bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A survey on indexing techniques for mobility in Internet of Things': Challenges, performances, and perspectives
Authors: Badarneh Hazem Jihad , Ravana Sri Devi , Mansoor Ali Mohammed
Published: February 2020

Mobile nodes arouse new challenges that expand the performance in those environments. The nodes of Internet of Things (IoT) generate a large amount of data, which have to be stored and processed in a seamless and interpretable form by indexing. Therefore, indexing is a challenge in IoT, particularly when the nodes are mobile. The current indexing techniques dedicated to mobile environments are unsatisfying because the data are transmitted from different locations within different time periods and randomness of sensor movement. Although huge research efforts have been dedicated to this subject amid the last decades, little consideration has been paid for the research summarization and guidance. The objective of this survey is to identify the relationship between activities of mobile sensors in the context of IoT, that concerned on transferring and collecting data as well as the effectiveness of indexing techniques. The contribution of this review is to investigate the techniques of mobile IoT nodes, to find the source of challenges that adversely affect the index effectiveness. In‐depth investigation and analyses of approaches to apply IoT mobile nodes will enable the researcher to understand the behavior of mobile environments to extract the deformities that adversely affect the indexing effectiveness. The analyzed approaches are meta‐heuristic, spatial‐temporal indexing, and prediction model approach. Each approach is analyzed by discussing the features and limitations from the mobility perspectives. Furthermore, the indexing techniques are analyzed according to their features and limitations and mobile IoT indexing requirements. In conclusion, recognize and contemplate different open issues that got little focus or still unknown at this point.
Proteomic Study Reveals the Involvement of Energy Metabolism in the Fast Antidepressant Effect of (2R, 6R)‐Hydroxy Norketamine
Authors: Rahman Shafiq Ur , Hao Qiang , He Kaiwu , Li Yumeng , Yang Xifei , Ye Tao , Ali Tahir , Zhou Qiang , Li Shupeng
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Depression is a major disabling psychiatric disorder which causes severe financial burden and social consequences worldwide. Recently, (2R, 6R)‐hydroxynorketamine (HNK), a metabolite of ketamine, showed strong antidepressant effect through N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) antagonizing independent mechanism. In the current study the goal is to identify the potential intracellular molecules and pathways that might be involved in different therapeutic effects underlying HNK as compared to NMDA antagonist MK‐801.

Experimental design

Forced‐swim behavioral test, 2D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis, and MALDI‐TOF‐MS/MS proteomics are used.

Results

Compared to saline group, 14 differential proteins are identified in MK‐801 treated group, with six proteins significantly up‐regulated, while in HNK treated group 18 distinct proteins are identified with 11 proteins significantly up‐regulated. Likewise, two proteins are significantly upregulated in HNK treated group when compared to MK‐801 treated group. Among these differentially expressed proteins, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, malate dehydrogenase/ cytoplasmic, and triosephosphate isomerase are co‐affected by MK‐801 and HNK treatment. Representative protein expression changes are quantified by western blot, showing consistent results as determined by MALDI‐TOF‐MS/MS.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

The core protection mechanisms of HNK observed herein involves improving the abnormal ATP synthesis, impaired glycolysis, and the defense system therefore provides mechanistic insight and molecular targets for novel antidepressants.
Ultra‐Fine Aluminium Characterization and its Agglomeration Features in Solid Propellant Combustion for Various Quenched Distance and Pressure
Authors: Tejasvi K. , Venkateshwara Rao Vemana , Pydi Setty Yelamarthi , Jayaraman Kandasamy
Published: February 2020

Addition of micrometer‐sized aluminium powder in solid propellant increases the specific impulse whereas it also contributes to thrust loss due to two‐phase flow. Aluminium particles form large sized agglomerates during propellant burning. In this context, agglomeration feature of ultra‐fine aluminium (UFAL) in solid propellant combustion is investigated using experimental study. The synthesized UFAL powder is used with the intensity weighted harmonic mean size of 438 nm which is produced by RF induction plasma method. The morphology and purity of the UFAL is verified using SEM and EDAX studies respectively. The ultra‐fine particles are also characterized using gas volumetric method, surface area measurement and XRD analysis. Quench particle collection technique is adopted to estimate the aluminium agglomerate measurement over the pressure ranges from 2 MPa to 8 MPa. The flame quenching distance from the propellant burning surface is varied from 5 mm to 71 mm to estimate the effect on agglomerate size. The inherited residual forces of UFAL strongly influences the agglomeration process, and also the aluminium agglomerate sizes vary from propellant burning surface towards the complete aluminium combustion. The XRD and XPS results of the agglomerates show that the aluminium content decreases and alumina content increases far away from the burning surface, invariably represents the initiation of combustion process over the considered quenching distances. UFAL powder exhibits significant agglomeration with the size ranging from 11–21 μm. This will substantially benefit from exhaust signature point of view and also reduction in two‐phase flow losses to thrust in contrast to micron sized‐aluminium particles in propellant which displays large sized aluminium agglomerates.
A global plastid phylogeny of the cliff fern family Woodsiaceae and a two‐genus classification of Woodsiaceae with the description of ×Woodsimatium nothogen. nov.
Authors: Lu Ngan Thi , Zhou Xin‐Mao , Zhang Liang , Knapp Ralf , Li Chun‐Xiang , Fan Xue‐Ping , Zhou Lin , Wei Hong‐Jin , Lu Jin‐Mei , Xu Bo , Peng Yu‐Lan , Gao Xin‐Fen , Zhang Li‐Bing
Published: February 2020

The taxonomy of the cliff fern family Woodsiaceae has been controversial with 22–59 species in 1–7 genera recognized in various classifications. This is mainly due to limited taxon sampling (up to 33 accessions representing up to 21 species) and poor resolution in molecular studies so far. In the present study, DNA sequences of five plastid markers (atpA, matK, rbcL, rps4 + rps4‐trnS, trnL + trnL‐F) of 152 accessions representing ca. 43 out of ca. 65 species estimated of Woodsiaceae (122 accessions), and 30 non‐Woodsiaceae accessions from the most closely related four families (Athyriaceae, Blechnaceae, Onocleaceae, Thelypteridaceae) were used to infer a phylogeny. Our major results include: (1) Woodsiaceae are strongly supported as monophyletic; (2) Two major clades representing the deepest split in Woodsiaceae are identified, corresponding to the two recently proposed subfamilies, Woodsioideae and Protowoodsioideae; (3) Within Woodsioideae and Protowoodsioideae, two and three well‐supported subclades, respectively, are determined; (4) Cheilanthopsis is resolved as paraphyletic in relation to Hymenocystis (sampled for the first time) and Protowoodsia; (5) Physematium and Woodsiopsis are paraphyletic in relation to a clade containing Cheilanthopsis, Hymenocystis, and Protowoodsia; (6) Evolution of 13 morphological characters is inferred in a phylogenetic context, and morphological synapomorphies of each of the five major subclades are identified; (7) We propose to recognize two genera in Woodsiaceae based on deep divergence (ca. 45 Ma), morphology, chromosome number, and geographic distribution: Physematium (syn.: Cheilanthopsis, Hymenocystis, Protowoodsia, Woodsiopsis) and Woodsia (syn.: Eriosoriopsis), and Physematium is further divided into three subgenera and Woodsia into two subgenera; (8) we describe ×Woodsimatium, a hybrid genus (nothogen. nov.) between the two genera recognized. A taxonomic synopsis of the family is provided, and 15 new combinations are made.
Three‐dimensional electromagnetic thermal fluid simulation of re‐strike phenomenon in magnetically driven arc between parallel electrodes with edges
Authors: Ren Zhenwei , Kokubo Shota , Maeda Yoshifumi , Yamamoto Shinji , Iwao Toru
Published: February 2020

A magnetically driven arc does not advance smoothly between parallel electrodes with edges. The anode spot stagnates on the anode surface when the arc column and cathode spot move forward. According to experimental results, when the arc column moves closer to the anode surface, or a high‐temperature gas comes into contact with the anode, a new anode spot appears and electrical breakdown occurs. Meanwhile, the original anode spot disappears. It is well known as the re‐strike phenomenon. Also, it can be observed using a bandpass filter (520 nm) that a large amount of Cu vapor is generated whenever a new anode spot appears. Because the Cu vapor considerably increases the arc's radiative emission and has a dissimilar effect on the gas's electrical conductivity at different concentrations, a three‐dimensional electromagnetic thermal fluid simulation program that considers the metal vapor from the electrodes is proposed in this paper. Based on the experimental figures, it is able to simulate the re‐strike process by controlling the electrical conductivity of the control volume at the anode surface. In addition, the physical properties of the arc plasma, the original anode spot area, and the re‐strike point area are analyzed, in order to elucidate the occurrence conditions of the re‐strike phenomenon. The results show that the arc form is affected by the electrode jets, which leads to an increase in the electric field density between the re‐strike point and the arc column, thereby causing the re‐strike phenomenon to occur. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oxidative stress accelerates synaptic glutamate dyshomeostasis and NMDARs disorder during methylmercury‐induced neuronal apoptosis in rat cerebral cortex
Authors: Yang Tianyao , Xu Zhaofa , Liu Wei , Xu Bin , Deng Yu
Published: February 2020

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin,which leads to a wide range of intracellular effects. The molecular mechanismsassociated to MeHg‐induced neurotoxicity have not been fully understood.Oxidative stress, as well as synaptic glutamate (Glu) dyshomeostasis have beenidentified as two critical mechanisms during MeHg‐mediated cytotoxicity. Here,we developed a rat model of MeHg poisoning to evaluate its neurotoxic effectsby focusing on cellular oxidative stress and synaptic Glu disruption. Inaddition, we investigated the neuroprotective role of alpha‐lipoic acid (α‐LA), a natural antioxidant, todeeply explore the underlying interaction between them. Fifty‐six rats wererandomly divided into four groups: saline control, MeHg treatment (4 or 12μmol/kg MeHg), and α‐LApre‐treatment (35 μmol/kg α‐LA+12μmol/kg MeHg). Rats exposed to 12 μmol/kg MeHg induced neuronal oxidativestress, with ROS accumulation and cellular antioxidant system impairment. Nrf2 andxCT pathways were activated with MeHg treatment. The enzymatic or non‐enzymaticof cellular GSH synthesis were also disrupted by MeHg. On the other hand, the abnormalactivities of GS and PAG disturbed the “Glu‐Gln cycle”, leading to NMDARsover‐activation, Ca2+ overload, and the calpain activation, which acceleratedNMDARs degradation. Meanwhile, the high expressions of phospho‐p44/42 MAPK,phospho‐p38 MAPK, phospho‐CREB, and the high levels of caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl‐2 finallyindicated the neuronal apoptosis after MeHg exposure. Pre‐treatment with α‐LA significantly preventedMeHg‐induced neurotoxicity. In conclusion, the oxidative stress and synapticGlu dyshomeostasis contributed to MeHg‐induced neuronal apoptosis. Alpha‐LAattenuated these toxic effects through mechanisms of anti‐oxidation andindirect Glu dyshomeostasis prevention
NNLO QCD + NLO EW with Matrix+OpenLoops: precise predictions for vector-boson pair production
Authors: Grazzini M. , Kallweit S. , Lindert J.M. , Pozzorini S. , Wiesemann M.
Published: February 2020

Abstract

We present the first combination of NNLO QCD and NLO EW corrections for vector-boson pair production at the LHC. We consider all final states with two, three and four charged leptons, including resonant and non-resonant diagrams, spin correlations and off-shell effects. Detailed predictions are discussed for three representative channels corresponding to W+W−, W±Z and Z Z production. Both QCD and EW corrections are very significant, and the details of their combination can play a crucial role to achieve the level of precision demanded by experimental analyses. In this context we point out nontrivial issues that arise at large transverse momenta, where the EW corrections are strongly enhanced by Sudakov logarithms and the QCD corrections can feature so-called giant K -factors. Our calculations have been carried out in the Matrix+OpenLoops framework and can be extended to the production of an arbitrary colour singlet in hadronic collisions, provided that the required two-loop QCD amplitudes are available. Combined NNLO QCD and NLO EW predictions for the full set of massive diboson processes will be made publicly available in the next release of Matrix and will be instrumental in advancing precision diboson studies and new-physics searches at the LHC and future hadron colliders.
The Role of Extracellular DNA and Histones in Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Myocardium
Authors: Shah Mohammed , Yellon Derek M. , Davidson Sean M.
Published: February 2020

Despite an increase in the rates of survival in patients suffering myocardial infarction, as yet there is no therapy specifically targeting ischaemia and reperfusion injury of the myocardium. With a greater understanding of immune activation during infarction, more potential treatment targets are now being identified. The innate immune system is believed to play an important role in the myocardium after ischaemia-driven cardiomyocyte death. The release of intracellular contents including DNA into the extracellular space during necrosis and cell rupture is now believed to create a pro-inflammatory milieu which propagates the inflammatory process. DNA and DNA fragments have been shown to activate the innate immune system by acting as Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs), which act as ligands on toll-like receptors (TLRs). Stimulation of TLRs, in turn, can activate intracellular cell death pathways such as pyroptosis. Here, we review the role of DNA fragments during ischaemia and reperfusion, and assess their potential as a target in the quest to preserve cardiomyocyte viability following myocardial infarction.
Low-frequency pulse plating for tailoring the optical appearance of chromium layers for decorative applications
Authors: Leimbach Martin , Tschaar Christoph , Schmidt Udo , Bund Andreas
Published: February 2020

The optical appearance of electroplated chromium layers is a crucial factor for decorative applications. Currently in the decorative chromium plating industry the so far used hexavalent electrolytes are being replaced progressively by solutions of trivalent chromium. However, chromium deposited from trivalent baths tends to have a yellowish color hue at thicknesses beyond 100 nm, which is undesired for most applications. The shift in color is related to a change in surface morphology due to the globular growth of the chromium nuclei. By utilizing pulsed current with on-times in the range of seconds, the grain growth is suppressed and the formation of fresh nuclei is favored. As a result, the average grain size of the layer can be decreased significantly. Compact chromium layers with small grains and improved color values are formed. A blueish appearance and high brightness were maintained up to thicknesses of more than 200 nm. Based on the results a combination of constant and pulsed current is suggested, yielding similar visual appearance as in the case of pulsed current only, but reaching the targeted film thickness much faster.

Graphic abstract
A Multi-Informant Study of the Validity of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a Sample of Norwegian Adolescents with Behavior Problems
Authors: Thøgersen Dagfinn Mørkrid , Andersen Mette Elmose , Bjørnebekk Gunnar
Published: February 2020

The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits (ICU) is a widely used measure of the affective aspects of psychopathy in children and adolescents. Although a 3-bifactor model of the ICU has often been supported, method-variance effects and mixed results for the Unemotional subscale raise concerns. This study applied a multi-informant design to investigate the structural and concurrent validity of the self-, parent- and teacher-versions of the ICU in a Norwegian at-risk adolescent sample (N = 160, female = 46.3%, mean age = 14.73 years, SD = 1.47). Confirmatory Factor Analysis demonstrated method-variance effects of the standard- and reverse-scored items. The best fitting model was the 12-item 2-factor ICU, comprising a Callousness and an Uncaring factor. The scale reliabilities were acceptable with Cronbach alphas ranging from .810 to .906 across respondent groups. Cross-rater reliability was poor, with Intra Class Correlations ranging from .170 to .226. The concurrent validity of the ICU12 was supported by within-rater associations to externalizing problems, aggression, and problematic alcohol use. Cross-rater associations of ICU12-scores to self-reported delinquency and lower levels of anxiety, provided additional support for the concurrent validity. The unidimensional ICU12 total score was associated both to delinquency and rule-breaking behavior as observed for the Callousness factor and to lack of anxiety and reduced fear sensitivity as observed for the Uncaring factor. The ICU items aimed at capturing lack of prosocial emotions, seem to need revision. Future research should assess the predictive validity and clinical relevance of unidimensional versus factor models of the ICU.
Sediment structure at the equatorial mid-atlantic ridge constrained by seafloor admittance using data from the PI-LAB experiment
Authors: Saikia Utpal , Rychert Catherine , Harmon Nicholas , Kendall J. M.
Published: February 2020

Well-constrained marine sediment characteristics (sediment thickness and shear wave velocity) are important not only for the study of climate over geologic times scales but also for correcting and accounting for its presence in seismic data used to investigate deeper structures. We use data from the PI-LAB (Passive Imaging of the Lithosphere Asthenosphere Boundary) experiment, which consisted of 39 broadband ocean bottom seismometers deployed at the Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge near the Chain fracture zone covering 0–80 Myr old seafloor. We compute admittance between the pressure to the vertical displacement at the seafloor at frequencies between 0.1 and 0.2 Hz for microseism-generated Rayleigh waves for 18 stations where data quality is good to determine the sediment thickness and shear wave velocity. We find a general trend of increasing sediment thickness with the seafloor ages, as expected with sediment thicknesses that range from 10–450 m and, shear wave velocities that range from 0.05–0.34 km/s. We find sediment thickness varies almost uniformly across both sides of the ridge, and it indicates that both sides experienced a similar sedimentation process. Our results are in good agreement with the global sediment model that is based on drilling cores and active source experiments, but thinner by up to 50 m at several stations on seafloor older than 25 My. Overlap of the 95% confidence regions between admittance and Ps estimates for thickness and shear velocity is found at 15 stations where we have both Ps and admittance estimates. It suggests that both methods yield accurate estimates for sediment thickness. In addition, our admittance result extends the lateral resolution of sediment characteristics to stations that were not previously resolved by Ps.
Identification of the stick and slip motion between contact surfaces using artificial neural networks
Authors: Górski Jakub , Klepka Andrzej , Dziedziech Kajetan , Mrówka Jakub , Radecki Rafał , Dworakowski Ziemowit
Published: February 2020

The paper presents work related to nonlinear system parameters identification. The research is focused on systems with hysteretic stiffness characteristics. The identification procedure is developed with use of artificial neural networks. The presented method assumes two separate clusters of neural networks, which are supported by additional signal processing block. Such approach gives an advantage over the conventional identification methods due to its small restrictions. The validation process considers structural responses in time and frequency domains as well as the restoring force plane of the dynamic structure. First, verification of the identification method is performed on the numerical simulation of the system with hysteretic stiffness. Next, the identification of the real dynamic system with contact-related nonlinearity is carried out. The steel samples with contacting surfaces were used in the experiment. Electromagnetic shaker was used to excite the structure and enforce a relative shear motion between surfaces in contact. The system response was recorded using the Polytec laser vibrometer.
Exploding Markov operators
Authors: Frej Bartosz
Published: February 2020

A special class of doubly stochastic (Markov) operators is constructed. In a sense these operators come from measure preserving transformations and inherit some of their properties, namely ergodicity and positivity of entropy, yet they may have no pointwise factors.
Distributed deep learning platform for pedestrian detection on IT convergence environment
Authors: Han Seong-Soo , Kim Yoon-Ki , Jeon You-Boo , Park JinSoo , Park Doo-Soon , Hwang DuHyun , Jeong Chang-Sung
Published: February 2020

IT technology and traditional industries have been combined recently, resulting in IT convergence technology in various fields. Through convergence with the automobile, pedestrian detection technology, in particular, is used in the autonomous navigation control service of autonomous vehicles and also applied in various fields such as intelligent CCTV and robot recognition technology. For pedestrian detection, hierarchical classification and feature vector were used in early stage, and deep learning is under active progress. However, since deep learning for pedestrian detection is time-consuming for processing a large volume of image data, it requires a lot of computing resources, and hence building such a system is very expensive. Therefore, in this paper we shall present a distributed deep learning platform which can easily build a cluster, and execute deep learning process in the distributed cloud environment, while achieving performance improvement in various ways. Our platform provides a convenient interface for easily and efficiently executing the deep learning process in a distributed environment by providing a multilayered system architecture. Our system builds and utilizes computing power in easy and efficient way by leveraging container technique, so-called OS-level virtualization, rather than traditional hypervisor-based virtualization. In our system, we improve the whole performance by exploiting both of data and parameter parallelisms at once and reduce the synchronization overhead by exploiting asynchronous communication for parameter updates. Also, we propose an efficient resource allocation scheme for parameter servers and slaves which can improve the performance from the experiment.
Biogenese der mitochondrialen Proteinsynthesemaschine
Authors: Hanitsch Elisa , Richter-Dennerlein Ricarda
Published: February 2020

The biogenesis and function of the mitoribosome is of central importance as mutations in the respective genes of translation factors, mitoribosomal proteins and ribosome assembly factors lead to impaired mitochondrial translation, oxidative phosphorylation deficiency and subsequently to severe human mitochondrial diseases. Thus, it is of high interest to understand the biogenesis of the mitoribosome and to define the assembly factors and their functions within this complex process.
Myxobakterielle Naturstofffabriken
Authors: Krug Daniel , Garcia Ronald , Müller Rolf
Published: February 2020

Myxococcus xanthus is a prime example of soil-living myxobacteria featuring a complex lifestyle, including coordinated movement through swarming, predatory feeding on other microorganisms, and the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies. Due to its biosynthetic capabilities for secondary metabolite production and its applicability as biotechno-logical chassis organism for heterologous expression, Myxococcus stands out as a biochemical factory for bioactive molecules with future applications, not only in human therapy.
Optimising aircraft arrivals in terminal airspace by mixed integer linear programming model
Authors: Cecen R.K. , Aybek Çetek F.
Published: February 2020

Air traffic flow becomes denser and more complex within terminal manoeuvering areas (TMAs) due to rapid growth rates in demand. Effective TMA arrival management plays a key role in the improvement of airspace capacity, flight efficiency and air traffic controller performance. This study proposes a mixed integer linear programming model for aircraft landing problems with area navigation (RNAV) route structure using three conflict resolution and sequencing techniques together: flexible route allocation, airspeed reduction and vector manoeuver. A two-step mixed integer linear programming model was developed that minimises total conflict resolution time and then total airborne delay using lexicographic goal programming. Experimental results demonstrate that the model can obtain conflict-free and time optimal aircraft trajectories for RNAV route structures.
Computer Aided Internal Optimisation (CAIO) method for fibre trajectory optimisation: A deep dive to enhance applicability
Authors: Voelkl Harald , Franz Michael , Klein Daniel , Wartzack Sandro
Published: February 2020

The computer aided internal optimisation (CAIO) method produces an optimised fibre layout for parts made from fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP), starting from an initial shell geometry and a given load case. Its main principle is iterative reduction of shear stresses by aligning fibre main axes with principal normal stress trajectories. Previous contributions, ranging from CAIO’s introduction over testing to extensions towards multi-layer FRP laminates, highlighted its lightweight design potential. For its application to laminate design approaches, alterations have been proposed; however, questions remain open. These questions include which convergence criteria to use, how to handle ambiguous principle normal stress trajectories, influence of using multi-layer CAIO optimisation instead of the initial single-layer CAIO and how dire consequences of slightly deviating fibre orientations from the optimised trajectories are. These challenges are discussed in depth and guidelines are given. This paper is an enhanced version of a distinguished contribution at the first symposium ‘Lightweight Design in Product Development’, Zurich (June 14–15, 2018).
Financial debt amongst older women in the United Kingdom – shame, abuse and resilience
Authors: Purdam Kingsley , Prattley Jennifer
Published: February 2020

Long-term poverty, precarious employment, low pay, the increased pension age and real-term reductions in welfare benefits, including bereavement allowances, have brought into focus the financial vulnerability of many older women aged 55 years and older in the United Kingdom. In this article, survey data were analysed alongside evidence from observations of debt support meetings and interviews with older women who were receiving debt advice from a support charity. The findings suggest that older women were more likely to have financial problems than older men, particularly those women who were living on low incomes and who were separated or divorced. Following the breakdown of a relationship, many older women were at increased risk of more debt and bankruptcy, particularly those aged between 55 and 64 years and those in routine and semi-routine occupations. Many women had kept their financial problems hidden due to fear and shame whilst bringing up their children and some had been subject to coercive control and economic abuse by their former husbands or partners. It is important that any pension reforms, changes to minimum wage rates, and new divorce and domestic abuse legislation and welfare policies take account of the circumstances of separated, divorced and widowed older women. More financial support and advice needs to be provided to older women facing financial difficulties.
Non-antibiotic approaches for disease prevention and control in beef and veal production: a scoping review
Authors: Wisener Lee V. , Sargeant Jan M. , O'Connor Annette M. , O'Sullivan Terri L. , McEwen Scott A. , Nwosu Andrea , Rossi Tanya M.
Published: February 2020

Livestock producers are encouraged to reduce the use of antibiotics belonging to classes of medical importance to humans. We conducted a scoping review on non-antibiotic interventions in the form of products or management practices that could potentially reduce the need for antibiotics in beef and veal animals living under intensive production conditions. Our objectives were to systematically describe the research on this broad topic, identify specific topics that could feasibly support systematic reviews, and identify knowledge gaps. Multiple databases were searched. Two reviewers independently screened and charted the data. From the 13,598 articles screened, 722 relevant articles were charted. The number of relevant articles increased steadily from 1990. The Western European research was dominated by veal production studies whereas the North American research was dominated by beef production studies. The interventions and outcomes measured were diverse. The four most frequent interventions included non-antibiotic feed additives, vaccinations, breed type, and feed type. The four most frequent outcomes were indices of immunity, non-specific morbidity, respiratory disease, and mortality. There were seven topic areas evaluated in clinical trials that may share enough commonality to support systemic reviews. There was a dearth of studies in which interventions were compared to antibiotic comparison groups.
Editorial: Multiyear Analysis of JGR Space Physics Reviewing Statistics
Authors: Liemohn Michael W.
Published: February 2020

The editorial decision process for the Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics is assisted by over 1,000 scientists every year, providing over 3,000 reviews per year. These statistics are presented for the years 2013 through 2018, showing some fluctuations but, overall, consistency in the response of the space physics research community to requests to serve as manuscript reviewers. Over half of these reviews are submitted on time, and the average time to review actually dropped as the load increased. This is greatly appreciated and the community is to be commended and thanked for their willingness to help make this journal thrive and remain a premiere publication in the field.
Modeling Dissolved and Particulate Th in the Canada Basin: Implications for Recent Changes in Particle Flux and Intermediate Circulation
Authors: Yu Xiaoxin , Allen Susan E. , François Roger , Grenier Mélanie , Myers Paul G. , Hu Xianmin
Published: February 2020

Global climate change has had large impacts on the Arctic region including rapid reductions in sea ice and rapid increases in surface air temperatures. Documenting the consequences of these changes in the Arctic Ocean is difficult, however, because accessibility limits observations in space and time and aliases measurements. This problem can be alleviated by using geochemical tracers, which can act as natural integrators, allowing us to determine net changes over regions and years. One such tracer is
Th. We use measurements and an off‐line scavenging model forced by ANHA4, a regional configuration of the NEMO general circulation model, to investigate changes in the Canada Basin in the years 2002–2015. Observations show a clear decrease in
Th in intermediate layers, particularly in the internal Canada Basin. The model reproduces the observed changes in
Th concentration profiles. Using the model to determine the origin of the reduction shows that the decrease is due to both higher particle fluxes from increased productivity resulting from the reduction in sea ice cover and increased circulation and stirring by mesoscale eddies increasing lateral exchange between the productive coastal regions and less productive internal Canada Basin. The circulation model clearly shows increased velocities as the ice cover has decreased and storms have increased.
On the Spatial Distribution of Minor Species in Jupiter's Troposphere as Inferred From Juno JIRAM Data
Authors: Grassi D. , Adriani A. , Mura A. , Atreya S. K. , Fletcher L. N. , Lunine J. I. , Orton G. S. , Bolton S. , Plainaki C. , Sindoni G. , Altieri F. , Cicchetti A. , Dinelli B. M. , Filacchione G. , Migliorini A. , Moriconi M. L. , Noschese R. , Olivieri A. , Piccioni G. , Sordini R. , Stefani S. , Tosi F. , Turrini D.
Published: February 2020

The spatial distribution of water, ammonia, phosphine, germane, and arsine in the Jupiter's troposphere has been inferred from the Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) Juno data. Measurements allow us to retrieve the vertically averaged concentration of gases between ~3 and 5 bars from infrared‐bright spectra. Results were used to create latitudinal profiles. The water vapor relative humidity varies with latitude from <1% to over 15%. At intermediate latitudes (30–70°) the water vapor maxima are associated with the location of cyclonic belts, as inferred from mean zonal wind profiles (Porco et al., 2003). The high‐latitude regions (beyond 60°) are drier in the north (mean relative humidity around 2–3%) than the south, where humidity reaches 15% around the pole. The ammonia volume mixing ratio varies from 1 × 10−4 to 4 × 10−4. A marked minimum exists around 10°N, while data suggest an increase over the equator. The high‐latitude regions are different in the two hemispheres, with a gradual increase in the south and more constant values with latitude in the north. The phosphine volume mixing ratio varies from 4 × 10−7 to 10 × 10−7. A marked minimum exists in the North Equatorial Belt. For latitudes poleward 30°S and 30°N, the northern hemisphere appears richer in phosphine, with a decrease toward the pole, while the opposite is observed in the south. JIRAM data indicate an increase of germane volume mixing ratio from 2 × 10−10 to 8 × 10−10 from both poles to 15°S, with a depletion centered around the equator. Arsine presents the opposite trend, with maximum values of 6 × 10−10 at the two poles and minima below 1 × 10−10 around 20°S.
UVB-dependent inhibition of lipin-1 protects against proinflammatory responses in human keratinocytes
Authors: Chae Minjung , Son Eui Dong , Bae Il-Hong , Cho Eun-Gyung , Kim Hyoung-June , Jung Ji-Yong
Published: February 2020

Lipin-1 is an Mg2+-dependent phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP1) that catalyzes a critical step in the synthesis of glycerophospholipids and is also a cotranscriptional regulator. The role of lipin-1 in the regulation of inflammatory responses has been extensively studied in various cell types but not in skin cells. In the present study, the function of lipin-1 in UVB-induced proinflammatory responses was assessed in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). UVB radiation downregulated lipin-1 expression. Lipin-1 inhibition was mediated by UVB-dependent sterol-response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) inhibition. The UVB-dependent inhibition of lipin-1 and SREBP-1 was mediated by AMPK activation. UVB-induced activation of JNK was dependent on AMPK activation and mediated lipin-1 inhibition. Prevention of UVB-mediated lipin-1 repression by introducing a lipin-1 expression vector stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 production, suggesting that lipin-1 inhibition attenuates UVB-induced IL-6 and IL-8 production. The downregulation of lipin-1 ameliorated UVB-induced NF-ĸB phosphorylation, which might be attributed to the suppression of UVB-induced accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs). Pharmacological inhibition of PAP1 with propranolol suppressed UVB-induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 in NHEKs and reconstituted human skin models. Taken together, lipin-1 is downregulated by exposure to UVB radiation, which confers protection against UVB-induced proinflammatory responses; therefore, the inhibition of lipin-1 is a potential strategy for photoaging.
The LISA randomized trial of a weight loss intervention in postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Goodwin Pamela J. , Segal Roanne J. , Vallis Michael , Ligibel Jennifer A. , Pond Gregory R. , Robidoux André , Findlay Brian , Gralow Julie R. , Mukherjee Som D. , Levine Mark , Pritchard Kathleen I.
Published: February 2020

Obesity has been associated with poor breast cancer (BC) outcomes. We investigated whether a standardized, telephone-based weight loss lifestyle intervention in the adjuvant setting would impact BC outcomes. We conducted a multicenter trial randomizing women 1:1 to mail-based educational material alone (control) or combined with a standardized, telephone-based lifestyle intervention that focused on diet, physical activity, and behavior and involved 19 calls over 2 years to achieve up to 10% weight loss. In all, 338 (of 2150 planned) T1-3, N0-3, M0 hormone receptor positive BC patients with body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m2 receiving adjuvant letrozole were randomized (enrolment ended due to funding loss). The primary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS); secondary outcome was Overall Survival (OS). At 8 years’ median follow-up, in a planned analysis, DFS and OS were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. Baseline BMI and other characteristics were similar between study arms. In all, 22 of 171 (12.9%) in the lifestyle intervention arm versus 30 of 167 (18.0%) in the education had DFS events; the hazard ratio (HR) was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41–1.24, p = 0.23). Although loss of funding reduced sample size, we view these hypothesis generating results as compatible with our hypothesis of a potential beneficial effect of a lifestyle intervention on DFS. They provide support for completion of ongoing randomized controlled trials of the effect of lifestyle interventions in BC outcomes.
Measurement and modeling of temperature evolution during methane desorption in coal
Authors: Gaowei Yue , Chunlin Zeng , Liupeng Huo , Xinjun Zheng
Published: February 2020

The decrease of coal temperature has been confirmed by many tests during methane desorption in coal, including coal and gas outburst, but the thermal-dynamic process for methane desorption has not been quantitatively studied. Therefore, firstly, the coal temperature and gas pressure are measured by temperature and pressure sensors in the process of methane desorption. Secondly, isosteric heats of adsorption are calculated according to the adsorption isotherm. Finally, heat transfer model is established and simulate the temperature evolution during methane desorption in coal under different conditions (initial temperature and gas pressure). The real tests and simulation results show that a lot of heat will be absorbed from coal as methane desorbing, which causes the coal temperature will go down by 5.5 K, and methane desorption is no longer isothermal process. In the initial stage of methane desorption in coal, the coal temperature will decrease sharply to an extremely low value, then slowly rise to the previous ambient temperature. And at the same ambient temperature, the higher the initial methane equilibrium pressure is, the larger the temperature at the coal body center drops in the process of methane desorption. In the coal body, the farther away from the wall of the coal sample canister, the more significant the decrease of the coal body temperature is, and the longer the time is to reach extremely low value, which is mainly due to the different heat transfer coefficients at different positions in the coal body. The total specific power, which is a key index in heat transfer model to simulate the change of coal temperature, sharply decreases during methane desorption, because the methane desorption quantity in unit time decreases gradually. This study has an important practical significance to reveal the evolution mechanism of coal and gas outburst, and predict outburst with temperature change as an index.
Self-assembled nanorods in YBCO matrix – a computational study of their effects on critical current anisotropy
Authors: Rivasto Elmeri , Khan Mukarram Zaman , Malmivirta Mika , Rijckaert Hannes , Aye Moe Moe , Hynninen Teemu , Huhtinen Hannu , Driessche Isabel Van , Paturi Petriina
Published: February 2020

In order to understand how the doping with self-assembled nanorods of different sizes and concentrations as well as applied magnetic fields affect the critical current anisotropy in YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) thin films close to YBCO c-axis, we present an extensive and systematic computational study done by molecular dynamics simulation. The simulations are also used to understand experimentally measured Jc(θ) curves for BaHfO3, BaZrO3 and BaSnO3 doped YBCO thin films with the help of nanorod parameters obtained from transmission electron microscopy measurements. Our simulations reveal that the relation between applied and matching field plays a crucial role in the formation of Jc(θ)-peak around YBCO c-axis (c-peak) due to vortex-vortex interactions. We also find how different concentrations of different size nanorods effect the shape of the c-peak and explain how different features, such as double c-peak structures, arise. In addition to this, we have quantitatively explained that, even in an ideal superconductor, the overdoping of nanorods results in decrease of the critical current. Our results can be widely used to understand and predict the critical current anisotropy of YBCO thin films to improve and develop new pinscapes for various transport applications.
Silver-catalyzed acylative annulation of N-propargylated indoles with α-keto acids: access to acylated pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles
Authors: Reddy Chada Raji , Kajare Roshan Chandrakant , Punna Nagender
Published: February 2020

A novel carbon-centered radical cyclization of N-propargyl indoles with α-keto acids to form acylated pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles involving difunctionalisation of the alkyne moiety with concomitant annulation is disclosed.
Divergent oriented synthesis (DOS) of aza-heterocyclic amides through palladium-catalyzed ketenimination of 2-iodo-N-(propa-1,2-dien-1-yl)anilines
Authors: Chen Xiaoyan , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Liu Renzhi , Chen Dianpeng , Chen Zhiyuan
Published: February 2020

A palladium-catalyzed tandem reaction of N-(2-iodophenyl)-4-methyl-N-(propa-1,2-dien-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide with isocyanide is described to divergently produce aza-heterocyclic amides.
An experimental, theoretical and kinetic-modeling study of the gas-phase oxidation of ammonia
Authors: Stagni Alessandro , Cavallotti Carlo , Arunthanayothin Suphaporn , Song Yu , Herbinet Olivier , Battin-Leclerc Frédérique , Faravelli Tiziano
Published: February 2020

A wide-range experimental and theoretical investigation of ammonia gas-phase oxidation is performed, and a predictive, detailed kinetic model is developed.
Perceptions of a Collaborative Professional Learning Program: Seeing the “Bigger Picture”
Authors: Buckley P. Charlie , Murza Kimberly A. , Cassel Tami
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of special education practitioners (i.e., speech-language pathologists, special educators, para-educators, and other related service providers) on their role as communication partners after participation in the Social Communication and Engagement Triad (Buckley et al.,
2015
) yearlong professional learning program.

Method

A qualitative approach using interviews and purposeful sampling was used. A total of 22 participants who completed participation in either Year 1 or Year 2 of the program were interviewed. Participants were speech-language pathologists, special educators, para-educators, and other related service providers. Using a grounded theory approach (Glaser & Strauss,
1967
) to data analysis, open, axial, and selective coding procedures were followed.

Results

Three themes emerged from the data analysis and included engagement as the goal, role as a communication partner, and importance of collaboration.

Conclusions

Findings supported the notion that educators see the value of an integrative approach to service delivery, supporting students' social communication and engagement across the school day but also recognizing the challenges they face in making this a reality.
A Case Study: Unique Challenges of an Adolescent Female With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Frazier Kimberly F. , Collier Jessica , Glade Rachel
Published: February 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of combining self-management strategies and a social thinking approach to address the social performance and executive function of an adolescent female with autism spectrum disorder.

Method

This research examined the effects of a social knowledge training program, “Think Social,” as well as strategies to improve higher order cognitive abilities.

Results and Conclusion

Although quantitative improvement was not found, several qualitative gains in behavior were noted for the participants of this study, suggesting a benefit from using structured environmental cues of self-management strategies, as well as improved social understanding through social cognitive training.