bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anticardiolipin and Anti-β2-GPI Are Two Distinct Populations of Autoantibodies
Authors: Sorice M , Circella A , Griggi T , Garofalo T , Nicodemo G , Pittoni V , Pontieri G M , Lenti L , Valesini G
Published: August 2018

This study has been undertaken to assess whether anticardiolipin and anti-(32-GPI are two distinct populations of (auto)antibodies, and to clarify whether the β2-GPI region critical for phospholipid binding is also crucial for anti-β2-GPI reactivity.

Fourteen of the 62 anticardiolipin (aCL) ELISA positive sera (22.6%) were positive for anti-β2-GPI by immunoblotting, 42 (67.7%) for aCL using TLC immunostaining.

IgG fractions from 5 sera gave the same anticardiolipin reactivity detected by TLC immunostaining in the corresponding sera.

All anti-β2-GPI-positive sera were reactive with the phenylthio-carbamyl derivative of the protein, indicating that binding of phe-nylisothiocyanate with lysine residues does not modify the molecule antigenicity. In addition, incubation of IgG fractions with the phospholipid binding site did not modify reactivity with β2-GPI.

These findings demonstrate that: a) “true” antiphospholipid antibodies are detectable in patients sera; b) aCL and anti-β2-GPI have a different immunological profile; c) the β2-GPI phospholipid-binding site is not the region recognized by the antibodies.
Increased Plasma Levels of Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI) after n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation in Patients with Chronic Atherosclerotic Disease
Authors: Berrettini Mauro , Parise Pasquale , Ricotta Serena , Iorio Alfonso , Peirone Cristina , Nenci Giuseppe G
Published: August 2018

This double-blind, randomised, controlled study examined the effect of a daily dosage of 3 g n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on plasma lipids and some haemostatic factors in 40 patients with chronic atherosclerotic diseases. Serum lipids, factor VII, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and prothrombin activation fragment 1+2 (F1+2) were measured at baseline and after 2, 8, and 16-week supplementation of either n-3 PUFA or com oil. Administration of n-3 PUFA promptly lowered serum triglycerides and increased LDL-cholesterol (-32% and +33%, respectively, after 2 weeks of treatment) while a significant increase (+31%) in HDL-cholesterol was documented at the end of the observation period. Treatment with n-3 PUFA induced a progressive significant increase of TFPI plasma levels (+21% after 16 weeks; p = 0.029). TFPI activity was significantly correlated with LDL-cholesterol, and multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that LDL-cholesterol was the most important predictor of TFPI activity. Plasma levels of the inhibitor showed also a very high parallelism in their trend over time (ANOVA model for homogeneity of slopes) with both HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.82) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.67). Patients treated with n-PUFA also showed a significant reduction of F1+2 plasma levels (p = 0.016) while no significant changes were detected in plasma factor VII clotting activity. Lipid and haemostatic parameters were not modified at any study time in patients receiving corn oil as placebo. The results of this study confirm the effects of n-3 PUFA administration on plasma lipids and show that in patients with chronic atherosclerotic disease a 16-week supplementation with these compounds induces a small but statistically significant increase of TFPI plasma levels with a parallel down-regulation of the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation which may be relevant to the antithrombotic activity of fish diet and fish oil derivatives.
The Untold Story of the First Hand Transplant: Dedicated to the Memory of one of the Great Minds of the Ecuadorian Medical Community and the World
Authors: Febres-Cordero Roberto , Simpson Roger , Gilbert Fernandez Juan
Published: August 2018

Background In 1964, faced with the challenge of traumatic amputation, a team of surgeons at Clinica Guayaquil was convinced that the transplantation of a hand could significantly improve function and quality of life for the recipient. With a current but basic understanding of immunosuppression, the surgeons identified a recipient and waited for the correct donor. A human hand transplant had never been performed to date.

Methods The surgeons' criteria for the recipient included a young healthy individual who had sustained a traumatic amputation at the distal forearm level with full motion of the proximal joints. Communication with receiving hospitals and military facilities identified what they perceived to be a feasible donor for an allograft transplantation. Consent was obtained from the family in conjunction with the local military medical authorities and the clergy. Iced saline solution and Heparin irrigation were to be used to prepare the donor extremity. The immunosuppression regimen, limited at the time, consisted only of intravenous cortisone, Imuran, and a single dose of radiation.

Results A member of the Ecuadorian marine sustained a limited blast injury that amputated his dominant hand but spared the forearm. He was transferred to the emergency department of Clinica Guayaquil. A donor who had recently died in a nearby hospital was identified not long after. A successful technical surgical transplantation was achieved. Consultants from major hospitals around the world (including Peter Bent Brigham Hospital) convened at the patient's bedside to observe the results. Despite all efforts, the patient suffered an irreversible rejection at 21 days post-transplant.

Conclusion This was the first allograft transplantation of a hand. The surgeons embarked on an intervention never tried before, firmly believing that better function and quality of life would result. The bravery of this surgical team was commendable. This early surgical endeavor opened the way for future successes in transplant surgery today.
Oxidative and Antioxidative Stress Markers in Relation to Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Gender
Authors: Garre Indrani , Nallagasu Raju , Dangati Malleshwar Rao , Bobbala Indumathi , Muddada Ravikiran
Published: August 2018

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative and antioxidative stress markers with presence of left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and the severity of LVD with coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Further, the role of oxidative and anti-oxidative stress markers on gender was also investigated.

Methods This was an observational prospective pilot study of patients diagnosed with CAD with LVD who underwent PCI at the center from June 2017 to December 2017. Based on the ejection function (EF), patients were categorized into three groups: mild (> 40–50%), moderate (> 35–40%), and severe (≤ 35%). The oxidative and antioxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH], and nitric oxide [NO]) were studied and compared in these groups and in both genders as subanalysis.

Results Total 33 patients were enrolled, of whom 23 were male (69.7%) and 10 were female (30.3%). Mean age of the study population was 58.8 ± 9.3 years. Significant elevation of MDA and NO was seen in 33 (100%) and 26 (78.8%), respectively, and decreased GSH was seen in 30 (90.9%). There was no significant difference with respect to oxidative and antioxidative stress markers and severity of LVD (MDA, p = 0.25; NO, p = 0.79; and GSH, p = 0.2) despite elevated MDA levels in all patients. The subanalysis was done to see the gender effect with oxidative and antioxidative stress markers (MDA, p = 0.29; NO, p = 0.10; and GSH, p = 0.50), and they all were insignificant.

Conclusion In this study, there was no significant relationship of oxidative and anti-oxidative stress markers on the degree of LVD even though the elevated MDA levels suggestive of increased oxidative stress were seen in all patients. The further analysis of gender in relation to oxidative and antioxidative stress markers was also insignificant.
Existence of Enlarged Parietal Foramina in Bone Collections
Authors: Magalhães Carolina , Ferreira Maria , Reis Rita , Silva Fernanda , Santos Taciana , Campina Renata
Published: August 2018

Introduction The enlarged parietal foramen (EPF) is a defect in the ossification of the parietal bone that is well described in the literature using a variety of nomenclatures. Individuals with EPF can present symptoms such as migraines, vomiting and intense pain when light pressure is applied to the skull. However, it can go unnoticed for a lifetime.

Materials and Methods At the Human Bone Collection department of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2 craniums (CAV 90, 96 years old and CAV 16, 81 years old) and were identified as having EPF, both from females.

Results There was no apparent kinship between both craniums. The sagittal length, the coronal width, the sagittal suture distance, the coronal suture distance and the lambdoid suture distance of each enlarged parietal foramen were evaluated, with the following results: sagittal length: 5.5 cm (CAV 90), and 5.0 cm (CAV 16); coronal width: 3.1 cm (CAV 90),and 3.4 cm (CAV 16); sagittal suture distance: 2.9 cm (CAV 90), and 2.3 cm (CAV 16); coronal suture distance: 1.8 cm (CAV 90), and 4.6 cm (CAV 16); and lambdoid suture distance: 5.0 cm (CAV 90), and 3.0 cm (CAV 16). The parietal foramen of both craniums exhibited equivalent measurements.

Conclusion Due to the low incidence of EPF, the identification of the 2 craniums with this condition in a collection of 105 skeletons makes the discovery relevant. In reference to craniums exhibiting EPF, this is an important tool for study and forensic research, since its appearance is linked to heredity.
Dermatology Surgery Training in a Live Animal Model
Authors: de la Garza-Castro Oscar , Sánchez-González Sandra , DeLaGarza-Pineda Oscar , Espinosa-Uribe Abraham , Quiroga-Garza Alejandro , Elizondo-Omaña Rodrigo , Guzmán-López Santos
Published: August 2018

Background Surgical technique is an important part of resident training, which is the reason why various models have been implemented to acquire this skill. Animal models have been useful in teaching dermatologic suturing techniques. With the advancements in technology, simulators have been developed for these exercises, but at a very high cost. The use of pig heads and freshly killed animals have proven to be effective and low-cost. However, they do not reproduce skin pathologies with accuracy.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a live anesthetized rat model to simulate skin pathologies requiring surgical excision in a dermatologic suture workshop for residents.

Methods We analyze the outcome of a theoretical and practical suturing workshop using live Wistar rats with 13 dermatology residents.

Results The residents showed an improvement in surgical maneuvers, suturing techniques, and in the use of surgical instruments (p < 0.01).

Conclusion The model proposed in the present study was economic, easy to obtain and to manage, and it portrays live and accurate skin response to manipulation. Therefore, it is effective for conducting surgical training sessions in dermatology.
System optimization of long-distance energy transportation in China using ultra-high-voltage power transmission
Authors: Zhang Yaru , Yu Yadong , Ma Tieju
Published: August 2018

Energy transportation is an important issue for China's electricity system due to the unbalanced distribution of energy sources and electrical demands. The traditional method of energy transportation (e.g., coal transportation) is challenging due to both the long distance of transportation and the large amount of energy that it requires. In recent years, China has been developing ultra-high voltage (UHV) as an alternative way of transmitting energy over a long distance, and many UHV lines are being planned for construction during the 13th Five-Year Plan (FYP) period. This paper develops a system optimization model for exploring the optimal pathway for long-distance energy transportation in China during the 13th FYP period from the perspective of the minimum cost of an energy transportation system. The results show that (a) although UHV transmission will be increasingly adopted in the 13th FYP period, coal transportation will still play an important role; (b) eight UHV lines are suggested to be built and put into use as a priority in the 13th FYP period; (c) the high technology learning effect, electricity demand, and investment costs of power plants would promote the adoption of UHV. Based on these results, some policy suggestions are provided.
Chimera states in a Duffing oscillators chain coupled to nearest neighbors
Authors: Clerc M. G. , Coulibaly S. , Ferré M. A. , Rojas R. G.
Published: August 2018

Coupled nonlinear oscillators can present complex spatiotemporal behaviors. Here, we report the coexistence of coherent and incoherent domains, called chimera states, in an array of identical Duffing oscillators coupled to their nearest neighbors. The chimera states show a significant variation of amplitude in the desynchronized domain. These intriguing states are observed in the bistability region between a homogeneous state and a spatiotemporal chaotic one. These dynamical behaviors are characterized by their Lyapunov spectra and their global phase coherence order parameter. The local coupling between oscillators prevents one domain from invading the other one. Depending on initial conditions, a family of chimera states appear, organized in a snaking-like diagram.
Identifying threading dislocations in CdTe films by reciprocal space mapping and defect decoration etching
Authors: Polat Mustafa , Bilgilisoy Elif , Arı Ozan , Öztürk Orhan , Selamet Yusuf
Published: August 2018

We study threading dislocation (TD) density of high-quality cadmium telluride (CdTe) layers grown on a (211) oriented GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy. High-resolution X-ray diffraction was performed to calculate the density of screw-type TDs by measuring the broadening of the asymmetrical (511) Bragg reflections of CdTe epilayers. In addition, total TD densities were determined by the Everson-etching method and were compared with screw TDs. Our results show that the total TD densities in CdTe films were dominated by those with screw character. The screw component TDs are estimated to account for more than 90% of the total TD density. CdTe layers grown at a thickness of less than 3.0 μm typically exhibit the screw TD densities in the 106 cm–2 and 107 cm–2 range. It can be noted that as the nucleation temperature increases, i.e., ≥222 °C, both the area density of TDs with the screw component of the CdTe films and the total TD density are roughly four times larger than those of the epilayer grown at the nucleation temperature of 215 °C. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of the II/VI flux ratio on the density of threading dislocations. The contribution of screw TDs to the total TD density showed a significant decrease in roughly 30% in the case of a high II/VI flux ratio. We further examine the reciprocal space maps in the vicinity of the (422) reflections.
Electrolyte diffusion model in macroporous silicon photo-electrochemical etching and its application in macropore diameter control
Authors: Chen Qi , Wang Guozheng , Wang Ji , Yang Jikai , Duanmu Qingduo
Published: August 2018

In photo-electrochemical etching for macroporous silicon, the electrolyte diffusion in the macropore greatly influences the formation of macroporous silicon, especially the etching rate and macropore diameter. In this study, the electrolyte diffusion was investigated systematically. We focused on the establishment of the electrolyte diffusion model and its impact on the etching rate and macropore diameter. By solving the diffusion equation, the electrolyte diffusion model was deduced, which is different from the commonly accepted model. The main difference is that, in the model, the HF concentration at the macropore tip decreases nonlinearly with macropore length. The module can effectively predict the etching rate. Based on this model, the practical method of etching current density adjustment for fabricating high aspect ratio macroporous silicon was proposed. In addition, the samples were fabricated with a constant etching current density and corrected etching current density. The experimental result indicates that the novel electrolyte diffusion model is practical. The finding from this study shows that the adjustment of etching current density based on the electrolyte diffusion model can effectively control the macropore diameter of high aspect ratio macroporous silicon.
A free-standing wire scattering technique to monitor calibration variations of the DIII-D density profile reflectometer
Authors: Zeng L. , Wang G. , Rhodes T. L. , Peebles W. A. , Sung C. , Lantsov R.
Published: August 2018

Real-time phase calibration of the ITER profile reflectometer is essential due to the long plasma duration and expected waveguide path length changes during a discharge. Progress has been recently made in addressing this issue by employing a phase calibration technique on DIII-D that monitors calibration variations that occur during each plasma discharge. By installing a thin free-standing metallic wire (1 mm diameter) near the end of the overmoded waveguide transmission system (oriented perpendicular to the waveguide axis), the round-trip phase shift from the wire is detected simultaneously with the plasma phase shifts. Variations in the reflectometer round trip path length (∼26 m) are then calculated after each DIII-D plasma discharge, allowing the calibration phase to be accurately monitored and updated. The round-trip reflectometer path length is observed to vary by ∼3 mm (root mean square value) during a typical DIII-D discharge. Using the variations in calibration phase, the density profile measurement accuracy can be improved. Since the wire retro-reflected power is ∼0.01 of the plasma signal, minimal effect is observed on the reflected signal from the plasma. Importantly, through a suitable choice in wire diameter, the calibration signal can be made approximately independent of the V-band reflectometer launch polarization. This is particularly important on DIII-D since orthogonal X- and O-mode polarized beams are coupled into the same transmission waveguide and launch antenna.
Investigating the effective interaction between silica colloidal particles near the critical point of a binary solvent by small angle neutron scattering
Authors: Wang Zhiyuan , Guo Hongyu , Liu Yun , Wang Xuewu
Published: August 2018

An effective attractive potential can be introduced between colloidal particles dispersed in a binary solvent when the solvent condition approaches its demixing temperatures. Despite the debate of the physical origins of this effective attraction, it is widely termed as the critical Casimir force and is believed to be responsible for the colloidal stability in a wide range of particle concentration at both critical and near-critical solvent concentrations. Here, we study the effective attraction and equilibrium phase transition of charged spherical silica particles in the binary solvent of 2,6-lutidine and water as a function of the particle volume fraction and temperature at the critical solvent concentration. By analyzing our small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data, we found that at a relatively small particle volume fraction, the density fluctuation introduced attraction between silica particles can be satisfactorily explained by the function form commonly used for the critical Casimir interaction. However, at large silica particle volume fractions, an additional long range attraction has to be introduced to satisfactorily fit our SANS data and explain the large shift of the phase transition temperature. Therefore, while at relatively low volume fractions, the solvent introduced attraction may be dominated by the critical Casimir force, the physical mechanism of the effective attraction at large particle volume fractions seems to be different from the critical Casimir force. Furthermore, the range of this long range attraction is consistent with a recently proposed new theory, where the attraction can be introduced by the solvent capillary condensation between particles. We also demonstrate that the reduced second virial coefficient close to the particle phase transition is similar to the values of the binodal transition of the sticky hard sphere system.
A quantitative correction for phase wrapping artifacts in hard X-ray grating interferometry
Authors: Rodgers Griffin , Schulz Georg , Deyhle Hans , Marathe Shashidhara , Bikis Christos , Weitkamp Timm , Müller Bert
Published: August 2018

X-ray grating interferometry-based computed tomography is a phase contrast imaging technique that provides non-destructive, quantitative, and three-dimensional visualization with contrast superior to traditional absorption-based techniques, especially for materials primarily composed of low Z elements, such as biological tissues. However, it relies on measurements of the lateral shift of an interference pattern and is thus susceptible to so-called phase wrapping artifacts, which mainly occur at the sample-air interface. In this work, we present an algorithm for removal of such artifacts in the case of cylindrical samples and an experiment to verify its accuracy. The proposed algorithm is applied to the sinogram after phase retrieval and prior to reconstruction by finding sample edges with the absorption sinogram and replacing regions of the phase wrapped sinogram with modeled data. Our measurements show that the algorithm removes artifacts and produces more accurate δ values, as validated by measurements without phase wrapping. Our correction algorithm allows for measurements without submerging the sample in a water bath, simplifying the experimental setup and avoiding motion artifacts from gas bubbles.
Communication: Proton exchange in low temperature co-mixed amorphous H2O and D2O films: The effect of the underlying Pt(111) and graphene substrates
Authors: Smith R. Scott , Petrik Nikolay G. , Kimmel Greg A. , Kay Bruce D.
Published: August 2018

Isotopic exchange reactions in mixed D2O and H2O amorphous solid water (ASW) films were investigated using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Nanoscale films composed of 5% D2O in H2O were deposited on Pt(111) and graphene covered Pt(111) substrates. At 130 K, we find that the reaction is strongly dependent on the substrate with the H/D exchange being significantly more rapid on the Pt(111) surface than on graphene. At 140 K, the films eventually crystallize with the final products on the two substrates being primarily HOD molecule on Pt(111) and a mixture of HOD and unreacted D2O on graphene. We demonstrate by pre-dosing H2 and O2 on Pt(111) that the observed differences in reactivity on the two substrates are likely due to the formation of hydrogen ions at the Pt(111) surface that are not formed on graphene. Once formed the mobile protons move through the ASW overlayer to initiate the H/D exchange reaction.
Pressure-induced structural and electronic transitions in kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnS4
Authors: Efthimiopoulos Ilias , Küllmey Tim , Speziale Sergio , Pakhomova Anna S. , Quennet Marcel , Paulus Beate , Ritscher Anna , Lerch Martin , Koch-Müller Monika
Published: August 2018

We have performed structural investigations of ordered kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 up to 30 GPa. Our current X-ray diffraction results clearly excluded the presence of a kesterite → disordered kesterite transition reported previously between 7 and 9 GPa. Nevertheless, specific anomalies connected with the Cu-S bond length of the starting kesterite-type phase are evidenced close to 6 GPa, indicating subtle structural effects at play in this system. Moreover, we have indexed the high-pressure modification of Cu2ZnSnS4 adopted above 16 GPa to a disordered GeSb-type structure, a tetragonally distorted rocksalt-type modification. Full decompression leads to the adoption of a disordered sphalerite/zincblende-type structure. Our complementary density functional theory calculations reproduce accurately the experimental observations and indicate the possibility of a metallic high-pressure GeSb-type phase, unlike the starting semiconducting kesterite-type Cu2ZnSnS4 structure.
Progress and prospects in the use of photocatalysis for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds
Authors: Borodkin Gennady I. , Shubin Vyacheslav G.
Published: August 2018

Data on the synthesis of fluorinated organic compounds by photocatalysis are systematically considered and analyzed. The attention is focused on the mechanisms of photocatalytic reactions and the selectivity problem.

The bibliography includes 173 references.
Self-assembled semiconducting monolayers in organic electronics
Authors: Sizov Alexey S. , Agina Elena V. , Ponomarenko Sergey A.
Published: August 2018

The results of studies dealing with the self-assembly of semiconducting monolayers of conjugated oligomers are integrated and analyzed. General information about the design of organic field effect transistors is given and the details of calculation of their key parameters are described. The main classes of conjugated oligomers used as semiconductors in organic field effect transistors are considered. The modern achievements in the fabrication of microelectronic devices based on self-assembled monolayer semiconductors are demonstrated and the results of the most successful use of such systems are presented.

The bibliography includes 102 references.
Recent advances in the chemistry of 3-nitro-2H- and 3-nitro-4H-chromenes
Authors: Korotaev Vladislav Yu. , Kutyashev Igor B. , Barkov Alexey Yu. , Sosnovskikh Vyacheslav Ya.
Published: August 2018

The review integrates and systematically describes data on the methods of synthesis, reactivity and biological activity of 3-nitro-2H-chromenes published over the last five years and data on 3-nitro-4H-chromenes and related 3-nitro-4H-pyrans published over the whole investigation period. Nucleophilic addition, including asymmetric synthesis, cycloaddition and redox reactions involving the C=C double bond and the nitro group of 3-nitro-2H-chromenes, are considered. The transformations of new and poorly investigated 3-nitro-4H-chromenes include reactions of 4-sulfanyl-substituted 3-nitro-4H-chromenes with nucleophiles, reactions of the nitroenamine moiety and removal of the alkylsulfanyl group using reductive processes. Reaction mechanisms and stereochemistry of the reaction products are discussed.

The bibliography includes 103 references.
Recent advances in antifungal drug discovery based on polyene macrolide antibiotics
Authors: Omelchuk Olga A. , Tevyashova Anna N. , Shchekotikhin Andrei E.
Published: August 2018

The review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis of new derivatives of polyene macrolide antibiotics by chemical modification and genetic engineering methods, results of structure – activity relationship studies and progress in the development of effective and safe drug formulations of this class of antibiotics. Attention is focused on structural changes of polyenes, resulting in a significant decrease in toxicity with retention or even enhancement of antifungal activity. Current concepts on the mechanisms of biological action of these antiobiotics in terms of their therapeutic activity and toxicity are considered.

The bibliography includes 77 references.
Plans are useless, but planning is essential
Authors: Brisbin John
Published: August 2018

Development over the next decade in northern Australia will proceed along the unpredictable intersection of two complex adaptive systems: the anthropic (social, economic) and the bio-physical/geophysical. These two domains are tightly linked and profoundly indeterminate. If we are to improve our capacity to nudge the future towards consensual outcomes, we will need tools suited for that purpose, and a culture pattern that embraces the baked-in complexity of our human and non-human environments.
Planning is a process-focussed form of social ritual and narrative construction that is especially suited to the challenges and opportunities of the north. The prevalent narratives that define our relationship with the land are both insufficient for enduring prosperity and captive to narrow ideologies. Development will happen on, around, and through the small communities and sparse landscapes of the north. This region is highly sensitive to the presence or absence of cooperation networks and is exposed, for better and worse, to powerful external forces.
This paper argues for a new posture, a re-freshed commitment to the processes of civil society in order to find the best ways forward in the north. A revival of planning culture promises to expand the capacity for resilience at the scale of community, local economy, and watershed.
Australia’s Regional Natural Resource Management network is presented as an appropriate structure in which the specific processes of planning can be effectively realised. I will show that Regional Natural Resource Management Plans are evidence of a remarkable social process that opens new understandings of ourselves and the land we are part of. A collection of guiding queries, the Seven Signs of Planning, is proposed as a method for consistently evaluating the depth and quality of planning processes.
Regional Natural Resource Management and its technology of planning can provide a foundation on which to build a culture of profitable and consensual development in north Australia.
That-trace effects in Spanish-English code-switching
Authors: Ebert Shane , Hoot Bradley
Published: August 2018

Many languages, including English, exhibit a restriction on subject extraction over complementizers called the that-trace effect. Although extensively studied, this phenomenon remains a puzzle. Not all languages exhibit the effect; Spanish does not. Spanish also allows postverbal subjects, while English does not, which has been linked to the that-trace effect. Because Spanish/English differ in these properties, combining lexical items from both languages in a single derivation, as in code-switching, offers additional insight into the nature of the restriction. Two acceptability judgment tasks of Spanish/English code-switching reveal that a single Spanish functional head is insufficient to license either postverbal subjects or subject extraction. Instead, we argue, the that-trace effect and related properties arise from the interaction of two heads.
Event-related potentials reveal evidence for syntactic co-activation in bilingual language processing
Authors: Luque Alicia , Mizyed Nethaum , Morgan-Short Kara
Published: August 2018

A critical question about bilingualism is how two or more languages are processed in the bilingual mind (e.g., Kroll, Bobb, & Hoshino, 2014). Previous research shows that bilinguals’ languages interact, at least at the lexical and phonological levels. Relatively little research has addressed whether this occurs at the syntactic level during sentence processing. One event-related potential study with Welsh-English bilinguals showed co-activation of syntactic properties of one language that affected processing of the other language (Sanoudaki & Thierry, 2014, 2015). The current study replicates Sanoudaki and Thierry with Spanish-English bilinguals, and the results largely reproduce their findings of syntactic co-activation during sentence processing. These converging results have implications for theories about bilingual language processing regarding how syntax may interact in the bilingual mind.
Basque complementizers under the microscope
Authors: Vergara Daniel
Published: August 2018

In this chapter, I argue against the view that Basque complementizers occupy the head of FinP in the left periphery (cf. Ortiz de Urbina, 1999; Artiagoitia and Elordieta, 2016). Based on bilinguals’ acceptability judgments of complement clauses in Spanish/Basque code-switching, I propose that the Basque complementizer -enik is the spell out form of the features [finite], [force] and an interpretable anti-veridical polarity feature in Force0. The complementizer -ela, on the other hand, can either spell out the features [finite] and [force] or just the feature [finite]. Furthermore, this chapter provides supporting evidence that the phenomenon of complementizer duplication in Spanish/Basque code-switching can be accounted for by assuming a single system for spelling out syntactic terminals in bilinguals.
Contributing Towards a Cultural Neuropsychology Assessment Decision-Making Framework: Comparison of WAIS-IV Norms from Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Spain, United States, and Canada
Authors: Duggan Emily C , Awakon Lina Marcela , Loaiza Cilia Carolina , Garcia-Barrera Mauricio A
Published: August 2018

Objective

Test and normative data selection in cross-cultural neuropsychology remain a complex issue. Despite growing awareness, more studies and instruments are needed to adequately address the impact of cultural factors, such as quantity and quality of education. In this study, we examine the interpretive effects of applying six relevant WAIS-IV norms to a Colombian sample.

Method

A sample of 305 highly educated Colombian corporate executives completed the WAIS-IV. Data were scored using norms from Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Spain, United States, and Canada and scores were compared using ANOVA. Additionally, a comparative sociodemographic framework was established to contextualize our sample to the standardization samples and populations of the six countries.

Results

Colombian and Chilean norms yielded systematically similar FSIQ/Index scores (mean range = 117–121), while incrementally lower scores were found with norms from Mexico (–3–9 points), Spain (–3–11 points), USA (–8–13 points), and Canada (–11–18 points). Verbal scores differed, with highest scores obtained with Mexican and Spanish norms. Working memory and processing speed scores had the lowest score agreement across norms.

Conclusions

Although the Chilean norms are more frequently used in Colombia, the recently developed Colombian norms appear optimal for our sample; the scores do not have meaningful differences with those obtained with Chilean norms and offer local population representation fidelity. Mexican, Spanish, US, and Canadian norms underestimated WAIS-IV scores and distorted the sample’s score distribution. Finally, verbal scores highlight potential education representation within Spanish and Mexican norms, while working memory and processing speed scores suggest cultural nuances likely captured within different norms.
Functional Connectivity of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Depression and in Health
Authors: Rolls Edmund T , Cheng Wei , Gong Weikang , Qiu Jiang , Zhou Chanjuan , Zhang Jie , Lv Wujun , Ruan Hongtao , Wei Dongtao , Cheng Ke , Meng Jie , Xie Peng , Feng Jianfeng
Published: August 2018

The first voxel-level resting-state functional connectivity (FC) neuroimaging analysis of depression of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) showed in 282 patients with major depressive disorder compared with 254 controls, some higher, and some lower FCs. However, in 125 unmedicated patients, primarily increases of FC were found: of the subcallosal anterior cingulate with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, of the pregenual/supracallosal anterior cingulate with the medial orbitofrontal cortex, and of parts of the anterior cingulate with the inferior frontal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and with early cortical visual areas. In the 157 medicated patients, these and other FCs were lower than in the unmedicated group. Parcellation was performed based on the FC of individual ACC voxels in healthy controls. A pregenual subdivision had high FC with medial orbitofrontal cortex areas, and a supracallosal subdivision had high FC with lateral orbitofrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus. The high FC in depression between the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and the subcallosal parts of the ACC provides a mechanism for more non-reward information transmission to the ACC, contributing to depression. The high FC between the medial orbitofrontal cortex and supracallosal ACC in depression may also contribute to depressive symptoms.
Human Flourishing and Integrated Care Models: The Development of the Flourish Index
Authors: Faul Anna C , D’Ambrosio Joseph G , Yankeelov Pamela A , Cotton Samantha G , Furman Christian D , Hall-Faul Madri , Gordon Barbara , Wright R Brent
Published: August 2018

Background and Objectives

In evaluating integrated care models, traditional quality measures do not account for functional and quality of life factors, affecting older adults with multiple chronic conditions. The objective of this study was the development and validation of the Flourish Index (FI), an instrument to evaluate integrated care, using a determinants of health model.

Research Design and Methods

The study took place within the evaluation study of the Flourish Model (FM). The FM provides care coordination services using an integrated primary care and community-based services model. Baseline data from 70 older adults were used in the validation study. Twenty-seven quality of care indicators within six determinants of health, namely biological, psychological, individual health behaviors, health services, environmental, and social, formed part of the FI.

Results

Categorical principal components analysis showed a 5-dimensional structure with psychological determinants loading on the biological determinants of health. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) for the determinants was as follows: biological/psychological = 0.73, individual = 0.58, environmental = 0.62, health services = 0.65, social = 0.67, total score = 0.97. Sensitivity to change was shown for the total FI score (F1,22 = 8.82, p = .01) and social (F1,22 = 5.82, p = .02), with a trend toward sensitivity for individual health behaviors (F1,22 = 3.95, p = .06) and health services (F1,22 = 3.26, p = .09).

Discussion and Implications

The preliminary analysis of the FI shows promise for the usability of the index to provide insight into the fundamental challenges of aging. It brings greater clarity in caring for older adults and supports quality evaluation of integrated care coordination models.
Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] KB 130, King’s Bench Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd [1947] KB 130, King’s Bench Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Hunter v Moss [1994] 1 WLR 452, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Hunter v Moss [1994] 1 WLR 452, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Jones v Kernott [2012] 1 AC 776, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Jones v Kernott [2012] 1 AC 776, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Murad v Al-Saraj [2005] WTLR 1573, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Murad v Al-Saraj [2005] WTLR 1573, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Pennington v Waine [2002] 1 WLR 2075, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Pennington v Waine [2002] 1 WLR 2075, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Pitt v Holt, Futter v Futter [2013] 2 AC 108, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Pitt v Holt, Futter v Futter [2013] 2 AC 108, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Vandervell’s Trusts (No 2) [1974] Ch 269, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Vandervell’s Trusts (No 2) [1974] Ch 269, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Swindle v Harrison [1997] 4 All ER 705, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Swindle v Harrison [1997] 4 All ER 705, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Vandervell v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1967] 2 AC 291, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Vandervell v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1967] 2 AC 291, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Barker v Corus UK Ltd [2006] 2 AC 572
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Barker v Corus UK Ltd [2006] 2 AC 572. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Bonnington Castings Ltd v Wardlaw [1956] AC 613
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bonnington Castings Ltd v Wardlaw [1956] AC 613. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Jeynes v News Magazines Ltd & Another [2008] EWCA Civ 130
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Jeynes v News Magazines Ltd & Another [2008] EWCA Civ 130. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
McGhee v National Coal Board [1973] 1 WLR 1
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in McGhee v National Coal Board [1973] 1 WLR 1. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Michael v Chief Constable of South Wales Police [2015] UKSC 2
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Michael v Chief Constable of South Wales Police [2015] UKSC 2. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Murray v Ministry of Defence [1988] 1 WLR 692
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Murray v Ministry of Defence [1988] 1 WLR 692. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
O (A Child) v Rhodes [2016] AC 219
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in O (A Child) v Rhodes [2016] AC 219. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [2018] UKSC 4
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Robinson v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [2018] UKSC 4. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Wilsher v Essex Area Health Authority [1988] 1 AC 1074
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Wilsher v Essex Area Health Authority [1988] 1 AC 1074. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
J. Lauritzen v Wijsmuller (The ‘Super Servant Two’) [1990] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 1
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in J. Lauritzen v Wijsmuller (The ‘Super Servant Two’) [1990] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 1. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Pao On and others v Lau Yiu Long and another [1980] AC 614
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Pao On and others v Lau Yiu Long and another [1980] AC 614. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Spice Girls Ltd v Aprilia World Service [2002] EWCA Civ 15
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Spice Girls Ltd v Aprilia World Service [2002] EWCA Civ 15. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Taylor v Caldwell 122 ER 309
Authors: Jackson Nicola
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Contract Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Taylor v Caldwell 122 ER 309. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Nicola Jackson.
Essential Cases: EU Law
Authors: O'Meara Noreen
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Criminal Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. Essential Cases provides you with succinct summaries of some of the landmark and most influential cases in criminal law. Each summary begins with a review of the main case facts and decision. The summary is then concluded with expert commentary on the case from the author, Jonathan Herring, including his assessment of the wider questions raised by the decision.
16. Keck and Mithouard (Joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91), EU:C:1993:905, [1993] ECR I-6097, 24 November 1993
Authors: O’Meara Noreen
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Keck and Mithouard (Joined cases C-267/91 and C-268/91), EU:C:1993:905, [1993] ECR I-6097, 24 November 1993. The document also included supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Plaumann v Commission (Case 25/62), EU:C:1963:17, [1963] ECR 95, 15 July 1963
Authors: O’Meara Noreen
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Plaumann v Commission (Case 25/62), EU:C:1963:17, [1963] ECR 95, 15 July 1963. The document also included supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.
Procureur du Roi v Benoît and Gustave Dassonville (Case 8/74), EU:C:1974:82, [1974] ECR 837, 11 July 1974
Authors: O’Meara Noreen
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: EU Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Procureur du Roi v Benoît and Gustave Dassonville (Case 8/74), EU:C:1974:82, [1974] ECR 837, 11 July 1974. The document also included supporting commentary from author Noreen O’Meara.