bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feminist Uses of Social Media
Authors: Eckert Stine , Steiner Linda
Published: May 2016

The internet has clearly become crucial for feminist organizing, enabling feminist associations to undertake both campaigns and counter-campaigns. Feminist groups and individuals are using social media to advocate policy, fight policy, promote discussions of problems, and argue against anti-feminist, misogynist and anti-progressive ideologies. This textual analysis of feminist accounts on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr and Pinterest demonstrates that feminist individuals and groups used these platforms to discuss structural gender issues, aspects of identity, daily practices, provide motivational material, and both justify and defend intersectional feminisms. Few groups on and site were anti-feminist. Using the theory of fluid public clusters, this chapter argues that social media are especially significant for minority feminists and feminists of color; they enable White and majority feminists to go beyond rhetorical proclamations of intersectionality and to enact alliances.
Authentic Online Branching Simulations
Authors: Bernstein Eric , McMenamin Sarah A. , Johanek Michael C.
Published: May 2016

This chapter describes the use of online branching simulations, with varying levels of production value and using a variety of different development tools, to create authentic experiences for students in online courses. Simulations are a method of increasing student engagement, providing authentic learning experiences that enhance critical thinking skills and foster meaningful collaborative interactions among students. By creating simulations that are online, they are scalable and especially effective for use in distance and online learning environments. The use of these simulations draws on research supporting the effectiveness of simulations in education and in other professional fields, leveraging Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theories and builds off of a Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) framework.
Advanced Feedback Using Dynamic Rubrics, Video, and Audio
Authors: Jaurez James J.
Published: May 2016

The advanced Online Grading System (OGS) allows for multimedia input including video, audio, and text along with interactive rubrics. These types of feedback systems can be standalone or integrated into a learning management system. Utilizing a media system can provide deeper engagement and higher quality of grading for students. In this chapter, an integrated grading system was used in order to test the amount of feedback, time to give feedback, and satisfaction for students with multimedia feedback.
New Approach for Object Detection and Extraction from Digital Images for Providing a 3D Model Applicable in 3D GIS
Authors: Homainejad Amir Saeed
Published: May 2016

This paper discusses a new approach in object extraction from aerial images with association of point cloud data. The extracted objects are captured in a 3D space for reconstructing a 3D model. The process includes three steps. In the first step the targeted objects are extracted from point cloud data and captured in a 3D space. The objects include buildings, trees, roads and background or terrain. In the second step the extracted objects are registered to the aerial image for assisting the object detection. Finally, the extracted objects from the aerial image are registered on the original 3D model for conversion to the point cloud data and then are captured in a 3D space for reconstructing a new 3D model. The final 3D model is flexible and editable. The objects can be edited, audited, and manipulated without affecting another objects or ruin the 3D model. Also, more data can be integrated in the 3D model improve its quality. The aspects of this project are: to reconstruct the final 3D model, and then each object can be interactively updated or modified without affecting the whole 3D model, and to provide a database for other users such as 3D GIS, city management and planning, Disaster Management System (DBS), and Smart City application.
Sourcing Requirements and Designs for Software as a Service
Authors: Gangadharan G.R. , Uden Lorna , Luttighuis Paul Oude
Published: May 2016

Software as a Service (SaaS) has become an important pragmatic in the world of enterprise software and business services markets. SaaS supports the concept of outsourcing where business processes are offered under a service level agreement for a given price. However, sourcing SaaS may not always involve outsourcing with respect to the transfer of internal activities and resources to external service providers. Users of SaaS need to know what strategies to use when determining sourcing requirements. In this paper, the authors develop a classification for sourcing SaaS based on Kraljic's matrix and a mapping of SaaS services to the sourcing structures. Further, they evaluate the proposed sourcing models against two real world case studies.
Rice Husk Ash as Fine Aggregate Sustainable Material for Strength Enhancement of Conventional and Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Samantaray S.S. , Panda K.C. , Mishra M.
Published: May 2016

Rice husk ash (RHA) is a by-product of the rice milling industry. Near about 20 million tonnes of RHA is produced annually which creates environmental pollution. Utilization of RHA as a supplementary cementitious material adds sustainability to concrete by reducing CO2 emission of cement production. But, the percentage of utilization of RHA is very less. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation to study the effects of partial replacement of fine aggregate with RHA on mechanical properties of conventional and self-compacting concrete (SCC). The fine aggregate is replaced by RHA in conventional concrete (CC) with six different percentage by weight such as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% having w/c ratio 0.375 with variation of super plasticiser dose, whereas in SCC the replacement of fine aggregate by RHA is 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%. The design mix for CC is targeted for M30 grade concrete. The fresh concrete test of SCC is conducted by using slump flow, T500, J-ring, L-box, U-box and V-funnel to know the filling ability, flow ability and passing ability of SCC. As fresh concrete property concerned, the result indicates that the slump flow value satisfied the EFNARC 2005 guidelines upto 30% replacement of fine aggregate with RHA whereas 40% replacement did not satisfy the guideline. As hardened concrete property concerned, the compressive strength, split-tensile strength and flexural strength of CC and SCC are determined at 7, 28 and 90 days. The test result indicates that upto 30% replacement of fine aggregate with RHA enhances the strength in CC whereas the strength enhancement in SCC upto 20% replacement.
Finite Element Deformation Analysis of Long Thin Cantilever Shape Parts in High Speed Ball End Milling of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V with PCD Tools at Various Tool Inclination Angles
Authors: Abbasi Sarwar Ali , Feng Ping Fa , Ma Yuan , Cai X.C. , Yu Ding Wen , Wu Zhi Jun
Published: May 2016

In this study the influence of tool inclination angle on deformation of thin wall cantilever shape part has been analyzed using finite element numerical simulations. Polycrystalline diamond, PCD tool has been chosen as a tool material in this study because PCD tool has given better results in terms of surface roughness, tool life and productivity in end milling of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Firstly, in this study, the effect of tool inclination angle on tool contact geometry, cutting speed and cutting forces has been discussed. Then, finite element numerical simulations (FEM) have been carried out in AdvantEdge® for the prediction of cutting forces with PCD tool at four different tilt angles viz. 70°, 75°, 80° and 85° and the results have been compared to the coated carbide tool. Then the maximum magnitude of the forces which occurred in tangential direction (FY) were input in the Abaqus® software as a load acting on the thin long cantilever part and deformation results were analyzed. Results show that PCD tool due to its high hardness, strength and better wear resistance produce lower cutting forces at all angles studied and at an angle near the perpendicular to the surface being machined both tools have lower values of the deformation. The FEM simulation results match well with the theoretical study as theoretical analysis also shows that at angles nearer to perpendicular to the surface being machined, the tool will have lower effective cutting speed & forces and hence proved as the key to achieving better accuracies for long thin wall parts.
Influence of Edge Preparation Parameters on the Cutting Edge in Drag Finishing
Authors: Zhao Xue Feng , He Lin , Yuan Sen , Zheng Wei Juan
Published: May 2016

Tool edge preparation can eliminate defects and realize hone cutting edge, which can improve the quality of the workpiece surface, elevate the stability of cutting process and the tool life. In order to better investigate the edge preparation mechanism, the influence law of the edge preparation process parameters on the cutting edge is analyzed. The paper presents the single factor experiments and orthogonal experiments with the cemented carbide milling tool spindle rotation rate, edge preparation time, abrasive size and abrasive ratio in drag finishing. The edge preparation mechanism is revealed in the paper, which provides basis for the structure optimization of cutting edge contour.
Microfabrication and Characterization of Tool Embedded Ni-Chrome Thin Film Micro-Sensors for Cutting Force Measurement
Authors: Cheng Yun Ping , Wu Wen Ge , Du Xiao Jun , An Chun Hua
Published: May 2016

This paper investigated the fabrication and design of embedded Ni-chrome thin-film strain gauges as micro-sensors in tool holders to measure the cutting force in machining operations. A Ni-chrome thin film as piezoresistive material sensor device is embedded within a substrate structure through brazing bonding process, which consists of a Ti6Al4V substrate, a Nickel-chromium thin film sensor and an Alumina insulating layer. The thin-films were characterized by 3D Super Depth Digital Microscope, SEM/EDS, Stylus profiler, to study microstructure, material composition, thickness and sheet resistance respectively. The thin-film strain gauges are calibrated in a cantilever beam setup. Accordingly, in-process cutting force measurement systems are established. The results showed that the thin-film sensor had good linearity and more elaborate structure and superior properties.
Spiral Bevel Gear B-Spline Tooth Surface Reconstruction Algorithm and Precision Analysis
Authors: Han Jia Ying , Li Lei Bin , Huo Jin Hai
Published: May 2016

To increase the utility rate of machine, the sculptured surface machining method was researched to use in the spiral bevel gear tooth surface manufacturing with the industrial CNC milling machine. The three dimentional tooth surface points are required to design tool path planning in the SSM method. For obtaining the arbitrary point of tooth surface, the uniform bicubic B-spline tooth surface was reconstructed by cutting simulation and fitting programs. The discrepancies between fitted and theoretical points of tooth surface were provided with CAD/CAM platform. According to the results, the tool path planning of sculptured tooth surface machining can be designed and realized further.
The Research on Hard Cutting the Powder Metallurgy Valve Seat
Authors: Ding Ning , Yang Hai Dong , Niu Xiao Jun , Chen Hong Yun
Published: May 2016

Powder metallurgy valve seat is an important part for engine; the material has excellent properties such as the wear-resistance of high temperature, corrosion proof and high temperature stability etc. But because of its high hardness, porous nature and contains many microscopic characteristics of the hard particles and the like, common tools cut these parts wear out quickly. And the valve seat requires higher dimensional accuracy and surface roughness, so these bring a lot of difficulties to cut these parts. Because of Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (hereafter referred to as PCBN) cutting tool has such advantages as high hardness; wear resistance; minimum surface roughness, so it has a great advantage on hard cutting the powder metallurgy valve seat. By hard cutting the powder metallurgy valve seat experiments, to research on the wear form and the cutting parameters impact on the cutting force.
The X-C Linkage Grinding Force Model in Cam Grinding
Authors: Chen Xiu Mei , Han Qiu Shi , Peng Bao Ying , Li Qi Guang
Published: May 2016

In cam grinding process, the grinding force changes with the change of cam contour, and its change leads to create the error of X-C linkage servo-tracking position, all of the factors reduce the cam the contour accuracy. To improve the accuracy of the cam profile, and research the effect of X-C axis servo tracking, the key vector of grinding force to the position is proposed, in which the factors have been considered including the grinding depth, curvature change, cam width, length and other effects. According to the mechanical analysis of cam and grinding wheel, a cam grinding XC-axis grinding force model is established. With the flat-bottomed follower cam as an example, the grinding force of X axis and C axis is calculated. The cam grinding experiment was conducted in the grinding machine, the tangential grinding force and normal grinding force were obtained and the model was verified. The grinding force mathematical model of X-C linkage provides the theoretical basis for the servo tracking position of X-C linkage grinding.
Modeling and Simulation of Single Abrasive-Grain Cutting Process in Creep Feed Grinding
Authors: Nie Zhen Guo , Wang Gang , Lin Yong Liang , Su Xiang , Rong Yi Ming
Published: May 2016

Single abrasive-grain cutting is the key research point in grinding process. Because of the narrow space and quick velocity, modeling and simulation method is an approach way to study the single grain cutting. This paper studied the distribution of flow stress and plastic strain, the temperature field near cutting grain. Then experiment was conducted to measure the cutting forces in single grain cutting test. The validation shows good correctness and accuracy of FEA model. Then orthogonal simulation test was carried out to research the influence factors for the grinding forces and temperature distribution. It is found that creep feed grinding has a large grinding forces than high speed grinding in the grain scales. But the maximum temperature value is affected both by depth and speed distinctly.
Fault Feature Extraction Method of the Rolling Element Bearing Based on Reverse Order Tracking
Authors: Zhao De Zun , Cheng Wei Dong , Wen Wei Gang , Liu Yang
Published: May 2016

When dealing with the vibration analysis of the rolling element bearing under gear noise and time-varying speed condition, order tracking is always utilized to convert the time signal to angular domain. In this way, the smearing effect in the spectrum is avoided and the noise cancellation methods based on the periodicity of the gear signal can be reapplied. In this paper, the resonance frequency variation of the resampled signal is analyzed and its influence on the kurtogram algorithm based bandpass filtering procedure is studied through a simulation experiment and a fault feature extraction method of the rolling bearing based on reverse order tracking is proposed. Effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through the analysis of the signal measured from the test-rig.
The Pre-Travel Error Study of Electrical Trigger Probe in On-Machine Measurement
Authors: Cai Yong Lin , Cui Ning Ning , Mo Xiang , Yao Xiang Kai , Sun Wei Qing
Published: May 2016

On-machine measurement is a high-efficient measure method in NC machining, and there are pre-travel errors during measurement. What is more, these errors tend to present anisotropy, and affect the measurement accuracy. This paper aimed at measuring the anisotropy of probe’s pre-travel error. First, the standard ball is measured by changing the probe angle with the same machine tool moving direction, and the pre-travel errors with different probe angles under the same machine tool errors are obtained. Then, the machine tool backlash errors are measured and compensated, and the pre-travel errors with different probe angle are obtained. Finally, the mathematical model of pre-travel error is established. The method proposed in this paper can be used to determine probe’s pre-travel error with anisotropy.
Analysis of Liquid Sloshing in Partially Filled Tank of Spacecraft during Maneuver
Authors: Liu Huai Liang , Cui De Lin , Yan Shao Ze
Published: May 2016

This for a spacecraft undergoing a continuous thruster maneuver, the spacecraft mass changes due to fuel consumption, and the liquid sloshing has time-varying property. However, the conventional applications in prior literature took these time-varying properties into consideration barely. The characteristics of residual fuel become an important drive for the coupled solid-liquid dynamics, especially in a partially filled tank. In this paper, dynamic equations of an equivalent pendulum model with variable parameters were developed by Lagrangian method. The calculation results showed that the time-varying properties influence the sloshing characteristics significantly. Finally, influences of draining flow rates, the thrust press during the sloshing motions, sloshing induced forces and torques were also investigated. The investigations here provided an effective way to deal with the delicate problem and to reveal the characteristics of the liquid sloshing dynamics in partially filled tank of a spacecraft.
Continuous Data Acquisition Equipment Based on Embedded Linux System
Authors: Zhang Pan , Jin Lu Yang , Wang Peng , Wang Yu Long
Published: May 2016

This designed system adopts the Embedded Linux operating system to achieve this desired embedded characteristic and further it proposes annular buffer technique to provide continuous data acquisition with no sampled data loss. Through monitoring wheel hubs’ operation, which works to evaluate the performance of cars, the system is demonstrated to be able to provide reliable and continuous data for equipment.
Development and Validation of a Series Hybrid Electric Bulldozer Model on Whole Working Condition
Authors: Zhang Bao Di , Zhang Xin , Zhang Liang , Xi Li He
Published: May 2016

Hybrid electric technology had been introduced into construction machinery from vehicle field. Hybrid electric bulldozer was focused by researchers recently. For constructing a simulation platform of the series tracked hybrid electric bulldozer on whole working condition, a model was built through the secondary development of ADvanced VehIcle SimulatOR (ADVISOR), which could simulate its performance on straight and steering working conditions. In the modeling process, bulldozer’s dynamics model, track walking mechanism model and oil pump model etc., were established and inserting by Matlab/Simulink. The field experiments were performed. The data from experiments and simulation outputs were compared to validate the correct of the model. The results showed that the operating parameters of model were in close proximity to those of experiments, which verifying the established model had significant high accuracy.
Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Glider Hydrofoil by Finite Element Models Analysis
Authors: Hong Xue Wu , Zhao Jian , Zhao Si Zhuo , Yu Ming , Yang Yan
Published: May 2016

The underwater glider is a new type of autonomous underwater vehicle driven by buoyancy. The glider hydrofoil is the key driving element of the glider, it works under complex alternative load and determines the safety of navigation of the underwater glider. This paper takes the hydrofoil as the research object, a finite element model of hydrofoil has been established and the dynamic load of hydrofoil has been calculated. Finite element model analysis was conducted to the glider hydrofoil in free and restrained states, and the preceding few orders natural frequency of the glider hydrofoil and the corresponding vibration model and the vibration amplitude in the conditions were conducted respectively. The dangerous area of the glider hydrofoil was found out, which could provide data for optimal dynamic design and dynamic modification of hydrofoil.
The Research of Warning Model of Hidden Failure Based on Data Mining
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhu Qing Xiang , Yu Xin , Wang Jing Xin , Huang Yi Ge
Published: May 2016

Complex equipment is mainly used in important areas of national defense, health care, banking, etc. Consequences of failure are relatively severe, while the hidden failures are contained in the most complex devices as the process is running. Hidden failures in the normal operation of the device is difficult to find, and only under certain conditions will be triggered, while other faults may be led. The stability of the running system will be undermined. In order to monitor the occurrence and development of hidden failure of complex equipment, a hidden failure warning model based on data mining has been put forward, and the theory of the model has been analyzed, the selection gist of the model parameters has been given. The result shows that the accuracy of hidden failure impact value forecast by the model is 93.33%, the impact degree of the hidden failure effect on the dominant failure can be effectively monitored, and the model makes a good preventative effect against the sudden failure caused by the hidden failure.
Study on Production and Environmental Factors Based on GMM of Dynamic Panel System
Authors: Li B. , Yi R. , Li T.
Published: May 2016

This paper measured the new urbanization level and the degree of intensive land use in 28 provinces of China from 2006 to 2012 through building index system, and built the economic model by utilizing GMM system to demonstrate the relationship between new urbanization, industrial structure evolution and intensive land use based on panel data. The result indicates that the industrial structure evolution is conducive to intensive land use. The development of new urbanization and the intensive land use generate structural contradictions, but it will promote intensive land use indirectly through stimulation of the industrial structure evolution. At the regional level, new urbanization inhibit the intensive land use in the eastern regions and promote it in the western regions, while the effect in the central region is not significant. Industrial structures in some regions stimulate the intensive land use directly or indirectly.
Combining Design of Vibration Absorbing and Isolation for a Power Equipment Based on 2 Degrees of Freedom
Authors: Liu Xiao Bo , Zhang Jian Run , Cheng Jian Lin
Published: May 2016

When power equipments are suspended under the under-frame of a rail train vehicles, dynamic and vibration characteristics of the car body will be changed. In order to study suspended parameters of the car body dynamic system, the vertical dynamic coupling model of rigid car body and power equipment under different exciting force was established. Results showed: when the exciting force of suspended power equipment is zero, the elastic suspension stiffness and damping can be designed according to the principle of Dynamic Vibration Absorber (DVA); when the exciting force acting on the rigid car body is zero, the vibration isolation problem of equipment is consistent to the base isolation problem, a good vibration isolation effect can be obtained as; when the body and power equipment simultaneously be excited, vibration absorbing and isolation must be simultaneously designed: the DVA is meet on at first, when ,the suspension isolation system appeared two different frequency peaks, but only , a good vibration isolation can be obtained for suspension system.
Nonlinear Dynamic Modeling of Constant Force Supported Thermal Power Pipeline
Authors: Ma Jun , Deng San Peng , Wang Nan , Wang Yong Yue
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the Hamilton theory was applied to describe the dynamic model of Thermal Power Pipeline nonlinear fluid solid coupling vibration. The model includes the control equation of axial vibration and the transverse vibration of the pipeline, taking full account of the vibration characteristics of the fluid in the pipeline, effect of thermal deformation and constant support, as well as the friction coupling, Poisson coupling and junction coupling. The model is an attempt to the heating pipes and need to be further improved.
The Process Research and Numerical Simulation of Composite Roll
Authors: Yu Qing , He Ya Feng
Published: May 2016

Due to obtain good mechanical properties and cost savings etc. composite roll is widely used in rolling steel industry. It is important significance for composite roll interference fit to study because assembly interference fit between roller sleeve and mandrel affect directly the performance of composite roll. In paper the calculation format of interference fit is obtained by deriving theoretically the interference fit process of composite rollers roller sleeve and mandrel. At the same time, the numerical calculation of the maximum amount of interference between roller sleeve and mandrel is done by finite element method, the results show that the theoretical calculation and finite element calculation are basically consistent, thus provide a theoretical and design for composite roll designer and has important practical value.
Study on SiС2 Nanoparticles to Aluminum Alloy Surface Performance by FSP
Authors: Wang J.L. , Wang H.F. , Song W.W. , Zuo Dun Wen , Zhu L.
Published: May 2016

SiC2 nanoparticles to aluminum alloy surface performance by the friction stir processing (FSP) was studied in this paper, the results showed that the SiC2 nanoparticles to aluminum alloy surface performance by the FSP can improve the microhardness of the aluminum alloy surface, which further showed that by the method of modification aluminum alloy surface had the resistance performances of the wear and corrosion. At the same time, by the sample microstructure pictures can see, when the tool rotation speed was 1000 r/min and the welding speed was 110 mm/min, the obtained grains were tiny and the distribution of SiC2 nanoparticles was the most uniform. When the tool rotation speed was 1000 r/min and the welding speed was 110 mm/min, the obtained grains were coarse and the distribution of SiC2 nanoparticles was the most uneven. This showed that in FSP the main factor of generated higher friction heat was the tool of rotational speed, this was the main factors to ensure grain happen recrystallization. The fastest dissipation heat of the factor was the welding speed, this was the main factor of fine grain.
Design of Equipments for Nonlinear Static Experiment of Rubber Damping Materials
Authors: Zhu Cong Ling , Zhu C.H. , Li C.C.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, the static constitutive model of rubber damping materials, the equipment needed in experiment and the method of experiment design optimization are studied, providing new experiment design and theoretical basis for accurate design and application of vehicle rubber damper.
Tribological Performance Comparison and Analysis on Friction Material: Four Modified Phenolic (PF) Resins
Authors: Zhang Da Bin , Li Can Li , Cao Yang , Lu Ze , Cui Qi Xiang
Published: May 2016

This paper makes PF weaving friction material (p0.0) from tung oil, PF weaving friction material (BP) from boric acid, modified PF weaving friction material (SP) of nanopalygorskite by in-situ method, and modified PF weaving friction material (MP) of nanopalygorskite by blending method. The contrast tests of frictional properties are carried out on DMS-1 friction-abrasion tester. Hot recession test is performed on CHASE-M600 testing machine, and surface appearance analysis of friction sample is made on electronic probe. The result shows that after modification, the heat resistance and thermal stability of PF are all improved to different extent. SP friction material has best thermal stability and strongest braking ability under high temperature; while BP takes second place, and P0.0 is the worst. The heat resistance of BP, SP and MP is stronger than P0.0. The critical temperature of hot recession for weaving friction material on the base of nanopalygorskite/tung oil PF raises by 40~50°C. On the aspect of frictional properties, friction coefficients of SP, BP, and MP show quite stable. Among these samples, SP has the most stable friction coefficient, and P0.0 the worst. The wear rate of SP, BP and MP has the same trend with the temperature changes. However, the wear rate of P0.0 is getting intense with temperature rise. Its wear rate is much higher than SP, BP, and MP’s under same temperature.
Design of High-Speed Thin Steel Plate Roller Based on the Fuzzy Reliability
Authors: Li Xiao Ping
Published: May 2016

Rupture often happens when high-speed thin steel plate roller endures exchanging stress. Based on fuzzy theory, the paper discusses the fuzzy reliability design of roller with random variables and fuzzy variables, puts forward a basic method of digital simulation, and furthermore takes actions to improve the reliability of the rollers.
Design of New Type High-Speed Cutting Deformation Test Device
Authors: Wei Wei Hua , Xie Si Yuan , Xue Tong Ming , Liu De Lai , Xu Jing Wei , Yao Feng Ying , Yuan Cheng Rong , Wang Tong Yue
Published: May 2016

To study the mechanism of metal cutting deformation, we invented a new type of explosion rotary quick-off tools test device which was based on absorbing advantages of existing cutting deformation test device. So that the tool can be separated from the workpiece with a larger acceleration and the complete chip root samples can be obtained. This new type of explosion rotary quick-off tools test device composed of foundation, explosion chamber, piston body, pressure plate, locking wedge and customized tools, which has many advantages such as simple structure, convenient operation and high rigidity.
Experimental and Simulation Study on Friction Condition of the Tool-Chip Interface during Cutting Process
Authors: Fu Xiu Li , Pan Yan An , Wang Yong , Qiao Yang
Published: May 2016

The friction condition of tool-chip contact zone plays an important role in the evaluation of cutting deformation in high speed machining. The theoretical model of normal stress and friction stress in tool-chip zone were investigated and consistent with the internal friction law. Cutting force and friction average angle were obtained in high speed machining aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 by means of orthogonal turning measurement and FEM simulation (Deform-2D). The influence tendency of cutting speed on friction coefficient and friction angle was studied with the increases of cutting speed, the friction coefficient has an obvious declining tendency (from 0.46 to 0.31). When the cutting speed exceeds 1000m/min, the friction coefficient may gradually stabilize and has a downward trend.
Creative attitude in a group of youths gifted in the domain of science subjects
Authors: Sztolpa Monika , Lewandowska-Walter Aleksandra , Lipowska Małgorzata
Published: May 2016

Background

We attempted to assess whether students identified by their teachers as gifted in the domain of science are characterised by significantly higher levels of intelligence and creativity than other students. We investigated the features of their personalities that are indicators of their exhibited creative or reproductive attitude in the cognitive and the motivational domains. As a consequence, criteria will be developed for identifying gifted students.

Participants and procedure

Ninety-seven students, aged 13-17, took part in the study. The students were previously identified by their teachers as gifted. Levels of intellectual functioning were assessed using a battery of tests for diagnosing intelligence (APIS-P) and Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM). Creativity was estimated using the Test for Creative Thinking – Drawing Production (TCT-DP), and creative attitude was assessed using the KANH questionnaire.

Results

Analysis of the results revealed that students nominated by their teachers scored significantly higher than their peers in general intelligence and creativity tests. Moreover, they were characterised by a more frequent choice of heuristic behaviours in the cognitive domain and nonconformity in the motivational domain. Additionally, there was a statistical trend a general creative attitude among the nominated students.

Conclusions

We found that gifted students scored high on general intelligence and creativity tests. Consistency between the teachers’ nominations and our results indicates that the criteria for identifying gifted students are appropriate. Moreover, instructing teachers about a creative attitude helped them to also identify gifted students with higher levels of nonconformity and who create their own heuristics for behaviour. These characteristics are valuable for innovative activity, which is what programmes for gifted students try to encourage.
German Protestants' Interpretations of George Whitefield, 1739–1857
Authors: Kloes Andrew
Published: May 2016

From 1739, Europeans began to publish news reports and theological interpretations of the advent of Methodism, which discussed George Whitefield as one of its leaders. The greatest interest in Methodism from beyond the English-speaking world came from German-speaking Europe. There were three main periods in the reception of Whitefield among eighteenth- and nineteenth-century German Protestant scholars and churchmen: the first in the 1740s, the second in the 1790s, and the third during the ‘Awakening’ (Erweckungsbewegung) after the Napoleonic Wars. In each of these periods, Whitefield was perceived to have been a Pietist by both admirers and detractors of Pietism.
Virtual Communities as a Social and Cultural Phenomenon
Authors: Atici Bunyamin
Published: May 2016

The developments which were experienced in the communication and technology area made internet an important part of the daily life. In this respect, the virtual communities are in prominent place which are insulated from the time and place. In the study, Hakkarim.net is researched that formed our subject as one of the most different examples of these virtual communities. A qualitative research which is based on the observation fundamentally and richened with a survey and in-depth interviews is carried out in accordance with the ethnographic research which is used in this study. The behavior-oriented observations are performed and the oral reports are arranged with the requirements that the research is performed in the natural environment. In the research, the participants define being member of Hakkarim.net which they turned into a social sharing network and virtual community as commitment, unrequited love, happiness, belonging and entertainment respectively. The findings show that the persons in Hakkarim.net were expressing the everything they could not find in the real life, women, chats, words and dreams in this geography in which the people struggle with the problems such as terror, unemployment, violence and the feeling of being marginalized for years in Turkey.
De andere ‘anderen’
Authors: van der Wagen Wytske , Althoff Martina , van Swaaningen René
Published: May 2016

The other ‘others’: an explorative study into processes of labelling of, by and among hackers

While in the sixties hackers were the heroes of cyberspace, they are nowadays often perceived as the archetype cybercriminal. From the perspective of labelling theory, this empirical study examines how hackers feel perceived by society at large, how they perceive themselves as ‘others’ and how they view themselves in relation to ‘others’. Our research shows that hackers – despite of an experienced negative labelling – view themselves as positive ‘others’. We conclude that the features of the hacking phenomenon itself (skillset, mindset, own morality) in combination with the digital context in which they operate, enable hackers to avoid a ‘spoiled identity’.
Stopping Disease-Modifying Therapy in Nonrelapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Birnbaum Gary
Published: May 2016

Background: Current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) are of benefit only in people with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (RMS). Thus, safely stopping DMTs in people with secondary progressive MS may be possible.

Methods: Two groups of patients with MS were studied. Group A consisted of 77 patients with secondary progressive MS and no evidence of acute central nervous system inflammation for 2 to 20 years. These patients were advised to stop DMTs. Group B consisted of 17 individuals with RMS who stopped DMTs on their own. Both groups were evaluated at treatment cessation and for a minimum of 1 year thereafter. Multiple variables were assessed to determine those that predicted recurrent acute disease.

Results: Nine patients in group A (11.7%) and ten patients in group B (58.8%) had recurrent acute disease, almost always within 1 to 2 years of stopping treatment. The only variable of significance in group A distinguishing stable and relapsing patients was age (P = .0003), with relapsing patients being younger. Group B patients were younger and had significantly lower Expanded Disability Status Scale scores than group A, with no significant differences in age between relapsed and stable patients.

Conclusions: The DMTs can be stopped safely in older patients with MS (≥7 decades) with no evidence of acute disease for 2 years or longer, with an almost 90% probability of remaining free of acute recurrence. The high proportion of untreated patients with RMS experiencing recurrent acute disease is consistent with published data.
Investigation of the microstructure and optical properties of Ge films grown by DC magnetron sputtering and in situ annealing
Authors: Li Hui-Song , Qiu Feng , Xin Zheng-Hang , Wang Rong-Fei , Yang Jie , Zhang Jin , Wang Chong , Yang Yu
Published: May 2016

We investigate the microstructure and optical properties of Ge films on Si substrates prepared at low temperature by DC magnetron sputtering and the effect of in situ annealing on them. With increasing growth temperature, Ge films undergo a transition from amorphous to microcrystalline, then to polycrystalline. After annealing, these thin films transform into polycrystalline films with the (111) preferred orientation and identical crystal sizes. The surfaces of the amorphous and microcrystalline Ge films are severely coarsened, whereas the polycrystalline Ge film still displays a smooth surface. The growth mechanisms of Ge films with different crystalline phases in the annealing process are discussed, which can explain their morphology evolutions. Additionally, their infrared absorptions are enhanced after annealing, and this is useful for fabricating high-efficiency Si-based solar cells.
Influence of the cladding diameter of optical fiber on the simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and temperature of liquids using tilted fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Kameyama Akihiro , Katto Masahito , Yokotani Atsushi
Published: May 2016

We considered the influence of the core and cladding diameters on the simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and temperature of liquids using a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG). When the cladding diameter of a TFBG was only reduced from 125 to 123 µm, the calculated refractive index differed by 0.0068 from the expected value. When the core diameter was reduced from 9.6 to 7.8 µm, the change was less than 0.0005. We found that equalization of cladding diameter is required to improve the precision of the simultaneous measurement of the refractive index and temperature of liquids.
A Lagrangian view of longwave radiative fluxes for understanding the direct heating response to a CO2 increase
Authors: Sejas Sergio A. , Cai Ming , Liu Guosheng , Taylor Patrick C. , Tung Ka‐Kit
Published: May 2016

This study puts forward a Lagrangian view of downward and upward longwave (LW) fluxes to improve our physical understanding of the influence of key factors on the downward and upward LW fluxes' response to an increase of CO2. To facilitate such a Lagrangian view, we introduce a new saturation‐level concept based on the LW radiative transfer theory. The Lagrangian view and the new saturation‐level concept enable us to provide, under a single framework, a general radiative transfer explanation of the spatial variation (e.g., stratospheric cooling and lower tropospheric warming) of the direct radiative heating response to an increase of the CO2 concentration. Following the saturation‐level concept, the radiatively unsaturated nature of the downward LW flux in the upper stratosphere, due to the lack of a LW source at the top of the atmosphere, is attributed as the root factor that leads to a cooling of the upper stratosphere in direct response to a CO2 increase. The upward LW flux perturbation further enhances the cooling as a result of the negative lapse rate in the stratosphere but is of secondary importance. Furthermore, this study indicates that ozone is not a necessary ingredient for stratospheric cooling to occur, and the stratospheric cooling is therefore a fundamental consequence of a CO2 increase. The unperturbed vertical profile of water vapor is important only in the lower troposphere, where the relatively large concentration of water vapor leads to a downward LW flux perturbation that warms the lower troposphere at the expense of the surface warming.
Quantifying Greenland freshwater flux underestimates in climate models
Authors: Little Christopher M. , Piecuch Christopher G. , Chaudhuri Ayan H.
Published: May 2016

Key processes regulating the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) are not represented in current‐generation climate models. Here using output from 19 different climate models forced with a high‐end business‐as‐usual emissions pathway, we compare modeled freshwater fluxes (FWF) to a parameterization based on midtropospheric temperature. By the mid 21st century, parameterized GIS FWF is 478 ± 215 km3 yr−1 larger than modeled—over 3 times the 1992–2011 rate of GIS mass loss. By the late 21st century, ensemble mean parameterized GIS FWF anomalies are comparable to FWF anomalies over the northern North Atlantic Ocean, equivalent to approximately 11 cm of global mean sea level rise. The magnitude and spread of these underestimates underscores the need for assessments of the coupled response of the ocean to increased FWF that recognize: (1) the widely varying freshwater budgets of each model and (2) uncertainty in the relationship between GIS FWF and atmospheric temperature.
The Use of Silk as a Scaffold for Mature, Sustainable Unilocular Adipose 3D Tissue Engineered Systems
Authors: Abbott Rosalyn D. , Wang Rebecca Y. , Reagan Michaela R. , Chen Ying , Borowsky Francis E. , Zieba Adam , Marra Kacey G. , Rubin J. Peter , Ghobrial Irene M. , Kaplan David L.
Published: May 2016

There is a critical need for monitoring physiologically relevant, sustainable, human adipose tissues in vitro to gain new insights into metabolic diseases. To support long‐term culture, a 3D silk scaffold assisted culture system is developed that maintains mature unilocular adipocytes ex vivo in coculture with preadipocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells obtained from small volumes of liquefied adipose samples. Without the silk scaffold, adipose tissue explants cannot be sustained in long‐term culture (3 months) due to their fragility. Adjustments to media components are used to tune lipid metabolism and proliferation, in addition to responsiveness to an inflammatory stimulus. Interestingly, patient specific responses to TNFα stimulation are observed, providing a proof‐of‐concept translational technique for patient specific disease modeling in the future. In summary, this novel 3D scaffold assisted approach is required for establishing physiologically relevant, sustainable, human adipose tissue systems from small volumes of lipoaspirate, making this methodology of great value to studies of metabolism, adipokine‐driven diseases, and other diseases where the roles of adipocytes are only now becoming uncovered.
Laser‐Induced Dewetting for Precise Local Generation of Au Nanostructures for Tunable Solar Absorption
Authors: Berean Kyle J. , Sivan Vijay , Khodasevych Iryna , Boes Andreas , Della Gaspera Enrico , Field Matthew R. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Mitchell Arnan , Rosengarten Gary
Published: May 2016

A precise and scalable method is introduced for realizing deeply subwavelength nanostructures through laser‐induced dewetting. This fabrication method is used to realize a three layer planar absorber device that allows for highly tunable selective visible–IR light absorption. This large area laser dewetting method uses a 532 nm laser with a μm ranged focal spot on a translation stage allowing for fine pattern control. A range of laser powers from 60 to 130 mW is explored and it is found that three dramatically different structures, all aperiodic and random in nature are developed. An interconnected metallic nanowire network, partially connected nanowire networks, and spherical or elliptically shaped nanoparticles are observed for low, intermediate, and high laser powers, respectively. Optical absorptance spectra demonstrate a noticeable variation in response to the structures formed. A tunable absorption in the visible range is demonstrated and the partially connected nanowires show the greatest enhancement in broadband absorption compared to the other structures. Finite element simulations uncover plasmonic and magnetic resonances as the underlying mechanisms for the absorbing behavior. This high degree of control over the dewetting area makes this technique a suitable candidate for many photonic and solar applications allowing for precise engineering of the absorbing nanostructure design.
Good job, bad job: Occupational perceptions among Latino poultry workers
Authors: Mora Dana C. , Arcury Thomas A. , Quandt Sara A.
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Immigrant workers frequently take jobs that are physically demanding, provide low wages, and result in injuries (e.g., poultry production and processing). Through a qualitative approach, this paper elicits poultry workers’ evaluations of their jobs and set them in the larger context of their lives.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 65 poultry workers in western North Carolina. Workers were asked to discuss job characteristics, physical and psychological impacts of their employment, and perceived health risks.

Results

Immigrant workers valued the stability, benefits, upward mobility, and pay offered. They disliked the physical demands, the potential perceived effects of the job on their health, and the interactions with bosses and peers.

Conclusions

Workers’ willingness to endure dirty, dangerous, and demanding (3‐D) conditions of poultry must be understood in the context of other employment options, structural violence, and their focus on immediate family needs that positive aspects of these jobs can fulfill. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:877–886, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of workers’ compensation claims data for machine‐related injuries in metal fabrication businesses
Authors: Yamin Samuel C. , Bejan Anca , Parker David L. , Xi Min , Brosseau Lisa M.
Published: May 2016

Background

Metal fabrication workers are at high risk for machine‐related injury. Apart from amputations, data on factors contributing to this problem are generally absent.

Methods

Narrative text analysis was performed on workers' compensation claims in order to identify machine‐related injuries and determine work tasks involved. Data were further evaluated on the basis of cost per claim, nature of injury, and part of body.

Results

From an initial set of 4,268 claims, 1,053 were classified as machine‐related. Frequently identified tasks included machine operation (31%), workpiece handling (20%), setup/adjustment (15%), and removing chips (12%). Lacerations to finger(s), hand, or thumb comprised 38% of machine‐related injuries; foreign body in the eye accounted for 20%. Amputations were relatively rare but had highest costs per claim (mean $21,059; median $11,998).

Conclusions

Despite limitations, workers' compensation data were useful in characterizing machine‐related injuries. Improving the quality of data collected by insurers would enhance occupational injury surveillance and prevention efforts. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:656–664, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.