bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of erythrocyte and reticulocyte indices in a newborn with severe hemolytic disease
Authors: Artiushevskaya M. V. , Klimkovich N. N. , Sukhareva A. P. , Kozarezova A. M. , Pechinskaya Ya. V. , Rusak A. A.
Published: May 2024

Currently, significant progress has been made in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. However, the development of anemia in a newborn child due to this disease remains an urgent problem for both neonatologists and pediatricians. In such children, a comprehensive assessment of the hemogram is of particular importance. The study of erythrocyte and reticulocyte parameters of a general blood test is necessary to determine prognostic criteria for the restoration of hematopoiesis and determine the status of iron deficiency. A clinical observation of a newborn child with the development of anemia due to hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn is presented (clinical case). A dynamic analysis of reticulocyte parameters (absolute and relative numbers) and reticulocyte fractions was carried out. An increase in reticulocytes (absolute and relative numbers) was established, mainly due to the fraction of immature reticulocytes during the development of anemia in a newborn child. Such indicators as the hemoglobin content in reticulocytes, the average hemoglobin content in an erythrocyte, the average hemoglobin concentration in an erythrocyte in a general blood test in an infant during the neonatal period remained within the reference values. The data obtained made it possible to determine a personalized approach to the treatment of anemia and avoid blood transfusion in this child.
Apert syndrome: modern aspects of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Kantutis S. S. , Sarkisyan E. A. , Shumilov P. V. , Vorona L. D. , Pravoslavnaya O. V. , Levchenko L. A. , Shabelnikova E. I. , Sokolova M. A. , Krapivkin A. I.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this review is to raise awareness of medical professionals about the features of the clinical picture, the possibilities of diagnosis (including prenatal) and therapy of patients with Apert syndrome to further improve the prognosis and improve the quality of life. Acrocephalosyndactyly is a group of rare congenital syndromes characterized by the presence of acrocephaly, craniofacial anomalies, syndactyly of the hands and feet. According to the literature, the most common form of аcrocephalosyndactyly is Apert syndrome (acrocephalosyndactyly type I, Apert syndrome, ICD 10 Q 87.0, OMIM 101200). This is a genetic disease inherited by an autosomal dominant type. CA is caused by a mutation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor type 2 gene (FGFR2) located on the long arm of chromosome 10, which leads to increased bone metabolism and impaired bone synthesis. The frequency of Apert syndrome is about 15 cases per 1,000,000 live births. Wheaton first reported this pathology in 1894, and in 1906 the French pediatrician Eugene Apert published a series of nine clinical cases with a characteristic triad of symptoms. Apert syndrome is characterized by craniosynostosis, bilateral symmetrical limb syndactyly and dysmorphic facial features. Hypoplasia of the upper jaw and bicoronal synostosis are two noticeable craniofacial defects that lead to a flat, deepened appearance of the forehead and the middle part of the face. Hypertelorism and excessive orbitality, low-set ears, flat nose and cleft palate are often found. Cardiovascular, neurological and genitourinary abnormalities may be present. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and molecular genetic testing. There is a possibility of prenatal detection of Apert syndrome.
Modern concepts about cyclic vomiting syndrome in children
Authors: Varisova A. Kh. , Svirava A. M. , Dudnikova E. V. , Badyan A. S. , Besedina E. A. , Chernova M. S.
Published: May 2024

Despite the relatively low prevalence in the world and in Russia, in particular, of such a pathology as cyclic vomiting syndrome, the relevance of the problem is due to the lack of research and sufficient information about the etiology, pathogenesis, and most importantly about methods of treatment and prevention of the disease. This syndrome is typical for children aged 3 to 7 years and is manifested by repeated stereotypical episodes of vomiting, alternating with periods of complete well-being. Cyclic vomiting syndrome worsens the child’s quality of life and seriously affects their further development and socialization. The article provides an overview of scientific research on cyclic vomiting syndrome in children.
Clinico-morphological phenotype and genotype of multicystic kidney dysplasia in children
Authors: Andreeva E. F. , Savenkova N. D.
Published: May 2024

At this review of literature presents data on the clinico-morphological phenotype and genotype of multicystic kidney dysplasia: unilateral (ORPHA:97363) and bilateral (ORPHA:97364). The published results of molecular genetic studies, which identified mutations of the genes PAX2, HNF1b, LHX1, CDC5L, USF2, UPK3A, NPHP3, TP63, SALL1, SOX9, CHD7, TFAP2A, responsible for the development of non-functioning unilateral or bilateral, isolate or syndromal multicystic kidney dysplasia, have been discussed. According to the literature, the features of the evolution of multicystic kidney, compensatory hypertrophy and the function of the contralateral kidney are presented.
Formation of cognitive processes in children with autism. Part II. Genetic mechanisms
Authors: Glotov O. S. , Chernov A. N. , Suchko P. A. , Eismont Yu. A. , Mayorova L. A.
Published: May 2024

Autism and autism spectrum disorders are neuropsychiatric diseases that begin to appear in children under 3 years. Over the past decade, the number of children with autism spectrum disorders has increased more than in 10-fold and continues to grow, accounting for 1–2% of the world’s population. Currently, the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders is based only on clinical and behavioral tests, and there are no biological and genetic markers that could contribute to the early detection of this disorder. The review, based on the analysis of modern literature data about symptoms, genetic etiological factors that associated with autism, examines the possibility of using genes as diagnostic biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorders. Analysis of literature data shows that disorders of attention, speed of information processing, working memory, learning are based on genetic (mutations, SNPs) and epigenetic (methylation) changes in the expression of many genes: BDNF, CAPS2, CNTNAP2, GABRB3, FMR1, FOXP1, GTF2I, HSD11B2, MECP2, NF2, NGF, NR3C1, OXTR, PAK2, RELN, SLC6A4, UBE3A, etc. Some of these genes (RELN) are associated with ASD severity.
Fundamentals of rational antibiotic therapy in outpatient pediatrics
Authors: Guzikova A. V. , Meshkov V. S. , Islamgulov A. Kh. , Viktorova S. A. , Savieva A. S. , Geibullaeva A. Z. , Agabekov V. Yu. , Valeeva L. A. , Bazylova A. V. , Sagitova D. I. , Nasipov M. U. , Neganova A. A. , Saigafarova L. D.
Published: May 2024

Antibiotics are one of the most prescribed groups of drugs in outpatient pediatric practice. To date, there are still disagreements about the need for the use of antibiotics and the optimal dosage regimen for many infections that pediatricians face daily. The authors conducted a search for publications in the PubMed, Google Scholar and eLibrary by the following keywords: «pediatric,» «antibiotics,» «antibiotic resistance,» «outpatient pediatrics» in English, and «педиатрия,» «антибиотики,» «антибиотикорезистентность,» «амбулаторная педиатрия» in Russian. Recent studies show that uncomplicated childhood infectious diseases in vaccinated children can be treated with shorter courses of antibiotics. The rational use of antibiotics in outpatient pediatric practice is of great importance for reducing resistance to them. Since the first step in choosing treatment tactics is to establish the etiology of the disease, future research should focus more on identifying potential biomarkers and diagnostic tests that allow rapid diagnosis of the etiology of an infectious disease, as well as optimizing the dosage and duration of antibiotic therapy courses.
COVID-19 and the flu: clinical and immunological features in children
Authors: Mazankova L. N. , Kalyuzhin O. V. , Dracheva N. A. , Klimova O. I. , Samitova E. R.
Published: May 2024

In conditions of co-circulation of COVID-19 pathogens and other acute respiratory infections, the risk of simultaneous infection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens, in particular influenza viruses, increases. Previously published data on the mutual influence of such combined infectious processes are very contradictory.Purpose. To determine the clinical and immunological features of the combined course of COVID-19 and influenza in children.Material and methods. Among 3,983 hospitalized children with COVID-19, 48 patients (1.2%) co-infected with influenza A and B viruses were identified by PCR. 31 children with a combination of COVID-19/Influenza were subjected to in-depth examination. The comparison group consisted of 30 children with SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. In addition to standard physical, instrumental and laboratory studies, serum levels of IgM and IgG to SARS-CoV-2 S protein were determined in patients of the compared groups using ELISA.Results. In children with a combination of influenza and infection caused by both delta and omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, acute bronchitis was more common, regardless of age, compared with patients with SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection. Co-infection with the influenza virus did not change the incidence of pneumonia in patients with omicron-SARS-CoV-2 infection, and in patients with delta-SARS-CoV-2 infection it decreased it. In co-infected children, the severity of intoxication syndrome and the level of D-dimer in the blood were higher. In addition, patients with a combination of COVID-19 and influenza showed lower concentrations of IgM and IgG to S-protein in comparison with patients with SARS-CoV-2 monoinfection.Conclusion. Co-infection with influenza viruses alters the clinical course of COVID-19, while the nature and vector of changes depend on the SARS-CoV-2 gene variant. A decrease in the severity of the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in co-infected children was found.
THE EFFECT OF HYPNOPARENTING AS AN EFFORT TO IMPROVE THE APPETITE OF PRESCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN WITH PICKY EATER
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Hafiza Merizka , Ariani Ariani , Rahayu Indriati
Published: May 2024

Picky eater is a child eating problem that is often complained of by parents which causes a low appetite at mealtimes, usually occurring in preschool-aged 3-5 years. Picky eaters accompanied by a decrease in appetite if left unchecked for a long time can cause children to lack nutritional intake which results in a low nutritional status of children. Parents' efforts are needed to fix children's eating problems, which is hypnoparenting. Hypnoparenting is applied as coaching children with the principle of hypnosis through suggestions given by parents to the child's subconscious mind. To determine the effect of hypnoparenting as an effort to improve the appetite of preschoolers with picky eaters. The research design uses pre-experimental with one group pretest posttest. The research respondents were 26 children aged 3-5 years. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire and picky eater questionnaires) which were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Obtained from the results of the Wilcoxon analysis test, the significance value of appetite was p value 0.005 ≤ 0.05 and the picky eater's significance value was p value 0.000 ≤ 0.05, then Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected which means there is an influence of hypnoparenting as an effort to improve the appetite of preschool-aged children with picky eaters. 26 preschool-aged children (100%) have poor appetites with picky eaters before hypnoparenting, and 19 preschool-aged children (73.1%) have good appetites without being picky eaters so there are an influence on the appetite of preschool-aged children before and after hypnoparenting.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREVENTIVE BEHAVIOUR AND THE NUMBER OF COVID-19 CASES IN DKI JAKARTA (CASE STUDY OF KEYWORD SEARCH USING GOOGLE TRENDS)
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Samudra Mochamad , Zuhriyah Lilik , Rakhmani Alidha
Published: May 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has infected a large number of countries in the world, especially Indonesia. One of the most affected provinces in Indonesia is DKI Jakarta. The Indonesian government responded to the COVID-19 pandemic by issuing various policies related to preventive behavior to reduce the addition of COVID-19 cases. Purpose: This study aims to find out how the search for keywords related to COVID-19 prevention behavior via Google Trends relates to the number of COVID-19 cases in DKI Jakarta. Method: Using an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional approach that utilizes Google Trends as a data collection tool. Data related to searches for the prevention of COVID-19 and the number of cases of COVID-19 in DKI Jakarta were collected from 15 March 2020 to 3 January 2021. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Spearman correlation test. Results and Discussion: The results obtained from this study are that there is a significant inverse relationship between the three variables "COVID-19, masks, and hand washing". The testing time and small than α (0.050). Conclusion: This study concludes that any increase in search volume for the prevention keyword will have a significant effect on reducing the number of positive cases of COVID-19 and vice versa.
Mapping the growth and trends of knowledge management in health organizations: A bibliometric exploration
Authors:   Faculty of Economics, Commerce and Management Sciences, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria, Yahiaoui Fethia , Chergui Khalil ,   Faculty of Economics, Commerce and Management Sciences, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria, Aichouche Riad ,   Faculty of Economics, Commerce and Management Sciences, University of Oum El Bouaghi, Oum El Bouaghi, Algeria
Published: May 2024

This study performs a detailed bibliometric analysis of 168 research papers on knowledge management (KM) in healthcare from the Scopus database, spanning from 1996 to 2023. Utilizing tools like RStudio with the Biblioshiny package, VOSviewer, and KnowledgeMatrix Plus, the analysis reveals a notable increase in publications over the last ten years. The United Kingdom emerges as the top publisher, followed by the United States and Malaysia. Major themes identified include knowledge, KM, and KM systems, especially focusing on significant papers concerning KM systems in healthcare. This thorough analysis offers important insights into the current trends in KM research within healthcare settings, emphasizing key topics, influential works, leading publishing countries, and collaboration patterns. It's suggested that the analysis could improve by directly comparing these findings with existing research and discussing the strengths and limitations in comparison to other studies. Nevertheless, the results offer practical advice for writers, researchers, and practitioners for identifying gaps in research and creating effective KM strategies in healthcare. This paper adds to the existing knowledge base in the field and lays the groundwork for future research and practical implementation of KM strategies in healthcare.
The Impact of Wellbeing Interventions on the Anxiety Levels of Children Attending Low-Income Schools: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: O'Halloran Tracy , Symonds Jennifer , Bhreathnach Linda
Published: May 2024

This systematic review examined the impact of wellbeing interventions on the anxiety levels of children attending low-income schools. Studies, published between January 2000 and April 2022, were included if they had samples of school aged children attending low-income schools who were given a universal school-based wellbeing intervention. Ten databases were searched systematically to identify 542 records. After title and abstract screening, 43 records remained for full text screening, and of these studies, 10 met inclusion criteria. Quantitative data were extracted and were analysed narratively. The review found that in 50% of studies, wellbeing interventions were effective for reducing anxiety and that the impacts were maintained longer-term. The effects were stronger for girls when measured using self-report and were stronger for boys when measured using parental report.
Assessing the Knowledge Base and Impact of training on Minimal Access Surgery among Healthcare Providers in a poor resource setting . (Preprint)
Authors: Sunday Jr Nneka
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Minimal access surgery (MAS )skills are unique and different from those of traditional ‘open’ surgery. Surgeons need to effectively acquire and update their surgical skills and procedures in minimal access surgery (MAS) via comprehensive courses in MAS, conferences, workshops, live surgeries and symposia. However, the impact of these comprehensive courses in both basic and advanced minimal access surgeries on health care workers, surgeons’ knowledge, skills, and practice has not been clearly established.

OBJECTIVE

To determine the impact of a three day MAS workshop on the knowledge base of health care workers

METHODS

This was an analytical single arm prospective cohort study design. A total of 54 health-care workers ( HCW) from Obstetrics/gynecology and Surgery departments in different regions of the country participated in the three day workshop of which 37 were doctors and 17 were nurses. The workshop consisted of lectures, videos, and live surgeries. We completed a survey of all participants who attended the 3-day workshop on basic minimal access surgery (MAS) held in Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. Our survey method included a pre-workshop set of 20-item self-reporting questions on the socio-demography, professional demography, previous training experience and knowledge of basic minimal access surgery principles were answered prior to commencement of the training and after the training. Scores before and after the training were compared and the results analyzed Using chi square for categorical values and T test for continuous variables. P-value <0.05 was set as level of significance.

RESULTS

Of all the 54 workshop attendees, we received 22 responses (response rate 40.7%). Ten males and 12 females responded. Ten of the respondents were surgeons: 6 resident doctors and 4 consultants, while 12 were nurses. The result of our study showed that mean post-workshop [p≤ 0.001] survey score was significantly higher than pre-workshop survey mean score. As a result of participating in the workshop, respondents perceived a substantial improvement in their basic minimal access surgery knowledge. Each professional knowledge assessment of the respondent also showed a significant post-workshop mean score [p≤0.002 & 0.001] respectively when compared with the pre-workshop score.

CONCLUSIONS

Workshop in MAS has an appreciable and a significant impact in the knowledge base of HCW.

CLINICALTRIAL

NONE
Characteristics of the course of multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19 in children according to the observations of the Kyiv City Children’s Clinical Hospital 2
Authors: Buts O.R. , Korbut O.V. , Yukhymenko H.H. , Dmytryieva O.A. , Seryakova I.Y. , Shcherbakova L.S.
Published: May 2024

Background. In the context of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a significant number of cases resembling Kawasaki disease in children have been reported worldwide and eventually termed “multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with SARS-CoV-2”. Objective: to compare the clinical presentation, laboratory fin­dings, and instrumental examination data in children with Kawasaki-like MIS-C phenotype and MIS-C with a shock phenotype with cases, which met the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the disease histories in 20 children aged 2.5 to 16 years with a Kawasaki-like MIS-C phenotype and with MIS-C with a shock phenotype associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were hospitalized in the MNPE “Kyiv City Children’s Clinical Hospital 2” in 2002–2021. Results. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to symptoms and pathological conditions. Group I included children with clinical signs similar to the Kawasaki disease (n = 8). They were classified as those with Kawasaki-like MIS-C phenotype. Complications such as coronary artery dilatations and aneurysms occurred only in this group. Group II consisted of patients (n = 12) who were classified as those with MIS-C with a shock phenotype. Children in this group had a higher number of involved organ systems, were more likely to have shock, pleuritis, peritonitis, and a higher prevalence of abdominal pain. Furthermore, they exhibited elevated levels of leukocytes and neutrophils (p = 0.043; p = 0.047), along with a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.05), compared to the patients with Kawasaki-like phenotype. Conclusions. Our results suggest that multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 in children is characterized by a wide range of clinical, laboratory and instrumental signs. Moreover, our findings highlight that children with features that correspond to MIS-C with a shock phenotype tend to have a more severe course of the disease and a higher rate of complications.
Bioelectric phase angle and its relationship with indicators of body composition in children
Authors: Palamarchuk O.S. , Horlenko O.M. , Slyvka Ya.I. , Rishko O.A. , Derbak M.A.
Published: May 2024

Background. The issue of sarcopenia is becoming increasingly relevant for children, yet its relationship with phase angle (PA) of bioimpedance analysis remains incompletely understood. Objective: to investigate the relationship between phase angle and body composition in children aged 8 to 14 years. Materials and methods. Data from bioimpedance analysis, correlation, and regression analysis were utilized. Results. During the study, it was found that in girls, PA correlates with body fat (BF) and skeletal muscle (SM and sarcopenic index (SI)) content, with correlation coefficients of 0.36, 0.43, and 0.34, respectively. Additionally, regression analysis showed that SI plays a significant role in determining PA in girls, explaining 18.18 % of the variance. In boys, a positive correlation between PA and SI was also observed, with a correlation coefficient of 0.63, and SI played a key role in determining PA, explaining 40.39 % of the variance. It was also found that SM content has a weaker but statistically significant impact on PA in both genders, explaining 14.70 % of the variance in girls and 7.17 % in boys. Total body mass also showed a weak but statistically significant correlation with PA in girls and boys. Further analysis revealed that the relationship between PA and body composition was significant, particularly in the H-L plane, where PA was more dependent on skeletal muscle content, indicating the importance of considering this parameter when assessing the physiological status of children’s bodies. Conclusions. The results of this study underscore the importance of phase angle as a marker for assessing body composition in children. The identified positive association between PA and body composition suggests a potential usefulness of PA in determining sarcopenia and musculoskeletal health. For further clinical use of PA in clinical practice, standardization of measurement methodo­logy and creation of reference databases are necessary
Features of diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease in young children. A clinical case of Kawasaki disease with the formation of giant coronary artery aneurysms
Authors: Malska A.A. , Kurilyak O.B. , Nakonechna L.M. , Klymyshyn Y.I. , Stogova O.V. , Raad Tammo , Rudenko N.M.
Published: May 2024

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a mucocutaneous lymphonodular syndrome, a vasculitis of unknown etiology that mainly affects children under the age of 5 years. Today, KD is the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. Given the absence of pathognomonic diagnosis of the disease, the diagnosis is based solely on the identification of clinical signs and the exclusion of other clinically similar diseases. Timely therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin has significantly reduced the incidence of complications, such as coronary artery aneurysms, from 25 to ≈ 4 %. The long-term prognosis of the disease depends on the initial and current level of coronary artery damage. Patients with coronary artery aneurysms remain at high risk of developing myocardial ischaemia due to thrombosis and stenosis of the coronary arteries, which can occur in case of untimely treatment for KD. Therefore, the life of these patients depends on lifelong thromboprophylaxis and timely diagnosis of stenosis. The article presents a clinical case of incomplete Kawasaki disease, which was complica­ted by the development of giant coronary artery aneurysms.
The Study of the Correlation between EFL University Students’ L2WTC in English Class and Achievement Attribution
Authors: Han Xiaolin
Published: May 2024

This study attempts to investigate the status quo of Chinese English-as-foreign-language (EFL) university students’ willingness to communicate in a second language (L2WTC), i.e., in English, in class, and how these students with different levels of L2WTC differ in their achievement attributions. With a mixed-method approach, the study reveals that Chinese EFL university students exhibit a moderate level of L2WTC in English class, with girls demonstrating higher levels of L2WTC compared to their male counterparts. Furthermore, the greatest statistically significant differences are observed in three achievement attributions—namely effort, strategy, and teacher’s instruction—between students with high-level and low-level L2WTC. Notably, the achievement attribution of effort is proved to be positively related to L2WTC with the highest coefficient, while a negative path exists between the achievement attribution of language gift and L2WTC. Drawing from the findings, the pedagogical implication concerning reattribution training is provided.
A CASE REPORT ON STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA
Authors: SHARMA VIJETA , SARASWAT SATENDRA , SHARMA VIJAYLAXMI , CHAUHAN PREETI
Published: May 2024

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is stated as the Gram-negative bacterium that is often resistant to multiple antibiotics. It is among the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes and hypertension. In this case, the patient’s pneumonia did not respond to empiric antibiotic treatment with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. However, his symptoms resolved after treatment with levofloxacin. This case report highlights the importance of considering S. maltophilia in the differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in patients with underlying medical conditions. Sputum culture with an antibiogram is essential for making the diagnosis and selecting appropriate antibiotic treatment.
EVALUATION OF COMPARATIVE IN VITRO FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING POTENTIAL OF BARK EXTRACTS OF ACACIA CATECHU
Authors: TIWARI ARCHANA , TIWARI AVINASH
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study was aimed at investigating the comparative 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging potential of different bark extracts of Acacia catechu. The assessment was conducted following concentration-dependent and seasonal-dependent impacts of the same using samples collected in different seasons over 2 successive years.
Methods: In this, six extracts using ethanol, methanol, aqueous, acetone, chloroform, and benzene solvents were prepared. For the in vitro study, a standard DPPH solution (0.15 mM) was used to check how well the test samples got rid of free radicals. The major biochemical components of test plants, such as quercetin, gallic acid, and catechin, were used as standard drugs.
Results: Among all test drug concentrations, 31.5–500 μg/mL drug concentrations were observed to be effective, whereas 15.25, 750, and 1000 μg/mL concentrations exerted negligible scavenging effects, and 125 μg/mL concentrations were found to be most effective (p<0.01 or more). The order of scavenging potential of different extracts is seen to be methanolic≥ethanolic>aqueous>acetone>chloroform>benzene. The samples collected during the rainy season were the least effective. Samples collected during the winter and summer seasons, on the other hand, were both more effective (p<0.05) at removing DPPH free radicals.
Conclusion: This study helps to provide primary data on the concentration range, impact of the extraction medium, and sample collected in different seasons. Probably, these findings signify a notable progression in the investigation of the utilization of native plant species for medicinal purposes.
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE ABOUT STORAGE AND SAFE DISPOSAL OF UNUSED MEDICINES AMONG MEDICAL AND DENTAL PERSONNEL: ECOPHARMACOVIGILANCE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: MORE SAPNA ARUN , GUPTA KAMAYANI , KHARAT AVINA , MISHRA POOJA S.
Published: May 2024

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the storage and safe disposal of unused medicines among students at MGM Medical and Government Dental College, Indore, marking the first such assessment among this population.
Method: A cross-sectional survey, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, utilized a questionnaire-based approach. Medical and dental students provided 509 responses, yielding a response rate of 96%. The pre-validated questionnaire, administered through Google Forms, encompassed sociodemographic details and sections on knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Statistical tools were employed for the analysis of response frequencies.
Results: A response rate of 96% was achieved, with 509 participants providing insights. While participants exhibited awareness regarding medication expiry, storage conditions, and environmental contamination, a significant knowledge gap existed concerning standardized medication disposal methods. Despite a high acknowledgment (above 80%) of the reduction in efficacy post-expiry, safe drug disposal practices were found to be lacking.
Conclusion: The prevailing practice of storing medicines at home until expiry, followed by disposal in the trash, persists despite awareness of the hazards associated with pharmaceuticals in the environment. This underscores a deficiency in knowledge and the absence of secure disposal methods. Respondents expressed a preference for evidence-based and environmentally friendly approaches to dispose of unwanted medications.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS THE PATTERN OF SELF-MEDICATION USED FOR DIARRHEA AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA
Authors: MISHRA POOJA SOLANKI , TIWARI ASHUTOSH , SHINDE MEGHNA , RASTOGI DEEPTI , KHARAT AVINA
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the drug usage pattern, personal hygiene, and sanitation practices among day scholars and hosteller medical students.
Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted at MGM Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore. Undergraduate and postgraduate medical students who experienced episodes of diarrhea in the past 6 months were included in the study. Diarrhea occurring due to organic causes was excluded. Data were collected using a Google or physical form and were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: 254 students who suffered from diarrhea in the past 6 months participated in the study, out of which 56% were hostellers. Commonly used drugs were ofloxacin, metronidazole, etc. 50.2% of them took self-medication; the majority of them were hostellers. Students were found to eat outside at least once a week. Personal hygiene and sanitation were more compromised among hostellers than day scholars.
Conclusion: Personal hygiene and sanitation practices should be improved among medical students, especially hostel students. These students, despite being from medical backgrounds, still take irrational medication. Therefore, there is a need for increased awareness regarding drug usage, and self-medication should be discouraged.
PRESCRIPTION AUDIT AND EFFECTS OF COMORBIDITIES ON INDOOR COVID-19 PATIENTS OF A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: SM MALEK , AR KUBAVAT , A SINGH , PR CHABHADIYA , DD RAJGURU , HR PUROHIT , KN HAJARE , TV HADVANI
Published: May 2024

Objective: Management of COVID-19 has been a challenge to the health-care system. The COVID-19 pandemic led to prescribing a greater number of drugs for curing the disease in the initial phase of the pandemic due to a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of COVID-19, symptomatic treatment was given as no definite treatment was available. This presented an opportunity to assess prescribing practices during the pandemic.
Methods: The study presents a retrospective cohort to assess 300 random prescriptions from indoor COVID-19 patients of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The parameters analyzed in the process of the prescription audit were patients’ demographics data, prescribing standards according to the World Health Organization core indicators, clinical diagnosis with the comorbid condition, legibility of handwriting, doctor’s name and signature, and outcome of the disease.
Results: Out of 300 cases analyzed, a total of 298 (99.66%) prescriptions were with antimicrobialsa total of 55 (18.3%) patients received antivirals. 167 (55.67%) admitted patients having comorbidities such as hypertension (28%) and diabetes (24.3%).
Conclusion: It is observed almost every patient has received antimicrobial in the form of antibiotic or antiviral. About 18.3% of patients received antiviral drugs. The effect of co-morbidity has a significant influence on the outcome of patients having COVID-19, as in this study, mortality rate in diabetic patients is higher up to 11.48% than in non-diabetics.
TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF OLEANOLIC ACID (PENTACYCLIC TRITERPENOID) EXTRACTED FROM LANTANA CAMARA ROOTS FOLLOWING ORAL EXPOSURE IN WISTAR RATS
Authors: GUPTA NAVIKA , SINGH ANU T
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aim of the present study was to perform an acute toxicity study to obtain information on the possible adverse effects from a single oral administration of Oleanolic acid in Wistar rats as the onset of toxicity, and to determine the range of exposure (to the LD50 cut-off criteria). Following a sub-chronic 90-days Repeated toxicity study by oral route to determine any potential indication of its dose response relationship and determine no observed effect level (NOEL)/ no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL)/ low observed effect level (LOEL)/ low observed adverse effect level (LOAEL).
Methods: A dose level of 2000mg/kg body weight was employed as step one for single acute study. Based on the survival pattern of the previously dosed animals after 48 hours, same dose 2000 mg/kg body weight) was repeated for Step 2 as a confirmatory test. For the 90-day toxicity study, the highest dose was determined as 1000mg/kg Body weight, and the middle and lower doses were 500 and 250mg/kg Body weight respectively. The rat group was held for a 14-day recovery period after the last dose administration, to observe for any persistence or reversal of toxic effects.
Results: Results of the acute toxicity study showed no mortality on the dose level of 2000mg/kg body weight with no significant clinical and body weight changes. During the 90-day Repeated dose oral sub-chronic toxicity study, no rats died. There were no significant clinical changes related to the test item in terms of functional evaluation, body weight, food and water consumption, ophthalmological tests, urine analysis, necropsy findings, or organ weight, Hematology, and biochemistry at the highest dose level of 1000 mg/kg bwt.
Conclusion: It is concluded that LD50 Cut-off Value of “Oleanolic acid” in from acute oral toxicity study in Wistar Rats is 2000 mg/kg b.wt. In addition, 90 days study have showed no significant changes with respect to any hematological or blood chemical analyses in 1000, 500 and 250 mg/kg bwt groups. Based on histopathological findings, clinical signs and other parameters, it may be concluded that upon repeated once oral administration for consecutive 90 days, the Oleanolic acid (Pentacyclic Triterpenoid) extracted from Lantana camara roots at the dose level of 1000 mg/kg body weight have caused no adverse effect in both sexes of Wistar Rats.
COMPLETE AND INCOMPLETE BONY BRIDGES NEAR FORAMEN OVALE WITH POTENTIAL SURGICAL AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Authors: MEHTA RITUBHI , SHARMA JAGMOHAN , SINGH PANKAJ KUMAR , CHHABRA PRABHJOT KAUR
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Pterygospinous or Pterygoalar ligaments may pose mandibular nerve compression by when present near foramen ovale. The presence of ossified pterygospinous or pterygoalar ligaments might cause trouble to surgeons in performing percutaneous rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia, electroencephalographic procedures, or taking biopsy from cavernous sinus tumors. The present study aims to find the incidence and specific morphological variations related to the ossification of pterygospinous and pterygoalar ligaments.
Methods: The study was conducted on 200 dried adult human cadaveric skull of unknown age and sex in the department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Skulls were obtained from different medical colleges of the Rajasthan region. The study included fully dried, intact, adult human skull bones with no structural defects. Damaged, fractured, skull with the developmental anomaly, injured or pathologically malformed skull especially at or near the foramen ovale on either side were excluded from the study. Ossification of pterygospinous and pterygoalar bar was studied on both sides. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Version 26 software.
Results: Ossified ligaments were studied in 400 sides of 200 skulls. The ossification of pterygospinous bar was observed in 53 cases (13.25%). The pterygospinous bar was complete in twelve (3%) cases and incomplete in 41 cases (10.25%). The ossified pterygoalar ligament was observed in 62 cases (15.5%). Ossification was complete in 15 cases (3.75%) and incomplete in 47 cases (11.75%).
Conclusion: Ossification of pterygospinous and pterygoalar bars was observed in skulls obtained from medical colleges in the Rajasthan region. Knowledge of such morphological variations of the skull base will improve the therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA IN MANAGING CHRONIC PLANTAR FASCIITIS
Authors: BASHA A. M. ILIAS , RASOOL SHAIK , ANUSHA K.
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) Assess the impact of a single dose of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection on visual analog scale (VAS) scores for heel pain. (2) Evaluate the functional outcome scores following PRP treatment for chronic plantar fasciitis. (3) Measure and confirm the restoration of plantar fascia thickness through ultrasound (USG) assessments. (4) Determine the safety and viability of local PRP injection as a treatment option for individuals with chronic plantar fasciitis.
Methods: This hospital-based prospective case series, spanning January 2019 to January 2020, enrolled 40 participants aged 25–65 with unilateral, persistent plantar fasciitis resistant to conservative treatment. Exclusion criteria included BMI ≥30, various pathologies, and recent injections. Ethical clearance was obtained, and participants received autologous PRP injections, with ultrasound measuring plantar fascia thickness. Post-injection, patients were monitored for adverse reactions, initiated stretching exercises, and progressed to weight-bearing activities after 6 weeks.
Results: The study cohort, averaging 45 years (standard deviation [SD] 7.7), primarily comprised females with the right-foot prevalence. Symptom duration averaged 20 weeks (SD 4.5). Pre-injection VAS scores (6.7±1.2) significantly improved at 6 weeks (2.9±0.6) and 12 weeks (2.0±0.9) post-PRP injection (p<0.001). Plantar fascia thickness reduced from 5.1 mm (SD 0.6) to 4.1 mm (SD 0.5) at 12 weeks (p<0.001) and regular foot thickness: 3.7 mm (SD 0.5).
Conclusion: The study reveals that a singular PRP injection brings about substantial and clinically meaningful enhancements in heel pain, functional outcomes, and the restoration of plantar fascia thickness, supported by ultrasound measurements. This underscores local PRP injection as a viable and safe therapeutic choice for those grappling with chronic plantar fasciitis.
ROLE OF DYNAMIZATION IN INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING OF TIBIA
Authors: SINGH DALJINDER , MEHTA KSHITIJ , SANDHU HARMANPREET , SINGH DHARMINDER , SAHNI GIRISH
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study aims to know the functional outcomes of intramedullary nailing (IMN) osteosynthesis in long bone shaft fractures among adult patients with stable internal fixation and union. Additionally, it seeks to assess the specific and general complications experienced by both groups.
Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Orthopedics, Government Medical College, and Rajindra Hospital in Patiala, spanning from March 2021 to December 2022. It was a prospective, manipulative, controlled study involving a total of 40 cases of tibia diaphyseal fractures that were presented to the orthopedics department. Fractures were classified according to the AO fracture classification.
Results: The average time for union in the dynamic group was 15.60 weeks (with a standard deviation of 1.27). A significant statistical difference was observed, favoring the dynamization nailing group (p<0.01), indicating a strong trend toward faster union. Out of the 40 patients, 16 (40%) experienced at least one complication. In conclusion, dynamic IMN osteosynthesis permits micromotion between fracture fragments, directly stimulating bone formation and the development of callus.
Conclusion: For closed or open tibial diaphyseal fractures with minimal comminution (types A and B based on the AO classification) up to Gustilo 3A, dynamic IMN assembly is considered a safe and effective treatment option.
STUDY ON “SURGICAL MANAGEMENT IN DYNAMIC SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION IN ADULT”
Authors: PATIDAR REKHA , MEENA ANIL , GUPTA MANOJ KUMAR , MEENA ANSHUL
Published: May 2024

Objectives: This study undergoes cases of dynamic small bowel obstruction in the adult population, requiring surgical intervention based on cause, anatomical and pathological nature, age-related factors, mode of presentation, investigation modalities, surgical procedure done, outcome after surgery, and complications.
Methods: The study was conducted on 100 small bowel obstructions from 2020 to 2022. 50 patients in each group requiring surgical intervention based on cause, anatomical, and pathological nature, age-related factors, mode of presentation, investigation modalities, surgical procedure done, and outcome after surgery and complications were analyzed.
Results: In the present study, the most common cause was adhesions and bands followed by hernia. In this study, 56% of the cases belonged to 31–50- year age group; there are 25 males and 25 females. On abdominal examination, diffuse tenderness was present in all 50 cases, followed by (muscle hold) guarding in 35, rigidity in eight, with mass abdomen including seven cases.
Conclusion: Intestinal obstruction is an important surgical emergency, demand vigorous correction of fluid, and electrolyte. Adhesions and bands are the common cause to produce intestinal obstruction. Patients with intestinal obstruction due to adhesions and bands are more likely to develop post-operative complications. Early operation is mandatory to avoid the development of peritonitis and systemic sepsis associated with multi-system organ failure.
EFFECTS OF NEUROLEPTICS WITH OR WITHOUT ANTI-CHOLINERGICS AMONG SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS OF SOUTH GUJARAT
Authors: SODHA PRADIPSINH , SHETH HAIYA , YADAV PREETI , RANA HITA , CHAUDHARI MAYUR , CHAUDHARI KAJAL , TALAVIA TUSHAR
Published: May 2024

Objective: Neuroleptics (or anti-psychotics) indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia have significant dose-limiting extra-pyramidal side effects (EPS). Literature suggests limited evidence for the efficacy of anticholinergics in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced EPS. Thus, the present study was conducted to understand the effects of anti-cholinergics on EPS among schizophrenics already on neuroleptics (typical and atypical).
Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South Gujarat for 15 months. A total of 200 participants were included based on selection criteria and distributed equally among four groups (A, B, C, and D) of 50 participants each. The collected data were analyzed for sociodemographic profile, current treatment regimen, type of neuroleptic drug, present complaints of EPS, and addition of any anti-cholinergic agent. An abnormal involuntarily movement scale score was used for examining movement disorders in all study participants. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2019 and IBM SPSS software version 28, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Hundred patients who were prescribed typical neuroleptics were divided into groups A (with anti-cholinergic) and B (without anti-cholinergic), whereas the remaining 100 patients being prescribed atypical neuroleptics were divided into groups C (with anti-cholinergic) and D (without anti-cholinergic) by simple randomization. The majority of 56% were young adults (18–35 years) with an overall male pre-ponderance (2.14:1). Out of 50 participants in both groups A and B, a higher number of group B participants experienced tremors, rigidity, difficulty in movements, and tardive dyskinesia (TD) (48/50 vs. 30/50, 36/50 vs. 6/50, 24/50 vs. 1/50, 36/50 vs. 19/50) as compared to group A, respectively. Similar results were noted with groups C and D, where a higher number of group D participants experienced tremors, rigidity, difficulty in movements, and tardive dyskinesia (TD) (15/50 vs. 5/50, 11/50 vs. 3/50, 18/50 vs. 2/50, and 16/50 vs. 4/50, respectively). All the results were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in EPS among schizophrenia patients who were prescribed atypical over typical neuroleptics. The addition of one anticholinergic to the drug regimen also significantly reduced the frequency of EPS in schizophrenia patients.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES COMPLICATED BY HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS – A RARE CASE SERIES
Authors: CHHABRA AJAY , KHATTAR SALONI , BAGGA PERMEET
Published: May 2024

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, yet potentially fatal disorder of uncontrolled inflammation and dysregulated immunity. Patients may present with features ranging from fever, rash, and cytopenias to fatal multiorgan failure. Here, we present a case series reporting four cases of HLH, their clinicopathological findings, laboratory investigations, and outcomes. The underlying causes for the four cases were found to be infective ones, i.e., Leptospira, hepatitis-E and herpes simplex virus-1, kala-azar and malaria and enteric fever. HLH is a manifestation of the dysregulated immune response of various T cells leading to cytokinemia causing an accumulation of macrophages and T lymphocytes in various tissues. Infections account for about half of all HLH cases in adults the world over. In our institute, infections may still be more prevalent as a cause. Moreover, this may be the scenario in our country where infectious diseases remain a major proportion of the disease burden.