bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frecuencia de patologías gástricas en burros (Equus africanus asinus) en Córdoba, Colombia
Authors: Cardona Álvarez José Alberto , Arroyave Vanegas Víctor , Zapata Gil Andrés Felipe
Published: July 2016

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de patologías gástricas en burros (Equus africanus asinus) del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia. Se evaluaron 137 estómagos de burros (73 machos enteros, 16 machos castrados y 48 hembras), con un rango de edad entre 1 y 25 años, en los cuales el estómago fue evaluado, caracterizado y fotografiado post mortem. Los datos de sexo, edad y patología fueron diligenciados en los formatos respectivos y posteriormente digitalizados. De la población total (137 burros), se encontraron úlceras gástricas y gastritis asociada en el 100 % de las muestras, edema antral en el 56,9 %, parásitos (Trichostrongylus axei) en el 10,2 % e impacción en el 5,8 %. Además, en un estómago se encontró Hemomelasma gastric (0,7 %). Se concluye que el 100 % de los animales evaluados presentó al menos algún tipo de patología gástrica. El tipo de gastritis con más incidencia fue la aguda (71,5 %), seguida en menor proporción por la forma crónica (28,4 %). El estudio demostró que había dependencia estadística significativa entre la edad y el grado de lesión de la mucosa glandular (p < 0,05). Así, se evidencia que existe una elevada frecuencia de patologías gástricas en los burros de las diferentes explotaciones pecuarias de Córdoba, en la cual las úlceras escamosas son las de mayor frecuencia, seguidas de las gastritis agudas y del edema antral; por eso es necesario realizar más investigaciones y concientización sobre el manejo de estas patologías en este tipo de animales.
Capacidad predadora in vitro de hongos nematófagos nativos de Cundinamarca sobre nematodos gastrointestinales de bovinos
Authors: Márquez Lara Dildo , Patiño Burbano Rocío Esperanza , Cubides Cárdenas Jaime Andrés , Montero Acero Karina , Díaz Sabogal Diego , Gómez Sánchez Yonattan
Published: July 2016

La dependencia y el uso indiscriminado de antihelmínticos químicos como único método de control de los nematodos gastrointestinales (NGI) de bovinos ocasiona problemas en el medio ambiente, la salud pública y la productividad de la ganadería bovina. Es necesario desarrollar estrategias no químicas de control. Los hongos nematófagos pueden ser una alternativa viable y promisoria para el control de estos endoparásitos. El objetivo de este estudio fue aislar, identificar y evaluar in vitro el potencial nematófago de hongos de Cundinamarca sobre larvas L3 de NGI de bovinos. Se sembraron 60 muestras de suelo de fincas ganaderas en cajas de Petri con medio agar-agua para el atrapamiento de los hongos, y se identificaron mediante claves morfométricas tres cepas del hongo Arthrobotrys oligospora (L1, XVIII y XXI) y una de Arthrobotrys musiformis (XXIV). Se utilizaron 1 × 106 conidios o clamidosporas de cada hongo, los cuales se enfrentaron a 100 larvas de nematodos. El aislamiento XXIV (A. musiformis) demostró mayor capacidad predadora (96,8 %) que los aislamientos (A. oligospora) XVIII, L1 y XXI (69, 68, 71,1 y 87,62 %, respectivamente). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p > 0,05) entre las cepas de mayor capacidad predadora. Este es el primer registro de identificación y evaluación in vitro de la capacidad predadora de los hongos A. oligospora y A. musiformis nativos de Cundinamarca. Los resultados sugieren que estos hongos podrían emplearse como agentes biocontroladores de nematodos de bovinos.
Los veterinarios titulares de Jerez de los Caballeros (Badajoz, España) durante el siglo XIX
Authors: Suárez-Guzmán Francisco Javier , Peral Pacheco Diego
Published: July 2016

Los veterinarios recibieron diferentes denominaciones a lo largo del siglo XIX en España: albéitares, herradores, castradores, mariscales, etc., y no fueron reconocidos laboral y socialmente hasta el siglo XX. En 1850 se les ceden responsabilidades sanitario-zootécnicas, aunque muchos siguieron practicando el herrado. Con la creación de las escuelas de veterinaria, se plantan las bases de la veterinaria moderna en España, lo cual le da trascendencia en la salud pública, sobre todo en figuras como el subdelegado veterinario y el inspector de carnes, al entender las repercusiones que las enfermedades que sufren los animales tienen en la población que consume sus carnes. Mediante el estudio del Archivo Histórico de Jerez de los Caballeros (Badajoz, España) se ha podido analizar cómo vivieron y trabajaron los profesionales de la veterinaria en la población durante el siglo XIX. Se observa cómo se asentaban o marchaban de la ciudad, cómo atendían las epidemias que sufrían los animales para el consumo humano y cómo sufrían las dificultades económicas de la época y del Ayuntamiento. La destrucción y pérdida de parte del Archivo dificulta la obtención de más datos.
Jesus e a Samaritana
Authors: De Araújo Gilvan Leite
Published: July 2016

O Quarto Evangelho apresenta algumas mulheres que atuam como protagonistas. Esta é uma particularidade em relação aos Evangelhos Sinóticos. Entre estas mulheres destaca-se a figura da Mulher Samaritana em João 4. Ela é uma mulher entusiasta, determinada, inteligente e culta, que se deixa cativar pelo homem Nazaré, tornando-se discípula e missionária do Salvador do Mundo.
O tempo escatológico à luz do método transcendental
Authors: Gonçalves Paulo Sérgio Lopes , Favretto Alexandre Boratti
Published: July 2016

Considerando que a virada antropológica na teologia fundamental contemporânea, proporcionada por Karl Rahner (1904-1984) trouxe à tona a concepção de que a revelação cristã é o encontro entre Deus e os seres humanos, que a escatologia é uma dimensão imprescindível da revelação e que a categoria tempo é fundamental na escatologia; objetiva-se desenvolver o conceito cristão de tempo escatológico na perspectiva da teologia transcendental de Karl Rahner, visando conceber o significado da plenitude da mencionada revelação. Para atingir este objetivo, desenvolver-se-á o conceito cristão de tempo escatológico mediante o redimensionamento da escatologia contemporânea e da hermenêutica aplicada à cristologia e a antropologia. Espera-se que mediante o conceito de tempo escatológico, seja possível afirmar o caráter escatológico de toda a teologia.
Theoretical and experimental studies of the corrosion behavior of some thiazole derivatives toward mild steel in sulfuric acid media
Authors: Berisha Avni , Podvorica Fetah , Mehmeti Valbonë , Syla Fidan , Vataj Debatik
Published: July 2016

The corrosion behavior of iron in diluted aqueous sulfuric acid medium has been studied in the presence and absence of 6-ethoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-amine (EBT), 5-bromothiazol-2-amine (BTA) and 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-amine (DTA). Potentiodynamic measurements showed the shift of corrosion potential towards a more negative potential indicating that these compounds mostly act as cathodic inhibitors due to their adsorption on the iron surface. The adsorbed film of these molecules hinders the transport of metal ions from the metal to the solution and also retards hydrogen evolution reaction by acting as a physical barrier. The molecules were also studied by density functional theory (DFT), using the B3LYP functional in order to determine the relationship between molecular structure and the corrosion inhibition efficiencies.
Manganese electrodeposition from urea-rich electrolyte
Authors: Vuruna Mladen , Bučko Mihael M , Radović Ljubica , Bajat Jelena B
Published: July 2016

Pure manganese coatings were prepared on the steel (AISI 4340) electrode by non-conventional electrodeposition method, in the presence of 8 mol dm-3 of urea as a plating additive. The influence of urea on the electrodeposition of Mn was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry. The morphology of the coatings was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their elemental composition by energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The results showed that the presence of urea in the solution enhanced both the reduction of water and Mn2+ ions, however it also increased the current efficiency for metal reduction for around 20 %. Moreover, urea improves the characteristics of Mn deposits, i.e. their adhesiveness, porosity, compactness, and appearance. Except from oxygen as a part of Mn corrosion product at the coatings' surface, no carbon or nitrogen incorporation was detected in the deposits by EDS.
The association of oxygen-bearing minerals of chalcophile elements in the orogenetic zone related to the “mixed series” complex near Nežilovo, Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Chukanov Nikita V. , Jančev Simeon , Pekov Igor V.
Published: July 2016

New data are obtained for minerals from metasomatic rocks of the orogenetic zone related to the “Mixed series” metamorphic complex situated in the Pelagonian massif near the Nežilovo village, about 40 km SW of Veles, Republic of Macedonia. A specific feature of these rocks is the concentration of chalcophile elements (S, As, Sb, Zn, Pb) mainly in the form of oxides and oxysalts, whereas sulfides and sulfosalts are present only in trace amounts. Rock-forming and accessory minerals have been characterized by electron microscopy, electron mictoprobe analyses and in part by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopic data. Some of described minerals (Sb-rich analogue of zincohögbomite-2N6S, hydroxyplumbobetafite, Fe3+-analogue of coronadite) are potentially new mineral species. Some genetic aspects of the formation of oxidized As-Sb-Zn-Pb-rich rocks are discussed.
Thermal analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes material obtained by catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene
Authors: Buzarovska Aleksandra , Stefov Viktor , Najdoski Metodija , Bogoeva-Gaceva Gordana
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Chemical recycling of nonbiodegradable postconsumer polymers represents a promising route for conversion of waste plastics into feedstock for fuel, chemicals and materials production. Recently, waste plastics have been used as low cost feedstock for carbon nanotubes growth. In this work thermal behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes material (MWCNTs), obtained by catalytic pyrolysis of waste low-density polyethylene, has been analyzed. Following the improved protocol, developed few years ago for thermal analysis of CNTs, thermogravimetric analysis of the MWCNTs material has been performed using heating rates of 2-20 oC.min-1 and curve fitting method in an attempt to quantify the complex oxidation behavior of the material. It has been shown that competitive oxidation/combustion processes greatly influence the DTG curves and the number of fitted peaks.
Effects of structural variations on the hydrogen bond pairing between adenine derivatives and thymine
Authors: Nikolova Valya , Galabov Boris
Published: July 2016

Abstract: The hydrogen bonding between substituted adenines and thymine was investigated by density functional theory computations at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,2p) level. The effect of 20 different polar substituents at position 8 in adenine was examined in detail. Three different theoretical parameters, reflecting the electrostatics at the atoms involved in hydrogen bonding, were applied. An excellent correlation between electrostatic potentials at the bonding atoms in the monomer adenines and interaction energies was derived (Eqn. 2). It can be employed in designing bioactive adenine derivatives that are able to bind with a finely adjusted strength to thymine bioreceptor sites. NBO and Hirshfeld atomic charges are found to be less successful as reactivity predictors in these interactions.
Crystal structure of the cobalt human insulin derivative
Authors: Prugovečki Biserka , Ivetić Natalija , Matković-Čalogović Dubravka
Published: July 2016

The structure of the human cobalt insulin derivative at 1.73 Å resolution is described. Single were prepared by the hanging drop vapour diffusion crystallisation method using Zn-free insulin and cobalt(II) acetate.
The crystal structure was determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The investigated insulin derivative exhibits the T6 form of insulin and crystallizes in the trigonal system in space group R3, with the unit cell parameters a = b = 81.43 Å and c = 33.75 Å. The two cobalt atoms per insulin hexamer and are octahedrally coordinated by three symmetry-related Nε2 atoms of three HisB10/HisD10 and three oxygen atoms from three water molecules.
Application of k0-method of neutron activation analysis for determination of trace elements in various mineral samples: a review
Authors: Jacimovic Radojko , Stafilov Trajce , Stibilj Vekoslava , Taseska Milena , Makreski Petre
Published: July 2016

Various trace elements in different types of arsenic (orpiment, As2S3; realgar, As4S4; lorandite, TlAsS2), antimony (stibnite, Sb2S3), copper (brochantite, Cu4SO4(OH)6; chalcanthite, CuSO4·5H2O; chalcopyrite, CuFeS2; covellite, CuS; native copper, Cu) and iron based geological materials (hematite, Fe2O3; pyrite, FeS2; chalcopyrite, CuFeS2) were determined using k0-method of neutron activation analysis (k0-NAA) in both forms: instrumental (k0-INAA) and radiochemical (k0-RNAA). In order to avoid interferences from the matrix element (As, Sb, Cu and Fe), various procedures were applied for its removal. Elimination of the matrix element enabled investigation from 35 to 47 trace elements in the samples using short (up to few minutes) and long (up to 20 hours) irradiations in typical irradiation channels of TRIGA reactor. The minerals were collected from various localities within the Republic of Macedonia, except covellite, which was obtained from Bor, Serbia.
Insights into the infrared and Raman spectra of fresh and lyophilized royal jelly and protein degradation IR spectroscopy study during heating
Authors: Lazarevska Sofija , Makreski Petre
Published: July 2016

            In terms of chemical composition, a honeybee secretion known as royal jelly (RJ) is very complex product containing water, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, mineral salts and small amounts of polyphenols, vitamins and enzymes. Despite its chemical diversity, the bands originating from vibrational modes of the present proteins were successfully assigned in 1800–1200 cm–1 (Raman and IR) region where the interference of bands from other vibrational species is not substantial. The protein bands were attributed to amide I, amide II and amide III modes and their intensities, additionally, enabled to determine the protein secondary structures. The remaining bands up to 4000 cm–1 were attributed to other group vibrations whereas the region below 1200 cm–1 comprises bands from complex interacting modes within the major RJ components that can not be unequivocally attributed to distinct modes. The work also represents a pioneering effort to collect and interpret the Raman spectrum of fresh and lyophilized RJ samples and to correlate and describe the observed similarities/differences between IR and Raman spectra.
Белешки за јазикот на хемијата. 11. За периодичната таблица и за агрегатната состојба на атомот од цинкот
Authors: Шоптрајанов Бојан
Published: July 2016

Денешново продолжение на серијата Белешки за јазикот на хемијата е посветено на двата елемента од насловот. Покажано е дека и самите хемичари не се безгрешни при обидите да се воспостават логични и прифатливи норми кога во прашање се важни елементи од јазикот на хемијата.
Apresentação - Cursos de formação de professores de História: cenário internacional, configurações e avaliação
Authors: Sapag Ricci Claudia , De Melo Maria do Céu , Dias de Mello Paulo Eduardo
Published: July 2016

-
Emotional Maturity and Loneliness as Correlates of Life Satisfaction among Adolescents
Authors: Johns Nimmy , P Mathew Jerry P Mathew , M Mathai Dr. Seena
Published: July 2016

Emotions which are considered as a basic factor of all relationships 1are very powerful and to a very great extent they control our behaviour, thoughts and all other aspects of life. The behaviour and thought processes are directly influenced by the past experiences and early developmental stages. Emotion is the feeling aspect of consciousness characterized by a physical aspect like physical arousal, behaviours that reveal emotion to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings.  Healthy emotions motivate us and give us energy for appropriate action. Unhealthy emotions are either overly intense or suppressed.

              Smiston in 1974 defined “Emotional maturity is a process in which the personality is continuously striving for greater sense of emotional health, both intra-physically and intra-personally” (as cited in Singh & Bhargava, 1990). Kaplan and Baron describes a emotionally mature person as having the capacity to withstand delay in satisfaction of needs, ability to tolerate a reasonable amount of frustration, has belief in long-term planning and is capable of delaying or revising expectations in terms of demands of situation, has capacity to make effective adjustment with themselves, members of family, his peers in the school, society and culture. Maturity is not only the capacity for these attitudes and functioning but also it is the ability to enjoy them fully (as cited in Singh & Bhargava, 1990).  According to Hollingworth (1928) an emotionally mature person will be capable of responding in gradation or degree of emotional responses, he does not respond in all or none fashion, but keeps within bounds. He will be able to delay his responses as controlled with the impulsiveness of young child. And he will also be able to handle self-pity (as cited in Singh & Bhargava, 1990).
Multiplier method and exact solutions for a density dependent reaction-diffusion equation
Authors: Rosa M. , Gandarias M. L
Published: July 2016

Reaction-diffusion equations have enjoyed a considerable amount of scientific interest. The reason for the large amount of work put into studying these equations is not only their practical relevance, but also interesting phenomena that can arise from such equations. Fisher equation is commonly used in biology for population dynamics models and in bacterial growth problems as well as development and growth of solid tumours. The physical aspects of this equation are not fully understood without getting deeper into the concept of conservation laws. In [4], Anco and Bluman gave a general treatment of a direct conservation law method for partial differential equations expressed in a standard Cauchy-Kovaleskaya form. In this work we study the well known density dependent diffusion-reaction equation. We derive conservation laws by using the direct method of the multipliers.
Using synchronous speech to facilitate acquisition of English rhythm: A small-­scale study
Authors: Banzina Elina , Hewitt Lynne E. , Dilley Laura C.
Published: July 2016

While appropriate stress and rhythm is of importance for any speaker’s intelligibility, such properties are critical for international teaching assistants (ITA), who deliver new and complex information to native speaker audiences. Given the limited time available for ITA instruction and the need for a time-efficient rhythm teaching method, this article reports findings of a small-scale feasibility study that tested the effectiveness of a synchronous speech component introduced into conventional rhythm instruction. Synchronous speech involves teacher and learner speaking in unison continuously, which allows the L2 learner to learn rhythm implicitly and uninterruptedly, and provides rich auditory-visual input, ample motor speech practice and real-time feedback, thereby automatizing rhythm patterns. In a 6-week-long pre-post experimental feasibility study, blind listeners evaluated pre- training and post-training recordings of ITA-produced speech. Data revealed a trend towards more improvement in L2 rhythm working with the synchronous speech technique. Results establish feasibility in both instruction and research.
Efeito de um programa de educação ambiental: o caso da bituca de cigarro
Authors: Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de , Neves Loyane Soares
Published: July 2016

O objetivo do trabalho é relatar o processo de implementação de um programa de educação ambiental na Universidade de Brasília - UnB relacionado aos males do cigarro realizado durante o mês de abril de 2013. A estrutura do programa abordou duas estratégias: (1) Prover condições para que os fumantes descartem as bitucas corretamente; (2) Conscientizar o público alvo dos malefícios do cigarro para o meio ambiente e para saúde. O indicador de controle da efetividade do programa foi a partir de respostas do público-alvo em questionários com perguntas fechadas em Escala de Likert, sendo comparadas as respostas antes e depois da implementação do programa por meio do teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney, bem como foi analisado a efetividade do programa em diferentes públicos, segmentados por gênero, idade e hábito de fumar. Exceto para os não fumantes, os resultados indicaram que o programa de educação ambiental modificou positivamente o conhecimento dos envolvidos em todos os outros segmentos analisados, conscientizando-os sobre os danos das bitucas de cigarro para o meio ambiente e dos males para a saúde do hábito de fumar.
Diagnóstico gerencial para a implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental conforme a ISO 14.001: um estudo de caso no Banco do Brasil
Authors: Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de , Soares Daniely de Freitas , Soares Philipe Ricardo Casemiro , Angelo Humberto
Published: July 2016

Na atualidade, a preocupação com o meio ambiente é um tema amplamente debatido, porém, para a maioria das empresas, essa preocupação ainda não se transformou em práticas administrativas e operacionais efetivas. O objetivo do trabalho é avaliar os pontos fortes e fracos de um banco para a implementação de um Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) certificado pela Organização Internacional para Padronização (ISO). Para tanto, aplicou-se um questionário para os colaboradores da instituição no intuito de mensurar as dificuldades para a implementação de um SGA em seu ambiente de trabalho. O instrumental analítico empregado foi a análise de cluster e o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados indicaram algumas vantagens para o estabelecimento do SGA como, por exemplo, a existência de alguns programas de gestão de insumos e resíduos sólidos na instituição, porém, essas ações são isoladas e não contam com o envolvimento de todos os servidores da instituição, carecendo de um tratamento integrado das questões ambientais com as demais atividades empresariais para alcançar a efetividade de um SGA. Em geral, os servidores com função estratégica apresentaram-se mais otimistas em relação ao estabelecimento do SGA comparativamente aos de função operacional e gerencial do banco.
Impactos ambientais de lixão a céu aberto no Município de Cristalândia, Estado do Piauí, Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Costa Tancio Gutier Ailan , Iwata Bruna de Freitas , Castro Camila Portela de , Coelho Juliana Vogado , Clementino Gleide Ellen dos Santos , Cunha Laécio Miranda
Published: July 2016

O processo de criação e ampliação das áreas urbanas ao longo dos anos tem contribuído para o aparecimento de diversos impactos ambientais negativos ao meio ambiente. O surgimento e o desenvolvimento da sociedade sempre estiveram relacionados à geração de resíduos sólidos oriundos de diversas atividades, sendo estes considerados um dos principais causadores de impactos ambientais. Desta forma, considerando as problemáticas ambientais causadas pela má destinação e disposição final inadequada dos resíduos sólidos, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os impactos ambientais do lixão a céu aberto localizado no Município de Cristalândia-PI (Nordeste do Brasil), mediante o método matricial de avaliação de impactos ambientais. O estudo foi realizado através de pesquisa de campo, com observações diretas sob a área de estudo, visando a diagnosticar a situação da área diretamente afetada. Quanto ao método de avaliação de impactos ambientais utilizou-se como base a Matriz de Leopold, para identificar e descrever os possíveis impactos ambientais ocorridos, assim como o levantamento fotográfico. Observou-se que dentre os principais impactos ambientais, causados na área estão o aumento do processo erosivo, a compactação do solo, a emissão de gases de efeito estufa, a contaminação do solo e do lençol freático, a redução e o estresse da fauna local, a redução da biodiversidade nativa, entre outros. No caso analisado, fica evidenciado que o lixão do Município de Cristalândia possui um caráter degradativo em relação aos recursos naturais locais, prejudicando assim a qualidade ambiental da área diretamente afetada. (IFPI).
An Introduction to Hip-Hop Culture in Guinea-Bissau: The Guinean Raperu
Authors: Lupati Federica
Published: July 2016

This article discusses the provenance and emergence of hip-hop culture as a form of resistance in Guinea-Bissau. It describes a political backdrop of national instability and how contemporary Guinean hip-hop forms took their cue from 1970s New York. It discusses the political stances of Guinea's most celebrated hip-hop artists.
Mafalala: Memory of a Sociocultural Landscape
Authors: Noa Francisco
Published: July 2016

This article is a reflection on the cultural and political importance of the Maputo neighborhood of Mafalala on the Mozambican national imaginary. It draws on the author's childhood experiences of living in the district, and reads Mafalala as a cosmopolitan melting pot ahead of its time.
Angola, a Nation in Pieces in José Eduardo Agualusa’s Estação das chuvas
Authors: Ribeiro Raquel
Published: July 2016

In this article, I examine José Eduardo Agualusa’s Estação das chuvas (1996), as a novel that lays bare the contradictions of the MPLA’s revolutionary process after Angola’s independence. I begin with a discussion of the proximity between trauma and (the impossibility) of fiction. I then consider the challenges Angolan writers face in presenting an alternative discourse to the "one-party, one-people, one-nation" narrative propagated by the MPLA). Finally, I discuss how Estação das chuvas, which complicates both truth/verisimilitud and history/fiction, presents an alternative vision of Angola’s national narrative.
Morier-Genoud, Eric, and Michel Cahen, eds. Imperial Migrations. Colonial Communities and Diaspora in the Portuguese World. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Print.
Authors: Newitt Malyn
Published: July 2016

Migration is such a prominent feature of the modern world that studies investigating its many forms and flows are very welcome. Eric Morier-Genoud and Michel Cahen have assembled an impressive series of essays on migration within the Lusophone world, one which will certainly be read with great interest.
Multi-criteria analysis applied to the selection of drinking water sources in developing countries: a case study of Cali, Colombia
Authors: Gutiérrez Juan Pablo , Delgado Luis Germán , van Halem Doris , Wessels Peter , Rietveld Luuk C.
Published: July 2016

Guaranteeing a safe and continuous drinking water supply for the city of Cali, Colombia, has become a concern for the water company of Cali, the environmental authorities, universities, and entities involved in the water resource. The progressive deterioration of the city's water sources has led to a search for future water sources and/or technologies in order to ensure high water quality standards at minimal costs. This paper describes a variety of problems occurring in the current water supply system in Cali and gives a description of the alternatives that have been considered to solve these problems in the past decades. Multi-criteria analysis was applied to assess alternatives for safe drinking supplies, demonstrating their suitability during the decision-making process when constraints arise due to political, community and institutional interests.
Zinc removal from aqueous solution using novel adsorbent MISCBA
Authors: Salihi Ibrahim Umar , Muhamed Kutty Shamsul Rahman , Hasnain Isa Muhamed , Aminu Nasir
Published: July 2016

Pollution caused by heavy metals has become a serious problem to the environment nowadays. The treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals continues to receive attention because of their toxicity and negative impact on the environment. Recently, various types of adsorbents have been prepared for the uptake of heavy metals from wastewater through the batch adsorption technique. This study focused on the removal of zinc from aqueous solution using microwave incinerated sugarcane bagasse ash (MISCBA). MISCBA was produced using microwave technology. The influence of some parameters such as pH, contact time, initial metal concentration and adsorbent dosage on the removal of zinc was investigated. The competition between H+ and metal ions has affected zinc removal at a low pH value. Optimum conditions for zinc removal were achieved at pH 6.0, contact time 180 min and adsorbent dosage of 10 g/L, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for the removal of zinc was found to be 28.6 mg/g. The adsorption process occurred in a multilayered surface of the MISCBA. Chemical reaction was the potential mechanism that regulates the adsorption process. MISCBA can be used as an effective and cheap adsorbent for treatment of wastewater containing zinc metal ions.
Urban blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in four cities of the Colombian Caribbean coast
Authors: Santodomingo-M Melissa , Santodomingo-Santodomingo Adriana , Valverde-C César
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the species composition of the family Calliphoridae from samples collected in four different cities in the Colombian Caribbean coast. Van Someren-Rydon traps were used baited with human faeces, rotten fish and fermented fruit were used. Six traps were placed in each city (two traps per type of bait), for a total of 24 traps. They were left for 72 hours in each site and samples were collected every 12 hours (day and night). 5654 individuals were identified, belonging to the subfamilies Chrysomyinae and Luciliinae. The identified species were Cochliomyia macellaria, Chrysomya albiceps, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia eximia, Lucilia sericata and Chloroprocta idioidea, expanding the range of distribution for the last two species. The best bait was the rotten fish and the best time to collect these species was during daylight.
Desempeño productivo del capaz (Pimelodus grosskopfii, Steindachner, 1879) bajo diferentes densidades de siembra y de contenido de proteína en la dieta
Authors: Carrera Silvia , Valbuena-Villareal Rubén Darío
Published: July 2016

El capaz es un pez representante de la familia Pimelodidae, cuya producción proviene de la pesquería en el río Magdalena y en la represa de Betania. Aunque es una especie de interés comercial, los estudios sobre su cultivo aún se desconocen. Con el objetivo de evaluar el desempeño productivo del capaz bajo diferentes densidades de siembra y con diferentes niveles de proteína en la dieta, se utilizaron 450 alevinos con un peso promedio de 37,6 ± 2,4 g y una talla inicial de 17,5 ± 1,7 cm, previamente acondicionados a consumo de concentrado comercial y durante un periodo productivo de 6 meses en jaulas flotantes en el embalse de Betania. Los animales fueron distribuidos en dos densidades de siembra (25 y 50 peces/m3) y alimentados con dos diferentes niveles de Proteína Bruta (PB) en la dieta (25 y 32 %). Se obtuvieron mejores resultados para la densidad de siembra de 25 peces/m3 y alimentados con concentrado de 25 % de proteína, con los valores más altos en cuanto a ganancia de peso (150 ± 4 g), tasa de crecimiento especifico (0,8 ± 0,002) y factor de crecimiento relativo (7,39 ± 0,06). De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que la densidad de 25 peces/m3 y el alimento con un contenido de 25 % de proteína presentan las mejores condiciones para el cultivo comercial de Pimelodus grosskopfii en jaulas flotantes.
Modified approach to distillation column control
Authors: Prodanovic Sasa , Nedic Novak , Filipovic Vojislav , Dubonjic Ljubisa
Published: July 2016

This paper contains methodology research for forming the control algorithm for a distillation column, modeled as TITO (two-input two-output) process. Its modified form was obtained by connecting the two parts, and this combination hasn't been applied for such a industrial plant, until now. These parts include: a simplified decoupler which was first designed and decentralized PID controller obtained using D-decomposition method for such decoupled process. The decoupler was designed in order to make process become diagonal, and parameters of PID controllers are defined for the two SISO (single-input single-output) processes starting from relation between IE (integral error) criterion and integrator gain, taking into account desired response characteristics deriving from technological requirements of controlled plant. Their connecting provides centralized control. Analysis of the processes responses, obtained by the proposed algorithm and their comparison with the results from the literature, were performed after the completion of the simulations. The proposed approach to the centralized controller design, beside its simplicity of usage and flexibility in achieving diversity of process dynamic behavior, gives better response characteristics, in comparison with existing control algorithms for distillation column in the literature.
Fibular Fracture in a Female Rugby Player
Authors: Mendola Jonathan A. , Johnson Michael , Goss Don
Published: July 2016

A 20-year-old female rugby player was injured when an opponent landed on her leg during a match. Twelve days after injury, the team's certified athletic trainer referred the patient to a physical therapist due to continued pain. Following fluoroscopic imaging, which was utilized by the physical therapist because standard radiographs were unavailable in close proximity, she was referred for radiographs, which demonstrated a midfibular diaphyseal fracture.

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(7):608. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0411
The need to establish local Diabetes Mellitus registries
Authors: Sreedharan Jayadevan
Published: July 2016

The epidemiologists look at the distribution, determinants and health related states of diseases which will assist in the control of the disease as well as its survival pattern. Disease registries provide information regarding the components of the epidemiology of that particular disease.
Mini-open anterior lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Gandhoke Gurpreet S. , Ricks Christian , Tempel Zachary , Zuckerbraun Brian , Hamilton D. Kojo , Okonkwo David O. , Kanter Adam S.
Published: July 2016

In deformity surgery, anterior lumbar interbody fusion provides excellent biomechanical support, creates a broad surface area for arthrodesis, and induces lordosis in the lower lumbar spine. Preoperative MRI, plain radiographs, and, when available, CT scan should be carefully assessed for sacral slope as it relates to pubic symphysis, position of the great vessels (especially at L4/5), disc space height, or contraindication to an anterior approach. This video demonstrates the steps in an anterior surgical procedure with minimal open exposure.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/r3bC4_vu1hQ.
Silas Weir Mitchell and “The Strange Case of George Dedlow”
Authors: Kline David G.
Published: July 2016

It has been said of Silas Weir Mitchell (1829–1914) that as a young man he was first among the physiologists of his day, in middle age first among physicians, and as an older man, one of the most noted novelists of his country. Mitchell's novels were written in his later life as a means to avoid boredom during lengthy summer vacations that were the norm for that time among the affluent members of Philadelphia society. These novels were criticized by some because of poor plots, which in some instances failed to move along, or for text that offered a stereotyped depiction of genteel society and the effects that war or personal disaster had on the characters' behavior The criticism came despite the fact that all critics agreed that Mitchell's portrayals of psychopathology in his fictional characters was unique and accurate. However, in his 30s, Mitchell had written and by chance had published a fictional short story that not only transcended such criticisms but became immensely popular.

“The Strange Case of George Dedlow” portrays a union officer who was not a physician but who had some medical background and who sustained a series of war wounds leading to severe nerve pain, the author's first description of causalgia, multiple amputations, and the psychological as well as physical symptoms of phantom limb syndrome. The protagonist tells of his torments in the first person in a very engaging fashion. Thus, long before he began writing his, at that time, acclaimed novels in the 1880s, Mitchell wrote a piece of fiction that combines accurate and very important medical observations with fiction of great historical interest. The following rendering of this now classic short story includes selected quotes and some interpretation and is perhaps appropriate for this year, 2 years after the centenary year of his death in 1914.
Implementation of Rapid Prototyping Tools for Power Loss and Cost Minimization of DC-DC Converters
Authors: Kulkarni Amruta , Chen Weiqiang , Bazzi Ali
Published: July 2016

In this paper, power loss and cost models of power electronic converters based on converter ratings and datasheet information are presented. These models aid in creating rapid prototypes which facilitate the component selection process. Through rapid prototyping, users can estimate power loss and cost which are essential in design decisions. The proposed approach treats main power electronic components of a converter as building blocks that can be arranged to obtain multiple topologies to facilitate rapid prototyping. In order to get system-level power loss and cost models, two processes are implemented. The first process automatically provides minimum power loss or cost estimates and identifies components for specific applications and ratings; the second process estimates power losses and costs of each component of interest as well as the whole system. Two examples are used to illustrate the proposed approaches—boost and buck converters in continuous conduction mode. Achieved cost and loss estimates are over 93% accurate when compared to measured losses and real cost data. This research presents derivations of the proposed models, experimental validation of the models and demonstration of a user friendly interface that integrates all the models. Tools presented in this paper are expected to be very useful for practicing engineers, designers, and researchers, and are flexible and adaptable with changing or new technologies and varying component prices.
Smart Monitoring Embedded Service for Energy-Efficient and Sustainable Management in Data Centers
Authors: Marcos-Jorquera Diego , Gilart-Iglesias Virgilio , Mora-Gimeno Francisco , Gil-Martínez-Abarca Juan
Published: July 2016

Information technologies (IT) currently represent 2% of CO2 emissions. In recent years, a wide variety of IT solutions have been proposed, focused on increasing the energy efficiency of network data centers. Monitoring is one of the fundamental pillars of these systems, providing the information necessary for adequate decision making. However, today’s monitoring systems (MSs) are partial, specific and highly coupled solutions. This study proposes a model for monitoring data centers that serves as a basis for energy saving systems, offered as a value-added service embedded in a device with low cost and power consumption. The proposal is general in nature, comprehensive, scalable and focused on heterogeneous environments, and it allows quick adaptation to the needs of changing and dynamic environments. Further, a prototype of the system has been implemented in several devices, which has allowed validation of the proposal in addition to identification of the minimum hardware profile required to support the model.
Community-Based Management of Child Malnutrition in Zambia: HIV/AIDS Infection and Other Risk Factors on Child Survival
Authors: Moramarco Stefania , Amerio Giulia , Ciarlantini Clarice , Chipoma Jean , Simpungwe Matilda , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Palombi Leonardo , Buonomo Ersilia
Published: July 2016

(1) Background: Supplementary feeding programs (SFPs) are effective in the community-based treatment of moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) and prevention of severe acute malnutrition (SAM); (2) Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on a sample of 1266 Zambian malnourished children assisted from 2012 to 2014 in the Rainbow Project SFPs. Nutritional status was evaluated according to WHO/Unicef methodology. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk regression to identify the main predictors of mortality. In addition, a time-to event analysis was performed to identify predictors of failure and time to cure events; (3) Results: The analysis included 858 malnourished children (19 months ± 9.4; 49.9% males). Program outcomes met international standards with a better performance for MAM compared to SAM. Cox regression identified SAM (3.8; 2.1–6.8), HIV infection (3.1; 1.7–5.5), and WAZ <−3 (3.1; 1.6–5.7) as predictors of death. Time to event showed 80% of children recovered by SAM/MAM at 24 weeks. (4) Conclusions: Preventing deterioration of malnutrition, coupled to early detection of HIV/AIDS with adequate antiretroviral treatment, and extending the duration of feeding supplementation, could be crucial elements for ensuring full recovery and improve child survival in malnourished Zambian children.
Necrostatin-1 Attenuates Inflammatory Response and Improves Cognitive Function in Chronic Ischemic Stroke Mice
Authors: Zhang Shehong , Wang Yuyang , Li Dake , Wu Junfa , Si Wen , Wu Yi
Published: July 2016

Multiple cell death is involved in ischemic brain injury. Necroptosis, a recently reported cell death, may be the most suitable cell death mechanism in a subpopulation of neurons under ischemic injury. It reported that a small molecule, necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), has a potent inhibitory effect on necroptotic cell death in vivo and in vitro. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of Nec-1 on cognitive function in chronic ischemic stroke mice induced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Here, 12-week-old C57BL/6 mice received intragastric administration with Nec-1 or vehicle for two weeks after stroke, and then, the effect and possible mechanism were determined. We demonstrated that inhibition of necroptosis prevented cognitive impairment and reduced inflammatory response in the ischemic brain injury mouse model. These data suggested that inhibition of necroptosis provided a potential therapeutic option for cognitive rehabilitation in chronic ischemic stroke.
Assessing and Broadening Genetic Diversity of Elymus sibiricus Germplasm for the Improvement of Seed Shattering
Authors: Zhang Zongyu , Zhang Junchao , Zhao Xuhong , Xie Wengang , Wang Yanrong
Published: July 2016

Siberian wild rye (Elymus sibiricus L.) is an important native grass in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. It is difficult to grow for commercial seed production, since seed shattering causes yield losses during harvest. Assessing the genetic diversity and relationships among germplasm from its primary distribution area contributes to evaluating the potential for its utilization as a gene pool to improve the desired agronomic traits. In the study, 40 EST-SSR primers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of 36 E. sibiricus accessions with variation of seed shattering. A total of 380 bands were generated, with an average of 9.5 bands per primer. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.23 to 0.50. The percentage of polymorphic bands (P) for the species was 87.11%, suggesting a high degree of genetic diversity. Based on population structure analysis, four groups were formed, similar to results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed the majority of genetic variation occurred within geographical regions (83.40%). Two genotypes from Y1005 and ZhN06 were used to generate seven F1 hybrids. The molecular and morphological diversity analysis of F1 population revealed rich genetic variation and high level of seed shattering variation in F1 population, resulting in significant improvement of the genetic base and desired agronomic traits.
Protecting Skeletal Muscle with Protein and Amino Acid during Periods of Disuse
Authors: Galvan Elfego , Arentson-Lantz Emily , Lamon Séverine , Paddon-Jones Douglas
Published: July 2016

Habitual sedentary behavior increases risk of chronic disease, hospitalization and poor quality of life. Short-term bed rest or disuse accelerates the loss of muscle mass, function, and glucose tolerance. Optimizing nutritional practices and protein intake may reduce the consequences of disuse by preserving metabolic homeostasis and muscle mass and function. Most modes of physical inactivity have the potential to negatively impact the health of older adults more than their younger counterparts. Mechanistically, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling and muscle protein synthesis are negatively affected by disuse. This contributes to reduced muscle quality and is accompanied by impaired glucose regulation. Simply encouraging increased protein and/or energy consumption is a well-intentioned, but often impractical strategy to protect muscle health. Emerging evidence suggests that leucine supplemented meals may partially and temporarily protect skeletal muscle during disuse by preserving anabolism and mitigating reductions in mass, function and metabolic homeostasis.
The Emerging Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Insulin Resistance and Metabolism
Authors: Yoon Mee-Sup
Published: July 2016

Insulin is required for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Despite the importance of insulin sensitivity to metabolic health, the mechanisms that induce insulin resistance remain unclear. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) belong to the essential amino acids, which are both direct and indirect nutrient signals. Even though BCAAs have been reported to improve metabolic health, an increased BCAA plasma level is associated with a high risk of metabolic disorder and future insulin resistance, or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) by BCAAs has been suggested to cause insulin resistance. In addition, defective BCAA oxidative metabolism might occur in obesity, leading to a further accumulation of BCAAs and toxic intermediates. This review provides the current understanding of the mechanism of BCAA-induced mTORC1 activation, as well as the effect of mTOR activation on metabolic health in terms of insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, the effects of impaired BCAA metabolism will be discussed in detail.