bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEKERJA ANAK DI SURAKARTA MASA KOLONIAL: DARI PEKERJA KELUARGA MENJADI PEKERJA UPAH
Authors: Darmarastri Hayu Adi
Published: January 2018

This article aims to explain about the alteration of the child labour which originally served as a family worker and later became a wage worker at the Surakarta’s during the colonial period. Children in Javanese rural community have been taught since an early age to help their parents, by doing house chores as well as work in the field. Those lessons transform child to be a family worker who helps their parent’s work without receiving any money. The position changed with the arrival of foreign capital who rented land in the Surakarta region to be used to grow cash crops that were sold in the world market, such as coffee, sugar cane and tobacco. Along with many plantations opened, more workers were needed. The limited number of existing workers is an entry point for women and children to work as wage workers in Surakarta’s plantations, one of which is the tobacco plantation.
MEMBINCANGKAN OTORITERIANISME: KAUSA KEGAGALAN NEGARA-NEGARA DUNIA KETIGA
Authors: Sulistiyawan Andrik
Published: January 2018

Isu tentang otoriterianisme dan pembangunan ekonomi seperti yang diangkat oleh Daron Acemoglu dan James A. Robinson itu dapat disebut sebagai isu lama yang masih saja mengundang rasa penasaran dalam ranah ekonomi-politik. Julia Gallagher dan Lawrence Sáez (2009) dalam studinya bahkan telah lebih dahulu menyimpulkan bahwa keterkaitan antara otoritarianisme dan pembangunan di negara-negara Dunia Ketiga itu tidaklah kuat. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa sebenarnya otoritarianisme tidak bisa dijadikan sebagai satu-satunya faktor determinan atas kegagalan-kegagalan yang terjadi di negara-negara Dunia Ketiga. Pada sebagian negara Dunia Ketiga, seperti di kawasan Afrika misalnya, tingkat perekonomian tampak masih tetap rendah baik pada rezim otoriter maupun pada rezim yang demokratis
Las obligaciones de los institutos electorales en materia de transparencia y acceso a la información gubernamental
Authors: González Jordan María Guadalupe
Published: January 2018

Con el propósito de conocer la manera en que la transparencia se ha posicionado en el ámbito electoral, dado que es una herramienta pública que contribuye a la consolidación del sistema democrático en México, se analizan las doctrinas de algunos pensadores clásicos y contemporáneos que ayudan a entender cómo ha sido el proceso evolutivo de esta figura hasta hoy. Asimismo, se aportan elementos teóricos y jurídicos, mediante la aplicación del método histórico lógico, con el fin de analizar el desarrollo de la transparencia gubernamental y su implementación en los organismos públicos electorales mexicanos, a través del tiempo.

El objetivo es determinar la forma en que se pueden mejorar los canales de comunicación con la población, pues uno de los principales problemas que obstaculiza el desarrollo de la transparencia es que la ciudadanía no tiene la cultura de requerir solicitar información a la autoridad;, es decir, solo sólo se allega de de éesta a través de la especulación o con base eny se basa en diferentes fuentes de información sin acudir a la fuente primaria, que es la propia autoridad. 

 

 

 
Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on open tibial fractures in rabbits after transient seawater immersion
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, The 105th Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, P.R. China, Chen Xiaosong , Ma Wuxiu , Chen Congcong
Published: January 2018

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy of open tibial fractures in rabbits after transient seawater immersion. Methods: Forty-eight (48) New Zealand rabbits were randomly and averagely divided into an HBO2 therapy group (Group A) and a control group (Group B). All rabbits were subjected to unilateral open tibial fractures, while immersed in artificial seawater (20-22 °C) for three hours prior to debridement and external fixation. Group A was treated with HBO2 at 2 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 50 minutes once daily for two weeks; Group B received postoperative routine treatments only. The fracture zone in each group was compared by radiological, histological and immunohistochemical examinations. Results: In Group A, bony callus and mature osteocytes without infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in the fracture zone. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of osteoblasts, chondrocytes and osteocytes, and exhibited significant changes at different time points. The gray value of bony callus in Group A was 190.58 ± 7.52; that of Group B was 144 ± 8.11. Difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.01). The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in Group A was significantly lower than Group B (P<0.01), and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Group A was higher than Group B (P<0.01) at four weeks. There were no significant differences in MDA content and SOD activity between groups at eight and 12 weeks. Conclusions: HBO2 treatment of open tibial fractures in seawater can reduce the inflammatory reaction and reperfusion injury, and promote osteocytic proliferation and fracture healing.
Dialogisk lesing som metode i barnehagen for å styrke barns språkferdigheter på andrespråket
Authors: Hofslundsengen Hilde , Bøyum Sigrid , Haukedal Kjersti Sandnes
Published: January 2018

Hensikten med studien var å undersøke hvordan en 10-ukers intervensjon (totalt 40 økter) med dialogisk lesing ville påvirke flerspråklige barnas andrespråkslæring. Utvalget bestod av 72 flerspråklige barnehagebarn (gjennomsnittsalder 5,3 år; 39 jenter og 33 gutter) fra 16 norske barnehager. Barnehagene ble tilfeldig fordelt til intervensjon med dialogisk lesing eller kontrollintervensjon med matematikk. Resultatene viste at intervensjonen med dialogisk lesing hadde signifikant effekt post-test på grammatiske ferdigheter sammenlignet med kontrollgruppen, men ikke signifikant effekt på vokabular, fonologisk bevissthet eller narrative språkferdigheter. Resultatene tyder på at dialogisk lesing kan være en særlig effektiv metode for å utvikle grammatiske ferdigheter i andrespråket.
English abstract
Dialogic Reading as a Means of Strengthening Children's Second Language Competence in Preschool
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a 10-week long intervention (40 sessions) with dialogic reading on children’s second language skills. The study included 72 bilingual children (mean age 5.3 years; 39 girls and 33 boys) from 16 preschools. The preschools were randomly assigned as intervention or control group. The result showed that intervention had significant effect on grammatical knowledge compared with the control group. No significant post-test differences were found between the intervention and the control group on vocabulary knowledge, phonological awareness or narrative skills. The findings suggest that dialogic reading could be particularly effective to enhance the bilingual children’s second language grammatical knowledge.
Approach of assessment the priority of supply logistics sub-processes improvement
Authors: Dimitrov Ivan , Dimitrova Adile , Yangyozov Petko
Published: January 2018

The aim of this research paper is to present an approach of assessment the priorities for improvements of each supply logistics sub-process in the organization. The ways of comparison of targets sub-processes and their corresponding real sub-processes are explained. Algorithm for calculating of priority of supply logistics sub-process improvement is reviewed. It includes calculating of vector that describes the necessity of sub-process improvement in each measurement as well as determining of aggregate coefficient that represents the need for each supply logistics sub-process optimization in all its measurements.
The influence of intellectual capital on competitiveness of enterprises in light of research – an outline of the issue
Authors: Ślusarczyk Bogusław , Dziura Bernadetta
Published: January 2018

A good financial situation of the companies involved in the survey is  closely connected with intellectual capital, especially human capital and innovative capital. Thanks to  new technologies, products, certificates and patents which are vital elements of  innovative capital, companies can compete and stand out in the world of business. However, those components can be created only thanks to experienced, creative and well-educated staff.  Podkarpackie Province has become more and more attractive in terms of economy. It is possible thanks to the entrepreneurs’ involvement, economic zones which attract new companies as well as clusters operating in the area – for instance “Dolina Lotnicza” Cluster or Computer Cluster . The research carried out among 400 respondents from various companies, selected intellectual capital indicators and the analysis of economic and financial indicators – mainly profitability- confirm that the companies in the area consequently raise their value by means of a continuous development and by reinforcing their intellectual and creative potential. As a result their competitiveness and market share increase. The results of the research mentioned in the article provide information concerning the extent of intellectual capital in selected enterprises and its influence on competitiveness of companies. The attempt to evaluate the extent of intellectual capital and its influence on competitiveness, explains the issue of non-tangible assets which closely connected with businesses. The analyses of the data presented in the article touched only some of the issues concerning the influence of intellectual capital on companies’ competitiveness. However, it is already clear that in the future the value of the companies and their development will be largely influenced by properly exploited  intellectual capital which every company has.
A Digitális Egységes Piaci Stratégia szerződési jogi hatásai a magyar polgári jogra
Authors: Árva Máté
Published: January 2018

The necessity of framing contract law fulfilling the expectations of the digital era is among the main purposes of the Digital Single Market Strategy, that has been introduced by the European Committe in 2015. Within the Strategy two directive proposals have been presented: the directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain aspects concerning contracts for the supply of digital content and the directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on certain aspects concerning contracts for the online and other distance sales of goods. These include the concept of conformity with the contract, the meaning of which raises several questions to be answered regarding the Hungarian legal system.

My treatise focuses on the investigation of the criteria of conformity with the contract with special regard to the definiton of the directive proposals. In the first place I outline the elements of conformity with the contract, then I attempt to create a comprehensive definition of it. Thereafter I analyse the rules of the Hungarian Civil Code that are connected to the category of the conformity. Furthermore, I investigate the necessity of the integration of the conformity with the contract into the the Hungarian civil law. Finally, I present a future legislative concept that could be regarded as a possible way of adaptation of this legal category.
Proposal and Evaluation of Pavement Deterioration Prediction Method by Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Okuda Tomoyuki , Suzuki Kouyu , Kohtake Naohiko
Published: January 2018

The pavement deterioration prediction model is a basic module of the PMS (Pavement Management System), and its prediction results influence the decision making of pavement administrators. Hence, it is very important to improve prediction accuracy. There is a rutting depth as a major indicator showing the state of pavement used in PMS. In this research, we propose a method to predict rutting depth by introducing a technique to improve prediction accuracy by suppressing over-fitting by dropout and gradient clipping in the recently rapidly developing NN (Neural Network) model. In addition, since pavement survey data are time series data that were inspected at the same place multiple times, we applied the RNN (Recurrent Neural Network) model which can model time series data. The proposed method was applied to rutting depth prediction of periodic survey data of Kawasaki city in Japan from 1987 to 2016. In order to compare prediction accuracy, we predicted three years later using proposed method and MLR (Multiple Linear Regression) which is a typical regression model and MLP (Multi-Layer Perceptron) which is most frequently used among NN models. The RMSE and correlation coefficient R between the prediction result and the measured value were compared. We validated that the prediction ability of RNN is the highest.
A Survey of Lending Relationship Between SMEs and Banks
Authors: Yilmaz Ayse Altiok
Published: January 2018

The aim of this study is to examine the lending relationships between banks and SMEs. Numerous authors have investigated the importance of banking relationships in lending to small businesses. A major issue is the relative difficulty in obtaining meaningful information and accurately assessing the credit worthiness of such borrowers. For this reason, many authors have examined the influence of this relationship on various aspects of line of credits made in different countries but up to date no studies has been conducted in lending relationship of SMEs with banks in Turkey. This may be because of the data insufficiency of SMEs. This research aims to fill that gap by looking at the determinants of SME lending conditions by using the survey results of SMEs.The factors that affect the dependent variables (the  interest rate and the credit line volume) is tested by  using the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis. The data is obtained by the questionnaires conducted by 204 SMEs. The results for credit interest rate reveals that age, financial distress, duration of relationship, recent ownership change and location significantly affect the interest rate given by the most actively worked bank. The  empirical results suggest that close and long-lasting relationship is desirable for firms. Firms with long-lasting bank relationships fare better than other enterprises in terms of interest rates, and credit availability.
Financial Planning In Entrepreneurship Business in Nigeria: Is It So Important?
Authors: Udih Money
Published: January 2018

Every business organisation need to make the best out of their operations, regardless of their current financial position.  Financial planning is not only for the wealthy business organisation, but also in life, it is for every business enterprise.  An entrepreneurship business without financial planning is not without problems/challenges in the nearest future.  This study seeks to capture and highlight the financial planning tools in entrepreneurship Business in Nigeria.  It focused on what Entrepreneurship Business is all about ‘cum’ the nature of planning, the reason for financial planning and its concepts in Entrepreneurship Business.  It spells out the importance of financial planning in business.  The methodology gives a clear picture on the systematic procedures and methods employed in carrying out this study.  Data are presented, analysed and interpreted with the aid of mean, standard error of proportion and Z – statistic.  The study is not without findings and recommendations; the findings and recommendations are based on the study.  We also suggested areas for further studies, which will be of great benefit to entrepreneurs in Nigeria cum financial homes.
Preparation and Solvents Effect Study of Asymmetric Cellulose Acetated/Polyethyleneimine Blended Membranes for Dialysis Application
Authors: Waheed Hizba , Hussain Arshad
Published: January 2018

The aim of this research is to study the effect of various solvents on membrane morphology and performance of cellulose acetate (CA) based polymeric membranes having Polyetyleneimine (PEI) additive. The CA/PEI blended membranes are to be used for dialysis operation. For this purpose, acetic acid, formic acid, 1-Methyl-2-pyrolidone (NMP) and N, N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) are used. The best performing membrane is selected and is modified using various solvents to choose the best solvent that can enhance the membrane performance efficiently. Afterwards contact angle measurement, pure water flux and water up take of modified membranes are determined to check the change in dialysis performance. Surface morphology of membrane is studied using SEM and AFM. All these results displayed blending of polymer, solvents and additive in different ways. All prepared membranes were also tested for bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection and urea clearance. From all the solvents used, formic acid gave the best results. The blending is homogeneous and macro void formation is appropriate for dialysis application.  The replacement of acetic acid with formic acid (C.A+ F.A+PEI) showed hydrophilic nature and increased the BSA rejection percentage. Urea clearance was augmented as well to an appreciable value. The results revealed that from all the mentioned above solvents, formic acid is most suitable one for dialysis operation.
Molecular Confirmation on the Synonymy of Phaeanthusebracteolatusand P Ophthalmicusincluding Biological Activities of Its Phytochemical Constituent
Authors: Bangcaya Porferio S. , Bordeos Kristelle Marais A. , Concico Cyril S. , Alejandro Grecebio Jonathan D.
Published: January 2018

The genus Phaeanthus Hook.f and Thomson of the family Annonaceae is a medicinal plant essentially characterized by inner petals that are longer than outer petals, numerous carpels and stamens, and monocarpous fruits. Previous studies have recognized Phaeanthus ebracteolatus as a synonym of P. ophthalmicus based on the morphological examination of limited herbarium specimens. In order to determine the validity of the finding, this study aims to verify the synonymy of P. ebracteolatusand P. ophthalmicus using combined matK and rbcL dataset, as well as computing its sequence divergence; and, to further explore the phytochemical and biochemical components of the plant.Collected plant samples were subjected to morphological characterization followed by molecular analysis through DNA extraction, amplification, purification, sequencing, sequence analysis and data analysis. The crude leaf extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening by thin layer chromatography and three colorimetric assays such as α-glucosidase inhibition, anti-tyrosinase and anti-Staphylococcus. This study confirms that the two Phaeanthus species are conspecific using combined matK and rbcL dataset which is strongly supported and computed sequence divergence which includes 5 bp (0.81%) and 3 bp (0.41%) in matK and rbcL regions, respectively. Overlapping morphological characters such as axillary inflorescence, valvate inner and outer petals, truncate stamens, club-shaped carpels, and globose monocarps also support the finding. The crude leaf extract yields positive to different antioxidant constituents and demonstrated a high potency in α-glucosidase inhibition. The study validated the synonymy of P. ebracteolatus and P. ophthalmicus using sequences and morphology, with P. ophthalmicus being acknowledged as its correct name. Furthermore, the plant extracts proved to be efficient as an α-glucosidase inhibitor.
Comparative Content of Harmful Substances Contained In the Raw Material for Various Types of Printing Ink
Authors: Othman Norazli , Lerk Liaw Lerk , Chelliapan Shreeshivadasan , Mohammad Roslina
Published: January 2018

Printing ink is one of the chemical industry that can be considered as a high risk industry due to it is a manufacture industry that involved all kinds of chemical materials. Thus, reliability data is important for the environmental safety in chemical industries. This study aims to compare the hazardous substances in raw materials for various printing ink production and propose the control measures in the ink production process. Three types of printing ink raw material i.e sheet-fed ink, cold-set ink and heat-set ink were considered in this study. This study was conducted by using a quantitative approaches. Data were collected through Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Hazardous substances were identified from the Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) registry number of the raw materials. The result of the study shown that there are eight hazardous chemical substances in sheet-fed ink, cold-set ink and heat-set ink. The hazardous raw materials identified are mainly from the category of pigment, solvents and additives. From the study of the three types of ink printing, sheet-fed inks contain harmful chemicals that are the lowest of 33.27%, followed by thermal ink-set of 41.73% and cold-set inks of 61.86%. The results also shown that solvents are identified to contribute highest percentage as hazardous chemical substances in the printing ink, followed by additives and pigment. The results of the research shown that the production workers in the printing ink production process are at highly exposed to the hazards. The hierarchy of hazard control based on Department Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) are proposed to control the hazardous chemical substances. The recommended control measures of possible hazards and risks based on the work activities are elimination, engineering control, administration control and personal protective equipment. This research is very important as it will enhance the precautions and safety knowledge of the employer and employee in handling the chemical substances in the printing ink production process.
Profitability Analysis of Fresh Tomato Retail Marketing In Some Major Markets Of Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Umar Umar Shehu , Yaro Abdu Muhammad
Published: January 2018

Small scale farmers in Nigeria can’t do without tomato production because of its special attributes and quick cash generation as tomato is being viewed as cash crop, despites it perishable and none storable nature. The study examined the profitability of fresh tomato retail marketing in major markets of Kano State. A total of 149 respondents were randomly selected from the four market sites selected purposively due to the high concentration of continuous retail marketing throughout the year, the market sites are; Tarauni, ‘Yan Kaba, Garin Dau and Wudil Market. Information was collected using structured questionnaire. Deconstructed marketing margin was used for the analysis, the results revealed the marketing margin to be N452.6 and –N374.5 per basket at the peak and the off season respectively. Transportation cost accounts for about 35% and 40% of the total marketing cost for on and off season respectively.  The study concluded that the retail marketing of fresh tomato is generally profitable and recommends that fresh tomato retail marketers should imbibe the idea of collective purchase in order to minimize transportation cost for maximum profit, it further recommends agricultural scientists to find ways of reducing postharvest losses at all levels of marketing so as to make the price of the commodity relatively stable throughout the year to ensure sustainability in the business.
Evolution in Prebiotic Systems: Cooperation In Utility-Based Agents
Authors: Serafino Loris
Published: January 2018

Prebiotic evolution is one of the major challenges in complex systems theory. What differentiates the living from the nonliving is a perennial source of debate. It has been recently affirmed that discussions about if and how we can draw a line that separates life from non-life are useless. He motivates this using a "continuity thesis" (CT) argument i.e the existence of a continuum between inanimate and living state of matter. For other authors CT it is equivalent to say that there is no unbridgeable gap between inorganic matter and living systems, plus the corollary that the emergence of life is considered a highly probable event. This is related to the problem of how the minimal complexity required for a chemical system to start on the path of Darwinian evolution has been achieved. The CT from one side, and a trend towards an increasing complexity on the other, seems to require the existence of a constant driving force behind abiogenesis for two distinct reasons: a) to counterbalance destructive tendencies like hydrolysis in the evolving chemical structures and b) reduce the role played by chance to a minimum acceptable for a scientific discourse. In this work, I present a brief review of what has been considered the main driving forces behind prebiotic evolution i.e. self-organization of far-from-equilibrium open systems and (generalized) Darwinian evolutionary mechanism.  I argue that, in order to explain the robustness and sustainability of complex systems not yet fully capable of Darwinian evolution a third element must be added: cooperation between molecular autonomous agents properly defined. In this work, I propose a general theoretical result to show how cooperation formation between a population molecular utility-based agents can give rise to self-sustaining networks.
Technological Advancement in Mapping of Heritage by Using GIS (Mapping of Heritage: Preservation for the Future)
Authors: Sherwani Rummana Khan
Published: January 2018

Lahore the historic city is expanding day by day. The urban expansion affected the heritage boundaries, results into shrinking and deteriorating the precious structures. The study aims to map the historic sites by looking into it the impacts of urban development through boundary delineation process. The pictorial journey elaborates how the precious heritage are being packed into haphazard containers of irregular boundaries, which vanished the beautiful impacts of Mughal gardens around the historic structures helplessly standing there to feel pity in them. In order to improve the effectiveness of preservation strategies the role of new digital technologies such as GIS has played their vital role in the building conservation strategies. This paper presents the results of a research developed as part of the research project conducted by the researcher in college of Art and Design, School of Architecture, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. The aims of the study were to explore the implementation of GIS as a conservational specialist in the field of conservational management, to deal the various aspects facing while managing the Mughal sites widely spreading the study area in the 3-D environment and using the GIS analytical tools to determine the urban development impacts on historic buildings. This study fills the gap between the CAD and three dimensional environment and integrating GIS from scanned images of heritage sites or photogrammetric data to the library of parametric architectural objects of the historic buildings and represent in the form of overlay layers. A framework of modeling, 3D geometry, topology, semantic, appearance properties, efficient management and analysis of the relevant data to the heritage sites are used in the research.
Enhancing Teaching and Learning at the University of Venda Utilising Digital Mobile Devices
Authors: Chikurunhe Ratchel , Kadyamatimba Armstrong
Published: January 2018

The University of Venda(Univen) distributed tablets to students for facilitating and enhancing their studies. However, the provision of tablet PCs to students may not be a panacea for quality learning, especially to technological disadvantaged rural student  population. The aim of study was to investigate the use of digital mobile devices for enhancing teaching and learning at the Univen. The research questions focused on determining the current level of use of mobile devices, how they can be used effectively for teaching and learning. Mixed methods approach was applied with data being solicited from a convenient sample of students, lecturers and an IT technician. The results of the study indicated that many students and lecturers are active and have higher perceptions of mobile devices usage. The results of the study are to be used to explicate and advance the integration of the mobile devices for promoting learning and teaching accomplishments. The findings clearly showed that mobile devices have a positive impact on the academic experience. The results also indicate that there is a gradual acceptance of the Learners Management Systems (Blackboard) by both academics and students. The digital mobile devices are eventually enhancing teaching and learning at Univen.
La calidad de vida en el trabajo y el ausentismo como indicadores de resultado de gestión hospitalaria
Authors: Ferreira Junior Roberto Rodney , Porto Adelino Paulo
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar los indicadores de la calidad de vida en el trabajo y el absentismo como los indicadores de desempeño de gestión hospitalaria. Para ello se realizó una revisión de la literatura, una encuesta de 52 textos relacionados con la calidad de vida en el trabajo, el ausentismo y la dirección del hospital. El análisis resultante de los textos cubiertos han puesto de relieve que, en el contexto de la gestión de los hospitales, especialmente las organizaciones orientadas a la responsabilidad social, que se ocupa de los problemas relacionados con la calidad de vida en el trabajo y el ausentismo, identificando sus causas y su correcciones, a través de un programa de gestión de despacho de los trabajadores, sobre la base de la administración rigurosa y periódica y la promoción de la salud de los trabajadores, la evaluación de todos los certificados de control aparte, diarias. Con este fin, la evidencia de algunos indicadores para la gestión del programa a distancia, teniendo en cuenta: el monitoreo diario de los certificados, la historia laboral de cada indicador absentismo laboral por meses / años, el absentismo total por sector / CIE / mes / año, señalando que tales indicadores son sugerencias del Sub Comité de la Asociación Médica Internacional, que refleja de inmediato la importancia de la calidad de las evaluaciones de la vida en el trabajo y el absentismo como indicadores de desempeño de gestión hospital.
Efecto económico de la actividad turística en la provincia de Tungurahua. Ecuador
Authors: Santamaria Edwin Javier , Bayas Vásconez Fabián Mauricio
Published: January 2018

Este trabajo busca medir la actividad turística a partir de los beneficios económicos; entre los principales están la reducción de la pobreza, la generación de empleo y la distribución de los ingresos. Sin embargo, existen pocos datos al respecto a nivel local, por lo cual se ha planteado bajo el enfoque cuantitativo y del método de análisis y síntesis, a través de encuesta a los empresarios dedicados a la actividad turística sobre los ingresos, dependientes económicos, variaciones de temporada, para ser utilizados bajo la distribución del ingreso del modelo de Curva de Lorenz, complementado con el Coeficiente de Gini. De esto se obtuvo que existe una mejor distribución del ingreso en el sector turístico de la Zona Consolidada de Tungurahua con un Coeficiente de Gini de 0.403 menor que el coeficiente del Ecuador. Además, se observó que los ingresos anuales superan los 21 millones de dólares, de lo cual se concluye que el beneficio económico del turismo produce distribución e igualdad entre los habitantes de una zona geográfica, pues permite la equiparación de oportunidades. Se indica que impulsar el turismo como fuente de empleo, desarrollo yemprendimiento incrementará el nivel de vida de los habitantes.
the impact of packaging transparency on product attractiveness
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Sabo Barbara , Bečica Tina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Keleš Nikolina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Kovačević Dorotea ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Brozović Maja ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: January 2018

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of different levels of pack-aging transparency on the evaluation of attractiveness of a product within the packaging, in relation to whether it is a healthy or unhealthy product. Consumer preferences during buying decision process were also investi-gated. The study was conducted by two methods. The first one was related to consumer preferences and was based on a choice task, while the other one was related to packaging attractiveness and was based on subjective evaluation expressed through the Likert scale. Eight samples of packaging were used. They differed according to product type (healthy and unhealthy), and the level of transparency (fully transparent packaging, packaging with two windows, packaging with one window and non-transparent packaging). According to the results, consumers tend to ignore non-transparent packaging, regardless the product healthiness. The findings indicate the importance of thoughtful selection of packaging structure and its material in design process and launching the food products on the retail market.
optimization of image screen printing process on filmbiodegradable packaging
Authors:   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Faculty of Publishing, Printing and Information Technologies, Lviv, Ukraine, Korotka Viktoriya , Havenko Svitlana ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Faculty of Publishing, Printing and Information Technologies, Lviv, Ukraine, Bazylyuk Kseniya ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Faculty of Publishing, Printing and Information Technologies, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: January 2018

The article presents the research results of screen printing technological parameters to produce high-quality images on oxo-biodegradable film packaging. Printing parameters that influence the ink layer resistance to abrasion and the image resolution the most significantly have been set, analysing the experimental data. A direct linear correlation between the ink layer resistance to abrasion and the size of a technological clearance as well as between the image resolution and the lineature of a screen printing plate mesh has been shown. As a result of the study, mathematical models have been designed and the optimization of screen printing parameters has been made, providing high quality imprints with image high resolution, the ink layer of which is the most resistant to abrasion
Solvents interactions with thermochromic print
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Rožić Mirela , Vukoje Marina ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Kapović Dominik ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia, Marošević Livia ,   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Graphic Arts, Zagreb, Croatia
Published: January 2018

In this study, the interactions between different solvents (benzene, acetone, cyclohexanone, various alcohols and water) and thermochromic printing ink were investigated. Thermochromic printing ink was printed on metal surface. Components of thermochromic printing inks are polymeric microcapsules and classic yellow offset printing ink. Below its activation temperature, dye and developer within the microcapsules form a blue coloured complex. Therefore, thermochromic print is green. By heating above the activation temperature, blue colour of the complex turns into the leuco dye colourless state and the green colour of the prints turns into the yellow colour of the classic offset pigment. The results of the interaction with various solvents show that the thermochromic print is stable in all tested solvents except in ethanol, acetone and cyclohexanone. In ethanol, the green colour of the print becomes yellow. SEM analysis shows that microcapsules are dissolved. In acetone and cyclohexanone, the green colour of the print turns into blue, and the microcapsules become significantly more visible. Thus, the yellow pigment interacts with examined ketones. Based on the obtained interactions it can be concluded that the microcapsules have more polar nature than the classical pigment particles. Solvent-thermocromic print interactions were analysed using Hansen solubility parameters that rank the solvents based on their estimated interaction capabilities.
Use of conjoint analysis to determine the impact of logotype colour, and the type, duration and price of a street performance on consumer purchase decisions
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Piko Maja , Toros Jani ,   Innovative Management Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Elesini Urška Stankovič ,   University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: January 2018

The aim of our research was to determine how colour impacts the effectiveness of a logotype for a particular activity and which colour used is strong, stable, associative and “playful”, and thus the most appropriate for presenting a selected activity. For the purpose of this research, a logotype for a circus artist was designed using four colour variations, while conjoint analysis was used to identify the colour preference of a specific logotype. Besides colour, three additional attributes were chosen: the type, duration and price of a performance. Three or four levels were specified for every attribute. The results of the survey showed that colour is the not the most important of the four attributes, but that it does have a certain effect on a customer’s decision. In the analysis, most respondents choose the red logotype, an outdoor performance, and the longest duration and the lowest price of a performance. The most important of the four attributes for respondents was the price of a performance, followed by the duration of a performance, the content/type of a performance and finally the colour of the associated logotype. The preference of respondents was improved by testing combinations of the four attributes and levels, where the colour blue was replaced with red. The research opens possibilities for further research regarding the impact of colours on subconscious decisions.
Performance evaluation of paper embossing tools produced by fused deposition modelling additive manufacturing technology
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Delić Gordana , Vladić Gojko ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Pál Magdolna ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Banjanin Bojan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia, Dedijer Sandra ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: January 2018

From its beginnings, up to a few years ago, additive manufacturing technology was able to produce models or prototypes which have limited use, because of materials mechanical properties. With advancement and invention of new materials, this is changing. Now, it is possible to create 3D prints that can be used as final products or functional tools, using technology and materials with low environmental impact. The goal of this study was to examine opportunities for production of paper embossing tools by fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. This study emphasises the use of environmentally friendly poly-lactic acid (PLA) materials in FDM technology, contrary to the conventional method using metal alloys and acids. Embossing of line elements and letters using 3D printed embossing tools was done on six different types of paper. Embossing force was applied using SHIMADZU EZ-LX Compact Tabletop Testing Machine. Each type of paper was repeatedly embossed using different values of embossing force (in 250 N increments, starting at 1000 N) to determine the optimal embossing force for each specific paper type. When determined, the optimal embossing force was used on ten samples for each paper type. Results of embossing were analysed and evaluated. The analysis consisted of investigating the effects of the applied embossing force and characteristics such as paper basis weight, paper structure, surface characteristic and fibre direction of the paper. Results show that paper characteristics determine the embossing force required for achieving a good embossing result. This means that with the right amount of embossing force, letters and borderlines can be equally well formed by the embossing process regardless of paper weight, surface characteristics, etc. Embossing tools produced in this manner can be used in case of the embossing elements that are not complex. The reason for this is the limitation of FDM technology and lack of precision needed for fine details. However, if the form is simple enough, results of pleasing quality can easily be achieved.
Mechanism of Vasorelaxation Induced by Coptosapelta flavescens Stems Extract in Rat Thoraric Aorta
Authors: Ismail Sjarif , Kosala Khemasili , Fikriah Ika , Magdaleni Agustina Rahayu
Published: January 2018

Coptosapelta flavescens Korth. is a liana plant from the Rubiaceae family. In East Kalimantan, it is also known as â€œAkar Tambolekarâ€ or â€œMerungâ€, it is called â€œakarâ€ or root as its trunk spreads like a root. The plantâ€™s stems are used by ethnic Dayak in East Kalimantan to overcome high blood pressure and it has been proven to induce vasorelaxation on blood vessels, but the its action mechanism in the endothelial or vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are unknown. Vasorelaxation on the blood vessels could be mediated by endothelial or by the VSMC. This research aims to study in vitro which of them is the mechanism of action of Coptosapelta flavescens Stems (CFS) extract. CFS were taken from the secondary forest in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Its simplicia were macerated with methanol solvent for three days and twice repeated. Vasorelaxation activity of the blood vessels was tested with ratsâ€™ isolated thoracic aorta with endothelial and with the endothelial removed (endothelium-denuded). Both aorta of 3 mm length were soaked into Krebs-Henselheit solution at 37Â°C, pH 7.4 and aerated with carbogen gas. After they have acclimatized, both aortas were contracted with phenylephrine solution, after reaching peak contraction and plateau, the solution of extract or its solvent (Control) was administered in cumulatively increasing doses. The results show that CFS extracts induce vasorelaxation both in the endothelial-intact aorta and in the endothelial-denuded aorta. At high concentrations, the vasorelaxation activity in the endothelial-intact aorta was weaker than that on endothelial-denuded aorta. This study proves that action mechanism of blood vesselsâ€™ vasorelaxation induced by the methanol extract of CFS were more dominantly mediated by the blood vessels smooth muscle; and at high concentrations the endothelial actually weakened the VSMC vasorelaxation activity. Further study is necessary on the mechanism of  action vasorelaxation through the modulation of intracellular or extracellular calcium ion channels of VSMC  

Keywords: Coptosapelta flavescens, vasorelaxation, extract, aorta, in vitro
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Cu2O and Au-Cu2O core-shell particles
Authors: Sai Cong Doanh
Published: January 2018

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and Au-Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the chemical reduction method. The morphology of the synthesized pure Cu2Oparticles can be controlled by varying the amount of reducing agent NH2OH.HCl. Due to their similar crystal structure and relatively small lattice mismatch Cu2O particles are nucleated and locally undergo an epitaxial growth on the surface of the multi-faceted Au seed resulting in a stellated icosahedra Au-Cu2O core-shell particle. The extinction spectrum of Cu2O particles offew hundred-nm in size is dominated by light scattering, while that of the stellated icosahedra Au-Cu2O core-shell particles exhibits the interband absorption of the Cu2O shell only. The interband absorption peak undergoes a blue shift as the shell gets thinner. No prominent SPR of the Au nanocore was observed due to a rather thick Cu2O shell.
Investigation of Magneto-phonon Resonance in Graphene Monolayers
Authors: Hoi Bui Dinh
Published: January 2018

In this work, utilising the linear response theory we calculate the magneto conductivity (MC) in graphene monolayers, subjected to a static perpendicular magnetic field. The interaction of Dirac fermions with optical phonon via deformation potential is taken into account at high temperature. The dependence of the MC on the magnetic field shows resonant peaks that describe transitions of electrons between Landau levels via the resonant scattering with optical phonons. The effect of temperature on the MC is also obtained and discussed.
Calculation of the Ettingshausen coefficient in a Rectangular quantum wire with an infinite potential in the presence of an Electromagnetic wave (the electron - optical phonon interaction )
Authors: Hưng Trần Hải
Published: January 2018

The Ettingshausen coefficient (EC) in  a Rectangular quantum wire with an infinite potential (RQWIP)in the presence of an Electromagnetic wave (EMW) is calculated by using a quantum kinetic equation for electrons. Considering the case of the electron - optical phonon interaction, we have found the expressions of the kinetic tensors . From the kinetic tensors, we have also obtained the analytical expression of the EC in the RQWIP in the presence of EMW as function of the frequency and the intensity of the EMW, of the temperature of system, of the magnetic field  and of the characteristic parameters of RQWIP. The theoretical results for the EC are numerically evaluated, plotted and discussed for a specific RQWIP GaAs/GaAsAL. We also compared received EC with those for normal bulk semiconductors and quamtum wells to show the difference. The Ettingshausen effect in  a RQWIP in the presence of an EMW is newly developed.
Epitaxial-like growth of solution-processed PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 thin film on single-crystal Nb-doped SrTiO3 substrate
Authors: BUI TRINH
Published: January 2018

PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 (PZT) thin films have been conventionally fabricated on traditional silicon substrates with a platinum bottom electrode; however, as a consequence of unit cell mismatch, the films are difficult to form as an epitaxial-like growth. Hence, PZT films deposited on single-crystal niobium doped SrTiO3(111) substrates (Nb:STO) are promising to solve this issue thanks to the similar perovskite structure between PZT and STO. Essentially, Nb:STO material is a conductor, playing a part in both bottom electrode and epitaxial substrate. In this work, 200-nm-thick PZT films were successfully fabricated on Nb:STO substrates by a solution process. One obtained that PZT(111) peak started to appear on the Nb:STO substrate at a low annealing temperature of 450oC. Also, scanning electron microscopy observation shows smooth and homogeneous surface of PZT films on Nb:STO substrate with no grain boundary, which evidences for epitaxial-like growth of PZT thin films. Remnant polarization of 6 ÂµC/cm2 and leakage current of 8Ã—10-8 A were obtained at applied voltage of 5 V.
Undergraduate Students’ Attitude Towards Learning English: A case Study at Nong Lam University
Authors: Viet Vo Van
Published: January 2018

Effective learning a second language is influenced by many factors. Among of those, attitude has been identified as an important one. Better understanding of students' attitude will help language teaching programmers, school managers and educators to develop strategies to improved student’s learning outcomes. The drive of this study is to explore students’ attitude toward learning English. Data were collected through a questionnaire from a total of 694 students at Nong Lam University. The results of the study showed that the students have positive attitude toward learning English as a foreign language.