bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Plant Composition Analysis Technology and its Application in Medicinal Plants
Authors: Feng Miao
Published: January 2024

Plant composition analysis technology is of great significance and value in the study of medicinal plants. Through this technology, we can have a deep understanding of the chemical composition of medicinal plants, explore their pharmacological effects and efficacy mechanism, and provide theoretical support for the development of new drugs. At the same time, plant composition analysis technology is also a key means of quality control, which can help us accurately identify the quality of medicinal plants and ensure the stability and effectiveness of medicinal materials. With the development of rapid analysis technology, this technology has higher efficiency and accuracy, and can complete the analysis of large numbers of samples in less time, which is particularly important for the research of medicinal plants requiring large data support.
The Most Suitable Growing Environment for Flammulina Mushrooms
Authors: Dong Wenqing
Published: January 2024

Flammulina velutipes is the edible mushroom with the longest history of artificial cultivation in China, and has a wide market. This paper will explore the most suitable growing environment of flammulina velutipes from the aspects of temperature, nutrition, light and so on, so as to provide theoretical background for the growth of flammulina velutipes yield.
MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOME OF PREGNANT PATIENTS GIVEN COVID-19 VACCINATION DURING ANTENATAL PERIOD
Authors: SABIR SA , SULTAN S
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess potential adverse maternal and fetal outcomes among pregnant women who received COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy. The study was conducted at the Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, gynaecology OPD. It included 120 pregnant females aged 18-35 years with a gestational age of more than 32 weeks. Of the 120 participants, 60 received the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy, while 60 did not. The study aimed to determine whether there were any adverse outcomes, such as eclampsia/preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, NICU admission, preterm birth, birth weight, and postpartum haemorrhage. The study found that 60% of the participants were vaccinated for COVID-19 during pregnancy, while 60% did not receive the vaccine. Both cohorts showed no significant difference in terms of adverse outcomes such as eclampsia/preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, NICU admission, preterm birth, birth weight, and postpartum haemorrhage. No significant difference was found in fetomaternal outcomes between the two groups. Pregnant females who received the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy did not experience any significant adverse outcomes such as eclampsia/preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, NICU admission, preterm birth, birth weight, and postpartum haemorrhage.
Relación de las tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento (TAC) en las prácticas educativas en el grado primero durante la pandemia por Covid-19 en el Valle del Cauca
Authors: Ramirez-Izquierdo Ingri Ximena , Afanador-Restrepo Miguel Ángel , Ibarra-Tello Aura Maria , Santana-Flórez Neiz Adoreiny , Afanador Diego Fernando
Published: January 2024

Este artículo presenta una investigación de diseño mixto, de tipo transformativo-secuencial. Es un estudio a partir de los datos recolectados en tres Instituciones Educativas del Valle del Cauca. Para la medición del nivel de uso y apropiación de las TIC empleamos el instrumento diseñado y validado por la Universidad ICESI de Cali (Taquez et al., 2017). Para la entrevista no estructurada diseñamos preguntas bajo la estrategia de historias de vida (Chárriez Cordero, 2012). La discusión de estos resultados busca ofrecer una explicación compleja sobre la relación de las tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento (TAC) en las prácticas educativas, en el grado primero, durante la pandemia por Covid-19 en el Valle del Cauca.
Estrategias didácticas significativas asistidas por la ia para contribuir al desarrollo de una ciudadanía responsable, desde la comprensión lectora, la producción oral y textual en los estudiantes de educación superior de la UNIAJC y UNICATÓLICA
Authors: Rosales Fernández Martha Lucía , Rueda Álvarez Patricia Liliana , Grajales Ramos Angélica María , Restrepo Quiñones Luz Dary , Molano De La Roche Marilyn , Arango Rojas Manuel Santiago
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo pretende evidenciar una experiencia didáctica significativa que apunte al desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas en la educación superior y contribuya al desarrollo de una ciudadanía responsable a través del Desarrollo de Competencias Comunicativas, donde la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) se constituya en una herramienta educativa en la educación superior. Los prompt personalizados inspiran a los estudiantes a desarrollar ideas creativas únicas de forma individual y colectiva. La ponencia presenta una visión innovadora mediada por la IA como una experiencia educativa significativa en la educación superior. Se destaca cómo la IA puede personalizar el aprendizaje, brindar retroalimentación instantánea y lo más relevante, adaptarse a las necesidades individuales de los estudiantes. Es importante que estos aprendizajes estén mediados por los docentes a través del componente ético. Interviene la interculturalidad al ofrecer acceso a recursos de diferentes culturas y orígenes. Se presentan ejemplos concretos de cómo este campo de la ciencia computacional se puede integrar en el aula, incluyendo asistentes virtuales que ofrecen retroalimentación en tiempo real y plataformas de aprendizaje en línea que adaptan el contenido centrado al nivel de competencia de cada estudiante que le facilita el desarrollo de habilidades comunicativas. Se concluye que la IA tiene el potencial de revolucionar la educación superior al mejorar estas competencias en los estudiantes, mejora que no es sólo relevante en términos académicos, sino que también contribuye a la formación de ciudadanos responsables, capaces de comunicarse de manera efectiva en una sociedad cada vez más interconectada y diversa.
Ockham és Ultricuria: a középkori és az újkori szkepszis
Authors: Tóth Zita Veronika
Published: January 2024

Absztrakt nem áll rendelkezésre.
Husserl „utolsó könyve” – Filozófiatörténet és véglegesség-igény Husserl késői filozófiájában
Authors: Varga Péter András
Published: January 2024

Absztrakt nem áll rendelkezésre.
A lehetséges világok fikcionalista elméletének nehézségei
Authors: Tuboly Ádám Tamás
Published: January 2024

Absztrakt nem áll rendelkezésre.
Egy még radikálisabb fordítás
Authors: Kapelner Zsolt
Published: January 2024

Absztrakt nem áll rendelkezésre.
Erkölcsi cselekvés. Mi az?
Authors: Orthmayr Imre
Published: January 2024

A erkölcsi cselekvés  fogalmának értelmezése a következő problémákat érinti a tanulmányban: 1) az erkölcsi cselekvés körülhatárolása, 2) az erkölcsi és nem erkölcsi cselekvés megkülönböztetése, 3) a cselekvés erkölcsösségének a cselekvésen kívüli tényezőktől való függősége, 4) a cselekvéstől való tartózkodás erkölcsi cselekvésként való megítélése és az erkölcsi kötelességek konfliktusa, 5) a cselekvések összetett indokai. A tanulmány alapjául szolgáló előadás 2014. január 31-én hangzott el a DOSZ Filozófiatudományi Osztályának 1. konferenciáján az Etika szekció bevezetőjeként.
A pszichoanalízis intézményének kritikája Gilles Deleuze és Félix Guattari vágyfelfogása alapján
Authors: Kiss Kata Dóra
Published: January 2024

A tanulmány középpontjában a pszichológiai gyakorlat egy filozófiai kritikája áll. Ennek alapja Gilles Deleuze és Félix Guattari 1972-ben megjelent L’Anti-Oedipe című műve, amely igyekszik szakítani azzal a korábbi kultúrtörténeti hagyománnyal, mely a vágyat a hiánnyal azonosítja, ezzel szemben pedig annak pozitív, teremtő jellegét hangsúlyozzák. A tanulmány az ebből születő új lélektani modellt veti össze Sigmund Freud gondolataival és az abból kibontakozó, mára intézményesült analitikus gyakorlattal. Deleuze és Guattari a pszichológia bírálatát a kapitalista rendszer kritikájára futtatják ki, ezért a tanulmány második része a kritikát és az analízis alternatívájaként bevezetett „skizoanalízis” módszerét ismerteti. Kapitalizmus és analízis kapcsolata végül rávilágít az intézménykritika politikai jelentőségére is.
Jardun bikoa: bi euskaltegiren esperientzia
Authors: Murua Iñaki
Published: January 2024

2023ko uztailean jardun biko ereduari buruz egindako ikastaroan antolatu zen mahai-inguruan partaide izan ziren euskaltegietako bi ordezkariren ekarpena jasoko dugu artikulu honetan, Garraldako AEKko Ana Canterok eta Barakaldoko Udal Euskaltegiko Fidel Vegasek adierazitakoaren laburpena, hain zuzen ere.
ICT-Driven instructional and assessment strategies for physical education in the new normal
Authors: Bondoc Jr. Roberto S.
Published: January 2024

Technology shaped the educational system since it enabled teachers to build several instructional methods that are both flexible and effective. It is undeniable that the use of ICT-aided teaching strategies in physical education enable the Physical Education (PE) teachers to adapt to the shifting educational environment. It has been established that several forms of ICT-aided methods were utilized by physical education teachers based on the applicability of these strategies and the teachers’ abilities to put them into practice. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of ICT-aided strategies across HEIs and secondary schools. There were total of 130 PE instructors from HEIs and secondary schools who participated in the study. Descriptive-comparative design was employed to emphasize the need to determine how nominal characteristics influenced competencies. Notably, the findings indicated that demonstration-based assessment was applicable among HEIs because of the intensive physical education curriculum. Male PE instructors were more competent in applying formative assessment and demonstration-based assessment. Competency of PE instructors within these metrics was remarkably high with an emphasis on self-efficacy. Teachers’ engagement to ICT-aided strategies reflected their teaching competencies having traces of motivational, leniency, and flexible learning. Limitations of the study represent the need to assess other factors that were relevant in teaching other that being described (e.g., social, economic, organizational). Nevertheless, ICT-aided strategies transformed the competencies of PE instructors towards sustainable learning in new normal.
The level of depression in parents of children with physiologic immaturity
Authors: Shemsedini Nevzat , Spahiu Donjeta , Obertinca Bujar
Published: January 2024

Study: The study aimed to identify the actuality of prone depression. At its center is the level of depression, which is what analyzes those who want to have children with physical immaturity, as well as the techniques needed for his issues, seeing him related to a range of issues: what is this physiological immaturity, why there is a need to get accurate information about it, the psychological state of parents with children with physiological immaturity and coping with it, and the impact of children with physiological immaturity on other family members. Purpose: The objectives of the study dealing with depression related to depression were to find gender differences in the level of depression in children with physiological immaturity, for the reason that some of them are those whose targets hypothesized that children with physiological immaturity are at a moderate level” and the second hypothesis: “Women as parents have a higher level of depression than men as parents. Methodology: A sample of 70 participants was independently surveyed, and the measuring instrument was Beck’s inventory for depression as well as demographic data to determine the gender of participants. Before determining the inventory, the parents were explained the purpose of realizing that some of the data that will be obtained will remain anonymous and confidential. The data from the results supports our hypothesis: physiological immaturity is moderate. As well as t-test analysis, it was shown that the female gender has a higher level of depression than the male gender. Results: To derive the results obtained from the paper, we used the t-test analysis, which showed that there are differences between women (between 21.79 + 5.2) and men (between 17.91 + 6.1) in terms of the level of depression. It seems that women showed higher levels of depression (t = –2.844, p = 0.006).
Ayurveda's Renaissance: A Voyage into Healing Wisdom at Lucknow Ayurvedic Hospital
Authors: Gupta Karan
Published: January 2024

In the ever-evolving landscape of modern medicine, ancient healing practices often find themselves overshadowed. The effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatments prompted me to learn the nuances of its healing mechanisms and to collect preliminary data to quantify the extent of improvement reported by patients. I conducted a cross-sectional study on 100 patients undergoing Ayurvedic osteoarthritis treatment. The mean improvement for the entire sample was 30.3% with a standard deviation of ±28.4%. The 95% confidence interval for the mean improvement was 24.7% - 35.9%. Ayurveda's renaissance is not just a possibility; it is an imminent reality that has the potential to reshape the future of medicine.
In silico analysis, modelling and docking studies on the etfB and etfC virulence proteins of the fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda
Authors: Rajeshwar Balakrishnan , Abraham Thangapalam
Published: January 2024

Background:
In-silico analysis and molecular docking tools offer alternative ploy to characterize the virulence factors of Edwardsiella tarda and identify potential herbal antimicrobial compounds as substitutes to overcome the adverse health effects of antibiotics.
Aim:
In this study, fimbrial adhesion proteins of E. tarda namely etfB and etfC were regarded as virulence factors for bioinformatic analysis.
Methods:
The virulent protein sequences, recovered from the UniProt database, were analyzed structurally and functionally. SWISS-MODEL generated the homology models of these proteins and verified the quality. The predicted 3D models were used as receptors individually in docking studies against select herbal compounds as ligands for these proteins.
Results:
Both proteins were soluble, hydrophobic and thermally stable. The predicted models’ Z-values were within the scores particularly found for native proteins of the same size, indicating that the models were suitable. The molecular docking identified corilagin (Terminalia chebula), lutein (Amaranthus viridis), isoginkgetin (Cyperus rotundus), amentoflavone (Cyperus rotundus) and acacic acid (Acacia concinna) as the best herbal compounds against etfB gene, and sciadopitysin (Cyperus rotundus), oleandrin (Nerium oleander), isoginkgetin (Cyperus rotundus), ginkgetin (Cyperus rotundus) and cyanidin 3- sophoroside (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis) against etfC gene based on the lowest E-values in order.
Conclusion:
This study revealed that the fimbrial proteins are potential drug targets. Docking results predicted that these low E-value herbal compounds may control edwardsiellosis in aquaculture, which can be further validated using in vitro and in vivo studies. The bioinformatics tools save time, cost and energy in finding promising drugs against a specific target of interest.
Higher femoral head–to–femoral neck ratio are associated with limited range of motion of hip joints in hereditary multiple exostosis patients
Authors: Incesoy Mustafa , Aycan Osman , Koksal Alper
Published: January 2024

Hip involvement is one of the most common skeletal manifestations of hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) in 30-90% of the patients. The anatomical changes in the proximal femur in patients with HME, may lead to deformities and related functional deficits. Its effect on the range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint is not well described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hip deformity of HME disease in the ROM of the hip joint. It was hypothesized that certain morphological parameters affect the ROM of the hip joint. Conclusively, 44 patients including 27 men and 17 women (88 hips) were evaluated. Hips are divided in Group 1 (no ROM limitation group) and Group 2 (ROM limitation group). The head-neck ratio (HNR), center edge angle (CE), Sharp’s acetabular angle (SAA), alpha angle (AA), neck shaft angle (NSA) and ROM parameters were measured. The correlations between radiological parameters (SAA, CE, NSA, AA and HNR), and the ROM data (F, E, Abd, Add, IR and ER) were statistically evaluated. All evaluated parameters (SAA, CE, NSA, AA) except the HNR do not show significant differences between study group 1 (no ROM limitation group) and group 2 (ROM limitation group). The means of the HNR in group 1 were significantly higher than those in group 2 (HNR: 1.23 vs. 0.92, p<0.001). In group 2 HNR showed a strong positive correlation with Abd (PC 0.72, p<0.001), E (PC 0.7, p<0.001), ER (PC 0.67, p<0.001), IR (PC 0.67, p<0.001) and F (PC 0.66, p<0.001). HME patients with hip involvement have better ROM of the hip joint, if they have the higher HNR. Additionally, a positive correlation between HNR and ROM capacity was determined.
Can biotinidase activity be used as a new inflammatory marker in multiple sclerosis?
Authors: Suzan Aysegul , Kilic Ahmet
Published: January 2024

In this study, the relationship between known inflammatory markers and serum biotidinase activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was evaluated. This study was conducted between June 2022 and December 2022 in a tertiary referral hospital. MS patients with active infection, end-stage disease, malignancy, and trauma or infection in the last month were excluded. Complete blood count was performed by automated hematology analyzer, C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined by turbidimetric method with serum sample, and serum biotidinase activity was studied by enzymatic spectrophotometric method. The relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), CRP, immature granulocyte (IG) percentage, and serum biotidinase activity were evaluated with Spearman correlation analysis. A total of 126 patients (mean age was 36.5±9.2 years) were included in our study, and 86 of them (68%) were female. Eighty-four patients (66%) had low biotidinase activity. The patients with low and normal biotidinase activity were compared and there was no significant difference between age, NLR, PLR, CRP levels, and incidence of optic neuritis and myelitis (p=0.509, p=0.548, p=0.883, p=0.911, p=0.403, p=0.892 respectively). By Spearman's correlation analysis, there was no significant correlation between biotidinase activity and CRP, IG percentage, NLR and PLR. A significant correlation was found between NLR with PLR and IG [(p<0.001, r=0.756); (p=0.007, r=0.245), respectively]. This study suggests that biotidinase activity is not an inflammatory enzyme. More comprehensive prospective studies are needed on this subject.
Surgical indications and histopathologic results analysis of gallbladder polyps: A single-center experience
Authors: Ucaner Burak , Cimen Sebnem
Published: January 2024

Gallbladder polyps (GBP) are solid lesions originating from the gallbladder mucosa and extending into the gallbladder lumen. Preoperative diagnosis of GBP can be easily performed via USG; however, which patients should be followed up and which patients should be operated on is still a matter of discussion. This study aimed to investigate the histopathologic results and indications for surgery in patients diagnosed with GBP in the preoperative period and to present our clinical experience in light of current literature. Patients diagnosed with GBP and who had surgery in our general surgery clinic between July 2019 and July 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 57 patients were included in the study. The medical records, laboratory results, imaging results, and pathology reports of the patients were examined. The mean age of the patients was 47.1±11.7 years (23-78 years). The male/female ratio was 1.3/1. Polyp diameter was above 10 mm in 61.4% of patients and below 10 mm in 38.6%. The indication for surgery was the presence of coexisting cholelithiasis in 35.1% of the cases, symptomatic polyps in 33.3%, and increased polyp diameter in 21.1%. In histopathologic evaluation, cholesterol polyp was the most frequently encountered polyp (40.4%). The follow-up and treatment of GBP is still controversial. The most important factors to be considered in the surgical treatment of SCP are the polyp being over 10 mm and being symptomatic. In follow-up patients, further detailed clinical examination should be performed if necessary, and other imaging modalities should be preferred along with USG. Furthermore, it is required to establish up-to-date international algorithms for the follow-up and treatment of GBP.
Multi-drug and biocide-resistant Gram-positive bacteria prevalent on surfaces of veterinary clinics in Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Akwuobu Chinedu , Ngbede Emmanuel , Mamfe Levi , Kanu Christian , Ezenduka Ekene , Chah Kennedy
Published: January 2024

Objective: In this study, the common aerobic Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) contaminating veterinary clinic surfaces were isolated, and their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents (antibiotics and biocides) was determined.
Materials and Methods: Standard cultural and biochemical procedures were used to process 62 swab samples collected from different surfaces in 4 veterinary clinics for the isolation and identification of GPB. The agar dilution technique was used to determine the sensitivity of the isolates to disinfectants, while the disc diffusion technique was used to determine the sensitivity to antibiotics.
Results: Isolation rates in veterinary clinics I, II, III, and IV were 39.4%, 40.4%, 7.4%, and 12.8%, respectively. GPB were isolated from all the surfaces sampled. A total of 94 GPB isolates were recovered, comprising Bacillus species (51.1%), Staphylococcus species (38.3%), Corynebacterium species (6.4%), and Enterococcus species (4.3%). Only 13.8% of the GPB were resistant to at least one of the biocides tested. Multiple drug resistance to at least three classes of antimicrobial agents was exhibited by 95% of the isolates tested.
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that veterinary clinic environments and surfaces in Makurdi are reservoirs of wide varieties of antimicrobial-resistant GPB of veterinary and public health importance.
Access To Land in the Context of HIV and AIDS in Lyamba Ward, Rural Tanzania : A Case of Lyambamgongo Ward in Bukombe District
Authors: Butungo Stanslaus Peter
Published: January 2024

Access to land is an important contributor to the wellbeing and social status of people in rural areas. However, this is often compromised for people affected with HIV/AIDS, a disease which is prevalent in Tanzania. Prior to this study, others have tried to associate between HIV/AIDS infection and land access. However, the link and the contextual factors underpinning such relationship are largely not well understood. This research explores: first, how and in which ways HIV infection affects access to land; second, what contextual factors underpin the impacts of HIV on land access, and thirdly, who among HIV-affected people is more vulnerable to loss of access to land. Drawing on theoretical accounts that frame land access as a question of social power, this study undertakes intensive ethnographic research in Lyamba ward in Bukombe District, Tanzania. The research draws from the life history accounts of 17 HIV-infected people and their access to land. The study reveals a variety of ways in which HIV/AIDS negatively affects land access: destabilising social relationships, spousal or parental deaths, and diminished social status. Such cases happen in contexts characterised by existing land contestations, unequal social relationships, and a pluralistic legal system of overlapping formal and informal rules, norms and values that govern land access. While women and children are often at risk of loss, men with weaker land claims can also lose access. However, the study also documents instances where vulnerable people can fight back to secure land access through collective mobilisation, knowledge on legal land rights, and relations with authority figures. While loss of land can further exacerbate experiences of marginalisation, successful attempts to secure land access can validate personal worth and protect social esteem. The study calls attention to the contested nature of land and how changing dimensions of social power are central to shaping land access in the context of HIV/AIDS.
ASSESSMENT OF MODERN CHANGES IN RIVER FLOW ON THE TERRITORY OF SHIRVAN (REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN)
Authors:   SUCANAL Research and Design Institute, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan, Eyyubov I
Published: January 2024

The Shirvan River Basin is located at an altitude of 400...4466 m above sea level in the southern part of the Greater Caucasus, on the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The basin is surrounded by the foothills of the Greater Caucasus, bordered on the east by the Aghsuchai River and on the west by the Alijanchai River. The water resources of the study area are mainly used for agriculture, drinking water supply, etc. As the lower part of the area is located in the arid zone, river water is used for certain economic purposes. These economic activities have a great impact on the river regime. Therefore, it is necessary to take a serious look at the water resources of the area and to make a proper forecast. In this regard, one of the important issues is the scientific study of statistical analysis of average annual river flow and assessment of modern changes in the flow of rivers flowing through the territory of Shirvan. The analysis carried out showed that the largest changes in the value of the flow were observed in the rivers Alijanchai, Turyanchai, Demirparanchai, Girdimanchai and Aghsuchai. In Turyanchai and Demiraparanchai, an increase in discharge of 14,2 % and 20,6 %, respectively, was observed in the current period (1991...2017) compared to the period 1960...1990. Odanko River Alijanchay, Girdimanchay and Aghsuchay experienced a decrease in discharge of 9,2 %, 25 % and 15,8 % respectively
Reconstruction of Childhood in the Antiquities of Western Colchis: an Archaeologist’s and Pedagogue’s View of Artifacts and Ethnography
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Trebeleva Galina , Kizilov Andrei ,   Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov Valentin ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2024

According to paleodemographers, children in ancient and traditional societies accounted for at least half of the entire population. This was a necessary condition for the simple reproduction of the population. However, in archaeological terms, the remains of artifacts that testify to the children’s world, as a rule, are extremely poorly represented. In our article, we consider the very concept of childhood from the point of view of pedagogy, archaeology and ethnography, and also determine what is hidden under the concepts of “game” and “children’s toy”. In addition to various types of sources that testify to the childhood world of northwestern Colchis, specific artifacts are considered, interpreted as toys or children’s household items. We use both the data on artifacts obtained directly by the authors during excavations (settlements of Shepsi (Bronze Age), Markul settlement (4 th century BC — 14 th centuries AD)), as well as literary and archival data on other sites of the region. With the involvement of ethnographic data and on the basis of our own pedagogical experience, parallels with archaeological sites of other regions are considered, where children’s toys are better preserved. The results obtained make it possible to reconstruct the childhood world of northwestern Colchis and answer the question: why are the traces of the children’s world so poorly preserved in the Caucasian region?
A Comprehensive Study of Individuals from Two Graves of the Kyz-Aul Necropolis
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Getsko Pavel , Svirkina Natalia ,   Institute of the problems of Northern development, Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Filimonova Marya ,   Institute of the problems of Northern development, Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Slepchenko Sergey ,   Institute of the problems of Northern development, Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2024

Two graves of the 2 nd—3 rd centuries were found by the archaeological expedition to the Kyz-Aul necropolis in 2021. They contained remains of six individuals. We implemented an anthropological study of the skeletons and an archaeoparasitological analysis of soil samples. We identified sex and age and described pathological and individual features of the appearance of children and adults. An intravital artificial deformation of the skull was recorded in two adult individuals from grave 199. There are no signs of skull deformation in children from the same grave. Whipworm (Lat. Trichuris trichiura) eggs were found in soil samples from four out of six individuals. It is an intestinal parasite that enters the human body through the consumption of contaminated foods or unboiled water. The study showed that children and adults buried in the necropolis have many features characteristic of the settled population of the Northern Black Sea region, Rome and Roman provinces.
Child’s Burials of the First Centuries A. D. in the Burial Ground of Starokorsunskaya Settlement No. 2
Authors:   Kuban State University, Limberis Natalia , Marchenko Ivan ,   Kuban State University
Published: January 2024

The paper analyzes the material of 26 children’s burials from the Maeotian burial ground. The Infantilis I age category inc­ludes 14 burials, in half of which were buried children aged 3—4 years. Skeletons of children of the age category Infantilis II were found in seven burials. The age of the children from the remaining four burials is not determined. Five graves pits were found, corresponding in size to the height of the buried children. The main position of the buried is extended on the back. The crouched position on the back and on the side is twice as rare. The predominant direction in the orientation is not observed. Most of the burials contained locally produced gray-clay pottery. The dating of the burials is based on the chronology of bronze fibulae of various types of the second half of the 1st to the 2nd centuries AD, found in 10 complexes. Jewelry is represented by bronze arm rings, finger rings, earrings and beads, among which are figured pendants made of “Egyptian” faience, which are usually considered apotropaic. In two burials, bronze bells were found, which, it is believed, performed a protective function. In general, children’s burials coincide with the burials of adults in terms of the rite and the composition of the accompanying inventory. However, some notable differences can also be distinguished: the absence of weapons, the almost complete absence of pieces for a belt set, and rare tools.
Leningrad Researchers of Early Slavic Antiquities in the Dnieper Left Bank Forest-steppe
Authors:   Historical and Cultural Reserve of Bils’k, Pryimak Viktor
Published: January 2024

The article is dedicated to the antiquities of the upper and partially middle reaches of the Sula river. It assesses the contribution of the Leningrad researchers of 1940 s —1970 s to the study of the forest-steppe Dnieper Left Bank of the 1 st millennium AD, including archaeological mapping of the Dnieper’s Left Bank cultures (P. N. Tretyakova, I. I. Lyapushkina, G. F. Korzukhina). The author considers the views of E. A. Goryunov, M. M. Kazansky, O. A. Shcheglova on certain unresolved issues of the first half of the 1 st millennium and the 7 th —8 th centuries, presents the data on late Zarubintsy, late Scythian, Kyiv, Chernyakhov, Penkovka (Kolochin) and Volyntsevo sites from the Upper Sula reaches examined by E. A. Goryunov and G. A. Romanova and publishes the plans of the sites drawn by G. A. Romanova.
Identifying Toys
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhilina Natalia
Published: January 2024

Signs of a toy are distinguished upon different materials: archaeological, ethnographic, of folk art and of personal experience. In the shape of the toy, there are signs of the impossibility of using it as a real prototype object: the nonconformance in the material, size, and simplification of the design. Appearance of a toy accurately points to the real prototype. Unlike sacred images, the toy focuses on the reality and pleasantness of the look, unlike decorative ones, it subordinates the decorative features to the concrete features of the prototype, although the toy is associated with the style of the time. The toy’s features point at its use in the game, possibility of free movement in the game space: absence of any details tightly fastening it with other objects; presence of details contributing to movement and change of position. Concrete toys go out of use due to a change in the nature of the games, a change in the attitude of the player: growing up, propensity to admire, rejection due to taste preferences. Works of folk crafts called “toys” become interior decorations, figurines, beautiful gifts. But they preserve the idea of a game, looking at them the human mind recreates the game, and for some time homo becomes homo ludens.
Comparative Analysis of Child Mortality Rates in Russian Cities and Villages of the 16th—18th Centuries
Authors:   M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Borutskaya Svetlana , Vasilyev Sergey ,   N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2024

The authors present a paleoanthropological study of the necropolises from several 16 th—18 th century towns and villages in the western part of Russia. In this area and time period, the average life expectancy was very low. The lowest, 14.5 years, is observed in the population of the borderline fortress Blokhino-1 in Saransk County. The higher the infant mortality in the groups, the lower the average life expectancy. The infant mortality rate in different localities was different. The peak of infant mortality falls on 0—5 age group in all studied groups from the western part of Russia of the 16 th—18 th centuries. The representativeness of this cohort often depends on the mortality rate of children in the first year of life. The high mortality rate of young children was associated with a low level of medical development, lack of antibiotics, and sometimes with historical situations. Mortality in the first year of life, especially newborns, was the highest in the borderline fortress Blokhino-1 of Saransk County. The reason for such a dangerous demographic situation here was the historical purpose of the fortress and the task of the population to defend their homeland. Much less attention was paid to everything else. In general, the most prosperous demographic situation was in the village of Isupovo, Kostroma region, in the city of Kazan and on the territory of Nizhny Novgorod Posad near the Kremlin (necropolis on the Verkhnevolzhskaya embankment) in the 16th—18th centuries.
Icon in the Forest. Religious and Cultural Changes in the Polish-Rus’ Medieval Borderlands in the Light of New Archaeological Finds
Authors:   Janusz Peter Regional Museum in Tomaszów Lubelski, Bagińska Jolanta , Musin Aleksandr ,   Centre Michel de Boüard, University of Caen Normandy
Published: January 2024

The authors examine a stray find of two Early Rus’ miniature copper alloy icons of the middle — second half of the 13 th century found in a broad historical and cultural context in Eastern Poland. One of them is the central wing of a triptych with the image of the Mother of God Hodegetria and a Medusa Gorgon composition on the back. The other icon, also depicting the Hodegetria and the Child with an unfolded scroll, is extremely unique. This iconographic type is characteristic of Southern Italy. The icon itself can copy an unpreserved large-sized icon from Kyiv. The icons were hidden in an uninhabited space in forest no later than in the 14 th century. This corresponds to the archaic rituals of concealing unused sacred objects due to their worn and torn state or changes in the cultural situation. The article provides an overview of sacred objects found in Central-Eastern Europe in a similar context — in forest or on trees. Water was another element intended to conceal sacred objects. The authors substantiate the hypothesis that the lead pilgrimage badges found in Western Europe in rivers or in a wet context were also deposited there in accordance with the archaic rituals of “floating on water” due to religious changes at the turn of the 15 th—16 th centuries. The concealment of icons in the forest was associated with the entry of the Rus’-Polish borderlands into the Kingdom of Poland and subsequent transformations of the local Orthodox culture.
Eastern and Western Hungarians in the Uluses of Chagatai and Jochi
Authors: Porsin Artem , Junissova Zukhra ,   Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the study is to identify the links between the groups referred to in the sources of the XIII—XV centuries as “Magyars” or “Hungarians” with nomadic Hungarians or subjects of the Hungarian king who were taken to the east after the Mongol invasion. Traditionally, the first recorded contact between Catholic missionaries and Eastern Hungarians dates back to 1235. However, there is a reason to date the first journey of Julian not to 1234—1235, but to 1221—1222. Julian described two groups of Eastern Hungarians. The first on was located on the territory of the Volga Bulgaria. Those people have already moved to a settled way of life, but have retained the language. The second group — nomadic Hungarians, bordered on the Bulgars from the east. At the time of Julian’s visit to them, they entered into a military alliance with the Jochi Mongols. A year after Julian’s departure in the second half of 1223, the Mongols began a war with the Hungarians and the Eastern Kypchaks. Apparently, it began on the orders of Chagatai, whom Genghis Khan sent to the west along with Jochi. The confrontation between the Eastern Hungarians and the Mongols ended with the subjugation of Greater Hungary in 1236. Part of the Eastern Hungarians moved west to the borders of Rus’, where they lived in the second half of the 15th century. Another group of Hungarians is recorded in the 14th century in the Chagatai ulus. This was an aristocratic group that included someone from the Arpad dynasty, while circumstantial evidence suggests their stable relationship with the Jochids.
Ethnocultural History of Medieval Karelia
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics, Literature and History of the Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kochkurkina Svetlana
Published: January 2024

In the article, based on archaeological materials, written sources, toponymy, ethnography and anthropology, the ethno¬cultural zones of medieval Karelia are distinguished. The process of formation of three large areas is characterized: North-Western Ladoga region, the territory of the chronicles’ Korela; South-Eastern Ladoga and Southern Karelia, the lands of the ancient Veps, and the basin of Lake Onega, inhabited by hunters, fishermen and trappers of different ethnic origin.
Coin-item Deposit near Village Asilan (Karelia, Russian Federation)
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Belskiy Stanislav , Gorlov Konstantin ,   Institute for History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Danilov Gleb ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the publication of the coin-item deposit discovered in 2020 in the North-Western Ladoga region (Republic of Karelia, RF). This is the first discovery of a hoard of silver items in the region over the past 100 years. The article analyzes numismatic items and artifacts of the hoard, presents the results of X-ray fluorescence analysis of the composition of artifact alloys. In total, the hoard included 16 items made of high-grade silver, preserved in the form of whole items and fragments. The numismatic part of the complex is represented by 10 silver coins in the form of Kufic dirhams, their imitations, as well as Western European denarii. The monetary collection of the hoard was probably completed no later than the beginning of the 11 th century. Then the coins continued their existence in the form of jewelry. The overall dating of the items in the hoard makes it possible to attribute its final formation to the 12 th century.
Window Glass from Gorzuvity and Mangup Fort in the Crimea: Chemical Composition, Origin and Chronology in the Historical and Cultural Context
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rumyantseva Olga , Mastykova Anna ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Byzantine Crimea Laboratory, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Naumenko Valery ,   Byzantine Crimea Laboratory, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Published: January 2024

Chemical composition of 39 window panes of the Early and Middle Byzantine periods was studied with SEM-EDS technique. They originate from the Gorzuvity settlement in the Crimea Southern coast with the ruins of two churches, and Mangup, the largest medieval fortress in the SW Crimea. The presence of glass of groups Foy-3.2/2.1 and HIMT suggests that the earliest structures with glazed windows could have emerged on Mangup in the 5th century at the latest — i. e., before the construction of the Byzantine fortress. A homogenous composition of glass from Gorzuvity suggests a single period of glazing windows of structures existing here — the “lower” church with a shrine dated probably to the 11th century (terminus ante quem for the church construction) and some stone structures at the settlement. 37 samples represent natron glass of the Egyptian origin. Most of window panes are related to the 9th—10th/11th cc. Their glass belongs to the series Foy-2.2, the result of the recycling of the earlier glass of the 2nd half of the 5th/6th — mid-7th centuries (series Foy-2.1). It suggests that the remains of monumental structures of the early Byzantine period (window panes and probably tesserae) were used as raw materials during the construction campaign at Gorzuvity and Mangup in the middle Byzantine period. Two fragments from Mangup of mixed-alkali composition originate from the contexts of the 15 th c., where they could get from disturbed earlier deposits.
Medieval Helmet from Gruzsky
Authors: Kvitnytskyi Maksym , Grib Vladimir ,   Donetsk State University
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the discovery of an iron helmet from the second half of the 12th — mid-13th centuries. from a rich Cuman burial, accidentally discovered and explored in the Northern Azov region in 1968. Of the entire complex of clothing finds, only a helmet has been identified so far. The product was damaged upon discovery, according to the typology of A. N. Kirpichnikov belongs to type II B and dates back to the 12th—13th centuries. Consideration of the closest analogies and clarification of the dating of the helmet marked the debatable problem of periodization of this type of protective armament. A number of researchers attribute the time of existence of such helmets to the Golden Horde time of the 2nd half of the 13th—14th centuries. A careful study of the argumentation and a critical analysis of the sources suggests that there is no reason to date such helmets to the Golden Horde time. Available clear chronological benchmarks of similar finds among the helmets included in the complexes of Taganch, Khavala-IV 2, find of a helmet in a dwelling of the 1st half of the 13th century. in Dorogobuzh and the finds of a pommel with an “apple” from the settlement Knyazha Gora in Kanev allow us to date the helmet from Gruzsky to the end of the 12th — 1st half of the 13th centuries, and to attribute the discovered site to the burial of a representative of the Cumans aristocracy, made before the Great Western campaign of the Mongols.
“In childhood, the thread of life is thinner…” (Pendant-amulets from the Graves of the Saltov-Mayak Culture from the Seversky Donets Basin)
Authors:   M.F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum, Aksonov Victor
Published: January 2024

In the costume of children and women of the Saltov-Mayak culture, there is a large number of various amulets, because, due to their physical characteristics, these two groups of the population needed enhanced protection from the effects of evil otherworldly forces. The variety of pendant-amulets in children’s costumes shows that in order to protect them from the influence of evil forces and to acquire the necessary qualities for them, parents could turn to various deified entities for help. Thus, pendants made of bronze and glass in the form of a bird of prey’s claw and jagged bronze plate pendants imitating a dog’s/wolf’s jaw are associated with the world of wildlife. Among the Alan population, bronze pendants associated with the water element were widely used, designed to promote the favourable growth and development of their owner. Cross-shaped pendants served as children’s amulets, the central part of which — a square with a checkered ornament — symbolized a sown field, and the shoots located at its corners — grown on a plowed field of shoots or sprouts. In addition to pagan amulets, children’s burials in the Seversky Donets basin also contain single specimens and items related to Christianity (a pectoral bronze cross from catacomb no. 99 of the Verkhnii Saltov burial ground, a cross-shaped patch from burial no. 159, the Chervonaya Gusarovka burial ground).
Refining hydrocarbon reserve location using modern geodynamics
Authors:   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Sidorchuk Е. А. , Dobrynina S. А. ,   Oil and Gas Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: January 2024

The paper considers some aspects of the theoretical prerequisites for the influence of geodynamic processes on the distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations in natural megareservoirs. The most interesting part to study is the part of Central Siberia, where quite a lot of large and unique oil and gas fields have been discovered in a relatively small area. It is shown that hydrocarbon deposits in the study area are organized into groups according to the size of reserves. This can be explained by geodynamic processes occurring during the geological history of the region. The features of the river network pattern are interpreted as local geodynamic settings of the «pushed block» type. The relationship between the parameters of local geodynamic settings and the scale of oil and gas accumulation is noted. Keywords: geodynamic processes; large and unique reserves; natural mega-reservoirs; geodynamic conditions; scale of oil and gas accumulation.