bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Composite Wrap Architecture on Strengthening of Concrete Due to Confinement: II-Strain and Damage Effects
Authors: Karbhari Vistasp M. , Howie Ian
Published: July 2017

The increasing deterioration of infrastructure due to the combined effects of aging and environmental weathering, including the detrimental effect of salt and chlorides has created a critical problem related to rehabilitation and renewal. The use of composite wraps on deteriorated concrete piers and columns presents a potentially rapid and efficient means of strengthening the structure, as well as providing a coating that serves to protect the previously weakened structure from further environmental exposure and degradation. This study investigates the use of unidirectional carbon fabric used as an overlay on column specimens for the purposes of strengthening. Specimens wrapped with a variety of fiber orientations and number of layers were loaded statically under uniaxial compression. Experimental results on strain and damage effects are discussed and related to wrap architecture. Experimental results indicate significant enhancement of strength and pseudo-ductility of the specimens, and experimental results provide a good basis for the understanding of the interaction between the wrap and the dilated concrete.
Study on the Characteristic Stress-Life Curve of Different Materials and Failure Modes
Authors: Xu Luoyu
Published: July 2017

The effective flaw model is developed to describe the S-N curves of different materials and failure modes. By introducing the concepts of the “equivalent static loading” and the “equivalent number of cycles,” a new data fitting technique suggested by the present paper has some physical meaning. Using the simplified form of the present characterization, only a few tests are required to describe the sketch of unknown material S-N curve under the fatigue loading.
Effects of Thermal Cycling on Damage Progress in Interlaminar-Toughened CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates
Authors: Ogihara Shinji , Matsuo Keigo , Kobayashi Akira , Takeda Nobuo
Published: July 2017

Effects of thermal cycling on transverse cracking behavior in interlaminartoughened CFRP cross-ply laminates are investigated. Material systems used are T800H/363 1 carbon/epoxy composite with FM300 epoxy resin film between 0°/90° interface (T800H/363 I -FM300) and T800H/3900-2 with polyamide particle-dispersed layers at every ply interface. The laminate configurations are cross-ply (0/90n/0) where n = 4, 8 and 12. The laminates are thermally cycled between -70°C and 1500 up to 100 cycles. No damage is observed by the thermal cycles. After thermal cycling, the laminates are subjected to static tensile loading at room temperature. The transverse crack density in 90° ply is measured as a function of the laminate strain by using the replica technique. It is found that transverse crack behavior depends on the number of thermal cycles. Transverse crack density increases as the number of thermal cycles increases. Change in thermal residual strain in 900 ply is measured as a function of the number of thermal cycles by measuring the deformation of an unsymmetric laminate. The effects of thermal cycles on the transverse cracking are characterized by a micromechanical model considering the thermal residual stresses.
Evolution of Transverse Cracking in CF/Epoxy Cross-Ply Laminates under Creep Loading
Authors: Ogi K. , Takao Y.
Published: July 2017

The evolution of transverse cracking in a cross-ply laminate which deforms viscoelastically is investigated. A model predicting the strain under creep loading is established by a combination of the viscoelasticity theory, shear lag analysis and delayed failure concept. The creep strain and transverse crack density of the cross-ply laminates are measured during creep tests. TWo stages of time for transverse cracking are observed in the creep tests. Predicted creep strains using the present model agree well with the experimental ones.
Processing Envelopes for Supplemental Internal Resistive Heating during Thermosetting Composites Cure
Authors: Zhu L. , Pitchumani R.
Published: July 2017

Reducing the processing time, while ensuring a desired product quality is vital to lowering the cost of composites. The use of embedded conductive carbon mats, generating supplemental internal resistive heating, offers the potential to achieve this objective, and forms the focus of the present study. This paper presents a numerical model, validated by experiments, for a parametric investigation of the cure process. Based on the parametric study, processing windows are identified by considering practical constraints. Furthermore, the optimal number of carbon mats embedded in the composite and their power density are determined as a function of the dimensionless parameter with the objective of minimizing the cure time while simultaneously satisfying the practical constraints.
Verification of a Simulation Model for Resin Film Infusion of Complex Shaped Composite Structures
Authors: Caba A. C. , Rattazzi D. , Batra R. , Loos A. C.
Published: July 2017

Resin film infusion (RFI) has been found to be a cost-effective technique for the fabrication of complex shaped composite parts for primary structural applications. Dry textile preforms are infiltrated, consolidated, and cured in a single step, eliminating the labor to lay-up prepreg tape. The large number of processing variables and the complex material behavior during infiltration and cure make experimental optimization of the RFI process extremely inefficient.

The objective of this work was to develop and verify a three-dimensional model to simulate the RFI process. For a specified pressure and temperature cure cycle the code can predict resin pressure, viscosity and degree of cure, flow front progression, and temperature distribution in the preform and tooling components. The model was divided into submodels which describe resin flow, heat transfer, and resin kinetics. A finite element/control volume approach was used to model the flow of the resin through the preform. Boundary conditions include specified pressure, specified flow rate, and vents. A finite element formulation of the transient heat conduction equation was used to model the heat transfer. Thermal boundary conditions include either specified temperature or convection. The code was designed to be modular so the flow problem could be solved alone, or coupled with the thermal problem. The problems are solved sequentially in a quasi-steady state fashion.

Non-isothermal experiments with a reactive resin were conducted to verify the thermal module and the resin model. A two blade stiffened panel, fitted with sensors, was manufactured using the RFI process. Thermocouples were used to measure the temperatures, and FDEM (dielectric) sensors and pressure transducers were used to monitor the flow front progression. Model predictions and experimental results were found to be in close agreement for the temperatures and flow front progression. The predicted and measured infiltration times matched to within 12%, and the temperatures to within 5%.
Lead waste glasses management: Chemical pretreatment for use in cementitious composites
Authors: Bursi Elena , Barbieri Luisa , Lancellotti Isabella , Saccani Andrea , Bignozzi Maria
Published: July 2017

This article investigates the effect of a low-impact chemical treatment based on a nitrilotriacetic acid chelating agent on the reactivity of funnel glass derived from discarded cathode ray tubes. Treated and untreated glass has been recycled either as a supplementary cementing material or as a fine aggregate in cementitious mortars. The effect of the treatment on the chemical and morphological properties of cullets, as well as on the solubility in an alkaline environment has been evaluated. Data so far collected underline a change in glass cullets characteristics that consequently affects their behaviour in cementitious mortars, reducing the pozzolanic activity as supplementary cementing material, but strongly decreasing the tendency towards alkali silica reactions when added as a fine aggregate. The leaching behaviour of lead on treated and untreated glass and on derived composites has been determined to verify the sustainability of the prepared materials.
Procedural Fairness, Public Service Motives, and Employee Work Outcomes: Evidence From Pakistani Public Service Organizations
Authors: Quratulain Samina , Khan Abdul Karim , Sabharwal Meghna
Published: July 2017

Studies in public administration hypothesize the direct effect of public service motivation (PSM) on employee attitudes and behavior. We examine the relationship between public employees’ perceptions of procedural fairness on job satisfaction and organizational commitment, and propose the moderating effect of PSM dimensions on the aforementioned relationships. Using a sample of 232 respondents drawn from multiple public service organizations, our findings indicate a positive relationship between procedural fairness perceptions and employee work outcomes (job satisfaction and organizational commitment). PSM dimensions of attraction to policy making (rational motive) and public interest (normative motive) moderate the relationship between procedural fairness and employee outcomes. However, their effect was significant only for individuals who experienced low levels of these motivations. The moderating effect of compassion (affective motive) was significant for individuals possessing high level of compassion. The implications and future research directions are discussed.
Oncologists’ and Intensivists’ Attitudes Toward the Care of Critically Ill Patients with Cancer
Authors: Nassar Antonio Paulo , Dettino Aldo Lourenço Abadde , Amendola Cristina Prata , dos Santos Rodrigo Alves , Forte Daniel Neves , Caruso Pedro
Published: July 2017

Background:

Patients with cancer represent an important proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Oncologists and intensivists have distinct knowledge backgrounds, and conflicts about the appropriate management of these patients may emerge.

Methods:

We surveyed oncologists and intensivists at 2 academic cancer centers regarding their management of 2 hypothetical patients with different cancer types (metastatic pancreatic cancer and metastatic breast cancer with positive receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and HER-2) who develop septic shock and multiple organ failure.

Results:

Sixty intensivists and 46 oncologists responded to the survey. Oncologists and intensivists similarly favored withdrawal of life support measures for the patient with pancreatic cancer (33/46 [72%] vs 48/60 [80%], P = .45). On the other hand, intensivists favored more withdrawal of life support measures for the patient with breast cancer compared to oncologists (32/59 [54%] vs 9/44 [21%], P < .001). In the multinomial logistic regression, the oncology specialists were more likely to advocate for a full-code status for the patient with breast cancer (OR = 5.931; CI 95%, 1.762-19.956; P = .004).

Conclusions:

Oncologists and intensivists share different views regarding life support measures in critically ill patients with cancer. Oncologists tend to focus on the cancer characteristics, whereas intensivists focus on multiple organ failure when weighing in on the same decisions. Regular meetings between oncologists and intensivists may reduce possible conflicts regarding the critical care of patients with cancer.
Evaluating Special Education Teachers’ Classroom Performance: Rater Reliability at the Rubric Item Level
Authors: Lawson Janelle E. , Cruz Rebecca A.
Published: July 2017

Classroom observations are an integral component of teacher evaluation systems, but little is known about who is best qualified to observe and evaluate special educators, who have a specialized skillset, and whether observation instruments adequately reflect their instructional practices. In this study, 19 special education teachers in California and Idaho each contributed three video-recorded classroom lessons. Using rubric items designed to reflect efficacious instructional practices for teaching students with disabilities, school administrators and peers scored the teachers’ lessons. Rater reliability and sources of error variance were examined using generalizability theory. Findings indicate that peers were more reliable raters than school administrators, who did not have expertise in special education, and the school administrators’ ratings varied at the rubric items level. Implications for classroom observation systems are discussed.
Hanging Out Together, Surviving on Your Own: The Precarious Communities of Day Laborers
Authors: Fernández Matías
Published: July 2017

How does one make sense of a group of migrant men who spend much of their time together over several years, share a space as well as a social position, and behave in some respects like close friends, yet do not develop stable relationships of solidarity and collective forms of self-perception? What are the micro-foundations of these precarious communities? Drawing upon eight months of ethnographic fieldwork at three day labor sites in Los Angeles, this article explores three interlocking processes that sustain one of the most radical forms of marginality in contemporary the United States. It analyzes the economic, political, and cultural dispossession of day laborers through (1) market competition, (2) the embodiment of an undocumented status, and (3) the internalization of cultural exclusion. These individualizing mechanisms are argued to truncate basic forms of mutual solidarity, producing and reproducing the precarious communities of day laborers.
A semantic model for axiomatic systems design
Authors: Wang Haoqi , Zhang Xu , Tang Chengtong , Thomson Vincent
Published: July 2017

Design of large-scale engineering systems such as an automobile, satellite, or airplane is a process to satisfy requirements by making various decisions. Design axioms provide system designers with a theoretical background to make right decisions. However, the axiomatic systems design is still hard to be implemented in the real word due to its informal representation for both the human and machine, and few researches focus on formalizing concepts of this process. In order to define axiomatic systems design models to be both user-understandable and machine-readable, this paper combines axiomatic design process with the Semantic Web technology and proposes an axiomatic design semantic representation model, called axiomatic design ontology, which organizes customers’ requirements, functional requirements, design parameters, and design solutions. The class of concepts elements and their semantic relationships are defined by the Web Ontology Language (OWL2). Rules for identifying functional couplings (the Independence Axiom) and selecting the optimal design solution (the Information Axiom) are formally represented and encoded with the Semantic Web Rule Language, which enhances the reasoning capability of the axiomatic design ontology. A framework for capturing systems design semantic information based on the axiomatic design ontology, and aligning it with domain-specific ontologies according to the semantic mapping approach has been developed, by which elaborated design information is captured and shared. Finally, a case study of systems design of a satellite solar wing subsystem is given to demonstrate the proposed axiomatic design ontology-based systems design approach.
Predictive energy management for hybrid electric vehicles considering extension of the battery life
Authors: Wang Xiaonian , Ma Siwei , Wang Jun
Published: July 2017

Hybrid electric vehicles offer potential for reducing the oil consumption and the generation of greenhouse gases, but they have a high battery price and short battery longevity. This paper presents an energy management strategy for power-split hybrid electric vehicles, which seeks not only to reduce the gasoline consumption but also to prolong the battery life. The instantaneous battery usage is penalized by its influence on the battery lifespan. This influence is defined by a new concept of battery ageing, i.e. the battery-fading index, which represents the ageing rate of the battery in various conditions. The multi-objective optimization problem is achieved by a model predictive control framework. The results indicate that the proposed energy management strategy effectively reduces battery fading with only a relatively small increase in the fuel consumption.
Regulation of p53 and survivin by prodigiosin compound derived from Serratia marcescens contribute to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Sam MR , Pourpak RS
Published: July 2017

Tumor suppressor p53 and proto-oncogene survivin are challenging targets for anticancer drugs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) which are associated with chemoresistance. Yet, no p53 and survivin-modulating drug with low toxicity and high efficacy has been approved for clinical application in ALL. Consequently, the search for novel compounds which target p53 or survivin is needed to further advance ALL treatment. Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite of Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in cancer cells with no toxicity on normal cells. However, the possible potential of prodigiosin as p53- and survivin-modulating agent in ALL cells has not been investigated. Wt-p53 Molt-4 cells were treated with 100 to 600 nM prodigiosin, after which, viability, cell proliferation rates, survivin and p53 protein levels, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis were evaluated. After 24-, 48-, and 72-h treatments with 100 to 600 nM prodigiosin, cell proliferation rates were measured to be 93.7–77.3%, 75.5–58.3%, and 55–23.3%, respectively. Treatment for 48 hours with 100 to 600 nM prodigiosin resulted in 41–19% decrease in survivin protein levels followed by 450–950% increases in caspase-3 activation levels. Prodigiosin induced remarkably p53 accumulation and increased p53/survivin and caspase-3/survivin ratios by 6.1 to 11.3 and 10.3 to 47.5-fold at 100 to 600 nM, respectively. Survivin protein levels were inversely proportional to p53 accumulation levels. Low survivin protein levels combined with high levels of p53 accumulation were correlated to higher apoptotic rates. P53 and survivin as molecular targets of prodigiosin contribute to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in ALL cells and this compound represents an attractive p53- and survivin-modulating agent in ALL.
Smoking and Carboxyhaemoglobin Concentrations in Mothers and Their Newborn Infants
Authors: Višnjevac V. , Mikov M.
Published: July 2017

There were significantly higher carboxyhaemoglobin blood concentrations in mothers who were smokers than those in mothers who were non-smokers and ex-smokers ( P < 0.001). Carboxyhaemoglobin blood concentrations in newborn infants were nearly one-third higher than those in their mothers. Newborn infants from mothers who smoked had lower birthweights and higher carboxyhaemoglobin blood concentrations than those in newborn infants from mothers who were non-smokers and ex-smokers. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk for a baby. This finding shows the importance of women giving up smoking during pregnancy.
Coma and Metabolic Acidosis Early in Severe Acute Paracetamol Poisoning
Authors: Flanagan R. J. , Mant T. G. K.
Published: July 2017

1 Coma and profound metabolic acidosis early in acute paracetamol poisoning have been described in three patients. 2 Of five further patients (four female, one male, aged 17–80 years) with severe poisoning (plasma paracetamol concentration > 800 mg/l, 4–12 h postingestion), four were deeply unconscious on admission and two had a severe metabolic acidosis. 3 Signs of hepatorenal damage were minimal and no additional poisons were detected except salicylates (plasma concentration 290 mg/l) in one instance. Plasma paracetamol half-lives were prolonged (median 9.4 h, range 4.8–39 h) and one patient sustained massive hepatic damage and a further patient died despite treatment with intravenous acetylcysteine. 4 Paracetamol poisoning, when associated with exceptionally high plasma concentrations, can give rise to coma and metabolic acidosis in the absence of hepatic failure or other drugs. Although unusual, other such presentations may not have been recognized because a toxicology screen was not performed.
Toxicological Studies in a Distalgesic Addict
Authors: Roberts I. , Flanagan R. J. , Strang J. , Prescott L. F.
Published: July 2017

1 The disposition and kinetics of paracetamol, dextropropoxyphene and their metabolites were investigated in an addict who claimed to be taking 80–100 Distalgesic tablets daily regularly. 2 Plasma concentrations of paracetamol, dextropropoxyphene and their principal metabolites were measured after an oral dose of 15 Distalgesic tablets. 3 The absorption of paracetamol and dextropropoxyphene was rapid with peak plasma concentrations at 15 and 30 min respectively. The elimination half-life for paracetamol was 2.3 h. Nordextropropoxyphene remained at steady state with very high plasma concentrations (5 mg/l). The urinary excretion of paracetamol and metabolites was not abnormal. The total recovery of paracetamol was only 31% of the dose. 4 Apart from raised plasma γ-glutamyltransferase activity there was no biochemical evidence for paracetamol-induced hepatocellular damage despite ingestion of 97.5 g of paracetamol over the 11 days of the withdrawal period.
Time indicator of the Human Development Index
Authors: Ibar-Alonso R , Cosculluela-Martínez C , Hewings GJD
Published: July 2017

The Human Development Index, computed by the United Nations, has been challenged since it does not measure the real development of a country. It needs to be combined with other indexes and ratios (poverty, Gini index). Using the same data as the United Nations, an additional dimension (time) is added to create a Time Human Development Index (THDI) where the weights differ for each cluster of countries. Fisher discriminant functions classify countries in each period of time, allowing different weights of the variables for the same country each year. Results suggest that when the Literacy and gross enrolment rates decrease in the four countries occupying the lower positions in the THDI, the THDI falls. In those countries where the THDI increases, gross domestic product and life expectancy rates do not seem to be positively correlated to the THDI, while the gross enrolment rate also increases. Thus, gross enrolment and literacy rates are variables related to the evolution of THDI; while, surprisingly, gross domestic product and life expectancy has few influence in its evolution.
A robust imputation method for missing responses and covariates in sample selection models
Authors: Ogundimu Emmanuel O , Collins Gary S
Published: July 2017

Sample selection arises when the outcome of interest is partially observed in a study. Although sophisticated statistical methods in the parametric and non-parametric framework have been proposed to solve this problem, it is yet unclear how to deal with selectively missing covariate data using simple multiple imputation techniques, especially in the absence of exclusion restrictions and deviation from normality. Motivated by the 2003–2004 NHANES data, where previous authors have studied the effect of socio-economic status on blood pressure with missing data on income variable, we proposed the use of a robust imputation technique based on the selection-t sample selection model. The imputation method, which is developed within the frequentist framework, is compared with competing alternatives in a simulation study. The results indicate that the robust alternative is not susceptible to the absence of exclusion restrictions – a property inherited from the parent selection-t model – and performs better than models based on the normal assumption even when the data is generated from the normal distribution. Applications to missing outcome and covariate data further corroborate the robustness properties of the proposed method. We implemented the proposed approach within the MICE environment in R Statistical Software.
A Poisson approach to the validation of failure time surrogate endpoints in individual patient data meta-analyses
Authors: Rotolo Federico , Paoletti Xavier , Burzykowski Tomasz , Buyse Marc , Michiels Stefan
Published: July 2017

Surrogate endpoints are often used in clinical trials instead of well-established hard endpoints for practical convenience. The meta-analytic approach relies on two measures of surrogacy: one at the individual level and one at the trial level. In the survival data setting, a two-step model based on copulas is commonly used. We present a new approach which employs a bivariate survival model with an individual random effect shared between the two endpoints and correlated treatment-by-trial interactions. We fit this model using auxiliary mixed Poisson models. We study via simulations the operating characteristics of this mixed Poisson approach as compared to the two-step copula approach. We illustrate the application of the methods on two individual patient data meta-analyses in gastric cancer, in the advanced setting (4069 patients from 20 randomized trials) and in the adjuvant setting (3288 patients from 14 randomized trials).
Effect of Changing Trends in Services Marketing on the Performance of a Glaucoma Clinic
Authors: Mukherjee Bhaskar , Majumdar Malini
Published: July 2017

A 5 years’ retrospective study was conducted at a Kolkata-based trust eye hospital. Records were derived from the hospital information system (HIS). From 2010 to 2015, all the other Ps of services marketing were constant except product (P1), price (P3) and promotion (P4). A paradigm shift in P1 was observed with the introduction of higher generation imported glaucoma investigation machines. Price (P3) changes of glaucoma services were observed. State-of-the-art, high-priced, top-of-the-order foreign optical coherence tomography (OCT) machine and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser machine were promoted (P4) along with regular promotion of glaucoma awareness among OPD patients through effective health communication and patient education, leading to increase of glaucoma clinic consultation financial performance from 27.8 per cent in 2011–2012 to 73.9 per cent in 2014–2015 along with other statistics. The reasons for the sudden decrease in performance in 2013–2014 was analyzed.
India: Judicial Methods By M. Hidayatullah. National Publishing House, Delhi. 1970. 48 p. Rs. 7.50.
Authors: Quraishi Z. M.
Published: July 2017

Parliament and Constitutional Amendment, National Publishing House, Delhi. 1970. XIV.
Potential Gains to Bangladesh for Imports of Selected Commodities from India and Pakistan: An Analytic Investigation
Authors: Adhikary Prakash Chandra , Biswas Md. Sirazuddin
Published: July 2017

Banglaseh is heavily dependent on imports. Share of her imports to GDP is about 14% on average over a period of 15 years from 1972 to 1986, the lowest being 8.6% in 1974 and the highest being 18.4% in 1986 as revealed in Table-1. It indicates a high degree of openness of the economy and a high average propensity to import. But since the current economic crisis caused by the sharp increase in the import prices of most of the LDCs has some adverse effects to their economies, the UN General Assembly has listed the Least Developed Bangladesh as one of the Most Seriously Affected Countries (MSA) of the world.
Mass spectrometric profiling reveals association of N-glycan patterns with epithelial ovarian cancer progression
Authors: Chen Huanhuan , Deng Zaian , Huang Chuncui , Wu Hongmei , Zhao Xia , Li Yan
Published: July 2017

Aberrant changes of N-glycan modifications on proteins have been linked to various diseases including different cancers, suggesting possible avenue for exploring their etiologies based on N-glycomic analysis. Changes in N-glycan patterns during epithelial ovarian cancer development have so far been investigated mainly using serum, plasma, ascites, and cell lines. However, changes in patterns of N-glycans in tumor tissues during epithelial ovarian cancer progression have remained largely undefined. To investigate whether changes in N-glycan patterns correlate with oncogenesis and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer, we profiled N-glycans from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue slides using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and quantitatively compared among different pathological grades of epithelial ovarian cancer and healthy controls. Our results show that among the 80 compositions of N-glycan detected, expression levels of high-mannose type were higher in epithelial ovarian cancer samples than that observed in healthy controls, accompanied by reduced levels of hybrid-type glycans. By applying receiver operating characteristic analysis, we show that a combined panel composed of four high-mannose and three fucosylated neutral complex N-glycans allows for good discrimination of epithelial ovarian cancer from healthy controls. Furthermore, using a statistical analysis of variance assay, we found that different N-glycan patterns, including 2 high-mannose-type, 2 fucosylated and sialylated complex structures, and 10 fucosylated neutral complex N-glycans, exhibited specific changes in N-glycan abundance across epithelial ovarian cancer grades. Together, our results provide strong evidence that N-glycomic changes are a strong indicator for epithelial ovarian cancer pathological grades and should provide avenues to identify novel biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
Molecular detection of viral agents in free-ranging and captive neotropical felids in Brazil
Authors: Furtado Mariana M. , Taniwaki Sueli A. , de Barros Iracema N. , Brandão Paulo E. , Catão-Dias José L. , Cavalcanti Sandra , Cullen Laury , Filoni Claudia , Jácomo Anah T. de Almeida , Jorge Rodrigo S. P. , Silva Nairléia dos Santos , Silveira Leandro , Ferreira Neto José S.
Published: July 2017

We describe molecular testing for felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1), feline calicivirus (FCV), alphacoronavirus 1 (feline coronavirus [FCoV]), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) in whole blood samples of 109 free-ranging and 68 captive neotropical felids from Brazil. Samples from 2 jaguars ( Panthera onca) and 1 oncilla ( Leopardus tigrinus) were positive for FHV-1; 2 jaguars, 1 puma ( Puma concolor), and 1 jaguarundi ( Herpairulus yagouaroundi) tested positive for CPPV-1; and 1 puma was positive for FIV. Based on comparison of 103 nucleotides of the UL24-UL25 gene, the FHV-1 sequences were 99–100% similar to the FHV-1 strain of domestic cats. Nucleotide sequences of CPPV-1 were closely related to sequences detected in other wild carnivores, comparing 294 nucleotides of the VP1 gene. The FIV nucleotide sequence detected in the free-ranging puma, based on comparison of 444 nucleotides of the pol gene, grouped with other lentiviruses described in pumas, and had 82.4% identity with a free-ranging puma from Yellowstone Park and 79.5% with a captive puma from Brazil. Our data document the circulation of FHV-1, CPPV-1, and FIV in neotropical felids in Brazil.
Factors Related to School Nurse Workload
Authors: Jameson Beth E. , Engelke Martha Keehner , Anderson Lori S. , Endsley Patricia , Maughan Erin D.
Published: July 2017

Recognizing the need for a school nurse workload model based on more than the number of students in a caseload, the National Association of School Nurses issued recommendations related to measuring school nurse workload. Next, a workforce acuity task force (WATF) was charged with identifying the steps needed to further the recommendations. As a first step, the WATF focused on identifying existing literature and practices related to school nurse workload. The purpose of this article is to synthesize and categorize the factors that were identified, delineate sources for collecting and retrieving these factors, and make recommendations for clinicians and researchers interested in developing instruments to measure school nurse workload.
Review Article: Spermatocytic Seminoma: Review of the Literature and Description of a New Case of the Anaplastic Variant
Authors: Lombardi Mariano , Valli Mirca , Brisigotti Massimo , Rosai Juan
Published: July 2017

The aims of this paper were to review the literature of Spermatocytic Seminoma (SS) updating its clinico-pathological features and to present a new case of the exceptionally rare variant of this tumor known as anaplastic which only five cases have been reported. Many studies have confirmed that SS is a distinct neoplasm both clinically and pathologically from classical Seminoma and it differs from the latter especially in regard to behavior, characterized by an almost complete inability to metastasize with only very few convincing examples described with metastatic behavior. There is general agreement that orchidectomy is sufficient therapy for SS and that surveillance following surgery is the preferred management option. Surprisingly, the presence of an anaplastic component does not seem to impact on this excellent prognosis. Very different is the case of sarcomatous transformation, for which further therapy after orchiectomy is advisable.
Pulmonary Blastoma in Children: Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chen Chia-Chi , Yang Sheau-Fang , Lin Pei-Chin , Luo Chi-Wen , Chou Shih-Hua , Dai Zen-Kong , Yin Hsin-Ling
Published: July 2017

Pulmonary blastoma is a rare malignant lung tumor with aggressive behavior and dismal prognosis. It is extremely rare in children aged <18 years, and little is known about its genetic alteration and pathogenesis. Although surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy have been applied in several cases, no standard treatment guidelines with sufficient evidence have been established. In this article, we report a case of a large pulmonary blastoma in a 7-year-old girl whose initial presentation was progressive dyspnea and productive cough. We subsequently present a review on cases involving young patients as well as genetic analysis data available in the literature.
Malignant Phyllodes Tumor of the Breast
Authors: Seijo Laura , Sidhu Jagmohan , Mizrachy Benjamin , Shafir Michail , Tartter Paul , Bleiweiss Ira J.
Published: July 2017

Phyllodes tumors of the breast are rare lesions that historically have been presumed to be related to fibroadenomata, largely by virtue of the entities' histologic similarities. We report four cases of malignant phyllodes tumors (cystosarcoma phyllodes) of the breast, three showing liposarcomatous differentiation and one showing chondrosarcomatous and osteosarcomatous differentiation, each of which had demonstrable histologic continuity with benign fibroadenomata; one patient had a prior and concurrent history of multiple bilateral fibroadenomata. We postulate that fibroadenomata and phyllodes tumors (benign, borderline, and malignant) may constitute a spectrum of one stromal disease analogous to mammary epithelial hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, in situ, and invasive carcinoma. Int J Surg Pathol 3(1):17-22, 1995
Pseudoangiosarcomatous Features in Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Papotti Mauro , Sapino Anna , Abbona Giancarlo , Palestini Nicola , Bussolati Gianni
Published: July 2017

Two cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid showing an angiosarcomatous pattern of growth are reported. Extensive hemorrhagic areas, strongly suggestive of a vascular tumor, characterized the gross appearance of case 1. Microscopically, pseudovascular spaces lined by elongated cells or containing nests of clear polygonal cells intermingled with red blood cells were a prominent feature in both cases. Calcitonin immunostaining was present in all neoplastic cells, both those in clear cell nests and the flat ones lining the pseudovascular spaces. A similar pattern was observed in cell block material obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy of case 2. Angiosarcoma-like medullary carcinoma of the thyroid patterns add to the long series of masquerades featuring medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and have to be considered in the differential diagnosis with hemangioendothelioma of the thyroid. Int J Surg Pathol 3(1):29-34, 1995
p53 Mutations and Tumor Progression in Well-differentiated Liposarcoma and Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
Authors: Goldblum John R. , Frank Thomas S. , Poy Ellen L. , Weiss Sharon W.
Published: July 2017

Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 have been identified in a wide variety of human tumors, including soft tissue sarcomas. Most missense mutations of p53 increase the half-life of the protein resulting in its accumulation in the nucleus. Immunohistochemical staining with a monoclonal antibody PABI801 (Oncogene Science, Uniondale, NY) detects the intranuclear accumulation of p53 protein in formalin-fixed tissue, and, thus, indicates the presence of missense mutations within the p53 gene. We compared p53 immunoreactivity in paraffin sections of low-grade sarcomas that progressed to high-grade lesions with low-grade sarcomas that had not progressed to high-grade lesions to determine if (1) histologic progression is associated with increasing incidence of p53 missense mutations, and (2) p53 missense mutations within low-grade areas are predictive of which lesions undergo histologic progression. To examine these questions we studied well-differentiated liposarcoma with and without dedifferentiation and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with and without areas of fibrosarcoma. Nuclear p53 immunoreactivity was detected in 48% (12/25) of well-differentiated liposarcoma with dedifferentiation compared to only 6% (1/17) of well-differentiated liposarcoma alone. p53 nuclear immunoreactivity was also detected in 25% (4/16) of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcoma, and in 0% (0/24) of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans lacking fibrosarcoma. In cases of well-differentiated liposarcoma with dedifferentiation and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with fibrosarcoma displaying immunoreactivity, the staining occurred almost exclusively in the high-grade areas and very infrequently in the low-grade regions as well. We conclude that histologic progression of well-differentiated liposarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is associated with increased nuclear p53 immunoreactivity. Since p53 immunoreactivity occurs infrequently in the low-grade areas of those sarcomas that had transformed to higher grade lesions, it does not appear to be a useful predictor of tumor progression in low-grade lesions. Int J Surg Pathol 3(1):35-42, 1995
Unusual Endobronchial Pulmonary Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Chong Jai Kim  , Chi Je G. , Yoo Chul-Gyu , Sung Koo Han  , Shim Youngsoo , Im Jung-Gi , Sook Whan Sung
Published: July 2017

A case of an unusual pulmonary epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is described in which two distinctive types of histologic lesion were combined. The patient was a 54-year-old man with persistent hemoptysis. The main lesion was an endobronchial tumor that had classic features of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of soft tissue. Multiple peripheral parenchymal nodules resembled features of intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor of the lung. The endothelial origin of the tumor cells was evident on both ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings, including the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies and positive immunostaining to Ulex lectin and factor VIII-related antigen. This case seems to be an example with mixture of endobronchial epitheloid hemangioendothelioma of soft tissue type and peripheral intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor histology, an association that has not been reported as yet. Int J Surg Pathol 3(1):59-64, 1995
Acute Liver Failure Due to Adenoviral Hepatitis in a Pediatric Liver Transplant
Authors: Saxena R. , Tovey D.G. , Dhawan A. , Ellis D.S. , Portmann B.C.
Published: July 2017

Adenoviral infection is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients in the pediatric age group, hepatitis caused by the serotype 5 being the most common manifestation in the liver transplant recipient. The authors report a case of a 3 1/2-year-old child in whom fatal adenoviral hepatitis developed after liver transplantation for syndromic paucity of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Allograft biopsy at 14 days showed early changes of microabscesses in the parenchyma but no inclusions. Immunohistochemistry using an adenovirus-group antibody (MAB805, Chemicon International, Harrow, England), however, demonstrated nuclear positivity in hepatocytes related to and at a distance from the lesions. As antibody titers are unreliable in an immunocompromised patient and culture results take time, immunohistochemistry for adenovirus offers a rapid diagnosis. The technique is economic and has a clear advantage on the more demanding electron microscopic screening, which was performed in the case as additional evidence. Immunohistochemistry for adenovirus should be done routinely in the presence of microabscesses to differentiate the lesion from hepatitis due to cytomegalovirus. Int J Surg Pathol 3(3) :189-194, 1996
MN Protein Immunolocalization in Uterine Cervix Carcinoma With Glandular Differentiation: A Clinicopathologic Study of a New Cancer-specific Biomarker
Authors: Costa Michael J. , Ndoye Assane , Trelford John D.
Published: July 2017

MN protein is the product of the newly described endogenous MN gene that is expressed in the tumorigenic phenotype of HeLa X fibroblast somatic cell hybrids. MN protein has carbonic anhydrase and putative DNA binding activity. With the exception of gastric mucosa, MN protein is expressed in neoplasia, particularly uterine cervix carcinoma, but not in benign tissue. This investigation examined the pathogenetic and prognostic significance of MN-protein immunoreactivity in uterine cervix carcinoma with glandular differentiation. Paraffin sections from 77 cervix carcinomas with glandular differentiations including 36 pure adenocarcinomas and 41 adenosquamous carcinomas were immunostained with anti-MN-protein (M-75 monoclonal proprietary; Ciba Corning Diagnostics, Alameda, CA). A total of 64.9% of cervix carcinomas with glandular differentiation exhibit MN-protein immunoreactivity localized to plasma membranes, cytoplasm, and some nuclei of neoplastic cells only, but not in adjacent benign tissue. The MN-protein staining intensity and distribution was as follows: 37.7% strong diffuse (≥ 50% cells positive), 19.5% strong focal (< 50% cells positive), and weak (7.8%). Immunoreactivity occurred in both squamous and glandular areas of adenosquamous carcinomas and was unrelated to histopathologic features. Follow-up information was available on 67 patients: 31 exhibited recurrent disease (7 pelvic, 14 distant, and 10 both) at 1–144 months (mean 37, median 14), and 36 were disease-free at 12–216 months (mean 67, median 44.5). MN-protein immunoreactivity (all positives, both standard diffuse and strong focal, or standard diffuse only) exhibited no association with clinical outcome. Recurrent disease was associated with nuclear grade ( P < .001), lymphatic invasion ( P < .005), size on clinical examination or pathologic evaluation ( P < .005), pelvic lymph node involvement ( P < .05), and clinical stage ( P < .05). MN-protein immunoreactivity did not correlate with these features and did not help predict which patients would develop recurrence in the good prognosis groups. Our data show that expression of MN-protein is associated with cervix carcinoma with glandular differentiation carcinogenesis. MN-protein immunolocalization may have a diagnostic role in confirming cervix carcinoma with glandular differentiation in histologically challenging cases.
Visceral Leishmaniasis of Atypical Location in Immunodepressed Patients: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Solano José García , Sánchez Carlos Sánchez , Romero Socorro Montalbán , Pérez Bartolomé García , Parra Francisco J. Espinosa , García Rafael Vilaplana , Pérez-Guillermo Miguel
Published: July 2017

Two cases of atypical location of visceral leishmaniasis in two immunodepressed patients are described. In one case, leishmaniasis was seen involving the mucosa of both the esophagus and duodenum in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient whose initial symptoms were odynophagia and esophagospasm, resulting from an esophageal ulcer. In the second case, leishmaniasis was seen in the mucosa of the colon of a human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative patient suffering from long-standing untreated pulmonary tuberculosis; the initial symptoms were fecal incontinence and diarrhea. Both patients lived in an area where leishmaniasis is endemic. As the condition of both patients improved after treatment with meglumine antimoniate, it is assumed that their symptoms were caused by leishmania organisms. Pathologists working in nonendemic areas should be aware of this protozoon when interpreting alimentary tract biopsies of immunodepressed patients, both human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative, who have visited areas where leishmaniasis is endemic.
Revision Hip Arthroplasty: A Histologic Review
Authors: Shokeir M. O. , Duncan C. P. , O'Connell J. X.
Published: July 2017

Over 120,000 hip prostheses are implanted annually in North America. The rate of revision arthroplasty for loosened large joint prostheses is burgeoning because primary arthroplasties are now performed on younger and more physically active patients. Increasingly, pathologists are being confronted with specimens from these reoperations. The histologic descriptions of the inflammatory tissue that surrounds these loosened prostheses stress the histiocytic and foreign body giant cell reaction, the appearance of the wear debris, and the utility of stromal neutrophils in identifying infection. In fact, the morphologic range of this inflammatory reaction is wider than generally reported in the literature. To define better the histopathology of the tissue surrounding loosened large joint prostheses, 104 revision hip arthroplasty specimens (1,164 hematoxylin and eosin slides, mean 11.2 per case) were examined. Multiple intraoperative bacterial cultures were obtained in 82 cases, of which 8 were positive. Foreign body giant cells and foamy histiocytes were identified in 88 and 89% of cases, respectively. Polyethylene, methylmethacrylate, and metal debris were present in 74, 78, and 63% of cases, respectively. Elemental analysis, performed in selected cases, demonstrated the presence of chromium, cobalt, and titanium, confirming that the observed metal particles were derived from detrition of the femoral component of the implant. Extensive coagulative necrosis was displayed in 67% of the cases. A distinctive papillary fibrocartilaginous metaplasia of synovium was seen in 50% of cases. Superficial fibrinous exudates were present in 62% and active bone remodeling in 49% of cases. The reactive tissue in 8% focally resembled nodular and proliferative fasciitis. Stromal neutrophils, identified in 20% of cases, strongly correlated with positive cultures ( r = .5641, P < .0001, sensitivity = 88%, specificity = 88%). Perivascular plasma cell aggregates, present in 14% of cases, also correlated with positive cultures ( r = .3290, P = .0025, sensitivity 50%, specificity 91%). Superficial fibrin and neutrophils, scattered lymphocytes, and lymphoid aggregates were all poor and insignificant predictors of infection. This study demonstrates that the spectrum of the inflammatory reaction to loosened large joint prostheses is greater than previously appreciated. The value of stromal neutrophilia and perivascular plasma cells in identifying infection is highlighted.