bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principles to use reverse osmosis for drinking water supply and reduce concentrate disposal
Authors: Pervov Alexei , Spitsov Dmitry , Saimullov Alexei
Published: May 2021

Possibilities to reduce reverse osmosis concentrate flow and operational costs were investigated. The existing solutions are described using chemical softening and evaporation techniques. The presented article is devoted to investigation of possibilities to remove calcium carbonate from concentrate due to calcium deposition on “seed” crystals. A new technique to reduce concentrate flow is presented that consists of operation of membrane unit in circulation mode whereby concentrate is circulated through a “seed” reactor. In reactor calcium and carbonate ions deposit on the “seed” crystals thus reducing scaling hazard and concentrate TDS value. Water treatment flow diagram is presented and technical parameters of membrane facilities are determined that enables us to design the whole membrane process. Product flow on each membrane stage is determined to calculate the required amounts of membrane modules on each stage; scaling rates and calcium carbonate deposition rates are evaluated; caustic consumption is determined. Experimental technique is proposed and described to determine scaling rates in membrane modules and the amount of hardness removed from concentrate after treatment by the “seed” and the minimal volume of concentrate that could be reached. Relationships are presented to determine operational costs (energy and chemicals consumption), scaling rates in membrane modules on the first and second stages and total hardness removal during concentrate recirculation through the “seed” reactor on the third stage.
Oscillation of gear mechanisms of construction machines
Authors: Skel Vladimir
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of gearing errors on the vibration activity of the open gear transmission of construction machines. A brief review of the literature on the relevance of the topic of gear dynamics in different industries and the results achieved so far is given. The features of open gears of turning mechanisms of construction machines are highlighted: a large gear ratio, a large gearing module, the absence of a common frame for the gear and wheel, poor transmission lubrication conditions, a small degree of precision in the manufacture of gears and the actual overlap coefficient is close to one. With these features, the main internal source of vibration is the difference between the main steps of the gear and the wheel and the error of the involute profile of the teeth. The results of the study of the influence of these features of vibration damping and open gear transmission on the dynamics of the turning mechanism of the construction machine are presented. The studies were carried out on a generalized two-mass nonlinear dynamic model with internal perturbation from the gear pair and with structural damping. The studies were conducted mainly for the transitional modes of resonance. Based on the analysis of the results obtained and presented in the article, recommendations are given to reduce the fluctuations of the turning mechanisms of construction machines.
Triad model: simulation - functional tensometry - information database in the assessment of the reliability of technological machines
Authors: Sevryugina Nadezhda , Kapyrin Pavel
Published: May 2021

The concept of a multidisciplinary approach to assessing the resource of individual components of the machine by combining database information based on simulation techniques and functional tensomethration is proposed. Simulations determine the reperative points of the tendometric sensors. The creation of a diagnostic model using basic concepts of information theory has allowed the development of a synergistic model for the recognition of the area of displacement of areas of uncertainty, which will ensure the identification of the defect (risk-denial). The formation of an electronic database of parametric data on the nature of loads as a diagnostic indicator of the change in the accuracy of pairing in machine systems is justified. Experimental studies were conducted on the model of the quick-capler. Hierarchical structuring of the machine to the level of mating parts with digital control of the criticality of the magnitude of external and internal loads ensures reliability control throughout the entire service life of the machine. When disposing of machines, this data allows you to obtain information about the residual resources of the elements for their reuse or the feasibility of restoration. This, in turn, will ensure the environmental friendliness and economy of the process.
Using biogas as an energy source
Authors: Smirnov Alexander , Tsabolov Kantemir , Ineshina Liliya , Gogina Elena
Published: May 2021

This article discusses the topic of sewage sludge digestion. Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge makes it possible to obtain biogas, which can later be used to generate heat or electricity. this approach to resource use is recognized worldwide as more environmentally friendly. The article discusses the experience of European countries in the production and use of biogas. In the Russian Federation, the situation is complicated by the fact that wastewater contains a small amount of organic matter, which is a product for biogas production. Therefore, methods have been proposed for increasing the content of organic matter in sediments, for example, by means of separate waste collection and disposal of organic waste through grinders into the sewerage system. Or, the amount of organic matter in the sewage sludge can be increased by adding manure from animal farms. The stages of sediment fermentation are considered. The topic of rationality and payback of the use of biogas is raised. Projects already working in different countries are being considered. Possible volumes of gas production and methods of air purification during sludge treatment are considered.
Adaptation techniques of an urban planning due to climate change
Authors: Bakaeva Natalia , Suvorova Maria , Sheps Roman , Kormina Alexandra
Published: May 2021

In this paper there is reviewed a concept of adaptation of an urban planning to the changing climate conditions. The statements of the Framework Convention on Climate Change, UN FCCC, which are actively discussed these days in conditions of new challenges, determine a necessity of applying scientifically reasoned approaches to the landscape development and city transformation considering the climate change in the urban environment. There are discussed statements of climate change adapted concept of the urban planning and are reviewed examples of urban solutions corresponding to these statements. The authors are convinced that problem solving of the climate change adapted urban planning requires an interdisciplinary approach, embracing multiple scientific directions such as ecological, urban, social, technical and technological. In this aspect the concept of adaptation the urban planning to volatile climate conditions represent a long-term strategy of the urban development, which is, first of all, requires a preparation of a roadmap and then decision making, which would conduce to forming a fully comfortable and safe urban environment.
An algorithm clusters and residents of special economic zones interaction
Authors: Iskandarov Daler , Borozdina Svetlana
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the problem of inefficiency in using special economic zones (SEZ) as a tool for attracting direct investment in economic sectors. To solve this problem, the article identified the main quantitative indicators that reflect the negative trend. The purpose of the research was to study and analyze the existing special economic zones (SEZ) and clusters of the investment and construction sector (ICS), as well as their subsequent comparison based on geographical localization. The authors have developed a methodology for selecting clusters of ICS and SEZ. As a result of the scientific research, was developed the author’s methodology for selection clusters and special economic zones functioning in ICS, also were established characteristics and indicators for assessing the interaction and the possibility of implementing an investment project and the synergistic effect from including a SEZ resident in the ICS cluster. As the key methods to determine the effect of interaction were used questioning and expert assessment. The authors propose to develop an algorithm for interaction between clusters of investment and construction sector (ICS) enterprises and residents of special economic zones for the joint investment and construction projects (ICP) implementation to solve the unused zonal infrastructure capacity problem and for assessing the synergistic effect of being included in ICS cluster a SEZ resident with important competitive advantages. Special attention is paid to land usage as the most important resource in the construction projects implementation. Conclusions are drawn about the need for changes in the SEZ and its structural elements management.
Estimation and filling of missing runoff data at Al-Jawadiyah station using artificial neural networks
Authors: Ali slieman Alaa , Kozlov Dmitry
Published: May 2021

Runoff is one of the most important components of the hydrological cycle, and having complete series of runoff data is essential for any hydrological modelling process. This study aims to estimate the runoff at Al-Jawadiyah hydrometric station using artificial neural networks. This study used only the runoff data at Al-Jawadiyah station in addition to the runoff values measured at Al-Amiri station on the Syrian-Lebanese border. Many experiments were conducted and a very large number of artificial neural networks were trained with changing the number of hidden layers, the number of neurons and the training algorithms until the best network was reached according to the regression criteria and the root mean of the error squares between the measured values and the predicted values, and the network (2:12:1) was adopted in the process of filling the gaps in the runoff time series at Al-Jawadiyah station during the study period. This study recommends working on preparing complete series of hydrological and climatic measurements that form a basis for preparing an accurate hydrological model for the study area.
Development of organizational and economic instruments for enhancing the innovation process in major construction
Authors: Politi Violetta
Published: May 2021

Objectively, there is discrimination in relation to investments in inventions and research activities, since the risk is higher, the inhibition of funds is longer, and the investment analysis of innovative projects is longer and more laborious. Consequently, in order to enhance innovation in the construction industry, it is necessary to develop specific instruments for state stimulation. One of these tools is a priority form of government funding for projects with a high level of use of innovations in architectural and design solutions. The development of a methodology for assessing the level of novelty and progressiveness of design solutions will make it possible to make their justified selection for priority government funding
American eel resilience to simulated fluid shear associated with passage through hydroelectric turbines
Authors: Pflugrath Brett D. , Mueller Robert P. , Engbrecht Kristin , Colotelo Alison H.
Published: May 2021

American eel (Anguilla rostrata) populations have declined within their native range along the eastern coast of North America due to factors such as commercial fishing, habitat alteration, and dams. American eel are catadromous fish species, and high mortality rates (>40%) have been observed for freshwater life-stage adult eel passing downstream through hydropower turbines. Lacerations and sectioning of fish have been observed downstream of turbines and these injuries are commonly associated with direct contact with the turbine runner, whether through blade strike or pinching and grinding. Exposure to fluid shear may also be a source of injury, however, little is known about American eel susceptibility to this physical stressor. Eels are considerably flexible when compared to other fish species and lack other morphological characteristics that would make them susceptible to fluid shear, such as protruding eyes, large scales, and large operculum. European eel, which have previously been tested for susceptibility to fluid shear, were found to be resilient. To determine if American eel are also resilient to fluid shear, forty American eel were exposed to a water jet, simulating severe fluid shear (strain rate > 800 s−1) that fish may experience when passing downstream through turbines. No immediate or delayed (48 h) signs of injury were observed after exposure to severe fluid shear. Based on this study, and a previous study conducted on American eel susceptibility to barotrauma, the source of injury and mortality of American eel passing through turbines is likely attributed to blade strike or pinching and grinding.
Constraints of using historical data for modelling the spatial distribution of helminth parasites in ruminants
Authors: Hendrickx Alizée , Marsboom Cedric , Rinaldi Laura , Vineer Hannah Rose , Morgoglione Maria Elena , Sotariki Smaro , Cringoli Giuseppe , Claerebout Edwin , Hendrickx Guy
Published: May 2021

Dicrocoelium dendriticum is a trematode that infects ruminant livestock and requires two different intermediate hosts to complete its lifecycle. Modelling the spatial distribution of this parasite can help to improve its management in higher risk regions. The aim of this research was to assess the constraints of using historical data sets when modelling the spatial distribution of helminth parasites in ruminants. A parasitological data set provided by CREMOPAR (Napoli, Italy) and covering most of Italy was used in this paper. A baseline model (Random Forest, VECMAP®) using the entire data set was first used to determine the minimal number of data points needed to build a stable model. Then, annual distribution models were computed and compared with the baseline model. The best prediction rate and statistical output were obtained for 2012 and the worst for 2016, even though the sample size of the former was significantly smaller than the latter. We discuss how this may be explained by the fact that in 2012, the samples were more evenly geographically distributed, whilst in 2016 most of the data were strongly clustered. It is concluded that the spatial distribution of the input data appears to be more important than the actual sample size when computing species distribution models. This is often a major issue when using historical data to develop spatial models. Such data sets often include sampling biases and large geographical gaps. If this bias is not corrected, the spatial distribution model outputs may display the sampling effort rather than the real species distribution.
Limitations of PCR detection of filarial DNA in human stools from subjects non-infected with soil-transmitted helminths
Authors: Doret Maxime P. M. , Nana-Djeunga Hugues C. , Nzune-Toche Narcisse , Pion Sébastien D. S. , Chesnais Cédric B. , Boussinesq Michel , Kamgno Joseph , Varlet-Marie Emmanuelle , Locatelli Sabrina
Published: May 2021

The standard techniques for diagnosis of human filariasis are the microscopic examination of blood smears or skin biopsies, which are relatively invasive and poorly sensitive at low levels of infection. Recently, filarial DNA has been detected in fecal samples from non-human primates in Central Africa. The aim of this study was to demonstrate proof-of-concept of a non-invasive molecular diagnosis technique for human filariasis by targeting fragments of 12S rDNA, Cox1, ITS1 and LL20-15kDa ladder antigen-gene by conventional PCR in DNA extracted from stool samples of 52 people infected with Mansonella perstans and/or Loa loa. Of these, 10 patients were infected with soil-transmitted helminths (Trichuris trichiura and/or Ascaris lumbricoides), and none were positive for Necator americanus. Interestingly, no filarial gene fragments were detected in the stools of any of the 52 patients. Future studies should evaluate whether a co-infection with soil-transmitted helminths causing gastrointestinal bleeding and likely allowing (micro)filaria exit into the digestive tract, may facilitate the molecular detection of filarial DNA fragments in stool samples.
Evaluation and analysis of freshwater from atmospheric moisture as byproduct of air-cooling units in Oman
Authors: Moosa Iessa Sabble , Kazem Hussien A. , Al-Badi Humaid , Al-Hashimi Ahmed Said
Published: May 2021

Providing water for different uses to maintain life activities is a target for many nations. So, managing the existing water resources and finding new water sources are essential for any nation's water security. In the present article, 4 years daily meteorological data, such as relative humidity, air-temperatures, and global solar irradiation were analyzed to support the explanation of high-level humidity in the coastal plains of Oman, and the effect of that on water production from atmospheric moisture. What applies to the coast of Oman is also valid on the coasts of the Gulf Cooperation Council. It is found that the annual mean value of the RH% along the Omani coast is about 68% for 4 years (2016–2019). Also, the study of the air-temperatures data revealed very clear decreasing in the direction toward the south of Oman due to the geographical diversity. It is found that the lowest annual air- temperatures were in the far south city, Dhalkut (about Max., Mean, Min., 25, 22, 20 °C, respectively). Three years (2017–2019) of global solar irradiation data of Muscat International Airport showed a maximum value of around 7300 W/m2 in June. In addition, a part of the research work was to investigate the byproduct drain-water that comes out from big air-cooling units with a rate power of about 21.73 kW each. The result indicated that a Net Annual Rate of freshwater of about 1892 m3/year can be accumulated from one supermarket air-cooling units nearby the line coast of Oman. Also, the chemical, physical, and bacterial tests were carried out to find some parameters, such as TDS, EC, pH, and bacterial contamination. The results were encouraging towards the purity of the byproduct water, and the existing bacteria could be killed by solar energy.
Performance analysis of AS-SOFC fuel cell combining single and sinusoidal flow field: numerical study
Authors: Horr Sabrina , Mohcene Hocine , Bouguettaia Hamza , Ben Moussa Hocine
Published: May 2021

The performance of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was examined using 3D computational fluid dynamics to model mass and heat flows inside the channels. In the present investigation, a SOFC fuel cell with a new flow field based on a sinusoidal flow has been studied. The latter was tested and compared with a single flow using ANSYS FLUENT. The obtained results showed that at a given operating voltage, the maximum power for the sinusoidal and the single flow fields were 1.43 and 1.35 W/cm2, respectively. By taking in addition, into account the concentration, activation and Ohmic losses; it was noticed that the distribution of velocity and temperature for the sinusoidal flow led to bettered results. Furthermore, it was observed that the maximum use of H2mass fraction consumed in sinusoidal and single flow field designs were 60% and 55% respectively. Similarly, the highest H2O mass fraction values produced for the sinusoidal and single flow designs were 42% and 34% respectively. This model was validated and confronted to previous data. The present results agree well with reported studies in literature.
« Prendre soin de son jardin intérieur » : Un programme d’Éducation Thérapeutique du Patient, jardin et art-thérapie pour des patientes obèses
Authors: Sittarame Frédéric , Lanier-Pazziani Marie , Chambouleyron Monique , Golay Alain
Published: May 2021

Les programmes d’éducation thérapeutique pour patients obèses incluant art-thérapie et jardin thérapeutique mobilisent profondément l’intériorité des personnes obèses. Ils contribuent à l’amélioration de la qualité de vie et de l’estime de soi. Objectifs : Cette étude a pour but d’évaluer un programme d’éducation thérapeutique associant jardin et art-thérapie proposé à des groupes de patientes obèses. Méthode : 12 séances de « jardin et art-thérapie » ont été proposées durant une année à 12 patientes obèses. Suivant le cycle des saisons, diverses thématiques reliées au vécu des patients souffrant d’obésité ont été traitées. Un focus groupe de deux heures réunissant les participantes à la fin du programme a permis d’évaluer ce processus. Résultats : l’adhésion au programme a été de 85 %. Les verbatims des patientes récoltés au cours du focus groupe ont été répartis en 7 catégories : la nature ressource, le jardin sensoriel, le jardin médiateur pour entrer en contact avec soi-même, le jardin source de métaphores pour s’exprimer, la création en art-thérapie, l’influence du groupe et une approche différente des soins. Conclusion : L’association du travail au jardin et de l’art-thérapie dans un programme d’éducation thérapeutique des patients semble être pertinente et pourrait être transposable à d’autres maladies chroniques.
Nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) und Niere
Authors: Bonmann Tobias
Published: May 2021

Nichtsteroidale Antirheumatika (NSAR) haben über verschiedene pathophysiologische Mechanismen Einfluss auf die Nierenfunktion und können, v. a. beim Vorliegen weiterer Risikofaktoren, ernste und möglicherweise auch bleibende Schäden verursachen. Der Einsatz und die Indikationsstellung zur Einnahme von NSAR sollte daher regelmäßig kritisch hinterfragt werden, um Patienten vor vermeidbaren Komplikationen zu bewahren.
Weiterbildung: eEducation als ein Weg in oder aus der Corona-Krise
Authors: Fernsebner M. A. Thomas , Reichardt Michael , Gaspar Uschi
Published: May 2021

Natürlich leidet auch der Weiterbildungsbereich unter den Einschränkungen durch die Corona-Krise. Aus dem gewohnten Präsenzunterricht mussten in aller Kürze alternative Angebote entstehen. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick, wie sich der Unterricht im Zuge von eLearning in den kooperierenden Weiterbildungsstätten der Akademie nephrologischer Berufsgruppen aus Traunstein und der Weiterbildungsstätte nephrologischer Zentren Rhein-Ruhr aus Essen entwickelt hat. Glücklicherweise hatten diese Institutionen schon vor längerer Zeit gemeinsam eine digitale Lehrplattform aufgebaut (Abb. 1) und bieten nun zusätzlich den Unterricht für die Teilnehmer/-innen mit moderner Videokonferenz an.
Antibiotikainduzierte Nierenschädigung
Authors: Schricker Severin , Ketteler Markus
Published: May 2021

Medikamentenbedingte Nephrotoxizität ist nach wie vor eine der häufigsten Ursachen für eine akute Nierenschädigung bei hospitalisierten Patienten. Innerhalb der umfangreichen Gruppe von Medikamenten, die mit dem akuten Nierenversagen in Verbindung gebracht werden, sind Antibiotika und andere antimikrobielle Stoffe häufige Auslöser für strukturelle und funktionelle Nierenschäden. Die klinischen Manifestationen reichen von vorübergehenden Formen tubulärer Funktionseinschränkungen bis hin zu einer signifikanten Verschlechterung der Nierenfunktion, die eine akute Nierenersatztherapie erfordert. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Substanzen, Mechanismen und prädisponierten Risikofaktoren für eine antibiotikainduzierte Nierenschädigung sowie einen Überblick über präventive Maßnahmen zur Verringerung von Komplikationen.
Abdominelles Kompartmentsyndrom
Authors: Grass Katharina , Kersting Stephan
Published: May 2021

Das abdominelle Kompartmentsyndrom (ACS) ist ein lebensbedrohliches Krankheitsbild, dessen Behandlungserfolg insbesondere von einer zeitnahen zielführenden Diagnostik und adäquaten Behandlungsprinzipien abhängt. Dieser CME-Beitrag beschreibt die pathophysiologischen Vorgänge beim ACS sowie das diagnostische und therapeutische Vorgehen bei diesen schwerst gefährdeten, intensivpflichtigen Patienten.
Single-Level Cervical Arthroplasty with a Keel-less Prosthesis: Results in a Series of 35 Patients Operated on for Soft Disk Herniation with a Minimum of 3 Years of Follow-Up
Authors: Stifano Vito , Stati Giovanni , Giacobbo Scavo Carlo , Carpineta Ettore , Cacciotti Guglielmo , Roperto Raffaelino , Sufianov Albert , Mastronardi Luciano
Published: May 2021

Background Cervical arthroplasty with artificial cervical disks has gained popularity as an alternative to anterior discectomy and fusion. The main advantages of disk arthroplasty include maintenance of the range of movement, restitution of disk height and spinal alignment, and reduction of adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). In this article, we aimed to assess the outcomes of the use of a keel-less prosthesis.

Material and Methods We included all the patients who underwent single-level cervical arthroplasties with the Discocerv Cervidisc Evolution for “soft” disk herniation. Clinical assessment included Neck Disability Index (NDI) and visual analog scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain. Radiologic studies investigated the occurrence of ASD and system failure or subsidence. The reoperation rate was also recorded.

Results The study included 35 patients (14 men and 21 women; mean age: 42.5 years; mean follow-up: 57.8 months). There was a significant decrease in VAS neck and VAS arm scores, which went from 7.2 and 6.9 preoperatively to 2.2 and 1.7 postoperatively, 2.2 and 1.6 at 6 months, 2.0 and 1.8 at 1 year, and 2.1 and 1.3 at the last follow-up, respectively. The mean NDI score was 58.0 preoperatively, 19.4 postoperatively, 17.0 at 6 months, 16.1 at 1 year, and 16.2 at the last follow-up. Radiologic studies revealed a preserved range of motion in 33 of 35 patients. No ASD occurred and no reoperation was required.

Conclusions Cervical disk arthroplasty with a keel-less prosthesis can be a safe and effective alternative to fusion for degenerative disk disease in selected patients, with a possible reduction of ASD.
Neonatal Rupture of the Spleen: Successful Treatment with Splenic Artery Embolization
Authors: Raats Jelle W. , van Dam Lievay , van Doormaal Pieter J. , van Hengel-Jacobs Marjoleine , Langeveld-Benders Hester
Published: May 2021

Neonatal intra-abdominal hemorrhage has been rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of splenic injury in a neonate, highlighting the importance of a high-index suspicion in early recognition of this rare and potentially fatal injury. We report the first case of a neonate who had a splenic rupture and underwent successful endovascular treatment.
Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Clivus with No Violation of the Nasopharynx: Surgical Anatomy and Clinical Illustration
Authors: Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D. , Salgado-Lopez Laura , Leonel Luciano C.P.C. , Aydin Serdar O. , Peris-Celda Maria
Published: May 2021

Background Despite the use of vascularized intranasal flaps, endoscopic endonasal posterior fossa defects remain surgically challenging with high rates of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Objective The aim of the study is to describe a novel surgical technique that allows complete drilling of the clivus and exposure of the craniovertebral junction with preservation of the nasopharynx.

Methods Two formalin-fixed latex-injected anatomical specimens were used to confirm feasibility of the technique. Two surgical approaches were used: sole endoscopic endonasal approach and transnasion approach. The sole endonasal approach was used in a patient with a petroclival meningioma.

Results In both anatomical dissections, the inferior clivectomy with exposure of the foramen magnum was achieved with a sole endoscopic endonasal approach. The addition of the transnasion approach helped to complete drilling of the inferior border of the foramen magnum and exposure of the arch of C1.

Conclusion This study shows the anatomical feasibility of total clivectomy and exposure of the craniovertebral junction with preservation of the nasopharynx. A more favorable anatomical posterior fossa defect for the reconstruction is achieved with this technique. Further clinical studies are needed to assess if this change would impact the postoperative CSF leak rate.
Pitfalls in Prostate Cancer Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Yadav Kuldeep , Sureka Binit , Elhence Poonam , Choudhary Gautam Ram , Pandey Himanshu
Published: May 2021

Image-guided prostate biopsies are changing the outlook of prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis, with the degree of suspicion on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) being a strong predictor of targeted biopsy outcome. It is important not only to detect these suspicious lesions but also to be aware of the potential pitfalls in mp-MRI prostate imaging. The aim of this pictorial essay is to show a wide spectrum of representative cases, which are frequently misdiagnosed as PIRADS ⅘ while reporting mp-MRI of the prostate. We provide some valuable recommendations to avoid these fallacies and improve mp-MRI of prostate evaluation.
Uniklinik Mannheim: Bewährungsstrafe für Ex-Geschäftsführer
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: May 2021

Sieben Jahre nach dem Hygieneskandal am Mannheimer Uniklinikum ist der ehemalige Geschäftsführer und frühere DKG-Präsident Alfred Dänzer zu zwei Jahren auf Bewährung verurteilt worden. Dänzer habe die Gesundheitsgefährdung von Tausenden Patienten in Kauf genommen, so das Gericht.
EU-Medizinprodukte-Verordnung: Was Krankenhäuser über die MDR wissen sollten
Authors: Johner Christian
Published: May 2021

Nach einer vierjährigen Übergangszeit gilt die Medizinprodukte-Verordnung (MDR) in der Europäischen Union. Die MDR betrifft die Hersteller von Medizinprodukten, hat aber auch Auswirkungen auf die Krankenhäuser.
EHDS: Europäischer Datenpool für innovative Medizin
Authors: Gocke Peter , Rollwage Antonia
Published: May 2021

Die Schaffung eines gemeinsamen europäischen Gesundheitsdatenraumes (EDHS) steht auf der Prioritätenliste der Europäischen Kommission ganz oben. Bis 2025 soll der European Health Data Space einen DSGVO-konformen Zugang zu Gesundheitsdaten ermöglichen und auf Basis einheitlicher Regeln neue digitale Gesundheitsdienste fördern.
IT-Sicherheit in kleineren Kliniken: Fit machen für die Zukunft
Authors: Lang Michael
Published: May 2021

Kleinere Krankenhäuser müssen sich genauso vor Cyberangriffen schützen wie die großen Einrichtungen, die unter die KRITIS-Verordnung fallen. Experten des Bundesverbands der Krankenhaus-IT-Leiterinnen/Leiter (KH-IT) geben im Gespräch Auskunft über die aktuelle Situation.
First results from a 760-GW linear transformer driver module for Z-pinch research
Authors: Chen Lin , Zou Wenkang , Jiang Jihao , Zhou Liangji , Wei Bing , Guo Fan , He An , Xie Weiping , Deng Jianjun , Wang Meng , Wang Jie , Zhang Yuanjun
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the results of tests on a 0.76-TW linear transformer driver (LTD) module for Z-pinch research are presented for the first time. Ten LTD cavities, each generating a 1-MA/90-kV pulse on a matched load, were connected in series with a magnetically insulated voltage adder to drive the e-beam diode. Three inner stalks with different radii were tested, and the results indicate that the output parameters of the ten cavities are sensitive to the cathode radii. As an intermediate step, a high-current pulse with 832 kV/912 kA/130 ns was obtained on the e-beam diode. To date, this is the maximum power generated directly by a fast LTD with mega-ampere current output.
Techno-Economic Feasibility Analysis and Levelized Cost of Solar Photovoltaic Electricity
Authors: Lai Chun Sing
Published: May 2021

There is a possibility for mass-scale deployment of photovoltaic (PV) technology in stand-alone and grid-connected power systems. To deal with the technical constraints of PV, electrochemical energy storage (EES) will be a crucial asset to support the increasingly high penetrations of intermittent renewables and to provide means for energy arbitrage. The challenge arises in analyzing the economic projections on PV and EES systems. Commonly, the cost of a generating asset or the power system is evaluated using the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). From the investment perspective, the economics of energy systems with EES can be challenging to appraise due to EES not being an electrical generator. Here, a Kenyan energy system consisting of PV, an anaerobic digestion (AD) biogas power plant, and EES is used as a case study with an EES energy capital cost at $200 /kWh. Sensitivity analysis is conducted for various PV and EES capacities to examine the system's LCOE with and without energy storage degradation cost. Degradation cost needs to be accounted for in techno-economic analysis to inform system investors. Finally, the chapter introduces an ongoing standard development for PV system techno-economic appraisal: IEEE P2814–Recommended Practice on Techno-economic Metrics for Hybrid Energy and Storage Systems.
Life Cycle Carbon Footprint Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
Authors: Arcos-Vargas Angel
Published: May 2021

In the present chapter, a life cycle carbon footprint analysis of a photovoltaic (PV) facility located in Madrid is performed. An analysis is made of the contribution of this type of plant depending on the technology (type of monitoring and module material), the location (irradiation and energy mix of the country), and the place of manufacture of the equipment (energy mix of the country). The results obtained show that the best type of module to be implemented is the high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) offering better results despite the less specific emissions of the country where the equipment has been manufactured (in this study, the Nordic countries). In any case, regardless of the kind of material used and the place of manufacture of the equipment, the emissions needed for its implementation are significantly higher than those avoided throughout its life span.
Life Cycle Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Technologies
Authors: Ibn-Mohammed Taofeeq , Mustapha Khameel B.
Published: May 2021

Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has undergone a tremendous evolution in terms of mainstream adoption, capital cost, capacity, and industrial-scale production in recent years. However, this evolution has also sparked scrutiny of the environmental profiles of the PV ecosystem. Along this direction, this chapter centers on life cycle analysis (LCA), which has emerged as an invaluable tool for the assessment of the energy requirements and environmental profile from cradle to grave of PV systems. It explores PV's pivotal position among sustainable energy transformation schemes; examines material supply criticality on PV's development; and highlights the quantitative trends of conversion efficiency, energy payback time, and CO2 emissions of different modules. A snapshot of a framework within a case study for conducting the LCA of a laboratory-scale PV module with new material architecture is provided. This serves the requirements to establish and develop new guidelines and methods that integrate environmental factors into the PV technology development process at the design and fabrication stages before upscaling and transitioning from laboratory to market. A succinct discussion on the associated issues of scaling up laboratory processes to industrial scale alongside the challenges of end-of-life evaluations of PV modules is also provided.
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Authors: Rachuru Sanjeev , Vandanapu Jagannadham , Skelton Adam A.
Published: May 2021

Pentazole having the molecular formula HN5 is an archetypical five-membered homocyclic inorganic aromatic molecule consisting of five nitrogen atoms. A hydrogen atom is bonded to one of the nitrogens. Even though the molecule does not contain a carbon it appears last in the series of the heterocyclic azole family; the family containing one to five nitrogen atoms. This series of heterocyclic azoles is pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, tetrazole, and the last one is the pentazole. Barring pentazole, the rest of the members of the azole family are heterocyclic organic molecules. The pKa of N(1)H-acidity values of all the azole members are known, except for that of pentazole. In the present work we endeavoured to determine the pKa of pentazole by a graphical method and by performing theoretical DFT calculations.
Nutritional Considerations for Female Athletes in Weight Category Sports
Authors: Langan‐Evans Carl , Reale Reid , Sullivan Jordan , Martin Daniel
Published: May 2021

Weight making can be described as the process of reducing body mass in events where aesthetics, propulsion or the requirement to meet a specific weight category limit, are considered to be of competitive importance. Cross sectional research specifically focussed on weight category sports, has highlighted behaviours and practices that are similar in athletes of both sexes. Regardless of this and despite parallel participation in weight category sporting events, females are drastically underrepresented in studies examining body mass loss interventions across both chronic and acute timeframes. However, it has been well characterised that these types of body mass loss strategies can be causative of low energy availability, leading to consequences of female athlete triad and relative energy deficiency in sports. Furthermore, female‐specific body composition and physiological systems modulated by the anterior pituitary and ovarian hormones within the menstrual cycle or use of hormonal contraception, can lead to potential outcomes which need to be considered carefully, particularly when employing acute weight loss strategies that are often utilised by weight making athletes. Therefore, the aim of this article serves to review the aforementioned issues, whilst offering practical recommendations via initial assessment, chronic/acute interventions and refeeding/recovery plans to help support the implementation of body mass loss strategies in the context of weight making specifically with female athletes.
Traceable reference dosimetry in MRI guided radiotherapy using alanine: calibration and magnetic field correction factors of ionisation chambers
Authors: Billas Ilias , Bouchard Hugo , Oelfke Uwe , Duane Simon
Published: May 2021

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided radiotherapy (RT) (MRIgRT) falls outside the scope of existing high energy photon therapy dosimetry protocols, because those protocols do not consider the effects of the magnetic field on detector response and on absorbed dose to water. The aim of this study is to evaluate and demonstrate the traceable measurement of absorbed dose in MRIgRT systems using alanine, made possible by the characterisation of alanine sensitivity to magnetic fields reported previously by Billas et al (2020 Phys. Med. Biol.
65 115001), in a way which is compatible with existing standards and calibrations available for conventional RT. In this study, alanine is used to transfer absorbed dose to water to MRIgRT systems from a conventional linac. This offers an alternative route for the traceable measurement of absorbed dose to water, one which is independent of the transfer using ionisation chambers. The alanine dosimetry is analysed in combination with measurements with several Farmer-type chambers, PTW 30013 and IBA FC65-G, at six different centres and two different MRIgRT systems (Elekta Unity™ and ViewRay MRIdian™). The results are analysed in terms of the magnetic field correction factors, and in terms of the absorbed dose calibration coefficients for the chambers, determined at each centre. This approach to reference dosimetry in MRIgRT produces good consistency in the results, across the centres visited, at the level of 0.4% (standard deviation). Farmer-type ionisation chamber magnetic field correction factors were determined directly, by comparing calibrations in some MRIgRT systems with and without the magnetic field ramped up, and indirectly, by comparing calibrations in all the MRIgRT systems with calibrations in a conventional linac. Calibration coefficients in the MRIgRT systems were obtained with a standard uncertainty of 1.1% (Elekta Unity™) and 0.9% (ViewRay MRIdian™), for three different chamber orientations with respect to the magnetic field. The values obtained for the magnetic field correction factor in this investigation are consistent with those presented in the summary by de Pooter et al (2021 Phys. Med. Biol.
66 05TR02), and would tend to support the adoption of a magnetic field correction factor which depends on the chamber type, PTW 30013 or IBA FC65-G.
Heavy decaying dark matter at future neutrino radio telescopes
Authors: Chianese Marco , Fiorillo Damiano F.G. , Hajjar Rasmi , Miele Gennaro , Morisi Stefano , Saviano Ninetta
Published: May 2021

In the next decades, ultra-high-energy neutrinos in the EeV energy range will be potentially detected by next-generation neutrino telescopes. Although their primary goals are to observe cosmogenic neutrinos and to gain insight into extreme astrophysical environments, they can also indirectly probe the nature of dark matter. In this paper, we study the projected sensitivity of up-coming neutrino radio telescopes, such as RNO-G, GRAND and IceCube-gen2 radio array, to decaying dark matter scenarios. We investigate different dark matter decaying channels and masses, from 107 to 1015 GeV. By assuming the observation of cosmogenic or newborn pulsar neutrinos, we forecast conservative constraints on the lifetime of heavy dark matter particles. We find that these limits are competitive with and highly complementary to previous multi-messenger analyses.
An efficient numerical algorithm for solution of nonlinear delay differential equations
Authors: Kumar Anil , Methi Giriraj
Published: May 2021

Aim of the paper is to obtain numerical solution of some nonlinear delay differential equations (NDDEs) using Iterative scheme. Banach contraction method (BCM) is investigated on some nonlinear delay differential equations to find their solutions. Numerical results and convergence theorem are presented, and error analysis is discussed for some delay differential equations to show that proposed method is suitable for solving NDDEs. The BCM reduces complex calculations, avoids discretization, linearization, perturbation and save calculation time.
New Integral Inequalities on f-divergence Measure using Convex Functions
Authors: Sharma Anulika , Saraswat R. N.
Published: May 2021

In present research, we discuss some new f-divergence measures that call t-symmetric divergence measure and integral divergence measure, here we established convexity and some inequalities that connect these f-divergence to the classical introduced by Csiszar.
Effect of Electromagnetic field on Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a power-law fluid in presence of boundary roughness
Authors: Chavaraddi Krishna B , Chandaragi Praveen I. , Gouder P. M. , Marali G.B.
Published: May 2021

In the present study, the linear analysis of electrodynamic Rayleigh-Taylor instability(ERTI) in a thin layer of an incompressible two fluids with a poor conducting fluid confined above by an interface with heavier fluid and below with a rigid boundary subjected to boundary roughness is analyzed. A dispersion that accounts for the growth rate is derived using the approximations defined by Rudraiah et al.,[(1996) and stability is discussed theoretically as well as numerically. The influence of the combined effect of electromagnetic fields, surface tension, power-law fluid, boundary roughness and layer thickness on the ERTI is investigated and shown graphically for above various physical parameters on the stability of the system. It is observed that electric field, magnetic field, power-law fluid, porous parameter and boundary roughness have stabilizing effect on the system whereas Bond number and layer thickness destabilizes the interface.
Distribution and mitigation efforts for microplastic pollution in Kendari bay as the mainstay coastal tourism area of Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Muhsin  , Ahmad Sitti Wirdhana , Yanti Nur Arfa , Mukhsar  , Nanneng Safitri A.
Published: May 2021

Marine waste, especially plastic waste, is a complex problem faced by areas close to the beach/coastal area. This problem also occurs in Kendari Bay which has a unique character because of its position stretching in the middle of Kendari City, its shape is like a horse’s footprint and as a mainstay tourist attraction in Southeast Sulawesi. This study aims to analyze the distribution of microplastic abundance in sediments and marine biota, analyze water quality in the microplastic abundance distribution area, and determine efforts to mitigate pollution of plastic waste in Kendari Bay. A sampling of sediments and biota from 2 stations (settlement and port) using paralon pipes at depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm. Seawater quality parameters are parameters related to solid waste pollution based on UNESCO-WHO-UNEP and the method for water quality analysis refers to APHA-AWWA-WEF. The results showed that the types of microplastics found were film, fragment, and fiber. The average abundance of microplastics in Station I (Mata Village, Kendari City) and Station II (Kendari Archipelago Harbor) at a depth of 0-5 cm range from 426.82-424.92 particles/kg. This value is higher than the microplastic abundance at 5-10 cm depth, which is between 276.50 to 363.74 particles/kg. The average abundance of film-type microplastics and fragments at 0-5 cm depth was higher at Station I (203.75 particles/kg and 359.90 particles/kg). The microplastic category of fragments/debris at a depth of 5-10 cm, was found at Station II (409.06 particles/kg). Biota found in Station I sediments were blood shells (AnadaraSp) With microplastic fragment type (1 particle) and fiber type (2 particles) with an average abundance of 0.12 particles/Ind. Fiber-type microplastics are found in tofu skin (Maretrixmaretrix) of 5 particles with an average abundance of 0.5 particles/Ind. and Violin Crab (Uca), 1 particle with an average abundance of 0.04 particles/Ind. Water quality in the area of microplastic abundance found NH3, BOD, Phosphate (PO43-), Nitrate (NO3−), Phenol (C6H5OH), detergent and fat oil content have exceeded the quality standard. Mitigation efforts that can be done are 6R, separating the types of waste from the beginning, encouraging the role of government through education and regulation, research and technology support as well as bay cleaning measures so as to beautify the bay and improve the comfort of the local community and visitors so that the function of Kendari Bay as a tourist area the mainstay coast of Southeast Sulawesi remains sustainable.
Spatial and temporal variation of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a on the mackerel fish (Scomberomorus commerson) distribution using aqua modis satellite in naukerjerai district, merauke regency
Authors: Welliken Marius Agustinus , Pangaribuan Rosa Delima , Melmambessy Edy H.P , Merly Sendy Lely , Saleky Dandi , Sianturi Reny
Published: May 2021

Remote sensing is a technique that can be applied for observing oceanographic paramaters such as content of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a. The study aims to analyze the parameters of Sea Surface Temperature and Chlorophyll-a by using Aqua Modis Satellite to see the spatial and temporal distribution of the two paramaters on the distribution of CPUE of Mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson).Conducted for 2 months from May-June 2019 this study was held in the waters area of Naukenjerai District, Merauke Regency. The results showed the concentration of sea surface temperature in May was warmer in the range of 26.56 – 28.42 °C compared to June, where the temperature was cooler in the range of 25.43 – 26.94 °C. Meanwhile the concentration of chlorophyll-a in May was seen to be low around 0.3-1.73 mg/m3 which compared to June the concentration was relatively high around 1.45-2.36 mg/m3. The highest distribution of CPUE of Mackerel was found in June, which was 89 kg and the lowest CPUE Mackerel in May was around 22 kg. Therefore in June there is a great potential for capturing Mackerel.