bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Rehabilitation in the Management of Patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Nikolikj Dimitrova Erieta , BoÅ¾inovikj Ivana , Ristovska Simona , Hadzieva Pejcikj Aleksandra , Kolevska Aleksandra , Hasani Mirjeta
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a hereditary disease with signs of chronic non-progressive motor-sensory neuropathy which is characterised by symmetric muscle atrophy and weakness of the distal portion of lower extremities.AIM: The aim is to present two cases with peroneal muscular atrophy, applied rehabilitation procedures and rehabilitation outcome.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patient DR, aged 51, and patient KH, aged 78. Both patients had weakness and pronounced atrophy of the distal portion of lower extremities, numbness down the legs, contractures in the ankles and walking difficulties. Evaluation of patients included a clinical examination, Barthel Index, Time Up and Go test, measurement of the ankle range of motion, and a manual muscle test. On admission, the Barthel Index score was 60 in the first case, and 80 in the second. The rehabilitation program included exercise therapy with for lower extremity, occupational therapy, stationary bicycle riding, galvanic current, water exercises, and ankle-foot orthoses for both legs.RESULTS: The therapy applied had no significant changes in the clinical neurological status of the patients, but yet it provided some improvement in ankle contractures, better mobility, and a more stable gait.CONCLUSION: The application of rehabilitation procedures in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease can improve their functional status and walking stability.
Milda
Authors: Bromberger Christian
Published: July 2016

La Lettone Milda (Ottovna) Bulle est une figure d’exception, aujourd’hui oubliée, de la révolution russe et des premières années du régime soviétique. Après avoir guerroyé en Azerbaïjan, contribué à l’éphémère République socialiste soviétique d’Iran, elle rejoint Moscou où, après une formation à l’Académie militaire, elle devient la première femme à porter le titre équivalent à général de brigade. Elle occupe des fonctions au nkid et au Komintern où elle milite contre les discriminations faites aux femmes dans le monde puis est muté en Bachkirie où elle contribue à la diffusion et à l’essor des cultures russe et bachkir. Elle n’échappe pas à la « grande purge stalinienne ». Figure d’exception pour avoir transgressé les frontières tracées par l’origine nationale, par la parenté, par le genre, Milda n’est pas pour autant une héroïne consacrée par l’histoire.
Katjusha
Authors: de Rapper Gilles
Published: July 2016

Cet article se propose de brosser le portrait de la photographe personnelle d’Enver Hoxha en mettant en évidence sa position unique et ambiguë, sur la frontière du public et du privé, au sein de l’organisation totalitaire de la production photographique. Cette unicité et cette ambiguïté peuvent être vues comme à l’origine de sa perception, par elle-même et par les autres, en tant que « figure d’exception », ce qui permet de poser la question du statut de l’exceptionnel dans l’Albanie communiste.
Catherine
Authors: Mahieddin Emir
Published: July 2016

Cet article étudie le parcours d’une femme qui a été, fait assez rare, pasteure d’une grande congrégation pentecôtiste, à Jönköping dans le sud de la Suède, entre 2009 et 2012. Ce cas, bien que singulier, permet de saisir l’histoire sociale de l’ensemble du mouvement pentecôtiste en Suède. La figure religieuse de Catherine est aussi un support de réflexion sur la question de la conception de la personne dans le christianisme et sur la manière dont on peut penser les individus exceptionnels en anthropologie.
« Depé »
Authors: Lestrelin Ludovic
Published: July 2016

Si le football professionnel produit de « grands hommes », les individualités consacrées ne sont pas toujours celles qu’on croit. Cet article décrit la trajectoire hors du commun d’un supporter de l’Olympique de Marseille. De spectateur anonyme à leader reconnu au stade, il est devenu un personnage renommé de la ville, objet de célébration après son décès. L’auteur étudie les discours à son sujet rapportés aux configurations sociales au sein desquelles il a évolué et met en évidence la réversibilité de la réception propre aux figures d’exception.
D’une mondialisation oubliée
Authors: Foucher-Dufoix Valérie , Dufoix Stéphane
Published: July 2016

à la fin des années 1940, en France, une expérience politique singulière a été menée par un petit groupe de personnes se présentant comme des citoyens du monde. Ils se proposaient d’œuvrer pour la mise en place d’une représentation mondiale des peuples, préalable à l’instauration d’une paix mondiale durable. L’un des moyens utilisés était la « mondialisation » des territoires, par laquelle ces derniers pouvaient déclarer leur appartenance au monde. L’étude de la mondialisation de Cahors au cours de cette période invite à s’interroger sur le lexique mondialiste de cette expérience, sur l’oubli assez général dans lequel est tombé cette entreprise, ainsi que sur ses réminiscences implicites dans les projets plus contemporains de réorganisation de la gouvernance mondiale.
Régulation différée et apprentissage en sport collectif
Authors: Mougenot Lucie
Published: July 2016

Une approche constructiviste de l’apprentissage en sport collectif implique le recours à une régulation de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage. Le rôle actif des évaluations formatives (Allal, 1991 ; Scallon, 2000) s’inscrit dans ce cadre comme un dispositif efficace pour optimiser la progression des élèves. Or les effets réels de tels dispositifs sont difficilement mesurables au quotidien. Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’impact de la mise en place d’évaluations formatives différées sur l’apprentissage en EPS, dans le but de préciser les domaines spécifiques de progression. Une étude de type ingénierie didactique a été menée dans le secondaire en EPS ( n = 46). Deux classes ont suivi une séquence d’apprentissage identique, mais une seule a bénéficié d’évaluations formatives à régulation différée (Allal, 1988). Les principaux résultats montrent que seul ce groupe ayant vécu des évaluations formatives différées, avec recours à la verbalisation et au débat d’idées, progresse de façon significative. Les élèves prennent des décisions plus pertinentes, se placent mieux pendant le jeu, ce qui entraîne une forte progression dans l’efficacité des actions motrices engagées.
Apprentissage de la prise de décision en rugby : rôle des feed-back vidéo
Authors: Pharamin François , Barthes Didier , Blandin Yannick
Published: July 2016

Les travaux s’intéressant à l’usage du feed-back vidéo (FBV) dans les acquisitions motrices sont nombreux, essentiellement limités aux habiletés fermées. En rugby, les choix tactiques constituent un des éléments déterminants de la performance mais la pertinence de ces choix est difficilement évaluable par le joueur. En effet, que ce soit en match ou à l’entraînement, le joueur a du mal à apprécier la valeur de ses décisions qui sont tributaires notamment de la valeur des adversaires et de ses partenaires. Face à ce constat, le FBV peut constituer un moyen de réguler les apprentissages décisionnels des joueurs en leur permettant de prendre conscience des indices les plus pertinents devant être pris en compte. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les effets de trois dispositifs de partage des images via internet, sur les capacités de prise de décision. Ces trois dispositifs proposent à des étudiants de licence STAPS une confrontation différée à leurs propres productions motrices. L’effet de ces trois dispositifs sur la prise de décision est évalué lors de situations de jeu. Les résultats permettent de discuter les différentes modalités de présentation du FBV en mettant en avant l’efficacité de l’association des images aux régulations verbales entre pairs ou plus encore lorsque ces images sont associées aux commentaires de l’expert.
Les valeurs des jeunes boxeurs au crible du modèle de Schwartz
Authors: Albouza Youssef , Wach Monique , Chazaud Pierre , Crémieux Jacques
Published: July 2016

Bien que la théorie des valeurs de Schwartz (1992) présente un modèle ayant une validité théorique et empirique dans différents domaines (Bardi &Schwartz, 2013), il n’existe actuellement en France que peu de travaux qui traitent cette théorie et son application en sport (Albouza, 2011). Cette contribution ambitionne d’étudier ce sujet afin de comprendre le système des valeurs sportives de 20 boxeurs âgés de 14 à 20 ans. Ces athlètes ont participé à un entretien semi-directif pour évaluer les valeurs qu’ils recherchent et maintiennent dans la continuité de leur pratique. Les résultats montrent que les valeurs de la Réussite sportive , la Sécurité et la Conformité , sont les plus exprimées par rapport à l’ Hédonisme ou le Pouvoir . Cette étude apporte une argumentation empirique en faveur de l’utilité de cette théorie pour étudier les valeurs sportives des athlètes, et elle invite les entraîneurs à prendre en compte les valeurs prioritaires de l’athlète, afin d’améliorer leur méthode d’entraînement et la performance sportive.
Management of Abdominal Solid Organ Injury After Blunt Trauma
Authors: Kohler Jonathan E. , Chokshi Nikunj K.
Published: July 2016

Injury to the solid abdominal organs—liver, spleen, kidney, and pancreas—is one of the most common injury patterns in pediatric blunt trauma. Pediatric trauma centers are becoming increasingly successful in managing these injuries without operative intervention. Well-validated guidelines have been established for liver and spleen injury management, and operative intervention is reserved for patients who show evidence of active bleeding after resuscitation. No such guidelines yet exist for the management of traumatic injury of the kidney or pancreas. Exploratory laparotomy remains the treatment of choice in patients suffering hemodynamic collapse, but interventional radiologic or endoscopic procedures are increasingly used to manage all but the most devastating solid organ injuries.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(7):e241–e246.]
Paradigm Shifts in the Treatment of Appendicitis
Authors: Mak Grace Zee , Loeff Deborah S.
Published: July 2016

Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of emergent surgery in children. Historically, surgical dogma dictated emergent appendectomy due to concern for impending perforation. Recently, however, there has been a paradigm shift in both the understanding of its pathophysiology as well as its treatment to more nonoperative management. No longer is it considered a spectrum from uncomplicated appendicitis inevitably progressing to complicated appendicitis over time. Rather, uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis are now considered two distinct pathophysiologic entities. This change requires not only educating the patients and their families but also the general practitioners who will be managing treatment expectations and caring for patients long term. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of appendicitis, including the differentiation between uncomplicated and complicated appendicitis, as well as the new treatment paradigms.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(7):e235–e240.]
A Diagnostic Approach to Autoimmune Disorders: Laboratory Evaluation: Part 2
Authors: Sahai Shashi , Adams Matthew , Kamat Deepak
Published: July 2016

Pediatricians and other pediatric health care providers in primary care settings are often faced with the challenge of evaluating patients with suspected autoimmune disorders. The first and most important step in evaluating children with suspected autoimmune disorders is taking a detailed history and performing a thorough physical examination. This step helps narrow the diagnosis, and thus helps determine appropriate laboratory evaluations. The results of laboratory tests need to be interpreted within the clinical context. It is also important to recognize that the laboratory tests have different diagnostic values in children as compared to adults.

[
Pediatr Ann
. 2016;45(7):e265–e271.]
Grain size, morphometry and mineralogy of airborne input in the Canary basin: evidence of iron particle retention in the mixed layer
Authors: Jaramillo-Vélez Alfredo , Menéndez Inmaculada , Alonso Ignacio , Mangas José , Hernández-León Santiago
Published: July 2016

Aeolian dust plays an important role in climate and ocean processes. Particularly, Saharan dust deposition is of importance in the Canary Current due to its content of iron minerals, which are fertilizers of the ocean. In this work, dust particles are characterized mainly by granulometry, morphometry and mineralogy, using image processing and scanning northern Mauritania and the Western Sahara. The concentration of terrigenous material was measured in three environments: the atmosphere (300 m above sea level), the mixed layer at 10 m depth, and 150 m depth. Samples were collected before and during the dust events, thus allowing the effect of Saharan dust inputs in the water column to be assessed. The dominant grain size was coarse silt. Dominant minerals were iron oxy-hydroxides, silicates and Ca-Mg carbonates. A relative increase of iron mineral particles (hematite and goethite) was detected in the mixed layer, reflecting a higher permanence of iron in the water column despite the greater relative density of these minerals in comparison with the other minerals. This higher iron particle permanence does not appear to be explained by physical processes. The retention of this metal by colloids or microorganisms is suggested to explain its long residence time in the mixed layer.
La poétique d’un empire européen ? Pétrarque dans L’Africa, Pétrarque en Europe
Authors: Behrens Christoph
Published: July 2016

Au-delà du Canzoniere, l’Africa, son unique épopée, est l’œuvre majeure de Pétrarque (1338-74). Scipion l’Africain, protagoniste de l’épopée éponyme, vit autant dans son œuvre que sa Laure. C’est justement la comparaison entre les deux protagonistes que la recherche prend comme point de départ pour démontrer une dimension politique européenne autant dans Petrarca volgare que dans Petrarca latino. Partant d’une critique saïdienne de l’Africa, la recherche va au-delà du binarisme Orient versus Occident. En se basant sur l’“imperial turn” apparu d’abord dans les sciences politiques, nous proposons d’établir une relation entre périphéries et centres qui soit personnalisée dans les mouvements (méta)-poétiques et intertextuels des deux protagonistes, Scipion et Laure. Nous conclurons nos analyses en avançant l’hypothèse d’une conception dynamique et performative des points cardinaux.
Intorno al “lato destro de la terra”. Nuove proposte esegetiche sull’immaginario cosmografico e geoculturale di Ariosto
Authors: Spinelli Alice
Published: July 2016

Lo scopo di quest’intervento, contestualizzato innanzitutto nel quadro dell’intenso dibattito critico sull’immaginario geografico di Ariosto (§ 1), è quello di suggerire una nuova lettura della formula « lato destro de la terra » (Orlando Furioso XXII, 24, 78). Secondo la mia tesi, tale formula, a differenza di quanto sinora postulato dalla critica, non si riferirebbe alle coordinate assolute dell’emisfero orientale del globo visualizzato su di un’immagine cartografica statica, ma piuttosto ad un sistema di orientamento relativo alla prospettiva soggettiva del personaggio in movimento. L’interpretazione qui avanzata si basa da una parte sul raffronto del verso citato con passi paralleli riscontrabili nel macrotesto del Furioso (§ 2.1), dall’altra sull’analisi delle mappae mundi alle quali il poeta ha potuto presumibilmente fare concreto ricorso (§ 2.2). In conclusione, il mio studio si propone di trarre da questa lettura puntuale delle indicazioni più generali sulle premesse epistemologiche del poema (§ 3), mostrando come l’ecumene tolemaica – seppur con integrazioni e modifiche puntuali – sembri ancora marcare in larga misura l’orizzonte geografico di riferimento dell’Ariosto.
The Four Continents e le rappresentazioni d’Europa tra retorica e storia (XIX-XX secolo)
Authors: Verga Marcello
Published: July 2016

Due immagini d’Europa si sono consolidate e convivevano nella cultura europea della prima età moderna : l’immagine dell’Europa, continente tra i continenti, civiltà tra le altre civiltà, certamente superiore agli altri continenti e alle altre civiltà ; e, dall’altro lato, l’immagine di un’Europa divisa al suo interno in popoli – nazioni o stati. Allo stesso tempo l’immagine dell’Europa è stata frazionata secondo un asse nord-sud (un’Europa del nord che domina il sud) ed insieme lungo un asse ovest-est (una ‚vera’ Europa occidentale che esclude l’est come Europa non-europea). La storia d’Europa e dell’idea d’Europa, al di là di ogni tentativo di sistemazione in un racconto lineare di costruzione di una comune identità, che ha le sue « radici » in lontani processi culturali e religiosi, politici e sociali, resta pur sempre una storia difficile da scrivere. Riprendendo le tesi di Cassano, la soluzione proposta dall’articolo è un’ “alternativa mediterranea” che serva a riposizionare l’Europa nello scenario globale. Potrebbe dare un diverso e più consapevole valore civile e umano alla costruzione di una Unione Europea, che non si limiti a guardare il Sud, il suo Mediterraneo, ma che si costruisca a partire da quel Mediterraneo, dove si incrociano culture, società, religioni, la cui diversità è un punto di forza e di contrasto alla semplicistica reductio ad unum che una certa globalizzazione vorrebbe affermare.
Novecento nord/sud. Verità e punti cardinali nello specchio d’Europa (Luigi Capuana, Leopoldo Franchetti e Sidney Sonnino)
Authors: Oster Angela
Published: July 2016

L’articolo propone un’analisi delle funzioni poetologiche dei punti cardinali presenti nel verismo italiano caratterizzato in modo programmatico dai concetti di “verità”. E’ soprattutto con l’opera di Luigi Capuana che la codificazione dei punti cardinali è stata strumentalizzata. Su questo punto, l’autore entra in polemica con i lavori contemporanei di Leopoldo Franchetti e Sidney Sonnino che, pur riferendosi al meridionalismo, sviluppano un’immagine mitica e smisurata della Sicilia. Tuttavia, la modellazione ideologica dei testi di Capuana riguardo ai punti cardinali non rimane senza correzione. Anzi, Capuana scopre l’Europa come un correttivo estetico di fronte ai nazionalismi e regionalismi esacerbati. Egli volta le spalle al “fatto vero” per dirigersi verso la “verità così così”. Così sviluppando un auto-posizionamento della Sicilia ancorata nella cultura europea, rende visibile la codificazione letteraria dei punti cardinali.
La disparition du sud. Topologie des points cardinaux dans la série Carvalho de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán
Authors: Buschmann Albrecht
Published: July 2016

La plupart des études ayant été menées jusqu’à présent sur la topologie des romans policiers de Manuel Vázquez Montalbán portent sur l’espace urbain, même si ses œuvres s’inscrivent aussi, d’emblée, dans une dimension européenne et intercontinentale. La présente contribution examine donc comment la série reconstruit d’un point de vue espagnol, depuis les années 1970, les significations que revêt le sud de l’Europe. Comparant les romans plus anciens de l’auteur et son œuvre tardive, elle décrit l’évolution des attributions culturelles qui, au fil des déplacements du détective Pepe Carvalho, font du nord et du sud, de l’ouest et de l’est les points de repère d’une quête idéologique de sens.
En villégiature, de la Méditerranée à Balbec : la culture balnéaire de Marcel Proust à Paul Morand, badineries sociales ?
Authors: Escudier Anaïs
Published: July 2016

Cette étude interroge le tourisme balnéaire tel que les espaces littéraires de Marcel Proust et de Paul Morand en acclimatent la représentation. Représentatifs des mutations sociologiques qui marquent le long XIXe siècle, ces lieux saisonniers de villégiature où fréquentent tant l’aristocratie qu’une classe nouvelle de bourgeois aisés, et dont la cartographie est arrêtée à la Belle Époque, sont le lieu d’une épiphanie qui remet en jeu les hiérarchies sociales les plus établies. Ce sont ces mutations, en perpétuelle recomposition, que suit cet article, qui montre le caractère opératoire de la métaphore picturale et du motif impressionniste venus des Marines d’Elstir, qui gouvernent en sous-main l’univers référentiel de La Recherche du temps perdu.
Enhancing Patient Care and Care Coordination using Event Notification Systems
Authors: Ton Steven H. , Noblin Alice M. , Cortelyou-Ward Kendall , Nunez Victor A.
Published: July 2016

Event notification systems (ENS) are being deployed to provide timely alerts to participating providers when their patients are being admitted, discharged or transferred (ADT) from participating hospitals. Hospitals and health information exchanges (HIE) are implementing ENS in an effort to reduce costly hospital readmissions and to improve the overall quality of patient care through improved care coordination. Today, there are numerous ENS actively facilitating care coordination across the country. For those participating providers and hospitals, coordination has been significantly improved and hospital readmissions have been reduced. Furthermore, patients and clinicians report improved patient care and care coordination, and report higher levels of patient satisfaction. Despite reported success, the application and implementation of ENS vary across the country. Some of the variability stems from the challenges that are inherent to the design of the ENS. These challenges, discussed herein, require careful consideration in order to fully realize ENS benefits.
Identification of Evolutionarily Conserved Md1 Splice Variants That Regulate Innate Immunity through Differential Induction of NF-кB
Authors: Candel Sergio , Tyrkalska Sylwia D. , García-Moreno Diana , Meseguer José , Mulero Victoriano
Published: July 2016

Although in mammals the TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor (MD)2/CD14 complex is responsible for the recognition of bacterial LPS, and it is known that the RP105/MD1 complex negatively regulates TLR4 signaling, the evolutionary history of LPS recognition remains enigmatic. Thus, zebrafish has orthologs of mammalian TLR4 (Tlr4a and Tlr4b), RP105, and MD1, but MD2 and CD14 seem to be absent from all fish genomes available to date. In addition, and to make the story more intriguing, zebrafish Tlr4a and Tlr4b do not recognize LPS, whereas the zebrafish Rp105/Md1 complex unexpectedly participates in the regulation of innate immunity and viral resistance. In this work, we report the identification of two novel splice variants of Md1, which are expressed at similar levels as full-length Md1 in the main immune-related organs of zebrafish and are highly induced upon viral infection. One of these splice variants, which is also expressed by mouse macrophages, lacks three conserved cysteine residues that have been shown to form disulfide bonds that are crucial for the three-dimensional structure of the MD-2–related lipid recognition domain of Md1. Functional studies in zebrafish demonstrate that this evolutionarily conserved splice variant shows higher antiviral activity than full-length Md1, but reduced proinflammatory activity, due to an impaired ability to activate the master regulator of inflammation, NF-κB. These results uncover a previously unappreciated evolutionarily conserved Md1 splice variant with important functions in the regulation of innate immunity and the antiviral response in zebrafish, and point to the need for additional functional studies in mammals on this little explored molecule.
Zbtb1 Safeguards Genome Integrity and Prevents p53-Mediated Apoptosis in Proliferating Lymphoid Progenitors
Authors: Cao Xin , Lu Ying , Zhang Xianyu , Kovalovsky Damian
Published: July 2016

Expression of the transcription factor Zbtb1 is required for normal lymphoid development. We report in the present study that Zbtb1 maintains genome integrity in immune progenitors, without which cells undergo increased DNA damage and p53-mediated apoptosis during replication and differentiation. Increased DNA damage in Zbtb1-mutant (ScanT) progenitors was due to increased sensitivity to replication stress, which was a consequence of inefficient activation of the S-phase checkpoint response. Increased p53-mediated apoptosis affected not only lymphoid but also myeloid development in competitive bone marrow chimeras, and prevention of apoptosis by transgenic Bcl2 expression and p53 deficiency rescued lymphoid as well as myeloid development from Zbtb1-mutant progenitors. Interestingly, however, protection from apoptosis rescued only the early stages of T cell development, and thymocytes remained arrested at the double-negative 3 developmental stage, indicating a strict requirement of Zbtb1 at later T cell developmental stages. Collectively, these results indicate that Zbtb1 prevents DNA damage in replicating immune progenitors, allowing the generation of B cells, T cells, and myeloid cells.
Dual Inhibition of Rip2 and IRAK1/4 Regulates IL-1β and IL-6 in Sarcoidosis Alveolar Macrophages and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Talreja Jaya , Talwar Harvinder , Ahmad Nisar , Rastogi Ruchi , Samavati Lobelia
Published: July 2016

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that primarily affects the lungs. Our previous work indicates that activation of p38 plays a pivotal role in sarcoidosis inflammatory response. Therefore, we investigated the upstream kinase responsible for activation of p38 in sarcoidosis alveolar macrophages (AMs) and PBMCs. We identified that sustained p38 phosphorylation in sarcoidosis AMs and PBMCs is associated with active MAPK kinase 4 but not with MAPK kinase 3/6. Additionally, we found that sarcoidosis AMs exhibit a higher expression of IRAK1, IRAK-M, and receptor interacting protein 2 (Rip2). Surprisingly, ex vivo treatment of sarcoidosis AMs or PBMCs with IRAK1/4 inhibitor led to a significant increase in IL-1β mRNA expression both spontaneously and in response to TLR2 ligand. However, a combination of Rip2 and IRAK-1/4 inhibitors significantly decreased both IL-1β and IL-6 production in sarcoidosis PBMCs and moderately in AMs. Importantly, a combination of Rip2 and IRAK-1/4 inhibitors led to decreased IFN-γ and IL-6 and decreased percentage of activated CD4+CD25+ cells in PBMCs. These data suggest that in sarcoidosis, both pathways, namely IRAK and Rip2, are deregulated. Targeted modulation of Rip2 and IRAK pathways may prove to be a novel treatment for sarcoidosis.
G2A Signaling Dampens Colitic Inflammation via Production of IFN-γ
Authors: Frasch S. Courtney , McNamee Eóin N. , Kominsky Douglas , Jedlicka Paul , Jakubzick Claudia , Zemski Berry Karin , Mack Matthias , Furuta Glenn T. , Lee James J. , Henson Peter M. , Colgan Sean P. , Bratton Donna L.
Published: July 2016

Proinflammatory consequences have been described for lysophosphatidylcholine, a lipid product of cellular injury, signaling via the G protein–coupled receptor G2A on myeloid and lymphoid inflammatory cells. This prompted the hypothesis that genetic deletion of G2A would limit intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Surprisingly, G2A−/− mice exhibited significantly worsened colitis compared with wild-type mice, as demonstrated by disease activity, colon shortening, histology, and elevated IL-6 and IL-5 in colon tissues. Investigation of inflammatory cells recruited to inflamed G2A−/− colons showed significantly more TNF-α+ and Ly6ChiMHCII− proinflammatory monocytes and eosinophils than in wild-type colons. Both monocytes and eosinophils were pathogenic as their depletion abolished the excess inflammation in G2A−/− mice. G2A−/− mice also had less IFN-γ in inflamed colon tissues than wild-type mice. Fewer CD4+ lymphocytes were recruited to inflamed G2A−/− colons, and fewer colonic lymphocytes produced IFN-γ upon ex vivo stimulation. Administration of IFN-γ to G2A−/− mice during dextran sodium sulfate exposure abolished the excess colitic inflammation and reduced colonic IL-5 and eosinophil numbers to levels seen in wild-type mice. Furthermore, IFN-γ reduced the numbers of TNF-α+ monocyte and enhanced their maturation from Ly6ChiMHCII− to Ly6CintMHCII+. Taken together, the data suggest that G2A signaling serves to dampen intestinal inflammation via the production of IFN-γ, which, in turn, enhances monocyte maturation to a less inflammatory program and ultimately reduces eosinophil-induced injury of colonic tissues.
Impact of Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Colonization and Skin Infections on Systemic Immune Responses in Humans
Authors: Alegre Maria-Luisa , Chen Luqiu , David Michael Z. , Bartman Caroline , Boyle-Vavra Susan , Kumar Neha , Chong Anita S. , Daum Robert S.
Published: July 2016

Staphylococcus aureus is both a commensal and a pathogen, and USA300, a strain that is usually methicillin-resistant but can sometimes be methicillin-susceptible, has been causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in epidemic proportions among otherwise healthy individuals. Although many people are colonized with S. aureus strains, including some with USA300, few of these colonized individuals develop SSTIs. This prompts the hypothesis that infections may develop in individuals with somewhat reduced innate and/or adaptive immune responses to S. aureus, either because prior S. aureus colonization has dampened such responses selectively, or because of more globally reduced immune reactivity. In this study, we analyzed the S. aureus colonization status and PBMC responses to innate and adaptive stimuli in 72 patients with SSTIs and 143 uninfected demographically matched controls. Contrary to the hypothesis formulated, PBMCs from infected patients obtained at the time of infection displayed enhanced innate cytokine production upon restimulation compared with PBMCs from controls, a difference that disappeared after infection resolution. Notably, PBMCs from patients infected with a documented USA300 SSTI displayed greater innate cytokine production than did those from patients infected with documented non-USA300 genotypes. Moreover, colonization with USA300 in infected patients, regardless of their infecting strain, correlated with increased production of IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-22 compared with patients colonized with non-USA300 subtypes. Thus, our results demonstrate that infected patients associated with USA300 either as an infecting strain, or as a colonizing strain, have systemic immune responses of greater magnitude than do those associated with other S. aureus subtypes.
Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics, and Predictors of Patients with Thromboembolic Events in Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Behnes Michael , Hillenbrand Dennis , Haghi Darius , Hoffmann Ursula , Papavassiliu Theano , Lang Siegfried , Fastner Christian , Becher Tobias , Baumann Stefan , Heggemann Felix , Kuschyk Jürgen , Borggrefe Martin , Akin Ibrahim
Published: July 2016

Background

Several acute complications related to takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) have been documented recently. However, the incidence and clinical significance of acute thromboembolic events in TTC is not well established.

Methods

A detailed investigation of the clinical characteristics and in-hospital complications of 114 consecutive patients diagnosed with TTC between January 2003 and September 2015 was carried out. This study was initiated to reveal the predictors, clinical significance, and short-term and long-term outcomes of patients with TTC associated with acute thromboembolic events on index presentation.

Results

The incidence of acute thromboembolic events related to TTC was around 12.2%, and these included ventricular thrombi, cerebrovascular events, retinal and brachial artery pathologies, renal, splenic, and aortic involvement. The most frequent complication on initial presentation was cardiogenic shock (20%) accompanied with pulmonary congestion (20%). Interestingly, patients experiencing thromboembolic events had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels as compared to the non-thromboembolic group ( P = 0.02). Certain thromboembolic events were characterized by the presence of ST-segment elevation in electrocardiogram ( P 0.02). Chest pain was the primary symptom in these patients ( P 0.09). Furthermore, there was significant right ventricular involvement (as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography) in patients presenting with an acute thromboembolic event ( P 0.08). A Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated a significantly higher mortality rate over a mean follow-up of three years in the thromboembolic group than the non-thromboembolic group (log-rank, P = 0.02).

Conclusions

Our results confirmed the relative common occurrence of thromboembolic events in the setting of TTC. Inflammation might play an important role in the development of thromboembolic events, and a right ventricular involvement and ST-segment elevation could be positive predictors for this occurrence. In order to circumvent the risk of a negative outcome, it is recommended that an anticoagulation therapy be initiated in all high-risk patients.
Los bloques electorales en España. Una propuesta de modelo alternativo para superar el conflicto
Authors: Marqués-Pascual Joaquín , Fondevila-Gascón Joan-Francesc , De-Uribe-Gil Clara , Marc Perelló-Sobrepere Marc Perelló-Sobrepere
Published: July 2016

La relación entre medios de comunicación y poder político siempre es observada con detalle al tratarse de dos poderes fundamentales para el buen funcionamiento de la democracia. En España (1983) se inició una praxis durante las campañas electorales: los bloques informativos de cuota, que hoy aún perdura. Es el único país del mundo que restringe la libertad de información de esa manera donde un órgano político (la Junta Electoral Central) controla la información electoral de los medios públicos aplicando criterios propagandísticos y no periodísticos. Esta práctica debilita el sistema democrático y alimenta la percepción de que los medios públicos no cumplen la función de informar libre y verazmente. Metodología: La investigación analiza la legislación de una docena de países europeos sobre esta temática y las diferentes soluciones aportadas. En paralelo, se realiza medio centenar de entrevistas con expertos (periodistas, políticos y reguladores) en aras de obtener los elementos consensuales mínimos. Resultados y conclusiones: Finalmente, se propone un nuevo modelo sustitutivo de gestión de la información electoral que logre superar el conflicto.
Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Indonesia 15 Years After Adoption of a Universal Infant Vaccination Program: Possible Impacts of Low Birth Dose Coverage and a Vaccine-Escape Mutant
Authors: Purwono Priyo Budi , Juniastuti  , Amin Mochamad , Bramanthi Rendra , Nursidah  , Resi Erika Maria , Wahyuni Rury Mega , Yano Yoshihiko , Soetjipto  , Hotta Hak , Hayashi Yoshitake , Utsumi Takako , Lusida Maria Inge
Published: July 2016

A universal hepatitis B vaccination program for infants was adopted in Indonesia in 1997. Before its implementation, the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–positive individuals in the general population was approximately 5–10%. The study aimed to investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological status and molecular profile among children, 15 years after adoption of a universal infant vaccination program in Indonesia. According to the Local Health Office data in five areas, the percentages of children receiving three doses of hepatitis B vaccine are high (73.9–94.1%), whereas the birth dose coverage is less than 50%. Among 967 children in those areas, the seropositive rate of HBsAg in preschool- and school-aged children ranged from 2.1% to 4.2% and 0% to 5.9%, respectively. Of the 61 HBV DNA–positive samples, the predominant genotype/subtype was B/adw2. Subtype adw3 was identified in genotype C for the first time in this population. Six samples (11.5%) had an amino acid substitution within the a determinant of the S gene region, and one sample had T140I that was suggested as a vaccine-escape mutant type. The low birth dose coverage and the presence of a vaccine-escape mutant might contribute to the endemicity of HBV infection among children in Indonesia.
Atypical Mansonella ozzardi Microfilariae from an Endemic Area of Brazilian Amazonia
Authors: Ta-Tang Thuy-Huong , Luz Sergio L. B. , Merino Francisco J. , de Fuentes Isabel , López-Vélez Rogelio , Almeida Tatiana A. P. , Lanza Marta , Abrahim Cláudia M. M. , Rubio José M.
Published: July 2016

Mansonellosis is endemic in several regions of Africa, the Caribbean, and Latin America. Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans have been reported in Latin America, including the Amazon region. A morphological and molecular microfilariae study was performed in Pauini (Brazil). Blood samples were collected from 40 individuals, and were analyzed by Giemsa-stained blood film and by two different nested polymerase chain reactions which detect internal transcribed spacer-1 and the major sperm protein gene. By microscopy, 14 of 40 were positive: 11 as M. ozzardi and three as M. perstans–like infections. Both molecular methods detected 19 positive cases as M. ozzardi, including those 14 individuals detected by microscopy, without detectable genetic differences among any of the 19 positive samples. Molecular techniques showed an improvement of mansonellosis diagnosis and may become an effective tool to evaluate the present status of M. ozzardi and M. perstans in Latin America.
National Malaria Prevalence in Cambodia: Microscopy Versus Polymerase Chain Reaction Estimates
Authors: Lek Dysoley , Popovici Jean , Ariey Frederic , Vinjamuri Seshu Babu , Meek Sylvia , Bruce Jan , Taylor Walter R. J. , Socheat Duong , Menard Didier , Rogers William O.
Published: July 2016

Accurate information regarding malaria prevalence at national level is required to design and assess malaria control/elimination efforts. Although many comparisons of microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based methods have been conducted, there is little published literature covering such comparisons in southeast Asia especially at the national level. Both microscopic examination and PCR detection were performed on blood films and dried blood spots samples collected from 8,067 individuals enrolled in a nationwide, stratified, multistage, cluster sampling malaria prevalence survey conducted in Cambodia in 2007. The overall malaria prevalence and prevalence rates of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium malariae infections estimated by microscopy (N = 8,067) were 2.74% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.39–3.12%), 1.81% (95% CI: 1.53–2.13%), 1.14% (95% CI: 0.92–1.40%), and 0.01% (95% CI: 0.003–0.07%), respectively. The overall malaria prevalence based on PCR detection (N = 7,718) was almost 2.5-fold higher (6.31%, 95% CI: 5.76–6.89%, P < 0.00001). This difference was significantly more pronounced for P. falciparum (4.40%, 95% CI: 3.95–4.90%, P < 0.00001) compared with P. vivax (1.89%, 95% CI: 1.60–2.22%, P < 0.001) and P. malariae infections (0.22%, 95% CI: 0.13–0.35%, P < 0.0001). The significant proportion of microscopy-negative but PCR-positive individuals (289/7,491, 3.85%) suggest microscopic examination frequently underestimated malaria infections and that active case detection based on microscopy may miss a significant reservoir of infection, especially in low-transmission settings.
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses and Murine Typhus in a Malaysian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Kho Kai Ling , Koh Fui Xian , Singh Harvinder Kaur Lakhbeer , Zan Hafizatul Anis Mohamed , Kukreja Anjanna , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Tay Sun Tee
Published: July 2016

Limited information is available on the etiological agents of rickettsioses in southeast Asia. Herein, we report the molecular investigation of rickettsioses in four patients attending a teaching hospital in Malaysia. DNA of Rickettsia sp. RF2125, Rickettsia typhi, and a rickettsia closely related to Rickettsia raoultii was detected in the blood samples of the patients. Spotted fever group rickettsioses and murine typhus should be considered in the diagnosis of patients with nonspecific febrile illness in this region.
Chiengi District, Zambia Open Defecation Free After 1 Year of Community-Led Total Sanitation
Authors: Zimba Rabson , Ngulube Vernon , Lukama Chinyama , Manangi Abel , Tiwari Amy , Osbert Nicolas , Hoehne Alexandra , Muleya Sarah , Mukosha Leonard , Crooks Philippa , Chikobo Cade , Winters Benjamin , Larsen David A.
Published: July 2016

Nearly one quarter of Zambians lack access to sanitation facilities. In rural communities, the government of Zambia adopted community-led total sanitation (CLTS) to address this problem. One year after the implementation of a mobile-to-web monitored CLTS intervention, Chiengi District, Zambia, was verified as open defecation free with complete 100% coverage of household-level latrines. Chiefs and traditional leaders led the achievement. Impacts on individual health are yet to be measured in a robust way.
The First Reported Outbreak of Chikungunya in the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2014–2015
Authors: Feldstein Leora R. , Ellis Esther M. , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Halloran M. Elizabeth , Ellis Brett R.
Published: July 2016

The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemic in the Americas is of significant public health importance due to the lack of effective control and prevention strategies, severe disease morbidity among susceptible populations, and potential for persistent arthralgia and long-term impaired physical functionality. Using surveillance data of suspected CHIKV cases, we describe the first reported outbreak in the U.S. Virgin Islands. CHIKV incidence was highest among individuals aged 55–64 years (13.1 cases per 1,000 population) and lowest among individuals aged 0–14 years (1.8 cases per 1,000 population). Incidence was higher among women compared to men (6.6 and 5.0 cases per 1,000 population, respectively). More than half of reported laboratory-positive cases experienced fever lasting 2–7 days, chills/rigor, myalgia, anorexia, and headache. No clinical symptoms apart from the suspected case definition of fever ≥ 38°C and arthralgia were significantly associated with being a reported laboratory-positive case. These results contribute to our knowledge of demographic risk factors and clinical manifestations of CHIKV disease and may aid in mitigating future CHIKV outbreaks in the Caribbean.
Oral Health of Patients Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: da Silva Jordan L , de O El Kadre Guaniara D'Arc , Kudo Guilherme AH , Junior Joel F Santiago , Saraiva Patrícia Pinto
Published: July 2016

Aim

Oral hygiene technique is an important factor in maintaining the health and comfort of hospitalized patients given the frequent presence of oral biofilm and pathogens brought on by mouth breathing. This is an important practice to assist patients in intensive care, in particular those who are intubated and under mechanical ventilation because the realization of oral hygiene reduces the patient's risk of complications and length of hospitalization. The objective of this research was to evaluate the oral health condition of patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) and to clarify the importance of protocol standardization involving these patients’ buccal hygiene.

Materials and methods

In this study, the sample consisted of 45 patients admitted to an ICU who were evaluated in relation to the oral biofilm score index.

Results

The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the biofilm score associated with the genre (p = 0.091), age group (p = 0.549), or teething profile (p = 0.207). However, the biofilm score was greater in partial and fully edentulous patients when compared with dentulous patients.

Conclusion

Based on these results, it is recommended that care providers in ICUs complete the relevant oral health care training programs.

Clinical significance

When in the ICU, suitable dental conduct following a protocol of prevention of oral biofilm can lead to earlier diagnosis and can prevent the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, particularly those that are systemic in patients with low immunity.

How to cite this article

da Silva JL, de O El Kadre GD, Kudo GAH, Santiago JF Jr, Saraiva PP. Oral Health of Patients Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):125-129.
Effect of Three Different Injection Sites on the Success of Anterior Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve Block with 3% Mepivacaine: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shokraneh Ali , Farhadi Nastaran , Saatchi Masoud , Navaei Hooman , Yaghmaei Masoud
Published: July 2016

Aim

Anterior middle superior alveolar (AMSA) nerve block injection targets the anterior superior alveolar nerve and the middle superior alveolar nerve branches of the infraorbital nerve through nutrient canals. Therefore, the central incisor to the second premolar teeth of one quadrant can be anesthetized. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of AMSA nerve block injection with 3% mepivacaine solution at three different injection sites.

Materials and methods

In a double-blind crossover study, 47 volunteers participated and three AMSA nerve block injections of 3% mepivacaine solution without epinephrine were administered at the anterior, posterior, and the most common injection sites with a 1-week interval between injections. Anesthesia of the central incisor to the second premolar of the injected side was evaluated by using an electric pulp tester. The success of the injection was considered as lack of response to two consecutive 80 readings. The generalized estimating equation analytic tests were administered (α = 0.05).

Results

The success rate of the AMSA nerve block injection ranged from 27.5–47.5% for the most common injection site and 22.5–42.5% for both the anterior and posterior injection sites.

Conclusion

Changing the injection site did not result in statistically significant improvements (p > 0.05).

Clinical significance

Changing the injection site anteroposteriorly did not influence the success rate of the AMSA nerve block injection.

How to cite this article

Shokraneh A, Farhadi N, Saatchi M, Navaei H, Yaghmaei M. Effect of Three Different Injection Sites on the Success of Anterior Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve Block with 3% Mepivacaine: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):130-135.
Assessment of a Synthetic Type IV Cast and a Resin Polyol Used in the Fabrication of Dental Models
Authors: de Jesus Tavarez Rudys Rodolfo , Carvalhal Stéphanye T , Gomes Mário GN , Malheiros Adriana S , Gonçalves Letícia M , Filho Etevaldo M
Published: July 2016

Objective

To evaluate the dimensional changes, reproduction of details, and surface roughness of a type IV cast and a resin used to fabricate dental models.

Materials and methods

Two commercial brands of materials were evaluated: a type IV synthetic cast (Fuji Rock) and a polyol resin (Novox). Twenty samples were obtained from polyvinyl siloxane molds that reproduced the surface of a metal master model standardized according to the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association specification no. 19. The materials were used according to the manufacturer's instructions and divided into two groups (n = 10). Each mold was photographed immediately after molding and 1 hour after molding. The obtained models were also photographed and measurements were obtained by using Image J software. The paired t-test was used to compare the molding materials and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the dimensional changes between the groups at a significance level of 5%.

Results

Statistically significant differences were observed between the models fabricated with the polyol resin and type IV synthetic cast with regard to reproduction of surface details, surface roughness, and dimensional stability (p < 0.05), with the resin providing superior surface detail reproduction and greater dimensional accuracy.

Conclusion

The polyol resin exhibited superior behavior regarding detail reproduction, surface roughness, and dimensional change compared with the type IV synthetic cast.

How to cite this article

Carvalhal ST, Gomes MGN, Malheiros AS, Gonçalves LM, Bandeca MC, Filho EM, De Jesus Tavarez RR. Assessment of a Synthetic Type IV Cast and a Resin Polyol Used in the Fabrication of Dental Models. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(2):160-164.