bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From a versatile arsenotungstate precursor to a large lanthanide-containing polyoxometalate–carboxylate hybrid
Authors: Li Suzhi , Wang Yuan , Ma Pengtao , Wang Jingping , Niu Jingyang
Published: October 2014

From the versatile precursor [As2W19O67(H2O)]14− through combined disassembly and reassembly processes, the large, POM–carboxylate hybrid K14Li4H20[As6W58O206Ce4(pydc)2(H2O)6]·44H2O was obtained in conventional aqueous solution.
1,2,4,5-Benzenetetrasulfonic acid and 1,4-benzenedisulfonic acid as sulfo analogues of pyromellitic and terephthalic acids for building coordination polymers of manganese
Authors: Zitzer Christina , Muesmann Thomas W. T. , Christoffers Jens , Schwickert Christian , Pöttgen Rainer , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: October 2014

New polysulfonic acids have been used for the preparation of manganese coordination polymers.
Principal component analysis of Mn(salen) catalysts
Authors: Teixeira Filipe , Mosquera Ricardo A. , Melo André , Freire Cristina , Cordeiro M. Natália D. S.
Published: October 2014

In this work, the Jacobsen catalyst is decomposed under different truncation schemes, allowing the establishment of structure–property relationships for several Mn(salen) complexes.
Adhesion force interactions between cyclopentane hydrate and physically and chemically modified surfaces
Authors: Aman Zachary M. , Sloan E. Dendy , Sum Amadeu K. , Koh Carolyn A.
Published: October 2014

The effect of chemical and physical coatings on hydrate-surface adhesion force and crystal morphology.
Stability and structure of nanowires grown from silver, copper and their alloys by laser ablation into superfluid helium
Authors: Gordon Eugene , Karabulin Alexander , Matyushenko Vladimir , Sizov Vyacheslav , Khodos Igor
Published: October 2014

Thin silver nanowires were found to decay upon heating up to 300 K, but silver doping by copper stabilizes them.
Cross polarization from 1H to quadrupolar 6Li nuclei for dissolution DNP
Authors: Perez Linde Angel J. , Bornet Aurélien , Milani Jonas , Vuichoud Basile , Melzi Roberto , Jannin Sami , Bodenhausen Geoffrey
Published: October 2014

With a dedicated probe for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP), cross polarization from 1H to 6Li can be combined with LOngitudinally Detected Electron Spin Resonance (LODESR) to achieve 6Li polarization levels on the order of 20% in less than 30 min at 1.2 K.
One-step fabrication of ultralong nanobelts of PI-PTCDI and their optoelectronic properties
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Feng-Xia , Wang Kai-Kai , Yan Jing-Hui , Liu Yong-Qiang , Pan Ge-Bo
Published: October 2014

PI-PTCDI was synthesized and self-assembled into ultralong nanobelts, which exhibited excellent photodetector and photoswitching performance.
Effect of cationic head group on micellization behavior of new amide-functionalized surface active ionic liquids
Authors: Kamboj Raman , Bharmoria Pankaj , Chauhan Vinay , Singh Gurbir , Kumar Arvind , Singh Sukhprit , Kang Tejwant Singh
Published: October 2014

The functionalization of the alkyl chain with an amide group led to marked changes in the characteristic properties of micellization of different SAILs.
Electrostatics determine vibrational frequency shifts in hydrogen bonded complexes
Authors: Dey Arghya , Mondal Sohidul Islam , Sen Saumik , Ghosh Debashree , Patwari G. Naresh
Published: October 2014

The shifts in the acetylenic C–H stretching vibration in the C–H⋯X hydrogen-bonded complexes correlate with the electrostatic component of the stabilization energy.
Donor–acceptor conjugated polymers based on multifused ladder-type arenes for organic solar cells
Authors: Wu Jhong-Sian , Cheng Sheng-Wen , Cheng Yen-Ju , Hsu Chain-Shu
Published: October 2014

In this review, we summarize the recent development of the multifused ladder-type conjugated building blocks for making donor–acceptor conjugated copolymers.
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water reduction using orchestrated photosensitizers
Authors: Yang Shu-Cheng , Chang Gang , Yang Guan-Jun , Wang Yan-Jie , Fang Baizeng
Published: October 2014

Novel Ir-PSs with a phenylvinyl (styrenyl) moiety in two different positions demonstrate much higher hydrogen production yields than the non-styrenylic Ir-PS.
The combined disposal of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and nitrogen oxides using the synthesized Ce0.2TiAlαOx micro/nanomaterial
Authors: Su Guijin , Huang Linyan , Liu Sha , Lu Huijie , Yang Fan , Zheng Minghui
Published: October 2014

Oxidative degradation of 1,2,4-TrCBz over the synthesized Ce0.2TiAlαOx catalyst proceeds via the Mars–van Krevelen mechanism, in which NO had a positive effect.
A perception of ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions in a two dimensional Ni(ii) heterochiral coordination polymer showing unusual CO2 uptake behavior
Authors: Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Goswami Soumyabrata , Sanda Suresh , Parshamoni Srinivasulu , Biswas Soumava , Konar Sanjit
Published: October 2014

A robust 2D heterochiral Ni(ii) coordination polymer is reported which shows ferro-, antiferromagnetic interactions and unusual CO2 uptake behavior.
Synthesis, characterization and biomolecule-binding properties of novel tetra-platinum(ii)-thiopyridylporphyrins
Authors: Lourenço Leandro M. O. , Iglesias Bernardo A. , Pereira Patrícia M. R. , Girão Henrique , Fernandes Rosa , Neves Maria G. P. M. S. , Cavaleiro José A. S. , Tomé João P. C.
Published: October 2014

New tetra-platinum(ii)-thiopyridylporphyrin complexes and their DNA binding studies.
A microfluidic pipette array for mechanophenotyping of cancer cells and mechanical gating of mechanosensitive channels
Authors: Lee Lap Man , Liu Allen P.
Published: October 2014

A simple microfluidic device based on a microfluidic pipette array was developed for mechanical characterization of cells.
The effect of an ionic liquid on the rate of reaction at a phosphorus centre
Authors: Butler Bradley J. , Harper Jason B.
Published: October 2014

Rate constant of a substitution at phosphorus varies with amount of ionic liquid present; enthalpic benefit offsets entropic cost.
Peralkylated imidazolium carbonate ionic liquids: synthesis using dimethyl carbonate, reactivity and structure
Authors: Maton C. , Van Hecke K. , Stevens C. V.
Published: October 2014

Tri- and tetra-alkylimidazoles are quaternised into their corresponding ionic liquids with dimethyl carbonate.
A simple and effective 1,2,3-triazole based “turn-on” fluorescence sensor for the detection of anions
Authors: Ghosh Debanjana , Rhodes Shannon , Hawkins Karena , Winder Domonique , Atkinson Austin , Ming Weihua , Padgett Clifford , Orvis Jeffrey , Aiken Karelle , Landge Shainaz
Published: October 2014

1,2,3-Triazole based chemosensor is synthesized using “Click chemistry” approach. Addition of fluoride ion “turn-on” the fluorescence response of probe.
Synthesis and optical properties of phenanthromidazole derivatives for organic electroluminescent devices
Authors: Jayabharathi Jayaraman , Ramanathan Periyasamy , Thanikachalam Venugopal
Published: October 2014

The external quantum efficiency roll-off may be due to triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) and triplet–polaron annihilation (TPA).
Silver(i)-catalyzed annulation for the regioselective synthesis of N-imino-γ-carbolinium ylides from hydrazones of indole-3-carbonyl derivatives and propargylic alcohols
Authors: Zhu Yu , Shen Xin-Rui , Tang Hai-Tao , Lin Min , Zhan Zhuang-Ping
Published: October 2014

A regioselective efficient synthetic approach to N-imino-γ-carbolinium ylides via AgOTf-catalyzed iminoannulation from indole derivatives and propargylic alcohols has been developed.
Biocompatible folate-modified Gd3+/Yb3+-doped ZnO nanoparticles for dualmodal MRI/CT imaging
Authors: Yin Qi , Jin Xiaoying , Yang Guocheng , Jiang Chunhuan , Song Zhongkai , Sun Guoying
Published: October 2014

Folate-modified ZnO:Gd,Yb nanoprobes with good stability and biocompatibility can efficiently induce positive contrast enhancement in T1-weighted MRI and CT imaging.
Investigations on phosphorous doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide thin films deposited by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique for photo detecting applications
Authors: Tripathi R. K. , Panwar O. S. , Kesarwani A. K. , Rawal Ishpal , Singh B. P. , Dalai M. K. , Chockalingam S.
Published: October 2014

This paper reports the growth and properties of phosphorous doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide thin films deposited by a filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique using P doped solid silicon target as a cathode in the presence of acetylene gas.
New amphiphilic block copolymers from lactic acid and cholinium building units
Authors: Isik Mehmet , Sardon Haritz , Saenz Miriam , Mecerreyes David
Published: October 2014

New polylactide-block-poly(2-cholinium lactate methacrylate) amphiphilic block copolymers were synthesized and characterized.
Influence of synthesis conditions on the surface passivation and electrochemical behavior of layered cathode materials
Authors: Lin Feng , Nordlund Dennis , Pan Taijun , Markus Isaac M. , Weng Tsu-Chien , Xin Huolin L. , Doeff Marca M.
Published: October 2014

The surface reconstruction of NMC materials is influenced by the synthesis conditions and the electrochemical cycling history.
Microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced bio-based poly(propylene carbonate) with dual shape memory and self-healing properties
Authors: Qi Xiaodong , Yang Guanghui , Jing Mengfan , Fu Qiang , Chiu Fang-Chyou
Published: October 2014

A novel, biologically friendly polymer with shape memory and self-healing properties based on poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC)/microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) was prepared.
Graphene oxide as dual functional interface modifier for improving wettability and retarding recombination in hybrid perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Wenzhe , Dong Haopeng , Guo Xudong , Li Nan , Li Jiangwei , Niu Guangda , Wang Liduo
Published: October 2014

GO as an amphiphilic modifier enhances the selective contact between perovskite and the HTL to improve the photovoltaic performance of perovskite-sensitized solar cells.
The temperature dependence of the heliconical tilt angle in the twist-bend nematic phase of the odd dimer CB7CB
Authors: Meyer C. , Luckhurst G. R. , Dozov I.
Published: October 2014

Precise birefringence measurements in large monodomains of the twist-bend nematic phase strongly support its heliconical structure and doubly degenerate handedness.
Age-associated telomere attrition of lymphocytesin vivois co-ordinated with changes in telomerase activity, composition of lymphocyte subsets and health conditions
Authors: Lin Yun , Damjanovic Amanda , Metter E. Jeffrey , Nguyen Huy , Truong Thai , Najarro Kevin , Morris Christa , Longo Dan L. , Zhan Ming , Ferrucci Luigi , Hodes Richard J. , Weng Nan-ping
Published: October 2014

Telomeres are essential in maintaining chromosome integrity and in controlling cellular replication. Attrition of telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with age is well documented from cross-sectional studies. But the actual in vivo changes in telomere lengths and its relationship with the contributing factors within the individuals with age have not been fully addressed. In the present paper, we report a longitudinal analysis of telomere length in the PBMCs, lymphocytes and monocytes of 216 human subjects aged from 20–90 years assessed at 0-, 5- and 12-year follow-up. For the 5- and 12-year follow-up, telomere length in the PBMCs decreased in 34% and 46%, exhibited no detectable change in 56% and 47% and increased in 10% and 7% of the subjects respectively. The rate of telomere change was distinct for T-cells, B-cells and monocytes for any given subject. Telomerase activity declined with age in the resting T-cells and B-cells and the activated T-cells. Finally, a significant portion of telomere attrition in T-cells with age was explained by a decline in the telomerase activity, decreased naïve cells and the change in physiological conditions such as elevated blood glucose and interleukin (IL)-6 levels. These findings show that changes in the telomere length of the PBMCs with age in vivo occur at different rates in different individuals and cell types and reveal that changes in the telomere length in the T-cells with age is influenced by the telomerase activity, naïve T-cell percentage and changes in health conditions.
Verbal Processing Speed and Executive Functioning in Long-Term Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: AuBuchon Angela M. , Pisoni David B. , Kronenberger William G.
Published: October 2014

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to report howverbal rehearsal speed (VRS), a form of covert speech used to maintain verbal information in working memory, and another verbal processing speed measure, perceptual encoding speed, are related to 3 domains of executive function (EF) at risk in cochlear implant (CI) users: verbal working memory, fluency-speed, and inhibition-concentration.

Method

EF, speech perception, and language outcome measures were obtained from 55 prelingually deaf, long-term CI users and matched controls with normal hearing (NH controls). Correlational analyses were used to assess relations between VRS (articulation rate), perceptual encoding speed (digit and color naming), and the outcomes in each sample.

Results

CI users displayed slower verbal processing speeds than NH controls. Verbal rehearsal speed was related to 2 EF domains in the NH sample but was unrelated to EF outcomes in CI users. Perceptual encoding speed was related to all EF domains in both groups.

Conclusions

Verbal rehearsal speed may be less influential for EF quality in CI users than for NH controls, whereas rapid automatized labeling skills and EF are closely related in both groups. CI users may develop processing strategies in EF tasks that differ from the covert speech strategies routinely employed by NH individuals.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170501
Teaching the Culture of Aging
Authors: Carney-Thomas Cathy
Published: October 2014

This paper asks us to consider aging or the concept of successful aging as a cultural variable. Geriatric health care practitioners may be more willing to work with, and suffer less burnout when working with, the aging population if they can embrace the cultural changes in aging. Speech-language pathologists must become culturally competent on many levels, including understanding aging as it relates to personhood and the delivery of health care. A review of several definitions of cultural aging and how this aging affects the systems in eldercare and health care delivery are discussed. Results show it is common for the elderly to share self-perceptions during a serious illness or in a health care exchange that reflect society perceptions of them as “Old people.” Results also show that those working with the elderly in a culture of ageist stereotypes quickly burn out. It is suggested that incorporating aging as a cultural phenomenon in education and supervisory relationships will improve the quality of care received by the elderly and could increase job satisfaction of those working with the elderly.
Unleashing Your SUPERvision powers
Authors: Kelly Virginia
Published: October 2014

In a time of limited resources and increased accountability, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are asked to broaden their roles resulting in efforts to continually redefine and refine service delivery options. SLPs in schools have to be creative as we manage and shift toward a more formidable role in prevention, while still providing educationally relevant services to students who receive special education services. This article shares benefits for one SLP who embraces supervision of SLP assistants as one method for increasing service delivery options.
3D printed wideband harmonic transceiver for embedded passive wireless monitoring
Authors: Nassar I. , Tsang H. , Weller T.
Published: October 2014

A three‐dimensional (3D) wideband passive harmonic transceiver for long‐range embedded wireless monitoring is presented. The wideband performance is achieved by integrating two harmonic repeaters with adjacent centre frequencies. Each repeater consists of a frequency doubler and conjugate‐matched receive and transmit meandered monopole antennas. The transceiver operates by receiving a signal at f1 between 2.35 and 2.85 GHz and re‐radiating a signal at 2*f1 and is optimised for low‐power operation. The node fits within a λ/8.3 (at 2.4 GHz) diameter sphere and weighs 2.5 g. The transceiver maximum expected efficiency is 5.6% at −18 dBm input power. The transceiver is fabricated via direct print additive manufacturing.
Kind of high directivity scanning radiation based on subwavelength periodic metal structure
Authors: Wu Jin Jei , Hou Da Jun , Chiueh Her‐Lih , Shen Jian‐Qi , Wu Chien‐Jang , Kao Yao‐Huang , Lo Wen‐Chen , Yang Tzong‐Jer , Hsieh Ing‐Jar
Published: October 2014

A new kind of leaky wave antenna based on low‐frequency surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) is proposed, which is constructed by periodic metallic blocks with an open slot on the top. Numerical analysis shows that by introducing the open slot on the metallic blocks, there will appear extra spoof SPPs modes in the band gap of metallic solid blocks. The dispersion curve of such spoof SPPs modes passes through the light line and enters into the radiation region, and consequently it can generate a frequency steering pencil‐like radiation. Experimental verification agrees with the theory.
Performance evaluation of energy detection over extended generalised‐ composite fading channels
Authors: Alhennawi H.R. , Ismail M.H. , Mourad H.‐A.M.
Published: October 2014

A novel expression for the probability of detection in spectrum‐sensing cognitive radio systems is derived over the extended generalised‐ϰ composite fading channel assuming energy detection is employed. The new tractable expression subsumes several fading and shadowing environments as special cases. It can also be easily evaluated using commercial software packages such as MATHEMATICA© and MATLAB©.
Swapped SLM scheme for reducing PAPR of OFDM systems
Authors: Yang Lin , Hu Wu‐Jun , Soo Kwok‐Kai , Siu Yun‐Ming
Published: October 2014

The selected mapping (SLM) scheme is a competent method for reducing the high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. One drawback of the conventional SLM (C‐SLM) scheme is the high computational complexity. To reduce the complexity of C‐SLM, the real and imaginary parts of the OFDM signals are treated separately. The even and odd sequences of the real and imaginary parts are obtained using the Fourier transform properties. More candidates are generated by the different combination of all the sub‐sequences. The proposed scheme has a lower computational complexity using only M inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) operations to generate M4 candidates. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves good PAPR reduction performance and also reduces the computational complexity significantly compared with the C‐SLM scheme.
Object–image‐based quality‐on‐demand energy saving schemes for OLED displays
Authors: Chang Teng‐Chang , Xu Sendren Sheng‐Dong
Published: October 2014

This Letter studies how to precisely and instantly transform the object images displaying colours on an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) in order to meet both energy saving and personal viewing quality requirements. The proposed method could be applied to a real‐time energy saving transformation of any display media on an OLED and it will save display power consumption up to 74% based on the predicted PSNR = 40 dB. At the same time, it still retains a very good image quality after transformation.
Chrominance just‐noticeable‐distortion model based on human colour perception
Authors: Xue Fei , Jung Cheolkon
Published: October 2014

A novel chrominance just‐noticeable‐distortion (JND) model based on human colour perception is proposed. The human colour perception based on the density of cones in the retina is quantitatively modelled, and the chrominance JND model using the Gaussian distribution is obtained. To verify its superiority, the chrominance JND model is applied to stereo video coding, which adopts the residual preprocessor to deal with the residuals of stereo videos. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed chrominance JND model significantly saves bit rate without loss of perceptual quality in stereo videos.
Derivation of a family of high step‐up tapped inductor SEPIC converters
Authors: Abramovitz Alexander , Yao Jia , Smedley Keyue
Published: October 2014

A family of single‐switch SEPIC‐derived converters, which apply a tapped inductor (TI), a charge pump (CP) and an inductorless regenerative snubber to attain a high DC step‐up at high efficiency is introduced. The proposed converter family has the advantage of continuous input current, which can be helpful in attaining accurate tracking of the maximum power point of solar panels. The feasibility of the proposed topology is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Fast‐transient capacitor‐less low‐dropout regulator with assistant push‐pull output stage using bootstrap technique
Authors: Kim Youngil , Lee Sangsun
Published: October 2014

An output‐capacitor‐less low‐dropout regulator (LDR) with an assistant push‐pull output stage using a bootstrap technique is proposed. By utilising such a technique, the proposed LDR is able to achieve a fast‐transient response. The proposed LDR was implemented in a standard 0.35 μm CMOS process. Measurement results show that the undershoot of the output voltage is 375 mV at the condition of the load current switching from 1 to 200 mA at a rise time of 500 ns.
Differential rail‐to‐rail voltage‐controlled quadrature ring oscillator for low‐power implantable transceivers
Authors: Moradi A. , Sawan M.
Published: October 2014

A new low‐power rail‐to‐rail voltage‐controlled quadrature oscillator is presented. This oscillator was implemented to provide the frequency deviation of frequency‐shift‐keying (FSK) modulation in implantable radio‐frequency (RF) transceivers. The quadrature oscillator circuit generates differential in‐phase and quadrature‐phase (I and Q) signals in a two‐stage ring configuration. The proposed structure of delay cells and the start‐up circuit were implemented using IBM 130 nm CMOS technology. The frequency can be tuned between 300 kHz and 11.57 MHz by varying the supply voltage from 0.35 to 0.9 V. An average current of 5.5 µA (2.5 µW) was consumed to generate rail‐to‐rail differential quadrature signals with a frequency of 2 MHz as the target operating point dedicated to low‐power implantable transceivers.
Analysis of substrate shielding methods for sub‐THz on‐chip inductors
Authors: Jeong Chun‐Ho , Hong Jong‐Phil
Published: October 2014

An analysis of the influence of three substrate shielding methods, unshielded, patterned‐ground shield and floating shield, on a sub‐terahertz (sub‐THz) inductor is presented. In the sub‐THz frequency band, the unshielded inductor showed the best quality‐factor (Q‐factor) and self‐resonance frequency (ƒSR) since the inserted substrate shield increases the parasitic capacitance. The simulation results using an electromagnetic simulator showed good agreement with the analysis.
Simple bandwidth‐enhancement technique for miniaturised low‐profile UWB antenna design
Authors: Addaci R. , Hamdiken N. , Fortaki T. , Ferrero F. , Seetharamdoo D. , Staraj R.
Published: October 2014

Proposed is a simple technique to enhance the bandwidth of a planar monopole antenna with overall dimensions of 30 × 10 mm2. With the proposed method, based on a modified ground plane and a loop feeding structure, the −6 dB bandwidth can be enhanced by ∼50% compared to the basic structure. Based on the simulation results, the antenna achieved a total efficiency higher than 70% on the entire band and the maximum realised gain varied between 2 and 4.8 dB. A prototype has been realised, and good agreement has been obtained between the measured and simulated results.
Fractal analysis of rainfall event duration for microwave and millimetre networks: rain queueing theory approach
Authors: Alonge Akintunde Ayodeji , Afullo Thomas Joachim
Published: October 2014

Rain fade in radio networks is generated from random fluctuations of rainfall rates, within rain events of spatiotemporal dimensions. These events can be represented as a catenation of single rain spikes occurring as a possible three‐stage process – birth, overlap and death. Using the queueing theory approach, the birth–death characteristics of single spikes are investigated as inter‐arrival and service time distributions. A total of 548 spike samples from rainfall events in Durban (29°52'S, 30°58'E), South Africa are examined based on distrometer measurements. Rainfall regime analysis of drizzle, widespread, shower and thunderstorm bounds is applied to determine the queue pattern. It is found that the queue patterns in Durban exhibit an Erlang‐k distribution (Ek) for both the service and overlap times, while exponential distribution (M) is suitable for inter‐arrival time. The mean error statistics for the regimes give root‐mean‐square errors of 0.64, 1.3 and 2.02% for the service, inter‐arrival and overlap distribution, respectively, with acceptable Chi‐Squared (χ2) statistics. The M/Ek/s/∞ steady‐state analysis is later undertaken to investigate the performance of the proposed queue system. Based on the overall data, a power–law relationship is found to exist between the service time and peak rain rate per spike.
Radio frequency carrier amplitude‐burst transmitters – from architecture to circuit
Authors: Pires Sérgio C. , Cabral Pedro M. , Pedro José C.
Published: October 2014

The radio frequency carrier amplitude‐burst transmitter constitutes a promising architecture capable of efficiently transmitting signals of highly demanding complex modulation schemes. However, the tested practical implementations present results that stay way behind the theoretically advanced promises. This study presents the first thorough study of the power efficiency and linearity characteristics that can be actually achieved with this architecture. The analysis starts with a brief revision of the theoretical idealised behaviour of these switched‐mode amplifier systems, followed by the study of the many sources of impairments that appear in their real implementation. In particular, a special attention is paid to the dynamic load modulation caused by the often ignored interaction between the narrow‐band signal reconstruction filter and the switched‐mode power amplifier. The performance of this architecture is clearly explained based on the presented theory, which is supported by simulations and corresponding measurement results of a fully working implementation. The drawn conclusions allowed the development of a set of design rules for future improvements.
A 60 GHz simple‐to‐fabricate single‐layer planar Fabry–Pérot cavity antenna
Authors: Hosseini Alister , De Flaviis Franco , Capolino Filippo
Published: October 2014

A planar single‐layer single‐feed Fabry–Pérot cavity antenna is designed and fabricated to operate at 60 GHz. The simplicity and planarity of this design is achieved by using only a laminated and commercially available dielectric slab, forming the cavity of the antenna, and by exciting the antenna through a planar feed, that is, a coplanar‐waveguide‐fed slot‐dipole, printed directly on the ground plane of the cavity. The backward radiation because of a feeding‐slot on the ground plane of the cavity is also investigated and a new closed form formula is presented. The radiation performance of the fabricated antenna is measured using an automated measurement setup built to characterise high‐gain millimetre‐wave antennas being probed on the opposite side of the main radiation beam.
Single‐phase direct AC–AC step‐down converter
Authors: Lucanu Mihai , Ursaru Ovidiu , Aghion Cristian , Lucanu Nicolae
Published: October 2014

The study proposes and analyses a new circuit of direct AC–AC converter that can perform a bidirectional energy flow. The authors calculated the equations governing the functioning of the circuit. The adequate functioning and high performance of the circuit (the efficiency and waveform of the absorbed input current) were tested both by simulation and experimentally.
Interleaved high step‐up zero‐voltage‐switching boost converter with variable inductor control
Authors: Luo Quan‐ming , Yan Huan , Chen Si , Zhou Luo‐wei
Published: October 2014

An interleaved high step‐up zero‐voltage‐switching boost converter is proposed in this study. The operating principle and voltage gain ratio of the proposed converter are presented. The variable inductor control method is used to regulate the output voltage and to achieve a high‐voltage gain. The design procedure of the variable inductor with a double E core is also presented in detail. Finally, a 40 W prototype with a 12 V input and 100 V output is built to verify the consistency of the theory analysis. The highest efficiency measured is 84.5%.
Analysis and design of pulse frequency modulation discontinuous‐current‐mode dielectric barrier corona discharge with constant applied electrode voltage
Authors: Guo Tangtang , Hao Shiqiang , Zhang Chi , Liu Jun , Deng Yan , He Xiangning
Published: October 2014

In dielectric barrier corona discharge (DBCD) used in material surface treatment, how to obtain a constant peak applied electrode voltage when regulating the power is an important issue as the voltage considerably influences the discharge stability and characteristics. In this study discontinuous current mode (DCM) is used in DBCD for surface treatment. The peak applied electrode voltage is constant when the output power is regulated with pulse frequency modulation, which is simpler than conventional control schemes. Moreover, the power regulation is linear with the operating frequency. Thus, the close‐loop design is much easier. Moreover, zero‐current‐switch turn‐on and zero‐voltage‐zero‐current‐switch turn‐off are achieved with a high frequency and power density. The time‐domain analysis is simple in DCM and the expressions for key parameters, in terms of the tank gain and the capacitance ratio, are presented. The conduction loss is confirmed to be relatively low in DCM because of the essential characteristic of DBCD load. A design procedure is presented and the magnetic integration technique is used for specified transformer leakage inductance. The accuracy of the deduced expressions and design methodologies is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Application of shunt active power filter for harmonic reduction and reactive power compensation in three‐phase four‐wire systems
Authors: Garcia Campanhol Leonardo B. , Oliveira da Silva Sérgio A. , Goedtel Alessandro
Published: October 2014

This study deals with the analysis and implementation of compensation algorithms applied to a shunt active power filter, which uses three single‐phase full‐bridge converters sharing the same dc‐bus voltage. The shunt filter is applied to three‐phase four‐wire systems, performing harmonic current suppression, reactive power compensation and power factor improvement. In addition, load unbalances compensation is also carried out. Two different control strategies are presented. In the first strategy, which is called independent current control, the currents of the three‐phase power source are independently compensated performing harmonic suppression and load reactive power compensation, that is, the three‐phase four‐wire system is treated as three independent single‐phase systems. In the second strategy, in addition to harmonic suppression and load reactive power compensation, the shunt filter also performs load unbalance compensation, resulting in sinusoidal and balanced source currents. The compensating algorithms are evaluated by means of several experimental test conditions, in order to validate the theoretical development and analyse the performance of the shunt filter.
High efficient series resonant converter using direct power conversion
Authors: Lee Sung‐Ho , Cho Yong‐Won , Cha Woo‐Jun , Kim Kyu‐Tae , Kwon Bong‐Hwan
Published: October 2014

This study proposes a high efficient series resonant ac–dc converter. The proposed series resonant converter has a structure integrated with an ac chopper. The proposed converter provides turn‐on with zero‐voltage switching of all switches and performs direct power conversion without several power conversion processes. Therefore the proposed converter can achieve high efficiency by minimising losses during ac–dc power conversion. In addition, it achieves high power factor without an additional circuit. The concept and operation principle of the converter are analysed and verified. A 300 W prototype is implemented to show the performance of the proposed converter.
Recursive integral proportional–integral control based on membership cloud for active power filter
Authors: Li Yan , Fan Xiaoping
Published: October 2014

A recursive integral proportional‐integral (RIPI) control based on membership cloud theory applied in active power filter (APF) is proposed. The parallel and integral parameters of RIPI are modulated by the cloud model theory firstly. The rule generator with X‐term two‐dimensional (2D) cloud generator as forward cloud generator and Y‐term 1D cloud generator as backward cloud generator is built for cloud reasoning. The outputs from the rule generator are dealt with to obtain their numerical values. The system controlling performance is analysed, which is compared with the recursive integral PI based on fuzzy theory. Simulation and experimentation are done and the results verify the feasibility and good performance of the proposed controlling method. The APF can suppress harmonic currents well.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of a Novel Bifunctional Pyrene Derivative and its Incorporation into OligoDNA
Authors: Moriguchi Tomohisa , Hida Satomi , Yoneda Fumio , Shinozuka Kazuo
Published: October 2014

A new pyrene derivative bearing a modifiable silyl function (electron-donating group) and cyano function (electron-withdrawing group) was synthesized as a labelling agent for biological substances. The modified pyrene exhibited a marked bathochromic shift in both absorption and fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence quantum yield of the modified pyrene was also significantly increased compared with that of the unmodified pyrene. The modified pyrene was successfully incorporated into oligoDNA.
Revisiting the mismatch between formal education in computer science and the software and information services sector: the case of Argentina
Authors: Zukerfeld Mariano
Published: October 2014

The Argentinean software and information services (SIS) sector has grown steadily over the last decade. However, academics, policy makers and managers agree that the shortage of computer science (CS) degree-holders has been (and is) jeopardizing future growth. This paper depicts the situation of formal education in CS and related areas in Argentina, providing the necessary basis from which to call into question the assumption that the primary driving force of a powerful SIS sector is CS graduates. After presenting figures of enrollment, graduates and researchers, we find that while it is true that there is a mismatch between the trends of formal education in CS and that of Argentinean SIS, it is not clear at all that the sector is limited because of that. First, international comparisons with the US and the UK show that the proportion of graduates is not necessarily the main driver of a highly innovative SIS sector. Secondly, qualitative sources underline the relevance of informal learning in the acquisition of the software skills actually used by workers. Additionally, the particular evolution of SIS wages could be limiting the inflow of graduates into the sector.
Diversity and Social Trust
Authors: Kolodziej Arkadiusz , Kolodziej-Durnas Agnieszka
Published: October 2014

The labor milieu of merchant seamen is an environment which may be treated as a laboratory to analyze the processes ongoing in contemporary organizations. In this article authors concentrate on two main problems concerning interpersonal relations in a ship in the context of trust: the intercultural communication and the issue of diversity based on other qualities. Today's management practices aimed at economization of work at sea result in the fact that many of deep-sea vessels' crews are multinational teams. Long-term isolation of vessels' crews means good conditions for research on the influence of multiculturalism on interpersonal relations as well as for the level and sort of trust between seamen. The authors make attempt to prove that there is no simple and positive relation between the lack of cultural differences (understanding of others) and the level of trust. On the basis of their qualitative and quantitative research on people working at sea the authors also try to specify the tolerance of seamen toward the others. The diversity dimensions such as age, gender, religion/denomination and sexual orientations are used to describe multiculturalism in categories of acceptance and rejection. In the research presented in the article the authors have used the auditorium questionnaire (n = 224) and 20 in-depth individual interviews with seamen.
Lack of Effect on Embryo Mortality and Fry Growth from Adult Coho Salmon Subjected to Electronarcosis Prior to Spawning
Authors: Hudson J Michael , Kavanagh Maureen , Castle Shawna , Silver Brook
Published: October 2014

The use of electronarcosis as a fish immobilization technique has reemerged in recent years. Previous studies have investigated behavioral effects of the technique. But investigations of the physical and physiological effects on fish of electrical immobilization have focused on different electrical waveforms or higher power densities than are used for electronarcosis. This study was designed to determine whether there was a significant negative effect on embryo survival or fry growth among the progeny of adult Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch immobilized by electronarcosis prior to spawning as compared with being immobilized by tricaine methanesulfonate or not being immobilized at all (control). Embryo mortality in family lots ranged from 0.67% to 55.05%, with no statistically significant differences among the treatments and the control. There were significant differences in the size of fry from adults subjected to electronarcosis rather than the other two treatments, but in all cases the fry from adults treated with electronarcosis were larger. These findings support the continued use of electronarcosis as a fish immobilization technique.
Reproductive Variance of Brood Dams and Sires used in Restoration Enhancement of Spotted Seatrout in Texas Bays and Estuaries
Authors: Puritz J B , Renshaw M A , Abrego D , Vega R R , Gold J R
Published: October 2014

Spawning patterns and reproductive variance of Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus dams and sires at two restoration enhancement facilities in Texas were assessed across a spawning year by using parentage analysis based on 12 variable microsatellite loci. In total, 72.6% of all dams and sires contributed to at least one spawning event, although in contrasting patterns. Across all spawning events assayed, more sires contributed to each spawn, on average, than did dams; dams had considerably higher variance in reproductive success than sires. Dams alternatively had a higher average contribution to the number of progeny from a single spawn but also a much higher variance in the number of progeny produced per spawn. The variation in the number of progeny produced per dam and per sire and the number of actual mating combinations led to an average reduction of 64.3% in the genetic effective population size (Ne) per spawn relative to the maximum Ne that would be expected if (1) all possible dam × sire mating combinations occurred at random and (2) all families contained an equal number of progeny. Averaged over all spawns, the actual number of mating combinations accounted for approximately 83.6% of the total reduction in Ne, while variation in family size accounted for 16.4% of the total reduction in Ne. Results from this and other studies indicate that reductions in Ne of hatchery- or farm-raised progeny stem primarily from noncontributing dams, suggesting that periodic identification and removal of low-contributing dams from broodfish stocks constitute a critical step toward maximizing the Ne of hatchery offspring used in restoration enhancement.
Culturing Crappies in Indoor Water Recirculating Aquaculture Systems
Authors: Dudenhoeffer Gregory A , Hicks Charles E , Gerlach Russell , Zhang Yongfang , Omara-Alwala Thomas R
Published: October 2014

Four experiments with feed-trained crappies Pomoxis spp. were conducted to enhance the knowledge of growing crappies as food fish. Two experiments compared growth performance of juvenile Black Crappies P. nigromaculatus and White Crappies P. annularis (1) between fish that were fed two locally available commercial feeds or (2) among fish reared at densities of 0.81, 1.62, 3.25, and 6.50 g/L. No significant difference in growth performance between species was detected. Performance was significantly affected by commercial feed, but survival and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not. An inverse relationship existed between density and growth variables except final biomass, which had a direct relationship with density; survival rate was not different among density levels. For the third experiment, Black Crappie growth in light-blue control tanks was compared with growth in environmentally enhanced tanks (150 L) that had top cover structure (TCS), bottom dark coloring (BDC), or a combination of both. Fish growth was not different between control and enhanced tank treatments but significantly differed between the TCS and BDC treatments. In the fourth experiment, growth was compared between hybrid crappies that were fed using 12- and 24-h belt feeders. Fish that were fed by use of the 12-h belt feeders had improved FCR relative to continuous 24-h feeding. These experiments demonstrated that crappies can be cultured successfully indoors, with no difference in early growth between species. Additionally, crappie growth could be affected by tank environment and by feeding regimen.
Effect of Stocking Size on Growth Performance, Biomass, Production, Yield, and Survival of Caridean Shrimp Cage-Cultured in a Pond System
Authors: Ponce-Palafox Jesús T. , López-Uriostegui Fermín , Arredondo-Figueroa José L , Benítez-Mandujano Mario A , García-Ulloa Gómez Manuel , Esparza-Leal Héctor M , Spanopoulos Hernández Milton
Published: October 2014

We evaluated the effect of stocking size on growth performance, biomass, production, yield, and survival of the caridean shrimp Macrobrachium americanum, a freshwater prawn, cultured in cages held in a pond system. The experiment was conducted using 15 cages of 3 m3 placed inside an earthen pond of 1,422 m2 or surface area. Seventy-five prawns were stocked for 180 d at sizes of 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 g, and the initial stocking density was adjusted to 1.7 individuals/m3 for all size groups. Growth performance, biomass, production, yield, and survival were significantly affected by stocking size. The mean final weight fluctuated from 21.3 g for the 5-g stocking size to 82.1 g for the 45-g stocking size, whereas prawns initially stocked at 35 g obtained a biomass of 277.8 g and at 45 g obtained a biomass of 246.3 g and a yield >82.0 g/m3. The specific growth rate decreased with stocking size from 0.78%/d for the 5-g group, to 0.33%/d for the 45-g group. Annual production fluctuated from 28.0 kg/ha for the 5-g group to 88.7 kg/ha for the 45-g group, and yield was from 560.0 kg/ha for the 5-g group to 1,640 kg/ha for the 45-g group. Survival varied from 80.0% for the 5-g group to 60.0% for the 45-g group. The results showed that prawn production in caged-pond systems cultured at lower stocking sizes during the juvenile-adult phase is feasible.
Preharvest Feeding Strategy to Enhance Long-Chain Polyunsaturated and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of the Tail Muscle of Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii Grown in Earthen Ponds
Authors: D’Abramo Louis R
Published: October 2014

Three independent experiments were sequentially conducted during separate growing seasons (2009, 2010, and 2012) to determine whether a preharvest change in feed could achieve a desired enhancement of the long-chain (LC) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content or the PUFA content of the tail muscle in freshwater prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Juvenile freshwater prawns were stocked into 0.05-ha earthen ponds, cultured for 111–122 d, and then harvested. For the first experiment, there were three treatments: exclusive feeding of a commercial prawn feed for 122 d after stocking; exclusive feeding of range cubes for 122 d after stocking; and administering range cubes for 84 d followed by prawn feed for the final 38 d prior to harvest. The second experiment consisted of four treatments: range cubes were fed exclusively for the entire growing season (116 d) or were fed until replaced by the prawn feed at 39, 24, or 17 d prior to harvest. The LC-PUFA profile for the tail muscle of harvested prawns was equivalent between prawns given the prawn feed for the entire growing season and those given the range cubes substituted by the prawn feed for the final 38 or 39 d before harvest. The proportional levels of LC-PUFA in the tail muscle of prawns that received the prawn feed during the final 24 or 17 d prior to harvest were slightly lower. In the third experiment (two treatments), range cubes were administered either throughout the growing season (112 d) or for 84 d followed by the feeding of range cubes sprayed with flaxseed oil (2% weight/weight) for the final 28 d. The percentage (as total fatty acids) of linolenic acid (18:3[n-3]), the principal fatty acid in flaxseed oil, increased 7.8 times in the feed and 3.3 times in the tail muscle of harvested freshwater prawns.
Pulmonary Hypertension Caused by Pulmonary Venous Hypertension
Authors: Kulik Thomas J.
Published: October 2014

The effect of pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) on the pulmonary circulation is extraordinarily variable, ranging from no impact on pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to a marked increase. The reasons for this are unknown. Both acutely reversible pulmonary vasoconstriction and pathological remodeling (especially medial hypertrophy and intimal hyperplasia) account for increased PVR when present. The mechanisms involved in vasoconstriction and remodeling are not clearly defined, but increased wall stress, especially in small pulmonary arteries, presumably plays an important role. Myogenic contraction may account for increased vascular tone and also indirectly stimulate remodeling of the vessel wall. Increased wall stress may also directly cause smooth muscle growth, migration, and intimal hyperplasia. Even long‐standing and severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) usually abates with elimination of PVH, but PVH‐PH is an important clinical problem, especially because PVH due to left ventricular noncompliance lacks definitive therapy. The role of targeted PH therapy in patients with PVH‐PH is unclear at this time. Most prospective studies indicate that these medications are not helpful or worse, but there is ample reason to think that a subset of patients with PVH‐PH may benefit from phosphodiesterase inhibitors or other agents. A different approach to evaluating possible pharmacologic therapy for PVH‐PH may be required to better define its possible utility.