bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Smart Packaging Based on Chitosan-PVA/Binahong Extract as an Antibacterial Plastic
Authors: Aras Neny Rasnyanti M , Lestari Mega Fia , Irwana Adinda
Published: July 2024

Chitosan-PVA composite with the addition of binahong extract is a bioplastic that is being developed aims to make eco-friendly product and contain antibacterial agents. This bioplastic is useful as packaging to maintain the freshness quality of food. The purpose of this research is to study and develop smart packaging with the addition of binahong leaf extract as an antibacterial agent. The manufacture of plastic in this study was carried out by varying the addition of binahong leaf extract ranging from 60-100%. The characteristics of the chitosan-PVA plastic were tested through FTIR, water uptake, and antibacterial tests. Chitosan-PVA plastic with the addition of 100% concentration of binahong extract had a good bacterial inhibition of 12 mm. The resulting chitosan-PVA plastic with binahong extract showed the presence of chemical bonds between the chitosan, PVA and flavonoid groups. The bioplastics produced have quite a large water uptake compared to non-biodegradable commercial packaging, reaching 491.52% with the addition of 90% binahong extract with the best antibacterial capabilities in the packaging with the addition of 100% binahong extract.
PROJECT ACTIVITIES MODELING OF SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES
Authors: Semenchuk Kateryna
Published: July 2024

The work is devoted to the consideration of the information system components, which can be used for effective organization and This study is devoted to the reseach of supply chain strategies in project activities. Considered strategies for supply chains, through which better customer service will lead to increased supplies and reduced costs, will bring benefits to all supply chain stakeholders. An illustrative example of a long-term project in the supply chain is provided - the project of the ship acquisition. The ship's life cycle is specified from the standpoint of various participants involved in fleet renewal (replenishment) project. Analyzing each phase of the shipping company's life cycle, risks are examined for each phase of the life cycle, including strategic, economic, commercial, credit, informational, ecological. Alternative supply chain strategies are identified. Taking into account the main objectives of supply chain management, a hybrid strategy can be identified that uses both lean and flexible supply chains. When implementing such a strategy, it is possible to reduce the total order fulfillment time; ensure reliability, correct frequency of delivery, quality and flexibility of delivery; optimize inventory levels throughout the supply chain and minimize total costs. Phases of the life cycle of a supply chain management project are highlighted, as the relationships and obligations between various stakeholders require the construction of a flexible supply chain. Such a supply chain involves solving a series of tasks to meet the requirements of stakeholders and customers; before the project reaches the completion phase. The preparation and implementation of individual projects, taking into account the life cycle stage, are carried out based on the selection of supply chain development strategies.This need is realized with the help of formalized methods for selecting projects that most correspond to the company's development strategy and the stage of its life cycle. Depending on the goals of the management, the strategies for further development implemented through individual projects will be different. Based on what development strategy the company sets for itself, this will be the main list of projects that have the greatest value for the company. This research holds both theoretical and practical significance. Theoretically, it contributes to the development of the theory of supply chain management, project management, and strategic management, particularly in the domain of project planning and execution. Practically, it serves as a decision-making tool in the development and implementation of strategies through projects within the supply chain.
Literasi Kesehatan Mental, Strategi Coping terhadap Perilaku Mencari Bantuan pada Remaja
Authors: Ali Mauna , Zakiah Ernita , Akbar Zarina , Nugroho Pramudya Ardyagarini , Khofifah Khadijah Nur , Khoiruningrum Lulu
Published: July 2024

There are many problems that adolescents experience with mental health, but unfortunately these are foten not addressed by professionals. This is due to adolescents' lack of mental health literacy, fear of stigma, and feeling that professional help is not important. The prupose of this study is to examine the influence of mental health literacy, Coping  srategies, and help-seeking behavior in adolescents. Several previous studies have examined that the relationship between mental health literacy with help-seeking behavior and Coping  strategies with help-seeking behavior. The result explain that there is a relationship between mental health literacy with help-seeking behavior and Coping  strategies with help seeking behavior. No research has been found that examines the role of mental health literacy and Coping  strategies on help-seeking behavior in adolescents. This study used a quantitative method with a questionnaire for a data collection. The measuring instruments used were the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (MHKQ) by Jung et al., (2016), the Coping  Stress Scale developed by Akhtar and Helmi (2014), and the Help Seeking Behavior Scale created by Mackenzie, et al. (2004). All three measuring instruments have been adapted and pilot tested. The findings showed that mental health literacy and Coping  strategies have a positive and significant effect on adolescent help-seeking behavior.
 
Abstrak
Banyaknya permasalahan yang dialami remaja terkait kesehatan mental, namun sayangnya hal ini sering tidak mendapatkan penanganan oleh professional. Hal ini terjadi karena kurangnya literasi kesehatan mental yang dimiliki remaja, kekhawatiran akan stigma dan perasaan bahwa bantuan professional tidak penting. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh literasi kesehatan mental, strategi Coping  terhadap perilaku mencari bantuan pada remaja. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu telah mengkaji hubungan antara literasi kesehatan mental dengan perilaku mencari bantuan serta strategi Coping  dengan perilaku mencari bantuan. Hasilnya menjelaskan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara literasi kesehatan mental dengan perilaku mencari bantuan dan strategi Coping  dengan perilaku mencari bantuan. Belum ditemukan penelitian yang mengkaji peran literasi kesehatan mental dan strategi Coping  terhadap perilaku mencari bantuan pada remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan kuesioner untuk pengambilan data. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire (MHKQ) oleh Jung dkk. (2016), Coping  Stress Scale yang dikembangkan oleh Akhtar dan Helmi (2014), dan Help Seeking Behavior Scale yang dibuat oleh Mackenzie, dkk. (2004). Ketiga alat ukur telah diadaptasi dan diuji coba. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi kesehatan mental dan strategi Coping  berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perilaku mencari bantuan pada remaja.
The Impact of Ottoman Modernization on the Birth of Western-Influenced Aesthetic Arts
Authors: Gemici Nurettin
Published: July 2024

The concept of modernisation is an indicator of the change and transformation of societies as a socio-economic and political process. Modernisation in the Ottoman State developed differently due to the interaction of its own internal dynamics and external factors. In the 19th century, Ottoman modernisation, which developed differently from the modernisation of Western Europe, has been handled from different perspectives by the experts of the subject. Ottoman modernisation was the search for a new path to be followed in order to regain superiority over Europe, which had fallen behind politically and militarily. The idea of modernisation in the Ottoman State is seen as a struggle of the state administration in order to get rid of the unfavourable conditions in which the state found itself, rather than a spontaneous change in the process of social change as in Western Europe. Despite the rapid change and transformation of industry, legal system, military organisation, political structure and economic structure in Europe, the Ottoman State managed to maintain its advanced position in social, economic, political and military fields. What bothered the Ottoman State the most about all these events was its military backwardness. This backwardness was manifested not only in weapon technology but also in the failure of organisation before and after the war. As for social and cultural innovations, the Ottoman modernisation process, which started with the Tanzimat period, gained momentum and developed with the Constitutional Monarchy periods, but it could not succeed because the traditional state structure and religious approach could not be easily abandoned. This modernisation process, which started in the late Ottoman period, continued in a different track and rapidly after the Republic. It can be said that Ottoman modernisation started with the concern of catching up with the West in military and bureaucratic terms and evolved into a process brought about by different social, economic and political dynamics.
Распространение вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 6 по 12 июля 2024 г.
Authors: Поспелов Михаил , Чумачкова Елена , Краснов Ярослав , Осина Наталия , Зимирова Анастасия , Иванова Александра , Карнаухов Игорь , Караваева Татьяна , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: July 2024

Представлены данные о распространенности вариантов вируса SARS-COV-2, вызывающих интерес (VOI) и находящихся под наблюдением (VUM), на основе количества их геномов, депонированных в базу данных GISAID за неделю с 6 по 12 июля 2024 г.
Multiple Brain Tumor with Modified DenseNet121 Architecture Using Brain MRI Images
Authors: Sal Sabila Syaqila , Peni Agustin Tjahyaningtyas Hapsari
Published: July 2024

Brain tumors are capable of developing in individuals of all ages and can originate from brain tissue in various shapes and sizes. As a result, it is critical to quickly identify patients in order to expedite treatment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain is an appropriate technique for identifying chronic conditions, including tumors. Deep learning methodologies have suggested numerous medical analysis strategies for health monitoring and brain tumor identification. This study used a modified version of DenseNet121 to accurately categorize three different forms of brain tumors: meningioma, pituitary, and glioma. Following the last transition layer, the DenseNet121 modification adds DropOut and GlobalAveragePooling layers. We determine the optimal hyperparameters that yield the highest performance by comparing several factors, including dropout, epoch, optimizer, and activation function. Evaluation of classification performance involves a comparison between Basic CNN and Basic DenseNet. Results of the analysis show that the modified DenseNet121 model works best with the following ideal hyperparameters: ADAM optimizer, Softmax activation, 150 epochs of training, and an 0.8 dropout rate. The performance results show an accuracy value of 0.9782, exceeding previous research findings.
Ethical Projects in the Field of Teacher Education: Experience of the Ethical Center of L.N. Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University
Authors: Meleshko Elena D. ,   L.N. Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University, Nazarova Yulia V. ,   L.N. Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2024

The paper discusses the experience of research and educational activities of the Ethics Center of the Tula region, operating within the framework of the Department of Philosophy and Cul­tural Studies and the Research Laboratory of Sociology and Applied Ethics of L.N. Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University. The Ethics Center was formed on the basis of research tra­ditions of the Chair of Ethics of Lomonosov Moscow State University and the Department of Ethics of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The relevance of the Ethics Center projects is determined by the fact that they contributed to the combination of research approaches characteristic of academic and university science, ensuring the practi­cal implementation of fundamental theoretical research in the process of training pedagogical staff for higher education (including staff of higher qualification). The novelty of the projects of the Ethics Center is set by the fact that they were aimed at the integration of fundamental theoretical research in the field of ethics and their practical implementation in the sphere of pedagogical education. The main projects of the Ethics Center, which have received sci­entific, teaching, methodological and educational approbation, are: 1) a research project on the history of Russian ethics and ethical education in Russia, 2) a project to create inte­gral ethics, and 3) a project to develop the foundations of digital ethics. With regard to each of the projects, the paper discusses: a) history and content; b) scientific and methodological support; c) implementation in the educational process; d) institutions on the basis of which it was implemented. The project “History of Russian Ethics and Ethical Education in Russia” includes the analysis of moral and religious teachings of L.N. Tolstoy and A.S. Khomyakov in the context of the history of ethical teachings in Russia. It not only contributed to historical and ethical research, but also revealed the conceptual foundations of integral ethics, which contributed to the creation of an original scientific school in the Tula region. The project “In­tegral Ethics” allowed to reveal the interrelationships of philosophical, applied and profes­sional types of ethics. The complex of integral ethical knowledge was realized in profile courses on applied and professional ethics (“ethics of education”, “ethics of law”, “parlia­mentary ethics”, etc.). In the course of the project “Digital Ethics” the theoretical basis and applied implication of digital ethics as a new field of applied ethical research were revealed.
Index of “Ethicality” of AI Systems in Medicine: From Theory to Practice
Authors: Ugleva Anastasia V. ,   HSE University, Shilova Valentina A. , Karpova Elizaveta A. ,   HSE University,   HSE University
Published: July 2024

The article presents the methodology developed in the HSE University – Index of Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Systems. The task of developing this Index was to assess real and possible ethical risks arising at all stages of the life cycle of AI systems. The system itself does not possess any “ethics”, while socially acceptable, morally permissible, and necessary may be the actions of developers and data providers in the process of its design, as well as of operators and consumers in the process of piloting and implementation. Several issues re­lated, for example, to the confidentiality of personal data, to liability, are partly regulated by the current legislation, while most of the threats are only predicted. The methodology is de­signed for the purposes of the medical community, which needs to confirm the moral sound­ness and compliance with professional standards for the introduction of new technologies into clinical practice; and as a tool that can be used in the activities of ethics commissions, similar to bioethics committees, when approving relevant medical research involving AI; as a supplement to voluntary technical certification procedures, as well as in forensic medi­cal examinations. The Index reflects the most pressing issues – such as issues of trust, dis­tributed responsibility, data privacy, transparency and explainability of AI models, fairness, and non-discrimination. The uniqueness of the Index lies in its underlying interdisciplinary approach, which includes the methodology of “value design” and field sociological research, which made it possible to combine theoretical humanitarian approaches to understanding the content of key moral concepts, with their interpretation in professional medical ethics. This makes the “Index” not only interesting from a theoretical point of view to formalize ethical concepts, but also useful from a practical point of view – as an example of the ap­plied meaning of ethics and the use of its tools to solve socially significant problems.
Three Versions of Kenosis. On Moral and Philosophical Interpretations of Christ’s Self-humiliation
Authors: Brodsky Alexander I. ,   Saint Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

The article explores various theological interpretations of the Gospel tale of the so-called “self-abasement of Christ” or “kenosis”. The author assumes that these interpretations rep­resent the main types of moral and philosophical views of life. He identifies three versions of kenosis: ascension, pervasion, and powerlessness. The first version assumes that the life of Christ was the process of perfecting, during which the conditions of earthly human life were overcome; the second version claims that Christ did not overcome the conditions of earthly existence, but showed how one can achieve the Kingdom of Heaven within its limits; the third regards kenosis as a tale that reveals the powerlessness of God in the face of the world He created. These three versions of kenosis correspond to three types of moral and philosophical attitudes toward life. The first approach can be called “futuristic”: the world must necessarily become better than it is now. The second approach is defined as “instant”: one cannot amend the world, but can always find freedom and self-sufficiency within it. The third approach is “replenishing”: the history of mankind is devoid of any up­ward direction, but is subject to some of our volitional efforts, which can be either con­structive, i.e. changing existing norms and values according to the circumstances, or de­structive, i.e. aimed at violence and destruction. The last one – as well as the dichotomy in­herent to it – is, of course, the most relevant for the modern secularized world.
Butyric Acid Suppresses Adipogenesis Triggered by Intermittent Hypoxia and Hypercapnia via sAC/cAMP/PKA Pathway Modulation
Authors: Su Miao-Shang , Anya Rukkaiya Abdullahi , Zhao Yi-Min , Zhou Luan , Huang Nan , Geng Xuan , REN Xi-Kai , Xia Jing , Liu Chao-Peng
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To explore whether intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia i.e, intermittent hypoxic-hypercapnia (IHH), the main characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), induce adipogenesis, and assess the inhibitory effect of butyric acid, (BA) on intermittent hypoxia or hypercapnia accelerated adipogenesis.
Method:
To determine the potential impact IHH on adipogenesis, cells were exposed to simultaneous transient hypoxic-hypercapnia (4% O2, 10% CO2) for 48 hours. Intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation of groups above was observed using an Oil Red O stain and triglyceride assay. To clarify the underlying mechanism, the expression level of the pro-adipogenic markers including peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP)α, CEBPβ and cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein (CREB) were measured. And the protein expression of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and protein kinase A (PKA) was also assessed.
Results:
IHH accelerated lipid accumulation, triglyceride formation, and protein expression of PPARγ, CEBPα, CEBPβ and CREB which were inhibited by butyric acid. Additionally, butyric acid suppressed the sAC/cAMP/PKA pathway protein expression in IHH-induced adipogenesis.
Conclusions:
This study reveals that OSA-induced adipogenesis results from the synergistic effort of hypoxia and hypercapnia, also butyric acid could inhibit adipogenesis induced by hypoxic-hypercapnia via the suppression of sAC-dependent cAMP production and PKA activation.
Utility of quantitative assessment of Tc-99m-diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin SPECT/CT in the identification of severe liver fibrosis: its complementary diagnostic value with other liver function indices
Authors: Kozaki Yoichi , Ichikawa Yasutaka , Nakamura Satoshi , Kobayashi Tatsuhiro , Tomita Yoya , Nagata Motonori , Kuriyama Naohisa , Mizuno Shugo , Sakuma Hajime
Published: July 2024

Purpose
To evaluate the value of Tc-99m-diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic acid-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for assessing liver fibrosis, and to assess its complementary value to other liver function indices such as fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test parameters (ICG-R15 and ICG-K).
Procedures:
Seventy-eight patients with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent 99mTc-GSA scintigraphy and other liver function tests including ICG test and FIB-4 index prior to hepatectomy were studied. 99mTc-GSA imaging was performed with SPECT/CT scanner (Discovery NM/CT 670). Immediately after injection of 99mTc-GSA, dynamic imaging was performed for 20 min, followed by SPECT data acquisition for 6 min. LHL15 which is a conventional index by 99mTc-GSA planar images, and liver uptake ration (LUR) was measured from 99mTc-GSA SPECT images. From the liver resection specimens, the degree of liver fibrosis was graded according to the Ludwig scale (F0-4).
Results
Significant differences in LUR, LHL15, ICG-R15, ICG-K, platelet count and FIB-4 index were found between the F0-3 and F4 liver fibrosis patient groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that LUR and ICG-K were independent factors for identifying severe liver fibrosis (F4). Area under the curve of receiver operating curve analysis for the logistic regression model using LUR and ICG-K was 0.83. In the patient group with higher FIB-4 (≥ 3.16), the diagnostic performance of LUR for detecting severe liver fibrosis was significantly better than LHL15 (AUC: 0.83 vs. 0.75, P = 0.048). In the high FIB-4 index group, the sensitivity and specificity for identifying F4 was 88% and 85%, respectively, with LUR cutoff value of 41.2%.
Conclusions
LUR, measured by 99mTc-GSA SPECT, is a useful indicator for identifying sever liver fibrosis. Particularly in patients with high FIB-4 index (≥ 3.16), LUR can be a valuable indicator to identify severe liver fibrosis with high diagnostic accuracy.
Expression and SNP profiling of HSP70 gene associated with thermotolerance traits in Munjal Sheep
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Magotra Ankit , Kumar Narender , Bangar Yogesh C.
Published: July 2024

An investigation was carried out to identify the polymorphism of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene and its expression profiling in Munjal sheep. Blood samples from 40 female Munjal sheep were collected for DNA extraction. After standardization of PCR for ovine HSP 70 gene, sequencing was carried out for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiling. Multiple sequence alignment was performed to screen SNP in the resource population and subsequently, A to G mutation was observed at c.459 position. Two genotypes viz., AG and AA were obtained. Association study revealed no significant association of identified genotypes with growth and thermotolerance traits. HSP70 expression analysis in different seasons was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. After blood collection, serum was separated for studying the gene expression and expression analysis of different groups was compared using t-test. Animals were also grouped in to two groups viz., heat stress susceptible (HSS) and heat stress tolerant (HST) based on heat tolerance coefficient (HTC) i.e. HST having HTC<2.40 and HSS with HTC>2.40. Statistical analysis revealed that expression of HSP70 gene varied markedly among the summer and winter season. Furthermore, a significant variation was observed between adults and lambs (P<0.05) and between HSS and HST sheep (P<0.05) for HSP70 gene expression. The expression of HSP70 was higher in adults in comparison to lambs in both summer and winter season. Selection of heat resistant animals is essential for better livestock performance amid challenging climatic conditions ahead and HSPs can be used as candidate markers for selecting resistant animals
Green Synthesis of Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles from Nyctanthes arbor-tristis: Unveiling Larvicidal Potential, Protein Binding Affinity and Photocatalytic Activities
Authors: Duraisamy Kavitha , Venkatesan Srinivasan , Sivaji Ilakkia , Kosuru Rekha Yamini , Palaniyappan Prithika , Sureshkumar Muthusamy , Dhakshinamurthy Divya
Published: July 2024

An ecofriendly method was used to synthesize the novel zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4 NPs) utilizing leaf extract of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis by hydrothermal method. The synthesized ZnFe2O4 NPs were characterized by different pivotal techniques. X-ray diffraction confirms the arrangement of the fcc crystal structure of nanoparticles and some organic substance that was encapsulated on the zinc ferrite. According to SEM analysis, the resulting nanoparticles are agglomerated and spherical in shape. The ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles are in their pure form, and all of their elemental compositions are shown by the EDAX spectrum. FTIR results reveal that the produced nanoparticles contained distinctive functional groups. Fluorescence spectroscopic technique was used to examine the binding affinities between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles in terms of protein binding, stability, and conformation. The interaction between BSA and ZnFe2O4 NPs was examined using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements, and it was evident that there was static quenching at play. The ability of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles to kill larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (C. quinquefasciatus) was evaluated. The synthesized NPs demonstrated a noteworthy toxic effect against 4th instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus with LC50 values of 43.529 µg/mL and LC90 values of 276.867 µg/mL respectively. This study explains the toxicity of green synthesized ZnFe2O4 NPs upon the mosquito larvae proving it to be a good and effective larvicide. Furthermore, the ZnFe2O4 NPs were utilized for dye degradation of methylene blue effectively under visible light treatment and achieved 99.5% degradation.
Factor Associated with Sexual Behaviours among Adolescents in a Rural Tanzania: Evidence from the African Research, Implementation Science, and Education (ARISE) Network
Authors: Eliufoo Elihuruma , Bago Mussa , Tian Yusheng , Josephat Jacktan , Mtoro Mtoro J. , Nyundo Azan , Li Yamin
Published: July 2024

Background
Rural adolescents are transitioning to adulthood at an earlier age than previous generations. Consequently, there has been an increase in unsafe sexual practice behaviour. We assessed sexual behaviours and their associated factors among adolescents using African Research, Implementation Science, and Education (ARISE) Network data.
Subject and Methods:
We utilise data from the ARISE Network’s Adolescent Health Study, a cross-sectional study in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa involving rural adolescents aged 10–19 years. Participant information, health and sexual behaviours were collected through an interview-administered questionnaire. Both univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were used to assess the factors associated with ever having sex.
Results
The proportion of adolescents who had sexual intercourse was 21.1% (95% CI: 18.9–23.5). Of those, 45.6% reported having more than one sexual partner. Being female was inversely associated with ever having sexual intercourse (APR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.29–0.47). Age was significantly associated with ever having sexual intercourse (APR: 1.17; 95% CI:1.12–1.23). Living with a colleague (APR: 2.92; 95% CI: 1.96–436), adolescents who have been employed within the past year (APR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.09–1.65), being exposed to pornography (APR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.64–2.60) and receiving a sex joke, (APR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.51–2.24) were significantly associated with ever having sexual intercourse among adolescents.
Conclusion
The findings highlight factors impacting sexual behaviour among adolescents. Promoting adolescents’ sexual health and well-being requires community-based interventions, family involvement, and comprehensive sexual education programs. Efforts must be made to raise public understanding of good sexual practice behaviour.
A Novel Clinical-Grade Cryopreservation Solution for Adipose Tissue Based on Metformin
Authors: Deng Yaping , Liu Xin , Jian Xichao , Zhang Yan , Hou Yinchi , Hou Suyun , Qi Fang , Xiao Shune , Deng Chengliang
Published: July 2024

Background
Autologous fat grafting often needs multiple sessions due to low volume retention. Young adipose tissue demonstrates a more pronounced therapeutic effect; thus, the cryopreservation of adipose tissue of young origin is particularly crucial. This study investigated the protective effect of a new cryopreservation solution combining trehalose, glycerol, and metformin on adipose tissue.
Methods
This study initially examined the effect of various concentrations of metformin (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mM) on oxidative damage in adipose tissue to identify the optimal concentration. Subsequently, 1.5 mL of fresh human adipose tissue was subjected to freezing using trehalose + glycerol (TG group), trehalose + glycerol + metformin (TGM group), and the common cryoprotectant dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) + fetal bovine serum (FBS) (DF group). Samples were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 2 weeks. After thawing, 1 mL of adipose tissue from each group was transplanted subcutaneously into the backs of nude mice. The cryoprotective effects on adipose tissue viability were evaluated during transplantation one month after transplantation.
Results
The 2 mM concentration of metformin exhibited the lowest reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (29.20 ± 1.73) compared to other concentrations (P < 0.05). Cell proliferation and migration assays also supported the superior performance of the 2 mM concentration. Apoptotic analyses of SVF cells also showed the lowest levels in the 2 mM group. Compared to other cryopreservation groups, the adipose tissue in the TGM group closely resembled fresh adipose tissue in terms of gross structure and histological characteristics, with the lowest apoptosis rate of SVF cells. In vivo analysis revealed the highest tissue retention rate in the TGM group, with histological examination indicating robust structural integrity.
Conclusion
The TGM cryopreservation solution, containing metformin, greatly preserves adipose tissue, reduces apoptosis, and improves tissue retention rates. This solution was non-toxic and safe, making it well-suited for tissue cryopreservation in clinical settings.
Influence of Mesenchymal and Biophysical Components on Distal Lung Organoid Differentiation
Authors: Goltsis Olivia , Bilodeau Claudia , Wang Jinxia , Luo Daochun , Asgari Meisam , Bozec Laurent , Petterson Ante , Leibel Sandra , Post Martin
Published: July 2024

Background
Chronic lung disease of prematurity, called bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), lacks effective therapies, stressing the need for preclinical testing systems that reflect human pathology for identifying causal pathways and testing novel compounds. Alveolar organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are promising test platforms for studying distal airway diseases like BPD, but current protocols do not accurately replicate the distal niche environment of the native lung. Herein, we investigated the contributions of cellular constituents of the alveolus and fetal respiratory movements on hPSC-derived alveolar organoid formation.
Methods
Human PSCs were differentiated in 2D culture into lung progenitor cells (LPC) which were then further differentiated into alveolar organoids before and after removal of co-developing mesodermal cells. LPCs were also differentiated in Transwell® co-cultures with and without human fetal lung fibroblast. Forming organoids were subjected to phasic mechanical strain using a Flexcell® system. Differentiation within organoids and Transwell® cultures was assessed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and qPCR for lung epithelial and alveolar markers of differentiation including GATA Binding Protein 6 (GATA 6), E-Cadherin (CDH1), NK2 Homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), HT2-280, Surfactant Proteins B (SFTPB) and C (SFTPC).
Results
We observed that co-developing mesenchymal progenitors promote alveolar epithelial type 2 cell (AEC2) differentiation within hPSC-derived lung organoids. This mesenchymal effect on AEC2 differentiation was corroborated by co-culturing hPSC-NKX2-1+ lung progenitors with human embryonic lung fibroblasts. The stimulatory effect did not require direct contact between fibroblasts and NKX2-1+ lung progenitors. Additionally, we demonstrate that episodic mechanical deformation of hPSC-derived lung organoids, mimicking in situ fetal respiratory movements, increased AEC2 differentiation without affecting proximal epithelial differentiation.
Conclusion
Our data suggest that biophysical and mesenchymal components promote AEC2 differentiation within hPSC-derived distal organoids in vitro.
Evaluation of the association between the conjoined tendon-preserving posterior approach in total hip arthroplasty and early postoperative functional recovery: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
Authors: Sato Ryuichi , Sugiyama Hajime , Matsushita Yohei , Yokoyama Tetsuya , Okawa Eriko , Tonotsuka Hisahiro , Hayama Tetsuo , Saito Mitsuru
Published: July 2024

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of the conjoined tendon-preserving posterior (CPP) approach in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in reducing the number of days to independent walking and early postoperative clinical outcomes compared with conventional posterolateral (PL) and piriformis muscle-sparing PL (P-PL) approaches.
Methods: In total, 91 patients who underwent robotic arm-assisted THA using the PL, P-PL, or CPP approaches were included in this study. Clinical outcomes, including the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip score, were evaluated preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Furthermore, the number of days to independent walking with two canes after surgery (T1) and the number of days to independent walking with a single cane after surgery (T2) were compared among the three approaches.
Results: Following the PL approach, T1 and T2 were 11.1 and 24.6 days, respectively. Following the P-PL approach, T1 and T2 were 9.1 and 24.5 days, respectively. Following the CPP approach, T1 and T2 were 5.3 and 15.6 days, respectively. In each period of walking independence, CPP was significantly shorter than the others (T1, P <0.001 and T2, P <0.001). Clinical outcomes, including walking ability and activities of daily living, consistently favored the CPP approach for up to 6 months postoperatively. Intraoperative complications were observed in the PL and P-PL approaches. The CPP approach showed better results for postoperative pain at 3 months postoperatively.
Conclusions: The CPP approach in THA significantly reduced the number of days to independent walking and exhibited superior early postoperative clinical outcomes compared to PL and P-PL approaches.
Melatonin rhythm disorder is more pronounced in major depressive disorder with Non-Suicidal Self-injury
Authors: Hu Xiaojuan , Zhang Aiguo , Wang Chao , Zhang Xulai
Published: July 2024

Background Melatonin(MT) rhythm disorders may be associated with depression and non-suicidal self-injury（NSSI）.We conducted a controlled study to investigate whether patients with major depressive disorder（MDD）comorbid NSSI have more pronounced MT disorders, and whether MT levels are associated with NSSI perception and cessation.
Methods A total of 100 samples were included in the study, including 30 healthy individuals as a normal control group and 70 patients with MDD.In the subgroup of MDD,there were 35 patients with NSSI(NSSI group) and 35 patients without NSSI (non-NSSI group).We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the salivary MT levels (0AM, 8AM, 11AM, 1PM, 4PM, 10PM) of all participants at 6 time points. And use the Ottawa-Self- Injury Inventory (OSI) to quantitatively evaluate the self injury perception and motivation to stop self injury in patients in the NSSI group.
Results The salivary MT levels in the NSSI group at 6 time points were significantly lower than those in the non- NSSI group and control group (P<0.05), and the circadian rhythm of MT in NSSI group disappeared.We found significant
correlations between MT levels and several dimensions of NSSI,specifically: 1PM MT level and intrusive/invasive urge(r=0.487，P<0.05), 8AM MT levels and desire to stop NSSI(r=-0.427，P<0.05),11AM MT levels and desire to stop NSSI(r=-0.348，P<0.05).
Conclusions The decrease in MT levels and disruption of circadian rhythms may increase the risk of NSSI in patients with MDD, but its mechanism needs further exploration.
Up-regulated FOXO3/IL-10 Axis Inhibits Mitochondria-Associated Ferroptosis in Sepsis-Induced Diaphragm Dysfunction
Authors: Liu Hua , Chai Dongdong , Lyu Xiang , Zhao Bin , Zhi Nan , Yang Yaqiong , Zhou Xuhui , Dong Hui , Liao Yudi , Zhang Weiwen , Jin Yi , Jiang Hong , Weng Xiaojian
Published: July 2024

Sepsis can lead to diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy known as sepsis-induced diaphragm dysfunction (SIDD), a major cause of mortality in the ICU. Our present study aimed to investigate whether ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of SIDD and the underlying molecular mechanism. The results demonstrated that in both in vivo and in vitro septic models, indicators such as the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and complex I-V levels, alongside Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) imaging, revealed mitochondria-associated changes. These alterations were mitigated by the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin (Fer-1), confirming that ferroptosis—a mitochondria-linked form of programmed cell death, plays a crucial role in SIDD. Through RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq), and Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay, we found that the FOXO3/IL-10 axis was suppressed in septic mice yet can be reactivated through administration of Fer-1. Furthermore, overexpression of FOXO3 shielded the diaphragm against sepsis-induced ferroptosis by boosting IL-10 production and enhancing the expression of Nrf2-mediated antioxidative genes such as GPX4. This reduced lipid peroxidation and concurrently ameliorated mitochondrial damage. Therefore, activating FOXO3 or administering IL-10 could offer a promising approach for treating SIDD.
Exploring the social context of smoking behaviours: insights from stop-smoking advisors in deprived communities in Northwest of England UK.
Authors: Mabhala Mzwandile , ESEALUKA Winifred Adaobi , YOHANNES Asmait , NWUFO Amanda Nkolika , PAULUS Lahja , KEELING June , Tefera Meron
Published: July 2024

Background: The successive UK governments have introduced measures to enhance access to stop-smoking services. However, these efforts have primarily focused on restricting access and promoting individual behaviour changes, overlooking the social conditions that contribute to smoking behaviours. While promoting individual behaviour changes can be beneficial, in the face of growing health inequalities, lasting change requires collective action and structural reforms. This research examines the limitations of individual-focused stop-smoking interventions in deprived communities. It provides a unique perspective by analysing practitioners' experiences promoting stop-smoking initiatives in a disadvantaged neighbourhood in northwest England. It underscores the significance of adopting comprehensive strategies for smoking cessation, drawing on practitioners' insights to address the broader determinants of smoking behaviour. These findings are crucial for understanding the complexities of smoking cessation in deprived communities.
Methods: The research used interpretative phenomenology to comprehensively analyse six lived experiences of stop-smoking advisors in Northwest England.
Results: The analysis identified four overarching themes fundamental for delivering stop-smoking services in these communities:
1. Developing a skilled, confident, and culturally competent stop-smoking advice team
2. Understanding other complex social, mental, and physical health issues.
3. Bringing the stop-smoking programme to those who need it the most.
4. Adapting the service to meet the user's needs.
Conclusions: This article presented evidence indicating that behaviour-oriented interventions have resulted in a disproportionate decrease in smoking rates, with a more rapid decline in the least deprived areas compared to the deprived ones. The inverse care law theory provides a clear framework for understanding these differences. It emphasises the need for both behavioural and structural interventions to address smoking habits in deprived neighbourhoods, highlighting the impact of socioeconomic factors and the limitations of individual behaviour-focused stop-smoking interventions. The study calls for a comprehensive approach that combines behavioural interventions with measures to address the underlying causes of smoking in deprived communities.
Climate change-induced extreme weather events alter the frequency of firearm incidents and child maltreatment cases in Wayne County, Michigan
Authors: Sokol Rebeccah , Gerlein-Safdi Cynthia , Esposti Michelle Degli , Wallace Mildred
Published: July 2024

Climate change is creating more frequent extreme weather events. Yet the impacts of such events on human behavior, specifically violence, are not well understood. We used Wayne County, Michigan, as a case study to explore extreme weather’s influence on violence. We gathered county data on extreme weather events, firearm violence, and child maltreatment at the daily level from 2018-2023. Over this period, the week following an extreme weather event had less firearm violence (RR: 0.74[0.57-0.98]); analyses found no associations with child maltreatment (RR: 1.02[0.89-1.17]). Yet, between March 2020-2021—a year of strained resources—analyses found no protective association against firearm violence (RR: 1.02[0.74, 1.41]), and the week following an extreme weather event had more child maltreatment (RR: 1.18[0.97-1.44]). The influence of extreme weather on constraining people’s activities towards their homes may explain the decreased risk for firearm violence following an extreme weather event. Associations between extreme weather and child maltreatment, however, are likely products of compounded caregiver stress. Mitigating the adverse effects of climate change on child safety should therefore involve maintaining or quickly reestablishing services to support caregivers and children before, during, and after extreme weather events.
Neutrophil extracellular trapping effects of perioperative lidocaine administration on postoperative levels of serum inflammatory cytokines in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: A prospective randomized trial
Authors: Shin Dongho , Kim Jiheon , Lee Subin , Chae Min Suk
Published: July 2024

Background and Objective:
This randomized controlled trial investigated the influence of perioperative lidocaine administration on the postoperative inflammatory response in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, with the results having potential implications for postoperative recovery and cancer recurrence via neutrophil extracellular trapping (NETosis).
Methods
In total, 58 patients with localized prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive an intravenous infusion of 2% lidocaine or a saline placebo intraoperatively. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, interferon(IFN)-γ, neutrophil elastase (NE), citrullinated histone3 (CitH3), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined preoperatively and at 24 h postoperatively. Biochemical recurrence (BCR) was assessed over a follow-up period of 2 years.
Results
The lidocaine group showed a significantly greater reduction in IL-10 level and a smaller increase in the NE level compared to the placebo group, suggesting a modulatory effect of lidocaine on certain anti-inflammatory and neuroendocrine pathways. Changes in other cytokines and markers were not significantly different between the groups. No significant difference in the BCR rate was observed between the two groups.
Conclusion
Perioperative lidocaine administration selectively modulates certain inflammatory and neuroendocrine responses after prostate cancer surgery, potentially influencing recovery outcomes. These findings highlight the need for further investigations of the role of lidocaine in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols, particularly in oncologic surgeries. However, large-scale studies with diverse populations are needed to verify our findings and understand the influence of lidocaine administration on long-term cancer outcomes.
Prospective prediction of childhood body mass index trajectories using multi-task Gaussian processes
Authors: Wang Dennis , Leroy Arthur , Gupta Varsha , Tint Mya Thway , Ooi Delicia Shu Qin , Yap Fabian K.P. , Lek Ngee , Godfrey Keith , Chong Yap Seng , Lee Yung Seng , Eriksson Johan , Alvarez Mauricio , Michael Navin
Published: July 2024

Background Body mass index (BMI) trajectories of children have been used to assess their growth with respect to their peers, as well as to anticipate future obesity and disease risk. While retrospective modelling of childhood BMI trajectories has been an active area of research, prospective prediction of continuous BMI trajectories from historical growth data has not been well investigated.Materials and Methods Using longitudinal BMI measurements between birth and age 10y from a longitudinal mother-offspring cohort, we leveraged a multi-task Gaussian processes-based method called MagmaClust to develop and evaluate a unified framework for modeling, clustering and prospective prediction of BMI trajectories. We compared the sensitivity to missing values and trajectory prediction performance of the proposed method with cubic B-spline and multilevel Jenss-Bayley models. Predicted trajectories were also utilized to prospectively estimate overweight/obesity risk at age 10y.Results MagmaClust identified 5 distinct patterns of BMI trajectories between 0 to 10y. The method outperformed both cubic B-spline and multilevel Jenss-Bayley models in the accuracy of retrospective BMI trajectories while being more robust to missing data (up to 90%). It was also better at prospectively forecasting BMI trajectories of children for periods ranging from 2 to 8 years into the future, using historic BMI data. Given BMI data between birth and age 2 years, prediction of overweight/obesity status at age 10 years, as computed from MagmaClust’s predictions exhibited high specificity (0.94) and accuracy (0.86). The accuracy and sensitivity of predictions increased as BMI data from additional timepoints were utilized for prediction.Conclusion MagmaClust provides a unified, probabilistic, non-parametric framework to model, cluster and prospectively predict childhood BMI trajectories and overweight/obesity risk. The proposed method offers a convenient tool for clinicians to monitor BMI growth in children, allowing them to prospectively identify children with high predicted overweight/obesity risk and implement timely interventions.