bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mangrove infrastructure for the economic development of local communities in Naranjal - Ecuador
Authors: Orellana-Alvear Boris , Hidalgo Juan , Ordoñez Alfredo , Zalamea Esteban
Published: June 2022

Mangrove ecosystems are of significant environmental and economic importance. Large populations worldwide depend on mangroves for their resources and food supply. Following mangrove data of 1997, Ecuador had an area of 2,469 km² of mangroves. This area has suffered some reductions due to farming, industrial activities, and urbanization in recent years. At the same time, local communities depend on the collection and commercialization of mangrove products as their primary income source. Infrastructure projected in mangrove areas needs a remarkable treatment with a holistic approach to consider technological, social, environmental, and economic aspects. The project will focus on the community 6 de Julio of the zone of Naranjal-Ecuador. One of the primary income sources of this community is the collection and commercialization of the mangrove crab, which is collected at the nearby mangrove areas authorized by the Ministry of Environment, for which the community needs to abide by the regulations and closure periods to guarantee the sustainability of the activity. The primary research's objective is to study the best infrastructure options to help with the crab collection activity. So, it is safer and cleaner and aims to diversify activities such as touristic or educational that can become an alternative income source during the closure periods and reduce the dependence on the crab collection.
Validation of Maintenance Management Core Elements for Higher Educational Institution Buildings in developing Countries Education Sector.
Authors: Fatai Ogunbayo Babatunde , Aigbavboa Clinton , Akinradewo Opeoluwa , Oguntona Olusegun , Thwala Didi
Published: June 2022

Maintenance management (MM) is a preventive management philosophy that provides a platform to retain assets value, improve life quality, improve risk cost and productivity in maintenance organisations. Given this contextual setting, the study examines whether core elements of MM utilised in developed countries are relevant in developing countries, using higher education institutional (HEI) buildings in the Nigeria education sector as a case study. In obtaining data for this study, an empirical research design was employed. Precisely, a Delphi study piloted showed eight (8) core elements that influence effective maintenance management of HEI buildings in Nigeria. Of these eight (5) cores elements, five (5) of the elements have a very high influence on maintenance management of HEI buildings (VHI: 9.00 -10.00), and three (3) other elements had a high influence (HI: 7.00-8.99). The key finding from the study reveals that the core elements that influence maintenance management of HEI buildings include organisational maintenance policies, maintenance budget, human resources management, training, monitoring and supervision, maintenance information, communication among stakeholders, and maintenance culture. The study's finding indicated that these core elements are related to those of other countries, and effective MM of HEI buildings in developing countries education sectors is guaranteed when these core elements are integrated into the maintenance processes and operations.
Core Competencies Required for Construction Project Success: The Project Management Angle
Authors: Akinshipe Olushola , Aigbavboa Clinton , Babatunde Fatai Ogunbayo , Thwala Didi
Published: June 2022

Projects are designed to accomplish a specific goal within a predetermined amount of time, but not every project meets its goals within the allotted time frame. In order for a construction project to be executed successfully, a competent team has to work closely together and implement project goals, and a project manager usually leads the team. For any project to succeed, every stakeholder, including the sponsor and implementation team, is responsible for its completion. However, the project manager has a vital role to play. This study, therefore, seeks to investigate the core competencies necessary for successfully completing a construction project. The study, conducted in Gauteng Province, South Africa, surveyed construction professionals. Survey results were used to develop a relative importance index. Findings from the survey revealed that innovative thinking, problem-solving skills, dependability, emotional maturity and control, confidence are vital traits required from project stakeholders to successfully complete projects. The study classified the identified competencies into two categories relating to personality traits and managerial traits. It was, therefore, concluded specific competencies must be inherent in project team members and management for a project to reach successful completion.
Lisbon’s Metropolitan Public Space Network as an opportunity for the management of the urban water cycle.
Authors: Matos Silva Maria , Beja Da Costa Ana
Published: June 2022

Stormwater management has been essentially controlled by specific technical and specialized disciplines that have authoritatively decided upon the necessary actions. An example of this is the recent Drainage Master Plan for the city of Lisbon, which mostly relies on the creation and optimization of singular, mono-functional, hard-engineering infrastructure that is uniquely focused on draining potentially valuable stormwater away from the urban area. The need to revisit contemporary practices regarding the management of pluvial waters is widely established in literature (Gersonius et al., 2013, Hartmann and Driessen, 2013), not only when considering climate change projections, and the associated exacerbation of precipitation extremes and consequent urban flooding, but also when acknowledging pluvial water as the ultimate resource for urban resilience. Faced with this challenge, numerous cities have been maturing their relationship with water through flood adaptation projects that explore water’s bountiful regenerative and ecological capacities (Matos Silva, 2020). In these projects, one can further note an attempt for a coherent elasticity and connection among similar strategies in different scales. Indeed, all flood adaptation measures are more effective and provide a broader benefit if articulated and interconnected with each other at different scales. In the research project “MetroPublicNet” (Santos et al., 2020) public space qualification projects in Lisbon Metropolitan Area since 1998 are identified and their rationales are critically revised in light of a future metropolitan public space network. Bearing in mind lessons from three specific cities (namely Rotterdam, New York, and London) regarding their relationships between existing flood adaptation strategies and metropolitan networks related to public space, this research aims to initiate the discussion on a new Metropolitan Flood Management Plan for Lisbon.Through this research, the importance of an effective interconnection between scales lies reinforced. By integrating a flood adaptation plan that is served and serves a Metropolitan Public Space Network, new urban interventions can more effectively contribute to more resilient, robust and adaptative territories.
The Liveable City - How Effective Planning for Infrastructure and Personal Mobility Can Improve People’s Experiences of Urban Life
Authors: Günther Madlen , Krems Josef
Published: June 2022

Aim of this research was to better understand the impact of urban infrastructure design on people’s perceived environmental quality, perceived safety and the motivation for active mobility within the city. The requirements for walking and cycling infrastructure were first generated in face-to-face interviews (N = 82). Then, in a within-subject design, N = 74 participants rated six pairs of photos of urban spaces before (low infrastructure quality) and after an appropriate infrastructure redesign (high infrastructure quality). 85.1% of the participants were women. The sample had a mean age of M = 22.6 years (SD = 6.46 years, Min = 18 years, Max = 58 years). Results show that urban spaces with high-quality walking and cycling infrastructure were rated with a significantly higher perceived environmental quality (t(73) = 11.62, p < .001, d = 1.34), perceived safety (t(73) = 11.68, p < .001, d = 1.35) and motivation to walk and/or cycle (t(73) = 23.47, p < .001, d = 2.71). Although the study samples were not representative, the results suggest that human factors should be a fundamental part of transport and urban planning.
Spatial Elements of Middle School Gymnasium Based on Youth Visual Perception
Authors: Wang Taiyang , Zeng Xianqi , Luo Peng
Published: June 2022

Middle school students are physically and psychologically different from adults. They are in a relatively special and rapidly changing phase. As the most penetrating level of environmental perception, visual perception directly affects the use of the space in middle school gymnasiums. Based on the human factors engineering problem of teenagers using campus gymnasiums to carry out sports activities, this study takes visual perception as the starting point and adopts the method of combining research and experiment. Through semi-structured interviews and grading questionnaires, the strong factors related to middle school students’ willingness to exercise and architectural space design were refined. A seven-differentiation evaluation scale was constructed by SD method, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on 1150 middle school students. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the statistical data, and multiple groups were compared by age group and gender, and thus corresponding design strategies were proposed. The paper aims at promoting the enthusiasm of youth sports development, and providing theoretical support for the construction and development of middle school gymnasiums.
How the COVID-19 pandemic fueled educational innovation in higher education.
Authors: Londoño Cristian , Naranjo Aide
Published: June 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic was the largest disruption to education systems in the world. Universities faced vulnerabilities such as low levels of digitization, deficits in their structures, low levels of digital literacy, and lack of financial resources. The students faced problems because they had low digital skills, less internet access and inadequate computers for a good virtual education. But the COVID-19 pandemic had another side. On the one hand, it meant the possibility of stimulating innovation in education. And on the other hand, it transformed several of the contexts for the implementation of the curriculum, so that various learning and skills became more relevant. In the present investigative work, the objective is to make visible the case of the Indoamerican University of Ecuador, which has a student population of 9,000 students and about 400 professors. The different actors were open to learning about educational technological tools, which helped to deal with complexity and uncertainty. In the present investigation it is established that the training in virtual education and the elaboration of digital material, the change of new educational platforms, the generation of MOOCs (Massive Online Open Courses), the radio programs and the production of academic ebooks, constituted educational innovations that supported the educational processes. at that university.
Design interactive teaching tools of programming language for senior high school students
Authors: Ting Huang Yu , Chen Chien-Hsu
Published: June 2022

In recent years, with the continuous advancement of technology, modern people live in the context of the digital age, they are proficient in various digital technologies, good at using mobile phones, computers, and smart home appliances, some people call them "digital natives". However, despite their familiarity with digital media, few can independently create new projects to solve life's problems. It’s as if they can read but don’t have the ability to write. Gradually, people began to realize the importance of programming languages. Programming education has become an important part of basic education, and more and more people are beginning to attach importance to computer science, programming logic, and computational thinking. Most countries have cultivated students' programming concepts from an early age, but programming languages begin to become abstract and difficult to understand when they reach a certain level. In high school, programming language courses are a difficult subject for many students. Generally, teaching aids are considered to enhance teaching effectiveness, promote learners’ cognition and make it easier to understand. That can help teachers express the content of the course more clearly when teaching. But sometimes, poorly designed teaching aids can become a more troublesome factor for teachers, such as delays in teaching time, leading to student misunderstandings or more problems, etc. Not every teaching aid is suitable as a classroom-aided learning tool. Therefore, this research will take the programming language courses of high school as the background, focus on the difficulties encountered by students in the classroom and design a set of interactive teaching aids “Pixel Button” for teaching algorithmic thinking. It is hoped that through Pixel Button, students' learning motivation and understanding will be enhanced.
3D modeling Logs Based Design Process Mining Method and Its Application for Design Education
Authors: Liu Qiaochu , Gao Wen , Huang Ziyu , Huang Weixin
Published: June 2022

Computer aided 3D Modeling design software has an important role in today's design industries from wide range of areas on various project stages. In previous design studies on architectural design process, the conclusions were always draw upon data from like textual records, pictorial representations, interviews, and semantic coding, which inevitability own shortcomings of subjectivity, laboratory-based data, and not fully controlled environment variables. In response to the above problems, we turn to another kind of data possibility: the event logs generated from 3D modeling software platform during computer aided design process. Since each step of design operations is recorded in the event logs, the design behavioral sequences can be fully tracked. A method for design process study is hence developed based on event logs mining. With quantitative, objective and tractable characteristics, the method can help studying the problem-solving process of designers in CAD environment and summarizing design cognition conclusions. In this paper, we attempted to apply this method to a real college course in the School of Architecture at Tsinghua University. More than 100 junior students major in architecture participated in the course. Rhinoceros 3D(Rhino) was chosen as the CAD tool in this study for its popularity and wide-use in architecture and design educations. By building up a data recording plug-in in Rhino, our proposed method realizes digital supervision and data collection for the entire designer modeling design process, allowing students as researches to extract information including operational command name, command time, 3D object generation information, designer annotative and retrospective records and etc.. The method and this developed plug-in tool can automatically record and filter the large amount of data generated in 3D modeling process, which simplifies the data collection process, improves the quality of the data, and provides a new kind of data source and research method for the study of design process in CAD environment. Our course-based case study lead to some interesting conclusion and provides window for students to understand and perceive the design process through data mining based on event logs.
State Program for Youth Worker - An Innovative Form for Training Specialists about Youth Work
Authors: Levchenko Nataliia , Baldyniuk Olena , Karpych Iryna , Boiko Olha , Klymenko Yuliya , Koliada Natalia
Published: June 2022

In accordance with the tasks and measures for the implementation of the State Targeted Social Program «Youth of Ukraine» for 2016-2020, the Government's Priority Action Plan for 2018 and in order to provide young people with knowledge and skills through non-formal education as a modern form of meeting the educational needs of individuals implementation plan of program «Youth Worker» was developed. The program provides a set of interrelated tasks and activities for the implementation of state policy in the sphere of youth, acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary for self-realization of youth. The Program is implemented at the national, regional and local levels and is based on the principles of partnership, as well as the principles of non-formal education. The article covers formation and development of the program «Youth Worker»; the educational content of the program is outlined in accordance with the training modules; statistical data and reports of the program were studied; the forms of realization of the program «Youth Worker» are covered. The program is designed for representatives of civil society institutions working with youth and civil servants responsible for the implementation of state policy in the youth sphere at the national, local, regional levels, as well as for other people involved in the youth work. During the implementation of the Program (since 2014) more than 2,800 youth workers from all regions of Ukraine have been trained, in particular, in 2019 1,055 specialists were trained. To achieve goal of the study a set of general scientific methods was used: analysis of scientific publications to outline the essence of the problems of formation and development of the program «Youth Worker»; analysis and synthesis - to highlight the peculiarities of the development of the program «Youth Worker» in Ukraine; systematization and generalization of problems of formation and development of the program «Youth Worker» in Ukraine to formulate conclusions based on the results of the study. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the formation and development of the program «Youth Worker» in Ukraine. The results of the survey of participants in the basic training «Youth Worker» in 2019 state that most participants fully or partially considered themselves youth workers before the training - 95.2%, after the training - 97.7%. Conclusions. Formation and development of the program «Youth Worker» in Ukraine is an innovative form of training professionals to work with young people. And also an important stage of implementation and realization of youth policy, youth work and popularization of the specialist - of the youth worker. Every year the popularity of the youth workers training program increases. The results of the survey state that more than 90% of participants consider themselves youth workers and apply all the acquired knowledge and skills in their practical activities.
Development of a Method to Visualize the Approximate Synchronization Ratio of a Teaching Material Clickstream in Class
Authors: Dobashi Konomu
Published: June 2022

This study proposes a method for a large number of university students to analyze the synchronization ratio in opening teaching materials in classes using Moodle learning management system (LMS) and online teaching materials. Furthermore, this research analyzes the results in terms of both educational technology and ergonomics and discusses the improvement in the interaction between teachers and learners. Learners’ reactions are influenced not only by the teacher's instructions, but also by various factors such as the quality of the content, the method of presenting the teaching materials, the performance of the software, and the performance of the monitor screen. Therefore, using the proposed method, the analysis was limited to the clickstream of the teaching material accumulated in the LMS. The time-series cross-section displays the synchronization ratio of teaching materials in the class in graphs and tables at intervals of between 1 and 5 minutes. Moreover, since the synchronization ratio is based on the time-series cross-section for each learner, one can observe the synchronized learners, the learners who open the teaching materials late, and the learners who never open the teaching materials.
Industry-University-Research" Collaborative Innovative Compound Talent Evaluation System Design Study and Application
Authors: Liu Yonghong , Yin Yanlin , Lin Keyan , Song Yiming , Lin Siyue
Published: June 2022

Explore a scientifically compound talent evaluation system which is suitable for the needs of Industry-University-Research Collaborative innovation, to better serve the collaborative innovation activities of various industries and fields. This research upgrading and innovating a method for constructing talent evaluation system based on Industry-University-Research collaborative innovation needs, design and reconstruction the university laboratory talent evaluation system under the background of "New Engineering Disciplines" with this method. This paper demonstrates how to construct a new user group for talent evaluation system, export and transfer their requirements. This paper design and reconstruction of evaluation system, mining of evaluation indicators, visualization of evaluation results, and design of how to use evaluation results. This research case outputs a modularized combination of University Laboratory talent evaluation system, which consists of 5 major modules, 22 secondary indicators and 95 tertiary indicators. The feasibility, validity and innovation of the results of this study were verified by expert review.
Assessing the emotional state in teachers and university administrative staff when returning to presential work.
Authors: Pérez Doris , Arias-Flores Hugo , Guadalupe-Lanas Jorge
Published: June 2022

Social distancing and security measures have contained the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, the return to face-to-face activities is necessary for specific companies, and some higher education institutions have already done so. The various disorders that this new reality could generate have motivated the present study, which aims to analyze the emotional state of teachers and administrative staff. The instrument used was the abbreviated depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) with an internal consistency index of 0.87. The methodology was based on applying a survey to 202 participants from Quito, Ecuador. The sample consisted of 97 men, and 105 women, aged between 23 and 59 years. A quantitative and cross-sectional design was used in this research. The results show that 40.1% of the respondents presented anxiety, 36.63% depression, and 38.61% stress between mild and highly severe categories. Thus, returning to-face-to-face mode has affected the emotional state of many people, showing differences according to the job position, being anxiety as the highest self-identified incidence rate.
Blended Learning Approach to Youth Entrepreneurship Skills Development
Authors: Čiutienė Rūta , Čiarnienė Ramunė
Published: June 2022

The relevance of youth entrepreneurship education has been growing recently. There is also a growing trend to focus on blended learning. However, there is still a gap of knowledge on how blended learning approach can foster youth entrepreneurship education. The paper examines the preconditions for application of blended learning approach to develop youth entrepreneurship skills at school level. Empirical research is based on the case of Lithuanian–Polish cross-border cooperation project “Business can be simple”. The research revealed that blended learning mentoring was helpful as it led to the development of new innovative products and solution of problems. To achieve a smooth blended learning process, emphasis should be placed on time planning, mutual communication, motivation of students, and experience and competence of educators.
Construction of Comprehensive Evaluation Model for Non-Technical Skills of Art Teacher under Cross-Discipline
Authors: Yao Zhang , Yating Zhao , Du Yihang
Published: June 2022

Non-technical skills (NTS) refer to the cognitive and interpersonal capability contributing to working performance according to occupation requirements. The NTS of arts education teachers improves education and teaching quality in the art discipline. To evaluate arts education teachers' NTS, we first designed a questionnaire analyzing four dimensions: decision-making, communication skills, self-management, and situational awareness. We extracted twelve indexes of NTS through the data analysis and established an evaluation model. Subsequently, we adopted the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for weight calculation and constructed a comprehensive evaluation model of art teachers. This model can provide a practical method and basis for evaluating, training, and selecting art teachers in colleges and universities and improving their NTS.
Student Perceptions of Traditional and Simulated Learning in Greenhouse Management
Authors: Werner Abigail , Deb Shuchisnigdha , Rahman Rafia , A A Fox Amelia , L Harkess Richard , Carruth Daniel , R. Hudson Christopher
Published: June 2022

Environmental control (EC) units in the greenhouse environment help maximize yields and profits by minimizing energy and labor costs. Instructing students to properly and confidently employ ECs in greenhouse management is critically importance to food production advancement. This paper summarizes existing literature and comprehensive reviews on different teaching methods and student learning behavior for greenhouse environment control and survey tools for understanding student skills attainment. It also focuses on determining which survey items and tools successfully assess academic success, student engagement, and investigate if a particular educational tool developed is the best fit for specific learning outcomes. Findings demonstrate students are more interested in detail-oriented course materials, are receptive to feedback, and want to become confident applying their learning to real-world problems.
WebQuest as a Factor of Teaching Teamwork
Authors: Shaposhnikova Tatiana , Gerashchenko Alexander , Shabanova Tatiana , Vyazankova Victoria , Romanova Marina
Published: June 2022

An educational WebQuest can and should be used in teaching teamwork to students. Readiness for social interaction and implementation of one’s role in a team is a fundamentally important personal and professional quality (i.e., a subsystem of social and professional competency) in the modern world. The organization of group work of students is a mechanism for the development of both teamwork skills and personal experience of this work. The digital transformation of the educational environment creates favorable conditions for the development of competences as well as personal and professional qualities of students, including the willingness to work in a team: in the digital educational environment, it is possible to organize information interaction between students. An educational WebQuest as a competency-based learning technology stimulates both individual and group activities of students, which can be managed by students themselves. The authors have substantiated that version control in performing WebQuest tasks is an effective mechanism for obtaining primary information, which makes it possible to assess students’ readiness to work in a team. A method of processing the primary information reflecting the actions (and their results) during the students’ teamwork is proposed in this connection. The research involves a pedagogical experiment performed at Kuban State Technological University (Krasnodar, Russia), including the university-based regional school technology park. The analysis of the factual data shows the high efficiency of using WebQuests for organizing teamwork of both junior university students and school students involved in studying at the technology park. The theoretical significance of the research results is that they can contribute to further scientific understanding of such a problem as the development of students’ readiness for social interaction and realization of their role in the team, the practical significance lies in the fact that the research results can be a basis for the design of pedagogical technologies aimed at developing the specified personal and professional quality in students.
Integration of Immersive Learning Simulation and Augmented Reality for Healthcare Training: Towards a Transmedia Solution to Address the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Andrews Anya , Nelson Doug
Published: June 2022

Immersive Learning Simulation (ILS) and Augmented Reality (AR) technologies hold tremendous potential for transforming training and education for healthcare professionals and patients. While both ILS and AR have demonstrated an unprecedented level of success in a variety of healthcare training and education applications, particularly in the last few years, combining the two approaches remains a relatively uncharted territory. This is largely due to the relative lack of evidence-based methods, strategies, and practical guidance for the design and implementation of mixed reality and transmedia learning environments. This paper presentation will discuss new integration strategies for bringing together the ILS and AR technologies to provide a mixed transmedia learning experience where the virtual and physical components seamlessly co-exist to create a new level of sophistication for education, training, and human performance support. The ILS/AR integration strategies will be presented within the context of an ongoing federally-sponsored research effort that aims to design, develop, and evaluate an innovative learning solution to help address the national opioid crisis with an ultimate goal of improving outcomes for people at risk for opioid misuse and overdose. Focusing on the training needs of healthcare professionals, first responders, and ordinary people (family members, caregivers, etc.) who are on the frontlines of the ongoing opioid crisis, the presented integrated ILS/AR solution illustrates how this transmedia approach can be used for training diverse learner audiences. Based on this research effort, the presenters will share practical insights, lessons learned, and best practices for the design of comprehensive integrated ILS/AR-based solutions that can be easily applied to create effective and engaging learning experiences for a broad spectrum of training, education, and human performance support needs.
Psycho-emotional state of school children in conditions of quarantine limitations and distance learning
Authors: Kravchenko Oksana , Safin Oleksandr , Potapchuk Yevhen , Bobrynova Svitlana , Karpova Dariia
Published: June 2022

The changes that occur at the psychological level have affected the ability to perceive reality and control emotional stress. Increased anxiety is associated with a feeling of loss of control and the inability to distance oneself from automatic negative thoughts that arise as a result of psychological contagion.The purpose of the study is to highlight the features of the psycho-emotional state of schoolchildren in conditions of quarantine restrictions and distance learning.A questionnaire was chosen as a methodological study, the purpose of which is to study the psychological state of schoolchildren and determine their attitude to the need for quarantine and, therefore, distance learning. Studies show that the negative effects of stress are deeper in children under 10 years old. Children of different ages react differently to stressful events.The development of recommendations for children of different ages in order to overcome the consequences of social isolation involves creating opportunities for children of different ages to acquire the necessary psychological knowledge, skills and abilities, which will reduce the effects of quarantine.The creation of a new social reality, due to inevitable changes in the minds of citizens of Ukraine and each individual state, is a systemic process that requires reconstruction of the focus of perception, increasing the vitality and awareness of each person. However, in our opinion, it is necessary to influence children first, because they are more receptive and only form worldviews and values. Eventually, their influence will be decisive in changing the attitude of older generations to the consequences of quarantine, which will establish an internal readiness for negative external factors and formation of adaptive coping strategies of behavior in conditions of social uncertainty and existential crisis.
Monitoring the efficiency of the educational process in the conditions of distance learning
Authors: Reznichenko Irina , Makarchuk Victoriya , Tkachuk Myroslava , Bezliudna Vita , Dobryden Alla , Okolnycha Tetiana
Published: June 2022

The article investigates the efficiency of the educational process in the conditions of distance learning in the Cherkasy region during the second wave of the pandemic. The results and analysis of a questionnaire survey of teachers in Uman schools, conducted in order to test the effectiveness of distance learning, are presented. The main psychological problems that arose in the conditions of distance learning mode are identified, and a number of methodological recommendations for all participants in the educational process to overcome these problems are developed.
Analyzing Korean Reading course and Designing Education -A Focus on learner's eye-tracking analysis-
Authors: Nam Min Seung , Im Jungnam , Subramaniyam Murali
Published: June 2022

The purpose of this study is to propose a model for designing reading education that can improve reading ability by identifying and linguistically analyzing how the reading ability required for reading-comprehension is presented at each learner level. In this study, the eye-tracking experiment was conducted with divided into lexical and sentence levels which are the stage of comprehension corresponding to the subelement of the reading-comprehension, and the results are as follows. First, at the lexical level, it was confirmed that cognitive speed differs depending on the degree of preservation of the base form of the conjugations of the predicates with the same base form. Second, at the sentence level, we confirmed that the unstable reading-comprehension process appeared in the complex compared to the short sentence, even if the sentence length, vocabulary level, and vocabulary were similar and in the case of that the sentence has the same meaning. This paper suggests that the spelling, vocabulary, conjugation, grammar knowledge that correspond to the lower level should be included as the elements of education.
How Does Color Matching of Web-based Courseware Affect Learners' Satisfaction
Authors: Zhang Zichen , Liu Sha , Li Weiyi
Published: June 2022

More and more network teaching activities make the visual design of multimedia courseware become more and more important. As the main means and tools of auxiliary teaching, multimedia courseware carries a large amount of information, and because of the important influence of color on the audience's attention, recognition, pleasure and other aspects, it is particularly important to choose the right color and collocation of courseware. This paper discusses the influence of different combinations of courseware background color and text color on audience satisfaction in multimedia network teaching. In this experiment, 56 undergraduates were tested by scale, and the hue, lightness, purity and text color of background color were taken as experimental variables. Firstly, taking the hue of the background color as the independent variable, the experiments are carried out when the text color is black and white respectively. Then, in accordance with the same method, the purity and brightness of background color were taken as independent variables respectively, and the experimental data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, fitting curve, paired sample T test and other methods. The results showed that :(1) different background colors had significant influence on viewers' satisfaction (P< 0.05), and due to different text colors (black and white), audience satisfaction is different. Among them, when the text color is black, under different hue background, the audience's satisfaction is ranked from high to the bottom: orange, yellow-green, green, blue-green; When the text color is white, blue, bluish purple are preferred. In addition, the greater the difference between background color and text color, the clearer the visual presentation of content and the higher the satisfaction (P< 0.05). (2) Under the change of brightness of different background colors, viewers' satisfaction also showed significant difference (P< 0.05), the higher the brightness of background color, the higher the satisfaction degree, showing an exponential relationship basically. (3) There was no significant difference in viewer satisfaction between different background colors (P> 0.05). The result of this study, through the data, provides the basis for the color design of network multimedia courseware, which is beneficial to improve the learning experience of the audience in the network teaching.
A Study for the Impact of Value Co-creation on Course Performance in Higher Education
Authors: Lu Lu , Tang Hsien-Hui
Published: June 2022

Value co-creation has become an increasingly important issue in higher education. Existing studies point out that value co-creation has many effects on students and teaching, but there are few studies on the effects of value co-creation on students’ course performance. Whether the degree of instructional value co-creation is reflected in student performance is the main issue of this study. Thus, with the course Digital Publication Design as the case study, this study uses a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a sample of 33 students to investigate the relationship between value co-creation and students’ course performance in higher education. The results indicate that the degree of value co-creation in the course does not positively affect the course grade, which may be related to the inadequacy of existing scoring mechanisms and the degree of student motivation to engage in co-creation. The paper concludes with further discussions of modifications to the experimental study to and for subsequent use of co-creation in higher education.
Models and Measures of Arts Teacher Competency under COVID-19 Normalization
Authors: Yan Pei , Manman Wang , Yating Zhao , Du Yihang
Published: June 2022

Arts teacher competency refer to the collection of professional skills and personality traits that contribute to excellent working performance in accordance to occupation requirements. The education has a huge changed from traditional face-to-face classroom to online environment when the epidemic normalization of COVID-19, and the change has a profound impact on teaching method and puts forward higher requirements for arts teacher's competency. In this paper, we adopt analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to establish an evaluation model for arts teacher competency. The model contained ethic, teaching skills, IT application and non-technical skills (NTS), which provided a theoretical basis for arts teacher selection and continuing education.
Development of a Fundamental and Operational Marksmanship Score based on Expert and Novice Marksmanship Data
Authors: Brown Stephanie , Blake Mitchell K.
Published: June 2022

Marksmanship is a primary contributor to the military’s quantification of Soldier lethality. Traditionally, Soldiers are graded using a standard marksmanship qualification task, assessing hit location and target distance. Additional components (e.g., weapon handling, timing) are not incorporated. This research developed a comprehensive marksmanship scoring method, focused on fundamental and operational marksmanship skills. A scoring index facilitates the understanding of the entire operational marksmanship process, from target detection to acquisition/engagement. Analysis of this tradespace helps improve training and can be utilized as a metric of performance for equipment evaluations. This novel scoring method includes all aspects of the marksmanship process divided into three components, including lethality (e.g., accuracy, precision, decision making), mobility (e.g., target acquisition time), and weapons handling (e.g., stability, trigger control). Utilizing marksmanship data from 16 Soldier volunteers (8 experts and 8 novices) on a static and dynamic shooting scenario, outcomes were normalized to distribute the variables’ two anchor scores. Weights were assigned to each metric that contributed to the combined scores. Weightings were determined utilizing a Student’s t-test pairwise comparison of means of the expert and novice scores for each metric. Components with highly statistically significant differences (p < .01) between the expert and novice were weighted more importantly and those with less difference (p < .05) were weighted less importantly. Weighted indices were applied to a marksmanship dataset of normally distributed skill level Infantry Soldiers (N = 46). This verification ensured that weightings created a normal distribution across the group, while assessing fundamentals and operational marksmanship skills. These new performance indices provide a single overarching score, representative of various aspects of marksmanship beyond simple shot coordinates, resulting in a performance metric that is easier for the end-user to comprehend. Future application of this scoring method are valuable for both training and acquisition test and evaluation performance assessments.
When cycling again - Comparison of safety behaviors of between cyclists of shared, private and public bike in China
Authors: Zhou Fan
Published: June 2022

Although great convenience has been brought to hundred millions of commuters by bike sharing schemes in recent year in China, safety issues of shared bikes received a lot of concerns. The ever rising number of cyclists make the investigation of safety in riding shared bike an imminent task. We compare the accidents and safety events rate between cyclists of different shared bikes and private bikes, as well as the safety relevant behavior, such as compliance to traffic regulations, and violations like calling mobiles while riding. The survey results indicated that cyclists of commercial shared bike reported more safety incidents, compared to cyclists of private bike and public shared bike, and that cyclists of commercial shared bike also reported more malfunction in brakes and worse maintenance of bikes. However, no significant differences in wearing protection equipment between different bike cyclists. And cyclists of commercial shared bike indicate higher propensity to check information to assist bike riding. Our findings that cyclists of commercial shared bike reported more safety incidents more problems in brakes and worse maintenance may provide suggestions for practitioners in the field.
SafeBike - a road safety programme for young adolescent cyclists
Authors: Lambrecht Franz , Sommer Carsten
Published: June 2022

In 2019, approximately 29,000 children (up to 15 years of age) were involved in road traffic accidents in Germany. The cohorts with the most accident victims are the 11- to 14-year-olds, about half of whom (approx. 6,000 children) were involved in accidents by bicycle. The number of cyclists involved in accidents rises sharply after the transition from primary to secondary school. This is due to a change in driving behavior after the change of school compared to the primary school period. Many pupils start cycling to school after changing to secondary school. Furthermore, extensive behavioral changes occur with the onset of puberty, which, for example, increases the willingness to take risks in road traffic. SafeBike is a road safety program for the particularly vulnerable target group of 11 to 14-year-old cyclists based on observation procedures, self-reflection and personal responsibility. The basic aim of SafeBike is to raise students' awareness of danger perception when cycling, leading to an increased sense of safety in the short term, so that in the long term the number of cycling accidents in the target group will decrease. After participating in the program, students are expected to be more critical of their own behavior, among other things. SafeBike consists of three components: a self-assessment of one's own driving behavior in terms of safety, the treatment of several subject areas in which driving errors and traffic conflicts occur more frequently, and a final re-assessment of one's own driving behavior.The traffic effects of the program were surveyed and evaluated in a pilot test at two different schools in Germany. In the post-surveys, the test group committed about 50% fewer traffic conflicts and driving errors than the control group, which attests to the very high short-term effectiveness of SafeBike. In the control group, who did not complete the program, no significant improvements occurred in comparison to the before survey, in contrast to the subject group. In the test group, there were significant positive effects, especially in the case of driving errors that occurred particularly frequently in the pre-surveys and were correspondingly addressed in the program and discussed by the students. Particularly high positive effects were achieved with conversations while driving, at the pedestrian crossing and using the pavement on the wrong side of the road. Medium effects were achieved with hand signals and looking around. This means that the road safety program can be used in road safety education throughout the country. However, long-term effects are not yet available and must be determined in further studies.
Confidence Horizon for a Dynamic Balance between Drivers and Vehicle Automation: First Sketch and Application
Authors: Herzberger Nicolas , Usai Marcel , Flemisch Frank
Published: June 2022

Advances in operator state monitoring and enhanced capabilities of automated vehicle systems will enable conditionally and highly automated vehicle systems (SAE level 3 and 4) in the near future. Possible transitions of control between driver and automation including handovers of the dynamic driving task to the driver will pose particular challenges. Several recent accidents show that understanding, exploring, designing, and testing these complex socio-technical systems not only in normal conditions, but especially at system limits and system failures is not only of scientific interest, but a matter of life and death. In the Confidence Horizon concept, the capabilities of the driver are continuously compared with those of the automated subsystem, resulting in two horizons: First, the technical subsystem's confidence in its own ability to safely control the vehicle, and second, the technical subsystem's confidence in the driver's ability to take over control. This allows to quickly identify whether transitions between different levels of automation are safe, whether a balanced control distribution is given, or whether, when and how a minimum risk maneuver may be necessary. The concept can thus serve as a first approach to describe, visualize and implement possible cooperation between users and automated vehicles. In this way, future highly and cooperatively automated vehicles could be improved by revealing safety-critical transitions between driver and vehicle at an early stage. This paper first describes the confidence horizon concept and then presents a first implementation.