bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utility of 3-Acetyl-6-bromo-2H-chromen-2-one for the Synthesis of New Heterocycles as Potential Antiproliferative Agents
Authors: Gomha Sobhi , Zaki Yasser , Abdelhamid Abdou
Published: December 2015

Coumarin derivatives containing pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and thiazoles were synthesized from 6-bromo-3-(3-(dimethylamino)acryloyl)-2H-chromen-2-one, methyl 2-(1-(6-bromo-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine carbodithioate, 2-(1-(6-bromo-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)ethylidene) hydrazine carbothioamide and each of heterocyclic amine, hydrazonoyl chlorides and hydroximoyl chlorides. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of elemental analysis, spectral data, and alternative synthetic routes whenever possible. Moreover, selected newly synthesized products were evaluated for their antitumor activity against a liver carcinoma cancer cell line (HEPG2-1). The results revealed that pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 7c, thiazole 23g and 1,3,4-thiadiazole 18a (IC50 = 2.70 ± 0.28, 3.50 ± 0.23 and 4.90 ± 0.69 µM, respectively) have promising antitumor activity against liver carcinoma (HEPG2-1) while most of the tested compounds showed moderate activity.
New 1H-Benzo[f]indazole-4,9-diones Conjugated with C-Protected Amino Acids and Other Derivatives: Synthesis and in Vitro Antiproliferative Evaluation
Authors: Molinari Aurora , Oliva Alfonso , Arismendi-Macuer Marlene , Guzmán Leda , Fuentealba Mauricio , Knox Marcela , Vinet Raúl , San Feliciano Arturo
Published: December 2015

1H-Benzo[f]indazole-4,9-dione derivatives conjugated with C-protected amino acids (glycine, l-alanine, l-phenylalanine and l-glutamic acid) 6a–l were prepared by chemically modifying the prenyl substituent of 3-methyl-7-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)-1H-benzo[f]indazole-4,9-dione 2 through epoxidation, degradative oxidation, oxidation and N-acyl condensation reactions. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by analyzing their IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data together with elemental analysis for carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. The preliminary in vitro antiproliferative activity of the synthesized derivatives was evaluated on KATO-III and MCF-7 cell lines using a cell proliferation assay. The majority of the derivatives exhibited significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values ranging from 25.5 to 432.5 μM. These results suggest that 1H-benzo[f]indazole-4,9-dione derivatives are promising molecules to be researched for developing new anticancer agents.
Exploring the Reactivity of Na[W2(μ-Cl)3Cl4(THF)2]∙(THF)3 towards the Polymerization of Selected Cycloolefins
Authors: Saragas Nikolaos , Floros Georgios , Raptopoulos Grigorios , Pitsikalis Marinos , Paraskevopoulou Patrina , Mertis Konstantinos
Published: December 2015

The bimetallic compound Na[W2(μ-Cl)3Cl4(THF)2]·(THF)3 (1, {W 3 W}6+, a′2e′4) is a highly efficient room-temperature initiator for ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene (NBE) and some of its derivatives. In most cases, addition of phenylacetylene (PA) as co-initiator improves the catalytic activity and retains the high cis-stereoselectivity. On the other hand, 1 can polymerize cyclopentadiene (CPD), not via a metathetic, but rather, via a cationic mechanism. Here, we present a comparison of the reactivity of the two catalytic systems (1 and 1/PA) between themselves and with other systems reported in the literature, the characterization of the polymers formed and mechanistic aspects of the corresponding reactions.
Design, Synthesis and Bioactivities of Novel Dichloro-Allyloxy-Phenol-Containing Pyrazole Oxime Derivatives
Authors: Dai Hong , Ye Linyu , Zhuang Huiyang , Dai Baojiang , Fang Yuan , Shi Yujun
Published: December 2015

In this study, in order to find novel biologically active pyrazole oxime compounds, a number of dichloro-allyloxy-phenol-containing pyrazole oximes were designed and synthesized according to the method of active group combination. All of the target compounds were confirmed by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and elemental analysis. In addition, bioassays showed that all of the newly synthesized compounds had no acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus and low insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora at tested concentrations. However, most of them displayed excellent insecticidal activity against Oriental armyworm at a concentration of 500 μg/mL, and some designed compounds still exhibited potent insecticidal activity against Oriental armyworm even at the dose of 20 μg/mL, especially compounds 7f, 7n and 7p had 100%, 90% and 90% inhibition rates, respectively, which were comparable to that of the control pyridalyl.
Chemical Compositions and Insecticidal Activities of Alpinia kwangsiensis Essential Oil against Lasioderma serricorne
Authors: Wu Yan , Zhang Wen-Juan , Huang Dong-Ye , Wang Ying , Wei Jian-Yu , Li Zhi-Hua , Sun Jian-Sheng , Bai Jia-Feng , Tian Zhao-Fu , Wang Ping-Juan , Du Shu-Shan
Published: December 2015

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from Alpinia kwangsiensis rhizomes was investigated by GC-MS. A total of 31 components representing 92.45% of the oil were identified and the main compounds in the oil were found to be camphor (17.59%), eucalyptol (15.16%), β-pinene (11.15%) and α-pinene (10.50%). These four compounds were subsequently isolated and the essential oil and four isolated compounds exhibited potent insecticidal activity against Lasioderma serricorne adults. During the assay, it was shown that the essential oil exhibited both potential contact (LD50 = of 24.59 μg/adult) and fumigant (LC50 = of 9.91 mg/L air) toxicity against Lasioderma serricorne. The study revealed that the insecticidal activity of the essential oil can be attributed to the synergistic effects of its diverse major components, which indicates that oil of Alpinia kwangsiensis and its isolated compounds have potential to be developed into natural insecticides to control insects in stored grains and traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Adherence to Guidelines for Cancer Survivors and Health-Related Quality of Life among Korean Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Song Sihan , Hwang Eunkyung , Moon Hyeong-Gon , Noh Dong-Young , Lee Jung
Published: December 2015

There is limited evidence on the association between adherence to guidelines for cancer survivors and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In a cross-sectional study of Korean breast cancer survivors, we examined whether adherence to the guidelines of the American Cancer Society (ACS) and World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) for cancer survivors was related to levels of HRQoL, assessed by the Korean version of Core 30 (C30) and Breast cancer module 23 (BR23) of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC-QLQ). We included a total of 160 women aged 21 to 79 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer according to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages I to III and had breast cancer surgery at least six months before the interview. Increasing adherence to ACS guidelines was associated with higher scores of social functioning (p for trend = 0.05), whereas increasing adherence to WCRF/AICR recommendations was associated with higher scores of arm symptoms (p for trend = 0.01). These associations were limited to those with stage II or III cancer. Diet may be an important factor in relation to quality of life among Korean breast cancer survivors, however our findings warrant further prospective studies to evaluate whether healthy diet improves survivors’ quality of life.
Genomic Discoveries and Personalized Medicine in Neurological Diseases
Authors: Zhang Li , Hong Huixiao
Published: December 2015

In the past decades, we have witnessed dramatic changes in clinical diagnoses and treatments due to the revolutions of genomics and personalized medicine. Undoubtedly we also met many challenges when we use those advanced technologies in drug discovery and development. In this review, we describe when genomic information is applied in personal healthcare in general. We illustrate some case examples of genomic discoveries and promising personalized medicine applications in the area of neurological disease particular. Available data suggest that individual genomics can be applied to better treat patients in the near future.
Multi-Sensor As-Built Models of Complex Industrial Architectures
Authors: Hullo Jean-François , Thibault Guillaume , Boucheny Christian , Dory Fabien , Mas Arnaud
Published: December 2015

In the context of increased maintenance operations and generational renewal work, a nuclear owner and operator, like Electricité de France (EDF), is invested in the scaling-up of tools and methods of “as-built virtual reality” for whole buildings and large audiences. In this paper, we first present the state of the art of scanning tools and methods used to represent a very complex architecture. Then, we propose a methodology and assess it in a large experiment carried out on the most complex building of a 1300-megawatt power plant, an 11-floor reactor building. We also present several developments that made possible the acquisition, processing and georeferencing of multiple data sources (1000+ 3D laser scans and RGB panoramic, total-station surveying, 2D floor plans and the 3D reconstruction of CAD as-built models). In addition, we introduce new concepts for user interaction with complex architecture, elaborated during the development of an application that allows a painless exploration of the whole dataset by professionals, unfamiliar with such data types. Finally, we discuss the main feedback items from this large experiment, the remaining issues for the generalization of such large-scale surveys and the future technical and scientific challenges in the field of industrial “virtual reality”.
Development of Dense Time Series 30-m Image Products from the Chinese HJ-1A/B Constellation: A Case Study in Zoige Plateau, China
Authors: Bian Jinhu , Li Ainong , Wang Qingfang , Huang Chengquan
Published: December 2015

Time series remote sensing products with both fine spatial and dense temporal resolutions are urgently needed for many earth system studies. The development of small satellite constellations with identical sensors affords novel opportunities to provide such kind of earth observations. In this paper, a new dense time series 30-m image product was proposed respectively based on an 8-day, 16-day and monthly composition. The products were composited by the Charge Coupled Device (CCD) images from the 2-day revisit small satellite constellation for environmental monitoring and disaster mitigation of China (HJ-1A/B). Taking the Zoige plateau in China as a case area where it is covered by highly heterogeneous vegetation landscapes, a detailed methodology was introduced on how to use 183 scenes of CCD images in 2010 to create composite products. The quality of the HJ CCD composites was evaluated by inter-comparison with the monthly 30-m global Web-Enabled Landsat Data (WELD), 16-day 500-m MODIS NDVI, and 8-day 500-m MODIS surface reflectance products. Results showed that the radiometric consistency between HJ and WELD composited Top Of Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance was in good agreement except for May, June, July and August when more clouds and invalid data gaps appeared in WELD. Visual assessment and temporal profile analysis also revealed that HJ possessed better visual effects and temporal coherence than that of WELD. The comparison between HJ and MODIS products indicated that HJ composites were radiometrically consistent with MODIS products over areas consisting of large patches of homogeneous surface types, but can better reflect the detailed spatial differences in regions with heterogeneous landscapes. This paper highlights the potential of compositing HJ-1A/B CCD images, allowing for providing a cloud free, time-space consistent, 30-m spatial resolution, and dense in time series image product. Meanwhile, the proposed products could also be treated as a reference to generate regional or even global composited products for the on-going satellite constellations and even for the forthcoming satellite missions such as Sentinel-2A/B.
Climatic Controls on Spring Onset of the Tibetan Plateau Grasslands from 1982 to 2008
Authors: Zhang Wenjiang , Yi Yonghong , Kimball John , Kim Youngwook , Song Kechao
Published: December 2015

Understanding environmental controls on vegetation spring onset (SO) in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is crucial to diagnosing regional ecosystem responses to climate change. We investigated environmental controls on the SO of the TP grasslands using satellite vegetation index (VI) from the 3rd Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS3g) product, with in situ air temperature (Ta) and precipitation (Prcp) measurement records from 1982 to 2008. The SO was determined using a dynamic threshold method based on a 25% threshold of seasonal VI amplitude. We find that SO shows overall close associations with spring Ta, but is also subject to regulation from spring precipitation. In relatively dry but increasingly wetting (0.50 mm·year−1, p < 0.10) grasslands (mean spring Prcp = 22.8 mm; Ta = −3.27 °C), more precipitation tends to advance SO (−0.146 day·mm−1, p = 0.150) before the mid-1990s, but delays SO (0.110 day·mm−1, p = 0.108) over the latter record attributed to lower solar radiation and cooler temperatures associated with Prcp increases in recent years. In contrast, in relatively humid TP grasslands (73.0 mm; −3.51 °C), more precipitation delays SO (0.036 day·mm−1, p = 0.165) despite regional warming (0.045 °C·year−1, p < 0.05); the SO also shows a delaying response to a standardized drought index (mean R = 0.266), indicating a low energy constraint to vegetation onset. Our results highlight the importance of surface moisture status in regulating the phenological response of alpine grasslands to climate warming.
Designing Climate-Resilient Marine Protected Area Networks by Combining Remotely Sensed Coral Reef Habitat with Coastal Multi-Use Maps
Authors: Maina Joseph , Jones Kendall , Hicks Christina , McClanahan Tim , Watson James , Tuda Arthur , Andréfouët Serge
Published: December 2015

Decision making for the conservation and management of coral reef biodiversity requires an understanding of spatial variability and distribution of reef habitat types. Despite the existence of very high-resolution remote sensing technology for nearly two decades, comprehensive assessment of coral reef habitats at national to regional spatial scales and at very high spatial resolution is still scarce. Here, we develop benthic habitat maps at a sub-national scale by analyzing large multispectral QuickBird imagery dataset covering ~686 km2 of the main shallow coral fringing reef along the southern border with Tanzania (4.68°S, 39.18°E) to the reef end at Malindi, Kenya (3.2°S, 40.1°E). Mapping was conducted with a user approach constrained by ground-truth data, with detailed transect lines from the shore to the fore reef. First, maps were used to evaluate the present management system’s effectiveness at representing habitat diversity. Then, we developed three spatial prioritization scenarios based on differing objectives: (i) minimize lost fishing opportunity; (ii) redistribute fisheries away from currently overfished reefs; and (iii) minimize resource use conflicts. We further constrained the priority area in each prioritization selection scenario based on optionally protecting the least or the most climate exposed locations using a model of exposure to climate stress. We discovered that spatial priorities were very different based on the different objectives and on whether the aim was to protect the least or most climate-exposed habitats. Our analyses provide a spatially explicit foundation for large-scale conservation and management strategies that can account for ecosystem service benefits.
An Adaptive Method of Wave Spectrum Estimation Using X-Band Nautical Radar
Authors: Al-Habashneh Al-Abbass , Moloney Cecilia , Gill Eric , Huang Weimin
Published: December 2015

In this paper, the dependency of wave spectrum estimation on the analysis window orientation for X-band marine radar data is investigated. The investigation is made for the case where both wind wave and swell components are present. Our results show that more accurate and reliable wave spectrum estimates are obtained when one analysis window for each component (wind waves or swell) is used and is oriented in the up-wave direction of that component. The final wave spectrum estimation is found by averaging the output of those analysis windows. Since the direction of wind waves and swell is not known a priori, a new method is proposed to recursively determine the number and orientation of analysis windows. This method is referred to as the Adaptive Recursive Positioning Method (ARPM). For validation, ocean wave spectra are estimated from X-band marine radar field data using the ARPM and the standard method, using uniformly distributed analysis windows. The results from both methods are compared to ground truth wave spectra acquired using waverider buoy data. Results have shown that the ARPM produces a 10% improvement in the agreement (represented by the correlation coefficient) between the ground truth wave spectrum and the marine radar estimated wave spectrum. This improvement is reflected in a 15% to 30% accuracy enhancement in the wave period estimation and 6 ∘ in peak wave direction. The ARPM not only increases the accuracy of wave period and direction estimation, but it also increases the method’s reliability by producing a lower error standard deviation. Although these improvements are at the price of extra computational time, it has been found that this overhead is acceptable since it is far from the upper bound that requires offline analysis.
Validity of Five Satellite-Based Latent Heat Flux Algorithms for Semi-arid Ecosystems
Authors: Feng Fei , Chen Jiquan , Li Xianglan , Yao Yunjun , Liang Shunlin , Liu Meng , Zhang Nannan , Guo Yang , Yu Jian , Sun Minmin
Published: December 2015

Accurate estimation of latent heat flux (LE) is critical in characterizing semiarid ecosystems. Many LE algorithms have been developed during the past few decades. However, the algorithms have not been directly compared, particularly over global semiarid ecosystems. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of five LE models over semiarid ecosystems such as grassland, shrub, and savanna using the Fluxnet dataset of 68 eddy covariance (EC) sites during the period 2000–2009. We also used a modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA) dataset, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Fractional Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) products; the leaf area index (LAI) from the global land surface satellite (GLASS) products; and the digital elevation model (DEM) from shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM30) dataset to generate LE at region scale during the period 2003–2006. The models were the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer LE (MOD16) algorithm, revised remote sensing based Penman–Monteith LE algorithm (RRS), the Priestley–Taylor LE algorithm of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL), the modified satellite-based Priestley–Taylor LE algorithm (MS-PT), and the semi-empirical Penman LE algorithm (UMD). Direct comparison with ground measured LE showed the PT-JPL and MS-PT algorithms had relative high performance over semiarid ecosystems with the coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.6 to 0.8 and root mean squared error (RMSE) of approximately 20 W/m2. Empirical parameters in the structure algorithms of MOD16 and RRS, and calibrated coefficients of the UMD algorithm may be the cause of the reduced performance of these LE algorithms with R2 ranging from 0.5 to 0.7 and RMSE ranging from 20 to 35 W/m2 for MOD16, RRS and UMD. Sensitivity analysis showed that radiation and vegetation terms were the dominating variables affecting LE Fluxes in global semiarid ecosystem.
Colloidal Stability and Magnetic Field-Induced Ordering of Magnetorheological Fluids Studied with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance
Authors: Rodriguez-López Jaime , Castro Pedro , De Vicente Juan , Johannsmann Diethelm , Elvira Luis , Morillas Jose , Montero de Espinosa Francisco
Published: December 2015

This work proposes the use of quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) as a method to analyze and characterize magnetorheological (MR) fluids. QCM devices are sensitive to changes in mass, surface interactions, and viscoelastic properties of the medium contacting its surface. These features make the QCM suitable to study MR fluids and their response to variable environmental conditions. MR fluids change their structure and viscoelastic properties under the action of an external magnetic field, this change being determined by the particle volume fraction, the magnetic field strength, and the presence of thixotropic agents among other factors. In this work, the measurement of the resonance parameters (resonance frequency and dissipation factor) of a QCM are used to analyze the behavior of MR fluids in static conditions (that is, in the absence of external mechanical stresses). The influence of sedimentation under gravity and the application of magnetic fields on the shifts of resonance frequency and dissipation factor were measured and discussed in the frame of the coupled resonance produced by particles touching the QCM surface. Furthermore, the MR-fluid/QCM system has a great potential for the study of high-frequency contact mechanics because the translational and rotational stiffness of the link between the surface and the particles can be tuned by the magnetic field.
Graphene Hybrid Materials in Gas Sensing Applications
Authors: Latif Usman , Dickert Franz
Published: December 2015

Graphene, a two dimensional structure of carbon atoms, has been widely used as a material for gas sensing applications because of its large surface area, excellent conductivity, and ease of functionalization. This article reviews the most recent advances in graphene hybrid materials developed for gas sensing applications. In this review, synthetic approaches to fabricate graphene sensors, the nano structures of hybrid materials, and their sensing mechanism are presented. Future perspectives of this rapidly growing field are also discussed.
Estimation of Human Arm Joints Using Two Wireless Sensors in Robotic Rehabilitation Tasks
Authors: Bertomeu-Motos Arturo , Lledó Luis , Díez Jorge , Catalan Jose , Ezquerro Santiago , Badesa Francisco , Garcia-Aracil Nicolas
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a novel kinematic reconstruction of the human arm chain with five degrees of freedom and the estimation of the shoulder location during rehabilitation therapy assisted by end-effector robotic devices. This algorithm is based on the pseudoinverse of the Jacobian through the acceleration of the upper arm, measured using an accelerometer, and the orientation of the shoulder, estimated with a magnetic angular rate and gravity (MARG) device. The results show a high accuracy in terms of arm joints and shoulder movement with respect to the real arm measured through an optoelectronic system. Furthermore, the range of motion (ROM) of 50 healthy subjects is studied from two different trials, one trying to avoid shoulder movements and the second one forcing them. Moreover, the shoulder movement in the second trial is also estimated accurately. Besides the fact that the posture of the patient can be corrected during the exercise, the therapist could use the presented algorithm as an objective assessment tool. In conclusion, the joints’ estimation enables a better adjustment of the therapy, taking into account the needs of the patient, and consequently, the arm motion improves faster.
A Review of Intelligent Driving Style Analysis Systems and Related Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
Authors: Meiring Gys , Myburgh Hermanus
Published: December 2015

In this paper the various driving style analysis solutions are investigated. An in-depth investigation is performed to identify the relevant machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms utilised in current driver behaviour and driving style analysis systems. This review therefore serves as a trove of information, and will inform the specialist and the student regarding the current state of the art in driver style analysis systems, the application of these systems and the underlying artificial intelligence algorithms applied to these applications. The aim of the investigation is to evaluate the possibilities for unique driver identification utilizing the approaches identified in other driver behaviour studies. It was found that Fuzzy Logic inference systems, Hidden Markov Models and Support Vector Machines consist of promising capabilities to address unique driver identification algorithms if model complexity can be reduced.
Preconcentration and Separation of Mixed-Species Samples Near a Nano-Junction in a Convergent Microchannel
Authors: Chiu Ping-Hsien , Weng Chen-Hsun , Yang Ruey-Jen
Published: December 2015

A fluidic microchip incorporating a convergent microchannel and a Nafion-nanoporous membrane is proposed for the preconcentration and separation of multi-species samples on a single platform. In the device, sample preconcentration is achieved by means of the ion concentration polarization effect induced at the micro/nano interface under the application of an external electric field, while species separation is achieved by exploiting the different electrophoretic mobilities of the sample components. The experimental results show that the device is capable of detecting C-reactive protein (CRP) with an initial concentration as low as 9.50 × 10−6 mg/L given a sufficient preconcentration time and driving voltage. In addition, it is shown that a mixed-species sample consisting of three negatively-charged components (bovine serum albumin (BSA), tetramethylrhodamine(TAMRA) isothiocyanate-Dextran and fluorescent polymer beads) can be separated and preconcentrated within 20 min given a driving voltage of 100 V across 1 cm microchannel in length. In general, the present results confirm the feasibility of the device for the immunoassay or detection of various multi-species samples under low concentration in the biochemical and biomedical fields. The novel device can therefore improve the detection limit of traditional medical facilities.
Calibration Techniques for Accurate Measurements by Underwater Camera Systems
Authors: Shortis Mark
Published: December 2015

Calibration of a camera system is essential to ensure that image measurements result in accurate estimates of locations and dimensions within the object space. In the underwater environment, the calibration must implicitly or explicitly model and compensate for the refractive effects of waterproof housings and the water medium. This paper reviews the different approaches to the calibration of underwater camera systems in theoretical and practical terms. The accuracy, reliability, validation and stability of underwater camera system calibration are also discussed. Samples of results from published reports are provided to demonstrate the range of possible accuracies for the measurements produced by underwater camera systems.
Multi-interface Level Sensors and New Development in Monitoring and Control of Oil Separators
Authors: Bukhari Syed , Yang Wuqiang
Published: December 2015

In the oil industry, huge saving may be made if suitable multi-interface levelmeasurement systems are employed for effectively monitoring crude oil separators andefficient control of their operation. A number of techniques, e.g. externally mounteddisplacers, differential pressure transmitters and capacitance rod devices, have beendeveloped to measure the separation process with gas, oil, water and other components.Because of the unavailability of suitable multi-interface level measurement systems, oilseparators are currently operated by the trial-and-error approach. In this paper someconventional techniques, which have been used for level measurement in industry, and newdevelopment are discussed.
SU-8 Guiding Layer for Love Wave Devices
Authors: Roach Paul , Atherton Shaun , Doy Nicola , McHale Glen , Newton Michael
Published: December 2015

SU-8 is a technologically important photoresist used extensively for thefabrication of microfluidics and MEMS, allowing high aspect ratio structures to beproduced. In this work we report the use of SU-8 as a Love wave sensor guiding layerwhich allows the possibility of integrating a guiding layer with flow cell during fabrication.Devices were fabricated on ST-cut quartz substrates with a single-single finger design suchthat a surface skimming bulk wave (SSBW) at 97.4 MHz was excited. SU-8 polymer layerswere successively built up by spin coating and spectra recorded at each stage; showing afrequency decrease with increasing guiding layer thickness. The insertion loss andfrequency dependence as a function of guiding layer thickness was investigated over thefirst Love wave mode. Mass loading sensitivity of the resultant Love wave devices wasinvestigated by deposition of multiple gold layers. Liquid sensing using these devices wasalso demonstrated; water-glycerol mixtures were used to demonstrate sensing of density-viscosity and the physical adsorption and removal of protein was also assessed usingalbumin and fibrinogen as model proteins.
Profit Distribution in Guaranteed Savings Contracts: Determination Based on the Collar Option Model
Authors: Lee Sanghyo , Tae Sungho , Shin Sungwoo
Published: December 2015

This paper seeks to determine the value of Energy Service Company (ESCO) contracts based on the guaranteed savings contracts, which are relatively widely used among ESCO contract models. A framework is proposed based on the collar option model to qualitatively calculate the profit distribution ratio between energy users and the ESCO. The profit distribution model is defined with the guaranteed and target savings, changes in energy cost reductions, and volatility. The model determines a profit distribution ratio such that the energy user offers the ESCO profits equivalent to the value of the guarantee. The model is evaluated using a case study. The model suggested in this study is expected to resolve previous issues with making decisions based on past experiences, as the profit distribution ratio is determined objectively. Moreover, it is possible to effectively assess various profit structures in guaranteed savings contracts according to changes in the guaranteed and target savings. Ultimately, this model is expected to assist in revitalizing the Korean ESCO market.
Estrada Index of Random Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Shang Yilun
Published: December 2015

The Estrada index of a graph \(G\) of \(n\) vertices is defined by \(EE(G)=\sum_{i=1}^ne^{\lambda_i}\), where \(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\cdots,\lambda_n\) are the eigenvalues of \(G\). In this paper, we give upper and lower bounds of \(EE(G)\) for almost all bipartite graphs by investigating the upper and lower bounds of the spectrum of random matrices. We also formulate an exact estimate of \(EE(G)\) for almost all balanced bipartite graphs.
From Immunodeficiency to Humanization: The Contribution of Mouse Models to Explore HTLV-1 Leukemogenesis
Authors: Pérès Eléonore , Bagdassarian Eugénie , This Sébastien , Villaudy Julien , Rigal Dominique , Gazzolo Louis , Duc Dodon Madeleine
Published: December 2015

The first discovered human retrovirus, Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is responsible for an aggressive form of T cell leukemia/lymphoma. Mouse models recapitulating the leukemogenesis process have been helpful for understanding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this retroviral-induced disease. This review will focus on the recent advances in the generation of immunodeficient and human hemato-lymphoid system mice with a particular emphasis on the development of mouse models for HTLV-1-mediated pathogenesis, their present limitations and the challenges yet to be addressed.
Structure of the Receptor-Binding Carboxy-Terminal Domain of the Bacteriophage T5 L-Shaped Tail Fibre with and without Its Intra-Molecular Chaperone
Authors: Garcia-Doval Carmela , Castón José , Luque Daniel , Granell Meritxell , Otero José , Llamas-Saiz Antonio , Renouard Madalena , Boulanger Pascale , Van Raaij Mark
Published: December 2015

Bacteriophage T5, a Siphovirus belonging to the order Caudovirales, has a flexible, three-fold symmetric tail, to which three L-shaped fibres are attached. These fibres recognize oligo-mannose units on the bacterial cell surface prior to infection and are composed of homotrimers of the pb1 protein. Pb1 has 1396 amino acids, of which the carboxy-terminal 133 residues form a trimeric intra-molecular chaperone that is auto-proteolyzed after correct folding. The structure of a trimer of residues 970–1263 was determined by single anomalous dispersion phasing using incorporated selenomethionine residues and refined at 2.3 Å resolution using crystals grown from native, methionine-containing, protein. The protein inhibits phage infection by competition. The phage-distal receptor-binding domain resembles a bullet, with the walls formed by partially intertwined beta-sheets, conferring stability to the structure. The fold of the domain is novel and the topology unique to the pb1 structure. A site-directed mutant (Ser1264 to Ala), in which auto-proteolysis is impeded, was also produced, crystallized and its 2.5 Å structure solved by molecular replacement. The additional chaperone domain (residues 1263–1396) consists of a central trimeric alpha-helical coiled-coil flanked by a mixed alpha-beta domain. Three long beta-hairpin tentacles, one from each chaperone monomer, extend into long curved grooves of the bullet-shaped domain. The chaperone-containing mutant did not inhibit infection by competition.
Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rhinoviruses and Enteroviruses Highlights Their Diversity in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: L’Huillier Arnaud , Kaiser Laurent , Petty Tom , Kilowoko Mary , Kyungu Esther , Hongoa Philipina , Vieille Gaël , Turin Lara , Genton Blaise , D’Acremont Valérie , Tapparel Caroline
Published: December 2015

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) and enteroviruses (HEVs) belong to the Enterovirus genus and are the most frequent cause of infection worldwide, but data on their molecular epidemiology in Africa are scarce. To understand HRV and HEV molecular epidemiology in this setting, we enrolled febrile pediatric patients participating in a large prospective cohort assessing the causes of fever in Tanzanian children. Naso/oropharyngeal swabs were systematically collected and tested by real-time RT-PCR for HRV and HEV. Viruses from positive samples were sequenced and phylogenetic analyses were then applied to highlight the HRV and HEV types as well as recombinant or divergent strains. Thirty-eight percent (378/1005) of the enrolled children harboured an HRV or HEV infection. Although some types were predominant, many distinct types were co-circulating, including a vaccinal poliovirus, HEV-A71 and HEV-D68. Three HRV-A recombinants were identified: HRV-A36/HRV-A67, HRV-A12/HRV-A67 and HRV-A96/HRV-A61. Four divergent HRV strains were also identified: one HRV-B strain and three HRV-C strains. This is the first prospective study focused on HRV and HEV molecular epidemiology in sub-Saharan Africa. This systematic and thorough large screening with careful clinical data management confirms the wide genomic diversity of these viruses, brings new insights about their evolution and provides data about associated symptoms.
Two Cytoplasmic Acylation Sites and an Adjacent Hydrophobic Residue, but No Other Conserved Amino Acids in the Cytoplasmic Tail of HA from Influenza A Virus Are Crucial for Virus Replication
Authors: Siche Stefanie , Brett Katharina , Möller Lars , Kordyukova Larisa , Mintaev Ramil , Alexeevski Andrei , Veit Michael
Published: December 2015

Recruitment of the matrix protein M1 to the assembly site of the influenza virus is thought to be mediated by interactions with the cytoplasmic tail of hemagglutinin (HA). Based on a comprehensive sequence comparison of all sequences present in the database, we analyzed the effect of mutating conserved residues in the cytosol-facing part of the transmembrane region and cytoplasmic tail of HA (A/WSN/33 (H1N1) strain) on virus replication and morphology of virions. Removal of the two cytoplasmic acylation sites and substitution of a neighboring isoleucine by glutamine prevented rescue of infectious virions. In contrast, a conservative exchange of the same isoleucine, non-conservative exchanges of glycine and glutamine, deletion of the acylation site at the end of the transmembrane region and shifting it into the tail did not affect virus morphology and had only subtle effects on virus growth and on the incorporation of M1 and Ribo-Nucleoprotein Particles (RNPs). Thus, assuming that essential amino acids are conserved between HA subtypes we suggest that, besides the two cytoplasmic acylation sites (including adjacent hydrophobic residues), no other amino acids in the cytoplasmic tail of HA are indispensable for virus assembly and budding.
Dendritic Cells in Oncolytic Virus-Based Anti-Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kim Youra , Clements Derek , Sterea Andra , Jang Hyun , Gujar Shashi , Lee Patrick
Published: December 2015

Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. These tumor-associated DCs thus fail to initiate tumor-specific immunity, and indirectly support tumor progression. Hence, there is increasing interest in identifying interventions that can overturn DC impairment within the TME. Many reports thus far have studied oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses that preferentially target and kill cancer cells, for their capacity to enhance DC-mediated anti-tumor effects. Herein, we describe the general characteristics of DCs, focusing on their role in innate and adaptive immunity in the context of the TME. We also examine how DC-OV interaction affects DC recruitment, OV delivery, and anti-tumor immunity activation. Understanding these roles of DCs in the TME and OV infection is critical in devising strategies to further harness the anti-tumor effects of both DCs and OVs, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of OV-based oncotherapy.
Assessment on Hydrologic Response by Climate Change in the Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand
Authors: Ligaray Mayzonee , Kim Hanna , Sthiannopkao Suthipong , Lee Seungwon , Cho Kyung , Kim Joon
Published: December 2015

The Chao Phraya River in Thailand has been greatly affected by climate change and the occurrence of extreme flood events, hindering its economic development. This study assessed the hydrological responses of the Chao Phraya River basin under several climate sensitivity and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied to simulate the streamflow using meteorological and observed data over a nine-year period from 2003 to 2011. The SWAT model produced an acceptable performance for calibration and validation, yielding Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) values greater than 0.5. Precipitation scenarios yielded streamflow variations that corresponded to the change of rainfall intensity and amount of rainfall, while scenarios with increased air temperatures predicted future water shortages. High CO2 concentration scenarios incorporated plant responses that led to a dramatic increase in streamflow. The greenhouse gas emission scenarios increased the streamflow variations to 6.8%, 41.9%, and 38.4% from the reference period (2003–2011). This study also provided a framework upon which the peak flow can be managed to control the nonpoint sources during wet season. We hope that the future climate scenarios presented in this study could provide predictive information for the river basin.
Modeling Typhoon‐Induced Alterations on River Sediment Transport and Turbidity Based on Dynamic Landslide Inventories: Gaoping River Basin, Taiwan
Authors: Chang Chih‐Hua , Harrison John F. , Huang Yu‐Chi
Published: December 2015

This study examines the impacts of storm‐triggered landslides on downstream sediment and turbidity responses in the Gaoping River Basin, Taiwan using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Attention is given to analyzing the increased and altered baseline of suspended sediment load and turbidity after the disturbances caused by the rainfall and landslides associated with Typhoon Morakot in 2009. SWAT parameters were calibrated by the observed hydrometric data from 1999 to 2003 using the log‐scale root‐mean‐square error (log‐RMSE) and Nash‐Sutcliffe Model Efficiency. Both parameter sets were applied for the simulation of suspended sediment yield and turbidity with annual updated landslide inventories for the period 2004–2012. The landslide updating mirrors the physical land‐cover changes and has slightly improved the model performance, yet landslides alone cannot explain the difference between Morakot‐induced and SWAT‐simulated sediment discharge. The set of parameters calibrated by log‐RMSE can better approximate the increased baseline and typhoon induced alterations. The results show alterations in sediment erosion and transport: (1) drastically increased the turbidity baseline and occurrence of high‐turbidity; (2) altered coefficient and exponent values of the sediment rating curve; and (3) altered relationship between rainfall and induced turbidity during major rainfall events. The research in this study provides an improved modeling approach to typhoon‐induced alterations on river sediment loads and turbidity.
La faculté des sciences Saint-Charles à Marseille : le grand œuvre de Victor Blavette
Authors: Marciano Florence
Published: December 2015

« Die Fakultät der Wissenschaften Saint-Charles in Marseille : das Meisterwerk Victor Bla- vettes ? » von Florence Marciano.

Die 1854 gegründete Marseiller Fakultät der Wissenschaften Saint-Charles musste schon nach zwanzig Jahren mit einem neuen, der wachsenden Anzahl der Studenten angemessenen Gebäude ausgestattet werden. Das erste Projekt, 1883 genehmigt, wurde kaum angefangen aufgegeben, so dass die Stadt Marseille 1895 beschloss, einen nationalen Wettbewerb zu veranstalten, den der Staatsarchitekt Victor Blavette als erster Preisträger gewann. Es wurde der einzige öffentliche Auftrag seiner Karriere. Aus Gründen von Verwaltungsund Geldproblemen musste der Baubeginn bis 1911 immer wieder verschoben werden. Der 1. Weltkrieg unterbrach wiederum den Fortgang der Bautätigkeiten, so dass erst 1922 die Fakultät in ihr neues Gebäude einziehen konnte. Der Artikel untersucht, inwiefern die langwierige Projektausführung den Architekten zu ständigen Änderungen seiner Baupläne zwang. Je nach den drei bekannten Entwürfen 1897, 1902 und 1907 erweist es sich, dass der Architekt die Pläne jedes Mal vereinfacht hat, entweder aus eigener Initiative oder auf Anfrage des Auftraggebers. Der endgültige Bau Victor Blavettes entsprach einer im Umfang verringerten Version seines ursprünglichen Projektes. Der Architekt, der zwar auf den Zentralbau der Services Généraux verzichten musste, errichtete dennoch für die Fakultät der Wissenschaften ein Gebäude, das damals für seine besonders ehrgeizige und moderne Bauausführung weit gelobt wurde.
De la « fresque primitive » au mur « où tout est ornement » : les contributions d'André Lhote à une théorie de l'art mural (1920-1940)
Authors: Bouiller Jean-Roch
Published: December 2015

André Lhote (1885-1962) pratique à plusieurs reprises la peinture murale en tant que peintre mais c'est surtout en tant qu'auteur qu'il définit et défend les vertus de l'art mural et en tant que professeur qu'il encourage ses élèves à y avoir recours. Sa « théorie de l'art mural » apparaît dans ses commentaires sur des œuvres historiques ou contemporaines, dans ses leçons et conseils concrets et dans ses commentaires sur l'architecture de son temps. Il en ressort qu'il voit une forme de continuité entre des formes artistiques primitives et le cubisme. Il défend l'idée d'un « art décoratif», dévoué au mur sur lequel il s'inscrit et s'oppose à l'idée d'architecture nue.
Consommation et environnement
Authors: Giraudel Catherine
Published: December 2015

La dernière chronique consacrée aux produits alimentaires naturels et industriels et à la protection des consommateurs datait de 1995. Le droit de la consommation a été depuis à de nombreuses reprises sous les feux de l'actualité (vache folle et plantes transgéniques notamment). L'analyse des dernières décisions et des textes démontre à nouveau combien ce contentieux est en connexité avec le droit de l'environnement. La première partie de cette chronique, qui porte sur les protections spéciales, s'intéresse notamment aux produits de traitement tels les pesticides, aux produits de qualité spéciale tels ceux issus de l'agriculture biologique, aux biotechnologies et au contentieux relatif à la sécurité des produits. La seconde partie est consacrée aux protections de droit commun avec en particulier, pour la responsabilité pénale, le délit de mise en danger d'autrui qui a été invoqué dans l'affaire de la vache folle et, pour la responsabilité civile, la transposition de la directive du 25 juillet 1985 sur la responsabilité du fait des produits défectueux.
La circulation des véhicules à moteur dans les espaces naturels. Quel bilan après sept ans d'application de la loi Lalonde ? Quelles perspectives d'évolution ?
Authors: Le Meur Soazig
Published: December 2015

La société de la fin du XXe siècle se caractérise par le développement des loisirs participant au bien-être et à l'épanouissement de l'individu. Certains sont parfois difficilement compatibles avec une autre préoccupation sociale contemporaine qui est la protection de la nature. Ainsi en est-il particulièrement de la circulation motorisée de loisir dans les espaces naturels, qui peut générer des nuisances pour l'environnement. Devant l'essor de cette activité dû à l'évolution des techniques et à la quête d'aventure de certains de nos concitoyens, il est apparu essentiel de légiférer afin de préserver les intérêts de tous les usagers du milieu naturel et rural : c'est l'objet de la loi du 3 janvier 1991 relative à la circulation des véhicules terrestres dans les espaces naturels. L'étude rappelle des principales dispositions de la loi et les difficultés d'interprétation rencontrées par le juge. Elle propose ensuite un certain nombre de modifications susceptibles d'améliorer la portée et l'efficacité du texte.
L'animal et le droit : à propos de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'animal
Authors: Babadji Ramdane
Published: December 2015

La Déclaration universelle des droits de l'animal est souvent présentée comme un acte de droit international qui serait le pendant de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme. A l'examen, il n'en est rien ; c'est un acte adopté par une organisation non-gouvernementale. La confusion est néanmoins significative du statut juridique de l'animal. L'examen de son contenu montre que plutôt que d'une déclaration, c'est de deux déclarations qu'il faut parler. Les différences entre le texte de 1 977 et celui de 1989 sont significatives des conceptions de l'animal et de ses rapports avec l'homme. La première, que l'on peut qualifier de pathocentrique, repose sur la nécessité de protéger l'animal en raison de la souffrance qu'il peut ressentir. La seconde, par contre, semble pouvoir être rattachée à l'écologie radicale - deep ecology- qui postule l'indifférenciation entre êtres vivants.