bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE APPLICATION OF PICTURES AND PEER ASSESSMENT FOR TEACHING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT IN WRITING CLASS
Authors: Candra Komang Dian Puspita
Published: April 2020

English has four basic language skills those are listening, writing, reading and speaking. Teaching English at Junior high school is based on the school based curriculum. In competence based curriculum, students should be able to produce written texts based on certain genres, and one of them is descriptive text. Based on the observation, the ability of students in seventh grade of SMP Pemecutan Denpasar, in making descriptive text is lower than the other genres. Students feel bored in writing class and get stuck in describing something. Because of these difficulties, some efforts have been done to solve the problems. One of them is by teaching writing especially for descriptive text by using pictures and combined it with peer assessment. This study is intended to improve the ability of seventh grade students of SMP Pemecutan Denpasar in writing descriptive text. This study was designed in the form of classroom action research to 17 students that consists of two cycles and involving four steps in each cycle namely planning, action, observation and reflection. In order to collect the data, three instruments were used those are test, observation and questioner. The data were analyzed qualitative and quantitative based on rubric proposed by Brown (1994) and Nurgiyantoro (2010). The data analyses were presented in the table and chart as well as also in descriptive narrative sentences. The result of this study showed that the implementing of pictures and peer assessment could improve the ability of students in writing descriptive text. It can be seen from the mean score of students was 58 in pretest and after conducting the treatment in the first cycle the student’s mean score improved to 71 and become 77 in second cycle. There are 5 students (29,41%) who passed the KKM in pre test and there is a significant increasing in first cycle becomes 12 students (70,58%) and all students (100%) passed the KKM in second cycle. It can be inferred that the combination of pictures and peer assessment was very effective helping the students in writing a descriptive text and build their motivation in writing class.
Normative and technical regulation in the field of urban green space arrangement
Authors: Borisov Mikhail V. , Bakaeva Natalia V. , Chernyaeva Irina V.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. One of the urban planning key tasks is to ensure the personal and social safety and create a high-quality urban environment defined as the ability of the environment to meet human needs. Creating a favorable urban environment is also one of the most important strategic tasks of the state. For that reason, in the nearest future, it is necessary to ensure a cardinal increase in the urban environment comfort, increase the urban environment quality index and reduce the number of settlements with an unfavorable environment. Thus, there is a need to introduce new urban planning system approaches to the assessment of the effectiveness of design solutions in the field of urban green space arrangement. The scope of the research is normative and technical regulation in the field of urban green space arrangement, while its objective is the analysis of the main regulation problems. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of urban planning based on the calculation of triple balances of the biotechnosphere. By varying the elements of the green space arrangement, it is possible to regulate the level of the biosphere’s regenerative forces, thus balancing the anthropogenic impact on the urban environment. Methods of the research are familiarization with the relevant legal documents in the field of urban green-space arrangement and integrated analysis of urban planning documentation for solving the problems of strategic planning of territorial development. Results. The analysis of the main problems of normative and technical regulation in the field of urban green space arrangement is performed. The functions of gardening in the composition of the urban territorial zones are revealed. The paper shows a gradation of landscaping systems in the urban planning structure at various urban planning levels. A comparative analysis of the landscaping of the territorial zones is given for three major towns of the Central Federal district: Orel, Smolensk, and Tambov. A method to create favorable conditions for life, is proposed for regulating the regenerative forces of the biosphere with the balance ratios of the components of the biotechnosphere balance, including elements of various gardening intensities. Conclusions. Creating a continuous system of green and other open spaces based on the principles of urban planning is currently the main tool for creating a favorable urban environment. Currently, new system approaches are required to assess the effectiveness of design solutions in the field of landscaping and introducing a new integrated indicator of the availability of green spaces.
Methods of simulating the front of the air shock wave for calculating the industrial structure
Authors: Mkrtychev Oleg V. , Savenkov Anton Y.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. The paper considers existing methods of simulating a wide front of an air shock wave for solving problems of shock wave interaction with an installation using gas-dynamic methods. When solving the problem of the air shock wave interaction with an installation in a dynamic setting, it was revealed that, when simulating a wide front of a distant explosion using point explosions, it is possible to obtain an underestimated time of the shock wave action. This results in a downward bias of loads to the installation. Thus, the loads obtained in this case do not correspond to the loads for which it is necessary to carry out the calculation of industrial installations protected from shock waves in accordance with domestic and international regulatory documents. To eliminate this drawback, another approach is proposed. It consists in setting the load on the computational region in the form of a pressure graph with specified parameters of overpressure and exposure time.

Materials and methods. The interaction of the shock wave front with the installation is carried out using numerical simulation in a nonlinear dynamic setting using gas-dynamic methods in the LS-DYNA software package.

Results. The following analyses were conducted in the scope of the study: an analysis of existing methods of forming the wide shock wave front of the distant explosion and an analysis of the parameters of the shock wave during the formation of the wide shock wave front of the distant explosion by setting the pressure graph with the specified parameters of the overpressure and the exposure time.

Conclusions. The result of the analysis of methods for numerical simulation of the interaction of the air shock wave wide front with the installation showed that simulation of the explosion source in the form of volume elements and simulation of the shock wave using the CONWEP function of the LS-DYNA software package have disadvantages. These disadvantages do not allow obtaining the main parameters of the shock wave for the further use. A method for modeling the wide shock wave front is given by setting a pressure graph at the boundary of the computational region with the required overpressure parameters and exposure time.
The landscaping of urban agglomeration park systems
Authors: Ostyakova Aleksandra V. , Pluisnina Ekaterina V
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Studying water body ecological problems and ensuring the necessary level of sanitary maintenance and landscaping of the reservoirs with the surrounding areas are relevant due to the inadequate environmental condition of a large number of urban water bodies and small rivers within settlements.

Materials and methods. The review of the available normative documents and the carried-out actions on the improvement of city water objects is given. Based on the visual study of the state of the pond banks at the Karbyshev Park at the settlement of Nakhabino, Moscow region, water quality indicators, sources of pollution of the pond, the article concluded on the unsatisfactory ecological and aesthetic condition of this urban pond. The objective of this paper is to analyze the existing negative environmental factors affectig the water body and to propose an option of the site landscaping and further safe usage.

Results. A description of the Karbyshev Park territory is given. Also, negative factors influencing the pollution of the pond banks, and the quality of pond water are specified. A proposal contains a list of necessary types of activities on cleaning and improving the pond bowl and surrounding territory under the condition of preservation of its ecosystem. As a result of the integrated assessment of the pond ecological state, a model of the urban water body was created, and a variant of its ecological reconstruction was proposed.

Conclusions. The study is of practical importance for accounting and elimination of environmental problems of urban water bodies of the Central European Russia and proposals of measures for their improvement and reclamation.
Hydraulic resistance accompanying waterjet cutting
Authors: Volgina Lyudmila V. , Gusev Ivan A.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Two-phase flow transmission is a complex process exposed to the influence of numerous factors. Its characteristics may depend on the physical properties of a flowing medium and on the properties of a pipeline, flow velocities, etc. A research into new types of hydraulic systems serves to identify the parameters that characterize the processes that accompany their transmission, especially if a multi-component flow is analyzed (a mix of water and abrasive particles). The mission of the research is to identify the value of hydraulic resistance coefficient in the course of transmission of a two-phase flow, or a mix of water and an abrasive. Materials and methods. A physics experiment, mathematical data processing methods, data description.

Results. The co-authors have identified the hydraulic resistance coefficient value in the course of the mix transmission, as well as the parameters characterizing supplementary pressure losses in the course of the abrasive transmission. The experimental research enabled the co-authors to identify maximal water and mix application distances that reach 317 and 290 meters.

Conclusions. The results, obtained by the co-authors, are the consequence of the pressure losses that occur in the course of mix transmission and the coefficients that characterize it. The flows considered in the article are used in the systems whose parameters are considerably different from those of traditional hydraulic engineering systems; therefore, any theoretical results obtained by the co-authors need experimental verification. Further, similar systems having different parameters must also be exposed to research to identify the relation between the pressure loss and the abrasive consumption rate and amount. The practical value of the research consists in the identification of maximal water and mix transmission and application distances providing that the operating parameters of the systems remain unchanged.
The research of dust dispersed composition of urban environment
Authors: Azarov Valeriy N. , Kuzmichev Andrey A. , Nikolenko Denis A. , Vasilev Anatoliy N. , Kozlovtseva Elena Yu.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. Presently, the atmosphere of urban environments needs protection due to excessive ambient air pollutant concentrations. Each year these concentrations go up, triggered by environmental factors and anthropogenic processes, such as industry, transport, housing and utilities infrastructure. Dust is one of the main ecological factors that have a negative impact on the air. The co-authors have analyzed theoretical regularities governing the fractional composition of dust in the urban atmosphere, field tested the air polluted by the atmospheric aerosol in urban areas, and studied the applicability of truncated normal distribution law to particle size distribution in the atmospheric aerosol.

Materials and methods. The co-authors employed a set of conventional and advanced information collection and processing methods that enable researchers to deliver novelty-intensive results, including methods of dust particle size distribution assessment, experimental design, mathematical modeling, etc. The co-authors have benchmarked the earlier results against the findings of this research to identify their qualitative and quantitative compliance with the results published in independent sources.

Results. The co-authors have found that integral curves describing dust particle distribution over equivalent diameters, constructed in the coordinate system of logarithmic probability, represent truncated normal distribution, derived from classical normal distribution by limiting the interval of possible variables for random values. These integral curves are an implementation of a random function where a random function parameter represents dparticle, um.

Conclusions. Size distribution of dust particles is an important characteristic of air pollutions that can help to reduce concentration of the atmospheric aerosol in the air. Studies of dust particle size regularities, typical for an urban atmosphere, are particularly relevant because they contribute to the resolution of several problems of environmental safety in an urban environment.
Choice of technologies of ensuring exploitation suitability of buildings in the underground construction area
Authors: Alirzaev Emil Imran Оglu , Dement'eva Marina E.
Published: April 2020

Introduction. One of the serious problems in the construction of underground structures in a dense urban area is the occurrence of excess deformations of the foundations of operating buildings that fall into the zone of influence of underground construction. The subject of the study was the calculated justification of the modern technology of compensatory injection. The relevance of the task is determined by the fact that the choice of the most effective protection technology should be based not only on a comparison of technological precipitation with maximum permissible values, but also on the assessment of the possibility of monitoring and controlling the movements of the foundations of buildings and structures during construction and subsequent operation. The purpose of the study was to compare various methods of protecting the foundations of existing buildings and structures and justify the selection of the most effective of them for further implementation and dissemination in the design and construction of urban underground structures.

Materials and methods. On the basis of the survey data of the operated building falling into the impact zone of excavation of the pit for the construction of the installation and shield chamber of the subway, the parameters of the stress-strain state of its foundations are studied by mathematical modeling. The problem was solved by the finite element method based on the software and computer complex Z_Soil v.18.24.

Results. Based on the analysis of the results of the examination of the administrative building using the finite element method, a change in the parameters of the stress-strain state of the foundations was modeled with various technologies for strengthening it. In the course of solving the geotechnical problem, it was found that the minimum impact on the foundations of the building during the construction of the pit was obtained in the method of compensatory injection. The system of criteria for making a decision on choosing an effective way to ensure the suitability of buildings in the underground construction zone for operation is substantiated.

Conclusions. The results of this work can be used to justify the choice of technology for prevention and control of excess deformations of foundations. The function for calculating the volume of injected material in the Z_Soil software and computer complex can be used to justify the consumption of materials and the economic efficiency of the technological solution.
Certification testing hardware-and-software complex based on unmanned aerial vehicle “Geoscan 401”
Authors: Kadnichanskiy S.A. , Kurkov M.V. , Kurkov V.M. , Chibunichev Aleksandr
Published: April 2020

The authors present the results of certification testing software-and-hardware complex on the basis of an unmanned aircraft (UAV) “Geoskan 401”, designed for aerial mapping. The substantiation of the need to assess the accuracy characteristics of the photogrammetric processing aerial photos results from the UAV is given. The composition of the complex, the parameters of the test site and the performed aerial photography are given, the order and method of testing are described. Assessment of the aerial triangulation accuracy, creation of a digital elevation model, digital orthophotos and coordinates of marked and unmarked characteristic points (natural contours) of land boundaries and building contours were carried out to confirm the compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents for the implementation of photogrammetric processing, maintenance of the state real estate cadastre and surveying. The values of the spatial data accuracy obtained with the help of a hardware-and-software complex confirm the possibility of using the “Geoskan 401” in real estate cadastre and surveying. Recommendations on the use of hardware and software complex for cadastral and mine surveying works are given.
GIS-based automated mapping hazardous exogenous processes in the Tunka depression
Authors: Bezgodova O.V. , Rasputina Е.А.
Published: April 2020

The authors consider automated mapping and spatial analysis of hazardous exogenous processes using a digital elevation model, space images and GIS technologies. A highly detailed map of dangerous exogenous processes within the Tunka depression has been created. At the initial stage, using digital terrain model data, the maps of natural characteristics, which cause the distribution of exogenous processes, were made. This is an elevation map, steepness of slopes and slope aspect maps, normalized difference vegetation index map (NDVI), topographic humidity index and slope length (LS) factor maps. Additional information was obtained from the analysis of space images, landscape conditions and field data. Certain sets and ranges of indicators that characterize the spatial distribution of each class of hazardous exogenous processes were chosen. Seven classes of the most intense hazardous exogenous processes were revealed. The main hazardous exogenous processes in the territory of the Tunka depression were noted on a vector basis using the method of spatial analysis in geographic information systems. Fluvial, slope erosion, and cryogenic-slope classes are most common. Fluvial class of exogenous processes is most dangerous due to mudflows within the valleys of small and temporary watercourses. Slope erosion class is represented by gully erosion, and cryogenic-slope is most often manifested in the form of solifluction. The local danger is represented by screes and rock falls, which are included in the group of gravitational-slope processes.
Implementasi Steganografi Video dengan Menggunakan Metode Egypt, Least Significant Bit (LSB) dan Least Significant Bit (LSB) Fibonacci Edge Pixel
Authors: Pradita Ranida , Nurhaida Ida
Published: April 2020

Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi 5G, penyebaran dengan menggunakan video semakin besar dan mudah. Penyebaran informasi baik yang tersembunyi atau tidak semakin mudah disebarluaskan dengan menggunakan internet. Steganografi adalah cara menyembunyikan informasi dalam image atau video. Steganografi berbentuk digital image, text, audio, video, 3D model, dan lain-lain. Media digital yang popularitasnya paling tinggi dalam penelitian algoritma steganografi dengan menggunakan media digital image. Tulisan ini menggunakan media digital video karna media penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan media digital image. Pada tulisan ini akan diulas dan dianalis tentang video steganografi dengan menggunakan metode Egypt, Least Significant Bit (LSB), dan Least Significant Bit (LSB) Fibonacci Edge Pixel. Analisis video steganografi ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi video yang mengandung unsur pesan rahasia yang kemungkinan untuk pengintaian. Hasil Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) yang didapat dari penelitian ini rata-rata 40.46 dB dan menghasilkan rata-rata presentase similarity 30.67 %. Rata-rata Mean Square Error (MSE) pada penelitian ini adalah sebesar 0.50657. Untuk metode yang paling optimal yang digunakan dalam video steganografi adalah dengan menggunakan Metode Egypt.
Analisa Efektifitas Ran Sharing Pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi (Studi Kasus RAN Sharing XL-Indosat)
Authors: Hidayat Moch Umar
Published: April 2020

Kajian mengenai network sharing dan RAN (Radio Access Networks) Sharing sudah dilakukan oleh beberapa pakar telekomunikasi ataupun organisasi yang fokus terhadap perkembangan teknologi industri telekomunikasi. Penerapan teknik RAN Sharing oleh operator telekomunikasi perlu dilakukan dengan adanya aturan hukum atau regulasi yang mengatur tentang proses dan pelaksanaan kerjasama antar operator sehingga akan berjalan secara teratur. Beberapa riset telah mengungkapkan bahwa sebuah operator akan melakukan efisiensi sekitar 40 % – 60 % pada opex dan capex jika menerapkan RAN Sharing. Di Indonesia sudah ada 2 operator yang sudah menerapkan RAN Sharing yaitu operator XL dan Indosat. Kerjasama ini sudah dijalin sejak tahun 2012 dan hal ini perlu dikaji kembali efektifitasnya terhadap manajemen stategis perusahaan telekomunikasi.
Kerangka Kerja Sistem Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Meningkatkan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia Indonesia
Authors: Devianto Yudo , Dwiasnati Saruni
Published: April 2020

Di zaman yang semakin berkembang ini yaitu era digital, teknologi merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting. Dunia pada saat ini tengah menghadapi era teknologi atau biasa disebut revolusi industri 4.0. kondisi tersebut ditandai langsung dengan penggunaan mesin digital dan internet yang menyebabkan perubahan yang cepat dan signifikan terhadap segala sektor kehidupan manusia sehingga memudahkan manusia dalam melakukan berbagai pekerjaan. Era transformasi digital adalah bagian proses dari teknologi yang lebih besar, dan ini adalah perubahan yang berhubungan dengan penerapan teknologi digital dalam aspek kehidupan yang ada pada masyarkat. Kecerdasan buatan adalah suatu ilmu yang mempelajari cara membuat komputer melakukan sesuatu seperti yang dilakukan oleh manusia. Diperlukan sebuah kerangka kerja sistem kecerdasan buatan yang dapat diterapkan dalam pengembangan ilm pengetahuan, teknologi dan seni di Indonesia. Paper ini mencoba membahas kerangka kerja Case Based Reasoning (CBR) dalam pengembangan sistem kecerdasan buatan. Diharapkan kerangka kerja ini dapat menjadi acuan penerapan sistem kecerdasan di Indonesia.
Internet of Things with Wireless Sensor Network Potential Business Possibility
Authors: Wardhana Dhanang Kusuma
Published: April 2020

Wireless Sensor Network is an exciting part of the Internet of Things to study because of its versatility in various types of industries. The existence of wireless sensor networks is believed to develop similar to the evolution of computer network systems when they were first connected and eventually became what we call today the Internet (World Wide Web). The source of information from the wireless sensor network will be more precious than the current internet information source, and this will change the World Wide Web to what is called the World Wide Sensor Network (WWSN). This paper focuses on the impact of this transformation process, the parties involved, the operational and business models possibility.
Administración del capital de trabajo, liquidez y rentabilidad en el sector textil de Cúcuta, periodo 2008-2011
Authors: Riaño Solano Miller
Published: April 2020

Es importante destacar el sector textil como generador de empleo y divisas para una región, aunado a esto la optimización de la gestión financiera es primordial en el crecimiento y sostenibilidad de las empresas, en esa gestión es relevante el análisis del capital de trabajo, la liquidez y la rentabilidad. El objetivo del trabajo fue relacionar el capital de trabajo y la liquidez con la rentabilidad en el sector textil de Cúcuta en el periodo 2008-2011. La metodología utilizada, consistió en un diseño documental, basada en una investigación descriptiva correlacional. Las fuentes, secundarias, donde se consultó la información financiera relacionada con el sector. Se tabularon los datos, y se analizaron usando técnicas estadísticas para relacionar el coeficiente de correlación (CC) y el coeficiente de determinación (CD). Las variaciones del Capital de Trabajo Neto Operativo (KTNO) explicaron en un 89,4% las variaciones de la Rentabilidad del Activo Neto (RAN) y en un 98,1% las variaciones de la Rentabilidad del Patrimonio (ROE). Las Cuentas por Cobrar (CxC) representaron el 96,67% de las variaciones del ROE, los inventarios lo hicieron en un 76,89% y las Cuentas por Pagar (CxP) en el 95,26%. La liquidez fue la variable de menor influencia en las variaciones del ROE. Los resultados obtenidos se alinearon con los postulados teóricos de Gitman, Albornoz y García. En general, se aprecia la importancia de la adecuada gestión del KTNO como factor de criticidad en la gestión operativa del sector textil confecciones para este periodo, aportando información a este sector para coadyuvar a posicionar en el mercado local e internacional, avanzando en el Proyecto de Transformación Productiva Sectores de clase Mundial impulsado por el Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo.
La ultrasonografía en bovinos
Authors: Gutiérrez Lizarazo Diana , Báez Sandoval Giovanni
Published: April 2020

La ultrasonografía transrectal se ha convertido en una útil herramienta en la reproducción animal desde su implementación en la década de 1980. Su uso abarca desde el campo clínico hasta estudios fisiológicos, pasando por numerosas aplicaciones prácticas de diagnóstico en finca. Hacer una revisión de los principios básicos de la ultrasonografía y con base en resultados de investigación, señalar la importancia de su potencial uso dentro del contexto productivo de la empresa ganadera. Se describen conceptos anatómicos y fisiológicos del tracto reproductivo de la hembra bovina así como también sobre el uso de la ecografía en el seguimiento de la dinámica ovárica a través de mediciones del diámetro folicular y volumen del cuerpo lúteo durante el ciclo estral, relacionando estas variables con la obtención exitosa de una preñez diagnosticada igualmente por medio de ultrasonido. Se presentan algunos referentes de investigación, así como resultados propios, que mostraron una relación positiva entre el diámetro del folículo ovulatorio, el volumen del cuerpo lúteo generado luego de la ovulación, y el diagnostico positivo de preñez. Nuestros datos, y la literatura relacionada, demuestran que la ultrasonografía es una herramienta útil para la evaluación, diagnóstico y toma de decisiones respecto a los eventos reproductivos de la hembra bovina, con potencial para ser usada en conjunto con la aplicación de biotecnologías reproductivas como la inseminación artificial y transferencia de embriones con el fin de optimizar su eficiencia.
Control óptimo inverso para sistemas no lineales en tiempo continuo
Authors: Vega Pérez Carlos , Alzate Castaño Ricardo
Published: April 2020

La optimización aplicada al control automático permite obtener acciones de control que satisfacen no solo el objetivo de control, sino también la minimización de un determinado funcional de costo. Dinámicas complejas dificultan hallar la solución explícita de un problema de control óptimo. El control óptimo inverso evita la solución explícita de la ecuación de Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman para determinar la ley óptima de control. Ilustrar la potencialidad del control óptimo inverso como alternativa para resolver problemas complejos de optimización en control. Se describe el problema de control óptimo para motivar el control óptimo inverso. Se formulan resultados matemáticos generales y se ilustra su aplicación a través de casos de ejemplo. Las formulaciones matemáticas presentadas son probadas analíticamente en casos del tipo óptimo cuadrático lineal (LQR) y óptimo inverso basado en funciones de control de Lyapuvov (LCF). Es posible formular un problema de control óptimo para sistemas de tipo no lineal, sin abordar la solución explícita del problema de optimización, mediante control óptimo inverso.
The impact of national fiscal rules and government effectiveness on the procyclicality of fiscal policy in the Asia-Pacific countries
Authors: Huang Chiung-Ju , Ho Yuan-Hong
Published: April 2020

Fiscal rules are institutional approaches aimed at maintaining fiscal credibility and fiscal discipline and usually set a numerical indicator. Currently, there are two sources of fiscal rules. One is the International Monetary Fund (IMF) dataset that provides country-specific details on various characteristics of rules for 96 countries and the other is European Commission – numerical fiscal rules index that provides the fiscal rule index for 28 member countries. Because of the lack of fiscal rule index for the Asia-Pacific countries, the purpose of this study is to construct the fiscal rule index for 8 Asia-Pacific countries from 1996 to 2015 by using the IMF dataset. Then, this study utilizes the Panel Generalized Method of Moments and the constructed fiscal rule index to investigate the impact of fiscal rules and government effectiveness on the procyclicality of fiscal policy in 8 Asia-Pacific countries, classified as “advanced economies” and “emerging economies”. The empirical results show that fiscal rules and government effectiveness are effective in reducing the procyclicality of government expenditure only in advanced economies. Additionally, the interaction of fiscal rules and government effectiveness has a negative impact on the procyclicality of government expenditure for both advanced economies and emerging economies but the effect is not significant in emerging economies.
Re-branding Landscapes of Forgotten Resorts. Case of the Healing Resort Kemeri in Latvia
Authors: Nitavska Natalija , Skujane Daiga
Published: April 2020

Health resorts have been important landscape identity elements and economy drivers in European cities since the beginning of their development. The sea coastal area in Latvia is rich in sulphur springs that have been used for health procedures since 19th century. Kemeri resort in Jurmala City is known as a unique place that got its name from the forester house Kemeres where the first health procedures were performed by using sulphur spring mud. In 1836 Kemeri was declared as a resort and became known in the whole Russian Empire and later also in the Soviet Union. Significant landscape changes occurred after Latvia regained its independence in 1990, when the ownership of the land changed from the state to the private. Affected by disagreements between the new owners, lack of private and state investments, decrease of visitors from former Soviet Republics, insufficient capacity for competing with European resorts, the resorts in Latvia often became abandoned and forgotten. Historically valuable buildings and parks of the resorts were degraded, the number of inhabitants and visitors decreased. Today the regional government has found opportunities for re-development of Kemeri resort by searching for a new identity and re-branding the place. Re-branding has been used to enhance attractiveness of the place and increase economic benefits. Therefore, the aim of the study is to identify historic heritage values suitable for re-branding of the place and to analyse a potential development of the resort Kemeri. Assessment part of the article is based on historic heritage study by comparing historic and modern photography, field surveys to identify historic heritage values of the place and their influence on possible development scenarios. Historic heritage values were identified according to the Historicity and authenticity; Aesthetic quality and integrity; Social meaning. The other parts of the article are addressed to re-branding of the place that includes involvement of identified historic heritage values into the new identity to enhance functionality, recognisability and attractiveness of the resort Kemeri.
History of origin and development, compositional and morphological features of park pavilions in Ancient China
Authors: Ivashko Yulia , Kusnierz-Krupa Dominika , Peng Chang
Published: April 2020

The article analyses the origins of such a small architectural form as the Chinese pavilion, investigates its functional, planning and artistic figurative features. The evolution of functional and artistic figurative solution of pavilions from dynasty to dynasty is determined. On the basis of the dimensions of the preserved pavilions, their proportional and metro-rhythmic features were determined; a list of the most characteristic forms of roofs as the main exponents of the national originality of the Chinese pavilions was compiled. The reasons for the revival of the tradition of “chinoiserie” style in modern landscape design are argued.
On (λ,μ)- Zweier ideal convergence in intuitionistic fuzzy normed space
Authors: Khan Vakeel , Ahmad Mobeen
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we study and introduce a new type of convergence, namely (?,?)- Zweier convergence and (?,?)- Zweier ideal convergence of double sequences x = (xij) in intuitionistic fuzzy normed space (IFNS), where ? = (?n) and ?= (?m) are two non-decreasing sequences of positive real numbers such that each tending to infinity. Furthermore, we studied (?,?)- Zweier Cauchy and (?,?)- Zweier ideal Cauchy sequences on the said space and established a relation between them.
VVER-1000 Nükleer Güç Reaktöründe Kritiklik ve Bağıl Güç Yoğunluk Dağılımının İncelenmesi
Authors: GENÇ Yasin , UZUN Sinem , ACIR Adem
Published: April 2020

Nükleer güç reaktörlerinin tasarımının ve güvenle çalışmasının en önemli öğelerinden biri, kritiklik ve bağıl güç yoğunluk dağılımının incelenmesidir. Bu çalışmada VVER-1000'in kritiklik ve bağıl güç yoğunluk dağılımını içeren nötronik performans analizleri MCNP nötronik kod yardımıyla hesaplanmıştır. Dört farklı yakıt tipi için nötronik hesaplamalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her bir yakıt demeti için yapılan hesaplamalar sonucunda reaktör korunda kritiklik ve bağıl güç yoğunluk dağılımları elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar literatürle karşılaştırılmış ve elde edilen kritiklik ve bağıl güç yoğunluk dağılımı değerlerinin birbirleriyle benzerlik gösterdiği görülmüştür.
Valuing Arts Festivals, A case study of the South African National Arts Festival
Authors: Snowball Jen D.
Published: April 2020

The South African National Arts Festival (NAF) is in its 42nd year and has evolved to be one of the largest cultural festivals in Africa. The value of cultural festivals extends well beyond the financial (that is, economic) impact, including such things as building social cohesion, cultural capital and identity. Significant advances in measuring such values, using both qualitative and quantitative techniques, have been made in the past 30 years. Nevertheless, economic impact studies are still one of the most widely used valuation methods for cultural events, largely because they demonstrate to funders, government and artistic producers the monetary contribution of the events to the city or region in which they take place. Economic impact studies are thus a powerful tool for arts proponents in arguing for increased resources and demonstrating the impact of this sector of the cultural industries. Using research undertaken at the National Arts Festival, this chapter discusses the measurement of festival impacts, describing the method and results, and pointing out how festival organisers used the information. It also demonstrates how impact studies, if conducted in multiple years, can track changes in festival audience composition, which can be useful for event management and organisation.
Dia de los Muertos and its Representation of Calaveras
Authors: Bradfield Emily
Published: April 2020

The word death is not pronounced in New York, Paris or London, because it burns the lips. The Mexican, by contrast, is familiar with death, jokes about it, caresses it, sleeps with it, celebrates it... it is one of his most favourite toys and his most steadfast love. True, there is perhaps as much fear in his attitude as in that of others, but at least death is not hidden away... (Paz, 1967, in Sayer, 2009: 105) While every country has its own festivals and celebrations, each deeply rooted in the country’s culture, none does so more vibrantly than Mexico’s festival of Dia de los Muertos (Day of the Dead), which dates back to the Aztec belief in life as part of the wider cycle of existence (Weiss, 2010). Celebrated on All Saints’ and All Souls’ days at the start of November, Mexico’s festival is significantly different from other countries’ celebrations, such as the perhaps more familiar Westernised, secular celebration of Halloween. Although festivities vary from region to region across Mexico, it seems that remembrance remains central to the festival, during which the living “honour the souls of the departed with gifts of food and flowers” (Sayer, 2009: 12). Far from being a sombre affair, Dia de los Muertos is a time for celebration mixing Spanish Catholic traditions with ancient Aztec rituals, it is “quite the reverse of morbid; it is a period full of life, colour and festival” (Carmichael and Sayer, 1991: 7). By contrast, Western Catholic countries continue to honour more traditional practice of All Saints’ Day, a national holiday in many Catholic countries, including Spain, where Todos los Santos remains as one of the country’s most celebrated religious festivals and All Souls’ Day, on which ancient customs of decorating graves and praying for the dead are still observed (Catholic Culture, 2015).
Festivals that Change Lives
Authors: Gaber Floriane
Published: April 2020

There are countries in the world where ‘freedom’ and ‘democracy’ don’t have the same meaning as in our western European countries, especially in the street or in what is called ‘public space’. Even so, in some of these countries, street art festivals exist and they can change the life of the artists and of the population. Jürgen Habermas, in The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962), has defined this term. According to him, the bourgeois public sphere (which appeared in the 18th century) is the place between private individuals and government authorities in which people can meet and have critical debates about public matters. Whether debates are about culture, habits or law, in the countries discussed in this chapter (Iran, Belarus, Morocco and Kuwait), this barely happens. Critical debate is forbidden or simply inconceivable.
Off the Beaten Track
Authors: Archer Robyn
Published: April 2020

One of the key elements of success in any festival is its authenticity. This is often more easily achieved in generically specific celebrations of dance, theatre, opera, food, film – anything where the context allows for a deep exploration of the genre, rather than the cherry-picking approach which a large multi-arts festival demands. But authenticity can also be achieved through a serious engagement of the host city, town or region. There are festivals whose programs, at first sight, live and breathe a sense of place: you want to be there, to experience a program which will allow you to understand the cultural depth of a place. Many religious festivals demand pilgrimage, and those arts festivals that necessitate getting you off the beaten track already have a head start in generating excitement and devotion. This isn’t a travel pitch, but the business of getting there, arriving and grabbing as much as you can while you’re there, including serious engagement with the local culture and creating the possibility of collaboration or exchange, is central to the experience. You don’t go to these places to slow down, but to be informed and re-invigorated by a socio-geographic and cultural environment which you may never have expected to discover. East Arnhem Land sits at the top of Australia’s Northern Territory. It is the traditional land of the Yolgnu people who have been there for tens of thousands of years. Each year, the GARMA festival takes place on this land. Attendance is by invitation only, though that can be extended to you by application. Its defining agenda is Indigenous cultural exchange.
Norwegian Festivals and a Music Economy in Transition, The art of balancing ambitions, expectations and limitations
Authors: Nordgård Daniel
Published: April 2020

Somewhere around 10.30 p.m., July 3rd, 2002, David Bowie enters the stage at Odderøya, Kristiansand to perform at the Quart-Festival as the headlining act of that year. The atmosphere was electric as 12,000 fans (sold out) welcome the biggest act yet to visit Norway’s biggest music festival. Bowie himself, wearing a loosened bow tie and a black and white suit, walks calmly to the front of the stage, takes a bow at his audience and opens what is considered a legendary concert in Kristiansand with ‘Life on Mars’. A long-time volunteer at the Quart-Festival, I was in that audience and, although not a devoted Bowie fan, I was deeply fascinated by his appearance. I remember his presence; the calm and the control Bowie exercised from when he entered the stage until he left. I remember the line of songs that I knew by heart – songs that have been canonised years ago. I also remember noticing the difference in appearance from Bowie and the number of ‘soon-to-be-stars’ and ‘could-have-been-stars’, struggling to attain momentum and attention on stage. Here was a star – a true legend. Both prior to, but mostly after David Bowie’s concert at the Quart-Festival in 2002, there was a vivid discussion among Norwegian festival managers and journalists on whether it was at all sustainable for festivals to give artist fees as big as that rumoured to be the case with David Bowie. There were concerns on whether a sacred line had been broken with regards to the size of his fee, as well as claims that Mr Bowie was considered a ‘stadium-artist’ and hence whether such artists were at all economically sustainable to present in Norwegian festival programmes. There was a concern to whether at all Norwegian festivals had the capacity to present artists on this level. Remarkably absent in the discussions of 2002, were any concerns related to ‘the other artists’, the names underneath the headlining acts; new audience behaviour; or a potentially changing role of the festival. In 2015, however, these issues are more apparent and in the following I will attempt to discuss them in relation to a set of interviews I did with three Norwegian festival managers in the spring of 2011. I will attempt to describe how the festivals have been affected by significant change taking place within the music industries and, in particular, seek to explore to what extent these changes have affected the role of the festival, and most important, to what extent such change is at all recognised by the festivals.
Festivals on the High Street, Revitalising business and communities in the UK
Authors: Comunian Roberta , Fraser-Ward Lydia , Jacobi Silvie
Published: April 2020

This chapter considers the tradition and impact of festivals taking place in high street settings. Using examples from the UK it reflects on recent issues that have affected the decline experienced by high streets in the UK and explores how arts festivals and public outdoor events have been used to revitalise business and community engagement. We will explore two case studies in London presenting current research on mapping community and business engagement in these settings. Festivals have historically been highly embedded and integrated within the socio-economic life of societies, for example as celebrations and cultural activities embedded within fairs, markets and squares. However, while in recent years we have seen more and more festivals blooming in many communities, bringing new cultural and social life to our cities, we have also seen the decline of independent economic activities on high streets, with increasingly unsustainable rents pushing smaller traders out in favour of large chains and cheap imported goods often resulting in an increase of empty shops. This chapter questions whether there could be more integration and engagement between artistic activities embedded in festivals and local shops, through cultural intervention that is mutually beneficial. The first part of the chapter brings together the literature on arts festivals and their impact in communities and places, with recent issues emerging in the UK about the decline of the high street and its viability, which has been highlighted in extensive academic and policy reports (Wrigley and Dolega, 2011; Portas, 2011). Here, we highlight the importance of considering culture as a key ingredient in the future development of high streets, raising awareness of festivals in bringing the right mix of social, cultural but also economic opportunities for local high streets and presenting two case studies which highlight these integrated dynamics. In the second part, we discuss the case studies and methodologies adopted. The case studies are recent arts-focused interventions that specifically use cultural activity to stimulate positive social engagement with the high street whilst directly supporting local economic investment and customer loyalty. The conclusions reflect on the limit of current methodologies and our current ability to map and capture the interconnection between social, cultural and economic impact of festivals and their potential future role in the regeneration of high streets.
‘Appealing for Grace’, The Guinea Corn Festival of the Nawuris of Northern Ghana
Authors: Ntewusu Samuel Aniegye
Published: April 2020

Festivals are recurrent celebrations and often with ritual events and meanings. Festivals reveal something of the identity, values and world views of the community or ethnic group that celebrates them (Szabó, 2015). Festive occasions involve local residents and visitors. In Ghana, there are several festivals celebrated by different ethnic groups. For example the people of Accra, the capital of Ghana, celebrate the Homowo festival, which is a festival that literally ‘hoots at hunger’. The festival was initiated following a bumper harvest after years of famine and hunger. The people of Akropong, Akwapim in the eastern region of Ghana celebrate the Odwira festival. It is a festival that enables the people to purify ancestral stools 2 and spiritually cleanse the towns and villages in and around Akropong. In the same way the people of Cape Coast also celebrate the Fetu Afahye festival, which is a multi-purpose festival that marks cleansing of the people of Cape Coast from a plague in pre-colonial times. The festival also celebrates an abundant harvest of fish from the sea and offers the opportunity for the people in the area to thank the seventy-seven deities of the Cape Coast for their protection over the years (Opoku 1970). The Ewe people of Anlo, in the Volta Region of Ghana, celebrate a festival called Hogbetsotso. It is a migration festival that tells the story of the escape of a group of Ewes from one of their tyrannical rulers, King Agokoli. The Dagomba people of the Northern Region celebrate the Bugum or fire festival. Local traditions provide two explanations for the festival. The first credits the origin of the festival to the Prophet Noah whose Ark docked on Mount Ararat. Local historians claim that after the floods the occupants of the Ark came out with torches to find their way out and around. The second version indicates that at a point in the history of the Dagomba people a king lost his son. The king assembled his warriors who composed a search party. They finally found the son in the night sleeping under a tree. Because they managed to find him using torches made from grass, the king decreed that every year the event should be celebrated with torches made from grass.