bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAPEANDO O CONSERVADORISMO NA POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Lima Iana Gomes de , Golbspan Ricardo Boklis , Santos Graziella Souza dos
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir no desenvolvimento do conceito de conservadorismo no contexto da política educacional brasileira, a partir de análises construídas em projeto de pesquisa acerca dessa temática. A proposição teórica que aqui apresentamos é decorrente de investigação dedicada a examinar redes políticas no escopo do avanço do conservadorismo na educação, mobilizando-se as categorias de “aliança conservadora" e “articulação”. A pesquisa que subsidia este trabalho é orientada pela metodologia da etnografia de redes (BALL, 2014). Ao longo deste manuscrito, demonstra-se a importância de operar com o conceito de conservadorismo tendo em vista a atual onda conservadora na educação brasileira. Para tanto, apontam-se contribuições a partir dos estudos de Apple (2003; 2013), Moll (2010) e Lacerda (2019). Na sequência, ilustram-se essas discussões teóricas por meio de uma breve análise do processo de militarização da educação no Brasil. Por fim, apresenta-se o entendimento do que é o conservadorismo na atual política educacional brasileira, sintetizando alguns dos argumentos dos autores e da autora estudados e elencam-se alguns elementos, a partir da análise, deste atual conservadorismo. Conclui-se demonstrando que características trazidas por Apple, Moll e Lacerda podem contribuir para compreender o conservadorismo na política educacional brasileira, mas que ainda persistem desafios em relação ao desenvolvimento desse conceito tendo em vista especificidades do Brasil.
Reinforced soil design using the combined electrokinetic and mechanical properties of soil
Authors: Jones C. J. F. P. , Lamont-Black J.
Published: July 2021

The design of reinforced soil is usually based solely on the mechanical properties of the fill, in the case of new structures, or the soil in the case of soil nailing. All soils display electrokinetic properties but these have largely been ignored in geotechnical design. The development of electrokinetic geosynthetic materials, which act as both electrodes as well as providing the established geosynthetic functions, has made it possible to combine the electrokinetic and mechanical properties of soils in geotechnical design. Using this approach, it is possible to improve the mechanical properties of the soil or fill prior to or during construction. The objective of the electrokinetic improvement is to increase the availability of suitable fill or make soils/waste materials previously not suitable for soil reinforcement acceptable and hence extend the application of reinforced soil. The use of computer-controlled electrokinetic treatment has resulted in effective and economic design and construction protocols, which in turn have led to a growing number of applications which provide positive evidence of the economic and environmental benefits of combining both the electrokinetic and mechanical properties of the soil in the design of reinforced soil structures.
Working behaviour feedback of composite geomembranes based on seepage monitoring data
Authors: Huang Y. Y. , Xie T. , Fei D. W. , Yan J.
Published: July 2021

To assess the durability of the impermeability of composite geomembranes in hydraulic engineering projects, using nearly 20 years (2000–2018) of seepage monitoring data from the Wangfuzhou Hydraulic Engineering Project, this study conducts feedback analysis on the anti-seepage performance of the composite geomembranes of this project. Firstly, based on the seepage monitoring data, a qualitative analysis of the overall seepage behaviour of the embankment dams was carried out. Then, a typical section of the embankment dams was selected for quantitative analysis by establishing a statistical model of the water levels in piezometric pipes. Subsequently, orthogonal design, a neural network and a numerical calculation method were combined to invert the permeability coefficient of the composite geomembranes. Lastly, the working behaviour of the composite geomembranes was comprehensively analysed. The results show that the measured water level and separated time-dependent components of three piezometric pipes in the typical section GY5 decreased gradually during the study period. The permeability coefficient of the composite geomembranes inverted using the measured water level was 1.11 × 10–12 m/s. It is concluded that, after nearly 20 years of service, the composite geomembranes of the Wangfuzhou Hydraulic Engineering Project have experienced no apparent deterioration trend over time.
Investigation on load-carrying capacity of geogrid-encased deep cement mixing piles
Authors: Sukkarak R. , Jongpradist P. , Kongkitkul W. , Jamsawang P. , Likitlersuang S.
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the feasibility of a geogrid-encased deep cement mixing (EDCM) pile for enhancing the load-carrying capacity (Qult) of a conventional deep cement mixing (DCM) pile, based on the results of experimental and numerical investigations. Firstly, physical model tests were conducted to observe the load–settlement response and load-transfer mechanism. Subsequently, a series of three-dimensional (3D) finite-element analyses was performed to investigate the effect of the stiffness and length of the geogrid encasement. The results indicated that the geogrid encasement effectively improves the Qult of the DCM piles by a factor of two. With the additional confinement provided by the geogrid encasement, the geogrid can also provide a greater contribution to the loading transfer. The increase in Qult became more significant with a lower strength of the DCM. For a particular amount of geogrid, the EDCM pile with a thicker geogrid provided a higher Qult than that with a longer geogrid. The optimum length of the geogrid-EDCM pile was found to be approximately twice that of the pile diameter. Finally, a chart for estimating the efficient effect of geogrid encasements on the Qult of EDCM piles was proposed.
Háborús ideológiák a középkori Magyarországon: istenítéleti ideológia, az igazságos háború elmélete
Authors: Boda Mihály
Published: July 2021

A háborús ideológiák a háború igazolását szolgálják ma, és szolgálták a keresztény középkorban is. Az alábbi tanulmány két középkori ideológiával foglalkozik: a Sevillai Izidor nevéhez kapcsolható istenítéleti ideológiával, ami Isten igazságos ítéletéhez kapcsolja a háború (utólagos) igazolását és Aquinói Szent Tamás igazságos háború elméletével, ami a legitim autoritással rendelkező fejedelemnek az igazságos okra (azaz az ellenség által elkövetett igazságtalanságra) alapozott és a keresztény békének a védelmét célzó döntéséhez kapcsolja a háború (előzetes) igazolását. A két ideológiában közös, hogy egyaránt az igazságosság eszméjére támaszkodnak, azonban amíg az istenítéleti ideológia az eljárási igazságosságra, addig az igazságos háború elmélete a tartalmi igazságosságra. A tanulmány egyik célja, hogy a filozófiai jellegű elméletalkotás és a történelemtudomány módszereinek a segítségével bemutassa, hogy az igazságos háború elmélete a középkorban nemcsak az Aquinói Szent Tamás által képviselt változatot jelentette (bár csak azt nevezték így), hanem volt egy másik formája is, az istenítéleti ideológia. A tanulmány másik célja, hogy mindezt magyarországi példák segítségével tegye, bemutatva ezzel a háborús ideológiák két fontos típusának középkori magyarországi formáit.
Model of the object of temperature control by electrostimulating action parameters
Authors: Kuznetsov V. A. , Kuznetsova E. S. , Gromov V. E.
Published: July 2021

Technologies for pressure treatment of metal workpieces using powerful current pulses are becoming increasingly widespread both in Russia and abroad. Unique electromechanical processes are studied and improved in laboratory and production conditions. The process of applying an  electric current to the workpiece is accompanied by a change in its physical properties as a result of the so-called electroplastic effect (EPE). At   the same time, the temperature of the workpiece in the deformation zone increases. For high-quality and reliable operation of the drawing mill with electrostimulated drawing (ESW), it is necessary to use an automatic system for regulating the force and temperature. In order to implement the temperature control circuit, it is necessary to synthesize the transfer function of the control object – steel wire processed by pressure (rolling or drawing). Synthesis and analysis of parameters of the model of temperature control object are considered. The known relations are used: dependence of the pulse generator power on the calculated parameters (initial temperature, diameter, specific weight and electrical resistance of the workpiece, pulse duration); dependence of  the RMS current of the generator on the amplitude and frequency of pulse reproduction; dependence of the magnetic permeability of the workpiece on its temperature; and dependence of the specific electrical resistance of the conductor material on temperature. In MATLAB – Simulink medium, a model of the temperature control object is synthesized as a function of the parameters of generator of high-power current pulses (amplitude and frequency), as well as the parameters of the workpiece to be processed (diameter, sample length, linear velocity, initial temperature, and resistivity at the initial temperature). The model is analyzed, and transients under different operating modes are presented. Using the developed model, the dependences of the temperature, power, and equivalent resistance on parameters of the generator and the workpiece are obtained for different generator pulse frequencies and workpiece diameters. The developed model can be used for laboratory studies of the electroplastic effect, as well as in production in auto-control systems with electrostimulated drawing in order to implement the object of regulation in the form of a model.
Mozaikok a tájfestészet és a geográfia kapcsolatából
Authors: Both Mária Gabriella
Published: July 2021

At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, natural sciences supported and drove economic development in a previously not experienced way. Europe created a new “mental image” of nature, scientific ideas with a newly emerging confidence while combining theoretical and practical researches. The Age of Enlightenment is best characterized by A. Humboldt’s discovery travels. The utilitarian approach of the age radically changed the relationship between landscape and people, first in the English speaking countries. This study endeavours to present the interrelations of men and landscape through the changes in landscape painting at the beginning of the 19th century while emphasizing the earlier definition of the geographic environment and indicating geography as an heir of the landscape painting. John Constable broke with the tradition of academic painting and found the idyllic landscape in rural England. In the New World, landscape painting used the European traditions, exemplified by the works of Thomas Cole, the first major American landscape painter. His iconic painting ’Oxbow’ followed the patterns of the traditional European landscape imaging, indicating ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful of Poussin’ works.
A reflexintegrációs mozgásterápiák történeti háttere
Authors: Pázmándi Eszter
Published: July 2021

Nowadays the prevalence of reflex integration therapy is unquestionable. The methods usually refer only to professional experience, which results in arguments between representatives of different disciplines. With this historical overview, readers can get a comprehensive picture of different disciplines that have developed in close connection with each other and, as a result, many thousands of children could receive therapy through complex professional developments.
From «Commercial» to «Economic» Education: the Case of Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute of 1941-1945
Authors: Maidachevsky Dmitry
Published: July 2021

The author of the article reconstructs the shift, which occurred in the model and disciplinary structure of «commercial» education towards «economic» one. The research is based on disciplinary approach in the history of education, which builds on subject-oriented character of knowledge and empirical analysis of Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute case. Although the shift was being discreetly prepared for several decades and included many attempts to integrate commercial functions of education with economic field, its real start was caused by external to science and education factors. The subject area of a business economics became the point of intersection for economic and commercial disciplines. The area appeared mainly due to political and ideological campaign aimed at making the enterprises’ party core groups aware of economic knowledge. The 18th All-Union Conference of Communist Party initiated the campaign in 1941. The outbreak of war forced people to view the business economics as a scientific and practical field of study, which applies many techniques and methods of economic analysis in order to ensure effective operation and reveal its potential reserves. After obtaining the right to operate beyond the scientific and practical environment, the subject area of business economics entered the higher education area, transforming its educational and research programs and integrating the disciplinary models and structures of economic and commercial education.
The Northern Sea Route in Political and Economic Frame of Reference in the 17th and Early 20th Century
Authors: Raspopina Alena
Published: July 2021

The article considers the influence of economic and political factors on development of the state policy on the Northern Sea Route and its effective use. The success that Russia reached in the foreign policy, has determined the cautiousness or openness of its actions in the Arctic Seas. The article briefly describes the navigational and hydrographical traffic conditions in the Arctic Seas, the dangerous areas for sailing are noted in the text, as well as the new attempts that Russia made to establish navigation in the area. The intense activity in the North Polar Region, including research activity, was determined by economic interests, such as opportunities for maritime trade and transport routes development, as well as political interests, which include defense of own territories and development of new lands. The research is based on valuable sources of information on the North Polar Region, one of which is European and Russian geographical maps of the18th and 19th centuries, which managed to cover many blank spots, that resulted in delineating a clearer Arctic shoreline of Russia. Although the Northern Sea Route could hardly become a major transport channel due to the severe natural conditions, Russia tried to sustain its influence and defend its territories, especially when real threats to its national interests in the Arctic region arose.
Agriculture of the Irkutsk Region: Hard Experience in the Industrial Region
Authors: Tsykunov Grigorii
Published: July 2021

The article deals with historical and modern problems of agricultural development in the Irkutsk region in the context of industrial development of the region. Structural changes in the agricultural sector, the ratio of crop production and animal husbandry in the production of agricultural products are traced. The study found that within the framework of large-scale programs for the development of the productive forces of the Irkutsk region, the main attention was paid to industrial development, and agriculture was assigned the role of a secondary industry. This was manifested in the residual principle of financing the agricultural sector, its material base and the development of the social sphere in rural areas. Rural youth were involved in the construction and operation of production facilities, which led to a reduction of the population in the nearby villages and villages of the region. Special attention is paid to the problems of modern agriculture in the conditions of market transformations in the industry. On the basis of statistical material, the characteristics of the main categories of farms are given: agricultural organizations, farms and households. The analysis shows the leading role of private households in the total volume of agricultural production. At the same time, there is still an insignificant share of farms in the goods produced. The demographic consequences of the destruction of the state-farm-collective-farm system, manifested in a reduction in the number of villagers and a large shortage of agricultural workers, are particularly noted.
Motivation for Achievement in Choosing a Strategy of Behavior in Organizational Conflict Among Employees of the Suburban Railway
Authors: Nikulina Tatyana , Chepurko Yulia
Published: July 2021

Currently, the interrelation of various motivational phenomena, interests, attitudes and behavior of a person in the professional activity is being considered. Analysis of modern psychological literature shows that employees of organizations can be highly-motivated to achieve in their professional activities, however, in each individual, the motivation for achievement can manifest itself in a certain motivational trend. The article discusses the issues of the main parameters of the influence of the motivation for achievement on the determination of strategies for the behavior of suburban railway employees, which are revealed, both in destructive interpersonal communication and at a high level of constructive interaction. The available knowledge about the causes of conflicts and the needs of using the dominant strategy of behavior in interpersonal relationships and professional activity is generalized.
Contemporary Problems of Financing Investment and Innovation Activities in Russia
Authors: Bulatova Vera , Kokorina Anna , Badeev Alexander
Published: July 2021

The work of any economic system is inseparably associated with innovations. Activating investment and innovation processes is one of the strategic priorities of Russia's economic development ensuring its national security. However, there are a lot of restrictions that deter the development of innovations in the country. The main destabilizing factor is the existing system of financing investment and innovation activities in the country. Despite the existence of surveys devoted to this issue, the study of contemporary problems of financing such an important area as innovations is extremely relevant due to the dynamic development of the economy and the need to meet modern market conditions. The article examines the current state of investment and innovation processes in the country and identifies the main factors that hinder their development in modern conditions. The paper analyzes the contemporary system of financing innovation activities in Russia and assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on basic indicators of budget financing of innovations.
Russia's Media Image in Chinese Internet Memes
Authors: Qian Zheng , Melnik Galina
Published: July 2021

The topic of the article is relevant due to the fact that, being fragments of Internet culture, Internet memes are created by users, combining their own ideas, behavior and performance in the Web 2.0 environment. The aim of the article is to identify Internet memes on Chinese information resources, depicting the image of Russia and its leader with the help of figurative and at the same time economical means, to determine the functions these memes perform, as well as the impact potential of memes. The objectives of the study include identifying the range of themes and issues for memes, their semantic content, tone, and means of expression. Тhe objectives also include the correlation of scientific approaches with the analysis of the phenomenon and the practical implementation of political memes, as well as showing the transformation of the media image of the country in different periods: from the USSR to the Russian Federation with the help of comparative analysis. The objectives also include identifying potential threats to the national identity of Russians. The examples were collected using the hashtags "Russia", "USSR" and "Putin" in the social network Sina Weibo and in the application Wechat, and also in the browser Baidu. The novelty of research is in the fact that the authors are not limited to the psycholinguistic tools of the study of Internet memes, but focus on the study of the structure of the created political images of Russia and on the functions they perform. The authors are interested in the creators of minimized texts, as well as in the ways memes spread. More than 100 memes became the basis for the study. Conclusions: a trend in the establishment of friendly relations between China and Russia has been identified. Memes depict generally positive experience of Russia and Vladimir Putin.
Injury prevention knowledge, beliefs, and practices among women’s football teams in South Africa
Authors: Bakare Ummukulthoum , Olivier Benita , Brandt Corlia , Goldwana Lonwabo
Published: July 2021

Background: Numerous factors account for injury prevention or lack thereof in any team setting. With the increasing burden of injuries in women’s football, and limited human resources accessible in sub-Saharan Africa, it is important to investigate the ways in which standardised injury prevention practices can be achieved.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate injury prevention knowledge, beliefs, and practices in women’s football teams in the University Sport South Africa (USSA) Football League in Gauteng Province, South Africa.

Methods: A cross-sectional self-administered survey was conducted among women’s football teams registered to participate in the USSA Football League in South Africa’s Gauteng Province.

Results: A total of 107 respondents participated in the study, which included both players (n=98; 92%) and their support staff (n=9; 9%). The median (interquartile range) age of the participants was 22 (20-25) years. In the population sampled, 36% of the participants perceived that they had adequate knowledge of injury prevention practices in football, while others felt they had limited knowledge of the basic injury prevention programmes (IPPs). The results also indicated that the injury prevention practices of coaches (93%) and their beliefs in this regard (70%) are sufficient for achieving the basic injury prevention goals. Most of the respondents (89%) indicated that a medical support system is important in attaining the goals of injury prevention.

Conclusion: Members of women’s teams in the USSA Football League have recognised limited knowledge about the basic IPPs, while they do employ some of the basic injury prevention practices in football. These practices could be influenced by the beliefs of the coaches and the players, and most of them believe that IPPs are important. It is essential as key stakeholders that coaches' and players' education and knowledge of injury prevention strategies should be considered as an integral part of the process to succeed. It should be strongly highlighted and implemented, thus augmenting the credibility, trust and compliance for IPPs in the sport.
Cluster Analysis for Housing Market Segmentation
Authors: ARA AKSOY Shihomi , IRWİN Elena
Published: July 2021

Cluster analysis is often used to determine housing submarkets. However, commonly used methods cannot handle mixed-mode data when variables of different types and units are combined. We propose new similarity measures that handle both continuous and categorical variables using normalization and discretization steps and partial match criteria. These measures are used in agglomerative hierarchical clustering with a formulation where the optimal number of clusters is automatically determined without a priori information regarding the number of submarkets. The experiments using housing sales data show that the proposed measures perform better than the commonly used standardized Euclidean distance in identifying submarkets.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Identification in the Effect of Perceived Organizational Support on Employee Performance
Authors: KARA Ergün , KIRPIK Gülşen , KAYA Attila
Published: July 2021

In this study, the mediating role of organizational identification in the effect of perceived organizational support on employee performance was examined. In this context, data were collected from 414 participants working in banks in Adana and Osmaniye provinces of Turkey through a questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied to the scale used in the study. In addition, the goodness of fit tests and regression analysis were carried out by a structural equation model (SEM). The mediation role was tested with the Boostrap method. As a result of the study, it was determined that organizational identification has a partial mediating effect on the relationship between perceived organizational support and employee performance.
Sosyoekonomik Faktörler, Sosyal ilişki, Mutluluk ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti Arasındaki İlişki: 2018 Avrupa Sosyal Anketi’nden Bulgular
Authors: GÜLER Abdurrahim , GÜL Songül
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı başta sosyal ilişkiler ve beceri geliştirme olmak üzere sosyodemografik değişkenlerin Avrupa Sosyal Anketine dayanarak Avrupa ülkelerinde mutluluk ve yaşam memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırmada mutluluk ve yaşam memnuniyeti farklı kavramlar olarak ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada mutluluk ve yaşam memnuniyetinin sosyodemografik özellikler açısından anlamlı farklılıklar sergilediği görülmüştür. Ayrıca mutluluk ve yaşam memnuniyeti aynı koşullarda aynı değişkenler tarafından farklı oranda açıklanmaktadır. Regresyon analizine göre bireyin sosyal ilişkisinin güçlülüğünün ve hanehalkı geliriyle geçinme durumunun artması mutluluk ölçeğine en fazla katkıda bulunan değişkenler olduğu bulunmuştur. Sosyal ilişkinin güçlülüğü ve hanehalkı geliriyle geçinme durumu yaşam memnuniyetinin en güçlü açıklayıcılarıdır.
Диалог: содержание и форма педагогической деятельности
Authors: Кузнецова А.Н.
Published: July 2021

В монографии представлен анализ теоретических и эмпирических исследований диалогического взаимодействия. Проблема диалога рассмотрена автором с точки зрения зарубежных и отечественных исследователей, произведено соотнесение понятия «диалог» и «диалоговое обучение» с родственными категориями философской и психологической науки, выделены основные характеристики диалогического воздействия и факторы, влияющие на процесс диалогического обучения. Культура диалога рассматриваются в аспекте педагогических технологий в лингвистике с позиций имплицитности, эксплицитности и аргументативности в межкультурной коммуникации, моделирования ценностных ориентиров в социальном дискуссионном диалоге. Работа адресована всем, кто интересуется проблемами современного социогуманитарного знания, кто стремится к поиску средств продуктивного межкультурного диалога – преподавателям, студентам, магистрантам.
Mass University and Social Inclusion: The Paradoxical Effect of Public Policies
Authors: Kamanzi Pierre Canisius , Goastellec Gaële , Pelletier Laurence
Published: July 2021

The objective of this article is to revisit the role of public policies in the social production and reproduction of university access inequalities that have been made evident more than ever in the current intensified mass higher education context. Although the situation is complex and varies from one societal context to another, a systematic review of the existing literature highlights the undeniable responsibility of public policies in this reproduction through three main channels: guidance systems and educational pathways, institutions’ stratification and hierarchization of fields of study and, finally, the financing of studies and tuition fees.
Inclusive Universities in a Globalized World
Authors: Leišytė Liudvika , Deem Rosemary , Tzanakou Charikleia
Published: July 2021

This thematic issue of Social Inclusion focuses on universities as inclusive organisations in a variety of different countries and higher education (HE) systems. It explores how these institutions aim, succeed or fail to become inclusive organisations, what policies and processes help achieve these goals and how academics and students can become agents of change through inclusive teaching and research cultures. The contributions in this thematic issue point to the multi‐level as well as multi‐faceted challenges and characteristics of inclusion in HE in general and in universities in particular, based on both student and academic points of view. They offer innovative conceptual ways of thinking as well as measuring inclusion. Further, they point out the importance of context in understanding the challenges of achieving equality and inclusion in universities through country‐specific as well as cross‐country comparisons of various aspects of diversity and inclusivity. We hope this thematic issue will inspire theoretical thinking, support practitioners and encourage policy‐making about more responsible ways of defining and fostering inclusive universities in a globalised world.
G.I. BILL OF RIGHTS: IMPACT ON THE IMAGE OF THE VETERAN IN COLLECTIVE CONSCIOUSNESS
Authors: Bazaieva M.
Published: July 2021

The article explores the incipience of veterans' policies in the United States of America during 1940-1956. This period is notable in veterans' history. This is caused not only by social realities after World War II but by the implementation of brand-new fundamental principles in process of forming veterans' policies. These principles opened a new page in interactions between the government and the veteran community. The article analyzes drafting the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, commonly known as the G.I. Bill of Rights, as well as public discussions around it initiated by President Roosevelt's Administration. One of the main actors of the process was American Legion, influential conservative veterans' organization. The law presented by Legion was passed by Congress. The Act took effect on June 22, 1944, and lasted until 1956. G.I. Bill of Rights guaranteed numerous benefits for veterans in variable spheres of social policies, including medical care, education, housing and business loans, unemployment compensations. The most significant effect had educational programs of G.I. Bill. About 8 million American veterans, including women and African Americans, exercised their right to attend schools, colleges, and universities. Educational programs had great implications both for the veterans' population and social affairs, especially the educational system in the United States. Higher education became more widespread and democratic after the implementation of the G.I. Bill. World War II veterans had the opportunity to realize their potential in different fields, in particular in the political area. G.I. Bill of Rights had a great impact on forming the image of the veteran in the USA. The Act demonstrated the new role of veterans' policies in the context of government activities. Besides, thanks to the educational programs of the G.I. Bill veteran community became a proactive social group that played an important role in the US policy-making in the second half of the 20th century.
THE U.S. – JAPAN RELATIONS UNDER THE ADMINISTRATION OF DONALD TRUMP
Authors: Gorodnia N.
Published: July 2021

This paper describes and discusses the major developments in the U.S.-Japan relations under the administration of Donald Trump (January 2017–January 2021) in political, commercial and economic, and energy areas. In political sphere, the research focuses on continuity and changes in the U.S. policy towards bilateral security alliance with Japan. The research has revealed that D. Trump's statements on security relations with allies and trade during his presidential campaign were cause for concern in Japan. To avoid their implementation, the prime-minister Shinzo Abe (Liberal Democratic Party) managed to establish close personal relations with Donald Trump and successfully navigated them until his resignation in September 2020. Importantly, Abe succeeded in separating issues of security and trade in a bilateral dialogue with the U.S. As a result, Trump's preelection statements on security with Japan had not been implemented. Moreover, the U.S.-Japan security cooperation strengthened based at the mutual support of "free and open Indo-Pacific" strategy. In commercial and economic area, new trade policies of Trump administration since 2018 had an impact on Japan. Abe failed to persuade D. Trump to return to multinational Trans Pacific Partnership free trade agreement. A large U.S. deficit in trade with Japan caused bilateral negotiations on trade issues. Their first stage was completed in September 2019. However, the trade agreement did not cover cars and auto parts, which composed 75 percent of Japan's export to the U.S. In energy sector, the focus of bilateral cooperation shifted from clean energy and environmental initiatives of Obama administration to energy security and integration of regional energy market in the Indo-Pacific. Two countries prioritized cooperation in Liquefied natural gas (LNG) sector, in which they had complementary interests. The policy of Shinzo Abe with respect to the U.S. was continued by the new government of Japan by Yoshihide Suga (Liberal Democratic Party).
Development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union
Authors: Habro Irina , Solomko Mykhailo
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of environmental diplomacy of the European Union. Today environmental diplomacy has become an important way for states to promote their course of environmental diplomacy, to protect their environmental rights and interests, to promote their own economic and environmental development. The most striking example of the application of green diplomacy on a regional and global scale is the environmental policy implemented by EU member states. Within the EU there is a huge number of environmental programs for the development of renewable energy sources, protection of flora and fauna, as well as combating pollution of water and land resources. To implement its own environmental diplomacy, the EU has adopted a number of important regulations, which are analyzed in the article. The most thorough legal act in the field of environmental diplomacy was Council Directive 85/337 / EEC of 1985 on the assessment of the effects of public and private projects on the environment. This directive reflects the EU’s desire to draw the attention of government agencies and the public to environmental issues and to encourage their collective solution. EU environmental diplomacy is carried out through diplomatic missions, missions, delegations, as well as at the individual level. It involves European politicians and officials who are able to influence international public opinion, employees of foreign ministries and diplomatic missions. The EU also involves third countries as partners to discuss the most pressing environmental issues and their future solutions: climate change, biodiversity conservation, soil depletion, forest and water resources, and renewable energy. Environmental protection is one of the priority areas for European integration. States wishing to join the EU must meet its environmental standards and implement key principles of environmental legislation. It is noted that the EU countries are trying to transfer the economy to clean technologies and diplomatically encourage others to take measures to improve the environmental situation.
Formation of organizational and production structures in the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in the conditions of European integration
Authors: Georgieva Maria
Published: July 2021

The peculiarities of the formation of new organizational and production structures of the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in terms of integration into the European Union are considered. One of the conditions for ensuring the competitiveness of Bulgarian agriculture was the creation of a significant number of farms of various organizational and legal forms. Peculiarities of creation and functioning of private agricultural enterprises against the background of privatization of former labor cooperatives and state farms with observance of a clearly regulated legislative procedure are studied.
The peculiarities of creating private agricultural farms in two forms are generalized: private households and large agro-firms. Of course, there were some difficulties with the privatization of agricultural machinery, equipment, technical and farm buildings. Also, difficulties arose with the management of agricultural commodity production due to the long absence of a tradition of private property in agriculture. It is proved that one of the features of the formation of new organizational and production structures was their creation on the basis of decolectivization and privatization. The main task of this process was to create an efficient and competitive environment for the development of the agricultural sector.
The basis of agricultural management in Bulgaria in the period 1996-2007 were private agricultural enterprises, which were more efficient in their activities than other organizational and legal forms of management. However, the imperfection of the management system of the agricultural sector did not allow to accelerate the process of productivity of the industry, to attract the latest scientific advances and more efficient use of logistics.
In the pre-integration period, no program of management actions for the functioning of agricultural enterprises was developed, which did not contribute to the growth of their financial and economic indicators and the competitiveness of these farms.
The analysis of the images of antiquity in M. Robespierre’s political writings during the early years of the French revolution (1789–1791)
Authors: Mashevskyi Oleh , Lazavenko Khrystyna
Published: July 2021

This research attempts to reassess the significance of the images of classical antiquity in Maximilien Robespierre’s political writings of 1789–1791 by analyzing their context, frequency, and their objectives for use and by creating statistical data to demonstrate main tendencies and patterns. It is necessary to admit that classical antiquity largely contributed to European culture by defining its basic virtues and vices and creating role models for future generations. Allusions and references to classical antiquity can be easily traced throughout European history. The French Revolution wasn’t an exception while its classical ancient traditions were clearly expressed in visual sources, political writings, and even in everyday life. It is commonly considered that the Jacobins used a large number of classical antiquity images in their political writings. We have to pay special attention to M. Robespierre as he was largely associated with the Jacobin party during the French Revolution as well as nowadays. However, the images of classical antiquity in his political writings are not regarded as an area of interest. Even if there are a few historical writings focused on this topic, they are usually concentrated on the Reign of Terror (1793–1794) while the period of the early Revolutionary years (1789–1791) is often neglected. In order to change this disproportion our research covers this very period.
The results of our analysis proved the significance of the classical antiquity images in M. Robespierre’s political writings providing a set of statistical data and describing its main tendencies. It was proved that the number of references increases each year, pointing out that M. Robespierre clearly understood the differences between antiquity and his times even in the early years of the French Revolution. In addition to this, the research put forward authors’ classification of the classical antiquity images and demonstrating the predominance of some image types.
General of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic Oleksandr Pylkevych (“camp” period of life and activity in Poland, 1921-1922)
Authors: Sribnyak Ihor , Paliienko Maryna
Published: July 2021

The article analyses the last period of life and activity of the head of the Separate Corps of Border Guards General O. Pylkevych during the internment of the Army of the Ukrainian People’s Republic in camps in Poland (1921–1922). Being in various command positions, O. Pylkevych always remained true to himself and his own principles – in relation to subordinates he was consistently demanding and unyielding, while adhering to the requirements of military statutes. O. Pylkevych believed that one of the basic requirements during military service is the discipline of officers and Cossacks, their observance of subordination, their conscientious execution of all orders of direct commanders and senior military commanders.
It is necessary to emphasize the sincere patriotism of O. Pylkevych and his complete devotion to the ideas of the UPR – he made every effort to unite the nationally conscious core of the Ukrainian army, supporting the idea of creating a community of officers as an additional tool to influence the demoralized part of the camp. The general also took care of the development of public centres designed to intensify cultural and educational work in the ranks of the interned troops of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. But the general did not always have enough tact and diplomacy in communicating with certain representatives of the Polish military authorities in the camps, and his excessive categoricalness sometimes caused disapproval among some of the top officials of the UPR Army. As a result of O. Pylkevych’s inability to build business relations with the Polish camp authorities, he was twice removed from the post of head of the internee groups in Lancut.
At the same time, it is necessary to emphasize the expressive patriotism of O. Pylkevych – he made every effort to unite the nationally conscious core of the Ukrainian army in the camps, supporting the idea of creating a community of officers as an additional tool to influence the demoralized part of the camp. The general also took care of the development of public centres designed to intensify cultural and educational work in the ranks of the interned troops of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Throughout his stay in the camps, O. Pylkevych was an example of conscientious performance of military duty, subordinating his life to the interests of the interned Ukrainian army.
OTEL İŞLETMELERİNDE DİNAMİK YETENEKLER İLE HİZMET YENİLİKÇİLİĞİ İLİŞKİSİNDE PAZARLAMA İNOVASYONUNUN ROLÜNÜN YAPISAL EŞİTLİK MODELİ İLE BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: Düzgün Mehmet , Yıldırım İbrahim
Published: July 2021

Müşteri ihtiyaçlarındaki değişimler, mevcut ürün veya hizmetleri tehdit edebilir veya yenileri için birtakım fırsatlar oluşturabilir. Bu bağlamda işletmelerin başarılı olabilmeleri kaynak ve yeteneklerini geliştirmeleri ile birlikte müşterilerin istek ve ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda piyasaya yenilikler getirme yeteneğine bağlıdır. Bu araştırma otel işletmelerinde dinamik yeteneklerin hizmet yenilikçiliği üzerindeki etkisinde pazarlama inovasyonun düzenleyici etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Nedensel tarama modeline göre tasarlanan bu araştırma zincir otel işletmelerinde görev yapan 396 otel yöneticisi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda elde edilen bulgulara göre otel işletmelerinde dinamik yeteneklerin hizmet yenilikçiliği üzerinde pozitif yönlü anlamlı etkilere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca pazarlama inovasyonu söz konusu etkide düzenleyici rol üstlenmektedir.
Optimising sensor pitch for magnetic flux leakage imaging systems
Authors: Murshudov R , Watson J M , Liang C W , Sexton J , Missous M
Published: July 2021

Sensor arrays can significantly increase the speed at which inspections and subsequent imaging of flaws is performed[1]. This work focuses on developing a software approach for optimising the spacing between quantum well Hall-effect (QWHE) magnetic sensors used for magnetic
flux leakage (MFL) imaging, where this approach could be adapted for any non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique in which imaging is obtained. A ground mild steel weld sample containing two surface-breaking flaws prepared by Sonaspection was scanned using an XYZ MFL imaging system developed
at the University of Manchester[2,3,13,14]. The scan was taken with an autonomously controlled lift-off height of 0.75 mm, with an x-y measurement step of 100 μm and an applied magnetic field of 30 mT root mean square (RMS) at a frequency of 400 Hz. This data (ie magnetic image)
was then processed to simulate different measurement step sizes, to determine any relationship between step size and flaw detectability (flaw signal to weld background response). This work effectively simulates different sensor pitches (separation between sensors) of integrated QWHE sensor
arrays from 100 μm to 5 mm, with the goal of determining both the minimum number of sensors required in the array and the optimal spacing to maximise scan speeds and help determine optimum inspection parameters to develop the technology of low-power MFL imaging. This optimisation process
could be applied to any NDE imaging system (electromagnetic or other) currently used, with results dependent on the inspection parameters.
Цивилизация и либеральная демократия
Authors: Pabst Adrian
Published: July 2021

Цивилизация – это новый стержень международных отношений. Брекзит, Трамп и возрождение России, Китая и Индии поставили культуру и цивилизационную идентичность в центр как внутренней, так и внешней политики многих стран мира. Инспирируя “культурные войны”, охватившие Запад, а также сопротивление западному универсализму в большей части незападного мира, цивилизационные нормы апеллируют не только к разуму, но и к сердцам людей, их желанию и потребности в принадлежности. В статье рассматривается возрождение цивилизации как ответ на динамику либерально-демократической модели. Либерально-демократические системы государственного управления отступают, и само их существование находится под вопросом – не только из-за влияния внешних угроз, но вследствие внутренних процессов. Современный капитализм и либерализм высвобождают демонов демократии – олигархию, демагогию, анархию и тиранию. Эти силы подрывают основы западной цивилизации и бросают тень на универсальность западных ценностей. В ответ Россия и Китай взяли на вооружение модель государства-цивилизации, определяемого прежде всего не через этнические, национальные либо территориальные характеристики, а как воплощение уникальной цивилизации. Восхождение государств-цивилизаций не просто меняет глобальный баланс сил, но и ведет к трансформации геополитики от либерального универсализма к культурной исключительности, по мере того как мир становится “постамериканским” и “постзападным”.
Historiografia da educaçâo. Abordagens teóricas e metodológicas
Authors: Costa Rico Antón
Published: July 2021

Unha expresión positiva do actual momento da historiografía educativa brasileira, aberta a interrogantes de investigación e temáticas novas.
Salceda de Caselas nos tempos da emigración a América. Evolución da poboación, economía e dinámicas sociopolíticas locais (1880- 1960)
Authors: Malheiro Xosé Manuel
Published: July 2021

Salceda de Caselas nos tempos da emigración a América presenta unha micro-análise do fenómeno migratorio como tal, baseado na recuperación meticulosa da memoria oral e os fondos fotográficos, epistolares e outra documentación gardada polas familias, onde se recollen e reflicten os aspectos xerais deste problema que vencellou aspectos tales como a demografía,  ou a actividade económica e local-, propiás da socio-dinámica política-, entre as últimas dúas décadas do século XIX e o metade do século XX. Un laborioso traballo de investigación e tratamento das diferentes fontes, complementadas pola reprodución dunha mostra ricaz de fotografías e documentos do período que reflicten á familia, e mesmo as esferas sociais e comunitarias.