bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Real-Time Mortality Prediction in Intensive Care Units Based on Gradient Boosting Method: Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Jiang Huizhen , Su Longxiang , Wang Hao , Li Dongkai , Zhao Congpu , Hong Na , Long Yun , Zhu Weiguo
Published: January 2021

Background

Monitoring critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) in real time is vitally important. Although scoring systems are most often used in risk prediction of mortality, they are usually not highly precise, and the clinical data are often simply weighted. This method is inefficient and time-consuming in the clinical setting.

Objective

The objective of this study was to integrate all medical data and noninvasively predict the real-time mortality of ICU patients using a gradient boosting method. Specifically, our goal was to predict mortality using a noninvasive method to minimize the discomfort to patients.

Methods

In this study, we established five models to predict mortality in real time based on different features. According to the monitoring, laboratory, and scoring data, we constructed the feature engineering. The five real-time mortality prediction models were RMM (based on monitoring features), RMA (based on monitoring features and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE]), RMS (based on monitoring features and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA]), RMML (based on monitoring and laboratory features), and RM (based on all monitoring, laboratory, and scoring features). All models were built using LightGBM and tested with XGBoost. We then compared the performance of all models, with particular focus on the noninvasive method, the RMM model.

Results

After extensive experiments, the area under the curve of the RMM model was 0.8264, which was superior to that of the RMA and RMS models. Therefore, predicting mortality using the noninvasive method was both efficient and practical, as it eliminated the need for extra physical interventions on patients, such as the drawing of blood. In addition, we explored the top nine features relevant to real-time mortality prediction: invasive mean blood pressure, heart rate, invasive systolic blood pressure, oxygen concentration, oxygen saturation, balance of input and output, total input, invasive diastolic blood pressure, and noninvasive mean blood pressure. These nine features should be given more focus in routine clinical practice.

Conclusions

The results of this study may be helpful in real-time mortality prediction in patients in the ICU, especially the noninvasive method. It is efficient and favorable to patients, which offers a strong practical significance.
Badanie wpływu dodatku azotanu(V) amonu na właściwości wybuchowe masy aktywnej Rocksplittera
Authors: Maranda Andrzej , Paszula Józef , Grądziel Maciej , Zrobok Victor
Published: January 2021

The Rocksplitter’s active mixture, which consists of sodium chlorate(V) (SC) and oil, is characterized by the lack of detonation capability and the presence of solid sodium chloride particles in the explosion products that reduce the volume of gas. The reduction of gaseous explosion products under certain conditions may be a disadvantage, reducing the effectiveness of Rocksplitter’s impact on the loaded rock mass, which may be a significant limitation in the use of this product. Replacing some of the sodium(V) chlorate(V) with ammonium nitrate(V) (AN) should partly eliminate this disadvantage. In this work, the results of research on selected detonation and explosive parameters of tertiary mixtures of SC - AN - oil are presented. The influence of grain size of AN was also investigated. AN was used granulated and ground. The ability to detonate, velocity of detonation and intensity of air blast waves in the functioning of the contents of individual components has been set.
Sampul Belakang 37 2 2019
Authors: Puspitasari Santi
Published: January 2021

Sampul Belakang 37 2 2019
An Early Year History of Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in West Bengal: A Review
Authors: Kartik Shaw  , Sahana Mazumder
Published: January 2021

Staphylococcus aureus has been recognized as a causative agent of human diseases for more than 100 years. Staphylococcus aureus can cause numerous fatal diseases including sepsis, soft tissue injury, urinary tract infection. Emergence of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is a very common problem worldwide. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterium can be identified if the strain is non-susceptible against at least one antibiotic agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus are becoming resistant against various antibiotics like azithromycin, clarithromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, imipenem and other β-lactam antibiotics. Resistance against methicillin and vancomycin can be said as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) respectively. However, 11% to 56% of the available Staphylococcus aureus are methicillin resistant in West Bengal. Whereas, the emergence of VRSA was found to be equally high in this geographical region. Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections is too hard to treat, as vancomycin is said to be the last resort of antibiotics to treat methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. These emergence of resistance against several antibiotics may include many ways like inhibition of drug entry into the cell, inactivation of β-lactamase enzyme, etc. several genes are also responsible for the drug resistance like mecA, vanH, vanA and vanX. The present review article deals with the research done on the antibiogram of Staphylococcus aureus within the last decade in West Bengal. It also puts light on the various methods by which the Staphylococcus aureus might become resistant against antibiotics and also tries to deals with the genetics involved in it.
Second Generation Biofuel – An Alternate Source of Energy
Authors: R. Devika  , M. Subathra  , J. Madhusudhanan  , Rajesh  , UditSagar
Published: January 2021

The use of fossil fuels in the current situation has been increased. These fossil fuels do not come under the category of sustainable sources due to its depleting nature. Fossil fuels also pollutes the environment by increased emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). In order to produce an alternate renewable energy and to reduce the percentage of environmental pollution caused, many technologies like solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy etc. came into existence. But all these forms of energy can be produced in terms of electricity. To meet the increasing fuel demand, renewable biofuels came into the field where biomasses are utilized to produce biofuels. Second generation renewable biofuels are produced from conventional plant sources with higher oil content whose efficiency is determined by the amount of Green House Gases (GHG) emitted and the life cycle cost whether positive, neutral or negative. High yielding energy crops such as sugarcane, corn, switchgrass, wheat etc. are subjected to various processes / fermentation to yield biofuels like bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, biodiesel etc. The US and Brazil are replacing the demand for gasoline with around 15% of bioethanol and it has a higher octane rating, increased engine’s compression ratio, increased thermal efficiency and ultimately reduces atmospheric pollution  emissions. In future biofuels will be recognized as alternative  fuel  in  transportation,  energy  generation,  heat  producer,  charging  electronics,  environmental friendly cleaners, cooking, lubricants, adhesives etc. This review provides a brief outline about the second generation biofuels which would serve as an alternative energy in the near future.
Impact of Hearing Impairment on Marital Adjustment In Elderly Couples
Authors: Vivek Kumar Jha  , Rajbir Singh
Published: January 2021

This present study was conducted to determine the relationship of marital adjustment with loss of hearing in elderly couples. To carry out the study, the subjects were audiologically tested and the marital adjustment questionnaire (MAQ) was administered  along with hearing handicap  inventory  (HHI). The audiological  assessment  consisted of pure tonal audiometry (PTA), which was carried out in a sound treated room by air conduction (from 250 Hz to 8000 Hz) and the bone conduction (500 Hz to 4000 Hz). Hearing threshold was calculated by using the MAICO brand Audiometer (MA-42). The sample was 30 elderly couples without hearing aids. Among them, 15 couples having B/L severe hearing loss in male partner and female partner with normal hearing were placed in experimental group, while other 15 couples having no hearing loss placed in control group. Data analysis was carried out with the help of IBM-SPSS software. For statistical analysis, the Pearson correlation was used among pure tone average, marital adjustment and hearing handicap inventory. To see the difference in mean adjustment score of experimental and control group, t-test was applied. Pearson correlation showed negative significant correlation between HHI and Marital adjustment, between PTA and Marital adjustment. HHI and PTA revealed high positive correlation. The results show a strong connection between hearing loss in elderly couples and poor adjustment.
Los padres del niño con autismo: una guía de intervención.
Authors: Cabezas Pizarro Hannia
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se estudian las diferentes etapas por las que pasan los padres ante la llegada de un niño con autismo. Se presenta una definición de autismo, las principales características y los signos de alerta que podrían indicar que algo no marcha bien en el proceso de desarrollo de sus hijos. Por otro lado, se definen algunos principios de la terapia conductual aplicada y se expone un diseño de un programa educativo para ayudar a los padres en el manejo de los niños con autismo. Partiendo del hecho de que los padres pueden ser coterapeutas de sus hijos, se les lleva a través de un proceso graduado en el que pueden elegir la conducta a trabajar y se les enseña cómo ordenar esas conductas de manera que se facilite la intervención. Con este fin, se definen las conductas que presenta el niño autista y se indica cómo seleccionar los reforzadores o las consecuencias que éste recibirá, de modo que le permitan aumentar, mantener, o disminuir las conductas que se quieren cambiar; por lo que se ilustra cómo se mi den éstas y se representan gráficamente, de forma que los padres puedan visualizar de manera sencilla los avances de sus hijos.
Posmodernismo y educación moral
Authors: Rojas Osorio Carlos
Published: January 2021

En este ensayo, con base en las obras : La era del vacío y El crepúsculo del deber, se analiza el papel de la educación y de la ética en una sociedad posmoderna. Analiza la vaciedad de esta sociedad, la pérdida de valores y el endiosamiento de la publicidad. Más allá del bien y del mal, la sociedad vive la era del posmoralismo. Al final el autor critica algunas posiciones de Lipovetsky, como el humanismo individualista, la cuestión de la verdad devaluada, el ocaso de la moral ilustrada y la educación sometida a los medios y a las fuerzas del mercado.
Las implicaciones del Tratado de Libre Comercio con los Estados Unidos en el desarrollo científico y tecnológico costarricense
Authors: Díaz Bolaños Ronald Eduardo
Published: January 2021

El presente ensayo tiene como propósito advertir sobre los riesgos que el TLC conlleva para la práctica científica y el acervo tecnológico nacional. En este sentido, se hace un breve recorrido histórico del desarrollo científico tecnológico a nivel nacional y se analizan las repercusiones del neoliberalismo y los desafíos del TLC en relación con este desarrollo. Al final el autor advierte sobre el peligro del incremento de la dependencia en la región
Producción audiovisual y Educación a Distancia: nuevos retos para el docente
Authors: Román González Roberto
Published: January 2021

Durante más de 25 años, la producción de materiales didácticos audiovisuales ha proyectado el quehacer de la UNED  a la sociedad costarricense. Hoy la tecnología ocasiona marcados cambios socioculturales. Estas variables exigen transformaciones en el modelo de producción para que la UNED  pueda servir de la mejor manera a sus estudiantes y a los distintos grupos sociales. Este trabajo pone énfasis en la necesidad de la participación del docente , en el desarrollo eficaz de las técnicas de mercadeo, distribución y análisis de rentabilidad de producción de los materiales audiovisuales y en la unidad de los procesos de producción Este estudio se encamina a tratar de comprender la actualidad y el destino que debe seguir el modelo de producción de materiales didácticos audiovisuales en la UNED . Señalamos los problemas y proponemos las soluciones para que la institución logre una eficaz proyección hacia la sociedad y contribuya con la democratización de la educación.
Estudio métrico del aporte de las universidades estatales costarricenses a los estudios de Genero
Authors: Meza Pérez José Pablo
Published: January 2021

Los estudios metricos de informacion se han convertido en valiosos instrumentos para cuantificar y valorar el desarrollo de una disciplina o tema. Son de amplia difusion para el aseguramiento de la calidad e impacto en la investigaciOn. En el campo de ciencias de informacion los estudios metricos han facilitado el desarrollo de nuevas disciplinas o objetos de investigacion como la bibliotemetria, archivometria, cibermetria, informetria y muy recientemente la webmetria que es el estudio del comportamiento de los sitios web en la red de Internet.
Acciones de respuesta ante el Covid-19 en Brasil y Colombia: ¿Ayuda para quién?
Authors: Marriner Karen , Becerra Laura S
Published: January 2021

This article analyses the economic measures that have been implemented as a response to the COVID-19 crisis. Latin America and the Caribbean have been hit particularly hard, with an expected contraction of 9.3 percent this year—its largest recession on record. The policy response in the region has been different in every country, however, the monetary and fiscal measures are a priority. In this scenario, this document explores the measures implemented by Colombia and Brazil, in order to identify Which actors/sector have been the most benefited?
The Migration-Development-Nexus from a gender-sensitive perspective: The Case of Colombian Women in Catalonia
Authors: Hüttinger Arantxa Rosa
Published: January 2021

This article focuses on analyzing the transnational activities of Colombian women living in Catalonia in order to determine if this migrant collective can be defined as transnational agent of development and social change. The research is based on the theoretical debates held on the Migration-Development-Nexus and the transnational migration paradigm. According to this paradigm, migrants create transnational social fields that link together their society of origin and destination through multi-stranded relations like the sending of remittance to their families, the creation of businesses and networks or the exchange of ideas and skills. Those elements can thus promote the development in both societies. In order to conduct the research, the article takes two key components into account that are crucial to understand the linkage between migration and development in the Colombian case: a) The armed conflict, that has lead to the forced and voluntary displacement of millions of Colombians as well as the post-conflict settings and their impact in the creation of transnational fields; b) The role that gender affects the situation and condition of migrants, as the Colombian migrant collective is characterized by a high degree of feminization.
Ciência da ignorância ou ignorância da ciência? Agnotologia e Ladinoamefricanidade a partir de experiências brasileiras e colombianas
Authors: Alves Ferreira Michel , Salete Casagrande Lindamir
Published: January 2021

Este texto, de natureza teórico/metodológica interpretativa e bibliográfica, objetiva tecer uma discussão crítica acerca do culto à ignorância e da ignorância do conhecimento, partindo de exemplos de fatos sócio/históricos ocorridos principalmente em território brasileiro e colombiano. A problemática está fundamentada na seguinte pergunta: quem ou que grupos sociais, ao ignorar questões de gênero e etnia/raça, enquanto pensar o conhecimento produzido nas universidades e formação de futuros acadêmicos, contribuem não só para perpetuar a ignorância da ciência disfarçada pela neutralidade, imparcialidade e objetividade, mas também para não permitir que certos sujeitos adentrem nestes espaços? Para atender ao objetivo e problemática propostos, dentre outros conceitos, são apresentados o conceito de agnotologia e de ladinoamefricanidade, pensados pelo estadunidense Robert Proctor e pela brasileira Lélia Gonzáles respectivamente. Entende-se que estes dois conceitos articulados oferecem possibilidades outras de se questionar, enquanto sujeitos, sociedade e academia: Afinal, até quando será promovida a ignorância da ciência a partir da ciência da ignorância?
De príncipes, duques y condes.... La reelección indefinida a nivel municipal en el nordeste argentino. Los Casos de los Municipios de Primera Categoría De Chaco y Formosa entre 1983 y 2015.
Authors: Valenzuela Sergio David
Published: January 2021

En Argentina desde el retorno de la democracia, a pesar de las reformas políticas provinciales, en el nivel municipal, la característica fundamental es la posibilidad de reelección de los intendentes. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto de la posibilidad de reelección indefinida de los intendentes en los municipios de primera categoría en las provincias de Chaco y Formosa, sobre los regímenes de políticos locales entre 1983 y 2011. En los casos analizados las constituciones provinciales y los regímenes municipales posibilitan la reelección indefinida del intendente; sin embargo, la misma regla tiene efectos diferentes sobre los regímenes locales.
Apuntes sobre la migración forzada colombiana. Aportes para la Verdad sobre el exilio
Authors: Ortiz Camargo Diana , Viloria Mauricio
Published: January 2021

Este artículo propone algunas reflexiones en torno al trabajo extraterritorial de la Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetición con el exilio colombiano. El escrito se compone de seis apartados. Los dos primeros presentan una breve introducción a las dinámicas de la migración colombiana en el siglo xxi y ofrecen una breve reseña histórica y demográfica de la migración forzada colombiana a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo pasado. La tercera parte plantea una aproximación a los conceptos de víctimas en el exterior, exilio y refugio desde las dimensiones del derecho positivo y la politicidad, como un marco analítico para el exilio colombiano. La cuarta y quinta parte abordan la experiencia de la Comisión Verdad y Justicia del Paraguay, en su trabajo sobre el exilio como una violación a los derechos humanos, para identificar elementos problematizadores del despliegue extraterritorial e identificar los desafíos que enfrenta la Comisión de la Verdad en Colombia. Finalmente se registran algunas reflexiones a modo de conclusión.
Amaya, Javier. Santiago Londoño Londoño, el hombre y la leyenda. Pereira: Gráficas Buda; Seattle: Ediciones La Cigarra, 2020
Authors: Álvarez Gardeazábal Gustavo
Published: January 2021

Esta reseña fue publicada originalmente por el autor en su canal de Youtube con el título CRÓNICA DE UN ENCHUSPADO # 113,Santiago Londoño, el 11 de julio de 2020. Ciencia Nueva reproduce esta transcripción con autorización del autor.
All scientists are equal but some are more equal than others: theory of justice applied to academic institutions to create a fair community with true equality of opportunities
Authors: Morimoto Juliano
Published: January 2021

1.     The lack of diversity and equality of opportunities in academia
is often seen as evidence of unfair processes in academic institutions
when it comes to the distribution of goods. In this paper, I propose a
novel framework to address this issue.

2.     The framework integrates the body of literature on human
developmental ecology with the theory of justice by John Rawls. The
underlying premise of the framework is that academic institutions should
account for the arbitrary ecological factors (e.g., culture,
socioeconomic background) that influence the opportunities for academic
achievements by individuals throughout their lives prior to application
for goods.

3.     The framework is designed to help academic institutions mitigate
(or potentially, eliminate) the benefits accrued over time by
individuals that experienced arbitrary but favourable ecological
conditions, and assess and judge candidates relative to the expected
academic performance given candidates’ ecological contexts (i.e.,
objective fairness). In doing so, this framework is a process that, if
adopted by academic institutions, can result in fair equality of
opportunities in the distribution of goods.

4.     I also discuss the concept of ‘years post-PhD’, which attempts to
make competition fair by discretising career trajectories. I propose a
different landmark, which takes into account years post-first authorship
publication, and argue that years post-first authorship publication is
less relativistic and accounts for differences in academic structure
between countries. I discuss the limitations and alternative attempts to
make processes in academic institutions fair throughout the text.

5.     Overall, this paper proposes a framework designed to improve the
academic environment by creating fairness in the distribution of goods
by academic institutions, thereby generating true equality of
opportunities to all.

Keywords: social justice; policy; equality; minorities
Acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease/HBE patient, A case report
Authors: Khamees Ibrahim , yassin mohamed , Rozi Waail
Published: January 2021

Hemoglobin S (HBS) and hemoglobin E (HBE) are common hemoglobinopathies,
but combined heterozygosity of HBS and HBE (HBSE) is relatively a rare
disease. Most reports suggest that HBSE is generally benign condition.
In this report we describe a 17-year-old male patient presenting with
acute chest syndrome treated with exchange transfusion.
Is There Any Relationship Between Biomarkers and Echocardiographic Markers in Patients With Pulmonary Stenosis Underwent Balloon Valvuloplasty?
Authors: Tahlawi Mohammad El , Morsy Mohammad , Elawady Mohammad , Abdelaziz Mahmoud , Eldamanhory Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Background: Congenital pulmonary stenosis (PS) is a progressive disease.
Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) is the treatment of choice in
valvular PS. Aim: We aim to study the relationship between biomarkers
and echocardiographic markers in valvular PS and to assess the impact of
BPV on these markers. Patients & Methods Patients with moderate and
severe valvular PS amenable for BPV were recruited. Serum troponin I was
measured. Echocardiographic assessment of PS and right ventricular
(RV)function were done. All patients underwent BPV. Troponin level and
echocardiographic data were re-assessed two weeks & six months after
BPV. Results: Fifty patients with valvular PS were recruited. There was
significant correlation between peak SPG and troponin (p <
0.001). Troponin was significantly decreased 2 weeks after BPV.
Similarly, there was an initial improvement in RV function. After 6
months of follow up, we divided patients into 2 groups: Group-A: 36
patients with no restenosis. Group-B: 14 patients with restenosis. There
were high significant differences between both groups regarding troponin
level and RV functions with re-elevated troponin in group-B that
correlated with peak PG (r= 0.9, p < 0.001). RV function
parameters in group-B became significantly worse 6 months after BPV than
those after the initial 2 weeks. Conclusion Troponin correlates with the
severity of PS and associates with RV dysfunction. Both troponin & RV
functions improved with BPV. Recurrent elevation of troponin and
impairment of RV function are associated with PV restenosis and could be
set as an indication for repeated balloon dilatation of PV.
Biosurveillance of selected pathogens with zoonotic potential in a zoological collection
Authors: Kvapil Pavel , Račnik Jožko , Kastelic Marjan , Marková Jiřina , Murat Jean , Kobédová Monika , Pittermanová Pavlina , Budíková Marie , Sedlák Kamil , Bartova Eva
Published: January 2021

Monitoring infectious diseases is one of the most important pillars of
preventive medicine in zoological collections. Screening for parasitic
and bacterial infections is obligatory for keeping animals and equipment
safe from pathogens that may pose a risk to animal and human health.
Zoological collections usually contain many different animal species,
living in close proximity with people and wild animals. As an
epidemiological probe, 188 animals (122 mammals, 65 birds, and one
reptile) from a zoo in Slovenia were examined for selected pathogens.
Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum were detected by
ELISA in 37% and 3% of mammals, and in 0% and 3% of birds,
respectively; the reptile was negative. A statistically significant
difference in T. gondii prevalence was found in Carnivora (78%)
compared to Cetartiodactyla (33%, p = 0.0227) and Primates (25%, p =
0.0084). Antibodies to Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected by IFAT in
55% of mammals and 34% of birds, respectively; the reptile was
negative. Herbivores had a higher chance of being infected with E.
cuniculi compared to omnivores (p = 0.0015). Antibodies to Chlamydia
abortus and Coxiella burnetii were not detected in any of the zoo
animals. The sera of 39 wild rodents found in the zoo were also
examined; they were negative for all three parasites. The parasite T.
gondii was detected by PCR in the tissue of two mute swans (Cygnus
olor), one laboratory mouse, two Mus musculus, one Apodemus flavicollis,
and one Apodemus agrarius. Positive samples were genotyped by a single
multiplex PCR assay using 15 microsatellite markers; one sample from a
mute swan was characterized as type II. This micro-epidemiological study
offers a better understanding of pathogens in zoo animals and an
understanding the role of zoos in biosurveillance.
COVID-19 and Transport in Asia and the Pacific: Guidance Note
Authors: Leather James , Chavez Noel
Published: January 2021

The unprecedented impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused enormous changes to the transport landscape in developing Asia and the Pacific region. This guidance note documents how COVID-19 has affected and is continuing to affect transport operators and users across the region, from personal mobility choices to public transport, to the aviation industry, among many other facets. Insights are also shared on how the transport sector can help deliver greener and more resilient infrastructure as countries around the world plan for recovery and rejuvenation in the post-pandemic future. It is one of a series produced by the Asian Development Bank for key sectors and thematic areas.
Effect of chemical composition and T6 heat treatment on the mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of Al-Si alloys for IC engine components
Authors: Vuksanovic D. , Asanovic V. , Scepanovic J. , Radonjic D.
Published: January 2021

The microstructural examinations of Al-Si alloys intended to manufacture IC engine components revealed a complex phase composition in all the samples. The polyhedral crystals of primary silicon were detected in the Al-12.5Si alloy, besides the ?-Al phase, eutectic silicon, and several intermetallic phases, identified in the cast samples of both alloys. Better tensile properties were found for the samples of Al-11Si. A predominantly intercrystalline fracture with features of ductile failure was observed in both alloys. In as-cast specimens of the Al-11Si alloy, the cracks were formed by the decohesion mechanism between the particles of the intermetallic phase AlCuFeNi and the ?-Al phase. The microcracks initiated on the interface were spread along the branches of the ?-Al15(Fe,Mn,Cu)3Si2 particles. After T6 treatment of the Al-11Si alloy, almost half of the intermetallics quantity presented the Al3Ni phase, while the iron-based phases were observed in a small amount. Spheroidized eutectic silicon, a smaller portion of Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, and a more considerable quantity of Al3(Fe,Mn,Cu,Ni,Co) were detected for T6 specimens of the Al-12.5Si alloy. The rounded crystals of eutectic silicon contributed to the improvement of their tensile properties. Larger and deeper dimples of mostly polygonal shapes were observed in the samples of the Al-11Si alloy after T6 treatment. The microcracks occurred at the boundary of the intermetallic phase/?-Al solid solution.
Behavior of platinum in the system of the matte-slag in the processing of copper-nickel materials
Authors: Amdur A. , Selivanov E. , Fedorov S. , Pavlov V. , Krasikov S.
Published: January 2021

Copper-nickel sulfide ores are one of the main sources of platinum. One of the ways to extract precious metals from such ores involves melting of a concentrate in electric ore smelting furnaces, where the melt is divided into matte and slag. Platinum is generally concentrated in matte; however, some of it remains in the slag, thus leading to metal losses. In order to reduce platinum losses, the forms of platinum in these phases should be studied. It was found that during the melting of this ore, iron, nickel, and copper are reduced. The mineral composition of matte was studied. Platinum in matte is present in the form of intermetallics with Fe and Ni. The PtFe intermetallic is a dispersed needle formation with a length of 20 to 500 ?m and a thickness of up to 10 ?m. The size effect is revealed: the content of platinum in the PtFe intermetallic decreases with decreasing the thickness of needle formations. The decreases in the content of platinum in dispersed needle formations can be explained by an increase in the thermodynamic activity and changing properties of the dispersed substance and a corresponding increase in solubility. It was found that matte drops, together with their associated platinumcontaining particles of no more than 5-7 ?m in size, were carried into the slag by gas bubbles using flotation. The conditions for the rise of a matte drop, together with a bubble in the slag, consist in the fact that the adhesive force of the drop with the bubble and the buoyancy force acting on the bubble must be greater than the gravity of the drop.
Evaluation of Atmospheric Blocking Effects on Weather Events in Iraq
Authors: Yousef Doaa mohammed , Kadhum Jasim Hameed
Published: January 2021

Atmospheric blocking has received a lot of attention in recent years due to its impacts on mid-latitude circulation and then on weather extremes such as cold spells, heat waves, drought, and heavy rain. In this paper, the effects of atmospheric blocking on weather events ''rainfall in particular'' over Iraq are evaluated. Daily meteorological data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for the period 2002-2018 were analyzed to identify different atmospheric blocking systems over Iraq and surrounded regions. In order to locate the blocks on maps, the study domain is extended from 10-70o N and 10-70o E for mean sea level pressure. This study state two cases of Omega blocking system occurred on 25 Jan 2006 and 01-03 Feb 2006. Rainfall observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measurements Mission (TRMM) along with true color cloud images detected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrora-diometer (MODIS) were employed for determining the severity and trajectory of rainstorms associated with atmospheric blocking systems. NCEP provides data with a spatial resolution of 2.5o × 2.5o while TRMM is 0.25o × 0.25o. Analysis of one typical year (2016) showed that among 24 blocking systems detected during the period of this work, 37.5% were Omega blocks, 20.8% were Cut-off low blocks, 16.7% were Rex blocks, and the percentage of the Cut-off high and Split flow blocks were 12.5% each. The results also indicated that the strongest blocking was the Omega blocking that occurred on 01-03 Feb 2006 and resulted in 120 mm rainfall.
Seasonal Variations of the Optimum Reliable Frequencies During Maximum and Minimum Periods of Solar Cycle 24
Authors: Thabit Samar Abdalkaream , George Loay E. , Hadi Khalid A.
Published: January 2021

In this research, the seasonal Optimal Reliable Frequency (ORF) variations between different transmitter/receiver stations have been determined. Mosul, Baghdad, and Basra have been chosen as tested transmitting stations that located in the northern, center, and southern of Iraqi zone. In this research, the minimum and maximum years (2009 and 2014) of solar cycle 24 have been chosen to examine the effect of solar activity on the determined seasonal ORF parameter. Mathematical model has been proposed which leads to generate the Optimal Reliable Frequency that can maintain the seasonal connection links for different path lengths and bearings. The suggested ORF parameter represented by a different orders polynomial equation. The polynomial equation has been determined depending on different selected parameters (path length, bearing, time (day), months and BUF values). The suggested seasonal ORF parameter was examined for the three stations of the adopted years. The value of the seasonal ORF ionospheric parameter increased with the increase of path length and varies with the bearing between the transmitting and receiving stations also, the seasonal ORF values were higher at maximum solar cycle (2014) than the minimum solar cycle (2009).
CHARACTERISTICS OF UHF RADIO WAVES PROPAGATION IN WOODLAND OF ASTRAKHAN REGION
Authors: Pishchin Oleg Nickolaevich , Sultangalieva Djamilya Canatovna , Perova Kseniya Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The article considers a new method for calculating the attenuation of cellular signals during their propagation in the forested areas frequently occurring in the Astrakhan region (linden) and the regions where the above trees predominate. There are also discussed the empirical models of a radio wave propagation in the forested areas, such as a Weisberger model and a COST-235 model. There have been built the curves of signal losses on the routes derived by the new method. There was conducted the experiment determining the effectiveness of the developed method. The obtained method has been found efficient for improving the accuracy of the preliminary design of radio communication systems
MEMBANGUN KEMANDIRIAN PANGAN DARI RUMAH
Authors: Heryadi R. Dudy , Alexandri Mohammad Benny , Sari Deasy Silvya
Published: January 2021

Social Distancing sebagai upaya memutus pandemi Covid-19 menuntut masyarakat untuk menjaga supply bahan makanan sebagai upaya bertahan hidup. Kemandirian pangan secara sederhana dapat dimulai dari rumah dengan membudidayakan tanaman dan ikan dengan menggunakan berbagai metode dan media tanam, mulai dari media tanah dan metode non tanah seperti hidroponik dan akuaponik. Metode yang dilakukan dalam kegiatan ini adalah eksperimen. Hasil eksperimen memperlihatkan bahwa pekarangan rumah dapat dimanfaatkan untuk budidaya tanaman (sayuran) dan ikan. Dengan melihat potensi derah sendiri, kemandirian pangan dapat pula dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan produk tetangga seperti susu kambing yang dapat diolah menjadi kefir dan keju.
Contributos para o estudo da potamonímia portuguesa a norte do Mondego
Authors: Rocha Carlos
Published: January 2021

Apresenta este artigo uma proposta de caracterização etimológica da potamonímia portuguesa situada a norte do rio Mondego, com base na recolha e análise de um subconjunto dos nomes de rios reunidos no Reportório Toponímico de Portugal (Continente), publicado pelo Serviço Cartográfico do Exército em 1967, e na Carta Militar de Portugal a 1:25 000. Inscrevendo-se na discussão dos estratos linguísticos a considerar na história linguística do referido território, a exposição salienta, por um lado, o contraste dos potamónimos portugueses setentrionais com os meridionais e, por outro, destaca a afinidade desse reportório com a toponímia de regiões peninsulares limítrofes ou próximas, designadamente, com a Galiza. Os dados reunidos permitem concluir que a potamonímia do terço norte de Portugal tem origem maioritária em itens do léxico comum latino-romance. No entanto, guarda igualmente um importante património pré-latino cuja morfologia tem sido objeto de estudo e debate no contexto da hipótese do europeu antigo.
A variação lexical e a implementação da mudança no campo semântico do roubo no jornal A Tarde (1914-2014)
Authors: Santana Liviane Gomes Ataíde
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo é o resultado de estudos realizados acerca de processos de variação e de mudança linguística em torno de notícias de roubo em colunas policiais do jornal A Tarde em um intervalo de cem anos, sendo o ano de sua fundação, 1914, e o ano de 2014. Então, este trabalho trata da variação lexical no campo semântico do roubo, mais especificamente, de um estudo das lexias concorrentes utilizadas para designar o agente, a ação, o local, e qualquer outro elemento que se relacione com a área do roubo. Além disso, o estudo propiciou a observação da implementação da mudança linguística ao analisar, também, notícias da área citada, cem anos depois, uma vez que dentre as lexias que eram utilizadas para designar o mesmo referente, algumas tornaram-se obsoletas e outras subsistiram nos dias atuais. O corpus utilizado corresponde às notícias sobre roubo presentes no jornal “A Tarde” em circulação durante os meses de junho, julho e agosto de 1914 e os mesmos meses de 2014. Assim, a partir de alguns dicionários, foram vistas as definições das lexias encontradas em maior número de ocorrências e feita a análise qualitativa. Como aporte teórico, foram utilizadas obras de Labov, Weinreich e Herzog, de Marcuschi, além de artigos científicos que correspondem ao assunto em questão.
Palavras de amigo: carta de Francisco Schettino a Lima Barreto sobre concurso literário promovido pela Academia Brasileira de Letras
Authors: Correa de Moraes Junior Luciano
Published: January 2021

Autor de romances como Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma (1911) e Clara dos Anjos (póstumo - 1948), Lima Barreto é considerado um dos maiores autores brasileiros do período pré-modernista. À época, dentre os maiores incentivadores de seu trabalho, destaca-se Francisco Schettino, seu amigo pessoal e o responsável pela publicação da única coletânea de contos publicados pelo autor através da Gianlorenzo Schettino Livraria Editora. Visando a propiciar mais informações aos admiradores e estudiosos da vida e obra do autor, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo disponibilizar uma edição conservadora de uma carta escrita por Francisco Schettino a Lima Barreto aconselhando-o a escrever um romance para concorrer a um prêmio oferecido pela Academia Brasileira de Letras ao melhor romance de assunto nacional. O documento pertence à Coleção Lima Barreto – que está custodiada pela Divisão de Manuscritos da Biblioteca Nacional – e está disponível no Acervo Digital da Instituição http://acervo.bndigital.bn.br/sophia/index.asp?codigo_sophia=99736. Palavras-chave: Lima Barreto. Edição. Cartas pessoais. Manuscrito. Literatura.
IDENTIFYING ENGLISH LANGUAGE NEEDS OF RELIGIOUS GUIDES AT THE GENERAL PRESIDENCY OF THE GRAND MOSQUE AND PROPHET’S MOSQUE
Authors: Aljadani Mahmoud , Alsolami Turki
Published: January 2021

This study aims at identifying English language needs for religious guides at The General Presidency of The Grand Mosque and Prophet’s Mosque. This study adopted a quantitative approach methodology using needs analysis questionnaire. The quantitative data collection instrument was a questionnaire with (51) participants. SPSS was used as the quantitative data analysis method. Findings showed that listening and speaking were the most important skills, and reading was moderately important, while writing is not important at all. Also, English is greatly rated as a tool to effectively perform their tasks in term of preaching and advising guests and pilgrims. Difficulties are embodied in lacking English language, accents, and proper religious expressions and vocabulary. This study highlights an urgent need for English for Religious Purposes. The study proposes a general guideline for a course design framework based on participants’ needs.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER ENGLISH MODULES BASED ON CONSTRUCTIVISME FOR INFORMATICS ENGINEERING STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITAS DHARMAS INDONESIA
Authors: Husni Rauldatul , Izzah Inayatil
Published: January 2021

This research is written to develop English Computer Module based on Constructivism for Informatics Engineering Students. In Informatics Engineering department, graduates are expected to have an ability to speak English in order to compete in their job profession. Therefore, it is considered necessary to compile an English Computer module that is specific to the context and purpose with the students of the Informatics Engineering course. The main purpose of this research is to produce English Computer Module for Informatics Engineering students with valid, practice, and effective. The long term goal of this research is to make Engineering students are able to master English language that can be their provision in order to compete in their job profession. This teaching module developed by Constructivism. This research used Research and Development method of ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate). This research was conducted in the second semester of Informatics Engineering students. In the analysis stage, it was conducted needs analysis and situation analysis. Design stage was conducted by designing Computer English modules based on tasks, lesson plan, and assessment instrument of Computer English modules. Develop stage was conducted by developing teaching material. Implement stage was conducted by implementing teaching material in Engineering class. Finally, the Evaluate stage was an evaluation of the implementation each stages of ADDIE model. The data in this research were collected by using the validation sheet of teaching material, lesson plan, questionnaires respond of Informatics Engineering English lecturer and Engineering students, and students test result. The result of this English Computer Module based on Constructivism for Informatics Engineering Students is valid, practice, effective criteria and accordance to the Engineering students’ needs.
PENGHARGAAN PROFESI GURU SEBAGAI AGEN PERUBAHAN
Authors: Marjuni Andi
Published: January 2021

Appreciation for the success of teachers as agents of change is an extraordinary form of motivation for teachers. The competitive climate in the environment for teachers will be even more motivated. All teachers have expectations and compete for awards as outstanding and quality teachers in order to improve the professionalism of their duties. Apart from appreciation in a profession, it is no less important, namely protection in carrying out obligations both legally and in other ways. Protection greatly affects the productive performance of a teacher. Efforts to educate the nation's life are the responsibility of education, especially in preparing students to become subjects who fear God Almighty, have a noble character, are tough, creative, independent, democratic, and professional in their respective fields.
Non- Bank Islamic Mortgage in Maqashid al-Sharia Perspective
Authors: Syam Fahmi , Kadir Afifuddin , Salma Ayuesha Nur
Published: January 2021

Home mortgage or KPR is regarded as an alternative answer for possessing a house recently, Home mortgage should be possible either through Conventional bank and sharia bank. However, recently there have been new alternatives of owning home by using non-bank Islamic mortgage. Where the mortgage can presently be directly handled by the developer without involving the bank. The issues of this Paper are describing the opinion that non-Bank Islamic Mortgage is more sharia than Islamic Banking in providing Islamic Housing, such as no BI Checking, no riba, no fines, no confiscation, and etc.  The purpose of this research is to identify the scheme of non-bank Islamic Mortgage, and analyse the scheme in Maqasid Sharia perspective as Importance foundation in religion.  The methods in this study are descriptive analysis research. The data used  is secondary data and data collection techniques are literature studies. After discussing, the results showed that Non-Bank Islamic Mortgage cause a lot of harm in term of customer and sharia developer it self in Maqāsid Sharia perspective.
المنهج النبوي لتنظيم صلاة النساء في المسجد النبوي
Authors: Hasan Syed Mahmudul
Published: January 2021

إن الإسلام هو دين الرجال كما ادّعى المستشرقون والمبشرون. وفي تأييد هذا الإدعاء أشاروا إلى سيطرة الرجال على معابد الإسلام وتسلّطهم الجنسيّة من حيث لا يستأذن حضور النساء إطلاقاً. أنهم يتبنون هذه الموقف استدلالاً من آراء بعض علماء المسلمين تشدّدوا في قضية صلاة النساء في المساجد. أما حقيقة الإسلام في مسئلة العدالة والمساواة الجنسية تحقّق في جميع نواحي الحياة. جعل الإسلام مشاركة النساء في صلاة الجماعة في المساجد من حقوقهنّ الدينية. وتقدّم لهنّ النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم منهجاً كاملاً عن كيفية الممارسة لهذا الحق. واستخدم الباحث المنهج الاستقرائي لجمع الأحاديث التي تتحدّث عن تنظيم المصطفى صلى الله عليه وسلم لمشاركة النساء صلاة الجماعة في المسجد النبوي. ثم المنهج التحليلي لتحليل هذه القضية. وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج، أهمها أن الإسلام دين الإنسانية والعدالة والحقوق. فالإدعاء في إغلاق حقوقهنّ الدينية بإغلاق أبواب المساجد إدعاء كذب فاحش، تبنى من سوء الفهم لحقيقة الإسلام. لأن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم لا يستأذن لهنّ الحضور في صلاة المسجد فقط، بل قدّم المشروع الكامل بدايةً من خروج البيت حتى الرجوع إليه، ليثبت حقوق النساء وليقرّر عدالة الشريعة الإنسانية الإسلامية.
Hadis Tentang Perempuan Setengah Akal Dan Agamanya
Authors: Bullah Habib
Published: January 2021

Islam sebagai agama rah}matan li al-‘a>lami>n menekankan keistimewaan manusia sebagai makhluk ciptaan Allah SWT, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Keduanya diciptakan dari “nafs wa>h}idah”  serta memiliki kedudukan yang sama di hadapan Allah. Perbedaannya hanya dalam tingkatan ketaqwaannya saja.  Selain laki-laki, perempuan adalah makhluk ciptaan Allah SWT yang juga diberikan emban menjadi khalifah di muka bumi ini dengan memikul tanggung jawab yang sama, yaitu Amar ma’ru>f Nahi Munkar. Namun, terdapat perbedaan kodrati dan naluri yang dimiliki laki-laki dan perempuan, sehingga ada sebagian permasalahan perempuan diperlakukan khusus oleh syari’at Islam, seperti mendapatkan dispensasi dalam melakukan kewajiban shalat dan puasa ketika sedang haid atau nifas. Begitu juga perempuan mempunyai kodrat yang berbeda dengan laki-laki, misalnya dalam hal reproduksi dan naluri keibuan yang tidak dimiliki oleh laki-laki. Dalam berbagai literatur diungkap tentang bagaimana Islam mengentaskan berbagai ketidakadilan terutama jika dikaitkan dengan persoalan kaum perempuan dari penindasan. Di sisi lain, terdapat sebuah hadis Nabi Saw yang menyatakan bahwa perempuan itu akal dan agamanya “setengah” atau bisa dikatakan kurang akal dan agamanya. Hal tersebut terkesan diskrimanasi terhadap kaum perempuan. Dengan menggunakan legitimasi agama dari dalil hadis Nabi Muhammad Saw yang menyematkan perempuan akal dan agamanya setengah/separuh inilah, maka Islam bukanlah agama yang mengangkat derajat perempuan dan memberikan hak yang sama di antara makhluk ciptaan Tuhan. Dengan demikian perlu ada pemaknaan yang komprehensif tentang hadis tersebut sehingga memberi kesimpulan bahwa Islam benar-benar agama yang menjanjikan rahmat bagi semua makhluk.