bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Backlash-Free Meshing of Teeth of Satellite and Central Gearwheel of Planetary Continuously Adjustable Gear: Features, Advantages and Drawbacks
Authors: Dankov A M
Published: May 2017

Планетарная плавнорегулируемая передача с составным зубчатым колесом имеет сравнительно простую силовую кинематическую цепь и базируется на использовании технологичного эвольвентного зацепления. Эта передача является однопрофильной: контакт зубьев происходит по одной боковой поверхности, а по другой боковой поверхности предусмотрен боковой зазор. Постоянство бокового зазора в зацеплении в процессе регулирования передаточного отношения обеспечивается в результате жесткой кинематической связи между перемещениями элементов и достигается с помощью сложного механизма. Он может быть значительно упрощен в передаче с силовым замыканием зубчатых колес и беззазорным зацеплением зубьев. Замыкающее усилие реализуется только в процессе изменения передаточного отношения передачи и может создаваться не только упругим элементом (пружиной), хотя этот вариант представляется наиболее оптимальным. Геометрическая форма зубчатых секторов и конфигурация составного центрального зубчатого колеса обусловливают необходимость при любых изменениях передаточного отношения передачи периодически исключать силовое замыкание и фиксировать сателлит в зоне пересопряжения зубчатых секторов различных силовых потоков в определенном положении. Описана конструкция сателлита передачи с силовым замыканием зубчатых колес и рассмотрена эффективность использования при этом известных зубчатых зацеплений.
Features of Regulation and Control of Contact Standards for Gearwheels of Planetary Gears
Authors: Antonjuk V E , Poddubko S N
Published: May 2017

Рассмотрены особенности назначения норм контакта для зубчатых колес планетарных передач. Отмечены несоответствия ГОСТ 1643-81 при назначении норм контакта планетарных передач. Приведены рекомендации по нормам контакта с учетом специфики конструкций планетарных передач типа 2К-Н.
Features of the First Stage of the Mechanism of Rapid Electrical Explosion of Conductors
Authors: Kozlov V V , Zontova T V
Published: May 2017

С развитием высоких технологий расширяется круг объектов повышенного риска, к которым относятся тепловые, атомные и гидроэлектростанции, оборонные и космические системы. Безопасность таких объектов представляет особую задачу, решение которой невозможно без использования современных быстродействующих средств аварийной коммутации и ограничения опасных токов и напряжений. Анализ параметров существующих средств коммутации (газовых разрядников и варисторов) показал ряд недостатков, значительно снижающих эффективность их применения в системах критического назначения. Основным недостатком разрядников является длительное время их реакции. Применение в качестве коммутирующих устройств варисторов затрудняется невозможностью обеспечения их работы при параллельном включении и значительным снижением характеристик при нагревах импульсными токами свыше 100 °С. В этом отношении наиболее перспективным является реализация механизма быстрого электрического взрыва проводников. Анализ исследований, проведенных в работах, показал, что основным условием для формирования данного механизма является соотношение времени ввода энергии от импульсного источника питания к электровзрывающемуся проводнику и интервала времени возникновения гидродинамических неоднородных участков. Рассматривается возможность варьирования длительностью существования этапа нагрева и плавления металлических проводников при реализации механизма быстрого электрического взрыва.
Statistical Analysis of Traffic Environment in the Udmurt Republic
Authors: Kasatkina E V
Published: May 2017

Работа посвящена статистическому исследованию и прогнозированию количества дорожно-транспортных происшествий и тяжести их последствий в Удмуртской Республике. Выполнен кластерный анализ территорий региона, в ходе которого выделены три группы территорий с различной степенью аварийности. В группу с высокой степенью аварийности вошли территории, по которым проходят трассы федерального значения. Построены регрессионные модели зависимости количества дорожно-транспортных происшествий, числа раненых и погибших в ходе дорожно-транспортных происшествий от количественных и качественных факторов. К количественным факторам относятся: количество нарушений правил дорожного движения; количество зарегистрированных транспортных средств; количество водительских удостоверений, выданных впервые; количество правонарушений в состоянии опьянения; количество сотрудников ГИБДД и трендовая компонента. Также в моделях учтены сезонная и территориальная компоненты, которые являются качественными факторами и включены в модель после процедуры оцифровки их количественного аналога. Для моделирования динамики экзогенных количественных факторов подобраны адекватные авторегрессионные модели. С использованием разработанных регрессионных моделей и прогнозной динамики входных переменных выполнен прогноз количества дорожно-транспортных происшествий и тяжести их последствий в Удмуртской Республике до конца 2017 г.
Study of the Quality of Services in the Housing and Communal Services (by the Example of “Kama” Management Company)
Authors: Ivanova I B , Kharisova L R , Nuretdinova L F
Published: May 2017

Описано исследование качества услуг по содержанию и эксплуатации жилья, выполненное в жилом комплексе в городе Ижевске в 2016 г. Цель исследования - выявление основных направлений для повышения качества жилищных услуг. В работе затрагиваются такие проблемы, как качество жилищно-коммунальных услуг, высокая стоимость ее предоставления и рост цен. Процесс исследования включал в себя: выбор методики проведения, разработку анкеты, расчет выборки, проведение опроса и анализ собранной информации. В качестве основного метода исследования был выбран метод личного интервью, имеющий определенные преимущества: предполагает разъяснения, компетентность и высокий выход годного материала (почти 100 %), позволяет получить ответы на открытые вопросы. Также была рассчитана величина механической пошаговой выборки. На основе проведенного исследования можно сделать вывод, что достижение высокого уровня качества предоставления жилищно-коммунальных услуг является одной из главных целей управляющей компании и должно быть направлено на минимизацию затрат на их предоставление.
Improvement of the Method for Processing the Expert Poll Results
Authors: Drogomiretsky A V , Solovyov M S
Published: May 2017

Обозначено несовершенство традиционного способа обработки результатов экспертного опроса, а также предложена новая методика оценки их достоверности, обеспечивающая более точный расчет коэффициента согласованности экспертов и предъявляющая повышенные требования к чистоте проведения научного исследования.
Essence and Structure of “Quality of Life” Concept: Overview of Concepts
Authors: Ibragimova L A
Published: May 2017

Проведен анализ сущности и структуры понятия «качество жизни». Субъективность, динамичность и сложность комплексной оценки определили дискуссионность темы анализа. Исследование сущности понятия «качество жизни» основано на комплексном изучении положений ряда различных концепций и направлений, которые оказали влияние на многообразие трактовок данного термина. Данные концепции рассмотрены в настоящей статье. Дискуссионность определения структуры качества жизни связана с наличием большого количества различных подходов к оценке и формированию перечня показателей качества жизни. Подходы и оцениваемые объективные и субъективные показатели рассмотрены в настоящей статье, выделены показатели, оцениваемые большинством специалистов и исследователей. Таким образом, результаты анализа различных концепций качества жизни и подходов к формированию перечня его показателей позволили уточнить его структуру и сущность.
Dynamical Model for the Process of Withdrawal Formation at Deep Drilling of Small Diameter Holes w ith the Increased Relative Length
Authors: Ivanov K M , Yakovlev P D , Yakovlev S P
Published: May 2017

Рассматривается процесс обработки глубоких отверстий малых диаметров (менее 23,0мм) с отношением длины к диаметру (относительной длиной) более 100. Основной проблемой при изготовлении таких отверстий является предотвращение брака дорогостоящих деталей по уводу и непрямолинейности оси. Ключевой операцией технологического процесса, обеспечивающей заданные величины указанных параметров глубоких отверстий, является операция глубокого сверления. Данная операция осуществляется с применением специального инструмента и оснастки с наружным подводом смазочно-охлаждающей жидкости (СОЖ) при вращении заготовки и поступательном движении инструмента. Применяемый инструмент, обладая малой продольно-поперечной и крутильной жесткостью, работает при высоких частотах вращения заготовки и давлениях СОЖ и испытывает вследствие влияния на процесс глубокого сверления различных факторов кинематическое возмущение с частотой вращения заготовки, что является основной причиной дальнейшего изменения увода по длине обработки. Процесс образования увода является динамическим, длины инструмента могут проходить резонансные значения, что приводит к нестабильности образования и изменения увода. Анализ результатов известных исследований показал, что они не учитывают особенностей образования увода при глубоком сверлении отверстий малых диаметров повышенной относительной длины. Представлены результаты теоретических исследований по разработке динамической модели процесса образования увода с учетом особенностей процесса глубокого сверления отверстий малых диаметров повышенной относительной длины, предложены рекомендации по уменьшению увода и непрямолинейности оси, включая управление уводом.
EKRANISASI NOVEL SURGA YANG TAK DIRINDUKAN KARYA ASMA NADIA KE FILM SURGA YANG TAK DIRINDUKAN KARYA SUTRADARA KUNTZ AGUS
Authors: Martin Megasari
Published: May 2017

The transfer of the novel into a movie will lead to changes. That's because the process of making the novel and the film are very different. Different processes will produce somewhat different results. In the film without explaining to the audience what was happening, the audience itself has been understood through movement and images shown, while in the novel the reader to imagine exempted in accordance with what they think. To bridge the misunderstanding of society (lovers of literature) to the film adaptation of the literary work (novel), this research needs to be done. This is so that people can see the film as a film without overshadowed by his literary work (novel). This study aimed to: describe the novel Heaven Tak ekranisasi missed work to movie Asma Nadia Heaven Not missed by director Kuntz Agus.
 This study is a qualitative study using descriptive methods. Data of this study is novel Heaven episode story that Asma Nadia Tak missed work and the film Heaven Not missed by director Kuntz Agus. Data was collected through three stages, namely; The first step is to read the novel Heaven is not missed work Asma Nadia, followed by watching the movie Heaven Not missed by director Kuntz Agus. Phase Two is the inventory, to identify elements of the novel and the film Heaven is not missed. The third phase is the classification of data into the data format. The data validation techniques detailed description of the technique. Analyzing technique is done with the theory ekranisasi.
Based on the results of the study, concluded the following. First, a reduction in part ceritan novel Heaven Asma Nadia Tak missed work in the film Heaven is not missed by director Kuntz Agus. Secondly, there was an additional episode in the story in the film Heaven is not missed by director Kuntz Agus. Third, there is a change of variety of events, characters and background story episode in the film Heaven is not missed by director Kuntz Agus. Subtraction, addition and alteration variation on the novel and the film Heaven There may be missed characters, plot and setting. Such changes may result in changes of meaning and story standpoint.
Implementasi Algoritma Harmony Search untuk Penjadwalan Produksi
Authors: Setiawan Hendry , Hendra Kelana Oesman , Gunawan Dennys
Published: May 2017

Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada perusahaan yang bekerja di bidang produksi kantong plastik adalah masih tingginya kerusakan hasil produksi (afal). Hal ini dikarenakan operator yang bertugas untuk menjadwalkan produksi masih kurang memiliki kemampuan dan pengalaman yang mencukupi untuk menjadwalkan produksi, sehingga menyebabkan kemungkinan terjadinya kesalahan penjadwalan yang tinggi. Untuk memecahkan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan sebuah aplikasi yang dapat merekomendasikan jadwal produksi. Algoritma yang digunakan untuk membuat aplikasi ini menggunakan algoritma harmony search. Solusi penjadwalan produksi ini akan direpresentasikan dalam bentuk nada-nada. Setiap nada akan di-­improvisasi terus menerus hingga mencapai nada terbaik yang mampu memberikan rekomendasi jadwal yang terbaik. Proses pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap aplikasi dengan menggunakan data sebanyak 28 order  memberikan hasil bahwa aplikasi ini dapat melakukan penjadwalan dengan tingkat keakuratan mencapai 98%.
Image Enhancement Pada Screen Capture CCTV Dengan Menggunakan Metode Histogram EKualisasi
Authors: Nugroho Hendro
Published: May 2017

Penggunaan kamera Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) banyak digunakan saat ini terutama perusahaan atau industry, pertokoan dan tempat-temapat strategis lainnya. Dengan menggunakan kamera CCTV keamanan tempat tersebut akan terjamin. Akan tetapi kekurangan dari kamera CCTV adalah apabila ruangan tidak memiliki cahaya kurang (gelap) maka hasil objek yang terekam tidak maksimal. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan diatas maka perlu adanya Histogram Ekualisasi yang dapat memberikan perbaikan kualitas citra (Image Enhancement). Untuk citra yang diambil sebagai Image Enhancement sebagai contoh uji coba penelitian adalah citra Screen Capture CCTV. Dari citra Screen Capture CCTV tersebut dilakukan tahap-tahap pemrosesan citra untuk menghasilkan perbaikan kualitas citra yang baik. Rencana pengambilan data citra screen Capture CCTV sejumlah 5 citra. Cara kerja sistem informasi Image Enhancement adalah citra screen Capture CCTV di praproses dengan ukuran 200x260 piksel BMP, kemudia citra di GarayScale untuk dijadikan nilai piksel yang seragam, selajatunya citra di histogram ekualisasi untuk intensitas menjadi seragam. Untuk menguji tingkat kualitas citra menggunakan metode ekstraksi tekstur histogram berbasis rata-rata intensitas dan deviasi standar.
Editorial
Authors: Morales Pedraza Nelly
Published: May 2017

EL desarrollo de software que combina herramientas, técnicas y tendencias de industria es abordado en el artículo Desarrollo de aplicaciones WEB por componentes – Código Libre. La industria de software es un campo de acción tecno-económica que, sin duda, se ha convertido en una de las principales apuestas del mundo globalizado, para generar nuevas posibilidades de desarrollo, aprovechando las múltiples y casi inagotables oportunidades para su aplicación.
Diseño y Construcción de Equipo para Realizar Prospección Geofísica Aplicando el Método VDE Tomografía Eléctrica
Authors: Giraldo Sánchez Fabio Héctor , Sendoya Losada Fernando Diego
Published: May 2017

Outlines the procedure for the design and construction of electric equipment for geophysical prospecting through electrical tomography method. The team is of average power, ensuring exploration depths quite suitable for applications and commercial and geotechnical studies. The device is essentially a DC voltage source of 500 volts that is able to provide a maximum current of 1 amp. It also contains a small charge current source of electrical currents counteract naturally found in the subsoil and are manifested as a difference in the surface potential. A general explanation of the geophysical method in question, helps to understand the basic principles of operation of the equipment and functions to be fulfilled.

After building the team, we conducted a field data acquisition, in area near the town of Gachancipa Cundinamarca. The data from this equipment are processed with specialized software. The images obtained with the software presents the distributions of subsurface resistivity can be associated with the possible structures and geology of the study area.
Diseño y Construcción de un Prototipo de Electrocardiografía Dinámica “Holter” Universal de Tres Canales con Interfaz Electrónica para Cualquier Plataforma de Instrumentación Virtual
Authors: Quintero M. Jorge E. , Sierra M. José M.
Published: May 2017

This paper describes the design and construction of a portable electrocardiogram (Holter) for the acquisition and storage of the first and second bipolar derivation ECG and precordial lead. The prototype built has the advantage over similar commercial equipment, that downloads the stored signals in analog form, which lets you use any virtual instrumentation platform, such as LabVIEW, BIOPAC or otherwise, and does not rely on communication protocols. The output signals of the Holter, were compared with the input provided by an ECG patient simulator, where he found a great similarity in the amplitudes, shapes, and frequency spectrum without varying the heart rate, the signal of interest study by cardiologist in case of patients with arrhythmias.
Aplicación del Ultrasonido en la Industria de los Alimentos
Authors: Delgado Javier Orlando
Published: May 2017

Ultrasound is an emerging technology with more research and development for food preservation, one of the qualities of is the reduction of the concentration of microorganisms, inhibition of enzyme activity without altering the physical, chemical and nutritional foods.It was conducted direffent literature sources analysis to develop a document with ultrasound applications in main food technology processing, the benefits of cavitation effect, intensity and frequency applied in each of researching works that have been made today.
Estimación del Valor Teórico para el Throughput en Redes LAN Basadas en Tecnología Power Line Communications Bajo el Estándar Homeplug 1.0
Authors: Contreras Higuera Martha Fabiola , Granados Acuña Gerardo
Published: May 2017

Power Line Communications (PLC) refers to a group of technologies that allow to establish communication processes under the use of the grid as a physical means of transmission. The use of the grid as a physical means of transmission of information is not a new idea. Until a few years ago, the use of PLC had been limited to the implementation of solutions of control, automation and monitoring of sensors; which did not require a high bandwidth for its operation.

During the late 1990s due to the new technological developments and the need to implement new alternatives for transfer of information, it was possible to reach speeds on the order of the Mbps, establishing the possibility of making use of the electricity network as a network of access.

The current state of technology PLC allows to reach speeds of up to 200Mbps, which has enabled the transformation of the grid in a true network of band wide, capable of supporting data, voice and video provided by a telecommunications operator. The use of PLC-based network adapters allow easily design LANs and broadband communications through the electrical network, making any outlet in a point of connection for the user, without the need for wiring additional to existing ones.

 

The electrical network is a structure which so far has been exclusively used for the transport of electrical energy. However, it is possible to make use of this network in processes of communication and transmission of information such as: voice, data and video; Bearing in mind that grid had not been designed for this purpose.

The performance is without doubt one of the aspects of greatest interest in the global analysis in networks LAN, due to the effect it produces on the end user. Basically, the most common parameters for evaluating the performance of a network are: Throughput, use of the canal and various measures of retardation.

In this article is presented a simple analysis of the HomePlug 1.0 standard applied to the transmission of information using the grid as a physical means of transmission. The analysis considers the influence of the size of the packages, number of stations, mechanisms of access to the medium, the window size of initial containment, among other important aspects; in order to analyze the behavior of the Throughput on LAN networks, making use of PLC technology for their implementation at the theoretical level.
Aprovechamiento Industrial de Lactosuero Mediante Procesos Fermentativos
Authors: Ramírez Navas Juan Sebastián
Published: May 2017

For being highly polluting whey has been categorized as a waste, though, currently studies are performed (using technologies such as cracking or separation, dehydration, fermentation, etc.), in order to transform it into useful products with high added value. The technology that has gained more importance is the fermentation, as it allows a wide range of products from biomass or protein, to solvents and insecticides. This paper presents a literature review of relevant studies of whey transformation by means of fermentation. Concluding the widest variety of products derivatives from whey is obtained due to biotechnological transformations.
Expertik: una Experiencia con Inteligencia Artificial y Computación Móvil
Authors: Beltrán Lozano José Edward
Published: May 2017

This article presents the experience in the development of services based in Artificial Intelligence, Service Oriented Architecture, mobile computing. It aims to combine technology offered by mobile computing provides techniques and artificial intelligence through a service provide diagnostic solutions to problems in industrial maintenance. It aims to combine technology offered by mobile computing and the techniques artificial intelligence through a service to provide diagnostic solutions to problems in industrial maintenance. For service creation are identified the elements of an expert system, the knowledge base, the inference engine and knowledge acquisition interfaces and their consultation. The applications were developed in ASP.NET under architecture three layers. The data layer was developed conjunction in SQL Server with data management classes; business layer in VB.NET and the presentation layer in ASP.NET with XHTML. Web interfaces for knowledge acquisition and query developed in Web and Mobile Web. The inference engine was conducted in web service developed for the fuzzy logic model to resolve requests from applications consulting knowledge (initially an exact rule-based logic within this experience) to resolve requests from applications consulting knowledge. This experience seeks to strengthen a technology-based company to offer services based on AI for service companies Colombia.
Fabrication of an Implantable Micro-pressure Sensor to Measure Deviation Within the Cochlea
Authors: Perez Leonardo , Puers Robert , Volckaerts Bart
Published: May 2017

The Cochlear Implant is broadly worn by people with deep hearing damage. This device makes up an electrode array to electrically stimulate the auditory nerves. When the electrode is implanted into the inner ear by surgery, the scala tympani is ill-treated due to the strong pressure applied on the internal ear structures. To minimize this intra-cochlear trauma, it is proposed to fabricate a micro pressure-sensor and built it in the electrode array, in such a way that the pressure applied by the electrode is measured. This work selected the MEMS SU-8 Fabry-Perot interferometer-based pressure sensor. This paper describes the sensor fabrication process carried out, and explains how to integrate this sensor with the electrode array.
Lectura y Cálculo de Facturación en Sitio a Través de Dispositivos Móviles
Authors: Moreno Pilar Alexandra , Rojas López Carlos Alberto , Flechas Becerra Yaneth
Published: May 2017

This article broadly describes the analysis, design and development of the system utilitarian, called “Reading and billing calculation site through mobile devices.” The application is oriented Public Services Companies, first water services, to perform part of the billing process “in place” through phones or any mobile devices compatible with Android. Will enable you to take readings of service consumption, recording new gauging, online update and control the information for users and turnover. This technology is considered as such one site billing method as through Internet is connected with the database of the company, sending and receiving date information, which makes the calculation of the billing for the reading period, bringing benefits to the client and the service generating company.
¿Qué es el Control Predictivo y Hacia Dónde se Proyecta?
Authors: Sendoya Diego Fernando
Published: May 2017

Model Based Predictive Control (MBPC or simply MPC) is a control methodology that uses the process model to predict the future plant outputs and optimize the future control actions. In fact, the predictive control cannot be considered as a separate control strategy but rather a family of integrated control methods such as optimal control, control of processes with dead time, multivariable  processes control, etc. This has allowed predictive control has been an important development in both the scientific and academic community and in the industry.
Temperature effect on whey protein fouling
Authors: Pelegrine D.H.G. , Gomes M.T.M.S , Gasparetto Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2017

In the present work, whey protein fouling phenomenon was studied, when fowed in the inner tube of a double tube heated by hot water which fows in the ring space between them. The fouling kinetics depends on the mass transfer effects, which is a function of protein solubility. To describe the fouling kinetics a calculus algorithm was developed, having as subsidy the protein solubility itself. The proteins solubility were determined in a separate investigation. Results showed that the time necessary for the tube´s inner radius to decrease in 30% of the original radius was smaller for high temperatures. Besides, whey protein deposition was greater at the tube´s entrance than in its exit. Therefore, the rate of radius reduction was faster in that area. The experimental check for the algorithm was conducted in a pilot plant.
Simulación de un Sistema de Desodorización de Aceite Vegetal por Medio de un Control Industrial Automatizado
Authors: Zambrano Sánchez Noel Jair
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se presenta la simulación de un proceso industrial alimenticio automatizado. El tener automatizado un proceso lleva a la planta a mejorar sus estándares lo que genera que el producto y el usuario final sean los más beneficiados, garantizando la calidad y pureza necesarias, solicitadas actualmente en el exigente mercado nacional e internacional. Este proyecto es de carácter industrial con aplicación en el área de electrónica, automatización y control de procesos, y se podrá aplicar a la vida real brindándole un valor agregado al proceso mecánico que ya existe. Se aplicarán conocimientos teórico-prácticos viables y sostenibles. El paso de migrar señales análogas o digitales de diferentes sensores y enviados mediante un controlador lógico programable e interactuando con una interface gráfica HMI (interface hombre máquina), logrará que un proceso de características manuales se pueda automatizar controlando sus entradas y salidas de manera cíclica y efectiva, enviando reportes en tiempo real del consumo de servicios o generando alarmas que prevengan problemas en la planta, garantizando así un control total del proceso. El manejo industrial de aceites y grasas es muy amplio y conocido. El área de la automatización provee un medio de control para la estandarización del proceso y la certificación, ofreciendo una alta calidad al producto final. El proceso, objeto de este trabajo, es el de desodorización del aceite vegetal el cual se explicará a lo largo del presente documento.
Estandarizacion de la Fase de Fermentaciòn “Fase i” en la Obtención de un Licor de Mandarina utilizando Levadura “Saccharomyces Cerevisiae”
Authors: Quintana Fuentes Lucas Fernando , Gelvez Pinilla Margarita , Mendoza Ludy Janeth
Published: May 2017

Se presenta él logró de la estandarización de una bebida alcohólica de mandarina en la FASE I, partiendo de la fruta cultivada en la vereda Llano de Palmas, del Municipio de Rio negro, Santander, como alternativa de aprovechamiento ,debido a que no toda es comercializada en forma directa por su tamaño o por maltrato. Se obtuvo un plan de calidad de producto y el licor de mandarina, determinándose los parámetros de control de las variables necesarias para desarrollo del proceso de producción y así obtener un producto estándar
Fssc22000-1. Una Visión del Sistema de Certificación en Inocuidad de Alimentos
Authors: Bernal Saenz Laura Marcela
Published: May 2017

FSSC22000 fue desarrollado en Europa en el año 2009 y surgió del interés de grandes compañías como Nestlé, Danone, Unilever, Coca Cola, Kraft Products, entre otras, de adoptar un nuevo modelo de certificación en inocuidad para todos sus proveedores de materias primas. Está basado en la integración de la Norma ISO 22000 y la guía de pre-requisitos generales BSI-PAS 220. El estándar ha sido promovido por la Confederación Europea de Industrias de Alimentación y Bebidas (CIAA), y aprobado por Iniciativa Global para la Seguridad Alimentaria (GFSI). Desde el año 2009 hasta el 28 de septiembre de 2015 (fecha de estudio) se habían certificado en el mundo 10.595 plantas de producción, encontrándose Nestlé, Cargill y Mondelez en los tres primeros puestos; Estados Unidos liderando la lista; Japón, China, India y México ocupando los 5 primeros lugares yAmérica Latina aportando el 10,9% de compañías certificadas, destacándose México con mayor número. El objetivo principal de este artículo es dar a conocer el último sistema de inocuidad desarrollado para las plantas manufactureras de la cadena de alimentos, basado en los criterios que establece la FFSC, Fundación encargada de administrar el modelo en todo el mundo. La metodología utilizada recoge dos elementos fundamentales para su desarrollo: la experiencia de la autora en implementación de sistemas de gestión y la recopilación de fuentes documentales de diferentes autores y organizaciones.
Seguridad informática en el siglo xx : una perspectiva jurídica tecnológica enfocada hacia las organizaciones nacionales y mundiales
Authors: Candelario Samper Juan José , Rodríguez Bolaño Moisés
Published: May 2017

Sin ninguna duda, el indetenible progreso de la informática en pleno siglo XXI ha facilitado que la información se transforme en un insumo comercial para una gran cantidad de naciones alrededor del mundo y en un activo de gran valor que, bajo cualquier circunstancia, debe ser protegido para  garantizar los elementos básicos de la seguridad: integridad, confidencialidad y disponibilidad. Las medidas convenientes para conseguir este objetivo pueden discriminarse desde muchos ámbitos o aspectos: administrativo, organizativo, físico, técnico, legal, pedagógico y jurídico. En este artículo se pretende dar a conocer algunos parámetros que se han estipulado internacionalmente con relación a la seguridad informática, específicamente en lo que tiene que ver con la protección de datos de los usuarios en organizaciones, con un determinado propósito. A partir de lo anterior, lo que se intenta es crear un tipo de cultura con respecto a fortalecerse en esta era de la información, e indagar por la existencia de políticas de seguridad de la información ajustadas tanto a la legislación nacional como internacional, alineadas en lo fundamentado en los distintos estándares que se han formulado para alcanzar tales fines. Existen mecanismos como la detección y defensa contra virus e intrusiones o para conseguir confidencialidad basados en cifrado simple que se emplea para visualizar la perspectiva que en materia jurídica y legal se ha expandido por todo el globo terráqueo; este radica en los contenidos que proponen los decretos, leyes y enmiendas estipulados como mecanismos de regulación en asuntos relacionados con dicha contextualización.
Marco de referencia para la gestión de TI centrada en la creación de valor compartido, aplicado a una propuesta de formación en maestría
Authors: Millán Cifuentes Andrés Felipe , González Clavijo Claudio Camilo
Published: May 2017

La tecnología de información (TI) es un habilitante para la creación de valor para las organizaciones existentes o nuevas; sin embargo, muchos proyectos que usan TI fracasan por no lograr alinearse con los objetivos estratégicos de la empresa. Esta realidad ha interesado a la comunidad investigativa que ha trabajado en modelos de referencia para la gestión efectiva de TI orientada a la creación de valor. En años recientes, el concepto de valor ha sido redefinido por autores reconocidos del mundo de los negocios como Porter y Karmer quienes han planteado el enfoque de valor compartido, el cual consiste en que la empresa diseña propuestas de valor para que sus productos y/o servicios impacten positivamente
en problemas relevantes de la sociedad. Esta visión reconoce la intersección que hay entre la sociedad y el rendimiento corporativo, orientando a la organización para que sus productos y/o servicios afecten
de forma positiva los problemas y necesidades sociales. Esta investigación plantea una propuesta de un marco de referencia para la gestión efectiva de TI orientada a crear valor compartido; igualmente, presenta una aproximación práctica del marco de referencia en el diseño curricular de un programa de maestría en el área de gestión de TI.
Diseño y Operación de Planta Piloto para la Producción de Biodiesel a Partir de Aceites de Freido
Authors: Morales Pedraza Nelly , Diaz Aldana Luis Alejandro
Published: May 2017

The objective of this article is present the pilot plant used in the research titled: Production of biodiesel from used edible oils to industrial level for the production of methyl or ethyl esters from vegetable oils used in the food industry that be used as a fuel in diesel engines type, in order to generate alternative use for these oils are reused, and additionally, generate new options in biofuels that can replace methyl ester, since these need of methanol, a product that usually is a derived petrochemical and highly toxic.

In this small-scale plant for the production of ethyl esters (biodiesel) can be evaluated spent oils of different kinds and diverse origin, or study oils from food industries, which are usually a blend of palm oil and soybean oil, and other times palm oils hydrogenated or mixtures of oil spent with palm oil refning RBD (refned, bleached and deodorized).

The results are the basis for the design and construction of a pilot plant to produce biodiesel by lot of 6 liter by hour approximately, which is evaluated under simulated conditions of loading and operation. It was designed and implemented a batch reactor with heating and stirring mechanics, drivers with temperature, condensation and total alcohol refux, maintaining a molar relationship of 6:1 (alcohol/oil), which is considered the best relation for a esterification with basic catalysis several scientifc publications. The temperature of the reaction is set at 60 °C and atmospheric pressure. The productivity of the reaction
Review: bacterias lácticas: funcionalidad, polisacáridos, potencial terapéutico y aplicaciones en alimentos
Authors: Mondragón Bernal Olga Lucía , Maugeri Filho Francisco
Published: May 2017

This review shows the recent acid lactic bacteria advances, their functional and therapeutic potential, synthesis of polisaccharides and their possibilities of application in the cultures of starter industry, foods and healthful-foods. There are included topics that go from the origin of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), tipic and industrial products applications, their biological and genetic characteristics, description of a diverse number of strains, their main products of fermentation, with a greater approach in the exo-polisaccharides producing for the application in the food industry, as well as concepts and advances in functional food like the symbiotic ones, until the future perspective of researchs.
Diagnóstico de Lluvia Ácida y Condiciones Meteorológicas Asociadas en el Barrio La Candelaria – Bogotá D.C.
Authors: López Jiménez Víctor Leonardo , Herrera Torres Gabriel
Published: May 2017

El presente proyecto se desarrolló con el fin de establecer la realidad sobre la acidez de la lluvia en el barrio La Candelaria y para estudiar, además, la relación de este fenómeno con las condiciones atmosféricas predominantes en este sector de Bogotá. Al inicio del estudio fue necesario diseñar e instalar una red de estaciones de muestreo en sitios estratégicos de la localidad, seleccionados de acuerdo con criterios específicos. Para la toma y manejo de las muestras se siguieron protocolos, previamente elaborados, donde se determinaron los momentos de recolección de las muestras de lluvia (en la mañana y al finalizar la tarde) y la metodología para los análisis de laboratorio. En todos los casos el valor del pH de la muestra se tomó in-situ; los análisis de nitratos y sulfatos, en cambio, se realizaron en el laboratorio de Ingeniería Ambiental de la Universidad de la Salle. El proceso de recolección y análisis de muestras estuvo acompañado del monitoreo permanente de las condiciones atmosféricas reinantes en la localidad. Como resultado de la investigación se pudo establecer el nivel de acidez de la lluvia y su distribución espacio temporal en la localidad de La Candelaria. Se pudo determinar, además, la estrecha relación que existe entre las condiciones climatológicas y la acidez de la precipitación en esta franja de la ciudad.
Population ageing alongside health care spending growth
Authors: Jakovljevic Mihajlo
Published: May 2017

The Silver Tsunami or population ageing has become a globally widespread phenomenon. The purpose of this review is to observe its dynamics and consequences from a local Balkan perspective. The main drivers of this unique demographic evolution are extended longevity, improved early childhood survival, absorption of women into the labor markets, and consequences of sexual revolution leading to falling female fertility. This process lasting well over a century is taking its toll on contemporary societies. Major side effects are shrinking young labor force and growing pool of elderly and retired citizens in many countries. This equation tends to worsen further in the future threatening long-term financial sustainability of public social and health insurance funds. Notable health expenditure growth, accelerating worldwide since the 1960s, is to a large degree attributable to ageing itself. Growing share of senior citizens increases demand for medical services and costs of health care provision. Home-based care provided by the family caregivers presents another important reality putting a huge burden on modern communities. Serbs are no exception in this landscape. Historical demographic evolution of this nation gives a clear evidence of advanced and accelerated ageing, which is well documented in post-World War II era. This synthesis of rich published evidence shows clear upward parallel trend between the pace of population aging and the growth of health expenditure. National authorities shall be forced to consider reform of the current health care financing pattern inherited from the demographic growth era. This might be the only way to smooth out the impact of population ageing on the financial sustainability of the health system and long-term medical care in Serbia.
STATE AND PROSPECTS OF SHIP ENGINE-BUILDING IN RUSSIA
Authors: Bezjukov Oleg Konstantinovich , Zhukov Vladimir Anatoljevich
Published: May 2017

The course of the government of the Russian Federation for the development of the sea and river fleet is determined by a number of Federal target programs. These programs provide for the modernization of the composition of the sea, river and fishing fleet. The article provides analysis of the current state of the civil fleet of the Russian Federation, as well as an overview of engines that are part of the power plants of the vessels in service. There are considered prospects for the development of shipbuilding in Russia on the basis of plans for construction of different purpose vessels. Achieving the goal set by the fovernment should be ensured taking into account the policy of import substitution of the most important elements of sea and river technology. The authors state that the solution of the tasks is impossible without the development of ship propulsion engineering in Russia. The article presents the review of engine-building enterprises of the Russian Federation and products manufactured by them, most attention being given to engine rotational velocity and output. The authors give a comparative analysis to diesel engines produced in Russia and engines of leading foreign manufacturers, which is based on main technical and economic parameters, such as specific effective fuel consumption, average effective pressure, specific gravity, etc. The results of analysis helped to establish the most promising domestic manufacturers of diesel engines capable to compete with foreign manufacturers of marine diesel engines. The article shows the prospects of converting versatile engines produced at domestic enterprises into marine engines, with appropriate modernization of their systems and use of domestic components in their design which meet modern requirements. The article shows the most promising engines of Russian manufacturers, their technical and economic characteristics, which ensure competitiveness; gives the dimensions of advanced engines. The article contains recommendations for ensuring the developing and production of competitive marine engines intended for sea, fishing and river fleets in the Russian Federation.
VIBROACOUSTIC TESTING OF TRIBOUNITS ENDURANCE
Authors: Efremov Leonid Vladimirovich , Tikalov Andrey Vladimirovich , Baeva Lyudmila Sanduovna
Published: May 2017

For the development of standards of timing and amount of shipboard equipment maintenance and repair it is important to study and improve the theory and practice of evaluation of endurance of such friction pairs as sliding bearings. In the diagnosis of rolling bearings vibroacoustic methods are widely used, but, as for sliding bearings, these methods are still at the stage of research with respect to friction. Thereby, the results of testing different types of tribounit samples on friction test machines have been studied. There have been done vibration measurements for given conditions (rotation speed and load), where the root mean square values (RMS) of vibrational acceleration a in m/s2 or dB for acceleration were used as main diagnostic parameters. The authors have investigated dependencies of vibration levels for each band of tri-band spectrum on rotational speed, load, lubrication, surface roughness with respect to temperature, coefficient of friction and wear resistance. It has been proved that the source of VHF vibration of RMS is friction in coupling, depending on the surface condition and lubrication type of the friction pair. Dependency of acceleration RMS level on rotational speed and load of the sample has been stated. The results allow to infer about the effectiveness of the proposed tri-band vibroacoustic characteristics of the tribounits using vibrometer CM-21. This method can be used for diagnostics of sliding bearings, which can require standardization of modes and conditions of measurement and the establishment of zones of maximum permitted levels of the object state.
DEVELOPMENT OF STRUCTURAL SOLUTIONS FOR PREVENTION OF WAVE RUN-UP OF THE BOW
Authors: Burakovskiy Pavel Evgenievich
Published: May 2017

One of the most dangerous situations for seagoing ships is wave run-up in a head sea. In such a case, significant hydrodynamic forces appear resulting in stability loss or ship hull damage. The paper presents structural solutions that contribute towards navigation safety by means of decreasing probability of wave run-up of the ship bow in a head sea. A design has been developed of a ship stabilizer in the form of hinge-mounted stabilizing wings which deflect from the hull when the bow submerges in water and then cling to it when it emerges. The paper presents a new design of the bulwark with rotating sections able to rotate in the direction from the deck to the board. These designs can reduce dipping in a wave and reduce hydrodynamic impact on the bow. Apart from this, a hull structure has been proposed with a detachable bow to prevent capsizing of a ship. If the hydrodynamic force reaches a critical value, destruction of a permanent joint will happen in the proposed design, resulting in the situation when leak-proof aft and bow parts detach and remain afloat, which will allow the crew to evacuate. The proposed designs will increase navigation safety in storm conditions.
IMPORTANCE OF SIMULATION MODELLING FOR TECHNOLOGICAL DESIGN AND EVALUATING PARAMETERS OF CARGO TERMINALS
Authors: Kirichenko Alexander Viktorovich , Kuznetsov Alexander Lvovich , Pogodin Vladimir Alekseyevich , Shcherbakova-Slyusarenko Victoria Nikolaevna
Published: May 2017

Cargo terminals are nodal elements of the transport infrastructure, forming the shape of the basic transportation network, which in its turn builds the foundation for the regional economy. Accordingly, the costs of the design, construction and operation of cargo terminal of any scale - from cargo yard to international hub - are very high, but much higher are the consequences of their optimal or poor economic performance connected to the transformation of cargo flows. So, the problem of the perception of the economic profile of the developing or reconstructed terminals on the stage of their technological design remains actual, not only regarding the aspects of an engineering installation equipped with the set of technical means, but the aspect of two main operational processes - internal processes of the terminal and the external processes of the senior level of the transport system. This dynamics could be represented adequately and accurately studied with simulation techniques. The article studies the technologic aspects of the port and terminal design arriving to conclusions of their development insufficiency of the traditional analytical methods in current conditions. The role and the place of the mathematical simulation in the technological design, the history of its development, the current state have been discussed. New possibilities of simulation modelling and new problems connected with the adequacy proving have been identified. The general principles of the adequacy problem solution for the field of technologic design of the sea ports have been covered.
Perancangan Model Pengukuran Kinerja Green Supply Chain Pulp dan Kertas
Authors: Saputra Hendra , Fithri Prima
Published: May 2017

Green supply chain performance measurement system is required to manage environmental risk, increase competitive and obtain appropriate strategy for company. Performance measurement system in PT RAPP only focus on midstream and downstream operation related with manufacturing processes and supplier. The problem is how to redesign existing performance measurement system for pulp and paper in PT RAPP, so that downstream operation related with distributor can be integrated into green supply chain performance measurement system. Research objective designing conceptual and computer model for green supply chain measurement of pulp and wherein information entire supply chain can be managed well. Conceptual model is designed with involving activities such as stakeholder identification, stakeholder green requirement analysis, green objective identification, and KPI weighting. Supply chain operations reference (SCOR) metric is applied to identify key performance indicator (KPI). KPI weighting is determined by AHP method. Computer application is designed by combining database, mathematical formulation, and user interface. it is designed to implement conceptual model. Research result is consisting of two levels with fifteen objectives and twenty seven KPI’s. Proposed application has capability to support decision maker in calculating partial and total performance measure each period. It is designed specifically with quantitative measure to support operational decision making related with environmental aspect.Keywords: Green, supply chain, SCOR, performance measure