bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The behavior expressed by the parturient during birth: the reflections of prenatal care
Authors: Melo Katia de Lima , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Leão Diva Cristina Morett Romano , Silva Luana Asturiano da
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Identificar, segundo a visão da mulher, a influência das orientações recebidas no pré-natal em suas próprias atitudes durante o trabalho de parto e parto; apontar, segundo a visão da mulher, as próprias atitudes durante o trabalho de parto e parto; investigar se essas atitudes foram influenciadas pelas orientações recebidas na assistência pré-natal. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, com dez puérperas do alojamento conjunto da Maternidade Oswaldo de Nazareth da cidade do Rio d Janeiro, mediante entrevista semiestruturada e analisado com os preceitos da análise temática, após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética da SMSDS-RJ, sob nº 185/12. Resultados: A mulher torna-se empoderada e mais ativa durante o processo do parto quando recebem informações de autonomia e direitos inerentes as informações da consulta de pré-natal. Conclusão: A mulher retorna a seu papel de sujeito ativo e o pré-natal como um excelente momento de troca do profissional-paciente.
Teaching the history of nursing administration: the strategy of construction timeline
Authors: Domingues Neves Ana Lucia , Bover Draganov Patricia , Sanna Maria Cristina
Published: May 2021

Introdução: As estratégias de ensino inspiradas na Andragogia são adequadas para ensinar o conteúdo sobre a História do Ensino de Administração em Enfermagem. Objetivo: Relatar a estratégia de aprendizagem de criação de uma linha do tempo sobre “o que e para quem é ensinado o conteúdo de Administração em Enfermagem” em uma disciplina de pós-graduação “senso strito”.Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de aplicação de uma estratégia de ensino na disciplina História da Administração em Enfermagem, do Programa de Pós-graduação Senso Estrito realizada em maio de 2013. Utilizada a técnica de oficina, realizado o preparo do ambiente, organização dos materiais; orientações sobre a aula e execução da estratégia.Resultados: A aplicação da estratégia foi proposta testada por alunos e professora e seus principais produtos foram painéis interativos compondo a linha do tempo em história da enfermagem. Conclusão: A estratégia foi considerada adequada para a discussão do conteúdo e a organização pertinente ao proposto.
Nursing difficulties in using playfulness to care for a hospitalized child with cancer
Authors: Bastos Depianti Jéssica Renata , Silva Liliane Faria da , Monteiro Ana Claudia Moreira , Soares Rafael Silva
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as dificuldades enfrentadas pela equipe de enfermagem na utilização do lúdico durante o cuidado à criança com câncer hospitalizada. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em setor de internação pediátrica de hospital no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos foram 11 profissionais da equipe de enfermagem. A coleta de dados ocorreu em abril de 2012, por meio de observação não participante e entrevista semiestruturada. Resultados: Emergiram as seguintes unidades temáticas: dificuldades relacionadas aos brinquedos no setor; dificuldades relacionadas às condições comportamentais da criança; e dificuldades relacionadas à dinâmica de trabalho: falta de tempo. Conclusão: Constatou-se a necessidade de atentar às particularidades e necessidades das crianças, pois o brincar faz parte do desenvolvimento infantil e não se pode privá-las de crescer de forma saudável.
Postoperative visit as a strategy for assessment of nursing care quality in intraoperative
Authors: Xavier Tatiane , Silva Maristela Freitas , Pereira Frias Thais Falcão
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem prestada ao paciente no período transoperatório. Métodos: Pesquisa de campo, quantitativa descritiva, realizada com 25 pacientes internados nas enfermarias cirúrgicas do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto, no período pós-operatório, entre julho a outubro de 2012. Os dados foram obtidos da entrevista e do exame físico constantes no instrumento de visita pós-operatória, construído para avaliar a assistência de enfermagem prestada no período transoperatório. A análise dos dados deu-se pela estatística descritiva simples. Resultados: Um paciente apresentou dois eventos adversos relacionados ao posicionamento cirúrgico e à duração da cirurgia; a assistência prestada atendeu às expectativas dos pacientes.conclusão: O instrumento de visita pós-operatória foi eficaz para avaliar a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem prestada no período transoperatório.Descritores: Enfermagem de centro cirúrgico, período perioperatório, segurança do paciente, qualidade da assistência à saúde, avaliação de processos e resultados (cuidados de saúde).
Evaluation of advice actions for prevention of STD/AIDS in the optical of the users
Authors: Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da , Figueiredo Mariana da Silva de , Medeiros Lílian Katiússia Araújo de , Oliveira Dayanne Kallyne Morais de Araújo , Vieira Natália Raiane Silva , Prado Nanete Caroline da Costa
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a opinião dos usuários sobre o funcionamento do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento. Método: Estudo avaliativo com abordagem quantiqualitativa, constituída de 52 usuários que respondeu uma entrevista semi-estruturada através da qual foi possível avaliar indicadores da satisfação dos usuários com o serviço. Para análise das entrevistas optou-se pelo método de análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da UFRN (CEP-UFRN), com protocolo de número 128/10. Resultados: Percebeu-se que todas as categorias de indicadores de satisfação do usuário foram consideradas satisfatórias, porém os indicadores orientações, ambiência e acesso apesar de satisfatórios necessitam de mudanças. Conclusão: A opinião do usuário é essencial nos serviços de saúde pública, espera-se com esse estudo que exista uma reflexão na postura dos profissionais e dos governantes para que mudanças na atenção à saúde aconteçam, e assim aperfeiçoe os serviços oferecidos.
Accommodation set in a university hospital: postpartum depression in nurses’ perspective
Authors: Freitas Danielle Rodrigues de , Vieira Bianca Dargam Gomes , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Leão Diva Cristina Morett Romano , Cruz Amanda Fernandes do Nascimento da
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Conhecer o entendimento dos enfermeiros do alojamento conjunto sobre depressão pós-parto; e identificar a percepção desses enfermeiros relativa à importância das orientações sobre depressão pós-parto às puérperas. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, com 5 enfermeiros do Alojamento Conjunto de um Hospital da cidade de Niterói/RJ, no ano de 2011. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas semiestruturadas e tratados de acordo com os preceitos da análise de conteúdo, obedecendo à Técnica de Análise Temática, após aprovação do projeto de pesquisa pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina/HUAP/UFF, CAAE n. 0215.0.258.000-11, mediante parecer favorável n° 206/11. Resultados: Os enfermeiros encontram dificuldades em prestar uma assistência especifica e qualificada à puérpera por falta de conhecimentos sobre esse transtorno. Conclusão: O enfermeiro precisa ter o conhecimento sobre a depressão pós-parto para facilitar a abordagem e os cuidados à puérpera e a família.
The nursing’s scientific production on euthanasia: integrative literature review
Authors: Do Espírito Santo Caren Camargo , Da Maia Lima Claudia Feio , Da Silva Leandro Andrade , Da Costa Rafael Ferreira , Rêgo Deusdará Rodrigues Benedita Maria , De Araújo Pacheco Sandra Teixeira
Published: May 2021

Objetivos: Descrever como a eutanásia tem sido abordada nas publicações científicas nacionais realizadas por enfermeiros e discutir sobre os aspectos bioéticos descritos relacionados à eutanásia. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura nas bases de dados BDENF, SciELO e LILACS, por meio dos descritores eutanásia e enfermagem, utilizando-se textos completos e em português. Resultados: Foram encontrados 24 artigos, dos quais 06 possuíam texto completo. Destes, foram selecionadas 04 publicações que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e estabeleceram relação consistente com a temática. Conclusão: Temática pouco explorada no cenário nacional por pesquisadores da enfermagem. Os estudos encontrados não versavam exatamente sobre a eutanásia apenas, mas sobre terminalidade da vida e cuidado paliativo, distanásia, ortotanásia, e falavam de outros atores envolvidos no processo de decisão no fim da vida. Descritores: Eutanásia, Enfermagem, Bioética.
Strategies for nursing care of alcohol users with published in proceedings CBEn
Authors: Soares Janaina , Das Merces Neuri Pires , Vargas Divane de
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Analisar os estudos sobre estratégias de cuidados em enfermagem com usuários de álcool. Método: Estudo de revisão de literatura, com busca nos livros de anais e resumos do Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem (CBEn), a partir da questão “Quais estudos sobre as estratégias de cuidado aos usuários de álcool na área da Enfermagem vêm sendo realizados e publicados no CBEn?”. Os achados foram apresentados por ano de publicação, região, instituição de filiação e Estado da Federação e agrupados em cinco categorias temáticas. Resultados: O ano de 2006 concentrou a maior parte dos estudos (24%), assim como a maioria deles (41%) abordaram principalmente as reflexões sobre o manejo do alcoolista. Conclusão: Foram encontrados poucos estudos que envolvem as estratégias de cuidados em enfermagem com usuários de álcool, embora se tenha notado que estes estudos têm sido realizados principalmente nas regiões sul e sudeste do país.
Diagnoses, interventions and nursing results for child with congenital heart disease: integrative revision
Authors: Silva Valéria Gonçalves , Guimarães Tereza Cristina Felippe , Cavalcanti Ana Carla Dantas , Souza Rosana Oliveira , Veras Regina Célia Carvalho , Pereira Juliana Melo Vellozo
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: CORRELACIONAR À PADRONIZAÇÃO DE DIAGNÓSTICOS, INTERVENÇÕES E RESULTADOS DE ENFERMAGEM FRENTE AO CONHECIMENTO PRODUZIDO NA LITERATURA, COMO FORMA DE EXPRESSAR AS AÇÕES INTER-RELACIONADAS E SISTEMATIZADAS À CRIANÇA COM CARDIOPATIA CONGÊNITA. Métodos: FOI UTILIZADA COMO METODOLOGIA A REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA, REALIZADA NAS BASES DE DADOS: LILACS, PUBMED, BDENF E CUIDEN. Resultados: FORAM SELECIONADOS 19 ARTIGOS, SENDO 04 SOBRE DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM; 01 SOBRE RESULTADOS DE ENFERMAGEM; 11 SOBRE INTERVENÇÕES DE ENFERMAGEM E 03 SOBRE DIAGNÓSTICOS, INTERVENÇÕES E RESULTADOS DE ENFERMAGEM EM CRIANÇAS COM CARDIOPATIAS CONGÊNITAS. Conclusão: VERIFICOU-SE QUE POUCOS ESTUDOS DEMONSTRARAM AS ETAPAS DO PROCESSO DE ENFERMAGEM INTER-RELACIONADAS. É NECESSÁRIO AUMENTAR AS PESQUISAS NA ÁREA DE ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM EM CARDIOLOGIA PEDIÁTRICA PARA APROFUNDAR O CONHECIMENTO E, CONSEQÜENTEMENTE, MELHORAR A PRÁTICA. Descritores: PROCESSOS DE ENFERMAGEM, CRIANÇAS, CARDIOPATIAS CONGÊNITAS.
Hormone replacement therapy in menopause as a risk factor for developing breast cancer
Authors: Souto Natasha Firmino , Moreira Camila Brasil , Barros Paulo Augusto Soares , Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho , Santos Míria Conceição Lavinas
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica envolvendo o uso da terapia de reposição hormonal no climatério como um fator de risco para desenvolvimento de câncer de mama. Método: Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Utilizamos as bases de dados BDENF, LILACS e SciELO. Identificamos 71 artigos, dos quais 24 compuseram nossa amostra. Resultados: Observamos que o Brasil foi o país com mais publicações e o idioma mais requisitado foi o português. Em relação à escolha do delineamento do estudo, 50% dos estudos possuíam abordagem metodológica do tipo qualitativa e o método de coleta de dados por meio de documentos foi o mais utilizado. Conclusão: A enfermagem como profissional da saúde deve orientar as mulheres em idade perimenopausa sobre os riscos e benefícios do uso da terapia de reposição hormonal a fim de auxiliá-las na adesão ou não a esse tratamento.
Mitochondrial cytochrome c shot towards histone chaperone condensates in the nucleus
Authors: González‐Arzola Katiuska , Guerra‐Castellano Alejandra , Rivero‐Rodríguez Francisco , Casado‐Combreras Miguel Á. , Pérez‐Mejías Gonzalo , Díaz‐Quintana Antonio , Díaz‐Moreno Irene , De la Rosa Miguel A.
Published: May 2021

Despite mitochondria being key for the control of cell homeostasis and fate, their role in DNA damage response is usually just regarded as an apoptotic trigger. However, growing evidence points to mitochondrial factors modulating nuclear functions. Remarkably, after DNA damage, cytochrome c (Cc) interacts in the cell nucleus with a variety of well‐known histone chaperones, whose activity is competitively inhibited by the haem protein. As nuclear Cc inhibits the nucleosome assembly/disassembly activity of histone chaperones, it might indeed affect chromatin dynamics and histone deposition on DNA. Several histone chaperones actually interact with Cc Lys residues through their acidic regions, which are also involved in heterotypic interactions leading to liquid–liquid phase transitions responsible for the assembly of nuclear condensates, including heterochromatin. This relies on dynamic histone–DNA interactions that can be modulated by acetylation of specific histone Lys residues. Thus, Cc may have a major regulatory role in DNA repair by fine‐tuning nucleosome assembly activity and likely nuclear condensate formation.
In Situ High‐Energy Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction Reveals the Role of Texture on the Activation of Slip and Twinning during Deformation of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ti–6Al–4V
Authors: Vallejos Juan Manuel , Barriobero-Vila Pere , Gussone Joachim , Haubrich Jan , Kelm Klemens , Stark Andreas , Schell Norbert , Requena Guillermo
Published: May 2021

The deformation behavior of Ti–6Al–4V processed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is investigated by in situ high‐energy synchrotron X‐ray diffraction (HEXRD) during uniaxial compression. The initial microstructure of the alloy consists of a fine lamellar α + β microstructure where α lamellae are separated by thin continuous β layers within prior β grains. The anisotropy of the alloy is studied in the deformation direction using samples that are built at the angles of 0°, 45°, and 90° with respect to the LPBF base plate. The sample oriented at 0° presents higher strength–ductility trade‐off compared with the conditions oriented at 45° and 90°. The in situ HEXRD experiments continuously reveal the microstructure response during deformation and that the textures for each orientation are associated with a different activation sequence of deformation mechanisms.
Local Strain Distribution in ZnO Microstructures Visualized with Scanning Nano X‐Ray Diffraction and Impact on Electrical Properties
Authors: Jordt Philipp , Hrkac Stjepan B. , Gröttrup Jorit , Davydok Anton , Krywka Christina , Wolff Niklas , Kienle Lorenz , Adelung Rainer , Magnussen Olaf M. , Murphy Bridget M.
Published: May 2021

The fast and contact‐free detection of biomagnetic vital signs can benefit clinical diagnostics in medical care, emergency services, and scientific studies, hugely. A highly sensitive magnetoelectric sensor for the detection of biomagnetic signals combined with the piezotronic effect is a promising path to increase the signal detection limit. Herein, the results of three ZnO microrods examined by nano X‐ray diffraction and current–voltage curves to investigate the crystalline structure influence on the Schottky contact properties are presented. The measurements reveal different strain distributions for the three rods and that these are linked with the electrical properties, showing that the crystalline quality has a direct influence on the Schottky contact properties. An analytical model is created to determine the influence of the stress. Although rotation of the strain orientation changes the strain appearance in the measurement, it does not affect the Schottky contact properties.
Halide Perovskites: A New Era of Solution‐Processed Electronics
Authors: Younis Adnan , Lin Chun‐Ho , Guan Xinwei , Shahrokhi Shamim , Huang Chien‐Yu , Wang Yutao , He Tengyue , Singh Simrjit , Hu Long , Retamal Jose Ramon Duran , He Jr‐Hau , Wu Tom
Published: May 2021

Organic–inorganic mixed halide perovskites have emerged as an excellent class of materials with a unique combination of optoelectronic properties, suitable for a plethora of applications ranging from solar cells to light‐emitting diodes and photoelectrochemical devices. Recent works have showcased hybrid perovskites for electronic applications through improvements in materials design, processing, and device stability. Herein, a comprehensive up‐to‐date review is presented on hybrid perovskite electronics with a focus on transistors and memories. These applications are supported by the fundamental material properties of hybrid perovskite semiconductors such as tunable bandgap, ambipolar charge transport, reasonable mobility, defect characteristics, and solution processability, which are highlighted first. Then, recent progresses on perovskite‐based transistors are reviewed, covering aspects of fabrication process, patterning techniques, contact engineering, 2D versus 3D material selection, and device performance. Furthermore, applications of perovskites in nonvolatile memories and artificial synaptic devices are presented. The ambient instability of hybrid perovskites and the strategies to tackle this bottleneck are also discussed. Finally, an outlook and opportunities to develop perovskite‐based electronics as a competitive and feasible technology are highlighted.
Beyond Color: The New Carbon Ink
Authors: Wang Peng , Barnes Benjamin , Huang Zhongjie , Wang Ziyi , Zheng Ming , Wang YuHuang
Published: May 2021

For thousands of years, carbon ink has been used as a black color pigment for writing and painting purposes. However, recent discoveries of nanocarbon materials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their various derivative forms, together with the advances in large‐scale synthesis, are enabling a whole new generation of carbon inks that can serve as an intrinsically programmable materials platform for developing advanced functionalities far beyond color. The marriage between these multifunctional nanocarbon inks with modern printing technologies is facilitating and even transforming many applications, including flexible electronics, wearable and implantable sensors, actuators, and autonomous robotics. This review examines recent progress in the reborn field of carbon inks, highlighting their programmability and multifunctionality for applications in flexible electronics and stimuli‐responsive devices. Current challenges and opportunities will also be discussed from a materials science perspective towards the advancement of carbon ink for new applications beyond color.
Switching of a Magnet by Spin‐Orbit Torque from a Topological Dirac Semimetal
Authors: Ding Jinjun , Liu Chuanpu , Kalappattil Vijaysankar , Zhang Yuejie , Mosendz Oleksandr , Erugu Uppalaiah , Yu Rui , Tian Jifa , DeMann August , Field Stuart B. , Yang Xiaofei , Ding Haifeng , Tang Jinke , Terris Bruce , Fert Albert , Chen Hua , Wu Mingzhong
Published: May 2021

Recent experiments show that topological surface states (TSS) in topological insulators (TI) can be exploited to manipulate magnetic ordering in ferromagnets. In principle, TSS should also exist for other topological materials, but it remains unexplored as to whether such states can also be utilized to manipulate ferromagnets. Herein, current‐induced magnetization switching enabled by TSS in a non‐TI topological material, namely, a topological Dirac semimetal α‐Sn, is reported. The experiments use an α‐Sn/Ag/CoFeB trilayer structure. The magnetization in the CoFeB layer can be switched by a charge current at room temperature, without an external magnetic field. The data show that the switching is driven by the TSS of the α‐Sn layer, rather than spin‐orbit coupling in the bulk of the α‐Sn layer or current‐produced heating. The switching efficiency is as high as in TI systems. This shows that the topological Dirac semimetal α‐Sn is as promising as TI materials in terms of spintronic applications.
Continuous‐Wave Vertical Cavity Surface‐Emitting Lasers based on Single Crystalline Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Zou Chenji , Chen Yu , Wu Lishu , Wen Wen , Du Bowen , Feng Shun , Shang Jingzhi , Cong Chunxiao , Yu Ting
Published: May 2021

Lead halide perovskites are intriguing semiconductors for lasers due to high quantum yield, tunable bandgaps, and facile solution‐process ability. However, limited by the weak optical confinement, continuous‐wave (CW) pumped lasing, as one prerequisite for the electrically pumped lasing, is still challenging in bare lead halide perovskites without high‐quality factor (Q) artificial optical cavity. Herein, the lasing emission in methylammonium lead tribromide (MAPbBr3) incorporated with a vertical microcavity under continuous pumping at 80 K is reported. The single‐crystalline MAPbBr3 perovskite nanoplates are fabricated by the two‐step solution method. The MAPbBr3‐based vertical cavity surface‐emitting laser (VCSEL) presents a low threshold of 55.2 W cm−2 and a high Q‐factor of 1140 at low temperature. The low threshold lasing emission can be attributed to strong optical confinement in the high‐Q cavity and great photoluminescence enhancement at 80 K, which is induced by a transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic phase, demonstrated by in situ temperature Raman spectroscopy. These findings envisage the prospective applications of single‐crystalline metal halide perovskites in practicable laser devices.
Integrated Photonic Structure Enhanced Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Jiang Fengqiu , Shi Mengdie , Zhou Jing , Bu Yuyu , Ao Jin-Ping , Chen Xiao Shuang
Published: May 2021

The application fields of infrared photodetectors are quite extensive. Compared with traditional infrared photodetection materials such as IV and III–V semiconductors, newly emerging low‐dimensional materials and quantum materials (e.g., 2D materials and quantum wells) have many advantages in different aspects, such as wide spectral range, low dark current, room temperature operation, and high processing compatibility. However, the performance of photodetectors based on low‐dimensional materials is limited by the ultra small thicknesses, polarization selectivity, and the poor absorption efficiency. Therefore, improving the performance of infrared photodetectors based on low‐dimensional materials has been a focus research task in recent years. The integration of photonic structures can improve the performance of infrared photodetectors, such as enhancing absorption efficiency, reducing the volume of active materials, and increasing polarization selectivity. Herein, different kinds of photonic structure integrated infrared photodetectors, roughly divided into two categories, namely, dielectric photonic structure integrated ones and metallic photonic structure integrated ones, are reviewed. The active materials include 2D materials, quantum wells, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes.
All in One, Self‐Powered Bionic Artificial Nerve Based on a Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Zixuan , Liang Qijie , Shi Qiongfeng , Zhu Minglu , Lee Chengkuo
Published: May 2021

Sensory and nerve systems play important role in mediating the interactions with the world. The pursuit of neuromorphic computing has inspired innovations in artificial sensory and nervous systems. Here, an all‐in‐one, tailorable artificial perception, and transmission nerve (APTN) was developed for mimicking the biological sensory and nervous ability to detect and transmit the location information of mechanical stimulation. The APTN shows excellent reliability with a single triboelectric electrode for the detection of multiple pixels, by employing a gradient thickness dielectric layer and a grid surface structure. The sliding mode is used on the APTN to eliminate the amplitude influence of output signal, such as force, interlayer distance. By tailoring the geometry, an L‐shaped APTN is demonstrated for the application of single‐electrode bionic artificial nerve for 2D detection. In addition, an APTN based prosthetic arm is also fabricated to biomimetically identify and transmit the stimuli location signal to pattern the feedback. With features of low‐cost, easy installation, and good flexibility, the APTN renders as a promising artificial sensory and nervous system for artificial intelligence, human–machine interface, and robotics applications.
Highly Active and Abundant MAB Phases Nin+1ZnBn (n = 1, 2) toward Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Rezaie Amir A. , Lee Eunsoo , Yapo Johan A. , Fokwa Boniface P. T.
Published: May 2021

Whilst MXenes (2D carbides and nitrides) have become highly popular in several research fields including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), unfortunately they are not competitive HER electrocatalysts in their bulk form (MAX phases). The related MAB (2D‐like bulk borides) phases and the derived 2D MBenes, however, are less studied but show better HER properties. Herein, two highly HER‐active and abundant MAB phases, Nin+1ZnBn (n = 1, 2), are studied experimentally and computationally. The pressed pellet electrodes from bulk polycrystalline powders of these phases drive a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at impressive overpotentials of η10 = −0.171 V (n = 1) and η10= −0.145 V (n = 2) to efficiently produce hydrogen. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations prove that the most active site is the hollow site on the nickel basal plane, showing a free energy value comparable to that of the hollow site of Pt (111). This study paves the way for further development of bulk and nanoscale MAB phases for clean energy applications.
Identification of mega‐environments for grain sorghum in Brazil using GGE biplot methodology
Authors: da Silva Karla Jorge , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , da Silva Michele Jorge , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Cardoso Milton José , Godinho Vicente de Paulo Campos , Mota José Hortêncio , Simon Gustavo André , Tardin Flávio Dessaune , da Silva Adelmo Resende , Guedes Fernando Lisboa , de Menezes Cicero Beserra
Published: May 2021

The performance of genotypes in a wide range of environments can be affected by extensive genotype × environment (G × E) interactions, making the subdivision of the testing environments into relatively more homogeneous groups of locations (mega‐environments) a necessary strategy. The genotype main effects + genotype × environment interaction biplot method (GGE) allows identification of mega‐environments and selection of stable genotypes adapted to specific environments and mega‐environments. The objectives of this study were to identify mega‐environments regarding sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain yield and demonstrate that the GGE biplot method can identify essential locations for conducting tests in different mega‐environments. A total of 22 competition trials of grain sorghum genotypes were conducted over three crop seasons across several production locations in Brazil. A total of 25, 22, and 30 genotypes were evaluated during the first, second, and third crop seasons, respectively. After identifying the presence of G × E interactions, the data were subjected to adaptability and stability analyses using the GGE biplot method. A phenotypic correlation network was used to express functional relationships between environments. The GGE biplot was found to be an efficient approach for identifying three mega‐environments in grain sorghum in Brazil, selecting representative and discriminative environments, and recommending more adaptive and stable grain sorghum genotypes.
Heritage connector: A machine learning framework for building linked open data from museum collections
Authors: Dutia Kalyan , Stack John
Published: May 2021

As with almost all data, museum collection catalogues are largely unstructured, variable in consistency and overwhelmingly composed of thin records. The form of these catalogues means that the potential for new forms of research, access and scholarly enquiry that range across multiple collections and related datasets remains dormant. In the project Heritage Connector: Transforming text into data to extract meaning and make connections, we are applying a battery of digital techniques to connect similar, identical and related objects within and across collections and other publications. In this article, we describe a framework to create a Linked Open Data knowledge graph from digital museum catalogues, perform record linkage to Wikidata, and add new entities to this graph from textual catalogue record descriptions (information retrieval). We focus on the use of machine learning to create these links at scale with a small amount of labelled data, and models which are small enough to run inference on datasets the size of museum collections on a mid‐range laptop or a small cloud virtual machine. Our method for record linkage against Wikidata achieves 85%+ precision with the Science Museum Group (SMG) collection, and our method for information retrieval is shown to improve NER performance compared with pretrained models on the SMG collection with no labelled training data. We publish open‐source software providing tools to perform these tasks.
Beyond nephronophthisis: Retinal dystrophy in the absence of kidney dysfunction in childhood expands the clinical spectrum of CEP83 deficiency
Authors: Veldman Bram C. F. , Kuper Willemijn F. E. , Lilien Marc , Schuurs‐Hoeijmakers Janneke H. M. , Marcelis Carlo , Phan Milan , Hettinga Ymkje , Talsma Herman E. , van Hasselt Peter M. , Haijes Hanneke A.
Published: May 2021

The CEP83 protein is an essential part in the first steps of ciliogenesis, causing a ciliopathy if deficient. As a core component of the distal appendages of the centriole, CEP83 is located in almost all cell types and is involved in the primary cilium assembly. Previously reported CEP83 deficient patients all presented with nephronophthisis and kidney dysfunction. Despite retinal degeneration being a common feature in ciliopathies, only one patient also had retinitis. Here, we present two unrelated patients, who both presented with retinitis pigmentosa, without nephronophthisis or any form of kidney dysfunction. Both patients harbor bi‐allelic variants in CEP83. This report expands the current clinical spectrum of CEP83 deficiency. For timely diagnosis of CEP83 deficiency, we advocate that CEP83 should be included in gene panels for inherited retinal diseases.
Auto‐brewery syndrome caused by oral fungi and periodontal disease bacteria
Authors: Takahashi Gaku , Hoshikawa Koichi , Kan Shigenori , Akimaru Rise , Kodama Yoshiyuki , Sato Toshiro , Kakisaka Keisuke , Yamada Yuki
Published: May 2021

Background

Auto‐brewery syndrome (ABS) is often caused by fungi in the intestinal tract. We describe a rare case of alcohol production by Candida albicans and periodontal disease bacteria in the oral cavity.

Case Presentation

A man aged in his 60s had a car accident, and alcohol was detected on his breath. At the time, he exhibited alcohol overdose seizures with no alcohol consumption. We carried out a gastrointestinal endoscopy, detected esophageal candidiasis, and diagnosed ABS. His seizures continued despite using miconazole oral gel. Significant tooth decay, periodontal disease, and high C. albicans levels were observed in his oral cavity. Alcohol production was confirmed from periodontal bacteria and C. albicans cultures and alcohol‐degrading enzyme functions were poor. Dental treatment and antifungal drugs reduced seizures, and improved his fatty liver.

Conclusion

Alcohol can be produced by microorganisms in healthy individuals. Therefore, blood alcohol levels and alcohol‐degrading enzyme functions should be examined in patients with unexplained liver dysfunction.
Genomewide Association Studies of LRRK2 Modifiers of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Lai Dongbing , Alipanahi Babak , Fontanillas Pierre , Schwantes‐An Tae‐Hwi , Aasly Jan , Alcalay Roy N. , Beecham Gary W. , Berg Daniela , Bressman Susan , Brice Alexis , Brockman Kathrin , Clark Lorraine , Cookson Mark , Das Sayantan , Van Deerlin Vivianna , Follett Jordan , Farrer Matthew J. , Trinh Joanne , Gasser Thomas , Goldwurm Stefano , Gustavsson Emil , Klein Christine , Lang Anthony E. , Langston J. William , Latourelle Jeanne , Lynch Timothy , Marder Karen , Marras Connie , Martin Eden R. , McLean Cory Y. , Mejia‐Santana Helen , Molho Eric , Myers Richard H. , Nuytemans Karen , Ozelius Laurie , Payami Haydeh , Raymond Deborah , Rogaeva Ekaterina , Rogers Michael P. , Ross Owen A. , Samii Ali , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Schüle Birgitt , Schulte Claudia , Scott William K. , Tanner Caroline , Tolosa Eduardo , Tomkins James E. , Vilas Dolores , Trojanowski John Q. ,   The 23andMe Research Team, Uitti Ryan , Vance Jeffery M. , Visanji Naomi P. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Mirelman Anat , Giladi Nir , Orr Urtreger Avi , Cannon Paul , Fiske Brian , Foroud Tatiana
Published: May 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to search for genes/variants that modify the effect of LRRK2 mutations in terms of penetrance and age‐at‐onset of Parkinson's disease.

Methods

We performed the first genomewide association study of penetrance and age‐at‐onset of Parkinson's disease in LRRK2 mutation carriers (776 cases and 1,103 non‐cases at their last evaluation). Cox proportional hazard models and linear mixed models were used to identify modifiers of penetrance and age‐at‐onset of LRRK2 mutations, respectively. We also investigated whether a polygenic risk score derived from a published genomewide association study of Parkinson's disease was able to explain variability in penetrance and age‐at‐onset in LRRK2 mutation carriers.

Results

A variant located in the intronic region of CORO1C on chromosome 12 (rs77395454; p value = 2.5E‐08, beta = 1.27, SE = 0.23, risk allele: C) met genomewide significance for the penetrance model. Co‐immunoprecipitation analyses of LRRK2 and CORO1C supported an interaction between these 2 proteins. A region on chromosome 3, within a previously reported linkage peak for Parkinson's disease susceptibility, showed suggestive associations in both models (penetrance top variant: p value = 1.1E‐07; age‐at‐onset top variant: p value = 9.3E‐07). A polygenic risk score derived from publicly available Parkinson's disease summary statistics was a significant predictor of penetrance, but not of age‐at‐onset.

Interpretation

This study suggests that variants within or near CORO1C may modify the penetrance of LRRK2 mutations. In addition, common Parkinson's disease associated variants collectively increase the penetrance of LRRK2 mutations. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:82–94
Nanotechnology‐Based Strategies for Early Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Hanif Sumaira , Muhammad Pir , Niu Zheng , Ismail Muhammad , Morsch Marco , Zhang Xiaoju , Li Mingqiang , Shi Bingyang
Published: May 2021

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders feature the progressive and selective loss of normal brain functions. CNS disorders often include an irreversible physiological and anatomical loss of neurons that can lead to dysfunction in various parts of the brain and eventually death. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are hard to be diagnosed at an early stage for the prevention of disease propagation. Such diagnosis is vital for the timely commencement of actual treatments. Nanotechnology brings new diagnosis hope for CNS disorders as it provides ultrasensitive detection for more specific biomarkers. Herein, the recent progress in techniques development for detecting pathological biomarkers for GBM, AD, and PD is summarized, in particular, the principles that govern the design of these sensors, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and its integrity during disease development. Finally, a perspective on future directions to further advance and improve the early‐stage diagnosis of CNS disorders is presented.
Eine modulare In‐vitro‐Plattform für die Produktion von Terpenen und Polyketiden aus CO2
Authors: Sundaram Srividhya , Diehl Christoph , Cortina Niña Socorro , Bamberger Jan , Paczia Nicole , Erb Tobias J.
Published: May 2021

Eines der Ziele für die Realisierung nachhaltiger chemischer Syntheseverfahren ist die direkte Nutzung des Treibhausgases CO2 als Rohstoff für die Produktion von Grund‐ und Feinchemikalien, wie z. B. Pharmazeutika, Duftstoffe und Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe. In dieser Studie präsentieren wir eine modulare In‐vitro‐Plattform für die kontinuierliche Umwandlung von CO2 in komplexe Kohlenstoff‐Verbindungen, wie Monoterpene (C10), Sesquiterpene (C15) und Polyketide. Durch Kombination von natürlichen und synthetischen Stoffwechselwegen etablierten wir eine neue Route von CO2 zu den Schlüsselintermediaten Acetyl‐ und Malonyl‐CoA, welche anschließend durch verschiedene Terpen‐ und Polyketidsynthasen diversifiziert werden können. In unserer Machbarkeitsstudie demonstrieren wir die Kombination verschiedener Stoffwechselmodule mit bis zu 29 Enzymen in einem Ansatz. Dies ebnet den Weg für die weitere Entwicklung und Optimierung von Syntheserouten für die Erzeugung komplexer CO2‐basierter Chemikalien.
Controlling Catenation in Germanium(I) Chemistry through Hemilability
Authors: Caise Alexa , Griffin Liam P. , Heilmann Andreas , McManus Caitilín , Campos Jesús , Aldridge Simon
Published: May 2021

We present a novel approach for constructing chains of Group 14 metal atoms linked by unsupported metal–metal bonds that exploits hemilabile ligands to generate unsaturated metal sites. The formation/nature of catenated species (oligo‐dimetallynes) can be controlled by the use of (acidic/basic) “protecting groups” and through variation of the ligand scaffold. Reduction of ArNiPr2GeCl (ArNiPr2=2,6‐(iPr2NCH2)2C6H3)—featuring hemilabile NiPr2 donors—yields (ArNiPr2Ge)4 (2), which contains a tetrameric Ge4 chain. 2 represents a novel type of a linear homo‐catenated GeI compound featuring unsupported E−E bonds. Trapping experiments reveal that a key structural component is the central two‐way Ge=Ge donor‐acceptor bond: reactions with IMe4 and W(CO)5(NMe3) give the base‐ or acid‐stabilized digermynes (ArNiPr2Ge(IMe4))2 (4) and (ArNiPr2Ge{W(CO)5})2 (5), respectively. The use of smaller N‐donors leads to stronger Ge‐N interactions and quenching of catenation behaviour: reduction of ArNEt2GeCl gives the digermyne (ArNEt2Ge)2, while the unsymmetrical system ArNEt2GeGeArNiPr2 dimerizes to give tetranuclear (ArNEt2GeGeArNiPr2)2 through aggregation at the NiPr2‐ligated GeI centres.
Low‐Dimensional Inorganic Tin Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared by Templated Growth
Authors: Li Hansheng , Jiang Xianyuan , Wei Qi , Zang Zihao , Ma Mingyu , Wang Fei , Zhou Wenjia , Ning Zhijun
Published: May 2021

The manipulation of the dimensionality and nanostructures based on the precise control of the crystal growth kinetics boosts the flourishing development of perovskite optoelectronic materials and devices. Herein, a low‐dimensional inorganic tin halide perovskite, CsSnBrI2−x(SCN)x, with a mixed 2D and 3D structure is fabricated. A kinetic study indicates that Sn(SCN)2 and phenylethylamine hydroiodate can form a 2D perovskite structure that acts as a template for the growth of the 3D perovskite CsSnBrI2−x(SCN)x. The film shows an out‐of‐plane orientation and a large grain size, giving rise to reduced defect density, superior thermostability, and oxidation resistance. A solar cell based on this low‐dimensional film reaches a power conversion efficiency of 5.01 %, which is the highest value for CsSnBrxI3−x perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, the device shows enhanced stability in ambient air.
A Modular In Vitro Platform for the Production of Terpenes and Polyketides from CO2
Authors: Sundaram Srividhya , Diehl Christoph , Cortina Niña Socorro , Bamberger Jan , Paczia Nicole , Erb Tobias J.
Published: May 2021

A long‐term goal in realizing a sustainable biocatalysis and organic synthesis is the direct use of the greenhouse gas CO2 as feedstock for the production of bulk and fine chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals, fragrances and food additives. Here we developed a modular in vitro platform for the continuous conversion of CO2 into complex multi‐carbon compounds, such as monoterpenes (C10), sesquiterpenes (C15) and polyketides. Combining natural and synthetic metabolic pathway modules, we established a route from CO2 into the key intermediates acetyl‐ and malonyl‐CoA, which can be subsequently diversified through the action of different terpene and polyketide synthases. Our proof‐of‐principle study demonstrates the simultaneous operation of different metabolic modules comprising of up to 29 enzymes in one pot, which paves the way for developing and optimizing synthesis routes for the generation of complex CO2‐based chemicals in the future.
MR spectroscopy in breast cancer metabolomics
Authors: Sharma Uma , Jagannathan Naranamangalam R.
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer poses a significant health care challenge worldwide requiring early detection and effective treatment strategies for better patient outcome. A deeper understanding of the breast cancer biology and metabolism may help developing better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Metabolomic studies give a comprehensive analysis of small molecule metabolites present in human tissues in vivo. The changes in the level of these metabolites provide information on the complex mechanism of the development of the disease and its progression. Metabolomic approach using analytical techniques such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has evolved as an important tool for identifying clinically relevant metabolic biomarkers. The metabolic characterization of breast lesions using in‐vivo MRS has shown that malignant breast tissues contain elevated levels of choline containing compounds (tCho), suggesting rapid proliferation of cancer cells and alterations in membrane metabolism. Also, tCho has been identified as one of the important biomarkers that help to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and also for monitoring treatment response. Further, metabolome of malignant tissues can be studied using ex vivo and in vitro MRS at high magnetic fields. This provided the advantage of detection of a large number of compounds that facilitated more comprehensive insight into the altered metabolic pathways associated with the cancer development and progression and also in identification of several metabolites as potential biomarkers. This article briefly reviews the role of MRS based metabolic profiling in the discovery of biomarkers and understanding of the altered metabolism in breast cancer.
Denver Water and the Lean Methodology: Enhancing Stakeholder Input for Major Infrastructure Design
Authors: Marquez Adam A.B. , McCormick Peter J.
Published: May 2021

Key Takeaways

So that employees are empowered to assess workplace issues and implement a continuous‐improvement framework, Denver Water adopted the Lean methodology in 2011.

With its goal of renewing or replacing aging infrastructure, Denver Water designed Northwater Treatment Plant as a key element in its North System Renewal Program.

Denver Water held Lean‐supported workshops to glean input from its key stakeholders, including several of its operational departments.

Lean workshops led to rightsizing of treatment plant capacity and multiple improvements in operational and management strategies for enhanced system resilience.
Coronally Advanced Flap Combined With Sticky Bone and i‐PRF‐Coated Collagen Membrane to Treat Single Maxillary Gingival Recessions: Case Series
Authors: Kapa Bhargavi Preeti , N.K. Sowmya , G.V. Gayathri , Mehta D.S.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Numerous techniques have been reported in the literature for the reconstruction of gingival recession defects. The purpose of this case series was to evaluate clinically and radiographically the efficacy of sticky bone with i‐PRF‐coated collagen membrane in the treatment of gingival recession.

Case Series

Sixteen patients exhibiting isolated Miller's Class I or II recession in the maxillary esthetic zone were treated using sticky bone (i‐PRF + freeze‐dried bone allograft) with i‐PRF‐coated collagen membrane using the coronally advanced flap. Clinical parameters including probing depth (PD), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), gingival thickness (GT), and recession depth (RD) were recorded at baseline and 6 months post‐surgery. The radiographic (ST‐CBCT) measurements computed were labial plate thickness (OT1, OT3, and OT5) and GT (GT1, GT3, and GT5) at baseline and 6 months post‐treatment. Twelve out of sixteen treated cases achieved complete root coverage. An increase in GT was observed in all the cases.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this case series, sticky bone with i‐PRF‐coated collagen membrane showed promising results in the treatment of isolated maxillary Miller's Class I or II gingival recession and serves as an altered approach for root coverage procedure. However, histological analysis and larger sample size are needed to establish definitive proof of soft and hard tissue regeneration.
Silent Walk as a street mobilization: Campaigning following the Grenfell Tower fire
Authors: Tekin Selin , Drury John
Published: May 2021

This paper uses ethnography and interviews with 15 participants who were actively involved in the campaign following the 2017 Grenfell Tower fire to address the question of how campaigners use street mobilization to seek justice in the aftermath of a disaster. Analysis of observations and themes suggests that campaigners used street mobilization to do two things. First, they used it to build solidarity with supporters through accessibility, the use of shared social spaces and collectively showing respect for losses. Second, they used it to protest in a way that challenged negative stereotypes and projected their power to the authorities, who could not ignore such a large and dignified mobilization. Whereas previous social psychology research on disaster communities focuses on the determinants of the immediate responses of people who experienced a disaster, we show the strategic aspects of such disaster communities. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Inhibitors of CA IX Enzyme Based on Polyhedral Boron Compounds
Authors: Kugler Michael , Nekvinda Jan , Holub Josef , El Anwar Suzan , Das Viswanath , Šícha Václav , Pospíšilová Klára , Fábry Milan , Král Vlastimil , Brynda Jiří , Kašička Václav , Hajdúch Marián , Řezáčová Pavlína , Grüner Bohumír
Published: May 2021

This review describes recent progress in the design and development of inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) based on space‐filling carborane and cobalt bis(dicarbollide) clusters. CA IX enzyme is known to play a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation and metastases. The new class of potent and selective CA IX inhibitors combines the structural motif of a bulky inorganic cluster with an alkylsulfamido or alkylsulfonamido anchor group for Zn2+ ion in the enzyme active site. Detailed structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies of a large series containing 50 compounds uncovered structural features of the cluster‐containing inhibitors that are important for efficient and selective inhibition of CA IX activity. Preclinical evaluation of selected compounds revealed low toxicity, favorable pharmacokinetics and ability to reduce tumor growth. Cluster‐containing inhibitors of CA IX can thus be considered as promising candidates for drug development and/or for combination therapy in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).