bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Printable multi-stage variable stiffness material enabled by low melting point particle additives
Authors: Long Fei , Shao Yingchun , Zhao Zihui , Fang Mingquan , Zhang Zhiyu , Guo Jianjun , Sun Aihua , Ren Yong , Cheng Yuchuan , Xu Gaojie
Published: December 2022

A novel phase-changing composite that gains multi-stage stiffness under the thermal stimulus has been developed to make a mechanism system to adapt to the complex environment, and complex design structures can be fabricated by 4D printing.
Organic microspheres and microcrystals made from pyridine-functionalized chromophores and a chiral phosphoric acid
Authors: Meng Li , Li Zhong-Qiu , Tang Kun , Shao Jiang-Yang , Chen Zili , Zhong Yu-Wu
Published: December 2022

CPL-active microspheres and microcrystals are fabricatedviathe reaction and co-assembly of pyridine derivatives with a chiral phosphoric acid.
Correction: Self-powered wearable sensing devices based on a flexible ammonium-ion battery with fatigue resistance and frost resistance based on a strong and tough hydrogel
Authors: Yang Jia , Zhang Bin , Tian Xiyu , Liu Shuzheng , Xu Zhichao , Sun Gengzhi , Qin Gang , Chen Qiang
Published: December 2022

Correction for ‘Self-powered wearable sensing devices based on a flexible ammonium-ion battery with fatigue resistance and frost resistance based on a strong and tough hydrogel’ by Jia Yang et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc04455b.
Screening and identification of an anti-PD-1 nanobody with antitumor activity
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Yang Shaoqi , Jiang Dan , Li Yanning , Ma Shuo , Wang Liyan , Li Guangqi , Wang Hongxia , Zhang Aijun , Xu Guangxian
Published: December 2022

Blocking of programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 with corresponding antibody to enhance T-cell response and mediate antitumor activity has been successfully applied in clinical practice. Several immune checkpoint inhibitors including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting PD-1 have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in cancer immunotherapy. However, the application of traditional antibodies has limited due to their drawbacks of large molecular weight (MW) and low tissue penetration. As the high specificity and strong tissue penetration of nanobodies (Nbs), efforts have been taken to develop Nbs for cancer therapy. Herein, we aim to screen a specific Nb against human PD-1 derived from a naïve camel Nb phage display library and further study its biological characteristic and antitumor activity. Finally, an anti-PD-1 Nb with high specificity and affinity was screened and generated, its cytotoxicity and antitumor effect was also confirmed in vitro and in vivo. All of these indicate that the anti-PD-1 Nb may provide an alternative and appealing therapeutic agent for cancer immunotherapy.
Assessing episodic memory in rodents using spontaneous object recognition tasks
Authors: Barbosa Flávio Freitas , Castelo-Branco Rochele
Published: December 2022

Models of episodic memory are successfully established using spontaneous object recognition tasks in rodents. In this review, we present behavioral techniques devised to investigate this type of memory, emphasizing methods based on associations of places and temporal order of items explored by rats and mice. We also provide a review on the areas and circuitry of the medial temporal lobe underlying episodic-like memory, considering that a large number of neurobiology data derived from these protocols. Although spontaneous recognition tasks are commonplace in this field, there is need for careful evaluation of factors affecting animal performance. Such as the ongoing development of tools for investigating the neural basis of memory, efforts should be put in the refinement of experimental designs, in order to provide reliable behavioral evidence of this complex mnemonic system.
Exploring the Relationships Between Sound Acceptability, Emotional Reactivity, and Personality
Authors: Huber Rachel J. , Johnson Jani A.
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between emotional reactivity (ER), measures of personality, and sound acceptability (SA) in typically hearing young adults and to determine whether ER and specific personality traits were related to overall SA.

Method:

This exploratory survey study included measures of personality, ER, and SA ratings. Fifty-three typically hearing young adults (18–30 years old) participated.

Results:

Relationships between general ER and personality traits were evaluated. Positive associations were noted between reports of positive reactivity and extraversion and agreeableness and general negative reactivity and neuroticism. A small negative association between agreeableness and negative reactivity was observed.

Relationships between ER, personality traits, and SA were evaluated. The personality trait agreeableness was positively related to SA ratings for transient and episodic loud sounds and episodic average sounds, and negative reactivity was negatively associated with SA ratings for transient loud sounds. Regression analysis indicated that whereas negative ER explained some variance of SA ratings, agreeableness did not further explain any variance in SA ratings.

Conclusions:

This study highlighted the close relationships between some personality traits and ER and demonstrated that aspects of these traits impact perceived SA. For these typically hearing young adults, SA ratings were driven by different combinations of loudness and duration of the sound and further influenced by ER. Although this study focused on typically hearing young adults, the results suggest that evaluating ER could help in identifying those who might have reduced SA. These findings provide a rationale for further investigation of the impact of these variables on amplified SA for amplification users.
Key problems of gas‐fired power plants participating in peak load regulation: A review
Authors: Wang Gang , Bi Mingde , Fan Haifeng , Fan Yihui , Huang Cheng , Shi Yiyue , Liu Wei , Liu Di , Hua Haochen
Published: December 2022

The peak regulation capacity of gas‐fired power plants has always been an important flexibility resource of the power grid. Under the guidance of carbon emission reduction, the coal power units are gradually shut down, making the role of gas‐fired power plants more important. However, in practice, gas‐fired power plants often fail to show satisfactory flexibility. The main reasons are as follows: (1) Part of the capacity mechanism fails to effectively encourage gas‐fired power plants to provide reliable flexibility and (2) the unreliability of fuel supply for gas‐fired power plants. Aiming at these problems, the current capacity mechanism in different countries is first summarised and the applicability of the capacity mechanism for gas‐fired power plants under the government regulation and market‐oriented environment is analysed, respectively. Then, the characteristics of power dispatching and gas dispatching are analysed to explore the internal reasons for the unreliable fuel supply in gas‐fired power plants. Based on the above analysis, the gas‐electric coordination mechanism adapted to different development stages is proposed to solve the problem that the flexibility of gas‐fired power plants cannot be guaranteed. In summary, through the research of this study, it is found that the main reason for the limited flexibility of gas‐fired power plants is the lack of coordination among multiple entities belonging to different energy systems, such as electricity and gas. The cooperation mechanism proposed is an attempt to realise the cooperation between the electric system and the gas system, which provides the reference for closer collaboration among multiple energy systems in the future.
Formulation of nanoemulsion carriers containing Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium) and Gijavash (Froriepia subpinnata) essential oils for enriching Doogh (Iranian dairy drink)
Authors: Habibvand Marzieh , Yousefi Mahsa , Ahmed Salar Ali , Hassanzadeh Hamed
Published: December 2022

Today, the increasing use of chemical preservatives in foods is considered one of the main problems in food industries. This study aimed to produce the pasteurised Doogh (Iranian yogurt drink) containing a nanoemulsion of essential oil (EO) with appropriate quality. A factorial test based on a completely randomised design with two treatments in three levels, including EO type (pennyroyal, Gijavash, and their equal combination) and a control sample was applied to assess the physicochemical and sensory properties of Doogh. The highest negative zeta potential and antioxidant activity percentage were observed in the sample containing the nanoemulsion of pennyroyal and enriched with a combination of two essential oils. The microbial evaluation results indicated that the total microorganism count was minimised in the Doogh containing the nanoemulsion of Gijavash. The nanoemulsions of pennyroyal and Gijavash can be added into Doogh formulation to produce a new product with maximum sensory acceptability.
Dark dust
Authors: Siebenmorgen R.
Published: December 2022

Distance estimates derived from spectroscopy or parallax have been unified by considering extinction by large grains. The addition of such a population of what is called dark dust to models of the diffuse interstellar medium is tested against a contemporary set of observational constraints. By respecting representative solid-phase element abundances, the dark dust model simultaneously explains the typical wavelength-dependent reddening, extinction, and emission of polarised and unpolarised light by interstellar dust particles between far-UV and millimeter wavelengths. The physical properties of dark dust were derived. Dark dust consists of micrometer-sized particles. These particles have recently been detected in situ. Dark dust provides significant wavelength-independent reddening from the far-UV to the near-infrared. Light absorbed by dark dust is re-emitted in the submillimeter region by grains at dust temperatures of 8–12 K. This very cold dust has frequently been observed in external galaxies. Dark dust contributes to the polarisation at ≳1 mm to ~35% and marginally at shorter wavelengths. Optical constants for silicate dust analogous were investigated. By mixing 3% in mass of Mg0.8Fe0.22+ SiO3 to MgO−0.5 SiO2, a good fit to the data was derived that can still accommodate up to 5–10% of mass in dark dust. The additional diming of light by dark dust is unexplored when supernova Ia light curves are discussed and in other research. Previous models that ignored dark dust do not account for the unification of the distance scales.
SN 2020qlb: A hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova with well-characterized light curve undulations
Authors: West S. L. , Lunnan R. , Omand C. M. B. , Kangas T. , Schulze S. , Strotjohann N. L. , Yang S. , Fransson C. , Sollerman J. , Perley D. , Yan L. , Chen T.-W. , Chen Z. H. , Taggart K. , Fremling C. , Bloom J. S. , Drake A. , Graham M. J. , Kasliwal M. M. , Laher R. , Medford M. S. , Neill J. D. , Riddle R. , Shupe D.
Published: December 2022

Context. SN 2020qlb (ZTF20abobpcb) is a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN-I) that is among the most luminous (maximum Mg = −22.25 mag) and that has one of the longest rise times (77 days from explosion to maximum). We estimate the total radiated energy to be > 2.1 × 1051 erg. SN 2020qlb has a well-sampled light curve that exhibits clear near and post peak undulations, a phenomenon seen in other SLSNe, whose physical origin is still unknown.

Aims. We discuss the potential power source of this immense explosion as well as the mechanisms behind its observed light curve undulations.

Methods. We analyze photospheric spectra and compare them to other SLSNe-I. We constructed the bolometric light curve using photometry from a large data set of observations from the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), Liverpool Telescope (LT), and Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and compare it with radioactive, circumstellar interaction and magnetar models. Model residuals and light curve polynomial fit residuals are analyzed to estimate the undulation timescale and amplitude. We also determine host galaxy properties based on imaging and spectroscopy data, including a detection of the [O III]λ4363, auroral line, allowing for a direct metallicity measurement.

Results. We rule out the Arnett 56Ni decay model for SN 2020qlb’s light curve due to unphysical parameter results. Our most favored power source is the magnetic dipole spin-down energy deposition of a magnetar. Two to three near peak oscillations, intriguingly similar to those of SN 2015bn, were found in the magnetar model residuals with a timescale of 32 ± 6 days and an amplitude of 6% of peak luminosity. We rule out centrally located undulation sources due to timescale considerations; and we favor the result of ejecta interactions with circumstellar material (CSM) density fluctuations as the source of the undulations.
La personne compétente en radioprotection / le conseiller en radioprotection : historique, constats et enjeux
Authors: Ammerich M. , Barbey P. , Beltrami L.-A. , Bergeron C. , Bourdeloie R. , Cordelle A. , Guérin C. , Le Denmat D. , Legrand L. , Luccioni C. , Ménéchal P. , Mora S. , Prieto D. , Romane P. , Sans P. , Tancray Y. , Tourneux C. , Trin J. , Vidal J.-P.
Published: December 2022

En l’espace d’une cinquantaine d’année, la réglementation a fait de la personne compétente en radioprotection (PCR) l’acteur principal de la radioprotection dans les différents établissements mettant en œuvre des rayonnements ionisants pour assurer la protection des travailleurs – mais aussi depuis peu celle du public – notamment lors de l’utilisation de sources non scellées. La réglementation définit le rôle et les missions de la PCR, précise son articulation avec les autres acteurs et fixe les modalités de sa formation. Les fonctions de la PCR ont par ailleurs sensiblement évolué avec la création des conseillers en radioprotection (CRP). L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser et de comprendre l’évolution historique de la fonction de PCR, exercée actuellement par plus de 10 000 personnes en France, pour mieux en dégager les enjeux de demain.
Leitung von Endoskopieabteilungen – Führungserleben
und Arbeiten im multidisziplinären Team
Authors: Beilenhoff Ulrike , Heinemann Dorothee , Himmelsbach Lucia , Gabriele Pfeifer Ute , Schmitt Klaus , Schweizer Rebecca
Published: December 2022

Leitungen von Endoskopie und – Funktionsabteilungen haben ein
umfangreiches Aufgabenfeld, das Personalführung, administrative und
organisatorische Aufgaben umfasst.

Methode Mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens wurde das Führungserleben von
Endoskopieleitungen in Deutschland evaluiert und in einem Workshop
weiterentwickelt.

Ergebnisse Endoskopieabteilungen arbeiten vielerorts für mehrere
Fachbereiche. Die Kombination Gastroenterologie und Pneumologie tritt am
häufigsten auf. Herausforderungen für Endoskopieleitungen
ergeben sich unter anderem aus der Altersstruktur der Teams, der Kombinationen
der Fachbereiche und der Sandwich-Position als Leitung im
multidisziplinären Team. Gezielte Delegation von Aufgaben entlasten die
Leitungen und fördern die Mitarbeiter. Innovative
Führungsmodelle sind hilfreich, um Burnout und Teamproblemen
vorzubeugen.
Adipositas aus viszeralonkologischer Perspektive
Authors: Hasenberg Till , König Barbara
Published: December 2022

Weltweit sind 40% der Erwachsenen von Übergewicht und Adipositas betroffen. Neben den bekannten adipositasassoziierten Komorbiditäten, wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, arteriellem Hypertonus
oder der Steatosis hepatitis u. a., rückt der Einfluss eines erhöhten Körpergewichts auf das Risiko maligner Erkrankungen in den Fokus. Für mehr als 20 Tumorarten ist ein gewichtsabhängiger
Prävalenzanstieg belegt, wobei die pathophysiologischen Einflüsse vielfältig sind und unterschiedlichste Aspekte der Tumorentstehung umfassen. Hier zu nennen sind chronische
Entzündungsprozesse, Hyperinsulinämie und Insulinresistenz, verschiedene Wachstumsfaktoren und Geschlechtshormone. Auch im viszeralonkologischen Krankengut finden sich zahlreiche Tumoren,
deren Erkrankungsrisiko mit dem Körpergewicht teilweise deutlich ansteigt. Dies zeigt sich u. a. beim kolorektalen Karzinom, hepatozellulären Karzinom, Adenokarzinom von Pankreas und
Ösophagus sowie beim Kardiakarzinom. Da die Adipositas als grundsätzlich vermeidbare oder ursächlich behandelbare Krebsursache angesehen werden muss, beschäftigt sich diese Übersichtsarbeit
zum einen mit dem Einfluss einer Adipositas auf die Prävalenz viszeralonkologisch relevanter Tumoren sowie deren Prävention und Therapie. Zum anderen wird die aktuelle Datenlage zum Einfluss
adipositaschirurgischer Eingriffe auf die Tumorprävalenz dargestellt. Nach bariatrischen Eingriffen kann beim Adenokarzinom des Pankreas und beim hepatozellulären Karzinom eine deutlich
geringere Malignomprävalenz beobachtet werden, gerade bei Letzterem kann dieser Effekt durch den mit der Gewichtsreduktion einhergehenden Rückgang der nicht alkoholischen Fettlebererkrankung
(NAFLD) erklärt werden. Beim kolorektalen Karzinom hingegen zeigen die verfügbaren Daten ein eher inhomogenes Bild. Bei Malignomen des ösophagealen Übergangs wiederum wird, trotz der
berechtigten Sorge, dass bariatrische Operationen (insbesondere die Schlauchmagenresektion) zu einer refluxbedingten erhöhten Prävalenz von Barrett-Karzinomen führen, keine relevante
Erhöhung der Malignomrate beobachtet.
Aligning Semantic Interoperability Frameworks with the FOXS Stack for FAIR Health Data
Authors: Meredith John , Whitehead Nik , Dacey Michael
Published: December 2022

Background FAIR Guiding Principles present a synergy with the use cases for digital health records, in that clinical data need to be found, accessible within a range of environments, and data must interoperate between systems and subsequently reused. The use of HL7 FHIR, openEHR, IHE XDS, and SNOMED CT (FOXS) together represents a specification to create an open digital health platform for modern health care applications.

Objectives To describe where logical FOXS components align to the European Open Science Cloud Interoperability Framework (EOSC-IF) reference architecture for semantic interoperability. This should provide a means of defining if FOXS aligns to FAIR principles and to establish the data models and structures that support longitudinal care records as being fit to underpin scientific research.

Methods The EOSC-IF Semantic View is a representation of semantic interoperability where meaning is preserved between systems and users. This was analyzed and cross-referenced with FOXS architectural components, mapping concepts, and objects that describe content such as catalogues and semantic artifacts.

Results Majority of conceptual Semantic View components were featured within the FOXS architecture. Semantic Business Objects are composed of a range of elements such as openEHR archetypes and templates, FHIR resources and profiles, SNOMED CT concepts, and XDS document identifiers. Semantic Functional Content comprises catalogues of metadata that were also supported by openEHR and FHIR tools.

Conclusions Despite some elements of EOSC-IF being vague (e.g., FAIR Digital Object), there was a broad conformance to the framework concepts and the components of a FOXS platform. This work supports a health-domain-specific view of semantic interoperability and how this may be achieved to support FAIR data for health research via a standardized framework.
Establishing a Point-of-Care Virtual Planning and 3D Printing Program
Authors: Sears Victoria A. , Morris Jonathan M.
Published: December 2022

Virtual surgical planning (VSP) and three-dimensional (3D) printing have become a standard of care at our institution, transforming the surgical care of complex patients. Patient-specific, anatomic models and surgical guides are clinically used to improve multidisciplinary communication, presurgical planning, intraoperative guidance, and the patient informed consent. Recent innovations have allowed both VSP and 3D printing to become more accessible to various sized hospital systems. Insourcing such work has several advantages including quicker turnaround times and increased innovation through collaborative multidisciplinary teams. Centralizing 3D printing programs at the point-of-care provides a greater cost-efficient investment for institutions. The following article will detail capital equipment needs, institutional structure, operational personnel, and other considerations necessary in the establishment of a POC manufacturing program.
Virtual Surgical Planning and Three-Dimensional Printing in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Townsend Alexandra , Tepper Oren M.
Published: December 2022

Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology offer a more comprehensive means of assessing facial features. 3D printing allows for the transition of planning from simply a preoperative tool to an intraoperative device with the use of tools such as 3D-printed cutting guides, marking guides, or positioning guides. With the advent of 3D printing technology, 3D surface images can now be used to generate new medical models, devices, or tools to assist with rhinoplasty during preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. In the field of rhinoplasty, 3D printing can be applied in three main areas: (1) reference models, (2) surgical guides, and (3) nasal splints. The value of 3D imaging extends far beyond the benefits of “conversion” during a preoperative consultation and has the potential to greatly enhance the overall treatment of rhinoplasty patients with enhanced communication and personalized devices that can be used during surgery and in the postoperative phase.
Structure of soliton bound states in the parametrically driven and damped nonlinear systems
Authors: Bogdan M. M. , Charkina O. V.
Published: December 2022

Static soliton bound states in nonlinear systems are investigated analytically and numerically in the framework of the parametrically driven and damped nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We find that the ordinary differential equations, which determine bound soliton solutions, can be transformed into the form resembling the Schrödinger-like equations for eigenfunctions with fixed eigenvalues. We assume that a nonlinear part of the equations is close to the reflectionless potential well occurring in the scattering problem, associated with the integrable equations. We show that symmetric two-hump soliton solution is quite well described analytically by the three-soliton formula with the fixed soliton parameters, depending on the strength of parametric pumping and the dissipation constant.
Nonlinear dynamics of the magnet with localized high-frequency external impact
Authors: Kovalev A. S. , Peretyatko A. A.
Published: December 2022

The stability of quasi-soliton excitations localized in a magnet near the region of excitation by a high-frequency external field has been studied within the framework of two models. They include nonlinear regions strongly excited by external pumping and regions of subsystems interacting with them, considered in the linear approximation. In the first model, the linear region is considered in the long-wavelength approximation for a system of finite length with distributed parameters. The second model considers a finite-dimensional system of coupled two linear and nonlinear magnetic moments under point pumping conditions. The similarity of the results of the two models is demonstrated. The existence of two regions of instability is shown: exponential and oscillatory, and their parameters are calculated. In both cases, the transition to the nonlinear regime of instability is accompanied by the formation of a train of nonlinear excitations of the type of “temporary” solitons of different nature. The nonlinear evolution of the instability leads to the transition of the system to a new stable state in the case of exponential instability, and the state of a stable limit cycle in the region of oscillatory instability.
Tanzania’s solidarity tax
Authors: Nyonzo Francis
Published: December 2022

Financial services are important for development. Most people in developing countries lack access to financial services. The availability of financial services on mobile phones has made these services accessible to people who previously lacked access. Economists have recommended that infrastructure and tax systems be improved in order to enable more people to benefit from mobile financial services. However, in 2021 the Tanzanian government introduced levies on mobile transactions and airtime, which increased the costs of transactions, contrary to the advice of economists. This briefing discusses the taxes on mobile money transactions and their economic legitimacy, considering the fact that the country was not in an emergency and that there are revenue losses.
Effect of the annealing treatment on structural and transport properties of thermoelectric Sm
y
(Fe
x
Ni1−x
)4Sb12 thin films
Authors: Latronico Giovanna , Mele Paolo , Sekine Chihiro , Wei Pan Sian , Singh Saurabh , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Bourgès Cédric , Baba Takahiro , Mori Takao , Manfrinetti Pietro , Artini Cristina
Published: December 2022

The crystallographic and transport properties of thin films fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and belonging to the Sm
y
(Fe
x
Ni1-x
)4Sb12 filled skutterudite system were studied with the aim to unveil the effect exerted by temperature and duration of thermal treatments on structural and thermoelectric features. The importance of annealing treatments in Ar atmosphere up to 523 K was recognized, and the thermal treatment performed at 473 K for 3 h was selected as the most effective in improving the material properties. With respect to the corresponding bulk compositions, a significant enhancement in phase purity, as well as an increase in electrical conductivity and a drop in room temperature thermal conductivity, were observed in annealed films. The low thermal conductivity, in particular, can be deemed as deriving from the reduced dimensionality and the consequent substrate/film interfacial stress, coupled with the nanometric grain size.
Heavy metal deposition temperature tuned spin pumping efficiency control in permalloy/tantalum bilayers
Authors: Priyanka P , Makani N H , Banerjee R , Sarkar I
Published: December 2022

Spin pumping is a key property for spintronic application that can be realized in heavy metal/ferromagnet bilayers. Here we demonstrate the possibility of improving spin pumping in permalloy (Py)/tantalum (Ta) bilayers through control of Ta heavy metal deposition temperature. Through a combination of structural and ferromagnetic resonance based magnetization dynamics study, we reveal the role of Ta deposition temperature in improving spin mixing conductance which is a key parameter for spin pumping across the Py/Ta interface. The results show that by depositing Ta above room temperature, a high spin mixing conductance of 7.7 ×1018 m−2 is obtained with α-Ta layer. The results present an understanding of the correlation between heavy metal deposition temperature and interface structure improvement and consequent control of spin pumping in Py/Ta bilayers.
Discretized hexagonal boron nitride quantum emitters and their chemical interconversion
Authors: Kozawa Daichi , Li Sylvia Xin , Ichihara Takeo , Rajan Ananth Govind , Gong Xun , He Guangwei , Koman Volodymyr B , Zeng Yuwen , Kuehne Matthias , Silmore Kevin S , Parviz Dorsa , Liu Pingwei , Liu Albert Tianxiang , Faucher Samuel , Yuan Zhe , Warner Jamie , Blankschtein Daniel , Strano Michael S
Published: December 2022

Quantum emitters in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are of significant interest because of their unique photophysical properties, such as single-photon emission at room temperature, and promising applications in quantum computing and communications. The photoemission from hBN defects covers a wide range of emission energies but identifying and modulating the properties of specific emitters remain challenging due to uncontrolled formation of hBN defects. In this study, more than 2000 spectra are collected consisting of single, isolated zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) between 1.59 and 2.25 eV from diverse sample types. Most of ZPLs are organized into seven discretized emission energies. All emitters exhibit a range of lifetimes from 1 to 6 ns, and phonon sidebands offset by the dominant lattice phonon in hBN near 1370 cm−1. Two chemical processing schemes are developed based on water and boric acid etching that generate or preferentially interconvert specific emitters, respectively. The identification and chemical interconversion of these discretized emitters should significantly advance the understanding of solid-state chemistry and photophysics of hBN quantum emission.
Detailed dosimetric evaluation of inter-fraction and respiratory motion in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy based on daily 4D cone beam CT images
Authors: Huesa-Berral Carlos , Juan-Cruz Celia , van Kranen Simon , Rossi Maddalena , Belderbos José , Diego Azcona Juan , Burguete Javier , Sonke Jan-Jakob
Published: December 2022

Objective. Periodic respiratory motion and inter-fraction variations are sources of geometric uncertainty in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) of pulmonary lesions. This study extensively evaluates and validates the separate and combined dosimetric effect of both factors using 4D-CT and daily 4D-cone beam CT (CBCT) dose accumulation scenarios. Approach. A first cohort of twenty early stage or metastatic disease lung cancer patients were retrospectively selected to evaluate each scenario. The planned-dose (3DRef) was optimized on a 3D mid-position CT. To estimate the dosimetric impact of respiratory motion (4DRef), inter-fractional variations (3DAcc) and the combined effect of both factors (4DAcc), three dose accumulation scenarios based on 4D-CT, daily mid-cone beam CT (CBCT) position and 4D-CBCT were implemented via CT-CT/CT-CBCT deformable image registration (DIR) techniques. Each scenario was compared to 3DRef. A separate cohort of ten lung SBRT patients was selected to validate DIR techniques. The distance discordance metric (DDM) was implemented per voxel and per patient for tumor and organs at risk (OARs), and the dosimetric impact for CT-CBCT DIR geometric errors was calculated. Main results. Median and interquartile range (IQR) of the dose difference per voxel were 0.05/2.69 Gy and −0.12/2.68 Gy for

3

D
Acc

−
3

D
Ref

and

4

D
Acc

−
3

D
Ref

.

For

4

D
Ref

−
3

D
Ref

the IQR was considerably smaller −0.15/0.78 Gy. These findings were confirmed by dose volume histogram parameters calculated in tumor and OARs. For CT-CT/CT-CBCT DIR validation, DDM (95th percentile) was highest for heart (6.26 mm)/spinal cord (8.00 mm), and below 3 mm for tumor and the rest of OARs. The dosimetric impact of CT-CBCT DIR errors was below 2 Gy for tumor and OARs. Significance. The dosimetric impact of inter-fraction variations were shown to dominate those of periodic respiration in SBRT for pulmonary lesions. Therefore, treatment evaluation and dose-effect studies would benefit more from dose accumulation focusing on day-to-day changes then those that focus on respiratory motion.
The encapsulation of atomically-thin MgB2-based superconductors in two-dimensional material bilayers
Authors: Haidar El-Abed , Abdulkader Tawfik Sherif , Stampfl Catherine
Published: December 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) superconductors are a class of materials with unique properties that can potentially exhibit novel superconductivity at a reduced dimensionality, as well as pave the way for miniaturizing superconducting devices at the atomic limit. However, such materials are highly sensitive to interaction with their substrates and the environment, and therefore it is necessary to find potential methods for chemically isolating them. We address this problem by examining the possibility of isolating the medium-temperature 2D MgB2-based superconductors. We examine two possible structures: the monolayer stoichiometric MgB2 and the B-caged Mg3B8 structure. By solving the anisotropic Eliashberg equations, we predict that the latter possesses

T
c

∼
50

 K upon application of a small lateral (3% tensile) strain, with an electron–phonon coupling of 0.88. To investigate protecting the superconductivity of these two layers, we apply density functional theory calculations to examine their encapsulation in a graphene bilayer or a hexagonal boron nitride bilayer. We find that both have high potential as encapsulation systems to protect the superconductivity of the 2D MgB2-based superconductors, in particular B-caged (B–Mg)
n
systems.
Quantifying the entanglement of quantum states under the geometric method
Authors: Shi Xian , Chen Lin , Liang Yixuan
Published: December 2022

Quantifying entanglement is an important issue in quantum information theory. Here we consider the entanglement measures through the trace norm in terms of two methods, the modified measure and the extended measure for bipartite states. We present the analytical formula for the pure states in terms of the modified measure and the mixed states of two-qubit systems for the extended measure. We also generalize the modified measure from bipartite states to tripartite states.
Interaction of spatial-Gaussian lasers with the magnetized CNTs in the presence of DC electric field and enhanced THz emission
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Vij Shivani , Kant Niti , Thakur Vishal
Published: December 2022

The interaction of spatial-Gaussian lasers

∼

10

13

Wcm

−
2

with magnetized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the presence of a DC electric field is shown to broaden the surface plasmon resonance effectively. The prime feature of the interaction of lasers with magnetized CNTs is that when the electron cylinder of CNT is shifted with respect to the ion cylinder, the space charge electric field is developed in the overlapped region and results in the restoration force of the electrons. The restoration force along with the ponderomotive and magnetic forces assist to increase the nonlinear current which is further enhanced by the drift velocity acquired by the electrons of CNTs due to the applied static electric field. This action is also responsible for the enhanced THz yield at surface plasmon resonance condition

ω
=

ω

p

ρ
/
2

ε

g

+

ω

c
2

/

ω

P
2

,

where

ρ

is the polarization coefficient,

ϵ

g

is the relative permittivity of the dielectric substrate,

ω

c

is the cyclotron frequency of CNT electrons and

ω

p

is the plasma frequency. The study reveals that THz generation from the magnetized CNTs may be a promising source for the detection of dangerous chemicals like royal demolition explosive (RDX), pentaerythritol tetra-nitrate (PETN), trinitrotoluene (TNT), etc.
Lattice Boltzmann model for a class of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations with variable coefficients
Authors: Wu Fangfang , Xu Duoduo , Wang Yingying
Published: December 2022

In this paper, a unified lattice Boltzmann model is proposed for a class of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations with variable coefficients. To deal with variable coefficients and coupling problems in equations, the scheme uses part of the convective terms as source terms and rewrites the coupled partial differential equations into a general equation. Through selecting equilibrium distribution functions and amending functions properly, the macroscopic equations with the second order accuracy can be recovered correctly from the Lattice Boltzmann model. Some numerical experiments are used to validate the model, and the numerical results agree well with the analytical solutions, indicating that the current lattice Boltzmann model is an effective method for solving a class of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations with variable coefficients.
Understanding developing turbulence by a study of the nonlinear energy transfer in the Navier–Stokes equation
Authors: Buchhave Preben , Velte Clara M
Published: December 2022

In the present work, we investigate a numerical one-dimensional solver to the Navier–Stokes equation that retains all terms, including both pressure and dissipation. Solutions to simple examples that illustrate the actions of the nonlinear term are presented and discussed. The calculations take the full 4D flow as its starting point and continuously projects the forces acting on the fluid at a fixed Eulerian point in a stationary coordinate system onto the direction of the instantaneous velocity. Pressure is included through modeling. Adhering to the requirement that time must in general be considered an independent variable, the time development of the time records and power spectra of the velocity fluctuations are studied. It is found that the actions of the nonlinear term in the Navier–Stokes equation manifests itself by generating sharp pulses in the time traces, where the sharpness is bounded by the finite viscosity. In the spectral domain, the sharp gradients in the pulses generate energy contributions at high frequencies that yields a −2 slope across the inertial range. The −2 (or −6/3) slope is explained through a simple example and the classically expected −5/3 slope in the inertial range can be recovered from the pressure fluctuations from the full flow field that can be considered a noise contribution at the point considered. We also observe that the spectrum can in principle keep spreading to higher frequencies or wavenumbers without upper bound, as the viscosity is approaching the zero limit.
On kinetics and extreme values in systems with random interactions
Authors: Girard Martin
Published: December 2022

Biological environments such as the cytoplasm are comprised of many different molecules, which makes explicit modeling intractable. In the spirit of Wigner, one may be tempted to assume interactions to derive from a random distribution. Via this approximation, the system can be efficiently treated in the mean-field, and general statements about expected behavior of such systems can be made. Here, I study systems of particles interacting via random potentials, outside of mean-field approximations. These systems exhibit a phase transition temperature, under which part of the components precipitate. The nature of this transition appears to be non-universal, and to depend intimately on the underlying distribution of interactions. Above the phase transition temperature, the system can be efficiently treated using a Bethe approximation, which shows a dependence on extreme value statistics. Relaxation timescales of this system tend to be slow, but can be made arbitrarily fast by increasing the number of neighbors of each particle.
Universal growth of social groups: empirical analysis and modeling
Authors: Vranić Ana , Smiljanić Jelena , Dankulov Marija Mitrović
Published: December 2022

Social groups are fundamental elements of any social system. Their emergence and evolution are closely related to the structure and dynamics of a social system. Research on social groups was primarily focused on the growth and the structure of the interaction networks of social system members and how members’ group affiliation influences the evolution of these networks. The distribution of groups’ size and how members join groups has not been investigated in detail. Here we combine statistical physics and complex network theory tools to analyze the distribution of group sizes in three data sets, Meetup groups based in London and New York and Reddit. We show that all three distributions exhibit log-normal behavior that indicates universal growth patterns in these systems. We propose a theoretical model that combines social and random diffusion of members between groups to simulate the roles of social interactions and members’ interest in the growth of social groups. The simulation results show that our model reproduces growth patterns observed in empirical data. Moreover, our analysis shows that social interactions are more critical for the diffusion of members in online groups, such as Reddit, than in offline groups, such as Meetup. This work shows that social groups follow universal growth mechanisms that need to be considered in modeling the evolution of social systems.
An experimental study to understand the physics behind charging-up of Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Tripathy Sridhar , Mukhopadhyay Supratik , Majumdar Nayana , Sarkar Sandip
Published: December 2022

Charging-up is a phenomenon observed while working with gaseous ionization detector having dielectric. It is comprised of two processes: the polarization of dielectric due to exposure to high electric field and collection of charges on dielectric surface. Both these charging-up processes affect the gain of the detector as they change the local field configuration around the dielectric. Here, we have studied these effects using experimental techniques for a single GEM detector. It has been observed that due to polarization the gain has increased following a curve similar to charging-up of a capacitor. However, the radiation charging-up has reduced gain depending on radiation rate. Here, the radiation rate has been modified by using a) collimators, b) strong and weak sources. As the rate has been increased, the rate of collection of charges on GEM dielectric has accelerated. Its effects are important for experiments where beam current changes significantly with time and in TPC application which requires gain to be stable over time.
Test-beam demonstration of a TORCH prototype module
Authors: Smallwood J C , Bhasin S , Blake T , Brook N H , Cicala M F , Conneely T , Cussans D , van Dijk M W U , Forty R , Frei C , Gabriel E P M , Gao R , Gershon T , Gys T , Hadavizadeh T , Hancock T H , Harnew N , Kreps M , Milnes J , Piedigrossi D , Rademacker J
Published: December 2022

The TORCH time-of-flight detector is designed to provide a 15 ps timing resolution for charged particles, resulting in π/K particle identification up to 10 GeV/c momentum over a 10 m flight path. Cherenkov photons, produced in a quartz plate of 10 mm thickness, are focused onto an array of micro-channel plate photomultipliers (MCP-PMTs) which measure the photon arrival times and spatial positions. A half-scale (660 × 1250 × 10 mm3) TORCH demonstrator module has been tested in an 8 GeV/c mixed proton-pion beam at CERN. Customised square MCP-PMTs of active area 53 × 53 mm2 and granularity 64 × 64 pixels have been employed, which have been developed in collaboration with an industrial partner. The single-photon timing performance and photon yields have been measured as a function of beam position in the radiator, giving measurements which are consistent with expectations. The expected performance of TORCH for high luminosity running of the LHCb Upgrade II has been simulated.
Fast Beam Condition Monitor of the CMS experiment at HL-LHC
Authors: Sedghi Mohammad
Published: December 2022

To achieve the challenging target of 1% precision for luminosity measurement at the high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) with instantaneous luminosity up to 7.5×1034 cm−2 s−1, the CMS experiment will employ multiple luminometers with orthogonal systematics. A key component of the proposed system is a standalone luminometer, the Fast Beam Condition Monitor (FBCM), which is fully independent of the central trigger and data acquisition and hence is able to operate outside of CMS data taking periods at 40 MHz providing bunch-by-bunch luminosity measurement with 1 s time granularity. FBCM will be placed inside the cold volume of the tracker as it utilizes silicon-pad sensors with an asynchronous read-out. A zero-hit-counting algorithm will be used to measure luminosity. FBCM will also provide precise timing information with a few ns precision enabling the measurement of beam-induced background. We report on the optimization of the design and the expected performance of FBCM.
Background suppression with SND electromagnetic calorimeter time channel
Authors: Achasov M N , Druzhinin V P , Kardapoltsev L V , Korol A A , Kovrizhin D P , Melnikova N A , Serednyakov S I , Surin I K
Published: December 2022

The SND is a non-magnetic detector deployed at the VEPP-2000 e
+
e
− collider (BINP, Novosibirsk) for hadronic cross-section measurements in the center of mass energy range below 2 GeV. The important part of the detector is a hodoscopic electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) with three layers of NaI(Tl) counters. EMC signal shaping and digitizing electronics based on FADC allow us to obtain both the energy deposition and the signal arrival time. We demonstrate how EMC time is applied to detect background pileup and cosmic events.
The CMS High Granularity Calorimeter Scintillator/SiPM Tileboards
Authors: Reinecke Mathias
Published: December 2022

The new CMS High Granularity Calorimeter (HGCAL), being built for HL-LHC, will have unprecedented transverse and longitudinal readout and trigger segmentation. In regions of low radiation, HGCAL will be equipped with small plastic scintillator tiles as active material coupled to on-tile silicon photomultipliers. With respect to earlier developments targeted at a future e+e-collider, additional challenges in terms of radiation hardness, data rates and mechanical integration including cooling need to be addressed. We will present the evolving design, results on the performance of irradiated SiPMs, the optimisation of scintillator tiles, the status of active element prototypes with integrated electronics, and the preparations for automated production.
Towards the construction of the Mu2e electromagnetic calorimeter at Fermilab
Authors: Atanov N. , Baranov V. , Borrel L. , Bloise C. , Budagov J. , Ceravolo S. , Cervelli F. , Colao F. , Cordelli M. , Corradi G. , Davydov Y. I. , Di Falco S. , Diociaiuti E. , Donati S. , Donghia R. , Echenard B. , Ferrari C. , Gioiosa A. , Giovannella S. , Giusti V. , Glagolev V. , Grancagnolo F. , Hampai D. , Happacher F. , Hitlin D. , Lin D. , Marini A. , Martini M. , Middleton S. , Miscetti S. , Morescalchi L. , Pasciuto D. , Pedreschi E. , Porter F. , Raffaelli F. , Saputi A. , Sarra I. , Spinella F. , Taffara A. , Tassielli G. F. , Tereshchenko V. , Usubov Z. , Vasilyev I. I. , Zanetti A. , Zhu R. Y.
Published: December 2022

Mu2e will search for the Charge Lepton Flavor Violating (CLFV) conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus. A clean discovery signature is provided by the mono-energetic conversion electron (Ee
= 104.96 MeV). If no events are observed, Mu2e will set a limit on the ratio between the conversion and the nuclear capture rate below 3 × 10−17 (at 90% C.L.). In order to confirm that the observed candidate is an electron, the calorimeter resolution requirements are to provide Eres
< 10%, Tres
< 500 ps for 100 MeV electrons while working in vacuum and in a high radiation environment and high magnetic field. The calorimeter is made of two annular aluminum disks, each one filled with 674 pure CsI crystals read out by SiPMs. A sophisticated mechanics and cooling system has been developed to support the crystals and cool the sensors. Radiation hard analog and fast digital electronics have been developed. In this paper the QC tests performed on the produced components and the construction status are reported, as well as the results obtained on the large size prototype with test beam data and at a cosmic ray test stand.
Status of the NEXT experiment.
Authors: Simón A.
Published: December 2022

NEXT is an international experimental program aiming at the detection of 0𝜈ββ decay in 136Xe using a high-pressure gaseous xenon electroluminescent TPC. The technique allows for superb energy resolution, 1% FWHM at Q
ββ
, and topological discrimination based on the unique signature that a double electron produces in a gaseous medium. With ∼0.5 m in each dimension, NEXT-White (NEW) has been operating underground since 2016 at the Laboratorio Subterráneo de Canfranc (LSC), using xenon enriched to 90% 136Xe. Its purpose is to validate all aspects of the technology on a large scale and demonstrate its performance on 2𝜈ββ decay events. NEXT-100 will replace NEW and construction will start during 2021. It will deploy ∼97 kg of enriched xenon and demonstrate sensitivity to 0𝜈ββ decay half-lives on the scale of 1025 yr.