bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of high-intensity laser light for treating large kidney stones
Authors: Pak Yu. G. , Kalyagina N. A. , Yagudaev D. M.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. This work analyzes efficacy, convenience, and safety of a high-energy laser light technique for destructing large kidney stones in patients with nephrolithiasis in comparison to other contact methods of nephrolithotripsy.

Material and methods. The effectiveness of contact laser nephrolithotripsy is compared to that of hydropneumatic and ultrasonic lithotripsy. Holmium green laser light was used in this laser procedure. For other techniques, Swiss LithoClast Master devices were used. The authors have analyzed outcomes obtained after operating on 73 patients with large and complex kidney stones.

Results. To evaluate the effectiveness, basic parameters were taken (degree of kidney cleaning of stones and their fragments, probability of migration of stone fragments, blood loss, duration of surgery, complications, etc.). In addition, the correlation between basic parameters was obtained and analyzed.

Conclusion. The present trial has shown that laser contact lithotripsy is the most optimal technique for destructing large and complex kidney stones in comparison to traditional modalities such as contact hydropneumatic and ultrasonic lithotripsy. It takes more time but provides more effective cleaning from calculi.
Potentials of intravenous laser blood irradiation to correct peroxidation and antioxidant activity as a result of surgical distress
Authors: Musikhin L. V. , Shiryaev V. S. , Shvetsky F. M. , Potievskaya V. I. , Potievsky M. B. , Gorin D. S. , Bugrovskaya O. I. , Khosrovyan A. M.
Published: November 2021

Purpose: to reveal protective effects of intravenous low-level laser blood irradiation (ILBI) during surgical interventions at the gallbladder as well as to study the state of antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication.

Material and methods. In the perioperative period, 40 patients from the main group (I) had traditional treatment which included pharmacological preparations and sessions of intravenous laser blood irradiation. 45 patients from the control group (II) had only traditional (pharmacotherapeutic) treatment. In both groups during surgery, the anesthetic protection consisted of classical neuroleptanalgesia. The age of patients in both groups did not differ significantly. Intravenous laser blood irradiation was done with helium-neon laser “Atoll” 632 nm (Fokon Ltd, St-Petersburg, Russia). During surgery, three irradiation sessions were performed at radiation power of 20 mW and exposure 15 minutes at various stages of surgery: 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia, at the traumatic stage and 30 minutes before the expected finish of the surgery. Ceruloplasmin and transferrin levels in the blood plasma were assessed with the electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The ratio of ceruloplasmin/transferrin which characterizes the level of antioxidant activity was also established. The level of endogenous intoxication was assessed using the previously published technique. The quantitative characteristics of endogenous intoxication by this technique is the value of optical density (D280) and total optical density of components related to high molecular weight and low molecular weight fractions.

Results. ILBI sessions in patients neutralize changes in the level of ceruloplasmin and transferrin in blood. The data obtained also confirm ILBI protective effects at protein SH-groups or activation of the restoration of protein SH-groups that were damaged by oxidation as a result of surgical aggression and trauma.

Conclusion. The protective effect of intravenous laser blood irradiation in addition to the standard preoperative therapy optimizes pharmacological anesthetic protection during surgery under the existing traditional schemes of combined general anesthesia.
Improving the results of treatment of patients with purulent diseases of fingers and hands using laser irradiation and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chepurnaya Y. L. , Melkonyan G. G. , Gulmuradova N. T. , Sorokin A. A.
Published: November 2021

Despite the evolution in modern surgery and in pharmaceutical industry, purulent pathology of the hand is occupying a leading position for many years among all diseases with which patients are admitted to hospitals. Over the years, medical care for such patients has been improving. A high social and economic significance of this problem makes surgeons to continue searches of new directions not only in surgical techniques, but also in postoperative wound management to improve outcomes in patients with purulent diseases of the hand.

The purpose of this work is to assess results of care of patients with purulent finger and hand diseases treated with laser light necrectomy and photodynamic therapy. A comparative analysis of wound process dynamics and treatment outcomes in 198 patients with hand purulent diseases who had been admitted to Moscow City Hospital No. 4 was made by the authors. All patients were divided into four groups depending on the curative modality. In Group 1 (n = 53), a wound was sutured after surgery, and a drainage-lavage system (DLS) was installed; in Group 2 (n = 50), a wound was not sutured because of contraindications to suturing; in Group 3 (n = 46), patients had laser necrectomy after which a wound was sutured and DLS was installed; in Group 4 (n = 49), a wound was not sutured because of contraindications like in Group 2, but it was treated with antiseptic dressings and photodynamic therapy at an early postoperative period. Various aspects of the effectiveness of laser techniques have been analyzed: dynamics of wound healing, changes in wound defect size, level of pain syndrome assessed by VAS, changes in clinical blood tests, changes in wound exudate cytological picture as well as changes in wound microflora. Acceleration of wound healing was noted in all patients who were treated with laser light what, consequently, shortened their inpatient stay. Laser light also changed cytological and microbiological patterns of wound exudate, as evidenced by the decrease of wound detritus and by the decrease of microbial content in the wound. In patients, who were treated with laser light, less pain syndrome was registered immediately after laser technique application.

The obtained findings demonstrate a positive effect of laser necrectomy with DLS at wound process as well. Photodynamic therapy significantly improved results in patients with open wound management on the hand and fingers. Laser techniques have good perspectives in purulent surgery of the hand.
Laser papillosphincterotomy in choledocholithiasis and acute biliary pancreatitis
Authors: Lazarenko V. A. , Kanishchev Y. V. , Nazarenko P. M. , Nazarenko D. P. , Samgina T. A. , Loktionov A. L. , Gorbunov S. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective. The radical elimination of extrahepatic biliary tract pathology in choledocholithiasis and acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) reduces the risk of infection and eliminates the source of endogenous intoxication; so, the search of safe and effective techniques for endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPT) is important.

Purpose: to assess outcomes of laser-assisted endoscopic papillosphincterotomy.

Material and methods. 288 patients with “wedged” (n = 111) and “valve” (n = 177) choledocholithiasis and acute biliary pancreatitis were divided into two groups depending on EPT technique: in the control group, a papillotome with electrocoagulation cord was used (n = 195); in the main group, laser scalpel was used (n = 93).

Results. 87 patients with “wedged” choledocholithiasis were treated with EPT and an end electrode on the wedged stone. 16 patients out of them had mild bleeding which was stopped by irrigation with epinephrine solution (1 : 10 000) followed by the targeted coagulation. The average surgical time was 38 ± 16 min. In 24 patients with rigid and edematous medial wall of the duodenum due to acute biliary pancreatitis, the proposed device plus laser technique for papillosphincterotomy were used (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2614891). There was no bleeding, the average surgical time was 24 ± 12 min. In “valve” choledocholithiasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE) was performed; calculi from the common bile duct were removed. In 108 patients during LCE, EPT was made via an antegrade catheter. In 69 patients with anatomical and physiological obstacles caused by the major duodenal papilla, we performed LCE and EPT with laser light via an antegrade guide light made of fluoroplastics (patent of the Russian Federation No. 41594). Concrements from the common bile duct were removed with the Dormia basket.

Conclusions. Laser light causes less damage, reliably provides hemostasis along the incision line on the anterior wall of the major duodenal papilla; in addition, a wedged calculus in “wedged” choledocholithiasis and a fluoroplastic light guide in “valve” choledocholithiasis reliably protect the posterior wall of the major duodenal papilla from laser light damage. Laser techniques used in EPT make the treatment of choledocholithiasis in patients with ABP having anatomical and physiological problems due to the major duodenal papilla safe and effective.
Study on Flow Structure Behind Multiple Circular Cylinders in a Tandem Arrangement Under the Effect of Magnetic Field
Authors: Nur Marissa Kamarul Baharin  , Mohd Azan Mohammed Sapardi  , Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid  , Syed Noh Syed Abu Bakar
Published: November 2021

The fast-moving technologies and the increasing rate of growth population indicates that the demand for energy will continue to be spiking and prominent in the discussion of the upcoming future. Therefore, to cater to the need for sustainable and clean energy, the idea of nuclear fusion is proposed and studied. Because the nuclear fusion reaction happens at a high temperature, the concept of magnetic field is adapted to the nuclear or plasma fusion reaction. The energy will be harnessed inside a blanket module of the fusion reaction plant. However, the presence of the magnetic field affects the fluid flow inside the blanket module where it reduces the heat transfer efficiency in the channel. This research examines the flow structure behind multiple bluff bodies arranged in tandem in a channel under the influence of a magnetic field with the aim to increase the heat transfer efficiency inside the channel. The effect of gap ratio, G/h = [1-2.4] and Hartmann friction parameter, H = [0-800], were analysed to determine the critical Reynolds number and Nusselt number. It was found that the presence of the downstream cylinder with gap ratios, G/h = 1.2, 1.4 and 1.6, causes the flow to be unsteady at a lower Reynolds number compared to those of a single cylinder. The multiple cylinders proved to increase the Nusselt number. Increasing the Hartmann friction parameter increases the critical Reynolds number and decreases the Nusselt number.
Transient Free Convection Mass Transfer of Second-grade Fluid Flow with Wall Transpiration
Authors: Mohamad Alif Ismail  , Mohamad Hidayad Ahmad Kamal  , Lim Yeou Jiann  , Anati Ali  , Sharidan Shafie
Published: November 2021

The study of mass transfer in the non-Newtonian fluid is essential in understanding the engine lubrication, the cooling system of electronic devices, and the manufacturing process of the chemical industry. Optimal performance of the practical applications requires the appropriate conditions. The unsteady transient free convective flow of second-grade fluid with mass transfer and wall transpiration is concerned in the present communication. The behavior of the second-grade fluid under the influence of injection or suction is discussed. Suitable non-dimensional variables are utilized to transform the governing equations into non-dimensional governing equations. A Maple solver “pdsolve” that is using the centered implicit scheme of a finite difference method is utilized to solve the dimensionless governing equations numerically. The effects of wall injection or suction parameter, second-grade fluid viscoelastic parameter, Schmidt number, and modified Grashof number on the velocity and concentration profiles are graphically displayed and analyzed. The results show that with increasing wall suction, viscoelastic parameter, and Schmidt number, the velocity and concentration profiles decrease. Whereas, the velocity profiles show an opposite tendency in situations of wall injection. The wall suction has increased the skin friction and also the rate of mass diffusion in the second-grade fluid.
CFD Modelling of Wake-Induced Vibration At Low Reynolds Number
Authors: Muhammad Ridhwaan Hassim  , Mohd Azan Mohammed Sapardi  , Nur Marissa Kamarul Baharin  , Syed Noh Syed Abu Bakar  , Muhammad Abdullah  , Khairul Affendy Mohd Nor
Published: November 2021

Flow-induced vibration is an enthralling phenomenon in the field of engineering. Numerous studies have been conducted on converting flow kinetic energy to electrical energy using the fundamental. Wake-induced vibration is one of the configurations used to optimise the generation of electricity. The results of the study on the effect of the gap between the multiple bluff bodies will provide insight into optimising the energy harvesting process. This study focuses on fluid behaviour and response behind two circular cylinders arranged in tandem when interacting with a fluid flow at low Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 1000. The study has been done on several gap lengths between the two cylinders, between 2D and 5D. The study was carried out numerically by using OpenFOAM. At Re = 1000, it is found that the gap length of 2.5D is optimal in terms of producing the highest lift force coefficient on the downstream circular cylinder.
Study on Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Past Two Circular Cylinders in Staggered Arrangement
Authors: Nur Marissa Kamarul Baharin  , Mohd Azan Mohammed Sapardi  , Nur Nadhirah Ab Razak  , Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid  , Syed Noh Syed Abu Bakar
Published: November 2021

The fusion reactor is anticipated to be a new source of clean energy. Magnetohydrodynamic flow in the fusion blanket is expected to cause the flow to be highly stable, causing the heat transfer to be poor. Passive vortex promoter such as bluff body is one of the methods found to be has a great potential in optimizing the heat transfer. In this study, two circular cylinders in a staggered arrangement are introduced to promote vortices to enhance heat convection from a heated wall using an electrically conducting fluid under a constant magnetic field. The effect of the Hartmann friction parameter and the height differential onto the Nusselt number were examined. Modified Navier—Stokes equations known as SM82 were used using OpenFOAM to simulate the confined, quasi-two-dimensional, incompressible and laminar MHD flow past the bluff bodies. It was found that the heat transfer is better when the height differential is small.
Impact of Wind-Assisted Technologies on Resistance and Stability of Commercial Ship
Authors: Aditya Agung Haripriyono  , Yaseen Adnan Ahmed  , Mohammed Abdul Hannan
Published: November 2021

The use of fossil fuels on commercial ships significantly contributes to the increase of carbon dioxide emission, and adaptation of renewable energy can help control that emission efficiently. Historically, the extraction of wind energy is found to be the best renewable energy solution for commercial ships; and recently, with renewed interest in this area, various wind energy extraction devices are proposed in the literature. This study investigates the effectiveness of one such technology, wing-sail, on a tanker ship. The NACA 4412 series is adopted to design the sail in this regard, and a fowler flap is added to aid the sail in low wind speed. ANSYS Fluent is used to carry out this CFD simulation-based study. The effects of onboard wing-sails under various apparent wind angles, wind speeds, and wing-sail orientations have been examined. The impact of wing-sail on the stability of the ship is also analyzed. It is concluded that the ship can save fuel and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 1.8% to 2.4% while using the wing-sail with the aid of a fowler flap. Also, this combination of wing-sail with the fowler flap is found to be the best in providing extra thrust for commercial ships without significantly sacrificing its stability.
Factors Related to Adolescent Smoking: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand
Authors: Suwanwong Charin , Kalapat Romtawan , Pitayarangsarit Siriwan , Chaiyasong Surasak
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aimed to explore the individual, familial, and social factors associated with different smoking status in Thai adolescents from the 2017 Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behavior Survey (CSAD)
Methods: The nationally representative sample of 6046 adolescents aged 15-19 years who took part in the 2017 CSAD in Thailand. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between the individual, familial, and social factors and different smoking status.  
Results: The daily smoking and occasional smoking was 6.4% and 3.3%, respectively. Gender, alcohol use, substance use, attitudes toward smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, anti-smoking social media campaign, and graphic warning labels were related to both daily and occasional smoking. Daily smoking was associated with exposure to secondhand smoke at school, restaurant, and public transport, and exposure to tobacco advertising.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that smoking prevention intervention should particularly focus on these factors and also need to develop the anti-smoking policies for smoking prevention among adolescents.
Egypt Family Planning Method Mix Indicates Shifting toward Hormonal Contraceptives
Authors: Wahby Ghada , Sabry Hend , Abdel-Razik Madiha , Salem Marwa Rashad , EL Aguizy Fayrouz
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: The study is of practical importance for policy makers and family planning (FP) program managers as the profile of FP method-mix with a shift from a mechanical method as intrauterine devices (IUD) to hormonal methods such as oral contraceptives (OCs) and injectables predicts a critical situation for maternal and child health and reflects shortcomings in FP service delivery program.

AIM: The purpose of the current study was to identify reasons for the progressive shift from IUD to OCs in Egypt.

METHODS: The study is an-operations research conducted at four levels of the Ministry of Health and Population/FP (MOHP/FP) service delivery: Central (headquarter, HQ), governorate, district, and service delivery points. It included five of MOHP/United Nations Fund for Population Activities-Contraceptive Security Project governorates that represent, urban governorates, Lower Egypt, and Upper Egypt. Both qualitative data in-depth interviews with MOHP/HQ staff, Two Focus Group Discussions with FP Health Directorates staff and nurses in the five governorates, and quantitative data through a self-administered questionnaire for 607 service providers (SP).

RESULTS: There was a consensus on the actual shift from IUD to OCs use. Reasons were the absence of incentives for healthcare providers for IUD insertion services (64%) and improper training of physicians (45%), and the availability of OCs all time.

CONCLUSION: The three articulating issues that lead to shifting from IUD to OCs are: Unsatisfactory training and incentive systems for SPs and the clients’ choice of OCs for independent use/autonomy, and availability of OCs all the times at a reasonable cost in both the public and private sectors.
Correlation Learning Style with Grade Point Average Fourth Year Medical Student
Authors: Akbar Resti Rahmadika , Nasution Elvinas Sari
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Learning achievement is an important indicator to determine the learning and teaching process, each student has a different learning style. Student learning learns how they choose the suitable method and the results obtained optimally. A student must also learn their learning styles to choose methods or ways of learning that are appropriate to their character.
AIM: Knowing the relationship between learning style and cumulative Grade Point Average (GPA) of 4th-year students at the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Baiturrahmah.
METHODS: The scope of this research covers the fields of medical science, especially medical education, correlative analytical research with cross-sectional design. The study was conducted at the Medical Faculty Universitas Baiturrahma. The study was conducted from May to January 2019. The affordable population in this study were 4th-year students numbered 80 students with the Simple Random Sampling technique. Data analysis was univariately presented in the form of a frequency distribution table and bivariate analysis using the correlation test using the SPSS program.
RESULTS: At most with female gender, namely (71.3%), the highest place is at most boarding, namely (77.5%), most have quad-model learning styles, namely (80%), most have a GPA graduated that is (61.3%), there is a relationship between the learning style and the GPA of 4th-year medical students with a value of p = 0.024 (p < 0.05) and r = 0.0253.
CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the 4th-year medical students have the most female sex, the most places to live are boarding, quad-model learning style, and there is a correlation between learning styles and the 4th year GPA Medicine at Universitas Baiturrahmah.
Au-delà du lobbying : réflexions sur l’appropriation privée du capital bureaucratique
Authors: Laurens Sylvain
Published: November 2021

De nombreux travaux de sciences sociales ont apporté leur pierre à la compréhension du lobbying et convergent pour pointer le caractère insaisissable de la notion d’influence. En repartant de la notion de capital bureaucratique, cet article propose de considérer le lobbying comme une des modalités par lesquelles les entreprises tentent d’orienter à leur profit la production administrative des rationalités économiques. L’appropriation par les entreprises à la fois d’une connaissance de l’administration et de ressources bureaucratiques diverses joue un rôle central dans la construction d’alliances politiques et la confortation de leur position dans le champ économique.
The rise of corporate rights in the United States
Authors: Winkler Adam
Published: November 2021

Le pouvoir politique des entreprises se développe et s’entretient par différents biais, en particulier le lobbying et l’intervention directe dans l’arène politique. Mais aux États-Unis, les entreprises ont aussi accru leur pouvoir par l’intermédiaire de décisions de justice qui leur ont octroyé les mêmes droits qu’aux personnes physiques. Cet article analyse le processus, long de deux siècles, par lequel les entreprises ont mené des batailles victorieuses pour obtenir les droits individuels garantis par la Constitution. L’un des succès les plus importants des entreprises tient à l’obtention de la protection du 14e amendement, adopté à l’origine après la guerre de Sécession pour protéger les anciens esclaves, mais qui, au début du XX e  siècle, a fini par être surtout utilisé dans des procès ayant trait aux droits des entreprises. De l’égale protection devant la loi à la liberté d’expression, les droits civiques des entreprises n’ont cessé de progresser, et l’article contribue à la réflexion à propos de la meilleure manière de définir ces droits.
La construction de l’entreprise comme acteur politique de 1945 à nos jours
Authors: Lefebvre Philippe
Published: November 2021

L’idée fortement prisée aujourd’hui que l’entreprise soit un acteur politique est loin d’être nouvelle. La question est de savoir si ce rôle politique est le même aujourd’hui qu’autrefois, ou s’il a changé avec le temps. Pour y répondre, l’article analyse comment cette question a été construite comme objet d’étude à différentes périodes. De 1945 aux années 1970, largement à l’aune des rapports de classe en France, l’entreprise est analysée, aux Etats-Unis notamment, comme exerçant une influence sur les décisions politiques, sans qu’elle ait à agir elle-même : les liens multiples entre élites suffisent à la capture des décisions politiques. Des années 1970 aux années 2000, la contestation dont sont l’objet les entreprises les conduit à développer des activités nouvelles, étudiées par trois courants, pluridisciplinaires : activité politique des entreprises ( corporate political activity ), responsabilité sociale des entreprises ( corporate social responsibility ), stratégie hors-marché des entreprises ( non-market strategy ). Dans ce contexte, ce qu’on appelle politique, c’est essentiellement la partie émergée du politique : élections, décisions législatives, etc. Depuis le début des années 2000, de nouveaux enjeux ont conduit à de nouvelles théorisations (RSE politique, théorie de l’entreprise) qui voient désormais dans l’action politique une dimension centrale pour les entreprises : volontairement ou non, elles ont des impacts majeurs sur la vie des sociétés, ce sont donc des acteurs politiques de premier plan. Le politique, ici, c’est tout ce qui intéresse la vie de la Cité. Sur ces bases, l’article conclut en soulignant ce qu’il appelle « le double processus de construction politique des entreprises ».
« Une autre loi que celle de l’État ». Modalités politiques de la résistance des compagnies ferroviaires à la régulation publique (Wisconsin, années 1870)
Authors: Blin Alexia
Published: November 2021

Les années 1870 aux États-Unis correspondent à une période de vifs débats sur le pouvoir des entreprises de chemin de fer, et les tentatives de régulation se multiplient, en particulier dans un premier temps à l’échelle des États. L’article s’arrête sur le cas de la loi Potter, votée dans le Wisconsin en 1874, qui déclenche une violente controverse entre les représentants des compagnies de chemin de fer et ceux de l’État. Cette controverse nous renseigne sur la place qu’occupent ces entreprises dans l’arène politique. En contestant la légitimité de l’État à réguler les tarifs pratiqués par les chemins de fer, les managers des entreprises entendent appliquer « une autre loi que celle de l’État ». Ce faisant, ils font apparaître des discordances sur l’origine (politique ou non) de ces grandes entreprises. Ils ouvrent également le débat sur la question du pouvoir et de la politique au sein de l’entreprise, et se posent même en concurrents directs de l’État, en refusant purement et simplement d’appliquer la loi. Alors que ces dirigeants cherchent, par leurs discours, à faire des entreprises des acteurs purement économiques, l’analyse de la controverse montre bien leur caractère politique à cette période.
La transition énergétique accélérée : le nouveau pari des GAFAM
Authors: Lelièvre Mathias
Published: November 2021

Et si l’alliance des technologies numériques et énergétiques permettait de tenir les objectifs de l’accord de Paris dix ans plus tôt qu’espéré ? C’est l’engagement d’Amazon, Coca-Cola, Unilever, Microsoft, Netflix et d’autres entreprises, qui se lancent dans une transition énergétique accélérée et l’envisagent comme un élément clé de leur performance future. ENGIE Impact est devenue le partenaire de la transformation de nombreux acteurs de la tech, en s’appuyant, notamment, sur les expertises du Groupe, sur tous les continents.
Une comparaison des politiques publiques chinoises et européennes sur le véhicule électrique
Authors: Alochet Marc , Midler Christophe
Published: November 2021

Le déploiement du véhicule électrique est un exemple emblématique de l’importance de la régulation publique sur la trajectoire de l’innovation. Une comparaison entre les cas européens et chinois permettra de confronter deux approches pour mobiliser le secteur de l’automobile sur les enjeux de la réduction des émissions de CO 2 , toutes deux volontaristes, mais très différentes dans leur philosophie et leur mise en œuvre. Une forme d’intervention publique plus compatible avec la spécificité du management de l’innovation est-elle possible ?
La souveraineté retrouvée : le credo du trublion du cloud computing
Authors: Paulin Michel
Published: November 2021

OVHcloud, seul acteur européen du cloud ayant réussi à se hisser dans le top 10 mondial, s’est engagé depuis longtemps dans la construction patiente d’un écosystème numérique promouvant la transparence et la simplicité. Pour Michel Paulin, la souveraineté ne relève pas d’un discours lyrique appelant au retour d’un monde protecteur fermé sur lui-même, mais d’une réalité bien plus concrète : est-on maître de son propre destin ? Cette question devrait guider tout projet de transformation numérique.
La logistique, un impensé de la politique en France ?
Authors: Livolsi Laurent , Rouquet Aurélien
Published: November 2021

Alors que la logistique devrait être intégrée très en amont dans l’élaboration des stratégies, l’État la perçoit comme une simple fonction d’exécution. La France pèche également par une insuffisante coordination des acteurs publics et privés de la logistique, tout comme des instances de décision centrales et des échelons locaux. La logistique est pourtant un levier déterminant de la dynamisation économique des territoires, de la compétitivité des entreprises et de la réponse aux enjeux environnementaux.
Multifocal sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvicalyceal system and ureter
Authors: Nangia Anita , Sehgal Shivali
Published: November 2021

Sarcomatoid urothelial carcinomas (SUCs) are characterized by intimately mixed malignant epithelial and malignant mesenchymal components. We present a case of a multifocal SUC in the left pelvicalyceal system of the kidney and the left ureter. SUC although rare should be included in the differential diagnosis of multifocal tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter. Immunohistochemistry is essential to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other differentials including pure sarcoma, sarcomatoid variant of renal cell carcinoma, and pseudosarcomatous mesenchymal proliferation.
A prospective comparative study of pull-out suture technique versus modified Kessler technique in flexor tendon repair for Zone I and distal Zone II injuries
Authors: Pebam Manisana Singh , Singh Akoijam Ibohal , Das Saugat , Singh Laishram Oken , Sinam Nehar , Singh Sanjib Nepram
Published: November 2021

Background:

Injuries to the hand are common, and poor functional outcomes can have significant long-term consequences affecting both work and social activities. Good outcomes following flexor tendon lacerations in hand are dependent on a sound surgical repair allowing early active mobilization.

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of Zone I and distal Zone II flexor tendon repair using pull-out suture technique with two-strand modified Kessler method.

Materials and Methods:

This hospital-based prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital setup in Manipur for 2 years' duration from November 2018 to November 2020. The study was conducted on 26 patients with a total of 30 injured digits, which were then divided into two equal groups of cases and control. Group A included study cases and were treated with pull-out suture technique. Group B included 15 control cases and were treated with modified Kessler technique. Comparison was done between the two different techniques based on patient variables and outcome measured with total active motion (TAM) evaluation system of the American Society for Surgery of Hands.

Statistical Analysis:

Data collected were entered into the SPSS version 16. Descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics of both study and control groups was done. The final analysis was done using the Chi-square test and SPSS version 16. P < 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:

In our comparative study, at the 3-month follow-up range of motion was measured and TAM was calculated. Among case group, 2 (13%) belonged to good and 13 (87%) belonged to fair category, whereas among control group, 2 (13%) belonged to good and 1 poor category, and 12 (80%) belonged to fair category. About 50%–75% of functional recovery by 3 months was obtained in 80% of the cases and 73% of the control group.

Conclusion:

The pull-out suture technique is a good option for the management of Zone I and distal Zone II flexor tendon injuries.
Locking plate fixation for unstable proximal humerus fracture
Authors: Regis Prem , Moirangthem Victor
Published: November 2021

Background:

Unstable fractures of the proximal humerus represent a surgical challenge despite the wide range of treatment options available. The proximal humerus locking plate is a good surgical option in the management of unstable proximal humerus fractures.

Aim:

The purpose of this study is to determine whether locking plate fixation in the treatment of displaced and unstable proximal humerus fractures leads to a good functional outcome.

Settings and Design:

Medical school hospital, observational study.

Subjects and Methods:

Thirty-two patients with unstable proximal humerus fractures treated with proximal humerus locking plate between November 2017 and March 2019 were included in the study. The fractures were classified based on the Neer's classification into two-, three-, and four-part fractures. The minimum follow-up was 1 year. The Constant–Murley scoring system was used for functional assessment. Constant scores for two-, three-, and four-part fractures were determined and compared with respect to the age, gender, handedness, and occupation of the study participants.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Chi-square test was applied for discrete variables and one-way ANOVA was used to compare between the three fracture types. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:

Fourteen patients had two-part fractures, 13 patients had three-part fractures, and 3 patients had four-part fractures. The mean follow-up period was 17.5 months (range: 12–24 months). About 65.6% (n = 21) patients had good result, 31.3% (n = 10) had fair, and 3.1% (n = 1) had poor result. Constant scores for 2-part (84.14 ± 2.98) and 3-part fractures (82.15 ± 3.78) were significantly superior to those of 4-part fractures (72.80 ± 3.63) (P = 0.000 and 0.000, respectively). Difference between 2-part and 3-part fractures was not significant (P = 0.142). There was no significant difference in the functional outcome between patients who were employed and unemployed, right and left handed. Complications include stiffness in 6.3% (n = 2) and infection in 3.1% (n = 1) of cases.

Conclusion:

Proximal humerus locking plate gives stable fixation for 2-part and 3-part fractures. However, in case of Neer's 4 part-fractures, the functional outcome is relatively poor.
Clinicomycological study of Candida isolates in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Mishra Shibani , Subramanian Anitha , Kindo Anupma Jyoti
Published: November 2021

Background:

Candida infection is on the rise with an increasing number of nonalbicans species. Therefore, the need to speciate Candida rapidly and accurately is of the utmost importance. The purpose of this study was to speciate Candida using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), to analyze the correlation of the isolates with the clinical condition, and to study the outcome of the patient.

Materials and Methods:

PCR-RFLP using universal primers ITS1 and ITS4 was done to speciate all isolates of Candida; patient details were collected to analyze the clinical condition and the outcome of the patient.

Results:

The most common species of Candida isolated was Candida tropicalis 14 (56%) followed by Candida albicans 5 (20%), Candida auris 3 (14%), Candida parapsilosis 1 (4%), Candida orthopsilosis 1 (4%), and Candida kefyr 1 (4%). Majority of the samples that were collected were urine samples 15 (60%). The average duration of hospital stay was found to be 13.8 days. A number of underlying risk factors were present such as patients with diabetes, sepsis, malignancy, covid19 infection, surgical patients, preterm patients, elderly patients, and patients on long-term steroids.

Conclusion:

Candidemia is on the rise nowadays with nonalbicans species responsible for the majority of the infections. Since the outcome of the patient depends on rapid diagnosis and prompt initiation of antifungal agents PCR-RFLP proves to be a rapid and reliable test to identify most of the prevailing species of Candida.
Crossed testicular ectopia
Authors: Ganguly Puja , Halder Pankaj , Chakraborty Partha , Mandal Kartik Chandra
Published: November 2021

The term “crossed testicular ectopia” (CTE) means the deviation from the normal path of descent resulting in unilaterality of both testes. The condition is mostly detected incidentally during repair of inguinal hernia or laparoscopic evaluation of impalpable undescended testis. Preoperative identification of this anomaly is feasible during the clinicoradiological evaluation of the genito-urinary abnormalities. Orchiopexy (transeptal/extraperitoneal transposition/laparoscopy-assisted) is the mode of surgical management. We present here two cases of CTE where laparoscopy-assisted trans-inguinal orchiopexy was done.
Successful treatment of bilateral renal artery stenosis in a patient presenting with acute kidney injury
Authors: Potsangbam Guliver , Thangjam Gautam , Kumar Sharma Gurumayum Suman , Rajkumari Nongdrembi , Laishram Sumidra
Published: November 2021

A common causes of secondary hypertension is renal artery stenosis (RAS), of which the vast majority are caused by atherosclerosis. Since angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are one of the most commonly used antihypertensives, their use may precipitate acute kidney injury in patients who have an underlying bilateral renal artery stenosis. In this case report, a female patient with bilateral severe ostial stenosis of the renal arteries developed acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy. Post angioplasty and stenting of the bilateral renal arteries, the patient made a complete renal recovery.
Точные спиновые состояния и аналитические формулы для неравновесного спинового транспорта в одномерной цепочке с тремя узлами со взаимодействующими электронами
Authors: Zheng Yangdong
Published: November 2021

Представлен аналитический вывод точных выражений для спиновых состояний и характеристик неравновесного спинового транспорта в типичной одномерной квантовой цепочке с тремя узлами. Из полученного выражения для основного состояния в предположении о половинном заполнении узлов цепочки найдены начальные заряды электронов со спинами вверх и вниз в каждом узле. На основе формализма Келдыша в приближении Хартри-Фока выведены некоторые аналитические формулы для дифференциальной спиновой проводимости, тока спинового переноса и распределения спинового заряда электронов в модели с кулоновским взаимодействием. Учитываются процессы рассеяния, включая кулоновское отталкивание электронов со спинами вверх и вниз, а также спин-спиновые взаимодействия, обусловленные наличием спиновых степеней свободы. Представлены результаты численных расчетов характеристик неравновесного спинового транспорта для некоторых частных значений параметров.
Анализ гомотетичных векторных полей в локально вращательно-симметричных пространствах-временах типа Бьянки-I с использованием метода редуцированной инволютивной формы
Authors: Nasib Uzma , Hussain Tahir , Bokhari Ashfaque H
Published: November 2021

Для изучения гомотетичных векторных полей в локально вращательно-симметричных пространствах-временах типа Бьянки-I применяется новый подход, основанный на алгоритме дерева Rif. Полученные результаты сравниваются с результатами прямого интегрирования. Обнаружено, что подход дерева Rif позволяет найти некоторые новые физически реалистичные метрики, допускающие гомотетичные векторные поля, которые нельзя получить прямым интегрированием. Вычисляются тензоры энергии-импульса, и на основе их анализа и сопоставления параметров метрик с различными энергетическими условиями обсуждается физический смысл полученных метрик.
A Critical Investigation into the Role of Widows in Early Church Life
Authors: Nicolaides Angelo
Published: November 2021

A critical question to be asked in the modern world is whether or not women should have leadership roles in churches. Saint Paul teaches us that we should have a vision of a church that is unified and which embraces diversity. When he discusses the various gifts of grace within the church in Ephesians (4:11), he is by no means suggesting that the roles of the gifted are linked to gender. It is however also clear from the holy scriptures that no woman was selected to be an apostle. Nonetheless, the Eastern Orthodox Church recognizes that there were a number of woman who were equal in status to the apostles, inter-alia, Saint Helena and Saint Mary Magdalene. In the Graeco-Roman world of New Testament Palestine, religion operated in a highly paternalistic and patriarchal society in which there was often much debate on issues of sexuality and the belief that women per se were not suitable to serve in ecclesial roles was commonplace. When it came to widows however, they enjoyed somewhat of a special status and were able to serve in a particular manner which was deemed to be acceptable. The widows in the early Church provide a thought-provoking Christian character, which springs from their innate desire to do good deeds and from their austere practices that point to solid Christian discipleship even though they functioned honorifically. This article investigates what the Didascalia Apostolorum has to say concerning the status and function of widows in early church life. The Order of Widows which existed in the early Church decayed in importance at the advent of the fourth century, as numerous of its functions were adopted by deaconesses. If we accept that human beings have natures which are created in the imageo Dei, then women are invariably equal in their humanity to men. Why is it then that they are precluded from serving as priests or other ecclesial orders in various denominations? A historical-critical methodology was employed in this brief study making use of literature emanating from academic journals, theological books, early church documents and a range of online sources. This article hopefully enables the reader to develop a great understanding of early Christian widows as consecrated women, serving the Church and God.
Ubuntu: A countermeasure for challenges of child-rearing
Authors: Mokhutso Rev. Jacob
Published: November 2021

The research examines the contributions of the African Indigenous Knowledge System and, more precisely, the African traditional philosophy of community or Ubuntu as a countermeasure against the challenges of child-rearing in a changing society. The research contends that Ubuntu has a sagacity from which the world can learn lessons to combat the challenges of child-rearing in a changing society. Challenges named above are mainly due to society becoming more modernized, and individualistic thereby neglecting African ways of child rearing. This is the case with urbanization whereby many people move to urban places for economic prospects. Another challenge is that of family decay worldwide, where there’s an increase in a number of single
parenting due to a number of factors. Some of those factors are due to the high divorce rate, the death of a partner etc. The author argues that Ubuntu can contribute to offering helpful solutions to the challenges under study. The research utilises the secondary research or desk research methodology. The results show that Ubuntu is a likely good countermeasure against the myriad of challenges in child-rearing worldwide. The research concludes that the utilisation of this African philosophy may be extremely valuable in contributing supportively to the many challenges of childrearing faced by people worldwide.
Tarihi Türk Lehçeleri ve Türkiye Türkçesinde Seslerin Kullanım Sıklığı
Authors: KÖROĞLU Rumeysa
Published: November 2021

Türk dili, dünyada yaşayan en eski diller arasında yer almaktadır. Türk dilinin yazılı belgelerle takibi Orhun Yazıtları ile 8. yüzyılda başlamıştır. Sonraki yüzyıllarda Türk milletinin farklı coğrafyalara dağılmasıyla Türk dili de yayılma, değişme ve gelişme göstermiştir. Bu yayılım süresince ünlü ve ünsüz seslerin her dönemde kelime başı, kelime içi ve kelime sonunda kullanımları ve kullanım oranlarında değişiklikler olmuştur. Gökçen Durukoğlu, Köktürk Türkçesi, Uygur Türkçesi, Karahanlı Türkçesi, Harezm Türkçesi, Kıpçak Türkçesi, Çağatay Türkçesi, Eski Oğuz Türkçesi, Osmanlı Türkçesi ve Türkiye Türkçesi dâhil olmak üzere Türkçenin ilk yazılı belgelerinin bulunduğu 8. yüzyıldan günümüze kadar olan dokuz dönemde belirlediği eserleri inceleyerek ünlü ve ünsüz seslerin kullanım sıklığını belirtmiştir. Toplamda 8971 kelime, kök, ek ayrımı yapılmadan metin içerisinde tekrar eden kelimeler tekrar sayılarınca esere dâhil edilmiştir. Seslerin kullanım sıklığı dönemler arasında karşılaştırılmış, grafikler ve yüzde oranlarıyla da gösterilmiştir. Bugüne kadar ünlü ve ünsüzlerle ilgili araştırmacılar tarafından birçok tanım yapılmış, görüş ortaya atılmış, çeşitli tez ve makale çalışmaları yürütülmüştür; fakat şimdiye kadar bu seslerin oranlarını dönemlere göre kelime başı, kelime içi ve kelime sonunda tespit eden benzer bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır.
Dynamic Iteration Method: New Approach to Cultural Events Management
Authors: Svirakova Eva
Published: November 2021

This article provides project managers, the cultural events organizers, a new approach to plan preparation and to the monitoring of events realization. The Dynamic Iteration Method introduced in this article is based on the system dynamic modelling and on the principles of project iterative development. The plan model and the reality model are structurally similar; they differ in values of exogenous variables. The new approach enables to easily monitor the real project course in close connection with the plan and to take timely controlling steps. The effects resulting from the manager´s decisionmaking process are compared with the plan in regular iterations. The method thus reminds of a traveller whose route is adjusted by a GPS navigation system.
Reconstruction of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Image in Sinogram Space
Authors: A. Omer Osama
Published: November 2021

An important part of any computed tomography (CT) system is the reconstruction method, which transforms the measured data into images. Reconstruction methods for CT can be either analytical or iterative. The analytical methods can be exact, by exact projector inversion, or non-exact based on Back projection (BP). The BP methods are attractive because of thier simplicity and low computational cost. But they produce suboptimal images with respect to artifacts, resolution, and noise. This paper deals with improve of the image quality of BP by using super-resolution technique. Super-resolution can be beneficial in improving the image quality of many medical imaging systems without the need for significant hardware alternation. In this paper, we propose to reconstruct a high-resolution image from the measured signals in Sinogram space instead of reconstructing low-resolution images and then post-process these images to get higher resolution image.