bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Giant cell tumor of distal radius: En bloc resection with allograft reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Ahangar Parviz , Rahimnia Alireza , Akbaribazm Mohsen , Khalilpour Abbas , Rahimi Mohsen , Pirmohamadi Hosein
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a rare neoplasm which often presents as a lytic lesion in the epiphyseal region of long bones and which are usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and restricted movement.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a rare neoplasm that affects individuals in their third and fourth decades of life. Clinically, it often presents as a lytic lesion in the epiphyseal region of bones, notably the distal femur and proximal tibia. Radiologically, GCT appears as a distinct lytic lesion in the epiphyseal region. Histopathologically, GCTs are composed of mononuclear cells, macrophages, and multinuclear giant cells, indicative of osteoclastogenic stromal tumors. A 37‐year‐old man presented with left wrist pain, swelling, and restricted movement persisting for a year, worsening over the last 7 months. Radiographic assessments revealed a distal radius bone mass involving the radiocarpal joint. Biopsy confirmed a GCT with extension into peripheral muscle. PET/CT scan showed localized pathology without metastasis. Histopathologically, GCT exhibited multinucleated giant cells, spindle cells, and aneurysmal bone cyst‐like regions with coagulation necrosis. Surgical resection involved en‐bloc removal and reconstruction with a non‐vascularized radius bone graft. Postoperatively, the patient showed no complications at the one‐year follow‐up, suggesting successful intervention.
Familial cryptogenic stroke
Authors: Takafuji Hiroya , Kobayashi Tetsuya , Kato Nahoko , Obunai Kotaro
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical Message

Familial cryptogenic stroke associated with atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale is rare. The presence of a family history of cryptogenic stroke may lead to the requirement for careful follow‐up for younger family members.
Proton Domino Reactions at an Imidazole Relay Control the Oxidation of a TyrZ‐His190 Artificial Mimic of Photosystem II
Authors: Sheth Sujitraj , Gotico Philipp , Herrero Christian , Quaranta Annamaria , Aukauloo Ally , Leibl Winfried
Published: April 2024

A close mimic of P680 and the TyrosineZ‐Histidine190 pair in photosystem II (PS II) has been synthesized using a ruthenium chromophore and imidazole‐phenol ligands. The intramolecular oxidation of the ligands by the photoproduced Ru(III) species is characterized by a small driving force, very similar to PS II where the complexity of kinetics was attributed to the reversibility of electron transfer steps. Laser flash photolysis revealed biphasic kinetics for ligand oxidation. The fast phase (τ<50 ns) corresponds to partial oxidation of the imidazole‐phenol ligand, proton transfer within the hydrogen bond, and formation of a neutral phenoxyl radical. The slow phase (5–9 μs) corresponds to full oxidation of the ligand which is kinetically controlled by deprotonation of the distant 1‐nitrogen of the imidazolium. These results show that imidazole with its two protonatable sites plays a special role as a proton relay in a ‘proton domino’ reaction.
Proof‐of‐concept study of anti‐Fel d 1 IgY antibodies in cat food using the MASK‐air® app
Authors: Bousquet Jean , Gherasim Alina , de Blay Frédéric , Mathieu‐Dupas Eve , Batot Géraldine , Laune Daniel , Sousa‐Pinto Bernardo , Zuberbier Torsten , Pham‐Thi Nhân ,   MASK‐cat study group
Published: April 2024

Background

An innovation to better manage cat‐allergic patients utilises anti‐Fel d 1 IgY antibodies to neutralise Fel d 1 after its production by the cat. However, there is no published study showing its clinical efficacy in humans in a home setting. A longitudinal, open‐label, proof‐of‐concept study was carried out to approach clinical efficacy of the cat food in cat‐allergic patients.

Methods

After a baseline evaluation, the cats ate only the cat food for the following 4 months. Daily evaluation of efficacy was performed for 2 weeks at baseline and after 1, 2 and 3 months of intervention for periods of 2 weeks. The MASK‐air app was used daily to assess symptoms, work productivity and medications.

Results

Of the 49 patients screened, 42 were followed up and 33 (78.5%) reported MASK‐air data at all 3 evaluation periods. The primary end point (visual analogue scale [VAS] for global allergy symptoms) was significantly improved (p < 0.0001). All symptoms (VAS nose, eye, and asthma), VAS work and the combined symptom‐medication score significantly improved after 1 month. The percentage of uncontrolled days (VAS>20/100) decreased from 64% at baseline to 35% at 1 month (p < 0.0001) and 14% at 3 months. A sensitivity analysis in patients with uncontrolled disease at baseline found similar results.

Discussion

A cat diet containing anti‐Fel d 1 antibodies was able to (i) show decreased allergic symptoms and related outcomes, (ii) inform the design and feasibility of future studies with a control arm and (iii) estimate the sample size of the study.

Study registration number: clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05656482.
Psychological distress and mental health care utilization among Black survivors of adolescent and young adult cancer
Authors: Choi Eunju , Berkman Amy M. , Battle Aryce , Betts Andrea C. , Salsman John M. , Milam Joel , Andersen Clark R. , Miller Kimberly A. , Peterson Susan K. , Lu Qian , Cheung Christabel K. , Livingston J. A. , Hildebrandt Michelle A. T. , Parsons Susan K. , Freyer David R. , Roth Michael E.
Published: April 2024

Background

Survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer experience significant psychological distress and encounter barriers to accessing mental health care. Few studies have investigated racial/ethnic disparities in psychological health outcomes among AYA survivors, and none have compared outcomes within a racially minoritized population.

Methods

National Health Interview Survey data (2010–2018) were analyzed that identified non‐Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) survivors of AYA cancer and age‐ and sex‐matched Black noncancer controls. Sociodemographic factors, chronic health conditions, modifiable behaviors (smoking and alcohol use), and psychological outcomes were assessed with χ2 tests. Logistic regression models, adjusted for survey weights, were used to evaluate the odds of psychological distress by cancer status after adjusting for covariates. Interactions between variables and cancer status were investigated.

Results

The study included 334 Black survivors of AYA cancer and 3340 Black controls. Compared to controls, survivors were more likely to report moderate/severe distress (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; p < .001), use mental health care (OR, 1.53; p = .027), report an inability to afford mental health care (OR, 3.82; p < .001), and use medication for anxiety and/or depression (OR, 2.16; p = .001). Forty‐one percent of survivors reported moderate/severe distress, and only 15% used mental health care. Among survivors, ages 18–39 years (vs. 40–64 years) and current smoking (vs. never smoking) were associated with the presence of moderate/severe distress. Among survivors with distress, high poverty status was associated with reduced utilization of mental health care.

Conclusions

A cancer diagnosis for a Black AYA is associated with greater psychological distress within an already vulnerable population.
Designing Bi‐In2O3 Nanoflower Catalysts for Enhanced Performance of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Wang Ruichen , Deng Siting , Pang Yongyu , Chai Guoliang
Published: April 2024

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECO2RR) is capable of converting CO2 into a wide range of value‐added products under relatively mild conditions. Electrocatalyst with high selectivity and activity is crucial for high efficient ECO2RR. Herein, Bi‐In2O3 nanoflower catalysts with different metal ratios synthesized by wet chemical method are used for ECO2RR to produce formate. The results indicate that the hydrogen evolution activity of the Bi‐In2O3 catalysts during ECO2RR is suppressed at a low level and the activity and selectivity of formate production is related to the ratio of Bi to In content in the catalysts. The optimized Bi‐In2O3 catalyst with the ratio of Bi6In94 can achieve a high formate Faradaic efficiency (FEformate) over 80 % under a wide potential range from −0.7 V to −1.2 V vs. RHE, with the maximum value of 88.1 % at −0.7 V vs. RHE. Meanwhile, the highest formate partial current density reaches 47.7 mA cm−2 at −1.2 V vs. RHE and the current density and Faradaic efficiency remain stable during the 10 h stability test. The enhanced formate formation on Bi‐In2O3 NF can be attributed to the synergistic effect between Bi and In according to the characterizations of the Bi‐In2O3 NF.
Effect of Impurities on Solubility and Metastable Zone Width of Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate
Authors: Yang Sen , Zhou Xiaomeng , Du Haowen , Xie Chuang
Published: April 2024

Recovering manganese from waste batteries is an important issue to promote the development of new energy. Herein, nickel sulfate and cobalt sulfate, representative impurities in waste battery leachate, are selected to examine their influence on the crystallization thermodynamics and crystal nucleation of manganese sulfate monohydrate. This work assessed alterations in solubility and metastable zone width (MSZW) due to the presence of impurities. The results showed a decrease in manganese sulfate monohydrate solubility in water with increasing impurity concentrations of either nickel sulfate or cobalt sulfate. The effects of initial concentration, heating rate, and impurity concentration on MSZW demonstrated a consistent increase in MSZW as these factors increased. The MSZW data are fitted using the self‐consistent Nývlt‐like model and the classical 3D nucleation theory model. The results revealed a general increase in the nucleation rate constant, K, with increasing saturation temperature or decreasing nickel sulfate concentration. Conversely, the solid‐liquid interface energy, γ, generally decreases with increasing saturation temperature or decreasing nickel sulfate concentration. Based on the influence observed on the interface energy, a possible mechanism is proposed that suggests that impurities inhibit crystal nucleation through adsorption.
Exploring the Synergistic Potential of Bimetallic Sulfide (SrCuS) as Battery‐Grade Electrode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Abbasi Usman , Khizar Asma , Shaheen Misbah , Wabaidur Saikh Mohammad , Ahmad Zubair
Published: April 2024

State‐of‐the art hybrid energy storage devices, owing to their attractive electrochemical features of high specific energy, power, and great stability, have earned incredible attention throughout the world. Herein, bimetallic sulfide (SrCuS) composites with different concentration are electrochemically analyzed for hybrid supercapacitor applications. In half‐cell assembly, amidst all compositions, Sr0.5Cu0.5S reveals relatively better performance demonstrating specific capacity “Qs” of 596.48 C g−1. To assess the hybrid device's (Sr0.5Cu0.5S//AC) electrochemical performance, positive electrode (Sr0.5Cu0.5S) along with activated carbon as negative electrode is utilized. The device displayed energy density “Ed” of (51.28 W h kg−1) and power density “‘Pd” of 6800 W kg−1. Furthermore, the device is examined for capacitive‐ and diffusive‐controlled processes employing a semi‐empirical approach, using linear and quadratic models, respectively.
Quantifying landscape change following catastrophic dam failures in Edenville and Sanford, Michigan, USA
Authors: Martin Harrison K. , Edmonds Douglas A. , Yanites Brian J. , Niemi Nathan A.
Published: April 2024

Dam failures due to changing hydroclimate and ageing infrastructure pose a significant threat to downstream river systems and communities. The detailed geomorphic effects of catastrophic dam failures are not well known because of a lack of high‐resolution topographic data before and after failures. On 19 May 2020, the 17‐m‐tall Edenville and 11‐m‐tall Sanford dams near Midland, Michigan, USA, failed as a result of significant rainfall over the preceding 2 days. We analysed the geomorphic impacts of these failures using a pre‐failure airborne lidar dataset and three uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based lidar surveys collected 2 weeks, 3 months and 11 months after failure. Our survey following the dam failure revealed 47 100 ± 11 900 m3 of net floodplain erosion and 17 300 ± 4200 m3 of net deposition downstream of the Edenville and Sanford dam breaches, respectively. Over the year following failure, most geomorphic change was confined to new knickpoints migrating slowly through underlying glacial till substrate, with little change to riverbanks or surrounding floodplains. A lack of impounded reservoir sediment and antecedent downstream topography, including valley width and the location of the breaches relative to the river below the dams, contributed to relatively modest geomorphic changes despite the magnitude of water released. We provide insight into how landscapes are shaped by catastrophic floods, which are likely to become more common with ageing dams and a changing hydroclimate.
Effects of tislelizumab on health‐related quality of life in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Yang Yunpeng , Pan Jianji , Chen Nianyong , Guo Ye , Huang Xiaoming , Wu Yanjie , Leaw Shiangjiin , Bai Fan , Wang Yu , Zhao Na , Tang Boxiong , Barnes Gisoo
Published: April 2024

Background

This study evaluated health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in the RATIONALE‐309 (NCT03924986) intent‐to‐treat (ITT) population and in a subgroup of patients with liver metastases.

Methods

Patients were randomized 1:1 to tislelizumab + chemotherapy or placebo + chemotherapy. As the secondary endpoint, HRQoL was evaluated using seven selected scores from the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and QLQ Head and Neck Cancer module (QLQ‐H&N35).

Results

Of 263 randomized patients in the ITT population (tislelizumab + chemotherapy n = 131, placebo + chemotherapy n = 132), 43% had liver metastases (tislelizumab + chemotherapy n = 56; placebo + chemotherapy n = 57). No differences in change in selected scores on the QLQ‐C30 from baseline to cycle 4 or cycle 8 were observed for the ITT or liver metastases subgroup. No differences in selected QLQ‐H&N35 scores were observed between the arms from baseline to cycle 4. In the ITT population and the liver metastases subgroup, a greater reduction from baseline to cycle 8 was observed in the tislelizumab + chemotherapy arm than the placebo + chemotherapy arm in QLQ‐H&N35 pain score. At cycle 8 in the liver metastases subgroup, the tislelizumab + chemotherapy arm experienced greater improvement in the QLQ‐H&N35 senses problems score than the placebo + chemotherapy arm. Differences in time to deterioration between arms were not observed.

Conclusions

The current findings, along with improved survival and favorable safety, suggests that tislelizumab + chemotherapy represents a potential first‐line treatment for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer.
Analysis of schizophrenia‐associated genetic markers in the HLA region as risk factors for tardive dyskinesia
Authors: Wang Ruoyu , Lu Justin Y. , Herbert Deanna , Lieberman Jeffrey A. , Meltzer Herbert Y. , Tiwari Arun K. , Remington Gary , Kennedy James L. , Zai Clement C.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The pathology of Tardive Dyskinesia (TD) has yet to be fully understood, but there have been proposed hypotheses for the cause of this condition. Our team previously reported a possible association of TD with the Complement Component C4 gene in the HLA region. In this study, we explored the HLA region further by examining two previously identified schizophrenia‐associated HLA‐region single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs13194504 and rs210133.

Methods

The SNPs rs13194504 and rs210133 were tested for association with the occurrence and severity of TD in a sample of 172 schizophrenia patients who were recruited for four studies from three different clinical sites in Canada and USA.

Results

The rs13194504 AA genotype was associated with decreased severity for TD as measured by Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores (p = 0.047) but not for TD occurrence. SNP rs210133 was not significantly associated with either TD occurrence or AIMS scores.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the rs13194504 AA genotype may play a role in TD severity, while SNP rs210133 may not have a major role in the risk or severity of TD.
Potential novel role of the human amniotic membrane as a sustainable hemostat
Authors: Mousa Noha Ahmed , Soliman Sherouk Magdy , Al‐Mofty Saif El‐Din
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Acute hemorrhage can cause significant morbidity and mortality arising from trauma, bleeding disorders, surgical procedures, or obstetric complications. Surgical hemostasis methods may fail to stop acute bleeding due to the complex bleeding dynamics of each bleeding type. Therefore, developing safe and effective topical hemostatic agents remains crucial. The human amniotic membrane (hAM) has established clinical evidence of effectiveness in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration. Despite its unique biological and immunologic properties and its structural composition of established hemostatic elements, the hemostatic role of hAM has not been yet explored. The present study aimed to investigate this potential role and to describe the development protocol and characterization of hAM‐derived topical hemostat.

Methods

Surface electron microscope (SEM) imaging and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used for characterization, and mouse models with induced peritoneal and tail wound bleeding were employed to evaluate the hemostatic effectiveness using physiological studies, in comparison to a chitosan‐based combat‐scale hemostat.

Results

The hAM hemostat showed a distinctive composition by SEM and FTIR. Applying equal masses of the hAM hemostat, the commercial hemostat, or a combination reduced peritoneal wound bleeding time to averages of 108.4, 86.2, and 76.8 s, respectively, compared to the control group (300 s). Tail wound bleeding times were similarly reduced with no significant difference between the hAM and the commercial hemostat (P values = 0.29, 0.34 in peritoneal and tail wounds, respectively). Neither hemostat affected coagulation time.

Conclusion

This study describes a simple cost‐effective preparation protocol for a hAM‐based hemostatic agent. The long‐recognized safety, sustainability, and immunotolerance advantages of hAM can establish superiority over commercial hemostats with reported safety concerns. Robust research validation in larger‐scale bleeding models is required for wider applications and severe bleeding types.
Addressing water scarcity in agricultural irrigation: By exploring alternative water resources for sustainable irrigated agriculture
Authors: Elmahdi Amgad
Published: April 2024

This review paper addresses challenges in the water sector, particularly in irrigated agriculture, aiming to propose solutions for meeting irrigation demands while promoting global food security and sustainable development, notably SDG 6. Structured around three facets: empowering farmers, strengthening conventional sources of irrigation water and harnessing non‐conventional water resources, it emphasizes the significance of exploring blue water resources due to precipitation variability. Many irrigation systems operate below efficiency, offering productivity enhancement opportunities. Water management in agriculture spans various levels, involving farmers as key stakeholders. In addition to surface water, alternative sources like rainwater, grey water, recycled wastewater and groundwater can meet irrigation needs. Rainfed agriculture, facing challenges from erratic rainfall, can benefit from rainwater harvesting and under‐irrigation practices. Wastewater emerges as a pivotal resource, particularly in periurban areas, necessitating appropriate safety measures. This paper presents the General Report of Congress Question 64 of the ICID Congress in Visakhapatnam. It provides a unique opportunity to focus on how alternative water resources might enhance the resilience of irrigation systems and bridge the gap between water supply and demand. The subdivision of the paper into three distinct subtopics guides research contributions, encouraging responses that delve into the specific themes of reinforcing, harnessing and empowering, all within the context of sustainable irrigated agriculture.
Injection Medialization in Infants with Vocal Fold Immobility Improves Dysphagia
Authors: Siu Jennifer M , Amin Shaunak N. , Colyer Jessica , Horner Cassie , Bhat Aarti , Bohuta Lyubomyr , Chan Titus , Dahl John P. , Fridgen Jennifer , Johnson Kaalan , Yip Caitlin , Parikh Sanjay R.
Published: April 2024

Background

Unilateral vocal fold immobility (VFI) is a known cause of morbidity amongst children following congenital heart surgery. Injection medialization (IM) provides medial distraction and improves glottic closure. Limited objective data is available for the effect of IM in young children (<2 years‐old) with VFI.

Methods

Retrospective case series of infants <2 who underwent IM for VFI after congenital cardiac surgery. Primary outcome was objective reduced risk of aspiration based on Dysphagia and Outcome Severity Scores (DOSS) on Video swallow study (VFSS) performed prior to and within 4 weeks following IM. Secondary analysis included perioperative complications and number of children who were able to avoid NG or G tube placement.

Results

17 children <2 years of age had unilateral VFI after congenital cardiac surgery and underwent IM. The median age at time of initial cardiac surgery was 6 days (IQR 3–7). There was no intraoperative or postoperative stridor or associated complications. All 17 patients had preoperative aspiration noted on VFSS. Average swallowing outcomes on VFSS improved after IM with an increase in DOSS score (preop score 3 (IQR 2–4) to postop score 6.5 (IQR 5–7) [P = 0.001]). At 2 months following IM, of the patients who had improvement in swallowing function, 50% (n = 6) were able to feed completely orally, 25% (n = 3) were fed orally with an NG wean, and 3 (25%) had a G tube placed.

Conclusion

Initial results suggest that IM is safe and improves early objective swallowing outcomes in children <2 years old with VFI after congenital cardiac surgery.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 134:4396–4401, 2024
Micro‐CT Imaging of Tracheal Development in Down Syndrome and Non‐Down Syndrome Fetuses
Authors: Fockens M. Matthijs , Dawood Yousif , Zwart Mika J. , Docter Daniël , Hagoort Jaco , Dikkers Frederik G. , de Bakker Bernadette S.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with airway abnormalities including a narrowed trachea. It is uncertain whether this narrowed trachea in DS is a consequence of deviant fetal development or an acquired disorder following endotracheal intubation after birth. This study aimed to compare the tracheal morphology in DS and non‐DS fetuses using microfocus computed tomography (micro‐CT).

Methods

Twenty fetal samples were obtained from the Dutch Fetal Biobank and divided into groups based on gestational age. Micro‐CT images were processed to analyze tracheal length, volume, and cross‐sectional area (CSA).

Results

Mean tracheal length and tracheal volume were similar in DS and non‐DS fetuses for all gestational age groups. Mean, minimum, and maximal tracheal CSA were statistically significantly increased in the single DS fetus in the group of 21–24 weeks of gestation, but not in other gestational age groups. In 90% of all studied fetuses, the minimum tracheal CSA was located in the middle third of the trachea.

Conclusion

Tracheal development in DS fetuses was similar to non‐DS fetuses between 13 and 21 weeks of gestation. This suggests that the narrowed tracheal diameter in DS children may occur later in fetal development or results from postnatal intubation trauma. The narrowest part of the trachea is in majority of DS and non‐DS fetuses the middle third.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:4389–4395, 2024
A spatially explicit framework for assessing ecosystem service supply risk under multiple land‐use scenarios in the Xi'an Metropolitan Area of China
Authors: Peng Lixian , Zhang Liwei , Li Xupu , Zhao Wudong , Liu Yu , Wang Zhuangzhuang , Wang Hao , Jiao Lei
Published: April 2024

Rapid global urbanization has perturbed ecosystem structures and functions, resulting in ecological risk and threatening sustainable human well‐being and socioeconomic development. However, scientific indicators to analyze ecosystem service (ES) risk patterns need to be explored in detail. In addition, studies on ES supply risk are stagnating on historical or status explorations, especially from the view of disturbance from land‐use changes. This study seeks to develop a framework for modeling past‐future ES supply risk pattern evaluation and probing into ES risk patterns under different future land‐use scenarios. To achieve this objective, the framework integrates the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model, the Intelligent Urban Ecosystem Management System (IUEMS) model, and an established indicator system incorporating ES supply trend, hotspots and coldspots, and ES trade‐offs, and synergies. The results show that: (1) In 2050, the supply of climate regulation in the Xi'an Metropolitan Area (XMA) will increase, while that of carbon sequestration and recreation will decrease. In 2050, the supply of climate regulation is the highest under ecological protection (EP) scenario, while the supply of carbon sequestration and recreation are the highest under cropland protection (CP) scenario. (2) From 2000 to 2050, the hotspots and coldspots of climate regulation increase in both natural development (ND) scenario and CP scenario. Notably, CP scenario experiences the most significant reduction in extremely significant hotspots and coldspots of carbon sequestration. From 2000 to 2050, at the regional and pixel scales, climate regulation and carbon sequestration mainly show trade‐offs, and carbon sequestration and recreation show synergies. (3) ES supply risk in XMA is high in the center and low in the north and south. The ES supply risk from 2000 to 2050 is increasing, with expanding “extremely high risk”, “high risk”, and “extremely safe” areas. ES supply risk management should adhere to more strict land‐use policies and guidelines, management zoning for areas with different levels of ES risk, and an accurate understanding of ES trade‐offs and synergies for scientific risk management. This study could provide theoretical and technical references for ES risk assessment research and promote scientific ecological risk management.
Periodic solutions of the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system on whole spaces
Authors: Loan Nguyen Thi , Nguyen Thi Van Anh , Van Thuy Tran , Xuan Pham Truong
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we investigate to the existence and uniqueness of periodic solutions for the parabolic–elliptic Keller–Segel system on whole spaces detailized by Euclidean space and real hyperbolic space . We work in framework of critical spaces such as on weak‐Lorentz space to obtain the results for the Keller–Segel system on and on for to obtain those on . Our method is based on the dispersive and smoothing estimates of the heat semigroup and fixed point arguments. This work provides also a fully comparison between the asymptotic behaviors of periodic mild solutions of the Keller–Segel system obtained in and the one in .
Major MH disparities found among trans vs. cis youth
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: April 2024

Despite broad improvements in attitudes toward gender minorities, a new study examining mental health disparities in transgender individuals compared to the cisgender population has found alarming increases over several years, prompting researchers to call for new policies to address the worsening mental health of transgender and gender nonconforming people in the United States.
APA calls on social media platform developers to protect youth
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: April 2024

Calling on social media platform developers to structurally correct harmful design content, features and functions on social media platforms that pose psychological threats to youth is one of the key messages in the American Psychological Association's (APA) new report.
A modified gradient‐based iterative algorithm for solving the complex conjugate and transpose matrix equations
Authors: Long Yanping , Cui Jingjing , Huang Zhengge , Wu Xiaowen
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we first develop the modified gradient‐based iterative (MGI) method for the complex conjugate and transpose matrix equations
. By adopting the updated technique, we can make full use of the latest information to compute the next result, which leads to a faster convergence rate. In theory, we apply the real representation of a complex matrix and the vec‐operator to prove the convergence properties. Furthermore, we extend the MGI algorithm to solve the generalized complex conjugate and transpose matrix equations. Then, the necessary and sufficient conditions for convergence of the MGI algorithm are presented. Lastly, three numerical examples are introduced to testify the efficiency of our methods.
Validating the Chinese version of short‐form foreign language classroom anxiety scale
Authors: Dong Yaxin , Huang Jinyan
Published: April 2024

This three‐phase study utilized item response theory (IRT) and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) approaches to validate the short‐form foreign language classroom anxiety scale (S‐FLCAS) for measuring Chinese college students' foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA). The sample consisted of 855 Chinese college students. Phase 1 was conducted within the EFA and CFA frameworks to investigate the construct validity of the S‐FLCAS. Phase 2 was conducted within IRT frameworks to assess the reliability of this scale. Lastly, Phase 3 adopted multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) to explore the measurement invariance across gender and second language (L2) learner groups. The findings revealed that the Chinese version of S‐FLCAS is a reliable and valid instrument, exhibiting unidimensional characteristics. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance were identified across gender groups, while configural, partial metric, and partial scalar invariance were observed across L2 groups. This study further discussed the reasons for some suboptimal performance of the S‐FLCAS and practical implications for researchers and university educators.
Translational kinetic‐pharmacodynamics of mRNA‐6231, an investigational mRNA therapeutic encoding mutein interleukin‐2
Authors: Liric Rajlic Ivana , Guglieri‐Lopez Beatriz , Rangoonwala Nabeel , Ivaturi Vijay , Van Linh , Mori Simone , Wipke Brian , Burdette Douglas , Attarwala Husain
Published: April 2024

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining immune homeostasis by serving as negative regulators of adaptive immune system effector cell responses. Reduced production or function of Tregs has been implicated in several human autoimmune diseases. The cytokine interleukin 2 plays a central role in promoting Treg differentiation, survival, and function in vivo and may therefore have therapeutic benefits for autoimmune diseases. mRNA‐6231 is an investigational, lipid nanoparticle‐encapsulated, mRNA‐based therapy that encodes a modified human interleukin 2 mutein fused to human serum albumin (HSA‐IL2m). Herein, we report the development of a semi‐mechanistic kinetic‐pharmacodynamic model to quantify the relationship between subcutaneous dose(s) of mRNA‐6231, HSA‐IL2m protein expression, and Treg expansion in nonhuman primates. The nonclinical kinetic‐pharmacodynamic model was extrapolated to humans using allometric scaling principles and the physiological basis of pharmacological mechanisms to predict the clinical response to therapy a priori. Model‐based simulations were used to inform the dose selection and design of the first‐in‐human clinical study (NCT04916431). The modeling approach used to predict human responses was validated when data became available from the phase I clinical study. This validation indicates that the approach is valuable in informing clinical decision‐making.
Pharmacological treatments for psychotic depression
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: April 2024

Despite the overall efficacy of antidepressant and antipsychotic combination therapy for the treatment of psychotic depression, data on the most appropriate choice of individual drugs for the combination treatment are limited. Researchers recently conducted a network meta‐analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of various pharmacological treatment options for patients who had major depressive episodes with psychotic features (Oliva et al., 2024).
Exploring structural, optoelectronic, and thermoelectric properties of SrCaGe and SrCaSn half Heusler compounds
Authors: Bahara D. , Al‐Qaisi Samah , Akila Boumaza , Dutta Ashim , Mundad T. , Alofi Ayman S. , Bakkour Youssef
Published: April 2024

Making products that are affordable, environmentally friendly, and energy‐efficient is the main objective of modern production. The objective of this research is to discover compounds that meet these parameters. The full‐potential, linearized augmented plane wave program (FP LAPW) offered by Wien2K was used to examine the structural, optical, electrical, and transport aspects of SrCaGe and SrCaSn Half‐Heusler (HHs) compounds. Generalized gradient approximation (GGA) was considered for the structural optimization and computation of elastic properties signifies inherent ductility and mechanical stability of the examined SrCaGe and SrCaSn compounds. Additionally, both materials were found to possess a direct bandgap and exhibit semiconducting behavior. The bandgap magnitudes obtained utilizing the modified Becke‐Johnson (mBJ) approximation are 0.78 and 0.52 eV for SrCaGe and SrCaSn, respectively. According to their optical characteristics, SrCaGe and SrCaSn show potential for application in optoelectronic components. Furthermore, the transport properties are evaluated by BoltzTrap program, revealing that both SrCaGe and SrCaSn exhibit figures of merit (ZT) values nearly equal to one at room temperature. This suggests their potential use in creating thermoelectric devices with highly efficient performance. The simulation study demonstrates the promising attributes of SrCaGe and SrCaSn HHs materials, positioning them as viable candidates for various applications, aligned with the goals of sustainable and efficient manufacturing.
Rovibrational calculations without model Hamiltonians: The infrared and microwave spectra of thiopropynal
Authors: Das Subhasish , Rauhut Guntram
Published: April 2024

Rovibrational configuration interaction theory has been used to study the rotational spectrum and low lying rovibrational states of thiopropynal, a molecule, which has recently been detected in an interstellar cloud. Geometrical parameters, fundamental vibrational transitions and spectroscopic constants are also provided. All calculations rely on an ‐mode representation of the multidimensional potential energy surface, which has been obtained from explicitly correlated coupled‐cluster approaches including core correlation effects and an approximate treatment of high‐order coupled‐cluster terms. Comparison with experimental data is provided for several properties and the agreement was found to be excellent in most cases.
Not fully twisted, not fully planar, but intermediate torsions for ideal chromophore design: A computational study on p‐phenylene bridged pyridinium phenolate betaines
Authors: Sitha Sanyasi
Published: April 2024

This contribution reports extensive studies on structure–property correlations of two isoelectronic betaine metamers (positional isomers). These zwitterions differ from each other with respect to bonding modes of pyridinium acceptors (Reichardt's mode: through N‐atom versus Brooker's mode: through C‐atom) with the p‐phenylene bridged phenolate donors. Various quantum chemical methodologies are used in this investigation, with time‐dependent (TD) and coupled perturbed (CPHF) theories for computations of many molecular response properties. Analysis of first hyperpolarizabilities (β) indicates that Reichardt's metamer (ωB97xD: β = 349.5 × 10−30 esu) is more efficient chromophore (~5‐fold enhanced) than Brooker's metamer (ωB97xD: β = 69.4 × 10−30 esu). The gyratory abilities of the bridge junctions resulted in a cohort of metastable conformations, in the rotational potential energy surfaces (PES) of the two metamers. Moreover, rotational PES establishes that intermediary torsions are suitable for optimal chromophore design strategies (Reichardt's metamer: β = 956.5 × 10−30 esu, and Brooker's metamer: β = 1104.7 × 10−30 esu), Thus suitable conformational manipulations, can be used to obtain more efficient zwitterionic molecular chromophores. Compared unbridged prototype molecules, p‐phenylene bridged zwitterions showed ~6–9 times enhanced values of β. In addition, important aspects of suitable chromophore design strategies are suggested.
Peri‐Xanthenoxanthene‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for High‐Performance Aqueous Zn‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Valentini Cataldo , Montes‐García Verónica , Cusin Luca , Pakulski Dawid , Wlazło Mateusz , Samorì Paolo , Ciesielski Artur
Published: April 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (Zn‐HSCs) are promising devices for sustainable and efficient energy storage. However, they suffer from a limited energy density compared to lithium‐ion batteries. This limitation can be overcome by developing novel electrode materials, with covalent organic frameworks (COFs) standing out as a particularly intriguing option. Herein, peri‐xanthenoxanthene (PXX) has been integrated for the first time into a COF scaffold to take advantage of its straightforward synthesis, chemical stability, π‐conjugated backbone, and heteroatom content endowing reversible redox reactions at low potentials. Two novel hexagonal COFs have been designed and synthesized by tethering of a PXX‐diamine unit having a C2 symmetry with two distinct tris‐aldehydes acting as C3‐symmetric cornerstones, i.e., triformyl benzene (TFB) and triformylphloroglucinol (Tp), ultimately yielding COF PXX(PhNH2)2‐TFB and COF PXX(PhNH2)2‐Tp, respectively. As cathodes in Zn‐HSCs, COF PXX(PhNH2)2‐Tp exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance, energy, and power densities (237 F g−1, 106.6 Wh kg−1, and 3.0 kW kg−1, respectively), surpassing those of COF PXX(PhNH2)2‐TFB (109 F g−1, 49.1 Wh kg−1, and 0.67 kW kg−1). Importantly, both COFs display outstanding long‐term stability, over 5000 charge/discharge cycles, with capacitance retention >92%. These findings underscore the potential of PXX‐based COFs as high‐performance cathode materials for HSCs, thereby offering a promising new avenue for energy storage technologies.
Design of a Color Neutral Nonpatterned Photovoltaic Window Based on Luminescent Solar Concentrator
Authors: Bernardoni Paolo , Mangherini Giulio , Andreoli Alfredo , Diolaiti Valentina , Marrazzo Rosamaria , Melchiorre Fabio , Zanardi Stefano , Vincenzi Donato
Published: April 2024

The necessity to fulfil buildings energy demand with different energy sources leads to an increasing integration between building components and renewable energy sources. The development of new building‐integrated photovoltaics technologies requiring less silicon solar cells for active area is particularly interesting especially from a circular economy perspective. This research describes the design of five neutral color photovoltaic windows based on large area (0.61 m2) luminescent solar concentrators co‐developed by the University of Ferrara and Eni S.p.A. The windows are installed at the Eni “Renewable, New Energies and Material Science Research Centre” in Novara (Italy). The prototypes show a visible transmittance of 38.5%, exceeding that of commercially available semi‐transparent photovoltaic technologies. Moreover, the evaluation of the window colorimetric properties highlights a color rendering index equal to 93.0, thus ensuring an excellent illumination quality of the building indoor. The panel electrical performance is measured indoor, at the end of the assembly process, and onsite, showing a power production ranging from 1.2 to 2.8 W and an efficiency between 0.23% and 0.48% depending on the illumination condition and the background reflectivity. Although the generated power is limited, it is already sufficient to power stand‐alone small appliances and smart systems.
Nano Silver Imprinted Starch‐co‐Polymethylmethacrylate Sandwiched Layered Double Hydroxide Nanocomposite Films for Packaging Application
Authors: Nazrul Shaikh , Biswal Anuradha , Sahu Krishna Manjari , Sana Siva Sankar , Swain Sarat K.
Published: April 2024

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) is a special category of layered nanomaterials that has attracted keen interest towards fabrication of hybrid materials for efficient packaging application. In the present study, starch‐co‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (St‐co‐PMMA) copolymeric matrix is sandwiched within Mg‐Al layered double hydroxides (Mg‐Al LDH) along with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via surfactant free in situ polymerization of MMA. The imprintment of LDH and AgNPs within the copolymeric matrix of starch and their interactions are analyzed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) study. The morphological analysis is carried out by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which indicates the reduction of voids by the partial intercalation and exfoliation of LDH layers. This dispersive effect offered by the combination of LDH and AgNPs not only results in an eight‐fold increase in oxygen barrier properties, but also enhances the chemical resistance attributes of the St‐co‐PMMA@Ag/(Mg‐Al)LDH nanocomposite films (NFs) with increase in LDH loading. Antibacterial activity is rendered by the presence of AgNPs and is further accentuated by increasing the concentration of LDH in the nanocomposite films. This significant elevation in thermal stability, chemical resistance, barrier properties, and bactericidal nature makes the material potential for packaging applications.
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) blends and composites: A review
Authors: Vyavahare Siddhant A. , Kharat Baburao M. , More Aarti P.
Published: April 2024

Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic material, which is a member of the polyester family. It has excellent thermal and flow properties, high stiffness, and strength, which make it a good choice for combining various polymers. Various blends and composites of PBT are majorly prepared by melt blending like PBT/polypropylene (PP), PBT/PC and PBT/epoxy are examples of polybutylene terephthalate combinations. The compatibilizer plays a crucial role in blending and PBT grafted with the main ingredients utilized in PBT mixes to increase adhesion between the phases are epoxies, acrylic acid, and maleic anhydride. PBT can be reinforced with powder fillers and fibers to make polymer composites. PBT blends and composites have applications in the automotive industry, aerospace, electronics, consumer goods, etc. Due to an increasing enviornmental concern, research is being carried out for biobased PBT blends and composites.
Spin-statistics for black hole microstates
Authors: Chen Yiming , Turiaci Gustavo J.
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The gravitational path integral can be used to compute the number of black hole states for a given energy window, or the free energy in a thermal ensemble. In this article we explain how to use the gravitational path integral to compute the separate number of bosonic and fermionic black hole microstates. We do this by comparing the partition function with and without the insertion of (−1)F. In particular we introduce a universal rotating black hole that contributes to the partition function in the presence of (−1)F. We study this problem for black holes in asymptotically flat space and in AdS, putting constraints on the high energy spectrum of holographic CFTs (not necessarily supersymmetric). Finally, we analyze wormhole contributions to related quantities.
Irrelevant and marginal deformed BMS field theories
Authors: He Song , Mao Xin-Cheng
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In this study, we investigate various deformations within the framework of Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs invariant field theory (BMSFT). Specifically, we explore the impact of Bondi-van der Burg-Metzner-Sachs (BMS) symmetry on the theory by introducing key deformations, namely, $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

, JTμ, and $$ \sqrt{T\overline{T}} $$

T

T
¯

deformations. In the context of generic seed theories possessing BMS symmetry, we derive the first-order correction of correlation functions using the systematic application of BMS symmetry ward identities. However, it is worth noting that higher-order corrections are intricately dependent on the specific characteristics of the seed theories. To illustrate our findings, we select the BMS free scalar and free fermion as representative seed theories. We then proceed to analytically determine the deformed action by solving the nontrivial flow equations. Additionally, we extend our analysis to include second-order deformations within these deformed theories.
Effective cuscuton theory
Authors: Mylova Maria , Afshordi Niayesh
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Cuscuton field theory is an extension of general relativity that does not introduce additional propagating degrees of freedom, or violate relativistic causality. We construct a general geometric description of the cuscuton field theory by introducing curvature corrections to both the volume (potential) and the surface (kinetic) terms in the original cuscuton action. Our assumptions involve a stack of spacelike branes, separated by 4-dimensional bulks. We conjecture that the cuscuton, initially a discrete field, becomes continuous in the limit, there are many such transitions. From this we derive an effective action for the cuscuton theory and show that at the quadratic level our theory propagates only the two tensorial degrees of freedom.
Constrained Normalized Subband Adaptive Filter Algorithm and Its Performance Analysis
Authors: Xu Wenjing , Zhao Haiquan , Lv Shaohui
Published: April 2024

Constrained least mean square (CLMS) algorithm is the most popular constrained adaptive filtering algorithm due to its simple structure and easy implementation. However, its convergence slows down when the input signal is colored. To address this issue, this paper firstly introduces the normalized subband adaptive filter (NSAF) into the constrained filtering problem and derives a constrained NSAF (CNSAF) algorithm using the Lagrange multiplier method. Benefiting from the good decorrelation capability of the NSAF, the proposed CNSAF algorithm significantly improves the convergence performance of the CLMS algorithm under colored inputs. Then, the mean and mean-square stability of the CNSAF algorithm is analyzed, and the theoretical models to characterize the transient and steady-state mean square deviation (MSD) behaviors of the CNSAF algorithm are derived utilizing the Kronecker product property and vectorization method. Further to extend the CNSAF algorithm to the problem of sparse system identification, a sparse version of the CNSAF algorithm (S-CNSAF) is derived. Finally, the validity of the derived theoretical MSD prediction models and the superiority of the proposed algorithms are confirmed by extensive computer simulations on system identification with colored inputs.