bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE SODIUM SALT ON THE PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF GELS WITH CHITOSAN FOR THE OESOPHAGEAL MUCOSA
Authors:   Wroclaw Medical University Department of Drug Form Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The ‘Silesian Piasts’ Memorial Wroclaw Medical University, Małolepsza-Jarmołowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2022

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is a serious social problem that affects every sphere of life. The quality of life of people with this disease is reduced due to the presence of troublesome symptoms, which translates into reduced work efficiency and vitality. The major problem is acidic gastro-oesophageal reflux. This study was undertaken to examine whether hydrogels prevent irritation of the oesophageal mucosa. The aim was to investigate the influence of chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt on the protective properties of prepared gels in the treatment of acid reflux. The addition of chitosan to all tested gels increased their pH and dynamic viscosity. Preparations containing 0.3% carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt showed the highest pH. The texture tests showed the effect of carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt concentration on the adhesion work of the tested gels. These gels could be used in the treatment of advanced acid reflux
SYNTHESIS OF NEW CHITOSAN-CARBONATE HYDROXYAPATITE COMPOSITES WITH POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING – PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Urbaniak Justyna , Kołodziejska Barbara , Kaflak Agnieszka
Published: October 2022

The subject of this study was the synthesis of 12 chitosan-hydroxyapatite (CH:HA) composites with different contents of carbonate ions (CO3 2-), in two weight ratios of CH to HA (30:70 and 50:50), and two viscosities of CH (low [L] and high [H]). The method of direct co-precipitation of the introduced reagents was used. The structure of the obtained materials was characterised by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The FT-IR spectra revealed the bands and ranges of the characteristic bands for CH and HA. The presence of CO3 2- introduced into the structure of the obtained composites was identified by infrared spectroscopy. A reduction in the size of HA unit cells was observed in the obtained CH:HA biocomposites, in materials with a higher content of incorporated CO3 2-. The obtained nanomaterials are similar to natural bone tissue. Future research will focus on the evaluation of the obtained materials as a drug delivery system.
Atrapados y ‘entrampados’ en la frontera colombo-venezolana: dinámicas de movilidad/inmovilidad durante la pandemia por Covid-19*
Authors: Espinel Rubio Gladys Adriana , Niño Vega Nohora Constanza , Rodríguez Gáfaro Paola Eleonora
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo explora las experiencias de movilidad restringida en personas migrantes venezolanas producto de las medidas gubernamentales para hacer frente a la pandemia en Colombia y Venezuela en la frontera. Desde un diseño narrativo y a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas entre mayo y septiembre del 2020, la revisión documental y hemerográfica, se determinó que Cúcuta y su área metropolitana se ha configurado en una díada de movilidad/inmovilidad propiciando el atrapamiento y ‘entrampamiento’ en ambos territorios. De este modo, la frontera se asume como productora de lógicas de diferenciación entre ciudadanos y migrantes, acentuadas a partir de la pandemia y la construcción del otro como amenaza de contagio de los dos países sumado a los procesos de securitización y sanitización como estrategias de reafirmación de la soberanía. En conclusión, la pandemia por Covid19 propició la gesta de una frontera restrictiva e inmovilizadora donde antes se mostraba un territorio de intercambio permanente y las personas migrantes se han convertido en sujeto de disputa de las tensas relaciones internacionales entre el gobierno venezolano y los países del continente americano.
Efectos y desafíos de la pandemia del covid-19 en la sociedad contemporánea: el eterno retorno de las pandemias
Authors: Acevedo Tarazona Álvaro
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo indaga por la recurrencia de las pandemias en la sociedad contemporánea y sus impactos, a propósito de la emergencia sanitaria experimentada en el mundo por cuenta de la pandemia del Covid-19 en Colombia y el mundo. Para tal fin, se realiza un análisis del impacto de las pandemias con cierta trazabilidad histórica, seguido de una exploración teórica de la coyuntura actual, observada a través de la noción del eterno retorno planteada por el filósofo alemán Friedrich Nietzsche y las perspectivas de algunos filósofos contemporáneos acerca de este fenómeno que ha impactado la vida de todos los individuos y que, sin duda, sugiere enormes cambios y desafíos para el desarrollo de la vida futura
Efectos emocionales del confinamiento por la covid-19 en niños y niñas de primera infancia
Authors: Restrepo Segura Yusty Carolina , Correa Pérez Luisa Fernanda , Arroyave Taborda Leisy Magdali , Pino Montoya José Wilmar
Published: October 2022

Este artículo de reflexión es el resultado parcial de la investigación: “La pedagogía familiar como alternativa educativa en época de distanciamiento social”. Esta tiene por objetivo general: develar las estrategias familiares para asumir el acompañamiento educativo de los hijos en el hogar. La metodología de la que se parte es el paradigma interpretativo y la estrategia fue documental. Con respecto a los resultados, se describen las razones por las cuales aparecen síntomas emocionales en los niños y niñas durante la cuarentena; que preocupan a un niño o niña en época de pandemia, y en los responsables de garantizar la protección de la salud emocional de los niños y las niñas. La investigación arrojó como conclusiones: la capacidad de los niños y niñas para adaptarse a las situaciones; que son la familia y el Estado los responsables de garantizar la salud mental de los niños y niñas; y que la covid-19 trajo consigo la necesidad de atender al ser humano a partir de todas sus múltiples dimensiones.
Consultoría para la determinación de los Costos de Calidad
Authors: Martinez Rodríguez Yaima , Ortiz Chávez Yunelsy
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo expone la gestión de los costos de la calidad como estimulación a la mejora continua y a la toma de decisiones, se propone un procedimiento de consultoría para determinar costos de calidad en empresas cubanas. Se aplica el análisis de clasificación por conglomerados jerárquicos por casos, para obtener, desde la perspectiva teórica las variables más representativas existentes en los modelos y procedimientos precedentes, con la asistencia del software IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Statistics (SPSS), versión 20. Como principal resultado se presenta un procedimiento paradesarrollar el servicio de consultoría en la determinación de los costos de calidad, sustentado en los elementos esenciales de los 16 procedimientos estudiados, integrándolos y realizando una consulta aexpertos para su validación, enfocado en los siguientes aspectos: reconocimiento de la importancia, validez, carácter metodológico yposibilidad de aplicación en la entidad Sociedad Mercantil Consultoría Económica CANEC, S.A; específicamente en la Sucursal de Holguín, Cuba. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos.
Experiencias cubanas en la planificación de la continuidad del posgrado académico en tiempos de COVID-19
Authors: Guerra Bretaña Rosa Mayelín , Sosa Vera Rita C , Roque González Rosalba , Ramos Azcuy Fridel Julio
Published: October 2022

En este trabajo se exponen las experiencias relacionadas con el establecimiento de planes de contingencia y continuidad en los procesosacadémicos de posgrado en tiempos de COVID-19 en dos instituciones cubanas que brindan servicios de formación en maestrías y especialidades: la Cátedra de Calidad Metrología y Normalización de la Universidad de La Habana y el Centro Nacional de Cirugía de Mínimo Acceso. El estudiodescriptivo con enfoque cualitativo se basó en los requisitos de la norma ISO 22301, que abarcan las dos primeras etapas del ciclo planificar-hacerverificar-actuar. El propósito del plan de contingencia y continuidad es garantizar la resiliencia de los procesos de posgrado, a partir de reducir el riesgo y generar capacidad de respuesta y recuperación frente al evento disruptivo originado por la COVID-19. Las estrategias generales sobre las que se construyeron los planes en ambas instituciones educativas estánrelacionadas con el paso a las actividades no presenciales con el uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, la flexibilización delas formas de presentación de los avances de tesis y trabajos finales, la creación de foros virtuales para la presentación y publicación de los resultados de investigación, el seguimiento riguroso a los avances de los estudiantes, y el fortalecimiento de las capacidades de docentes y estudiantes en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Todo ello, encaminado a responder de forma adecuada al incidente perturbador, minimizando sus impactos adversos en losprogramas de posgrado académico y garantizando la continuidad de los estudios.
Articulación entre la ISO 18091 y el Plan de Desarrollo Municipal de Fúquene: caso de estudio
Authors: León Antolínez Anngie Valeria , Parra Flórez Edward , León Medina Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2022

El presente artículo hace parte de los proyectos realizados por el Grupo de Estudio de la Maestría en Administración – MBA y la Maestría en Calidad y Gestión Integral de la Universidad Santo Tomás. El objetivo es definir un método de articulación entre la norma ISO 18091 y el plan de desarrollo municipal 2020-2023 de Fúquene en Colombia. Este proyecto de investigación es de tipo cualitativo a través de un estudio de caso con unidades incrustadas, el alcance es exploratorio y documental, donde se inicia con una revisión de literatura a través de 50 artículos, posteriormente se clasifica la información de acuerdo con los ejes temáticos y se realiza un análisis de la norma ISO 18091 con el plan de desarrollo municipal identificando las principales brechas estratégicas existentes entre la norma y el plan de desarrollo de Fúquene lo cual permite evidenciar la no existencia de directrices especificas en los diferentes capítulos de la norma, lo que es muy relevante para que los gobiernos locales implementen un sistema de gestión de la calidad que además de cumplir con los requisitos de la norma, cumpla las necesidades y expectativas de sus ciudadanos y otras partes interesadas pertinentes.
Vigilancia tecnológica de establecimientos gastronómicos en Zacatlán (México) y el área metropolitana de Medellín (Colombia): nuevos procesos y productos alimenticios innovadores
Authors: Arias Giraldo Sebastián , Muñoz Quintero Daniel , Ramos Perfecto Valentina , Oduño Mares Osmar , Restrepo Holguín Daniel
Published: October 2022

El mayor reto que se enfrentará a nivel internacional, en los próximos 35 años, será asegurar el abastecimiento de alimentos para la poblaciónmundial; la magnitud de dicha tarea, estará en función de la tasa de crecimiento poblacional, la estabilidad económica, los recursos naturales yla estructura agroindustrial de cada país. Al respecto, son diferentes los eslabones comprometidos con el favorecimiento de una alimentación sana,balanceada, suficiente, sustentable y sostenible, iniciando por el nivel productivo primario, pasando por la cadena de transformación y desembocando en el sector gastronómico. Estos rubros, tanto en Méxicocomo en Colombia, atienden a una demanda creciente de alimentos: de acuerdo con la FAO, durante el 2017, la producción de alimentos en México se incrementó en un 74%; siendo los restaurantes quienes aportaron el 2% del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB), generando alrededor de 5.5 millones de empleos. Por su parte, la Bolsa Mercantil de Colombia asegura que latransformación de alimentos es uno de los rubros más dinámicos, abarcando cerca del 24% del PIB. Específicamente, el crecimiento del subsector de suministro de alimentos preparados ha sido continuo desde 2006, nunca inferior al 3% anual, proyectándose que el foodservice alcance los 38 billones en ventas en 2021.
Gestión del conocimiento en el sector público: propuesta de caja de herramientas
Authors: Forero Torres Laura Johanna , Ramírez Guevara Diana Camila , Polo Mora Neldy Viviana
Published: October 2022

Gestionar el conocimiento es un proceso vital para las organizaciones, dadoque a partir de este se puede mejorar la eficiencia, mantener la memoriainstitucional, aprender de los errores, minimizar riesgos de fuga deinformación y fortalecer el aprendizaje (Wiig, 1993). En consecuencia, esteartículo expone los resultados de una investigación descriptiva con enfoquemixto, orientada a la propuesta de una caja de herramientas que facilite a lasentidades públicas colombianas aplicar y gestionar el conocimiento, dandocumplimiento a todos los lineamientos impartidos por el gobierno nacional.Esta investigación fue desarrollada en tres fases, la primera fue una revisiónde literatura científica y gris con el fin de analizar información relevante sobrela gestión del conocimiento. La segunda fase consta de la construcción ydesarrollo de la caja de herramientas y la tercera fue la validación decontenido por medio de la consulta a expertos, para posteriormente realizar laaplicación de pruebas estadísticas. A partir de los resultados de validación ytratamiento de las observaciones, se concluye que la caja de herramientaspropuesta es innovadora y adecuada para gestionar el conocimiento bajo loslineamientos del MIPG, por lo cual su potencial de aplicación eimplementación en las entidades es elevado
A Landmark in China’s Basic Education Curriculum Reform
Authors: Wang Mingbin
Published: October 2022

Curriculum reforms in basic education have been an essential component of educational reform, playing a crucial role in promoting student holistic development. To secure their national competitiveness, developed countries have made persevering efforts to improve their basic education. In the early 1990s, the United States started to implement the reform in curriculum standards as a major strategy to address those long-standing issues in basic education such as low academic levels of students and inequality in education, which could be impediments to the achievement of the nation’s political, economic, and social development goals. The revised curriculum standards strived to eliminate the prevalent acceptance of “mediocrity” in the education system. Student learning was transformed into a succession of interrelated activities centered on core objectives and students were encouraged to construct new knowledge based on prior experience. As a result, the previous curriculum system that was loaded with repetitive and superficial exercises was abandoned (Chen, 2004).
Investigation of 7th and 8th Grade Middle School Students’ Environmental Ethics Attitude Levels in Relation to Different Variables
Authors: Tozdan Nilgün , Keleş Özgül
Published: October 2022

One way to increase people’s positive behaviors toward nature is to ensure that students gain environmental ethics attitude concerning environmental issues. In this regard, the current study investigates the 7th and 8th-grade students’ environmental ethics attitude levels in relation to some variables (grade level, gender, school type). The study employed the survey model, one of the quantitative methods. The current research’s sampling was selected using the stratified sampling method. A total of 723 students (349 seventh graders and 374 eighth graders) attending middle school participated in the current study.  The “Environmental Ethics Attitude Scale” was used as a data collection tool in this research. The findings of the current study have revealed that the 7th and 8th-grade students’ environmental ethics attitude levels vary significantly depending on gender in favor of the female students (U(142857) = 560.34; p < 0.001). Moreover, no statistically significant difference was found between the environmental ethics attitude levels of the 7th graders and 8th graders (U(124827) = 63752.00; p > 0.05). In addition, no statistically significant difference was found between the environmental ethics attitude level of the students attending schools located in peripheral districts of the city and that of the students attending schools located in the central districts of the city (U(191838)) = 48993; p > 0.05). The seventh-grade and eighth-grade students’ eccentric environmental ethics attitude mean score and anthropocentric environmental ethics attitude mean score were very close to each other. This shows that the students have environmental ethics attitude yet cannot give up anthropocentric behaviors. Similar studies can be conducted with students from different grade levels.
An Interpretation of the Revised Compulsory Education Curriculum Program and Standards: A Revolution in China’s Compulsory Education
Authors: Wei Tianxu
Published: October 2022

The Compulsory Education Curriculum Program and the Compulsory Education Course Standards make up the Compulsory Education Curriculum Program and Standards 2022, which was released by the Chinese Ministry of Education. The statement emphasizes the development of students’ key competencies while optimizing the objectives for compulsory education and outlining new demands for a more intense reform of the educational system in order to fulfill the needs of the current era. In order to better support student autonomous learning and overall development, it is imperative to raise reform awareness among the educational community, enhance teachers’ professionalism and instructional skills, and create student-centered learning environments before implementing the revised curriculum program and course standards. In order to add new perspectives to the literature on the new curriculum program and standards and provide implications for teachers and administrators in educational reform, we have focused our interpretation of the document on three dimensions: training objectives, student key competencies, and curriculum and teaching reform. We have also offered some recommendations for its successful implementation.
Two Forms of Humanism: André Malraux and Romain Gary
Authors: Hangouët Jean-François
Published: October 2022

This article purposes to shed a mutual light on André Malraux’s humanism on the one hand, and on Romain Gary’s on the other hand. Our approach consists in juxtaposing their views on some of those faculties which, in the interaction of the living with the world, seem specific to mankind: the collective faculties of fraternity, culture, and science, the metaphysical abilities to ponder death, cosmos, and evolution.Malraux views fraternity as a “virile” instinct that best manifests itself during warfare, and Gary makes it feminine and akin to “universal love”. While Malraux, most classically, opposes culture to nature, Gary, in an original perspective, sees culture as a new “nurturing environment”. Malraux does not believe in science as a metaphysical incentive, but Gary finds its results stimulating. Malraux tends to think (somewhat paradoxically) about “man’s fate” (at an ontological level) through the (sole) metamorphosis of the works of art as produced in the historic period up to his days. In a broader perspective, Gary considers the biological evolution of mankind over geological ages, methodically starting with the late Devonian when lungless creatures crept up from sea to land, and hopefully envisioning the end result of the twenty thousand years to come. Malraux’s cosmos is a rival to mankind, while Gary sees humanity at home in the universe. Malraux is obsessed with individual death to the point of concluding that any meaning assigned to human lives is nothing but aleatory. Gary has faith instead in the “joy of being” during one’s lifetime, and in the continuous progress of humanity as a species.In such mutual lights, it appears that Malraux’s humanism, not unlike the most melancholic currents of romanticism, is tragic indeed, as many critics have already noted: desolate (man is alone) and devastated (devoid of meaning). As to Gary’s humanism, it comes out as relatable to Julian Huxley’s evolutionary humanism, and no longer as desperate as a certain, inexplicably vivacious, academic tradition still claims it to be. By contrast with Malraux’s, it appears to be actually full of consideration for a wide variety of human interests, yearnings and dreams. It is tactfully expressed in a way that stimulates hope. And its fictionalized form is masterly, not only in terms of novel-writing (Gary’s books being so unlike thesis novels) but also in terms of analytical thinking and philosophical foundation.
Two Cinemas: Sierra de Teruel by André Malraux and Birds in Peru by Romain Gary
Authors: Hangouët Jean-François
Published: October 2022

This communication reviews some of the aesthetical and circumstantial characteristics of André Malraux’s only film, Sierra de Teruel (1939), also known as Espoir (Hope, 1945), and of Romain Gary’s first film, Les oiseaux vont mourir au Pérou (Birds in Peru, 1968). As regards Espoir, our observations are based on the 1939 and 1945 versions of the film, now of easy access, and on the abundant and reliable academic literature published about it. Birds in Peru, conversely, is a far lesser-known and lesser-documented work. Screenings of Gary’s film are all too rare indeed nowadays and, but for a few highly specialized references, its appraisal still consists in a short set of irrelevant legends, continually retold by biographers and academics alike despite their blatant discrepancies with historical evidence, with the film itself, and with Gary’s literary works in general. Ours are first-hand observations: in our possession is a release print, which we had digitized and can thus view at will. In addition, we have explored a variety of source materials in cinematographic archives and historical newspapers.Valued either as one of Malraux’s works or as an example of antifascist propaganda, it is lucky that Sierra de Teruel can still be viewed today, despite the political censorship that prevented its release in September 1939 and despite the destruction of all prints but two by the German occupant in France during WWII. Equally fortunate are the facts that moralistic considerations failed to stop the release of Birds in 1968 and that prints of it aren’t all lost. Gary scholars will find food for thought in it, as well as semioticians, Gary’s film being just as allegorical as his contemporary novel The Dance of Genghis Cohn. More generally still, both works, no naïve executions, bring evidence that talented writers can change media effectively. Far from being literal adaptations, their two films narrate free and inspired versions of stories already told in the written form. Their filming style is creative, their technique masterly. Their ease with the cinematographic medium allows them to reemploy and expand devices known to make their personal literary signature. Such as the striking juxtaposition of action and scenery used by Malraux to convey his metaphysics of disjunction between man and nature. Such as the subtle art of immigrating lexical components from other tongues and languages, idiosyncratic to Gary’s novel writing. Even elements of their respective forms of humanism show through their films.
Decision Support Method in the Assessment of Nuclear Knowledge Management using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Grecco Claudio Henrique dos Santos , Viana de Souza Jaqueline Tavares , Rodrigues Carvalho Paulo Victor , Nunes Cosenza Carlos Alberto
Published: October 2022

The knowledge of workers constitute as valuable resources, as they enable organizations to perform their functions successfully. However, there are conditions that favor the loss of this knowledge in organizations, as for example, the natural aging of workers and consequently the retirement and staff turnover. Then, it becomes important for organization to seek the preservation these knowledge. For a successful implementation of Knowledge Management (KM), it is important to identify the barriers or critical factors that affect the success of the KM process.
From the perspective of the nuclear organizations, no systematic framework exists on characterizing a set of critical success factors (CSFs) for implementing KM. Furthermore, the CSFs assessment deals with uncertainty and imprecision of human judgments. In this context, this paper presents a decision support method using CSFs and logic fuzzy to assess the KM in nuclear organizations.  Fuzzy theory is essentially used in mapping quantitative models for decision support and representation methods in imprecise and uncertain environments. The decision support method was applied at the Laboratory of Human-Systems Interfaces of the Nuclear Engineering Institute. The results showed that the method is a good assessment tool for the elaboration of nuclear knowledge management strategies.
Hydrogen as a Nuclear Thermal Rocket Propellant
Authors: Costa Antonella Lombardi , Pedro Augusto Rezende  , João Gabriel Oliveira  , Claubia Pereira  , José Eduardo Mautone
Published: October 2022

Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP) is a successfully developed technology, though it hasn’t been officially used in the propulsion system of an astronautical mission. It is the technology most likely to make long distance journeys in space possible. It is considerably more efficient than the traditional chemical rocket engines, regarding propellant consumption for each unit of thrust generated. The reason for that is the greater number of choices regarding the propellant composition. Therefore, in this work, Hydrogen has been chosen as propellant due to its low molecular mass compared to other possible substances. The main aim is to explain how the propellant molecular mass impacts a rocket performance, and to show, by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations that, indeed, hydrogen seems to be the best choice available among possible nuclear thermal rocket propellants.
Simulation of steady-state and transient loss of cooling accident of a channel in a reactor plate-type fuel element
Authors: Monteiro D. B. , Maiorino J. R.
Published: October 2022

The suitable cooling of fuel elements in a nuclear reactor is an important requirement that must be met to avoid that the fuel temperature rises above the safety limits according to the reactor design. During the reactor operation, there are transients that could lead to a temperature that overcomes these limits, such as those related to the cooling system. The CFD codes are tools that could aid in the understand of the phenomenon during such transients, allowing to access details of the flow that are not possible, or are possible only with limitations, by using other kind of codes or experiments. In the present work, the results obtained using ANSYS-CFXÒ code for the IEA-R1 reactor during a steady state and transient of slow loss of cooling accident event are presented. The results obtained shown a good agreement with experimental data reported and works that used this reactor as case of study. These results are part of a research in which the main objective is to simulate the flow of the coolant in the fuel element channels during transients. These results would support an initial analysis of the flow during the transition from forced to natural convection that occurs when the coolant flow falls below a settled value and the valve on the bottom of the core opens by gravity, aiming to understand better phenomena involved and the limitations of the models available in the ANSYS-CFXÒ code.
The evolution of the nuclear emergency response plan using mechanisms of learning, innovation and communication
Authors: Quadros André Luiz
Published: October 2022

In a modern world, where technological development becomes part of their daily lives, human beings are either consciously or unconsciously submitted to a variety of risks. Considering that any industry generates some type of risk to man or the environment and that to face these risks, it is necessary to develop emergency response plans for those situations, which despite being considered of low probability of occurrence, such as in the thermonuclear electrical energy generation, when they occur, they can have a significant impact on its surroundings. In this sense, this work aimed to identify and analyze the dynamics of preparation and response to possible emergencies in a nuclear power plant, based on the evolutionary change of an emergency plan and, aiming to understand the evolution of these plans, in light of the organizational learning processes, innovation and risk communication. Therefore, the research adopted an exploratory character, seeking evidence in documents, in emergency response planning meetings and in a so-called General Nuclear Emergency Response Exercise, conducting interviews with stakeholders and applying a questionnaire to the population living in the surroundings of the facility. The work also presents a model that facilitates the understanding of the proposed approach and values the importance of participation and cooperation between the actors involved within a perspective with the effective participation of society, confirming, in addition, the importance of the three studied processes, demonstrating that they can be treated and evaluated in an integrated and systematic way.
Molten Salt Reactor thermal-fluid dynamics evaluation using a CFD code for a theoretical power density distribution
Authors: Monteiro Deiglys Borges , Gonçalvez Letícia Caroline , Maiorino José Rubens , Rossi Pedro Carlos Russo
Published: October 2022

The molten salt reactors are a kind of nuclear reactor that had received additional attention worldwide due to their inherent safety features and the possibility of use the Thorium, a more abundant resource than Uranium, as a fuel. Despite of this promise concept and works being developed or under course, some aspects related to their thermal hydraulics should be better understand. In this work, the initial thermal-hydraulics results obtained using the ANSYS-CFXÒ code are presented. The simulations were conducted in 3D for 1/16 of a cylinder volume that represents the molten reactor core. The results show a good agreement for this simplified geometry and for a theoretical power density distribution between the benchmark work and those obtained within this for the temperature. An evaluation for the other properties and for different turbulence models, among others, are planned for future.
The adjoint transport problem applied to estimate neutral particle leakage in the discrete ordinates formulations
Authors: Pérez Curbelo Jesús , Carvalho de Barros Ricardo
Published: October 2022

In source–detector problems, neutron leakage is a quantity of interest that could lead to improve shielding structures, thus reducing the dose received by humans. In this work, we apply an adjoint technique with spectral nodal methods to compute neutron leakage in multigroup one– and two–dimensional problems in the discrete ordinates (SN) formulation. The use of the adjoint technique to calculate the leakages due to various source distributions is very convenient as it is possible to run adjoint problems and store the neutron importance maps. Here we solve the homogeneous adjoint SN transport equation by considering unit outgoing adjoint flux at the boundary. In order to numerically solve slab– and  X, Y–geometry problems, we use spectral nodal methods that have been widely applied and discussed in the literature. Numerical results are given to illustrate the present adjoint technique to estimate the neutron leakage for each energy group in source–detector problems. For all the test problems, the results obtained by the adjoint technique as described in this paper do agree with the results obtained by solving the analogous forward problem.
Methodology for Management and Physicochemical Control of the Cooling Water of the IPR-R1 Triga Nuclear Research Reactor
Authors: Oliveira Marques João Gabriel , Mesquita Amir Zacarias , Lombardi Costa Antonella , Pereira Claubia
Published: October 2022

The IPR-R1 Triga research reactor, located at CDTN (Nuclear Technology Development Center) in Brazil, is one of the oldest reactors in operation worldwide. The Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission (Cnen) has granted a Permit for Permanent Operation license for the CDTN Triga reactor. This authorization includes some conditions to be settled within a period of up to two years, that is, until the end of 2019, which has not yet been carried out and is currently being prepared by CDTN. For this purpose, Project 0006.23 – Maintenance of Licensing of the IPR-R1 Triga Reactor was created in CDTN's Multiannual Program. In this project is included the Subproject: 6.23.3 – Preparation of the system to manage the aging of the IPR-R1 Triga reactor. Inserted in this context, the main objective of this paper is the proposal of good practices to be adopted in the future by CDTN, related to the Projects of Licensing and Aging of Triga reactor, for the management and physicochemical control of its cooling water, considering its electrical conductivity and pH, following IAEA recommendations. So, the present work is relevant, as it addresses a proposal for monitoring and controlling pH and electrical conductivity of the cooling water of Triga reactor. As a result of this proposal, the useful life of Triga reactor may be extended and there will be greater reliability and safety in its operation.
Encapsulated OSB Energy Absorption Potential
Authors: Carvalho Daniel Silva de Mello , Mattar Neto Miguel
Published: October 2022

The transport of radioactive substances is, in many ways, necessary in the context of the nuclear fuel cycle that aims to generate energy or radioisotopes. In the event of a possible accident, the shock-absorbing parts reduce the mechanical stresses on the other components of the transport packaging, since a large part of the kinetic energy is absorbed by the shock absorber. To standardize the design of the research reactor spent fuel assembly transport devices by numerical analysis, a set of dynamic simulations of a benchmark was conducted to representatively capture the phenomena found in the drop tests used in project qualifications. This study aims to present a comparison of different ways of applying wood and wood composites as a useful and accessible impact-absorbing material. The necessary numerical modelling characteristics are validated and the phenomena present in non-isotropic materials are discussed. This study demonstrates the application of material models where energy absorption is the main structural function. In this case, the orientation of the wood fibers became sensitive with an approximate difference of 10% more in the impact absorption potential, without considerable variation in the duration interval of the maximum deceleration.
The Validation Analysis Methodology to Determine the Cadmium, Indium and Impurities Concentration in Nuclear Grade Silver-indium-cadmium Alloys
Authors: Guilherme Costa de Oliveira
Published: October 2022

This work aims optimized to set up and an analytical method for a reliable determination of silver-indium-cadmium alloy constituents and their impurities through the use of ICP OES (Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer). It has greater precision, accuracy, and sensitivity when compared to the traditional methodology. The validation process was carried out according to INMETRO’s (Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia) Analytical Method Validation Guidance.
An Analysis of Scientific Literature Production Related to Radiation Protection and Strategic Environmental Assessment
Authors: Reis Rócio Gloria dos , De Melo Ferreira Ana Cristina
Published: October 2022

Radiation protection is a term applied to concepts, requirements, technologies and operations related to protection of people against the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. Strategic Environmental Assessment is an appropriate environmental impact assessment instrument to establish whether or not a policy, plan or program can be developed and under which conditions. The objective of this work is to demonstrate and evaluate the use of the Strategic Environmental Assessment associated with radiation protection, through the contribution of the scientific community linked to the nuclear area. Therefore, we systematically review the literature using the references of documents stored in the International Nuclear Information System database concerning Strategic Environmental Assessment and Radiation Protection. We also used the two most numerous sets of different types of documents to apply a methodology for qualitative data analysis using a meta-analysis software to infer the importance tendency of themes through the frequency of words. Conclusions pointed out in this research are that it is not possible to relate the production of articles to scientific journals with the production of no other type of scientific or technical literature at the moment. Future studies can check whether the number of reports produced may turn out to be relevant articles or not. And the primordial process by which researchers obtain information about the work of their peers is through articles and we conclude that this number is small.
A Criticality and depletion analysis of the European Lead-Cooled Training Reactor (ELECTRA)
Authors: Pereira Oliveira Ana Luiza , Mello da Silva Clarysson Alberto
Published: October 2022

In this article, a criticality and depletion analysis of the European Lead-Cooled Training Reactor (ELECTRA), a low-power, compact, fast lead-cooled reactor, was performed. The active core model and simulations were made by using the MCNPX code. First, the model is compared with the reference and the influence of the reflector radius on the system is analyzed. Secondly, it was simulated the fuel combustion after 30 years of continuous operation of the ELECTRA, managing to evaluate the transmutation of a reprocessed fuel in a compact lead-cooled reactor.
Computational model for thermohydraulic analysis of an integral pressurized water reactor with mixed oxide fuel (Th, Pu)O2
Authors: Cecilia Betancourt Mariana , Moraes Santos Pedro E , Rojas Mazaira Leorlen Y. , García Hernández Carlos R. , Dominguez Dany S , BRAYNER DE OLIVEIRA LIRA Carlo A , Rosales Garcías Jesús A
Published: October 2022

The use of advanced generation III+ and IV nuclear reactors, and their applications, has become important, seen as a means capable of contributing to the global transition to more sustainable, affordable and reliable energy systems. This technology, which could be integrated into future carbon-free electric power generation systems with high proportions of different renewable energy sources, includes Small Modular Reactors (SMR). There are about 100 different proposed projects of Generation III+ and IV, of which about 50 are SMR concepts, in various stages of development and of different types of technologies. Other important issues for achieving the long-term sustainability of nuclear energy are the proper use of its fuel sources and the improvement of nuclear waste management. Therefore, fuels based on a mixture of oxides have been used successfully in several countries. In addition, the incorporation of thorium-based fuel is a current challenge for the new designs of advanced reactors. The present paper focuses on the analysis of a small modular integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) with Thorium-Uranium Oxide (Th-U MOX) mixtures. A thermohydraulic model is developed using the Ansys CFX program, which allows the calculation of the temperature distribution in the section where the highest power is produced within the SMR IPWR core (critical section). The temperature distributions in the fuel, clad and coolant were calculated with the objective of verifying that they were within the safety limits.
Macroscopic cross section generation with WIMS-ANL for a PWR
Authors: Aruquipa Coloma Wilmer , Patrícia Amélia de Lima Reis  , Clarysson Alberto Mello da Silva  , Claubia Pereira Bezerra Lima
Published: October 2022

Based on the BEAVRS Benchmark (Benchmark for Evaluation And Validation of Reactor Simulations) which contains reference specifications for operational data and measurements for a pressurized water reactor (PWR), it presents a model for obtaining macroscopic cross sections for the different fuels assemblies of BEAVRS using the WIMS-ANL. The microscopic cross section data library used was ENDF/B-VI. For the cross-section calculation method, the multicellular model approach was considered, and the results were compared with other reference works. This methodology aims to validate the model of calculation of the cross sections, and thus, evaluate whether such methodology generates valid results. Also, in this work, the macroscopic cross-sections generated by WIMS were used to simulate the reactor core of a typical PWR in PARCS. All calculations were made for the reactor's Hot Zero Power status and the first cycle of operation.
Evaluation of “Safety Related” and “Important to Safety” terminology for safety classification of nuclear installation items in Brazil
Authors: Brandão Baroni Douglas , Sandrini Borsoi Sad , Pagetti de Oliveira Patrícia , Mattar Neto Miguel , Coelho Maturana Marcos
Published: October 2022

In general terms, safety demonstration of nuclear installations is carried out through an assessment of compliance with design criteria and safety requirements established in national and international codes and standards applicable to each type of installation. In addition, a safety analysis consisting of installation behavior study during its useful lifetime, shall be developed considering normal operating conditions, transients, and postulated accidents, to determine safety margins and verify the adequacy of items designed to prevent accidents or mitigate their consequences. Also, design requirements applicable to each installation item depend on its classification with respect to safety. Thus, safety classification of structures, systems, and components (SSCs) must be performed based on adequate methods and clear and consistent criteria to ensure that an overall safety level expected for the installation is achieved. It is worth emphasizing the importance of the terminology adopted and the understanding of concepts definitions used in a safety classification process. The objective of this paper is to present a review of the application of “safety related item” and “item important to safety” terminology, evaluating definitions and interpretations given by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.NRC) and the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) of Brazil. In this work, this subject is raised to demonstrate that divergent definitions and misinterpretations of concepts may result in inconsistencies in SSCs safety classification.
Analytical solution of the multigroup neutron diffusion equation coupled with an iterative method
Authors: Adilson Costa da Silva  , Martinez Aquilino , Diniz Rodrigo , Gonçalves Alessandro
Published: October 2022

Many numerical methods are being used to solve the multigroup neutron diffusion equation for different types of nuclear reactors. These methods solve this equation quite accurately and determine the neutron flux and power distribution in the reactor as well as the eigenvalue of the reactor core. In this paper, we are proposing the integration of an analytical solution with an iterative method to determine the neutron flux distribution in the reactor and the effective eigenvalue. To do this, we solve the one-dimensional neutron diffusion equation for two energy groups, where the nuclear parameters are uniform in both nuclear fuel and reflector regions. The eigenvalue will be determined from the analytical solution using the power method iteratively until reaching convergence in both flux and eigenvalue. The results obtained in this paper are compared with results obtained from numerical methods used to validate the proposed method.
Risk-based design of electric power systems for non-conventional nuclear facilities at shutdown modes
Authors: Borsoi S. S. , Baroni D. B. , Mattar Neto M , Oliveira P. S. P. , Maturana M. C.
Published: October 2022

The work presents a methodology for assessing the safety of electrical system designs for non-conventional nuclear facilities in shutdown. The methodology adopts the core damage frequency as the main risk measure to assess the different architectures of power systems in a non-conventional nuclear facility. Among the reasons is the absence of a specific regulatory basis for this type of installation. The adoption of standards for nuclear power plants by non-conventional nuclear facilities does not take into account the functional and operational particularities of these installations, imposing criteria that are often overestimated, which can even lead to an increase in the financial risk for carrying out the projects. Safety probabilistic analyzes become essential tools for the facilities design and licensing. The modeling and quantification of systems failures in charge of ensuring the nuclear safety of non-conventional nuclear facilities are carried out in the CAFTA software environment. In these studies, the analysis of electrical system configurations and their influence on the overall risk of the installation stand out.
Licensing Approach Applicable to Land Facilities Supporting Nuclear-Powered Submarines
Authors: Baroni Douglas , Borsoi S , Mattar Neto M , Oliveira P , Maturana M
Published: October 2022

The nuclear licensing process is a fundamental stage for the design and deployment of a nuclear facility. In Brazil, the licensing process of Central Nuclear Almirante Álvaro Alberto (CNAAA) nuclear power plants, in Angra dos Reis - RJ, was established mainly based on the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.NRC) guidelines. However, for each purpose specific requirements are established which promote a standardisation appropriate to the type of installation in question. Thus, not every nuclear installation can be adequately framed in the standards and requirements established for the licensing of a nuclear power plant, especially when considering nuclear facilities for strategic and defense purposes. For instance, the Specialized Maintenance Complex (CME) project that is being developed by the Brazilian Navy and aims to offer all the structure and systems for support on land to the first Brazilian nuclear-powered submarine. Therefore, when considering the interfaces between maritime/naval systems and operations, the purpose and specificity of installations such as CME extrapolate the commonly established nuclear normative framework. Due to the innovation of this type of installation in Brazil, there is no specific regulation for its licensing, constituting a unique situation for both the Brazilian Navy (applicant) and the National Nuclear Energy Commission - CNEN (Brazilian Nuclear Licensing Agency, which, in the near future, will have its function incorporated into the National Nuclear Safety Authority, ANSN). Even when researching standards and other guides in ostensible sources of nations that holds nuclear reactor technology for naval propulsion (and land support facilities), no normative guidance dealing specifically with the safety analysis and licensing of this type of installation has been identified. Thus, this paper proposes a first approach and analysis of the standards used by the U.S. Department of Defense (U.S.DOE) comparing them to the standards of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.NRC) aiming to compose a specific normative proposition to carry out the safety analysis and licensing of a nuclear-powered submarines land support facility.