bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal evolution of melt ponds on Arctic sea ice
Authors: Webster Melinda A. , Holland Marika , Wright Nicholas C. , Hendricks Stefan , Hutter Nils , Itkin Polona , Light Bonnie , Linhardt Felix , Perovich Donald K. , Raphael Ian A. , Smith Madison M. , von Albedyll Luisa , Zhang Jinlun
Published: May 2022

Melt ponds on sea ice play an important role in the Arctic climate system. Their presence alters the partitioning of solar radiation: decreasing reflection, increasing absorption and transmission to the ice and ocean, and enhancing melt. The spatiotemporal properties of melt ponds thus modify ice albedo feedbacks and the mass balance of Arctic sea ice. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition presented a valuable opportunity to investigate the seasonal evolution of melt ponds through a rich array of atmosphere-ice-ocean measurements across spatial and temporal scales. In this study, we characterize the seasonal behavior and variability in the snow, surface scattering layer, and melt ponds from spring melt to autumn freeze-up using in situ surveys and auxiliary observations. We compare the results to satellite retrievals and output from two models: the Community Earth System Model (CESM2) and the Marginal Ice Zone Modeling and Assimilation System (MIZMAS). During the melt season, the maximum pond coverage and depth were 21% and 22 ± 13 cm, respectively, with distribution and depth corresponding to surface roughness and ice thickness. Compared to observations, both models overestimate melt pond coverage in summer, with maximum values of approximately 41% (MIZMAS) and 51% (CESM2). This overestimation has important implications for accurately simulating albedo feedbacks. During the observed freeze-up, weather events, including rain on snow, caused high-frequency variability in snow depth, while pond coverage and depth remained relatively constant until continuous freezing ensued. Both models accurately simulate the abrupt cessation of melt ponds during freeze-up, but the dates of freeze-up differ. MIZMAS accurately simulates the observed date of freeze-up, while CESM2 simulates freeze-up one-to-two weeks earlier. This work demonstrates areas that warrant future observation-model synthesis for improving the representation of sea-ice processes and properties, which can aid accurate simulations of albedo feedbacks in a warming climate.
Landfast sea ice in Hudson Bay and James Bay
Authors: Gupta Kaushik , Mukhopadhyay Anirban , Babb David G. , Barber David G. , Ehn Jens K.
Published: May 2022

Through analysis of Canadian Ice Service ice charts, we have characterized the temporal and spatial variability of landfast sea ice (or fast ice) surrounding Hudson Bay and James Bay from 2000 to 2019. Over this 19-year period, we observed contrasting changes in fast-ice persistence between the western and eastern sides of Hudson Bay and James Bay. Fast ice in western Hudson Bay and James Bay trended towards later freeze-up and earlier break-up that resulted in a shortening of the fast-ice season at a rate of 6 days/decade. Contrastingly, eastern Hudson Bay and James Bay showcased relatively earlier freeze-up and delayed break-up, and an overall trend towards a longer fast-ice season at a rate of 8 days/decade. The general trend in air temperature followed a similar spatial pattern to the changing fast-ice persistence; however, the timing of fast-ice break-up did not have a strong relationship with the thawing-degree days during spring. Variations in fast-ice area showed latitudinal and meridional gradients, with greater fast-ice area in eastern Hudson Bay and James Bay compared to the west. Given the overall warming trend in the Arctic, observing areas of decreasing fast-ice persistence is unexpected; however, this study highlights the role of regional factors, such as coastal orientation and bathymetry, in controlling the stability, growth and decay of fast ice.
Prediction of straight tooth milling of Scots pine wood by shank cutter based on neural net computations and regression analysis
Authors: Gu Jiali , Cao Pingxiang
Published: May 2022

Regression models and a neural net approach were used to predict the cutting performance during milling of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) by shank cutter. The influence of rake angle, spindle speed, and milling depth on surface roughness of the workpiece, as well as the connection between the milling force and the surface roughness, were thoroughly considered. Four approaches were used to predict the workpiece’s surface roughness based on the experimental data: Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN), Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and multiple linear regression. The comparative analysis of the predictive models showed that Neural Network (NN) had preferable performance for prediction of machined surface roughness, with an R2 of 0.98. The SVM had certain fluctuations and the R2 of the multiple linear regression was just 0.87, indicating that they did not fit well for prediction machined surface roughness. In summary, the effective trend of milling parameters on the machined surface roughness of Scots pine was similar to multiple nonlinear regression, and the accurate prediction by BPNN model can provide technical support for the surface roughness of the Scots Pine and enhance shank cutter performance.
Radial and among-clonal variations of the stress-wave velocity, wood density, and mechanical properties in 5-year-old Acacia auriculiformis clones
Authors: Duong Doan Van , Schimleck Laurence , Tran Dong Lam , Vo Hai Dai
Published: May 2022

Radial and between-clone variations in stress-wave velocity, air-dry density (AD), and mechanical properties in six clones of 5-year-old Acacia auriculiformis trees planted in Vietnam were investigated. The potential to predict modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) using stress-wave velocity of standing trees (SWVT) or small specimens (SWVS) was also examined. The examined SWVT, SWVS, and wood properties differed significantly among clones, particularly with two (clones 1 and 6) well suited for A. auriculiformis tree breeding programs focusing on lumber production, as they had the highest static bending values and no significant difference in AD between positions near pith and bark. At the specimen level, the best prediction of static bending properties could be achieved when both SWVS and AD were used in a model for calculation of dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEd) in air-dry conditions. Significant correlations between SWVT and average MOE (r = 0.83) and MOR (r = 0.61) of test specimens indicated that the use of stress-wave technique for assessing MOE and MOR for selecting the best A. auriculiformis clones in terms of lumber performance was possible.
In vitro evaluation the toxicity in mixture of glyphosate and methyl metsulfuron against strains of Trichoderma spp
Authors: Ramirez Olier Johana Patricia , Gómez-Berrio Hernán David , Trujillo-Salazar Juan Alberto , Delgado-Gómez Dora Luz , Rivera-Zuleta Claudia Sirley , Rocío Botero Liliana
Published: May 2022

Trichoderma is an antagonist fungus used in agriculture and forestry for the diseases control. The use of the herbicides metsulfuton methyl and glyphosate is a common practice for weed control that limits Trichoderma use. This study has evaluated the toxic effects ofthe herbicides metsulfuron methyl and glyphosate on four strains of fungi of the genus Trichoderma (GRB-HA1, GRB-HA2, GRB-HA8 and GRB-HA9). Poisoned media were prepared with high doses of 25 mL·L-1 of glyphosate + 0.2 g L-1 of metsulfuron methyl (D500) and low doses of 12.5 mL·L-1 of glyphosate + 0.2g L-1 of methyl metsulfuron (D250) to determine the effects on viability. The effects of the exposure time (30-90 min) on the germination of the conidia were determined using suspensions prepared with the mixtures D500 and D250. The results showed the differential sensitivity of the Trichoderma strains that affected the viability of the conidia and mycelial growth
Afectividad de la memoria y de la corporalidad ante la destrucción del patrimonio industrial mexicano
Authors: Alcántara Ceballos Yuzzel
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación entre la destrucción arquitectónica y la memoria corporal de quienes habitaron el lugar antes de ser destruido. Se puntualiza en la manera como el entorno arquitectónico destruido puede influenciar y modificar experiencias colectivas de pertenencia. Se inicia revisando las aproximaciones recientes con las cuales los geógrafos han conceptualizado lo arquitectónico: la Teoría del Actor-Red y la teoría de los afectos, desde las cuales los edificios no son visualizados como objetos inertes sino como objetos que “hacen cosas”. Se reconoce que ambas aproximaciones no han explorado lo suficiente la experiencia corporeizada, el papel de la subjetividad humana ni de los recuerdos y memorias en la mediación de los afectos al contacto con arquitecturas y nohumanos del presente. Mediante el caso de estudio de un área fabril mexicana demolida, se muestra cómo los afectos de los restos materiales (atmósferas de destrucción) son intersectados por otro tipo de afecto que reúne la corporeización de encuentros pasados: el acecho. Co-habitar la post-demolición ha significado demarcar fronteras afectivas como límites mentales-corporales que les posibilita a los habitantes continuar su trabajo emocional afectivo ante el desvanecimiento de memorias y sentimientos de pertenencia.
La psicología ambiental en la investigación e intervención urbana
Authors: Pellicer Isabel , De Jesús Villa Jennifer , Ramírez Vega Catalina
Published: May 2022

El presente texto abre el número 20 de esta nueva edición de la revista académica REVISTARQUIS, monográfico dedicado a la temática de la psicología ambiental. Con esta breve reseña, las editoras invitadas hacemos una pequeña introducción a los contenidos que sustentan el número y argumentamos el orden de las diversas aportaciones para dar la mejor lectura a quienes se interesan en conocer este especial monográfico de la psicología ambiental.
Especies de árboles vedadas en la Sede Rodrigo Facio de la Universidad de Costa Rica: propuesta paisajística para su conservación
Authors: Flores Laura Chaverri , Chaves Hernández Guillermo
Published: May 2022

En el mundo existe una latente pérdida de especies arbóreas que afecta a los ecosistemas. En Costa Rica, los decretos de veda que prohíben la explotación de algunas especies de árboles son las primeras acciones tomadas por el Estado para tratar de salvarlos de su posible extinción. El objetivo general de este artículo es analizar las especies vedadas en Costa Rica ubicadas en la Sede Rodrigo Facio. Metodológicamente, se realizó un inventario en esta sede con la identificación de todos los árboles nativos y su respectiva ubicación espacial en planos, incluyendo las especies vedadas. Se elaboró un análisis para cada una de estas especies, a partir de la legislación, los antecedentes y fuentes bibliográficas. Como resultados encontrados, de las dieciocho especies de árboles vedadas, seis se ubican en este Campus: cinco están clasificadas en peligro crítico, y una como especie vulnerable. Se elaboró un mapa con su respectiva ubicación, y se brindaron recomendaciones de manejo paisajístico. Se realizó un análisis de cada especie según la importancia ecológica, fenología, características de diseño y uso que se le da en la universidad, así como un mapa de dichas especies con su distribución natural en las regiones botánicas de Costa Rica. Se concluye que estos árboles son parte del patrimonio natural universitario, en donde se debe promover la difusión de su importancia, así como un plan paisajístico de protección. El estudio de estas especies se vuelve fundamental para la toma de decisiones desde la planificación territorial tanto de laUniversidad como del país.
Nous en mieux. Le grand projet culturel au service de la (pré)figuration du territoire
Authors:   Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgique, Garcia Guillen Emilie
Published: May 2022

Cet article vise à montrer comment un projet de grand équipement culturel public, en l’occurrence une grande médiathèque, est mobilisé par la métropole porteuse du projet pour « faire territoire ». Comment fait-on territoire, et plus précisément comment fait-on métropole par la culture ? Après avoir présenté brièvement le projet en question et le contexte de la recherche, je préciserai les contours de la notion de « territoire », telle que l’étude de la conception de la grande médiathèque permet de le saisir. J’explorerai dans un second temps la manière dont le projet culturel est mis au service de la construction du territoire. En guise de conclusion, j’aborderai plus particulièrement les liens entre projet culturel, territoire et temporalité : comment la grande médiathèque fait-elle figure d’opérateur de liaison dans une histoire territoriale ?
Considerations regarding the meaning of toponym Făgăraș
Authors:   Department of Geography, ’Alexandru Ioan Cuza’ University of Iași, Romania, Boamfă Ionel , Ungureanu Alexandru ,   Department of Geography, ’Alexandru Ioan Cuza’ University of Iași, Romania
Published: May 2022

The article highlights opinions about the meaning of the name Făgăraș (attested both as a toponym and as an anthroponym). In order to explain its meaning, the sources, which are extremely diverse, are documented (collections of documents, statistical and fiscal records: urbaria, conscriptions, catagraphies, parish registers, yearbooks, telephone books, internet sites, topographic maps etc.). Also, taking into account the (predominantly) meaning of the anthroponym, we have highlighted its spatial distribution, in conjunction with other words (appellatives) related to beech charcoal production (Romanian: cărbunar, mangalagiu). Based on the chrono-spatial distribution, it seems that the toponym was similar to făget (beech forest), and the anthroponym refers to the production of beech charcoal from beechwood. In both cases, both the appellative and the name (toponyms, anthroponyms) are Romanian creations (if not entirely, at least in most of them). The distribution of toponyms is closely related to the spread of the beech forests, and that of the anthroponyms is also closely related to this forest vegetation.
Le vignoble de Bordeaux: un vignoble en crise profonde
Authors:   Centre d’Etude des Mondes Modernes et Contemporains (CEMMC), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, France, Rejalot Michel ,   Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)
Published: May 2022

Depuis une quinzaine d’années le vignoble bordelais est largement décrit comme traversant une crise. D’un point de vue commercial, la notion de crise se rattache à la baisse de la consommation sur le marché intérieur, mais aussi sur les marchés extérieurs, dont certains, encore jugés prometteurs il y a quelques années, n’auraient nourri que de faux espoirs. Les prix traduisent logiquement ces difficultés, stagnants à des niveaux très bas, notamment pour les entrées de gamme, mais aussi pour les segments intermédiaires. Cette crise commerciale induit par contrecoup une crise viticole et sociale, bien lisible dans la concentration des structures foncières comme entrepreneuriales et dans la baisse régulière des surfaces plantées. La recherche de baisse des coûts de production se traduit probablement par une précarisation des conditions de travail d’une certaine catégorie de main-d’œuvre. Tout cela résulte pour beaucoup d’observateurs de l’accroissement d’un hiatus entre les attentes des marchés d’un côté et les caractères organoleptiques, l’image et les représentations affectant les vins de Bordeaux de l’autre. Ceux-ci semblent désormais incarner à peu près tout ce que les nouvelles générations de consommateurs de vins, développant des modes de consommation alternatifs, rejettent assez largement : les vins rouges, plus ou moins concentrés et alcoolisés, puissants, associés à des repas solennels et protocolaires.
Piloting a semi-structured interview schedule: The influence of MOOC descriptions on potential students
Authors: Hajeer Ahmad , Toptsi Jamil
Published: May 2022

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) provide digital learning opportunities for students around the world. To reach students, MOOCs must advertise themselves to encourage enrollment. While previous studies have explored the content of MOOC descriptions, an investigation into the rhetorical functions of these descriptions has yet to be carried out. In order to discover more about the features of MOOC descriptions which influence their potential students, this paper details the design and piloting of an interview protocol which can be used to collect data regarding the persuasive impact that MOOC descriptions have on those who read them. Samples of data collected using the instrument are presented to examine the validity of the results, and a reflection is provided which discusses the application of the instrument in future research.
THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF TAFSIR IQTISADI (THE STUDY OF AT-TAFSIR AL-IQTISADI LI AL-QUR’AN AL-KARIM BY RAFIQ YUNUS AL-MASRI
Authors: Baharuddin Didin , Anwar Hamdani , Amalia Euis
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the epistemological structure of At-Tafsīr al-Iqtiṣādī li al-Qur'ān al-Karīm by Rafīq Yūnus al-Maṣrī. The author of this tafseer is an economist, a researcher at the Center for Islamic Economic Studies University of Malik 'Abdul' Azīz, and is active in Al-Jam'iyah Ad-Dauliyah li Al-Iqtisād London. The author's background makes this book very interesting to study because not many economists have written tafsir studies. This article is a literature study employing a descriptive-analysis method and a historical-philosophical approach. This study shows that the interpretation of At-Tafsīr al-Iqtiṣādī li al-Qur'ān al-Karīm was written in a tartib mushafi model, and predominantly used tafsīr bi ar-ra'yi with the nuances of the tafsīr iqtiṣādī. The nuances of the iqtiṣādī interpretation come from tafsīr ʻilmī, which shows scientific theories from the Qur’an. Through the tafsīr iqtiṣādī, Rafīq Yūnus al-Maṣrī attempted to show that the Qur’an can be interpreted using an economic approach and argued that the Qur’an provides the existence of economic theories. Among these theories are Musykilah an-Nadirah an-Nisbiyah (relative scarcity), at-Tafḍīl az-Zamanī (time preference), and Ta’dzīm al-manāfi’ (profit maximisation).
DEMYSTIFYING AND DETERMINING THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL LEADERSHIP IN WARD COMMITTEE PARTICIPATION
Authors:   University of South Africa, South Africa, Elias Musitha Mavhungu , Victor Netshidzivhani Mmbengeni ,   University of Limpopo, South Africa, John Mamokhere ,   University of Limpopo, South Africa
Published: May 2022

This article aimed to demystify and determine the role of traditional leaders in the participation of municipal Ward Committee meetings in local municipalities. A desktop review of secondary sources was prepared in collecting data relevant to traditional leadership and ward committee participation. This is motivated by the fact that there is no consensus on their role in westernoriented democracy. Various pieces of legislation have directed their participation in ward committee meetings. This article has revealed a deliberate effort to exclude traditional leaders from participating in municipal council meetings, despite pieces of legislation requiring them to do so. This article recommends that traditional leaders be fully recognized and be allowed to play their role just like any elected politician because they are more legitimate than the latter. The article further recommends that there be a division of the country into rural and urban municipal councils where they would fully participate in the affairs of their people. In conclusion, it is also imperative to note that the two structures, namely elected and traditional, both represent the interests of the same people.
REDUCING CYBER INCIDENTS THROUGH GOOD ONLINE BEHAVIORAL NORMS: LESSONS FROM SOUTH AFRICA
Authors:   Vaal University of Technology, South Africa, Sonhera Naume , Mhlanga David ,   University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Published: May 2022

The phenomenon of cyber incidents has grown commonplace in schools throughout the world, including South Africa. Cyber mishaps are becoming more common, affecting both learners and parents, and expecting parents to supervise their children's online activity 24 hours a day is unrealistic. Several studies have highlighted several remedies, however even with such solutions, cyber incidents are still on the rise. As a result, the study aims to use a technical tool to investigate how cyber incidents can be reduced through good online behavioral norms which is an alternative strategy for reducing cyber occurrences among learners. Using the experimental action approach, the findings revealed that if learners are given alert messages that encourage them to consider appropriate behavioral standards, the number of learners who send hurtful messages may be lower than the number of learners who wish to send hurtful messages. As a result, the study suggests that educational institutions should step up their efforts to ensure that learners receive alarm messages that encourage them to consider appropriate behavior norms.
TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS AND PRACTICES OF CRITICAL THINKING INSTRUCTION IN INDONESIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Anggraeny Eka , Khongput Somruedee
Published: May 2022

This study investigated how Indonesian teachers perceived and incorporated critical thinking concepts in English language classrooms. A case-study approach was set out to investigate teacher’s perceptions and practices of critical thinking in teaching English language to twelfth-grade students in Jambi Province, Indonesia. Semi-structured interviews, classroom observation, and stimulated-recall interviews were employed to collect data from six teachers in six different senior high schools. The semi-structured interview data were categorized and reported descriptively. Hennessy et al.’s (2016) Scheme for Educational Dialogue Analysis was adopted to analyze classroom observation data, and stimulated-recall interview data were analyzed as supplemental data. The findings show that teachers perceived skills, disposition, and knowledge as key attributes of critical thinking, and active learning activities were valued more than passive learning to promote students’ critical thinking. This study also reveals that all teachers employed various teaching strategies to encourage students’ critical thinking at a certain level. The findings imply that a professional development program that better equips teachers with understanding of critical thinking concepts and more teaching strategies should be urgently designed in order to produce critical global citizens.
USING A “PROSING POEM” STRATEGY IN TEACHING POETRY IN THE EFL CONTEXT OF INDONESIA
Authors: Amri M Misbahul , Basthomi Yazid
Published: May 2022

The present article reports our reflections on how to teach an introductory course on poetry in an Indonesian tertiary educational institution where English is a foreign language. The reflections are made on the basis of our experiences of teaching the course, the main challenge of which centres on students’ wronged perception of what poetry is; students tend to have an entrenched idea that poetry must be perplexing. The reflections have led us to a teaching strategy which we call “prosing poem.” Applying the strategy, we help students by providing made-up prosaic forms of the poems. This strategy has proven to help demystify students’ idea on poetry as a difficult subject. It allows students to unpack the poetic texts in a less daunting way as they can rely on their English mastery without having cognitive block.
Faith, creative practice and facing injustice in counter-cultural music
Authors: Harris Eilidh
Published: May 2022

Eilidh Harris’ contribution to our Arts and Culture section continues the theme of exploring deeper spiritual realities by rooting them in the struggle for justice through art. As a metal musician and a poet, Harris shares some insights into her own, as well as other artists’, creative practice as resistance and empowerment, particularly in relation to violence against women and girls. As someone who no longer subscribes to the Christian faith in God but remains in dialogue with theology and contemporary religious culture, Harris offers a thought-provoking reflection on the life-giving power of creative practice in the context of trauma.
Studies on wear characteristics of surface hardened tractor drawn rotavator blade
Authors: More M.S. , Bastewad T.B. , Sapkale P.R. , Bhangare S.C. , Patil M.R.
Published: May 2022

In agriculture, seed bed preparation is the prime operation in crop production schedule.Tillage operation is performed to acquire a seed bed with improved soil health that is free from weeds and insect pest and for this purpose normally land is ploughed by using plough and cultivators. But these implements invert only the upper layer of soil, without proper mixing of soil. Therefore, additional field operations using rotavator, harrow etc. is essential for good soil health. The rotavators do simultaneous ploughing and harrowing. By using rotavator time can be saved upto 30-35% and the cost of operation may reduce by 20-25%. But by having advantages in rotavator their has been emerged as a serious problem of abrasive wear in rotavator blades, because the material used are softer than the natural abrasives in the soil. Due to this wear the operating and maintenance cost of rotavator increased, hence lowers its productivity. So their is a need to give a proper treatment to soil engaging parts which reduce the rate of wear. But the rotavator blades which available in the market are not properly heat treated so the wear rate is considerably more as compare to the heat-treated blades. So, there is a need to study wear characteristics of rotavator blades.
Comparison of the humoral and cellular immunity in COVID-19 convalescents
Authors: Toptygina Anna P. , Semikina Elena L. , Zakirov Rustam S. , Afridonova Zulfiia E.
Published: May 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused the COVID-19 pandemic is related to the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS coronaviruses, which were resulted in 2003 and 2012 epidemics. Antibodies in patients with COVID-19 emerge 714 days after the onset of symptoms and gradually increase. Because the COVID-19 pandemic is still in progress, it is hard to say how long the immunological memory to the SARS-CoV-2 virus may be retained. The aim of this study was to study a ratio between humoral and cellular immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein in COVID-19 convalescents. There were enrolled 60 adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 2 to 12 months prior to the examination. The control group consisted of 15 adults without COVID-19 or unvaccinated. Specific antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus were determined by ELISA with the SARS-CoV-2-IgG-ELISA-BEST kit. To determine the specific IgG and IgA subclasses, the anti-IgG conjugate from the kit was replaced with a conjugate against the IgG subclasses and IgA. Additional incubation with or without denaturing urea solution was used to determine the avidity of antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by gradient centrifugation, incubated with or without coronavirus S antigen for 20 hours, stained by fluorescently labeled antibodies, and the percentage of CD8highCD107a cells was assessed on flow cytometer BD FACSCanto II. In the control group, neither humoral nor cellular immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was found. In the group of convalescents, the level of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein varies greatly not being strictly associated with the disease duration, with 57% and 43% of COVID-19 patients having high vs. low level of humoral response, respectively. A correlation between level of specific IgG and IgA was r = 0.43. The avidity of antibodies increased over time in convalescents comprising 49.9% at 612 months afterwards. No virus-specific IgG2 and IgG4 subclasses were detected, and the percentage of IgG1 increased over time comprising 100% 612 months after recovery. 50% of the subjects examined had high cellular immunity, no correlations with the level of humoral immunity were found. We identified 4 combinations of humoral and cellular immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 S protein: high humoral and cellular, low humoral and cellular, high humoral and low cellular, and vice versa, low humoral and high cellular immunity.
Comparison of vitamin D levels between mothers and infants with and without prolonged membrane rupture
Authors: Boskabadi H. , Rakhshanizadeh F. , Zakerihamidi Maryam
Published: May 2022

Background. Premature membrane rupture is a known causes of preterm labor and accounts for approximately one-third of cases. Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in preterm labor as well. Objective. The present study aimed to compare vitamin D levels in mothers and infants with and without prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM). Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 241 babies, with and without a history of membrane rupture, in mothers in the neonatal ward of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, from 2019 to 2021 with available sampling methods. After confirmation of prolonged membrane rupture (more than 18 hours before birth) based on history and examination with a speculum, we completed a data collection tool, a checklist including laboratory evaluation and neonatal and maternal characteristics. The conditions of neonates with and without prolonged membrane rupture were compared. Data were analyzed by T-test and Chi-square. Results. We examined a total of 241 neonates including 148 (61.4%) without prolonged rupture of the membranes in mothers and 93 (38.6%) with PROM. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding: maternal vitamin D level (p = 0.001); neonatal vitamin D level (p = 0.001); and fifth minute Apgar score (p = 0.003). These variables were lower in the group of neonates with PROM. Conclusion. Vitamin D deficiency in mothers was significantly associated with prolonged membrane rupture. With increasing severity of vitamin D deficiency, the probability of PROM increases and, therefore, the likelihood of preterm labor and its complications rises.
Proteins of the lectin pathway of the complement system activation: immunobiological functions, genetics and involvement in the pathogenesis of human diseases
Authors: Smolnikova Marina V. , Tereshchenko Sergey Yu.
Published: May 2022

The complement system is the most ancient components in the innate immunity, mainly functioning to primarily eliminate bacterial agents intravascularly. Moreover, the complement complex proteins play a role as a bridge between the systems of innate and adaptive immunity providing adequate conditions for maturation and differentiation of B- and T-lymphocytes. The complement system consists of plasma proteins and membrane receptors. Plasma proteins interact with each other via the three described cascade pathways lectin (which is most ancient phylogenetically), alternative and classical. Lectins are proteins comprising a separate superfamily of pattern-recognizing receptors able to sense molecules of oligo- and polysaccharide nature and induce their aggregation. Among all the lectins, ficolins (FCN) (common domain fibrinogen) and collectins (common domain collagen) mannose-binding lectin (MBL), hepatic and renal collectins have exert unique functions by complexing with carbohydrate components of microbial wall. Formation of a compound complex microbial wall polysaccharides + collectin/ficolin + specific mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MARP) results in the complement system activation, inflammatory reaction and bacterium elimination. Such scenario is proceeded along the lectin pathway compared to the two other pathways called classical and alternative. Examining a role of the complement system and congenital protein defects in the pathogenesis of various diseases is of topical interest because inborn deficiency of the complement components comprises at least 5% out of total primary immunodeficiency rate, whereas the aspects of their prevalence and pathogenesis remain unexplored. Relevance of investigating the complement system components for diverse populations is tremendous, taking into consideration accumulated evidence regarding an important role of the lectin pathway in viral infections. Lectins, the main proteins in the lectin pathway of the complement activation, are encoded by polymorphic genes, wherein single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) result in altered protein conformation and expression, which, in turn, affects functionality and potential to respond to a pathogen. The distribution of the lectin polymorphic gene frequencies and their haplotypes displays extremely marked population differences. According to analyzing available data, population SNP frequencies including those associated with inborn deficiencies for components of the lectin pathway have been currently scarce or unexplored. hence, here we review major lectins and their functions, their functionally significant SNPs in diverse populations and their pathogenetic importance for host defense functions.
Žobravé rehole v stredoveku vo vedeckom diskurze na Slovensku po roku 1989
Authors:   Institutum Historicum Ordinis Praedicatorum, Roma, Hunčaga OP Gabriel
Published: May 2022

The changes in Slovakia that followed the Velvet Revolution of November 1989 created a new exploratory atmosphere in historical science, including the history of medieval monasticism.
The proto-industrial family and the perspectives of its demographic research in the 18th and the first half of the 19th century (an example of the village Stružinec in north-eastern Bohemia)
Authors:   Univerzita Pardubice, Nekvapil Jirásková Šárka
Published: May 2022

Proto-industrialization is an interesting phenomenon that has been discussed for more than half a century. The most disputed part of this theory is the demographic aspects. The submitted article focuses on research opportunities of the proto-industrial family in the 18th and 19th centuries; the research focuses on Stružinec u Lomnice nad Popelkou, a village in north-eastern Bohemia. Only a comprehensive study of demographic indicators makes it possible to establish the basic differences between the family in proto-industrial and agriculture-based areas.
The Role of Anger, Fear and Curiosity in Various Conflict Resolution Strategies
Authors:   University of Wrocław, Borecka-Biernat Danuta , Čiuladienė Gražina ,   Mykolas Romeris University
Published: May 2022

The aim of this research is to evaluate the emotions that generate constructive and destructive strategies for coping in social conflict situations by adolescents. Studies based on C. Spielberger’s ThreeFactor Personality States and Traits Inventory (TISCO), adapted by K. Wrześniewski, and K. Thomas’ and R. Kilmann’s Conflict Resolution Style Questionnaire (CRSQ), adapted by T. Wach (Dąbrowski 1991), were used for the empirical study done in 2014 on students from Polish gymnasium schools in Vilnius. Adolescent students (131 girls and 126 boys) ranging from age 1315 years were chosen. Base on the analysis of the study material collected, one can say that adolescents applying destructive strategies in social conflict situations, demonstrate high level of negative emotions. Adolescents who constructively steer their behaviour in a social conflict situation are characterized with a higher level of positive emotions. The data from current studies suggests that youths using cooperation strategies in social conflict situations, exhibit higher emotional tension of curiosity, as a trait. Studies conducted show that during the age of adolescence, boys deal with emotionsactivating social conflict situations better than girls, as more often they seek mutual understanding with partners rather than resolving disputable issues.
Social Media and Changes in the Language of Polish and Korean Youth
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Juszczyk Stanisław , Kim Yongdeog ,   Hankuk University of Foreign Studies
Published: May 2022

Currently, quick and profound changes occur in the sphere of language. The reasons for this are frequent and longterm interactions of the contemporary teenagers with social media, such as: Facebook, My Space, Flickr, online computer games and virtual realities, such as Club Penguin, Second Life and the Sims; websites collecting videos and pictures, such as YouTube; blogs (e.g. blogger, microblogger, Twitter), as well as the use of mobile telephony and smartphones, namely mobile phones and pocket computers, including iPod touch – a multifunctional computer with access to the Internet or iPhone – being a combination of a mobile phone with an entertainment platform and online messenger, as well as email. The aforementioned media offer teenagers a place to meet and quickly communicate with each other, and this phenomenon is growing exponentially. Social media encourage to experiment with language in order for everyday language to better reflect reality. This results, to a great extent, in depletion of language of the youth, simplification and introduction of new codes. This article is an attempt to describe this “new” language of Polish and Korean youth, as well as answer the following questions: Do the analyzed changes threaten the Polish and Korean language identity and orthography? Have English phrases become a permanent code of communication between teenagers in the two countries?
Hacking Collective as a Trading Zone. Notes from the Ethnography of Hackerspaces in Poland
Authors:   Warsaw University, Zaród Marcin
Published: May 2022

Development in computing resulted in creation of various communities devoted to nonformal computer science and engineering practices. The article examines Polish hackers, defined as a legal part of computer subcultures, and compares studies of hackers done abroad with findings from ethnography done in Poland. Applying actornetwork theory as a methodological framework, it also shows how hacking collectives contribute to ecologies of knowledge on different scales. This contributions, observed as various technological, scientific, or political actions, construct hackerspace as a trading zone. The paper also discusses problems with merging descriptions of hackers’ culture with ANT approach.
Analysis of Main Challenges in Higher Education on the Case Study of Selected xMOOCs Providers: Coursera, and edX
Authors:   Janusz Korczak Pedagogical University in Warsaw, Durasiewicz Arkadiusz , Duranowski Wojciech ,   Independent researcher, Barszczewski Tomasz ,   Independent researcher
Published: May 2022

MOOC is one of the forthcoming challenges of global higher education system. Development of education system cannot be considered without global trends. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) become more and more popular. Article focuses on analysis of case studies of the most important xMOOCs providers: Coursera, edX. Authors focuses their analysis on direction of the development of xMOOCs in higher education as well as on key barriers for further development of the model.
Sądy pokoju a prawo do ochrony prawnej - głos w dyskusji
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Grudecki Michał
Published: May 2022

The article discusses the demand for the introduction the institution of the justice of the peace into the Polish judicial system. The aim of the article is to examine the admissibility of this change as intended by the Ministry of Justice from the perspective of the right to legal protection. The author presents the advantages and disadvantages of justices of the peace, placing particular emphasis on the postulate of legal education of candidates for justices of the peace, as well as mentioning the proper way of selecting and financing them. He concludes that the requirement of a legal education or basic legal knowledge of candidates for justices of the peace is essential, as is the need to ensure the appointment that guarantees their greatest judical independence. In another case, the parties will not have adequate legal protection. In his research, the author uses the dogmatic method.
Znaczenie orzecznictwa niemieckiego Federalnego Sądu Konstytucyjnego dla praktyki orzeczniczej polskiego Trybunału Konstytucyjnego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Strzępek Kamil
Published: May 2022

The aim of this article was to find an answer to the question about the role played by the case-law of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany in the case-law of the Constitutional Tribunal of Poland, and to the question about the sort of cases heard by the CT, in which references to the FCC case-law occurred most often. An attempt to answer the above-mentioned questions were asked after empirical research. The judgments of the CT, publicly available on the Online Judgment Portal on the website of the CT, served as empirical material. In the case-law of the CT, it was not clearly indicated whether, in the case of referring by the CT to the case-law of the FCC, the Tribunal did it for comparative purposes, whether it was related to the interpretation of legal norms by the CT or for another purpose.
Relations between the European Union and the United Nations – Considerations in the Context of International Security against the Case of Ahmed Ali Yusuf and Al Barakaat International Foundation
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Cała-Wacinkiewicz Ewelina
Published: May 2022

The actions indicated above and taken by the United Nations and the European Union (in spite of their different international law status) argue that objectives attributed to international organisations are not only postulates, but a basis for actions taken specifically, both in the legal and actual dimension. Therefore, the main research objective adopted for this study was to bring them closer, with particular emphasis on the UN and the EU joint actions for international security. Due to the complexity and multifaceted nature of the discussed subject matter of these considerations, they will be confined to the T-306/01 Ahmed Ali Yusuf and Al Barakaat International Foundation case recognized by the EU Court of First Instance. In there, as in a lens, interrelationships between the international organisations in questions are concentrated; and not only in terms of international cooperation, but, more importantly, in terms of the principle of the primacy of the United Nations law over other legal regimes.
Current International Situation in the South China Sea the Path to Confrontation?
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Kościelniak Karol
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the South China Sea area has become the arena of competition between the countries of Southeast Asia that set up claims to maritime areas and the islands, and, all the more, want to control and exploit what can be found under the seabed, namely the deposits of oil and gas. The situation in the area cannot even be resolved by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Montego Bay, 1982). Apart from the resources found in the sea and under the seabed, this body of water is an important shipping route, which makes it a strategically significant area for each of the countries located there, or those whose interests involve the South China Sea. In this work, I describe the current situation in the waters of South China Sea: whether the countries bordering it strive for conflict or just secure their interests. It turns out each of the states will set up demands to the islands on this sea and especially to everything that lives in the sea and is to be found under the seabed. Minor, and also more significant incidents will happen, but it does not seem likely that any serious open conflict between the states of the region will break out in the close future. None of the countries pursues it and they do everything they can to maintain the status quo.
Challenges and Perspectives of Polish Foreign Policy Towards the Post-Yugoslav Region
Authors:   University of Szczecin, Podgórzańska Renata
Published: May 2022

In the new, post-Cold War reality Polish foreign policy faced challenges stemming from the need to set targets that would reflect the interests of Poland, as well as take into account the changes in the international environment. Gradually, the assumptions and directions of foreign policy were rebuilt, with an aim to ensure the safety of the country in both internal and external dimension, to provide the territorial integrity, strengthen the sovereignty and create optimal conditions for the development of the state and society. After 1989, as a consequence of the concentration of efforts of Polish diplomacy on the implementation of strategic directions of foreign policy, others had a secondary meaning. Polish vital interests were located in the Euro-Atlantic area, in the immediate vicinity, as well as in Central and Eastern Europe, which is why in the first place all strengths and resources were engaged there in order to implement the strategic tasks of foreign policy; the Western Balkans remained on the sidelines, in the territory of former Yugoslavia. Nevertheless, this did not mean the total marginalization of the post- -Yugoslav region, and the perception of the events associated with the disintegration of the Yugoslav federation as not directly, but only indirectly connected with Polish interests.
American, Chinese and Russian Voices on the Current Situation and the Future of the Asia-Pacific Region
Authors:   National University of Malaysia, University of Szczecin, Suchoples Jarosław
Published: May 2022

On 3rd-5th June, 2013 the 27th Asian-Pacifi c Roundtable was organized in Kuala Lumpur. Th e conference held traditionally in the Malaysian capital provided invited speakers with an occasion for presentations of their views on current problem countries situated in Asia and around the Pacifi c Ocean, as well as the future of relations between them.Th is time, the theme of the Asian-Pacifi c Roundtable was Strategising Change in Asia. USA Ambassador Hill said that reports about the decline of the West seemed to be premature. He proposed not to overestimate successes of Asian countries scored mainly in the fi eld of economy and reminded once again that Europe as well as North America possessed experience in overcoming problems of diff erent nature. Minister Morgulov from Russia tried to convince that Russian politicians are aware that their state possessed too little potential to compete successfully with the United States or China for the regional or global leadership. It seems that Russia has begun to implement some kind of containment strategy aimed at the containment of Russia’s diminishing signifi cance in the world.
Radical Islamic Parties and Movements in Uzbekistan 1990–2012
Authors:   Trakya University w Edirne (Trakya Üniversitesi), Türk Fahri
Published: May 2022

Uzbekistan, so as other Central Asian Republics, turned into turbulent times in the beginning of 1990’s. After collapsing USSR, 5 Republics gained its independence. The whole region was very well-known from its religiosity. However, besides the fact that Islamist movements and parties were banned on any political activity and had no right to act as an opposition within the system of Uzbekistan, they have emerged subsequently especiallly in this country. The modern history of Uzbekistan is full of radical Islamic political and social movements. From the very beginning of the Republic, Islam Karimov, its first and the only one till now president, rules though and solidly. He was the biggest opponent of any Islamic initiative which showed up and tried to damp it down immediately. The aim of this study is to explore all the Islamist parties and movements which have been raised in Uzbekistan between 1990 and 2012. Which of them were and still remaining crucial and have the impact on Uzbek political and social life. The Author is trying to investigate the reasons and circumstances that led Islamist movements to arise and effectively influence on Uzbekistan political arena.