bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting Metabolic Consequences of Insulin Resistance in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by D-chiro-inositol and Emerging Nutraceuticals: A Focused Review
Authors: Davinelli Sergio , Nicolosi Daria , Di Cesare Cinzia , Scapagnini Giovanni , Di Marco Roberto
Published: April 2020

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex disorder associated with ovarian dysfunction, infertility, menstrual irregularity, and hormonal impairments. Over the last decade, several studies have shown that some PCOS women have insulin resistance (InsR) and hyperinsulinemia, apart from being overweight or obese. Therefore, a crucial clinical aspect is that PCOS patients might develop glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Insulin-sensitizing drugs have been used as first-line treatment to improve hyperinsulinemia in women with PCOS. Although reducing PCOS symptoms and signs, several used insulin-sensitizer drugs may induce side effects, which reduces compliance. D-chiro-inositol (DCI), which is a naturally occurring stereoisomer of inositol, has been classified as an insulin-sensitizer and seems to mitigate multiple InsR-related metabolic alterations in PCOS with a safe profile. However, according to a multi-targeted design, the supplementation with DCI can be synergistically integrated by combining other potential insulin-sensitizing drugs and/or nutraceuticals. The literature provides the initial support for using several unexplored nutraceutical interventions that may target relevant metabolic abnormalities associated with InsR in PCOS. With a need to promote interest in clinical research, this review aims to discuss the efficacy of DCI and the role of emerging nutraceuticals for managing InsR in PCOS.
Brain Circuit Alterations and Cognitive Disability in Late-Onset Cobalamin D Disorder
Authors: De Las Heras Javier , Diez Ibai , Jimenez-Marin Antonio , Cabrera Alberto , Ramos-Usuga Daniela , Diaz-Fernandez Marta Venecia , Torices Leire , Nunes-Xavier Caroline E. , Pulido Rafael , Arango-Lasprilla Juan Carlos , Cortes Jesus M.
Published: April 2020

Neuroimaging studies describing brain circuits’ alterations in cobalamin (vitamin B12)-deficient patients are limited and have not been carried out in patients with inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism. The objective of this study was to assess brain functionality and brain circuit alterations in a patient with an ultra-rare inborn error of cobalamin metabolism, methylmalonic aciduria, and homocystinuria due to cobalamin D disease, as compared with his twin sister as a healthy control (HC). We acquired magnetic resonance imaging (including structural, functional, and diffusion images) to calculate brain circuit abnormalities and combined these results with the scores after a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. As compared with HC, the patient had severe patterns of damage, such as a 254% increment of ventricular volume, pronounced subcortical and cortical atrophies (mainly at striatum, cingulate cortex, and precuneus), and connectivity alterations at fronto-striato-thalamic circuit, cerebellum, and corpus callosum. In agreement with brain circuit alterations, cognitive deficits existed in attention, executive function, inhibitory control, and mental flexibility. This is the first study that provides the clinical, genetic, neuroanatomical, neuropsychological, and psychosocial characterization of a patient with the cobalamin D disorder, showing functional alterations in central nervous system motor tracts, thalamus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia, that, as far as we know, have not been reported yet in vitamin B12-related disorders.
Oncogenic Linear Collagen VI of Invasive Breast Cancer Is Induced by CCL5
Authors: Brett Elizabeth , Sauter Matthias , Timmins Éadaoin , Azimzadeh Omid , Rosemann Michael , Merl-Pham Juliane , Hauck Stefanie M. , Nelson Peter J. , Becker Karl Friedrich , Schunn Ilse , Lowery Aoife , Kerin Michael J. , Atkinson Michael , Krüger Achim , Machens Hans-Günther , Duscher Dominik
Published: April 2020

The triple-negative breast tumor boundary is made of aligned, linear collagen. The pro-oncogenic impact of linear collagen is well established; however, its mechanism of formation is unknown. An in vitro analogue of the tumor border is created by a co-culture of MDA-MB-231 cells, adipose derived stem cells, and dermal fibroblasts. Decellularization of this co-culture after seven days reveals an extracellular matrix that is linear in fashion, high in pro-oncogenic collagen type VI, and able to promote invasion of reseeded cells. Further investigation revealed linear collagen VI is produced by fibroblasts in response to a paracrine co-culture of adipose derived stem cells and MDA-MB-231, which together secrete high levels of the chemokine CCL5. The addition of monoclonal antibody against CCL5 to the co-culture results in an unorganized matrix with dramatically decreased collagen VI. Importantly, reseeded cells do not exhibit pro-oncogenic behavior. These data illustrate a cellular mechanism, which creates linear extracellular matrix (ECM) in vitro, and highlight a potential role of CCL5 for building striated tumor collagen in vivo.
Update on Weaning from Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Lüsebrink Enzo , Stremmel Christopher , Stark Konstantin , Joskowiak Dominik , Czermak Thomas , Born Frank , Kupka Danny , Scherer Clemens , Orban Mathias , Petzold Tobias , von Samson-Himmelstjerna Patrick , Kääb Stefan , Hagl Christian , Massberg Steffen , Peterss Sven , Orban Martin
Published: April 2020

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) provides temporary cardiac and respiratory support and has emerged as an established salvage intervention for patients with hemodynamic compromise or shock. It is thereby used as a bridge to recovery, bridge to permanent ventricular assist devices, bridge to transplantation, or bridge to decision. However, weaning from VA-ECMO differs between centers, and information about standardized weaning protocols are rare. Given the high mortality of patients undergoing VA-ECMO treatment, it is all the more important to answer the many questions still remaining unresolved in this field Standardized algorithms are recommended to optimize the weaning process and determine whether the VA-ECMO can be safely removed. Successful weaning as a multifactorial process requires sufficient recovery of myocardial and end-organ function. The patient should be considered hemodynamically stable, although left ventricular function often remains impaired during and after weaning. Echocardiographic and invasive hemodynamic monitoring seem to be indispensable when evaluating biventricular recovery and in determining whether the VA-ECMO can be weaned successfully or not, whereas cardiac biomarkers may not be useful in stratifying those who will recover. This review summarizes the strategies of weaning of VA-ECMO and discusses predictors of successful and poor weaning outcome.
Wear in Antagonist Teeth Produced by Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Solá-Ruíz María Fernanda , Baima-Moscardó Alejandra , Selva-Otaolaurruchi Eduardo , Montiel-Company José María , Agustín-Panadero Rubén , Fons-Badal Carla , Fernández-Estevan Lucía
Published: April 2020

Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the wear sustained in the natural antagonist tooth in cases of full-coverage fixed-base prosthetic restorations or monolithic zirconia tooth-supported crowns, as well as to determine the wear in the restoration itself, both in the short- and medium-term and considering the factors that may influence wear. Material and methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis, based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations, of clinical studies that evaluated wear in antagonist teeth in relation to fixed-prosthesis monolithic zirconia crowns. A total of 5 databases were consulted in the literature search: Pubmed-Medline, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science (WOS). After eliminating duplicated articles and applying the inclusion criteria, eight articles were selected for the qualitative analysis and four for the quantitative analysis. Results: Mean maximum wear of the antagonist tooth in relation to monolithic zirconia crowns of magnitude 95.45 µm (CI at 95% 79.57–111.33) was observed. By using a meta-regression model (R2 = 0.92) the significant effect of time in maximum wear rate (p < 0.001) was observed, estimated at 6.13 µm per month (CI at 95% 3.99–8.27). Furthermore, monolithic zirconia crowns are subject to a mean maximum wear of 58.47 µm (CI 95% 45.44–71.50). By using a meta-regression model (R2 = 0.53) the significant effect of time in the maximum wear value was observed (p = 0.053), estimated at 3.40 µm per month (CI al 95% −0.05–6.85). Conclusions: Monolithic zirconia crowns lead to a progressive maximum wear of the antagonist tooth over time which is greater than the maximum wear sustained in the crown itself. It is not possible to establish an objective and quantitative objection in relation to natural enamel wear or metal–ceramic crowns.
The Effect of Probiotics on Symptoms, Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers in Infantile Colic: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Skonieczna-Żydecka Karolina , Janda Katarzyna , Kaczmarczyk Mariusz , Marlicz Wojciech , Łoniewski Igor , Łoniewska Beata
Published: April 2020

Immaturity in digestive-tract motor function and altered intestinal microbiome may play roles in pathogenesis of infantile colic. We assessed the impact of probiotic therapy on crying duration day, in newborns experiencing colic attacks. The PubMed, Embase, Cinnahl, Web of Science databases, and a clinical trials registry (ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched from inception until 12/02/2020. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to derive standardized mean differences/differences in means and risk ratios. We included 16 studies, which involved 1319 newborns aged up to 6 months. Lactobacillus reuteri strain DSM17938 was administered predominantly (n = 10). Probiotic intervention reduced the duration of crying (standardized mean difference = −2.012, 95% confidence interval: −2.763 to −1.261, z = −5.25, p < 0.0001). The probability of at least a 50% reduction in crying duration was at least 1.98 times higher in the intervention group than in controls (Z = 4.80, p < 0.0001). The effects of the intervention were not significantly affected by the risk of bias assessment, percentage of breastfed infants, and duration of the study. In 11 studies, data concerning gut microbiota composition and function and/or immunological markers were given. Probiotics significantly shortened the crying duration, but a causal relationship between the modulatory effect of probiotics on microbiota and the immune system has not been confirmed.
Careful Breakthrough Cancer Pain Treatment through Rapid-Onset Transmucosal Fentanyl Improves the Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: Results from the BEST Multicenter Study
Authors: Cuomo Arturo , Cascella Marco , Forte Cira Antonietta , Bimonte Sabrina , Esposito Gennaro , De Santis Stefano , Cavanna Luigi , Fusco Flavio , Dauri Mario , Natoli Silvia , Maltoni Marco , Morabito Alessandro , Mediati Rocco Domenico , Lorusso Vito , Barni Sandro , Porzio Giampiero , Mercadante Sebastiano , Crispo Anna
Published: April 2020

Objectives: To explore the effect of breakthrough cancer pain (BTcP) treatment on quality of sleep and other aspects of the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer pain. Methods: In an observational, multicenter, cohort study, cancer patients from palliative care units, oncology departments, and pain clinics and affected by BTcP were included. Enrolled patients were assessed at the four visits: T0 (baseline), T7, T14, and T28. Stable chronic background pain (numeric rating scale, NRS ≤ 4) during the whole study period was mandatory. BTcP was treated through transmucosal fentanyl. Three questionnaires were used to measure the HRQoL: EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). RESULTS: In 154 patients, the HRQoL showed a significant improvement for all physical and emotional characteristics in the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL, except for nausea and vomiting (linear p-value = 0.1) and dyspnea (Linear p-value = 0.05). The ESAS and PSQI questionnaires confirmed these positive results (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusions: This prospective investigation by an Italian expert group, has confirmed that careful management of BTcP induces a paramount improvement on the HRQoL. Because in cancer patients there is a high prevalence of BTcP and this severe acute pain has deleterious consequences, this information can have an important clinical significance.
The Prognostic Impact of Comorbidities in Patients with De-Novo Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated with R-CHOP Immunochemotherapy in Curative Intent
Authors: Kocher Florian , Mian Michael , Seeber Andreas , Fiegl Michael , Stauder Reinhard
Published: April 2020

Background: Patient-related factors, namely comorbidities, impact the clinical outcome of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: The prevalence and prognostic impact of comorbidities were examined using the validated scores Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation-specific Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI) in 181 patients with DLBCL at initial diagnosis before treatment with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisone (R-CHOP). Results: Pronounced comorbidities as defined by CCI and HCT-CI scoring of ≥2 were detected in 9.9% and 28.2% of patients, respectively, and occurred more frequently at advanced age (p < 0.001). Higher CCI scoring was associated with lower complete response rate (p = 0.020). Both advanced CCI and HCT-CI were significantly associated with shortened overall survival (3-year OS: CCI ≥2 vs. 0–1, 38.9% vs. 81.3%, p < 0.001; HCT-CI ≥2 vs. 0–1, 56.9% vs. 84.9%, p < 0.001). Both comorbidity scores remained independent risk factors in the multivariate analysis (HCT-CI ≥2 HR: 2.6, p = 0.004; CCI ≥2 HR: 3.6, p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the prognostic relevance of comorbidities classified by CCI and HCT-CI in patients with DLBCL undergoing curative treatment with R-CHOP. A structured evaluation of comorbidities might refine prognostication alongside currently used prognostic parameters, namely age, and should be evaluated in prospective trials.
A Multicenter Study into Burnout, Perceived Stress, Job Satisfaction, Coping Strategies, and General Health among Emergency Department Nursing Staff
Authors: Portero de la Cruz Silvia , Cebrino Jesús , Herruzo Javier , Vaquero-Abellán Manuel
Published: April 2020

Burnout is a major problem among nurses working in emergency departments and is closely related to a high turnover of personnel, nursing errors, and patient dissatisfaction. The aims of this study were to estimate burnout, perceived stress, job satisfaction, coping and general health levels experienced by nurses working in emergency departments in Spain and to analyze the relationships between sociodemographic, occupational, and psychological variables and the occurrence of burnout syndrome among these professionals. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four emergency departments in Andalusia (Spain) from March to December 2016. The study sample was composed of n = 171 nurses. An ad hoc questionnaire was prepared to collect sociodemographic and work data, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Font–Roja Questionnaire, the Brief Cope Orientation to Problem Experience and the General Health Questionnaire were used. The prevalence of high burnout was 8.19%. The levels of perceived stress and job satisfaction were moderate. The most frequent clinical manifestations were social dysfunction and somatic symptoms, and problem-focused coping was the strategy most used by nurses. Lack of physical exercise, gender, years worked at an emergency department, anxiety, social dysfunction, and avoidance coping were significant predictors of the dimensions of burnout.
Molecular Analysis of Prothrombotic Gene Variants in Venous Thrombosis: A Potential Role for Sex and Thrombotic Localization
Authors: Cernera Gustavo , Di Minno Alessandro , Amato Felice , Elce Ausilia , Liguori Renato , Bruzzese Dario , Di Lullo Antonella Miriam , Castaldo Giuseppe , Zarrilli Federica , Comegna Marika
Published: April 2020

Background: Requests to test for thrombophilia in the clinical context are often not evidence-based. Aim: To define the role of a series of prothrombotic gene variants in a large population of patients with different venous thromboembolic diseases. Methods: We studied Factor V Leiden (FVL), FVR2, FII G20210A, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and A1298C, beta-fibrinogen -455 G>A, FXIII V34L, and HPA-1 L33P variants and PAI-1 4G/5G alleles in 343 male and female patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT), 164 with pulmonary embolism (PE), 126 with superficial vein thrombosis (SVT), 118 with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), 75 with cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) and 119 with retinal vein thrombosis (RVT), and compared them with the corresponding variants and alleles in 430 subjects from the general population. Results: About 40% of patients with DVT, PE and SVT had at least one prothrombotic gene variant, such as FVL, FVR2 and FII G20210A, and a statistically significant association with the event was found in males with a history of PE. In patients with a history of PVT or CVT, the FII G20210A variant was more frequent, particularly in females. In contrast, a poor association was found between RVT and prothrombotic risk factors, confirming that local vascular factors have a key role in this thrombotic event. Conclusions: Only FVL, FVR2 and FII G20210A are related to vein thrombotic disease. Other gene variants, often requested for testing in the clinical context, do not differ significantly between cases and controls. Evidence of a sex difference for some variants, once confirmed in larger populations, may help to promote sex-specific prevention of such diseases.
Cytotoxic Effects of Plant Sap-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Various Tumor Cell Types
Authors: Kim Kimin , Yoo Hye Ju , Jung Jik-Han , Lee Ruri , Hyun Jae-Kyung , Park Ji-Ho , Na Dokyun , Yeon Ju Hun
Published: April 2020

Edible plants have been widely used in traditional therapeutics because of the biological activities of their natural ingredients, including anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Plant sap contains such medicinal substances and their secondary metabolites provide unique chemical structures that contribute to their therapeutic efficacy. Plant extracts are known to contain a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) but the effects of such EVs on various cancers have not been investigated. Here, we extracted EVs from four plants—Dendropanax morbifera, Pinus densiflora, Thuja occidentalis, and Chamaecyparis obtusa—that are known to have cytotoxic effects. We evaluated the cytotoxic effects of these EVs by assessing their ability to selectively reduce the viability of various tumor cell types compared with normal cells and low metastatic cells. EVs from D. morbifera and P. densiflora sap showed strong cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, whereas those from T. occidentalis and C. obtusa had no significant effect on any tumor cell types. We also identified synergistic effect of EVs from D. morbifera and P. densiflora saps on breast and skin tumor cells and established optimized treatment concentrations. Our findings suggest these EVs from plant sap as new candidates for cancer treatment.
The “Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology” Journal Club Series: Resistance Training
Authors: Paoli Antonio , Moro Tatiana , Lorenzetti Silvio , Seiler Jan , Lüthy Fabian , Gross Micah , Roggio Federico , Chaabene Helmi , Musumeci Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

We are glad to introduce the Second Journal Club of Volume Five, Second Issue. This edition is focused on relevant studies published in the last few years in the field of resistance training, chosen by our Editorial Board members and their colleagues. We hope to stimulate your curiosity in this field and to share with you the passion for the sport, seen also from the scientific point of view. The Editorial Board members wish you an inspiring lecture.
Grain-Size Distribution of Surface Sediments in the Chanthaburi Coast, Thailand and Implications for the Sedimentary Dynamic Environment
Authors: Wang Chengtao , Chen Min , Qi Hongshuai , Intasen Wichien , Kanchanapant Apichai
Published: April 2020

This paper analyzes the grain-size distribution of surface sediments of the Chanthaburi coast of Thailand to investigate the sedimentary environment and its evolution to better use and protect the coast. The Flemming triangle method, the grade-standard deviation method, and the Gao–Collins grain-size trend analysis method (GSTA model) were used to study the dynamic sedimentary environment of the area and provide preliminary identification of source materials. There are seven types of surface sediments on this coast, with grain sizes (φ) generally consisting of sand and silt. Sorting is generally poor, and becomes gradually poorer with distance offshore. Skewness is generally positive. The study area is mainly composed of sand and silt, indicating that the hydrodynamics are strong. The results of grade-standard deviation analysis indicate that sediment grain size b (3.25–4.5φ) is a sensitive indicator of environmental change. This sediment type exhibits a relatively complex transport trend, mainly characterized by northwestward and northeastward transport from sea to land. Sediments at the mouth of the Chanthaburi Estuary and the Welu River fluctuate under the influence of tidal currents. Based on the results of grade-standard deviation analysis and grain-size trend analysis, the study area was divided into three provinces, representing different sedimentary environments and material sources. Compared with tidal-controlled estuaries in the temperate regions of eastern China, the two tropical estuaries examined in this study exhibited smaller suspended sediment loads, runoff amounts, and tidal ranges. However, hydrodynamic conditions were generally stronger. The main reasons for the similarities and differences in the transport trends of sediments in these estuaries were differences in hydrodynamic conditions and the specifics of regional topography.
Rudder Roll Stabilization Based on Arc Tangent Nonlinear Feedback for Ships
Authors: Zhao Jian , Liang Cailei , Zhang Xianku
Published: April 2020

The rudder is used for damping the roll motion of a ship. Study of this motion is the essence of this paper. The responses of yaw and roll motions are different as the rudder angle varies. The low frequency motion of the rudder mainly affects the ship’s yaw motion, whereas the high frequency motion of the rudder mainly affects the roll motion. As long as the controller is well designed, the characteristic of the rudder can be used to reduce the roll motion. In order to save energy and reduce steer frequency, a nonlinear feedback controller is proposed based on the arc tangent function processing feedback error to save energy consumption. In addition, a ZOH component is applied in the system to reduce the steer frequency. In heavy sea state, simulation results illustrate that controllers based on pole assignment with and without nonlinear feedback can reduce roll motion by 32.1% and 30.3%, respectively, when the rudder turn rate is limited within 7°/s. Furthermore, the former reduces the amplitude of rudder angle by 23.3% compared with the latter, which means the nonlinear feedback control consumes less energy. Consequently, the ZOH can lower steer frequency to once every 1 s, which protects steering gear from abrasion.
Micro Sand Engine Beach Stabilization Strategy at Puerto Morelos, Mexico
Authors: Escudero Mireille , Mendoza Edgar , Silva Rodolfo
Published: April 2020

In the last decade, innovative beach nourishment strategies have been developed, driven by the increased worldwide interest in environmentally friendly coastal protection measures. In this context, the massive nourishment project of the Netherlands, known as Sand Engine, begun in 2011, has been hailed as a successful means of beach protection. Continuous monitoring, field campaigns, and numerical modeling have shown that the great volume of sand deployed is gradually transported by the waves and currents along the coastline, avoiding the need for repeated invasive, small scale beach replenishments. A very small, bell-shaped Sand Engine was designed to protect the beachfront at a tourist resort near Puerto Morelos, Mexico. To estimate the morphological response of the beach and the functioning of the micro Sand Engine as a sand reservoir, XBeach numerical modelling was applied to the project. The micro Sand Engine is seen to be a sustainable and eco-friendly coastal protection measure, especially applicable when a large nourishment project is not viable. Maintenance work for the nourishment is cost and time effective, and any negative impacts to sensitive ecosystems nearby can be detected and controlled quickly.
Fabricate of High-Strength and High-Conductivity Cu–Cr–Si Alloys through ECAP-Bc and Aging Heat Treatment
Authors: Guo Tingbiao , Wang Junjie , Wu Yibo , Tai Xiaoyang , Jia Zhi , Ding Yutian
Published: April 2020

The effect of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) through the route Bc and aging treatment on the grain structure and properties of the Cu–1Cr–0.2Si alloy was investigated. Microstructure was detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity were tested. Results shown that after ECAP, accompanying the grains refined to nano-and submicron-structure, the Cr particles were gradually spread along the grain boundaries (GBs), aging treatment promoted Cr particles dispersed in the matrix. ECAP greatly increased the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) while having a small effect on the conductivity, and aging treatment increased electrical conductivity. The stable {111}<110> texture after ECAP and the lower dislocation density after aging treatment maybe the main reasons for the high conductivity of the material.
Fracturing and Damage of 3D-Printed Materials with Two Intermittent Fissures under Compression
Authors: Zhang Duan , Dong Qianqian
Published: April 2020

The crack propagation and failure of 3D-printed samples with prefabricated K–S fissures (a kinked fissure and a straight fissure) were observed under uniaxial compression, and the strain and displacement of the sample surface were quantified by the digital image correlation (DIC) method. The experimental results show that the branch inclination angle of the kinked fissure is an important factor affecting the crack initial position, and the evolution of the strain field during the failure process of the sample can better reflect the cracking law of the internal fissures. Furthermore, two coalescence modes are classified: Mode I is a tension–shear composite failure formed by the penetration of the tension–shear composite crack; Mode II is a tensile failure that penetrates the whole samples during the failure process without rock bridge damage. In addition, the numerical simulation results were well consistent with the cracking and failure modes.
The Influence of Bleeding of Cement Suspensions on Their Rheological Properties
Authors: von Bronk Tabea , Haist Michael , Lohaus Ludger
Published: April 2020

Flowable concretes tend to segregate. The risk of segregation is particularly high when the concrete is vibrated during the compaction process. A well-known segregation phenomenon is the so-called “bleeding”. This is a rise of water to the surface of the freshly poured concrete due to the difference in density between the mixing water and the concrete’s denser solid components (aggregates, cement and additives). This type of segregation occurs particularly within the paste. The focus of this paper is, therefore, on the sedimentation behavior at the microscale of concrete and especially on the influence of this process on rheological properties of the cement paste. In addition to common bleeding tests of cement suspensions using standing cylinders, rheometric measurements were performed on the suspensions during the bleeding process. A measuring procedure was developed for the rheometric measurements of the sedimenting cement suspensions. The rheological properties of the investigated cement suspensions were determined at four specific measuring times and at four specific measuring heights (i.e., positions) each. With this method it could be shown that the cement suspensions are not homogeneous over their height and that bleeding has a great influence on the rheological properties of cement suspension.
Nanocomposite Polymeric Materials Based on Eucalyptus Lignoboost® Kraft Lignin for Liquid Sensing Applications
Authors: Gonçalves Sónia S. Leça , Rudnitskaya Alisa , Sales António J.M. , Costa Luís M. Cadillon , Evtuguin Dmitry V.
Published: April 2020

This study reports the synthesis of polyurethane–lignin copolymer blended with carbon multilayer nanotubes to be used in all-solid-state potentiometric chemical sensors. Known applicability of lignin-based polyurethanes doped with carbon nanotubes for chemical sensing was extended to eucalyptus LignoBoost® kraft lignin containing increased amounts of polyphenolic groups from concomitant tannins that were expected to impart specificity and sensitivity to the sensing material. Synthesized polymers were characterized using FT-MIR spectroscopy, electrical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry and are used for manufacturing of all solid-state potentiometric sensors. Potentiometric sensor with LignoBoost® kraft lignin-based polyurethane membrane displayed theoretical response and high selectivity to Cu (II) ions, as well as long-term stability.
Cement Equivalence of Metakaolin for Workability, Cohesiveness, Strength and Sorptivity of Concrete
Authors: Chen J.J. , Li Q.H. , Ng P.L. , Li L.G. , Kwan A.K.H.
Published: April 2020

A series of concrete mixes with metakaolin (MK) content ranging from 0 to 30% and water/cementitious materials (W/CM) ratio varying from 0.30 to 0.50 were produced for performance testing. The results showed that adding MK up to 20% as ordinary Portland cement (OPC) replacement best improved the 28-day and 70-day cube strengths, whereas adding MK up to 30% as OPC replacement always increased the cohesiveness and decreased the sorptivity, but impaired the workability. Moreover, the cement equivalent factor (CEF), i.e. the equivalent mass of OPC per mass of MK added, for each performance attribute, including workability and cohesiveness, was evaluated. Whilst the actual CEF of MK was generally higher at a higher W/CM ratio and lower at a higher MK content, overall, the average CEFs were found to be 1.98, 2.17, 3.83, 1.93, 2.12, and 4.70 for slump, flow, cohesiveness, 28-day cube strength, 70-day cube strength, and sorptivity coefficient, respectively. These CEF values indicated that the MK is a highly effective cementitious material for improving the cohesiveness, strength, and durability. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the CEFs for workability and cohesiveness are useful parameters in aiding the mix design of MK concrete.
A Study on the Mechanical Characteristics and Self-Preservation Performance of a Deployment Mechanism with a Large Exhibition Ratio during Its Gathering Process
Authors: Kong Ning , Li Jinyu , Zhang Congfa , Zhang Jie , Li Hongbo , Wang Haowei , Li Biao , Wang Yuan
Published: April 2020

In order to study the stress state and stability of a spiral tube and actuator for controlled extension and retraction (STACER) during the launching process of a satellite, finite element software was applied to establish a finite element model of STACER via the explicit dynamics analysis method. The influence of top rod’s radius on the gathering or so called packaging process of STACER was analyzed. The effects of surface friction coefficient and acceleration on the stability were studied during the gathering process. It was found that the top rod radius directly affects the gathering load and the deformation around the rivet of the STACER. When the spring reel is gathered, the friction coefficient between contact surfaces, and the acceleration, work on the stability of STACER. The stability of STACER can be maintained by a friction coefficient with small fluctuations. An unstable state occurs after the STACER is gathered when the direction of acceleration is parallel to the axial direction of the rivet. A mechanical test on the STACER is conducted to verify the reliability and accuracy of the model. The force trend is similar between the finite element result and experimental result. This work will contribute to the theoretical development for designing the radius of the top rod of the spring reel, the surface friction coefficient of the STACER and the position of the spring reel during the launch process of satellites.
New Aspects for Non-Existence of Kneser Solutions of Neutral Differential Equations with Odd-Order
Authors: Moaaz Osama , Baleanu Dumitru , Muhib Ali
Published: April 2020

Some new oscillatory and asymptotic properties of solutions of neutral differential equations with odd-order are established. Through the new results, we give sufficient conditions for the oscillation of all solutions of the studied equations, and this is an improvement of the relevant results. The efficiency of the obtained criteria is illustrated via example.
Efficient Open Domination in Digraph Products
Authors: Božović Dragana , Peterin Iztok
Published: April 2020

A digraph D is an efficient open domination digraph if there exists a subset S of V ( D ) for which the open out-neighborhoods centered in the vertices of S form a partition of V ( D ) . In this work we deal with the efficient open domination digraphs among four standard products of digraphs. We present a method for constructing the efficient open domination Cartesian product of digraphs with one fixed factor. In particular, we characterize those for which the first factor has an underlying graph that is a path, a cycle or a star. We also characterize the efficient open domination strong product of digraphs that have factors whose underlying graphs are uni-cyclic graphs. The full characterizations of the efficient open domination direct and lexicographic product of digraphs are also given.
Some Results in Green–Lindsay Thermoelasticity of Bodies with Dipolar Structure
Authors: Marin Marin , Craciun Eduard M. , Pop Nicolae
Published: April 2020

The main concern of this study is an extension of some results, proposed by Green and Lindsay in the classical theory of elasticity, in order to cover the theory of thermoelasticity for dipolar bodies. For dynamical mixed problem we prove a reciprocal theorem, in the general case of an anisotropic thermoelastic body. Furthermore, in this general context we have proven a result regarding the uniqueness of the solution of the mixed problem in the dynamical case. We must emphasize that these fundamental results are obtained under conditions that are not very restrictive.
Tempered Fractional Integral Inequalities for Convex Functions
Authors: Rahman Gauhar , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Abdeljawad Thabet
Published: April 2020

Certain new inequalities for convex functions by utilizing the tempered fractional integral are established in this paper. We also established some new results by employing the connections between the tempered fractional integral with the (R-L) fractional integral. Several special cases of the main result are also presented. The obtained results are more in a general form as it reduced certain existing results of Dahmani (2012) and Liu et al. (2009) by employing some particular values of the parameters.
Optimal Filtering of Markov Jump Processes Given Observations with State-Dependent Noises: Exact Solution and Stable Numerical Schemes
Authors: Borisov Andrey , Sokolov Igor
Published: April 2020

The paper is devoted to the optimal state filtering of the finite-state Markov jump processes, given indirect continuous-time observations corrupted by Wiener noise. The crucial feature is that the observation noise intensity is a function of the estimated state, which breaks forthright filtering approaches based on the passage to the innovation process and Girsanov’s measure change. We propose an equivalent observation transform, which allows usage of the classical nonlinear filtering framework. We obtain the optimal estimate as a solution to the discrete–continuous stochastic differential system with both continuous and counting processes on the right-hand side. For effective computer realization, we present a new class of numerical algorithms based on the exact solution to the optimal filtering given the time-discretized observation. The proposed estimate approximations are stable, i.e., have non-negative components and satisfy the normalization condition. We prove the assertions characterizing the approximation accuracy depending on the observation system parameters, time discretization step, the maximal number of allowed state transitions, and the applied scheme of numerical integration.
On a Periodic Capital Injection and Barrier Dividend Strategy in the Compound Poisson Risk Model
Authors: Yu Wenguang , Guo Peng , Wang Qi , Guan Guofeng , Yang Qing , Huang Yujuan , Yu Xinliang , Jin Boyi , Cui Chaoran
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we assume that the reserve level of an insurance company can only be observed at discrete time points, then a new risk model is proposed by introducing a periodic capital injection strategy and a barrier dividend strategy into the classical risk model. We derive the equations and the boundary conditions satisfied by the Gerber-Shiu function, the expected discounted capital injection function and the expected discounted dividend function by assuming that the observation interval and claim amount are exponentially distributed, respectively. Numerical examples are also given to further analyze the influence of relevant parameters on the actuarial function of the risk model.
On the Kernel of a Polynomial of Scalar Derivations
Authors: Treanţă Savin
Published: April 2020

In this paper, by using a vector variable, the procedure of characteristic systems allows us to describe the kernel of a polynomial of scalar derivations by solving Cauchy Problems for the corresponding system of ODEs. Moreover, a gradient representation for the associated Cauchy Problem solution is derived.
Methylxanthines Inhibit Primary Amine Oxidase and Monoamine Oxidase Activities of Human Adipose Tissue
Authors: Haj Ahmed Wiem , Peiro Cécile , Fontaine Jessica , Ryan Barry J. , Kinsella Gemma K. , O’Sullivan Jeff , Grolleau Jean-Louis , Henehan Gary T.M. , Carpéné Christian
Published: April 2020

Background: Methylxanthines including caffeine and theobromine are widely consumed compounds and were recently shown to interact with bovine copper-containing amine oxidase. To the best of our knowledge, no direct demonstration of any interplay between these phytochemicals and human primary amine oxidase (PrAO) has been reported to date. We took advantage of the coexistence of PrAO and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (hScAT) to test the interaction between several methylxanthines and these enzymes, which are involved in many key pathophysiological processes. Methods: Benzylamine, methylamine, and tyramine were used as substrates for PrAO and MAO in homogenates of subcutaneous adipose depots obtained from overweight women undergoing plastic surgery. Methylxanthines were tested as substrates or inhibitors by fluorimetric determination of hydrogen peroxide, an end-product of amine oxidation. Results: Semicarbazide-sensitive PrAO activity was inhibited by theobromine, caffeine, and isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) while theophylline, paraxanthine, and 7-methylxanthine had little effect. Theobromine inhibited PrAO activity by 54% at 2.5 mM. Overall, the relationship between methylxanthine structure and the degree of inhibition was similar to that seen with bovine PrAO, although higher concentrations (mM) were required for inhibition. Theobromine also inhibited oxidation of tyramine by MAO, at the limits of its solubility in a DMSO vehicle. At doses higher than 12 % v/v, DMSO impaired MAO activity. MAO was also inhibited by millimolar doses of IBMX, caffeine and by other methylxanthines to a lesser extent. Conclusions: This preclinical study extrapolates previous findings with bovine PrAO to human tissues. Given that PrAO is a potential target for anti-inflammatory drugs, it indicates that alongside phosphodiesterase inhibition and adenosine receptor antagonism, PrAO and MAO inhibition could contribute to the health benefits of methylxanthines, especially their anti-inflammatory effects.
N,N’-Bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (Salen) as an Active Compound for the Recovery of Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Witt Katarzyna , Bożejewicz Daria , Kaczorowska Małgorzata A.
Published: April 2020

In this paper, three main methods of metal ion separation, i.e., liquid–liquid extraction, transport across polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), and sorption/desorption, are described. In all of them, N,N’-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (salen) was used as an active compound, i.e., as an extractant or as a carrier for the recovery of Ni(II), Cu(II), or Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions. In each case, the recovery was performed on a model solution, which contained only a single metal ion. The obtained results were compared with the author’s previous results for the separation of metal ions using β-diketones, since both β-diketones and salen form the so-called Werner-type complexes. Electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-HRMS) was also applied to confirm the ability of the carrier to form complexes with metal ions in a solution. Moreover, spectrophotometry was used to determine the stability constant of the obtained complexes.
Effect of Current Input Method on A356 Microstructure in Electromagnetically Stirred Process
Authors: Roh Joong Suk , Heo Min , Jin Chul Kyu , Park Jin Ha , Kang Chung Gill
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on the electromagnetically stirred process for manufacturing the material required for the semi-solid forming method. The maximum weight of the molten metal used at a laboratory scale in the currently published research is 3 kg. However, a large-scale electromagnetic device is needed when using a material with a maximum weight of 5 kg or more of the molten metal used in the actual industry. Therefore, controllers in this study are installed at each pole in the electromagnetic stirrer, which has six poles in order to stir materials weighing 5 kg or more. The current is input to the adjacent pole counterclockwise (CAMP), and to the symmetrical poles counterclockwise (CSMP). The experiment results show that the current method input to the CSMP can generate the highest electromagnetic force at the center of molten metal. A phase analysis is performed for the size and the roundness of primary α-Al particle from the material prepared by different input currents. The degree of roundness of primary α-Al particles is better when the current is input to the symmetrical poles counterclockwise.
Optimization of Cold Metal Transfer-Based Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Processes Using Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan
Published: April 2020

Wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is among the most promising additive manufacturing techniques for metals because it yields high productivity at low raw material costs. However, additional post-processing is required to remove redundant surface material from components manufactured by the WAAM process, and thus the productivity decreases. To increase productivity, multi-variable process parameters need to be optimized, including thermo-mechanical effects caused by high deposition rates. When the process is modeled, deposit shape and productivity are challenging to quantify due to uncertainty in multiple variables of the complicated WAAM process. Therefore, we modeled the WAAM process parameters, including uncertainties, using a Gaussian process regression (GPR) method, thus allowing us to develop a WAAM optimization model to improve both productivity and the quality of the deposit shape. The accuracy of the optimized output was verified through a close agreement with experimental values. The optimized deposited material had a wide effective area ratio, small height differences, and near 90° deposition angle, highlighting the usefulness of the GPR model approach to deposit nearly ideal material shapes.
Influences of Cooling Conditions on the Liquation Cracking in Laser Metal Deposition of a Directionally Solidified Superalloy
Authors: Chang Baohua , Yang Shuo , Liu Guan , Li Wangnan , Du Dong , Ma Ninshu
Published: April 2020

Directionally solidified (DS) nickel-based superalloys are widely used in manufacturing turbine blades, which may fail due to wear and/or material loss during service. Laser metal deposition (LMD) has been considered to be a promising technology in repairing the damaged components thanks to the high temperature gradient formed, which is conducive to the growth of directional microstructure. Intergranular liquation cracking in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) has been one of the major problems in LMD of the DS superalloys. In this paper, the influences of two cooling conditions (conventional cooling and forced cooling) on the microstructure development and liquation cracks were studied for the laser deposition of a DS superalloy IC10. The experimental results showed that, as compared to the conventional cooling, both number and length of the liquation cracks in HAZ were notably reduced under the forced cooling condition. The effects of cooling conditions on temperature and stress fields were analyzed through a thermo-elastoplastic finite element analysis. It was revealed that the maximum tensile stress and high tensile stress region in the substrate were effectively minimized while using the forced cooling measure. The forced cooling on the substrates is a promising method for mitigating the liquation cracking in LMD of DS superalloys.
Identifying Protein–metabolite Networks Associated with COPD Phenotypes
Authors: Mastej Emily , Gillenwater Lucas , Zhuang Yonghua , Pratte Katherine A. , Bowler Russell P. , Kechris Katerina
Published: April 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease in which airflow obstruction in the lung makes it difficult for patients to breathe. Although COPD occurs predominantly in smokers, there are still deficits in our understanding of the additional risk factors in smokers. To gain a deeper understanding of the COPD molecular signatures, we used Sparse Multiple Canonical Correlation Network (SmCCNet), a recently developed tool that uses sparse multiple canonical correlation analysis, to integrate proteomic and metabolomic data from the blood of 1008 participants of the COPDGene study to identify novel protein–metabolite networks associated with lung function and emphysema. Our aim was to integrate -omic data through SmCCNet to build interpretable networks that could assist in the discovery of novel biomarkers that may have been overlooked in alternative biomarker discovery methods. We found a protein–metabolite network consisting of 13 proteins and 7 metabolites which had a −0.34 correlation (p-value = 2.5 × 10−28) to lung function. We also found a network of 13 proteins and 10 metabolites that had a −0.27 correlation (p-value = 2.6 × 10−17) to percent emphysema. Protein–metabolite networks can provide additional information on the progression of COPD that complements single biomarker or single -omic analyses.