bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative consumption: determinants of satisfaction and the likelihood of using a sharing economy option again
Authors: Möhlmann Mareike
Published: February 2015

Collaborative consumption, often associated with the sharing economy, takes place in organized systems or networks, in which participants conduct sharing activities in the form of renting, lending, trading, bartering, and swapping of goods, services, transportation solutions, space, or money. In this paper, a framework on the determinants of choosing a sharing option is developed and tested with two quantitative studies by applying partial least squares path modeling analysis. In study 1, users of the B2C car sharing service car2go (N = 236), and in study 2, users of the C2C online community accommodation marketplace Airbnb (N = 187) are surveyed. The results reveal the satisfaction and the likelihood of choosing a sharing option again to be predominantly explained by determinants serving users' self‐benefit. Utility, trust, cost savings, and familiarity were found to be essential in both studies, while service quality and community belonging were identified solely in study 1. Four proposed determinants had no influence on any of the endogenous variables. This applies to environmental impact, internet capability, smartphone capability, and trend affinity. Finally, research and managerial implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving Oxygen Electrochemistry through Nanoscopic Confinement
Authors: Doyle Andrew D. , Montoya Joseph H. , Vojvodic Aleksandra
Published: February 2015

The front cover artwork for Issue 05/2015 is provided by Dr. Aleksandra Vojvodic and co‐workers from Stanford University and the SUNCAT Center for Interfacial Science and Catalysis, USA. The image shows a schematic of the catalytic oxygen “evolution” reaction inside a well‐defined ruthenium oxide nanochannel structure. See the Communication itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201402864.
(E)‐,(Z)‐Parallel Preparative Methods for Stereodefined β,β‐Diaryl‐ and α,β‐Diaryl‐α,β‐unsaturated Esters: Application to the Stereocomplementary Concise Synthesis of Zimelidine
Authors: Ashida Yuichiro , Sato Yuka , Suzuki Takeyuki , Ueno Kanako , Kai Ken‐ichiro , Nakatsuji Hidefumi , Tanabe Yoo
Published: February 2015

Parallel and practical methods for the preparation of both (E)‐ and (Z)‐β‐aryl1‐β‐aryl2‐α,β‐unsaturated esters 1 and (E)‐ and (Z)‐α‐aryl1‐β‐aryl2‐α,β‐unsaturated esters 2 are described. These methods involve accessible, robust, stereocomplementary N‐methylimidazole (NMI)‐mediated enol tosylations (14 examples, 70–99 % yield), as well as stereoretentive Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings (36 examples, 64–99 % yield). The highlighted feature of the present protocol is the use of parallel and stereocomplementary approaches to obtain highly (E)‐ and (Z)‐pure products 1 and 2 by utilizing sequential enol tosylations and cross‐coupling reactions. An expeditious and parallel synthesis of (E)‐ and (Z)‐zimelidine (3), which is a highly representative selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was performed by utilizing the present methods.
Rapid Sonochemical Synthesis of Luminescent and Paramagnetic Copper Nanoclusters for Bimodal Bioimaging
Authors: Wang Chuanxi , Cheng Hao , Sun Yuanqing , Lin Quan , Zhang Chi
Published: February 2015

Herein, luminescent and magnetic copper nanoclusters (CuNCs) are synthesized by a one‐pot sonochemical route using glutathione (GSH) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The resultant CuNCs show red fluorescence and paramagnetic properties at room temperature. In addition, the as‐prepared GSH‐CuNCs are water‐soluble, exhibit low toxicity, and have multifunctional surface chemistry due to the GSH protective layer. Folic acid (FA) was covalently anchored to the GSH‐CuNCs, and the nanoprobes were used for highly selective, targeted fluorescent imaging (FI) of gastric cancer HeLa cells with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Finally, the as‐prepared GSH‐CuNCs could work as T1 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to their paramagnetic properties. These findings highlight the fascinating features of luminescent and magnetic CuNCs, which are a promising platform for bimodal MRI/FI of cancer cells.
Medical education on cannabis and cannabinoids: Perspectives, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Ware MA , Ziemianski D
Published: February 2015

The global regulatory landscape regarding the medical use of cannabis and cannabinoids is changing rapidly. This has considerable impact on health care professionals who currently receive little or no education on issues regarding medical cannabis. We propose a ‘cannabis curriculum’ that covers the spectrum of historical, botanical, physiological, clinical and legal issues to allow health care professionals to engage in meaningful discussions with their patients and colleagues around this stigmatized and controversial subject.
Quantifying autophagosomes and autolysosomes in cells using imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Rajan Robin , Karbowniczek Magdalena , Pugsley Haley R. , Sabnani Manoj K. , Astrinidis Aristotelis , La‐Beck Ninh M.
Published: February 2015

Autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in numerous diseases and many therapeutic agents are known to modulate this pathway. Therefore, the ability to accurately monitor autophagy is critical to understanding its role in the pathogenesis and treatment of many diseases. Recently an imaging flow cytometry method measuring colocalization of microtubule associated protein 1B light chain 3 (LC3) and lysosomal signals via Bright Detail Similarity (BDS) was proposed which enabled evaluation of autophagic processing. However, since BDS only evaluates colocalization of LC3 and lysosomal signals, the number of autophagy organelles was not taken into account. We found that in cells classified as having Low BDS, there was a large degree of variability in accumulation of autophagosomes. Therefore, we developed a new approach wherein BDS was combined with number of LC3+ puncta, which enabled us to distinguish between cells having very few autophagy organelles versus cells with accumulation of autophagosomes or autolysosomes. Using this method, we were able to distinguish and quantify autophagosomes and autolysosomes in breast cancer cells cultured under basal conditions, with inhibition of autophagy using chloroquine, and with induction of autophagy using amino acid starvation. This technique yields additional insight into autophagy processing making it a useful supplement to current techniques. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
QoS‐driven resource allocation in green OFDMA wireless networks
Authors: Sinaie Mahnaz , Azmi Paeiz
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we present a QoS‐driven energy efficient power and subcarrier allocation in green orthogonal frequency division multiple access networks. Our proposed scheme aims at maximizing the effective energy efficiency (EEE), defined as overall effective capacity per total power consumption, subject to given user delay‐QoS requirements and an average sum transmit power constraints. We analytically obtain the uniquely global optimal power and subcarrier using fractional programming, which transforms the fractional program into an equivalent parametric convex program that has a tractable solution. Analytical results show that the optimal solution has the same structure as effective capacity maximization and overall power minimization solutions. Simulation results show that there exists a trade‐off between EEE and delay. When the delay is more stringent, the EEE decreases. Moreover, when the number of subcarriers increase, EEE increases, where a fixed optimal EEE can be achieved regardless of stringency of delay‐QoS requirements. Furthermore, our proposed resource allocation provides significant EEE gains over both the independent resource allocation and overall power minimization schemes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single dose of S‐ketamine induces long‐term antidepressant effects and decreases oxidative stress in adulthood rats following maternal deprivation
Authors: Réus Gislaine Z. , Carlessi Anelise S. , Titus Stephanie E. , Abelaira Helena M. , Ignácio Zuleide M. , da Luz Jaine R. , Matias Beatriz I. , Bruchchen Livia , Florentino Drielly , Vieira Andriele , Petronilho Fabricia , Quevedo João
Published: February 2015

Ketamine, an antagonist of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors, has produced rapid antidepressant effects in patients with depression, as well as in animal models. However, the extent and duration of the antidepressant effect over longer periods of time has not been considered. This study evaluated the effects of single dose of ketamine on behavior and oxidative stress, which is related to depression, in the brains of adult rats subjected to maternal deprivation. Deprived and nondeprived Wistar rats were divided into four groups nondeprived + saline; nondeprived + S‐ketamine (15 mg/kg); deprived + saline; deprived + S‐ketamine (15 mg/kg). A single dose of ketamine or saline was administrated during the adult phase, and 14 days later depressive‐like behavior was assessed. In addition, lipid damage, protein damage, and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated in the rat brain. Maternal deprivation induces a depressive‐like behavior, as verified by an increase in immobility and anhedonic behavior. However, a single dose of ketamine was able to reverse these alterations, showing long‐term antidepressant effects. The brains of maternally deprived rats had an increase in protein oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation, but administration of a single dose of ketamine reversed this damage. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were reduced in the deprived rat brains. However, ketamine was also able to reverse these changes. In conclusion, these findings indicate that a single dose of ketamine is able to induce long‐term antidepressant effects and protect against neural damage caused by oxidative stress in adulthood rats following maternal deprivation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 1268–1281, 2015
Apps and eating disorders: A systematic clinical appraisal
Authors: Fairburn Christopher G. , Rothwell Emily R.
Published: February 2015

Objective

Smartphone applications (apps) are proliferating and health‐related apps are particularly popular. The aim of this study was to identify, characterize, and evaluate the clinical utility of apps designed either for people with eating disorders or for eating disorder professionals.

Method

A search of the major app stores identified 805 potentially relevant apps, of which 39 were primarily designed for people with eating disorders and five for professionals.

Results

The apps for people with eating disorders had four main functions. Most common was the provision of advice, the quality of which ranged from sound to potentially harmful. Five apps included self‐assessment tools but only two used methods that would generally be viewed as reliable. Four apps had the self‐monitoring of eating habits as a major feature. Entering information into these apps could be accomplished with varying degrees of ease, but viewing it was more difficult. One app allowed the transfer of information between patients and clinicians.

Discussion

The enthusiasm for apps outstrips the evidence supporting their use. Given their popularity, it is suggested that clinicians evaluate app use as part of routine assessment. The clinical utility of the existing apps is not clear. Some are capable of tracking key features over time, but none has the functions required for analytic self‐monitoring as in cognitive behavioral treatments. The full potential of apps has yet to be realized. Specialized apps could be designed to augment various forms of treatment, and there is the possibility that they could deliver an entire personalized intervention. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal of Eating Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1038–1046)
Luminescence Matching with the Sensitivity Curve of the Human Eye: Optical Ceramics Mg8–xMx(BN2)2N4 with M = Al (x = 2) and M = Si (x = 1)
Authors: Ströbele Markus , Dolabdjian Konstantin , Enseling David , Dutczak Danuta , Mihailova Boriana , Jüstel Thomas , Meyer H.‐Jürgen
Published: February 2015

Compounds Mg8–xMx(BN2)2N4 were prepared by solid‐state reaction of MgCl2, Li3(BN2), and AlN for M = Al, and of Mg3N2, BN, and Si3N4 for M = Si. Their crystal structures were refined from powder X‐ray diffraction data with the space group Rm for M = Al, Si, and P21/c for M = Si. The structures of Mg8–xMx(BN2)2N4 are characterized by layered arrangements of wurtzite‐related block layers alternating with a layer of di‐nitridoborate ions along the c‐axis direction. Cations in each structure are surrounded tetrahedrally by nitride and di‐nitridoborate ions. Europium(II)‐doped powders of Mg8–xMx(BN2)2N4 show exceptional broad band emissions in the visible region of the spectrum, on excitation with UV radiation at λex = 320 nm.
On the Thermal Stability and Structures of Layered Double Hydroxides Mg1–xAlx(OH)2(NO3)x·mH2O (0.18 ≤ x ≤ 0.38)
Authors: Sjåstad Anja Olafsen , Andersen Niels Højmark , Vajeeston Ponniah , Karthikeyan Jayakumar , Arstad Bjørnar , Karlsson Arne , Fjellvåg Helmer
Published: February 2015

Nitrate‐based layered double hydroxides, Mg1–xAlx(OH)2(NO3)x·mH2O, have been investigated to settle issues relating to stability towards humidity, dehydration and staging, nitrate group orientation, Al migration and crystal structure. Raman and IR spectroscopy together with modelling methods proved that flat‐lying water and nitrate become tilted towards [001] at higher nitrate concentrations, accompanied by expansion along the c‐axis. The distribution of the molecular tilts is greatest for x = 0.25, which explains the extraordinary broad diffraction peaks. The unit cell volume was modified for all samples when subjected to moist air, most strongly for x = 0.25. On heating, in situ synchrotron diffraction data showed continuous changes along the c‐axis during dehydration of samples with x = 0.20 and 0.33. For x = 0.25, an intermediate phase appeared. Dehydroxylation was initiated at the OH groups bonded to the cations MgAl2, Mg2Al and Mg3 (in said order), whereas complete nitrate loss occurred at higher temperatures for higher Al contents. Some aluminium simultaneously moved to tetrahedral sites, which, according to 1H–27Al CP NMR spectroscopy, lack protons in their near neighbourhood. In contrast, octahedral aluminium remains surrounded by protons during decomposition. For the metastable oxide product, neutron diffraction indicated that 2/3 of aluminium reside in tetrahedral interstices. This oxide is defective, probably mimicking wüstite rather than a regular rock salt structure.
Evaluation of the short term 12 hour toxicity of 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to multiple life stages of Venustaconcha ellipsiformis and Epioblasma triquetra and its host fish (Percina caprodes)
Authors: Boogaard Michael A. , Newton Teresa J. , Hubert Terrance D. , Kaye Cheryl A. , Barnhart M. Christopher
Published: February 2015

The present study evaluated the risk of 12-h exposures of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) to multiple life stages of the federally endangered snuffbox (Epioblasma triquetra) and its primary host fish the common logperch (Percina caprodes) as well as a surrogate to the snuffbox, the ellipse (Venustaconcha ellipsiformis). Life stages examined included free glochidia, 1-wk juveniles, and adults of the ellipse; free glochidia, glochidia on host fish, and 1-wk juveniles of the snuffbox; and adult logperch. Larval sea lampreys were also tested alongside adult ellipse and logperch for direct comparison. Survival exceeded 82% among all life stages in both mussel species at levels up to 1.8 times what would be applied during treatments, suggesting that routine sea lamprey control operations would not adversely affect mussels. However, substantial mortality of adult logperch was observed at TFM concentrations typically applied to streams, and loss of host fish could adversely affect snuffbox reproduction. In addition, TFM had no significant effect on the number of glochidia that metamorphosed on adult logperch. Although the snuffbox is not likely to be acutely affected from sea lamprey control operations, mitigation efforts to minimize impacts to the host fish should be considered. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1634–1641. © 2015 SETAC
Panel: Fundamentals of egress calculations for life safety for egress assessments
Authors: Boyce Karen
Published: February 2015

The purpose of this panel was to allow data users, that is, consultants and engineers, who assess the life safety of structures and regulators who approve these assessments the opportunity to discuss the current state of egress analysis from their perspectives. In other words, what datasets do engineers/consultants consistently use to assess the life safety of structures? How useful are these data and what additional data should/could data collectors and model developers provide to them to improve the quality of their work in the field? From this panel discussion, an egress roadmap for future research could be developed that would aid researchers in the field of human behaviour in fire to collect data and produce models that better support data users' needs and requirements. The format of the panel session was a brief response by engineering consultants, a data collector and an evacuation modeller to a series of questions related to the current status of egress analysis, followed by a facilitated open floor discussion on issues arising. The panel session was audio taped and the summary that follows, although not a verbatim account, is a close reflection of the views expressed and issues raised. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailoring Electrochemical Property of Layered Perovskite Cathode by Cu‐doping for Proton‐Conducting IT‐SOFCs
Authors: Ling Y. , Zhao L. , Liu X. , Lin B.
Published: February 2015

Layered perovskite oxide YBaCuCoO5+x (YBCC) was synthesized by an EDTA‐citrate complexation process and was investigated as a novel cathode for proton‐conducting intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs). The thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of YBCC was 15.3 × 10−6 K−1 and the electrical conductivity presented a semiconductor‐like behavior with the maximum value of 93.03 Scm−1 at 800 °C. Based on the defect chemistry analysis, the electrical conductivity gradually decreases by the introduction of Cu into Co sites of YBaCo2O5+x and the conductor mechanism can transform from the metallic‐like behavior to the semiconductor‐like behavior. Thin proton‐conducting (BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3–δ) BZCYYb electrolyte and NiO–BZCYYb anode functional layer were prepared over porous anode substrates composed of NiO–BZCYYb by a one‐step dry‐pressing/co‐firing process. Laboratory‐sized quad‐layer cells of NiO‐BZCYYb / NiO‐BZCYYb / BZCYYb / YBCC with a 20 μm‐thick BZCYYb electrolyte membrane exhibited the maximum power density as high as 435 mW cm−2 with an open‐circuit potential (OCV) of 0.99 V and a low interfacial polarization resistance of 0.151 Ωcm2 at 700 °C. The experimental results have indicated that the layered perovskite oxide YBCC can be a cathode candidate for utilization as proton‐conducting IT‐SOFCs.
Moral foundations and political attitudes: The moderating role of political sophistication
Authors: Milesi Patrizia
Published: February 2015

Political attitudes can be associated with moral concerns. This research investigated whether people's level of political sophistication moderates this association. Based on the Moral Foundations Theory, this article examined whether political sophistication moderates the extent to which reliance on moral foundations, as categories of moral concerns, predicts judgements about policy positions. With this aim, two studies examined four policy positions shown by previous research to be best predicted by the endorsement of Sanctity, that is, the category of moral concerns focused on the preservation of physical and spiritual purity. The results showed that reliance on Sanctity predicted political sophisticates' judgements, as opposed to those of unsophisticates, on policy positions dealing with equal rights for same‐sex and unmarried couples and with euthanasia. Political sophistication also interacted with Fairness endorsement, which includes moral concerns for equal treatment of everybody and reciprocity, in predicting judgements about equal rights for unmarried couples, and interacted with reliance on Authority, which includes moral concerns for obedience and respect for traditional authorities, in predicting opposition to stem cell research. Those findings suggest that, at least for these particular issues, endorsement of moral foundations can be associated with political attitudes more strongly among sophisticates than unsophisticates.
Silencing Angiopoietin‐Like Protein 4 (ANGPTL4) Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced Acute Lung Injury Via Regulating SIRT1 /NF‐kB Pathway
Authors: Guo Liang , Li Shaoying , Zhao Yunfeng , Qian Pin , Ji Fuyun , Qian Lanlan , Wu Xueling , Qian Guisheng
Published: February 2015

Lung inflammation and alveolar epithelial cell death are critical events in the development and progression of acute lung injury (ALI). Although angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) participates in inflammation, whether it plays important roles in ALI and alveolar epithelial cell inflammatory injury remains unclear. We therefore investigated the role of angptl4 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI and the associated mechanisms. Lentivirus‐mediated short interfering RNA targeted to the mouse angptl4 gene (AngsiRNA) and a negative control lentivirus (NCsiRNA) were intranasally administered to mice. Lung inflammatory injury and the underlying mechanisms for regulation of angptl4 on the LPS‐induced ALI were subsequently determined. We reported that angptl4 levels were increased both in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells and lung tissues obtained from a mouse model of LPS‐induced ALI. Angptl4 expression was induced by LPS in alveolar epithelial cells, whereas LPS‐induced lung inflammation (neutrophils infiltration in the lung tissues, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6), lung permeability (lung wet/dry weight ratio and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein concentration), tissue damage (caspase3 activation), and mortality rates were attenuated in AngsiRNA‐treated mice. The inflammatory reaction (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6) and apoptosis rates were reduced in AngsiRNA(h)‐treated A549 cells. Moreover, angptl4 promoted NF‐kBp65 expression and suppressed SIRT1 expression both in mouse lungs and A549 cells. Additionally, SIRT1 antagonist nicotinamide (NAM) attenuated the inhibitory effects of AngsiRNA both on LPS‐induced NF‐kBp65 expression and IL6 expression. These findings suggest that silencing angptl4 protects against LPS‐induced ALI via regulating SIRT1/NF‐kB signaling pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2390–2402, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat and cold waves trends in the Carpathian Region from 1961 to 2010
Authors: Spinoni Jonathan , Lakatos Monika , Szentimrey Tamás , Bihari Zita , Szalai Sandor , Vogt Jürgen , Antofie Tiberiu
Published: February 2015

The past two decades of the 20th century and the first of the 21st century have been characterized by global temperature rise and increased frequency of weather‐induced extreme events such as floods, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heat waves. We investigated the heat and the cold waves in the Carpathian Region, an area whose rich biosphere is endangered by extreme events. We used the daily minimum (TN) and maximum (TX) temperature data collected in the framework of the CARPATCLIM project. Such high‐resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) gridded data range from January 1961 to December 2010. In this study, a heat wave occurs when temperature is above the 90th percentile for at least five consecutive days and a cold wave occurs when temperature is below the 10th percentile for at least five consecutive days. The percentiles have been computed over the baseline period 1971–2000. We distinguish between night‐time and daytime events and we discuss heat (and cold) waves considering at least five consecutive night and days with temperature above (below) the selected percentile. For each heat or cold wave event, we assigned duration, severity, and intensity. For these parameters and for frequency, we performed linear trend analysis for the period 1961–2010. The trends have been computed on an annual and seasonal basis and tested for statistical significance. Different spatial patterns of heat and cold waves characterize the Carpathian Region: heat wave events show general increase in all the parameters considered, while cold wave events show a decrease in all the variables West to the Carpathians and an increase North–East to the Carpathians. We also compiled a list of the most relevant heat waves that hit the Carpathian Region from 1961 to 2010: out of seven events, four occurred from 2000 to 2010. Instead, the 1960s and the 1980s have been the decades most hit by severe cold waves.
Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 by myofibers in mdx mice
Authors: Torres‐Palsa Maria J. , Koziol Matthew V. , Goh Qingnian , Cicinelli Peter A. , Peterson Jennifer M. , Pizza Francis X.
Published: February 2015

Introduction: We investigated the extent to which intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1), a critical protein of the inflammatory response, is expressed in skeletal muscles of mdx mice (a murine model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy). Methods: Muscles were collected from control and mdx mice at 2‐24 weeks of age and analyzed for ICAM‐1 expression by means of Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results: Western blot revealed higher expression of ICAM‐1 in mdx compared with control muscles through 24 weeks of age. In contrast to control muscles, ICAM‐1 was expressed on the membrane of damaged, regenerating, and normal myofibers of mdx mice. CD11b+ myeloid cells also expressed ICAM‐1 in mdx muscles, and CD11b+ cells were closely associated with the membrane of myofibers expressing ICAM‐1. Conclusions: These findings support a paradigm in which ICAM‐1 and its localization to myofibers in muscles of mdx mice contributes to the dystrophic pathology. Muscle Nerve 52: 795–802, 2015
Quantitative proteomic analysis of Giardia duodenalis assemblage A: A baseline for host, assemblage, and isolate variation
Authors: Emery Samantha J. , Lacey Ernest , Haynes Paul A.
Published: February 2015

Giardia duodenalis is a gastrointestinal protozoan parasite of vertebrates and is a species complex comprised of eight assemblages, with the zoonotic assemblage A one of two subtypes infective for humans. With increasing genomic and transcriptomic data publicly available through the centralized giardiaDB.org, we have quantitatively analyzed the proteomes of eight G. duodenalis assemblage A strains (seven A1 and one A2) to provide a proteomic baseline to complement the available data. A nonredundant total of 1197 subassemblage A1 proteins and 719 subassemblage A2 proteins were identified with an average of 770 proteins in each strain. The eight strains were also searched against both assemblage A genome sequences (subassemblage A1 and A2 genomes) and demonstrated subassemblage specific differences in protein identifications, especially for variable gene families. Substantial differences were observed in the numbers and abundance in the variable surface protein family, and two different variable surface protein expression profiles that were independent of host origin, subassemblage, or geographic origin. We hypothesize that this variation in surface antigen switching events may be related to karotype and chromosomal variation, which would indicate an assemblage‐independent mechanism of diversity generation in G. duodenalis. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001272 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001272).
Quantitative proteomics analysis of the Arg/N‐end rule pathway of targeted degradation in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Zhang Hongtao , Deery Michael J. , Gannon Lucy , Powers Stephen J. , Lilley Kathryn S. , Theodoulou Frederica L.
Published: February 2015

According to the Arg/N‐end rule pathway, proteins with basic N‐termini are targeted for degradation by the Arabidopsis thaliana E3 ligase, PROTEOLYSIS6 (PRT6). Proteins can also become PRT6 substrates following post‐translational arginylation by arginyltransferases ATE1 and 2. Here, we undertook a quantitative proteomics study of Arg/N‐end rule mutants, ate1/2 and prt6, to investigate the impact of this pathway on the root proteome. Tandem mass tag labelling identified a small number of proteins with increased abundance in the mutants, some of which represent downstream targets of transcription factors known to be N‐end rule substrates. Isolation of N‐terminal peptides using terminal amine isotope labelling of samples (TAILS) combined with triple dimethyl labelling identified 1465 unique N‐termini. Stabilising residues were over‐represented among the free neo‐N‐termini, but destabilising residues were not markedly enriched in N‐end rule mutants. The majority of free neo‐N‐termini were revealed following cleavage of organellar targeting signals, thus compartmentation may account in part for the presence of destabilising residues in the wild‐type N‐terminome. Our data suggest that PRT6 does not have a marked impact on the global proteome of Arabidopsis roots and is likely involved in the controlled degradation of relatively few regulatory proteins. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001719 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001719).
The temperature dependence of the luminescence of rare‐earth‐doped semiconductors: 25 years after Favennec
Authors: O'Donnell K. P.
Published: February 2015

Twentyfive years after the publication of P. N. Favennec's seminal paper on luminescence from rare‐earth‐doped semiconductors (Electron. Lett. 25, 718–719 (1989), with 390+ citations to date) we examine the long shadow it has cast on recent studies of europium‐doped GaN, aimed at substituting for InN‐rich InGaN in red‐light‐emitting devices (LEDs). According to Favennec's principle, wider band gap semiconductors should show weaker thermal quenching, thus favouring the III‐nitrides hugely. The conventional approach to fitting temperature dependences of light emission, based on competition between radiative and non‐radiative transitions, is presented here in simplified form and an alternative fitting equation proposed. The original data of Favennec (op. cit.) is re‐examined in the light of these fitting models. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selecting Texts and Tasks for Content Area Reading and Learning
Authors: Fisher Douglas , Frey Nancy
Published: February 2015

For students to learn science, social studies, and technical subjects, their teachers have to engage them in meaningful lessons. As part of those lessons, students read informational texts. The selection of those texts is critical. Teachers can select texts worthy of attention and then align instruction and the post‐reading tasks such that students learn at higher levels.
Enhancing Core Reading Programs With Culturally Responsive Practices
Authors: Toppel Katie
Published: February 2015

Culturally responsive instruction uses, “cultural knowledge, prior experiences, frames of reference, and performance styles of ethnically diverse students to make learning encounters more relevant to and effective for them.” Because approximately 75% of districts choose to use one of the various publisher‐created reading programs, it is imperative for teachers to understand how to utilize culturally responsive teaching practices within the context of such programs. The components of culturally responsive instruction can be addressed within practices many teachers already use while implementing core reading programs (i.e. demonstrating care for students, incorporating opportunities for student collaboration, and strategically using instructional techniques to elicit better engagement). This article provides teachers with specific examples to illustrate how cultural responsiveness can be achieved when teachers thoughtfully consider the learning and communication styles of culturally and linguistically diverse students when planning cooperative learning and engagement strategies.
Reducing Transmission Risk Through High-Level Disinfection of Transvaginal Ultrasound Transducer Handles
Authors: Ngu Andrew , McNally Glenn , Patel Dipika , Gorgis Vivian , Leroy Sandrine , Burdach Jon
Published: February 2015

Intracavity ultrasound transducer handles are not routinely immersed in liquid high-level disinfectants. We show that residual bacteria, including pathogens, persist on more than 80% of handles that are not disinfected, whereas use of an automated device reduces contamination to background levels. Clinical staff should consider the need for handle disinfection.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–4
Carrots and Sticks: Achieving High Healthcare Personnel Influenza Vaccination Rates without a Mandate
Authors: Drees Marci , Wroten Kathleen , Smedley Mary , Mase Tabe , Schwartz J. Sanford
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE

Achieving high healthcare personnel (HCP) influenza vaccination rates has typically required mandating vaccination, which is often challenging to implement. Our objective was to achieve >90% employee influenza vaccination without a mandate.

DESIGN

Prospective quality improvement initiative

SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS

All employees of a 2-hospital, 1,100-bed, community-based academic healthcare system.

METHODS

The multimodal HCP vaccination campaign consisted of a mandatory declination policy, mask-wearing for non-vaccinated HCP, highly visible “I’m vaccinated” hanging badges, improved vaccination tracking, weekly compliance reports to managers and vice presidents, disciplinary measures for noncompliant HCP, vaccination stations at facility entrances, and inclusion of a target employee vaccination rate (>75%) metric in the annual employee bonus program. The campaign was implemented in the 2011–2012 influenza season and continued throughout the 2012–2013 through 2014–2015 influenza seasons. Employee compliance, vaccination, exemption and declination rates were calculated and compared with those of the seasons prior to the intervention.

RESULTS

Compared with vaccination rates of 57%–72% in the 3 years preceding the intervention, employee influenza vaccination increased to 92% in year 1 and 93% in years 2–4 (P<.001). The proportion of employees declaring medical/religious exemptions or declining vaccination decreased during the 4 years of the program (respectively, 1.2% to 0.5%,P<.001; 4.4% to 3.8%,P=.001).

CONCLUSIONS

An integrated multimodal approach incorporating peer pressure, accountability, and financial incentives was associated with increased employee vaccination rate from ≤72% to ≥92%, which has been sustained for 4 influenza seasons. Such programs may provide a model for behavioral change within healthcare organizations.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2015;00(0): 1–8
Effect ofn-3 PUFA supplementation at different EPA:DHA ratios on the spontaneously hypertensive obese rat model of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Molinar-Toribio Eunice , Pérez-Jiménez Jara , Ramos-Romero Sara , Romeu Marta , Giralt Montserrat , Taltavull Núria , Muñoz-Cortes Mònica , Jáuregui Olga , Méndez Lucía , Medina Isabel , Torres Josep Lluís
Published: February 2015

The increasing incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a combination of risk factors before the onset of CVD and type 2 diabetes, encourages studies on the role of functional food components such as long-chainn-3 PUFA as preventive agents. In the present study, we explore the effect of EPA and DHA supplementation in different proportions on spontaneously hypertensive obese (SHROB) rats, a model for the MetS in a prediabetic state with mild oxidative stress. SHROB rats were randomised into four groups (n7), each supplemented with EPA/DHA at ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2, or soyabean oil as the control for 13 weeks. The results showed that in all the proportions tested, EPA/DHA supplementation significantly lowered total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, compared with those of the control group. EPA/DHA supplementation at the ratios of 1:1 and 2:1 significantly decreased inflammation (C-reactive protein levels) and lowered oxidative stress (decreased excretion of urinary isoprostanes), mainly at the ratio of 1:2. The activity of antioxidant enzymes increased in erythrocytes, abdominal fat and kidneys, with magnitudes depending on the EPA:DHA ratio. PUFA mixtures from fish affected different MetS markers of CVD risk factors in SHROB rats, depending on the ratios of EPA/DHA supplementation. The activation of endogenous defence systems may be related to the reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
For Love of a Statue: A Reading of Plato's Symposium 215A-B
Authors: Steiner Deborah
Published: February 2015

In her conversation with Socrates, Diotima explains that ‘all men are pregnant both in body and soul, and when they come of age, our nature desires to give birth; it cannot give birth in anything ugly, only in what is beautiful’ (206c). The man who has been pregnant with wisdom, moderation and justice in his soul since early youth, now wishing ‘to beget and give birth’ (209b), goes in search of a beautiful boy in whose company he may produce his offspring. Through passionate communion with the youth, ‘he conceives and gives birth to what he has been carrying inside him for ages’ (209c), engendering the instructive speeches on virtue and other matters which he delivers to the beloved. Diotima's equation between physical and mental parturition seems so appropriate and intuitively right that we tend to gloss over the real puzzle of her account: in this mode of procreation, which holds good for literal as well as spiritual birth, pregnancy precedes the actual moment of intercourse. The reading of theSymposiumI wish to offer may not explain the biology of this unlikely reproductive act, but aims to set the riddle within the context of a leitmotif that weaves through the larger text: statues, and the particular mode of love they experience and inspire, are uniquely able to perform acts of autonomous generation.
Older People, Personalisation and Self: an alternative to the consumerist paradigm in social care
Authors: O'ROURKE GARETH
Published: February 2015

Personalisation of social care for adults is a key policy objective in the United Kingdom (UK), as in many other welfare states, having gained wide acceptance as essential for the empowerment of service users and as a means of managing increasing population demand. The system of personal budgets being established in the UK pursues twin objectives: aiming to ‘empower’ individuals to achieve ‘more for less’. However, there is mixed evidence that either objective is being achieved in practice. This is especially so in respect of older people who are less likely to accept a personal budget and more likely to be dissatisfied with their experience of using one. A qualitative study of eight cases in two local authority areas in England explored older people's experience of using a personal budget taken in the form of a direct payment. Data were elicited through a series of three in-depth interviews with each participant. The study was concerned with understanding the relationship between participants' experience of ‘Self’ and personalised services. Participants experienced personalisation when paid carers perceived and accommodated their ‘special requirements of Self’. In most cases this was achieved despite the consumerist aspects of personalisation rather than because of them, and often gave rise to risk and dilemma. The findings emphasise the importance of holistic assessment, and commissioning for quality over maximising choice.
Maximum load of flexible joint manipulators using nonlinear controllers
Authors: Korayem A. H. , Rahagi M. Irani , Babaee H. , Korayem M. H.
Published: February 2015

The main innovation of this paper is determining the dynamic load carrying capacity (DLCC) of a flexible joint manipulator (FJM) using a closed form nonlinear optimal control approach. The proposed method is compared with two closed loop nonlinear methods that are usually applied to robotic systems. As a new idea, DLCC of the manipulator is considered as a criterion to compare how well controllers perform point to point mission for the FJMs. The proposed method is compared with feedback linearization (FL) and robust sliding mode control (SMC) methods to show better performance of proposed nonlinear optimal control approach. An optimal controller is designed by solving a nonlinear partial differential equation named the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. This equation is complicated to solve exactly for complex dynamics so it is solved numerically using an iterative approximation combined with the Galerkin method. In the FL method, angular position, velocity, acceleration and jerk of links are considered as new states to linearize the dynamic equations. In the case of SMC, the dynamic equations of manipulator are changed to the standard form then the Slotine method is used to design the sliding mode controller. Two simulations are performed for a planar and a spatial Puma manipulator and performances of controllers are compared. Finally an experimental test is done on 6R manipulator and the Stereo vision method is used to determine the position and orientation of the end-effector.
The Use of Haddon’s Matrix to Plan for Injury and Illness Prevention at Outdoor Music Festivals
Authors: Hutton Alison , Savage Christine , Ranse Jamie , Finnell Deb , Kub Joan
Published: February 2015

Introduction

Mass-gathering music events, such as outdoor music festivals (OMFs), increase the risk of injuries and illnesses among attendees. This increased risk is associated with access to alcohol and other drugs by young people and an environment that places many people in close contact with each other.

Aim

The purpose of this report was to demonstrate how Haddon’s matrix was used to examine the factors that contributed to injuries and illnesses that occurred at 26 OMFs using data from the Ranse and Hutton’s minimum data set.

Methods

To help understand the kinds of injuries and illnesses experienced, Hutton et al identified previous patterns of patient presentations at 26 OMFs in Australia. To develop effective prevention strategies, the next logical step was to examine the risk factors associated with each illness/injury event. The Haddon matrix allows event practitioners to formulate anticipatory planning for celebratory-type events.

Results

What was evident from this work was that the host, the agent, and the physical and social environments contributed to the development of injuries and illness at an event. The physical environment could be controlled, to a certain extent, through event design, safety guidelines, and legislation. However, balancing cultural norms, such as the importance placed on celebratory events, with the social environment is more difficult.

Discussion

The use of the Haddon matrix demonstrates that interventions need to be targeted at all stages of the event, particularly both pre-event and during the event. The opportunity to promote health is lost by the time of post event. The matrix provided vital information on what factors may contribute to injury at OMFs; form this information, event planners can strategize possible interventions.

HuttonA,SavageC,RanseJ,FinnellD,KubJ.The use of Haddon’s matrix to plan for injury and illness prevention at outdoor music festivals.Prehosp Disaster Med2015;30(2):1-9
Factors Associated with Failure of Non-invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in a Critical Care Helicopter Emergency Medical Service
Authors: Lee James S. , O’Dochartaigh Domhnall , MacKenzie Mark , Hudson Darren , Couperthwaite Stephanie , Villa-Roel Cristina , Rowe Brian H.
Published: February 2015

Introduction

Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) is used to treat severe acute respiratory distress. Prehospital NIPPV has been associated with a reduction in both in-hospital mortality and the need for invasive ventilation.

Hypothesis/Problem

The authors of this study examined factors associated with NIPPV failure and evaluated the impact of NIPPV on scene times in a critical care helicopter Emergency Medical Service (HEMS). Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation failure was defined as the need for airway intervention or alternative means of ventilatory support.

Methods

A retrospective chart review of consecutive patients where NIPPV was completed in a critical care HEMS was conducted. Factors associated with NIPPV failure in univariate analyses and from published literature were included in a multivariable, logistic regression model.

Results

From a total of 44 patients, NIPPV failed in 14 (32%); a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) <15 at HEMS arrival was associated independently with NIPPV failure (adjusted odds ratio 13.9; 95% CI, 2.4-80.3; P=.003). Mean scene times were significantly longer in patients who failed NIPPV when compared with patients in whom NIPPV was successful (95 minutes vs 51 minutes; 39.4 minutes longer; 95% CI, 16.2-62.5; P=.001).

Conclusion

Patients with a decreased level of consciousness were more likely to fail NIPPV. Furthermore, patients who failed NIPPV had significantly longer scene times. The benefits of NIPPV should be balanced against risks of long scene times by HEMS providers. Knowing risk factors of NIPPV failure could assist HEMS providers to make the safest decision for patients on whether to initiate NIPPV or proceed directly to endotracheal intubation prior to transport.

LeeJS, O’DochartaighD, MacKenzieM, HudsonD, CouperthwaiteS, Villa-RoelC, RoweBH. Factors associated with failure of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in a critical care helicopter Emergency Medical Service. Prehosp Disaster Med2015; 30(2): 1–5
Making mental health an integral part of sustainable development: the contribution of a social determinants framework
Authors: De Silva M. J.
Published: February 2015

There have been repeated calls to include mental health in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), arguing that progress in development will not be made without improvements in mental health. Although these calls are starting to gain political traction, currently only a tiny fraction of international development work includes mental health. A social determinants framework may be useful in incorporating mental health into sustainable development because it promotes a multi-sectorial and multi-disciplinary approach which is the corner stone of good development practice. Two approaches are suggested to make mental health a part of sustainable development: (1) integrate mental health into existing development programmes to promote social and economic environments that prevent mental health problems developing; (2) ensure that mental health programmes are better at promoting sustainable development by preventing the negative social and economic consequences of mental illness. Real-world examples of these approaches are provided. To achieve this, the mental health impact of wider development programmes, and the social and economic consequences of mental health interventions, must be evaluated. Development agencies should ensure that they have equity for mental health in all their policies, and investment must be increased for those mental health prevention, promotion and treatment programmes which have the greatest impact on sustainable development. The SDGs bring the promise of a more holistic approach to development. It is now the task of global mental health to demonstrate not just that mental health is an integral part of sustainable development, but that affordable and effective solutions exist which can improve mental health and development more broadly.