bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of the cefepime-clavulanate ESBL Etest for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in AmpC co-producing bacteria
Authors: Mohanty Srujana , Gaind Rajni , Ranjan Rajeev , Deb Monorama
Published: February 2010

Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) may not always be detected in routine susceptibility tests. This study reports the performance of the cefepime-clavulanate ESBL Etest for the detection of ESBLs in Enterobacteriaceae, including those producing AmpC enzyme. Methodology:  Consecutive non-duplicate isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis isolated from bloodstream infections from January to June 2008 were tested for ESBL by both the standard CLSI double-disk diffusion method using ceftazidime and cefotaxime disks and Etests using ceftazidime/ceftazidime-clavulanate, cefotaxime/cefotaxime-clavulanate and cefepime/cefepime-clavulanate gradients. Isolates were also tested for the presence of transferable AmpC beta-lactamase by AmpC disk test and the efficacies of the different Etests in detecting ESBL production were compared.   Results: A total of 113 bacterial isolates (61 K. pneumoniae, 50 E. coli, and 2 P. mirabilis) were recovered. Respectively, 42 (37.2%) and 55 (48.7%) isolates were positive for ESBL by the ceftazidime-clavulanate and cefotaxime-clavulanate combined disk tests.  The cefepime/cefepime-clavulanate Etest strip detected the maximum number of isolates (70/113, 61.9 %) as ESBL-positive compared to the ceftazidime/ceftazidime-clavulanate and cefotaxime/cefotaxime-clavulanate strips, which detected 57 (50.4%) isolates each as ESBL-positive. All three ESBL Etest strips were equally effective in detecting ESBL in the isolates that were AmpC negative. In the 66 (58.4%) isolates that co-produced AmpC in addition to the ESBL enzymes, cefepime/cefepime-clavulanate Etest strip detected ESBL in an additional 13 (11.4%) isolates as compared to the other ESBL Etest strips. Conclusions: Cefepime-clavulanate ESBL Etest is a suitable substitute to test for ESBL production, especially in organisms producing AmpC beta-lactamases.
Co-infections due to leptospira, dengue and hepatitis E: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Behera Bijayini , Chaudhry Rama , Pandey Anubhav , Mohan Anant , Dar Lalit , Premlatha Martha M , Gupta Ekta , Broor Shobha , Aggarwal Parveen
Published: February 2010

A case of mixed infection due to leptospira, dengue and hepatitis E is reported. Similar clinical presentation and simultaneous transmission of these diseases during rainy season can cause substantial misdiagnosis. Serological tests play a mainstay in diagnosis. Early detection by appropriate serological tests and institution of therapy is crucial and life saving.
Cutting Edge: Priming of CD8 T Cell Immunity to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Requires Cognate TLR3 Expression InVivo
Authors: Davey Gayle M. , Wojtasiak Magdalena , Proietto Anna I. , Carbone Francis R. , Heath William R. , Bedoui Sammy
Published: February 2010

Despite its potential for involvement in viral immunity, little evidence links TLR3 to adaptive antiviral responses. Here we show that TLR3 is required for the generation of CD8 T cell immunity to HSV-1. The magnitude of the gB-specific CD8 T cell response after flank infection by HSV-1 was significantly reduced in mice lacking TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β or TLR3, but not MyD88. Impaired CTL induction was evident in chimeric mice lacking TLR3 in bone marrow (BM)-derived cells. Among the dendritic cell subsets, TLR3 was expressed by CD8α+ dendritic cells, known to be involved in priming HSV-1–specific CD8 T cells. Use of mixed BM chimeras revealed that TLR3 and the MHC class I-restriction element must be expressed by the same BM-derived cell for effective priming. These data imply that a cognate linkage between TLR3 and MHC class I is required for efficient CTL priming to HSV-1.
Kinetics of Chemokine–Glycosaminoglycan Interactions Control Neutrophil Migration into the Airspaces of the Lungs
Authors: Tanino Yoshi , Coombe Deirdre R. , Gill Sean E. , Kett Warren C. , Kajikawa Osamu , Proudfoot Amanda E. I. , Wells Timothy N. C. , Parks William C. , Wight Thomas N. , Martin Thomas R. , Frevert Charles W.
Published: February 2010

Chemokine–glycosaminoglycan (GAG) interactions are thought to result in the formation of tissue-bound chemokine gradients. We hypothesized that the binding of chemokines to GAGs would increase neutrophil migration toward CXC chemokines instilled into lungs of mice. To test this hypothesis we compared neutrophil migration toward recombinant human CXCL8 (rhCXCL8) and two mutant forms of CXCL8, which do not bind to heparin immobilized on a sensor chip. Unexpectedly, when instilled into the lungs of mice the CXCL8 mutants recruited more neutrophils than rhCXCL8. The CXCL8 mutants appeared in plasma at significantly higher concentrations and diffused more rapidly across an extracellular matrix in vitro. A comparison of the murine CXC chemokines, KC and MIP-2, revealed that KC was more effective in recruiting neutrophils into the lungs than MIP-2. KC appeared in plasma at significantly higher concentrations and diffused more rapidly across an extracellular matrix in vitro than MIP-2. In kinetic binding studies, KC, MIP-2, and rhCXCL8 bound heparin differently, with KC associating and dissociating more rapidly from immobilized heparin than the other chemokines. These data suggest that the kinetics of chemokine–GAG interactions contributes to chemokine function in tissues. In the lungs, it appears that chemokines, such as CXCL8 or MIP-2, which associate and disassociate slowly from GAGs, form gradients relatively slowly compared with chemokines that either bind GAGs poorly or interact with rapid kinetics. Thus, different types of chemokine gradients may form during an inflammatory response. This suggests a new model, whereby GAGs control the spatiotemporal formation of chemokine gradients and neutrophil migration in tissue.
Characterization of X‐Chromosome Inactivation Status in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Erwin Jennifer A. , Lee Jeannie T.
Published: February 2010

This unit describes a method of performing fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) of XIST and Cot‐1 RNA in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) to characterize the epigenetic status of X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI). hPSC laboratories commonly practice karyotypic analysis to monitor genetic stability; however, epigenetic stability is often overlooked. Several laboratories have recently shown that markers of XCI can be used as one effective screen to monitor the epigenetic status of hPSCs. Human embryonic stem cells (HESC) fall into three classes of XCI states: upregulating XIST upon differentiation, always expressing XIST in the undifferentiated and differentiated states, and never expressing XIST in the undifferentiated and differentiated states. Failure to express XIST represents an especially concerning state in hESC, as this state does not occur in healthy female cells but is often seen in malignancies. Herein, methods of carrying out XIST RNA and Cot‐1 RNA FISH are described. FISH analysis of XIST RNA, unlike general expression analysis such as RT‐PCR, allows for the classification of XCI on a single‐cell level, enabling a quantitative determination of the degree of epigenetic change across the population. The complementary Cot‐1 analysis measures the extent of repeat element expression throughout the nucleus and therefore enables determination, at a cytological level, of the extent to which the X chromosome is silent. Because the different steps of XCI are some of the first epigenetic changes to take place in differentiating hESC, analysis of the XCI state provides a first indication of an hESC culture's overall health. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 12:1B.6.1‐1B.6.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Paraganglioma Resection Requiring Left Atrial Reconstruction
Authors: Petersen John , Cooper Gary , Drew Peter , Silverstein Burt , Beave Thomas
Published: February 2010

Paragangliomas, also known as extra‐adrenal pheochromocytomas, arise from chromaffin cells within the autonomonic ganglia. Catecholamine secreting paragangliomas have been described in the mediastinum, but rarely invade the heart. This case describes the use of a novel bioabsorbable matrix that was used to replace a tumor invading the posterior left atrium. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduction to the supplement, “Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates”
Authors: Goldenberg David M.
Published: February 2010

This supplement includes 16 representative articles presented at the 12th Conference on Cancer Therapy With Antibodies and Immunconjugates, Parsippany, New Jersey, October 16‐18, 2008, encompassing cancer treatment with unconjugated and isotope‐conjugated antibodies targeting selective cancer biomarkers. Cancer 2010;116(4 suppl):1011–2. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 in human cancer
Authors: Schwartz Jonathan D. , Rowinsky Eric K. , Youssoufian Hagop , Pytowski Bronislaw , Wu Yan
Published: February 2010

The human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 (VEGFR‐1, or Flt‐1) is widely expressed in normal and pathologic tissue and contributes to the pathogenesis of both neoplastic and inflammatory diseases. In human cancer, VEGFR‐1 mediated signaling is responsible for both direct tumor activation and angiogenesis. VEGFR‐1 mediated activation of nonmalignant supporting cells, particularly stromal, dendritic, hematopoietic cells, and macrophages, is also likely important for cancer pathogenesis. VEGFR‐1 is also hypothesized to enable the development of cancer metastases by means of activation and premetastatic localization in distant organs of bone marrow‐derived hematopoietic progenitor cells, which express VEGFR‐1. IMC‐18F1 is a fully human IgG1 antibody that binds to VEGFR‐1 and has been associated with the inhibition of cancer growth in multiple in vitro and human tumor xenograft models. The preliminary results of phase 1 investigations have also indicated a favorable safety profile for IMC‐18F1 at doses that confer antibody concentrations that are associated with relevant antitumor activity in preclinical models. Cancer 2010;116(4 suppl):1027–32. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Improving the efficacy of radioimmunotherapy for non‐Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Palanca‐Wessels M. Corinna A. , Press Oliver W.
Published: February 2010

Approximately 66,000 Americans develop non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) each year. Although the use of unlabeled antibodies such as rituximab has significantly improved survival when combined with standard chemotherapy regimens, approximately two‐thirds of lymphoma patients eventually develop disease recurrence and die of their disease. Novel treatments are urgently needed to cure these patients. One strategy involves the use of radiolabeled immunoconjugates that specifically localize radiation delivery to sites of lymphoma while minimizing toxicity to normal tissues. A growing number of studies support the contention that radiolabeled antibody therapy can improve overall survival of lymphoma patients and lead to durable remissions, with probable cures, in many patients. Various approaches for enhancing the effectiveness of radioimmunoconjugates have been studied, including: use in newly diagnosed lymphoma patients, combination with chemotherapy or other monoclonal antibodies, use with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, multistep pretargeting strategies to further minimize toxicity, and simultaneous targeting of multiple B‐cell antigens. This article summarizes the current knowledge supporting the use of radioimmunotherapy, an underused but effective treatment modality in NHL patients. Cancer 2010;116(4 suppl):1126–33. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Rationale for the application of exposure and response prevention to the treatment of anorexia nervosa
Authors: Steinglass Joanna E. , Sysko Robyn , Glasofer Deborah , Albano Anne Marie , Simpson H. Blair , Walsh B. Timothy
Published: February 2010

Objective:

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life threatening and difficult to treat illness with a high relapse rate. Current treatments are inadequate and new approaches to treatment are needed.

Method:

We review the data on anxiety in AN, the relationship between anxiety disorders and AN, and the use of Exposure and Response Prevention in treatment.

Results:

The overlap between AN and anxiety disorders suggest a model of AN in which baseline anxiety features yield eating related fears, avoidance behaviors, and ritualized safety behaviors that promote the underweight state and the perpetuation of the disorder. We propose an Exposure and Response Prevention treatment to prevent relapse in AN.

Discussion:

Overlap between AN and anxiety disorders suggests that Exposure and Response Prevention may be a new and beneficial approach to preventing relapse in individuals with AN. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Independent component analysis of erroneous and correct responses suggests online response control
Authors: Hoffmann Sven , Falkenstein Michael
Published: February 2010

After errors in reaction tasks, a sharp negative wave emerges in the event‐related potential (ERP), the error (related) negativity (Ne or ERN). However, also after correct trials, an Ne‐like wave is seen, called CRN or Nc, which is much smaller than the Ne. This study tested the hypothesis whether Ne and Nc reflect the same functional process, and whether this process is linked to online response control. For this purpose, independent component analysis (ICA) was utilized with the EEG data of two types of reaction tasks: a flanker task and a mental rotation task. To control for speed‐accuracy effects, speed and accuracy instructions were balanced in a between subjects design. For both tasks ICA and dipole analysis revealed one component (Ne‐IC) explaining most of the variance for the difference between correct and erroneous trials. The Ne‐IC showed virtually the same features as the raw postresponse ERP, being larger for erroneous compared to correct trials and for the flanker than for the rotation task. In addition, it peaked earlier for corrected than for uncorrected errors. The results favor the hypothesis that Ne and Nc reflect the same process, which is modulated by response correctness and type of task. On the basis of the literature and the present results, we assume that this process induces online response control, which is much stronger in error than correct trials and with direct rather than indirect stimulus response mapping. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antibacterial effects of sol‐gel‐derived bioactive glass nanoparticle on aerobic bacteria
Authors: Mortazavi V. , Nahrkhalaji M. Mehdikhani , Fathi M. H. , Mousavi S. B. , Esfahani B. Nasr
Published: February 2010

The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of bioactive glass nanopowders. The 58S, 63S, and 72S compositions were prepared via the sol‐gel technique. Characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Zetasizer, and X‐ray fluorescent were used. The antibacterial activity was studied using Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. Cytotoxicity of the samples was evaluated using mouse fibroblast L929 cell line. The chemical compositions of the prepared samples were as predicted, and the particle size of the samples with an amorphous structure mainly ranged over 20–90 nm. At broth concentrations below 50 mg/mL, they showed no antibacterial activity. The 58S showed the highest antibacterial activity with the minimum bactericidal concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/mL for E. coli plus S. aureus and for P. aeruginosa, respectively. The 63S exhibited bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on E. coli and S. aureus at concentrations of 100 and 50 mg/mL, respectively, at an minimum bactericidal concentrations of 100 mg/mL. However, 72S bioactive glass nanopowder showed no antibacterial effect. They showed no cytotoxicity. It was concluded that bioactive glass nanopowders could be considered as good candidates for the treatment of oral bone defects and root canal disinfection. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Biodegradable poly(α‐hydroxy acid) polymer scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Yu Nicole Y. C. , Schindeler Aaron , Little David G. , Ruys Andrew J.
Published: February 2010

Synthetic graft materials are emerging as a viable alternative to autogenous bone graft and bone allograft for the treatment of critical‐sized bone defects. These materials can be osteoconductive but are rarely intrinsically osteogenic, although this can be greatly enhanced by the application of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). This review will discuss the versatility of biodegradable poly(α‐hydroxy acids) for the delivery of BMPs for bone tissue engineering. Poly(α‐hydroxy acids) have a considerable potential for customization and adaptability via modification of design parameters, including scaffold architecture, composition, and biodegradability. Different fabrication techniques will also be discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2010
Combination of the Metropolis Monte Carlo and Lattice Statics method for geometry optimization of H‐(Al)‐ZSM‐5
Authors: Pongsai Suchaya
Published: February 2010

In this article, the combination of the Metropolis Monte Carlo and Lattice Statics (MMC‐LS) method is applied to perform the geometry optimization of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite system in the presence of cationic species (H+), i.e., H‐(Al)‐ZSM‐5. It has been proved that the MMC‐LS method is very useful to allow H+ ions in (Al)‐ZSM‐5 extra‐framework to approach the global minimum energy sites. The crucial advantage of the combination MMC‐LS method is that, in stead of simulating over thousands random configurations via the only LS method, the only one configuration is needed for the MMC‐LS simulation to achieve the lowest energy configuration. Therefore, the calculation time can be substantially reduced via the performance of the MMC‐LS method with respect to the only LS method. The calculated results obtained from the MMC‐LS and the only LS methods have been comparatively represented in terms of the thermodynamic and structural properties. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 2010
Asian Americans' lay beliefs about depression and professional help seeking
Authors: Wong Y. Joel , Tran Kimberly K. , Kim Seong‐Hyeon , Van Horn Kerne Valerie , Calfa Nicolina Ann
Published: February 2010

Guided by a culturally informed illness representation self‐regulation model (CIRSRM), this study analyzed the relations among 223 Asian Americans' lay beliefs about depression, enculturation to Asian values, and their likelihood of seeking professional help for depression. Participants' lay beliefs were assessed through an analysis of written responses to open‐ended questions about depression. Enculturation as well as beliefs in biological causes, situational causes, and a short duration of depression were significantly related to the likelihood of professional help seeking. In addition, enculturation moderated the association between several lay beliefs and the endorsement of professional help seeking. The findings are discussed in light of how clinicians can incorporate mental illness lay beliefs in their work with Asian Americans. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 66: 317–332, 2010.
Use of chain transfer agent attached to silica particles in preparation of polystyrene‐based stationary phases
Authors: Hwang Dong Guk , Zaidi Shabi Abbas , Cheong Won Jo
Published: February 2010

A new stationary phase has been prepared by attaching a new chain transfer agent on silica particles followed by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Porous silica particles were reacted with 3‐chloropropyltrimethoxysilane followed by sodium diethyl dithiocarbarmate. The silica particles were then allowed to undergo radical polymerization with styrene. The phase had improved ligand morphology to show better separation performance than that of the conventional C18 phase.
Psychometric testing of the breastfeeding self‐efficacy scale‐short form in a sample of Black women in the United States
Authors: McCarter‐Spaulding Deborah E. , Dennis Cindy‐Lee
Published: February 2010

The benefits of breastfeeding increase with duration and exclusivity, but significant racial disparities exist in breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding self‐efficacy, as measured by the Breastfeeding Self‐Efficacy Scale Short‐Form (BSES‐SF), is a significant predictor of breastfeeding outcomes in diverse samples. The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the BSES‐SF in Black women in the US. The psychometric characteristics were consistent with previous studies, including internal consistency, comparison with contrasted groups, and correlation with the construct of breastfeeding network support. Breastfeeding self‐efficacy significantly predicted breastfeeding at 4 and 24 weeks postpartum. The results are consistent with previous research, and they suggest the BSES‐SF could be used to identify women at risk for prematurely discontinuing breastfeeding. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 33:111–119, 2010
Effect of iron nanoparticle geometry on the energetics of carbon interstititals
Authors: Tolvanen Antti , Krasheninnikov Arkady V. , Kuronen Antti , Nordlund Kai
Published: February 2010

Understanding the behavior of carbon interstitial atoms in metal nanoparticles is important for a better control over carbon nanotubes growth. Using analytical‐potential atomistic simulations, we study the energetics of carbon interstitials in FCC and BCC spherical and cylindrical nano‐sized iron particles. An increase in interstitial formation enthalpy (see abstract figure) in small particles gives rise to the reduced solubility of carbon in nanoscale iron. The orientation of interstitial bonds with regard to the nanoparticle surface is shown to have substantial effect on the formation enthalpy. As the radii of the studied systems is reduced below 5 Å the behavior of the interstitial formation energetics become unsystematic. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Machilus thunbergii Sieb et Zucc on UV‐induced photoaging in hairless mice
Authors: Uhm Yoon Kyung , Jung Kyung Hee , Bu Hee‐Jung , Jung Mi Young , Lee Mu‐Hyoung , Lee Sun , Lee Sunjoo , Kim Hye Kyung , Yim Sung‐Vin
Published: February 2010

Chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure induces photoaging and oxidative stress in the skin. We investigated whether Machilus thunbergii Sieb et Zucc (M. thunbergii) could reduce UV‐induced photoaging and oxidative stress in hairless mice. The dorsal skin of hairless mice was treated topically with M. thunbergii for 2 h prior to UV irradiation. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were then measured in skin and/or serum samples. Histological changes in the skin were assessed by hematoxylin‐eosin (HE) staining. In addition, proteomes from the skin of hairless mice in each group were analyzed. The thickness of the dorsal skin and epidermis was significantly decreased by M. thunbergii treatment. We also found that MDA levels decreased after M. thunbergii treatment and the SOD levels were increased by M. thunbergii compared with those in the UV‐only treated group. Proteomic analysis revealed 17 proteins associated with photoaging. These data indicate that M. thunbergii might have antiphotoaging effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparing for an imminent FDA Clinical Investigator inspection
Authors: Winchell T.
Published: February 2010

This article focuses on preparation of a Clinical Investigator site, immediately prior to FDA inspection. This process can be driven by either the Sponsor or the Clinical Investigator site, but ideally it is a combined approach involving both parties, as well as the Contract Research Organization (CRO) if one is used. This ‘last minute’ preparation task can arise at any time whereby there is some prior FDA notice of an impending inspection, which often occurs after a clinical trial has been completed, the marketing application has been submitted, the research site is notified directly and/or the Sponsor is asked for additional information concerning specific sites. The author believes that this is not the time for a Quality Assurance (QA) audit but rather a management and organizational task if intent is to prepare the research site for immediate inspection. Time can most effectively be used assuring that all records are organized, available, and instructing sites on how to effectively manage the inspectional process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hydrological response of heavy clay grassland soils to rainfall in south‐west England using δ2H
Authors: Granger Steven J. , Bol Roland , Meier‐Augenstein Wolfram , Leng Melanie J. , Kemp Helen F. , Heaton Tim H. E. , White Sue M.
Published: February 2010

Stable isotopes of water have been previously used in catchment studies to separate rain‐event water from pre‐event groundwater. However, there are a lack of studies at the smaller scale looking at the separation of event water from pre‐event water. This is particularly relevant for heavy clay soil systems through which the movement of water is uncertain but is thought to be rainwater‐dominated. The data presented here were collected at a rural site in the south‐west of England. The historic rainfall at the site was isotopically varied but similar to the global meteoric water line, with annual weighted means of −37‰ for δ2H and −5.7‰ for δ18O and with no seasonal variation. Drainage was sampled from the inter‐flow (surface runoff + lateral through‐flow) and drain‐flow (55 cm deep mole drains) pathways of two 1 ha lysimeters during two rainfall events, which had δ2H values of −68‰ and −92‰, respectively. The δ2H values of the lysimeter drainage water suggest that there was no contribution of event water during the first, small discharge (Q) event; however, the second larger event did show isotopic variation in δ2H values negatively related to Q indicating that rainwater was contributing to Q. A hydrograph separation indicated that only 49–58% of the inter‐flow and 18–25% of the drain‐flow consisted of event water. This was surprising given that these soil types are considered retentive of soil water. More work is needed on heavy clay soils to understand better the nature of water movement from these systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bayesian network models for environmental flow decision‐making: 1. Latrobe River Australia
Authors: Shenton W. , Hart B. T. , Chan T.
Published: February 2010

Current methods underpinning environmental flow (eFlow) decisions often lack transparency, do not adequately consider uncertainties and rarely include adaptive management principles. We report the development and application of an eFlow Bayesian Network (BN) model that links four flow components with an ecological model to predict the spawning and recruitment of two important native fish species, the Australian Grayling and River Blackfish, in the highly regulated and flow‐stressed lower Latrobe River in Victoria, Australia. Autumn high flows, in conjunction with low stream temperature, are critical for Grayling spawning. The BN model was used to predict the probability of spawning and recruitment of these two native fish species for four flow scenarios. Quantitative data, flow simulation models and expert judgement were used to parameterize the BN model. The model results showed clearly that currently, and into the future, there is a very low likelihood of spawning and recruitment of Australian Grayling in the lower Latrobe. River Blackfish are minimally affected by the predicted reductions in flow and increased stream temperatures. Management scenarios aimed at modifying flows and stream temperatures to increase the likelihood of successful spawning and recruitment of Australian Grayling were assessed. Self‐sustaining populations of Australian Grayling could conceivably be achieved in the upper reaches of this river if fish passage was provided through an on‐stream reservoir. A major benefit in building and applying an eFlow BN model is that it can facilitate meaningful analysis and discussion of the ecological effects of particular eFlow regimes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk‐based multiobjective resource allocation in hierarchical systems with multiple decisionmakers. Part I: Theory and methodology
Authors: Yan Zhenyu , Haimes Yacov Y.
Published: February 2010

This paper sets forth a resource allocation process for mitigating the risks that natural disasters, accidents, or willful attacks pose to large‐scale hierarchical systems. Such systems are typically comprised of plural decisionmakers at each organizational level, each with multiple risk management objectives. In this paper, we propose a Multiobjective Multi‐Decisionmaker Resource Allocation (MOMDRA) framework to model this process; we also offer a discussion of risk modeling methods under the MOMDRA framework. Furthermore, using a Hierarchical Multiobjective (HMO) approach, this paper derives strategies for generating Pareto optimal resource allocation options for different cases of decisionmakers. An illustrative example demonstrates the effectiveness of the MOMDRA framework in risk‐based modeling and decisionmaking within large‐scale hierarchical systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 14: 1–16, 2011
Effect of Amnion‐Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution on Healing of Experimental Partial‐Thickness Burns
Authors: Payne Wyatt G. , Wachtel Thomas L. , Smith Charlotte A. , Uberti M. Georgina , Ko Francis , Robson Martin C.
Published: February 2010

Background

Amnion‐derived multipotent progenitor (AMP) cells, unlike most stem cells, have been demonstrated to be nontumorigenic and nonimmunogenic. Amnion‐derived cellular cytokine solution (ACCS), a secreted product of AMP cells, is a cocktail of cytokines existing at physiological levels and has been used to accelerate epithelialization of experimental partial‐thickness burns.

Methods

Using modifications of Zawacki’s guinea pig partial‐thickness scald burn model, a total of 65 animals were treated with ACCS, ACCS + AMP cells, unconditioned medium (UCM) + AMP cells, or either UCM alone or saline as controls. Dosage times ranged from every other day to once a week. Percent epithelialization was serially determined from acetate wound tracings. Histology was performed on wound biopsies.

Results

ACCS, UCM + AMP cells, and ACCS + AMP cells improved epithelialization compared with the two control groups (P < 0.05). When ACCS was delivered more frequently, statistically significant more rapid epithelialization occurred (P < 0.05). By day 7, all groups treated with ACCS had reached at least 90% epithelialization, whereas control groups were only 20–40% epithelialized (P < 0.05). Histology showed excellent regeneration of the epidermis with rete ridge formation. Hair growth occurred in ACCS‐treated animals but not in the control group.

Conclusions

Amnion‐derived cellular cytokine solution accelerates the healing of experimental partial‐thickness burns. Based on these findings, a multicenter clinical trial is underway.
A novel mutation in LMBRD1 causes the cblF defect of vitamin B12 metabolism in a Turkish patient
Authors: Gailus Susann , Suormala Terttu , Malerczyk‐Aktas Ayse Gül , Toliat Mohammad R. , Wittkampf Tanja , Stucki Martin , Nürnberg Peter , Fowler Brian , Hennermann Julia B. , Rutsch Frank
Published: February 2010

In the cblF defect of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) metabolism, cobalamin is trapped in lysosomes. Consequently, cobalamin coenzyme synthesis is blocked, and cofactors for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) mutase are deficient. We recently identified LMBRD1 as the causative gene located on chromosome 6q13 and showed that 18 out of 24 alleles in unrelated patients carried the deletion c.1056delG (p.L352fsX18) (Rutsch et al. (Nat Genet 41:234–239, 2009). LMBRD1 encodes the lysosomal membrane protein LMBD1, which presumably facilitates lysosomal cobalamin export. Our patient is the second child of consanguineous Turkish parents. He presented on the second day of life with cerebral seizures due to intraventricular hemorrhage. Plasma homocysteine and urinary methylmalonic acid levels were elevated, and serum cobalamin level was decreased. Synthesis of both cobalamin coenzymes was deficient in cultured skin fibroblasts. The cblF defect was confirmed by somatic complementation analysis. Sequencing of LMBRD1 revealed the novel deletion c.1405delG (p.D469fsX38) on both alleles. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed reduced messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in patient fibroblasts compared with controls. Transfection of patient fibroblasts with the LMBD1 wild‐type complement DNA (cDNA) rescued coenzyme synthesis and function, confirming this new deletion as an additional cause of the cblF defect. This case adds to the spectrum of clinical presentations and mutations of this rare disorder of lysosomal transport.
Efficacy of plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate concentration as a marker for diabetes mellitus in acutely sick cats
Authors: Zeugswetter Florian , Handl Stephanie , Iben Christine , Schwendenwein Ilse
Published: February 2010

Urine ketone measurement is routinely performed in cats with diabetes mellitus to identify impending or established ketoacidosis. Studies using the urinary ketone dipstick test have shown that ketonuria is common in cats with newly diagnosed untreated diabetes mellitus. This test has a low sensitivity as it quantifies the less abundant ketone acetoacetate. The objective of the present study was to determine if ketonaemia is an inherent biochemical finding in untreated feline diabetes mellitus by measuring plasma ß-hydroxybutyrate (ß-OHB) in acutely sick cats. In 122 sick cats (37 diabetic and 85 non-diabetic cats) plasma ß-OHB, glucose, fructosamine, total protein and thyroxine were measured as part of the routine work up. Diabetic cats had significantly elevated ß-OHB values and ß-OHB measurement was a sensitive and specific test to identify diabetes mellitus. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.93. The cut off value with the highest positive likelihood ratio was 0.58 mmol/l. These results suggest that determination of plasma ß-OHB concentration is a useful method to distinguish between diabetic and non-diabetic sick cats.
Does relationship learning lead to relationship value? A cross‐national supply chain investigation
Authors: Cheung Mee‐Shew , Myers Matthew B. , Mentzer John T.
Published: February 2010

In global business‐to‐business markets, shared resources between buyers and suppliers often result in competitive advantages and enhanced relationships between firms. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of research regarding learning capabilities between business partners in a cross‐border setting. This study takes the approach to integrate customer value literature into interorganizational learning theory and adopts the often‐neglected theoretical perspective of transaction value by contextualizing inter‐firm collaboration in terms of relationship learning and value co‐creation viewed by both the buyers and sellers in one single study. Through the development of a conceptual framework that examines how global environmental and inter‐organizational conditions influence learning capabilities, the study investigates how relationship learning influences relationship value for both supplying and buying firms. Using a survey of 126 cross‐border dyads in the industrial chemical, packaging, consumer durable, and apparel industries, the authors show how relationship learning is valued by both buyers and suppliers, and how it is critical when viewing the “supplier as a customer.” The results indicate the strategic nature of relationship learning in maintaining cross‐border business‐to‐business relationships. Simultaneously, the findings provide evidence that cultural distance is not a significant influence on the firm's propensity to share knowledge with its global partners. It helps advance our understanding of the significance of cultural‐pollination in the era of globalization.
Late Pleistocene to early Holocene lake level and paleoclimate insights from Stansbury Island, Bonneville basin, Utah
Authors: Patrickson Shela J. , Sack Dorothy , Brunelle Andrea R. , Moser Katrina A.
Published: February 2010

This paper reports on recent multiproxy research conducted to determine the chronology of lake-level fluctuations recorded in sediments from a natural exposure at a classic Bonneville basin site. Grain size, carbonate percentage, magnetic susceptibility, amount of charcoal, and diatom community composition data were collected from the 16 lacustrine units that compose the 122 cm stratigraphic column in Stansbury Gulch. Trends observed in the measured proxies reveal several significant changes in lake level, and thereby effective moisture, over the approximately 14,500 yr time span represented by the sediments. Results (1) verify the effectiveness of the multiproxy approach in Bonneville basin studies, which has been underutilized in this region, (2) reaffirm the double nature of Lake Bonneville's Stansbury oscillation, (3) suggest a previously undocumented post-Gilbert highstand of Great Salt Lake, and (4) identify possible teleconnections between climate events in the Bonneville basin and events in the North Atlantic at about 20,500 and 7500 14C yr BP.
Science and Religion in the 19th Century
Authors: Cosslett
Published: February 2010

Cambridge English Prose Texts consists of volumes devoted to substantial selections from non-fictional English prose of the late sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. The series provides students, primarily though not exclusively those of English literature, with the opportunity of reading significant prose writers who, for a variety of reasons (not least their generally being unavailable in suitable editions) are rarely studied, but whose influence on their times was very considerable. This volume contains selections from nineteenth-century writers involved in the debate about the relation of science and religion. It centres on the Darwinian controversy, with extracts from The Origin Of Species and The Descent of Man, and from opponents and supporters of Darwin. This controversy is placed in the wider context of the earlier debates on geology and evolution; the relation of science to Natural Theology; the effect of Biblical Criticism on the interpretation of Genesis; and the professionalisation of science by aggressively agnostic scientists.
Atomic Transport in Solids
Authors: Allnatt A. R. , Lidiard A. B.
Published: February 2010

This book provides the fundamental statistical theory of atomic transport in crystalline solids, that is the means by which processes occurring at the atomic level are related to macroscopic transport coefficients and other observable quantities. The cornerstones of the authors' treatment are (i) the physical concepts of lattice defects, (ii) the phenomenological description provided by non-equilibrium thermodynamics and (iii) the various methods of statistical mechanics used to link these (kinetic theory, random-walk theory, linear response theory etc.). The book is primarily concerned with transport in the body of crystal lattices and not with transport on surfaces, within grain boundaries or along dislocations, although much of the theory here presented can be applied to these low-dimensional structures when they are atomically well ordered and regular.
The Logarithmic Integral
Authors: Koosis Paul
Published: February 2010

The theme of this work, the logarithmic integral, lies athwart much of twentieth-century analysis. It is a thread connecting many apparently separate parts of the subject, and so is a natural point at which to begin a serious study of real and complex analysis. Professor Koosis' aim is to show how, from simple ideas, one can build up an investigation which explains and clarifies many different, seemingly unrelated problems; to show, in effect, how mathematics grows. The presentation is straightforward, so that by following the theme, Professor Koosis has produced a work that can be read as a whole. He has brought together here many results, some unpublished, some new, and some available only in inaccessible journals.
A Unifying Framework for Structured Analysis and Design Models
Authors: Tse T. H.
Published: February 2010

Structured methodologies are a popular and powerful tool in information systems development. Many different ones exist, each employing a number of models and so a specification must be converted from one form to another during the development process. To solve this problem, Dr Tse proposes in this 1991 book a unifying framework behind popular structured models. He approaches the problem from the viewpoints of algebra and category theory. He not only develops the frameworks but also illustrates their practical and theoretical usefulness. Thus this book will provide insight for software engineers into how methodologies can be formalised and will open up a range of applications and problems for theoretical computer scientists.
Hollywood and Anti-Semitism
Authors: Carr Steven Alan
Published: February 2010

This book examines the role of American Jews in the entertainment industry, from the turn of the century to the outbreak of World War II. Eastern European Jewish immigrants are often credited with building a film industry during the first decade of the twentieth century that they dominated by the 1920s. In this study, Steven Carr reconceptualizes Jewish involvement in Hollywood by examining prevalent attitudes towards Jews among American audiences. Analogous to the Jewish Question of the nineteenth century, which was concerned with the full participation of Jews within public life, the Hollywood Question of the 1920s, 30s, and 40s addressed the Jewish population within mass media. This study reveals the powerful set of assumptions concerning ethnicity and media influence as related to the role of the Jew in the motion picture industry.
Gender and Politeness
Authors: Mills Sara
Published: February 2010

Gender and Politeness challenges the notion that women are necessarily always more polite than men as much of the language and gender literature claims. Sara Mills discusses the complex relations between gender and politeness and argues that although there are circumstances when women speakers, drawing on stereotypes of femininity to guide their behaviour, will appear to be acting in a more polite way than men, there are many circumstances where women will act just as impolitely as men. The book aims to show that politeness and impoliteness are in essence judgements about another's interventions in an interaction and about that person as whole, and are not simple classifications of particular types of speech. Drawing on the notion of community of practice Mills examines the way that speakers negotiate with what they perceive to be gendered stereotypes circulating within their particular group.
Indelible Shadows
Authors: Insdorf Annette , Wiesel Elie
Published: February 2010

Indelible Shadows investigates questions raised by films about the Holocaust. How does one make a movie that is both morally just and marketable? Annette Insdorf provides sensitive readings of individual films and analyzes theoretical issues such as the 'truth claims' of the cinematic medium. The third edition of Indelible Shadows includes five additional chapters that cover recent trends, as well as rediscoveries of motion pictures made during and just after World War II. It addresses the treatment of rescuers, as in 'Schindler's List'; the controversial use of humor, as in 'Life is Beautiful'; the distorted image of survivors, and the growing genre of documentaries that return to the scene of the crime or rescue. The annotated filmography offers capsule summaries and information about another hundred Holocaust films from around the world, making this edition an extremely comprehensive discussion of films about the Holocaust, and an invaluable resource for film programmers and educators.
Introduction to Foliations and Lie Groupoids
Authors: Moerdijk I. , Mrcun J.
Published: February 2010

This book gives a quick introduction to the theory of foliations, Lie groupoids and Lie algebroids. An important feature is the emphasis on the interplay between these concepts: Lie groupoids form an indispensable tool to study the transverse structure of foliations as well as their noncommutative geometry, while the theory of foliations has immediate applications to the Lie theory of groupoids and their infinitesimal algebroids. The book starts with a detailed presentation of the main classical theorems in the theory of foliations then proceeds to Molino's theory, Lie groupoids, constructing the holonomy groupoid of a foliation and finally Lie algebroids. Among other things, the authors discuss to what extent Lie's theory for Lie groups and Lie algebras holds in the more general context of groupoids and algebroids. Based on the authors' extensive teaching experience, this book contains numerous examples and exercises making it ideal for graduate students and their instructors.
Humanitarian Occupation
Authors: Fox Gregory H .
Published: February 2010

This book analyzes a new phenomenon in international law: international organizations assuming the powers of a national government in order to reform political institutions. After reviewing the history of internationalized territories, this book asks two questions about these 'humanitarian occupations'. First, why did they occur? The book argues that the missions were part of a larger trend in international law to maintain existing states and their populations. The only way this could occur in these territories, which had all seen violent internal conflict, was for international administrators to take charge. Second, what is the legal justification for the missions? The book examines each of the existing justifications and finds them wanting. A new foundation is needed, one that takes account of the missions' authorisation by the UN Security Council and their pursuit of goals widely supported in the international community.
Old French
Authors: Einhorn E.
Published: February 2010

A concise but unusually comprehensive handbook for the students of Old French. Based on Dr Einhorn's very successful introductory lecture course for undergraduates, this book describes the phonology, morphology and syntax of standard Old French, paying attention also to the main dialect forms. There are numerous examples in the text; the book also gives representative passages of some length, and a glossary. Students taking university courses and scholars teaching themselves should find in this book an ideal combination of features in a handy format.
The Student's Writing Guide for the Arts and Social Sciences
Authors: Taylor Gordon
Published: February 2010

This book is designed to help students with the problems they face in their academic writing. Beginning with the premise that successful writing in the arts and social sciences goes hand in hand with understanding the subject-matter and finding out what to do with it, the book deals with the tasks that confront students as they think about a problem and explore possible answers. Using concrete examples from a variety of disciplines, the author demonstrates an interesting approach to different sorts of task: reading, taking notes, interpreting and analysing. He moves on to show how the parts of an academic essay are developed and structured, and how to make effective use of language as an academic medium. This is a book that students will want to read through and refer back to. The practical knowledge required in writing a good academic essay is never underestimated, but Gordon Taylor's advice is always very clearly presented and very much to the point. At the same time it is refreshingly thorough, and the detailed illustrations he provides come from long experience in teaching students the art of writing.