bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of cows treatment with purulent pododermatitis complicated by keratomycetes
Authors: Khomyn N. M. , Mysak A. R. , Tsisinska S. V. , Pritsak V. V. , Nazaruk N. V. , Lenjo Yu. M.
Published: November 2020

One of the main branches of agricultural production in Ukraine was and remains animal husbandry. Under modern conditions of cattle breeding, the hooves of cows deserve special attention of a veterinarian, which are often exposed to various adverse factors, which, for the most part, leads to the development of inflammatory processes in the area of the base of the sole skin, sometimes of septic genesis complicated by keratomycetes.  It is known that for the treatment of orthopedically ill animals there is enough wide arsenal of medicinal substances and developed methods of therapy, however, most of the proposed means exhibit only antibacterial properties, act in the lesions superficially, poorly penetrate into the depths of the tissues and do not always give the desired result. Therefore, the aim of the work was to develop an effective method of treatment of such animals with the use of medicinal substances with a wide range of antibacterial, antimycotic action, which have the ability to penetrate into tissues and promote their regeneration. For research, two groups of cows were formed, 5 animals in each, selected on the principle of analogues in terms of the nature and location of the pathological process. For therapeutic purposes, the cows of both groups after anesthesia were corrective clearing, formed a funnel-shaped hole in the area of purulent pododermatitis and irrigated with 10 % hypertonic sodium chloride solution. On the affected area, the animals of the control group was applied a finely grated (separately) mixture of potassium permanganate and boric acid, and the control – a mixture of nanoclusters of aquachelates Ag, Cu, Zn, impregnated with a cotton swab and pantevenoli. A bandage and a protective cover were applied to the affected hooves of animals of both groups. It is defined that the proposed method of treatment makes it possible to promote the recovery of animals and reduce the treatment period by 6 days, confirmed by the results of clinical, biochemical, bacteriological, mycological and statistical studies.
Clinical and cost-effectiveness analysis of the methods of therapy and prevention of andrological pathologies using drugs based on ozone and nano-biomaterials
Authors: Naumenko S. V.
Published: November 2020

Practical implementation of the latest pharmacological developments is possible provided that their clinical and economic efficiency is assessed. At the same time, the issues of economic feasibility of using the latest diagnostic techniques, as well as means of therapy and prevention of the male reproductive pathologies system remain poorly studied. The aim of the work was to analyze the cost-effectiveness of methods of therapy and prevention of andrological diseases with drugs based on ozonated and nanobiomaterials. The following research tasks were set: to establish the clinical and economic effectiveness of the method of therapy of males for nonspecific balanoposthitis with ozone-containing drugs OCO and Prozon and to determine the economic effect of treatment and prevention methods of alimentary and toxic reproductive diseases in males using drugs based on nanobiomatersals. Clinical and economic efficacy of the treatment method of males with nonspecific balanoposthitis was established by estimating the cost of treatment of animals group with OCO and Prozon by changes in the diseaseduration from treatment to recovery of the fetus compared with conventional antibiotic therapy. The economic effect of therapy and prevention methodsof alimentary and toxic reproductive diseases was evaluated by changes in sperm quality and calculated the average number of additional sperm doses received from the males. The duration of the period from the beginning of treatment to recovery in boars with the use of ozone-containing drugs was: when using OKO – 6.7 ± 0.18 days, and Prozon – 6.1 ± 0.21 days, which was less by 0.9–1.5 days compared with the introduction of gentamicin ointment. And in bulls when using the drug OKO – by 6.7 ± 0.33 days, and Prozon – 5.14 ± 0.26 days, which was less by 1.1–2.7 days. At the same time, the cost of treatment of one male has decreased by 42.3 % with the use of OKO and 37.5 % – Prozon. Despite the higher cost of the drug Prozon, its use is more effective due to faster recovery of the malts. An increase in ejaculate volume, sperm motility, concentration based on the results of correction of alimentary and toxic reproductive diseases has been established; the number of sperm with morphological abnormalities, on the other side, was probably reduced. The complex drug “Karafand+OV,Zn” had a high economic effect due to the possibility of additional receipt 6 spermodoses from the boar and 22 from the bull for the correction of reproductive diseases of the alimentary type and 6 spermodoses from the boar and 20 from the bull – toxic type.
Pathomorphological characteristics of viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits
Authors: Zaika S. S. , Bezdіtko L. V. , Guralska S. V. , Kot T. F. , Khomenko Z. V.
Published: November 2020

The dead animals have a pathomorphological picture with a brightly expressed hemorrhagic diathesis, in many organs there is venous stasis. Blood does not clot for several hours, and at autopsy of organs (heart, lungs, liver, kidneys) it is poured in significant amounts into the body cavity. Macroscopically, the most significant changes are observed in the respiratory system. The lungs are blood-filled, intensely swollen and unevenly colored, have a grayish-pink color with single or multiple spotted and spotted hemorrhages under the pleura. Red or almost colorless liquid flows down from the incision surface, foamy exudate is released from the bronchi when pressed on. There are no patterns in the localization of pathomorphological changes in any part of the lungs (apical, cardiac, diaphragmatic): all parts are damaged at once, or mainly in one or another part. The walls of the trachea, nasal cavities, to a lesser extent the larynx are distinctly hemorrhagic. Their red color is more often caused by venous hyperemia. The lumen of the trachea and larynx is filled with red or colorless foamy fluid. Changes in the liver are constant, but not always the same type and are due to the degree of its blood supply, which causes a change in color, amount and consistency. In the first hours after the death of the animal, the liver is usually completely blood-filled, enlarged, easily torn, has a reddish-brown color with a yellowish tinge in the central parts of the lobes. The capillary network of the body looks like red streaks and dots of irregular shape. Spotted hemorrhages are sometimes observed under the capsule of the organ. The gallbladder contains some bile, its mucous is rough, a bit exfoliated. The spleen is increased in size by 1.5–3 times, swollen, dark cherry in color with a typical purple tinge. The kidneys are completely blood-filled, reddish-brown and increased in several times. The thymus is slightly reddened, often with multiple spotted or spotted hemorrhages in the chest. Lymph nodes are pulpy, grayish-pink, rarely red, not significantly changed in size. The heart (especially its right half) is filled with a large amount of  black and red blood, increased in size , the walls of the ventricles are stretched, thin, have flabby consistency. Multiple spotted and spotted hemorrhages under the epicardium and endocardium are common. Changes in the gastrointestinal tract characterize catarrhal (rarely catarrhal-hemorrhagic) inflammation, sometimes hemorrhage in the duodenum and rectum, exfoliation of the gastric mucosa. In the form of hemorrhage, pathological and anatomical changes are found in the uterus and adrenal glands, in the form of congestive hyperemia – in the genitals, goiter, brain.
Influence of protein-mineral feed additive from marine aquatic organisms on growth intensity and nonspecific resistance of broiler chickens under different microclimate conditions
Authors: Dankevych N. I. , Salata V. Z.
Published: November 2020

The conducted research was aimed at determination of the impact produced by feeding protein and mineral feed additive produced out of the primary processing aquatic organisms wastes: sea mussels, red algae as well as of the sea water upon the productivity and non-specific resistance of broiler chickens raised in conditions of the normative and non-normative characteristics of the broiler house microclimate. The feed additive was applied to 20–42 day broiler chickens of “Ross 308” cross. The studied broilers were clinically healthy. Throughout the entire experiment, a series of the sanitary and hygienic microclimate parameters were determined, such as temperature, humidity, rate of changes as well as bacterial contamination of air, content of ammonia and carbon dioxide in air, and illumination of the broiler house. The house temperature was measured every day with the aid of a common spirit-in glass thermometer. Air humidity was established with the aid of an August psychrometer, air draft speed, harmful gas concentrations and illumination indicators were measured in compliance with the generally accepted methods. Bacterial contamination was determined with the use of the method of microorganism precipitation on a solid breeding ground placed in Petri dishes followed by a count of the bacterial colonies per 1 m3. The blood analysis included determination of haemoglobin, erythrocytes and leukocytes. In the blood serum, the lysozyme activity (LABS) and bactericidal activity (BABS) were determined. It was established that enriching the basic ration with the protein and mineral additive in quantity of 7 % in addition to the feed mass under conditions of the normative microclimate produced a positive effect on the growth intensity, livability and non-specific resistance indices of the broiler chickens. Thus, the live weight of broilers was reliably greater by 4.7 % and the livability equalled 100 %. The haemoglobin content was reliably greater by 7.6 %, erythrocytes – by 11.5 %, BABS – by 34.5 % and LABS – by 35.9 % as compared with the control group of broiler chickens. At the same time, when the studied feed additive was fed to broiler chickens kept in the microclimate conditions that did not meet the normative requirements, the reliable difference to the control indices was not established. Hence, the research results have proved that application of the protein and mineral feed additive is effective under the optimal microclimate conditions. High figures of livability and growth intensity of broiler chickens are based on a high resistance which is being formed provided the optimal microclimate and application of feed additives have been provided.
Dynamics of morphological and biochemical parameters in the blood of white mice under the action of the drug “Vitosept”
Authors: Soltys M. P. , Gunchak V. M. , Rudyk H. V. , Vasiv R. O.
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of the study of the drug toxicity “Vitosept” in its preclinical studies in intact white mice. It was found that according to the assessment of toxicological parameters of the studied biocidal product is low-toxic. Oral administration of even its highest concentrations (500 mg/l) did not show a pronounced toxic effect. During the action of the drug for 20 days no deviations in the clinical condition, behavioral reactions, reflex activity did not occur. It was found that most of the values that characterize the functional state of the hematopoietic and hepatobiliary systems, against the background of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite, did not undergo significant changes compared with the control. The hemoglobin content in the blood of white mice in the experimental groups increased compared with the control in the first three experimental groups (concentration of GHN 100–300 mg/l). With increasing concentration of the drug, when administered intraperitoneally, there was a greater number of leukocytes in the blood of laboratory animals. At the same time, a probable increase in this indicator was found only in mice of the II experimental group when administered orally to animals of the lowest test concentration (100 mg/l). The concentration of total protein, urea and glucose in the blood of white mice under the action of “Vitosept” was similar in animals of the control and experimental groups. The revealed tendency to increase the activity of certain enzymes (LF, ALT, AST) was short-lived, and is obviously a compensatory response of animals to the xenobiotic effect of the drug. On the 20th day of the experiment, the studied white mice of the experimental groups were close to those in the control group.
Intelectuais públicos brasileiros e a pandemia global de covid-19: Perspectivas
Authors: Teixeira Adriana , Bernardo Kaluan , Arruda Renê Eduardo
Published: November 2020

Intelectuais públicos são frequentemente convidados por meios de comunicação para proporem conceitos, percepções e reflexões acerca de debates, discursos e fenômenos contemporâneos. No contexto da pandemia global de covid-19, dezenas de textos de autoria de intelectuais foram difundidos, cada um deles propondo uma via de análise distinta sobre diversos aspectos do cenário contemporâneo, dentre elas a quarentena, política, sistema econômico, poder, sociedade e vigilância. Como qualquer fenômeno global, a pandemia tem especificidades decorrentes do contexto social e político local. Intelectuais públicos brasileiros têm considerado estas especificidades do contexto nacional em suas análises. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um panorama das análises de intelectuais públicos brasileiros sobre o fenômeno da pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil, mapeando conceitos, percepções e perspectivas de seus textos publicados em meios de comunicação.
O tempo da moda: Ciclos e fluxo
Authors: Mitre Maria Augusta da Silveira , Motta Leda Tenório da
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho volta-se ao estudo da dinâmica do fluxo da moda, na figura de seus ciclos, entendendo-os como estruturadores de um fenômeno complexo maior, que traz relação direta com o tempo social, e sua capacidade comunicacional. Assinalando que o ciclo é parte integrante da própria definição de moda, mostramos como esta estrutura esteve sempre presente ao longo da sua história, e, ao mesmo tempo, proporcionando a qualidade de fluidez necessária para que as transformações da moda operassem, fazendo com que o fenômeno moda se modifique e sobreviva, adaptando-se aos novos tempos, sem perder sua característica de sazonalidade e sua ligação com a efemeridade, bem como, a sua capacidade de nos indicar o tempo histórico em que está inserida. Os principais referenciais do nosso trabalho envolvem diferentes estudos sobre a moda, com a intenção de encontrar nesses teóricos suas referências sobre a estrutura cíclica e o fluxo do fenômeno da moda. Resgatamos alguns dos principais teóricos pioneiros do final do século XIX, início do XX, à luz do que nos ensina Gilda de Mello e Souza. Trazemos, também, referências de Walter Benjamin para pensar a modernidade e Roland Barthes para pensar o século XX e Ted Polhemus para pensar a contemporaneidade. Sempre com o respaldo do pensamento de Gilles Lipovetsky e o auxílio de outros historiadores da moda, com a finalidade maior de buscar como enxergaram o ciclo e o fluxo da moda, e chegar a uma compreensão das engrenagens da moda.
Le cerveau bilingue : processus cérébraux lors de l’acquisition du langage
Authors: Gabriotti Rafaela Bepe , Zomignan Rosângela
Published: November 2020

Ce travail est une étude sur l’acquisition de la langue, les processus cérébraux impliqués lors de son acquisition et le bilinguisme. L’objectif de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre comment deux langues apprennent simultanément, afin que nous puissions être mieux préparés à aider les enfants lors de l’acquisition linguistique, ainsi que de soutenir l’enseignant et la famille à travers des bases théoriques. Des aspects tels que l’organisation corticale de la langue, les différences entre le cerveau bilingue, par rapport au cerveau monolingues, et l’influence de l’interaction sociale sur l’apprentissage linguistique sont expliqués dans ce travail pour fournir une vue d’ensemble de l’acquisition de la langue bilingue. Pour cette étude, nous avons choisi d’utiliser la recherche bibliographique de la littérature étrangère, parce que pas assez de matériaux ont été trouvés dans les Portugais qui couvraient les domaines d’étude envisagés. Les résultats montrent comment le cerveau traite l’acquisition de langage, montre la différence entre apprendre deux langues simultanément, et séquentiellement, et présente comment les facteurs sociaux et le langage sont associés.
Das origens da Belém seiscentista e sua herança Tupinambá
Authors: Pereira Carlos Simões , Almeida Arthur da Costa
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre as origens históricas da cidade de Belém, metrópole da Amazônia, localizada às margens da Baía de Guajará, no lado oposto à Ilha de Marajó. Baseado principalmente na obra de D’Evreux, um cronista francês que andou por estas bandas por volta de 1613, logo depois da fundação do Forte São Luís, no atual estado do Maranhão, acompanhando os invasores franceses. Antes dessa época, já havia no Marajó o Cacicado Marajoara, um agrupamento indígena dos tupinambás, desde o V século da Era Cristã. Possivelmente por conta de mudanças climáticas, ocorreu a queda do Cacicado, levando a que transferissem a sua capital Meiry para o lugar onde hoje se ergue a cidade de Belém. Com a efetiva conquista do território pelos portugueses, os tupinambás foram para outros cantos e muitos se misturaram com a população, dando origem ao caboco paraense. Sua língua, bem como sua cultura, foram suprimidas pelos invasores europeus, principalmente depois do governo português do Marquês de Pombal, que expulsou os jesuítas da Amazônia. Vestígios dessa cultura tupinambá existem até hoje, principalmente nas comidas típicas, nos nomes de lugares, de ruas, de animais, no uso medicinal de plantas nativas, bem como na língua do dia a dia dos paraenses, tanto nas palavras como no modo de pronunciar alguns fonemas.
Национальная система негосударственного высшего образования: преемственность, проблемы, перспективы
Authors: Растимешина Т.В. , Добрынина М.В. , Панкина С.Н.
Published: November 2020

Эпоха перемен — так можно назвать постсоветский период развития российского общества. Мы живем в стране, которую строим заново. Мы не сожалеем о разрушенной командной плановой системе экономики и авторитарной политической системе; каждый молодой человек сегодня скажет, что будущее за демократией и гражданским обществом, что рыночная экономика является необходимым условием построения социального государства. В целом перемены — реформы, радикальные революционные преобразования — коснулись всего общества. Система образования не могла стать исключением. Однако если речь заходит о системе образования, то изменения в ней не будут иметь однозначных оценок. И это вполне объяснимо: реформирование российской системы образования шло и, по мнению авторов, продолжает идти, едва ли не самым тернистым путем.
Influence of the 3D Printing Process Settings on Tensile Strength of PLA and HT-PLA
Authors: Hanon Muammel M. , Marczis Róbert , Zsidai László
Published: November 2020

Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is presently the most common utilized 3D printing technology. Since this printing technology makes the bodies anisotropic, therefore, investigate the process with different settings is worthwhile. Tensile test specimens of two plastics have been carried out to examine the mechanical properties. Polylactic acid (PLA) and High Temperature PLA (HT-PLA) are the used materials for this purpose. A total of seventy-two test pieces of the two used polymers were printed and evaluated. Three parameters were examined in twelve different settings when printing the tensile test specimens. The considered settings are; six raster directions, three build orientations and two filling factors. The differences in stress-strain curves, tensile strength values and elongation at break were compared among the tested samples. The broken specimens after the tensile test are illustrated, which gave insight into how the test pieces printed with different parameters were fractured. The optimum printing setting is represented at crossed 45/−45° raster direction, X orientation and 100 % fill factor, where the highest tensile strength of 59.7 MPa at HT-PLA and the largest elongation of about 3.5 % at PLA were measured.
风力发电机组基础环平整度缺陷处理方案
Authors: 郭 永生
Published: November 2020

近年来随着国家对新能源的开发利用的快速发展，风力发电开发建设工程也进入了快速发展阶段，由于各个开发公司和施工单位的水平存在不同程度的偏差，施工质量也同样出现了良莠不齐的现象，本篇根据施工中风机机组基础环的施工缺陷提出一种处理方案，以供大家参考。
水利水电基础工程施工中不良地基的处理技术
Authors: 王 江
Published: November 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国社会经济水平得到了全面的提升，从而导致了社会的发展和民众的生活对水利能源以及电力能源的需求量都在不断的增加，在这种形势下人们对水利水电工程施工工作越发的重视。为了能够为社会发展提供充足的能源支持，那么就需要加大力度实施水利资源的开发和利用。就水利水电基础工程施工工作来说，不良地基是施工过程中最为重要的一个问题，造成这一问题的主要根源就是因为工程所处地区地质结构较差，地质抗滑稳定性较低，所以在发生地质振动情况的时候，就会对建筑结构整体稳定性产生一定的损害。水利水电基础工程具有较强的隐蔽性，所以如果前期不能保证良好的勘察效果那么必然影响到后期的施工工作的效率和质量。针对上述问题，我们需要充分结合地基结构各方面实际情况来挑选适当的施工技术，从根本上增强地基的载荷能力，提升地基结构整体稳定性，为后续水利水电工程施工工作打下坚实的基础。
输电线路工程高塔组立施工技术措施研究
Authors: 胡 炳武 , 王 勇 , 胡 云章
Published: November 2020

输电线路施工是电力工程建设的重要项目，施工作业所面临的环境条件不同，所适应的技术方法也有所差异。尤其是高塔组立是杆塔施工的重要内容，存在较大的施工难度，现场作业风险系数大，必须要提前综合现场条件做全面分析，科学设计施工方案，预测施工阶段可能会遇到的问题，然后通过技术工艺的控制，来消除影响，达到与设计方案一致的施工效果，为输电线路的高质量建设提供保障。本次总结了以往输电线路工程高塔组立施工的实践经验，并对施工技术做了更进一步的分析，争取可以达到更好的施工效果。
水利工程施工管理措施优化分析
Authors: 黄 湖
Published: November 2020

当前社会背景下水利工程基础建设进程加快，水利工程施工管理备受关注。水利工程施工管理属于综合性项目，涉及内容多且分散，有人员管理、材料管理、技术管理等。当前水利工程施工管理也存在制约性问题。如管理体系不健全、管理机制不完善、管理责任制度不明确等，这些都是水利工程施工管理的重点关注对象。文中以水利工程施工管理为研究对象，探讨其具体的管理举措，以期借助行之有效的管理举措实现水利工程施工管理的最优化，推动水利工程建设，利国利民。
高压输电线路状态检修技术浅析
Authors: 武 威
Published: November 2020

在最近的几年时间里，我国社会综合国力得到了显著的提升从而为各个领域的发展壮大创造了良好的基础，在这种形势下各个领域的发展以及民众的生活对电力能源的需求量在不断的增加，这样就对电力运输线路提出了更高的要求。为了保证电路运行的稳定性和安全性，就需要切实的落实电线运行状态的检测工作，对电能输送线路运行情况加以实时了解和掌握，从而能够对线路中所存在的隐患进行及时准确的判断，并利用有效的方式方法加以解决，保证电力能源输电线路能够正常的运行。就现如今实际情况来说，我国针对输电线路所实施的检测工作形式主要是定期维护的方式，但是这种方法无法有效的对输电线路的运行状况进行全面的检测，最终就会造成诸多资源浪费的问题发生。在科学技术飞速发展的影响下，状态维修工作得到了良好的发展，从而促进了专业技术水平的不断提升，在确保电力系统运行安全的前提下，促使企业能够获得更加丰厚的经济收益。结合各个地区实际情况以及设备实际情况，制定切实可行的输电线路检测方案，针对输电线路进行高效的管理，促进电力能源行业的稳步健康发展。
肉禽屠宰加工废水治理技术研究
Authors: 董 柯
Published: November 2020

屠宰行业所带来的环境污染问题近年来受到社会各界的普遍关注，文章将重点分析肉禽屠宰行业加工废水的水质特点，并在基础上介绍目前国内比较先进的废水预处理技术和常规处理工艺，旨在为屠宰废水治理提供有效参考和借鉴依据，此次研究具有十分重要的工程实用价值。
基于云计算的电力数据中心基础架构及其关键技术
Authors: 周 平春
Published: November 2020

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，使得我国综合国力得到了显著的提升，从而为各个领域的发展壮大带来了良好的机遇。在这种形势下，我国信息领域的发展也取得了良好的成绩。信息集成的运用能够有效的提升信息的利用效率，并且可以为制定各项发展决策提供有力的支持。数据中心是完成信息集成的关键基础，所以不仅具有良好的现实意义，并且在推动人类社会稳定发展方面也具有积极的影响作用。数据中心是当前专业人士所研究的核心内容，并且是电力企业朝着智能电网方向发展的主要基础，为了确保信息共享以及系统集成整体效果，电力企业正在不断的加大力度推进智能电网系统以及数据中心基础框架的创建。
The Code Switching of Singkil Language in Indonesian Language Learning Process at Junior High School of Aceh Singkil and Its Usefulness as Student Reading Material
Authors: Khairunsyah M. , Adisaputera Abdurahman , Marice Marice
Published: November 2020

In teaching learning process at SMP Darulmuta'alimin Tanah Merah Aceh Singkil, code switching and code mixing are useful in some events. This does not only happen to students, but also teachers who have the same background (mother tongue) as students. A teacher at SMP Darulmuta'alimin Tanah Merah Aceh Singkil uses the local language or mother tongues so that the students are being taught understand. In accordance with the explanation of Article 36, Chapter XV, of the 1945 Constitution, it can be seen that the language of instruction is used in the teaching and learning process in the Indonesian class. This type of research is qualitative analytical descriptive, which seeks to describe the characteristics of the data in accordance with the actual situation. The description is described as it is systematically, factually, and accurately regarding the data and characteristics of the phenomena under study. The data shows that the code switching event in Indonesian language learning in grade VII-A SMP Darulmuta'alimin Tanah Merah Aceh Singkil, which is from the Singkil language to Indonesian. Since the beginning of the conversation in the learning process, the teacher and students communicate using Singkil and the end of their conversation using Indonesian.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS COMO EFETIVAÇÃO DA TUTELA CONSTITUCIONAL DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Demarchi Clovis , Cardoso Jeane Cristina de Oliveira
Published: November 2020

Este artigo aborda aspectos do Direito à Educação preceituado no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, especialmente, no tratamento consagrado na norma constitucional, disposto na CRFB/1988, sobretudo na importância atribuída ao tema caracterizando-o como um Direito Social, de grande relevância para a Sociedade e Estado. Procura-se demonstrar a superioridade das normas constitucionais em relação às demais normas do ordenamento jurídico e a abordagem do texto constitucional acerca da Educação. A Educação por ser o direito que contribui para o crescimento intelectual, social e cultural do indivíduo, foi alçada ao nível de norma constitucional. Sua importância é de tamanha relevância que foi caracterizada como direito social e apresenta uma seção específica dos artigos 205 ao 214. O direito a educação, encontra guarida nas ações do Estado, nos três níveis (união, estado e municípios) através de Políticas Públicas criadas com a intenção de fortalecer esse direito.
Palavras-Chave: Norma Constitucional. Direito à Educação. Políticas Públicas.
Abstract
This article addresses aspects of the Right to Education prescribed in the Brazilian legal system, especially in the treatment enshrined in the constitutional rule, provided for in Constitution of 1988, above all in the importance attributed to the theme, characterizing it as a Social Law, of great relevance to Society and State. It seeks to demonstrate the superiority of the constitutional rules in relation to the other norms of the legal system and the approach of the constitutional text about Education. Education, being the right that contributes to the individual's intellectual, social and cultural growth, was raised to the level of constitutional norm. Its importance is of such relevance that it was characterized as a social right and presents a specific section of articles 205 to 214. The right to education, finds shelter in the actions of the State, at the three levels (union, state and municipalities) through Public Policies created with the intention of strengthening this right.
Keywords: Constitutional Norm. Right to education. Public policy
Microbiological Estimation of Nasal Spray Containing Naltrexone Hydrochloride
Authors: Domnina Yu. M. , Suslov V. V. , Grammatikova N. E. , Kedik S. A.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. In order to standardize the quality indicators during the expected shelf life of the developed drug naltrexone hydrochloride in the form of a nasal spray containing a high concentration of poloxamer and benzalkonium chloride as a preservative, a microbiological study was carried out. The possibility of using the membrane filtration method for testing prototypes recommended by the State Pharmacopoeia XIV.

Aim. Study and selection of test conditions for the «microbiological purity» indicator of nasal spray samples containing naltrexone hydrochloride.

Materials and methods. As an object of research, a naltrexone hydrochloride nasal spray was used. When analyzing the microbiological purity, the membrane filtration method recommended in the State Pharmacopoeia XIV.

Results and discussion. As part of the study, it was found that the samples of the drug meet the requirements for a microbiological indicator for drugs of category 2. Testing the suitability of the method for samples of the dosage form showed that the antimicrobial effect of the drug was completely removed by washing the filter, which was proved by inoculation of indicator test microorganisms, the quantitative and qualitative nature of growth, which did not differ from the control without the drug.

Conclusion. As a result of the studies carried out, the optimal test conditions for the «Microbiological purity» indicator for the nasal spray containing naltrexone hydrochloride were selected and substantiated.
Indolo[2,3-a]carbazole Derivatives with Antitumor Activity and Instrumental Methods for Their Investigation (Review)
Authors: Kozin D. A. , Shprakh Z. S. , Reshetnyak V. Yu. , Nesterova O. V. , Avertseva I. N. , Rodionova G. M.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. Currently, more than 600 thousand people a year are affected by malignant tumors on the territory of the Russian Federation. Despite the large selection of antitumor drugs and the variety of mechanisms of their action, the effectiveness of existing drugs continues to be insufficient. The main disadvantages of most antitumor drugs are the emergence of tolerance to them of tumor cells, a limited range of action and high toxicity. In this regard, the creation of effective original domestic antitumor drugs still remains relevant. Among the numerous natural and synthetic heterocyclic compounds that exhibit antitumor activity, indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives that can initiate various pathways of tumor cell death are of increasing interest. The main targets for their action are topoisomerases and protein kinases, which play an important role in the processes of replication, transcription, repair or recombination of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Due to this, in addition to antitumor activity, this group of compounds shows antibacterial, аntiprotozoal and immunomodulatory activity, which makes them a very promising class of candidates for the creation of new drugs.

Text. The purpose of this review is to discuss instrumental methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives used in the world's leading pharmacopoeias. These methods can be used both in pharmacokinetic studies, and in the standardization of these compounds, in the form of pharmaceutical substances, or as part of drug forms.

Conclusion. To further introduce a new group of antitumor drugs based on indole[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives into medical practice, a deep and thorough study of their physical and chemical properties is necessary. Justification and development of analysis methods allow us to develop methods applicable to pharmacokinetic studies, as well as to create regulatory documents for quality control and standardization of indolo[2,3-a] carbazole derivatives as pharmaceutical substances. A study of the literature that describes methods for analyzing indolo[2,3-a]carbazole derivatives indicates that spectrometric (infrared and ultraviolet spectrometry) and chromatographic (thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography) methods are most often used to determine the authenticity and quantitative analysis of these compounds.
New Approach to Drug Delivery in Ophthalmological Practice: Development of Composite Ophthalmological Solution for Drug Loading of Soft Contact Lenses
Authors: Naplekov D. K. , Zhilyakova E. T. , Malyutina A. Yu. , Bondarev A. V. , Demina N. B. , Novikov O. O. , Abramovich R. A.
Published: November 2020

Introduction. This article provides a tentative justification of use of soft contact lenses as a carrier of ophthalmological solutions to eye tissues.

Aim. The aim of the research is to develop the composition of the ophthalmic transport system for the treatment of glaucoma. Also, the proposed manufacturing algorithms were proposed for drug loading ophthalmological solutions.

Materials and methods. Preparation of sodium hyaluronate solution was carried out based on the methodology described in EP 7.0 [01/2011:1472] (Sodium hyaluronate).

Results and discussion. The conducted investigation with the purpose to justify a concentration of sodium hyaluronate helped to determine its concentration that gives the viscosity level as close to the upper limit stated in Russian Pharmacopoeia as possible. Buffer solution was chosen with criteria to use as less components in ophthalmological solution as possible. Also, it was found out that the more components are added to the viscous solution, the more viscosity level is decreased. Thus, initial viscosity of solution containing sodium hyaluronate was 149.59 mm2/s, and after addition of active pharmaceutical substance it dropped down to 88.49 mm2/s and 81.36 mm2/s for model solution number 1 and 2, respectively. After addition of citric acid and disodium hydrophosphate, the viscosity of model solution was found to be 78.11 mm2/s and 75.28 mm2/s for model solution number 1 and 2, respectively.

Conclusion. As a result of the studies, two alternative model compositions of an ophthalmic solution for the saturation of soft contact lenses for the treatment of glaucoma were proposed. The choice of active pharmaceutical substances, and excipients has been justified. Technological procedure of preparation of model solution was described and explained, where the most attention was paid on dissolving of sodium hyaluronate in purified water.
Ações, facilidades e dificuldades para o cuidado ao idoso no hospital: vivências do familiar cuidador
Authors: Pasini Daniela , Pelzer Marlene Teda , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , Lange Celmira , Szewczyk Michelle da Silveira Chapacais , Severo Daniel Gomes
Published: November 2020

Objetivou-se identificar as ações desenvolvidas com o idoso pelo cuidador durante a hospitalização, assim como as facilidades e dificuldades vivenciadas. Foi uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória de cunho qualitativo realizada em um hospital universitário. Participaram 11 familiares cuidadores. Caracterizam-se por serem do sexo feminino, filhas do idoso, casadas, com filhos, sem emprego remunerado. Como resultados verificou-se que o cuidador desenvolve ações entendidas como semelhantes aos domiciliares como: higienização, alimentação, segurança física e emocional. As facilidades identificadas foram: acesso a serviços especializados e a equipe de enfermagem. As dificuldades remetem aos riscos de infecção, estrutura física hospitalar carente de adaptações para receber o idoso e seu cuidador, stress vivenciado pelo cuidador e a falta de privacidade. Percebeu-se que acolhendo o cuidador e o idoso, passando informações sobre as normas e rotinas do hospital e do tratamento prestado são medidas que poderão amenizar o sofrimento de vivenciar, juntamente com o idoso, a hospitalização.
De braços vazios, nos braços da dor: Perda gestacional e neonatal
Authors: Alves Rayssa Stéfani Sousa , Celestino Kênia Alessandra de Araújo
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em identificar os sentimentos e as reações da mulher frente ao processo de luto gestacional e neonatal. E compreender qual a percepção da mulher quanto ao seu papel biológico e conjugal após a perda do filho. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio da busca de artigos indexados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), com o auxílio das seguintes bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), National Center for Biotechnology Information (PUBMED), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), e Periódicos Eletrônicos em Psicologia (PEPSIC). Os critérios de inclusão compreendem pesquisas entre os anos de 2004 a 2020. Como critérios de exclusão, não foram considerados artigos mediante a recompensação monetária, incompletos e não convergentes com este estudo. Para o levantamento dos dados e composição deste estudo, foram analisados 10 artigos. Os resultados evidenciam os sentimentos perturbadores mais frequentes de mulheres frente ao processo de luto. A gestação representa a concretização de um sonho para a mulher, sonho que transforma-se em pesadelo quando a gravidez não avança. Concluímos que, a perda gestacional ou neonatal é um dos lutos mais complexos e de menor validação social. Estamos falando que, em um momento de vida há morte. A incontinuidade da vida fica escancarada, nenhuma mulher que engravida, está psicologicamente preparada para sofrer uma perda, seja ela de que natureza for, constituindo um período de crise, gerador de grande sofrimento e dificuldades adaptativas.
Atividade anti-micotoxina in vitro de probiótico (Bacillus spp) e microalgas (Chaetoceros gracilis) para aflatoxina B1 e ocratoxina A usados na alimentação do Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Calvet Rodrigo Maciel , Nóbrega Maria Marlúcia Gomes Pereira , Costa Amilton Paulo Raposo , Pereyra Carina Maricel , Monte Aline Marques , Muratori Maria Christina Sanches
Published: November 2020

Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a capacidade anti-micotoxina de dois probióticos comerciais constituído de esporos de Bacillus spp – A1 e A2 e da microalga Chaetoceros gracilis – A3 utilizados na alimentação de Litopenaeus vannamei para aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) e ocratoxina A (OTA). A quantidade de probiótico foi calculada para 10 L de água. A quantidade da microalga Chaetoceros gracilis foi calculada de acordo com a quantidade utilizada nas fazendas (12 x 104 células/mL). Foi preparado um grupo com cinco microtubos de cada probiótico com pH 2,0 e um outro grupo com pH 6,0 utilizando solução tampão fostato salino (PBS) em duplicata para simular o pH estomacal e intestinal dos camarões, respectivamente. As concentrações de probióticos utilizadas foram 0,0%; 25%; 50%; 75% e 100% (0,0025 g; 0,005 g; 0,0075 g; 0,010 g) em cada tubo. As concentrações da microalga foram as mesmas do probiótico. A concentração das micotoxinas foi 1.000 ng/mL. A atividade anti-micotoxina do A1, A2 e A3 para OTA e AFB1 foram realizados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Houve diferença na capacidade anti-micotoxina entre os probióticos testados para OTA e AFB1 com maior eficiência do A2. O A3 não apresentou atividade anti-micotoxina. Em A1 e A2 a adsorção de OTA e AFB1 iniciou a partir da concentração 25%. Metade da OTA (513 ng/mL) foi adsorvida utilizando o A2 (concentrações ≥ 50%) em pH 2,0 e no A1 (concentrações ≥75%) no mesmo pH (400 ng/mL). Para AFB1 a maior adsorção ocorreu no A2 (concentrações ≥75%) em pH 2,0 (643 ng/mL) e pH 6,0 (672 ng/mL). O maior efeito anti-micotoxina do A1 só ocorreu (concentrações ≥ 50%) em pH 2,0 (481 ng/mL) e 25% em pH 6,0 (592 ng/mL). Os probióticos constituídos por esporos de Bacillus spp possuem capacidade anti-micotoxina in vitro para AFB1 e OTA e a microalga Chaetoceros gracilis não apresentou esta capacidade.
Increased forest cover and limits on clear-felling could substantially reduce landslide occurrence in Tasman, New Zealand.
Authors: Griffiths James W. , Lukens Claire E. , May Roger
Published: November 2020

Background: Landslides can cause substantial environmental, social and economic impacts. Under future climate scenarios the frequency of landslide-triggering events is likely to increase. Land managers, therefore, urgently require reliable high-resolution landslide susceptibility models to inform effective landslide risk assessment and management.
Methods: In this study, gridded rainfall, topography, lithology and land cover surfaces were used to develop a high-resolution (10 m x 10 m) spatial model of landslides that occurred in Tasman, New Zealand during a period when ex-tropical Cyclone Gita brought heavy rain to the region. We separately modelled landslides in the same dataset as a function of the erosion susceptibility classification (ESC) data layer used to determine the level of control applied to forestry activities under the National Environmental Standards for Plantation Forestry (NES-PF). Models were fit using boosted regression trees.
Results: Our preferred model had excellent predictive power (AUROC = 0.93) and included the parameters: aspect, elevation, mid-slope position, land cover, rainfall, slope, and a descriptive seven-class topographical index. Land cover, elevation, rainfall, slope and aspect were the strongest predictors of landslides with the land cover classes ‘seral native vegetation’ and clear-felled plantation forest’ predicting higher probabilities of landslides and tall native forest and closed canopy plantation forest predicting lower probabilities of landslides. The ESC was a poor predictor of landslides in the study area (AUROC = 0.65).
Conclusions: Our study shows that accurate, high-resolution landslide probability surfaces can be developed from landslide distribution, land cover, topographical and rainfall data. We also show that landslide occurrence in the Tasman region could be substantially reduced by increasing the extent of permanent forest cover and by limiting clear-fell harvest of plantation forests on landslide-prone slopes. The ESC framework that underpins the NES-PF was a poor predictor of landslides and, therefore, an unreliable basis for regulating forestry activities in the Tasman, New Zealand.
The Partial Pressure of Inspired Carbon Dioxide Exposure Levels in the Extravehicular Mobility Unit
Authors: Kim Kyoung Jae , Bekdash Omar S. , Norcross Jason R. , Conkin Johnny , Garbino Alejandro , Fricker John , Young Millennia , Abercromby Andrew F. J.
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: NASA has been making efforts to assess the carbon dioxide (CO2) washout capability of spacesuits using a standard CO2 sampling protocol. This study established the methodology for determining the partial pressure of inspired CO2 (PIco2)
in a pressurized spacesuit. We applied the methodology to characterize PIco2 for the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU).METHODS: We suggested an automated and mathematical algorithm to find the end-tidal CO2 and the end of inspiration. We provided
objective and standardized guidelines to identify acceptable breath traces, which are essential to accurate and reproducible calculation of the in-suit inhaled and exhaled partial pressure of CO2 (Pco2). The mouth guard-based method for measurement of inhaled and exhaled
dry-gas Pco2 was described. We calculated all individual concentrations of PIco2 inhaled by 19 healthy subjects classified into 3 fitness groups. The transcutaneous Pco2 was monitored as a secondary measure to validate washout performance.RESULTS:
Mean and standard deviation values for the data collection performance and the CO2 metrics were presented (e.g., minimum time weighted average Pco2 at suited workloads of resting, 1000, 2000, and 3000 (BTU h1) were 4.75 1.03, 8.09 1.39, 11.39 1.26, and 14.36
1.29 (mmHg s1). All CO2 metrics had a statistically significant association and all positive slopes with increasing metabolic rate. No significant differences in CO2 metrics were found between the three fitness groups.DISCUSSION: A standardized and
automated methodology to calculate PIco2 exposure level is presented and applied to characterize CO2 washout in the EMU. The EMU has been operated successfully in over 400 extravehicular activities (EVAs) and is considered to provide acceptable CO2
washout performance. Results provide a basis for establishing verifiable Pco2 requirements for current and future EVA spacesuits.Kim KJ, Bekdash OS, Norcross JR, Conkin J, Garbino A, Fricker J, Young M, Abercromby AFJ. The partial pressure of inspired carbon dioxide exposure
levels in the extravehicular mobility unit. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):923931.
Low Back Pain in Commercial Airline Pilots
Authors: Albermann Matthias , Lehmann Maria , Eiche Christian , Schmidt Joachim , Prottengeier Johannes
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: In their working life, airline pilots are exposed to particular risk factors that promote nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Because of the varying incidence internationally, we evaluated the point prevalences of acute, subacute, and chronic nonspecific LBP, as well
as the current prevalences in German airline pilots. Furthermore, we compared the prevalence to the general German population and to European counterparts.METHODS: An anonymous online survey of 698 participating German airline pilots was evaluated. The impairment between groups
was analyzed. Prevalences from our data were compared to existing data.RESULTS: The following point prevalences were found: 8.2% acute, 2.4% subacute, 82.7% chronic LBP; 74.1% of all individuals were suffering from current LBP when answered the questionnaire. A total time spent
flying greater than 600 h within the last 12 mo was significantly related to acute nonspecific LBP. Individuals with any type of LBP were significantly impaired compared to those unaffected. It was found that German airline pilots suffer more often from current LBP than the general population
and have a higher point prevalence of total LBP than their European counterparts.CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation showed a surprisingly high, previously unidentified, prevalence of nonspecific LBP in German airline pilots. Why German airline pilots suffer more often from LBP remains
uncertain. The number of flying hours appears to have a negative effect on developing acute low back pain, but causation cannot be concluded. Other risk factors could not be confirmed.Albermann M, Lehmann M, Eiche C, Schmidt J, Prottengeier J. Low back pain in commercial airline
pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):940947.
Multiple E-2D Hawkeye Aircrew with Neurocognitive Symptoms During a Single Over-Pressurization Episode
Authors: Ko Samuel Y. , Rice George M.
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND: Increased frequencies of physiological episodes have been a significant concern for Naval Aviation for the last several years. These include several aircraft platforms, but no previously documented E-2D Hawkeye events. This report documents an episode in an E-2D,
with multiple aircrew affected at the same time.CASE REPORT: While deployed aboard a U.S. aircraft carrier, five E-2D Hawkeyes aircrew were simultaneously exposed to the same over-pressurization during a routine sortie. Out of the five aircrew, four immediately reported hypoxic-like
neurocognitive symptoms of mental slowing, difficulty concentrating, and headache. They were evaluated and treated using standard protocol according to the Physiologic Event Clinical Practice Guidelines set by the Naval Safety Center. All aircrew were treated with 100% ground level oxygen
with resolution of symptoms.DISCUSSION: Although rare, physiological events may occur in multipassenger platforms such as the E-2D Hawkeye. Utilizing and strictly adhering to standard clinical practice guidelines provided an efficient process of evaluation by different flight surgeons
concurrently that avoided a possible delay in treatment. After, eliminating other potential etiology for the crews symptoms, a pressure-related mechanism of injury appears to be the most probable cause.Ko SY, Rice GM. Multiple E-2D Hawkeye aircrew with neurocognitive symptoms during
a single over-pressurization episode. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):970974.