bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pride Parades and/or Prayer Processions: Contested Public Space in Serbia #Belgrade Pride 2014
Authors: Igrutinović Danica , Sremac Srdjan , van den Berg Mariecke
Published: November 2015

In post-Yugoslav countries, national identity seems to be increasingly defined by the formulation of a traditional discourse on sexuality and gender, culminating in a growing interference of religious institutions with national debates and policies onlgbt-rights. In this paper we aim to gain more insight into the discursive effects of such sexual nationalist discourse by exploring responses of the Serbian Orthodox Church to the 2014 Belgrade Pride parade. Drawing from theories on religious and sexual nationalism and queer geography, we will argue that while the Serbian Orthodox discourse on homosexuality is becoming more secular, this secularization of public speech is compensated by a strategy of reclaiming the streets of Belgrade through politically charged public religious ritual. As the church is in this way making its anti-lgbtattitude physical and visible, Serbian citizens are increasingly requested to agree to Church teachings on sexuality and gender as a prerequisite for religious participation, resulting in an increasing divide between those “within” and “without” the community of Orthodox Serbs.
Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea: Survey for 2014
Authors: Churchill Robin
Published: November 2015

This is the latest in a series of annual surveys reviewing dispute settlement in the law of the sea, both under the un Convention on the Law of the Sea and outside the framework of the Convention. The main development during 2014 was the delivery of four judgments—two by the International Court of Justice (one concerning maritime boundary delimitation between Peru and Chile, the other the Whaling case between Australia and Japan); one by the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, concerning the arrest and detention of a Panamanian vessel by Guinea-Bissau; and one by an Annex vii arbitral tribunal, concerning delimitation of the maritime boundary between Bangladesh and India. In addition, the dispute between Denmark (in respect of the Faroe Islands) and the European Union over the management of a shared stock of Atlanto-Scandian herring was settled; and judicial proceedings in three new cases (all concerning maritime boundary delimitation) were initiated. These and other developments are reviewed in detail.
The imo Polar Code: The Emerging Rules of Arctic Shipping Governance
Authors: Bai Jiayu
Published: November 2015

In the context of the melting icecap and the growing shipping activity in the Arctic, the International Maritime Organization (imo) spent several years preparing polar navigation rules aimed at providing appropriate safety and environmental protection standards. The rules underwent several transformations before emerging as the binding International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code). The Polar Code is expected to enter into force on 1 January 2017. This paper examines the formation and development of the Polar Code and its principles and provisions, expounds upon the unique characteristics of the Code, and discusses expected future practices.
After Whaling in the Antarctic: Amending Article viii to Fix a Broken Treaty Regime
Authors: Telesetsky Anastasia , Lee Seokwoo
Published: November 2015

Since the global decline in commercial whaling, the International Whaling Commission (iwc) has been at the centre of a long-standing debate between pro-whaling industry States and whale preservation States that threatens the collapse of the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (icrw) as a treaty regime. This article describes the ongoing treaty regime disagreement that led to the International Court of Justice (icj) Whaling in the Antarctic case and suggests that the icj’s decision highlights further weaknesses in the existing icrw treaty regime. The fissures in the treaty regime have become even more apparent with the iwc Scientific Committee’s request for more data from the Japanese government on the Proposed Research Plan for New Scientific Whale Research Program in the Antarctic Ocean (newrep-a) and Japan’s diplomatic threat to unilaterally resume whaling. The article concludes with a suggestion that States amend Article viii in order to strengthen the existing icrw framework.
Ecological Governance for Offshore Wind Energy in United Kingdom Waters: Has an Effective Legal Framework Been Established for Preventing Ecologically Harmful Development?
Authors: Woolley Olivia
Published: November 2015

The article assesses the United Kingdom’s (uk) legal framework for offshore wind development in light of policy statements of uk Governments that exploitation of this resource should not compromise marine ecosystem functionality. The first part examines the reliance placed on strategic environmental assessment and on permitting for projects to identify and address impacts. It finds that inadequate use has been made of these potentially effective legal tools for preventing ecologically damaging development. The second part considers whether legal requirements for marine spatial planning (Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009) and for improving the condition of Europe’s marine ecosystems (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) bolster the strength of the legal framework for controlling sea uses. It finds encouragement in their holistic approach to regulating the impacts of marine activities, but concludes that they fall short of what would be required to prevent the expansion of the offshore wind sector from causing ecological harm.
Irregular Migrants: Can Humane Treatment be Balanced against Efficient Removal?
Authors: Peers Steve
Published: November 2015

The controversial Returns Directive has now been the subject of considerable jurisprudence of the cjeu, addressing many important issues of interpretation. This paper assesses whether the cjeu has been successful in its apparent attempts to balance humanitarian concerns with the eu legislator’s apparent objective of removing irregular migrants from the territory as quickly as possible.
Undesirable Governance
Authors: Hao Tang , Yexin Mao
Published: November 2015

Since World War ii, international non-governmental organizations (ingos) have in general enjoyed significant development although their complete international legal status is not practically in place. However, during the recent course of accelerated economic globalization and waning national sovereignty, ingos’ development has been limited by the laws framed by the ingo-importing countries. This paper attempts to portray the dynamics of ingos’ legal environment by comparing the legal frameworks in different kinds of ingo-importing countries. It is concluded that different legal environments reflected the different clashes among sovereign states, global market and civil societies.
Beyond Contestation
Authors: Snape Holly
Published: November 2015

This paper draws on empirical research undertaken in mainland China spanning five years to examine the role of a quiet, incremental, and holistic approach adopted by grassroots ngos as they attempt to carve out greater governance and service provision roles for themselves and influence the state. In light of this approach, it also questions the way we conceptualize the autonomy of ngos and the search for contestation between ngos and the state which clouds our view of more subtle yet powerful interaction. It goes on to suggest that by adjusting the lens through which we interpret the transformation of the state-society relationship, we may be able to form a clearer understanding of the wave-like development of civil society in China as the space for social organizing expands and contracts on an upward trajectory.
Comprehensive Exploration of Social Organization Literature in Chinese by Bibliometric Analysis from 1994 to 2014
Authors: Min Chen , Yuanhao Liu
Published: November 2015

A bibliometric analysis is applied in this research to evaluate the trends of social organization research between 1994 and 2014 in published Chinese literature of all subject categories from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (cnki) database. Document types, publication patterns, subject categories, journal articles, top cited papers, and long-term distribution of keyword networks are thoroughly examined. Bibliographic information is used to summarize the overall research trends, themes, and academic trajectorys of this research area. The study indicates that over the past 20 years, the development of China’s social organization research has four stages. In addition, both theoretical and practical explorations of China’s social organization research are growing progressively with a shift of research focus from Westernization to localization, from civil society to public service, and from small independent researchers to a discourse system of significant scale.
Development of Social Finance in China
Authors: Wang Yingjia
Published: November 2015

With the emergence of various social problems, people are paying increasing attention to solving social problems by commercial means. The concept of “social finance” came into being under such circumstances, and it has been developing rapidly in China. This paper will introduce the category and connotation of social finance and analyze in detail the significance of social finance to China’s development, challenges facing China’s social finance and its development trend in recent years so as to clarify the development path of social finance in China.
Boletus recapitulatus (Boletaceae), a new species from India with peculiar mushroom-shaped cells
Authors: Chakraborty Dyutiparna , Das Kanad , Baghela Abhishek , Singh Sanjay Kumar , Dentinger Bryn T. M.
Published: November 2015

Boletus recapitulatus, collected from subtropical forest in the East District of Sikkim (India) is proposed here as new to science. It is characterized by its peculiar mushroom-shaped terminal cells of hyphae in the pileus and stipe cuticles. A detailed morphological description and illustrations are provided. Besides morphological features phylogenetic analysis of ITS region is also used to separate the allied Asian and extralimital taxa.
Interact for What? The Relationship Between Interpersonal Interaction Based on Motivation and Educational Outcomes Among Students in Manufacturing Programs at Two-Year Technical Colleges
Authors: Chan Hsun-yu , Wang Xueli
Published: November 2015

Objective: This study explored the relationship between different types of interpersonal interaction, characterized by their underlying motivations, and educational outcomes among students in manufacturing programs at two-year colleges. While there exist several ways to classify interaction, motivation as an inherent attribute that fuels behaviors has been largely neglected. In this study, we developed a nuanced approach to differentiating types of interaction based on students’ underlying motivation and further investigated how different forms of interaction are related to educational outcomes. Method: We analyzed the Community College Survey of Student Engagement data and administrative records of 242 students entering manufacturing programs during 2011-2012 at four public two-year technical colleges in Wisconsin. The outcome variables were students’ cumulative grade point average (GPA) and their retention/graduation status as of spring 2013. A multiple regression model and a logistic regression model were separately estimated. Results: We found that interaction can be grouped into three categories that represent different underlying motivations: interaction as a response to curricular demands, interaction for broader educational purposes, and interaction for diverse experiences. Interaction for broader educational purposes was positively associated with GPA, but interaction as a response to curricular demands had a negative relationship with GPA. Diversity-related interaction moderated the relationship between college under-preparedness and retention/graduation status. Contributions: This study provides an in-depth examination of interpersonal interaction that is based in the context of students’ underlying motivations. Our findings shed fresh and nuanced light on the relationship between motivation-driven interactions and college outcomes, and inform two-year college administrators and instructors as they strive to provide an enriching learning environment where students interact with faculty and peers to not only navigate course requirements but also engage in activities contributing to their broader educational and career goals.
College Students or Criminals? A Postcolonial Geographic Analysis of the Social Field of Whiteness at an Urban Community College Branch Campus and Suburban Main Campus
Authors: Dache-Gerbino Amalia , White Julie A.
Published: November 2015

Objective: This study illustrates how external factors of urban and suburban racializations contribute to criminalization and surveillance of an urban community college campus and bus shelters surrounding it. Method: A postcolonial geographic research design is used to analyze geographic and qualitative data. Results: Results show that an urban branch and suburban main community college campus reflect a social field of Whiteness in which the geographic location and external campus are part of the habitus of White racism. Conclusion: We conclude that although community colleges have traditionally provided open admissions to marginalized students, the location and context of racialization at college branch and main campuses align with residential segregation and criminalization of residents and students of color.
Multilingual children increase language differentiation by indexing communities of practice
Authors: O’Shannessy Carmel
Published: November 2015

An area in need of study in child language acquisition is that of complex multilingual contexts in which there is little language separation by interlocutor or domain. Little is known about how multilingual children use language to construct their identities in each language or in both languages. Identity construction in monolingual contexts has been examined closely using a community of practice model, with case studies of adolescents and teenagers. Language is viewed as social practice, as individuals use language to actively construct a shared community of practice. This study examines multilingual children’s (ages 6–12) lexical and phonological choices in two of their languages, Light Warlpiri and Warlpiri, that share many lexical items and most nominal morphology. The children’s choices contribute to language differentiation and in some instances drive language differentiation further than adult speech does. The motivation is captured in a community of practice model.
Reductions in Goal-Directed Cognition as a Consequence of Being the Target of Empathy
Authors: Vorauer Jacquie D. , Quesnel Matthew , St. Germain Sara L.
Published: November 2015

Although empathy is widely promoted as a beneficial practice across both intergroup and interpersonal contexts, the implications of being the target of empathy for the target’s own psychological state are unclear. Three experiments examined how being the target of empathy affects goal-directed cognition outcomes related to a psychological sense of power, namely, the ability to maintain goal focus and readiness to ask for more in negotiations. We reasoned that because individuals typically empathize with others they perceive as disadvantaged and needing support, trying to empathize would raise individuals up in terms of such outcomes at the same time as it pushed the targets of their empathy down in a complementary fashion. Results were consistent with these predictions across intergroup and intragroup interaction. The findings thus suggest that individuals’ efforts to empathize can undermine the targets of their empathy in a subtle manner by hindering their ability to pursue their goals.
Unilateral anhidrosis: A rare complication of thoracic epidural analgesia
Authors: Gulbahar Gultekin , Gundogdu Ahmet Gokhan , Alkan Güzide , Baysalman Hatice Baran , Kaplan Tevfik
Published: November 2015

Management of pain following thoracotomy is an important issue for the control of early morbidity. We herein present the case of a patient who was referred to our hospital after a fall from a height. Right-sided multiple rib fractures, hemopneumothorax, and diaphragmatic rupture were detected. Thoracic epidural catheterization was performed for pain management just before thoracotomy. The patient developed unilateral anhidrosis postoperatively. We discuss this rare complication of thoracic epidural analgesia with a review of relevant literature.
Repair of lung herniation with titanium prosthetic ribs and Prolene mesh
Authors: Akkas Yucel , Peri Neslihan Gülay , Kocer Bulent , Kaplan Tevfik
Published: November 2015

We present a rare case of intercostal lung herniation due to blunt trauma. A 40-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with lung herniation due to falling off a donkey. Computed tomography demonstrated a fracture of the 8th left rib, a comminuted fracture of the 9th rib, and lung herniation into the 8th intercostal space. The herniation was repaired using a titanium prosthetic rib, a rib plate, and Prolene mesh via a thoracotomy.
Spontaneous extracranial hemorrhagic phenomena in primary headache disorders: A systematic review of published cases
Authors: Peretz Addie M , Woldeamanuel Yohannes W , Rapoport Alan M , Cowan Robert P
Published: November 2015

Background

Head pain is a cardinal feature of primary headache disorders (PHDs) and is often accompanied by autonomic and vasomotor symptoms and/or signs. Spontaneous extracranial hemorrhagic phenomena (SEHP), including epistaxis, ecchymosis, and hematohidrosis (a disorder of bleeding through sweat glands), are poorly characterized features of PHDs.

Aim

To critically appraise the association between SEHP and PHDs by systematically reviewing and pooling all reports of SEHP associated with headaches.

Methods

Advanced searches using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases were carried out for clinical studies by combining the terms “headache AND ecchymosis”, “headache AND epistaxis”, and “headache AND hematohidrosis” spanning all medical literature prior to October 10, 2015. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were applied.

Results

A total of 105 cases of SEHP associated with PHDs (83% migraine and 17% trigeminal autonomic cephalgias) were identified (median age 27 years, male to female ratio 1:2.3); 63% had epistaxis, 33% ecchymosis, and 4% hematohidrosis. Eighty-three percent of studies applied the International Classification of Headache Disorders diagnostic criteria. Eighty percent of the reported headaches were episodic and 20% were chronic. Twenty-four percent of studies reported recurrent episodes of SEHP.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that SEHP may be rare features of PHDs. Future studies would benefit from the systematic characterization of these phenomena.
Successful scaling-up of self-sustained pyrolysis of oil palm biomass under pool-type reactor
Authors: Idris Juferi , Shirai Yoshihito , Andou Yoshito , Mohd Ali Ahmad Amiruddin , Othman Mohd Ridzuan , Ibrahim Izzudin , Yamamoto Akio , Yasuda Nobuhiko , Hassan Mohd Ali
Published: November 2015

An appropriate technology for waste utilisation, especially for a large amount of abundant pressed-shredded oil palm empty fruit bunch (OFEFB), is important for the oil palm industry. Self-sustained pyrolysis, whereby oil palm biomass was combusted by itself to provide the heat for pyrolysis without an electrical heater, is more preferable owing to its simplicity, ease of operation and low energy requirement. In this study, biochar production under self-sustained pyrolysis of oil palm biomass in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunch was tested in a 3-t large-scale pool-type reactor. During the pyrolysis process, the biomass was loaded layer by layer when the smoke appeared on the top, to minimise the entrance of oxygen. This method had significantly increased the yield of biochar. In our previous report, we have tested on a 30-kg pilot-scale capacity under self-sustained pyrolysis and found that the higher heating value (HHV) obtained was 22.6–24.7 MJ kg−1 with a 23.5%−25.0% yield. In this scaled-up study, a 3-t large-scale procedure produced HHV of 22.0–24.3 MJ kg−1 with a 30%−34% yield based on a wet-weight basis. The maximum self-sustained pyrolysis temperature for the large-scale procedure can reach between 600 °C and 700 °C. We concluded that large-scale biochar production under self-sustained pyrolysis was successfully conducted owing to the comparable biochar produced, compared with medium-scale and other studies with an electrical heating element, making it an appropriate technology for waste utilisation, particularly for the oil palm industry.
Not Just Another Alternative School
Authors: Gulson Kalervo N. , Webb P. Taylor
Published: November 2015

In this article, we problematize the establishment of an Africentric Alternative School in Toronto, Canada. We argue that policy, and race and racializations cannot be understood outside of, or immune to, neoliberalism. We contend that policy is a form of racial biopolitics, and race is now produced through neoliberal markets, in conjunction with earlier, liberal categories. We conclude that neoliberalism has produced new forms of racial biopolitics; whereas the state is much less overtly involved in producing and arranging racializations. Instead, neoliberal education policy has transferred or downloaded these forms of racial biopolitics onto populations which are now “free” and “empowered” to produce and maintain variable raciologies.
Against Captivity
Authors: Wun Connie
Published: November 2015

Multilayered disciplinary policies including sophisticated surveillance mechanisms and harsh punitive practices increasingly characterize schools in the United States. Researchers contend that these modalities funnel students into prisons and produce “prison-like” conditions and/or militarized spaces. Most studies have examined the effects of these school policies and practices on boys of color, particularly Black boys. Although these frameworks are useful, they obscure the relationship that school discipline policies have to Black girls and violence. Based on a 12-month case study of a high school in northern California, “Against Captivity: Black Girls and School Discipline in the Afterlife of Slavery,” finds that through formal discipline policies and informal punitive practices, Black girls’ are subject to constant surveillance while their lives are perpetually disavowed. This article contends that school discipline policies position Black girls as “captive objects.” The girls are under constant surveillance while they are refused access to agency, autonomy, and self-defense against multiple forms of violence including gratuitous punishment inflicted by school faculty.
Quantifying the lubricity of mechanically tough polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels for cartilage repair
Authors: Ling Doris , Bodugoz-Senturk Hatice , Nanda Salil , Braithwaite Gavin , Muratoglu Orhun K
Published: November 2015

Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels are biocompatible and can be used as synthetic articular cartilage. Their mechanical characteristics can be tailored by various techniques such as annealing or blending with other hydrophilic polymers. In this study, we quantified the coefficient of friction of various candidate polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels against cobalt–chrome alloy or swine cartilage using a new rheometer-based method. We investigated the coefficient of friction of polyvinyl alcohol–only hydrogels and blends with polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, and polyacrylamide against swine cartilage and polished cobalt–chrome surfaces. The addition of the functional groups to polyvinyl alcohol, such as acrylamide (semi-interpenetrating network) and acrylic acid (blend), significantly reduced the coefficient of friction. The coefficient of friction of the polyvinyl alcohol–only hydrogel was measured as 0.4 ± 0.03 against cobalt–chrome alloy, and 0.09 ± 0.004 against cartilage, while those measurements for the polyvinyl alcohol–polyacrylic acid blends and polyvinyl alcohol–polyacrylamide semi-interpenetrating network were 0.07 ± 0.01 and 0.1 ± 0.003 against cobalt–chrome alloy, and 0.03 ± 0.001 and 0.02 ± 0.001 against cartilage, respectively. There was no significant or minimal difference in the coefficient of friction between samples from different regions of the knee, or animals, or when the cartilage samples were frozen for 1 day or 2 days before testing. However, changing lubricant from deionized water to ionic media, for example, saline or simulated body fluid, increased the coefficient of friction significantly.
Computational toxicology
Authors: Naven RT , Louise-May S
Published: November 2015

Predictive toxicology plays a critical role in reducing the failure rate of new drugs in pharmaceutical research and development. Despite recent gains in our understanding of drug-induced toxicity, however, it is urgent that the utility and limitations of our current predictive tools be determined in order to identify gaps in our understanding of mechanistic and chemical toxicology. Using recently published computational regression analyses of in vitro and in vivo toxicology data, it will be demonstrated that significant gaps remain in early safety screening paradigms. More strategic analyses of these data sets will allow for a better understanding of their domain of applicability and help identify those compounds that cause significant in vivo toxicity but which are currently mis-predicted by in silico and in vitro models. These ‘outliers’ and falsely predicted compounds are metaphorical lighthouses that shine light on existing toxicological knowledge gaps, and it is essential that these compounds are investigated if attrition is to be reduced significantly in the future. As such, the modern computational toxicologist is more productively engaged in understanding these gaps and driving investigative toxicology towards addressing them.
Thirteen years of oxcarbazepine exposures reported to US poison centers
Authors: Spiller HA , Strauch J , Essing-Spiller SJ , Burns G
Published: November 2015

Objectives:

Oxcarbazepine (OXC) is a 10-keto analogue of carbamazepine used in patients with partial and secondary generalized seizures. We evaluated ingestions of OXC reported to US poison centers for adverse effects from supratherapeutic doses and/or overdose.

Method:

Retrospective analysis of data reported to National Poison Data System from single-substance OXC ingestions between January 2000 and December 2012.

Results:

There were 18,867cases with a mean of 1451 exposures/year. The patients were predominantly adults with 5464 exposures in children <6 years (29%). The most commonly reported clinical effects were drowsiness ( n = 4703, 25%), vomiting ( n = 1559, 8%), tachycardia ( n = 590, 3%), agitated ( n = 342, 1.8%), hypotension ( n = 178, 0.9%), electrolyte disturbance ( n = 153, 0.8%), coma (n = 156, 0.8%), and seizures ( n = 121, 0.6%). There were 176 patients with a major effect of which 31 involved were children and 1728 (9%) patients with moderate effects of which 300 involved were children. Five deaths were reported in adults. Intentional exposure (e.g. suicide) was the reason for exposure in 68% of patients with major effects and in all fatalities. Fifty-three percent of adults and 38% of children were managed in a health-care facility (HCF). HCF utilization levels remained consistent.

Discussion:

Severe outcomes appear to be infrequent (<1%). Unlike other anticonvulsants OXC does not appear to be proconvulsant in overdose.

Conclusion:

Serious outcomes for OXC overdoses are unlikely in the pediatric patient. With only mild symptoms likely, observation at home may be appropriate for the majority of cases. In the adult population there appears to be few neurologic and cardiovascular complications even in the intentional exposure.
An Auto-Ethnographic Study of the Disembodied Experience of a Novice Researcher Doing Qualitative Cancer Research
Authors: Benoot Charlotte , Bilsen Johan
Published: November 2015

Qualitative health researchers who explore individuals’ experiences of illness are exposed to an emotionally demanding work environment. After doing 49 interviews with cancer patients living alone, I was confronted with serious emotional distress that kept me from my work for almost 6 months. Because there is a need for discussion within academia about the emotional risks encountered by researchers, I used auto-ethnography to explore what I call the “three disembodied experiences” I encountered during the research: disembodiment linked with suppression of emotions, disembodiment linked with distal traumatization, and disembodiment linked with overidentification with the participant. I illustrate these concepts with personal stories of doing research with cancer patients living alone. I conclude that writing down experiences of doing qualitative research in an embodied and reflexive way holds two advantages: It can protect the researcher and enhance the quality of research.
Parametric analysis of multilayered unimorph piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters
Authors: Jemai Ahmed , Najar Fehmi , Chafra Moez
Published: November 2015

The use of a multilayer piezoelectric cantilever beam for vibration-based energy harvesting applications has been investigated as an effective technique to increase the harvested electrical power. It has been shown that the multilayered energy harvester performance is very sensitive to the number of layers and their electrical connection due to impedance variations. The objective of this work is to suggest a comprehensive mathematical model of multilayered unimorph piezoelectric energy harvester allowing analytical solution for the harvested voltage and electrical power. The model is used to deeply investigate the influence of different parameters on the harvested power. A distributed-parameter model of the harvester using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Hamilton's principle is derived. Gauss's law is used to derive the electrical equations for parallel and series connections. A closed-form solution is proposed based on the Galerkin procedure and the obtained results are validated with a finite element 3D model. A parametric study is performed to ascertain the influence of the load resistance, the thickness ratio, the number of piezoelectric layers on the tip displacement and the electrical harvested power. It is shown that this model can be easily used to adjust the geometrical and electrical parameters of the energy harvester in order to improve the system's performances. In addition, it is proven that if one of the system's parameter is not correctly tuned, the harvested power can decrease by several orders of magnitude.
Do Personality Traits Predict Functional Impairment and Quality of Life in Adult ADHD? A Controlled Study
Authors: He J. Allison , Antshel Kevin M. , Biederman Joseph , Faraone Stephen V.
Published: November 2015

Objective: To examine the association of personality traits and characteristics on quality of life and functioning in adults with ADHD. Method: Participants were adults with ( n = 206) and without ADHD ( n = 123) who completed the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), and the Social Adjustment Scale–Self-Report (SAS-SR). Participants also provided information on academic, motor vehicle operation, legal, social, familial, and occupational functioning. Outcomes were examined using stepwise linear regression, logistic regression (for binary outcomes), and negative binomial regression (for count outcomes) controlling for ADHD symptoms, psychiatric comorbidity, and executive dysfunction. Results: Adults with ADHD significantly differed from controls across nearly all TCI personality domains. On average, adults with ADHD endorsed more novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and self-transcendence, and less reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness. Personality traits and characteristics, especially self-directedness, significantly predicted functional impairments even after controlling for ADHD symptoms, executive function deficits, and current psychiatric comorbidities. Conclusion: In adults with ADHD, personality traits exert unique associations on quality of life and functional impairment across major life domains, beyond the relations expected of and associated with ADHD symptoms and other associated psychiatric conditions and cognitive vulnerabilities. Addressing personality traits in adults with ADHD may lead to improvements in quality of life and reductions in functional impairment.
Three-dimensional hydrodynamic analysis of journal bearings using lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Solghar Alireza Arab
Published: November 2015

The present study deals with numerical simulation of fluid flow within a single-groove journal bearing under laminar regime and steady-state condition. The lattice Boltzmann method was employed to simulate lubricant flow in the bearing. A linear interpolation method was implemented to satisfy the no-slip condition on the bearing boundaries. The validation with previously published data reveals that the present methodology can evaluate the flow field of journal bearings with an acceptable accuracy. Also, since the present approach was entirely local in behavior it can be adapted for parallelization.
Online news, civic awareness, and engagement in civic and political life
Authors: Boulianne Shelley
Published: November 2015

The Internet has transformed access to the news with most citizens in western democracies having access at their fingertips. This study examines how youth consume news online highlighting news consumption through social networking sites and other online sources. This study uses two-wave longitudinal survey data of young people to examine how online news affects civic awareness and engagement in civic and political life. The findings suggest that online news will have minimal direct effect on civic and political engagement. Instead, the effects of online news are indirect. Online news increases civic awareness, which indirectly affects engagement. The indirect effects of online news are more pronounced for voting and boycotting, compared with signing petitions. Online news may be able to address participation inequalities between younger and older citizens by building civic awareness among youth and indirectly affecting participation in civic and political life.
Political persuasion on social media: Tracing direct and indirect effects of news use and social interaction
Authors: Diehl Trevor , Weeks Brian E , Gil de Zúñiga Homero
Published: November 2015

News use via social media has been linked to pro-democratic political behaviors. However, most people use social media for non-political purposes, like connecting with friends and browsing news feeds. Recent research indicates these behaviors may also have democratic benefits, by means of political expression in social media. Drawing on panel data from a nationally representative sample, this study extends this line of research by exploring how social interaction and news-seeking behaviors on social media lead to diverse networks, exposure to dissenting political opinion, and ultimately reconsidering and changing one’s political views. Social media are a unique communication platform, and their attributes might influence exposure to political information. The tendency for users to build and maintain friend networks creates a potential deliberative space for political persuasion to take place. Consistent with prior literature, news use leads to political persuasion. More interestingly, apolitical, but social interactive uses of social media also lead to political persuasion. These relationships are partially mediated through network and discussion attributes.
Implications for the concept of ‘tax benefit/advantage’ as prescribed in the Australian and British general anti-avoidance rules in tackling tax base erosion and profit shifting
Authors: Devos Ken
Published: November 2015

An increasing number of multi-national enterprises have arranged their corporate structures in a way which sharply reduces or completely eliminates their tax liabilities, both at home and abroad. This practice, referred to as base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS), has become a pertinent feature in the international tax domain. In response to this growing problem the Organisation for Economic Cooperative Development released an Action Plan in July 2013. In the coming years, BEPS is likely to remain high on political agendas around the world and it is expected that many countries will implement the OECD’s Action Plan recommendations and introduce or enhance their own general anti-avoidance legislation as a strategy to counter BEPS. This paper specifically examines the recent amendments to the Australian general anti-avoidance rule and the recently introduced British general anti-abuse rule in 2013 with regard to the definition of ‘tax benefit/advantage’. An analysis of tax benefit/advantage concept within the respective anti-avoidance rules is compared and contrasted to the wide definition of tax benefit stipulated in Action Item 12 of the OECD Action Plan. The likely consequences and some policy implications for tackling BEPS and tax avoidance generally are canvassed.
A matter of human right, not grace or discretion
Authors: Wong Kai Yeung
Published: November 2015

This article argues that China (on behalf of Hong Kong in the international arena) has been placed in breach of its obligations under the ICESCR for failing to protect employees from abuse and ensure that they work in just and favourable conditions which are reasonable in terms of working hours. Drawing upon treaties and jurisprudential materials emerging from the international and European organs whose task is to uphold socio-economic rights, the author delineates the content of the ‘minimum core obligations’ entailed by Article 7(d) of the ICESCR and the manner in which they have to be domestically implemented. The author then endeavours to underline the essential features a scheme regulating working hours in Hong Kong must include if it is to operate consistently with the ICESCR.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in the Use of Maternal Health Care Services in Nigeria
Authors: Obiyan Mary O. , Kumar Abhishek
Published: November 2015

This article examines the socioeconomic inequalities in the use of antenatal care and medical assistance at delivery in Nigeria, using the multi-rounds of the cross-sectional Nigerian Demographic Health Survey conducted between 1990 and 2008. The analyses include only women aged 15 to 49 with at least one live birth in the past 3 years preceding the surveys date. The socioeconomic indicators selected were household wealth index and women’s level of education. The results indicate that the use of antenatal care has stagnated while medical assistance at delivery has increased sluggishly in Nigeria during 1990 to 2008. Stark socioeconomic differences in utilization of antenatal care and medical assistance at delivery services exist with growing inequalities in utilization across household wealth and women’s level of education. Despite existing maternal health promotion initiatives in the country, the use of antenatal care and medical assistance at delivery is disproportionately lower among the poor and uneducated women.
Searching for Best Practices
Authors: Pedersen Duncan , Kienzler Hanna , Guzder Jaswant
Published: November 2015

Despite a growing body of literature, substantial variance remains between researchers, mental health experts, clinicians, and practitioners over the nature, structure, and contents of psychosocial interventions aimed at reducing the mental health burden in war-torn and postconflict societies. We conducted a focused and systematic review of the literature published over the last two decades on the most commonly used psychotherapeutic treatment modalities in medical and humanitarian interventions as represented by expert opinion, observational and qualitative or mixed-method studies, case reports, case control, and community-based studies, excluding randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of RCTs. More specifically, we aimed at searching for best practices and supporting psychosocial interventions within the domain of adult mental health in civilian populations in low- and middle-income countries affected by protracted political violence, armed conflict, and wars. We noted the need to translate existing knowledge into action (know-do gap) and the critical importance of applying qualitative evidence-based knowledge that informs and supports collective interventions and best practices in medical and humanitarian assistance programs currently being undertaken.
Stimulant Use and Associated Health Risks Among Student and Non-Student Emerging Adults
Authors: Tzilos Golfo K. , Caviness Celeste M. , Anderson Bradley J. , Stein Michael D.
Published: November 2015

Illicit stimulant use (e.g., MDMA, “ecstasy”) constitutes a problem among emerging adults (EAs; 18–25 years old). Prescription stimulants are among the most frequently misused medications in this age-group with past year prevalence rates reported as high as 30% in predominantly student samples in the United States. We examined the association of stimulant use with four health risks reported in this age-group—risky alcohol use, other illicit drug use, sleep difficulties, and psychological distress. In a community sample of 1,938 student ( n = 929) and nonstudent ( n = 1009) EAs (mean age = 21.3; SD = 2.2; 52.7% males), 14.6% reported past month stimulant use; rates were 12.1% and 17.2% among students and nonstudents, respectively. Findings demonstrated a significant association between stimulant use and all four health risks among students and nonstudents EAs. The association between stimulant and opioid use was significantly weaker for students than for nonstudents. The connection between stimulant use and common health risks should be addressed in behavioral health and school settings.
Polycistronic transcription of fused cassettes and identification of translation initiation signals in an unusual gene cassette array from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Fonseca Érica L. , Vicente Ana Carolina Paulo
Published: November 2015

The gene cassettes found in class 1 integrons are generally promoterless units composed by an open reading frame (ORF), a short 5’ untranslated region (UTR) and a 3’ recombination site (attC). Fused gene cassettes are generated by partial or total loss of the attC from the first cassette in an array, creating, in some cases, a fusion with the ORF from the next cassette. These structures are rare and little is known about their mechanisms of mobilization and expression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic of mobilization and transcription of the gcu14-blaGES-1/aacA4 gene cassette array, which harbours a fused gene cassette represented by blaGES-1/aacA4. The cassette array was analyzed by Northern blot and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in order to assess the transcription mechanism of blaGES-1/aacA4 fused cassette. Also, inverse polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed to detect the free circular forms of gcu14, blaGES-1 and aacA4. The Northern blot and real time RT-PCR revealed a polycistronic transcription, in which the fused cassette blaGES-1/aacA4 is transcribed as a unique gene, while gcu14 (with a canonical attC recombination site) has a monocistronic transcription. The gcu14 cassette, closer to the weak configuration of cassette promoter (PcW), had a higher transcription level than blaGES-1/aacA4, indicating that the cassette position affects the transcript amounts. The presence of ORF-11 at attI1, immediately preceding gcu14, and of a Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream blaGES-1/aacA4 composes a scenario for the occurrence of array translation. Inverse PCR generated amplicons corresponding to gcu14, gcu14-aacA4 and gcu14-blaGES-1/aacA4 free circular forms, but not to blaGES-1 and aacA4 alone, indicating that the GES-1 truncated attC is not substrate of integrase activity and that these genes are mobilized together as a unique cassette. This study was original in showing the transcription of fused cassettes and in correlating cassette position with transcription.
INDIRECT GOVERNANCE AND NONPROFIT SECTOR: RUSSIAN PRACTICE IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Кулькова  , Kulkova Varvara
Published: November 2015

According to research by foreign scientists in the past two decades in international de-sign practices is a change of government, that is the methodological foundation in the concept of indirect government. The article reveals the essence of indirect instruments and government. Described positioning of the nonprofit sector in the indirect public admini-stration. The results of empirical testing types and forms of inter-sectoral allocation of so-cial partnership with the positioning of the nonprofit sector and research sustainability of NGOs in the Russian Federation.
MANAGEMENT OF REGIONAL NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION: OVERCOMING CHALLENGES
Authors: Белякин  , Belyakin Aleksandr , Байдамин  , Baydamin Rashit
Published: November 2015

The main provisions of constructing the system of management of non-profit organization (NPO) are represented. The problems are considered that are faced by head of NPO in the current global economic crisis and the anti-Russian sanctions. There is a similarity to a certain extent in the models of management of commercial and non-profit organizations. As an example, the activities of the regional NPO - public institution " Diabetic Association of the Republic of Tatarstan " is described.
EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THE NONPROFIT SECTOR IN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPAL TERRITORIES ON THE BASIS OF ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Authors: Жуланов  , Zhulanov Evgeniy
Published: November 2015

The paper proposed economic-mathematical method of estimation of the reproductive processes development in municipal socio-economic systems under influence the non-profit sector of the economy. Method provides the data modeling processes based on nonlinear reflection of their relationship in a free market under the influence impact of tariff and non-tariff regulation of economic activities social purpose.
THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF REGIONAL HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE, BASED ON INQURIES OF THE SUBJECTS OF EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors: Шибанова  , Shibanova Elena , Горелова  , Gorelova Galina , Степанов  , Stepanov Vladimir
Published: November 2015

The article discusses current trends in the development strategy of the regional university. A distinctive feature of the presented concept is that the formulation of these trends does not come from the directives of higher authorities, i.e., according to the “above" principle, but is based on the opinions, needs and requirements of the subjects of educational space of universities. The authors draw conclusions on the basis of the social and psychological research, and presents indicators of "attractiveness", allowing to formulate the direction of the development of educational space of the university.
DEMOGRAPHIC SAFETY AS CONDITION OF PROTECTION OF NATIONAL INTERESTS OF MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: Кондратенко  , Kondratenko Aleksey
Published: November 2015

The article considers the problems and the possible consequences of the demographic crisis in Russia. It reveals internal and external sources of demographic problems of the country that make a threat to national interests. It substantiates the necessity to build demographic safety strategy in modern Russia. Providing demographic security involves security of national interests in the field of demographic development of the country as a principal condition of preserving the integrity of the Russian state and the growth of its reach spiritual and material potential.