bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Darwin, Paratext and the Modes of Knowing
Authors: Allard James Robert
Published: October 2016

This paper examines the relation between the verse stanzas and the prose notes (both the extensive footnotes and the even more extensive “additional notes”) of Erasmus Darwin's The Temple of Nature or The Origin of Society: A Poem. With Philosophic Notes (1803) in an effort to engage with the complex interweaving of science and literature that forms Darwin's work and increasingly informs Romantic Studies. Beginning with the simple assertion that the notes are far more integral to the text than the subordination implied in the titular “with” might suggest – in fact, that the notes are, in some important ways, the point of the text – I argue that what critics often refer to as Darwin's “masterwork” interrogates the very notion of “mastery” itself by working at once to perform and to foster a critical sense of what we might call “interdisciplinarity”: an effort neither to erect nor to erode disciplinary boundaries at points of intersection but an interest in engaging with the “space” of the boundary itself. As Darwin notes in the preface, “The Poem, which is here offered to the Public, does not pretend to instruct by deep researches of reasoning; its aim is simply to amuse by bringing distinctly to the imagination the beautiful and sublime images of the operations of Nature in the order, as the Author believes, in which the progressive course of time presented them.” On the one hand, this claim clearly conveys Darwin's concern with instruction, with “bringing distinctly to the imagination” and the “deep researches of reasoning,” even as it downplays; perhaps, more “traditional” modes of teaching and even, by extension, works to revise our understanding of what is worth teaching. On the other hand, it suggests that a Romantic concern with the beautiful and sublime is as at home in the “deep researches of reasoning” and the “operations of Nature” as it is in any poem. And, however, we may choose to inflect that claim; the text is more than simply a didactic poem teaching a proto‐evolutionary, clearly medicalized version of biological, sociological and cultural development. It is an extensive commentary on the interrelation of the medical and the social, the biological and the poetic and, not least, on the nature of didacticism itself, on the hows and whys of instructing and learning in an environment and at a time when the limits of the known and the knowable and the sense of promise and anxiety fostered by changing disciplinary boundaries were under constant scrutiny. By examining the interaction between the “main” text and the paratext, I explore how one of the period's most diverse thinkers and writers negotiated the diversity of knowledge and modes of knowing that made his work so popular and influential and, most importantly, how he taught and can still teach ways for readers to manage the critical if contentious interdisciplinarity that will continue to dominate our own deep researches.
Effects of four commercial fungal formulations on mortality and sporulation in house flies (Musca domestica) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Authors: WEEKS E. N. I. , MACHTINGER E. T. , GEZAN S. A. , KAUFMAN P. E. , GEDEN C. J.
Published: October 2016

The house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) are major pests of livestock. Biological control is an important tool in an integrated control framework. Increased mortality in filth flies has been documented with entomopathogenic fungi, several strains of which are commercially available. Three strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo‐Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and one strain of Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) were tested in commercial formulations for pathogenicity against house flies and stable flies. There was a significant increase in mortality of house flies with three of the formulations, BotaniGard® ES, Mycotrol® O, and Met52® EC, during days 4–9 in comparison with balEnce™ and the control. In stable flies, mortality rates were highest with Met52® EC, followed by Mycotrol® O, BotaniGard® ES and, finally, balEnce™. There was a significant fungal effect on sporulation in both house flies and stable flies. Product formulation, species differences and fungal strains may be responsible for some of the differences observed. Future testing in field situations is necessary. These commercial biopesticides may represent important tools in integrated fly management programmes.
Causing Little Ones to Stumble: Paul Bailey and the Millstone of Religion
Authors: Hardy Robert
Published: October 2016

In Sugar Cane the novelist Paul Bailey describes what happens when someone is exposed at an impressionable age to religion in a brutally corrupt or merely stupid form and has to come to terms with that exposure: whether healing might be possible and what that healing might look like. Bailey suggests an alternative narrative, where, despite the suffering of his characters, the word ‘religion’ means more to him than it does to Irvin Yalom, who wrote of his belief after his own childhood exposure to the authoritarianism of his parents’ Jewish orthodoxy, that ‘faith, like so many other early irrational beliefs and fears, is a burden’.
Nurse faculty as international research collaborators
Authors: O'Keefe Louise C. , Frith Karen H. , Barnby Elizabeth
Published: October 2016

Nursing faculty who desire to expand their research portfolios will benefit from collaboration with researchers with complimentary interests from different universities across the world. International collaboration can enhance the productivity of researchers who seek to conduct studies with similar populations in different environments, and who desire a larger impact based on the findings of their studies. International collaborative teams have the potential to make important discoveries that affect the health of populations across the world. Communication is a critical step in defining the roles and professional relationships of researchers involved in international collaboration. Researchers need to be cognizant of rules affecting data security, intellectual property, data ownership, and funding sources in each country. International collaborative research can be exciting and rewarding, especially when participants are culturally aware, respect universities' policies, and are mindful of the ethical and legal principles for the countries in which the research is conducted. This article describes ways to enhance the success of nursing faculty who desire a rich experience with international research collaborators.
Does Tariff Induce Intellectual Property Right Protection and Reduce Incidence of Piracy?
Authors: Acharyya Rajat , Banerjee Dyuti S.
Published: October 2016

We consider a model with North exporting a copyrighted product to South where there is IPR violation, and South exports a basic good to North. We examine the impact of North's imposition of import tariff on South's monitoring of IPR violation and the incidence of piracy. If South values IPR compliance “lowly”, then tariff imposition do not alter the pre‐tariff no monitoring equilibrium outcome but unambiguously raises the incidence of piracy. If IPR compliance is valued “highly” then tariff either switches the equilibrium outcome from not monitoring to monitoring or increases its rate. However, the incidence of piracy may increase.
Complications of caesarean section
Authors: Field Alexander , Haloob Rahim
Published: October 2016

Key content

The incidence and presentation of complications of caesarean section.

The surgical management of intrapartum and postpartum haemorrhage.

Risk factors for, and prevention and treatment of postpartum sepsis.

Presentation, investigation and repair of bladder injuries when recognised intraoperatively and following delayed presentation.

Risk factors for, and recognition and management of suspected ureteric injury intraoperatively and postoperatively.

Bowel complications including intraoperative bowel injury and management, postoperative ileus and Ogilvie syndrome.

Particular risks and complications associated with caesarean section at full dilatation.

Caesarean section in the developing world.

Learning objectives

To be aware of the most common and serious complications of caesarean section.

To be able to describe recognition and initial surgical management of suspected bladder, ureteric and bowel injuries.

To be familiar with delayed presentations of visceral injuries and have a systematic approach to investigation of suspected injury.

To understand the impact of caesarean section complications in resource‐poor countries.

Ethical issues

Appropriate, accurate preoperative counselling regarding risks and consent.

Awareness of personal competency in managing specific complications.
Pregnancy following treatment for malignancy
Authors: Wallace Suzanne VF , Swallow Gill A
Published: October 2016

Key content

Increasing numbers of women are surviving cancer in childhood or early adulthood.

Treatments for malignancy can cause long‐term damage to a number of organs; this is frequently unappreciated by both patients and obstetricians.

Pregnancy in women who have been exposed to treatments for cancer can be potentially problematic but most have a good outcome.

A good understanding and initial assessment optimises the outcome for this group of women.

Learning objectives

To understand the implications of previous cancer treatments.

To be able to plan management for this group of women in pregnancy.

Ethical issues

Should young survivors of malignancy be given improved information on the potential deleterious effects that their, often life‐saving, treatment has had on other body systems?

Should all female survivors of malignancy be offered routine prepregnancy counselling?
Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis
Authors: Dougan Claire , Phillips Robyn , Harley Ian , Benson Gary , Anbazhagan Akila
Published: October 2016

Key content

Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis (POVT) is a rare but potentially fatal condition.

Symptoms up to 4 weeks postpartum often include vague abdominal pain and pyrexia.

A high index of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis.

As there is no consensus regarding management, a multidisciplinary approach is advised.

Learning objectives

Recognise the symptoms and signs of POVT and formulate a differential diagnosis.

Recognise the importance of imaging in confirming the diagnosis and involvement of the multidisciplinary team to plan management.

Understand that conservative management with low‐molecular‐weight heparin is the first‐line treatment, and understand the situations that may require vena caval filter insertion or surgical intervention.

Ethical issues

How can we counsel women about risks of conservative and surgical management of this condition when there is no consensus for this management?

Should women who have had an ovarian vein thrombosis in a previous pregnancy be counselled toward avoiding future pregnancy?
The importance of non‐technical skills and risk reduction in the operating theatre
Authors: Jackson K Suzanne
Published: October 2016

Key content

Preventable harm still occurs at unacceptable levels in the operating theatre and this is often due to systems failure.

Systems failures are often the result of non‐technical errors.

Identifying and capturing errors in the system is important for improving patient safety.

Initiatives such as checklists should be supported.

Distractions and interruptions in the operating theatre should be limited.

Non‐technical skills and teamwork training are important in this area.

Behavioural marker systems may be useful in evaluating non– technical skills.

Learning objectives

To identify risk areas in the operating theatre environment.

To describe ways to identify and capture error.

To describe the role of training and teamwork in reducing risk.

Ethical issues

How do we identify risks and raise concerns?
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Authors: Geenes Victoria , Williamson Catherine , Chappell Lucy C
Published: October 2016

Key content

Obstetric cholestasis is also known as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).

ICP affects approximately 0.7% of pregnant women in the UK, equating to approximately 6000 women per year.

Pruritus, elevated liver enzymes and raised serum bile acids are key to the diagnosis of ICP.

There is an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes associated with severe ICP, including spontaneous preterm birth, meconium staining of the amniotic fluid and stillbirth.

ICP may be treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), with some improvement in serum biochemistry and pruritus; however, the impact on the fetus is uncertain.

Learning objectives

To understand the presentation, investigation and management options for women with ICP.

To appreciate the perinatal implications of ICP.

To be aware of the differential diagnoses for antenatal and postnatal abnormal liver function tests.

Ethical issues

Use of unlicensed drugs in pregnancy.

Uncertain feto‐protective benefits of UDCA.

Implications of the adoption of early elective delivery on the development of children born to women with ICP.
Comprehensive review and update of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy
Authors: Navti Osric , Hughes Brenna L , Tang Julian W , Konje Justin
Published: October 2016

Key Content

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of congenital viral infections; 75–90% of infections are asymptomatic at birth but 10–25% of infants will develop neurological sequelae.

Diagnosis of primary maternal CMV in pregnancy should be based on seroconversion in pregnancy (de novo appearance of virus‐specific immunoglobulin G [IgG] in the serum of pregnant women who were previously seronegative) or on detection of specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies in association with low IgG avidity.

Primary maternal infection is associated with a 30–40% risk of intrauterine transmission and fetal infection, with 20–25% of those infected developing sequelae postnatally.

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal CMV is imperfect and based on amniocentesis performed at least 7 weeks after presumed maternal infection and after 21 weeks of gestation.

The presence of radiologic findings by ultrasound in combination with CMV DNA viral load in amniotic fluid may have prognostic significance for risk of neurologic sequelae.

Learning objectives

To understand the prevalence, diagnosis and implications of CMV infection in pregnancy.

To explore the management options in a pregnancy affected by congenital CMV.

Ethical issues

Should routine screening for CMV be recommended in pregnancy?

How should termination counselling be conducted following prenatal confirmation of fetal infection with amniocentesis?
Reproductive health in female survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Gelson Emily , Prakash Alka , Macdougall Jane , Williams Denise
Published: October 2016

Key content

Over the past four decades childhood cancer diagnosis has increased throughout Europe. Long‐term survival rates have reached 80% and it is estimated that there are currently more than 33 000 survivors of childhood cancer alive in the UK.

Despite such successes, a significant number of childhood cancer survivors experience late chronic adverse effects of their treatment.

The major effect on reproductive health is subfertility due to potential acute ovarian failure and premature menopause.

Late effects on cardiac, renal, and pulmonary function can compromise pregnancy. As such, careful prepregnancy counselling and planning is paramount.

Learning objectives

Understand the potential effects of childhood cancer treatments on reproductive function.

Understand how to assess ovarian reserve in female survivors of childhood cancer.

Understand the potential systemic long‐term effects of cancer treatment during childhood and the relevance to childbearing.

Ethical issues

Should in vitro fertilisation (IVF) be performed in women with a past history of cancer, considering their reduced life expectancy and the potential chronic late effects of treatment?

When should an adolescent who has survived cancer be made aware that their fertility may be compromised?
Intranuclear inclusions in a dog with B‐cell leukemia
Authors: Kato Daiki , Takahashi Masashi , Harada Tomoyuki , Tsuboi Masaya , Uchida Kazuyuki , Fukushima Kenjiro , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Fujino Yasuhito , Ohno Koichi , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Tsujimoto Hajime
Published: October 2016

A 7‐year‐old Shetland Sheepdog was presented with anorexia. A CBC indicated thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Bone marrow cytology revealed that 67.7% of all nucleated cells (ANC) were anaplastic large mononuclear cells. These cells were confirmed to be of B‐cell origin based on IgH rearrangement, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric analysis. Microscopic examination revealed that the neoplastic cells had intranuclear inclusions resembling Dutcher bodies. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the intranuclear inclusions were immunopositive for IgG antibodies. The periodic acid–Schiff reaction was negative for the presence of polysaccharides and related substances. Although the dog achieved complete remission with a multi‐drug chemotherapy protocol, it ultimately died because of tumor progression and acute renal insufficiency on day 201. This is the first known case of canine acute B‐cell leukemia with intranuclear inclusions resembling Dutcher bodies.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED K2CO3 PALM SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON AS SORBENT FOR CO2 ADSORPTION APPLICATION
Authors: Hamza Usman Dadum , Nasri Noor Shawal , Saidina Amin Nor Aishah , Mohammed Jibril , Mohd Zain Husna
Published: October 2016

Carbon dioxide is believed to be a major greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. In this study, palm shells were used as a precursor to prepare CO2 activated carbon sorbents via carbonization, chemical impregnation with K2CO3 and microwave activation.  Adsorption equilibrium data for CO2 adsorption on the porous carbon were obtained at different temperatures using static volumetric adsorption method. Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Toths models were used to correlate the experimental data. The CO2 adsorption capacity at 303.15, 343.15, 378.15 443.15 K and 1 bar on the sorbent was 2.71, 1.5, 0.77, 0.69 mmol/g respectively. Sips isotherm was found to have the best fit. The results indicated that the porous carbon sorbent prepared by carbonization and microwave K2CO3 assisted activation have good CO2 uptake. The porous carbons produced are therefore good candidates for CO2 adsorption applications
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF A SOLID DESICCANT AIR DEHUMIDIFIER
Authors: Kamsah Nazri , Mohamed Kamar Haslinda , Wan Khairuzzaman Muhammad Imran , Alhamid M. Idrus , Mohd Zawawi Fazila
Published: October 2016

The presence of moisture in the air along with temperature has a long term and devastating effect on man and material. One way to create a low humidity environment is by using a solid desiccant wheel system. In the present work, an experimental analysis has been carried out under steady-state conditions to investigate the effects of different operating parameters on a solid desiccant wheel system performances. An experimental rig consists of an FFB300 air dehumidifier system was constructed. A parametric investigation was carried out to examine the effects of the reactivation air inlet temperature and process air outlet velocity on the thermal effectiveness, dehumidification efficiency, and moisture removal rate of the desiccant wheel system. The analysis shows that both thermal effectiveness and dehumidification efficiency decrease with the increase of the reactivation air inlet temperature, by 2.5 % and 43 %, respectively. Likewise, when the process air outlet velocity increases both performances criteria reduce by 10 % and 28 %, respectively. The moisture removal rate increases significantly by 30 % as the reactivation air inlet temperature increases. However, the process air outlet velocity has no significant effect on the moisture removal rate.
Sumbangan Teknologi Hijau Dalam Ketamadunan Islam
Authors: Hassan Norizan , Salamon Hussin , Abdul Rahman Hasimah
Published: October 2016

Green technology refers to the development and application of products, equipment and systems to protect the environment and the natural environment and minimize the negative impact of human activities. Positive elements in green technologies should be focused on the elements that benefit the environment. But otherwise have occurred. Human activities have resulted in a variety of greedy negative changes to the earth such as climate change, global warming and pollution. This is because man has lost Islamic values in themselves. Therefore, how green technology can contribute to Islamic civilization and portrays Islam entirely discussed in this article. The objective of this study is to analyze how green technology can contribute to Islamic civilization and can filled with features that prescribed in Islam. This study will use qualitative methods in which sources of information from journal articles, books and online database. Findings have shown that the green technology can contribute in Islamic civilization and show that green technology has been filled with the value of Islam such as environmental protection, energy saving and environmental sustainability awareness. These areas have also contributed in terms of environmental protection and restore human civilization increasingly barren due to the greed in this world. Studies of green technology can also provide a space for Muslims to explore this area in accordance with the Quran and the Sunnah and thus can contribute to environmental sustainability, which result in benefits to the present generation and the next.
The Epistemological Aspect of Ibn Al-Haytham’s Scientific Thought
Authors: Alias Mohd Syahmir , Hanapi Mohd Shukri
Published: October 2016

The discussions on epistemology are closely related to the source and methodology of obtaining knowledge. Today’s modern scientific methodology which is driven by logical positivism philosophy lay too much importance on data that can be observed by the senses and is rational to the mind. Therefore, it have a few differences from the Islamic epistemological framework which are value driven in process. However, it was said that Ibn al-Haytham is one the earliest Muslim scholars to base his research on scientific methods. The question is how Ibn al-Haytham obtains scientific knowledge? Does it fit into Islamic epistemological framework? Hence, this article intends to identify the epistemological aspects of Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific thoughts by using the content analysis method. The findings showed that Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific epistemology is based on reflection on the verses of al-Qur’an, belief in God’s law (sunnatullah) of nature, observation by the senses, cognitive reasoning, and intuition. Therefore, the source of knowledge pertaining to Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific thoughts is integrated as what shown in the discussion of Islamic epistemology.
Pengaruh Timur Tengah Terhadap Madrasah Al-Mashoor Al-Islamiah
Authors: Muhamad Ahmad Dzulfahmi
Published: October 2016

Middle Eastern influences play an important role in the Madrasah al-Mashoor al-Islamiah in Penang Islamic education system and is a major factor madrasah education system is growing rapidly. Effect of the Middle East, especially from Egypt and Makkah in the development of Islamic education in Malaya who have contributed to the realization of the Malay Muslim sociopolitical effects of the Islah movement in the Middle East in the field of education. This rapid development is due to the role taken by Syed Sheikh al-Hadi in bringing reforms in the education system, curriculum, teaching staff and in terms of magazine publishing. The main method in this study is the use of qualitative research methods based on primary and secondary sources. Primary sources such as private letters, books, souvenirs Madrasah al-Mashoor and resources in analyzing this approach to history. Secondary sources were used such as articles, journals, books, newspapers and theses. The study found that the influence of the Middle East proved to be one factor in the rapid development and the role of education in Madrasah al-Islam al-Islamiah Mashoor. This effect has also caused Madrasah al-Mashoor al-Islamiah become famous and be a focal point for students in the Malay Archipelago for their studies.
Ke Arah Guru Pendidikan Islam sebagai Pemikir Kritis
Authors: Mohd Zhaffar Nursafra , Hamzah Mohd Isa , Abdul Razak Khadijah , Wan Abdullah Wan Ali Akbar
Published: October 2016

It is important in the teaching of Islamic Education to be infused with thinking skills so that students can inteprate Islamic teaching into their life context. Nevertheless, the implementation of it in the teaching of Islamic Education is seen as lacking in stimulating the students’ thinking ability. It is crucial to ensure the Islamic Education teachers (IET) to develop their critical thinking attributes first before they implement it on their students. To develop this attribute among the teachers, it will not be easy since they have to allocate more time, more energy and a lot of systematic and continuous collaborations with other parties. Therefore, it is very important to highlight this issue. This study used content analysis methodology of previous research related to the development factors of IET as a critical thinker. This study found that there are two main factors including internal and external factors. These two factors are discussed based on the Ibn Khaldun Educational Theory and Dunkin & Biddle Teaching and Learning Model. Hopefully this article contributes to the development of critical thinking quality among the Islamic Education teachers on their own individual effort or in the higher level towards the effective teaching of Islamic Education.
Compliance Synthesis of CSFH MEMS-Based Microgrippers
Authors: Verotti Matteo , Dochshanov Alden , Belfiore Nicola P.
Published: October 2016

In the last decades, grippers have been employed extensively at the microscale, for example, in microbiology and in microassembly. In these fields, specifically, it is essential to improve the performance of these systems in terms of precision, actuation, and sensing of the gripping force. Recent investigations drew attention on the tip–environment interaction force, which gave rise to further studies on the tip compliance behavior. This paper reveals a new method for designing MEMS technology-based compliant microgrippers with prescribed specifications for the jaw tip compliance. This approach relies on the equivalence between a compliant mechanism and its corresponding pseudorigid-body model (PRBM), the former embedding conjugate surfaces flexure hinges (CSFHs) as flexures. Such correspondence has been assessed by means of finite element analysis (FEA) simulations and theoretical models.
Nonlinear Modes of Vibration and Internal Resonances in Nonlocal Beams
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro , Thomas Olivier
Published: October 2016

A nonlocal Bernoulli–Euler p-version finite-element (p-FE) is developed to investigate nonlinear modes of vibration and to analyze internal resonances of beams with dimensions of a few nanometers. The time domain equations of motion are transformed to the frequency domain via the harmonic balance method (HBM), and then, the equations of motion are solved by an arc-length continuation method. After comparisons with published data on beams with rectangular cross section and on carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the study focuses on the nonlinear modes of vibration of CNTs. It is verified that the p-FE proposed, which keeps the advantageous flexibility of the FEM, leads to accurate discretizations with a small number of degrees-of-freedom. The first three nonlinear modes of vibration are studied and it is found that higher order modes are more influenced by nonlocal effects than the first mode. Several harmonics are considered in the harmonic balance procedure, allowing us to discover modal interactions due to internal resonances. It is shown that the nonlocal effects alter the characteristics of the internal resonances. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that, due to the internal resonances, the nonlocal effects are still noticeable at lengths that are longer than what has been previously found.
Development of a transmission alpha particle dosimetry technique using A549 cells and a Ra‐223 source for targeted alpha therapy
Authors: AL Darwish R. , Staudacher A. H. , Li Y. , Brown M. P. , Bezak E.
Published: October 2016

Purpose

In targeted radionuclide therapy, regional tumors are targeted with radionuclides delivering therapeutic radiation doses. Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is of particular interest due to its ability to deliver alpha particles of high linear energy transfer within the confines of the tumor. However, there is a lack of data related to alpha particle distribution in TAT. These data are required to more accurately estimate the absorbed dose on a cellular level. As a result, there is a need for a dosimeter that can estimate, or better yet determine the absorbed dose deposited by alpha particles in cells. In this study, as an initial step, the authors present a transmission dosimetry design for alpha particles using A549 lung carcinoma cells, an external alpha particle emitting source (radium 223; Ra‐223) and a Timepix pixelated semiconductor detector.

Methods

The dose delivery to the A549 lung carcinoma cell line from a Ra‐223 source, considered to be an attractive radionuclide for alpha therapy, was investigated in the current work. A549 cells were either unirradiated (control) or irradiated for , 1, 2, or 3 h with alpha particles emitted from a Ra‐223 source positioned below a monolayer of A549 cells. The Timepix detector was used to determine the number of transmitted alpha particles passing through the A549 cells and DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in the form of γ‐H2AX foci were examined by fluorescence microscopy. The number of transmitted alpha particles was correlated with the observed DNA DSBs and the delivered radiation dose was estimated. Additionally, the dose deposited was calculated using Monte Carlo code SRIM.

Results

Approximately 20% of alpha particles were transmitted and detected by Timepix. The frequency and number of γ‐H2AX foci increased significantly following alpha particle irradiation as compared to unirradiated controls. The equivalent dose delivered to A549 cells was estimated to be approximately 0.66, 1.32, 2.53, and 3.96 Gy after , 1, 2, and 3 h irradiation, respectively, considering a relative biological effectiveness of alpha particles of 5.5.

Conclusions

The study confirmed that the Timepix detector can be used for transmission alpha particle dosimetry. If cross‐calibrated using biological dosimetry, this method will give a good indication of the biological effects of alpha particles without the need for repeated biological dosimetry which is costly, time consuming, and not readily available.
Learning to Ride a Unicycle: Coordinating Balance and Propulsion
Authors: Lee I-Chieh , Liu Yeou-Teh , Newell Karl M.
Published: October 2016

We investigated the coordination of balance and propulsion processes in learning to ride a unicycle through a principal component analysis (PCA) of the nature and number of functional degrees of freedom (DOF) in the movement coordination patterns. Six participants practiced unicycle riding on an indoor track for 28 sessions over separate days. The movement time and performance outcomes were recorded for each trial and body segment kinematics were collected from the first and every succeeding 4th session. The first appearance of no-hand-support performance varied across participants from the 5th practice session to the 22nd session. The PCA showed that initially in practice the 39 kinematic time series could be represented by 6–9 components that were reduced over practice to 4–7 components. The loadings of the PCA that reflected balance and propulsion processes became more coupled as a function of successfully riding the unicycle. The findings support the proposition that learning to ride the unicycle is a process of making the system more controllable by coordinating balance and propulsion while mastering the redundant DOF.
Fundamental Movement Skills in Children With and Without Movement Difficulties
Authors: Zimmer Chantelle , Staples Kerri L. , Harvey William James
Published: October 2016

The performance of various fundamental movement skills is important for children with movement difficulties (MD) to be successful in physical education and play. The current study aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the aspects impaired in the performance of static and dynamic locomotor and object control skills among children with MD, identified with the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, relative to their same-aged peers without MD. Children, 7–10 years, were recruited from three elementary schools. Eighteen children with MD (mean age = 9.14 years, SD = 0.97) and 18 without MD (mean age = 9.12 years, SD = 0.97) participated in the study. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of their movement performance were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) and PE Metrics. Children with MD demonstrated significantly poorer performance than children without MD for locomotor skills on the PE Metrics and object control skills on both the TGMD-2 and PE Metrics. The findings of this study suggest that children with MD primarily demonstrate immature movement patterns, inefficient movement strategies, and impaired aspects of movement that impact their performance for dynamic object control skills.
Development of Static Postural Control: An Overview and Summary of Entropy Analysis
Authors: Anderson Neil , Button Chris
Published: October 2016

Control of static posture is constrained by multiple sensory inputs, motor ability, and task constraints. Development of static postural control across the lifespan can be analyzed effectively using nonlinear analyses of center of pressure (CoP) time series, including approximate and sample entropy. In this paper, the key findings from studies using nonlinear analysis tools are reviewed to describe the development of postural control. Preschool children learn to adopt relatively unstable postures (e.g., standing) in which the regularity of CoP initially increases as a consequence of restricting mechanical degrees of freedom. As children age, CoP regularity decreases as degrees of freedom are released, thus enabling a more functional, adaptable type of postural control. Changes to sensory inputs or task constraints also affect the regularity of CoP sway. For example, removing vision, adding vibration, or imposing dual-task conditions affect performer’s CoP regularity differently. One limitation of approximate and sample entropy analysis is the influence of different input parameters on the output and subsequent interpretation. Ongoing refinement to entropy analysis tools concern determining appropriate values for the length of sequence to be matched and the tolerance level used with CoP data.
College Students' Satisfaction and Involvement with the Recreation Center Based on Perceived Service Quality: The Moderating Effects of Health and Weight Consciousness
Authors: Suttikun Chompoonut , Chang Hyo Jung
Published: October 2016

A university recreation center is a service provided for students benefiting their physical health while offering relief from some stress from an academic life. Understanding students' perceptions of service quality helps collegiate recreation administrators improve facilities and services to better serve current members. This study examined college students' perceptions of service quality and how perceptions affected their satisfaction and involvement at a recreation center utilizing “health and weight consciousness” as moderators. Results showed that components of service quality, including reliability (e.g., ability to perform the promised services), tangibles (e.g., facilities and equipment), and assurance (e.g., knowledge and courtesy of employees) played critical roles affecting users' satisfaction, and in turn influenced their involvement in the recreation center. Furthermore, users who care more about their health tend to be more satisfied with service quality and are more involved with activities or sports at the recreation center.
Title IX and Campus Recreation: Guidelines to Increase Gender Equity in Club and Intramural Sport Programs
Authors: McDowell Jacqueline , Deterding Robyn , Elmore Terrence , Morford Edward , Morris Erin
Published: October 2016

Title IX legislation seeks to prevent sex discrimination in club and intramural recreational activities; yet guidance to encourage compliance with the law is limited. Hence the purpose of this investigation was to critically assess the applicability of Title IX athletic guidance and advance gender equity guidelines specific to intramural and club sports. Campus recreation directors from six NIRSA regions were sent an online survey with recommended gender equity guidelines. Eighty-two directors appraised the guidelines in relation to their effectiveness in evaluating gender equity in intramural and club sport programs. This investigation found the majority of the guidance for intercollegiate athletic programs to be relevant to club and intramural sport programs, but differences were found concerning provisions and participation opportunities. Similarities and differences are discussed and twenty guidelines are advanced to provide institutions with ways to provide men and women with nondiscriminatory participation opportunities.
Phaeochromocytoma presenting as an acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Imam Towhid , Finny Philip , Choo-Kang Alan , Khan Rehman
Published: October 2016

A 44-year-old Caucasian man presented to the emergency department in acute cardiogenic shock, with pulmonary oedema, secondary to an acute myocardial infarction and in a hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. The previous day he had undergone a colonoscopy, which revealed features of colitis, and was started on prednisolone. He had been previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, migraine and anxiety attacks. While awaiting a coronary angiogram he developed abdominal pain and a CT scan was performed and found a large right adrenal mass. Plasma-free metadrenaline levels were elevated. After 4 months, a right adrenalectomy was performed successfully. He made a good recovery with normalisation of his heart function and resolution of his diabetes. The diagnosis was delayed for years due to his episodic symptoms being attributed to other more common diagnoses. Although a rare diagnosis in itself, there are case reports of phaeochromocytoma initially presenting with an acute coronary syndrome.
Endocarditis and monocular blindness
Authors: Andrews Jack , Borooah Shyamanga
Published: October 2016

A man aged 77 years with postrenal transplant lymphoproliferative disease was admitted with high fever, elevated inflammatory markers and a heart murmur. Blood cultures grewEnterococcus faecalisand he was found to have mitral valve endocarditis on echocardiogram and subsequently started on appropriate antibiotics. 5 days into treatment, he developed ocular symptoms and 3 days later, he had irreversible monocular visual loss. He was seen by the ophthalmology team who diagnosed endogenous endopthalmitis secondary to bacteraemic spread from his endocarditis. Despite treatment with intravitreal antibiotics and prolonged systemic antibiotics, his sight did not recover. Although septic emboli are common in endocarditis, endogenous endophthalmitis is rarely reported and frequently results in visual loss. Early treatment confers an improved prognosis.
Obscure upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: haemosuccus pancreaticus
Authors: Singh Prateush , Khan Asim , Jasper Manuel , Subhani Javaid
Published: October 2016

A Caucasian man aged 28 years with a history of pancreatitis presented with fatigue, intermittent melaena and severe anaemia. Symptomatic treatment for anaemia was coupled with thorough investigation to localise the source of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Two oesophagogastroduodenoscopies and colonoscopies failed to identify a cause. CT abdomen revealed splenomegaly secondary to splenic vein thrombosis with evidence of portal hypertension and small collateral vessels. A CT mesenteric angiogram revealed a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm as the likely source of bleeding. This was embolised successfully via interventional radiology and the patient's haemoglobin levels stabilised. During admission, the patient also developed severe epigastric pain radiating to the back secondary to acute-on-chronic pancreatitis, as evidenced by MRCP. The acute pancreatitis resolved with medical management, but the pain from his chronic condition was extremely difficult to control, even with opioids. He consequently underwent a successful splenic nerve radiofrequency ablation.
Experimental and numerical study on flexural behavior of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete beams with low reinforcement ratios
Authors: Yoo Doo-Yeol , Banthia Nemkumar , Yoon Young-Soo
Published: October 2016

Flexural behaviors of reinforced ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beams were experimentally and numerically investigated in terms of reinforcement ratio. To do this, four UHPFRC beams with different reinforcement ratios (0%–1.71%) were fabricated and tested. Since we focused on the placement technique of the steel reinforcing bars, only a small number of reinforced UHPFRC beams were deliberately considered. Test results indicated that with an increase in the reinforcement ratio, post-cracking stiffness and load carrying capacity were increased, whereas first cracking load was decreased. The cracking behavior was characterized by numerous vertical micro-cracks up to near the peak, followed by crack localization with a gradual decrease in load carrying capacity. The number of cracks and average crack spacing were marginally influenced by the reinforcement ratio. Sectional analysis incorporating a linear compressive model and tension-softening curves obtained from inverse analyses and direct tensile test were performed and verified through comparison with the experimental moment–curvature responses.
Forensic application of DNA barcoding for identification of illegally traded African pangolin scales
Authors: Mwale Monica , Dalton Desire L. , Jansen Raymond , De Bruyn Marli , Pietersen Darren , Mokgokong Prudent S. , Kotzé Antoinette
Published: October 2016

The escalating growth in illegal wildlife trade and anthropogenic habitat changes threaten the survival of pangolin species worldwide. All eight extant species have experienced drastic population size reductions globally with a high extinction risk in Asia. Consequently, forensic services have become critical for law enforcement, with a need for standardised and validated genetic methods for reliable identifications. The seizure of three tonnes of pangolin scales, believed to have originated from Africa, by Hong Kong Customs Authorities provided an opportunity for the application of DNA barcoding in identifying scales. Three mitochondrial DNA gene regions (COI, Cyt b, and D-loop) were amplified for a subsample of the confiscated material and compared with taxonomically verified references. All four African species were recovered as monophyletic with high interspecific uncorrected p-distance estimates (0.048–0.188) among genes. However, only three of four African species (Phataginus tricuspis, Phataginus tetradactyla, and Smutsia gigantea, originating from West and Central Africa) and one of four Asian species (Manis javanica from Southeast Asia) were identified among scales. Although the assignment of unknown scales to specific species was reliable, additional genetic tools and representative reference material are required to determine geographic origins of confiscated pangolin specimens.
Non-equilibrium dynamics of an ultracold Bose gas under multi-pulsed interaction quenches
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Zhidong , Liang Zhaoxin
Published: October 2016

We investigate the non-equilibrium properties of a weakly interacting Bose gas subjected to a multi-pulsed quench at zero temperature, where the interaction parameter in the Hamiltonian system switches between values [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for multiple times. The one-body and two-body correlation functions as well as Tan’s contact are calculated. The quench induced excitations are shown to increase with the number of quenches for both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. This implies the possibility to use multi-pulsed quantum quench as a more powerful way as compared to the “one-off” quench in controllable explorations of non-equilibrium quantum many-body systems. In addition, we study the ultra-short-range property of the two-body correlation function after multiple interaction quenches, which can serve as a probe of the “Tan’s contact” in the experiments. Our findings allow for an experimental probe using state of the art techniques with ultracold quantum gases.
Chaotic Dynamics of Discrete Multiple-Time Delayed Neural Networks of Ring Architecture Evoked by External Inputs
Authors: Wu Xiaoying , Chen Yuanlong , Tian Jing , Li Liangliang
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we consider a general class of discrete multiple-time delayed recurrent neural networks with external inputs. By applying a new transformation, we transform an m-neuron network model into a parameterized map from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. A chaotic invariant set of the neural networks system is obtained by using a family of projections from [Formula: see text] onto [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, we prove that the dynamics of this neural networks system restricted to the chaotic invariant set is topologically conjugate to the dynamics of the full shift map with two symbols, which indicates that chaos occurs. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the theoretical outcomes.
The unconventional Carboniferous reservoirs of the Greater Kirby Misperton gas field and their potential: North Yorkshire's sleeping giant
Authors: Hughes Fred , Harrison David , Haarhoff Matthew , Howlett Paul , Pearson Andrew , Ware Debbie , Taylor Colin , Emms Grant , Mortimer Andy
Published: October 2016

Unconventional hydrocarbon exploration in the UK is in its infancy and Third Energy's activities represent a major step towards unlocking the potential contained within the Carboniferous section beneath North Yorkshire. In the United States, production from unconventional petroleum systems has transformed the country's domestic energy markets. If the UK can replicate this success, it would go some way to offsetting the decline of North Sea production and thereby reduce dependence on foreign imports.

At the end of 2015, no other company had undertaken any unconventional exploration in North Yorkshire and great uncertainty remained over the region's prospectivity. To rectify this dearth of information, Third Energy carried out a detailed examination of vintage data from the area and also drilled a new well to acquire a modern, unconventionally focused dataset, including approximately 800 ft of core and 4000 ft of wireline log data. Analysis of the mineralogy, maturity, kerogen type, total organic content, brittleness, porosity and permeability of the Carboniferous Bowland sequence has enabled several intervals to be high graded. Given these results, Third Energy now plan to hydraulically fracture these intervals with the intent of producing the UK's first unconventionally sourced electricity at its Knapton Generating Station.