bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Bourgeanic Acid Utilizing o‐DPPB‐Directed Allylic Substitution.
Authors: Reiss Tomislav , Breit Bernhard
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of (9S)‐3‐O‐Descladinose‐6‐O‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐12‐ (Δ2‐pyrazolinyl) ‐12‐dehydroxy‐21‐demethyl‐9‐dihydroerythromycin A.
Authors: Wang Yong‐Tao , Hu Lei , Chen Wei‐Min , Hu Ai‐Xi , Song Qiu‐Ling , Guan Dong
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Synthesis of (+)‐(S)‐[n]‐Gingerols via the L‐Proline‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Ma Sichao , Zhang Shilei , Duan Wenhu , Wang Wei
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phenolic Glycosides from Alangium salviifolium Leaves with Inhibitory Activity on LPS‐Induced NO, PGE2, and TNF‐α Production.
Authors: Hung Tran Manh , Dang Nguyen Hai , Kim Jin Cheol , Choi Jae Sue , Lee Hyeong Kyu , Min Byung‐Sun
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Growth of Monodisperse Self‐Supported Superparamagnetic Nanostructures of Spherical and Rod‐Like CoFe2O4 Nanocrystals.
Authors: Bao Ningzhong , Shen Liming , Wang Yu‐Hsiang A. , Ma Jianxing , Mazumdar Dipanjan , Gupta Arunava
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(Phenylsulfonamidomethyl)benzamides as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the 11β‐Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 with Efficacy in Diabetic ob/ob Mice.
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhou Zhou , Yang Huaiyu , Chen Junhua , Feng Ying , Du Lili , Leng Ying , Shen Jianhua
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Properties of III‐Mn‐V Ferromagnetic Semiconductors
Authors: Burch K. S. , Awschalom D. D. , Basov D. N.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: All‐Inorganic Nanocrystal Arrays
Authors: Brock Stephanie L.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Critical Revision of GD‐MS, LA‐ICP‐MS and SIMS as Inorganic Mass Spectrometric Techniques for Direct Solid Analysis
Authors: Pisonero Jorge , Fernandez Beatriz , Guenther Detlef
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal—Metal Bonds in f‐Element Chemistry
Authors: Liddle Stephen T. , Mills David P.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Early Transition Metal — Carbon Bonds with N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Diaconescu Paula L.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Enabled PtII—C(sp3) Bond Functionalization with Dioxygen as a Direct Oxidant
Authors: Vedernikov Andrei N.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hyperbranched Calixarenes: Synthesis and Applications as Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Kim Jong Seung , Lee Su Yeon , Yoon Juyoung , Vicens Jacques
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymerase Engineering: Towards the Encoded Synthesis of Unnatural Biopolymers
Authors: Loakes David , Holliger Philipp
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor (PPAR) Delta Agonists and Its Implication to the Driving Force to Elicit PPAR Delta Selectivity
Authors: Kasuga Jun‐ichi , Oyama Takuji , Nakagome Izumi , Aoyama Atsushi , Sako Kumiko , Makishima Makoto , Hirono Shuichi , Morikawa Kosuke , Hashimoto Yuichi , Miyachi Hiroyuki
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aura of Corroles
Authors: Aviv‐Harel Iris , Gross Zeev
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of the Insulin‐Like Growth Factor‐1 Receptor (IGF1R) Tyrosine Kinase as a Novel Cancer Therapy Approach
Authors: Li Rongshi , Pourpak Alan , Morris Stephan W.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimized Strategies for the Synthesis of Biomolecules by the Microwave Approach
Authors: Paolini Ilaria , Rizzolo Fabio , Papini Anna Maria
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid Supports for the Synthesis of Peptides: From the First Resin Used to the Most Sophisticated in the Market
Authors: Martin Fayna Garcia , Albericio Fernando
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Propylphosphonic Acid Anhydride: A Highly Expedient and Versatile Coupling Agent
Authors: Koch Peter , Vedder Christoph , Schaffer Tanja
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Perspectives in Peptide Chemistry by Multiple N‐Methylation
Authors: Chatterjee Jayanta , Kessler Horst
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis Applied to the Synthesis of Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Gotor Vicente
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Furan and Pyrrole Ring Formation
Authors: Cadierno Victorio , Crochet Pascale
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenative Bond‐Forming Catalysis Involving Phosphines
Authors: Waterman Rory
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Calixfurans
Authors: Goto Kei
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Azacalixarene: A New Class in the Calixarene Family
Authors: Tsue Hirohito , Ishibashi Koichi , Tamura Rui
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Compact Condensed Thiazolo—Pyridine Systems with Biological Activity
Authors: Radulescu Cristiana , Ionita Ionica , Moater Elena Irina , Stihi Claudia
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Genetically Designed Peptide‐Based Molecular Materials
Authors: Tamerler Candan , Sarikaya Mehmet
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiopeptide Antibiotic Biosynthesis
Authors: Arndt Hans‐Dieter , Schoof Sebastian , Lu Jin‐Yong
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanorobots: The Ultimate Wireless Self‐Propelled Sensing and Actuating Devices
Authors: Sanchez Samuel , Pumera Martin
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Drug Interactions with Lipid Membranes
Authors: Seddon Annela M. , Casey Duncan , Law Robert V. , Gee Antony , Templer Richard H. , Ces Oscar
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanoscale Insights into the Creation of Chiral Surfaces
Authors: Raval R.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms of Protein Stabilization in the Solid State
Authors: Chang Liuquan , Pikal Michael J.
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanopore Analytics: Sensing of Single Molecules
Authors: Howorka Stefan , Siwy Zuzanna
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Virus‐Based Chemical and Biological Sensing
Authors: Mao Chuanbin , Liu Aihua , Cao Binrui
Published: November 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Highly stereoselective hydrogenations—As key‐steps in the total synthesis of statins
Authors: Andrushko Natalia , Andrushko Vasyl , Tararov Vitali , Korostylev Andrei , König Gerd , Börner Armin
Published: November 2009

Statins are inhibitors of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG‐CoA reductase) and became the standard of care for treatment of hypercholesterolemia because of their efficacy, safety, and long‐term benefits. They are administered as diastereo‐ and enantiomerically pure compounds. We summarize here two new approaches for the total synthesis of the most important representatives, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin, based on highly stereoselective hydrogenations as key‐steps. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient dipeptide‐catalyzed direct asymmetric aldol reaction of equimolar reactants in solid media
Authors: Lei Meng , Xia Shuai , Wang Junfeng , Ge Zemei , Cheng Tieming , Li Runtao
Published: November 2009

The direct asymmetric aldol reactions of equivalent molar amounts of aldehydes and ketones were carried out at −20 °C over alkaline Al2O3 with 20 mol % of Pro‐Trp as catalyst and 20 mol % of N‐methylmorpholine or 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane as additive. After simple and environmentally friendly work‐up, moderate to high isolated yields (up to 95%), good diastereoselectivities (>99:1), and enantioselectivities (up to 98% ee) have been achieved for the reactions of different kinds of ketones with various aldehydes. The catalytic system could be reused without decrease of activity by addition of 10 mol % catalyst and base in the catalytic system. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chiral configuration of the hydration layers of D‐ and L‐alanine in water implied from dilution calorimetry
Authors: Shvalb Ayelet , Mastai Yitzhak , Shinitzky Meir
Published: November 2009

The size and configuration of the hydration layer of solutes play a major role in their thermodynamic features. With respect to amino acids in water, a series of indirect evidence strongly suggest that their hydration layer acquires a chiral configuration induced by their chiral centers. Such a chiral hydration may act as a recognition factor in the various biochemical interactions, but information on it remains rather scarce. In this study, we determined by dilution microcalorimetry the fraction of the hydration energy invested in the chiral distortion of the hydration layer surrounding D‐ and I‐alanine in water. The results indicate that in dilute solutions, a multilayered chiral hydration surrounds each of these solutes and amounts to over 100 water molecules. In concentrated solutions, the immediate chiral hydration layer decreases to ∼30 water molecules. The energy invested in the induction of the chiral twist in the hydration layer is predominantly attributed to TΔS, the energy associated with “configurational entropy,” which amounts to only several cal/mol, about a thousandth of the total energy of the hydration shell. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and enantioseparation of a mixed selector chiral stationary phase derived from benzoylated tartaric acid and 1,2‐diphenylethylenediamine
Authors: Wei Wen‐Juan , Deng Hui‐Wen , Chen Wei , Bai Zheng‐Wu , Li Shi‐Rong
Published: November 2009

L‐Dibenzoyl tartaric acid was mono‐esterified with benzyl alcohol, and then chlorinated with SOCl2 to give (2S,3S)‐1‐(benzyloxy)‐4‐chloro‐1,4‐dioxobutane‐2,3‐diyl dibenzoate (Selector 1). (1R,2R)‐1,2‐Diphenylethylenediamine was mono‐functionalized with phenyl isocyanate and phenylene diisocyanate in sequence to give (1R,2R)‐1,2‐diphenyl‐2‐(3‐phenylureido)ethyl 4‐ isocyanatophenylurea (Selector 2). Two brush‐type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) of single selector were prepared by separately immobilizing selectors 1 and 2 on aminated silica gel. Selectors 1 and 2 were simultaneously immobilized on aminated silica gel to give a mixed selector CSP. The enantioseparation ability of these CSPs was studied. The CSP of selector 1 has strongest separation ability, while the enantioseparation ability of the mixed selector CSP is relatively lower. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective interaction with acetylcholinesterase of an organophosphate insecticide fenamiphos
Authors: Wang Cui , Zhang Na , Li Ling , Zhang Quan , Zhao Meirong , Liu Weiping
Published: November 2009

Enantioselectivity in the environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of chiral pesticide is widely observed. However, the investigation of the enantioselective mechanisms remains limited. In this study, we used fenamiphos (FAP), an organophosphorus insecticide, to study enantioselectivity in toxicity to arthropods and the inhibition potential towards acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the rat pheochromocytoma 12 (PC 12) cell line. Furthermore, we carried out molecular docking to help explain the mechanisms of enantioselective toxicity of FAP. The two enantiomers of FAP were successfully separated and identified as R‐(+)‐FAP and S‐(−)‐FAP. Toxicological assays revealed that R‐(+)‐FAP was 2.4‐fold more toxic than S‐(−)‐FAP to Daphnia magna and approximately threefold more to PC12 cells. Based on molecular docking results, dynamic simulation shows that strong hydrophobic interactions and a key hydrogen bond can only exist between R‐(+)‐FAP and AChE, which helps explain the preference of R‐(+) binding to AChE over that of the S‐(−)‐enantiomer, and supports our biological results. Our present study considers the impact of stereochemistry on ecotoxicological effects and, ultimately, on development of environmentally safe, insecticidally efficient pesticides. Chirality 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diastereoisomeric assignment in a pacifenol derivative using vibrational circular dichroism
Authors: Muñoz Marcelo A. , Chamy Cristina , Carrasco Alvaro , Rovirosa Juana , San Martín Aurelio , Joseph‐Nathan Pedro
Published: November 2009

The configuration of a chiral center in semisynthetic (−)‐(2R,5R,5aR,8ζ,9aS)‐ 2,8‐dibromo‐2,5,9,9a‐tetrahydro‐5‐hydroxy‐5,8,10,10‐tetramethyl‐6H‐2,5a‐methano‐1‐benzoxepin‐7(8H)‐one (3 or 4), prepared in two steps from (−)‐(2R,5R,5aR,7S,8S,9aS)‐2, 7‐dibromo‐8‐chloro‐2,5,7,8,9,9a‐hexahydro‐5,8,10,10‐tetramethyl‐6H‐2,5a‐methano‐1‐benzoxepin‐5‐ol, known as pacifenol 1, has been determined using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) measurements. The vibrational spectra (IR and VCD) of diastereoisomers 3 and 4 were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/DGDZVP level of theory for the two conformers that in each case account for the total energetic distribution found in the first 10 kcal/mol range. The DFT conformational optimization of the 8R diastereoisomer 3 indicates the cyclohexanone exists almost exclusively in a boat conformation with a β‐equatorial bromine atom and an α‐axial methyl group at the chiral center alpha to the carbonyl group, while for the 8S diastereoisomer 4 a 5:1 conformational distribution in favor of a chair conformation with an α‐axial bromine atom and a β‐equatorial methyl group is calculated, suggesting due to well‐known chair versus boat relative stabilities that the plausible diastereoisomer would be the 8S molecule. A comparison of the IR spectrum of the reaction product with the calculated spectra of 3 and 4 provided no means for the diastereoisomeric assignment, while from comparison of the VCD spectra it became immediately evident that the rearranged molecule possesses the 8R absolute configuration as shown in 3, in concordance with a single crystal X‐ray diffraction study that could be refined to an R‐factor of 2.9%. Chirality 21:E208–E214, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies on the Removal of Reactive Red 2 Dye from an Aqueous Solution Using a Positively Charged Functional Group of the Nymphaea rubra Biosorbent
Authors: Renganathan Sahadevan , Kalpana Jayabalan , Dharmendira Kumar Mahendradas , Velan Manickam
Published: November 2009

Nymphaea rubra stem was used as a low cost and easily available biosorbent for the removal of Reactive Red 2 dye from an aqueous solution. Initially, the effects of biosorbent dosage (0.2–1.0 g L–1), pH (1–6), and dye concentration (30–110 mg L–1) on dye removal were studied. Batch experiments were carried out for biosorption kinetics and isotherm studies. The results showed that dye uptake capacity was found to increase with a decrease in biosorbent dosage. Equilibrium uptake capacity was found to be greatest at a pH value of 2.0, when compared to all other pH values studied. The equilibrium biosorption isotherms were analyzed by the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The equilibrium data was found to fit very well with the Freundlich isotherm model when compared to the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetic data was analyzed using pseudo‐first order and pseudo‐second order kinetic models. From the results, it was observed that the kinetic data was found to fit the pseudo‐second order kinetic model very well. The surface morphology of the stem of the N. rubra biosorbent was exemplified by scanning electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared analysis was employed to confirm the existence of an amine group in the stem of N. rubra.
Prediction of the Bioconcentration Factor of Organic Compounds in Fish
Authors: Sahu Vishnu Kumar , Singh Rajesh Kumar
Published: November 2009

Quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) models for bioconcentration factor (BCF) prediction applicable to 131 organic compounds of different chemical structures were prepared. The study showed that the best QSAR model, pBCF = 0.00250227 MW – 0.0723952 ET – 0.21352 εHOMO – 0.892481 eLUMO – 2.58291, was made from four quantum chemical descriptors. The best model was selected on the basis of the value of the correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.871), cross validation coefficient (r2CV = 0.856), standard error (Std. Err. = 0.978), standard error of estimation (Std. Err. Est. = 0.556), F statistic (F = 213.22) and p value (p = 0.009), that were calculated by Statistica software. The molecular weight followed a direct relationship with the observed bioconcentration factor (oBCF) up to a MW of 361 Da, and thereafter it followed an inverse relationship. The total energy and HOMO‐LUMO gap, showed inverse relationships with oBCF. With the help of the QSAR model, bioconcentration factors of several hypothetical molecules can be predicted prior to their synthesis.
Hepatitis B virus reactivation and role of antiviral prophylaxis in lymphoma patients with past hepatitis B virus infection who are receiving chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Koo Yu Xuan , Tan Daniel S. W. , Tan Iain B. , Tao Miriam , Chow Wan Cheng , Lim Soon Thye
Published: November 2009

BACKGROUND:

Individuals who had past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection appeared to clear their serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) while producing antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), which is detectable in their serum. Currently, it is uncertain whether patients with past HBV infection require routine antiviral prophylaxis during chemotherapy, although some cancer agencies recommend its routine use. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence of past HBV infection in patients with lymphoma and its relevance in terms of HBV‐related complications.

METHODS:

The authors reviewed 430 patients with lymphoma from May 2006 to May 2008.

RESULTS:

Among the 430 patients, 233 had both the HBsAg and HBcAb tests performed, whereas 197 had only the HBsAg test performed. Among those with both tests performed, 34.3% (80 of 233) were HBcAb positive only. Of these 80 patients, 58 had a concomitant HBV DNA level test, which was positive in 3 (5.2%). Of the 67 patients with past and 26 with chronic HBV infection who received chemotherapy, HBV reactivation occurred in 1.5% and 42.3% of patients, respectively (P<.0001). Prophylactic lamivudine was administered in 7 (10.4%) patients with past HBV infection and in 18 (69.2%) with chronic HBV infection.

CONCLUSIONS:

The low rate of HBV reactivation reported in our study coupled with the high prevalence of past HBV infection in an endemic area suggests that routine usage of antiviral prophylaxis may not be required for all patients with past HBV infection. Close surveillance remains a reasonable and viable option for the majority of patients. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A quantitative measure for alterations in the actin cytoskeleton investigated with automated high‐throughput microscopy
Authors: Weichsel Julian , Herold Nikolas , Lehmann Maik J. , Kräusslich Hans‐Georg , Schwarz Ulrich S.
Published: November 2009

The actin cytoskeleton modulates a large variety of physiological and disease‐related processes in the cell. For example, actin has been shown to be a crucial host factor for successful infection by HIV‐1, but the underlying mechanistic details are still unknown. Automated approaches open up the perspective to clarify such an issue by processing many samples in a high‐throughput manner. To analyze the alterations in the actin cytoskeleton within an automated setting, large‐scale image acquisition and analysis were established for JC‐53 cells stained for actin. As a quantitative measure in such an automated approach, we suggest a parameter called image coherency. We successfully benchmarked our analysis by calculating coherency for both a biophysical model of the actin cytoskeleton and for cells whose actin architecture had been disturbed pharmacologically by latrunculin B or cytochalasin D. We then tested the influence of HIV‐1 infection on actin coherency, but observed no significant differences between uninfected and infected cells. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
BH3‐only proteins: The death‐puppeteer's wires
Authors: Ghiotto Fabio , Fais Franco , Bruno Silvia
Published: November 2009

Most cell death in vertebrates proceeds through the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and results from unregulated increase of mitochondrial membrane permeability. Bcl2‐associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl2‐antagonist/killer protein (Bak), the effector proapoptotic members of the Bcl‐2 family, are, in their active state, the principal accomplices for this permeabilization process. How exactly Bax and Bak are activated has been a matter of major investigation in the last decade, and suitable tools offered by quantitative cytometric methodologies have significantly contributed to the understanding of the function of Bcl‐2 family members. Here, we review the most relevant findings in this field and highlight one common trait that has emerged from the diverse new theories: a crucial role in the control of Bax/Bak activation has to be attributed to the BH3‐only subset of the Bcl‐2 family. BH3‐only proteins exert their proapoptotic activity by hierarchical and tightly tuned interactions with other Bcl‐2 family members and operate as sensors of intracellular/extracellular death signals and vectors of information to the core apoptotic machinery. Given their essential role in apoptosis, BH3‐only molecules are proposed as molecular targets for the cure of diseases associated with abnormal cell death, as in the case with neurodegenerative conditions. As well, they are explored as possible tools for cancer therapy, according to the concept that molecules mimicking the BH3 domain of these proteins could selectively and efficiently cooperate in the cell killing by chemotherapeutic drugs. A few BH3 mimetics are currently being tested in clinical trials of hematologic and solid tumors. Nevertheless, the knowledge about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate responsiveness to BH3 therapy has to be further expanded and will benefit from recent advances in cytometric quantitative technologies. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Per‐channel basis normalization methods for flow cytometry data
Authors: Hahne Florian , Khodabakhshi Alireza Hadj , Bashashati Ali , Wong Chao‐Jen , Gascoyne Randy D. , Weng Andrew P. , Seyfert‐Margolis Vicky , Bourcier Katarzyna , Asare Adam , Lumley Thomas , Gentleman Robert , Brinkman Ryan R.
Published: November 2009

Between‐sample variation in high‐throughput flow cytometry data poses a significant challenge for analysis of large‐scale data sets, such as those derived from multicenter clinical trials. It is often hard to match biologically relevant cell populations across samples because of technical variation in sample acquisition and instrumentation differences. Thus, normalization of data is a critical step before analysis, particularly in large‐scale data sets from clinical trials, where group‐specific differences may be subtle and patient‐to‐patient variation common. We have developed two normalization methods that remove technical between‐sample variation by aligning prominent features (landmarks) in the raw data on a per‐channel basis. These algorithms were tested on two independent flow cytometry data sets by comparing manually gated data, either individually for each sample or using static gating templates, before and after normalization. Our results show a marked improvement in the overlap between manual and static gating when the data are normalized, thereby facilitating the use of automated analyses on large flow cytometry data sets. Such automated analyses are essential for high‐throughput flow cytometry. © 2009 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Plasticity in singing effort and its relationship with monoamine metabolism in the songbird telencephalon
Authors: Salvante Katrina G. , Racke Danielle M. , Campbell C. Ryan , Sockman Keith W.
Published: November 2009

Factors intrinsic or extrinsic to individuals, such as their quality or the quality of competition in their social environment, can influence their communication signaling effort. We hypothesized that telencephalic monoamine secretion mediates the effects of a male's own quality and quality of his social environment on his sexual signaling effort. The duration of a male European starling's (Sturnus vulgaris) principal sexual signal, his song, positively correlates with several aspects of his quality, including his reproductive success, immunocompetence, and ability to attract mates. Therefore, the length of songs to which he is exposed reflects, in part, the quality of competition in his social environment. We manipulated the quality of the competitive environment by exposing male starlings to long or short songs for 1 week. We measured the length of songs produced by experimental males to gauge their quality, counted the number of songs they produced to gauge singing effort, and quantified telencephalic monoamine metabolism using high‐pressure liquid chromatography. Singing effort increased with the length of the males' own songs and with the length of songs to which we exposed them. Norepinephrine metabolism in area X of the song control system was negatively correlated with the subjects' mean song length and singing effort. Serotonin metabolism in the caudomedial mesopallium of the auditory telencephalon increased with the length of songs to which we exposed the subjects and with their singing effort. This raises the hypothesis that serotonin and norepinephrine secretion in the telencephalon help mediate the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on signaling effort. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2010
The Assembly of Phosphometalate Clusters with Copper Complex Subunits
Authors: Lu Xiaoming , Shi Xudong , Bi Yangang , Yu Chong , Chen Yuyou , Chi Zixiang
Published: November 2009

Six organic–inorganic hybrid compounds based on a phosphometalate cluster with copper complex subunits: {[Cu(phen)2]2Cl}(PMo12O40)·H2O (1), {[Cu(phen)2]2Cl}(PW12O40)·H2O (2), [CuI(bpy)2]2{[CuII(bpy)]2P(MoV)3(MoVI)9O40} (3), H[Cu(bpy)(H2O)]{[Cu(bpy)]4(PO4)2}(PW11CuO39)·H2O (4), [Cu(phen)(H2O)]3[(PO4)2Mo5O15]·5H2O (5), and HNa[Cu(bpy)(H2O)]2[(PO4)2Mo5O15]·6H2O (6) (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline, bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) have been solvothermally synthesized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that compounds 1 and 2 are composed of a Keggin polyoxoanion (PM12O40)3– (M = Mo, W) and {[Cu(phen)2]2Cl}3+ counterion. Compound 3 is built from two [CuI(bpy)2]+ cations and a reduced‐Keggin polyoxoanion [PMoV3MoVI9O40]6– which is bi‐capped by two [CuII(bpy)]2+ through four bridging oxo groups on two opposite (Mo4O4) faces. Compound 4 is based on a monovacant Keggin anion (PW11CuO39)5– linked through four Cu(bpy)2+, two PO43–, and one {H[Cu(bpy)(H2O)]}3+, generating a one‐dimensional chain. Compounds 5 and 6 exhibit a chain‐like structure constructed from [(PO4)2Mo5O15]6– clusters linked through [Cu(phen)(H2O)]2+ and [Cu(bpy)(H2O)]2+ components, respectively. The pH is crucial for the isolation of the compounds. Compounds 1 and 2 are obtained in the pH range 1–2 with the phen ligand, and 3 and 4 are isolated in the pH range 3–4 and 2–3 with the bpy ligand, respectively. Oxalic acid acting as a reductant reduces the molybdenum ion from MoVI to MoV in 3. Compounds 5 and 6 are produced in the pH range 3–4 with phen and bpy ligands, respectively. Compound 3 shows fluorescence due to the charge transfer from CuI‐to‐ligand (MLCT) [d10‐π*]. Compound 4 displays magnetic behavior based on the super‐interaction through the tri‐copper six‐membered ring [CuII–O–CuII–O–CuII–O–]. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Extending the Lindqvist Family to Late 3d Transition Metals: A Rational Entry to CoW5 Hexametalate Chemistry
Authors: Errington R. John , Harle Gavin , Clegg William , Harrington Ross W.
Published: November 2009

The dimeric CoW5 Lindqvist‐type anion [{CoW5O18H}2]6– (1) has been obtained as a tetrabutylammonium (TBA) salt by addition of either [Co(MeCN)4(H2O)2]2+ or CoCl2 to a “virtual” W5O186– precursor generated by non‐aqueous hydrolysis of a mixture of (TBA)2WO4 and WO(OMe)4. Analysis of the X‐ray crystal structure of (TBA)71(BF4) by using the Bond Valence Sum (BVS) method reveals that cobalt is present as CoII and that two protons are associated with CoOW bridging oxygen atoms, one of which is located in a hydrogen bond between the two CoW5O18 units, whereas the other is disordered between an adjacent oxygen atom and its symmetry‐related site on the other CoW5O18 unit. Treatment with pyridine cleaves dimer 1 to give [(py)CoW5O18H]3– (2), and the single protonated CoOW site was identified by BVS analysis of an X‐ray crystal structure. Due to the higher anionic charge of [CoW5O18]4–, bands due to terminal νW=O in the FTIR spectra of 1 and 2 are shifted to lower wavenumbers (933 and 935 cm–1, respectively) compared to those of [W6O19]2– (974 cm–1) and group 4 derivatives [(X)MW5O18]3– (945–955 cm–1), despite protonation of the oxometalate framework. Peaks due to CoW5 oxometalates dominate the electrospray ionisation mass spectra of (TBA)71(BF4) and (TBA)32, the most intense being assigned to {CoW5O17}2–, which is formally derived from [CoW5O18H]3– by protonation and loss of H2O.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Study of a Convenient Method for the Preparation of Hydrosoluble Fluorescent Triazatruxene Derivatives
Authors: Franceschin Marco , Ginnari‐Satriani Luca , Alvino Antonello , Ortaggi Giancarlo , Bianco Armandodoriano
Published: November 2009

Triazatruxene derivatives find many applications as lipophilic compounds, but few examples of hydrosoluble derivatives have been reported so far. In this paper, we compare different synthetic routes for the preparation of hydrophilic triazatruxene derivatives and define the most versatile pathway. The synthesized compounds are fluorescent not only in organic solvents, as reported for other lipophilic derivatives, but also in water, making them particularly suitable for biological applications.
Recent Developments in Indium Metal and Its Salts in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Antony Aneesh , George Jimil , Subba Reddy Basi V.
Published: November 2009

Indium and its salts have emerged as promising catalysts for effecting various functional group transformations in last two decades. There are a great number of reported reactions involving indium reagents; the versatility and the applicability of these reactions makes it a hot field to explore, and it attracts much interest from organic chemists. The development of indium reagents in C–C bond‐formation reactions, coupling reactions, asymmetric synthesis in the presence of chiral‐metal ligand complexes, etc. has made this field more attractive. Indium salts have pronounced Lewis acid character and are also attractive because of their moderate stability to water. Here we highlight developments in indium chemistry reported in the last eight years.
A novel preparation of pyridine–urea hybrids and elucidation of their structures
Authors: Fan Xuesen , Feng Dong , Wang Xia , Qu Yingying , Zhang Xinying
Published: November 2009

A mechanistically unique and serendipitously discovered reaction providing a variety of pyridine–urea hybrids via the thiophenol‐initiated uracil ring opening and pyridine ring‐forming process was reported. The identification process of the hybrids and the pathway through which they were formed were also briefly described. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 20:362–368, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20560
Image fusion methodology for efficient interpretation of multiband images in 3D high‐resolution ultrasonic transmission tomography
Authors: Jeong Jeong‐Won , Shin Dae C. , Marmarelis Vasilis Z.
Published: November 2009

With the critical innovations of using submillimeter transducers and multiband analysis of the first arrival pulse, a high‐resolution ultrasonic transmission tomography (HUTT) system has been built and tested to produce multiband images of biological organs at submillimeter resolution. Since the resulting multiband images consist of frequency‐dependent attenuation coefficients (relative to water reference) of transmitted ultrasound pulses, their contrast and sharpness depend on the specific frequency band(s) used for image formation. Even though this multiband representation provides a powerful tool for soft‐tissue differentiation, it hinders visual inspection and limits the visual interpretation of image contents in a short time. To facilitate the visual interpretation of HUTT multiband images, this article presents an efficient image fusion methodology called local principal component analysis with structure tensor (LPCA‐ST). The LPCA has been known as a feasible tool for the fusion of spectral data, since it utilizes the principal components of spectral data as a fusion‐weighting vector of local area. Nonetheless, the LPCA‐fused image often suffers from oversmoothness because of the redundancy of the spectral data. To prevent this problem, we propose a structure tensor as the metric used to select the most informative bands for subsequent LPCA fusion. Our preliminary studies have shown that the contrast of the LPCA‐fused image improves dramatically only when multiband images whose values of the respective structure tensor are the highest are used in the LPCA fusion process. This is achieved in 3D without increasing the computational complexity of the fusion process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 277–282, 2009
Reduced model of discrete‐time dynamic image segmentation system and its bifurcation analysis
Authors: Fujimoto Ken'ichi , Musashi Mio , Yoshinaga Tetsuya
Published: November 2009

We have developed a discrete‐time dynamic image segmentation system consisting of chaotic neurons and a global inhibitor. Our system receives an image with isolated regions and can output segmented images in time series based on oscillatory responses of chaotic neurons. In this article, we derive a reduced model to find intrinsic properties of the system of dynamic image segmentation. Using numerical method for analyzing dynamical systems, we investigated bifurcation phenomena of a fixed point observed in the reduced model. As the results, in a model of two coupled chaotic neurons, we found that a set of Neimark‐Sacker bifurcations causes the generation of an in‐phase oscillatory response, which is unsuitable for the purpose of dynamic image segmentation. The bifurcation analysis gives appropriate parameter values to exclude the generation of in‐phase oscillatory responses, i.e., our dynamic image segmentation system can work well. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 283–289, 2009
Application of highlight removal and multivariate image analysis to color measurement of flotation bubble images
Authors: Yang Chunhua , Xu Canhui , Gui Weihua , Zhou Kaijun
Published: November 2009

Machine vision based analysis provides a novel technology for froth flotation monitoring. Froth images collected are characterized by fully occupied bubbles with different size and shape under various illuminations. Convex bubbles lead to the formation of white spots that seriously affect froth color measurement. In this article, specular highlights are detected and preprocessed so as to estimate underlying color of white spots region. Because of the fact that color information is believed to be related to flotation performance, therefore, after the application of highlight inpainting, multivariate image analysis is proposed to extract color features, which are further related to mineral grades by a orthogonal least square regression model. The established relationship provides a promising empirical model to predict mineral grade, which is a significant indicator for flotation performance. Experimental results show that, when compared with traditional methods, the proposed algorithm can achieve a robust color measurement and predict mineral concentration effectively. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 19, 316–322, 2009