bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Internet of Vehicle(IoV): A Survey
Authors: Irshad Ahmed Sumra
Published: February 2022

Due to the fast advancement in the field of communication and computation technology, the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) attracts most of the researchers to contribute in this area of research. In the recent research on the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) technology, IoV becomes one of the major active and famous research areas in the technology of networks, especially in transportation. It provides an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)and it resolves traffic and driving problems by using advanced communication and information technology. Inthe implementation of IoV, the different actuators, sensors, personal gadgets are required so that the vehicles communicate with each other. In this paper, it will provide the comprehensive survey on applications of IoV and also discuss in detail IoVnetwork model, the required technologies for the creation of IoV, the various applications which are based on existing technologies and the features of research in IoV area and Vehicular Sensor Network (VSN's) based effective and security-oriented applications. The key objective of these applications is to reduce fuel consumption and furthermore to provide a supportin saving the life of drivers andpedestrians.
Operating Systems for the Internet of Things:A Survey
Authors: Anum Ali
Published: February 2022

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) is an ecosystem that is used to describe any technology deploying and creating a network of devices to perform actions and exchange information. This new class of communicating devices have very diverse traffic characteristics and pose unique challenges. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art operating system technologies, architectures and available networking stack protocols on it, and explore their potential to support the growth of related applications. Moreover, the diversity of applications and the Internet of Things (IoT) devices also necessitate the investigation of middleware framework and specifications to cater to the currently existing challenges. Therefore, we also discuss different challenges and issues in developing rich applications by using available operating systems. The paper concludes after providing recommendations for future enhancement in existing operating systems.
Application of Internet of Things for Smart City and Environmental Solutions
Authors: Afrozah Nadeem
Published: February 2022

Internet of Things (IoT) is the latest concept and considered the essential infrastructure for smart cities. However, IoT is allowing smart cities to take the initiative of starting different projects and its deployment all over the world. For Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) solutions, IoT is a compatible way to combine the numerous sensors. Communication of the Internet of Things is the soul of the smart cities. The scopeof IoT in smart cities is connected and deployed with over 50 billion objects this year and more in the future too. This paper deals with concern regarding IoT globally and a detailed review of the idea of IoT with the smart city encouragement and its applications. Furthermore, the paper presents the main gap, instability, and challenges of implementing the IoT with smart cities on technological standards.
Time Complexity of Color Camera Depth Map Hand Edge Closing Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Shahan Yamin Siddiqui  , , Ghanwa Batool  , Muhammad Sohail Irshad  , Hafiz Muhammad Usama  , Muhammad Tariq Siddique  , Bilal Shoaib  , Sajid Farooq  , , Arfa Hassan
Published: February 2022

The objective of this paper is to calculate the time complexity of the colored camera depth map hand edge closing algorithm of the hand gesture recognition technique. It has been identified as hand gesture recognition through human-computer interaction using color camera and depth map technique, which is used to find the time complexity of the algorithms using 2D minima methods, brute force, and plane sweep. Human-computer interaction is a very much essential component of most people's daily life. The goal of gesture recognition research is to establish a system that can classify specific human gestures and can make its use to convey information for the device control. These methods have different input types and different classifiers and techniques to identify hand gestures. This paper includes the algorithm of one of the hand gesture recognition “Color camera depth map hand edge recognition” algorithm and its time complexity and simulation on MATLAB.
Detection of Tuberculosis using Hybrid Features from Chest Radiographs
Authors: Maham Mehr Awan  , Ayesha Fatima  , Kinza Mehr Awan
Published: February 2022

Tuberculosis is a contagious disease, but it’s diagnosis is still a difficult and challenging task as it is considered a big threat everywhere on the planet. Literature shows that underdeveloped countries widely use chest radiographs (X ray images) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Low accuracy of results and high cost are the two main reasons due to which most of the available methods are not useful for radiologists. In our research, we proposed a detection technique in which features extraction is performed on the basis of their texture, intensity and shape. For evaluating the performance of our proposed methodology, Montgomery Country (MC) dataset is used. It is a publically available data set which consists of 138 CXRs; among them, 80 CXRs are normal and 58 CXRs are malignant. The results of the proposed technique have outperformed state of the art methodologies on the MC dataset as it has shown 81.16% accuracy.
A Technique and Architectural Design for Criminal Detection based on Lombroso Theory Using Deep Learning
Authors: Kiran Amjad  , Prof  Dr. Aftab Ahmad Malik  , Dr. Sumet Mehta
Published: February 2022

Crimes and criminal activities are increasing day by day and there are no proper criteria to search, detect, identify, and predict these criminals. Despite various surveillance cameras in different areas still, crimes are at a peak. The police investigation department cannot efficiently detect the criminals in time. However, in many countries for the sake of public and private security, the initiation of security technologies has been employed for criminal identification or recognition with the help of footprint identification, fingerprint identification, facial recognition, or based on other suspicious activity detections through surveillance cameras. However, there are limited automated systems that can identify the criminals precisely and get the accurate or precise similarity between the recorded footage images with the criminals that already are available in the police criminal records. To make the police investigation department more effective, this research work presents the design of an automated criminal detection system for the prediction of criminals. The proposed system can predict criminals or possibilities of being criminal based on Lombrosso's Theory of Criminology about born criminals or the persons who look like criminals. A deep learning-based facial recognition approach was used that can detect or predict any person whether he is criminal, or not and that can also give the possibility of being criminal. For training, the ResNet50 model was used, which is based on CNN and SVM Classifiers for feature extracting from the dataset. Two different labeled based datasets were used, having different criminals and noncriminals images in the database. The proposed system could efficiently help the investigating officers in narrowing down the suspects' pool.
Preservation of Privacy of Big Data Using Efficient Anonymization Technique
Authors: Dr. Muhammad Rizwan
Published: February 2022

Big data needs to be retained private because of the increase in the amount of data. Data is generated from social networks, organizations and various other ways, which is known as big data. Big data requires large storage as well as high computational power. At every stage, the data needs to be protected. Privacy preservation plays an important role in keeping sensitive information protected and private from any attack. Data anonymization is one of the techniques to anonymize data to keep it private and protected, which includes suppression, generalization, and bucketization. It keeps personal and private data anonymous from being known by others. But when it is implemented on big data, these techniques cause a great loss of information and also fail in defense of the privacy of big data. Moreover, for the scenario of big data, the anonymization should not only focus on hiding but also on other aspects. This paper aims to provide a technique that uses slicing, suppression, and functional encryption together to achieve better privacy of big data with data anonymization.
Software Quality Assurance and Android Application Development: A Comparison among Traditional and Agile Methodology
Authors: Mohsin Nazir
Published: February 2022

This paper focuses on software quality assurance in android application development with focus on approaches to confirm software quality in android applications. In this work, we compare the waterfall model with agile-scrum methodologies to realize software quality assurance with special focus on mobile applications. This research allows us to answer, “Which process model and practices are available for android software development along with focus on quality assurance?” The other research focus in this paper is “How auditors, developers and testers play their defined roles to maintain quality in mobile application development?” Agility for software development has transformed into a preferred and favored method for mobile application development. The major aim of this research is to contribute for a better knowledge for mobile application development methodologies practiced by the organizations for the development of applications based on systematic literature review.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN HUMANIS DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA DALAM PROSES BELAJAR MENGAJAR
Authors: Nur Zaini
Published: February 2022

Pendidikan humanis harus praksis dalam proses belajar mengajar. Maka dalam implementasinya, seorang pendidik harus menjadi qudwah atau teladan yang baik, dengan mengedepankan cinta dan kasih sayang dalam proses mengajar. Pendidik harus mampu memunculkan rasa empati, mampu memberi motivasi, menumbuhkan sikap toleransi, memposisikan sebagai teman belajar, menciptakan suasana belajar dialogis, mampu mengkombinasikan antara perasaan (keinginan peserta didik) dengan bahan pengajaran, dan Pendidik dengan segala kerendahan hati dituntut transparan atas segala kekurangan. Sehingga tercipta pola komunikasi multi-arah (ways traffic communication) yang baik antara pendidik dan peserta didik.
PENERAPAN MODEL TALKING STICK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN IPA SMP
Authors: Suhada
Published: February 2022

One of the teacher's tasks is to organize innovative learning by varying the learning model in the class. One learning model that can be used is a talking stick. Because according to preliminary observations it was found that students were not interested in natural science subjects, lacked motivation and low learning outcomes. This Classroom Action Research aims to find out: 1) Does the application of the talking stick model increase student motivation in junior high school science subjects ?; and 2) Can the application of the talking stick model improve student learning outcomes in junior secondary science subjects? This research was conducted in class VIII of SMP Negeri 11 Kota Bima in the 2017/2018 academic year from February to April 2018. The research was conducted in 2 cycles. Data analysis uses qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results of the study: 1) the application of the talking stick model can increase student motivation in junior high school science subjects, because students who have high motivation and are very high in cycle II are 21 people or 91%. 2) the application of the talking stick model can improve student learning outcomes in junior high school science subjects, because students who successfully meet the minimum value of KKM 70 in cycle II are 21 people or 91%.
PENGGUNAAN MEBEL TAMIA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS TEKS DESKRIPSI BANGUNAN BERSEJARAH KOTA PASURUAN
Authors: Rahmawati Fika
Published: February 2022

21st century learning is characterized by digital media used in the learning process or often called the industrial revolution 4.0. The use of digital media in the 21st century does not mean that conventional media is not good or suitable for use in learning. When teachers can make the most of these media, conventional media can also bring their own positive values to students. Like learning to write description text. The learning process of this material can use conventional media such as Tamia Furniture. Furniture Tamia stands for Taman Learning Miniature Media can help students in the learning process of writing description texts in the form of historical buildings in Pasuruan City.
MENGAPRESIASIKAN HASIL PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA PADA MATERI SISTEM GERAK MANUSIA MELALUI DISVERSITY OF STUDENT STRATEGY LEARNING SEBAGAI METODE PEMBELAJARAN SISWA KELAS VIII SMPN 1 SEKARAN
Authors: Suharno
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the results of natural science learning achievement in the human motion system by using the Diversity of Student Strategic Learning method (Learning Strategies that take account of student diversity). This research was included in a class action research that was designed into two cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Based on the results of research that has been done, the results obtained, namely the basic capabilities of the material motion system in humans can be achieved properly. This can be seen in the results of student evaluations that reach 78.25% completeness. The data is used as a basis for designing cycle 1, so as to obtain the results of the activities of students who have good activities in learning activities as many as 17 (68%) and as many as 4 (16%) and as many as 4 (16%) indicate less activity. While observations from the point of view of students' attention in learning activities, students who have good attention are 9 (36%), who have attention as much as 6 (24%) and less attention is 10 (40%). The use of the Diversity of Student Strategic Learning method can increase the activities and attention of students in Biology / Natural Sciences lessons yet to be declared Completed. then the research activities need to be held in the second cycle, so that the results obtained by students who have good activities in learning activities as many as 21 (84%) and as many as 2 (8%) and as many as 2 (8%) indicate less activity. While observations from the point of view of students 'attention in learning activities, students who have good attention are 19 (76%), parents' attention are 4 (16%) and attention is less 2 (8%). So, it can be concluded that the Diversity of Student Strategic Learning method (Learning Strategies that considers student diversity) can increase student activities and attention in Biology / Natural Sciences. By using the Diversity of Student Strategic Learning method.
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SURAT KABAR SEBAGAI MATERIBAHASA INDONESIA DAN INTEGRASI KARAKTER
Authors: Muhammad Zakia Firdaus
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study to describe 1) Use of discours Mimbar Jumat Solopos newspaper as material in Indonesian Language lesson 2) Know the character integartion discours Mimbar Jumat Solopos newspaper as material in Indonesian Language lesson. This type of research descriptive qualitative. The results of study show that wacana Mimbar Jumat can be used a resource materialsand there is charakter value
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI DENGAN MEDIA GAMBAR
Authors: Tsalitsatul Maulidah
Published: February 2022

Writing learning activities, students still experience many difficulties because teachers use conventional learning methods. So that causes the interest and enthusiasm of students in learning to be less, and the results achieved are not optimal. With media in the form of images will make it easier for students to express their ideas. Therefore, this research aims to improve students' poetry writing skills by using picture media. Because media images can stimulate students to give imagination and make students creative in writing poetry. The research method used is qualitative. The subject of this research is grade V. The results of the study indicate that the ability to write poetry based on image media can improve students' poetry writing skills. Students can make poetry titles from predetermined themes, can choose new and creative words (diction), and can use speech. The creativity of students writing poetry uses two types of majors, and they are contrasting forms and comparison forms
MODIFYING DOMINO CARDS TO INCREASE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF THE USE OF POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: M Labib Al Halim
Published: February 2022

This research aimed to know the use of modified domino card game as media to increase students understanding of the application of possessive adjective. The method of this research was classroom action research design proposed by Ferrance. The subjects were students of junior high school at MTs. Bahrul Ulum Turi Lamongan consisted of 28 students. The result showed that media domino card could stimulate students to be active and pay more attention. It effectively affected students’ achievement. The data showed that students’ achievement increase significantly from 57.86 in preliminary test to 76.57 in final test. Thus, it could be concluded that modified domino card could increase students understanding of the use of possessive adjective. It could also stimulate young students to be active and pay more attention to the lesson given
Attributes of an Effective Clinical Teacher in Undergraduate Medical Education: Students' Perspective
Authors: Naeem Noor-i-Kiran , Iqbal Haris , Butt Wajid
Published: February 2022

Background: A good clinical teacher constitutes one of the major factors towards providing quality educational environment in the wards for medical students. Modern era has opened new domains for defining methods for clinical teaching as well as new roles for a clinical teacher. This study aims at exploring medical student' perspectives regarding attributes of an effective clinical teacher.

Methods: This mixed method study involved final year MBBS students of Aziz Fatima Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad from August 2018 to November 2018.Seventy-five medical students filled the Nursing Clinical Teacher Effectiveness Inventory (NCTEI) questionnaire after taking informed consent. This was followed by seven individual face to face interviews of students consenting for interview.

Results: Most important attribute for an effective clinical teacher was reported having good interpersonal skills (95.2%) followed by having skills of evaluation (90.7%) , clinical competence (84.7%) , good personality traits (83.2%) and teaching skills (81.1%).Students felt it most important to have a teacher who is approachable and with whom they can communicate easily.

Conclusion: In the present era of medical education, an undergraduate medical student expects his clinical teacher to be approachable, professional, a positive role model with good interpersonal and teaching skills
A Rare Presentation of Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Maxillary Sinus
Authors: Saleem Muhammad , Hassnain Danish
Published: February 2022

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), also known as giant cell reparative granuloma, is a non-cancerous proliferative lesion of unknown etiology. It is a localized osteolytic lesion with the diverse biological behavior of aggression which most commonly affects the mandible and other jaw bones. It is a rare condition and its characteristic clinical or radiological features are still not well defined. It resembles to some neoplasms and can easily be misdiagnosed with Antro- Choanal Polyp, Angiofibroma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma and  inverted Cell papilloma.We are reporting a case of rare presentation of CGCG arising from the maxillary sinus. This is a case report of a 15 year old boy who presented with the episodes of recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Diagnosis of giant cell granuloma was made on the basis of age presentation, rare location, and histological findings of excised specimen, which revealed central giant cell granuloma. This case helps to demonstrate the wide variation in the clinical and radiological features of CGCG and highlights the significance of histological features of this lesion.
Initial Systemic Treatment of Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Siddique Muhammad Kamran , Rehman Ehsan -ur- , Khan Muhammad Saqib
Published: February 2022

The incidence of lung cancer is rising worldwide and cigarette smoking is recognized major risk factor for lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes majority of all lung cancer cases. The prognosis for NSCLC remains poor. The five-year survival rate for all NSCLC stages combined is 23% and for stage IV NSCLC alone is 6%. The systemic chemotherapy has proved to prolong survival in some patients with advanced NSCLC. The targeted treatments have recently become available for minority of patients with NSCLC due to identification of sensitizing mutations and improved understanding of downstream molecular pathways. The immune check point inhibitors have redefined treatment for majority of NSCLC patients who lack “sensitizing mutations” for targeted agents. This review discusses current standard treatment for advanced NSCLC in first line setting.
Inter-arm Blood Pressure Difference as an Emergent Risk for Pre-hypertension
Authors: Manzoor Javaria , Alam Muhammad Absar , Tariq Rooha
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the frequency of pre-hypertension and hypertension along with its association with inter-arm difference of blood pressure.Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted at Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College Faisalabad. Students of age ranged 19-21 years were enrolled by convenience sampling technique for screening of pre-hypertension and hypertension. Blood pressure was recorded from both arms by using sphygmomanometer and inter-arm differences were estimated. Mean±SD for continuous variables, frequency and percentages for categorical variables and chi square for association between pre-hypertension, hypertension and inter-arm difference was analyzed by SPSS 21.Results: Study comprised of 100 students with mean age 19.79±1.18 years. Of total 47% were females and 53% was male population. Mean systolic (p value =0.0002*) and diastolic (p value =0.000*) blood pressure of the two arms were significantly different. Of total population, 27% and 13% of population had pre-hypertension and hypertension respectively. Mean systolic inter-arm difference was significantly higher among the hypertensive subjects as compared to pre-hypertensive subjects, (p value =0.0001*). No significant difference was noted with respect to diastolic inter-arm difference (p value =0.93). Greater percentage of normotensive subjects have systolic inter-arm difference <10mmHg as compared to this most of the subjects with hypertension and pre-hypertension have systolic inter-arm difference of >15mmHg. Significant association between hypertension and systolic inter-arm difference was noted (p value =0.025)Conclusion: Pre-hypertension and hypertension is prevalent among young adults. High systolic inter-arm difference was significantly associated with pre-hypertension and hypertension.
Impact of Anthropometric Parameters on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate
Authors: Atta Komal , Zia Sadaf , Jabeen Farkhanda
Published: February 2022

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the variation of Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) with various anthropometric measurements.Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted University Medical and Dental College Faisalabad from August 2019 to September 2019.The study comprised of 210 participants of age 18 to 25 years. A detailed history regarding smoking, respiratory disease and allergies were taken. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from recorded height and weight. PEFR was measured by Peak flow meter. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21. Mean and SD was calculated for continuous variables. Percentages were estimated for categorical variables. ANOVA and t-test were used for comparison of mean between the groups. Association of PEFR with anthropometric measurements was analyzed by regression analysis.Results: Of total population of 210 subjects, 60.5% were males 39.5% were females. Mean PEFR was higher in tall than short heighted subjects. This difference was significant. (p value=0.005*). Significant difference in mean PEFR was also noted with respect to weight distribution of subjects (p value = 0.01*). On analyzing the subjects on the basis of BMI, we observed lower PEFR values in underweight and obese subjects in contrast to subjects with normal BMI, however this difference was not significant (p value = 0.42). PEFR was positively associated with height (p value = 0.004*) PEFR was not significantly associated with age, weight and BMI.Conclusion: PEFR was positively influenced by height and taller subjects have greater PEFR values than short heighted subjects. Age, weight and BMI have no impact on PEFR.
Frequency and Association between Different ABO Blood Groups with Hepatitis C
Authors: Salam Rana Muhammad Tahir , Tariq Rooha , Jahan Sarwat , Bibi Sarwat , Ahmad Humaira
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aims to find the frequency and association of hepatitis C with different ABO blood groups.Methodology: This retrospective study of six months duration was conducted at Aziz Fatimah Hospital Faisalabad after approval from the ethical committee. Blood bank data was retrieved and blood reports for all the blood borne diseases were analyzed. Only reports with HCV positive along with their respective blood groups were analyzed by SPSS 22. Frequency and percentages of hepatitis C was estimated. Association of HCV with blood group was determined using chi-square test. p value ?0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Data from 1000 reports of screened blood showed 52 (5.2%) reports seropositive positive for HCV. Among these, 15 (28.8%) reports of blood group A showed HCV seropositivity. However, 18 (34.6%) respondents with blood group B were HCV seropositive. HCV cases in blood group AB were 7 (13.5%). There were 12 (23.1%) HCV positive subjects with blood group O.Conclusion: HCV is not significantly associated with blood group.
Malnutrition Challenge Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Hassan Syed Hafeez ul
Published: February 2022

SUMMARYMalnutrition is a broad term which describes nutritional related diseases caused by over and under nutrition, found in the hospitals or in famines. Therefore malnutrition can be categorized as over nutrition and obesity resulting into metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia and decreased vitamin D in some cases. Whereas under nutrition with inflammation can be as a result of chronic illness, acute illness/injury or simply decreased dietary intake when there is no inflammation. The initial assessment can be done by simple clinical measures such as recording weight and BMI and serum albumin estimation. The adjusted nutrition plan during sickness involves assessment of calories requirement under the circumstances and then to use appropriate nutrition or premade nutrition formulas to meet the new requirements during disease or after surgery. The therapeutic strategy which also includes nutrition assessment and treatment may result in decrease in complications hence decreased hospital stay and cost of treatment having better hospital outcomes.
Exogenous Caesarean Scar Pregnancy; A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Farhat Ch Raheela , Tariq Rooha
Published: February 2022

Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy in which the ectopic is in the scar tissue of a previous caesarean section. This is a life threatening condition if proper diagnosis and management does not take place in time. It is not compatible with a successful pregnancy. The clinical diagnosis can be obscure, especially in the initial stages; therefore clinicians should be acquainted with the sonographic hallmarks of caesarean scar pregnancy on radiographic. It is very similar to a spontaneous abortion in progress which is why the misdiagnosis is common. We present a case of caesarean scar pregnancy which was managed by performing an emergency laparotomy.
Burnout Syndrome and its Risk Factors among Gynecology Consultants
Authors: Khan Khadija Asim , Ejaz Sarah , Naeem Noor-i-Kiran , Khan Asim
Published: February 2022

Objective: To assess the frequency of burnout among gynecologists and to determine the factors leading to burnout.Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study done at the Gynecology and Obstetrics department of King Edward Medical University; Lahore from January to June 2017. Fifty-five consultant gynecologists, working in public sector teaching hospitals of Lahore filled Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) proforma for assessment of burnout. The data analysis was performed by SPSS version 20.Results: Burnout was found in 13 of 55 (23.6%) consultants. Twenty-four participants (43.6%) were having high emotional exhaustion (EE), 41.8% had high depersonalization (DP) and 16.4% had low personal and professional achievement (PPA). Single doctors were found to be more burnout as compared to those who were married (p = 0.037). Additionally, having private practice was associated with high EE and high PPA. Those having higher monthly income were more burnout in EE domain.Conclusion: Burnout Syndrome is common among the consultant gynecologists of public sector healthcare. Risk factors for having burnout syndrome include dual practice as well as low monthly salary.
Impact of Shisha and Cigarette Smoking on Lung Functions in Young Adults
Authors: Mumtaz Muhammad Sarim , Pansota Qamar Javaid , Majeed Muhammad Muneeb , Mujeeb Mahnoor , Abdur Rehman Umar , Rana Mohtisum
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the impact of shisha and cigarette smoking on lungs functions and compare the pulmonary function test parameters between shisha, cigarette smokers and non-smokers.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Aziz Fatima Medical and Dental College Faisalabad from January to September 2018. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Ethical committee. This study consisted of 100 male college students of age 18 to 25 years. Participants were enrolled on voluntary basis. Prior to study, students of Faisalabad based colleges were invited for study. A detailed interview of subjects was taken. Subjects were questioned regarding the smoking habits using pre designed proforma. Subjects who currently smoked cigarettes were classified as cigarette smokers. Subjects using shisha were categorized as shisha smokers. A third category was formed which included subjects using both shisha and cigarettes, subjects without any type of smoking were non-smokers Anthropometric measurements including height and weight were taken and BMI was calculated by formula weight in kg/ height in m2. Pulmonary function tests including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC were performed by digital spirometer. Data was analyzed by SPSS22. Values of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were presented as mean ± SD and compared by ANOVA. P value ? 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Study comprised 100 participants of mean age 20.71±1.87 years. Out of the total study participants 16(16%) were cigarette smokers, 11(10.3%) were shisha smokers, 22(20.7%) were users of both cigarettes as well as shisha and 51(48,1%) were non-smokers. All three parameters of lung functions including FVC (p value = 0.005), FEV1 (p value = 0.046) and FEV1/FVC (p value = 0.023) were lower in cigarette smokers and significantly different from non-smokers. All three lung parameters of shisha smokers were also lower than non-smokers but statistical difference was found only in FVC values (p value = 0.000). FEV1 (2.73 versus 1.5, p value= 0.66) and FEV1/FVC (63 versus 50.5, p value= 0.449) was higher in shisha smokers as compared to cigarette smokers but the difference was statistically not significant. FVC value of shisha smokers was lower than cigarette smokers (2.42 versus 2.89) but no significant difference was noted (p value =0.59).

Conclusion: Lung function parameters FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, were reduced in cigarette and shisha smokers as compared to non-smokers. Shisha and cigarette both adversely affect lung functions, however shisha is less harmful than cigarette smoking.
Frequency of agenesis of Palmaris Longus muscle in medical students of Faisalabad
Authors: Rehman Quddus Ur , Latif Usman , Haris Faiqa , Liaqat Faiza
Published: February 2022

Objective: To find out frequency of agenesis of palmaris longus (PL) of medical students of Faisalabad.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 1st to 31st October 2019 at the anatomy department of a private medical college of Faisalabad. Two hundred and two medical students of age ranging from 18-22 years were evaluated for agenesis of PL by standard Schaeffer’s test. Findings were confirmed by Thompson’s test, Pushpakumar’s “two-finger sign” method, Mishra’s test I, and Mishra’s II test. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21. Frequencies and percentages for PL agenesis were obtained and compared by chi square test. p value ? 0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: The PL muscle was present in 155 students (76.3%). The frequency of agenesis was noted in 47 students (23.6%). Bilateral agenesis was seen in 16 students (7.9%) while 31 subjects (15 %) had unilateral agenesis.Twenty-nine (29.5%) male students had agenesis of palmaris longus. Out of which bilateral and unilateral agenesis found in 7 (6.8%) and 22 (21%) male students respectively. In comparison to this 18 (17.3%) female students had agenesis of palmaris longus. Out of which bilateral and unilateral agenesis found in 9(8.6%) and 9(8.6%) female students respectively.Conclusion: Unilateral agenesis of PL is more common than bilateral agenesis. Agenesis of PL is more frequent in males as compared to females.

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Efficacy of Herbal Preparation(Cystone) in Management of Urinary Stone Disease
Authors: Khalid Nauman , Sohail Muhammad , Malik M.Tahir Bashir , Noor Hanan , Saifullah Muhammad , Akram Muhammad
Published: February 2022

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of herbal medicine cystone, in reduction of renal and ureteric stone size.Methodology: This observational follow up study was conducted in Urology Department, Madinah Teaching Hospital, associated with University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad after obtaining the ethical approval from the mentioned institute during March 2018 to December 2018. One hundred and ninety two patients coming to urology outpatient clinic, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. Out of which 27(14.06%) were lost in follow up and were excluded from study. Out of remaining 165 patients, 99 were male and 66 female patients. All patients with renal stones who were freshly prescribed with oral Tablet cystone twice a day for four weeks were enrolled in the study and were followed for stone size with ultrasonography followed for the duration of four weeks Patients were followed till the primary endpoint.Results: One hundred and seven (64.84%) patients cleared the stone, 10 (6.06%) patients had their stone size reduced,17(10.3%) patients had their stone size unchanged and 31 (18.78%) patients had their stone size increased. No significant adverse effects were noted during the study that required the patients to stop the treatment. There was significant decrease in stone size from initial mean stone size1.57 ±0.08 mm to end point stone size 0.69 ±0.09 mm after treatment with cystone (p- value 0.000).Conclusion: The mean stone size was reduced after using this herbal preparation for one month.
Frequency of Eosinophilia among Patients of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Acute Exacerbation
Authors: Javed Masood , Sheikh Ghulam Abbas , Rizwan Muhammad , Khan Rizwan Rasul , Mehmood Nasir , Anjum Mubarak Ali
Published: February 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of eosinophilia among patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbationMethodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Aziz Fatimah Hospital (AFH), Faisalabad from February 2020-May 2020. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Ethical Committee of Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College. After obtaining informed consent, 135 patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled by non-probability consecutive sampling technique according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the information was collected on predesigned proforma. Blood samples were drawn and sent to the AFH pathology laboratory for determination of eosinophilia. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21. Mean and percentages were determined for continuous and categorical variables respectively. Chi square test was applied for differences in proportions.Results: This study comprised of 135 patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Out of total participants 48.89% (n=66) were male and 51.11% (n=69) were females. Mean±SD of the age of the study subjects was 56.30±7.01 years. Eosinophilia was found in 39.26% (n=53) patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation.Conclusion: Eosinophilia is frequently found in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with acute exacerbation.
Gender wise estimates of Hepatitis B and C in the General Population of Faisalabad , Pakistan
Authors: Rashid Abid , Bhatti Muhammad Farooq , Ayaz Sultan
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To estimate the frequency of hepatitis B and C and find its association with gender.Methodology: This community surveillance was done by Surriya Majeed trust hospital during January to April 2017after taking approval from hospital management. Free Hepatitis Camp was arranged at Surriya Majeed TrustHospital Faisalabad - Pakistan in the above mentioned duration. During this survey 1000 subjects of either genderbetween ?1 and ? 80 years of age, years, with diverse religions, professional, social and educational backgrounds,were screened for hepatitis B and C. All subjects were self-motivated beyond recording age and gender and wereexplained with the purpose of the study. Consent was obtained and anonymity was assured. In the case of subjectsunder 18 year consent was taken from the parents/guardians. From each included subject, blood was drawnfollowing aseptic measures. For the qualitative detection of hepatitis B and C virus, Immunochromatographic testswere used. All positive cases are reconfirmed by ELISA technique. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version21.0. Results were presented as mean±SD, frequencies and percentages. Chi-square (X2) test was used to analyzeassociation between gender and hepatitis.Results: This study consisted of 1000 participants of which 374(37.6%) were male and 622(62.4%) were females.Mean age of the study participants was 35.11±13.65.Of total 177(17.7%) were hepatitis C positive and 16(1.6%)were positive for Hepatitis B. On comparing gender for hepatitis, we found that greater number of females wereseropositive for hepatitis C as compared males while hepatitis B was more commonly detected in males. X2 testshows significant association of hepatitis and gender. These findings are strengthened by logistic regressionanalysis with significant p values (<0.05)Conclusion: Hepatitis C was more prevalent than hepatitis B in Faisalabad district. In terms of gender, hepatitis Cwas most frequently found in females while hepatitis was most prevalent in male.
Spectrum of Electroencephalographic Findings in Seizures under 6 months aged infants at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Riaz Dr. Lubna , Shafique Dr.Waqas , Ishaq Dr. Fouzia , Faryad Dr. Neelam , Ali Sheikh Dr. Muhammad , Shahzad Dr. Naveed
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To determine the spectrum of electroencephalographic findings in epilepsy of infants under 6 months of age

Methodology It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatrics Department, at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from May 2018 till April 2019. One hundred and forty-two infants aged one to six months of both genders which were newly diagnosed having first episode of seizures recruited by non-probability purposive sampling. Infants with no seizures, any central nervous system abnormalities like meningomyelocele, spina bifida, encephalocele, microcephaly and already taking antiepileptic drugs were excluded. Patient’s demographic characteristics, seizure pattern and EEG record was obtained on Performa. Frequencies and percentages were calculated.

Results: The mean age of infant patients was 3.18±1.90 months (1-6 months). Of the 142 infant patients, 97 (68%) were male and 45 (32%) females with positive family history in 42 (30%) patients. Epilepsy pattern revealed 101 (71.1%) presented with generalized seizures while 23 (16.2%) had focal seizures. Only 1 (0.7%) child suffered from epilepsy syndromes while seventeen (12%) had unclassified seizures. EEG reporting showed 41 (29%) had abnormal tracing. Of these, 23 (16%) patients had abnormal focal while 15 (11%) had abnormal generalized frequency and only 3 (2%) were with undetermined reporting. Normal EEG was seen in 101 (71%) patients.

Conclusion: Almost one-third of patients with epilepsy had abnormal EEG findings so antiepileptic therapy selection must be tailored on individual basis, with special focus on patient’s history and clinical presentation.
Assessment of Anxiety and Depression and its Association with Socio-demographic Characteristics among Family Caretakers of Cancer Patients
Authors: Hussain Khalid , Ahmed Tanseer , Ali Amjad , Raza Faheem
Published: February 2022

Objective: To find out the frequency of anxiety and depression and its association with socio-demographics characteristics among family caretakers of cancer patients.

Methodology: This descriptive cross sectional study of 300 participants was carried out at Dr. Ruth K.M Pfau Civil Hospital and Dow University Hospital, Karachi from December 01, 2020 to January 30, 2021. Before the study ethical approval was taken. The Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale (AKU-ADS) was used to assess the symptoms among family caregivers of cancer patients. The inclined adult male and female family members of cancer patients who were admitted in Dow University Hospital and Dr. Ruth K.M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi was included in this study.  The data was analyzed by using SPSS version -21. Frequency analy-

sis was performed for demographic variables and chi-square test was also run to check the association of anxiety and depression with socio-demographic characteristics of study participants.

Results: Finding of this study revealed that 39% of participants were having anxiety and depression. We found that gender, marital status, age group, educational level and patient’s relationship showed significant p value of <0.001 with anxiety and depression.

Conclusion: This study concludes that approximately one third of the study participants suffered from anxiety and depression. The demographic variables contributing to anxiety and depression include age, gender, and marital status, relationship with patient and educational level of the participants.
A case report: Amelogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Zia Dr. Rabia , Aqeel Dr. Samreen
Published: February 2022

SUMMARY

The aim of this case report is to come up with patient friendly restorative treatment for a young female patient with severe AI using indirect composite veneers for anteriors and metal crowns on posteriors. Amelogenesis imperfecta is defined as genetic determined malformation with various manifestations particularly concerning functional disability and enamel discoloration.

After the performed dental procedure, patient improved a lot in terms of chewing efficacy, which in turn enhance her quality of life. Her confidence level was also boosted up with acceptable esthetics. The patient was better able to maintain her oral hygiene in terms of plaque removal and tooth brushing. Clinical Relevance: Patients with amelogenesis imperfect needs life time follow up with high level of maintenance provided with the prosthesis. This particular management provided the patient with least invasive procedure in terms of simplicity and cost effectiveness.

The current case report exhibits that restorative treatment enhances the quality of life of patients. Some other aspects needs to be addressed depending upon the severity and affordability of patients, such as surgical correction of the jaws, and orthodontic treatment.
Qelizat burimore mezenkimale, reagimi ndaj sipërfaqeve implantare drejt osteointegrimit
Authors: Robo Ilma , Heta Saimir , Papakozma Dhimitri , Ostreni Vera
Published: February 2022

Ndryshimi në reliev apo në përmbajtje i sipërfaqeve implantare ka si për qëllim të ndryshoj pozitivisht në reagimin e qelizave burimore rreth implanteve, për nxitjen e osteointegrimit implantar. Kjo ndërhyrje synon në përshpejtimin e procedurës së osteointegrimit të sukseshëm implantar me indet rrethuese, e më tej në futjen në funksion sa më të shpejtë të implanteve të vendosur. Në literaturë hasen gjerësisht artikuj që vënë theksin në mënyrat e ndryshme të modifikimeve të sipërfaqeve implantare të cilat kanë për qëllim modifikimin në relievin sipërfaqësor, kryer me lazer apo me ultratinguj, apo në përmbajtjen cilësore të këtij relievi, siç është shtimi i joneve të ndryshëm, apo i substancave nxitëse të procesit të integrimit kryesisht të proteinave rekombinante. Futja në treg i këtyre implanteve të prodhuar dhe përftimi i rezultateve klinike janë një tjetër risi e artikujve të botuar tashmë në literaturë, që synojnë të tregojnë me të dhëna klinike edhe efektin e këtyre mikrondërhyrjeve në sipërfaqet implantare. Mbështetur në hulumtimin në literaturë të botuar rreth reagimit të qelizave burimore mezenkimale ndaj sipërfaqeve implantare vihet re fakti se rëndësia e e zbatimit me përpikmëri i etapave të protokollit të trajtimit implantar, është çelësi i suksesit në arritjen sa më të hershme të osteointegrimti implantar, pavarësisht ndryshimeve sipërfaqësore implantare. Osteointegrimi ёshtё procedurё qё duhet tё iniciojё fiziologjikisht, pavarёsisht llojit tё materialit veshёs sё implanteve.