bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
St. Gallen/Vienna 2021: A Brief Summary of the Consensus Discussion on Customizing Therapies for Women with Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Thomssen Christoph , Balic Marija , Harbeck Nadia , Gnant Michael
Published: April 2021

Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2021 St. Gallen/Vienna Consensus Conference on Early Breast Cancer Treatment Standards had to be held virtually. Despite the challenge of convening global contributors to both the conference itself as well as the important Consensus Panel, the scientific committee and the organizers managed to organize a well-received scientific conference, and also the panel discussion was well received in the worldwide scientific community, as indicated by numerous positive feedbacks already within the first 24 h. The virtual format was unusual, but opened the door for new elements such as Consensus questions proposed from the audience, but also live audience interaction on both days – the Consensus was split into 2 parts in order to accommodate as many time zones globally as possible, leading to almost a doubling of discussion time compared to previous meetings. Also, about 3,400 participants from over 100 countries and all continents came together, including many colleagues who could attend for the first time from world regions with restrictions that so far did not allow the travel to Vienna. Traditionally, the Panel votings and discussions were preceded by 3 days of high-level live-discussions about the lectures that were available on demand already a week before. Also, all the lectures and live discussions in mini-panels are made available online for at least 6 months (https://www.oncoconferences.ch/events/bcc-2021/). The traditional panel votings were once more moderated by Eric Winer from Harvard and included interactive elements such as audience votings and audience questions, presented by Michael Gnant. This rapid report by the editors-in-chief of Breast Care summarizes the results of the 2021 international panel votings with respect to locoregional and systemic treatment as a quick news update for our readers and clearly does not intend to replace the official St. Gallen Consensus publication that will follow shortly in Annals of Oncology.
Na dúvida, foi moralmente condenada ao invés de legalmente absolvida: etnografia de um julgamento pelo Tribunal do Júri de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Schritzmeyer Ana Lúcia Pastore
Published: April 2021

Este texto apresenta uma etnografia realizada durante uma sessão do 1º Tribunal do Júri da cidade de São Paulo, em maio de 2008. Sua análise tem como meta contribuir para reflexões críticas sobre o assustador crescimento de desejos punitivos e de demandas por lei e ordem em nome da segurança de “cidadãos de bem”, o que, frequentemente, se dá em detrimento da própria lei e em função da força seletiva de marcadores sociais como gênero, raça e poder socioeconômico. No julgamento em questão, uma jovem, à época com 26 anos de idade, foi condenada a 26 anos e 2 meses de reclusão por omissão na tortura e homicídio de sua filha. A menina foi morta em julho de 2004, aos 5 anos idade, pelo companheiro da mãe, um policial julgado meses antes e condenado a 40 anos de reclusão pela autoria desses mesmos crimes. Apesar das dúvidas legais sobre a cumplicidade da ré na morte da filha, ela foi condenada por sua “moral sexual”, considerada incompatível com a de uma “boa mãe”.
Burocracia, criatividade e discernimento: lições de uma cafeteira desaparecida
Authors: Bevilaqua Ciméa Barbato
Published: April 2021

Com base na descrição etnográfica do processo administrativo instaurado a partir do sumiço de uma cafeteira em um órgão público federal, este artigo propõe que a transposição ponderada e criativa da distância entre o esquematismo das fórmulas burocráticas e a complexidade das situações às quais elas se dirigem é tão constitutiva da burocracia quanto suas expressões mais bizarras, cuja insensatez anedótica frequentemente resulta em violência e injustiça. No caso em questão, cuja análise integra um estudo mais amplo sobre práticas burocráticas e procedimentos disciplinares na administração pública, dois aspectos se sobressaem: de um lado, as prescrições normativas conferem ao processo um impulso próprio, que prenuncia sanções aos servidores formalmente implicados no desaparecimento do bem; de outro, e ao mesmo tempo, sua tramitação desencadeia um investimento cuidadoso de diferentes atores e instâncias para conter um movimento cego em direção a resultados indesejáveis. Essas condições permitem problematizar a consideração usual da discricionariedade no serviço público – que chamarei de discernimento, aproximando-me de certo uso nativo – como expressão de autonomia ou arbítrio individual. Em vez disso, a etnografia realça o caráter intrinsecamente coletivo do discernimento burocrático, sem o qual a efetivação consequente das normas não seria possível.
O sucesso e a crise da onda identitária no Brasil
Authors: Sansone Livio
Published: April 2021

Os experimentos inspirados pelo multiculturalismo e as práticas culturais ao redor das medidas de ação afirmativa tiveram seu momento de glória no período 2002-2016, dentro de uma nova configuração que criou oportunidades para um momento identitário centrado na valorização, na patrimonialização e no reconhecimento de formas culturais subalternas, oriundas de grandes setores da sociedade historicamente discriminados. Este ensaio avalia os termos-chave e algumas das dinâmicas desse processo, para logo identificar alguns novos pontos de inflexão que têm levado a uma crise dele, gerada tanto pelas próprias fraquezas internas ao processo quanto pelo perigoso ataque conservador ao ideário multiculturalista e ao direito à diversidade.
Rare and unknown canine systemic mastocytosis: clinical and laboratory features of an aberrant c-Kit mutation neoplasia
Authors: Soares Carla Sofia , Delgado Leonor , Morgado Sónia , Carvalho Pedro Pires , Barros Luís Carlos
Published: April 2021

Systemic mastocytosis (SM) pathology is extremely rare in canine practice, with insufficient reported data. The knowledge of the clinical behavior of this pathology is scarce. In human medicine, SM has been widely investigated, being defined as a rare hematopoietic disorder by the World Health Organization (2016), within the type of myeloproliferative neoplasms. Herein, we describe a systemic mastocytosis case in a Portuguese Serra-da-Estrela dog, where a cutaneous grade III/high-grade MCT was also diagnosed. The clinical decline of the animal and owner’s insistence throughout anamnesis that the dog was markedly different after the cytologic exam performed in another clinic, along with both severe eosinophilia and hepatomegaly, led to the clinical suspicion of SM. The animal passed away 7 days later. Post-mortem investigation confirmed SM pathology, and a deletion of 15 base pairs change on c-Kit gene exon 11 was identified. Contemplating the low number of cases described in the literature, this publication aims to disclose clinical and laboratory features of rare and poorly described canine SM, taking into consideration human outcomes described in the literature.
Mortalidade por câncer nas capitais e no interior do Brasil: uma análise de quatro décadas
Authors: Silva Gulnar Azevedo e , Jardim Beatriz Cordeiro , Ferreira Vanessa de Melo , Junger Washington Leite , Girianelli Vania Reis
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Descrever a tendência da mortalidade por câncer geral e tipos mais frequentes entre homens e mulheres residentes nas capitais e demais municípios das cinco macrorregiões do Brasil entre 1978 e 2017. MÉTODOS: Estudo de séries temporais com dados de mortalidade corrigidos por redistribuição das causas maldefinidas. Foi calculada a mortalidade proporcional de câncer para Brasil e regiões. A variação percentual anual das taxas para o total de câncer e tipos específicos em cada segmento e na desagregação selecionada foi calculada por regressão linear generalizada com ligação gaussiana. RESULTADOS: A proporção de câncer aumentou progressivamente para ambos os sexos de 1978 a 2017. Diferenças importantes entre as capitais e o interior das macrorregiões foram vistas com dados desagregados. Os maiores declínios ocorreram para o câncer de estômago, exceto nas regiões Norte e interior da Nordeste, e de colo do útero, com queda generalizada, com exceção do interior da região Norte. O câncer de pulmão teve queda entre homens nas regiões Sudeste e Sul e aumento generalizado entre mulheres. Os cânceres de mama e de próstata tenderam a diminuir nas regiões Sudeste e Sul e entre residentes das capitais, mostrando, porém, aumento no interior das regiões Norte e Nordeste. O câncer colorretal teve tendência geral de aumento; nas capitais houve estabilidade entre homens da região Sul e entre mulheres das regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste e queda entre mulheres da região Sul a partir de 2007. CONCLUSÕES: A mortalidade por câncer apresentou grande variação entre os residentes de capitais e do interior das grandes regiões do país. Diminuição clara da mortalidade foi vista para os principais tipos nas regiões Sudeste e Sul. As regiões Norte e Nordeste apresentam padrões compatíveis com cânceres associados à pobreza ao mesmo tempo que se destacam pelo grande aumento daqueles relacionados ao estilo de vida sedentário.
A impunidade do homicídio no Brasil entre 2006 e 2016
Authors: Nery Felipe Souza , Nadanovsky Paulo
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Descrever o nível e a tendência temporal da impunidade do homicídio no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de estudo ecológico no qual dois índices de impunidade foram calculados a partir do número total de homicídios em determinado período, de cinco anos, dividido pelo número de indivíduos na prisão por homicídio (impunidade do homicídio) ou por qualquer causa (impunidade geral) dois anos após o final desse período. O modelo de regressão linear com correção de autocorrelação serial de Prais-Winsten foi utilizado para estimar a tendência temporal dos índices de impunidade. RESULTADOS: No Brasil, entre 2009 e 2014, foram identificados 328.714 homicídios, contudo apenas 84.539 presos cumpriam pena por esse tipo de delito em 2016, revelando que houve 244.175 mais casos de homicídio no Brasil do que presos por esse crime. O índice de impunidade do homicídio variou de 3,9, em 2006, a 3,3 em 2014. Todos os estados apresentaram valores acima de 1. O Rio de Janeiro destacou-se negativamente, com valores acima de 20. Os menores índices de impunidade do homicídio foram encontrados nos estados de São Paulo, Santa Catarina e Distrito Federal, com valores abaixo de 2. Oito estados mostraram tendência de redução no índice de impunidade geral. CONCLUSÕES: A maioria dos estados brasileiros apresentou valores altíssimos nos índices de impunidade. No entanto, detectamos um sinal positivo de que a sociedade brasileira começou, a partir de 2010–2012, a combater de forma efetiva a impunidade dos crimes violentos graves, incluindo o homicídio. São Paulo iniciou essa tendência positiva em meados dos anos 1990 e apresenta atualmente índices de impunidade similares aos dos países desenvolvidos.
Tendência das mortes evitáveis até o 6º dia de vida no estado de São Paulo – 2008 a 2017
Authors: Sala Arnaldo Sala , Luppi Carla Gianna
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Analisar a tendência da mortalidade infantil neonatal precoce no estado de São Paulo segundo evitabilidade e região de residência. MÉTODO: Estudo ecológico com dados secundários de 2008 a 2017, obtidos a partir do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos e do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. As causas de óbito foram classificadas segundo grupos de evitabilidade, sendo estimadas as variações percentuais anuais das taxas de óbito de cada grupo de evitabilidade, por meio do software Joinpoint. RESULTADOS: O componente neonatal precoce apresentou tendência de redução com variação percentual anual de -1,18 (IC95% -1,63 – -0,72), menos acentuado que os demais componentes etários da mortalidade infantil. Na análise segundo evitabilidade, as causas reduzíveis por atenção à mulher na gestação e as reduzíveis por cuidado ao feto e ao recémnascido apresentaram variação percentual anual, respectivamente de -1,03 (IC95%: -1,92 – -0,13) e -2,6 (IC95%: -4,07 – -1,11). Nas causas reduzíveis por atenção à mulher no parto, não se observou tendência de redução. Ocorreram discrepâncias regionais na variação das taxas de mortalidade infantil neonatal precoce segundo evitabilidade. CONCLUSÕES: A mortalidade até o 6º dia de vida apresentou maior dificuldade de redução na comparação com os outros componentes etários. A ausência de tendência de redução nos óbitos evitáveis pelo cuidado à mulher no parto aponta para possível fragilidade na atenção ao parto.
Fatores associados ao near miss neonatal no Brasil
Authors: Pereira Theonas Gomes , Rocha Daniele Marano da , Moreira Maria Elisabeth Lopes , Gama Silvana Granado Nogueira da
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Este estudo avalia a associação entre fatores sociodemográficos, características maternas, organização dos serviços de saúde e near miss neonatal em maternidades públicas e privadas do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma coorte prospectiva de nascidos vivos da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil, realizada entre 2011 e 2012. As variáveis foram estabelecidas a partir da literatura e organizadas em três níveis: distal, intermediário e proximal. A avaliação foi realizada a partir dos resultados das análises bivariadas e de seus respectivos valores-p, com nível de significância < 0,20, pelo teste de Wald. Para a análise multivariada, foram inseridas as variáveis contidas no nível distal, conservadas no modelo quando significativas (p < 0,05). O mesmo foi feito no ajuste dos níveis intermediário e proximal. RESULTADOS: No nível distal, nenhuma variável apresentou associação significativa com o desfecho. No nível intermediário, idade da mãe maior ou igual a 35 anos (risco relativo – RR = 1,32; IC95% 1,04–1,66), parto cesáreo (RR = 1,34; IC95% 1,07–1,67), uso de fumo (RR = 1,48; IC95% 1,04–2,10), síndrome hipertensiva gestacional (RR = 2,29; IC95% 1,98–3,14), diabetes pré-gestacional (RR = 2,63; IC95% 1,36–5,05) e gestação gemelar (RR = 2,98; IC95% 1,90–4,68) foram variáveis associadas ao desfecho. No nível proximal, o pré-natal não adequado (RR = 1,71; IC95% 1,36–2,16) e a localização do hospital/maternidade na capital (RR = 1,89; IC95% 1,40–2,55) foram associados ao near miss neonatal. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados mostram que o near miss neonatal foi influenciado pelas variáveis da organização dos serviços de saúde e pelas características maternas.
O financiamento da saúde no Brasil e as metas da Agenda 2030: alto risco de insucesso
Authors: Vieira Fabiola Sulpino
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Examinar o financiamento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de 2010 a 2019 e analisar as tendências recentes da alocação de recursos federais para grandes áreas de atuação do sistema, bem como a possibilidade de alcance das metas do Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 3 da Agenda 2030. MÉTODOS: Dados da execução orçamentário-financeira dos entes da Federação foram obtidos. As transferências do Ministério da Saúde (MS) para as secretarias municipais e estaduais e suas aplicações diretas foram identificadas segundo grandes áreas finalísticas do SUS e áreas-meio. Estatísticas descritivas básicas, gráficos e tabelas foram utilizados para a análise da execução das despesas por essas áreas. RESULTADOS: O gasto público per capita com saúde aumentou entre 2010 e 2018. Contudo, em relação a 2014, teve redução de 3% em 2018. Constatou-se deslocamento da alocação de recursos federais em prejuízo das transferências aos estados (−21%). Também se observaram perdas da vigilância em saúde em favor da atenção básica e da assistência farmacêutica. No caso da atenção básica, o aumento do gasto veio atrelado a mudanças na política e à ampliação dos recursos alocados por emendas parlamentares. Já no caso da assistência farmacêutica, o aumento se deu pela incorporação de novos medicamentos, incluindo vacinas, pela judicialização, pelo aumento dos gastos com hemoderivados e pela centralização, no MS, da compra de itens de alto impacto orçamentário. CONCLUSÃO: Caso não haja mudança no quadro atual d e financiamento do SUS, algo improvável sob a vigência da Emenda Constitucional nº 95, associada à redefinição das prioridades das políticas de saúde, o risco de não cumprimento das metas do ODS 3 da Agenda 2030 é muito alto.
Idosos com demência: conhecimentos e atitudes dos médicos nas unidades de saúde
Authors: Steiner Ana Beatriz Quintes , Jacinto Alessandro Ferrari , Citero Vanessa de Albuquerque
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Descrever os conhecimentos e atitudes dos médicos generalistas da rede básica de saúde da cidade de São Paulo em relação a pacientes com demência e identificar padrões de atitudes. MÉTODOS: Foram sorteadas aleatoriamente 10% das unidades básicas de saúde da cidade de São Paulo (n = 45), distribuídas proporcionalmente em seis coordenadorias regionais de saúde. Foram entrevistados até dois médicos generalistas em cada unidade, obtendo-se ao todo 81 médicos entrevistados. Eles responderam à versão traduzida e adaptada transculturalmente para o Brasil de dois questionários britânicos, o knowledge quiz (conhecimentos sobre demências) e o attitude quiz (atitudes frente ao paciente dementado), além de um questionário sociodemográfico e ocupacional para o entendimento do perfil dos médicos generalistas que atuam na atenção primária. Realizaram-se análise descritiva dos dados, análise fatorial dos principais componentes do attitude quiz e estudo de associação entre atitudes e conhecimentos, além do teste de regressão linear múltipla para determinar a relação entre o perfil ocupacional e de conhecimento em demência sobre os padrões de atitudes. RESULTADOS: Os médicos entrevistados tinham mediana de tempo de formado de cinco anos; 35,8% trabalhavam exclusivamente com atenção primária, e menos de 40% tinham concluído, ou estavam cursando, residência médica ou especialização. Os médicos mostraram um conhecimento menor sobre diagnóstico de demência do que sobre a epidemiologia da doença e seu manejo terapêutico. Suas atitudes em relação a pacientes dementados resultaram em quatro fatores: otimismo proativo, otimismo delegador, desalento implícito e desalento explícito. O estudo de regressão mostrou que a atitude de desalento explícito diminui quanto maior for a jornada de trabalho semanal do médico nas unidades, e que a atitude otimista delegadora do médico diminui na mesma situação. CONCLUSÕES: O investimento em capacitação é fundamental para melhorar o desempenho do médico no campo da demência na atenção primária.
Violência contra a gestante e fatores associados no município de Governador Valadares
Authors: Defilipo Érica Cesário , Chagas Paula Silva de Carvalho , Ribeiro Luiz Cláudio
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a violência contra a mulher durante a gestação e verificar a associação com os fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, obstétricos, comportamentais, de assistência à saúde e doenças na gestação. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com puérperas cujo parto ocorreu no Hospital Municipal de Governador Valadares, em Minas Gerais, no período de maio de 2017 a julho de 2018. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista, e informações complementares foram obtidas pela análise do cartão de pré-natal e prontuário. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizada regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 771 puérperas. Dessas, 62 (8,0%) relataram ter sofrido violência física, psicológica ou sexual durante a gestação. As gestantes com maior chance de terem sofrido violência foram as dependentes de álcool (RC = 4,97; IC95% 2,30–10,75; p < 0,001), as que não realizaram o pré-natal (RC = 3,88; IC95% 1,00–15,09; p = 0,050), as que usaram os serviços de saúde de forma emergencial durante a gravidez (RC = 2,47; IC95% 1,42–4,30; p = 0,001) e que apresentaram diabetes gestacional (RC = 2,59; IC95% 1,06–6,32; p = 0,037) e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (RC = 3,85; IC95% 1,41–10,50; p = 0,009). CONCLUSÃO: A violência contra a gestante está associada a fatores comportamentais e relacionados à assistência à saúde e doenças na gestação. É imprescindível o reconhecimento dos fatores associados pelos profissionais de saúde, por meio de ações de rastreamento de situações de violência contra a mulher desde o início do pré-natal, a fim de possibilitar intervenção precoce.
Mortalidade prematura por câncer de colo uterino: estudo de séries temporais interrompidas
Authors: Nascimento Maria Isabel do , Massahud Felipe Corrêa , Barbosa Nathália Giácomo , Lopes Cássio Destefani , Rodrigues Vanessa da Costa
Published: April 2021

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito do Pacto Pela Saúde na mortalidade prematura (30–69 anos) atribuída a câncer de colo uterino no Brasil e nas suas macrorregiões, utilizando modelagem de séries temporais interrompidas. MÉTODOS: A regressão segmentada foi usada para avaliar “mudança de nível” e “mudança de tendência” das taxas de mortes prematuras por câncer de colo uterino no período pós-Pacto (2010–2018), controlando pelo período pré-Pacto (1998–2006). Entendendo o triênio 2007–2009 como essencial para adesão e implantação da política ele foi excluído da modelagem principal, mas avaliado na análise de sensibilidade. RESULTADOS: De 1998 a 2018, houve mais de 119 mil óbitos por câncer de colo uterino, em mulheres de 30 a 69 anos, no Brasil. A região Norte experimentou as taxas mais altas (> 20 por 100 mil). Comparando à linha de base (1998–2006), a regressão segmentada mostrou progressiva elevação das mortes por câncer de colo uterino no Brasil como um todo (coeficiente angular = 0,513; IC95% 0,430 a 0,596) e nas regiões Sudeste (coeficiente = 0,515; IC95% 0,358 a 0,674), Sul (coeficiente = 0,925; IC95% 0,642 a 1,208), e Centro-Oeste (coeficiente = 0,590; IC95% 0,103 a 1,077). A região Nordeste apresentou os efeitos mais promissores com redução imediata no nível (-0,635; IC95% -1,177 a -0,092) e redução progressiva na tendência de mortes prematuras (coeficiente= -0,151; IC95% -0,231 a -0,007). CONCLUSÕES: As taxas de mortalidade prematuras por câncer de colo uterino são altas no Brasil e nas suas macrorregiões. Esta série temporal interrompida não foi capaz de revelar efetividade das iniciativas relacionadas ao Pacto pela Saúde sobre as mortes prematuras por câncer de colo uterino nacionalmente e tampouco em todas as macrorregiões igualmente. Os melhores resultados estão restritos à região Nordeste.
Women, Land Tenure Dynamics and Land Sales in Rural Areas. The Case of Syukula Village, Tanzania
Authors: Mwaipopo Rosemarie N.
Published: April 2021

Women’s engagement in rural land sales has been a significant aspect of land tenure dynamics with varied implications to their livelihoods and wellbeing. However, the factors that influence women’s decisions and the modalities of such engagement have not received much attention in social analysis, specifically with regard to women’s perceptions, responses and actions towards land sales, especially in situations of land shortage. In the context where multiple and interacting factors are continuing to transform rural land tenure patterns, this article discusses the varied implications of recent land sales to women, with possible extension of their vulnerabilities, yet also re-invigorating women’s agency regarding land ownership rights. Using a feminist political-ecological perspective, this article shows how women act under constraining circumstances to transform gender relations and patterns of land ownership with varying outcomes to their wellbeing. The findings also suggest deeper interrogation on the capacities of grassroots structures obligated to oversee land tenure security for communities and upholding women’s rights of access to land.
Begonia kekarmonyingensis (Begoniaceae), a new species from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

Authors: TARAM MOMANG , BORAH DIPANKAR , HUGHES MARK
Published: April 2021

A new species of Begonia sect. Platycentrum, B. kekarmonyingensis, from Kekar Monying, a place of historical significance in Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India is illustrated and described. It is allied to B. cathcartii and B. menglianensis, and morphological similarities and differences between the species are discussed. It has been assessed as Vulnerable according to IUCN Red List criteria.
Rethinking Social Action through Music
Authors: Baker Geoffrey
Published: April 2021

How can we better understand the past, present and future of Social Action through Music (SATM)?

This ground-breaking book examines the development of the Red de Escuelas de Música de Medellín (the Network of Music Schools of Medellín), a network of 27 schools founded in Colombia’s second city in 1996 as a response to its reputation as the most dangerous city on Earth. Inspired by El Sistema, the foundational Venezuelan music education program, the Red is nonetheless markedly different: its history is one of multiple reinventions and a continual search to improve its educational offering and better realise its social goals. Its internal reflections and attempts at transformation shed valuable light on the past, present, and future of SATM.
Time-Varying Empirical Probability Densities of Southern Ocean Surface Winds: Linking the Leading Mode to SAM and QuantifyingWind Product Differences
Authors: Hell Momme C. , Cornuelle Bruce D. , Gille Sarah T. , Lutsko Nicholas J.
Published: April 2021

Southern Ocean (SO) surface winds are essential for ventilating the upper ocean by bringing heat and CO2 to the ocean interior. The relationships between mixed-layer ventilation, the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and the storm tracks remain unclear because processes can be governed by short-term wind events as well as long-term means.

In this study, observed time-varying 5-day probability density functions (PDFs) of ERA5 surface winds and stresses over the SO are used in a singular value decomposition to derive a linearly independent set of empirical basis functions. The first modes of wind (72% of the total wind variance) and stress (74% of the total stress variance) are highly correlated with a standard SAM index (r = 0.82) and reflect SAM’s role in driving cyclone intensity and, in turn, extreme westerly winds. This Joint PDFs of zonal and meridional wind show that southerly and less westerly winds associated with strong mixed-layer ventilation are more frequent during short and distinct negative SAM phases. The probability of these short-term events might be related to mid-latitude atmospheric circulation. The second mode describes seasonal changes in the wind variance (16% of the total variance) that are uncorrelated with the first mode.

The analysis produces similar results when repeated using 5-day PDFs from a suite of scatterometer products. Differences between wind product PDFs resemble the first mode of the PDFs. Together, these results show a strong correlation between surface stress PDFs and the leading modes of atmospheric variability, suggesting that empirical modes can serve as a novel pathway for understanding differences and variability of surface stress PDFs.
The Silent Witness Project as Rhetorical Hybrid: Toward a Theory of Collective Mourning
Authors: Goodnow Trischa
Published: April 2021

Public, visual displays, that aid in the mourning process and summon viewers into action, constitute a rhetorical hybrid that combines epideictic and deliberative rhetoric. This essay suggests a theory of collective mourning that seeks to explain the rhetorical import and function of these multimedia, public displays. The combination of form and content allows the critic to understand how the epideictic and deliberative function in this genre of discourse. After explaining the theory, a case study of the Silent Witness Project follows.
The UMA-SAR Dataset: Multimodal data collection from a ground vehicle during outdoor disaster response training exercises
Authors: Morales Jesús , Vázquez-Martín Ricardo , Mandow Anthony , Morilla-Cabello David , García-Cerezo Alfonso
Published: April 2021

This article presents a collection of multimodal raw data captured from a manned all-terrain vehicle in the course of two realistic outdoor search and rescue (SAR) exercises for actual emergency responders conducted in Málaga (Spain) in 2018 and 2019: the UMA-SAR dataset. The sensor suite, applicable to unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), consisted of overlapping visible light (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) forward-looking monocular cameras, a Velodyne HDL-32 three-dimensional (3D) lidar, as well as an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and two global positioning system (GPS) receivers as ground truth. Our mission was to collect a wide range of data from the SAR domain, including persons, vehicles, debris, and SAR activity on unstructured terrain. In particular, four data sequences were collected following closed-loop routes during the exercises, with a total path length of 5.2 km and a total time of 77 min. In addition, we provide three more sequences of the empty site for comparison purposes (an extra 4.9 km and 46 min). Furthermore, the data is offered both in human-readable format and as rosbag files, and two specific software tools are provided for extracting and adapting this dataset to the users’ preference. The review of previously published disaster robotics repositories indicates that this dataset can contribute to fill a gap regarding visual and thermal datasets and can serve as a research tool for cross-cutting areas such as multispectral image fusion, machine learning for scene understanding, person and object detection, and localization and mapping in unstructured environments. The full dataset is publicly available at: www.uma.es/robotics-and-mechatronics/sar-datasets .
Leptospira infection in people in the city of Durango, Mexico: a cross sectional study
Authors: Sandoval-Carrillo Ada Agustina , Salas-Pacheco José Manuel , Antuna-Salcido Elizabeth Irasema , Castro-Martínez Karla Sujey , Ortiz-Montaño Diana Stephanie , Beristain-Garcia Isabel , Alvarado-Retana Hilda Mariela , Ramos-Nevarez Agar , Salas-Pacheco Sergio Manuel , Sifuentes-Alvarez Antonio , Rábago-Sánchez Elizabeth , Cerrillo-Soto Sandra Margarita , Castellanos-Juárez Francisco Xavier , Contreras-Cisneros Edith , Alvarado-Esquivel Cosme
Published: April 2021

Objective

To determine the seroprevalence of Leptospira immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM antibodies and its association with the characteristics of the study population from the northern Mexican city of Durango, Mexico.

Methods

Through a cross-sectional study design, inhabitants of Durango City, Mexico were surveyed between June 2018 and November 2018. Serum samples from the subjects were analysed for anti- Leptospira IgG and IgM antibodies using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Sociodemographic, clinical, behavioural and housing characteristics were recorded. Data were analysed by bivariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The study enrolled 413 people, of which 124 (30.0%) and 137 (33.2%) were positive for anti- Leptospira IgG antibodies and anti- Leptospira IgM antibodies, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that Leptospira seropositivity was associated with professional occupation, alcohol consumption, ill clinical status, memory impairment and a history of surgery.

Conclusions

This is the first study to report the seroepidemiology of Leptospira infection in an urban general population in the north of Mexico. The seroprevalence of Leptospira infection found was higher than those previously reported in Mexican studies.
Real-world experiences of the diagnosis process in Korean patients with ankylosing spondylitis based on a self-report questionnaire
Authors: Hur Jin-Wuk , Ko Kyung Min , Park Kyung-Su , Hong Seung-Jae , Kim Hyun-Sook , Lee Myeung-Su
Published: April 2021

Objectives

The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is often delayed, which affects various clinical outcomes. This study examined the real-world situation of patients with AS during diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

Data were obtained from 26 tertiary care hospitals in Korea using a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed symptoms, pain, extra-articular manifestations, the initial pattern of pain before diagnosis, factors leading to delayed referral to rheumatology, time until receiving an AS diagnosis, comorbid diseases, treatment status, and disease education needs.

Results

Between September and October 2019, 1012 patients with AS completed the survey. Of these, 75.8% were men and 51.8% were in their 30s or 40s. Median disease duration was 76 months. The median time to diagnosis with AS was 12 months. When pain occurred, the medical departments most frequently visited first were orthopedic (61.5%) and rheumatology (18.7%) departments. The likelihood of the first visit being to the orthopedic department and the frequency of biologics use increased with the disease duration. The rates of uveitis, depressed mood, and comorbid diseases were higher in the group with delayed diagnosis.

Conclusions

Physicians should be aware of subtypes of AS that take longer to diagnose and comorbid diseases in the real-world clinical setting.
S100A1 as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with acute aortic dissection
Authors: Han Chenjun , Liu Qiang , Li Yuanmin , Zang Wangfu , Zhou Jian
Published: April 2021

Objective

Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a common life-threatening cardiovascular disease. This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the plasma concentration of S100A1 and its diagnostic value for AAD through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses.

Methods

Seventy-eight patients with AAD and 77 healthy controls were included, and the relevant clinical data for each group were collected. According to the Stanford classification, the AAD patients were divided into types A and B. The plasma levels of S100A1, D-dimer, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and cardiac troponin T were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

The S100A1 concentrations in the healthy control, Stanford A, and Stanford B groups were 0.7 ± 0.6, 4.9 ± 2.6, and 3.5 ± 2.2 ng/mL, respectively. The concentration of S100A1 was increased in patients with AAD complicated with aortic regurgitation, pericardial effusion, or in-hospital death. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.89. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the S100A1 level was an important risk factor for the development of AAD.

Conclusion

Plasma S100A1 is significantly elevated in patients with AAD, and its concentration has potential clinical value for diagnosing AAD.
Successful treatment of continuous ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar spine using percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic spinal decompression: a case report
Authors: Tong Yuexin , Huang Zhangheng , Fan Zhiyi , Zhao Chengliang , Song Youxin
Published: April 2021

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the lumbar spine is rare relative to that of the cervical spine but is often associated with more severe symptoms. Continuous lumbar OPLL is extremely rare. We herein describe a 48-year-old Chinese woman with lumbar spinal stenosis caused by continuous OPLL. She presented with a 5-year history of lower back pain and intermittent claudication. We performed percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression by the posterolateral approach to achieve adequate decompression of the spinal canal up to the lower 1/3 level (0.9 cm) of the L1 vertebral body and down to the upper 1/2 level (1.3 cm) of the L2 vertebral body. After surgery, the patient’s neurological function substantially improved, and her visual analog scale scores for the lower back and both lower extremities and her Oswestry disability index were significantly lower than those in the preoperative period. During the 12-month clinical follow-up period, the patient’s neurological function was fully restored, and she regained her ability to walk normally. No surgery-related complications were observed. This case report describes a novel surgical approach that may be an effective treatment alternative for continuous lumbar OPLL.
Working together: Factors affecting the relationship between leadership and job satisfaction in Iranian HR departments
Authors: Nazarian Alireza , Atkinson Peter , Foroudi Pantea , Soares Anabela
Published: April 2021

Implementation of human resource management (HRM) practices in Iran has been patchy and unenthusiastic despite them having been found to be beneficial in Western countries. To investigate this problem, survey data were gathered from 63 private sector organizations in Iran, producing 325 usable responses, and were analysed using structural equation modelling. Our findings unexpectedly show that transactional leadership had a similar impact on balanced organizational culture to transformational leadership. Also, no relationship was found between balanced organizational culture and team working, or between team working and job satisfaction, which contradicts previous research. We argue that, in HR departments in Iran, culturally generated attitudes towards aspects of HRM itself may produce low job satisfaction, and thus may compromise the implementation of HRM practices. We also argue that, since the cultural conditions that create these anomalies are common to other Middle Eastern and Southern Asian countries, our results can be generalized to these regions. Based on these findings, recommendations are made for practitioners.
Assemblage theory and disaster risk management
Authors: McGowran Peter , Donovan Amy
Published: April 2021

This article builds on previous work that has sought to link assemblage theory with the study of disaster risk. Specifically, we propose that the existing idea of a ‘disaster risk management assemblage’ can be used in two ways. The first is an overall approach to analysing disaster risk. The second is to conceptualise disaster risk management assemblages as objects of study. These are the assemblages, or apparatuses, that seek to manage – but also create – disasters-in-the-making. We go on to explore how these ideas can be used in empirical research and how they can help us to imagine doing research differently.
The European Union as an object of insecure collective attachment: A response to ‘Brexit: Who is afraid of group attachment? Part I. Europe: What Europe?’ by Arturo Ezquerro
Authors: Sochos Antigonos
Published: April 2021

In this commentary I argue that the European Union has been functioning as an insecure object of collective attachment for large parts of the European population for many years. According to attachment theory, in relationships of asymmetrical power insecure attachment is formed as the narrative constructed by the most powerful party overwrites the authentic experience of the weakest, generating conflicted representation of self and the attachment object. That attachment object may be interpersonal or collective. The EU narrative on how it safeguards democracy and citizen well-being contradicts the true experience of many Europeans who struggle to make ends meet in neoliberal Europe. On this basis, an insecure collective bond with the EU is established, as the latter fails to recognize and address the needs of many of its citizens.
Does Disassociation with a Majority Religion Influence Community Desirability? Evidence from Rural Utah
Authors: Andre Alex Nicholas , Sanders Scott , Cope Michael R. , Gibbs Benjamin G.
Published: April 2021

This study examines how disassociation with a majority religion influences subjective perception of community desirability in rural communities. Current community literature shows that religious affiliation identification can influence community sentiment, while other studies suggest the possibility of either mixed or inconclusive results. To further clarify the relationship between religious affiliation and community desirability, we draw upon data from the 2017 Rural Utah Community Study. We find that even when accounting for the length of residence, age, and perception of local services, a resident’s religious affiliation continues to be associated with community desirability. These findings have potential implications for understanding other communities with a large, singular religious presence.
“Of Course We Need to Help the Undocumented Immigrants!”: Twitter Discourse on the (Un)deservingness of Undocumented Immigrants in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Flores Morales Josefina , Farago Fanni
Published: April 2021

Undocumented individuals in U.S. society have been barred from access to federal economic relief during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Increased visibility of the vulnerability of undocumented individuals may provide a window of opportunity for inclusive policies. On the contrary, previous research about pro-immigrant sentiment shows that supporters of undocumented migrants advocate for them by using discourse that ultimately reifies their exclusion. The current study uses Twitter data collected from March to July 2020 to examine public discourse on undocumented immigrants during the pandemic. Our research question is: “How do Twitter users frame deservingness of undocumented immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic?” We find that: (1) relief for undocumented immigrants continues to be contingent even in times of crisis, (2) economic productivity is a prerequisite of deservingness, and (3) anti-immigrant frames that scapegoat immigrants are flexible to the political and public health conditions of a historical period. Implications for policy are discussed.
Prenatal Provider Breastfeeding Toolkit: Results of a Pilot to Increase Women’s Prenatal Breastfeeding Support, Intentions, and Outcomes
Authors: Rosen-Carole Casey , Halterman Jill , Baldwin Constance D. , Martin Hayley , Goldstein Nicolas P. N. , Allen Katherine , Fagnano Maria , Widanka Holly , Dozier Ann
Published: April 2021

Background

Breastfeeding rates for United States women with lower incomes fall below the government’s Healthy People 2020 Goals. Breastfeeding recommendations combined with support from providers and peer counselors help women decide to begin and sustain breastfeeding, but peer counselor uptake is low.

Research Aim

To evaluate changes in referrals to Women, Infants, and Children’s Supplemental Nutrition Program peer counselors, reported prenatal provider education and support, and breastfeeding outcomes (intention, initiation, 1-month duration of any and exclusive breastfeeding) after a prenatal breastfeeding promotion intervention.

Method

In this pre-post intervention study (2015–2016; upstate New York), providers implemented a Toolkit to discuss infant feeding recommendations and initiate peer counselor referral. We surveyed women pre- and post-implementation (after delivery; 1 month postpartum) about prenatal breastfeeding intentions, provider support, and breastfeeding outcomes. Analyses controlled for secular trends.

Results

Pre-intervention ( n = 71) and post-intervention ( n = 70) participants were 49% Black, 61% publicly insured, and 16% uninsured. More post-intervention participants had > 1 Toolkit use (76%), peer counselor program referrals (60.0% post vs. 36.6% pre, p < .01), reported any breastfeeding intention (89% vs. 72%, p = .013), and intended to breastfeed for > 1 year (31% vs. 14%, p = .014). Post-intervention breastfeeding initiation and exclusivity were higher, but not significantly different. Post-intervention participants reported better prenatal breastfeeding support.

Conclusions

Implementing a prenatal Breastfeeding Toolkit, including facilitating peer counselor referral, was associated with increases in provider counseling, participants’ breastfeeding intentions, and uptake of peer counselors. Replicating this approach may reinforce efforts to support breastfeeding in similar practices serving women with lower incomes.
A Regional Analysis of the Relationship Between Housing Affordability and Business Growth
Authors: Oluku Uche , Cheng Shaoming
Published: April 2021

Using U.S. Census data for the period 2010 to 2016, for 383 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) and 3,137 counties nationwide, the authors examine the relationship between housing affordability and business growth in three industrial sectors: Retail, Information, and Professional Services. Housing affordability is measured by the percentage of cost-burdened homeowners and renters, defined as the proportion of households paying 30% or more of gross income toward owners’ costs or rents. The results of a generalized method of moments dynamic panel regression analysis are mixed using MSA-level data. However, using county-level data, the authors find compelling evidence that an increase in homeowner and renter cost burden has a statistically significant adverse effect on business growth in all three business sectors. For instance, over a 7-year period, if housing unaffordability increases by 1 percentage point annually, the number of Professional Services establishments is expected to shrink by 90,248 across 3,137 counties nationwide.
Research on the power sharing capacity of a dual power open-end winding PMSM drive system for vehicular applications
Authors: Jia Yifan , Huang Zhonghua , Chu Liang , Na Xiaoxiang , Xu Nan , Gu Yu
Published: April 2021

An open-end winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OW-PMSM) fed by dual inverter is a competitive option for the drive system of dual power electric vehicles. It allows manageable power flow between two isolated power sources through the motor without requiring a DC/DC converter. Based on the mathematical model of the OW-PMSM and the principles of power sharing, this paper first compares the power sharing capacity among some existing torque regulation algorithms, including unit power factor (UPF) control, maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control, and constant back electromotive force (CBE) control. Then a control algorithm named minimum voltage vector amplitude (MVVA) is presented, which features covering the maximum motor operating range and the maximum power sharing range under the linear voltage vector distribution. Simulation results confirm the validity of the proposed MVVA control, and demonstrate its advantages in vehicular applications.
A new effective nonlinear strategy for lateral stability increment of an articulated vehicle rigid cargo
Authors: Saeedi Mohammad Amin
Published: April 2021

In this paper, the effects of the most important parameters on directional dynamics of a tractor-semitrailer vehicle are examined. Initially, a three DOF dynamic model of a tractor-semitrailer vehicle is proposed. Then, the developed model is validated by means of TruckSim software during a standard maneuver. In order to analyze the system stability, the Lyapunov method has been used and the stability conditions have been extracted based on Routh criterion. The most important parameters are selected based on the articulation angle gain. Among the studied parameters, the semitrailer mass, the distance of the tractor unit center of mass and its front axle, and the tires cornering stiffness exhibited more effective behavior on the vehicle’s stability. The simulation results show that as the tractor center of mass moves toward its rear axle, the probability of the jackknifing increases. Moreover, an increment in the semitrailer mass leads to a turn of the semitrailer with respect to the tractor. Also, the understeer specification of the vehicle strengthens due to the tire cornering stiffness increment. Moreover, in order to increase the maneuverability of the articulated vehicle a new active steering controller is proposed using two different control methods. The controller is developed using the simplified dynamic model and the basis of feedback linearization method using dynamic sliding mode control method. In this system, the yaw rate and the lateral velocity of the tractor unit as well as articulation angle are studied as state variables which are targeted to track their desired references. Then, the vehicle dynamic performance is investigated during standard maneuvers. A more investigation shows that the track of the desired values of the vehicle state variables leads to eliminate off-tracking path.