bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O uso de biomarcadores na predição de gravidade e mortalidade em pacientes com sepse em unidades de terapia intensiva
Authors: Francis Kleber Pereira Lacerda de Souza  , Samara Lira de Sousa Oliveira  , Marinaldo Formiga Alves Júnior  , Claudenor Pinho de Sá Filho  , Djalma Laurindo da Silva Junior  , Jordana de Oliveira Pontes  , Ludimilla da Costa Santos  , Letícia Bizerra Moura da Cruz  , Tamires Ayala Alves Ferreira  , Thalita Pereira Vale Leite
Published: April 2024

A sepse é uma condição clínica crítica caracterizada por uma resposta desregulada do organismo a uma infecção, levando a disfunção de órgãos e tecidos. A rápida identificação de pacientes com pior prognóstico é fundamental para direcionar tratamentos precoces e eficazes, no entanto, os métodos clínicos e de laboratório tradicionais podem apresentar limitações nesse contexto. Com isso, surgem os biomarcadores, que são substâncias mensuráveis presentes no corpo que, no contexto da sepse, podem ser utilizados para diagnóstico precoce, estratificação de risco e acompanhamento da resposta ao tratamento. Portanto, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a aplicabilidade e a relevância dos biomarcadores na predição da gravidade e mortalidade em pacientes com sepse em UTIs. Este trabalho se trata de uma revisão integrativa de literatura feita em torno da seguinte questão norteadora: “Qual a aplicabilidade e relevância dos biomarcadores na predição da gravidade e mortalidade em pacientes com sepse em unidades de terapia intensiva?”.  A busca na literatura foi conduzida nas bases de dados da BVS, PubMed e SciELO, utilizando-se dos seguintes descritores: “Biomarcadores”, “Sepse” e “Unidades de Terapia Intensiva”, em conjunto com o operador booleano “AND”, sendo observados os artigos publicados nos últimos 5 anos. Ao fim da pesquisa, 16 artigos foram selecionados para comporem a amostra deste trabalho. No geral, os estudos sugerem que os biomarcadores, incluindo interleucinas, peptídeos natriuréticos, proteínas, células sanguíneas e moléculas associadas a processos inflamatórios, têm o potencial de melhorar significativamente a maneira como são identificados, avaliados e tratados pacientes com sepse em unidades de terapia intensiva. No entanto, embora a combinação de diferentes biomarcadores ou o monitoramento dinâmico deles possa ter demonstrado bons resultados na predição de gravidade e mortalidade em pacientes com sepse, os estudos ainda são esparsos, não havendo pesquisas aprofundadas em um único marcador ou grupo de marcadores para avaliar sua real eficácia, o que levanta ainda muitas incertezas quanto a sua real utilidade na prática clinica. Mais estudos são necessários para avaliar a utilidade de biomarcadores na avaliação prognóstica desses pacientes no contexto da praática clínica, levando em conta não apenas sua eficácia na predição de gravidade e mortalidade, mas também sua acessibilidade e custo-benefício.
Transmissão Vertical de Anticorpos Maternos e Sars-Cov-2: Uma análise acerca das Vacinas Coronavac e Pfizer
Authors: Oliveira Iago Santana Gouveia De , Diniz Laíza Andrade Soares , Caracas Maria Letícia Quinino , Andrade Vinícius Azevedo Araújo de , Santos Danilo Silva dos , Medeiros Beatriz Monteiro de , Belchior Aucelia Cristina Soares de , Alves Hirisleide Bezerra
Published: April 2024

Em 2019 foi detectada uma doença respiratória denomidada Covid-19, a qual se desenvolve a partir do vírus SARS-Cov-2. Devido a transmissão dessa enfermidade ocorrer através de gotículas no ar, rapidamente pessoas foram contaminadas, desencadeando uma pandemia. A partir disso, muitas mortes ocorreram, haja vista que a população não possuía memória imunológica para auxiliar no combate da doença. Dessa forma, entidades da área da saúde e indústrias farmacêuticas trabalharam com o objetivo de desenvolver vacinas a fim de diminuir o número de mortes e casos graves de Covid-19. Dentre as análises acerca da eficácia e segurança na imunização de mulheres grávidas, foram observadas transmissões verticais dos anticorpos, adquiridos através da vacinação, da mãe para o filho. Realizar uma análise acerca da transmissão vertical de anticorpos maternos para Sars-Cov-2, mediante a aplicação das vacinas CoronaVac e Pfizer. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no periodo de tempo entre 2022 a 2024, a partir de consulta nos bancos de dados do PUBMED e SCIELO. Foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos 3 anos, utilizando os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS): Transmissão da Mãe para Feto, Vacina BNT162, Anticorpos, Sars-Cov-2. No estudo utilizando a Vacina BNT162b2 (Vacina BioNTech, Pfizer), dos 31 bebês participantes, 29 (93,5%) tiveram um resultado positivo de anticorpos. A pesquisa realizada no bebê de gestante que recebeu coronavac evidenciou, mediante teste sorológico, realizado por imunoensaio enzimático, resultado de 22%, considerado positivo. Além disso, análises do leite materno demonstram que os anticorpos de mães, imunizadas por vacinação, são transmitidos durante a amamentação para os bebês. Portanto, é bastante sugestivo que após 2 doses, através da BNT162b (fabricada pela Pfizer) e da Coronavac fabricada pela (Sinovac Biotech), em mulheres grávidas durante a gestação, resultam na transmissão vertical de anticorpos séricos de mãe para filho.
Julgar e Rotular Alguém é Projetar Aspectos Inconscientes de Nós Mesmos no Outro
Authors: Agrela Rodrigues Fabiano de Abreu
Published: April 2024

Este artigo examina a projeção social na interação humana e cognição, enfocando como os indivíduos projetam aspectos de si mesmos em outros. Estudos indicam que a projeção social é um processo automático significativo na percepção intergrupal e está enraizada em estruturas neurais específicas, como a projeção da área tegmental ventral para o núcleo accumbens. A pesquisa realça o papel da interação social como central e constitutiva na cognição social, sugerindo que ela pode complementar ou substituir mecanismos cognitivos individuais. A análise aborda a complexidade da cognição social e seu impacto no comportamento humano, salientando a importância das estruturas cerebrais e dos contextos sociais nesse processo.
La Ética Profesional en las Motivaciones Humanas y los Procesos Organizacionales
Authors: Lozano Fariño Carlos Antonio
Published: April 2024

El ejercicio de la ética y la motivación como elementos estratégicos en las organizaciones, requiere que sus entornos reconozcan el talento que las dinamiza. En el presente artículo se plantea conceptualmente tópicos productos de una investigación sobre el ejercicio de la ética profesional, como también se suman conceptos de referentes importantes sobre liderazgo motivacional en las empresas modernas y la dinámica de sus procesos con miras a sumar a la tan anhelada productividad. El objetivo fundamental es identificar la motivación de las personas en una organización de acuerdo con su práctica profesional ética que contribuye a la productividad empresarial y desarrollo integral, tanto de la empresa como en todos sus colaboradores.  En las fuentes utilizadas se destaca el valor otorgado a las personas como lideres innatos de sus propios procesos personales, sociales y empresariales. La problemática se aborda desde un estudio descriptivo documental en el cual las personas vinculadas a las organizaciones y que cuentan con un poder significativo dentro de esas empresas, se convierten en líderes y motiven a sus colaboradores lo suficiente para lograr los objetivos del negocio y su propio desarrollo personal.
Current status and potentials of enhanced geothermal system in the Eastern Pontide Orogenic Belt, Turkey
Authors: Şener Mehmet Furkan
Published: April 2024

The radioactive decay of isotopes is one of the most important sources of heat in the Earth's interior. The main radiogenic elements in the crust are U, Th, and K in granitoids. Radiogenic granites are becoming increasingly important as they support the development of the renewable energy sector. This study provides an in-depth review of the development of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) technology. Many countries, such as France and the UK, have initiated and contributed to energy production using EGS technology. In addition, this study calculates the potential production capacity of radiogenic granites in the Eastern Pontide Oraganic Belt (EPOB) and assesses their significant contribution to the Turkish economy in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The total area of radiogenic granites within the EBOP is 7116.35 km2 and these granites contain average concentrations of U 3.25 ppm, Th 16.44 ppm, and K 3.7%. The plutons studied can generally be classified as medium to low heat producing granitoids. Ayeser, Camiboğazı, and Ayder (3.36-6.98 µW/m3), which are close to the average heat production value of the continental crust (5 μW/m3), may be suitable areas for EGS. Currently, EBOP granites have the capacity to produce 61 x 109 kWh of electricity. In addition to electricity, heat from granites can be used for other applications such as space heating and greenhouse cultivation.
Application and Effectiveness of Dietary Therapies for Pediatric Migraine
Authors: Na Ji-Hoon
Published: April 2024

Migraine is a representative type of primary headache and a common chronic neurological disease that accounts for a large proportion of headaches in children, adolescents, and adults. Unlike migraine in adulthood, pediatric migraine occurs when brain development is not yet complete. This characteristic may require a new perspective for the treatment and management of pediatric migraine. Dietary therapies, mainly the ketogenic diet and its variants, can have positive effects on pediatric migraine. Several recent studies have revealed that dietary therapies, such as the classic ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and low glycemic index diet, improve various neurological diseases by improving dysbiosis of microbiota, reducing proinflammatory cytokines, and increasing mitochondrial function. Nonetheless, the mechanism through which active dietary therapy affects pediatric migraine requires further research. To achieve this, an important role is played by the neuro-nutritional team, which can develop and manage tolerable diets for pediatric migraine patients through mutual collaboration among pediatric neurologists, nurses, and nutritionists.
Pharmacological Treatment of Acute Spinal Cord Injuries In The Light Of Recent Developments
Authors: Çakır Mürteza
Published: April 2024

Spinal injuries represent a significant public health issue with both individual and societal implications due to its potential to result in long-term or permanent disability and death. Today, notwithstanding the comprehensive elucidation of the mechanism of injury in its all aspects and breakthroughs in early diagnosis techniques and treatment, spinal injuries still retain their devastating nature. Although many agents hypothesized to possess neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties have been demonstrated to be effective in the experiments, research involving human subjects is still in progress, offering promising developments. Methylprednisolone at a high dose is the most extensively investigated therapeutic for acute spinal injuries. Despite significant controversy, it remains a viable treatment option. It is anticipated that combining stem cell transplantation with multiple pharmacological agents will yield more favorable outcomes.
Power supply of superconducting systems by dynamic rotation of a three-phase field
Authors:   National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Krasnoperov E. P.
Published: April 2024

In this work a device for powering superconducting systems by pumping magnetic flux is presented. The pumping is carried out by dynamic rotation of the 3-phase magnetic field in the motor stator, which has three pairs of coils.
Spontaneous rotation of magnets levitating above high-Tc superconductor
Authors:   Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Gokhfeld D. M. , Shalomov S. Yu. ,   Phys.-Math. School, Siberian Federal University, Sultimov D. B. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Petrov M. I. ,   Kirensky Institute of Physics, Krasnoyarsk Scientific Center, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2024

Levitation of a cylindrical permanent magnet over a high-temperature superconductor cooled by liquid nitrogen can be accompanied by spontaneous oscillations and rotation. The reason for spontaneous rotation of the magnet is magnetization inhomogeneity induced by the temperature gradient. An experiment was carried out on the levitation of Nd–Fe–B magnets over a composite high-temperature superconductor. The experimental results confirm that the rotation frequency depends on the difference in the magnetization values in its upper and lower halves of the magnet. Methods for controlling the rotation frequency of a levitating magnet are proposed.
Optimization of HTS DC and AC cables with take account longitudinal magnetic field effect
Authors:   All-Russian scientific research and development cable institute («VNIIKP»), Zubko V.V. , Zanegin S.Yu. ,   All-Russian scientific research and development cable institute («VNIIKP»),   Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI), Fetisov S.S. ,   All-Russian scientific research and development cable institute («VNIIKP»), Vysotsky V.S. ,   All-Russian scientific research and development cable institute («VNIIKP»), Nosov A.A. ,   All-Russian scientific research and development cable institute («VNIIKP»),   Moscow Aviation Institute (MAI), Otabe E.S. ,   Kyushu Institute of Technology, T. Akasaka T. ,   Kyushu Institute of Technology
Published: April 2024

It is known that in magnetic fields parallel to the transport current, an increase of the critical current is observed in most low-temperature and high-temperature superconductors — the effect of a longitudinal magnetic field (LMFE). LMFE has been theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed in many studies. This article presents various methods for optimizing power coaxial cables based on high-temperature superconductors (HTS), considering LMFE. LMFE provides a higher current-carrying capacity of HTS DC cables and higher stability for HTS power AC cables, including lower AC losses. The results of optimization of HTS cables for both DC and AC applications with consideration of LMFE are presented and discussed. Two methods for calculating the magnetic field in coaxial HTS cables are presented: analytical and using the finite element method. The results of AC loss calculations and measurements for HTS cables are also presented.
Cooling of HTS magnets with solid nitrogen
Authors:   National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Shutova D.I.
Published: April 2024

The review summarizes some domestic and international publications for 2018 – 2023 devoted to the cooling of superconducting devices by means of solid nitrogen. The scope of possible application of this traditional coolant in an unusual phase condition is very extensive. Today, scientists from different countries use solid nitrogen to cool prototypes of high-temperature superconducting magnets intended for electric aircraft motors, magnetic separators, inductive energy storage devices, high-speed Maglev trains, NMR spectrometers, etc. The review briefly describes methods for creating an operating temperature of 10 – 60 K, the main characteristics of HTS devices in solid nitrogen, as well as pros & cons and prospects of this relatively new solution in cryogenics.
El neoescolasticismo ibérico y la polémica de Domingo de Soto contra las restricciones al derecho de migración en el siglo XVI
Authors: Souza Simões Sandro Alex
Published: April 2024

Resumen
En el debate sobre la reforma asistencial que surgió del humanismo europeo en el siglo XVI, en medio de los retos de afrontar la pobreza creciente en varios países, entre ellos España, el desplazamiento de parte de la población, a saber, los mendigos y los desempleados, se convierte en un problema relevante para desafiar la creciente actividad legislativa. En polémica con nuevos reglamentos nacientes, el neoescolasticismo ibérico pretende reconocer las migraciones como un elemento universal para el hombre y su historia, y establecer el derecho a migrar y moverse como un derecho perteneciente al ius gentium y no al derecho civil más local y regionalizado. La Escuela ibérica entiende el ius peregrinandi et degendi como parte de la comunicación natural del mundo y de los bienes. Las implicaciones están en los debates sobre colonización y conquistas en el Nuevo Mundo, pero son igualmente relevantes y estructuran los argumentos utilizados en las discusiones sobre la mendicidad y migraciones en el siglo XVI en toda Europa. Por tanto, el presente artículo pretende basarse en los argumentos de Domingo de Soto en el libro Deliberación en la causa de los pobres por considerarse representativo de la capacidad emblemática de estos pensadores para participar en la formulación y adaptación de conceptos y soluciones a problemas de su tiempo que amenazaban la paz social.
 
Abstract
In the debate on healthcare reform that emerged from European humanism in the 16th century, amid the challenges of facing increasing poverty in several countries, including Spain, the displacement of part of the population, namely, beggars and unemployed, it became a relevant problem to challenge the increasing legislative activity. In controversy with new emerging regulations, Iberian Neo-Scholasticism seeks to recognize migration as a universal element for man and his history and establish the right to migrate and move as a right belonging to the ius gentium and not to the more local and regionalized civil law. The Iberian School understands the ius peregrinandi et degendi as part of the natural communication of the world and of goods. The implications are in the debates about colonization and conquest in the new world, but they are equally relevant and structure the arguments used in the discussions about begging and migration in the 16th century throughout Europe. Therefore, this article aims to be based on the arguments of Domingo de Soto in the book Deliberation in the cause of the Poor as it is considered representative of the emblematic capacity of these thinkers to participate in the formulation and adaptation of concepts and solutions to problems of their time that threatened social peace.
¿Indígenas, pecadores filosóficos? La presencia del pecado filosófico de los indígenas en Alonso de La Peña Montenegro (1596-1687) y su impacto en Antônio Vieira (1668-1697)
Authors: Machado Mota Bento
Published: April 2024

Resumen
Este artículo estudia la supuesta presencia del pecado filosófico en los indígenas americanos a partir de dos autores: el obispo de Quito Alonso de La Peña y el misionero jesuita y luso-brasileño Antônio Vieira. La categoría de peccato philosophico fue creada a finales del siglo XVII para clasificar jurídica y teológicamente a quienes, siendo ignorantes de Dios, no podían ofenderlo de ninguna manera. Este concepto fue utilizado para muchos amerindios aislados que, viviendo en las selvas o en territorios lejanos, no podían conocer a Dios y, en esta condición, estarían libres de cualquier pecado. Aunque haya sido desarrollado a partir de jesuitas en Europa, pretendemos trabajar con el uso de este concepto en los autores antes mencionados, cuya obra siempre involucró el trabajo directo con los indígenas. Nuestro objetivo, con ello, será discutir la genealogía de este concepto en suelo sudamericano, destacando la importancia del probabilismo, de un lado, y del concepto de indio miserable, del otro.
 
 Abstract
This article studies the supposed presence of philosophical sin in the American Indians based on two authors: the bishop of Quito, Alonso de La Peña, and the Jesuit and Portuguese-Brazilian missionary Antônio Vieira. The category of peccato philosophico was created at the end of the 17th century to classify juridically and theologically those who, being ignorant of God, could not offend Him in any way. This concept was used for many isolated Amerindians who, living in the jungles or in distant territories, could not know God and, in this condition, would be free from any sin. Although it has been developed from Jesuits in Europe, we intend to work with the use of this concept in the authors mentioned above, whose work always involved direct work with indigenous people. Our aim in doing so will be to discuss the genealogy of this concept on South American soil, highlighting the importance of probabilism on the one hand, and the concept of the miserable Indian on the other.
Professional Unions: Public Position and Accounting Activities
Authors: Kondratiuk Olha , Dutchak Ruslan
Published: April 2024

Professional associations in the form of trade unions have existed for several centuries and are of interest to both academic and business circles. The initial reasons for the emergence of trade unions are related to the historical development of society and changes in production methods. Trade unions emerged as a form of self-organization and self-defense of employees who found themselves in conditions of disadvantage and social injustice. The main issues addressed by trade unions were wages, working conditions, and protection of employees' rights. Trade unions are involved in regulating labor, social and economic relations between workers, employers and the state. Globalization has caused transformational changes in trade unions. Consequently, their social positions have changed. Analytical and synthetic research methods were used to study the current state of trade unions and accounting features. Analytical methods consist in studying the essence and functions of trade unions and comparing them at different moments of society's development, identifying the factors that have influenced the transformation of trade unions over time. Synthetic methods consist in combining parts into a whole, creating new phenomena or concepts based on already known ones. These methods allow generalizing, systematizing, comparing and evaluating information obtained from different sources and drawing reasonable conclusions. The method of "online interview" was used, which is a method of conducting individual interviews through online communication tools such as e-mail, chat, video or audio communication. The method was used to obtain information from the heads and accountants of trade union organizations in the Dnipro region about the role of citizens' associations, accounting features, and their participation in solving statutory issues of trade unions. The results of the research allowed us to reveal the gradual transformation of trade unions at the international level and the need for accounting solutions to new challenges. These results can be useful for teachers, ccountants, and trade union leaders to determine the trajectory of development of a particular organization.
Jianzhi art in the works of Chinese artist Ku Shulan (analysis of the creative method on the example of the work "The Goddess of Paper Cutting")
Authors: JIN FENG , Fedorovskaya Natal'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2024

The subject of this article is the study of the work of the famous Chinese master of folk crafts Ku Shulan (1920-2004), which demonstrates the trends in the modern development of the Chinese folk art of paper cutting (jianzhi). Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the collage technique of Ku Shulan, the identification of its creative method, the features of the technological process, the formal-stylistic and figurative-symbolic content of the carved paintings. The paper analyzes one of the most famous works of Qu Shulan "The Goddess of Paper Cutting", which demonstrates the characteristic features of her author's style. The key methods used in this study are historical-cultural, historical-comparative, and historical-biographical, which made it possible to show the work of Ku Shulan in the context of traditional jianzhi art. Also, to study the creative method of Ku Shulan and identify the figurative and symbolic specificity of the work under consideration, formal-stylistic and semiotic analysis was used. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that a detailed analysis of the technological process of creating works according to the method of Ku Shulan is carried out, revealing the specifics of her work with the jianzhi technique and the creative method itself. On the basis of the traditional technique of paper cutting, Ku Shulan created her own technology - she added collage, cutting, gluing and lining, thereby opening up new opportunities for the development of the art of jianzhi. The main conclusion of the study is that in the context of modern globalization, the art of paper cutting by Ku Shulan acts as a rich source of ideas for the preservation, development and popularization of Jianzhi folk art both in China and in the world.
Methods of individual educational work of curators at universities of the Ministry of the Interior in Russia
Authors: Tufleikina Natalya Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2024

The subject of the article is the methods of individual educational work of curators in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The relevance of the study is due to the insufficient development of the system of methods for individual educational work of curators, methodological recommendations for their use in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as the predominant orientation of many curators to the use of forms and methods of educational work carried out with groups and teams. The effective work curators involves the integrated use of the entire arsenal of methods and means of educational work. The purpose of the study is a detailed description of the methods of individual educational work of curators in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The author lists and reveals the principles of organizing and conducting educational influence on the of cadets person in the system of individual educational work of curators, requirements for their use of methods of individual educational work. The article provides detailed methodological recommendations for the use of such methods of individual educational work as persuasion, example, competition, exercise, acceptance, criticism of actions and deeds by teachers at universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, individual tasks and assignments, providing comradely assistance, rendering knowledge of trust, coercion. It is noted that the choice of methods of educational influence depends on the experience of the subjects of education (including the curators and the cadet), goals, objectives, content and conditions of individual educational work, personal and professional characteristics of the cadet. The curator must make the optimal choice of method (or methods) of educational influence.
Developing the Methodology for the Effective Placement of Security and Fire Alarm Systems
Authors: Sharipov Rifat Rashatovich , Yusupov Bulat Zufarovich , Martynov Artur Mikhailovich , Zaripova Rimma Soltanovna
Published: April 2024

The article focuses on security and fire alarm systems (SFAS) as means of ensuring the safety of facilities, viewing them as integrated complexes for promptly detecting potential threats. The main emphasis is on detectors, including their classification and role within the system. The article examines various configurations of SFAS and ways of connecting and processing signals from detectors, allowing for an evaluation of how these factors affect the system's effectiveness. The lifecycle of SFAS is described, highlighting the importance of each stage from design to operation. The article provides an overview of regulatory documents, emphasizing the importance of compliance with standards and requirements when implementing SFAS. Recommended for security professionals and individuals interested in delving into this topic. Additionally, the article addresses issues related to the placement of SFAS and their impact on system effectiveness. It analyzes vulnerabilities arising from irrational placement of components and presents a methodology for optimizing placement to enhance security. The methodology is described step by step, considering input and output processes at each stage. The authors conduct practical testing of the methodology in an educational laboratory with an installed SFAS, identifying placement errors and formulating recommendations for correction. The article is beneficial for professionals in the design and installation of SFAS, as well as for those seeking to improve the level of protection of facilities, accentuating the critical importance of proper component placement.
Nihil est enim simul et inventum et perfectum. Intelligenza artificiale nel diritto tra prospettive attuali e sperimentazioni romanistiche
Authors: Radice Giulia Aurora
Published: April 2024

Abstract The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the field of law has emerged as a pivotal topic within contemporary legal discourse, both in theoretical frameworks and practical applications. While the debate surrounding this intersection began several decades ago, and arguably even centuries prior, this paper provides a brief overview of the ongoing dialogue. Specifically, it offers an account of the conference titled Automa-tisierung von juristischen Entscheidungen: Die künstliche Intelligenz am Beispiel der rö-mischrechtlichen Kasuistik, held at the Universität Bern in March 2024. This event served as a significant landmark in advancing discussions around AI and its implications in the legal sphere. Bringing together scholars and practitioners, from different countries and fields of law, the two-day symposium provided a platform to explore various facets of AI implementation. Notably, it featured the unveiling of AILexA, an innovative application of AI designed for the Digest of Justinian (title D. 9.2). The conference facilitated discussions on predictive justice, the integration of technology into state public administration, insights from legal practice, and the exploration of new avenues for research in Roman law.
PVN-mPFC OT projections modulates pup-directed pup care or attacking in virgin mandarin voles
Authors: Li Lu , He Zhixiong , Li Yin , Huang Caihong , Hou Wenjuan , Lv Zijian , Zhang Lizi , Qu Yishan , Sun Yahan , Huang Kaizhe , Han Xiao , Tai Fadao
Published: April 2024

In many species, adult animals may exhibit caregiving or aggression towards conspecific offspring. The neural mechanisms underlying the infanticide and pup care remain poorly understood. Here, using monogamous virgin mandarin voles (
Microtus mandarinus
) that may exhibit pup care or infanticide, we found that more oxytocin (OT) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were activated during pup caring than infanticide. Optogenetic activation of OT neurons in the PVN facilitated pup-caring in male and female mandarin voles. In infanticide voles, optogenetic activation of PVN OT cells prolonged latency to approach and attack pups, whereas inhibition of these OT neurons facilitated approach and infanticide. In addition, OT release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in pup-care voles increased upon approaching and retrieving pups, and decreased in infanticide voles upon attacking pups. Optogenetic activation of PVN OT neuron projections to the mPFC shortened the latency to approach and retrieve pups and facilitated the initiation of pup care, whereas inhibition of these projections had little effect. For pup-care females, neither activation nor inhibition of the terminals affected their behavior towards pups. In infanticide male and female voles, optogenetic activation of PVN-mPFC OT projection terminals prolonged the latency to approach and attack pups and suppressed the initiation of infanticide, whereas inhibition of these projections promoted approach and infanticide. Finally, we found that intraperitoneal injection of OT promoted pup care and inhibited infanticide behavior. It is suggested that the OT system, especially PVN OT neurons projecting to mPFC, modulates pup-directed behaviors and OT can be used to treat abnormal behavioral responses associated with some psychological diseases.
Predicting Petrol and Diesel Prices in Ghana, A Comparison of ARIMA and SARIMA Models
Authors: Agyare Sampson , Odoi Benjamin , Wiah Eric Neebo
Published: April 2024

Predicting prices is of great concern and important in the world of economics and finance. In this paper, a comparative analysis of gasoline and diesel in Ghana were analysed using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). Based on their forecasting accuracy, the best model was used for predicting future prices of gasoline and diesel from January 2024 to December 2024. A monthly data for the prices of gasoline and diesel spanning from January 2016 to December 2023 taken from the Bank of Ghana (BoG) and the National Petroleum Authority (NPA) was used for the analysis. ARIMA (0; 1; 2) and ARIMA (2; 1; 3) were identified as the best models for gasoline and diesel respectively, SARIMA(0; 1; 2) x (0; 1; 1)12 and SARIMA (1; 1; 1) x (0; 1; 1)12 were also identified after taking a seasonal difference of the series all based on AIC and BIC. The coefficient of the identified models were tested for its significance using the Z-test. The ARIMA and the SARIMA models were compared using RMSE, MAE, and MAPE. The SARIMA models generally performed better than the ARIMA models for both gasoline and diesel except RMSE for diesel where the ARIMA model was slightly better than the SARIMA models with values of 0:9677988 and 1:011531 respectively. The model evaluation proved that the SARIMA models for both gasoline and diesel were superior to the ARIMA and showed that, the SARIMA model is adequate and appropriate for forecasting of prices of gasoline and diesel prices in Ghana.
Molecular Basis of Self-Incompatibility in Plants: Unraveling Nature's Genetic Check Against Self-fertilization
Authors: R. Yashaswini , Suvarna . , Kuchanur Prakash H. , S. P. Prem Sagar , Raghavendra V. C. , K. Ashwini
Published: April 2024

Self-incompatibility mechanism is critical for the reproductive success of many plant species, as they prevent self-fertilization and promote outcrossing. This review delves into the molecular basis of self-incompatibility in plants, aiming to unravel the intricate genetic and biochemical activities that underlie this essential biological phenomenon. The central focus of this review is on the mechanisms by which plants recognize and reject self-pollen, ultimately ensuring the maintenance of genetic diversity. Key components, including S-alleles, S-RNases, and receptor kinases, are explored in detail to elucidate their roles in self-incompatibility. Furthermore, this review discusses the implications of understanding these molecular mechanisms for both plant breeding and conservation efforts. Despite significant progress that has been accomplished in deciphering the molecular basis of self-incompatibility, there are still numerous unanswered questions and promising avenues for future research. Topics such as the evolution of self-incompatibility systems and the potential applications of manipulating these mechanisms for crop improvement are highlighted. In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular intricacies behind self-incompatibility in plants. The insights obtained from this research not only contribute to our understanding of plant reproduction but also endure practical implications for agriculture and the preservation of plant biodiversity.
Micro Clonal Propagation Protocol for Lowland Bamboo (Oxytenanthera abyssinica) and Adapted the Propagated Seedling in the Dryland Areas of Abay Valley, Ethiopia
Authors: Admas Adugnaw
Published: April 2024

Oxytenanthera abyssinica has various economic and ecological benefits in Ethiopia. Now adays, the need for planting the species across the wider landscape, as plantation forest, is increasing. However, conventional propagation methods of O. abyssinica are found generally to be inefficient because they have low multiplication rate, are time consuming, labor intensive and too costly. Accordingly, tissue culture protocol was developed at Bahir Dar Tissue Culture Laboratory during 2021/22 for production of sufficient number of lowland bamboo seedlings through seed culture. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) was used for shoot initiation and multiplication. MS medium supplemented with 3-Indole –butric acid (IBA) was used for in vitro rooting. In shoot initiation experiment all viable seeds were proliferated in 5-7 days of culturing. Shoot was successfully multiplied at 0.004 g/L BAP and best rooting response was found at 0.005 g/l IBA. The propagated seedling was planted and adapted in the lowland areas of Abay valley at 1000 m asl.  The present optimized protocol and adaptation of the propagated seedling in the dryland areas enable actors who need large numbers of low land bamboo seedling for aforestation/reforestation programs
Evaluation of the Indoor Efficacy of Various Foliar-Applied Herbicides on Sicyos angulatus Seedlings
Authors: Chen X. X. , Yang H. F. , Qu B , Pang Q. M. , Jiang N. , He L. L. , Zhao F. J. , Shao M. N.
Published: April 2024

Sicyos angulatus is an increasingly pervasive alien species, has been identified as a significant contributor to the deterioration of biodiversity within the northern quadrant of the china. The objective of this investigation was to assess the efficacy of seven herbicides in suppressing the growth of S. angulatus seedlings, specifically targeting the early developmental phase. The application of the herbicides took place during the trileaf stage, a critical growth period. The herbicides under scrutiny included Prometryn, Thifensulfuron methyl, Nicosulfuron, Mesotrione, Bentazone, Imazethapyr, and a composite of Dicamba-Glyphosate-Triclopyr, with water serving as the control. To ensure consistent application and growth conditions, calibrated sprayers and standardized soil conditions were utilized. Data collection encompassed observations of toxicity, measurements of fresh weight, assessment of fresh weight effect, and the implementation of ANOVA to discern treatment variances, facilitating graphical comparison. The results indicated that all evaluated agents exhibited inhibitory effects on the seedlings. The Bentazone treatment exhibited an excellent control effect, with a fresh weight inhibition rate exceeding 95% on                  S. angulatus seedlings. Similarly, the Mesotrione and Dicamba-Glyphosate-Triclopy treatments demonstrated a good control effect, resulting in a fresh weight inhibition rate of over 85%. When treated with Prometryn, the S. angulatus seedlings displayed a moderate control effect, as indicated by a fresh weightinhibition rate exceeding 55%. However, Thifensulfuron methyl, Nicosulfuron, andImazethapyr showed poor control effects with a fresh weight inhibition rate below 55%. In light of these findings, it is posited that Mesotrione, Bentazone, and the Dicamba-Glyphosate-Triclopyr blend manifest as viable candidates for the prophylaxis and remediation of the early-stage growth of S. angulatus. Paramount to the study's conclusions is the lack of statistically significant disparity in the suppression outcomes across the concentration spectrum of the aforementioned efficacious agents. Hence, when juxtaposing ecotoxicological ramifications and economic considerations, the adoption of a concentration commensurate with the standard unitary dosage is proposed.
Vertical Farming: Revolutionizing Sustainable Agriculture in the 21st Century
Authors: Parameswari Puspa , Ragini Modi , Singh Vishal , N M Ramesha , Tiwari Awanindra Kumar , Belagalla Ningaraj , Pandey Saurabh Raj , Kolekar Shivaji Narayan
Published: April 2024

Vertical farming has emerged as a revolutionary approach to sustainable agriculture in the 21st century, addressing the challenges of population growth, urbanization, and climate change. This article provides a comprehensive overview of vertical farming technologies, strategies for soil and water conservation, and the potential benefits and limitations of this innovative agricultural system. The article explores the history and development of vertical farming, the various types of vertical farming systems, and the key components and technologies involved. It also discusses the environmental, economic, and social implications of vertical farming, including its potential to reduce land use, water consumption, and carbon emissions, while increasing crop yields and food security. The article presents case studies of successful vertical farming projects around the world and identifies future research and development needs to further advance this field. The potential of vertical farming to transform the agricultural landscape and contribute to sustainable urban development is highlighted, along with the challenges and opportunities for widespread adoption. The article concludes with recommendations for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to support the growth and development of vertical farming as a sustainable solution for meeting the food demands of a growing global population.
Reduction of appeasement‐related affect as a concomitant of diazepam‐induced aggression: evidence for a link between aggression and the expression of self‐conscious emotions
Authors: Wallace Patricia S. , Taylor Stuart P.
Published: December 2008

Aggressive responding following benzodiazepine ingestion has been recorded in both experimental and client populations, however, the mechanism responsible for this outcome is unclear. The goal of this study was to identify an affective concomitant linked to diazepam‐induced aggression that might be responsible for this relationship. Thirty males (15 diazepam and 15 placebo) participated in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm while covertly being videotaped. The videotapes were analyzed using the Facial Action Coding System with the goal of identifying facial expression differences between the two groups. Relative to placebo participants, diazepam participants selected significantly higher shock settings for their opponents, consistent with past findings using this paradigm. Diazepam participants also engaged in significantly fewer appeasement expressions (associated with the self‐conscious emotions) during the task, although there were no group differences for other emotion expressions or for movements in general. Aggr. Behav. 35:203–212, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploration of ionic modification in dual‐layer hollow fiber membranes for long‐term high‐performance protein separation
Authors: Li Yi , Soh Sim Chuan , Chung Tai‐Shung , Chan Sui Yung
Published: December 2008

Two types of ionic modification approaches (i.e., sulfonation and triethylamination) were applied with the aid of dual‐layer hollow fiber technology in this work to fine tune the pore size and pore size distribution, introduce the electrostatic interaction, and reduce membrane fouling for long‐term high‐performance protein separation. A binary protein mixture comprising bovine serum albumin (BSA) and hemoglobin (Hb) was separated in this work. The sulfonated fiber exhibits an improved BSA/Hb separation factor at pH = 6.8 compared with as‐spun fibers but at the expense of BSA sieving coefficient. On the other hand, the triethylaminated fiber reveals the best and most durable separation performance at pH = 4.8. Its BSA/Hb separation factor is maintained above 80 for 4 days and maximum BSA sieving coefficient reaches 33%. Therefore, this study documents that an intelligent combination of both size‐exclusion and electrostatic interaction can synergistically enhance protein separation performance in both purity and concentration. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
G72/G30 (DAOA) and juvenile‐onset mood disorders
Authors: Gomez Lissette , Wigg Karen , Feng Yu , Kiss Eniko , Kapornai Krisztina , Tamás Zsuzsa , Mayer László , Baji Ildikó , Daróczi Gabriella , Benák István , Kothencné Viola Osváth , Dombovári Edit , Kaczvinszk Emília , Besnyő Márta , Gádoros Julia , King Nicole , Székely Judit , Kovacs Maria , Vetró Ágnes , Kennedy James L , Barr Cathy L
Published: December 2008

The chromosome 13q region has been linked to bipolar disorder in a number of genome scans as well as focused linkage studies. Previously we identified linkage to the 13q32 region in a genome scan of 146 affected sibling pair families from Hungary with juvenile‐onset mood disorders. Within this region are the overlapping genes G72/G30, with G72 now officially named as D‐amino‐acid oxidase activator (DAOA). This locus has been associated with panic disorder, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. In this study, we tested for association to 11 markers in these genes and mood disorders in a sample of 646 nuclear families identified with a proband with onset of a mood disorder before 14.9 years of age. We identified evidence for association to three markers within the gene (rs2391191, rs3918341, rs1935062), two of which had been associated with bipolar disorder in previous studies. When corrected for the number of markers tested, the results were no longer significant, however the prior evidence for association of this gene in multiple studies points to this gene as a potential contributor to juvenile‐onset mood disorders. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
pH‐Controllable Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Leung Ken Cham‐Fai , Chak Chun‐Pong , Lo Chui‐Man , Wong Wing‐Yan , Xuan Shouhu , Cheng Christopher H. K.
Published: December 2008

Proton, all that matters! This Focus Review surveys representative examples of pH‐controllable supramolecular systems with interesting features and state‐of‐the‐art applications, which can lead to the construction of meaningful molecular machines for electronic and biological applications that can be controlled by simple perturbation with acid and base.

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This Focus Review surveys representative examples of pH‐controllable supramolecular systems with interesting features and state‐of‐the‐art applications such as 1) conformational changes within individual molecules; 2) folding/unfolding of polymers; 3) simultaneous binding of cations and anions; 4) logic function; 5) ON–OFF switchable colorimetric sensing; 6) translocation of macrocycle‐in‐rotaxane molecules; 7) large‐scale movement within molecules; and 8) regulation of the substrate flow in nanocontainers. In particular, systems will be discussed that involve: pH‐induced conformational changes of a resorcinarene cavitand and a bis(iron porphyrin) complex; pH control in assembly and disassembly of supramolecular systems stabilized with different major noncovalent interactions; pH‐driven movements of interlocked molecules involving rotaxanes, molecular elevators, and molecular muscles; and, finally, multicomponent supramolecular systems immobilized on solid supports as pH‐responsive nanovalves for the controlled release of specific substrates. Recent advances in the understanding of pH‐controllable supramolecular systems have led to the construction of meaningful molecular machines for electronic and biological applications that are amenable to control by simple perturbation with acids and bases.
Coupling and decoupling of unfairness and anger in ultimatum bargaining
Authors: Srivastava Joydeep , Espinoza Francine , Fedorikhin Alexander
Published: December 2008

Although previous research has demonstrated the importance of emotions in ultimatum bargaining, this research provides a more direct, convergent test of the role of anger in explaining rejections of unfair offers in ultimatum bargaining. First, using appraisal theory of emotions, this research examines the extent to which the cognitive appraisal of unfairness leads to the emotion of anger, which in turn, drives punitive behavior (i.e., rejection of offers). Second, this research explores the possibility of decoupling the emotion of anger from its antecedent appraisal of unfairness in order to attenuate responders' inclination to reject unfair offers. Third, following the current research tradition that goes beyond a valence‐based approach, we differentiate between the negative emotions of anger and sadness and examine whether it is the specific emotion of anger that is relevant to the cognitive appraisal of unfairness or the general negative valence of the emotion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.