bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of the Training of Nine Times New York Marathon Winner Grete Waitz
Authors: Tjelta Leif Inge , Tønnessen Espen , Enoksen Eystein
Published: January 2014

The purpose of the present study is to give a description of the exceptional running career of Grete Waitz (GW) and give special attention to the distribution of training volume and training intensity in two of her most successful years as an international long-distance and marathon runner. Training data are based on an analysis of GW's training diaries from her early start as a track and field athlete to her best performance years as a long-distance track runner and marathon runner. The main finding in this study was that GW's total running volume, in her best seasons, varied between 119–132 km · week−1 in the different meso-cycles of the training year. Her weekly training volume is far below the volume reported for the current female World Record holder for the marathon distance at the time of writing. Her training typically consisted of two daily sessions of continuous running (50–60 min) at a relatively high intensity. She did very few long interval training sessions, but she usually did one high-intensity session of shorter intervals/sprint training (strides) per week. In the season 1978–1979 she took part in 50 competitions (ranging from 800m to marathon) of which she won 48. Her best track performance in this season was her Nordic record in the 3000 m, 8:31.75 which would have been the best time in the world in 2011 and 2012.
Visual Search Strategy in Judo Fighters during the Execution of the First Grip
Authors: Piras Alessandro , Pierantozzi Emanuela , Squatrito Salvatore
Published: January 2014

Visual search behaviour is believed to be very relevant for athlete performance, especially for sports requiring refined visuo-motor coordination skills. Modern coaches believe that optimal visuo-motor strategy may be part of advanced training programs. Gaze behaviour of expert and novice judo fighters was investigated while they were doing a real sport-specific task. The athletes were tested while they performed a first grip either in an attack or defence condition. The results showed that expert judo fighters use a search strategy involving fewer fixations of longer duration than their novice counterparts. Experts spent a greater percentage of their time fixating on lapel and face with respect to other areas of the scene. On the contrary, the most frequently fixed cue for novice group was the sleeve area. It can be concluded that experts orient their gaze in the middle of the scene, both in attack and in defence, in order to gather more information at once, perhaps using parafoveal vision.
Improved design of hammerhead ribozyme for selective digestion of target RNA through recognition of site-specific adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing
Authors: Fukuda Masatora , Kurihara Kei , Yamaguchi Shota , Oyama Yui , Deshimaru Masanobu
Published: January 2014

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is an endogenous regulatory mechanism involved in various biological processes. Site-specific, editing-state–dependent degradation of target RNA may be a powerful tool both for analyzing the mechanism of RNA editing and for regulating biological processes. Previously, we designed an artificial hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) for selective, site-specific RNA cleavage dependent on the A-to-I RNA editing state. In the present work, we developed an improved strategy for constructing a trans-acting HHR that specifically cleaves target editing sites in the adenosine but not the inosine state. Specificity for unedited sites was achieved by utilizing a sequence encoding the intrinsic cleavage specificity of a natural HHR. We used in vitro selection methods in an HHR library to select for an extended HHR containing a tertiary stabilization motif that facilitates HHR folding into an active conformation. By using this method, we successfully constructed highly active HHRs with unedited-specific cleavage. Moreover, using HHR cleavage followed by direct sequencing, we demonstrated that this ribozyme could cleave serotonin 2C receptor (HTR2C) mRNA extracted from mouse brain, depending on the site-specific editing state. This unedited-specific cleavage also enabled us to analyze the effect of editing state at the E and C sites on editing at other sites by using direct sequencing for the simultaneous quantification of the editing ratio at multiple sites. Our approach has the potential to elucidate the mechanism underlying the interdependencies of different editing states in substrate RNA with multiple editing sites.
Simple methods for the 3′ biotinylation of RNA
Authors: Moritz Bodo , Wahle Elmar
Published: January 2014

Biotinylation of RNA allows its tight coupling to streptavidin and is thus useful for many types of experiments, e.g., pull-downs. Here we describe three simple techniques for biotinylating the 3′ ends of RNA molecules generated by chemical or enzymatic synthesis. First, extension with either the Schizosaccharomyces pombe noncanonical poly(A) polymerase Cid1 or Escherichia coli poly(A) polymerase and N6-biotin-ATP is simple, efficient, and generally applicable independently of the 3′-end sequences of the RNA molecule to be labeled. However, depending on the enzyme and the reaction conditions, several or many biotinylated nucleotides are incorporated. Second, conditions are reported under which splint-dependent ligation by T4 DNA ligase can be used to join biotinylated and, presumably, other chemically modified DNA oligonucleotides to RNA 3′ ends even if these are heterogeneous as is typical for products of enzymatic synthesis. Third, we describe the use of ϕ29 DNA polymerase for a template-directed fill-in reaction that uses biotin-dUTP and, thanks to the enzyme's proofreading activity, can cope with more extended 3′ heterogeneities.
The Impact of Gender Wage Gap on Sectoral Economic Growth – Cross-country Approach
Authors: Wolszczak-Derlacz Joanna
Published: January 2014

We propose an empirical analysis of testing the relationship between gender wage gap and economic growth. The study takes into account 12 manufacturing sectors in 18 OECD countries for the period between 1970 and 2005.We use industrial statistics (EU KLEMS, 2008) on female and male wages that distinguish between wages paid to different groups of workers classified according to skill level: high, medium and low. We estimate augmented production function where the malefemale wage differentials constitute a potential channel influencing growth (positively or negatively). Our research is motivated by the ambiguous results of previous empirical studies (e.g.: Seguiono 2000; Busse, Spielmann 2006; Seguino 2011; Schober, Winter-Ebmer 2011). Our main findings indicate that gender wage gap for high, medium and low-skilled workers is negatively correlated with sectoral growth. This results are confirmed in a number of robustness checks.
Modeling Family Adaptation to Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Raspa Melissa , Bailey Donald B. , Bann Carla , Bishop Ellen
Published: January 2014

Using data from a survey of 1,099 families who have a child with Fragile X syndrome, we examined adaptation across 7 dimensions of family life: parenting knowledge, social support, social life, financial impact, well-being, quality of life, and overall impact. Results illustrate that although families report a high quality of life, they struggle with areas such as social support, social life, and parenting knowledge. Path analysis revealed that child and family factors play a role in adaptation, but family resources and social supports moderated their effect on quality of life, well-being, and overall impact. The interrelationship among multiple aspects of family life should be examined to improve family resiliency.
Employment Outcomes of Transition-Aged Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A State of the States Report
Authors: Burgess Sloane , Cimera Robert E.
Published: January 2014

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the employment outcomes of transition-aged adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) served by vocational rehabilitation services (VR) over the last 10 years by state. A secondary purpose was to compare employment outcomes of individuals with ASD to those of the overall transition-aged population served by VR for the same time period. Although there was variability both within and among states, the results of this study indicate that, over time, the number of young adults with ASD seeking VR services has increased; however, employment outcomes including the percent of adults with ASD achieving employment, the number of hours worked, and wages earned have not improved for this group. The cost to provide VR services to transition-aged adults with ASD was relatively stable over time. Transition-aged adults with ASD were more likely to become successfully employed as a result of receiving VR services than the overall population of transition-aged adults served by VR. However, the employed transition-aged adults consistently worked fewer hours and earned lower wages than those in the overall population. Factors that may influence variability within and among states, and between groups, and implications for research and practice are discussed.
A survey of arts and health programmes in Israel
Authors: Schwartz Samuel
Published: January 2014

This article summarizes the current state of the field of applied arts and health in Israel. It begins by reviewing the literature assessing the state of applied arts and health in other countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia). After establishing a research methodology, it provides a short history of the development of applied arts and health in Israel. The main section of the article assesses practice in Israel in the five content areas of applied arts and health: patient care, community well-being, caring for care-givers, education and healing environments. Patient care dominates the field of applied arts and health in Israel. The author hypothesizes that this is due to the extraordinarily robust role that the creative-arts therapies play in Israel’s healthcare system. The article concludes with some suggestions for how research in the field may be advanced in the future.
An oasis in Jerusalem: Cultural richness and the positive side effects of exposure to expressive art therapy in The French Hospital
Authors: Einstein Tamar
Published: January 2014

In this article, an expressive arts therapist at the Jerusalem French Hospital St. Louis explores how exposure to the arts has positive side effects on families, staff, and other patients and how an oasis of shared, rich, cross-cultural life exists in a place of illness and death. Beneficial healthcare outcomes are achieved in the hospital when cultural richness interacts with the use of the arts.
The role of the musician working with traumatized people in a war-affected area: Let the music happen
Authors: van Eck Fabienne
Published: January 2014

What should be the role of a musician working with traumatized people in war-affected areas? How can the musician support the healing process of the participants in music workshops? The author, who ran such workshops in the Middle East and the Great Lakes Area in Africa, concludes that a passive role can sometimes lead to an active attitude from participants, which empowers their self-healing capacities.
Arts in medical education
Authors: Karkabi Khaled , Castel Orit Cohen
Published: January 2014

Our research concentrates on two key topics in medical humanities: arts and narrative for deepening compassion in medical education, and using abstract paintings to improve reflective competence through faculty development workshops. The authors designed and delivered workshops to enhance physicians’ competencies in each of these areas. The first workshop used figurative paintings and narrative both to enhance understanding of the sufferer as well as to deepen compassion among medical students and practicing physicians. The second used abstract paintings to develop reflective competence among medical teachers. Participants in the first workshop reported a change in their attitudes towards suffering and compassion for the sufferer. Assessment of the second workshop showed that the combined use of arts and narratives was perceived as contributing to the reflective exercise.
Cueva de la Casa Colorá: un yacimiento eneolítico en el Valle Medio del Vinalopó (Alicante)
Authors: Hernández Pérez Mauro S.
Published: January 2014

Se da a conocer el ajuar de la Cueva de la Casa Colorá (Elda, Alicante), conservado en el Museo Municipal de Elda. Se trata de una cueva de enterramiento múltiple, donde se inhumaron al menos tres individuos adultos y cuyo ajuar se componía de cerámica, hachas pulimentadas, puntas de flecha y láminas de sílex y punzones de metal y hueso. Se realizan, asimismo, algunas consideraciones sobre el poblamiento eneolítico en el Valle Medio del Vinalopó (Alicante).
Cuenca romana. Contribución al estudio epigráfico
Authors: Rodríguez Colmenero Antonio
Published: January 2014

Con la presente aportación se pretende iniciar la publicación sistemática de todos los epígrafes de cualquier naturaleza dispersos por el área conquense. El conjunto que hoy estudiamos comprende 95 inscripciones de diversa naturaleza (funerarias, votivas, viadas, honorificas, etc.), muchas de ellas desaparecidas, pero conocidas mediante bosquejos efectuados sobre el original; otras, rigurosamente inéditas todavía. Nuestro propósito consiste, por el momento, en ir dando a conocer, sistematizándolos, los distintos conjuntos epigráficos, para en un estudio-resumen que tenemos ya iniciado, efectuar una investigación histórica de conjunto que tendrá por base los interesantísimos datos aportados por los mismos.
One-pot three-component synthesis of substituted 2-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidines from pyrimidin-2-yl sulfonates, sodium azide and active methylene ketones
Authors: Quan Zheng-Jun , Wang Miao-Miao , Yang Liang-Jie , Da Yu-Xia , Zhang Zhang , Wang Xi-Cun
Published: January 2014

New 2-(1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pyrimidines were synthesized in good yields by the three-component reaction of pyrimidin-2-yl sulfonates, sodium azide and active methylene ketones in the presence of K2CO3 at room temperature. This procedure eliminates the need to handle organic azides in the synthesis of analogous compounds.
Determinants of condom use at sexual debut among young Vietnamese
Authors: Do Trang H.T. , Le Linh C. , Burgess John A. , Bui Dinh S.
Published: January 2014

Background and aims: Condom use at sexual debut is associated with subsequent condom use and with decreased risk of sexually transmitted infections. There is a dearth of data on determinants of condom use at first sexual intercourse. We aimed to determine factors associated with condom use at first sexual intercourse before marriage among Vietnamese adolescents and youths.

Methods: The study involved the analysis of data from the Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth, 2003, the first nationally representative survey of young people in Vietnam. The survey included 7584 adolescents and youths aged 14–25 years. In this study, data of 605 adolescents and youths who had engaged in premarital sex were analyzed for factors associated with condom use using descriptive analyses, and regression techniques, allowing for sampling weights, clustering and stratification.

Results: Of 605 adolescents and youths who had engaged in premarital sex, 28.6% reported condom use at first sexual intercourse. Condom use at sexual debut was less common in females than males [odds ratio (OR)=0.15; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)=0.07–0.30] and less common in those who experienced peer pressure to engage in social higher risk behaviors (OR=0.57; 95% CI=0.32–0.99). Condom use was more common if a friend/acquaintance or a stranger/sex worker was the first sexual partner (OR=2.20; 95% CI=1.16–4.17 and OR=17.90; 95% CI=6.88–46.54) respectively, each compared with fiancé/boyfriend/girlfriend as first sexual partner.

Conclusions: These data suggest that approximately one in three unmarried Vietnamese youths used a condom at first sexual intercourse. Gender, peer pressure and the nature of the relationship to the first sexual partner were independently associated with condom use. These results can inform programs directed at preventing HIV and other sexually transmitted infections among young Vietnamese.
Electroencephalography Correlates of Spatial Working Memory Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Vigilance, Encoding, and Maintenance
Authors: Lenartowicz Agatha , Delorme Arnaud , Walshaw Patricia D. , Cho Alex L. , Bilder Robert M. , McGough James J. , McCracken James T. , Makeig Scott , Loo Sandra K.
Published: January 2014

In the current study we sought to dissociate the component processes of working memory (WM) (vigilance, encoding and maintenance) that may be differentially impaired in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We collected electroencephalographic (EEG) data from 52 children with ADHD and 47 typically developing (TD) children, ages 7–14 years, while they performed a spatial Sternberg working memory task. We used independent component analysis and time-frequency analysis to identify midoccipital alpha (8–12 Hz) to evaluate encoding processes and frontal midline theta (4–7 Hz) to evaluate maintenance processes. We tested for effects of task difficulty and cue processing to evaluate vigilance. Children with ADHD showed attenuated alpha band event-related desynchronization (ERD) during encoding. This effect was more pronounced when task difficulty was low (consistent with impaired vigilance) and was predictive of memory task performance and symptom severity. Correlated with alpha ERD during encoding were alpha power increases during the maintenance period (relative to baseline), suggesting a compensatory effort. Consistent with this interpretation, midfrontal theta power increases during maintenance were stronger in ADHD and in high-load memory conditions. Furthermore, children with ADHD exhibited a maturational lag in development of posterior alpha power whereas age-related changes in frontal theta power deviated from the TD pattern. Last, subjects with ADHD showed age-independent attenuation of evoked responses to warning cues, suggesting low vigilance. Combined, these three EEG measures predicted diagnosis with 70% accuracy. We conclude that the interplay of impaired vigilance and encoding in ADHD may compromise maintenance and lead to impaired WM performance in this group.
Expression of Proteolipid Protein Gene in Spinal Cord Stem Cells and Early Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Is Dispensable for Normal Cell Migration and Myelination
Authors: Harlow Danielle E. , Saul Katherine E. , Culp Cecilia M. , Vesely Elisa M. , Macklin Wendy B.
Published: January 2014

Plp1gene expression occurs very early in development, well before the onset of myelination, creating a conundrum with regard to the function of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP), one of the major proteins in compact myelin. Using PLP-EGFP mice to investigatePlp1promoter activity, we found that, at very early time points, PLP-EGFP was expressed in Sox2+ undifferentiated precursors in the spinal cord ventricular zone (VZ), as well as in the progenitors of both neuronal and glial lineages. As development progressed, most PLP-EGFP-expressing cells gave rise to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). The expression of PLP-EGFP in the spinal cord was quite dynamic during development. PLP-EGFP was highly expressed as cells delaminated from the VZ. Expression was downregulated as cells moved laterally through the cord, and then robustly upregulated as OPCs differentiated into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes. The presence of PLP-EGFP expression in OPCs raises the question of its role in this migratory population. We crossed PLP-EGFP reporter mice into aPlp1-null background to investigate the role of PLP in early OPC development. In the absence of PLP, normal numbers of OPCs were generated and their distribution throughout the spinal cord was unaffected. However, the orientation and length of OPC processes during migration was abnormal inPlp1-null mice, suggesting that PLP plays a role either in the structural integrity of OPC processes or in their response to extracellular cues that orient process outgrowth.
Prefrontal Deficits in a Murine Model Overexpressing the Down Syndrome Candidate GeneDyrk1a
Authors: Thomazeau Aurore , Lassalle Olivier , Iafrati Jillian , Souchet Benoit , Guedj Fayçal , Janel Nathalie , Chavis Pascale , Delabar Jean , Manzoni Olivier J.
Published: January 2014

The geneDyrk1ais the mammalian ortholog of Drosophilaminibrain. Dyrk1alocalizes in the Down syndrome (DS) critical region of chromosome 21q22.2 and is a major candidate for the behavioral and neuronal abnormalities associated with DS. PFC malfunctions are a common denominator in several neuropsychiatric diseases, including DS, but the contribution of DYRK1A in PFC dysfunctions, in particular the synaptic basis for impairments of executive functions reported in DS patients, remains obscure. We quantified synaptic plasticity, biochemical synaptic markers, and dendritic morphology of deep layer pyramidal PFC neurons in adult mBACtgDyrk1a transgenic mice that overexpressDyrk1aunder the control of its own regulatory sequences. We found that overexpression of Dyrk1a largely increased the number of spines on oblique dendrites of pyramidal neurons, as evidenced by augmented spine density, higher PSD95 protein levels, and larger miniature EPSCs. The dendritic alterations were associated with anomalous NMDAR-mediated long-term potentiation and accompanied by a marked reduction in the pCaMKII/CaMKII ratio in mBACtgDyrk1a mice. Retrograde endocannabinoid-mediated long-term depression (eCB-LTD) was ablated in mBACtgDyrk1a mice. Administration of green tea extracts containing epigallocatechin 3-gallate, a potent DYRK1A inhibitor, to adult mBACtgDyrk1a mice normalized long-term potentiation and spine anomalies but not eCB-LTD. However, inhibition of the eCB deactivating enzyme monoacylglycerol lipase normalized eCB-LTD in mBACtgDyrk1a mice. These data shed light on previously undisclosed participation of DYRK1A in adult PFC dendritic structures and synaptic plasticity. Furthermore, they suggest its involvement in DS-related endophenotypes and identify new potential therapeutic strategies.
GABAergic Neurogliaform Cells Represent Local Sources of Insulin in the Cerebral Cortex
Authors: Molnár Gábor , Faragó Nóra , Kocsis Ágnes K. , Rózsa Márton , Lovas Sándor , Boldog Eszter , Báldi Rita , Csajbók Éva , Gardi János , Puskás László G. , Tamás Gábor
Published: January 2014

Concentrations of insulin in the brain are severalfold higher than blood plasma levels. Insulin in the brain regulates the metabolism, molecular composition, and cognitive performance of microcircuits and reduces food intake; cerebral insulin levels are altered in diabetes, aging, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. Released by pancreatic β cells, insulin passes the blood–brain barrier, but sources of locally released insulin still remain unclear. We find that insulin is strongly expressed in GABAergic neurogliaform cells in the cerebral cortex of the rat detected by single-cell digital PCR. Focal application of glucose or glibenclamide to neurogliaform cells mimics the excitation suppressing effect of external insulin on local microcircuits via insulin receptors. Thus, neurogliaform cells might link GABAergic and insulinergic action in cortical microcircuits.
TREK2 Expressed Selectively in IB4-Binding C-Fiber Nociceptors Hyperpolarizes Their Membrane Potentials and Limits Spontaneous Pain
Authors: Acosta Cristian , Djouhri Laiche , Watkins Roger , Berry Carol , Bromage Kirsty , Lawson Sally N.
Published: January 2014

Ongoing/spontaneous pain behavior is associated with ongoing/spontaneous firing (SF) in adult DRG C-fiber nociceptors (Djouhri et al., 2006). Causes of this SF are not understood. We show here that conducting (sometimes called uninjured) C-nociceptors in neuropathic pain models with more hyperpolarized resting membrane potentials (Ems) have lower SF rates. Understanding the control of their Ems may therefore be important for limiting pathological pain. We report that TREK2, a leak K+channel, is selectively expressed in IB4 binding rat C-nociceptors. These IB4+C-neurons are ∼10 mV more hyperpolarized than IB4−C-neuronsin vivo(Fang et al., 2006). TREK2 knockdown by siRNA in these neurons in culture depolarized them by ∼10 mV, suggesting that TREK2 is responsible for this ∼10 mV difference.In vivo, more hyperpolarized C-nociceptor Ems were associated with higher cytoplasmic edge-TREK2 expression (edge-TREK2). Edge-TREK2 decreased in C-neurons 7 d after axotomy, and their Ems depolarized by ∼10 mV. This again supports a contribution of TREK2 to their Ems. These relationships between (1) Em and TREK2, (2) SF rate and Em, and (3) spontaneous pain behavior and C-nociceptor SF rate suggested that TREK2 knockdown might increase spontaneous pain. After CFA-induced inflammation, spontaneous foot lifting (a measure of spontaneous pain) was (1) greater in rats with naturally lower TREK2 in ipsilateral small DRG neurons and (2) increased by siRNA-induced TREK2 knockdownin vivo. We conclude that TREK2 hyperpolarizes IB4 binding C-nociceptors and limits pathological spontaneous pain. Similar TREK2 distributions in small DRG neurons of several species suggest that these role(s) of TREK2 may be widespread.
δ-Opioid and Dopaminergic Processes in Accumbens Shell Modulate the Cholinergic Control of Predictive Learning and Choice
Authors: Laurent Vincent , Bertran-Gonzalez Jesus , Chieng Billy C. , Balleine Bernard W.
Published: January 2014

Decision-making depends on the ability to extract predictive information from the environment to guide future actions. Outcome-specific Pavlovian-instrumental transfer (PIT) provides an animal model of this process in which a stimulus predicting a particular outcome biases choice toward actions earning that outcome. Recent evidence suggests that cellular adaptations of δ-opioid receptors (DORs) on cholinergic interneurons (CINs) in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAc-S) are necessary for PIT. Here we found that modulation of DORs in CINs critically influences D1-receptor (D1R)-expressing projection neurons in the NAc-S to promote PIT. First, we assessed PIT-induced changes in signaling processes in dopamine D1- and D2-receptor-expressing neurons usingdrd2-eGFP mice, and found that PIT-related signaling was restricted to non-D2R-eGFP-expressing neurons, suggesting major involvement of D1R-neurons. Next we confirmed the role of D1Rs pharmacologically: the D1R antagonist SCH-23390, but not the D2R antagonist raclopride, infused into the NAc-S abolished PIT in rats, an effect that depended on DOR activity. Moreover, asymmetrical infusion of SCH-23390 and the DOR antagonist naltrindole into the NAc-S also abolished PIT. DOR agonists were found to sensitize the firing responses of CINs in brain slices prepared immediately after the PIT test. We confirmed the opioid-acetylcholinergic influence over D1R-neurons by selectively blocking muscarinic M4 receptors in the NAc-S, which tightly regulate the activity of D1Rs, a treatment that rescued the deficit in PIT induced by naltrindole. We describe a model of NAc-S function in which DORs modulate CINs to influence both D1R-neurons and stimulus-guided choice between goal-directed actions.
The Influence of Compositional Changes on the Glass-Forming Ability of Y-Containing Mg Alloys
Authors: Eshed E. , Bamberger M. , Katsman A.
Published: January 2014

The effect of compositional changes on the glass forming ability of Mg alloys containing Y was studied. Four rapidly-solidified Mg-alloys were investigated: Mg91Y7.5La1.5, Mg85Y12La3, Mg86Y9.5Cu2.5La2 and Mg82Y11La4Eu3. XRD and DSC spectra revealed that the Mg86Y9.5Cu2.5La2 was the most amorphous out of the investigated alloys. A model based on a spinodal-like decomposition of a supercooled liquid alloy was developed. The model provides qualitative and quantitative explanation for the variation in glass forming ability.
Concomitant infection of Neospora caninum and Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 in spontaneous bovine abortions
Authors: Marin Maia S. , Morrell Eleonora L. , Pérez Sandra E. , Leunda María R. , Moore Dadín P. , Jones Leandro R. , Campero Carlos M. , Odeón Anselmo C.
Published: January 2014

Bovine Herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) has not been conclusively demonstrated to cause bovine abortion. Brain lesions produced by Neospora caninum and Bovine Herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) exhibit common features. Therefore, careful microscopic evaluation and additional diagnostic procedures are required to achieve an accurate final etiological diagnosis. The aim of the present work was to investigate the occurrence of infections due to BoHV-1, BoHV-5 and N. caninum in 68 cases of spontaneous bovine abortions which showed microscopic lesions in the fetal central nervous system. This study allowed the identification of 4 (5.9%) fetuses with dual infection by BoHV-5 and N. caninum and 33 (48.5%) cases in which N. caninum was the sole pathogen identified. All cases were negative to BoHV-1. The results of this study provide evidence that dual infection by BoHV-5 and N. caninum occur during pregnancy in cattle; however, the role of BoHV-5 as a primary cause of bovine abortion needs further research. Molecular diagnosis of BoHV-5 and N. caninum confirmed the importance of applying complementary assays to improve the sensitivity of diagnosing bovine abortion.
Abundância de Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) em diferentes subprodutos canavieiros
Authors: Corrêa Elaine C. , Ribas Augusto Cesar A. , Campos Jairo , Barros Antonio Thadeu M.
Published: January 2014

Um aumento na abundância de Stomoxys calcitrans tem sido observado em áreas de produção sucroalcooleira devido aos subprodutos orgânicos resultantes desta atividade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a abundância desta espécie em diferentes subprodutos da cana-de-açúcar. De janeiro a dezembro de 2011, a abundância de S. calcitrans foi monitorada em quatro subprodutos: bagaço, palha, torta de filtro (TF) e palha com vinhaça (PV), em uma usina sucroalcooleira no município de Angélica, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Mensalmente, 20 armadilhas de emergência foram distribuídas em cada substrato, mantidas ativas por quatro semanas. Durante todo o período de estudo, 4.049 espécimes de S. calcitrans foram coletados nos diferentes substratos, representando 9,22% do total de dípteros capturados nas armadilhas. Os quatro subprodutos amostrados apresentaram significativas diferenças em relação à abundância de S. calcitrans, sendo maior na TF (67,20%) e na PV (29,19%). Picos de abundância foram observados em junho (PV) e outubro (PV e TF). Maior produtividade de S. calcitrans foi observada na TF (55,8 moscas/mII) e na PV (24,2 moscas/mII), com produção média mensal de S. calcitrans na usina estimada em 37 mil e 24 milhões, respectivamente. A elevada capacidade de reprodução da S. calcitrans em subprodutos da usina explica as explosões populacionais desta espécie, ocorridas recentemente em fazendas pecuárias próximas a usinas sucroalcooleiras.
"É muita mistura": projetos religiosos, políticos, sociais, midiáticos, de saúde e segurança pública nas periferias do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Machado Carly
Published: January 2014

O presente artigo se propõe a analisar o show da banda gospel Ministério Diante do Trono, no Complexo do Alemão, realizado três meses após sua ocupação pelo Exército no contexto da política de pacificação, visando discutir mediadores e mediações privilegiados da relação entre religião, política e mídia no Rio de Janeiro. Tal perspectiva parte da ideia de que a paisagem midiática é crucial para a discussão de questões políticas, sociais e religiosas na atualidade, no Estado do Rio. Através de um olhar sobre o programa de pacificação promovido pela segurança pública fluminense, este artigo aborda o processo de produção e manutenção efetiva de um projeto moral de redenção conduzido pelo Estado do Rio de Janeiro, de modo associar a "libertação" político-estatal dos territórios do domínio do crime, com a libertação religiosa cristã do pecado, do mal e do inimigo.
Fazer da queda um trampolim: ou como um soldado da borracha se tornou pastor
Authors: Boyer Véronique
Published: January 2014

O artigo contempla a trajetória de um nordestino que, durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, foi para o estado amazonense do Acre, onde se tornará um dos primeiros pastores da Assembleia de Deus. A análise da narrativa de Braz procura entender o discurso e as práticas religiosas levando em conta os interesses econômicos, políticos e sociais dos protagonistas. Torna-se então claro que a missão religiosa, interpretada pelo pastor como o resultado de um chamado divino, é forjada por alianças e disputas de natureza mais material.
A Mãe e o Filho como peregrinos: dois modelos de peregrinação católica no Brasil
Authors: Maués Raymundo Heraldo
Published: January 2014

Duas formas de peregrinação, em duas regiões distintas do Brasil. Em São Paulo, no sudeste brasileiro, em direção à cidade-santuário de Bom Jesus de Pirapora, um "sacerdote particular" imita Cristo ao carregar enorme cruz que afirma pesar mais de cem quilos, em um trajeto de cerca de sessenta quilômetros. Isso é feito também, todos os anos, por muitos outros, homens e mulheres, durante a Semana Santa, partindo de várias cidades da região, embora carreguem cruzes bem menos pesadas. Em Belém do Pará, na Amazônia, muitas imagens de Nossa Senhora de Nazaré peregrinam pelas ruas da cidade, durante a festa do Círio de Nazaré, que culmina com enorme procissão, anualmente, no mês de outubro. Essas duas formas de peregrinação são especiais, porque, nelas, quem caminha não são propriamente os romeiros, mas o Filho de Deus e sua Santa Mãe, que o fazem simbolicamente, sendo "corporificados" ou tendo suas imagens conduzidas pelos peregrinos humanos, de ambos os sexos. Este artigo pretende explorar analiticamente aspectos simbólicos desses eventos, à luz da teoria antropológica, a partir de pesquisa de campo (com observação direta) e da bibliografia disponível sobre o tema. Um dos objetivos é mostrar que, na "ética da peregrinação" (Victor Turner), as formas inventivas do imaginário permitem uma troca de papéis entre a divindade e o fiel que é perfeitamente adequada a essa possível gramática do sagrado.
Em Juazeiro do Norte, Nossa Senhora é Deus-mãe: um feminismo mariano?
Authors: Campos Roberta Bivar C. , Nascimento Jr. Joaquim Izidro do
Published: January 2014

O modelo feminino mariano destaca modos de comportamentos tais como submissão, humildade, generosidade etc. Tais comportamentos compõem as . Há possibilidades de se contrapor a este poder através de uma (Bourdieu 2003). Ao lado dessa perspectiva, destacamos que o amor materno não pode ser compreendido com ênfase na dominação; há algo de uma ordem maior que se aproxima do ágape cristão (Mayblin 2010). Este amor materno pode ser interpretado como uma ideia-valor (Dumont 2000) que orienta e ordena a ação dos indivíduos. Os autores discutem em que medida e quais os limites de se pensar o marianismo como uma ruptura com a ordem masculina.
Caracterização da comunicação entre progenitores e filhos em idade escolar: estudo com uma amostra portuguesa
Authors: Portugal Alda Marques , Alberto Isabel Marques
Published: January 2014

A comunicação parento-filial é uma dimensão central do exercício da parentalidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar e comparar as percepções de 467 progenitores e 329 crianças (entre 7 e 11 anos) sobre a comunicação parento-filial, através da Escala de Avaliação da Comunicação na Parentalidade (COMPA). Os testes t de Student, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson revelaram alguns resultados estatisticamente significativos: destaque positivo de mães/filhas na comunicação, relação positiva entre dimensões metacomunicação e partilha/confiança da intimidade por parte das crianças, e influência das variáveis sociodemográficas (níveis socioeconómico e de escolaridade baixos, contexto rural) sobre a comunicação. De uma forma geral, os resultados sugerem a necessidade de dar atenção às relações parento-filiais em contextos escolares e socioeconómicos desfavorecidos.
Programa de extensão TEIA/UFV: formação universitária para uma ecologia de saberes
Authors: Santos Marcelo Loures dos , Barbosa Willer Araújo , Kölln Manuelli
Published: January 2014

A presente pesquisa analisou as contribuições do programa extensionista TEIA/UFV na formação de seus bolsistas, tendo como referência a proposta de Boaventura de Sousa Santos para a universidade do século XXI. Esse autor analisa a necessidade de se enfrentar o tradicional distanciamento entre a universidade e a sociedade, fortalecendo os pressupostos da Ecologia de Saberes. Foram realizadas entrevistas sobre as principais concepções compartilhadas por bolsistas quanto à sua participação e formação no TEIA e às quatro áreas de ação propostas para a construção dessa universidade: acesso universitário; extensão universitária; pesquisa-ação; e ecologia de saberes. Conclui-se que o Programa TEIA vem contribuindo para uma reforma democrática da universidade e das relações de desigualdade inerentes a ela na formação de seus integrantes, sendo essa formação percebida pelos bolsistas como um diferencial transformador, preparandoos para agir e refletir criticamente diante dos problemas sociais com os quais estão envolvidos.
A relação entre estudantes e pobreza na Caixa do Estudante Pobre Edelweiss Barcellos da Universidade de Minas Gerais (1932-1935)
Authors: Christófaro Alice da Conceição , Abreu Junior Laerthe de Morais
Published: January 2014

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o discurso sobre a pobreza dos estudantes dos cursos superiores da Universidade de Minas Gerais que solicitaram auxílio da Caixa do Estudante Pobre Edelweiss Barcellos (CEPEB) no recorte de 1932 a 1935, destacando as relações de poder e a produção de enunciados que buscavam o convencimento dos sujeitos envolvidos no aval dos pedidos e os jogos e efeitos de verdade para conquistar essa ajuda. A escolha para a análise desse tema está relacionada com a perspectiva foucaultiana sobre o discurso e a produção dos efeitos de verdade. Os enunciados que compõem esses documentos da CEPEB apontaram para a existência de uma formação discursiva sobre a pobreza dos estudantes, que vai além das carências materiais. Eram estabelecidas relações entre esses estudantes e a sociedade em geral, em que aconteciam manifestações de amizade, dependência e auxílio.
A dor no cotidiano de cuidadores e crianças com anemia falciforme
Authors: Dias Tatiane Lebre , Oliveira Christyne Gomes Toledo de , Enumo Sônia Regina Fiorim , Paula Kely Maria Pereira de
Published: January 2014

As crises de dor crônica ou aguda, de diferente intensidade e recorrência imprevisível, são um dos sintomas mais frequentes na Anemia Falciforme (AF) e tendem a afetar a qualidade de vida dos portadores da doença. Este estudo procurou descrever e comparar a percepção do episódio doloroso da AF entre crianças e seus cuidadores. Participaram 27 pares de cuidador-criança, sendo 11 pares formados por crianças atendidas no Ambulatório de Pediatria do Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes de Vitória/ES e 16 pares compostos por crianças que frequentavam o Hemocentro de Cuiabá/MT. Os resultados revelaram diferença na percepção de cuidador e criança sobre a caracterização da dor no que se refere ao tipo e à intensidade. As crises de dor interferem, sobretudo, nas atividades do cotidiano. A estratégia de enfrentamento mais utilizada por ambos os grupos centrou-se em pensamentos que envolveram os aspectos negativos da experiência indesejada, o que indica a necessidade de intervenção psicológica com esta população
Ainda vale a pena legislar: a atuação dos agenda holders no Congresso brasileiro
Authors: Silva Rafael Silveira e , Araújo Suely Mara Vaz Guimarães de
Published: January 2014

O artigo analisa a estratégia de atuação de parlamentares que se dedicam e se destacam na articulação política na arena de produção de leis, denominados agenda holders. O objetivo é apresentar os marcos analíticos e o delineamento desse conceito no âmbito dos Estudos Legislativos e propor estratégias metodológicas para a observação e análise desses agentes políticos no Congresso Nacional. Foram empregadas três abordagens diferenciadas, cada qual formulada no sentido de selecionar casos em que os parlamentares foram protagonistas nos processos legislativos. Analisaram-se vários exemplos, entre os anos 2007 e 2011, que envolveram o fenômeno da apropriação da agenda do poder Legislativo, os processos legislativos realizados por meio das comissões especiais na Câmara dos Deputados e a participação dos relatores na tramitação das medidas provisórias. Tais abordagens metodológicas foram bem sucedidas, resultando em interessantes observações acerca dos requisitos compartilhados para a atuação do parlamentar como agenda holder, tais como sua experiência pregressa e possíveis especializações, a seniority no Congresso e sua capacidade de negociação. As análises também permitiram observar uma ligação consistente entre assumir a condição de agenda holder e sobrevivência política, bem como as diferenças de atuação entre deputados e senadores. Ademais, foi possível verificar a existência de parlamentares que podem assumir, de acordo com algumas circunstâncias, o papel de anti-agenda holders. Compreende-se que estudos sobre o comportamento dos agenda holders podem enriquecer as análises que abordam as ações do poder Legislativo, enfatizando, ainda, a necessidade de uma visão mais apurada sobre a dinâmica da relação entre o Congresso e o poder Executivo. Além disso, explora-se por outro prisma a construção de carreiras políticas, inserindo grau de relevância nas ações dos parlamentares no processo legislativo, a despeito de todas as dificuldades e limitações. Desse modo, também se resgata o lugar dos parlamentares na moldagem da agenda legislativa em senso estrito e na atividade primária de formulação das leis.
Regional integration and Brazilian Foreign Policy: Strategies in the South American space
Authors: Pecequilo Cristina Soreanu , Carmo Corival Alves do
Published: January 2014

The aim of the article is to present, based on theoretical studies of integration, the evolution of this process in Latin America and, most recently, in South America. Based on these studies, the goal is to analyze the role played by Brazil in the process, which defines as priorities of its foreign policy a regional and global framework for its international action that is based on both cooperation and power projection.The research has been conducted based on theories of integration, an historical background on Latin American integration and in Brazilian foreign policy, through its contemporary agenda. The answer was based on a comparative agenda and in a bibliographical critical analysis of the research material.The main findings of the paper point out that Latin American integration has specific features linked to the economic, political and stragetic realities of the continent that show the limitations of some theories applied to the European process, also that it depends on Brazilian foreign policy actions, that still sees the region as instrumental to its interests. So, Brazil sometimes fail to fulfill some requisites of integration that are essential to sustain its projects. Therefore, there is a cycle of enlargement and deepening of regional integration process in this political space that point out to the need of a more sustained compromise of Brazilian foreign policy towards these projects. If Brazil continues not to sustain these projects, they will lose momentum and significance once more, increasing power asymmetries in the region.
O controle dos países do G-7 sobre o recrutamento dos burocratas do FMI: o elo perdido das reformas
Authors: Guimarães Feliciano de Sá
Published: January 2014

O objetivo geral deste artigo é demonstrar como os países do G-7, em especial os Estados Unidos, controlam o processo de recrutamento da alta e média burocracia do FMI. O objetivo específico é discutir as implicações desse controle no debate das reformas do FMI. Demostramos como esse controle opera no Comitê Sênior de Revisão de contratação dos economistas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com base em entrevistas e documentos oficiais. Sustenta-se haver um favorecimento de economistas alinhados com a a visão e interesses dos países do G-7, em especial dos Estados Unidos, dado o número reduzido de escolas de economia, majoritariamente estadunideneses, das quais os quadros são oriundos. Os resultados demonstram que um debate restrito às reformas das cotas de representação no Conselho Executivo, demanda constante do Brasil, não é suficiente para alcançar-se uma organização mais representativa e legítima perante a comunidade internacional. Argumenta-se que é preciso reformar as regras do processo de recrutamento dos economistas que favorece economistas formados em algumas poucas escolas de economia nos Estados Unidos e Europa.
Seguridad pública y neoconservadurismo en la Argentina neoliberal: La construcción social de la "inseguridad" durante los años noventa: "combate a la delincuencia", "tolerancia cero" y "mano dura"
Authors: Cerruti Pedro
Published: January 2014

En el presente trabajo se indaga el modo en que se construyó a la "inseguridad" en un problema público-político durante la segunda mitad de la década de los noventa como una modalidad de representación en términos delictivos y de gestión policíaca de la conflictividad y la inseguridad social. Se parte de la hipótesis de que dicha construcción formó parte de un proceso de transformación de la sociedad argentina asociado con la reforma neoliberal del Estado. Para demostrarlo, brevemente se sitúan, como antecedentes inmediatos al período de análisis, algunas de las principales consecuencias sociales de la reforma neoliberal iniciada durante la última dictadura cívico-militar (1976-1983) y se destaca al período hiperinflacionario (1989-1990) como el momento en el que emergen los discursos sobre la "inseguridad". Luego, se analiza en detalle el modo en que durante la década de los noventa la "inseguridad" se conformó como una de las principales preocupaciones de la opinión pública, uno de los temas decisivos en las disputas políticas y se introdujo como eje prioritario en la agenda de gobierno del presidente Carlos Menem a través de una campaña mediático-política de "combate a la delincuencia" ordenada en los términos de la "mano dura" y la "tolerancia cero". A través de dicha indagación, se argumenta que la "inseguridad" constituyó el vórtice de una matriz discursiva que legitimó un paradigma neoconservador de gestión de las consecuencias sociales de la reestructuración económica neoliberal y operó como un mecanismo reproductor de la exclusión social.