bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of structure formation processes in matrices of mixed components with reinforcing natural fillers
Authors: Ziyamukhamedova Umida , Bakirov Lutfullo , Donaev Sardor , Miradullaeva Gavkhar , Turgunaliev Elbek
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of a study on the development of compositions of heterocomposite materials based on natural dispersed and reinforcing fillers. Using the mechano-chemical modification method, structures were obtained that ensure the compatibility of elements of heterocomposites at the interfacial level at the interface of complex phases where components of different nature and composition are present. By studying the wetting process of the reinforcing filler - spruce fiber obtained from waste, the concentration of the chemical modifier was selected. It has been established that the activity of charged particles of mineral dispersed filler mechanically activated by an unconventional method, crushed with natural stones, lasts for 10-12 hours, which makes it possible to provide time for the maximum use of activity in the formation of stable structures.
Dielectric and microwave properties of ceramics of the Bi-Ti-O system
Authors: Sauchuk Halina , Yurkevich Natallia , Akhmedov Abduraxman , Khudoyberganov Sardorbek , Kayumov Sayfulla , Berdiyarov Ulmasbek
Published: August 2023

Dielectric and microwave properties of ceramics based on binary systems Bi2Ti2O7-TiO2 and Bi2Ti4O11-TiO2 were studied. In order to obtain dielectric materials with high stability of temperature coefficient of resonance frequency, high values of dielectric permittivity and quality factor modification of ceramics by chemical elements with different valence and ionic radii was performed. It is established, that on the basis of Bi2Ti4O11-TiO2 system, it is possible to receive microwave materials for manufacturing of resonators. It is shown that the introduction of different valence ions in the Bi2Ti2O7-TiO2 system allows to change its basic dielectric parameters in given limits and directed to choose the optimal composition of ceramics for the development of materials that can be used, for example, when creating storage capacitors.
Parameters of the oscillatory process of the sleeper base in the area of the rail joint when using elastic spacers
Authors: Tsoy Vladimir , Karimova Firuza , Mukhammadiyev Ne’matjon , Turgayev Jambul
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of field tests of under-rail pads in order to assess the effect of stiffness and the number of standard and experimental pads-shock absorbers on the amplitude-frequency characteristic of vibrations that occur in the ballast layer in the rail joint zone when the rolling stock is moving. To achieve this goal, we measured the vertical vibration accelerations arising during the passage of trains in the area of the rail joint with a different number of standard under-rail shock absorbers TsP-204-M-ARS (standard) and Getzner Sylodyn NF shock absorber pads with increased elasticity (experimental). On the basis of the obtained values, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the oscillatory process was determined by means of the Fourier transform. The main (carrier) frequencies, at which the maximum amplitudes of vibration accelerations are recorded, are determined, first of all, not by the material of the damper pad, but by the magnitude of the force effect. The use of experimental shock absorber pads allows to reduce and redistribute the vibration energy transmitted to the ballast layer.
Creating a Zone in the Body of the Embrace of the Road for Optimal Position of Retaining Walls in it
Authors: Sindarov Rakhmat
Published: August 2023

In all cases of designing retaining walls (RS) on roads, their main purpose is to ensure the stability of the roadway. At the same time, special attention is paid to ensuring the stability of the retaining walls themselves, on which the stability of the structure as a whole depends. Therefore, it seems advisable to first determine the area of the roadway within which the roadside walls are guaranteed to be stable against overturning in accordance with the applicable regulations on the road where the retaining walls are to be designed. The article deals with the problem of forming the mentioned zone in the body of the embankment of the road for the optimal placement of reinforced concrete thin-walled retaining walls in it.
Study of resource-saving viscosity modifiers of used oils
Authors: Umarova Muattar , Egamberdiyev Elmurod , Maksumova Oytura
Published: August 2023

Experimental data were obtained for AA copolymers obtained as resource-saving thickeners using compensatory copolymerization of KS. The refractive index of the obtained heptilacrylate (HA) ether was determined on a digital refractometer DR301-95. The molar mass and density of the ether obtained and its solubility in solvents in ethanol, acetone, DMF and benzene were also determined. We also beat HA ether + styrene in a 1: 2, 1: 1, 2: 1 mole ratio.
Downscaling for disc-brake wear testing using a thermomechanical approach
Authors: Frangieh Joseph , Desplanques Yannick , Mann Ruddy , Dufrenoy Philippe
Published: August 2023

Brake wear has been identified to be an important source of non-exhaust emissions in transportation. The high dissipated energy in the contact not only results in large frictional heat dissipation in the brake components but also in the generation of debris, particles and gases produced by the wear of both pads and disc. Numerical simulation or tribological tests at the material scale are still not sufficient to predict wear. Experiments at the original scale of the brake system are necessary, with a significant implementation time, high costs and with a limited scope. The aim of the present work is a downscaling strategy to design experiments at reduced scale (i.e. pin-on-disc tribometer scale) taking care of the thermomechanical characteristics of the full-scale braking situation in the case of a railway application. This approach requires a complete understanding of the thermomechanical processes occurring during braking, with respect to the contact loading, the thermal localizations (migrating hot bands), the kinematics of contact opening and closing, and the couplings with the tribological circuit and the wear processes. Their apprehension is based on tests carried out on a full-scale bench equipped with the studied railway brake. A numerical model has been developed to interpret the experiment with respect to the kinetics of contact location and opening-closing, and to identify the relative determinants, key to wear. The transposition of the brake configuration to the tribometer configuration is based on these determinants in the design of a wear-preserving tribosystem. For example, the design of the disc has been adjusted on the reduced scale pin-on-disc system to fit with the kinetical parameters of contact location previously described related to the wear determinants.
The Influence of Dance Activities in Shaping Children’s Character during the Covid-19 Pandemic Group B Dharma Wanita Persatuan Kindergarten Parigi
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Latjoro Nursafari Oktaviana , Dewi Andi Imrah , Durrotunnisa Durrotunnisa
Published: August 2023

The main problem in this study is that the character of the child has not developed as expected; it can be seen when the child has not been able to maintain personal and environmental hygiene, has not been able to get used to being present on time, being actively involved, maintaining cohesiveness, thinking creatively and not following the rules of the teacher. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dance activities in shaping the character of early childhood. The research method uses quantitative methods with this type of research, namely inferential research. The research subjects involved 19 children consisting of 4 boys and 15 girls. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, documentation, and interviews. The data from the recapitulation of observations on the character of early childhood before being given treatment on aspects of discipline, cooperation, and creativity. The Very Good Developed (VGD) category is 0%, the Developing as Expected (DE) category is 26.31%, the Start Developing (SD) category is 40.35%, and the Undeveloped (ND) category is 33.33%. After being given treatment, namely the Very Good Developing (VGD) category, there were 56.13%, the Developing as Expected (DE) category was 26.31%, the Starting to Develop (SD) category was 17.55%, and the Undeveloped or Not Developed (ND) category was 0%. Based on the results of the t-test count data, the t-count value  t-table 1.729, and the significant value 0.000 <0.05. Hence, it can be concluded that Ha is rejected and Ha is accepted, which means that there is an influence of dance activities in shaping the character of early childhood during the COVID-19 pandemic in group B TK Dharma Wanita Persatuan Parigi District.
Analysis of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) as a Basis for Development of Biotechnology Teaching Materials
Authors: Zulfarina Zulfarina , Azizahwati Azizahwati , Ruslindawati Rika
Published: August 2023

This research is a solution to the problems teachers face in dealing with the development of science, technology, and communication, which brings rapid changes to the world of education. Education has a great responsibility to face the challenges and aspirations of the 21st century, specifically globalization, where Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is developing very rapidly. Teachers are required to innovate in the learning process at school. The purpose of this study is to analyze students’ and teachers’ understanding of Education for Sustainable Development to meet their needs by using a balanced and integrated approach to the economy, society, and environment. The analysis was carried out descriptively on teachers and students consisting of 80 students in junior high school class IX in the form of a questionnaire. These results can be seen from 80 students, 100% of students are aware of the importance of learning resources in the learning process, 88.8% of students have difficulty in determining an action from the problems encountered in science learning, and as many as 63.7% of students have difficulty understanding the language used in printed books. Based on student questionnaires, 63.7% of students have never heard of the term Education for Sustainable Development (ESD which is an important part of knowledge to maintain the sustainability of life on earth. Based on the results of interview questionnaires with junior high school teachers, most of the teachers also needed help understanding the term ESD. This shows the need for further introduction of ESD to students and teachers, one of which is by including ESD elements in biotechnology teaching materials used in schools.
Preliminary Study on the Design of Forest and Land Fire Disaster Learning Media for Elementary Schools
Authors: Noviana Eddy , Kurniaman Otang , Guslinda Guslinda , Zufriady Zufriady , Erlinda Sri , Sari Intan Kartika , Mulyani Eva Astuti , Dewi Ratna Sari , Zulkifli Zulkifli N. , Wilson Wilson
Published: August 2023

The study discusses teachers’ knowledge and experience using learning media for elementary schools’ forest and land fire disaster mitigation. The results of this study are used as a preliminary investigation to design an Air Pollution Index Simulator (SI-ISPU). The research method used is a survey method. Respondents in this study amounted to 23 teachers in elementary schools. Data collection techniques using closed questionnaire techniques and data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results showed that 39.13% of teachers still did not know the learning media that could be used to teach forest and land fire disaster mitigation. Then, 69.57% there are still many teachers who have not taught using learning media for forest and land fire disaster mitigation. The experience of teachers who have developed learning media for forest and land fire disaster mitigation is only 13.04%. Then 78.26% of teachers experienced problems developing learning media for forest and land fire disaster mitigation. Furthermore, 65.22% of teachers have difficulty teaching forest and land fire disaster mitigation. The research concludes that most teachers still experience difficulties and obstacles in developing learning media and teaching about forest and land fire mitigation in elementary schools.
Hand Gestures in Japanese Communication
Authors: Rahayu Nana
Published: August 2023

In nonverbal communication, gestures are performed to be used in conjunction with verbal communication. Japan is a country that uses more nonverbal communication compared to Indonesia. When communicating, the Japanese often use hand gestures. This hand gesture is very important to know for Japanese language learners because it has many variations of use in body language learning. The same hand gesture sometimes has a difference in the intent to be conveyed between the sender and recipient of the message. Therefore, this study was conducted to describe the form of nonverbal communication, especially the form of hand gestures and the meaning of hand gestures. This study used Japanese drama as a source of data that can be seen and studied by Japanese language learners. This study used a descriptive method to describe the differences in the hand gestures of adult Japanese and children in communicating. The results of this study are expected that Japanese language learners, especially students of the Japanese Language Education Program FKIP Universitas Riau, can understand the culture of the Japanese people and that to suppress verbal communication, they often use hand gestures.
Epigenetische Veränderungen in Zusammenhang mit
Bewegungstherapie
Authors: Völker-Albert Moritz
Published: August 2023

Zahlreiche Studien belegen: Wer Sport treibt, reduziert sein Risiko für
Diabetes, Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und bestimmte Arten von Krebs. Neben den
unmittelbaren Effekten auf Muskeln und Gefäße haben Bewegung und
Sport auch einen direkten Einfluss auf epigenetische Prozesse, die zu einer
veränderten Genregulation führen. Das bedeutet auch, dass
epigenetische Signaturen als molekularer Nachweis von Sport und Bewegung genutzt
werden können. Dazu dienen heutzutage nicht-invasive Methoden auf Basis
von Speichel oder Fingerkuppenblut, um bewegungstherapeutische Effekte zu
analysieren und individuell zu steuern. Das hat zur Folge, dass
molekular-basierte und personalisierte Therapiekonzepte einfacher realisierbar
werden.
Evidenz-Update für ein langjährig bestehendes
Bewegungsprogramm
Authors: Derst Carmen , Alamina Alia , Habersatter Nadine , Prokofeva Daria , Saftig Jane , Gelius Peter , Abu-Omar Karim
Published: August 2023

Langjährig bestehende Bewegungsprogramme ohne regelmäßige
Updates verändern ihre Inhalte fast zwangsläufig aufgrund von
internen sowie externen Faktoren. Dabei besteht die Gefahr, dass sie sich sowohl
vom ursprünglichen Konzept als auch vom wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstand
entfernen. GESTALT, ein Bewegungsförderungsprogramm zur
Demenzprävention, ist ein Beispiel für ein solches Programm.
Über neun Monate wurde durch ein studentisches Projektteam das Ziel
verfolgt, neue evidenz-basierte Methoden in den laufenden GESTALT-Kursen zu
implementieren. Die Umsetzung eines Evidenz-Updates fand durch explorative
Gespräche mit beteiligten Akteur:innen aus Praxis, Politik und
Wissenschaft, das Austesten neuer Methoden in den GESTALT-Kursen,
Feedbackgespräche und Beobachtungen statt. Die Bedeutung einer
Kennenlernphase des Projektteams mit Praxisakteur:innen und den Teilnehmenden
sowie eine regelmäßige und zielgerichtete Kommunikation aller
beteiligten Akteur:innen erwiesen sich dabei als wesentliche Erfolgsfaktoren bei
der Umsetzung des Evidenz-Updates. Herausforderungen wurden insbesondere
bezüglich der starken Identifikation der Stakeholder mit dem Programm in
der bestehenden Form gefunden. Allgemein schränkten zudem die begrenzten
finanziellen Ressourcen dieses studentischen Projektes die
Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten ein. Zukünftig gilt es zu erkennen,
welche Bewegungsprogramme ein Evidenz-Update benötigen und dessen
Implementierungsprozess so partizipativ und kommunikativ wie möglich zu
gestalten. Außerdem bedarf es der Evaluation solcher Updates, um
fundierte Empfehlungen für andere Projekte und Wissenschaftler:innen
geben zu können.
Pyrrolidinium Acetate (PyrrIL) as a Green and Recyclable Catalyst: Synthesis of 2-Phenyl Benzimidazoles and 2-Phenyl Benzothiazoles under Solvent-Free Conditions at Room Temperature
Authors: Katla Ramesh , Katla Rakhi
Published: August 2023

Benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles are a class of pharmacologically potential compounds, which exhibited antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. These can be obtained by simple condensation of o-phenylenediamine or o-aminothiophenol with aromatic aldehydes. The synthetic protocol can be accomplished/improved by varying reaction parameters such as temperature, solvents, and catalysts. To develop such condensation reactions in a sustainable way, nontoxic solvents and eco- friendly catalysts are presently used. In this study, we proposed a novel and interesting strategy for obtaining diversely substituted 2-phenyl benzimidazole and 2-phenyl benzothiazole derivatives via a one-pot protocol, employing pyrrolidinium ionic liquid as a green and environmentally benign catalyst under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in an open atmosphere. The resulting products were obtained in good to excellent yields within a short reaction time (3–20 min). A plausible mechanism was also discussed.
The Intersection of Tobacco Use, Health Disparities, and Inequalities in Lung Cancer Treatment and Survival
Authors: Shankar Abhishek , Yau Callum , Wallbridge Isaac G. , Saini Deepak , Prasad Chandra Prakash , Singh Pritanjali , Kaur Jagdish , Roy Shubham , Sinha Praveen
Published: August 2023

Tobacco use and socioeconomic status are related with each other and important determinants of disparities and inequalities to access to care. There is overall reduction in number of smokers but still most number of smokers is represented by people from low socioeconomic status, with less number of these people having an access to the treatment centers. Patients who are tobacco users have shown to be less likely to receive any form of treatment for lung cancer, whether that be chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery. As there is less awareness about signs and symptoms of lung cancer, lower socioeconomic patients are likely to report to hospitals at advanced stages or many times as a medical emergency. We are well aware that patients with advanced lung cancer have lower chances of survival in view of incomplete response to treatment. As there is an intersection between tobacco use, health disparities, and inequalities and lung cancer treatment and survival, this issue needs better focus and attention to minimize disparities and inequalities in access to care and outcomes.
Child's Understanding of Cancer when Faced with Advancing Disease: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Ghoshal Arunangshu , Muckaden Mary Ann , Garg Chavi , Iyengar Jayanthi , Damani Anuja , Ganpathy K.V.
Published: August 2023

Introduction It is difficult to comprehend a child's understanding of disease-related information as they might be unwilling to talk or feel inhibited about raising their concerns. Understanding children's perception is important to facilitate better communication in palliative care.

Objectives To study child's understanding of advancing disease when referred to the Pediatric Palliative Care Services.

Materials and Methods A retrospective chart review of 34 case record forms from March 2019 to March 2020 was conducted after obtaining a waiver of consent and Institutional Ethics Committee approval. The inclusion criteria were children having advanced cancer referred for palliative care, incomplete records were excluded. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results Twenty-three were male, and 11 were female children, the mean age was 12 years. Five major themes were identified—the child's understanding of disease diagnosis and prognosis, nature of communication between parents and the child, barriers to communication, child's means of support, and interventions used during counseling.

Conclusion Communication between children suffering from advanced cancer and their parents/caregivers is a sensitive issue, and noncommunication is often due to mutual effort to shield each other from the stress of difficult conversations. Lack of communication contributes to poor coping and forces children to seek comfort in other sources leaving parents distressed. Psychological interventions like resource building and psychoeducation are effective.
A Systematic Review of Homoeopathic Research on Gout and Hyperuricaemia: Road Ahead
Authors: Gautam Pooja , Goel Meetu , Sahoo Amulya Ratna
Published: August 2023

Objective This study aimed to systematically review the literature on homeopathic researches on gout and hyperuricaemia.

Materials and Methods A comprehensive online and manual search for research studies on the efficacy of homeopathy in gout and/or hyperuricaemia in clinical trials, in vitro and in vivo experimentation was conducted. All types of studies related to the homeopathic treatment of gout and hyperuricaemia in a human trial, animal experimentations and in vitro experiments on hyperuricaemia, published from January 2001 to January 2022 were considered for review. The methodology was assessed by Jadad scoring for clinical trials, the internal validity of randomised controlled trials by the Cochrane collaboration tool, model validity by Mathie's criteria and the internal validity of observational studies and case reports by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria and JBI appraisal checklist, respectively.

Results A total of 16 articles related to homoeopathy on hyperuricaemia and gout were identified, including one preliminary qualitative study, six clinical observational studies, two double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trials, three case reports, and four animal experiments including one in vitro trial also. Methodological quality analysed by Jaded scoring was diverse, ranging from 0 to 4; by the Cochrane collaboration tool, out of two randomised controlled trials, one had a high risk of bias, while the other had a low risk of bias; observational out of seven studies, only two had a ‘low' risk of bias, three had a ‘moderate' risk and two had a ‘high' risk of bias; JBI appraisal checklist for case report showed two had a ‘low' & one had a ‘moderate' risk of bias.

Conclusion This review demonstrates the effectiveness of homoeopathy in all clinical studies, case reports and in vivo and in vitro models studied under the review, but it is difficult to reach a definite conclusion due to a small number of good quality clinical trials, randomised trials and of laboratory experiments.
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Due to Underlying Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Huo Xiaochuan , Sun Dapeng , Chen Wenhuo , Han Hongxing , Abdalkader Mohamad , Puetz Volker , Yi Tingyu , Wang Hao , Liu Raynald , Tong Xu , Jia Baixue , Ma Ning , Gao Feng , Mo Dapeng , Yan Bernard , Mitchell Peter J. , Leung Thomas W. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Albers Gregory W. , Costalat Vincent , Fiehler Jens , Zaidat Osama O. , Jovin Tudor G. , Liebeskind David S. , Nguyen Thanh N. , Miao Zhongrong
Published: August 2023

Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is one of the most common causes of acute ischemic stroke worldwide. Patients with acute large vessel occlusion due to underlying ICAD (ICAD-LVO) often do not achieve successful recanalization when undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) alone, requiring rescue treatment, including intra-arterial thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, and stenting. Therefore, early detection of ICAD-LVO before the procedure is important to enable physicians to select the optimal treatment strategy for ICAD-LVO to improve clinical outcomes. Early diagnosis of ICAD-LVO is challenging in the absence of consensus diagnostic criteria on noninvasive imaging and early digital subtraction angiography. In this review, we summarize the clinical and diagnostic criteria, prediction of ICAD-LVO prior to the procedure, and EVT strategy of ICAD-LVO and provide recommendations according to the current literature.
Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: The Interventional Radiologist's Perspective
Authors: Rapalino Oscar Mauricio Rivero , García Lorena Garza , Cortes David Fernando Torres
Published: August 2023

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common diseases of the GI tract and represents a high percentage of emergency room admissions. Eighty percent to 90% of upper GI bleeds are nonvariceal, with a mortality of 1 to 10% of patients. Selective embolization of the arterial source can be achieved with many therapeutic alternatives available in the interventional radiologist's arsenal, such as particles, coils, liquid emboli, selectively infused vasoconstrictor agents, or a combination of these techniques. Up to 95% of patients can obtain initial hemostasis without angiographic intervention. However, rebleeding is common, occurring in up to 50% of patients and persistent hemorrhage has been described in 7 to 30% of patients with mortality rates up to 14%.
A metasurface featuring multiple polarization conversions
Authors: Sun Jichao , Yang Xiaokun , Zhang Zhengping
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes a novel bow-tie metasurface that integrates various types of polarization conversions by optimizing traditional unit structures. The metasurface achieves wide-angle linear polarization conversion over the X-band (8–12 GHz) and has a linear polarization conversion efficiency of over 94% under normal incidence. In the Ku-band (12.4–15.6 GHz), the ellipticity value (e-value) and axial ratio calculations show that the linearly polarized waves incident along the Y axis will be effectively converted to left-handed circularly polarized waves. Additionally, in the X-band (8.9–10.5 GHz), the circular polarization and its co-polarization conversion efficiency can be maintained at 99.5%, allowing for an effective circular polarization phase shift using the Pancharatnam–Berry principle in this frequency range.
A study on cell viability based on thermal inkjet three-dimensional bioprinting
Authors: Wang Qiushi , Liao Yuanhong , Ho Yuhan , Wang Kun , Jin Wenzui , Guan Yimin , Fu Weixin
Published: August 2023

Thermal inkjet three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting (TIJ) is a biological additive manufacturing technology with high cell viability, fast printing speeds, and low costs. It is widely used in biology, chemistry, and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, remarkable results have been achieved in the printing of biological tissues using TIJ. However, few studies have reported on the relationship between TIJ and cell viability. In particular, there have been no reports relating cell viability and the TIJ input energy. In this work, we aim to determine the relationship between the input pulse, printing frequency, and cell viability from the TIJ working principle and find an optimized pulse waveform to improve cell viability. We propose a novel approach to study cell viability. The state of the droplet is observed while controlling the printing pulse and frequency, and then, the corresponding cell viability is determined. The results show that an increase in the pulse increases the shear stress and temperature in the bio-ink, which reduces the viability of the cells. The shear stress and viability of the printed cells show a corresponding piecewise functional relationship. The cell viability is significantly reduced when the ambient temperature is higher than 40 °C. Increasing the printing frequency reduces the rate of printing heat loss, thereby raising the ambient temperature and impairing cell viability. Finally, the optimized input waveform can increase cell viability by up to about 95%.
A first principles study of the in-plane strain effects on the dielectric constant of high-κ Be0.25Mg0.75O superlattice
Authors: Yoon Seungjae , Han Gyuseung , Ye Kun Hee , Jeong Taeyoung , Hwang Cheol Seong , Choi Jung-Hae
Published: August 2023

The effects of in-plane strain on the dielectric constant of the Be0.25Mg0.75O rock salt superlattice are investigated through ab initio thermodynamics calculations. Based on a previous report that the long apical Be–O bond increased the dielectric constant, the in-plane compressive strain dielectric constant is expected to increase the dielectric constant. Unlike the zero-strain case, the apical Mg–O bonds also contribute to the increase in the dielectric constant under compressive strain. However, small Be ions tend to occupy narrow spaces in the MgO-based rock salt structure, which can lead to an increase in dielectric constant even under in-plane tensile strain, depending on the local position of Be ions and its interaction with O ions. At higher temperatures, several configurations under strain showed a significant increase in the dielectric constant due to the elongation of the apical Be–O bond. Considering temperature and strain comprehensively, this study suggests that the Be0.25MgO0.75O superlattice under −2% in-plane compressive strain could be a promising candidate structure for achieving a high-κ value of approximately 30.
Effectiveness of radiation shields constructed from Martian regolith and different polymers for human habitat on Mars using MULASSIS/GEANT4 and OLTARIS
Authors: Al Zaman Md. Abdullah , Kunja Lasany Arfin
Published: August 2023

Mars exploration and the possibility of future Martian colonization have generated much interest in recent years. However, several problems make long-term permanence on Mars challenging, one of which is the radiation environment of the red planet. To ensure long-term durability on the Mars surface against the deleterious effects due to radiation, effective radiation shields are compulsory. This paper presents the effectiveness of radiation shields made of Martian regolith and light, hydrogenous polymers to protect astronauts on the Martian surface. Monte Carlo simulations were performed using a Geant4-based tool, Multi-layered shielding simulation software. The shielding properties were studied using low energy charged particle spectra from Mars Science Laboratory–Radiation Assessment Detector and particles (proton, alpha, and iron ions) with energies of 1 GeV/n. On-Line Tool for the Assessment of Radiation in Space (OLTARIS) is used for calculating the effective dose equivalent for the galactic cosmic ray spectra on the Mars surface. Martian regolith with Lithium Hydride (LiH) demonstrated greater efficiency in dose reduction. Based on the OLTARIS study, at 15 g/cm2 (10 g/cm2 Martian regolith with 5 g/cm2 chosen materials), these shields are even better than an aluminum shield of the same dimension.
Research on harmonic resonant fault mechanism and suppression measures of oilfield power grid based on fast mode analysis method
Authors: Liu Na , Zhang Bin
Published: August 2023

In recent years, with the use of electric drilling rig, electric fracturing pump, and other equipment, the harmonic resonance problem of oilfield power grid is becoming more and more serious. In view of the high time and space complexity and long calculation time of the traditional harmonic resonance analysis method, the improved power iteration method is combined with the traditional modal analysis method, and the harmonic resonance problem of the oilfield power grid is analyzed by the fast modal analysis method. At the same time, a new set of harmonic resonance amplification index is derived and verified, and the harmonic content amplification times in the resonant influence region and different busbars are revealed. And then a passive filter is used to suppress harmonic resonance, and the effectiveness of the scheme is verified by field tests. The results show that, in the frequency range of 0–1000 Hz, the resonant frequency points in the oil field are mainly related to the rectifier pulse number of the drilling rig and the frequency conversion device for fracturing. The proposed fast modal analysis method has the advantages of fast convergence speed and memory saving, which is helpful to accurately detect the harmonic resonance region caused by the multi-pulse frequency conversion device, and the harmonic resonance can be effectively suppressed by installing a filter at the main excitation bus of the resonant frequency.
Effects of sulfate on the photosynthetic physiology characteristics of Hydrocotyle vulgaris under zinc stress
Authors: He Xiaoyan , Liu Shiling , Huang Xiaoqian , Yu Fangming , Li Yi , Li Furong , Liu Kehui
Published: August 2023

The effects of sulfate on the zinc (Zn) bioaccumulation characteristics and photophysiological mechanisms of the ornamental plant Hydrocotyle vulgaris were explored using a hydroponic culture under three Zn concentrations (300, 500 and 700 mg L−1) with (400 μmol L−1) or without the addition of sulfate. Results showed that: (1) tissue Zn concentrations and total Zn contents increased with increasing hydroponic culture Zn concentrations; and sulfate addition decreased Zn uptake and translocation from roots to shoots; (2) Zn exposure decreased photosynthetic pigment synthesis, while sulfate changed this phenomenon, especially for chlorophyll a under 300 mg L−1 Zn treatment; (3) Zn exposure decreased photosynthetic function, while sulfate had positive effects, especially on the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs); and (4) chlorophyll fluorescence parameters related to light energy capture, transfer and assimilation were generally downregulated under Zn stress, while sulfate had a positive effect on these processes. Furthermore, compared to photosynthetic pigment synthesis and photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence was more responsive, especially under 300 mg L−1 Zn treatment with sulfate addition. In general, Zn stress affected photophysiological processes at different levels, while sulfate decreased Zn uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation and showed a positive function in alleviating Zn stress, ultimately resulting in plant growth promotion. All of these results provide a theoretical reference for combining H. vulgaris with sulfate application in the bioremediation of Zn-contaminated environments at the photophysiological level.
Disturbed by pH? Nacre tablet thickness of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) is a poor temperature proxy
Authors: Gey Christoph J. , Thielen Frankie , Pfister Laurent , Hissler Christophe , Türk Guilhem , Baier Sven , Schöne Bernd R.
Published: August 2023

Context The ultrastructure of marine bivalve shells, specifically the thickness of nacre tablets has recently been identified to be related to water temperature. Aims This study investigates whether the nacre tablet thickness (NTT) of freshwater pearl mussel shells can serve as a proxy for stream water temperature. Methods Laboratory-grown juvenile and adult Margaritifera margaritifera from three streams were analysed using scanning electron microscopy to determine the relationship between NTT and water temperature. Key results Neither laboratory-grown juvenile nor adult specimens from the field revealed consistent NTT trends with temperature. Conclusion The NTT of M. margaritifera is largely uncoupled from stream water temperature. Presumably, fluctuations in stream water pH caused physiological stress and forced the animal to allocate more energy to homeostasis than to shell growth. The absence of a coupling between NTT of juvenile mussels and temperature is likely to be due to stronger physiological control on nacre tablet morphology during early stages of ontogeny, favouring thinner tablets with a larger proportion of organics v. CaCO3, which increases the fracture resistance of the shell. Implications Therefore, only if ambient pH remains stable, NTT of freshwater mussels beyond the age of five may serve as a temperature proxy, albeit being associated with a large error.
Growth deregulation and interaction with host hemocytes contribute to tumor progression in a Drosophila brain tumor model
Authors: Voutyraki Chrysanthi , Choromidis Alexandros , Meligkounaki Anastasia , Vlachopoulos Nikolaos Andreas , Theodorou Vasiliki , Grammenoudi Sofia , Athanasiadis Emmanouil , Monticelli Sara , Giangrande Angela , Delidakis Christos , Zacharioudaki Evanthia
Published: August 2023

Tumors constantly interact with their microenvironment. Here, we present data on a Notch-induced neural stem cell (NSC) tumor in Drosophila, which can be immortalized by serial transplantation in adult hosts. This tumor arises in the larva by virtue of the ability of Notch to suppress early differentiation–promoting factors in NSC progeny. Guided by transcriptome data, we have addressed both tumor-intrinsic and microenvironment-specific factors and how they contribute to tumor growth and host demise. The growth promoting factors Myc, Imp, and Insulin receptor in the tumor cells are important for tumor expansion and killing of the host. From the host’s side, hemocytes, professional phagocytic blood cells, are found associated with tumor cells. Phagocytic receptors, like NimC1, are needed in hemocytes to enable them to capture and engulf tumor cells, restricting their growth. In addition to their protective role, hemocytes may also increase the host’s morbidity by their propensity to produce damaging extracellular reactive oxygen species.
Oceanic intraplate explosive eruptions fed directly from the mantle
Authors: DeVitre Charlotte L. , Gazel Esteban , Ramalho Ricardo S. , Venugopal Swetha , Steele-MacInnis Matthew , Hua Junlin , Allison Chelsea M. , Moore Lowell R. , Carracedo Juan Carlos , Monteleone Brian
Published: August 2023

Constraining the volatile content of magmas is critical to our understanding of eruptive processes and their deep Earth cycling essential to planetary habitability [R. Dasgupta, M. M. Hirschmann,
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
298
, 1 (2010)]. Yet, much of the work thus far on magmatic volatiles has been dedicated to understanding their cycling through subduction zones. Further, studies of intraplate mafic volcanism have disproportionately focused on Hawaii [P. E. Wieser et al.,
Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
22
, e2020GC009364 (2021)], making assessments of the overall role of intraplate volcanoes in the global volatile cycles a challenge. Additionally, while mafic volcanoes are the most common landform on Earth and the Solar System [C. A. Wood,
J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.
7
, 387–413 (1980)], they tend to be overlooked in favor of silicic volcanoes when it comes to their potential for explosivity. Here, we report primitive (olivine-hosted, with host Magnesium number – Mg# 78 to 88%) melt inclusion (MI) data from Fogo volcano, Cabo Verde, that suggest that oceanic intraplate silica-undersaturated explosive eruptions sample volatile-rich sources. Primitive MI (melt Mg# 70 to 71%) data suggest that these melts are oxidized (NiNiO to NiNiO+1) and very high in volatiles (up to 2 wt% CO
2
, 2.8 wt% H
2
O, 6,000 ppm S, 1,900 ppm F, and 1,100 ppm Cl) making Fogo a global endmember. Storage depths calculated from these high volatile contents also imply that magma storage at Fogo occurs at mantle depths (~20 to 30 km) and that these eruptions are fed from the mantle. Our results suggest that oceanic intraplate mafic eruptions are sustained from the mantle by high volatile concentrations inherited from their source and that deep CO
2
exsolution (here up to ~800 MPa) drives their ascent and explosivity.
Structural analysis of the dual agonism at GLP-1R and GCGR
Authors: Li Yang , Zhou Qingtong , Dai Antao , Zhao Fenghui , Chang Rulue , Ying Tianlei , Wu Beili , Yang Dehua , Wang Ming-Wei , Cong Zhaotong
Published: August 2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and glucagon receptor (GCGR), two members of class B1 G protein–coupled receptors, play important roles in glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. They share a high degree of sequence homology but have different functionalities. Unimolecular dual agonists of both receptors developed recently displayed better clinical efficacies than that of monotherapy. To study the underlying molecular mechanisms, we determined high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of GLP-1R or GCGR in complex with heterotrimeric G
s
protein and three GLP-1R/GCGR dual agonists including peptide 15, MEDI0382 (cotadutide) and SAR425899 with variable activating profiles at GLP-1R versus GCGR. Compared with related structures reported previously and supported by our published pharmacological data, key residues responsible for ligand recognition and dual agonism were identified. Analyses of peptide conformational features revealed a difference in side chain orientations within the first three residues, indicating that distinct engagements in the deep binding pocket are required to achieve receptor selectivity. The middle region recognizes extracellular loop 1 (ECL1), ECL2, and the top of transmembrane helix 1 (TM1) resulting in specific conformational changes of both ligand and receptor, especially the dual agonists reshaped ECL1 conformation of GLP-1R relative to that of GCGR, suggesting an important role of ECL1 interaction in executing dual agonism. Structural investigation of lipid modification showed a better interaction between lipid moiety of MEDI0382 and TM1-TM2 cleft, in line with its increased potency at GCGR than SAR425899. Together, the results provide insightful information for the design and development of improved therapeutics targeting these two receptors simultaneously.
Adsorption of tannic acid as depressant in the flotation separation of fluorite and bastnaesite
Authors: Guo Chunlei , Hou Shaochun , Jin Hailong , Wang Weiwei
Published: August 2023

Fluorite, a strategic industrial mineral, was investigated for flotation separation from bastnaesite with tannic acid (TA) as depressant. In this study, the adsorption analysis indicates that the adsorption density of TA on bastnaesite was greater than that of fluorite. The zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provide the evidence that chemisorption and electrostatic attraction occurred simultaneously between TA and fluorite or bastnaesite at optimal pH, the latter also involving hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, the micro-flotation and batch flotation results suggest that TA could effectively depress bastnaesite with a negligible effect on fluorite at low concentrations, and that TA attached to the surface of bastnaesite precluded the adsorption of phthalic acid (PA) as collector, whereas it could be adsorbed on the fluorite surface. These findings offer a robust theoretical foundation and valid guidance for the flotation separation of fluorite from bastnaesite in industrial processes.
Multi-phase field modeling and simulation of magnetically driven grain boundary migration in SmCo polycrystals
Authors: Huo L , Schiedung R , Li H , Wang G , Hong Y , Grünebohm A , Steinbach I
Published: August 2023

There is a growing demand for magnetic materials straight forward in wind turbines and electric motors. Their functional properties depend critically on their microstructure and thus on the microstructure evolution during sintering or heat treatment. Field-assisted selective grain growth allows to optimize the microstructure. However, the simultaneous modeling of the structural and magnetic degrees of freedom on the micrometer scale is not possible with most simulation packages. Therefore, we extend the open-source software project OpenPhase and implement the micromagnetic equations needed to treat both degrees of freedom in the framework of the multi-phase field method. We apply our model to the field-assisted grain growth in Sm2Co17 polycrystal films.
Climate uncertainty impacts on optimal mitigation pathways and social cost of carbon
Authors: Smith Christopher J , Al Khourdajie Alaa , Yang Pu , Folini Doris
Published: August 2023

Emissions pathways used in climate policy analysis are often derived from integrated assessment models. However, such emissions pathways do not typically include climate feedbacks on socioeconomic systems and by extension do not consider climate uncertainty in their construction. We use a well-known cost-benefit integrated assessment model, the Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy (DICE) model, with its climate component replaced by the Finite-amplitude Impulse Response (FaIR) model (v2.1). The climate uncertainty in FaIR is sampled with an ensemble that is consistent with historically observed climate and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessed ranges of key climate variables such as equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). By varying discounting assumptions, three scenarios are produced: a pathway similar to the ‘optimal welfare’ scenario of DICE that has similar warming outcomes to current policies, and pathways that limit warming to ‘well-below’ 2

∘

C

and 1.5

∘

C

with a short-term overshoot, aiming to meet Paris Agreement long-term temperature goals. Climate uncertainty alone is responsible for a factor of five variation (5%–95% range) in the social cost of carbon (SCC) in the 1.5

∘

C

overshoot scenario, with the spread in SCC increasing in relative terms with increasing stringency of climate target. CO2 emissions trajectories resulting from the optimal level of emissions abatement in all pathways are also sensitive to climate uncertainty, with 2050 emissions ranging from −12 to +14 GtCO2 yr−1 in the 1.5

∘

C

scenario. ECS and the strength of present-day aerosol effective radiative forcing are strong determinants of SCC and mid-century CO2 emissions. This shows that narrowing climate uncertainty leads to more refined estimates for the social cost of carbon and provides more certainty about the optimal rate of emissions abatement. Including climate and climate uncertainty in integrated assessment model derived emissions scenarios would address a key missing feedback in scenario construction.
Preparation of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Films by Air-Compressed Spray Method for Supercapacitor Device
Authors: Tunhoo Benchapol , Apiruktatarn Kanyawee , Onlaor Korakot , Thiwawong Thutiyaporn
Published: August 2023

In this work, the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle films were prepared from commercial Degussa P25-TiO2 nanoparticles by air-compressed spray. The properties of the prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope, respectively. In addition, the prepared TiO2 film on a metal substrate (stainless steel, SS304) was used to fabricate the electrode of the electrochemical supercapacitor device. The electrochemical storage performance of the fabricated device was obtained by cyclic voltammetry measurement in aqueous 1 M Na2SO4 with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (platinum as a counter electrode). The optimum specific capacitance of the fabricated device was found at 3.014 F/g at a scan rate of 50 mV/s.
Preparation and Characterization of Ag Nanoparticle/SiO2 Composite for Optical Application
Authors: Manivong Aphisit , Mekprasart Wanichaya , Boonyarattanakalin Kanokthip , Chongsri Krisana , Pecharapa Wisanu
Published: August 2023

A facile method to fabricate volumetric light-guide plate (LGP) by micro-nanostructure of Ag/SiO2 composite was presented in this study. The Ag NPs/SiO2 composite were first prepared from a mixture of yellowish-brown Ag NPs colloids and SiO2 powder by electrostatic self-assembly method. Its chemical and physical properties were investigated by scanning transmission microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The small particles (Ag/SiO2 composite) in the LGP could produce multiple scattering effect with different size of micro-nanoparticles, which could improve the light-scattering performance of the LGP. The effective light scattering of the material into LGP was obtained from the increased amount of the particles. Meanwhile, surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag NPs also improves the performance of LGP, which could be further applied to design device in optical application. In additional, optical properties and light scattering mechanism of the Ag NPs/SiO2 composite in the LGP are discussed and presented.