bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ÍNDICE DE SUSTENTABILIDADE AMBIENTAL DOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS, 2010 E 2014
Authors: Oliveira Renata Benício de , Sousa Eliane Pinheiro de
Published: July 2020

Os indicadores de sustentabilidade ambiental se configuram como instrumentos fundamentais para avaliar o impacto do desenvolvimento humano sobre o meio ambiente e auxiliar os governantes na gestão e conservação dos recursos naturais. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetiva mensurar o índice de sustentabilidade ambiental dos estados brasileiros para 2010 e 2014. Para isso, empregou-se o modelo de análise fatorial exploratória, pelos componentes principais. Os resultados mostraram que os estados de Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Pará e São Paulo registraram um nível de sustentabilidade ambiental aceitável, conforme os parâmetros estabelecidos, nos dois anos analisados. Além desses, em 2014, o Rio Grande do Sul também passou a ter essa classificação. Por outro lado, em ambos os anos, nove unidades federativas, pertencentes às regiões Norte e Nordeste, obtiveram um nível de sustentabilidade ambiental considerado crítico. Assim, concluiu-se que a existência de uma parceria entre a sociedade, os agentes privados e o setor público, em prol da conservação da natureza, é fundamental, a fim de reverter a situação do meio ambiente.
ORÇAMENTO DAS EMISSÕES DE GASES DE EFEITO ESTUFA ASSOCIADAS ÀS OBRAS RODOVIÁRIAS: METODOLOGIA GEETRANSPORT
Authors: Francisconi Junior José Pedro , Reis Marcelo De Miranda , Amorim José Carlos Cesar , Valente Amir Mattar , Francisco Isis Assoni Machado
Published: July 2020

São analisados o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia para estimativa de emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) em obras rodoviárias e sua aplicação na construção de uma rodovia localizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). A metodologia, GEETRANSPORT, utiliza como base de cálculo as informações do projeto de engenharia rodoviária – padrão Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transporte (DNIT). Como resultado, foi desenvolvida a metodologia para realização do orçamento das emissões de GEE no momento da execução da obra, característica ex-ante, de qualquer projeto de engenharia que utiliza as composições de serviços padrão DNIT. O GEETRANSPORT foi aplicado no projeto de engenharia de construção da BR 356/RJ com extensão de 12,5 km. Foi estimada a emissão de 4.002.183,34 kgCO2e, sendo as 3 maiores categorias de emissão as atividades relacionadas a terraplenagem (33 %), pavimentação (30 %) e transporte (29 %). Em conclusão, o uso do GEETRANSPORT proporciona aos tomadores de decisão informações para as fases de planejamento e projeto, com vistas a proporcionar empreendimentos de baixo carbono nas fases de construção e operação e pode ser facilmente adaptado para outros países com o uso das suas definições de composições dos serviços constantes nos projetos de engenharia.
ANÁLISE AMBIENTAL DAS ATIVIDADES DE MINERAÇÃO DA PEDRA CARIRI NO MUNICÍPIO DE NOVA OLINDA – CE
Authors: Mendes Moraes Antônio Hígor , Ferreira Alencar de Oliveira Janeide , Alves Marinho Jefferson Luiz , Da Silva Januário Thays Lorranny
Published: July 2020

Objetivou-se identificar e avaliar os malefícios ambientais causados pelas atividades de extração mineral da Pedra Cariri no município de Nova Olinda, Ceará, e propor propostas de medidas mitigadoras aos impactos da atividade. Este artigo classifica-se como uma pesquisa de campo de caráter exploratório e abordagem qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado na zona rural do município de Nova Olinda, nos sítios Massapê e Pedra Branca na região do Cariri. A avaliação dos impactos ambientais foi baseada no caráter do dano. Com as ferramentas utilizadas foi possível verificar os danos ecológicos causados desde a abertura das frentes de lavra à comercialização do produto final. Os maiores impactos encontrados foram: a poluição ambiental, o uso incorreto dos recursos naturais e destruição de fósseis. Para que haja uma minimização dos impactos ambientais, é preciso realizar treinamentos em gestão ambiental para que todos os envolvidos se conscientizem da importância do descarte adequado e legal de todos os materiais danosos ao ecossistema.
ANÁLISE DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS: ESTUDO DE CASO NO CONJUNTO RESIDENCIAL JÚLIO ZACHARIAS
Authors: Santana Maria Júlia Bonfim , Biluca Juliana
Published: July 2020

A gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU), necessitam, primeiramente do diagnóstico da situação atual, analisando quali e quantitativamente a geração e as falhas no sistema adotado. Com o objetivo de diagnosticar a situação do município de Nova Esperança – PR o presente estudo realizou uma análise quantitativa, estimando a geração per capita, com dados do total coletado pela municipalidade. Outra análise mais aprofundada foi realizada no Conjunto Residencial Júlio Zacharias, por meio da aplicação de um questionário, visando identificar o nível de instrução dos moradores em questões relacionadas aos resíduos sólidos, e, para fins de caracterização, foi realizada uma análise gravimétrica dos resíduos passíveis de reciclagem gerados no bairro. Por meio da análise quantitativa, verificou-se a geração per capita de resíduos do município de Nova Esperança-PR sendo de aproximadamente 0,617 kg/hab.dia. Em relação ao questionário aplicado, a grande maioria dos entrevistados afirmou realizar a segregação dos resíduos entre seco e úmido, no entanto, há uma parcela dos residentes que afirmaram destinar certos tipos de resíduos considerados rejeitos, juntamente com os recicláveis. Enquanto a análise gravimétrica dos resíduos encaminhados a cooperativa, constatou que o material predominante é papel/papelão com 31,87 %, em seguida o plástico com 29,9 %, destacando que ainda 12,74 % são rejeitos, devido à falta de instrução a população.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS RISCOS AMBIENTAIS EM COMÉRCIO VAREJISTA DE COMBUSTÍVEIS DE NOVO HAMBURGO/RS.
Authors: Herzer Eduardo , Francisco Ângelo Martins Muganiua , Pol Jeferson Jeldoci , Schreiber Dusan
Published: July 2020

A atividade de revenda de combustíveis pode causar impactos ambientais significativos decorrentes da manipulação de produtos químicos que são consideradas potenciais poluidora dos recursos naturais e da saúde humana. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a gestão dos riscos ambientais de um Posto de Combustível de Novo Hamburgo por meio de uma Análise Preliminar de Riscos. As evidências empíricas foram obtidas por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com o gestor operacional, observação não participante e levantamento documental, que facultaram a realização da análise preliminar de riscos. Constatou-se a existência de um conjunto de atividades operacionais voltadas para o gerenciamento ambiental. Entre os riscos ambientais melhor gerenciados, destaca-se o risco de incêndio, uma vez que coloca em risco a vida não apenas dos funcionários e dos clientes, mas também da comunidade do entorno.
ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA DA PRECIPITAÇÃO NA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA DO SISTEMA DE MACRODRENAGEM DE BACIAS URBANAS
Authors: Camelo Sinara Martins , Coura Mônica De Amorim , Rodrigues Andréa Carla Lima , Vidal Iana Chaiene De Araujo , Da Costa Filho Francisco Das Chagas
Published: July 2020

O Decreto nº 7.217/2010, regulamentador da lei 11.445/2007 de Saneamento básico no Brasil, estabelece que, assim com os outros serviços públicos de saneamento, o manejo de águas pluviais deve ser realizado de forma adequada à saúde pública e à proteção do meio ambiente e deve possuir infraestrutura exclusiva e independente. No entanto, apesar da adoção de sistemas separados, conexões ilegais de esgoto no sistema de drenagem são frequentes. Nos períodos secos, onde quase não ocorrem precipitações ou, quando ocorrem, o volume total precipitado é muito baixo, existe dentro das galerias de drenagem apenas uma pequena lâmina d’água proveniente das ligações clandestinas de esgoto entre as redes. O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar a magnitude da influência do volume de água de chuva na carga de poluentes presentes no escoamento veiculado pela rede de macrodrenagem urbana através do monitoramento de uma bacia urbana, situada na cidade de Campina Grande – PB. Foram avaliados parâmetros distintos de qualidade e quantidade da água para distinguir o nível de deterioração da água em relação ao período seco e chuvoso. Através da análise do comportamento das concentrações dos poluentes, constatou-se que as maiores concentrações são encontradas durante períodos secos. Foi observado também que a poluição na Bacia Hidrográfica Riacho do Prado aumentou durante o intervalo de tempo entre os estudos.
GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION IN DETERMINING PRICES ACCORDING TO IBN TAIMIYAH’S
Authors: Nurfaizah Khanifah
Published: July 2020

Government intervention in pricing, has always been debated among economists. Islam as a religion which the last has a good economic outlook in terms of micro, macro as well as domestic scale, regional and even international. Prophet was the first in Taimiyah’s book by the public regarding the intervention price, at the time of the Prophet give answers like the following hadith "From Anas bin Malik, he said: the price of goods once expensive at the time of the Prophet. then people said: Messenger of Allah, the prices to be expensive, set a standard price for us, the Messenger of Allah said: Surely it is God who sets the price, holding and distributing rizki, and indeed just hoped that I could meet Allah in a state no one among you who prosecute me because of the injustice in the bloodshed (killer) and treasures. "(HR. Abu Dawud, Ahmad, Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah)" based on the tradition is causing debate among scientists, they have a different view of these traditions. One of them Muslim scientist Ibn Taymiyyah who see his government intervention in pricing, Ibn Taymiyyah was found Ibn Taymiyyah, found the price to be considered by the forces of supply and demand. Due to a shortfall in production or a decrease in imports of goods requested. So, if the need to increase the number of goods, while the ability to provide it decreases, prices will naturally increased. Determines prices by Ibn Taymiyyah can be divided into two types, namely injustice and tyranny of elements. found the price to be considered by the forces of supply and demand. due to a shortfallin production or a decrease in imports of goods requested. So, if the need to increase the number of goods, while the ability to provide it decreases, prices will naturally increased. Determines prices by Ibn Taymiyyah can be divided into two types, namely injustice and tyranny of elements. found the price to be considered by the forces of supply and demand. due to a shortfall in production or a decrease in imports of goods requested. So, if the need to increase the number of goods, while the ability to provide it decreases, prices will naturally increased. Determines prices by Ibn Taymiyyah can be divided into two types, namely injustice and tyranny of elements. Intervention pricing allowed even obligatory in Islam for the benefit of welfaresociety.
Trends in the evolution to robot-assisted minimally invasive thoracoscopic esophagectomy
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Motoyama Satoru , Sato Yusuke , Wakita Akiyuki , Kawakita Yuta , Nagaki Yushi , Fujita Hiromu , Imai Kazuhiro , Minamiya Yoshihiro
Published: July 2020

Much effort has been made to improve outcomes and/or minimize the invasiveness of esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal cancer. This has led to the evolution from open esophagectomy to thoracoscopic minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE), and from MIE to robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy (RAMIE). RAMIE is being applied clinically to overcome the limitations of MIE. In this article, we review the trends in the evolution from thoracoscopic MIE to RAMIE. It has now been demonstrated that RAMIE is both safe and feasible, and may decrease morbidity and mortality rates associated with esophagectomy and improve oncological outcomes. On the other hand, there are still many problems that need to be solved.
Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores e a Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável
Authors: Arantes Araújo Ana Beatriz , Oliveira Machado Lucas , Maia Alves Ferreira Marrielle
Published: July 2020

O artigo investiga o papel das Entidades Fiscalizadoras Superiores (EFS) no acompanhamento da implementação da Agenda 2030. Para tanto, apresenta-se um estudo exploratório da atuação do Tribunal de Contas da União do Brasil no tema, o engajamento do órgão com organizações internacionais, e a sua atuação doméstica. Explora-se as quatro auditorias realizadas pelo órgão sobre a implementação de metas da Agenda 2030, entre 2015 e 2019. Os resultados permitem conclusões sobre o papel desempenhado na observância da adoção dos parâmetros internacionais. Também conclui-se que a Agenda 2030 reforça o mandato e a responsabilidade das EFS.
How The Mammalian Sleep Was Born
Authors: Rial Rubén V. , Canellas Francesca , Gamundi Antoni , Akaârir Mourad , Nicollau M. Cristina , Martí-Reina Aida , Rubiño José A. , Barceló Pere
Published: July 2020

The Nocturnal Bottleneck explains how mammals evolved from their reptilian ancestors after inverting the chronotype, form diurnal to nocturnal. Pre-mammals traded-off the excellent visual system of their ancestors for improvements in audition and in olfactory telencephalon, needed for efficient orientation in the dark. This was how the mammalian nocturnal telencephalic wakefulness was born. However, the modified visual system of those pre-mammals became sensitive to the dangerous diurnal light and the exposure would involve a high risk of blindness and death. Therefore, pre-mammals had to remain immobile with closed eyes hidden in lightproof burrows during light time. This was the birth of the mammalian sleep. Typical reptiles distribute their wake time cycling between Basking Behavior, to attain the preferred body temperature, and poikilothermic Goal Directed Behavior, to perform life sustaining tasks. These cycles persisted during the new mammalian sleep. However, as the behavioral output had to be blocked during light time, the paralyzed reptilian Basking Behavior and Goal Directed Behavior cycles became the NREM and REM cycles, respectively. This was how NREM and REM cycles remained incorporated within the mammalian sleep. After the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction, the environmental pressure for nocturnal life was softened, allowing high variability in chronotype and sleeping patterns. This permitted some mammalian groups, e.g., primates, to begin the quest for diurnal wake.Concluding, sleep constituted an additional bottleneck in the mammalian evolution. The reduced population of pre-mammals that was able to develop sleep during light time, including NREM and REM, became full mammals and survived; the remainder perished.
miR-142-3p Reduces the Size, Migration and Contractility of Endometrial and Endometriotic Stromal Cells by Targeting Integrin- and Rho GTPase-related Pathways that Regulate Cytoskeletal Function
Authors: Börschel Christin S. , Stejskalova Anna , Schäfer Sebastian D. , Kiesel Ludwig , Götte Martin
Published: July 2020

Downregulated microRNA-142-3p signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of endometriosis [1] [2], an invasive disease where the lining of the uterus grows at ectopic locations, by yet incompletely understood mechanisms. Using bioinformatics and in vitro assays, this study identifies cytoskeletal regulation and integrin signaling as two relevant categories of miR-142-3p targets. qPCR revealed that miR-142-3p upregulation in St-T1b cells downregulates ROCK2, CFL2, RAC1, WASL and ITGAV. qPCR and Western-blotting showed miR-142-3p effect on WASL and ITGAV was significant also in primary endometriotic stroma cells. Luciferase reporter assays in ST-T1b cells then confirmed direct regulation of ITGAV and WASL. On the functional side, miR-142-3p upregulation significantly reduced ST-T1b cell size, the size of vinculin plaques, migration through fibronectin-coated transwell filters and the ability of ST-T1b and primary endometriotic stroma cells to contract collagen I gels. These results suggest that miR-142-3p has a strong mechanoregulatory effect on endometrial stroma cells and its external administration reduces the invasive endometrial phenotype. Within the limits of an in vitro investigation, our study provides new mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of endometriosis and provides a perspective for the development of miR-142-3p based drugs for inhibiting invasive growth of endometriotic cells.
Genesis of Two Types of Carbonaceous Material and Associated with Gold Mineralization in the Bumo Deposit, Hainan Province, South China
Authors: Ding Zhengpeng , Deng Teng , Xu Deru , Li Zenghua , Zou Shaohao , Li Lirong , Xu Ke , Hai Yan
Published: July 2020

Carbonaceous material (CM) is common in meta-sediments and is generally interpreted to be intimately associated with gold mineralization. For the Bumo deposit in Hainan Province, South China, CM is mainly hosted by greenschist facies- to amphibolite-facies metamophic rocks of the Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic Baoban Group and by auriferous veins and is used as an important gold prospecting indicator. However, the genesis of CM and the relationship with gold mineralization are still not clear. Field work and thin section observation indicates that two types of CM occur, i.e., layered and veinlet. Layered CM, up to meters thick, prevails in the deposit. More importantly, Au-bearing sulfides are commonly distributed along the boundary between the quartz veins and layered CM. In contrast, veinlet CM, co-precipitated with gold and sulfides, has the thickness of micro- to centi- meters, and these thin veins occur in quartz veins and hydrothermally altered rocks. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis indicates that layered CM has a stringy shape and laminate structure, while veinlet CM occurs as isometric particles. Raman carbonaceous material geothermometer indicates that layered CM with high maturity is formed at elevated temperatures of 400 – 550°C, consistent with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. In contrast, veinlet CM with low maturity is formed at 200 – 350°C, generally consistent with gold mineralization. In addition, layered CM has δ13C values ranging from -30 to -20%, demonstrating a biogenic origin. Consequently, it is interpreted that layered CM is formed by a pre-ore metamorphic event during Caledonian, and its reducing nature promotes gold precipitation via destabilization of aqueous Au bisulfide complexes or facilitating sulfidation. Veinlet CM is hydrothermal origin, and its precipitation modified the chemical conditions of ore fluids, leading to the destabilization of Au complexes and thus favorable for mineralization.
Preventing Laboratory-acquired Brucellosis in the Era of MALDI-TOF Technology and Molecular Tests
Authors: Yagupsky Pablo
Published: July 2020

Brucellosis is one of the most common etiologies of laboratory-acquired infections worldwide, and handling of living brucellae should be performed in a Class II biological safety cabinet. The low infecting dose, multiple portals of entry to the body, the great variety of potentially contaminated specimens, and the unspecific clinical manifestations of human infections facilitate the unintentional transmission of brucellae to laboratory personnel. Work accidents such as spillage of culture media cause only a small minority of exposures, whereas >80% of events result from unfamiliarity with the phenotypic features of the genus, misidentification of isolates, and unsafe laboratory practices such as aerosolization of bacteria and working on an open bench without protective goggles or gloves. Although the bacteriological diagnosis of brucellae by traditional methods is simple, the Gram stain and the biochemical profile of the organism, as determined by commercial kits, can be misleading, resulting in inadvertent exposure and contagion. The use of novel identification technologies is not hazard-free. The MALDI-TOF technology requires an initial bacterial inactivation step, while the instruments’ reference database may misidentify Brucella as belonging to other Gram-negative species. The rapid identification by the FISH method mistakes brucellar isolates for members of the closely related Ochrobactrum genus.
Unconventional Reservoir Hydrocarbon-Gas Foam Enhanced-Oil-Recovery Pilot: Design, Implementation, and Performance Analysis
Authors: Katiyar Amit , Patil Pramod D. , Rohilla Neeraj , Crosley Matt , Miller Thomas , Rozowski Pete , Evans Jay , Bozeman Tim , Nguyen Quoc P.
Published: July 2020

An immiscible hydrocarbon-gas foam enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) pilot has been designed and implemented in a hydraulically fractured tight reservoir in the Woodbine Field in Texas. Although gas injection is considered the main EOR technology for tight fractured unconventional reservoirs, gaseous foam has not previously been considered as an effective conformance solution in fractured formations. In this paper, we present experimental evaluation of the surfactant, field-pilot design, and implementation and performance analysis of the pilot toward developing an unconventional hydrocarbon-gas foam EOR conformance solution.

Several surfactants were screened through a bulk-foam test for the harsh reservoir conditions (120°C, 3.23% salinity, and ∼27% clay). The selected surfactant was further evaluated for static adsorption on reservoir rocks at room temperature to ensure an economic field pilot. The surfactant was also evaluated for oil-brine emulsion tendency to mitigate any field-implementation issues. A single horizontal injector and two surrounding horizontal producer pads were developed for an improved oil recovery/EOR pilot implementation in the Woodbine Field. Water and produced hydrocarbon gases were injected alternately, as well as in coinjection mode; however, no consistent incremental oil was observed. Injected gas and water broke through on an order of hours and days, respectively. The injector showed more connectivity with one of the producers, suggesting a strong areal conformance problem. A steady baseline operation was established by coinjecting gas and water at a constant gas fraction and total constant rate that resulted in a steady production baseline. The baseline injection was continued with surfactant injection in brine for in-situ foam generation.

During 5 weeks of surfactant injection, foam generation and mobility reduction were confirmed with the increase in the measured bottomhole pressure. Mobility control resulted in out-of-zone (OOZ) injection elimination for both gas and water and gas diversion to bypassed areas. With conformance corrected at the injector and deeper in the reservoir, oil-production rates more than doubled, gas utilization was improved, and a low gas/oil ratio (GOR) and improved volumetric sweep were confirmed. The increased oil production continued for at least 6 weeks after completing surfactant injection. More than 2,000 bbl of incremental oil was recovered in 11 weeks of pilot operation. This current work confirms the technical efficacy and potential of the gaseous foam conformance solution for incremental oil production with gas-EOR in unconventional plays.
Flash Calculation Using Successive Substitution Accelerated by the General Dominant Eigenvalue Method in Reduced-Variable Space: Comparison and New Insights
Authors: Zhao Haining , Jing Hongbin , Fang Zhengbao , Yu Hongwei
Published: July 2020

On the basis of a previously published reduced-variables method, we demonstrate that using these reduced variables can substantially accelerate the conventional successive-substitution iterations in solving two-phase flash (TPF) problems. By applying the general dominant eigenvalue method (GDEM) to the successive-substitution iterations in terms of the reduced variables, we obtained a highly efficient solution for the TPF problem. We refer to this solution as Reduced-GDEM. The Reduced-GDEM algorithm is then extensively compared with more than 10 linear-acceleration and Newton-Raphson (NR)-type algorithms. The initial equilibrium ratio for flash calculation is generated from reliable phase-stability analysis (PSA). We propose a series of indicators to interpret the PSA results. Two new insights were obtained from the speed comparison among various algorithms and the PSA. First, the speed and robustness of the Reduced-GDEM algorithm are of the same level as that of the reduced-variables NR flash algorithm, which has previously been proved to be the fastest flash algorithm. Second, two-side phase-stability-analysis results indicate that the conventional successive-substitution phase-stability algorithm is time consuming (but robust) at pressures and temperatures near the stability-test limit locus in the single-phase region and near the spinodal in the two-phase region.
The development of early pioneer neurons in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus
Authors: Kumar Suman , Tumu Sharat Chandra , Helm Conrad , Hausen Harald
Published: July 2020

Background

Nervous system development is an interplay of many processes: the formation of individual neurons, which depends on whole-body and local patterning processes, and the coordinated growth of neurites and synapse formation. While knowledge of neural patterning in several animal groups is increasing, data on pioneer neurons that create the early axonal scaffold are scarce. Here we studied the first steps of nervous system development in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus .

Results

Here, we performed a dense expression profiling of a broad set of neural genes. We found that SoxB expression begins at 4 hours postfertilization, and shortly later, the neuronal progenitors can be identified at the anterior and the posterior pole by the transient and dynamic expression of proneural genes. At 9 hpf, the first neuronal cells start differentiating, and we provide a detailed description of axonal outgrowth of the pioneer neurons that create the primary neuronal scaffold. Tracing back the clonal origin of the ventral nerve cord pioneer neuron revealed that it is a descendant of the blastomere 2d (2d 221 ), which after 7 cleavages starts expressing Neurogenin , Achaete-Scute and NeuroD .

Conclusions

We propose that an anterior and posterior origin of the nervous system is ancestral in annelids. The specification of the relevant neurons starts very early and we suggest that closer examination of the first pioneer neurons will be valuable in better understanding of nervous system development in spirally cleaving animals, to determine the potential role of cell-intrinsic properties in neuronal specification and to resolve the evolution of nervous systems.
Sex-specific Prevalence of coronary heart disease among Tehranian adult population across different glycemic status: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, 2008-2011
Authors: Moazzeni Seyyed Saeed , Ghafelehbashi Hamidreza , Hasheminia Mitra , Parizadeh Donna , Ghanbarian Arash , Azizi Freidoun , Hadaegh Farzad
Published: July 2020

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the main causes of deaths. Alarmingly Iranian populations had a high rank of CHD worldwide. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of CHD across different glycemic categories. Methods: This study was conducted on 7,718 Tehranian participants (Men=3427) aged ≥ 30 years from 2008 to 2011. They were categorized based on glycemic status. The prevalence of CHD was calculated in each group, separately. CHD was defined as hospital records adjudicated by an outcome committee. The association of different glycemic categories with CHD was calculated using multivariate logistic regression, compared with normal fasting glucose /normal glucose tolerance (NFG/NGT) group as reference. Results: The age-standardized prevalence of isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT), both impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT), newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (NDM), and known diabetes mellitus (KDM) were 14.30% [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.50-15.09], 4.81% [4.32-5.29], 5.19% [4.71-5.67], 5.79% [5.29-6.28] and 7.72% [7.17-8.27], respectively. Among a total of 750 individuals diagnosed as cases of CHD (398 in men), 117 (15.6%), 453 (60.4%), and 317 (42.3%) had history of myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac procedure, and unstable angina, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of CHD for Tehranian population was 7.71% [7.18-8.24] in total population, 8.62 [7.81-9.44] in men and 7.19 [6.46-7.93] in women. Moreover, among diabetic participants, the age-standardized prevalence of CHD were 13.10 [9.83-16.38] in men 10.67 [8.90-12.44] in women, respectively, which were significantly higher than corresponding values for NFG/NGT and prediabetic groups. Across 6 levels of glycemic status, CHD was associated with IFG/IGT [ odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI: 1.38 (1.01-1.89)], NDM [1.83 (1.40-2.41)], and KDM [2.83 (2.26-3.55)] groups, in the age and sex adjusted model. Furthermore, in the full-adjusted model, only NDM and KDM status remained to be associated with the presence of CHD by ORs of 1.40 (1.06-1.85) for NDM and 1.90 (1.50-2.41) for KDM. Conclusion: The high prevalence of CHD, especially among diabetic populations, necessitates urgent implementation of behavioral interventions among Tehranian population, according to evidence-based guidelines for the clinical management of diabetic patients.
The relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people: an updated and dose-response meta-analysis
Authors: He Mengyang , Deng Xiangling , Zhu Yuqing , Huan Luyao , Niu Wenquan
Published: July 2020

Background: Short or long sleep duration is proposed as a potential risk factor for all-cause mortality in the older people, yet the results of published studies are not often reproducible. Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether short or long sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in the older people via a comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods: Literature retrieval, study selection and data extraction were completed independently and in duplicate. Effect-size estimates are expressed as relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Summary data from 35 articles, involving a total of 106990 older people, were meta-analyzed. Overall analyses revealed a significant association between long sleep duration and all-cause mortality (RR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.19-1.35, P <.001), whereas marginal significance was observed for short sleep duration (RR=1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.09; P =.045). There was a low probability of publication bias as indicated by Egger’s test for the association between sleep duration and all-cause mortality. In subgroup analyses, the association between long sleep duration and all-cause mortality was relatively strong in women (RR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.18-1.85, P =.002) relative to men (RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.10-1.50, P =.001) (Two-sample Z test P = .219). Further dose-response regression analyses showed that trend estimation was not obvious for short sleep duration ( P = .016) compared with long sleep duration ( P < .001), indicating a J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a J-shaped relationship between sleep duration and all-cause mortality in the older people, with long sleep duration significantly associating with all-cause mortality, especially in women.
Clinical Implications of 37 Childhood Cases with SARS-COV-2 Infection in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Wang Yanrong , LIU Yingxia , Yang Yang , WANG Xianfeng , LIU Lei
Published: July 2020

Background SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in December 2019 in samples obtained from a 61 years old man who died of acute respiratory failure in the city of Wuhan, China with a subsequent outbreak in China. Till now, there were rare reports about childhood patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We report 37 children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted in the Third People’s hospital of Shenzhen from December 11, 2019 to February 11, 2020. Results There were 9 mild cases, 20 ordinary cases and 1 severe case and 7 cases with asymptomatic infection. The age ranged from 7 months to 17 years old and the median age was 7 years old. The median length of hospital stay is about 14 days. The time from illness onset to diagnosis ranged from 0.5 to 10 days (median time: 2 days). The common clinical features were fever (29.7%, 11/37) and cough (32.4%, 12/37). No death occurred among our patients. 86.5% (32/37) children were infected with SARS-CoV-2 after their family members (parents or grandparents). 1 child was identified with SARS-CoV-2 infection after 3 times testing. The majority (78.4%) of cases occurred in those children who travelled to Hubei Province. Conclusions The majority of childhood cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection was mild or ordinary COVID-19 and had travelled to Hubei Province. Family cluster transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was suspected in 86.5% of patients. Timely continuous SARS-CoV-2 pathogen testing is recommended. Key words: SARS-CoV-2; infection; children
Using a Hepatitis B surveillance system evaluation in Fujian, Hainan, and Gansu Provinces to improve data quality and assess program effectiveness, China, 2015
Authors: Zheng Hui , Millman Alexander J. , Rainey Jeanette J. , Wang Fuzhen , Zhang Rui , Chen Hong , Yin Zundong , Wang Huaqing , zhang Guomin
Published: July 2020

Background: Monitoring hepatitis B surveillance data is important for evaluating progress towards global hepatitis B elimination goals. Accurate classification of acute and chronic hepatitis infections is essential for assessing program effectiveness. Methods: We evaluated hepatitis B case-reporting at six hospitals in Fujian, Hainan and Gansu provinces in 2015 to assess the accuracy of case classification. We linked National Notifiable Disease Reporting System (NNDRS) HBV case-reports with hospital information systems and extracted information on age, gender, admission ward and viral hepatitis diagnosis from medical records. To assess accuracy, we compared NNDRS reported case-classifications with the national HBV case definitions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with misclassification. Results: Of the 1,420 HBV cases reported to NNDRS, 23 (6.5%) of the 352 acute reports and 648 (60.7%) of the 1,068 chronic reports were correctly classified. Of the remaining, 318 (22.4%) were misclassified and 431 (30.4%) could not be classified due to the lack of supporting information. Based on the multivariable analysis, HBV cases reported from Hainan (aOR=1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4) and Gansu (aOR=12.7; 95% CI: 7.7-20.1) along with reports from grade 2 hospitals (aOR=1.6; 95% CI:1.2-2.2) and those from non-HBV related departments (aOR=5.3; 95% CI: 4.1-7.0) were independently associated with being ‘misclassified’ in NNDRS. Conclusions: We identified discrepancies in the accuracy of HBV case-reporting in the project hospitals. Onsite training on the use of anti-HBc IgM testing as well as on HBV case definitions and reporting procedures are needed to accurately assess program effectiveness and ensure case-patients are referred to appropriate treatment and care. Routine surveillance evaluations such as this can be useful for improving data quality and monitoring program effectiveness.
Progress towards the 2020 Fast Track HIV/AIDS reduction targets across ages in Ethiopia as compared to neighboring countries using Global Burden of Diseases 2017 data
Authors: Mirkuzie Alemnesh H. , Ali Solomon , Abate Ebba , Worku Asnake , Misganaw Awoke
Published: July 2020

BackgroundSustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.3, targets to eliminate HIV from being a public health threat by 2030. For better tracking of this target interim Fast Track milestones for 2020 and composite complementary measures have been indicated. This study measured the Fast Track progress in the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia across ages compared to neighboring countries. MethodsThe National Data Management Center for health's research team at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute has analyzed the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 secondary data for the year 2010 to 2017 for Ethiopia and its neighbors. GBD 2017 data sources were census, demographic and a health survey, prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission, antiretroviral treatment programs, sentinel surveillance, and UNAIDS reports. Age-standardized and age-specific HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, mortality, Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), incidence:mortality ratio and incidence:prevalence ratio were calculated with corresponding 95% confidence intervals.ResultsEthiopia and neighboring countries recorded slow progress in reducing new HIV infection since 2010. Only Uganda would achieve the 75% target by 2020. Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda already achieved the 75% mortality reduction target set for 2020. The incidence: prevalence ratio for Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Uganda were < 0.03, indicating the countries were on track to end HIV by 2030. Ethiopia had an incidence: mortality ratio <1 due to high mortality; while Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda had a ratio of >1 due to high incidence. The HIV incidence rate in Ethiopia was dropped by 76% among under 5 children in 2017 compared to 2010 and the country would likely to attain the 2020 national target, but far behind achieving the target among the 15-49 age group.ConclusionsEthiopia and neighboring countries have made remarkable progress towards achieving the 75% HIV/AIDS mortality reduction target by 2020, although they progressed poorly in reducing HIV incidence. By recording an incidence:prevalence ratio benchmark of less than 0.03, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Uganda are well heading towards epidemic control. Nonetheless, the high HIV/AIDS mortality rate in Ethiopia for its incidence requires innovative strategies to reach out undiagnosed cases and to build institutional capacity for generating strong evidence to ensure sustainable epidemic control.
Loss of survival advantage for deficient mismatch repair in patients with advanced colorectal cancer may be caused by changes in prognostic value of CD8+T cell
Authors: Wang Bingyan , Li Fei , Guo Limei , Lu Siyi , Ma Junren , Ma Yanpeng , Meng Yan , Wang Junwei , Zhou Xin , Fu Wei
Published: July 2020

Background: Patients with stage II deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) show a better prognosis than patients with colorectal cancer with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR). However, this beneficial effect is decreased in advanced stages of the disease. This study was conducted to investigate the prognostic value of dMMR and alterations in the tumour microenvironment.Methods: This was a matched retrospective cohort study. Thirty-two patients with stage III&IV dMMR matched with 32 patients with stage I&II dMMR and 64 patients with pMMR were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry analysis was performed for the 64 patients with dMMR to explore the expression and prognostic effect of CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD-L1.Results: Patients with stage III-IV dMMR showed no advantage in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared to patients with pMMR (P = 0.244, P = 0.667). No expression differences in CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 at the centre of the tumour (CT) or invasive margin (IM) were found between patients with stage I&II and stage III&IV dMMR. High CD3 expression at the CT and high CD3 an CD4 expression at the IM improved both OS and DFS. High CD8 expression showed opposite prognostic value in patients with stage I&II and III&IV dMMR. A similar tendency was observed for PD-L1 expression.Conclusion: Patients with stage III-IV dMMR showed no prognostic advantage over patients with pMMR. Expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, and PD-L1 was similar between stage I&II and III&IV dMMR CRC. High CD3 expression at the CT and high CD3 and CD4 expression at the IM can significantly improve patient prognosis. The opposite prognostic tendency of CD8 and PD-L1 for patients with stage I&II and III&IV dMMR may be relevant to CD8+T cell exhaustion and functional changes at inhibitory immune checkpoints.
Fabry disease screening in high-risk populations in Japan: A nationwide study
Authors: Yoshida Shinichiro , Kido Jun , Sawada Takaaki , Momosaki Ken , Sugawara Keishin , Matsumoto Shirou , Endo Fumio , Nakamura Kimitoshi
Published: July 2020

Background: Fabry disease (FD) is a X-linked inherited disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene, which results in the deficiency of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). This leads to the progressive accumulation of metabolites, which can cause malfunctions in systemic organs. A recent screening study among neonates reported an increase in the incidence of FD, and numerous FD patients remain undiagnosed or even misdiagnosed . Therefore, this study aimed to identify patients with FD by performing high-risk screening in 18,135 individuals, enrolled from October 2006 to March 2019, with renal, cardiac, or neurological manifestations from all prefectures in Japan . A total of 601 hospitals participated in this study.

Results: Low α-Gal A activity was detected in 846 individuals, with 224 of them diagnosed with FD by GLA sequencing. Cases with a family history of FD (n = 64) were also subjected to sequencing, without α-Gal A assay, as per individual request, and 12 of them were diagnosed with a variant of FD. A total of 236 patients with FD (97 males and 139 females) were identified from among 18,199 participants. A total of 101 GLA variants, including 26 novel variants, were detected in the 236 patients with FD from 143 families, with 39 amenable variants (39%) and 79 of the 236 patients (33%) suitable for migalastat treatment.

Conclusions: From among 18,199 participants, 101 GLA variants, including 26 novel variants, were identified in the 236 patients with FD from 143 families. Migalastat was identified as a suitable treatment option in 33% of the patients with FD and 39% of the GLA variants were detected as amenable. Therefore, the simple screening protocol using dried blood spots that was performed in this study could be useful for early diagnosis and selection of appropriate treatments for FD in high-risk and underdiagnosed patients with various renal, cardiac, or neurological manifestations.
Feasibility testing of a community dialogue approach for promoting the uptake of family planning and contraceptive services in Zambia
Authors: Munakampe Margarate Nzala , Nkole Theresa , Silumbwe Adam , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Cordero Joanna Paula , Steyn Petrus S
Published: July 2020

Background: Community dialogues have been used in participatory approaches in various health prevention and awareness programs, including family planning interventions, to increase understanding and alignment of particular issues from different peoples’ perspectives. The main objective of this paper is to document the feasibility of a community dialogue approach, which aimed to promote dialogue between healthcare providers and community members. The feasibility testing was part of formative-phase research needed to design an intervention, with the ultimate goal of increasing the uptake of family planning and contraception. The community dialogue intervention generated discussions on key approaches to improve family planning and contraception provision and uptake. Methods: Key stages of the community dialogue were undertaken, with representation from healthcare providers and community members. Participants included frontline and managerial health care providers, community health workers, family planning and contraception users, the youth, other stakeholders from the education sector, and civil society. How the dialogue was implemented (operational feasibility) as well as the cultural feasibility of the community dialogue content was evaluated through participant observations during the dialogue, using a standardised feasibility testing tick-list, and through focus group discussions with the stakeholders who participated in the community dialogue. Results: Overall, 21 of the 30 invited participants attended the meeting- 70 per cent attendance. The approach facilitated discussions on how quality care could be achieved in family planning and contraception provision, guided by the ground rules that were agreed upon by the different stakeholders. A need for more time for the discussion was noted. Participants also noted the need for more balanced representation from adolescents as well as other family planning stakeholders, such as community members, especially in comparison to healthcare providers. Some participants were not comfortable with the language used. Young people felt older participants used complicated terminologies while community members felt the health care providers outnumbered them, in terms of representation. Conclusion: Generally, the community dialogue was well received by the community members and the healthcare providers, as was observed from the sentiments expressed by both categories. Some key considerations for refining the approach included soliciting maximum participation from otherwise marginalized groups like the youth would provide stronger representation.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between isolated pancreaticojejunostomy, isolated gastrojejunostomy, and conventional pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: yunxiao lyu , Wang Bin , Cheng Yunxiao , Xu Yueming , Du WeiBing
Published: July 2020

Background We aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of the following procedures after pancreaticoduodenectomy: isolated pancreaticojejunostomy, isolated gastrojejunostomy, and conventional pancreaticojejunostomy.Methods We performed a systematic search of the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov until 1 January 2020. Pooled odds ratios (OR) or weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using STATA 12.0 statistical software.Results Thirteen studies involving 1942 patients were included in this study. Pooled analysis showed that reoperation rates following isolated pancreaticojejunostomy were lower reoperation than with conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (OR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.15–0.86, p=0.02, respectively), and that isolated pancreaticojejunostomy required longer operation time vs conventional pancreaticojejunostomy (WMD=43.61, 95% CI: 21.64–65.58, P=0.00). Regarding postoperative pancreatic fistula, clinically-relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, clinically-relevant delayed gastric emptying, bile leakage, hemorrhage, reoperation, length of postoperative hospital stay, major complications, overall complications, and mortality, we found no significant differences for either isolated pancreaticojejunostomy versus conventional pancreaticojejunostomy or isolated gastrojejunostomy versus conventional pancreaticojejunostomy.Conclusions This study showed that isolated pancreaticojejunostomy was associated with a lower reoperation rate, but required longer operation time vs conventional pancreaticojejunostomy. Considering the limitations, high-quality randomized controlled trials are required.