bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of M-health Application to Figure Out Post-natal Depression, an Evidence-based Study
Authors: Mustafa Nasir
Published: December 2023

Background: Post-natal depression is a clinical condition that may go undiscovered. A common mental health issue and one of the main factors contributing to mother sorrow and poor health is postpartum depression (PPD). The disease is prevalent on a global scale in a range of 10 to 15%. The high-risk phase, the first four to six weeks, is when symptoms typically manifest. However, it could appear up to a year after birth. Traditional depressed symptoms like mood swings, crying fits, losing consideration for a kid, despite suicide thoughts are signs. PPD impacts growth and development but also the mother's health. In the past few years, postpartum depression research has gained momentum. The illness and its effects are still largely unknown to the General public. Furthermore, not many people are aware of the PPD risk factors. There hasn't been much research done on the variations in symptoms and suitable preventive actions between cultures. PPD risk factors include obstetrical and podiatric variables in addition to some that are comparable to those for classic depression. The evolution of a clinical issue needs medical attention, where study-proven results suggested great compassion, efficient and satisfactory precision in outcomes especially prompt accomplish, simple to elucidate, in cultural terms appropriate, and economical. The objective of this study, to generate organizational paradigms for identifying the risk of post-natal depression after a week of child delivery, accordingly permit quick interruption, and also, to create a digital health application for the latest platform such as (Google Health Studies, Mountain View, Medication Management, Point-of-Care Diagnostics) along with the elite implementation for both pregnant mothers and physician that desire to observe their patient’s test.

Methodology: The study was a prospective cohort study. A set of prognostic paragons used for computing the chance of post-natal depression was utilized device acquisition capabilities and record evidence practically PPD mothers gathered from different hospitals. The analysis was implemented through a hold-out technique. A simple scheme diagram and framework for organizing the figure. Idol picture portrait (IPO) of the mobile health application was tracked.

Results: The results showed that the study of Naive Bayes demonstrated the significant equilibrium among specificity and sensitivity through the prognostic paradigm for post-natal depression, after a few days of delivery. It was unified toward the clinical verdict assist method for the Android m-application. Unique strategy can permit the premature prognostic and identification of post-natal depression so long as it satisfies the requirements of a potent screening trial with a great degree of specificity and sensitivity which is rapid to execute, simple to interact with, ethically perceptive, sympathetic, and economical.
The Geohazard as Land Subsidence in Anthropocene, India
Authors: Mishra Siba Prasad
Published: December 2023

Land subsidence events, natural or anthropogenic, will be future national challenges for India. The positioning of the Indian plate in the globe, and human activities on the frustum compel land subsidence everywhere, on mountains, in deltas, riverbeds and in settlements. Many mega deltas of the globe including India are sinking, shrinking, and subsiding which shall invite catastrophes.

The present search uses the available datasets in print media, books, information technology and electronic media. The survey responses sourced from websites were physically ground verified, etc. Considering Bhuban data, Arc GIS software and Microsoft Excel, India's hazard, organic and inorganic maps are prepared to alert our forthcoming ancestors. Using those maps the zonal map of geo-hazards in various states of India can be prepared and future action plans can be shorted out.

Studies reveal that geo-hazards in various zones of India are different. Hazards on mountains are land slide, torrential rain, and land subsidence, whereas the calamities along the coasts, and deltas are cyclones, coastal erosions, floods, and deltaic subsidence. With surging human activities, the frequency and intensity of geo-hazards are swelling presently. It is high time to plan to appease the vulnerability of the rising devastation to attain sustainability of SDG Targets 11.5, and 13 which will moderate the adverse effects of such disasters.
A Nationwide Network of Health AI Assurance Laboratories
Authors: Shah Nigam H. , Halamka John D. , Saria Suchi , Pencina Michael , Tazbaz Troy , Tripathi Micky , Callahan Alison , Hildahl Hailey , Anderson Brian
Published: December 2023

Importance

Given the importance of rigorous development and evaluation standards needed of artificial intelligence (AI) models used in health care, nationwide accepted procedures to provide assurance that the use of AI is fair, appropriate, valid, effective, and safe are urgently needed.

Observations

While there are several efforts to develop standards and best practices to evaluate AI, there is a gap between having such guidance and the application of such guidance to both existing and new AI models being developed. As of now, there is no publicly available, nationwide mechanism that enables objective evaluation and ongoing assessment of the consequences of using health AI models in clinical care settings.

Conclusion and Relevance

The need to create a public-private partnership to support a nationwide health AI assurance labs network is outlined here. In this network, community best practices could be applied for testing health AI models to produce reports on their performance that can be widely shared for managing the lifecycle of AI models over time and across populations and sites where these models are deployed.
Innovation in Development of Dermatologic Drugs Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration Between 2012 and 2022
Authors: Kamat Samir , Ungar Benjamin , Agarwal Aneesh , Wan Joy , Ross Joseph S. , Gupta Ravi
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study characterizes the frequency and degree of innovation of new dermatologic drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 2012 to 2022.
Iodine Intake and Testosterone
Authors: Barbonetti Arcangelo , Castellini Chiara , Di Giulio Francesca , Antolini Federica , Tienforti Daniele , Muselli Mario , Baroni Marco Giorgio
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluates whether urinary iodine concentration is associated with testosterone among men who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
Coal Dust
Authors: Blackley David J. , Halldin Cara N. , Hall Noemi B. , Porter Dale , Cauda Emanuele , Scott Laney A.
Published: December 2023

Coal is an organic, combustible, rock‐like natural substance that occurs in various forms from hard and brittle anthracite to soft and friable lignite. Coal mine dust often contains silica and other minerals found within the coal seam or in the adjacent strata. In the United States and other countries, coal miners are at risk of developing chronic lung diseases caused by cumulative exposure to respirable coal mine dust. These diseases can lead to significant lung function impairment, disability, and premature death. Collectively known as “black lung,” they include a spectrum of interstitial lung diseases including coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), mixed dust pneumoconiosis, and dust‐related diffuse fibrosis as well as chronic airway diseases including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Since the late 1990s, the prevalence of CWP and its most severe form, progressive massive fibrosis, have increased in the United States, most notably in central Appalachia. Factors contributing to this resurgence might include thin‐seam coal mining and/or cutting rock to access coal seams, which likely exposes miners to respirable coal mine dust with a higher content of other hazardous dusts including silica and silicates. Many countries have occupational exposure limits for coal mine dust typically based on assessment of the mass of dust collected during a work shift.
Monohydric Alcohols: C
1
to C
6
Authors: Bevan Christopher
Published: December 2023

This chapter reviews both linear and branched monohydric aliphatic C
1
to C
6
alcohols. The C
7
to C
20
monohydric alcohols are covered in Chapter 74. The low‐molecular‐weight alcohols, including methanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, and isopropanol, are used extensively in industry. These alcohols exist as volatile liquids at ambient temperatures, and exposure can occur in both industrial and nonindustrial environments. The C
1
to C
6
monohydric alcohols are flammable, but not reactive. The health effects in laboratory animals and in humans for the C
1
to C
6
alcohols are reviewed, as well as workplace exposure methods and biomonitoring and/or biomarker information.
Toxicology of Mycotoxins
Authors: Wang Jia‐Sheng , Xue Kathy S. , Tang Lili
Published: December 2023

Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxic fungal metabolites, which are structurally diverse and commonly present in animal feed and human food ingredients. This chapter briefly reviewed the toxicology of naturally occurring mycotoxins with more details on some highly studied mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxins, and deoxynivalenol, because they are of concern to toxicologists in both experimental and regulatory settings. Aflatoxin B
1
is a human carcinogen and its presence constitutes a major economic and health problem worldwide; however, fumonisin B
1
and ochratoxin A are animal carcinogens, and their roles in human cancers are to be studied. Trichothecene toxins, especially deoxynivalenol, are predominant contaminants in grains and their immune toxic effects are well documented. The toxicological impact from these mycotoxins ranges from acute toxicity to immune suppression to cancer in experimental models; however, very few studies to date have examined the potential increased toxicological interactions from combinative exposure with multiple mycotoxins exposure. Future toxicological research should focus on studying adverse effects caused by exposure to complex mycotoxin mixtures and their interactions to impact human health outcomes.
Development of automated region of interest selection algorithms for surface‐guided radiation therapy of breast cancer
Authors: Cui Songye , Li Guang , Kuo Hsiang‐Chi , Zhao Bo , Li Anyi , Cerviño Laura I.
Published: December 2023

To investigate automation of the preparation of the region of interest (ROI) for surface‐guided radiotherapy (SGRT) of the whole breast with two algorithms based on contour anatomies: using the body contour, and using the breast contour. The patient dataset used for modeling consisted of 39 breast cancer patients previously treated with SGRT. The patient's anatomical structures (body and ipsilateral breast) were retrieved from the planning system, and the clinical ROI (cROI) drawn by the planners was retrieved from the SGRT system for comparison. For the body‐contour‐based algorithm, a convolutional neural network (MobileNet‐v2) was utilized to train a synthetic human model dataset to predict body joint locations. With the body joint location knowledge, an automated ROI (aROIbody) can be created based on: (1) the superior‐inferior (S‐I) borders defined by the joint locations, (2) the left‐right (L‐R) borders defined with 3/4 of chest width, and (3) a curation of the ROI to avoid the ipsilateral armpit. For the breast‐contour‐based algorithm, an aROIbreast was created by first defining the ROI in the S‐I direction with the ipsilateral breast boundaries. Other steps are the same as with the body‐contour‐based algorithm. Among the 39 patients, 24 patients were used to fine‐tune the algorithm parameters, and the remaining 15 patients were used to evaluate the quality of the aROIs against the cROIs. A blinded evaluation was performed by three SGRT expert physicists to rate the acceptability and the quality (1–10 scale) of the aROIs and cROIs, and the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was also calculated to compare the similarity between the aROIs and cROIs. The results showed that the average acceptability was 14/15 (range: 13/15–15/15) for cROIs, 13.3/15 (range: 13/15–14/15) for aROIbody, and 14.6/15 (range: 14/15–15/15) for aROIbreast. The average quality was 7.4 ± 0.8 for cROIs, 8.1 ± 1.2 for aROIbody, and 8.2 ± 0.9 for aROIbreast. The DSC with cROIs was 0.81 ± 0.06 for aROIbody, and 0.83 ± 0.04 for aROIbreast. The ROI creation time was ∼120 s for clinical, 1.3 s for aROIbody, and 1.2 s for aROIbreast. The proposed automated algorithms can improve the ROI compliance with the SGRT protocol, with a shortened preparation time. It is ready to be integrated into the clinical workflow for automated ROI preparation.
In vivo detection of poststroke cerebral cell proliferation in rodents and humans
Authors: Chiang Pu‐Tien , Tsai Hsin‐Hsi , Yen Ruoh‐Fang , Tsai Yi‐Chieh , Wu Chi‐Han , Chiu Ching‐Hung , Tsai Li‐Kai
Published: December 2023

Objective

F‐18‐fluorothymidine (FLT) is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for imaging cell proliferation in vivo. We aimed to assess FLT uptake as a marker for cerebral cell proliferation in a rat model of ischemic stroke and patients with cerebral infarct, correlating with disease severity and outcomes.

Methods

Cerebral FLT PET was performed in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and patients with cerebral infarct. PET data were analyzed and expressed as average standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) using cerebellar cortex as reference. Infarct volume was analyzed by 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining in rats and by magnetic resonance imaging in patients. Neurological function was assessed using modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) for rats and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) for patients.

Results

Seven days post‐MCAO, rats' FLT PET displayed higher SUVRs in the infarcted brain, declining gradually until Day 28. FLT‐binding ratio (SUVR in the infarcted brain divided by that in contralateral side) correlated positively with stroke severity (p < 0.001), and to early mNSS decline in rats with mild to moderate stroke severity (p = 0.031). In 13 patients with cerebral infarct, FLT PET showed high SUVR in the infarcted regions. FLT‐binding ratio correlated positively with infarct volume (p = 0.006). Age‐adjusted initial NIHSS (p = 0.035) and early NIHSS decline (p = 0.076) showed significance or a trend toward positive correlation with the FLT‐binding ratio.

Interpretation

In vivo FLT PET detects poststroke cerebral cell proliferation, which is associated with stroke severity and/or outcomes in MCAO rats and patients with cerebral infarct.
NIR‐II Emissive Superoxide Radical Photogenerator for Photothermal/Photodynamic Therapy against Hypoxic Tumor
Authors: Xiao Huichun , Wang Yuran , Chen Jian , Xi Simin , Duan Zeyu , Zhan Qiyu , Tian Ye , Wang Lei , Qu Jinqing , Liu Ruiyuan
Published: December 2023

Due to the “Achilles' heels” of hypoxia, complicated location in solid tumor, small molecular photosensitizers with second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II) fluorescence, type‐I photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) have attracted great attention. However, these photosensitizers are still few but yet challenging. Herein, an “all in one” NIR‐II acceptor–donor–acceptor fused‐ring photosensitizer, Y6‐Th, is presented for the in‐depth diagnosis and efficient treatment of cancer. Benefiting from the strong intramolecular charge transfer, promoted highly efficient intersystem crossing, largely p‐conjugated fused‐ring structure, and reduced planarity, the fabricated nanoparticles (Y6‐Th nanoparticles) can emit NIR‐II fluorescence with the peak located at 1020 nm, exclusively generate O2•− for type‐I PDT, and display excellent PTT performance under an 808 nm laser stimulation. These characteristics make Y6‐Th a distinguished NIR‐wavelength‐triggered phototheranostic agent, which can effectively therapy the hypoxic tumor using NIR‐II‐fluorescence‐guided type‐I PDT/PTT. This work provides a valuable guideline for fabricating high‐performing NIR‐II emissive superoxide radical photogenerators.
Design of a Biohybrid Materials Circuit with Binary Decoder Functionality
Authors: Mohsenin Hasti , Wagner Hanna J. , Rosenblatt Marcus , Kemmer Svenja , Drepper Friedel , Huesgen Pitter , Timmer Jens , Weber Wilfried
Published: December 2023

Synthetic biology applies concepts from electrical engineering and information processing to endow cells with computational functionality. Transferring the underlying molecular components into materials and wiring them according to topologies inspired by electronic circuit boards has yielded materials systems that perform selected computational operations. However, the limited functionality of available building blocks is restricting the implementation of advanced information‐processing circuits into materials. Here, a set of protease‐based biohybrid modules the bioactivity of which can either be induced or inhibited is engineered. Guided by a quantitative mathematical model and following a design‐build‐test‐learn (DBTL) cycle, the modules are wired according to circuit topologies inspired by electronic signal decoders, a fundamental motif in information processing. A 2‐input/4‐output binary decoder for the detection of two small molecules in a material framework that can perform regulated outputs in form of distinct protease activities is designed. The here demonstrated smart material system is strongly modular and can be used for biomolecular information processing for example in advanced biosensing or drug delivery applications.
Observation of a Photonic Orbital Gauge Field
Authors: Chang Yi‐Jun , Sheng Chong , Yang Ying‐Yue , Lu Yong‐Heng , Wang Yao , Wang Hui‐Ming , Gao Mingyuan , Wu Shi‐Bao , Liu Hui , Zhu Shining , Jin Xian‐Min
Published: December 2023

Gauge field is widely studied in natural and artificial materials. With an effective magnetic field for uncharged particles, many intriguing phenomena are observed in several systems like photonic Floquet topological insulator. However, previous researches about the gauge field mostly focus on limited dimensions such as the Dirac spinor in graphene materials. Here, an orbital gauge field based on photonic triangular lattices is first proposed and experimentally observed. Disclination defects with Frank angle Ω created on such lattices breaks the original lattice symmetry and generates purely geometric gauge field operating on orbital basis functions. Interestingly, it is found that bound states near zero energy with the orbital angular momentum (OAM) l = 2 are intensively confined at the disclination as gradually expanding Ω. Moreover, the introduction of a vector potential field breaks the time‐reversal symmetry of the orbital gauge field, experimentally manifested by the chiral transmission of light on helical waveguides. The orbital gauge field further suggests fantastic applications of manipulating the vortex light in photonic integrated devices.
Spontaneous Modulation Doping in Semi‐Crystalline Conjugated Polymers Leads to High Conductivity at Low Doping Concentration
Authors: Dash Aditya , Guchait Shubhradip , Scheunemann Dorothea , Vijayakumar Vishnu , Leclerc Nicolas , Brinkmann Martin , Kemerink Martijn
Published: December 2023

The possibility to control the charge carrier density through doping is one of the defining properties of semiconductors. For organic semiconductors, the doping process is known to come with several problems associated with the dopant compromising the charge carrier mobility by deteriorating the host morphology and/or introducing Coulomb traps. While for inorganic semiconductors these factors can be mitigated through (top‐down) modulation doping, this concept has not been employed in organics. Here, this work shows that properly chosen host/dopant combinations can give rise to spontaneous, bottom‐up modulation doping, in which the dopants preferentially sit in an amorphous phase, while the actual charge transport occurs predominantly in a crystalline phase with an unaltered microstructure, spatially separating dopants and mobile charges. Combining experiments and numerical simulations, this work shows that this leads to exceptionally high conductivities at relatively low dopant concentrations.
Achieving Functional Meta‐Devices by Generalized Meta‐Atom Model for Metasurfaces and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chen Jian , Ding Wei , Shi Yuan‐Cheng , Yao Zhen‐Xu , Wu Rui‐Xin
Published: December 2023

Built by machine‐learning, the surrogate model of metasurfaces reduces the need for a huge number of simulations in the design process, enhancing the efficiency and performance of the designed meta‐devices. However, the surrogate model of metasurfaces is often constructed‐based on specific physical perspectives or experiences, which limits its versatility. In this study, a generalized surrogate meta‐atom model for metasurfaces is introduced. This model can simulate arbitrary meta‐atoms and their corresponding electromagnetic responses at any polarization within the full space of pixelated unit cells. Utilizing a genetic algorithm, the model is employed to design various types of meta‐devices, automatically generating configurations of meta‐atoms with optimal performance for specific application scenarios. Three typical meta‐devices, including the reflective linear‐circular polarization converter, the metasurface‐based absorber, and the asymmetrical transmission meta‐slab, are designed and validated through full‐wave simulations and/or experiments. This work presents an efficient and flexible approach to model arbitrary metasurfaces, opening new possibilities for metasurface design and applications.
Distributed Phase Estimation at the Heisenberg Limit with Classical Light
Authors: Guo Zijian , Sun Peijie , Sun Yifan , Li Qian , Kong Lingjun , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: December 2023

Quantum metrology, such as quantum phase estimation, can surpass classical sensing limits, reaching the Heisenberg‐scaling precision. So far, this kind of metrology has been thought to be only implementable with the quantum systems, which, however, are fragile to environmental noise and hardly contribute to the practical detections. Herein, it is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally that the parameter encoded by the optical phase can also be estimated at the Heisenberg scaling in classical optics. Inspired by the quantum‐entanglement‐enhanced sensing scheme, the estimation is performed by using classically correlated beams as probes, and obtaining the probes readout after their interaction with the target system. Because the correlated beams considered are spatially separable, a distributed phase estimation scheme is given, which can sense the linear combinations of the phase shifts induced by distinct systems. The results of our experiments show an error reduction up to 3.89 dB below the classical limit when the correlated beam number for probing is 6, approaching the Heisenberg limit. Compared with quantum strategies, the proposal shows a better robustness against the environmental disturbance and keeps their performances even when the correlated beam number is relatively large. Hence, it indicates promising practical applications in the future.
Cellulose Nanocrystals are a Renewable and Biocompatible Nanocarrier of Agrochemicals Directly to Plant Cells
Authors: Vinzant Kari , Clouse Delaney E. , Amit Sadat Kamal , Ivanov Ilia N. , Davis Virginia A. , Khodakovskaya Mariya V.
Published: December 2023

More sustainable agricultural practices are critical to meeting humanity's food needs while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. Engineered nanomaterials used as nanocarriers promise to reduce the volume of agrochemicals required for crop production but concerns about nanocontamination of agricultural products necessitate the discovery of naturally occurring alternatives. Here, plant‐derived cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as a “green” alternative to man‐made nanomaterials for the economical delivery of agrochemicals to plants are suggested. Using confocal microscopy and fluorescently labeled CNC, it is demonstrated that CNC can successfully penetrate the plant cell wall and enter cells without causing any negative effects on the overall plant phenotype, genome, and metabolome. The efficiency of CNC to deliver chemicals is demonstrated through in vitro tests involving CNC covalently conjugated with 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D). Plant cell culture experiments confirmed that CNC can be used as a 2,4‐D nanocarrier and reduces the volume of plant growth regulators needed to cultivate plant cells. This work creates a new platform for cyclical agricultural practices where CNC extracted from agricultural waste can be used for the direct delivery of agrochemicals to crops, thereby reducing the environmental burden created by both agricultural waste and excess herbicides.
Accelerating Diabetic Wound Healing by Modulating the Inflammatory Environment Using Quercetin–Rosemary Oil Lipid Nanoemulsions with Artificial Intelligence‐Based Wound Closure Analysis
Authors: Ali Mohammad Sadik , Pebam Monika , Buddhiraju Hima Sree , Dey Sreenath , Bantal Veeresh , Ganapathy Nagarajan , Madhavan Divyadarshini , Rengan Aravind Kumar
Published: December 2023

Diabetic wounds are a significant complication of diabetes that is characterized by delayed wound healing and a high risk of amputation. The overexpression of pro‐inflammatory macrophages (M1) and matrix metallo protease‐9 (MMP‐9) plays a crucial role in the extended inflammatory phase, which is characteristic of these wounds. This study develops multifunctional lipid nanoemulsions known as Quercetin and Rosemary Oil Lipid Nanoemulsions (Q‐RLNEs) that can effectively convert M1 to M2 macrophages, inhibit MMP‐9 and prevent microbial infections, thereby expediting the healing of diabetic wounds. Q‐RLNEs exhibit excellent biocompatibility, cellular uptake, ROS scavenging, macrophage polarization, MMP‐9 inhibition, and potent antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. In vivo experiments further reveal Q‐RLNE's ability to accelerate complete wound healing in diabetic‐induced rats by reducing inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, and facilitating proper collagen deposition and dermal projection regeneration. This study introduces the application of the Segment Anything Model (SAM). SAM combines attention‐fusion and hybrid fusion strategies for accurate segmentation, enabling comprehensive analysis of wound attributes over time and guiding treatment decisions. The SAM analysis results also align with Q‐RLNE in vitro and in vivo. The findings of this study suggest that Q‐RLNE is a promising new therapeutic agent for accelerating diabetic wound healing.
Acidic Osteoid Templates the Plywood Structure of Bone Tissue
Authors: Robin Marc , Djediat Chakib , Bardouil Arnaud , Baccile Niki , Chareyron Camille , Zizak Ivo , Fratzl Peter , Selmane Mohamed , Haye Bernard , Genois Isabelle , Krafft Jean‐Marc , Costentin Guylène , Azaïs Thierry , Artzner Franck , Giraud‐Guille Marie‐Madeleine , Zaslansky Paul , Nassif Nadine
Published: December 2023

Bone is created by osteoblasts that secrete osteoid after which an ordered texture emerges, followed by mineralization. Plywood geometries are a hallmark of many trabecular and cortical bones, yet the origin of this texturing in vivo has never been shown. Nevertheless, extensive in vitro work revealed how plywood textures of fibrils can emerge from acidic molecular cholesteric collagen mesophases. This study demonstrates in sheep, which is the preferred model for skeletal orthopaedic research, that the deeper non‐fibrillar osteoid is organized in a liquid‐crystal cholesteric geometry. This basophilic domain, rich in acidic glycosaminoglycans, exhibits low pH which presumably fosters mesoscale collagen molecule ordering in vivo. The results suggest that the collagen fibril motif of twisted plywood matures slowly through self‐assembly thermodynamically driven processes as proposed by the Bouligand theory of biological analogues of liquid crystals. Understanding the steps of collagen patterning in osteoid‐maturation processes may shed new light on bone pathologies that emerge from collagen physico‐chemical maturation imbalances.
Transformation of Black Phosphorus through Lattice Reconstruction for NIR‐II‐Responsive Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Lie , Jiang Mingyang , Chu Chenchen , Luo Tingting , Hui Yun , Zhou Wenhua , Geng Shengyong , Yu Xue‐Feng
Published: December 2023

The photothermal performance of black phosphorus (BP) in the near infrared (NIR)‐II bio‐window (1000–1500 nm) is low, which limits its biomedical applications. Herein, ultrasmall nickel phosphide quantum dots (Ni2P QDs) are synthesized with BP quantum dots (BPQDs) as the template by topochemical transformation. The size of Ni2P QDs is ≈3.5 nm, similar to that of BPQDs, whereas the absorption and photothermal conversion efficiency of Ni2P QDs at 1064 nm (43.5%) are significantly improved compared with those of BPQDs. To facilitate in vivo applications, an Ni2P QDs‐based liposomal nano‐platform (Ni2P‐DOX@Lipo‐cRGD) is designed by incorporation of Ni2P QDs and doxorubicin (DOX) into liposomal bilayers and the interior, respectively. The encapsulated DOX is responsively released from liposomes upon 1064‐nm laser irradiation owing to the photothermal effect of Ni2P QDs, and the drug release rate and amount are controlled by the light intensity and exposure time. In vivo, experiments show that Ni2P‐DOX@Lipo‐cRGD has excellent tumor target capability and biocompatibility, as well as complete tumor ablation through the combination of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy. The work provides a new paradigm for the NIR‐II transformation of nano‐materials and may shed light on the construction of multifunctional nano‐platforms for cancer treatment.
Estimating the impact of cover crop adoption on ambient nitrogen concentration in the upper Mississippi River drainage
Authors: Hsieh Hsin‐Chieh , Gramig Benjamin M.
Published: December 2023

We examine cover crop (CC) adoption to determine how this soil health practice has influenced agricultural non‐point source pollution. We use remotely sensed data on practice adoption, and control for hydrological flow direction, weather, and land use to estimate the ex post impact of CC on total Nitrogen concentrations in surface water while controlling for pollutant spillovers from upstream. At the mean treatment level in the study area (3.2%), a 1% increase in CC adoption results in a 0.06 mg/L (2%) reduction in concentration in the study area. Results provide novel estimates based on observed data that can be compared to biophysical simulations of CC effectiveness.
Association of impaired cognitive function with balance confidence, static balance, dynamic balance, functional mobility, and risk of falls in older adults with depression
Authors: Khan Zainab , Saif Ashi , Chaudhry Neera , Parveen Adila
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Increased depression severity has been linked to cognitive impairment (CI). Importantly, CI is a known risk factor for impaired balance and falls. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between CI and neuromuscular functions and secondarily it aims to find out if CI is a potential predictor for neuromuscular functions deficits in depressed elderly.

Methods

Eighty‐four depressed elderly participated in the study. Assessment for CI symptoms were done using Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) in subjects having confirmed depression. Neuromuscular functions such as balance confidence, static and dynamic balance, functional mobility, and fall risk were subjectively assessed using Activities‐specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test, and Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), respectively.

Results

Pearson's analysis revealed that there was moderate positive linear‐correlation between MMSE and BBS (R = 0.382,p = <0.001) and between MMSE and ABC (R = 0.229,p = 0.036*). Further, regression analysis (R2) revealed that MMSE significantly predicted the neuromuscular functions using BBS [F(1, 82) = 14.013,p < 0.001, with anR2of 0.146] and ABC [F(1, 82) = 4.545,p= 0.036*, with anR2of 0.053].

Conclusion

Results of this study points to an impaired CI as a possible factor in development of neuromuscular function impairment in depressed elderly.
Investigating the linkages between food insecurity, psychological distress, and poor sleep outcomes among U.S. college students
Authors: Kopels Miriam C. , Shattuck Eric C. , Rocha Jennifer , Roulette Casey J.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Research overwhelmingly demonstrates that sleep is key to human health and wellbeing. Several factors likely contribute to sleep quality, including factors, such as food security and low income. In addition, exposure to structural inequalities early in life likely have downstream effects upon multiple dimensions of health. The objective of this study is to fill gaps in literature by specifically examining the associations between childhood food insecurity, current food insecurity, psychological distress, and sleep among college students.

Methods

QR codes were randomly distributed to students, linking them to an online quantitative survey. The survey measured sociodemographic variables, food security (current and childhood), diet, mental distress, and sleep quality. A total of n = 134 completed the entire survey. Data were analyzed using binary and multiple linear regressions, as well as cross‐tabulations.

Results

The findings revealed that psychological distress was the primary factor influencing sleep health (𝛽 = 1.51, p < .01). Students reporting higher childhood food insecurity were more likely to experience extreme psychological distress (OR = 4.61), food insecurity in college (OR = 8.41), and lack of stable housing (OR = 5.86).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that potential linkages exist between childhood food insecurity, poor sleep, and greater psychological distress. While acknowledging the contribution of other factors, the study highlights the importance of addressing food insecurity in relation to sleep health, considering the significant impact of sleep to overall health and wellbeing.
Response to Comment on “On the Evolution Equations of Nonlinearly Permissible, Coherent Hole Structures Propagating Persistently in Collisionless Plasmas” [Ann. Phys. (Berlin) 2023, 2300102]
Authors: Schamel Hans , Chakrabarti Nikhil
Published: December 2023

Our critical analysis of Hutchinson's work, expressed in our recent article in the Annalen der Physik, which goes beyond mutual misunderstandings and misrepresentations, is also maintained in light of his Comment. The main reason for the limited yield in structural description is the author's adherence to the BGK method and the associated lack of a nonlinear dispersion relation (NDR). Even with an additional asymptotic constraint, as a supposed replacement for the NDR, the author's theory remains inferior to the pseudo‐potential method.
A Systematic Investigation of Proteoforms with N‐Terminal Glycine and Their Dynamics Reveals Its Impacts on Protein Stability
Authors: Xu Senhan , Xu Xing , Wang Zeyu , Wu Ronghu
Published: December 2023

The N‐termini of proteins can regulate their degradation, and the same protein with different N‐termini may have distinct dynamics. Recently, it was found that N‐terminal glycine can serve as a degron recognized by two E3 ligases, but N‐terminal glycine was also reported to stabilize proteins. Here we developed a chemoenzymatic method for selective enrichment of proteoforms with N‐terminal glycine and integrated dual protease cleavage to further improve the enrichment specificity. Over 2000 unique peptides with protein N‐terminal glycine were analyzed from >1000 proteins, and most of them are previously unknown, indicating the effectiveness of the current method to capture low‐abundance proteoforms with N‐terminal glycine. The degradation rates of proteoforms with N‐terminal glycine were quantified along with those of proteins from the whole proteome. Bioinformatic analyses reveal that proteoforms with N‐terminal glycine with the fastest and slowest degradation rates have different functions and localizations. Membrane proteins with N‐terminal glycine and proteins with N‐terminal glycine from the N‐terminal methionine excision degrade more rapidly. Furthermore, the secondary structures, adjacent amino acid residues, and protease specificities for N‐terminal glycine are also vital for protein degradation. The results advance our understanding of the effects of N‐terminal glycine on protein properties and functions.
Binary Atomic Sites Enable a Confined Bidirectional Tandem Electrocatalytic Sulfur Conversion for Low‐Temperature All‐Solid‐State Na−S Batteries
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Wang Mingli , Zhang Hong , Huang Xianglong , Shen Boyuan , Song Bin , Fu Lin , Lu Ke
Published: December 2023

The broader implementation of current all‐solid‐state Na−S batteries is still plagued by high operation temperature and inefficient sulfur utilization. And the uncontrollable sulfur speciation pathway along with the sluggish polysulfide redox kinetics further compromise the theoretical potentials of Na−S chemistry. Herein, we report a confined bidirectional tandem electrocatalysis effect to tune polysulfide electrochemistry in a novel low‐temperature (80 °C) all‐solid‐state Na−S battery that utilizes Na3Zr2Si2PO12 ceramic membrane as a platform. The bifunctional hollow sulfur matrix consisting binary atomically dispersed MnN4 and CoN4 hotspots was fabricated using a sacrificial template process. Upon discharge, CoN4 sites activate sulfur species and catalyze long‐chain to short‐chain polysulfides reduction, while MnN4 centers substantially accelerate the low‐kinetic Na2S4 to Na2S directly conversion, manipulating the uniform deposition of electroactive Na2S and avoiding the formation of irreversible products (e.g., Na2S2). The intrinsic synergy of two catalytic centers benefits the Na2S decomposition and minimizes its activation barrier during battery recharging and then efficiently mitigate the cathodic passivation. As a result, the stable cycling of all‐solid‐state Na−S cell delivers an attractive reversible capacity of 1060 mAh g−1 with a high CE of 98.5 % and a high energy of 1008 Wh kgcathode−1, comparable to the liquid electrolyte cells.
Das Diterpenoide Substratanalogon 19‐nor‐GGPP deckt ausgeprägte Methylgruppeneffekte bei Diterpencyclisierungen auf
Authors: Taizoumbe Kizerbo A. , Goldfuss Bernd , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: December 2023

Das Substratanalogon 19‐nor‐Geranylgeranyldiphosphat (19‐nor‐GGPP) wurde synthetisiert und mit 20 Diterpensynthasen inkubiert, was in allen Fällen zur Bildung von Diterpenoiden führte. Aus diesen Enzymreaktionen wurden insgesamt 23 verschiedene Verbindungen isoliert und strukturell charakterisiert, wenn möglich einschließlich der experimentellen Bestimmung absoluter Konfigurationen durch einen stereoselektiven Deuterierungsansatz. In mehreren Fällen führte die fehlende 19‐Me‐Gruppe im Substratanalogon zur Eröffnung völlig neuer Reaktionswege hin zu Verbindungen mit neuartigen Gerüsten. DFT‐Rechnungen wurden angewendet, um ein tieferes Verständnis dieser beobachteten Methylgruppeneffekte bei der Diterpenbiosynthese zu gewinnen.
Revealing the Dominance of the Dissolution‐Deposition Mechanism in Aqueous Zn−MnO2 Batteries
Authors: Li Yadong , Li Yuhao , Liu Qingshan , Liu Yongshuai , Wang Tiansheng , Cui Mingjin , Ding Yu , Li Hongsen , Yu Guihua
Published: December 2023

Zn−MnO2 batteries have attracted extensive attention for grid‐scale energy storage applications, however, the energy storage chemistry of MnO2 in mild acidic aqueous electrolytes remains elusive and controversial. Using α‐MnO2 as a case study, we developed a methodology by coupling conventional coin batteries with customized beaker batteries to pinpoint the operating mechanism of Zn−MnO2 batteries. This approach visually simulates the operating state of batteries in different scenarios and allows for a comprehensive study of the operating mechanism of aqueous Zn−MnO2 batteries under mild acidic conditions. It is validated that the electrochemical performance can be modulated by controlling the addition of Mn2+ to the electrolyte. The method is utilized to systematically eliminate the possibility of Zn2+ and/or H+ intercalation/de‐intercalation reactions, thereby confirming the dominance of the MnO2/Mn2+ dissolution‐deposition mechanism. By combining a series of phase and spectroscopic characterizations, the compositional, morphological and structural evolution of electrodes and electrolytes during battery cycling is probed, elucidating the intrinsic battery chemistry of MnO2 in mild acid electrolytes. Such a methodology developed can be extended to other energy storage systems, providing a universal approach to accurately identify the reaction mechanism of aqueous aluminum‐ion batteries as well.
Thermal stability and degradation mechanism of C60 fullerene‐based polymers
Authors: Lisa Gabriela , Cleminte Cerasela‐Ionela , Michinobu Tsuyoshi
Published: December 2023

In this paper, the thermal stability and degradation mechanisms of C60 fullerene‐based polymers, obtained by click polymerization between dialkyne‐substituted C60 derivative monomers and 1,3,5‐tris(dodecyloxy)benzene‐based diazide comonomers, were evaluated. The activation energy of the fullerene polymer C60P2 with an ethylene spacer, determined under peak degradation rate conditions, was lower than that of the counter polymer C60P1 with a methylene spacer, suggesting lower thermal stability of C60P2. The combined technique of thermogravimetric analysis—mass spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the thermal decomposition onset of the analyzed samples is accompanied by CC cleavage of the dodecyloxyside chain groups, followed by the decomposition of the 1,2,3‐triazole, dicarboxylate and benzoate moieties. It was found that no thermal decomposition of the fullerene carbon cage occurs up to 670°C. Molecular modeling with Hyperchem software version 7.5 confirmed that C60P1 is more thermally stable than C60P2.
Cobalt/MXene‐derived TiO2 Heterostructure as a Functional Separator Coating to Trap Polysulfide and Accelerate Redox Kinetics for Reliable Lithium‐sulfur Battery
Authors: Chang Zhihua , Liu Wendong , Feng Junan , Lin Zenghui , Shi Chuan , Wang Tianyi , Lei Yaojie , Zhao Xiaoxian , Song Jianjun , Wang Guoxiu
Published: December 2023

Lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries are one of the most potential new energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g−1) and high energy density (2600 Wh kg−1). However, the application of Li−S batteries is currently restricted due to the dissolution of polysulfides in the electrolyte, which leads to the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Here, we present a Co@MXene‐derived TiO2 heterostructure decorated on carbon sheets derived from folic acid (Co@M‐TiO2/C) as a functional separator coating to trap polysulfide and accelerate redox kinetics in Li−S batteries. The interconnected porous structure with good electrical conductivity of the heterostructure boasts rapid ion diffusion and efficient electron transfer within the battery. By attaching Co and MXene‐derived dual‐phased TiO2 to two‐dimensional carbon sheets, heterostructures are formed, ensuring complete exposure of the active sites. These heterostructures exhibit catalytic effects on LiPSs and excellent adsorption capabilities, effectively inhibiting the shuttle effect and accelerating the redox kinetics. Considering these advantages, the Li−S battery with the optimized Co@M‐TiO2/C modified separator demonstrates a high specific capacity of 1481.7 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, superior rate performance of 855.5 mAh g−1 at 2 C, and excellent cycling performance under a high sulfur load of 4.4 mg cm−2.
Si Miao San relieves hyperuricemia by regulating intestinal flora
Authors: Qian Yue , Shen Yan
Published: December 2023

This study seeks to investigate the therapeutic effects of Si Miao San (SMS) on hyperuricemia and its underlying mechanisms, particularly focusing on the role of intestinal flora. The key components of SMS were identified using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To establish a rat model of hyperuricemia, an intraperitoneal injection of potassium oxonate was performed, followed by oral administration of various concentrations of SMS. The study evaluated the status of hyperuricemia, renal pathology, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and intestinal flora. Utilizing HPLC, we identified five active components of SMS. Following SMS intervention, there was a significant reduction in serum levels of uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, accompanied by an increase in urine UA levels in rats with hyperuricemia. Distinct pathological injuries were evident in the renal tissues of hyperuricemic rats, and these were partially alleviated following SMS intervention. Moreover, SMS exhibited a dose‐dependent reduction in XO activity both in the serum and hepatic tissues. Notably, SMS contributed to an enhancement in the diversity of intestinal flora in hyperuricemic rats. The intervention of SMS resulted in a reduction in the abundance of certain bacterial species, including Parabacteroides johnsonii, Corynebacterium urealyticum, and Burkholderiales bacterium. This suggests that SMS may exert anti‐hyperuricemia effects, potentially by modulating the composition of intestinal flora.
Anthemis tricolor Containing Unusual Totarol with Cytotoxic and Acetylcholinesterase‐Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Yücel Yücel Yasemin , Servi Hüseyin , Polatoğlu Kaan , Nalbantsoy Ayşe
Published: December 2023

Anthemis tricolor is an endemic species of Cyprus, and there is very limited information on its chemistry and pharmacological activities. The study aims to identify the in‐vitro cytotoxic and acetylcholinesterase activities of Anthemis tricolor. The compounds responsible for the activities were also identified. Potent extracts of A. tricolor were subjected to preparative isolation and spectral structure determination studies. The chloroform extract contained many components, and due to the small quantity of extract available, enough pure compound(s) cannot be obtained for structure determination studies, though the n‐hexane extract afforded two known compounds, totarol (1) and taraxasterol (2). The structures of the compounds (1 and 2) were determined by 1H and 13C NMR experiments. The pure compounds were also tested for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties. For compound 1, the IC50 value was found to be 87.88 μg/mL. However, no inhibition was seen for 2. Anthemis tricolor was established to be a valuable source of pharmacologically active compounds and requires further studies.
Selenium content, chemical composition and volatile components of essential oil and hydrosol from flowers of Cardamine violifolia
Authors: Wu Muci , Ma Yan , Yin Jinjing , Wang Jingyi , Rao Shen , He Jingren , Zhang Rui , Xiong Yin
Published: December 2023

Cardamine violifolia is a unique selenium hyperaccumulating vegetable in China, but its flowers are commonly wasted in large‐scale cultivation. To better utilize this resource, this study explored the selenium content, chemical composition, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of hydro‐distilling essential oil (EO) and hydrosol from C. violifolia flowers. ICP‐MS results indicated that the EO and hydrosol contained selenium reaching 13.66±2.82 mg/kg and 0.0084±0.0013 mg/kg, respectively. GC‐MS analysis revealed that organic acids, hydrocarbons, and amines were the main components of EO. Additionally, benzyl nitrile, benzaldehyde, benzyl isothiocyanate, benzyl alcohol, megastigmatrienone, and 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol also existed in considerable amounts. The hydrosol extract had fewer components, mainly amines. HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS corresponded to the composition analysis and aromatic compounds were the prevalent VOCs, while HS‐GC‐IMS primarily identified C2‐C10 molecular alcohols, aldehydes, ethers, and sulfur‐containing compounds. This study first described the chemical composition and VOC profiles of EO and hydrosol from selenium hyperaccumulating plant.