bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise de prescrições com polifármacos para hipertensos e o perfil epidemiológico de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família de Maceió
Authors: Barros Maciel Cabral Davino Dilcy Morgana , Ambrósio Souza Sabrina
Published: March 2020

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares continuam sendo a principal causa de mortalidade no Brasil, um terço desses óbitos acometem adultos na faixa etária de 35 a 64 anos e a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) faz parte desse quadro de morbimortalidade e com envelhecimento do indivíduo há o aumento do consumo de medicamentos. A polifarmácia é definida como o uso de cinco ou mais medicamentos e apesar de não ser um problema atual, aumentou de modo significativo nos últimos anos. Os pacientes da Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família (UBSF) Dídimo Otto Kummer, localizado no VI distrito sanitário da periferia da capital Maceió/AL, pertencem à comunidade Carminha que é bastante carente, e observa-se condições precárias de saúde,segurança, educação e lazer. Objetivo: Evidenciar a polifarmácia em prescrições para hipertensos, relatando que pode existir a possibilidade de interferir na adesão do tratamento da hipertensão. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal através de amostra de pacientes com idades compreendidas entre 35 e 75 anos, em sua grande maioria, residentes da comunidade, de acordo com o sistema de registro da UBSF. Os dados foram coletados retrospectivamente pela equipe PRO/PET Saúde, a partir de 118 prescrições médicas dos meses de janeiro a março de 2014 e prontuários de acordo com as seguintes variáveis: diagnóstico, sexo, ingestão regular de bebidas alcoólicas e tabagismo, renda, escolaridade, e opinião sobre a inclusão no território de um aterro sanitário. Resultados: Da população de mais de 7,5 mil moradores da comunidade Carminha, 228 foram diagnosticados com problemas hipertensivos, destes com 72,8% de mulheres e 18,8% fazem tratamento para diabetes e hipertensão. A partir das 118 prescrições médicas analisadas no período de janeiro a março desse ano, constatou-se que 47 são consideradas polifarmácia, e destas, 40 foram prescritas para pacientes do sexo feminino. Verificou-se que 26 são tratados com 5 medicamentos; 12 pacientes com 6; 6 pacientes com 7; e 3 pacientes com 8. Conclusão: A prescrição medicamentosa de diversas patologias concomitante ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo, com maioria de pacientes idosos, necessita de uma avaliação terapêutica mais rigorosa frente as possíveis interações medicamento-medicamento/medicamento-alimento e fatores de riscos podem afetar consideravelmente a adesão ao tratamento dos hipertensos.
Desfechos clínicos da terapia antifúngica em pacientes críticos de acordo com o timing para início do tratamento baseado no número de fatores de risco para infecção por fungos
Authors: Porto Almeida Jamile , Mares Brasileiro Pessoa Stela , Cintra de Queiroz Medeiros Carolina , Mistro Sóstenes
Published: March 2020

Introdução: As Infecções fúngicas representam um problema de saúde pois podem acarretar tanto prejuízos pessoais ao paciente, quanto complicações clínicas que resultam em diversas comorbidades, além de trazer prejuízos financeiros aos hospitais. Por isso, atentar aos vários fatores de risco que potencialmente podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento dessas infecções pode auxiliar na sua prevenção e, no caso de uma infecção já instalada, direcionar um diagnóstico precoce em tempo para iniciar o tratamento eficaz. Objetivo: Avaliar os desfechos clínicos resultantes da introdução da terapia antifúngica conforme o número de fatores de risco que cada paciente apresentava no momento da introdução. Métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte não concorrente baseada em dados retrospectivos, realizada em um hospital público localizado no interior da Bahia. Foram analisados pacientes internados na UTI de janeiro de 2014 a setembro de 2015, e que fizeram uso de tratamento com antifúngico. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de um questionário e as análises estatísticas foram realizadas através do programa SPSS versão 20.0.0. Resultados: Pacientes que apresentaram cinco fatores de risco tiveram 9,67 vezes maior risco de ir a óbito e, à medida que o número de fatores de risco aumentava a taxa de mortalidade também aumentou bem como o tempo de hospitalização. Conclusão: Quanto mais fatores de risco os pacientes internados na UTI apresentaram no dia da introdução da terapia antifúngica, maior foi a taxa de mortalidade e maior foi o tempo de hospitalização.
Impacto de erros no uso de medicamentos relacionados a hipoglicemiantes dentro das redes de atenção à saúde no sistema de saúde suplementar
Authors: Ramalho Rodrigues Sarah , Ferreira Gomes Ligia
Published: March 2020

Desde o estabelecimento das guias de boas práticas relacionadas à notificação e cuidado de Erros de Medicação – Medication Errors, a via de como os profissionais direcionam suas as informações relacionadas aos eventos adversos vem sendo questionada. Os hipoglicemiantes representam uma importante classe de medicação alvo deste tipo de ocorrência, como evento adverso corriqueiro ao paciente diabético. Neste trabalho, a notificação de eventos de hipoglicemia relacionada ao uso de medicamentos hipoglicemiantes foi avaliada a partir da análise descritiva de informações contidas em uma base de dados de contas médicas do Sistema deda Saúde Suplementar referentes ao período de Janeiro de 2010 a Dezembro de 2016. A análise centrou-se no levantamento dos eventos hospitalares e número de pacientes registrados com CID’s relacionados a hipoglicemia e diabetes. Os resultados foram organizados em três grupos: amostra geral, pacientes com eventos de hipoglicemia e pacientes em uso de hipoglicemiantes. O levantamento inicial da amostra total de 50.709 pacientes relacionados a 74.874 eventos durante o período foram analisados e somente 0,2% destes eventos estavam notificados como relacionados ao uso de hipoglicemiantes. O grupo de pacientes em uso de hipoglicemiantes também apresentou frequência de internações maior do que a encontrada na amostra geral e na amostra com hipoglicemia. A distribuição de eventos de hipoglicemia pôde indicar que a prevalência de eventos de hipoglicemia associada ao diabetes está claramente subnotificada, sendo o uso de hipoglicemiantes associado a maior taxa de internação. Conclui-se que o sistema  de notificação de eventos relacionados ao uso de hipoglicemiantes precisa ser aperfeiçoado e propõe-se a capacitação das equipes multiprofissionais que atuam na atenção ao paciente diabético como intervenção.
Incidência de Problemas Relacionados a Medicamentos (PRMS) em um hospital terciário em Salvador
Authors: Hernades Sandra Cristina , Teles Teixeira Pereira Talita , De Melo Soares Denis
Published: March 2020

Introdução: O Terceiro Consenso de Granada em 2007 definiu problemas relacionados com medicamentos (PRM) como as situações em que o processo de uso de medicamentos causa, ou pode causar, o aparecimento de um resultado negativo associado ao uso de medicamentos (RNM) e atualizou a definição de RNM como resultados ao paciente não adequados ao objeto da farmacoterapia e associados ao uso ou falha no uso deles. O seguimento farmacoterapêutico é a prática profissional em que o farmacêutico se torna responsável quanto às necessidades do paciente relacionadas com os medicamentos. Para isto deve-se promeover a detecção de problemas relacionados com medicamentos (PRM) junto á equipe multidisciplinar que assiste o paciente. Objetivo: Mapear os PRMs identificados pelo Serviço de Farmácia Clínica de um Hospital Terciário com 352 leitos na cidade de Salvador durante o ano de 2016. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo de corte longitudinal, retrospectivo, realizado em um hospital de grande porte, de alta complexidade, com 352 leitos, na cidade de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, com dados do ano de 2016. Conforme os cálculos estatísticos, para atingir um poder de teste de 80% (e uma significância de 5%) foi necessária uma amostra de 972 pacientes no ano, que foram avaliadas por farmacêuticos clínicos para detecção de PRMs, garantindo assim o uso racional de medicamento e prevenindo ocorrências de Resultados Negativos a Medicamentos. Resultados: Encontramos 77 PRMs em 972 prescrições avaliadas, uma taxa de intervenção de 7,9% .Dentre os tipos de PRMs identificados verificamos 47 PRMs referentes à intervenções em prescrições de anticoagulantes, 10 PRMs referentes ao uso de Eletrólitos Concentrados, 7 PRMs referentes ao uso do Antimicrobiano, 6 PRMs relacionados à prescrição de medicamentos não padronizados ,2 PRMs referentes a prescrição de medicamentos que não podem passar por sonda,1 PRM de duplicidade . O anticoagulante foi a substância mais encontrada nas intervenções, demonstrando a importância do acompanhamento farmacêutico na aderência ao protocolo de Tromboelmbolismo Venoso Institucional. Entre os medicamentos eletrólitos concentrados, tivemos 4 PRMs referentes a Cloreto de potássio 19,1%,e 3 intervenções em prescrições de Sulfato de Magnésio concentrado entre outros, mostrando a importância do acompanhamento farmacêutico das prescrições de eletrólitos concentrados na instituição. Conclusões: A presença do farmacêutico clínico na assistência prestada em um hospital é de impacto significativo na prevenção de Resultados Negativos a Medicamentos e auxilia na aderência ao Protocolo de Prevenção do Tromboembolismo Venoso na Instituição.
Intervenções farmacêuticas na promoção da segurança ao paciente na enfermaria de nefrologia em um hospital universitário
Authors: Silva de Vasconcelos Laís , Meira Lima De Souza Regina , Silva de Medeiros Jordan Carlos , do Nascimento Facundes Barbosa Érika Michelle , Barbosa Brito da Matta Carolina , Leite de Sousa Magalhães Eliane , De Arimatea Rocha Filho José
Published: March 2020

Introdução: O farmacêutico clínico inserido na equipe multidisciplinar é uma opção mais avançada para o pleno exercício da profissão farmacêutica e tem como objetivo aprimorar os conceitos de segurança do paciente e melhor utilização dos medicamentos. A atuação deste profissional gera a Intervenção farmacêutica (IF) que é o ato planejado, documentado e realizado junto ao usuário e profissionais de saúde, que visa resolver ou prevenir problemas na farmacoterapia, sendo parte integrante do processo de acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico. A IF reduz o número de eventos adversos, aumenta a qualidade assistencial e diminui custos hospitalares. Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil das Intervenções Farmacêuticas (IF) realizadas pelo Farmacêutico Clínico e demonstrar sua importância na melhoria da assistência aos pacientes internados na enfermaria de nefrologia de um Hospital Universitário. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo transversal, desenvolvido no período de abril a junho de 2018 na enfermaria de nefrologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (HC/UFPE). As Intervenções Farmacêuticas, realizadas na rotina clínica diária, foram categorizadas pelo serviço de Farmácia Clínica, sendo elas: Interações medicamentosas e com alimentos, o intervalo correto entre as doses, o aprazamento adequado, medicamentos via sonda, reconstituição, diluição, tempo de infusão, estabilidade e incompatibilidades; sendo registradas em banco de dados eletrônico da instituição. As variáveis encontradas foram submetidas à análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: Foram identificadas 82 intervenções farmacêuticas (Σ = 27,33 IF/mês). As Intervenções mais prevalentes foram aquelas relacionadas à: interação medicamentosa (n= 28; 34,15%); conciliação (n= 14; 17,07%); ajuste de dose (n= 10; 12,20%) e medicamento prescrito não necessário (n= 9; 10,98%). Conclusão: A análise dos resultados obtidos sugere que a IF é uma ferramenta eficaz na detecção e prevenção de eventos adversos, bem como na promoção da integração do serviço de farmácia à equipe multiprofissional e aos pacientes. Evidenciando que é um diferencial o envolvimento do farmacêutico clínico na equipe de atendimento ao paciente, para a garantia e orientação sobre o uso correto de medicamentos.
Uso da quetiapina no tratamento dos sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos em portadores da doença de Alzheimer
Authors: Cardoso dos Anjos Laís , De Carvalho Teles Junior Gilmar Antonio , De Freitas Santos Junior Anibal , Lacerda Braga Teles André , Coelho Dourado Daniele
Published: March 2020

Introdução: Sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos na demência (SCPD) incluem uma série de sintomas neuropsiquiátricos, tais como delírios, alucinações, agressão e agitação. Estes sintomas são perturbadores para os indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer (DA) e, comumente, conferem risco ao paciente e a outros. Nos últimos anos, o uso de antipsicóticos típicos e atípicos, tem sido amplamente debatido por preocupações com sua segurança no tratamento destes distúrbios em pacientes idosos com demência, pelo potencial de sérios efeitos adversos, incluindo acidente vascular cerebral, maior taxa de declínio cognitivo e morte. Objetivo: discutir as vantagens e desvantagens do uso da Quetiapina no tratamento dos sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos em pacientes portadores da Doença de Alzheimer. Método: revisão sistemática de literatura, de publicações (artigos e guidelines) na língua inglesa, no período de 2005 a 2017, utilizando banco de dados eletrônicos como Scielo, Lilacs, Sciencedirect, entre outros. Resultados: a maioria dos estudos foi do tipo randomizado, duplo cego, controlado por placebo, o que evitou qualquer interferência consciente ou não nos resultados dos experimentos, sendo também de curta duração, menos de 10 semanas. Os estudos evidenciaram boa eficácia da Quetiapina na redução dos sintomas comportamentais e psicológicos, particularmente delírios, alucinações, agressividade e distúrbios do sono na DA, porém os efeitos colaterais associados (sonolência, sedação e efeitos extrapiramidais) podem superar os possíveis benefícios. Alguns estudos não encontraram vantagem significativa da Quetiapina sobre o placebo, bem como apresentaram divergências em relação a avaliação de mudanças da função cognitiva. Conclusão: a Quetiapina pode ser eficaz para o tratamento dos SCPD em pacientes com DA, quando prescrita em doses baixas e por um curto período, devendo-se monitorar os pacientes. Porém, há necessidade de estudos isolados com a Quetiapina em pacientes portadores de DA e a Atenção Farmacêutica voltada para o paciente com DA deve ser direcionada no sentido de manutenção da dignidade e autoestima, devendo ser destinada ao idoso, ao seu acompanhante, familiar, cuidador e, ainda, ao médico prescritor e demais profissionais de saúde envolvidos diretamente na assistência à saúde. Portanto, a Atenção farmacêutica pode beneficiar tanto o paciente quanto o cuidador, ao reduzir custos, melhor as prescrições, promover maior adesão do paciente ao tratamento e controlar a possibilidade de reações adversas.
Osvrt na dio sadržaja čitanke Wars, Divisions, Integration 1990-2008, koji se odnosi na rat u Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini
Authors: Nazor Ante
Published: March 2020

Kritički prikaz
Jere Jareb (3. svibnja 1922. – 21. studenoga 2017.)
Authors: Jareb Mario
Published: March 2020

In memoriam: Jere Jareb
Milan Puh, Rafael Padula Maradei, Roger Cavalherio Silva, Croácia no Brasil até 1918: Primeira fase de imigração/ Hrvatska u Brazilu do 1918.: Prva faza useljavanja (São Paulo: Croatia Sacra Paulistana, 2017), dvojezično izdanje, 320 str.
Authors: Godić Darjan
Published: March 2020

Prikaz knjige
Efektivitas Pelayanan Administrasi di Pemerintahan Nagari Lubuk Gadang Timur Kecamatan Sangir Kabupaten Solok Selatan
Authors: Syofianto Ridho , Lanin Dasman , Megriasti Lince
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pelayanan administrasi di Kantor Wali Nagari Lubuk Gadang Timur. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Adapun informan pada penelitian ini yaitu Wali Nagari Lubuak Gadang Timur beserta perangkat Nagari Lubuak Gadang Timur, dan masyarakat yang pernah Berurusan di kantor wali nagari Lubuk Gadang Timur. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut dapat dikatakan bahwa efektivitas pelayanan administrasi pada Pemerintahan Nagari Lubuk Gadang Timur sudah jelas dan mudah dimengerti oleh masyarakat yang membutuhkan pelayanan administrasi, dan untuk jangka waktu dalam penyelesaian pelayanan administrasi di kantor Wali Nagari Lubuk Gadang Timur belum dapat terselesaikan dengan tepat waktu karena faktor fasilitas pelayanan administrasi yang masih kurang memadai, seperti komputer dan mesin ketik hanya satu unit dan pada setiap pelayanan administrasi tidak ada pungutan biaya atau tarif pelayanan administrasi. Faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pelayanan administrasi pada Pemerintahan Nagari Lubuk Gadang Timur: a) Tidak tepatnya waktu dalam penyelesaian pelayanan administrasi. b) Kurang memadainya sarana dan prasarana. c) Kurangnya tanggungjawab petugas dalam memberikan pelayanan.
Shifting Teaching and Learning in Online Learning Spaces: An Investigation of a Faculty Online Teaching and Learning Initiative
Authors: Richardson Jayson W. , Hollis Ericka , Pritchard Mikah , Novosel-Lingat John Eric M.
Published: March 2020

We examined the adoption of online teaching strategies by faculty members at a large midwestern research university who participated in a year-long learning community. The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to investigate changes in teaching approaches resulting from a year-long e-learning professional development initiative; and 2) to understand the perceptions of factors that influenced faculty members’ decision to adopt online or hybrid teaching approaches. The analysis was based on survey data and semi-structured interviews. Barriers, challenges, and successes to the adoption of online teaching strategies are also described in this article.
Using Structured Pair Activities in a Distributed Online Breakout Room
Authors: Saltz Jeffrey , Heckman Robert
Published: March 2020

With the increasing availability of synchronous video-based breakout rooms within online courses, there is a growing need to understand how to best leverage this technology for enhanced online education. To help address this challenge, this paper reports on a case study that explored student activity within online video-based breakout rooms via a Structured Paired Activity (SPA) methodology. SPA, which is adapted from the concept of Paired Programming, defines a general way to structure roles and activities for the participants within the breakout room. Initial qualitative results suggest that the use of SPA in online breakout rooms increases student engagement and process effectiveness. These results are potentially applicable to a broad range of web-based synchronous online courses.
In Her Own Voice: Charmayne D'Souza
Authors: Sahrish Fatima , Shamim Dr. Amna
Published: March 2020

The present paper aims to study Charmayne D'Souza's one and only volume of poetry, A Spelling Guide to Woman. Her poetry shows texture of western feminism where she expresses the radical self of a reformist kind with the strong belief of an iconoclast. Poetry is a two-way process for D'Souza. She uses poetry for not only verbalizing 'personal as political' but also for making the public as personal and as a medium to resist codification of patriarchal discourses. Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex has stated that each consciousness defines itself as subject by defining the other consciousness as object. A woman is a paragon of oppressed consciousness, an object in the male psyche. Patriarchy controls the lives of women. Germaine Greer, in this context, has said that patriarchy makes women eunuch. It castrates women making them deprived of subjection and treat them as a mere object.
Variations and Changes in Language Acqisition in Children
Authors: S D Sudeep
Published: March 2020

Children acquire language spontaneously without being explicitly taught how. Their mastery of sounds passes through stages determined by a progression from unmarked to more marked sounds, unmarked ones also being those most commonly found in languages and least likely to erode over time, as discovered by founding linguist Roman Jakobson. Their mastery of other aspects of grammar proceeds along with their ability to master rules, rather than simply memorize.

 It was once thought that children learned to speak simply by imitating adults: They hear adults saying words, and then they pick up words. However, modern linguists have found that it is something apparently innate to the species, and thus it proceeds according to basic aspects of linguistic structure.

Most children start producing words from a time between the age eight and twelve months. Many children have ten words in their vocabulary at the age of fifteen months. They gradually pick up speed from that point onwards. An eighteen month old child may learn only one or two new words a day; whereas a four year old will acquire a dozen. Children do not just master a basket of words and expressions. There’s something more constrained and systematic going on. Words are just empty shells. There is no point in learning a new word if they don’t learn its meaning. Children are remarkably good at this too. They are able to learn a word’s meaning at the first time they hear it used. For instance; a child sees a cow running in a field and hear his/her mother say “cow” the child typically will figure out the right way that the word refers to the animal; not to its colour, or to its legs or to the fact that its running.
A Lexical Analysis of Words Signifying Happiness in Dickens' Novel Oliver Twist
Authors: Alwan Zainab Hussein
Published: March 2020

Being a transient state, happiness extends from the highest degree of pleasure to the lowest one. It differs from one person to another. Lexically, happiness can be fulfilled by using certain words that are used to describe this feeling. The existing study tries tofind answers for the subsequent queries:

What are the most common words uttered to express happiness in Dickens' novel Oliver Twist?

Is there a distinction between happiness and other negative feelings in the texts above?

Do they all have the same indications of happiness?

     This paper aims at:

Examining the semantic aspects of words denoting happiness in Dickens' novel Oliver Twist.

Identifying the correlation between happiness and other negative feelings in the text above.

3.Investigating the implied meaning of that words used in this particular novel.
KAJIAN POLA PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DAN STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH KEPESISIRAN PURWOREJO
Authors: Kharisma Gaby Nanda , Ghiffari Rizky Adriadi , Surono Surono , Busrah Zulfitrani , Effendy Zulhan , Khakim Nurul
Published: March 2020

AbstractPurworejo is a regency on the southern coast of Java has a potential resource but due to the aspect of disaster risk, this regency is also classified in the disaster risk assessment index class starting from the low, middle and high classes. The research objective is to examine the physical characteristics and land use patterns of coastal areas in Purworejo Regency, Central Java to then determine the coastal area strategy in the area. The location of the study is Munggangsari Beach, Grabag District, Purworejo Regency, Central Java Province. The methods used in this study include literature studies, remote sensing, field surveys (observation and measurement), and interviews. From the results of data and image analysis, there was an increase in livestock and pond fisheries activities in the Purworejo Coastal area from 2006 to 2014. The existence of these activities has the potential to harm the surrounding environment, one of which is groundwater quality. Whereas land use in the form of vacant and physical land generally decreases in area. This shows that from 2006 - 2016 there was high population pressure. Policy, technical capacity (early warning system procurement) is needed for the institution and strong emergency response mechanism in its application.Keywords: Purworejo, Coastal Region, Disaster risk, Remote Sensing, Early Warning System AbstrakPurworejo sebagai kabupaten yang berada di wilayah kepesisiran selatan Pulau Jawa memiliki potensi sumberdaya tetapi bila ditinjau dari aspek risiko bencana kabupaten ini juga terkasifikasi pada kelas indeks kajian risiko bencana mulai dari kelas rendah, menengah, dan tinggi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji karakteristik fisik dan pola penggunaan lahan wilayah kepesisiran Kabupaten Purworejo, Jawa Tengah untuk kemudian menentukan strategi wilayah kepesisiran pada daerah tersebut. Lokasi kajian yakni Pantai Munggangsari, Kecamatan Grabag, Kabupaten Purworejo, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi studi literatur, penginderaan jauh, survei lapangan (pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung), dan wawancara. Dari hasil analisis data dan citra terjadi peningkatan aktivitas peternakan dan perikanan tambak di wilayah Pesisir Purworejo dari tahun 2006 hingga 2014. Adanya aktivitas kegiatan tersebut berpotensi memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan sekitar salah satunya terhadap kualitas airtanah. Sedangkan untuk penggunaan lahan berupa tanah kosong dan gisik pada umumnya terjadi penurunan luasan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan dari tahun 2006 – 2016 terjadi tekanan penduduk yang tinggi. Dibutuhkan kebijakan, kapasitas teknis (pengadaan sistem peringatan dini) pada lembaga serta mekanisme penanganan darurat bencana yang kuat dalam pengaplikasiannya.Kata Kunci: Purworejo, Wilayah Kepesisiran, Risiko bencana, Penginderaan Jauh, EWS
EDITORIAL: Free speech in Fiji
Authors: Robie David
Published: March 2020

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart informa tion and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.- Article 19, Universal Declaration of Human Rights

When military strongman Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama staged his creeping coup d’état on 5 December 2006—Fiji’s fourth in two decades—he was quick to declare: ‘We will uphold media freedom’ (cited in Foster, 2007). Barely two and a half years later, when he finished off the job with a putsch—dubbed ‘coup 4.5’ by some—and after having expelled three publishers, two New Zealand diplomats and five journalists over the intervening period, he told Radio New Zealand freedom of speech ‘causes trouble’ and must be curbed to allow the military government do its work (Bainimarama: Free speech ‘causes trouble’, 15 April 2009).
Drawing fire
Authors: Evans Malcolm
Published: March 2020

While cartoonists at a ‘Cartoons for Peace’ conference generally claimed that freedom of expression was a byword in their respective newspapers, many, in the same breath, identified the cartoon work of others that they would not dare submit. This divergence, argues the author in this commentary, suggests that cartoon taste and acceptability are based on learned or innate cultural traits and sensibilities and that self-censorship perhaps plays a bigger role in the thinking of cartoonists than many might admit, or even realise. So just as one man’s terrorist is another’s freedom fighter, so the attitudes of cartoonists are likely to have a similar range.
Noted: Primer migrates online
Authors: Middleton Julie
Published: March 2020

The trio of books dubbed The News Manual, which grew out of a search in the mid-1980s for resources for University of Paua New Guinea students, were published in 1991 with backing from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).      

Thorough and clear guide to basic reporting skills, including ethics, the law, and English grammar, their 700 pages formed an important resource in a region where only a lucky few got tertiary training, let alone specialised journalism coaching, and were (still are) often plucked from a short secondary school career and thrown in the deep end.
Iconic war imagery
Authors: Robie David
Published: March 2020

The Paris-based global media freedom group Reporters sans frontières has carved out an innovative niche for its brand of fund-raising books in defence of the endangered journalist species. The latest addition is another fine collector's item— 100 iconic war and social disorder imagery from Britsh photo-journalist Don McCullin.
Significant social documentary examines PNG missionary
Authors: Marbrook Jim
Published: March 2020

Papa Bilong Chimbu is Verena Thomas' affectionate examination of the life of her great uncle John Nilles. Father Nilles was a German missionary who worked in the highlands of Papua New Guinea for more than 50 years. Thomas steers us through Father Nilles' career and life as we return with her to the Chimbu region to meet his friends, parishioners, those who converted, educated and supported.
'Impartial'? No, this is a tribute to a people's suffering
Authors: Robie David
Published: March 2020

Kunda Dixit is a remarkable journalist innovator. He has been one of the visionary writers who have beeen able to make sense of development journalism and development communication theory and translate this into practice. A decade before this book, his Dateline.Earth: Journalism.as.if.the.planet.mattered (1996) became a sought after classic and should be in every South Pacific newsroom (but is actually in very few).
Noted: The politics of media control in Southeast Asia
Authors: Kolesova Elena
Published: March 2020

Jonathan Woddier's new book stands out not only as a well-crafted, naunced, and very informative book about the revelations between media and political changes in Southeast Asia, but as a book that challenges our perceptions of the democratising character of the media in this region.
Journalists and aid workers – an ambivalent relationship
Authors: Westphal Florian
Published: March 2020

Commentary: The relationship between the news media and humanitarians remains extremely important as both play a key role in terms of shaping of what we know and how we experience armed conflicts of which most of us have no first-hand knowledge. By shaping public perceptions, these two actors also influence the actions taken by governments and the international community to put an end to or alleviate the suffering caused by wars. Yet, as this keynote address at the Reporting Wars conferences in Sydney and Wellington in May 2009 seeks to explain, there is nothing automatic about this process.
Responsible media: Learning to survive the world’s difficult, remote and hostile environments
Authors: Filer Shaun
Published: March 2020

What should be considered ‘adequate’ preparation and support for journalists and media workers in difficult, remote and hostile environments? One would assume there would be numerous sources of feedback and contributions measuring the suitability of the training, as well as providing information regarding what improvements are necessary to ensure journalists are provided the best possible pre-deployment preparation. However, after working and observing developments in this area over several years, three main issues have presented themselves. First, there is little investigation or analysis being conducted into these training programmes. Second, there are few independent organisations working to standardise the training and support provided to journalists. Finally, the extent of training and support to the local correspondents, fixers and stringers in developing countries, that most international media organisation depend on in these locations, has become an unfortunate casualty of shrinking international news budgets.
Noted: The case for crisis communication
Authors: Henson Donna
Published: March 2020

This handbooks presents a timely contribution to the growing body of literature on crisis communication. Premised on the belief that the study of crisis communication deserves recognition as a discipline distinct from public relations and corporate communications, this text serves as an early assertion of independence.
The Pacific right to know in the Digital Age
Authors: Herman Francis
Published: March 2020

Commentary: The explosion of mobile telephony in some islands of the South Pacific has literally connected our peoples to the rest of the world and opened up access to a wide variety of information. While there are some who view this expansion as a huge threat to the traditional media, the ongoing development and expansion of this technology presents the traditional media with enormous opportunities to reach a wider audience at basically little cost. But of course there is also a financial cost to the consumer, which in the case of the South Pacific can be a significant issue.
Pacific freedom of the press: Case studies in independent campus-based media models
Authors: Robie David
Published: March 2020

South Pacific university-based journalism school publications were innovative newspaper publishers from 1975 onwards and among early pioneers of online publishing in the mid-1990s. Several publications have become established long-term with viable economic models and have had an impact on Oceania’s regional independent publishing. All have been advocates of a free press and freedom of expression under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Among early trendsetters were Uni Tavur, Liklik Diwai in Papua New Guinea, and Wansolwara and Pacific Journalism Online in Fiji. Wansolwara and its online edition was also the flagbearer for independent publishing under the pressure of two coups d’état in 2000 and 2006 in Fiji. All newspapers have contended with censorship in various forms. Now Wansolwara has embarked on a publishing partnership with a leading post-coup Fiji daily newspaper. This article analyses the independent media published by communication studies educational programmes in Fiji and Papua New Guinea. It examines how a variety of niche publishing formula have boosted independent coverage and issues-based journalism on wide-ranging topics such as human rights, news media facing censorship and freedom of information.
Political Parties in the Epoch of Postmodernity
Authors:   Penza State University, Alyokhin Eduard Vladimirovich , Valdman Yana Dmitrievna ,   Penza State University
Published: March 2020

The study proposes the author’s concept of trans-formations which traditional political institutions undergo, and first of all, the parties in a new epoch which is called postmodernity. The presented con-cept is based on the previous research related to defining such concepts as social subject, pseudo-subject and social substrate. The analysis of chang-es which take place in political institutions im-plies the use of an interdisciplinary approach when a party is considered as a unique social system having both a micro- and macrosocial structure. The study examines in detail these elements of a party and their evolution through various epochs. There are made conclusions that such transformations are similar to social mutations that party organizations underwent during the period of a postmodernity triumph at first in the Western countries, and later throughout the globalized world. The party-building in modern Russia is considered, there are identified its main features in the context of postmodern con-cepts of political simulacra. The study presents the analysis of the actual conflict in the core of the Western world, i.e., in the USA, connected with the lack of a bipartisan consensus on the crucial issues of domestic and external policy of the leading world power. The considered conflict is interpreted in ac-cordance with the author’s concept of transfor-mation of parties as systems in the conditions of collapse of classical institutions of the political sys-tem of the modernist epoch.
Model for Improving the Institution of Exemption from Criminal Liability in the Criminal Law of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Kuban State University, Kuzmina Oksana Nikolayevna
Published: March 2020

The paper discusses promising ways for improving the set of rules governing exemption from criminal liability in modern domestic criminal law. The author highlights that an additional study of the mentioned institute has revealed a number of shortcomings both in terms of the given legislative form and the internal regulatory content. The criteria for distin-guishing types of exemption is proposed in the study, the necessity of introducing new types of exemption from criminal liability (in particular, in connection with the abolition or amendment of the criminal law, on bail) is justified, as well as the mod-ernization which is already regulated in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Specific proposals have been formulated to introduce a number of leg-islative developments. As a result, a theoretical model for optimizing the criminal law in the referred part is constructed.
Disintegration of the Yugoslav Federation – historical lessons for Ukraine
Authors:   Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, Fadeyeva Inna Avenirovna
Published: March 2020

The paper discusses the historical experience of the disintegration of the Yugoslav Federation in terms of the possibility of using it for resolving the conflict in Ukraine. The background of tension in the Balkan Peninsula related to the inability of authoritarian regimes to solve the pressing problems of social development, the gradual development of social self-organization structures, the arrival of new gen-erations, the needs of national minorities for self-determination and independence in decision-making has been studied in detail. Also, parallels were drawn with the current situation in Ukraine, which made it possible to identify common and distinctive features in the development and resolution of the crisis in two countries. Certainly, similar prerequi-sites for the emergence of conflicts are internal fac-tors: economic instability, violation of basic human rights, stable crisis phenomena in all spheres of life, the emergence of autonomous separatist entities. In addition, the levers and mechanisms that were acti-vated by the new Balkan countries – the republics of the former Yugoslavia to overcome the consequenc-es of the conflict are highlighted. According to the results of the study, priority actions were identified that Ukraine should take to overcome the systemic crisis of power-public relations, stop violence, restore sustainable economic growth and respect the rights of peoples to a free choice of language, conditions of existence and development.
Heritabilitas, variabilitas dan analisis kekerabatan genetik pada 15 genotip pisang (Musa paradisiaca) varietas ambon asal Jawa Barat berdasarkan karakter morfologi di Jatinangor
Authors: Ismail Ade , Wicaksana Noladhi , Daulati Z.
Published: March 2020

Heritabilitas, variabilitas, dan kekerabatan dari suatu populasi sangat penting dalam pera-kitan kultivar unggul pisang. Parameter genetik tersebut merupakan langkah awal dalam suatu kegiatan seleksi pada populasi pisang ambon ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi nilai hertitabilitas, variabilitas, dan hubungan kekerabatan 15 genotip pisang ambon. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan metode eksperimen dengan tata ruang Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan ulangan dua kali. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Unpad Jatinangor, dengan ketinggian 753 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai heritabilitas pada semua karakter 15 genotip pisang ambon memiliki nilai yang rendah yang artinya bahwa lingkungan berpengaruh besar terhadap pertum-buhan dan perkembangan tanaman pisang, sedangkan pengaruh genetiknya kecil. Variabilitas genetik yang luas terlihat pada karakter lebar helai daun dan rhizoma (anakan). Sedangkan variabilitas genetik yang sempit terdapat pada karakter panjang petiole. Karakter lebar helai daun dan rhizoma (anakan) dapat mempermudah efektifnya program seleksi. Kemudian pada analisis kekerabatan genetik dari ke-15 genotip pisang ambon asal Jawa Barat, hanya genotip AB13 yang memiliki kekerabatan genetik yang jauh dari genotip lain, berdasarkan jarak koefisien Euclidian dalam karakter kualitatif.Kata kunci: Analisis kekerabatan genetik ∙ Heritabilitas ∙ Jawa Barat ∙ Pisang ambon ∙ variabilitas
Pengaruh keberadaan gulma (Ageratum conyzoides dan Boreria alata) terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga ukuran varietas kedelai (Glycine max L. Merr) pada percobaan pot bertingkat
Authors: Kilkoda Abdul Karim , Nurmala Tati , Widayat Dedi
Published: March 2020

Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran,  Jati-nangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji eksudat akar yang terdapat pada gulma Ageratum conyzoides dan Borreria alata terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai. Percobaan dilakukan mulai dari bulan Oktober 2014 sampai dengan bulan Desember 2014 dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial. Faktor perlakuan pertama adalah jenis gulma terdiri dari 3 taraf antara lain gulma A. Conyzoides, gulma  B. alata dan tanpa gulma (kontrol). Perlakuan kedua adalah ukuran benih varietas kedelai yang terdiri dari 3 taraf. Total kombinasi perlakuan adalah 9 kombinasi perlakuan, dengan 3 kali ulangan, sehingga diperoleh 27 perlakuan. Rancangan perlakuan adalah Tanpa Gulma + varietas Gepak Kuning (benih ukuran kecil);  Tanpa Gulma + varietas Gema (benih ukuran sedang); Tanpa Gulma + varietas Grobogan (benih ukuran besar); Gulma A. conyzoides + Gepak kuning (benih ukuran kecil);  Gulma A. conyzoides + Gema  (benih ukuran sedang);  Gulma A. conyzoides + Grobogan (benih ukuran besar); Gulma B. alata + Gepak kuning (benih ukuran kecil); Gulma B. alata + Gema (benih ukuran sedang);  Gulma B. alata + Grobogan (benih ukuran besar). Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa hampir sebagian besar parameter yang diamati pada komponen pertumbuhan memperlihatkan pengaruh perlakuan ukuran benih varietas yang dicobakan tidak berbeda nyata, kecuali pada pengamatan jumlah daun 8 mst komponen pertumbuhan, dimana varietas Grobogan mempunyai jumlah daun yang lebih banyak dibandingkan kedua jenis varietas lainnya, begitupun pada pengaruh interaksi hanya terdapat pada parameter tinggi tanaman pengamatan 8 mst. Kata kunci : Gulma ∙ Ageratum conyzoides ∙ Borreria alata ∙ Pertumbuhan ∙ Hasil
Pengaruh berbagai dosis pupuk silika organik dan tingkat kekerasan biji terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman hanjeli pulut (Coix lacryma- Jobi.L) genotip 37”.
Authors: Nurmala Tati , Yuniarti Anni , Syahfitri N.
Published: March 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dosis silika organik dan tingkat kekerasan biji yang dapat memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman hanjeli pulut (Coix lacryma- Jobi.L). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2015 sampai dengan bulan Mei 2016 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan, yaitu: Kontrol; Silika dosis (4,50 g/tanaman); (9,00 g/tanaman); (13,50 g/tanaman); (18,00 g/tanaman); (22,50 g/tanaman), sehingga diperoleh 24 petak percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, perlakuan tanpa pupuk silika organik berpengaruh terhadap biomassa total tanaman hanjeli, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan dan indeks luas daun tanaman hanjeli. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan dengan pupuk silika organik pada dosis 9,00 g/tanaman, 13,50 g/tanaman dan 22,50 g/tanaman  memberikan hasil yang sama dengan perlakuan tanpa pupuk silika pada biomassa tanaman total. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara rendemen biji pecah kulit dengan kekerasan biji (r=0,26). Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa setiap peningkatan rendemen biji pecah kulit, akan diikuti kenaikan kekerasan biji. Kata kunci: Hanjeli (Coix lacryma- Jobi.L), pupuk silika organik, dosis pupuk.
Efikasi herbisida oksifluorfen 240 g/l untuk mengendalikan gulma pada budidaya padi sawah (Oryza sativa L)
Authors: Umiyati Uum
Published: March 2020

Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah menguji keefektifan dari herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dalam mengendalikan gulma umum pada budidaya padi sawah sistem pindah tanam. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Pertanian Desa Barepan Kecamatan Plumbon Kabupaten Cirebon.  Waktu pelaksanaan percobaan dimulai dari bulan  Mei – Agustus 2016. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Untuk menguji nilai tengah perlakuan yang berbeda digunakan uji lanjut Duncan pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 %. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 1.2 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 1.8 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 2.4 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 3 l/ha, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dosis 3.6 l/ha, penyiangan manual dan kontrol. Hasil Pengamatan bahwa Herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l efektif mengendalikan gulma dominan dan gulma co dominan pada tanaman padi.  Gulma dominan seperti spesies gulma Fimbristylis miliacea, gulma co dominan seperti Ludwegia perrennis, Monochoria vaginalis, Echinochloa colona dan Leptochloa sinensis, dan gulma lainnya sampai pengamatan 7 MSA dengan kisaran dosis 1.2 – 3.6 l/ha l/ha. Herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dari  kisaran dosis 1,2  l/ha sampai dosis 3.6 l/ha hingga pengamatan 3 MSA tidak memperlihatkan gejala keracunan pada tanaman padi.  Herbisida Oksifluorfen 240 g/l pada dosis 3.6 l/ha menunjukkan tinggi tanaman yaitu 94,23 cm. Herbisida Bellmac 240 EC dengan bahan aktif  Oksifluorfen 240 g/l dengan kisaran dosis 2.4 l/ha – 3.6 l/ha menunjukkan rata-rata berat  kering panen gabah sebesar 15,21 – 15,38 Kg gabah kering /petak.  Kata Kunci : efikasi, Oksifluorfen 240 g/l, gulma, padi sawah
Pengaruh kerapatan naungan dan frekuensi penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (BLANCO) Airy Shaw)
Authors: Audina Nadiyah Mia , Maxiselly Yudithia , Rosniawaty Santi
Published: March 2020

Intensitas cahaya matahari dan penyiraman tanaman memegang peranan penting dalam proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman serta merupakan bahan baku proses fotosintesis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kerapatan naungan dan frekuensi penyiraman yang optimal terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kemiri sunan. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di kebun percobaan Ciparanje, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian tempat 725 meter di atas permukaan laut pada bulan November 2015 sampai Januari 2016. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terbagi dengan empat ulangan. Petak utama adalah perlakuan kerapatan naungan yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu: tanpa naungan, naungan 35% dan naungan 25%. Anak petak adalah perlakuan frekuensi penyiraman yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu: sehari sekali, dua hari sekali dan tiga hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara kerapatan naungan dengan frekuensi penyiraman terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kemiri sunan. Tidak terdapat pengaruh mandiri terbaik dari faktor kerapatan naungan, namun terdapat pengaruh mendiri terbaik dari faktor frekuensi penyiraman yaitu pada taraf satu hari sekali dilihat dari komponen pertumbuhan diameter batang, jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, indeks luas daun, bobot basah dan bobot kering kemiri sunan.Kata kunci : Kemiri Sunan, Frekuensi Penyiraman, Naungan