bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of treatment of diabetic macular edema on visual impairment in people with diabetes mellitus in India
Authors: Kulkarni Sucheta , Ramachandran Rajalakshmi , Sivaprasad Sobha , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Behera Umesh C , Vignesh T P , Chawla Gajendra , Agarwal Manisha , Mani Sheena Liz , Ramasamy Kim , Raman Rajiv
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to report visual and anatomical outcomes following treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice in India.

Methods:

Retrospective chart review of patients with DME who were initiated on treatment and followed up for at least 1 year at 9 tertiary eye care centers during 2016–2017 was performed. Data on demographics, systemic illnesses, visual acuity and anatomical characteristics of DME, treatment history were collated and analyzed for change in visual acuity level and central macular thickness at 1 year.

Results:

A total 1853 patients were diagnosed with treatable DME during study period, 1315 patients were treated and 556 patients (1019 eyes) followed up at one year. Although patients achieved significantly better anatomical outcome (central macular thickness of <300μ in 32.3% at baseline compared to 60.7% at 1 year, P < 0.001), visual impairment due to DME did not differ from baseline (mild visual impairment in 53.2% at baseline compared to 56% at 1 year, P = 0.7). Cystoid type of DME was the most common phenotype (432/1019, 42.4%) followed by spongy type (325, 31.9%) and cystoid plus spongy type (138, 13.5%). Bevacizumab monotherapy was the most common (388/1019, 38.1%) treatment followed by combination therapy (359, 35.2%). Mean number of anti-VEGF injections received per eye in a year was 2.1 (SD ± 0.9).

Conclusion:

Only about a third of treated DME patients complete one year follow up in India. Most patients receive suboptimal number of treatments. Treated DME cases largely show better anatomical outcome but not a better functional outcome.
Characterization of age-related macular degeneration in Indian donor eyes
Authors: Soundara Pandi Sudha Priya , Rajendran Anand , Radha Krishnan Santhi , Anto Minu Jenifer , Gardiner Tom , Chakravarthy Usha , Veerappan Muthukkaruppan
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to test the reliability of fundus stereomicroscopy in postmortem eyes to assign severity of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using the Minnesota grading and confirmation by histology using Alabama and Sarks grading scales and to assess the incidence of AMD pathology in donor eyes from a South Indian population.

Methods:

Eyes (199) from 153 donors (55–95 years) after obtaining fundus images were processed for histology. Fundus images were graded according to the Minnesota grading system based on drusen size, area of depigmentation, and atrophy. At least one eye from each donor displaying the AMD phenotypes were subjected to histological examination. The fundus grading was correlated with histology and the stages of AMD assigned for early AMD by the Alabama AMD grading system and for both early and advanced AMD by the Sarks classification.

Results:

Stereoscopic examination of the fundus found that 10 of the 153 donors had features of early AMD and 3 advanced AMD. Following histological examination, one of the early AMD eyes was reclassified as advanced AMD. Early AMD features that were observed on histology included soft drusen (>63 μm), basal laminar deposits, photoreceptor outer segment degeneration, disorganization of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane thickening. Advanced AMD features observed in histology are extensive atrophy of RPE, choroidal neovascularization and disciform scar formation.

Conclusion:

Identification of either early or advanced AMD using stereomicroscopic assessment (SMA) showed high sensitivity and specificity. However, misclassification between AMD stages can occur when only SMA is used.
COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown
Authors: Rehman Obaidur , Ichhpujani Parul , Nayyar Shifali , Kumar Suresh
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changing trends in terms of patient load, presenting complaints, surgical procedures and resource utilization in a multispeciality tertiary care hospital after lockdown due to COVID-19.

Methods:

Retrospective data were collected from Ophthalmology in-patient and emergency services of a government medical college and multispecialty tertiary care hospital in North India. Data pertaining to patient census, presenting complaints, surgical procedures and resource consumption were compared in the 6-month period (March 25 to September 30, 2020) following national lockdown and subsequent gradual unlock to data of same time period last year.

Results:

A total of 1152 new patients visited Ophthalmology emergency service, whereas 324 sought tele-ophthalmology consultation. Majority were males (61.8%, n = 712), whereas average age of presentation was 34 ± 7.2 years. The number of patients seeking emergency ophthalmic care reduced by 23.9% in the current year, in-patient record reduced by 96.53% and number of surgeries reduced by 98.13%. Tele-ophthalmology services comprised 21.95% of the total patient load. Use of triple layered surgical masks increased by 85.7%, use of disposable gloves increased by 89.5% but interestingly the availability of chlorhexidine hand rub fell by 15.9%, in the current year compared to last year.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown have reduced the number of patients visiting tertiary health care facility for ophthalmic care. As manpower and resource consumption has increased, smart management is needed to tackle the current scenario efficiently. Tele-ophthalmology must be promoted and we must understand the changing trends to plan for the future accordingly.
The impact of COVID-19 “Unlock-I” on L V Prasad Eye Institute Network in Southern India
Authors: Rathi Varsha M , Reddy Rajeev Pappuru , Fernandes Merle , Rath Suryasnata , Nayak Sameera , Vemuri Joji Prasad Satya , Yanamala Niranjan Kumar , Varda Rajashekar , Marmamula Srinivas , Das Anthony Vipin , Khanna Rohit C
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to report on the impact of COVID-19 “Unlock-I” on Network of Eye Centers in Southern India.

Methods:

Our eye health pyramid model has a network of eye care centers in four Indian states. The network constitutes a center of excellence (CoE) at the apex followed by tertiary care centers (TC) located in urban areas, secondary care centers (SC), and primary care vision centers (VC) at the base located in rural areas. We collected data on patients seen between June 2019 and June 2020, which included age, gender, total patients seen (new or follow-up), and socioeconomic status (paying and nonpaying). A comparative study was done between the data for outpatients and surgeries performed pre-COVID-19 and during Unlock-I in COVID-19 period.

Results:

There was a 36.71% reduction in the overall outpatients seen in June 2020 (n = 83,161) compared to June 2019 (n = 131,395). The reduction was variable across different levels of the pyramid with the highest reduction in CoE (54.18%), followed by TCs (40.37%), SCs (30.49%) and VCs (18.85%). Similar pattern was seen for new paying patients with the highest reduction in CoE (54.22%), followed by TCs (25.86%) and SCs (4.9%). A 43.67% reduction was noted in the surgeries performed in June 2020 (n = 6,168), compared to June 2019 (n = 10,950). Reduction in paying services was highest in CoE (47.52%), followed by TCs (15.17%) and SCs (4.87%). There was no significant change in the uptake of services by gender in the network.

Conclusion:

Highest reduction in patient footfalls during “Unlock-1” was noted in urban centers. Going forward, there is a need to develop strategies to provide eye care closer to the doorsteps.
Aerosol containment box for laser treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sen Parveen , Jaichandran V V , Sreenivasan Janani
Published: February 2021

Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) requires emergency intervention and laser is an established modality of treatment. Laser treatment for ROP under topical anesthesia can be considered as an aerosol-generating procedure due to crying that puts health care workers at high risk of COVID-19 transmission. Aerosol containment box (ACB) is known to minimize aerosol transmission and there are reports of ROP laser done through incubator. Combining these two ideas, we describe a new application of ACB with suction for laser treatment of ROP thereby, reducing risk to health care team without compromising timely effective, and safe treatment for ROP.
Specular microscopy in clinical practice
Authors: Chaurasia Sunita , Vanathi Murugesan
Published: February 2021

Specular microscopy is a noninvasive diagnostic tool that allows for in vivo evaluation of corneal endothelium in health and various diseased states. Endothelial imaging helps in the diagnosis and management of several endothelial disorders. The review focuses on the principles of specular microscopy, limitations of endothelial imaging, and its interpretation in common conditions seen in the clinical practice. A thorough PubMed search was done using the keywords specular microscopy, corneal endothelium, and endothelial imaging.
Modified balanced two-string technique of internal scleral fixation of posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens
Authors: Kumar R Madhu , Konana Vinaya Kumar , Kanakamedla Ashok , Gudimetla Jayamadhury , Poluri Swarnalatha , Potti Sudhakar
Published: February 2021

Posterior dislocation of the intraocular lens (IOL) is a rare but potentially dangerous complication encountered by a cataract surgeon. We describe a modified balanced two-string technique of internally fixing a posteriorly dislocated rigid IOL using the pars plana approach in eyes which lack adequate capsular support. Five eyes of five patients underwent the procedure. All eyes had successful IOL refixation. One eye had mild temporal decentration. BCVA improved in all patients. Our technique is an alternate method of scleral fixation of posteriorly dislocated IOL with advantages of minimal postoperative astigmatism, minimal anterior segment manipulation, and good IOL centration.
Partial extraction therapy
Authors: Shaheen Rakan Saifuddin
Published: February 2021

The preservation of the hard and soft tissues for superior esthetic and biomechanical outcomes has become an integral part of any treatment plan intended to replace a tooth intended for extraction. With the introduction of the four techniques that constitute the Partial Extraction Therapy (PET) concept; the preservation of the tissues is more promising than ever. This review collates the reports from 1942 up to 2020 on the Root Submergence, Socket Shield, Proximal Socket Shield, and Pontic Socket Shield techniques, stating the complications and modifications made since the innovation of each technique alongside the advantages and disadvantages. It was concluded that definitive protocols for implementing and evaluating the success of each technique are needed to ensure the long-term success of any treatment plan that includes a technique of the PET.
In vitro methods of surface characterization of dental erosion
Authors: Al-Shamrani Sultan S.
Published: February 2021

To review the laboratory surface characterization methods utilized to measure dental erosion. Peer-reviewed published scientific articles from Pubmed, Saudi Digital Library, and Google scholar platforms were searched, and only laboratory-based studies were included. Several quantitative and qualitative techniques have been used to assess enamel erosion in the laboratory. This review examines the applications, advantages, and limitations of the various methods currently used to assess dental erosion.
Interazioni fra ungulati selvatici e foresta: necessità di una gestione integrata
Authors: Sorbetti Guerri Francesco , La Marca Orazio , Bartolozzi Sara
Published: February 2021

The management of wild animal populations in forest areas cannot disregard their most basic effects on the forest ecosystem. In order to prevent the presence of wild ungulates from causing harmful consequences to forest ecosystems, it is necessary for them to be correctly defined and maintained, sustainable density values of the number of wild ungulates. These densities must be established for the different ungulate species and, for each species, for environmentally homogeneous areas.
Diseño y evaluación de un prototipo para vivienda de interés social con mampostería confinada en ladrillo
Authors: Intriago-Plaza Renato , Palma-Zambrano Willians , Mieles-Bravo Yordy
Published: February 2021

Las condiciones actuales de hábitat en el mundo se ven seriamente afectadas por la sobrepoblación y los permanentes flujos de movilidad territorial, generando la necesidad de construir viviendas con diseños ecológicos, adaptables y de bajo costo. En este sentido, la presente investigación permitió realizar el diseño y análisis de un prototipo de vivienda de interés social con muros de mampostería confinada en ladrillo. Cabe señalar que la vivienda ocupa un espacio de 82 m2, misma que ha sido diseñada para su construcción en un terreno de 200 m2, ubicado en la ciudad de Manta, Ecuador. Además del diseño estructural de la vivienda, se realizó una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo, puesto que se realizaron 25 encuestas dirigidas a los directivos de constructoras y ferreterías de la provincia de Manabí, en las que se pudo obtener información relacionada con las tipologías de viviendas de interés social y los sistemas constructivos empleados con el respectivo análisis comparativo de costos y el mercado de viviendas en función de la oferta y demanda; por su parte, el precio unitario de los materiales, equipos y mano de obra requeridos en la construcción del sistema estructural propuesto fue obtenido de casas distribuidoras de materiales y las tablas salariales, respectivamente. Los resultados reflejan que la vivienda diseñada y evaluada en la presente investigación consta de un nivel; en el que se encuentra la sala, comedor, cocina, garaje y dormitorios. El costo total requerido para ejecutar la construcción del diseño propuesto equivale a $ 30075,05 dólares americanos incluido IVA, representando un total de 75,19 sueldos básicos. Se estableció que la vivienda de interés social con mampostería confinada de ladrillo presenta un sistema estructural favorable para su aplicación en el medio local de Manta, y de la misma forma puede extrapolarse a otras localidades del país.

Palabras clave: viviendas sociales, diseño, estructura, mampostería, evaluación económica.
INSECURITY AND NIGERIA’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A SURVEY
Authors: WOJUADE James
Published: February 2021

This study examined insecurity as the bane of Nigeria’s socio-economic development. The study adopted a descriptive survey research. The study was guided by two research questions. The participants for this study comprised one hundred and fifty (150) educated people/youth selected from Ona-Ara local government area of Ibadan metropolis. Insecurity as the bane of socio-economic development in Nigeria questionnaire was the instrument used for this study. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentage. Findings revealed that ethno-religious conflicts and unemployment are among the factors responsible for insecurity in Nigeria. Social dislocation, population displacement, disruption of family and communal life are some of the impacts of insecurity on Nigeria’s socio-economic development. It is recommended that government should ensure that social security programme is pursued and systematically implemented to ensure that the populace meets their basic needs.
Modelos de financiación para una renta básica
Authors: Arcarons Bullich Jordi , Raventós Pañella Daniel , Torrens Mèlich Lluís
Published: February 2021

En este artículo se ofrece una visión general de cómo podría financiarse una Renta Básica en el Reino de España. Ante todo, se ofrece un repaso de los distintos modelos que se conocen con tal propósito. Se hace hincapié en el tipo de información que permite sustentar dichos modelos, y se pone especial énfasis en las ventajas e inconvenientes que puede generar la utilización de dicha información. Se describen los principales análisis que se desprenden de la aplicación de dichos modelos de financiación. Se justifica una reforma tributaria del IRPF, eje central de la financiación de la propuesta de Renta Básica, junto con una propuesta de implementación de un impuesto sobre la riqueza, que complementaría esa financiación. Por último, a través de un supuesto concreto se analiza los efectos sobre: la desigualdad y la redistribución de la renta, la pobreza y los grupos de ganadores y perdedores, al comparar la situación sin modelo de Renta Básica (ex-ante) y con modelo de Renta Básica (ex-post).
Renta Básica Universal: consideraciones de diseño y riesgos en su implementación
Authors: Garzón Espinosa Eduardo
Published: February 2021

La propuesta de Renta Básica Universal cada vez es más conocida tanto en el terreno académico como fuera de él y eso le ha llevado a recibir cada vez más atención y también más críticas. Es difícilmente cuestionable que la Renta Básica Universal presenta ventajas muy importantes frente a otro tipo de prestaciones públicas de protección social: su cobertura alcanza a toda la población y la seguridad económica y libertad que brinda a sus beneficiarios permite que nadie se vea obligado a aceptar míseros y precarios trabajos para poder cubrir sus necesidades básicas. Además, todo ello se puede lograr con un coste económico asumible y a través de una aplicación relativamente sencilla y rápida (especialmente en comparación con muchas prestaciones sociales condicionadas). No obstante, la puesta en marcha de una Renta Básica Universal no está exenta de cuestionamientos ni de riesgos importantes a sopesar. Con este trabajo se pretende identificar y analizar algunos de ellos, con el objetivo último de superarlos para perfeccionar una medida que ya de por sí tiene un enorme potencial económico y social.
Aspectos éticos, legales y sociales del uso de la inteligencia artificial y el Big Data en salud en un contexto de pandemia
Authors: De Lecuona Itziar
Published: February 2021

Ante el uso de la inteligencia artificial, el Big Data y el desarrollo de Apps en salud en situación de pandemia por COVID-19, se analizan las conse- cuencias que para la libertad y la intimidad tiene la tendencia a la mercantiliza- ción de datos personales y la “economía de la atención” promovida por las big tech; la amenaza que supone la “discriminación algorítmica” y la acumulación indiscriminada de datos. Se trata de cuestiones cuyo análisis filosófico-jurídico requiere indagar previamente sobre aspectos técnicos de especial complejidad para así construir una reflexión sólida acerca de las cuestiones bioéticas de las tecnologías emergentes
La Teoría del Estado Totalitario y el “Principio de integración de poderes” en la filosofía jurídica y política de Carl Schmitt
Authors: Aguilar Blanc Carlos
Published: February 2021

Los principales fundamentos intelectuales del Derecho y del Estado desde el punto de vista de la filosofía jurídica nacionalsocialista, elaborados por el conocido jurista alemán Carl Schmitt. El presente trabajo aborda, entre otros, algunos escritos de Schmitt que fueron redactados durante su etapa de filiación al partido nazi. Se analizará la formulación de la teoría del estado totalitario schmittiano o el “Führerstaat” partiendo de su conocida dialéctica amigo-enemigo, y la aplicación de dicha teoría totalitaria como justificación de los crímenes cometidos durante la noche de los cuchillos largos. El papel y relevancia de la figura del mundo académico en la fundamentación y legitimación de la represión estatal realizada por el régimen nazi.
¿Qué es una ontología política?
Authors: Biset Emmanuel
Published: February 2021

En este artículo me interesa presentar una definición posible de ontología política. Para ello, comienzo señalando cuáles son los rasgos generales desde los cuales se la define como mero antecedente de la epistemología. Frente a ello, primero, reconstruyo la perspectiva de W. Connolly como antecedente central del uso del término ontología en teoría política. Segundo, sistematizo bajo la expresión “ontologías políticas” ciertos modos en que se trabaja desde el posfundacionalismo el vínculo entre ontología y política. Tercero, bajo la expresión “políticas ontológicas” sistematizo las posiciones que han trabajado el vínculo entre ontología y política desde el giro ontológico en antropología. Por último, recuperando lo analizado, presento una definición de ontología política deconstructiva. El texto tiene, entonces, dos objetivos: por un lado, sistematizar las discusiones en torno al sintagma “ontología política”; por el otro, otorgar una definición específica de la misma
The Family Context of Care in HIV/AIDS: A Study from Mumbai, India
Authors: D'Cruz Premilla
Published: February 2021

Though the continuum of care model has been adopted in HIV/AIDS intervention, there is little empirical work documenting the experiences of caregiving families. Addressing this gap, a study on family caregiving and care receiving was undertaken in Mumbai, India. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven seropositive caregivers, seven seropositive care receivers and five seronegative caregivers. Thematic analysis of the data was conducted, yielding a number of key themes. This paper discusses the key theme of the family context of care which includes the caregiving system, family values, perceived mode of infection, gender of the seropositive person, and class. Implications of the findings for policy and program planning are discussed.
Motherhood, Migration and Methodology: Giving Voice to the Other
Authors: DeSouza Ruth
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses the need for multi-cultural methodologies that develop knowledge about the maternity experience of migrant women and that are attuned to women’s maternity-related requirements under multi-cultural conditions. Little is known about the transition to parenthood for mothers in a new country, particularly when the country is New Zealand. This paper will challenge the positivist hegemony of previously completed research on migrant women by reflecting on my own experience as a researcher grounded in a broadly-based, pluralistic set of critical epistemologies that allowed me to uncover the issues and contexts that impacted on the experience of migrant women. It concludes by proposing that, where research occurs with minority groups, multiple research strategies are incorporated in order to prevent the reproduction of deficiency discourses.
The Implications of Sex Tourism on Mens Social, Psychological, and Physical Health
Authors: Bender Kimberly , Furman Rich
Published: February 2021

This article explores sex tourism and possible concerns for the male sex tourist through a content analysis of sex tourism web sites. This qualitative, exploratory study describes the manner in which sex tour web sites attract and maintain male customers. Findings related to men’s psychosocial health are placed within an international context. Recommendations are made that pertain to international social welfare.
Visual Evidence in Qualitative Research: The Role of Videorecording
Authors: Penn-Edwards Sorrel
Published: February 2021

Videorecording allows the researcher to record and replay the pictures and sound of an event. As such, it can be a valuable research tool. Nevertheless, it is not just a simple measuring instrument. As a qualitative research data gathering tool, video recordings should be authenticated. Researchers should indicate clearly the role of this tool in their work and discuss the factors that may have an influence on the way it is used or on the data analyzed. The substance of these factors is shown in inventoried form. This paper discusses these and advises how researchers may address the validity of video recording as a qualitative research tool.
Some Epistemological Issues in the Conduct of Social and Behavioural Studies in the Faculty of Education of Nigeria Universities
Authors: Okeke Chinedu , Ume Theophilus
Published: February 2021

A predominantly positivistic quantitative research tradition is uncovered through a survey of selected Nigerian universities with particular reference to the faculty of education. This predominance of what appears to be a one sided research enterprise and the neglect of the qualitative approaches is born out of the self-evident lack of history of research methods as well as the epistemological undertones underpinning research conduct. Important issues resulting from this lack of knowledge of the historical antecedents surrounding the adoption of the various methods are highlighted in this article. While concluding that the revelations here are not idle ones, this paper noted that unless issues are looked at from both sides of the coin, research within the Nigeria research tradition as well as in any other tradition where such problems exist will not only appear too didactic but could be made to appear as speculative and as deceptive as findings from such enterprise.
Beyond the Horizon: Visitor Meaning-Making and the Vatican Frescoes
Authors: Brodie Lee
Published: February 2021

The re-birth of South Africa in 1994 has brought the implementation of effective educational policies. Simultaneously, the Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) approach has been introduced to advance teaching and learning of the Learning areas in schools in South Africa. This article focuses on the learning of English as a Second Language (ESL) in Grade eight. The focus is furthermore on schools from the Black township areas, called previously disadvantaged schools. The introduction of OBE in South Africa heralds an era of meaningful teaching. The use of OBE strives to root out the last vestiges of Apartheid education. With an OBE approach, teaching and learning activities have the aim of empowering learners to succeed in the real life after leaving school. One of the main aims of using a language, for example English, is to develop communicative competence. Communicative competence is the ability to linguistically apply the language correctly in authentic situations. English though is the first language of only 9% of South African citizens (Van der Merwe & Van Niekerk, 1994). The qualitative research method was employed for this study, using semi-structured interviews and observations as research tools. The research study on ESL teaching and learning for Grade eight classes has shown that deficiencies and ineffectiveness occur in most of the classrooms. The findings confirm that Grade eight ESL learners experience problems with ESL due to insufficient use of advanced strategies for teaching and learning by the educators.
Studying Human-Centered IT Innovation Using a Grounded Action Learning Approach
Authors: Pauleen David , Yoong Pak
Published: February 2021

This paper describes how two research methodologies, grounded theory and action learning, were combined to produce a rigorous yet creative and flexible method for field study of a recent IT-based innovation, virtual teams. Essentially, an action learning program was used to train facilitators of virtual teams and generate research data while grounded theory techniques were used to analyze and interpret the data. This paper shows how this combined method can be used to develop local and practical theory for complex, human-centered areas of information technology. The implications of this grounded action learning approach for practice and research in IS will be discussed.
Tradición oral y producción escrita de los estudiantes shipibo-conibo
Authors: Gómez Landeo Ángel Héctor , Huamán Almirón Abraham Ermitanio
Published: February 2021

La presente ponencia está relacionada con la investigación “La tradición oral (cuentos, mitos y leyendas) y su relación con la producción escrita de los estudiantes shipibo-conibo en el área de comunicación integral del 6° de educación primaria en el distrito de Yarinacocha, región Ucayali”. El objetivo principal de este trabajo consistió en analizar la relación de la tradición oral con la producción escrita, ya que a través del texto escrito se puede conocer si existe o no un vínculo entre ambas variables de estudio, como también determinar si la memoria histórica de los estudiantes se manifiesta en su producción escrita o en su defecto tiende al olvido. Además, a partir de los hallazgos se reflexionó también sobre la interacción y las consecuencias de esta que se producen entre la cultura occidental y el pueblo shipibo conibo.
Correlation between glycaemic state and tooth mobility in periodontal patients
Authors: Quratulain Saeed  , Sarwat Memon  , Mervyn Hosein  , Aswad Ahmed  , Sana Ikram
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate the association of tooth mobility with blood glucose levels and control in patients with periodontitisMethodology: The study was conducted at the department of Oral Medicine, Ziauddin Dental Hospital, Karachi. The study design was cross-sectional. The duration of this study was of 6 months, between December 2018 and May 2019. The study population involved 348 patients with chronic periodontitis. After recording demographic details and dental charting, tooth mobility scores were correlated with gingival crevicular blood glucose, finger capillary blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels by Pearson’s correlation. Linear regression was applied to assess the inter-relation between variables.Results: The mean age of individuals who participated in this study was 43+/-10.4 years. The average number of teeth present in patients with glucose levels <180mg/dl was 25.5+/-2.5 compared to 23.2+/-2.9 in individuals with glucose values of >200mg/dl. A moderate positive correlation (r=0.658) was seen between gingival crevicular blood glucose levels and tooth mobility. Finger capillary blood glucose levels also showed good correlation (R=0.653) with tooth mobility scores. HbA1c scores showed a strong positive correlation(R=0.733). Linear regression confirmed increased HbA1c as a risk factor for tooth mobility (R2=0.524, p value= 0.000).Conclusion: Tooth mobility and glycaemic levels are strongly interrelated. This study provides evidence that poor glycaemic control may contribute to the etiology of tooth mobility in patients with periodontitis.
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General practitioner’s (GP) home management guidelines for COVID-19 patients: Guidelines
Authors: Aisha Ambreen  , Tabinda Ashfaq  , Marie Andrades  , Fauzia Akhtar  , Sadaf Badiuzzaman  , Lubna Baig
Published: February 2021

Carefully developed guidelines for clinical practice serve as an important tool for desirable changes in health care of a country. They act as an important source of information for physicians as well as policy makers and educational institutions thereby improving quality of care of patients. The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in 2019 has placed huge burden on health care system globally. The first line health care provider bears the brunt of this disease with limited and varying sources of information as most of the patients present to them. Varied presentation of disease along with limited hospital facilities for admission is a huge challenge for appropriate management and referral of these patients.  These guidelines, prepared after reviewing the interim guidelines in literature, will serve as a source of guidance for GPs to manage mild cases at home and refer those with moderate and severe disease to tertiary...
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Analisis Kebutuhan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Kenaikan Jabatan pada BPR Inti Dana Sentosa Menggunakan Metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Kemala Guna Yanti , Wulandari Ika Arthalia , Ridhawati Eka
Published: February 2021

Abstract — BPR Inti Dana Sentosa diklaim sebagai BPR yang mempunyai pelayanan terbaik untuk nasabahnya. Dikarenakan jumlah karyawan yang cukup banyak, BPR Inti Dana Sentosa mengalami kesulitan dalam memantau prestasi dan potensi dari seluruh karyawan yang bekerja pada Bank tersebut. Permasalahan ini berdampak pada proses kenaikan jabatan karyawan yang salah satunya dilihat dari prestasi dan potensi selama masa kerja. Sesuai dengan proses kenaikan jabatan pada BPR Inti Dana, maka diperlukan kriteria untuk menentukan siapa yang akan dipilih untuk mengisi posisi yang telah ditentukan. Dalam proses penentuan posisi diperlukan suatu sistem pendukung keputusan. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk Sistem pendukung keputusan adalah metode Analytic Hierarchy Process. Metode ini dipilih karena mampu menghitung nilai terbaik dari sejumlah karyawan yang ada, dalam hal ini kandidat berarti karyawan yang berhak menduduki jabatan yang tersedia berdasarkan kriteria yang ditentukan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencari bobot nilai untuk setiap kriteria dan proses perhitungan alternatif kemudian melakukan alternatif global yang akan menentukan karyawan terbaik. Hasil dari perangkingan tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai rekomendasi pihak BPR Inti Dana Sentosa dalam penentuan kenaikan jabatan pegawai. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada 3 kriteria terpenting yang diperoleh untuk proses perankingan, yaitu aspek kapasitas intelektual, aspek sikap kerja, dan aspek perilaku.
“TÜRK DÜNYASININ NAĞIL BAĞI MASAL BAHÇESİ”NDE SU KÜLTÜ
Authors: ÇİÇEK Talha
Published: February 2021

Olağanüstü özellikler sergileyerek özellikle çocuklar için eğlendirme ve düşündürücü özelliğine sahip olan masallar hemen hemen her kuşakta bulunanlar için dinlenebilir ve okunabilir bir pozisyondadır. Halk edebiyatının anonim ürünleri arasında yer alan bu metinler, içeriğinde barındırdığı pek çok unsurla kültürel aktarımı sağlamakta eğitim ve eğlendirme işlevini geçekleştirmektedir. Kültürel bir zeminde bulunan ve Türk sözlü geleneğinin ürünlerinden biri olan masallar, arkaik zaman öğelerini de barındırmaktadır. Özellikle mitolojik unsurların fazlasıyla yer aldığı bu ürünler kült kavramına dayalı öğeleri de içinde barındırmaktadır. Kahramanları hayali bir dünyada yaşayan masallar toplumun değer yargılarını üstü kapalı bir biçimde aktarmaları sebebiyle son derece önemlidir. Toplumlar için ateş, ağaç, güneş, ay vb. ortak pek çok unsur kült olarak karşımıza çıkar. Saydığımız kültler ortak nitelik göstermektedir. Bu ortak kültlerden birisi su olarak kabul edilir. Su arındırıcılığı, koruyuculuğuyla kutsal kabul edilir. Bu çalışmada Türksoy tarafından yayımlanan “Türk Dünyasının Nağıl Bağı Masal Bahçesi” isimli eserde yer alan masallar incelenecek, söz konusu masallar su kültü bağlamında analiz edilecektir.
Effect of Dietary Protein Level during Estrus Cycle: Nutrient Digestibility, Quality of Embryo and Pregnancy Rate by Embryo Transfer in Thai Crossbred Goats during Hot Season
Authors: JUGSUMRIT Juggrid , YUANGKLANG Chalermpon , VASUPEN Kraisit , SAENMAHAYAK Benya , WONGNEN Chantira
Published: February 2021

Tis study aimed to evaluate the embryo quality and embryo transfer rate of Thai crossbred goats fed different levels of protein in total mixed rations (TMR) during the hot season. Twenty-four non- pregnant Thai crossbred goats with an average body weight of 26±5.9 kg were assigned with a random complete block design (RCBD). Dietary treatments contained 8, 13, and 18 % crude protein (CP) in TMR. The feeding trial lasted for 42 days. Does (female goat) were scheduled to determine embryo quality by surgical laparotomy and flushing. At the end of the feeding trial, the digestion trial was conducted by the total collection method for a 5-day period. The results showed that the average total feed intake and feed conversion ratio did not differ among all treatments (p ˃ 0.05), however, digestible protein intake had increased from 70.39, 79.77 to 89.11 g/d in 8, 13, and 18 % CP group, respectively. Increasing CP levels in TMR resulted in linearly increased goat final body weight (30.25, 28.75, and 32.00 kg), weight gain (3.00, 4.00, and 4.25 kg), and average daily gain (ADG) (87.84, 114.87 and 121.63 g/d). Embryo quality (1, 1, and 3.5 morular follicle state) and pregnancy of embryo transfer rate (25, 25, and 50 %) of the animal received CP level at 8 and 13 % less than that 18 %. These results indicated that dietary protein level during program superovulation regimen affected the good quality of an embryo and the pregnancy rate in an embryo transfer in Thai crossbred goats.
Effects of Nitrogen Sources on the Growth and Biochemical Composition of Diatom (Amphora coffeaeformis) Used for Shrimp Larviculture
Authors: KHWANCHAROEN Chairat , CHOTIPAN Ninlawan , NAWATMAI Thongchai , DIREKBUSSARAKOM Sataporn
Published: February 2021

Amphora coffeaeformis is a benthic diatom and serves as a rich nutritional feed for various aquaculture industries. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of different nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of the diatom (A. coffeaeformis) culture. Sodium nitrate in Guillard’s f medium, used as a control treatment, was compared with sodium nitrite and ammonium sulfate. The results in the 3rd batch of culture showed that all treatments led to the highest growth on Day 6. The highest cell dry weight occurred in the ammonium sulfate treatment with significance (0.78±0.06 mg/mL). The cultures in each treatment were harvested at the exponential phase (Day 3) for biochemical composition analysis. A. coffeaeformis in the ammonium sulfate treatment significantly accumulated the highest protein content, at 44.82 % by dry weight, while the highest lipid content at 29.78 % by dry weight was significantly found in the sodium nitrate treatment. The cell size and structure showed no significant differences among the treatments. The experiment demonstrated the effects of different nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of A. coffeaeformis. After that, we selected A. coffeaeformis that was cultured with the nitrate and ammonia nitrogen sources for feeding to shrimp larvae. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of A. coffeaeformis on the growth, survival rate, salinity stress test, and ammonia stress test for shrimp. The experiment was designed with four treatments, as follows: 1) the control feed with flake winner (no water exchange for 28 days), 2) Am-NO3 supplement with A. coffeaeformis cultured using nitrates (no water exchange for 28 days), 3) Am-NH3 supplement with A. coffeaeformis cultured using ammonia (no water exchange for 28 days), and 4) the positive control feed with flake winner (daily water exchange at 20 %). The results showed that the growth of shrimp fed with the diet supplemented with A. coffeaeformis cultured using nitrate and ammonia were not significantly different from the negative and positive controls (P > 0.05). However, the survival rate in the negative control was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.05). In this study, the stress test for white shrimp postlarvae utilized 2 methods: the ammonia or salinity stress tests. The survival rate of the shrimp after the ammonia stress test was not statistically and significantly different (P > 0.05). However, the results from the salinity stress test indicated that the highest survival rate was observed in the shrimp fed with the diet supplemented with A. coffeaeformis cultured using nitrate. A. coffeaeformis cultured with the sodium nitrate treatment had a positive effect on shrimp tolerance to salinity changes.
Effects of Perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) Meal as Partial Replacement for Soybean Meal on Metabolizability, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers
Authors: MONTHA Napatsorn , YOTHINSIRIKUL Winai , TIPPAYA Kittipong , KREUZER Michael , JATURASITHA Sanchai
Published: February 2021

There is an ongoing search for novel protein sources suitable to replace soybean meal. The present study aimed to investigate the utility of cold-pressed perilla seed meal for broiler diets. Perilla meal was included at dietary levels of 0, 4, and 8 %. In the first experiment, apparent digestibility and metabolisability of nutrients were performed with 24 Cobb 500 broilers. In the second experiment, growth performance and carcass quality were investigated in 120 Cobb 500 broilers. The inclusion of perilla meal into the diet in an iso-nitrogenous way increased feed intake and metabolisability of nitrogen but decreased the digestibility of fat and fiber as well as the metabolisability of energy. The highest proportion of perilla meal enhanced the growth performance. Carcass weight and dressing percentage did not differ among groups. Proportions of total retail cuts and, among them, breast meat and thighs, were elevated by using perilla meal, especially at a level of 8 %. The proportion of abdominal fat declined with increasing levels of perilla meal. In conclusion, perilla meal turned out to be a valuable protein source in broiler nutrition. It also showed that part of the soybean meal could be replaced without risking adverse effects on growth performance and carcass quality.
Albrecht Dürer (e Marcantonio Raimondi) nella Felsina pittrice di Carlo Cesare Malvasia: biografia, autografia e collezionismo
Authors: Fara Giovanni Maria
Published: February 2021

Thanks to a new analysis of some passages from the Life of Marcantonio Raimondi, both in the printed version of Felsina pittrice and in the manuscript submitted by Carlo Cesare Malvasia in 1677 to the approval of the Inquisition, the author proposes a more complete evaluation of the role that Malvasia recognizes to Albrecht Dürer, with new considerations on the autography of his prints, on their importance in the artistic training of Marcantonio Raimondi, on their widespread collecting in Bologna shortly after the mid-seventeenth century.
Recensione a Carlo Celano, Notizie del bello, dell’antico e del curioso della città di Napoli
Authors: Caracciolo Daniela
Published: February 2021

The author presents the review of the recent critical edition conducted by Gianpasquale Greco on the Notizie of Carlo Celano. They are considered the philological and critical choices of Greco and reconstruction of the events of the descriptive odeporico genre since the sixteenth century Neapolitan area.
Le Osservazioni sull’architettura in Lombardia di Gaetano Cattaneo (1824): tra Jean-Baptiste Seroux d’Agincourt, Carlo Bianconi e Giuseppe Bossi
Authors: Rovetta Alessandro
Published: February 2021

Gaetano Cattaneo (1771-1841), founder of the Numismatic Cabinet of Brera, inherited in 1815 from Giuseppe Bossi the historiographical materials that the secretary of the Brera Academy had collected with the aim to create a work dedicated to the history of Lombard art. Cattaneo also devoted himself to the project of a History of the arts and artists of the Lombard school, which never came to light, although its preparation is largely documented by his correspondence with Italian and foreign scholars, such as Cicognara, De Lazara and Passavant. A trace of Cattaneo’s work survives in an unpublished manuscript, kept in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana. In a schematic form, the document reconstructs the history of architecture in Lombardy from the Middle Ages to the sixteenth century, though it was supposed to be continued until the early nineteenth century. The information provided by Cattaneo about the origins of the different “epoche”, in which he divides the developments of Lombard architecture, as to the distinctive structural and stylistic characteristics or as to the masters and their main works offer a very interesting insight into the Milanese historiographical consciousness in the time between French domination and Restoration. The essay considers in particular the judgment on the different phases of the Middle Ages, with particular regard to the profile of Longobard architecture and the origins of the Milan Cathedral. In this case both local debates and the work of Seroux D’Agincourt are fundamental for Cattaneo. Another significant theme is the judgment on the architecture of the sixteenth century in Lombardy, which re-evaluates Leonardo, resizes Bramante and, above all, censors the protagonists of the Borromean age, from Galeazzo Alessi to Francesco Maria Richino. In this respect, the internal debate at the Brera school of architecture and the historiographical positions of Carlo Bianconi and Giuseppe Bossi played an important role, other significant latest sources such as Francesco Antonio Albuzzi and Venanzio De Pagave. The essay reports the complete edition of Cattaneo’s text according to the Ambrosian copy, which was probably made by his collaborator Carlo Zardetti.
«Unhistoried and unconsidered». Percorsi di riscoperta e tutela tra Lario e Valtellina sulle orme di Edith Wharton e Bernard Berenson 1897-1912
Authors: Angelini Gianpaolo
Published: February 2021

The article examines the relationships between the description of some Lombard localities contained in Edith Wharton’s Italian Backgrounds (1905). In particular, attention is focused on the parallel events of rediscovery and conservation of the artistic heritage on Lake Como and in the pre-Alpine valleys between the publication of The Decoration of Houses (1897), the exhibition of sacred art at the Volta exhibition in Como (1899) and the preservation activity of Francesco Malaguzzi Valeri and Corrado Ricci. In addition, the essay examines the discovery of Renaissance painting in Valtellina (from Gaudenzio Ferrari to Cipriano Valorsa) by Bernard Berenson, hypothesizing that the American connoisseur may have been pushed on this research paths also thanks to Edith Warthon’s books and frequentation.
Colaboração de subautoria: estudo cientométrico baseado nos artigos brasileiros com agradecimentos na Web of Science
Authors: Alvarez Gonzalo Rubén , Caregnato Sônia Elisa
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: A pesquisa explora, através dos agradecimentos de natureza não financeira identificados nos artigos de 2009-2016 indexados na Web of Science (WoS), a colaboração científica na ciência brasileira por disciplina/área.
Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo utilizou técnicas quantitativas (cientometria) e qualitativas (análise de conteúdo) para identificar e categorizar manualmente dados sobre colaboração de subautoria em publicações com agradecimentos de periódicos abrangidos pelas disciplinas WoS: Economia, Hematologia, Horticultura e Matemática, Aplicações Interdisciplinares. Nesse estudo, a categoria apoio conceitual/PIC - Peer Interactive Communication, considerada um tipo de agradecimento diferenciado, foi analisada com maior detalhamento.
Resultados: Os indicadores cientométricos mostram que os padrões de subautoria variam entre disciplinas. O predomínio de agradecimentos por apoio intelectual e/ou conceitual em disciplinas com orientação teórica e social aplicada como Economia e Matemática, Aplicações Interdisciplinares reflete o papel das contribuições intelectuais e/ou conceituais no interior dos colégios invisíveis. Por outro lado, a supremacia de agradecimentos por apoio técnico/instrumental em disciplinas com orientação técnica e experimental como Horticultura e Hematologia revela a intensidade dos laços de interdependência entre pesquisadores e especialistas (taxonomistas, técnicos de laboratório etc.) no interior dessas comunidades. O número considerável de indivíduos reconhecidos minimamente em agradecimentos por apoio intelectual e/ou conceitual pode não representar um alto grau de conexão em rede, mas simboliza a existência de vínculos colaborativos factuais entre autores e subautores, principalmente no campo da Economia.
Conclusões: Conclui que os tipos de agradecimentos identificados na ciência brasileira podem representar as diversas formas de interação e conectividade que são requeridas para a produção de novos conhecimentos por disciplina/área e retratar evidências importantes de colaboração “invisível” ou “oculta” em termos de apoio institucional/moral, técnico/instrumental, editorial, conceitual e/ou intelectual.