bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Características ósseas de frangos de corte alimentados com rações suplementadas com Solanum glaucophyllum
Authors: Vieites Flávio Medeiros , Drosghic Laura Caroline Almeida Branco , Souza Christiane Silva , Vargas Júnior José Geraldo , Nunes Ricardo Vianna , Moraes George Henrique Kling de , Corrêa Gerusa Silva Salles , Caramori Júnior João Garcia
Published: March 2016

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características dos tibiotarsos de frangos de corte machos aos 21 e 35 dias de idade. Foram determinados os percentuais ósseos de proteínas colagenosas (PC), proteínas não colagenosas (PNC), cinzas e minerais (cálcio, fósforo, potássio e sódio), além dos pesos dos tibiotarsos in natura, secos e desengordurados. Foram utilizados 648 frangos de corte machos da marca comercial Cobb® em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com seis tratamentos e seis repetições com 18 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram na suplementação de 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 e 2,5 ?g de vitamina D3 ativa/kg de ração. Aos 21 e 35 dias de idade as aves foram pesadas e um frango/repetição com o peso médio do lote foi retirado e abatido para se obter os tibiotarsos. A composição orgânica e mineral dos ossos foi afetada pelo fornecimento suplementar de vitamina D3 ativa nas rações. Recomenda-se até 1,50 ?g de 1,25(OH)2D3/kg de ração para frangos de corte machos de 8 a 35 dias de idade.
Consumo, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio de rações contendo diferentes teores de torta de murumuru em dietas para ovinos
Authors: Menezes Bruno Peres de , Rodrigues Laurena Silva , Lourenço Júnior José De Brito , Silva André Guimarães Maciel e , Andrade Stefano Juliano Tavares de , Silva Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da , Faturi Cristian , Garcia Alexandre Rossetto , Nahúm Benjamim De Souza , Barbosa Antônio Vinicius Correa , Budel Juliana Cristina de Castro , Araújo Geisielly Sousa
Published: March 2016

This study aimed to assess the potential use of increasing levels of murumuru cake (Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru, M art.) (MC) in sheep diets as a replacement for Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq). Metabolic tests were performed with 20 castrated male sheep at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, during 26 days. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with five diets and four replications. MC0: 100% grass; MC10: 10% MC and 90% grass; MC20: 20% MC and 80% grass; MC40: 40% MC and 60% grass; and MC60: 60% MC and 40% grass. The intake and the coefficient of apparent digestibility of dry matter (DMI and CDDM), organic matter (OMI and CDOM), crude protein (CPI and CDCP), neutral detergent fiber (NDFI and CDNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADFI and CDADF), ether extract (EEI and CDEE), cellulose (CELI and CDCEL), hemicellulose (HEMI and CDHEM), and nitrogen balance (NB) of experimental diets were determined. The intake of mineral material (MMI) and lignin (LIGI) were also determined. The DMI, OMI, MMI, CPI, NDFI, and ADFI displayed a decreasing linear effect with the replacement of Mombasa grass by MC in the diet. The EEI and the LIGI presented quadratic effects according to the replacement levels of MC in the diet. The CDDM, CDOM, and CDHEM displayed increasing linear effects, between MC0 and MC60. The CDEE, CDNDF, CDADF, and CDCEL displayed a quadratic effect, with optimum replacement levels of 56.65%, 41%, 31.33%, and 27.46%, respectively. The nitrogen balance presented a negative linear effect in the range of 0% to 60% of murumuru cake. One can conclude that murumuru cake is an alternative to the dietary supplementation of ruminants in replacing the Mombasa grass because it provides an increase in the digestibility of nutrients for sheep. However, a limited replacement level must be implemented, considering that from 27.46%, 31.33%, 41%, and 56.65% replacement, a decline occurs in the CDCEL, CDADF, CDNDF, and CDEE, respectively, although a negative nitrogen balance does not occur.
Effect of organic acids or monensin-sodium addition on fatty acid production of short chain and methane through the ruminal fermentation “in vitro”
Authors: Silveira Alisson Minozzo da , Viegas Julio , Bayer Cimélio , Kozloski Gilberto Vilmar , Cerutti Weiler Giacomazza , Moro Guidiane , Pereira Stela Naetzold , Tonin Tiago João , Carpes Rotchyelly Prestes , Dotto Lisiani Rorato , Vargas Diego Prado de
Published: March 2016

Aditivos alimentares podem aumentar a eficiência dos alimentos e a produção animal, bem como reduzir a produção de metano (CH4) entérico. Com objetivo de avaliar a influência de aditivos orgânicos em duas concentrações (250 e 500ppm) na produção de CH4 (mL), ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (AGCC), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3) e no pH, foi conduzido um experimento “in vitro” gás, tendo dois controles, um negativo sem a presença de aditivo e outro positivo, com à adição de monensina sódica (30ppm). O experimento foi organizado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. O tratamento com monensina sódica aumentou (p<0.05) a produção de propionato e diminuiu (p<0.05) a produção de CH4, acetato, butirato, valerato, isobutirato, isovalerato, a relação de acetato/propionato e a produção total AGCC em relação ao tratamento sem aditivo, não alterando a concentração de N-NH3. Dos tratamentos com ácidos orgânicos CTX 250 e 500, somente o CTX 500 mostrou tendência (p<0.10) a diminuição nas concentrações de N-NH3, sem alterações significativas (p>0.05) nos demais parâmetros avaliados em relação ao tratamento sem aditivos. Neste sentido a monensina sódica apresenta características de modulação do ambiente ruminal.
Carcass and meat characteristics from dairy-origin steers fed with diets based on ground pearl millet grain, containing inclusion levels of babassu mesocarp meal
Authors: Alencar Wanderson Martins , Restle João , Missio Regis Luis , Neiva José Neuman Miranda , Miotto Fabrícia Rocha Chaves , Santana Aline Evangelista Machado , Augusto Wescley Faccini , Freitas Ithálo Barros de , Elejalde Denise Adelaide Gomes
Published: March 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar as características da carcaça e carne de novilhos mestiços de origem leiteira terminados em confinamento com dietas a base de grãos de milheto, contendo níveis de inclusão de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu (0, 12, 24, 36 e 48%). Foram utilizados 30 novilhos mestiços Holandês-Zebu com peso inicial médio de 371,02 ± 27 kg distribuídos aleatoriamente em seis dietas experimentais (cinco dietas a base de milho contendo níveis de inclusão de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu e uma dieta padrão a base de milho), cada uma com cinco repetições. As dietas isonitrogenadas apresentam relação volumoso/concentrado de 20/80. O aumento do nível de inclusão do FMB na dieta reduziu o peso de abate e de carcaça de 488,4 e 242,2 kg para 454,0 e 226,7 kg, respectivamente. A espessura de gordura subcutânea, conformação e peso do traseiro especial reduziram, respectivamente, 38,8; 13,6 e 9% pelo aumento do nível de farelo do mesocarpo de babaçu na dieta. As características da carne não foram alteradas pelos níveis de inclusão de farelo do mesocarpo de babaçu na dieta. Não foi verificada diferença, pela análise de contrastes, entre as dietas com farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu e as dietas com milho ou milheto, ou entre as dietas a base de milho ou milheto para as características de carcaça e carne avaliadas. A inclusão de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu em dietas a base de grão de milheto deve considerar a relação custo/benefício, pois promove queda do peso de abate e de carcaça apesar de não alterar as principais características da carne. A substituição total do grão de milho pelo grão de milheto em dietas de confinamento, por outro lado, não altera as principais características de carcaça e carne de bovinos.
Substitution of soybean meal for cottonseed meal in multiple supplements for grazing beef heifers in the dry season
Authors: Ortega Román Maza , Paulino Mário Fonseca , Detmann Edenio , Rennó Luciana Navajas , Barros Lívia De Vieira , Silva Aline Gomes da , Marquez David Contreras , Moreno Deilen Sotelo , Moura Felipe Henrique , Almeida Daniel Mageste de
Published: March 2016

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja pelo farelo de algodão em suplementos múltiplos sobre as características nutricionais e desempenho produtivo de novilhas de corte em fase de recria em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens no período da seca. Foram utilizadas 24 novilhas de corte nelore com idade e peso médio inicial de 8 meses e 210±6 kg, respectivamente. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os suplementos continham aproximadamente 30% de proteína bruta (PB) e substituição progressiva do farelo de soja pelo farelo de algodão em 0, 50 e 100%. Aos animais do tratamento controle foi fornecida apenas mistura mineral ad libitum e aos demais tratamentos foram fornecidos 1,0 kg/animal/dia de suplemento. Não houve diferença de GMD entre os animais suplementados e os animais controle (P>0,10). A suplementação aumentou apenas o consumo de proteína bruta (PB) (P<0,10). O nível de substituição de farelo de soja pelo farelo de algodão não afetou (P>0,10) o consumo nos animais suplementados. A suplementação ampliou os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (P<0,10) da MO, PB, CFN e NDT com exceção do EE e da FDNcp (P>0,10). Observou-se efeito linear positivo (P<0,10) do nível de substituição de farelo de soja pelo farelo de algodão sobre a digestibilidade da MO, CNF e NDT. Houve efeito da suplementação e do nível de substituição (P<0,10) sobre o teor de nitrogênio ureico no soro e nitrogênio ureico na urina. Não houve efeito da suplementação e do nível de substituição sobre o fluxo de nitrogênio microbiano ao intestino (NMIC) e eficiência de síntese de proteína microbiana (EFM) (P>0,10). Foi verificado efeito linear decrescente (P<0,10) da substituição sobre a relação nitrogênio microbiano/ nitrogênio ingerido (NMICR). Conclui-se que a substituição do farelo de soja pelo farelo de algodão em suplementos múltiplos durante a época seca não prejudica o desempenho produtivo de novilhas de corte.
Genetic diversity of Salminus brasiliensis wild populations in downstream and upstream Cachoeira Branca, Verde River MS Brazil: a preliminary view
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira , Lopera-Barrero Nelson Mauricio , Povh Jayme Aparecido , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Maria Del Pilar , Fornari Darci Carlos , Baumgartner Gilmar , Baumgartner Dirceu , Souza Felipe Pinheiro de , Castro Pedro Luiz de , Poveda-Parra Angela Rocio
Published: March 2016

Although hydroelectric power plants generate most electricity in Brazil, the dams provide environmental barriers which also include the interruption of fish migration. Current study, conducted prior to the construction of São Domingos HPP on the shaft of the Cachoeira Branca (waterfall) on the Verde river, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, evaluated the genetic diversity of two natural populations of dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) located downstream (Population A - PopA) and upstream (Population B - PopB) the waterfall. Eight primers were employed to analyze 56 specimens (PopA: 26; PopB: 30) and observed in 102 fragments, of which 86 were polymorphic (84.3%). Low frequency fragments (PopA: 2; PopB: 1), three limiting fragments (PopA) and three exclusive fragments (PopB) were identified. The intra-population genetic variability calculated the Shannon index, whilst the percentage of polymorphic fragments showed high rate variability within each population (PopA: 0.300 and 60.80% and PopB: 0.411 and 79.40%, respectively). The distance and genetic identity revealed high genetic differentiation (0.076 and 0.927, respectively). Results reveal that populations have high intra-population genetic variability and genetic differentiation between them, with low gene flow.
Salicylic acid in the induction of resistance to beet seedling damping-off and antifungal activity against Fusarium sp., in vitro
Authors: Bertoncelli Douglas Junior , Mazaro Sérgio Miguel , Rocha Rita De Cacia Dosciatti Serrão , Dalacosta Nean Locatelli , Lewandowski Adriano , Wagner Junior Américo
Published: March 2016

The damping off is the main disease that affects the beet crop during the seedling production. The aim of this study was to evaluate different salicylic acid (SA) concentrations for resistance induction against damping-off in beet seedling and its antifungal activity against Fusarium sp., in vitro condition. Treatment of beet seed was with SA solution by immersion during 5 minutes in the 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM concentrations and control (distilled water). It was used four replications with 20 cells by experimental unit. The experiment was carried out for 14 days in cultivate chamber with temperature (23 oC ± 2°C), lighting (12 hours photoperiod) and humidity (70% ± 10%) controlled. After this time, the germination, damping off incidence, seedling length and fresh mass matter weight were evaluated. It was evaluated also in the seedling tissue the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), ?-1.3 glucanase and chitinase level enzymes. In the in vitro the SA was putted in PDA (potato-dextrose-agar) medium, where the Fusarium sp. mycelial growth was evaluated. The SA applied for seeds treatment didn’t had effect significant on damping off of beet seedlings, but it induced the activity of ?-1.3 glucanase enzyme, it being this higher in nine times when compared the treatment control. The SA acted in the Fusarium sp. in vitro control with fungitoxic action, suppressed mycelial growth in 28% if compared to control.
Socio-Cultural Values of Traditional Communities: A Case Study of the Dayak in Kalimantan
Authors: Luardini Maria Arina
Published: March 2016

This article is intended to reveal the socio-cultural values of traditional remote area communities of the Dayak in Central Kalimantan based on two legends and the existence of these communities. By applying semantics of sign systems, the expressions in texts showed connotative meanings referring to river communities, and the denotative meaning of living in forests for forest communities. While, expressions of migration could be related to cultural of manamuai ‘wander’ tradition and way of life as shifting cultivation farmers. Recently, the existence of these communities has contradicted government rules due to the laws in opening forests illegally. However, based on the characteristics, these communities can live in harmony with the government and forests investors through the empowerment programs for remote communities and CSR of forests’ companies (logging or palm oil).
Study on Physicochemical Properties of Rice Varieties in Fiji
Authors: Palanivel Hemalatha , Puran Kamlesh , Kumar Ravneel , Kumar Salesh , Nath Paras
Published: March 2016

Determination of the most suitable rice varieties is to ensure the maximum sustained production for continuous economical development. In Fiji, multiple varieties of rice exist and it becomes important to identify the varieties best suited for commercial production to improve overall food security and to reduce the dependency on imports. Twenty varieties of rice cultivated in Fiji were analysed at IRRI to determine which varieties had the best characteristics for potential production. Results were correlated to determine if one variable would have an impact on another. Results indicated significant negative correlation between amylose content and the weight of milled rice (-0.715).
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 8, No. 4
Authors: Brown Anne
Published: March 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 8, No. 4, 2016.
Wijzigingen in de Curaçaose Lar: doelmatiger en doeltreffender rechtsbescherming
Authors: de Haseth M.E.B.
Published: March 2016

Wijzigingen in de Curaçaose Lar: doelmatiger en doeltreffender rechtsbescherming

Op 26 september 2015 zijn enkele fundamentele wijzigingen van de Curaçaose Lar in werking getreden, waarmee wordt voorzien in snellere en doelmatiger procedures. In dit artikel worden de belangrijkste wijzigingen besproken, waarbij in het bijzonder aandacht wordt besteed aan wat alle betrokkenen kunnen en moeten doen om de procedures met toepassing van deze nieuwe bepalingen zo effectief en efficiënt mogelijk te laten verlopen. De bepalingen zijn grotendeels gemodelleerd naar de Nederlandse Awb, zodat wordt verwezen naar voorbeelden uit de Nederlandse rechtspraak ter zake.
Het moderniseren of afschaffen van de ambtenarenrechtspraak
Authors: Hu-a-ng W.A.M.
Published: March 2016

Het moderniseren of afschaffen van de ambtenarenrechtspraak

In Nederland is een ontwikkeling gaande waarbij de ambtenarenrechter en de ambtenarenrechtspraak vervangen zijn door de bestuursrechter die het administratieve procesrecht toepast. Tevens wordt er gediscussieerd over de afschaffing van de status van ambtenaar. In dit artikel wordt aan de hand van deze ontwikkelingen ingegaan op de vraag hoe de situatie in Curaçao zou zijn indien deze ontwikkelingen ook hier zouden plaatsvinden. Hierbij zullen enkele voordelen, nadelen en andere curieuze zaken besproken worden, waardoor het antwoord op de vraag of de ambtenarenrechtspraak en de ambtenarenstatus afgeschaft of gemoderniseerd moeten worden helderder zal worden.
De effectiviteit van de dwangsom als instrument ter bevordering van de nakoming van bestuursrechtelijke uitspraken
Authors: Concincion K.R.
Published: March 2016

De effectiviteit van de dwangsom als instrument ter bevordering van de nakoming van bestuursrechtelijke uitspraken

Juridische geschillen kunnen in een democratische rechtstaat voorgelegd worden aan een onafhankelijke en onpartijdige rechter die dan een voor partijen bindende uitspraak doet. Binnen de door de wetgever gestelde grenzen, kan deze rechter bepalen dat de procespartij die een uitspraak niet uitvoert een dwangsom zal verbeuren. De verminderde effectiviteit van een zodanige dwangsom in het bestuursrecht wordt in dit artikel nader toegelicht aan de hand van onder andere de regels van het bestuurs(proces)recht en de jurisprudentie.
Eu(III)-Sensitized Luminescence Probe for Determination of Tolnaftate in Pharmaceuticals and Biological Fluids
Authors: Alarfaj Nawal A , El-Tohamy Maha F
Published: March 2016

A highly selective, sensitive, accurate, and reproducible luminescence procedure for determination of antifungal drug tolnaftate was developed. The introduced method was based on the formation of Europa Universalis III (Eu(III))-tolnaftate complex using sodium sulfite as a deoxygenated agent in the presence of acetate buffer (pH = 6) and micellar solution of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate. The optimum conditions (effect of pH, buffer, surfactant, Eu(III), and sodium sulfite concentrations) for the luminescence signal were investigated and optimized. The luminescence signals were recorded at λex = 270 nm and λem = 460 nm. The method has a good linear response (0.2–130 μg/mL−1) between the luminescence intensity and the concentrations of the drug (r = 0.999), with a LOD 0.07 μg/mL−1 and LOQ 0.2 μg/mL−1. The luminescence signals of Eu (III)-tolnaftate-sodium dodecyl sulfate were found to be 200-fold more sensitive without the presence of micelle solution. The interferences of some additives, metals, amino acids, sugars, and other related pharmacological action drugs were examined and no interference was recorded. The proposed method was used for quick and simple determination of tolnaftate in its pharmaceuticals and biological fluids.
Curricular reform in Slovakia regarding the attitudes of basic school teachers
Authors: Porubský Štefan , Trnka Marian , Poliach Vladimír , Cachovanová Radka
Published: March 2016

V roce 2008 začala na Slovensku kurikulární reforma. Ta zavedla dvouúrovňový systém kurikula v rámci předškolního, základního i středního vzdělávání. Setkala se se smíšenými reakcemi, jak od učitelů, tak od vedení škol. Tento příspěvek stručně představuje tuto reformu, obsah základních kurikulárních dokumentů a některé z výsledků dotazníkového šetření zaměřeného na postoje učitelů základních škol k reformě. Jejich názory byly sledovány ve třech oblastech: spokojenost s vývojem školského systému na Slovensku v posledních šesti letech, důležitost kurikulárních změn a jejich dopad.
The Human Capital Resource Challenge: Recognizing and Overcoming Small Utility Workforce Obstacles
Authors: Switzer David , Teodoro Manuel P. , Karasik Stuart
Published: March 2016

Does the availability of an educated workforce in a utility's labor market affect that utility's ability to carry out its mission? This study analyzes US Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) compliance to show how levels of human capital (i.e., collective education) in utilities’ labor markets affect their performance. Results indicate that utility scale correlates positively with SDWA monitoring and reporting requirements. Both scale and human capital in a utility's labor market significantly predict compliance with SDWA water quality standards; where a utility has the size and resources to take advantage of human capital resources in its labor pool, SDWA health compliance improves. After identifying these patterns, a comparative case study analysis of two small utilities is used to identify workforce strategies by which utilities might overcome limited access to human capital. Extensive cross‐training of personnel emerges as a potentially useful management strategy for smaller utilities in regions where educated workers are scarce.
Concise Review: Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Regenerative Medicine: Applications and Challenges
Authors: Chong Mark Seow Khoon , Ng Wei Kai , Chan Jerry Kok Yen
Published: March 2016

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are currently being studied as candidate cell sources for revascularization strategies. Significant advances have been made in understanding the biology of EPCs, and preclinical studies have demonstrated the vasculogenic, angiogenic, and beneficial paracrine effects of transplanted EPCs in the treatment of ischemic diseases. Despite these promising results, widespread clinical acceptance of EPCs for clinical therapies remains hampered by several challenges. The present study provides a concise summary of the different EPC populations being studied for ischemic therapies and their known roles in the healing of ischemic tissues. The challenges and issues surrounding the use of EPCs and the current strategies being developed to improve the harvest efficiency and functionality of EPCs for application in regenerative medicine are discussed.

Significance

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have immense clinical value for cardiovascular therapies. The present study provides a concise description of the EPC subpopulations being evaluated for clinical applications. The current major lines of investigation involving preclinical and clinical evaluations of EPCs are discussed, and significant gaps limiting the translation of EPCs are highlighted. The present report could be useful for clinicians and clinical researchers with interests in ischemic therapy and for basic scientists working in the related fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Evaluating the Impact of Providing Training for Direct Care Staff in how to Provide an Emotionally Nurturing Environment for People with Intellectual Disability and Complex Needs
Authors: Frankish Pat
Published: March 2016

The service is providing supported living for a number of people, male and female, age 21 to 55, who all have intellectual disability and a range of extra needs. These include physical disability, communication difficulties, trauma related personality difficulties, self-harming behaviour and aggression towards others. They are all perceived to have emotional developmental needs, all having suffered traumatic experiences in early childhood, causing developmental delay. All have difficulties with relationships associated with attachment disorders.
All direct support staff are trained in models of emotional development and how to assess the emotional level, which leads to identifying the needs. Managers of services are alto trained to support the staff to provide the level of support needed, and to understand the systemic effects of trauma so as to be able to provide trauma-informed-care.
The training, supervision, support and individual therapy for clients, where needed, is provided by psychologists and psychotherapists trained in Disability Psychotherapy. The comprehensive approach allows people with very complex and distressed behaviour to live in ordinary housing in the community.
Data is provided on 10 people, the history, the initial problem behaviour and the present position after being provided with the emotionally nurturing environment.
Le plurilinguisme suisse à l’ère du capitalisme tardif
Authors: Percio Alfonso Del
Published: March 2016

Cet article analyse les logiques régissant la valorisation par l’État de la diversité linguistique suisse sous des conditions de capitalisme tardif. Si les gouvernements helvétiques ont historiquement investi dans le plurilinguisme national, aujourd’hui la Suisse continue à miser sur le plurilinguisme afin de maintenir la position privilégiée occupée par son économie sur les marchés mondiaux. Pour pouvoir mettre à profit ce capital historique, l’État suisse adapte cependant l’argument du plurilinguisme aux marchés-cibles, ce qui aboutit à une hiérarchisation des formes de « diversité » en Suisse. Afin d’expliquer le rôle de la diversité dans les politiques économiques de la Suisse contemporaine, de comprendre quelle forme de diversité est considérée comme ayant une valeur ajoutée, et enfin de saisir les intérêts qui influencent la valeur attribuée à la diversité, j’analyse les pratiques promotionnelles menées par l’État suisse dans le cadre d’un séminaire promotionnel organisé en Allemagne visant à attirer des entrepreneurs et des capitaux allemands sur le territoire suisse. L’analyse se concentre particulièrement sur le rôle du plurilinguisme comme élément clé dans la stratégie de marketing international de la Suisse et sur l’adaptation stratégique de cet argument promotionnel aux publics ciblés.
L’immigration francophone comme marché
Authors: Violette Isabelle
Published: March 2016

Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser les tensions qui émergent de l’articulation de logiques nationalistes et économistes dans la mise en place d’un marché de l’immigration destiné à la francophonie canadienne, et plus particulièrement telles qu’elles se manifestent sur le terrain acadien néo-brunswickois. Il est argumenté que : 1) les pratiques de recrutement et de sélection de l’État canadien favorisent des parcours migratoires axés sur une idéologie individualiste néolibérale de la langue ; et que 2) cela suscite des conflits au sein du milieu d’accueil au vu du rôle de vitalisation des communautés minoritaires attribué à l’immigration francophone. Les stratégies promotionnelles adoptées par les acteurs officiels font du bilinguisme un argument de distinction vendeur sur le marché de l’immigration, ce qui attire une part d’immigrants francophones cherchant à acquérir l’anglais comme voie d’accès aux économies mondialisées. Prenant appui sur un débat entourant la langue de scolarisation, il est montré que la valorisation du bilinguisme comme capital individuel chez ces immigrants se heurte à la position nationaliste militante pour laquelle le partage du français implique une allégeance envers la minorité acadienne.
A novel ciprofloxacin-resistant subclade of H58 Salmonella Typhi is associated with fluoroquinolone treatment failure
Authors: Pham Thanh Duy , Karkey Abhilasha , Dongol Sabina , Ho Thi Nhan , Thompson Corinne N , Rabaa Maia A , Arjyal Amit , Holt Kathryn E , Wong Vanessa , Tran Vu Thieu Nga , Voong Vinh Phat , Ha Thanh Tuyen , Pradhan Ashish , Shrestha Saroj Kumar , Gajurel Damoder , Pickard Derek , Parry Christopher M , Dougan Gordon , Wolbers Marcel , Dolecek Christiane , Thwaites Guy E , Basnyat Buddha , Baker Stephen
Published: March 2016

The interplay between bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility, phylogenetics and patient outcome is poorly understood. During a typhoid clinical treatment trial in Nepal, we observed several treatment failures and isolated highly fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi). Seventy-eight S. Typhi isolates were genome sequenced and clinical observations, treatment failures and fever clearance times (FCTs) were stratified by lineage. Most fluoroquinolone-resistant S. Typhi belonged to a specific H58 subclade. Treatment failure with S. Typhi-H58 was significantly less frequent with ceftriaxone (3/31; 9.7%) than gatifloxacin (15/34; 44.1%)(Hazard Ratio 0.19, p=0.002). Further, for gatifloxacin-treated patients, those infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms had significantly higher median FCTs (8.2 days) than those infected with susceptible (2.96) or intermediately resistant organisms (4.01)(p<0.001). H58 is the dominant S. Typhi clade internationally, but there are no data regarding disease outcome with this organism. We report an emergent new subclade of S. Typhi-H58 that is associated with fluoroquinolone treatment failure.

Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN63006567.
Novel five-state latch using double-peak negative differential resistance and standard ternary inverter
Authors: Shin Sunhae , Kim Kyung Rok
Published: March 2016

We propose complement double-peak negative differential resistance (NDR) devices with ultrahigh peak-to-valley current ratio (PVCR) over 106 by combining tunnel diode with conventional CMOS and its compact five-state latch circuit by introducing standard ternary inverter (STI). At the “high”-state of STI, n-type NDR device (tunnel diode with nMOS) has 1st NDR characteristics with 1st peak and valley by band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) and trap-assisted tunneling (TAT), whereas p-type NDR device (tunnel diode with pMOS) has second NDR characteristics from the suppression of diode current by off-state MOSFET. The “intermediate”-state of STI permits double-peak NDR device to operate five-state latch with only four transistors, which has 33% area reduction compared with that of binary inverter and 57% bit-density reduction compared with binary latch.
Implantable self-reset CMOS image sensor and its application to hemodynamic response detection in living mouse brain
Authors: Yamaguchi Takahiro , Takehara Hiroaki , Sunaga Yoshinori , Haruta Makito , Motoyama Mayumi , Ohta Yasumi , Noda Toshihiko , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Tokuda Takashi , Ohta Jun
Published: March 2016

A self-reset pixel of 15 × 15 µm2 with high signal-to-noise ratio (effective peak SNR ≃64 dB) for an implantable image sensor has been developed for intrinsic signal detection arising from hemodynamic responses in a living mouse brain. For detecting local conversion between oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) in brain tissues, an implantable imaging device was fabricated with our newly designed self-reset image sensor and orange light-emitting diodes (LEDs; λ = 605 nm). We demonstrated imaging of hemodynamic responses in the sensory cortical area accompanied by forelimb stimulation of a living mouse. The implantable imaging device for intrinsic signal detection is expected to be a powerful tool to measure brain activities in living animals used in behavioral analysis.
Brief, cooperative peer-instruction sessions during lectures enhance student recall and comprehension*
Authors: Zhang Niu , Henderson Charles N.R.
Published: March 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the academic impact of cooperative peer instruction during lecture pauses in an immunology/endocrinology course.

Methods: Third-quarter students participated across iterations of the course. Each class offered 20 lectures of 50 minutes each. Classes were divided into a peer-instruction group incorporating cooperative peer instruction and a control group receiving traditional lectures. Peer-instruction group lectures were divided into 2–3 short presentations followed by a multiple-choice question (MCQ). Students recorded an initial answer and then had 1 minute to discuss answers with group peers. Following this, students could submit a revised answer. The control group received the same lecture material, but without MCQs or peer discussions. Final-exam scores were compared across study groups. A mixed-design analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data.

Results: There was a statistically significant main effect for the peer-instruction activity (F(1, 93) = 6.573, p = .012, r = .257), with recall scores higher for MCQs asked after peer-instruction activities than for those asked before peer instruction. Final-exam scores at the end of term were greater in the peer-instruction group than the control group (F(1, 193) = 9.264, p = .003, r = .214; question type, F(1, 193) = 26.671, p = .000, r = .348).

Conclusion: Lectures with peer-instruction pauses increase student recall and comprehension compared with traditional lectures.
Conservative Treatments in the Management of Acute Painful Vertebral Compression Fractures
Authors: Alimy Assil-Ramin , Anastasilakis Athanasios D. , Carey John J. , D’Oronzo Stella , Naciu Anda M. , Paccou Julien , Yavropoulou Maria P. , Lems Willem F. , Rolvien Tim
Published: September 2024

Importance

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) frequently cause substantial pain and reduced mobility, posing a major health problem. Despite the critical need for effective pain management to restore functionality and improve patient outcomes, the value of various conservative treatments for acute VCF has not been systematically investigated.

Objective

To assess and compare different conservative treatment options in managing acute pain related to VCF.

Data Sources

On May 16, 2023, 4 databases—PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL—were searched. In addition, a gray literature search within Scopus and Embase was also conducted.

Study Selection

Included studies were prospective comparative and randomized clinical trials that assessed conservative treatments for acute VCF.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data extraction and synthesis were performed by 2 authors according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Network Meta-Analyses recommendations. A frequentist graph-theoretical model and a random-effects model were applied for the meta-analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were short-term (4 weeks) pain during activity and long-term (latest available follow-up) nonspecified pain in patients with acute VCF.

Results

The study included 20 trials, encompassing 2102 patients, and evaluated various interventions for managing VCF. Calcitonin (standardized mean difference [SMD], −4.86; 95% CI, −6.87 to −2.86) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; SMD, −3.94; 95% CI, −7.30 to −0.58) were beneficial regarding short-term pain during activity compared with placebo. For long-term nonspecific pain management, bisphosphonates were associated with inferior pain outcomes compared with daily (SMD, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.11 to 2.31) or weekly (SMD, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.05 to 2.21) administration of teriparatide, with no treatment being superior to NSAIDs. The qualitative analysis of adverse events highlighted that typical adverse events associated with these medications were observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

NSAIDs and teriparatide may be the preferred treatment options for pain management in acute osteoporotic VCF. Although calcitonin also proved to be beneficial, its safety profile and potential adverse effects restrict its widespread application. The limited evidence on braces and analgesics underscores the urgent need for future research.
Short-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Antimicrobial Use for Acute Respiratory Symptoms
Authors: Abelenda-Alonso Gabriela , Satorra Pau , Marí-Dell’Olmo Marc , Tebé Cristian , Padullés Ariadna , Vergara Andrea , Gudiol Carlota , Pujol Miquel , Carratalà Jordi
Published: September 2024

Importance

Ambient air pollution and antimicrobial resistance pose significant global public health challenges. It is not known whether ambient air pollution is associated with increased consumption of antimicrobials.

Objective

To assess whether a short-term association exists between ambient air pollution levels and antimicrobial consumption among the general population seeking primary care consultations for acute respiratory symptoms.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This 2-stage cross-sectional ecological time series analysis study using data on daily ambient air pollution and antimicrobial consumption was conducted in the 11 largest cities in Catalonia, Spain, from June 23, 2012, to December 31, 2019, among all inhabitants aged 12 years or older. Statistical analysis was performed from November 2022 to December 2023.

Exposures

Daily ambient air pollution (particulate matter of 10 μg/m3 [PM10], particulate matter of 2.5 μg/m3 [PM2.5], and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was antimicrobial consumption associated with primary care consultations for acute respiratory symptoms in the 30 days before and after the dispensing of the antimicrobial. Antimicrobial consumption was measured as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1000 inhabitants per day.

Results

Among 1 938 333 inhabitants (median age, 48 years [IQR, 34-65 years]; 55% female participants), there were 8 421 404 antimicrobial dispensations, with a median of 12.26 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (IQR, 6.03-15.32 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day). The median adjusted morbidity score was 2.0 (IQR, 1.0-5.0). For the 1 924 814 antimicrobial dispensations associated with primary care consultations for acute respiratory symptoms, there was a significant correlation between increases of 10 μg/m3 in the concentration of the 3 pollutants studied and heightened antimicrobial consumption at day 0 (PM10: relative risk [RR], 1.01 [95% CI, 1.01-1.02]; PM2.5: RR, 1.03 [95% CI, 1.01-1.04]; NO2: RR, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.03-1.05]). A delayed association emerged between increases in PM2.5 concentration and antimicrobial consumption between day 7 (RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01]) and day 10 (RR, 1.00 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01]) after exposure.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this 2-stage cross-sectional study using ecological time series analysis, short-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased antimicrobial use associated with primary care consultations for acute respiratory symptoms in the general population. This finding could contribute to informing policy decisions aimed at reducing air pollution and its associated risks, thereby promoting respiratory health and reducing antimicrobial use.
Environmental toxicology: how pervasive organic environmental pollutants cause toxicity at the molecular, cellular and organism level
Authors: Michelangeli Francesco
Published: September 2024

This special issue in FEBS Open Bio was conceived to highlight some of the current research and future directions regarding research in the field of environmental toxicology of some organic pollutants, in relation to human health and disease. It has long been established that man has been exposed to many new (un‐natural) organic chemicals since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, many of which are found in a vast and diverse range of products, such as agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics and electronic components, which have been instrumental in driving man's exponential advances in technology over the last 150 years. However, an unforeseen consequence of these advances is that our ecosystem has been exposed to a vast number of these organic chemicals, many of which appear to be persistent within the environment, as well as bioaccumulating in living organisms, including man.
A prognostic nomogram for T3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients undergoing radical surgery based on computed tomography radiomics and inflammatory nutritional biomarkers
Authors: Ma Hui , Liu Yangchen , Ye Hongxun , Gao Fei , Qin Songbing
Published: September 2024

Background

This study explores the significance of computed tomography (CT) radiomic features, along with inflammation and nutrition biomarkers, in the prognosis of postoperative patients with T3N0M0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The study aims to construct a related nomogram.

Methods

A total of 114 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts in a 7:3 ratio. Radiomic features were extracted from their preoperative chest‐enhanced CT arterial images of the primary tumor, and inflammatory and nutritional indices, including neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), were calculated based on laboratory data from the 3 days before surgery. Intra‐class correlations coefficient (ICC) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) were applied to screen valuable radiomics features predicting overall survival (OS), and the Rad‐score was calculated. In the training cohort, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified independent prognostic factors, which were adopted to establish the nomogram.

Results

Eight radiomic features were selected for Rad‐score calculation. Multivariate Cox regression revealed Rad‐score, PNI, NLR, and PLR as independent prognostic factors for ESCC patients (p < 0.05). A nomogram was constructed based on these variables. The concordance index (C‐index) for the nomogram was 0.797 (95% CI: 0.726–0.868) in the training cohort and 0.796 (95% CI: 0.702–0.890) in the validation cohort. Calibration curves indicated good calibration ability, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated superior discriminative ability for the nomogram in comparison to the Rad‐score alone. Decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram.

Conclusion

We developed and validated a nomogram for predicting the OS of postoperative T3N0M0 ESCC patients, integrating nutritional, inflammatory markers, and radiomic signature. The combined nomogram can serve as a robust tool for risk stratification and clinical management.
Crowds Improve Human Detection of AI‐Synthesised Faces
Authors: Kramer Robin S. S. , Cartledge Charlotte
Published: September 2024

Artificial intelligence can now synthesise face images which people cannot distinguish from real faces. Here, we investigated the wisdom of the (outer) crowd (averaging individuals' responses to the same trial) and inner crowd (averaging the same individual's responses to the same trial after completing the test twice) as routes to increased performance. In Experiment 1, participants viewed synthetic and real faces, and rated whether they thought each face was synthetic or real using a 1–7 scale. Each participant completed the task twice. Inner crowds showed little benefit over individual responses, and we found no associations between performance and personality factors. However, we found increases in performance with increasing sizes of outer crowd. In Experiment 2, participants judged each face only once, providing a binary ‘synthetic/real’ response, along with a confidence rating and an estimate of the percentage of other participants that they thought agreed with their answer. We compared three methods of aggregation for outer crowd decisions, finding that the majority vote provided the best performance for small crowds. However, the ‘surprisingly popular’ solution outperformed the majority vote and the confidence‐weighted approach for larger crowds. Taken together, we demonstrate the use of outer crowds as a robust method of improvement during synthetic face detection, comparable with previous approaches based on training interventions.
Rethinking Digital Construction: A Collaborative Future of Humans, Machines and Craft
Authors: Mitterberger Daniela , Dörfler Kathrin
Published: September 2024

The vast majority of construction industry processes are labour intensive, and often fraught with errors due to non‐exact assembly tolerances and dimensions. Digital fabrication can mitigate or remove the potential of these anomalies occurring by negating or reducing human site‐participation. But there is another side to the digital fabrication coin – the transition to more automated processes will liberate humans to become more collaborative and creative with machines both virtual and actual. Daniela Mitterberger, an Assistant Professor at Princeton University School of Architecture, and Kathrin Dörfler, Assistant Professor of Digital Fabrication at the Department of Architecture at the Technical University of Munich, highlight the evolving advantages of these new relationships.
“Safe supply:” Even the phrase stirs up controversy, still no definition
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2024

ADAW attempted to get a nice definition of “safe supply” last month; typically a quiet news time, August is perfect for delving into such projects. Safe supply has apparently been rejected as a phrase because even the harm reduction community recognizes that opioids are not “safe,” but that drugs which do not contain illicit fentanyl, for example, are “safer” than those that do. The entire question arises as a response to the opioid overdose epidemic which shows little sign of abating in the United States.
Lubricated Surface in a Vertical Double‐Sided Architecture for Radiative Cooling and Atmospheric Water Harvesting
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Siddiqui Abdul Rahim , Yang Kaijie , Zhou Ming , Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Hardian Rifan , Szekely Gyorgy , Daniel Dan , Yang Shu , Gan Qiaoqiang
Published: September 2024

Radiative cooling significantly lowers condenser temperatures below ambient levels, enabling atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) without additional energy. However, traditional sky‐facing condensers have low cooling power density, and water droplets remain pinned on surface, requiring active condensate collection. To overcome these challenges, a lubricated surface (LS) coating—consisting of highly scalable polydimethylsiloxane elastomer lubricated with silicone oil—is introduced on the condenser side in a vertical double‐sided architecture. The design not only effectively doubles the local cooling power, but also eliminates contact‐line pinning, enabling passive, gravity‐driven collection of water. Robust AWH is demonstrated from a 30 × 30 cm2 sample in outdoor environments (of varying humidity levels and wind speeds in different months) and with no artificial flow of humidified air. In one outdoor test, the passive water collection rate of LS coating reaches 21 g m−2 h−1 double that on superhydrophobic surface, 10 g m−2 h−1. In indoor testing (20 °C and 80% relative humidity), this system achieves a condensation rate ≈87% of the theoretical limit with up to 90% of the total condensate passively collected. this approach achieves effective AWH in a decentralized approach that removes the need for piping infrastructure and external energy input.
Advances in the Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol into Nonoxygenated Added‐Value Chemicals
Authors: Yao Xueli , Li Teng , Chung Sang‐Ho , Ruiz‐Martínez Javier
Published: September 2024

Given that ethanol can be obtained from abundant biomass resources (e.g., crops, sugarcane, cellulose, and algae), waste, and CO2, its conversion into value‐added chemicals holds promise for the sustainable production of high‐demand chemical commodities. Nonoxygenated chemicals, including light olefins, 1,3‐butadiene, aromatics, and gasoline, are some of the most important of these commodities, substantially contributing to modern lifestyles. Despite the industrial implementation of some ethanol‐to‐hydrocarbons processes, several fundamental questions and technological challenges remain unaddressed. In addition, the utilization of ethanol as an intermediate provides new opportunities for the direct valorization of CO and CO2. Herein, the recent advances in the design of ethanol conversion catalysts are summarized, providing mechanistic insights into the corresponding reactions and catalyst deactivation, and discussing the related future research directions, including the exploitation of active site proximity to achieve better synergistic effects for reactions involving ethanol.