bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF THE FEASIBILITY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF INVESTING IN THE RENEWAL OF FIXED ASSETS OF ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Petrushka Kateryna , Yemelyanov Olexandr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Havryliak Anatolii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2022

Currently, for many Ukrainian enterprises, the problem of low competitiveness of their products is relevant. One of the main reasons for the existence of this problem is the significant physical and moral wear and tear of the fixed assets of economic entities. As a result, the products manufactured by these entities are characterized by a high level of production costs. This, in turn, negatively affects the sales opportunities of such products in conditions of a significant degree of competition both in foreign and domestic sales markets. Under such conditions, the renewal of fixed assets, which can take place by replacing existing means of labour and repairing and modernizing them, can be considered a powerful tool for reducing production costs. Also, implementing measures to update fixed assets can lead to an increase in the production potential of enterprises if the new equipment is characterized by greater productivity than the existing one. All this should lead to a significant increase in the financial results of enterprises. At the same time, implementing measures to renew the fixed assets of enterprises often requires the investment of significant amounts of investment resources. The purpose of this study was to improve the methodological principles for assessing the feasibility and economic efficiency of investing in the renewal of fixed assets of enterprises.. The theoretical principles of conducting such an assessment have been improved. In particular, the factors affecting the effectiveness of measures to renew fixed assets have been determined. Indicators have been proposed, with the help of which it is possible to assess the level of economic efficiency of the implementation of measures to replace, repair and modernize physically and morally worn-out fixed assets of enterprises. The criteria of economic expediency of renewing work equipment are considered. An empirical analysis was carried out on a sample of enterprises. Among other things, it was established that the level of wear and tear of the active part of the fixed assets of the studied enterprises has a significant effect on the efficiency of economic activity. The use of the developed theoretical and methodological principles for evaluating the feasibility and efficiency of investing in the renewal of fixed assets in the practice of enterprises will contribute to the timely and full realization of the existing potential of such renewal.
ASSESSMENT OF THE INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN LOSS OF CONFIDENCE IN PUBLIC AUTHORITY AND MACROECONOMIC STABILITY OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Symy State University, Yarovenko Hanna , Kolotilina Olena ,   Symy State University
Published: December 2022

In the conditions of changes in social relations, trust becomes a relevant factor in human activity. Ensuring trust in public authorities is an urgent issue today, as a prerequisite for the socio-political and economic growth of the country. Quite often, it depends on the effectiveness of state regulation, namely, the adopted strategy of reform, the definition of strategic targets of state policy regarding the functioning of socio-political and economic institutions at the micro-, meso-, and macro- levels. The purpose of the article was to assess the relationship between the loss of trust in public authorities and the macroeconomic stability of Ukraine. The authors proposed a scientific and methodical approach to assessing the interdependence of relevant components: 1) a research base was formed, which involves collecting and checking determinants for abnormality by the Irwin method; 2) the relevant determinants of the macroeconomic component according to factor loadings are determined (by the stony scree graph); 3) normalization of determinants of macroeconomic development and indicators of distrust in public authorities based on Harrington's approach; 4) formation of integral indicators using the convolution method of calculating the geometric mean value; 5) regressive interdependencies between the loss of trust in public authorities and the macroeconomic stability of Ukraine are constructed. The obtained results made it possible to analyze the consequences of the crisis of confidence on macroeconomic stability. A high level of alienation between society and political institutions inhibits economic development, stable socio-political growth and macroeconomic stability of the country as a whole. The results will be useful for the activities of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Office of the President of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers, central bodies of executive and legislative power of Ukraine, the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, and the Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine.
FEATURES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lemishovska Olesia , Mazur Iryna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2022

The growth of information flows in the environment of the global economy naturally leads to an increase in the volume and content of the indicators of the accounting system, expands the parameters of audit conclusions. The information array formed in public financial and corporate reporting requires quick and correct processing. In the conditions of digitalization processes, the field of accounting and auditing must function in an adequate version, adapting to the methods of forming and processing information flows used in modern practice. The implementation of electronic and automated services in most management and analytical processes objectively requires the transformation of the studied activities. The processes of conducting an audit and processing information by an accounting system using information systems and technologies, including the use of artificial intelligence components, are becoming relevant. The article reveals the essence of artificial intelligence, its types with an emphasis on the accounting and auditing spheres of its application. Research implementation processes are based on general scientific theoretical methods of cognition. The used methods of system analysis ensured the disclosure of the main categories of research, and the abstract-logical method was used to formulate theoretical generalizations and conclusions about the current level of digitization of accounting and auditing in the conditions of artificial intelligence. The existing options for the application of artificial intelligence are considered, in particular, the portfolio of artificial intelligence tools KPMG Ignite and Call Center Analytics Engine developed by the audit company KPMG, the content and functionality of accounting programs using OCR (the DataSnipper program). It is argued that the use of artificial intelligence in accounting and auditing allows for the automation of many tasks, the greatest value of which concerns the processing of huge arrays of information. The author's view on the existing advantages and disadvantages, prospective use of artificial intelligence tools in accounting and auditing, and directions for further research related to the approbation of such programs in practical activities are formulated.
APPLICATION OF THE INTERNET TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF COMMUNICATIVE ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES IN THE SPHERE OF TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Authors:   Uman National University of Horticulture, Kozhukhіvska Raisa
Published: December 2022

The article investigates the use of Internet technologies in the process of implementation of communicative activities of tourism enterprises and hospitality industry enterprises. It was noted that at the current stage the information and technological progress is not only one of the main factors in ensuring the effective functioning of the tourism market and hospitality industry, but also the most important condition for the process of its sustainable development. The intensification of development of the tourism and hospitality industry is characterized first and foremost by radical changes in the communication strategy of enterprises. Competition forces enterprises to spend efforts not only on the creation of fundamentally new unique goods and services, but also on the creation of unique technologies for their promotion, so priority attention should be given to informational technologies whilst forming and implementing communication policy. In course of the conducted research the analysis of theoretical provisions regarding the definition of "Internet technology" has been carried out. The practical aspects of the usage of Internet technologies by tourism enterprises and hospitality industry enterprises are highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of using Internet technologies in the activities of tourism and hospitality industry enterprises have been determined. It is established that the main difference between Internet technologies and other mass media is a multi-vector communicative model "many to many", in which each party has the opportunity to contact with one another and provide a feedback. It is specified that due to the active development of informational technologies, in particular the Internet, a new communication tool - Internet technologies in the field of marketing - has been opened for enterprises. It is determined that the marketing policy is aimed at the development of their communicational activities. The classification of means of the marketing Internet communications by the nature of contact with the target audience has been carried out. As a conclusion, it is stated that the application of Internet technologies in the process of implementing the communication policy of tourism and hospitality industry enterprises is an important aspect of ensuring high efficiency of their activities and an effective means of selling a tourist product or service.
CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF JUDICIAL CONTROL IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Dobosh Zoryana
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the concept of judicial control in the field of public administration, identifies the main features of this control, and highlights its content. The place of judicial control in the system of state control is outlined. Ways of ensuring legality in the context of modern changes in the field of public administration are considered. In general, judicial control is considered in the context of public legal transformations in Ukraine, in particular changes in the system of public administration in the state on the basis of transparency, democracy, reassessment of the role of state coercion in administrative law and the need to strengthen the openness of management activities in the state. The general meaning of the term «control» is characterized, the relationship between the legal categories «judicial control» and «justice» is outlined. It is substantiated that judicial control is implemented through the jurisdictional activity of the court, in particular, that judicial control is a powerful way of ensuring legality in the consideration of disputes between individuals and legal entities with subjects of authority in the order of administrative proceedings, for example, in the course of challenging their legal acts ( regulatory and individual), actions or inaction, implementation of their delegated powers, disputes on appeals of other subjects of public administration. The main types of external manifestation of judicial control in the field of public administration (direct and indirect judicial control) are presented. It was emphasized that judicial control pursues the goal of restoring the regime of legality, protecting the rights and legitimate interests of citizens, the satisfaction of which occurs in the process of implementing public administration, eliminating possible administrative and disciplinary offenses, crimes related to abuse of official position, improper performance of official duties and, at the same time, the implementation of the preventive function (general and special prevention) regarding the prevention of the specified violations and the bringing of officials of public administration bodies to legal responsibility in case of their commission, the exercise of educational influence on the officials of public administration bodies.
TRANSFORMATIONS OF LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF LAND AND URBAN PLANNING RELATIONS: TRENDS AND PROSPECTS
Authors:   Academy of Laboure, Social Relations and Tourism, Lawyer, Potapenko Sergii
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the history of urban planning law on the basis of construction law. It is analyzed positions of scientists on legal status of urban law, the subject of its legal regulation, as well as places in legal system. It is established that as a result of the unification of urban planning and land management documentation, social relations related to its development, spatial planning of territories, determining the functional purpose town planning and land legislation. It is substantiated that at the present stage of filling of land law urban content is the result of changing the paradigm of spatial planning of territories, changing approaches to determining the composition of land, improving the system of land management, which testifies to the transformation of national land law under the influence of globalization processes for the purpose of implementation European standards to national legislation.
LEGAL SUPPORT OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGIME OF “MARTIAL LAW”
Authors:   Kyiv Cooperative Institute of Business and Law, Koretskyy Serhii
Published: December 2022

The article raises the issue of the most pressing problem of today in Ukraine – counteraction to unmotivated military aggression of the Russian Federation. A large-scale offensive of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation from three directions, as well as missile strikes throughout Ukraine became the objective basis for the introduction of the "Martial Law" regime. The purpose of the article isto analyze the theoretical provisions of the essence of legal, emergency administrative and legal regimes, as well as to study the legislation of Ukraine that regulates the legal regime of martial law, to determine the shortcomings of this regime in a full-scale war, to clarify its content. At the moment, in the conditions of a rapid change in the line of hostilities, the organization of public administration in the settlements of the front-line zone has become an urgent need. At the same time, there is no regulatory definition of the term "Frontline Zone". The list of settlements in the front-line zone is determined by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the "manual mode". The powers of the military administration of the settlement provided for by the Law of Ukraine "On the Legal Regime of Martial Law" do not correspond to the objective reality in the conditions of hostilities. The theoretical provisions of emergency regimes, including the martial law regime, were investigated by the following domestic scientists: V. B. Averyanov, O. M. Bandurka, A. V. Basov, Y. P. Bytyak, O. G. Bratel, A. S. Vasiliev, I. P. Holosnichenko, V. V. Zuy, S.V. Kivalov, T.O. Kolomoets, M.V. Kornienko, A. T. Komzyuk, O. O. Krestyaninov, S. O. Kuznichenko, S. V. Petkov, V. M. Plishkin, M. M. Tishchenko and others.
Reflection of the Role of Pskov and Pskov Land in the Materials of Herzogbriefarchiv (Berlin)
Authors: Бессуднов Д. А.
Published: December 2022

Собрание документов Herzogbriefarchiv из Тайного архива Прусского культурного наследия в Берлине представляет собой обширный комплекс источников, охватывающий период c начала XVI по XVII век. Данный фонд, состоящий преимущественно из личной переписки прусского герцога Альбрехта Бранденбург-Ансбахского и снятых для его нужд копий официальных постановлений, даёт обстоятельное представление о характере и динамике развития международных отношений на заре Нового времени. Во второй половине XVI века внимание государей Швеции, Дании, Польско-Литовского государства и самой Пруссии оказалось сосредоточено вокруг судьбы так называемой Старой Ливонии (Alt-Livland), ставшей камнем преткновения в территориальных спорах с молодым Московским государством. Псков, находящийся в непосредственной близости к прибалтийским землям, издревле играл в русско-ливонских отношениях двойственную роль: с одной стороны, он имел важное значение в транзитной торговле через Ливонию, однако вместе с тем являлся и ключевым пунктом в системе стратегической обороны западнорусских земель. Целью настоящего исследования является освещение роли Пскова и псковской земли в разгоревшемся конфликте за территорию Старой Ливонии в документах фонда Тайного архива Прусского культурного наследия, относящихся к начальному периоду Ливонской войны (1558-1583 гг.).

He Herzogbriefarchiv collection of documents from the Secret Archives of the Prussian Cultural Heritage in Berlin is a complex of resources encompassing the period from the early 16 to the 17 century. This fund mainly consists of personal correspondence of Prussian Duke Albrecht of Brandenburg-Ansbach and copies of official decrees, giving a detailed idea of nature and dynamics of international relations development at the beginning of Modern history. In the second half of the 16 century, attention of sovereigns of Sweden, Denmark, the Polish-Lithuanian state and Prussia itself was fоcused on the fate of so-called Old Livonia (Alt-Livland), which became a stumbling block in territorial disputes with the Moscow state. Pskov, located close to the Baltic lands, was of great importance in the strategic defense system of the West Russian lands. The purpose of this study is to highlight the role of Pskov and the Pskov land in the outbroken conflict for the territory of Old Livonia in the Secret Archive of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation documents dating back to the initial period of the Livonian War (1558-1583).
Exploration of the Complex of Archaeological Monuments Nafry in 2020
Authors: Тарасевич В. Н. , Маковская В. А. , Плавинский Н. А.
Published: December 2022

В статье рассматриваются основные результаты исследований комплекса археологических памятников Навры Мядельского района Минской области Республики Беларусь в 2020. Основные работы были сконцентрированы на продолжении изучения некрополя Навры II и поиске синхронных ему сельских поселений. На территории некрополя Навры II было исследовано 277 кв. м, что позволило уточнить топографию могильника, его хронологию и культурную принадлежность. На сегодняшний день некрополь Навры II является единственным могильником второй половины II - начала I тыс. н. э., где на большой площади были выявлены и исследованы бескурганные погребения кривичей. Несмотря на то, что сельских поселений, синхронных времени существования некрополя, до сих пор выявить не удалось, в ходе проведенных в 2020 г. разведок было уточнено количество и топография селищ и отдельных находок артефактов, относящихся к комплексу археологических памятников Навры.

The article discusses the main results of exploration on the complex of archaeological monuments Nai'ii v. of the Miadziel District, Minsk Region of the Republic of Belarus in 2020. The main work was concentrated on the continuation of the study of the Nai'ii v II necropolis and the search for rural settlements synchronous with it. On the territory of the necropolis Narny II 277 square meters were explored, which made it possible to clarify the topography of the cemetery, its chronology and cultural affiliation. To date, the necropolis Nai'irv II is the only cemetery of the second half of the 2nd - beginning of the 1st millennium AD, where flat burials of the Krivichi were explored on a fairly large area. Despite the fact that rural settlements synchronous with the time of existence of the necropolis have not yet been identified, during the exploration carried out in 2020, the number and topography of settlements and individual findings of artifacts belonging to the complex of archaeological monuments Nai'ny were clarified.
Archaeological Research of the Pskov Trinity Cathedral Foundations in 2020
Authors: Салмин С. А. , Салмина Е. В. , Стасюк И. В.
Published: December 2022

Осенью 2020 г. в рамках разработки проекта комплексной реставрации Троицкого собора выполнялись археологические шурфы по периметру памятника. Целью работ было исследование технического состояния фундаментов и выявление их конструктивных особенностей. Было установлено, что во всех шурфах отсутствует глиняный замок по периметру здания собора и отсутствие гидроизоляции в условиях обильных атмосферных осадков вызывает активную мацерацию плитняка, из которого сложен фундамент галереи и контрфорсов, его интенсивное морозобойное и химическое разрушение на уровнях, близких к поверхности, вымывание известково-песчаного раствора. Более того, что внешние стены стоят непосредственно на раннесредневековом культурном слое, причем на отдельном участке наблюдается полость, скорее всего, спровоцированная водотоком, собираемым кровлей собора. Этими обстоятельствами может объясняться значительная часть проблем с подвижками фундамента собора в его южной части. Ненарушенные антропогенные отложения эпохи раннего средневековья зафиксированы по всему периметру объекта, достигая мощности более 1 м. Выявлены остатки печей-каменок, разобранные предположительно в XI в., что связано с обустройством общественного пространства в южной части Крома. Остатки печищ были перекрыты мощным слоем щепы, предположительно связанным со строительством 1-го Троицкого храма.

In autumn 2020, as part of the development of a comprehensive restoration project of the Trinity Cathedral, archaeological pits were carried out along the perimeter of the building. The purpose of the work was to study the technical condition of the foundations and identify their design features. It was found that in all the pits the clay lock along the perimeter of the cathedral building is absent and the lack of waterproofing under the conditions of heavy precipitation causes active maceration of flagstone, from which the foundation of the gallery and buttresses are composed, its intense frost and chemical destruction at levels close to the surface, and lime-sand mortar leaching. Moreover, the outer walls stand directly on the early medieval cultural layer, and there is a cavity in one area, most likely provoked by a watercourse collected by the roof of the cathedral. These circumstances can explain a significant part of the problems with the cathedral foundation movement in its southern part. Undisturbed anthropogenic deposits of the early Middle Ages reaching the thickness of more than 1 m. were recorded along the entire perimeter of the object. The remains of the stone ovens were covered with a thick layer of wood chips, presumably associated with the construction of the 1st Trinity Cathedral.
The program «unexplored and unexplored wonders of the world» as a means of getting acquainted with the sights of our world
Authors: Мамедова Л.В. , Чештанова А.Ю.
Published: December 2022

В данной статье рассматривается программа знакомства детей младшего школьного возраста с достопримечательностями нашей планеты через различные методы и приемы обучения в школе. Программа направлена на формирование интереса к окружающему нас миру и развития любознательности. Актуальность данной программы заключается в том, что в современных условиях дети все меньше и меньше интересуются культурным наследием нашей планеты. Данная познавательная программа рассчитана на детей младшего школьного возраста, она вводит учащихся в волнующий мир разгаданных и неразгаданных тайн природы, в мир поражающих воображение фактов и интригующих гипотез. Отвечая естественным для данного возраста интересам детей, учитывая их любознательность и эмоциональную отзывчивость, курс обозначает перспективу жизни, дарящей романтику неизведанного, радость познания, счастье открытий.

This article discusses the program of acquaintance of primary school children with the sights of our planet through various methods and techniques of teaching at school. The program is aimed at forming interest in the world around us and developing curiosity. The relevance of this program lies in the fact that in modern conditions children are less and less interested in the cultural heritage of our planet. This educational program is designed for children of primary school age, it introduces students to the exciting world of unsolved and unsolved mysteries of nature, into the world of amazing facts and intriguing hypotheses. Responding to the natural interests of children for this age, taking into account their curiosity and emotional responsiveness, the course designates the prospect of a life that gives the romance of the unknown, the joy of knowledge, the happiness of discoveries.
The educational space in the information society and the knowledge society" as a factor of the effectiveness of the state
Authors: Двоеглазов С.И. , Забайкин Ю.В.
Published: December 2022

Современный мир стремительно движется к эпохе информационного общества и» общества знаний", в котором владение информационными и компьютерными технологиями становится главным компетентностным требованием ккаждому человеку на определенном этапе его жизни. К этому подводит само состояние человеческого прогресса, когда в течение нескольких последних десятилетий кардинально изменилась система генерации и передачи знаний, а их объем вырос во много раз. Сейчас ежегодно обновляется около 5 % теоретических и 20 % профессиональных знаний. Понятно, что таким объемом информации, что в геометрической прогрессии накатывается на человека, человеческий мозг уже не способен оперировать без помощи компьютерно-вычислительной техники и информационнокомпьютерных технологий (ИКТ). Эти и другие вызовы требуют нового формата образования, новых образовательных стратегий, которые формируют способность человека быть адекватным и темпам общественных изменений, и диапазону возможностей для собственного развития. Сегодня ключевой позицией в образовании становится не сам факт передачи знаний от преподавателя к студенту, а формирование такой системы их взаимодействия, при которой возможно как создание новых знаний, так и формирование новых технологий их практического применения.

The modern world is rapidly moving towards the era of the information society and the "knowledge society", in which the possession of information and computer technologies becomes the main competence requirement for each person at a certain stage of his life. The very state of human progress leads to this, when the system of knowledge generation and transfer has changed dramatically over the past few decades, and their volume has grown many times. Now about 5% of theoretical and 20% of professional knowledge is updated annually. It is clear that with such a volume of information that rolls over a person exponentially, the human brain is no longer able to operate without the help of computer technology and information and computer technology (ICT). These and other challenges require a new format of education, new educational strategies that shape a person's ability to be adequate to both the pace of social change and the range of opportunities for their own development. Today, the key position in education is not the fact of knowledge transfer from a teacher to a student, but the formation of such a system of their interaction, in which it is possible both to create new knowledge and to form new technologies for their practical application.
Features of the development of verbal-conceptual thinking in children 5-6 years old
Authors: Дрозд М.О. , Мамедова Л.В.
Published: December 2022

Изучение психологической литературы по теме исследования показало, что мышление преобразовывает полученные представления, помогая ребенку получать новые знания, опыт, развиваться творчески. Целью написания данной статьи является исследование особенностей развития вербально-понятийного мышления у дошкольников 5-6 лет и подборка упражнений по развитию вербально-понятийного мышления в игровой форме. Развитие мышления, как преобладающего компонента психического развития ребенка, в современной системе дошкольного образования – важная часть подготовки детей к школьному обучению. Успешность и эффективность развития мышления влияет и на развитие других познавательных процессов. Исторически и практически доказано, что игра является ведущей деятельностью дошкольников, а следовательно, эффективна и проста в применении для развития познавательной сферы в дошкольных образовательных учреждениях. В статье представлены результаты проведенного исследования уровня развития вербально-понятийного мышления на базе 12 воспитанников старшей группы Муниципального детского сада №46 «Незабудка» п. Серебряный Бор Республики Саха.

The study of psychological literature on the research topic showed that thinking transforms the received ideas, helping the child to gain new knowledge, experience, and develop creatively. The purpose of writing this article is to study the features of the development of verbal-conceptual thinking in preschoolers aged 5-6 years and a selection of exercises for the development of verbal-conceptual thinking in a playful way. The development of thinking, as the predominant component of the mental development of the child, in the modern system of preschool education is an important part of preparing children for schooling. The success and efficiency of the development of thinking also affects the development of other cognitive processes. It has been historically and practically proven that the game is the leading activity of preschoolers, and therefore, it is effective and easy to use for the development of the cognitive sphere in preschool educational institutions. The article presents the results of a study of the level of development of verbal-conceptual thinking on the basis of 12 pupils of the senior group of the Municipal kindergarten No. 46 "Forget-me-not" in the village of Serebryany Bor of the Republic of Sakha.
Improving the quality of higher education as a factor in the development and modernization of the content of the educational process
Authors: Успаева М.Г. , Гачаев А.М.
Published: December 2022

Сегодня происходят изменения на рынке труда, которые требуют обновления все большей части профессий. Это влияет на качество высшего образования как зарубежных стран, так и России, потому что появилось много высших учебных заведений (национальных, государственных, частных), которые в первую очередь заботятся о количестве студентов, а не о качестве. Педагоги, психологи и методисты отмечают, что качество образовательного процесса постепенно ухудшается. Проблема обеспечения качества высшего образования, а следовательно – работа высших учебных заведений приобрела актуальность во многих развитых странах в конце ХХ в. – начале XXI в. В настоящее время происходит переход от индустриального общества к обществу получения знаний; а это означает, что осуществляется переход к массовому, а далее к общему высшего образования (охват свыше 70% молодежи) и потребность обучать большое количество людей со средними способностями. Кроме того, в высших учебных заведениях, в частности в университетах до сих пор существуют несовершенные академические программы по основам наук, составленные собственноручно преподавателями с разным уровнем подготовки.

Today there are changes in the labor market, which require the renewal of an increasing number of professions. This affects the quality of higher education both in foreign countries and in Russia, because there are many higher educational institutions (national, public, private) that primarily care about the number of students, not about quality. Teachers, psychologists and methodologists note that the quality of the educational process is gradually deteriorating. The problem of ensuring the quality of higher education, and therefore the work of higher education institutions, has become relevant in many developed countries in the late twentieth century – early XXI century. Currently, there is a transition from an industrial society to a knowledge society; and this means that there is a transition to mass, and then to general higher education (coverage of over 70% of young people) and the need to train a large number of people with average abilities. In addition, in higher educational institutions, in particular in universities, there are still imperfect academic programs on the basics of sciences, compiled by teachers with different levels of training.
The First Total Synthesis of Tanzawaic Acid B
Authors: Murata Takatsugu , Tsutsui Hisazumi , Yoshida Takumi , Kubota Hirokazu , Hiraishi Shintaro , Natsukawa Hiyo , Suzuki Yuki , Hiraga Daiki , Mori Takahiro , Maekawa Yutaro , Tateyama Satoru , Toyoyama Kiyotaka , Ito Keiichi , Suzuki Kyohei , Yonekura Keita , Shibata Natsumi , Sato Teruyuki , Tasaki Yasutaka , Inohana Takehiko , Takano Atsuhiro , Shiina Isamu
Published: December 2022

The first total synthesis of (+)-tanzawaic acid B, a natural polyketide bearing a pentadienoic ester and octalin moiety, has been accomplished. The synthetic improvement from previous synthetic conditions facilitated our gram-scale synthesis of the chiral octalin that possesses seven stereogenic centers and that is the core skeleton of almost all of the tanzawaic acid family.
A Perspective on Explanations of Molecular Prediction Models
Authors: Wellawatte Geemi P. , Gandhi Heta A. , Seshadri Aditi , White Andrew D.
Published: December 2022

Chemists can be skeptical in using deep learning (DL) in decision making, due to the lack of interpretability in "black-box" models. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is a branch of AI which addresses this drawback by providing tools to interpret DL models and their predictions. We review the principles of XAI in the domain of chemistry and emerging methods for creating and evaluating explanations. Then we focus methods developed by our group and their application to predicting solubility, blood-brain barrier permeability, and the scent of molecules. We show that XAI methods like chemical counterfactuals and descriptor explanations can both explain DL predictions and give insight into structure-property relationships. Finally, we discuss how a two step process of highly accurate black-box modeling and then creating explanations gives both highly accurate predictions and clear structure-property relationships.
Origins of hydrogen peroxide selectivity during oxygen reduction on organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting polymers
Authors: De La Fuente Durán Ana , Liang Allen Yu-Lun , Denti Ilaria , Yu Hang , Pearce Drew , Marks Adam , Penn Emily , Weaver Karrie , Turaski Lily , Maria Iuliana P. , Griggs Sophie , Chen Xingxing , Salleo Alberto , Chueh William C. , Nelson Jenny , Giovannitti Alexander , Mefford J. Tyler
Published: December 2022

Electrochemical reduction of atmospheric oxygen provides carbon emission-free pathways for the generation of electricity from chemical fuels and for the distributed production of green chemical oxidants like hydrogen peroxide. Recently, organic mixed ionic-electronic conducting polymers (OMIECs) have been reported as active electrode materials for the oxygen reduction reaction. This work sets out to identify the operative oxygen reduction mechanism of OMIECs through a multi-faceted experimental and theoretical approach. Using a combination of pH-dependent electrochemical characterization, operando UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, ab initio calculations, and steady-state microkinetic simulations, we find that the n-type OMIEC, p(NDI-T2 P75), reduces oxygen selectively to hydrogen peroxide through a non-catalytic, outer-sphere pathway. This pathway serves as a general guide to understand the reactivity of an expanded set of n- and p-type OMIECs investigated in this work and provides a framework to rationalize when (or if) organic compounds function as heterogeneous catalysts for oxygen reduction.
Efficient circularly polarized electroluminescence from achiral luminescent materials
Authors: Xu Letian , Liu Hao , Peng Xiaoluo , Shen Pingchuan , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhao Zujin
Published: December 2022

Circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL) with a defined color is generally produced in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on CP luminescent (CPL) materials with similar colors. Such kind of many-to-many relationship requires numerous new CPL materials to fabricate CP-OLEDs because the well-developed achiral luminescent materials are rarely considered to be capable of directly producing CP-EL. Herein, the one-to-many strategy is proposed for CP-EL by employing high-performance near ultraviolet CPL materials to sensitize achiral luminescent materials. These newly developed near ultraviolet CPL materials have excellent photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields and good CPL dissymmetry factors, and can induce efficient blue to red CP-PL for achiral fluorescence, phosphorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and multi-resonance (MR) TADF materials. Efficient near ultraviolet CP-EL with the best external quantum efficiencies (ηexts) of 9.0% at 404 nm and extremely small efficiency roll-offs are achieved by using them as emitters for CP-OLEDs. By adopting them as hosts or sensitizers, commercially available yellow-orange achiral phosphorescence, TADF and MR-TADF materials can generate strong CP-EL, with absolute dissymmetry factors and outstanding ηexts of up to 2.87 × 10−3 and 30.8%, respectively, which are the state-of-the-art CP-EL performances reported so far, demonstrating a simple and universal avenue towards efficient CP-EL.
Gel Card and Saline Tube Techniques for Blood Cross-Matching: A Comparative Assessment Study
Authors: V Ranjitha , C Vijay , T S Shashidhara
Published: December 2022

Background Gel card technique of cross matching is one of the latest techniques in blood bank. It has high sensitivity and gives accurate results. The aim of this study is to compare the sensitivity of gel card method with the conventional saline tube method for cross matching in blood bank.Methodology In this study we used Matrix gel card method based on indirect coombs test ICT for cross match and tube method including spin saline tube method with anti-human globulin AHG and without AHG at Mallasandra urban primary health care center for pre-transfusion cross matching on 100 blood samples.Result 100 samples were analyzed. 96 samples were compatible using matrix gel card method and spin saline tube method with AHG. Remaining 04 samples showed incompatibility in both methods. In saline method without AHG compatibility was seen in 94 samples. Out of the 06 samples which were incompatible 04 samples were true negative for incompatibility and 02 samples were false positive for incompatibility. Sensitivity and specificity of conventional tube technique CTT without AHG was found to be 97.9 and 100 respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of matrix gel card method was found to be 100.Conclusion Matrix gel card method is simple easy to perform and gives more stable end point result that can be recorded and photocopied. It is more sensitive and specific than CTT. A larger cohort study is necessary to analyze the efficacy of Matrix gel card method over CTT without AHG.
Hazardous Exposures of Prosthetic and Orthotic Workshop
Authors: Minakshi Ms , Frank Adiyattiparambil Steffi
Published: December 2022

Background Prosthetic and orthotic PampO professionals are exposed to noise and chemicals in amounts greater than statutorily allowed and this can have adverse effect on their health. This cross-sectional project work was based on a number of difficulties faced by PampO professionals and effects on their health along with the causes.Objectives 1. To analyse the effects of hazardous exposures due to continuous noise of machines and chemical used in PampO workshop. 2. To check the frequency of noise produced due to the use of machinery and to determine the level of noise emission from the machines. 3. To propose solution within the limits of the PampO workshop of Mobility India MI.Methods Fifty prosthetic and orthotic PampO professionals were included in the study. Data was collected through personal and telephonic interviews using a questionnaire survey. Sound levels of the individual machines and all the machines operated together were measured using a sound level meter.Results The exposure to noise level was found to be higher indicating an urgent need for attention of the management and supervisor. One of the problems observed was the lack of awareness among participants about noise pollution and safety procedures or devices to prevent these hazards in the work environment.Conclusion This study found increased exposure levels of sound and chemicals thus affecting the well-being of the participants.
Tackling Common Problems in Scientific Publication
Authors: Raju Koneri Dr.
Published: December 2022

None
Method Development and Validation of Azelnidipine Drug by Ultraviolet Visible Double Beam Spectrophotometer
Authors: Richards M Paul , Madankumar Mr , kumar Nandan , Sharath Gowda N , Khairat K , R Shankar Prajwal
Published: December 2022

Azelnidipine is a ca2 channel blocker used for treatment of patients with hypertension. The main objective was to develop UltraViolet- visible spectroscopy method for Azelnidipine which should be fast error-free exact sensitive and validate the processed method according to ICH guidelines by use of API and tablet formulations of Azelnidipine by UV-visible spectroscopy. UV-visible Spectrophotometric resolution was carried out with Thermo scientific GENESYS 10S single beam spectrophotometer. A simple rapid precise accurate and sensitive UV-visible Spectroscopy method has been developed for the determination of Azelnidipine by using acetone as a medium. The spectrum of the standard solution was run from 200-400 nm range for the determination of lambdamax and lambdamax of Azelnidipine was found at 255 nm. Different validation parameters such as Linearity Accuracy Precision LOD and LOQ and Robustness and various Quality Control tests like here evaluated as per ICH guidelines. Linearity for the UV-visible Spectroscopy was noted in the concentration range of 2-14microgml and mean correlation coefficient of 0.9993. Accuracy was found to be 98- 100. The precision demonstrates as relative standard deviation of Intraday and Interday which was 1.058-1.029 and 1.144-1.316 with RSD less than 2 and the limit of detection which was LOD and limit of Quantitation LOQ for Azelnidipine was found to be 2.086 and 8.68 microgmml respectively. The proposed UV-visible spectroscopy method and its validation according to the ICH guidelines shown that method is sensitive precise accurate and simple for the estimation of Azelnidipine API and tablet formulation.
Grewia hirsuta Vahl. Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract: Phytochemical and Acute Toxicological Studies
Authors: Chikkamath Vinuth , H. Kulkarni Venkatrao. , V. Habbu Prasanna. , Naik Nagappa Anantha
Published: December 2022

Objective Grewia hirsuta Vahl. is a shrub grown in high altitudes like Himalayan and Western Ghats. The plant is rich in antioxidants used as a nerve tonic as an anti-diabetic analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Literature review indicated that there were no reported systemic studies on phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity.Methods Grewia hirsuta Vahl. was evaluated with phytochemical and toxicological studies - ash contents extractive values and phytochemical screening. The quantitative microscopy along with histology of leaf was reported in the literature. UV FTIR and HPLC studies were used to estimate total phenolic content flavonoid content and tannin content. The oral acute toxicity was performed as per OECD guidelines 425.Results The fingerprint region from 3392.12 to 823.14 cm-1 is allocated for functional groups of primary amines ketone alcohols and phenols. FTIR spectral interpretation confirmed the same. UV spectral analysis reported total phenolic content flavonoid content and tannin content to be 12.35 microgml Catechol equivalents 15.5 microgml Quercetin equivalents and 16.00 microgml tannic acid equivalents. The extract did not show any acute toxicity and mortality at the dose of 2 gkg when observed for two weeks.Conclusion The hyrdoethanolic extract contains phytochemicals like phenolic hydroxyl phenolic acid groups flavonoids and tannins. The plant extract was found to be safe in animals used in the study
Evaluation of Endophytic Fungal Fractions of Phyllanthus amarus schum andthonn Leaves in Paracetamol and Ethanol Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Madagundi Smita , V Habbu Prasanna , Shastry Rajesh , Kulkarni Venkatrao
Published: December 2022

Background Endophytes are the microbes residing inside the plant tissues forming relations such as mutualistic symbiotic and trophobiotic. Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug higher doses of which leads to serious liver disorders. Alcohol a psychoactive drug causes deleterious effects on the liver with high consumption. In both cases pathological conditions vary from basic intoxication to lifethreatening pathological states.nbspAim of the study An attempt was made to study the effects of fractions of endophytic fungi Nigrospora sp. CMH213 PALF-2 isolated in our previous report from leaves of Phyllanthus amarus in paracetamol and ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.Materials and Methods In this study the effects of earlier isolated endophytic fungal fractions namely P2EA ethyl acetate and P2nB n butanol were studied on paracetamol and ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity at doses of 50 mgkg amp 100 mgkg. Various biochemical parameters and histopathology of the livers were also studied in both models.Results In both the models the elevated biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase AST alanine aminotransferase ALT alkaline phosphatase ALP total bilirubin direct bilirubin and triglycerides TG were reversed by P2EA and P2nB 50 mgkg amp 100 mgkg as compared to induced groups plt0.001. P2EA and P2nB 50 mgkg amp 100 mgkg also restored the lipid peroxidation LPO superoxide SOD and catalase CAT levels.Conclusion P2EA and P2nB exhibited hepatoprotective activity significantly in paracetamol and ethanolinduced models from endophyte Nigrospora sp. CMH213 PALF-2 from Phyllanthus amarus...nbsp
The Challenges for Health Research in India
Authors: Raju Koneri Dr.
Published: December 2022

None
Formulation and Evaluation of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Clofazimine
Authors: D Patel Umeshkumar , A Kempwade Amolkumar , S Patil Vrushabh , D Hiremath Ravindra
Published: December 2022

Aim The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System SNEDDS for poorly water-soluble clofazimine.Methodology Ethyl Acetate Captex-300 and polyethylene glycol 400 PEG-400 were utilized for the development of SNEDDS of clofazimine. Optimization of SNEDDS was carried out using 32 factorial design. Evaluation parameters such as dilution study by visual observation self-emulsification time percentage transmission zeta potential particle size and polydispersity index PDI were performed for formulated SNEDDS. Formulated SNEDDS batches were studied for dissolution and stability.Results The particle size of the formulation ranged between 288.9ndash918.2 nm. Zeta potential was found within the range of -1.10 to -8.25 which indicated the stability of the emulsion. Self-emulsification time of clofazimine formulations was found to be less than 1 min which confirmed its efficiency. Percentage transmission was seen at around 100 which confirmed the clarity and transparency of the nanoemulsion formulation. Dissolution of clofazimine from SNEEDS was very fast and achieved approximately 100 dissolution in 1 hour as that of the pure drug lt15. Further stability study confirmed the stability of formulated SNEDDS.Conclusion Present study demonstrated a systematic approach for the development of SNEDDS which can be very useful for delivering the drug orally for many emerging hydrophobic drugs with good therapeutic potential.