bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carpal tunnel syndrome in dentists compared to other populations: A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Wei-Ta , Wang Chia-Ti , Ho Chung-Han , Chen Yi-Chen , Ho Yu-Chieh , Hsu Chien-Chin , Lin Hung-Jung , Wang Jhi-Joung , Mau Lian-Ping , Huang Chien-Cheng
Published: June 2023

Background

Dentists may be at a higher risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) because of their use of frequent wrist and vibratory instruments at work; however, this issue remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to clarify it.

Methods

Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database was used for this nationwide population-based study. We identified 11,084 dentists, 74,901 non-dentist healthcare professionals (HCPs), and identical number of age- and sex-matched participants from the general population. Participants who had the diagnosis of CTS before 2007 were excluded. Between 2007 and 2011, the risk of developing CTS among dentists, non-dentist HCPs, and the general population was compared by following their medical histories.

Results

The cumulative incidence rate of CTS among dentists was 0.5% during the 5-year follow-up period. In dentists, the risk was higher in women (women: 0.7%; men: 0.4%) and older individuals (≥60 years: 1.0%; <60 years: 0.4%). After adjusting for age, sex, and underlying comorbidities, dentists had a lower risk of CTS than the general population (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–0.92). Dentists had a higher risk for CTS compared with non-dentist HCPs, although the difference was not statistically significant (AOR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.90−1.64).

Conclusions

In CTS, dentists had a lower risk than the general population and a trend of higher risk than non-dentist HCPs. The difference between dentists and non-dentist HCPs suggests that we should pay attention to dentists for potential occupational risk of this disease. However, further studies are warranted to better clarify it.
The structure of a Type III-A CRISPR-Cas effector complex reveals conserved and idiosyncratic contacts to target RNA and crRNA among Type III-A systems
Authors: Paraan Mohammadreza , Nasef Mohamed , Chou-Zheng Lucy , Khweis Sarah A. , Schoeffler Allyn J. , Hatoum-Aslan Asma , Stagg Scott M. , Dunkle Jack A.
Published: June 2023

Type III CRISPR-Cas systems employ multiprotein effector complexes bound to small CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) to detect foreign RNA transcripts and elicit a complex immune response that leads to the destruction of invading RNA and DNA. Type III systems are among the most widespread in nature, and emerging interest in harnessing these systems for biotechnology applications highlights the need for detailed structural analyses of representatives from diverse organisms. We performed cryo-EM reconstructions of the Type III-A Cas10-Csm effector complex from S. epidermidis bound to an intact, cognate target RNA and identified two oligomeric states, a 276 kDa complex and a 318 kDa complex. 3.1 Å density for the well-ordered 276 kDa complex allowed construction of atomic models for the Csm2, Csm3, Csm4 and Csm5 subunits within the complex along with the crRNA and target RNA. We also collected small-angle X-ray scattering data which was consistent with the 276 kDa Cas10-Csm architecture we identified. Detailed comparisons between the S. epidermidis Cas10-Csm structure and the well-resolved bacterial (S. thermophilus) and archaeal (T. onnurineus) Cas10-Csm structures reveal differences in how the complexes interact with target RNA and crRNA which are likely to have functional ramifications. These structural comparisons shed light on the unique features of Type III-A systems from diverse organisms and will assist in improving biotechnologies derived from Type III-A effector complexes.
Flexible transition probability model for assessing cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening extension to include women aged 45-49 and 70-74
Authors: Shafik Nourhan , Ilmonen Pauliina , Viitasaari Lauri , Sarkeala Tytti , Heinävaara Sirpa
Published: June 2023

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Western women. Fortunately, organized screening has reduced breast cancer mortality. New recommendation by the European Union suggests extending screening with mammography from 50–69-year-old women to 45–74-year-old women. However, before extending screening to new age groups, it’s essential to carefully consider the benefits and costs locally as circumstances vary between different regions and/or countries. We propose a new approach to assess cost-effectiveness of breast cancer screening for a long-ongoing program with incomplete historical screening data. The new model is called flexible stage distribution model. It is based on estimating the breast cancer incidence and stage distributions of breast cancer cases under different screening strategies. The model parameters, for each considered age group, include incidence rates under screening/non-screening, probability distribution among different stages, survival by stages, and treatment costs. Out of these parameters, we use the available data to estimate survival rates and treatment costs, while the modelling is done for incidence rates and stage distributions under screening policies for which the data is not available. In the model, an ongoing screening strategy may be used as a baseline and other screening strategies may be incorporated by changes in the incidence rates. The model is flexible, as it enables to apply different approaches for estimating the altered stage distributions. We apply the proposed flexible stage distribution model for assessing incremental cost of extending the current biennial breast cancer screening to younger and older target ages in Finland.
Baseline preferences for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) or dapivirine intravaginal ring for HIV prevention among adolescent girls and young women in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe (MTN-034/IPM-045 study)
Authors: Ngure Kenneth , Friedland Barbara A. , Szydlo Daniel W. , Roberts Sarah T. , Garcia Morgan , Levy Lisa , Akello Carolyne A. , Reddy Krishnaveni , Palanee-Phillips Thesla , Macdonald Pippa , Siziba Bekezela , Soto-Torres Lydia , Hosek Sybil , Hillier Sharon L. , Nair Gonasagrie , Celum Connie , van der Straten Ariane
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa are disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic and face an array of challenges using proven behavioral and biomedical prevention methods. To address the urgent need for expanding prevention options, we evaluated the baseline preferences of HIV prevention methods among participants enrolled in the MTN-034/REACH crossover trial along with their stated product preference prior to product initiation.

Methods

AGYW aged 16–21 years were enrolled at 4 study sites: Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa; Kampala, Uganda; and Harare, Zimbabwe and randomly assigned to the sequence of using oral PrEP and the dapivirine ring for 6 months each, followed by a choice period in which they could choose either product (or neither) for an additional six months. Eligible AGYW were HIV-negative, not pregnant and using effective contraception for at least two months prior to enrollment. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic and behavioral data while multinomial analysis was used to determine predictors of stated product preference (ring or oral PrEP).

Results

Of the 247 AGYW enrolled in REACH, 34% were aged 16–17 and 89% had a primary partner.The median age of sexual debut was 16 years and 40% had ever been pregnant. At screening, 35% of participants were diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection (STI), 39% had an AUDIT-C score associated with harmful drinking and 11% reported intimate partner violence in the past 6 months. Overall, 28% of participants, had CESD-10 scores suggestive of depressive symptoms (≥12) in the past week. At baseline, similar proportions stated a preference for the ring and oral PrEP (38.1% and 40.5% respectively), with 19% of participants stating they preferred both products equally. Only study site was significantly associated with product preference (P<0.05) with AGYW from Johannesburg having higher odds of preferring the ring and those from Kampala having higher odds of preferring both options equally.

Conclusions

We successfully enrolled African AGYW with a clear unmet need for HIV prevention. The balanced preference between the two products suggests that multiple biomedical prevention options may be appealing to this age group and could address their prevention needs.
Effects of elastase-induced emphysema on muscle and bone in mice
Authors: Matsumura Daichi , Kawao Naoyuki , Okumoto Katsumi , Ohira Takashi , Mizukami Yuya , Akagi Masao , Kaji Hiroshi
Published: June 2023

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes sarcopenia and osteoporosis. However, the mechanisms underlying muscle and bone loss as well as the interactions between muscle and bone in the COPD state remain unclear. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of the COPD state on muscle and bone in mice intratracheally administered porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). The intratracheal administration of PPE to mice significantly reduced trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), trabecular bone volume, trabecular number, cortical BMD and cortical area. It also significantly decreased grip strength, but did not affect muscle mass or the expression of myogenic differentiation-, protein degradation- or autophagy-related genes in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. Among the myokines examined, myostatin mRNA levels in the soleus muscles were significantly elevated in mice treated with PPE, and negatively related to grip strength, but not bone parameters, in mice treated with or without 2 U PPE in simple regression analyses. Grip strength positively related to bone parameters in mice treated with or without PPE. In conclusion, we showed that a PPE model of COPD in mice exerts dominant effects on bone rather than skeletal muscles. Increased myostatin expression in the soleus muscles of mice in the COPD state may negatively relate to a reduction in grip strength, but not bone loss.
Effectiveness of price limits: Evidence from China’s ChiNext market
Authors: Qi Bao
Published: June 2023

Starting from August 24, 2020, the daily stock price limits in China’s ChiNext market have been adjusted from 10% to 20%. We use this reform to study the effectiveness of price limits in China’s stock market. We test four hypotheses about price limits: delayed price discovery, volatility spillover, trading interference, and magnet effect. Using the event study method, we examine the differences in the behavior of stock price, trading volume, and volatility before and after the reform. We confirm the delayed price discovery, volatility spillover and trading interference hypothesis of price limits, and find that these negative effects of price limits are more serious when lower limits are hit. In addition, we examine the distribution of large price movements before and after the reform and find no evidence of the magnet effect of price limits. The present research has important implications for policymakers and investors in China’s stock market.
Identification of a biosynthetic gene cluster for a red pigment cristazarin produced by a lichen-forming fungus Cladonia metacorallifera
Authors: Paguirigan Jaycee Augusto Gumiran , Kim Jung A. , Hur Jae-Seoun , Kim Wonyong
Published: June 2023

Lichens are known to produce many novel bioactive metabolites. To date, approximately 1,000 secondary metabolites have been discovered, which are predominantly produced by the lichen mycobionts. However, despite the extensive studies on production of lichen secondary metabolites, little is known about the responsible biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here, we identified a putative BGC that is implicated in production of a red pigment, cristazarin (a naphthazarin derivative), in Cladonia metacorallifera. Previously, cristazarin was shown to be specifically induced in growth media containing fructose as a sole carbon source. Thus, we performed transcriptome analysis of C. metacorallifera growing on different carbon sources including fructose to identify the BGC for cristazarin. Among 39 polyketide synthase (PKS) genes found in the genome of C. metacorallifera, a non-reducing PKS (coined crz7) was highly expressed in growth media containing either fructose or glucose. The borders of a cristazarin gene cluster were delimited by co-expression patterns of neighboring genes of the crz7. BGCs highly conserved to the cristazarin BGC were also found in C. borealis and C. macilenta, indicating that these related species also have metabolic potentials to produce cristazarin. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Crz7 is sister to fungal PKSs that biosynthesize an acetylated tetrahydoxynaphthalene as a precursor of melanin pigment. Based on the phylogenetic placement of the Crz7 and putative functions of its neighboring genes, we proposed a plausible biosynthetic route for cristazarin. In this study, we identified a lichen-specific BGC that is likely involved in the biosynthesis of a naphthazarin derivative, cristazarin, and confirmed that transcriptome profiling under inducing and non-inducing conditions is an effective strategy for linking metabolites of interest to biosynthetic genes.
Prosocial learning: Model-based or model-free?
Authors: Navidi Parisa , Saeedpour Sepehr , Ershadmanesh Sara , Hossein Mostafa Miandari , Bahrami Bahador
Published: June 2023

Prosocial learning involves the acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary for making decisions that benefit others. We asked if, in the context of value-based decision-making, there is any difference between learning strategies for oneself vs. for others. We implemented a 2-step reinforcement learning paradigm in which participants learned, in separate blocks, to make decisions for themselves or for a present other confederate who evaluated their performance. We replicated the canonical features of the model-based and model-free reinforcement learning in our results. The behaviour of the majority of participants was best explained by a mixture of the model-based and model-free control, while most participants relied more heavily on MB control, and this strategy enhanced their learning success. Regarding our key self-other hypothesis, we did not find any significant difference between the behavioural performances nor in the model-based parameters of learning when comparing self and other conditions.
Spillover effects of RMB exchange rate among RCEP member countries: Empirical evidence from time-frequency domain approach
Authors: Guo Jingbo , Wang Zhiyong
Published: June 2023

This study employs time-frequency domain approach to investigate the spillover effects of renminbi (RMB) exchange rate among the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) member countries. Utilizing daily data spanning from August 2010 to August 2022, we find that currencies in the RCEP region demonstrate significant interaction, which is primarily driven by short-term spillover, and ascend in response to major economic and political events. With respect to the influence of RMB, it displays frequency bands heterogeneity. Specifically, RMB tends to be a net receiver in the short term, but it primarily functions as a net transmitter in the long term. Notably, our analysis of time-varying spillover effects indicates that both domestic exchange rate regime reforms and external political and economic shocks amplify the net spillover effects of the RMB, which may be reflected in short-term connectedness or captured by long-term connectedness.
Effect of speech-stimulus degradation on phoneme-related potential
Authors: Jeon Min-Jae , Woo Jihwan
Published: June 2023

Auditory evoked potential (AEP) has been used to evaluate the degree of hearing and speech cognition. Because AEP generates a very small voltage relative to ambient noise, a repetitive presentation of a stimulus, such as a tone, word, or short sentence, should be employed to generate ensemble averages over trials. However, the stimulation of repetitive short words and sentences may present an unnatural situation to a subject. Phoneme-related potentials (PRPs), which are evoked-responses to typical phonemic stimuli, can be extracted from electroencephalography (EEG) data in response to a continuous storybook. In this study, we investigated the effects of spectrally degraded speech stimuli on PRPs. The EEG data in response to the spectrally degraded and natural storybooks were recorded from normal listeners, and the PRP components for 10 vowels and 12 consonants were extracted. The PRP responses to a vocoded (spectrally-degraded) storybook showed a statistically significant lower peak amplitude and were prolonged compared with those of a natural storybook. The findings in this study suggest that PRPs can be considered a potential tool to evaluate hearing and speech cognition as other AEPs. Moreover, PRPs can provide the details of phonological processing and phonemic awareness to understand poor speech intelligibility. Further investigation with the hearing impaired is required prior to clinical application.
Research on left hard shoulder width of super multilane highway based on PTSU operation
Authors: Ni Zifan , Ma Jianxiao , Lu Tao , Zhao Penghui
Published: June 2023

Part-time shoulder use (PTSU) is a traffic strategy that temporarily uses the shoulder as a lane when necessary. Research has shown that, when a hard shoulder is required to set the traffic function, the left hard shoulder is preferable. Super multilane highways are usually equipped with left hard shoulders of sufficient width, but the wide cross-sectional characteristics make it difficult for vehicles to turn into the emergency parking lane to avoid a breakdown or accident in the lane, which is an ideal implementation object of PTSU. In this study, two virtual simulation scenarios for PTSU were created: one with the left hard shoulder open and used as a travel lane, and the other with the left hard shoulder closed and its original function restored. Vehicle driving data were collected through driving simulation experiments to reveal the influence of the left hard shoulder on vehicle handling stability. The optimal width of the left hard shoulder was determined by ANOVA and comparison of the mean and standard deviation. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of the width of the left hard shoulder on the driving stability of vehicles in the inside lane under PTSU and determine the ideal shoulder width by comparing the stability parameters of vehicles.
Prevalence of sexually transmissible infections in adolescents treated in a family planning outpatient clinic for adolescents in the western Amazon
Authors: Monteiro Ida Peréa , Azzi Camila Flávia Gomes , Bilibio João Paolo , Monteiro Pedro Sadi , Braga Giordana Campos , Nitz Nadjar
Published: June 2023

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common public health problems worldwide, especially among adolescents and young adults, who account for almost 50% of all STI patients. Studies on the subject in the western Amazon are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, herpes simplex virus, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], hepatitis B, and hepatitis C) in adolescents treated at a family planning outpatient clinic in the western Amazon: Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil. A total of 196 adolescents were enrolled. During the gynecological examination, endocervical samples were collected to test for four STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, and herpes simplex virus), and blood samples were collected for the detection of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C. The mean age was 17.3 ± 1.5 years, the age at sexarche was 14.4 ± 1.6 years, and 54.6% of participants had their first sexual intercourse at 14 years or younger. Only 1.0% of the adolescents used condoms in all sexual relations, and 19.9% had casual partner(s) in the last year. In the evaluation of prevalence, we found that 32% of the adolescents had at least one STI, with the most prevalent being chlamydia (23%), followed by trichomoniasis (5.6%), herpes simplex (4.6%), and gonorrhea (3.1%). No positive cases of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV were detected, but 1% of the adolescents tested positive for syphilis. These indicators will support more effective health care strategies aimed at improving the quality of life of populations in this region of the western Amazon. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated high rates of STIs in the studied patients, reinforcing the need to expand epidemiological studies to implement more appropriate public policies and intervention strategies to prevent STIs in adolescents and other vulnerable populations in the western Amazon.
Development of a discrete choice experiment questionnaire to elicit preferences by pregnant women and policymakers for the expansion of non-invasive prenatal screening
Authors: Nguyen Hung Manh , Lindsay Carmen , Baradaran Mohammad , Guertin Jason Robert , Nshimyumukiza Leon , Soukkhaphone Bounhome , Reinharz Daniel
Published: June 2023

Objective

An instrument for measuring intervention preferences applicable to both patients and policymakers would make it possible to better confront the needs of the supply and demand sides of the health care system. This study aimed to develop a discrete choice experiments (DCE) questionnaire to elicit the preferences of patients and policymakers. The instrument was specifically developed to estimate preferences for new conditions to be added to a screening program for fetal chromosomal anomalies.

Methods

A DCE development study was conducted. The methods employed included a literature review, a qualitative study (based on individual semi-structured interviews, consultations, and a focus group discussion) with pregnant women and policymakers, and a pilot project with 33 pregnant women to validate the first version of the instrument and test the feasibility of its administration.

Results

An initial list of 10 attributes was built based on a literature review and the qualitative research components of the study. Five attributes were built based on the responses provided by the participants from both groups. Eight attributes were consensually retained. A pilot project performed on 33 pregnant women led to a final instrument containing seven attributes: ‘conditions to be screened’, ‘test performance’, ‘moment at gestational age to obtain the test result’, ‘degree of test result certainty to the severity of the disability’, ‘test sufficiency’, ‘information provided from test result’, and ‘cost related to the test’.

Conclusion

It is possible to reach a consensus on the construction of a DCE instrument intended to be administered to pregnant women and policymakers. However, complete validation of the consensual instrument is limited because there are too few voting members of health technology assessment agencies committees to statistically ascertain the relevance of the attributes and their levels.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy for refractory angina pectoris
Authors: Shindo Tomohiko , Ito Kenta , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Kurosawa Ryo , Eguchi Kumiko , Kagaya Yuta , Hanawa Kenichiro , Hasebe Yuhi , Nishimiya Kensuke , Shiroto Takashi , Takahashi Jun , Okumura Yasuo , Noguchi Teruo , Ozaki Yukio , Daida Hiroyuki , Hagiwara Nobuhisa , Masuyama Tohru , Chikamori Taishiro , Fukumoto Yoshihiro , Tsujita Kenichi , Kanai Hiroshi , Yasuda Satoshi , Shimokawa Hiroaki
Published: June 2023

Background

Despite the advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, effective treatment remains to be established to improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients with chronic coronary syndromes. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy, which we have developed as a novel non-invasive angiogenic therapy through upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

Methods and findings

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled (RCT) pilot trial of the LIPUS therapy for patients with refractory angina pectoris. The patients who received optimal medical therapy without indication of PCI or CABG due to the lack of graftability or complexity of coronary lesions were enrolled. They were randomly divided into the LIPUS treatment group (N = 31) and the placebo group (N = 25) in a 1:1 fashion. The LIPUS therapy was performed in a transthoracic manner for 20 min for 3 sections each (mitral, papillary muscle, and apex levels) under the conditions that we identified; frequency 1.875 MHz, intensity 0.25 MPa, and 32 cycles. The primary endpoint was weekly use of nitroglycerin. Secondary endpoints included stress myocardial perfusion imaging and others. The average weekly nitroglycerin use (times/week) was decreased from 5.50 to 2.44 in the LIPUS group and from 5.94 to 2.83 in the placebo group. The changes in the average weekly nitroglycerin use were comparable; -3.06 (95% CI: -4.481 to -1.648) in the LIPUS group (P<0.01) and -3.10 (95% CI: -4.848 to -1.356) in the placebo group (P<0.01). No adverse effects were noted.

Conclusions

In the present study, the LIPUS therapy did not further ameliorate chest pain as compared with optimal medications alone in patients with refractory angina pectoris. The present findings need to be confirmed in another trial with a large number of patients. (Registration ID: UMIN000012369).
Release from persistent T cell receptor engagement and blockade of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity enhance IL-6-dependent mouse follicular helper T-like cell differentiation in vitro
Authors: Sakamoto Rei , Takada Ayumi , Yamakado Shinnosuke , Tsuge Haruki , Ito Etsuro , Iwata Makoto
Published: June 2023

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are crucial for humoral immunity. Dysregulation of Tfh cell differentiation can cause infectious, allergic, and autoimmune diseases. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Tfh cell differentiation, we attempted to establish an in vitro mouse model of Tfh cell differentiation in the absence of other cell types. Various cytokines and cell surface molecules are suggested to contribute to the differentiation. We found that stimulating naïve CD4+ T cells with immobilized antibodies to CD3, ICOS, and LFA-1 in the presence of soluble anti-CD28 antibody, IL-6, and antibodies that block IL-2 signaling for 3 days induced the expression of Bcl6 and Rorc(γt), master regulator genes of Tfh and Th17 cells, respectively. TGF-β significantly enhanced cell proliferation and Bcl6 and Rorc(γt) expression. An additional 2 days of culture without immobilized antibodies selectively downregulated Rorc(γt) expression. These cells produced IL-21 and promoted B cells to produce IgG antibodies. Adding the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) antagonist CH-223191 to the T cell culture further downregulated Rorc(γt) expression without significantly affecting Bcl6 expression, and upregulated expression of a key Tfh marker, CXCR5. Although their CXCR5 expression levels were still not high, the CH-223191-treated cells showed chemotactic activity towards the CXCR5 ligand CXCL13. On the other hand, AhR agonists upregulated Rorc(γt) expression and downregulated CXCR5 expression. These findings suggest that AhR activity and the duration of T cell receptor stimulation contribute to regulating the balance between Tfh and Th17 cell differentiation. Although this in vitro system needs to be further improved, it may be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of Tfh cell differentiation as well as for screening physiological or pharmacological factors that affect Tfh cell differentiation including CXCR5 expression.
A Conceptual Analysis of the Technology, Organisation, Environment, Readiness and Industry 4.0 Adoption in Malaysia Small and Medium Enterprises
Authors: ISMAIL Siti Nurul Aziah , MOHAMED Wan Norhayati , OMAR Khatijah , MAT Nik Hazimah Nik , SAPUTRA Jumadil
Published: June 2023

Technology advancement is a primary element in differentiating Industry Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) from previous Industrial Revolutions. This revolution changes the nature of workforces, and the way people work. As a result of rapid technological advancement through Industry 4.0, SMEs are finding it more difficult to innovate and adopt. SMEs have difficulty adopting Industry 4.0; hence they tend to remain inactive. They can, however, reap greater benefits if they are more active and open to this new revolution. The current paper aims to examine the potential for reviewing to investigate, in the context of Malaysian SMEs and the adoption of Industry 4.0, whether the relationships between technology, organisations, environment, and Industry 4.0 adoption are mediated by readiness. Also, the paper analysed the various issues and concepts related to the study through various literatures. The study's results are expected to demonstrate that the relationships between technology, organisations, and environmental aspects are mediated by a readiness to adopt Industry 4.0. This finding will provide information to SMEs on which aspects for the company to improve to be ready and adopt Industry 4.0. It will also be useful to policymakers who create strategies and support systems to encourage the growth of Malaysian SMEs.
Cultural Acculturation Study of Visual Form of Facades and Spatial Organization of Glodok’s Shophouses, Jakarta Barat, Indonesia
Authors: Tiffany Tiffany , Alimin Nurhayatu Nufut
Published: June 2023

Ethnic Chinese is ethnic that can preserve their culture from foreign influence from time to time. China has undergone several diasporas, leading to many ethnic Chinese that we can see in various countries today, including Indonesia. The Chinese immigrants then lived together in an area called ‘Chinese town’ or, in Indonesian, called ‘pecinan,’ whose shophouse (Rumah Toko) is the town’s landmark. It asks how the architecture and interior of the shophouse in Chinatown in Indonesia (one of the Dutch colonies) were shaped and how the cultural acculturation happened in this historic building. This research is trying to study the cultural acculturation of the shophouse in one of the famous Chinatowns in Indonesia, Pecinan Glodok, in the visual form of facades and spatial organization. This research uses a historical approach by analyzing the reconstruction of events in the past based on historical facts. The study’s results reveal the cultural acculturation in the visual form of the facade and the organization of the Pecinan Glodok shophouse from Dutch, Chinese, and Betawi cultures on each building element.
Material-Based Learning in Architecture Design Studio: From ‘Beaux-Arts’ to ‘Bauhaus’ into Current Educational Era
Authors: Riskiyanto Resza
Published: June 2023

This paper presents the development of ways of learning based on material and materiality in architectural education. Some basic principles were founded in a material-based studio learning process when previously developed by Ecole des Beaux-Arts and Bauhaus, two architecture schools established along with the rise of new materials and technology introduced in the industrialization era. Since both schools implemented material thinking as part of their learning process, it has undergone a transformation following the development of new technologies. But there may still be some principles that exert a strong influence on some schools around the world. The critical question is what makes material-based learning still important to develop in architecture education?The qualitative research in this article was conducted in a third-year architectural design studio that applies material-based design through a case study of two different types of materials. This study aims to see the relevance of material-based learning principles that were previously applied to the current methods and practices of architectural education. The analysis is carried out by investigating the development of the learning method in accordance with material issues that are resolved with a different approach. The results of this study indicate that the understanding of materiality is a fundamental thing that needs to be maintained in architecture education to develop critical thinking through material-based learning.
Accountability of the Use of Regional Original Income and General Allocation Funds for Capital Expenditures of Regency and City Governments in The Province of East Java
Authors: Lasiyono Untung , Putri Junnia Pramesthia
Published: June 2023

This study aims to determine accountability management regional original income and general allocation funds for regional government capital spending Regencies and Cities in the Province of East Java. The type of this research is quantitative research using data quantitative tested and analyzed for furthermore get description management income original area and allocation funds general for capital spending. The data used in this study is data that is secondary, namely allocation general, income original area, allocation fund general and regional government capital spending Regencies and Cities in the Province of East Java in 2016-2020. This data collection technique uses documentation taken from the official website Ministry of Finance. Variable study among them that is management independent variable regional original income (X1) and general allocation funds (X2) as well dependent variable capital expenditure (Y). The population in this study is the report on the realization of the budget income and expenditures there are 38 regencies and cities in the East Java Province during 2016-2020 and the sample in this study is 20 regencies and cities in East Java Province, which consists of 15 regencies and 5 cities. Data analysis technique used in study this is analysis multiple linear regression. From the results data collection that has been done analysis show that: Management regional original income and general allocation fund are proven accountable used for capital expenditures for Regency and City Regional Governments in the East Java Province.
Washback Effects of the New CET4 Listening Test on College English Listening Teaching and Learning
Authors: Wang Chao
Published: June 2023

As a high-stake and criterion-related norm-referenced test which is intended to supervise the implementation of Syllabus and diagnose the strength and weakness in college English teaching and learning, CET4 (College English Test Band-4) exerts both beneficial and harmful effects on English education. Conducted respectively from the perspectives of teaching and learning attitude, materials and strategies, the study is mainly aimed to explore the possible washback effects of the new CET4 listening subtest on college English teaching and learning. A combination of both qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted to research on 10 English teachers and 50 students from Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology. The findings reveal that the new CET-LT has made satisfactory innovations in test format and input materials, and it has more beneficial washback effects on college English teaching and learning. However, the phenomenon of “teaching and learning to test” still exists in our educational practice, which affects the efficiency of EFL teaching and learning in China.
Grain boundary-free graphene sheets for better electrical transport properties prepared by an electrochemical method
Authors: Alam Injamul , Yadav Sandeep Kumar , Das Sonali , Subramanyam B. V. R. S. , Mandal Manoranjan , Subudhi Subhasri , Patra Santosini , Mahapatra Somnath , Mahanandia Pitamber
Published: June 2023

Though good qualities of graphene have been prepared by the electrochemical method, the quality in terms of grain boundaries which has a consequential impact on its electrical properties has not yet been investigated in detail. In this work, grain boundaries and their electrical properties in graphene prepared by the electrochemical method have been investigated. The grain boundary in graphene has been examined from images obtained by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The finding reveals no grain boundaries in the graphene sheet prepared by the electrochemical method. As a result, a high current value has been obtained which may be attributed to the smooth passage of charge careers due to the absence of grain boundaries in graphene. The finding suggests that the prepared graphene sheets using the above-mentioned method are excellent in qualities that can be potentially used in various electronic devices, such as field-effect transistors, solar cells, transparent electrodes, interconnects, etc.
Repetition Performance, Rating of Perceived Discomfort, and Blood Lactate Responses to Different Rest Interval Lengths in Single-Joint and Multijoint Lower-Body Exercise
Authors: Rosa Avery , Coleman Max , Haun Cody , Grgic Jozo , Schoenfeld Brad J.
Published: June 2023

Rosa, A, Coleman, M, Haun, C, Grgic, J, and Schoenfeld, BJ. Repetition performance, rating of perceived discomfort, and blood lactate responses to different rest interval lengths in single-joint and multijoint lower-body exercise. J Strength Cond Res 37(7): 1350–1357, 2023—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different rest interval lengths (RILs) on repetition performance, rating of discomfort, and blood lactate responses during lower-body single-joint and multijoint exercises. This study used a counterbalanced design where each subject performed the Smith machine back squat (BS) and leg extension (LE) using 3 different RIL configurations (1, 2, and 3 minutes) in a randomized fashion. Data collection occurred over the span of 3 separate days. Volunteers were randomly allocated to perform the independent variables (RILs and exercises) in 1 of 12 potential configurations. The initial session was allotted for familiarization with the rating of discomfort scale and 10 repetition maximum testing. The other 2 sessions involved training with the different configurations of RIL length using both the BS and LE. Randomization ensured that the BS was performed first in one of the training sessions and the LE was performed first in the other session. Results indicated that longer RILs had a small positive effect on repetition performance, with longer rest durations allowing for more repetitions compared with shorter durations. The largest difference in repetition performance between RILs was observed between 1 minute and 2–3 minutes rest; there were trivial differences in repetition performance between 2 and 3 minutes rest for both the BS and LE. Blood lactate levels were slightly higher with longer RILs. Overall, BS showed greater increases in blood lactate compared with LE, and these differences were magnified over time. Exercise selection and RIL both influenced rating of discomfort, with LE producing less discomfort than BS and longer RILs reducing perceived discomfort. Our findings suggest that RIL influences the repetition performance, blood lactate, and rating of discomfort responses between single-joint and multijoint exercises.
Different mechanisms of Arctic first-year sea-ice ridge consolidation observed during the MOSAiC expedition
Authors: Salganik Evgenii , Lange Benjamin A. , Itkin Polona , Divine Dmitry , Katlein Christian , Nicolaus Marcel , Hoppmann Mario , Neckel Niklas , Ricker Robert , Høyland Knut V. , Granskog Mats A.
Published: June 2023

Sea-ice ridges constitute a large fraction of the ice volume in the Arctic Ocean, yet we know little about the evolution of these ice masses. Here we examine the thermal and morphological evolution of an Arctic first-year sea-ice ridge, from its formation to advanced melt. Initially the mean keel depth was 5.6 m and mean sail height was 0.7 m. The initial rubble macroporosity (fraction of seawater filled voids) was estimated at 29% from ice drilling and 43%–46% from buoy temperature. From January until mid-April, the ridge consolidated slowly by heat loss to the atmosphere and the total consolidated layer growth during this phase was 0.7 m. From mid-April to mid-June, there was a sudden increase of ridge consolidation rate despite no increase in conductive heat flux. We surmise this change was related to decreased macroporosity due to transport of snow-slush to the ridge keel rubble via adjacent open leads. In this period, the mean thickness of the consolidated layer increased by 2.1 m. At the peak of melt in June–July we suggest that the consolidation was related to the refreezing of surface snow and ice meltwater and of ridge keel meltwater (the latter only about 15% of total consolidation). We used the morphology parameters of the ridge to calculate its hydrostatic equilibrium and obtained a more accurate estimate of the actual consolidation of the keel, correcting from 2.2 m to 2.8 m for average keel consolidation. This approach also allowed us to estimate that the average keel melt of 0.3 m, in June–July, was accompanied by a decrease in ridge draft of 0.9 m. An ice mass balance buoy in the ridge indicated total consolidation of 2.8 m, of which 2.1 m was related to the rapid mode of consolidation from April to June. By mid-June, consolidation resulted in a drastic decrease of the macroporosity of the interior of keel while the flanks had little or no change in macroporosity. These results are important to understanding the role of ridge keels as meltwater sources and sinks and as sanctuary for ice-associated organisms in Arctic pack ice.
The crossing numbers of join products of eight graphs of order six with paths and cycles
Authors: Staš M.
Published: June 2023

The crossing number $\mathrm{cr}(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of edge crossings over all drawings of $G$ in the plane. The main aim of this paper is to give the crossing numbers of the join products of eight graphs on six vertices with paths and cycles on $n$ vertices. The proofs are done with the help of several well-known auxiliary statements, the idea of which is extended by a suitable classification of subgraphs that do not cross the edges of the examined graphs.
Some convergence results for nonlinear Baskakov-Durrmeyer operators
Authors: Altin H.E.
Published: June 2023

This paper is an introduction to a sequence of nonlinear Baskakov-Durrmeyer operators $(NBD_{n})$ of the form \[ (NBD_{n})(f;x) =\int_{0}^\infty K_{n}(x,t,f(t))\,dt \] with $x\in [0,\infty)$ and $n\in\mathbb{N}$. While $K_{n}(x,t,u)$ provide convenient assumptions, these operators work on bounded functions, which are defined on all finite subintervals of $[0,\infty)$. This paper comprise some pointwise convergence results for these operators in certain functional spaces. As well as this study can be seen as a continuation of studies about nonlinear operators, it is the first study on nonlinear Baskakov-Durrmeyer or modified Baskakov operators, while there were more papers on linear part of the operators.
Environmentally friendly totally chlorine free bleaching of wheat straw pulp using novel cellulase-poor xylanases of wild strains of Coprinellus disseminatus
Authors: Singh Shalini , Dutt Dharm , Tyagi C.H.
Published: June 2023

Cellulase-poor crude xylanases of Coprinellus disseminatus, strains SH-1 NTCC 1163 (enzyme-A) and SH-2 NTCC 1164 (enzyme-B) produced under optimum conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF), were used in bio-bleaching of wheat straw soda-AQ pulp in totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching sequences. Kappa number reductions of 56% and 58% with respect to oxygen-delignified pulps were obtained after the sequences OXAE and OXBE, respectively. Significant increases in pulp brightness of 6.07% (enzyme-A) and 3.34% (enzyme-B) with slight decreases in some strength properties (due to the removal of hemicelluloses) were observed. Removal of hemicelluloses was further validated by an increase in pulp viscosity (6.07%, and 4.58%), COD (40%, and 38%), and facilitation of lignin removal, as indicated by colour values (48% and 45%) for OXAEQPP and OXBEQPP bleached pulps, respectively, over the control. Crude xylanases from C. disseminatus SH-1 NTCC 1163 and SH-2 NTCC 1164 can successfully be used for TCF bleaching of pulps owing to their high temperature and pH toleranance, and cellulase-poor nature, thus adding to the search for environment-friendly bleaching solutions for the pulp and paper industry.
Poly-Vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)/ Span-85 Membrane for Omega-3 PUFA Concentration: Membrane Performance and Fouling Analysis
Authors: Ghasemian Samaneh , Sahari Mohammad Ali , Barzegar Mohsen , Gavlighi Hassan Ahmadi , Abedini Reza
Published: June 2023

Abstract: For increasing the efficiency of the omega-3 production, the effect of span-85 surfactant as a hydrophobic agent (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 wt%) on the formation of a porous structure in a sub-layer PVDF membrane was studied. Also, the cross-sectional morphology of PVDF membranes was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the surface property was evaluated using contact angle test. The capacity of the membranes to concentrate omega-3 was examined by the filtration of lantern fish oil. Also, the fouling of the membrane caused by oil filtration was evaluated. All filtration tests were performed in batch mode. Results of the SEM images demonstrated that the addition of span-85 resulted in the forming of a membrane with a denser and more hydrophobic structure. The addition of 2 wt% span-85 increased the omega-3 concentration, while the higher level of span-85 showed a negative effect. The best efficiency of the membrane was 42.64 wt% which was obtained by PVDF/2 wt% span-85. This efficiency was about 11% higher than the control PVDF (0 wt%). Taken together, the presence of span-85 affected the phase inversion process during the membrane formation, which improved omega-3 concentration. Moreover, the more hydrophobic surface of the membrane resulted in higher cake formation.
Keywords: Omega-3 PUFA, Poly-vinyldene fluoride (PVDF), Membranes performance, Span-85, Concentration, Fouling analysis.
An Experiment on Apparent Specific Gravity and Settleable Degree of Fire Extinguishing Agent according to Durable Years of Regional Powder Extinguisher
Authors: Dal Son, Ju- , Sung Kong, Ha-
Published: June 2023

For powder extinguishing agents based on the useful life of the powder extinguisher, a powder extinguisher with a elapsed life of 6-10 years was collected from market, factory, and apartment houses to experiment with changes in volume by appearance and sedimentation, and to examine digestive characteristics. As a result of the study, the first, second, and third arithmetic mean analysis of the apparent specific gravity experiments from 6 to 10 years of use, showed that the total arithmetic average of three experiments in the market area with an 8-year useful life was 127mL. In 2012, the average arithmetic average of three experiments in multi-family housing with a 10-year useful life was 131mL, which was found to be inappropriate. Second, in the experimental value for sedimentation, it was found to be unsuitable in the 2012 sedimentation experiment on samples in the apartment area. In other words, the sedimentation test of the powder extinguishing agent should not occur within an hour, but the sample in the apartment complex area in 2012 was found to be defective. Third, the fire extinguisher needs to be strengthened to enable fire extinguisher maintenance and inspection because problems that cannot be used during initial fire suppression occur depending on the place of deployment, surrounding environment, age of use, and maintenance status.