March 2021

The article provides an overview of the ethnographer-to-government reports (n = 106) published in five is-sues of the “Ethnological Expertise: Peoples of the Russian North” series. These documents, which represent valuable sources on the history of the northern populations and the national policy of the Soviet government from the mid-1950s to the early 1990s, contain information on demography and distribution of the indigenous groups, economy of collective farms, material status of collective farmers (earnings, living conditions, subsistence, provi-sion of clothing), characteristics of their culture and life, education, and health care. During the analysed period, the monitoring of ethnic communities was carried out as a planned long-term expertise under a unified program throughout the entire territory of the Soviet North. The requirement for this large-scale and continuous survey served as the motive for the creation of the North Sector in the Moscow division of the Institute of Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, where each specialist was assigned to a particular population (or group of peoples). Preparation of reports for the central and local authorities was a state order and the responsibility of employees of the Institute of Ethnography, who conducted field research in the North and Siberia. The analysis of the documents shows that ethnog-raphers, generally following the ideological and political guidelines of the authorities, tried – in some cases rather deci-sively — to correct the policy of the Soviet state in relation to the peoples of the North. Based on their own expert sur-veys, they criticized the transition of nomads to a settled way of life, the introduction of southern agricultural branches in the North, the lack of ethnographic knowledge among administrators; they discussed and proposed innovations in economy, technology, material culture, etc. The Soviet ethno-expertise encompassed, on the one hand, ethnographic data supporting socialist ideology, on the other – elements of academic evaluation; it served as a kind of transmission between the interests of the Soviet state and the northern peoples.
“Chinese” greenhouses in Russian rural space (case of Chelyabinsk Region)
Authors: Avdashkin A.A.
Published: March 2021

The focus of this article is the problem of formation and development of “Chinese” greenhouses in 2009–2020. The development of migrant infrastructure in rural areas virtually has not been analysed yet by scientists. The purpose of this study is to trace the formation and evolution of ideas about “Chinese” greenhouses among residents of a large Russian region using the example of Chelyabinsk. The source base of the article includes media materials, interviews and archival documents. The regional press is an important source for the analysis of public opinion regarding the “Chinese” greenhouses and concentration of migrants in rural locations. In the sum-mer of 2019, the author gathered a collection of interviews with residents of areas where the “Chinese” green-houses were operating. Documents from the Chelyabinsk regional archive made it possible to supplement the overall picture of the Chinese migration to the Southern Ural region. The complexity of the study object required the use of a combination of methods. These included free informal interviews, content and discourse press analy-sis, and historical imagology. Our study shows that the formation of temporary economic facilities in rural areas has been perceived by the population as an irreversible ethnicization of space. This caused an increase of anxi-ety. In the media discourse and in collective mentality of the inhabitants, the ideas of “Chinese” greenhouses cre-ated images of “expansion” and numerousness of Chinese migrants. Around the greenhouses, a complex of notions of threats was formed (seizing and “spoiling” of land, tax evasion, low-quality vegetables, etc.). The con-cept of “Chinese” greenhouses has incorporated a large number of meanings that are understandable without further explanation: from the organization of rural space to a set of markers defining closed locations. Today there are practically no “Chinese” greenhouses in Chelyabinsk Region, they remain as a media, but not a spatial object. What was left out of sight of most observers is the temporality of the greenhouse complexes, the lack of any infra-structure for their long-term existence. Therefore, even theoretically, the “Chinese” greenhouses could not de-velop into full-fledged settlements (Chinatowns) in rural areas.
On the development of the Sargatka Culture in the Tobol River basin region (based on materials of the Ustyug-1 burial ground)
Authors: Matveeva N.P. , Prokonova M.M. , Ovchinnikov I.Iu.
Published: March 2021

The article is concerned with characteristics of funeral traditions of the Sargatka Culture population based on materials of the Ustyug-1 burial ground located in the Zavodoukovsky District of Tyumen Region. Six barrows of the Early Iron Age were studied in the area. Mounds 5 (5th–3rd c. BC), 51 and 52 (5th–4th c. BC) belong to the early stage of the culture. Sargatka burials of mounds 27 and 49 (3rd–2nd c. BC) were made during the middle stage. Burial from mound 56 (2nd–3rd c. AD) belongs to the final period of the Sargatka Culture of the Early Iron Age. Thus, burials in the Ustyug-1 necropolis were made during the entire time of existence of the Sargatka Culture. The comparison of different periods of functioning of the cemetery within the same culture and microregion re-vealed a number of characteristic features of the complex in the context of the historical development of the Early Iron Age cultures in the forest-steppe zone. Furthermore, it was possible to trace the process of formation of the culture in the Tobol River basin, the composition and status of the individual groups of the population, and the nature of cultural ties. We conclude that the variation between the objects of different periods reflects the deve-lopmental stages of the Sargatka Culture in the local microregion. In the early stage of the culture, part of its population migrated from the east into the Tobol basin region. It was transformed here under the influence of local groups of the Baitovo Culture on the one hand, and certain groups of steppe nomads on the other. The burial rite of the local population changed dramatically as a result of contacts between the bearers of the Sargatka Culture and nomadic groups. This indicates the strengthening of the Iranian worldview component in the Sargatka envi-ronment. At the next stage, the interaction of the local population with the nomads of the Sarmatian circle became more active, and the level of militarization of the local population increased. In the late period, social stratification within the Sargatka Сulture society increased, which was accompanied by an increase in prestigious consumption. This was expressed in a clear separation of the elite funeral rite from the ordinary one. The study of such monu-ments, which existed for a long time, can help us to understand the processes of formation and extinction of cultures.
Position of arms as an essential element of the orthodox funeral tradition in Siberia
(case study of the Nikolskaya Church cemetery in the city of Novosibirsk)
Authors: Gorokhov S.V.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this article is to analyze the planigraphic distribution of graves characterized by different posi-tions of arms of the buried people and to identify patterns in their localization. The source base of the research is represented by 384 graves of the Nikolskaya Church necropolis in the town of Krivoshchyokovo. The arms posi-tion has been determined for individuals from 152 graves. The classification criteria for arms positions of the de-ceased have been developed. The analysis of graves enabled us to make a full list of all possible positions of the right or left arm, including the following ones: the arm is stretched along the body (0°), bent at the elbow at ~40°, ~68°, ~90°, ~112°, ~139° or ~166°. In cases when one arm was put on the other one, the relative position of arms (above or below) was recorded. The combination of individual positions of arms and their positioning relatively to each other determines the overall type of arms position. The planigraphic analysis of arms positions of buried people by types has been undertaken. It has been identified that graves with several “plain” and complex types of arms positions are located quite closely to each other. The distribution of graves with certain types of arms posi-tions in the studied part of the necropolis cannot be accidental. Therefore, the established facts of restricted loca-lization of types and complex types of arms positions of the buried people are determined by a cause or a group of causes associated with the historic circumstances of the period when the necropolis was formed. One could assume that the types of arms positions changed over time, following the transformation of beliefs and prescrip-tions of the church in relation to the existing burial tradition. The specific position of arms can be related to the confession of the deceased person and his/her family, as well as traditions of particular regions. In the former case, the position of arms can be characteristic of a specific confession, while in the latter case — of the place of origin of the colonists. Over time, as a result of the long cohabitation and mixing of populations through marriages, the funeral rite should be reduced to a specific single type, however, never reaching an absolute unification due to migration flow of people following different burial traditions. The program of further research into the funeral tradi-tions has been proposed.
PERANAN DANA PERIMBANGAN DALAM PEMBIAYAAN PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN DAERAH DI KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Faradz Haedah
Published: March 2021

Tax as a source of income for state finance is a manifestation of the community's direct contribution to development goals. The Regional Government of Banyumas Regency on September 10, 2004 proposed the Acquisition of Non-Taxable Tax Objects to the Minister of Finance and based on the Decree of the Head of Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxation of West Java dated Dec-ember 23, 2004, Kep 14 /WPJ 10/BD05/2004 determine the amount of the acquisition value of non-taxable objects in Banyumas Regency. The problem examined in this paper is The Role of Balancing Funds originating from the Fees for Acquiring Land and Building Rights in financing the administration of regional government in Banyumas Regency; and Factors that influence the receipt of balance funds from the Land and Building Rights Acquisition Fees in Banyumas Regency. The research method used was normative juridical, namely statue approach and conceptual approach then analyzed qualitatively. The cost of acquiring land and building rights (BPHTB) in financing the administration of regional government in Banyumas Regency was still relatively small, and its implementation was also influenced by several factors. Keywords: tax, Customs for Land and Building Rights, locally-generated revenue.
The Spin-Spin Interaction Mechanism between Quarks and Its Impact on the Mass Spectrum of Mesons
Authors: Roza Engel
Published: March 2021

A structure-based view on mesons is given, based upon the concept of an archetype quark, described as a pointlike source producing an energy flux, the spatial description of which is derived from Dirac’s second dipole moment. This enables to conceive the archetype meson (pion) as a structure that behaves as a one-body anharmonic quantum mechanical oscillator. All mesons appear being excitations of the archetype, thereby allowing a calculation of the mass spectrum without the use of empirical parameters for the masses of the quark flavors. This includes a physically comprehensible analysis of the spin-spin interaction between quarks. It also provides a solution for the eta-etaprime puzzle. Next to this, it is shown that quite some particles that are presently regarded as elementary, have a common root and can be traced back to a few archetypes only.
SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5 Protein Causes Acute Lung Inflammation: A Dynamical Mathematical Model
Authors: Díaz José , Álvarez-Buylla Elena R. , Bensussen Antonio
Published: March 2021

In the present work we propose a dynamical mathematical model of the lung cells inflammation process in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this scenario the main protease Nsp5 enhances the inflammatory process, increasing the levels of NF kB, IL-6, Cox2, and PGE2 with respect to a reference state without the virus. In presence of the virus the translation rates of NF kB and IkB arise to a high constant value, and when the translation rate of IL-6 also increases above the threshold value of 7 pg mL-1 s-1 the model predicts a persistent over stimulated immune state with high levels of the cytokine IL-6. Our model shows how such over stimulated immune state becomes autonomous of the signals from other immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes, and does not shut down by itself. We also show that in the context of the dynamical model presented here, Dexamethasone or Nimesulide have little effect on such inflammation state of the infected lung cell, and the only form to suppress it is with the inhibition of the activity of the viral protein Nsp5.To that end, our model suggest that drugs like Saquinavir may be useful. In this form, our model suggests that Nsp5 is effectively a central node underlying the severe acute lung inflammation during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The persistent production of IL-6 by lung cells can be one of the causes of the cytokine storm observed in critical patients with COVID19. Nsp5 seems to be the switch to start inflammation, the consequent overproduction of the ACE2 receptor, and an important underlying cause of the most severe cases of COVID19.
The Dirac Electron Consistent with Proper Gravitational and Electromagnetic Field of the Kerr-Newman Solution
Authors: Burinskii Alexander
Published: March 2021

We consider the Dirac electron as a nonperturbative particle-like solution consistent with its own Kerr-Newman (KN) gravitational and electromagnetic field. We develop the earlier models of the KN electron regularized by Israel and López, and consider the non-perturbative electron model as a bag model formed by Higgs mechanism of symmetry breaking. The López regularization determines the unique shape of the electron in the form of a thin disk with a Compton radius reduced by 4π. In our model this disk is coupled with a closed circular string which is placed on the border of the disk and creates the caused by gravitation frame-dragging string tension produced by the vector potential of the Wilson loop. Using remarkable features of the Kerr-Schild coordinate system, which linearizes the Dirac equation, we obtain solutions of the Dirac equation consistent with the KN gravitational and electromagnetic field, and show that this solution takes the form of a massless relativistic string. Parallelism of this model with quantum representations in Heisenberg and Schrodinger pictures explains remarkable properties of the stringy electron model in the relativistic scattering processes.
Mindlin-Reissner Analytical Model with Curvature for Tunnel Ventilation Shafts Analysis
Authors: Álvarez-Pérez José , Peña Fernando
Published: March 2021

The formulation and analytic solution of a new mathematical model with constitutive curvature for analysis of tunnel ventilation shaft wall is proposed. Based on the Mindlin-Reissner theory for thick shells, this model also takes into account the shell constitutive curvature and considers an expression of the shear correction factor variable (αn) in terms of the thickness (h) and the radius of curvature (R). The main advantage of the proposed model is that it has the possibility to analyze thin, medium and thick tunnel ventilation shafts. As a result, two comparisons were made: the first one, between the new model and the Mindlin-Reissner model without constitutive curvature with the shear correction factor (α_n=6/5) as a constant, and the other, between the new model and the tridimensional numerical models (solids and shells) obtained by finite element method for different slenderness ratios (h/R). The limitation of the proposed model is that it is to be formulated for a general linear-elastic and axial-symmetrical state with continuous distribution of the mass.
Tetrel Bonding in CB11H11 Carbonium Ylide
Authors: Ferrer Maxime , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Oliva-Enrich Josep M.
Published: March 2021

High-level quantum-chemical computations (G4MP2) are carried out in the study of complexes featuring tetrel bonding between the carbon atom in the carbenoid CB11H11 - obtained by hydride removal in the C-H bond of the known closo-monocarbadodecaborate anion CB11H12() and acting as Lewis acid (LA) - and Lewis bases (LB) of different type; the electron donor groups in the tetrel bond feature carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur and chlorine atomic centers in neutral molecules as well as anions H(-), OH(-) and F(-). The empty radial 2pr vacant orbital on the carbon center in CB11H11 , which corresponds to the LUMO, acts as a Lewis acid or electron attractor, as shown by the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and electron localization funcion (ELF). The thermochemistry and topological analysis of the complexes {CB11H11:LB} are comprehensively analyzed, and classified according to sharing or closed-shell interactions. ELF analysis shows that the tetrel C···X bond ranges from very polarised bonds, as in H11B11C:F() to very weak interactions as in H11B11C···FH and H11B11C···O=C=O.
The Genomic Organisation of the TRA/TRD Locus Validates the Peculiar Characteristics of Dromedary δ-Chain Expression
Authors: Massari Serafina , Linguiti Giovanna , Giannico Francesco , D'Addabbo Pietro , Ciccarese Salvatrice Maria , Antonacci Rachele
Published: March 2021

The role of γδ T cells in vertebrate immunity is still an unsolved puzzle. Species such as humans and mice display a low percentage of these T lymphocytes (i.e., “γδ low species”) with a restricted diversity of γδ T cell receptors (TR). Conversely, artiodactyl species (i.e., “γδ high species”) ac-count for a high proportion of γδ T cells with large γ and δ chain repertoires. The genomic organisation of the TR γ (TRG) and δ (TRD) loci has been determined in sheep and cattle, noting that a wide number of germline genes that encode for γ and δ chains characterise their genomes. Taking advantage from the current improved version of the genome assembly, we have investigated the genomic structure and gene content of the dromedary TRD locus, which, as in the other mammalian species, is nested within the TR alpha (TRA) genes. The most remarkable finding was the identification of a very limited number of variable germline genes (TRDV) compared to sheep and cattle, which supports our previous expression analyses for which the somatic hypermutation mechanism is able to enlarge and diversify the primary repertoire of dromedary δ chains. Furthermore, the comparison between genomic and expressed sequences reveals that D genes, up to four incorporated in a transcript, greatly contribute to the increased diversity of the dromedary δ chain antigen binding-site.
Issues and Agendas of Pandemic Crisis Management: A Text Analysis of World Economic Forum COVID-19 Reports
Authors: Nam Hyundong , Nam Taewoo
Published: March 2021

This study aims to understand the global environment of COVID-19 management and guide future policy directions after the pandemic crisis. To this end, we analyzed a series of the World Economic Forum’s COVID-19 response reports through text mining and network analysis. These reports, written by experts in diverse fields, discuss multidimensional changes in socioeconomic situations, various problems created by those changes, and strategies to respond to national crises. Based on 3,897 refined words drawn from a morphological analysis of 26 reports (as of the end of 2020), this study analyzes the frequency of words, the relationships among words, the importance of specific documents, and the connection centrality through text mining. In addition, network analysis helps develop strategies for sustainable response to and management of national crises through identifying clusters of words with a similar structural equivalence.
Communion, Care and Leadership in Computer-Mediated Learning During the Early Stage of COVID-19
Authors: Sederevičiūtė-Pačiauskienė Živilė , Valantinaitė Ilona , Kliukas Romualdas
Published: March 2021

This qualitative inquiry explores how, during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania (European Union), the stakeholders in education system – university teachers, general education teachers, students and children’s parents – coped with the encountered challenge and what was important to them under changed conditions. This paper uses a communication management objective to describe how participants in the education system respond to the emerging distance learning situation and its challenges.The phenomenographic research approach was chosen to carry out the qualitative study. The 37 interviews from higher education teachers, university students, school teachers and parents of minor school-aged children were conducted during the early stage of COVID-19 quarantine. The research allows concluding that after a successful transition to distance learning the dimensions of communion and supportive collaboration acquired importance among stakeholders in education. Starting new activities, a need for communion and mobilization for joint activities under the crisis situation emerged. The research showed that the adaptation period was necessary at the beginning of the new activity. Competent leadership was expected from the teacher also advance preparation of all the actors in education process was needed. The data do offer a window into the dynamics of online teaching in crisis situation and experiences in new activity that are key to success.
Quantum-Like Cognition and Rationality: Biological and Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Khrennikov Andrei
Published: March 2021

This is a short introductory review on quantum-like modeling of cognition with applications to decision making and rationality. The aim of the review is twofold: a) to present briefly the apparatus of quantum information and probability theory useful for such modeling; b) to motivate applications of this apparatus in cognitive studies and artifical intelligence, psychology, decision making, social and political sciences. We define quantum rationality as decision making that is based on quantum information processing. Quantumly and classically rational agents behaves differently. A quantum-like agent can violate the Savage Sure Thing Principle, the Aumann theorem on impossibility of agreeing to disagree.Such an agent violates the basic laws of classical probability, e.g., the law of total probability and the Bayesian probability inference. In some contexts, ``irrational behavior'' (from the viewpoint of classical theory of rationality) can be profitable, especially for agents who are overloaded by a variety of information flows. Quantumly rational agents can save a lot of information processing resources. At the same time, this sort of rationality is the basis for quantum-like socio-political engineering, e.g., social laser. This rationality plays the important role in the process of decision making not only by biosystems, but even by AI-systems. The latter equipped with quantum(-like) information processors would behave irrationally, from the classical viewpoint. As for biosystems, quantum rational behavior of AI-systems has its advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we point out that quantum-like information processing in AI-systems can be based on classical physical devices, e.g., classical digital or analog computers.
Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Capacitive Imaging Technique as a Non-Destructive Testing Method
Authors: Abdollahi Mamoudan Farima , Savard Sebastien , Filleter Tobin , Ibarra-Castanedo Clemente , Maldague Xavier
Published: March 2021

It was recently demonstrated that a co-planar capacitive sensor could be applied to the evaluation of materials without the disadvantages associated with the other techniques. This technique effectively detects changes in the dielectric properties of the materials due to, for instance, imperfections or variations in the internal structure, by moving a set of simple electrodes on the surface of the specimen. An AC voltage is applied to one or more electrodes and signals are detected by others. This is a promising inspection method for imaging the interior structure of the numerous materials, without the necessity to be in contact with the surface of the sample. In this paper, Finite Element (FE) modelling was employed to simulate the electric field distribution from a co-planar capacitive sensor and the way it interacts with a non-conducting sample. Physical experiments with a prototype capacitive sensor were also performed on a Plexiglas sample with sub-surface defects, to assess the imaging performance of the sensor. A good qualitative agreement was observed between the numerical simulation and experimental result.
Brain Insulin Resistance: Focus on Insulin Receptor-Mitochondria Interactions
Authors: Pinelis Igor , Pinelis Vsevolod
Published: March 2021

Current hypotheses implicate insulin resistance of the brain as a pathogenic factor in the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, major depression, and traumatic brain injury. A variety of genetic, developmental, and metabolic abnormalities that lead to disturbances in the insulin receptor signal transduction may underlie insulin resistance. Insulin receptor substrate proteins are generally considered to be the node in the insulin signaling system that is critically involved in the development of insulin insensitivity during metabolic stress, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that lower activation of the insulin receptor (IR) is another common, while less discussed, mechanism of insulin resistance in the brain. This review aims to discuss causes behind the diminished activation of IR in neurons, with a focus on the functional relationship between mitochondria and IR during early insulin signaling and the related roles of oxidative stress, mitochondrial hypometabolism, and glutamate excitotoxicity in the development of IR insensitivity to insulin.
Big Data in Studying Acute Pain and Regional Anesthesia
Authors: Müller-Wirtz Lukas M. , Volk Thomas
Published: March 2021

The digital transformation of healthcare is advancing, leading to an increasing availability of clinical data for research. Perioperative big data initiatives were established to monitor treatment quality and benchmark outcomes. However, big data analyzes have long exceeded the status of pure quality surveillance instruments. Large retrospective studies nowadays often represent the first approach to new questions in clinical research and pave the way for more expensive and resource intensive prospective trials. As a consequence, utilization of big data in acute pain and regional anesthesia research considerably increased over the last decade. Multicentric clinical registries and administrative databases (e.g., healthcare claims databases) have collected millions of cases until today, on which basis several important research questions were approached. In acute pain research, big data was used to assess postoperative pain outcomes, opioid utilization, and the efficiency of multimodal pain management strategies. In regional anesthesia, adverse events and potential benefits of regional anesthesia on postoperative morbidity and mortality were evaluated. This article provides a narrative review on the growing importance of big data for research in acute postoperative pain and regional anesthesia.
Classification of Chest X-ray Images Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Abdelmoty , Tharwat Gamal , Bouallegue Belgacem , Khattab Mahmoud , Al Moustafa Ahmad , Matter Safaa
Published: March 2021

Machine Learning has completely transformed health care system, which transmits medical data through IOT sensors. So it is very important to encrypt them to protect patient data. encrypting medical images from a performance perspective consumes time; hence the use of an auto encoder is essential. An auto encoder is used in this work to compress the image as a vector prior to the encryption process. The digital image passes across description function and a decoder to get back the image in the proposed work; various experiments are carried out on hyper parameters to achieve the highest outcome of the classification. The findings demonstrate that the combination of Mean Square Logarithmic Error as the loss function, ADA grad as an optimizer, two layers for the encoder, and another reverse for the decoder, RELU as the activation function generates the best auto encoder results. The combination of Mean square error (lose function), RMS prop (optimizer), three layers for the encoder and another reverse for the decoder, and RELU (activation function) has the best classification result. All the experiments with different hyper parameter has run almost very close to each other even when changing the number of layers. The running time is between 9 and 16 second for each epoch.
MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICE PROVISION TO DERMATOLOGICAL PATIENTS FROM AMONG SUBSIDIZED BENEFICIARIES
Authors:   Kazan State Medical University, LATYPOVA ALSINA F. , YUSUPOVA LUIZA A. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy, TUKHBATULLINA RUZALIYA G. ,   Kazan State Medical University
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the research of medical and pharmaceutical services provided to the patients from among subsidized beneficiaries on the example of the State Autonomous Healthcare Institution «Republican Clinical Dermatological and Venereological Dispensary» (RCDVD), including patients with the diagnosis «common psoriasis» in the Republic of Tatarstan. Ensuring accessibility of pharmaceutical care for the patients at all stages of treatment is the most important task of the state and an important factor for social tension prevention.
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PRECONDITIONS FOR TUBERCULOSIS DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
Authors:   Omsk State Medical University, BAGISHEVA NATALIA V. , MORDYK ANNA V. ,   Omsk State Medical University, NESTEROVA KLIMENTINA I. ,   Omsk State Medical University, GOLTYAPIN VIKTOR V. ,   nstitute of mathematics named after S.L. Sobolev, Novosibirsk, AROYAN ANNA R. ,   Omsk State Medical University, RUDENKO SERGEY A. ,   KPTD No 4, Omsk,, SHIRINSKAYA NATALIA V. ,   Medical Information and Analytical Center, Omsk
Published: March 2021

The problem of tuberculosis has not lost its relevance; the groups at the highest risk of developing tuberculosis should be of the greatest interest for reducing the incidence of tuberculosis.
Classifying Ischial Tuberosity Avulsion Fractures by Ossification Stage and Tendon Attachment
Authors: Mitchell Brendon C. , Bomar James D. , Wenger Dennis R. , Pennock Andrew T.
Published: March 2021

Background:

We propose a new classification system for ischial tuberosity fractures in adolescents that is based on the ossification pattern of the apophysis.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective review of patients who were diagnosed with ischial tuberosity avulsion fractures at a single institution from 2008 to 2018. Skeletal maturity and fracture location, size, and displacement were recorded based on initial injury radiographs. The fractures were classified by location as being lateral (type 1) or complete (type 2). Pelvic computed tomography (CT) review demonstrated 5 stages of ossification. We then reviewed pelvic CT and magnetic resonance imaging scans to assess the tendinous insertions at the ischial tuberosity apophysis. Reliability analysis was performed.

Results:

We identified 45 ischial tuberosity fractures. The mean patient age was 14.4 years (range, 10.3 to 18.0 years). Boys accounted for 82% of the cohort. Forty-seven percent of the fractures were classified as type 1, and 53% were classified as type 2. Type-1 fractures were associated with younger age (p = 0.001), lower Risser score (p = 0.002), lower modified Oxford score (p = 0.002), less displacement (p = 0.001), and smaller size (p < 0.001) when compared with type-2 fractures. Of the 45 patients, 18 had follow-up of >6 months, with 56% going on to nonunion. Nonunion was associated with greater displacement (p = 0.016) and size (p = 0.027). When comparing union rates by fracture type, 33% of type-1 fractures progressed to nonunion, while 78% percent of type-2 fractures progressed to nonunion; however, this difference was not significant (p = 0.153). A review of the advanced imaging indicated that type-1 fractures involved the semimembranosus and conjoined tendons, whereas type-2 fractures also involved the adductor magnus tendon.

Conclusions:

We propose a new classification system based on the ossification pattern of the ischial tuberosity apophysis that reflects the skeletal maturity of the patient, the size and location of the fracture, and the amount of displacement, and likely predicts the probability of subsequent nonunion. The ischial tuberosity ossifies in a pattern similar to the iliac crest as described by Risser, and this pattern of ossification dictates the size of the ischial tuberosity avulsion fracture fragments and the involved tendons.
The role of mirror neurons in cognitive and social functioning*
Authors: Fabiańska Marta , Bosiacki Mateusz , Simińska Donata
Published: March 2021

Mirror neurons were accidentally discovered during research on the activity of nerve cells which was conducted by a team of Italian scientists in Parma. They observed that certain brain cells were activated when an animal performed a given activity but also when it observed a similar activity performed by someone else. The following discovery of mirror neurons in the human brain initiated a wave of experimental research which confirmed that mirror nerve cells are responsible for understanding the mental state of other humans. This process is much more complicated and important from an evolutionary point of view than it might initially seem. The activity of mirror neurons is noticeable in everyday life, during all interactions with other living beings. This is exhibited through mirroring – the reflection of emotional and epistemic mental states of others based on their behavior. We present the activities of mirror neurons and the theoretical framework of research. Finally, we discuss the results of neurological studies which have made it possible to locate and define in detail the role of the mirror neuron system in the human brain.
Principles for Minimizing Errors in Examination Papers and Other Educational Assessment Instruments
Authors: SUTO Irenka , IRELAND Jo
Published: March 2021

Errors in examination papers and other assessment instruments can compromise fairness. For example, a history question containing an incorrect historical date could be impossible for students to answer. Incorrect instructions at the start of an examination could lead students to answer the wrong number of questions. As there is little research on this issue within the educational assessment community, we reviewed the literature on minimizing errors in other industries and domains, including aviation, energy, and medicine. We identified generalizable principles and applied them to our context of educational assessment. We argue that since assessment instrument construction is a complex system comprising numerous interacting components, a holistic approach to system improvement is required. Assessment instrument errors stem primarily from human failure. When human failure occurs, it is not good enough to suggest that ‘to err is simply human’. Instead it is necessary to look deeper, evaluating the latent working conditions that underpin the efficacy of procedures, making the human failure more or less likely. Drawing from the aviation industry’s ergonomic SHELLO model, we articulate and explore three of the most critical working conditions that relate to our context: (i) time pressure, (ii) workload and stress, and (iii) wider organizational culture, including good error data collection. We conclude with recommendations for best practice in minimizing errors in assessment instruments. A ‘good’ error culture should be promoted, which avoids blaming individuals. Errors should be acknowledged readily by all, and system owners should take a scientific approach to understanding and learning from them.
(Ne)premostivi jaz između bogatih i siromašnih, volja za životom i sloboda – Parazit i Joker
Authors: Gavrić Goran
Published: March 2021

Posljedice jaza između siromašnih i bogatih mogu biti različitih razmjera, u zavisnosti od toga trpi li ih pojedinac ili veća grupa ljudi. Iako se u slučaju različitih društvenih grupa zahvaća znatno šire polje djelovanja, naročito ako se ono omasovljava u vidu prosvjeda, posljedice mogu biti gore za pojedinca jer ih može osjetiti snažnije. U ovom se radu razmatra pojam egzistencije iz dva aspekta, sociološko­ekonomskog i filozofskog, na primjerima filmova Parazit (2019.) i Joker (2019.), s posebnim usmjerenjem na problem siromaštva.
A NEWER METHODDEVELOPED FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF DIFERULOYL METHANE AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry Changu Kana Thakur ACS College Panvel (Autonomous) Maharashtra India., Pawara J.M. , Patil S.S. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry Changu Kana Thakur ACS College Panvel (Autonomous) Maharashtra India., Patil D.K. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry Changu Kana Thakur ACS College Panvel (Autonomous) Maharashtra India., Kamble V.S. ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry Changu Kana Thakur ACS College Panvel (Autonomous) Maharashtra India.
Published: March 2021

Here in the current research work we have developed newer method for the synthesis of diferuloyl methane(curcumin)Ca-q. MangnesiumHydroxide were found to be an effective and mild base for synthesis of curcumin and its derivatives obtained by reaction of one equivalent of acetyl acetone with two equivalent of corresponding aromatic aldehyde in microwave(240 W). The existingscheme offers severalaids such as high yield, less time, and environmentally friendly.
NEED OF RIVER REJUVENATION IN INDIA
Authors:   Department of Geography, Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus Almora, Uttarakhand (India)., Parihar D.S.
Published: March 2021

India today is desperately in need of answers to resolve its water crisis. The country faces a critical challenge is improve the productivity of drinking fresh water. No socio-economic development or even political stability will ever be possible without ensuring uninterrupted supply of quality potable water. It is therefore clear that river rejuvenation will need to be distributed across the country. In other words, we will need to capture rain water, where it falls, over vast parts of the country so that we can provide local water security and recharge every well. Present study examines the presence of water resources in India from two perspectives: pollution in the river basins and need of river rejuvenation work implemented in India. This is based on river rejuvenation needed in India and water resources affected by dumping many sources and types of pollutions in River basins.
SELF ESTEEM OF SECONDARY SCHOOL THARU STUDENTS OF WEST CHAMPARAN
Authors:   St. Xaviers College of Education (Autonomous), Dighaghat, Patna, Bihar, India., Topno Ignatius
Published: March 2021

SelfEsteemis a central construct in clinical, developmental, personality, and social psychology.Self Esteem can be defined as an individuals judgment of his or her self-worth (Rosenberg 1965). Self Esteem is generally considered the evaluative component of the self-concept, a broader representation of the self that includes cognitive and behavioral aspects as well as evaluative or affective ones (Tomaka&Blascovich, 1991). Self Esteem creates self-image (Judy and Arin 2004). People with high self esteem take risks more easily than those with low self Esteem. Self Esteem, that is contingent on success and competence, triggers fundamentally different habitual thought and behavior patterns than contingent self Esteem, that involves seeking compensation from emotional support and acceptance. These behaviors and attitudes have in recent studies been linked to distinctive patterns of coping with social threats and differential health outcomes.It is an extremely popular construct within psychology, and has been related to virtually every other psychological concept or domain, including personality, behavioral, cognitive, and clinical concepts. It can influence life in myriad ways, from academic and professional success to relationships and mental health. On the above criteria in mind the researcher desired using mean, standard deviation t test to study the difference between the mean scores of male and female, Private and Government job holders children, age of students, type of family and finally the standard of students in their self-esteem of secondary school Tharu children of West Champaran . The result declared that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of male and female,Private and government Job holders children, single and nuclear family, whereas there is a significant difference between the mean scores of less than 14 and above 14 years and IXth and Xth Standard secondary school Tharu students in their self-esteem.