bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Componentes de los anillos de crecimiento de Pinus hartwegii Lindl. en los extremos de su distribución altitudinal en el centro-oriente de México
Authors: Soto-Carrasco Yareli , Vargas-Hernández J. Jesús , Rozenberg Philippe , Gómez-Guerrero Armando
Published: September 2022

Introducción: El cambio climático repercutirá diferencialmente en el crecimiento de los bosques de montaña con respecto a la elevación.Objetivo: Evaluar las interrelaciones de los componentes de los anillos de crecimiento en los extremos del gradiente altitudinal de Pinus hartwegii Lindl. en tres montañas del centro-oriente de México.Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 295 muestras de árboles del Cofre de Perote, Pico de Orizaba y Monte Tláloc correspondientes al periodo 1960-2017 con un total de 17 700 observaciones por variable (anchura y densidad del anillo [ATA, DTA], de madera temprana [AEW, DEW], tardía [ALW, DLW] y densidad mínima y máxima [DMI, DMA]). Resultados y discusión: Los parámetros de crecimiento fueron mayores en el extremo inferior (≈3 500 m). La correlación de ATA con AEW (r ≥ 0.95) y ALW (r ≥ 0.78) fue significativa (P < 0.05). La DTA se correlacionó con DEW (r ≥ 0.83) y DMI (r ≥ 0.72), así como DEW con DMI (r ≥ 0.92) y DLW con DMA (r ≥ 0.92). En el extremo superior (≈4 000 m), las correlaciones de ATA, AEW y ALW con DTA, DEW y DMI fueron negativas (-0.3 ≥ r ≥ -0.8). Esto puede explicarse por menores temperaturas y periodos de crecimiento que reducen la importancia relativa de la madera tardía en la amplitud del anillo.Conclusiones: La información generada contribuye a entender la dinámica de la xilogénesis de P. hartwegii en respuesta al clima y sus posibles implicaciones en el crecimiento radial ante el cambio climático.
Variación fitoquímica entre procedencias de oyamel (Abies religiosa [Kunth] Schltdl. & Cham.) en un gradiente altitudinal
Authors: Cruzado-Vargas Ana L. , García-Rodríguez Yolanda M. , Ortiz-Bibian Marisol A. , Espinosa-García Francisco J. , Antonio-López Pedro , Sáenz-Romero Cuauhtémoc , Lindig-Cisneros Roberto A.
Published: September 2022

Introducción: Las poblaciones de una especie son diferentes a lo largo de su distribución por la presión de selección del gradiente climático. Objetivo: Describir la variación fitoquímica entre 14 procedencias en un gradiente altitudinal de Abies religiosa (Kunth) Schltdl. & Cham., para determinar si existen asociaciones de perfiles químicos entre poblaciones, expresados bajo un solo ambiente.Materiales y métodos: Se recolectaron semillas de 165 árboles de un transecto altitudinal de 2850 a 3540 m en el cerro de San Andrés, Municipio Libre de Hidalgo, Michoacán, México. La planta se produjo en ensayo de jardín común; a los 28 meses se recolectaron acículas maduras por individuo y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases-masas. Los datos se analizaron con índices de diversidad, análisis de varianza y multivariados (componentes principales, correspondencias y conglomerados). Resultados y discusión: Se identificaron 32 compuestos, la mayoría terpenos. Las poblaciones presentaron diferencias en presencia/ausencia de terpenos y en su concentración; arriba de 3350 m, la diversidad fue más baja, pero con mayor concentración. Se encontraron tres grupos de altitud con base en el perfil químico de las poblaciones: baja = 2850 a 3300 m y 3400 m; intermedia = 3350, 3450 y 3500 m; y elevada = 3540 m. Conclusiones: La diversidad y concentración de los terpenos en A. religiosa variaron en función de la altitud de las poblaciones. Existen tres perfiles químicos que deben considerarse en el establecimiento de programas de recolecta de germoplasma para reforestación y restauración.
Teoriden Pratiğe Muhâlea: 19. Yy İstanbul Bâb Mahkemesi ve Diyarbakır Kadı Sicilleri Örneğinde
Authors: Yavuz Hande , Erkoc Baydar Tuba
Published: September 2022

Osmanlı Devleti’nin sosyo-ekonomik, kültürel ve siyasî yapısını göstermesi hasebiyle önemli kaynaklar olan kadı sicilleri aynı zamanda İslam hukuk teorisinin pratikte nasıl işlediğini de gözler önüne sermektedir. Vakıf, bağış, satın alma, kiralama, miras gibi mahkemeye intikal etmiş birçok hukukî işlemde araştırmacılara önemli bilgiler sunan siciller, evlenme ve boşanma gibi aile hukukunu doğrudan ilgilendiren konularda da kritik veriler sağlamaktadır. İslâm hukukunda muhâleanın mahkeme kaydı gerektirmemesine rağmen hak ihlallerinin önüne geçmek adına Osmanlı’da tescil ettirilmesi, kayıtlarda bu tür davaların sık rastlanmasına vesile olmuştur. Bu nedenle İslam hukuk teorisinin pratiğe nasıl yansıdığını ve 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı toplumunda kadınların sosyo-ekonomik konumlarını incelemek adına muhâlea kayıtları önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Muhâlea konusunda İstanbul ile Diyarbakır gibi iki farklı bölgenin tecrübesini ele alan bu makale, teori ve pratiği mukayeseli bir şekilde inceleyerek Osmanlı Devleti’nde uygulanan İslam aile hukukuna bütüncül bir şekilde bakmayı hedeflemektedir.
Política de educação permanente em saúde no Brasil: uma breve contextualização
Authors: Lima Erivaldo Santos de , Anjos Teresa Cristina Carvalho dos , Barros Maria Quitéria Pugliese de Morais , Sales Maria Lucélia da Hora
Published: September 2022

Este material faz parte do curso de Educação Permanente em Saúde (EaD e autoinstrucional) ofertado pela Secretaria do Estado de Saúde de Alagoas (SESAU/AL) por meio da plataforma de Educação a Distância Educ@sesau. No Módulo 1 (A Política de Educação Permanente em Saúde), estudaremos sobre as bases que alicerçam a Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) no nosso País. Inicialmente, apresentaremos o contexto em que a Política de EPS foi criada, logo em seguida, discutiremos sobre os seus principais conceitos. Finalizaremos os estudos entendendo como as ações de EPS são financiadas e monitoradas em todo o território nacional. Ao final do módulo, espera-se que você compreenda o conceito de Educação Permanente em Saúde e reconheça a sua importância enquanto política pública.
Observing short-timescale cloud development to constrain aerosol–cloud interactions
Authors: Gryspeerdt Edward , Glassmeier Franziska , Feingold Graham , Hoffmann Fabian , Murray-Watson Rebecca J.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The aerosol impact on liquid water path (LWP) is a key uncertainty in the overall climate impact of aerosol. However, despite a significant effort in this area, the size of the effect remains poorly constrained, and even the sign is unclear. Recent studies have shown that the relationship between droplet number concentration (Nd) and LWP is an unreliable measure of the impact of Nd variations on LWP due to the difficulty in establishing causality. In this work, we use satellite observations of the short-term development of clouds to examine the role of Nd perturbations in LWP variations. Similar to previous studies, an increase followed by a general decrease in LWP with increasing Nd is observed, suggesting an overall negative LWP response to Nd and a warming LWP adjustment to aerosol. However, the Nd also responds to the local environment, with aerosol production, entrainment from the free troposphere and wet scavenging all acting to modify the Nd. Many of these effects act to further steepen the Nd–LWP relationship and obscure the causal Nd impact on LWP. Using the temporal development of clouds to account for these feedbacks in the Nd–LWP system, a weaker negative Nd–LWP relationship is observed over most of the globe. This relationship is highly sensitive to the initial cloud state, illuminating the roles of different processes in shaping the Nd–LWP relationship. The nature of the current observing system limits this work to a single time period for observations, highlighting the need for more frequent observations of key cloud properties to constrain cloud behaviour at process timescales.
Sources and mean transit times of stream water in an intermittent river system: the upper Wimmera River, southeast Australia
Authors: Zhou Zibo , Cartwright Ian , Morgenstern Uwe
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Determining the mean transit times (MTTs) and water sources in catchments at
different flow conditions helps better understand river functioning, and
manage river health and water resources. Despite being common in a range of
environments, the MTTs and water sources in intermittent streams are much
less well understood compared to perennial streams. Major ion geochemistry,
stable isotopes, 14C, and 3H were used in this study to identify
water sources and MTTs of the periodically intermittent upper Wimmera River
from southeast Australia at different flow conditions, including zero-flow
periods. The disconnected pool waters during the zero-flow period in the
summer months of 2019 had 3H activities of 0.64 to 3.29 TU. These and
the variations in total dissolved solids and stable isotopes imply that
these pools contained a mixture of older groundwater and younger stream
water impacted by evaporation. 3H activities during the high-flow
period in July 2019 were 1.85 to 3.00 TU, yielding MTTs of up to 17 years.
The 3H activities at moderate and low-flow conditions in September and
November 2019 ranged from 2.26 to 2.88 TU, implying MTTs of 1.6 to 7.8 years. Regional groundwater near the Wimmera River had 3H activities of < 0.02 to 0.45 TU and 14C activities of 57 to 103 pMC, and was not recharged by the river at high flows. The Wimmera River and other intermittent streams in southeast Australia are sustained by younger
catchment waters from relatively small near-river stores than comparable
perennial streams, which have older deeper regional groundwater inputs. This
results in these intermittent streams being more susceptible to short-term
changes in climate and necessitates the protection of near-river corridors
to maintain the health of the riverine systems.
Global assessment and mapping of ecological vulnerability to wildfires
Authors: Arrogante-Funes Fátima , Aguado Inmaculada , Chuvieco Emilio
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Fire is a natural phenomenon that has played a critical
role in transforming the environment and maintaining biodiversity at a
global scale. However, the plants in some habitats have not developed
strategies for recovery from fire or have not adapted to the changes taking
place in their fire regimes. Maps showing ecological vulnerability to fires
could contribute to environmental management policies in the face of global
change scenarios. The main objective of this study is to assess and map
ecological vulnerability to fires on a global scale. To this end, we created
ecological value and post-fire regeneration delay indices on the basis of
existing global databases. Two ecological value indices were identified:
biological distinction and conservation status. For the post-fire
regeneration delay index, various factors were taken into account, including
the type of fire regime, the increase in the frequency and intensity of
forest fires, and the potential soil erosion they can cause. These indices
were combined by means of a qualitative cross-tabulation to create a new
index evaluating ecological vulnerability to fire. The results showed that
global ecological value could be reduced by as much as 50 % due to fire
perturbation of poorly adapted ecosystems. The terrestrial biomes most
affected are the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest, tundra,
mangroves, tropical and subtropical coniferous forests, and tropical and
subtropical dry broadleaf forests.
High-resolution imaging of supraglacial hydrological features on the Greenland Ice Sheet with NASA's Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrument suite
Authors: Studinger Michael , Manizade Serdar S. , Linkswiler Matthew A. , Yungel James K.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Seasonal meltwater pools on the surface of the Greenland
Ice Sheet (GrIS) during late spring and summer in lakes on the surface and
transforms the ice sheet's surface into a wet environment in the ablation
zone below the equilibrium line. These supraglacial lakes in topographic
lows on the ice surface are connected by a dendritic pattern of meandering
streams and channels that together form a hydrological system consisting of
supra-, en-, and subglacial components. Here, we use lidar data from NASA's
Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM) instrument suite and high-resolution
optical imagery collected as part of Operation IceBridge (OIB) in spring
2019 over the GrIS to develop methods for the study of supraglacial
hydrological features. While airborne surveys have a limited temporal and
spatial coverage compared to imaging spaceborne sensors, their high
footprint density and high-resolution imagery reveal a level of detail that
is currently not obtainable from spaceborne measurements. The accuracy and
resolution of airborne measurements complement spaceborne measurements, can
support calibration and validation of spaceborne methods, and provide
information necessary for high-resolution process studies of the
supraglacial hydrological system on the GrIS that currently cannot be
achieved from spaceborne observations alone.
SISTEM INFORMASI DECRYPT RESPON BRIDGING BPJS KESEHATAN DENGAN ALGORITMA AES 256
Authors: Saepul Rohman Ramdhan , Firmansah Dasya Arief , Ermawati Erni
Published: September 2022

Kebijakan bridging sistem antar BPJS Kesehatan dengan rumah sakit telah berlangsung sejak lama sesuai dengan perjanjian yang telah disepakati oleh kedua belah pihak. Bridging BPJS mengalami pengembangan dari waktu ke waktu, yang pada mulanya bridging versi 1 hingga versi 2 saat ini. Pada bridging versi 1 proses pertukaran data berlangsung lebih mudah karna data yang dikirimkan tidak dienkripsi terlebih dahulu. Namun dikarenakan alasan peningkatan keamanan data, maka pada bridging versi 2 setiap proses pertukaran data untuk semua service yang diminta oleh rumah sakit telah dienkripsi ke dalam bahasa mesin yang tidak mudah dibaca secara langsung. Hal ini tentunya menjadi masalah bagi rumah sakit karena harus mendekripsi data yang dikirimkan oleh bpjs kesehatan kedalam bentuk normal yang bisa dibaca seperti halnya bentuk sebelumnya. Metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif diterapkan untuk dapat menginterpretasikan serta merinci setiap data serta tahapan yang dilakukan dalam proses ini, mulai dari data mentah yang masih terenkripsi hingga data yang sudah terdekripsi dengan baik. Dengan adanya proses dekrip maka setiap data yang dikirimkan oleh BPJS kesehatan akan sangat mudah untuk dikelola dan proses pelayanan pun berlangsung lebih optimal. BPJS Kesehatan mengenkripsi data yang dikirimkan menggunakan SHA 256. Sebaliknya, pihak rumah sakit harus dapat mendekrip respon yang diterima menggunakan SHA 256. Proses ini juga dilengkapi dengan generate signature dan timestamp yang harus selalu diperbarui setiap detiknya. Hasil dari dekripsi data yang berhasil dilakukan oleh rumah sakit akan diterima dalam bentuk JSON yang selanjutnya data tersebut dapat dengan mudah diterapkan pada sistem rumah sakit.
OPTIMASI HUMAN SIGMA PADA PENGUKURAN LAYANAN PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Ary Maxsi
Published: September 2022

Diperlukan pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai keeratan hubungan mahasiswa baru, staf publikasi dan marketing dengan perguruan tinggi. Pendekatan ini diperlukan agar perguruan tinggi dapat menentukan strategi baru dalam hal peningkatkan jumlah mahasiswa baru. Optimasi human sigma digunakan untuk mengukur prosentase tingkat keeratan hubungan calon mahasiswa baru, staf publikasi dan marketing dengan universitas adhirajasa reswara sanjaya. Nilai human sigma diperoleh pada prosentase 30,14%, sehingga kualitas layanan perguruan tinggi harus lebih fokus, khususnya layanan penerimaan mahasiswa baru. Namun demikian masih ada peluang untuk memperbaiki hubungan antara staf publikasi dan marketing dengan mahasiswa baru. Nilai hubungan keeratan mahasiswa baru dengan staf sebesar 46,25% masih mendekati nilai rata-rata.
Developing a macro-micro teleoperation system with snake robots for minimally invasive surgeries
Authors:   , Razjigaev Andrew
Published: September 2022

Surgeons currently face the burden of poor instrument control, ergonomics and visualisation in minimally invasive surgery. Bioinspired snake-like robots, evolution algorithms, 3D printing and autonomous vision systems are innovations that can revolutionise surgery. It can benefit patients with personalised treatment and reduce the burden on hospital staff. This thesis utilises these innovations to develop a macro-micro robotic platform for knee arthroscopy with a (micro) steerable snake-like end-effector attached to a (macro) RAVEN II arm. Extensive experimentation with a phantom demonstrated the superiority of the robotic prototype in reachable dexterity and teleoperated control over conventional rigid instruments.
Novel imaging and bioprinting approaches for auricular cartilage regeneration
Authors:   , Ross Maureen T.
Published: September 2022

The focus of this thesis was to advance the methods and knowledge of the field of biofabrication by applying its techniques to improve current ear reconstruction for the congenital condition microtia. Three key areas were explored: advanced large format histology methods for deeper characterisation of the native cartilage tissue; a low-cost method of 3D imaging using ultrasound to capture patient anatomy; and novel multi-material 3D printed scaffold designs for regenerating cartilage. The novel methods developed in this work will contribute towards the future of advanced medical manufacturing for microtia as well as other patient specific implants.
Understanding the reliability and consistency of ultrasound derived elastography measures of the human placenta
Authors:   , Edwards Christopher
Published: September 2022

This thesis examined the physical, biological and technological factors influencing the biomechanical properties of human placental tissue in utero. It specifically investigated changes in placental stiffness, measured via ultrasound elastography throughout the third trimester. The thesis analysed the critical maternal and fetal factors that impact ultrasound elastography measures and reported on system parameters that can be optimised for reliable results. Knowledge gained in this thesis is essential to developing placental elastography as a clinical tool to diagnose placental dysfunction.
Movement behaviours in pre-school children from rural Brazil: The influence of parents
Authors:   , Ferreira Goncalves Widjane
Published: September 2022

This thesis examined movement behaviours of pre-schoolers from rural low-income Brazilian families and associations with parenting practices. 47% of children met the recommended duration of physical activity (PA), 22% screen time (ST) and 62% sleep; with only 10% meeting WHO 24-hour movement guidelines. Parenting practices associated with higher activity were PA to reward/control behaviour, limiting/monitoring ST, explicit modelling/enjoyment of PA, and verbal encouragement for PA. Rules around active play indoors, ST to reward/control behaviour, and explicit modelling/enjoyment of ST were associated with higher ST. Having fewer rules/restrictions around play, limiting ST, and having consistent bedtime routines are recommended parenting practices.
Educação jongueira: repertório afrodiaspórico de afirmação da vida na infância
Authors: Silva Vivian Parreira da , Rodrigues Tatiane Cosentino
Published: September 2022

Diante do processo de desmonte, descaracterização e desinvestimento de uma política nacional de valorização da diversidade étnico-racial, este artigo tem o jongo como elemento central, a partir da experiência de uma educação jongueira, desenvolvida com uma professora e crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade de uma turma do 2º ano do Ensino Fundamental na cidade de São Carlos, São Paulo, no segundo semestre de 2018. O jongo é mobilizado como repertório afrodiásporico que desloca centralidades epistêmicas fincadas nas bases coloniais do racismo. Afirma-se a educação jongueira como educação promotora de vida, de presença e de encantamento, que, versada no cruzo de saberes e em diálogo com a escola, dá fundamento para exercer diferentes princípios explicativos de mundo fundamentadas na pluriversalidade.
Práticas de interpretação e tradução na produção científica do neoconservadorismo e das políticas educacionais neoconservadoras
Authors: Voss Dulce Mari da Silva
Published: September 2022

Este trabalho apresenta resultados parciais de uma investigação em curso sobre o tema neoconservadorismo e políticas neoconservadoras no campo educacional. Busca analisar como se configuram as práticas de interpretação e tradução da temática em artigos publicados no decorrer da década de 2012 a 2022. O estudo ampara-se em pressupostos da metapesquisa com ênfase nas Epistemologias de Políticas Educacionais. Nele, procede-se a um levantamento dos artigos escritos por pesquisadores/as brasileiros/as e estrangeiros/as em periódicos de abrangência nacional e internacional, seguido da seleção de uma amostra das produções no campo das políticas educacionais com vistas à categorização e à análise das perspectivas teórico-epistemológicas, dos enfoques e dos posicionamentos epistemetodológicos. Com a pesquisa, percebe-se a mobilização de uma produção significativa de estudos sobre o neoconservadorismo e os esforços empreendidos por comunidades científicas, ao redor do mundo, na interpretação/tradução dos desdobramentos gerados pelas políticas neoconservadoras na educação. Diferentes perspectivas teórico-epistemológicas entram em ação nesse processo de análise, sustentando-se, grande parte dos estudos na tradição acadêmica marxista e tendem a um posicionamento crítico-normativo. Embora em menor proporção, outras teorias e epistemologias também são evidenciadas, gerando novas leituras em relação aos acontecimentos presentes. Desprende-se dessa intensa movimentação a afirmativa do compromisso ético frente ao debate dessas questões que afetam a educação e requerem posicionamentos claros e coerentes das comunidades científicas.
Development Of Islamic Religious Education Module Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) In Junior High School 7 State Medan City
Authors: Br. Sinulingga Eva Diana , Dahlan Zaini
Published: September 2022

This research aims to develop Islamic Religious Education teaching materials based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS), as well as to determine the level of feasibility and effectiveness of its use. The beginning of product development is carried out by analyzing and observing the needs of students and teachers and is adjusted to the curriculum applied in schools. The feasibility test was carried out with a questionnaire assessment by three experts (Experts), namely material expert, design expert, linguist, and student involvement through individual and group trials. While the effectiveness of the product can be known through field trials. The research method used is the R and D or Research and Development method, which refers to the modified development model from Borg and Gall, through 7 development steps, namely: initial study, initial product, expert validation, product revision, individual and group trials, field trials, and final products. The results of the product development of the Islamic Religious Education module based on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) are very feasible and effective, the average score for the feasibility test is 88, 38% in the very feasible category, while the average score for the acquisition of the effectiveness test is 78, 64 %. Then, on the t-test, it was concluded that there was a significant effect on student learning outcomes before and after using the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) based Islamic Education module, with the average cognitive learning achievement before using the module being 58,25 and after using the modules is 90,50.
Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Obese Individuals in Ahmedabad - An Observational Study
Authors: Vaishya Avsar Rameshkumar , Shukla Yagna Unmesh , Bhise Anjali
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by partial or complete narrowing of the pharyngeal airway during sleep, resulting in repeated episodes of airflow cessation, oxygen desaturation, and sleep interruption. Obesity is the most powerful risk factor for OSA. Obesity structurally increases the collapsibility of the pharyngeal airway due to excessive fat deposition. Prevalence of obesity in India is 40.3%. STOP-BANG questionnaire (SBQ) is a concise, effective, and reliable OSA screening tool. The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of OSA among obese individuals in Ahmedabad by using SBQ.
Method: Approval of the ethical committee was taken. Using Convenient sampling method Selection of 204 subjects according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria has been done. After taken written informed consent from the subject Screening of all subject has been done. BMI More than 25kg/m2, Age ≥18 years, both male and female and non-alcoholics were included. Not willing to participate and subjects unable to understand were excluded. Statistical analysis was done. Then prevalence has been ruled out.
Results: All data analysis was performed using SPSS 16. It was found that the prevalence of OSA was highest in Obese class-3 (84.61%), age group of 50–59 (85.29%) and male gender (71.42%). According to Chi –Square test, Association was found with male gender, age more than 50 years, and body mass index >30kg/m2.
Conclusion: 204 subjects taken for study showed prevalence of OSA among obese in Ahmedabad is 69.11%. It was also found that prevalence rate was 5.12% higher in obese males than females.

Key words: Prevalence, Obstructive sleep apnea, Obese, Ahmedabad.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards HIV Among College Students of Dhaka City, Bangladesh
Authors: Imran Faysal Ahmed , Khatun Mst. Eshita , Shahjahan Md.
Published: September 2022

Objective: HIV/AIDS is one of the fast-growing epidemics and global public health problems experienced throughout the entire world. Inadequate knowledge and misconceptions regarding the mode of transmission is responsible for the spread of HIV infection. The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and raise awareness about HIV through health education among college students.
Methods: A total number of 300 college students voluntarily participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected through an online questionnaire, tabulated and analyzed in Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 25.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). The quantitative data of the study were expressed in terms of numbers and percentages. The questionnaire included Socio-demographic information, knowledge related to HIV exposure, causative agents, high risk groups, mood of transmission and preventive measure. Chi-Square tests were used to associate the variables.
Results: The study reveals that the majority of the respondents had significant knowledge about HIV exposure, causative agent, mode of transmission and preventive measures. 71.3% of respondents recommended using condoms, 52% respondents of urban areas insisted to avoid multiple sexual partners and 78.6% respondents preferred to screen blood before transfusion. The study has significant association between age and knowledge about mood of transmission (p<0.007) as well as residence and attitude towards HIV patients(p<0.0001). Therefore, few students showed negative attitudes towards HIV patients.
Conclusion: From this study results, it is recommended that awareness programs are needed for college students regarding HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention. It would be helpful to reduce the deficit of knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS.

Key words: HIV, AIDS, Sexual behavior, Sexually Transmitted disease, College students.
Socioeconomic Status and Health-Related Expenditure in Saudi Arabia: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Alanazi Nawalf. , Alnasser Badr
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Global economic, climate, and environmental changes are among the main factors affecting the health economies of developing and developed countries and they have a significant impact on the rate of individual and family expenditure on health services and adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Aside from the formal governmental reports, there is a lack of studies that focus on the rate of per capita and family spending on the individual’s health; and studies that compare the consumption patterns and the rate of expenditure across Saudi regions.
Objectives: The study aims to describe the socio-economic status of the population in three major regions of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Riyadh, Makkah, and Hail) in respect to the rates of health-related expenditure among the population of those three regions.
Method: The study utilized a descriptive research design where secondary data gathered by the General Authority for Statistics in KSA in the year 2018 was utilized according to the purpose of the study. Comparison between the data of the three region was highlighted and discussed.
Results: The findings revealed that the average expenditure of families on health services was very minimal (1.3%) across all three regions. When comparing houshold spending on health, all the three regions scored the same, with 1% of the average monthly household expenditure goes to health, making it one of the least consumed items among families in all three regions. However, health insurance coverage among Saudi citizens shows large discrepancies, with the highest coverage rate shown in Makkah region, followed by Riyadh region, and finally Hail region.
Conclusion: The transformation of the health care system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia must take into consideration the low trends on healthcare consumption among Saudi families and design policies that ensure that healthcare coverage include all housholds in different regions regardless of their socio-economic status.

Key words: [Expenditure, Health, Saudi Arabia, Socioeconomic Status]
Correlation between Functional Independence, Depression Anxiety and Community Integration in Subjects with Post Stroke Hemiparesis
Authors: Darji Dr. Priya P , J Diwan Dr. Shraddha
Published: September 2022

Stroke is the rapid loss of brain functions due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. It is a major cause of long term disability. Stroke survivors show a variety of physical and psychosocial problems, which can affect their reintegration into the community. This study explored the association of community reintegration with motor function in form of functional independency and Post Stroke Depression (PSD) and anxiety. Sixty post stroke survivors (both acute & chronic stage) with mean age of 58.3 ± 7.8 years participated in this study, in which 36 were male and 24 were female taken from Neuro-rehabilitation OPD of SBB College of Physiotherapy, VS and SVP hospital campus. Functional Independency was assessed by Functional Independence Measure (FIM) Scale, PSD and Anxiety by the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS), and Community Reintegration by the Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ). Data analysis was done. Results show that there is Strong Positive correlation between FIM and CIQ (r = 0.861, p < 0.05), Strong Negative correlation between FIM and DASS (r = - 0.849, p < 0.05) and Strong Negative correlation between DASS and CIQ (r = - 0.819, p< 0.05) in subjects with post stroke hemiparesis. This study concluded that the higher the Functional Independence, the higher community reintegration, and the lower the PSD and anxiety. Functional independence and depression are factors that influence community reintegration and should be assessed and adequately treated before stroke survivors’ return to the community.

Key words: Community Reintegration, Functional Independence, Depression, Rehabilitation, Stroke.
An Unabridged Review of Clinical Utility of Madhura Rasa from Sushruta Samhita
Authors: R. Rao. Dr. Rakshitha , K.G. Dr. Giri Prashanth , Pradeep Dr. Seema
Published: September 2022

Ayurveda, an ancient science of medicine, describes pharmacodynamics of drugs based on the Rasa Panchaka that the drug possesses. Madhura Rasa (sweet taste) is one among the 6 tastes that Ayurveda accepts. Sushrutha Samhitha, one among the earliest authoritative treatise of Ayurveda authored by Acharya Sushrutha, known as “ Father of Surgery” has 109 references Madhura Rasa and its synonyms mentioned directly across all the Sthaanas of Sushrutha Samhitha. From the 109 references, 30 were from Sutra Sthaana, 4 from Nidana Sthaana, 8 from Shaareera Sthaana, 30 from Chikitsa Staana, none from Kalpa Sthaana and 37 from Uttara Tantra. A detailed analysis towards application of the right Dravya needs to be worked upon to make a difference in the way Madhura (Sweet taste) is looked upon in today’s world.

Key words: Ayurveda, Sushrutha, Madhura Rasa, Clinical utility
Blockchain Technology: A Novel Approach to Pharmaceutical Supply Chain
Authors: Samjiskar Hrishikesh , Salvi Shubham , Rawool Siddhi
Published: September 2022

The pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) contains various nodes including manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers, pharmacies, hospitals, and patients. Thus increasing the complexity of the process and full of loopholes which increases the chances of counterfeiting medicine. This leads to an increase in the need to develop an immutable, trustworthy, transparent and accountable system, more advanced than PSC. The main loophole in the current PSC system is drug changes ownership over every transaction making it hard to trace before it reaches the customer. In the current system, nodes do not exchange information, manufacturing doesn't know what happens to the product, and visibility to regulatory authorities is near zero, recalls are complicated and costly. Problems like traceability, visibility, and security in the current drug delivery systems are explained in this review paper, and methods to solve them are elaborated in the same. Drugs produced by manufacturers can be traced from manufacturing to delivery to the patient and after the administration for survey purposes also. The proposed system will also make it possible to retrieve and store data of patients for future statistics. By using blockchain we can store data of transactions and only certified personnel will be allowed to join and push data on the blockchain.

Key words: Blockchain, counterfeiting, supply chain, drug traceability
Examining Time Disruption on Woody Allen’s Midnight in Paris Movie: Magical Realism Study
Authors: Irma Puspita Devi
Published: September 2022

A good movie directed by Woody Allen, Midnight in Paris (2011), reached marvellous achievement by obtaining 93% on Rotten Tomatoes and massive audiences. This paper focuses on the time disruption shown by Gil Pender's magical journey in Midnight in Paris. It was based on the magical realism elements from the book Ordinary Enchantments Magical Realism and Remystification of Narrative by Wendy B. The aim is to analyze the time disruption caused by Gil Pender's actions and feelings in this movie. This study uses literary textual analysis and attempts to understand the plot and the content to gain the data. The data was collected by identifying the scene and examining the unseen condition of this movie. Time disruption happens between two eras and makes the disruption on time-stamps in this movie. Magical realism sees this as a usual matter. This study shows that the journey of Gil Pender causes and fixes the time stamps itself on Midnight in Paris (2011) movie directed by Woody Allen.
Flouting of Conversational Maxims Analysis of Characters and Social Contexts in “All The Bright Places” Movie
Authors: Aulia Zahra Tasyarasita  , Agus Hari Wibowo
Published: September 2022

This research is carried out to investigate the types of flouting of maxims and the strategies used by the characters that occur within the background of power and social distance contexts in "All The Bright Places" movie. Moreover, this research is also aimed to reveal the reasons behind the execution of the flouting of maxims. This research is employed qualitative research. The data source of this research is presented in the form of words, phrases, and sentences containing flouting of the maxims obtained from the characters' utterances in the movie. The data were analyzed using Grice's cooperative principle theory, Cutting's theory of strategies to flout the maxims, Leech's theory of illocutionary functions of politeness, and Brown and Levinson's theory of social context. The research findings concluded that four types of flouting maxims are found in the characters' utterances: flouting the maxim of quantity, flouting the maxim of quality, flouting the maxim of manner, and flouting the maxim of relevance. Only three reasons for flouting the maxims were found of four types: competitive, collaborative, and conflictive. The most frequently used flouting maxim is flouting the maxim of quality which is aligned with the competitive reason as the most commonly used reason to flout the maxim.
The Use of a Marketing Communication Strategy By English Cafe Semarang in Building Brand Awareness
Authors: Hendriyani Ida , Salwa Athiyah , Purnanta Anzie Luthfy
Published: September 2022

The business world has overgrown, creating fierce competition among English course institutions in Indonesia. The marketing communication strategy becomes vital for these institutions in informing about the products and the brands to form market perceptions of the services offered and to build brand awareness. The success of a marketing communication strategy of a business can be measured by its brand awareness among the market audiences. English Café is an English course institution in Semarang City that has the concept of making a café a supporting tool and a convenient place for studying and practicing English. Our research aims to explore its marketing communication strategy and measure its brand awareness among the samples taken from Semarang citizens, including its students and others. The qualitative method is used in the analysis with a descriptive data presentation. The tools include observations, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The researcher found the data result, there were 43 respondents; 12 respondents recognized English Café as an English course institution in Semarang. It was called Top of Mind which had a percentage of 27.91%. They had built the Top of Mind level of brand awareness for English Café Semarang. The researcher found 22 respondents who recalled the English Café brand without the aid of recall when they needed the English Café course program. It was called Brand Recall which had a percentage of 51.17%. In the last finding, the researcher got 9 respondents who were unaware of the English Café brand as an English course institution in Semarang. It was called Unaware of Brand which had a percentage of 20.93%.
Students' Perception of Vlog as A Self-Learning Media in Speaking
Authors: Faiza Dinar , Bestari Ade Christanty Yudha , Mayekti Meilina Haris
Published: September 2022

Speaking is one of the most challenging skills in learning English. Many obstacles are faced when learning to speak, such as lack of motivation, fear of making mistakes, and lack of self-confidence. These problems are often found during the teaching and learning process in the classroom. A teacher is expected to continue innovating for exciting and fun learning methods and media to increase learning interest, motivation, confidence, and creativity in speaking. It is needed not only in the classroom but also in independent learning. This study aims to discover students' perception of the learning process for their speaking skills through using vlogs as a self-learning media and the effect of using vlogs on students' motivation, confidence and creativity. The researcher took the research object of the English Language Teaching Department students in UNU Purwokerto. The data were obtained by giving a speaking project as a vlog with a specific theme. Data collection was conducted by providing questionnaires and interviews to find out students' perceptions about the effect of using vlogs for the improvement of motivation, confidence and creativity and also observing the students' vlogs to find out the learning process of speaking from the aspect of pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. Data analysis is qualitative descriptive with theories from Dulay and Fromkin (1982). This study found that based on students' perceptions, they agreed that using vlogs improved their motivation, confidence and creativity. Meanwhile, based on the observation, it was found that there were some pronunciation errors and grammar mistakes in the students' speaking, but they showed improvement in choosing vocabulary. Some students used a variety of vocabularies that were rarely used in the class.
AN ANALYSIS OF AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO CAROTID BODY TUMOR SURGICAL TREATMENT AT THE NATIONAL RESEARCH ONCOLOGY CENTER (NUR-SULTAN, KAZAKHSTAN)
Authors: TULEMISSOV A.
Published: September 2022

Relevance: Carotid body tumors (CBT) account for 0.01% of all head and neck tumors. 5-15% of CBTs are malignant. The expansive
growth of this tumor and its tight attachment to the carotid arteries pose a risk of damage to the main blood vessels and cranial nerves
during surgery, which can lead to life-threatening bleeding. Today, preoperative embolization of CBT feeding vessels (PECBT) is used to
minimize blood loss during CBT radical excision.
The study aimed to evaluate the results of preoperative preparation of patients with CBT by PECBT; justification of a CBT incidence
multicenter study to determine CBT’s current status in Kazakhstan.
Methods: An anamnesis was collected from all patients, and instrumental diagnostic studies (ultrasound, CTA) were performed. We
used the Shamblin (1971) classification of CBT modified by Luna-Ortiz et al. (2006). PECBT was performed to prepare patients for open
surgery. CBT excision tactics were selected depending on the classification of the CBT, according to Shamblin.
Results: Out of 9 patients with CBT, seven patients complained mainly of a neck tumor; the others mentioned pain and dysphagia. Four
patients had a left-side CBT, and the others had a right-side. One tumor was Shamblin type I, five were Shamblin type II, and three were
Shamblin type III. Eight patients underwent PECBT, and one was operated on without PECBT. In 8 cases, CBT was surgically incised;
one patient did not show up for the second stage of treatment. Arterial reconstruction was required in two cases. First, an average size
tumor was 27.4 cm3
. The CBT excision was controlled without significant bleeding thanks to the presence of an embolic agent. Blood loss
averaged 750 ml; reinfusion – 243.3 ml.
Conclusion: The CBT incidence in Kazakhstan has not been studied yet, so a multicenter study is required. Early ultrasound and CT
diagnostics support providing patients with up-to-date, efficient surgical treatment. In addition, PECBT provides favorable conditions for
tumor resection without hemodynamically significant blood loss
Implementation of Evidence-Based Dentistry in Restorative Dentistry
Authors: Basudan Thuraya , Alhazzani Hisham , Alsubaie Khalid , Albalawi Waad , Alafare Sultan , Badghaish Fatimah , Alotaibi Hamoud , Algohani Llojun , Almalki Mohammed , Althobaiti Mohammed , Majeed Mosab
Published: September 2022

American Dental Association defines evidence-based dentistry as a method of making oral health-care decisions that involve the careful consideration of important clinical scientific evidence relating to the patient's oral health, medical condition, history, as well as the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient needs and preferences. Evidence -based dentistry combines the best information available with clinical competence as well as the requirements and preferences of the patient. The ultimate goal of restorative dentistry has always been optimizing tooth shape. Not only is it necessary to recreate the missing tooth anatomy, but it is also necessary to restore optimal form and function. Patients are increasingly favouring restorative treatment over extractions. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the implementation of evidence-based dentistry in restorative dentistry. Evidence-based dentistry is beneficial in a variety of ways, and it is quickly becoming an important aspect of patient treatment, dental education, and research. In restorative dentistry, core outcome sets are needed, since they may boost the relevance of measured outcomes for all stakeholders, not only dental researchers, and limit the danger of bias reporting, as well as improve trial comparability, enhancing synthesis. Evidence-based dentistry does have the potential to usher the dental profession into a new age. Field of dentistry must take steps to keep up with the current evidence-based care paradigm. Despite the fact that evidence-based dentistry is widely accepted, its implementation in clinical practice is far behind especially in the field of restorative dentistry
Urinary Tract Infections Among Geriatric Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alamri Husam , Alnamlah Suliman , Altulayqi Waleed , Owaydhah Eyad , Almohammadi Abdullah , Allam Ammar , Alotaibi Awnallah , Alsayed Raghad , Albejawi Abdulrahman
Published: September 2022

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most popular infection in the geriatric community, and the first popular is urine and fecal incontinence. Because of the effects of immunological aging, elderly are more susceptible to bacterial microorganisms and viral infections. The disease ranges from relatively harmless cystitis to potentially fatal pyelonephritis. This article aims to discuss the epidemiology, diagnosis, risk factors, progress of the disease, causative microorganisms, and guidelines for drug management of UTIs in geriatric patients. This study was performed following the PRISMA checklist. PubMed (2016-2022), Biological Sciences (ProQuest) (2012-2022), and ScienceDirect were used to locate English-language literature (2018-2022). We extracted data to assess the epidemiology, diagnosis, risk factors, causative microorganisms, and treatment management of UTIs in geriatric patients. This systematic review encompassed 11 observational studies including a total of 945,908 elderly patients and were published between 2012 and 2022. The prevalence varies across the studies. Urinary catheterization, gender, polypharmacy, comorbidities especially diabetes mellites older age, dementia, older age, vaginitis, previous history of UTI, bedridden state, and antimicrobial use were the independent risk factors. E. coli was the most found causative agent. Antibiotics were given specifically for UTIs. Despite the high rate of risk factors and prevalence of UTIs in the geriatric, treatment options are minimal. There is no evidence to support the use of antibiotics for long-term UTI prevention. However, alternative prophylaxis methods for patients with recurring infections must be developed. Although further studies are required to properly understand the clinical features and treatment modalities in elderly patients within the community or under institutional care.