bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological and Pedagogical Conditions for the Formation of Intercultural Competence in Students
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kenzhebayeva A.T. , Sansyzbayeva D.B. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kassymova G.K. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University,   Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, SAtbayev University, Kazakhstan
Published: April 2022

The article examines the formation of intercultural competence of students as a topical issue in the education system. Deep socio-economic and political changes in our country are associated with the transition to an open civil society, the distinctive feature of which is the interaction of man with representatives of other countries and peoples. The domestic education system is also changing in this regard. The process of integration into the world community and the creation of an open democratic society has set a new goal for Kazakhstan's education system. The task is to bring up a person who lives in a certain country, not only as a representative of his own culture, but also as a citizen of the world who perceives himself and its carrier, and has a world-class ability to absorb the rich cultural heritage of his people and other nations. The formation of a cultured personality, striving for mutual understanding with them, ready to carry out interpersonal and intercultural interaction is important in communication. Modern society requires not just teachers and psychologists, but much more widely – specialists in international and intercultural communication. This goes beyond just knowing the language, which is by no means the end of communication between people. In the process of learning, students must master the skills, act as an intermediary between representatives of their own and foreign cultures, determine the causes of violations of intercultural communication and effectively eliminate misunderstandings and conflict situations caused by intercultural differences. Thus, the tasks of professional training of students include the study of intercultural differences, which allows them to more clearly understand the characteristics of their culture, interact more effectively with representatives of another culture, avoid interethnic tension and can serve as a guide in a situation of ethnic conflicts. In this regard, the pedagogical and psychological conditions of intercultural formation of students is one of the most interesting and topical issues.
Effectiveness of Teaching Students the Technology of Reproduction of Introduced Plants in the Botanical Garden
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Issaev G.I. , Abdalimova Sh.B. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the effectiveness of introducing and teaching students the features of reproduction of introduced plants in the Botanical Garden. Attention was paid to the study by the method of observation in the natural environment of introduced plants. Salix babilonica L., which is distinguished by its beauty and high level of adaptability. the type was chosen for research work. In the course of conducting research work with students, the survey method, presentation and discussion method were used. In order to increase the interest and motivation of students in the course of the study, excursions were organized in the Botanical Garden of the International Kazakh-Turkish university, where Salix babilonica L. was introduced among the plants. according to the method of stem plucking, pliers were removed from the species, and work was carried out on their planting. As a result of the survey, it was found that students had a high level of understanding of the reproduction of introduced plants and were particularly interested in conducting research in the Botanical Garden. The experience gained in mastering the technology of reproduction of introduced plants increased the desire of young specialists to science and formed research skills. During the study, Salix babilonica L. 150 cuttings of the species were planted, of which 85% received planting material that has passed the rooting stage at a high level. The use of ecological and physiological aspects of adapted plants in the educational process is considered. The methodology of research work has been developed and proposed to be introduced into the educational process. Based on the results of the study, it was found that effective ways to teach the technology of reproduction of introduced plants in the Botanical Garden can be used as an auxiliary tool for future biology teachers and as a methodology for organizing laboratory work.
The Political History of Savromat-Sarmatic Tribes
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Sizdikov B.
Published: April 2022

The territory of Western Kazakhstan was considered an important part of Asia, where nomadic tribes lived from the Bronze Age. The region was located at the crossroads of Asia and Europe, played the role of an intercontinental bridge, and over a number of historical periods was a witness to important historical events. From the Iron Age to the Middle Ages, it was an important region where many cultures appeared and historical mass migrations of nomads took place. One of the cultures that developed in the region was formed in the Iron Age - the Sauromat- Sarmatian culture. Among researchers, there is still no common opinion about the time when the Sauromat-Sarmatian tribes appeared on the historical arena, about the territory of residence, the chronological framework of culture, and this is undoubtedly one of the important problems that need to be solved. Therefore, we chose these questions as the main goal of our scientific research. Studying written and archaeological data, we tried to systematically explain the appearance of these tribes in the historical arena, the political history of the tribes. In addition, we examined the stages of life of the Sauromat-Sarmatian tribes, dividing them into four periods and identified the characteristics of cultures.
SOME THOUGHTS ON THE OLD UIGHUR DOCUMENT U 5933 (CONTRIBUTIONS TO MORIYASU 2019)
Authors:   Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey, ARSLAN Hüsnü Çağdaş
Published: April 2022

There were private letters among the Uighur manuscripts in the Thousand Buddha Caves in Dunhuang. It is seen that these letters have different contents from daily human relations to working life, from commerce to state administration. There are more than two hundred letters belonging to the Old Uighurs from different times. This study consists of presenting a document which is only given the text and translation of it in the doctoral thesis I have prepared on the Old Uighur letters and their vocabulary, and announcing updated information and comments about the document. The document mentioned, read and interpreted in this study is a letter and it is preserved in the Turfan Collection of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften as U 5933 (T M 84 = COUL no. 172). This document was first examined by P. Zieme in 1975 and later by J. Wilkens in 2000. Finally, this document was discussed in T. Moriyasu’s Corpus, which brought together Old Uighur private letters in 2019. Considering the view that Moriyasu expresses as “I cannot understand the reason why Zieme and Wilkens regard it as a writing by a Manichaean”, some justifications defending this view are suggested here. In addition, some new reading and interpretation suggestions are made regarding this document.
FLAG AND SANZHAK ĠN SELJUK
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, ÇELER Şahin
Published: April 2022

Flags have had great importance for the states and other flag-owning institutions and establishments. Flags had significant meanings in the ancient times in which symbols were especially carried great significance. Flags represented the states and the rulers legitimated their rule by their flags. Turks, since their emergence in history, have cared to use flags because of the influence of either the mythological beliefs they had or states they had a relation with. Before their adoption of Islam, Turks used flags in accordance with their old beliefs. After adopting Islam, they started to use Islamic symbols in their flags. Seljuks had a similar attitude and used flags with Islamic motifs. In the initial periods of their rule, they used symbols from their pre-statehood past but after their recognition by the Abbasid, they used symbols in their flags indicating this state of recognition.
Effects of Trunk-Injected Abamectin on the Elm Leaf Beetle
Authors: Harrell Mark O. , Pierce Philip A.
Published: April 2022

Trunk-injected abamectin applied at the rate of 0.5 ml of 2% a.i. formulation for every 10 cm of trunk circumference effectively controlled the elm leaf beetle on Siberian elm. Treatments applied in May before hatching of first-generation larvae reduced defoliation levels in June and August. Foliage from treated trees remained toxic to elm leaf beetle larvae 83 days after treatment. Some phytotoxicity was observed around the treatment holes.
Growth, Biomass, and Trim/Chip Time Reduction Following Application of Flurprimidol Tree Growth Regulator
Authors: Redding Kent , Burch Patrick , Miller Kenneth
Published: April 2022

Two application methods for the tree growth regulator flurprimidol were compared to untreated trees three years after treatment. Silver maple in Ohio, water and willow oak in Virginia, red oak and red maple in Maine, and Norway maple in Pennsylvania, at locations representing five different utilities, were treated with basal soil drench applications at 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 grams of active ingredient (gai) per inch diameter at breast height (dbh) and with implant applications at 0.5 and 0.75 gai per inch dbh in 1989. Trees were revisited three years after application and assessed for growth suppression using three techniques. Measurement of the seven longest shoots in each tree were taken to the nearest inch for the growth occurring from 1989 to 1992. All trees were trimmed to utility companies' specifications, and the green biomass removed was weighed and chipped. Green biomass weight and actual trim/chip time was recorded for each tree. Significant differences were detected between the untreated trees and the treated trees; however, differences due to application techniques and dose rates were irregular and seldom significant. Overall, for the four species across all sites,there was a 63 percent reduction in shoot elongation, a 75 percent reduction in biomass, and a 55 percent reduction in trim and chip time when tree growth regulators were used.
Ecological Bases for Selecting Urban Trees
Authors: Ware George
Published: April 2022

Survivability of urban trees is closely related to their "toughness" or inherent capacity to endure stress. Stresstolerance can usually be gauged by assessing ecological adversities of the natural environment of trees as components of ecosystems. Survival and contributions of urban trees depend upon three major considerations: selection of appropriate trees, choice and preparation of favorable planting places; and handling (e.g. proper transplanting) and follow-up care.
An Evaluation of Volume Excavation and Core Sampling Techniques for Measuring Soil Bulk Density
Authors: Lichter J.M. , Costello L.R.
Published: April 2022

Soil bulk densities were measured at three locations representing a variety of textural classes utilizing two measurement techniques: core sampling and volume excavation. Bulk density values established by the volume excavation method were significantly lower than core sampling values at 2 of 3 locations. The differences in bulk densities generated by the two techniques should be considered when evaluating the severity of compaction on a site relative to an assumed critically limiting bulk density. Core sampling is a simple, fast and common technique, but is not suitable for sampling rocky, dry or wet soils. The volume excavation method requires simple to use and inexpensive tools and was useful for sampling soils of various conditions, but this technique required greater care in sampling technique which increased the time required for sampling.
Variation Among Alnus Progenies Grown in Ohio
Authors: Townsend A.M. , Douglass L.W.
Published: April 2022

Seedlings grown in Ohio from seed collected from 12 native seed sources ofAlnusglutinosa(European black alder) and one seed source ofAlnus cordata(Italian alder) were outplantedin 1981 in a combination provenance/family planting. Data were collected over a period of 11 years after planting. Results show highly significant variation among provenances in winter injury, time of growth initiation, rate of survival, leaf miner injury, and height and diameter growth. Italian alder seedlings showed the least leafminer injury and the earliest flushing, but showed the poorest survival of all groups tested, primarily because of winter injury. European black alder seedlings grown from seed collected in Iran also sustained major winter dieback and poor survival. Trees from West Germany, France, Denmark, and Yugoslavia seed sources were fastest-growing, whereas seedlings from some sources in southern Europe (Spain, Italy, Bulgaria) were slowest - growing. The genetic variation shown in this study is sufficient to allow for success in breeding for improved insect resistance, cold hardiness, and growth rate in alder.
Mycoplasmalike Organisms as Causes of Slow Growth and Decline of Trees and Shrubs
Authors: Sinclair Wayne A. , Griffiths Helen M. , Lee Ing-Ming
Published: April 2022

Mycoplasmalike organisms are obligate parasites of plants and insects. In recent years, advances have been made in detecting and identifying them, distinguishing among those associated with various plant diseases, assigning them to groups based upon homology of DNA base sequences, and determining their roles in decline of trees and shrubs. These advances are reviewed with special reference to ash yellows and elm yellows. Known and probable relationships among MLOs associated with various plant diseases are tabulated.
Effects of Leaf Removal, Leaf Tying, and Overhead Irrigation on Transplanted Pygmy Date Palms
Authors: Broschat Timothy K.
Published: April 2022

The effects of leaf removal, leaf tying, and overhead irrigation during transplanting were determined using mature pygmy date palms(Phoenix roebelenii).In one experiment palms had all, 2/3, or none of their leaves removed and were irrigated overhead or on the soil surface only. In the second experiment, palms had 2/3 of their lower leaves removed and those remaining were eithertied up into a bundle or left untied. Half of the palms in each experiment were irrigated daily while the other half were subjected to water stress cycles. Results showed that leaf tying had no positive effect on the palms, but when coupled with overhead irrigation, was responsible for fungal infections in the crowns of some palms. With regular irrigation, palm quality and root growth were increased as the number of leaves retained was increased, but under water stress conditions, the reverse was true. Overhead irrigation had no positive effect on transplanted palms.
Augmentative Releases for Aphid Control on Landscape Plants
Authors: Raupp Michael , Hardin Mark , Braxton Susan , Bull Brenda
Published: April 2022

This report summarizes the findings of four augmentative releases of insect predators, lady beetles and lacewings, for controlling aphids on landscape plants. Releases of the convergent lady beetle and seven spotted lady beetle reduced populations of spirea aphid on firethorn when dispersal was limited. Neither species of lady beetle reduced populations of woolly aphids on firethorn. A field release of convergent lady beetles was followed by reduced aphid populations on Elaeagnus in a landscape. Releases of lacewings on stonecrop and hawthorn provided no evidence of reductions in aphid populations. Some impediments to the success of augmentative releases in landscapes are discussed.
Callery Pear Cultivars Tested as Street Trees: Initial Results
Authors: Gerhold Henry , McElroy Heather
Published: April 2022

Eight callery pear cultivars were planted, two each in ten communities, for evaluation as street trees. They were measured annually during the first three years by cooperators in the Municipal Tree Restoration Program, using standardized methods. Under sometimes stressful site conditions, all the cultivars but one grew well and remained healthy. Two-year height growth of five cultivars varied from 1.0 to 3.4 feet, representing a 7 to 30 percent increase. Diameter growth ranged from 0.4 to 1.0 inches, i.e. average increases of 18 to 68 percent in two years. The health of foliage, branches, and trunks was good to excellent after the first growing season, during which there were occasional signs of transplant shock. The one exception was the Whitehouse cultivar, which grew little in height and exhibited greater foliage injury than the others. Aristocrat, Cleveland Select, and Redspire received the highest overall rating; Autumn Blaze, Cleveland Pride, and Valiant also appear promising, based on more limited data. Bradford is growing well, and has not yet shown signs of breakage which is known to occur when trees become more mature.
Principles of Eradicative Pruning
Authors: Svihra Pavel
Published: April 2022

Excision of infected or infested branches from woody plants was recommended as a control tactic more than 150 years ago. The term "eradicative pruning" was first introduced for Dutch elm disease control. Eradicative pruning can eliminate local and regional branch (limb) infection or infestation to prevent further spread of a pathogen or pest in the tree. When combined with other chemical and cultural treatments, eradicative pruning fits well to the concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) or Plant Health Care (PHC). Timing of pruning, severity and extent of symptoms, location of pathogen or pest attack, stage of infection or infestation, and contamination of pruning tools all influence the success of eradicative pruning. This report presents a guide for selected disease and pest attacks that can be successfully eradicated from woody plants in California.
Environmental Adaptation and Ornamental Display of Cornus florida Ecotypes
Authors: Heatley R. C. , Kielbaso J. J. , Howell G. S.
Published: April 2022

A flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) rangewide provenance study was begun in 1972 in Michigan. One block was planted on an open hilltop and another under the shade of another plantation. Trees from 18 states were rated for fall color; from 15 states for cold hardiness, flowering, and presence of stem cankers. Northern seed sources were hardier when grown in the open than under shade. Fall color was best for northern sources grown in the open; shaded trees developed minimal color. Use of northern seed sources should provide hardier trees with better fall color displays and better flowering in northern landscapes.
A Child's View of the Urban Forest
Authors: Johnson Gary , Monear Janette
Published: April 2022

One hundred twenty elementary school children in Minnesota were given cameras for one school week and instructed to photograph their outdoor world. The children represented four different grade levels and three population regions: urban, suburban and rural. This study is an alternative to the photograph evaluation surveys given to adults or children, and provides insight into a child's view of the urban forest. A high percentage of the photographs from all regions and all grade levels included trees. Children from urban areas photographed fewer playground scenes than did suburban and rural children. Youngerchildren photographed more people and playgrounds than older children did.
A Model of Urban Forest Sustainability
Authors: Clark James , Matheny Nelda , Cross Genni , Wake Victoria
Published: April 2022

We present a model for the development of sustainable urban forests. The model applies general principles of sustainability to urban trees and forests. The central tenet of the model is that sustainable urban forests require a healthy tree and forest resource, community-wide support and a comprehensive management approach. For each of these components, we present criteria and indicators for assessing their status at a given point in time. The most significant outcome of a sustainable urban forest is to maintain a maximum level of net environmental, ecological, social, and economic benefits over time.
Duration of Water Stress Affects Development of Sphaeropsis Canker on Scots Pine
Authors: Johnson Janelle , Gleason Mark , Parker Sharon , Provin Ellen , Lies Jeffery , Flynn Paula
Published: April 2022

Saplings of Pinus sylvestris were subjected to drought stress periods and inoculated with Sphaempsis sapinea in a greenhouse experiment. Six wk after inoculation, saplings that had low needle water potentials for 14 to 21 days after inoculation exhibited more dieback and developed significantly (P < 0.05) longer cankers than saplings that had equivalent water stress for 3 to 4 days after inoculation or unstressed saplings. The results indicate that drought stress increases susceptibility of Scots pine to Sphaeropsis canker and that canker growth can be suppressed by watering drought-stressed trees.
Ash Yellows Occurrence and Association with Slow Growth of Green Ash in Iowa and Wisconsin Cities
Authors: Gleason Mark , Parker Sharon , Engle Tiffany , Flynn Paula , Griffiths Helen , Vitosh Mark , Lies Jeffery
Published: April 2022

Green ash in nine cities in Iowa and Wisconsin were surveyed in August and September 1994 for occurrence and impact of ash yellows (AshY) phytoplasma infection. In each city, the survey included 12 arbitrarily selected trees in each of three crown condition categories: less than 10% crown dieback, 11 to 30% crown dieback, and more than 30% crown dieback. Up to four trees per community with witches'-brooms were also sampled. Occurrence of phytoplasmal infection in sampled trees lacking witches'-brooms ranged from 3% to 19% among the cities in the survey. The number of trees that tested positive for phytoplasmas, or that exhibited epicormic sprouts, deliquescent branching, basal bark cracks, or basal shoots, did not differ significantly among the crown dieback classes sampled. Trees that displayed witches'-brooms or basal shoots were significantly (P<0.005) more likely to be infected with phytoplasmas (54%) than trees lacking these symptoms (13%). The presence of epicormic sprouts, deliquescent branching, or basal bark cracks was not significantly associated with presence of phytoplasmas. Trees infected with phytoplasmas had significantly (P<0.0001) less radial growth than noninfected trees from 1973 to 1994.
The Economic Impacts of Deferring Electric Utility Tree Maintenance
Authors: Browning D. Mark , Wiant Harry
Published: April 2022

A study was conducted to examine the economics of deferring line clearance tree pruning. The cost of pruning a tree was found to increase significantly as it grows closer to, and beyond, the conductors. The amount of biomass, and thus disposal cost, also increases with the length of time a tree is allowed to grow. Predictive models were developed for three utilities to provide a means of projecting the total impact of postponing line clearance work on crew time and costs associated with pruning trees. For every routine maintenance dollar deferred, substantially more than one dollar must be spent in subsequent years to re-establish the preferred cycle. The specific amount of this increase is utility dependent and is affected by production costs, tree growth rates, site characteristics (dbh and type of pruning), etc. An additional adjustment would be necessary to allow for an increase in disposal costs resulting from a larger amount of biomass removed. If funding reductions are not offset with larger expenditures in subsequent years, tree maintenance cycles are rapidly extended. Modeling a 20 percent annual funding decrease resulted in extending one utility's cycle from 5 years to 9 years over a 12-year period. These estimates do not take into account the impact that deferred line clearance work has on service reliability, service restoration costs, and the amount of time spent on hotspotting and responding to customer requests for unscheduled maintenance.
Control ofPhytophthora lateralisRoot Rot of Lawson Cypress with Enterobacter aerogenes
Authors: Utkhede Raj , Stephen Bill , Wong Stephen
Published: April 2022

The biological agent strain B8 ofEnterobacter aerogenes, applied in June Of 1992,1993,1994, and 1995 as a soil drench at 6.7 × 109colony forming units per tree, was evaluated for control ofPhytophthora lateralisroot rot of Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) trees. The test was conducted under field conditions in the city of Vancouver, British Columbia, on naturally infected Lawson cypress trees. Based on four years of observations, strain B8 ofE. aerogenescontrolled the disease and increased the growth of trees. This study showed the potential of strain B8 ofE. aerogenesfor biological control of root rot of Lawson cypress trees.
Herbicides to Control Tree Roots in Sewer Lines
Authors: Groninger John , Zedaker Shepard , Seiler John
Published: April 2022

The use of metham (methylcarbamadithioic acid) to control tree roots obstructing municipal sewer lines faces possible restriction by the U.S. EPA. In an effort to find a herbicidal alternative to metham, eight presently available herbicides (asulam, DCPA, EPTC, MSMA, glufosinate, glyphosate, sodium chlorate and triclopyr) were screened for efficacy in killing roots without visibly damaging other portions of the tree. Exposed roots in containerized seedlings of four species: water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera L), wateroak (Quercus nigra L), and chinaberry (Melia azadarach L), were exposed to herbicides at rates equal to or 10 times the cost of operational rates of metham. Five weeks following treatment, triclopyr, glufosinate and sodium chlorate showed herbicidal activity against roots. Only glufosinate had activity against roots without damaging foliage. Glufosinate was effective at a 10x rate, but not 1x, the cost of metham. While these chemicals may have the potential to be developed as alternatives to metham, increased material costs would likely result.
Effect of Herbicides on Butterfly Populations of an Electric Transmission Right-Of-Way
Authors: Bramble W.C. , Yahner R.H. , Byrnes W.R.
Published: April 2022

A study was made in 1995 and 1996 of the butterfly populations on a 500 kV transmission line of PECO Energy in the Piedmont Region of eastern Pennsylvania. The objective was to compare the long-term effect of 3 herbicide sprays with 2 mechanical methods of right-of-way (ROW) maintenance on the number of butterfly species and their abundance. The wire zone/border zone technique was used on all units to maintain shrubs on border zones. Butterfly counts were made at 5 times over the growing season to coincide with flowering of common plant species. There was no discernible adverse effect of herbicide spray maintenance in comparison with mechanical methods on either the number of species, or individuals, of the ROW butterfly population. Twenty butterfly species were present on the handcuffing unit and 19 to 21 on the 3 herbicide units. The number of individual butterflies present on the 3 herbicide units ranged between 122 to 154 in contrast to 116 on the handcut control unit.
Developing a Utility Line Arboretum
Authors: Appleton Bonnie , Touchette Barbara , French Susan , Niemiera Alex
Published: April 2022

Distribution of publications discouraging the practice of planting inappropriately-tall trees under utility lines has not been particularly effective as evidenced by their continuing selection. To create higher visibility of both this problem and one solution, the use of smaller trees as well as large shrubs, a utility line arboretum was developed to showcase potentially superior tree and shrub selections for the utility line - street tree conflict area.
Effects and Control of Periodical CicadaMagicicada septendecimandMagicicada cassiniOviposition Injury on Urban Forest Trees
Authors: Miller Fredric D.
Published: April 2022

The long-term effect of oviposition by the female periodical cicadas,Magicicada septendecimandM. cassini(Homoptera: Cicadidae) was examined on shade trees at two urban forest sites in northeastern Illinois following the 1991-1993 growing seasons. Minimum branch diameter appears to be a critical factor in ovipositional activity. Plants with stout branching habits do not appear to be suitable for oviposition. Percent canopy flagging, as a function of the number of wounds per branch, may not be an accurate measurement of ovipositional damage. Young trees with stem diameters or main scaffold branches with diameters between 5 and 10 mm may experience significant damage to the main trunk resulting in breakage and significant growth loss. Larger plant material does not appear to be significantly affected by ovipositional damage, which results only in a minor natural pruning event. Chemical control for the prevention of ovipositional wound damage by the female periodical cicada does not appear to be a practical and effective pest management option. Even severe and heavy ovipositional damage does not appear to predispose urban forest trees to attack by secondary insects or pathogens.
Formal Comparison of Spatial Socioeconomic Units Based on their Typological Properties
Authors:   National Technical University of Athens, Greece, Darra Athanasia
Published: April 2022

Spatial units often serve as a reference to socioeconomic phenomena constituting what is known as spatial socioeconomic units (SSEUs). SSEUs find a wide application in geography. In order to understand and compare different typologies of SSEUs, it is necessary to examine the most important part of their definition which is their properties, mainly spatial but also non-spatial. SSEUs defined in this framework can be qualitatively compared on the basis of their properties using the efficient method of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA). Basic elements of FCA are (a) the Formal context which associates objects and attributes via a relation, (b) the Formal concept or category, which is a collection of objects which share common attributes, (c) the hierarchical relation from a more general to more specialized concepts, and (d) the concept lattice which shows all formal concepts of a formal context. This paper presents an FCA-based comparison of SSEUs typological properties using two indicative examples.
Investigation of Prefabricated Building System in Indian Construction
Authors: Swathi P  , Sindhu Vaardini U
Published: April 2022

The construction industry contributes almost 9% to the country's GDP, employing over 51 million people is relatively backward to meet people's housing demand. To meet the housing demand prefabrication technique is adopted. An extensive literature study was carried out, and this paper reviews the history, characteristic features of prefabrication technology, and the significant parts that construction companies should concentrate on prefabrication are emphasized. Prefabrication is the assembly of structures or components at a place other than the construction site. This paper suggests that prefabricated structures can deliver high-order design within the framework of managed waste reduction, renewable system integration, and optimal performance.
Research of secondary raw materials of grain processing for use in bread production
Authors: Esembek M. Zh. , Tarabayev B. K. , Omaralieva A. M. , Botbaeva Zh. T. , Kakimov M. M.
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the prospects for the rational use of secondary raw materials for processing grain crops. Scientifically based solutions have been developed for the implementation of resource-saving technologies for the rational use of secondary raw materials for processing grain crops. Rice flour produced at one of the dynamically developing companies in the agricultural sector, in the PT "Abzal and Company" (Kyzylorda region), buckwheat flour selected in the LLP "Jaeger" (Pavlodar region) were used as the object of the study. The chemical composition of by-products of grain processing - rice and buckwheat flour - was investigated. During the study, it was noted that the chemical composition of these raw materials has significant advantages. The amino acid and fatty acid composition of rice and buckwheat flour were determined. In connection with the prospect of using rice and buckwheat flour in the production of bread, an assessment of their sanitary and hygienic condition was studied. Based on the conducted research, the prospects of using rice and buckwheat flour for use in baking were established.
Da Geografia primitiva à pré-grega: a importância da epistemologia no ensino de Geografia
Authors: Ferreira Cruz Ewerton , Martinez José Henrique Izidoro Apezteguia , Silva Glaycon De Souza Andrade e , Eustáquio Gleyber
Published: April 2022

A geografia é o estudo do planeta Terra através dos fenômenos que a compõem, um conceito importante para a evolução do pensamento geográfico é a epistemologia, que é o estudo das diferentes correntes filosóficas da geografia. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os precursores da Geografia (Geografia Primitiva e Geografia Pré-Grega), logrando subsidiar epistemologicamente conteúdos para aulas de Ensino de Geografia nos diferentes níveis educacionais. A geografia pode ser dividida inicialmente em geografia primitiva e geografia pré-grega. A geografia pré-grega era muito voltada para questões práticas, dentro da geografia grega temos as primeiras civilizações, essas civilizações foram chamadas de: civilização do Rio Nilo, Mesopotâmia e Hebreus. A geografia pré-grega além de se focar nas migrações, foca nos relatos das viagens feitas pelos viajantes. A base fundamental para se fazer geografia é adquirida através do conhecimento das Escolas Geográficas e as suas contribuições para inserção da variável espaço e a variável tempo, sendo a Geografia Primitiva e Pré-Grega as precursoras de todas as escolas da Geografia. Viu-se ao longo do artigo que muitas das preocupações dos “primeiros geógrafos” ainda fazem-se presentes no cotidiano, sobretudo a indagação “onde?”, sendo uma reflexão necessária para professores de Geografia mediarem a vivência do aluno com o pensamento geográfico.
Ensino de geografia e literatura: perspectivas possíveis
Authors: Chaves Francisca Linara da Silva , Carneiro Rosalvo Nobre
Published: April 2022

A literatura encontra espaço promissor para o ensino de geografia. As múltiplas abordagens revelam as perspectivas diferenciadas quando se pensa a relação entre o saber literário e o saber geográfico.Objetivamos, desse modo, apresentar as contribuições da literatura para o ensino de geografia na Educação Básica. Para tanto, realizamos uma revisão de literatura sobre o tema, condensando as metodologias de ensino predominantes e os gêneros literários apontados nos estudos mapeados. A pesquisa envereda em abordagens diversas, que se utilizam de diferentes gêneros literários para trabalhar a geografia na sala de aula, por meio de metodologias que visam contextualizar os conteúdos geográficos através de obras literárias. Os resultados obtidos nos proporcionaram conhecer diferentes abordagens realizadas acerca do ensino de geografia com a literatura, através de metodologias que tornam possível a realização de um trabalho interdisciplinar em sala de aula. Além disso, asseguram a possibilidade de trazer gêneros textuais variados, que podem ser escolhidos com base nas preferências do público com o qual irá trabalhar. Dessa forma, os caminhos oferecidos pela literatura são inúmeros, e não devemos hesitar em percorrê-los.
Processo de ensino-aprendizagem e o pensamento geográfico: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Bossoni Clayton De Oliveira
Published: April 2022

Os processos de ensino-aprendizagem referente aos conteúdos geográficos, devem se fazer presentes no cotidiano escolar, para isso o professor necessita da busca pelo domínio e conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo a ser trabalhado, haja vista que estes estão envoltos por métodos e modos para torná-los efetivos. A partir disso, este artigo objetiva proporcionar aos leitores, um conhecimento referente a algumas formas e caminhos para a construção dos saberes no percurso formativo de alunos da educação básica. Esse processo de ensino-aprendizagem é iniciado no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental I, sendo implementado no processo formativo através da alfabetização cartográfica. Na metodologia apresentada neste trabalho, é necessário a realização de abstrações e generalizações do conteúdo por parte dos alunos. Assim, no decorrer desse caminho de formação, há processos externos e internos que agem sobre as atividades mentais desses estudantes, as quais estão ligadas numa vinculação entre empírico e teórico, o qual abre possibilidades e caminhos para a construção do saber. Nessa metodologia, é relatado que os alunos ao serem inseridos nesse processo de ensino-aprendizagem, vão pouco a pouco construindo o conhecimento, até chegar a sua finalização, caracterizada pela concretização do pensamento. Essa sucessão de aprendizagens é resultante de um desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades, que vão sendo desenvolvidas a partir da capacidade intelectual de cada aluno, de modo que consigam aprender por si mesmos. Objetivando a concretização, efetivação e excelência do processo de ensino-aprendizagem no ambiente escolar do ensino básico, esse trabalho propõe aos professores a usufruírem de meios e métodos dos quais são condizentes com a realidade e as vivências do público alvo, a fim de promover a seus alunos a ampliação e compreensão do mundo geográfico em suas mais diversas escalas, buscando relacionar os conteúdos científicos com a vida cotidiana, desde contextos mais próximos, até em escalas macro.
Geografia literária do Brasil: caminho de uma prática de ensino
Authors: Cavalcante Tiago Vieira , Lima Thiago Rodrigues Sousa
Published: April 2022

Neste trabalho apresentamos a reflexão sobre uma prática de ensino realizada na disciplina Geografia do Brasil, ministrada no curso de Geografia da Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC. Entendemos que a literatura pode ser compreendida como uma criação humana capaz de ampliar nosso entendimento das histórias dos/nos espaços, isto por meio das espacialidades e das geograficidades que envolvem as narrativas. Denominamos essa prática de Geografia Literária do Brasil, buscando diversificar a apreensão por parte dos estudantes das características geográficas das diferentes regiões do país. Por fim, avaliamos as possibilidades didáticas dessa prática com base em pesquisa realizada com os estudantes.
Mapeamento colaborativo como estratégia de ensino de cartografia: um relato de experiência com o aplicativo Canvis
Authors: Petsch Carina , Batista Natália Lampert , Habowski Jhennifer Tais Vieira , Altermann Francisco Augusto , Silva Guilherme Moreira da
Published: April 2022

Diante do aumento da produção de Informações Geográficas Voluntárias (VGI, em inglês) geradas pelo mapeamento colaborativo em plataformas online, faz-se necessário refletir sobre relações com o ensino de Cartografia. Este trabalho traz um relato de oficina com uma das primeiras experiências do aplicativo de mapeamento colaborativo Canvis, no ensino de Geografia. O objetivo foi a indicação de locais vividos antes e durante a pandemia da COVID-19. O mapeamento colaborativo foi realizado por 42 alunos do ensino médio, que também responderam um questionário avaliativo sobre as dificuldades e potencialidades da metodologia, em agosto de 2020. Foram mapeados ao todo 148 pontos dentro da área urbana de Santa Maria, sendo 57 locais que interagiam antes da pandemia e 91 locais que convivem durante a pandemia. Os alunos passaram a vivenciar o território de nove bairros, o que vai contra a hipótese inicial, de que os alunos estavam mais restritos a pontos em seus bairros. Percebe-se um aumento de pontos em endereços residenciais, assim como em hipermercados, enquanto praças e bares/restaurantes não são mais frequentados. Destaca-se que os alunos apontaram a experiência com o uso do mapeamento colaborativo como positiva, principalmente por torná-los sujeitos ativos no mapeamento, embora algumas dificuldades de localização tenham sido evidenciadas. É necessário assim, considerar a prática como uma via de mão dupla, pois ao fomentar a alfabetização cartográfica, também demanda que o aluno tenha noções básicas que permitam que o mesmo se guie na plataforma colaborativa, além de considerar a idade dos alunos.
Dilemas do ensino de geografia na pandemia: uma perspectiva miltoniana
Authors: Cerqueira-Neto Sebastião Pinheiro Gonçalves de , Silva Leonardo Thompson da , Oliveira Jeorge Luís Martins de , Ribeiro José André
Published: April 2022

Certamente que o período de pandemia em que estamos vivendo, por causa da Covid-19, provocou mudanças nas relações em todos os setores da sociedade. O ambiente escolar passou do físico para o virtual, com professores despreparados tecnologicamente para um novo modelo de ensino e de comunicação com seus alunos. As escolas, em todas as esferas de governança, mostraram que além da carência em infraestrutura básica, algumas sequer possuíam uma rede de internet capaz de auxiliar professores e alunos. Esse texto traz uma visão de professores de geografia no campus do Instituto Federal da Bahia na cidade de Porto Seguro sob uma visão crítica elaborada por Milton Santos na relação entre território e educação.
Considerações sobre a importância do estágio curricular supervisionado enquanto espaço formativo de saberes e docência na geografia
Authors: Lima Janiara Almeida Pinheiro
Published: April 2022

O presente trabalho denota da participação no I Seminário de Estágio de Licenciatura em Geografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Tem como objetivo principal contribuir com as discussões sobre a importância do estágio curricular supervisionado enquanto espaço formativo de saberes e docência. Desse modo, apresenta a compilação das informações proferidas na palestra de encerramento do seminário, trazendo discussões sobre os saberes docentes, o ser professor de Geografia na Educação Básica, o saber ensinar, bem como apresenta dados sobre a importância do estágio supervisionado nas licenciaturas em Geografia presenciais no Recife, advindos de um breve recorte da pesquisa de dissertação de mestrado recém-apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Geografia, em março de 2021 intitulada “Formação inicial do(a) professor(a) de Geografia nas instituições públicas no Recife: desafios curriculares e da prática docente”. Assim, este texto propõe uma reflexão sobre a importância e a complexidade que envolve o estágio curricular supervisionado que, conforme os dados apresentados, ainda constitui a principal interação do licenciando com o mundo do trabalho.
A aula de geografia: alguns escritos
Authors: Silva Luan Do Carmo da
Published: April 2022

O objetivo central do texto é discorrer acerca de fragilidades e inflexões da formação inicial docente evidenciadas em atividades desenvolvidas pelos licenciandos relacionadas ao processo de planejamento e realização de aulas na esfera das componentes curriculares de Estágio Supervisionado e Práticas de Ensino, do curso de Geografia ofertado pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Brasília (IFB) entre os anos de 2020 e 2021. Todas as discussões estiveram baseadas no rol de expectativas dos licenciandos e apontam para diversas concepções de Geografia, ser docente e processo de ensino-aprendizagem que os estudantes carregam consigo.
Entrelaces entre o estágio e a extensão: vivências do projeto de extensão solos, aprender e conservar do IFPE – campus Recife
Authors: Barbosa Neto Manuella Vieira , Braga Clezia Aquino de
Published: April 2022

O solo é um bem natural de grande importância para a humanidade, no entanto, essa compreensão ainda é incipiente e o ensino-aprendizagem sobre solos na educação básica continua sendo um grande desafio para docentes e discentes. O projeto de extensão Solos, aprender e conservar, do IFPE campus Recife, iniciou sua atuação em 2017, inspirado na implantação de um projeto de intervenção didático-pedagógica de estágio supervisionado, do curso de Licenciatura em Geografia. Este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar as ações desenvolvidas pelo citado projeto de extensão e demonstrar como o campo de estágio e as vivências com o ambiente escolar vêm sendo importantes nessa trajetória. As escolas campo de estágio se tornaram importantes parceiras do projeto desde o início, e os licenciandos puderam contribuir a partir das necessidades que emergiam das suas vivências no campo de estágio. As experiências vividas, ao longo das realizações das oficinas didáticas sobre solos, contribuíram para que a equipe do projeto desenvolvesse saberes, como a elaboração de recursos didáticos mais adequados a cada modalidade de ensino. O projeto de extensão continua sua atuação com a expectativa de contribuir com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem sobre solos em escolas da educação básica, e com a consciência de que, nessa caminhada conjunta do projeto de extensão com as escolas campo de estágio, a troca de saberes é contínua e necessária.
Reflexões sobre a contribuição do professor de geografia além do ensino formal
Authors: De Menezes Júnior Edmário Marques , Costa Brenda Martoni Mansur Corrêa da , Silva Wemerson Flávio da
Published: April 2022

O artigo tem por objetivo buscar reflexões sobre a Geografia como componente curricular na escola básica e o papel do professor de geografia no contexto contemporâneo. A metodologia utilizada parte da pesquisa bibliográfica sob o viés da abordagem qualitativa desde os pressupostos da escola e seus objetivos, a função social do professor em especial o professor de geografia com seus conhecimentos e as trans e multidisciplinaridade da ciência geográfica que se excede aos limites da educação formal. Como resultados/discussões a Geografia Escolar tem papel imprescindível na escola brasileira, por desenvolver o senso crítico-analítico, a atuação responsável no espaço geográfico e o exercício da cidadania. Além disso, foram destacadas diretrizes que contribuem para redimensionar as práticas educativas de modo a superar o tradicionalismo e fragmentação disciplinar e pedagógica. Por conclusão, é constatada a contínua necessidade e um maior investimento para a qualificação da formação na docência geográfica escolar e novas proposições nas salas de aula e na relação professor – aluno que considerem o equilíbrio entre conteúdo, o aprender fazendo, compartilhar o eu ser no mundo e um professor que propõe o refletir e o questionar.
O estágio supervisionado e a extensão como espaço de diálogo entre universidade e escola
Authors: De Menezes Priscylla Karoline
Published: April 2022

Resultado de reflexões geradas a partir de uma ação extensionista, realizada com estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Geografia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, este estudo buscou compreender o papel do currículo no Ensino de Geografia e as alterações ocorridas na formação inicial em função das modificações provocadas pelo ensino remoto emergencial – implantado devido a necessidade do isolamento social. Nesse sentido, retomamos algumas leituras e fragmentos da parte que tratamos da formação e do trabalho docente e buscamos refletir sobre a experiência das discussões e da realização do evento intitulado I Seminário de Estágio de Licenciatura em Geografia da UFPE; que nos permitiu visualizar a importância de construirmos espaços de diálogo dentro das Instituições de Ensino, envolvendo Universidade e Educação Básica, para uma verdadeira intervenção social e no processo de formação de professores.