bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TELEvir Field Protocol v1
Authors: S Fomsgaard Anna
Published: June 2023

The TELE-Vir project key aim is to develop a fast point-of-incidence (poi) toolbox for identification and characterisation of emerging virus threats for humans and/or domestic and wildlife animals. Presented here is a protocol including sample pretreatment, NA extraction and random amplification for metagenomic virus detection using the MinION device (Oxford Nanopore Technologies)
Implant Surgery: Chronic recoverable Neuropixels in mice v2
Authors: A Aery Jones Emily
Published: June 2023

This protocol collection explains how to build a low-cost, lightweight system to implant 1 Neuropixels 1.0 probe or 2 Neuropixels 2.0 probes into mice, record during freely moving behavior, then recover the probes for future use. This protocol explains how to implant Neuropixels probes, previously prepared by following the Assembly protocol instructions, in a mouse. See full collection for more details.
Attention Bias to Emotional Expression: Variations Based on Anxiety Tendency and Depression Tendency
Authors: Kim Yeongeun , Lee Yoonhyoung , Tae Jini , Lee Wonhye
Published: June 2023

Background: This study examined whether automatic attention bias toward emotional stimuli differs among individuals with varying anxiety and depression levels in the non-clinical population.Methods: A total of 494 participants from the community completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). The dot-probe task was conducted to compare attention biases when emotional stimuli appeared before the target versus neutral stimuli did.Results: There were differences in attention bias based on the stimuli types, even among the non-clinical community. The anxiety tendency group showed attention bias towards positive expressions, while the depression tendency group showed attention bias toward negative expressions. The group with anxiety and depression tendencies showed mixed characteristics observed in both the anxiety and depression groups.Conclusions: This study showed that attention bias toward emotional stimuli is an information-processing bias influenced by an individual’s internal state. This study contributes to the understanding of attention bias differences among groups based on anxiety and depression tendencies in non-clinical population of various ages.
Yapay sinir ağları kullanılarak fotovoltaik sistemin maksimum güç noktası takibi
Authors: KARAGÖZOĞLU Leyla , DURANAY Zeynep Bala
Published: June 2023

Bu çalışmada, bir fotovoltaik sistemin yapay sinir ağı kullanılarak maksimum güç noktası takibinin benzetimi yapılmıştır. Fotovoltaik sistemlere olan ilgi, fosil kaynakların yetersizliği ve enerjiye olan talebin yükselmesi ile giderek artmaktadır. Fotovoltaik sistem performansının çevre koşullarına göre değişmesi, sistem verimliliğini düşürmektedir. Bunun önüne geçmek, maksimum güç noktasına ulaşmakla mümkündür. Sistemi maksimum güç noktasında çalıştırmaya yönelik birçok teknik geliştirilmiştir. Yapay zekanın yaygınlaşmasıyla, maksimum güç noktası tespitinde akıllı sistemler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Akıllı sistemlerden biri olan yapay sinir ağı, öğrenebilme, genelleme yapabilme ve karar verme kabiliyetine sahiptir. Bu çalışmada giriş değişkenleri sıcaklık ve ışınım olan bir yapay sinir ağı ile maksimum güç noktası tespit edilmektedir. Sistemin benzetimi MATLAB/Simulink ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Levenberg-Marquardt algoritmasının kullanıldığı ağın eğitiminde, %70’i eğitim, %15’i geçerlilik ve %15’i test aşamalarında olmak üzere toplam 1000 veri kullanılmıştır. Işınımın 1000W/m2’den 200W/m2’ye belirli aralıklarla azaltıldığı sistemde, fotovoltaik panelin gücünün 225.1W’dan 46.9W’a, yükseltici konvertör gücünün 220.9W’dan 45.75W’a kadar azaldığı izlenmiştir. Sıcaklığın 25°C’den 45°C’ye belirli aralıklarla arttırıldığı sistemde, fotovoltaik panel gücünün 225.1W’dan 194.6W’a, yükseltici konvertörün gücünün 220.9W’dan 190.7W’a kadar azaldığı görülmüştür. Sabit ışınım (1000W/m2) ve sıcaklık (25°C) değerlerinde, sistem %98 ile en yüksek verim değerine sahiptir. Sabit sıcaklık ve farklı ışınım koşullarında, sistem verimi incelenmiş, ışınım değeri azaldıkça sistem veriminin azaldığı görülmüştür. Benzer olarak, sabit ışınım ve farklı sıcaklık koşulları altında, sıcaklık artışının sistem veriminin azalmasına neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, yapay sinir ağı tabanlı maksimum güç noktası izleme sistemine sahip fotovoltaik sistemin, değişen çevre koşullarında maksimum güç noktasını izlediğini göstermektedir.
Soğuk iklim bölgelerinde LEED sertifikalı eğitim binasının pandemi bağlamında değerlendirilmesi
Authors: CELİK Ali
Published: June 2023

Günümüzde insanlar hayatlarının büyük bir kısmını kapalı ortamlarda geçirmektedir. Bunun için kullanıcılarının sağlığını da doğrudan etkilemesi bakımından, binaların pandemiye karşı dayanımlı olması gerekir. Aynı zamanda binalarda bulaşma ve bulaşma hızının azaltılması yönünde gerekli önlemlerin de alınması da şarttır. Yine eğitim binaları da hastalıkların bulaşma olasılıklarının ve yayılma hızlarının yüksek olduğu binalardır. Bu nedenle bütüncül bakış açsıyla eğitim binalarında SARS-CoV-2 virüsünün içeri girme olasılığının ve yayılım ile öğrencilere bulaş riskinin azaltılması için yeterli tedbirlerin alınması gerekir. Bu çalışmada; Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi kampüsündeki uluslararası LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) yeşil bina sertifikasına sahip Mühendislik ve Mimarlık Fakültesi binasının SARS-CoV-2 virüs risk yönetimi ve iç ortam hava kalitesi parametrelerinin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virüsünün bulaşma ve bulaşma hızının azaltılması yönünde HVAC (Isıtma, havalandırma ve iklimlendirme) ile ilgili faktörlere bağlı olarak alınması gereken önlemlerin önemi vurgulanmıştır. Çalışmada amfi dersliklerde yapılan ölçümlerde; CO2 konsantrasyonları ortalama 645.68 ile 897.25 ppm aralığında, iç ortam sıcaklıkları 18 ile 24 °C aralığında, hava hızları 0.161 m/s ile 0.194 m/s aralığında ve bağıl nemin de %45.35rH ile %58,96 rH aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu değerlerin uluslararası standartlara uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçları; COVID-19 sürecinde yeşil binalarda eğitim ve öğretim faaliyetlerinin daha güvenli yürütülebileceğini göstermektedir. Yine LEED sertifika kriterlerinin pandemilere karşı güvence olduğu da belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar; eğitim binalarında gelecekte oluşabilecek pandemiye karşı iç hava kalitesi bakımından güvenlik önlemlerinin belirlenmesine de rehber olabilir.
Beyaz hindibadan (Cichorium intybus L.) antioksidan maddelerin ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyon parametrelerinin kemometrik optimizasyonu
Authors: AKLAN Açelya , AYBASTIER Önder
Published: June 2023

Beyaz hindiba yapraklarından fenolik bileşiklerin ultrasonik destekli ekstraksiyonu için deneysel koşulları optimize etmek amacıyla beş seviyeli beş faktörlü yanıt yüzey yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Yanıt verileri olarak toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan kapasite seçilerek beş bağımsız değişken; süre (dk), HCl derişimi (mol/L), sıcaklık (ºC), sıvı/katı oranı (mL/g) ve metanol derişimi (%) kullanılarak 48 deney gerçekleştirilmiştir. Optimizasyon sonucunda en yüksek toplam fenolik madde için optimum koşullar, sıcaklık 73 ºC, süre 69 dk, metanol derişimi %84, HCl derişimi 0.57 mol/L ve sıvı/katı oranı 33.97 mL/g olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek antioksidan kapasite için optimum koşullar sıcaklık 73 ºC, süre 69 dk, metanol derişimi %85, HCl derişimi 0.47 mol/L ve sıvı/katı oranı 33.99 mL/g olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen optimum koşullarda gerçekleştirilen ekstraksiyon sonucunda elde edilen beyaz hindiba ekstraktının toplam fenolik madde içeriği 33.5±0.5 mg GAE/g kuru bitki ve antioksidan kapasite 7.2±0.1 mg TE/g kuru bitki olarak bulunmuştur.
SMOTE vs. KNNOR: An evaluation of oversampling techniques in machine learning
Authors: ABACI İsmet , YILDIZ Kazım
Published: June 2023

The increasing availability of big data has led to the development of applications that make human life easier. In order to process this data correctly, it is necessary to extract useful and valid information from large data warehouses through a knowledge discovery process in databases (KDD). Data mining is an important part of this and it involves discovering data and developing models that extract unknown patterns. The quality of the data used in supervised machine learning algorithms plays a significant role in determining the success of predictions. One factor that improves the quality of data is a balanced dataset, where the input values are distributed close to each other. However, in practice, many datasets are unbalanced. To overcome this problem, oversampling techniques are used to generate synthetic data that is as close to real data as possible. In this study, we compared the performance of two oversampling techniques, SMOTE and KNNOR, on a variety of datasets using different machine learning algorithms. Our results showed that the use of SMOTE and KNNOR did not always improve the accuracy of the model. In fact, on many datasets, these techniques resulted in a decrease in accuracy. However, on certain datasets, both SMOTE and KNNOR were able to increase the accuracy of the model. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of oversampling techniques varies depending on the specific dataset and machine learning algorithm being used. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the effectiveness of these methods on a case-by-case basis to determine the best approach for a given dataset and algorithm.
Maden sektörü iş sağlığı ve güvenliği mevzuatının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi
Authors: GÜNGÖR GÖKBOĞA Aydanur , KAHRAMAN Muhammet Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Çalışma koşullarının ağır, iş kazalarının fazla olduğu aynı zamanda da beden gücünün fazlasıyla kullanıldığı maden ocaklarında 18. yüzyılda sanayi devrimiyle beraber makineleşme artmıştır. Artan dünya nüfusu ve sanayileşme sebebiyle maden ve metallere olan talepler artmış ve ilk etapta üzerinde çok durulmayan iş sağlığı ve güvenliği konusu sanayinin geliştiği ülkelerde maddi kayıpların artışına neden olmuştur. Birçok insanın maden kazalarında öldüğü büyük felaketler sonrasında daha fazla gündeme gelmiştir. Yaşanan bu sorunlar üretimin ve verimin düşmesini de getirmiştir. Verimliliği arttırmak amacıyla iş güvenliğiyle ilgili kanunların çıkması ve iyileştirilmelerin yapılması gündeme alınmıştır. Türkiye’ye baktığımızda ise yakın geçmişte iş sağlığı ve güvenliği konusunda Avrupa Birliğine uyum amacıyla 2012 yılında kabul edilen ve yürürlüğe giren 6331 sayılı kanun iş güvenliği konusunda en kapsamlı çalışmadır. Ancak bu değişiklikler beklendiği gibi iş kazalarında istenen azalmayı sağlamamıştır. Bu çalışmada, madencilik faaliyetlerini güvenli ve verimli şekilde yapan ülkelerden bazıları olan; Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin ve Avustralya’nın madencilik sektöründeki yasal mevzuatlar ve maden iş kazalarına ilişkin istatistiksel bilgiler incelenmiştir. Bu ülkelere ait olan madencilikle alakalı mevzuat ve istatistikler Türkiye’nin bu alandaki yasal mevzuatları ve istatistikleriyle karşılaştırılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Son olarak ise yasal mevzuatın madencilikte iş güvenliğine olan etkisi tartışılmış ve öneriler sunulmuştur.
Metabolic Infrastructure of Pregnant Women with Fetuses Having Nervous System Abnormalities; Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Reçber Tuba , Nemutlu Emirhan , Aydın Emine , Cagan Murat , Dönmez Hanife Güler , Kır Sedef , Beksac M.sinan
Published: June 2023

Central nervous system diseases are neurological disorders that affect the structure or function of the brain and spinal cord that make up the central nervous system. In this study, it was aimed to examine the impaired/altered metabolomic profiles of pregnant women carrying fetuses with nervous system abnormalities (NSA). The study group consisted of 30 normal pregnancies with normal fetuses (control group) and 8 pregnancies with fetuses having NSA (study group), as determined by prenatal screening and diagnosis as part of an antenatal care program. Metabolomic analyses were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis was able to identify 95 metabolites and 27 of them were statistically significant between the two groups (p<0.05). Moreover, the pathway analysis, performed with significantly altered metabolites, showed alteration in the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle, aminoacyl t-RNA biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle, aminoacyl t-RNA biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism seem to be critical in the prenatal screening of NSAs. However, abnormality-specific studies are necessary for further recommendations.
Instability of the Knee Joint Before and After Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament According to the Questionnaire
Authors: Akhpashev Alexander A. , Skvortsov Dmitry V.
Published: June 2023

Background: The instability of the knee joint after a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in recent decades has acquired the character of a meme among Russian orthopedists with a very wide use and meaning. Aim: In this study, we tried to find out how often the phenomenon of instability occurs and how it can be associated with joint injury. Methods: The method of questioning, collecting anamnesis in patients at the primary orthopedic appointment and in patients after surgical reconstruction by the method of questioning was used. Results: The data collected in 433 patients with a verified rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament showed that 77% experienced a feeling of instability in the knee joint, and 19% did not experience them at all. Arthroscopic reconstruction was performed in 297 patients, 71 of them were surveyed. The period of time from surgery to questioning was 6.5 years on average. Not all patients can note the moment of injury. Even if there was an injury to the knee joint, 10% of patients do not note the development of instability immediately after injury. The duration of the sensation of instability in the knee joint after injury varies from one week to a year or more. The very moment of joint instability is accompanied by pain in more than half of the cases. At the same time, 12% of the respondents had no pain. A third of the respondents had never noted episodes of instability in the knee joint before surgical reconstruction. But 11% had such episodes daily. In the postoperative period, 27% note the recurrence of joint instability at different times. Conclusions: Thus, an ACL tear does not equal knee instability. Instability is not a condition, but a short-term episode that occurs during the period of support and leads to buckling of the limb.
Entomophagy as an alternative source of protein and a new food strategy
Authors: Shirolapov Igor V. , Maslova Olga A. , Barashkina Kseniya M. , Komarova Yuliya S. , Pyatin Vasiliy F.
Published: June 2023

With the projected growth of the world population, an increase in food production on a sustainable commercial scale, the search for alternative sources of protein and a shift to new eating strategies are needed. The article provides an overview of the existing relevant scientific information based on the analysis of publications in international (PubMed, MedLine, Google Scholar) and domestic (RSCI) electronic databases. The review considers the phenomenon of entomophagy as a potential solution to the problem of food shortage in the world, its biomedical, ecological, sociocultural, evolutionary and economic features. The species of the most commonly used edible insects and the countries in which insect biomass products have become traditional in the diet of the population are described. The nutritional value and consumer attitude to such products are highlighted. Insect biomass products are characterized by a high content of proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins and are superior in calories to traditional sources of animal and vegetable protein. In this regard, entomophagy has a preventive potential in the preparation of a diet and treatment for metabolic disorders, osteoporosis and other nosologies. The article notes gender differences in relation to adherence to entomophagy in Russia. Despite the revealed values of entomophagy, the issue of food safety for humans remains unresolved. Among the main concerns are the development of possible allergic reactions, the content of pathogenic microorganisms and harmful substances in the composition of food from insect biomass. The review presents the prospects for increasing the share of consumption of insect products and the economic benefits that the globalization of entomophagy will entail.
Reseña del libro: Fondos de conocimiento familiar e intervención educativa
Authors: Díaz-Freire Fátima María
Published: June 2023

Fondos de conocimiento familiar e intervención educativa: Comprender las circunstancias sociohistóricas de los estudiantes examina y pone de relieve la necesidad de que los centros escolares tengan en cuenta el entorno familiar de los alumnos en riesgo de exclusión social. El libro explora cómo la familia, los profesores y las escuelas pueden trabajar juntos para poner en común e intercambiar valiosos conocimientos y recursos educativos. El análisis teórico se acompaña de ejemplos prácticos de acciones educativas en distintos países y contextos, así como de una experiencia diseñada y aplicada por los autores en un contexto local.
Mapeo científico de la investigación a nivel mundial sobre riqueza socioemocional y empresas familiares
Authors: López Yurani , Ramírez Duván , Hernández Alejandro , Duque Pedro
Published: June 2023

El presente artículo tuvo como fin aportar a la literatura de empresa familiar al realizar un mapeo de investigación científica a nivel mundial sobre riqueza socioemocional, enfoque que contribuye a la gestión de las empresas familiares. Para ello, se realizó una consulta en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus y, a partir de un análisis bibliométrico y de redes, se establecieron países, autores, revistas y tendencias de investigación en el área. Los resultados muestran que estos conceptos han tomado relevancia en los últimos años; sin embargo, se requiere seguir madurando en términos teóricos y realizando estudios empíricos. Además, se establecieron cuatro perspectivas en las cuales se agrupa la atención de los investigadores en este campo de estudio. Finalmente, se exponen las contribuciones, limitaciones y futuros trabajos académicos relacionados con las empresas familiares y riqueza socioemocional.
Characteristics of Patience in Parents with Autistic Children: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Hidayat Ahmad , Azhar Muhammad , Anis Muhammad , Purnomo Halim , Muliadi Rahmad
Published: June 2023

The effectiveness of early intervention involving parents determines the success of services for children with autism. The study aims to deepen our understanding of how Muslim parents developed patience in educating, training, and teaching their autistic children. This study used phenomenology to explore the characteristics of patience in Muslim parents with autistic children in a low-income class. Respondents were four mothers who were actively caring for their children and registered with the Autism Service Center, a local autism service center in Riau Province. The findings showed the types of characteristics associated with patience. Parents with moderately autistic children are patient with self-control patterns. At the same time, the characteristics of patience in parents with severely autistic children are patience with patterns of grit, resilience, and hardiness. The overall characteristics of patience cannot be separated from the characteristics of voluntary patience, which come from the belief in Allah. The characteristics of patience contain an active patient characteristic.
Age and Comorbidities as The Main Factors of Mortality in Covid-19 Patients : A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Mas’udah Anni Fithriyatul , Purwanti Lina Ema , Ernawati Hery , Rohma Naylil Mawadda , Muslimah Vanesha Awaliya , Muslimah Vanesya Isnaya
Published: June 2023

Background: The high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients is associated with demographic factors and comorbid conditions. This is supported by research which shows that a history of comorbidities causes 88% of deaths in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.Consequently, it is important to identify factors associated with poor outcomes among COVID-19 patients.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the main factors that cause COVID-19 mortality in Indonesia.Methods: The research design used a retrospective cohort. The population of this study was all Covid-19 patients treated at the 'Aisiyah Ponorogo General Hospital from March to December 2021, totalling 881. The data was arrangedbased on the completeness of the medical records, and seven respondents had to be excluded due to incomplete data. Therefore, the total number of samples used was 874 patients. Data was analyzed using logistic regression.Result: The multivariate analysis showed that patients aged 46-65 years were 1.45 times greater potential to die than than patients who were 0-25 years old.  The risk factors for comorbidities had an effect on the mortality of patients with confirmed cases of COVID-19.The variables that had a significant effect on the mortality of COVID-19 included Diabetes mellitus (OR=1.36), Hypertension (OR = 1.78) and heart disease (OR = 1.4).Conclusion: The most common causes of mortality in Covid-19 patients are age and comorbidities diseases, there are diabetes mellitus, hypertension and heart disease
Study to assess the patterns of hypertension and factors influencing hypertension in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Subramanya Abhishek M. , Khan Mohammed Fahad , Ravindra Aditi
Published: June 2023

Background: A large proportion of CKD patients have inadequate BP control, and the proportions vary from studies to studies. Clinic BP is considered insufficient to diagnose HTN and monitor overall BP control because it does not correlate well with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), which encompasses white-coat or masked HTN. CKD is associated not only with an abnormal dipping pattern but also with white-coat or masked HTN. Objective of this study was to evaluate the factors influencing the blood pressure in chronic kidney disease patients.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in South India from 1st of January 2016 to 31st of July 2017. A total of 124 cases were included in the study.
Results: Among subjects with controlled HTN, 31.4% were overweight and 5.7% were Obese. Among Stage 3 CKD subjects, 53.7% had controlled HTN, 12.2% had masked HTN, 12.2% had persistent HTN. We reported that among those with proteinuria 2+, 38.5% had controlled HTN, 11.5% had masked HTN, 19.2% had persistent HTN and 30.8% had white coat HTN. In the study among diabetics, 17.5% had controlled HTN, 36.8% had masked HTN, 43.9% had persistent HTN and 1.8% had white coat HTN.
Conclusions: Stage of CKD, diabetes mellitus and proteinuria are determinants of hypertension in CKD patients. ABPM is the best method to monitor BP and hence in the proper management of HTN and in prevention of target organ damage in CKD patients.
Mucormycosis and COVID-19- black threat of the pandemic
Authors: Taneja Ashima , Singh Baljot , Kaura Sameer , Chawla Divjot Singh , Singh Gurvansh , Kaur Manpreet
Published: June 2023

Background: Cases of mucormycosis in people with COVID-19 have been increasingly reported world-wide, particular from India. Globally, the prevalence varied from 0.005 to 1.7 per million population. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 30 patients with biopsy-proven mucormycosis with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 from May 21 to April 2022. Clinical and paraclinical data including demography, underlying diseases, clinical features, corticosteroid use, sites of infection, co-infections, the time between COVID-19 and mucormycosis, clinical management were recorded.
Results: Data from a total of 30 patients post covid mucormycosis was analyzed. The majority of patients were male 70%, age group 30-55 years and were immunocompromised. All of them were diabetic. 80% patients had severe COVID-19 illness. 20% had mild-moderate infection. The average interval between COVID-19 infection and mucormycosis was 15-35 days. The most common was rhinorbital cerebral infection followed by pulmonary involvement. 2 patients had cutaneous mucormycosis. Systemic antifungals were used in all the patients. 12 out of 20 patients with rhinorbital cerebral mucormycosis underwent reconstructive surgery. Debridement was done in 2 patients with mucormycosis.
Conclusions: Our study concludes that CAM (COVID-19 associated mucormycosis) is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Systemic steroids are helpful in people with severe COVID-19 infection but they can also predispose them to secondary fungal diseases. Timely diagnosis and management are challenging but can be helpful if there is an early diagnosis of infection and control of comorbid conditions.
An observational descriptive study on the incidence, severity and outcome of different etiological varieties of acute pancreatitis in a rural based teaching hospital
Authors: Nandy Sagnik , Mondal Debashis , Biswas Arnab
Published: June 2023

Background: According to the 1992 Atlanta Symposium, acute pancreatitis (AP) is defined as an acute inflammatory process of the pancreas that may also involve peripancreatic tissues and remote organ systems.
Methods: It was an observational descriptive study. The study was from May 2012 to April 2013. The study was undertaken in the department of General Surgery of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital.
Results: In this study, we found that alcohol was the most common etiological factor present in 48.57% of patients, whereas gallstones come second being present in 31.42% cases. Among Indian studies, one found 60% cases being gallstone induced, while another found alcoholism as the most common cause. The study that found alcoholism as the most common cause of acute pancreatitis was also from Eastern India (West Bengal, to be precise). In our study, 17.14% cases of acute pancreatitis had to be classified as idiopathic pancreatitis, as no readily identifiable cause was found. In most series, 10-25% cases are found to be idiopathic. From results, it is seen that most cases of acute pancreatitis tend to occur in the age group 41-50 yrs (40%) followed by 31-40 yrs (34.28%).
Conclusions: This study was done to estimate the incidence of different etiological varieties of acute pancreatitis, to estimate the incidence of mild and severe acute pancreatitis and accordingly necessity for CT scan, to estimate the outcome in terms of cure, recurrence, morbidity and mortality. 35 patients of acute pancreatitis were enrolled for the study.
A study of clinico-microbiological profile and outcome of urinary tract infection in diabetic kidney disease in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Abdullah  , Amir Syed Hasan , Aslam Mohd , Zafar Khwaja Saifullah
Published: June 2023

Background: this study was done to give insight about the clinical and microbiological profile of UTI in DKD and its therapeutic outcome.
Methods: Patient known case of DKD presenting with signs and symptoms of UTI were included in study. Patients known case of diabetes having diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria with at least UACR of >30 mg/gm of creatinine were considered as having DKD.
Results: We found, most common presenting symptom was fever, present among 35 (47.29%) patients followed by increased frequency of urination among 30 (40.54%) patients. Burning micturition and dysuria/flank pain was present among 20 (27.02%) patients and 10 (13.51%) patients respectively, lower abdominal pain in 08 (10.81%) patients. 52 (70.27%) patients’ culture were sterile and 22 (29.73%) patients’ culture were non-sterile. Out of 22 patients of non-sterile cultures, 16 (72.72%) patients have lower UTI compared to 06 (27.27%) patients with Upper UTI. E. coli was the most common organism cultured in both types of UTIs. Fungal growth (Candida tropicalis) was seen in 03 (50%) patient, all were cases of upper UTI.
Conclusions: The clinical and microbiological profile of UTI in DKD doesn’t differ from UTI in diabetics and non-diabetics except for prolonged and severe course of disease. The microbiological susceptibility also doesn’t differ much. Lower age is associated with lower UTI. Upper urinary tract involvement is associated significantly with progression of CKD. Involvement of upper urinary tract should be sought in UTI in diabetics and patient with DKD and if found should be aggressively treated.
Accomplishments in external quality assurance scheme related to HIV testing of stand-alone state reference laboratory at a tertiary care institute of North India
Authors: Bansal Kunal , Aggarwal Ritu , Yadav Aparna , Paramhans
Published: June 2023

Background: Quality assurance (QA) implemented through quality management systems (QMS) is essential for HIV testing to ensure validity, reliability and accuracy of test results.  The Department of Microbiology, PGIMS Rohtak, is working as stand-alone SRL for 117 underlying integrated counselling and testing centres (ICTCs) in whole Haryana state and regularly conducts external quality assurance scheme (EQAS) programs including retesting, proficiency panel testing (PT), etc. in collaboration with National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) and Haryana State AIDS Control Society (HSACS). Objective of study was to assess and analyse data related to EQAS activities viz. retesting and proficiency panel testing of all linked ICTCs in Haryana
Methods: Retrospective study was conducted over a period of six years (2017-2022). PT was conducted twice a year whereas rechecking of samples was done at quarterly intervals. Testing was done as per NACO guidelines.
Results: Total 19113 samples were received and tested at SRL from underlying ICTCs for EQAS retesting. Out of this, 998 samples were HIV positive with no indeterminate result. SRL also provided 4052 panel sera to ICTCs. All results were 100% concordant. Participation of ICTCs increased from 80% in 2017 to around 98% in 2022 with constant support, supervision and monitoring from SRL.
Conclusions: Important cornerstone for containing HIV remains timely and accurate diagnosis. It becomes ethical responsibility of everyone connected with laboratory framework to diligently follow QMS protocols. This ensures patients are accurately diagnosed and treatment initiated timely, thereby fulfilling ultimate goal of ending HIV epidemic as major public health threat by 2030.
Awareness of stroke warning signs, risk factors and response to stroke: a hospital based survey
Authors: Lawrence Merlin R. , Wilson Robert
Published: June 2023

Background: Stroke is the third most common cause of mortality and a significant cause of disability in India. Knowledge about stroke risk factors, warning signs and appropriate response to stroke are important to reduce the morbidity. Aim was to evaluate the awareness and response to stroke among the public.
Methods: In this prospective, observational study, stroke awareness questioner was administered to 105 participants, who were relatives of patients without history of stroke attending the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.
Results: The mean age of the study participants was 49.7±11.9 years (range 24-69years) with 46 (44%) women. Thirty six percent of the subjects recognized brain as the affected organ in stroke. The common risk factors identified by the participants were diabetes mellitus in 30 (28.6%), hypertension in 27 (25.7%), high cholesterol in 15 (14.3%). Commonly identified warning signs were paralysis of one side of the body (56; 53%), deviation of mouth (21; 20%), speech impairment (17; 16%). On having/seeing a warning sign, 27 (25.7%) replied the appropriate response of rushing to emergency department of a hospital. Eleven (10.5%) were aware of clot lysis as the treatment for stroke and 9 (8.7%) the availability of this treatment at free of cost in Government hospitals in Tamil Nadu. Five (4.8%) participants responded that they should rush to hospital within the golden hour.
Conclusions: Knowledge about organ involved, etiology, and response to stroke warning signs are lacking and continuous education programs are necessary to improve the public awareness.
Comparison of I-gel and laryngeal mask airway classic in terms of ease of insertion and hemodynamic response: a randomised observational study
Authors: Sahaya Anupriya , Singh R. K. , Baser Nikita , Sharda Shilpa
Published: June 2023

Background: The gold standard technique for preserving a patent airway throughout anaesthesia is tracheal intubation. I-gel is a relatively new addition to the SADs. I-gel has combined the concept of the non-cuffed SADs like the SLIPA and gastric tube of the proseal LMA yet retaining the shape of laryngeal mask. Hence, we have compared ease of insertion, number and duration of insertion attempts among the two devices.
Methods: This study was conducted on patients undergoing elective surgery under GA in Pacific Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur. Patients were divided into two groups: group A= LMA classic, a variant of supraglottic airway device and group B= I-gel, a variant of supraglottic airway device. The two devices were than compared with respect to success rate of insertion, time taken for insertion and ease of gastric tube placement (number of attempts) and post-operative airway morbidity.
Results: Mean insertion time was 8.66±3.21 seconds in C-LMA and 6.49±1.92 seconds in I-gel (p<0.001). 97.14% was the success rate of single time attempt insertion with I-gel as compared to 88.57% in C-LMA. There was a failure rate of 11.43% in single attempt insertion with CLMA as compared to 2.86% with I-gel (p>0.05).
Conclusions: We hereby concluded with our study that successful and shorter duration of insertion, with less hemodynamic response, makes I-gel™ a suitable alternative to LMA classic™ during general anesthesia.
Correlation between value of Hba1c and degree of sensorineural hearing loss in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Kumar Prateek , Mishra Sarita Kumari , Prakash Ved , Singh Rakesh Kumar
Published: June 2023

Background: Diabetes mellitus and hearing loss are common public health problems. Sensorineural hearing loss in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is an underestimated complication. The aim was to study the correlation between level of HbA1c and degree of sensorineural hearing loss.
Methods: It was a cross sectional study carried on 130 known cases of T2DM, aged 25-50 years. Various confounding factors such as coexisting hypertension, ear disease, ototoxic drug intake, any neuropathic disorder was excluded in advance. All patients underwent clinical ear examination and pure tone audiometry test. Their level of HbA1c was measured. This value of HbA1c was correlated with the hearing threshold.
Results: Out of 130, 58 subjects had normal hearing while 72 had hearing impairment. Among subjects (72 out of 130) having hearing impairment, significant correlation (p-value 0.035 for right ear and 0.029 for left ear) between hearing threshold and HbA1c was found. Also, level of HbA1c significantly (p-value 0.049) correlated with degree of hearing loss.
Conclusions: Hearing loss is an underestimated complication of T2DM. This needs to be addressed with periodic hearing assessment of diabetes patients.
A case report: how to clarify fever with thrombocytopenia due to dengue or chronic liver disease?
Authors: Putra Made Sukma , Ketut Suryana
Published: June 2023

Fever and thrombocytopenia mostly associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever. But on certain condition of fever with thrombocytopenia, we still seek another etiology such as chronic liver disease. How to clarify between thrombocytopenia in dengue and chronic liver disease.
The influential factors of stunting in toddlers of Cianjur regency
Authors: Nur Nur Amaliah Ramadhani , Ekayanti Ikeu , Dwiriani Cesilia Meti , Khomsan Ali
Published: June 2023

Background: Nutritional problems had become the major problem for many developing countries such as in Indonesia. One of nutritional problems that brought high concern to date is stunting problem. Result from 2021 Indonesian nutritional status study stated the stunting prevalence of toddlers in Indonesia was 24.4%, where Cianjur regency as one example of regencies in West Java has fairly high stunting rate (33.7%).
Methods: This study is applying a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in May-July 2022 in Cianjur regency. As subjects of this study were 24-59 months toddlers who were selected by a method of clustered sampling. The research data was collected by questionnaires and a direct measurement method. Then, data analysis was conducted by Chi-square and logistic regression analysis.
Results: The result showed the prevalence number of stunting in Warungkondang district, Cianjur regency was 40.70%, with influencial factors were the birth weight (p=0.012), history of: cough (p=0.050), fever (p=0.037), diarrhea (p=0.040) during the last 3 months, the mother’s knowledge level (p=0.050), the food diversity (p=0.048) and the health care pattern (p=0.004). 
Conclusions: There are several influential factors to stunting problem such as birth weight, history of infectious diseases, the level of mother’s nutritional knowledge, the food diversity and health care patterns. For the most dominant factors that influence stunting are mother’s nutritional knowledge and the birth weight of the baby. It indicates the causes of stunting are not only triggered by health factors. Therefore, collaboration with various stakeholders is needed to overcome the stunting problem.
Relationship analysis of protection strategy and the number of containers with the existence of Aedes aegypti larvae at Tebing Tinggi city in 2022
Authors: Indirawati Sri Malem , Salmah Umi , Chahaya Indra , Bukit Dhani Syahputra , Situmorang Risanti Febrine Ropita , Hutagalung Dodi Saputra
Published: June 2023

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an endemic disease in Tebing Tinggi, the number of DHF cases in 2022 reached 175. Protection strategy and the number of landfills are risk factors for the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between protection strategy and the number of containers in the presence of Aedes aegypti.
Methods: This type of research was an analytic survey with a cross-sectional research design. The study population was all families living in 5 sub-districts in Tebing Tinggi city with 500 houses selected using a cluster sampling technique. Primary data collection used a questionnaire containing questions on protection strategy and location points, also observation sheets containing the type of landfills, and the number and presence of larvae. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square test.
Results: The results showed that Aedes aegypti larvae were found in 144 houses and 14% of families had made protection strategies, 41% of houses had more than 4 containers. Protection strategies against the presence of grass bushes within a radius of 100 meters from the house and the number of landfills had a relationship with the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Tebing Tinggi city is an area that has a high potential risk of DHF. Suggestions for increasing DHF protection strategy and eliminating resting places and breeding places are important for empowering jumantik at the family level as well as providing ongoing assistance and education.
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adults in Mwala Sub-county, Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Kimolo Kilonzo , Kariuki John G. , Karenga Samuel M.
Published: June 2023

Background: Despite the available evidence on benefits of COVID-19 vaccine, its low uptake and hesitancy remain a challenge. This study assessed individual, administrative, social, and demographic factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake.
Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study design was used. The data was collected using structured questionnaires administered to 384 respondents and key informant interview guides that engaged six informants.
Results: Uptake of the first dose was 46.60% while fully vaccinated respondents were 11.70% of the total. There were significant associations between COVID-19 vaccine uptake and demographic predictors of age (χ2=15.524, df=3, p=0.001), sex (χ2=5.250, df=1, p=0.022), education level (χ2=107.556, df=3, p<0.001), and marital status (χ2=35.328, df=3, p<0.001). Some social factors such as dependence on unreliable sources of information (χ2=32.904, df=3, p<0.001) and collective responsibility of getting vaccinated to protect others (χ2=292.931, df=3, p<0.001) also exhibited significant associations. However, religious teachings did not influence vaccine uptake (df=1, R2=0.099, p=0.997). Individual factors of susceptibility perception (p<0.001, R2=0.525, df=1), severity perception (χ2=234.515, df=3, p<0.001), safety concerns (χ2=277.624, df=3, p<0.001), and perception that the vaccine benefits did not outdo side effects (χ2=277.624, df=3, p<0.001) determined vaccine uptake. Administrative factors of vaccine stock-outs (R2=0.091, df=1, p=0.997) and long queues (R2=0.061, df=1, p=0.997) had no influence on vaccine uptake.
Conclusions: With the findings indicating poor vaccine uptake, the government should incorporate COVID-19 vaccination into the existing routine vaccination schedule and address conspiracy theories revolving around the vaccine in various social media sites during health education and awareness vaccination campaigns.
Students’ attitude towards different modalities of teaching in the medical curriculum of the faculty of physiology, SKIMS Medical College, Bemina
Authors: Ahad Farhana , Shafi Mudasir , Hameed Reqaya
Published: June 2023

Background: The way that students learn and the caliber of their learning results are both influenced by their judgments about their learning modes. The clinical portion of undergraduate medical courses is conducted in a setting intended more for clinical service than for instruction. When these two activities fight for resources, tension results. A projected rise in the number of medical students prompted us to evaluate the learning environment in order to make future plans. Objective was to evaluate students’ attitude towards different modalities of teaching in the medical curriculum of the faculty of physiology, SKIMS medical college, Bemina.
Methods: 200 SKIMS medical college students between the ages of 19 and 25 participated in a questionnaire-based study starting in October 2022. The phrasing of the question is repeated below. Each teaching method- lectures, handouts, textbooks, media sites (video-recorded lectures), simulation, PBL (problem-based learning), TBL (team-based learning), and ICM (introduction to clinical medicine, physical examination) practicals- was the subject of five questions. Answers were on a 5-step Likert scale.
Results: It was a descriptive type of research in nature. The data has been collected with the help of a structured questionnaire based on the Likert scale.
Conclusions: The study’s overall conclusions demonstrated that there had been significant changes in attitudes regarding professional development, team experiences, and peer evaluation.
Patient’s satisfaction with clinical laboratory services in a tertiary health care hospital of Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Kumar Sharma Rakesh , Bhardwaj Subhash , Mahajan Surbhi
Published: June 2023

Background: A patient’s satisfaction level is a crucial aspect of quality management in clinical laboratories. Satisfaction is the client’s perception of care received compared with the care expected. Accreditation from an organization such as NABL or NABH is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction with laboratory services in a tertiary care hospital in Jammu, UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Methods: The study conducted a prospective cross-sectional patient satisfaction survey over six months w.e.f. April 2022 to September 2022 at 05 patients/day with monthly data (05×30=150). A total of 900 patients were selected randomly at 150 patients/month (150×6=900). Data was collected using structured questionnaire, entered in Epi Info and analysed with SPSS software. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.
Results: The study found that 76.55% of patients were satisfied, while 11% were mildly dissatisfied and 17.94% were dissatisfied with laboratory services. Patients were dissatisfied with cleanliness of latrines (47%), long waiting times (30%), clear and understandable advisory service during specimen collection (26%), adequacy of waiting area (25%), easy accessibility of laboratory (19%), latrine location (20%), availability of requested service (18%), unfair payment of service (17%), and missing results (12%).
Conclusions: The study concluded that despite most patients being satisfied, there were gaps. The study recommends that the concerned departments to improve the identified gaps and meet patients’ needs. Educational status and distance were found to be significantly associated with the overall satisfaction level of clients.
Assessment of knowledge and decision-making regarding dental trauma among primary school teachers in south Bangalore- a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Nongmeikapam Rejita , Kumar Manish , Surbala Devi Rajkumari , Murthy Mamatha , S. G. Sushma , Nongmeikapam Dhimi
Published: June 2023

Background: Injury to primary and permanent dentitions is one of the most common dental problems seen in school going children. Teachers play an important role in prevention of dental trauma and immediate management of the injured tooth. Hence, the aimed of the study was to evaluate primary school teachers’ knowledge and decision making regarding dental trauma in South Bangalore, Karnataka.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 primary school teachers in South Bangalore, using self-administered pretested questionnaire consisting 16 close-ended questions.
Results: Among 400 primary school teachers, 212 participants could identify the damaged front teeth likely to be permanent teeth. Almost half of the participants would seek the dentists help immediately and only 74 respondents would not mind the delay of 30 minutes. Most of the respondents would clean the dirty tooth in tap water and only 16 respondents would use milk for transporting the avulsed tooth. A great majority of the respondents were satisfied with the knowledge on the management of dental trauma but most of them expressed desire for further knowledge.
Conclusions: The research clearly revealed that majority of school teachers had very less knowledge related to handling of traumatic dental injuries. First aid training program with dental content and acquisition of dental injury management should be included in the curriculum of teachers training program.