bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of alkoxysulfonyl radicals from chlorosulfates and their intramolecular capture with alkynes to obtain sultones
Authors: Cala Lara , García-Pedrero Olaya , Rubio-Presa Rubén , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix
Published: September 2020

Alkoxysulfonyl radicals, species known for a long time but scarcely studied, are used as key intermediates in an unprecedented cyclization reaction to synthesize sultones from alkyne-containing chlorosulfate derivatives.
Nuclearity control in calix[4]arene-based zinc(ii) coordination complexes
Authors: Kniazeva Mariia V. , Ovsyannikov Alexander S. , Islamov Daut R. , Samigullina Aida I. , Gubaidullin Aidar T. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Solovieva Svetlana E. , Antipin Igor S. , Ferlay Sylvie
Published: September 2020

Three zinc-based coordination complexes were selectively generated in the crystalline phase using a new flexible molecular “tweezers” calix[4]arene derivative ligand decorated with two appended carboxylic moieties and benzyl spacers ((3-4H)).
Immobilization of arrestin-3 on different biosensor platforms for evaluating GPCR binding
Authors: Avsar Saziye Yorulmaz , Kapinos Larisa E. , Schoenenberger Cora-Ann , Schertler Gebhard F. X. , Mühle Jonas , Meger Benoit , Lim Roderick Y. H. , Ostermaier Martin K. , Lesca Elena , Palivan Cornelia G.
Published: September 2020

Label free, biosensor-based screening approaches can be easily adapted for testing interactions of arrestins with different GPCRs.
Accurate conformational stability and cationic structure of piperidine determined by conformer-specific VUV-MATI spectroscopy
Authors: Eom So Young , Lee Yu Ran , Kwon Chan Ho
Published: September 2020

Piperidine has received attention in pharmaceutical synthesis and biochemical degradation because of its conformational activity.
Gas–water interface engineered exceptional photoconversion of fatty acids to olefins
Authors: Dai Qin , Lin Jingyi , Cao Hongbin , Zhao He , Yu Guangfei , Li Chaoqun , Wang Tianyu , Shi Yanchun , Wang Guangwei , Gong Jinlong
Published: September 2020

Enhanced selective production of LAOs by using interfacial water.
Light-driven deracemization of phosphinothricin by engineered fatty acid photodecarboxylase on a gram scale
Authors: Cheng Feng , Li Heng , Wu Dong-Yang , Li Ju-Mou , Fan Yi , Xue Ya-Ping , Zheng Yu-Guo
Published: September 2020

A photobiocatalytic deracemization of phosphinothricin (PPT) was developed to generatel-PPT with high stereoselectivity on a gram scale.
Electrodeposited Cu–Pd bimetallic catalysts for the selective electroreduction of CO2 to ethylene
Authors: Feng Ruting , Zhu Qinggong , Chu Mengen , Jia Shuaiqiang , Zhai Jianxin , Wu Haihong , Wu Peng , Han Buxing
Published: September 2020

Cu–Pd bimetallic catalysts were fabricated on carbon paper (CP) by the electrodeposition method via a dynamic hydrogen bubble template approach.
New insights into ethionamide metabolism: influence of oxidized methionine on its degradation path
Authors: Vale Nuno , Duarte Diana , Correia Alexandra , Alves Cláudia , Figueiredo Patrícia , Santos Hélder A.
Published: September 2020

Ethionamide (ETH) is a commercial drug, used as a second-line resource to neutralize Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.
Strain tuning of the Stokes shift in atomically thin semiconductors
Authors: Niehues Iris , Marauhn Philipp , Deilmann Thorsten , Wigger Daniel , Schmidt Robert , Arora Ashish , Michaelis de Vasconcellos Steffen , Rohlfing Michael , Bratschitsch Rudolf
Published: September 2020

We measure the Stokes shift of excitonic transitions in 2D semiconductors and tune it by mechanical strain.
Engineered liquid crystal nano droplets: insights from multi-scale simulations
Authors: Sumer Zeynep , Fernandez F. Anibal , Striolo Alberto
Published: September 2020

We propose ameso-scale approach that combines the strengths of continuum theory and coarse-grained molecular simulations.
One polymer composition, various morphologies: the decisive influence of conditions on the polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of N-acryloyl thiomorpholine
Authors: Sobotta Fabian H. , Kuchenbrod Maren , Hoeppener Stephanie , Brendel Johannes C.
Published: September 2020

Adaptation of solution morphologies for the same block copolymer by variation of conditions during the aqueous RAFT dispersion polymerization of N-acryloylthiomorpholine.
Fast increase of nanofluidic slip in supercooled water: the key role of dynamics
Authors: Herrero Cecilia , Tocci Gabriele , Merabia Samy , Joly Laurent
Published: September 2020

Wall slip unexpectedly increases quickly in supercooled water, with foreseeable consequences for its nanoconfined dynamics and phase behavior.
Palladium-catalyzed double coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with isocyanides: a direct approach to symmetrical N-aryl dialkynylimines
Authors: Xi Zhi-Wei , He Yan , Liu Li-Qiu , Wang Ying-Chun
Published: September 2020

We have synthesized symmetrical N-aryl dialkynylimines via the palladium-catalyzed double coupling reaction of terminal alkynes with isonitriles, and the obtained dialkynylimines could be readily converted into 2-iodobenzo[f]quinoline derivatives.
Visible-light-enabled aerobic oxidative Csp3–H functionalization of glycine derivatives using an organic photocatalyst: access to substituted quinoline-2-carboxylates
Authors: Wang Jingxin , Li Liqi , Guo Ying , Li Shengyu , Wang Shutao , Li Ying , Zhang Yuan
Published: September 2020

A metal-free visible-light-induced aerobic oxidative dehydrogenative coupling reaction of glycine derivatives with olefins has been developed to efficiently synthesize quinoline-2-carboxylates.
Functional polyimides based on diamine containing diarylethylene moieties and their photochromic mechanism studies
Authors: Huang Wenxiu , Long Yubo , Yang Tengzhou , Zhou Zhuxin , Qu Lunjun , Wu Minming , Qi Xiaolong , Liu Siwei , Chi Zhenguo , Xu Jiarui , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2020

Diarylethylene (DTE) bearing polyimides showed reversible photochromic behaviors and photoluminescence “on/off” effects, expanded application conditions of photochromic polymers and enhanced tolerance as electronic devices in extreme environments.
Pendant conjugated molecules based on a heterogeneous core structure with enhanced morphological and emissive properties for organic semiconductor lasing
Authors: Liu Xu , Sang Ming , Zhou Jinghan , Xu Shihao , Zhang Jialing , Yan Yu , Lin He , Lai Wen-Yong
Published: September 2020

A set of oligofluorene-type pendant conjugated molecules based on heterogeneous core structures (C1 and C2) with enhanced morphological and emissive properties have been synthesized and explored as gain media for organic semiconductor lasers.
Zinc-catalyzed asymmetric nitrooxylation of β-keto esters/amides with a benziodoxole-derived nitrooxy transfer reagent
Authors: Li Bin , Cheng Xuan , Guan Zhen-Yu , Li Si-Yuan , Huo Tao , Cheng Guo , Fan Yan-Hui , Zhou Fang-Shuai , Deng Qing-Hai
Published: September 2020

Zinc-catalyzed asymmetric nitrooxylation to afford a series of α-nitrooxy β-keto esters/amides in high yields and with low to moderate enantioselectivities has been disclosed.
Coaxial nanofiber scaffold with super-active platelet lysate to accelerate the repair of bone defects
Authors: Huang Zhipeng , Wang Wantao , Wang Qinglong , Hojnacki Taylor , Wang Yanli , Fu Yansheng , Wang Wenbo
Published: September 2020

Coaxial electrospinning three-dimensional scaffold and its release various biological factors after filling the bone defect to induce adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts on the nano scaffold.
Novel edaravone-based azo dyes: efficient synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity, DFT calculations and comprehensive investigation of the solvent effect on the absorption spectra
Authors: Davasaz Rabbani Mohammad Amin , Khalili Behzad , Saeidian Hamid
Published: September 2020

The present study deals with designing and synthesizing novel dyes using the drug combination of edaravone and azo compounds which can be used as an indicator for anions and cations.
Organoborohydride-catalyzed Chichibabin-type C4-position alkylation of pyridines with alkenes assisted by organoboranes
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Runhan , Guan Wei , Li Yanfei , Li Xiaohong , Yin Jianjun , Zhang Ge , Zhang Qian , Xiong Tao , Zhang Qian
Published: September 2020

The first NaBEt3H-catalyzed intermolecular Chichibabin-type alkylation of pyridines with alkenes as the latent nucleophiles is presented in the presence of BEt3, and a series of branched C4-alkylated pyridines were obtained in a regiospecific manner.
Self-assembly of pentapeptides in ethanol to develop organogels
Authors: Tan Tingyuan , Shen Zhiwei , Wang Yujiao , Guo Zhen , Hu Jun , Zhang Yi
Published: September 2020

The ECAYF peptide self-assembled into entangled fibrils and immobilized ethanol to develop thermally reversible gels.
Manganese dioxide nanosheet functionalized reduced graphene oxide as a compacted cathode matrix for lithium–sulphur batteries with a low electrolyte/sulphur ratio
Authors: Pan Hui , Cheng Zhibin , Zhang Xuan , Wan Kai , Fransaer Jan , Luo Jiangshui , Wübbenhorst Michael
Published: September 2020

The ternary layered composites of birnessite-type MnO2 nanosheet functionalized reduced graphene oxide demonstrated great promise for practical application in high energy density Li–S batteries.
Mechanism of enhanced ionic conductivity by rotational nitrite group in antiperovskite Na3ONO2
Authors: Gao Lei , Zhang Hao , Wang Yuechao , Li Shuai , Zhao Ruo , Wang Yonggang , Gao Song , He Lunhua , Song Hai-Feng , Zou Ruqiang , Zhao Yusheng
Published: September 2020

Rietveld refinement based on the neutron powder diffraction and DFT calculations revealed the influence of NO2− group on the ionic conductivity of Na3ONO2.
Conjugation-extended viologens with thiophene derivative bridges: near-infrared electrochromism, electrofluorochromism, and smart window applications
Authors: Chang Meijuan , Chen Weinan , Xue Haodong , Liang Dingli , Lu Xuefeng , Zhou Gang
Published: September 2020

Conjugation-extended viologens with thiophene derivative bridges were prepared and their near-infrared electrochromism, electrofluorochromism, and smart window applications were investigated.
Indenofluorene- and carbazole-based copolymers for blue PLEDs with simultaneous high efficiency and good color purity
Authors: Mei Dengfeng , Yang Liuqing , Zhao Lei , Wang Shumeng , Tian Hongkun , Ding Junqiao , Wang Lixiang
Published: September 2020

Indenofluorene- and carbazole-based copolymers have been developed for use in high-performance blue PLEDs with a promising EQE of 4.12% and CIE coordinates of (0.150, 0.081).
Toward mixed-halide perovskites: insight into photo-induced anion phase segregation
Authors: Guo Yuxiao , Yin Xingtian , Que Wenxiu , Liu Weiguo , Liu Huan
Published: September 2020

A review of the photo-induced anion phase segregation in mixed-halide perovskites.
Discovery and characterization of ACE2 – a 20-year journey of surprises from vasopeptidase to COVID-19
Authors: Hooper Nigel M. , Lambert Daniel W. , Turner Anthony J.
Published: September 2020

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc membrane metallopeptidase that plays a key role in regulating vasoactive peptide levels and hence cardiovascular activity through its conversion of angiotensin I (Ang I) to Ang II and its metabolism of bradykinin. The discovery of its homologue, ACE2, 20 years ago has led to intensive comparisons of these two enzymes revealing surprising structural, catalytic and functional distinctions between them. ACE2 plays multiple roles not only as a vasopeptidase but also as a regulator of amino acid transport and serendipitously as a viral receptor, mediating the cellular entry of the coronaviruses causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and, very recently, COVID-19. Catalytically, ACE2 functions as a monocarboxypeptidase principally converting the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II to the vasodilatory peptide Ang-(1-7) thereby counterbalancing the action of ACE on the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and providing a cardioprotective role. Unlike ACE, ACE2 does not metabolise bradykinin nor is it inhibited by classical ACE inhibitors. However, it does convert a number of other regulatory peptides in vitro and in vivo. Interest in ACE2 biology and its potential as a possible therapeutic target has surged in recent months as the COVID-19 pandemic rages worldwide. This review highlights the surprising discoveries of ACE2 biology during the last 20 years, its distinctions from classical ACE and the therapeutic opportunities arising from its multiple biological roles.
Distributed consensus tracking control of second‐order non‐linear multi‐agent systems with unmodelled dynamics
Authors: Yu Yajing , Zou Wencheng , Guo Jian , Xiang Zhengrong
Published: September 2020

In this study, the consensus tracking control problem is considered for a class of second‐order non‐linear multi‐agent systems with unmodelled dynamics. Radial basis function neural networks are introduced to approximate the unknown non‐linearities and a dynamic signal is utilised to deal with the unmodelled dynamics. Meanwhile, appropriate Lyapunov functions are constructed and a new distributed adaptive control protocol is designed to guarantee that all the tracking error signals in the considered multi‐agent systems are ultimately bounded, under which the distributed tracking consensus is reached for all undirected connected communication graphs. Finally, two demonstrative examples are given to illustrate the validity of the designed protocols.
Numerical‐analytical method for determining the dielectric constant of 1D inhomogeneous plate in a waveguide
Authors: Melezhik Peter N. , Morozov Vladimir Y. , Poyedinchuk Anatoliy Y. , Mizrakhy Sergey V. , Nesterov Pavel K. , Vertiy Alexey A.
Published: September 2020

The inverse diffraction problem is considered for a layered dielectric plate in a metal waveguide of arbitrary cross‐section. The proposed solution is based on the Cauchy problem for the Riccati equation. Based on this solution, algorithm and code are developed for the dielectric permittivity profile reconstruction. The measured and mathematically simulated values of the complex reflection coefficient at finite number of frequencies are used as input data. Reconstructed dielectric permittivity profiles for layered plates are in good agreement with measured ones.
Increasing the transparency of compact flexible antennas using defected ground structure for unobtrusive wearable technologies
Authors: Sayem Abu Sadat Md. , Esselle Karu P. , Hashmi Raheel M.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, new designs of optically transparent wearable antennas have been presented. The explored antennas have the excellent features of high flexibility, small size, low specific absorption rate (SAR) and high optical transparency. The proposed antennas are realised by utilising highly flexible, optically transparent and low‐cost materials. For achieving compactness in antenna dimension and for improved transparency, square‐ring‐shaped radiator is used in the antenna design. To improve the efficiency and gain of the square‐ring patch antennas, a new technique is proposed in this paper. The proposed technique utilises a strip line that connects the middle of the two opposite sides of the ring. Full ground plane is used in antenna design to reduce the back radiation. However, full ground plane reduces optical transparency. To elevate optical transparency without affecting antenna's back radiation significantly, a new technique of defected ground structure is investigated in this study. With this defected ground structure, the optical transparency is improved by about 6% without significantly compromising the SAR. The compatibility of the proposed antennas for wearable applications are investigated by examining the performances on flat and bent phantoms. Moreover, the robustness of the antennas are studied by subjecting the prototypes to multiple bending operations.
Model predictive flexible power control for grid‐connected inverter under unbalanced network
Authors: Hu Bihua , Chen Zhiyong , Zhang Zhi , Liu Siyan , Deng Wenlang
Published: September 2020

Model predictive power control (MPPC) is considered as a promising algorithm utilised in grid‐connected inverter due to its fast dynamic response, simple control structure and multi‐objective optimisation. However, under unbalanced network, the grid current with excessive distortion troubles the application of MPPC. Based on the conventional MPPC, this study proposes a model predictive flexible power control (MPFPC) to reduce the current total harmonic distortion and achieve three flexible targets, including the cancellation of the active‐ and reactive‐power oscillation and the negative‐sequence grid current. In this algorithm, the power references are divided into two parts, which are used as reference values for the instantaneous active power control (IAPC) and the instantaneous reactive power control (IRPC), respectively. The three flexible targets are achieved by regulating the ratio of the two parts of power reference. Meanwhile, the grid current of MPFPC is the sum of IAPC and IRPC; therefore, the grid current distortion can be suppressed effectively. Simulation and experimental platform constructed by a three‐level inverter are established to validate the effectiveness of MPFPC, and the results exhibit that the MPFPC meets the above expectations.
Robust extended Kalman filtering for non‐linear systems with unknown input: a UBB model approach
Authors: Asgari Mersad , Khaloozadeh Hamid
Published: September 2020

This study presents an unknown‐but‐bounded (UBB) model approach to robust extended Kalman filtering (REKF) problem for the simultaneous input and state estimation of non‐linear systems with parametric uncertainties. An augmented non‐linear state‐space model is suggested to estimate the unknown input concurrently with the state variables without any delay. Due to more satisfactory physical assumptions and interpretations, the initial state vector and the disturbances are considered as UBB white processes, rather than the conventional stochastic white processes. Hence, they are modelled as ellipsoidal sets, and a recursive UBB‐REKF is developed. The suggested algorithm aims to guarantee an optimal upper bound for the estimation error covariance considering the parametric uncertainties and the linearisation errors. Finally, the effectiveness and remarkable estimation accuracy of the proposed UBB‐REKF is illustrated in a manoeuvring target tracking problem.
Analytical expression for estimation of the fault location in cable line
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Hui
Published: September 2020

A new method for the fault location in a short cable line is proposed in this study. Based on the transmission line theory and circuit theorems, an analytical expression for estimating the fault location in the cable line is derived. According to the problem of incorrect estimation in the high‐frequency band, the corresponding essential reason is comprehensively explained. By solving this problem, the fault location can be obtained accurately by the proposed method. To validate the proposed method, some experiments with a 50 Ω coaxial cable are implemented and the accuracy of the proposed method is tested. Meanwhile, it has been validated in these experiments that the proposed method is independent of the fault impedance and terminal impedances.
Multiple object tracking using feature fusion in hierarchical LSTMs
Authors: Hassan Ehtesham
Published: September 2020

Multiple object tracking sets the foundation for many intelligent video applications. The authors present a novel tracking solution using the ability of recurrent neural networks to effectively model complex temporal dynamics between objects irrespective of appearances, pose, occlusions, and illumination. For online tracking, a real‐time and accurate association of objects with active tracks poses the major algorithmic challenge. Additionally, re‐entry of objects should also be correctly resolved. They follow tracking‐by‐detection methodology using hierarchical long short term memory (LSTM) network structure for modelling the motion dynamics between objects by learning the fusion of appearance and motion cues. Existing works capture object's perspective for tracking within the detected bounding boxes. They also incorporate object instance segments for track modelling by applying the maskRCNN detector. They present a novel motion coding scheme that anchors the LSTM structure to effectively model the motion and relative position between objects in a single representation scheme. The proposed motion representation and deep features representing objects appearances are fused in an embedded space learned by the hierarchical LSTM structure for predicting the object to track association. The authors present experimental validation of the proposed approach on multiple object tracking challenge datasets and demonstrate that their solution naturally deals with major tracking challenges under all uncertainties.
Enhancing visible‐light photocatalytic activity by strongly binding flake BiFeO3 nanoparticles on graphene sheets
Authors: Huang Ying , Shen Yuanyuan , Qin Xiulan , Wang Ke
Published: September 2020

To investigate the influence of graphene on the photocatalytic activity of bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3), BiFeO3 and flaky BiFeO3@graphene were prepared through the hydrothermal‐synthesis process. The as‐prepared particles were characterised by XRD, TGA, SEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and PL measurements. The results show that the BiFeO3 nanoparticles have a microstructure and homogeneously attached to graphene sheets. Moreover, the flaky BiFeO3@graphene composites exhibited higher photocatalytic efficiency than pure BiFeO3, especially under visible light irradiation. The synergistic effects of graphene and BiFeO3 of composites were proposed to guide the further improvement of their photocatalytic activity.
Preparation of phosphotungstic acid/SiC and their photocatalytic activity for rhodamine B
Authors: Li Pengxi , Chen Qingcui , Chen Benshou , Liu Zhonghong
Published: September 2020

Four kinds of x wt.% phosphotungstic acid/silicon carbide (PTA/SiC) photocatalysts were prepared by impregnation method with SiC, 12‐phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as raw materials. The structure of samples was characterised by X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectra, scanning electron microscope. The photocatalytic activity of samples was evaluated by the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) under a xenon lamp (λ≥420 nm). The results indicate that the photocatalysts not only maintained the SiC structure but also kept the Keggin structure of PTA. The 20 wt.% PTA/SiC exhibited the best photocatalytic degradation efficiency reaching up to 77% for 180 min irradiation, and the photo‐degradation rate constant was determined to be 7.82 × 10−3 min−1. In the presence of H2O2, the photocatalytic degradation rate of 20 wt.% PTA/SiC composites was increased to 87%, and the photodegradation reaction rate constant was 7.77 × 10−3 min−1. According to free radical trapping experiments, it is proved that hydroxyl radical (·OH) plays an important role in photocatalysis.
Hybridisation of ZnO with Ti3C2 as a co‐catalyst for enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Luo Qiang , Yang Junsheng , Wu Yan , Cai Qizhou
Published: September 2020

In this study, a typical MXene material, Ti3C2, was selected as a co‐catalyst and then integrated with ZnO via a facile hydrothermal strategy. The phase composition, morphology, and photophysical properties of as‐prepared samples were investigated by XRD, field emission SEM, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer, and fluorescence spectrophotometer, respectively. In addition, the results of the photocatalysis experiment showed that the photocatalytic activity of ZnO can be improved significantly through the hybridisation with Ti3C2, which arises from the inhibition of the photogenerated carriers recombination. Furthermore, the theoretical analysis indicated that the high‐quantum efficiency arises from the appropriate Fermi level position of Ti3C2. This work demonstrated that Ti3C2 will show great potential for constructing novel and efficient photocatalysts.
Reversible microfluidic measurement with zinc tetraphenylporphyrin aiming at slipping NH3 detection
Authors: Zhou Hao , Yin Qi , Yang Zheng , Song Yilin
Published: September 2020

A microfluidic chip that can realise reversible and highly selective NH3 detection by separating NH3 from the complex environment is fabricated for slipping NH3 detection. The microfluidic chip consisting of the reaction unit, the gas‐diffusion unit and detection unit applied the immobilised zinc tetraphenylporphyrin as the indicating material. The continuous spectrum change showed the light intensity decreased in the green range (500–550 nm). Based on the analysis of the spectrum change at 528 nm, a one‐to‐one relationship between the spectrum change and concentration was revealed. The reversibility of the detection process makes the detection advantageous. Also, the rapidity of the proposed method is proved by the time responses of the indicating and recovering processes. According to the 40 tests conducted for various concentrations, it was concluded that the results are stable and the entire system is reliable.
Facile preparation of cancer cell membrane vehicle loaded with indocyanine green for effective photothermal therapy of cancer
Authors: Sun Ying , Ni Jiang , Zhao Yiqing , Gao Qiufang
Published: September 2020

In this study, using the lung cancer cells (A549) as the model cell line, the authors proposed a facile method to prepare uniform‐sized cancer cell membrane (Ccm) vehicle, which was then employed to load the photothermal agent indocyanine green (ICG) for effective cancer photothermal therapy (PTT). The as‐prepared Ccm/ICG was demonstrated to have a uniform particle size of around 100 nm, which was capable of targeting the A549 cells through Ccm‐mediated endocytosis. As a result, the Ccm/ICG increased the cellular uptake of Ce6 into A549 cells as compared to free ICG and potentiated the PTT efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, which might be a promising drug delivery system for advanced cancer therapy.
Sub-milliarcsecond imaging of a bright flare and ejection event in the extragalactic jet 3C 111
Authors: Schulz R. , Kadler M. , Ros E. , Perucho M. , Krichbaum T. P. , Agudo I. , Beuchert T. , Lindqvist M. , Mannheim K. , Wilms J. , Zensus J. A.
Published: September 2020

Context. Flares in radio-loud active galactic nuclei are thought to be associated with the injection of fresh plasma into the compact jet base. Such flares are usually strongest and appear earlier at shorter radio wavelengths. Hence, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at millimeter(mm)-wavelengths is the best-suited technique for studying the earliest structural changes of compact jets associated with emission flares.

Aims. We study the morphological changes of the parsec-scale jet in the nearby (z = 0.049) γ-ray bright radio galaxy 3C 111 following a flare that developed into a major radio outburst in 2007.

Methods. We analyse three successive observations of 3C 111 at 86 GHz with the Global mm-VLBI Array (GMVA) between 2007 and 2008 which yield a very high angular resolution of ∼45 μas. In addition, we make use of single-dish radio flux density measurements from the F-GAMMA and POLAMI programmes, archival single-dish and VLBI data.

Results. We resolve the flare into multiple plasma components with a distinct morphology resembling a bend in an otherwise remarkably straight jet. The flare-associated features move with apparent velocities of ∼4.0c to ∼4.5c and can be traced also at lower frequencies in later epochs. Near the base of the jet, we find two bright features with high brightness temperatures up to ∼1011 K, which we associate with the core and a stationary feature in the jet.

Conclusions. The flare led to multiple new jet components indicative of a dynamic modulation during the ejection. We interpret the bend-like feature as a direct result of the outburst which makes it possible to trace the transverse structure of the jet. In this scenario, the components follow different paths in the jet stream consistent with expectations for a spine-sheath structure, which is not seen during intermediate levels of activity. The possibility of coordinated multiwavelength observations during a future bright radio flare in 3C 111 makes this source an excellent target for probing the radio-γ-ray connection.
Organisation und Funktion eines neurophysiologischen Labors
Authors: Milnik Volker , Böhme Frank
Published: September 2020

Im neurophysiologischen Labor werden verschiedene Untersuchungsmethoden des zentralen
und peripheren Nervensystems durchgeführt. Die geschichtliche Entwicklung
dieser Untersuchungsmethoden EEG, evozierte Potenziale und EMG wird kurz
aufgeführt.
Development and Optimization of Methscopolamine Bromide Gastroretentive Floating Tablets Using 32 Factorial Design
Authors: Singh Maninder Pal , Kumar Manish , Shankar Ravi
Published: September 2020

Purpose The aim of this study was to formulate methscopolamine floating drug delivery system to increase its gastro retention for further enhancement of absorption and overall bioavailability.

Method Direct compression method was used to formulate floating drug delivery system of methscopolamine bromide. Different amount of HPMC, PVP K25, and MCC were used for preparation of tablets.

Result The prepared tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, floating lag time, swelling index and in-vitro drug release. All the formulations showed less than 10% of weight variation. The hardness and thickness of all the formulations were within the range of 3.7−4.2 kg/cm2 and 3.63−3.83 mm respectively. Floating lag time for all the formulations was reported in seconds. The degree of swelling was reported in range of 82.10−85.83%. In vitro release was carried out for 24 h. The maximum release was shown by F1 (93.947%) while the minimum release was observed for F4 (90.420%). The best formulation was optimized on the basis of percentage cumulative drug release, floating lag time and swelling index. F1 found to be the best formulation. Further on analyzing the drug release mechanism, F1 found to exhibit korsmeyer peppas model of drug release.

Conclusion Floating gastroretentive tablet of methscopolamine bromide was successfully developed using direct compression method with potential to enhance the drug absorption and effective treatment of peptic ulcer.
Epidemiology of scaphoid fractures and non-unions: A systematic review
Authors: Jørgsholm Peter , Ossowski Daniel , Thomsen Niels , Björkman Anders
Published: September 2020

Background The scaphoid is the most commonly fractured carpal bone in adults as well as in children. Previous studies have reported a wide range of fracture incidences. Scaphoid fractures and non-unions in children have been sparsely investigated.

Aim To perform a systematic review of the current literature on epidemiology of scaphoid fractures and non-unions in adults and children.

Methods An electronic literature search was conducted investigating all studies in the literature published between January 1989 and June 23 2020. The systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines and searching in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library databases was done in June 2020.

Results 42 studies met our inclusion criteria, 6 studies were prospective, 32 were retrospective and 4 were register studies. The majority of studies relied on conventional radiographs for diagnosis. Scaphoid fractures in adults are predominately found in males with a peak incidence in the age group from 20 to 29 years. Incidence rates in males are reported from 107 to 151/100 000. Females have an earlier peak, in the age group 10 to 19 years, with an incidence from 14 to 46/100 000. Most fractures occur in the middle third of the scaphoid representing 60–69 % of cases. Scaphoid fractures in children are predominately found in boys age 12 and above, while it seldomly occur for children younger than 9 years. In adults the risk for developing a scaphoid non-union is between 2 % and 5 %, the majority affecting males and predominately located at the middle third of the scaphoid. Non-unions among children are rare and mainly due to missed or delayed diagnosis of a fracture in the middle third of the scaphoid.

Conclusion This review revealed a substantial heterogeneity among studies concerning study population, diagnosis criterial and outcome measures. Currently, evidence on epidemiology for scaphoid fractures and non-unions are low.
Semi-automated Analysis of Ventilation-Perfusion Single-Photon Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism – Does it add extra value?
Authors: Kurth Jens , Uhländer Johannes , Aladwan Hamzeh , Göhrendt Anna , Baier Henriette , Heuschkel Martin , Schümichen Carl , Krause Bernd Joachim , Schwarzenböck Sarah Marie
Published: September 2020

Aim Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using V/P-SPECT may include the application of advanced image-processing techniques to identify V/P-mismatches. Aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit in clinical decision making in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.by whether adding to conventional reading a software that automatically calculates and visualizes the ventilation/perfusion-quotient pixel by pixel.

Methods 63 consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of PE who underwent V/P-SPECT were included in this retrospective study. Images were randomly ordered both for standard as well as for software-assisted reading using V/P-quotients. Studies were read independently by 2 experienced and 2 inexperienced raters. Diagnostic performance and observer agreement of all readers and both reading methods were determined.

Results Expert observers consistently achieved a high diagnostic accuracy both in conventional as well as in software-assisted reporting (sensitivity: 0.94 vs. 0.94, specificity: 0.96 vs. 0.97, LR+: 17.32 vs. 28.86, LR– stayed constant at 0.06). For inexperienced readers, diagnostic performance improved: sensitivity raised from 0.74 to 0.85 and specificity from 0.86 to 0.95, LR+ raised from 5.20 to 15.69, LR– decreased from 0.31 to 0.16. Inter-rater reliability (Fleiss’ κ) improved from 0.63 to 0.86 by using V/P quotient.

Conclusion Benefit from a software-tool that calculates V/P-ratio automatically is only small when used by experienced physicians If inexperienced readers use the software, the diagnostic accuracy increases. Images generated by automated calculation of V/P-mismatches are easy to read and their use might help to standardize and objectify interpretation of V/P-SPECT in the diagnosis of PE.
The Effect of Anesthesia Type During Delivery on Neonatal Otoacoustic Emission Hearing Test Results: A Tertiary Center Experience
Authors: Yakıştıran Betül , Karslı Mehmet , Canpolat Emre , Oğuz Yüksel , Altınboğa Orhan , Celen Sevki
Published: September 2020

Background Hearing is essential for the healthy development of an infant as language is one of the main stimulants of intellectual capacity. We investigate the effect of anesthesia type during delivery on neonatal otoacoustic emission (OAE) hearing test results.

Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study includes 1,493 healthy, full-term (39/0–40/6 gestational weeks) newborns of healthy women and who were delivered by cesarean section. Newborns were divided into 2 groups based on their anesthesia type during delivery: 1) general anesthesia group (n=160), and 2) spinal anesthesia group (n=1333). Maternal age, anesthesia type, birth weight, gestational age at birth, neonatal gender, 1st–5th minute APGAR scores, and OAE results were compared between the groups.

Results 1287 (86.2%) newborns were reported to have passed the first step of OAE; 206 (13.8%) newborns were reported to have failed the first step and passed the second test. In the general anesthesia group, 133 (83.1%) of the newborns passed the first OAE test and 27 (16.9%) newborns had false-positive results. In the spinal anesthesia group, 1,154 (86.6%) of the newborns passed the first OAE test and 179 (13.4%) newborns had false-positive results. The difference between the 2 groups by false-positive values was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001).

Conclusions Type of delivery anesthesia may have an effect on the false-positive rates of OAE test results.
Asymmetric Induction and Amplification in Stereodynamic Catalytic Systems by Noncovalent Interactions
Authors: Trapp Oliver , Scholtes Jan Felix
Published: September 2020

The local transmission of chiral information by noncovalent interactions is one of the most fundamental processes broadly found in nature, i.e. in complex biochemical systems. This review summarizes our accomplishments in investigating chiral induction in stereodynamic ligands and catalysts by weak intermolecular interactions. It includes our efforts to characterize numerous stereodynamic compounds in detail with respect to their thermodynamic and kinetic properties. Furthermore, many stereolabile ligands for enantioselective catalysis are described, where directed stereoinduction afforded highly enantio- or diastereoenriched catalysts for subsequent selective asymmetric transformations. Various approaches for the dynamic enrichment of one of the catalyst’s conformers are presented, such as noncovalent interaction of the ligand with a chiral environment or a chiral solute. Finally, successful chemical systems are presented in which a process of chiral induction can be coupled with an autoinductive mechanism triggered by the chirality of its own reaction product, realizing Nature-inspired feedback loops resulting in self-amplifying, enantioselective catalytic reactions.

1 Introduction

2 Mapping the Stereodynamic Landscape

3 Chiral Induction by Noncovalent Interactions

4 Autoinduction and Chiral Amplification

5 Self-Alignment and Emergence of Chirality

6 Conclusion
Quantitative Musculoskeletal Tumor Imaging
Authors: Howe B Matthew , Broski Stephen M. , Littrell Laurel A. , Pepin Kay M. , Wenger Doris E.
Published: September 2020

The role of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) techniques continues to grow and evolve in the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors. In this review we discuss the MRI quantitative techniques of volumetric measurement, chemical shift imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, elastography, spectroscopy, and dynamic contrast enhancement. We also review quantitative PET techniques in the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors, as well as virtual surgical planning and three-dimensional printing.
Improving Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deep Learning
Authors: Liu Fang
Published: September 2020

Deep learning methods have shown promising results for accelerating quantitative musculoskeletal (MSK) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for T2 and T1ρ relaxometry. These methods have been shown to improve musculoskeletal tissue segmentation on parametric maps, allowing efficient and accurate T2 and T1ρ relaxometry analysis for monitoring and predicting MSK diseases. Deep learning methods have shown promising results for disease detection on quantitative MRI with diagnostic performance superior to conventional machine-learning methods for identifying knee osteoarthritis.
Preoperative Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Non-epithelial Ovarian Tumors: Clinical Features and Tumor Markers
Authors: Gomes Tiago Augusto , Campos Elizabeth Aparecida , Yoshida Adriana , Sarian Luís Otavio , Andrade Liliana Aparecida Lucci de Angelo , Derchain Sophie Françoise
Published: September 2020

Objective To evaluate the role of clinical features and preoperative measurement of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), human epididymis protein (HE4), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) serum levels in women with benign and malignant non-epithelial ovarian tumors.

Methods One hundred and nineteen consecutive women with germ cell, sex cord-stromal, and ovarian leiomyomas were included in this study. The preoperative levels of biomarkers were measured, and then surgery and histopathological analysis were performed. Information about the treatment and disease recurrence were obtained from the medical files of patients.

Results Our sample included 71 women with germ cell tumors (64 benign and 7 malignant), 46 with sex cord-stromal tumors (32 benign and 14 malignant), and 2 with ovarian leiomyomas. Among benign germ cell tumors, 63 were mature teratomas, and, among malignant, four were immature teratomas. The most common tumors in the sex cord-stromal group were fibromas (benign) and granulosa cell tumor (malignant). The biomarker serum levels were not different among benign and malignant non-epithelial ovarian tumors. Fertility-sparing surgeries were performed in 5 (71.4%) women with malignant germ cell tumor. Eleven (78.6%) patients with malignant sex cord-stromal tumors were treated with fertility-sparing surgeries. Five women (71.4%) with germ cell tumors and only 1 (7.1%) with sex cord-stromal tumor were treated with chemotherapy. One woman with germ cell tumor recurred and died of the disease and one woman with sex cord-stromal tumor recurred.

Conclusion Non-epithelial ovarian tumors were benign in the majority of cases, and the malignant cases were diagnosed at initial stages with good prognosis. The measurements of CA125, HE4, and CEA serum levels were not useful in the preoperative diagnosis of these tumors.
Clinical and Radiographic Findings of Septic Physitis in Foals
Authors: Suarez-Fuentes David G. , Tatarniuk Dane M.
Published: September 2020

The objective of this review is to detail the clinical and radiographic features of septic physitis in foals. Medical records were evaluated from 2008 to 2018 of cases that had septic physitis based on a combination of clinical and radiographic findings. Ten foals were diagnosed with septic physitis. In 8 of 10 foals, presence of a discrete, focal, irregular radiolucency centred on the physis and extending into the epiphysis and metaphysis was present. In the remaining two foals, subtle irregularity and diffuse radiolucency along the length of the physis was present. Three foals were able to later perform athletic function and two were sound but not in training (mean follow-up = 12 months). Overall, a distinguishing radiographic feature of septic physitis in foals is the presence of a focal radiolucency centred on the physis which is associated with the epiphysis and metaphysis consistent with osteolysis.
Violence, communication, and satisfaction among middle-aged adults and older people from Romania
Authors: Rada Cornelia
Published: September 2020

Data on intimate partner violence (IPV) are necessary when planning public health policies aimed at prevention and support. Family communication and satisfaction are essential for health and well-being. Here, we report the findings of a quantitative cross-sectional study performed between 2016 and 2017 on 601 patients (55–93-years-old) who were treated at the Ana Aslan National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics. We explore the answers to one item on the omnibus questionnaire (man-on-women, woman-on-man) regarding: (1) insults, swearing, humiliation; (2) being forced to engage in unwanted sexual intercourse; (3) withholding sexual activity or affection; (4) slapping, kicking, pushing; (5) hitting with a stick or other objects; (6) threatening with a knife or firearm; and (7) financial control, neglect, or food deprivation. Also, the Family Communication Scale (FCS) and Family Satisfaction Scale (FSS) are used. IPV prevalence was generally high, especially for the categories of insults, swearing, humiliation, withholding sexual activity, and affection. More women than men reported IPV, especially insults, swearing, and humiliation. More than a quarter of respondents (men and women) suffered occasionally or often from a form of abuse and experienced emotional abuse. The potential of family communication and satisfaction is relatively good, and these are associated. In the case of low and very low family communication and satisfaction, IPV prevalence was higher for all categories. There is a vicious circle because, on the one hand, violence can provoke emotional distance, and, on the other hand, a lack of intimacy and communication can lead to violence. At the same time, low satisfaction in a relationship can be seen both as a cause and as an effect of violence. Programs and information materials addressing family violence are rarely aimed at people in middle adulthood or older people and are instead focused on young women and children. We believe that this imbalance should be redressed.
Science Citation Index (SCI) and scientific evaluation system in China
Authors: Qian Junxi , Yuan Zhenjie , Li Jie , Zhu Hong
Published: September 2020

In February 2020, China’s Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science and Technology issued an official Opinion discouraging the use of the Science Citation Index (SCI) as a framework for the assessment of research performance. There is a need to assess the origin of the new policy, and how it will reshape cultures and practices of scientific knowledge production in China. We suggest that while concerns over the quality of research and conduct of scientists are at play, a deeper reason underlying the government’s adoption of a more cautious stance towards SCI is wider social controversy around what system of research assessment is best suited to social development and wellbeing in China. However, failing to continue to engage in international publication and collaboration would be self-defeating for China. We propose three recommendations for reforming scientific evaluation in China: diversity of criteria, autonomy of scientific evaluation, and quality of peer-review.
Nonlinear pharmacodynamics of levodopa through Parkinson’s disease progression
Authors: Véronneau-Veilleux Florence , Ursino Mauro , Robaey Philippe , Lévesque Daniel , Nekka Fahima
Published: September 2020

The effect of levodopa in alleviating the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is altered in a highly nonlinear manner as the disease progresses. This can be attributed to different compensation mechanisms taking place in the basal ganglia where the dopaminergic neurons are progressively lost. This alteration in the effect of levodopa complicates the optimization of a drug regimen. The present work aims at investigating the nonlinear dynamics of Parkinson’s disease and its therapy through mechanistic mathematical modeling. Using a holistic approach, a pharmacokinetic model of levodopa was combined to a dopamine dynamics and a neurocomputational model of basal ganglia. The influence of neuronal death on these different mechanisms was also integrated. Using this model, we were able to investigate the nonlinear relationships between the levodopa plasma concentration, the dopamine brain concentration, and a response to a motor task. Variations in dopamine concentrations in the brain for different levodopa doses were also studied. Finally, we investigated the narrowing of a levodopa therapeutic index with the progression of the disease as a result of these nonlinearities. In conclusion, various consequences of nonlinear dynamics in Parkinson’s disease treatment were studied by developing an integrative model. This model paves the way toward individualization of a dosing regimen. Using sensor based information, the parameters of the model could be fitted to individual data to propose optimal individual regimens.