bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeking orderness out of the orderless movements: an up-to-date review of the biomechanics in clear aligners
Authors: Li Jiawei , Si Jiarui , Xue Chaoran , Xu Hui
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Although with increasing popularity due to aesthetic appeal and comfort, clear aligners (CAs) are facing challenges in efficacy and predictability. Advancement in the underlying biomechanical field is crucial to addressing these challenges. This paper endeavors to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding the biomechanics of CA and enlightening biomechanics-based improvements on treatment strategies.

Methods

A thorough review of the English-language literature accessible through PubMed and Google Scholar, without any publication year restrictions, was undertaken to unravel the biomechanical aspects of CA.

Results

This review presented an up-to-date understanding of aligner biomechanics arranged by the framework of the material-dependent mechanical characteristics of CA, the geometric characteristics-dependent force transmission of the CA system, methods for studying the biomechanics of CA, and the biomechanical analyses for different types of tooth movement.

Conclusions

Biomechanics should be the fundamental concern for concepts, methods and adjuncts attempting to enhance the accuracy and predictability of tooth movement induced by CA. Improvement on material properties and alteration of geometric design of CA are two main approaches to develop biomechanically optimized force system. Exploration of real-world force sensing and monitoring system would make substantial progresses in aligner biomechanics.
Circular RNAs: novel noncoding players in male infertility
Authors: Babakhanzadeh Emad , Hoseininasab Fakhr-Alsadat , Khodadadian Ali , Nazari Majid , Hajati Reza , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh
Published: November 2024

Infertility is a global problem being associated with emotional and financial burden. Recent studies have shown contribution of a group of non-coding RNAs, namely circular RNAs (circRNAs) to the etiology of some infertility conditions. CircRNA are transcribed from exons and form a circular RNA molecule, being abundant in eukaryotes. Traditionally classified as non-coding RNA, these transcripts are endogenously produced through either non-canonical back-splicing or linear splicing, typically produced from precursor messenger ribonucleic acid (pre-mRNA). While during the canonical splicing process the 3’ end of the exon is joined to the 5’ end of the succeeding exon to form linear mRNA, during backsplicing, the 3’ end to the 5’ end of the same exon is joined to make a circular molecule. circRNAs are involved in the regulation of several aspects of spermatogenesis. They appear to influence how stem germ cells grow and divide during the sperm production process. Malfunctions in circRNA activity could contribute to male infertility issues stemming from abnormalities in spermatogenesis. In the current review, we highlight the exciting potential of circRNAs as key players in the male fertility.
Assessment of podocyte detachment as a pivotal step in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Elkholy Ikbal Ahmed Abdo , Elkashef Wagdi , Mostafa Fatma El-Husseini , Hassan Amany
Published: November 2024

Background

Podocytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of podocytes. When podocytes are injured, they may detach leading to podocytopenia, which represents a critical step in the development of podocytopathy and subsequently deterioration of renal functions. Pathological assessment of podocytopenia plays a crucial role in diagnosing underlying kidney diseases.

Aim

To assess detached podocytes and evaluate their diagnostic role in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective study, conducted on 67 archival renal biopsies with the clinical diagnosis of steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and diagnosed as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and podocytopathy with detached podocytes by electron microscopy (EM). Colloidal iron stain and Desmin immunohistochemical stain were performed. Assessment of the mean percent of stained pixels in relation to the surface tuft area of the glomerulus, i.e., mean percent of stained area (PSA) was done using image analysis system (ImageJ 1.52a) software.

Results

Podocytopathy with detached podocytes was diagnosed in 35 (52.24%) cases, while FSGS was diagnosed in 32 (47.76%) cases. Regarding detached podocytes, 27 (49.3%) cases showed no detached podocytes by light microscopy (LM), while only 4 (6%) showed severe podocyte detachment. There was a statistically significant difference between control cases and both podocytopathy with detached podocytes and FSGS regarding mean PSA (p ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion

Standardized reporting of detached podocyte cells is becoming mandatory as they have a high positive predictive value for the expected EM picture.
Understanding neuropathic pain: the role of neurophysiological tests in unveiling underlying mechanisms
Authors: Leone Caterina Maria , Truini Andrea
Published: November 2024

Neuropathic pain, arising from lesions of the somatosensory nervous system, presents with diverse symptoms including ongoing pain, paroxysmal pain, and provoked pain, usually accompanied by sensory deficits. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind these symptoms is crucial for targeted treatment strategies. Neurophysiological techniques such as nerve conduction studies, reflexes, and evoked potentials help elucidate these mechanisms by assessing large myelinated non-nociceptive fibres and small nociceptive fibres. This argumentative review highlights the importance of tailored neurophysiological assessments for improving our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms behind neuropathic pain symptoms.
High-precision digital rock construction and electrical property upscaling in tight sandstone
Authors: Wang Siyu , Tan Maojin , Zhang Lingtan , Wang Qian
Published: November 2024

The lithology and rock-physical properties of tight sandstone reservoirs become increasingly complex, resulting in a more challenging reservoir evaluation process. Conventional rock-physics experiments are too restrictive to adequately investigate formation properties. Recently, the emerging digital rock-physics (DRP) technology effectively overcomes these constraints. Nevertheless, the current DRP technology faces two major challenges: the integration of multiple-resolution images and the upscaling of rock-physics properties (electricity). We develop an innovative method for assigning electrical characteristics to voxel units, enabling the integration of multiresolution images, as well as a novel approach for establishing a new saturation model to achieve electrical property upscaling. Initially, core samples are selected and drilled based on logging data and lithology analysis, followed by multiresolution scanning experiments, such as X-ray computed tomography, quantitative evaluation of materials by scanning electron microscopy, and modular automated processing system (MAPS). After that, mineral components are segmented, and multicomponent digital rocks are constructed. Considering mineral voxel as the analytical units, pore characteristics within each mineral, which are extracted from MAPS, are used to generate 3D pores by the quartet structure generation set method. These generated 3D pores are then merged with their respective mineral voxels. Subsequently, the electrical properties of the merged models are simulated and assigned to multicomponent digital rock. This process enables the integration of multiresolution images, leading to the construction of high-precision digital rocks. In addition, high-precision digital rock-based electrical modeling is conducted, and a new saturation model is then established by combining DRP, experiment rock physics, and theoretical rock physics. Finally, the new saturation model is applied to calculate saturation, accomplishing electrical property upscaling. Application results show the new saturation model improves the accuracy of saturation evaluation, demonstrating the feasibility of the upscaling method for electrical properties.
Clinical Relevance of Intensive Laboratory Monitoring With Standard Venetoclax Ramp-Up for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Real-World Experience
Authors: Huang Ivan J. , Baek Grace T. , Cohen Jonathan , Khajaviyan Sirin , Louie Stephanie , Samples Laura , Smith Stephen D. , Till Brian G. , Warren Edus H. , Gopal Ajay K. , Poh Christina , Lynch Ryan C. , Ujjani Chaitra S. , Shadman Mazyar
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

Venetoclax is the standard of care for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) but requires intensive monitoring for optimal safety. Clinical relevance of intensive monitoring in practice is unknown, especially for patients with low or intermediate risk for tumor lysis syndrome (TLS).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A retrospective review was conducted to determine clinical significance of monitoring for TLS during standard ramp-up for patients with CLL/SLL. Patients receiving abbreviated ramp-up, clinical trials, or concurrent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors were excluded. The primary end point was TLS incidence, with secondary end points describing associated clinical interventions.

RESULTS

Fifty-five patients met study criteria. The majority of patients received venetoclax as first-line therapy (58%), with anti-CD20 antibody therapy (82%), and were at low risk of TLS (75%). No clinical TLS events occurred, whereas laboratory TLS occurred in only 1.8% of patients. No patients required antihyperuricemic therapy, and few interventions for hyperphosphatemia or hypocalcemia (3.6% of patients) were required. Additional intravenous fluids were uncommonly required (1.8% of patients), and no unplanned hospitalizations were required.

CONCLUSION

These findings support efforts to reduce intensive monitoring requirements during venetoclax ramp-up for patients with CLL, potentially increasing accessibility of venetoclax.
Sensitivity of two-mode SRF cavity to generic electromagnetism of sub-μeV dark matter
Authors: Dai Chang-Jie , Li Tong , Zhang Rui-Jia
Published: November 2024

The low-mass dark matter (DM) such as axion or wave-like scalar is a plausible DM candidate. Recently, the possible non-standard couplings of low-mass DM has drawn much attention. In this work we investigate the detection of electromagnetic couplings in a few benchmark models of low-mass DM. For illustration, we consider the generic axion electrodynamics including CP-violating coupling as well as the newly proposed axion electromagnetodynamics. The superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavity with two modes has more advantages than the traditional cavity approach with static background field. We utilize the two-mode SRF cavity to probe the generic couplings of low-mass DM with frequency lower than GHz. We show the sensitivity of the SRF cavity to the axion couplings in the above frameworks.
Using Artificial Intelligence to Identify Three Presenting Phenotypes of Chiari Type-1 Malformation and Syringomyelia
Authors: Gupta Vivek Prakash , Xu Ziqi , Greenberg Jacob K. , Strahle Jennifer Mae , Haller Gabriel , Meehan Thanda , Roberts Ashley , Limbrick David D. , Lu Chenyang
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Chiari type-1 malformation (CM1) and syringomyelia (SM) are common related pediatric neurosurgical conditions with heterogeneous clinical and radiological presentations that offer challenges related to diagnosis and management. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have been used in other fields of medicine to identify different phenotypic clusters that guide clinical care. In this study, we use a novel, combined data-driven and clinician input feature selection process and AI clustering to differentiate presenting phenotypes of CM1 + SM.

METHODS:

A total of 1340 patients with CM1 + SM in the Park Reeves Syringomyelia Research Consortium registry were split a priori into internal and external cohorts by site of enrollment. The internal cohort was used for feature selection and clustering. Features with high Laplacian scores were identified from preselected groups of clinically relevant variables. An expert clinician survey further identified features for inclusion that were not selected by the data-driven process.

RESULTS:

The feature selection process identified 33 features (28 from the data-driven process and 5 from the clinician survey) from an initial pool of 582 variables that were incorporated into the final model. A K-modes clustering algorithm was used to identify an optimum of 3 clusters in the internal cohort. An identical process was performed independently in the external cohort with similar results. Cluster 1 was defined by older CM1 diagnosis age, small syringes, lower tonsil position, more headaches, and fewer other comorbidities. Cluster 2 was defined by younger CM1 diagnosis age, more bulbar symptoms and hydrocephalus, small syringes, more congenital medical issues, and more previous neurosurgical procedures. Cluster 3 was defined by largest syringes, highest prevalence of spine deformity, fewer headaches, less tonsillar ectopia, and more motor deficits.

CONCLUSION:

This is the first study that uses an AI clustering algorithm combining a data-driven feature selection process with clinical expertise to identify different presenting phenotypes of CM1 + SM.
T-Bar Angular Offset: A Novel Angle for Predicting Postoperative Coronal Balance Using Intraoperative Stitched Radiographs
Authors: Zhou James J. , Farber S. Harrison , Gooldy Timothy C. , Furey Charuta G. , Cho Steve S. , Ehresman Jeff , O’Neill Luke K. , Uribe Juan S. , Kakarla U. Kumar , Turner Jay D.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Accurate intraoperative assessment of coronal alignment is critical to achieving favorable clinical outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgery. However, surgical positioning creates challenges in predicting standing coronal alignment. Gravity-based plumblines require an upright posture and are not possible intraoperatively. Intraoperative stitched radiography (ISR) is increasingly being used to evaluate coronal balance as an alternative to 36-inch films, which can be cumbersome. However, ISR does not allow for the measurement of absolute distances, which limits the intraoperative assessment of the coronal plane. We propose a novel angle to assess coronal balance on ISR: the T-bar angular offset (TAO). We evaluate TAO as a measure of coronal balance and assess the degree to which TAO measured on ISR can predict postoperative coronal balance.

METHODS:

Patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery with ISR were identified retrospectively. A virtual T-bar was created by drawing a line bisecting the S1 endplate perpendicular to a line connecting the acetabula. A second line was drawn from the origin of the first to the midpoint of the superior endplate of the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) or C7. The angles subtended by these lines were defined as the UIV TAO and C7 TAO, respectively.

RESULTS:

Sixty-eight patients were identified, with a median (range) of 8 (3-21) levels fused. Intraoperative UIV TAO correlated with both postoperative UIV TAO (R = 0.695, P < .001) and postoperative UIV central sacral vertical line (R = 0.435, P = .002). Intraoperative C7 TAO did not correlate with either postoperative C7 TAO (R = 0.213, P = .22) or C7 central sacral vertical line (R = 0.063, P = .72).

CONCLUSION:

TAO is a useful angular measure that can be used on noncalibrated ISR to predict the positioning of the UIV relative to the sacrum during spinal fusion surgery. However, it does not appear to be predictive of the coronal alignment of C7.
Matheuristic and learning methods in routing optimization
Authors: Μετζιδάκης Θεοχάρης
Published: November 2024

Η παρούσα διατριβή διερευνά το σχεδιασμό και την ανάπτυξη αποδοτικών μεθόδων βελτιστοποίησης για την επίλυση προβλημάτων δρομολόγησης. Τα προβλήματα δρομολόγησης προκύπτουν σε διάφορα περιβάλλοντα και συχνά συνυπάρχουν με άλλα δύσκολα προβλήματα βελτιστοποίησης. Η τοποθέτηση εγκαταστάσεων είναι ένα από αυτά που συχνά εμφανίζεται σε πραγματικές συνθήκες και συνδυάζεται με τις αποφάσεις δρομολόγησης, κάνοντας τα ήδη δύσκολα προβλήματα ακόμη πιο περίπλοκα στην επίλυσή τους.Αρχικά, μέσω μιας εκτεταμένης ανασκόπησης της βιβλιογραφίας, η μελέτη στοχεύει να εντοπίσει τις διαφορές μεταξύ διαφόρων μεθοδολογιών και να αντιμετωπίσει διάφορες προκλήσεις που σχετίζονται με τα Προβλήματα Δρομολόγησης και Χωροθέτησης Εγκαταστάσεων (LRP) και τα Σωρευτικά Προβλήματα Δρομολόγησης Οχημάτων (cum-VRP). Υπάρχουν διάφορες μεθοδολογικές προσεγγίσεις που χρησιμοποιούνται για την αντιμετώπιση τέτοιων προβλημάτων. Η διατριβή παρουσιάζει υβριδικές μαθευρετικές μεθοδολογίες που αξιοποιούν τα πλεονεκτήματα τόσο της μαθηματικής βελτιστοποίησης όσο και της ευρετικής αναζήτησης. Αυτά τα σχήματα έχουν σχεδιαστεί για να επιλύουν αποτελεσματικά πλούσιες παραλλαγές προβλημάτων, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των χρονικών παραθύρων ή της εξοικονόμησης ενέργειας. Η έρευνα επικεντρώνεται κυρίως σε υβριδικές μεθοδολογίες και σχήματα αποσύνθεσης που ενσωματώνουν ακριβείς και ευρετικές μεθόδους, διευκολύνοντας την αποτελεσματική εξερεύνηση του χώρου λύσεων για διάφορες περιπτώσεις προβλημάτων. Οι συνεισφορές αυτής της διατριβής είναι σημαντικές τόσο για την ακαδημαϊκή έρευνα όσο και για πρακτικές εφαρμογές στα logistics και τη διαχείριση της εφοδιαστικής αλυσίδας, προσφέροντας νέες λύσεις για τη βελτίωση της αποδοτικότητας και της αποτελεσματικότητας των συστημάτων διανομής. Με την ενσωμάτωση της ανθεκτικής βελτιστοποίησης και των μαθευρετικών προσεγγίσεων, η έρευνα παρέχει πολύτιμες γνώσεις για την αντιμετώπιση σύνθετων προβλημάτων logistics, ανοίγοντας τον δρόμο για πιο βιώσιμες και οικονομικά αποδοτικές λύσεις.
Laboratory findings predictive of critical illness in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Tunisia
Authors: Belkhir Donia , Blibech Hana , Kaabi Line , Miladi Saoussen , Jebali Mohamed Aymen , Daghfous Jalloul , Mehiri Nadia , Laatar Ahmed , Ben Salah Nozha , Snene Houda , Louzir Bechir
Published: November 2024

Background COVID-19 disease has spread rapidly worldwide, causing high mortality. Accessible biomarkers capable of early identification of patients at risk of severe form are needed in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to determine the biological markers that predict a critical condition. Methods Retrospective study including patients with confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized between September 2020 and June 2021. The primary endpoint was progression to critical status within 7 days from admission. We defined two groups: Critical group: Patients who developed a critical condition or died or transferred to the ICU before or at 7th day. Non-critical group: Patients who remained in non-critical respiratory status until 7th day or discharged before or at 7th day. Results Our study included 456 patients, with a sex ratio of 1.32 and an average age of 62 years. At the 7th day of hospitalization, 115 (25.2%) patients were in the critical group and 341 (74.8%) patients were in the non-critical group. The univariate logistic regression indicated that laboratory findings between non-critical and critical groups showed that C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.047), D-Dimer (p=0.011), creatinine (0.026), creatine kinase (p=0.039), lactate dehydrogenase (p=0.04), and troponin (p=0.001) were all higher among patients in critical group. However, lymphocyte (p<0.001) and platelet (p<0.001) counts were significantly lower among the critical group. Multivariate logistic regression model, identified four independent risk factors: lymphopenia (OR=2.771, 95%CI=1.482-5.181, p=0.001), Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) (OR=2.286, 95%CI=1.461-3.578, p<0.001), thrombocytopenia (OR=1.944, 95%CI=1.092-3.459, p=0.024), and CRP>71.5 (OR=1.598, 95% CI=1.042-2.45, p=0.032) were associated to critical group. Conclusions Our results show the predictive value of lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, high NLR and CRP levels to evaluate the prognosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. A prognostic score could be proposed for guiding clinical care and improving patient outcomes.
Youth athletes and wearable technology
Authors: Park Joon-Hyuk , Banarjee Chitra , Fu Jirui , White-Williams Cynthia , Coel Rachel , Zaslow Tracy , Benjamin Holly , Silva Florianne , Vomer Rock , Pujalte George
Published: November 2024

Wearable sensors have become integral tools for monitoring biomechanical and physiologic aspects of athletic training and performance. A prominent trend in fitness technology, wearable devices now measure a variety of health characteristics, including movement and posture, physiologic measures (eg, heart rate and energy expenditure), and fluid and electrolyte losses, to understand an athlete’s physiologic responses during activity. Sleep has proven integral to athletic performance, and sleep monitoring wearable devices (eg, watches, rings, and headbands) use various measures, such as actigraphy and pulse oximetry, to analyze sleep quality. Young athletes benefit from wearable devices during training sessions, where multimodal data are collected and analyzed to assess performance. Wearable devices are also useful for resistance training, biofeedback, and electrical muscle stimulation, providing athletes with tools to optimize their training regimens. Moreover, these devices play a crucial role in athlete safety by monitoring cardiac physiology, head impacts, and muscle rehabilitation after injury. We provide a comprehensive review of current wearable technology and its application in youth athletics, describe where and how these sensors are used to help enhance physiologic, biomechanical, and performance parameters, and discuss future directions for wearable devices to advance sports science and athlete management.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PROCESSES OF PRODUCTION OF SPARE PARTS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
Authors: Avetisyan Tatiana V. , Lvovich Yakov Y. , Preobrazhenskiy Andrey P.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the research is to develop a software simulation multi-product model designed for effective inventory management of spare parts. In the course of the work, a mathematical model was used to optimize the production and storage of spare parts for vehicles. At the same time, such significant factors as the total number of spare parts in stock, the frequency of failure of certain parts, operating conditions, the intensity of their use, as well as the influence of the human factor were taken into account. The results show that penalties for shipping and dynamic spare parts consumption significantly affect the cost function, while penalties for missing necessary parts significantly affect the minimum inventory level. The results can be applied to the management of spare parts stocks at authorized service centers. The study concludes that seasonal fluctuations in demand for spare parts can be eliminated by creating a scientifically sound spare parts inventory management system.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MOBILE APPLICATION A CROSS-PLATFORM VIRTUAL VOICE ASSISTANT FOR STUDENT
Authors: Safiullin Ramil N. , Torkunova Julia V.
Published: November 2024

The purpose of this article is to analyze modern approaches and technologies for creating voice assistants based on artificial intelligence, as well as to present the results of mobile development of a virtual voice assistant. The article discusses key aspects of the development, including the choice of algorithms for natural language processing, machine learning and speech recognition technologies. The architecture and functionality of the developed voice assistant are described, as well as examples of its application.
Materials and methods: modern methods of visual modeling and programming, the capabilities of the Dart language and the Flutter framework are used to solve the problems of developing a virtual assistant.
Results: a cross-platform mobile application has been developed that combines the capabilities of voice recognition, text mining, voice and image playback.
In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the future prospects of development, integration and implementation into the modern digital educational ecosystem.
FORMATION AND WAYS TO OPTIMIZE TRANSPORTATION COSTS OF A MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISE
Authors: Konovalova Tatyana V. , Dombrovsky Alexander N. , Nadiryan Sofiya L. , Kotsurba Sofiya V.
Published: November 2024

The article examines the patterns of changes in transport costs of a company providing transport and logistics services. The transport company "M" was chosen as the object of the study. A table "Amount of transportation costs" was compiled, as well as diagrams "Share of transportation costs" and "Amount of transportation costs of the company" were compiled. Tariff rates and the possibility of changing them are analyzed. Based on the data obtained, it is concluded that the introduction of new tariff rates directly affects the transport costs of the enterprise.
The purpose the study of the patterns of changes in transport costs of a company providing transport and logistics services on the example of the company "M". The change in the transport costs of a manufacturing enterprise is considered, taking into account changes in tariff rates, normalized depending on the length of the ride.
Methodology: when conducting research, the authors used research methods such as analysis and synthesis.
Results: as a result of the study, the following results were obtained: the transportation costs of the company "M" were calculated, the possibilities of changing tariff rates and the corresponding change in annual transportation costs were considered.
The scope of the results: research activities to develop new approaches in the field of transportation and transport services.
РАЗВИТИЕ КОНТРЕЙЛЕРНОГО СООБЩЕНИЯ НА МАРШРУТЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ТРАНСПОРТНОГО КОРИДОРА «СЕВЕР-ЮГ»
Authors: Moskvichev Oleg V. , Patsev Yurii P.
Published: November 2024

В настоящей статье представлен способ реализации транспортно-логистической схемы доставки грузов с применением контрейлерных технологий на международном транспортном коридоре «Север-Юг». Актуальность и практическое значение представленного в статье решения определяется тем, что наиболее перспективный с точки зрения протяженности и грузооборота Западный маршрут международного транспортного коридора «Север-Юг», имеет главный инфраструктурный барьер – отсутствие железнодорожной линии на участке Астара – Решт в Иране. В статье проведен анализ инвестиционного участия Российской стороны в реализации проекта по строительству недостающего участка железной дороги в исламской республике Иран и представлен альтернативный вариант применения транспортно-логистической схемы доставки груза с включением контрейлерного сообщения.
Цель – разработка транспортно-логистической схемы доставки груза с использованием контрейлерных технологий на международном транспортном коридоре «Север-Юг».
Метод и методология проведения работы. В статье использовались статистические методы анализа, а также методы математического моделирования и прогнозирования денежных потоков.
Результаты. Определен перечень опорных железнодорожных станций остановки контрейлерного поезда на полигоне железных дорог. Разработана экономико-математическая модель, описывающая условие применения транспортно-логистической схемы доставки груза с включением в нее контрейлерного сообщения. Дана оценка экономической эффективности проекта по реализации регулярного контрейлерного сообщения на полигоне железной дороги от станции Санкт-Петербург до станции Астара.
Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты целесообразно применять при проектировании транспортно-логистических схем доставки грузов с использованием нескольких видов транспорта.
SECURITY ANALYSIS OF URBAN VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS: VULNERABILITIES AND PROTECTION STRATEGIES
Authors: Israfilov Anar , Sitnikov Pavel R. , Sokolov Aleksandr D. , Ishankhonov Azizkhon Yu. , Blagova Irina Yu.
Published: November 2024

In the era of digitalization of urban spaces, video surveillance systems play a key role in ensuring public safety. However, vulnerabilities in the software and hardware of these systems can lead to serious privacy and security breaches. The importance of this topic is due to the growing number of cyber attacks and data leaks, the targets of which are often urban infrastructure.
Purpose. The main aim of this article is to analyze the vulnerabilities of video surveillance systems in the context of urban infrastructure, as well as to identify potential risks to data security and personal privacy. The article seeks to identify weaknesses in technologies and offer recommendations for eliminating them.
Methodology. The analysis used methods for analyzing data on violations in video surveillance systems over the past five years and a review of modern technologies: Study of modern encryption methods and practices of regular software updates aimed at minimizing risks.
Results. The study showed that most video surveillance systems are vulnerable to medium-level attacks. The most common vulnerabilities are related to insufficient data encryption and outdated software. As a result of the analysis, proposals were developed to strengthen data protection, including regular software updates and the use of multi-level authentication and encryption systems.
Practical implications. The findings and recommendations for strengthening surveillance systems can be applied across various sectors of urban infrastructure, including public transportation, municipal institutions, and commercial facilities. The implementation of these recommendations is particularly critical for locations with high foot traffic and elevated security requirements, such as schools, hospitals, and shopping centers. Effective adoption of the proposed encryption technologies and enhanced security measures will help prevent not only data breaches but also potential acts of terrorism or other security threats to citizens.
THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILWAY
Authors: Knyazkina Olga V. , Khamitov Renat M.
Published: November 2024

The geographical location of the Russian Federation determines its huge transit potential. Currently, there is a process of redistribution of existing cargo flows from the west to the east, in this regard, new logistics chains are being formed and new challenges arise for Russia as an active participant in international transport corridors. In this regard, the relevance of the Trans–Siberian Railway as part of the international East-West transport corridor is increasing. The article examines the transport potential of the Trans-Siberian Railway and describes measures to increase the carrying capacity, and as a result, the attractiveness of the Trans-Siberian Railway for cargo transportation. The problem associated with the reorientation of existing cargo flows in the eastern direction and, as a result, the growing demand for the transportation of universal containers in gondola cars due to a shortage of fitting platforms and an increase in the empty mileage of gondola cars is outlined. The solution may be the construction of a transport and logistics center on the territory of the Kemerovo Oblast- Kuzbass, in the closest proximity to the main places of loading of metallurgical and coal products, the production and production of which are concentrated in Kuzbass.
Purpose. The study of the logistics organization of cargo transportation and ways to improve it on the example of the East–West transport corridor due to the formation of a transport and logistics center in the Kemerovo Oblast- Kuzbass.
Methodology. The article used methods of systems theory, system analysis and synthesis, logistics, analytical and statistical methods.
Results. The current state, problems and prospects of the Trans-Siberian railway development are described. The expediency of building a transport and logistics center on the territory of the Kemerovo Oblast – Kuzbass is substantiated.
Practical implications. The obtained research results may be in demand in logistics practice to optimize the organization of cargo transportation.
DIGITALIZATION IN THE ACTIVITIES OF RUSSIAN TRANSPORT INDUSTRY ENTERPRISES
Authors: Mirkina Olga N.
Published: November 2024

Information technologies and digitalization are actively used in the activities of enterprises in various industries. The terms "digitalization" and "digital transformation" should be distinguished. The degree of digitalization among enterprises in the transport industry and logistics is quite high. Further expansion of the introduction of digital technologies is facilitated by the adoption and implementation of government strategic documents. According to the author, the activities of transport enterprises have not yet entered the stage of digital transformation, although there are conditions for this. Transport and logistics enterprises use a variety of digital technologies and tools. They contribute to the positive economic result of enterprises.
The goal is to consider the dynamics and trends of digitalization of the activities of domestic transport industry enterprises.
Methodology. The study used a systematic approach and general scientific methods - statistical, comparative analysis and logical generalizations.
Results. Differences between the terms "digitalization" and "digital transformation" are shown. The degree of digitalization of transport and logistics enterprises was assessed. Promising directions for the development of digital technologies in the activities of transport and logistics enterprises are presented.
Field of application of the results. It is advisable to apply the obtained results to economic entities engaged in activities in the field of transport and logistics, as well as public administration.
Addressing Loneliness: A Variety of Approaches
Authors: Rokach Ami
Published: November 2024

Loneliness has been with us since the beginning of time. Many ask themselves what can they do about loneliness? It is impossible, of course, to eradicate it. It is simply part of being human, just like hunger and physical pain. We can, though, address its pain and possibly lower its frequency in our lives. This article reviews the field of treatment of the pain caused by loneliness, and assisting people, of various ages, reduce its frequency. The appointment of a minister of loneliness in the UK, may be a right step in getting loneliness out of the “closet”, and in the forefront of public awareness and the state’s attempts to address it on a national level.
Loneliness or Solitude: Which Will We Experience?
Authors: Rokach Ami , Boulazreg Samir
Published: November 2024

Loneliness, social isolation, aloneness, and solitude are frequently used interchangeably but are actually different. Loneliness is particularly salient now, due to the international restrictions on social activities imposed as a result of COVID-19, which brought loneliness into open discussion worldwide.  The article highlights loneliness as a multidimensional construct and reviews its impact on cognitive, behavioral and affective functioning. In doing so, particular attention is given to loneliness as it manifests through the various life stages, as well as how personal predisposition and contextual factors may exacerbate it. in this article we also review solitude, and a clear distinction between loneliness and solitude is established. Finally, we conclude by addressing the global claims of loneliness during the pandemic and its implications. We offer a point of view which may assist in coping with it.
The Logos of the Communicating Silence
Authors: Brejdak Jaromir
Published: November 2024

The following thesis is an attempt to establish the communicative dimensions of silence. In it I put forward a thesis in the spirit of Martin Buber's philosophy of dialogue and Max Scheler's phenomenology of emotion , according to which true dialogue does not convey specific content, but modes of existence born of the experience of presence. This kind of normative transmission of existence makes communication a communion. Underlying tacit communication are various forms of affection , through which emotionality becomes one of the main dimensions of communicating silence.
O sprawiedliwym podziale korzyści z utworów – uwagi konstytucyjnoprawne i z perspektywy law and economics
Authors: Przywora Bogusław , Kabza Jakub
Published: November 2024

Celem niniejszego opracowania było uchwycenie fenomenu utworu z perspektywy ekonomicznej analizy prawa, oraz podkreślenia konsekwencji braku z jednej strony ochrony twórców oraz wprowadzenia takiej ochrony, z drugiej wskazania metod umożliwiających znalezienie optymalnego/sprawiedliwego poziomu ochrony. W opracowaniu Analiza prowadzona - dla uproszczenia – ograniczono rozważania do utworów, objętych ochroną na gruncie prawa autorskiego.
RUSSIA'S PRESSURE ON NATO AND ITS RESPONSE DURING THE FULL-SCALE WAR IN UKRAINE
Authors: Jureńczyk Łukasz
Published: November 2024

The article concerns the pressure exerted by Russia on NATO during the full-scale war in Ukraine and the Alliance's response to this pressure. This issue is considered in the theoretical perspective of neoclassical realism, which is to explain the attitude of Russia and NATO. The article poses the following main questions: Why did Russia decide to implement a confrontational policy towards NATO and put so much pressure on it? Is the West effectively balancing the threat from Russia and what are the conditions for successfully and long-term countering its pressure? As a part of the research, interviews with American scientists and experts were conducted and strategic documents of the parties were analyzed. The article argues that domestic-level variables created an opportunity for the Kremlin to implement a confrontational policy towards NATO, but it misjudged the structural variables. NATO's ability to resist pressure from Russia effectively and over the long term will be determined by domestic-level variables of member states. The first section of the article includes embedding the analyzed issues in a theoretical framework and formulating research hypotheses. The second and third sections of the article cover, respectively, a discussion of Russia's pressure on NATO and of the Alliance's reaction to the pressure.
Problem utożsamiania liczby porządkowej z rangą w polskich słownikach frekwencyjnych
Authors: Lewaszkiewicz Tadeusz
Published: November 2024

THE PROBLEM OF IDENTIFYING AN ORDINAL NUMBER WITH A RANKING POLISH FREQUENCY DICTIONARIES
The frequency dictionaries listed in the title contain three ranking lists based on the F index (absolute frequency), U index (relative frequency) and D index (measure of uniformity and distribution in styles). There are serious objections to the method used, according to which, when the F, U or D index values are equal, the entry rank (i.e. the number in the list) is decided by the alphabetical order. In case of words with high frequencies, each word is usually assigned a separate rank, because they differ in frequency. With increasingly lower frequencies, the same frequency is shared by a few, a dozen, a few hundred or even thousands of words (for example frequency 2 or 1). Words with the same frequency should have the same rank. In Polish frequency dictionaries, however, their rank differs depending on the alphabetical order. Hence, the ordinal number of a word is made equal to its rank. I believe that such method falls short of scholarly standards, because words with the same frequency differ considerably in rank. For example, in the Polish frequency dictionary (Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej, Kraków 1990), words with frequency 4 are assigned ranks from 8739 (abstrahować) to 10355 (żywot) – a difference of 1616 places on the ranking list. For words with frequency 3, 2 and 1, the differences in the ranking list would be much greater. The ordinal number of words is not equated with their rank in, among others, frequency dictionaries of Slovak and Croatian as well as the Bulgarian dictionary of colloquial speech. Nevertheless, many frequency dictionaries of various languages do equate the number and the rank. Therefore, a discussion involving linguists interested in statistical linguistics is necessary.
Dystrybucja wykładnika stopnia wyższego -sz-/-ejsz-
Authors: Górski Rafał L.
Published: November 2024

THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE MARKER OF DEGREE -SZ-/-EJSZ-
Polish comparative of adjectives is marked by suffix -sz-, which has a variant -ejsz-. The distribution of the two variants is a matter of debate. Whereas there is no doubt that only -sz- can occur after stems ending with a single consonant, consonant clusters generally require the extended form. Still, there is a number of clusters which can be followed by the shorter form, which is often (at least implicitly) considered basic. There were numerous attempts to precisely define the contexts governing the distribution of the two variants, often connecting it to the sonority scale. We suggest that it is rather the distribution of the shorter form, which is more restricted, namely it may follow only a cluster of two consonants ending with a stop, or a single consonant. At the same time, any cluster can be followed by the longer form. Therefore, in the reminder of the article we examine the frequency of the longer forms following the clusters ending with a stop or affricate, which prove to be attested for a number of adjectives, however they are very rare. The article is based on large bodies of data, namely a morphological dictionary with over 1000 morphologically gradable adjectives (Polimorf) and three corpora.
Na Nowy Rok przybywa dnia na kurzy krok, a na Trzy Króle na owczy skok
Authors: Popławski Emil
Published: November 2024

NAMES OF MEASURES OF THE LENGTHENING DAY RECORDED IN POLISH PROVERBS
The article concerns the characteristic names of time measures that appear in the proverb calendar in Polish and other languages. These include: barani/kurzy owczy/wilczy/zajęczy skok; kurzy krok; kurze postąpienie/stąpienie; kurza stopa/stopka; kura pianie zapianie oraz wołowe wyleżenie/zależenie. These measures refer to the slightly lengthening day after the winter solstice (22 December). They indicate fairly short stretches of time, between a few and several minutes, which are almost imperceptible to the average person. These names are motivated by observations of the behaviour of farmed and wild animals. The most common of these references to the hen (Polish: kura or kur) have roots in ancient beliefs.
Sposoby wyrażania śmierci w inskrypcjach nagrobnych ze Starego Cmentarza w Zakopanem
Authors: Szczaus Agnieszka
Published: November 2024

MEANS OF EXPRESSING DEATH IN GRAVESTONE INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE OLD CEMETERY IN ZAKOPANE
The article investigates linguistic and extralinguistic means of notifying of death through gravestone inscriptions in Zakopane. The analysis of 595 inscriptions from the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries allowed us to establish that the repertoire of linguistic means of signalling death is much more differentiated than the extralinguistic one. Linguistic measures include: 1. lexemes directly communicating death (e.g. verbs: to die, to commit suicide; participles: killed); 2. euphemistic expressions for death (death is metaphorically expressed as: rest, sleep, transformation in the world of flora, extinguished flame, journey, sacrifice); 3. date of death. Extralinguistic measures include: 1. ideograms in the form of an obelisk (dagger) †; 2. placing names in a certain context, in the burial area, at a cemetery gravestone. The analysis results were compared with results of studies of inscriptions from other cemeteries in Poland, which showed that the fundamental manner of speaking of death is constant, independent of place or time – discrepancies pertain to nuances only.
Prestiż nazw obiektów handlowych i usługowych
Authors: Jabłońska Monika
Published: November 2024

THE PRESTIGE OF THE NAMES OF TRADING AND SERVICE POINTS
The paper presents the names of trading and service points, such as salon (hairdresser’s salon), instytut (cosmetic institute), galeria (trade gallery), centrum (sports centre), which have been replacing older names like zakład (zakład fryzjerski), dom (dom towarowy) or ośrodek (ośrodek sportu). These new words, created as a result of neosemantisation, seem to be better because of their higher prestige. The term prestige has been used, so far, to describe people, institutions and jobs, however, in this article, it will be related to words. The aim of this paper was to find semantic and pragmatic components which indicate prestige of lexemes constituting the names of trading and service points. They are: emotional character of words, their territorial extent and relation to objects which are generally respected, because they refer to important values and higher-level needs. Choosing more prestigious names for trading and service points makes their position higher. It also increases the respect of jobs which are not prestigious.
Changes in the Language Behavior and Language Attitude of Residents of the Black Sea coast of Ukraine after February 24, 2022
Authors: Kuznietsova Tetiana
Published: November 2024

ZMIANY W ZACHOWANIACH JĘZYKOWYCH I POSTAWACH MIESZKAŃCÓW UKRAIŃSKIEGO WYBRZEŻA MORZA CZARNEGO PO 24 LUTEGO 2022 R.
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań socjolingwistycznych przeprowadzonych wśród mieszkańców obwodów odeskiego i mikołajowskiego w Ukrainie w latach 2020–2021 i 2023. Główny nacisk położono na trendy zmian, jakie zaszły w zachowaniach językowych, i postawy względem języków używanych w codziennej komunikacji mieszkańców regionu południowego po inwazji Rosji na Ukrainę. Wyniki badań świadczą o kształtowaniu się zbiorowej ukraińskiej tożsamości na południu Ukrainy. Odzwierciedla to podejście wszystkich obywateli do kwestii statusu języka państwowego: w 2023 roku 100% respondentów wyraziło opinię, że ukraiński powinien być jedynym językiem państwowym. Jednocześnie dwujęzyczność ukraińsko-rosyjska zaczęła być postrzegana przez zdecydowaną większość w sposób wyraźnie negatywny. Zaobserwować można aktywizację języka ukraińskiego oraz spadek częstotliwości używania języka rosyjskiego. Badania ponadto wykazują dynamiczną zmianę postawy wobec Suržyka, który w czasie wojny nabył nowe funkcje: stał się wyznacznikiem „przyjaciela”, a także kodem przejściowym używanym w zmianie języka codziennego, tj. w przejściu z zachowania rosyjskojęzycznego do ukraińskojęzycznego.
The Importance of Unemployment Risk for Individual Savings
Authors: Juelsrud Ragnar E. , Wold Ella Getz
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we use a novel natural experiment and Norwegian tax data to quantify the causal impact of unemployment risk on individual savings. By comparing individuals who live in the same area but face different increases in risk, we show that a one-percentage-point increase in unemployment rates increases safe assets by 1.3%. Reassuringly, this effect is driven by low-tenured workers, who face the highest increase in risk. Savings in risky financial assets remain unaffected, implying a decrease in the overall risky share of individual portfolios. We use two independent approaches, relying either on cross-sectional variation or time series variation, to quantify the importance of job loss risk in accounting for higher savings during recessions. Our results suggest that unemployment risk can explain 60%–80% of the recession-induced increase in safe assets.

This paper was accepted by Camelia Kuhnen, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00987 .