bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Contested Role of Management Plans in Improving Forest Conditions in Nepal's Community Forests
Authors: Baral S. , Meilby H. , Chhetri B.B. Khanal
Published: March 2019

Nepal's forest legislation requires community forest user groups to prepare inventory based management plans. Several studies have observed positive changes in forest cover after the establishment of community forestry; however, the role of management plans in bringing about such change
is less examined. Based on a case study of nine community forests in the mid-hills of Nepal, this paper discusses the role of plans in changing the forest conditions. The study assessed changes in forest conditions, observed forest management activities, conducted household surveys, and interviewed
forest bureaucrats. Image analysis showed improvement in forest conditions after the introduction of inventory based planning; however, improvements cannot be attributed to the plans, as the prescriptions in these were not used in practice. Instead, it emerged that a culture emphasizing forest
conservation, changes in demography and increased remittance incomes together with increasing bureaucratic requirements contributed to the improved forest conditions. The role of the plan remains contested since it largely serves as a basis for controlling communities and, hence, preparation
of such plans appears as an empty ritual with little connection with actual forest management.
Housing Wealth Effects in Japan: Evidence Based on Household Micro Data
Authors: Hori Masahiro , Niizeki Takeshi
Published: March 2019

Using micro data covering almost 500,000 Japanese households over the period 1983–2012, we examine to what extent household consumption responds to changes in housing wealth. To do so, we estimate the housing wealth of individual households by matching several official statistics. Employing cross-section and pseudo-panel-based regressions, we find that the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of housing wealth is approximately 0.0008–0.0013 for nondurable consumption and 0.0059–0.0082 for total consumption. We further find that the consumption response of older households is larger than that of younger households, which is consistent with the pure wealth effects hypothesis.
How widespread was the belief in demonic tollgates in sixth- to ninth-century Byzantium?
Authors: Krausmüller Dirk
Published: March 2019

While narratives about the ascent of the souls through the air and their examination at toll-gates were very popular in Byzantium, it would be wrong to believe that they were universally accepted. Andrew of Crete conceptualised the afterlife in such a way that no room was left for dramatic encounters with demons. Theodore of Stoudios accepted that the souls of the deceased were judged but never spoke of bands of evil spirits, which represented different kinds of vices. It seems that at least in the eighth and early ninth centuries the ecclesiastical elite found the fanciful accounts too much to stomach.
Asinine tales east and west: the Ass’s Confession and the Mule’s Hoof
Authors: Lauxtermann Marc , Janssen Marjolijne C.
Published: March 2019

This paper examines the two main motifs in the Συναξάριον τοῦ τιμη- μένου γαδάρου and the Γαδάρου, λύκου κι ἀλουποῦς διήγησις ὡραία: the Ass’s Confession and the Mule’s Hoof, tracing them back to Medieval western rather than Ancient Aesopic sources. The Appendix deals with the dating and geographical provenance of the common ancestor of these two texts.
Measuring thyroglobulin in patients with thyroglobulin autoantibodies: evaluation of the clinical impact of BRAHMS Kryptor® Tg-minirecovery test in a large series of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Giovanella Luca , Verburg Frederik A. , Trimboli Pierpaolo , Imperiali Mauro , Keller Franco , Ceriani Luca
Published: March 2019

Background

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical impact of a thyroglobulin (Tg) minirecovery test (Tg-mRec) in a large series of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) patients treated and monitored homogeneously in a tertiary referral center.

Methods

Included were 1120 serum samples from 798 DTC patients. Tg, Tg autoantibodies (TgAb) and Tg-mrec measurements were performed on the automated Kryptor® platform and results compared to the corresponding clinical status.

Results

Among included samples 228 (20%) were TgAb-positive (TgAb+) and 892 (80%) TgAb-negative (TgAb−), respectively. Tg cutoff points were settled at 0.31 μg/L and 0.15 μg/L for TgAb− and TgAb+ patients, respectively, by ROC curve analysis. The diagnostic performance of serum Tg was reduced in TgAb+ compared to TgAb− patients, however, 87% of TgAb+ patients with recurrent disease and, particularly, all patients with distant metastases were correctly detected by adopting an optimized Tg cutoff for TgAb+ patients. A disturbed recovery was found in only 1% of TgAb− patients and in these cases no clinically relevant information was added by the Tg-mRec. Among TgAb+ patients with undetectable Tg and undisturbed Tg-mRec, no one had recurrent disease. However, a falsely undetectable Tg was demonstrated in two patients with recurrent disease who next to increased TgAb also had a disturbed Tg-mRec test.

Conclusions

There is no additional clinical benefit from performing Tg-mRec in most patients. It can however be considered in TgAb+ patients with undetectable Tg levels as it may help differentiate between patients with true negative and false negative Tg levels in the presence of such antibodies.
Galería en tributo al pintor costarricense Rafa Fernández (1935-2018)
Authors: Fernández Tercero Alma
Published: March 2019

El pintor Rafael Ángel Fernández Piedra, fallecido en 2018, es considerado uno de los artistas más representativos de Costa Rica, cuya obra ha tenido también una proyección internacional considerable, al formar parte de la Colección del Museo José Luis Cuevas en Ciudad de México, así como de la Colección del Museo Rally de Arte Contemporáneo, en Punta del Este, Uruguay, entre otros. Obtuvo el premio Aquileo J. Echeverría en Artes Plásticas en 1968, 1972 y 1975, así como el premio Nacional de Cultura Magón en 2002, el más importante galardón que otorga el Estado costarricense en reconocimiento a una vida dedicada a la cultura. Como homenaje póstumo a este insigne creador, en esta edición la Revista Ístmica convierte su sección de Artes Visuales en una galería virtual dedicada a la exposición de parte de su obra, comentada sentidamente por su hija, la curadora y también artista, Alma Fernández.
Fuerzas militares en centroamérica: a 30 años de la firma de los acuerdos de paz
Authors: Villalobos Fonseca Hazel
Published: March 2019

En las décadas de los setenta y ochenta del siglo XX, las fuerzas militares fueron actores claves en los regímenes autoritarios de Centroamérica. La tutela militar que ofrecieron a estos gobiernos provocó los conflictos armados y desestabilización de las democracias centroamericanas. Por lo cual, los Acuerdos de Paz de la década de los noventa señalaron como principal factor de pacificación y democratización, en la región, la subordinación del poder militar al poder civil en Centroamérica. Hoy, a tres décadas de este proceso, las fuerzas militares de Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras y Nicaragua se han fortalecido y han adoptado funciones de seguridad ciudadana ante la insuficiencia de las débiles policías nacionales civiles para luchar contra las dinámicas del crimen organizado que afecta a esta región. Este artículo evidencia el fortalecimiento de estas fuerzas militares en estos Estados de derecho aún en consolidación e indica una señal de alerta ante la posibilidad de que la historia de las décadas de los setenta y ochenta se repita en Centroamérica.
Career Self-Guidance as a Key Factor in the Development of High School Students’ Competitive Ability and Orientedness
Authors: Shafranov-Kutsev Gennadiy F. , Gulyaeva Lyudmila V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The article discusses the relationship between career self-guidance of high school students and their competitiveness. The authors highlight the indicators of career self-guidance and analyze their influence on the actualization of socially significant qualities, promoting the development of adolescent competitiveness. Influence of information technologies changes radically content and structure of professional activities. The ability to respond to the changes in the labor market and integrate into the relations while carrying out professional activity is essential for young people. The purpose of this article is to consider the specifics of career self-guidance of contemporary senior pupils and to analyze its influence on the competitive orientation of pupils.
Materials and Methods. A questionnaire survey of high school students was selected for its reliability and validity in studying competitive skills. IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software was used to process and analyze the obtained data (N = 1 067 respondents).
Results. The results reveal that the career self-guidance of high school students is a key factor in the process of formation of their competitive orientation. The main motives of future professional activity of senior students and the criteria of educational institution choice were defined. In addition, the key factors that influence the process of making decision of education continuing and their connection with competitive oriented pupils were considered. The indicators of career self-guidance process were revealed.
Discussion and Conclusion. The research results may be useful for teachers and psychologists at high schools, for representatives who study competitive relations in educational sphere and for educators at vocational institutions and universities to develop career guidance strategies. These findings provide the following insights for future research: a comparative analysis of senior pupils’ career guidance measures` efficiency, conducted by different structures, the study of Internet technologies impact on career self-guidance and the study of atlases and new occupations list and their position in a future labor market.
Design and construction of high-rise modular buildings based on recent projects
Authors: Hough Michael J , Lawson R Mark
Published: March 2019

The technology of modular construction is developing rapidly. Information was therefore collected on recent medium- and high-rise projects to evaluate the state of the art of construction practice and to prepare design and construction guidance. This paper reviews the principles that guided the design, manufacture and construction of some recent high-rise modular buildings in the UK. In the absence of specific design and execution standards for modular buildings, the paper shows how existing requirements for steel construction can be adapted for this new way of building. The paper also covers the economic arguments for modular construction and summarises factory production methods.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: March 2019

Editorial
Poder naval para el desarrollo marítimo de la nación: del realismo a la cooperación internacional
Authors: Albarán Gómez Asdrúbal
Published: March 2019

El poder naval, los intereses marítimos de la nación y la voluntad del Estado son los elementos que conforman el poder marítimo. Este, sumado a una estrategia que maximice el control del mar, ha sido clave para el desarrollo económico y sociocultural de pueblos, imperios y Estados durante toda la historia de la humanidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir la relación sinérgica entre el Poder naval, los intereses marítimos del Estado y la cooperación internacional, como estrategia para el desarrollo marítimo de Colombia. Situado en algunos aportes teóricos y conceptuales de la Escuela del realismo, se hará una revisión histórica de las principales talasocracia de la historia; posterior a ello, se dará un salto hacia la cooperación internacional para responder cómo estas aproximaciones teórico-conceptuales describen la relación sinérgica del Poder naval colombiano con el desarrollo del Poder marítimo y el logro de los fines esenciales del Estado.
A Glossary for
Research on Human Crowd Dynamics
Authors: Adrian Juliane , Bode Nikolai , Amos Martyn , Baratchi Mitra , Beermann Mira , Boltes Maik , Corbetta Alessandro , Dezecache Guillaume , Drury John , Fu Zhijian , Geraerts Roland , Gwynne Steve , Hofinger Gesine , Hunt Aoife , Kanters Tinus , Kneidl Angelika , Konya Krisztina , Köster Gerta , Küpper Mira , Michalareas Georgios , Neville Fergus , Ntontis Evangelos , Reicher Stephen , Ronchi Enrico , Schadschneider Andreas , Seyfried Armin , Shipman Alastair , Sieben Anna , Spearpoint Michael , Sullivan Gavin Brent , Templeton Anne , Toschi Federico , Yücel Zeynep , Zanlungo Francesco , Zuriguel Iker , Van der
Wal Natalie , van Schadewijk Frank , von Krüchten Cornelia , Wijermans Nanda
Published: March 2019

This article presents a glossary of terms that are frequently used in research on human crowds. This topic is inherently multidisciplinary as it includes work in and across computer science, engineering, mathematics, physics, psychology and social science, for example. We do not view the glossary presented here as a collection of finalised and formal definitions. Instead, we suggest it is a snapshot of current views and the starting point of an ongoing process that we hope will be useful in providing some guidance on the use of terminology to develop a mutual understanding across disciplines. The glossary was developed collaboratively during a multidisciplinary meeting. We deliberately allow several definitions of terms, to reflect the confluence of disciplines in the field. This also reflects the fact not all contributors necessarily agree with all definitions in this glossary.
Sulama Kanal Çeşitleri ve Uzunluklarının Sulama Performans Göstergelerine Etkisi
Authors: KARTAL Sinan , DEĞİRMENCİ Hasan , ARSLAN Fırat
Published: March 2019

Suyun etkin kullanımında
sulama şebekelerinde kullanılan kanal çeşitleri büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu
çalışmada, Ege Bölgesinde 9 adet sulama şebekesinde, ana sulama kanal çeşitleri
ve uzunluklarının sulama performans göstergelerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sulama
kanal uzunlukları ve su iletim performans göstergeleri arasındaki ilişkiyi
araştırmak amacıyla korelasyon; kanal çeşitlerine ve uzunluklarına göre sulama
şebekelerini homojen gruplara ayırmak amacıyla kümeleme analizi ve genel
değerlendirme yapmak amacıyla da temel bileşenler analizi sonucunda oluşan
biplot grafikleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta, kanal uzunlukları ve çeşitleri ile
sulama oranı ve birim sulama alanına dağıtılan toplam sulama suyu miktarı
arasında korelasyon bulunmuştur (P>0.01). Sulama kanal çeşitleri ve
uzunlukları ile birim sulanan alana dağıtılan toplam sulama suyu miktarı ve su
temin oranı arasındaki ilişki istatistiksel olarak anlamsız bulunmuştur
(P>0.05). Borulu su iletim kanallarına sahip sulama şebekelerinde sulama
performansı yüksek olması beklenirken, kaplamalı ve kanalet su iletim
kanallarına sahip olan sulama şebekeleri daha yüksek performans göstermiştir.
Sonuçta sulama şebeke performans göstergeleri kanal çeşitleri ve uzunluklarının
yanında yönetim, işletim gibi birçok etkene bağlı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Vitis vinifera L.’de Floral Gelişme Aşamaları ve Fenolojik Safhalar ile İlişkilendirilmesi
Authors: GÖKBAYRAK Zeliha , ENGİN Hakan
Published: March 2019

Asmada çiçek salkımı taslaklarının (primordiyumlarının) birinci sezonda gelişmesini takiben ikinci gelişme sezonunda çiçek ve çiçek organ taslakları farklılaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Merlot (Vitis vinifera L.) üzüm çeşidinde sürme sırasında ve sonrasında gözlerde ve çiçeklerde farklılaşma adına gerçekleşen olayların tanımlanması ve bu olayların fenolojik safhalar ile ilişkilendirilmesidir. Ayrıca, çiçek organlarının farklı gelişme aşamalarındaki boyutları mikroskop altında belirlenmiştir. 2016 yılının 20 Mart ve 10 Mayıs tarihleri arasında her 5-10 günde bir alınan örneklerin mikroskop altında dikkatlice incelenmesinden sonra, asma floral gelişme aşamalarına 5 ara aşama eklenmiştir (taç yaprak taslağının görünmesini takiben erkek ve dişi organ taslaklarının tam olarak şekillenmesi). Bulgulara göre, çiçek salkımı ile salkım üzerindeki her bir çiçeğin farklılaşmasının baharda gözlerin şişmesiyle birlikte olduğu görülmüştür. Çiçek salkımı taslağının görünür hale gelmesinden yaklaşık olarak 3 hafta sonra erkek organlar ve dişi organ görülebilmiştir. Gelişim sonraki 3 hafta içerisinde tamamlanmıştır. Çiçek taslağı 1 Nisan’da görülmüş ve sonraki 5-6 haftalık dönemde boyutlarını %900’den fazla arttırmıştır. Generatif organ taslakları, 2-4 yaprak sürgünden ayrıldığı zamanda görülebilmiştir. Dişi organ tam şeklini aldığı dönemde, sürgünde 6-8 yaprak büyümüş ve çiçek salkımları çıplak gözle ayırt edilebilir duruma gelmiştir.
Quartic B-spline Differential Quadrature Method for Solving the Extended Fisher-Kolmogorov Equation
Authors: BAŞHAN Ali
Published: March 2019

Some numerical solutions of the extended Fisher-Kolmogorov(EFK) equation have been obtained via quartic B-spline differential quadrature method(DQM). 2ndorder weighting coefficients are obtained directly by quartic B-splines. Since the 4thorder derivatives of quartic B-splines do not exist, the 4thorder weighting coefficients have been obtained by matrix multiplication approach. After the discretization of the eFK equation via DQM, ordinary differential equation systems have been obtained and strong stability preserving Runge-Kutta method has been used for time integration. To be able to control the accuracy of the method three test problems have been solved and error norms L2and L∞are calculated.
Adsorption of DNA on Coated Magnetic Beads: Comparison of Physical and Chemical Adsorption
Authors: BAYRAÇ Ceren , BAYRAÇ Abdullah Tahir , SARIKAYA Ecem , VARÇİN Merve
Published: March 2019

Based on their unique properties
various iron magnetic nanoparticles have proved to be excellent nanomaterials
for applications in separation and concentration process. Immobilization of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules on the magnetic beads are acutely
important and have potential uses in many techniques such as DNA extraction,
concentration, biosensors, microarrays and next generation sequencing. In this
study the adsorption of single stranded DNA (ssDNA) via poly-l-lysine coated
iron oxide magnetic beads was performed under varying conditions of
poly-l-lysine amount, initial DNA concentration, ionic strength, bonding type
and length of DNA. The adsorption process was examined via Langmuir and
Freundlich isotherm models. The ionic interaction between negatively charged
DNA and positively charged surface of magnetic beads showed multilayer
adsorption with Freundlich adsorption isotherm, covalent bonding between
modified DNA and surface by crosslinking provided higher adsorption efficiency
with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Both adsorption methods provided magnetic
beads with favorable adsorption of ssDNA.
Deprem Etkisindeki Yapıların Sismik Taban İzolasyonu ve Çoklu Ayarlı Kütle Sönümleyici Sistemleri ile Karma Korunması
Authors: NAİMİ Sepanta , WAHEB Mohammad Harris
Published: March 2019

Deprem öngörülemez ve
önlenemez bir gerçektir, can ve mal kaybını en aza indirgemek için tek çaba,
yapıyı depreme bağlı kuvvetlere karşı koyacak şekilde tasarlanması ve inşa
edilmesidir. Özellikle Kobi, Northridge ve Düzce depremleri gözönünde
bulundurulduğunda hastane, okul gibi kamu binalarının ve çok-katlı binaların
depreme karşı temel izolatörlerle korunması gerekliliği öngörülmektedir.
Yapılar için istenen depreme dayanıklı bir tasarıma ulaşmak için çeşitli
girişimlerde bulunulmuştur. Bu girişimler sonucunda, bir deprem sırasında
yapısal tepkileri azaltmak için önemli ölçüde faydalı olan önemli ilerlemeler
kaydedilmiştir. Farklı deprem yer hareketleri altında tek ayarlı kütle
sönümleyici (STMD), çoklu ayarlı kütle sönümleyicileri (MTMD’ler) ve dağıtılmış
çoklu ayarlı kütle sönümleyicileri (d-MTMD’ler) kullanılarak, taban izolasyonlu
yapıların sismik tepki kontrolünün incelenmesi gerekmektedir.  Bu çalışmada yapı, tabakalı kauçuk mesnetler
(LRB), kurşun çekirdekli kauçuk mesnetler (N-Z), sürtünmeli sarkaç sistemi
(FPS) ve esnek sürtünmeli taban izolatörü (R-FBI) izolasyon sistemleri ile
izole edilmiş ve en üst katta STMD, MTMD’ler ve tabanda MTMD’ler ve katlarda
d-MTMD’ler ile donatılmıştır. Ayrıca parametrik çalışma için izolatör zaman
periyodu 2 ile 2,5 ve 3 sn arasında değiştirilerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tüm
STMD durumları için kütle oranı %2, 3, 5 ve %10 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Buna
ek olarak, MTMD’ler en üst katın yanı sıra taban üzerine yerleştirilmiş ve
izole edilmiş yapının yüksekliği boyunca dağıtılmıştır.
GEOMETRY EFFECTS ON THERMOHYDRAULIC BEHAVIOR OF FLUID FLOW IN A SQUARE ENCLOSURE WITH AN INNER CIRCULAR TUBE
Authors: JAHANBAKHSHİ Akram
Published: March 2019

Convective heat transfer in
non-circular channels are of interest in many industrial applications. In the
present work, fluid flow in the space between a square channel and a circular
tube with different positions of the holder rigid plate is investigated
numerically. The use of holder plates is applicable in industrial applications.
Holder plates allow different flows with different thermal and hydrodynamic
behaviors in a channel at constant Reynolds numbers. Six geometries selected to
explore the effect of the position of holder plate on heat transfer rate.
Results demonstrated that the plate position has significant effects on fluid
flow behavior. It is found that hydrodynamic and thermal behavior affected by
the plate position for different Reynolds numbers. ­ For example, for the case
that the circular tube is positioned in the center of the square channel with
two inclined plates, average convective heat transfer outside and between the
two plates is 344 Wm-2K-1 and 465 Wm-2K-1,
respectively.
Comparative study of postoperative hepatic and renal function changes in laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy
Authors: Malik Fazle Rab , Tripathi Ankur Dutt , Singh Santosh Kumar , Kola Anish , Shukla Devendra Kumar
Published: March 2019

Background: It has been shown that there is a transient elevation of serum liver enzymes after laparoscopic surgeries and major causative factor seemed to be the CO2 pneumoperitoneum. In most of the cases, it does not have any clinical significance in the patient with normal preoperative liver function. However, in patients with deranged liver function, these changes can have great significance.Methods: The present study was designed to determine and compare changes in liver function tests and renal function test following laparoscopic cholecystectomy and open cholecystectomy. This study was conducted on 100 patients admitted to Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, Allahabad, India from August 2017 to January 2019 who were having symptomatic cholelithiasis with a history of either acute cholecystitis, biliary colic or chronic cholecystitis. All patients were investigated for complete liver function tests and renal function test including serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, LDH, S. urea, S. creatinine, S. Na+, S. K+, S. Ca+ and urinary sodium (UNa+). The laboratory tests were carried out in the same laboratory using one type of instrument.Results: In open cholecystectomy, bilirubin decreased by 11% (p value equals 0.191) and remained decreased to the preoperative value on day 1 and day 7. While, laparoscopic cholecystectomy at 14 mmHg pressure, mean bilirubin decreases by 14% immediately postoperatively (p value equals 0.1733) and returns to normal level in 7 days. These changes are clinically insignificant and statistically insignificant.Conclusions: Enzyme elevations could mostly be attributed to the adverse effects of the pneumoperitoneum on the hepatic blood flow and renal blood flow and CO2 absorption in the blood. Though, these changes do not seem to be clinically significant, care should be taken before deciding to perform laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This study suggested that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe operative procedure and have added advantages. The disturbances in the function of the kidney after laparoscopic cholecystectomy are self-limited and not associated with any morbidity in patients with a healthy kidney function.
A cross sectional study on clinical profile of endoscopic proven gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: . Anshuman , Kulkarni S. R.
Published: March 2019

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the main gastrointestinal diseases. It is due to the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus or beyond. It has many symptoms and also many complications.Methods: Authors carried out this study to know the common symptoms, complications of GERD and the endoscopic study results regarding the same. 100 patients attending the surgery department at a tertiary care hospital were included in the study.Results: Mean age of participants was 54.09±14.75 years. Authors divided the 100 patients into two groups, GERD with complications (28 patients) and GERD without complications (72 patients). In the present study, out of 100 GERD patients, 73 patients were males (73%) and 27 patients were females (27%) with male to female ratio of 2.7:1. In this study, among 100 GERD patients, body mass index was <25 in 70 patients (70%) and ≥25 in 30 patients (30%). Heartburn was present in 72% patients, regurgitation in 71%, retrosternal chest pain was seen in 68% patients and dysphagia was seen in 29%. Out of 100 GERD patients, 16 patients (16%) had esophageal ulcers, 8 patients (8%) had Barrett’s esophagus, 4 patients (4%) had esophageal stricture and 72 patients (72%) didn’t have any complications.Conclusions: Age and BMI (both p <0.001) of the patients showed significant statistical difference between two groups. Some other studies also showed similar results with higher complications seen in increasing age and increased frequency of symptoms.
Accuracy of lead risk assessment questionnaire in predicting elevated blood lead levels in children
Authors: Sadasivam Kanimozhi , Chinnasami Balaji , Hariharan Apurva , Ramraj Balaji , Saravanan Rahul , Ayyavoo Saravanan
Published: March 2019

Background: Lead toxicity in children is a serious problem affecting their neurodevelopment. Although CDC mandates screening for lead toxicity regularly in children, India doesn’t have any lead related public health program in place. In resource limited India a prescreening lead risk assessment questionnaire will be more economical than universal screening for blood lead levels (BLL). Authors aim to evaluate the accuracy of a validated modified CDC lead risk assessment questionnaire in predicting elevated BLL.Methods: Authors conducted an explorative cross-sectional study from July to August 2017 in 340 children aged 6 months to 6 years. A standardized self-administered questionnaire modified from CDC lead risk assessment questionnaire was administered in the children. Also, BLL were measured in all study subjects using lead care II analyser. Data from questionnaire were compared with BLL to test the accuracy of questionnaire.Results: Blood lead levels was high (>5ug/dl) in 57.9% of study subjects especially in children between 24-35 months. Employment in battery manufacturing companies (P=0.0001), usage of cosmetics (P=0.019), parental smoking history (P=0.001), involvement in painting, arts (P=0.0001) and malnourished children (P=0.018) were the risk factors associated with undesirable BLL. The modified questionnaire had a sensitivity of 87.9% and specificity of 66.7% for detecting elevated BLL.Conclusions: The modified CDC lead risk assessment questionnaire is a sensitive tool in identifying high risk cases of lead toxicity in children.
Most common cause of cardiomegaly without significant murmur in pediatric age group at tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad, India: a prospective observational study
Authors: Mohan Chekkali Chandra , Kotha Rakesh , Singh Himabindu , Bapanpalli Narahari , Anjum Sadiqua , . Alimelu , Jadhao Arjun
Published: March 2019

Background: Following the invention of monaural stethoscope by Laennec and X ray by Roentgen in 18th century there was spectacular advancements in cardiology. The myocardium can be affected by various disease process unrelated to abnormal pressure or volume loads. These processes may be inflammatory, metabolic, infiltrative, ischemic or primary with significant overlap. These diseases usually present as cardiomegaly. In pediatric age group cardiac diseases will present early, sometimes without any signs and symptoms like sudden death due to less cardiac reserve. Few cases of sudden death also showed huge cardiomegaly in postmortem X rays. authors want to carry out this study to find out most common cause of cardiomegaly with silent chest as authors usually miss the diagnosis and these cases may present as sudden death without giving much time to intervene. The aim of the study is to know the most common cause of cardiomegaly without significant murmur in pediatric age group above one year.Methods: Prospective observational study done at a tertiary care hospital Hyderabad over a period of one year from January 2018 to January2019.Results: Most common cause of cardiomegaly without significant murmur was cardiac beriberi. It is mostly prevalent in rural areas of Telangana, mostly occurring in breastfed babies and below six years. All cases were recovered after proper treatment. Fortunately, it is associated with nil mortality, if timely treatment was initiated.Conclusions: Cardiac beriberi which is easily preventable and if treated in proper time it will associated with nil mortality. As it was occurring commonly breastfed babies supplementation of Thiamine to mothers was very useful as a preventive strategy.
Study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of Kangaroo mother care among post-natal mothers in a tertiary care centre of Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Authors: Gulati Paras , Bhat Sinchana , Maben Roshan , T. Soans Santhosh
Published: March 2019

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a practical low-cost intervention which is very cost effective in developing countries for babies weighing less than 2500g. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of post-natal mothers of LBW babies after giving a teaching session by trained personnel in a tertiary care center in Karnataka.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study of 90 mothers whose neonates were weighing less than 2.5kg from May to October 2018.Mothers were interviewed at enrolment and were assessed about their knowledge and were oriented on its practice.Results: At recruitment (95.5%) mothers did not know about KMC.80% of mothers followed in first sitting and 86.6% of the mothers felt photo exhibition was better than verbal.96.6% of mothers thought KMC is beneficial and it was believed that other family members can even provide KMC.Conclusions: Maternal knowledge was low before now they are happily practicing KMC in hospital and thereafter at home.
A implantação do Porto do Açu: um estudo de caso sobre os conflitos ambientais do 5° Distrito de São João da Barra/RJ a partir das falas dos atingidos
Authors: Vilaça Natalia Machado , Lopes Alexandre Ferreira
Published: March 2019

Nas últimas décadas grandes projetos de infraestrutura foram retomados no Brasil, com o objetivo de atingir o crescimento econômico. O argumento principal para legitimar esses empreendimentos era a grande oferta de emprego e geração de renda para a população. No entanto, os empreendimentos não corresponderam à expectativa, e a realidade é uma baixa oferta de emprego, intensa degradação ambiental e acirramento de conflitos ambientais. Este trabalho analisa o Complexo Logístico, Industrial e Portuário do Açu (CLIPA), um grande projeto de desenvolvimento pensado inicialmente pelo empresário Eike Batista, localizado no município de São João da Barra, região norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro, e que foi totalmente aceito pelas instituições públicas e privadas e também pelas diferentes esferas de governo (municipal, estadual e federal). A implantação desse empreendimento gerou conflitos ambientais de diversas naturezas. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa analisou que os conflitos ambientais surgidos a partir da implementação/atuação do CLIPA, estão relacionados a desapropriação de terras de pequenos agricultores, impedimento de pescadores artesanais em exercer sua atividade econômica em áreas próximas ao Porto do Açu e a criação de Unidades de Conservação. Este estudo também pretendeu dar visibilidade à questão ambiental e social que atinge especificamente aqueles que têm menos condições de se fazer ouvir nos espaços públicos de discussão.
A Review of Relevant Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Congestive Heart Failure in Dogs: Present and Future Directions
Authors: Mochel Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with an increasing prevalence in human and canine populations. Similar to humans, overactivation of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system is involved in the pathophysiology of CHF in dogs. Current therapeutic strategies for the management of canine CHF include the use of RAAS inhibitors, diuretics and inodilators. The present review summarizes data from our own research on the modulation of the renin-angiotensin cascade in dogs in dogs, together with new findings (including novel therapeutic targets) from the veterinary and the human literature.
Determination of the Ratios of Ligands to Metal Ion of some Metal Complexes of Triazoles by Using Eleetronie Speetra in Organie Solvents
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

We found that 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propynyl) thio- 1??-triazole [1? forms a complex with Pd (11) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light in CH2CI2 at 400 nm, and 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propenyl) thio- 1,2,4- triazole [II] forms complexes with Pd (II) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 390 nm, and of ratio 2:1 which absorbs light at 435 nm. On the other hand, we found that the new derivative 4- phenyl- 5( p- amino phenyl) -3- mercapto- 1,2,4- triazole ?111? forms complexes with Cu (II) ion of the ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 380 nm, with Ni (II) ion of the ratio 3:1 which absorbs light at 358 nm; and with Co (11) ion of the ratio 3.2:1 which absorbs light at 588 nm. The ratio of the complexes were determined by measuring the electronic spectra of the complexes in CH2G2 and (CH^NCHO at different concentrations ofthe ligands and f?xed ' •' of the metal ion in every case, then applying the molar ratio plots on the data. Our results were confirmed by precipitating most ofthe above complexes in solid state, and then each complex was analyzed elementally.
The analytical potentiality of three different liquid stationary phases in analysing rathylchlorosilanes by gas - liquid ehromatography
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Organohalosilanes conslitute an important subject Ù¡Ù¦Ø› the chemistry oforganosilicon compoundØ›. Being starting materials and intermediates in the synthesis of a large number of various compounds so it is very important to get such materials in its highest purity ,but the separation of rathylchlorosilanes was still a big^oblem, duet^the great similarity in their physical and chemical properties, making its analysing verydifficult, ^or this reason tteir must be a good method o^e^r^iondealing^ththe^compounds, gas- liquid chromatography proved that it was the best, specially when (m- nitrotoluene) was used as a stationary liquid phase, it gave a complete separation and a good statistical results
Variational Formulation with Deviating Arguments of Movable boundaries
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

In this paper, we study, in details the derivation of the variational formulation corresponding to functional with deviating arguments corresponding to movable boundaries. Natural or transversility conditions are also derived, as well as, the Eulers equation. Example has been taken to explain how to apply natural boundary conditions to find extremal of this functional.
Theoretical Study of The Heating Effect of Laser Radiations on SiUcaGlass Systems
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

A theoretical study has been proposed to investigate the effects of different laser radiations (Nd - glass, DF and C02) as a heating source on different glass samples (Optical glass, Bk - 7 and Soda - lime glass) and different waves lengths (10.6, 3.8, 1.6) ???. The heat changes as which are resulted due irradiation with laser sources have been determined by using the one dimension mathematical relation as a function of time (t) and depth (z). The results of the study show ed that the irradiation with C02 laser had a greater effect than DF laser, while the effects of Nd - glass laser were minimal with a power density of (1.8*10?? w/m2) within atime(l^sec).(Forboth Kinds) The change in the temperatures were not exceeded than (70"K) in all samples
STUDY OF EMBARGO’S AFFECT ON CANCER IN IRAQ
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

different ?? ? injury ? This study aims to knowing the affect of embargo on cancer tutors in Iraq according to different body systems , In addition, this '?0 kinds study aims at knowing t^e categories ages that can be mostly injured by the cancer Egression analysis and descriptive statistics( median and frequency tables). ^?^???? have been used to achieve these two aims .This study includes ah the seventy cancer s Iraq from 1980-1998 and the data have been from the Ministry of Health / ?? tumors Iraqicancer board administration / central registry. The results of this study are emale productive? : Embargo has affected the ten different body systems as .? central nervous system and opthamamology , Hematology ,Respiratory ? system system , male productive system , lymphatic system, connective and other soft tissues
MEASURING OF FARMERS ADOPTION LEVEL FOR MODERN IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND THEIR WIDE APPLICATION
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

74 fanners were randomily selected from the Lc:ital. of 406 fanners using the Modern Irrigation System up to November , 2000 , for the purpose of wide adoptation of such system. Rcsults indicated according to the data which has been obtained and statistically analysed by the statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program showed that the majority of the farmers adopted this new system of irrigation due to the increase in the yield up to 5" .
study Of Optical Properties Of Copper-Doped Cds Thin Films
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Thin films of CdS:Cu were deposited onto glass substrate temperature 400 °c. The optieal properties have been studied for Cds doped with (1,3, 8) wt% of Cu before and after Gamma irradiation. It was found that the irradiation caused an ( Frenkel defects) where the atom is displaced from its original site leaving vacancy and forming on interstitial atom. It was found the irradiation caused an absorption edge shifting towards long wavelength as a result of the increasing of Cu concentration.
The effects of raddiation on the optical properties of GERMANIUM SELENIDE semiconductor.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Study was made on the optical properties of Ge2oSe8othinfilms prepared by vac-uum evaporation as radiated by (0,34,69) Gy of 13 ray.The optical band gab Eg and tailing band A.Et were studied in the photon energy range ( 1 to 3)eV. The a-Ge20Se8o film was found to be indirect gap with energy gap of (1.965,1.9 , 1.82) eV at radiated by B ray with absorption doses of (0,34,69)Gy respectively.The Ea and AEt of Ge20Se80 films showed adecrease in E8 and an increase in AEt with radiation. This be-havior may be related to structural defects and dangling bonds.
In Vitro Study of MefenamateStarch as Drug Delivery System
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Mefenamic acid was esterified with starchwith[1:1] Molar ratio, as drug substituted with natural polymer, to prolongthe period of hydrolysis of drug polymer with other advantages. The new prodrug starch was characterized by FT-IR and UV-Visible and 1H-NMR spectroscopies. The physical properties were studied and controlled drug release was studied in different pH values at 37oC. The stability of drug was carried out by measuring the absorbance of mefenamic starch which hydrolyzed in HCl solution of pH 1.1 (artificial gastric fluid) and phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 (simulating intestinal fluid SIF) at 37oC for several days. The thermal analysis such as DSC was studied.
Effect ofGarlic(Allium sativum )extract and root extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale)on growth and yield of Chick plant (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

An experiment was conducted at botanical garden of Department of Biology ,College of Education (Ibn-AL –Haitham ,University of Baghdad during winter season of 2010 -2011.The aim of prsent study is to investigate the effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) extract and root extract of Ginger(Ziniber officinale)in two concentration of both extracts (20% and 30%)on growth and yield of (Cicer arietinum).The result showed that both extracts increased plant hight ,Chlorophyl content ,relative growth rate (RGR).Absolute growth rate (AGR),seeds yield .seed weight average ,biological yield ,carbohydrate and protein percentages in seeds,in comparsim with control plants .
Theoretical Study of Charge Transfer in Styryl Thiazilo Quinoxaline Dyes STQ-1, STQ-2,and STQ-3 in Organic Media System
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Charge transfer in styryl dyes STQ-1, STQ-2,and STQ-3 with organic media system has been studied theoretically depending on the Franck- Condon rule and continuum dielectric model . The reorientation energies (eV) were evaluated theoretically depending on dipole momentum, dielectric constant , and refrective index n. The rate constant of charge transfer has been calculated depending on the reorientation energy (eV) ,effective free energy , potential height barrier , and coupling coefficient . A matlap program has been written to calculated the rate constant of charge transfer and other parameter. The results of calculations show that STQ-2 dye is more reaction for charge transfer compare with STQ-1 and STQ-3 dyes
Phenolic Content and Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities of Ethanolic Extract From Lemon Balm and Oregano Plants
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of ethanolic extract and phenolic compounds extract of Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and Oregano (Oreganum vulgare) plants were studied; the phenolic content and the relationship between these compounds and the above activities were also investigated. The results showed that the Lemon balm had the highest phenolic content (56.5% mg g) and the phenolic content of Oregano was twice lower than Lemon balm. Lemon balm has the highest antioxidant activity which causes lipid peroxidation inhibition activity of linoleic acid (90.5%), this activity was more than ?-tocopherole antioxidant activity (79.3 %). It was found that the main source of antioxidant activity of these plants was belonging to phenolic compounds and the results proved the strong relationship between antioxidant activity and phenolic content. The ethanolic extract of Lemon balm was exhibited strong antibacterial activity ,the inhibition included all bacterial isolates , with highest inhibition zone against Bacillus cereus ( 26 mm), while Oregano did not exhibit clear antibacterial activity, Aeromonas hydrophila was the most resistant isolate . It was obvious from the results of effect of phenolic compounds on bacteria that no relationship between antibacterial activity and phenolic content and the inhibition may be due to other compounds.
Exploiting the diazotization reaction of 4- minoacetophenone for Methyldopa determination.
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

Based on the diazotization reaction of 4-aminoacetophenone with sodium nitrite in acid medium to form diazonium salt, which was coupled with Methyldopa to form a violet reddish soluble azo dye with maximum absorbance at 560 nm,a batch procedure had been developed for the estamination of Methyldopa. Under optimum experimental parameters affecting on the development and stability of the colored product, Beer´s law obeyed in the range (0.5-45) ?g.ml-1 with a correlation coefficient (0.9979).The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Methyldopa in either pure form and in commercial brands of pharmaceuticals, no interference was observed from common excipients in the formulations. The analytical results obtained by applying this method were in good agreement with labeled values.
The effect of Glycated Haemogloin A1c and Fasting Blood Glucose in Type1 Diabetes
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The glycated haemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and Fasting blood glucose(FBG) effect on type1 diabetic pateints as a screening tests and as a gold standard for assessing glycemic control in subjects with diabetes were studied .
Ninety one blood samples were collected in a peroid between June and the end of November 2012 at AL- Kindy Diabetic Center and Central Child Hospital,48 Females and 43 Males , aging between (11 month- 18 year), are divided into three groups, newly diagnosed , ongoing and healthy control group, with duration of disease between(1 day-3months) and (from birth-8 years) for newly diagnosed and ongoing groups respectevily .
The results showed that FBG and HbA1c for newly diagnosed were high (291 mmol/l and 10.6%) respectevily with short duration mean (3.32 week) while ongoing group (207mmol/L and 7.4%) with duration mean(154.5 week) compared with control group values (92.6mmol/L and 4.9%).There was a significant differences between FBG in patients and control at P value < 0.005, and p < 0.05 between HbA1c for patients and control .The correlation of FBG in patients and duration of disease were ( r= - ve 0.19) and for the control group ( r= -ve 0.49 ).When we compared FBG and HbA1c in patient the correlation was (+ve 0.64) .This study concluds that the combined use of FBG and HbA1c are very important for assessing glycemic control and enhanced the detection of diabetes individuals at high risk for diabetes.
Gene frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood groups in Sabians (Mandaeans), Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The present study aimed to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood group antigens among Sabians (Mandaeans) population. This paper document the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among the Sabians (Mandaeans) population of Iraq.There is no data available on the ABO/Rh (D) frequencies in the Sabians (Mandaeans) population. Total 341 samples analyzed; phenotype O blood type has the highest frequency 49.9%, followed by A 28.7%, and B 13.8% whereas the lowest prevalent blood group was AB 7.6%. The overall phenotypic frequencies of ABO blood groups were O>A>B>AB. The allelic frequencies of O, A, and B alleles were 0.687, 0.2 and 0.1122 respectively.
Rhesus study showed that with a percentage of 96.2% Rh (D) positive is by far the most prevalent, while Rh (d) negative is present only in 3.8% of the total population. The Sabians (Mandaeans) ethnic group showed the same distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups with others ethnic groups in Iraqi population.
A Proposed Agent System for Network Monitoring
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science
Published: March 2019

The traditional centralized network management approach presents severe efficiency and scalability limitations in large scale networks. The process of data collection and analysis typically involves huge transfers of management data to the manager which cause considerable network throughput and bottlenecks at the manager side. All these problems processed using the Agent technology as a solution to distribute the management functionality over the network elements. The proposed system consists of the server agent that is working together with clients agents to monitor the logging (off, on) of the clients computers and which user is working on it. file system watcher mechanism is used to indicate any change in files. The results were presented in real time which is minimizing the cost that represents the important factor to successful management of networks that was achieved using agents.