bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aproximación a los Efectos del TTIP sobre las Exportaciones Manufactureras de la Comunidad Andina hacia los Estados Unidos
Authors: Expósito Alfonso
Published: December 2023

El mejor acceso de las manufacturas europeas al mercado estadounidense derivado de la Asociación Transatlántica para el Comercio y la Inversión (TTIP en sus siglas en inglés) implicará una desviación de exportaciones manufactureras procedentes de terceros países, entre los que se encontrarían los miembros de la Comunidad Andina (CAN). Este trabajo, además de analizar las repercusiones del TTIP para las relaciones comerciales de la CAN con los Estados Unidos (EU), ofrece una estimación de la pérdida de exportaciones para los sectores manufactureros andinos. Los resultados revelarían que los efectos de desviación de comercio se sentirían especialmente en aquellas industrias más dependientes del mercado estadounidense, y para las que la Unión Europea presenta claras ventajas competitivas en su comercio con los EU.
A Decision Tree Model-based Study on the Grouping of Hospitalization Expenses of Type 2 Diabetes Patients in a Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital
Authors: Zhang Xue , Ren Jianke , Wang Xin , Liang Lijun
Published: December 2023

Objective To discover the case-mix approach for TCM treatment of dominant disease type 2 diabetes patients and to analyze the hospitalization expense standards for different combinations of patients to provide theoretical references for better participation of TCM hospitals in the DRG payment method as well as reasonable regulation of hospitalization expenses for TCM type 2 diabetes patients in the future. Methods Case data were collected from 1,171 patients discharged with a principal diagnosis of type 2 diabetes from September 2021 to April 2023 from a tertiary care Chinese medicine hospital in Tianjin. Univariate and multivariate stepwise regression analyses determined categorical node variables. The decision tree model was used to perform case combinations and to analyze the expense standards and weights of different groups of disease types. Results The number of days of hospitalization, conditions in admission, and whether complicated cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the main factors affecting the hospitalization expense of type 2 diabetes patients in Chinese medicine hospitals, and the decision tree model was used to group the patients to form nine groups of patient case combinations. The standard of hospitalization expense for each combination was set reasonably. Conclusion The grouping results are more satisfactory, and the grouping scheme and hospitalization expense standards can provide a scientific basis for DRG grouping, adopting differentiated expense management, and improving the medical resource efficiency in TCM hospitals.
A "Colour Revolution" in Iran? Attack it with a Social Stability Model based on TOPSIS!
Authors: Bao Huijun
Published: December 2023

A "color revolution" achieves regime change by attacking the weakest link in society, but once the ratio of each link in society is out of balance, it will cause social deformation and thus affect social stability. To study the factors affecting social stability and avoid "color revolutions", it is necessary to establish an effective social stability index system, and on this basis, to build a social stability coefficient model. To establish a complete social stability index system, this paper selects population, defense science and technology, environment, education, economy, and agriculture after dimensionality reduction. The six indicators were then downscaled to obtain population, national defense, science and technology, environment, education, economy, and agriculture, and the social stability coefficient was classified into five levels from 0 to 1 using the TOPSIS evaluation algorithm, with the higher the level the worse the social stability. Using Spearman and Akaike Causality to test the indicator system, it was found that there was a significant correlation and causality between the stability coefficient and each indicator, and the indicator system was well established. For regions that failed to launch "color revolutions", this paper takes Iran as an example, and after bringing its 44 indicators into the social stability coefficient model in 2018, it comes out that the social stability coefficient of Iran is 0.637, and the social stability level is in the second level of stability to the third level of stability, which is a more stable state at this time. There may be some precursors of social unrest. At the same time, Iran's population development and education level are at a high level, and the general education and knowledge of the Iranian people are high, so the number of people who participate in internal conflicts and revolutions is reduced, which leads to the failure of color revolutions.
Simulating the Influence of Time Delay on Fractional Differential Equations based on Predictor-Corrector Scheme
Authors: Tu Cathy
Published: December 2023

This paper aims to investigate a fractional order prey predator model with group defense and time delay through differential equation linearization theory and predictor-corrector scheme. In this model, we use the Holling-IV functional response, called Monod-Haldane function, for interactions between prey and predator species. Firstly, the uniqueness of the solution to the initial value problem of this system are proved. Secondly, the existence of equilibrium points is discussed, and the Hopf bifurcation of this system is studied using time lag as the bifurcation parameter. Finally, based on the predictor-corrector scheme, we conduct numerical simulations with corresponding parameters and different time delay parameters to analyze the impact of time delay on dynamics.
Application of Passive RFID Technology
Authors: Li Ziqing , Feng Guiliang
Published: December 2023

Passive Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging IoT technology that enables communication and data exchange between items through various sensors and devices. Sensor nodes do not require built-in batteries or other energy supply devices, but instead use external signals for operation. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology is a simple and low-cost solution for the passive Internet of Things, suitable for scenarios that require simple tracking and monitoring of items. The sensor devices in this technology can be used for a long time interregional operation reduces maintenance costs and improves work efficiency. Therefore, it is a promising technology that can bring tremendous changes to various industries. In recent years, this technology has been widely applied in many fields, including logistics and supply chain management, industrial automation, intelligent agriculture, and health monitoring. This article elaborates on the practical application of the latest passive RFID technology, providing reference for more application scenarios in the future.
Research on Dynasty Classification of Dunhuang Murals Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Wan Yingdi
Published: December 2023

Dunhuang Murals are one of China's intangible cultural heritages, which have received extensive attention. Identifying and classifying the dynasties of ancient murals quickly and accurately is extremely important for the study of Dunhuang Murals and the digital protection and inheritance. A method to classify Dunhuang Murals dynasties based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed in this paper. First, the Dunhuang Murals data set is constructed from the mural materials; then, four convolutional neural network models with different depths and structures are constructed and trained; finally, the network model is tested using the test set and an appropriate classification model is selected. The experimental results show that for the Dunhuang mural image data sets of five different dynasties in this paper,the four models obtain high classification accuracy, and the accuracy of VGG11 and VGG19 reach 96%. Among them,the classification accuracy of murals in the Sui Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and Song Dynasties is lower than that of other dynasties in this paper.
Artificial Intelligence in Cars Powers an AI Revolution in the Auto Industry
Authors: Hou Xiankun
Published: December 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) plus self-driving cars are commonly addressed as one in the technological realm of technology. Simply said, one cannot discuss one without discussing the other. Whilst AI is being implemented at breakneck speed in a multitude of sectors, the manner in which it is applied in the automotive industry has become a sensitive issue. Automakers all around the world are employing artificial intelligence in practically every step of the production process. Examples of AI in action include robots fitting together the initial nuts and bolts of an automobile or autonomous vehicles that use machine learning & vision to safely navigate around traffic.
Indo—Netherlands Subalternity in Post-Independence Javanese Literature Social Portrait
Authors: Rokhim Mukhammad Nur
Published: December 2023

The independence of a nation creates a new perspective on specific communities. Those odds with the general view are wrong and mistaken. This situation often happened to Indo-Dutch groups outside politics who were not involved in the hierarchies of past political practices. Indo-Dutch society in post-independence Indonesia is in the flow of national transitional cultural interests. Novel Godhane Prawan Indo Asmara's work tells of cultural pressures that affect the psychology of an Indo-Dutch girl named Evie Tavernier. This paper examines the figure of Evie Tavernier as part of the social reality of post-independence subalternities. The analysis results concluded that the independence of the Indonesian side gave rise to a cultural and identity revolution. The cultural defeat of the West over its colonial lands gave rise to a counter-identity: the East, which has the right to itself. Rapid socio-cultural changes become a dilemma because of the reversal of power. As a minority, even though indigenous figures accept Evie Tavernier, they do not necessarily unite in the mainstream of the majority culture. He remains alone and independent of other identities, out of the vortex of culture around him. He is in the vortex of the cultural power of local figures during his condition of being marginalized by the community association. In Gayatri Spivak's view, the character of Evie Tavernier is a picture of a subaltern or other in the currents of Dutch-Indonesian culture.
Embracing narrative journalism in the Nordic countries
Authors: Rønlev Rasmus , Moestrup Steffen
Published: December 2023

Introduction to special issue
Bringing it to the classroom
Authors: Moestrup Steffen , Vestergaard Karsten
Published: December 2023

The article introduces the Digital Story Model. The model is made with the ambition to improve and enrich digital stories done by journalism students, professional journalists and other kinds of digital storytellers . In the study we adopt an action-based research approach and test the model in an international classroom setting with 85 journalism students representing 35 countries. The findings of students' experiences with applying the model point to a number of strengths and shortcomings. Strengths include the model as a structuring and planning tool, as a way to benefit creativity, as a shared language in an international group and as an assistance in considering the potential story modalities. Shortcomings include the model preventing creativity and creating standardized stories, the model being mostly beneficial for inexperienced reporters and being too linear. The study concludes that there is a significant usefulness of the model when it comes to enriching digital storytelling but also a need to revise the model further and to alter the way it is presented in the classroom.
What is Psychological Research?
Authors: Sköld Alfred , Brinkmann Svend
Published: December 2023

This interview is a slightly modified transcript from the first PSYCHE Talk, hosted at the Department of Communication and Psychology at Aalborg University, October 6, 2023. PSYCHE – Psychology of Culture, Humanity and Education, is a newly established research section that gathers three different research groups: Qualitative Studies, Situated Psychology and Cultural Psychology. PSYCHE Talks are hosted as biannual events, where prominent psychological researchers are invited to discuss fundamental questions about the nature and subject matter of psychology through an interview-based format. The title of this interview is inspired by two interviews with the American anthropologist, Jean Lave, conducted by Steinar Kvale in 1991 (published in 1995) and 2004 under the heading: “What is Anthropological Research?”. In this interview, Professor of General Psychology and Qualitative Methods, Svend Brinkmann, is interviewed by Assistant Professor of Psychology, Alfred Sköld.
Collective responsibility during a cholera outbreak: The case of Hammanskraal
Authors: Obasa A E , Botes M , Palk A C
Published: December 2023

The transmission of cholera, a highly infectious disease, is closely linked to inadequate access to clean water and sanitation facilities, with resource-poor communities, including refugees, rural communities and temporary displacement camps particularly vulnerable to outbreaks. Any disruption in water and sanitation systems or a sudden surge in community size owing to displacement can spark a humanitarian and health crisis, elevating the risk of cholera transmission and possibly triggering a regional epidemic. Recently, Hammanskraal in Gauteng, South Africa, experienced such an epidemic. A multifaceted approach is essential to minimise fatalities and effectively manage healthcare services in such health emergencies. This approach includes early detection, rapid response to contain outbreaks, and the effective deployment of technical support, advocacy, resource mobilisation and partnerships at local, national, and international levels. This paper explores the responsibilities of individuals, healthcare workers, communities and governments in addressing epidemics. It also delves into the concept of collective responsibility with regard to climate change and cholera, as part of the multifaceted approach for cholera prevention and control. While economic development, equal access to safe drinking water, and adequate sanitation are necessary for cholera control, major challenges persist in achieving the fundamental right to a healthy environment in the long term. We also discuss these obstacles and conclude with practical suggestions and recommendations for future cholera prevention.
The utility of brain natriuretic peptide as a prognosticating marker in critical care patients
Authors: Naidoo A , De Vasconcellos K
Published: December 2023

Background. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is an established biomarker of morbidity and mortality in cardiac failure. Data also suggest potential prognostic utility in non-heart failure cohorts. The utility of BNP in predicting intensive care unit (ICU) outcomes has not been well evaluated in a mixed critical care population in the South African (SA) context.
Objective. To evaluate the ability of BNP to predict ICU mortality in a heterogeneous critical care population in SA.
Methods. This was a retrospective observational study of 100 patients admitted to a multidisciplinary, closed, intensivist-run ICU in a tertiary academic hospital serving KwaZulu-Natal Province (1 January 2020 - 31 July 2022). Initial BNP was evaluated as a predictor of ICU mortality using univariate and multivariable analyses.
Results. There was a statistically significant difference in BNP between survivors and non-survivors in the cohort of patients without heart failure. The median initial BNP in the non-heart failure cohort was 411 (interquartile range (IQR) 116 - 848) ng/L in non-survivors, and 150 (44 - 356) ng/L in survivors (p=0.028). The optimal cut-off for BNP was determined as 366 ng/L. A BNP ≥366 ng/L was an independent predictor of ICU outcome.
Conclusion. This study highlights the potential utility of BNP as a predictor of ICU mortality in a heterogeneous ICU population, with the greatest utility in patients without heart failure. Further studies are required to confirm this finding.
A cross-country comparison of pig production systems performance: Evidence from EU countries
Authors: Troncoso Ricardo , Cabas Juan , Guesmi Bouali , Gil José María
Published: December 2023

This study estimates and analyze the technical efficiency of pork farms from five EU countries. The Generalized True Random-effects (GTRE) model was used to differentiate between persistent and transitory technical efficiency. The results show that elasticities are robust to various specifications. Spanish farms show the highest average efficiency score. In Denmark, Germany, France, and Poland, the most significant opportunities for growth are found in transitional efficiency. The degree of productive specialization in the five countries has a positive impact in the efficiency. In Denmark, Germany, and France, persistent efficiency has a positive association with the fraction of paid labor.
Determinantes de crédito agropecuario entre productores de leche en Colombia
Authors: Tique Evelyn Johana , Barrientos Fuentes Juan Carlos
Published: December 2023

Los productores de leche asociados en la provincia Ubaté (Colombia) se autoexcluyen del crédito agropecuario principalmente porque hay demasiados requisitos, papeleos y temor de no poder pagar el crédito o perder la garantía. A través de árboles de decisión se analizan los determinantes de la necesidad, solicitud y aprobación de crédito agropecuario. Los resultados indican que el sexo de los productores es el criterio que mejor separa los datos y determina los demás factores relacionados con las decisiones de crédito agropecuario: tenencia y área del predio, productividad, nivel educativo y la dificultad percibida de obtener crédito.
Mens sana in corpore sano. La razón y su salud
Authors: Scaglia Lara
Published: December 2023

Se suele considerar a Kant como el filósofo más relevante e influyente de la ilustración y defensor del valor de la razón. Esta etiqueta, sin embargo, podría llevar a una interpretación errónea de su enfoque: Kant, de hecho, no solamente afirma el valor universal de la razón, cuando es utilizada dentro sus límites, sino que estaba convencido del poder de la mente para contribuir o impedir unas funciones corpóreas vitales. En la primera parte de mi texto intentaré aportar argumentos textuales para mostrar que la razón no coincide con la conciencia del sujeto empírico psicológico. En un nivel trascendental, compartimos las mismas funciones, pero en un nivel empírico, estas funciones pueden funcionar de forma imperfecta y no sana. En la segunda parte, me centraré en la dimensión empírica del discurso de Kant sobre las facultades y el estatus de la psicología en su sistema. En la tercera parte, consideraré la nosología y etiología de las enfermedades de la mente - centrándome en particular en la causa social de dichas enfermedades tal y como se esboza en el Versuch - y finalmente consideraré algunos afectos que, según Kant, promueven la salud de forma natural, como el fenómeno de llorar. Estas consideraciones ofrecen pistas hacia una comprensión de la salud mental (o del corazón) como dependiente de la relación cuerpo, mente y entorno social. A partir de esto, se podrían impulsar algunas reconsideraciones sobre la visión general de Kant de la razón.
Leibniz and Kant on God
Authors: Gutschmidt Holger
Published: December 2023

Is Immanuel Kant’s critique of the proofs of God’s existence accurate? In order to answer this question, I analyse Leibniz’ proof in his “Monadology” and I determine the relation between the cosmological and the ontological version of this proof. Since Kant often refers (implicitly) to Leibniz’ argument, I examine Kant’s critique of rational theology in the Critique of Pure Reason in the light of Leibniz’ strategy. Kant’s critique of Leibniz’ argument is partly biased by his own concept of “transcendental idealism” and fails to reject it. On the other hand, many questions in Leibniz’ attempt remain still open.
Kant’s Critique of the Wolffian “Mathematical Method” and the Ontological Question of Principles in the Deutlichkeit (1764)
Authors: Segesta Jessica
Published: December 2023

This paper examines some key aspects of Kant’s critique of Wolffian mathematical method in the Deutlichkeit (1764). The aim is to show how the ontological question of principles underlies this critique. To do so, I will first show that Wolff identifies the mathematical method with a universal model of inquiry, which is based on the principles of rationalist ontology. I will therefore focus on a key element of this model, namely that of definition. In doing so, I will be able to show that it is precisely by looking at the process of definition that Kant makes his distinction between the synthetic model of mathematics and the analytic one of philosophy. Finally, I will show that for Kant, albeit differently, both these models are not reducible to the formal principles of rationalist ontology.
Proprietà privata, sovranità e diritto di escludere: la “disarmonia produttiva” di Kant
Authors: Picardi Roberta
Published: December 2023

This paper aims at shedding light on a thesis, which appears not to be fully and systematically developed in Reinhardt’sbook: the thesis that Kant stands in the way of the main streams of contemporary philosophical-political debate, insofaras his legal-political philosophy allows for a fundamental questioning of the nexus between private property,sovereignty and the right of exclusion. To this end, one will firstly show how Reinhardt interprets the articulationbetween the three terms - land ownership, sovereignty, and the right of exclusion - by collecting the references to thissubject scattered throughout her book (§1). On the basis of this reconstruction, the essay will critically focus on twopoints: on the one hand, the nexus between private land ownership and "public space" (§ 2); on the other hand, thestatus of "provisional possession" in Kantian legal philosophy (§ 3).In conclusion, one will summon up the results of the analysis in order to put forward the distinctive features of Kant’sdeduction of property rights which allows to critically rethink the triad ownership/ sovereignty and exclusion.
Phase-field simulation on fission gas release behavior of large grain UO2 fuel
Authors: Liu Dong-Kun , Wang Qing-Yu , Zhang Tian , Zhou Yu , Wang Xiang ,   College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
Published: December 2023

In order to predict the release behavior of fission gas in large grain UO2 fuel and provide support for the development of accident tolerant fuel, a phase-field model is used to simulate the release behavior of fission gas in the microstructure of UO2 polycrystalline in this work. This model adopts a set of coupled Cahn-Hilliard equations and Allen-Cahn equations, using conserved field variables to represent the distribution of fission gas and vacancies, and distinguishing bubble phase from matrix phase by using order parameters. This model focuses on investigating the effects of different grain sizes, temperature conditions, and diffusion coefficients on the release behavior of fission gas, demonstrating the nucleation, growth, and fusion behavior of bubbles. Simulation results are obtained for fuel porosity, bubble coverage on grain boundaries, and average bubble radius at a certain degree of burnup. The results show that temperature and diffusion coefficient have a significant influence on porosity and bubble coverage on grain boundaries. When the diffusion coefficient is high, grain size also has a significant influence on fission gas release behavior. And when the diffusion coefficient is low, the influence of grain size is not significant. In addition, the distribution of fission gas bubbles under high burnup obtained through this model is also in good agreement with experimental result. The model can predict the behavior of fission gas release in large grain UO2 fuel.
Theoretical study of influence of laser pulse chirp on terahertz emission characteristics of gas induced by two-color laser field
Authors: Li Han-Nan , Peng Yan ,   Terahertz Spectral and Imaging Technology Collaborative Innovation Center, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Published: December 2023

With the development of terahertz (THz) wave research, the demand for controllable THz sources is increasing. How to obtain the regulated THz waves has been one of the research hotspots and key problem in the field of THz science. There have been researches in which the resulting THz wave is modulated by changing the wavelength, relative phase, energy, or chirp of the laser produced by a two-color laser. In this work, we establish a three-dimensional theoretical model of THz wave generation and subsequent propagation induced by two-color laser. And we investigate the influence of chirp modulation of different laser on THz wave by chirp modulation of the fundamental wave (FW) and the second harmonic wave (SHW) of two-color laser, including THz wave amplitude, THz wave center frequency and spectrum width, and analyze the physical mechanism of related phenomena. At the same time, the effects of different orders of magnitudes of laser chirp parameters (femtosecond and picosecond) and initial phase of laser pulse on THz wave parameters are also studied. The results are shown below. 1) In the two-color laser, the chirp of FW mainly affects the shape of THz wave when the initial phase is unchanged. The chirp modulation of SHW can cause the amplitude of THz wave to change significantly, and affect the center frequency and spectrum width of THz waves. 2) In the case of laser pulse width of femtosecond order, 40 fs is taken as an example. When the chirp parameter is of femtosecond magnitude, the chirp parameter has a great influence on the THz wave generation efficiency of two-color laser filament. At the picosecond magnitude, the chirp parameter has a weak effect on the THz wave energy and mainly affects the phase of the THz wave. 3) The initial phase of the two-color laser can aid in chirp modulation of THz wave to optimize the energy generated. 4) The initial phase of two-color laser can assist in the process of chirped laser modulation of terahertz waves to optimize the energy generated. Our research shows that the chirp modulation, as a controllable parameter, has multiple regulation effect on the properties of radiated THz waves. The related research results provide a new idea and basis for studying the generation and regulation of THz waves.
Microglia facilitate and stabilize the response to general anesthesia via modulating the neuronal network in a brain region-specific manner
Authors: He Yang , Liu Taohui , He Quansheng , Ke Wei , Li Xiaoyu , Du Jinjin , Deng Suixin , Shu Zhenfeng , Wu Jialin , Yang Baozhi , Wang Yuqing , Mao Ying , Rao Yanxia , Shu Yousheng , Peng Bo
Published: December 2023

General anesthesia leads to a loss of consciousness and an unrousable state in patients. Although general anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The potential involvement of nonneuronal cells is unknown. Microglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play critical roles in CNS function and dysfunction. We unintentionally observed delayed anesthesia induction and early anesthesia emergence in microglia-depleted mice. We found that microglial depletion differentially regulates neuronal activities by suppressing the neuronal network of anesthesia-activated brain regions and activating emergence-activated brain regions. Thus, microglia facilitate and stabilize the anesthesia status. This influence is not mediated by dendritic spine plasticity. Instead, it relies on the activation of microglial P2Y12 and subsequent calcium influx, which facilitates the general anesthesia response. Together, we elucidate the regulatory role of microglia in general anesthesia, extending our knowledge of how nonneuronal cells modulate neuronal activities.
Management of Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer through Ayurveda: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Kuchewar Vaishali , Yadav Tanika
Published: December 2023

Cancer is a condition where abnormal cells multiply uncontrollably and can invade nearby tissues. Only 30% of women with ovarian cancer can expect to live for more than 5 years, as 70% of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Ovarian malignancies account for about 15 to 20% of genital malignancies. Surgical intervention and chemotherapy are conventional measures used to treat these conditions. However, due to the specific side effects of chemotherapy, there is a high demand for safer ayurvedic interventions. Hereby, the authors present, a 54-year-old female patient who was diagnosed with ovarian cancer and advised to undergo chemotherapy. After completing six cycles of chemotherapy, administered once every four weeks for six months, the patient experienced complaints of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, and a burning sensation in the stomach and lower limbs. Despite taking antacids and other suggested medications by the oncologist, the symptoms did not subside. Therefore, the patient sought ayurvedic treatment. Shaman Ayurvedic Chikitsa (Jawahar Mohra Pisti, Keharva Pisti, Swarna Makshik, Mukta Pisti), Shatavari Ghrita, Turmeric Kwath, and Pathya Vihar were prescribed for three consecutive months. After 5-7 days, the patient noticed significant relief in the aforementioned symptoms and felt better. The frequency of vomiting, complaints of anorexia, and burning sensation were also significantly reduced. After three months of ayurvedic treatment, the functions of Apana Vayu, Samana Vayu, and Pachaka Pitta were normalised through appropriate treatment. The selected combination of ayurvedic medicines provided relief due to their Vata-Pitta Shamak, Sheeta guna, and Pittahara properties, which alleviated the burning sensation. In present case report, the aforementioned ayurvedic prescription significantly reduced the adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy due to its Vata-Pitta Shamak and Pittahara properties.
Assessing the Diversity of Metazoan Parasites of Sarotherodon melanotheron (Cichlidae) from Inlands Waters in Southern Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Bouko Bernadin , Tossavi Nounagnon Darius , Gandé Jijoho J. Gospel , Onzo Ablavi Aboki , Zannou Tadjida Bienvenu , Ibikounlé Moudachirou
Published: December 2023

Aims: This paper presents a snapshot of the metazoan parasite fauna of Sarotherodon melanotheron collected from two stations across lake Nokoué.

Study Design: Fish samplings were done at the landing stage of Lake Nokoué (sampling site 1) and Tota (sampling site 2) from october 2016 to march 2017. Water physicochemical parameters such as pH, salinity, temperature, and conductivity were measured monthly. 

Methodology: A total of 246 specimens of Sarotherodon melanotheron comprising 149 males and 97 females were investigated. Size and weight were measured. Then,fish were dissected and parasites were checked in several organs. Collected parasite were identified using adequate keys of identification. The chi square test was used to compare the prevalence of different parasite groups whereas Student T-test was applied to assess difference between parasite mean abundance within the two sampling stations. The pearson correlation coefficient was used to appraise possible influence of water parameters on parasite prevalence.

Results: The total prevalence was 86.58%. Eight parasite species were collected belonging to Myxosporidia, Monogena, Digena, Cestoda, Acanthocephala and Copepoda. Epidemiological parameters were calculated in order to appreciate the diversity of the parasitofauna according to sampling site, sex, and fish size. Females were significantly more infected than males (χ2 = 10.093; p < .05). Among the parasites, only monogenean prevalence (41.46%) was significantly different (χ2 = 149.645; p < .05). Correlation between physicochemical parameters and the prevalence of parasite groups showed that monogenea and cestoda were the most abundant in rainy season in opposite to the Digena that are mainly recorded in the dry season.
Estimates of Phenotypic and Genotypic Variance and Heritability in Eighty-Nine Bambara Groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt] Accessions Collected from Six Regions of Niger
Authors: Ibrahim Abdou Zakary Yaou , Fanna Maina , Amadou Harouna Issa , Aichatou Assoumane , Mohamed Ali Malam Labo , Agali Alhassane , Sani Idi Saidou
Published: December 2023

The bambara groundnut [Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae)] is a legume mainly cultivated by women, for the nutritional quality of these seeds. It is a so-called minor culture and the improvement of the plant and its popularization remains to be promoted. The objective of this present work is to evaluate the genetic variability of bambara groundnut accessions. The experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized block device with four replications. Twenty-two (22) characters including four (4) phenological, four (4) morphological and fourteen (14) related to yield were evaluated for accessions characterization. Descriptive analysis showed significant differences. The coefficients of variation ranged from 3.51% (maturity date) to 38.87% (shell weight). Significantly high values (CV˃20%) for 8 of the metric parameters were observed. Pod weight per plant and seed weight per plant (r=0.943), yield in kg/ha (r=0.943); seed weight per plant and yield in kg/ha (r=0.999) showed the strongest correlations. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for dry biomass weight (PCV=42.23%; GCV=28.40%), shell weight (PCV=63.46%; GCV=22.46%) and 100-seed weight (PCV=25.57%; GCV=25.25%). Maturity date (95.77%) and 100-seed weight (99.84%) had high heritabilities. Broad-sense heritability and genetic gain are high for 100-seed weight (H2=99.84%; GA=52.58%). The Ascending hierarchical classification produced four groups of which group 4 is the most efficient in yield with short (20.58cm) early accessions (80.32 days). Groups 1 and 2 include, late accessions (~22cm) with respectively maturity dates (DM=85.67 days and DM=86.53 days.
Phytoremedation: An Effective Way to Treat Heavy Metal Contamination- A Review
Authors: Rasool Faisul Ur , Ahmad Latief , Hassan Amir , Iqbal Shahida , Sofi Muneer Ahmad
Published: December 2023

Over the years there has been a drastic increase in heavy metal contamination in the soil due to a number of natural and industrial processes. As these heavy metals are non-biodegradable in nature, they remain in the environment for long periods of time and may infiltrate into the food chain through plants and eventually get accumulated in the human body via biomagnification. Because of their poisonous nature, they pose a major threat to human health and environment. Therefore, the process of cleaning up of this contamination from the environment is of great significance. Phytoremediation, an ecologically viable process, can be a very good mitigation strategy to rid the soil from this heavy metal pollution. Though phytoremediation is not capable of completely removing dangerous pollutants, it has no deleterious effect on the ecosystem as it is an environment friendly, cost-effective, and natural process. Different plants, the majority of which belong to the Brassicaceae family, that are used in the phytoremediation process are referred to as hyper accumulators. The efficacy of phytoremediation can be improved by having deeper knowledge and understanding of different mechanisms contributing to heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in plants. Different mechanisms such as phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytovolatilization, and rhizofiltration have been employed to reduce contamination of heavy metals in the soil. Among these, the first and second mechanisms are the most dependable. A number of factors are taken into consideration for choosing the most appropriate phytoremediation strategy for soil decontamination. There are a number of factors that influence the phytoremediation process which include the types of contaminants, their characteristics and the selection of plant species. Other factors to consider include climatic conditions, flooding and ageing, the effect of salt on the process, soil variables and the redox potential.
Knowledge of Air Pollution and its Predictors among Traders in Douglas Market, Imo State, South–Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Oluoha R. U.  , Offiong A. A.  , Nzomiwu D. C.  , Nsodukwa C. O.
Published: December 2023

Background: Air pollution is currently a major threat globally, particularly in a developing country such as Nigeria. With its dire implication for human health, it is imperative to study and understand the knowledge and contributory practices of the populace as key to the development of necessary intervention measures.

Aims and Objectives: To assess knowledge and its predictors, also contributory practices towards air pollution among traders in Douglas Market, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Methodology: A cross – sectional analytical design using a combination of cluster and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 200 participants. Data was collected using a pretested semi – structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done with frequencies and summary statistics. Chi square statistics were computed to determine significant relationship and simple binary regression was used to determine predictors of knowledge of air pollution. The p – value was set at 0.05 significance level.

Result: The mean age of the respondents was 36.2 ± 10.4 years with a slightly higher female proportion (59.0%). Almost all the respondents (97.9%) are aware of air pollution and the most common sources of information were the social media (38.8%) and the internet (23.2%). Respondents with good knowledge of air pollution in this study stood at 84.1%. Use of generators (73.5%) was the most common source of air pollution among the study participants. Factors significantly associated with knowledge of air pollution were age (p = 0.0000), marital status (p = 0.0192) and level of education (p = 0.0000). Predictors of poor knowledge of air pollution were: being within the ages of 42 – 49 years (OR: 27.33) and having non – formal education (OR: 32.50).

Conclusion: There is overall good knowledge of air pollution, however there was still relatively low knowledge in the less educated and elderly populace. This should inform policy making with targeted advocacy towards the education and guidance of people to become knowledgeable about air pollution and related health risks. Also efficient generation and supply of power will reduce the use of generators.
Investigation of Hepatic and Renal Parameters Content in Blood Samples of Snuff Addicted Individuals in Gusau Metropolis
Authors: Muttaka Auwalu , Usman Jafar
Published: December 2023

In Nigeria, the use of dry nasal snuff is spreading considerably throughout all age groups in both rural and urban areas. This is due to various ethno-cultural beliefs that have not been scientifically confirmed. Various people do not realize the negative impact of snuff on one's health, such as liver and kidneys failure, elevation of blood pressure, and a higher chance of oral cancer. The hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of the local nasal snuff on snuff addicted individual was poorly understood. This study was carried out on snuff addicted individuals to assess hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of the local nasal snuff. One hundred and fifty individuals used in the study were group into three of fifty people each. Group one served as a control which include individuals who never use snuff, Groups two and three comprise individuals who are addicted to snuff, with ages ranging from 18 to 30, and above thirty, respectively. The hepatotoxicity study revealed that, there were significant (p<0.05) increase in concentration of  ALT, AST, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin of group two and group three compared with control. The concentration of ALT, AST, Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin of group three were also significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of group two. While there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in concentration of total protein and albumin in group two and three compared with control. The nephrotoxicity study revealed that, there were significant (p<0.05) increase in concentration of creatinine of group two and group three compared with control. The concentration of creatinine in group three was even significantly higher than that of group two. Whereas, there were significant (p<0.05) decrease in concentration of Urea, Sodium, Potassium and Chlorine in group two and three compared with control. This study was concluded that, there was health risks (Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity) associated with snuff addiction.
Injecting Quality Care: Syringes and their Impact on Precision Medicine in Healthcare
Authors: Sharma Akash , Prakash Chandra , Vora Ankur
Published: December 2023

This paper explores the pivotal role of syringes in the era of precision medicine, shedding light on their historical significance, technological advancements, and the profound impact they have on healthcare quality. By delving into the design features of precision syringes and their application in various medical fields, this paper aims to underline the critical role these instruments play in achieving optimal patient outcomes. The discussion also addresses challenges, solutions, and the regulatory landscape, offering a comprehensive overview of the synergy between syringes and precision medicine.
Hardiness personality and associated factors in professors of undergraduate health courses / Personalidade hardiness e fatores associados em docentes de cursos de graduação da área da saúde
Authors: Alves Ana Paula de Oliveira Nascimento , Da Silva Junior Rene Ferreira , Souza Santos Lara Isabella , Siqueira Leila das Graças , Oliveira e Silva Carla Silvana de , Perez Dias Ana Catarina
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à personalidade hardiness entre docentes atuantes no ensino superior de uma instituição federal de ensino. Método: estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico com 88 docentes dos cursos de graduação da área de saúde da instituição. Como instrumento, utilizou-se a escala hardiness associada a um questionário para investigar as características sociodemográficas e ocupacionais. Resultados: evidenciou-se hardiness moderado a alto entre os docentes e essa personalidade esteve associada a variáveis como ter filhos, ter tirado férias no último ano, não ter feito uso de remédios controlados no último ano e não apresentar diagnóstico de distúrbio de ansiedade, ou seja, exibiam padrões de resiliência relacionados a uma condição de enfrentamento frente ao estresse. Conclusão: os docentes que exibiam resistência ocupacional apresentavam fatores protetores importantes para a sua saúde, além disso, colaboravam para que o ambiente de trabalho se tornasse mais harmônico, podendo favorer o processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Educational booklet with guidelines on the main injectable drugs in pediatrics: validation study / Cartilha educativa com orientações acerca dos principais medicamentos injetáveis em pediatria: estudo de validação
Authors: Da Silva Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana , Alves Daniel Nascimento , Amarante Luiz Henrique , Góes Fernanda Garcia Bezerra , Correia Gabrielle dos Santos , Silvério Marcelo Silva
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: construir e validar uma cartilha educativa com orientações acerca dos principais medicamentos injetáveis utilizados em pediatria. Método: estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em seis etapas, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, entre julho de 2019 e abril de 2021. A validação foi realizada com 20 especialistas com experiência profissional anterior em terapia medicamentosa, selecionados por conveniência. Para validação utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, cujos índices deveriam ser maiores ou iguais a 80%. Resultados: a cartilha construída intitulada: “cartilha para o uso correto dos principais medicamentos injetáveis em pediatria” foi validada com o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo geral de 99,2% para os quatro domínios avaliados e uma variação de 95 e 100% entre os itens avaliados individualmente. Conclusão: a cartilha acerca dos principais medicamentos injetáveis foi considerada uma tecnologia educacional em saúde, válida, atrativa e inovadora, capaz de ampliar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros pediatras de modo prático e acessível.
Linear accelerator maintenance cost analysis
Authors: Carlone Marco , Beckham Wayne , Duzenli Cheryl , Kohli Kirpal , Tyldesley Scott
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Medical linear accelerators are the most costly standard equipment used in radiation oncology, however the service costs for these machines are not well understood. With an increasing demand for linear accelerators due to a global increase in cancer incidence, it is important to understand the expected maintenance costs of a larger global installed base so that these costs can be incorporated into budgeting. The purpose of this investigation is to analyze the costs for medical linear accelerator service and maintenance at our institution, in order to estimate the service cost ratio.

Methods

We collected the costs of parts used for all service work done on 32 medical linear accelerators over a two year period. The data was segregated by center, machine, linear accelerator type, and failure area in the machine.

Results

We found the service cost ratio (excluding software support expenses) to be 3.13% [2.74%, 3.52%,]. We observed a variability of parts costs, and overall variability of the service cost ratio to be between 2.14% and 5.25%. This result is lower than other estimates for service costs for medical equipment in general and medical linear accelerators specifically. Two‐thirds of the service costs were due to labor costs, which indicate the importance of a well‐trained service technician workforce.

Conclusions

We estimated the service cost ratio for medical linear accelerators to be 3.13% [3.52%, 2.74%] of the initial capital cost. This result was lower than other estimates of the service cost ratio.
Toughness and High‐Electromagnetic‐Shielding CPM Composite Film with Multilayer Sandwich Structure Based on Mxene
Authors: Li Shuokang , Ma Zhenfang , Wang Lili , Li Xiangyu
Published: December 2023

Electromagnetic shielding (EMI) films with excellent EMI and mechanical performances has been a hotspot in the EMI field. Herein, CNF/PDA@MXene (CPM) composite films exhibiting satisfactory mechanical and EMI properties are fabricated via vacuum filtration using PDA@MXene as the shielding layer and CNF/PDA as the mechanical layer. Results revealed that the optimal mass ratio of MXene to hydroxytyramine (DA) is 100:6 and that of CNF to DA is 70:30. The optimal arrangement is comprised by two layers of CNF/PDA and one layer of PDA@MXene. The breaking strength, breaking elongation, and toughness of the CPM composite film are 198.0 MPa, 2.9%, and 3.22 MJ m−3, which increased by 27.4, 3.5, and 106 times compared to those of a pure MXene film, respectively. Furthermore, the EMI efficiency of the CPM composite film reached 46.1 dB. Moreover, the EMI performance of the CPM composite film exhibited only slight changes under the conditions of ultrasonic shock, humid environment, and bending for 1000 times.