bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joyce and his Apostles: The Exchange of Capital between Joyce and transition
Authors: Hemelaar Iza
Published: June 2022

In the interwar Parisian literary field, transition was among the most influential expatriate magazines, promoting forms of new, avant-garde literature. Its main feature was the serialisation of James Joyce’s Work in Progress, which was to be published as Finnegans Wake in 1939. Joyce and transition had become closely connected to each other through their literary exchange and the representation of Joyce by transition was beneficial to both the author’s and the literary magazine’s success. Simultaneously, Sylvia Beach, the owner of the bookshop Shakespeare and Company, represented a key factor to both of their careers. This paper interprets these exchanges through the Bourdieusian framework of symbolic capital, arguing that their involvement with each other could be regarded as not just an exchange of literary merit, but also of power, as through their positions in the literary field Joyce and transition, with the help of Beach, were able to substantially influence each other’s literary careers and prestige.
Outside the Mainstream Press: Language, Materiality, and Temporality in Microzines
Authors: Ernst Jutta , Fazli Sabina , Scheiding Oliver
Published: June 2022

This article examines aesthetic strategies employed in the modernist little magazine and contemporary independent magazines. Language, materiality, and temporality are found to be key elements for experimental multimodal expressions challenging mainstream periodical cultures. In order to emphasize parallels between precarious, noncommercial, and innovative micro-publishing practices of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, we propose to use the term ‘microzine’. In three case studies, we offer analyses of linguistic defamiliarization, typography and design, and the representation of temporal experiences of migrancy to highlight the entanglement of aesthetic strategies as well as their persistence over time. This comparison of the Little Review (1914–29), NXS (2017–2022), and Burnt Roti (2016–) opens up possibilities to view disparate non-mainstream magazine projects as potent incubatory spaces for new magazinal assemblages.
A Critical Juncture: “Later” Latin Literature, the Newest Late Antiquity, and the Period of the Western Classic
Authors: Vessey Mark , Vessey Mark
Published: June 2022

With the appearance in 2020 of a long-awaited second “late antique” instalment of the Handbuch der lateinischen Literatur der Antike (Munich: C.H. Beck, 1989– ) and a new, collaborative Cambridge History of Later Latin Literature now at an advanced stage of preparation, there is an opportunity to re-evaluate the possibilities of scholarship in this field. What relation does such “literary” research bear to current, globalizing styles in late antique and first-millennial historical and cultural studies? What is likely to be the impact on it of current trends in the study of classical reception and intertextuality? This essay attempts a preliminary framing of the issues with reference to a largely discredited but still powerful model of the western literary classic, while arguing for hermeneutical continuity between the breakthrough work of Peter Brown’s half-century-old World of Late Antiquity (1971) and the critical-historical role of later ancient (Latin) literary studies.
Using Shopping Data to Improve the Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer: Computational Analysis of a Web-Based Survey
Authors: Dolan Elizabeth H , Goulding James , Tata Laila J , Lang Alexandra R
Published: June 2022

Background

Shopping data can be analyzed using machine learning techniques to study population health. It is unknown if the use of such methods can successfully investigate prediagnosis purchases linked to self-medication of symptoms of ovarian cancer.

Objective

The aims of this study were to gain new domain knowledge from women’s experiences, understand how women’s shopping behavior relates to their pathway to the diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and inform research on computational analysis of shopping data for population health.

Methods

A web-based survey on individuals’ shopping patterns prior to an ovarian cancer diagnosis was analyzed to identify key knowledge about health care purchases. Logistic regression and random forest models were employed to statistically examine how products linked to potential symptoms related to presentation to health care and timing of diagnosis.

Results

Of the 101 women surveyed with ovarian cancer, 58.4% (59/101) bought nonprescription health care products for up to more than a year prior to diagnosis, including pain relief and abdominal products. General practitioner advice was the primary reason for the purchases (23/59, 39%), with 51% (30/59) occurring due to a participant’s doctor believing their health problems were due to a condition other than ovarian cancer. Associations were shown between purchases made because a participant’s doctor believing their health problems were due to a condition other than ovarian cancer and the following variables: health problems for longer than a year prior to diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] 7.33, 95% CI 1.58-33.97), buying health care products for more than 6 months to a year (OR 3.82, 95% CI 1.04-13.98) or for more than a year (OR 7.64, 95% CI 1.38-42.33), and the number of health care product types purchased (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.13-2.11). Purchasing patterns are shown to be potentially predictive of a participant’s doctor thinking their health problems were due to some condition other than ovarian cancer, with nested cross-validation of random forest classification models achieving an overall in-sample accuracy score of 89.1% and an out-of-sample score of 70.1%.

Conclusions

Women in the survey were 7 times more likely to have had a duration of more than a year of health problems prior to a diagnosis of ovarian cancer if they were self-medicating based on advice from a doctor rather than having made the decision to self-medicate independently. Predictive modelling indicates that women in such situations, who are self-medicating because their doctor believes their health problems may be due to a condition other than ovarian cancer, exhibit distinct shopping behaviors that may be identifiable within purchasing data. Through exploratory research combining women sharing their behaviors prior to diagnosis and computational analysis of these data, this study demonstrates that women’s shopping data could potentially be useful for early ovarian cancer detection.
Evaluation of MyCOVIDRisk App Users: An Updated Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Tool for Public Use
Authors: Ranney Megan , Goldberg Elizabeth , Ernst Zahrie , Perera Sudheesha , Haut Arenal , Bingaman Charlotte
Published: June 2022

Background

The MyCOVIDRisk app is a free web-based tool for the public to quickly estimate the likelihood of COVID-19 infection based on individual behavior, environmental factors, and local case counts. User input of activities and mitigation measures impact the modifiable risk estimates. Originally launched in October 2020, an updated version was released in November 2021 to account for the transmission dynamics of delta and omicron variants and the protective effects of vaccination.

Objective

This study aims to assess trends in (1) user characteristics, (2) projected risk level, and (3) mitigation measures selected by users since the app’s inception.

Methods

We tracked overall site usage with Google Analytics. To describe user inputs (preferred activities, gathering sizes, vaccination status, and other risk mitigation steps), we aggregated back-end app data logging at every run of the risk analysis algorithm. We calculated descriptive statistics.

Results

As of March 1, 2022, the MyCOVIDRisk app has been used 1,339,940 times (1,231,546 times in v1 and 108,394 times in v2). Multiple characteristics of activities changed across the 2 versions. For example, the top activity in v1 was “Visiting Friend’s House” (22.6%, n=146,399); versus “Family Dinner” in v2 (21.3%, n=19,724). In v1, only 0.7% of users who were originally “high risk” and 10.8% of those who were originally “moderate risk” decreased their predicted risk to “low” using layered mitigation steps. In v2, in comparison, 24.4% of high-risk and 24.8% of moderate-risk activities were decreased to low risk.

Conclusions

The MyCOVIDRisk App allows individuals to assess in real time risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2. Using app-directed mitigation steps, users were able to reduce their predicted risk of COVID-19 transmission during daily activities. Patterns of mask use and types of activities changed over time. In v2, users were more likely to report being vaccinated or boosted and wearing masks compared to what national statistics suggest. Future iterations of the app should assess actual change in behavior and should aim to reach those who are not currently vaccinated or masking.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Rebecca Wang, Jason Peres da Silva, and Anusha Rahman.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
Medication Use and Clinical Outcomes by the Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing Medicines Program: Quantitative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Ismail Rawa Kamaran , van Breeschoten Jesper , van der Flier Silvia , van Loosen Caspar , Pasmooij Anna Maria Gerdina , van Dartel Maaike , van den Eertwegh Alfons , de Boer Anthonius , Wouters Michel , Hilarius Doranne
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing (DICA) Medicines Program was set up in September 2018 to evaluate expensive medicine use in daily practice in terms of real-world effectiveness using only existing data sources.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to describe the potential of the addition of declaration data to quality registries to provide participating centers with benchmark information about the use of medicines and outcomes among patients.

METHODS

A total of 3 national population-based registries were linked to clinical and financial data from the hospital pharmacy, the Dutch diagnosis treatment combinations information system including in-hospital activities, and survival data from health care insurers. The first results of the real-world data (RWD) linkage are presented using descriptive statistics to assess patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics. Time-to-next-treatment (TTNT) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS

A total of 21 Dutch hospitals participated in the DICA Medicines Program, which included 7412 patients with colorectal cancer, 1981 patients with metastasized colon cancer, 3860 patients with lung cancer, 1253 patients with metastasized breast cancer, and 7564 patients with rheumatic disease. The data were used for hospital benchmarking to gain insights into medication use in specific patient populations, treatment information, clinical outcomes, and costs. Detailed treatment information (duration and treatment steps) led to insights into differences between hospitals in daily clinical practices. Furthermore, exploratory analyses on clinical outcomes (TTNT and OS) were possible.

CONCLUSIONS

The DICA Medicines Program shows that it is possible to gather and link RWD about medicines to 4 disease-specific population-based registries. Since these RWD became available with minimal registration burden and effort for hospitals, this method can be explored in other population-based registries to evaluate real-world efficacy.
Changes in Temporal Properties of Notifiable Infectious Disease Epidemics in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Population-Based Surveillance Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zhao Xixi , Li Meijia , Haihambo Naem , Jin Jianhua , Zeng Yimeng , Qiu Jinyi , Guo Mingrou , Zhu Yuyao , Li Zhirui , Liu Jiaxin , Teng Jiayi , Li Sixiao , Zhao Ya-nan , Cao Yanxiang , Wang Xuemei , Li Yaqiong , Gao Michel , Feng Xiaoyang , Han Chuanliang
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 was first reported in 2019, and the Chinese government immediately carried out stringent and effective control measures in response to the epidemic.

OBJECTIVE

Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) may have impacted incidences of other infectious diseases as well. Potential explanations underlying this reduction, however, are not clear. Hence, in this study, we aim to study the influence of the COVID-19 prevention policies on other infectious diseases (mainly class B infectious diseases) in China.

METHODS

Time series data sets between 2017 and 2021 for 23 notifiable infectious diseases were extracted from public data sets from the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. Several indices (peak and trough amplitudes, infection selectivity, preferred time to outbreak, oscillatory strength) of each infectious disease were calculated before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.

RESULTS

We found that the prevention and control policies for COVID-19 had a strong, significant reduction effect on outbreaks of other infectious diseases. A clear event-related trough (ERT) was observed after the outbreak of COVID-19 under the strict control policies, and its decreasing amplitude is related to the infection selectivity and preferred outbreak time of the disease before COVID-19. We also calculated the oscillatory strength before and after the COVID-19 outbreak and found that it was significantly stronger before the COVID-19 outbreak and does not correlate with the trough amplitude.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results directly demonstrate that prevention policies for COVID-19 have immediate additional benefits for controlling most class B infectious diseases, and several factors (infection selectivity, preferred outbreak time) may have contributed to the reduction in outbreaks. This study may guide the implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions to control a wider range of infectious diseases.
Evaluation of MyCOVIDRisk App Users: An Updated Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Tool for Public Use (Preprint)
Authors: Ranney Megan , Goldberg Elizabeth , Ernst Zahrie , Perera Sudheesha , Haut Arenal , Bingaman Charlotte
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

The MyCOVIDRisk app is a free web-based tool for the public to quickly estimate the likelihood of COVID-19 infection based on individual behavior, environmental factors, and local case counts. User input of activities and mitigation measures impact the modifiable risk estimates. Originally launched in October 2020, an updated version was released in November 2021 to account for the transmission dynamics of delta and omicron variants and the protective effects of vaccination.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess trends in (1) user characteristics, (2) projected risk level, and (3) mitigation measures selected by users since the app’s inception.

METHODS

We tracked overall site usage with Google Analytics. To describe user inputs (preferred activities, gathering sizes, vaccination status, and other risk mitigation steps), we aggregated back-end app data logging at every run of the risk analysis algorithm. We calculated descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

As of March 1, 2022, the MyCOVIDRisk app has been used 1,339,940 times (1,231,546 times in v1 and 108,394 times in v2). Multiple characteristics of activities changed across the 2 versions. For example, the top activity in v1 was “Visiting Friend’s House” (22.6%, n=146,399); versus “Family Dinner” in v2 (21.3%, n=19,724). In v1, only 0.7% of users who were originally “high risk” and 10.8% of those who were originally “moderate risk” decreased their predicted risk to “low” using layered mitigation steps. In v2, in comparison, 24.4% of high-risk and 24.8% of moderate-risk activities were decreased to low risk.

CONCLUSIONS

The MyCOVIDRisk App allows individuals to assess in real time risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2. Using app-directed mitigation steps, users were able to reduce their predicted risk of COVID-19 transmission during daily activities. Patterns of mask use and types of activities changed over time. In v2, users were more likely to report being vaccinated or boosted and wearing masks compared to what national statistics suggest. Future iterations of the app should assess actual change in behavior and should aim to reach those who are not currently vaccinated or masking.
Telehealth Technology Competency and Difficulties in the Therapeutic Process (Preprint)
Authors: Hynes Kevin , Tambling Rachel , Bischoff Thomas
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Telehealth therapy services increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and have the potential to shape service provision in the future. The growing body of research on telehealth services provides evidence of the efficacy of such services and the possibility for greater accessibility of counseling services for hard-to-reach clients. However, less is known regarding 2 unique processes of engaging in telehealth services, which are telehealth difficulties and perceived therapist telehealth competency.

OBJECTIVE

This study examines the factor structure of the following 2 new measures: the Telehealth Difficulties Scale and the Therapist Telehealth Competency Scale.

METHODS

Exploratory factor analyses were used with 223 participants who used telehealth services. Following this validation, these measures were tested with their association with the therapeutic alliance and therapy productiveness among clients of telehealth services using linear regressions.

RESULTS

The study found that both measures had a one-factor structure and predicted therapeutic alliance scores. In addition, telehealth competency predicted therapy productiveness.

CONCLUSIONS

The implications for these results are discussed, and future directions are given.
Enhancement of Self-Management of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) among adults in urban poor settings of India using Digital Health Intervention: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Grover Ashoo , Agrawal Usha , Kaur Harpreet , Malhotra Bhavya , Agrawal Sandeep
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a growing concern among the adult population in India, particularly among the urban poor. The challenge of this group is a combination of risk factors including an urbanized lifestyle, poor access to healthcare, and financial limitations, leading to high levels of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension.

OBJECTIVE

The current study aims to address this challenge by designing, developing, and piloting a tailored, mobile-enabled interactive digital health intervention to enhance self-management of MetS among individuals living in urban slums of New Delhi, India.

METHODS

The study employs mixed methods, including both quantitative and qualitative data collection to design and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention that is built on a multifactorial model in improving the self-management of MetS. Data will be collected at baseline and 12 months from the urban slums of Delhi.

RESULTS

The findings will be disseminated to both national and international audiences through peer-reviewed publications. The results will contribute to our understanding of the interplay of risk factors in MetS and the impact of tailored digital health interventions in addressing this challenge.

CONCLUSIONS

The study is expected to provide valuable insights into the role of digital health interventions in enhancing self-management of MetS among the urban poor population.

CLINICALTRIAL
Risk and Resilience Pathways, Community Adversity, Decision Making, and Alcohol Use among Appalachian Adolescents: Protocol for the Young Mountaineer Health Study Cohort (Preprint)
Authors: Kristjansson Alfgeir L. , Santilli Annette M. , Mills Rosalina , Layman Hannah M. , Smith Megan L. , Mann Michael J. , MacKillop James , James Jack E. , Lilly Christa L. , Kogan Steven M.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Alcohol use impairs psychosocial and neurocognitive development and increases youth vulnerability to academic failure, substance use disorder and other mental health problems. Early adolescent alcohol use onset is of particular concern, forecasting substance abuse in later adolescence and adulthood. Evidence to date suggests that youth in rural areas are especially vulnerable to contextual and community factors that contribute to early onset of alcohol use.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the Young Mountaineer Health Study (YMHS) is to investigate the influence of contextual and health behavior variables on early onset of alcohol use among middle school-aged youth in resource-poor Appalachian rural communities.

METHODS

This is a program of prospective cohort studies of ~2,200 middle school youth from a range of twenty rural, small town, and small city (< 30k) public schools in West Virginia. Students participate in 6 waves of data collection (2 per year), over the course of middle school (6th- 8th grades, fall and spring). Based on an organizational arrangement which includes a team of local data collection leaders, supervising contact agents in schools, and an “honest broker” system to de-identify data linked via school IDs, we have been able to collect novel forms of data (self-report, teacher-report, census linked area data, and archival school records) while ensuring high rates of participation by a large majority of youth in each participating school.

RESULTS

To date, three waves of student survey data, two waves of teacher data, and a selection of archival school records have been collected. Student survey Wave 1: N = 1,349 (response rate = 80.7%), Wave 2: N = 1,649 (response rate = 87.0%), and Wave 3: N = 1,909 (response rate = 83.1%). The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the sampling frame size, resulting in a reduced number of eligible students, particularly during the fall of 2020. Nevertheless, our team structure and incentive system has proven vitally important in mitigating a potentially far greater negative impact of the pandemic on our data collection processes.

CONCLUSIONS

The YMHS will employ a large dataset to test pathways linking rural community disadvantage to alcohol misuse among early adolescents. Further, the program will test hypotheses regarding contextual factors (e.g., parenting practices, neighborhood collective efficacy) that protect youth from community disadvantage, and explore alcohol antecedents in the onset of nicotine, marijuana, and other drug use. So far, data collection efforts have been successful despite interruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Data quality checking, preliminary analyses, and manuscript preparations are currently under way.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Use of artificial intelligence in the search for new information through routine laboratory tests: A systematic review (Preprint)
Authors: Cardozo Glauco , Tirloni Salvador Francisco , Pereira Moro Antônio Renato , Brum Marques Jefferson Luiz
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

Laboratory tests almost always have their results presented separately as individual values. Physicians, however, need to analyse a set of results to propose a supposed diagnosis, which leads us to think that sets of laboratory tests may contain more information than those presented separately for each result.

OBJECTIVE

In this sense, we seek to identify scientific research that uses laboratory tests and machine learning techniques to predict hidden information and diagnose diseases.

METHODS

The methodology adopted used the PICO principles (population, intervention, comparison and outcomes), searching the main Engineering and Health Sciences databases.

RESULTS

Following the defined requirements, 40 works were selected and evaluated, presenting good quality in the analysis process. We found that in recent years, a significant increase in the number of works that have used this methodology, mainly due to COVID-19. In general, the works used machine learning classification models to predict new information, and the most used parameters were data from routine laboratory tests, such as the complete blood count.

CONCLUSIONS

Finally, we conclude that laboratory tests, together with machine learning techniques, can predict new tests, thus helping search for new diagnoses. This process has proved to be advantageous and innovative for medical laboratories. They are making it possible to discover hidden information and propose additional tests, reducing the number of false negatives and helping in the early discovery of unknown diseases.
Infraestructura estatal urbana en la producción de la fuerza de trabajo
Authors: Steimberg Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

Este escrito analiza el papel de la infraestructura estatal urbana en la producción de la fuerza de trabajo como parte del salario indirecto, cuestión que permite interrogar su vínculo con la lucha de clases. Se afirma que la lucha de clases constituye la forma concreta que realiza la determinación del consumo individual de los trabajadores por el consumo productivo del capital; esta perspectiva introduce la reflexión sobre el Estado, en tanto se sostiene que las necesidades del consumo productivo del capital no se manifiestan como tales para la autoridad pública, sino mediadas por la lucha de clases.
La ilusión viaja en tranvía. La imposibilidad de las reformas educativas en México
Authors: Gil-Antón Manuel , Contreras Leobardo-Eduardo
Published: June 2022

Se propone que las Reformas Educativas (RE), impulsadas en el siglo XXI, son imposibles en su pretensión de lograr cambios sustanciales en los aprendizajes, dado que su diseño descansa en una serie de ilusiones. Las más importantes, que son  denominador común de las RE en general, refieren al tiempo, el espacio, la causalidad y a los actores  involucrados, que conducen a la simplificación del problema que pretenden atender y su fracaso. Se analizan las RE derivadas del Pacto por México (2012-2018) y su continuidad pragmática actual (2018-2024), y se expone, como bosquejo inicial, otra vía para la  transformación educativa.
Comparison of somatotype profiles and dietary intake of football athletes in different playing levels in Indonesia
Authors: Penggalih Mirza Hapsari Sakti Titis , Solichah Kurnia Maratus , Dewinta Mustika Cahya Nirmala , Niamilah Ibtidau , Nadia Almira , Pratiwi Diana , Hosianna Dessy , Darmastuti Arum , Prihastin Annisa , Syarifah Naila , Ningrum Ratna Kusuma , Reswati Vigur Dinda Yulia , Bactiar Nia
Published: June 2022

Background: Anthropometry characteristic was significantly correlated with nutrition status, and both factors significantly contributed to athletes' sports performance. Somatotype as one of the anthropometric values can be used as screening or “diagnosis” in selecting new talents. The changes in athletes’ body composition by inadequate dietary intake and over-consumption relate to the performance quality of athletes. Objective: The study aimed to compare football athletes' somatotype profiles and dietary intake in different playing levels in Indonesia. Methods: A total of 112 adolescent football athletes in 4 playing levels; elite national team (ENT), advanced senior team (AST), advanced junior team (AJT), and amateur college athletes (ACT), performed somatotype measurement and dietary intake assessments using 3x24-h food recall. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to illustrate the difference among ENT, AST, AJT, and ACT groups, while a post-hoc test was used to verify pairwise comparison. Results: All groups showed a significant difference in somatotype profiles and dietary intake. The somatotype profile of ENT group, categorized as balanced mesomorph (2.5-5.2-2.2), was the closest to the ideal profile of elite football athletes and was the most mesomorph among other groups. The somatotype of the AST group was the least mesomorph (1.5-3.2-3.0). Adequate energy intake was found only in the ENT group, whereas inadequate (<80%) in other groups. None of the groups consume an adequate amount of carbohydrates. The lowest dietary intake was found in the lowest playing level group, ACT. The somatotype profile and dietary intake of the ENT group were the most optimum compared to other groups, although the excess intake of fat should be noticed. Conclusions: The somatotype profile of elite athletes in the ENT group was the closest to the ideal somatotype of elite football athletes in high-level competition. Dietary intake in the ENT group was also the most adequate, although the excess fat intake should be noticed.
Pre-Hospital and In-Hospital Delay in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Indonesia: A Multi-center Study
Authors: Nathisuwan Surakit , Minalloh Rizqi Haqqum , Machin Abdulloh , Mardiana Wida , Suansanae Thanarat , Chulavatnatol Suvatna
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Little is known regarding pre-hospital and in-hospital delays in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the nature of these delays and identify factors causing pre-hospital delays among AIS patients in Indonesia. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted among adult AIS patients in 3 hospitals in Surabaya during March–August 2019. Baseline characteristics along with time intervals both pre- and post-arrival of patients to the study sites were collected and analysed. Multiple logistic regression analyses with a stepwise forward model were performed to evaluate the factors contributing to the pre-hospital delay. Results: A total of 126 patients were recruited in this study. Mean age ± S.D. was 58.56 ± 10.71 years old. The mean ± S.D. time of pre-hospital delay and mean ± S.D. time to computerized tomography scan were 1,004±1,116.09 and 189±166.44 minutes, respectively. Only 18 out of 126 patients (14.29%) presented to the hospitals within 4.5-hour of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) time window. However, only 3 patients (2.38%) ultimately received IVT. Wake-up stroke (OR=17.865; p=0.019), unawareness of the gravity of symptoms (OR=11.025; p=0.007), unawareness of stroke symptoms (OR=7.880; p=0.003) and referral patient (OR=7.819; p=0.008) were significantly associated with pre-hospital delay. Conclusion: Pre-hospital delay of AIS was very common and represented a challenging problem to improve stroke care in Indonesia. Wake-up stroke along with lack of patient understanding in recognizing stroke symptoms and ineffective referral system were the most prominent risk factors for pre-hospital delay in Indonesian AIS patients.
Preparation and Characterization of Pregelatinized Sago Starch (PSS) from Native Sago Starch (NSS) (Metroxylon sp.) and its Evaluation as Tablet Disintegrant and Filler-Binder on Direct Compression Tablet
Authors: Sulaiman T.N. Saifullah , Wahyuono Wahyono , Bestari Angi Nadya , Aziza Farida Nur
Published: June 2022

Starches are biodegradable and relatively inexpensive natural biopolymers which are widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Sago starch is one of the starches which can be potentially used as the excipient in pharmaceutical formulation. The purpose of this study was to modify and to characterize the physical and chemical properties of native sago starch (Metroxylon sp) (NSS) and pregelatinized sago starch (PSS). NSS was evaluated to be confirmed with the requirement, including microscopic analyses, amylum identification, ash content, amylum acidity, loss on drying, solubility in water, solubility in ethanol, and chemical content of Pb, Cd, Hg. Physically evaluated for both types of sago starch were particle size, moisture content, flow rate, angle of repose, tapped density, compactibility, water absorption rate, and water absorption capacity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to characterize and evaluate PSS and NSS’s chemical properties. Chemical content (Pb, Cd, Hg) and microbial content (yeast mold figures, number of bacteria, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp.) of PSS are also identified. The results of this study showed that PSS exhibited different values of those determined parameters compared to that of NSS on particle size, moisture content, flow rate, the angle of repose, tapped density, water absorption rate, and water absorption capacity. In conclusion, PSS has better flow properties because it has a larger particle size than the NSS. PSS also has a larger water absorption rate and water absorption capacity than the NSS because PSS can interact with water easier than NSS. There is no bacterial content in PSS which means PSS follows the regulatory requirement. PSS had a good effect on weight uniformity, hardness, and disintegration time of the tablets. It makes PSS can be potentially used as the excipient in solid dosage form formulation.
The Effects of Media and Blanching Time on the Antioxidative Properties of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.
Authors: Pujimulyani Dwiyati , Windrayahya Sulkhan , Irnawati Irnawati
Published: June 2022

Black saffron (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) belongs to the family of Zingiberaceae is one of rhizomes widely used as raw material in Indonesian Traditional Medicines. Black saffron (BS) contains some bioactive compounds responsible for certain biological activities including antioxidant. Blanching has been reported to increase the antioxidant activity of BS. This study aims to formulate BS containing high antioxidant activity. This research was performed by varying blanching medium (citric acid and aquadest) and blanching time (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5 and 10 min). The fabrication stage of BS powder included peeling, cleaning, blanching, slicing drying, grinding, and sieving. After that, the treated BS was analyzed for the antioxidant activity, total phenolic, total flavonoid, tannin, crude fiber, and water contents. BS powder subjected to blanching process showed better antioxidant activity than that without blanching process. Blanching using citric acid media 0.05% for 5 min showed the best antioxidant activities, as indicated by high contents of total phenolic, total flavonoid, and tannins. Powdered BS is potential to be used as materials to be applied as fortifying agents in food products.
Card or Cash? An Econometrical and Behavioral Analysis in Greece during Covid-19
Authors: Anysiadou Melpomeni
Published: June 2022

Purpose: This study aims to investigate Greek bank card holders’ behavior and verify the use of this means of payment against cash in their various transactions.Methodology: A variety of econometric and behavioral models were used to capture those factors that can affect satisfaction and attitude towards bank cards and behavioral intention to continue using them, in conjunction with the choice of using this payment method over cash, during the Covid-19 period in Greece.By performing Factor Analysis, Multiple Logistic Regression, Structural Equation, and Multiple Linear Regressions Models, it was proved that factors such as transaction security, acceptance of the payment, ease of use, and the characteristics of bank cards could be influencing the use of such banking products. Exceptional were the findings regarding the influence of the type of good, the sector, and transaction size, on the choice of payment method. In addition, individuals’ perceptions about the prestige and benefits offered by bank cards against cash, in combination with elements of an individual’s personality, such as materialism and compulsive buyers, were equally important factors that could enhance the use of these banking products in Greece.Originality: The novelty of this study lies in the fact that a variety of different econometric and behavioral models were used to investigate in-depth personal factors and factors related to the conduction of transactions that both affect the use of bank cards and cash at a time that Greek transactions require to be contactless.
REASONABLE TIME AND BANKRUPTCY OF SOCIALLY-OWNED ENTERPRISES
Authors: Mojašević Aleksandar , Jovanović Aleksandar
Published: June 2022

The subject matter of this paper is the bankruptcy of socially-owned enterprises. The aim is to examine the implications of bankruptcy proceedings against socially-owned enterprises on the budget of the Republic of Serbia and its taxpayers. The starting hypothesis is that the bankruptcies of socially-owned enterprises will have a significant negative impact on the budget of RS and its taxpayers. In order to test this hypothesis, we used the technique of descriptive statistics to determine the differences between the Commercial Courts in Belgrade, Niš and Kragujevac in terms of the average duration of bankruptcy proceedings, the maximum and minimum duration of cases, and the percentage of cases pending over four or three years. In addition, we provide a hypothetical calculation of the costs of the bankruptcy proceedings of all socially-owned enterprises in the three commercial courts in case the objection for the protection of the right to a trial within a reasonable time has been affirmed. The results show that there are no significant differences between the three commercial courts in the time dimension of the bankruptcy of socially-owned enterprises, given the fact that the vast majority of cases exceed the reasonable time limits and that such lengthy proceedings will significantly burden the RS budget.
LEGAL PRINCIPLES AS TELEOLOGICAL LEGAL ATTITUDES IN THE LEGAL ORDER OF A STATE OF LAW
Authors: Prica Miloš
Published: June 2022

This article presents the difference between legal norms and legal principles.  The author’s viewpoint is based on the differentiation between regulatory, systemic and teleological legal attitudes in the legal order of a state of law (Rechtsstaat). The conceptual framework of legal principles entails constituent laws and different areas of a legal order. Unlike legal norms (as subject-specific regulating legal attitudes) and legal standards (as the most general legal attitudes), legal principles are radiating teleological legal attitudes. Moreover, being the result of systemic and teleological concretisation of written law, legal principles as basic teleological legal attitudes are shaped as bundles of teleological legal attitudes and legal conceptions. In the order of a legal state, legal principles have a circular flow in the operation of the legal order, which is determined by the complementary roles of the institutional order of public authority, the institutional order of state authority, and the institutional order of a territorial community. It necessarily brings to light the difference between the fundamental legal principles of a legal order and the legal principles governing different areas of a legal order. This article analyzes the aspects of systemic and teleological understanding of legal principles, particularly considering the distinctive nature of legal principles as sources of law. Legal principles are also viewed as canons directly developed in jurisprudence, within the framework of the “internal legal system” based on legal forms.
‘CONVERTING’ DIFC JUDGMENTS INTO ARBITRAL AWARDS: PRACTICE DIRECTION No. 2 OF 2015 AND ITS CONTROVERSIES
Authors: Todorović Miljana
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the DIFC Practice Direction No.2 of 2015, which provides a possibility of judgment conversion into an arbitral award. In certain cases, this mechanism allows a judgment to become the basis of an arbitral award if parties agree to refer a 'judgment payment dispute' to arbitration. As a result, it would be possible to enforce an award rendered in this procedure under the New York Convention. In the beginning, a short overview is given of the organisation of the DIFC Courts and the Arbitration Center, their main features, and the enforcement of the DIFC judgments and arbitral awards abroad. Following is a detailed interpretation of Practice Direction No.2, the suggested arbitration clause and the referral criteria, their evolution, and the drafter's intention hidden in its wording. The last part deals with controversies in the use and the effect of Practice Direction No. 2, especially the negative effect of the elimination of the review of a judgment, the possibility of the arbitral tribunal to rehear the dispute, and the risk of double recovery. Notwithstanding the feasibility of the application of the New York Convention to enforce an arbitral award resulting from the use of the arbitral clause recommended in Practice Direction No. 2, the use of this mechanism would have an eliminating effect on the review of due process and public policy, which would normally be performed in a court exequatur.
Thermometry of Gaussian quantum systems using Gaussian measurements
Authors: Cenni Marina F.B. , Lami Ludovico , Acín Antonio , Mehboudi Mohammad
Published: June 2022

We study the problem of estimating the temperature of Gaussian systems with feasible measurements, namely Gaussian and photo-detection-like measurements. For Gaussian measurements, we develop a general method to identify the optimal measurement numerically, and derive the analytical solutions in some relevant cases. For a class of single-mode states that includes thermal ones, the optimal Gaussian measurement is either Heterodyne or Homodyne, depending on the temperature regime. This is in contrast to the general setting, in which a projective measurement in the eigenbasis of the Hamiltonian is optimal regardless of temperature. In the general multi-mode case, and unlike the general unrestricted scenario where joint measurements are not helpful for thermometry (nor for any parameter estimation task), it is open whether joint Gaussian measurements provide an advantage over local ones. We conjecture that they are not useful for thermal systems, supported by partial analytical and numerical evidence. We further show that Gaussian measurements become optimal in the limit of large temperatures, while {on/off} photo-detection-like measurements do it for when the temperature tends to zero. Our results therefore pave the way for effective thermometry of Gaussian quantum systems using experimentally realizable measurements.
Quality Assurance in HECA Colleges During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed Methods Analysis through the lens of QQI’s Core Criteria
Authors: Report HAQEF
Published: June 2022

The National Forum’s 2020 Network and Discipline Fund was launched in November 2020 andfocuses on Shared Solutions to Common Challenges. Its overarching aim is to support networksand discipline groups to work together to respond proactively to identified challenges in teachingand learning in higher education, including those that have come to light through the suddenmove to online/remote teaching and learning.The National Forum’s 2020 Network and DisciplineFund, drawing on the Higher Education Colleges’Association (HECA) members’ experience, providedthe HECA Academic Quality Enhancement Forum(HAQEF) with opportunities to strengthen its networksand discipline group, support their efforts to enhanceteaching and learning, and produce useful insights andresources into the application of quality assurance ofblended and online learning.In the pandemic period, many colleges were forcedto change from a face-to-face delivery model ofeducation and training to an online format of delivery.This disruption meant that assumptions about andplans for how the courses were to be delivered andmanaged had to be rapidly reviewed. With governmentpronouncements advising all staff to work from homewhere possible, the majority of internal roles andprocesses of colleges were also affected. The qualityassurance (QA) policies, processes and procedures thatwere developed by colleges had to be modified to reflectthis change in circumstances.This document reports on the results of a mixedmethods study of QA developments that came about asa result of the initial changes enforced by the pandemicand the move to working from home. It also looked atwhat was learned about the management of quality inthis sector during this time.Data was collected by HAQEF via a survey of QApersonnel from the member colleges of HECA andfollow up interviews. The survey consisted of 11questions, one for each Core Area of Quality, as set outin the QQI Core QA Guidelines (2016). The questionsasked for reflections on each provider’s experienceof managing this aspect of QA, what resources orinstances of good practice they could share withpractitioners and which stakeholders were involvedin this adaptation. The interviews asked about themeasures that were undertaken to adapt QA processesin the pandemic period and what challenges could bereported from this adaptation.The report is divided into 11 chapters, with eachchapter centred on a discussion of one Core Area ofQuality as set out in the QQI Core QA Guidelines. Anoverview of the core area is developed, followed by acommentary on common experiences of the groupin this area. Most sections conclude with resources,volunteered by member colleges of HECA, that wasrated as useful in how the cohort navigated themanagement of QA in this core area.
Internal audit function is a global governance pursuit: What could be done in emerging markets?
Authors: Hegazy Mohamed , Farghaly Marwa
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates the internal and the external auditors’ perceptions of how compliance with the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) International Standards for the Professional Practices of Internal Auditing (Standards) enhances the implementation of internal audit function (IAF) as a corporate governance mechanism in the listed companies in an emerging economy. Based on the Common Body of Knowledge (CBOK) database questionnaires were sent to internal auditors (IAs) and external auditors (EAs) of listed firms, and interviews were made with individuals involved in the IAF. The results reveal that IAF in an emerging economy faces difficulties related to objectivity, qualifications, and the roles of the internal audit staff reducing its role in corporate governance (CG). Significant positive correlations between compliance with Attribute Standards of independence, objectivity, proficiency, and free of interference and performance standards enhanced the organizational status of the internal audit. But there is a weak correlation between audit documentation and the organizational status of the internal audit. Quality assurance and improvement program, ongoing monitoring, and self-assessment by other personnel inside the organization having enough knowledge of the internal audit practices are needed for IAF to fulfill its CG responsibilities. This study is considered among the first that surveyed the status of the use of the professional IIA Standards in the listed firms in one of the emerging economies characterized by having good corporate governance practices from the perspectives of both IAs and EAs of the same companies under study.