bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AS A CHANCE FOR SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Popović Jovanka , Dudas Ivan ,   PHD student, Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Milošević Dragan ,   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Luković Jelena ,   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade
Published: February 2023

Human civilization has entered a completely new era in which the digital, virtual, innovative and imaginary becomes the main driver of national and economic development. Digital transformation has become the “conditio sine qua non” of modern organizations. The issue of digital transformation of business has become the subject of interest of theoreticians and practitioners, but only in the last few years. That is why its ultimate goal is to create added business value. The use and introduction of a large number of digital technologies in a small business by itself will not provide the expected benefits in the process of innovation itself. The highlighted importance of digital transformation refers to user experience, operational processes, business models, employee experience and digital platforms, as well as to the key domains of small business operations that digitalization is changing. The task of the work indicates the impact that digital transformation in the business process has on a small entrepreneurial venture. Bearing this in mind, the goal itself is focused on the possible directions of digital transformation of business in conditions of strong penetration of digital technologies and strong impact on small business.
JOURNALISM AND TABLOIDIZATION
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Vojinović Maja , Torlak Nada ,   Faculty of culture and media, Belgrade, Megatrend University, Belgrade, Davidov Tatjana ,   Modern Business School, Belgrade
Published: February 2023

Topics related to the media, journalism, the transformation of journalism, the transition from traditional to new media, inevitably lead us to the analysis of the current media situation. The issue of tabloids and tabloidization is essential for understanding the reconstruction of new media. It is a fact that tabloids do not respect the principles of journalistic code and ethics, that tabloid content is in opposition to quality, investigative, analytical journalism, but they still lead us to think about the causes of such phenomena. In this paper, we will deal with the topic of journalism, journalistic code, ethical dilemmas, tabloids and tabloidization.
USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR THE GENERATION OF MEDIA CONTENT
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Sančanin Branislav , Penjišević Aleksandra ,   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade
Published: February 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful catalyst that enables media organizations to optimize and improve their operations. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the importance and potential of AI during high-performance data analytics and media content generation. The focus is on responsible and ethically acceptable use of AI, which imposes the need to continuously build trust, through numerous challenges, during the management of potential risks. Standardization and mandatory publication of AI product data can pave the way for increased transparency and trust building. Otherwise, the power of AI, which has a huge potential to contribute to a better quality of life, could be transformed into a suicide tool.
SECURITY OF THE SYSTEM FOR ELECTRONIC LEARNING
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Ristić Igor , Radonić Aleksandar ,   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade
Published: February 2023

Security is one of great problems in the creation and implementation of e-learning solution. As an end user is not able to see these problems, they are often neglected. As all other applications, e-learning portals are widely distributed and available to a wide audience, which makes them vulnerable in a way. As the concept of Web applications is very spontaneously developed without a detailed plan, and with great effort invested in development of programming languages and interpreters for Web applications, there is a danger from manipulation by malicious users.
DOES SMART HOME HAVE WIDE OPEN DOORS? MQTT COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL STANDARDIZATION - POTENTIAL MISSING RING OF THE IOT NETWORKS SECURITY CHAIN
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Sćepanović Ivan , Sćepanović Vesna ,   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade
Published: February 2023

This paper pointed out the benefits as well as the security risk that is the result of inconsistencies of software applications from different manufacturers and the lack of standards in IoT devices networks. Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is now one of the most used open protocols in the Internet of Things. The term IoT is often followed by a great enthusiasm of researchers. End-users also share the same sentiment, ignoring the security risks that arise from dropping and reconnecting IoT devices that very often send passwords to server in plain text, while manufacturers often remain silently indifferent. They primary put focus on profitability, but not on safety. In other words, the door on smart homes remains wide open for hackers. This paper gives an overview of one potential solution of the Internet of Things security problem.
STAFFING TECHNIQUES IN INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade, Savić-Tot Tijana , Runić-Ristić Marija ,   Faculty of Management, Sremski Karlovci, University UNION Nikola Tesla, Belgrade
Published: February 2023

This paper gives a review of the changes that have happened over the past few years in the field of recruitment and selection one of the most important functions in Human Resource Management. The use of the Internet influences recruitment and selection practice and takes it to the next level. In the paper, the most recent trends in the field of recruitment and selection have been analyzed, and new models of resumes have been described.
Nutritional composition and bioactive properties of the wholegrain flour obtained from maize inbred lines
Authors: Nikolić Valentina , Simić Marijana , Žilić Slađana , Kravić Natalija , Vančetović Jelena , Sečanski Mile , Vasić Marko
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the chemical composition and bioactive properties of the wholegrain flour obtained from eleven maize inbred lines to identify genotypes with increased potential for the development of hybrids with high nutritional and functional value, suitable for food production. The maize inbreds, including seven standard yellow, two QPM (quality protein maize) and two lines for red kernel hybrids, were grown in the experimental field of the Maize Research Institute at the location of Zemun Polje, Serbia. Wholegrain maize flour was got by grinding the maize grain in a laboratory mill. The assessment of the chemical composition and content of certain bioactive compounds, as well as the total antioxidant capacity, was conducted using standard laboratory procedures. The highest starch content (73.73%) was determined in line L8, while line L10 had the highest protein content (12.82%). Among soluble proteins, the a-zein fraction was dominant in most of the lines, ranging from 0.92% to 3.57%. The highest content of total fibres (NDF) was determined in red kernel line L9 (15.77%). Line L8 was the richest in total carotenoids (21.08 mg bCE/g d.m.), while line L7 had the highest total antioxidant capacity (34.30 mmol Trolox/kg d.m.), which can be explained by the presence of anthocyanins in the red grain. Line L1 had the highest content of total sugars (3.36%), and line L4 had the lowest (1.44%). Most of the samples of inbred lines investigated in this study showed good quality parameters regarding chemical composition and bioactive properties. The obtained results may provide some valuable guidelines needed in the following stages of maize breeding and open up various possibilities for the utilization of wholegrain maize flour in the food industry.
Contradiction of the civic and the ethnic component in the Dayton peace agreement
Authors: Krnetić Helena
Published: February 2023

The subject of our analysis is the civic and ethnic component in the Dayton Agreement, which we will consider, first as separate categories and then as their interplay and contradictory outcomes of their permeation. The methodical approach to the topic of our analysis implies several aspects such as historical, formal-legal, legal-dogmatic, as well as the content analysis and comparative approach. The results of our analysis should show us whether the coexistence of the ethnic and the civic is possible, what processes occur during their relationship and what the ultimate outcome is in terms of influence on the political system of BiH. The analysis of this topic should lead us to the realization of whether the ethnic and the civic are natural categories characteristic of BiH, which derive from its historical heritage, or the categories imposed by the international factors.
Trabajo social y cuidados en la vejez: un tema emergente para la intervención profesional
Authors: Arroyo Rueda María Concepción , Santos Perla Vanessa de los
Published: February 2023

Distintas disciplinas abordan el tema del cuidado, entre ellas y más recientemente, el Trabajo Social como una profesión que cuida en lo social a los sujetos que son motivo de su quehacer profesional. Este trabajo describe la importancia de la intervención del Trabajo Social en la formación de cuidadores/as de personas que requieren cuidados, en especial de cuidado de personas mayores. La participación del profesional de Trabajo Social con este grupo demanda un posicionamiento ético-político y basado en derechos humanos e igualdad de género que promueva acciones de cuidado más democráticas y con justicia social. Los resultados de dos acciones de intervención socioeducativa con cuidadoras/es de personas mayores y/o con discapacidad, además de darles elementos teórico-prácticos para disminuir las dificultades que enfrentan cotidianamente al proporcionar, abrió la discusión acerca de los componentes económicos, políticos, culturales y de desigualdades estructurales que contribuyen a la falta de responsabilidad social en el cuidado.
Del desvanecimiento del sujeto moderno al in-surgir. Aportes desde el Trabajo Social Decolonial
Authors: Vélez Villafañe Gerardo
Published: February 2023

La reinvención de la esperanza como horizonte ético de politización al servicio de la justicia social requiere la emergencia de sujetos con capacidad sentipensante de acción colectiva para deshegemonizar situadamente los modos de organización social más allá de los sistemas de opresión capitalista, colonial patriarcal.  Al situar el análisis en el tiempo presente, se identifica un continuum entre el movimiento de desantropologización posmoderna en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales y la fáctica minimalización política del sujeto en las dinámicas del mundo neoliberal, en cuyo centro se afirma la ausencia de un concepto y práctica de sujeto políticamente capaz de afrontar la complejidad de la actual crisis civilizatoria. Se trata de un problema teórico – práctico de naturaleza epistémico – política que abre paso a reflexionar sobre el papel de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas en la construcción de respuestas a la pregunta formulada por Zivechi acerca de ¿cómo cambiar el mundo desde la zona del no ser?. Este afronta este interrogante a través de tres momentos. Inicialmente, se parte de un rodeo ontológico para interrogar las concepciones antropológicas en las ciencias sociales y con ello, en el segundo momento, cartografiar desvanecimiento teórico – práctico del sujeto moderno y de sus potencias políticas en el contexto del capitalismo neoliberal, frente a lo cual, en el tercer momento, se esbozan pautas de inspiración para la formación de las subjetividades políticas como un in-surgir desde la alteridad.
Raciale stilheder
Authors: Myong Lene
Published: February 2023

Artiklen bygger på en ph.d.-afhandling om transnational adoption og racialiseret tilbli- velse. Der er interviewet 35 voksne koreansk adopterede, født mellem 1967-81. Afhandlin- gen er rettet mod at producere to niveauer af viden: dels ved at skabe indsigt i transnational adoption på et niveau af levet liv, dels ved at udvikle et begreb om racialiseret subjektive- ring i Danmark. Analyserne viser, hvorledes slægtskab og forbundethed i adoptivfamilien hviler på en betoning af (dansk) etnicitet og nedtoning af racial forskellighed. De raciale stilheder, som konfigureres omkring emner som race og racisme, bliver anskuet i lyset af dominerende idealer om farveblindhed. Analyserne fremløfter en spænding mellem racialisering som erfaret livsvilkår og en kul- turel benægtelse af selvsamme racialisering. Afhandlingen bygger på feministisk, queer og postkoloniale teoridannelser samt en tradition for kritisk adoptionsforskning.
Rozwiązania zdalne w medycynie w dobie pandemii COVID-19 – perspektywa zarządzającego szpitalem wieloprofilowym
Authors:   Wydział Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Centrum Zarządzania w Ochronie Zdrowia, Murawski Marcin
Published: February 2023

The time of the global pandemic COVID-19 initial, popularized, and consolidated virtual medicine in all over the World. A massive change of interpersonal and business relations in global scale has been forced profound modifications on medical market. A visit to a medical doctor, a meeting with a nurse, diagnostic examination will not look the same as before. Facilitating access for patients and reducing cost of system.
Clinical and anatomic description of patients with arteriovenous malformation treated with endovascular therapy in a Mexican population
Authors: Pelayo-Salazar Mallyolo Eliezer , Montenegro-Rosales Héctor Alfredo , Balderrama-Bañares Jorge Luis , Martínez-Arellano Pablo , Campos-Flota Omar Andrés , Mestre-Orozco Laura , López-Valdés Julio César
Published: February 2023

Objective: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are benign congenital lesions. The estimated prevalence is 10-18 per 100,000 individuals, with an incidence rate of 1.1-1.4 per 100,000 person-year; only 12% of AVMs present symptoms during life. It is important to study different characteristics associated with AVMs because these patients require multidisciplinary treatment.Methods: A descriptive, observational, longitudinal, and retrospective study was carried out from January 15, 2016 to October 19, 2021. Convenience sampling was used on patients diagnosed with arteriovenous malformation. Sociodemographic data was obtained, such as: sex, age, site, predominant symptoms, clinical debut, type of malformation, data associated with post therapy evolution, type of embolizing agent used, associated complications, Rankin scale, and death.Results: Data from 535 procedures was collected, we calculated an incidence of 4.4 cases per million inhabitants. Ninety procedures in 56 patients that used endovascular therapy were obtained with a female-male ratio of 0.75 and an age distribution of 35±14 (SD). A 36.3±11.5 (SD) mm diameter was registered. There was a 33% success rate for endovascular surgery.Conclusions: The multidisciplinary treatment of AVMs is made up of three pillar techniques: microsurgical resection, embolization, and radio-neurosurgery. It is extremely important to make an appropriate decision, with an emphasis on achieving better functional outcomes for the patient. Although neurological endovascular therapy was initially used as an adjuvant treatment for neurosurgery and radio-neurosurgery, it has been used more and more frequently as the first line of treatment.
Initial experience with Scepter Mini dual lumen balloon for embolization of cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Manzoor Muhammad U , Almulhim Ibrahim A. , Alrashed Abdullah A. , Althubait Shorog , Alturki Abdulrahman Y. , Al-Qahtani Sultan M.
Published: February 2023

Objective: Endovascular treatment of cerebrovascular diseases is often challenging due to small caliber, tortuous distal vessels. Several devices and techniques have evolved to overcome these challenges. Recently, a low profile dual lumen microballoon catheter, specifically designed for distal navigation is employed for neurovascular procedures. Due to its recent advent, scarce data is available on clinical utility and safety of Scepter Mini. The aim of this case series is to report our initial experience with Scepter Mini in the management of various cerebrovascular diseases.Methods: All interventional neurovascular cases performed using Scepter Mini between January 2020 till April 2021 were included. Data regarding patient demographics, procedural details and complications was retrospectively collected from patient’s electronic medical record and procedure reports.Results: Total twelve embolization procedures were performed in eleven patients, including six brain arteriovenous malformation, two dural arteriovenous fistula, one vein of Galen malformation and three hyper-vascular glomus tumor embolizations. All procedures were successfully performed with adequate penetration of the embolic agent. Complete embolization was performed in six procedures, while intended partial embolization was performed in the rest of procedures. Scepter Mini was solely used in ten procedures, however in the other two embolization procedures it was used as an additional conjunct tool to complete the intended embolization. No balloon related complication was observed in any procedure.Conclusions: Scepter Mini dual lumen microballoon catheter is safe and feasible for delivery of liquid embolic agents for cerebrovascular embolization procedures.
Regulatory dissection of the severe COVID-19 risk locus introgressed by Neanderthals
Authors: Jagoda Evelyn , Marnetto Davide , Senevirathne Gayani , Gonzalez Victoria , Baid Kaushal , Montinaro Francesco , Richard Daniel , Falzarano Darryl , LeBlanc Emmanuelle V , Colpitts Che C , Banerjee Arinjay , Pagani Luca , Capellini Terence D
Published: February 2023

Individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus present with a wide variety of symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe and even lethal outcomes. Past research has revealed a genetic haplotype on chromosome 3 that entered the human population via introgression from Neanderthals as the strongest genetic risk factor for the severe response to COVID-19. However, the specific variants along this introgressed haplotype that contribute to this risk and the biological mechanisms that are involved remain unclear. Here, we assess the variants present on the risk haplotype for their likelihood of driving the genetic predisposition to severe COVID-19 outcomes. We do this by first exploring their impact on the regulation of genes involved in COVID-19 infection using a variety of population genetics and functional genomics tools. We then perform a locus-specific massively parallel reporter assay to individually assess the regulatory potential of each allele on the haplotype in a multipotent immune-related cell line. We ultimately reduce the set of over 600 linked genetic variants to identify four introgressed alleles that are strong functional candidates for driving the association between this locus and severe COVID-19. Using reporter assays in the presence/absence of SARS-CoV-2, we find evidence that these variants respond to viral infection. These variants likely drive the locus’ impact on severity by modulating the regulation of two critical chemokine receptor genes: CCR1 and CCR5. These alleles are ideal targets for future functional investigations into the interaction between host genomics and COVID-19 outcomes.
Activity-based CRISPR scanning uncovers allostery in DNA methylation maintenance machinery
Authors: Ngan Kevin Chun-Ho , Hoenig Samuel M , Kwok Hui Si , Lue Nicholas Z , Gosavi Pallavi M , Tanner David A , Garcia Emma M , Lee Ceejay , Liau Brian B
Published: February 2023

Allostery enables dynamic control of protein function. A paradigmatic example is the tightly orchestrated process of DNA methylation maintenance. Despite the fundamental importance of allosteric sites, their identification remains highly challenging. Here, we perform CRISPR scanning on the essential maintenance methylation machinery—DNMT1 and its partner UHRF1—with the activity-based inhibitor decitabine to uncover allosteric mechanisms regulating DNMT1. In contrast to non-covalent DNMT1 inhibition, activity-based selection implicates numerous regions outside the catalytic domain in DNMT1 function. Through computational analyses, we identify putative mutational hotspots in DNMT1 distal from the active site that encompass mutations spanning a multi-domain autoinhibitory interface and the uncharacterized BAH2 domain. We biochemically characterize these mutations as gain-of-function, exhibiting increased DNMT1 activity. Extrapolating our analysis to UHRF1, we discern putative gain-of-function mutations in multiple domains, including key residues across the autoinhibitory TTD–PBR interface. Collectively, our study highlights the utility of activity-based CRISPR scanning for nominating candidate allosteric sites, and more broadly, introduces new analytical tools that further refine the CRISPR scanning framework.
National Institutes of Health research project grant inflation 1998 to 2021
Authors: Lauer Michael S , Wang Joy , Roychowdhury Deepshikha
Published: February 2023

We analyzed changes in total costs for National Institutes of Health (NIH) awarded Research Project Grants (RPGs) issued from fiscal years (FYs) 1998 to 2021 . Costs are measured in ‘nominal’ terms, meaning exactly as stated, or in ‘real’ terms, meaning after adjustment for inflation. The NIH uses a data-driven price index – the Biomedical Research and Development Price Index (BRDPI) – to account for inflation, enabling assessment of changes in real (that is, BRDPI-adjusted) costs over time. The BRDPI was higher than the general inflation rate from FY1998 until FY2012; since then the BRDPI has been similar to the general inflation rate likely due to caps on senior faculty salary support. Despite increases in nominal costs, recent years have seen increases in the absolute numbers of RPG and R01 awards. Real average and median RPG costs increased during the NIH-doubling (FY1998 to FY2003), decreased after the doubling and have remained relatively stable since. Of note, though, the degree of variation of RPG costs has changed over time, with more marked extremes observed on both higher and lower levels of cost. On both ends of the cost spectrum, the agency is funding a greater proportion of solicited projects, with nearly half of RPG money going toward solicited projects. After adjusting for confounders, we find no independent association of time with BRDPI-adjusted costs; in other words, changes in real costs are largely explained by changes in the composition of the NIH-grant portfolio.
Expansion and loss of sperm nuclear basic protein genes in Drosophila correspond with genetic conflicts between sex chromosomes
Authors: Chang Ching-Ho , Mejia Natividad Isabel , Malik Harmit S
Published: February 2023

Many animal species employ sperm nuclear basic proteins (SNBPs) or protamines to package sperm genomes tightly. SNBPs vary across animal lineages and evolve rapidly in mammals. We used a phylogenomic approach to investigate SNBP diversification in Drosophila species. We found that most SNBP genes in Drosophila melanogaster evolve under positive selection except for genes essential for male fertility. Unexpectedly, evolutionarily young SNBP genes are more likely to be critical for fertility than ancient, conserved SNBP genes. For example, CG30056 is dispensable for male fertility despite being one of three SNBP genes universally retained in Drosophila species. We found 19 independent SNBP gene amplification events that occurred preferentially on sex chromosomes. Conversely, the montium group of Drosophila species lost otherwise-conserved SNBP genes, coincident with an X-Y chromosomal fusion. Furthermore, SNBP genes that became linked to sex chromosomes via chromosomal fusions were more likely to degenerate or relocate back to autosomes. We hypothesize that autosomal SNBP genes suppress meiotic drive, whereas sex-chromosomal SNBP expansions lead to meiotic drive. X-Y fusions in the montium group render autosomal SNBPs dispensable by making X-versus-Y meiotic drive obsolete or costly. Thus, genetic conflicts between sex chromosomes may drive SNBP rapid evolution during spermatogenesis in Drosophila species.
Dynamic thresholding search for the feedback vertex set problem
Authors: Sun Wen , Hao Jin-Kao , Wu Zihao , Li Wenlong , Wu Qinghua
Published: February 2023

Given a directed graph G = (V, E), a feedback vertex set is a vertex subset C whose removal makes the graph G acyclic. The feedback vertex set problem is to find the subset C* whose cardinality is the minimum. As a general model, this problem has a variety of applications. However, the problem is known to be NP-hard, and thus computationally challenging. To solve this difficult problem, this article develops an iterated dynamic thresholding search algorithm, which features a combination of local optimization, dynamic thresholding search, and perturbation. Computational experiments on 101 benchmark graphs from various sources demonstrate the advantage of the algorithm compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms, by reporting record-breaking best solutions for 24 graphs, equally best results for 75 graphs, and worse best results for only two graphs. We also study how the key components of the algorithm affect its performance of the algorithm.
Rapid growth in Late Cretaceous sea turtles reveals life history strategies similar to extant leatherbacks
Authors: Wilson Laura E.
Published: February 2023

Modern sea turtle long bone osteohistology has been surprisingly well-studied, as it is used to understand sea turtle growth and the timing of life history events, thus informing conservation decisions. Previous histologic studies reveal two distinct bone growth patterns in extant sea turtle taxa, with Dermochelys (leatherbacks) growing faster than the cheloniids (all other living sea turtles). Dermochelys also has a unique life history compared to other sea turtles (large size, elevated metabolism, broad biogeographic distribution, etc.) that is likely linked to bone growth strategies. Despite the abundance of data on modern sea turtle bone growth, extinct sea turtle osteohistology is virtually unstudied. Here, long bone microstructure of the large, Cretaceous sea turtle Protostega gigas is examined to better understand its life history. Humeral and femoral analysis reveals bone microstructure patterns similar to Dermochelys with variable but sustained rapid growth through early ontogeny. Similarities between Progostegea and Dermochelys osteohistology suggest similar life history strategies like elevated metabolic rates with rapid growth to large body size and sexual maturity. Comparison to the more basal protostegid Desmatochelys indicates elevated growth rates are not present throughout the entire Protostegidae, but evolved in larger and more derived taxa, possibly in response to Late Cretaceous ecological changes. Given the uncertainties in the phylogenetic placement of the Protostegidae, these results either support convergent evolution towards rapid growth and elevated metabolism in both derived protostegids and dermochelyids, or a close evolutionary relationship between the two taxa. Better understanding the evolution and diversity of sea turtle life history strategies during the Late Cretaceous greenhouse climate can also impact current sea turtle conservation decisions.
Assessment of the effects of Annona muricata leaf aqueous extract in vitro
Authors: Liliána Buzogáňová , Martin Kello , Martina Bago Pilátová , Ogurčáková Daniela , Vašková Janka
Published: February 2023

Background:  The extracts of Annona muricata, also known as graviola, form part of traditional medicine.

Objectives: Verification of their effects and elucidation of their mechanisms is beneficial in terms of the utility of these extracts in treatment or prevention.

Methods: We monitored the effectiveness of an extract of dried graviola leaves available for direct consumption on cancer cell lines and isolated rat liver mitochondria.

Results: The Jurkat cell line exhibited the highest, sensitivity, with the metabolic activity of cells reaching less than 10% at the highest tested concentration. The effect was dose-dependent. The viability of Jurkat cells was affected after more than the 72 hours. At the same time, there was also a reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential. At 24 to 48 hours incubation, no increase was found in the activity of caspase-3 but increased levels were found for the non-phosphorylated form of Bcl-2. Higher concentrations of graviola affected the mitochondrial redox state by dramatically reducing the levels of reduced glutathione. This was achieved through reduction in the activity of glutathione-S-transferase.

Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the studied preparation of graviola displayed cytotoxic effects on some cells, depending on the dose and length of action.
What to Know About Vibrio vulnificus
Authors: Walter Kristin
Published: February 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes Vibrio vulnificus infection, its signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.
Association of Past and Future Paid Medical Malpractice Claims
Authors: Hyman David A. , Lerner Joshua , Magid David J. , Black Bernard
Published: February 2023

Importance

Many physicians believe that most medical malpractice claims are random events. This study assessed the association of prior paid claims (including a single prior claim) with future paid claims; whether public disclosure of prior paid claims affects future paid claims; and whether the association of prior and future paid claims decayed over time.

Objective

To examine the association of 1 or more prior paid medical malpractice claims with future paid claims.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study assessed the association between prior paid claims (including a single prior claim) with future claims; whether public disclosure of prior claims affects future paid claims; and whether the association of prior and future paid claims decayed over time. This retrospective case-control study included all 881 876 licensed physicians in the US. All data analysis took place between July, 2018 and January, 2023.

Exposure

Paid medical malpractice claims.

Main Outcome and Measures

Association between a prior paid medical malpractice claim and likelihood of a paid claim in a future period, compared with simulated results expected if paid claims are random events. Using the same outcomes, we also assessed whether public disclosure of paid claims affects future paid claim rates.

Results

This study included all 881 876 physicians licensed to practice in the US at the time of the study. Overall, 3.3% of the 841 961 physicians with 0 paid claims in the prior period had 1 or more claims in the future period vs 12.4% of the 34 512 physicians with 1 paid claim in the prior period; 22.4% of the 4189 physicians with 2 paid claims in the prior period; and 37% of the 1214 physicians with 3 paid claims in the prior period. The association between prior claims and future claims was similar for high-medical-malpractice-risk and lower-risk specialties; 1 prior-period claim was associated with a 3.1 times higher likelihood of a future-period claim for high-risk specialties (95% CI, 2.8-3.4) vs a 4.2 times higher likelihood for lower-risk specialties (95% CI, 3.8-4.6). The predictive power of a prior paid claim for future claims declined gradually as the time since the prior claim increased, for prior or future periods up to 10 years. Public disclosure did not affect the association between prior and future paid claims.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study of paid medical malpractice claims for all US physicians, a single prior paid claim was associated with substantial, long-lived higher future claim risk, independent of whether a physician was practicing in a high- or low-risk specialty, or whether a state publicly disclosed paid claims. Timely, noncoercive intervention, including education, has the potential to reduce future claims.
Association of Long-term Exposure to Air Pollution With Late-Life Depression in Older Adults in the US
Authors: Qiu Xinye , Shi Liuhua , Kubzansky Laura D. , Wei Yaguang , Castro Edgar , Li Haomin , Weisskopf Marc G. , Schwartz Joel D.
Published: February 2023

Importance

Emerging evidence has suggested harmful associations of air pollutants with neurodegenerative diseases among older adults. However, little is known about outcomes regarding late-life mental disorders, such as geriatric depression.

Objective

To investigate if long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with increased risk of late-life depression diagnosis among older adults in the US.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based longitudinal cohort study consisted of US Medicare enrollees older than 64 years. Data were obtained from the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Chronic Conditions Warehouse. The participants were continuously enrolled in the Fee-for-Service program and both Medicare Part A and Part B. After the 5-year washout period at entry, a total of 8 907 422 unique individuals were covered over the study period of 2005 to 2016, who contributed to 1 526 690 late-onset depression diagnoses. Data analyses were performed between March 2022 and November 2022.

Exposures

The exposures consisted of residential long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), measured in micrograms per cubic meter; nitrogen dioxide (NO2), measured in parts per billion; and ozone (O3), measured in parts per billion.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Late-life depression diagnoses were identified via information from all available Medicare claims (ie, hospital inpatient, skilled nursing facility, home health agency, hospital outpatient, and physician visits). Date of the first occurrence was obtained. Hazard ratios and percentage change in risk were estimated via stratified Cox proportional hazards models accounting for climate coexposures, neighborhood greenness, socioeconomic conditions, health care access, and urbanicity level.

Results

A total of 8 907 422 Medicare enrollees were included in this study with 56.8% being female individuals and 90.2% being White individuals. The mean (SD) age at entry (after washout period) was 73.7 (4.8) years. Each 5-unit increase in long-term mean exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 was associated with an adjusted percentage increase in depression risk of 0.91% (95% CI, 0.02%-1.81%), 0.61% (95% CI, 0.31%- 0.92%), and 2.13% (95% CI, 1.63%-2.64%), respectively, based on a tripollutant model. Effect size heterogeneity was found among subpopulations by comorbidity condition and neighborhood contextual backgrounds.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study among US Medicare enrollees, harmful associations were observed between long-term exposure to air pollution and increased risk of late-life depression diagnosis.
Clinical Outcomes and Hospital Utilization Among Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery With Telemedicine Preoperative Care
Authors: Hlavin Callie , Ingraham Phoebe , Byrd Tamara , Hyre Nathan , Gabriel Lucine , Agrawal Nishant , Allen Laura , Kenkre Tanya , Watson Andrew , Kaynar Murat , Ahmed Bestoun , Courcoulas Anita
Published: February 2023

Importance

Bariatric surgery is the mainstay of treatment for medically refractory obesity; however, it is underutilized. Telemedicine affords patient cost and time savings and may increase availability and accessibility of bariatric surgery.

Objective

To determine clinical outcomes and postoperative hospital utilization for patients undergoing bariatric surgery who receive fully remote vs in-person preoperative care.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study comparing postoperative clinical outcomes and hospital utilization after telemedicine or in-person preoperative surgical evaluation included patients treated at a US academic hospital. Participants underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy after telemedicine or in-person preoperative surgical evaluation between July 1, 2020, to December 22, 2021, or January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, respectively. Follow-up was 60 days from date of surgery.

Exposures

Telemedicine-based preoperative care.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Clinical outcomes, including operating room delay, procedure duration, length of hospital stay (LOS), and major adverse events (MAE), and postoperative hospital resource utilization, including emergency department (ED) visit or hospital readmission within 30 days of the surgical procedure.

Results

A total of 1182 patients were included; patients in the telemedicine group were younger (mean [SD] age, 40.8 [12.5] years vs 43.0 [12.2] years; P = .01) and more likely to be female (230 of 257 [89.5%] vs 766 of 925 [82.8%]; P = .01) compared with the control group. The control group had a higher frequency of comorbidity (887 of 925 [95.9%] vs 208 of 257 [80.9%]; P < .001). The telemedicine group was found to be noninferior to the control group with respect to operating room delay (mean [SD] minutes, 7.8 [25.1]; 95% CI, 5.1-10.5 vs 4.2 [11.1]; 95% CI, 1.0-7.4; P = .002), procedure duration (mean [SD] minutes, 134.4 [52.8]; 95% CI, 130.9-137.8 vs 105.3 [41.5]; 95% CI, 100.2-110.4; P < .001), LOS (mean [SD] days, 1.9 [1.1]; 95% CI, 1.8-1.9 vs 2.1 [1.0]; 95% CI, 1.9-2.2; P < .001), MAE within 30 days (3.8%; 95% CI, 3.0%-5.7% vs 1.6%; 95% CI, 0.4%-3.9%; P = .001), MAE between 31 and 60 days (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.3%-3.3% vs 1.6%; 95% CI, 0.4%-3.9%; P < .001), frequency of ER visits (18.8%; 95% CI, 16.3%-21.4% vs 17.9%; 95% CI, 13.2%-22.6%; P = .03), and hospital readmission (10.1%; 95% CI, 8.1%-12.0% vs 6.6%; 95% CI, 3.9%-10.4%; P = .02).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, clinical outcomes in the telemedicine group were not inferior to the control group. This observation suggests that telemedicine can be used safely and effectively for bariatric surgical preoperative care.
3D‐Printed Robust Dual Superlyophobic Ti‐Based Porous Structure for Switchable Oil/Water Emulsion Separations
Authors: Yang Yu , Ren Zhiying , Zhou Chunhui , Lin Youxi , Hou Linxi , Shi Linwei , Zhong Shuncong
Published: February 2023

Smart surfaces with responsive wettability are unstable, and depend upon continuous external stimuli, which limits their widespread application in switchable oil/water emulsions separations. In this study, a Ti‐based 3D porous structure (SLM‐3DTi) is printed using advanced selective laser melting (SLM) technology for the switchable separation of oil/water emulsion. With the assistance of the computer program, porous structure and re‐entrant texture can be easily designed and printed in one step. Without any continuous external stimulus, the wettability of SLM‐3DTi can be reversibly switched between underwater superoleophobicity and underoil superhydrophobicity simply by drying and washing cycles. The SLM‐3DTi achieves switchable surfactant‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsion (SSE(o/w)) and surfactants‐stabilized water‐in‐oil emulsion (SSE(w/o)) separation with purity above 99.8% at a flux of more than 2000 L m−2 h−1. In addition, the re‐entrant texture of the SLM‐3DTi surface is formed with the partially melting powder particles on the part contour, which has much stronger mechanical durability than any binder. Furthermore, SLM‐3DTi has excellent corrosion resistance due to the material properties of Ti. More importantly, based on the visualization analysis of the simulation, the mechanism of SLM‐3DTi emulsion separation is further elucidated. Therefore, SLM‐3DTi has broad practical application potential for high‐flux, high‐purity, and switchable oil/water emulsion separation.
Structural Symmetry Impressing Carrier Dynamics of Halide Perovskite
Authors: Guo Huajun , Yi Shenghui , Yang Shuai , Jiao Yinan , Qin Shengjian , Li Rui , Wang Ye , Li Hao , Xia Yuanhua , Zhang Yang , Liang Zishang , Yan Rongrong , Liu Huan , Zhao Jinjin
Published: February 2023

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have been one of the most promising materials for the photoelectric, electro‐optical, and all‐optical conversion devices, thanks to their excellent energy conversion. To investigate the energy conversion induced by structural symmetry, herein, the carrier dynamics and dielectric properties in MHPs are surveyed and reviewed as the microscopic and macroscopic bridge, respectively. The intrinsic correlations between the structural symmetry broken, carrier dynamics, and energy conversion performance are systematically analyzed by considering the energy band structures and dielectric constants. The internal energy conversion mechanisms are elucidated to pave the way for the perovskite advanced applications.
Reaction Site Designation by Intramolecular Electric Field in Tröger's‐Base‐Derived Conjugated Microporous Polymer for Near‐Unity Selectivity of CO2 Photoconversion
Authors: Tang Zheng , Xu Shengyu , Yin Nan , Yang Yong , Deng Qinghua , Shen Jinyou , Zhang Xiaoyue , Wang Tianyu , He Huichao , Lin Xiangyang , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang
Published: February 2023

To facilitate solar‐driven overall CO2 and H2O convsersion into fuels and O2, a series of covalent microporous polymers derived from Tröger's base are synthesized featuring flexural backbone and unusual charge‐transfer properties. The incorporation of rigid structural twist Tröger's base unit grants the polymers enhanced microporosity and CO2 adsorption/activation capacity. Density function theory calculations and photo‐electrochemical analyses reveal that an electric dipole moment (from negative to positive) directed to the Tröger's base unit is formed across two obliquely opposed molecular fragments and induces an intramolecular electric field. The Tröger's base unit located at folding point becomes an electron trap to attract photogenerated electrons in the molecular network, which brings about suppression of carrier recombination and designates the reaction site in synergy with the conjugated network. In response to the discrepancy in reaction pathways across the reaction sites, the product allocation in the catalytic reaction is thereby regulated. Optimally, CMP‐nTB achieves the highest photocatalytic CO production of 163.53 µmol g−1 h−1 with approximately unity selectivity, along with H2O oxidation to O2 in the absence of any photosensitizer or co‐catalyst. This work provides new insight for developing specialized artificial organic photocatalysts.
Exploring Optimal Water Splitting Bifunctional Alloy Catalyst by Pareto Active Learning
Authors: Kim Minki , Kim Yesol , Ha Min Young , Shin Euichul , Kwak Seung Jae , Park Minhee , Kim Il‐Doo , Jung Woo‐Bin , Lee Won Bo , Kim YongJoo , Jung Hee‐Tae
Published: February 2023

Design of bifunctional multimetallic alloy catalysts, which are one of the most promising candidates for water splitting, is a significant issue for the efficient production of renewable energy. Owing to large dimensions of the components and composition of multimetallic alloys, as well as the trade‐off behavior in terms of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotentials for bifunctional catalysts, it is difficult to search for high‐performance bifunctional catalysts with multimetallic alloys using conventional trial‐and‐error experiments. Here, an optimal bifunctional catalyst for water splitting is obtained by combining Pareto active learning and experiments, where 110 experimental data points out of 77946 possible points lead to effective model development. The as‐obtained bifunctional catalysts for HER and OER exhibit high performance, which is revealed by model development using Pareto active learning; among the catalysts, an optimal catalyst (Pt0.15Pd0.30Ru0.30Cu0.25) exhibits a water splitting behavior of 1.56 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. This study opens avenues for the efficient exploration of multimetallic alloys, which can be applied in multifunctional catalysts as well as in other applications.
Ultrathin Acoustic Holography
Authors: Li Xin , Liu Ming‐Hao , Li Zong‐Lin , Zou Xin‐Ye , Zhu Xue‐Feng , Liang Bin , Cheng Jian‐Chun
Published: February 2023

How to realize acoustic holography via ultradeep‐subwavelength structures is a challenging problem in the past decades, which is thought impossible due to the linear proportional relationship between the structural thickness and acoustic wavelength. In this article, the methodology of ultrathin holography by patterning holes in an acoustic insulation plate with an ultradeep‐subwavelength thickness is introduced. The transmitted sound field can be manipulated arbitrarily to form a desired shape by designing the ultrathin pattern based on the nonlocal wave interaction theory. The physical mechanism of the nonlocal behavior to achieve a sophisticated hologram is revealed due to the interaction among the sound wave components themselves. Furthermore, the experiments are designed to map out the pressure amplitude field of a “sun” pattern in air and water, respectively. The work demonstrates the advantage of nonlocal ultrathin holography in the applications of ultrathin acoustic devices and provides inspiration for the holographic wave manipulation.
Thorium‐Doped Lithium Fluoride Single Crystal: A Potential Promising Candidate for Solid State Nuclear Optical Clock Materials
Authors: Gong Qiaorui , Zhao Chengchun , Tao Siliang , Hang Yin , Zhu Shining , Ma Longsheng
Published: February 2023

The solid‐state nuclear optical clock based on 229Th‐doped crystal has great advantages in frequency stability, excitation and detection of nuclear transition, miniaturization, commercialization, and spaceborne ability of nuclear optical clock. Here, the potential of LiF crystal as a host for Th ions is predicted by theoretical calculation, and on this basis, the Th:LiF crystal is successfully grown experimentally for the first time. The theoretical results demonstrate that although the challenges of charge nonconservation and ion radius mismatch between Li+ and Th4+ ions exist, effective doping of thorium can still be achieved via energetically favorable charge compensation mechanisms in an F‐rich environment, and the transmittance of Th:LiF crystal in nuclear transition band will only have a slight decrease, smaller than that of pure LiF crystal. The experimental results prove that the doping concentration of Th:LiF crystal can reach about 8.3 × 1018 cm−3 and the transmittances of 1 mm thick Th:LiF and pure LiF crystal samples grown in similar conditions are ≈68% and 72% at 152.7 nm, respectively. The Th:LiF crystal with high doping concentration, high transmittance, and low background luminescence is expected to be a promising candidate for solid‐state nuclear optical clock materials.