bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Extracts as an Inhibitor Against Aspergillosis
Authors: Olugbenga Ayobamidele , Usman Naji Gimba , Barnabas Olukotun Gbadebo
Published: May 2022

The study of the Effectiveness of Coconut (Cocos nucifera) Extract Against Aspergilosis revealed that, the testing of some brown coconut extracts, coconut water, positive control and negative control on Aspergillus sp fungi showed clear zone formed around the agar well, ethanolic extract showed 26.00 mm, 25.33 mm and 20.00 mm, for Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus brasiliensis respectively, donystatin antifungal drug was 22.67 mm, 17.67 mm and 20.83 mm for Aspergillus brasiliensis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus respectively, methanolic, aqueous, coconut water and distilled water showed no zone of inhibition. The ethanolic extract of brown coconut inhibited the growth/expansion of Aspergillus sp. The best inhibitor was acquired from the administration of ethanolic extract with an average diameter of 26.00 mm diameter of the inhibition zone. The nutritional and health implication of coconut fruit consumption should be encouraged because of its’ potency which can form the basis to exploit Cocos nucifera for therapeutic benefits.
Interest rate spread determinant based on the interdependency relationship between a bank’s loan rate and time deposit rate
Authors: Nugroho Vina , Sembel Roy , Hulu Edison , Ugut Gracia
Published: May 2022

This study analyzes the factors responsible for the lower net interest rate at commercial banks located in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines. Data were collected from 35, 10 and 13 commercial banks in Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines, respectively, from 2012 to 2020 using the Fixed effect model. The Simultaneous Equation Model was used to analyze the macroeconomic factors and banks’ specific characteristics towards Loan and Time Deposit rates. The result showed that macroeconomic factors, such as the inflation rate, significantly affect loan and time deposit rates in these countries. In Indonesia, bank competition should be reduced and banks’ stability should be higher to minimize Net Interest Margin Spread (difference between Loan Rate and Deposit Rate). In the Philippines, banks should increase their capital and liquidity. So, they will be more confident and prudent in lowering their NIM. Thailand’s banking industry has unique characteristics with high monopoly power. The bigger and greater the market share, the larger the interest rate spread on customers. Therefore, regulators in each country need to consider these important variables when making decisions on lowering the net interest rates by banks to enhance social welfare.
The role of personality traits, financial literacy and behavior on investment intentions and family support as a moderating variable
Authors: Widagdo Bambang , Roz Kenny
Published: May 2022

Investment refers to various actions taken by individuals, including the younger generation in Indonesia, to prepare for the future. There are many programs around investment offered by the government in Indonesia for the short to long term. Therefore, this study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of personality traits, financial literacy, and behavior and family support on investment intentions using a quantitative approach. In addition, this study is also intended to add to the limited empirical evidence regarding investment among students in Indonesia. The model of this research framework is based on collaboration between theory and previous research as a reference in strengthening the justification of the findings. The sample consisted of 341 students spread throughout Indonesia, while the data was collected using a questionnaire distributed online and analyzed using the Smart-PLS. The overall findings of this study indicate that personality, financial literacy, and behavior have a significant effect on investment intentions among students in Indonesia. Furthermore, financial behavior indicates the role of intermediaries, while family support does not strengthen the effect of financial literacy on investment intentions among students in Indonesia. The students who take financial management courses will be more aware of the importance of financial literacy and financial behavior for investment intentions. Recommendations for further research can relate other variables affecting investment intentions that were not examined in this study.
The use of intranasal glucocorticosteroids in the treatment of persistent allergic rhinitis after COVID-19 infection
Authors: Vladimirova T. Yu. , Popova A. M. , Popov M. N.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Modern algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) recommend a stepwise approach for managing symptoms of the disease. A part of patients with AR have symptoms that indicate to the past COVID-19 followed by significant impairment of the olfactory function. The article places special emphasis on the intranasal glucocorticosteroid option of treatment to manage nasal and general symptoms in persistent AR.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of mometasone furoate in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of persistent AR, olfactory disorders, and past COVID-19 infection.

Materials and methods. A total of 72 patients with persistent AR were included in the randomized controlled prospective study. All patients had a history of olfactory dysfunction with varied severity, which persisted after COVID-19 infection.

Results. Measuring the severity of nasal and general symptoms on Day 15 of treatment showed a positive outcome in both groups: the patients of the main group experienced changes, to a greater extent, in nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, olfactory disorders, the 

patients of the control group generally demonstrated a reduction in nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, itching and sneezing, and improvement of sleep. The final measuring of the severity of complaints on Day 30 of treatment showed that patients of the main group managed to cure the olfactory disorders (0.9 points on the VAS), nasal congestion (0.4 points on the VAS), rhinorrhea and itching (0.2 points on the VAS). Sleep disorders continued to disturb patients in both groups, its improvements in the main group were statistically insignificant.

Conclusions. The complaints of nasal congestion, impaired olfactory function and sleep disorders were noted to prevail in patients with persistent form of AR after COVID-19. The followed measuring of the olfactory function using the SST-12 screening test showed that all patients had anosmia. It has been confirmed that the use of mometasone furoate in the treatment of persistent AR in patients with severe olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19 would be appropriate.
Depilation of the external auditory canal in transcanal and endaural otosurgery
Authors: Suaifan W. H.A. , Eremeeva K. V.
Published: May 2022

Introduction. Literature review search did not show enough information to answer the question concerning the need to remove hair in the external auditory canal as a part of preoperative preparation of the surgical field in middle ear surgery with endaural and transcanal approaches.

Aim of the study. To substantiate the removal of hair from the external auditory canal during transcanal and endaural otosurgery.

Materials and methods. A prospective randomized study included 2 groups. In the first group, tympanoplasty and stapedoplasty were performed via endaural approach with and without hair removal in the external auditory canal. The effect on the intraoperative overview and postoperative wound healing was assessed. Shunting of the tympanic cavity in the second group, with transcanal approach, have been performed under the control of a microscope and endoscope. The evaluation was done via a questionnaire, it was given to the doctor before and after hair removal separately. Postoperative inflammatory reaction was also assessed.

Results. Postoperative wound healing of the external auditory canal in the first group were considered comparable between the main and the control group, and had no complications. In the second group, inflammation was absent in all patients. Hair removal significantly improve the visibility in endaural and transcanal approach.

Conclusions. Hair removal from the external auditory canal increases the visibility of the surgical field and facilitates the work of an otosurgeon. It is especially recommended as a preoperative preparation, especially for transcanal surgical interventions on the middle ear under endoscope control.
Phytotherapy of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis from the position of evidence-based medicine
Authors: Morozova S. V. , Savvateeva D. M. , Shkoda D. А.
Published: May 2022

The article highlights the problem of using phytotherapy in the treatment of the most topical inflammatory diseases of the ENT organs, namely acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Phytotherapy of ENT diseases has always attracted both doctors and patients. However, from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine there were a lot of questions about most herbal remedies due to the small number of reliable, well-controlled studies. This article presents the data of evidence-based studies on phytotherapy of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. They allow us to speak about secretolytic, secretomotor, anti-inflammatory, anti-edema, moderate antibacterial and antiviral effects of phytopreparations. A common pharmacological property of plants included in phytopreparations is the ability to block the phase of exudation and reduce the permeability of the vascular wall. Phytotherapy is a good alternative method of treatment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Data on the complex therapy of rhinosinusitis are given. Nevertheless, the safety and efficacy of phytotherapy for the treatment of patients with CRS are currently uncertain. The clinical guidelines of the Russian Ministry of Health 2021 on the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) note the following: any patient with ARS can be prescribed herbal remedies with proven anti-inflammatory and mucolytic effects in the absence of contraindications to accelerate resolution of the disease symptoms. The results of works devoted to the use of preparations of plant origin for the treatment of patients with acute and chronic sinusitis allow to estimate them as rather effective in the complex treatment of this group of patients. However, further controlled studies are required to obtain additional data on the effectiveness of phytotherapy.
Local therapy of sore throat against the background of antibiotic resistance
Authors: Egorova О. А.
Published: May 2022

Sore throat is an acutely common health problem both in Russia and around the world as a whole. This is one of the most common reasons adults and children seek primary specialized care. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics, especially for viral infections of the respiratory tract, such as acute and exacerbation of chronic tonsillopharyngitis, greatly increases the risk of developing and spreading antibiotic resistance. Up to 80% of cases of sore throat have a viral etiology of the disease, and even when the infection is bacterial, except for pyogenic streptococcus, the vast majority of cases do not require systemic antibiotic therapy. However, antibiotics are still often and unreasonably prescribed to treat sore throats. In addition, topical antibiotics for sore throats are widely available over the counter over the counter. The clinical guidelines for the treatment of acute tonsillopharyngitis indicate that systemic antibiotic therapy is indicated for patients with sore throat of streptococcal etiology. Considering the growing antibiotic resistance in the world, much attention is paid to over-the-counter treatment of sore throat, which does not contain antibiotics in its composition, namely, the appointment of local anti-inflammatory drugs that can prevent the further development of the infectious process in the throat. The combined local and systemic effects, achieved through local delivery of flurbiprofen to the inflamed tissues in throat, have led to the development of flurbiprofen 8.75 mg in different types of dosage forms (including lozenges and sprays) to treat a sore throat.
Humanitarian access in armed conflicts: current challenges
Authors: Usmanov Yu. , Martynevich A.
Published: May 2022

Humanitarian access is a crucial element of humanitarian action in situations of armed conflict since it is impossible to provide direct humanitarian assistance without it. The right of access to victims of armed conflict is a fundamental element of humanitarian action since it allows humanitarian aid organizations to make an independent assessment of needs, ensure the effectiveness of their activities and monitor the fair distribution of such aid. However, gaining and maintaining access to the population to provide humanitarian assistance is difficult for humanitarian organizations. The provision of such access may be limited by armed conflict and the fact that humanitarian access is usually considered ad hoc, so there are often no established methods or rules for granting such access. Although humanitarian access is not a new issue in international law, there are several challenges today in securing and maintaining such access in situations of armed conflict. The article will consider the problems of understanding the term "humanitarian access," the rights and responsibilities of participants in armed conflicts regarding such access, obligations, and restrictions on humanitarian organizations themselves, criteria for granting humanitarian access in various situations, the interaction of international humanitarian missions with combatant parties, challenges related to the accreditation of humanitarian missions, the coordination of the system of humanitarian assistance, and legislative, regulatory gaps. The article will suggest possible ways to solve the problems.
Legal status of human biomaterial
Authors: Korobtsova N. V.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to one of the urgent and topical problems of medical law, the problem of determining the legal status of human biological material. The changes taking place today in medicine and genetics open up a number of new opportunities for the study of man, his body and its use. Man has long been seen by science not so much as a "spiritual" value, but as a value as an "object of study" and an "object of experiment". No one denies the material essence of human organs, tissues, their ability to be the subject of a number of civil law transactions (purchase, sale, mines, storage, transportation, etc.). All this requires the legislator to look at human biological material in a new way. The law must respond to all these changes that are taking place in society, in the form of regulation of these benefits, the absence of which we see today. Public relations are developing much faster than the corresponding changes in legislation. The law can help the development of these relations, properly regulating them, and can slow down this process, which is currently happening in Ukrainian law. However, the law cannot stop the process of using human biomaterial, which has long begun. Thus, the purpose of the article is to consider the legal status of human biological material, to determine its place among the existing objects of civil rights. It is proved that the current level of development of medicine, genetics requires a new approach to the study of human biological material, its legal status and place in the system of modern civil law, which determines the relevance of the chosen research topic. Unfortunately, the legislation of Ukraine and most foreign countries does not recognize biomaterial separated from humans as an object of civil rights. However, the author concluded that the subject of a number of transactions, separated from human biomaterial, is no longer an "integral" part of the body, which only confirms the need to consider it as an independent object of civil law, which by its characteristics (material (physical) separation and the ability to act as a commodity in civil circulation) "tends" to the category of things, which is the novelty of this work.
MOVIMENTO QUÍMICA PÓS 2022, ASPIRANDO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL E SOBERANO DO BRASIL AJUDADO PELA QUÍMICA
Authors: Rocha Filho Romeu
Published: May 2022

No Brasil, comemora-se o bicentenário da independência. No planeta, celebra-se o Ano Internacional das Ciências Básicas para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Tendo esses marcos em conta, a SBQ lançou, em meados de 2021, o Movimento Química Pós 2022 – Sustentabilidade e Soberania (MQP2022), para promover atividades que façam que a Química contribua para a sustentabilidade e a soberania do Brasil nos anos que estão por vir.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pengajaran Visual Pada Setting Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Terhadap Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas XI SMA Rahmatul Asri Enrekang.
Authors: Nawawi Mursalim , Jumriani Sitti
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran aktivitas dan hasil belajar dengan menggunakan media pengajaran visual model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu. Data aktivitas belajar menggunakan tabel pengamatan aktivitas kooperatif awal, menengah, dan tingkat mahir. Sedangkan data hasil belajar berupa pengetahuan, diperoleh dengan tes hasil belajar dalam bentuk  instrumen soal ujian yang hasilnya dianalisis secara statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa di kelas eksprimen, aktivitas belajar terjadi peningkatan yang cukup baik dan bersemangat belajar  pada tiap pertemuan, sedangkan kelas kontrol aktivitasnya terlihat fluktuatif, kadang  terjadi peningkatan, kadang pula terjadi penurunan aktivitas belajar. Begitupun dari segi hasil belajar, siswa dikelas eksprimen, hasil belajarnya lebih baik  daripada hasil belajar siswa di kelas kontrol. Penggunaan media pengajaran visual pada setting model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Peningkatan aktivitas belajar yang terjadi secara terus menerus akan meningkatkan hasil belajar dengan sendirinya.
Pengembangan E-Book Interaktif Tumbuhan Berbiji dengan Pendekatan Saintifik dan Kontekstual
Authors: Oktafiani Rizka Okta , Retnoningsih Amin , Widiatiningrum Thalita
Published: May 2022

Pengembangan e-book interaktif merupakan solusi karena menjadi sumber belajar buku yang berbasis digital. Pengembangan e-book dirancang menggunakan pendekatan saintifik dan kontekstual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan e-book interaktif dengan pendekatan saintifik dan kontekstual serta mengukur tingkat kelayakan dan keterbacaan e-book. Metode penelitian ini adalah Research and Development dengan desain pengembangan model 4-D (Four D models) oleh S. Thiagarajan, Dorothy dan Melvyn I. Semmel. Hasil pengembangan e-book diuji kelayakan dan  keterbacaan. Hasil validasi ahli materi memperoleh rata-rata 84.1 % dengan kriteria layak sedangkan hasil validasi ahli media memperoleh  rata-rata 95,2 %.  Hasil dari kelayakan e-book selanjutnya diujicobakan keterbacaan dan kepraktisan kepada guru dengan hasil 95 % dan 20 siswa dengan skala kecil memperoleh hasil 96% dengan kriteria sangat baik. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa e-book memiliki kriteria sangat baik karena memenuhi indikator yang ditentukan sebagai dasar penilaian sebagai sumber belajar untuk SMA/MA yang layak, praktis, dan efektif.
Numerical and experimental study of bird strike on a turboshaft engine
Authors: Wang Qingping , Zhao Haifeng , Wang Fei
Published: May 2022

Two bird models were established with the SPH method to simulate bird impacting on the inner wall of the particle separator and the first-stage blade of the compressor, respectively. Bird ingestion experiments were carried out to validate results of the numerical simulation. The experimental results show great consistency with the numerical simulation. Both the numerical and experimental results show that the bird would rebound in the particle separator and might enter the scavenge passage. Also, after multiple impacts in the particle separator, the bird's speed will decay to about 52 % of the initial speed. It was found in the experiments that the smaller birds were more likely to cause serious damage to the blade of the compressor while the big ones might be jammed by the inlet guide vane.
Determination of sulfur in Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt composites by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy
Authors: Zhao Yan , Xie Yanyan , Bai Xiaoyan , Gao Yan , Hu Mengqiao
Published: May 2022

Due to diverse applications of Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt (LiNixCoyMnz, NCM) composites in advanced electronics and material/alloy, the analysis of impurity composition is an important areas for evaluating its quality. In this paper, the sulfur determination in NCM composites by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was proposed. The coexisting impurities effect of Si, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Ni, Cr and main matrix was investigated. Using the optimized conditions, a good linear relationship of sulfur was exhibited in the range of 0-10 mg/L (r≥ 0. 9999), the standard addition recovery was 98.11-102.07 % and the RSD was 3.69 %, the levels of coexisting impurities lower than 5.0 % has no obvious interference on the determination of sulfur. This method could be served as a reliable determination of trace sulfur content in NCM composites.
Diagnosis and analysis of twin-tube shock absorber rattling noise in electric vehicle
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Zheng Yaochen , Gong Xiaoping , Li Peiran , She Yangjia
Published: May 2022

To address the rattling noise issue of a Twin-tube hydraulic shock absorber for a electric vehicle, a road test and subjective evaluation were performed. The diagnostic method of the rattling noise source of the shock absorber is studied, and three methods are used to process the test date: the fast Fourier transform can only obtain the main frequency band of the rattling noise; and the short-time Fourier transform can roughly diagnose the frequency band and the occurrence time; using wavelet transform technology combined with displacement signal can accurately lock the source of rattling noise in the rebound stroke. Furthermore, combined with the internal valve configuration of the shock absorber, the rattling noise source is diagnosed in the rebound valve and the compensation valve. The time of rattling noise and the corresponding working stroke of shock absorber can be quickly locked by using the wavelet transform, which is of great significance to solve the problem of shock absorber rattling noise caused by deficiency design of the internal valve architecture of the shock absorber.
Simulation analysis of seismic dynamic response of small interval tunnel in deep backfill area based on model test
Authors: Xue Yunchuan , Sun Guodong , Jin Xiaoguang
Published: May 2022

In order to reveal the seismic dynamic response law of small interval tunnel in soil rock backfill area, relying on the subway section tunnel project, a three-dimensional finite element model is established on the basis of model test to analyze the seismic dynamic response of tunnel lining structure and foundation pile. The results show that: 1) under the action of earthquake, the greater the peak acceleration of seismic wave , the stronger the stratum nonlinearity; 2) under the action of Kobe wave and Wolong wave, the bending moment of the left and right spandrels of the tunnel is the largest in the X direction, showing an “X” shape distribution as a whole; In the Y direction, the bending moment at the arch foot of tunnel lining is the largest, and the overall distribution shape is an inverted “V”; 3) under the action of Kobe wave and Wolong wave, the tensile stress and shear stress of the lining of the left and right tunnels are the largest at the left and right arch feet, showing an “X” shape distribution as a whole; 4) under the action of different peak Kobe wave and Wolong wave, the horizontal displacement of tunnel-pile structure gradually increases with the increase of height, and reaches the maximum at the top of lining arch.
An intelligent polyurethane material with self-healing at sub-zero temperatures enabled by copolymerization and dual dynamic bonds
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zheng Jian , Zhang Xiao , Liu Yahao , Yu Guibo , Jia Yunfei
Published: May 2022

The damage to propellant is unavoidable during the production, storage, transportation, and application, resulting in huge safety risks. It is greatly significant to endow the matrix (polyurethane) of the propellant with self-repairing properties. Herein, the copolymerization and double dynamic bonds cross-linking strategies were applied to the polyurethane design, and an intelligent polyurethane material that can self-repair at sub-zero temperatures was successfully prepared. The self-repairing efficiency of the polyurethane is 70.1 % and the elongation at break is ~1424 % at –40 ℃ for 12h.While at –20 ℃ for 12 h, the self-repairing efficiency is 77.9 % and the elongation at break is as high as ~1649 %, which is rare in the existing literature. The intelligent polyurethane material synthesized in this paper possesses an excellent application prospect in the field of composite solid propellant and has important military significance.
Ecotoxicological effects of total flavonoids in Cirsium japonicum DC on Microcystis aeruginosa
Authors: Liu Ling , Chen Yaru , Liu Haitao , Wu Ruojie , Tong Xingbo , Yin Mengru , Liu Bangshuang
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the use of biological methods to control water bloom has become an ecological approach. In this research, the effect of total flavonoids extracted by ethanol in Cirsium japonicum DC seeds on Microcystis aeruginosa cell density and morphological changes was assessed via six treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L). Chlorophyll a, carotenoid, phycocyanin (PC), and allophycocyanin (APC) content were analyzed. Also, adversity indicators variance including malondialdehyde (MDA), O2−., and antioxidant isozyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate oxidase (APX) were revealed. The results showed M. aeruginosa density was significantly influenced by C. japonicum DC total flavonoids in a negative dose-response. After 9 days of treatment, density decreased by 58.8%, and algal cells shrank severely under treatment of 50 mg/L total flavonoids. In addition, the chlorophyll a, carotenoid and PC content displayed a decreasing trend compared to the control, meanwhile contents of MDA, APC (except 50 mg/L treatment), activity of O2−., SOD and APX increased. This study shows the total flavonoids of C. japonicum DC has higher biological activities and can interfere with growth of M. aeruginosa. It was concluded that C. japonicum DC may be useful to control harmful water bloom.
Isolation, Bioactivities, and Synthesis of Lamellarin Alkaloids: A Review
Authors: Duc Dau Xuan , Quoc Nguyen Van
Published: May 2022

Lamellarin alkaloid is a large class of marine alkaloids with diverse bioactivities.
These heterocycles have been isolated from diverse marine organisms, mainly ascidians and
sponges. They possess a fused 14-phenyl-6H-[1]benzopyrano[40,30:4,5] pyrrolo[2,1-
a]isoquinoline or non-fused 3,4-diarylpyrrole-2-carboxylate ring systems. Until now, more
than 50 lamellarins have been isolated from marine organisms. Various lamellarins exhibit
valuable bioactivities, such as cytotoxicity, topoisomerase I inhibition, protein kinases inhibition,
multidrug resistance reversal, and anti-HIV-1 activity. Due to their valuable biological
activity, the synthesis of lamerallins has received great attention of chemists and a vast number
of synthetic methods have been developed. This article gives overview of studies on lamellarins
isolation, their bioactivities, and synthetic approaches for their total synthesis.
ZFPM2-AS1: An Oncogenic Long Non-coding RNA in Multiple Cancer
Types
Authors: Tan Fangshun
Published: May 2022

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a novel kind of RNA transcript with lengths greater
than 200 nucleotides. Functionally, lncRNAs lack the potential to encode peptides or proteins.
Previous studies unveiled that lncRNA participated in numerous physiological and pathological
processes, including cancer, aging, and immune responses. Newly discovered long noncoding
RNA zinc finger protein, Friend of GATA (FOG) family member 2‑antisense 1 (ZFPM2-AS1),
located on the 8q23 chromosome, acts as a tumor stimulator in various cancer types, including
Breast Cancer (BC), Colorectal Cancer (CRC), Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC),
Gastric Cancer (GC), glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD),
melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), Retinoblastoma (RB), Small Cell Lung Cancer
(SCLC) and thyroid cancer. Accumulative evidence also elucidated that ZFPM2-AS1 dysregulation
was related to tumor proliferative, migratory, invasive, anti-apoptotic, and pro-epithelial-tomesenchymal
Transition (EMT) effects, larger tumor volume, higher tumor weight, advanced tumor
stage, high rates of lymphatic metastasis, distant metastasis, poor prognosis, histological differentiation,
higher TNM (tumor, node, metastases) stage, depth of tumor invasion, reduced overall and disease-
free survival, vein invasion, and shorter 5-year overall survival. Mechanistically, ZFPM2-AS1
acted as a ceRNA to play its oncogenic role. Thus, this study summarized the specific mechanisms
of the lncRNA ZFPM2-AS1 in the aforementioned cancer types to reveal its novel application in
cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
Anti-TLR4 IgG2 Prevents Acetaminophen-induced Acute Liver
Injury through the Toll-like Receptor 4/MAPKs Signaling Pathway
in Mice
Authors: Yao Chuanxia , Wang Yiwen , Gong DanDan , Feng Tian , Zhang Yaqiong , Wang Chunhui , Wang Maorong , Zhu Jin
Published: May 2022

Background and Objective:

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used antipyretic and
analgesic. If taken in excess, it can cause severe drug-induced acute liver injury. The purpose of
this study was to investigate the effects of anti-TLR4 IgG2 on APAP-induced liver injury and its
underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

We injected APAP into the abdominal cavity of mice to establish a liver injury model.
Mice were divided into the control group, APAP group, and APAP + anti-TLR4 IgG2 group. In order
to verify the implication of the toll-like receptor4 and mitogen-activated protein kinases activation
(TLR4/MAPKs) signaling pathway, mice were intraperitoneally injected with a TLR4 / MAPKs
inhibitor anti-TLR4 IgG2. We evaluated the effects of TLR4 IgG2 on the antioxidant, anti-apoptotic,
anti-inflammatory, and liver histopathology of APAP mice. In addition, the expression of the TLR4 /
MAPKs signaling pathway was detected by Western blot.

Results:

Our study showed that APAP mouse models were successfully established; however,
pretreatment with anti-TLR4 IgG2 alleviated APAP-induced hepatic injury, as evidenced by the 24-h
survival rate. Meanwhile, anti-TLR4 IgG2 prevented the elevation of serum biochemical parameters
and lipid profile. Furthermore, compared with the APAP group, hepatic antioxidants, including 3-
Nitrotyrosine, high mobility group protein B1, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, were
increased in APAP + anti-TLR4 IgG2 group. In contrast, a significant decrease was observed in the
levels of the malondialdehyde, which is a lipid peroxidation product. Moreover, the western blotting
analysis showed that anti-TLR4 IgG2 treatment inhibited the activation of the apoptotic pathway by
increasing Bcl-2 and decreasing Bax, P53, and cleaving caspase-3 / caspase-3 protein expression.
These results were further validated by TUNEL staining and immunohistochemical.
Histopathological observation also revealed that pretreat-ment with anti-TLR4 IgG2 could
significantly reverse hepatocyte inflammatory infiltration, congestion, and necrosis in liver tissues by
APAP. Importantly, anti-TLR4 IgG2 effectively alleviated APAP-induced liver injury by inhibiting tolllike
receptor4 and mitogen-activated protein kinases activation signaling pathways (TLR4/MAPKs).

Conclusion:

The results clearly suggest that the underlying molecular mechanisms in the
hepatoprotection of anti-TLR4 IgG2 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity may be due to its antioxidation,
anti-apoptosis, and anti-inflammation effects through inhibition of the TLR4/MAPKs
signaling axis.
Spray Drying as an Effective Method in the Development of Solid Self-
Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Chawla Pooja A. , Kumar Mohit , Faruk Abdul , Chawla Viney
Published: May 2022

Most of the new drug candidates and present ones are lipophilic, which leads to low bioavailability.
Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) have emerged as promising formulation
system for poorly water-soluble drug candidates. Over the last two decades, various such drug compounds
were used by researchers for the development of SEDDS. At present, many SEDDS formulations
are also available in the market. Though SEDDS offer many advantages but drawbacks like low
drug loading, few dosage form choices, difficulty in handling and storage led to the solidification of
this system by various methods. Solidification by spray drying technique offers a lot of advantages like
scalability and stability. This particular method is the focus of this review. Adsorbent carriers have the
most significant role in the fate of this formulation and its compatibility with the drug candidate. This
review addresses the advantages, method of development, spray drying specifications, and characterization
of S-SEDDS in detail. Furthermore, the prospect of turning spray-dried SEDDS into tablets by
punching which offers potential advantages of increased bioavailability and stability has also been
discussed.
Development and Evaluation of Biotin Functionalized Fullerenes for the
Delivery of Irinotecan to Colon Tumors
Authors: Dhiman Shikha , Kaur Amardeep , Gupta Girdhari L. , Sharma Manu
Published: May 2022

Background:

Background: Irinotecan is a promising antitumor agent approved by FDA for intravenous
use in colon cancer treatment either alone or in combination. It is a topoisomerase inhibitor and by
blocking the topoisomerase-I enzyme, it causes DNA damage and results in cell death. However, it
lacks selectivity and specificity for tumor cells, resulting in systemic toxicity. Thus, it is essential to
reduce its side effects and improve therapeutic efficacy.

Objective:

The study aimed to improve the therapeutic efficacy and minimize the toxic effects of irinotecan
by developing a fullerene functionalized biotin drug delivery system and adsorbing irinotecan
on the surface of the functionalized fullerene-biotin complex.

Methods:

Fullerene (C60) has been observed as a potential drug delivery agent and the aminefunctionalized
C60-NH2 was synthesized by functionalizing ethylenediamine on the surface of C60. The
PEI functionalized C60 was further synthesized by polymerization of aziridine on the surface of C60-
NH2. Biotin was attached by an amide linkage to C60-PEI and the anti-colon cancer drug irinotecan (IRI)
was encapsulated (C60-PEI-Biotin/IRI). The C60-PEI-Biotin/IRI was characterized and evaluated for in
vivo anti-colon cancer activity in rats and the results were compared with the parent drug irinotecan.

Results:

The results showed that C60-PEI-Biotin/IRI conjugate had a controlled release profile according
to in vitro HPLC studies. Moreover in vivo anti-tumor studies suggested that the conjugate proved to be
less toxic to vital organs and had high efficacy towards tumor cells. Statistical studies confirmed less
tumor index and tumor burden in the case of conjugate when compared to irinotecan.

Conclusion:

It is hypothesized that the conjugate (C60-PEI-Biotin/IRI) could cross the cell membrane
easily through overexpressed biotin receptors on the cell surface of colon cancer cells and showed better
efficacy and less toxicity in comparison to IRI in the colon cancer rat model.
A Concise Review on the Role of Natural and Synthetically Derived
Peptides in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Das Alakesh , Deka Dikshita , Banerjee Antara , Radhakrishnan Arun Kumar , Zhang Hong , Sun Xiao-Feng , Pathak Surajit
Published: May 2022

Colorectal cancer being the second leading cause of cancer-associated deaths has become a significant health concern around the globe. Though there are various cancer treatment approach-es, many of them show adverse effects and some compromise the health of cancer patients. Hence, significant efforts are being made for the evolution of a novel biological therapeutic approach with better efficacy and minimal side effects. Current research suggests that the application of peptides in colorectal cancer therapeutics holds the possibility of the emergence of an anticancer reagent. The primary beneficial factors of peptides are their comparatively rapid and easy process of synthesis and the enormous potential for chemical alterations that can be evaluated for designing novel pep-tides and enhancing the delivery capacity of peptides. Peptides might be utilized as agents with cy-totoxic activities or as a carrier of a specific drug or as cytotoxic agents that can efficiently target the tumor cells. Further, peptides can also be used as a tool for diagnostic purposes. The recent analysis aims at developing peptides that have the potential to efficiently target the tumor moieties without harming the nearby normal cells. Additionally, decreasing the adverse effects, and unfold-ing the other therapeutic properties of potential peptides, are also the subject matter of in-depth analysis. This review provides a concise summary of the function of both natural and synthetically derived peptides in colorectal cancer therapeutics that are recently being evaluated and their potent applications in the clinical field.
COVID-19 in G6PD-deficient Patients, Oxidative Stress, and Neuropathology
Authors: Hernández-Ochoa Beatriz , Ortega-Cuellar Daniel , González-Valdez Abigail , Cárdenas-Rodríguez Noemí , Mendoza-Torreblanca Julieta Griselda , Contreras-García Itzel Jatziri , Pichardo-Macías Luz Adriana , Bandala Cindy , Gómez-Manzo Saúl
Published: May 2022

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is an enzyme that regulates energy metabolism
mainly through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). It is well known that this enzyme participates
in the antioxidant/oxidant balance via the synthesis of energy-rich molecules: nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH), the reduced form of flavin adenine dinucleotide
(FADH) and glutathione (GSH), controlling reactive oxygen species generation. Coronavirus disease
19 (COVID-19), induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2),
is a public health problem that has caused approximately 4.5 million deaths since December 2019.
Concerning the role of G6PD in COVID-19 development, it is known from the existing literature
that G6PD-deficient patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are more susceptible to thrombosis and
hemolysis, suggesting that G6PD deficiency facilitates infection by SARS-CoV-2. Concerning
G6PD and neuropathology, it has been observed that deficiency of this enzyme is also present with
an increase in oxidative markers. Concerning the role of G6PD and the neurological manifestations
of COVID-19, it has been reported that the enzymatic deficiency in patients infected with SARSCoV-
2 exacerbates the disease, and, in some clinical reports, an increase in hemolysis and thrombosis
was observed when patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine (OH-CQ), a drug with oxidative
properties. In the present work, we summarize the evidence of the role of G6PD in COVID-
19 and its possible role in the generation of oxidative stress and glucose metabolism deficits, and
inflammation present in this respiratory disease and its progression including neurological manifestations.
Molecular Docking Simulation-based Pharmacophore Modeling to Design
Translation Inhibitors Targeting c-di-GMP Riboswitch of Vibrio cholera
Authors: Mujwar Somdutt , Pardasani Kamalraj
Published: May 2022

Background:

Vibrio cholera is a facultative pathogenic bacterium that causes cholera pandemics, primarily in nations with hot and humid climates and large bodies of water containing a large quantity of organic debris. Consumption of V. cholera contaminated water or food causes acute diarrheal illness, followed by severe dehydration and mortality. Cholera is a highly infectious illness, with over 4 million cases recorded globally each year, and over a hundred thousand deaths.

Objective:

The only known therapy for cholera infection is oral rehydration solution along with antibiotics. Excessive antibiotic use causes pathogens to acquire antimicrobial drug resistance, resulting in a loss of efficacy. Furthermore, antibiotics are accompanied with a plethora of unfavorable side effects, restricting their usage.

Methods:

A Riboswitch is a non-homologous proteinaceous therapeutic target that plays a regulatory role in the crucial process of bacterial translation. As a result, the bacterial riboswitch was investigated as a surrogate target for developing a therapeutic medication against V. cholera.

Results:

In-silico screening with 24407 ligands was performed against the bacterial riboswitch to identify potential lead candidates, followed by pharmacophore modeling and bioisosteric lead modifications to design potential leads having an antagonistic impact on the pathogenic bacterial riboswitch

Conclusion:

The riboswitch-based innovative therapy was anticipated to be devoid of the issues connected with the development of antimicrobial drug resistance as well as the unwanted side effects associated with antibiotic usage.
Renal Artery Resistive Index and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Aksu Yusuf , Uslu Ali Ugur , Tarhan Gulten , Tiryaki Şaban
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may affect many organs and systems,
especially the kidney as well as the liver. While NAFLD’s renal impacts can be evaluated via the estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), its effects on renal hemodynamic changes can be monitored
with the renal resistive index (RRI). Our aim in this study is to evaluate RRI and eGFR in NAFLD
patients.

Materials and methods:

In this study, a total of 69 patients with NAFLD and 50 age- and gendermatched
healthy controls were included. The basic clinical and laboratory parameters of patient and
control groups were assessed and recorded.

Results:

In the patient group, the RRI was observed as 0.64±0.06 and eGFR value as 86±52
(mL/min/1.73m2), while in the control group, the RRI was 0.61±0.05 and eGFR was 95.40±20.21
(mL/min/1.73m2). Compared to the control group, the RRI and eGFR values were significantly different
in the patient group (PRRI=0.003 and PeGFR=0.025). There was a negative correlation observed
between the RRI and eGFR (r=-0.347, P=0.003). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis suggested
that the optimum RRI cut-off value for patients with NAFLD is 0.62, with 65% sensitivity and
60% specificity (p=0.002). There was an independent relationship found between the RRI and eGFR
according to the linear regression analysis (β=-0.301, P=0.015).

Conclusion:

This study shows that RRI may be an indicator of renal functions, such as eGFR in patients
with NAFLD.
Microwave-Assisted: An Efficient Aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-
Coupling Reaction of the Substituted 1H-1,2,3-Triazoles
Authors: Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Avula Satya Kumar , Rehman Najeeb Ur , Csuk Rene , Das Biswanath
Published: May 2022

Background:

A variety of natural products reveal the presence of the 1H-1,2,3-triazole
moiety in their chemical structures. In general, these molecules also play a significant role in the
agrochemical, medicinal and pharmaceutical industries. Microwave-assisted reactions have attracted
great interest for researchers to synthesize 1H-1,2,3-triazole compounds in shorter times with
increased yields.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to optimize the purity and yield of the product, shorter the
reaction time, and make the reaction more eco-friendly with the help of microwave-assisted organic
synthesis.

Methods:

The present work elucidates a very simple but efficient and rapid, highly productive
synthesis of various substituted 1H-1,2,3-triazole series, using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling
reaction, employing microwave irradiation in water with tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB).
Utilizing (S)- (-) ethyl lactate as the starting material, the synthesis of the substituted 1H-1,2,3-
triazole aryl bromide (1) was achieved.

Results:

This compound (1) was subjected to the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction under
microwave irradiation, using a variety of aryl boronic acids in an aqueous medium, to attain high
yields of the target products, namely 3a-w. Overall, this is an environmentally benign, very efficient
technique under microwave irradiations as a green and eco-friendly source. Only those methodologies
that involve microwave-assisted reactions during synthesis in a related manner have
been reviewed.

Conclusion:

Microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions in the water of substituted
1H-1,2,3-triazole series can be employed to quickly explore and increase molecular diversity
in synthetic chemistry. In this respect, microwave-mediated methods help researchers to make
helpful studies.
Investigating the Effect of Hydroxyl Functionalized MWCNT on the
Mechanical Properties of PMMA-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Patel Vijay , Joshi Unnati , Joshi Anand
Published: May 2022

Aims:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT).

Methods:

Mixing MWCNT into the polymer at very small propositions can enrich the mechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposites. Testing Specimen fabricated with 0.1wt%, 0.5wt%, 1wt% mixing ratios using extrusion and injection molding process. Computational analysis was performed through the square RVE model and analyzed with finite element analysis (FEA) using DIGIMAT simulation tool. The specimen was evaluated by ASTM D3039 for tensile strength and ASTM D7264 for flexural.

Results:

The simulated results were compared with experimental results. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) was performed to evaluate the dispersion state of nanotubes in the matrix.

Conclusion:

The impactful improvement in mechanical properties is shown in the results after addition of functionalized MWCNTs (f-MWCNT) compared to pure polymer and non- functionalized MWCNT composites.
Hologram QSAR and Topomer CoMFA Study on Naphthyridone
Derivatives as ATAD2 Bromodomain Inhibitors
Authors: lv Zhenxia , Ren Jing , Zhang Shaobo , Wang Bokai , Peng Yuxin , Yao Wu , Yuan Jintao
Published: May 2022

Background:

ATAD2 is closely related to the occurrence and proliferation of many
tumors. Thus, exploring ATAD2 inhibitors is greatly significant for the prevention and treatment
of tumors. In this study, the quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analyses of 57
naphthyridone derivatives were conducted using hologram quantitative structure–activity
relationship (HQSAR) and topomer comparative molecular field analysis (topomer CoMFA).

Method:

The 57 naphthyridone derivatives were divided into the training (44 derivatives) and
testing (13 derivatives) sets. HQSAR and topomer CoMFA models were obtained by applying the
SYBYL-X software and validated using various validation parameters. Contribution maps from the
best HQSAR model and the contour maps from the best topomer CoMFA model were analyzed.

Results:

The most effective HQSAR model exhibited significant cross-validated (q2 = 0.872) and non cross-validated (r2 = 0.972) correlation coefficients, and the most effective topomer CoMFA model had q2 = 0.861 and r2 = 0.962. Several external validation parameters, such as , , , , and , were used to calculate the correlation coefficients of the test set samples and validate both models. The result exhibited a powerful predictive capability. Graphical results from HQSAR and topomer CoMFA were validated by the binding mode in the crystal structure.

Conclusion:

The models may be beneficial to enhance the understanding of the structure–activity
relationships for this class of compounds and also provide useful clues for the design of potential
ATAD2 bromodomain inhibitors.