bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progressive Subsea Field Construction Benefits Projects Net Present Value
Authors: D'Huart Pierre-Emmanuel , Cocault-Duverger Vincent
Published: April 2019

In the "lower for longer" barrel price environment, new projects and field developments need cost effective improved approaches; amongst them, the concept of "Progressive Subsea Field Construction". In this alternative concept, construction of elements that are not critical to first oil but only here to support the assets integrity - typically subsea pipelines foundations and consolidating structures - is deferred to the operational life of the facilities, thus benefiting the cash-flow and net present value of a project. This principle is well known to field architects that strive at ensuring that the cash generated from early production is used to finance the rest of the development - "Production while drilling" is a typical example of such approach.

In the vision conveyed in this paper, part of the structural construction can be delivered as a continuous (staged) service rather than an initial investment.

The paper analyzes two real cases of pipelines in deep-water West Africa, representing the evolution of the state of the art over the past 15 years. It then benchmarks these real cases against a novel approach, to demonstrate the benefits of continuous service in staged construction and integrity management.

Results provided in this paper demonstrate that there is benefit to the economics of a project, a minimal increase of 2% of a pipeline system Net Present Value, in setting a monitoring procedure, a monitoring device (like a resident subsea inspection vehicle) and data management system to allow for continuous construction. The paper also demonstrates that economic benefit is furthermore amplified when time comes to extend the life of the asset, in such case the Net Present Value of the same system increases by 5%.

Since the case study focuses on pipeline anchoring, the paper also attempts at showing this concept could be used more extensively in full field developments.

Indeed, the novel approach proposed in this paper opens the door to a completely novel collaboration model between contractors and operators, establishing continuity of construction during the full life cycle of a field. It aims at generating discussions and new ways of thinking to help the industry evolve towards lower costs of development and more sustainable contracting models.
Optimization of Drilling in Deep-Offshore Gulf of Mexico Using Geomechanics: Example from Buckskin
Authors: Ait-Ettajer Taoufik , Giannangeli Federico , Wood Jonathan , White John , Litun Adam
Published: April 2019

The optimization of the field development in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) requires the collaboaration of multiple disciplines including drilling, geophysics, geology, petrophysics and geomechanics. The latter has been on the rise for several decades (Brehm, Davis, Ward, & Bowman, 2004) (Crawford, Homburg, Freysteinson, & Amoruso, 2018) (Zaki, Li, & Clinton, 2018), and it contributed to adding value through reducing the cost and the risks of drilling and completion in geologically complex areas such as the lower tertiary Wilcox. In the case of Buckskin field (Keathely Canyon), the use of 1D and 3D geomechanics techniques was necessary for the optimization of the drilling of the first development well in 2018, due to the high geological complexity (Ait-Ettajer, et al., 2017) and the chosen drilling design that included a highly deviated section through the reservoir section, in order to ensure a maximum reservoir contact and high well deliverability.

The geomechanics study, combined with a regional and local structural geology evaluation, indicated that the optimal well azimuth for the reservoir section is along the maximum horizontal stress since the tectonic regime is strike-slip (Tiwari, 2013), and that the completion integrity will be maintained throughout the life of the well. The results of the geomechanics study were in line with the prediction and ensured the injection of more than 4 million pounds of proppant in the reservoir section.
Triaxial Test System for Gas Hydrate-Bearing Sediments with Stable Conditions
Authors: Kang Chul-Whan , Kim Ah-Ram , Cho Gye-Chun , Lee Joo Yong
Published: April 2019

Under the seabed, gas hydrates are buried as solid materials that consist of water and gas molecules. Dissociation of gas hydrates induce mechanical properties change because solid-phase gas hydrates transformed to gas and liquid phase. Due to dissociation of gas hydrates, the bearing sediments can be collapsed or subsided. The triaxial test is a method for evaluating the mechanical properties of soil. Confining stress is applied to the specimen for simulating in-situ condition of the soil and axial loading is applied to induce shear failure. The modulus value can be derived through the relationship between the applying load and the strain level. Also cohesion and friction angle can be obtained based on the peak strength value according to various conditions of the confining stress. In the case of gas hydrate-bearing sediments, the mechanical properties change by the cementation effect of the gas hydrates. Therefore, experimental research for mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments are required to understand mechanical behaviors of the sediments. However, high pressure and low temperature conditions are necessary to maintain stable condition of gas hydrates during the experiments. The triaxial tests should be conducted under the gas hydrate stable environment. In this study, in order to simulate the gas hydrate-bearing sediments, we constructed a system that can perform triaxial tests under high pressure and low temperature environment. Then, triaxial tests were carried out using specimens of gas hydrate-bearing sediments. Mechanical properties that achieved from the triaxial tests can be used as input parameters for the numerical analysis, which simulate the gas hydrate dissociation process.
Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology: Confronting Issues of Scale and Context on the Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf
Authors: Evans Amanda M. , Keith Matthew E.
Published: April 2019

The northwestern Gulf of Mexico outer continental shelf includes approximately 38,660,700 acres of submerged land under federal permitting authority, which are in turn subject to NEPA and NHPA Section 106-compliant archaeological survey. Of those nearly 40 million acres, sea-level curve data correlating with periods of known human occupation in North America suggest that those portions of the outer continental shelf out to the 60 m depth contour could have been exposed as dry land and available for human occupation during the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene before sea-level reached current levels. After four decades of regulatory compliant survey and assessment, no definitive prehistoric archaeological sites have been identified on the outer continental shelf. Although this is a daunting statistic, it does not accurately reflect the state of submerged prehistoric research. It is necessary to assess the data as they pertain to establishing both the temporal and spatial context of submerged prehistoric archaeology.
An Enhanced Assembly for Management of Open Hole Deepwater Standalone Screen Injector Completions
Authors: Williams Mark , Okengwu Victor , Bourgneuf Patrick , Guan Modem , Roane Thomas , Chaloupka Vladimir
Published: April 2019

A major operator with two large projects in Africa has been using a unique subassembly design, called the dual-isolation assembly (DIA), positioned on the bottom or toe of an open hole stand-alone screen (SAS) completion. The main objective of the DIA is to enhance the circulation process for washdown capabilities and provide efficient management and removal of the filter cake for the subsequent improvement of injectivity rates by lowering formation skin values on the injector wells.

After providing high-rate washdown through the float shoe at the toe of the completion, the DIA provides a means of circulating a filter cake removal treatment for the open hole. Once the filter cake treatment has been circulated sufficiently, the service tools are retrieved from the completion to surface. For an injector well, the flow path into the formation would be through the sand-control screens and the float shoe from the inside. Since the float shoe incorporates spring-loaded valves that would normally open during injection and close when pumping stops, it is beneficial to lock the valves out of service to prevent long term spring fatigue that could cause the valves to remain open at some point during the life of the well, allowing flow back of formation material inside the screens. After treatment of the open hole, an additional function of the DIA is to close the barrier isolation valve to isolate the formation while the filter cake treatment is activating.

As a continuation of an earlier paper (Roane, et al. 2018), the DIA has met all expectations on all 19 wells where it has been implemented in Africa. Due to enhanced procedures, the mechanical skins have averaged 2.5 and injectivity indices have averaged above 140 (B/D/psi) on these wells. Installation times have continually improved during the project due to following best practices.

In addition to fulfilling the requirements of these standalone screen (SAS) completions, the DIA design addresses other potential challenges, such as the prevention of hydraulic locks and formation swabbing, which can be detrimental and problematic to open hole completions. Other characteristics of the DIA that benefit open hole management were realized during the course of the project, such as the capability of the DIA to wash through the interior of the isolation barrier valve prior to closing the valve. Once closed, the valve can be re-opened and re-closed as required.

An important aspect of the physical attributes of the DIA that benefits logistics and running speed of the completion is its compact design allowing it to be completely assembled in the shop and shipped to location, such that it is a single pickup and makeup on the rig floor. This benefit has been exhibited by continual improvement in completion installation times throughout the project.
Assessing the Pile Driving Risk Due to the Presence of Boulders
Authors: Stevens Robert F. , Westgate Zack , Kocijan Jerko
Published: April 2019

Boulders are known to be present within foundation zone depths at some Atlantic East Coast wind energy development areas, which can make it difficult to level a piled jacket or template and can lead to the progressive collapse of the pile toe, causing premature refusal during pile driving. Although detection and avoidance are preferred over mitigation, numerical analysis methods are available to assess the risk of pile refusal, which allows for informed decisions on whether avoidance is required and what types of mitigation to consider during construction. Detailed numerical evaluation (using one-dimensional wave equation analyses and two- and three-dimensional finite difference and finite element modeling) was performed to develop a better understanding of stresses in the pile during driving. The numerical modeling evaluated the effect of strength, thickness, inclination, shoe length, wall thickness, and lateral continuity on pile stresses. A three-dimensional model of the pile and driving shoe subjected to stress-time histories was used to evaluate the stresses at the pile toe and at the transition from the pile to the driving shoe. Example results are presented to illustrate failure mechanisms of hard layers that include boulders, and high-level guidance is provided on operational sequences and potential contingency measures.
An Ideation and Roadmapping Workshop on the Development of AUVs for Oil & Gas Subsea Applications
Authors: Ghorbel Fathi H. , Kapusta Sergio , Allen John
Published: April 2019

The Subsea Oil and Gas industry is quickly moving toward deeper waters, complex, challenging, and dynamic working environments, while requiring the highest level of safety. Tasks that have been historically undertaken by workers in shallow waters are now performed by Remotely Operated underwater Vehicles (ROV) at water depths that humans cannot survive. ROV's are being used for intervention (Work-class ROV's, WROV) and for surveillance on drilling and production systems and pipeline. ROVs inherently have several limitations including requirement of a large operating crew, a need of a dynamically positioned surface vessel, tether management, and high cost mobilization and demobilization. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV) are now emerging with new capabilities and technologies that could make them more efficient and more cost effective than ROVs. New paradigms in shape, autonomy, sensing and communication and physical capabilities are needed to make AUVs the tool of choice for deepwater industry. An ideation and roadmapping workshop on the Development of AUVs for Subsea Applications was held at Rice Uni-versity that (i) generated a consensus from Oil & Gas operators, service providers, technology developers and providers, academics and policy makers of the anticipated needs and wishes for AUV technology in10 years, (ii) identified gaps between current status and future needs, and (iii) developed a roadmap of specific technical needs, gaps and solutions, and identified how and when those gaps might be closed.
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Promotes Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil (PMN) Pericellular Proteolysis by Anchoring Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 and -9 to PMN Surfaces
Authors: Wang Xiaoyun , Rojas-Quintero Joselyn , Wilder Julie , Tesfaigzi Yohannes , Zhang Duo , Owen Caroline A.
Published: April 2019

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–8 and –9 released by degranulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) promote pericellular proteolysis by binding to PMN surfaces in a catalytically active tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-resistant forms. The PMN receptor(s) to which MMP-8 and MMP-9 bind(s) is not known. Competitive binding experiments showed that Mmp-8 and Mmp-9 share binding sites on murine PMN surfaces. A novel form of TIMP-1 (an inhibitor of soluble MMPs) is rapidly expressed on PMN surfaces when human PMNs are activated. Membrane-bound TIMP-1 is the PMN receptor for pro– and active MMP-8 and -9 as shown by the following: 1) TIMP-1 is strikingly colocalized with MMP-8 and -9 on activated human PMN surfaces and in PMN extracellular traps; 2) minimal immunoreactive and active Mmp-8 or Mmp-9 are detected on the surface of activated Timp-1−/− murine PMNs; and 3) binding of exogenous Timp-1 (but not Timp-2) to Timp-1−/− murine PMNs reconstitutes the binding of exogenous pro–Mmp-8 and pro–Mmp-9 to the surface of Timp-1−/− PMNs. Unlike full-length pro–Mmp-8 and pro–Mmp-9, mutant pro-Mmp proteins lacking the COOH-terminal hemopexin domain fail to bind to Mmp-8−/−x Mmp-9−/− murine PMNs. Soluble hemopexin inhibits the binding of pro–Mmp-8 and pro–Mmp-9 to Mmp-8−/−x Mmp-9−/− murine PMNs. Thus, the COOH-terminal hemopexin domains of pro–Mmp-8 and pro–Mmp-9 are required for their binding to membrane-bound Timp-1 on murine PMNs. Exposing nonhuman primates to cigarette smoke upregulates colocalized expression of TIMP-1 with MMP-8 and MMP-9 on peripheral blood PMN surfaces. By anchoring MMP-8 and MMP-9 to PMN surfaces, membrane-bound TIMP-1 plays a counterintuitive role in promoting PMN pericellular proteolysis occurring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other diseases.
Community-based rehabilitation workers’ perspectives of wheelchair provision in Uganda: A qualitative study
Authors: Seymour Nikola , Geiger Martha , Scheffler Elsje
Published: April 2019

Background: The challenges of wheelchair provision and use in less resourced settings are the focus of global efforts to enhance wheelchair service delivery. The shortage of professional wheelchair service providers in these settings necessitates the collaboration of multiple stakeholders, including community-based rehabilitation (CBR) workers, whose role needs to be further understood.Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine what CBR workers in three areas of Uganda perceived as (1) the challenges with wheelchair provision and use, (2) the factors contributing to these challenges, (3) the role they themselves can potentially play and (4) what facilitators they need to achieve this.Method: This qualitative study in the transformative paradigm comprised focus group discussions to gather perceptions from 21 CBR workers in three areas of Uganda, each with an operational wheelchair service, participant observations and field notes. Thematic analysis of data was implemented.Results: Community-based rehabilitation workers’ perceptions of challenges were similar while perceived causes of challenges differed as influenced by location, historical and current wheelchair availability and the CBR workers’ roles. Their main responsibilities included assistance in overcoming barriers to access the service, transfer of skills and knowledge related to wheelchairs, follow-up of users for wheelchair-related problem-solving, and user and community empowerment.Conclusion: Community-based rehabilitation workers can contribute in various ways to wheelchair service delivery and inclusion of wheelchair users; however, their capabilities are not consistently applied. Considering the diversity of contextual challenges, CBR workers’ range of responsive approaches, knowledge of networks and ability to work in the community make their input valuable. However, to optimise their contribution, specific planning for their training and financial needs and effective engagement in the wheelchair services delivery system are essential.
Passenger Vehicle Dynamic Response and Characterization of Side Structure during Low- to Moderate-Speed Side Impacts
Authors: Skiera Jason , Crosby Charles , Bare Cleve , Paradiso Marc , Campbell Gregory
Published: April 2019

A significant portion of real-world passenger vehicle side impacts occur at lower speeds than testing conducted by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) or the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). Test data from low- to moderate-speed side impacts involving late-model passenger vehicles is limited, making the evaluation of vehicle impact response, occupant loading, and injury potential challenging. This study provides the results of low- to moderate-speed impact testing involving a late-model mid-size sedan. Two full-scale Non-Deformable Moving Barrier (NDMB) side impact crash tests were conducted at speeds of 6.2 mph (10.0 kph) and 13.4 mph (21.6 kph). Instrumentation on the late-model sedan used for the test series included tri-axis accelerometers and seat belt load cells. In both tests, instrumented Hybrid III 50th percentile-male Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) were restrained in the driver and passenger seats using the standard three-point seat belts. Response data for the vehicle, barrier, and ATDs was recorded using onboard data acquisition, and on- and off-board real-time and high-speed video cameras. In addition, the deformation to the side of the sedan was quantified from pre- and post-test laser scan data.

Results from the test series provided data regarding accelerations, velocity change, and restitution. The damage to the side structure of the vehicle was assessed and conclusions regarding damage initiation and damage progression are discussed. Conservation of Momentum and Conservation of Energy analyses are presented and force-displacement characteristics and energy dissipation were evaluated and compared. Utilizing the data that was developed from the test series, vehicle side stiffness modeling was also conducted.
Pioneirismo extensionista na Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte: curso à distância em primeiros socorros e suporte básico de vida
Authors: Pinheiro Perside Dos Santos , Feitosa Matheus Ferreira , Da Silveira Giulia Mendonça , Casimiro Nadjaneyre Linhares , Cunha João Paulo Queiroz Cardoso , Da Silva Nathalia Gonçalves , Alves Camila Rafaella Nunes , De Morais Vanessa Regina , Zanata Indira Coan , Senra Mycaele Carine dos Anjos , Adami Rafaela Dias , Varela-Barca Francisco Napoleão Tulio
Published: April 2019

A extensão universitária tem como finalidade desenvolver intervenções abrangentes e impactantes na sociedade. O curso de suporte básico de vida na universidade do estado do rio grande do norte (uern) visa contemplar esses objetivos através da disseminação do conhecimento teórico-prático em medidas de primeiros socorros voltadas ao público em geral, por meio de uma linguagem acessível e de metodologias dinâmicas. São abordadas as situações de urgência e emergência mais frequentes em atendimento pré-hospitalar, nas quais, a intervenção precoce funciona como medida salvadora de vida por meio de aulas práticas e teóricas. Este trabalho deteve-se a mostrar como essa iniciativa vem se desenvolvendo, implantando novas modalidades de acesso à informação técnica sobre primeiros socorros, bem como todas as estratégias utilizadas no intuito de treinar efetivamente acadêmicos e leigos. o projeto está em vigor desde o ano de 2013 e, consequentemente à importância do tema, a cada ano, o número de participantes capacitados tem aumentado progressivamente, corroborando a qualidade da informação repassada e o seu respaldo perante à universidade e aos cidadãos. Nesse sentido, é imprescindível a continuidade de caráter permanente do curso, a fim de promover a importância e a atualização constante desse tema tão recorrente e negligenciado, apontando ainda, para a promoção em saúde também no ambiente virtual, levando a informação precisa a qualquer lugar do mundo com acesso à internet.
Hybrid-Vlasov modelling of nightside auroral proton precipitation during southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions
Authors: Grandin Maxime , Battarbee Markus , Osmane Adnane , Ganse Urs , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Turc Lucile , Brito Thiago , Koskela Tuomas , Dubart Maxime , Palmroth Minna
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Particle precipitation plays a key role in the coupling of the terrestrial magnetosphere and ionosphere by modifying the upper atmospheric conductivity and chemistry, driving field-aligned currents, and producing aurora. Yet, quantitative observations of precipitating fluxes are limited, since ground-based instruments can only provide indirect measurements of precipitation while particle telescopes onboard spacecraft merely enable point-like in-situ observations with inherently coarse time resolution above a given location. Further, orbit time scales generally prevent the analysis of whole events. On the other hand, global magnetospheric simulations can provide estimations of particle precipitation with a global view and higher time resolution. We present the first results of auroral (~ 1–30 keV) proton precipitation estimation using the Vlasiator global hybrid-Vlasov model in a noon-midnight meridional plane simulation driven by steady solar wind with southward interplanetary magnetic field. We first calculate the bounce loss cone angle value at selected locations in the simulated nightside magnetosphere. Then, using the velocity distribution function representation of the proton population at those selected points, we study the population inside the loss cone. This enables the estimation of differential precipitating number fluxes as would be measured by a particle detector onboard a low-Earth-orbiting spacecraft. The obtained differential flux values are in agreement with a well-established empirical model in the midnight sector, as are also the integral energy flux and mean precipitating energy. We discuss the time evolution of the precipitation parameters derived in this manner in the global context of nightside magnetospheric activity in this simulation, and we find in particular that precipitation bursts of
Evaluation of terrestrial pan-Arctic carbon cycling using a data-assimilation system
Authors: López-Blanco Efrén , Exbrayat Jean-François , Lund Magnus , Christensen Torben R. , Tamstorf Mikkel P. , Slevin Darren , Hugelius Gustaf , Bloom Anthony A. , Williams Mathew
Published: April 2019

Abstract. There is a significant knowledge gap in the current state
of the terrestrial carbon (C) budget. Recent studies have highlighted a poor
understanding particularly of C pool transit times and of whether productivity
or biomass dominate these biases. The Arctic, accounting for approximately
50 % of the global soil organic C stocks, has an important role in the
global C cycle. Here, we use the CARbon DAta MOdel (CARDAMOM) data-assimilation system to
produce pan-Arctic terrestrial C cycle analyses for 2000–2015. This approach
avoids using traditional plant functional type or steady-state assumptions.
We integrate a range of data (soil organic C, leaf area index, biomass, and
climate) to determine the most likely state of the high-latitude C cycle at
a 1∘ × 1∘ resolution and also to provide general
guidance about the controlling biases in transit times. On average, CARDAMOM
estimates regional mean rates of photosynthesis of 565 g C m−2 yr−1
(90 % confidence interval between the 5th and 95th percentiles: 428, 741),
autotrophic respiration of 270 g C m−2 yr−1 (182, 397) and
heterotrophic respiration of 219 g C m−2 yr−1 (31, 1458),
suggesting a pan-Arctic sink of −67 (−287, 1160) g Cm−2 yr−1, weaker in tundra and stronger in taiga. However, our
confidence intervals remain large (and so the region could be a source of C),
reflecting uncertainty assigned to the regional data products. We show a
clear spatial and temporal agreement between CARDAMOM analyses and different
sources of assimilated and independent data at both pan-Arctic and local
scales but also identify consistent biases between CARDAMOM and validation
data. The assimilation process requires clearer error quantification for leaf area index (LAI) and biomass products to resolve these biases. Mapping of vegetation C stocks
and change over time and soil C ages linked to soil C stocks is required
for better analytical constraint. Comparing CARDAMOM analyses to global
vegetation models (GVMs) for the same period, we conclude that transit times
of vegetation C are inconsistently simulated in GVMs due to a combination of
uncertainties from productivity and biomass calculations. Our findings
highlight that GVMs need to focus on constraining both current vegetation C
stocks and net primary production to improve a process-based understanding of
C cycle dynamics in the Arctic.
North Pacific subtropical sea surface temperature frontogenesis and its connection with the atmosphere above
Authors: Zhang Leying , Xu Haiming , Ma Jing , Shi Ning , Deng Jiechun
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The net heat flux
and meridional temperature advection in the ocean are two factors in the
North Pacific subtropical sea surface temperature front (NPSTF) frontogenesis
occurring from October to the following February. However, the relative
importance of these two factors has been rarely explored. In this study,
frontogenesis of the NPSTF is examined quantitatively based on the
mixed-layer heat budget equation to clarify the relative importance of net
heat flux and meridional temperature advection and to further explore its
connection with the atmosphere above. Diagnosis results show that the net
heat flux dominates the frontogenesis from October to December, while the
meridional temperature advection in the ocean contributes equally as or even
more than the net heat flux in January and February. The atmosphere is
critical to the frontogenesis of the NPSTF, including the direct effect of
the net heat flux and the indirect effect through the Aleutian low. Further
analyses demonstrate that the latent heat flux (the shortwave radiation)
dominates the net heat flux in October (from November to February). The
meridional temperature advection in the ocean is mostly due to the meridional
Ekman convergence, which is related to the Aleutian low. Climatologically,
the strengthening and southward migration of the Aleutian low from October to
the following February are characterized by the acceleration and southward
shift of the westerly wind to the south, respectively, which can drive
southward ocean currents. Correspondingly, the southward ocean currents
provide for colder meridional advection to the north of the NPSTF in January
and February, favoring frontogenesis. In addition, the Aleutian low plays a
role in transforming the dominant effect of the net heat flux into the joint
effect of meridional temperature advection and net heat flux in January.
Evaluating the E3SM land model version 0 (ELMv0) at a temperate forest site using flux and soil water measurements
Authors: Liang Junyi , Wang Gangsheng , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Gu Lianhong , Hanson Paul J. , Wood Jeffrey D. , Mayes Melanie A.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Accurate simulations of soil respiration and carbon
dioxide (CO2) fluxes are critical to project global biogeochemical
cycles and the magnitude of carbon–climate feedbacks in Earth system models
(ESMs). Currently, soil respiration is not represented well in ESMs, and few
studies have attempted to address this deficiency. In this study, we
evaluated the simulation of soil respiration in the Energy Exascale Earth
System Model (E3SM) land model version 0 (ELMv0) using long-term
observations from the Missouri Ozark AmeriFlux (MOFLUX) forest site in the
central US. Simulations using the default model parameters underestimated
soil water potential (SWP) during peak growing seasons and overestimated SWP
during non-growing seasons and consequently underestimated annual soil
respiration and gross primary production (GPP). A site-specific soil water
retention curve greatly improved model simulations of SWP, GPP, and soil
respiration. However, the model continued to underestimate the seasonal and
interannual variabilities and the impact of the extreme drought in 2012.
Potential reasons may include inadequate representations of vegetation
mortality, the soil moisture function, and the dynamics of microbial
organisms and soil macroinvertebrates. Our results indicate that the
simulations of mean annual GPP and soil respiration can be significantly
improved by better model representations of the soil water retention curve.
The Brazilian Earth System Model ocean–atmosphere (BESM-OA) version 2.5: evaluation of its CMIP5 historical simulation
Authors: Veiga Sandro F. , Nobre Paulo , Giarolla Emanuel , Capistrano Vinicius , Baptista Jr. Manoel , Marquez André L. , Figueroa Silvio Nilo , Bonatti José Paulo , Kubota Paulo , Nobre Carlos A.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The performance of the coupled ocean–atmosphere component of the Brazilian Earth System
Model version 2.5 (BESM-OA2.5) was evaluated in simulating the historical period
1850–2005. After a climate model validation procedure in which the main atmospheric and
oceanic variabilities were evaluated against observed and reanalysis datasets, the
evaluation specifically focused on the mean climate state and the most important
large-scale climate variability patterns simulated in the historical run, which was
forced by the observed greenhouse gas concentration. The most significant upgrades in the
model's components are also briefly presented here. BESM-OA2.5 could reproduce the most
important large-scale variabilities, particularly over the Atlantic Ocean (e.g., the
North Atlantic Oscillation, the Atlantic Meridional Mode, and the Atlantic Meridional
Overturning Circulation), and the extratropical modes that occur in both hemispheres. The
model's ability to simulate such large-scale variabilities supports its usefulness for
seasonal climate prediction and in climate change studies.
The global aerosol–climate model ECHAM6.3–HAM2.3 – Part 1: Aerosol evaluation
Authors: Tegen Ina , Neubauer David , Ferrachat Sylvaine , Siegenthaler-Le Drian Colombe , Bey Isabelle , Schutgens Nick , Stier Philip , Watson-Parris Duncan , Stanelle Tanja , Schmidt Hauke , Rast Sebastian , Kokkola Harri , Schultz Martin , Schroeder Sabine , Daskalakis Nikos , Barthel Stefan , Heinold Bernd , Lohmann Ulrike
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We introduce and
evaluate aerosol simulations with the global aerosol–climate model
ECHAM6.3–HAM2.3, which is the aerosol component of the fully coupled
aerosol–chemistry–climate model ECHAM–HAMMOZ. Both the host atmospheric
climate model ECHAM6.3 and the aerosol model HAM2.3 were updated from
previous versions. The updated version of the HAM aerosol model contains
improved parameterizations of aerosol processes such as cloud activation, as
well as updated emission fields for anthropogenic aerosol species and
modifications in the online computation of sea salt and mineral dust aerosol
emissions. Aerosol results from nudged and free-running simulations for the
10-year period 2003 to 2012 are compared to various measurements of aerosol
properties. While there are regional deviations between the model and
observations, the model performs well overall in terms of aerosol optical
thickness, but may underestimate coarse-mode aerosol concentrations to some
extent so that the modeled particles are smaller than indicated by the
observations. Sulfate aerosol measurements in the US and Europe are
reproduced well by the model, while carbonaceous aerosol species are biased
low. Both mineral dust and sea salt aerosol concentrations are improved
compared to previous versions of ECHAM–HAM. The evaluation of the simulated
aerosol distributions serves as a basis for the suitability of the model for
simulating aerosol–climate interactions in a changing climate.
pygeodyn 1.0.0: a Python package for geomagnetic data assimilation
Authors: Huder Loïc , Gillet Nicolas , Thollard Franck
Published: April 2019

Abstract. pygeodyn is a sequential geomagnetic data assimilation package written in Python. It gives access to the core surface dynamics, controlled by geomagnetic observations, by means of a stochastic model anchored to geodynamo simulation statistics. pygeodyn aims at giving access to a user-friendly and flexible data assimilation algorithm. It is designed to be tunable by the community by different means: possibility to use embedded data and priors, or to supply custom ones; tunable parameters through configuration files; adapted documentation for several user profiles. In addition, output files are directly supported by the package webgeodyn that provides a set of visualisation tools to explore the results of computations.
Controls on spatial and temporal variability in streamflow and hydrochemistry in a glacierized catchment
Authors: Engel Michael , Penna Daniele , Bertoldi Giacomo , Vignoli Gianluca , Tirler Werner , Comiti Francesco
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Understanding the hydrological and hydrochemical functioning of glacierized
catchments requires the knowledge of the different controlling factors and
their mutual interplay. For this purpose, the present study was carried out
in two sub-catchments of the glacierized Sulden River catchment
(130 km2; eastern Italian Alps) in 2014 and 2015, characterized by a
similarly sized but contrasting geological setting. Samples were taken at
different space and timescales for analysis of stable isotopes in water,
electrical conductivity, and major, minor and trace elements. At the monthly sampling scale, complex spatial and temporal dynamics for
different spatial scales (0.05–130 km2) were found, such as
contrasting electrical conductivity gradients in both sub-catchments.
For the entire
Sulden catchment, the relationship between discharge and electrical
conductivity showed a monthly hysteretic pattern. Hydrometric and geochemical
dynamics were controlled by interplay of meteorological conditions,
topography and geological heterogeneity. A principal component analysis
revealed that the largest variance (36.3 %) was explained by heavy metal
concentrations (such as Al, V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Cd and Pb) during the melting
period, while the remaining variance (16.3 %) resulted from the bedrock
type in the upper Sulden sub-catchment (inferred from electrical
conductivity, Ca, K, As and Sr concentrations). Thus, high concentrations of
As and Sr in rock glacier outflow may more likely result from bedrock
weathering. Furthermore, nivo-meteorological indicators such as daily maximum
air temperature and daily maximum global solar radiation represented
important meteorological controls, with a significant snowmelt contribution
when exceeding 5 ∘C or 1000 W m−2, respectively. These
insights may help in better understanding and predicting hydrochemical
catchment responses linked to meteorological and geological controls and in
guiding future classifications of glacierized catchments according to their
hydrochemical characteristics.
Strategies for increasing tsunami shelter accessibility to enhance hazard risk adaptive capacity in coastal port cities: a study of Nagoya city, Japan
Authors: Zhang Weitao , Wu Jiayu , Yun Yingxia
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Coastal areas face a significant risk of tsunami after a nearby heavy
earthquake. Comprehensive coastal port cities often complicate and intensify
this risk due to the high vulnerability of their communities and liabilities
associated with secondary damage. Accessibility to tsunami shelters is a key
measure of adaptive capacity in response to tsunami risks and should
therefore be enhanced. This study integrates the hazards that create risk
into two dimensions: hazard-product risk and hazard-affected risk.
Specifically, the hazard-product risk measures the hazard occurrence
probability, intensity, duration, and extension in a system. The
hazard-affected risk measures the extent to which the system is affected by
the hazard occurrence. This enables the study of specific strategies for
responding to each kind of risk to enhance accessibility to tsunami
shelters. Nagoya city in Japan served as the case study: the city is one of
the most advanced tsunami-resilient port cities in the world. The spatial
distribution of the hazard-product risk and hazard-affected risk was first
visualized in 165 school district samples, covering 213 km2 using a hot spot analysis. The results suggest that the rules governing the distribution
of these two-dimensional (2-D) risks are significantly different. By refining
the tsunami evacuation time–space routes, traffic-location-related
indicators, referring to three-scale traffic patterns with three-hierarchy
traffic roads, are used as accessibility variables. Two-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyse the differences in these
accessibility variables to compare the 2-D risk. MANOVA was also used to
assess the difference of accessibility between high-level risk and low-level
risk in each risk dimension. The results show that tsunami shelter
accessibility strategies, targeting hazard-product risk and hazard-affected
risk, are significantly different in Nagoya. These different strategies are
needed to adapt to the risk.
The Relation between the Lifelong Learning Competencies and Occupational Motivation Levels of the Teachers Who Received Postgraduate Education
Authors: Özden Bülent , Alyıldız Uğurlu Aslıhan , Sarıcan Elif
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between lifelong learning competencies and occupational motivation level of the teachers who completed postgraduate education. The research was designed in accordance with the correlational research model. A total of 52 teachers (41 female and 11 male) attending Marmara University’s Institute of Educational Sciences in different disciplines were selected using the simple random sampling method. Their average of age is 25. The data of the study were collected through Lifelong Learning Key Competencies Scale and Occupational Motivation Scale. Results showed that the lifelong learning competencies of the teachers who received postgraduate education are sufficient or very sufficient. Results also showed that the level of occupational motivation of the teachers with postgraduate education is high.
Diagnóstico institucional : ¿cómo se construye el género en la Facultad de Teología y Humanidades de la Universidad Luterana Salvadoreña?
Authors: Quintana Pérez David Alberto
Published: April 2019

La Universidad no solo hace Docencia, Investigación y Proyección Social, voluntaria o involuntariamente también reproduce un modo de vida. Bajo esta premisa, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo, el cual tuvo como propósito diagnosticar la construcción social de género al interior de la Facultad de Teología y Humanidades, de la Universidad Luterana Salvadoreña (ULS), a partir de las relaciones que se producen en la Comunidad Universitaria, como resultado del desarrollo del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje, en lo concerniente al periodo 2016-2017.En correspondencia con el objeto de estudio y objetivos del mismo, la investigación fue realizada bajo el método cualitativo, el cual propició el uso de técnicas como la observación no participante, entrevista enfocada y grupos focales. Cabe mencionar que acorde al propósito del estudio se trabajó con una muestra intencional o de conveniencia de 27 informantes claves, siendo estos Decanatos, Coordinadores de carrera, docentes y estudiantes universitarios, los cuales fueron seleccionados a partir de su accesibilidad e idoneidad de participación.El estudio concluye, que las relaciones que se producen entre los diferentes miembros de la comunidad universitaria, resultan mediadas por una estructura jerárquica propia del sistema patriarcal. Sin embargo, es posible identificar apertura y esfuerzos desde estudiantes, docentes y coordinaciones de carrera en la construcción de relaciones más equitativas e igualitarias entre mujeres y hombres, en las que la anuencia del currículo oficial y oculto pasa casi totalmente desapercibida.
Igualdad de género en el plan de estudios generales de pregrado en una universidad pública
Authors: Barreda Parra Aymé , Peña Téllez Norma
Published: April 2019

El tema de igualdad de género en el plan de estudios generales de pregrado en una universidad pública es pertinente, porque permite a profesores y estudiantes generar espacios de reﬂexión y promover valores para el ejercicio de sus deberes y derechos. El objetivo fue analizar la inclusión de género en el plan de estudios generales de pregrado para luego reﬂexionar sobre los resultados. Es un estudio descriptivo transaccional con metodología mixta. Se aplicó una encuesta a 143 estudiantes con edades entre 17 y 22 años, con la finalidad de conocer su opinión en relación a la igualdad de género, después de haber seguido las asignaturas de Razonamiento Lógico Matemático, Ciudadanía e Interculturalidad y Realidad Nacional, las cuales son obligatorias desde el año 2017 de acuerdo a la ley universitaria peruana 30220. Los resultados son alentadores en lo que respecta a la percepción positiva que tienen las mujeres de sus habilidades, pero limitado en la información que poseen sobre su participación a cargos públicos. Visualizar el problema permite concluir que en estas asignaturas se trabajan temas de género que permanecen en el recuerdo de los estudiantes; no obstante, persisten los estereotipos que son transmitidos a través de la cultura y que justifican la violencia que ejercen los hombres.
El género en la academia : los planes de estudio de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
Authors: Bonavitta Paola , Camacho Becerra Jeli , Garay Hernández Jimena de , Johnson Cecilia , Bard Wigdor Gabriela , Gastiazoro María Eugenia , Muñoz Rodríguez Luisa Fernanda , Artaz Gabriela , Menoyo Sofía , Sarmiento Laura
Published: April 2019

La Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) es una de las pioneras en Argentina en crear un Doctorado en Estudios de Género. Esto parecería indicar, a simple vista, un avance en la materia. No obstante, ¿qué sucede en los estudios de grado? ¿Es el género una perspectiva implementada por las carreras? ¿Se considera al género de manera transversal a todos los estudios, tanto de nivel medio como superior y superior universitario? Este trabajo indaga particularmente en los estudios de nivel superior universitarios, para analizar si los estudios de género están incluidos en la academia a partir de la revisión y análisis de los planes de estudios universitarios la única institución estatal universitaria que funciona en Córdoba (segunda ciudad más importante de Argentina); para lo cual, aplicando un método, analizamos estadísticamente los planes de estudios de todas las carreras de grado y posgrado que se dictan en la UNC y reflexionamos sobre la inserción o no de asignaturas feministas o relacionadas directamente con los estudios de género en dicha institución.
De vrijheid om te kiezen of thuis te blijven
Authors: Brons Claartje , Metze Tamara
Published: April 2019

The freedom to vote or stay at home

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
Opkomst bij verkiezingen: onbekend maakt onbemind
Authors: Jansen Eddy Habben
Published: April 2019

Election turnout: unknown makes unloved

Reflection and debate initiates academically inspired discussions on issues that are on the current policy agenda.
Novel Approach to Dye Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Fabric in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide with Natural Curcuminoid Dyes
Authors: Kabir Shekh Mamun , Hasan Mahabub , Uddin Zulhash
Published: April 2019

The use of natural dyes has increased in the last few decades due to the eco-friendly approach of dyeing. There are still some limitations that are associated with natural dyes, such as dyeing efficiency, reproducibility of shades, process complexity, availability etc. The main problem associated with the dyeing property of natural dyes is “low exhaustion”. In this study, natural dyestuff from Curcuma longa L. was extracted and polyethylene terephthalate fabric was dyed with it in the same bath by employing the supercritical carbon dioxide method. The method was developed to improve the dye-ability of natural dyes and reduce the process time and effluent. Curcuminoid dye exhaustion on PET fabric showed almost 80% by using supercritical carbon dioxide dyeing methods, and the highest colour strength (K/S = 12) was obtained. Coloured polyethylene terephthalate fabric treated with supercritical carbon dioxide showed deeper shades (L* = 72.92) and better fastness properties as compared with high temperature exhaust dyeing methods.
Oncological social work as the support for the family faced with the disease
Authors: Pawlas-Czyż Sabina
Published: April 2019

The purpose of the article is to consider a unit and family experience in confrontation with an oncology disease, showing a high degree of complexity and psych-social functioning marked with a disease. The knowledge on physical, social, emotional, existential-spiritual consequences of the disease is the basis for the ability to assess, to which degree the disturbances affect the well-being of the family and his family. However it is one of the prerequisites which encourages for deepening theoretical bases for the actions for undertaking practical consid-erations with reference to the shape of the aid offer which should be available within the support system for the patients and their families in oncological disease within social work. Among the activities concerning executing care of the patients, being recommended in the oncological tasks of the social workers is the need to accompany the units and the family faced with the disease in obtaining the possibility to function in social roles as most as possible: marital/partner, family, in professional roles. These oncological social workers undertake effective interventions allowing for overcoming the consequences of the crisis caused by the disease and strengthening the resources in the interpersonal relations and the environment of the patient.
The professional work oriented to strengthening the families of the oncologically sick persons consti-tutes a special area which may extend the professional identity of the social worker with the activity in the field which is somehow a statutory obligation of the social work, but its use in practice is not a common phenomenon.