bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
পরিবেশ উন্নয়নে ইসলামের নির্দেশনা ও বাংলাদেশের প্রচলিত আইন: একটি পর্যালোচনা|Instructions of Islam for Environmental Development and the Existing Laws of Bangladesh : A Review
Authors:   Bangladesh Islami University, Noman Mohammad Abu
Published: January 2023

In the context of global climate change, there is no alternative to environmental development and its preservation for the protection of human lives and their interests. Islam put the highest importance on the environmental development, its conservation, and prevention of environmental disaster. In this article, two important issues have been presented: firstly, an analysis of the importance and relation of sustainable development with the environmental development and its conservation; secondly, a comparative investigation of ‘the dictations of Islam in developing and conserving the environment with ‘the existing laws of Bangladesh’. The primary objective of this article is to present before the readers the policies of Islam and the similarities of existing laws and Islamic laws with respect to the environmental development and its conservation, so that environment related policies of Islam become clear to all and an initiative can be adopted to enact an effective law by incorporating those policies into the existing laws. The article has been prepared in a descriptive and analytical manner. The article makes it clear that by realizing the limitations of our environmental development there are enough scopes to find a way out of the limitations. Thus, if the problems can be identified and be solved effectively, a worthy Bangladesh with the best and sustainable environment can be made possible.
যৌন হয়রানি ও ইসলামী আইনে-এর প্রতিকার : বাংলাদেশ পরিপ্রেক্ষিত |Sexual Harassment and Its Remedies in Islamic Law : Bangladesh Perspective
Authors:   Leading University, Sylhet, Bangladesh., Rahman Md. Ziaur
Published: January 2023

Islam, as an ideology, philosophy and complete code of life, ensures the freedom and security of mankind. It provides the well-defined guidelines to keep the humanity pure and protected from all kinds of moral degradation and sins and impurity. A person with good morals can never harm others. The main goal of Islam is to build an ideal society by improving the moral character of mankind. In Islam, all forms of unregulated sexual behavior including extramarital sex, homosexuality, sexual harassment, rape, have been declared completely prohibited. Adultery and rape are ugly vices in any social life. Islamic discipline is the best way to prevent uncontrolled sexual behavior. This article attempts to prove with the Qur’an and Sunnah based evidences and logical discussion that true peace lies in the proper maintenance of Islam. The article also proves that the safety of women folks is a highly important issue in the concerned Islamic law as a whole. Descriptive, analytical and comparative methods have been followed in preparing the article.
Strategi Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus di Sekolah Dasar Inklusi
Authors: Mega Mega , Arifianto Yonatan Alex
Published: January 2023

Anak berkebutuhan khusus adalah anak yang memiliki karakteristik yang unik dari anak-anak pada umumnya. Mereka harus ditangani secara khusus oleh orang-orang yang sudah berpengalaman di bidangnya agar pelayanan yang dilakukan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan mereka. Semua anak berhak untuk memperoleh pendidikan, terutama anak berkebutuhan khusus. Sebab itu pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk mengadakan pendidikan inklusi yang menggabungkan anak berkebutuhan khusus dan anak normal pada umumnya. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana strategi guru dalam mengajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus di sekolah inklusi. Menggunakan metode studi literatur, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa strategi seorang guru dalam mengajar memberikan pengaruh cukup besar bagi anak, terutama anak berkebutuhan khusus dalam menyerap pembelajaran yang disampaikan. Juga mengajar anak berkebutuhan khusus merupakan hal yang cukup sulit, oleh karena itu guru harus memiliki kreativitas dalam membuat strategi pembelajaran khususnya Pendidikan Agama Kristen pada anak berkebutuhan khusus. Bagi guru Pendidikan Agama Kristen strategi pembelajaran yang kreatif sangat penting agar tujuan pembelajaran dapat digapai dengan baik oleh siswa, terutama siswa berkebutuhan khusus. Tidak sekadar strategi saja yang dipersiapkan tetapi juga harus memiliki prinsip kasih sayang dan melayani.
Malaysian Halal Certification: A Study of Compliance Behavior of Muslim Entrepreneurs
Authors:   Faculty of Muamalat and Islamic Finance, Kolej Universiti Islam Perlis, Malaysia, Basarud-din Siti Khalilah , Saad Ram Al Jaffri ,   Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz School of Accountancy, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, Aminullah Abdulrasheed Abdullah ,   School of Business Management, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: January 2023

The halal industry in Malaysia plays a very significant role in its economic growth. It contributed about 8.1% to Malaysia’s GDP in 2020. Notwithstanding that, the applications of and compliance with halal certification among Muslim entrepreneurs remains significantly low. Ironically, Muslim entrepreneurs stand to suffer losses of up to 60% due to the absence of the halal logo on their products resulting from their low halal compliance behavior. This study proposes to identify factors affecting the compliance behavior among Muslim entrepreneurs in relation to the Malaysian halal certification. Data were collected through personally administered questionnaires that were distributed to 400 selected Muslim entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Research samples were chosen using random sampling techniques from the list provided by Small and Medium Enterprise Corporation Malaysia (SME Corp). This study used the structural equation model (PLS-SEM) analysis to process the effects of independent and mediator variables on the compliance behavior of the Muslim entrepreneurs. Result shows that there is a positive and significant effect of attitude, social influence, and awareness on the behavioral intention to comply with the Malaysian halal certification. Mediating factors of attitude and awareness show positive and significant relationships between social influences and the intention to comply with halal certification. Finally, intention also has a significant and positive effect on the compliance behavior of Malaysian Muslim entrepreneurs on halal certification. Research outcomes highlight the importance of local authorities and policymakers enhancing their strategies to ensure more Muslim entrepreneurs comply with the Malaysian halal certification. This study hopes to contribute to existing scholarship particularly on the compliance behavior of halal certification among Muslim entrepreneurs.
The Mapping of Semantic Domain of Aqidah: Solution to the Vagueness of Meaning
Authors:   Department of Language, Academy of Malay Studies  Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Zahid Indirawati , Abu Bakar Noorazlin ,   Department of Language, Academy of Malay Studies  Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Wan Ali Wan Zailan Kamaruddin ,   Department of Akidah & Islamic Thought, Academy of Islamic Studies  Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Jusoff Kamaruzaman ,   Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: January 2023

Semantic domain refers to words that share common semantic properties and are positioned in a specific area based on the semantic relations between them. This study aims to classify the semantic domain of Aqidah through the structure of semantic relations to overcome the vagueness that occurs in Kamus Dewan Perdana (KDP) and al-Muʿjam al-Wasit (MW). A qualitative method with Arabic loanwords (BA) and their definitions were collected from KDP while MW was used to cross-reference the etymology and definitions. BA in the semantic domain of Aqidah is classified based on the perspective of local Islamic Studies scholars, who divided Aqidah into three parts, namely Ilahiah, Nubuwah & Risalah, and Samʿiyat with the Pillars of Iman as Aqidah’s foundation. This mapping is structured by three semantic relations of hypernym, hyponym, and co-hyponym. The findings show intra-subdomain and intra-sub-subdomain relationships which explained the details of the meaning of a word through polysemous meanings and paraphrases such as baqa, kudrat, qarin, maksum, al-Quran and mukjizat. In conclusion, the mapping of the semantic domain of Aqidah shows that semantic relations happened in the three subdomains. As a result, the challenge in understanding the vague definition of Aqidah can be overcome with the role of lexical semantics through mapping the semantic domain. The vagueness solution of the Aqidah can contribute to a deeper understanding of its definition which is the core of various aspects in the lives of the Islam followers.
Differentiating State Administrative Thinking in the Book of Salatin
Authors:   Universiti Tun Husein Onn Malaysia, Nordin Shah Rul Anuar
Published: January 2023

Scholars have dealt a great deal with aspects of state administration from various perspectives and have published them in journals and books. In the context of the Old Malays, among the most prominent works that have discussed state administration from the Muslim perspective are Taj al-Salatin, Sulalah al-Salatin, and Bustan al-Salatin. This study intends to identify and compare the thoughts of the writers of these treatises within the context of the world of Malay-Muslim Archipelago. This research was done by way of thematic analysis. Research outcome shows that these works, by and large, demostrate significant similarities more than their differences. Their differences are however not substantial, mainly due to their 17th century background.
Figurative and Rhetorical Language Style of the Speech of His Royal Highness Sultan Nazrin Shah the Sultan of Perak
Authors:   Fakulti Bahasa dan Linguistik, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Hussin Mohamad , Yahaya Samsur Rijal ,   Fakulti Bahasa dan Linguistik, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: January 2023

This study is a textual analysis on the figurative and rhetorical language style used in the speeche of DYMM Sultan Nazrin Shah, the Sultan of Perak, in conjunction with the “Konvensyen Memperkukuh Pasak Negara” convention. The objective is to examine the direct and indirect language styles used by the King in his formal speech and ideas he intended to convey. Gorys Keraf and Enos & Brown’s Modern Rhetorical Theory provides the theoretical grounding for this study. Both the figurative and the rhetoric expressions were extracted and classified according to suitable types. Results of the study show that Sultan Nazrin Shah has used various figurative and rhetoric language styles in his speech. These included the use of metaphor, personification, simile, antithesis, allegory, synecdoche, alliteration, assonance, acetone, tautology, hyperbole and paronomasia. The dignity of the Sultan Nazrin Shah is very much in line with his intellectual powers. His form of articulation has thus become his trademark as a sultan and a ruler of the State of Perak, in line with his desire to uphold Malay as the national language. The study also shows the sovereignty of the Malay language that, when upheld, could be the language that bridges the royal and the people. Hence, a research on leadership discourse such as this ought to be sanctioned in order to further strengthen Malay as the national language of Malaysia.
Aproximación al mapa sobre la investigación en desinformación y verificación en España: estado de la cuestión
Authors: Paniagua Rojano Francisco Javier , Rúas Araujo José
Published: January 2023

Este artículo pretende elaborar una primera aproximación a un mapa de la investigación sobre desinformación en España. Para ello, después la revisión de la literatura sobre la materia en los últimos años se ha realizado una consulta en la base de datos de la Agencia Estatal de Investigación, en el apartado de ayudas concedidas, utilizando como palabras claves búsqueda “desinformación”, “verificación”, “fake news”, “factchecking”, “fact checking”. Se filtraron las repeticiones y aquellos proyectos que no eran pertinentes a las áreas de las Ciencias Sociales, Derecho y Tecnologías de la información y de las comunicaciones. Se analizar 18 proyectos de investigación concedidos entre 2018 y 2021, que recogen las keywords mencionadas, y como variables de estudio se utilizaron la universidad del proyecto, su presupuesto, el área y subárea, tipo de ayuda, que vienen en la consulta a la agenciaLa consulta se realizó durante la semana del 12 al 16 de diciembre de 2022. Entre los resultados destacan la suma de más de un millón de euros entre todos los proyectos, enmarcados en las áreas mencionadas, lo que supone un promedio de 106 mil euros por proyecto, siendo las Universidades de Vigo con tres proyectos y la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid las que lideran este ámbito de estudio; si bien por presupuestos, son la Universidad de Cádiz, con 139 mil euros y la Universidad de Vigo, con 138,6 mil euros las que más financiación consiguieron en las convocatorias de 2018 a 2021.
Las emociones percibidas por el profesorado en activo en el uso de metodologías activas en el aula
Authors: Martinez-Roig Rosabel , Iglesias-Martínez Marcos Jesús , Lozano Cabezas Inés
Published: January 2023

En los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje que se dan en el aula, como en cualquier actividad humana, los aspectos referidos a las emociones tienen una gran importancia. En este contexto, en general el foco de atención se ha dirigido hacia el alumnado, y no tanto hacia el profesorado. Este último desarrolla un rol determinado en base a la metodología utilizada, pero dicho rol queda establecido, no solo por cuestiones pedagógicas, sino también emocionales. En el caso de las metodologías activas, la transformación del rol tradicional del docente, de tipo instructivo a uno de tipo orientador, conlleva un determinado marco emocional que influye y es influenciado por todo ello. Conscientes de esta realidad, este estudio tiene como objetivo profundizar en la comprensión de las emociones percibidas por el profesorado al utilizar una metodología activa en el aula. Para ello, se ha seguido un enfoque cualitativo, que ha tenido, como herramienta principal para la recogida de datos, un cuestionario abierto elaborado ad hoc. Este cuestionario ha sido cumplimentado por los docentes participantes de forma virtual. Los resultados revelan que las emociones más significativas para el profesorado fueron las positivas, tales como entusiasmo, satisfacción y diversión. Como conclusión, se pone de relieve la importancia de potenciar la dimensión emocional de los docentes en su formación, especialmente en relación al desempeño de su rol como guía y orientador en el proceso de aprendizaje del alumnado.
New Aspects of Progress in the Modernization of the Maritime Radio Direction Finders (RDF)
Authors: Ilčev Dimov Stojče
Published: January 2023

This paper as an author contribution introduces the implementation of the new aspects in the modernization of the ships Radio Direction Finders (RDF) and their modern principles and applications for shipborne and coastal navigation surveillance systems. The origin RDF receivers with the antenna installed onboard ships or aircraft were designed to identify radio sources that provide bearing the Direction Finding (DF) signals. The radio DF system or sometimes simply known as the DF technique is de facto a basic principle of measuring the direction of signals for determination of the ship's position. The position of a particular ship in coastal navigation can be obtained by two or more measurements of certain radio sources received from different unspecified locations of transmitters on the coast. In the past, the RDF devices were widely used as a radio navigation system for aircraft, vehicles, and ships in particular. However, the newly developed RDF devices can be used today as an alternative to the Radio – Automatic Identification System (R-AIS), Satellite – Automatic Identification System (S-AIS), Long Range Identification and Tracking (LRIT), radars, GNSS receivers, and another current tracking and positioning systems of ships. The development of a modern shipborne RDF for new positioning and surveillance applications, such as Search and Rescue (SAR), Man over board (MOB), ships navigation and collision avoidance, offshore applications, detection of research buoys and for costal vessels traffic control and management is described in this paper.
Multicriteria Approach to Determining the Optimal Composition of Technical Means in the Design of Sea Grain Terminals
Authors: Rudenko Sergey , Shakhov Anatoliy , Lapkina Inna , Shumylo Oleksandr , Malaksiano Mykola , Horchynskyi Ihor
Published: January 2023

The main aim of the article is to develop technique for determining the optimal equipment of a sea grain terminal with technical means at the stage of its design. In many works, in order to study the performance of transport systems operating under conditions when the loading level is subject to random fluctuations, the queuing theory methods and random processes are used. However, in a number of cases this approach does not allow to take into account all specifics of the processes that significantly affect sea terminals performance. Also, most of the available studies aim at enhancing a certain single key performance indicator (it can be total costs, performance, income, etc.) to its maximum, provided that the other indicators are within the permissible range of values. However, in many cases, there are more than one key performance indicator which need to be improved. Since the queuing theory and single criterion optimization methods did not allow to achieve the desired results, to study the problem, a technique was introduced based on the combination of simulation modelling and multicriteria optimization methods, which allows us to take into account all the main features of operations at grain terminals. To assess the terminal economic efficiency, the Equivalent Annual Cost indicator was used. The relationship between the cargo unit transshipment cost and the average processing time of consignments is analyzed, provided that the cargo flow intensity is subject to random fluctuations. Using this relationship, a technique for determining the optimal composition of grain terminal equipment was introduced, based upon the multicriteria optimization and simulation modelling methods. The developed technique makes it possible to determine the qualitative and quantitative choice of equipment for a sea grain terminal, taking into account both the cargo transshipment cost and the processing time of consignments. The studies have shown that, with an appropriate choice of the terminal equipment, it is possible to significantly reduce the time of cargo handling due to only a slight increase in the cargo unit transshipment cost.
Probabilistic Analysis Approach of Uncertainties in Fatigue Life Simulations of an Oil Tanker Vessel
Authors: Ozguc Ozgur
Published: January 2023

Fatigue damage is known to occur more commonly in certain ship types and hull construction element categories. The significance of prospective fatigue damage is proportional to the number of potential damage points of the investigated type for the ship structure in question, as well as the consequences of such damage. The present study introduces an overview of different fatigue analysis methods and provides advice on the accuracy of different methods for different locations on a vessel and a ranking of the methods. A probabilistic analysis of hopper knuckle fatigue analysis is supported by example uncertainty calculations, using four different fatigue methods for the hopper knuckle of an oil tanker vessel. The calculation of bias and uncertainty is supported by creating input to PROBAN tool, where the uncertainty calculations are being performed. The calculations show that the resulting fatigue damage distributions vary significantly. The median (50%) varies between 0.7 and 1.1 for the four methods, where 1.0 is the assumed correct damage for the calculations. The most probable damage varies between 0.4 and 0.9 for the four methods.
Conflicts Encountered with Bridge Team from the Perspective of Vessel Traffic Service Operators: A Research Within E-Navigation Concept
Authors: Arslan Elif , Nas Selçuk
Published: January 2023

The hazards that threaten marine navigation safety in the intensive routes and critical straits need to be managed effectively. To manage these risks, the concept of e-navigation has been offered to all stakeholders of marine transportation. E-navigation basically aims to organize, serve, and exchange marine information systematically. It is considered that the relations between the stakeholders may constitute significant conflicts in exchanging marine information. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the sources of conflicts and risk scores on navigation operations encountered with the bridge team from the perspective of vessel traffic services operators (VTSOs). In order to determine the sources of the conflicts, the conflict-related literature has been thoroughly reviewed, a semi-structured interview form was developed, and the VTS supervisors have been interviewed. In discovering the sources of conflicts, content analysis has been carried out from the interviews. The findings have been discussed with the relevant experts, and risk scales have been developed to evaluate the risks of conflicts. The frequency of conflicts and the results have been evaluated by the VTSOs employed at the Center of VTS in İstanbul, and risk scores have been defined. The risk scores related to the conflicts indicated on the risk matrix and e-navigation designed solutions have been compared and discussed. The findings reveal that there are certain similarities between the high-scored risks regarding communication quality and reporting systems. Although e-navigation solutions focus on improving technical issues. Conflicts caused by interpersonal, cognitive, and personal features that are not covered by e-navigation solutions have an important place among the conflict sources.
Seafarer Abandonment and Vessel’s Flag State Role Analysis
Authors: Gupta Mohit , Shanthakumar S
Published: January 2023

Seafarers work in an environment of hardship and isolation. Abandonment is one of the major challenges faced by seafarers onboard vessels. Abandonment of seafarers broadly refers to the act of unilateral severance of ties by the shipowner with the seafarers’ onboard ship, whereby the shipowner causes a breach of fundamental obligations owed towards seafarers. Abandonment is one of the shady practices of the shipping industry, where seafarers are subjected to cruel, inhuman, and life-threatening conditions. For the last two decades, ILO and IMO have been working together to develop a legal framework to protect abandoned seafarers.
As per the data on abandonment available on ILO Database, in the year 2020, more than 1200 seafarers were abandoned.These figures raise serious questions regarding the effectiveness of the present legal regime in resolving the abandonment situations. Legally speaking abandoned seafarer has plenty of avenues to seek assistance. They can approach flag state, port state, state of nationality, or seek relief through admiralty courts. In addition to these, the abandoned seafarer can also approach financial security provider for abandonment, the provisions related to which were added in MLC, 2006 by 2014 amendments.
As the problem of abandonment constantly persists in the shipping sector, and the time taken to resolve the situation is often very long, the present paper will assess the flag state's role in protecting abandoned seafarers. The challenges that the flag state has to face in discharge its responsibilities towards abandoned seafarers have also been discussed in the Paper.
Legal Analysis of Impact of Revised BIMCO Clauses on Crew Health and Safety During COVID-19 Era
Authors: Boviatsis Michail , Daniil Georgios
Published: January 2023

This paper evaluates how the revised BIMCO Crew Change Clause 2020 affected crew health during this period. To satisfy the need for specific clauses, regulating the contractual relationships during the COVID-19 period, BIMCO created sets of clauses, such as the BIMCO Crew Change Clauses for Time Charter Parties (2020). The rationale of those clauses was based upon the pre-existing BIMCO Infectious or Contagious Diseases Clause for Voyage and Time Charter Parties 2015, but it was evidenced that the COVID-19 virus had many intricacies. Thus, new sets of rules are presently emerging to eliminate the gaps created. The basic downside of this legislation and the focus of this paper is to prove that these clauses are focused only on regulating the contractual relationship, without actually taking into consideration the crews’ health and safety.The analysis is focused on the impact of a COVID-19 incident on four specific legal aspects, i.e. i) vessels’ seaworthiness, ii) charter parties, iii) port safety, and iv) refusal of orders. There is also an analysis of the imminent Decease Clause 2021 and its actual impact upon the shipping industry. The analysis of the relevant legislation is based on legal doctrine, dominant form in legal research, aiming to provide a systematic exposition of the legal and regulatory principles. It analyzes the relationship between those principles to provide clarifications, utilizing legislation and relevant case law as the primary source of data. This research method is qualitative and is very similar to critical analysis, whose application is performed through (a) research and description of the existing legislation, (b) prescription, whose essence is to explore the statutory framework, locate the critical points, and assess the effectiveness of legislation on protecting the crew health and safety, and (c) evaluation of possible amendments or additions.The majority of studies conclude that shipping companies will be able to protect crew health and safety only through proactive measures and due diligence. The revised BIMCO terms on crew changes during Covid-19 and the new Disease Clause 2021 sadly did not have crew protection as their top priority. In most parts they tried to allocate and even mitigate the risk of the contracting parties, providing “windows” of opportunity for both sides to be excepted from any liability. Based on the analysis of resources, the new clause is not engaging the concept of proactive measures, unquestionably the most important method for the preservation of crew health usually referred to as “exercising due diligence”. It is a fact that BIMCO protects the clients’ interests, with the clients being the charter parties. It is also valid that the shipping industry supported the nations during the COVID-19 outbreak, but the BIMCO clauses were concentrated on the preservation of contractual relationships, leaving the concept of crew health and safety uncharted.
Territorial Claims in North Polar Maritime Zone in View of International Security
Authors: Xhelilaj Ermal , Lapa Kristofor
Published: January 2023

The main feature of the political relations, developed among the coastal states with strong interests over the North Pole region and the Arctic Ocean, have been the frequent interstate disputes over the last fifty years, as well as the efforts of these Arctic states during this period to cooperate in so that the sovereignty and sovereign rights of each coastal state over this region turn into a common benefit for the entire international community. Consequently, sovereignty and sovereign rights are considered fundamental factors for interstate relations in the Arctic Ocean region, for which coastal states have historically been willing to engage in political or military conflicts. The Arctic Ocean, including North Pole maritime region, is governed by customary international law and the law of the sea, which are largely represented by UNCLOS (1982) and the Geneva Conventions on the Law of the Sea (1958). Four Arctic coastal states, Canada, Norway, Denmark, and Russia have ratified these international conventions, while the US accepts its main provisions as norms of customary international law, but is also in the process of ratifying UNCLOS. The purpose of this article is to analyze and discuss the legal, practical, and political situation regarding the delimitation of maritime zones in the North Pole region and the Arctic Ocean, addressing interstate disputes over the major economic, strategic and geopolitical interests of this maritime area in the context of international security.
Method of Prompt Evasive Manuever Selection to Alter Ship's Course or Speed
Authors: Burmaka Igor , Vorokhobin Igor , Melnyk Oleksiy , Burmaka Oleksii , Sagin Sergii
Published: January 2023

One of the most important challenges of modern shipping is the problem of improving the level of safety at sea and enhancing accident-free ship operation. World fleet accident rates have a direct impact on both the safety of human life at sea and on the environment. Ship collisions have a particular place in accident statistics. They are caused by increasing ship deadweight, growing speeds, dense traffic and the presence of navigational hazards, which, combined, considerably increase navigation complexity, especially in coastal and restricted waters. These factors contribute to emergencies, incidents and situations, which, in turn, are characterized by rapidly changing circumstances. The aforementioned features of the navigation process call for the development and application of modern methods of operation and flexible evaluation of the situation at hand, as well as for the development of new approaches to evasive maneuver selection, including computer and information technologies, to ensure the safety of navigation. Thus, the development of modern methods and ways of prompt selection of an appropriate evasive maneuver to alter a ship's course or speed, which is the subject of this paper, is an important research trend. The paper also proposes a method of prompt evasive maneuver selection to prevent collisions by altering the ship's course or reducing its speed by active and passive braking. Analytical expressions used to calculate the limits of unacceptable ship course and ship speed values, taking into account the braking mode, are presented. The author's recommended optimum evasive maneuver is presented, and a technique of prompt evasive maneuver selection aimed at altering a ship’s course or speed by active and passive braking is developed.
Multi-Criteria Decision Making using TOPSIS Method for Battery Type Selection in Hybrid Propulsion System
Authors: Bayraktar Murat , Nuran Mustafa
Published: January 2023

In the maritime sector, many improvements are performed on ship propulsion system. The hybrid propulsion system (HPS) is one of the innovations in the marine sector, considering International Maritime Organization (IMO) energy efficiency measures. The main objectives of the HPS are reduction in fuel consumption, maintenance costs, and minimization of the emissions of gases that harm the environment. The IMO International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex VI “Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships” determines nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide, and particulate matter limits emitted from marine vessels. These limitations will be met with the HPS to be established on marine vessels. Batteries, an Energy Storage System (ESS), are used to drive electric motors, part of the HPS equipment. In this study, battery types are evaluated in terms of their chemical properties, capacities, volumes, weights, energies, specific energies, costs, and life cycle by TOPSIS method and the most suitable battery for the HPS is selected. According to the results, the highest rank (0.643127638) for the HPS is obtained from lithium iron phosphate (LFB) battery that has 200 Ah capacity, 30.55-liter volume, 27.7 kg weight, 92.42 Wh/kg energy density, 987 $/kWh cost, and 400~13,000 life cycle. This study will be a good source for researchers and maritime sector stakeholders, whose studies regard Energy Storage Systems, especially batteries on the HPS in marine vessels.
Evaluating Capsize Boundary of Damaged Ro-Ro Ship Using Chaos Theory and Probabilistic Analysis
Authors: Mohan Poonam , Shashikala AP
Published: January 2023

Instability in intact condition occurs when a ship’s motion changes periodically with time i.e. frequency of motion will match with free- roll frequency or multiples. In case of damage stability, the instability occurs due to flood water sloshing, a series of vibration occur along with free surface effect, which changes the metacentric height of ship. Mathieu's effect is the linear theory behind instability. Probabilistic damage stability analysis is performed in damage cases for the Ro-Ro vessel to understand the most critical loading condition. Phase plots and radial plots are used to find critical stability parameters for ship at intact condition. A new method for modeling the nonlinear dynamic behavior of ship in the chaotic flooded condition is developed and the results indicate that the vessel behaviour of flooded ship is similar to the Duffings oscillation equation and the stability conditions can be captured by this model.
Infectious Risks on Different Types of Ships with Reference to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mulić Rosanda , Radošević Joško , Vidan Pero , Poljak Nikola Kolja
Published: January 2023

Due to nature of their profession, seafarers visit many ports in different parts of the world and are thus exposed to various infectious diseases. And yet, chronic non-communicable diseases, malignant illnesses and accidents have lately become an important cause of death among the seafarers. Although before the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak the communicable disease outbreaks were becoming less common, their share in seafarer morbidity remains significant. The aim of this research is to determine the most common infectious risks/contagious diseases on ships.
The Medline and Scopus databases have been searched using the following key words: seafarers, infectious diseases, morbidity, mortality. The information sources include relevant literature, as well as national and international regulations on preventive measures against infectious diseases.
At the global level no national or international surveillance systems exist on infectious disease occurrences on ships. There are only a few exceptions. However, based on some available individual and group research, conclusions may be drawn concerning the most important diseases in seafarer pathology. Of communicable/infectious diseases on ships, the most important ones are the acute respiratory illnesses, including the COVID-19 disease, followed by food poisoning/acute gastroenteritis, vector-borne diseases and HIV as the most common sexually transmitted disease in the past 20 years.
Estimating the threat from infectious diseases in seafarers depends on the type and trade of vessels. For COVID 19 and other respiratory infections, as well as food poisoning, risks are higher on cruise ships and passenger ships than on cargo ships. For better understanding of the issue, we need internationally co-ordinated studies and well organised surveillance systems.
Dry Port Location Factor Determination using Delphi in Peninsular Region
Authors: G Mohan Vidya , Nasser MA
Published: January 2023

Locating a dry port depends on various criteria such as distance, modes of transport, cost associated, environmental, geographical, and social concerns. The paper's primary purpose is to identify the location-specific attributes impacting dry port locations, particularly in peninsular India, where seaports are very close to each other. The paper's objective has been achieved through a four-cycle Delphi survey and criticality through linear ranking and consistency through Kendall’s ‘W’. Initially, the criteria are identified through a systematic literature survey. They are then sieved within a focus group consisting of five experts with experience of more than twenty years in port operations. Final vetting of the criterion is done through a Delphi survey; the experts with a mutual interest in the subject but from different backgrounds are included. The final vetted list is determined. In the last two rounds of the survey, the rankings were determined, a consensus was reached, and the final rank was obtained. The results indicate that proximity and economic criteria are the most crucial in the chosen geography, which contradicts the developed regions, where the environmental criterion dominates. However, the environmental criteria have been ranked third. Even though the Delphi method is an age-old method used in many literatures in different contexts, it is not used in a dry port problem in the peninsular region. Consensus building is significant in strategic decisions, like dry port location selection. Since this study involves multiple stakeholders from diverse backgrounds and a subjective opinion was required, the Delphi method and linear ranking have been adopted.
Fuzzy DEMATEL Approach to Assess Factors Leading to Navigational Equipment Defect
Authors: Tac Umut
Published: January 2023

The increasing attention to the improvement and continuous enhancement of navigational safety has led to a high standard of navigation systems and the introduction of new technologies. Although several conventions, recommendations, guidelines, and performance standards for navigational equipment are set out by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), unexpected defects on this equipment may still occur on board. Any defect on this equipment may cause both accidents and commercial loss. This paper presented A fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique to assess factors that may cause navigational equipment defects, considering the academic and industrial gaps. Five homogeneous experts were asked to evaluate the relationship among the factors with respect to the linguistic scale. After the factors were ascertained and evaluated, preventive measures for most important factors were recommended in the view of experts’ opinions in order to minimize and avoid their effect. The findings of the study will contribute to understanding the causes of navigational equipment defects and provide a basis for the continuous safety process of the ship’s bridge operations in a comprehensive aspect.
Seabed Surveillance and Underwater Structures Inspection with Remotely Operated Vehicle − Power Ray
Authors: Lorenčič Vivien
Published: January 2023

The marine ecosystem is necessary to be monitored as it is exposed to externalities and pollutants that affect biodiversity and the state of the underwater structures. There is a demand for a better, more dynamic, and safe monitoring approach to underwater research and inspection. The unmanned underwater vehicles are becoming a reachable and intuitive tool for underwater inspection, such as for the inspection of the marine hull of vessels, bridges, foundations, piers, pylons, and other support structures in ports. The main advantage of the use of the remotely operated underwater drone is cost and time-efficiency, as they allow to obtain information in a fast and safe way in real-time. In this paper we investigate the possibility of the use of a remotely operated underwater drone Power Ray for seabed observation and underwater structures inspection. It describes the re-sults of the field research collected from the use of low-cost underwater drone Power Ray. The data collected with an underwater drone presents footages of different underwater structures and areas in order to document the seabed state and underwater structures. Additionally, this article provides an overview of the problems in underwater inspection and monitoring, and possibilities offered by remotely operated vehicle Power Ray in solv-ing them. The results of the paper are not unique to working with a low-cost drone, but are illustrative of the challenges and problems that new users are likely to encounter when using this technology.
Effect of Propeller Pitch on Ship Propulsion
Authors: Ozturk Deniz , Delen Cihad , Belhenniche Samir E. , Kinaci Omer Kemal
Published: January 2023

The appropriate choice of a marine engine identified by using self-propulsion model tests is compulsory, in particular with respect to the improvement of vessel performances. Numerical simulations or experimental methods provide insight into the problem of flow, where fixed pitch propellers or controllable pitch propellers are preferred. While calculation methods are time consuming and computationally demanding for both propeller types, hydrodynamic performance assessment has more workload in controllable pitch propellers. This paper aims to describe and demonstrate the practicability and effectiveness of the self-propulsion estimation (SPE) method in understanding the effect of propeller pitch on ship propulsion. Technically, the hydrostatic and geometric characteristics of the vessel and open-water propeller performances are the focal aspects that affect the self-propulsion parameters estimated by the SPE method. The input coefficients for SPE have been identified using a code that generates propeller open-water performance curves. The propellers utilized to study pitch variations have been based on the Wageningen B-series propeller database. The method was first validated on the full size Seiun Maru ship whose sea trial tests are available in literature. After extensive calculations for full size KCS and DTC at service speeds, the study focused on the effect of the Froude number on propulsion parameters. These calculations have demonstrated that greater propeller pitch does not improve propulsion efficiency, and that maximum propeller efficiency changes with a ship's forward speed.
Revelatory Case Study for the Emergence of Powerships: The Floating Power Plant Innovation for Rural Electrification
Authors: Pamik Murat , Bayraktar Murat , Konur Olgun , Nuran Mustafa
Published: January 2023

The existence of energy is essential to countries striving to survive, both  socially and economically. In this context, countries establish different types of power plants and use alternative energy resource,s such as solar and wind power, to meet their energy needs. Establishing power plants and using alternative energy resources are tough for some regions, such as Middle Eastern, African, and Asian countries. Thereby Powerships have been developed due to the consideration that these countries suffer from energy deficiency and encounter difficulties in building land power plants. In this study, the emergence of Powerships, providing electricity to energy-deficient countries and the successful launch strategies, are investigated. A single revelatory case study concept is used to understand what exactly the Powerships are, where they operate, positive and negative situations encountered during operation, as well as economic benefits compared to other systems. In this context, together with the intensive literature review, semi-structured interview questions are prepared for several company officials and former employees and detailed evaluations are described in the Powerships operation process. Semi-structured interview questions results are evaluated and discussed with a view to understanding how the company has successfully launched its innovative product to the energy market.  This article will, we hope, represent a significant resource for experts, academics, and companies working on floating energy power plants in the future.
Use of DELPHI-AHP Method to Identify annd Analyze Risks in Seaport Dry Port System
Authors: Lamii Nabil , Bentaleb Fatimazahra , Fri Mouhsene , Mabrouki Charif , Semma El Alami
Published: January 2023

The dry port concept has recently gained rising consideration in the multimodal transport context from the point of view both of researchers and stakeholders related to the benefits of the seaport dry port system. Given the relevance of the topic, the present paper aims to identify the potential risk factors of the three major parts that constitute the seaport dry port system and present a conceptual framework to facilitate risk factors analysis. Based on a three-step approach, starting with a systematic literature review, which resulted in 204 collected and examined papers, which allowed identifying 181 potential risk factors with an average of 60 risk factors in each major part of the studied system. In addition, we used a survey based on the Delphi technique to ensure a good extraction of data from 12 selected experts related to the seaport dry port system; then, we used the MCDM (Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making) method AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) in order to: 1) present a hierarchy that simplifies the complexity of the studied system in an organized structure; 2) analyze and assess risk factors based on the identified criteria. A case study involving the Moroccan seaport dry port system of Casablanca illustrates that the seaport part is critical and any major risk factor in this part can even paralyze the operations of the whole system, especially if that risk factor belongs to the human factors category or economic risk category, which is also considered in the study as a critical category.
To Pollute or Not To Pollute? Exploring MARPOL Efficiency in the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Grdović Gnip Ana , Velkavrh Žiga
Published: January 2023

This study explores the efficiency level of the current international regulatory framework (MARPOL) in preventing sea pollution during maritime transportation. We employ a game-theoretic approach that models the decisions of shipowners and countries, with respect to the treatment and disposal of waste, where shipowners' decisions are based on comprehensive estimations of all waste management costs for all categories of waste (i.e. all MARPOL Annexes) differentiated across six types of standard risk vessels, while countries' decisions are based on estimates of all societal costs of (im)proper ship waste management. We focus on the Adriatic Sea case study and evaluate the game separately for members and non-members of the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU). Our main results seem to indicate that shipowners are generally motivated to be environmentally friendly if sailing Paris MoU waters. Otherwise, shipowners are merely motivated to pollute, due to low inspection rates and expected fines.This study explores the efficiency level of the current international regulatory framework (MARPOL) in preventing sea pollution during maritime transportation. We employ a game-theoretic approach that models the decisions of shipowners and countries, with respect to the treatment and disposal of waste, where shipowners' decisions are based on comprehensive estimations of all waste management costs for all categories of waste (i.e. all MARPOL Annexes) differentiated across six types of standard risk vessels, while countries' decisions are based on estimates of all societal costs of (im)proper ship waste management. We focus on the Adriatic Sea case study and evaluate the game separately for members and non-members of the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (Paris MoU). Our main results seem to indicate that shipowners are generally motivated to be environmentally friendly if sailing Paris MoU waters. Otherwise, shipowners are merely motivated to pollute, due to low inspection rates and expected fines.