bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I in a term neonate with late onset sepsis: a case report
Authors: Basani Laxman , Aepala Roja
Published: December 2016

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency disorder of leukocyte function characterized by marked leucocytosis secondary to lack of leukocyte recruitment at the site of infection. LAD type I results from lack of expression of leukocyte cell surface β2 integrins (CD 11 and CD 18) that are essential for leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and chemotaxis. LAD I is characterized by delayed separation of the umbilical cord, recurrent life-threatening infections of oral and genital mucosa, skin, intestine and respiratory tract. There is impaired pus formation and delayed wound healing despite extreme neutrophilia. Children with severe form of LAD I (<1% expression of CD18) have the worst prognosis and succumb to infections by 2 years of age. Study reports a case of LAD I in a term neonate who presented with sepsis and the diagnosis was confirmed by flow cytometry. Around 400 cases of LAD I were diagnosed worldwide so far, with very few cases reported from India.
An unusual cause of refractory ascites with cirrhosis
Authors: Mehra Nikhil , Sherwani Poonam
Published: December 2016

Reports of chronic constrictive pericarditis presenting with hepatomegaly, cirrhosis and ascites but no cardiac symptoms are rare. A 10 year old child presented with refractory ascites and firm hepatomegaly of 2 years duration which partially responded to diuretics. Doppler study showed dilated hepatic veins and inferior vena cava and ruled out hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction. Chest X ray showed pericardial calcification and 2D Echo was suggestive of chronic constrictive pericarditis. A diagnosis of chronic calcified constrictive pericarditis with cirrhosis and refractory ascites was made. Based on previous series which showed that tuberculosis is the most common cause of constrictive pericarditis, tuberculosis as the cause of constrictive pericarditis was kept. Anti tuberculous treatment as per Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program guidelines was started along with oral steroids and diuretics. Child showed response to the treatment and was later referred to cardiac surgery department for further management (pericardectomy).
Effectiveness of lifestyle modification package among overweight and obese adolescent girls between 15-19 years with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Nair Anju Krishnan , Nambisan Bindu , Radha Sreekumary , Leelamma Jayasree
Published: December 2016

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common female endocrine disorder which is often diagnosed during late adolescence, with anovulation and hyperandrogenism. Adolescent girls with PCOS, are at an increased risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Early diagnosis and early intervention may prevent long term sequelae and improve quality of life. The objectives were to study the effectiveness of lifestyle modification package among overweight and obese adolescent girls between 15-19 years with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: In this study 144 adolescent girls (postmenarchal by 2 years) diagnosed as PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria after ruling out other causes of menstrual abnormality listed in the exclusion criteria, were selected. Informed consent taken from the participant or their parent if less than 18 years. Their anthropometric measurements and their menstrual cycles recorded at the beginning of the study and a lifestyle modification package including dietary modification and exercise, given to each of them. Participants were followed up telephonically every month to know their compliance towards the intervention program along with reinforcement of the package.  After 6 months of intervention they were reviewed to assess the effectiveness of the intervention package.Results: Significant weight loss was seen in 66.4% of the participants and15.2% had weight stabilization (weight gain <1.5kg). There was significant change in BMI with mean change in BMI 1.9. 58.4% of the girls improved their menstrual cycle after 6 months. There was significant reduction in body fat% and W/H ratio.Conclusions: Lifestyle modification is a simple, cost effective treatment in the management of overweight and obese adolescent PCOS in improving their BMI and regularization of menstrual cycles.
A community based study on prevalence of obesity among urban population of Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
Authors: Nagendra Kanchana , C. Nandini , Belur Mangala
Published: December 2016

Background: Obesity is a most prevalent malnutrition all over the world. It is estimated by the WHO that globally, over 1 billion (16%) adults are overweight and 300 million of these (5%) are obese. The highest rise in the number of obese is noted in the countries with fast growing economies especially of South East Asia. In India the prevalence of obesity is 12.6% in women and 9.3% in men. In other words, more than a 100 million individuals are obese in India. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of obesity in urban population of Shivamogga.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted in Urban Shivamogga Study was conducted during February 1st to July 30th 2016 for 6 months.  Data was collected from house hold members aged 15-64 years. The calculated sample size was 2000. Subjects were interviewed using a prestructured and pretested questionnaire adopted from WHO STEPS I and II, approaches for non-communicable diseases risk factors surveillance, after modifying to suit the local requirements (questions about Obesity and overweight were considered for study).Results: The prevalence of high BMI among study subjects was nearly fifty percent (45.6%).  The prevalence of obesity in the study subjects was 31.6%, the prevalence was more in females (34.9%) compared to males (28.4%). The prevalence of central/ abdominal type of obesity was 41.2%.Conclusions:This community based study demonstrated high prevalence of obesity and overweight among the productive population of urban Shivamogga.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices: assessing community based health care interventions in urban setting
Authors: Hamdard Naqibullah , Haneef Mohammad Anwar
Published: December 2016

Background: The urban community based Maternal, and Child Health-MCH interventions were implemented in district one of Kabul city from 2013 to 2016.  The study intended to assess the changes in mothers’ knowledge, behaviors and practices toward proportions of birth spacing, Ante Natal Care-ANC visits, vaccinations and health care utilization to estimate interventions success.Methods: To measure the success of implemented interventions, the data were collected from the intervention and the control districts.  The district two was selected as control as it had similar demographic characteristics to district one. Semi structured interviews were conducted with randomly selected 341 mothers in district one and 341 mothers from district two.Results: The proportions of mothers who ever wished to utilize a contraceptive method, practiced birth spacing, knowledge about the date that the baby was expected to arrive, preference to give birth in a health facility and completion of all ANC visits were significantly higher in intervention district. Additionally, the proportions of under five children who did not complete all scheduled routine vaccinations were lower in intervention district. It is likely, that implemented interventions have contributed to improve MCH knowledge, attitude and practices in intervention district.Conclusions: The result of study imply that interventions contributed to the increase in mothers’ knowledge and attitude about birth spacing.  The interventions have also improved the level of knowledge about expected date of delivery and attitude to prefer giving birth in health facility.  While, there is still room for improvement as almost half eligible children in intervention district did not complete all scheduled vaccinations.
Effect of socio-demographic characteristics on the morbidity prevalence among the urban poor in a metropolitan city of South India
Authors: Marimuthu Palaniappn , Babu Botha V. , Sekar Kasi , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Manikappa Sanjeevkumar
Published: December 2016

Background: The health needs of the urban poor is a major herculean task to the health system personnel.  Hence, it is attempted to understand the role of age, education and income on the morbidity prevalence among the poor migrants dwelling in the Bangalore slumsMethods: A cross-sectional two-stage cluster random sampling design was used for selecting the slum households from various clusters in Bangalore city.Results: Data were collected from 4005 households in the slums of Bangalore city which consists of 16737 individuals’ information with the average family size of 4.18. Illness were reported as 18.5% (n=1626) and 20.1% (n=1594) for males and females respectively and the difference between these proportions are statistically significant (P=0.008).  Income and educational levels are significantly (P=0.000) associated on the morbidity prevalence.  The infants’ morbidity rate is 17.1 and 38.1 for males and females respectively.Conclusions: The morbidity distribution follows a quadratic pattern.  Income and education have effective role on morbidity prevalence; both the variables are inversely associated on morbidity prevalence. Morbidity prevalence on age is similar to mortality curve.
Prevalence of symptoms of reproductive tract infections among married reproductive age group women in selected rural areas of Hassan, Karnataka, India
Authors: C. Y. Sreelatha , M. Sumana , M. Sundar , Sreeranga Anjan , P. Pavithra
Published: December 2016

Background: STI/RTIs have been recognized as major public and reproductive health challenges worldwide. In developing countries, RTI/STIs are the second or third most common public health problem of young people. A variety of factors that put women at risk of reproductive tract infection, such as socio- economic, demographic, sexual, medical, behavioral practices, personal hygiene behavior  have not been adequately explored in India. An objective of the study was to estimate prevalence of STI/RTI among married reproductive age group women in selected CHCs/PHCs of Hassan District and to understand the influence of various factors on STI/RTI among women.Methods: A community based cross sectional study undertaken over a period of 3 months from May 2016 to July 2016, in rural areas of Hassan. Total of 400 married women in the age group 15-49 years were included in the study. Household survey was done in the selected clusters till 20 women per cluster were identified. Married women of reproductive age group of 15 to 49 years, residing in the study area for past 6 months were included in the study.  Results: The prevalence of STI/RTI among married reproductive women was 32%. Prevalence of vaginal discharge decreased with an increase in age, level of education and income. RTI/STI was observed to be higher in scheduled castes and tribes (35.8% and 33.3%) respectively.  Conclusions: Health education regarding the risk factors of unhygienic menstrual practices, non-institutional deliveries and illegal abortions must be imparted to the women in the study area in order to bring about a behavioral change to protect them from RTI/STI.
Assessment of the eating habits of diabetic patients and consequential evaluation of targeted intervention in Tripolis, Greece
Authors: Stamatopoulou Angeliki , Vasilakou Tonia
Published: December 2016

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a global public health problem. The purposes of this study were: development of healthy eating habits, excellent glycemic control, maintenance ideal body weight, smoking cessation, regular physical exercise, prevention of complications.Methods: A sample of 100 diabetic patients (57% males and 43% females, aged 39-89 years old) was monitored in the Hospital of Tripolis. Patients completed a questionnaire about their eating habits. Body weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) calculation and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured. Follow lifestyle intervention included dietary guidelines.Results: After the intervention significant differences were observed: increases in physical activity (58.95% from 41.0%, p-value = 0.002), duration of exercise (Q1 = 1.0 from 0.5, p-value = 0.023), consumption of breakfast (94.74% from 86.0%, p-value = 0.013 ), daily number of meals (median = 5 from 4, p-value = 0.002), average score of frequency in fats / oils / olive consumption (median = 2.8 from 2.5, p-value <0.001) average score of frequency in fruit consumption (median = 4.0 from 2.5, p-value <0.001), and decreases in weight (Q1 = 73.0 from 74.5, p-value = 0.002), BMI (median = 31.7 from 32.4, p-value = 0.002), waist circumference (median = 106 from 108, p-value <0.001), average score of frequency in grain / starchy / legumes consumption (Q1 = 2.6 from 2.8, p-value = 0.050).Conclusions: This study shows that even small interventions can have the desired results. But it needs perseverance and adaptation of programs to the specific characteristics and cultural beliefs of patients.
Políticas turísticas, territorialización y renovación turística en el municipio de Necochea, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Testa Joaquín
Published: December 2016

Actualmente, los destinos de sol y playa afrontan la necesidad de renovación, razón por la cual muchos gobiernos han impulsado la formulación de políticas para tal fin.El objetivo del trabajo es analizar las políticas turísticas en Necochea (Buenos Aires, Argentina) enfocadas en la renovación de la localidad como destino turístico y su proceso de territorialización, en el contexto de las políticas turísticas nacionales y provinciales. Se propone una metodología basada en variables generales y descriptivas –para el conocimiento de las políticas turísticas en Necochea y su orientación– y variables de análisis centradas en las implicancias territoriales de tales políticas –para la reflexión sobre su incidencia en la renovación de Necochea como destino turístico–, esto con base en su territorialización y alcance.Los resultados permiten distinguir ciertas orientaciones para la política turística en Necochea que se traducen en tendencias territoriales aún incipientes y no tan evidentes, presentándose brechas entre su enunciación y la territorialización.
Construcciones sociales del espacio turístico recreativo. Un estudio interpretativo sobre las prácticas recreativas en el Parque Nacional Molino de Flores Nezahualcóyotl, México
Authors: Hernández Espinosa Rafael , Monterrubio Carlos
Published: December 2016

Como cualquier otro espacio, los espacios turístico-recreativos se construyen socialmente, y dichas construcciones se generan en función de los significados, las prácticas e interacciones de quienes los visitan, principalmente. Desde esta premisa, este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer las construcciones sociales, turísticas y recreativas de un destino en particular mediante la observación y el análisis de la experiencia, las prácticas y las interacciones sociales de sus visitantes. Los hallazgos se discuten a partir de un caso de estudio en el Parque Nacional Molino de Flores Nezahualcóyotl, México. A partir de las interacciones con el lugar y con los otros, el lugar es construido por los visitantes como un espacio de recreación familiar y de observación cultural, principalmente.
La formación en cultura turística en instituciones educativas: un aporte del programa “colegios amigos del turismo” en Colombia
Authors: Díaz Chaparro Anaid , Machado Rodrigo
Published: December 2016

El propósito de este artículo es analizar algunas características que identifican cómo las instituciones educativas pueden desarrollar la cultura turística en los estudiantes desde la formación en las áreas de Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias Naturales, los estándares básicos de competencias que por ley cualquier institución educativa del país debe orientar y el Maletín Viajero como estrategia pedagógica. Para ello, se aborda el proceso realizado en dos colegios que participaron en el Programa Colegios Amigos del Turismo (CAT): las instituciones educativas Francisco Serrano Muñoz, ubicada en el municipio de San Juan Girón (Santander), y San José de Luruaco, localizada en el municipio de Luruaco (Atlántico). Los resultados permitieron identificar las actividades que fortalecen la cultura turística con base en la dinámica de cada institución.
La eco ruta cultural Mojanda-Cochasquí: una propuesta de desarrollo turístico sostenible para la zona rural de la provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador
Authors: Villacís Mejía M.Sc. María Cristina , Cantos Aguirre M.Sc. Enriqueta , Pons García Dr. Roberto Carmelo , Ludeña Villacís Ing. Luis Humberto
Published: December 2016

El Ministerio de Turismo del Ecuador ha identificado un número considerable de destinos a los que se debe dotar de facilidades turísticas, planes de ordenamiento territorial, señalización turística, servicios y capacitación de sus recursos humanos, sobre todo con la finalidad de beneficiar a las poblaciones locales por medio del desarrollo turístico de estas zonas. La Dirección de Rutas de este Ministerio determinó las rutas turísticas que contribuyen a identificar el territorio, esto sobre la base de un conjunto de criterios establecidos. Entre dichos destinos se encuentra la Eco Ruta Cultural Mojanda-Cochasquí.En esta investigación se establece el concepto de ecorruta cultural en un escenario de proliferación de nuevas ofertas turísticas a nivel local y nacional. La propuesta apunta a dinamizar la economía de la zona que abarca la Eco Ruta Mojanda-Cochasquí mediante la articulación del potencial económicoproductivo, con los recursos turísticos identificados en ella, de manera que se favorezca la participación de los actores locales en esta construcción. Para ello, el estudio propone revisar la documentación relacionada con la Eco Ruta objeto de análisis, así como un estudio empírico que incluye la realización de un trabajo de campo con carácter participativo en toda el área.
Variáveis que Influenciam Experiências de Consumo dos Clientes de uma Cooperativa
Variables Influencing Customers Consumer Experiences of a Cooperative
Authors: Oliveira Tomás Trevisan , Ibdaiwi Thiago Kader Rajeh , Almeida Damiana Machado de , Ribeiro Claudete Fogliato , Goulart Sheila De Oliveira
Published: December 2016

O artigo possui como tema as experiências de consumo vivenciadas pelos clientes de uma cooperativa da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Tem como objetivo identificar as variáveis que influenciam as experiências de consumo dessas pessoas em um supermercado agropecuário. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizado o instrumento adaptado de Ceribelli (2011), contento 25 questões, o qual foi aplicado em 50 indivíduos, sendo que estes escolhidos aleatoriamente. A análise dos dados foi dividida em três etapas: na primeira, caracterizou-se a empresa; na segunda, foi conhecido o perfil dos pesquisados e, por fim, foram identificados os atributos de satisfação dos consumidores e suas experiências de compras. Dentre as constatações do trabalho, destaca-se a identificação dos elementos das experiências de consumo do ponto de vista da satisfação do consumidor. Das vinte e cinco questões aplicadas, foram analisadas as cinco melhores avaliadas pelos pesquisados: segurança no setor, confiança no setor, cordialidade dos funcionários, atendimento de ótima qualidade e a alta qualidade dos produtos. As cinco piores avaliadas foram: localização do setor, preço dos produtos, fachada do setor, promoções e marcas diferentes de produtos. Conclui-se que, a identificação de uma série de elementos de consumo dos clientes, podem aumentar a satisfação no seguimento varejista agropecuário, de forma a orientar os gestores a focar em controle e melhoria permanente da organização.
O Fator Institucional pode Afetar Valores e Comportamentos segundo a lógica Mercantilista e a Dinâmica Organizacional? Um estudo realizado sobre o Ensino Superior Privado em Administração
The institutional factor can affect values and behaviors according to the mercantilist logic and organizational dynamics? A study on the private higher education in management
Authors: Kochhann Shaiane Caroline , Rodrigues Luis Adriano , Moiseichyk Ana Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

As mudanças organizacionais vêm intrigando institucionalistas e gerando a necessidade pela busca do entendimento aos desafios enfrentados pelo mundo dos negócios. É neste sentido, que, frente a um mercado cada vez mais competitivo e em constante crescimento, surge a necessidade das universidades privadas buscarem aprimorar seus métodos de ensino, bem como, se adequarem as exigências voltadas aos seus clientes e ao mercado. O método possui caráter quantitativo exploratório. O estudo foi aplicado com 216 alunos do curso de Administração, em duas universidades privadas, localizadas no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Partindo-se do ponto vista, de que organizações possuem uma cultura própria, na qual as mantém ativas dentro do contexto mercadológico, buscou-se responder o questionamento: Os valores, os princípios, a qualidade e as normas defendidas pelas instituições de ensino superior são condizentes com as expectativas dos discentes? Como objetivo geral, buscou-se identificar o posicionamento e a visão dos alunos frente a sua instituição de ensino, e com isto, averiguar de forma prática no que interfere os fatores institucionais. Como resultados, foi possível diagnosticar que Instituições de Ensino Superior Privado, usufruem de diversos fatores como valores, princípios, qualidade e as normas/padrões de conduta sobre seus negócios, onde o fator institucional se torna aparente, além de ser percebida como uma estratégia competitiva de mercado.
A influência dos princípios e valores dos fundadores e das relações de poder na cultura organizacional em uma cooperativa médica
The influence of principles and values of founders and relations of power in organizational culture in a medical cooperative
Authors: Nishi Juliana Mayumi , Flaviano Viviane , Löbler Mauri Leodir
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre os valores e princípios dos fundadores juntamente com a relação de poder na cultura organizacional de uma cooperativa médica. Os temas sobre cultura e poder organizacional, atrelado à figura do fundador, têm sido objeto de muitos estudos, e reunido conceitos e ideias, bem como provocado interpretações a respeito do que realmente esta figura significa dentro do ambiente organizacional. Observa-se assim, a ampla existência de definições quanto ao tema, bem como também as múltiplas posturas adotadas para o alcance do desempenho por meio da constituição destas culturas e das relações de poder inerentes. A figura dos fundadores empresariais, como transmissores de suas motivações e projetos pessoais no desenvolvimento da organização, tem contribuído para a análise do poder e da importância destas culturas. Os resultados mostraram que a influência dos fundadores é significativa no início da organização, quando estes ainda estão presentes, exercendo algum cargo de gestão, porém esta relação diminui gradativamente. As reflexões apresentadas neste artigo podem servir como um ponto de partida para outros pesquisadores que estão interessados na investigação e construção de novas teorias sobre o assunto.
Analisis Kesulitan Mahasiswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Geometri Berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom dan Alternatif Pemecahannya
Authors: Yuwono Muhammad Ridlo
Published: December 2016

[Bahasa]: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiagnosis kesulitan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal geometri berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom dan alternatif pemecahannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode tes dan wawancara. Peneliti mengambil tiga subjek untuk diwawancarai. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat jenis kesulitan yaitu: 1). Pada tingkat pemahaman, mahasiswa kesulitan memahami konsep tinggi dan alas jajargenjang. Alternatif pemecahannya dengan menggunakan model penilaian Assessment for Learning (AfL); 2). Pada tingkat penerapan, mahasiswa kesulitan menerapkan konsep kesebangunan bangun datar untuk menyelesaikan soal. Alternatif pemecahannya dengan model penilaian Assessment for Learning (AfL); 3). Pada tingkat analisis, mahasiswa kesulitan membuktikan rumus luas daerah segitiga dengan menggunakan pendekatan luas daerah jajargenjang. Alternatif penyelesaiannya dengan pembelajaran Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL); 4). Pada tingkat evaluasi, mahasiswa kesulitan dalam memberikan penilaian terhadap suatu permasalahan disertai dengan alasan yang logis. Alternatif pemecahannya adalah dengan pembelajaran yang menggunakan model penilaian peer-assesment.

[English]: This study aims to diagnose undergraduate student’s difficulties in solving geometry problems based on Bloom's Taxonomy and find alternative solutions. This study is a descriptive study using qualitative approach. Data collection is conducted through test and interview. The subject of this study is 3 students. There are four difficulties found in this study, they are: 1). At the level of comprehension, the students are difficult to comprehend the concept of height and length of parallelogram. The alternative solution is to apply Assessment for Learning (AfL) model; 2). At the application level, the students have difficulty in applying the congruency concept of plane to solve the problem. The alternative solution is Assessment for Learning (AfL) model; 3). At the level of analysis, the students have difficulty in proving the formula of area of a triangle using parallelogram area. The alternative solution is to apply Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL); 4.) At the evaluation level, the students have difficulty in providing assessment of a problem with a logical reason. The alternative solution is to use peer-assessment model of learning.
Recycling of Rolling Stocks
Authors: Favoretto Silva Rafael , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: December 2016

This review paper highlights feasible and practicable approaches for managing end-of-life rolling stocks. It aims to promote and enable sustainable procurement policy for rolling stocks. Firstly, it demonstrates that modern rolling stocks can potentially gain the environmental benefits since almost all of their materials used in the rolling stock manufacturing can be recycled and reused. In this study, brief definition and concept of various train types are introduced and discussed, accompanied by some demonstrative illustrations. Then, component analyses, recovery rates and percent proportion of each material in various rolling stock assemblies have been evaluated. The estimation of material quantities that can potentially be recycled has been carried out using industry data sources. The suitable management procedures for end-of-life rail vehicles are then discussed, together with the life cycle of the key materials in which the recyclability criteria take into account the environmental risks and the best and safest approaches to deal with them. The aim of this study is to increase the awareness of the public, train manufacturers and rail industries on the benefits to the environments from rolling stock recycling, which could result in sustainable society and urban livings.
Nano Metal Dioxide Incorporated Conversion Phosphate Coatings—A Chemical Approach
Authors: Bagal Nilesh S. , Kathavate Vaibhav S. , Deshpande Pravin P.
Published: December 2016

The present study aims at deposition of zinc phosphate coatings with the incorporation of nano Titanium dioxide particles by chemical phosphating method. Zinc phosphate coatings were developed on low carbon steel by using nano TiO2 in the standard phosphating bath. The Coated low carbon steel samples were assessed for corrosion studies using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarisation techniques in 3.5% NaCl solution. Chemical composition of the coatings was analysed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Significant variations in the coating weight, porosity and corrosion resistance were observed with the addition of nano TiO2 in the phosphating bath. Corrosion rate of nano TiO2 incorporated chemical phosphate coated samples was found to be 3.5 mpy which was 4 times less than the bare uncoated low carbon steel (~14 mpy). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies revels in the reduction of porosity in nano TiO2 phosphate coated samples. It was found that nano TiO2 particles in the phosphating solution yielded phosphate coatings of higher coating weight, greater surface coverage and enhanced corrosion resistance than the normal zinc phosphate coatings (developed using normal phosphating bath).
On the Wave Solutions of Conformable Fractional Evolution Equations
Authors: Korkmaz Alper
Published: December 2016

The exact solutions in the wave form are derived for the time fractional KdV and the time fractional Burgers' equations in conformable fractional derivative sense. The fractional variable change using the fundamental properties of the conformable derivative reduces both equations to some nonlinear ODEs. The predicted solution is assumed to be a finite series form of a function satisfying a particular first-order ODE whose solution contains an exponential function in the denominator. The solutions are represented in the explicit forms and illustrated by some choices of the parameters for various fractional orders of the equations.
Implementation of the Death Penalty in the Perspective of Human Rights in Indonesia
Authors: Sina La
Published: December 2016

The 1945 Constitution of Indonesia provides for rights to life and to remain free from torture that are fundamental human rights that shall not be curtailed under any circumstance. Since 1945, Indonesia does not regulate the protection of the right of life to the citizens. Until 1946, enacted Law No. 1 of 1946 concerning the Indonesian Criminal Code which in several provisions concerning the death penalty. Death sentences and executions in Indonesia is always debatable. However, it is still implemented and can not be avoided, unless the change of its legal provisions. This study was a normative research or doctrinal research. The results of the study shows that the provisions of death penalty in Indonesia is still enforced because have been regulated in the Criminal Code and several organic laws such as the law of terrorism, narcotics, corruption, and human rights justice. The death penalty is contrary to Article 28I of the 1945 Constitution. It has set the rights to life, so that no one may violate human rights, including the government and the country is not granted the right to revoke rights for every citizen. The Indonesian government should not impose the death penalty contained in the draft new Code, and abolish the death penalty in its organic law that had been imposed on the offenders. Preferably, the death penalty may be replaced by alternative punishment with life imprisonment, a prison within a specified time or according to the judge’s decision.
The Development Standard Agreement Influences on National and International Business Practices
Authors: Cindawati Cindawati
Published: December 2016

The rapidly growing business traffic either nationally or internationally forces the business practices to establish a standard agreement to secure the products and to protect the buyer from any risks. The standard agreement successfully meets the demand of international trade which urgently need the high speed and the accuracy. The objective of this research is to find out how does the development of agreement affect to the commerce practices and what are the requirements of standard agreement in accordance with the right and obligation. A qualitative method is applied in searching data of business practices. This study uses a normative research which guides the rule of law or determines some business standards and norms. The finding of this study show that the development of agreement strongly affects to the commerce practices, and standar agreement is urgently needed by business practices as a guideline to perform business traffic as smooth as buyer and seller expect, then both seller and buyer should know the three alternative way used as the procedures of standard agreement, namely; contract signing, notification document agreement, and notification by bulletin board. At last, a standard agreement could be accepted as legal agreement corresponding to willingness and trustworthy.
An Approach of Legisprudence Theory to Assess the Quality of Local Regulation
Authors: Arie Marthen
Published: December 2016

The applicable law (as a result of legislation) is not always a reflection of the society concerned. Local regulations in the area were impressed into law to be “forced” because it does not conform to the spirit and characteristics of the society. The formation of local regulation is increasingly complex and complicated when the process and its substance beside cannot be separated from the political process, it is also cannot be separated from social processes. The problematic of local regulation formation is indicated by the fact that the authorized institution to arrange the local regulation is still not sufficient to produce products of high quality local laws. Legisprudence theory may open new perspectives on the validity of norm or legitimacy of norm and by course using this approach the quality of local regulations will be more qualified. Although a political approach is more into the heart in the legislative process but legislation and regulation can be an important object. Legal theory is not only a basis on enforcement or implementation of the rule of law, but it is very useful theory in law-making.
Preparation of International Business Contracts in Facing the ASEAN Economic Community Era
Authors: Sahlan Sahlan
Published: December 2016

This article reviews the preparation for composing and formulating the international business contracts in facing the ASEAN Economic Community era. The study used the normative approach by collecting the materials related to the international business contracts. The outcomes of the research indicate that constitutionally, the Indonesian government must provide protection and equitable legal certainty for Indonesian citizens who intend to conduct business transactions within the framework of AEC. Format and writing techniques of international business contracts is compulsory known by the business people and their legal consultants that they do not suffer losses due to errors in the preparing of contract that violates the rules and provisions of international business contract.
Own the Bone, a System-Based Intervention, Improves Osteoporosis Care After Fragility Fractures
Authors: Bunta Andrew D. , Edwards Beatrice J. , Macaulay William B. , Jeray Kyle J. , Tosi Laura L. , Jones Clifford B. , Sietsema Debra L. , Kaufman John D. , Murphy Sarah A. , Song Juhee , Goulet James A. , Friedlaender Gary E. , Swiontkowski Marc F. , Dirschl Douglas R.
Published: December 2016

Background:

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the American Orthopaedic Association’s Own the Bone secondary fracture prevention program in the United States.

Methods:

The objective of this quality improvement cohort study was dissemination of Own the Bone and implementation of secondary prevention (osteoporosis pharmacologic and bone mineral density [BMD] test recommendations). The main outcome measures were the number of sites implementing Own the Bone and implementation of secondary prevention, i.e., orders for BMD testing and/or pharmacologic treatment. The 177 sites participating in the program were academic and community hospitals, orthopaedic surgery groups, and a health system; data were obtained from the first 125 sites utilizing its registry, between January 1, 2010, and March 31, 2015. It included all patients, aged 50 years or older, presenting with fragility fractures (n = 23,132) who were enrolled in the Own the Bone web-based registry. The interventions were education, development of program elements, dissemination, implementation, and evaluation of the Own the Bone program at participating sites.

Results:

A growing number of institutions implemented Own the Bone (14 sites in 2005-2006 to 177 sites in 2015). After consultation, 53% of patients had a BMD test ordered and/or pharmacologic therapy for osteoporosis.

Conclusions:

The Own the Bone intervention has succeeded in improving the behaviors of medical professionals in the areas of osteoporosis treatment and counseling, BMD testing, initiation of pharmacotherapy, and coordination of care for patients who have experienced a fragility fracture.
Effect of Body Mass Index on Reoperation and Complications After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , Kamath Atul F. , Fruth Kristin , Harmsen William S. , Berry Daniel J.
Published: December 2016

Background:

High body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased rates of complications after total knee arthroplasty. To date, to our knowledge, studies have examined risk as a dichotomous variable using specific BMI thresholds. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify implant survival and the risk of common complications after total knee arthroplasty using BMI as a continuous variable.

Methods:

Using prospectively collected data from our institutional total joint registry, we analyzed 22,289 consecutive knees, in 16,136 patients, treated with primary total knee arthroplasty from 1985 to 2012. The mean BMI of these patients at the time of the surgical procedure was 31.3 kg/m2 (range, 11 to 69 kg/m2). The Kaplan-Meier survival method was used to estimate survivorship, reoperations, and common complications, with associations of outcomes assessed using a Cox regression model.

Results:

Utilizing smoothing spline parameterization, we found that reoperation (p < 0.001) and implant revision or removal rates (p < 0.001) increased with increasing BMI after total knee arthroplasty. Increasing BMI also was associated with increased rates of wound infection (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; p < 0.001) and deep infection (HR, 1.08; p < 0.001) per unit of BMI over 35 kg/m2. A BMI of 35 to 40 kg/m2 was associated with a higher rate of implant revision for aseptic loosening (p < 0.001) and for polyethylene wear (p < 0.001) compared with a BMI of 18 to 24.99 kg/m2. There was no correlation between BMI and risk of venous thromboembolism, tibiofemoral instability, or need for knee manipulation.

Conclusions:

The rates of reoperation, implant revision or removal, and many common complications after total knee arthroplasty were strongly associated with BMI.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A comparative anatomic study of leaves of the genus Stachys L. in Iraq
Authors: AL-Zubaedy Zainab A.A. , AL-Musawi Ali H.E. , Al-Mousawi Ali H.A
Published: December 2016

The anatomic characteristics of the leaves of 22 taxa of Stachys L. representing seven of the currently recognized sections distributed in northern Iraq, were examined. The study did not found any variations in the characteristics of the stomata system of the leaves.Therewere variations with a good taxonomic value in other anatomic characteristics.Thevariations in characters of the mesophyll tissue in S.kurdica var.brevidens Bom ex Bhattacharjeewas bifacial but in S.kurdica var.kurdica Boiss. & Hohen.was unifacial .The study also found that the taxa S.benthamiana Bioss., S.lanigera (Bornm.) Rech.f. andS.kotscyi Bioss. with 3 vascular bundles in the middle vein while the taxa S.ballotiformis Vatke., S.megalodonta Hausskn. &Bornm.exP.H.Davis and S.kurdica with one only. The spescies S.lavandulifoliaVahle.had a cross section of V shape that did not seen in other studied taxa. The results showed evidence were useful in separating between species within the same section.
Measurement of Uranium Concentrations in soil of some regions in south east of Baghdad using nuclear track detector (CR-39)
Authors: AL-Ani Nidhala H.K. , M. H Hala
Published: December 2016

???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? 0-3cm, 10cm, 20cm, 30cm, 40cm ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? CR-39??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? n.cm-2.s-1 5 x 103?? ?????? ?????????? Am241- Be??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? 0.881±0.086??? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ???0.441±0.036 ??? ?? ???????
A Study of Epiphytic and Epipelic Algae in Al-Dora Site/Tigris River in Bagdad Province- Iraq
Authors: AL-Hassany Jinan S. , Hindi Marwa T.
Published: December 2016

There is a scarcity of data regarding algal flora of Tigris River in the territory of Baghdad. The present study deals with Tigris River in Al-Dora site in Baghdad province from November 2014 to June 2015 in order to shed light on its epiphytic Algae on (Phragmites australis) and epipelic algae. An amount of 183 and 154 species of epiphytic and epipelic algae are identified respectfully. The Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) are the dominant algal group followed by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Moreover, 90 species are shared between two groups of algae (epiphytic and epipelic) and identified at the study site. Additionally, the seasonal variations and diversity of algal species are noticed. The highest number of epiphytic algae is 772.05 x 104 (cell/gm) in winter and the lowest number is 161.13 x 104 (cell/gm) in Summer; where as the highest number of epipelic algae is 20.07 x 104 (cell/ cm²) in Winter and the lowest number is 6.53 x 104 (cell/ cm²) in Summer.
Effect of Soil Textural Classes on the Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Bradyrhizobium Measured by 15N Dilution Analysis
Authors: Al-Saedi Suad A. , Razaq Ibrahim B. , Ali Norrya A.
Published: December 2016

The current study was conductedas a pot experiment to determine the effect of soil texture on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of six most efficient local isolates, specified, of Bradyrhizobium. Cowpea (Vignaunguiculata L.), as a legume host crop, was used as a host crop and 15N dilution analysis was used for accurate determination of the amount of N biologically fixed under experimental parameters specified. Soils used are clay loam, sandy clay loam and sandy loam. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF), in different soil textural classes, was as in the following order: medium texture soil > heavy texture soil > light textured soil. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant variation in BNF % among six Iraqi isolates in the three soil textural classes. There is a significant variation in the number of the nodules of the six Isolates in one soil texture. However, nodules number does not agree with the BNF% in the same soil for any isolates. Statistical analysis of the data showed that there were significant differences in plant dry weight among the soil textural classes all over local isolates used in this study. Data also showed that there were significant differences in dry weight under different isolates.
Synthesis, Spectral and Dyeing Performance Studies of 4-(2-Aminmo-5-nitro-phenylazo)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one Complexes with Some Metal Ions
Authors: Jarad Amer J.
Published: December 2016

The ligand 4-(2-aminmo-5-nitro-phenylazo)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 4-nitroaniline was synthesized. The synthesized ligand was characterized by 1HNMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra and (C.H.N) analysis. Complexes of (YIII and LaIII ) with the ligand were prepared in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio and at optimum pH. The prepared complexes were characterized by using flame atomic absorption, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra,(C.H.N) analysis and conductivity measurement. The stoichiometry of complexes was studied by the mole ratio and job methods. A concentration range (1×10-4 - 3×10-4 M) obeyed Beer's law, the complex solutions show high values of molar absorption. On the basis of physicochemical data octahedral geometries were attributed for the complexes. All prepared compounds exhibited good antibacterial activity, the ligand and their complexes were application to cotton fabric and study of the detergent fastness
Managing core university business performance in the wake of ‘fees must fall’ context: a legitimacy theoretical perspective
Authors: Msweli Pumela , Hutton Timothy
Published: December 2016

This paper uses the legitimacy theory as a lens to identify the most sustainable performance model to defend and maintain the legitimacy of higher education institutions in the midst of ‘fees must fall’ crisis. The body of evidence presented demonstrates that universities have at least seven critical stakeholders that control resources needed for survival, growth and legitimacy. Using this evidence, this study builds a model that looks at the impact of fee income and workload on success. The model was tested using annual time series panel data for the period 2009-2013 across 23 public universities in South Africa. The model examined the effect of fee income and workload on success rate. Basing the arguments on the notion that students are a critical constituency, with a strong influence on the amount of fee income an institution may amass, the model tested the relationship between performance and fee income using success rate as a proxy for performance. The findings showed that not only is fee income a stronger predictor of success rate, but also that fee income is negatively related to success rate of students. Policy implications of the findings are discussed.
Keywords: higher education, fee income, institutional theory, performance legitimation, workload model. JEL Classification: I23, D31, L26
Insights and challenges of strategy and its financial component execution in the public sector
Authors: Mkhabela Phumla , Tarisayi Chikandiwa Christopher
Published: December 2016

There is a growing need to understand how leaders can initiate changes that address the problems of strategy execution. The current article attempts to address the issues that concern strategy implementation. As such, a study was carried out in a local municipality. The results of the study highlighted several important factors: the difficulty of understanding the organizational strategy, the detriment of the strategy and operations gap, as well as the financial challenges faced during the implementation of the strategy. It was, therefore, recommended that the leadership should ensure effective communication of the organizational strategy. Furthermore, there is a need for bridging the strategy and the operational divide.
Keywords: strategy and operational implementation, municipality, vision, municipal financial challenges and effective communication. JEL Classification: E6, L21, L80