bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comment on Everett et al. (2020): No evidence for the effectiveness of moral messages on public health behavioural intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Anvari Farid
Published: March 2020

A preprint was recently published called, “The effectiveness of moral mes-sages on public health behavioral intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic” (Everett et al., 2020). The preprint presents a study purportedly showing that COVID-19 public health messages framed as deontological had a modest effect effect for increasing people's behavioural intentions for sharing the message on social media. In my review of the preprint, I find that if there were corrections for multiple comparisons then the results testing the preregistered hypotheses would become statistically nonsignificant. I discuss these and other issues in detail.
Quantifying, and correcting for, the impact of questionable research practices on false discovery rates in psychological science
Authors: Kravitz Dwight , Mitroff Stephen
Published: March 2020

Large-scale replication failures have shaken confidence in the social sciences, psychology in particular. Most researchers acknowledge the problem, yet there is widespread debate about the causes and solutions. Using “big data,” the current project demonstrates that unintended consequences of three common questionable research practices (retaining pilot data, adding data after checking for significance, and not publishing null findings) can explain the lion’s share of the replication failures. A massive dataset was randomized to create a true null effect between two conditions, and then these three practices were applied. They produced false discovery rates far greater than 5% (the generally accepted rate), and were strong enough to obscure, or even reverse, the direction of real effects. These demonstrations suggest that much of the replication crisis might be explained by simple, misguided experimental choices. This approach also produces empirically-based corrections to account for these practices when they are unavoidable, providing a viable path forward.
Transitions from avoidance: Reinforcing competing behaviors reduces generalized avoidance in new contexts
Authors: Bennett Marc Patrick , Roche Bryan , Dymond Simon , Baeyens Frank , Vervliet Bram , Hermans Dirk
Published: March 2020

Generalized avoidance behaviors are a common diagnostic feature of anxiety-related disorders and a barrier to affecting changes in anxiety during therapy. However, strategies to mitigate generalized avoidance are under-investigated. Even less attention is given to reducing the category-based generalization of avoidance. We therefore investigated the potential of an operant-based approach. Specifically, it was examined if reinforcing competing (non-avoidance) behaviors to threat-predictive cues would interfere with expression of generalized avoidance. Using a matching-to-sample task, artificial stimulus categories were established using physically dissimilar nonsense shapes. A member of one category (conditioned stimulus; CS1) was then associated with an aversive outcome in an Acquisition context, unless an avoidance response was made. Next, competing behaviors were reinforced in response to the CS1 in new contexts. Lastly, we tested for the generalization of avoidance to another member of the stimulus category (generalization stimulus; GS1) in both a Novel context and the Acquisition context. The selective generalization of avoidance to GS1 was observed, but only in the Acquisition context. In the Novel context, the generalization of avoidance to GSs was significantly reduced. A comparison group (Experiment 2), which did not learn any competing behaviors, avoided GS1 in both contexts. These findings suggest that reinforcing competing behavioral responses to threat-predictive cues can lead to reductions in generalized avoidance. This study is among the first study to demonstrate sustained reductions in generalized avoidance resulting from operant-based protocols, and the clinical and research implications are discussed.
What Role Does Collaboration have in Responding to COVID-19?
Authors: adams jimi , Light Ryan
Published: March 2020

This paper provides some estimates of early scientific mobilization regarding COVIDー19, as represented in PubMed, through Mar 18. We find that things look similarly coordinated--as you would hope and might expect in an emerging crisis--to our previous analysis of early HIV research.
Does Three-Dimensional Printed Patient-Specific Templates Add Benefit in Revision Surgeries for Complex Pediatric Kyphoscoliosis Deformity with Sublaminar Wires in Situ? A Clinical Study
Authors: Shah Kunal , Gadiya Akshay , Shah Munjal , Vyas Devarsh , Patel Priyank , Bhojraj Shekhar , Nene Abhay
Published: March 2020

Study Design: Case-control study.Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printed patient-specific templates (PSTs) for placement of pedicle screws (PAs) in patients undergoing revision surgeries for complex kyphoscoliosis deformity with sublaminar wires in situ.Overview of Literature: Revision kyphoscoliosis correction surgery in pediatric patients is a challenging task for the treating surgeon. In patients with sublaminar wires in situ, the native anatomical landmarks are obscured, thus making the freehand screw placement technique a highly specialized task. Hence, the concept of using PSTs for insertion of PAs in such surgeries is always intriguing and attractive.Methods: Five consecutive patients undergoing revision deformity correction with sublaminar wires in situ were included in this study. Patients were divided in two groups based on the technique of PA insertion. A total of 91 PAs were inserted using either a freehand technique (group A) or 3D printed templates (group B) (34 vs. 57). The placement of PAs was classified according to a postoperative computed tomography scan using Neo’s classification. Perforation beyond class 2 (>2 mm) was termed as a misplaced screw. The average time required for the insertion of screws was also noted.Results: Mean age, surgical time, and blood loss were recorded. The change in mean Cobb’s angle in both groups was also recorded. The difference in rates of misplaced screws was noted in group A and group B (36.21% vs. 2.56%); however, the mean number of misplaced PAs per patient in group A and group B was statistically insignificant (6.5±3.54 vs. 4.67±1.53, p =0.4641). The mean time required to insert a single PA was also statistically insignificant (120±28.28 vs. 90±30 seconds, p =0.3456).Conclusions: Although 3D printed PSTs help to avoid the misplacement of PAs in revision deformity correction surgeries with sublaminar wires in situ, the mean number of misplaced screws per patient using this technique was found to be statistically insignificant when compared with the freehand technique in this study.
The Effect of Head Loading on Cervical Spine in Manual Laborers
Authors: Dave Bharat R. , Krishnan Ajay , Rai Ravi Ranjan , Degulmadi Devanand , Mayi Shivanand
Published: March 2020

Study Design: A prospective case–control study.Purpose: To determine the effect of axial loading on the cervical spine when weights are carried on the head.Overview of Literature: Traditionally, carrying weights on the head has been a common practice in developing countries. The laborers working in agriculture, construction, and other industries, as well as porters at railway platforms, are required to lift heavy weights. Since controversy exists regarding carrying weights on the head, we decided to evaluate its effect on the cervical spine.Methods: The study comprised 62 subjects. Of this number, 32 subjects (group A) were unskilled laborers from the construction industry; the other 30 subjects (group B) were in the control group and had never previously carried heavy weights on their heads. Cervical spine radiographs were taken for all the 62 subjects. Subjects in group A were asked to carry a load (approximately 35 kg) on their heads and walk for about 65 m, with their cervical spine radiographs taken afterward.Results: The mean ages of patients in groups A and B were 27.17 and 25.75 years, respectively. The mean cervical lordosis observed in group A (18.96°) was dramatically less compared with group B (25.40°), showing a further decrease in head loading (3.35°). Five subjects had a reversal of lordosis (−5.61°). A statistically significant reduction in disc height and listhesis was observed when the load was carried on the head with a further decrease after walking with the load. Accelerated degenerative changes, particularly affecting the upper cervical spine, were observed in head loaders.Conclusions: Carrying a load on the head leads to accelerated degenerative changes, which involve the upper cervical spine more than the lower cervical spine and predisposes it to injury at a lower threshold. Thus, alternative methods of carrying loads should be proposed.
Standardized Uptake Value from Semiquantitative Bone Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography in Normal Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebrae of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Rohani Mohd Fazrin Mohd , Yonan Siti Nurshahirah Mohd , Tagiling Nashrulhaq , Zainon Wan Mohd Nazlee Wan , Udin Yusri , Nawi Norazlina Mat
Published: March 2020

Study DesignRetrospective study.PurposeThis study aims to semiquantitatively evaluate the standardized uptake value (SUV) of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) radionuclide tracer in the normal vertebrae of breast cancer patients using an integrated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) scanner.Overview of LiteratureMolecular imaging techniques using gamma cameras and stand-alone SPECT have traditionally been utilized to evaluate metastatic bone diseases. However, these methods lack quantitative analysis capabilities, impeding accurate uptake characterization.MethodsA total of 30 randomly selected female breast cancer patients were enrolled in this study. The SUV mean (SUVmean) and SUV maximum (SUVmax) values for 286 normal vertebrae at the thoracic and lumbar levels were calculated based on the patients’ body weight (BW), body surface area (BSA), and lean body mass (LBM). Additionally, 106 degenerative joint disease (DJD) lesions of the spine were also characterized, and both their BW SUVmean and SUVmax values were obtained. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was then performed to determine the cutoff value of SUV for differentiating DJD from normal vertebrae.ResultsThe mean±standard deviations for the SUVmean and SUVmax in the normal vertebrae displayed a relatively wide variability: 3.92±0.27 and 6.51±0.72 for BW, 1.05±0.07 and 1.75±0.17 for BSA, and 2.70±0.19 and 4.50±0.44 for LBM, respectively. Generally, the SUVmean had a lower coefficient of variation than the SUVmax. For DJD, the mean±standard deviation for the BW SUVmean and SUVmax was 5.26±3.24 and 7.50±4.34, respectively. Based on the ROC curve, no optimal cutoff value was found to differentiate DJD from normal vertebrae.ConclusionsIn this study, the SUV of 99mTc-MDP was successfully determined using SPECT/CT. This research provides an approach that could potentially aid in the clinical quantification of radionuclide uptake in normal vertebrae for the management of breast cancer patients.
EFFECT OF THE GROWTH STIMULATOR EKOPIN ON SAWING QUALITIES OF SEEDS AND
BIOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF MANCHURIAN FIR (ABIES HOLOPHYLLA MAXIM.) SPROUTS
Authors: Ostroshenko V.Yu. , Ostroshenko L.Yu.
Published: March 2020

The results on the effect of the growth stimulator Ekopin of different concentrations on germinative energy, laboratory germination and biometric parameters of Manchurian fir (Abies holophylla Maxim.) sprouts are presented.
Ekopin had the most stimulating effect on germinative energy - in all solution concentrations, on the laboratory germination with concentrations 1·2·10-3-1·7·10-3 ml/l. All studied solution concentrations of the preparation had positive effect on the growth of biometric parameters of sprouts along the length and the concentrations 1∙2∙10-3-1∙5∙10-3 ml/l - along the mass.
Study of introduced plum varieties in the South Urals
Authors: Slepneva T. N.
Published: March 2020

In the conditions of the South Urals, an economic and biological assessment of 9 plum varieties introduced from the Altai Mountains (the village of Chemal) was carried out in order to assess and identify the best ones for breeding and practical use. According to the research results, accessions with a complex of economically valuable traits were identified. Accessions G 7-126 (26.1 kg per tree) and G 9-150 (23.2 kg per tree) were the most productive in the years of research. Freezing of generative buds in the winter of 2017/2018 was observed in the accessions G 9-150, G 7-126 and amounted to 0.5 points (not more than 10 % of the buds), in the remaining variety specimens from 2.5 to 3.0 points ( buds death was 25-50 %), which led to yield reduction. Late fruit ripening period (second decade of September) was noted for the accessions G 7-126 and G 9-150, the remaining the accessions (77.8 %) have a medium late ripening period. The accession G 9-150 was distinguished for good winter hardiness, weakness, productivity, late ripening, quality and taste of fruits. Three accessions are recommended for breeding — G 12-132, G 12-150 (winter hardiness, weakness, fruit quality), G 7-126 (accession with anthocyanin color of the pulp of the fruit).
Peculiarities of apple fruiting on the lower terrace of the Krutovsky Botanical Garden
Authors: Repyakh M. V.
Published: March 2020

The paper provides an assessment of the frequency of apple fruiting of different maturation periods growing on the lower terrace of the Vs. M. Krutovsky Botanical garden in the period from 2015 to 2018 according to the following parameters: the number of fruit-bearing trees, the number of fruits on the tree, yield. In the conditions of the Botanical garden, located in the green zone of Krasnoyarsk, the timing of the onset of removable fruit maturity varies significantly. The variability of the fruit formation period depends on the weather conditions in the summer and primarily on the temperature regime. The optimal time for collecting varieties of the summer ripening period is August, and for winter varieties is September, since by this time the fruits of these groups acquire a characteristic color and size. It was found that during the research period, most of the trees of the presented varieties fruited annually. Varieties and individual specimens with an annual plentiful fruiting and maximum fruit weight of fruits are selected: Bismark, Belyy Naliv, General Orlov, Grushovka moskovskaya, Zolotoy Ship, Papirovka, which is a positive factor in a sharply continental climate. It was found that in Siberia, varieties adapted to the European zone have successfully adapted and can be grown in these and similar climatic conditions and can be recommended for further breeding.
Peculiarities of the phytosanitary state of pome fruits in industrial horticulture
Authors: Antonenko V. V. , Zubkov A. V. , Kruchina S. N.
Published: March 2020

Data were obtained on the basis of the results of research carried out on the territory of the educational and experimental farm of the Timiryazev State Agrarian University, in Moscow during 2018-2019. As a result of the surveys, the most dangerous diseases and pests of pome crops on the territory of this farm were established. The most resistant apple and pear varieties to major diseases have been identified. Peculiarities of development of alternariosis on pear are described, the harmfulness of the disease on pear and apple seedlings is noted. A possible role in the transfer of alternariosis infection from garden-protective plantations and weed vegetation to fruit trees was noted. A possible role has been established in the transport of septoriosis, powdery dew infection from dicotyledonous weeds plants. The peculiarities of the spread of infection under the influence of wind direction are noted. The results and peculiarities of the application of various methods of scaring birds in the orchard are presented. As a result of route surveys the most harmful weed plants have been identified. The possibility of using herbicides of different mechanism of action in fruit gardens for weed control has been studied. High efficiency and relative safety of application of herbicides of contact action in nursery fields, operational orchards and for control of piglets on fruit trees are shown. Recommendations are given for the use of soil and systemic herbicides of soil in seedlings beds, the first and second fields of the nursery, as well as in the process of production of large-scale planting material and operational orchards of fruit crops. The safety of the herbicides in question is established when used in accordance with the recommended methods of use.
Peculiarities of studying the gene pool and breeding of triticale in the Central region of the non-chernozem zone
Authors: Medvedev A. M. , Nardid A. V. , Kuzmich M. A. , Kuzmich L. S.
Published: March 2020

The article considers the results of experiments on the study and selection of sources of valuable features from the world collection. The aim of the research is to create new varieties of winter triticale with high features of productivity (over 12 t/ha) and grain quality in comparison with the Victor and Hermes standards. Special attention in the experiments is paid to the search for genotypes that are promising for use in breeding programs for different types of crossing, obtaining hybrid populations, identifying forms, lines with a complex of economically useful features. Breeders of Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” for a number of years received varieties of winter triticale, competitive in Russia and abroad, able to form a crop of more than 10 t\ha of quality grain. However, their disadvantages are tallness, susceptibility to dangerous diseases (snow mold, septoriosis), and significant variability in grain harvest over the years (2.9). The authors have identified sources of economic and valuable features from the collection of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. This includes the winter-hardy variety Tsekad 90, drought-resistant Doctrina 110, short-stemmed Legion, Kentavr, yielding large-grain Efremovskaya, etc., successfully used in breeding. Highly productive lines have been created (No.6 408-19-71, No.618-176, No.878-1-25, No.690-1-19) and varieties (Gera, Kapella, Arktur) with a fixed grain harvest of more than 10t\ ha, adaptive to the natural conditions of the non-Chernozem zone and the middle Volga region.
Discussion and debate as a method of professional training оf students of a pedagogical university
Authors: Barkova Natalia N. , Karpenko Alla V.
Published: March 2020

The article reveals the advantages and problems of using the methods of discussion and debate in teaching students of the pedagogical University on the example of prepared and conducted intellectual meetings between the students of Faculty of Geography and Faculty of Biology and Chemistry of Moscow Pedagogical State University; it also illustrates the emerging competencies and opportunities to the implementation of interdisciplinary connections and emphasizes the idea of personal self-realization of students.
Motivation in a Montessori school as an important component of independence
Authors: Prokofyeva Elena N.
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the motivation in the Montessori Elementary School. This topic was previously discussed by A. Murray, F. Koh, S. Kendall and others. There have not been any related studies in Russia yet. The USA researchers consider motivation in Montessori Elementary through the lens of self-determination theory. A part of selfdetermination theory is called the Organismic integration theory. The Montessori Elementary School allows children not only to develop their intrinsic motivation but also self-motivate to study less favorite subjects. Maria Montessori’s approach to the Elementary school is called Cosmic Education. Cosmic Education is a holistic development of a child. The child is free to follow his/her interests, the teacher always shows the relation between subjects and helps the child to find his/her cosmic task. This article considers the stages of the Organismic integration theory and their relation to the Montessori Elementary procedure. The last stage of the Orgainsmic integration theory is integrated regulation which means that a person is able to enjoy doing something that initially didn’t evoke their intrinsic motivation. Integrated regulation occurs when people realize the value of the particular actions for themselves and for others. The theoretical analysis leads to the following conclusion: Cosmic Education not only develops intrinsic motivation but also assists development of the integrated regulation. This article is theoretical and proposes a hypothesis to be tested.
Blurring the Boundaries of Policy and Legislation in the Schooling of Indigenous Children in British Columbia, 1901-1951
Authors: Raptis Helen
Published: March 2020

AbstractHistorical accounts of Indigenous education maintain that until the early 1950s settler and Indigenous children were educated in separate facilities regulated under separate legislation and overseen by separate authorities. This study illustrates that in British Columbia between 1901 and 1951, the dual system of schooling seemingly embodied in government policy was not implemented by federal or provincial authorities as strictly as historians have assumed. This article illuminates the ways that officials from both systems sometimes blurred the boundaries of policies and legislation that officially circumscribed students’ lives in order to enhance youngsters’ access to education.RésuméDes récits de l’histoire de l’éducation autochtone soutiennent que jusqu’au début des années 1950, les enfants des colons et ceux des autochtones ont été instruits dans des institutions séparées, sous des règlements et des autorités différentes. Cette étude démontre qu’entre 1901 et 1951, en Colombie-Britannique, cette dualité du système d’éducation prônée par la législation n’a pas été appliquée aussi strictement par les autorités fédérales ou provinciales que les historiens le laissent entendre. Notre étude met en lumière les façons dont certains officiels dans les deux systèmes faisaient fi des politiques et des lois encadrant officiellement la vie des élèves afin de favoriser leur accès à l’éducation.
Classrooms for Consumer Society: Practical Education and Secondary School Reform in Post-Second World War Canada
Authors: Rollwagen Katharine
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACTYoung people’s intersecting roles as students, workers, and shoppers have received little attention from historians, who have focused on young people as either students or workers. This paper begins to examine these roles by analyzing the efforts of the Canadian Education Association to define and promote practical education in the late 1940s. The Canadian Research Committee on Practical Education solicited industry and business perspectives and surveyed students that were leaving school before graduation. The committee’s work and the discussion it generated reveal a desire to make secondary schools more profitable and palatable for Canadian teenagers. Educators and industry leaders wanted the post-war high school to serve all young Canadians by catering to their interests, keeping them in school, and preparing them to be both workers and consumers upon graduation.RÉSUMÉLes jeunes comme groupe peuvent se définir selon trois caractéristiques : élèves, travailleurs et consommateurs. Cette façon de concevoir la jeunesse n’a reçu que peu d’attention de la part des historiens. Ces derniers ont étudié les jeunes soit comme élèves ou soit comme travailleurs. Cet article s’intéresse à ces trois caractéristiques en s’intéressant aux actions entreprises par l’Association canadienne d’éducation. L’auteure analyse les efforts de cette dernière pour définir et promouvoir les arts et métiers en éducation à la fin des années 1940. Le Comité de recherche canadien sur l’éducation pratique a sollicité l’aide des industries et des maisons d’affaires pour recenser les élèves qui quittaient l’école avant la fin de leurs études. Le travail du comité et les discussions qui s’ensuivirent ont révélé le besoin de rendre les écoles secondaires plus utiles et plus attirantes pour les adolescents canadiens. Les éducateurs et les chefs d’entreprises souhaitaient que l’école secondaire d’après-guerre soit utile aux jeunes Canadiens ; ils désiraient susciter leurs intérêts, les garder à l’école et les préparer à devenir des travailleurs et des consommateurs une fois leurs études terminées.
Uso de Prebióticos, Probióticos e Simbióticos nos Pré e Pós-Operatórios do Câncer Colorretal: uma Revisão
Authors: Fernandes Machado Fernanda , Kuhmmer Lazzaretti Rosmeri , Kirjner Poziomyck Aline
Published: March 2020

Introdução: No Brasil, o câncer colorretal e a segunda causa de morte mais comum entre mulheres e a terceira mais prevalente em homens. Objetivo: Revisar o uso de prebióticos, probióticos e simbióticos e suas implicações nas fases de pre e pós-operatórios no paciente com cancer colorretal. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos publicados entre 2008 e 2013, com busca nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO , de fevereiro a maio de 2014, com os descritores: "prebióticos", "probióticos", "câncer colorretal" e "cuidado pré-operatório". Resultados: Foram encontrados sete artigos dentro dos critérios de inclusão da pesquisa. As variedades de lactobacilos ilustradas nos estudos mantiveram diferenças, no tipo, concentração e modelo de intervenção abordados. Contudo, constatou-se que o uso intervencional de probióticos, isolados ou em associação com fibras prebióticas, foi benéfico nos pacientes que fizeram seu uso, tanto nos períodos pré-operatórios como pós-cirúrgicos. Os principais achados foram: melhoria da qualidade de vida, de exames laboratoriais e no padrão de defesa imunológica. Em contrapartida, houve menor translocação bacteriana e diminuição de bactérias enteropatogênicas, frente a utilização de simbióticos em substituição aos mecanismos convencionais de preparação cirúrgica. Conclusão: Destaca-se a necessidade de mais estudos prospectivos capazes de fornecer dados mais completos e bem delineados, com cepas e quantidades específicas, a fim de proporcionar resultados mais conclusivos sobre os reais benefícios desse tipo de suplementação em pacientes oncológicos.
PERBEDAAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN USIA LANJUT SEBELUM DAN SETELAH OPERASI KATARAK
Authors: Lisnawati Adelia
Published: March 2020

Cataract is a condition when the lens become cloudy and often occurs in elderly patients. Cataract is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in the world. Cataract can reduce productivity and social life, that will decrease the quality of life in elderly patients. It also reduces the visual acuity leading to decreasing visual function and the quality of life. This disease can change physical, cognitive and psychosocial life. This study aimed to analyze the difference of quality of life in elderly patients before and after cataract surgery at SMEC eye clinic in Samarinda. This study was observational analytic study. Data were taken from interview the patients with visual function questionnaire 14 (VFQ 14) and from the medical record of SMEC eye clinic in Samarinda. The results showed a significant difference of quality of life in elderly patients before and after cataract surgery (p = 0,000) with the mean score of quality of life before surgery (x̅= 63,65) was lower than after cataract surgery (x̅= 95,35) and there was significant improvement of the visual acuity after cataract surgery (p = 0,000). Based on these results it can be concluded that there were difference of quality of life in elderly patients before and after cataract surgery.
ANALISIS KECELAKAAN KERJA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE HFACS PADA PT. X
Authors: Ratriwardhani Ratna Ayu
Published: March 2020

PT. X merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang fabrikasi dan manufaktur penghasil boiler yang terletak di Surabaya Jawa Timur. Sesuai dengan data laporan kecelakaan yang didokumentasikan oleh Environment Health Safety Officer (EHS) PT. X selama tahun 2015-2019 terdapat 50 kasus kecelakaan. Dari beberapa kasus yang telah terdokumentasi oleh EHS tersebut, terdapat beragam penyebab, ada beberapa kasus kecelakaan yang terjadi berulang kali dengan penyebab yang hampir sama. Bahkan telah dilakukan investigasi setelah terjadinya kecelakaan namun kecelakaan masih saja berulang. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat faktor lain yang tidak teridentifikasi atau adanya rekomendasi yang tidak efektif dari analisa yang telah dilakukan. Metode Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) adalah suatu alat analisa kecelakaan yang digunakan untuk  menganalisa  suatu  kecelakaan  pada  aspek  Human  Factor.  Metode  ini dikembangkan oleh Wiegmann dan Shappell pada tahun 2003. Metode ini didasarkan oleh model Swiss Cheese. Hasil analisis kecelakaan menggunakan metode HFACS, telah dibuktikan bahwa kecelakaan yang terjadi dikarenakan adanya kegagalan pada tindakan tidak aman yaitu kesalahan yang terjadi karena skill, kesalahan pengambilan keputusan, salah persepsi, pelanggaran yang dilakukan secara rutin, pelanggaran luar biasa. Berikutnya, kegagalan pada pre kondisi untuk tindakan tidak aman yaitu lingkungan fisik, lingkungan kerja (teknologi), crew resource management, mental yang merugikan perusahaan, fisik yang merugikan perusahaan. Selanjutnya, pada tahapan pengawasan yang membahayakan yaitu pengawasan yang tidak memadai, pengawasan yang gagal untuk mengetahui masalah, pelanggaran pengawasan. Tahapan yang terakhir adalah organisasi yaitu sumber daya manajemen, dan proses dalam organisasi. Hasil uji koefisien kontingensi terdapat asosiasi pada tahapan sumber daya manajemen dan pelanggaran pengawasan. Hasil uji kontingensi menunjukkan bahwa pada kasus ini hampir semua kegagalan mempengaruhi kegagalan di tingkat lain. Dengan demikian maka sebaiknya tidak hanya manajemen yang dikontrol, melainkan semua elemen yang berpengaruh harus tetap dikontrol sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan yang disebabkan oleh human error.
KECACINGAN DAN STATUS GIZI PADA BALITA, DI KABUPATEN ENDE NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR TAHUN 2018
Authors: Sudirman Agus
Published: March 2020

Latar Belakang: Penurunan prevalensi balita pendek (stunting) dan pengendalian penyakit menular merupakan salah satu fokus pemerintah dalam pembangunan kesehatan periode tahun 2015-2019. Status gizi balita pendek (sangat pendek dan pendek) di Indonesia pada tahun 2013 sebesar 37,2%, menunjukkan penurunan yang tidak signifikan jika dibandingkan dengan persentase tahun 2010 sebesar 35,6% dan tahun 2007 sebesar 36,8%. Tujuan:. untuk mengetahui gambaran kecacingan dan status gizi pada balita di Kabupaten Ende Nusa Tenggara Timur tahun 2018  Metode: Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita yang tinggal di Kabupaten Ende Nusa Tenggara Timur. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 258 balita. Penelitian ini berupa penelitian observasional dengan design penelitian croes sectional. Hasil: Jumlah balita yang kecacingan adalah 19 balita atau 7,36% dari 258 balita. Sebanyak 19 balita yang mengalami kecacingan, 1 balita (0,38%) status gizi sangat kurus dan 4 balita (1,55%) status gizi kurus. Jumlah balita  yang mengalami stunting 8 balita (3.10 %). Kesimpulan: Balita dengan kecacingan didominasi balita perempuan, yang berusia 1-2 tahun dengan status gizi normal dan tidak mengalami stunting.
HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN MEROKOK DAN BEBAN KERJA FISIK DENGAN HIPERTENSI PADA PEKERJA LAKI-LAKI DI AREA PRODUKSI PT PUTRA BUNGSU TEGAL
Authors: Ismayatun Siti Dewi
Published: March 2020

Hipertensi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah kebiasaan hidup. Merokok telah menjadi kebiasaan bagi sebagian besar masyarkat khususnya laki-laki di Indonesia. Rokok mengandung lebih dari 600 macam senyawan beracun yang berbahaya bagi tubuh. Tiga zat utama yang ada dalam rokok yaitu tar, nikotin dan CO. Ketiga zat toksik tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 38 pekerja di area produksi PT Putra Bungsu Tegal yang dipilih dari populasi dengan teknik simple random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara beban kerja fisik dengan hipertensi (p = 0,019), namun tidak dengan kebiasaan merokok (p = 0,653). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada hubungan antara beban kerja fisik dengan hipertensi. Perusahaan sebaiknya melakukan rotasi kerja pada pekerja yang memiliki beban kerja berat dan meninjau beban kerja yang diberikan apakah sesuai dengan kemampuan pekerja.
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR INTERNAL DENGAN KELELAHAN SUBJEKTIF PEKERJA
Authors: Mustofani Mustofani
Published: March 2020

Kelelahan kerja dapat diartikan sebagai keadaan lelah mental atau fisik yang terjadi akibat aktivitas yang berkeanjangan yang dapat mengurangi kemampuan seseorang untuk melakukan pekerjaan dengan aman dan efektif. Prevalensi terjadinya kelelahan kerja yang telah dilaporkan bervariasi dari 10% hingga 40%. Kelelahan kerja merupakan permasalahan yang perlu segera diatasi karena dapat berpengaruh pada timbulnya kecelakaan kerja, dapat menurunkan angka produktifitas dan berdampak negatif pada kesehatan pekerja. Kelelahan kerja data dipengaruhi factor internal (termasuk usia dan status gizi) dan factor eksternal pekerja. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini mencapai 30 pekerja. Variable independen dalam penelitian ini adalah usia dan status gizi. Sedangkan variable dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah kelelahan subjektif. Variabel usia dan kelelahan subjektif diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan variabel status gizi diukur dengan menggunakan Indeks Masa Tubuh (IMT). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia dan status gizi dengan kelelahan subjektif yang dialami pekerja. Setelah dilakukan analisis data dan dilakukan uji statistik dengan uji korelasi Spearman didapatkan nilai p-value antara variable usia dan kelelahan subjektif adalah 0,332 dan antara variable status gizi dengan kelelahan subjektif adalah 0,716. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah tidak ada hubungan antara usia dan status gizi dengan kelelahan subjektif pekerja.
Zamierzenia prokreacyjne a możliwość ich realizacji w kontekście czynników biologicznych
Authors: Tymicki Krzysztof
Published: March 2020

The article presents both theoretical and empirical aspects of studies on fertility intentions in the context of factors shaping fecundity. In most contemporary societies couples declare their preference for two children. These declarations stand in opposition to registered total fertility rates, both period and cohort rates, which rarely reach value of 2 in Europe. The gap between fertility intentions and their realization might be partially explained by the impact of reproductive ageing (biological factors) which may play an increasingly significant role due to postponement of childbearing. A natural pattern of a decrease in fecundity over age might influence on reproductive outcome of women who postpone to conceive a child, and consequently results in an increased risk of involuntary childlessness or lower parity progression ratios. The data coming from the Generations and Gender Survey in Poland (GGS-PL) makes it possible to check the main hypothesis about an age-specific decrease in fecundity, which is manifested by a prolonged waiting time to pregnancy. The data were collected via the retrospective questions included into the GGS-PL questionnaire. Results show that there is a significant increase in waiting time to pregnancy among women older than 34 years. This finding supports theoretical predictions concerning the age-related decrease in fecundity. Its relevance is discussed by referring to explanations of the gap between fertility intentions and completed fertility in terms of voluntary and involuntary childlessness, as well as biological factors related to reproductive ageing.
Zarządzanie wiekiem a polityka wspierania starszych pracowników. Doświadczenia polskie na tle innych krajów
Authors: Kołodziejczyk-Olczak Izabela
Published: March 2020

Population ageing is one of the most important demographic trends in modern societies. The process has broad implications in both macro- and micro-scale. In the article we focus on ageing-related challenges for enterprises. This area is very important for contemporary and future economies. Customers, employees and stakeholders of companies are getting older. In this changing environment new challenges appear including problems in hiring employees with relevant competencies, loosing organizational knowledge, employee succession, or mismatch between offered goods and market needs of changing costumers. Therefore, it becomes necessary to implement Age Management (AM) in organizations. The activities of employers in this area have to be supported by economic and legal instruments, and actions towards an increase of awareness and sensitivity to age-related issues.
Kulturowe role płci i dzietność w Polsce i Norwegii
Authors: Kocot-Górecka Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

Changing gender roles are increasingly considered as a driving factor of both fertility decline in European countries and its recovery in some of these countries. The fertility decline is attributed to the first stage of the gender revolution when increasing women’s labour force participation is accompanied by some progress in gender equality in the public sphere while in the family life a gender asymmetry remains. During the second stage of the gender revolution the progress towards new roles of men and women in the private sphere takes place – they both are considered as economic providers and careers and share work and family responsibilities (e.g. McDonald 2000b, Goldscheider, Bernhardt, Lappegård 2015, Esping-Andersen, Billari 2015).

The article compares on-going changes in gender roles in Poland and Norway, two countries which are at different stages of this process, and their interplay with fertility (mean number of children and intensions about the second and third child). Attitudes towards gender equality are studied by taking into account views on this issue on one side and sharing care and housework on the other. Data come from the first round of the Generations and Gender Survey. The study has been performed for respondents aged 20–44, living together with a partner and children under 14 years of age.

The descriptive analyses showed that Poles are not only less advanced in gender role changes in two gender dimensions studied: their views on gender roles are more traditional than Norwegian ones, women’s share in family duties is higher contrary to men who contribute less to family responsibilities than women and men in Norway. There is also a higher variation of views and practices among Poles.

In Poland and Norway, egalitarian men participate more in family duties than those who declare traditional views, while egalitarian women are less burdened by home work and care. However, in Norway there is remarkably more egalitarian women with low and medium share of domestic duties in parallel to more numerous egalitarian men who take a great share of family responsibilities.

More egalitarian respondents have fewer children than the traditional ones in both countries. However, the mean number of children among this group of respondents in Norway is higher than in Poland. Moreover, women in both countries are less inclined to declare intensions to have a second or third child when they participate more in care and domestic duties. This relationship has been found for men in Norway as well.
Longevity – can we afford it? The problem of households’ direct health care expenditures in Poland
Authors: Żółtaszek Agata
Published: March 2020

Longevity can be perceived as increasing life expectancy in a population or as the long lifespan of an individual. Longer lifespans and decreasing fertility rates in many countries will cause societies to rapidly grow old. This paper is an attempt to define the determinants of the ‘out-of-pocket’ medical expenditures of the elderly. In this research statistical tests and micro-econometric modelling were carried out on a sample of the Polish population. The results of the analysis indicate that the elderly with their elevated needs for medical assistance spent more on the health care, than the rest of population (in the absolute value and in relation to income) and that their expenditures are constantly increasing. The main limitation to households’ health care expenditures is the income, which suggests that there may be an unrealized demand for medical services and products, especially medical drugs that cannot be obtained entirely free of charge. This highlights a new direction for the development of Poland’s health care policy; otherwise, longevity may be a luxury that not everyone can afford.
Zmiana liczby zgonów i trwania życia w latach 2016–2018. Przyczynek do analizy zgonów w Polsce
Authors: Wróblewska Wiktoria
Published: March 2020

Since the 1990s, life expectancy at birth in Poland has increased by over three months on average each year for both sexes. However, in recent years there has been a decrease in life expectancy, and the number of deaths increased by 6% for men and 8% for women between 2016 and 2018.

The aim of this study is to identify the subpopulations most sensitive to the recent changes in mortality in Poland. The increase in deaths is described with regard to changes in age distribution of the population and age at death contributing to life expectancy changes in recent years is analysed. The findings serve as a basis for making references to theoretical knowledge and proposals for future research directions as well as recommendations for public statistics and social policy.

The increase in the number of deaths is a new phenomenon that cannot be accounted for by the size differences between the cohorts born between the two world wars and during the Second World War or the ageing of the baby-boom generations. The greatest contributors to the decreasing life expectancy are deaths at older age. This and the fast growing population aged 85 years and more indicate a need to devote more research attention to analysing mortality in the oldest age groups. It is also emphasised that the elderly are potentially the most prone to various threats associated with an excessive number of deaths, including inadequate health care funding.
Uwagi o urodzeniach i niskiej dzietności w Polsce oraz polityce rodzinnej wspierającej prokreację
Authors: Kotowska Irena E.
Published: March 2020

The below replacement fertility, persisting in many industrial countries, impacts the decrease in the population dynamics and consequently, the population decline. It also imposes the durable shifts in the age composition, which result in distorting relationships between subsequent generations (children, adults, old people). Therefore, fertility growth has become an increasingly highlighted goal of family policy. The article presents the situation in Poland in terms of changes in births and fertility on the one hand, and family policy reforms on the other hand. The attempt to evaluate whether family policy reforms implemented since 2008 might be considered as supportive for demographic renewal refers to numerous comparative studies on fertility effects of different policy measures. In the conclusion, a strong statement is formulated that to evaluate adequately the effects for demographic renewal from a longer time perspective, policy panel surveys on family relative behaviours and childbearing decisions are needed.
Investment in the family: is it beneficial in post-modern society?
Authors: Taranowicz Iwona
Published: March 2020

We observe very deep changes involving the family. People live in different kinds of partnerships, not only in traditional marriages. They decide to have fewer children or even not have them at all. So is the family still beneficial in post-modern society? This article discusses the contemporary determinant conditions regarding the decision to start a family. The majority of them are connected with the labour market and social processes like inividualisation, changing social ties, and decaying of cultural universe. The post-modern society does not encourage people to start families. However, people still decide to have children and to form stable partnerships. This is because having offspring and a partner will give them something of the highest importance that is invaluable in post-modern society – emotional ties and emotional fulfilment.
Family life as an area of emotional work and investments: an analysis from the perspective of sociology of mental health
Authors: Frąckowiak-Sochańska Monika
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyse and interpret family life as an area of individuals’ emotional work and investments. The perspective of the above mentioned analysis is designated by the sociology of mental health. Relationships within a family have undeniable influence on the state of people’s mental health. These relationships can be a source of support as well as emotional burden. Families can either compensate for the social stress individuals experience due to processes at the macro level or enhance the emotional tension resulting from social stress. The main method used in this study is meta-analysis of epidemiological and clinical data concerning the mental health of the global (WHO) and Polish population (EZOP-Poland) and my own research – a nationwide, representative survey (N=1,000) carried out in Poland, which was part of a broader theoretical and empirical project devoted to the process of social construction of the categories of mental health, disease and disorder in late modern society. I also refer to my qualitative research including twenty in-depth interviews with psychologists, psychiatrists and psychotherapists who had experience in carrying out family, couples and individual therapy. The research objective was to find out whether and in what way some issues described from the socio-cultural perspective manifest themselves in the form of problems with which people turn to psychotherapists.

The analysis and interpretation of data from the above mentioned sources enable us to put forward a thesis that living within a family entails not necessarily an alternative (either emotional burden or support), but a conjunction (both emotional burden and support). In this context the practical solutions that enable families to protect and strengthen the individual’s mental health should be searched for.
Стан, структура і продуктивність соснових лісів ДП «Лиманське ЛГ»
Authors: Prikhodko O. B. , Pasternak V. P. , Yarotsky V. Yu.
Published: March 2020

Розглянуто особливості структури, продуктивності та стану соснових лісів ДП «Лиманське ЛГ» на типологічній основі. За результатами аналізу бази даних «Лісовий фонд» встановлено, що в лісовому фонді домінують чисті соснові деревостани у свіжих і сухих борах та свіжих суборах, що визначається кліматичними умовами та співвідношенням типів рельєфу. Соснові деревостани є середньопродуктивними: середній клас бонітету становить І,7, середня повнота – 0,76. Найбільші частки за площею займають деревостани VI–VIІІ класів віку.З використанням польової ГІС Field-Map на дослідних ділянках проведено оцінювання основних компонентів лісових екосистем, визначено санітарний стан соснових деревостанів. За станом соснові ліси характеризуються як ослаблені та сильно ослаблені. Індекс стану без урахування сухостою становить від І,53 до ІІ,70. Найгірший стан визначено на ділянках, пошкоджених пожежами (ІІ,49–ІІ,70). Встановлено основні чинники, що негативно впливають на стан лісів (зміна рівня ґрунтових вод, ураження хворобами, пошкодження пожежами).