bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mercado editorial brasileiro
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Reimão Sandra
Published: November 2018

Tendo como pressuposto inicial a afirmação de que o ato de compra de um livro indica uma demanda cultural por parte do comprador ou do potencial leitor, e assumindo a correlata afirmação de que os títulos mais difundidos em determinada sociedade em dada época podem indicar suas dominantes culturais, o livro Mercado Editorial Brasileiro analisa os livros de autores nacionais mais vendidos no Brasil nas décadas de 1960, 1970 e 1980. Para traçar as linhas gerais do perfil temático das escolhas voluntárias de aquisição de livros de 1960 a 1990 o trabalho utiliza três instrumentos: 1) dados quantitativos gerais sobre o mercado editorial brasileiro; 2) listagens anuais de livros mais vendidos publicadas em jornais e revistas- utilizados como vagos indicadores das temáticas e preocupações dominantes no setor da população que tem acesso a livro; 3) dados históricos e conjunturais que ajudam a esclarecer os dados de vendagem. O resultado é uma abordagem analítica das preferências dos leitores e suas correlações com os contextos social, político e cultural do pais entre 1960 e 1990.
The Provenance of Early Chinese Records of Large Solar Eclipses and the Determination of the Earth’s Rotation
Authors: Stephenson F. Richard , Morrison Leslie V. , Hohenkerk Catherine Y.
Published: November 2018

An analysis of the tracks of total and annular solar eclipses crossing China reveals that most of the reports of such eclipses in the treatises in the dynastic histories from 206  bc to ad 1368 were very probably recorded at the capital by the court astronomers. Some of the reports in the annals, on the other hand, could only have been based on observation if they originated from outside the capital, and in some cases from remote regions of China. Particular attention is paid to the eclipse of ad 454, which has importance for delineating the behaviour of the Earth’s rotation parameter ∆T.
A Comparison of Chinese and Indian Solar Theories in the Sui and Early Tang Periods (Seventh–Eighth Centuries c.e.)
Authors: Tang Quan , Qu Anjing
Published: November 2018

The Sovereign Pole System ( Huang ji li 皇極曆, a.d. 600) is the first Chinese astronomical system to include a solar equation table for calculating the motion of the Sun. From then on, each Chinese system took the solar equation of centre into consideration. Some scholars have argued that Chinese solar theory in the Sui and Tang dynasties was developed independently by Chinese astronomers. However, other scholars have speculated that this theory was ultimately influenced by Babylonian astronomy, through the medium of Indian astronomy. In this paper, we compare Chinese solar theory in the Sui and early Tang periods with Indian solar theory in the sixth century. First, we discuss the content, meaning, and accuracy of the solar equation tables in the Sovereign Pole System, the Great Patrimony System ( Da ye li 大業曆, a.d. 607), and the Great Expansion System ( Dan yan li 大衍曆, a.d. 727), three representative Chinese systems of the Sui and early Tang periods. Then, we discuss the speed of the Sun, the accuracy of the solar equation of centre, and the difference between the motions of the true Sun and mean Sun in the Vāsiṣṭha Siddhānta, Pauliśa Siddhānta, and Romaka Siddhānta, three Indian astronomical works collected in the Pañcasiddhāntikā in the sixth century. Finally, we discuss the similarities and differences between Indian and Chinese solar theories in the Sui and early Tang periods. The results show that while Chinese solar theory in the Sui and early Tang periods was very similar to Indian solar theory in the sixth century, Indian astronomers had a more sophisticated view of solar theory than their Chinese contemporaries, both in relation to the difference between the mean Sun and true Sun and in the selection of the longitude of perigee of the Sun. At the same time, we must note that the influence of Indian solar theory on Chinese solar theory was very limited, even if Chinese solar theory in the Sui and Tang dynasties was possibly influenced by Indian solar theory.
Length of Hair Affects P1 and N170 Latencies for Perception of Women's Faces
Authors: Tanaka Hideaki
Published: November 2018

This study investigated the relationship between length of hair in facial stimuli and latency and amplitude of the P1 and N170 components of event-related potentials during facial perception. Electroencephalography was recorded from 21 Japanese participants (four men, 17 women) who were shown pictures of faces with one of three lengths of hair: long, medium length, or short. In addition, we used both fixed-size and variable-size blocks. In fixed-size blocks, the three types of stimuli were matched to have the same overall size; in variable-size blocks, long hair stimuli were the biggest, medium length hair stimuli were medium sized, and short hair stimuli were the smallest. We analyzed P1 latency and amplitude using two-way (6 × 2) repeated-measures analysis of variance over length of hair and electrode; N170 latency and amplitude were analyzed using three-way (6 × 2 × 2) repeated-measures analysis of variance over length of hair, hemisphere, and electrode. The latency of P1 to faces with short hair in variable-size blocks was significantly longer than that to the other five stimulus types ( p < .01 for four of the other types; p = .083 for medium length hair in variable-size blocks). The latency of N170 to faces with long hair in variable-size blocks was significantly shorter than that to faces with medium length hair and short hair in variable-size blocks ( p = .026 and p = .086, respectively). These results indicate that length of hair influenced P1 and N170 latency, supporting the notion that length of hair is a significant external facial feature. Because long hair attracted participants' attention, there was early perceptual processing of this feature. In contrast, because short hair did not attract attention, perceptual processing of this feature was late.
MOBAK 1 Assessment in Primary Physical Education: Exploring Basic Motor Competences of Portuguese 6-Year-Olds
Authors: Quitério Ana , Martins João , Onofre Marcos , Costa João , Mota Rodrigues João , Gerlach Erin , Scheur Claude , Herrmann Christian
Published: November 2018

Children’s motor competence is known to have a determinant role in learning and engaging later in complex motor skills and, thus, in physical activity. The development of adequate motor competence is a central aim of physical education, and assuring that pupils are learning and developing motor competence depends on accurate assessment protocols. The MOBAK 1 test battery is a recent instrument developed to assess motor competence in primary physical education. This study used the MOBAK 1 to explore motor competence levels and gender differences among 249 ( Mage = 6.3, SD = 0.5 years; 127 girls and 122 boys) Grade 1 primary school Portuguese children. On independent sample t tests, boys presented higher object movement motor competence than girls (boys: M = 5.8, SD = 1.7; girls: M = 4.0, SD = 1.7; p < .001), while girls were more proficient among self-movement skills (girls: M = 5.1, SD = 1.8; boys: M = 4.3, SD = 1.7; p < .01). On “total motor competence,” boys ( M = 10.3, SD = 2.6) averaged one point ahead of girls ( M = 9.1, SD = 2.9). The percentage of girls in the first quartile of object movement was 18.9%, while, for “self movement,” the percentage of boys in the first quartile was almost double that of girls (30.3% and 17.3%, respectively). The confirmatory model to test for construct validity confirmed the assumed theoretical two-factor structure of MOBAK 1 test items in this Portuguese sample. These results support the MOBAK 1 instrument for assessing motor competence and highlighted gender differences, of relevance to intervention efforts.
The role of feedback in building design 1980–2018 and onwards
Authors: Clements-Croome Derek
Published: November 2018

This is a paper updating the paper I wrote on this topic for BSERT in issue 1 volume 1 in 1980. The original paper set out the causes of failure in building design as being due to various issues such as an inadequate brief, lack of data, poor communication, inadequate analysis or synthesis, quirks of human behaviour which could all contribute. Systematic appraisal – now referred to as post-occupancy evaluation – of buildings in use provides feedback which helps us to understand why theory and practice do not always agree and also gives evidence for improved building economics. It concluded that we have to involve users more in the design of buildings, and for the next generations, we need a much broader based education of building designers. This paper continues the theme by considering the latest methods of measurement and assessment which provide feedback data for sustainability but focusing more on health and wellbeing rating assessments.

Practical application: Our professions need more interaction across sectors and to foster a transdisciplinary approach. This means more communication with other professional kinsmen from the health and wellbeing sectors in order to make valuable interventions in the building design process. This paper updates the 1980 paper from the first edition of BSER&T that sets out the causes of failure in building design as being due to various issues such as an inadequate brief, lack of data, poor communication, inadequate analysis or synthesis, quirks of human behaviour which could all contribute. The paper determines that the need for feedback in order to improve building performance and provide data to develop existing guidelines, codes and standards is as valid now as it was in 1980 but the way we do this has changed.
The Temporal Dimension of System Justification: Gender Ideology Over the Course of the 2016 Election
Authors: Miller Andrea L. , Borgida Eugene
Published: November 2018

Although psychological science has documented individual and situational factors that affect the process of system justification, the temporal dimension of system justification has not been systematically examined. This study used the 2016 U.S. presidential election as a naturalistic setting in which to test for the existence of a temporal dimension. We propose that the potential for a Clinton victory represented a system threat for individuals who supported traditional gender roles, and the approaching election provided a mechanism for measuring the effect of the temporal proximity of the system-threatening event. The results show that gender role ideology played a substantial role in decision-making during the 2016 election, and they support the existence of a temporal dimension of system justification. Participants who began the study with a stronger gender-system justification motive exhibited greater changes in their psychological responses to Clinton over time and greater sensitivity to the temporal proximity of the election.
Lived Experiences of Childfree Lesbians in the United Kingdom: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Clarke Victoria , Hayfield Nikki , Ellis Sonja J. , Terry Gareth
Published: November 2018

Evidence suggests that most lesbians remain childless, but little is known about the childfree lesbian experience. The current study qualitatively explores the experiences of five childfree lesbians. The results show that even for a group for which childlessness is arguably still presumed, it remains socially difficult to articulate a desire to remain childfree. The women presented their childfreedom as both essential and politically and biographically motivated. Being lesbian and childfree was framed as different from being heterosexual and childfree—discourses and practices of “families of choice” and “co-independence” in intimate partnerships provided a way of “doing” family outside of dominant, heteronormative expectations. Concurrently, the greater visibility of lesbian parenting had resulted in the unwelcome imposition of heteronormative expectations. The results raise questions about the normalizing effects of the legal recognition of same-sex marriage and queer parenthood on the lives of lesbian women, and other queers, who choose to remain childfree.
More Natural Does Not Equal More Normal: Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People’s Views About Different Pathways to Parenthood
Authors: Pralat Robert
Published: November 2018

Heterosexual reproduction is often seen as normal and natural, with the two descriptors commonly understood as mutually reinforcing. I argue that, despite their apparent similarity, the meanings of “normal” and “natural” are distinct in important ways—a distinction that questions the positioning of lesbian motherhood and gay fatherhood as inferior. Through an analysis of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people’s ethical judgments about different ways of creating families, I show that pathways to parenthood that make a family appear “more normal” rely on means of reproduction that seem, in fact, “less natural.” Conversely, reproductive possibilities seen as “more organic” create families that depart more substantially from the cultural norm of the nuclear family. As a result of this tension, different pathways to parenthood can be justified as being “in children’s best interests.” However, while this children-centered justification can be flexibly applied, it also has contradictory meanings.
The Heterogeneity of Family: Responses to Representational Invisibility by LGBTQ Parents
Authors: Reed Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

This article draws on qualitative research data collected in semistructured interviews conducted during 2013 and 2014 with 30 lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) parents living in England and Scotland. It explores how LGBTQ parents respond to media representations of families like theirs and build narratives of family identity from limited cultural resources. Media, encompassing a range of cultural representational resources, including advertisements, television shows, books, and films, produces specific knowledges about LGBTQ families. Participants argued that popular entertainment media (including Modern Family) offered a limited range of representations of LGBTQ parents and concretized knowledge about the shape of families. I argue that available representations fail to acknowledge the diversity of non-heterosexual family forms and that this representational gap results in sociocultural invisibility. I explore the responses LGBTQ parents had to such gaps and how they negotiated or rejected representational meanings in order to consolidate new narratives of family.
Maps of Family Relationships Drawn by Women Engaged in Bisexual Motherhood: Defining Family Membership
Authors: Tasker Fiona , Delvoye Marie
Published: November 2018

Family building by bisexual mothers is a neglected area of research, yet this is an important aspect of life course development that may reciprocally influence the sexual identity development of bisexual women and family processes around parenting. Family map drawings (genograms) and interview data were collected from eight cisgender women from the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland who spoke about their bisexual parenting experience and family relationships. Thematic narrative analysis indicates that participants depict both heteronormative (traditional) extended kinship networks (radiating out from a family core centering on them and their children) and family of choice network features. Nonetheless certain features appear to be more indirectly presented on some participants’ family maps: namely, complex or marginalized (erased) relationships with additional partners that may sustain sexual identity but contradict both heteronormative and homonormative presentations of family life. Our discussion considers the difficult issues bisexual mothers face in maintaining both their family relationships and a marginalized sexual identity.
People of Diverse Genders and/or Sexualities and Their Animal Companions: Experiences of Family Violence in a Binational Sample
Authors: Riggs Damien W. , Taylor Nik , Signal Tania , Fraser Heather , Donovan Catherine
Published: November 2018

A significant body of research in the field of human–animal studies has focused on animals who live alongside humans within the home, with such animals often considered family members. To date, however, this research has focused almost exclusively on the experiences of heterosexual cisgender people, overlooking other diverse genders and/or sexualities. This article seeks to address this gap by reporting on findings from a study of 503 people living in Australia or the United Kingdom. Specifically, the research sought to explore links between psychological distress, social support, family violence, and views about animal companions. Notable among the findings was an interaction between having experienced familial violence and living with an animal companion, and the impact of both on psychological distress and social support. The article concludes by considering the implications of the findings for better understanding the lives of people of diverse genders and/or sexualities.
Framing Brexit: The role, and the impact, of the national newspapers on the EU Referendum
Authors: Khabaz David
Published: November 2018

A content analysis of top selling newspapers in the United Kingdom shows a significant level of support given to the pro-Leave campaign leading to the Referendum on June 23, 2016, on whether the United Kingdom should remain a European Union member. The national newspapers’ influence on the outcome of the Referendum can be seen through the application of repetitive frames that highlighted long-established concerns around “taking control,” “democracy” and “sovereignty.”
Intermediate-term Experience With the STAR Total Ankle in the United States
Authors: Loewy Evan M. , Sanders Thomas H. , Walling Arthur K.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Limited intermediate and no real long-term follow-up data have been published for total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) in the United States. This is a report of clinical follow-up data of a prospective, consecutive cohort of patients who underwent TAA by a single surgeon from 1999 to 2013 with the Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement (STAR) prosthesis.

Methods:

Patients undergoing TAA at a single US institution were enrolled into a prospective study. These patients were followed at regular intervals with history, physical examination, and radiographs; American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale scores were obtained and recorded. Primary outcomes included implant survivability and functional outcomes scores. Secondary outcomes included perioperative complications such as periprosthetic or polyethylene fracture. Between 1999 and 2013, a total of 138 STAR TAAs were performed in 131 patients; 81 patients were female. The mean age at surgery was 61.5 ± 12.3 years (range, 30-88 years). The mean duration of follow-up for living patients who retained both initial components at final follow-up was 8.8±4.3 years (range 2-16.9 years).

Results:

The mean change in AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scores from preoperative to final follow-up was 36.0 ± 16.8 ( P < .0001). There were 21 (15.2%) implant failures that occurred at a mean 4.9 ± 4.5 years postoperation. Ten polyethylene components in 9 TAAs (6.5%) required replacement for fracture at an average 8.9 ± 3.3 years postoperatively. Fourteen patients died with their initial implants in place.

Conclusion:

This cohort of patients with true intermediate follow-up after TAA with the STAR prosthesis had acceptable implant survival, maintenance of improved patient-reported outcome scores, and low major complication rates.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Effect of Gender, Toe Extension Position, and Plantar Fasciitis on Plantar Fascia Thickness
Authors: Granado Michael J. , Lohman Everett B. , Daher Noha S. , Gordon Keith E.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Ultrasound is a widely used diagnostic tool for patients with plantar fasciitis. However, the lack of standardization during the measurement for plantar fascia thickness has made it challenging to understand the etiology of plantar fasciitis, as well as identify risk factors, such as gender. The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences regarding plantar fascia thickness while controlling for metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint position in the healthy and those with unilateral plantar fasciitis.

Methods:

Forty participants (20 with unilateral plantar fasciitis and 20 controls) with plantar fascia thickness (mean age, 44.8 ± 12.2 years) participated in this study. The majority were females (n = 26, 65%). Plantar fascia thickness was measured via ultrasound 3 times at 3 different MTP joint positions: (1) at rest, (2) at 30 degrees of extension, and (3) at maximal extension.

Results:

When comparing gender differences, the males in the plantar fasciitis group had a significantly thicker plantar fascia than the females ( P = .048, η2 = 2.35). However, no significant differences were observed between healthy males and females. The males with unilateral plantar fasciitis also had significantly thicker asymptomatic plantar fasciae collectively compared with controls ( P < .05), whereas females with unilateral plantar fasciitis had a similar but not significant change.

Conclusion:

It appears that healthy males and females have similar plantar fascia thickness. However, as plantar fasciitis develops, males tend to develop thicker plantar fasciae than their female counterparts, which could have future treatment implications.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control comparative study.
Increasing Play Complexity in a Young Child With Autism
Authors: Barton Erin E. , Gossett Stephanie , Waters M. Caroline , Murray Rebecca , Francis Rachel
Published: November 2018

Young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate fewer and less varied play behaviors than children with typical development. This article describes two studies designed to increase two aspects of play complexity—diverse play actions and sequential play actions—in a child with ASD. In Study 1, we use a multitreatment single-case design to compare the use of the system of least prompts with contingent reinforcement for diverse play or all play. In Study 2, we used a multiple probe design to examine the relation between the system of least prompts with contingent reinforcement and the child’s use of play sequences. Across both studies, the complexity of play increased when specific aspects—diversity or sequences—were prompted and reinforced; however, the maintenance of effects were variable.
Sonographic Discovery of Autotransplanted Splenic Implants in a Pregnant Patient
Authors: Downs Emily M. , Reeves Shane
Published: November 2018

It is important to include splenic implants in the differential diagnosis of patients with a history of splenic trauma. Autotransplanted splenic implants may have a sonographic appearance similar to that of pathologies such as lymphadenopathy or carcinomatosis.

This is the first known case to discuss a pregnant patient with a history of autologous autotransplanted splenic tissue, which was discovered on sonography and confirmed during the patient’s cesearean section.
Protein structural biology using cell-free platform from wheat germ
Authors: Novikova Irina V. , Sharma Noopur , Moser Trevor , Sontag Ryan , Liu Yan , Collazo Michael J. , Cascio Duilio , Shokuhfar Tolou , Hellmann Hanjo , Knoblauch Michael , Evans James E.
Published: November 2018

One of the biggest bottlenecks for structural analysis of proteins remains the creation of high-yield and high-purity samples of the target protein. Cell-free protein synthesis technologies are powerful and customizable platforms for obtaining functional proteins of interest in short timeframes, while avoiding potential toxicity issues and permitting high-throughput screening. These methods have benefited many areas of genomic and proteomics research, therapeutics, vaccine development and protein chip constructions. In this work, we demonstrate a versatile and multiscale eukaryotic wheat germ cell-free protein expression pipeline to generate functional proteins of different sizes from multiple host organism and DNA source origins. We also report on a robust purification procedure, which can produce highly pure (> 98%) proteins with no specialized equipment required and minimal time invested. This pipeline successfully produced and analyzed proteins in all three major geometry formats used for structural biology including single particle analysis with electron microscopy, and both two-dimensional and three-dimensional protein crystallography. The flexibility of the wheat germ system in combination with the multiscale pipeline described here provides a new workflow for rapid production and purification of samples that may not be amenable to other recombinant approaches for structural characterization.
Bitter Taste Receptor Ligand Improves Metabolic and Reproductive Functions in a Murine Model of PCOS
Authors: Wu Sheng , Xue Ping , Grayson Neile , Bland Jeffrey S , Wolfe Andrew
Published: November 2018

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) results from functional ovarian hyperandrogenism due to dysregulation of androgen secretion. Cultured theca cells from polycystic ovaries of women with the most common form of PCOS overexpress most androgen producing enzymes, particularly CYP450c17. In this study, a murine model was used of PCOS induced by chronic feeding with a high-fat diet that exhibits the reproductive, hyperandrogenic, and metabolic constellation of PCOS symptoms seen in women. Oral administration of KDT501, a hops-derived bitter taste receptor (Tas2R 108) isohumulone ligand resulted in resolution of PCOS-associated endocrine and metabolic disturbances and restored reproductive function. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, also improved metabolic and reproductive function, though not to the same degree as KDT501. Specifically, treatment of the murine PCOS model with KDT501 resulted in reduced testosterone and androstenedione levels in the absence of significant changes in LH or FSH, improved glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism, and reduced hepatic lipid infiltration and adiposity. There was significant improvement in estrous cyclicity and an increase in the number of ovarian corpora lutea, indicative of improved reproductive function after exposure to KDT501. Finally, ex vivo exposure of murine ovaries to KDT501 attenuated androgen production and ovarian expression of CYP450c17. Interestingly, the ovaries expressed Tas2R 108, suggesting a potential regulation of ovarian steroidogenesis through this chemosensory receptor family. In summary, a therapeutic strategy for PCOS possibly could include direct influences on ovarian steroidogenesis that are independent of gonadotrophic hormone regulation.
Circulating Irisin Levels in Children With GH Deficiency Before and After 1 Year of GH Treatment
Authors: Ciresi Alessandro , Pizzolanti Giuseppe , Guarnotta Valentina , Giordano Carla
Published: November 2018

Purpose

To evaluate circulating irisin levels in children with GH deficiency (GHD) and any relation with clinical and metabolic parameters.

Patients

Fifty-four prepubertal children (mean age, 7.4 ± 0.8 years) with idiopathic GHD treated with GH for at least 12 months and 31 healthy short children as control subjects.

Methods

Body height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), IGF-I, HbA1c, lipid profile, fasting and after–oral glucose tolerance test glucose and insulin, insulin sensitivity indices, and irisin levels were evaluated at baseline and after 12 months of GH replacement (GHR).

Results

At baseline, children with GHD, in addition to having lower growth velocity (P < 0.001), GH peak after stimulation tests (both P < 0.001), and IGF-I (P < 0.001), showed significantly lower irisin (P < 0.001) and higher BMI (P < 0.001) and WC (P = 0.001), without any difference in metabolic parameters, than control subjects. After GHR, children with GHD showed a significant increase in height (P < 0.001), growth velocity (P < 0.001), IGF-I (P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P = 0.002) and insulin (P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance (P < 0.001), and irisin (P = 0.005), with a concomitant decrease in BMI (P = 0.001) and WC (P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, the independent variables significantly associated with irisin were BMI (P = 0.002) and GH peak (P = 0.037) at baseline and BMI (P = 0.005), WC (P = 0.018), and IGF-I (P < 0.001) during GHR.

Conclusions

We report that GHR leads to an increase in irisin levels, strongly related to a decrease in BMI and WC, and to an increase in IGF-I; these changes are among the main goals of GHR. These data confirm the favorable effects of GHR in children.
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Hormone Responses to a Meal in Children
Authors: Roth Christian L , Melhorn Susan J , Elfers Clinton T , Scholz Kelley , De Leon Mary Rosalynn B , Rowland Maya , Kearns Sue , Aylward Elizabeth , Grabowski Thomas J , Saelens Brian E , Schur Ellen A
Published: November 2018

Context

Behavioral studies suggest that responses to food consumption are altered in children with obesity (OB).

Objective

To test central nervous system and peripheral hormone response by functional MRI and satiety-regulating hormone levels before and after a meal.

Design and Setting

Cross-sectional study comparing children with OB and children of healthy weight (HW) recruited from across the Puget Sound region of Washington.

Participants

Children (9 to 11 years old; OB, n = 54; HW, n = 22), matched for age and sex.

Intervention and Outcome Measures

Neural activation to images of high- and low-calorie food and objects was evaluated across a set of a priori appetite-processing regions that included the ventral and dorsal striatum, amygdala, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, insula, and medial orbitofrontal cortex. Premeal and postmeal hormones (insulin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, active ghrelin) were measured.

Results

In response to a meal, average brain activation by high-calorie food cues vs objects in a priori regions was reduced after meals in children of HW (Z = −3.5, P < 0.0001), but not in children with OB (z = 0.28, P = 0.78) despite appropriate meal responses by gut hormones. Although premeal average brain activation by high-calorie food cues was lower in children with OB vs children of HW, postmeal activation was higher in children with OB (Z = −2.1, P = 0.04 and Z = 2.3, P = 0.02, respectively). An attenuated central response to a meal was associated with greater degree of insulin resistance.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that children with OB exhibit an attenuated central, as opposed to gut hormone, response to a meal, which may predispose them to overconsumption of food or difficulty with weight loss.
Competitive Endurance Activities of Middle-aged Athletes as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sarcevic Zoran , Tepavcevic Andreja
Published: November 2018

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in athletes. Epidemiological studies have documented a greater prevalence of AF in athletes engaged in long-term endurance sports. Several mechanisms were proposed to underlie the association between exercise and AF, but the exact pathophysiology remains unclear. The studies up to now have been concentrated on the competitive middle-aged endurance athletes, but there is no evidence of AF prevalence among highly active noncompetitive athletes of the same age. Endurance athletes who do not compete might be at a lower risk for AF than their competitive peers. This hypothesis is theoretically examined, and the current evidence summarized in this article.
The Young Injured Gymnast: A Literature Review and Discussion
Authors: Hart Elspeth , Meehan William P. , Bae Donald S. , d’Hemecourt Pierre , Stracciolini Andrea
Published: November 2018

Gymnastics is a sport requiring grace, strength, and flexibility, resulting in a wide variety of injuries. This article is an overview of the sport of gymnastics and associated injury trends in the artistic gymnastics population. Injury rates in gymnastics range from 1.08 to 50.3 per 1000 h of exposure. More injuries occur in competition versus practice. Fewer injuries occur in recreational gymnastics than competitive gymnastics. The most common injury in gymnastics occurs in the lower extremity, and is an ankle sprain, followed by knee internal derangement. However, in men’s gymnastics the most common gymnastics injury occurs in the upper body (specifically the shoulder). The most common skills causing injury to a gymnast are front/back handsprings and saltos/flips. Unique injuries commonly seen when caring for the young gymnast include spondylolysis, ostoechondritis dissecans of the capetillium and talus, Gymnast wrist, Grip lock, Osgood‐Schlatter, patellofemoral syndrome, Sever’s disease, and ankle sprains. Research efforts should focus on injury rates after the 2006 rule change, injury prevention, men’s gymnastics injury patterns, concussions, hip injuries, and ACL injuries in gymnasts.
Methodological approaches to the formation and forecasting of new sectors of the economy of commodity regions
Authors: Васильева Зоя , Vasil'eva Zoya , Вчерашний Павел , Vcherashniy Pavel , Филимоненко Ирина , Filimonenko Irina , Лихачева Татьяна , Lihacheva Tat'yana , Рыжкова Оксана , Ryzhkova Oksana , Улас Юлия , Ulas Yuliya
Published: November 2018

The monograph developed: a conceptual model of multi-sector development of the economy of the raw material region; a method of assessing the potential of technological development of the region for "pulling" production chains of advanced technologies: a method of developing scenario options for the development of new sectors of the economy: a quasi-dynamic model of predicting the parameters of new knowledge sources: a method of assessing the integrated effects of technological development; diagnostics of promising technologies for the formation of new sectors of the economy of the Krasnoyarsk region and the forecast until 2030.
The monograph can be useful for researchers, specialists involved in the development of the sector economy, as well as teachers, graduate students and masters of economic specialties.
Embedding recovery-based approaches into mental health nurse training
Authors: Bifarin Oladayo O , Jones Steven
Published: November 2018

Background:

Mental health nursing has undoubtedly progressed as a profession but is at a hiatus that is not assisted by government policy and decreased resources.

Aims:

This reflective account explores some of the considerable expectations placed upon qualified nurses and the real tensions that influence care delivery standards.

Methods:

Reflecting on experiences gained in clinical settings, underpinned by literature on recovery, some of the expectations placed on qualified nurses in contemporary mental health service delivery are examined.

Conclusion:

In order to adequately inform the practices and skill set of contemporary mental health nurses, recovery models and clinical staff input should play a central role in nurse education. Education and clinical practice areas should continue to move towards each other and seize every initiative to ensure both are on the same page.
Student international learning experiences in Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Delisle Brenda , Ebbs Phillip
Published: November 2018

Background:

Universities are increasingly exploring international placements and learning experiences for paramedicine students. This has given rise to questions about the quality of student experiences overseas within the paramedic curriculum and how useful they are.

Aim:

This study investigates whether a university-organised overseas trip provided a useful clinical and cultural learning experience for undergraduate paramedicine students.

Methods:

A 60-question survey was administered, with questions focusing chiefly on clinical and cultural experiences during the overseas trip. Statistical software was used to analyse continuous and categorical survey data.

Findings:

This international trip appears to have provided useful cultural but suboptimal clinical learning experiences, despite participants' involvement in childbirth, emergency room presentations and blood draws.

Conclusions:

The different practice settings and cultural elements of the trip provided valuable learning experiences. A validated survey that would allow universities to evaluate and better understand the dimensions of quality in overseas paramedic student placements should be developed.
JUST Paramedic Conference 2017
Authors: Oteir Alaa
Published: November 2018

The third annual JUST Paramedic International Conference at Jordan University of Science and Technology took place in November 2017. In this Meeting Report, Alaa Oteir, Assisstant Dean & Assistant Professor from JUST's Paramedic Programme, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, shares some feature presentations.
Long live the ‘king’?
Authors: Gautam Vijay
Published: November 2018

International Paramedic Practice Consultant Editor, Vijay Guatam, takes an in-depth look at the benefits of the Advanced Trauma Life Support course and whether its latest 10th edition will bring the course in line with widespread evidence-based practice from around the world
Hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy in Scotland: A total population study
Authors: Bugler K. E. , Gaston M. S. , Robb J. E.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to report the number of children from a total population of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Scotland who had a displaced or dislocated hip at first registration in a national surveillance programme.

Methods

Migration percentage (MP), laterality, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level, CP subtype, distribution of CP and age were analyzed in 1171 children. Relative risk was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Hip displacement and dislocation were defined as a MP of 40 to 99 and > 100 respectively.

Results

Radiographs were available from the first assessment of 1171 children out of 1933 children registered on the system. In all, 2.5% of children had either one or both hips dislocated (29/1171) and dislocation only occurred in children of GMFCS levels IV and V. A total of 10% of children had a MP 40 to 99 in one or both hips (117/1171). An increasing GMFCS level was strongly associated with an abnormal MP. Hip dislocation was unusual in patients under the age of seven years. A MP of 40 to 99 was not seen in children with isolated dystonia. Displacement was more frequent in children with bilateral involvement and dislocation was only seen in spastic and mixed tone groups.

Conclusion

This data gives an overview of the number of CP children who have hip displacement/dislocation in Scotland and who will possibly require surgery.

Level of Evidence

I
Спектральный показатель поглощения света желтым веществом и его изменчивость в континентальном водоеме
Authors: Акулова О.Б. , Букатый В.И. , Попов К.П.
Published: November 2018

В статье приведены экспериментальные данные по изменению показателя поглощения света желтым веществом в поверхностном слое Новосибирского водохранилища, полученные в августе 2017 г. в ходе экспедиционных гидрологических, гидробиологических и гидрохимических исследований. Рассчитанные значения показателя поглощения света желтым веществом в спектральном диапазоне 400-800 нм за исследуемый период находились в диапазоне от 1,0 до 9,7 м-1, показателя ослабления света — от 2,0 до 14,0 м-1. Измерены концентрации компонентов воды: хлорофилла «а», органо-минераль-ной взвеси, желтого вещества. Содержание хлорофилла в воде изменялось в пределах 7,0-39,3 мг/м3, среднее значение массовой концентрации частиц взвеси составило 14,30 мг/л. Концентрация желтого вещества на водохранилище, определяемая оптическим методом по измеренному показателю поглощения света желтым веществом на длине волны X = 450 нм, варьировала в пределах 17,430,8 г/м3. Для нахождения коэффициентов экспоненциального наклона кривой спектрального показателя поглощения желтым веществом в воде Новосибирского водохранилища построены соответствующие аппрок-симационные зависимости. Сделана оценка спектрального вклада основных оптически активных компонентов воды (желтого вещества, взвеси, хлорофилла, чистой воды) в показатель ослабления света для поверхностного слоя водоема. Выявлено, что во всех точках водохранилища максимальный вклад вносит желтое вещество.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)4-01
Формирование границ раздела полупроводник-сера-переходный металл
Authors: Безносюк С.А. , Фомина Л.В.
Published: November 2018

Выполнены термодинамические расчеты при стандартных условиях химических реакций, протекающих при сульфидной пассивации поверхности элементарных полупроводников (Si, Ge), нитридов галлия, индия, алюминия (GaN, InN, AlN). Осуществление сульфидной пассивации нитрида алюминия, кремния и германия термодинамически вероятнее для неокис-ленной поверхности полупроводников, контактирующей с газовой фазой, содержащей серу или сероводород. Существует термодинамическая вероятность сульфидирования окисленной поверхности германия из газовой фазы. Сульфидирование нитридов галлия и индия самопроизвольно возможно из водных растворов сульфидов щелочных металлов. Сравнение кристаллохимических параметров атомов (ковалентные и атомные радиусы), типов симметрии возможных фазовых соединений на границах раздела полупроводник-сульфид-металл и полупроводник-оксид-металл показало, что для сульфидированной поверхности полупроводника имеется большее структурное соответствие, чем для окисленной поверхности полупроводника, контактирующего с переходным металлом. При замещении атомов кислорода на атомы серы в приграничном слое между переходным металлом и полупроводником наблюдается меньший скачок в величинах электроотрицательностей элементов, образующих границу раздела фаз. Формирование с помощью сульфидной пассивации поверхности полупроводника более совершенной и стабильной (по химическим и физическим свойствам) границы раздела фаз способствует созданию выпрямляющих контактов металл-полупроводник с улучшенными электрофизическими параметрами.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)4-02
Использование программных пакетов LAMMPS и OVITO для исследования микрокинетики СВ-синтеза алюминидов никеля
Authors: Иордан В.И. , Шмаков И.А. , Панченко Ю.А.
Published: November 2018

В статье рассматриваются некоторые аспекты применения программного пакета LAMMPS, реализующего в своей основе метод молекулярной динамики (МД), с помощью которого моделируется процесс распространения волны горения по образцу в виде пакета чередующихся слоев наноразмер-ных кристаллических решеток из атомов Ni и Al (атомная система порядка миллиона и более атомов) с образованием алюминидов никеля в процессе СВ-синтеза. Применялась конфигурация пакета LAMMPS для выполнения на многопроцессорных вычислительных системах с использованием интерфейса MPI. Кроме того, в качестве потенциала межатомного взаимодействия были использованы две разновидности модели «погруженного атома» (англ., EAM), для которых проведены вычислительные эксперименты (ВЭ). Второй программный пакет OVITO использовался для распознавания и визуализации различных типов кристаллических, квазикристал-лических и других типов структур. А именно: пакет OVITO позволил распознать и рассчитать в моделируемой атомной системе процентное содержание структур ГЦК, ОЦК, ГПУ и др. Для двух разновидностей потенциала EAM в качестве результатов ВЭ приведены: семейство температурных профилей вдоль слоев структуры в последовательные моменты времени (до 12 нс) и соответствующий им набор шлифов (вертикальных сечений вдоль слоев системы атомов).DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)4-03
Влияние обработки воды электромагнитным полем ультравысоких частот на относительную вязкость водных растворов Na-карбоксиметилцеллюлозы
Authors: Стась И.Е. , Михейлис А.В.
Published: November 2018

Установлено существенное увеличение относительной вязкости 0,5% растворов Na-кар-боксиметилцеллюлозы при использовании в качестве растворителя воды, подвергшейся воздействию электромагнитного поля радиочастотного диапазона (110-170 МГц). Показано, что эффективность электромагнитного воздействия зависит от частоты поля — максимальное изменение вязкости растворов соответствует частотам 130 и 170 МГц.Изучено влияние рН и температуры на вязкость данных растворов. Показано, что при увеличении рН от 3 до 7 наблюдается ее увеличение. Вязкость максимальна при рН = 7...9, дальнейшее увеличение рН приводит к ее снижению. Наблюдаемая зависимость обусловлена конформационными изменениями макроионов полимера вследствие изменения их зарядовых характеристик. Вид зависимости от рН одинаков для облученных и необлученных систем, однако степень увеличения вязкости зависит от рН и температуры. Исследования проведены в интервале температур 278-303 К. При повышении температуры вязкость растворов снижается, однако для растворов, приготовленных на облученной ЭМП воде, она превышает вязкость контрольных образцов в изученном интервале температур. При Т = 298 К и рН = 11 она возрастает на 59% (частота поля 130 МГц) по сравнению с контрольным образцом. Причиной наблюдаемых явлений может быть ослабление сольватации гидрофильных групп полимера в облученной воде и увеличение жесткости цепи макромолекул за счет образования внутри- и межмолекулярных водородных связей.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)4-05
Интерпретация данных об экстремальных погодных явлениях в рамках гипотезы о квазирезонансном механизме формирования блокирующих процессов
Authors: Суковатов К.Ю. , Безуглова Н.Н.
Published: November 2018

В последние годы для теоретического исследования формирования меридиональных процессов определенного типа наряду с другими подходами используется гипотеза о квазирезонансном усилении волн Россби возмущениями циркуляции атмосферы, обусловленными термическими и орографическими неоднородностями подстилающей поверхности. В настоящей работе авторами проведена интерпретация данных реанализа и спутниковых данных в рамках гипотезы о квазирезонансном механизме формирования блокирующих процессов. На основе анализа параметров рассматриваемых волновых возмущений выделены ситуации, определяющие формирование условий, благоприятных для реализации механизма квазирезонансного усиления волнами Россби малоамплитудных колебаний атмосферной циркуляции. Построены пространственные распределения меридиональной компоненты скорости ветра в тропосфере, иллюстрирующие наблюдаемые закономерности. Для всех рассмотренных случаев условия реализации квазирезонансного усиления выполняются для компонент с зональными волновыми числами k = 6,7,8. Для рассмотренных экстремальных погодных явлений значения анализируемых гармоник превышают 1.5-ное стандартное отклонение для средних климатологических значений соответствующих гармоник меридиональной скорости за период 1980-2011 гг.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)4-06
Численное решение одномерной задачи фильтрации несжимаемой жидкости в вязкой пористой среде
Authors: Вирц Р.А. , Папин А.А. , Вайгант В.А.
Published: November 2018

Процесс фильтрации жидкости в деформируемой пористой среде описывается системой, состоящей из уравнений сохранения массы для жидкой и твердой фаз, закона Дарси, реологического соотношения типа Максвела и закона сохранения баланса сил. Предполагается, что пороупругая среда обладает преимущественно вязкими свойствами и плотности фаз являются постоянными. В случае одной пространственной переменной переход к переменным Лагранжа позволяет свести исходную систему определяющих уравнений к одному уравнению для искомой пористости. Целью работы является численное исследование возникающей начально-краевой задачи. В пункте 1 дается постановка задачи и краткий обзор литературы по близким к данной теме работам. В пункте 2 проводится преобразование системы уравнений, в результате которого для пористости возникает нелинейное уравнение третьего порядка. В пункте 3 предложен алгоритм численного решения одномерной начально-краевой задачи. Для численной реализации используется однородная разностная схема для уравнения второго порядка с переменными коэффициентами и схема Рунге — Кутта второго порядка аппроксимации. Полученное решение удовлетворяет физическому принципу максимума. В пункте 4 рассматривается более общий случай сведения исходной системы к одному уравнению.DOI 10.14258/izvasu(2018)4-11