bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of a Brief Engagement, Problem-Solving, and Triage Strategy for High School Students: Results of a Randomized Study
Authors: Bruns Eric J. , Lee Kristine , Davis Chayna , Pullmann Michael D. , Ludwig Kristy , Sander Mark , Holm-Hansen Cheryl , Hoover Sharon , McCauley Elizabeth M.
Published: March 2023

Schools offer an advantageous setting for the prevention, early identification, and treatment of mental health problems for youth. However, school mental health (SMH) services are typically not based on evidence for effectiveness, nor are they efficiently delivered, with SMH practitioners (SMHPs) able to only treat a small number of students in need. The current study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, efficiency, and outcomes of a four-session assessment, engagement, problem-solving, and triage strategy for SMHPs that aimed to improve efficiency while being based on elements of evidence-based care. The study, conducted in 15 US school districts in three states, used stratified random assignment to assign 49 high schools and their participating SMHP(s) to either the Brief Intervention for School Clinicians (BRISC; N = 259 students) or services as usual (SAU; N = 198 students). SMHPs implemented BRISC elements with adequate to excellent fidelity and reported the strategy was feasible and well-aligned with presenting problems. Students assigned to BRISC reported significantly greater engagement in SMH at 2 months and completion of SMH treatment by 6 months. BRISC-assigned SMHPs reported significantly greater treatment completion after four sessions (53.4%) compared to SAU (15.4%). Students in the BRISC condition also reported significantly greater reduction in problem severity as evaluated by the Youth Top Problems Assessment. No differences were found for anxiety or depression symptoms or overall functioning. Results indicate that BRISC is a feasible early intervention and triage strategy that may aid in more efficient provision of SMH services with no compromise to SMH effectiveness.
Upscaling agroforestry in the tropics through actor-networks: a comparative case study of cacao farming systems in two regions of Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Tatiana , Bonatti Michelle , Löhr Katharina , Bravo Aura , Del Río Martha , Lana Marcos , Sieber Stefan
Published: March 2023

Agroforestry systems (AFS) upscaling has the potential to integrate sustainability and resilience objectives into agriculture. However, this is a daunting task requiring multi-actor collaboration across public and private sectors at multiple governance levels, coupled with innovative approaches to jointly managing AFS knowledge. Understanding such multi-actor interactions from a network perspective may help to unravel how social structures, created by relational patterns enhance or hinder AFS upscaling. Our paper aims to comparatively explore the role of regional actor-networks on AFS upscaling for a selected farming system. By conducting semi-structured interviews, we collected information about the ties of 86 actors supporting cacao agroforestry systems (CAFS) across two regions of Colombia. We use social network analysis (SNA) to comparatively visualize and understand the general structure of these networks, find relational patterns between the diverse categories of actors involved, and identify a set of key players bridging the majority of the actors within these networks. We find highly centralized networks that connect multiple actors by a low number of mostly non-reciprocal ties. Within these networks, we identify a predominance of bridging ties over bonding ties, homophily patterns among research and education institutions, and heterophily configurations among farmer-based organizations. We also find that the composition of the sets of key actors and the platforms where they converge varies substantially from region to region due to decentralized agricultural policies and differing characteristics across regions. Our approach provides key entry points for promoting multi-actor coalitions that can effectively expand the benefits of AFS in tropical agricultural systems.
Suicide risk among adolescents and young adults after cancer diagnosis: analysis of 34 cancer groups from 2009 to 2019
Authors: Michalek Irmina Maria , Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano , Wojciechowska Urszula , Didkowska Joanna
Published: March 2023

Purpose

We aimed to identify granular groups with an increased risk of suicide among adolescents and young adult (AYA) patients with a previous malignant neoplasm diagnosis.

Methods

We deployed a cohort of all cases of primary malignant neoplasms diagnosed between the 1st of January 2009 and the 31st of December 2019 among individuals aged 15–39 years registered in the Polish National Cancer Registry. To assess the risk of suicide in comparison with the general AYA population, we calculated sex–age–year standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

A total of 50,298 cancer patients (22,111 men and 28,187 women) were included in this study. The risk of suicide for AYA after cancer diagnosis was 2.39-fold higher than that for AYA in the general population (SMR 2.39, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.28). The risk in women (SMR 4.18, 95% CI 1.68 to 8.62) was higher than that in men (SMR 2.18, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.09). A significantly higher risk of suicide was observed in men with testicular cancer (SMR 2.46, 95% CI 1.37 to 4.05).

Conclusions

Polish AYA diagnosed with cancer had an almost 2.5-fold higher risk of suicide than the general AYA population. The particular risk group was men with testicular cancer within 2–3 and 5–10 years after cancer diagnosis.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

To better identify patients at risk of suicide, there is a need to create or adapt screening tools, educate cancer care providers and family physicians, and integrate psychological services into select cancer care specialties.
Associations Between Vocal Arousal and Dyadic Coping During Couple Interactions After a Stress Induction
Authors: Bulling Lisanne J. , Hilpert Peter , Bertschi Isabella C. , Ivic Ana , Bodenmann Guy
Published: March 2023

It is well known that although relationship external stressors can harm couples, dyadic coping behavior can buffer the negative effects of stress. Thus far, however, less is known about how vocally encoded stress (i.e.,f0) might affect the stress-coping process in couples during an interaction. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to compare two different stress hypotheses (i.e., paraverbal communication stress hypothesis and emotional resonance hypothesis). We observed 187 mixed-gender couples (N = 374 participants) interacting naturally after an experimental stress induction (Trier Social Stress Test), for which couples were randomly allocated into three groups (women stressed, men stressed, and both stressed). Results of a multi-group actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) show that either the paraverbal communication stress hypothesis or the emotional resonance hypothesis could be confirmed, depending on whether the man, the woman, or both partners were stressed.
Recent progress and perspective on batteries made from nuclear waste
Authors: Katiyar Nirmal Kumar , Goel Saurav
Published: March 2023

Sustainable energy sources are an immediate need to cope with the imminent issue of climate change the world is facing today. In particular, the long-lasting miniatured power sources that can supply energy continually to power handheld gadgets, sensors, electronic devices, unmanned airborne vehicles in space and extreme mining are some of the examples where this is an acute need. It is known from basic physics that radioactive materials decay over few years and some nuclear materials have their half-life until thousands of years. The past five decades of research have been spent harnessing the decay energy of the radioactive materials to develop batteries that can last until the radioactive reaction continues. Thus, an emergent opportunity of industrial symbiosis to make use of nuclear waste by using radioactive waste as raw material to develop batteries with long shelf life presents a great opportunity for sustainable energy resource development. However, the current canon of research on this topic is scarce. This perspective draws fresh discussions on the topic while highlighting future directions in this wealthy arena of research.

Graphical abstract

A long-lasting miniaturised nuclear battery utilising 14C radioactive isotope as fuel
A Saro Community in the Niger Delta, 1912-1984
Authors: Dixon-Fyle Mac
Published: March 2023

Using the history of the Potts-Johnsons, who lived in the Port Harcourt region of Nigeria from 1912-1984, as a case study, this book reviews the migration history of the Saro in the Niger River delta.
Fire in the Dark
Authors: Natoli Charles M.
Published: March 2023

The eight essays in Fire in the Dark frame and probe Pascal's underlying contention that the darkling, 'hidden' God of Christian revelation, though Himself a profound mystery, especially in the matter of his justice towards fallen mankind, can nonetheless be used to demystify questions that matter most to us.
Aspects of Unity in J. S. Bach's Partitas and Suites
Authors: Beach David
Published: March 2023

This work provides new insight into the inner workings of Bach's Partitas and Suites, establishing various ways in which the composer linked several movements of a suite to produce a unified effect.
Maritime Enterprise and Empire
Authors: Munro J. Forbes
Published: March 2023

The nineteenth-century roots of globalisation demonstrated through an account of the enterprise network created by the Scottish merchant, William Mackinnon.
British Supporters of the American Revolution, 1775-1783
Authors: Cohen Sheldon S.
Published: March 2023

America's Declaration of Independence, while endeavouring to justify a break with Great Britain, simultaneously proclaimed that the colonists had not been 'wanting in attention to our British brethren', but that they had 'been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity'. This overstatement has since been modified in comprehensive histories of the American Revolution. Gradually a more balanced portrait of British attitudes towards the conflict has emerged. In particular, studies of pro-American Britons have exemplified this fact by concentrating on only a small upper-class minority.

In contrast, this work focuses on five unrenowned men of Britain's 'middling orders'. These individuals actively endeavoured to aid the American cause. Their efforts, often unlawful, brought them into contact with Benjamin Franklin, for whom they befriended rebel seamen confined in British gaols. Their stories - rendered here - open up new areas for study of the American War on this middling segment of Britain's social structure.
Perception and Action in Medieval Europe
Authors: Kleinschmidt Harald
Published: March 2023

Study of the changing nature of the perception of an action and the action itself, and how thought-processes altered radically in the middle ages.
Eskers associated with buried glaciers in Mars' mid latitudes: recent advances and future directions
Authors: Butcher Frances E. G. , Arnold Neil S. , Balme Matthew R. , Conway Susan J. , Clark Christopher D. , Gallagher Colman , Hagermann Axel , Lewis Stephen R. , Rutledge Alicia M. , Storrar Robert D. , Woodley Savana Z.
Published: March 2023

Until recently, the influence of basal liquid water on the evolution of buried glaciers in Mars' mid latitudes was assumed to be negligible because the latter stages of Mars' Amazonian period (3 Ga to present) have long been thought to have been similarly cold and dry to today. Recent identifications of several landforms interpreted as eskers associated with these young (100s Ma) glaciers calls this assumption into doubt. They indicate basal melting (at least locally and transiently) of their parent glaciers. Although rare, they demonstrate a more complex mid-to-late Amazonian environment than was previously understood. Here, we discuss several open questions posed by the existence of glacier-linked eskers on Mars, including on their global-scale abundance and distribution, the drivers and dynamics of melting and drainage, and the fate of meltwater upon reaching the ice margin. Such questions provide rich opportunities for collaboration between the Mars and Earth cryosphere research communities.
Perceptions of laboratory animal veterinarians regarding institutional transparency
Authors: Brunt Michael W , Weary Daniel M
Published: March 2023

Institutions using animals for research typically have a veterinarian who is responsible for the veterinary care programme and compliance with regulatory obligations. These veterinarians operate at the interface between the institution’s animal research programme and senior management. Veterinarians have strong public trust and are well positioned to share information about animals used for scientific purposes, but their perspectives on sharing information with the public are not well documented and their perceptions of transparency may influence how institutional policies are developed and applied. The objective of our study was to analyse the perceptions of institutional transparency among laboratory animal veterinarians working at different universities. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews were used to describe perceptions of 16 attending veterinarians relating to animal research transparency. Three themes were drawn from the interviews: (i) reflections on transparency; (ii) reflections on culture; and (iii) reflections on self. Veterinarians reflected on their personal priorities regarding transparency and when combined with barriers to change within the institutions, sometimes resulted in reported inaction. For example, sometimes veterinarians chose not to pursue available opportunities for change at seemingly willing universities, while others had their initiatives for change blocked by more senior administrators. The sharing of information regarding the animals used for scientific purposes varied in how it was conceptualised by attending veterinarians: (i) true transparency; communication of information for the sake of openness; (ii) strategic transparency; attempt to educate people about animal research because then they will support it; (iii) agenda-driven transparency; selective release of positive stories to direct public opinion; and (iv) fearful non-transparency; not communicating any information for fear of negative opposition to animal research. Transparency was not perceived as an institutional priority by many of the veterinarians and a cohesive action plan to increase transparency that involves multiple universities was identified as a promising avenue to overcome existing barriers.
Relative uniformly positive entropy of induced amenable group actions
Authors: LIU KAIRAN , WEI RUNJU
Published: March 2023

Let G be a countably infinite discrete amenable group. It should be noted that a G-system
$(X,G)$
naturally induces a G-system
$(\mathcal {M}(X),G)$
, where
$\mathcal {M}(X)$
denotes the space of Borel probability measures on the compact metric space X endowed with the weak*-topology. A factor map
$\pi : (X,G)\to (Y,G)$
between two G-systems induces a factor map
$\widetilde {\pi }:(\mathcal {M}(X),G)\to (\mathcal {M}(Y),G)$
. It turns out that
$\widetilde {\pi }$
is open if and only if
$\pi $
is open. When Y is fully supported, it is shown that
$\pi $
has relative uniformly positive entropy if and only if
$\widetilde {\pi }$
has relative uniformly positive entropy.
Experimental study on the oscillatory Kelvin–Helmholtz instability of a planar liquid sheet in the presence of axial oscillating gas flow
Authors: Jia Bo-qi , Xie Luo , Deng Xiang-dong , He Bo-shu , Yang Li-jun , Fu Qing-fei
Published: March 2023

The oscillatory Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) instability of a planar liquid sheet was experimentally investigated in the presence of an axial oscillating gas flow. An experimental system was initiated to study the oscillatory K–H instability. The surface wave growth rates were measured and compared with theoretical results obtained using the authors’ early linear method. Furthermore, in a larger parameter range experimentally studied, it is interesting that there are four different unstable modes: first disordered mode (FDM), second disordered mode (SDM), K–H harmonic unstable mode (KHH) and K–H subharmonic unstable mode (KHS). These unstable modes are determined by the oscillating amplitude, oscillating frequency and liquid inertia force. The frequencies of KHH are equal to the oscillating frequency; the frequency of KHS equals half the oscillating frequency, while the frequencies of FDM and SDM are irregular. By considering the mechanism of instability, the instability regime maps on the relative Weber number versus liquid Weber number (Werel–Wel) and the Weber number ratio versus the oscillating frequency (Werel/Wel–

$\varOmega$

s2) were plotted. Among these four modes, KHS is the most unexpected: the frequency of this mode is not equal to the oscillating frequency, but the surface wave can also couple with the oscillating gas flow. Linear instability theory was applied to divide the parameter range between the different unstable modes. According to linear instability theory, K–H and parametric unstable regions both exist. However, note that all four modes (KHH, KHS, FDM and SDM) corresponded primarily to the K–H unstable region obtained from the theoretical analysis. Nevertheless, the parametric unstable mode was also observed when the oscillating frequency and amplitude were relatively low, and the liquid inertia force was relatively high. The surface wave amplitude was small but regular, and the evolution of this wave was similar to that of Faraday waves. The wave oscillating frequency was half that of the surface wave.
Rosie the Riveter, Vera the Volunteer: Sexism, Racism, and Female Enlistment in World War II
Authors: Artiles Alexandra , Treneska Joana , Fahey Kevin , Atkinson Douglas B.
Published: March 2023

What influenced women to volunteer for service in the US military during World War II? Whereas previous literature focused on potential intrinsic and extrinsic individual-level motives, we consider the broader structural context that may have played a role in female volunteerism. We leverage original data containing information on all volunteers who served in the US Army during World War II, with detailed county-level economic, political, and demographic data, to explore patterns of female volunteerism in the military. Our findings suggest that racism and sexism played a role in female volunteerism in many parts of the country, which may have undermined the government’s goals of mobilizing the entire country in support of the war effort.
Community Place Initiatives post-austerity, and how a ‘civic’ School of Architecture might support them
Authors: Butterworth Carolyn , Schneider Tatjana , Šorn Maša
Published: March 2023

Austerity measures have been discussed widely since sweeping cuts have been made to local government budgets following the global financial crisis of 2007-08. More than a decade later, the impact of these measures on everyday lives of communities is still growing. We use the context of austerity to discuss our research in partnership with Community Place Initiatives in the city of Sheffield, UK, and to examine the approaches they use to attempt to overcome the shortcomings and challenges of precarity.

This article focuses on revealing the impacts that budget cuts have had and are still having, and speculates upon what these findings mean for the role that schools of architecture can play outside the academy. We draw on research conducted by Urban Education Live Sheffield - a team of researchers and educators from the School of Architecture, University of Sheffield in the UK, and the Department of Architecture, Technische Universität Braunschweig in Germany. The team is part of a broader international project, Urban Education Live (UEL), a multidisciplinary research project with partners from across Europe funded by the ERA-NET Cofund Smart Urban Futures (ENSUF) programme, established by the Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe.

Through a multi-modal ethnographic and design-led approach combining interviews, case studies, and ‘live’ pedagogy, we examine how Community Place Initiatives in Sheffield deal with a context that has fundamentally changed the ways in which they operate in, or in relation to, their place over the past decade. We explore how collaborations between these local partners and architectural researchers and students can be mutually beneficial within this context, in order to speculate upon how such collaborations can be more effective in their contribution to local place-based urban capacity building and future resilience.
Civil landscapes
Authors: Risser Rita Elizabeth
Published: March 2023

Drawing on philosophical writings ranging from the Enlightenment and the Romantics through to the contemporary world - including, among others, Rousseau, Hegel, and Thoreau - I explore the civil dimensions of Cornelia Hahn Oberlander’s gardens and landscape designs. I argue that Oberlander’s landscapes are not merely visual delights; they are civil, humanist works. I survey a selection of her designs, from collaborations with Arthur Erickson and Renzo Piano to her public housing projects and the playgrounds that she designed in-and-around her home of Vancouver, Canada. A secondary argument I make is that Oberlander’s gardens and landscapes are not merely aesthetic objects, but artworks, and they do the work of art as Hegel describes it: showing us something of our human spirit, and specifically our creative and political geist.
The Corrections Dilemma: Media Retractions Increase Belief Accuracy But Decrease Trust
Authors: Freitag Joshua , Gochee Madeline , Ransden Mitchell , Nyhan Brendan , Roschke Kristy , Gillmor Dan
Published: March 2023

Why are prominent news media retractions so rare? Using data from a survey experiment in which respondents view simulated Twitter newsfeeds, we demonstrate the dilemma facing news organizations that have published false information. Encouragingly, media retractions are effective at informing the public – they increase the accuracy of news consumers’ beliefs about the retracted reporting more than information from third parties questioning the original reporting or even the combination of the two. However, trust in the news outlet declines after a retraction, though this effect is small both substantively and in standardized terms relative to the increase in belief accuracy. This reputational damage persists even if the outlet issues a retraction before a third party questions the story. In a social media environment that frequently subjects reporting to intense scrutiny, the journalistic mission of news organizations to inform the public will increasingly conflict with organizational incentives to avoid admitting error.
Improved Extreme Rainfall Frequency Analysis Using a Two‐Step Kappa Approach
Authors: O’Shea Declan , Nathan Rory , Sharma Ashish , Wasko Conrad
Published: March 2023

Accurate estimation of annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs) of extreme rainfalls through rainfall frequency analysis is a critical step in engineering design for flood mitigation and disaster response. Here we show how the estimation of rainfall frequency curves can be improved by fitting a four‐parameter Kappa distribution to a peaks‐over‐threshold (POT) series. To fit the Kappa distribution to POT data we present a two‐step fitting approach based on maximum likelihood estimation which separately models storm intensity and the arrival frequency. First, a Generalized Pareto distribution (GPA) describing storm intensity is fitted, followed by a Binomial distribution for storm arrivals. We compare the performance of this two‐step Kappa approach to an analogous two‐step Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) approach and to Kappa and GEV distributions fitted to annual maxima series (AMS), using both synthetic and real‐world data representative of Australian climatic conditions. The experiments show that leveraging additional information from the POT series in the two‐step Kappa approach dramatically improves quantile estimation and reduces uncertainty compared to fitting either the GEV or the Kappa distributions to AMS, particularly for rare quantiles. When skew–kurtosis properties of extreme rainfalls are well represented by the Kappa but not the GEV, the two‐step Kappa approach yields unbiased quantiles under extrapolation, while the use of GEV can lead to highly biased estimates. From these results, we believe the two‐step Kappa approach is suitable for both at‐site and regional rainfall frequency analyses as it can accommodate distributions ranging from GPA to GEV without encountering over‐fitting problems generally associated with four‐parameter distributions.
Observational Evidence for the Influence of Diurnal Tide in Driving Winds in the Polar Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere
Authors: Dutta R. , Sridharan S.
Published: March 2023

The meteor radar wind observations over Esrange (67.9°N, 21.10°E) and Rothera (67.5°S, 68.1°W), located respectively in the northern and southern polar latitudes show seasonal variation in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (UMLT) winds with strong westward flow in the zonal wind and equatorward flow in the meridional wind during April‐September over Esrange and October‐February over Rothera. The semi‐diurnal tide shows larger amplitudes over Esrange than over Rothera. However, the diurnal tide (DT) shows comparable amplitudes in both stations. The DT amplitude decreases with height over both stations. Significant correlations between the DT amplitude and mean zonal wind (−0.74 for Esrange and −0.54 and −0.77 for Rothera) indicate the possible role of DT in driving the westward winds. The space‐time spectral analysis of the temperature obtained from the radiance observations of the SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) instrument on board the TIMED (Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics Dynamics) satellite reveals the summer maximum of migrating diurnal tide of zonal wavenumber 1 (DW1) over both 60°N and 60°S, indicating that the DT is mostly composed of DW1. These results suggest that the westward winds in the polar UMLT region are largely driven by the westward momentum contributed by the DW1 tide due to its interaction with the background wind.
An insight into the microphysical attributes of northwest Pacific tropical cyclones
Authors: Seela Balaji Kumar , Janapati Jayalakshmi , Lin Pay-Liam , Lee Meng-Tze
Published: March 2023

Northwestern Pacific (NWP) tropical cyclones (TCs) impose a severe threat to the life and economy of the people living in East Asian countries. The microphysical features, mainly the raindrop size distributions (RSD) of TCs that improve the modeling simulation and rainfall estimation algorithms, are limited to case studies, and an extensive understanding of TCs’ RSD is still scarce over the northwest Pacific. Here, we examine a comprehensive outlook on disparities in microphysical attributes of NWP TCs with radial distance and storm type, using sixteen years of disdrometer, ground-based radar, and reanalysis datasets in north Taiwan. We find that dominant stratiform precipitation in the inner rainbands leads to the occurrence of more bigger drops in the inner rainbands than the inner core and outer rainbands. Moreover, a decrease in mass-weighted mean diameter and rainfall rate with radial distance is associated with a reduction in moisture availability for various circumstances, and this association is deceptive in intense storms. Our findings give an insight into crucial processes governing microphysical inequalities in different regions of NWP TCs, with implications for the ground-based and remote-sensing rainfall estimation algorithms.
Tunable Dirac points in a two-dimensional non-symmorphic wallpaper group lattice
Authors: Herrera Miguel A. J. , Bercioux Dario
Published: March 2023

Non-symmorphic symmetries protect Dirac nodal lines and cones in lattice systems. Here, we investigate the spectral properties of a two-dimensional lattice belonging to a non-symmorphic group. Specifically, we look at the herringbone lattice, characterized by two sets of glide symmetries applied in two orthogonal directions. We describe the system using a nearest-neighbor tight-binding model containing horizontal and vertical hopping terms. We find two nonequivalent Dirac cones inside the first Brillouin zone along a high-symmetry path. We tune these Dirac cones’ positions by breaking the lattice symmetries using on-site potentials. These Dirac cones can merge into a semi-Dirac cone or unfold along a high-symmetry path. Finally, we perturb the system by applying a dimerization of the hopping terms. We report a flow of Dirac cones inside the first Brillouin zone describing quasi-hyperbolic curves. We present an implementation in terms of CO atoms placed on the top of a Cu(111) surface.
Experimental quantification of site-specific efficiency of Interatomic Coulombic Decay after inner shell ionization
Authors: Küstner-Wetekam Catmarna , Marder Lutz , Bloß Dana , Honisch Carolin , Kiefer Nils , Richter Clemens , Rubik Simon , Schaf Rebecca , Zindel Christina , Förstel Marko , Gokhberg Kirill , Knie André , Hergenhahn Uwe , Ehresmann Arno , Kolorenč Přemysl , Hans Andreas
Published: March 2023

Interatomic Coulombic Decay (ICD) and related interatomic and intermolecular autoionization mechanisms are ubiquitous decay processes of excited atoms and molecules in an environment. It is commonly accepted that the efficiency of ICD of an ionized atom in a cluster increases with an increasing number of nearest neighbors. Here, we present a method for experimental validation of this assumption by a site-specific and quantitative comparison of ICD and its main competitor, Auger decay, in core-level ionized Kr clusters. Our results are in quantitative agreement with scaled theoretical calculations on Kr2.
The influence of mantle hydration and flexure on slab seismicity in the southern Central Andes
Authors: Rodriguez Piceda Constanza , Gao Ya-Jian , Cacace Mauro , Scheck-Wenderoth Magdalena , Bott Judith , Strecker Manfred , Tilmann Frederik
Published: March 2023

Knowledge of the causative dynamics of earthquakes along subduction-zone interfaces and within oceanic slabs is relevant for improving future seismic hazard assessments. Here, we combine the analysis of seismic tomography, the 3D structure of the slab and seismicity to investigate the controlling factors driving slab seismic activity beneath the southern Central Andes. We evaluate the ratio distribution between compressional and shear-wave seismic velocities (Vp/Vs) as a proxy for the hydration state of the lithospheric mantle, oceanic slab, and plate interface. Regions of high Vp/Vs, i.e. areas of hydrated mantle, are principally caused by compaction effects and dehydration reactions. In contrast, slab seismicity in areas of low Vp/Vs and inferred lower fluid content in the overriding plate is facilitated by enhanced flexural stresses due to changes in the subduction angle of the oceanic plate. Plate-interface background seismicity correlates with areas of higher Vp/Vs (hydrous interface) at depths <50 km, while areas of most pronounced plate-locking coincide with regions of low Vp/Vs (anhydrous interface). The regions of anhydrous plate interface are likely candidates for future great megathrust events due to their higher potential for elastic energy accumulation compared to more hydrated regions.
Chemolithotrophic biosynthesis of organic carbon associated with volcanic ash in the Mariana Trough, Pacific Ocean
Authors: Li Taisi , Li Jiwei , Longman Jack , Zhang Zhe-Xuan , Qu Yuangao , Chen Shun , Bai Shijie , Dasgupta Shamik , Xu Henchao , Ta Kaiwen , Liu Shuangquan , Peng Xiaotong
Published: March 2023

Volcanic ash is a major component of marine sediment, but its effect on the deep-sea carbon cycle remains enigmatic. Here, we analyzed mineralogical compositions and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) membrane lipids in submarine tuffs from the Mariana Trough, demonstrating a fraction of organic carbon associated with volcanic ash is produced in situ. This likely derives from chemolithotrophic communities supported by alteration of volcanic material. Tuff GDGTs are characterized by enrichment of branched GDGTs, as in chemolithotrophic communities. Scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrum and nano secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis demonstrates organic carbon exists around secondary heamatite veins in the altered mafic minerals, linking mineral alteration to chemolithotrophic biosynthesis. We estimate organic carbon production of between 0.7 − 3.7 × 1011 g if all the chemical energy produced by ash alteration was fully utilized by microorganisms. Therefore, the chemolithotrophic ecosystem maintained by ash alteration likely contributes considerably to organic carbon production in the seafloor.
Last deglacial abrupt climate changes caused by meltwater pulses in the Labrador Sea
Authors: You Defang , Stein Ruediger , Fahl Kirsten , Williams Maricel C. , Schmidt Daniela N. , McCave Ian Nicholas , Barker Stephen , Schefuß Enno , Niu Lu , Kuhn Gerhard , Niessen Frank
Published: March 2023

Freshwater perturbations are often thought to be associated with abrupt climate changes during the last deglaciation, while many uncertainties remain regarding the exact timing, pathway, mechanism, and influence of meltwater release. Here, we present very well-dated and high-resolution records from the eastern Labrador Sea representing the last 19.000 years, which demonstrate abrupt changes in sea surface characteristics. Four millennial-scale meltwater events have been identified between the last 14.000 and 8.200 years based on independent biomarker proxies and X-ray fluorescence scanning data. These events are characterized by increased sea ice formation and decreased sea surface temperatures which might have occurred within a few decades. We propose these abrupt changes were triggered by meltwater pulsing into the Labrador Sea periodically, resulting from collapse of the Laurentide-Greenland Ice Sheets caused by (sub-)surface ocean warming in the Labrador Sea. Our findings provide more precise information about impact of freshwater forcing on abrupt climate changes, which may help to improve simulations for past and future changes in ocean circulation and climate.
Effective tailoring of the MoS2 layer number on the surface of CdS nanorods for boosting hydrogen production rate
Authors: Sudheer Anjana E. , Varma Pooja , Aravindh Sasikala Devi Assa , Amaranatha Reddy D. , Murali D.
Published: March 2023

Solar assisted hydrogen fuel production with MoS2 decorated CdS nanorods.
Voltage-dependent excitation dynamics in UV-absorbing organic photovoltaics with efficient charge transfer exciton emission
Authors: Burlingame Quinn C. , Liu Xiao , Ball Melissa L. , Rand Barry P. , Loo Yueh-Lin
Published: March 2023

Voltage-dependent characterizations of organic solar cells with brightly-emitting charge-transfer excitons reveal excitation dynamics and trends as a function of donor molecule.
Porphyrin metal–organic frameworks with bilayer and pillar-layered frameworks and third-order nonlinear optical properties
Authors: Zhu Ziyi , Wang Zirui , Li Qiao-Hong , Ma Zhizhou , Wang Fei , Zhang Jian
Published: March 2023

Porphyrin metal–organic framework PMOF-2 with a 3D pillar-layered framework showed a better third-order NLO performance than PMOF-1 with a 2D bilayer, revealing the influence of dimensions on third-order nonlinear properties of MOFs.
Structure-evolved YbBiO3perovskites for highly formate-selective CO2electroreduction
Authors: Yan Jiaying , Wang Xuanyu , Guan Yayu , Liu Yuyu , Wang Linlin , Shao Qinsi , Huang Qiuan
Published: March 2023

A Bi/YbBiO3heterojunction efficiently promotes CO2electroreduction to formate.
Pd@l-asparagine–EDTA–chitosan: a highly effective and reusable bio-based and biodegradable catalyst for the Heck cross-coupling reaction under mild conditions
Authors: Dohendou Mohammad , Dekamin Mohammad G. , Namaki Danial
Published: March 2023

A novel supramolecular Pd(ii) catalyst supported on chitosan grafted byl-asparagine using EDTA linker was prepared and successfully employed in the Heck cross-coupling reaction to afford corresponding cinnamic acids in good to excellent yields.
FeMoS2 micoroparticles as an excellent catalyst for the activation of peroxymonosulfate toward organic contaminant degradation
Authors: Luo Cai-Wu , Cai Lei , Xie Chao , Wu Jing , Jiang Tian-Jiao
Published: March 2023

The degradation process coexisted with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic reactions and the latter was dominant.
Graduate Students' Perceived Preparedness and Confidence to Work With Individuals Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication
Authors: Barman Brooke E. , Dubasik Virginia L. , Brackenbury Tim , Colcord Donna J.
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

Previous research shows that practicing speech-language pathologists do not feel confident working with augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) users. Studies examining the content of speech-language pathology graduate programs show that there has been an increase in AAC coursework and experiences offered during graduate training. What has not yet been determined is whether these requirements have influenced students' feelings of preparedness to work with AAC users. The purpose of this study was to examine speech-language pathology master's students' perceived preparedness and confidence to work with AAC users in relation to their educational experiences.

Method:

A total of 726 graduate students completed a 25-item survey that solicited descriptions of their AAC training, coursework, and clinical experience, as well as their preparedness and confidence to work with AAC users after graduation.

Results:

Analyses revealed statistically significant relationships between types and number of types of training experiences with feelings of preparedness and confidence. Results indicated that many participants did not feel prepared or confident to work with AAC users after graduation and that those with a greater variety of training experiences felt more prepared and confident to work with AAC users after graduation.

Conclusion:

The results enhance our understanding of the types and number of types of clinical experiences that might increase students' preparedness and confidence to work with AAC users.
Synthetic photometry for carbon-rich giants
Authors: Eriksson K. , Höfner S. , Aringer B.
Published: March 2023

Context. The properties and the evolution of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are strongly influenced by their mass loss through a stellar wind. This, in turn, is believed to be caused by radiation pressure due to the absorption and scattering of the stellar radiation by the dust grains formed in the atmosphere. The optical properties of dust are often estimated using the small particle limit (SPL) approximation, and it has been used frequently in modelling AGB stellar winds when performing radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations.

Aims. We aim to investigate the effects of replacing the SPL approximation by detailed Mie calculations of the size-dependent opacities for grains of amorphous carbon forming in C-rich AGB star atmospheres.

Methods. We performed RHD simulations for a large grid of carbon star atmosphere+wind models with different effective temperatures, luminosities, stellar masses, carbon excesses, and pulsation properties. Also, a posteriori radiative transfer calculations for many radial structures (snapshots) of these models were done, resulting in spectra and filter magnitudes.

Results. We find that, when giving up the SPL approximation, the wind models become more strongly variable and more dominated by gusts, although the average mass-loss rates and outflow speeds do not change significantly; the increased radiative pressure on the dust throughout its formation zone does, however, result in smaller grains and lower condensation fractions (and thus higher gas-to-dust ratios). The photometric K magnitudes are generally brighter, but at V the effects of using size-dependent dust opacities are more complex: brighter for low mass-loss rates and dimmer for massive stellar winds.

Conclusions. Given the large effects on spectra and photometric properties, it is necessary to use the detailed dust optical data instead of the simple SPL approximation in stellar atmosphere+wind modelling where dust is formed.
The peak flux of GRB 221009A measured with GRBAlpha
Authors: Řípa Jakub , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Fukazawa Yasushi , Werner Norbert , Münz Filip , Pál András , Ohno Masanori , Dafčíková Marianna , Mészáros László , Csák Balázs , Husáriková Nikola , Kolář Martin , Galgóczi Gábor , Breuer Jean-Paul , Hroch Filip , Hudec Ján , Kapuš Jakub , Frajt Marcel , Rezenov Maksim , Laszlo Robert , Koleda Martin , Šmelko Miroslav , Hanák Peter , Lipovský Pavol , Urbanec Tomáš , Kasal Miroslav , Povalač Aleš , Uchida Yuusuke , Poon Helen , Matake Hiroto , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Uchida Nagomi , Bozóki Tamás , Dálya Gergely , Enoto Teruaki , Frei Zsolt , Friss Gergely , Ichinohe Yuto , Kapás Kornél , Kiss László L. , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Odaka Hirokazu , Takátsy János , Topinka Martin , Torigoe Kento
Published: March 2023

Context. On 2022 October 9 the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever observed lit up the high-energy sky. It was detected by a multitude of instruments, attracting the close attention of the GRB community, and saturated many detectors.

Aims. GRBAlpha, a nano-satellite with a form factor of a 1U CubeSat, detected this extraordinarily bright long-duration GRB, GRB 221009A, without saturation but affected by pile-up. We present light curves of the prompt emission in 13 energy bands, from 80 keV to 950 keV, and performed a spectral analysis to calculate the peak flux and peak isotropic-equivalent luminosity.

Methods. Since the satellite’s attitude information is not available for the time of this GRB, more than 200 incident directions were probed in order to find the median luminosity and its systematic uncertainty.

Results. We find that the peak flux in the 80 − 800 keV range (observer frame) was Fphp = 1300−200+1200 ph cm−2 s−1, or Fergp = 5.7−0.7+3.7 × 10−4 erg cm−2 s−1, and the fluence in the same energy range of the first GRB episode, which lasted 300 s and was observable by GRBAlpha, was S = 2.2−0.3+1.4 × 10−2 erg cm−2, or Sbol = 4.9−0.5+0.8 × 10−2 erg cm−2 for the extrapolated range of 0.9 − 8690 keV. We infer the isotropic-equivalent released energy of the first GRB episode to be Eisobol = 2.8−0.5+0.8 × 1054 erg in the 1 − 10 000 keV band (rest frame at z = 0.15). The peak isotropic-equivalent luminosity in the 92 − 920 keV range (rest frame) was Lisop = 3.7−0.5+2.5 × 1052 erg s−1, and the bolometric peak isotropic-equivalent luminosity was Lisop,bol = 8.4−1.5+2.5 × 1052 erg s−1 (4 s scale) in the 1 − 10 000 keV range (rest frame). The peak emitted energy is Ep∗ = Ep(1+z) = 1120 ± 470 keV. Our measurement of Lisop,bol is consistent with the Yonetoku relation. It is possible that, due to the spectral evolution of this GRB and the orientation of GRBAlpha at the peak time, the true values of peak flux, fluence, Liso, and Eiso are even higher.
An Image Denoising Model via the Reconciliation of the Sparsity and Low-Rankness of the Dictionary Domain Coefficients
Authors: YANG Yifan , ZHANG Tao , WU Di , ZHAO Yu
Published: March 2023

Sparse coding has achieved great success in various image restoration tasks. However, if the sparse representation coefficients of the structure (low-frequency information) and texture (high-frequency information) components of the image are under the same penalty constraint, the restoration effect may not be ideal. In this paper, an image denoising model combining mixed norm and weighted nuclear norm as regularization terms is proposed. The proposed model simultaneously exploits the group sparsity of the high frequency and low-rankness of the low frequency in dictionary-domain. The mixed norm is used to constrain the high frequency part and the weighted nuclear norm is used to constrain the low frequency part. In order to make the proposed model easy to solve under the framework of alternative direction multiplier method (ADMM), iterative shrinkage threshold method and weighted nuclear norm minimization method are used to solve the two sub-problems. The validity of the model is verified experimentally through comparison with some state-of-the-art methods.
The stage is yours – Ergotherapeutisches Theaterprojekt
Authors: Werner Sarah , Lenz-Urbach Tanja
Published: March 2023

Der Stiftungsbereich Bethel.regional bietet in Herne verschiedene Angebote für Menschen mit chronischen psychischen Erkrankungen. 2022 entstand das Theaterprojekt „Zeppelinkracher“, das im Rahmen der tagesgestaltenden Angebote im Haus Zeppelinstraße entwickelt wurde und zur Entstigmatisierung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen beiträgt.
Gute Reise von Anfang an – Onboarding
Authors: Liers Jessica , Kampe Swantje
Published: March 2023

Jedem Anfang wohnt ein Zauber inne – oder eben auch nicht! Jahr für Jahr stehen dem Arbeitsmarkt neue Heilmittelerbringende zur Verfügung. Warum ist ein gutes Onboarding neuer Teammitglieder entscheidend? Wie erreichen Sie schon in der Zeit vor der eigentlichen Einarbeitung die Bindung von Mitarbeitenden? Und welche Chance bieten Boarding-Prozesse den Führungskräften?
Die Beziehung steht zentral – Kanadisches Prozessmodell COTIPP
Authors: Strebel Helen
Published: March 2023

Im Rahmen des neuen kanadischen Inhaltsmodells Canadian Model of Occupational Participation (CanMOP) wurde im vergangenen Jahr ein neues Prozessmodell vorgestellt: der Canadian Occupational Therapy Inter-Relational Practice Process (COTIPP).
Du bist nicht allein! – Krebsinitiativen
Authors: Hügler Stephanie
Published: March 2023

Die Diagnose Krebs ist ein Schock. Wer selbst aktiv wird, kann diesen oft besser verarbeiten und fühlt sich weniger hilflos. Zahlreiche Initiativen bieten Informationen, Aktivitäten und Empowerment für Patient*innen – vom offenen Umgang mit der Krankheit über Psychoonkologie bis hin zum aktiven Outdoor-Sport. Wir stellen vier von ihnen vor.
Outcomes of Core Decompression and Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Injection for Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Feder Oren I. , Galetta Matthew , Iorio Richard , Schwarzkopf Ran , Einhorn Thomas
Published: March 2023

Without intervention, 80% of hips with osteonecrosis (ON) will progress. Core decompression (CD) has shown favorable results (60–80% survivorship) in early stage ON, and recently, bone marrow aspirate concentration (BMAC) injection into the decompressed femoral head has been proposed to stimulate healing of the necrotic lesion and improve outcomes and survivorship. We reviewed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 51 Steinberg stage 2 hips in 31 patients who underwent CD + BMAC for ON with a minimum of 1 year follow-up. We evaluated preoperative visual analog pain scores (VAS), Steinberg stage based on radiographs, and Kerboul angle as measured on magnetic resonance imaging. Clinical outcomes were reported as a change in VAS at final follow-up, hip and disability osteoarthritis score for joint replacements (HOOS, JR) score at final follow-up, advancement in Steinberg stage based on radiographs, or decision to proceed with total hip arthroplasty (THA). At an average of 27 months, VAS scores improved from 7 to 2.3 (p < 0.001). In total, 38 of 51 hips (75%) had stable radiographs, while 13 of 51 hips (25%) progressed radiographically or proceeded to THA. The average HOOS JR score in patients at final follow-up was 87.5, indicating excellent hip function. Of the patients that went on to THA, all were preoperative Steinberg stage 2C and the preoperative Kerboul angle in this cohort was 241, compared with 163 in those hips that did not go on to THA (p < 0.001). In preoperative hips that were Steinberg stage 2B or less, there was no advancement in the radiographic stage, whereas 67% of patients with preoperative stage 2C hips progressed (p < 0.001). CD + BMAC significantly improves pain and helps prevent the progression of ON when performed on patients in whom ON is classified as Steinberg stage 2B or less or in whom the Kerboul angle is 180 or less. Level of evidence was level III.