bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical role for the lung endothelial nonmuscle myosin light‐chain kinase isoform in the severity of inflammatory murine lung injury
Authors: Kempf Carrie L. , Sammani Saad , Bermudez Tadeo , Song Jin H. , Hernon Vivian Reyes , Hufford Matthew K. , Burt Jessica , Camp Sara M. , Dudek Steven M. , Garcia Joe G. N.
Published: March 2022

Global knockout of the nonmuscle isoform of myosin light‐chain kinase (nmMLCK), a primary cellular regulator of cytoskeletal machinery, is strongly protective in preclinical murine models of inflammatory lung injury. The current study was designed to assess the specific contribution of endothelial cell (EC) nmMLCK to the severity of murine inflammatory lung injury produced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mechanical ventilation ventilator‐induced lung injury or ventilation (VILI). Responses to combined LPS/VILI exposure were assessed in: (i) wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6J mice; (ii) transgenic mice with global deletion of nmMLCK (nmMylk−/−); (iii) transgenic nmMylk−/− mice with overexpression of nmMLCK restricted to the endothelium (nmMylk−/−/ec‐tg+). Lung inflammation indices included lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), lung protein biochemistry, tissue albumin levels, Evans blue dye (EBD) lung extravasation, and plasma cytokines (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], keratinocyte chemoattractant [KC]/IL‐8, IL‐1bβ, extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, tumor necrosis factor‐α). Compared to WT C57BL/6J mice, the severity of LPS/VILI‐induced lung injury was markedly reduced in mice with global nmMLCK deletion reflected by reductions in histologic inflammatory lung injury, BAL PMN counts, mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and NF‐kB pathway activation in lung homogenates, plasma cytokine levels, and parameters of lung permeability (increased BAL protein, tissue albumin levels, EBD lung extravasation). In contrast, mice with restricted overexpression of nmMLCK in EC (nmMylk−/−/ec‐tg+) showed significant persistence of LPS/VILI‐induced lung injury severity compared to WT mice. In conclusion, these studies strongly endorse the role of EC nmMLCK in driving the severity of preclinical inflammatory lung injury. Precise targeting of EC nmMLCK may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to reduce lung inflammation and both lung and systemic vascular permeability.
Increasing the kinetic stability of a gas‐phase contact ion‐pair through enhancement of the carbocation stability
Authors: Ventura Elizete , do Monte Silmar A.
Published: March 2022

The occurrence of a hydrogen‐bonded contact ion pair (HBCIP, in the gas phase) between the dibenzotropylium cation and chloride has been suggested previously. However, the low barrier (ΔE‡, of ~1 kcal/mol) to its covalent counterpart can preclude its detection. In this work it is shown (through density functional theory calculations) that ΔE‡ can be increased significantly, based on larger but similar carbocations containing more benzene rings. Using the electrostatic potential as a measure of carbocation stability, along with its linear correlation with ΔE‡, one obtains a ΔE‡ value as high as ~3.7 kcal/mol for the HBCIP between the heptabenzotropylium cation and chloride. The trend for ΔE‡ can be explained by the deformation energy of the carbocation, from its structure in the HBCIP to that in the transition state.
CunSi12 (n = 30, 38, and 60): A series of silicide cages with high content of TM atoms
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Zhao Huiyan , Wang Jing , Liu Ying
Published: March 2022

A series of silicide cages with high content of transition metal atoms, CunSi12 (n = 30, 38, and 60) clusters, have been systematically investigated in the framework of density functional theory. Among them, Cu30Si12 with a higher Eb and a lager HOMO‐LUMO gap has been discussed in detail. The hollow cage‐like structure Cu30Si12, which adopts an Ih‐symmetry, can be described as the combination of 12 Cu5Si. Molecular dynamics simulations and vibrational frequency analysis have been conducted to verify its stability. Electron density analysis, natural bond orbitals analysis, and partial density of states analysis have been done to explore the binding characters of Cu30Si12. The results indicate that the σ bonds between Cu and Si atoms are of great importance for structural stability. More importantly, on one hand, CunSi12 (n = 30, 38, and 60) can encapsulate atoms or molecules to regulate their properties. On the other hand, CunSi12 (n = 30, 38, and 60) may be rather tempting for the further semiconductor devices due to the existence of silicon.
Active learning promotes more positive attitudes towards the course: A meta‐analysis☆
Authors: Tutal Özgür , Yazar Taha
Published: March 2022

This review aims to analyse the results of individual studies examining the effect of the active learning approach on students’ attitudes towards course by meta‐analysis method, also expose the impact of various study characteristics on this effect. As a result of the literature review carried out for this purpose, 144 studies (158 effect sizes) that meet the inclusion criteria were included in the meta‐analysis. The result of the analysis by using the random‐effects model indicated a moderate overall effect size for the effectiveness of active learning on attitudes towards the course (g = 0.757). This reveals that active learning is more effective on students’ attitudes towards the course than traditional lecture‐based methods. According to the analyses made to detect publication bias, it was determined that there was no publication bias in the meta‐analysis. Moreover, moderator analyses were conducted for ten possible moderator variables. The moderator analyses indicated that the effect of active learning on attitudes towards the course moderated only by a variable, the developer of the scale. The sub‐group analysis of scale developers revealed a strong effect for the studies in which the scale was developed by the research author (g = 1.159) and a moderate effect for the studies in which the scale was developed by another researcher(s) (g = 0.661).
A semi‐parametric Bayesian model for semi‐continuous longitudinal data
Authors: Ren Junting , Tapert Susan , Fan Chun Chieh , Thompson Wesley K.
Published: March 2022

Semi‐continuous data present challenges in both model fitting and interpretation. Parametric distributions may be inappropriate for extreme long right tails of the data. Mean effects of covariates, susceptible to extreme values, may fail to capture relevant information for most of the sample. We propose a two‐component semi‐parametric Bayesian mixture model, with the discrete component captured by a probability mass (typically at zero) and the continuous component of the density modeled by a mixture of B‐spline densities that can be flexibly fit to any data distribution. The model includes random effects of subjects to allow for application to longitudinal data. We specify prior distributions on parameters and perform model inference using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) Gibbs‐sampling algorithm programmed in R. Statistical inference can be made for multiple quantiles of the covariate effects simultaneously providing a comprehensive view. Various MCMC sampling techniques are used to facilitate convergence. We demonstrate the performance and the interpretability of the model via simulations and analyses on the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study (NCANDA) data on alcohol binge drinking.
All‐Electrochemical Nanofabrication of Stacked Ternary Metal Sulfide/Graphene Electrodes for High‐Performance Alkaline Batteries
Authors: Sanchez Jaime S. , Xia Zhenyuan , Patil Nagaraj , Grieco Rebecca , Sun Jinhua , Klement Uta , Qiu Ren , Christian Meganne , Liscio Fabiola , Morandi Vittorio , Marcilla Rebeca , Palermo Vincenzo
Published: March 2022

Energy‐storage materials can be assembled directly on the electrodes of a battery using electrochemical methods, this allowing sequential deposition, high structural control, and low cost. Here, a two‐step approach combining electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and cathodic electrodeposition (CED) is demonstrated to fabricate multilayer hierarchical electrodes of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and mixed transition metal sulfides (NiCoMnSx). The process is performed directly on conductive electrodes applying a small electric bias to electro‐deposit rGO and NiCoMnSx in alternated cycles, yielding an ideal porous network and a continuous path for transport of ions and electrons. A fully rechargeable alkaline battery (RAB) assembled with such electrodes gives maximum energy density of 97.2 Wh kg−1 and maximum power density of 3.1 kW kg−1, calculated on the total mass of active materials, and outstanding cycling stability (retention 72% after 7000 charge/discharge cycles at 10 A g−1). When the total electrode mass of the cell is considered, the authors achieve an unprecedented gravimetric energy density of 68.5 Wh kg−1, sevenfold higher than that of typical commercial supercapacitors, higher than that of Ni/Cd or lead–acid Batteries and similar to Ni–MH Batteries. The approach can be used to assemble multilayer composite structures on arbitrary electrode shapes.
Aqueous MXene/Xanthan Gum Hybrid Inks for Screen‐Printing Electromagnetic Shielding, Joule Heater, and Piezoresistive Sensor
Authors: Wu Han , Xie Yimei , Ma Yanan , Zhang Binbin , Xia Bin , Zhang Pengxiang , Qian Wei , He Daping , Zhang Xin , Li Bao‐Wen , Nan Ce‐Wen
Published: March 2022

MXenes have exhibited potential for application in flexible devices owing to their remarkable electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Printing strategies have emerged as a facile route for additive manufacturing of MXene‐based devices, which relies on the rational design of functional inks with appropriate rheological properties. Herein, aqueous MXene/xanthan gum hybrid inks with tunable viscosity, excellent printability, and long‐term stability are designed. Screen‐printed flexible MXene films using such hybrid inks exhibit a high conductivity up to 4.8 × 104 S m−1, which is suitable to construct multifunctional devices mainly including electromagnetic shielding, Joule heaters, and piezoresistive sensors. The average electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding value can reach to 40.1 dB. In the Joule heater, the heating rate of printed MXene film can reach 20 °C s−1 under a driving voltage of 4 V, with a highest steady‐state temperature of 130.8 °C. An MXene‐based piezoresistive sensor prepared by the printing interdigital electrode also presents good sensing performance with a short response time of 130 ms and wide pressure region up to 30 kPa. As a result, screen‐printed MXene film exhibits reinforced multifunctional performance, which is promising for application in the next‐generation of intelligent and wearable devices.
Freeze‐Tolerant Hydrogel Electrolyte with High Strength for Stable Operation of Flexible Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqing , Ji Chenchen , Meng Qiangqiang , Mi Hongyu , Yang Qi , Li Zixiao , Yang Nianjun , Qiu Jieshan
Published: March 2022

Constructing ionic conductive hydrogels with diversified properties is crucial for portable zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs). Herein, a freeze‐tolerant hydrogel electrolyte (AF PVA‐CMC/Zn(CF3SO3)2) is developed by forming a semi‐interpenetrating anti‐freezing polyvinyl alcohol‐carboxymethyl cellulose (AF PVA‐CMC) network filled with the ethylene glycol (EG)‐containing Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous solution. The semi‐interpenetrating AF PVA‐CMC/Zn(CF3SO3)2 possesses enhanced mechanical properties, realizes the uniform zinc deposition, and impedes the dendrite growth. Notably, the interaction between PVA and EG suppresses the ice crystal formation and prevents freezing at −20 °C. Due to these advantages, the designed hydrogel owns high ionic conductivity of 1.73/0.75 S m−1 at 20/−20 °C with excellent tensile/compression strength at 20 °C. Impressively, the flexible AF quasi‐solid‐state ZHSC employing the hydrogel electrolyte achieves a superior energy density at 20/−20 °C (87.9/60.7 Wh kg−1). It maintains nearly 84.8% of the initial capacity after 10 000 cycles and a low self‐discharge rate (1.77 mV h−1) at 20 °C, together with great tolerance to corrosion. Moreover, this device demonstrates a stable electrochemical performance at −20 °C under deformation. The obtained results provide valuable insights for constructing durable hydrogel electrolytes in cold environments.
Cranial anatomy and systematics of Dendrerpeton cf. helogenes (Tetrapoda, Temnospondyli) from the Pennsylvanian of Joggins, revisited through micro‐CT scanning
Authors: Arbez Thomas , Atkins Jade B. , Maddin Hillary C.
Published: March 2022

The Joggins Fossil Cliffs constitute an upper Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) locality in Nova Scotia (Canada). This site, known for the rich record of fossils preserved in the palaeoenvironment in which they lived, sheds light on the late Carboniferous environment. More specifically, Joggins records one of the earliest Pennsylvanian ecosystems and is unique in preserving a rich diversity of terrestrial fauna compared with other Pennsylvanian communities, which mostly preserve aquatic fauna. For vertebrate palaeontology, the significance of Joggins lies in the discovery of the earliest amniotes (Hylonomus lyelli Dawson, Protoclepsydrops haplous Carroll, and Asaphestera platyris (Steen)) and the second earliest temnospondyl, Dendrerpeton (only Balanerpeton woodi Milner & Sequeira occurs earlier). Computed tomography of the most complete tetrapod specimen found at Joggins, the temnospondyl amphibian currently referred to Dendrysekos helogenes Steen, made accessible the internal anatomy and revealed previously obscured anatomical structures, including the stapes, scleral plates, and partial sphenethmoid. These newly accessible features enabled a redescription of this specimen. The resulting anatomical comparisons and phylogenetic analyses suggest that the genus Dendrysekos is a junior synonym of Dendrerpeton; the diagnostic characters previously distinguishing the two genera are considered to be instead a combination of ontogenetic and preservational parameters, and the two genera were not resolved as discrete. Additionally, the phylogenetic analyses show that the interrelationships between the main early temnospondyl groups (Edopoidea, Dvinosauria, Eryopoidea and Dissorophoidea) are neither robust nor well supported, due to the low number of shared derived characters.
Contextualizing international ambidextrous strategies of Chinese multinational enterprises
Authors: Avioutskii Viatcheslav , Tensaout Mouloud
Published: March 2022

This article helps explain the theoretical mechanisms of the contextual influence of ambidextrous foreign acquisition strategies of Chinese multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Europe. Based on the National Business System approach, we demonstrate that these strategies are contextually driven and institutionally conditioned. We use fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis to identify the configurations of factors affecting the strategies of 829 mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in 29 countries in 1992–2019. We propose a new measure for the organizational ambidexterity construct based on the nature and type of M&As. Our results show that conglomerate affiliation, state ownership, and international business experience affect the deployment of ambidextrous acquisition strategies, while outward foreign direct investment (FDI) policies have a positive effect only for individual firms or when host country innovation environment is well developed. Finally, smaller individual MNE early internationalizers are more likely to deploy acquisition ambidexterity when the government adopts outward FDI policies.
Foliar application of chitosan increases plant growth and ecofriendly control of Cucumis sativus leaf disease
Authors: Wan Ahmad Sofian Wan Sarah Qistina , Baharulrazi Norfhairna , Yunus Nor Alafiza , Musa Siti Fatimah Masturah , Adrus Nadia , Jamaludin Jamarosliza
Published: March 2022

Biological prevention of plant disease with bio‐pesticides is widely encouraged and recommended due to the high environmental risk of chemical pesticides. Because of their non‐toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties, chitosan and oligo‐chitosan are well‐known biocontrol agents. The objectives of this research were to determine the best chitosan foliar concentration for Cucumis Sativus growth and yield, and its leaf and fruit disease control. Observation towards the impact of chitosan as an environmentally approach to plant disease control will be explored. To grow Cucumis Sativus the medium used was 100% cocopeat, with electrical conductivity (EC) nutrient solution 1.9mS/cm. The concentrations of chitosan applied were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 ppm. The chitosan was applied once a week. It started 30 days after sowing from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. As a result, the highest length of fruits was achieved at 75 ppm and the highest average diameter at 100 ppm chitosan concentration. Next, at 75 ppm, the impact of chitosan on the total number of fruits and the total weight showed a positive result. Furthermore, the effect of chitosan as an environmentally friendly plant disease control indicated that chitosan has a positive influence on cucumber plant fruit and leaf disease. Chitosan concentrations of 75–100 ppm show the best performance in controlling diseases that affect fruits and leaves. Based on the result, increase the chitosan concentration will increase the plant growth and control the cucumber disease. In conclusion, foliar applications of chitosan resulted in increased vegetative growth, better cucumber fruit quality and plant disease control compared to control plants (0 ppm).
Spatial and temporal analysis of sheep scab notifications in Scotland, 2014–2019
Authors: Jones Rheinallt O. , Geddes Eilidh , Mohr Sibylle , Bell Iain R. , Brulisauer Antonia Ganser , Pritchard Charlotte , Nisbet Alasdair J. , Burgess Stewart T.G. , Busin Valentina
Published: March 2022

Background

Sheep scab is considered an endemic disease of great welfare and economic significance in the UK.

Method

This paper provides an up‐to‐date assessment of the impact of Sheep Scab (Scotland) Order 2010 on sheep scab notifications in Scotland between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2019, using data collected by the APHA.

Results

In total, 564 sheep scab notifications were reported from 503 unique holdings, of which 44 holdings (8.7%) reported more than one incident. The number of notifications did not differ between years, with 81, 84, 93, 101, 109 and 97 notifications recorded in 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively: representing an average annual notification prevalence of 0.63% (1/159 flocks/year). A total of 413/564 records documented how notifications were resolved, with macrocyclic lactone and organophosphate treatments accounting for 79.6% and 20.4% of resolutions, respectively.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the Order has facilitated the notification of sheep scab in Scotland (including trends and preferred methods of resolution), allowed industry and government to identify previously unidentified potentially free areas as well as recurrent incidents on sheep farms, and start to understand better the geographical and temporal nature of scab outbreaks. However, concerns remain about a potential lack of engagement, evidenced by the low notification prevalence and stagnant annual notification rates.
Introduction: Revisualising Intersectionality
Authors: Haschemi Yekani Elahe , Nowicka Magdalena
Published: March 2022

The introduction toRevisualising Intersectionalityexplains the proposal for a revisualising of intersectionality as a double strategy of revising intersectionality and infusing it with a stronger focus on visual perceptions of similarity and difference to understand social stratification and inequality. Haschemi Yekani and Nowicka briefly situate the book within what by now has become the transdisciplinary field of intersectionality studies.
Where Difference Begins
Authors: Nowicka Magdalena
Published: March 2022

This chapter engages with seeing as a socio-cultural process and asks if it is possible to see beyond established categories. Nowicka illustrates how people struggle to order others into neatly delineated groups related to their gender, sexuality, race, and ethnicity. Drawing on research from cognitive science and philosophy, the chapter investigates how we arrive from a messy sensory visual experience to discrete social categories. Thereby, the central interest of this chapter is the question how we could arrive at categories that better correspond to the intersectional experience of being in the world. Finally, the chapter points to the central role of attention and discusses the significance of the scientific gaze and the potential of artistic enquiry for a more intersectional form of seeing.
Revisualising Intersectionality: Conversations
Authors: Roxanne Tiara
Published: March 2022

Roxanne introduces the “conversations” format which combined methods of artistic research and instigated the transdisciplinary research undergirding the publication ofRevisualising Intersectionality. Although each conversation was dedicated to one concept, namely trans*, sameness, perception, and intimacy, in the chapter, Roxanne explains how they are all positioned as epistemologies that challenge binaries (e.g., queer theory) and categorisation (e.g., critical race theory). Via readings of Doireann O’Malley’s filmPrototypesand Stephanie Comilang’s sci-fi documentaryLumapit Sa Akin, Paraiso (Come to Me, Paradise), Roxanne draws attention to how visuality influences the presentation of bodies across structural and societal paradigms and how our external experience is based on visual sense-making.
Conclusion: Revising Intersectionality
Authors: Nowicka Magdalena , Haschemi Yekani Elahe
Published: March 2022

In the conclusion of Revisualising Intersectionality, Nowicka and Haschemi Yekani underscore the need for a transdisciplinary revision of the visual anchoring of difference in scientific knowledge production. In cognitive and psychological research, the habitual use of gender or race as categories that can be accessed by relying on visual inputs needs to be questioned. In the social sciences, a careful analysis of scopic regimes of difference can help overcome simplifications both of social constructivism and of biological determinism. In analyses of cultural representation, circular explanatory models of stereotypes producing “bad images” which would be alleviated through “positive images” should be avoided. To this end, the authors suggest learning from artistic research and practice to assume another point of view and disrupt preconceived orders.
Bestand während der Anfangsphase der Corona-Krise ein „nationaler Schulterschluss“ in Österreich?
Authors: Tackner Nico , Hadler Markus , Reicher Dieter
Published: March 2022

In der medialen und politischen Kommunikation der Corona-Krise ist der sogenannte „Schulterschluss“ neben anderen Begriffen zur Betonung des nationalen Zusammenhaltes omnipräsent. Angesichts der Wahlumfragen zur Zeit des Lockdowns schien sich ein solcher, zumindest in der Unterstützung für die Regierungsparteien, abzuzeichnen. Um empirisch zu prüfen, inwieweit sich ein derartiges Wir-Gefühl in dieser Zeit tatsächlich ausbildete, wollen wir hier nachvollziehen, wie sich die nationale Verbundenheit und der Nationalstolz in Österreich zu dieser Zeit ausprägten. Zur Klärung dieser Fragen werden Daten aus demAustria Corona Panel Projectmit verschiedenen anderen Survey-Programmen verglichen, um das Bild aus dem ersten Lockdown historisch und international zu kontextualisieren. Aus diesen Vergleichen lässt sich ableiten, dass die Corona-Krise auf die bereits hohe Verbundenheit mit Österreich bzw. den Nationalstolz kaum Einfluss hatte, im Unterschied zu verschiedenen politischen Krisen.
D-instanton superpotential in string theory
Authors: Kim Manki
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We study the non-perturbative superpotential generated by D(-1)-branes in type IIB compactifications on orientifolds of Calabi-Yau threefold hypersurfaces. To compute the D-instanton superpotential, we study F-theory compactification on toric complete intersection elliptic Calabi-Yau fourfolds. We take the Sen-limit, but with finite gs, in F-theory compactifications with the restriction that all D7-branes are carrying SO(8) gauge groups, which we call the global Sen-limit. In the global Sen-limit, the axio-dilaton is not varying in the compactification manifold. We compute the Picard-Fuchs equations of elliptic Calabi-Yau fourfolds in the global Sen-limit, and show that the Picard-Fuchs equations of the elliptic fourfolds split into that of the underlying Calabi-Yau threefolds and of the elliptic fiber. We then demonstrate that this splitting property of the Picard-Fuchs equation implies that the fourform period of the elliptic Calabi-Yau fourfolds in the global Sen-limit does not contain exponentially suppressed terms $$ \mathcal{O}\left({e}^{-\pi /{g}_s}\right) $$
O

e

−
π
/

g
s

. With this result, we finally show that in the global Sen-limit, the superpotential of the underlying type IIB compactification does not receive D(-1)-instanton contributions.
Emergent cosmology from matrix theory
Authors: Brahma Suddhasattwa , Brandenberger Robert , Laliberte Samuel
Published: March 2022

Abstract

Matrix theory is a proposed non-perturbative definition of superstring theory in which space is emergent. We begin a study of cosmology in the context of matrix theory. Specifically, we show that matrix theory can lead to an emergent non-singular cosmology which, at late times, can be described by an expanding phase of Standard Big Bang cosmology. The horizon problem of Standard Big Bang cosmology is automatically solved. We show that thermal fluctuations in the emergent phase source an approximately scale-invariant spectrum of cosmological perturbations and a scale-invariant spectrum of gravitational waves. Hence, it appears that matrix theory can lead to a successful scenario for the origin of perturbations responsible for the currently observed structure in the universe while providing a consistent UV-complete description.
Leptonic scalars and collider signatures in a UV-complete model
Authors: Dev P. S. Bhupal , Dutta Bhaskar , Ghosh Tathagata , Han Tao , Qin Han , Zhang Yongchao
Published: March 2022

Abstract

We study the non-standard interactions of neutrinos with light leptonic scalars (ϕ) in a global (B − L)-conserved ultraviolet (UV)-complete model. The model utilizes Type-II seesaw motivated neutrino interactions with an SU(2)L-triplet scalar, along with an additional singlet in the scalar sector. This UV-completion leads to an enriched spectrum and consequently new observable signatures. We examine the low-energy lepton flavor violation constraints, as well as the perturbativity and unitarity constraints on the model parameters. Then we lay out a search strategy for the unique signature of the model resulting from the leptonic scalars at the hadron colliders via the processes H±±→ W±W±ϕ and H±→ W±ϕ for both small and large leptonic Yukawa coupling cases. We find that via these associated production processes at the HL-LHC, the prospects of doubly-charged scalar H±± can reach up to 800 (500) GeV and 1.1 (0.8) TeV at the 2σ (5σ) significance for small and large Yukawa couplings, respectively. A future 100 TeV hadron collider will further increase the mass reaches up to 3.8 (2.6) TeV and 4 (2.7) TeV, at the 2σ (5σ) significance, respectively. We also demonstrate that the mass of ϕ can be determined at about 10% accuracy at the LHC for the large Yukawa coupling case even though it escapes as missing energy from the detectors.
Genotype imputation for soybean nested association mapping population to improve precision of QTL detection
Authors: Chen Linfeng , Yang Shouping , Araya Susan , Quigley Charles , Taliercio Earl , Mian Rouf , Specht James E. , Diers Brian W. , Song Qijian
Published: March 2022

Key message

Software for high imputation accuracy in soybean was identified. Imputed dataset could significantly reduce the interval of genomic regions controlling traits, thus greatly improve the efficiency of candidate gene identification.

Genotype imputation is a strategy to increase marker density of existing datasets without additional genotyping. We compared imputation performance of software BEAGLE 5.0, IMPUTE 5 and AlphaPlantImpute and tested software parameters that may help to improve imputation accuracy in soybean populations. Several factors including marker density, extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD), minor allele frequency (MAF), etc., were examined for their effects on imputation accuracy across different software. Our results showed that AlphaPlantImpute had a higher imputation accuracy than BEAGLE 5.0 or IMPUTE 5 tested in each soybean family, especially if the study progeny were genotyped with an extremely low number of markers. LD extent, MAF and reference panel size were positively correlated with imputation accuracy, a minimum number of 50 markers per chromosome and MAF of SNPs > 0.2 in soybean line were required to avoid a significant loss of imputation accuracy. Using the software, we imputed 5176 soybean lines in the soybean nested mapping population (NAM) with high-density markers of the 40 parents. The dataset containing 423,419 markers for 5176 lines and 40 parents was deposited at the Soybase. The imputed NAM dataset was further examined for the improvement of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling soybean seed protein content. Most of the QTL identified were at identical or at similar position based on initial and imputed datasets; however, QTL intervals were greatly narrowed. The resulting genotypic dataset of NAM population will facilitate QTL mapping of traits and downstream applications. The information will also help to improve genotyping imputation accuracy in self-pollinated crops.
Representations of Involutory Subalgebras of Affine Kac–Moody Algebras
Authors: Kleinschmidt Axel , Köhl Ralf , Lautenbacher Robin , Nicolai Hermann
Published: March 2022

We consider the subalgebras of split real, non-twisted affine Kac–Moody Lie algebras that are fixed by the Cartan–Chevalley involution. These infinite-dimensional Lie algebras are not of Kac–Moody type and admit finite-dimensional unfaithful representations. We exhibit a formulation of these algebras in terms of $${\mathbb {N}}$$
N
-graded Lie algebras that allows the construction of a large class of representations using the techniques of induced representations. We study how these representations relate to previously established spinor representations as they arise in the theory of supergravity and work out a detailed example in the case of the affine extension of $${\mathfrak {e}}_8$$

e
8

.
The Ruelle zeta function at zero for nearly hyperbolic 3-manifolds
Authors: Cekić Mihajlo , Delarue Benjamin , Dyatlov Semyon , Paternain Gabriel P.
Published: March 2022

We show that for a generic conformal metric perturbation of a compact hyperbolic 3-manifold $$\Sigma $$
Σ
with Betti number $$b_1$$

b
1

, the order of vanishing of the Ruelle zeta function at zero equals $$4-b_1$$

4
-

b
1

, while in the hyperbolic case it is equal to $$4-2b_1$$

4
-
2

b
1

. This is in contrast to the 2-dimensional case where the order of vanishing is a topological invariant. The proof uses the microlocal approach to dynamical zeta functions, giving a geometric description of generalized Pollicott–Ruelle resonant differential forms at 0 in the hyperbolic case and using first variation for the perturbation. To show that the first variation is generically nonzero we introduce a new identity relating pushforwards of products of resonant and coresonant 2-forms on the sphere bundle $$S\Sigma $$

S
Σ

with harmonic 1-forms on $$\Sigma $$
Σ
.
Short note: extracellular export and consumption of glucose in Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Kennedy Fraser , McMinn Andrew , Martin Andrew
Published: March 2022

Extracellular carbohydrate production is widespread in sea ice microbial communities, being produced by both algae and bacteria. Under stressful conditions, including nutrient limitation and high light, cells may export excess fixed carbon as glucose. Glucose microsensors were used to measure extracellular glucose exudation and consumption in a sea ice algal community. Glucose export increased with increasing irradiance between 15 and 512 µmol photons m−2 s−1. This export correlated with declining FvFm values and increasing NPQ values, implying that glucose export resulted from exposure to above optimal irradiances. Glucose concentrations in samples treated with DCMU to block photosynthesis, declined at all irradiances. Bacterial consumption of glucose was between 6 and 34% of extracellular export per hour. There have been very few measurements of DOC/glucose in sea ice and the data presented here make an important contribution to our understanding of sea ice microbial processes.
Intraoperative checking of the first ray rotation and sesamoid position through sonographic assistance
Authors: Tejero Sergio , González-Martín David , Martínez-Franco Alfonso , Jiménez-Diaz Fernando , Gijón-Nogueron Gabriel , Herrera-Pérez Mario
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Hallux valgus (HV) deformity affects the orientation of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint in three planes. Displacement in the coronal plane results in axial rotation of the first metatarsal, with progressive subluxation of the first MTP joint. Multiple techniques have been described to correct the malrotation itself. However, none of them have checked intraoperatively the final position of the first metatarsal head and sesamoids previous to the fixation of the Lapidus procedure or first metatarsal bone osteotomies. The aim of this article is to describe a novel technique to check the first ray rotation and sesamoids position through sonographic assistance.

Materials and methods

Before fixation of the Lapidus procedure, with the ankle in maximal dorsiflexion, the surgeon takes the linear ultrasound probe and places it on the sole to visualize the sesamoids, which should be viewed at the same level, with the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) centered between both. Once the ideal position of the head of the first ray has been achieved, temporary fixation with K-wires is performed over the first TMT joint and M1–M2 joint for further sonographic verification of the sesamoids beneath the first metatarsal head. The height of the sesamoids relative to the second metatarsal head should be checked by sonographic control too.

Results

Four patients were included. Three females and one male. Their mean age was 76.4 years (R 61–72). Their mean BMI was 29 (R 27.5–32.24). The mean IMA (intermetatarsal angle) was 18.2 (R 17.2–19) degrees and the mean MPA (metatarsophalangeal angle) was 50 (R 36–63) degrees.

Conclusions

Sonographic assistance, is a widely available, inexpensive, and comparative imaging technique that can guide the first ray rotation and sesamoids position in HV surgery, theoretically improving radiological outcomes.
Safety and effectiveness of Omnitrope® (somatropin) in PATRO Children: a multi-center, post-marketing surveillance study comparison of US and international cohort data
Authors: Backeljauw Philippe , Kanumakala Shankar , Loche Sandro , Schwab Karl Otfried , Miller Bradley S. , Levy Richard , McCormick Kenneth , Zouater Hichem , Zabransky Markus , Campbell Kim
Published: March 2022

There are known geographical differences in growth hormone deficiency (GHD) patient populations and treatment practices. Here, we present a comparison of safety and effectiveness data from patients treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in the USA versus other countries. PAtients TReated with Omnitrope® (PATRO) Children is an international, non-interventional study with Omnitrope® (somatropin, Sandoz Inc.). All visits and assessments are carried out according to routine clinical practice, and doses of Omnitrope® are given according to country-specific prescribing information. By September 2018, 294 patients had been enrolled in the USA (53% rhGH-naïve) and 6206 patients had been enrolled across 13 other countries (international group; 86% rhGH-naïve). The most common indication in both groups was GHD. Overall, 194 US patients (66%) and 2977 international patients (48%) experienced adverse events (AEs; 886 and 11,716 events, respectively), most of which were of mild or moderate intensity. The AEs were suspected to be treatment-related in five US patients (1.7%) and 452 international patients (7.3%). All reported neoplasms were benign, non-serious, and considered unrelated to rhGH therapy. No cases of diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia were reported. In rhGH-naïve GHD patients, after 3 years of rhGH therapy, the improvement in mean height SD score from baseline was + 1.25 and + 1.35 in US and international patients, respectively.

Conclusion: Omnitrope® treatment appears to be well tolerated and effective in US patients and those from other countries. Across the pediatric indications included, there was no evidence of an increased risk of developing uncommon or unexpected AEs with rhGH.

Trial registration: NA.

What is Known:• Continued monitoring of patients treated with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) is important, particularly in terms of diabetogenic potential and the risk of malignancies.• The PAtients TReated with Omnitrope® (PATRO) Children study is a long-term, post-marketing surveillance program for the rhGH Omnitrope®.

What is New:• Omnitrope® is well tolerated and effective in US patients, and those from other countries.• Across all indications included, there were no unexpected adverse events and there was no evidence of an increased risk of developing malignancies or diabetes.
Single-operator peroral pancreatoscopy in the preoperative diagnostics of suspected main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: efficacy and novel insights on complications
Authors: Vehviläinen Sini , Fagerström Niklas , Valente Roberto , Seppänen Hanna , Udd Marianne , Lindström Outi , Mustonen Harri , Swahn Fredrik , Arnelo Urban , Kylänpää Leena
Published: March 2022

Background

Distinguishing intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) from other pancreatic cystic lesions is essential since IPMNs carry the risk of becoming malignant. Differentiating the main pancreatic duct involving IPMNs (MD-IPMNs) through conventional imaging is deficient. Single-operator peroral pancreatoscopy (SOPP) represents a promising method offering additional information on suspected lesions in the pancreatic main duct (MD). We aimed to determine the role of SOPP in the preoperative diagnostics of suspected MD-IPMNs and identify factors contributing to SOPP-related complications.

Materials and Methods

In this primarily retrospective study, SOPPs were performed at three high-volume centers on suspected MD-IPMNs. Primary outcome was the clinical impact of SOPP to subsequent patient care. Additionally, we documented post-SOPP complications and analyzed several assumed patient- and procedure-related risk factors.

Results

One hundred and one (101) SOPPs were performed. Subsequent clinical management was affected due to the findings in 86 (85%) cases. Surgery was planned for 29 (29%) patients. A condition other than IPMN explaining MD dilatation was found in 28 (28%) cases. In 35 (35%) cases, follow-up with MRI was continued. Post-SOPP pancreatitis occurred in 20 (20%) patients and one of them was fatal. A decrease in odds of post-SOPP pancreatitis was seen as the MD diameter increases (OR 0.714 for 1.0 mm increase in MD diameter, CI 95% 0.514–0.993, p = 0.045). Furthermore, a correlation between lower MD diameter values and higher severity post-SOPP pancreatitis was seen (TJT = 599, SE = 116.6, z = − 2.31; p = 0.020). History of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was a confirmed risk factor for post-SOPP pancreatitis. Conclusions between complications and other risk factors could not be drawn.

Conclusion

SOPP aids clinical decision-making in suspected MD-IPMNs. Risk for post-SOPP pancreatitis is not negligible compared to non-invasive imaging methods. The risk for pancreatitis decreases as the diameter of the MD increases.
The current and possible future role of 3D modelling within oesophagogastric surgery: a scoping review
Authors: Robb Henry , Scrimgeour Gemma , Boshier Piers , Przedlacka Anna , Balyasnikova Svetlana , Brown Gina , Bello Fernando , Kontovounisios Christos
Published: March 2022

Background

3D reconstruction technology could revolutionise medicine. Within surgery, 3D reconstruction has a growing role in operative planning and procedures, surgical education and training as well as patient engagement. Whilst virtual and 3D printed models are already used in many surgical specialities, oesophagogastric surgery has been slow in their adoption. Therefore, the authors undertook a scoping review to clarify the current and future roles of 3D modelling in oesophagogastric surgery, highlighting gaps in the literature and implications for future research.

Methods

A scoping review protocol was developed using a comprehensive search strategy based on internationally accepted guidelines and tailored for key databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Elsevier Scopus and ISI Web of Science). This is available through the Open Science Framework (osf.io/ta789) and was published in a peer-reviewed journal. Included studies underwent screening and full text review before inclusion. A thematic analysis was performed using pre-determined overarching themes: (i) surgical training and education, (ii) patient education and engagement, and (iii) operative planning and surgical practice. Where applicable, subthemes were generated.

Results

A total of 56 papers were included. Most research was low-grade with 88% (n = 49) of publications at or below level III evidence. No randomised control trials or systematic reviews were found. Most literature (86%,n = 48) explored 3D reconstruction within operative planning. These were divided into subthemes of pre-operative (77%,n = 43) and intra-operative guidance (9%,n = 5). Few papers reported on surgical training and education (14%,n = 8), and were evenly subcategorised into virtual reality simulation (7%,n = 4) and anatomical teaching (7%,n = 4). No studies utilising 3D modelling for patient engagement and education were found.

Conclusion

The use of 3D reconstruction is in its infancy in oesophagogastric surgery. The quality of evidence is low and key themes, such as patient engagement and education, remain unexplored. Without high quality research evaluating the application and benefits of 3D modelling, oesophagogastric surgery may be left behind.
Forschungsdimension der European University on Responsible Consumption and Production – EURECA-PRO
Authors: Kircher Volkmar , Griebler Alexander , Feiel Susanne , Moser Peter
Published: March 2022

Globale Umweltveränderungen, die dem technischen Fortschritt, der wachsenden Bevölkerung, der wachsenden Wirtschaft und dem daraus resultierenden Verlangen nach immer mehr Ressourcen geschuldet sind, wirken auf die natürlichen Regelkreise die das Ökosystem Erde steuern ein. Die zukünftige Vermeidung der Überbeanspruchung der Umwelt stellt eine der größten Herausforderungen dar, die die Menschheit zu lösen hat. Durch die Unterzeichnung der Pariser Klimaziele sowie der Sustainable Development Goals wurden die Weichen zur Abkehr vom bisherigen Wirtschafts- und Produktionssystem gestellt. Als Beitrag zur Lösung dieser Problematik wurde die European University on REsponsible Consumption And PROduction (EURECA-PRO) unter der Schirmherrschaft der Europäischen Union und des Erasmus Programmes gegründet. Abgesehen von einer strategischen Agenda im Bereich der Lehre entwickelte EURECA-PRO auch eine ambitionierte Forschungsagenda mit derzeit fünf Leuchtturm Forschungsrichtungen, die scherpunktmäßig Lösungen für das Bewältigen von negativen globalen Umweltveränderungen entwickeln sollen. EURECA-PRO nutzt die Synergien der Vernetzung von sieben Universitäten und einer Reihe assoziierter Partner aus verschiedenen Stakeholder Gruppen.
Assessment of cognitive function in long-term Hodgkin lymphoma survivors, results based on data from a major treatment center in Hungary
Authors: Magyari Ferenc , Virga István , Simon Zsófia , Miltényi Zsófia , Illés Anna , Kósa Karolina , Ivánka Tibor , Berecz Roland , Égerházi Anikó , Illés Árpád
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Nowadays, more than 80% of newly diagnosed classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients can be cured and become long-term survivors due to risk and response-adapted treatment strategies. A well-known side effect is cognitive dysfunction that appears in HL patients after chemotherapy. In the present study, we aimed to measure cognitive dysfunction in our HL patients in this study and to find potential correlations between patient-related factors, the signs and symptoms of their diseases, or therapeutic factors.

Methods

We carried out a computer-assisted assessment (CANTAB) of cognitive dysfunction in 118 patients. We examined the domains of visual memory, attention, working memory, and planning.

Results

The median age of 64 females and 54 males at diagnosis was 29 (13–74) and 41 (21–81) years at the completion of CANTAB. Fifty-two percent of all patients showed cognitive impairment. Attention was impaired in 35% of patients, the working memory and planning were impaired in 25%, while visual memory was affected in 22%. All the three functions showed a significant association with inactive employments status. A close correlation was found between visual memory/working memory and planning, higher age at HL diagnosis or the completion of CANTAB test, and disability pensioner status.

Discussion

Our investigation suggests that patients with inactive employment status and older age require enhanced attention. Their cognitive function and quality of life can be improved if they return to work or, if it is not possible, they receive a cognitive training.
Economic assessment of converting a pressurised water distribution network into an off-grid system supplied with solar photovoltaic energy
Authors: Chabour Houssem Eddine , Pardo Miguel Angel , Riquelme Adrian
Published: March 2022

Converting a water pressurised distribution network into an off-grid pumping station supplied by solar photovoltaics represents a challenge for utility managers, user demand assessments evaluate the energy generated in a solar-powered systems to establish energy consumption. This work includes quantifying potential investments and economic savings that could be achieved, as well as the payback period which results as an indicator of the suitability of adapting to a power supply utilising solar panels. A tool (UAsolar) to aid practitioners has been developed, it requires a calibrated hydraulic model to account for the energy requirements in the water delivery process of pressurised networks. The authors encourage students, professionals, and decision-makers to use this tool to identify potential efficiency gains (e.g., delivery schedule, reduction of water use) and to synchronise energy production and consumption. Users can get results with low computational time using the software on six pressurised distribution networks. Practitioners should note that the irrigation networks have sized installations with a few photovoltaic modules, while in urban pressurised networks the results show larger installations are required. In addition, irrigation network managers can match energy demand with energy production by changing consumption over time, this could reduce the quantity of modules required and remove the need for energy storage. The payback period ranges from 6.08 to 13 years for the cases where the investment is recovered—(values that show that this investment yields a high return as the lifetime of the PV modules is 25 years). However, one municipality among those studied shows that in some scenarios it is not viable to convert networks into a standalone system.

Graphical abstract