bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Digital Twins in Optimizing Manufacturing Processes for Small Businesses
Authors: Almeida Laura , Rivarola Marco
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate the role of digital twins in enhancing the efficiency, quality, and competitiveness of small manufacturers, identifying key motivations, impacts, challenges, and future benefits. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews to gather in-depth insights from 28 key stakeholders in small manufacturing businesses that have implemented digital twin technology. Participants included business owners, operations managers, and IT specialists. The data were transcribed and analyzed using NVivo software, following a thematic analysis approach to identify and categorize recurring themes and concepts. The analysis revealed four main themes: Adoption of Digital Twins, Impact on Manufacturing Efficiency, Challenges and Barriers, and Future Outlook and Benefits. Key motivations for adoption included cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and competitive advantage. Digital twins significantly enhanced manufacturing efficiency through process optimization, quality control, and cost management. Major challenges encompassed technical barriers, financial constraints, organizational resistance, and regulatory issues. The future outlook for digital twins was positive, with potential long-term benefits and advancements in AI and IoT expected to further enhance their capabilities. Digital twins offer substantial benefits for small manufacturing businesses, including improved efficiency, quality control, and cost management. However, successful implementation requires addressing technical, financial, and organizational challenges. With continued technological advancements and strategic support, digital twins are likely to become integral to small manufacturers, driving innovation and competitiveness in the industry.
The Impact of Emerging Technologies on Risk Management Strategies in the Insurance Sector
Authors: Darbani Sharareh , Karimpour Fatemeh
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore the influence of emerging technologies on risk management strategies within the insurance industry, focusing on the adoption, integration, and challenges associated with these technologies. A qualitative research design was adopted, utilizing semi-structured interviews with senior managers and technical experts from various insurance companies. Data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis, identifying main themes and concepts related to the impact of emerging technologies. The study identified four main themes: the influence of emerging technologies, risk management strategies, challenges and opportunities, and regulatory changes. Emerging technologies like blockchain and artificial intelligence were found to improve transparency, reduce fraud, and enhance operational efficiency. Challenges include the insurability of cyber risks and integrating new technologies within existing systems. Emerging technologies present both significant opportunities and challenges for the insurance industry. While they offer the potential to revolutionize risk management practices, their effective integration requires careful consideration of legal, technical, and organizational factors.
Ethical and Legal Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence in Digital Businesses
Authors: Farzin Omid , Samiei Rohollah
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore and analyze the ethical and legal challenges posed by the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in digital businesses, highlighting the need for robust guidelines and frameworks to guide responsible AI implementation. Adopting a qualitative research approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 20 experts from diverse fields related to digital businesses and AI. The content analysis method was employed to identify main themes, categories, and concepts within the ethical and legal realms of AI usage. Two main themes emerged: ethical challenges and legal challenges. Ethical challenges encompassed categories such as privacy violations, discriminatory practices, and AI accountability. Legal challenges included intellectual property rights, data regulations, and surveillance and control issues. The analysis revealed a complex landscape of ethical dilemmas and legal uncertainties that digital businesses face when implementing AI technologies. The study concludes that navigating the ethical and legal challenges of AI in digital businesses requires a multi-faceted approach, emphasizing the importance of developing comprehensive ethical guidelines and legal frameworks. These measures should ensure AI technologies are used in ways that respect human rights and promote fairness and transparency in the digital economy.
Utilizing Novel Technologies to Enhance Logistics and Distribution Processes in Retail Businesses
Authors: Darbani Sharareh , Yazdani Ali
Published: August 2024

This study aims to explore how innovative technologies can be employed to improve logistics and distribution processes in retail businesses, enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing customer satisfaction. A qualitative research design was employed, focusing on semi-structured interviews with managers and employees in the logistics and distribution sectors of various retail businesses. Participants were selected based on predefined criteria to ensure a diverse range of experiences and perspectives. Four main themes emerged from the analysis: Innovative Technologies, Process Improvements, Socio-Economic Impacts, and Challenges and Solutions. Each theme encompasses categories with specific concepts, such as warehouse management systems, data analysis platforms, communication solutions, optimization of distribution, inventory management, enhancing customer satisfaction, employment effects, environmental sustainability, economic development, technological barriers, organizational resistance, and legal and security issues. The study concludes that the strategic use of innovative technologies in retail logistics and distribution can significantly enhance operational efficiency and sustainability. However, overcoming implementation challenges requires a focus on skill development, organizational culture adaptation, and strategic planning.
Investigating the production capacity of chemical and metal industries in the conditions of embargo and their power generation problems
Authors: Hafezi Birgani Mehran , Moradi Arezoo
Published: August 2024

The main purpose of this article is to compare the production capacity of chemical and metal industries in the conditions of embargo and their job creation potential. In this article, we compared two chemical and metal industries, which are leading industries in the field of production. In order to determine the optimal level of production capacity in the chemical and metal industries with the three-digit ISIC.Rev.3 code, the Translog cost function was used. Optimum production is the equality of elasticity of scale or elasticity of cost (inverse of elasticity of scale) with one. To obtain the optimal level of production, first, a level of production was obtained from the equality of scale elasticity or cost elasticity with one, which naturally satisfies the first condition, then the second condition was obtained in order to investigate the research. The results of the analysis showed that the rate of employment generation in the chemical and metal industries in the period between (1380-1397), taking into account the amount of production, is on the rise. The efficiency and job creation rate in metal industries is higher compared to chemical industries. The growth rate of flammability in chemical industry has grown by 4.7%. If the growth rate of employment creation in metal industries was 5.4 percent. This difference can be due to the centralization of the integrated management system and the type of support provided by the government to this type of industry. The results of the analysis of the production capacity in the chemical industry sector showed that the optimal production capacity was equal to 598,647 million rials. It seems that the production companies of this sector have produced more than their capacity. And they have used their optimal capacity to the fullest. The capacity utilization rate in industries is estimated at 185%. The actual production level in metal industries is 57421.2 million rials per year, this shows that the companies in this group of industries of the country use about 33.7% of their nominal capacity. which is much less than the optimal value required.
Identifying Technological Barriers in the Path of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Jafari Susan
Published: August 2024

In the current era, technology plays a chief role in the development of entrepreneurial businesses. However, entrepreneurs face numerous challenges in utilizing and integrating technology, which can limit their growth and progress. The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the technological barriers that entrepreneurs encounter in the development of their businesses. This qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with twenty-three entrepreneurs. Data were analyzed through content analysis. The findings revealed six main themes of technological barriers: environmental barriers, cultural-social barriers, technological barriers, market barriers, skills and knowledge, and immigrant entrepreneurship. These barriers include challenges related to laws and regulations, access to financial resources, gender differences, and other issues. This study demonstrates that entrepreneurs need to overcome a set of technological barriers to achieve success and make optimal use of technology in their businesses. Addressing these barriers and designing solutions to overcome them can contribute to the sustainable development of entrepreneurial businesses.
Investigating Knowledge Management Strategies for Leveraging Big Data in Business Value Creation
Authors: Ghasemi Najarkolaee Seyed Mostafa , Hosseinzadeh Arshia , Shokrolahi Nozar
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to examine and analyze how knowledge management strategies can play a role in effectively leveraging big data to create value in businesses, foster innovation, and improve strategic decision-making processes. This qualitative research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 25 participants from various business sectors. Data analysis was performed thematically to identify main patterns and themes. Five main themes were identified: knowledge management strategies, leveraging big data, business value creation, the impact of technology on business, and challenges and obstacles. The findings indicated that organizational culture, advanced analytical tools, and innovative approaches in knowledge management are key factors in effective utilization of big data. This study emphasizes that knowledge management strategies are fundamental for leveraging big data in businesses and can contribute to value creation, innovation, and enhancing competitive advantage. Strengthening an organizational culture based on knowledge sharing and usage, employing analytical tools and new technologies, and adopting innovative approaches in knowledge management were identified as important factors in the success of leveraging big data.
Presenting an Optimization Model for Fintech Based on Artificial Intelligence Indices in the Financial Market
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Esmat , Keramati Mohammadali , Mehrinejad Safia , Mehrani Azade
Published: August 2024

The aim of this research is to present an optimization model for fintech based on artificial intelligence indices in the financial market. This research is exploratory in nature due to the model presentation and is considered applied since its results are utilized by stakeholders. The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) was employed as a metaheuristic method to solve nine problem simulations. The results obtained from this method were then compared with the epsilon-constraint method, and the relationship between the solutions indicated that the developed NSGA-II algorithm is capable of reaching appropriate solutions in a shorter time compared to the epsilon-constraint method, particularly for large-scale problem tests. The outcomes from solving the proposed mathematical model through the presented nine problem simulations were solved using the specified algorithms in GAMS and MATLAB software. The model considered in this research is a bi-objective model aimed at minimizing inter-cell movements and fintech purchases (cell formation) and maximizing the relationships of AI operators with network considerations and operator efficiency on fintechs (operator allocation). This model not only improves the efficiency of fintechs but also provides a novel and effective approach to adapting to various challenges in the financial market. Therefore, utilizing this optimization model can enhance performance and profitability in the financial market and contribute to development and progress in the financial space.
Effectiveness of the Payment Network Regulator in the Accurate and Timely Identification and Collection of Taxes on Purchase Funds from Taxable Merchants in the Iranian Payment Network
Authors: Shadmehri Saeed
Published: August 2024

The regulator of payment network services in Iran, in addition to monitoring the compliance of activities within the payment network according to legal requirements, possesses information from merchants and their transactions that can be utilized by relevant institutions within the framework of the law. The Tax Administration is one of the entities that can use this information to identify and collect taxes. This study examined the effectiveness of the actions taken by the payment network regulator in the Iranian payment industry ecosystem, which intersects with the activities of the Tax Administration. The latent variables examined include the compliance of merchants' primary information with taxpayer data, alignment of business locations with tax files, transaction identification, tax deduction from transactions, and report submission. The methodology of this research is applied in terms of its aim and descriptive-survey in terms of its method. The results of the analysis of data extracted from the questionnaire indicate the effectiveness of the payment network regulator in accurately and timely identifying and collecting taxes on purchase funds from taxable merchants in the Iranian payment network.
Presenting an Educational Model for the Development of the Staff of the National Organization for Civil Registration
Authors: Ahmadi Najmeh , Nami Kolsum , Ghourchian Nadergholi , Jafari Parivash
Published: August 2024

The present study aims to present an educational model for the development of the staff of the National Organization for Civil Registration. The research method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire on staff development was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated through Cronbach's alpha. The results of these interviews were a set of initial themes that were gathered through the coding process, from which categories were extracted. Then, in the axial coding stage, the connections between these categories were determined. For analysis, structural equation modeling was used, and to determine the current situation, one-sample t-test was utilized. For comparing the current and desired situation, one-sample t-test was employed through SPSS24 software. For presenting the final research model, measurement modeling was used, and for fitting the model in the structural equation modeling technique, PLS3 software was used. The findings of the qualitative part of the research led to the identification of two dimensions (individual and organizational). The organizational development dimension consisted of 8 components, and the individual development dimension consisted of 3 components, which included 19 themes (sub-components) for assessing the mentioned components. The current situation of staff development in the National Organization for Civil Registration showed a gap and distance in the organizational development dimension, while there was no gap and distance in the individual development dimension between the current and desired situations. Based on the research results, the components and indicators were identified, and the final model was drawn. The developed model can serve as a guiding charter for the macro-level planning of managers and planners of the National Organization for Civil Registration.
Policy Making for the Maturity of Elite Sports in Iran: The Role of Contexts, Processes, and Development Levels
Authors: Paseban Mohsen , Naderinasab Mehdi , Biniaz Sayed Abbas
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to analyze the policy making for the maturity of elite sports in Iran, focusing on the role of contexts, processes, and development levels. The research method was qualitative with a systematic analysis approach. The statistical population included all faculty members of physical education, managers and experts of executive and professional sports organizations, and scientific documents and resources. The statistical sample was selected purposefully and conveniently based on theoretical saturation (16 individuals and 28 documents). The research tools included systematic library study and semi-structured interviews, and the validity of the tools was assessed using qualitative validation methods (content validity). Coding and conceptual framing methods were used to analyze the findings. The conceptual framework of elite sports policy making in Iran was identified in 10 perspectives and 5 conceptual levels: the framework of elite sports policy making, groundwork for implementing elite sports policies, the policy process for elite sports development, the strategic maturity of the elite sports system, and the development level and functions of elite sports. The framework presented in this study provides an understanding of the dimensions of policy making for elite sports development based on its relationship with a set of various activities. Based on this framework, an objective evaluation of management activities in elite sports can be conducted, and scientific information regarding appropriate actions that sports organizations should undertake for the development of elite sports policy making can be provided.
Identification and Prioritization of Economic Factors Affecting the Development of Entrepreneurial Businesses (Case Study: Insurance Industry)
Authors: Ziyari Reza , Abdolshah Mojtaba , Moghimi Zahra
Published: August 2024

The development of entrepreneurial businesses is one of the primary foundations for creating growth focused on people within society. Considering that the business environment conditions of each country are one of the main factors influencing investors' decision-making, economists and policymakers have significantly increased their attention to improving the business and investment environment in recent years. Accordingly, this study aims to identify and prioritize the economic factors affecting the development of entrepreneurial businesses. This research is quantitative in nature and classified as applied research based on its objectives, and as survey research based on data collection methods. After extracting dimensions and components from theoretical foundations, the Delphi method was employed to achieve theoretical consensus by providing the factors to experts for refinement. Subsequently, structural equation modeling was used for validation. The study population consists of the insurance industry, and thus a panel of 15 experts from this industry, who met the expertise criteria, was purposefully sampled. For model testing, the statistical population included 1,220 middle managers in this industry. Cochran's formula was used to calculate the sample size, resulting in 292 individuals being randomly selected as the sample. Data were collected through field methods, with a questionnaire as the data collection tool. The validity of the research questionnaire was confirmed by the opinions of professors and experts, and its reliability was also confirmed through Cronbach's alpha (0.89). The results showed that the final research model has three dimensions and nine components: In the governance dimension: financing, intellectual property rights, and the development of technological entrepreneurial activities. In the contractual dimension: domestic and foreign investment, transfer of technical knowledge, new approaches to international business, and the establishment of innovation acceleration centers. In the participatory dimension: creation of financial NGOs supporting startups, free and public skill training, and adherence to ethical economics. The results also indicated that among the contractual components, the component "establishment of innovation acceleration centers" has the highest correlation with the dimension. Therefore, to develop entrepreneurial businesses, supporting the entry of the private sector into holding entrepreneurial events and establishing innovation accelerators should be prioritized by the relevant authorities.
Barriers and Challenges in Scenario-Based Policy Making for Oil Development Policies
Authors: khoubyari Aboutaleb , Pirannejad Ali , Rezayan Ghayehbashi Ahad
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the barriers and challenges facing scenario-based policy making in the context of Iran's oil development policies. This research examines the sources of bias, the ability to predict future events, the level of knowledge and expertise available for scenario development, and the conflicts of interest and negotiation tensions. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews and the Delphi technique to collect data. Initially, Delphi questionnaires were distributed among 20 senior managers from the Ministry of Oil and academic experts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using NVivo software. The Delphi technique was conducted in three stages to achieve theoretical saturation. The findings of this study revealed four main concepts as barriers and challenges to scenario-based policy making in Iran's oil development: bias in policy formulation, inability to predict future events, lack of sufficient knowledge and expertise for scenario development, and conflicts of interest and negotiation tensions. These challenges can lead to reduced quality and effectiveness of policies. The results indicate that identifying and managing biases, improving predictive capabilities, increasing knowledge and expertise in scenario development, and managing conflicts of interest and tensions can enhance the scenario-based policy making process. Educational and awareness programs, feedback systems, and predictive analysis can be effective in this regard.
Presenting Alternatives in the Business Model of Mobile Operators in Iran with the Introduction of New Generations of Mobile Network Technology
Authors: Arpanahi Istadegi Shahin , Keimasi Masoud , Chitsaz Ehsan , Esfidani Mohammad Rahim
Published: August 2024

The primary objective of this study is to present alternatives in the business model of mobile operators in Iran with the introduction of new generations of mobile network technology. The research method employed in this study is classified as "applied-developmental" in terms of its objective. In terms of data collection, the study is "descriptive-analytical" and uses an exploratory mixed method. The statistical population includes managers and experts of mobile operators and the telecom industry in the country, and the sample size was continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The findings of the study indicated that the main alternatives in the business model of mobile operators in Iran, with the introduction of new generations of mobile network technology, include 13 alternatives. These encompass a platform approach and acceptance of roles, shifting from merely being transmitters to playing the role of intelligent enablers by operators, point implementation in the general market, development of big data-based businesses, focusing on justified sub-markets, appropriately utilizing business development strategies based on new aspects of diversifying the business model, and new customer groups including businesses and machines in the form of new business models. Introducing and examining business alternatives can play a significant role in diversifying the model and business and transforming the revenue models of mobile operators in Iran. Addressing these alternatives necessitates requirements in contextual factors and will lead to potential outcomes.
Identification of Factors Impeding Knowledge Management Implementation in the Southern Oil-Rich Regions
Authors: Asadi Fatemeh , Safari Sana , Mahmoudi Mahdi
Published: August 2024

The objective of this research is to identify the dimensions and contextual components that impact the lack of knowledge management implementation in the southern oil-rich regions. Training, management, culture, organizational structure and technology used, and the knowledge process are examples of organizational capabilities that should be assessed and developed within the framework of knowledge management in the oil-rich region company sector. The qualitative section used the meta-synthesis method to infer the model. Initially, the research literature was reviewed to determine the factors influencing the lack of knowledge management implementation. Subsequently, the Delphi method was used to gather the opinions of experts and specialists regarding these factors. The statistical population included studies in the form of articles from 2016 to 2024, focusing on components influencing the learning culture, searched with determined keywords in reputable internal scientific databases such as Noormags, Magiran, Civilica, Ganj, Elmnet, and external databases like Eric, Science Direct, UET, and Google Scholar. In total, 260 studies were reviewed, and after several stages of review and screening, 120 articles were selected. The research data analysis was performed using inferential analysis methods in the form of coding, and factor analysis of the questionnaire questions was conducted using SPSS statistical analysis software. The research findings in open coding extracted 128 components of knowledge management non-implementation, which were divided into five categories in axial coding: acquisition, creation, transfer, storage, and application of knowledge. Additionally, the results of the selective coding phase classified the obtained components into knowledge, individual, and organizational barriers. Based on the characteristics and barriers to knowledge management implementation, this research categorized them into three areas, which can be used in designing barriers to knowledge management implementation aimed at fostering and developing tacit knowledge in the southern oil-rich regions.
The Role of Incubators and Accelerators in Nurturing Tech Talent
Authors: Chinonso Osuji
Published: August 2024

In recent years, the rapid growth of technology-driven enterprises has become a pivotal driver of economic development globally. Central to this growth are incubators and accelerators, which have emerged as vital ecosystems for nurturing tech talent and fostering innovation. These institutions play a significant role in transforming raw ideas into scalable, sustainable businesses, providing a platform for entrepreneurs to refine their concepts and expand their market reach. This letter delves into the multifaceted role of incubators and accelerators in nurturing tech talent, highlighting their contributions to entrepreneurial success and regional economic development. In conclusion, incubators and accelerators play a pivotal role in nurturing tech talent and fostering innovation. By providing essential resources, mentorship, funding, and networking opportunities, these programs significantly enhance the success rates of startups and contribute to regional economic development. As the global tech landscape continues to evolve, it is imperative to continuously adapt and refine these models to meet the changing needs of entrepreneurs and to maximize their impact on the broader economy. The ongoing success of incubators and accelerators will undoubtedly remain a cornerstone of entrepreneurial growth and technological advancement in the years to come.
Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Technological Capability and Innovation Capability in Startup Leaders
Authors: Permono Brwa , Kurniati Agung
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between entrepreneurial self-efficacy, technological capability, and innovation capability among startup leaders. Specifically, the study aimed to determine the extent to which technological and innovation capabilities predict entrepreneurial self-efficacy, providing insights into the factors that drive entrepreneurial success in startup environments. A cross-sectional research design was employed, involving 290 startup leaders selected based on the sample size recommendations from the Morgan and Krejcie table. Participants completed a structured questionnaire assessing entrepreneurial self-efficacy, technological capability, and innovation capability. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression using SPSS version 27. Assumptions of linearity, normality, and homoscedasticity were checked and confirmed to ensure the validity of the regression model. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and both technological capability (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and innovation capability (r = 0.56, p < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that technological capability (B = 0.37, SE = 0.08, β = 0.30, t = 4.63, p < 0.001) and innovation capability (B = 0.45, SE = 0.09, β = 0.35, t = 5.14, p < 0.001) were significant predictors of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, explaining 40% of its variance (R^2 = 0.40, F(2, 287) = 46.83, p < 0.001). The study concludes that both technological capability and innovation capability significantly enhance entrepreneurial self-efficacy among startup leaders. These findings underscore the importance of fostering these capabilities to drive entrepreneurial success. The study contributes to the literature by highlighting the critical role of self-efficacy and providing practical implications for entrepreneurs, policymakers, and educators aiming to support entrepreneurial development.
Milch-Zahnerhaltung am Limit (?)
Authors: Schmidlin Patrick R. , Lussi Adrian
Published: August 2024

Das kongenitale Fehlen von Milchzähnen ist ein Problem. Mit Ausnahme der dritten Molaren sind die zweiten Unterkiefer-Prämolaren (2.5–4.5%) am häufigsten betroffen. Der Erhalt des Vorgängerzahnes ist eine Möglichkeit, den Platz zu erhalten und die definitive prothetische Entscheidung hinauszuzögern. Eine Literaturübersicht fand pathologiefreie Überlebensraten von 82–89 % über einen Zeitraum von 5–13 Jahren. Neben Karies und Gingivitis stellen eine Infraokklusion oder Wurzelresorption typische biologische Komplikationen dar.
Szkodliwe wspomnienia o płynie Lugola
Authors:   Wydział Fizyki, Politechnika Warszawska, Aksamit Dariusz
Published: August 2024

On February 26th 2022, the occupation of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone by the Russian troops invading Ukraine caused a panic of fear of ionizing radiation in our society, which resulted in the purchase of a supply of Lugol’s fluid from pharmacies. On this occasion, it is worth considering not only the physical and biological aspects of responding to various types of radiation threats, but also the role that the physicists community can play in such situations.
Study on cost and economy of Mountain micro-piles
Authors: Gan Jingshuang , Xiao Han
Published: August 2024

The State Grid Corporation of China has formulated relevant measures for further strengthening the management of mechanized construction, in order to promote the high-quality construction of the power grid and raise the level of mechanized construction of the power grid construction, improve the safety quality and efficiency of construction projects. At present, the construction of pole-tower foundation in mountain area mainly depends on manpower. It is very important to improve the level of power grid construction mechanization. This paper briefly introduces the characteristics and advantages of the mountain micro-pile foundation, discusses the cost items of the micro-pile in detail, and studies the economy of the mountain micro-pile by comparing the cost of the micro-pile with that of the common single pile
Statistical analysis and prediction of the construction demand of smart elderly care
Authors: Zhu Junyi , Sun Jingyi , Chen Zhiyuan
Published: August 2024

China is facing a severe problem of population aging, and the number of elderly population is large and continues to grow. Under the current social background, the acceptance of new technology products among the elderly shows a steady increasing trend. From the perspective of empirical research, the popularization of new technology products has become one of the important indicators to measure the modern living level of the elderly. In addition, with the general improvement of education level and the diversification of information access channels, the cognitive ability and learning willingness of the elderly for new technology products have been significantly enhanced.
Pengantar Akustik Kelautan
Authors:   Universitas OSO, Santoso Hendi
Published: August 2024

Buku "Pengantar Akustik Kelautan" adalah referensi dasar yang dirancang untuk mahasiswa, peneliti, dan praktisi di bidang kelautan yang ingin memahami dasar-dasar ilmu akustik kelautan. Buku ini menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip dasar akustik yang dapat digunakan untuk mengungkap berbagai fenomena di bawah permukaan laut, mulai dari pemetaan dasar laut hingga pendeteksian ikan dan mamalia laut. Struktur buku ini disusun secara sistematis dan mudah dipahami, meliputi konsep dasar gelombang suara, propagasi suara di laut, hingga aplikasi praktis dalam survei akustik dan pemantauan lingkungan laut. Setiap bab dilengkapi dengan contoh kasus dan latihan untuk membantu pembaca mengaplikasikan teori yang dipelajari. Berikut adalah beberapa topik utama yang dibahas dalam buku ini: Pendahuluan: Sejarah dan perkembangan akustik kelautan, serta pentingnya pemahaman akustik dalam studi kelautan modern. Komponen Utama Sistem Akustik: Penjelasan tentang transduser, hidrofon, dan komponen utama lainnya yang digunakan dalam akustik kelautan. Konsep Dasar Akustik: Pembahasan mengenai gelombang suara, frekuensi, panjang gelombang, amplitudo, dan kecepatan suara di laut. Pembentukan Gelombang: Karakteristik gelombang suara di air laut dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecepatan suara. Sistem Akustik: Berbagai jenis echosounder seperti single beam, dual beam, split beam, dan multi beam, serta aplikasinya. Target Strength dan Scattering Volume: Konsep target strength, scattering volume, dan metode pengukurannya. Seismik dan Akustik Sedimen: Prinsip dasar seismik dan akustik sedimen serta teknik pengukurannya. Bioakustik: Fungsi dan aplikasi biosonar serta teknologi yang terinspirasi oleh bio sonar. Pengoperasian GPS Map Garmin 585: Fitur utama dan cara penggunaan GPS untuk aplikasi kelautan. Buku ini diharapkan dapat memberikan manfaat dan kontribusi positif bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kelautan di Indonesia.
Perception et opinion des couples de la zone de santé urbano-rurale de Lukonga sur les examens prénuptiaux / Kasaï-Central
Authors: Ngalamulume Louis L. , Sobolayi Samuel B. , Ntuba Norbert M. , Katangala Jean-Pierre B. , Kande Daniel K. , Kabamusu Georges T. , Ntumba Constantin K. , Kabunjiki Emile M. , Tshibuabua Freddy B.
Published: August 2024

Introduction. L’ignorance par les couples de leur véritable état de santé est un sérieux risque susceptible d’exposer ceux-ci et leur progéniture à des tragédies et misères dans le mariage. La sensibilisation pour les examens prénuptiaux avant le mariage doit être un aspect valable et satisfaisant de la médecine préventive. En dépit de cela, les maladies héréditaires sont répandues parmi la population congolaise due aux taux élevés de mariages consanguins et défaites. Cette étude vise à étudier la connaissance et l'attitude des couples envers les examens prénuptiaux pour aider le programme à l’élaboration des stratégies efficace de prévention de la santé de reproduction de la population. Matériel et Méthodes. Une étude transversale a été conduite en utilisant un questionnaire prétexté distribué à 384 couples, âgés de 19 à plus de 51 ans dans la zone de santé urbano-rurale de Lukonga. Le questionnaire a été composé de 3 parties principales et l’analyse consiste à l’appréciation des indicateurs sociodémographiques et culturels, la connaissance et l’attitude des couples. La comparaison entre les deux groupes a été faite à l’aide de test de Khi carré, le degré de signification a été fixé a pu valu 0,02 à 0,05. Résultats. La majorité des répondants (91.1%) a déjà entendu parler des examens prénuptiaux, 68,8% connaissent que le VIH/Sida comme examen prénuptial et 34.6 % des couples ont comme source privilégiée d’information la famille. Parmi eux 67,2% ont une bonne connaissance de l’origine héréditaire des maladies. De façon générale, la réticence de réaliser les examens prénuptiaux a été élevée (75,8 %) ; et la connaissance, ainsi que l’attitude des couples ont été associés au niveau d’étude et sexe, X2 =521.746, ddl=36, à pvalu 0.000. Conclusion. En dépit du niveau relativement élevé de la connaissance, environ un tiers des participants étaient encore peu disposé à effectuer les examens prénuptiaux. Le niveau d’instruction et socioéconomique bas sont des facteurs déterminant des attitudes des couples. De telles attitudes font appel au besoin immédiat des campagnes de sensibilisation et vulgarisation de la communauté à faire les examens prénuptiaux. Mots-clés : Examens prénuptiaux, Maladies héréditaires, Connaissances et Attitude.
Experiences of Teachers and Pupils on E-learning Prepardness in Selected Urban Schools of Lusaka District, Zambia: An Interpretive Phenomenological Study
Authors: Mphande Fumbani , Kalimaposo Kalisto , Phiri Chidongo , Tembo Pilira , Mwale Masauso
Published: August 2024

The study focused on the experiences of teachers and pupils on e-learning preparedness in selected urban schools of Lusaka anchored on interpretive phenomenological perspective. The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of teachers and pupils on e-learning and establish the measures put in place on e-learning preparedness in the selected schools of Lusaka urban. The study used an interpretive phenomenological theoretical framework based on discussions and reflections on direct sensory observations and experiences of the learners. The starting point for using interpretive phenomenology in this research was our ability to approach this research without knowing a priori assumptions. Phenomenological theoretical framing has been used as a broad and loose name for various analyses that have emphasized experiences, interpretations, narratives, and discourse based on the phenomenological orientation of social science philosophy. Methodologically, employed a qualitative approach particularly in analyzing data. To do so, the study took a total sample size of 25 participants such as 10 pupils, 9 ICT teachers, 2 Head Teachers, 2 specialists from the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) equaling to the total of 25 participants. Technically, the researchers used purposive sampling, specifically homogenous sampling to select head teachers, pupils, and curriculum experts. Data was collected using detailed Interview Guide, focus group discussion and observation Checklist on the preparedness of e-learning in selected schools of Lusaka, district in Zambia. Further, data was analysed using thematic analysis where major themes were drawn and coded. Based on the study findings it is evident to note the teacher’s experiences and challenges of e-learning preparedness were due to the lack of ICT infrastructure, lack of trained ICT teachers, Poor network connectivity, lack of acceptance to new technology, electricity load shedding and the lack of parental involvement in e-learning programmes. Further, on usage, the study revealed that pupils did not know how to use the e-learning platforms, and mostly there is inadequate skills and knowledge of eLearning software to both teachers and learners. The study postulates the strategies on e-learning preparedness that should include training of Trainers of ICT, Building ICT infrastructure, and ensuring that ICT is a compulsory subject from primary to secondary schools. Additionally, a continuous Professional Development for all teachers on e-learning, monitoring and evaluating of e-learning assessments and feedback should be encouraged in all schools. The study recommended the forgoing to authorities in the education sector for sustainability, as case studies and best practices, digital literacy and pedagogical approach applicable in Zambia.
Socio Economic Factors Causing Student’s Dropout in Girls Higher Secondary Schools in District Peshawar (Pakistan)
Authors: Bibi Samina , Muhammad Shafi Malik , Fahad Shah , Hanan Fazal , Khan Naushad
Published: August 2024

The primary objective of this study is to find out the causes of dropout of students of girls higher secondary school in the study area. The total number of dropout students at these schools was 258. Through the Yamani formula, the sample size was fixed to 157 out of 258. Then, through allocation proportion methodology, the sample size of 157 was distributed among all 18 girls in higher secondary schools. Data were collected from the 157 respondents by interview schedules. A multiple regression model was run, and the situation was analyzed. Different variables, such as parental education, household income, household size, landholding, teacher experiences, and transportation facilities, were negatively related to the students' dropout rate. In contrast, the remaining variables were positively related to the students' dropout rate in the study area. Only school distance and sickness were found non-significant, and the remaining variables were found significant at a .05 confidence level. On the basis of problems, the study recommends that awareness of the parents is required for the dropout decrease of students; training teachers should be provided for dropout control in the study area; the school environment should be made favorable for student attraction; abuse language by teachers should not apply in the classroom; always use soft language by a school teacher in the study area; some attractive program should be arranged for student attraction in the school. Similarly, teachers and parents also require students' encouragement students; the family of the students and school administration meeting is required on a regular basis in the schools to encourage the students to uplift their education.
Afghanistan: A Policy Reversal Factor in Pakistan-United States Relations (1980-2014)
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Nadeem Riaz
Published: August 2024

Pakistan-US relationship is considered to be inspired by Pakistan's intrinsic geo-strategic position. All the four states sharing frontiers with Pakistan are hosts of multifaceted US interests. To the north of Pakistan lies the People's Republic of China, an emerging global power to whom the US wants to contain through leveraging strategic convergence with Pakistan's eastern neighbor, India, a regional hegemon and Pakistan's longstanding rival. Iran, the Southwestern neighbor of Pakistan, is also on the radar of the US due to its nuclear program and growing influence in the Middle East. Nonetheless, Pakistan's proximity to China, India, and Iran has various implications for Pakistan-US relations. However, the "Afghanistan factor with its magical make-or-break capacity" stands out as the 'policy reversing' factor in Pakistan-US relations. Since the 1980s, the 'Afghanistan factor' has positively or negatively impacted Pakistan-US relations and prompted a shift in Washington's and Islamabad's policies. The prime ace of the study is to analyze Afghanistan's role in shaping Pakistan's foreign policy towards the US and vice versa and to explore the shared interests of Pakistan and the US in Afghanistan, which allow the "Afghanistan factor" to bearings upon Pakistan-US relations. While employing qualitative research design and functioning rational choice theory, this study attempts to analyze and uncover the underlying patterns, strategic calculations and decision-making processes that drove the interactions between Pakistan and the United States due to the Afghanistan factor in the 1980s and 1st decade of the 21st century.
Changing Dynamics of Baloch Insurgency: Implications for National Stability and Security
Authors: Ullah Niyamat , Akhtar Nasreen
Published: August 2024

This article analyses Balochistan and its geopolitical significance using a multidisciplinary approach incorporating empirical evidence, theoretical paradigms, and expert opinions. It begins by offering a historical background and then delves into the main issues that led to the emergence of the insurgency, tracing its evolution through different stages. The article then examines the insurgency's social, economic, political, and cultural impacts on Balochistan and Pakistan, forecasting its potential spread throughout the region. Additionally, it scrutinizes the role of external actors and regional dynamics that have contributed to the insurgency, shedding light on the global geopolitical complexities in South Asia.
Assessing the Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Poverty Alleviation: Insights from Pakistan
Authors: Nisar Riffat , Sami Fariha , Arafat Yasir , Arshad Aqsa , Hussain Khan Irfan
Published: August 2024

This research paper aims to help national policymakers understand the dynamics involved in the importance of foreign direct investment in poverty alleviation and thus formulate policies to attract FDI, utilizing time series data from 1990 to 2023. The study considers foreign direct investment (FDI), education, unemployment, and inflation as vital explanatory variables affecting poverty levels. Johnson's co-integration technique explored the long-term relationship between these variables and the poverty-ganger-cause test to determine whether one time series can predict another. Comprehensive research analysis, empirical evidence, and practical recommendations provide a solid foundation for policymakers, researchers, and development practitioners aiming to reduce poverty and foster economic growth in the country. The findings reveal significant long-term relationships between poverty and the independent variables: education, FDI, inflation, and unemployment. Specifically, education and inflation positively impact poverty, while FDI and unemployment have negative impacts. Notably, poverty does not cause FDI, nor does FDI cause poverty, as evidenced by p-values of 0.2996 and 0.4228, respectively. The study underscores the significant impact of FDI, inflation, and education on poverty. It highlights that foreign investment often displaces small local businesses, increasing unemployment and poverty. Therefore, the study recommends that the government implement robust policies and establish a monitoring team to curb corruption across all economic sectors. Furthermore, it suggests that the government should enforce financially solid policies, improve law and order, support small and medium enterprises, and urgently address the energy crisis to boost business opportunities and reduce poverty in Pakistan.