bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IoT-Based Automated Solar Panel Cleaning and Monitoring Technique
Authors: Biswas Shasoto , Bhuyan Muhibul Haque , Hassan Md. Kamrul
Published: September 2023

Aims: The objective of this research work is to design and develop an IoT-based automated solar panel cleaning and real-time monitoring system using a microcontroller to improve the output and efficiency of a solar module at a low cost.

Study Design: Most of the time, dust over solar panels creates a barrier that obstructs the sun’s radiation and reduces their performance. As such, it is necessary to keep the solar panel clean to improve output power levels. We integrated the IoT technology along with a range of components, including a microcontroller, a NodeMCU, a servo motor, a DC motor-driven submersible pump, a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), an LCD with driver IC, etc. to design the system. We developed the assembly language program for the microcontroller.

Place and Duration of Study: The work was conducted individually under the supervisor of a faculty member as a part of the final project work of the Master of Engineering degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at American International University Bangladesh (AIUB), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The student conducted his research work at AIUB for two consecutive semesters from September 2022 to May 2023.

Methodology: An LDR sensor detects the solar panel’s dirtiness and triggers the cleaning process through the microcontroller. The system monitors this continuously and real-time vital data is accessible to have some performance metrics, empowering timely maintenance actions to be triggered by the system and hence ensuring the maximum power output. The automated cleaning mechanism, driven by servo motors and mini submersible DC motor pumps, effectively removes dust and dirt from solar panels. An application was used to get real-time data through the internet to the user’s smartphone.

Results: The server data is accessed to observe the system performance. The cost analysis shows that this system offers a cost-effective and sustainable solution for maintaining clean solar panels and optimizing power output.

Conclusion: Such an automation system can contribute meaningfully to the progression of renewable power generation by significantly improving the efficiency and longevity of solar panels. Thus, we can have sustainable and efficient energy systems in the country by integrating IoT-based automation systems.
Education of ethnic-racial relations in nursing education: an analysis from the point of view of nurse-teachers / Educação das relações étncio-raciais na formação do enfermeiro: uma análise a partir da visão de enfermeiros-docentes
Authors: Ramos Oliveira Íria , Rutz Porto Adrize , Soares Mota Marina
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: conhecer a visão de Enfermeiros-docentes da Faculdade de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal de Pelotas sobre a educação das relações étnico-raciais no currículo de formação do Enfermeiro. Métodos: estudo de natureza qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva. Participaram 12 Enfermeiros-docentes da instituição em estudo. As entrevistas foram realizadas em ambiente virtual de março e abril de 2022. O conteúdo produzido foi transcrito na íntegra e tratado através da análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa seguiu todos os princípios éticos. Resultados: a educação das relações étnico-raciais não está no currículo do curso. Os participantes se sentem despreparados para um debate aprofundado sobre a temática. Também relatam que os entraves para a inserção no currículo estão associados à construção individual de cada docente e da sociedade brasileira. Considerações finais: Se observa a necessidade uma ampliação no debate sobre a inserção da temática no currículo do curso e sua importância para a formação do profissional enfermeiro.
Health education for parents and caregivers to prevent sudden infant death syndrome / Educação em saúde de pais e cuidadores para prevenção da síndrome da morte súbita em lactentes
Authors: De Oliveira Carine Pereira , Diniz Machado Maria Estela , Cordeiro Burla de Aguiar Rosane , Faria da Silva Liliane , Monteiro Gomes Ana Letícia
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Identificar publicações que abordam a educação em saúde relacionada à prevenção da Síndrome da Morte Súbita em Lactentes. Método: Revisão Integrativa realizada no PubMed, Portal Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Cochrane Reviews, Scientific Electronic Library Online e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Incluíram-se aquelas nas línguas inglesa, espanhola e portuguesa, sem recorte temporal, disponíveis gratuitamente, independentemente do delineamento. Excluíram-se duplicidades, literatura cinzenta, editoriais e cuja população eram prematuros.  Resultados: Identificou-se duas categorias de análise: temas para educação em saúde (n=três) e barreiras e facilitadores de aderência às recomendações de prevenção (n=dois). O profissional de saúde deve estimular as boas práticas de saúde, identificando barreiras e facilitadores para a adesão às recomendações. Conclusão: O profissional deve trazer a ideia de que todo bebê tem risco potencial para a síndrome da morte súbita e utilizar as estratégias disponíveis para tirá-lo da situação de vulnerabilidade.
Atypical motherhood: narratives of a mother with three children with autism spectrum disorder / A maternidade atípica: narrativas de uma mãe com três filhos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista
Authors: Bulhões Thaynara Maria Pontes , Bittencourt Ivanise Gomes de Souza , Souza Elizabeth Moura Soares de , Cavalcanti Clarice Maria Tavares Macedo , Porto Maria Eduarda Alves
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Relatar as experiências e narrativas de uma mulher enquanto mãe de três filhos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Métodos: Estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo narrativa de vida. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma mãe de três filhos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista, em acompanhamento na Associação de Equoterapia de Alagoas. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de entrevistas narrativas com a participante da pesquisa. As entrevistas com a participante foram realizadas nos meses de junho e julho de 2022, em momento presencial e individual. Resultados: Percebeu-se que as necessidades mais recorrentes em saúde do familiar da pessoa com Transtorno do Espectro Autista são a percepção da vulnerabilidade do filho, isolamento, depressão e eventos estressantes. Conclusão: Portanto, com a investigação das necessidades em saúde do familiar e escuta das narrativas de uma mãe, houve o conhecimento da interação social e dinâmica de vida dessas pessoas.
Analysis of audit components in the unified health system / Análise dos componentes de auditoria no sistema único de saúde
Authors: Feliciano Marciana , Soares Rita de Cássia , Gomes Mendes Ryanne Carolynne Marques , Silva Thaís Araújo da
Published: September 2023

RESUMOObjetivo: analisar a evolução e a distribuição dos componentes de auditoria do Sistema Nacional de Auditoria nos municípios e nos estados brasileiros, entre os anos 2008 e 2015. Método: foi desenvolvido um estudo quantitativo de abordagem descritiva, o qual utilizou dados secundários, disponíveis na página do Departamento de informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil, referentes ao número de componentes municipais e estaduais do Sistema Nacional de Auditoria estruturados por cada região do País. Resultados: os dados apontam que há um crescimento no número de componentes municipais e estaduais em todas as regiões. Destaca-se a Região Nordeste, que apresentou expressivo aumento dos componentes municipais e estaduais no período. No entanto, em todas as regiões, o registro dos componentes de auditoria municipal foi menor que 2%. Conclusão: o número de componentes estaduais e municipais sofreu incremento ao longo dos anos, mas, não o suficiente para contemplar todas as Unidades Federativas.
Service in primary health care: perspectives of trans people / Atendimento na atenção primária à saúde: olhares de pessoas trans
Authors: Silva Gomes Ana Carolina Maria da , Gomes de Sousa Francisco Jean , Pinto Janini Janaina , Angel Vargas Liliana , Santos Gomes Mariana dos , Lemos Adriana
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: conhecer as vivências e demandas de pessoas transexuais ao buscar serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com pessoas autodeclaradas transexuais que utilizam os serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de questionário on-line, esses foram submetidos à análise através de software livre para dados qualitativos e o corpus textual de pesquisa passou pela análise do tipo temático-categorial. Resultados: com a análise dos dados, foi criada a categoria: vivências e demandas no atendimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde, que representou 51,6% das Unidades de Registro. Conclusão: no cenário atual, a população trans ainda padece com dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde e, portanto de terem seus direitos garantidos.
Enhancing Organic Semiconductor Molecular Packing Using Perovskite Interfaces to Improve Singlet Fission
Authors: Conley Ashley M. , Dziatko Rachel A. , Westendorff Karl S. , Sviripa Anna , Guthrie Stephanie M. , Chen Zhuo , Stone Kevin H. , Bragg Arthur E. , Paolucci Christopher , Choi Joshua J. , Giri Gaurav
Published: September 2023

Singlet fission, a process by which one singlet exciton is converted into two lower energy triplet excitons, is sensitive to the degree of electronic coupling within a molecular packing structure. Variations in molecular packing can be detrimental to triplet formation and triplet–triplet separation, ultimately affecting the harvesting of triplets for electricity in organic photovoltaic devices. Here, six phase‐pure molecular packing structures of 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene) with varying optoelectronic properties are isolated using 2D lead halide perovskites as tunable, crystalline surfaces for crystallization. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that while triplet formation is fast (<100 fs) regardless of template structure, the increased ordering in perovskite‐templated samples speeds up triplet–triplet separation and recombination, providing evidence that the benefits of phase‐purity offset minor variations in molecular packing. Molecular dynamics modeling of the interface reveals that perovskite‐templating allows for closer packing of TIPS‐pentacene molecules for all perovskite templates. With an extensive number of organic molecule‐perovskite pairings, this work provides a methodology to use ordered, periodic surfaces to elucidate structure–property relationships of small organic molecules in order to adjust structural or optoelectronic responses, such as molecular packing and singlet fission.
Photografting of Surface‐Assembled Hydrogel Prepolymers to Elastomeric Substrates for Production of Stimuli‐Responsive Microlens Arrays
Authors: Kapitan John M. , Minnick Grayson , Watts Brennan P. , Huang Nengjian , Rose Mark A. , Yang Ruiguo , Morin Stephen A.
Published: September 2023

Hydrogels have emerged as prototypical stimuli‐responsive materials with potential applications in soft robotics, microfluidics, tissue engineering, and adaptive optics. To leverage the full potential of these materials, fabrication techniques capable of simultaneous control of microstructure, device architecture, and interfacial stability, that is, adhesion of hydrogel components to support substrates, are needed. A universal strategy for the microfabrication of hydrogel‐based devices with robust substrate adhesion amenable to use in liquid environments would enable numerous applications. This manuscript reports a general approach for the facile production of covalently attached, ordered arrays of microscale hydrogels (microgels) on silicone supports. Specifically, silicone‐based templates are used to: i) drive mechanical assembly of prepolymer droplets into well‐defined geometries and morphologies, and ii) present appropriate conjugation moieties to fix gels in place during photoinitiated crosslinking via a “graft from” polymerization scheme. Automated processing enabled rapid microgel array production for characterization, testing, and application. Furthermore, the stimuli‐responsive microlensing properties of these arrays, via contractile modulated refractive index, are demonstrated. This process is directly applicable to the fabrication of adaptive optofluidic systems and can be further applied to advanced functional systems such as soft actuators and robotics, and 3D cell culture technologies.
Magnetic Colloidal Currents Guided on Self‐Assembled Colloidal Tracks
Authors: Martín‐Roca José , Ortega Francisco , Valeriani Chantal , Rubio Ramón González , Martínez‐Pedrero Fernando
Published: September 2023

The nondiffusive directional transport of micro‐cargos, such as colloids, cells, or liposomes, is vital for living organisms, for example in the intracellular transport of cytoplasmic organelles along actin filaments or microtubules, and also in numerous applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology. Mimicking natural designs, the self‐assembly capacity of magnetic colloids is studied and exploited to construct different paths along which swarms of magnetic micro/nanoparticles can be guided. Driven transport is possible thanks to the combined effect of the magnetic microstructure of the self‐assembled tracks, adsorbed on a solid interface, and the application of a time‐dependent magnetic field. Nonadsorbed magnetic particles propel along the pre‐formed structures under the action of an externally controllable traveling potential ratchet, like molecular walkers. The transport mechanisms are determined by both the properties of the particles and the configuration of the applied field. Finally, it is shown how the proposed combination of self‐assembly and guided transport paves the way to the development of a new class of techniques, able to adapt ad hoc to the environment, and transport of microparticles along irregular profiles and/or crowded conditions. The technological interest is immediate, including drug delivery and controlled guidance of microcargos, in biological environments and microfluidic platforms.
Visual Representation of the Stress Distribution with a Color‐Manipulated Mechanoluminescence of Fluoride for Structural Mechanics
Authors: Guo Longchao , Xia Ping , Wang Ting , Yakovlev Alexey Nikolaevich , Hu Tingting , Zhao Feng , Wang Qingyuan , Yu Xue
Published: September 2023

Mechanoluminescence (ML) materials are capable of converting applied stress into luminescent signals, and offer fascinating potential applications in biomedicine, safety testing, structural diagnosis, and mechanical sensing. Color‐responsive ML sensing, combined with quantitative evaluation of loaded stress, is preferred for visual description and sensing reliability. In this work, Yb2+ and Mn2+ ions co‐doped MgF2 with a fascinating ratiometric ML performance are successfully explored. ML color can be manipulated based on the distinct stress‐dependent ML intensity of the activators. Furthermore, a self‐activated orange persistent ML is observed even after the removal of the mechanics stimuli, allowing a delayed stress sensing with the memorized optical signals. Accordingly, a visualized stress sensing with the as‐explored ML composites using the ultraviolet curing 3D printing technique is demonstrated for structural mechanics. Herein, a feasible optical description of the loaded stress distribution in space for objects free from concerns with dimensions and geometrical shapes can be realized, benefiting the study of 3D structural mechanics, especially for complex structures.
Phenylboronic Acid‐Modified Near‐Infrared Region II Excitation Donor–Acceptor–Donor Molecule for 2‐Deoxy‐d‐Glucose Improved Starvation/Chemo/Photothermal Combination Therapy
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Yang Wan , He Jiarong , He Liuliang , Chen Pengfei , Xu Wenjuan , Shen Qingming , Li Daifeng , Fan Quli
Published: September 2023

Synergistic chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as a promising anticancer paradigm to achieve expected therapeutic effects while mitigating side effects. However, the chemo/PTT combination therapy suffers from limited penetration depth, thermoresistance performance of tumor cells, and low drug bioavailability. Herein, multifunctional nanoparticles (BTP/DOX/2DG NPs) coloaded with near‐infrared region II (NIR‐II) light excitation donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) small molecules, doxorubicin (DOX), and 2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose (2‐DG) are developed for reinforced starvation/chemo/NIR‐II PTT combination therapy. The synthesized phenylboronic acid (PBA)‐modified water‐soluble D–A–D molecule (BBT‐TF‐PBA) not only exhibits high binding ability to DOX and 2‐DG through donor–acceptor coordination interactions PBA–diol bonds but also serves as a photoactive agent for NIR‐II fluorescence imaging, NIR‐II photoacoustic imaging, and NIR‐II PTT. Under the acidic and oxidizing conditions in the tumor microenvironment, donor–acceptor coordination interactions and PBA–diol bond are decomposed, simultaneously releasing DOX and 2‐DG from BTP/DOX/2DG NPs to achieve effective chemotherapy and starvation therapy. 2‐DG also effectively inhibits the expression of heat shock protein and further enhances NIR‐II PTT and chemotherapy efficiency. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate the combination effect of BTP/DOX/2DG NPs for chemotherapy, NIR‐II PTT, and starvation therapy.
Functional Materials for Subcellular Targeting Strategies in Cancer Therapy: Progress and Prospects
Authors: Cheng Yanxiang , Qu Zhen , Jiang Qian , Xu Tingting , Zheng Hongyun , Ye Peng , He Mingdi , Tong Yongqing , Ma Yan , Bao Anyu
Published: September 2023

Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies have made significant progress in cancer treatment. However, tumor adjuvant therapy still faces challenges due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer, genomic instability, and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Functional materials possess unique biological properties such as long circulation times, tumor‐specific targeting, and immunomodulation. The combination of functional materials with natural substances and nanotechnology has led to the development of smart biomaterials with multiple functions, high biocompatibilities, and negligible immunogenicities, which can be used for precise cancer treatment. Recently, subcellular structure‐targeting functional materials have received particular attention in various biomedical applications including the diagnosis, sensing, and imaging of tumors and drug delivery. Subcellular organelle‐targeting materials can precisely accumulate therapeutic agents in organelles, considerably reduce the threshold dosages of therapeutic agents, and minimize drug‐related side effects. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research progress in subcellular organelle‐targeted cancer therapy based on functional nanomaterials. Moreover, it explains the challenges and prospects of subcellular organelle‐targeting functional materials in precision oncology. The review will serve as an excellent cutting‐edge guide for researchers in the field of subcellular organelle‐targeted cancer therapy.
Tuning AC Electrokinetic Flow to Enhance Nanoparticle Accumulation in Low‐Conductivity Solutions
Authors: Abdelghany Ahmed , Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Motosuke Masahiro
Published: September 2023

This study presents a novel AC electrokinetics‐based microfluidic approach for nanoparticle trapping and accumulation in low‐conductive aqueous solutions. The concentration performance is systematically investigated by tuning the applied voltage and frequency, showing that AC electrothermal flow (ACET)‐induced vortex trapping provides a field strength‐dependent concentration enhancement and a high concentration factor. The findings reveal a substantial enhancement in the concentration of polystyrene nanoparticles with sizes of 100 nm. Specifically, a 16‐fold enrichment in the concentration is achieved compared with the initial concentration of the sample. In addition, the effectiveness of a high‐frequency AC voltage (50–150 kHz) versus a low‐frequency accumulation (1–20 kHz) for nanoparticle accumulation is compared and it is determined that at high frequencies, the trapped nanoparticles accumulate at a single area at the electrode gap, which differs from the low‐frequency accumulation observed in previous studies. The complex behavior of nanoparticle accumulation is analyzed, including the differences in the hydrodynamic flow patterns between AC electroosmosis and ACET flow. The proposed technique provides a powerful tool for the efficient and controllable manipulation of nanoparticles and contributes to a highly sensitive characterization of nanomaterials in low‐conductivity liquid samples in microfluidic systems through efficient particle trapping.
Cascaded Logic Gates with Printed Electrochemical Memristors
Authors: Grant Benjamin , Wanless Travis , Bandera Yuriy , Noor Haris , Poole Nathan , Chang Shu , Foulger Stephen H.
Published: September 2023

Electrochemical‐based memristors are highly attractive that are capable of nonvolatile analog tuning, long‐term state stability, low power consumption, device scalability, and fast switching speeds. Through the combination of film deposition techniques, i.e., vapor phase polymerization and screen printing, fabrication of a poly(4‐(6‐hexyl)‐4H‐dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole) (p6DTP)‐based synaptic‐emulating three‐terminal memristor is designed. Through voltage‐driven pulse programming, and square waves with an amplitude of 100 mV and duration of 100 msec, the device exhibits a power consumption of 1 pJmm−2 per synaptic event. By analyzing the fundamental operational trends of the p6DTP‐based device, simple and advanced integrated applications can be demonstrated along with synaptic‐like responses. This effort is the first presentation of the vapor phase polymerization technique for any dithienopyrrole‐based monomers, along with the physical implementation of any memristive system as an advanced logical circuit, demonstrated here as a cascaded combinational logic gate.
Integrating Renewable Microbial Fuel Cells in Dual In‐Line Package for Chip‐On‐Board Circuits
Authors: Elhadad Anwar , Gao Yang , Choi Seokheun
Published: September 2023

Single‐use electrical systems represent the future of multiple fields such as diagnostic medical technologies, environmental studies, and biofuel manufacturing with significant advantages over conventional unrecyclable bulky systems that are partly disposable at best. Single‐use systems require miniaturized bio‐friendly energy sources that meet the recyclability or reusability requirement of the application without creating toxic waste. Herein, a storable, scalable, and single‐use electronics‐compatible bio‐battery that is designed and fabricated using completely reusable and recyclable components is developed. The battery is a dual‐in‐line package microbial fuel cell (DIP‐MFC) that can be activated on demand via the introduction of moisture through the anodic fluid chamber. The battery incorporates dormant bacteria cells on an abiotic stainless steel mesh that serves as the anode that attracts electrons being transferred from the biocatalyst. The DIP‐MFC uses the infestation of bacterial biofilm on a conductive anode to harness electrons and deliver electricity to selected circuit pins. A single DIP‐MFC continuously operates for 140 min with a maximum open circuit voltage of 0.55 V, which can be stacked and connected to match the power requirements of targeted electronics. The DIP nature of the proposed bio‐battery allows for simple integration of the MFC on conventional electronics boards through conductive pins.
Free‐Standing Tunnel‐Structured MnO2 Nanorods‐Doped with Nickel and Cobalt Cations as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Zheng Xiaoying , Zuria Alonso Moreno , Mohamedi Mohamed
Published: September 2023

The rational design of the electrocatalysts is paramount to alleviating the global energy and environment crisis. Despite a bright future of MnO2 shown in energy storage and conversion, the intrinsic low electrical conductivity glooms its application in electrocatalytic reactions like oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER). The doping strategy is applied to equip the self‐supported MnO2 with enhanced ORR/OER and zinc‐air battery performance. In this work, a class of free‐standing MnO2 nanorods arrays on carbon paper‐doped with either cobalt or nickel cations are engineered through a simple hydrothermal method. The substitutional doping by Co or Ni that partly replaces the Mn ions in the [MnO6] octahedra brings about the Jahn–Teller distortion that exhibits excellent catalytic performance for ORR and OER. Indeed, the ORR performance reveals that the doping resulted in more positive half‐wave potential (by >20 mV), higher limiting current densities, and an electron transfer number close to four. As for the OER, the doping not only decreases the overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 but also brings about an enhancement in the current density at 1.76 V six times greater than with the undoped MnO2 catalyst. An optimal concentration of 0.25 in the molar ratio Co/Mn or Ni/Mn is discovered based on the ORR/OER bifunctionality. Homemade rechargeable Zn–air aqueous batteries assembled with doped MnO2 deliver higher peak power density, higher specific capacity, lower charge voltage, lower charge/discharge voltage, and robust stability.
Highly Responsive, Polarization‐Sensitive, Flexible, and Stable Photodetectors Based on Highly Aligned CsCu2I3 Nanowires
Authors: An Yang , Li Shun‐Xin , Feng Jia‐Cheng , Xia Hong
Published: September 2023

As a new inorganic lead‐free perovskite, cesium copper iodide (CsCu2I3) has attracted wide attention in the field of photodetectors due to its non‐toxicity, good air and thermal stability, and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the random growth and disordered distribution of CsCu2I3 crystals during their preparation results in poor crystal quality, seriously limiting their applications. Highly ordered CsCu2I3 crystal formation with high crystal quality for high‐performance photodetectors remains a major challenge. Here, an ingenious nanoimprinting technology is utilized to obtain high‐performance photodetectors based on highly aligned CsCu2I3 nanowires (NWs). Owing to the high crystal quality, the photodetector exhibits excellent responsivity of 12.35 A W−1 (310 nm) and 89.73 mA W−1 (365 nm), respectively, as well as good polarization light detection with a dichroism ratio of up to 2.28. Additionally, the device on a flexible substrate retains its initial level of performance even after being bent 2000 times. Remarkably, the device exhibits superior stability and maintains excellent performance after being placed in the natural environment for 1 month without any encapsulation.
Clarifying the Controversy over Defect Emission of I‐III‐VI2 Nanocrystals via Pressure Engineering
Authors: Lv Pengfei , Zhao Dianlong , Wang Feng , Ma Zhiwei , Sui Laizhi , Yuan Kaijun , Wang Kai , Ning Jiajia , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo
Published: September 2023

I–III–VI2 semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), such as typical AgInS2 NCs, are promising candidates for fluorescent materials because of their lower toxicity and tunable optical properties. However, a long‐standing conventional dispute over the origin of defect emission of AgInS2 NCs restricts the material design and applications. Here, high pressure is introduced to distinguish the photophysical behavior of a core@shell structure of AgInS2@InSx NCs that exhibit both band‐edge (BE) emission and defect emission. Compared with the well‐established dopant mechanism of Ag+:CdS NCs, the decreasing relative shift of defect/BE emissions for AgInS2@InSx NCs excludes the Ag‐related emission associated with radiative free‐to‐bound recombination that contributes to the defect emission of AgInS2 NCs. Identification by the in situ high‐pressure transient spectra and comparative experiments passivated with different ligands, the donor−acceptor pair (DAP) recombination is responsible for the observed defect emission. Likewise, a narrow and strong BE emission with 5.3‐fold enhancement is achieved in AgInS2@InSx NCs by pressure processing. This in turn further confirms the DAP‐related origin of the defect emission. Overall, this study enables high pressure as a tool to resolve the traditional debate under ambient conditions, which facilitates the fundamental photophysical understanding for materials by design applied in solid‐state lighting.
Multi‐Physical Field Simulation: A Powerful Tool for Accelerating Exploration of High‐Energy‐Density Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Jiao Xingxing , Wang Xuyang , Xu Xieyu , Wang Yongjing , Ryu Hoon‐Hee , Park Jimin , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Xiong Shizhao , Sun Yang‐Kook , Song Zhongxiao , Liu Yangyang
Published: September 2023

To meet the booming demand of high‐energy‐density battery systems for modern power applications, various prototypes of rechargeable batteries, especially lithium metal batteries with ultrahigh theoretical capacity, have been intensively explored, which are intimated with new chemistries, novel materials and rationally designed configurations. What happens inside the batteries is associated with the interaction of multi‐physical field, rather than the result of the evolution of a single physical field, such as concentration field, electric field, stress field, morphological evolution, etc. In this review, multi‐physical field simulation with a relatively wide length and timescale is focused as formidable tool to deepen the insight of electrodeposition mechanism of Li metal and the electro‐chemo‐mechanical failure of solid‐state electrolytes based on Butler‐Volmer electrochemical kinetics and solid mechanics, which can promote the future development of state‐of‐the‐art Li metal batteries with satisfied energy density as well as lifespan.
Ultrafast Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Large‐Scale, Low‐Cost, and Highly Active Ni─Fe Based Electrodes toward Industrialized Seawater Oxidation
Authors: Zhuo Yuling , Liu Dong , Qiao Lulu , Chen Songbo , Lu Jianxi , IP Weng Fai , Pan Hui , Wang Zhenbo
Published: September 2023

It is of significance to develop an active, efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as this determines the efficiency and cost of water/seawater electrolysis. Here, a cost‐effective Ni─Fe hydroxide as a promising OER catalyst is developed by 1 min ultrafast method. The catalyst shows low OER overpotentials of 240 and 254 mV at 10 mA cm−2 in both 1 m KOH and alkaline seawater, respectively. It also exhibits excellent electrochemical stability. In situ Raman spectra and other physical characterizations prove the incorporation of Fe and the transformation of Ni(Fe)(OH)2 to Ni(Fe)OOH are responsible for the enhancement of the OER performance. Furthermore, the Ni─Fe hydroxide catalyst can be readily scaled up and synthesized within 1 min. The catalyst with a size of 2000 cm2 still remains electrochemically uniform. The alkaline electrolysis cell integrated with the Ni─Fe catalyst as the anode and commercialized porous NiMo foam as the cathode has demonstrated a current density of 200 mA cm−2 at 2.3 and 2.9 V in 6 m KOH and alkaline seawater at 60 °C, respectively. Therefore, the ultrafast synthesized, earth‐abundant Ni─Fe catalyst is scalable, economical, and highly active for OER, which is promising for industrial water/seawater splitting applications.
Analysis of the incidence of falls and related factors in elderly patients based on comprehensive geriatric assessment
Authors: Xiao Xun , Li Ling , Yang Huijuan , Peng Lei , Guo Chunbo , Cui Wei , Liu Shunying , Yu Renhe , Zhang Xiangyu , Zhang Mengxi
Published: September 2023

Objective

To investigate the incidence of falls in elderly aged 65 years and above among outpatients and inpatients, and to analyze its related factors and identify prevention strategies.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 451 patients aged 65 years and above who received comprehensive geriatric assessment in outpatients and inpatients from the Department of Geriatrics in the Second Xiangya Hospital from March 2021 to March 2022. According to whether there had been at least one fall in the past year, the patients were divided into a fall group and a non‐fall group. Data were collected from the We‐Chat applet of comprehensive geriatric assessment. A t test and chi‐square test were performed to compare the difference between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was then conducted to identify factors associated with falls.

Results

(1) The incidence of falls among the outpatient and inpatient was 28.8%. (2) The rate of light, moderate, and heavy dependence on daily living ability and decreased mobile balance ability were higher in the fall group than those in the non‐fall group. The average calf circumference in the fall group was significantly lower than that in the non‐fall group. (3) The prevalence of diabetes and eye diseases in the fall group was significantly higher than that in the non‐fall group. (4) The percentage of insomnia and suspicious insomnia cases in the fall group was higher than that in the non‐fall group. The mean scores for dysphagia, frailty, and incontinence were higher and the mean malnutrition score was lower in the fall group than in the non‐fall group. (5) Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that frailty, insomnia, and malnutrition were independent influencing factors of fall (OR = 1.955, 1.652, 10.719, P = 0.044, 0.041, 0.025, respectively).

Conclusions

The incidence of falls among outpatients and inpatients aged 65 years and above is high. Frailty, insomnia, and malnutrition are the main factors influencing falls in these patients.
Expansion of the phenotypic spectrum associated with pathogenic missense variation in DHX16
Authors: Drackley Andy , De Simone Lenika , Kuntz Nancy , Rahmani Safa , Ing Alexander , Rao Vamshi K. , Rathbun Pamela , Yap Kai Lee
Published: September 2023

Pathogenic heterozygous variants in DHX16 have been recently identified in association with a variety of clinical features, including neuromuscular disease, sensorineural hearing loss, ocular anomalies, and other phenotypes. All DHX16 disease‐causing variants previously reported in affected individuals are missense in nature, nearly all of which were found to be de novo. Here we report on a patient with neuromuscular disease, hearing loss, retinal degeneration, and previously unreported phenotypic features including mitochondrial deficiency and primary ovarian insufficiency, in whom a novel de novo likely pathogenic variant in DHX16 NM_003587.4:c.2033A > G (p.Glu678Gly) was identified. Furthermore, we conducted an in‐depth literature review of DHX16's role in disease and utilized high‐performing in silico prediction algorithms to compare and contrast the predicted effects of all reported disease‐associated DHX16 variants on protein structure and function.
Enhanced Li+ Diffusion and Lattice oxygen Stability by the High Entropy Effect in Disordered‐Rocksalt Cathodes
Authors: Zhou Shuyu , Sun Yuxuan , Gao Tong , Liao Junhong , Zhao Shixi , Cao Guozhong
Published: September 2023

Cation‐disordered Rocksalt oxides (DRXs) are a promising new class of cathode materials for Li‐ion batteries due to their natural abundance, low cost and great electrochemical performance. High entropy strategy in Mn‐based DRXs appears to be an effective strategy for improving the rate capability, but it suffers from challenges including capacity degradation. The present paper reports a new group of high entropy DRXs (HE DRX) based on Ni2+‐Nb5+ pair; the structural and chemical evolution upon cycling of DRXs with an increasing transition metal (TM) species are systematically investigated. An explanation is proposed for how the crystal field stability energy determines that HE DRX could exist in single Rocksalt solid solution structures. We further reveal that the charge compensation mechanism in HE DRX is the result of various TM synergistic effect. More importantly, through various in situ and ex situ techniques and theoretical calculation, the effective integration of more TM cation species within the HE DRX framework promotes better Li+ diffusion and improves lattice oxygen stability, consequently increasing capacity upon cycling.
Rapid, Selective Extraction of Silver from Complex Water Matrices with a Metal–Organic Framework/Oligomer Composite Constructed via Supercritical CO2
Authors: Xue Tianwei , Peng Li , Syzgantseva Olga A. , Syzgantseva Maria A. , Guo Peiwen , Lai Huiyan , Li Ruiqing , Chen Jiawen , Li Shumu , Yan Xiaomei , Yang Shuliang , Li Jun , Han Buxing , Queen Wendy L.
Published: September 2023

Every year vast quantities of silver are lost in various waste streams; this, combined with its limited, diminishing supply and rising demand, makes silver recovery of increasing importance. Thus, herein, we report a controllable, green process to produce a host of highly porous metal–organic framework (MOF)/oligomer composites using supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) as a medium. One resulting composite, referred to as MIL‐127/Poly‐o‐phenylenediamine (PoPD), has an excellent Ag+ adsorption capacity, removal efficiency (>99 %) and provides rapid Ag+ extraction in as little as 5 min from complex liquid matrices. Notably, the composite can also reduce sliver concentrations below the levels (<0.1 ppm) established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Using theoretical simulations, we find that there are spatially ordered polymeric units inside the MOF that promote the complexation of Ag+ over other common competing ions. Moreover, the oligomer is able to reduce silver to its metallic state, also providing antibacterial properties.
Reduced Cortico‐Cortical Resting‐State Connectivity in Sensory Systems Related to Bodily Pain in Juvenile Fibromyalgia
Authors: Suñol Maria , Dudley Jon , Payne Michael F. , Tong Han , Ting Tracy V. , Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita , Coghill Robert C. , López‐Solà Marina
Published: September 2023

Objective

Juvenile‐onset fibromyalgia (JFM) is a paradigmatic chronic pain condition for which the underlying neurobiological substrates are poorly understood. This study examined, for the first time, data‐driven resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) alterations in 37 female adolescents with JFM compared with 43 healthy female adolescents and identified associations with bodily pain.

Methods

Whole‐brain voxel‐wise rsFC alterations were assessed using the intrinsic connectivity contrast, a measure of node centrality at each voxel, and seed‐based analyses for interpretability. We studied the relationship between rsFC alterations in somatosensory systems and the location and extension of bodily pain.

Results

Adolescents with JFM had voxel‐wise rsFC reductions in the paracentral lobule (PCL)/primary somatosensory cortex (S1) (T = 4.89, family‐wise error corrected p‐value (pFWE) < 0.001) and left midcingulate cortex (T = 4.67, pFWE = 0.043). Post hoc analyses revealed reduced rsFC spanning major cortical sensory hubs (T > 4.4, pFWE < 0.030). Cortico‐cortical rsFC reductions within PCL/S1 in JFM occurred in locations innervated by bodily areas where the pain was most frequent (F = 3.15; positive false discovery rate = 0.029) and predicted widespread pain (T > 4.4, pFWE < 0.045). Conversely, adolescents with JFM had increases in PCL/S1–thalamus (T = 4.75, pFWE = 0.046) and PCL/S1–anterior insula rsFC (T = 5.13, pFWE = 0.039).

Conclusion

Reduced cortico‐cortical sensory integration involving PCL/S1 and spanning the sensory systems may underly critical pain sensory features in youth with JFM. Reduced sensory integration is paralleled by augmented cross‐talk between sensory and affective/salience‐processing regions, potentially indicating a shift toward more affectively colored sensory experiences to the detriment of specific sensory discrimination.
Folic acid supplementation rescues bladder injury in fetal rats with myelomeningocele
Authors: Feng Shaoguang , Yang Yicheng , Yu Zhechen , Bi Yunli
Published: September 2023

Background

Bladder dysfunction has been linked to the progression of renal failure in children with neurogenic bladder (NB) dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether bladder injuries in fetal rats with myelomeningocele (MMC) may be treated with folic acid.

Methods

Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. On the 10th day of gestation, pregnant rats were intragastrically injected with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (60 mg/kg) to induce MMC fetal rats. The same amount of olive oil was put into the control group to create normal fetal rats. The rats in the rescue group were given folic acid (40 mg/kg) by gavage 0.5 and 12 hr after ATRA therapy. Bladders were obtained via cesarean section on embryonic day E20.5 and examined for MMC. The histology of the fetuses was examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was utilized to determine the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and neuron‐specific nuclear‐binding protein (NeuN). Furthermore, the levels of neuromuscular development‐related and apoptotic proteins were determined by western blotting.

Results

The incidence of MMC in the model group was 60.6% (20/33) while it was much lower in the rescue group (21.4%). In comparison to the model group, the weight and crown‐rump length of the fetal rats in the rescue group were significantly improved. IHC revealed that there was no significant difference in the expression of α‐SMA and NeuN between the control and ATRA groups, while the expression levels decreased significantly in the MMC group. Western blot analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the model and ATRA groups, but the expression of the α‐SMA protein and the β3‐tubulin was much lower in the MMC group than in the control group. After the administration of folic acid, the α‐SMA and β3‐tubulin proteins considerably increased in the folic acid‐rescued MMC group and folic acid‐rescued ATRA group. Meanwhile, in the control group, the expression of cleaved caspase‐3 in the bladder tissue was significantly higher, and the expression of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein was significantly lower compared to the control group. Folic acid therapy reduced cleaved caspase‐3 expression while increasing PARP expression in comparison to the MMC group.

Conclusions

NB in MMC fetal rats is associated with the reduction of bladder nerve and smooth muscle‐related protein synthesis. However, folic acid therapy can help improve these functional deficiencies. Folic acid also exhibits strong anti‐apoptotic properties against NB in MMC fetal rats.
An insight into biosensing platforms used for the diagnosis of various lung diseases: A review
Authors: Sharma Avinash , James Abija , Kapoor Deepak N. , Kaurav Hemlata , Sharma Abhishek Kumar , Nagraik Rupak
Published: September 2023

Many of the infectious diseases are ubiquitous in nature and pose a threat to global and public health. The original cause for such type of serious maladies can be summarized as the scarcity of appropriate analysis and treatment methods. Pulmonary diseases are considered one of the life‐threatening lung diseases that affect millions of people globally. It consists of several types, namely, asthma, lung cancer, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and several respiratory‐related infections. This is due to the limited access to well‐equipped healthcare facilities for early disease diagnosis. This needs the availability of processes and technologies that can help to stop this harmful disease‐diagnosing practice. Various approaches for diagnosing various lung diseases have been developed over time, namely, autopsy, chest X‐rays, low‐dose CT scans, and so forth. The need of the hour is to develop a rapid, simple, portable, and low‐cost method for the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. So nowadays, biosensors have been becoming one of the highest priority research areas as a potentially useful tool for the early diagnosis and detection of many pulmonary lung diseases. In this review article, various types of biosensors and their applications in the diagnosis of lung‐related disorders are expansively explained.
Exploration and evaluation of modular concepts for the design of full‐scale pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities
Authors: Bertran Maria‐Ona , Babi Deenesh K.
Published: September 2023

The design of biopharmaceutical processes is predominantly driven by the domain of experimental process design. This approach can be further improved by combining multiple domain information such as experiments, unit models, and flowsheet models. Approaches consisting of methods and flowsheet models provide the framework for exploring, analyzing, and ultimately evaluating the combinatorial space of all possible designs within the molecule‐to‐manufacturing value chain. In recent years, modular process designs are of interest in the pharmaceutical industry because of the shift toward multiproduct, mutiprocess processes. Therefore, a systematic approach for how to evaluate the utilization of the modular plug‐n‐play concept provides metrics that can propel modular design from a viable design alternative to the selected alternative for full‐scale manufacturing. The objective of this paper is to present such an in silico approach for the evaluation of modular designs. The approach is presented as a systematic method and then, is exemplified through the manufacture of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The application of the method shows how to transition from a typical design‐for‐purpose design alternative to a modular design through the utilization of data, modeling, simulation, and uncertainty/sensitivity analyses for quantification of various selection metrics such as process robustness and flexibility.
A Web3 secure platform for assessments and educational resources based on blockchain
Authors: Razzaq Abdul
Published: September 2023

A rising number of educational solutions based on blockchain technology have been designed. Students and other authorities responsible for verifying certificates are very concerned about the authenticity of academic credentials, either because the institutions that issue them no longer exist or because they do not keep adequate records. Blockchain technology has much to offer in education, including its high level of security, improved data access control, low cost, improved accountability, identity authentication, transparency, increased trust, and improved efficiency in managing student records. We proposed a decentralized blockchain‐based secure platform for the storage of academic certificates and student assessments with double encryption. Apart from speeding up the verification process, it will increase the safety of personal education data and assessments of all kinds of misuse. The data would only be accessed using a stakeholder's private key, and storing documents on a blockchain would increase security. We proposed a framework to offer a secure channel for educational resources. We are storing documents over blockchain utilizing an IPFS distributed data server. We give a thorough explanation of the system development, design, and evaluation of the suggested solution in terms of security and cost. Finally, we put the proposed framework to the test by deploying a smart contract prototype on the Ethereum TESTNET network in a Windows environment. The study's findings revealed that the proposed method is effective and feasible.