bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The results of periodontal aid for patients with periodontosis in Samara State dentistry clinics (terms and conditions).
Authors: Nesterov Aleksandr , Sadykov Mukatdes , Chigarina Svetlana , Haykin Maksim , Trunin Dmitriy
Published: May 2020

Subject. Data on the prevalence and epidemiology of chronic periodontitis are presented. The main treatment protocols for this pathology and the most common complications arising from its neglect or inadequate treatment are presented. The goal is to conduct a retrospective analysis of the incidence of chronic generalized periodontitis in the period from 2015 to 2019 in medical institutions of the dental profile of the city of Samara Methodology. During the study 21368 medical records were studied in the period from 2015 to 2019, and errors in filling out 2910 medical records of primary patients were analyzed. The quality of conducting 18458 medical records was assessed in the provision of dental care for patients with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. Statistical processing of the material was carried out using the statistical program package “Statistica” for the formation of clear approaches in the diagnosis, treatment methods and prevention of this pathology. Results. An analysis of medical records showed that the highest prevalence of chronic periodontitis was observed in the 55―64-year-old age group (29.82 % of those examined), while 67.5 % of the patients showed a generalized form of chronic periodontitis, and 32.5 % localized. The treatment of such patients was carried out comprehensively and included both conservative methods of treatment, as well as surgical and orthodontic treatment. Stabilization in chronic generalized and localized periodontitis of mild degree occurred in 45 % of patients, in medium ― in 33.4 %, and in severe ― in 8.5 %. Conclusions. The frequency of occurrence of patients with a diagnosis of "chronic periodontitis" by referral to dental clinics is about 86 %. At the same time, the positive outcome of the treatment currently remains at an extremely low level, especially in the treatment of patients with a severe degree of development of chronic periodontitis. This is largely due to the neglect by the dentists of the proposed treatment protocols.
KINESIO TAPING AND THE POSSIBILITY OF IT’S ADMINISTRATION IN TRAUMATIC INJURIES OF THE MAXILLOFACIAL REGION
Authors: Gasimzade Javid , Takhavieva Farida , Ksembaev Said , Ivanov Oleg
Published: May 2020

Subject. A literature review is devoted to the urgent problem of maxillofacial surgery and surgical dentistry ― improving the efficiency of rehabilitation of patients with fractures of the lower jaw using kinesiotape.

The goal is to study the materials of publications devoted to kinesiotape during traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial region.

Methodology. The mechanisms of action of a kinesiological teip applied in the form of applications on the skin are described in detail, which lead to the creation of favorable conditions for sanogenetic processes that are realized in normalizing microcirculation, reducing edema and the severity of pain. An increase in the number of publications on the use of this method in the prevention and treatment of injuries of the musculoskeletal system in athletes was noted. Moreover, at present, kinesioteiping is also used in clinical medicine, for example, in the practice of neurology and orthopedics. According to modern scientific research, the use of kinesiotape in patients with chronic back pain, subacromial impingement syndrome, acute whiplash injury of the cervical spine can significantly reduce the severity of pain.

Results. Despite the rather widespread use of the method of kinesiotapeing in sports and clinical medicine, in the available literature there is a small number of works devoted to its use in maxillofacial surgery, in particular for fractures of the lower jaw. The use of the method of kinesiotherapy after surgery for osteosynthesis of fragments of the lower jaw has significantly reduced the level of inflammatory edema and the intensity of the pain syndrome.

Conclusions. The presented literature review results indicate that kinesiotherapy is a promising, simple, non-traumatic method of rehabilitation after surgical treatment of lower jaw fractures, which does not have side effects and complications and significantly improves the quality of life of patients.

However, scientific studies devoted to the analysis of the use of kinesiotherapy for traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial region are not enough for this period.
On the issue of designing a beam element of polymer composite materials, considering shock effects
Authors: Astakhov M.V. , Slavkina E.V.
Published: May 2020

The use of articles of polymer composite materials is a widespread way to reduce the weight of the structure and increase its corrosion resistance. One of the main disadvantages of such articles is low resistance to shock loads. The advantages and disadvantages of known methods of increasing the resistance to dynamic loading of parts and assemblies of polymer composite materials are considered. The design of a multilayer adaptive beam element containing an inner layer of elasticviscoplastic dilatant liquid — polysilicon as a layer of variable stiffness increasing the resistance to impact is proposed. Based on laboratory testing followed by statistical processing the results, the mechanical characteristics of polysilicon under shock loading (density, Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, shear modulus) were determined, and dependence of normal stress on relative longitudinal strain is plotted. A method for calculating the strength of an adaptive beam element with an inner layer of polysilicon under impact is proposed.
Evaluation of Activated Carbon Electrodes as Anodes in a Microbial Fuel Cell Using Shewanella Putrefaciens
Authors: Vanegas-Hernández Diana Marcela , Cardona-Aristizabal Mónica Liliana , Zapata-Benabithe Zulamita
Published: May 2020

In this work, three types of activated carbons were evaluated as electrodes in the anode chamber of a two-chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC). The evaluation was applied using a pure Shewanella Putrefaciens culture due to its gram-negative characteristics. In the cathode chamber, a platinum electrode was used, and a Nafion® 117 proton exchange membrane was selected as a separator of both chambers. The activated carbons were obtained from different precursors (coffee husk, commercial coal, and mineral coal), with different microporous and surface properties. From the voltage and current measurements, it was found that the cell power values ​​varied between 0.008 mW and 0.045 mW. The electrode obtained from chemical activation of coffee husk with H3PO4 at 450 °C (Q) showed the best electrochemical behaviour and highest power values. This result may be mainly related to the macroscopic morphology and mesopores that improve the wettability of the surface by the medium thought carbonaceous material. SEM images showed a better biofilm formation, larger filaments of the bacteria, and micro-beds formation over the surface of bio-anode Q, which improved the interaction with the microorganism, its metabolism, and electrons extracellular transfer. Therefore, activated carbon from coffee husk could be considered as a promising material for electrodes of microbial fuel cells.
Optimization of the Effect of Temperature and Bed Height on Cr (VI) Bioadsorption in Continuous System
Authors: Villabona-Ortíz Angel , Tejada-Tovar Candelaria , Ruiz-Paternina Erika , Frías-González Jesús David , Blanco-García Gerlyn David
Published: May 2020

In the present paper, the residues of the plantain starch extraction process are proposed as an adsorbent to remove Cr (VI) in a continuous fixed bed-system, varying the temperature in 33, 40, 55, 70 y 76 °C and bed height in the range of 15.5, 30, 65, 100, 114.5 mm. The adsorbent material was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD). The Cr (VI) solution at 100 ppm had contact with the column by gravity, with a flow rate of 0.75 mL/s at the different working conditions. At the end of the process, the residual concentration of the metal was measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy using the standard method for the determination of Cr (VI) in water ASTM D1687-17. From the results, it was established that the bioadsorbent has the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and methyl functional groups and that the adsorption process is controlled by electrostatic interactions; the variables evaluated had a significant influence on the process because applying the RSM methodology it was observed that the optimal operating conditions are 81.49 mm of bed height and temperature of 68 ºC. Based on the behavior of the rupture curve, it was found that the bio-material has the potential to be used as a filler in an adsorption column with the purpose of remove Cr (VI).
The Development of Collaborative Learning Cell Based on Brain-Based Learning (BBL)Model for The Junior High School Science Learning in The Agroecosystem Area
Authors: Laksana Ari Dwi Setya , Prihatin Jekti , Novenda Ika Lia
Published: May 2020

Agroecosystem plays an important role in the national economy. However, the role of agroecosystem in education in the form of teaching and learning has not been used optimally. It is less in providing opportunities for students to develop their mindset based on their abilities so that the students do not understand the potential requiring the surrounding area. Learning models that can provide opportunities for students to develop are suitable with the 2013 curriculum. Modification of collaborative learning Cells with Brain-Based Learning (BBL LC) model makes the learning appropriate for the 2013 curriculum. The purpose is to obtain a valid, effective, and practical model which is suitable for the junior high school science learning in the agroecosystem area. The research type is development research (R & D) by using the 4-D model but, only use three stages; Define, Design, and Develop stages without using Disseminate stage. This research was conducted at Junior High School 7 Jember. The data collection techniques were filling out the validation sheet, interview, observation, test, and documentation. The data analysis techniques include data analysis from the validation results, model analysis, and model effectiveness analysis. The model validity was the average results of the product validation (85.81%) in a very valid category. The model effectiveness was the average of¬N-gain learning outcomes (0.53) and students' problem-solving skill questionnaires (75.87% ) in a good category. The model practicality was from the teacher and student response questionnaires with an average of about 92.94% and 94% which belongs to a very practical category.
The Improvement Critical Thinking Ability of Students Through Reciprocal Learning (Reciprocal Teaching) and Jigsaw Models in Biological Lesson in Parlaungan Islamic High School and Al-Muslim High School
Authors: Slamet Slamet , Walujo Djoko Adi , Sugito Sugito
Published: May 2020

Reciprocal teaching is one of learning model which is consist of four strategies: summarizing, questioning, claryfying the knowladge, and predicting. Another type of cooperative learning is jigsaw models. Jigsaw is a cooperative learing model which create some expert learning groups to stimulate critical thinking of the student abilities. Jigsaw is a learning model that triggers student to have active role in group learning. This study was to know the effect of Reciprocal Teaching with Jigsaw learning model on student critical learning ability is important to be exposure because its study shows that the 10th grade high school students had a low critical thinking abilities. As pre-test and post-test statistical data showed the influence of prior knowledge on learning result has significance points of 0,443 > 0,05., so it can be conclude that the data is significant. Based on the data, there are influence between the prior knowledge to the crtitical thinking ability result. According to the statistical data, the influence of learning models on learning results has significance points of 0,060 > 0,05., so it can be conclude that there are diffrence effect in critical thinking ability by using Reciprocal teaching vs Jigsaw models. Based on the data, the significance points are 0,126 > 0,05., it indicates that the students learning results data is valid or significant and it can be conclude that there are some interaction between Reciprocal teaching with Jigsaw model learning method and aperception knowledge on the learning result of 10th grade student critical thinking ability at Islam Parlaungan High School Waru and Al-Muslim High School Waru.
Identification of Bacteria on Seblak Food around University of Jember Based on Microbiological Criteria of Processed Food
Authors: Cahyani Rizka Maulidya , Waluyo Joko , Iqbal Mochammad
Published: May 2020

The quality of food that is good in bacteriological, chemical and physical must always be maintained in order to avoid diseases or health problems. Healthy and safe food is an important factor to improve the standard of public health. Seblak is a ready-to-eat Indonesian food which until now has never been carried out research about what kinds of bacteria in it. Seblak is a food made from raw crackers which is then deliberately soaked using hot water to have a chewy texture. This study aims to determine what types of bacteria are contained in seblak, through the process of isolation and identification in the macroscopic, microscopic and biochemical way. This study used 5 samples, which was repeated 5 times for each sample. Bacteria were isolated from the sample using spread plate techniques and observed by growing colonies on the plate. Each different colonies was observed microscopically through gram staining and endospore staining. To strengthen the data, biochemical tests were also carried out, biochemical tests that have been done in this study were the oxidase test, catalase test, and indole test. The results of the study showed that the bacteria that were found from the samples are in the genus of Bacillus sp. because they show the morphological characteristics of the colonies that form concentric circles, meanwhile, microscopic observations show morphological characteristics of cells in the form of gram-negative bacilli and have the endospores.
Le contrôle de l’acidose ruminale latente
Authors: SAUVANT D. , GIGER-REVERDIN S. , MESCHY F.
Published: May 2020

Le principal critère d’évaluation de l’acidose du rumen est le pH moyen mesuré pendant plusieurs heures après le repas. D’autres critères ont été proposés, cependant ils restent très corrélés au précédent et ne fournissent pas d’information plus pertinente.
Différentes mesures peuvent être effectuées sur les aliments, ou les régimes alimentaires, pour évaluer le risque d’acidose ruminale. Au niveau des aliments, il est ainsi possible de mesurer leur pouvoir tampon propre, leur fermentescibilité in vitro, ou la chute de pH induite, et la dégradabilité à court terme (4h) in sacco de leur MS. D’autres critères peuvent être utilisés, il s’agit en particulier de la teneur en amidon dégradable pour les matières premières amylacées. Enfin, le bilan cation-anion peut aussi être évalué au niveau des aliments et être utilisé pour évaluer une facette du pouvoir acidogène des aliments. Au niveau des régimes, la fibrosité représente un facteur essentiel de risque d’acidose ; il y a en fait deux composantes de fibrosité, la fibrosité chimique, quantifiée par la teneur en NDF (NDF/MS > 35 %), la fibrosité physique évaluée par la taille moyenne des particules (TP > 4 mm), ou la proportion de MS retenue à un tamis de 2 mm (P2 > 40 %). Il est possible de chercher à combiner ces deux types de critères. Les critères de fibrosité sont très importants dans la mesure où ils déterminent l’activité masticatoire et, de ce fait, le recyclage des tampons ainsi que le flux liquidien ruminal, critères plus déterminants de l’acidose que ceux qui prédisent la production des AGV. D’autres aspects interviennent de façon non négligeable dans le risque d’acidose, il s’agit en particulier du niveau d’ingestion ainsi que du rôle de certaines populations microbiennes du rumen telles que les protozoaires. Outre les facteurs relatifs aux aliments et aux rations, il est possible d’envisager des supplémentations de substances préventives, c’est en particulier le cas des substances tampons et de certaines substances probiotiques.
L’ensemble des équations et recommandations proposées permettent de tenir compte de différents critères pour prévenir le risque d’acidose latente.
L’inscription du type génétique dans les règlements techniques des produits animaux sous AOC : conséquences pour les races animales
Authors: LAMBERT-DERKIMBA A. , CASABIANCA F. , VERRIER E.
Published: May 2020

L’intégration d’un critère racial dans le règlement technique des produits animaux sous AOC est en nette augmentation depuis les années 90. Elle concerne aujourd’hui l’intégralité des fromages AOC au lait de brebis, la majorité des AOC carnées, environ la moitié (en quantité) de la production de fromage AOC au lait de vache et le tiers de celle de fromage de chèvre AOC. Des logiques régionales apparaissent clairement, traduisant ainsi les différentes conceptions de l’AOC portés par les acteurs de ces filières. Dans le cas de la production fromagère, nous avons estimé que l’équivalent de 6,5 % des vaches laitières et d’environ un tiers des brebis laitières sont mobilisées par des AOC. L’analyse détaillée selon les races révèle une grande diversité de situations. Les atouts de ce lien race/AOC sont analysés. Il apparaît que la race peut contribuer à la typicité des produits et permet ainsi d’étayer la notion d’origine, mais qu’elle peut, dans certains cas, n’être qu’un simple alibi marketing. On souligne l’importance de la cohérence entre règlement technique, pratiques d’élevage et aptitudes des animaux. A quelques exceptions près (race dédiée à une AOC), les interactions entre les collectifs de race et de produit  demeurent complexes ; les conséquences en matière d’orientation génétique des races en sont discutées.
AN ANALYSIS ON SUSTAINABILITY OF SHARK UTILIZATION USING FISH RESOURCES AND FISHING TECHNIQUES APPROACH IN SELAYAR ISLAND REGENCY
Authors: Nawawi Ziaul Haq , Nessa Natsir , Yanuarita Dewi , Yusuf Muhammad Yusfi , Sainal Sainal
Published: May 2020

The research aims to record the types of shark utilization in Selayar Islands Regency, explore the spread and shark status of the Regency of Selayar Islands, and examine the sustainability status of shark utilization by fisherman in Selayar Islands. The research method was based on the assessment of EAFM indicator assessments to assess the performance of shark resource management on Tarupa Island, Rajuni Island, Polassi Island and Kayuadi Island Selayar Islands Regency with an indicator approach involving two domains, i.e (1) Fish resources and (2) Fishing technique. The methods of obtaining the data were survey by extracting the data through interviews/questionnaire. The sample was determined using purposive sampling technique. The results of the research indicate that the status of utilizing shark fishery in Selayar Islands Regency is currently in medium category. The main issues indicated are a decrease in catch size and the catch of sharks that are not feasible to catch (50% of catch <Lm). The domains that need to get primary attention in the management of sharks fisheries are the domains of fish resources and fishing technique. The efforts of management carried out in each fields are based on central issues that emerge. Connectivity efforts between communities and institutions are needed to produce functional fisheries management status so that the sustainability of shark resources in Selayar Islands Regency can be sustainable
The Influence of Training Model Based on Exercise Assistance to The Skills of Smash Kedeng Sepakraw in The Pontianak City Athletes
Authors: Yunitaningrum Wiwik
Published: May 2020

The main problem of the research is whether there is an effect of the model of the stone-based smash training exercise on Pontianak City sepaktakraw athletes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of training models using tools to smash skills in Pontianak city athletes. Subjects were Pontianak athletes of 40 Pontianak athletes. The research method used is the True Experimental Design experiment. The type of True Experimental Design used was Pretest-posttest Control Group Design. Data collection was carried out by conducting a preliminary test of the Kedeng smash skill with a measurement tool for pool grabstart skill assessment, practice (training model using video media) and the final pool grabstart skill test. Data analysis and hypothesis testing using comparative analysis techniques using the Dependent sample t-test, namely Paired sample t-test and Independent sample t-test, namely t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances with a significant level α = 0.05. From the results of the hypothesis (t-test), the experimental group obtained a tcount of 9.67 with a t-distribution table at a significant level (∝) = 5% with a table of 2.101. It means tcount> ttable, 2.0101 there is a difference in the results of the smash skills in the post est and pretest in the experimental group. , 64% Calculation of gain score with a training model based on training aids gives an effect of 31.64% on the ability to smash.
Adaptation of the Self-efficacy Beliefs in STEM Education Scale and Testing Measurement Invariance across Groups
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Cansu , ARIKAN Serkan , MUĞALOĞLU Ebru Zeynep
Published: May 2020

Academic performance on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is important for the economic development of countries. From the perspectives of social cognitive theory, one of the predictors of academic performance is self-efficacy. In order to measure middle school students’ self-efficacy beliefs in STEM education, STEM Competency Beliefs scale was developed in English originally by Chen, Cannady, Schunn, and Dorph (2017). In this study, it is aimed to adapt the English scale into Turkish and to provide evidence regarding reliability and validity. Throughout the adaptation process, forward and backward translation was completed. In the pilot study (n = 77), the reliability of the data and the clarity of the statements in the Turkish version of the scale was examined. In the main study, the Turkish version was administered to 330 middle school students to investigate the psychometric properties of the scale. The results pointed out that the scores obtained by the Turkish version of the scale had good internal consistency. Regarding the dimensionality of the scale, in contrast to the original version, the adapted scale showed a two-dimensional structure. Measurement invariance findings for gender groups supported configural and metric invariance, whereas scalar invariance was partially achieved. Measurement invariance findings for career choice groups supported configural, metric, and scalar invariance. Scale scores of students were estimated using multidimensional Item Response Theory. The findings suggested that the scale can be utilized for STEM-related research to assess the competency beliefs of students.
Estrogen Replacement Reduces Hearing Threshold Shifts and Cochlear Hair Cell Loss After Acoustic Overexposure in Ovariectomized Rats
Authors: Kim Min Tae , Lee Jae-Hun , Carpena Nathaniel T. , Lee Min Young , Chung Phil-Sang , Jung Jae Yun
Published: May 2020

Objectives. The relationship of estrogen (the primary female sex hormone) with hearing function has been studied in both humans and animals. However, whether estrogen levels affect hearing remains uncertain. Therefore, in this study, we investigated changes in the vulnerability of hearing to acoustic overexposure in ovariectomized female rats.Methods. Eighteen 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into four groups as follows: sham ovariectomy (OP), OP only, and OP treated with low (10 µg/kg) or high doses (100 µg/kg) of estrogen. Rats in the estrogen replacement groups were given two intraperitoneal injections. Hearing thresholds were measured before noise exposure, and at 1 day and 2 weeks after exposure.Results. The hearing thresholds of the sham OP and OP-only groups were not significantly different. However, both estrogen groups showed a lower threshold shift than the OP-only group. Histological immunostaining analyses showed that hair cell loss in the 32 kHz region was more severe in the sham OP group than in the OP-only group. Furthermore, there was little or no hair cell loss in either estrogen replacement group and significantly more hair cell loss in the OP-only group.Conclusion. These results suggest that estrogen replacement may reduce the vulnerability of hearing to noise exposure in menopausal women.
The implications of disconnectivity for the study of contemporary geomorphic processes
Authors: Olav SLAYMAKER
Published: May 2020

The emphasis on the understanding of contemporary geomorphic processes that has dominated Anglophone geomorphological literature over the past 50 years has seen huge progress but also some set-backs. We now have reliable measurements of mean rates of operation of all subaerial processes responsible for modification of landforms and landscapes and have made good progress in estimating the role of human activities as compared with “natural” processes. Some limited progress has been achieved in understanding the scale problem but problems remain. Perhaps the single most surprising development has been the recognition of the ubiquity of disconnectivity in geomorphic systems, the need to calculate virtual velocities of whole geomorphic systems and the relevance of this understanding to the general spatio-temporal scale problem. We have always known that most geomorphic processes operate intermittently but we have continued to depend on models that imply that mass and energy move freely through geomorphic systems and that conservation of mass and energy occurrs uninterruptedly at all temporal and spatial scales.
Carriage Rate of Neisseria meningitidis, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Risk Factors among Primary School Children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Zelalem , Mekonnen Feleke , Tiruneh Moges , Belachew Teshome
Published: May 2020

Background:Globally, in 2012, about 1.2 million estimated cases were reported with ~135,000 deaths annually. In Ethiopia, specifically in our study area, limited information is found on the oropharyngeal carriage, antimicrobial resistance pattern, and associated risk factors forN. meningitidisamong school children. So, the aim of this study was to assess oropharyngeal carriage rate ofN. meningitidis,antibiotic susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods:A cross sectional study was conducted from January to April, 2019 in Gondar town. Multi stage simple random sampling technique was used. A total of 524 oropharyngeal swabs were collected using sterile plastic cotton swabs. Modified Thayer Martin media was used for primary isolation. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was done based on Kirby-Bauer method on Muller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood. Multidrug resistance was defined as resistance of an isolate to two or more antimicrobial classes tested. Logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent variables (Carriage rate ofNeisseria meningitidis, Serogroups ofNeisseria meningitidis andAntimicrobial susceptibility patterns)and independent variables (Socio-demographic data and risk factors). Variables with a P- value ≤ 0.2 during bivariable analysis was taken to multivariable analysis to check significant association of meningococcal carriage with risk factors. Finally, a P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Data was summarized using numbers, percentages and tables.Results:A total of 53(10.1%) (CI: 7.6-12.8)N. meningitidisisolates were identified. Serogroup A 13 (24.5%) was the most prevalent followed by Y/W135 11(20.7%) whereas serogroup B 4(7.6%) was the least identified serotype. Meningococcal isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (45.3%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (73.6%). Overall, most of meningococcal isolates showed about 32(60.4%) multidrug resistance. Meningococcal carriage rate was significantly associated with family size, tonsillectomy, passive smoking, number of students per class, sharing utensils, history of visiting healthcare institutions, and indoor kitchen.Conclusion:This study highlights the need for reinforcement of case-based, laboratory confirmed surveillance ofN. meningitidiscarriage in Ethiopian elementary school students to enable mapping of distribution of serotypes of the causative organisms across the country and determine the current potential necessity of vaccination.
Analysis of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes in Group B Streptococcus from clinical samples
Authors: Mudzana Raymond , Mavenyengwa Rooyen T , Gudza-Mugabe Muchaneta
Published: May 2020

Background: Streptococcus agalacticae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is one of the most important causative agents of serious infections among neonates. This study was carried out to identify antibiotic resistance and virulence genes associated with GBS isolated from pregnant women.Methods: A total of 43 GBS isolates were obtained from 420 vaginal samples collected from HIV positive and negative women who were 13-35 weeks pregnant attending Antenatal Care at Chitungwiza and Harare Central Hospitals in Zimbabwe. Identification tests of GBS isolates was done using standard bacteriological methods and molecular identification testing. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the modified Kirby-Bauer method and E-test strips. The boiling method was used to extract DNA and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to screen for 13 genes. Data was fed into SPSS 24.0.Results: Nine distinct virulence gene profiles were identified and hly-scpB-bca-rib 37.2% (16/43) was common. The virulence genes identified were namely hly 97.8% (42/43), scpB 90.1% (39/43), bca 86.0% (37/43), rib 69.8% (30/43) and bac 11.6% (5/43). High resistance to tetracycline 97.7% (42/43) was reported followed by 72.1% (31/43) cefazolin, 69.8% (30/43) penicillin G, 58.1% (25/43) ampicillin, 55.8% (24/43) clindamycin, 46.5% (20/43) ceftriaxone, 34.9% (15/43) chloramphenicol, and 30.2% (13/43) for both erythromycin and vancomycin using disk diffusion. Antibiotic resistance genes among the resistant and intermediate-resistant isolates showed high frequencies for tetM 97.6% (41/42) and low frequencies for ermB 34.5% (10/29), ermTR 10.3% (3/29), mefA 3.4% (1/29), tetO 2.4% (1/42) and linB 0% (0/35). The atr housekeeping gene yielded 100% (43/43) positive results, whilst the mobile genetic element IS1548 yielded 9.3% (4/43).Conclusion: The study showed high prevalence of hly, scpB, bca and rib virulence genes in S. agalactiae strains isolated from pregnant women. Tetracycline resistance was predominantly caused by the tetM gene, whilst macrolide resistance was predominantly due to the presence of erm methylase, with the ermB gene being more prevalent. Multi-drug resistance coupled with the recovery of resistant isolates to antimicrobial agents such as penicillins indicates the importance of GBS surveillance and susceptibility tests. It was also observed that in vitro phenotypic resistance is not always accurately predicted by resistance genotypes.
The current status of gender equity in medicine in Korea: An online survey
Authors: Shin Hyun-Young , Lee Hang Aie
Published: May 2020

Background: Although the number of women doctors has increased in South Korea, and efforts to improve gender awareness have gained importance in recent years, the issue of gender equity in the medical field has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the current status of gender equity in the medical profession in Korea. Methods: An online survey on gender discrimination was conducted for two months, with both men and women doctors participating. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1,170 doctors responded to the survey (9.2% response rate). The survey found that 47.3% of the women respondents and 18.2% of the men had experienced gender discrimination in the resident selection process (p value<0.001); 17.2% of the women and 8.7% of the men had experienced discrimination during the fellowship application process (p value<0.001); and 36.2% of the women and 8.0% of the men had experienced discrimination during the professorship application process (p value<0.001). Both men and women cited the issue of childbirth and parenting as the number one cause of gender discrimination against women doctors.Conclusions: This study revealed the presence of gender discrimination in the Korean medical society. To address discrimination, a basic approach is necessary to change the working environment so that it is flexible for women doctors, and to change the current culture where the burden of family care, including pregnancy, childbirth, and childcare, is the primary responsibility of women.
Does Gender Influence the Outcomes of Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Patients with Ankle Osteoarthritis?
Authors: Lee Gun-Woo , Lee Keun-Bae
Published: May 2020

Background: Total ankle arthroplasty has progressed as a treatment option for patients with ankle osteoarthritis. However, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of gender on the outcome. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate outcomes, survivorship, and complications rates of total ankle arthroplasty, according to gender differences. Methods: This study included 187 patients (195 ankles) that underwent mobile-bearing HINTEGRA prosthesis at a mean follow-up of 7.5 years (range, 4 to 14). The two groups consisted of a men’s group (106 patients, 109 ankles) and a women’s group (81 patients, 86 ankles). Average age was 64.4 years (range, 45 to 83). Results: Clinical scores on the Ankle Osteoarthritis Scale for pain and disability, and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot score improved and the difference was not statistically significant between the two groups at the final follow-up. There were no significant differences in complication rates and implant survivorship between the two groups. The overall survival rate was 96.4% in men and 93.4% in women at a mean follow-up of 7.5 years (p=0.621). Conclusions: Clinical outcomes, complication rates, and survivorship of total ankle arthroplasty were comparable between men and women. These results suggest that gender did not seem affect outcomes of total ankle arthroplasty in patients with ankle osteoarthritis.
Ovarian Cancer: Diagnostic Accuracy and Tumor Types Distribution in East Africa compared to North America
Authors: Rambau Peter Fabian , Köbel Martin , Tilley Derek , Mremi Alex , Lukande Robert , Muller William
Published: May 2020

Background
Ovarian cancer is a spectrum of several histologically distinct tumor types which differ in etiology, response to therapy and prognosis. In a resource-limited settings, the diagnosis of ovarian cancer can be challenging. This study describes the distribution of ovarian cancer tumor types in East Africa as well as assessing the diagnostic accuracy by using contemporary methods.
Methods
Data from 210 women identified from the records with a diagnosis of ovarian cancer in a period of 15 years were included. Two tissue microarrays were constructed and stained with 20 antibodies relevant to ovarian cancer subtyping. An integrated diagnosis was reached by the review of full Haematoxylin and Eosin stained sections, with consideration of immunohistochemical results. The integrated diagnoses were compared with the original diagnoses, and the degree of agreement was evaluated by percentage and Kappa statistics.
Results
The estimated rates of ovarian cancer were much lower in East Africa compared to a North American population from Alberta, Canada. There was a higher proportion of sex cord stromal tumors and germ cell tumors in the East African population. Diagnostic accuracy for main ovarian tumor type categories was substantial (Kappa 0.70), but only fair for specific ovarian carcinoma histotypes (Kappa 0.34). Poor Haematoxylin and Eosin stain was the main factor hindering correct diagnosis, which was not related to tissue processing.
Conclusions
In a resource- limited setting, where immunohistochemistry is not routinely carried out, diagnostic accuracy for the main categories of ovarian carcinoma is substantial and could be further improved by standardization of the basic Haematoxylin and Eosin stain.
STAT3-mediated TH17 cell Differentiation was Related to the Carcinogenesis of Colitis Related Cancer
Authors: Lin Shiyong , Liu Qianwen , Wen Jing , Bai Kunhao , Guo Yandong , Wang Jing
Published: May 2020

Background: Inflammation often induces regeneration to repair the tissue damage. However, chronic inflammation can transform temporary hyperplasia into a fertile ground for tumorigenesis. Here, we demonstrate that the miR-124 acts as a safeguard to inhibit the pro-inflammatory production and reparative regeneration.Methods: The expression levels of miR-124 and IL-17, IFN-γ were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). TH17 or TH1 cells were detected by flow cytometer, respectively. the binding of STAT3 to the promoter region of IL-17 gene was analyzed by Chip assay . miR-124 binding to the 3’UTR of STAT3 gene was detected by reported plasmid construction and luciferase assay. Furthermore, DSS-induced colitis mice model and T cell transfer model were used to confirm the function of miR-124 in vivo. The related gene expression was analyzed by ELISA and western blot experiments.Results: The results indicated that miR-124a deficiency leads to colon tumorigenesis after Citrobacter rodentium infection and AOM/DSS induced colon cancer murine model. In molecular mechanism, miR-124 targets STAT3 to suppress T helper 17 (TH17) cell differentiation and expansion, and keep TH17 polarization in colonic microenvironment.Conclusions: Our study highlights highlight the potential role of miR-124 in the control of immune responses and pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases.
Depressive Effectiveness of Vigabatrin (y-Vinyl-GABA), an Antiepileptic Drug, in Intermediate-conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels in Human Glioma Cells
Authors: Hung Te-Yu , Huang Huai-Ying Ingrid , Wu Sheng-Nan , Huang Chin-Wei
Published: May 2020

Background
Vigabatrin (VGB, y-vinyl-GABA) is an approved non-traditional antiepileptic drug that has been revealed to have the therapeutic propensity for brain tumors; however, its ionic effects in glioma cells remain unclear to a large extent.
Methods
With the aid of patch-clamp technology, we investigated the effects of VGB on various ionic currents in the glioblastoma multiforme cell line 13-06-MG.
Results
In cell-attached configuration, addition of VGB concentration-dependently lessened the activity of intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (IKCa) channels, while subsequent application of DCEBIO (5,6-dichloro-1-ethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one) thwarted the VGB-induced inhibition of IKCa channels. Neither the activity of large-conductance Ca2+-activated (BKCa) nor that of inwardly rectifying K+ (KIR) channels was adjusted by the presence of VGB in human 13-06-MG cells. However, in the continued presence of VGB, the addition of GAL-021 or BaCl2 effectively suppressed BKCa and KIR channels.
Conclusion
The inhibitory effect of VGB on IKCa channels demonstrated in the current study could be an unidentified but important underlying mechanism of VGB-induced antineoplastic (e.g., anti-glioma) actions.
The experience of loneliness among young people with depression: a qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature
Authors: Achterbergh Louis , Pitman Alexandra , Birken Mary , Pearce Eiluned , Sno Herman , Johnson Sonia
Published: May 2020

Background: Young people have a higher prevalence of loneliness than other age groups, and they are also at risk of depression. Quantitative studies describe a bidirectional association between loneliness and depression, but there is limited understanding of how these influence each other. Little is known about the experience of loneliness among young people with depression, but qualitative approaches help understand the relationship between loneliness and depression, and how to intervene to improve outcomes. We aimed to conduct a meta-synthesis to understand the complex inter-relationship between loneliness and depression among young depressed people by synthesising evidence from a systematic review of qualitative studies.Methods: We conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies capturing experiences of loneliness among young people with depression. We systematically searched six electronic databases for selected search terms, critically appraised eligible studies, and analysed the data from included studies using the approach of thematic synthesis. We used feedback from an inter-disciplinary research workshop to improve reflexivity. Results: Our inclusion criteria identified fourteen studies. Our analysis identified four themes: (1) social withdrawal due to poor mental health, (2) non-disclosure of depression contributing to social distance, (3) the desire to connect, and (4) paradoxes of loneliness and depression. These illustrated a range of pathways between depression and loneliness, and a sense of how these might be mutually reinforcing. Our findings suggest that where depressed individuals engage in certain behaviours (withdrawing; not confiding) for a range of reasons, this can lead to feelings of loneliness, an awareness of which worsens their mood, thus perpetuating their depression. Conclusions: Young people with depression experience loneliness as an insurmountable distance between themselves and others. Our findings identified non-disclosure of depression, and the debilitating nature of the depressive symptomatology, as factors perpetuating a vicious cycle of loneliness and depression. They suggest that approaches to tackling the problem might include helping young people communicate about their depression to trusted friends, and educating their social networks in how to support them. The wider research literature suggests that cognitive interventions may have a role in shifting maladaptive cognitions about their social world.
Prevalence and Correlates of Gambling Disorder Among Secondary School Students in Mbarara Municipality, Uganda.
Authors: Anyanwu Michael Ugochukwu , Bajunirwe Francis , Tamwesigire Imelda
Published: May 2020

Background

Over the recent years, gambling has evolved and grown substantially with new activities and facilities being introduced, making gambling products and opportunities more available in our environment than ever. While the growth of gambling industry is considered to have a beneficial impact on the economy, it is increasingly becoming a social and public health issue especially among young people leading to gambling disorder, a gambling behavior that damages personal, family, vocational and academic pursuits.
Objectives

The study determined the prevalence and correlates of gambling disorder among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality. It also described the gambling activities practiced by students with gambling disorder.
Methods

A cross sectional study was conducted among secondary school students in Mbarara Municipality in 2019. A total of 921 students, from 12 schools, was recruited using random cluster sampling. Logistic regression models were fitted for factors associated with gambling disorder using STATA 12.
Results

A total of 921 participants were enrolled in the study, 362 (40%) reported to have ever gambled and 160 (17.7%) were classified as having gambling disorder. The most gambling activity practiced by the students was sports betting. Bivariate analysis shows that age, gender, peer involvement, class of student, type of school, advertisement, phone ownership, substance use, risky sexual behavior and psychological distress were significant when those that had ever gambled but has no gambling disorder was compared to those with gambling disorder. However, male students and those using substances were significant on multivariate analysis.
Conclusion

This study found a high prevalence of gambling disorder among students. Therefore, there is need to institute public health measures towards raising awareness, prevention and treatment of gambling disorder.
A laparoscopic study investigating 3D vs 2D imaging systems using a pelvitrainer model with experts, non-experts, and students
Authors: Zwimpfer Tibor Andrea , Lacher Dominik , Fellmann Bernhard , Mueller Michel
Published: May 2020

Background
Vision is an essential element of laparoscopic surgery that defines the outcome of an operation in regards to time, mistakes and precision. A 3-dimensional (3D) perspective may improve vision during an operation. Therefore, this study was designed to compare 3D versus 2-dimensional (2D) perspectives using a pelvitrainer model.
Methods
Fifty subjects were divided into 3 categories based on different experience levels. The subjects were randomised into two groups, with each group performing the same 4 standardised tasks. Task completion time and the number of mistakes made for each task were recorded. After completing the tasks, participants answered questions concerning the two systems.
Results
Group A was, on average, 20% faster at all four tasks and made approximately 18% fewer mistakes in two of the tasks in comparison to group B. The experts significantly benefited from the 3D system in terms of accuracy compared to non-experts and students. The students demonstrated a significantly greater benefit from the 3D system when performing non-linear, continuous movements. Loss of concentration occurred at the same rate for subjects using the 2D and 3D systems. Nausea and dizziness were reported only when working with the 3D system. 91% found the 3D system advantageous for accomplishing the tasks.
Conclusions
Irrespective of experience level, 3D laparoscopy shows advantages in saving time, increasing accuracy and reducing mistakes. These benefits were also accompanied by subjective advantages that were noted by the participants. However, the more complex the task, the less significant the benefit of the 3D system.
Influential Factors on quality of life in married Iranian women during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020: A Path Analysis
Authors: Zahra Daneshfar , Sadatmahalleh Shahideh Jahanian , Samaneh Youseflu , Mahnaz Bahri Khomami , Anoshiravan Kazemnejad
Published: May 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quality of life (QoL) with anxiety, depression, corona disease anxiety, sexual function (SF), and marital satisfaction (MS) in married women during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study involving n = 296 married women. We used the Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and coronary disease anxiety questionnaire, as determinants of QoL for data collection. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis.
Results

There was a relationship between the components of QoL with SF, anxiety, depression, MS, general health and contamination obsessions. The results of path analysis also showed that that SF, MS, anxiety, general health and corona-related anxiety have a direct effect on women’s QoL. General health has a more direct effect on QoL.
Conclusion

The results of this study could help to planning to improve the QoL of women during the coronavirus epidemic.