bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave Theory ~ Social Theory
Authors: Helmreich Stefan
Published: June 2020

This article offers a history of the wave metaphor in social theory, examining how waves became rhetorical forms through which to think about the shape of social change. The wave analytic—“waves of democratization,” “waves of immigration,” “waves of resistance”—wavers between high theory and popular model, between objectivist sociological explanation and hand-waving sociobabble, between vanguardist predictions of social revolution and conservative prognoses of political inevitability, between accountings of formal change and claims about material transubstantiation. The article examines usages in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, arguing that techniques of inscription—graphical, numerical, diagrammatic—have produced formal claims about rising and falling tendencies in the social body. It argues, too, that in such deployments, waves are either (1) overpowering forces of social structuration or (2) signs of the animating effects of world-transforming collective social agencies. The “wave” thus generates questions—and uncertainties—about the relation of structure to agency.
What is the Added Value of Preschool for Poor Children? Long-Term and Intergenerational Impacts and Interactions with an Infant Health Intervention
Authors: Rossin-Slater Maya , Wüst Miriam
Published: June 2020

We study the impact of preschool targeted at children from low-income families over the life cycle and across generations, and examine its interaction with an infant health intervention. Using Danish administrative data with variation in the timing of program implementation over the period 1933–1960, we find lasting benefits of access to preschool on adult educational attainment, earnings, and survival beyond age 65. We also show that children of women exposed to pre-school obtain more education by age 25. However, exposure to a nurse home visiting program in infancy reduces the added value of preschool, implying that the programs serve as partial substitutes. (JEL I12, I18, I21, I26, J13, J24, J31)
Isolation and characterization of a novel bacterial strain from a Tris-Acetate-Phosphate agar medium plate of the green micro-alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that can utilize common environmental pollutants as a carbon source
Authors: Mitra Mautusi , Nguyen Kevin Manoap-Anh-Khoa , Box Taylor Wayland , Gilpin Jesse Scott , Hamby Seth Ryan , Berry Taylor Lynne , Duckett Erin Harper
Published: June 2020

Background: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a green micro-alga can be grown at the lab heterotrophically or photo-heterotrophically in Tris-Phosphate-Acetate (TAP) medium which contains acetate as the sole carbon source. When grown in TAP medium, Chlamydomonas can utilize the exogenous acetate in the medium for gluconeogenesis using the glyoxylate cycle, which is also present in many bacteria and higher plants. A novel bacterial strain, LMJ, was isolated from a contaminated TAP medium plate of Chlamydomonas. We present our work on the isolation and physiological and biochemical characterizations of LMJ.

Methods: Several microbiological tests were conducted to characterize LMJ, including its sensitivity to four antibiotics. We amplified and sequenced partially the 16S rRNA gene of LMJ. We tested if LMJ can utilize cyclic alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, poly-hydroxyalkanoates, and fresh and combusted car motor oil as the sole carbon source on Tris-Phosphate (TP) agar medium plates for growth.

Results: LMJ is a gram-negative rod, oxidase-positive, mesophilic, non-enteric, pigmented, salt-sensitive bacterium. LMJ can ferment glucose, is starch hydrolysis-negative, and is very sensitive to penicillin and chloramphenicol. Preliminary spectrophotometric analyses indicate LMJ produces pyomelanin. NCBI-BLAST analyses of the partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of LMJ showed that it matched to that of an uncultured bacterium clone LIB091_C05_1243. The nearest genus relative of LMJ is an Acidovorax sp. strain. LMJ was able to use alkane hydrocarbons, fresh and combusted car motor oil, poly-hydroxybutyrate, phenanthrene, naphthalene, benzoic acid and phenyl acetate as the sole carbon source for growth on TP-agar medium plates.

Conclusions: LMJ has 99.14% sequence identity with the Acidovorax sp. strain A16OP12 whose genome has not been sequenced yet. LMJ’s ability to use chemicals that are common environmental pollutants makes it a promising candidate for further investigation for its use in bioremediation and, provides us with an incentive to sequence its genome.
On Logic of Strictly-Deontic Modalities. A Semantic and Tableau Approach
Authors: Jarmużek Tomasz , Klonowski Mateusz
Published: June 2020

Standard deontic logic (SDL) is defined on the basis of possible world semantics and is a logic of alethic-deontic modalities rather than deontic modalities alone. The interpretation of the concepts of obligation and permission comes down exclusively to the logical value that a sentence adopts for the accessible deontic alternatives. Here, we set forth a different approach, this being a logic which additionally takes into consideration whether sentences stand in relation to the normative system or to the system of values under which we predicate the deontic qualifications. By taking this aspect into account, we arrive at a logical system which preserves laws proper to a deontic logic but where the standard paradoxes of deontic logic do not arise. It is a logic of strictly-deontic modalities DR.
Technical Note—Robust Newsvendor Games with Ambiguity in Demand Distributions
Authors: Doan Xuan Vinh , Nguyen Tri-Dung
Published: June 2020

Title: Should newsvendors cooperate if the demand distribution is unknown?
Description of Kelypitnus steineri, a minute-sized spider beetle (Coleoptera: Ptinidae) from Madagascar

Authors: PHILIPS THOMAS KEITH , MYNHARDT GLENÉ
Published: June 2020

A new endemic Madagascan genus and species of spider beetle from Toliara Province in southwest Madagascar is described. The genus Kelypitnus gen. nov. is characterized by its small size and dark brownish-black color, a short lateral margin on the pronotum, a concave proventrite, 10-segmented antennae, and the presence of a small, conspicuous raised ring with a central cavity on the first abdominal ventrite in the male. The single species, Kelypitnus steineri sp. nov. is diagnosed, described, and illustrated and compared to the two most similar genera known, Neoptinus Gahan and Pitnus Gorham.  Key words: Kelypitnus, Coleoptera, Ptinidae, new genus, Madagascar, Bostrichoidea, endemic
ANÁLISE ECOLÓGICA DO ENSINO INFANTIL E INTERFACES COM A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Borre Leila Maira , Reverdito Riller Silva
Published: June 2020

O estudo resulta da Inserção Ecológica no contexto do ensino infantil de Cáceres – MT. Propõe-se em analisar esse contexto em seus aspectos pedagógicos e estruturais, o perfil dos professores e as relações destes elementos com os conteúdos da Educação Física. Participaram coordenadoras e/ou diretoras e professores/as pedagogos/as de oito instituições públicas de Educação Infantil. Para obtenção dos dados foram realizadas observações dos espaços e infraestrutura das instituições, diário de campo nas entrevistas com os gestores e aplicação de questionários com os/as professores/as. Os dados foram analisados a partir da análise descritiva e temática. Enquanto conclusões destaca-se a influência das políticas públicas, as limitações nos espaços e infraestrutura das instituições e as fragilidades na formação inicial dos professores/as no que se refere ao trato pedagógico dos conteúdos da Educação Física na Educação Infantil.
A JUDICIALIZAÇÃO DO ACESSO À CRECHE: DESAFIOS PARA UM ATENDIMENTO COM QUALIDADE
Authors: Vieira Juliana Andrade , Rosa Sanny Silva da
Published: June 2020

O artigo apresenta um panorama da judicialização da educação infantil no Brasil, focalizando os casos de vagas em creches municipais, com base em levantamento de estudos e pesquisas realizadas entre 2008 e 2019. Aborda e discute as tensões entre a garantia do direito à educação, prevista na legislação educacional brasileira, e o direito das famílias, dos bebês e das crianças pequenas a um atendimento com qualidade. Apresenta dados parciais de uma pesquisa em andamento sobre a judicialização do acesso em creches públicas do município de Santo André. Dada a complexidade do problema, conclui que embora as reivindicações individuais tenham legitimidade, o problema precisa ser enfrentado com políticas públicas que reconheçam e garantam direitos coletivos arduamente conquistados no Brasil.
Los versos del plano de Saint-Gall.
Authors: Rico Camps Daniel
Published: June 2020

In the debate on the function and nature of the Plan of Saint Gall, very little attention has been paid to the fact that a relevant part of its annotations are verse inscriptions. These are not an insignificant detail of the work, rather one of its most distinctive features, clearly exceptional an architectural drawing. The aim of this article is to elucidate the reasons for their inclusion in the plan and to analyze their main expressive devices.
High-efficiency terahertz wave generation in aperiodically poled lithium niobate by cascaded difference frequency generation
Authors: Li Zhongyang , Sun Xiangqian , Zhang Hongtao , Li Yongjun , Yuan Bin , Jiao Binzhe , Zhao Jia , Tan Lian , Bing Pibin , Wang Zhan , Yao Jianquan
Published: June 2020

In this work, we propose a high-efficiency terahertz (THz) wave-generation approach by cascaded difference frequency generation (CDFG) with an aperiodically poled lithium niobate (APPLN) crystal at cryogenic temperature. The APPLN crystal with desirable poling periods along the crystal length determines phase mismatches of each-order CDFG, resulting in a decrement of phase mismatches in cascaded Stokes processes and an increment of phase mismatches in cascaded anti-Stokes processes simultaneously. This is in contrast with previous works on CDFG, where the THz wave was generated with irreversible phase mismatches in cascaded Stokes and anti-Stokes processes. The variations of phase mismatches enhance the evolution of optical spectra in cascaded Stokes processes and restrain the evolution of optical spectra in cascaded anti-Stokes processes, yielding unprecedented energy efficiencies in excess of 30% from optical waves to THz waves with APPLN. The unprecedented energy efficiencies in this work are theoretical results without THz wave absorption at a temperature of 10 K. Compared with the maximum THz intensity from traditional CDFG using periodically poled lithium niobate, the maximum THz intensities are enhanced by 2.5 and 2.8 times using APPLN with stepwise changing and gradually changing poling periods, respectively.
Degenerate four-wave mixing in the THz regime with standing-wave graphene resonators
Authors: Christopoulos Thomas , Tsilipakos Odysseas , Kriezis Emmanouil E.
Published: June 2020

Graphene is one the most promising two-dimensional materials for functional electromagnetic components. Harnessing graphene’s high third-order nonlinearity, a standing-wave resonant system is proposed that realizes low-power and high-conversion-efficiency degenerate four-wave mixing in the THz regime. The proposed system is analyzed in depth, using a recently developed nonlinear framework based on the perturbation theory and temporal coupled-mode theory, which allows for efficient design, accurate results, and physical insight into the system performance. Following robust design guidelines derived from the developed framework, a clear design path is highlighted, covering two possible realizations of the coupling scheme using one or two waveguides as physical ports. The two systems are compared on the basis of input power and conversion efficiency performance metrics, accurately extracted taking into account all relevant nonlinear phenomena including the nonlinear resonance frequency shifts due to self- and cross-phase modulation in graphene, owing to the Kerr effect. The reported values of 10% conversion efficiency and sub-mW power requirements are highly promising for practical applications, highlighting the potential of graphene-based structures in the far-infrared.
Laser research on the African continent
Authors: von Bergmann Hubertus
Published: June 2020

This paper reviews the history and current state of laser and laser-related research on the African continent. The major laser centers in northern, western, and southern Africa are discussed and their current research activities reviewed. Laser-related networks operating on the continent are introduced, and their impact on the development of laser centers is discussed. Commercial companies involved in laser manufacture are identified, and finally, an outlook on future developments will be attempted.
Polarization-contrast surface plasmon imaging
Authors: Mikhyeyev Yevgeniy , Sabat Ribal Georges
Published: June 2020

Silver-coated Crossed Surface Relief Gratings (CSRGs) are fabricated and used for imaging and detecting localized refractive index variations in inhomogeneous water-based solutions via polarization-contrast Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). When placed in between crossed polarizers, incident light was transmitted at intensity levels directly and precisely related to the local refractive index value. This occurred due to the in-plane polarization conversion of the SPR light in between the orthogonal grating vectors. When viewed with a camera, SPR light from a monochromatic source enabled the acquisition of polarization-contrast microscopy images of a water and silicon oil mixture placed over the CSRG’s surface.
Photonic chirp rates estimator for piecewise linear frequency modulated waveforms based on photonic self-fractional Fourier transform
Authors: Han Guanyu , Li Shangyuan , Xue Xiaoxiao , Zheng Xiaoping
Published: June 2020

This paper reports a photonic chirp rates estimator for the piecewise linear frequency modulated waveforms (PLFMWs). The estimator is based on the photonic self-fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) by utilizing the input PLFMW as the transform kernel. In this way, the self-FrFT operation can be finished with short latency time and the chirp rates of all LFM sub-pulses can be retrieved according to their fractional frequencies. In experiment, the chirp rates estimation of a four-stage PLFMW is performed. The measurement range from −964.47 GHz/µs to 50.76 GHz/µs with resolution of 0.0518 GHz/µs is demonstrated for the experimental system. And the absolute measurement error within ±0.06 GHz/µs and the relative measurement error less than 2% is also obtained.
Low-complexity probabilistic shaping based on bit-weighted distribution matching in DMT-WDM-PON
Authors: Chen Yifan , He Hailian , Zhao Xue , Cao Zhenqi , Zhou Lin , Dong Ze
Published: June 2020

We introduce a novel probabilistic shaping (PS) scheme based on bit-weighted distribution matching (BWDM) into a discrete multi-tone wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (DMT-WDM-PON) employing low-density parity-check-coded 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM). Unlike the prevailing arithmetic coding-class PS schemes with target symbol probability, such as arithmetic distribution matching and constant composition distribution matching, the proposed one realizes Gaussian-like symbol probability distribution emulation merely based on simple bit-class processing, having the advantage of much lower computational complexity. As the key operation in BWDM, the bit weight intervention is implemented in the process of PS-16QAM generation for elevated transmission probability of binary data ‘0’ by cascaded operations of weight bit labelling and bit reconstruction. The experimental results show that, compared with uniformly-distributed signal with the same net rate, significantly-improved receiver power sensitivity and system tolerance to optical fiber nonlinear effect can be obtained in the DMT-WDM-PON system. The proposed PS scheme can be considered as one of promising practical solutions for more available optical network units due to enlarged system power loss budget for the optical distribution network.
Angle-resolved reflection spectra of Dirac cones in triangular-lattice photonic crystal slabs
Authors: Yao Yuanzhao , Kuroda Takashi , Ikeda Naoki , Mano Takaaki , Koyama Hiromi , Sugimoto Yoshimasa , Sakoda Kazuaki
Published: June 2020

The dispersion relation and the angle-resolved reflection spectra of triangular-lattice photonic crystal slabs of the C6v symmetry were examined by the finite element method. The Dirac-cone dispersion relation on the Γ point of the reciprocal space was confirmed. The reflection spectra showed unique selection rules that agreed with the analytical calculation by the k · p perturbation theory. The distortion of the liner dispersion relation of the Dirac cones due to diffraction loss was also reproduced well by the numerical calculation, while we found distortion-free Dirac cones materialized with E2-symmetric modes.
Athermal lithium niobate microresonator
Authors: Ling Jingwei , He Yang , Luo Rui , Li Mingxiao , Liang Hanxiao , Lin Qiang
Published: June 2020

Lithium niobate (LN), possessing wide transparent window, strong electro-optic effect, and large optical nonlinearity, is an ideal material platform for integrated photonics application. Microring resonators are particularly suitable as integrated photonic components, given their flexibility of device engineering and their potential for large-scale integration. However, the susceptibility to temperature fluctuation has become a major challenge for their implementation in a practical environment. Here, we demonstrate an athermal LN microring resonator. By cladding an x-cut LN microring resonator with a thin layer of titanium oxide, we are able to completely eliminate the first-order thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) of cavity resonance right at room temperature (20°C), leaving only a small residual quadratic temperature dependence with a second-order TOC of only 0.37 pm/K2. It corresponds to a temperature-induced resonance wavelength shift within 0.33 nm over a large operating temperature range of (−10 – 50)°C that is one order of magnitude smaller than a bare LN microring resonator. Moreover, the TiO2-cladded LN microring resonator is able to preserve high optical quality, with an intrinsic optical Q of 5.8 × 105 that is only about 11% smaller than that of a bare LN resonator. The flexibility of thermo-optic engineering, high optical quality, and device fabrication compatibility show great promise of athermal LN/TiO2 hybrid devices for practical applications, elevating the potential importance of LN photonic integrated circuits for future communication, sensing, nonlinear and quantum photonics.
Analysis of ancient ceramics using terahertz imaging and photogrammetry
Authors: Mikerov Mikhail , Shrestha Rabi , van Dommelen Peter , Mittleman Daniel M. , Koch Martin
Published: June 2020

Imaging using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for material inspection. However, in the case of samples with inhomogeneous shape and composition, the reliable extraction of spatially varying dielectric properties can be very challenging. Here, we demonstrate a new approach which combines THz-TDS with photogrammetric reconstruction. We show that this technique can be used to estimate the local refractive index of samples with a complex geometry. We employ this method to study samples of ancient pottery, and demonstrate that THz techniques can provide a valuable new tool for this branch of archaeological science.
Second-harmonic computer-generated holographic imaging through monolithic lithium niobate crystal by femtosecond laser micromachining
Authors: Zhu Bing , Liu Haigang , Liu Yi’an , Yan Xiongshuo , Chen Yuping , Chen Xianfeng
Published: June 2020

The computer-generated holography technique is a powerful tool for three-dimensional display, beam shaping, optical tweezers, ultrashort pulse laser parallel processing, and optical encryption. We have realized nonlinear holography in ferroelectric crystals by utilizing spatial light modulators in our previous works. Here, we demonstrate an improved method to realize second-harmonic (SH) holographic imaging through a monolithic lithium niobate crystal based on binary computer-generated holograms (CGHs). The CGH patterns were encoded with the detour phase method and fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining. By the use of the birefringence phase-matching process in the longitudinal direction, bright nonlinear holograms can be obtained in the far-field. The realization of SH holography through monolithic crystal opens wide possibilities in the field of high power laser nonlinear holographic imaging.
Optical modulation in hybrid antiresonant hollow-core fiber infiltrated with vanadium dioxide phase change nanocrystals
Authors: Huang Quandong , Ghimire Indra , Yang Jingyi , Fleer Nathan , Chiang Kin Seng , Wang Yingying , Gao Shoufei , Wang Pu , Banerjee Sarbajit , Lee Ho Wai Howard
Published: June 2020

We present a study of optical modulation by the effect of temperature-induced insulator-to-metal phase transition of vanadium dioxide (

V
O

2

) nanocrystals deposited in an antiresonance hollow-core fiber (AR-HCF). We fabricate such a

V
O

2

-coated fiber by embedding alkylsilane functionalized

V
O

2

nanocrystals into the air holes of an AR-HCF. With this fiber, we achieve an optical loss modulation of

∼

60

%

at a temperature above

∼

53

∘

C

over an ultrabroad spectral range that encompasses the

S

+

C

+

L

band.
Birefringent large-mode-area anti-resonant hollow core fiber in the 1.9  µm wavelength window
Authors: Stępniewski Grzegorz , Dobrakowski Dominik , Pysz Dariusz , Kasztelanic Rafał , Buczyński Ryszard , Klimczak Mariusz
Published: June 2020

We report on the development and characterization of a birefringent large-mode-area anti-resonant silica fiber. The fiber structure is composed of six non-touching capillaries. The birefringence results from the breaking of the circular symmetry of an air core with increasing of the diameters of two capillaries located across the fiber diameter. We depart from earlier designs of polarizing hollow core fibers, in which coupling of the guided modes was intentionally facilitated with the cladding layout. Instead, with the help of numerical simulations, we enhance birefringence in our design by varying the capillary wall thickness between the larger- and smaller-diameter capillary sections of the cladding. The fiber has a large, elliptical core with semi-axes of

∼

55

and 41 µm in diameter, an effective area of the fundamental mode of

1200

µ

m

2

, and a total outer diameter of 127 µm. The cladding is composed of two pairs of smaller capillaries, which are 18 µm in diameter with 1.66 µm thick walls, and two larger capillaries with a 24 µm diameter and 1.14 µm thick walls, located across the diagonal of the fiber. Measured group birefringence over 1820–1920 nm wavelengths is monotonically increasing from

0.4
×

10

−
4

to

2.0
×

10

−
4

, while its phase birefringence is from

5
×

10

−
6

to

1.1
×

10

−
5

. Despite this, the fiber holds polarization with a 12 dB polarization extinction ratio at 1900 nm over a 1.5 m long sample.
Experimental three-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with uncharacterized sources
Authors: Zhou Xing-Yu , Ding Hua-Jian , Zhang Chun-Hui , Li Jian , Zhang Chun-Mei , Wang Qin
Published: June 2020

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) removes all detector side-channel attacks and guarantees a promising way for remote secret keys sharing. Several proof-of-principal experiments have been demonstrated to show its security and practicality. However, these practical implementations demand mostly, for example, perfect state preparation or completely characterized sources to ensure security, which are difficult to realize with prior art. Here, we investigate a three-state MDI-QKD using uncharacterized sources, with the simple requirement that the encoding state is bidimensional, which eliminates security threats from both the source flaws and detection loopholes. As a demonstration, a proof-of-principal experiment over 170 km transmission distance based on Faraday–Michelson interferometers is achieved, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the longest transmission distance recorded under the same security level.
Passively Q-switched Er:Lu2O3 laser with MXene material Ti4N3Tx (T = F, O, or OH) as a saturable absorber
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Li Tao , Qiao Wenchao , Feng Tianli , Feng Cenyang , Zhao Jia , Li Guiqiu , Zhao Shengzhi
Published: June 2020

In this Letter, we report a titanium nitride (

T
i

4

N

3

T

x

) passive

Q

-switched

E
r

:

L
u

2

O

3

laser. The homemade two-dimensional

T
i

4

N

3

T

x

saturable absorber shows excellent passive

Q

-switching performance around a 2.85 µm wavelength region. Under the absorbed pump power of 7.4 W, the passive

Q

-switching laser yields a maximum output power of 0.778 W at a pulse repetition rate of 113.7 kHz, corresponding to a single pulse energy of 6.84 µJ and peak power of  24.57  W.
La descoordinación territorial del desarrollo local: ¿demasiados actores para un mismo territorio? Una aproximación empírica a la realidad de la Comunitat Valenciana
Authors: Calvo Palomares Ricard , Sigalat Signes Enric , Aguado Hernàndez Juli Antoni
Published: June 2020

La descentralización es en sí mismo un proceso complejo que debe ser planificado, convirtiéndose así en una necesidad para el buen funcionamiento de cualquier modelo. Descentralización en ningún caso significa transferir y olvidarse, sino que cualquier proceso en este sentido necesita de un sistema de coordinación entre todos aquellos actores con implicación en la materia, adecuado al territorio y al contexto, ya que si no puede generar efectos negativos. En el presente texto recogemos algunos de los que están afectando en mayor medida al modelo valenciano para el desarrollo local, así como algunos de sus posibles motivos.
La vulnerabilidad sociodemográfica en las intervenciones urbanísticas en centros históricos: el caso de Cartagena
Authors: Pujol Galindo María Dolores , Ramírez Pacheco Gema , Aragonés Beltrán Pablo
Published: June 2020

Diversas corrientes internacionales promulgan la importancia del factor social en la puesta en valor de los centros históricos. Esta puesta en valor no se consigue incorporando sólo actuaciones urbanísticas sino también actuaciones de carácter social y económico. El análisis de las influencias entre continente (centro histórico) y contenido (sus residentes) debe ser un punto prioritario para evitar que nuestros centros históricos sufran procesos de gentrificación que bloqueen la diversidad social. La metodología se basa en parámetros que identifican el perfil social existente y la rentabilidad de la tierra. Los resultados obtenidos corroboran las premisas desarrolladas en el marco teórico: las políticas de intervención urbanas en los centros históricos influyen en el perfil sociodemográfico de las poblaciones de estos entornos.
“I make Mexico at my home”: social media usage, diasporic discourse, and cultural endurance of Mexicans living in Barcelona, Spain
Authors: Ramírez Plascencia David
Published: June 2020

While many works have focused on Mexican migrants living in the United States of America, little attention has been paid to diasporic communities of Mexicans in Europe. The purpose of this article is to understand how social media serves as a link in between Mexicans living in Barcelona, Spain and their homeland, and how these migrants use the virtual spaces not only to share real-world information to improve their daily lives in Spain, but to preserve their cultural identity. Fieldwork consisted in 17 “in situ” semi-structured interviews to Mexicans living in Barcelona, whose ages are between 21- and 60-years during June and July of 2016. Subjects were contacted through a Facebook Group named “Mexicanos en Barcelona” (Mexicans in Barcelona) that has more than 5,000 members. This group is conformed not only by Mexicans living in Barcelona, but it also includes Mexicans in Mexico with the interest of studying, touring or working in the city.
RAPID SURVEYS REVEAL HEALTHY CORAL-SPONGE COMMUNITIES ON KRAKATAU REEFS
Authors: Putra Singgih Afifa
Published: June 2020

The Krakatau Islands in the Sunda Strait have been significantly impacted by catastrophic volcanic eruptions in 1883 and 2018. The marine habitats are not well studied, neither in the past nor in the present. This research is a report on the distribution and ecology of corals and sponges in the Krakatau Volcanic Complex at the three islands of Anak Krakatau, Rakata, and Panjang. This study used 100 m transects long in 5–7 m depth. Hard coral and soft coral communities are found to live with a coverage varied between 25-53% and 0-24%. Dead coral skeletons covered 14–40% of the surveyed area and did not seem to affect the abundance of sponges recorded. The Sponges occupied 0–6% of the area, and they often acted as coral competitors, shaping the benthic ecosystems. The recorded sponges only belong to the Demospongiae class, which are the Suberitid species that are commonly found in Indonesian waters, e.g., Amorphinopsis excavans, Protosuberites collaris, and Terpios sp. The excavating sponge Cliona cf. orientalis was frequently found to be a successful competitor of massive Porites sp., aggressively overgrowing live parts of the coral. Two Haliclona species and Mycale relicta colonized dead coral skeleton. Overall, the benthic communities appear healthy and are comparable to other similar locations that are not affected by volcanic activity.
Protocols to control contamination and strategies to optimize the clinical practice in Restorative Dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jurema Ana Luiza Barbosa , Rocha Rafael Santos , Mailart Mariane Cintra , De Souza Maurício Yugo , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva , Caneppele Taciana Marco Ferraz , Bresciani Eduardo
Published: June 2020

The current outbreak of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) challenges how professional standards have been defined so far. In Dentistry, biosafety measures already taken by professionals have been intensified, aiming to offer the patient urgent and emergency treatment with safety for both. In this context, Restorative Dentistry is responsible for the care of patients with caries injuries, with or without symptoms and, fractures of teeth and existing restorations. This article guides professionals, during the pandemic period, on the risks involved in adult and pediatric dental care for patients with restorative needs. It also discusses strategies to optimize clinical practice, reducing risks of contamination and virus transmission.Keywords  Operative Dentistry; Dentistry; Biosafety; Pandemics; COVID-19.
Assessment of dental care during the covid-19 pandemic in Turkey and future projections
Authors: Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali , Şenel Figen Çizmeci , Özcan Mutlu
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACTA new coronavirus disease has affected the whole world, starting from Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. The disease, caused by the pathogen of SARS-CoV-2, commonly called COVID-19, has soon passed into the history of epidemics as the most effective pandemic recently. Dentistry has also been significantly affected by the pandemic process, which had a restrictive effect on almost all aspects of social life. Dental treatments are healthcare services that have been applied very carefully in terms of the risk control of cross-infection prior to this pandemic where disinfection and sterilization rules continue to be controlled at the highest level. However, hand instruments used in most dental treatments and generating aerosol has raised concerns, particularly in diseases such as COVID-19, which increase the risk of droplet contamination. This working order is an important risk factor not only for healthcare professionals but also for the contamination of patients and the environment. In addition, the continuing pandemic process and the dynamics of the process require revision of the protocols. For this reason, each country has prepared protocols in order to maintain the dental treatments in the pandemic process in accordance with their own health care conditions and policies.This process caused the dental professionals to reconsider their routine working practices and prospectively, new protocols are recommended for dental applications. This article aims to provide a perspective evaluating the current situation and discuss additional measures to be considered during the pandemic and thereafter. KEYWORDSCoronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Pandemic; Dentistry; Infection Control, Transmission.
Al-Muḍārabah Min Wujhat Naẓr al-fiqh wa-Tajribat Bank al-Syarī'ah
Authors: Arief Abd Salam
Published: June 2020

In Indonesian society, mudhārabah is one of sharīah economics systems that have been performed since long time ago in rural society. One example of mudhārabah is that landowners give the authority to other people to manage their lands and to share their crops. In fact, the prophet Muhammad has also done in his time of a such kind mudhārabah system in his society. In doing so, two parts are involved, the investor (shāhih al māl) and the manager of the land (al-mudhārib). Nowadays, mudbārabah is an Islamic economics system that is offered by sharīah banks to attract more customers. In applying this system, mudhārabah can be seen in two ways, as a system and as a product. Mudhārabah as a system is when it is used as guidance by a bank in its transactions. i,e., Partnerships agreement between the owner of the capital and the manager of a business is based on outcomes sharing. Mudbārabah as a product was applied in two ways in sharīah banks, i.e. the bank as the owner of the capital and the bank as the manager of a business. This article illustrates the way that nudhārabah is applied in sharīah banks in the perspective of fiqh.
Expressing Political and Religious Identity: Religion-Science Relations in Indonesian Muslim Thinkers 1970-2014
Authors: Bahri Media Zainul
Published: June 2020

An attractive phenomenon of Indonesian Islam in 1990s era up to the recent time is an emergence of thought battle within Muslim scholars concerning religon and science. From the struggle, various terms have arisen such as: Islamization of knowledge/science, scientification of Islam, objectification of Islam, compatibility, ayatization or ayatisasi (from Arabic āya [verse, sign] i.e. to find the Qur’ānic āya for every single knowledge/science finding), integration, integration-interconnection, and so forth. According to the typology of Ian Barbour, instead of conflict and independence, religion-science relations in Indonesian Islam are always in the position of integration and dialogue. However, this article focuses on how the discourse of religion-science relations is conducted to express Islamic identity and political become more salient and stronger, particularly within Indonesian urban Muslims. Since the pioneers in 1970s to1980s such as Rasjidi, Moenawar Chalil, Buya Hamka and Syekh Kadirun Yahya, then more academic discourse such as the figures of Hidajat Nataatmaja, Kuntowijoyo, Mulyadhi Kartanegara and Amin Abdullah, to very popular writers of ayatisasi, Islamization of science has--at least three main agendas: the politics to strengthening Muslim identities, the spirit against secularist-Western, and apologetic attitudes as part of the theological campaign. This popular phenomenon shows that Islam is not merely regarded as ‘a perfect religion’ in terms of ethics, ritual as well as spiritual, but also it is kind of ‘Islamic revival’, i.e. a politically meaningful term, ‘revival of the ummah in all its aspects’.[Salah satu fenomena menarik islam Indonesia tahun 1990an hingga sekarang adalah perdebatan pendapat diantara ilmuwan muslim terkait hubungan agama dan sains. Dari perdebatan tersebut setidaknya memunculkan istilah seperti islamisasi pengetahuan atau ilmu, ilmuisasi islam, obyektifikasi islam, keserasian, ayatisasi, integrasi, integrasi – interkoneksi, dan lainnya. Berdasarkan tipologi dari Ian Barbour, alih-alih konflik dan independensi, hubungan agama dan sains di muslim Indonesia lebih tepat berada diposisi integrasi dan dialog. Dalam artikel ini fokus tertuju pada bagaimana wacana hubungan agama dan sains sebagai ekspresi identitas politik dan keislaman, khususnya pada muslim perkotaan. Sejak 1970-1980an mulai dikenal nama-nama seperti Rasjidi, Moenawar Chalil, Buya Hamka dan Kadirun Yahya  hingga nama – nama yang lebih akademis seperti Hidajat Nataatmaja, Kuntowijoyo, Mulyadhi Kartanegara dan Amin Abdullah. Setidaknya ada tiga agenda dari gerakan ini yaitu politik penguatan identitas keislaman, semangat melawan sekulerisasi barat dan sikap defensif yang merupakan bagian dari dakwah. Singkatnya, fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa islam tidak hanya sebagai agama yang sempurna secara etis, tapi juga ini bagian dari kebangkitan islam seperti dalam istilah politiknya, kebangkitan islam di segala aspeknya.]
A Tale of Two Royal Cities: The Narratives of Islamists' Intolerance in Yogyakarta and Solo
Authors: Azca Muhammad Najib , Ikhwan Hakimul , Arrobi Mohammad Zaki
Published: June 2020

The article discusses the narratives of “Islamist” intolerance in two cities of Yogyakarta and Solo in the post-Suharto era. It aims to elucidate the multiplicity of intolerance acts and the complexity of underpinning factors to intolerance. It argues that Islamist intolerance has manifested in various forms, ranging from the ideological, instrumental, and symbolic form. However, these categorizations of ideological, instrumental, and symbolic are not clear-cut and permanent one, but there is always some possible overlap between them. There is also the possibility that the form of intolerance can change in different times and occasions. This study is based on fieldwork research taken during 2014-2016 in both cities. Methodologically, this research-based article used Extended Cased Method (ECM). The data was collected by employing indepth interview and participant observation with secondary sources such as local media and government documents.[Tulisan ini membahas narasi Islam intoleran di dua kota, Solo dan Yogyakarta, pasca rezim Soeharto. Selain itu juga menjelaskan sejumlah aksi intoleran dan kompleksitas faktor-faktor yang berkelindan dalam peristiwa tersebut. Tulisan ini mengajukan argumen bahwa Islam intoleran mempunyairagam bentuk, mulai dari ideologis, instrumentalis hingga simbolis. Meskipun demikian, kategori tersebut tidak bersifat kaku dan permanen, tetapi terkadang bersifat saling overlap satu sama lainnya. Ada kemungkinan juga bentuk intoleran berubah seiring dengan perubahan waktu dan kondisi. Kajian ini berdasarkan pada studi lapangan di dua kota pada rentang waktu 2014-2016. Secara metodologi kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Extended Cased Method (ECM). Data dikumpulkan melalui serangkaian wawancara mendalam dan observasi partisipatif dengan didukung data sekunder dari arsip daerah dan sejumlah media surat kabar lokal.]
Registering Muslim Marriages: Penghulu, Modin, and the Struggles for Influence
Authors: Fauzi Muhammad Latif
Published: June 2020

This article deals with the position of penghulu and modin and examines how they struggle for influence in the context of marriage registration. Materials of this article result from my ethnography in a village in East Java in 2017. I did interviews, participant observation and document analysis and applied the “state-in-society” approach to analyse the finding. In this article, I suggest that to maintain their influence, penghulu tend not to present themselves as ulama although their identity as a religious authority is highly important. Instead, penghulu identify themselves as the state agency by materialising their authority to provide state recognition of Muslim marriages into the resource of power. On the other hand, modin play important roles in bridging the relationship between the state and society. Modin find themselves subject to compromise between competing legal orders so that they sometimes need to produce an alternative legal norm to make their intermediary role possible. [Artikel ini mendiskusikan posisi penghulu dan modin serta melihat bagaimana mereka berjuang untuk berebut pengaruh di masyarakat dalam hal pencatatan perkawinan. Bahan-bahan artikel ini diperoleh dari etnografi yang saya lakukan di sebuah desa di Jawa Timur pada tahun 2017. Saya melakukan wawancara, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen serta menggunakan pendekatan “state-in-society” untuk menganalisa temuan lapangan. Saya menyimpulkan bahwa untuk mempertahankan pengaruhnya, penghulu cenderung tidak menampilkan dirinya sebagai ulama meskipun identitas mereka sebagai otoritas agama tetap penting. Sebaliknya, mereka mengidentifikasi diri mereka sebagai agen negara dengan mentransformasi otoritas untuk memberikan pengakuan negara atas perkawinan sebagai sumber kekuasaan. Selain itu, modin memiliki peran penting dalam menjembatani hubungan negara dan masyarakat. Modin berada dalam situasi kompetisi antar norma hukum sehingga terkadang perlu untuk membuat norma hukum alternatif untuk mempertahankan posisi mereka.
SEJARAH KENABIAN DALAM BIBEL DAN AL-QURAN
Authors: NOPRIYANSA EKO
Published: June 2020

ABSTRACT The development of science and science in this era facilitated and assisted researchers and interested in religious studies in carrying out the needs of religious research, but Pro-Counter in religious studies became an interesting spotlight throughout history ranging from intellectuals who tried to present a more compromise approach to scientists who used an approach contradictory, disagreement in explaining various problems in Theology, social fields, religious fields, political fields, historical fields and other fields as vital objects in religious concepts is a big problem when researchers show a very subjective character. This paper attempts an in-depth study in answering various issues and misunderstanding in understanding the values of equality contained in the Biblical and Al-Qur'an texts, especially in discussing the historical perspective which is discussed by the two holy books of Muslims and Christians as the two largest religions in the world. Keywords : Prophetic History, The Bible and the Qur'an,
RESOLUSI KONFLIK AGAMA: PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT PERENIAL
Authors: Asroni Ahmad
Published: June 2020

Abstract: This article offers religious conflict resolution in the perspective of perennial philosophy. Essentially, perennial philosophy provides spaces of respect for religious diversity and plurality. The inner dimension (esoteric) which becomes the point of orientation and foothold of this philosophy enables it to be an instrument to minimize and even reduce conflicts between religious believers. The esoteric dimension offered by perennial philosophy allows all religions to coalesce and unite. Perennial philosophy presupposes that there are many paths to achieving truth, but all of these paths ultimately lead to one point, namely God.
La comunidad local en la valoración del patrimonio rural
Authors: Esteves Matías Jose , Durá-Gúrpide Isabel
Published: June 2020

El estudio de la escuela Francisco Arias de Lavalle (Mendoza, Argentina) abordado desde el patrimonio cultural. Las escuelas rurales mendocinas se presentan como un tema de especial interés, tanto por la dimensión patrimonial de estas construcciones como por la relevancia de su impacto en su contexto de inserción. Se detecta una carencia respecto al estudio y valoración del patrimonio edilicio en zonas rurales de Mendoza que acentúa su actual vulnerabilidad. Es así como se indaga, a partir de un caso de estudio, en la dimensión patrimonial de un edificio de uso cotidiano como la escuela y su potencial como recurso para el desarrollo local y elemento de cohesión en territorios rurales. Para ello, se recurrió al análisis de documentos, observación directa y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados obtenidos señalan la relevancia del patrimonio edificado para una comunidad, no sólo por sus valores materiales sino también como depositario de aspectos simbólicos, y la importancia de considerar a la población local en el estudio, valoración y conservación del patrimonio.
Introducing the flip: A mixed method approach to gauge student and staff perceptions on the introduction of flipped pedagogy in pre-clinical medical education
Authors: Simmons Margaret , Colville Deb , Bullock Shane , Willems Julie , Macado Michelle , McArdle Adelle , Tare Marianne , Kelly Jayden , Taher Mohammad Ali , Middleton Sallyann , Shuttleworth Marion , Reser David
Published: June 2020

Flipped learning has become a popular blended learning approach in higher education and is now being adopted in medical schools across Australia and internationally. There are a number of principal educational justifications for the introduction of this approach, primarily, that it fosters deeper student learning through active engagement in the classroom. As a pedagogical intervention however, what do the various stakeholders think about its introduction? This paper explores reactions to implementation of a flipped learning approach to pre-clinical medical education in a regional Victorian medical course, via a mixed method approach. A range of quantitative and qualitative data was collected concerning the implementation, including a student survey, student focus groups, a staff survey for both academic and professional staff members involved in the implementation of the approach, and an independent student-driven social media questionnaire conducted in the second year post implementation survey. These data provide critical feedback for refinement of the flipped learning approach, including more robust student and faculty development and support during implementation of this pedagogy. Taken together, our results provide a unique perspective of the introduction of the flipped approach through different stakeholder lenses, and over time.
What are the barriers to learners’ satisfaction in MOOCs and what predicts them? The role of age, intention, self-regulation, self-efficacy and motivation
Authors: Rabin Eyal , Henderikx Maartje , Kalman Yoram, M. , Kalz Marco
Published: June 2020

Massive open online course (MOOC) participants face diverse barriers that prevent them from feeling satisfied with participating in online courses. This study identified those barriers and their predictors. Using pre- and post-questionnaires, MOOC participants reported several characteristics and their barriers to satisfaction during the course. Exploratory factor analysis identified three kinds of barriers. The effects of participants´ age, gender, level of self-efficacy, motivation, self-regulated learning skills and the intention to complete the course were used as predictors of those barriers to satisfaction. The barrier lack of interestingness/relevance was predicted by the self-regulation indices of self-evaluation, study-strategy and help-seeking. The barrier lack of time/bad planning was predicted by the self-regulation indices of goal setting, time management and study strategy and by the age of the respondent. The barrier lack of knowledge/technical problem was predicted by the level of self-efficacy, extrinsic motivation and the self-regulation index of time management, as well as by the behavioural intention to complete the course. Furthermore, an index averaging the extent of the barriers was predicted by the self-regulation indices of goal setting and study strategy, the level of self-efficacy and the level of extrinsic motivation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed in order to help MOOC participants, instructors and designers to enhance learner satisfaction.