bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Étude stylistique et philosophique de l’oxymore dans La belle ordure de Simone Chaput
Authors: Sechin Anne
Published: August 2016

Simone Chaput nous présente dans son roman La belle ordure (2010) un oxymore avant même que nous entrions dans le texte, puisque le titre lui-même est oxymorique et intertextuel. Comme à son habitude, Simone Chaput se distingue dans ce roman par la précision prenante de son style qui repose pourtant sur des outils simples, dont les échos créés par des tensions binaires apparemment inconciliables et les mêmes images qui reviennent presque obsessionnellement. Dans cette exploration du difficile rapport au réel, le lecteur oscille dangereusement entre, d’une part, la menace d’une mystification poétique, gratuite et esthète, et, d’autre part, la lucidité froide, implacable et cynique. Comment faire sens du bonheur? Comment l’horreur, au plan planétaire et au plan intimement individuel, peut-elle cohabiter si étroitement avec l’amour en plénitude, avec la compassion, la beauté, la générosité et le don de soi? Dans un roman où chaque mot ne prend son sens qu’avec son contraire, l’amour et la guerre, l’innocence et le savoir, le prédateur et la proie, la cruauté et la douceur, l’éphémère et le durable, le mythe et le réel, seule une intelligibilité oxymorique semble se frayer un chemin dans ces enjeux contemporains et leur négociation paradoxale.
La Suite manitobaine, entre reconnaissance de soi et effet de familiarité
Authors: Valenti Jean
Published: August 2016

Reconnaissance de soi et effet de familiarité croisent souvent la thématique de l’identité dans le discours critique sur la dramaturgie francophone de l’Ouest canadien. Et pourtant, leur explication n’y fait guère l’objet d’une analyse conséquente. Cet article cherche à pallier cette lacune en prenant pour corpus laSuite manitobainedu dramaturge Roger Auger. L’auteur montre que deux grandes fonctions sémiotiques (la hiérarchisation et l’intégration des oeuvres dramatiques) constituent l’une des clefs de cette explication du point de vue de la culture littéraire du spectateur. La description d’un ensemble de traces mémorielles et de médiations symboliques (lefranglais, le réalisme social et la référence à un modèle familial) permet d’expliquer la première fonction. L’analyse du conflit familial au coeur deJe m’en vais à Régina, jette, elle, une lumière sur la seconde.
La coopération université-entreprises dans les dispositifs alternés : entre partenariat et effet de reliances
Authors: Boudjaoui Mehdi
Published: August 2016

Les partenariats en éducation se sont développés en milieu scolaire dans les années 1990 afin d’apporter des réponses à de nouveaux problèmes socio-éducatifs. Néanmoins, pour les pédagogues de la formation en alternance, ils constituent depuis longtemps la condition sine qua non d’une alternance réellement éducative et professionnalisante. En ayant recours à la sociologie de la traduction et à la notion de reliance, nous aimerions nuancer ce discours. À partir de l’analyse de deux dispositifs alternés universitaires, nous mettons en évidence qu’un partenariat quasi fusionnel avec un milieu professionnel ne garantit pas forcément un développement professionnel harmonieux, et que l’absence de partenariat n’est pas toujours le synonyme d’une absence de professionnalisation.
Estimating dense water volume and its evolution for the year 2012–2013 in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea: An observing system simulation experiment approach
Authors: Waldman Robin , Somot Samuel , Herrmann Marine , Testor Pierre , Estournel Claude , Sevault Florence , Prieur Louis , Mortier Laurent , Coppola Laurent , Taillandier Vincent , Conan Pascal , Dausse Denis
Published: August 2016

The Northwestern Mediterranean (NWMed) Sea includes one of the best observed ocean deep convection sites in the World. An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is developed to provide a methodology for estimating observing network errors. It is applied to quantify dense water volumes in the NWMed during 2012–2013 with their observation error from MOOSE network. Results from the OSSE show low spatiotemporal sampling errors, which confirms MOOSE network ability to measure dense waters. However, results are highly sensitive to instrumental stability. The dense water volume is then estimated in observations from four ship cruises between summers 2012 and 2013. A large seasonal cycle is found, maximal in spring 2013 and dominated by the area west of 6.5°E. The dense water volume (
) is stable between summer 2012 (
) and winter 2013 (
). It increases dramatically in spring 2013 (
) due to an intense convective event, and it finally decreases rapidly in summer 2013 (
) due to restratification and spreading. We estimate an open‐sea dense water formation (DWF) rate of
between summer 2012 and spring 2013 over the studied area, extrapolated to
over the whole NWMed Sea and for the optimal timing. This is to our knowledge the highest measured DWF rate, suggesting winter 2013 was exceptionally convective. The observed restratification rate between spring and summer 2013 is
. This study provides robust quantifications of deep convection during an exceptional event that will allow to evaluate numerical simulations.
Particle size effect on the catalyst attrition in a lab‐scale fluidized bed
Authors: Wu Dongfang , Wu Fanghua , Li Yongdan
Published: August 2016

Catalysts readily suffer from particle attrition in fluidized beds. In this article, a commercial fluid catalytic cracking catalyst was sieved into several particle‐size intervals to investigate the size effect on particle attrition. It is shown that an exponential decay equation presents a suitable description of attrition and that catalyst attrition is dependent on particle size. Steady‐state specific attrition rate decreases with increasing particle size; however, initial specific attrition rate and decay time parameter change irregularly. For comparison of attrition resistances, a long attrition test is required to reach steady‐state attrition, and the steady‐state specific attrition rate is recommended. It is seen that the smallest particle‐size interval is the most seriously attrited, while the two largest particle‐size intervals are the most attrition‐resistant. Furthermore, weak interactions appear among attrition behaviors of different intervals, and a linear combination method is effective to combine all interval samples to predict the attrition of the original full‐sized sample. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 914–920, 2017
Bu4NI‐Catalyzed and tBuOOH‐Oxidized Esterification of Aldehydes with Alkyl Halides in Water
Authors: Wang Qian‐Qian , Wang Zhang‐Xin , Xu Yuan‐Shuang , Zhang Xin‐Ying , Fan Xue‐Sen
Published: August 2016

The importance of esters has stimulated significant efforts to develop efficient methods for their synthesis. In this study, an oxidative esterification of aldehydes with alkyl halides by using tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as an oxidant, Bu4NI as catalyst, and water as solvent is presented. Notably, this novel esterification protocol is suitable for both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, primary and secondary alkyl halides to give ester products with broad structural diversity. Through an intramolecular version of this novel esterification process, an alternative synthetic approach toward the biologically interesting isobenzofuran‐1(3 H)‐one was also realized. Compared with literature procedures, the synthetic strategies developed herein showed advantages such as direct use of commercially available and economical starting materials, wide substrate scope, good tolerance of functional groups, sustainable oxidant, and no need of an inert atmosphere or dry solvents.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Cyclopenta[c]furans by a Catalytic Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Pathipati Stalin R. , van der Werf Angela , Eriksson Lars , Selander Nicklas
Published: August 2016

A diastereoselective three‐component reaction between alkynyl enones, aldehydes and secondary amines is reported. With the aid of a benign indium catalyst, a range of highly substituted cyclopenta[c]furan derivatives can be obtained in a single‐step procedure. The formation of the stereodefined heterocyclic motifs takes place via in situ generation of enamines followed by two sequential cyclization steps.
A low cost field‐survey method for mapping seagrasses and their potential threats: an example from the northern Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea
Authors: Winters Gidon , Edelist Dor , Shem‐Tov Rachamim , Beer Sven , Rilov Gil
Published: August 2016

1. In the Gulf of Aqaba (GoA), coral reefs are considered the dominating ecosystem, while seagrass meadows, recognized worldwide as important ecosystems, have received little attention. Absence of comprehensive seagrass maps limits awareness, evaluations of associated ecosystem services, and implementation of conservation and management tools.

2. Presented here are the first detailed maps of seagrass meadows along the Israeli coast of the northern GoA. Mapping was performed by snorkelling along transects perpendicular to the shore above meadows growing at 15–25 m. Measurements along these transects included position, meadow depth and visual estimations of seagrass cover. Shallow boundaries of meadows, parallel to shore, were recorded by GPS tracking. Supplementary work included drop‐camera boat surveys to determine the position of the deeper edge of meadows. In addition, GIS layers were created that indicated shoreline infrastructures, near‐shore human activities and potential pollution threats. Ecosystem services of seagrass meadows mapped were valuated using a benefit transfer approach.

3. In total, 9.7 km of the 11 km shoreline were surveyed and 2830 data points collected. Seagrasses were growing along 7.5 km of the shoreline, with shallow (15–25 m) meadows found to cover an area of 707 000 m2 and valued at more than US$ 2 000 000 yr‐1 in associated ecosystem services. Pilot drop‐camera surveys (additional 283 data points) indicated that meadows can extend down to 50 m in some places. Coastal uses and threats varied in character and location. A municipality runoff point and drainage canal located close to the largest meadow were identified as the main threats to local seagrasses.

4. These low‐cost methods enhance our understanding of seagrass distribution in the northern GoA. They demonstrate a GIS‐based tool for assessing how environmental changes might affect the cover and state of seagrasses, improving efforts to conserve seagrass, and have particular relevance to seagrass mapping in developing countries and/or island nations.

Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PPII Helical Peptidomimetics Templated by Cation–π Interactions
Authors: Craven Timothy W. , Bonneau Richard , Kirshenbaum Kent
Published: August 2016

Poly‐proline type II (PPII) helical PXXP motifs are the recognition elements for a variety of protein–protein interactions that are critical for cellular signaling. Despite development of protocols for locking peptides into α‐helical and β‐strand conformations, there remains a lack of analogous methods for generating mimics of PPII helical structures. We describe herein a strategy to enforce PPII helical secondary structure in the 19‐residue TrpPlexus miniature protein. Through sequence variation, we showed that a network of cation–π interactions could drive the formation of PPII helical conformations for both peptide and N‐substituted glycine peptoid residues. The achievement of chemically diverse PPII helical scaffolds provides a new route towards discovering peptidomimetic inhibitors of protein–protein interactions mediated by PXXP motifs.
An Electrochemical Method for the Detection of Disease‐Specific Exosomes
Authors: Yadav Sharda , Boriachek Kseniia , Islam Md Nazmul , Lobb Richard , Möller Andreas , Hill Michelle M. , Hossain Md Shahriar Al , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Shiddiky Muhammad J. A.
Published: August 2016

Exosomes are cell‐derived vesicles secreted by both normal and cancerous cells into the extracellular matrix and in blood circulation. Tumor‐derived exosomes have attracted increasing attention in noninvasive cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, their effective capture and specific detection pose significant technical challenges. Current detection methods largely fail to quantify the tumor‐derived exosomes present in the total (bulk) exosome population derived from body fluids of cancer patients. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we report an electrochemical detection method to directly quantify the disease‐specific exosomes present in cell culture media. The assay has a two‐step design, where bulk exosome populations are initially captured by using a generic antibody (i.e. tetraspanin biomarker, CD9). Subsequent detection of the cancer‐specific exosomes within the captured exosomes was carried out by using a cancer‐specific antibody, in this case, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2) antibody, allowing quantification of HER2‐postive, breast‐cancer‐derived exosomes. This approach exhibits excellent specificity for HER‐2(+) BT‐474 cell‐derived exosomes (detection limit, 4.7×105 exosomes μL−1) with a relative standard deviation of <4.9 % (n=3). We suggest that this simple and inexpensive electrochemical method could be an alternative for the quantification of exosome subpopulations in specific disease settings for future clinical bioassays.
Eye‐Catching Dual‐Fluorescent Dynamic Metal–Organic Framework Senses Traces of Water: Experimental Findings and Theoretical Correlation
Authors: Bhattacharya Biswajit , Halder Arijit , Paul Lopa , Chakrabarti Swapan , Ghoshal Debajyoti
Published: August 2016

A guest‐dependent dynamic fivefold interpenetrated 3D porous metal–organic framework (MOF) of ZnII ions has been synthesized that exhibits selective carbon dioxide adsorption. Furthermore, the MOF shows excellent luminescence behavior, which is supported by a systematic study on the guest‐responsive multicolor emission of a suspension of the MOF. The dual‐emission behavior arises from the excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), and the compound also shows remarkable potential to detect traces of water in various organic solvents. The experimental observations were also painstakingly authenticated by using time‐dependent density‐functional‐theory (DFT) calculations.
Gold‐Catalyzed Fluorination–Hydration: Synthesis of α‐Fluorobenzofuranones from 2‐Alkynylphenol Derivatives
Authors: Wang Qiang , Jiang Yu , Sun Run , Tang Xiang‐Ying , Shi Min
Published: August 2016

The AuI‐catalyzed fluorination–hydration of 2‐alkynylphenol derivatives in the presence of Selectfluor [1‐chloromethyl‐4‐fluoro‐1,4‐diazoniabicyclo‐[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate)] has been developed. This method provides straightforward access to α‐fluorobenzofuranones with the construction of C−O, C=O, and C−F bonds in a single step on the basis of an AuI/AuIII redox catalytic cycle. Several control experiments, including the asymmetric variant of this reaction, were also conducted to gain insight into the reaction mechanism.
Stereoselective Ketone Rearrangements with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents
Authors: Malmedy Florence , Wirth Thomas
Published: August 2016

The first stereoselective version of an iodine(III)‐mediated rearrangement of arylketones in the presence of orthoesters is described. The reaction products, α‐arylated esters, are very useful intermediates in the synthesis of bioactive compounds such as ibuprofen. With chiral lactic acid‐based iodine(III) reagents product selectivities of up to 73 % ee have been achieved.
Investigations on the Low Temperature Methanation with Pulse Reaction of CO
Authors: Friedland Jens , Turek Thomas , Güttel Robert
Published: August 2016

The low temperature methanation via pulse reaction is investigated and the application of data reduction by moment analysis is shown. Pulse experiments were performed in the temperature range from 200 to 270 °C with CO pulses in a diluted H2 gas stream. The appearance and shape of the resulting CH4 signal indicate limiting kinetic processes. The signals are analyzed using a combination of basic methods and moment analysis, which allows condensing data from transient experiments for improved interpretation.
Gene expression analysis of developing cell groups in the pretectal region of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Morona Ruth , Ferran José Luis , Puelles Luis , González Agustín
Published: August 2016

Our previous analysis of progenitor domains in the pretectum of Xenopus revealed three molecularly distinct anteroposterior subdivisions, identified as precommissural (PcP), juxtacommissural (JcP), and commissural (CoP) histogenetic domains (Morona et al. [2011] J Comp Neurol 519:1024–1050). Here we analyzed at later developmental stages the nuclei derived from these areas, attending to their gene expression patterns and histogenesis. Transcription‐factor gene markers were used to selectively map derivatives of each domain: Pax7 and Pax6 (CoP); Foxp1 and Six3 (JcP); and Xiro1, VGlut2, Ebf1, and Ebf3 (PcP). Additional genoarchitectural information was provided by the expression of Gbx2, NPY, Lhx1, and Lhx9. This allowed both unambiguous characterization of the anuran pretectal nuclei with regard to their origin in the three early anteroposterior progenitor domains, and their comparison with counterparts in the chick and mouse pretectum. Our observations demonstrated a molecular conservation, during practically all the stages analyzed, for most of the main markers used to define genoarchitecturally the main derivatives of each pretectal domain. We found molecular evidence to propose homologous derivatives from the CoP (olivary pretectal, parvocellular, and magnocellular posterior commissure and lateral terminal nuclei), JcP (spiriformis lateral and lateral terminal nuclei), and PcP (anterior pretectal nucleus) to those described in avian studies. These results represent significant progress in the comprehension of the diencephalic region of Xenopus and show that the organization of the pretectum possesses many features shared with birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:715–752, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ferrocene–Biotin Conjugates: Synthesis, Structure, Cytotoxic Activity and Interaction with Avidin
Authors: Błauż Andrzej , Rychlik Błażej , Makal Anna , Szulc Katarzyna , Strzelczyk Paweł , Bujacz Grzegorz , Zakrzewski Janusz , Woźniak Krzysztof , Plażuk Damian
Published: August 2016

Friedel–Crafts acylation of ferrocene with d‐biotin, d‐homobiotin and d‐desthiobiotin gave ferrocenyl ketones. These compounds were diastereoselectively reduced to the corresponding alcohols using (R)‐ and (S)‐Me‐CBS‐oxazaborolidine–borane complexes as reducing agents. The alcohols were further transformed into azido and finally to amino derivatives with retention of configuration, as confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Ferrocenylbiotin alcohols smoothly underwent dehydration to (E)‐alkenes as the major isomers by heating in diluted acetic acid. The synthesized compounds retained high affinity for avidin. They also exhibited high cytotoxicity toward cancer cells expressing various levels of sodium‐dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) in the absence of biotin in the medium, whereas the presence of free biotin decreased their antiproliferative activity. This revealed that these biotin–ferrocene conjugates might be used as biologically active agents against cancer cells, although there was no clear relationship between their cytotoxicity and cellular SMVT level.
Disentangling body image: The relative associations of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation with psychological distress and eating disorder behaviors in male and female adolescents
Authors: Mitchison Deborah , Hay Phillipa , Griffiths Scott , Murray Stuart B. , Bentley Caroline , Gratwick‐Sarll Kassandra , Harrison Carmel , Mond Jonathan
Published: August 2016

Objective

The distinctiveness and relative clinical significance of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation with body weight/shape remains inconclusive. This study sought to add to the evidence by testing associations between these three body image constructs and indicators of clinical significance.

Method

Male and female secondary students (N = 1,666) aged 12–18 years completed a survey that included measures of dissatisfaction with, overvaluation of, and preoccupation with weight/shape, psychological distress, eating disorder behaviors, and basic demographic information. Conditional process analysis was employed to test the independent and mediating effects of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation on distress, dietary restraint, and objective binge eating.

Results

Overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation were highly correlated (r = 0.47–0.84). In girls, preoccupation demonstrated the strongest independent and mediating effects on distress, dietary restraint, and binge eating; whereas neither the direct or indirect effects of dissatisfaction on distress and overvaluation on binge eating were significant. Among boys however, the direct and indirect effects of overvaluation, dissatisfaction, and preoccupation on distress and eating disorder behaviors were relatively equal.

Discussion

Preoccupation with weight/shape may be particularly clinically significant in girls, whereas all constructs of body image disturbance may be equally clinically significant in boys. The findings are consistent with the view that these constructs, while closely related, are distinct. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:118–126)
Synthesis of the Rubiyunnanin B Core Aglycon
Authors: Moschitto Matthew J. , Lewis Chad A.
Published: August 2016

Rubiyunnanin B possesses an intriguing anticancer profile whose activity is dependent on the glycosylation of a fused tyrosinyl residue. We have developed a rapid synthesis of the rubiyunnanin B dityrosine core using a Suzuki coupling. Furthermore, the atropisomeric and isomeric products obtained were identified and their distribution controlled. The two major products obtained from the dityrosine coupling were discovered to be locked cis/trans isomers of the internal amide with atropisomerization quantifiable on the NMR timescale.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Stannylated Dehydropiperidines and Dehydroazepanes
Authors: Lumbroso Alexandre , Coeffard Vincent , Gatineau David , Stecko Sebastian , Beaudet Isabelle , Quintard Jean‐Paul , Le Grognec Erwan
Published: August 2016

An efficient allylation and butenylation of N‐alkoxycarbonyl‐2‐tributylstannyl‐1,3‐oxazolidines derived from (S)‐vinylglycinol or (S)‐styrylglycinol is described. After conversion of the stannylated azadienes into stannylated dienyl oxazolidinones, a ring‐closing metathesis generates dehydropiperidine or dehydroazepane; both are interesting scaffolds for the synthesis of polyfunctionnalized piperidines or azepanes. Whereas the dehydropiperidine synthesis was found to be selective regardless of the Grubbs catalyst used, we found that Grubbs II catalyst induced partial double bond isomerization in the dehydroazepane series. In addition, when allyltrimethylsilane was used in the ring‐opening reactions of N‐alkoxycarbonyl‐2‐tributylstannyl‐1,3‐oxazolidines, cyclopropyl derivatives were selectively obtained.
Could the Extended Trading of CSI 300 Index Futures Facilitate Its Role of Price Discovery?
Authors: Sohn Sungbin , Zhang Xiaofeng
Published: August 2016

This study examines the role of extended CSI 300 Index futures trading in price discovery. As a prerequisite for the facilitation of price discovery, we first confirm that extended trading is weak‐form efficient and driven by information. We find that the predictability of futures returns during extended trading on the index's overnight returns is strong and improving. More importantly, compared to the index, its futures price exhibits stronger price leadership, particularly in the early synchronous trading hours. Evidence suggests that extended trading facilitates price discovery at the opening and in the early trading hours of the stock market. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:717–740, 2017
Will cervical screening remain cost‐effective in women offered the next generation nonavalent HPV vaccine? Results for four developed countries
Authors: Simms Kate T. , Smith Megan A. , Lew Jie‐Bin , Kitchener Henry C. , Castle Philip E. , Canfell Karen
Published: August 2016

A next generation nonavalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (“HPV9 vaccine”) is being introduced in several countries. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether cervical screening will remain cost‐effective in cohorts offered nonavalent vaccines and if so, to characterize the optimal number of screening tests. We used a dynamic model of HPV vaccination and cervical screening to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of strategies involving varying numbers of primary HPV tests per lifetime for cohorts offered the nonavalent vaccine as 12 year‐olds. For each of four countries—the USA, New Zealand (NZ), Australia and England—we considered local factors including vaccine uptake rates (USA/NZ uptake ∼50%; Australia/England uptake >70%), attributable fractions of HPV9‐included types, demographic factors, costs and indicative willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) thresholds. Extensive probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. We found that, in the USA, four screens per lifetime was the most likely scenario, with 34% probability of being optimal at WTP US$50,000/LYS, increasing to 84% probability at US$100,000/LYS. In New Zealand, five screens per lifetime was the most likely scenario, with 100% probability of being optimal at NZ$42,000/LYS, given the assumptions used. In Australia, two screens per lifetime was the most likely scenario, with 62% probability of being optimal at AU$50,000/LYS. In England, four screens per lifetime was the most likely scenario, with 32% probability of being optimal at GB£20,000/LYS, increasing to 96% probability at GB£30,000/LYS. We conclude that some cervical screening will remain cost‐effective, even in countries with high vaccination coverage. However, the optimal number of screens may vary between countries.
Removal of naturally grown human biofilm with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet: An in‐vitro study
Authors: Jablonowski Lukasz , Fricke Katja , Matthes Rutger , Holtfreter Birte , Schlüter Rabea , von Woedtke Thomas , Weltmann Klaus‐Dieter , Kocher Thomas
Published: August 2016

The removal of biofilm is a prerequisite for a successful treatment of biofilm‐associated diseases. In this study, we compared the feasibility of an atmospheric pressure plasma device with a sonic powered brush to remove naturally grown supragingival biofilm from extracted teeth. Twenty‐four periodontally hopeless teeth were extracted. Argon jet plasma with an oxygen admixture of 1 vol% and a sonically driven brush were used to remove biofilm with application times of 60 s, 180 s and 300 s. The treatment efficiency was assessed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The highest biofilm removal rate was observed after an application time of 180 s/300 s with the sonic brush (80.4%/86.2%), plasma (75.5%/89.0%). These observations were confirmed by SEM. According to XPS analysis, plasma treatment decreased the amount of carbon and nitrogen, indicative of an extensive removal of proteins. Plasma treatment of naturally grown biofilm resulted in an effective cleaning of the tooth surface and was comparable to mechanical treatment. Treatment time had a significant influence on plaque reduction. These results showed that plasma could be a useful adjuvant treatment modality in cases where biofilm removal or reduction plays a decisive role, such as periodontitis and peri‐implantitis.

Plasma‐treated biofilm on an extracted tooth.

magnified image

Plasma‐treated biofilm on an extracted tooth.
Dosage Adjustments Related to Young or Old Age and Organ Impairment
Authors: Burris James F. , Tortorici Michael A. , Mandic Maja , Neely Michael , Reed Michael D.
Published: August 2016

Differences in physiology related to young or old age and/or organ system impairment alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of many medications and consequently their effectiveness and toxicity. This module discusses common alterations in medication use and dosage that are required in the pediatric age group, in the elderly, and in patients with renal or hepatic disease.
The absence of numbers to express the amount may affect delay discounting with humans
Authors: Reyes‐Huerta Hugo E. , dos Santos Cristiano V.
Published: August 2016

Human delay discounting is usually studied with experimental protocols that use symbols to express delay and amount. In order to further understand discounting, we evaluated whether the absence of numbers to represent reward amounts affects discount rate in general, and whether the magnitude effect is generalized to nonsymbolic situations in particular. In Experiment 1, human participants were exposed to a delay‐discounting task in which rewards were presented using dots to represent monetary rewards (nonsymbolic); under this condition the magnitude effect did not occur. Nevertheless, the magnitude effect was observed when equivalent reward amounts were presented using numbers (symbolic). Moreover, in estimation tasks, magnitude increments produced underestimation of large amounts. In Experiment 2, participants were exposed only to the nonsymbolic discounting task and were required to estimate reward amounts in each trial. Consistent with Experiment 1, the absence of numbers representing reward amounts produced similar discount rates of small and large rewards. These results suggest that value of nonsymbolic rewards is a nonlinear function of amount and that value attribution depends on perceived difference between the immediate and the delayed nonsymbolic rewards.
Modelling of wireless power transfer links based on capacitive coupling
Authors: Dionigi Marco , Mongiardo Mauro , Monti Giuseppina , Perfetti Renzo
Published: August 2016

By using network theory, a wireless power transfer network based on coupled capacitance, that is, on electric field coupling, is numerically investigated. Three possible solutions of interest are considered: one that maximizes efficiency, one that maximizes the power delivered to the load and one that realizes power matching (conjugate matching). In each case, at a selected frequency, the optimal source/load impedances are derived in closed form. It is shown that maximum efficiency solution has the possibility of achieving almost unitary efficiency. It is also shown that, as the efficiency is increased, the power delivered to the load is decreased. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal and single frequency counter‐current ultrasound pretreatments of sodium caseinate: enzymolysis kinetics and thermodynamics, amino acids composition, molecular weight distribution and antioxidant peptides
Authors: Abdualrahman Mohammed Adam Y , Ma Haile , Zhou Cunshan , Yagoub Abu ElGasim A , Hu Jiali , Yang Xue
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Due to the disadvantages of traditional enzymolysis, pretreatments are crucial to enhance protein enzymolysis. Enzymolysis kinetics and thermodynamics, amino acids composition, molecular weight distribution, fluorescence spectroscopy and antioxidant activity of thermal (HT) and single frequency counter‐current ultrasound (SCFU) pretreated sodium caseinate (NaCas) were studied.

RESULTS

Enzymolysis of untreated NaCas (control) improved significantly (P < 0.05) by SFCU and followed by HT. Values of the Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) of SFCU and HT were 0.0212 and 0.0250, respectively. HT and SFCU increased (P < 0.05) the reaction rate constant (k) by 38.64 and 90.91%, respectively at 298 K. k values decreased with increasing temperature. The initial activation energy (46.39 kJ mol−1) reduced (P < 0.05) by HT (39.66 kJ mol−1) and further by SFCU (33.42 kJ mol−1). SFCU‐pretreated NaCas hydrolysates had the highest contents of hydrophobic, aromatic, positively and negatively charged amino acids. Medium‐sized peptides (5000–1000 Da) are higher in SFCU (78.11%) than HT and the control. SFCU induced molecular unfolding of NaCas proteins. Accordingly, SFCU‐pretreated NaCas hydrolysate exhibited the highest scavenging activity on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, reducing power, and iron chelating ability.

CONCLUSION

SFCU pretreatment would be a useful tool for production of bioactive peptides from NaCas hydrolysate. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Liver grafts procured from donors after circulatory death have no increased risk of microthrombi formation
Authors: Verhoeven Cornelia J. , Simon Tiarah C. , de Jonge Jeroen , Doukas Michael , Biermann Katharina , Metselaar Herold J. , Ijzermans Jan N. M. , Polak Wojciech G.
Published: August 2016

Microthrombi formation provoked by warm ischemia and vascular stasis is thought to increase the risk of nonanastomotic strictures (NAS) in liver grafts obtained by donation after circulatory death (DCD). Therefore, potentially harmful intraoperative thrombolytic therapy has been suggested as a preventive strategy against NAS. Here, we investigated whether there is histological evidence of microthrombi formation during graft preservation or directly after reperfusion in DCD livers and the development of NAS. Liver biopsies collected at different time points during graft preservation and after reperfusion were triple‐stained with hematoxylin‐eosin (H & E), von Willebrand factor VIII (VWF), and Fibrin Lendrum (FL) to evaluate the presence of microthrombi. In a first series of 282 sections obtained from multiple liver segments of discarded DCD grafts, microthrombi were only present in 1%‐3% of the VWF stainings, without evidence of thrombus formation in paired H & E and FL stainings. Additionally, analysis of 132 sections obtained from matched, transplanted donation after brain death and DCD grafts showed no difference in microthrombi formation (11.3% versus 3.3% respectively; P = 0.082), and no relation to the development of NAS (P = 0.73). Furthermore, no microthrombi were present in perioperative biopsies in recipients who developed early hepatic artery thrombosis. Finally, the presence of microthrombi did not differ before or after additional flushing of the graft with preservation solution. In conclusion, the results of our study derogate from the hypothesis that DCD livers have an increased tendency to form microthrombi. It weakens the explanation that microthrombi formation is a main causal factor in the development of NAS in DCD and that recipients could benefit from intraoperative thrombolytic therapy to prevent NAS following liver transplantation. Liver Transplantation 22 1676–1687 2016 AASLD.
Evaluation of the efficacy of postmortem human bladder tissue as a normal comparator for case‐controlled gene expression studies in urology
Authors: Matthews Catherine A. , Eschenroeder Andrew , Badlani Gopal , Evans Robert , Walker Stephen J.
Published: August 2016

AIMS

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a poorly understood disease with no absolute diagnostic marker. A molecular‐based tool (biomarker) for IC/BPS diagnosis would have immediate clinical utility. We have generated a bank of bladder biopsy tissue from IC/BPS patients and require a control group for comparative gene expression studies. The objective of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of cadaveric bladder specimens as a viable source of control tissue.

METHODS

Cryopreserved cadaveric bladder specimens were obtained through the National Disease Research Interchange (NDRI) tissue repository. Decedent demographics, postmortem interval to autopsy, necropsy location and size were recorded. At least two punch biopsies were taken from each bladder sample and total RNA was extracted. Nucleic acid concentration and quality were measured as was the RNA integrity number (RIN).

RESULTS

We purchased 15 necropsy bladder specimens that had been harvested from women postmortem and flash‐frozen. For each bladder specimen, RNA was isolated from multiple sites for comparison both within and between individuals. Bioanalyzer results revealed severe degradation in the majority of samples as indicated by RINs ranging from “n/a” to 6.6, with most samples yielding RINs ≤2.5. Shorter postmortem interval did not correlate with an increase in RNA quantity or quality.

CONCLUSIONS

Cadaver‐derived bladder tissue from the NDRI does not routinely yield high‐quality RNA needed for downstream gene expression applications, such as microarray and next‐generation sequencing and, therefore, cannot be used as a reliable source for control samples.
Sensitive and fast beverage/fruit antioxidant evaluation by TiO2‐Au/graphene nanocomposites coupled with MALDI‐MS
Authors: Fang Xiaoni , Zhang Kun , Yang Pengyuan , Qiao Liang , Liu Baohong
Published: August 2016

Rationale

Because the ratio of tripeptide glutathione (GSH) to glutathione disulphide (GSSG) is tightly associated with the oxidative stress and antioxidant level of an organism, it is often considered to be an indicator of the redox states of cells. Therefore, developing an integrated protocol for rapid, efficient, and low‐cost detection of GSH to measure antioxidant ability is of significant importance for the diagnosis of oxidative stress‐associated diseases.

Methods

TiO2‐Au/graphene nanocomposites were synthesized to integrate the characteristics of graphene as matrix for MALDI‐MS, gold NPs as selective probes for GSH and the photocatalytic property of TiO2. Under UV–visible (UV–Vis) light irradiation, OH can be produced by the TiO2‐Au/G composites, which can oxidize GSH to form GSSG. When various antioxidants are introduced into the aforementioned system, OH can be scavenged, thereby leaving part of GSH in its reductive format. Based on the ratio of GSH/GSSG, the antioxidative capability of various beverages and fruits can be determined.

Results

TiO2‐Au/G composites were employed to enrich GSH, where 0.01 mg/mL GSH can be efficiently extracted by the nanocomposites from aqueous solution and detected by MS with high signal‐to‐noise ratio. The proposed strategy was applied to evaluate three often‐used antioxidants: Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and β‐carotene; and demonstrated that the antioxidative ability of VC is the strongest. To further evaluate the feasibility of the proposed strategy for antioxidative ability evaluation of complex sample, commercial juices and fresh fruit were also studied.

Conclusions

A novel strategy for sensitive and fast characterization of the antioxidative ability of various beverages and fruits was developed based on TiO2‐Au/G nanocomposites coupled with MALDI‐MS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ion transfer between ion source and mass spectrometer inlet: electro‐hydrodynamic simulation and experimental validation
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Ouyang Zheng
Published: August 2016

Rationale

The ion transfer from the atmospheric pressure ion source to mass spectrometer inlet is directly related to the sensitivity of the mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. Electric field and dynamic gas flow are typically used to facilitate the ionization process and ion transfer. While sophisticated methods have been developed for ion trajectory simulation with a pure electric field, the influence of the dynamic gas flow could not be easily incorporated for the study.

Methods

A nanoESI (electrospray ionization) source was set off‐axis in front of an MS inlet to study the ion transfer under the influence of both electric field and gas flows. Electro‐hydrodynamic simulation (EHS) was performed to predict the ion transfer, which was subsequently validated with the experimental characterization.

Results

The EHS results based on the gas dynamics were found to match well with the experimental results and therefore can be used to guide the instrumentation design. The relative intensities of different ion species could be modified by adjusting the gas flow rate, and a differential transfer of the selected ion species was achieved.

Conclusions

EHS is a powerful tool for the design of ion optics operating at atmospheric pressure. As a rapid and convenient method, proper combination of an air dynamic field and an electric field enabled a gas‐phase ion separation in the source region without using sophisticated ion mobility devices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
meta‐Benziporphodimethenes: New Cell‐Imaging Porphyrin Analogue Molecules
Authors: Sharma Ravi Kumar , Maurya Anurag , Rajamani Paulraj , Mehata Mohan Singh , Kumar Anil
Published: August 2016

meta‐Benziporphodimethene is a recently synthesized porphyrin analogue molecule which contain discrete conjugated system. These molecules are nearly non‐fluorescent in their free base form. The binding of zinc ions with these molecules turn‐on its fluorescence properties. In the present study, the fluorescent turn‐on properties after binding with zinc ions of these molecules have been explored for cellular imaging of zinc ions in MDA‐MB‐468 breast carcinoma cells. The effect of substitutents on meso‐phenyl groups on cellular imaging of zinc ions in MDA‐MB‐468 breast carcinoma cells have also been studied. The electron releasing and withdrawing group on meso‐phenyl do not effect on internalization of these molecules into cells. The MTT assay confirms lesser cytotoxic nature of these molecules for a longer time. These metallated meta‐benziporphodimethenes shows higher absorption and emission wavelength which avoid the photodamage of cells. To get insight into the structural change after binding with zinc ions, DFT calculation has been carried out.
Task–specific Ionic Liquids Based on Sulfur for Tribological Applications
Authors: Cosme João , Bastos Pedro D. A. , Catela Isabelle , Silva Diana , Colaço Rogério , Branco Luís C. , Saramago Benilde
Published: August 2016

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been recently considered as potentially adequate lubricants for microelectromechanical and nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) due to the specific features of these silicon based miniaturized devices. Aiming at the optimization of the lubrication of MEMS/NEMS, new ILs resulting from the combination of sulfur‐containing anions (bis(2‐ethyl‐1‐hexyl) sulfosuccinate, [AOT], and ethylsulphate, [C2SO4]) with ammonium, imidazolium or methylpyridinium based cations were prepared. Their tribological performance against silicon and steel was assessed with a nanotribometer and compared to that of other ILs based on the cation 1‐ethyl 3‐methylimidazolium, [C2MIM]. Our results reveal that the presence of the anion [C2SO4] is responsible for very low friction coefficients on silicon, meaning that these ILs may be considered as promising lubricants for MEMS/ NEMS. In contrast, the anion [AOT] did not lead to efficient lubricants for this type of systems. The results obtained on steel were not so impressive, although all the ILs based on [C2SO4] presented better lubricant capacities than commercial oil.
Commercial Separation Systems Designed for Preparation of Platelet-Rich Plasma Yield Differences in Cellular Composition
Authors: Degen Ryan M. , Bernard Johnathan A. , Oliver Kristin S. , Dines Joshua S.
Published: August 2016

Background

The role of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of sport-related injuries is unclear, largely due to the heterogeneity of clinical results. This may relate to compositional differences in PRP from different separation systems.

Questions/Purposes

This study aims to compare the composition of PRP produced with five different commercially available systems, focusing on cellular concentrations and pH.

Methods

Seven donors (41 ± 12 years) provided blood for PRP preparation using five systems (Arthrex Angel, Emcyte Genesis CS, Arteriocyte Magellan, Harvest SmartPrep, and Biomet GPS III). Post processing, cellular composition was measured including platelets (PLT), white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NE), and red blood cells (RBC), as well as pH.

Results

Platelet concentration and capture efficiency were similar between systems, except the Angel 7% preparation had a greater concentration than Genesis CS (2310 ± 524 vs. 1129 ± 264 k/μL). WBC concentration was variable between systems; however, significant differences were only found between the Angel 2% and GPS III preparations (11.0 ± 4.5, 27.3 ± 7.1 k/μL). NE concentration was significantly lower in the Angel 2% and 7% preparations compared with GPS III (0.6 ± 0.6 and 1.8 ± 1.3 k/μL vs. 9.4 ± 7.0 k/μL). RBC concentration was highest in SmartPrep (3.2 ± 0.6 M/μL) and Genesis CS systems (3.1 ± 0.6 M/μL) compared with all other systems (≤1.1 ± 1.2 M/μL). Finally, pH was significantly lower with the SmartPrep system (6.95 ± 0.06) compared with all others (≥7.26 ± 0.06).

Conclusion

Aside from platelet concentration and capture efficiency, significant compositional differences were identified between preparation systems. Caution should be employed when interpreting clinical results of studies utilizing PRP, as the role of compositional differences and their effect on outcome are unknown. Further study is necessary to determine the clinical significance of these differences.
Defining the lateral edge of the femoroacetabular articulation: Correlation analysis between radiographs and computed tomography
Authors: Mittal Ashish , Bomar James D. , Jeffords Megan E. , Huang Ming-Tung , Wenger Dennis R. , Upasani Vidyadhar V.
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to analyze the variation in measuring the lateral center edge angle of Wiberg (LCEA) using the lateral edge of the sourcil (LCEA-S) compared to the lateral edge of the acetabulum (LCEA-E), and to correlate these measurements with three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT)-based analysis of the femoroacetabular articulation.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on 24 patients (45 hips) treated for hip dysplasia at a single institution. All patients were required to have an anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiograph and pelvic CT. LCEA-S and LCEA-E measurements were calculated from radiographs. Axial CT images were processed to standardize pelvic orientation and calculate the LCEA at three points (posterior, central, anterior) along the acetabular edge. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate radiographic and CT measures.

Results

Eight males and 16 females with an average age of 14.6 years were included. The LCEA-S (16.5° ± 2.0°) was found to be significantly less than the LCEA-E (26.0° ± 2.0°) ( p < 0.001). The LCEA-S had the greatest correlation with the central measurement on the 3D-CT ( rs = 0.893; p < 0.001). The LCEA-E had the greatest correlation with the anterior measurement on the 3D-CT ( r = 0.834; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The LCEA can change significantly depending on the bony landmark used to define the lateral edge of the femoroacetabular articulation. The edge of the sourcil most closely correlates with the central weight-bearing portion of the articular surface on the 3D-CT and should be used to define the LCEA when treating patients with hip dysplasia.

Level of evidence

Level III, retrospective comparison study.
Social climate profiles in adolescent sports: Associations with enjoyment and intention to continue
Authors: Gardner Lauren A. , Magee Christopher A. , Vella Stewart A.
Published: August 2016

This study explored whether adolescent sports participants' perceptions of the social climate fall into distinct profiles, and whether these profiles are related to enjoyment and intention to continue. A Latent Profile Analysis using 313 Australian sports participants (Mage = 13.03 years) revealed four distinct profiles: positive social climate (45.1%), diminished social climate (19.8%), positive coach relationship quality (19.8%), and positive friendship quality (15.3%). Individuals within the positive social climate and the positive coach relationship quality profiles reported relatively higher levels of enjoyment and intention to continue than individuals in the diminished social climate and the positive friendship quality profiles. Indirect path analyses found the social climate profiles were linked with intention to continue through enjoyment. Results highlight the value of investigating multiple dimensions of the social climate and suggest that the coach may be of particular importance in this age group. Findings have implications for understanding youth sports participation and preventing dropout.