bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of volcanic aerosol on stratospheric NO2 and N2O5 from 2002–2014 as measured by Odin-OSIRIS and Envisat-MIPAS
Authors: Adams Cristen , Bourassa Adam E. , McLinden Chris A. , Sioris Chris E. , von Clarmann Thomas , Funke Bernd , Rieger Landon A. , Degenstein Douglas A.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Following the large volcanic eruptions of Pinatubo in 1991 and El Chichón in 1982, decreases in stratospheric NO2 associated with enhanced aerosol were observed. The Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (OSIRIS) measured the widespread enhancements of stratospheric aerosol following seven volcanic eruptions between 2002 and 2014, although the magnitudes of these eruptions were all much smaller than the Pinatubo and El Chichón eruptions. In order to isolate and quantify the relationship between volcanic aerosol and NO2, NO2 anomalies were calculated using measurements from OSIRIS and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). In the tropics, variability due to the quasi-biennial oscillation was subtracted from the time series. OSIRIS profile measurements indicate that the strongest anticorrelations between NO2 and volcanic aerosol extinction were for the 5 km layer starting  ∼  3 km above the climatological mean tropopause at the given latitude. OSIRIS stratospheric NO2 partial columns in this layer were found to be smaller than background NO2 levels during these aerosol enhancements by up to  ∼  60 % with typical Pearson correlation coefficients of R ∼ −0. 7. MIPAS also observed decreases in NO2 partial columns during periods affected by volcanic aerosol, with percent differences of up to  ∼  25 % relative to background levels. An even stronger anticorrelation was observed between OSIRIS aerosol optical depth and MIPAS N2O5 partial columns, with R ∼ −0. 9, although no link with MIPAS HNO3 was observed. The variation in OSIRIS NO2 with increasing aerosol was found to be consistent with simulations from a photochemical box model within the estimated model uncertainty.
Pan-Arctic aerosol number size distributions: seasonality and transport patterns
Authors: Freud Eyal , Krejci Radovan , Tunved Peter , Leaitch Richard , Nguyen Quynh T. , Massling Andreas , Skov Henrik , Barrie Leonard
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The Arctic environment has an amplified response to global climatic change. It is sensitive to human activities that mostly take place elsewhere. For this study, a multi-year set of observed aerosol number size distributions in the diameter range of 10 to 500 nm from five sites around the Arctic Ocean (Alert, Villum Research Station – Station Nord, Zeppelin, Tiksi and Barrow) was assembled and analysed.A cluster analysis of the aerosol number size distributions revealed four distinct distributions. Together with Lagrangian air parcel back-trajectories, they were used to link the observed aerosol number size distributions with a variety of transport regimes. This analysis yields insight into aerosol dynamics, transport and removal processes, on both an intra- and an inter-monthly scale. For instance, the relative occurrence of aerosol number size distributions that indicate new particle formation (NPF) event is near zero during the dark months, increases gradually to  ∼ 40 % from spring to summer, and then collapses in autumn. Also, the likelihood of Arctic haze aerosols is minimal in summer and peaks in April at all sites.The residence time of accumulation-mode particles in the Arctic troposphere is typically long enough to allow tracking them back to their source regions. Air flow that passes at low altitude over central Siberia and western Russia is associated with relatively high concentrations of accumulation-mode particles (Nacc) at all five sites – often above 150 cm−3. There are also indications of air descending into the Arctic boundary layer after transport from lower latitudes.The analysis of the back-trajectories together with the meteorological fields along them indicates that the main driver of the Arctic annual cycle of Nacc, on the larger scale, is when atmospheric transport covers the source regions for these particles in the 10-day period preceding the observations in the Arctic. The scavenging of these particles by precipitation is shown to be important on a regional scale and it is most active in summer. Cloud processing is an additional factor that enhances the Nacc annual cycle.There are some consistent differences between the sites that are beyond the year-to-year variability. They are the result of differences in the proximity to the aerosol source regions and to the Arctic Ocean sea-ice edge, as well as in the exposure to free-tropospheric air and in precipitation patterns – to mention a few. Hence, for most purposes, aerosol observations from a single Arctic site cannot represent the entire Arctic region. Therefore, the results presented here are a powerful observational benchmark for evaluation of detailed climate and air chemistry modelling studies of aerosols throughout the vast Arctic region.
Technical Note: Comparison of methane ebullition modelling approaches used in terrestrial wetland models
Authors: Peltola Olli , Raivonen Maarit , Li Xuefei , Vesala Timo
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Emission via bubbling, i.e. ebullition, is one of the main methane (CH4) emission pathways from wetlands to the atmosphere. Direct measurement of gas bubble formation, growth and release in the peat-water matrix is challenging and in consequence these processes are relatively unknown and are coarsely represented in current wetland CH4 emission models. In this study we aimed to evaluate three ebullition modelling approaches and their effect on model performance. This was achieved by implementing the three approaches in one process based CH4 emission model. All the approaches were based on some kind of threshold: either on CH4 pore water concentration (ECT), pressure (EPT) or free-phase gas volume (EBG) threshold. The model was run using four years of data from a boreal sedge fen and the results were compared against eddy covariance measurements of CH4 fluxes. Modelled annual CH4 emissions were largely unaffected by the different ebullition modelling approaches, however temporal variability of CH4 emissions varied an order of magnitude between the approaches. Hence the ebullition modelling approach drives the temporal variability of modelled CH4 emissions and therefore significantly impacts for instance high-frequency (daily scale) model comparison and calibration against measurements. The modelling approach based on the most recent knowledge of the ebullition process (volume threshold, EBG) agreed the best with the measured fluxes (R2 = 0.71) and hence produced the most reasonable results. The approach should be favoured over the two other more widely used ebullition modelling approaches and researchers are encouraged to implement it into their CH4 emission models.
Participação Cidadã no contexto da internet: um estudo sobre o uso de mídia social por lideranças comunitárias na região centro-oeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Roso Adriane , Silva Sandra Rubia da
Published: July 2017

Buscando adensar as reflexões no campo de Estudos da Cultura Material, esse artigo relata parte de uma pesquisa de pós-doutorado. A partir de um delineamento etnográfico, o objetivo geral foi entender os impactos sociais da apropriação da internet por líderes comunitários. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma comunidade no sul do Brasil. Durante 11 meses, a rede social Facebook de um líder comunitário e sua esposa foi seguida. Especificamente, intencionou-se analisar as postagens relacionadas a questões comunitárias com o intento de identificar elementos relacionados à participação cidadã. Entre outros aspectos, foi encontrado que o Facebook é um espaço que possibilita a participação cidadã. Concluiu-se que o Facebook foi utilizado especialmente como uma ferramenta política, ainda que essa participação esteja diretamente vinculada à arena privada.
Advento do marketing católico e o processo de midiatização da religião: análise empírica da revista do IBMC
Authors: Marques Luís Henrique
Published: July 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma análise crítica preliminar sobre como se dá o processo de midiatização da religião no âmbito da Igreja Católica no Brasil, especificamente em segmentos que atuam na área do marketing católico. Como corpus dessa análise, foram utilizadas as edições anuais de 2007 a 2014 da revista oficial do Instituto Brasileiro de Marketing Católico (IBMC), um dos principais organismos que atuam nessa área. Como método, são propostos alguns critérios de análise que possam identificar, empiricamente, o processo de midiatização da religião mediante a manifestação de ideias e experiências concretas de aplicação do marketing católico, assim como são veiculadas nas páginas da revista oficial do IBMC. Por fim, o trabalho busca demonstrar como a lógica da mídia, via estratégias de marketing, ganha espaço no que tange à forma de pensar e fazer a religião entre os católicos romanos no Brasil.
ESTÁ NA PAUTA DELIBERAR? UMA ANÁLISE DA DELIBERAÇÃO SOBRE A MAIORIDADE PENAL NA FOLHA DE S. PAULO
Authors: Ferracioli Paulo , Rizzotto Carla
Published: July 2017

Os meios de comunicação possuem uma função vital para a democracia contemporânea pois se caracterizam como um fórum de debate cívico. Com o intuito de descobrir se os meios de comunicação de massa conseguem servir como espaços deliberativos adequados, são analisadas 19 matérias relativas ao tema da maioridade penal da Folha de S. Paulo, publicadas ao longo de 45 dias em 2015. Para tanto são utilizadas as categorias propostas por Maia (2008) para investigar a deliberação: acessibilidade; identificação e caracterização dos interlocutores; utilização de argumentos; reciprocidade e responsividade; reflexividade e revisibilidade de opiniões. Entre as conclusões, destaca-se uma predominância de fontes oficiais para a discussão de temas. Ainda, não houve espaço para que aspectos como a reciprocidade e a revisibilidade de opiniões pudessem ocorrer a contento.
Occupational medicine’s role in return to work of the nurse bitten by belgian sheperds: Report of a case
Authors: Hrvoje Lalić , Ivana Šutić , Jana Tominić
Published: July 2017

The aim is to accentuate the role of Occupational medicine (OM) when establishing fitness for work. A nurse, now 55, in 2014 was attacked by two Belgian Shepherds whilst picking asparagus in woods. She suffered scalp (still today partially without hair) and thorax injuries and on extremities partial and permanent muscles loss. She was treated by a surgeon, neurologist, psychologist, and psychiatrist. Applied were Cognitive Non – Verbal Test (CNT), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-201), Stress Perception Scale (PSS-10) and Beck’s depression inventory. The patient is on sick leave since March 2014. In December 2015 she came to OM specialist for work assessment. After suffering polytrauma it was suggested she takes on a less demanding job for the beginning of reintegration. Although unstable and walking with a crutch, the patient expressed strong will to go back to work. The management at the time did not find appropriate workplace for her, so she stayed on sick leave until April 2017. Then the new OM assessment was demanded. CNT showed that general intellectual efficacy is preserved and that the functioning is on the average level. MMPI showed increased levels for hypochondria, anxiety, aggressiveness, schizoid behavior and conversion. At the end, it was concluded that at present the patient was not capable to work as a nurse for now, but she could work as a clerk. The patient fully accepted that decision as well as the new management.
A Study on the Rationale of Social Media Use by the Students of King Khalid University
Authors: Ahmed Sayed Salahuddin , Hassan Abdulkhaleq Q. A.
Published: July 2017

s not it deplorable that in a country that tops in the entire world in using several social media sites does not utilize the same media in acquiring knowledge and skills? In Saudi Arabia, undergraduate students spend a significant amount of time on social media every day, but they are reluctant (or not motivated enough) to use the same media for educational purposes. This study was carried out on the undergraduate English majors of King Khalid University in Muhayil Asir in Saudi Arabia. In the English department, every student carries at least one smart phone with Internet connection, and they are found occupied with their phones on the campus, sometimes even in classrooms, but they are weak both in subject knowledge and skills of English language. The teachers-cum-researchers were baffled with students’ competence because regular users of Internet and social media are supposed to be updated with the subject knowledge as well as confident in using English language. The researchers designed an empirical study to explore students’ rationale of using the social media and their language preference. The study concludes with gloomy findings that students use the media mainly for entertainment and ineffective communication in English language. The worst fact is: they are not motivated enough to use the social media for educational purposes.
Effects of U.S. Bilateral Trade with China on U.S. Economic Growth
Authors: Wang Yongqing
Published: July 2017

It is widely seen exports could promote growth, while imports may hinder growth. Thus, the huge amount of U.S. trade deficit with China causes some tension between these two countries. This study investigates the possible effects of U.S. exports to China and U.S. imports from China on U.S. growth in the long run. By applying Autoregressive Distributed Lags Model and employing annual data from 1985 to 2016, we are able to show that the effects of U.S. bilateral trade with China on U.S. growth are distinct from the effects of U.S. total exports and imports. Further, although U.S. exports to China do not affect U.S. growth in the long run, U.S. imports from China may actually promote U.S. growth in the long run.
Sign of Permutations Induced by Anick and Nagata-Anick Automorphisms over Finite Fields
Authors: Hakuta Keisuke
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we investigate the sign of permutations induced by the Anick automorphism and the Nagata-Anick automorphism over finite fields. We shall prove that if the Anick automorphism and the Nagata-Anick automorphism are defined over a prime field of characteristic two, they induce odd permutations, and otherwise, they induce even permutations.
Aletta J. Norval: Averzivní demokracie: Dědictví a originalita v demokratické tradici
Authors: Sekerák Marián
Published: July 2017

Knižní recenze / book review.
Peter Emerson: From Majority Rule to Inclusive Politics. Electing a Power-Sharing Coalition
Authors: Chytilek Roman
Published: July 2017

Knižní recenze / book review.
Perfiles turísticos en función de las motivaciones para viajar
Authors: Beltrán Bueno Miguel Ángel , Parra Meroño María Concepción
Published: July 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo es la obtención de clusters o perfiles turísticos en función de las motivaciones turísticas, siguiendo el modelo de Crompton. Se ha realizado una encuesta a 859 personas a las que se preguntó por sus motivaciones a la hora de viajar, intención de viajar, búsqueda de información, percepción de la imagen de destino, forma de tomar las decisiones, cantidad de viajes, duración y gasto realizado y características sociodemográficas. Mediante un análisis de conglomerados se han obtenido cuatro perfiles turísticos: racionales, antropológicos, emocionales y hedonistas.
La diversificación de la oferta turística como alternativa para minimizar la estacionalidad: el caso de los eventos en Balneário Camboriú (Santa Catarina, Brasil)
Authors: Calçada de Lamare Leite Fabiana
Published: July 2017

El artículo analiza la diversificación de la oferta turística con la realización de eventos cómo una alternativa para reducir la estacionalidad. La ciudad de estudio es Balneário Camboriú, en el estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. El enfoque de la investigación es bibliográfico. El marco teórico aborda el concepto de estacionalidad y el caso del Balneário Camboriú a partir de un enfoque histórico de la estructuración de la actividad turística en la ciudad y la identificación de los eventos como alternativa de diversificación de la oferta turística.
Los mercados de abastos y su comercialización como producto de turismo de experiencias. El caso de Madrid
Authors: García Henche Blanca
Published: July 2017

La demanda turística actual está viviendo una gran transformación. La experiencia se ha convertido en objeto esencial del viaje y el cliente siente cada vez más la necesidad de experimentar un destino para optimizar su vivencia del mismo. En este contexto, el turismo gastronómico adquiere gran relevancia y los mercados de abastos se posicionan como espacios turísticos. El caso de la ciudad de Madrid sirve para ilustrar  esta realidad, donde los mercados se convierten en recursos culturales, es decir, espacios que reivindican la gastronomía y el estilo de vida local como experiencia turística.
El cluster turístico de un destino cultural en México: su ciclo de vida y la red de actores
Authors: Gómez Díaz Javier , Torres Valdez Julio César , Miguel Velasco Andrés Enrique
Published: July 2017

En este artículo, se analiza el grado de conformación del clúster del destino turístico de la ciudad de Oaxaca, México. Un elemento central en este ciclo es el grado de consolidación de las relaciones entre los actores que en él participan, por lo cual se analizan las redes sociales para determinar la fase del ciclo de vida del cluster. La hipótesis propuesta es que el grado de desarrollo del clúster de este destino es de gestación debido a la escasa vinculación entre los actores que lo conforman, la cual se confirma con los resultados empíricos que reflejan una red de baja densidad.
The Bumpy Road of EULEX as an Exporter of Rule of Law in Kosovo
Authors: Skara Gentjan
Published: July 2017

This paper analyses EULEX mission in Kosovo (hereafter EULEX) as an exporter of rule of law. From the deployment of the mission, two mainstream discourses have coined the effectiveness of EULEX establishing the rule of law in Kosovo. From the Brussels point of view, EULEX has marked a lot of progress in promoting the rule of law in Kosovo. On the other hand, based on international indexes and other secondary sources, EULEX has been harshly criticised to deliver its promises in strengthening the rule of law institutions, fighting organised crime, war crimes and reducing corruption. Beyond these discourses, the paper tries to explore whether, how and to what extent, EULEX has promoted rule of law in Kosovo. The paper argues that EULEX has failed to promote rule of law in Kosovo due to 1) the costs of adaptation or compliance as function of the misfit between EULEX institutional approach on rule of law and domestic conditions and 2) incapacity of Kosovo rule of law institutions to interact with EULEX in strengthening the rule of law as a result of political interference on judiciary and police sector.
Exophilin-8 assembles secretory granules for exocytosis in the actin cortex via interaction with RIM-BP2 and myosin-VIIa
Authors: Fan Fushun , Matsunaga Kohichi , Wang Hao , Ishizaki Ray , Kobayashi Eri , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Mukumoto Yoshiko , Okunishi Katsuhide , Izumi Tetsuro
Published: July 2017

Exophilin-8 has been reported to play a role in anchoring secretory granules within the actin cortex, due to its direct binding activities to Rab27 on the granule membrane and to F-actin and its motor protein, myosin-Va. Here, we show that exophilin-8 accumulates granules in the cortical F-actin network not by direct interaction with myosin-Va, but by indirect interaction with a specific form of myosin-VIIa through its previously unknown binding partner, RIM-BP2. RIM-BP2 also associates with exocytic machinery, Cav1.3, RIM, and Munc13-1. Disruption of the exophilin-8–RIM-BP2–myosin-VIIa complex by ablation or knockdown of each component markedly decreases both the peripheral accumulation and exocytosis of granules. Furthermore, exophilin-8-null mouse pancreatic islets lose polarized granule localization at the β-cell periphery and exhibit impaired insulin secretion. This newly identified complex acts as a physical and functional scaffold and provides a mechanism supporting a releasable pool of granules within the F-actin network beneath the plasma membrane.
Increasing evidence of mechanical force as a functional regulator in smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase
Authors: Baumann Fabian , Bauer Magnus Sebastian , Rees Martin , Alexandrovich Alexander , Gautel Mathias , Pippig Diana Angela , Gaub Hermann Eduard
Published: July 2017

Mechanosensitive proteins are key players in cytoskeletal remodeling, muscle contraction, cell migration and differentiation processes. Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (smMLCK) is a member of a diverse group of serine/threonine kinases that feature cytoskeletal association. Its catalytic activity is triggered by a conformational change upon Ca2+/calmodulin (Ca2+/CaM) binding. Due to its significant homology with the force-activated titin kinase, smMLCK is suspected to be also regulatable by mechanical stress. In this study, a CaM-independent activation mechanism for smMLCK by mechanical release of the inhibitory elements is investigated via high throughput AFM single-molecule force spectroscopy. The characteristic pattern of transitions between different smMLCK states and their variations in the presence of different substrates and ligands are presented. Interaction between kinase domain and regulatory light chain (RLC) substrate is identified in the absence of CaM, indicating restored substrate-binding capability due to mechanically induced removal of the auto-inhibitory regulatory region.
Colina, S. (2009): Spanish Phonology: A Syllabic Perspective
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Cerda-Oñate Karina
Published: July 2017

NO PRESENTA RESUMEN
Disability Rights to Accessible Virtual Health Care
Authors: Roberts Jessica L.
Published: October 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the new federal regulations that require health care institutions to develop virtual care technologies that are accessible to patients with disabilities.
Environmental Outcomes of Reducing Medication Waste by Redispensing Unused Oral Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Smale Elisabeth M. , Ottenbros Anne B. , van den Bemt Bart J. F. , Heerdink Eibert R. , Verploegen Jelle , van Zelm Rosalie , Egberts Toine C. G. , Bekker Charlotte L.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Medications are associated with substantial environmental outcomes, yet frequently end up being unused by patients. Waste-minimizing interventions, such as redispensing of quality-approved oral anticancer drugs remaining unused by patients at home, could reduce the environmental footprint of cancer treatment.

Objectives

To assess the environmental outcomes of redispensing quality-assured oral anticancer drugs and to explore how redispensing could be environmentally optimized.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this quality improvement study, a cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was performed in the outpatient pharmacy of 4 Dutch hospitals, based on a prospective multicenter trial comprising 1071 patients with a clinical diagnosis of cancer and an active prescription for an oral anticancer drug stored at room temperature from February 1, 2021, to February 1, 2023, with a follow-up of 12 months per patient.

Intervention

Participants received prescribed oral anticancer drugs with additional quality-assurance materials (ie, seal bags and time-temperature indicators), so the pharmacy could redispense quality-assured drugs based on authenticity, appearance, remaining shelf life, and/or adequate storage.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The estimated environmental outcomes avoided due to waste reduction (ie, production and transport and incineration of redispensed oral anticancer drugs) corrected for outcomes of process burdens (ie, quality assurance materials), quantified in 3 outcome measures: human health damage (disability-adjusted life-years), ecosystems damage (species × year), and climate change (kg of carbon dioxide equivalent [CO2-eq]) per patient per year.

Results

A volunteer sample of 1071 patients (median age, 70 years [IQR, 62-75 years]; 622 men [58.1%]) participated in the intervention. Redispensing oral anticancer drugs was initially associated with an environmental burden, mainly because of the high impact of time-temperature indicators. However, when quality-assurance materials were selectively used for temperature-sensitive oral anticancer drugs (ie, maximum storage temperature of 25 °C), redispensing was environmentally beneficial to human health and ecosystems, providing estimated climate benefits of 1.9 kg (95% CI, 1.4-2.6 kg) of CO2-eq per patient per year.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this quality improvement study, redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs was found to be a suitable strategy to reduce waste and improve environmental sustainability of cancer treatment after process optimization. Redispensing unused oral anticancer drugs could contribute to sustainability of cancer treatment through reduced costs and environmental outcomes.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Receipt of Retinal Imaging Among Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Schein Yvette , Wang Zitong , Tran Diep , Crews Deidra C. , Zeger Scott L. , Cai Cindy X.
Published: October 2024

This cohort study examines racial and ethnic differences in varieties of advanced retinal imaging received among patients with diabetes at a single tertiary care institution.
Frozen Section Analysis of Sentinel Nodes in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Abukhder Munir , Sahovaler Axel , Vrakas Panagiotis , McGurk Mark , Thavaraj Selvam , Schilling Clare
Published: October 2024

Importance

Frozen section (FS) analysis of sentinel nodes offers potential on-table diagnosis and treatment for occult metastasis in oral squamous cell cancer. Systematic analysis of FS during sentinel node biopsy has not been illuminated in the literature.

Objective

To systematically review pooled data from studies using FS analysis in evaluating sentinel nodes in patients with cT1-T2 N0 oral squamous cell cancer.

Data Sources

An academic librarian led the search of CENTRAL, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, and MEDLINE for studies published in English between January 2000 and January 2023.

Study Selection

Two authors independently screened cohort studies, case series, and randomized clinical trials, in which FS analysis was used to evaluate sentinel nodes in patients with cT1-T2 N0 oral squamous cell cancer.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Data were extracted by 2 reviewers. Reporting quality was estimated using the Diagnostic Precision Study Quality Assessment Tool. Data analysis was performed between April and July 2023, and the meta-analysis was completed using the bivariate random-effects model.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was the pooled sensitivity of FS sentinel node analysis. Secondary outcomes included evaluation of the FS technique, rate of occult metastasis, false-negative rate, and survival.

Results

Seventeen articles with 878 patients met the eligibility criteria. Although protocols varied, confirmatory serial step sectioning was performed in all studies. Occult metastasis was found in 263 of 878 patients (30%), and FS analysis identified 173 cases (65.8%). Following serial sectioning, an additional 90 positive results were identified, leading to 47 patients undergoing staged completion neck dissection. The pooled sensitivity of FS was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.60-0.80), the diagnostic odds ratio was 110, and the false-negative rate was 34.2%. The Cochrane Q value was 15.62 (df = 16; P = .48) and τ2 = 0.36.

Conclusion and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, evaluated studies showed various techniques, in which pooled sensitivity reached 0.71, providing a benchmark for comparison to other 1-stop approaches. Due to the high false-negative rate of approximately one-third of patients, intraoperative FS must always be supplemented by serial sectioning. On-table diagnosis remains a key objective for sentinel node biopsy, and FS detection may be improved by standardizing protocols.
Transoral Laser or Robotic Surgery Outcomes for Oropharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: O’Hara James T. , Hurt Christopher N. , Ingarfield Kate , Patterson Joanne M. , Hutcheson Katherine , Canham Joanna E. , Nixon Lisette S. , Heiberg Christie D. , Johson Sean , Evans Mererid , Jones Terry M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) or transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) offer excellent oncological outcomes for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. TORS may offer greater margin clearance around tumors than TLM.

Objective

To determine whether the differing energy sources used and surgical technique of TORS or TLM is associated with postoperative early swallowing function, feeding tube use, and specific factors related to quality of life.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prespecified cohort study was performed within the Postoperative Adjuvant Treatment for HPV-Positive Tumours (PATHOS) randomized clinical trial at 40 centers in the UK, Germany, France, the US, and Australia between November 1, 2015, and August 31, 2023. PATHOS trial participants with HPV-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma of stages T1 to T3 and N0 to N2b M0 (TNM7) who underwent TLM or TORS were eligible. Of 989 consecutively recruited patients on the PATHOS trial, 508 were eligible for this substudy.

Exposures

The exposure of interest was TORS or TLM.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Preplanned outcome measures included nasogastric tube insertion rates within 4 weeks after surgery, length of in-hospital stay following surgery, specific scales from the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI), 35-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck Questionnaire (H&N35), and 30-item Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ C30), water swallow test results, and videofluoroscopy scores.

Results

Of the 508 patients included in the analysis (390 [76.8%] male; median age, 58.3 [IQR, 52.8-63.6] years), 195 had TLM and 313 had TORS. Nasogastric tube insertion rates were higher after TORS than TLM (85 of 189 [45.0%] vs 10 of 126 [7.9%]; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.41 [95% CI, 1.01-19.32]). Mean scores favored TLM with small effect sizes in all MDADI domains and the H&N35 swallowing item at 4 weeks after surgery; between-group difference for the MDADI composite score was −4.89 (95% CI, −8.27 to −1.50); for the MDADI physical functioning score, −6.37 (95% CI, −10.15 to −2.59); for the MDADI global score, −10.02 (95% CI, −16.50 to −3.54); and for H&N35 swallowing score, 7.24 (95% CI, 2.17-12.30). No other measures showed evidence of clinically meaningful differences.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, functional outcomes were moderately less impaired 4 weeks following TLM compared with TORS. Once the longer-term outcomes for these patients are known, these findings could aid the design and use of future head and neck–specific surgical robots.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02215265
Political Variables Predicted the Fading Affect Bias More Strongly for Political Than Nonpolitical Events in the 2020 Presidential Election
Authors: Gibbons Jeffrey A. , Buchanan Aimee , Langhorne Krystal , Vandevender Sevrin
Published: October 2024

Winning and losing voters tend to experience positive and negative emotions toward elections, respectively. The emotions of autobiographical event memories fade over time with unpleasant emotions fading faster than pleasant emotions; this phenomenon is referred to as the fading affect bias (FAB). Although the FAB differs across several event types (e.g., social media and nonsocial media), the FAB and its relations to political, healthy (e.g., grit), and unhealthy variables (e.g., depression) did not differ significantly across political and nonpolitical events in the context of the 2016 US presidential election. To further explore these relations across political and nonpolitical events, the current study used two online samples (college students and MTurk) in the 2020 US presidential election context. The FAB was expected and found to be robust, it was positively predicted by rehearsal ratings, and its relations to political variables were stronger for political events than nonpolitical events.
Factors for Consideration by Pediatric Rheumatologists When Scoring the Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: First Step Toward an Internal Consensus
Authors: Tarkiainen Maarit , Balay‐Dustrude Erin , Consolaro Alessandro , Morgan Esi M. , Ruperto Nicolino , Rypdal Veronika , Backström Maria , Vähäsalo Paula , Gottlieb Beth S. ,   for the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation, the Pediatric Rheumatology Care & Outcomes Improvement Network and the Physician Global Assessment of Disease Activity (PhGA) consensus task force, and for the Pediatric Rheumatology European Society (PRES) Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Working Party
Published: October 2024

Objective

The physician global assessment of disease activity (PhGA) is a tool used nearly ubiquitously by pediatric rheumatologists for the assessment of patient disease activity status. However, this tool lacks standardization in its scoring. This survey aimed to identify score influencing factors, along with inclusion or exclusion of extra‐articular manifestations and imaging, when scoring the PhGA in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

Electronic surveys were sent to Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation and Pediatric Rheumatology Care and Outcomes Improvement Network members who completed a previous survey on scoring of the PhGA. Respondents were asked to rank their top seven factors for inclusion in the PhGA for nonsystemic JIA (nsJIA) and systemic JIA (sJIA), along with ranking extra‐articular manifestations and imaging for inclusion. Frequency and percentage of rank and Likert responses were analyzed, and geographic regions as well as level of experience were compared using the chi‐square test and Fisher's test.

Results

A total of 276 respondents from 54 countries and six continents participated. For nsJIA, factors selected by >50% included number of swollen joints, active uveitis, duration of morning stiffness, and number of tender joints. For sJIA, factors selected by >50% were presence and duration of fever, laboratory tests, number of swollen joints, serositis, rash, hepatomegaly, lung disease, and lymphadenopathy. Agreement on the inclusion of extra‐articular factors, such as uveitis, macrophage activation syndrome, and sJIA‐associated lung disease, had >70% moderate or strong agreement for inclusion, whereas psoriasis had only 50.5% agreement for inclusion and imaging had 64.7% agreement for inclusion. Variations in rank between different geographic regions or level of experience were minor.

Conclusion

This survey identifies factors that pediatric rheumatology providers find important for PhGA scoring of disease activity, documents varying agreement on inclusion of extra‐articular manifestations of disease, and lays the framework for further consensus work.
Achieving Well‐Balanced Strength and Ductility in Warm‐Rolled Fe–30.5Mn–8Al–1.0C Lightweight Austenitic Steels via Aging Treatment
Authors: Zhang Feng , Chen Peng , Wang Pengfei , Li Xiaowu
Published: October 2024

In this study, it is attempted to achieve a balanced enhancement of strength and ductility in warm‐rolled Fe–30.5Mn–8Al–1.0C (wt%) lightweight austenitic steel through aging treatment. Samples are warm rolled at 350 °C with different reductions of 25%, 45%, and 65%, followed by aging at 600 °C for 10 min. In the results, it is indicated that the 65% reduction sample exhibits an exceptional performance with well‐balanced ultimate tensile strength (1610.3 ± 1.2 MPa) and total elongation (16.2% ± 0.6%). Such an excellent strength–ductility match is primarily attributed to deformation twinning, shear band refinement, and κ‐carbide precipitation strengthening, which collectively contribute to an improved work‐hardening capacity. In this study, the efficacy of combined warm‐rolling and aging treatments in optimizing the mechanical properties of Fe–Mn–Al–C steel is highlighted.
2D Material Sensors with Light Excitation
Authors: Wang Kunchan , Wang Qiangqiang , Tian Enze , Liu Can , Li Zehui , Liu Kaihui
Published: October 2024

2D materials are highly regarded for their exceptional sensing application prospects, stemming from their distinctive atomic layer structure and exceptionally sensitive surfaces. Over the past decade, numerous high‐performance 2D material sensors are extensively developed; however, challenges related to sensitivity, selectivity, and stability continue to impede their industrial advancement. The interaction between light and 2D materials has introduced unique properties, including absorption and emission characteristics, photoelectric effects, nonlinear optical effects, surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, and light response enhancement. Consequently, exciting and adjusting the electronic structure and carrier concentration of 2D materials through light with specific wavelength ranges is an effective strategy for enhancing sensing performance. This strategy has yielded remarkable breakthroughs in applications such as photodetectors, semiconductor gas sensors, and fiber optic sensors. Moreover, it demonstrates extraordinary potential in emerging applications such as image sensors, flexible electronics, and biomedical sensors. However, the sensing mechanism, device structure design, and specific applications of 2D materials under light excitation remain unclear. This perspective endeavors to elucidate the intrinsic photophysical mechanisms between light‐excited 2D materials and their target sensing analytes. Furthermore, it aims to explain the evolutionary pattern of sensing applications and provide novel insights and inspiration to advance this burgeoning field.
Buried Interface Engineering‐Assisted Defects Control and Crystallization Manipulation Enables Stable Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 25%
Authors: Chen Pengxu , Zheng Qingshui , Jin Zhihang , Wang Yuhong , Wang Shibo , Sun Weihai , Pan Weichun , Wu Jihuai
Published: October 2024

The presence of various defects within the electron transport layer (ETL), the perovskite (PVK) layer, and their interfaces significantly affects the efficiency, hysteresis, and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in n–i–p structure. Herein, a defect passivation strategy employing potassium 4‐methoxysalicylate (MSAK) is utilized to efficiently modulate the defects in the ETL, PVK, and ETL/PVK interface. The functional groups −COO− and −OH in MSAK molecules, along with the K+ cations, effectively reduce the defects of tin oxide (SnO2) and improve the electron transport properties. Importantly, the MSAK‐SnO2 provides a favorable substrate for the growth of highly crystallization and dense perovskite layers. The MSAK molecules also significantly passivate the bottom interface defects of the PVK layer by coordinating with under‐coordinated Pb2+ ions. Furthermore, K+ cations can migrate into the PVK layer, further enhancing crystallization and improving the photovoltaic performance of PSC devices. PSCs fabricated using the defect passivation strategy based on MSAK achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.47%, alongside reduced hysteresis and enhanced stability. After being stored under ambient conditions for 60 days, the device with MSAK maintains nearly 90% of its initial PCE, whereas the PCE of the pristine device decreases to 69.7% after aging.
Glycosaminoglycan Concentration and Sulfation Patterns of Biohybrid Polymer Matrices Direct Microvascular Network Formation and Stability
Authors: Limasale Yanuar Dwi Putra , Fusenig Maximilian , Samulowitz Marten , Atallah Passant , Sievers Jana , Dennison Nicholas , Freudenberg Uwe , Friedrichs Jens , Werner Carsten
Published: October 2024

Complexation with sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) regulates the signaling of pro‐angiogenic growth factors in vivo. To use this principle in modulating microvascular network formation and stability in vitro, a library of biohybrid hydrogels containing heparin, a highly sulfated GAG, or its selectively desulfated derivatives, is prepared. The hydrogels are applied to systematically investigate the effects of GAG concentration and sulfation patterns on embedded cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and cocultures of HUVECs with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Formation and morphology of microvascular networks, stromal cell expansion, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition are found to be significantly influenced by the hydrogel's GAG concentrations and sulfation patterns, presumably through differences in the resulting availability and bioactivity of GAG‐binding growth factors. In particular, cocultures in hydrogels with either low heparin concentration (500 µm) or higher concentrations of heparin desulfated at the 6O or N position resulted in the formation of dense, stable microvascular networks. The respective conditions also displayed enhanced stromal cell proliferation and ECM protein deposition, leading to increased matrix stiffness. Therefore, precisely tuning the affinity of biohybrid materials for pro‐angiogenic factors effectively enhances the vascularization of engineered tissue constructs in vitro.
How Binder Nanofibration Affects the Active‐Material Microenvironment in Battery Electrodes?
Authors: Ma Chengye , Cai Wenrui , Zhu Zhiwei , Ji Zhongfeng , Yang Jiarui , Li Hua , Wen Guojiang , Zhao Zhiyu , Fu Xuewei , Yang Wei , Wang Yu
Published: October 2024

Binder morphology is a critical factor determining the electrode microstructures and properties, which fundamentally controls the charge transport and mechanical performance of the resultant battery. In this case, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binder is of great interest as it exhibits unique nanofibration capability and mechanical flexibility, which has been broadly applied for dry processing of battery electrodes. However, there is a lack of fundamental study on how binder nanofibration affects the electrochemomechanical properties of electrodes. Here, similar to the fibrous structures of the cell microenvironment, the attempt is to answer this question from the viewpoint of active‐material microenvironment (ME@AM). First, the PTFE nanofibration degree is adjusted by electrode calendering treatment and binder loading. Second, the microstructures, mechanical relaxation behavior, bending capability, and liquid–electrolyte wetting capability of the fibrous ME@AM are comparatively investigated in detail by dynamic mechanical testing. Finally, the superiority of highly fibrous ME@AM in electrochemical performance is confirmed by the C‐rate and cycling stability testing of half‐cells. This study indicates that a highly fibrous ME@AM can remarkably improve the electrochemomechanical properties of electrodes by enhanced capillary action with liquid electrolyte, good electrode flexibility, and structural stability under compression.
Host‐Guest Systems Enable Efficient Organic Afterglow via a Facile Spraying Method
Authors: Man Zhongwei , Chen Zhong , Tao Wenhao , Lv Zheng , Teng Feng , Cui Qiuhong , Fu Hongbing , Liao Qing , Tang Aiwei
Published: October 2024

Unlocking the afterglow properties of the fluorescence molecules at room temperature is an urgent challenge. Herein, inks prepared with dimethyl terephthalate (DTT) and carbazole (Cz) analogs with heteroatom (C, S, and O) substituents on the N as host and guest molecules can be directly sprayed onto different substrates to unlock the excitation‐wavelength dependent (Ex‐De) afterglow characteristics of the guest compound. Additionally, with the increase in the number of lone pair electrons, spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) increases, resulting in a longer afterglow duration lasting up to 4.5 s with Φp>27%. Theory calculations and experiments indicate that the afterglow originated from the interactions between the host and guest molecules restricting the non‐radiative transition of the triplet excitons. Different Ex (with watershed at 310 nm) lead to the variation in the conformation of the S0DTT and S1DTT, which in turn affects the strength of host‐guest interactions and contributes to the Ex‐De characteristics. Benefiting from facile preparation, substrate‐independent applicability, and Ex‐De characteristics, the afterglow samples are demonstrated for applications in multilevel information security fields. This work proposes a general strategy for unlocking the afterglow emission of traditional molecules, which is valuable for the discovery of high‐performance afterglow materials in the future.
Energy‐Harvesting Carbon Aerogel Nanofiber Metafabric for High‐Efficiency Thermoregulation
Authors: Tian Yucheng , Chen Yixiao , Wang Sai , Wang Xianfeng , Yu Jianyong , Zhang Shichao , Ding Bin
Published: October 2024

Maintaining body temperature within safe and comfortable range is crucial; however, thermoregulatory materials face challenges in variable environments and extreme application scenarios. Here, a unique dual air‐gelation strategy is developed to synthesize carbon aerogel nanofiber metafabric for energy‐harvesting thermoregulation. By manipulating polyacrylonitrile/water interaction and charge density of the solution, phase separation and Coulombic repulsion in electrospun jets are promoted, forming curly nanofibers with internal nanopores (size 30–60 nm) that entangle to create nanofibrous dual‐aerogel structure; the carbon aerogel nanofiber metafabric is obtained following pre‐oxidation and optimized graphitization. The resulting metafabric exhibits high elasticity, robust temperature resistance from −196 to 600 °C, exceptional thermal insulation performance, high‐efficiency electrothermal capability (adjustable from 15 to 150 °C), and photothermal property (radiation raised temperature by 22 °C). This work provides rich possibilities to develop advanced carbon nanomaterials for thermal management.
Oxidization and Salting Out Synergistically Induced Highly Elastic, Conductive, and Sensitive Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xiong Yingshuo , Li Xusheng , Zhang Shaohua , Xu Wenlong , Chen Hou , Xu Lu
Published: October 2024

Although a variety of functional polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels (PVAHG) with attractive mechanical and electrochemical properties have been fabricated using traditional freeze‐thaw cycling, this approach is usually relatively complicated, time‐consuming and relies essentially on the use of PVA chains with a weight‐average molecular weight above 60000. Here a new strategy capable of assembling relatively low‐molecular‐weight (≈30000) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) into highly crosslinked physical hydrogels is developed. By exploiting ammonium persulfate as a simple and versatile oxidant to simultaneously provide oxidizing and salting‐out effects to the polymeric building blocks, PVAHG with excellent and tailorable elasticity, conductivity and sensitivity can be achieved building on the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the newly formed ─COOH and ─CHO terminations and the inclusion of abundant inorganic ions. The hydrogels cannot only act as effective wearable wireless sensors for detecting output resistance signals but also be further employed to construct a motion‐mapped self‐propelled robotic arm that is able to instantly and accurately map the motion of human bodies. This study may provide new insights into polymer chemistry, hydrogel sensing, and soft robotics.