bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Health Care Empowerment Questionnaire (K-HCEQ)
Authors: Lim Semi , Lee Kyungmi
Published: June 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Health Care Empowerment Questionnaire (K-HCEQ) after translating it into Korean. Methods: Items were verified after translating the HCEQ into Korean, followed by back-translation and evaluation of content validity. The questionnaire survey was administered to 200 community-dwelling individuals aged≥65 years. Construct validity and criterion validity were evaluated, and Cronbach’s a was used to assess the reliability of the scale. Results: The final instrument consisted of three sub-factors and 10 items, as shown by confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, the criterion-related validity showed a correlation coefficient of .50 (p<.001), confirming the validity of the developed instrument. Cronbach’s a for all items was .94, and Cronbach’s a of the sub-factors ranged between .88 and .93. Conclusion: The Korean version of the HCEQ for the elderly is an objective indicator that can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of health education programs aimed at older adults, thereby improving their health care empowerment.
Mediating Effects of Happiness between Gratitude Disposition and Psychological Well-being among Clinical Nurses
Authors: Song Ji-Ah , Yang Hyejin
Published: June 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the mediating effect of happiness on the relationship between gratitude disposition and psychological well-being among nurses working at general hospitals. Methods: The participants were 200 nurses working at general hospitals. A structured questionnaire was administered, and data were collected from November 20, 2020 to December 10, 2020. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression with SPSS for Windows 25.0. Results: Gratitude disposition (β=.62, p<.001) and happiness (β=.66, p<.001) were identified as significant predictors of the psychological well-being of clinical nurses. These variables explained 64% of the variance in nurse’s psychological well-being. Moreover, happiness had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between gratitude disposition and psychological well-being. Conclusion: In order to improve the psychological well-being of clinical nurses, an emotion management program related to gratitude disposition and happiness should be developed and provided.
Review of the Literature on Oral Cancer: Epidemiology, Management and Evidence-based Traditional Medicine Treatment
Authors: Charly Mfutu Mana , Jean-PauI Sekele Issouradi , Ngbolua Koto-Te-Nyiwa , Hippolyte Situakibanza Nani-Tuma , Erick Kamangu Ntambwe , Alifi Paul Bobe , Adelin Nzudjom Foche , Mawunu Monizi , Mulongo Emmanuel Kitete , Anne Tukutuku Musombo Nanou , Mpiana Pius T. , Nestor Pakasa Muyulu
Published: June 2022

Oral cavity cancers are part of the upper aerodigestive tract cancers and represent a significant burden worldwide. Its epidemiology varies from country to country with high frequencies in South East Asian countries. Tobacco and alcohol are the main risk factors. Survival of oral cancer is low i.e., less than 40% in the advanced stage (stage III and IV), diagnosis of oral cavity cancer is based on a complete clinical examination of the oral cavity complete with biopsy, bio-markers are an adjunct to screening and diagnosis of oral cavity cancers, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are part of the therapeutic armamentarium of oral cancer but also have limitations. Traditional medicine is an important and proven alternative in the treatment and support of patients with oral cavity cancer. Prevention of oral cavity cancers includes not only early detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions but also control of risk factors and education of the population. Surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy are part of the therapeutic strategy of oral cancer treatment but also have limitations. Traditional Medicine is an important and proven alternative in the treatment and support of patients with oral cavity cancer. It is thus desirable to scientifically validate phytochemicals in order to integrate alternative medicine as part of national cancer management strategy. In silico advanced studies on secondary metabolites of medicinal plants traditionally used to treat oral cancer are in progress.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Orofacial Dyskinesia in Patients with Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Adewale Adedotun A. , Owotade Foluso J. , Oyetola Elijah O. , Mapayi Boladale M.
Published: June 2022

Aim: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions, facial movement disorders and the associated risk factors among patients with psychotic disorders and controls.

Study Design: A cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: The department of mental health and the General outpatients’ clinic   of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile- Ife, Nigeria. between October 2016 to November 2017.

Methodology: One hundred and eighty consenting patients (90 cases and 90 controls) were recruited. Oral mucosa assessment was based on W.H.O guide to epidemiology and diagnosis of oral mucosa diseases. Involuntary facial movement was assessed using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Xerostomia assessment was done by volumetric sialometry.

Results: Prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in patients with psychotic disorders was 83.33% while it was 71.11% for the controls (P=0.05). The likelihood of developing oral mucosa lesions in patients with psychotic disorders increased with age (Odds ratio 1.02, 95% C.I (1.00-1.03), P=0.04). Orofacial dyskinesia was observed in 17 (18.89%) of the cases on antipsychotic medications and none in the controls (P<0.001).  The risk of developing orofacial dyskinesia also increased (Odds Ratio 1.096, 95% C.I (1.03-1.16), P=0.003) with increase in age in the cases.

Conclusion: Oral mucosa lesions and orofacial dyskinesia were more prevalent in patients with psychotic disorders than the controls. Increasing age was a risk factor for developing oral mucosa lesions and orofacial dyskinesia among patients with psychotic disorders.
Evaluation of Histopathological Effects of Smoked Marijuana on Albino Rats and Its Oxidative Stress Indices
Authors: Okorie Nnaemeka , Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Ufot Mfon , Azi Simon Onyema , Ude Ugonma Agwu , Ibiam Gideon Ama , Ogbuanya Christopher Okwu , Jacob Innocent Chidi , Onyekachi Ewa Ibe
Published: June 2022

Smoking marijuana (cannabis Savita), a psychoactive substance may result in side effect on living cells of the system and oxidative stress may meditate some of these effects. This study aims to evaluate the acute and chronic histopathological effect on wistar albino rat as well as oxidative stress indices and some of the haematological parameters evaluation. This study was conducted at the animal house of Ebonyi State University, Presco campus Abakaliki. The experimental animals were share into control group, acute  and chronic administered group which was housed in the temperature and humidity controlled facility of 22°C+1, standard laboratory mice chow diet with tap water freely available at ad libitum to the animals. The weight of the male wistar albino rat were taken twice daily which range from 150g to 200g after which was exposed to smoke of burnt wrapped 2mg of marijuana morning and evening for 21 days for experimental animals in group B and 42 days for group C animals respectively. The acute histopathological effect and that of chronic of the lungs of smoked marijuana wistar albino rat displayed histomorphological changes with Haematoxylin and Eosin, methanamine silver staining and  phosphotungstic acid staining method when compared with the control lung sections that shows normal histomorphological pattern with the present of alveolar pneumocytes and alveolar space. Evaluation of the lungs of smoked marijuana rat shows increased MDA and decreased level of CAT, SOD, GSH and GPx but examining some of the haematological parameters show elevated Twbc and platelet while packed cell volume decreased the level as compared with control animals. I hereby concluded that marijuana smoked is a potent source of cellular oxidative stress that contributes significantly to cellular injury, dysfunction, and pulmonary edema as well as histomorphological changes from the lungs of marijuana smokers and disorder in some of the haematological parameters.
Health professions education cohort programs: A case study of pivoting from in‐person to online learning in cohort‐based programs
Authors: Green Wendy M. , Hoffman Alexander , Manlapaz Mariel , Foshee Cecile M.
Published: June 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has dramatically affected the way that healthcare is delivered in the United States and has likewise affected the way that health professions education is taught. This article reports a case study of a cohort‐based health professions education program that was forced to transition from a blended model to a fully virtual synchronous model and the effects of that transition on learners and educators. These courses are grounded in experiential learning, and the program overall aims to develop a community of practice that extends beyond program completion. The authors reflected on online observations as well as their own experiences in these courses. We argue learners were still able to move through Kolb's stages of experiential learning. Analysis also indicates that the transition and the unique stressors of the COVID‐19 pandemic may have expanded and strengthened a burgeoning community of practice.
Investigation of Host–Microbe–Parasite Interactions in an In Vitro 3D Model of the Vertebrate Gut
Authors: Moysidou Chrysanthi‐Maria , Withers Aimee M. , Nisbet Alasdair J. , Price Daniel R. G. , Bryant Clare E. , Cantacessi Cinzia , Owens Róisín M.
Published: June 2022

In vitro models of the gut–microbiome axis are in high demand. Conventionally, intestinal monolayers grown on Transwell setups are used to test the effects of commensals/pathogens on the barrier integrity, both under homeostatic and pathophysiological conditions. While such models remain valuable for deepening the understanding of host–microbe interactions, often, they lack key biological components that mediate this intricate crosstalk. Here, a 3D in vitro model of the vertebrate intestinal epithelium, interfaced with immune cells surviving in culture for over 3 weeks, is developed and applied to proof‐of‐concept studies of host–microbe interactions. More specifically, the establishment of stable host–microbe cocultures is described and functional and morphological changes in the intestinal barrier induced by the presence of commensal bacteria are shown. Finally, evidence is provided that the 3D vertebrate gut models can be used as platforms to test host–microbe–parasite interactions. Exposure of gut–immune–bacteria cocultures to helminth “excretory/secretory products” induces in vivo‐like up‐/down‐regulation of certain cytokines. These findings support the robustness of the modular in vitro cell systems for investigating the dynamics of host–microbe crosstalk and pave the way toward new approaches for systems biology studies of pathogens that cannot be maintained in vitro, including parasitic helminths.
In Situ TEM Studies of the Oxidation of Li Dendrites at High Temperatures
Authors: Li Yanshuai , Li Xiaomei , Chen Jianmin , Cai Canying , Tu Wei , Zhao Jun , Tang Yongfu , Zhang Liqiang , Zhou Guangwen , Huang Jianyu
Published: June 2022

Although lithium (Li) is inert to dry oxygen at room temperature, it reacts with dry oxygen at elevated temperatures, causing thermal runaway and fire hazard in Li metal batteries (LMBs). However, the oxidation mechanism of Li at high temperatures is not explored. Here, real‐time transmission electron microscopy studies of the effect of temperature on the oxidation mechanisms of Li dendrites are reported. The oxidation is controlled by the outward diffusion of Li+ through the oxide layer (the Wagner oxidation mechanism), forming thin films of Li2O comprising nanograins at temperatures between 100 and 140 °C. When the temperature is between 160 and 200 °C, the oxidation product is plate‐like LiOH due to the presence of trace amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. When the temperature is above 300 °C, the oxidation product becomes single crystalline Li2O nanocubes. Density function theory calculations reveal the Li oxidation chemistry is controlled by the thermodynamics and kinetics of the interactions between O2 or H2O and Li2O at high temperatures. These results provide an important understanding of the microscopic oxidation mechanism of Li at elevated temperatures, which sheds lights on the thermal runaway of LMBs.
Highly Stretchable, Ultra‐Soft, and Fast Self‐Healable Conductive Hydrogels Based on Polyaniline Nanoparticles for Sensitive Flexible Sensors
Authors: Yu Xiaohui , Zhang Haopeng , Wang Yufei , Fan Xiaoshan , Li Zibiao , Zhang Xu , Liu Tianxi
Published: June 2022

Herein, novel conductive composite hydrogels are developed with high stretchability, ultra‐softness, excellent conductivity, and good self‐healing ability. The hydrogels are formed in the water/glycerol binary solvent system, in which the polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI‐NPs) are incorporated into the poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) (P(PEG‐co‐AA)) scaffolds via the dynamically electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds. The PANI‐NPs serve as conductive fillers to assign conductivity to the hydrogel, while the enhanced interfacial interactions between the PANI‐NPs and P(PEG‐co‐AA) matrix endow the hydrogel with high stretchability (>1000%), low modulus (≈6 kPa), excellent elasticity (η = 0.07, energy loss coefficient at 500% strain), and fast self‐healing ability (93.3% after 10 mins). Particularly, the desirable anti‐freezing property is achieved by introducing a binary solvent system. The composite hydrogel‐based sensors are proposed, with the states‐independent properties, low detection limit (0.5% strain and 25 Pa), highly linear dependence, and excellent anti‐fatigue performance (>1000 cycles). In addition, during the practical wearable sensing tests, various external stimulus and human motions can be detected, including speaking, writing, joint movement, or even small water droplets, indicating the potential applications for the next generation of epidermal sensors.
Multimodal, Convertible, and Chiral Optical Films for Anti‐Counterfeiting Labels
Authors: Zhang Fusheng , Li Qiongya , Wang Cunli , Wang Dongdong , Song Mengyuan , Li Zan , Xue Xingya , Zhang Gang , Qing Guangyan
Published: June 2022

Designing a sustainable security model that carries multilevel information with numerous optical states will significantly enhance anti‐counterfeiting abilities to deter counterfeits, ranging from artworks, currencies, and foods to medicines, but is enormously challenging. Herein, ambient‐friendly, large‐area, quadruple‐level, and chiral luminescent materials are prepared by incorporating lanthanide complexes wrapped in poly(ethylene glycol) matrix into chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films through a co‐assembly strategy. Due to the regulation of the chiral nematic structures, the composite films enable full‐color structural colors and tunable fluorescence. Notably, the brightest fluorescent film radiates right‐handed circularly polarized luminescence with an asymmetric factor over −0.36, a lifetime up to 510 µs, and an absolute quantum yield up to 66.7%. More interestingly, a fascinating chiro‐optical behavior ranging from azure to khaki can be controlled by a polarizing filter at given 0° and 90° rotation angles. This anti‐counterfeiting system showcases the comprehensive properties of bright and responsive photoluminescence, quadruple and convertible color, and flexible and solvent‐resistant abilities. This CNC‐derived photonic material can act as the multimodal security label on a model banknote, which greatly facilitates its development for practical applications.
Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkylation of Vinylcyclopropanes
Authors: Chandu Palasetty , Das Debabrata , Ghosh Krishna G. , Sureshkumar Devarajulu
Published: June 2022

Herein, we report a visible‐light mediated photoredox catalyzed decarboxylative alkylation of vinylcyclopropanes. The reaction was carried out with an Ir‐based photocatalyst and Cs2CO3 as a base. The desired functionalized long‐chained alkylated derivatives were obtained in 48–93% yields under mild reaction conditions without any external metal co‐catalysts, oxidants, or additives. Various alkyl carboxylic acids and amino acid derivatives are used as alkylating reagents to synthesize the γ,δ‐unsaturated diesters, and unnatural homo‐allylic amino acid derivatives with excellent functional groups tolerance. The utility of this method was showcased by performing a gram‐scale synthesis. A mechanism is proposed based on control experiments and quenching studies.

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Fast and Accurate Determination of the Singlet–Triplet Gap in Donor–Acceptor and Multiresonance TADF Molecules by Using Hole–Hole Tamm–Dancoff Approximated Density Functional Theory
Authors: Woon Kai‐Lin , Nikishau Pavel A. , Sini Gjergji
Published: June 2022

One of the requirements to design efficient emitters based on the multiresonance (MR)‐ or donor–acceptor (D‐A) thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials is a relatively small energy gap between the lowest singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST). High‐level ab initio calculations of their ΔEST provide benchmark results, but they are very time consuming and little practical for large‐size systems. Here, the performances of hole–hole Tamm–Dancoff approximated density functional theory (hh‐TDA‐DFT) and the functional dependent accuracy of hh‐TDA are examined on ΔEST of a large number of MR‐ and D‐A TADF molecules. The results indicate that hh‐TDA combined with the hybrid functional B3LYP can predict ΔEST values for a wide number of MR‐TADF molecules with mean absolute error (MAE) within 0.04 eV with correlation as high as 0.75. For D‐A TADF molecules, ΔEST is less sensitive to the nature of the functionals, with MAE as low as 0.07 eV. The larger discrepancy between ΔEST obtained from hh‐TDA‐DFT and experimental data in several oxygen‐containing MR‐TADF molecules is assumed to stem from the aggregation tendency of these compounds in solution. These findings provide important insights on the role of aggregation in reducing the ΔEST of MR‐TADF compounds.
Reliability Analysis Based on Mixture of Lindley Distributions with Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Shafiq Anum , Çolak Andaç Batur , Swarup Chetan , Sindhu Tabassum Naz , Lone Showkat Ahmad
Published: June 2022

The study of reliability analysis of mixture model is essential in confirming the quality of devices, equipment, and electronic tube flops etc. In recent years, statisticians have developed more interest in mixture model research, notably in the last decade, without taking into account the issue of modeling the metrics of reliability of mixture models using artificial neural networks. In the present study, the influence of pertinent parameters on reliability metrics is studied. The effect of components and mixing parameters for failure function, reversed hazard rate function, mean time to failure, hazard rate function, mean inactivity time, mean residual life, reliability function, Mills Ratio profiles are plotted and discussed. A multi‐layer artificial neural network is developed using the numerical analysis results obtained using four different scenarios. The values extracted from the artificial neural network and the numerical findings of the reliability studies are extensively compared and examined. The deviation rates obtained for the developed artificial neural network model are obtained at values lower than 0.12%. The outcomes demonstrate that neural networks are a powerful and effective mathematical tool that can be used in the reliability analysis of mixing models.
A Temporal PROTAC Cocktail‐Mediated Sequential Degradation of AURKA Abrogates Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells
Authors: Liu Fang , Wang Xuan , Duan Jianli , Hou Zhijie , Wu Zhouming , Liu Lingling , Lei Hanqi , Huang Dan , Ren Yifei , Wang Yue , Li Xinyan , Zhuo Junxiao , Zhang Zijian , He Bin , Yan Min , Yuan Huiming , Zhang Lihua , Yan Jinsong , Wen Shijun , Wang Zifeng , Liu Quentin
Published: June 2022

AURKA is a potential kinase target in various malignancies. The kinase‐independent oncogenic functions partially disclose the inadequate efficacy of the kinase inhibitor in a Phase III clinical trial. Simultaneously targeting the catalytic and noncatalytic functions of AURKA may be a feasible approach. Here, a set of AURKA proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are developed. The CRBN‐based dAurA383 preferentially degrades the highly abundant mitotic AURKA, while cIAP‐based dAurA450 degrades the lowly abundant interphase AURKA in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. The proteomic and transcriptomic analyses indicate that dAurA383 triggers the “mitotic cell cycle” and “stem cell” processes, while dAurA450 inhibits the “MYC/E2F targets” and “stem cell” processes. dAurA383 and dAurA450 are combined as a PROTAC cocktail. The cocktail effectively degrades AURKA, relieves the hook effect, and synergistically inhibits AML stem cells. Furthermore, the PROTAC cocktail induces AML regression in a xenograft mouse model and primary patient blasts. These findings establish the PROTAC cocktail as a promising spatial‐temporal drug administration strategy to sequentially eliminate the multifaceted functions of oncoproteins, relieve the hook effect, and prevent cancer stem cell‐mediated drug resistance.
Stacking Polymorphism in PtSe2 Drastically Affects Its Electromechanical Properties
Authors: Kempt Roman , Lukas Sebastian , Hartwig Oliver , Prechtl Maximilian , Kuc Agnieszka , Brumme Thomas , Li Sha , Neumaier Daniel , Lemme Max C. , Duesberg Georg S. , Heine Thomas
Published: June 2022

PtSe2 is one of the most promising materials for the next generation of piezoresistive sensors. However, the large‐scale synthesis of homogeneous thin films with reproducible electromechanical properties is challenging due to polycrystallinity. It is shown that stacking phases other than the 1T phase become thermodynamically available at elevated temperatures that are common during synthesis. It is shown that these phases can make up a significant fraction in a polycrystalline thin film and discuss methods to characterize them, including their Seebeck coefficients. Lastly, their gauge factors, which vary strongly and heavily impact the performance of a nanoelectromechanical device are estimated.
Single‐Metal Atoms and Ultra‐Small Clusters Manipulating Charge Carrier Migration in Polymeric Perylene Diimide for Efficient Photocatalytic Oxygen Production
Authors: Lin Zhi , Wang Yiqing , Peng Zhiming , Huang Yu‐Cheng , Meng Fanqi , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Dong Chung‐Li , Zhang Qinghua , Wang Ruizhe , Zhao Daming , Chen Jie , Gu Lin , Shen Shaohua
Published: June 2022

Limited by the retarded charge carrier migration and the sluggish four‐electron reaction kinetics, it is still a great challenge for polymeric semiconductors to achieve efficient photocatalytic water oxidation. Herein, single Co atoms and ultra‐small CoOx clusters are simultaneously introduced into polymeric perylene diimide (PDI) through a facile impregnation‐calcination two‐step method. The obtained Co‐PDI exhibits excellent photocatalytic water oxidation activity under visible‐light irradiation, with an oxygen evolution rate reaching as high as 5.53 mmol h–1 g–1 (λ > 420 nm). The apparent quantum yield for oxygen evolution is determined to be 8.17% at 450 nm, and remains 0.77% at even longer visible light wavelength of 700 nm without redundant co‐catalysts, indicating that Co‐PDI may serve as an excellent oxygen evolution photocatalyst for water splitting. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that single Co atoms act as the electron mediators connecting adjacent PDI layers to build directional channels for rapid charge transfer, while ultra‐small CoOx clusters as hole collectors and reaction sites to accelerate oxygen evolution reaction kinetics. The study presents a facile and reliable strategy to effectively activate polymeric semiconductors for efficient photocatalysis by rationally modulating atomic structures and active sites for promoted charge carrier transfer and surface reaction kinetics.
Surgical applications of ultrasound use in low‐ and middle‐income countries: A systematic review
Authors: Navarro Sergio M. , Shaikh Hashim , Abdi Hodan , Keil Evan J. , Odusanya Simisola , Stewart Kelsey A. , Tuyishime Eugene , Mazingi Dennis , Tuttle Todd M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Ultrasound is a portable technology able to deploy health care effectively in low resource settings. This study presents a systematic review to determine trends in the utility and applicability of this technology in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC), specifically for surgical applications. The review includes characterising and evaluating trends in the geographic and specialty‐specific use of ultrasound pertaining to surgical disease.

Methods

The databases such as Medline OVID, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched from 2010 through March 2019 for studies available in English, French and Spanish. Commentaries, opinion articles, reviews and book chapters were excluded. A categorical analysis of ultrasound use for surgical disease in LMICs was conducted.

Results

A total of 6276 articles were identified, with 4563 studies included for the final review. A total of 221 studies were selected researching ultrasound use in LMICs to treat surgical disease. Most studies identified ultrasound usage focused on general surgery, acute care surgery and surgical ICU topics (52%, 115) followed by computed tomography surgery studies (20%, 44). Most studies were retrospective in nature, with 81% (180) of research studies generated in four countries (India, Pakistan, Nigeria and Egypt). Ultrasound proved to be a feasible technique for utility in pre‐operative diagnosis, cost‐effectiveness and prediction of surgical outcomes. Findings are limited by the limited number of randomised clinical trials reported.

Conclusion and global health implications

Our systematic literature review of ultrasound use in LMICs demonstrates the growing utilisation of this relatively low‐cost, portable imaging technology in low resource settings for surgical disease.
Enhancing mechanical and antibacterial properties of polycaprolactone nanocomposite nanofibers using decorated clay with ZnO nanorods
Authors: Maghfoori Fatemeh , Najmoddin Najmeh , Pezeshki‐Modaress Mohamad
Published: June 2022

It is urgently necessitate to develop a construct with desirable mechanical properties and antibacterial activity for biomedical applications. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has emerged as a promising antibacterial inorganic agent for the improvement of biopolymer scaffold properties. However, its agglomeration/aggregation has an adverse effect on its performance. In the present work, clay platelets have served as a substrate for decoration of high density, well‐distributed ZnO nanorods via in‐situ synthesis. Then, polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers containing 1%, 2%, 4%, and 6% ZnO nanorods decorated on clay platelets (Clay@ ZnO) are fabricated using the electrospinning technique. The tensile strength and modulus of the PCL scaffold are significantly enhanced by increasing Clay@ ZnO content, thanks to the presence of well‐distributed ZnO rods on exfoliated clay platelets. However, the maximum elongation at break is observed for PCL/1% (Clay@ ZnO). Disc diffusion method reveals that good coverage of clay platelets with ZnO nanorods boosts the antibacterial performance of ZnO against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria strains. Moreover, incorporation of Clay@ ZnO powders into the PCL scaffold considerably enhances its antibacterial activity. Cell culturing assay demonstrates the favorable cytocompatibility of prepared nanocomposite nanofibers by promoting cell attachment and proliferation. Such engineered nanocomposite has a high potential to utilize in biomedical applications.
Outstanding temperature‐tolerant conductive polyacrylamide/sodium carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel with ultra‐stretchability and good strain sensing performance
Authors: Fan Mingshuai , He Zhiyuan , Wu Lu , Tang Ping , Bin Yuezhen
Published: June 2022

Flexible sensors based on conductive hydrogels have shown surprising potential in the field of electronic skin and human–computer interaction. However, pure water in the hydrogel will inevitably freeze at low temperature or evaporate quickly in dry environment, resulting in the failure of hydrogel as a flexible sensor. Here, inorganic ions (Li+ and Cl−) and glycerol were introduced into the polyacrylamide/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (PAM/CMCNa) composite hydrogel networks through the strategy of solvent replacement. The optimized hydrogel had a quite large elongation at break of 2000%, and a breaking strength of more than 0.14 MPa. The synergistic effect of inorganic ions and glycerol enabled the hydrogel to maintain a good flexibility in a wide temperature range of −20–45°C, which could meet the work needs of the hydrogel in high temperature or extremely cold environments. The hydrogel showed a very wide working range of 1000%, a fast response time of 150 ms, and a high stability and repeatability of 500 cycles during strain sensing detection. Besides, the hydrogel could capture the large and subtle body movements accurately and stably. Therefore, this hydrogel may be applied as in wearable sensing devices used in extreme environments.
Zwitterion grafted forward osmosis membranes with superwetting property via atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Yao Xuesong , Guan Kecheng , Sasaki Yuji , Shintani Takuji , Nakagawa Keizo , Matsuyama Hideto
Published: June 2022

A superwetting forward osmosis membrane was prepared by grafting a zwitterion (2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, MPC) onto the polyamide membrane layer via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to enhance antifouling property. The modification of the hydrophilic layer was confirmed by the characterization including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle goniometer. Moreover, membrane antifouling performance was evaluated by dynamic membrane fouling test using bovine‐serum‐albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA). The grafted membranes not only showed high fouling resistance after being exposed to up to 500 ppm SA for 10 h, but also demonstrated excellent water flux recovery with the presence of up to 1000 ppm BSA, which was significantly improved as compared to the unmodified membrane. Robust hydration layer formed by the grafted zwitterion polymer could act as a physical and energy barrier preventing attachment of organic foulants on the membrane surface, thus significantly improving membrane fouling resistance.
Preparation and thermal properties of a novel DOPO‐based Schiff base derivative as a flame retardant for polystyrene
Authors: Gao Zhenhao , Xie Juan , Huang Hong , Miao Zhiwei
Published: June 2022

We synthesized an acrylic acid 4‐[(10‐oxo‐10H‐9‐oxa‐10λ5‐phospaphenanthren‐10‐yl)‐phenylamino‐methyl]‐phenyl ester (DOPO‐AC), a novel Schiff base derivative based on 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide, and evaluated its utility as a flame retardant for polystyrene (PS). The synthesized DOPO‐AC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The reactive vinyl groups of DOPO‐AC further copolymerized with styrene to produce PS/DOPO‐AC. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that DOPO‐AC could clearly improve the char residue formation. By comparing the data of T5% and T10%, it was found that the thermal stability of the PS/DOPO‐AC copolymer was reduced. We investigated the influence of DOPO‐AC on the flame retardancy of PS by determining limiting oxygen indexes, conducting vertical burning tests (UL‐94), and carrying out thermogravimetry combined with differential thermal analysis. These results revealed that PS containing 5 wt% DOPO‐AC had a UL‐94V‐0 rating and a limiting oxygen index of 29.6%. Residues of PS/DOPO‐AC copolymer after the UL‐94V tests were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy; and the results allowed us to propose a flame retardant mechanism for PS/DOPO‐AC copolymer. Taken together, our results prove that DOPO‐AC is an effective flame retardant for PS.
2,2‐Bistrifluoromethyl‐4,5‐difluoro‐1,3‐dioxole‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene copolymers with different compositions: Synthesis, chain and condensed matter structures and optical properties
Authors: Yu Dayang , Mao Guoliang , Wang Wenshuo , Cai Huaixun , Wang Shuhua , Pan Pengju , Bao Yongzhong
Published: June 2022

Synthesis of 2,2‐bistrifluoromethyl‐4,5‐difluoro‐1,3‐dioxole‐co‐tetrafluoroethylene (PDD‐TFE) copolymers with precise chemical structures and understanding effects of the structures on properties are essential for their application. Herein, PDD‐TFE copolymers with different average compositions and narrow composition distributions (NCDs) were synthesized and applied to study the influences of chemical structures on condensed matter structures and optical properties of copolymers. The average length of (PTFE)n sequences were decreased from 7.62 to 1.63, and percentage of TFE in long (PTFE)n sequences (n > 5) decreased from approximately 50% to less than 1%, as PDD molar fraction in the copolymer (FPDD) increased from 13.24% to 52.22%. Consequently, the copolymer with FPDD = 13.24% was semi‐crystalline with a crystallinity degree of 11.57% (determined by WAXD), while the copolymer with FPDD = 52.22% was completely amorphous. The steric energies, glass transition temperatures and transparency of PDD‐TFE copolymers were increased as more cyclic and non‐coplanar structure PDD monomer was incorporated into the copolymers. Refractive indexes of PDD‐TFE copolymers were low and linearly decreased with the increase of FPDD. PDD‐TFE copolymers with high transparencies, low refractive indexes and other excellent properties can be successfully used in the optical fibers and semiconductor fields.
Improving the hydrophobicity/oleophobicity of polyethylene terephthalate fibrous materials using electron beam‐induced graft polymerization with 2‐(perfluorohexyl)ethyl acrylate monomer and alkyl acrylate monomer
Authors: Shohbuke Eriko , Kobayashi Yasuyuki , Okubayashi Satoko
Published: June 2022

Better hydrophobic/oleophobic properties and durability were added to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics using graft polymerization induced by pre‐ and simultaneous electron beam (EB) irradiation. 2‐(Perfluorohexyl) ethyl acrylate (FEA), butyl acrylate (BA(C4)), dodecyl acrylate (DA(C12)), and stearyl acrylate (SA(C18)) with different alkyl chain lengths were used as vinyl monomers that can react with the radicals generated by EB irradiation. For the pre‐irradiation method, the changes in weight gain were negligible. While irradiating the monomer solution and the PET fabric simultaneously, a weight gain of approximately 3%–5% was observed. Contact angle measurements confirmed, hydrophobicity/oleophobicity in the PET fabric graft polymerized with FEA and SA(C18) monomers using the simultaneous irradiation method. The addition of the alkyl acrylate monomer increased the dodecane contact angle in the order of FEA < FEA/BA(C4) < FEA/DA(C12) < FEA/SA(C18). XPS analysis showed that the surface fluorine concentrations of PET fabrics with FEA and FEA/SA(C18) monomers were 18.3% and 38.9%, respectively. The contact angle and surface fluorine concentration after rubbing decreased, but the change was small when SA(C18) monomer was added to the FEA monomer. These results indicate that the hydrophobic/oleophobic properties and durability can be improved by EB graft polymerization in combination with FEA and SA(C18) monomers.
The social unconscious: Then and now
Authors: Dajani Karim G.
Published: June 2022

This is a brief introductory paper about the history and centrality of the social unconscious in psychoanalytic theory and practice. The term―Social Unconscious―was introduced into our literature more than 100 years ago by the first formally trained American psychoanalyst―Trigant Burrow. It opens new pathways for understanding the social and collective dimensions of the unconscious, allowing us to extend our reach with our patients and our relevance with fellow citizens. Despite its potential, the social unconscious and the theories that undergird it were denigrated by Freud. In the early 1930’s, Freud instructed the American Psychoanalytic Association to remove Trigant Burrow from its membership and to excise this scholarship from its curricula. Coordinated attempts to suppress these ideas harmed the field’s development and retarded its relevance. Understanding the social dimensions of the unconscious is necessary because the unconscious is largely structured by social, cultural and collective coordinates. Fortunately, the turn into the 21st century is seeing a proliferation in analytic scholarship regarding the centrality of the socio‐cultural in structuring the unconscious of individuals and groups. New terms are being introduced such as vinculo, normative unconscious, interpellation, semiotic code, and ego‐habitus that aim to elaborate the various ways culture, ideology, large‐groups, and geopolitical processes shape the unconscious. Their potential to deepen our contact with patients across the spectrum of human difference is immense. I suggest using the capacious term―social unconscious―as a core conceptual category that organizes this vein of expanding analytic scholarship.
Expression profiles of an inactive aspartic protease (Bla g 2 allergen) in different tissues and developmental stages of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica)
Authors: Rodriques Aaron R. , Myers Aaron J. , Scharf Michael E. , Aryal Uma K. , Bennett Gary W. , Gondhalekar Ameya D.
Published: June 2022

Tergal glands are found in many insect species and contain constituents such as pheromones, sugars, proteins, and so forth. Preliminary studies have revealed that tergal gland secretions in the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) contain the human allergen Bla g 2 (B. germanica allergen 2), an inactive aspartic protease. Although Bla g 2 protein expression has been detected previously in various German cockroach body parts, including male tergal glands, studies that link protein expression in various life stages and tissues with mRNA and protein abundance have not been conducted. Therefore, the goal of this study was to measure the relative abundances of Bla g 2 protein and mRNA in different tissues and life stages of B. germanica using immunoblotting, quantitative PCR, and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)‐based quantitative profiling. We found that Bla g 2 protein was detected in every sampled tissue, including the male tergal glands. Protein abundance was relatively high in adult males and their tergal glands in comparison to nymphs and virgin females. Similarly, Bla g 2 mRNA transcript levels were also comparatively higher in male tergal glands and adult males. In conclusion, this study provides new information on the relative abundance and distribution of Bla g 2 allergen, a medically significant protein, in different tissues and developmental stages of the German cockroach and lays the foundation for future studies that aim to determine the function of this protein in B. germanica development.
Early predictors of language skills at 3 years of age vary based on diagnostic outcome: A baby siblings research consortium study
Authors: Pecukonis Meredith , Young Gregory S. , Brian Jessica , Charman Tony , Chawarska Katarzyna , Elsabbagh Mayada , Iverson Jana M. , Jeste Shafali , Landa Rebecca , Messinger Daniel S. , Schwichtenberg A. J. , Webb Sara Jane , Zwaigenbaum Lonnie , Tager‐Flusberg Helen
Published: June 2022

While previous work has identified the early predictors of language skills in infants at elevated familial risk (ER) and low familial risk (LR) for autism spectrum disorder (ASD), no studies to date have explored whether these predictors vary based on diagnostic outcome of ASD or no ASD. The present study used a large, multisite dataset to examine associations between a set of commonly studied predictor variables (infant gesture abilities, fine motor skills, nonverbal cognition, and maternal education level), measured at 12 months, and language skills, measured at 3 years, across three diagnostic outcome groups–infants with ASD (“ASD”), ER infants without ASD (“ER‐no ASD”), and LR infants without ASD (“LR‐no ASD”). Findings revealed that the predictors of language skills differed across groups, as gesture abilities were positively associated with language skills in the ER‐no ASD group but negatively associated with language skills in the ASD group. Furthermore, maternal education level was positively associated with language skills in the ASD and LR‐no ASD groups only. Variability in these early predictors may help explain why language skills are heterogeneous across the autism spectrum, and, with further study, may help clinicians identify those in need of additional and/or specialized intervention services that support language development.

Lay Summary

The present study identified predictors of language skills in infants with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Maternal education level and 12‐month gesture abilities predicted 3‐year language skills in infants with ASD. Measuring these predictors early in life may help identify infants and families in need of additional and/or specialized intervention services that support language development.
coLLab – Low‐Tech trifft Innovation bei einer Aufstockung und Sanierung mit einer OPV‐Fassade
Authors: Stave Jonas Lucius , Cremers Jan , Herb Svenja , Claus Luisa , Gronau Annabell , Bleicher Volkmar
Published: June 2022

Im Rahmen des SDE 21/22 entwickelt das interdisziplinäre Team „coLLab” der Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart (HFT) ein ganzheitliches und übertragbares Konzept für die Aufstockung und Sanierung eines Bestandsgebäudes auf dem Campus der Hochschule in der Stadtmitte von Stuttgart. Dabei handelt es sich um einen für die Nachkriegszeit typischen Stahlbeton‐Skelettbau mit Verwaltungsnutzung aus den 1950er Jahren. Im Sinne hoher Übertragbarkeit und einer möglichst günstigen Gesamt‐Ökobilanz kommt eine leichte Holzkonstruktion zum Einsatz. Für den Wettbewerbsbeitrag werden außerdem Low‐Tech Konzepte mit innovativen Technologien und Methoden kombiniert. Dies wird insbesondere an der Fassade des Entwurfs durch den Einsatz von organischen Photovoltaikzellen (OPV) und einem Solarkamin sichtbar, auf deren Integration und Funktionsweise in diesem Bericht eingegangen wird.
Green innovation and SO2 emissions: Dynamic threshold effect of human capital
Authors: Luo Yusen , Wang Qinglin , Long Xingle , Yan Zheming , Salman Muhammad , Wu Chao
Published: June 2022

Green innovation is an effective path to decrease environmental pollutions. It is of immense interest to evaluate the roles of green innovation on SO2 emissions reduction. We also investigate the static and dynamic threshold effect of human capital in the impacting paths of different innovations on SO2 emissions. The empirical results show that the design patent increases SO2 emissions while the development of utility patent can decrease SO2 emissions based on the static analysis and dynamic analysis. Both the “pollution halo” and the “pollution heaven” hypotheses of foreign direct investment (FDI) are validated in China. Moreover, green innovation positively affects SO2 emission reduction based on the System Generalized Method of Moment (SYS‐GMM) estimation. Both static and dynamic panel threshold regression results reveal that the positive effects of different innovations will become larger when human capital exceeds the corresponding threshold values. Hence, it is important to enhance green human capital.
Restorative justice: An opportunity for non‐exclusionary discipline
Authors: Walters Anne
Published: June 2022

Recently I worked with a seventh‐grade boy with a mood disorder and features of a neurodevelopmental disorder. He had been admitted several times to partial hospital, and usually responded well to treatment. This time he had been on our wait list for several months — too long and too frequently the case during this time of burgeoning need and inadequate resources.
Stabilized multifunctional phase change materials based on carbonized Cu‐coated melamine foam/reduced graphene oxide framework for multiple energy conversion and storage
Authors: Hu Zhicong , Zou Yongjin , Xiang Cuili , Sun Lixian , Xu Fen , Jiang Menghe , Yu Sensen
Published: June 2022

The leakage of organic phase change materials (OPCMs) at temperatures above their melting point severely limits their large‐scale application. The introduction of porous supports has been identified as an efficient leakage‐proofing method. In this study, a novel carbonized Cu‐coated melamine foam (MF)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) framework (MF/rGO/Cu‐C) is constructed as a support for fabricating stabilized multifunctional OPCMs. MF serves as the supporting material, while rGO and Cu act as functional reinforcements. As a thermal energy storage material, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is encapsulated into MF/rGO/Cu‐C through a vacuum‐assisted impregnation method to obtain PEG@MF/rGO/Cu‐C composite with excellent comprehensive performance. PEG@MF/rGO/Cu‐C exhibits high phase change enthalpies of 148.3 J g−1 (melting) and 143.9 J g−1 (crystallization), corresponding to a high energy storage capability of 92.7%. Simultaneously, MF/rGO/Cu‐C endues the composite with an enhanced thermal conductivity of 0.4621 W m−1 K−1, which increases by 463% compared to that of PEG@MF. Furthermore, PEG@MF/rGO/Cu‐C displays great light‐to‐thermal and electric‐to‐thermal conversion capabilities, thermal cycle stability, light‐to‐thermal cycle stability, and shape stability, showing promising application prospects in different aspects.
Recyclable Mn(I) Catalysts for Base‐Free Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Mechanistic, DFT and Catalytic Studies
Authors: Jayaprakash Harikrishnan , Coburger Peter , Wörle Michael , Togni Antonio , Grützmacher Hansjorg
Published: June 2022

We report here a mechanistic, DFT and catalytic study on a series of Mn(I) complexes 1, 2(a–d), 3, 4. The studies apprehended the requirements for Mn(I) complexes to be active in both asymmetric direct (AH) and transfer hydrogenations (ATH). The investigations disclosed 6 vital factors accelerating the formation of a resting species, which plays a significant role in lowering the activities of the Mn(I) complex 1 in ATH and AH, respectively. In addition, we also report here a base free Mn(I) catalyzed ATH of aryl alkyl ketones with high enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee) and improved activity. More significantly, a novel and simple single‐step process for recycling the resting species from the catalytic leftover has been discovered. Notably, the studies provide evidence for the existence of two different temperature dependent mechanisms for AH and ATH, in contrast to previous studies on related systems.