bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speed-enhanced optical fiber transfer delay measurement based on digital phase detecting
Authors: Wang Lihan , Liu Xi , Chen Xufeng , Li Shupeng , Tang Xiaohu , Wang Xiangchuan , Pan Shilong
Published: January 2022

A speed-enhanced optical fiber transfer delay measurement system is proposed based on digital phase detecting. The measurement speed reaches as high as 6.7 kHz, which is improved by 320 times compared to the previous work.
Observation of Pulsating Dissipative-Soliton-Resonance Pulses in an Yb-Doped Fiber Laser
Authors: Wang Zhuang , Li Heping , Li Junwen , Du Wenxiong , Zhang Zhiyao , Liu Yong
Published: January 2022

We present the first experimental observation of pulsating dissipative-soliton-resonance (DSR) pulses in an Yb-doped figure-eight fiber laser. Our results would stimulate further research on the dynamics of DSR pulses in dissipative systems.
The Impact of Fiber Cladding Diameter on Forward Brillouin Scattering in Single-Mode Fibers
Authors: Zhou Yunshan , Zhao Zhiyong , Tang Ming
Published: January 2022

The impact of fiber cladding diameter on forward stimulated Brillouin scattering (FSBS) in single-mode fiber is investigated by simulation and experiment in this work, providing a guidance for FSBS engineering in optical fibers.
ANN-based Anti-tilt High-precision Indoor Positioning System Using Triple-LED and Security Camera
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Han Dahai , Li Xiaoyun , Jia Peiyu , Li Shengnan , Zhang Min
Published: January 2022

In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) based high-precision positioning system using triple-LED and security camera is proposed, which achieves a mean positioning error (MPE) of 0.87 cm in a space of 1 m x 1 m x 1 m.
Characterization of A Practical 3-m VLC System Using Commercially Available Tx/Rx Modules
Authors: Chen Chen , Nie Yungui , Zhong Xin , Liu Min , Zhu Binbin
Published: January 2022

We experimentally characterize the performance of a practical 3-m VLC system using commercially available Tx/Rx modules. Results show that the achievable rates are at least 120 and 320 Mbit/s when applying OOK and OFDM, respectively.
Multi-access Indoor Optical Wireless Communications Enabled by MLC-NOMA and Direct Detection with Kramers-Kronig Receivers
Authors: Li Jianghao , Yang Qi , Dai Xiaoxiao , Lim Christina , Nirmalathas Ampalavanapillai
Published: January 2022

We propose a multiple access indoor optical wireless communication system enabled by multilevel coding based non-orthogonal multiple access, which is shown by the simulation of a 2m direct detection optical wireless link with Kramers-Kronig reception.
Fano Resonance with Sharp Transmittance Slope Based on High-Q Factor Multi-Mode Micro-Ring Resonator
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Zhang Ruihuan , He Yu , Zhang Yong , Su Yikai
Published: January 2022

We propose a Fano resonance generator based on a multi-mode racetrack micro-ring resonator. A high slope rate of 3210 dB/nm is obtained. The extinction ratio is ~ 13.6 dB.
S-band single-longitudinal-mode fiber laser with ultra-narrow linewidth, ultra-high OSNR and high stability
Authors: Wang Zhengkang , Shang Jianming , Qiao Yaojun , Yu Song
Published: January 2022

We investigated an S-band single-longitudinal-mode fiber laser based on a high-quality double-ring passive subring resonator. An ultra-narrow linewidth of 568 Hz and an ultra-high OSNR of 77 dB were achieved.
Mid-infrared fiber lasers based on gas-filled HCFs
Authors: Zhou Zhiyue , Huang Wei , Cui Yulong , Li Hao , Pei Wenxi , Wang Zefeng
Published: January 2022

With the rapid development of hollow-core fibers (HCFs) with low attenuation over a broad wavelength range even in the mid-infrared region, gas-filled HCF lasers have emerged as an alternative technology, combining attractive features of both fiber lasers and gas lasers. Recent progress of gas-filled HCF lasers operating at the mid-infrared has been reviewed and some discussions and prospective predictions have also been proposed.
Time Delay Measurement of Optical Fiber Link with Spatial Resolution
Authors: Chen Xufeng , Li Shupeng , Wang Lihan , Tang Xiaohu , Liu Xi , Fu Jianbin , Wang Xiangchuan , Shi Yaoyao , Pan Shilong
Published: January 2022

Time delay measurement of optical fiber link with spatial resolution is proposed. A spatial resolution of 8.176 cm and length measurement precision of ± 0.14 mm are achieved.
Physical Layer Cryptography Key Generation by Estimating Channel Characteristics based on Neural Network
Authors: Wu Kun , Ji Yuefeng , Wang Hongxiang
Published: January 2022

A physical-layer secure key generation scheme based on neural network is proposed. It can efficiently generate symmetric keys with high entropy, adjustable generation rate under the transmission distance of 100 km and bit-rate of 100Gbps.
Mastering Parameter Uncertainty in Monitoring-Enabled Optical Networks using Bayesian Inference
Authors: Massaro Antonio , Lonardi Matteo , Ramantanis Petros
Published: January 2022

We refine optical network parameters by jointly leveraging the components’ a priori information and the monitored quality of transmission. The updated uncertainty and correlation properties can be used in design tools to establish new lightpaths.
Delivering Distributed Machine Learning Services in All-Optical Datacenter Networks with Torus Topology
Authors: Lin Jiemin , Shen Gangxiang , Zhai Zhenwei , Zheng Danyang , Li Yongcheng , Chang Zeshan , Zong Liangjia , Deng Ning , Chang Tianhai
Published: January 2022

We propose a wavelength selective switch (WSS) based all-optical data center network (DCN) in Torus topology. A heuristic algorithm is proposed to deliver distributed machine learning (DML) services. Simulation results show that the proposed approaches achieve short service execution time and low lightpath signal loss.
On-Chip, Optical Injection-Locked III-V/Si Micro-Ring Lasers
Authors: Cheung Stanley , Yuan Yuan , Descos Antoine , Liang Di , Beausoleil Raymond G.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate >9× direct modulation bandwidth improvement up to 45 GHz for heterogeneous III-V/Si micro-ring lasers via optical injection locking (OIL). Co-integration of master and slave lasers on the same chip was also realized. We also demonstrate on-chip OIL without the need for external lasers, thus improving bandwidth > 4× up to 20 GHz.
Ultra-fast and Highly Efficient 850-nm VCSELs for Next-gen PAM-4 Transceivers
Authors: Yang Yun-Cheng , Cheng Hao-Tien , Wu Chao-Hsin
Published: January 2022

We fabricated ultra-fast 850 nm VCSELs with high efficiencies, excellent output linearity, and exhibits a modulation bandwidth of up to 32.4 GHz. Which could be applicable for next-gen 50-100 Gbps PAM4 transceivers.
Frequency Synthesis of High Power Microwaves Exceeding 20 GHz with Uniform Phase Noise Enabled by A Dual-wavelength Brillouin Laser and A High Saturation Power UTC-PD
Authors: Guo Hao , Li Zixuan , Li Yihan , Tian Yuxin , Chao Enfei , Xiong Bing , Han Yanjun , Wang Jian , Li Hongtao , Zheng Zheng
Published: January 2022

Based on a dual-wavelength Brillouin laser and a packaged high-saturation uni-travelling-carrier photodiode, frequency synthesis exceeding 20 GHz with frequency-independent phase noise and ~0.74 Watts power is experimentally demonstrated.
Fast-response High-temperature All-fiber Fabry-Perot Dynamic Pressure Sensor for Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: He Xiu , Ran Zengling , Ding Zhaoyang , Shao Tianqi , Gan Lupeng , Yu Mengke , Wang Nan , He Zhengxi , Rao Yunjiang
Published: January 2022

A fast-response high-temperature all-fiber Fabry-Perot sensor for measuring dynamic pressure in an internal combustion engine was investigated. Field tests demonstrated the performance of the sensor was well consistent with that of a commercial Kistler sensor.
Comparison of Iterative Field Reconstruction Schemes for IM/DD PAM4 Signal Transmission
Authors: Matsumoto Masayuki , Takahashi Takuya
Published: January 2022

Iterative field reconstruction for electrical dispersion compensation in PAM4 IM/DD transmission system is studied. It is shown that using transmitted signal constraint in the Gerchberg-Saxton iteration algorithm is effective in enhancing the convergence speed. © 2021 The Author(s)
Quality Inspection Challenges for Lidar Optics and Optical Properties of Lidar Systems
Authors: Andermahr Niklas , Tonndorf Philipp , Kühnreich Benjamin , Asfour Jean-Michel
Published: January 2022

Lidar systems provide 3-dimensional maps of its surrounding and are considered as key sensors for autonomous vehicles. High requirements on accuracy and reliability of lidars pose inspection challenges for the system and its components.
Geiger-mode Avalanche Photodiode (GmAPD) Single Photon Receiver Technology
Authors: Kondratko Piotr
Published: January 2022

Ball Aerospace manufactures multi-pixel short-wave infra-red (SWIR) Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GmAPD) light detection and ranging (LIDAR) receivers for military and various commercial markets. This work reviews the synchronous and asynchronous single photon-sensitive sensor operation, production, and applications.
Measured uncertainty analysis of detection efficiency of single photon detectors with correlated photons calibration
Authors: Yin Lin , Hu Youbo , Zheng Xiaobing
Published: January 2022

Detection efficiency calibration based on correlated photons is a high precision calibration method at the single photon level. During the calibration process, measured time, photon count rate, and channel detection efficiency are important experimental parameters that affect the measured uncertainty of detection efficiency. This paper constructs simulation models of measured uncertainty with experimental parameters by the correlated photons method. Our experiment measures and predicts the uncertainty when parameters change. This research provides a quantitative basis for experimental parameter settings of calibration of single photon detectors using correlated photons technology.
Femtosecond all-PM Nd-doped fiber laser operated near 910nm
Authors: le Corre Kilian , Robin Thierry , Cadier Benoit , Becheker Rezki , Godin Thomas , Hideur Ammar , Gilles Hervé , Girard Sylvain , Laroche Mathieu
Published: January 2022

We report a MOPA laser system near 910nm employing Nd-doped PM-fibers
and a SESAM for mode-locking. SPM-induced spectral broadening in a
W-type Nd-doped fiber amplifier allows pulse recompression to 300fs
and pulse energy of 11nJ.
Kerr-Lens Mode-Locked Yb:SrLaAlO4 Laser
Authors: Lin Zhanglang , Zhang Ge , Pan Zhongben , Loiko Pavel , Mateos Xavier , Lin Haifeng , Petrov Valentin , Wang Li , Chen Weidong
Published: January 2022

We report on a Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:SrLaAlO4 laser
pumped by a high brightness Yb:fiber laser generating 52-fs pulses at
1057.7 nm with an average power of 459 mW (optical efficiency: 33.8%)
at ~82.3 MHz.
Inscription of a Waveguide in YAG Crystal With a Cladding Composed by Crystalline Hollow Channels
Authors: Okhrimchuk A.G. , Dobrovolskii D.S. , Shestakov A.V. , Lipatiev A.S. , Zhiltsova A.A. , Pryamikov A.D.
Published: January 2022

Fabrication method of hollow channels in YAG:Nd with a regular
hexagonal cross-section is shown. The method is based on the direct
laser writing of helical tracks along [111] crystallographic axis and
wet etching.
Dual-cycle regenerative amplification of arbitrary delayed pulses for driving 8.6 µm OPCPA
Authors: Astrauskas Ignas , Gollner Claudia , Flöry Tobias , Baltuška Andrius , Pugžlys Audrius
Published: January 2022

A pair of sub-mJ femtosecond pulses separated by 110 ns, generated in a
single cw-pumped Yb regenerative amplifier, is employed as a frontend
for mid-IR OPCPA operating in the atmospheric transparency window.
High-energy, mid-IR, picosecond fiber-feedback OPO
Authors: Wu Yudi , Liang Sijing , Fu Qiang , Xu Lin , Richardson David J.
Published: January 2022

A compact, mid-infrared, synchronously pumped, fiber-feedback optical
parametric oscillator (OPO) based on periodically poled lithium
niobate (PPLN) is developed. The OPO generates 1-MHz picosecond pulses
with 1.24μJ pulse energy and 9.7kW peak power.
All-PM Divided Pulse Fiber Oscillator Mode-locked with Optical Kerr-Effect
Authors: Edelmann Marvin , Hua Yi , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: January 2022

A Kerr-type mode-locked PM fiber oscillator is demonstrated that
utilizes divided pulse bursts to avoid excessive nonlinearities in the
fiber segment. Experimental results with one division in the cavity
show a 17.5-dB increased output power.
Laser diode pumped Tm:YAG single-crystal fiber laser
Authors: Zhao Yongguang , Liu Jian , Dong Jifei , Wang Yinyin , Guo Jun , Xu Xiaodong , Xue Yanyan , Xu Jun , Wang Zhengping , Xu Xinguang
Published: January 2022

We present the first Tm:YAG single-crystal fiber laser with free-space
propagation of only the laser beam. An output power of 9.1 W is
achieved at ~ 2.02 µm with a slope efficiency of 49.4%.
Growth, spectroscopy and laser operation of Ho:LuAG single crystal fiber
Authors: Liu Jian , Song Qingsong , Wang Yinyin , Dong Jifei , Wang Jianlei , Lebbou Kheirreddine , Xu Jun , Xu Xiaodong , Zhao Yongguang
Published: January 2022

Ho:LuAG single-crystal fiber (SCF) has been successfully grown by
micro-pulling-down method. The corresponding spectroscopy
characterization and the first laser operation in the 2-µm spectral
range have been reported.
Triple-cladding fiber for pulse stretching
Authors: Bobkov K.K. , Levchenko A.E. , Salganskiy M.Yu. , Ganin D.V. , Lyashedko A.D. , Kdudyakov D.V. , Likhachev. M.E.
Published: January 2022

We present a triple-cladding fiber matching with diffraction grating
compressor in terms of third order dispersion and used it to stretch
6.5ps 1030nm pulses to 440ps, then pulses were effectively compressed
to 370fs.
Fully self–contained turn–key soliton microcomb source
Authors: Pavlov Nikolay G. , Riemensberger Johann , Liu Junqiu , He Jijun , Wang Rui N. , Raja Arslan S. , Lihachev Grigory , Kippenberg Tobias J. , Jost John D.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate a turn–key microcomb source based on 100 GHz
Si3N4 ring microresonator. The device is fully
optically and electronically integrated in a compact box, which runs
by pushing one button.
Modeling of Intrinsic Mechanisms of Laser-Induced Damage of Semiconductors by Ultrashort Mid-Infrared Pulses
Authors: Gruzdev Vitaly , Sergaeva Olga , Chowdhury Enam
Published: January 2022

Advancement of femtosecond mid-infrared lasers requires improved
understanding and prediction of laser-damage thresholds of
semiconductor optics. We report a novel approach to simulate damage
initiation by incorporating the ultrafast intrinsic effects specific
of mid-infrared wavelengths.
Spectral mode filtering in the single-mode optical fiber by adding high-index absorbing rods into silica cladding
Authors: Aleshkina S.S. , Salganskii M. Yu. , Yashkov M.V. , Velmiskin V.V. , Denisov A.N. , Abramov A. N. , Guryanov A. N. , Bubnov M.M. , Likhachev M.E.
Published: January 2022

Efficient spectral filtering was demonstrated in a single-mode optical
fiber by insert high-index rods into the silica cladding. Spectrally
selective core mode suppression due to different mechanisms
(absorption in high-index rods and enhanced mode leakage near the
resonance) was demonstrated.
Laser Spectroscopy of New Highly Dispersed Bi3+Ge4O12 Powders Doped with Pr3+ Ions
Authors: Alimov O.K. , Doroshenko M.E. , Egorysheva A.V. , Gajtko O.M. , Pierpoint K.A. , Shodiev H. , Veselova V.A.
Published: January 2022

Optical characteristics of new highly dispersed
Bi3+Ge4O12:Pr powders are studied. An
efficient excitation energy transfer from BGO to Pr3+
leading to a decrease of HDP_BGO fluorescence decay time from 160 to
35 ns is found.
Recognition and classification of shallow- and deep-remelting regime during laser polishing through a novel statistical and cross-sectional analysis approach
Authors: Cvijanovic Srdjan J. , Bordatchev Evgueni V. , Tutunea-Fatan O. Remus
Published: January 2022

This work was focused on the recognition and classification of two
coexisting laser remelting regimes – shallow- and deep-melting – by
means of comparisons involving geometric properties extracted from
metallographic cross-sections, statistical characteristics of initial
and remelted surface topographies, and averaged roughness profiles.
The attained results enable the ability to control and improve
polishing techniques by selective regime polishing.
Repetition-rate flexible, GW peak power class Herriott-type multipass cell compressor
Authors: Omar Alan , Schiller Karl , Sternemann Lasse , Stupar Matija , Hoffmann Martin , Cinchetti Mirko , Saraceno. Clara J.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate single, solid-state pulse compression of a 49-W
industrial fiber laser emitting 242-fs pulses, which can be
conveniently adjusted to operate at different repetition rates to
achieve > 1-GW peak power and sub-50 fs with high compression
efficiency by simply translating a glass plate inside the
compressor.
Influence of saturable absorber recovery time on dissipative soliton generation
Authors: Lee Jinho , Kwon Suhyoung , Lee Ju Han
Published: January 2022

We numerically investigated the effect of the saturable absorber (SA)
recovery time for dissipative soliton generation in an ytterbium-doped
fiber laser. It shown that the change in the SA recovery time
influences significantly on the output pulse characteristics.
Fabrication of All-fiber 2×2 Coherent Beam Combiner for High Power CBC Applications
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Yue , Li Yuwei , Huang Zhimeng , Yan Yuefang , Feng Xi , Li Min , Wu Wenjie , Huang Shan , Tao Rumao , Lin Honghuan , Wang Jianjun , Jing Feng
Published: January 2022

An all-fiber structure 2×2 coherent beam combiner based on
large-mode-area fiber and square-core fiber has been fabricated. Four
lasers coherently combined using such combiner showed 52.7% of
efficiency in the central lobe.
Adjustable Pulsed Operation from Q-switching to CW Mode-locking in a Yb:KLuW Waveguide Laser
Authors: Bae Ji Eun , Mateos Xavier , Aguiló Magdalena , Díaz Francesc , de Aldana Javier Rodríguez Vázquez , Romero Carolina , Rotermund Fabian
Published: January 2022

We demonstrate diverse pulsed operation regimes adjustable from
Q-switching to sub-GHz continuous-wave mode-locking in a Yb:KLuW
channel waveguide laser based on the interplay of dispersion and mode
area managements.
Smart Gain Medium of DFC Chip for >2J Micro-Laser Amplifier under Room Temperature
Authors: Kausas Arvydas , Yahia Vincent , Tsuji Akihiro , Zhang Rui , Zhou Xiangyu , Honda Yousuke , Yoshida Mitsuhiro , Taira Takunori
Published: January 2022

Multi-stack chips comprised of sapphire and Nd3+:YAG
crystals with variable doping concentration were made by surface
activated bonding technology. By use of sophisticated amplification
setup >2J operation with nanosecond pulses was obtained under room
temperature.
A Compact VCSEL Model for High-Speed Optical Interconnect Design
Authors: Zhang Chongyun , Liu Xinyi , Yue C. Patrick
Published: January 2022

A compact model of a commercial high-speed vertical-cavity
surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), which captures thermally dependent
electrical and optical dynamics is presented. Feed-forward
equalization (FFE) is implemented using this model.
Heat Treatment and Fiber Drawing Effect on the Fluorescence Lifetime of RE3+-doped Preforms and Fibers
Authors: Vařák Petr , Kašík Ivan , Kamrádek Michal , Podrazký Ondřej , Mrázek Jan , Peterka Pavel , Buczynski Ryszard , Franczyk Marcin , Honzátko Pavel
Published: January 2022

Fluorescence lifetimes of Tm-doped optical fiber preform, elongated
preform (cane), fiber and overclad fiber were investigated. The
fluorescence lifetime decreased with additional steps of heat
treatment, most likely due to diffusion and clustering mechanisms.
Topology Optimizer for Inverse Design and Fabrication of Passive Photonic Integrated Components Using Weighted Target
Authors: Minin Iurii , Kazakov Ivan , Kontorov Sergey , Shipulin Arkady , Matveev Sergey , Fedorov Maxim
Published: January 2022

We propose a novel approach optimizing passive photonic integrated
component topology computations. It is based on Green’s Function
Integral Equation method, utilizes weighted optimization methods and
fast Toeplitz-like matvecs for GMRES, and exploits GPGPU
accelerators.
Resolution-strength Interplay in Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Fabrication
Authors: Jaiswal Arun , Rani Sweta , Singh Gaurav Pratap , Saxena Sumit , Shukla Shobha
Published: January 2022

The interplay of resolution and strength of submicron structures in
femtosecond laser-based writing is an important parameter that has
prominent effects on the designated applications. We have shown the
strength-resolution interplay for epoxy-based resin.
Laser-induced periodic surface structures on stainless steel surfaces with effects of irradiated wavelengths
Authors: Taher Md Abu , Rao D Narayana , Gopal N Sri Ram
Published: January 2022

Low and high spatial-frequency laser-induced periodic surface
structures embedded with periodicity ⋀~λ/2 down to ⋀~λ/20 are
engineered via femtosecond laser nanostructuring with a broad range of
incident wavelength from 400 nm-2200 nm.
Implementation of Photocuring 3D Printing Using Volumetric Layered Images of Computer-Generated Hologram (CGH) with Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Lee Chung-Fei , Yang Tzu-Hsuan , Chung Ren-Jei , Hsu Wei-Feng
Published: January 2022

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) comprising multiple CGHs of sliced
images of a 3D object produced a volumetric image used to polymerize
photosensitive resin. The method features high efficiency, high
resolution, rapid fabrication, and good continuity.
Efficient In-band Pumped Tm,Ho:LiYF4 Waveguide Laser
Authors: Loiko Pavel , Kifle Esrom , Brasse Gurvan , Thouroude Romain , Starecki Florent , Benayad Abdelmjid , Braud Alain , Laroche Mathieu , Girard Sylvain , Gilles Hervé , Camy Patrice
Published: January 2022

A Tm,Ho:LiYF4 planar waveguide grown by Liquid Phase Epitaxy
is in-band pumped by a Raman fiber laser at 1679 nm. The waveguide
laser generates 540 mW at 2051 nm with a slope efficiency of
32.6%.
Ultrafast Probing of Plasmonic Hot Electron Occupancies
Authors: Pápa Zsuzsanna , Budai Judit , Espinoza Shirly , Rebarz Mateusz , Zahradník Martin , Dombi Péter
Published: January 2022

We discuss in-depth distribution and time evolution of hot electrons generated upon the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. Dielectric function of plasmonic systems was measured with ellipsometric methods to reveal the electron distribution.
Whispering gallery modes excitation in microresonators of crystalline silicon at 8.6 µm wavelength.
Authors: Shitikov Artem E. , Benderov Oleg V. , Kondratiev Nikita M. , Lobanov Valery E. , Mylnikov Igor A. Bilenko Dmitry A.
Published: January 2022

We demonstrated an excitation of whispering gallery modes in microresonators made of crystalline silicon at 8.6 µm. The Q-factor of 3 105 was measured experimentally and compared with measured at 1.5 and 2.6 µm.
Control and Optimization of Precise Colour in Thin-Film Stacks
Authors: Shurvinton Riley , Moreau Antonin , Lemarchand Fabien , Lumeau Julien
Published: January 2022

Thin films present a versatile and powerful alternative for surface colour generation. We present a demonstration of colour coating design and control via the description of three strongly saturated RGB primaries.
How Fast Can NV and SiV Centers in Diamond Be Electrically Triggered?
Authors: Khramtsov Igor A. , Fedyanin Dmitry Yu.
Published: January 2022

We present a rigorous study of the temporal dynamics of electrically driven single-photon sources based on NV and SiV centers in diamond.
Optical design, optimization and validation of an extended-depth-of-field optical coherence tomography probe based on mirror-tunneling
Authors: Okoro Chukwuemeka , Cunningham Charles R. , Baillargeon Aaron , Wartak Andreas , Tearney Guillermo J.
Published: January 2022

We present results from optimizing mirror-tunnel based optical coherence tomography probes, achieving extended depth of field at high resolution. We achieved 6 µm spot diameter over 1 mm depth in simulations and validated experimentally.
Ring currents in high harmonic generation driven by bicircular intense laser pulses
Authors: Jaron-Becker A. , Bauerle L.
Published: January 2022

We present results of numerical simulations for molecules interacting with intense bicircular laser pulses. The bicircular setup is used to both drive the ring current and high harmonic generation. We discuss how the set up can be used to follow the ultrafast nonadiabatic electron dynamics of ring currents.
Innovation and demonstration of optical service unit-based metro-optimized OTN technologies
Authors: Jing Ruiquan , Zhang Chengliang , Zhou Heng , Li Junjie , Qiuyou Wu , Zhang Yuanbin , Wang Yaqin , Su Wei , Gong Yadong , Huo Xiaoli
Published: January 2022

To efficiently support the transport of sub-1-Gbps services, an optical service unit (OSU)-based metro-optimized optical transport network (M-OTN) technology framework is proposed and described. The proposed M-OTN/OSU technologies have been implemented by major OTN equipment vendors and verified in a network operator’s lab for the first time to our knowledge. Moreover, a multivendor interoperability test has been conducted in a real-time field trial. The experimental results show that M-OTN/OSU has clear advantages over existing SDH VC/packet-enhanced OTN technologies in several key aspects, e.g., low latency, massive connections, and agile hitless bandwidth adjustment. M-OTN/OSU will be valuable for network operators providing high-quality leased line services and video/VR services in modern OTNs with unprecedented scalability and performance.
Femtosecond laser inscribed helical long period fiber grating for exciting orbital angular momentum
Authors: Chen Jiayan , Bai Zhiyong , Zhu Guoxuan , Liu Rui , Huang Churou , Huang Zheng , Wu Luping , Liao Changrui , Wang Yiping
Published: January 2022

A method employing femtosecond lasers to inscribe helical long period fiber grating (HLPFG) for exciting orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light is experimentally demonstrated. In this method, the refractive index modulation (RIM) of HLPFG is realized by three-dimensional translation of a fiber without rotation, indicating better stability, repeatability and flexibility. The coupling efficiency can be customized by varying the radius of the helical RIM, except laser energy. The characteristics of phase and polarization purity of the coupled modes in HLPFGs are studied. Results show that HLPFGs can directly excite OAM modes, the polarization state and helical phase of the mode can be adjusted independently, and the purity is the highest at resonant wavelength, over 91%.
Performance of a cryo-cooled crystal monochromator illuminated by hard X-rays with MHz repetition rate at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser
Authors: Petrov I. , Boesenberg U. , Bushuev V. A. , Hallmann J. , Kazarian K. , Lu W. , Möller J. , Reiser M. , Rodriguez-Fernandez A. , Samoylova L. , Scholz M. , Sinn H. , Zozulya A. , Madsen A.
Published: January 2022

Due to the high intensity and MHz repetition rate of photon pulses generated by the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, the heat load on silicon crystal monochromators can become large and prevent ideal transmission in Bragg diffraction geometry due to crystal deformation. Here, we present experimental data illustrating how heat load affects the performance of a cryogenically cooled monochromator under such conditions. The measurements are in good agreement with a depth-uniform model of X-ray dynamical diffraction taking beam absorption and heat deformation of the crystals into account.
Real-time optical time interpolation using spectral interferometry
Authors: Fordell Thomas
Published: January 2022

A simple scheme for all-optical time interpolation using spectral
interferometry is put forward that is, in principle, capable of
single-shot measurements. In this method, the arrival time of optical
timing pulses is encoded into the spectrum of a time-stretched
supercontinuum via cross phase modulation. The proof-of-concept test
setup points toward femtosecond-level absolute timing capabilities
with only minor additions to modern optical clockwork.
Complementary moment detection for tracking a fast-moving object using dual single-pixel detectors
Authors: Zha Linbin , Meng Wenwen , Shi Dongfeng , Huang Jian , Yuan Kee , Yang Wei , Chen Yafeng , Wang Yingjian
Published: January 2022

Target tracking has found important applications in particle tracking, vehicle navigation, aircraft monitoring, etc. However, employing single-pixel imaging techniques to track a fast-moving object with a high frame rate is still a challenge, due to the limitation of the modulation frequency of the spatial light modulator and the number of required patterns. Here we report a complementary single-pixel object tracking approach which requires only two geometric moment patterns to modulate the reflected light from a moving object in one frame. Using the complementary nature of a digital micromirror device (DMD), two identical single-pixel detectors are used to measure four intensities which can be used to acquire the values of zero-order and first-order geometric moments to track the centroid of a fast-moving object. We experimentally demonstrate that the proposed method successfully tracks a fast-moving object with a frame rate of up to 11.1 kHz in the first two experiments. In the third experiment, we compare previous works and find that the method can also accurately track a fast-moving object with a changing size and moving speed of 41.8 kilopixel/s on the image plane. The root mean squared errors in the transverse and axial directions are 0.3636 and 0.3640 pixels, respectively. The proposed method could be suitable for ultrafast target tracking.
Topological edge states at singular points in non-Hermitian plasmonic systems
Authors: Huang Yin , Shen Yuecheng , Veronis Georgios
Published: January 2022

We introduce non-Hermitian plasmonic waveguide-cavity systems with topological edge states (TESs) at singular points. The compound unit cells of the structures consist of metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) stub resonators side-coupled to an MDM waveguide. We show that we can realize both a TES and an exceptional point at the same frequency when a proper amount of loss is introduced into a finite three-unit-cell structure. We also show that the finite structure can exhibit both a TES and a spectral singularity when a proper amount of gain is introduced into the structure. In addition, we show that we can simultaneously realize a unidirectional spectral singularity and a TES when proper amounts of loss and gain are introduced into the structure. We finally show that this singularity leads to extremely high sensitivity of the reflected light intensity to variations of the refractive index of the active materials in the structure. TESs at singular points could potentially contribute to the development of singularity-based plasmonic devices with enhanced performance.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulator insecticides act on diverse receptor subtypes with distinct subunit compositions
Authors: Lu Wanjun , Liu Zhihan , Fan Xinyu , Zhang Xinzhong , Qiao Xiaomu , Huang Jia
Published: January 2022

Insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand-gated ion channels mainly expressed in the central nervous system of insects. They are the directed targets of many insecticides, including neonicotinoids, which are the most widely used insecticides in the world. However, the development of resistance in pests and the negative impacts on bee pollinators affect the application of insecticides and have created a demand for alternatives. Thus, it is very important to understand the mode of action of these insecticides, which is not fully understood at the molecular level. In this study, we systematically examined the susceptibility of ten Drosophila melanogaster nAChR subunit mutants to eleven insecticides acting on nAChRs. Our results showed that there are several subtypes of nAChRs with distinct subunit compositions that are responsible for the toxicity of different insecticides. At least three of them are the major molecular targets of seven structurally similar neonicotinoids in vivo. Moreover, spinosyns may act exclusively on the α6 homomeric pentamers but not any other nAChRs. Behavioral assays using thermogenetic tools further confirmed the bioassay results and supported the idea that receptor activation rather than inhibition leads to the insecticidal effects of neonicotinoids. The present findings reveal native nAChR subunit interactions with various insecticides and have important implications for the management of resistance and the development of novel insecticides targeting these important ion channels.
Private costs of carbon emissions abatement by limiting beef consumption and vehicle use in the United States
Authors: McFadden Brandon R. , Ferraro Paul J. , Messer Kent D.
Published: January 2022

A popular strategy for mitigating climate change is to persuade or incentivize individuals to limit behaviors associated with high greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, adults in the mid-Atlantic United States bid in an auction to receive compensation for eliminating beef consumption or limiting vehicle use. The auction incentivized participants to reveal their true costs of accepting these limits for periods ranging from one week to one year. Compliance with the conditions of the auction was confirmed via a random field audit of the behavioral changes. The estimated median abatement costs were greater than $600 per tCO2e for beef consumption and $1,300 per tCO2e for vehicle use, values much higher than the price of carbon offsets and most estimates of the social cost of carbon. Although these values may decline over time with experience or broader social adoption, they imply that policies that encourage innovations to reduce the costs of behavior change, such as meat alternatives or emission-free vehicles, may be a more fruitful than those that limit beef consumption or vehicle use.
Diversifying history: A large-scale analysis of changes in researcher demographics and scholarly agendas
Authors: Risi Stephan , Nielsen Mathias W. , Kerr Emma , Brady Emer , Kim Lanu , McFarland Daniel A. , Jurafsky Dan , Zou James , Schiebinger Londa
Published: January 2022

Background

In recent years, interest has grown in whether and to what extent demographic diversity sparks discovery and innovation in research. At the same time, topic modeling has been employed to discover differences in what women and men write about. This study engages these two strands of scholarship to explore associations between changing researcher demographics and research questions asked in the discipline of history. Specifically, we analyze developments in history as women entered the field.

Methods

We focus on author gender in diachronic analysis of history dissertations from 1980 (when online data is first available) to 2015 and a select set of general history journals from 1950 to 2015. We use correlated topic modeling and network visualizations to map developments in research agendas over time and to examine how women and men have contributed to these developments.

Results

Our summary snapshot of aggregate interests of women and men for the period 1950 to 2015 identifies new topics associated with women authors: gender and women’s history, body history, family and households, consumption and consumerism, and sexuality. Diachronic analysis demonstrates that while women pioneered topics such as gender and women’s history or the history of sexuality, these topics broaden over time to become methodological frameworks that historians widely embraced and that changed in interesting ways as men engaged with them. Our analysis of history dissertations surface correlations between advisor/advisee gender pairings and choice of dissertation topic.

Conclusions

Overall, this quantitative longitudinal study suggests that the growth in women historians has coincided with the broadening of research agendas and an increased sensitivity to new topics and methodologies in the field.
Cough detection using a non-contact microphone: A nocturnal cough study
Authors: Eni Marina , Mordoh Valeria , Zigel Yaniv
Published: January 2022

An automatic non-contact cough detector designed especially for night audio recordings that can distinguish coughs from snores and other sounds is presented. Two different classifiers were implemented and tested: a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and a Deep Neural Network (DNN). The detected coughs were analyzed and compared in different sleep stages and in terms of severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), along with age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and gender. The database was composed of nocturnal audio signals from 89 subjects recorded during a polysomnography study. The DNN-based system outperformed the GMM-based system, at 99.8% accuracy, with a sensitivity and specificity of 86.1% and 99.9%, respectively (Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 78.4%). Cough events were significantly more frequent during wakefulness than in the sleep stages (p < 0.0001) and were significantly less frequent during deep sleep than in other sleep stages (p < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between BMI and the number of nocturnal coughs (R = 0.232, p < 0.05), and between the number of nocturnal coughs and OSA severity in men (R = 0.278, p < 0.05). This non-contact cough detection system may thus be implemented to track the progression of respiratory illnesses and test reactions to different medications even at night when a contact sensor is uncomfortable or infeasible.
Beyond the revised cardiac risk index: Validation of the hospital frailty risk score in non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Gouda Pishoy , Wang Xiaoming , Youngson Erik , McGillion Michael , Mamas Mamas A. , Graham Michelle M.
Published: January 2022

Frailty is an established risk factor for adverse outcomes following non-cardiac surgery. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) is a recently described frailty assessment tool that harnesses administrative data and is composed of 109 International Classification of Disease variables. We aimed to examine the incremental prognostic utility of the HFRS in a generalizable surgical population. Using linked administrative databases, a retrospective cohort of patients admitted for non-cardiac surgery between October 1st, 2008 and September 30th, 2019 in Alberta, Canada was created. Our primary outcome was a composite of death, myocardial infarction or cardiac arrest at 30-days. Multivariable logistic regression was undertaken to assess the impact of HFRS on outcomes after adjusting for age, sex, components of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) and peri-operative biomarkers. The final cohort consisted of 712,808 non-cardiac surgeries, of which 55·1% were female and the average age was 53·4 +/- 22·4 years. Using the HFRS, 86.3% were considered low risk, 10·7% were considered intermediate risk and 3·1% were considered high risk for frailty. Intermediate and high HFRS scores were associated with increased risk of the primary outcome with an adjusted odds ratio of 1·61 (95% CI 1·50–1.74) and 1·55 (95% CI 1·38–1·73). Intermediate and high HFRS were also associated with increased adjusted odds of prolonged hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, and 1-year mortality. The HFRS is a minimally onerous frailty assessment tool that can complement perioperative risk stratification in identifying patients at high risk of short- and long-term adverse events.
Insights into the genetic diversity of an underutilized Indian legume, Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz., using morphological traits and microsatellite markers
Authors: Gore Padmavati G. , Gupta Veena , Singh Rakesh , Tripathi Kuldeep , Kumar Ramesh , Kumari Gita , Madhavan Latha , Dikshit Harsh Kumar , Venkateswaran Kamala , Pandey Anjula , Singh Neeta , Bhat Kangila V. , Nair Ramakrishnan M. , Pratap Aditya
Published: January 2022

Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz., commonly known as Minni payaru is an underutilized legume species and has a great potential to be utilized as food crop. To evaluate and select the best germplasm to be harnessed in the breeding programme, we assessed the genetic diversity of V. stipulacea (94 accessions) conserved in the Indian National Genebank, based on morphological traits and microsatellite markers. Significant variation was recorded for the morphological traits studied. Euclidean distance using UPGMA method grouped all accessions into two major clusters. Accessions were identified for key agronomic traits such as, early flowering (IC331436, IC251436, IC331437); long peduncle length (IC553518, IC550531, IC553557, IC553540, IC550532, IC553564); and more number of seeds per pod (IC553529, IC622865, IC622867, IC553528). To analyse the genetic diversity among the germplasm 33 SSR primers were used anda total of 116 alleles were detected. The number of alleles varied from two to seven, with an average of 3.52 per loci. The polymorphic information content values varied from 0.20 to 0.74, with a mean of 0.40. The high number of alleles per locus and the allelic diversity in the studied germplasm indicated a relatively wider genetic base of V. stipulacea. Phylogenetic analysis clustered accessions into seven clades. Population structure analysis grouped them into five genetic groups, which were partly supported by PCoA and phylogenetic tree. Besides, PCoA and AMOVA also decoded high genetic diversity among the V. stipulacea accessions. Thus, morphological and microsatellite markers distinguished V. stipulacea accessions and assessed their genetic diversity efficiently. The identified promising accessions can be utilized in Vigna improvement programme through introgression breeding and/or can be used for domestication and enhanced utilization of V. stipulacea.
Urine peptidome in combination with transcriptomics analysis highlights MMP7, MMP14 and PCSK5 for further investigation in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Petra Eleni , Siwy Justyna , Vlahou Antonia , Jankowski Joachim
Published: January 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the loss of kidney function. The molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of CKD are still not fully understood. Among others, the urinary peptidome has been extensively studied, with several urinary peptides effectively detecting disease progression. However, their link to proteolytic events has not been made yet. This study aimed to predict the proteases involved in the generation of CKD-associated urinary excreted peptides in a well-matched (for age, sex, lack of heart disease) case-control study. The urinary peptide profiles from CKD (n = 241) and controls (n = 240) were compared and statistically analyzed. Thein-silicoanalysis of the involved proteases was performed using Proteasix and proteases activity was predicted based on the abundance changes of the associated peptides. Predictions were cross-correlated to transcriptomics datasets by using the Nephroseq database. Information on the respective protease inhibitors was also retrieved from the MEROPS database. Totally, 303 urinary peptides were significantly associated with CKD. Among the most frequently observed were fragments of collagen types I, II and III, uromodulin, albumin and beta-2-microglobulin. Proteasix predicted 16 proteases involved in their generation. Through investigating CKD-associated transcriptomics datasets, several proteases are highlighted including members of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP7,MMP14) and serine proteases (PCSK5); laying the foundation for further studies towards elucidating their role in CKD pathophysiology.
Evaluating the effectiveness of drones for quantifying invasive upside-down jellyfish (Cassiopea sp.) in Lake Macquarie, Australia
Authors: Rowe Claire E. , Figueira Will F. , Kelaher Brendan P. , Giles Anna , Mamo Lea T. , Ahyong Shane T. , Keable Stephen J.
Published: January 2022

Upside-down jellyfish (Cassiopea sp.) are mostly sedentary, benthic jellyfish that have invaded estuarine ecosystems around the world. Monitoring the spread of this invasive jellyfish must contend with high spatial and temporal variability in abundance of individuals, especially around their invasion front. Here, we evaluated the utility of drones to survey invasive Cassiopea in a coastal lake on the east coast of Australia. To assess the efficacy of a drone-based methodology, we compared the densities and counts of Cassiopea from drone observations to conventional boat-based observations and evaluated cost and time efficiency of these methods. We showed that there was no significant difference in Cassiopea density measured by drones compared to boat-based methods along the same transects. However, abundance estimates of Cassiopea derived from scaling-up transect densities were over-inflated by 319% for drones and 178% for boats, compared to drone-based counts of the whole site. Although conventional boat-based survey techniques were cost-efficient in the short-term, we recommend doing whole-of-site counts using drones. This is because it provides a time-saving and precise technique for long-term monitoring of the spatio-temporally dynamic invasion front of Cassiopea in coastal lakes and other sheltered marine habitats with relatively clear water.
Risk factors for hypertension and diabetes comorbidity in a Korean population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Chi Jeong Hee , Lee Bum Ju
Published: January 2022

Background

Hypertension and diabetes are risk factors for severe cardiovascular disease and are prevalent comorbidities. No studies have examined the associations of various risk factors related to anthropometry, bone mineral density and body composition of specific body regions with hypertension and diabetes comorbidity (HDC). This study explored the association between HDC and various risk factors related to specific body regions.

Method

A total of 7,978 subjects (3,451 men and 4,527 women) aged ≥ 50 years were included in the analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis based on complex sample data analysis was conducted to examine associations between the normal and diabetes groups, between the normal and hypertension groups, and between the normal and HDC groups.

Results

Among Korean adults aged ≥ 50 years, 11.27% of men and 10.05% of women had both diabetes and hypertension. The HDC prevalence was higher in men than in women. In men, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, adjusted OR = 1.63 [1.22–2.18], adjusted p<0.001) exhibited a more significant association with HDC than other indices, left leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.61 [0.45–0.81], adjusted p = 0.0009) and right leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.60 [0.45–0.81], adjusted p = 0.0007) displayed strong negative associations with diabetes, and left leg lean mass (adjusted OR = 0.77 [0.67–0.89], adjusted p = 0.0002) and trunk fat mass (adjusted OR = 1.28 [1.07–1.52], adjusted p = 0.0062) were significantly associated with hypertension. In women, left leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.29 [0.22–0.39], adjusted p<0.0001) and right leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.32 [0.23–0.45], adjusted p<0.0001) exhibited strong negative associations with HDC, waist circumference (WC) (adjusted OR = 2.15 [1.40–3.30], adjusted p = 0.0005) showed a stronger association with diabetes than did other indices, and WC (adjusted OR = 1.39 [1.11–1.74], adjusted p = 0.0040) and WHtR (adjusted OR = 1.39 [1.09–1.76], adjusted p = 0.0075) were significantly associated with hypertension.

Discussion

HDC was more strongly associated with fat and lean mass than diabetes and hypertension. The association between HDC and body fat variables was more robust in women than in men.