bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ice core records of levoglucosan and dehydroabietic and vanillic acids from Aurora Peak in Alaska since the 1660s: a proxy signal of biomass-burning activities in the North Pacific Rim
Authors: Pokhrel Ambarish , Kawamura Kimitaka , Kunwar Bhagawati , Ono Kaori , Tsushima Akane , Seki Osamu , Matoba Sumio , Shiraiwa Takayuki
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A 180 m long (343 years) ice core was drilled in the saddle of Aurora Peak
in Alaska (63.52∘ N, 146.54∘ W; elevation: 2825 m) and
studied for biomass-burning tracers. Concentrations of levoglucosan and
dehydroabietic and vanillic acids exhibit multidecadal variability, with
higher spikes in 1678, 1692, 1695, 1716, 1750, 1764, 1756, 1834, 1898,
1913, 1966 and 2005 CE. Historical trends of these compounds showed
enhanced biomass-burning activities in the deciduous broadleaf forests,
boreal conifer forests, and/or tundra woodland and mountain ecosystems before
the 1830s and after the Great Pacific Climate Shift (GPCS). The gradually
elevated level of dehydroabietic acid after the GPCS is similar to
p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HBA) from the Svalbard ice core, suggesting common
climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere. The periodic cycle of
levoglucosan, which seemed to be associated with the Pacific Decadal
Oscillation (PDO), may be more involved with the long-range atmospheric
transport than other species. These compounds showed significant
correlations with global lower-tropospheric temperature anomalies (GLTTAs).
The relations of the biomass-burning tracers with the PDO and GLTTA in this
study suggest that their emission, frequency and deposition are controlled
by the climate-driven forces. In addition, historical trends of
dehydroabietic and vanillic acids (burning products of resin and lignin,
respectively) from our ice core demonstrate the Northern Hemispheric
connections to the common source regions as suggested from other ice core
studies from Svalbard, Akademii Nauk and Tunu Greenland in the Northern
Hemisphere.
Surprising similarities in model and observational aerosol radiative forcing estimates
Authors: Gryspeerdt Edward , Mülmenstädt Johannes , Gettelman Andrew , Malavelle Florent F. , Morrison Hugh , Neubauer David , Partridge Daniel G. , Stier Philip , Takemura Toshihiko , Wang Hailong , Wang Minghuai , Zhang Kai
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The radiative forcing from aerosols (particularly through their interaction with clouds) remains one of the most uncertain components of the human forcing of the climate. Observation-based studies have typically found a smaller aerosol effective radiative forcing than in model simulations and were given preferential weighting in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). With their own sources of uncertainty, it is not clear that observation-based estimates are more reliable. Understanding the source of the model and observational differences is thus vital to reduce uncertainty in the impact of aerosols on the climate. These reported discrepancies arise from the different methods of separating the components of aerosol forcing used in model and observational studies. Applying the observational decomposition to global climate model (GCM) output, the two different lines of evidence are surprisingly similar, with a much better agreement on the magnitude of aerosol impacts on cloud properties. Cloud adjustments remain a significant source of uncertainty, particularly for ice clouds. However, they are consistent with the uncertainty from observation-based methods, with the liquid water path adjustment usually enhancing the Twomey effect by less than 50 %. Depending on different sets of assumptions, this work suggests that model and observation-based estimates could be more equally weighted in future synthesis studies.
Statistical response of middle atmosphere composition to solar proton events in WACCM-D simulations: importance of lower ionospheric chemistry
Authors: Kalakoski Niilo , Verronen Pekka T. , Seppälä Annika , Szeląg Monika E. , Kero Antti , Marsh Daniel R.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric effects of solar proton events (SPE) have been studied for decades, because their drastic impact can be used to test our understanding of upper stratospheric and mesospheric chemistry in the polar cap regions. For example, SPEs cause production of odd hydrogen and odd nitrogen, which leads to depletion of ozone in catalytic reactions, such that the effects are easily observed from satellites during the largest events. Until recently, the complexity of the ion chemistry in the lower ionosphere (i.e. in the D region) has restricted global models to simplified parameterizations of chemical impacts induced by energetic particle precipitation (EPP). Because of this restriction, global models have been unable to correctly reproduce some important effects, such as the increase of mesospheric HNO3 or the changes in chlorine species. Here we use simulations from the WACCM-D model, a variant of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, to study the statistical response of the atmosphere to the 66 largest SPEs that occurred in years 1989–2012. Our model includes a set of D-region ion chemistry, designed for a detailed representation of the atmospheric effects of SPEs and EPP in general. We use superposed epoch analysis to study changes in O3, HOx (OH + HO2), Clx (Cl + ClO), HNO3, NOx (NO + NO2) and H2O. Compared to the standard WACCM which uses an ion chemistry parameterization, WACCM-D produces a larger response in O3 and NOx, weaker response in HOx and introduces changes in HNO3 and Clx. These differences between WACCM and WACCM-D highlight the importance of including ion chemistry reactions in models used to study EPP.
Evidence of vertical coupling: meteorological storm Fabienne on 23 September 2018 and its related effects observed up to the ionosphere
Authors: Koucká Knížová Petra , Podolská Kateřina , Potužníková Kateřina , Kouba Daniel , Mošna Zbyšek , Boška Josef , Kozubek Michal
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A severe meteorological storm system on the frontal border of
cyclone Fabienne passing above central Europe was observed on 23–24 September 2018. Large meteorological systems are considered to be important
sources of the wave-like variability visible/detectable through the
atmosphere and even up to ionospheric heights. Significant departures from
regular courses of atmospheric and ionospheric parameters were detected in
all analyzed datasets through atmospheric heights. Above Europe,
stratospheric temperature and wind significantly changed in coincidence with
fast frontal transition (100–110 km h−1). Zonal wind at 1 and 0.1 hPa
changes from the usual westward before the storm to eastward after the storm. With this
change are connected changes in temperature where at 1 hPa the analyzed area is
colder and at 0.1 hPa warmer. Within ionospheric parameters, we have
detected significant wave-like activity occurring shortly after the cold
front crossed the observational point. During the storm event, both by
Digisonde DPS-4D and continuous Doppler sounding equipment, we have observed
strong horizontal plasma flow shears and time-limited increase plasma flow
in both the northern and western components of ionospheric drift. The vertical component
of plasma flow during the storm event is smaller with respect to
the corresponding values on preceding days. The analyzed event of an exceptionally fast cold front of cyclone Fabienne fell
into the recovery phase of a minor–moderate geomagnetic storm observed as a
negative ionospheric storm at European mid-latitudes. Hence, ionospheric
observations consist both of disturbances induced by moderate geomagnetic
storms and effects originating in convective activity in the troposphere.
Nevertheless, taking into account a significant change in the global circulation
pattern in the stratosphere, we conclude that most of the observed wave-like
oscillations in the ionosphere during the night of 23–24 September can be directly
attributed to the propagation of atmospheric waves launched on the frontal
border (cold front) of cyclone Fabienne. The frontal system acted as an
effective source of atmospheric waves propagating upward up to the
ionosphere.
Bacterial degradation activity in the eastern tropical South Pacific oxygen minimum zone
Authors: Maßmig Marie , Lüdke Jan , Krahmann Gerd , Engel Anja
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) show distinct biogeochemical processes
that relate to microorganisms being able to thrive under low or even absent
oxygen. Microbial degradation of organic matter is expected to be reduced in
OMZs, although quantitative evidence is low. Here, we present heterotrophic
bacterial production (3H leucine incorporation), extracellular enzyme
rates (leucine aminopeptidase/β-glucosidase) and bacterial cell abundance
for various in situ oxygen concentrations in the water column, including the upper
and lower oxycline, of the eastern tropical South Pacific off Peru.
Bacterial heterotrophic activity in the suboxic core of the OMZ (at in situ ≤ 5 µmol O2 kg−1) ranged from 0.3 to 281 µmol C m−3 d−1 and was not significantly lower than in waters of 5–60 µmol O2 kg−1. Moreover, bacterial abundance in the OMZ and leucine
aminopeptidase activity were significantly higher in suboxic waters compared
to waters of 5–60 µmol O2 kg−1, suggesting no impairment of
bacterial organic-matter degradation in the core of the OMZ. Nevertheless,
high cell-specific bacterial production was observed in samples from
oxyclines, and cell-specific extracellular enzyme rates were especially high
at the lower oxycline, corroborating earlier findings of highly active and
distinct micro-aerobic bacterial communities. To assess the impact of
bacterial degradation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for oxygen loss in
the Peruvian OMZ, we compared diapycnal fluxes of oxygen and dissolved
organic carbon (DOC) and their microbial uptake within the upper 60 m of the
water column. Our data indicate low bacterial growth efficiencies of
1 %–21 % at the upper oxycline, resulting in a high bacterial oxygen demand
that can explain up to 33 % of the observed average oxygen loss over
depth. Our study therewith shows that microbial degradation of DOM has a
considerable share in sustaining the OMZ off Peru.
ESD Ideas: Why are glaciations slower than deglaciations?
Authors: Ramadhin Christine , Yi Chuixiang
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Earth's climate during the Quaternary is dominated by short
warm interglacials and longer cold glaciations paced by external forcings
such as changes in insolation. Although not observed in the solar radiation
changes, the time series of the cycles display asymmetry since transitions
to full glacial conditions are slower than the termination of glaciations. Here
an idea is proposed for the slower transition by identifying and describing
two negative sea ice feedbacks dominant during the glaciation process that
could serve as a control on the intermediate stage and decrease the pace of
the process.
Tropical and mid-latitude teleconnections interacting with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall: a theory-guided causal effect network approach
Authors: Di Capua Giorgia , Kretschmer Marlene , Donner Reik V. , van den Hurk Bart , Vellore Ramesh , Krishnan Raghavan , Coumou Dim
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The alternation of active and break phases in Indian summer monsoon
(ISM) rainfall at intraseasonal timescales characterizes each ISM season.
Both tropical and mid-latitude drivers influence this intraseasonal ISM
variability. The circumglobal teleconnection observed in boreal summer
drives intraseasonal variability across the mid-latitudes, and a two-way
interaction between the ISM and the circumglobal teleconnection pattern has
been hypothesized. We use causal discovery algorithms to test the
ISM circumglobal teleconnection hypothesis in a causal framework. A robust
causal link from the circumglobal teleconnection pattern and the North
Atlantic region to ISM rainfall is identified, and we estimate the normalized
causal effect (CE) of this link to be about 0.2 (a 1 standard deviation
shift in the circumglobal teleconnection causes a 0.2 standard deviation
shift in the ISM rainfall 1 week later). The ISM rainfall feeds back on
the circumglobal teleconnection pattern, however weakly. Moreover, we
identify a negative feedback between strong updraft located over India and
the Bay of Bengal and the ISM rainfall acting at a biweekly timescale, with
enhanced ISM rainfall following strong updraft by 1 week. This mechanism
is possibly related to the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. The
updraft has the strongest CE of 0.5, while the Madden–Julian oscillation
variability has a CE of 0.2–0.3. Our results show that most of the ISM
variability on weekly timescales comes from these tropical drivers, though
the mid-latitude teleconnection also exerts a substantial influence.
Identifying these local and remote drivers paves the way for improved
subseasonal forecasts.
ESD Ideas: Global climate response scenarios for IPCC AR6
Authors: Sutton Rowan T. , Hawkins Ed
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Policy making on climate change routinely employs socio-economic scenarios to sample the uncertainty in future forcing of the climate system, but the IPCC has not developed similar discrete scenarios to sample the uncertainty in the global climate response. Here we argue that to enable development of robust policies this gap should be addressed, and we propose a simple methodology.
What could we learn about climate sensitivity from variability in the surface temperature record?
Authors: Annan James Douglas , Hargreaves Julia Catherine , Mauritsen Thorsten , Stevens Bjorn
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We examine what can be learnt about climate sensitivity from variability in the surface air temperature record over the instrumental period, from around 1880 to the present. While many previous studies have used the trend in the time series to constrain equilibrium climate sensitivity, it has also been argued that temporal variability may also be a powerful constraint. We explore this question in the context of a simple widely used energy balance model of the climate system. We consider two recently-proposed summary measures of variability and also show how the full information content can be optimally used in this idealised scenario. We find that the constraint provided by variability is inherently skewed and its power is inversely related to the sensitivity itself, discriminating most strongly between low sensitivity values and weakening substantially for higher values. It is only when the sensitivity is very low that the variability can provide a tight constraint. Our investigations take the form of perfect model experiments, in which we make the optimistic assumption that the model is structurally perfect and all uncertainties (including the true parameter values and nature of internal variability noise) are correctly characterised. Therefore the results might be interpreted as a best case scenario for what we can learn from variability, rather than a realistic estimate of this. In these experiments, we find that for a moderate sensitivity of 2.5 °C, a 150 year time series of pure internal variability will typically support an estimate with a 5–95 % range of around 5 °C (e.g. 1.9–6.8 °C). Total variability including that due to the forced response, as observed in the detrended observational record, can provide a stronger constraint with an equivalent 5–95 % posterior range of around 4 °C (e.g. 1.7–5.6 °C) even when uncertainty in aerosol forcing is considered. Using a statistical summary of variability based on autocorrelation and the magnitude of residuals after detrending proves somewhat less powerful as a constraint than the full time series in both situations. Our results support the analysis of variability as a potentially useful tool in helping to constrain equilibrium climate sensitivity, but suggest caution in the interpretation of precise results.
Database for the kinetics of the gas-phase atmospheric reactions of organic compounds
Authors: McGillen Max R. , Carter William P.L. , Mellouki Abdelwahid , Orlando John J. , Picquet-Varrault Bénédicte , Wallington Timothy J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We present a digital, freely available, searchable and evaluated compilation of rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions of organic compounds with OH, Cl and NO3 radicals and with O3 (McGillen et al., 2019). Although other compilations of much of these data exist, many are out-of-date, most have limited scope, and all are difficult to search and to load completely into a digitized form. This compilation uses results of previous reviews, though many recommendations are updated to incorporate new or omitted data or address errors, and includes recommendations on many reactions that have not been reviewed previously. The database, which incorporates over 50 years of measurements, consists of a total of 2765 recommended bimolecular rate coefficients for the reactions of 1357 organic substances with OH, 709 with Cl, 310 with O3, and 389 with NO3, and is much larger than previous compilations. A large variety of functional groups is present in this database, including naturally occurring chemicals formed in or emitted to the atmosphere and anthropogenic compounds such as halocarbons and their degradation products. Recommendations were made for rate coefficients at 298 K and, where possible, the temperature dependences over the entire range of the available data. The primary motivation behind this project has been to provide a large and thoroughly evaluated training dataset for the development of structure-activity relationships (SARs), whose reliability depends fundamentally upon the availability of high-quality experimental data. However, there are other potential applications of this work, such as research related to atmospheric lifetimes and fates of organic compounds, or modelling gas-phase reactions of organics in various environments. This database is freely accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/36 (McGillen et al., 2019).
Numerical study of the seasonal thermal and gas regimes of the large artificial reservoir in Western Europe using LAKE2.0 model
Authors: Iakunin Maksim , Stepanenko Victor , Salgado Rui , Potes Miguel , Penha Alexandra , Novais Maria Helena , Rodrigues Gonçalo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The Alqueva reservoir (southeast of Portugal) being the largest artificial lake in Western Europe and strategic freshwater supply in the region is of scientific interest in terms of monitoring and maintaining the quality and quantity of water and its impact on the regional climate. To solve these tasks we conducted numerical studies of the thermal and gas regimes in the lake over the period from May 2017 to March 2019, supplemented by the data observed at the weather stations and the floating platforms during the field campaign of the ALOP (ALentejo Observation and Prediction System) project. One-dimensional model LAKE2.0 was used for the numerical studies. Being highly versatile and adjusted to the specific features of the reservoir, this parameterization is capable to simulate its thermodynamic and biogeochemical characteristics. Profiles and time series of water temperature, sensible and latent heat fluxes, concentrations of CO2 and O2 reproduced by the LAKE2.0 model were validated against the observed data and were compared with the thermodynamic simulation results obtained with the FLake model. The results demonstrated that LAKE2.0 model has good ability in capturing the seasonal variations in the water surface temperature and the internal thermal structure of the Alqueva reservoir, and satisfactorily captured the seasonal gas regime.
Single precision arithmetic in ECHAM radiation reduces runtime
and energy consumption
Authors: Cotronei Alessandro , Slawig Thomas
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We converted the radiation part of the atmospheric model ECHAM to single precision arithmetic. We analyzed different conversion strategies and finally used a step by step change of all modules, subroutines and functions. We found out that a small code portion still requires higher precision arithmetic. We generated code that can be easily changed from double to single precision and vice versa, basically using a simple switch in one module. We compared the output of the single precision version in the coarse resolution with observational data and with the original double precision code. The results of both versions are comparable. We extensively tested different parallelization options with respect to the possible performance gain, in both coarse and low resolution. The single precision radiation itself was accelerated by about 40%, whereas the speed-up for the whole ECHAM model using the converted radiation achieved 18% in the best configuration. We further measured the energy consumption, which could also be reduced.
Spatialised flood resilience measurement in rapidly urbanized coastal areas
with complex semi-arid environment in Northern Morocco
Authors: Satour Narjiss , Raji Otmane , El Mocayd Nabil , Kacimi Ilias , Kassou Nadia
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Enhancing resilience is critical for coastal urban systems to cope with and minimize flood disaster risks. Global increases in the frequency of floods is a major concern for many areas in Africa. In this regard, urban planners need increasingly accurate approaches to set up a standard for measuring the resilience to floods. In Morocco, this issue is still not fully covered by the scientific community, despite the obvious need for a new approach adapted to local conditions. Using three northern coastal municipalities, this study applied a composite index and geographic information system approach to measure and map resilience to floods. The approach is also based on a linear ranking of resilience parameters, offering a more optimal classification of spatial resilience variation. The findings allowed to identify specific areas with different resilience levels and revealed the relationship between urban dimensions and the flood resilience degree. This approach provides an efficient decision support tool to facilitate flood risk management especially in terms of prioritization of protective actions.
Pending recovery in the strength of the meridional overturning circulation at 26° N
Authors: Moat Ben I. , Smeed David A. , Frajka-Williams Eleanor , Desbruyères Damien G. , Beaulieu Claudie , Johns William E. , Rayner Darren , Sanchez-Franks Alejandra , Baringer Molly O. , Volkov Denis , Bryden Harry L.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at 26° N has now been continuously measured by the RAPID array over the period Apr 2004–Sept 2018. This record provides unique insight into the variability of the large-scale ocean circulation, previously only measured by sporadic snapshots of basin-wide transports from hydrographic sections. The continuous measurements have unveiled striking variability on timescales of days to a decade, driven largely by wind-forcing, contrasting with previous expectations about a slowly-varying, buoyancy forced large-scale ocean circulation. However, these measurements were primarily observed during a warm state of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) which has been steadily declining since a peak in 2008–2010. In 2013–2015, a period of strong buoyancy-forcing by the atmosphere drove intense watermass transformation in the subpolar North Atlantic and provides a unique opportunity to investigate the response of the large-scale ocean circulation to buoyancy forcing. Modelling studies suggest that the AMOC in the subtropics responds to such events with an increase in overturning transport, after a lag of 3–9 years. At 45° N, observations suggest that the AMOC my already be increasing. We have therefore examined the record of transports at 26° N to see whether the AMOC in the subtropical North Atlantic is now recovering from a previously reported low period commencing in 2009. Comparing the two latitudes, the AMOC at 26° N is higher than its previous low. Extending the record at 26° N with ocean reanalysis from GloSea5, the transport fluctuations follow those at 45° N by 0–2 years, albeit with lower magnitude. Given the short span of time and anticipated delays in the signal from the subpolar to subtropical gyres, it is not yet possible to determine whether the subtropical AMOC strength is recovering.
A protocol for quantifying mono- and polysaccharides in seawater and related saline matrices by electro-dialysis (ED) – combined to HPAEC-PAD
Authors: Zeppenfeld Sebastian , van Pinxteren Manuela , Engel Anja , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: January 2020

Abstract. An optimized method is presented to determine free (DFCHO) and combined monosaccharides (CCHO) in saline matrices, such as oceanic seawater, Arctic ice core samples or brine using a combination between desalination with electro-dialysis and high performance anion exchange chromatography coupled to pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD). Free neutral sugars, such as glucose and galactose, were found with 95–98 % recovery rates. Free amino sugars and uronic acids were strongly depleted during electro-dialysis at pH = 8, but an adjustment of the pH could result in higher recoveries (58–59 % for amino sugars at pH = 11; 45–49 % for uronic acids at pH = 1.5). The applicability of this method for the analysis of CCHO was evaluated with standard solution and real seawater samples compared with another established desalination method using membrane dialysis. DFCHO in real field samples from different regions on earth ranged between 11–118 nM and CCHO between 260–1410 nM. This novel method potentially contributes to a better understanding of biogeochemical processes in the oceans and sea-air transfer processes of organic matter into the atmosphere during further research studies.
Characterisation of subglacial water using a constrained transdimensional Bayesian transient electromagnetic inversion
Authors: Killingbeck Siobhan F. , Booth Adam D. , Livermore Philip W. , Bates C. Richard , West Landis J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Subglacial water modulates glacier-bed friction and therefore is of
fundamental importance when characterising the dynamics of ice masses. The
state of subglacial pore water, whether liquid or frozen, is associated with
differences in electrical resistivity that span several orders of magnitude;
hence, liquid water can be inferred from electrical resistivity depth
profiles. Such profiles can be obtained from inversions of transient
(time-domain) electromagnetic (TEM) soundings, but these are often
non-unique. Here, we adapt an existing Bayesian transdimensional algorithm
(Multimodal Layered Transdimensional Inversion – MuLTI) to the inversion of TEM data using independent depth constraints
to provide statistical properties and uncertainty analysis of the
resistivity profile with depth. The method was applied to ground-based TEM
data acquired on the terminus of the Norwegian glacier, Midtdalsbreen, with
depth constraints provided by co-located ground-penetrating radar data. Our
inversion shows that the glacier bed is directly underlain by material of
resistivity 102 Ωm ± 1000 %, with thickness 5–40 m, in
turn underlain by a highly conductive basement (100 Ωm ± 15 %).
High-resistivity material, 5×104 Ωm ± 25 %,
exists at the front of the glacier. All uncertainties are defined by the
interquartile range of the posterior resistivity distribution. Combining
these resistivity profiles with those from co-located seismic shear-wave
velocity inversions to further reduce ambiguity in the hydrogeological
interpretation of the subsurface, we propose a new 3-D interpretation in
which the Midtdalsbreen subglacial material is partitioned into partially
frozen sediment, frozen sediment/permafrost and weathered/fractured bedrock
with saline water.
Precambrian faulting episodes and insights into the tectonothermal history
of North Australia: Microstructural evidence and K–Ar, 40Ar–39Ar, and
Rb–Sr dating of syntectonic illite from the intracratonic Millungera Basin
Authors: Uysal I. Tonguç , Delle Piane Claudio , Todd Andrew , Zwingmann Horst
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Australian terranes concealed beneath Mesozoic cover record complex Precambrian tectonic histories involving a successive development of several Proterozoic to Paleozoic orogenic systems. This study presents an integrated approach combining K–Ar, 40Ar–39Ar, and Rb–Sr geochronology of Precambrian authigenic illites from the recently discovered Millungera Basin in north-central Australia. Brittle deformation and repeated fault activity are evident from the sampled cores and their microstructures, probably associated with the large-scale faults inferred from interpretations of seismic survey. Rb–Sr isochron, 40Ar–39Ar total gas, and K–Ar ages are largely consistent indicating late Mesoproterozoic and early Proterozoic episodes (~ 1115 ± 26 Ma, ~ 1070 ± 25 Ma, ~ 1040 ± 24 Ma, ~ 1000 ± 23 Ma, and ~ 905 ± 21 Ma) of active tectonics in north-central Australia. K–Ar results show that illites from fault gouges and authigenic matrix illites in undeformed adjacent sandstones precipitated contemporaneously, indicating that advection of tectonically mobilised fluids extended into the undeformed wall rocks above or below the fracture and shear (fault gouge) zones. This study provides insight into the enigmatic time-space distribution of Precambrian tectonic zones in central Australia, which are responsible for the formation of a number of sedimentary basins with significant energy and mineral resources.
Mapping undercover: integrated geoscientific interpretation and 3D modelling of a Proterozoic basin
Authors: Lindsay Mark , Occhipinti Sandra , Laflamme Crystal , Aitken Alan , Ramos Lara
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Gravity and three-dimensional modelling combined with geochemical analysis are used to examine the subsurface within, and below the poorly exposed Paleoproterozoic Yerrida Basin in central Western Australia. Understanding the structure of a region is important as key features indicating past geodynamic processes and tectonic activity can be revealed. However, in stable, post-depositional tectonic settings only the younger sedimentary units tend to be widely exposed rendering direct observation of basement and intrusive rocks impossible. Geophysical imaging and modelling can reveal the structure of a region under cover. High amplitude density anomalies around the basin cannot be reconciled with current geological knowledge in the case presented here. The density anomalies infer an abundance of buried and high-density material that is not indicated by the surface geology. A hypothetical causative source for the high-density anomalies is considered to be intrusion and extrusion of volcanic mafic rocks during rifting of the basin. The simplest and plausible stratigraphic attribution of these interpreted mafic rocks is to the Killara Formation within the Mooloogool Group. However, geochemistry reveals that the Killara Formation is not the only host to mafic rocks within the region. Mafic rocks present in the Juderina Formation have largely been ignored in previous descriptions of Yerrida Basin magmatism and results indicate that they may be far more substantial than once thought. Sulphur isotopic data indicates no Archean signature to the mafic rocks, a somewhat surprising result given the basement to the Basin is Archean Yilgarn Craton. It is proposed the mafic rocks were sourced from vents located to the north along the Goodin Fault or under the Bryah sub-basin and Padbury Basins. The conclusion is that the formation of the Yerrida Basin involves a geodynamic history more complex than previously thought. The utility to the approach described here is examined for application to cratonic sag-basin environments. This result highlights the value in geophysics and geochemistry to reveal complexity in the earlier geodynamic evolution of the basin that may be indiscernible from surface geology, but may have high importance for the tectonic development of the region and its mineral resources.
Clustering wind profile shapes to estimate airborne wind energy production
Authors: Schelbergen Mark , Kalverla Peter C. , Schmehl Roland , Watson Simon J.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems typically harness energy in an altitude range up to 500 m above the ground. To estimate the annual energy production (AEP), measured wind speed statistics close to the ground are commonly extrapolated to higher altitudes, introducing substantial uncertainties. This study proposes a clustering procedure for obtaining wind statistics for an extended height range from reanalysis data or long-term LiDAR measurements that include the vertical variation of the wind speed and direction. K-means clustering is used to identify a set of prevailing wind profile shapes that characterise the wind resource. The methodology is demonstrated using the Dutch Offshore Wind Atlas and LiDAR observations for the locations of the met masts IJmuiden and Cabauw, 85 km off the Dutch coast in the North Sea and in the center of the Netherlands, respectively. The resulting wind profile shapes and the corresponding temporal cycles, wind properties, and atmospheric stability are in good agreement with literature. Finally, it is demonstrated how a set of wind profile shapes and their statistics can be used to estimate the AEP of a pumping AWE system. For four or more clusters, the site specific AEP error is within a few percent of the converged value.
Analysing Deposition and Site Formation Processes in Medieval Cess
Pits Using Bone Fragmentation
Authors: Johnson Emily V. , Forsyth-Magee Hayley , Hogg Ian
Published: January 2020

Signatures of animal bone fragmentation have huge potential for understanding
deposition and archaeological site formation processes, yet they are scarcely
studied, especially in medieval urban contexts. Archaeological investigations at
1–5 Benjamin Street, Farringdon uncovered a number of medieval cess pits
and other contexts associated with the Hospitaller Priory of St John of
Jerusalem. The well-preserved zooarchaeological assemblage from these contexts
was deemed an excellent case study for in-depth bone fragmentation analysis to
both test and display the utility of the method at this type of site.

The analysis revealed that material from the lowest fills of the cess pits
differed from the upper fills in that fragmentation was more intensive. Based on
the size and weight of fragments, and surface modifications related to burning
and taphonomy, we postulate that floor and hearth sweepings were occasionally
deposited in the cess pits whilst they were in use. This material was likely
further fragmented when cess pits were periodically emptied. Faunal specimens in
the upper fills have different fragmentation and taphonomic signatures and more
likely relate to opportunistic refuse deposition or capping after the use of the
cess pits. This analysis shows the archaeological potential of this approach
when aligned with specific research questions concerning deposition.
A Stored-Products Revolution in the 1st Millennium BC
Authors: Bevan Andrew
Published: January 2020

Keeping plants and animals beyond their natural shelf life is a central human challenge, both as a matter of immediate survival and for the social and economic opportunities that stored foods offer. Understanding different food storage and preservation strategies in the past is key to a whole series of other research agendas, but remains challenging, not least because the evidence is patchy and hard to interpret. The paper below joins growing efforts to address this long-established challenge and surveys a host of changes in preservative treatments and food storage facilities across the Mediterranean and temperate Europe during the 1st millennium BC. While in most cases, the observed changes have a deeper prehistoric pedigree, nevertheless their mutually-reinforcing intensification at this time constitutes a real revolution, with far-reaching consequences.
Pedagogia social: epistemologia da esperança no território institucional
Authors: Haddad Sergio , Bays Ingrid
Published: January 2020

A história da infância e da adolescência institucionalizada no Brasil permanece como objeto de estudo de pesquisadores em razão de existirem muitas questões a serem desmistificadas, desmembradas e revisitadas. Do período da Roda dos Expostos até hoje, vigente a Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente de 1990, a institucionalização ainda é um método frequente, mesmo que a legislação a trate como excepcional. O texto defende a possibilidade de trabalhar dentro desses ambientes em perspectiva educacional, apoiando-se na pedagogia social, enquanto teoria e metodologia, e no educador social, enquanto profissional que acompanha as crianças e adolescentes em situação de medida protetiva. Para tanto, apresenta resultados de investigação (em andamento) fundada em pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os temas em questão e que fundamentaram a investigação empírica realizada durante a elaboração da dissertação intitulada “A educação social e a autonomia de adolescentes em medida protetiva: uma concepção freireana no acolhimento institucional”, no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, buscando contribuir para a minimização de danos nesse ambiente institucional por meio da pedagogia social, tendo-a como estratégia e como epistemologia da esperança no território institucional.
Pedagogia da infância no Brasil e na Itália: a criança em contextos interculturais marcados historicamente pelo racismo
Authors: Santiago Flávio , Anacleto de Souza Márcia Lúcia , Goulart de Faria Ana Lúcia
Published: January 2020

Este artigo busca, a partir dos estudos pós-coloniais, da sociologia das relações raciais e de dados de pesquisas bibliográficas acerca das culturas infantis, problematizar a educação das crianças pequenas em contextos históricos e sociais marcados por processos de racialização. Trata-se de inquietações que emergem de pesquisas realizadas em um contexto transnacional Brasil-Itália, preocupadas em compreender o lugar das crianças no debate a respeito de cidadania e direitos, tendo em vista realidades marcadas pela imigração e por históricas relações étnico-raciais que resultam em fenômenos sociais, culturais e políticos pautados na segmentação e segregação social e racial. No contexto italiano, analisa-se a Educação Infantil e os desafios que o movimento migratório das últimas décadas coloca para as creches e pré-escolas, em termos interculturais. No Brasil, retoma-se a trajetória histórica de construção de uma pauta político-educacional que envolva a diversidade cultural e étnico-racial, frente à monoculturalidade, encaminhando perspectivas no campo da interculturalidade. Com base nas análises, pode-se destacar que os efeitos do racismo são semelhantes entre os dois países, pois correspondem a uma forma de estruturação da sociedade, mas com características distintas em sua forma de segregação e hierarquização, colocando um desafio à construção de práticas pedagógicas para a infância nos dois países.
A avaliação da Pós-graduação e a sua relação com a produção científica: dilemas entre a qualidade e a quantidade
Authors: Fávero Altair Alberto , Consaltér Evandro , Tonieto Carina
Published: January 2020

O presente texto é fruto de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo e desenvolve-se a partir da triangulação de fontes bibliográficas e documentais. O método analítico é utilizado para estabelecer o olhar crítico e reflexivo sobre os dados apurados. O objetivo é responder ao seguinte questionamento: Como a avaliação da pós-graduação é influenciada e impactada por processos e indicadores externos à universidade? O texto está estruturado em três seções. Na primeira, discutimos como o produtivismo acadêmico tem impactado a gestão e a organização interna dos programas de pós-graduação. Na segunda seção, procuramos identificar como essa lógica produtivista tem fomentado o mercado das chamadas “revistas predatórias”, que se aproveitam dessa necessidade de publicação dos pesquisadores para lucrar e estabelecer um “mercado de publicações”. Por fim, discutimos a necessidade de um equilíbrio entre qualidade e quantidade com a finalidade de pensar e reforçar a relevância social da pesquisa e a consolidação de políticas de avaliação da pós-graduação que possam garantir essa equidade necessária ao pleno exercício dos pesquisadores. Concluímos que avaliar é um passo importante para o aprimoramento da pós-graduação, no entanto, submetida aos ditames do gerencialismo, produtividade e performatividade produz efeitos nefastos à pesquisa, aos professores/pesquisadores e aos processos formativos.
Qualidade regional revelada pelo Sistema de Acreditação de Cursos Universitários do Mercosul
Authors: Pereira de Souza Marianne , Martins Real Giselle Cristina
Published: January 2020

O trabalho tem como objeto a concepção de qualidade revelada nos resultados do primeiro ciclo do Sistema de Acreditação de Cursos Universitários do Mercosul. A pesquisa documental realizada busca responder ao seguinte problema: o que os resultados do primeiro ciclo revelam sobre a qualidade dos cursos de graduação acreditados pelo Sistema regional? Em síntese, os resultados revelam que a qualidade regional se constitui a partir de parâmetros diversos, e, portanto, não é possível afirmar sobre a existência de um padrão único de qualidade para todos os cursos acreditados e que esteja acima da qualidade nacional dos países integrantes do Sistema. Pode-se inferir que a dimensão política e social da educação não é prioridade na implementação da acreditação regional, processo que teria como prerrogativa a garantia e a melhoria da qualidade. E, considerando o caráter competitivo da acreditação e do seu modelo de avaliação, alguns países acabam optando por cumprir formalmente os critérios estabelecidos no âmbito regional. Nesses casos, a avaliação passa a ser utilizada para reunir os elementos necessários para atingir os possíveis efeitos regulatórios do Sistema, ou seja, o reconhecimento automático de títulos nos países do Mercosul.
Educação Digital no ensino superior em Portugal em contexto de reclusão: o campus virtual Educonline@pris
Authors: Silva Séfora , Moreira José António , Alcoforado Luís
Published: January 2020

A educação é um direito universal e desempenha um papel crucial no desenvolvimento humano, ajudando o indivíduo a construir a sua personalidade e o seu carácter. Mesmo em situação de reclusão os cidadãos possuem os mesmos direitos no acesso à educação, sendo que esta deve ser adequada às exigências das novas configurações da sociedade contemporânea em rede e neste contexto a educação digital pode permitir alcançar estes objetivos. Em Portugal, e no âmbito de um protocolo assinado entre a Universidade Aberta (UAb) e a Direção Geral de Reinserção e Serviços Prisionais (DGRSP) está a ser desenvolvido um projeto-piloto inovador, o Campus Virtual educonline@pris, que tem como principal objetivo promover a educação e a formação em presídios em Portugal. É precisamente, o funcionamento desse Campus Virtual, potencialidades e limitações que pretendemos avaliar, a partir da análise qualitativa das perceções e narrativas de dez estudantes reclusos da UAb. Os resultados revelam, por um lado, que a implementação do Campus teve um impacto muito positivo nos processos pedagógicos desenvolvidos na plataforma de eLearning, quer no acesso online aos recursos digitais e e-atividades de aprendizagem, quer no que diz respeito à possibilidade de aceder às diferentes modalidades de avaliação. Por outro, são destacados os constrangimentos associados à fraca cobertura da rede de internet e as limitações relacionadas com a impossibilidade de comunicar nas salas de aula virtuais com os professores e estudantes da turma, e também a impossibilidade de aceder aos recursos ligados a links externos à plataforma digital, devido às restrições de acesso.
Green Consumer Behavior: Evidence From the Brazil – Uruguay Border Region
Authors: Vieira Pereira Juliana Dachi , Viana João Garibaldi Almeida , Alves Ricardo Ribeiro
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Este artigo teve por objetivo analisar o comportamento de compra do consumidor ecologicamente consciente na fronteira Brasil-Uruguai, dando especial atenção a influência das características sociodemográficas e psicográficas no comportamento do consumidor.Método: A pesquisa teve um caráter descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, por meio da utilização de um survey em uma amostra de 134 consumidores nos municípios de Santana do Livramento (Brasil) e Rivera (Uruguai). As técnicas de análise dos dados utilizadas foram estatística descritiva, teste de hipóteses e regressão linear.Originalidade/Relevância: A preocupação ambiental e o impacto do consumo desordenado nas sociedades são temas de destaque na literatura atual. Neste contexto emerge uma tendência de um comportamento mais consciente pelo consumidor, direcionando as empresas para um mercado sustentável. O desafio dessa nova dinâmica de consumo é descobrir quais fatores levam o consumidor a optar por um produto específico.Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que os respondentes apresentam um comportamento ecologicamente consciente médio-elevado.  Para explicar o comportamento do consumidor verde, os parâmetros dos modelos de regressão indicaram uma maior relevância das características psicográficas em relação às sociodemográficas, com especial importância para a variável de eficácia percebida.  Ainda, as estimações apontaram que quanto mais elevada a consciência ecológica do consumidor, maior será sua intenção de compra por produtos sustentáveis.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Os resultados do estudo podem subsidiar profissionais de marketing no planejamento de campanhas a fim de alcançar o consumidor verde de forma mais efetiva, além de ampliar os esforços de investigação na área do Marketing Ambiental.
Overcoming the contamination and choosing used products
Authors: Costa Júnior Júlio César , Carvalho Filho Paulo Marcelo Bechara , Jerônimo Taciana Barros , Melo Francisco Vicente Sales
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi confirmar a ocorrência do fenômeno da contaminação de um item pelo seu proprietário, em uma perspectiva antropológica. Também, buscou-se investigar a influência deste e de outros elementos, como a consciência no consumo e a renda, sobre a propensão do indivíduo à compra de produtos usados.Relevância: Apesar da popularidade da compra de usados por meio de plataformas virtuais e das consequências positivas para o bem estar do consumidor, as motivações que levam a este comportamento parecem pouco definidas. Outrossim, há barreiras relacionadas à aquisição destes itens que transcendem a racionalidade e lógica quanto ao comportamento de compra.Método: Foi realizada uma investigação quantitativa com survey eletrônico aplicado à amostra do tipo conveniência. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de testes estatísticos descritivos, correlacionais, análise fatorial exploratória, ANOVA de um fator etestes GLM (General Linear Model).Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: As principais contribuições acadêmicas da pesquisa concernem a constatação da existência do fenômeno da contaminação e ao desenvolvimento de um instrumento para mensurar este construto.Resultados: Os resultados encontrados confirmam a existência do fenômeno da contaminação, em uma perspectiva antropológica, e a hipótese genérica de um consumidor maximizador de valor cuja atitude positiva para o consumo consciente não costuma resultar em comportamentos condizentes. No entanto, em desacordo com outras pesquisas, verificou-se que a predisposição à compra de produtos usados não está associada significativamente à renda.