bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Milestones in the Development of a National Infrastructure for Nuclear Power
Authors:   INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
Published: December 2023

The development and implementation of an appropriate infrastructure to support the successful introduction of nuclear power and its safe, secure, peaceful and sustainable application is an issue of central concern, especially for countries that are considering and planning their first nuclear power plant. In preparing the necessary nuclear infrastructure, there are several activities that need to be completed. These activities can be split into three progressive phases of development. This publication provides a description of the conditions expected to be achieved by the end of each phase to assist with the best use of resources. ‘Milestones’ refer to the conditions necessary to demonstrate that the phase has been successfully completed.
IAEA Nuclear Safety and Security Glossary
Authors:   INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
Published: December 2023

The IAEA Nuclear Safety and Security Glossary, 2022 (Interim) Edition, defines and explains technical terms used in IAEA safety standards and nuclear security guidance and other safety and security related IAEA publications, and provides information on their usage. It includes terms and definitions that have been established in IAEA safety standards and nuclear security guidance issued and approved up to 2022. The primary purpose of the publication is to promote consistency of terminology and usage. The glossary provides guidance for drafters and reviewers of safety standards, nuclear security guidance and other publications and is a source of information for users of these publications.
Intervención dinámica docente-alumno para el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico y reflexivo en las clases virtuales
Authors: Sánchez Chero José Antonio , Sánchez Chero Manuel Jesús , Sánchez Chero Luis Alberto , Peña Siancas Jonel Dair
Published: December 2023

La intervención dinámica docente – alumnos denominada “Método IDDA” permitió compartir conocimiento, experiencias y rompe el silencio de los estudiantes rurales en las sesiones virtuales. El objetivo fue integrar mediante opiniones abiertas sobre el tema de estudio para logra comprensión y despertar el entusiasmo por aprender mediante crítica constructiva con enfoque teórico. La metodología de investigación fue aplicada, inducido a la recopilación múltiples de participaciones según los procedimientos temáticos programados. Adicionalmente, las discusiones fundamentaron alternativas en la compleja dedicación del aprendizaje mediante el debate y la reflexión de los participantes. El estudio por naturaleza fue cuantitativo, alcance descriptivo – correlacional. La investigación fue aplicada a una muestra de 295 estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Nacional de Frontera, Sullana, Perú. El resultado determinó que la aplicación del método IDDA permitió despertar el interés de la participación del estudiante rurales tomando conciencia y reflexión en el desarrollo académico siendo el 92 % de aceptabilidad. Concluyó que el método IDDA permitió crear exigencia en el docente para lograr planificar las participaciones de los estudiantes rurales generando debate y espacio de confianza en las sesiones virtuales.
Nota editorial Vol. 10 Nro. 2 Año 2023
Authors: Comas Rodríguez Raúl
Published: December 2023

Nota editorial Vol. 10 Nro. 2 Año 2023
Research on Local debt Resolution and Financial risk Prevention and Control in Sichuan and Chongqing
Authors:   graduate student, School of Economics and Management, Chongqing normal University, Chongqing, 2021120515143@stu.cqnu.edu.cn, Zhang Ke
Published: December 2023

This paper focuses on the local debt resolution and financial risk prevention and control in Sichuan and Chongqing. Through the in-depth analysis of the debt scale, structure, causes and risks of the region, it is found that the local debt in Sichuan and Chongqing is mainly driven by infrastructure construction, public services and social investment, and its risk comes from overinvestment, fiscal imbalance and institutional reasons. In view of these problems, this paper discusses the possible debt resolution mechanism and financial risk prevention and control strategy, and puts forward more reasonable risk identification, assessment, early warning and disposal measures in order to reduce the debt risk and maintain the stability of the financial market. Continue to promote the steady development of the local economy and financial risk prevention and control to provide reference, but also for other parts of the country to provide reference and enlightenment
Letecké traťové majáky
Authors:   Technické muzeum v Brně, Přibyl Tomáš
Published: December 2023

Letecké traťové majáky jsou krátkou, leč technicky nesmírně zajímavou ka- pitolou československého letectví. Kapitolou, která prakticky skončila dříve, než začala – a zároveň kapitolou téměř nezpracovanou, na kterou by ovšem byla ško- da zapomenout. Při přípravě této publikace byl proveden terénní průzkum, zpra- covány dobové dokumenty (např. archiv Jana Krumbacha z fondu Technického muzea v Brně) a především „zlatý důl“ v podobě pramenů z Národního archivu. Díky tomu nám po téměř sto letech znovu ožívá úžasný příběh československého výrobního i leteckého průmyslu.
Enhancing Quality of Life through Sustainable Urban Transformation in Cambodia: Introduction to the Build4People Project
Authors: Michael WAIBEL , Anke BLÖBAUM , Ellen MATTHIES , Dirk SCHWEDE , Rolf MESSERSCHMIDT , Peter MUND Jan , Lutz KATZSCHNER , Ravi JAYAWEERA , Annalena BECKER , Christina KARAGIANNI , Amelie MCKENNA , Oliver LAMBRECHT , Marcelo RIVERA , Sebastian KUPSKI
Published: December 2023

This policy brief introduces preliminary research results of the Build4People project, funded by the German government as part of the multi-phase focus programme “Sustainable Development of Urban Regions”. Furthermore, the research agenda of the upcoming main four-year Research and Development phase (RD phase) will be introduced based on insights gained in previous shorter funding periods. The Build4People research consortium consists of representatives from four German universities and two German companies with their respective research, implementation and dissemination partners in the Kingdom of Cambodia. Build4People’s rationale is based on Phnom Penh‘s dynamic economic growth, which is coupled with a local urbanisation and construction boom. However, new buildings and neighbourhoods are rarely constructed in a sustainable way with direct and indirect negative environmental impacts. Issues of sustainability are hardly addressed by decision-makers in the construction sector, related ministries, city administrations or building users. The overall aim of the multi- and trans-disciplinary Build4People project during the RD phase is to support and analyse the transformative shift in Phnom Penh’s current business-as-usual urban development pathway towards a pathway with higher sustainability and liveability levels. The entry points for the research are the building and neighbourhood planning sectors. Methods, tools and key instruments to achieve the objectives of the RD phase are collaborative planning workshops, strategic niche management approaches, transition management approaches and subsequent experimental implementation. All of these measures will generate applied knowledge for local stakeholders and a basis for evidence-based decision-making. Urban quality of life as a people-driven approach serves as the integrating link for all of our scientific, conceptional, analytical and normative dimensions. During our research, we will jointly conceptualize, measure and model urban quality of life and consider its political dimension and its often-ambiguous relationship to sustainability.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP, MOTIVATION AND INCENTIVES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF PERSONNEL OF THE OPERATIONS SECTION OF POLDA KEPRI
Authors: Indra Nara Persada  , Maiza  , Septa Diana Nabella
Published: December 2023

This study supposed to analyze the influence of leadership, motivation and intensive on the performance of the Polda Kepri operations section personnel. the research method uses a causal model survey method using a census sampling technique, the entire population is sampled, totaling 72 people. research instruments used interviews and questionnaires. then the research results are obtained as follows: leadership has a significant effect on the performance of the kepri police operations bureau personnel with a t-count value for the leadership variable of 10.325 greater than the t-table of 1.662 and a significance value of 0.000 less than 0.05. motivation has a significant effect on the performance of personnel of the kepri regional police operations bureau with a t-count value for the motivation variable of 3.242 greater than the t-table 1.662 and a significance value of 0.000 less than 0.05. incentives have no significant effect on the performance of the kepri regional police operations bureau personnel with an incentive t-count value of 1.555 smaller than the t-table 1.662 and a significance value of 0.124 greater than 0.05. leadership, motivation and incentives together have a significant effect on the performance of the kepri regional police operations bureau personnel with an f-count value of 423.016 greater than the f-table of 2.48 and a significance level of 0.000 less than 0.05
Introduction
Authors: Drago Anna Tiziana
Published: December 2023

The study introduces the reader to the Aldine edition of the Greek
epistolographers published by Marcus Musurus in 1499.
Resistiendo el encierro: la hegemonía de género y el discurso médico en disputa en Mrs Dalloway
Authors: Acevedo Riquelme Felipe
Published: December 2023

Este artículo se centra en las formas en que Mrs Dalloway, de Virginia Woolf, problematiza dos dispositivos que regularizan de forma paralela el orden jerárquico de las estructuras binarias “masculino/femenino” y “salud/enfermedad”: la heternormatividad y el discurso médico. Además, se propone que el encierro es la forma en que dichos dispositivos operan y se manifiestan. El análisis se centra en dos ejes: por una parte observa cómo dichos dispositivos operan dentro del espacio privado, y por otra cómo estos son desbordados en el espacio urbano. Para poder llevar a cabo el análisis se tomaron principalmente en consideración la postura de Judith Butler expuesta en Gender Trouble y la de Georges Canguilhem en The Normal and the Pathological.
The Beauty of Co-Translation
Authors: Bañuelos Montes José , Perret Sally
Published: December 2023

Translating poetry can be an unnerving and lonely process. There are infinite ways to navigate from one language to the next, causing the sole translator much doubt, insecurity, and general indecisiveness. Working as a team, however, we—José Bañuelos Montes and Sally Perret, who always write each other’s name first—have discovered the joy of sharing responsibilities and the excitement that dialogue brings to the process of translation. [ . . . ]
Síntoma y archivo. Las enfermedades imaginarias en The Afflictions (2014) de Vikram Paralkar By Carlos Ayram
Authors: Ayram Carlos
Published: December 2023

Este ensayo propone problematizar el carácter narrativo e imaginario de la enfermedad en The Afflictions del escritor indio Vikram Paralkar. Sostengo que la novela despliega un historial de afecciones, virus, síndromes, trastornos y padecimientos físicos, emocionales, sexuales, lingüísticos y mentales en tanto posibilidad para transformar sus síntomas en una suerte de archivo imaginario. La obra produce un saber patognóstico y lúdico a través de algunos recursos y repertorios del lenguaje médico, poniendo en evidencia la dimensión metafórica de la enfermedad. Concluyo con algunas consideraciones generales para pensar la vinculación recíproca que tienen la literatura y la enfermedad en cuanto procesos de negociación de significados y sentidos sobre la experiencia del padecimiento.
The Desolate Paradise: Empire, Exile and Existentialism in Colonial Latin America: Antonio di Benedetto’s Zama and Juan José Saer’s The Witness
Authors: Jones Matt
Published: December 2023

The link between exile and existentialism is often lost in the depersonalised world of the Other, where individual expression and desire, as well as the individuals themselves, are blurred by the broad metaphors and sweeping generalisations used to describe and understand groups of people. Yet, both Antonio di Benedetto’s Zama and Juan José Saer’s The Witness offer precise and distinct visions of the powerful effect exile and oppression have on the individual and their sense of identity, belonging and hope. Recently translated into English, Zama subverts traditional imperial/colonial stereotypes to offer a more complex vision of the existential effect of colonisation on the individual. Similarly, The Witness deconstructs the age of exploration and complicates the received wisdom of this period of history and its silenced characters. Both novels use the colonial period as an allegory for Latin America’s position in a contemporary global setting, and as such speak to groups struggling for sovereignty or autonomy. In addition, either explicitly or by implication, both novels turn the Latin American gaze back toward Europe and so offer insights for those looking to understand their role as colonisers in the postcolonial Anglophone world. This essay aims to identify the existential pressure created by exile and examine how the struggle for identity manifests itself in Latin American literature. Given that Latin American writers continue to find inspiration and allegory in the colonial experience even after two centuries of independence, and given that the Anglophone world has much less experience of the postcolonial setting, it seems highly relevant that we study these insights in detail.
The Image Keeps Talking: A Visual Interrogation of the Colonial Archive of the Mapuche People
Authors: López Vergara Sebastián
Published: December 2023

This essay interrogates the colonial visual archive of the Mapuche people as a decolonial exercise. As a decolonial intervention, it moves away from phenomenological approaches to visual archives in which meaning resides only in the image. Rather it proposes to engage with colonial history and its social formations as ongoing forms of political power that give shape to the Chilean nation-state, modernity, and capitalist extraction. A decolonial engagement with visual culture is not a restoration of the “original meaning” of colonial archives, but a critical interrogation of the remainders of structural forms of subjugation and differentiation from the present. Thus, I propose to place Gustavo Milet Ramírez’s photographic portraits of Mapuche women along with the racialization of the Mapuche people and dispossession and extraction of their territories at the turn of the twentieth century. I read these images from the present with Francisco Huichaqueo Pérez’s short film Chi Rütram Amulniei ñi Rütram in order to unlock the rigidity of colonial meaning and explore questions of subaltern history-making, gender, Indigeneity, culture, and extractivism. For this final point, I will discuss the complex contestations that Indigenous media offers to critically engage with colonial visual regimes and forms of cultural agency.
Mīrā’s “Earliest” Song and Her Images in History and Hagiography
Authors: Rajpurohit Dalpat Singh
Published: December 2023

This essay revisits the scholarly consensus about the “earliest” song and early images of Mīrā—the sixteenth-century Rajput noblewoman who is a leading female voice in north Indian devotional (bhakti) movements. I show that what scholars have considered as Mīrā’s oldest extant poem—recorded in the Kartarpur manuscript of 1604, which culminated in the making of the Sikh Guru Granth Sāhib—has a different history of recension in the devotional sects of Rajasthan. In the early seventeenth-century manuscripts of the Dādūpanth, the same poem is not attributed to Mīrā but to Sukhānand, one of the twelve disciples of Rāmānand— the first Guru of the major Rām devotional sect of north India. Various possible explanations for this double attribution will be explored, and the question asked: What do the varied attributions of Mīrā’s “earliest” song tell us about the growth of a Mīrā corpus and the multiple Mīrās as represented in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century hagiographies that emerged from her own region?
Review of Qur’anic Stories: God, Revelation and the Audience
Authors: Riddell Peter G.
Published: December 2023

Qur’anic Stories: God, Revelation and the Audience. By Leyla Ozgur Alhassen. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021. Pp. viii + 175. $100 (cloth); $24.95 (paper); $24.95 (ebook).
Review of Hieratic Ritual Books of Pawerem (P. BM EA 10252 and P. BM EA 10081) from the Late 4th Century BC
Authors: Bojowald Stefan
Published: December 2023

The Hieratic Ritual Books of Pawerem (P. BM EA 10252 and P. BM EA 10081) from the Late 4th Century BC. By Ann-Katrin Gill . 2 vols. Studien zur Spätägyptischen Religion, vol. 25. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2019. Pp. xvii + 1075. €248.
Review of The Enigma of the Hyksos, vol . 5: Zwischen den Zeiten: Überlegungen zum Ende der drei Reiche im alten Ägypten
Authors: Spalinger Anthony
Published: December 2023

The Enigma of the Hyksos, vol . 5: Zwischen den Zeiten: Überlegungen zum Ende der drei Reiche im alten Ägypten. By Elisa Priglinger . Contributions to the Archaeology of Egypt, Nubia and the Levant, vol. 13. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2021. Pp. vi + 254. €98.
Review of The Routledge Handbook of Muslim Iberia
Authors: Safran Janina
Published: December 2023

The Routledge Handbook of Muslim Iberia. Edited by Maribel Fierro. New York: Routledge, 2020. Pp. xxiv + 816. $250 (cloth); $52.95 (paper).
Review of Eulogy for Burying a Crane and the Art of Chinese Calligraphy
Authors: Elford Christopher
Published: December 2023

Eulogy for Burying a Crane and the Art of Chinese Calligraphy. By Lei Xue. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press, 2019. Pp. x + 220. $65.
MULHER, CORPO, IDENTIDADE E REPRESENTAÇÕES DAS CAMPEÃS DO TIKTOK
Authors: Seligman Laura
Published: December 2023

Este artigo é fruto de pesquisa que investigou as representações femininas das mulheres mais seguidas e de maior engajamento no TikTok Brasil e internacionalmente. Para analisar 50 posts, sendo 5 de cada uma das cinco mulheres mais seguidas no Brasil e cinco de cada uma das cinco campeãs internacionais de engajamento, usamos as técnicas descritas por Nassauer e Legewie (2021). Analisamos os cenários, figurinos, dizeres, exposição de corpos e sensualização das mensagens e imagens. Como resultados, encontramos a exposição sexualizada e sensualizada de corpos femininos como estratégias de obtenção de maior audiência e, por consequência, maior capital social e monetário.
The Effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Leader-member Exchange on Employee Performance of PT Gresik Migas: Employee Commitment as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Fatmawati Aprili Kurnia , Setiani  , Maksum Ikhsan
Published: December 2023

Aims: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on PT Gresik Migas employees' performance, as well as the mediating role that LMX and OCB play in employee performance.

Study Design: This study was carried out with quantitative techniques, and an explanatory analysis was used to examine the data that was collected.

Place of Study: The target of this research is employee of PT Gresik Migas in Gresik City. The total population in this study is 42 employees.

Methodology: The personnel of PT Gresik Migas are the subject of this study. 42 employees made up the study's population. Saturated sampling is the method used to take a sample, and 42 employees make up the sample. Likert scale-based questionnaires are distributed as part of the data collecting process, and smartPLS 3.0 is used to process the collected data.

Results: The results of the validity test state that there are invalid items, namely, 2 OCB items, 2 LMX items, and 2 employee performance items. Then the reliability test results state that everything is reliable. And hypothesis testing states that OCB affects performance because P values are 0.000 < 0.05. LMX affects performance because P values are 0.004 < 0.05. Employee commitment has no effect on performance because P values 0.451 > 0.05. OCB affects employee commitment because P values 0.034 < 0.05. LMX affects employee commitment because P values 0.045 < 0.05. Employee commitment cannot mediate the effect of OCB on performance because P values 0.454 > 0.05. And employee commitment cannot mediate the effect of LMX on performance because P values 0.469 > 0.05.

Conclusion: This study discovered that LMX and OCB have a big impact on worker performance. The impact of employee dedication on performance is also negligible. Furthermore, the impact of OCB and LMX on employee performance cannot be mitigated by employee dedication.
Case of Ceftriaxone-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia in an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Unit
Authors: Maurer Jaslyn , Ruddy Samantha , Bapna Monica , Rodriguez George , Segal-Maurer Sorana
Published: December 2023

Background: Ceftriaxone is a commonly used antimicrobial agent for the treatment of various infections. It is frequently administered once daily and is an attractive option for use in both in- and out-patient settings. Ceftriaxone-induced immune hemolytic anemia, while rare, can potentially cause severe and even fatal complications if not identified and managed early.
Case Presentation: We present the case of a 59-year-old Korean female with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and no known prior allergies, who was being treated for pyelonephritis in our outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) infusion unit with ceftriaxone. A few days following antibiotic exposure she was admitted to the hospital and her laboratory values were most consistent with hemolysis. All values normalized following discontinuation of ceftriaxone and initiation of ertapenem.
Conclusion: This case describes the clinical course, alternative diagnosis as well as the severity of ceftriaxone induced immune hemolytic anemia. While a rare phenomenon, it can be potentially fatal. Furthermore, it validates the importance of prompt identification and withdrawal of the offending agent may limit the progression of this disease, especially in the outpatient setting, where patients are not as closely monitored.
Exploring the Role of the Endocannabinoid System in Chronic Kidney Disease: Implications for Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Fernandes Camila de Aguiar Lima , Paulo David Ge , Alves Lucas Ferreira
Published: December 2023

Aim: Assess alterations in circulating endocannabinoid levels and their potential correlation with the progression of chronic kidney disease. Additionally, the study aims to consider potential implications for the clinical use of these compounds.

Study Design: Descriptive, qualitative, and retrospective observational approach, utilizing a methodological framework grounded in a bibliographic examination of publications featured in indexed journals.

Methodology: An exploration was conducted on the academic search platform PubMed, using the search terms "endocannabinoid system" and "kidney disease," with a chronological filter spanning the last 10 years. This search yielded 60 articles, which then underwent a screening and sorting process using the platform's tools to categorize documents based on their thematic relevance.

Results: The exhaustive examination of cannabinoid signaling in chronic kidney disease unveils a nuanced and intricate landscape where the distinctive functions of CB1 and CB2 receptors become apparent. The manipulation of the endocannabinoid system arises as a potentially efficacious therapeutic approach for mitigating kidney disease and injury, substantiated by evidence highlighting its pivotal role in homeostasis and normal kidney function. Nevertheless, the intricate interplays with renal physiology demand a circumspect methodology in the formulation of therapeutic interventions, considering the varied effects observed in different contexts of the endocannabinoid system and renal function.

Conclusion: The exploration of the interaction between the endocannabinoid system and kidney function presents a promising avenue, offering valuable insights for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches in the treatment of kidney diseases.
Determinants of Women’s Participation in Agricultural Activities in Lafia Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Aimua Ehigocho Peace , Adofu Ilemona , Okwori Joseph
Published: December 2023

The study analysed the determinants of women’s participation in agriculture in Nasarawa State, Nigeria; with a particular emphasies on how socio-economic factors determines women's participation and agricultural productivity. To this end, a study was conducted in Lafia metropolis with a random sample of 210 women to examine the status of women’s participation in agriculture. Data analysed was collected by administering a structured questionnaire to women in the study area. Descriptive statistics and a logit regression model were employed to analyse the data. The findings from the analysis revealed that the main determinants of women's participation in agriculture are the size of the farmland and women's cooperative participation. On the other hand, Age, level of education, accessibility to credit, and household size were insignificant in determining women’s participation in agriculture in Lafia Metropolis. The study recommended that Government should as a matter of urgency formulate favourable policies that would increase women access to farmland, eliminate poor land tenure system, encourage women participation in cooperative groups and small farm forums and encourage girlchild and women education necessary to increase women knowledge and empowernment which would inturn increase agricultural participation and productivity.
Objective response to ethanol in essential tremor: results from a standardized ethanol challenge study
Authors: McGurrin Patrick , Norato Gina , Thompson‐Westra Johanna , McCrossin Gayle , Lines Emily , Lungu Codrin , Pandey Sanjay , Tinaz Sule , Voller Bernhard , Ramchandani Vijay , Hallett Mark , Haubenberger Dietrich
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives

Ethanol has been reported to improve tremor severity in approximately two thirds of patients with essential tremor (ET), but the accuracy of that proportion is not certain and the mechanism of action is unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate alcohol response on tremor by applying an a priori objective response definition and subsequently to describe the responder rate to a standardized ethanol dose in a cohort of 85 ET patients. A secondary analysis evaluated other tremor and nontremor features, including demographics, tremor intensity, breath alcohol concentration, nontremor effects of alcohol, self‐reported responder status to ethanol, and prior ethanol exposure.

Methods

This was a prospective, open‐label, single‐dose challenge of oral ethanol during which motor and nonmotor measurements were obtained starting immediately prior to ethanol administration and subsequently every 20 min for 120 min. We defined tremor reduction as a 35% decline in power in the patient's tremor frequency recorded during spiral drawing 60 min after ethanol administration.

Results

In total, 80% of patients were considered alcohol responsive using our objective definition. Responder status and change in the objective tremor metrics were significantly correlated with the change in breath alcohol concentration levels after ethanol administration, but no other relationships to nontremor metrics were found.

Discussion

A high percentage of patients actually respond to acute ethanol. However, their self‐reported response does not correlate well with their objective response. Objective response correlates with breath alcohol level but not with sedation, indicating a specific effect of ethanol on tremor.
Conquering Metal–Organic Frameworks by Raman Scattering Techniques
Authors: Tittel Jonas , Knechtel Fabian , Ploetz Evelyn
Published: December 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a versatile class of materials. Understanding the structural and chemical properties of MOFs is essential for tailoring their performance to suit specific applications. In recent years, Raman spectroscopy, a non‐destructive vibrational spectroscopic technique, has evolved into a powerful tool for characterizing MOFs. Beyond spontaneous Raman scattering, numerous advanced Raman techniques have been developed to amplify the inherently weak Raman signal. These innovations have significantly enhanced the spatial resolution, frame rate, and sensitivity of Raman imaging, thereby opening up new possibilities for applications, such as label‐free sensing. This tutorial work is designed to demystify the fundamental theory and instrumentation of Raman spectroscopy, elucidating the differences between commonly used Raman techniques. Particular emphasis is placed on their advantages and limitations when applied to MOF materials. Furthermore, this work showcases how Raman techniques are employed in studying MOF systems to address societal needs and explore future directions. Ultimately, this review emphasizes the crucial role of Raman spectroscopy and the development of novel Raman‐based in situ techniques to conquer the field of MOFs.
Cornea‐Inspired Ultrasound‐Responsive Adhesive Hydrogel Patches for Keratitis Treatment
Authors: Kong Bin , Liu Rui , Hu Xiaojun , Li Meiyan , Zhou Xingtao , Zhao Yuanjin , Kong Tiantian
Published: December 2023

Biomedical patches offer significant potential for keratitis treatment. Building on advances in multifunctionality and biomimicry, an innovative, multifunctional hydrogel patch with high therapeutic efficacy, inspired by the native architecture and functions of the cornea, is introduced. By engineering a composite patch comprising recombinant human collagen (RHC) hydrogel, near‐field electrospinning (NFES) microfibers, and gold‐nanoparticle‐decorated tetragonal barium titanates (BTO@Au), structural mimicry, mechanical reinforcement, tissue‐specific adhesion, and bacterial inhibition are achieved. The RHC hydrogel recreates a three‐dimensional (3D) microenvironment that emulates the natural structure of the corneal tissue, demonstrating excellent tissue adhesion. Integrated within this hydrogel, the NFES microfibers, designed to emulate the orthogonal arrangement of native corneal stroma, not only reinforce the mechanical strength of the RHC hydrogel but also act as scaffolds to guide the aligned growth of human keratocytes. A unique aspect of this advanced patch is the incorporation of BTO@Au nanoparticles, which generate reactive oxygen species for effective bacterial eradication when subjected to ultrasound stimulation. Through in vivo studies on rat models with infected corneal wounds, this hydrogel patch exhibits superior therapeutic efficacy compared to the current treatment. It is posited that these cornea‐inspired ultrasound‐responsive adhesive hydrogel patches represent a significant scientific advancement with high potential for clinical applications.
Complimentary Computational Cues for Water Electrocatalysis: A DFT and ML Perspective
Authors: Badreldin Ahmed , Bouhali Othmane , Abdel‐Wahab Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Heterogenous electrocatalysis continues to witness propagating interest in a plethora of non‐limiting electrochemical fields. Of which, water electrolysis has moved from lab‐scale systems to commercial electrolyzers albeit high dependence on historic benchmark noble‐metal based catalysts is still the status quo. Notwithstanding, advances in material groups such as single‐atom catalysts, perovskites, high‐entropy alloys, among others continue to see an increased interest toward utilization in next‐generation electrolyzers. To that end, progress in electrocatalyst discovery techniques is revolutionized through synergistically combining density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML) techniques. The success of ML herein depends on numerous interlinked factors such as the algorithm employed, data availability and accuracy, with descriptors being critical to encapsulate physicochemical perspectives. Historic utilization of ML frameworks in areas other than materials discovery has left a lack of standardization toward appropriating suitable methods of high‐throughput DFT, ML approaches, and feature engineering that bridge the gap between activity‐structure‐electronic relationships. This review outlines needed considerations toward DFT calculations, important criteria during filtering out screened surfaces, and synergistic approaches toward utilizing theoretical and/or experimental datasets for formulating effective ML frameworks. Persisting challenges, perspectives, and recommendations thereof are highlighted to expedite and generalize future work pertaining to high‐volume water electrocatalysis discovery.
Multi‐Length Engineering of (K, Na)NbO3 Films for Lead‐Free Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensors with High Sensitivity
Authors: Liu Yi‐Xuan , Zhou Jinling , Jiang Yuqi , Li Chen‐Bo‐Wen , Li Chao , Lu Jing‐Tong , Xu Ze , Yao Fang‐Zhou , Nan Hu , Wang Dawei , Xu Liqiang , Wang Yicheng , Du Yijia , Nie Jingkai , Zhu Zhixiang , Gong Wen , Han Bing , Wang Ke
Published: December 2023

With increasing concerns about noise pollution, the pursuit of highly dependable piezoelectric acoustic sensors for real‐time noise monitoring has come to the forefront of scientific research. Lead‐based perovskite piezoelectric films, exemplified by lead zirconate titanate Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), surpass traditional piezoelectric materials such as ZnO and AlN in their piezoelectric properties, promising substantial advancements in next‐generation acoustic sensor technologies. However, the toxic nature of lead in PZT materials poses formidable environmental and human health risks. In an unprecedented breakthrough, it presents the pioneering development of an environmentally benign lead‐free piezoelectric Micro‐Electro‐Mechanical System (MEMS) acoustic sensor based on potassium sodium niobate (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN) film. High‐quality <001> textured 3 µm‐thick KNN film is successfully integrated into commercially used Si substrate, rendering exceptional piezoelectricity (transverse piezoelectric coefficients e31* of ≈8.5 C m−2) with satisfactory thermal stability. The atomic‐scale Z‐contrast imaging and piezoresponse force microscopy characterizations reveal that the outstanding piezoresponse originates from the local coexistence of multiple phases and the enhancement of extrinsic piezoelectric contributions from in‐plane polarization anisotropy. Finite element simulation is employed to design the triangular cantilever structure and annular diaphragm structure, each corresponding to different operating bandwidths. The resultant MEMS acoustic sensors stand out with outstanding acoustic performance (the high sensitivity and expansive receiving field of view), which are attributed to the microstructural engineering at multi‐length scales for the excellent piezoelectric properties of KNN film. These features enable sensitive acoustic monitoring in various environments, including large‐scale power grids and urban traffic.
Accelerated Confined Mass Transfer of MoS2 1D Nanotube in Photo‐Assisted Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: Liang Shuang , Zheng Li‐Jun , Song Li‐Na , Wang Xiao‐Xue , Tu Wen‐Bin , Xu Ji‐Jing
Published: December 2023

Applying solar energy into energy storage battery systems is challenging in achieving green and sustainable development, however, the efficient progress of photo‐assisted metal–air batteries is restricted by the rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes upon the photocathode. Herein, a 1D‐ordered MoS2 nanotube (MoS2‐ONT) with confined mass transfer can be used to extend the lifetime of photogenerated carriers, which is capable of overcoming the challenge of rapid recombination of electron and holes. The tubular confined space cannot only promote the orderly separation and migration of charge carriers but also realize the accumulation of charge and the rapid activation of oxygen molecules. The concave surface of MoS2‐ONT can improve the carrier separation ability and prolong the carrier lifetime. Meanwhile, the ordered tubular confined space can effectively realize the rapid transfer of charge, ion, and oxygen. Under light irradiation, a fast oxygen reduction reaction kinetics of 70 mW cm−2 for photo‐assisted Zn–air battery is achieved, which is the highest value reported for photo‐assisted Zn–air batteries. Significantly, the photo‐assisted Li–O2 battery based on MoS2‐ONT also shows superior rate capability and other exciting battery performance. This work shows the universality of the confined carrier separation strategy in photo‐assisted metal–air batteries.
Time‐Sequential and Multi‐Functional 3D Printed MgO2/PLGA Scaffold Developed as a Novel Biodegradable and Bioactive Bone Substitute for Challenging Postsurgical Osteosarcoma Treatment
Authors: Li Cairong , Zhang Wei , Nie Yangyi , Du Xiangfu , Huang Cuishan , Li Long , Long Jing , Wang Xinluan , Tong Wenxue , Qin Ling , Lai Yuxiao
Published: December 2023

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most commonly occurring primary bone malignant tumor. The clinical postsurgical OS treatment faces big challenges for the staged therapeutic requirements of early anti‐tumor, anti‐bacterial, and long‐lasting osteogenesis. Herein, multi‐functional bioactive scaffolds with time‐sequential functions of preventing tumor recurrence, inhibiting bacterial infection, and promoting bone defect repair are designed as a novel strategy. Nanocomposite scaffold magnesium peroxide (MgO2)/poly (lactide‐co‐glycolide) is prepared by low‐temperature 3D printing for controllable releasing magnesium ions (Mg2+) and reactive oxygen species in a time‐sequential manner. The scaffold with 20 wt% MgO2 (20MP) is verified with desired mechanical properties, as well as exhibits staged release behavior of bioactive elements with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release for the first 3 weeks, and long‐lasting Mg2+ release for 12 weeks. The released H2O2 initiates chemodynamic therapy to induce apoptosis and ferroptosis in tumor cells, along with activating the anticancer immune microenvironment by M1 polarization of macrophages. The released Mg2+ subsequently enhances bone repair by activating the Wnt3a/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and create osteopromotive immune microenvironment by M2 polarization of macrophages. In conclusion, the multi‐functional 20MP scaffold demonstrates time‐sequential therapeutic properties as an innovative strategy for OS‐associated bone defect treatment.
Tailoring Graphite into Subnanometer Graphene
Authors: Chen Zhexue , Zhang Yutong , Zhao Ce , Xia Yuexing , Li Zhangqiang , Zhou Xuanping , Xiao Liuyang , Liu Xinfeng , Zhang Yong
Published: December 2023

Within the intersection of materials science and nanoscience/technology, extremely downsized (including quantum‐sized and subnanometer‐sized) materials attract increasing interest. However, the effective and controllable production of extremely downsized materials through physical strategies remains a great challenge. Herein, an all‐physical top–down method for the production of sub‐1 nm graphene with completely broken lattice is reported. The graphene subnanometer materials (GSNs) with monolayer structures and lateral sizes of ≈0.5 nm are obtained. Compared with their bulk, nanosheets, and quantum sheets, the intrinsic GSNs present extremely enhanced photoluminescence and nonlinear saturation absorption performances, as well as unique carrier behavior. The non‐equilibrium states induced by the entirely exposed and broken, intrinsic lattices in sub‐1 nm graphene can be determinative to their extreme performances. This work shows the great potential of broken lattice and provides new insights toward subnanometer materials.
A High‐Entropy Layered Perovskite Coated with In Situ Exsolved Core‐Shell CuFe@FeOx Nanoparticles for Efficient CO2 Electrolysis
Authors: Wang Ziming , Tan Ting , Du Ke , Zhang Qimeng , Liu Meilin , Yang Chenghao
Published: December 2023

Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are promising energy conversion devices capable of efficiently transforming CO2 into CO, reducing CO2 emissions, and alleviating the greenhouse effect. However, the development of a suitable cathode material remains a critical challenge. Here a new SOEC cathode is reported for CO2 electrolysis consisting of high‐entropy Pr0.8Sr1.2(CuFe)0.4Mo0.2Mn0.2Nb0.2O4‐δ (HE‐PSCFMMN) layered perovskite uniformly coated with in situ exsolved core‐shell structured CuFe alloy@FeOx (CFA@FeO) nanoparticles. Single cells with the HE‐PSCFMMN‐CFA@FeO cathode exhibit a consistently high current density of 1.95 A cm−2 for CO2 reduction at 1.5 V while maintaining excellent stability for up to 200 h under 0.75 A cm−2 at 800 °C in pure CO2. In situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that the exsolution of CFA@FeO nanoparticles introduces additional oxygen vacancies within HE‐PSCFMMN substrate, acting as active reaction sites. More importantly, the abundant oxygen vacancies in FeOx shell, in contrast to conventional in situ exsolved nanoparticles, enable the extension of the triple‐phase boundary (TPB), thereby enhancing the kinetics of CO2 adsorption, dissociation, and reduction.
Unraveling the Performance of All‐Inorganic Lead‐Free CsSnI3‐Based Perovskite Photovoltaic with Graphene Oxide Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Widianto Eri , Driyo Cipto , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Shobih Shobih , Nursam Natalita Maulani , Hanna Muhammad Yusrul , Absor Moh. Adhib Ulil , Triyana Kuwat , Santoso Iman
Published: December 2023

Addressing the imperative need to eliminate hazardous lead from the widely used metal halide perovskite photovoltaics (PPVs), the search for efficient and stable lead‐free perovskite alternatives remains pivotal. Herein, a performance analysis of lead‐free, all‐inorganic cesium tin triiodide (CsSnI3)‐based PPVs with a graphene oxide hole transporting layer using solar cell capacitance simulator is presented. Various parameters to optimize the PPV performance, including CsSnI3layer thickness, defect density, interface defect, parasitic resistances, and working temperature are explored. The optimization process yielded remarkable results, with  open‐circuit voltage of 0.87 V, short‐circuit current density of 32.55 mA cm−2, fill factor of 77.59%, and power conversion efficiency of 22.15%. The proposed device structure and parameters not only contribute to the advancement of these experimental works but also offer a novel strategy for the structural optimization of lead‐free PPVs, thereby paving new avenues for future research in this area.
Stanniocalcin‐1 Promotes PARP1‐Dependent Cell Death via JNK Activation in Colitis
Authors: Zhu Liguo , Xie Zhuo , Yang Guang , Zhou Gaoshi , Li Li , Zhang Shenghong
Published: December 2023

Stanniocalcin‐1 (STC1) is upregulated by inflammation and modulates oxidative stress‐induced cell death. Herein, the function of STC1 in colitis and stress‐induced parthanatos, a newly identified type of programmed necrotic cell death dependent on the activation of poly‐ADP ribose polymerase‐1 (PARP1) is investigated. Results show that STC1 expression is markedly increased in the inflamed colonic mucosa of Crohn's disease (CD) patients and chemically‐induced mice colitis models. Evaluation of parthanatos severity and pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression shows that intestinal‐specific Stc1 knockout (Stc1INT‐KO) mice are resistant to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis and exhibit lower disease severity. STC1‐overexpressing cells show an increased degree of parthanatos and proinflammatory cytokine expression, whereas STC1‐knockout cells show a decreased degree of parthanatos. Co‐immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and proteomic analyses indicate that STC1 interacts with PARP1, which activates the JNK pathway via PARP1–JNK interactions. Moreover, inhibition of PARP1 and JNK alleviates parthanatos and inflammatory injuries triggered by STC1 overexpression. Finally, following restoration of Stc1 and Parp1 expression by adeno‐associated viruses, and overexpression of Stc1 and Parp1 aggravated DSS‐induced colitis in Stc1INT‐KO mice. In conclusion, STC1 mediates oxidative stress‐associated parthanatos and aggravates inflammation via the STC1–PARP1–JNK interactions and subsequent JNK pathway activation in CD pathogenesis.
Dirhodium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Difluoromethylated Cyclopropanes via Enyne Cycloisomerization
Authors: Wang Chuntao , Zhu Dong , Wu Rui , Zhu Shifa
Published: December 2023

(Difluoromethylated cyclopropane represents an important motif, which is widely found in bioactive and functional molecules. Despite significant progress in modern chemistry, the atom‐economic and enantioselective synthesis of difluoromethylated cyclopropanes is still challenging. Herein, an Rh2(II)‐catalyzed asymmetric enyne cycloisomerization is described to construct chiral difluoromethylated cyclopropane derivatives with up to 99% yield and 99% ee in low catalyst loading (0.2 mol%), which can be easily transformed into highly functionalized difluoromethylated cyclopropanes with vicinal all‐carbon quaternary stereocenters by ozonolysis. Mechanistic studies and the crystal structures of alkyne‐dirhodium complexes reveal that the cooperative weak hydrogen bondings between the substrates and the dirhodium catalyst may play key roles in this reaction.)
The IL‐31/CysLT2R axis is associated with itching in patients with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Du Kun , Zhang Min , Yao Shuang , Luo Tao , Yu Hongmeng , Lou Hongfei
Published: December 2023

Background

Itching is a troublesome symptom that disturbs patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). The molecular mechanisms underlying itching in AR need to be further illuminated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of epithelial cell‐derived interleukin‐31 (IL‐31) in nasal itching in AR.

Methods

A total of 33 patients and 20 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this prospective study. The disease severity of patients with AR was assessed by the total visual analog scale score. The levels of IL‐31, cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R), and CysLT2R in the nasal brush specimens from the enrolled subjects were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of CysLT2R in a human nasal epithelial cell line (HNEpC) was assessed by immunofluorescence staining.

Results

Compared with the control subjects, the protein and mRNA levels of IL‐31 and CysLT2R were significantly increased in patients with AR. Higher levels of IL‐31 and CysLT2R in nasal epithelial cells were associated with itching but not nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, or sneezing in AR. A significant relationship was found between IL‐31 and CysLT2R in nasal epithelial cells, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93. Furthermore, RT–PCR and immunofluorescence staining revealed that IL‐31 directly induced CysLT2R expression in HNEpCs. Nasal steroid treatment inhibited IL‐31 and CysLT2R expression in 13 patients with AR in vivo.

Conclusions

Nasal epithelial cell‐derived IL‐31 might be associated with itching symptoms via CysLT2R in AR.