bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and gene mutation analysis of clear cell tumor of the lung
Authors: Wu Shibo , Pan Deng , Chen Weizhuang , Ren Feng , Zheng Dawei , Liu Kaitai
Published: May 2024

There were rare clinical reports on clear cell tumor of the lung (CCTL). The clinical characteristics and underlying genetic mutation status of CCTL are poorly understood. From 2012 to 2017, patients pathologically diagnosed with CCTL in our hospital were investigated and analyzed based on clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, prognosis and full gene mutation status through next generation sequencing (NGS) technology. During a 6-year period, four eligible patients were diagnosed with CCTL through surgical resection and were included in this study. All patients showed solitary nodules or lumps located in the left lung. The average maximum diameter of lesions was 2.5 ± 1.1 cm. Computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics of these nodules/lumps demonstrated the features of benign tumors. The hematoxylin-eosin (HE) morphology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with the histopathological features of benign CCTL. Subsequent NGS analysis showed frame shift mutations of F2421/E2419, K1466E mutation, and p. 1450_1456 deletion mutation in mTOR gene in two of four patient samples and amplifications of MCL1 were observed in three of four samples. CCTL is a rare type of primary pulmonary mesenchymal tumor with good prognosis. Preliminary diagnosis on CT is usually sclerosing pneumocytoma. It is still unclear whether the occurrence and development of the disease are related to specific gene mutation. In this study, the genomic findings of frame shift mutation of mTOR genes and amplification of MCL1 gene in CCTL suggest that these mutations might play a role in proliferation of CCTL.
Collision tumor of the ovary
Authors: Tan Geok C. , Chandramaya Sabrina F. , Noordin Amirah , S. Tay Paul Y.
Published: May 2024

Collision tumor consists of two tumors occurring in the same organ without intermixture of the two cell types. The most common type of collision tumor in ovary is between teratoma and surface epithelial tumor. A 38-year-old woman presented with complained of lower abdominal pain and tightness, and a solid partially cystic left ovarian mass with minimal ascites was detected. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The ovarian mass measured 15 × 12 × 7 cm with a pedunculated mass on its surface which measured 6 × 2.5 × 2.5 cm. Histologically, it was a collision tumor of fibroma and mature cystic teratoma. Fibroma becomes more edematous as their size increases, which is frequently accompanied by the escape of increasing quantities of fluid from the tumor surfaces. Ascites is often detected when the fibroma is more than a diameter of 10 cm. It is important to identify the different components of a collision tumor for proper management.
Uterine collision tumor of endometrial stromal sarcoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sharma Shobhna , Vasdev Nandini , Pandey Durgatosh
Published: May 2024

Collision tumors are characterized by occurrence of two or more histologically distinct tumor types at the same anatomic site. Collision tumors have been reported in various organs, such as esophagus, stomach, colon, kidney, lung, skin, thyroid, breast, ovary and uterus. Uterine collision tumors of epithelial and mesenchymal origin are rare and often underrecognized. We report a rare concurrent occurrence of endometrial stromal sarcoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma in a 65-year-old female. It is important to differentiate collision tumors from carcinosarcoma due to impact on clinical management and prognosis. Extensive gross sampling and careful morphological examination aided by immunohistochemical studies is necessary for the diagnosis of this rare entity. This case report aims to increase the awareness of this rare pathological entity with discussion on the management issue based on review of literature. This is the first case in Indian literature to the best of our knowledge.
Central hemangioma of Zygoma - A rare case report with CT and MRI features
Authors: Pokala Archana , Devulapally Revath Vyas , Avinash Tejasvi M. L. , Nedunooru Swathi
Published: May 2024

Intraosseous hemangiomas are uncommon, constituting less than 1% of all osseous tumors. The most frequent sites are the calvaria and the vertebral column. The involvement of the facial bones is rare, and if occurs, it can involve maxilla, mandible, nasal bones and zygomatic bone. Zygomatic hemangioma is a benign, slow-growing tumor occurring mostly in adult women. The radiographic findings are diagnostic. Total excision of the tumor with the primary reconstruction of the defect is the preferred treatment modality. Here, we are reporting a case of a 37-year-old woman who presented with a painless hard swelling in the right zygomatic prominence, which was diagnosed as intraosseous hemangioma after the radiological examination because of its characteristic radiological picture. An Excisional biopsy also proved the swelling to be a cavernous hemangioma.
Epidermal inclusion cyst embedded in benign fibrous histiocytic lesion with prominent epithelioid morphology
Authors: Sood Neelam , Juneja Binjul
Published: May 2024

Benign fibrous histiocytoma also known as dermatofibroma is one of the common mesenchymal neoplasms. It commonly develops in young adult with female predominance and predilection for the extremities, particularly lower extremities. Implantation of epidermis in the dermis or subcutaneous tissues may lead to the formation of epidermal inclusion cyst, which is the most common type of epithelial cyst. Development of epidermal inclusion cyst within a benign fibrous histiocytoma is a rare occurrence. This is a unique case of two unrelated lesions.
Giant exophytic tumor of the leg
Authors: Civriz Aziz Hakkı , Vural Çiğdem , Turan Gupse , Yaşar Emrah Kağan
Published: May 2024

Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases with the most common form being systemic distribution. The least common type of the disease is tumor formation due to deposition which is called “amyloid tumor (amyloidoma)”. Although such tumors can occur in any region of the body, extremity localization is fairly seldom. Here, we report the clinical and histopathological features of amyloidoma in an 81-year-old female patient who presented with a large rapidly growing mass in the left lower extremity.
Incidental dural-based mass
Authors: Zare Pranita , Vaideeswar Pradeep
Published: May 2024

Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle cell tumor commonly occurring in the uterine myometrium. Extra-uterine tumors are infrequent and those occurring in an intracranial location are extremely rare. We report a primary intracranial leiomyoma as an incidental autopsy finding in a 60-year-old woman, who died of acute myocardial infarction.
Adenocarcinoma of the colon and urinary bladder
Authors: Nambiyar Kaniyappan , Mitra Suvradeep , Das Ashim , Bal Amanjit
Published: May 2024

Primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare malignancy with a frequency of less than 2% of all urothelial malignancies. Colonic adenocarcinoma has a much higher prevalence and its infiltration/metastasis in the urinary bladder is a pertinent differential of primary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder. However, the distinction of infiltration by colonic adenocarcinoma from synchronous adenocarcinoma in the bladder and colon is not always easy. Here, we report a 42-year-old male, who initially presented with bladder symptoms and subsequently found to have growth in both bladder and colon. A diagnosis of adenocarcinoma was made from the biopsies from both bladder and colon. Further attempts to differentiate synchronous occurrence or secondary involvement from an adjacent organ was made by radiology, and by an immunohistochemistry panel. The loss of MLH1 and PMS2 coupled with histomorphology and radiology helped in the diagnosis of primary colonic adenocarcinoma infiltrating the urinary bladder.
Sudden cardiac deaths
Authors: Vaideeswar Pradeep , Tyagi Shashank , Singaravel Saranya , Marathe Supreet P.
Published: May 2024

Sudden death, a catastrophic event, falls within the purview of the forensic experts. It is often caused by cardiovascular diseases, which may be evident or occult. A vast majority of sudden cardiac deaths (to the extent of 90%) are due to ischemia of the working or conducting myocardial tissues consequent to coronary artery diseases. A heterogeneous group of nonischemic myocardial disorders, most producing structural abnormalities are responsible for the remainder; they predominantly represent various cardiomyopathies. This review, in two parts, covers sudden cardiac death in medicolegal autopsies with an approach to some common and uncommon nonischemic myocardial diseases that have a genetic and/or nongenetic basis.
Liver histopathology in scope of hematological disorders
Authors: Parikh Rashmi , Bansal Nalini , Sen Rajeev
Published: May 2024

Liver involvement is commonly seen in various haematological disorders. They present clinically with elevation of liver enzymes and organomegaly, with or without mass lesions. However, liver involvement may be silent in many hematological disorders or there may be specific findings in liver biopsy that can lead to the diagnosis of clinically inapparent hematological disorders. Present review highlights features of hepatic manifestations in various hematological diseases with special emphasis on histopathological findings. Among RBC disorders, secondary hemochromatosis is the commonest among patients with hemolytic anemia; whereas Sickle Cell Hepatopathy is a well known complication in Sickle Cell Disease, characterised by sequestration of sickled RBCs in sinusoids. Vascular complications such as Budd Chiari syndrome and portal venopathy with portal vein thrombosis are seen in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. However, sometimes primary hematological disease may remain occult. Various lymphomas show characteristic pattern of hepatic involvement, most common being sinusoidal and portal infiltration. Pattern of infiltration may give clues to different types of lymphomas. Amongst all lymphomas, Diffuse large B cell lymphoma is the most common lymphoma involving liver. Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a fatal systemic condition and liver involvement by widespread fibrin thrombi, is not an exception. Assessing liver histopathology in context of hematological conditions makes better understanding of pathophysiology and progress of these diseases. It is important for hematologists and hepatologist to be aware of possible liver involvement in various hematological diseases presenting with elevated LFTs and have a logical approach to abnormal LFTs.
Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 with temporal lobe dysplasia
Authors: Mondal Akash , Mandal Bappa , Das Ram N. , Chatterjee Uttara , Mukherjee Suchandra
Published: May 2024

Thanatophoric dysplasia type 1 (TD1) is a lethal form of osteochondral dysplasia due to mutation of FGFR3 gene. In addition to severe shortening of the limbs there is temporo-occipital lobe dysplasia along with a range of other CNS anomalies. In this report we describe the radiological and anatomical features at autopsy in neonate with TD1 along with the CNS anomalies. We have also summarized the key distinguishing features of TD1 from other common types of osteochondral dysplasia. An accurate diagnosis is important for genetic counseling and impact on future pregnancies.
“Switch of E-Cadherin to N-Cadherin expression in different molecular subtypes of breast invasive duct carcinomas and its correlation with clinicopathological features”
Authors: Farrag Mayada S. , Anter Abeer H. , Farrag Nesrine S. , Ibrahiem Afaf T.
Published: May 2024

Background:

In breast cancer, metastasis and recurrence is the main culprit in treatment failure. This study aimed to explore the role of E-cadherin/N-cadherin Switch in progression, spread and metastasis in breast invasive duct carcinoma.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study on 118 formalinfixed paraffinembedded mastectomy specimens of invasive breast duct carcinoma. Primary antibodies for E-cadherin (monoclonal, clone HECD-1; Zymed Laboratories; dilution 1:600) and N-cadherin (monoclonal, clone 3B9; Zymed Laboratories, Inc., Montrouge, France; dilution 1:200) were applied for all cases. The study revealed that E-cadherin high expression was significantly associated with advanced TNM clinical stage (P = 0.021), and nodal metastasis (P < 0.001). High expression of N-cadherin was significantly positively correlated with tumor sizes (P < 0.00), advanced clinical stage (P < 0.00), and nodal metastasis (P < 0.008). Mean OS was 39.99 months in cases with negative expression versus 41.8 months in cases with positive expression. Mean DFS in cases with positive E. cadh expression was 41.89 months was higher than mean DFS in cases with negative E. cadh expression which was 40.52 months, but it showed no statistical significance (P = 0.57).

Conclusions/Significance:

This study demonstrated that loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin promotes invasion, migration, and metastasis in invasive ductal carcinoma cells. Importantly, these findings may exploit new cancer therapies using N-cadherin antagonists.
Cytomorphological features of Mammary Analog secretory carcinoma of parotid gland
Authors: Jha Shilpy , Samal Swagatika , Ayyanar Pavithra , Mishra Pritinanda , Purkait Suvendu , Sable Mukund N. , Pradhan Pradeep , Adhya Amit Kumar
Published: May 2024

Mammary analog secretory carcinoma (MASC) of salivary gland is a recently described entity. Due to its rarity and cytomorphological overlap with other salivary gland tumors, it is often difficult to recognize on cytology. Here we describe three such cases with their histopathological correlation. All the three tumors arose in the parotid gland. They were misdiagnosed as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma and salivary duct adenocarcinoma, respectively. Final diagnosis of MASC was established on their follow-up histopathology and immunochemistry evaluation. Cytosmears of these tumors showed high cellularity with papillary architecture lying within fluid background rich in foamy macrophages. Nuclear atypia varied from minimal to marked with frequent mitosis and presence of necrosis. Cytoplasmic vacuolation was a consistent finding. Although the cytomorphological features of MASC are not specific, a diagnosis of MASC should be strongly considered in the presence of papillary architecture, prominent cytoplasmic vacuolations of the tumor cells and a background of cyst fluid. Immunohistochemistry on cell block may be done to confirm the diagnosis.
A case of double positive myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Shaikh Ayeesha B , Aribandi Anil , Gupta Anurag , Subramanian Suresh K. , Goyal Manu
Published: May 2024

Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive (CML) is distinct from other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) as it is positive for the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) with presence of BCR-ABL1 translocation that makes it responsive to targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Distinctly there is another group of Ph-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms as polycythemia vera (PV), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and others that harbor an activating mutation in the Janus Kinase 2 gene (JAK2), i.e., JAK2 V617F mutation. BCR-ABL1 translocation and the JAK2 V617F mutation are generally considered disease defining and mutually exclusive due to diagnostic and therapeutic implications. We hereby present a rare case of MPN with coexistent expression of BCR-ABL1 translocation and JAK2 V617F mutation thus posing a challenge in diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.
Whisper Test – MasS Hearing Screening Programme
Authors: Taneja M.K. , Jain Megha , Taneja Vivek , Parmar Sandip M.
Published: May 2024

Aims and Objectives:

To screen the school going mass for hearing loss and study its relationship with their academic performance and aptitude and compare it with pure tone audiometry and validate whisper test.

Material and Methods:

Procedure- Examiner stands arm distance (60cm) behind the patient. Mask the non-test ear by occluding the external auditory canal by continuously generating rubbing sound. The patient is explained to repeat the words. Test always started with consonants followed by vowels. If more than 80% were correct it was treated as passed.

Results:

In our study out of 86 students, 8 children failed in whisper test, but all passed in conversation test. In the present study performance was poor in failed students. The incidence of day dream, learning difficulty, inattentiveness was high with hearing impaired children.

Conclusion:

The whisper test is a simple effective diagnostic and mass hearing screening test which can predict an early hearing loss and if performed by a trained paramedical or social worker can differentiate in conductive, sensorineural, cochlear, and retrocochlear lesion. Since the whisper test does not require a qualified audiologist or otolaryngologist, it should be be a part of annual health check-up and national programme of prevention and control of deafness specifically hearing care in the elderly.
Postauricular Cutaneous Mastoid Fistula Closure with Combination of Bilobed Flap and Fibro-Muscular-Periosteal Flap
Authors: Restuti Ratna Dwi , Sriyana Ayu Astria , Priyono Harim , Saleh Rangga Rayendra
Published: May 2024

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) with cholesteatoma can present with intratemporal complications such as postauricular subperiosteal abscess with or without fistula. In some postauricular cutaneous mastoid fistula cases, direct closure of the wound is not possible due to skin tension, leading to skin necrosis and postoperative recurrent cutaneous fistula. Here, we describe a surgical technique using a combination of a bilobed flap and a fibro-muscular-periosteal flap for fistula closure on a 31-year-old and a 35-year-old female with postauricular cutaneous mastoid fistula due to CSOM. All patients were successfully managed with no fistula recurrence.
The Importance of Considering the Minimum Interaural Attenuation Value in the Masking Procedure of Pure-Tone Audiometry
Authors: Zakaria Mohd. Normani
Published: May 2024

In pure-tone audiometry (PTA) testing, air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) thresholds are documented accordingly to obtain complete information on the hearing status. Nevertheless, due to the cross-hearing phenomenon, a masking procedure is typically implemented in PTA as an effort to obtain the exact (masked) AC and BC thresholds. As indicated by the respective masking rules, the decision to carry out the masking procedure is based on the “suggested” minimum interaural attenuation (IAA), which is 40 dB (for headphones), regardless of frequency. In this case report, the importance of considering the minimum IAA value based on research findings is highlighted. In particular, to produce more reliable PTA results, the masking procedure can be conducted by considering a lower IAA value (<40 dB).
Evaluation of Cochlear Ototoxicity with Otoacoustic Emissions and Pure-Tone Audiogram Following Treatment for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in our Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Thamizharasan P. , Muthuchitra S. , Indu S. P. , Venkatesh Sumee
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives:

Hearing is a vital function and can be impaired by drugs causing ototoxicity which is inevitable in situations such as multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). A longitudinal study was conducted to evaluate cochleotoxicity by otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and pure-tone audiogram (PTA) in patients following treatment for MDR-TB.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty-five patients were included in the study after excluding cases as per criteria. Baseline pure-tone audiometry and OAEs were done. If asymptomatic, the patient followed up with PTA and distortion product OAE after 3 months and 6 months of treatment with a selected regimen for MDR-TB.

Results:

Compared to the pretreatment prevalence of 67% hearing loss, 81% of patients had hearing loss at 3 months and 97% at 6 months. OAEs were abnormal in 32% before treatment, which increased to 86% at 3 months and 97% at 6 months' follow-up.

Conclusion:

OAEs were able to pick up early the cochlear damage before it became apparent in PTA and well ahead of becoming symptomatic in patient. OAEs should be included in the pre- and post-treatment assessment of hearing with a high-frequency PTA for follow-up in MDR-TB patients or any patient on treatment which may cause ototoxicity.
High Riding Jugular Bulb
Authors: Çoban Kübra , Kansu Leyla , Ergun Tarkan , Aydin Erdinc
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

High jugular bulb (HJB) is usually discovered incidentally; however, it may interfere with inner ear structures such as vestibular aqueduct (VA), facial nerve, and the posterior semicircular canal (PSCC).

Objective:

The aim is to investigate the incidence of HJB in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo patients with PSCC involvement (PSCC-BPPV).

Materials and Methods:

The study group included 53 consecutive, PSCC-BPPV patients, diagnosed in our clinic. Following the diagnosis, their high resolution computed temporal bone tomography were performed. The control group consisted of 90 patients, who attended to our clinic for various complaints, and to whom high resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone was conducted.

Results:

The incidence of HJB in the study group was 41.5% (n = 22). The incidence of ipsilateral HJB in this group was 28.3% (n = 15). The incidence of HJB in the control group was 11.1% (n = 10) (P < 0.001). The closest distance between HJB and PSCC canal in the control and study groups was 1.61 ± 0.74 mm and 1.17 ± 0.37 mm, respectively (P = 0.098).

Conclusion:

The HJB is significantly more frequent in PSCC-BPPV patients. Furthermore, the rate of incidence of HJB in the ipsilateral ears of these patients is significantly higher. Venous hypertension or the turbulence may cause strong pulsations, which influence the detachment of the otoconia into the PSCC.
Presbycusis
Authors: Taneja Mahendra Kumar
Published: May 2024

Presbycusis is aging deafness, progressive decrease in hearing, high frequency usually associated with tinnitus. This is due to the release of free radicals in cellular metabolism leading to cell death of cochlear hair cells, stria vascularis, and sensorineural degeneration. It also leads to vasoconstriction of end arteries resulting in hypoxia, ischemia, and necrosis of cells. Apart from hair cells, rest all can be regenerated by suitable environment, diet positivity, lifestyle changes, and proper diet along with Yoga and Pranayama. It is a long-run exercise. Since visual integration is a part of hearing, focused concentration, dynamic neurobics, and mid-brain activation also help in rehabilitation. The most important Pranayama is modified Nadi Shodhan (Kumbhak).
Epidemiological Study of Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Adults
Authors: Gupta Kartikesh , Varshney Saurabh , Tyagi Amit Kumar , Kumar Amit , Sood Rachit
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

Unaddressed hearing loss poses great loss with an annual risk of 750 billion United States dollars. In India, the incidence of adult-onset deafness is found to be around 7.6%. Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (USNHL) has been found to affect 7.9%–13.3% of the Indian population. Since, most of the literature available is on bilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL), and limited work is done on USNHL. Hence, this study tends to list and analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with USNHL and is the largest Indian series related to clinical profile of USNHL.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology to study the clinico-epidemiological profile of 130 adult patients having USNHL. Patients were worked up using clinical, audiological, laboratory, and radiological tests, to reach a particular diagnosis.

Results:

The most common age group seen was 36–45 years (36.9%) with male preponderance. The majority of patients had an education of less than high school. About 27.7% of the patients had associated tinnitus and vertigo both. Most of the patients (30%) presented with 1–5-years duration of illness and noise as the most common associated risk factor. Forty-three percent of patients had profound hearing loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done in 37% of patients and was found to be diagnostic in 6.1% of cases. The most common etiology found was idiopathic progressive SNHL (43.1%).

Conclusion:

USNHL was more commonly seen in nonelderly males. Majority had profound hearing loss and presented very late. This study also mentions the possible socioeconomic correlate of the patients with their clinical profile. MRI is useful in detecting rare etiologies such as dolichoectasia, multiple sclerosis, schwannoma, and vestibulocochlear anomalies. A very diverse etiology of USNHL was seen.
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Presenting as Long-Standing Vertigo
Authors: Fawzi Noor Elyana Ahmad , Alias Azila , Othman Nik Adilah Nik , Daud Mohd Khairi Md
Published: May 2024

Superior semicircular canal dehiscence (SSCD) is a complex syndrome and the symptoms can mimic other otologic diseases. We describe a case of a female who presented with imbalance for 10 years which has been psychologically disturbing. Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials and high-resolution computed tomography scan of the temporal bone confirmed the diagnosis of SSCD. The patient's symptoms improved after the closure of the defect. SSCD should be considered as a differential diagnosis in a case of long-standing vertigo.
The Frenotomy Efficacy in Gaining Weight of Exclusively Breastfed Infant with Ankyloglossia
Authors: Koento Trimartani , Tamin Susyana , Hutahuruk Syahrial Marsinta , Praborini Asti , Amouzegar Ervin
Published: May 2024

Background:

Ankyloglossia, or tongue-tie, is a condition in which the tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth through the frenulum, causing limited tongue movement. Short frenulum variations cause reduced anterior tongue movement resulting in breastfeeding, swallowing, articulation, and orthodontics problems. These abnormalities in infants cause breastfeeding problems that affect infants' weight gain, malocclusion, and speech disorders. Frenotomy in infant ankyloglossia is performed if there are problems with breastfeeding, poor sucking, slow weight gain, and recurrent mastitis. With this indication, we need to observed the efficacy of frenotomy done before the age of 1 month, and the frenotomy done at 1-3 months old in gaining weight of exclusively breastfed infants with ankyloglossia.

Materials and Methods:

A observational retrospective cohort method from patient medical records in a private hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research subject is a total sampling patient medical records secondary data and collected 68 subjects. The Subjects are divided into two groups, the first group was patients whose frenotomy was done before the age of 1 month, and the second group was patients whose frenotomy was done at 1-3 months old. We assessed the weight gain between the two groups. The data were analyzed and compared the percentage of weight gain before and after frenotomy.

Results:

The percentage of weight gain before and after frenotomy shows that in the first group, there was a percentage gain of 11.4% in body weight of the subjects and during post-frenotomy control, the percentage of weight gain in this group increased to 111, 4%. In the second group, the percentage of weight gain before the frenotomy was 70.6%, while the post-frenotomy control was only 57.7%.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated the efficacy of frenotomy in gaining weight of exclusively breastfed infants with ankyloglossia. There was a significant difference in the weight gain of infants with ankyloglossia who underwent frenotomy at the age of exclusive breastfeeding, before the age of 1 month and between the ages of 1 to 3 months.
Reverse Masking in Clinical Audiology
Authors: Yadav Suryakant , Kasera Shejal , Prabhu Prashanth
Published: May 2024

Masking is a concept that is used in audiology to yield the accurate threshold of the test ear. The ear's selection to be masked is based on the Weber test, which can be misleading in certain conditions. There is a need to explain the concept, which can help audiologists give an accurate diagnosis. Reverse masking is one such technique where the nonlateralized ear is masked to get the lateralized ear's precise threshold. This presentation attempts to explain this concept in clinical audiological practice and avoid the limitations of conventional masking procedures.
Pediatric Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Raji Abdelaziz , Mounji Houda , Chehbouni Mohammed , Rochdi Youssef , Nouri Hassan , Elfakiri Mehdi
Published: May 2024

Background:

Cochlear implants (CIs) are nowadays a widely accepted treatment for sensorineural hearing loss.

Aim:

This study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics and the surgical approach and to evaluate the outcomes of our experience in cochlear implantation in pediatric population at the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery of Mohammed VI University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted on 113 children with severe-to-profound hearing loss who underwent a cochlear implantation between 2007 and 2018.

Results:

There were 65 females and 48 males with severe-to-profound bilateral deafness, of whom 103 had prelingual deafness. The mean age of pediatric cochlear implantation was 5.25 years. Implantation was unilateral in all patients. The procedure was followed by regular adjustments and speech therapy. The evaluation was carried out by the same team each month during the first 6 months and then every 6 months. The average duration of follow-up was 38.94 months. All patients benefited from their implants with interindividual variability. The good results were correlated with early implantation, significant parental investment, and a steady follow-up of speech therapy.

Conclusion:

Cochlear implantation has revolutionized the management of severe-to-profound deafness. It is a safe and effective technique when it is aimed at correctly selected populations.
Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials in Assessing Benefit from Cochlear Implants, Hearing Aids and Bimodal Stimulation
Authors: Vanaja C. S. , Purkar Snehal Sanjay , Jain Rudravi Rajesh , Kasliwal Aditi Sachin , Rucha V.
Published: May 2024

Context:

Aided Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials (CAEPs) can be one of the objective methods to assess benefit from hearing devices in difficult-to-test population. There is a dearth of studies using CAEPs to evaluate the benefit obtained with bimodal stimulation.

Aim:

The aim of the present investigation was to investigate if CAEPs can be used as an objective measure to assess benefit from bimodal stimulation.

Participants and Methods:

CAEPs using /t/ stimmulus was recorded from 6 children in 3 conditions (using only hearing aid, with only cochlear implant [CI] and using bimodal condition). Behavioral tests carried out included aided sound field thresholds and Early Speech Perception Test (ESP) in auditory mode.

Results:

CI assisted thresholds for all the six children were within speech spectrum whereas hearing aid assisted thresholds were within speech spectrum for three children and outside speech spectrum for three. The results of ESP complimented the aided thresholds. Amplitude of CAEPs appeared to show an association with behavioural measures. The amplitude of CAEPs were lesser when the benefit from hearing device was lesser.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study indicate that CAEPs can be used to evaluate benefit/advantage from bimodal stimulation in difficult-to-test population. This case report series provides empirical evidence for use of CAEPs in clinics. Studies on larger population are needed to confirm the results of the present study.
Inscriptional study on Prasādam, at the Tirumala Tirupati Temple walls, and its significance from the perspective of Ayurveda and Siddha
Authors: Rajendran Abinaya , Kuraakula Chandrika , Prasad Goli Penchala
Published: May 2024

Abstract

India has rich cultural heritage resources such as diversity in food, customs, temples, and people with different religions. Our Indian cuisine, as well as Indian temples, catch the overriding attractions of foreigners too. This article explores the information about the Naivētyās (food offerings to the deity)/Prasādam (offerings become Prasādam/Prasāda after distributing to the public) from the wall inscriptions of Tirumala Tirupati Temple (TTT) along with Ayurvedic and Siddha therapeutic effects.
Fifty years of the medico-historical journal of CCRAS: A bibliometric analysis (1971–2020)
Authors: Sridevi Venigalla , Srivani Lanka Venkata , Prasad Goli Penchala , Srikanth Narayanam , Acharya Rabinarayan
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The Journal of Indian Medical Heritage (formerly known as Bulletin of the Institute of History of Medicine, Bulletin of the Indian Institute of History of Medicine, and Journal of Indian Institute of History of Medicine) published by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), New Delhi. The journal publishes literary research and medico-historical studies on Ayush medical systems, Modern medicine, other world medical traditions, History, Archeology, Anthropology, Indology, and Literature. The aim of the study was to carry out a detailed bibliometric analysis of articles published in the Journal of Indian Medical Heritage (JIMH) from 1971 to 2020. As of March 2021, the journal published 50 volumes from 1971 to 2020. The present analysis covers and discusses the year-wise distributions of papers; authorship pattern; most prolific authors; length of papers; number of citations; indexed papers, geographical distribution of papers; and organization-wise, subject-wise, and category-wise distribution of papers. The study shows that a total of 581 full-length papers and 5457 citations were published during 1971–2020. Among 581 papers, 393 (67.64%) papers are contributed by single authors and 188 (32.36%) by joint authorship. The majority of papers had 6–10 pages (216), and the highest number of papers was contributed by authors from India (87.61%) and by CCRAS (59.12%). The research publications are categorized under fifteen subject areas, and the three top papers are published on the subject of Ayurveda (224), followed by the Unani medical system (119) and Modern medicine (42). It is noted that the published papers under different subjects are inherently classified under twelve categories, and the three top papers pertaining to medico-historical studies (172), descriptive notes on manuscripts, rare books (92), and biographical profiles of authors of classical treatises and eminent personalities who significantly contributed in medical systems (84). The current study explores the intellectual structure and trends in medico-historical studies in Ayush medical systems, modern medicine, and health-related domain areas.
Standardization of naturopathy treatment equipment: A Review of hip bathtub
Authors: Rastogi Rajiv
Published: May 2024

Abstract

Naturopathy is a traditional science of healing and health care and found to be more effective in the management of lifestyle related disease conditions apart from promotion of health, prevention of disease as well as restoration of health. It is a system of treatment which is believed to be based on the panchamahabhutas theory of which this body and the entire universe is made up of. These panchamahabhutas, that is., five elements are Prithvi, Jala, Sun, Air, and Ether. Different naturopathy treatment modalities have been developed based on these elements theory which are categorized under different sections such as fasting therapy, diet therapy, mud therapy, hydrotherapy, massage therapy, chromo therapy, air therapy, and yoga therapy. The naturopathy treatments are executed with the help of different equipment which have been developed gradually by the naturopathy practitioners based on their prolonged experiences. These were prepared locally under the guidance of the naturopathy physician which were need based. Gradually with the promotion and propagation of system of naturopathy it was found necessary to prepare the equipment on a bigger scale. Hence, the manufacturing units came into the picture. It was observed that the equipment developed so, needs certain modifications/improvements to make them more accurate and user friendly. In view of above, a review was done on hip bathtub. The present paper highlights the need and advantages of standardization of hip bathtub, a naturopathy treatment equipment which is one of the most frequently used treatment in the naturopathy centers all over the country.
Comparative analysis of the red-complex organisms and recently identified periodontal pathogens in the subgingival plaque of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with severe chronic periodontitis
Authors: Pandian Divya Shree , Victor Dhayanad John , Cholan Priyanka , Prakash PSG , Subramanian Sangeetha , Shankar Sumi Priyadarshini
Published: May 2024

Aim:

This analytical case–control study sought to evaluate the presence of the recently established putative periodontal pathogen organisms, Filifactor
alocis and Fretibacterium
fastidiosum, against the levels of the already established red-complex pathogens, Porphyromonas
gingivalis, Tannerella
forsythia, and Treponema
denticola, in chronic periodontitis sites of patients with and without diabetes mellitus.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-six subgingival plaque samples were obtained from the deepest sites of subjects diagnosed with severe chronic periodontitis with and without diabetes mellitus. These patients were categorized into two groups of 28 each. Clinical parameters were recorded and microbial analysis was done with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the bacterial counts of F. alocis and F. fastidiosum were determined and then compared with that of the red-complex organisms.

Results:

The bacterial counts were found to be higher in the diabetic group than that in the nondiabetic group, which was statistically significant for T. forsythia (P < 0.037) and T. denticola (P < 0.003). The study found very less number of F. alocis, which was slightly higher in the diabetic group. When correlating the bacterial levels within the nondiabetic groups, the red complex species had a strong positive correlation both individually with F. alocis (P < 0.0001) and F. fastidiosum (P < 0.001) and also when the newer species was clubbed together as a cohort (P < 0.0001). Whereas, in the diabetic group, although there was a positive correlation, there was no statistical significance.

Conclusion:

The results of this study highlighted the presence of a definite difference in the subgingival microbiota of both the patient groups evaluated. They also indicate that of the newly identified microorganisms, both the cohorts had higher levels of F. fastidiosum, suggesting a pathobiont-like role of this bacteria among both these periodontitis groups. F. alocis was comparatively lesser in number among the cohorts evaluated, and the cause for this decreased level of F. alocis needs to be further evaluated. The results of the present study depict a higher bacterial load in the diabetic group when compared to the nondiabetic group. Further, the study demonstrates a strong correlation between the red-complex species and the newer organisms in the nondiabetic group.
Modified extrinsic tooth stain index and its clinical applicability
Authors: Marya Charu Mohan , Taneja Pratibha , Ahuja Tanvi Kaur , Nagpal Ruchi , Kataria Sakshi
Published: May 2024

Aim:

The first index for the assessment of extrinsic stain was published by Lobene in 1986. Using the Lobene stain index in the field is very cumbersome as well it does not meet the general requirement of an index, i.e., the index is to be simple, rapid, highly reproducible, and sensitive enough to detect small changes in the staining level. Hence, there was a need to develop an alternative index for the same purpose. Hence, the only present study was undertaken to propose a modified stain index with more simplicity and clarity.

Materials and Methods:

An observational study was carried out among 16–44-year-old participants who had at least six natural teeth and were generally healthy. For the revised index, the criteria and codes for intensity were kept the same as MacPherson Index but the criteria for recording area were modified. The data scoring for each tooth was mentioned in the proposed table and was recorded for each of the surfaces according to the proposed area and intensity codes. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21 (IBM, Inc. Virginia, United States). Inferential statistics were performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Nonparametric tests were applied following the imposition of a numerical interval scale the same as the Lobene index.

Results:

No statistically significant difference was appreciated for the area, intensity, and product of area × intensity when compared for measurements recorded by two indices as P > 0.05. Hence, validating the proposed index for the clinical application.

Conclusion:

The proposed modified index may be advantageous over its conventional counterpart due to its ease of recording and concise scoring and also less complexity in the area to be recorded.
Periodontal Ehlers–Danlos syndrome in early childhood: A case report of loss of deciduous teeth
Authors: Martins Ricardo Souza , Muniz Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , Gondim Juliana Oliveira , Maurique Luísa De Souza , Nolasco-Lopes Clélia Maria , Oliveira Bibiana Mello De , Carvalho Rosimary De Sousa
Published: May 2024

The aim of the present study is to report a case of periodontal Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (pEDS) in early childhood. A 3-year-old child, complaining of severe tooth mobility, gingival bleeding, and early loss of deciduous teeth sought the dental clinics. The patient was diagnosed with pEDS, and no other systematic health impairments were diagnosed. It was implemented a strict supragingival biofilm control, using mechanical and chemical strategies. However, during the treatment, the patient had to receive multiple dental extractions. Scaling and root planing were performed in the remaining teeth, and the patient is included in the periodontal maintenance program to prevent recurrence of the disease. It was concluded that, although rare, severe cases of periodontitis may occur in deciduous teeth. Strict supragingival biofilm control and periodontal maintenance are strongly recommended in those patients, along with familial monitoring.
Multiple periodontal abscesses with atypical segmental teeth mobility in a nonperiodontitis case: A periodontal alarm of postcoronavirus disease-2019 mucormycosis
Authors: Shetty Sharath K. , Martande Santosh S. , Poulose Mariam , Gopalakrishnan Dharmarajan
Published: May 2024

The coronavirus pandemic, constantly mutating virus, and newer complications arising with each passing day have put health workers in jeopardy. One such serious complication being reported is mucormycosis. It is a deadly and rapidly spreading infection resulting in angioinvasion and tissue necrosis. In precoronavirus disease (COVID) era mucormycosis was observed mainly in patients having comorbidities such as diabetes, neutropenia, or previous history of organ transplant. In the present case report, a systemically healthy patient presented with mucormycosis postcoronavirus disease-2019 infection. The patient presented with atypical periodontal findings such as multiple periodontal abscesses, segmental teeth mobility, and deep periodontal pockets confined to the maxillary right quadrant. This form of presentation should be a wake-up call for all dental professionals to be in the constant lookout for any signs and symptoms of mucormycosis even in seemingly nonhigh-risk patients.
Efficacy of chlorhexidine/herbal formulation for microbial reduction in aerosol generated following ultrasonic scaling - A double-blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ashokkumar Lekha , Lavu Vamsi , Palraj Kennedy Kumar , Rao Suresh Ranga , Balaji Subbusamy Kanakasabapathy
Published: May 2024

Background:

Ultrasonic scaling is a potential source of aerosol contamination in dental clinics. The two primary sources of microbial load in aerosols are from the oral cavity and dental unit water line. Literature evidence suggest that the use of preprocedural mouth rinse reduce the bacterial load in aerosol generated during ultrasonic scaling.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to assess the comparative efficacy of reduction in viable bacteria in the aerosol at patient’s chest area, doctor’s mask area and two feet beside the patient following use of chlorhexidine/herbal formulation diluted in the water source by a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five subjects (with chronic gingivitis) were matched for age, gender, and gingival index score. The subjects were randomized and received ultrasonic scaling with distilled water (control)/chlorhexidine (tTest)/herbal formulation (test). Aerosol produced during scaling was collected at patient’s chest area, doctor’s mask area, two feet beside the patient on blood agar plates, which were incubated at 37°C for 48 h and total colony forming units (CFUs) were counted.

Results:

A significant reduction in the total CFUs’ counts was observed at all the three sites sampled in test groups (chlorhexidine group and herbal formulation group) as compared to control (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The addition of antiseptic agents to the water source contributed to a significant reduction of the cultivable microbial counts in the aerosol and hence can be used to reduce the risk of cross-infection during ultrasonic scaling.
Cold Abscess of Bilateral Parotids: Delusion or Reality?
Authors: Udagi Chaitra , Jaisinghani Pooja , Waghmare Rasika , Patil Tushar
Published: May 2024

Tuberculosis being endemic in country like India can affect any organ though pulmonary tuberculosis is rampant and extrapulmonary is rare. Tuberculosis affecting parotid gland is a rare occurrence, usually unilateral. However, Mycobacterium tuberculosis causing cold abscess in bilateral parotid glands is even rarer. Here, we present a case of a young female presented with bilateral slow-growing swelling in the parotid region with evening raise of temperature for two months. On clinical examination, no signs of inflammation were seen. Ultrasonography showed thick-walled hypoechoic collection with septae and internal echoes within involving both superficial and deep lobes of the parotid gland. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) suggested a caseating granuloma and acid fast bacilli were detected on ZN staining, thereby confirming the diagnosis of cold abscess. She was put on antitubercular drugs and there was a drastic reduction in the size of swelling.