bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF BLOOD CULTURE BY CONVENTIONAL METHOD
AND BACTEC USING BLOOD SAMPLES OF ICU PATIENTS and ANTIBIOGRAM
OF ISOLATED PATHOGENS
Authors: Singhal Esha , Goyal Rahul Kumar , Behara R. N.
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in Intensive ICU patients worldwide.Blood
cultures are the 'gold standard' for identifying pathogens causing septicemia and in directing
appropriate antibiotic therapy.The present study was aimed to compare sensitivity of
automated BACTEC 9120 blood culture system and conventional blood culture method in
identifying true pathogenic organism, to compare the time needed for the detection of
microorganisms by conventional method of blood culture and by automated BACTEC 9120
blood culture system and to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of antibiotics for pathogens
isolated.
Material and Methods: Study was done over a period of one year from April 2015 to March
2016. A total of 636 blood samples were collected andsubjected to blood culture by BACTEC
9120 and conventional method. The statistical tests applied were Sensitivity, Specificity,
Positive predictive value, Negative predictive value, T-test and kappa statistics.
Results: Out of 636 blood samples clinically significant isolates were recovered from 85
samples by BACTEC, of which 74 were bacterial pathogens and 11 were candida. In
conventional method out of 80 significant isolates 69 were bacterial and 11 were candida.
Gram positive (majority Staphylococci) were more commonly isolated than Gram negative
(majority Acinetobacter and E.coli). Mean time to detect was 19.47 hours and 3.02 days, by
BACTEC 9120 and conventional method respectively. Vancomycin, Teicoplanin and
Linezolid were found to be the most effective (100%) for gram positive bacteria and for gram
negative bacteria Colistin (70-100%), Polymyxin-B (70-100%) were the most effective.
Conclusion: Sepsis is associated with prolonged hospital stay, increased costs and with a high
mortality. The use of BACTEC BD blood culture system is better for rapid identification of
blood borne pathogens followed by determining actual antimicrobial treatment in the scenario
of multi drug resistance so as to improve patient's outcome.
Preservation of Natural Colorant Extract of Jalawe Fruit Peel (Terminalia bellirica) in Water-Based Solution
Authors: Rahayuningsih Edia , Wijayanto Ayub , Nurfitasari Putri
Published: February 2017

The general objective of this study is to preserve natural colorant extract of jalawe fruit peel in water-based solution during storing. The specific objectives in this research are finding suitable type and amount of antimicrobial compound to prevent biological degradation of the natural colorant jalawe extract, as well as determining the colorant half-life by evaluating its degradation rate. The colorant extract solution was added to a reactor followed by addition of an antimicrobial compound. Samples were taken at certain periods of time and they were then centrifuged to separate the flock from the mixture. The amounts of colorant compound in the solution and microbes in the flock were analyzed using a gravimetric method. The results showed that solutions of formaldehyde in water and chitosan in acetic acid could inhibit the degradation of jalawe extract. The most effective concentrations of formaldehyde and chitosan in the jalawe extract were 0.015 and 0.125%, respectively, with respect to total volume of the extract. The half-life of jalawe extract in a water based solution with the addition of formaldehyde and chitosan was 140 and 180 days respectively, while that without any addition of the antimicrobial compounds was 25 days.
Structure and Dynamics of Zr4+ in Aqueous Solution: An Ab Initio QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Suwardi Suwardi , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Armunanto Ria
Published: February 2017

A QM/MM molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been carried out using three-body corrected pair potential to investigate the structural and dynamical properties of Zr4+ in dilute aqueous solution. Structural data in the form of radial distribution function, coordination number distribution, and angular distribution function were obtained. The results indicate eight water molecules coordinate to zirconium ion and have two angles of O-Zr4+-O, i.e. 72.0° and 140.0° with a Zr4+-O distance of 2.34 Å. According to these results, the hydration structure of Zr4+ ion in water was more or less well-defined square antiprismatic geometry. The dynamical properties have been characterized by the ligand’s mean residence time (MRT) and Zr4+-O stretching frequencies. The inclusion of the three-body correction was important for the description of the hydrated Zr4+ ion, and the results indicated in good agreement with experimental values.
Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan- Alginate for Controlled Release of Isoniazid Drug
Authors: Cahyaningrum Sari Edi , Herdyastuti Nuniek , Qomariah Nur
Published: February 2017

The aim of this research was to synthesize and characterize chitosan-calcium alginate as matrix isoniazid encapsulation to produce controlled release isoniazid drug. The microparticles were evaluated for surface morphology, functional groups, size particles, drug content and swelling index. The drug release kinetic was investigated at gastric and intestinal artificial pH. The results showed that isoniazid-calcium alginate-chitosan has majority particle diameter of 1001-1500 nm. The release mechanism of isoniazid was through combination of erosion and diffusion.
Film as Media of Religious Dialogue: The Reception of Three Indonesian Contemporary Films
Authors: Latifah Latifah
Published: February 2017

The paper examines the audience’s response in consuming of religious representation in three Indonesian contemporary films: Ayat-Ayat Cinta (Verses of Love), 3 Doa 3 Cinta (3 Wishes 3 Loves), and Perempuan Berkalung Sorban (Woman with a Scarf Around her Neck). By examining the audience’s response in media, particularly through electronic delivery, the paper shows that the public dispute of the Islam representation in this film serves as communication media of religious dialogue. The examination of audience’s response on those three films illuminates the various impacts of Islamic film label embedded in their cinematic representation. Islamic film can be a profitable trademark since it gives more reasons to attract audience than entertainment motive does. Representation of religion analogue to religious teaching and practice creates religious film as media for religious dialogue between people, state, the faith communities, and film makers. Keywords:film, representation, religious-dialogue
Late vitamin K deficiency bleeding despite intramuscular prophylaxis at birth - is there a need for additional supplementation?
Authors: Martic Jelena , Pejic Katarina , Veljkovic Dobrila , Rakonjac Zorica , Kuzmanovic Milos , Micic Dragan , Vusurovic Veselin , Kalanj Jasna , Jankovic Borisav
Published: February 2017

Introduction/Objective. Vitamin K deficiency is common in newborn infants and without prophylaxis there is a risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). The most frequent prophylactic approach is an intramuscular (IM) injection of vitamin K1 immediately after birth. Its efficiency to prevent late VKDB has been recently questioned by several reports. Based on our experience, we discuss the need for additional vitamin K1 supplementation after its IM administration at birth. Methods. We present a retrospective review of 12 infants, 11 with confirmed and one with probable late VKDB despite IM prophylaxis at birth, who were treated in the two largest tertiary care pediatric hospitals in Serbia during the last 15 years. Results. All the patients were exclusively breastfed. In 11 patients, daily weight gain was normal or increased, and one patient had failure to gain weight. Six infants were previously healthy, three infants received antibiotics prior to bleeding, and in two diarrhea and cholestasis, respectively, existed previously. An intracranial bleeding was documented in nine infants, four of whom died. Conclusion. Low content of phytomenadione in human milk could occasionally be attributed to late VKDB despite postnatal IM injection of vitamin K1 in otherwise healthy, exclusively breastfed infants. This might be aggravated by transient disturbance of vitamin K turnover due to antibiotic use, acute diarrhea, or transient cholestasis. We suggest that an additional vitamin K1 supplementation after postnatal IM prophylaxis could be justified in exclusively breastfed infants.
‘I haue written here a prayer’: The Making of John Bradford’s Mother’s Prayer
Authors: Horton Louise
Published: February 2017

This article searches for the history of John Bradford’s mother’s prayer by asking how words reported to have been spoken in July 1555 came to be printed nearly thirty years later in Thomas Bentley's The Monument of Matrones. Through renewed analysis of TheMonument’s preface, the article considers the prayer in the context of how Bentley’s anthological practices enabled him to collect sufficient texts to oil the 1600 pages of his seven lamps for wise virgins. Thus, guided by Bentley’s own admission of how he found ‘woorthie paternes’ in ‘excellent and rare works’, the article recovers a previously unrecognised material history for the prayer, and consequently raises complex questions about the formation of authorial identities through the attribution of texts.
Review of The Value of the Novel
Authors: Kruger Katherine
Published: February 2017

A review of Peter Boxall’s The Value of the Novel (2015).
REVIEW: Carving a niche for minority language media studies not so easy
Authors: Smith Philippa
Published: February 2017

Book review of: Social Media and Minority Languages: Convergence and the Creative Industries, edited by Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones and Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed. Bristol, UK: Multilinguial Matters, 2013, 267pp. ISBN 9781847699046Whenever a new field of research emerges a lot of shuffling and sorting of knowledge is required to establish a niche, to define its boundaries, to encourage acknowledgement of the area and to stimulate debate concerning the application of various methodologies and theoretical frameworks. This is the case with Social Media and Minority Languages: Convergence and the Creative Industries. The catalyst for the book’s production, as implied by the title, is the technological advancement of social media, the resulting convergence of media in the digital age, and perhaps most importantly the positive and negative effects these have on minority or minoritised languages. Yet in reviewing its 17 chapters by more than 30 authors, it is clear the overall objective appears to be strongly focused on the reinforcement of Minority Language Media (MLM) as a field of study distinct from mainstream media studies because of its specific concern with ‘how media can be used to help languages’ (p. 255).
Curation challenges and opportunities: Storify as a participatory reporting tool in a journalism school newsroom
Authors: Callaghan Ruth
Published: February 2017

News curation tool Storify is a publication platform for journalism and news now used by diverse mainstream media, (including ABC News, The Times, Al Jazeera and The Washington Post), news wire services (Associated Press and Agence France-Presse), and news generators (the White House, United Nations and World Bank, to name a few) to curate and publish ‘social stories’ online. Within the journalism classroom, Storify is recognised as having value in enabling students to produce news stories based on social content while also challenging them to assess content, consider agendas and develop news consumption and storytelling skills (Mihailidis & Cohen, 2013; Thorsen, 2013; Sacco & Bossio, 2014). Its use raises issues that go to the heart of journalism ethics, including questions over repurposing of material, relationships to sources, use of non-elite or vulnerable voices, source selection and the need to check veracity. This requires educators to revisit the need for skill development in selection and verification of content. This article examines five lessons learned in the use of Storify in a journalism class newsroom as a tool to curate breaking news about the search for Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 and how these lessons have altered teaching practice.
Noted: RSF cheekily climbing the barricades
Authors: Robie David , Cass Philip , Dunlop Mari
Published: February 2017

Reviews of: Saving Independent Journalism: 30 Years Defending Media and Hostile Climate of Environmental Journalists. Paris, France: Reporters Without Borders. No ISBN (Reviewed by David Robie); The United Nations and Freedom of Expression and Information, edited by Tarlach McGonagle and Yvonne Donders. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1107083868 (Reviewed by Philip Cass); Pacific Way: Auckland's Pasifika Community Diaspora Media, by Michael Neilson. Auckland: Pacific Media Centre. ISBN 978-1-927184-35-6 (Reviewed by Mari Dunlop).Thirty years ago, Reporters Sans Frontières began its global campaign for the protection of journalists and against propaganda as a fledgling NGO in the southern French city of Montpellier. Better known in the Anglophone world as Reporters Without Borders, RSF declares in the editorial of this milestone publication that it has been ‘cheekily climbing the barricades, boldly waving freedom’s banner, proclaiming the virtues of journalism, supporting heroes, dispensing safety equipment, funding resistance and applying pressure in the palaces where the laws are written’ (p. 3).
Surgical anatomy of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid and laryngeal surgeries
Authors: Pantha Trideep , Mathur N.N. , Bhandary S.
Published: February 2017

Objective: To determine the anatomic relationship of recurrent laryngeal nerve with inferior thyroid artery, tracheo-oesophageal groove and Berry’s ligament and to determine the thickness and terminal branching pattern of recurrent laryngeal nerve.Material and Methods: Descriptive prospetive study was conducted in the department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck surgery in BPKIHS, Dharan, between July 2008- June 2009 including all patients undergoing thyroidectomy and total laryngectomy during the study period.Result: RLN frequently passed behind the inferior thyroid artery and occupied the tracheo-oesophageal groove in the left side than on the right. The average diameter of the nerve was 1.88 mm and the nerve commonly terminated as a single trunk.Conclusion: The nerves were commonly found deep to the ITA (96.2% on left side and 88% on right). The segment of RLN vulnerable to surgical injury between the crossing point of ITA to its entry in the larynx was found to be 3.13 cm (SD=0.29cm). The average thickness of the nerve was 1.68mm however the thickness increased as the surgery progressed and at the end of surgery. All the RLNs on the left side were found completely within the TOG while some variations were seen on the right side.
Stanley Cavell on the Magic of the Movies
Authors: Shaw Daniel
Published: February 2017

In order to explain Cavell's account of what makes movies so magical, this article will offer a chronological survey of his major writings on film, beginning with the first edition of The World Viewed (1971), where he poses an intriguing theoretical hypothesis about what distinguishes the movies from the other major art forms. The survey will continue by considering the expanded edition of The World Viewed (1979), Pursuits of Happiness: The Hollywood Comedy of Remarriage (1984), and Contesting Tears: The Hollywood Melodrama of the Unknown Woman (1997), and will conclude with an analysis of Cavell's discussion of Emersonian perfectionism in Cities of Words (2005). Throughout, I show how the specific film interpretations he proposes serve as archetypal examples of crucial features of his philosophy. Cavell's general thesis, I take it, is that films can pose particularly satisfying responses to the skepticism we all harbour about our most deeply held values. In a nutshell, the movies are magical because they tell us myths that allow us to see our lives as worth living, helping to restore our faith in the wellsprings of human value: romantic love, individual autonomy, nonconformity, and the search for self-improvement.
Trauma Time: The Queer Temporalities of the Traumatized Mind
Authors: Morrigan Clementine
Published: February 2017

Queer theories of anti-futurity are maddened and cripped by reinserting disability, trauma, and child abuse into analysis of queer time. The queer temporalities of the traumatized mind, including dissociation, amnesia, hypervigilance, and ongoing disorientation in time, are explored. Resisting the imperative of a cure, the queer time traveling of trauma is positioned as a means of queer and mad world-making, and as a commitment to justice.
Nursing Diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility in Elderly People at Primary Health Care
Authors: Araújo Morais Paula Cristina , Freitas Mauricio Tibelle , Pessoa Moreira Rafaella , Gomes Guedes Nirla , Soares Chaves Rouberte Emília , Freires Ferreira Jerry Deyvid , Alves de Lima Paula
Published: February 2017

Objective: to identify the frequency of the nursing diagnosis of Impaired Physical Mobility Impairment and its components in elderly population registered in a Primary Health Care Unit.

Method: cross-sectional study conducted from November 2014 to February 2015, performed with 50 seniors at their homes. A questionnaire on patients's identification, their health conditions and their mobility was used.

Results: the nursing diagnosis in question was identified in 71.4% of the population. The most present related factors were: lack of knowledge about the advantages of physical activity (66.7%), discomfort (76.9%), pain (82.1%), joint stiffness (76+9%) and sedentary lifestyle (82.1%). The defining characteristics were: limited capacity to perform gross motor skills (89.7%) and fine motor skills (56.4%), and engagement in substitution of movements (74.4%).

Conclusion: participants showed difficulties related to physical mobility, evidencing a need for better care from health professionals.

Keywords: Nursing Diagnosis; Elderly; Nursing.
Variable-number tandem repeat markers for Mycobacterium intracellulare genotyping: comparison to the 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Chen Kaisen , Zhang Yangyi , Peng Yiping
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Characterizing Mycobacterium intracellulare responsible for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections may aid in controlling outbreaks. This study aimed to compare 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing and variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) genotyping of M. intracellulare strains isolated from clinical samples, and to characterize VNTR clusters associated with NTM infections or cavity formation. Methodology: Sputum samples were obtained from 77 HIV-negative patients with pulmonary disease between 2009 and 2013. One M. intracellulare strain was isolated from each patient and genotyped using 16S rRNA and eight loci VNTR sequencing. Results: Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping identified seven point mutations at nucleotide positions 101, 178, 190, 252, 382, 443, and 490 in 16S rRNA, and four SNP patterns were identified: type 1 (16 strains), 2 (41 strains), 3 (11 strains), and 4 (1 strain); 5 strains had unique SNP patterns. VNTR genotyping identified VNTR12 as the most discriminating marker (allelic diversity 0.692). VNTR3 was the most homogeneous marker (allelic diversity 0.518), but each locus had high discriminating ability. The 77 strains were clustered according to the unpaired group method using arithmetic averages: cluster 1 (17 strains), 2 (43 strains), 3 (9 strains), and 4 (4 strains); 4strains had unique SNP patterns. Overall, over 90% strains were matched to similar SNP and VNTR groupings. VNTR clusters were associated with NTM infection (p =0.007) and presence of a cavity (p =0.042). Both methods distinguished four subtypes of M. intracellulare, which corresponded. Conclusions: VNTRs may represent an effective, user-friendly, low-cost typing technique.
First case of pneumonia caused by Cupriavidus pauculus in an infant in the Gulf Cooperation Council
Authors: Yahya Raghda , Alyousef Wafaa , Omara Abdelwahab , Alamoudi Suha , Alshami Alanoud , Abdalhamid Baha
Published: February 2017

Cupriavidus pauculus is an emerging organism causing infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. We report a C.pauculus pneumonia case susceptible to cefepime in an infant with end-stage renal failure. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of C. pauculus causing respiratory infections in the Gulf Cooperation Council.
Velocity Feedback Experiments
Authors: Choi Chiu
Published: February 2017

Transient response such as ringing in a control system can be reduced or removed by velocity feedback. It is a useful control technique that should be covered in the relevant engineering laboratory courses. We developed velocity feedback experiments using two different low cost technologies, viz., operational amplifiers and microcontrollers. These experiments can be easily integrated into laboratory courses on feedback control systems or microcontroller applications. The intent of developing these experiments was to illustrate the ringing problem and to offer effective, low cost solutions for removing such problem. In this paper the pedagogical approach for these velocity feedback experiments was described. The advantages and disadvantages of the two different implementation of velocity feedback were discussed also.
The Structure of Problems Surrounding the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Evacuees
Authors: SATO Akihiko
Published: February 2017

Since August 2011, the sociology study group of large-scale evacuation (SSGLE) has been conducting interviews with residents of the town of Tomioka in Fukushima Prefecture who were forced to evacuate from their home town because of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident. While supporting town meetings organized by stakeholders, SSGLE recognized the following issues: (1) The problems that evacuees have faced are complex and very extensive. (2) These issues are not correctly recognized by policy makers and therefore the present policies do not effectively relieve the affected people. (3) The hastiness of decision making on regional restoration plans has contributed to deterioration of the problems of the affected people, and furthermore, (4) the structure of the Japanese administrative system with its limited degree of local autonomy is behind such issues with planning and decision making. In addition to these issues, it is not possible to deny the existence of public opinion to boost the seriousness of these problems because they don’t realize the real situation that both of affected area and evacuees are facing. As these issues are caused by the discrepancies between the premise behind current reconstruction policies and the actual problems that nuclear accident evacuees are facing, the situation might lead to the collapse of the current policy approach and the municipalities themselves. To improve the situation, the following initiatives are required: survival and continuation of the affected communities that solely know and realize the serious problems by the accident, conveying feedback from the communities to the decision-makers by way of local governments, and long-term policies that take account of lived experiences and their changes as time goes on.
In the Wake of the 2004 Great Indian Ocean Tsunami: Internally Displaced Persons and the Natural Disaster Response in the Maldives
Authors: Croshaw Heather R.
Published: February 2017

In the early morning hours on December 26, 2004, a magnitude 9.3 earthquake rocked the Indian Ocean, reaching the Republic of the Maldives approximately three and a half hours later. Thousands of Maldivians were displaced from their homes, with many having to leave their homes permanently. This article examines the response of the Government of the Maldives in the immediate aftermath of the 2004 tsunami and over the longer-term. Also, the article discusses the experiences of the internally displaced persons (IDPs) and the host communities, as well as the return migration of IDPs to permanent homes. Specifically, this article discusses the case study of the island of Kandholhudhoo, whose residents were temporarily relocated to eleven different atolls while Dhuvaafaru - their new home and a different island - was being constructed for permanent housing. The article examines best practices and difficulties with the response to natural disasters, managing IDPs, and the reconstruction process.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Culture and History, Vol. 9, No. 1
Authors: Dou Paige
Published: February 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Culture and History, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2017
Environmental Pollution Effects on Mortality in an Industrial and a Non-industrial Municipality, in Voiotia Prefecture, Greece
Authors: Saranti-Papasaranti Eirini , Riza Elena , Hadjistavrou Konstantinos , Panagiotakos Demosthenes , Linos Athena , Team Oinofita Program Research Team
Published: February 2017

In the Oinofita region, there was strong evidence of air pollution and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI))-contaminated drinking water due to the increased number of industries, in contrast to the closely-located region of Arachova, which served as a control. To examine the health effects of environmental pollution, we performed an ecological study to compare the all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We considered the registered citizens of both study areas during an 11-year period (1999-2009) and we used the direct method of standardization to calculate the age, gender and period standardized rates (ASRs) and the standardized rate ratios (SRRs), using the greater Prefecture of Voiotia as the standard population. Statistically significantly higher rates of all-cause mortality (SRR = 1.22, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.1-1.4), cardiovascular (SRR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.1-1.7) and cerebrovascular diseases (SRR = 2.93, 95% CI 1.8-4.8) were identified for Oinofita compared to Arachova. Furthermore, suggestive results were found for cardiopulmonary diseases among males (SRR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.0-2.4) and leukaemias (SRR = 4.65, 95% CI 0.9-25.3). Elevated SRRs, not statistically significant though, were also observed for respiratory diseases, all cancers and specific cancer sites (lip, oral cavity and pharynx, liver, stomach, pancreas, lung, prostate, colon and kidney and other genitourinary organs among females). Increased mortality rates in the Oinofita region support the hypothesis of adverse health effects association with air pollution and Cr(VI)-contaminated drinking water. Further studies are needed to determine if this association is causal and to establish preventive guidelines and public health recommendations.
Kalila and Dimna as One of the Traditional Antecedents of Modern Classifications of Values
Authors: Aktas Elif , Beldag Adem
Published: February 2017

Kalila and Dimna, which is considered as one of the classic works of the Eastern literature, is a political morality and advice book that is still in effect thanks to the knowledge of wisdom it offers. The aim of this study is to examine this work according to the Western classifications of values (UNESCO, Rokeach, Schwartz, Spranger) since it sheds light on the present age with the wisdom knowledge it holds although it was penned centuries ago. The study was designed as qualitative research and data collection was done with the four value classifications above. During the analysis of the study data, percentage and frequency analyses were used under the content analysis. The results of the study indicate that Kalila and Dimna includes all the values contained in abovementioned classifications originating from the Western civilization.
Translator behaviour and language usage: some constraints on contrastive studies
Authors: Mason Ian
Published: February 2017

This article concerns the phenomenon of junction, a cohesive device for signalling inter-clausal or inter-sentential relations, and its translation. The predominant finding of recent French-English contrastive studies on the topic of junction has been that, whereas there is a trend to junction-less juxtaposition in French, explicit co-ordination is preferred in English. Doubts concerning the universal validity of such a norm constitute the motivation for this study, which aims to consider:(1) the status of translator behaviour as evidence of norms of language behaviour;(2) the status of contrastive linguistics within translation studies.Examples of translations of writings by Albert Camus are then discussed in an attempt to show that translators’ decisions are sensitive to a number of contextual factors including genre, discourse and text type. My conclusions lead me to suggest some limitations on the use of quantitative studies within translation studies, including those based on analysis of machine-readable corpora.
Sustainable Communication Practices in Management Control - Are Body and Mind in Conflict or Convertion?
Authors: Nørreklit Hanne , De Witt Camilla Kølsen
Published: February 2017

For the manager of a firm to gain success, good ideas and management control systems are probably important, but not sufficient, elements. The manager also needs to be able to communicate his/her ideas and plans convincingly to the employees as they have to execute them. In a decentralised organisation, the need for such effective management is of vital importance. The basic assumption made in this paper is that the successfull manager uses convincing rhetoric which is based on his social competence and his ability to communicate. This assumption is examined by analysing the communication and interaction of a successful division manager who controls 45 rather decentralised profit centres, each of which is headed by a general manager. The rhetorical instruments used by the division manager are studied in order to shed light on his management philosophy, which strongly resembles the philosophy involved in Socratic conversations. The rhetorical analysis provides the background for a preliminary conclusion in this respect: practical division control may gain from being visualised.
The company brochure as a genre: Towards a textogram based on Danish and German brewery brochures
Authors: Nielsen Martin
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Clearance Rate May Be a Prognostic Indicator for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Huang Sheng-Chieh , Lin Jen-Kou , Jiang Jeng-Kai , Lin Tzu-Chen , Chen Wei-Shone , Yang Shung-Haur , Wang Huann-Sheng , Lin Chun-Chi , Chang Shih-Ching
Published: February 2017

To figure out the relationship between the tumor marker clearance rate during the treatment period and the disease prognosis. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein that has been widely used as a tumor marker in colorectal cancer for more than 30 years. This study evaluated the role of the CEA clearance rate during treatment and determined its relationship with chemotherapy regimens, increased metastasectomy rate, and overall survival. The medical records of 442 metastatic colorectal cancer patients whose primary tumors were treated with surgery followed by systemic therapy at a single center from 2000 to 2012 were reviewed. The CEA clearance rate was calculated as a change in CEA after 6 courses of therapy divided by the treatment period [(posttherapy CEA – pretherapy CEA)/days between therapy], and classified into 4 groups for further evaluation. The CEA clearance rate during treatment of stage IV colorectal cancer was significantly correlated with different chemotherapy regimens (P < 0.01); pretreatment CEA level (P < 0.01); tumor differentiation (P < 0.01); increased metastasectomy rate (P = .02); and overall survival (P < 0.01). The CEA clearance rate during systemic therapy could evaluate patient treatment responses more precisely than traditionally rising or falling CEA levels, and may predict disease prognosis.
The influence of the Calbuco eruption on the 2015 Antarctic ozone hole in a fully coupled chemistry‐climate model
Authors: Ivy Diane J. , Solomon Susan , Kinnison Doug , Mills Michael J. , Schmidt Anja , Neely Ryan R.
Published: February 2017

Recent research has demonstrated that the concentrations of anthropogenic halocarbons have decreased in response to the worldwide phaseout of ozone depleting substances. Yet in 2015 the Antarctic ozone hole reached a historical record daily average size in October. Model simulations with specified dynamics and temperatures based on a reanalysis suggested that the record size was likely due to the eruption of Calbuco but did not allow for fully coupled dynamical or thermal feedbacks. We present simulations of the impact of the 2015 Calbuco eruption on the stratosphere using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with interactive dynamics and temperatures. Comparisons of the interactive and specified dynamics simulations indicate that chemical ozone depletion due to volcanic aerosols played a key role in establishing the record‐sized ozone hole of October 2015. The analysis of an ensemble of interactive simulations with and without volcanic aerosols suggests that the forced response to the eruption of Calbuco was an increase in the size of the ozone hole by 4.5 × 106 km2.
Rapid response to coastal upwelling in a semienclosed bay
Authors: Gilcoto Miguel , Largier John L. , Barton Eric D. , Piedracoba Silvia , Torres Ricardo , Graña Rocío , Alonso‐Pérez Fernando , Villacieros‐Robineau Nicolás , de la Granda Francisco
Published: February 2017

Bays/estuaries forced by local wind show bidirectional exchange flow. When forced by remote wind, they exhibit unidirectional flow adjustment to coastal sea level. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler observations over 1 year show that the Ria de Vigo (Iberian Upwelling) responds to coastal wind events with bidirectional exchange flow. The duration of the upwelling and downwelling events, estimated from the current variability, was ~3.3 days and ~2.6 days, respectively. Vectorial correlations reveal a rapid response to upwelling/downwelling, in which currents lag local wind by <6 h and remote wind by <14 h, less than the Ekman spinup (17.8 h). This rapidity arises from the ria's narrowness (nonrotational local response), equatorward orientation (additive remote and local wind responses), depth greater than the Ekman depth (penetration of shelf circulation into the interior), and vertical stratification (shear reinforcing shelf circulation). Similar rapid responses are expected in other narrow bays where local and remote winds act together and stratification enhances bidirectional flow.
Effect of the Microstructure of the Functional Layers on the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Huang Fuzhi , Pascoe Alexander R. , Wu Wu‐Qiang , Ku Zhiliang , Peng Yong , Zhong Jie , Caruso Rachel A. , Cheng Yi‐Bing
Published: February 2017

The efficiencies of the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have been rapidly approaching the benchmarks held by the leading thin‐film photovoltaic technologies. Arguably, one of the most important factors leading to this rapid advancement is the ability to manipulate the microstructure of the perovskite layer and the adjacent functional layers within the device. Here, an analysis of the nucleation and growth models relevant to the formation of perovskite films is provided, along with the effect of the perovskite microstructure (grain sizes and voids) on device performance. In addition, the effect of a compact or mesoporous electron‐transport‐layer (ETL) microstructure on the perovskite film formation and the optical/photoelectric properties at the ETL/perovskite interface are overviewed. Insight into the formation of the functional layers within a perovskite solar cell is provided, and potential avenues for further development of the perovskite microstructure are identified.
Emerging Low‐Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics and Ultrafast Photonics
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Guo Qiangbing , Qiu Jianrong
Published: February 2017

Low‐dimensional (LD) materials demonstrate intriguing optical properties, which lead to applications in diverse fields, such as photonics, biomedicine and energy. Due to modulation of electronic structure by the reduced structural dimensionality, LD versions of metal, semiconductor and topological insulators (TIs) at the same time bear distinct nonlinear optical (NLO) properties as compared with their bulk counterparts. Their interaction with short pulse laser excitation exhibits a strong nonlinear character manifested by NLO absorption, giving rise to optical limiting or saturated absorption associated with excited state absorption and Pauli blocking in different materials. In particular, the saturable absorption of these emerging LD materials including two‐dimensional semiconductors as well as colloidal TI nanoparticles has recently been utilized for Q‐switching and mode‐locking ultra‐short pulse generation across the visible, near infrared and middle infrared wavelength regions. Beside the large operation bandwidth, these ultrafast photonics applications are especially benefit from the high recovery rate as well as the facile processibility of these LD materials. The prominent NLO response of these LD materials have also provided new avenues for the development of novel NLO and photonics devices for all‐optical control as well as optical circuits beyond ultrafast lasers.
Dynamic Nanoparticle Assemblies for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Li Fangyuan , Lu Jingxiong , Kong Xueqian , Hyeon Taeghwan , Ling Daishun
Published: February 2017

Designed synthesis and assembly of nanoparticles assisted by their surface ligands can create “smart” materials with programmed responses to external stimuli for biomedical applications. These assemblies can be designed to respond either exogenously (for example, to magnetic field, temperature, ultrasound, light, or electric pulses) or endogenously (to pH, enzymatic activity, or redox gradients) and play an increasingly important role in a diverse range of biomedical applications, such as biosensors, drug delivery, molecular imaging, and novel theranostic systems. In this review, the recent advances and challenges in the development of stimuli‐responsive nanoparticle assemblies are summarized; in particular, the application‐driven design of surface ligands for stimuli‐responsive nanoparticle assemblies that are capable of sensing small changes in the disease microenvironment, which induce the related changes in their physico‐chemical properties, is described. Finally, possible future research directions and problems that have to be addressed are briefly discussed.
Bubble‐Sheet‐Like Interface Design with an Ultrastable Solid Electrolyte Layer for High‐Performance Dual‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qin Panpan , Wang Meng , Li Na , Zhu Haili , Ding Xuan , Tang Yongbing
Published: February 2017

In this work, a bubble‐sheet‐like hollow interface design on Al foil anode to improve the cycling stability and rate performance of aluminum anode based dual‐ion battery is reported, in which, a carbon‐coated hollow aluminum anode is used as both anode materials and current collector. This anode structure can guide the alloying position inside the hollow nanospheres, and also confine the alloy sizes within the hollow nanospheres, resulting in significantly restricted volumetric expansion and ultrastable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). As a result, the battery demonstrates an excellent long‐term cycling stability within 1500 cycles with ≈99% capacity retention at 2 C. Moreover, this cell displays an energy density of 169 Wh kg−1 even at high power density of 2113 W kg−1 (10 C, charge and discharge within 6 min), which is much higher than most of conventional lithium ion batteries. The interfacial engineering strategy shown in this work to stabilize SEI layer and control the alloy forming position could be generalized to promote the research development of metal anodes based battery systems.
A Method to Access Symmetrical Tetrasubstituted Pyridines via Iodine and Ammonium Persulfate Mediated [2+2+1+1]‐Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Liu Weibing , Tan Hua , Chen Cui , Pan Yupeng
Published: February 2017

A novel metal‐free [2+2+1+1]‐cycloaddition method for rapid and productive preparation of symmetrical 2,3,5,6‐tetrasubstituted pyridines has been developed from α‐substituted arones and N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF) using iodine (I2) and ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) as mediators. In this process, both DMF and (NH4)2S2O8 play a dual role for the formation of pyridines. DMF acts as the reaction medium and the C4 source (the methyl group of DMF), while (NH4)2S2O8 serves as the oxidant and nitrogen resource. Notably, this transformation exhibited a broad substrate scope towards a wide variety of different arones to give the corresponding tetrasubstituted pyridines in moderate to excellent yields.

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A Polyaromatic Molecular Clip That Enables the Binding of Planar, Tubular, and Dendritic Compounds
Authors: Jono Keisuke , Suzuki Akira , Akita Munetaka , Albrecht Ken , Yamamoto Kimihisa , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: February 2017

By the covalent linkage of two bent bisanthracene amphiphiles with a biphenyl spacer bearing hydrophilic pendants, we synthesized a new molecular clip with a C‐shaped conformation. The molecular clip provides an acyclic, open cavity surrounded by four anthracene panels in water. In contrast to previous clip‐ and tweezers‐like compounds as well as cage‐shaped compounds, the C‐shaped polyaromatic cavity displays unusual wide‐ranging capturing abilities toward not only planar perylene‐based pigments and cylindrical single‐walled carbon nanotubes but also highly branched macromolecules (carbazole dendrimers).
Biomimetic Total Synthesis of (±)‐Verrubenzospirolactone
Authors: Lam Hiu C. , Pepper Henry P. , Sumby Christopher J. , George Jonathan H.
Published: February 2017

A five‐step total synthesis of (±)‐verrubenzospirolactone has been achieved using a biomimetic, intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction of a 2H‐chromene to form two rings and four stereocenters in the final step. This Diels–Alder reaction occurs spontaneously at 30 °C “on‐water”, and thus suggests that it is likely to be non‐enzymatic in nature. The structure of (±)‐verrubenzospirolactone was also used to inspire a quadruple cascade reaction to generate seven stereocenters, four rings, three C−C bonds, and two C−O bonds in one step.
Internally 2,5‐Thienylene‐Bridged [46]Decaphyrin: (Annuleno)annulene Network Consisting of Möbius Aromatic Thia[28]hexaphyrins and Strong Hückel Aromaticity of its Protonated Form
Authors: Soya Takanori , Mori Hirotaka , Hong Yongseok , Koo Yun Hee , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: February 2017

Internally 1,3‐phenylene‐ and 2,5‐thienylene‐bridged [46]decaphyrins 2 and 3 have been synthesized. While 2 shows modest aromatic character derived from the global 46π‐conjugated circuit, 3 displays larger aromatic character owing to the contribution of an (annuleno)annulene‐type network consisting of two twisted Möbius aromatic thia[28]hexaphyrin segments in addition to the global 46π‐network. Upon protonation, these [46]decaphyrins underwent large structural changes to acquire strong aromaticity. Protonated 3 has been revealed to take on a planar structure composed of fused two triangular thia[28]hexaphyrin segments.
Acetyl‐α‐d‐mannopyranose‐based cationic polymer via RAFT polymerization for lectin and nucleic acid bindings
Authors: Ting S. R. Simon , Min Eun Hee , Lau Benjamin K. F. , Hutvagner Gyorgy
Published: February 2017

Functional cationic polymers carrying mannose moieties were synthesized in a facile manner by employing RAFT polymerization. Initially, a protected carbohydrate based monomer, [2‐(2,3,4,6‐tetra‐O‐acetyl‐α‐d‐mannopyranosyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (AcManEMA)], was prepared by the O‐glycosylation of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Subsequently, a macroRAFT agent of poly[2‐(dimethyl)amino ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) was generated, and a further chain extension polymerization with AcManEMA was carried out in dioxane to form a acetylated mannose cationic diblock copolymer, PDMAEMA‐b‐PAcManEMA. It was attained in high yields and displayed low dispersity (Ð). Acetylated mannose moieties on the polymer were deprotected with sodium methoxide and the amines from the DMAEMA block were protonated to yield a cationic diblock glycopolymer, PDMAEMA‐b‐PManEMA. The cationic property of polymers were characterized by mixing with a negatively charged siRNA duplex and a pDNA, and aggregates of 102 and 233 nm were obtained, respectively. Agarose gel shift assay revealed that the polymers were able to retain the nucleic acids as large polymer complexes. Lectin binding assay proved that the mannose residue on the polymers were only able to bind specifically with ConA. PNA lectin was employed as a control and did not show specific binding. The cationic glycopolymer could be advantageous in targeted nucleic acids delivery in specific cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44947.
Polyimide‐polyurethane/urea block copolymers for highly sensitive humidity sensor with low hysteresis
Authors: Bae Yu‐Mi , Lee Young‐Hee , Kim Han‐Seong , Lee Dong‐Jin , Kim Sung Yeol , Kim Han‐Do
Published: February 2017

Polyimide (PI)‐polyurethane‐urea (PU) block copolymers (PI‐PU75/25, PI‐PU50/50, and PI‐PU25/75) were prepared by reaction between anhydride‐terminated poly(amic acid) prepolymers with various number‐average degree of polymerization
 = 73/49/25) and isocyanate‐terminated urethane‐urea prepolymers with various
(11/21/31) to obtain high performance capacitive humidity sensors. Pure PI and PU were also prepared to compare with PI‐PU copolymers. This study examined the effect of PU content on the water absorption %/water vapor transmission rate, thermal and mechanical properties and sensing properties of PI‐PU block copolymers. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the copolymer decreased markedly with increasing PU content. The sensitivity of sensor increased sharply with increasing PU content from 0 to 25 wt %, and then increased a little. The hysteresis of sensor decreased sharply with increasing PU content up to 50 wt %, and then decreased a little. These results demonstrate the apparent upside of using two copolymers (PI‐PU75/25 and PI‐PU50/50) compared to using pure PI, in terms of sensor performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44973.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) fibrous membranes doped with polyamide 6 for highly efficient separation of a stable oil/water emulsion
Authors: Lv Ruihua , Yin Ming , Zheng Wenzheng , Na Bing , Wang Bin , Liu Hesheng
Published: February 2017

Ideal membranes toward separation of stable oil/water emulsions should have surface hydrophilicity and submicron pores in the separating layer. However, electrospun membranes made from poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) cannot meet these requirements, failing to remove oil droplets from a stable oil/water emulsion. By doping with a certain polyamide 6 solution, surface hydrophilicity, and interconnected pores with submicron size are successfully achieved. As a result, separation of a stable emulsion with an efficiency above 99% is exhibited by the modified PVDF membranes. Moreover, underwater oleophobicity of the modified PVDF membranes imparts them with good antifouling performance. The modified PVDF membranes could have great potentials in practical stable oil/water emulsion separation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44980.