bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengetahuan, Sikap dengan Partisipasi Pedagang Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Pasar
Authors: Sufriannor Muhammad , Hardiono Hardiono , Zuraini Juanda A.
Published: September 2019

Abstract: Knowledge, Attitude with Merchants Participation In The Management of Market Waste. In Banjarbaru city waste volume transported by TPS officers per day about 90 tons / day to TPA. One of the source of waste is the market which is a big problem because most of the market waste is wet garbage. So these waste piles become flies nest, rats, insects.Waste management is also influenced by the participation of merchants that were still lacking awareness to play an active role in the implementation. The purpose of this study is to determine the relations of knowledge, attitude with the participation of merchants in waste management in the Bauntung market Banjarbaru. The type of this research is analytical survey research with Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study is all merchants in the Bauntung market Banjarbaru. The sample is 85 respondents, obtained by proportional sampling method. The research variables consist of independent variables, namely knowledge and attitude while the dependent variable is the participation of merchants in waste management. Data analysis used is univariat and bivariate (using Chi Square with α = 0,05). The result of the research stated that there is no correlation between knowledge level and participation (p-value 0,747> 0,05). There is a correlation between attitudes with participation (p-value 0.001
Larutan Tape Singkong (Manihot utilissima) sebagai Atraktan Nyamuk
Authors: Sa’adah Eva Mai , Isnawati Isnawati , Noraida Noraida
Published: September 2019

The Influence of Fermented Cassava (Manihot utilissima) Solutions as Atraktan in Mosquito Trap on The Number of Mosquitoes Trapped. The use of synthetic insecticides can cause health hazards to humans. Mosquito trap made of disused plastic bottles plus mosquito atraktan from natural materials is an alternative that is more economical, safe and environmentally friendly. One of the mosquito atraktan compounds is CO2. Fermented cassava is potentially as mosquito atraktan because it can produce CO2. This study aimed to know the influence of fermented cassava solutions as atraktan in mosquito trap from plastic bottles on the number of mosquitoes trapped. Type this study was Quasi Experiment. Design this study was Post-test Only with Control Design. The concentration of fermented cassava solutions was used in this study was 0% (control), 10%, 30%, 50% and 70%. The results showed the number of mosquitoes trapped at a concentration of 0% (control), 10%, 30% and 70% as much as 0 tail, whereas the konentrasi 50% as much as 1 tail. Kruskal Wallis test results showed no significant effects of the concentration of fermented cassava solutions.
Global Convergence and National Disparities in the Structure of Environmental Attitudes and Their Linkage to Pro-Environmental Behaviours
Authors: Kuo Hui-Ju , Yang-Chih FU
Published: September 2019

Although similar environmental issues are present across the globe, residents of different countries vary in the extent to which they are concerned about and act upon these issues. Drawing on data from the 2010 Environment module of the International Social Survey Programme, this study tests the structural comparability of environmental attitudes across 32 countries and examines how pro-environmental behaviours are linked to relevant attitudes. A confirmatory factor analysis from structural equation modelling helps identify three latent constructs of environmental attitudes: willingness to sacrifice, biospheric orientation and environmental scepticism. Further regression analyses reveal that the linkages between pro-environmental behaviours and the constructs of environmental attitudes converge in some countries but are less consistent in others. The findings help pinpoint signs of global convergence and national disparities, which merit more extensive analyses amid the recent surge in the availability of diverse empirical data from around the world.
'The Yellow River Comes from Our Hands': Silt, Hydroelectricity, and the Sanmenxia Dam, 1929-1973
Authors: Ding Xiangli
Published: September 2019

Focusing on the planning and construction of the Sanmenxia hydropower project, this article analyses the dynamics and tensions between energy demand and the nature of the Yellow River in the twentieth century. From the late 1920s, Japanese engineers aimed to develop hydroelectric power by building dams on the Yellow River. They viewed the Yellow River as an important source of hydroelectric power for building the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere. When Chinese Communists took control, they claimed that the primary function of the Sanmenxia project was flood control. Yet, influenced by the Soviet Union and the Chinese Communist state's industrialisation efforts, the engineers also emphasised the generation of electrical power, which resulted in a high dam design. The silting of the reservoir, however, frustrated the ambition of the Chinese leaders and engineers and resulted in the production of much lower and unstable power output upon the dam's completion.
On stabilization of solutions of higher order evolution inequalities
Authors: Kon’kov Andrej , Shishkov Andrey
Published: September 2019

We obtain sharp conditions guaranteeing that every non-negative weak solution of the inequality [Formula: see text] stabilizes to zero as [Formula: see text]. These conditions generalize the well-known Keller–Osserman condition on the growth of the function g at infinity.
Control problem on a rough circular domain and homogenization
Authors: Aiyappan S. , Jose Editha C. , Lomerio Ivy Carol B. , Nandakumaran A.K.
Published: September 2019

This paper is concerned with the asymptotic analysis of optimal control problems posed on a rough circular domain. The domain has two parts, namely a fixed outer part and an oscillating inner part. The period of the oscillation is of order [Formula: see text], a small parameter which approaches zero and the amplitude of the oscillation is fixed. We pose a periodic control on the oscillating part of the domain and study the homogenization of this problem using an unfolding operator suitably defined for this domain. One of the novelties of this paper is that we use the unfolding operator to characterize the optimal control in the non-homogenized level.
Limiting Hamilton–Jacobi equation for the large scale asymptotics of a subdiffusion jump-renewal equation
Authors: Calvez Vincent , Gabriel Pierre , Mateos González Álvaro
Published: September 2019

Subdiffusive motion takes place at a much slower timescale than diffusive motion. As a preliminary step to studying reaction-subdiffusion pulled fronts, we consider here the hyperbolic limit [Formula: see text] of an age-structured equation describing the subdiffusive motion of, e.g., some protein inside a biological cell. Solutions of the rescaled equations are known to satisfy a Hamilton–Jacobi equation in the formal limit [Formula: see text]. In this work we derive uniform Lipschitz estimates, and establish the convergence towards the viscosity solution of the limiting Hamilton–Jacobi equation. The two main obstacles overcome in this work are the non-existence of an integrable stationary measure, and the importance of memory terms in subdiffusion.
Stability of a class of nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations and stochastic homogenization
Authors: Anza Hafsa Omar , Mandallena Jean Philippe , Michaille Gérard
Published: September 2019

We establish a convergence theorem for a class of nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations when the diffusion term is the subdifferential of a convex functional in a class of functionals of the calculus of variations equipped with the Mosco-convergence. The reaction term, which is not globally Lipschitz with respect to the state variable, gives rise to bounded solutions, and cover a wide variety of models. As a consequence we prove a homogenization theorem for this class under a stochastic homogenization framework.
Initial-boundary value problem for distributed order time-fractional diffusion equations
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Kian Yavar , Soccorsi Éric
Published: September 2019

We examine initial-boundary value problems for diffusion equations with distributed order time-fractional derivatives. We prove existence and uniqueness results for the weak solution to these systems, together with its continuous dependency on initial value and source term. Moreover, we provide energy estimates of the solution for small and large times. Finally, under suitable assumption on the source term, we establish that the solution is analytic in time.
Homogenization of biased convolution type operators
Authors: Piatnitski A. , Zhizhina E.
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with homogenization of parabolic problems for integral convolution type operators with a non-symmetric jump kernel in a periodic elliptic medium. It is shown that the homogenization result holds in moving coordinates. We determine the corresponding effective velocity and prove that the limit operator is a second order parabolic operator with constant coefficients. We also consider the behaviour of the effective velocity in the case of small antisymmetric perturbations of a symmetric kernel, in particular we show that the Einstein relation holds for the studied periodic environment.
On asymptotic forms of solutions to the Riccati equation
Authors: Samovol V.S.
Published: September 2019

We study the Riccati equation with coefficients having power asymptotic forms in a neighbourhood of infinity. Also, we examine the solutions to these equations and describe their asymptotic forms.
Pressure-driven flow in thin domains
Authors: Fabricius John , Miroshnikova Elena , Tsandzana Afonso , Wall Peter
Published: September 2019

We study the asymptotic behavior of pressure-driven Stokes flow in a thin domain. By letting the thickness of the domain tend to zero we derive a generalized form of the classical Reynolds–Poiseuille law, i.e. the limit velocity field is a linear function of the pressure gradient. By prescribing the external pressure as a normal stress condition, we recover a Dirichlet condition for the limit pressure. In contrast, a Dirichlet condition for the velocity yields a Neumann condition for the limit pressure.
Double phase problem with critical and locally defined reaction terms
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Zhang Chao
Published: September 2019

We consider a double phase problem with a reaction consisting of a parametric critical term plus a Caratheodory perturbation which is only locally restricted near zero. We show that for all big values of the parameter [Formula: see text] the problem has at least three nontrivial smooth solutions all with sign information (two of constant sign and the third nodal). Also we establish the asymptotic behavior of the solutions as [Formula: see text]. Finally if we improve the regularity of the perturbation term, we show that there is a second nodal solution for a total of four nontrivial smooth solutions all with sign information.
Precised approximations in elliptic homogenization beyond the periodic setting
Authors: Blanc X. , Josien M. , Le Bris C.
Published: September 2019

We consider homogenization problems for linear elliptic equations in divergence form. The coefficients are assumed to be a local perturbation of some periodic background. We prove [Formula: see text] and Lipschitz convergence of the two-scale expansion, with explicit rates. For this purpose, we use a corrector adapted to this particular setting, and defined in ( Comm. Partial Differential Equations 40 ( 2015 ) 2173–2236; Comm. Partial Differential Equations 43 ( 2018 ) 965–997), and apply the same strategy of proof as Avellaneda and Lin in ( Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 40 ( 1987 ) 803–847). We also propose an abstract setting generalizing our particular assumptions for which the same estimates hold.
Long-time behavior of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the third-order Airy equation
Authors: Zakharov Sergei V.
Published: September 2019

The long-time asymptotic behavior of the solution of the Cauchy problem for the evolutionary third-order Airy equation describing wave propagation in dispersive physical media is derived by using the auxiliary parameter method. For the solution in the form of the convolution of the initial data and the Airy function, an asymptotic Erdélyi expansion in inverse powers of the cube root of the time variable with the coefficients depending on a self-similar variable and the logarithm of time is obtained. To refine the asymptotics, a family of special function classes for its coefficients is introduced. It is pointed out how the used method is connected with the geometrical optics approach and how the obtained result can be applied to nonlinear third-order PDEs.
Concentrating solutions for a fractional Kirchhoff equation with critical growth
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo
Published: September 2019

In this paper we consider the following class of fractional Kirchhoff equations with critical growth: [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a small parameter, [Formula: see text] are constants, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is the fractional critical exponent, [Formula: see text] is the fractional Laplacian operator, V is a positive continuous potential and f is a superlinear continuous function with subcritical growth. Using penalization techniques and variational methods, we prove the existence of a family of positive solutions [Formula: see text] which concentrates around a local minimum of V as [Formula: see text].
Asymptotic behavior of ground states of generalized pseudo-relativistic Hartree equation
Authors: Belchior P. , Bueno H. , Miyagaki O.H. , Pereira G.A.
Published: September 2019

With appropriate hypotheses on the nonlinearity f, we prove the existence of a ground state solution u for the problem [Formula: see text] where V is a bounded potential, not necessarily continuous, and F the primitive of f. We also show that any of this problem is a classical solution. Furthermore, we prove that the ground state solution has exponential decay.
Asymptotical analysis of a nonlinear Sturm–Liouville problem: Linearisable and non-linearisable solutions
Authors: Kurseeva Valeria , Moskaleva Marina , Valovik Dmitry
Published: September 2019

The paper focuses on a nonlinear eigenvalue problem of Sturm–Liouville type with real spectral parameter under first type boundary conditions and additional local condition. The nonlinear term is an arbitrary monotonically increasing function. It is shown that for small nonlinearity the negative eigenvalues can be considered as perturbations of solutions to the corresponding linear eigenvalue problem, whereas big positive eigenvalues cannot be considered in this way. Solvability results are found, asymptotics of negative as well as positive eigenvalues are derived, distribution of zeros of the eigenfunctions is presented. As a by-product, a comparison theorem between eigenvalues of two problems with different data is derived. Applications of the found results in electromagnetic theory are given.
An Introduction
Authors: LoMonte Frank D. , Cuillier David
Published: September 2019

Publisher Frank LoMonte and Editor David Cuillier introduce readers to the new Journal of Civic Information, a peer-reviewed online open-access journal dedicated to fostering research in the acquisition, disseminiation, and use of information vital to civic engagement and self-governance.
Avaliação dos Indicadores da Qualidade dos Exames Citopatológicos do Colo do Útero de Laboratórios Privados do Estado de Goiás Credenciados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Zago Silveira Ázara Cinara , Silva Araújo Eduardo , Magalhães Juliana Cristina , Goreti Amaral Rita
Published: September 2019

Introdução: Embora existam normas de controle da qualidade dos exames citopatológicos, a maioria dos laboratórios brasileiros apresenta indicadores abaixo do esperado. Objetivo: Avaliar cinco indicadores de monitoramento interno da qualidade dos laboratórios privados, credenciados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, monitorados e não monitorados por um Laboratório de Monitoramento Externo da Qualidade no Estado de Goias. Método: Estudo transversal. Foram incluídos 153.258 exames realizados em 44 laboratórios, sendo 14 monitorados e 30 não monitorados, de janeiro a dezembro de 2012, utilizando dados do Siscolo. Resultados: Os laboratórios monitorados apresentaram 1.837 exames alterados; dos quais 855 foram classificados como atipias em células escamosas, 905 lesões intraepiteliais e 350 lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau; enquanto os não monitorados apresentaram 2.535 exames alterados, com 1.436 atipias em células escamosas, 890 lesões intraepiteliais e 244 lesões intraepiteliais de alto grau. Aproximadamente 60% dos laboratórios monitorados e 26% dos nao monitorados apresentaram índice de positividade ≥ 3%, 72% dos monitorados, e 10% dos não monitorados apresentaram percentual de exames compatíveis com lesão intraepitelial de alto grau entre os exames satisfatórios ≥ 0,4%. Cerca de 7% dos monitorados e 29% dos não monitorados apresentaram percentual de atipias escamosas de significado indeterminado entre os exames alterados ≥ 60%. Conclusão: A maioria dos laboratórios que apresentaram indicadores dentro dos parâmetros recomendados participa do monitoramento externo da qualidade.
Stem Cells for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Hossain ATM Mosharef
Published: September 2019

Abstract not available
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 1
Relationship of the Location of the Ventricular Catheter Tip and Function of the Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Authors: Arman DM , Muhammad Ekramullah Sheikh , Mukherjee Sudipta Kumer , Islam Joynul , Rashid Mirza Hafizur , Salam MA , Mia MA Quddus , Saifuddin AZM , Arefin Muhammad Shamsul
Published: September 2019

Object: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of the location of the ventricular catheter tip and function of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 140 patients from a single institution who underwent a ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure in which a new ventricular catheter was placed between September, 2013 and September 2016. Data abstracted for each patient included age, sex, diagnosis, site and side of ventricular catheter placement. Postoperative CT scan images were reviewed for accuracy of ventricular catheter placement. Patients were followed up over 2 ½ to 4 ½ years.63 patients were available for follow up. We lost communication with rest of the patients. The relationship of the location of the ventricular catheter tip and function of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt was analyzed in 63 patients.
Results: There were 140 patients included in the study; accuracy ventricular catheter tip placement were 55 (39.28%) using freehand technique. VP shunt functioned well in 43 (68.25%) of 63 patients. Among the 43 patients with well functioning shunt ,19 were in accurate group ,7 were in suboptimal group and 17 were in inaccurate group.26 patients (41.27%) had good outcome with normal development and normal IQ
Conclusions: Mechanical malfunction and infection are the most significant problems associated with shunts for the treatment of hydrocephalus. Above all, a significant proportion of shunt failure was due to obstruction of the ventricular catheter, and accurate placement of the shunt catheter is highly important to reduce the incidence of shunt malfunction.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 16-21
Nerve Anastomosis-our Experience of Thirteen Cases
Authors: Haroon Kaisar , Taher Tania , Alam Shafiul , Alamgir Abdullah , Reza Md Arif , Hossain Sk Sader
Published: September 2019

Background: Peripheral nerve injury is a common condition. Though it is not life threatening, it may cause disability to a person. In this study we have analysed our experience of anastomosis of injured nerves. Materials and methods: This is an observational study that was done within a period from January 2014 to December 2018. 13 patients with injury to the nerves were operated upon. There were 11 male and 2 female patients. All patients were followed up in OPD upto one and half years. 5 patients were lost from follow up, of these, two were female. Results: After surgery, touch returned in 5 patients. Of motor function,there was no improvement in 1 patient, grade 1 in 1 patient, grade 2 in 4 patients and grade 3 in 3 patients. Those who came earlier had better outcome, so had those with small injury and distal to the limb. Conclusion: peripheral nerve injury has to be repaired as soon as possible. The sooner it can be done the better will be the outcome.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 33-38
Early Institutional Experience of Management of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: Our Team Approach
Authors: Salek Md Al Amin , Shariar Rajib , Faisal Md Hasnain , Manik Md Abdul Hye , Choudhury Ahmed Ul Mursalin , Chowdhury Rukun Uddin , Islam Md Aminul , Ahmed Masud , Alam Zoherul , Islam Shafiqul
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Intracranial aneurysms are relatively common, with a prevalence of approximately 4%. Rupture of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) causing subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating event that is still associated with a 50% case fatality rate, despite major improvements in surgical techniques, diagnosis and interventional treatment. While patient subgroups may clearly qualify for either surgical or endovascular treatment some patients could benefit from multimodal therapy. In this article we will show our team approach experience of management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms.
Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 52 patients of ruptured intracranial aneurysm who got admitted into Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka in the period from Jan 2016 to Dec 2018. Patients were evaluated according to their demographic data, analysis of risk factors, radiological location of aneurysms, World Federation of Neurological Surgeon (WFNS) scale, procedural options for aneurysm treatment, post procedural complications. We excluded unruptured cases and those patients who were treated conservatively. General outcome was assessed through the Glasgow out-come (GOS) scale. Data analysis was done by using computer software SPSS version 25.0. Patients studied were mainly middle-aged with mean age 44 ±5.2 years and predominantly female. Most of the patients had previous history of hypertension 45 (86.53%). WFNS scale 2 was observed in 34 (65.38%). Anterior communicating (Acom) artery aneurysm was more frequent which is found in 16 (30.77%) cases. 37 (71.15%) patients underwent microsurgical clipping whereas 13 (25%) patients underwent endovascular intervention and 2 (3.85%) patients needed combined approach. Complications were more in microsurgical clipping group 38 (73.08%) in comparison to endovascular group 13 (25%). GOS scale 5 was observed in 30 (57.70%) cases.
Conclusion: Our experience of management of ruptured intracranial aneurysms together with their outcome have been reflected in this small study. For better outcome of ruptured intracranial aneurysms decision can be made on an individual case by case basis. Hybrid treatment option of staged endovascular and open microsurgical proceduresare sometimes needed as a combined approach.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 39-43
Microneurosurgical Management of Upper Cervical Spinal Schwannoma: An Experience of 30 Cases
Authors: Rahman Md Atikur , Mitra Pijush Kanti , Habib Riad , Islam Md KM Tariqul , Amin Md Rezaul , Mahmood Ehsan
Published: September 2019

Aim: We prospectively recorded the clinical features, radiological features, surgical approaches & findings, postoperative follow up & ultimate neurological outcome of upper cervical spinal schwannomas and then we evaluated the records retrospectively. Materials and Method: 30 upper cervical spinal schwannomas patient who underwent surgery (microneurosurgically) from 2007 to 2014 in the department of neurosurgery Dhaka Medical College and private hospitals are included in this retrospective study. After operation all patients were followed up regularly both clinically and neuro-radiologically.
Results: Out of 30 cases 16 male and 14 females. The male to female ratio was 1.4: 1, Age range from 8 to 60 years with mean age 35 Years. Most of the patients are in middle years age group The mean duration of symptoms at the time of presentation was 32 months (range 06 months-5 years). Four schwannomas were completely extradural, fourteen were intradural and rest twelve were intradural or hourglass type (both extra and intradural) as identified during surgery. The posterior midline approach was used in all patients. A C2 hemilaminectomy or C2 laminectomy with or without cutting of posterior arch of atlas was used for most intradural and large in terdural C2 schwannomas. Tumor removal was complete in all cases. Preservation of the nerve root fibers was not possible in 18 cases and was possible only in 12 cases. In one patients CSF leak developed after operation. One patient who had severe myelopathic features with bed sore failed to improve and expired 5 months after operation. Rest of the patients showed postoperative improvement in their preoperative symptoms and returned to their normal life by the end of sixth month. There was one tumor recurrence in any patient till last follow up.
Conclusion: Proper 3-D anatomical orientation & physiological knowledge, deep neuro-radiological observation, pathological appreciations and micro-neurosurgical skill and expertization can make the surgical management of these tumors ( in a surgically complex site) simple with gratifying result (i.e.neurological outcome) without extensive bone removal or soft tissue manipulation through a standard midline posterior approach.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 44-48
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland in a 45 Years Old Male: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Khan Akhlaque Hossain , Ahmed Nazmin , Shalike Narendra , Matin Abul Bashar Md Abdul , Al Amin Firoj Ahmed , Barua Sudip , Kamal Mohammed
Published: September 2019

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that can manifests as proptosis in adult population. They account for 1.6% of all orbital tumors. Despite their rarity, they are the second most frequent epithelial neoplasms occurring in the lacrimal gland after pleomorphic adenomas. This kind of tumors are commonly occur in the salivary glands but can metastasize to lung, breast ,brain and sinuses in hematogenous route.We describe a patient who presented with protrusion of right eyeball, developing over 8 years with history of intermittent watery discharge for 4 years. His magnetic resonance imaging showed a retrobulbarextraconal soft tissue lesion around the lacrimal fossa with invasion and erosion of the adjacent bone. The patient underwent right sided orbito-pterional craniotomy and gross total removal of tumor. Pathologic analysis showed neoplastic cells in a predominantly cribriform pattern with features of perineural invasion and diagnosed as a case adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. We review the incidence, clinical features, radiographic and histopathologic features of these rare, aggressive malignancies along with current treatment options with reference to the relevant literatures.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 49-53
Endoscopic Removal of Skull Base Chordoma Type III through Single Skull Base Approach: Our Early Experience
Authors: Alam Shamsul , Sharif Mohammad Sujan , Haldar Rathin , Chaudhury Anil , Mahbub Abdullah Al , Bari Shahnwaz , Haque Moududul
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Skull base chordomas present with headache, commonly VI cranial nerve palsy or sometimes with lower cranial nerve involvement.Sometimes in neglected case it presents with complete blindness and facial nerve palsy.
Case presentation: A 60-year old man presented with headache,visual disturbance progressing to blindness and facial nerve palsy. At first, radiological imaging showed large tumor which eroded his clivus, sella floor and involved both cavernous carotid more on left side,both ethmoid sinus,middle cranial fossa entension with transdural extension posteriorly.
Conclusion: Patients who present with complete blindness and facial nerve palsy, endoscopic excision in a single skull base approach of a skull base chordoma type III is challenging and who developed visual improvement following surgery, has been highlighted in this report.
Bang. J Neurosurgery 2019; 9(1): 57-63
Statistical Analysis for Evaluating Natural Yellow Coloring Agents from Peel of Local Fruits in Malang: Mangosteen, Honey Pineapple and Red Dragon Fruits
Authors: Kurniawan Yehezkiel Steven , Adhiwibawa Marcelinus Alfasisurya Setya , Setiyono Edi , Fahmi Muhammad Riza Ghulam , Lintang Hendrik Oktendy
Published: September 2019

In the present work, a comprehensive statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the potential application of peel of local fruits from Malang, i.e. mangosteen, honey pineapple and red dragon fruits for natural yellow coloring agents. The yellow pigments from those fruit peels were extracted through a simple maceration method using distilled water, acetone and ethanol as the solvents. The CIE color space of the extracts was measured to obtain L*, a* and b* values. The obtained data were further analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Duncan Test to determine the most potent natural yellow coloring agent. All the extracts were appeared as mild to strong yellow liquid except for acetone extract for the peel of red dragon fruit extracts. From the CIE color space and PCA analysis, either ethanolic or acetone extracts of mangosteen appears as a strong yellow liquid and they are statistically not different. Interestingly, the MANOVA and Duncan test results are able to distinguish that the ethanolic extract of mangosteens’ peel as the best candidate for natural yellow coloring agents because of its lowest L* and also highest b* variable values.
Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar menggunakan media kertas bergambar pada materi perkembangbiakan tumbuhan tema 1
Authors: Iriani Enin
Published: September 2019

Student learning outcomes on plant propagation material need to be improved. That is because the material is difficult and needs media to help to learn. The purpose of this research is to improve student learning outcomes at primary school level using paper media display on plant propagation material. The method used is Classroom Action Research with three cycles. The study was conducted on July 2019. The instrument used was a matter of learning achievement test in the form of a description item. The results showed that student learning outcomes increased after using illustrated paper on plant breeding material, even though the increase in learning outcomes was included in the low category (N-gain < 0.3). The conclusion of this research is an increase in student learning outcomes in plant breeding material using pictorial paper media.
Comparative Analysis among Single-Stage, Dual-Stage, and Triple-Stage Actuator Systems Applied to a Hard Disk Drive Servo System
Authors: Hossain Alamgir , Rahman Md. Arifur
Published: September 2019

In modern times, the design and optimization of different actuator systems for controlling a high-precision position control system represent a popular interdisciplinary research area. Initially, only single-stage actuator systems were used to control most of the motion control applications. Currently, dual-stage actuation systems are widely applied to high-precision position control systems such as hard disk drive (HDD) servo systems. In the dual-stage system, a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator is used as the primary stage and a piezoelectric micro-actuator is applied as the secondary stage. However, a dual-stage control architecture does not show significant performance improvements to achieve the next-generation high-capacity HDD servo system. Research continues on how to fabricate a tertiary actuator for a triple-stage HDD servo system. A thermal positioning controller (TPC) actuator is considered promising as the tertiary stage. The triple-stage system aims to achieve greater bandwidth, track density, and disk speed, with minimum sensitivity and greater error minimization. In this work, these three actuation systems with different combinations of proportional plus integral (PI), proportional plus derivative (PD), and proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) controller, lag-lead controller, lag filter, and inverse lead plus a PI controller were designed and analyzed through simulation to achieve high-precision positioning. The comparative analyses were done on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.
Development of a Head Injury Criteria-Compliant Aircraft Seat by Design of Experiments
Authors: Lamanna Giuseppe , Vanacore Amalia , Guida Michele , Caputo Francesco , Marulo Francesco , Vitolo Bonaventura , Cicatiello Salvatore
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with the redesign of an aircraft passenger seat, placed at the first seat row, which was not compliant with Federal Aviation Regulations FAR 25.562 “Emergency landing dynamic conditions” regulation (due to a high value for the Head Injury Criterion (HIC)) and related guidelines. Starting from an accurate analysis of some results obtained via an experimental seat sled test, a numerical procedure was developed in order to improve the passenger safety with respect to head injury. Specifically, the proposed numerical procedure, using the advantages of a Finite Element (FE) model and a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach for simulation modeling, was aimed at identifying a new design solution to avoid the impact between the passenger’s head and the bulkhead. The redesign of the passenger seat was validated against an experimental test carried out at Geven S.p.A. Company by demonstrating, consequently, the compliance of the modified seat-belt system with the regulations.
Transcriptome Analysis of the Effects of Fasting Caecotrophy on Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in New Zealand Rabbits
Authors: Wang Yadong , Xu Huifen , Sun Guirong , Xue Mingming , Sun Shuaijie , Huang Tao , Zhou Jianshe , Loor Juan J. , Li Ming
Published: September 2019

In order to investigate the effects of fasting caecotrophy on hepatic lipid metabolism in rabbits, 12 weaned female New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into (n = 6/group) a control and fasting caecotrophy group. Rabbits in the experimental group were treated with an Elizabeth circle to prevent them from eating their own soft feces for a 60-day period. Growth and blood biochemical indices, transcriptome sequencing and histology analysis of the liver were performed. Compared with the control group, final weight, weight gain, liver weight, growth rate and feed conversion ratio, all decreased in the experimental group (p < 0.05). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed a total of 301.2 million raw reads (approximately 45.06 Gb of high-quality clean data) that were mapped to the rabbit genome. After a five-step filtering process, 14,964 genes were identified, including 444 differentially expressed genes (p < 0.05, foldchange ≥ 1). A number of differently expressed genes linked to lipid metabolism were further analyzed including CYP7A1, SREBP, ABCA1, GPAM, CYP3A1, RBP4 and RDH5. The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) annotation of the differentially expressed genes indicated that main pathways affected were pentose and glucuronide interactions, starch and sucrose metabolism, retinol metabolism and PPAR signaling. Overall, the present study revealed that preventing caecotrophy reduced growth and altered lipid metabolism, both of which will help guide the development of new approaches for rabbits’ feeding and production. These data also provide a reference for studying the effects of soft feces in other small herbivores.
Simultaneous Verification of Multi-Ultrasonic-Flowmeters in Tandem Arrangement for Natural Gas
Authors: Hong Tingyang , Yang Meng , Tu Chengxu , Huang Qipeng , Bao Fubing , Yin Zhaoqin , Gao Xiaoyan
Published: September 2019

A combined experiment and numerical analysis was performed to determine whether the flow field has a significant impact on the simultaneous verification of multi-ultrasonic flowmeters (UFMs) in tandem arrangement (SVUFMST) and whether the SVUFMST is practical for flowrate measurement of pressurized natural gas. In practical testing, SVUFMST can highly improve the efficiency of UFMs’ calibration. Two types of UFMs of different nominal diameter were studied: DN250 and DN150. When it comes to DN250, data obtained from the actual-flow experiments were first used to verify the simulated results for n ≤ 3 (number of tested UFMs) and then the verified numerical method was extended to simulate the internal flow of four and five tested UFMs. Comparison analysis shows that all the numerical results agree remarkably well with the available experimental data and more than two tested UFMs can induce an overall shift in the E–Q curve (relative measurement error E plotted as a function of flowrate Q). For the slight difference among the tested UFMs, the practicability of the SVUFMST at n ≤ 4 (DN250) and n ≤ 3 (DN150) are thereby proved, whereas the striking difference in E (~1.0%) between the most downstream UFM and the other UFMs for n = 5 (DN250), associated with the outstanding collapse onto the velocity profile along the acoustic paths, results in the invalidation of the SVUFMST.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Modeling of Cultural Heritage Site Using UAV Imagery: A Case Study of the Pagodas in Wat Maha That, Thailand
Authors: Manajitprasert Supaporn , Tripathi Nitin , Arunplod Sanit
Published: September 2019

As a novel innovative technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly being used in archaeological studies owing to their cost-effective, simple photogrammetric tool that can produce high-resolution scaled models. This study focuses on the three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the pagoda at Wat Maha That, an archaeological site in the Ayutthaya province of Thailand, which was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site of notable cultural and historical significance in 1991. This paper presents the application of UAV imagery to generate an accurate 3D model using two pagodas at Wat Maha That as case studies: Chedi and Prang. The methodology described in the paper provides an effective, economical manner of semi-automatic mapping and contributes to the high-quality modeling of cultural heritage sites. The unmanned aerial vehicle structure-from-motion (UAV-SfM) method was used to generate a 3D Wat Mahathat pagoda model. Its accuracy was compared with a model obtained using terrestrial laser scanning and check points. The findings indicated that the 3D UAV-SfM pagoda model was sufficiently accurate to support pagoda conservation management in Thailand.
Air-Quality Challenges of Prescribed Fire in the Complex Terrain and Wildland Urban Interface Surrounding Bend, Oregon
Authors: Miller Colton , O’Neill Susan , Rorig Miriam , Alvarado Ernesto
Published: September 2019

Prescribed fires in forest ecosystems can negatively impact human health and safety by transporting smoke downwind into nearby communities. Smoke transport to communities is known to occur around Bend, Oregon, United States of America (USA), where burning at the wildland–urban interface in the Deschutes National Forest resulted in smoke intrusions into populated areas. The number of suitable days for prescribed fires is limited due to the necessity for moderate weather conditions, as well as wind directions that do not carry smoke into Bend. To better understand the conditions leading to these intrusions and to assess predictions of smoke dispersion from prescribed fires, we collected data from an array of weather and particulate monitors over the autumn of 2014 and spring of 2015 and historical weather data from nearby remote automated weather stations (RAWS). We characterized the observed winds to compare with meteorological and smoke dispersion models using the BlueSky smoke modeling framework. The results from this study indicated that 1–6 days per month in the spring and 2–4 days per month in the fall met the general meteorological prescription parameters for conducting prescribed fires in the National Forest. Of those, 13% of days in the spring and 5% of days in the fall had “ideal” wind patterns, when north winds occurred during the day and south winds did not occur at night. The analysis of smoke intrusions demonstrated that dispersion modeling can be useful for anticipating the timing and location of smoke impacts, but substantial errors in wind speed and direction of the meteorological models can lead to mischaracterizations of intrusion events. Additionally, for the intrusion event modeled using a higher-resolution 1-km meteorological and dispersion model, we found improved predictions of both the timing and location of smoke delivery to Bend compared with the 4-km meteorological model. The 1-km-resolution model prediction fell within 1 h of the observed event, although with underpredicted concentrations, and demonstrated promise for high-resolution modeling in areas of complex terrain.
Polyhexamethyleneguanidine Phosphate-Induced Cytotoxicity in Liver Cells Is Alleviated by Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) via a Reduction in Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Kim Sou Hyun , Kwon Doyoung , Lee Seunghyun , Ki Sung Hwan , Jeong Hye Gwang , Hong Jin Tae , Lee Yun-Hee , Jung Young-Suk
Published: September 2019

Polyhexamethyleneguanidine phosphate (PHMG-P) is a widely used polymeric antimicrobial agent known to induce significant pulmonary toxicity. Several studies have reported that the liver also can be a target organ of polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG) toxicity, but the exact effect of this compound on liver cells is not well understood. To identify the mechanism of PHMG hepatotoxicity, HepG2 cells were exposed to PHMG-P for 72 h. The cell viability was significantly decreased by PHMG-P in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The mitochondrial membrane potential was markedly reduced by PHMG-P and the apoptotic signaling cascade was activated. The increases observed in C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), p-IRE, and p-JNK levels in PHMG-P-treated cells indicated the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. To verify the role of ER stress in PHMG-P-induced cytotoxicity, HepG2 cells were pretreated with the chemical chaperone, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and then co-treated with TUDCA and PHMG-P for 24 h. Interestingly, TUDCA inhibited PHMG-P-induced ER stress and cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptotic cell death and mitochondrial depolarization were also prevented by TUDCA. The proteins involved in the apoptotic pathway were all normalized to their control levels in TUDCA-treated cells. In conclusion, the results suggest that PHMG-P induced significant cytotoxicity in liver cells and ER stress-mediated apoptosis, which may be an important mechanism mediating this hepatotoxicity.
Stereological Investigation of Regional Brain Volumes after Acute and Chronic Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination
Authors: Hochstrasser Tanja , Rühling Sebastian , Hecher Kerstin , Fabisch Kai H. , Chrzanowski Uta , Brendel Matthias , Eckenweber Florian , Sacher Christian , Schmitz Christoph , Kipp Markus
Published: September 2019

Brain volume measurement is one of the most frequently used biomarkers to establish neuroprotective effects during pre-clinical multiple sclerosis (MS) studies. Furthermore, whole-brain atrophy estimates in MS correlate more robustly with clinical disability than traditional, lesion-based metrics. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to brain atrophy are poorly understood, partly due to the lack of appropriate animal models to study this aspect of the disease. The purpose of this study was to assess brain volumes and neuro-axonal degeneration after acute and chronic cuprizone-induced demyelination. C57BL/6 male mice were intoxicated with cuprizone for up to 12 weeks. Brain volume, as well as total numbers and densities of neurons, were determined using design-based stereology. After five weeks of cuprizone intoxication, despite severe demyelination, brain volumes were not altered at this time point. After 12 weeks of cuprizone intoxication, a significant volume reduction was found in the corpus callosum and diverse subcortical areas, particularly the internal capsule and the thalamus. Thalamic volume loss was accompanied by glucose hypermetabolism, analyzed by [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography. This study demonstrates region-specific brain atrophy of different subcortical brain regions after chronic cuprizone-induced demyelination. The chronic cuprizone demyelination model in male mice is, thus, a useful tool to study the underlying mechanisms of subcortical brain atrophy and to investigate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
Colebrook’s Flow Friction Explicit Approximations Based on Fixed-Point Iterative Cycles and Symbolic Regression
Authors: Brkić Dejan , Praks Pavel
Published: September 2019

The logarithmic Colebrook flow friction equation is implicitly given in respect to an unknown flow friction factor. Traditionally, an explicit approximation of the Colebrook equation requires evaluation of computationally demanding transcendental functions, such as logarithmic, exponential, non-integer power, Lambert W and Wright Ω functions. Conversely, we herein present several computationally cheap explicit approximations of the Colebrook equation that require only one logarithmic function in the initial stage, whilst for the remaining iterations the cheap Padé approximant of the first order is used instead. Moreover, symbolic regression was used for the development of a novel starting point, which significantly reduces the error of internal iterations compared with the fixed value staring point. Despite the starting point using a simple rational function, it reduces the relative error of the approximation with one internal cycle from 1.81% to 0.156% (i.e., by a factor of 11.6), whereas the relative error of the approximation with two internal cycles is reduced from 0.317% to 0.0259% (i.e., by a factor of 12.24). This error analysis uses a sample with 2 million quasi-Monte Carlo points and the Sobol sequence.
Genotyping-by-Sequencing Reveals Molecular Genetic Diversity in Italian Common Bean Landraces
Authors: Lioi Lucia , Zuluaga Diana L. , Pavan Stefano , Sonnante Gabriella
Published: September 2019

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the main legumes worldwide and represents a valuable source of nutrients. Independent domestication events in the Americas led to the formation of two cultivated genepools, namely Mesoamerican and Andean, to which European material has been brought back. In this study, Italian common bean landraces were analyzed for their genetic diversity and structure, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology. After filtering, 11,866 SNPs were obtained and 798 markers, pruned for linkage disequilibrium, were used for structure analysis. The most probable number of subpopulations (K) was two, consistent with the presence of the two genepools, identified through the phaseolin diagnostic marker. Some landraces were admixed, suggesting probable hybridization events between Mesoamerican and Andean material. When increasing the number of possible Ks, the Andean germplasm appeared to be structured in two or three subgroups. The subdivision within the Andean material was also observed in a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) plot and a dendrogram based on genetic distances. The Mesoamerican landraces showed a higher level of genetic diversity compared to the Andean landraces. Calculation of the fixation index (FST) at individual SNPs between the Mesoamerican and Andean genepools and within the Andean genepool evidenced clusters of highly divergent loci in specific chromosomal regions. This work may help to preserve landraces of the common bean from genetic erosion, and could represent a starting point for the identification of interesting traits that determine plant adaptation.