bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wiederbelebungsmaßnahmen bei leblosen Pflegeheimbewohnern durchführen oder unterlassen?
Authors: Günther Andreas , Primc Nadia , Hasseler Martina , Poeck Juliane , Schwabe Sven , Rubeis Giovanni , Janda Constanze , Hartleb Birgit , Czaputa Eileen , Fischer Matthias
Published: March 2023

Ziel der Arbeit Entscheidungen über Reanimationsversuche (RV) müssen die Chancen auf Überleben gegen die Aussichten auf zusätzliches Leid abwägen. Für Pflegeheimbewohner soll die Basis dieser Abwägung auf Grundlage der im Deutschen Reanimationsregister verfügbaren Endpunkte verbreitert werden.

Methodik Retrospektive Auswertung prähospitaler RV der Jahre 2012 bis 2019.

Ergebnisse Eingeschlossen wurden 2510 Datensätze. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 83,7 (±7,5) Jahre, 1497 (59,6%) waren weiblich. Es erfolgten 98 (3,9%) Lebendentlassungen; davon 61 (2,4%) mit neurologisch gutem Outcome. Im Krankenhaus verstarben 791 (31,5%); 561 (22,4%) innerhalb 24 Stunden. Am Einsatzort verstarben 1621 (64,6%). Diese und weitere Endpunkte wurden stratifiziert als Spektrum dargestellt und Subgruppen nach Alter, Pre Emergency Status und Einsatzsituationen gebildet.

Schlussfolgerung Für die Entscheidungsfindung scheinen neben den prähospitalen Einsatzsituationen besonders Patientencharakteristika relevant zu sein.
Polycyclic High-Density Cage Compounds via Cross Metathesis
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Chaurasia Usha Nandan
Published: March 2023

The synthesis of various highly functionalized caged systems suitable as high energy density materials, which were assembled by utilization of an olefin cross-metathesis strategy, is reported. E-Selectivity was observed during the cross-metathesis by using Grubbs second generation catalyst (G-II) and N-tolyl Grubbs catalyst in most of the cross-metathesis products. The stereochemistry of the olefin formed during the cross-metathesis has been determined unambiguously by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.
Voice and Mental Health Support for Trans Teens and Their Parents: A Workshop Model
Authors: Schatzki Myra , Risueño R.J. , Spector Jonah
Published: March 2023

Providing parents and their teenage children with an opportunity to experience voice modification techniques and discussions about mental health issues could alleviate some of their tremendous minority stress. Speech-language pathologists and counselors can use experiential learning and a multidimensional family approach to support parents and their trans teenagers to build connections and learn individual perspectives on their personal phases of transitioning. Participants of the 3-hour webinar included nine dyads of parents and youths across the United States. Topics on voice modification and mental health strategies were presented. Only parents completed the pre- and post-surveys to measure confidence in their knowledge to support their youth's voice and mental health needs. There were 10 Likert scale questions (5 voice, 5 mental health). The Kruskal–Wallis H-test results revealed that the median responses to the pre and post voice survey did not show a statistically significant change (H = 8.0, p = 0.342). Similarly, the mental health surveys did not reach significance (H = 8.0, p = 0.433). However, the growth trend shows strong promise for developing effective future experiential training workshops as a viable service provision for increasing parents' knowledge in supporting their trans child's voice and mental health needs.
An axisymmetric mirror device for studying confinement and instability
Authors: Yang Zhida , Xu Zelin , Zhu Guanghui , Ren BaoMing , Sun Xuan
Published: March 2023

We describe a magnetic mirror device, namely, the Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity (KMAX), which aims to study new approaches to confine and stabilize the mirror plasma as well as basic plasma research. KMAX consists of one central cell, two side cells, and two end chambers at two ends of the device. For the central cell, the mirror-to-mirror distance is 5.2 m, while the central cylinder is 2.5 m in length and 1.2 m in diameter. The plasmas are generated by two washer guns located in the end chambers, which subsequently flow into the central cell and merge there. The density in the central cell is usually adjusted by changing the magnetic field strength inside the side cell, and it ranges from 1017 to 1019 m−3, depending on the experimental requirement. Ion cyclotron frequency heating with two 100 kW transmitters is routinely used to heat up the ions. Plasma controls mainly rely on configuring the magnetic geometry and rotating magnetic fields to improve the confinement and suppress instability. Routine diagnostics, such as probes, interferometers, spectrometers, diamagnetic loops, and bolometers, are also reported in this paper.
Controlled generation and detection of a thermal bias in Corbino devices under the quantum Hall regime
Authors: Real M. A. , Tonina A. , Arrachea L. , Giudici P. , Reichl C. , Wegscheider W. , Dietsche W.
Published: March 2023

We present an experimental technique to generate and measure a temperature bias in the quantum Hall effect of GaAs/AlGaAs Corbino samples. The bias is generated by injecting an electric current at a central resistive heater, and the resulting radial temperature drop is determined by conductance measurements at internal and external concentric rings. The experimental results agree with the predictions of numerical simulations of the heat flow through the substrate. We also compare these results with previous predictions based on the thermoelectric response of these devices.
Stability and bifurcations of complex vibrations in a nonlinear brush-seal rotor system
Authors: Xu Yeyin , Zhao Runchao , Jiao Yinghou , Chen Zhaobo
Published: March 2023

A brush seal has the advantages of adapting to different vibration conditions and increasing the stability of the nonlinear rotor system. In this research, the stability and bifurcations of complex vibrations in a brush-seal rotor system are studied. An analytical seal force model is obtained through the beam theory and mutual coupling dynamics of the bristles and the rotor. The interaction between the bristles and the rotor is clearly depicted by a geometric map. Periodic and chaotic vibrations as well as the corresponding amplitude–frequency characteristics are first predicted by a numerical bifurcation diagram and 3D waterfalls. Discrete dynamic eigenvalue analysis is adopted for a detailed investigation of the stability and bifurcations of nonlinear vibrations. Jumping, quasi-periodic, and half-frequency vibrations are warned during the speeding up and down process. Four separate nonlinear vibration evolving routes are discovered. Two period-doubling bifurcation trees evolving to chaos are illustrated for the observation of global and independent periodic vibrations. Nonlinear vibration illustrations are presented through displacement orbits as well as harmonic amplitudes and phases. Chaotic vibration and unstable semi-analytical vibration solutions are compared. The obtained results and analysis methods provide new perspectives on nonlinear vibrations in the brush-seal rotor system.
Wave–particle interaction in contact with a chaotic thermostat
Authors: Morales G. J. , Li Z.
Published: March 2023

This numerical investigation explores the properties of the wave–particle interaction in a situation in which the particle is simultaneously in contact with a chaotic thermostat [G. J. Morales, Phys. Rev. E 99, 062218 (2019)]. The role of the thermostat is to establish a Maxwellian velocity distribution function through deterministic chaotic orbits. The particle response is quantified by calculating the complex mobility, μk, ω, from the numerically obtained orbits for a wave of constant amplitude, with wave number k and frequency ω. It is found that in the limit of weak coupling to the thermostat, the behavior is that predicted by the plasma dispersion function, which implies collisionless Landau damping. As the coupling to the thermostat is increased (equivalent to increasing collisionality), the behavior follows the generalized collisional plasma dispersion function [Fried et al., Phys. Fluids 9, 292 (1966)]. For strong coupling, the response agrees with the Braginskii mobility. The nonlinear mobility associated with intermittent particle trapping is obtained for the various collisional regimes.
Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering by multicolor alternating-polarization bundle light in inertial confinement fusion
Authors: Liu Z. J. , Wang Qiang , Zhang W. S. , Li B. , Li P. , Zheng W. G. , Li X. , Li J. W. , Cao L. H. , Zheng C. Y. , Ding Y. K. , He X. T.
Published: March 2023

This study proposes a novel method to mitigate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) using multicolor alternating-polarization bundle light. The bundle light combines multiwavelength, spike trains of uneven duration and delay for a single beam to multicolor alternating polarization for bundle beams. SBS suppression is verified using a three-dimensional large-scale laser plasma code. The numerical results show that the SBS reflectivity can be decreased by nearly two orders in low density plasma. The proposed method can extend the repetition time of a single beam from several picoseconds to tens of picoseconds. Moreover, it has potential applications in inertial confinement fusion research.
Reservoir computing as digital twins for nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Kong Ling-Wei , Weng Yang , Glaz Bryan , Haile Mulugeta , Lai Ying-Cheng
Published: March 2023

We articulate the design imperatives for machine learning based digital twins for nonlinear dynamical systems, which can be used to monitor the “health” of the system and anticipate future collapse. The fundamental requirement for digital twins of nonlinear dynamical systems is dynamical evolution: the digital twin must be able to evolve its dynamical state at the present time to the next time step without further state input—a requirement that reservoir computing naturally meets. We conduct extensive tests using prototypical systems from optics, ecology, and climate, where the respective specific examples are a chaotic CO2 laser system, a model of phytoplankton subject to seasonality, and the Lorenz-96 climate network. We demonstrate that, with a single or parallel reservoir computer, the digital twins are capable of a variety of challenging forecasting and monitoring tasks. Our digital twin has the following capabilities: (1) extrapolating the dynamics of the target system to predict how it may respond to a changing dynamical environment, e.g., a driving signal that it has never experienced before, (2) making continual forecasting and monitoring with sparse real-time updates under non-stationary external driving, (3) inferring hidden variables in the target system and accurately reproducing/predicting their dynamical evolution, (4) adapting to external driving of different waveform, and (5) extrapolating the global bifurcation behaviors to network systems of different sizes. These features make our digital twins appealing in applications, such as monitoring the health of critical systems and forecasting their potential collapse induced by environmental changes or perturbations. Such systems can be an infrastructure, an ecosystem, or a regional climate system.
A novel convergence enhancement method based on online dimension reduction optimization
Authors: Cao Wenbo , Liu Yilang , Shan Xianglin , Gao Chuanqiang , Zhang Weiwei
Published: March 2023

Iterative steady-state solvers are widely used in computational fluid dynamics. Unfortunately, it is difficult to obtain steady-state solutions for unstable problems caused by physical instability and numerical instability. Optimization is a better choice for solving unstable problems because the steady-state solution is always the extreme point of optimization regardless of whether the problem is unstable or ill-conditioned, but it is difficult to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) due to too many optimization variables. In this study, we propose an online dimension reduction optimization method to enhance the convergence of the traditional iterative method to obtain the steady-state solutions of unstable problems. This method performs proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) on the snapshots collected from a few iteration steps of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, optimizes the POD mode coefficients to minimize the PDE residual to obtain a solution with a lower residual in the POD subspace, and then continues to iterate with the optimized solution as the initial value, repeating the above three steps until the residual converges. Several typical cases show that the proposed method can efficiently calculate the steady-state solution of unstable problems with both the high efficiency and robustness of the iterative method and the good convergence of the optimization method. In addition, this method avoids specific knowledge about the underlying numerical scheme of the CFD code and is easy to implement in almost any iterative solver with minimal code modification.
Quantitative analysis of multipactor threshold sensitivity to secondary emission yield of microwave devices
Authors: Lin Shu , Qu Hao , Xia Ning , Wong Patrick , Zhang Peng , Verboncoeur John , Cao Meng , Zhai Yonggui , Li Yongdong , Wang Hongguang
Published: March 2023

Multipactor occurrence essentially depends on the secondary emission property of the surface material, which is, thus, the requisite input for multipactor threshold prediction using the numerical and theoretical approaches. However, secondary emission yield (SEY) deviation in experimental measurements inevitably leads to uncertainty error in multipactor threshold prediction. Therefore, this paper presents a thorough quantitative analysis of multipactor threshold sensitivity to SEY including the effect of the device geometry, the multipactor mode, and the material type. Based on the statistical modeling, multipactor threshold voltages with respect to the SEY variation in critical SEY regions are calculated for both the parallel plates and coaxial lines with different multipactor orders and typical materials. Furthermore, the distribution of electron impact energy is also obtained to elucidate the underlying mechanism for the relevant sensitivity discrepancy. The result reveals that multipactor threshold is generally most sensitive to the energy region below the first crossover energy (E1), and this is changed to higher energies below the corresponding energy to the SEY maximum (Em) with a change in the device geometry, multipactor mode, or coating material. It is also found that the magnitude relation of the threshold sensitivity between different regions is radically determined with the distribution of electron impact energy, and the SEY variation close to Em merely affects the threshold result with a high multipactor order. This research provides useful reference for properly determining the threshold margin from the measurement error of SEY, thus promoting the performance optimization with multipactor prevention in the practical application of microwave devices.
Intelligent controller for unmanned surface vehicles by deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Lai Pengyu , Liu Yi , Zhang Wei , Xu Hui
Published: March 2023

With the development of the applications of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), USV automation technologies are attracting increasing attention. In the industry, through the subtask division, it is generally believed that course-keeping is a critical basic sub-system in a series of complex automation systems and affects USV automation performance to a great extent. By course-keeping, we mean USV adjusts its angle to the desired angle and keeps it. In recent decades, course-keeping has been mainly achieved through classical first principles technologies, such as proportion–integral–differential (PID) controllers, leading to extremely laborious parameter tuning, especially in changeable wave environments. With the emergence and extensive application of data-driven technologies, deep reinforcement learning is conspicuous in sequential decision-making tasks, but it introduces a lack of explainability and physical meaning. To take full advantage of the data-driven and first principles paradigm and easily extend to the industry, in this paper, we propose an intelligent adaptive PID controller enhanced by proximal policy optimization (PPO) to achieve USV high-level automation. We then further verify its performance in path-following tasks compared with the PID controller. The results demonstrate that the proposed controller inherits the merits of explainability from PID and excellent sequential decision making from PPO and possesses excellent disturbance rejection performance when facing the disturbance of a changeable wave environment.
Effect of inter-pore interference on liquid evaporation rates from nanopores by direct simulation Monte Carlo
Authors: Li Ran , Yan Ziqing , Xia Guodong
Published: March 2023

Liquid evaporation from micro/nanoscale pores is widely encountered in cutting-edge technologies and applications. Due to its two- or three-dimensional features, the nano-porous evaporation is less understood compared to the one-dimensional evaporation of a planar liquid surface. This paper reported a novel study of the inter-pore interference effect in nano-porous evaporation, clarifying the variation in the net evaporation rate from individual nanopores when the inter-pore distance, neighboring nanopore diameter, or liquid temperature were changed. Molecular simulation results showed that the reduction in inter-pore distance could enhance the evaporation rate from nanopores by augmenting the vapor convection effect and suppressing the condensation flux. This interference effect was more pronounced at lower evaporation intensity with the evaporation flux being different by up to 25% from the one-dimensional case. The inter-pore interference was equally observed for Knudsen numbers of 0.1 and 10. Additionally, the non-uniformity in nanopore size distribution had no influence on the evaporative mass flux within the present parameter range. The non-uniformity in nanopore temperatures, however, could affect the net evaporation from individual nanopores, similarly by modulating the vapor convection magnitude in adjacent to the interface and the condensation flux. The effect of inter-pore interference is found to be essential at low evaporation intensity, which is highly relevant in industrial applications such as water evaporation under atmospheric pressure.
Hydrodynamics of a slip-stick sphere with a non-axisymmetric patch
Authors: Biswas Shiba , Burada P. S. , Raja Sekhar G. P.
Published: March 2023

We study the low Reynolds number hydrodynamics of a slip-stick sphere suspended in an arbitrary ambient Stokes flow, whose surface is partitioned into two regions with different slip lengths. The fore-aft symmetry of the sphere breaks due to the varied slip length over the surface, which causes translational and rotational motion of the slip-stick sphere. An analytical solution is developed using the double curl method to evaluate Faxén's formulae for the hydrodynamic drag and torque exerted on the slip-stick sphere for the sub-cases, namely, (a) cap/strip model and (b) patch model. Subsequently, we compute the flow field, velocity, and rotation rate, which strongly depend on the slip lengths and configuration of the patch. As a specific example, we consider the slip-stick sphere immersed in a Poiseuille flow. For the cap/strip model, we find an optimal configuration for which the velocity of the slip-stick sphere is maximum compared to the slip-stick sphere with uniform slip. We also find configurations for which the velocity is independent of the slip lengths. Subsequently, in the patch model, we obtain the optimal azimuthal angles for the maximum rotation rate of the slip-stick sphere. We observe near-field deviations in streamlines due to the heterogeneous nature of the surface of the slip-stick sphere. These findings help design efficient artificial passive swimmers with prescribed slip lengths.
Vertical growth dynamics of biofilms
Authors: Bravo Pablo , Lung Ng Siu , MacGillivray Kathryn A. , Hammer Brian K. , Yunker Peter J.
Published: March 2023

During the biofilm life cycle, bacteria attach to a surface and then reproduce, forming crowded, growing communities. Many theoretical models of biofilm growth dynamics have been proposed; however, difficulties in accurately measuring biofilm height across relevant time and length scales have prevented testing these models, or their biophysical underpinnings, empirically. Using white light interferometry, we measure the heights of microbial colonies with nanometer precision from inoculation to their final equilibrium height, producing a detailed empirical characterization of vertical growth dynamics. We propose a heuristic model for vertical growth dynamics based on basic biophysical processes inside a biofilm: diffusion and consumption of nutrients and growth and decay of the colony. This model captures the vertical growth dynamics from short to long time scales (10 min to 14 d) of diverse microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi.
Cryo-EM structure of the human chemerin receptor 1–Gi protein complex bound to the C-terminal nonapeptide of chemerin
Authors: Wang Junlin , Chen Geng , Liao Qiwen , Lyu Wenping , Liu Aijun , Zhu Lizhe , Du Yang , Ye Richard D.
Published: March 2023

Chemerin is a processed protein that acts on G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for its chemotactic and adipokine activities. The biologically active chemerin (chemerin 21-157) results from proteolytic cleavage of prochemerin and uses its C-terminal peptide containing the sequence YFPGQFAFS for receptor activation. Here we report a high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of human chemerin receptor 1 (CMKLR1) bound to the C-terminal nonapeptide of chemokine (C9) in complex with Gi proteins. C9 inserts its C terminus into the binding pocket and is stabilized through hydrophobic interactions involving its Y1, F2, F6, and F8, as well as polar interactions between G4, S9, and several amino acids lining the binding pocket of CMKLR1. Microsecond scale molecular dynamics simulations support a balanced force distribution across the whole ligand–receptor interface that enhances thermodynamic stability of the captured binding pose of C9. The C9 interaction with CMKLR1 is drastically different from chemokine recognition by chemokine receptors, which follow a two-site two-step model. In contrast, C9 takes an “S”-shaped pose in the binding pocket of CMKLR1 much like angiotensin II in the AT1 receptor. Our mutagenesis and functional analyses confirmed the cryo-EM structure and key residues in the binding pocket for these interactions. Our findings provide a structural basis for chemerin recognition by CMKLR1 for the established chemotactic and adipokine activities.
The relationships between individual differences in working memory and language analytical ability and the effectiveness of different types of corrective feedback
Authors: Sato Yusuke
Published: March 2023

This study examined the relationships between individual differences in the executive component of working memory, and language analytical ability and the effectiveness of recasts, explicit correction and, metalinguistic prompts on the second-language (L2) development of the English past progressive. Participants were 155 Japanese learners of English, who were divided into recast, explicit correction, metalinguistic prompt, and task-only groups. The treatment groups completed tasks that required past progressive usage and received feedback. The executive component of working memory and language analytical ability were measured by the reading span test and LLAMA F. The outcome measures were an untimed grammaticality judgment test (UGJT) and elicited imitation test (EIT), which measured the participants’ declarative and procedural knowledge, respectively. The participants performed the pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest. Multiple regression analyses showed that the executive component of working memory was significantly associated with the gain scores of the UGJT for the recast group and with the gain scores of the EIT for the metalinguistic prompt group. Language analytical ability was not associated with gain scores regardless of the test type for all groups.
Gatemon Qubit Based on a Thin InAs-Al Hybrid Nanowire
Authors: Huo Jierong , Xia Zezhou , Li Zonglin , Zhang Shan , Wang Yuqing , Pan Dong , Liu Qichun , Liu Yulong , Wang Zhichuan , Gao Yichun , Zhao Jianhua , Li Tiefu , Ying Jianghua , Shang Runan , Zhang Hao
Published: March 2023

We study a gate-tunable superconducting qubit (gatemon) based on a thin InAs-Al hybrid nanowire. Using a gate voltage to control its Josephson energy, the gatemon can reach the strong coupling regime to a microwave cavity. In the dispersive regime, we extract the energy relaxation time T
1 ∼ 0.56 μs and the dephasing time

T
2
*

∼
0.38

μs. Since thin InAs-Al nanowires can have fewer or single sub-band occupation and recent transport experiment shows the existence of nearly quantized zero-bias conductance peaks, our result holds relevancy for detecting Majorana zero modes in thin InAs-Al nanowires using circuit quantum electrodynamics.
Relativistic theory of elastic bodies in the presence of gravitational waves
Authors: Hudelist Mario , Mieling Thomas B , Palenta Stefan
Published: March 2023

The equations of motion governing small elastic oscillations of materials, induced by gravitational waves, are derived from the general framework of Carter and Quintana. In transverse-traceless gauge, no bulk forces are present, and the gravitational wave is found to act as an effective surface traction. For thin rods, an equivalent description is given, in which there is no surface traction, but a bulk acceleration, which is related to the Riemann curvature of the gravitational wave. The resulting equations are compared to those of the Synge–Bennoun elasticity theory.
A bagging-strategy based heterogeneous ensemble deep neural networks approach for the multiple components fault diagnosis of hydraulic systems
Authors: Wang Junlang , Xu Huoyao , Liu Jie , Peng Xiangyu , He Chaoming
Published: March 2023

Hydraulic systems faults have the characteristics of being highly concealed and unclear. Due to the characteristics of the complex vibration transmission mechanism and strong nonlinear time-varying signals in hydraulic systems, it is extremely difficult to achieve fault diagnosis for hydraulic systems. Different components of the system can fail individually or simultaneously. Signal processing faces the problem of coupling between multi-component faults, which makes it more difficult to realise multi-component fault diagnosis. On the one hand, existing techniques rely on hand-designed features and only use a traditional single shallow machine model as the base classifier, and these do not have the ability to self-learn meaningful features. On the other hand, the diagnostic performance of a single base classifier sometimes does not meet engineering requirements. To handle the above problems, a bagging strategy based heterogeneous ensemble deep neural networks (DNNs) approach is proposed for the multiple components fault diagnosis of hydraulic systems. First, Pearson correlation coefficient and neighbourhood component analysis are developed for data channel selection and feature dimensionality reduction. Second, two distinct DNNs are constructed as base learners: a stacked sparse autoencoder and a deep hierarchical extreme-learning machine. Finally, a bagging strategy is adopted to integrate different DNNs to obtain robust diagnostic results. The results from this experiment demonstrate that the proposed method can precisely diagnose hydraulic system faults compared with comparative methods.
Early sub-surface fault detection in rolling element bearing using acoustic emission signal based on a hybrid parameter of energy entropy and deep autoencoder
Authors: Wang Yu , Hestmo Rune Harald , Vinogradov Alexei
Published: March 2023

Bearings are a crucial component of wind turbines. The acoustic emission (AE) technique offers the advantage of earlier detection of defects and failures of bearings in comparison to traditional vibration techniques. Parameter-based analysis is the most widely used approach to interpret AE waveforms, partly due to the challenges arising in the processing of large amounts of streaming data. In this work, the AE technique is applied to monitor a run-to-failure process of a roller bearing, and it is found that the use of multiple known parameters, such as the root mean square, skewness, crest factor, impulse factor etc, fails to characterise the evolution of the acquired AE signals, thus highlighting the long-standing necessity and significance of developing new AE indicators that are more adequate to detect the failure of rotating machines. We propose a hybrid parameter—the information entropy penalty factor (IEPF)—which uses the advantages of the entropy theory and deep learning methods. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been investigated and demonstrated for roller bearing contact fatigue experiments, and the results show that IEPF can timely and accurately detect the incipient sub-surface faults.
Road classification using 3D LiDAR sensor on vehicle
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhao Dingxuan , Zhang Hanyang
Published: March 2023

Road classification is essential in outdoor vehicle perception systems to evaluate driving scenarios. A light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor can provide accurate measurements of an environment composed of range, intensity, and angular information. This study proposes a weakly supervised learning algorithm for classifying road surface types based on laser measurements. The proposed algorithm first separates the laser points on the road surface based on the angular structure of the initial range measures obtained using 3D LiDAR in a noniterative manner. Then, a physical-data-driven model that represents the retroreflective nature of the different surface types is abstracted from the intensity measures and their factors. The linear regression parameters of the model are employed as feature descriptions of the road surface. The K-means method is used to classify the different road types. The learning process requires weak supervision at the training centroid stage and is robust to new road types. The classification performance was evaluated in different outdoor scenarios, and the classification accuracies exceeded 98%. The proposed algorithm outperforms similar existing methods, performs at the same frequency as that of LiDAR, and can be implemented in real time.
DNA lattice growth with single, double, and triple double-crossover boundaries by stepwise self-assembly
Authors: Raza Muhammad Tayyab , Tandon Anshula , Park Suyoun , Lee Sungjin , Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc , Vu Thi Hong Nhung , Park Sung Ha
Published: March 2023

Construction of various nanostructures with nanometre-scale precision through various DNA building blocks depends upon self-assembly, base-pair complementarity and sequence programmability. During annealing, unit tiles are formed by the complementarity of base pairs in each strand. Enhancement of growth of target lattices is expected if seed lattices (i.e. boundaries for growth of target lattices) are initially present in a test tube during annealing. Although most processes for annealing DNA nanostructures adopt a one-step high temperature method, multi-step annealing provides certain advantages such as reusability of unit tiles and tuneability of lattice formation. We can construct target lattices effectively (through multi-step annealing) and efficiently (via boundaries) by multi-step annealing and combining boundaries. Here, we construct efficient boundaries made of single, double, and triple double-crossover DNA tiles for growth of DNA lattices. Two unit double-crossover DNA tile-based lattices and copy-logic implemented algorithmic lattices were introduced to test the growth of target lattices on boundaries. We used multi-step annealing to tune the formation of DNA crystals during fabrication of DNA crystals comprised of boundaries and target lattices. The formation of target DNA lattices was visualized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The borders between boundaries and lattices in a single crystal were clearly differentiable from AFM images. Our method provides way to construct various types of lattices in a single crystal, which might generate various patterns and enhance the information capacity in a given crystal.
Vascular wall motion detection models based on long short-term memory in plane-wave-based ultrasound imaging
Authors: Seo Jeongwung , Nguon Leang Sim , Park Suhyun
Published: March 2023

Objective. Vascular wall motion can be used to diagnose cardiovascular diseases. In this study, long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks were used to track vascular wall motion in plane-wave-based ultrasound imaging. Approach. The proposed LSTM and convolutional LSTM (ConvLSTM) models were trained using ultrasound data from simulations and tested experimentally using a tissue-mimicking vascular phantom and an in vivo study using a carotid artery. The performance of the models in the simulation was evaluated using the mean square error from axial and lateral motions and compared with the cross-correlation (XCorr) method. Statistical analysis was performed using the Bland–Altman plot, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression in comparison with the manually annotated ground truth. Main results. For the in vivo data, the median error and 95% limit of agreement from the Bland–Altman analysis were (0.01, 0.13), (0.02, 0.19), and (0.03, 0.18), the Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.97, 0.94, and 0.94, respectively, and the linear equations were 0.89x + 0.02, 0.84x + 0.03, and 0.88x + 0.03 from linear regression for the ConvLSTM model, LSTM model, and XCorr method, respectively. In the longitudinal and transverse views of the carotid artery, the LSTM-based models outperformed the XCorr method. Overall, the ConvLSTM model was superior to the LSTM model and XCorr method. Significance. This study demonstrated that vascular wall motion can be tracked accurately and precisely using plane-wave-based ultrasound imaging and the proposed LSTM-based models.
A new efficient approach for the calculation of cross-sections with application to Yukawa potential
Authors: Lin Chengliang , He Bin , Wu Yong , Wang Jianguo
Published: March 2023

Large-scale and systematic calculations of scattering amplitudes and cross-sections for charged particle collisions are of fundamental importance for understanding the physical properties of materials in different research fields. However, the elaborated theoretical methods for cross-sections are generally restricted to a finite range of impact energies. Here, we present an efficient approach for the calculation of the scattering amplitude and cross-sections ranging from low to high collision energies based on the variable phase method, where the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin and Born approximations for scattering phase shifts (SPSs) are incorporated into the numerical algorithm to alleviate the computational cost. For this purpose, quantitative criteria for the validity of these approximations are established based on the properties of the turning points of the potentials. For different scattering potentials, the corresponding planes can be established as a guideline to select the optimal combination for calculating the scattering amplitude and cross-section. The demand for quantum treatment of phase shifts is reduced by one to two orders of magnitude, which strongly benefits the computation of cross-sections for high-energy scattering. It has been found that the quantum treatment for SPSs is necessary near the quantum states involving quantum tunneling and resonance. To testify the validity of the approach, the SPSs and also transport cross-sections are calculated for Yukawa potentials, and good agreements are obtained in comparison with other available high-precision calculations. The proposed numerical approach can be straightforwardly generalized to other scattering potentials and permits one to efficiently calculate the scattering cross-sections for a large energy range.
A reconfigurable and automatic platform for the on-demand production of stretchable conductive composites
Authors: Lu Hongda , Zhang Qingtian , Huang Xumin , Cole Tim , Yun Guolin , Zhang Yuxin , Qiao Ruirui , Li Weihua , Tang Shi-Yang
Published: March 2023

Stretchable conductive composites (SCCs) have been widely used as interconnects and sensors in stretchable electronic devices due to their tunable electromechanical properties and intrinsically high stretchability compared to solid metals. SCCs can be readily made by mixing (or breaking bulk) conductive fillers within an elastomeric polymer, which are subsequently cured. Despite the simplicity of this, most fabrication methods follow customized protocols and lack precise automatic control. These methods also require bulky and costly equipment (e.g. stirrers, mixers, ovens, and vacuuming machines). Also, variations in the production process make it challenging to maintain the consistency of SCC’s electrical and mechanical properties produced in different batches. To solve this problem, this work develops an automatic SCC production platform (ASPP) that can be programmed to produce SCCs with high consistency in properties. The versatility of ASPP is demonstrated by fabricating SCCs with single and hybrid fillers, and porous structures. The consistency of SCCs’ electromechanical properties is examined using samples fabricated in different batches following the same protocol. We further utilize the fabricated SCCs to realize various intelligent tactile sensing and heating platforms. The capability demonstrated for the ASPP shows its potential in fabricating SCCs for applications in soft robotics and wearable devices.
Effects of strong spin-orbit coupling on Shiba states from magnetic adatoms using first-principles theory
Authors: Park Kyungwha , Nyari Bendeguz , Laszloffy Andras , Szunyogh Laszlo , Ujfalussy Balazs
Published: March 2023

Magnetic impurities at surfaces of superconductors can induce bound states referred to as Yu–Shiba–Rusinov states (i.e. Shiba states) within superconducting (SC) gaps. For superconductors with strong spin–orbit coupling (SOC), Shiba states arising from even single magnetic adatoms are too complex to be fully understood using effective models alone because SOC cannot be treated perturbatively and multiple orbitals are strongly mixed with spin projections. Here we investigate Shiba states of single magnetic adatoms at the surface of strongly spin-orbit coupled SC Pb, by solving the fully relativistic Dirac–Bogoliubov–de Gennes equations using multiple scattering Green’s function methods. For Fe and Co adatoms on Pb(110), we show that the Shiba states are better characterized by total angular momentum, J, and its projections on the z axis, m

J
. As a hallmark of the SOC effect, the Shiba states show a strong dependence of the orientation of the adatom moment. As the orientation of the Fe/Co moment changes, the deepest Shiba states merge at zero energy. This zero-energy state disappears with an additional non-magnetic adatom next to the magnetic adatom, although the other Shiba states unchange. For a Mn adatom on Pb, our Shiba states overall agree with experiments. The characteristics of our Shiba states are also observed with the similar energies and characters in the experiments. The deepest Shiba states that we compute, however, do not appear as close to the Fermi level as the experimental data. It would be interesting to compute the Shiba states with continuously varying vertical distances of the Mn adatom from the surface or with varying the charge state of the adatom, and to calculate the spatial dependence of the spectral density. Our findings will be also useful for understanding of Shiba states for dimers and longer spin chains on the Pb surface considering noncollinear magnetic structures in them.
Redefining Beauty: A Qualitative Study Exploring Adult Women's Motivations for Lip Filler Resulting in Anatomical Distortion
Authors: Love Madeleine , Saunders Chloe , Harris Steven , Moon Zoe , Veale David
Published: March 2023

Background

Lip filler enhancement has fast become one of the most popular minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Motivations for “overtreatment” with lip fillers are poorly understood.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to explore female motivations for and experiences of procedures that achieve an aesthetic of distorted lip anatomy.

Methods

Twenty-four females who had undergone lip filler procedures resulting in strikingly distorted lip anatomy, determined by the Harris classification of filler spread, took part in semistructured interviews about their motivations, experiences, and perceptions related to lip fillers. A qualitative thematic analysis was carried out.

Results

Four major themes are discussed: (1) the normalization of lip fillers, (2) perceptual drift which is mediated by exposure to repetitive images of larger lips on social media, (3) perceived financial and social benefits of larger lips, and (4) the relation between mental health and seeking repeated lip filler procedures.

Conclusions

Motivations for seeking lip fillers vary, but most subjects described social media impacting perceived aesthetic norms. A process of perceptual drift occurs whereby mental schema encoding expectations of “natural” facial anatomy can adapt through repeated exposure to enhanced images. The results can inform aesthetic practitioners and policymakers seeking to understand and support those seeking minimally invasive cosmetic procedures.
The influence of the microbiome on aggressive behavior: an insight into age-related aggression
Authors: Gulledge Laura , Oyebode Damilola , Donaldson Janet R
Published: March 2023

Aggression is a complex psychological program that is influenced by genetics, environment, and psychological history. Research has shown that the hormonal levels in the body and the development of the brain can be major predictors of aggression. This review highlights recent studies that have connected the gut microbiome to alterations in hormones and brain development and how this can impact aggression. This paper also provides a systematic review on studies that directly assess the connection between the gut microbiome and aggression and reviews these connections in relation to age. We conclude with future directions that are needed to further determine the link between the microbiome and aggression among adolescents.
How to think about and do successful research What you probable did not learn when you first entered the laboratory
Authors: Cooper Terrance G
Published: March 2023

There is a logic to doing successful research, but graduate students and indeed postdoctoral fellows and young independent investigators often learn it apprentice style, by experience. The purpose of this essay is to provide the product of that experience and advice that I have found useful to young researchers as they begin their training and careers.
Nicotinamide riboside rescues dysregulated glycolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation in a human hepatic cell model of citrin deficiency
Authors: Yau Winifred W , Chen Gao Bin , Zhou Jin , Francisco Joel Celio , Thimmukonda Nivetha Kanakaram , Li Shang , Singh Brijesh Kumar , Yen Paul Michael
Published: March 2023

Citrin deficiency (CD) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by loss-of-function of the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate transporter, CITRIN, which is involved in both the urea cycle and malate–aspartate shuttle. Patients with CD develop hepatosteatosis and hyperammonemia but there is no effective therapy for CD. Currently, there are no animal models that faithfully recapitulate the human CD phenotype. Accordingly, we generated a CITRIN knockout HepG2 cell line using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas 9 genome editing technology to study metabolic and cell signaling defects in CD. CITRIN KO cells showed increased ammonia accumulation, higher cytosolic ratio of reduced versus oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and reduced glycolysis. Surprisingly, these cells showed impaired fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial activity. CITRIN KO cells also displayed increased cholesterol and bile acid metabolism resembling those observed in CD patients. Remarkably, normalizing cytosolic NADH:NAD+ ratio by nicotinamide riboside increased glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation but had no effect on the hyperammonemia suggesting the urea cycle defect was independent of the aspartate/malate shuttle defect of CD. The correction of glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism defects in CITRIN KO cells by reducing cytoplasmic NADH:NAD+ levels suggests this may be a novel strategy to treat some of the metabolic defects of CD and other mitochondrial diseases.
‘Hindu civilization’ in business: the World Hindu Economic Forum's intellectual project
Authors: Nartok Esra Elif
Published: March 2023

Scholarly debates on ‘civilization states’ now include India as a potential exemplar, in light of the Bharatiya Janata Party's (BJP) insistence on a greater Hindu culture and tradition rooted in ancient India. Most of these debates are located in politico-cultural contexts, whereas this article does something different. It examines an economic organization, the World Hindu Economic Forum (WHEF), which centres its business strategy and identity around the rhetoric of civilization. WHEF is a distinctive and understudied transnational elite platform that has organic connections with the BJP and Hindu nationalist circles around the world. Drawing on WHEF documentation and interviews with WHEF members, and employing a Gramscian approach, this article sheds light on three social aspects of utilizing the civilizational rhetoric in WHEF's business strategy: a justification of development rooted in the past, a claim of superiority over the West, and a promise of development for the future. It argues that all three aspects make up a particular elite conception of the world shaped around the WHEF members' ideological and material interests. Based on this elite agency, this article argues that the rhetoric of civilization is a product of today's existing global political economy and ultimately serves to reinforce Hindu nationalist sentiments along with neo-liberal market-oriented ideas.
India's civilizational arguments in south Asia: from Nehruvianism to Hindutva
Authors: Chatterjee Shibashis , Das Udayan
Published: March 2023

India has used civilizational discourses as part of its foreign policy to articulate its rise and rightful place in the world order. This article primarily examines India's civilizational arguments in south Asia. India's civilizational arguments in the region demand scrutiny as the neighbourhood is a theatre of contestation between territorial India and the claims of its civilizational space. Analysing historical accounts on Indian civilization, official documents and domestic narratives in India about south Asia, the article makes three points. First, India's civilizational articulation oscillates between two paradigmatic and contrasting representations of Nehruvianism and Hindutva variants. Second, it is argued that despite the ascendancy of Hindutva's civilizational symbolism since 2014, India's south Asia policy shows no paradigmatic change. Finally, it points to how the Hindutva project may be detrimental to India's self-image and dealings in south Asia. The article argues that while there is no official corroboration of Hindutva's claims in India's south Asia policy, the increasing salience of the domestic discussions around Akhand Bharat (undivided India) invites complications for India in its neighbourhood. India's Hindutva-driven civilizational claims raise anxieties of an Indian cultural hegemony in an asymmetric region splintered across territorial and nationalistic lines.