bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Changes in Corneal Topography after 27-Gauge Transconjunctival Microincision Vitrectomy Combined with Cataract Surgery
Authors: Watanabe Tomoyuki , Gekka Tamaki , Watanabe Akira , Nakano Tadashi
Published: July 2019

Purpose. To investigate changes in the corneal shape before and after vitrectomy, over a period of time, using a 27-gauge system. Methods. Forty-five eyes underwent a combination of cataract surgery and vitrectomy. The surgeries were performed using a 27-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy system, in which the corneal topography could be performed up to three months after the surgery. The surgeries were performed for an epiretinal membrane in 11 eyes, a macular hole in 14 eyes, and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 20 eyes. All of the surgeries were performed by the same surgeon, and in all cases, a 4-port 27-gauge vitrectomy device was used. Cataract surgery in all patients was performed with a 2.4 mm corneoscleral incision at 11 o’clock. The surgeries were performed without suturing the operative wound in all cases. Corneal topography was performed using a TMS-4 topographer (Tomey Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The examinations were performed the day before and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after the surgery. The results of corneal topography for the spherical, regular astigmatic, asymmetric, and high-order irregular astigmatic components were compared before and after surgery. Results. No significant differences were seen in any of the components in the epiretinal membrane group, but significant differences were seen in the asymmetric components and the high-order irregular astigmatic components between the macular hole and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment groups (p<0.05). There were no significant changes in intraocular pressure on any measurement time in the postoperative period compared to preoperative intraocular pressure. Conclusion. Irregular astigmatism was seen after surgery when 27-gauge vitrectomy with a 4-port system was performed together with cataract surgery with a 2.4 mm incision.
Composition and Diversity Variation of Avifauna, along Different Vegetative Habitat Types in a Human-Modified Area, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
Authors: Bellanthudawa B. K. A. , Nawalage N. M. S. K. , Subanky S. , Panagoda P. A. B. G. , Weerasinghe H. W. G. A. S. , Tharaka L. K. D. N. , Handapangoda H. M. A. K. , Silva H. K. A. D. , Dissanayake D. M. S. N. , Abeywickrama M. S. J.
Published: July 2019

Role of conservation of birds has been least considered during modification of vegetative habitats, in studies conducted on birds in protected areas and urban landscapes in Sri Lanka. The present study was intended to assess the relationship between landscape and the composition and distribution of avifauna in University of Kelaniya, a human-modified area. The study was conducted selecting 8 habitats including open ground, low, moderately, and highly wooded habitats. A survey was conducted from 0530 to 0730 hr in the morning and 1630-1830 hr in the evening from August to December 2016 ensuring eight sampling events at each habitat. Point counting method (15 m radius) was used along a 100 m line transect. Species diversity parameters were analyzed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to characterize the habitats with bird species. A total of 40 species were recorded. Species richness (r = 27) and species heterogeneity (H′ = 3.09) were the highest in Mee amba sevana habitat while species evenness (J = 0.977) was the highest in medical center area habitat. Total abundance (n = 135) was recorded in Saiba ground. Asian brown flycatcher (Saiba ground, medical center area, Mee amba sevana, Girls’ Hostel complex, and English language unit habitats) and white-bellied drongo (Saiba ground, medical center area, Girls’ Hostel complex, English language unit, and Thal weta premises) were widely distributed (z > 0, Kruskal-Wallis, Minitab 14). The second largest distribution was recorded by black-hooded oriole, blue-tailed bee-eater, cattle egret, feral pigeon, brown-headed barbet, red-vented bulbul, and rose-ringed parakeet within four habitats (z > 0, Kruskal-Wallis). According to the PCA, Saiba ground habitat was categorized by open ground dwelling birds, and Mee amba sevana was characterized by frugivorous birds, while Girls’ Hostel complex habitat was characterized by carnivorous birds. Comparatively, medical center area habitat contributes to the highest species diversity with many flowering and fruiting trees while providing sufficient food resources and high floral structural complexity. Recorded avifaunal community composition ensures considerable conservation value to university premises of Kelaniya. Awareness and monitoring programs are recommended for sustainable conservation of bird species in Kelaniya.
ID1 Is Critical for Tumorigenesis and Regulates Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma
Authors: Sachdeva Rohit , Wu Megan , Smiljanic Sandra , Kaskun Oleksandra , Ghannad-Zadeh Kimia , Celebre Angela , Isaev Keren , Morrissy A. Sorana , Guan Jennifer , Tong Jiefei , Chan Jeffrey , Wilson Taylor M. , Al-Omaishi Sayf , Munoz David G. , Dirks Peter B. , Moran Michael F. , Taylor Michael D. , Reimand Jüri , Das Sunit
Published: July 2019

Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. While the introduction of temozolomide chemotherapy has increased long-term survivorship, treatment failure and rapid tumor recurrence remains universal. The transcriptional regulatory protein, inhibitor of DNA-binding-1 (ID1), is a key regulator of cell phenotype in cancer. We show that CRISPR-mediated knockout of ID1 in glioblastoma cells, breast adenocarcinoma cells, and melanoma cells dramatically reduced tumor progression in all three cancer systems through transcriptional downregulation of EGF, which resulted in decreased EGFR phosphorylation. Moreover, ID1-positive cells were enriched by chemotherapy and drove tumor recurrence in glioblastoma. Addition of the neuroleptic drug pimozide to inhibit ID1 expression enhanced the cytotoxic effects of temozolomide therapy on glioma cells and significantly prolonged time to tumor recurrence. Conclusively, these data suggest ID1 could be a promising therapeutic target in patients with glioblastoma.

Significance:

These findings show that the transcriptional regulator ID1 is critical for glioblastoma initiation and chemoresistance and that inhibition of ID1 enhances the effect of temozolomide, delays tumor recurrence, and prolongs survival.
Metformin Inhibits Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Acting Directly on Carcinoma-Initiating Cells
Authors: Wu Xingyu , Yeerna Huwate , Goto Yusuke , Ando Toshinori , Wu Victoria H. , Zhang Xuefeng , Wang Zhiyong , Amornphimoltham Panomwat , Murphy Anne N. , Tamayo Pablo , Chen Qianming , Lippman Scott M. , Gutkind J. Silvio
Published: July 2019

Metformin may reduce the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, whether metformin acts by altering the host metabolism or targets cancer-initiating cells remains poorly understood. This gap in knowledge has prevented the stratification of patient populations who are most likely to benefit from metformin treatment. Here, we explored whether metformin acts directly on HNSCC cells to inhibit aberrant cell growth. To investigate the tumor cell autonomous effects of metformin, we engineered representative HPV− and HPV+ HNSCC cells harboring typical genetic alternations to express the yeast mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase (NDI1) protein, which is insensitive to metformin. NDI1 expression rescued the inhibitory effects of metformin on mitochondrial complex I, abolished the ability of metformin to activate AMP-activated protein kinase, and inhibited mTOR signaling both in vitro and in vivo, and was sufficient to render metformin ineffective to prevent HNSCC tumor growth. This experimental system provided an opportunity to identify metformin-regulated transcriptional programs linked to cancer cell growth inhibition in the tumor microenvironment. Remarkably, computational analysis of the metformin-induced transcriptome revealed that metformin downregulated gene expression signatures associated with cancer stemness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, concomitant with increased expression of squamous differentiation genes. These findings support that metformin may act directly on cancer-initiating cells to prevent their progression to HNSCC, which may inform the selection of patients at risk of developing HNSCC in future early-stage clinical trials.

Significance:

Metformin's ability to directly target HNSCC-initiating cells instead of exerting cancer preventive activity based solely on its systemic effects may inform the selection of patients in future precision prevention trials.
Recent Advances Targeting CCR5 for Cancer and Its Role in Immuno-Oncology
Authors: Jiao Xuanmao , Nawab Omar , Patel Tejal , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Halama Niels , Jaeger Dirk , Pestell Richard G.
Published: July 2019

Experiments of nature have revealed the peculiar importance of the G-protein–coupled receptor, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), in human disease since ancient times. The resurgence of interest in heterotypic signals in the onset and progression of tumorigenesis has led to the current focus on CCR5 as an exciting new therapeutic target for metastatic cancer with clinical trials now targeting breast and colon cancer. The eutopic expression of CCR5 activates calcium signaling and thereby augments regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation and migration to sites of inflammation. The misexpression of CCR5 in epithelial cells, induced upon oncogenic transformation, hijacks this migratory phenotype. CCR5 reexpression augments resistance to DNA-damaging agents and is sufficient to induce cancer metastasis and “stemness”. Recent studies suggest important cross-talk between CCR5 signaling and immune checkpoint function. Because CCR5 on Tregs serves as the coreceptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry, CCR5-targeted therapeutics used in HIV, [small molecules (maraviroc and vicriviroc) and a humanized mAb (leronlimab)], are now being repositioned in clinical trials as cancer therapeutics. As CCR5 is expressed on a broad array of tumors, the opportunity for therapeutic repositioning and the rationale for combination therapy approaches are reviewed herein.
Risk Prediction Models for Colorectal Cancer Incorporating Common Genetic Variants: A Systematic Review
Authors: McGeoch Luke , Saunders Catherine L. , Griffin Simon J. , Emery Jon D. , Walter Fiona M. , Thompson Deborah J. , Antoniou Antonis C. , Usher-Smith Juliet A.
Published: July 2019

Colorectal cancer screening reduces colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Risk models based on phenotypic variables have relatively good discrimination in external validation and may improve efficiency of screening. Models incorporating genetic variables may perform better. In this review, we updated our previous review by searching Medline and EMBASE from the end date of that review (January 2014) to February 2019 to identify models incorporating at least one SNP and applicable to asymptomatic individuals in the general population. We identified 23 new models, giving a total of 29. Of those in which the SNP selection was on the basis of published genome-wide association studies, in external or split-sample validation the AUROC was 0.56 to 0.57 for models that included SNPs alone, 0.61 to 0.63 for SNPs in combination with other risk factors, and 0.56 to 0.70 when age was included. Calibration was only reported for four. The addition of SNPs to other risk factors increases discrimination by 0.01 to 0.06. Public health modeling studies suggest that, if determined by risk models, the range of starting ages for screening would be several years greater than using family history alone. Further validation and calibration studies are needed alongside modeling studies to assess the population-level impact of introducing genetic risk–based screening programs.
CRISPR Editing of Mutant IDH1 R132H Induces a CpG Methylation-Low State in Patient-Derived Glioma Models of G-CIMP
Authors: Moure Casey J. , Diplas Bill H. , Chen Lee H. , Yang Rui , Pirozzi Christopher J. , Wang Zhaohui , Spasojevic Ivan , Waitkus Matthew S. , He Yiping , Yan Hai
Published: July 2019

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH) occur in the majority of World Health Organization grade II and III gliomas. IDH1/2 active site mutations confer a neomorphic enzyme activity producing the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), which generates the glioma CpG island methylation phenotype (G-CIMP). While IDH1/2 mutations and G-CIMP are commonly retained during tumor recurrence, recent work has uncovered losses of the IDH1 mutation in a subset of secondary glioblastomas. Cooccurrence of the loss of the mutant allele with extensive methylation changes suggests a possible link between the two phenomena. Here, we utilize patient-derived IDH1R132H/WT glioma cell lines and CRISPR-Cas9–mediated gene knockout to model the genetic loss of IDH1R132H, and characterize the effects of this deletion on DNA methylation. After D-2HG production has been abolished by deletions within the IDH1 alleles, these models show persistent DNA hypermethylation at seven CpG sites previously used to define G-CIMP–positivity in patient tumor samples. Despite these defining G-CIMP sites showing persistent hypermethylation, we observed a genome-wide pattern of DNA demethylation, enriched for CpG sites located within open sea regions of the genome, as well as in CpG-island shores of transcription start sites, after loss of D-2HG production. These results suggest that inhibition of D-2HG from genetic deletion of IDH alleles is not sufficient to reverse hypermethylation of all G-CIMP–defining CpG sites, but does result in more demethylation globally and may contribute to the formation of a G-CIMP-low–like phenotype.

Implications:

These findings show that loss of the IDH1 mutation in malignant glioma cells leads to a pattern of DNA methylation alterations, and shows plausibility of IDH1 mutation loss being causally related to the gain of a G-CIMP-low–like phenotype.
More than Heart Failure: Central Sleep Apnea and Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
Authors: Herkenrath Simon Dominik , Randerath Winfried Johannes
Published: July 2019

Central sleep apnea (CSA) comprises a variety of breathing patterns and clinical entities. They can be classified into 2 categories based on the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood. Nonhypercapnic CSA is usually characterized by a periodic breathing pattern, while hypercapnic CSA is based on hypoventilation. The latter CSA form is associated with central nervous, neuromuscular, and rib cage disorders as well as obesity and certain medication or substance intake. In contrast, nonhypercapnic CSA is typically accompanied by an overshoot of the ventilation and often associated with heart failure, cerebrovascular diseases, and stay in high altitude. CSA and hypoventilation syndromes are often considered separately, but pathophysiological aspects frequently overlap. An integrative approach helps to recognize underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and to choose adequate therapeutic strategies. Research in the last decades improved our insights; nevertheless, diagnostic tools are not always appropriately chosen to perform comprehensive sleep studies. This supports misinterpretation and misclassification of sleep disordered breathing. The purpose of this article is to highlight unresolved problems, raise awareness for different pathophysiological components and to discuss the evidence for targeted therapeutic strategies.
Amino Acid Loss during Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Stapel Sandra N. , de Boer Ruben J. , Thoral Patrick J. , Vervloet Marc G. , Girbes Armand R.J. , Oudemans-van Straaten Heleen M.
Published: July 2019

Background/Objectives: During continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), there is unwanted loss of amino acids (AA) in the ultrafiltrate (UF). Solutes may also be removed by adsorption to the filter membrane. The aim was to quantify the total loss of AA via the CVVH circuit using a high-flux polysulfone membrane and to differentiate between the loss by ultrafiltration and adsorption. Methods: Prospective observational study in ten critically ill patients, receiving predilution CVVH with a new filter, blood flow 180 mL/min, and predilution flow 2,400 mL/h. Arterial blood, postfilter blood, and UF samples were taken at baseline, and 1, 8, and 24-h after CVVH initiation, to determine AA concentrations and hematocrit. Mass transfer calculations were used to determine AA loss in the filter and by UF, and the difference between these 2. Results: The median AA loss in the filter was 10.4 g/day, the median AA loss by UF was 13.4 g/day, and the median difference was –2.9 g/day (IQR –5.9 to –1.4 g/day). For the individual AA, the difference ranged from –1 g/day to +0.4 g/day, suggesting that some AA were consumed or adsorbed and others were generated. AA losses did not significantly change over the 24-h study period. Conclusion: During CVVH with a modern polysulfone membrane, the estimated AA loss was 13.4 g/day, which corresponds to a loss of about 11.2 g of protein per day. Adsorption did not play a major role. However, individual AA behaved differently, suggesting complex interactions and processes at the filter membrane or peripheral AA production.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ПРОГРАМИ КАРДІОРЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ХВОРИХ НА ІНФАРКТ МІОКАРДА З КОМОРБІДНОЮ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ
Authors: Levytska L. V.
Published: July 2019

Мета: проаналізувати ефективність інноваційної програми кардіологічної реабілітації (КР) хворих на інфаркт міокарда (ІМ) з коморбідною патологією (КП).

Матеріали і методи. Узагальнено результати обстеження 371 хворого на інфаркт міокарда з коморбідною патологією, які проходили  реабілітацію за традиційною схемою (ТКР) та інноваційною моделлю (ІКР) з використанням «Щоденника реабілітації» та математичної моделі реакції серцево-судинної системи (ММССС).

Результати. Інноваційна програма КР хворих на ІМ із КП виявилась ефективнішою порівняно із традиційною. Так, на стаціонарному етапі реабілітації, під впливом ІКР 87,9 % хворих на ІМ із КП досягли ІV ступеня рухової активності проти 45,1 % хворих, які відновлювалися традиційно (р<0,05). На амбулаторному етапі застосування ІКР сприяло досягненню VІІ ступеня рухової активності у 85,1 % хворих на ІМ із КП проти 58,8 % пацієнтів з групи ТКР (р<0,05). Причому, усі показники толерантності до фізичного навантаження, – ТШХ10, ТШХ30, ТШХ90, дистанційна ходьба при виписуванні були достовірно (р<0,05) вищими під впливом ІКР, ніж при застосуванні ТКР. У межах інноваційної програми КР було проліковано 84 хворих дуже високого ризику, в яких додаткове застосування ММССС дозволило достовірно підвищити результати відновного лікування: до закінчення І етапу реабілітації ІV ступеня фізичної активності досягли 86,9 % хворих проти 39,6 % пацієнтів контрольної групи (р<0,05).

Висновки. 1. Інноваційна індивідуалізована програма кардіореабілітації хворих на ІМ із КП є більш ефективною, ніж традиційна модель, на всіх етапах відновного лікування.

У процесі реабілітації хворих дуже високого кардіоваскулярного ризику рекомендовано використовувати авторську математичну модель реакції серцево-судинної системи з метою прогнозування ризиків на етапах реабілітації.
Skull asymmetries in wild boar (Sus scrofa LINNAEUS, 1758)
Authors: Parés-Casanova Pere M.
Published: July 2019

Organisms can develop different kinds of asymmetry when deviations from expected perfect symmetry occur. Among others are fluctuating asymmetry (FA) and directional asymmetry (DA). FA represents small random differences between corresponding parts on the left and right sides of an individual in bilaterally paired structures. It is thought that FA reflects an organism’s ability to cope with genetic and environmental stress during growth. DA occurs whenever one side on the plane of symmetry develops more than the other side, and has a genetic component. In this research, we examined the expression of morphological symmetry in 38 skulls of different age groups of wild boar (Sus scrofa), on their ventral aspect, using two-dimensional coordinates of 27 landmarks. Analyses showed the presence of significant FA and DA in the entire sample, detecting also distinctive differences between age groups. The obtained results show that the shape differences in different age groups could reasonably be a consequence of a response to environmental factors for FA and a masticatory lateralization for DA.
A Natureza-Morta dos planos de “Tempos Mortos” em seguindo em frente, de Koreeda Hirokazu
Authors: Sugai Mari
Published: July 2019

O artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise do longa-metragem Seguindo em frente (2008), dirigido pelo cineasta Koreeda Hirokazu. O enfoque do texto é dirigido aos planos de “tempos mortos”, em que os espaços fílmicos das áreas internas onde os personagens habitam são registrados sem a presença de figuras humanas. Será levada em conta, a relação do mencionado enquadramento fílmico e a sua correspondência com o gênero natureza morta, pertencente às artes plásticas, cujos quadros ilustram objetos e animais inanimados encenados em situações integradas à vida doméstica. Os trabalhos de autoria de Jacques Aumont, David Besser, Nöel Burch e Gilles Deleuze estão entre os que fundamentam teoricamente o presente texto.
A Contribuição narrativa dos elementos visuais na formação de espaços fílmicos em seguindo em frente (Aruitemo Aruitemo)
Authors: Sugai Mari
Published: July 2019

Na intersecção entre pintura e cinema, um dos pontos em comum é a composição visual. Ela é constituída por elementos como formas, texturas, linhas, volumes e outros itens que tornam os integrantes visíveis, seja num quadro ou filme. Além desses, estão disponíveis a perspectiva, ponto de fuga e profundidade de campo que, por vezes, podem ser verificados em obras artísticas. Nesse artigo, desejamos verificar até que ponto a organização dos elementos cênicos e escolhas estéticas em Seguindo em frente (2008), de Koreeda Hirokazu, trabalham para auxiliar no avanço narrativo. Para o embasamento teórico, as pesquisas de Jacques Aumont, na área de estudos da imagem e confluência entre artes visuais e cinema, terão destaque e servirão como principal fonte consultada.
A CONCEPÇÃO DE VERDADE NA RAZÃO DOS EFEITOS DE PASCAL
Authors: Pinto Rodrigo Hayasi
Published: July 2019

O objetivo desse artigo é fazer uma discussão acerca da concepção de verdade presente no método A Razão dos Efeitos do filósofo francês Blaise Pascal. No opúsculo Do Espírito Geométrico, Pascal constata a presença de limites no âmbito da racionalidade que impedem a apreensão dos princípios da geometria de modo absoluto. Segundo pensamos, o método A Razão dos Efeitos, utilizado na obra Pensamentos, também estaria estruturado a partir desse pressuposto. Nos Pensamentos Pascal, na medida em que se depara com a impossibilidade de apreender o homem de modo absoluto, é levado a assumir uma concepção bipolar de verdade no âmbito do método A Razão dos Efeitos, na qual os dois pólos que constituem a natureza humana, a miséria e a grandeza, são valorizados dentro da óptica do pecado original. Desse modo, tanto no Opúsculo, quanto nos Pensamentos, constatamos a presença de limites, os quais impedem que possamos obter uma concepção absoluta de verdade, seja em sentido teórico ou prático
Treatment Scoring of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Juvela Seppo
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—

The purpose was to obtain a reliable treatment score for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) from variables known at baseline.

Methods—

The series included 142 patients with UIAs diagnosed between 1956 and 1978 when UIAs were not treated and were followed up until the first aneurysm rupture, death, or the last contact. Previously published UIA treatment score was recorded, and finally, a new treatment score was constructed.

Results—

The median follow-up time was 21.0 years (interquartile range, 10.4–31.8 years). A total of 34 patients had an aneurysm rupture during 3064 person-years of follow-up. The UIA treatment score differed slightly between those with and without an aneurysm rupture (9.4±2.8 versus 8.3±3.1,
P
=0.082). The receiver operating characteristics curve of the UIA treatment score for predicting rupture showed a modest area under the curve (AUC; 0.618, 95% CI, 0.502–0.733;
P
=0.059). The best new treatment score consisted of 4 variables: age <40 years (2 points), current smoking (2 points), UIA size ≥7 mm (3 points), and location (anterior communicating artery, 5 points; internal carotid bifurcation, 4 points; and posterior communicating artery, 2 points). Scores of 5 to 12 points were associated with high cumulative UIA rupture rates (16%–60% at 10 years and 49%–80% at 30 years), favoring UIA treatment. Scores of 1 to 4 points (3% at 10 years and 18% at 30 years) favored conservative treatment and needed additional indications for treatment. Patients with a score of 0 points should not be treated (no ruptures during 513 follow-up years). The area under the curve for this scoring was 0.755 (95% CI, 0.657–0.853;
P
<0.001) and was better than that of the UIA treatment score (
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—

This new simple and rapid scoring system is reliable for evaluating treatment indications with regard to the lifelong prevention of aneurysm rupture.
Low-Dose Rivaroxaban and Risks of Adverse Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Cheng Wen-Han , Chao Tze-Fan , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Chang Shih-Lin , Lo Li-Wei , Hu Yu-Feng , Tuan Ta-Chuan , Liao Jo-Nan , Chung Fa-Po , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Chen Shih-Ann
Published: July 2019

Background and Purpose—

In the daily practice, low-dose nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are commonly used among Asian patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the present study was to compare the risks of ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and net clinical benefit of Asian patients with AF treated with off-label low-dose and on-label dosing rivaroxaban.

Methods—

A total of 2214 patients with AF aged ≥20 years treated with rivaroxaban at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan were studied. Patients were categorized into 2 groups: (1) on-label dose (n=1630): ROCKET-AF or J-ROCKET dosage criteria; and (2) off-label low-dose (10 mg/d for patients with an estimated glomerulus filtration rate >50 mL/min, n=584). The risks of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage were compared between 2 groups.

Results—

Compared with the on-label dose group, off-label low-dose rivaroxaban was associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.75; 95% CI =1.62–4.69;
P
<0.001). The risk intracranial hemorrhage did not differ significantly between the on-label and off-label low-dosing groups (adjusted hazard ratio =0.62; 95% CI =0.32–1.20;
P
=0.213). Compared with off-label low-dose group, on-label dosing rivaroxaban was associated with a positive net clinical benefit in different weighted models. The results were consistent among the propensity-matched cohort.

Conclusions—

Off-label low-dosing rivaroxaban should be avoided for Asian patients with AF giving the higher risk of ischemic stroke without risk reduction in intracranial hemorrhage compared with on-label dosing.
Transient integumentary structures in Boana riojana (Anura, Hylidae) tadpoles
Authors: Quinzio Silvia Inés , Goldberg Javier
Published: July 2019

Few studies focusing on embryos and/or tadpole skin morphology have described sensory transient organs whose morphological variation could indicate some taxonomical or functional correlations. We explore here some integumentary features of Boana riojana larvae that are rarely mentioned in tadpole descriptions. We provide histomorphological and SEM descriptions of the lateral line system, a series of evenly distributed unpigmented spots, and some symmetrical paired structures dorsal to the oral disc. The latter are previously unreported in any tadpole. Our descriptions reveal that the: 1) the number of lateral lines resembles those for most tadpoles, but with an unusual arrangement of stitches; 2) paired lateral spots are formed by ciliated cells dispersed in clusters unrelated to the lateral line system; and 3) upper-lip related structures are histomorphologically similar to the unpigmented spots. We discuss and suggest that integumentary transient structures in B. riojana represent traits that should be taken into account when describing tadpoles. This new information may help diagnose species and advance our understanding of tadpole ecomorphology and evolution.
Land Grabbing and Customary Land Rights in Uganda: A Critical Reflection of the Constitutional and Legislative Right to Land
Authors: Ashukem Jean-Claude N.
Published: July 2019

Despite the constitutional and legislative guarantee to land in Uganda, customary land tenure seems to suffer from inadequate legal protection, a situation that is analogous to that in the colonial and the immediate post-independence era. This article critically examines the normative content of the constitutional and legislative right to land in Uganda and argues that the customary land right is not adequately protected as the other categories of land tenure, in which land is owned and legally recognised in Uganda. It also serves to illustrate that the inadequate protection of customary land rights is analogous to the situation in the colonial and immediate post-independence era, and that weak customary land rights could be susceptible to the occupants’ deprivation during land grabbing. There is a need to address this situation in order to holistically ensure and promote an effective land governance regime that respects and protect customary land tenure.
Manuscripts of al-Muṭarrizī’s Works in Tashkent
Authors: Khabibullaev Akram
Published: July 2019

The article describes manuscript copies of works by al-Muṭarrizī (538–610/1144–1213) in the collection of the al-Beruni Centre of Oriental Manuscripts (former al-Beruni Institute for Oriental Studies) in Tashkent. It includes information about four manuscript copies of two different works. In spite of their importance, the manuscripts have yet to receive the attention they deserve from cataloguers and researchers. Only one of them was briefly described in a previously published catalogue. The goal of this article is to draw attention to some important manuscripts that have largely remained unseen. It is part of my larger research project ‘Intellectual life in Khwarizm: 10–13th Centuries’.
The Mughal Manuscript of the Ḥamza-nāma in the Context of Oral Storytelling and Performance
Authors: Faridany-Akhavan Zahra
Published: July 2019

The Ḥamza-nāma manuscript was the largest and most ambitious illustrative program of the Mughal emperor Akbar’s atelier. Known as ‘the wonder’ conceived by the emperor, it told 360 tales in a new visual language. The manuscript consisted of 1400 large pages of illustration on cloth, backed by nineteen lines of fine nastaliq text on paper. Today only about 200 are known. Speculative theories about the manuscript maintained that the illustrations were held up to an audience while the text was read out aloud from the back. However, codicological evidence disproved this theory by reconstructing volume eleven whose illustrations and text were in excellent condition, and the legible numbering was consistent with the story and the title. Yet, many of the extant pages still remain unidentified, continue to be misinterpreted and have been arbitrarily assigned to early, late and ‘unidentified’ volumes by recent scholarship. This article re-examines the Ḥamza-nāma, restores several of the damaged and miscatalogued pages to their rightful place, and identifies and forges new links between the folios. It discusses the tradition of oral storytelling, addresses the recent misunderstanding about how the pages functioned, and introduces new story cycles within the dispersed Mughal manuscript.
al-Ṣiqillī or al-Ṣaqalī / Sicily or Tunisia?
Authors: D’Ottone Rambach Arianna
Published: July 2019

This article reconsiders the text and the authorship of an anonymous Arabic manuscript containing ink recipes. The text was first published by Eugenio Griffini in 1910, but the ink recipes have only recently attracted scholarly attention. Though the latest contributions on the manuscript consider it lost, it is in fact preserved at the Ambrosiana Library. Attributed to ‘the Sicilian’, an anonymous author, it is possible that it is the work of a 15th-century physician from Tunis. Griffini edited the text, but images of the manuscript are published here for the first time, as well as an English translation and a new edition. For comparison, other ink recipes, from a sixteenth-century manuscript in maghribī script are edited and translated as well.
An inventory of the names of vascular plants endemic to C Mediterranean and described from Tunisia
Authors: DOMINA GIANNIANTONIO , EL MOKNI RIDHA
Published: July 2019

The census of the loci classici of the 98 vascular plants described from Tunisia, endemic to Tunisia or to Tunisia and the surrounding countries, is here presented and described. The effective place of publication of accepted names, basionyms, and homotypic synonyms were identified and critically verified. The geographic information on the loci classici was excerpted from the protologues, as well as information on typification for the taxa described before 1 January 1958. The names without holotype are 48. For 7 of them a lectotypification is already available in literature, 5 are lecotypified here, while 32 currently accepted taxa still need type designation. The new names Festuca scholziana Domina & El Mokni and Sixalix lehoueroui Domina & El Mokni are here proposed. For the names Linaria cossonii Bonnet & Barratte, L. doumetii Coss. ex Bonnet & Barratte, L. paradoxa Murb., Anarrhinum brevifolium Coss. & Kralik, and Onopordum espinae Coss. ex Bonnet (second step) lectotypes are designated here.
Fungi from the “Lost World”: Novel Asterinaceae from the Ricardo Franco Hills (Brazil), with a worldwide key to Lembosia species on Melastomataceae
Authors: FIRMINO ANDRÉ LUIZ , VÉLEZ-ZAMBRANO SERGIO MIGUEL , BARRETO3 ROBERT WEINGART , Dianese JOSE CARMINE
Published: July 2019

A pioneering search for fungi was carried out at the remote and iconic region of the Ricardo Franco Hills (State of Mato Grosso, Brazil) at the Bolivian border, known in the popular literature as “the lost world”. Here, four new species of the Asterinaceae on various hosts are documented: Asterina cerradensis sp. nov. on Davilla elliptica (Dilleniaceae), Asterina malvacearum sp. nov. on Sida rhombifolia (Malvaceae), A. indecora newly recorded from Brazil on Heteropterys nervosa (Malpighiaceae), Lembosia matogrossensis sp. nov. on Miconia prasina (Melastomataceae), and L. miconiphylla sp. nov. on Miconia nervosa (Melastomataceae). A worldwide key to Lembosia spp. occurring on Melastomataceae is included.
(How) Do Voters Discriminate Against Women Candidates? Experimental and Qualitative Evidence From Malawi
Authors: Clayton Amanda , Robinson Amanda Lea , Johnson Martha C. , Muriaas Ragnhild
Published: July 2019

How do voters evaluate women candidates in places where traditional gender norms are strong? We conduct a survey experiment in Malawi to assess both whether citizens discriminate against women candidates and how other salient candidate characteristics—political experience, family status, policy focus, and gendered kinship practices—interact with candidate gender to affect citizen support. Contrary to our expectations, we find citizens prefer women candidates ceteris paribus, and women and men with the same traits are evaluated similarly. Yet, we find two unexpected ways women candidates are disadvantaged in the electoral process. First, we find that citizens prefer candidates who are married with young children, a profile much more common among men than women candidates in practice. Second, we find pervasive qualitative reports of negative campaigning that likely affected citizens’ evaluations of actual women candidates, while not affecting evaluations of hypothetical candidates. We discuss how our results speak to the ways gender biases operate in practice across political contexts.
Critical health education studies: Reflections on a new conference and this themed symposium
Authors: Fitzpatrick Katie , Leahy Deana , Webber Melinda , Gilbert Jen , Lupton Deborah , Aggleton Peter
Published: July 2019

In May 2018, a group of scholars gathered in the icy and sunlit grandeur of Queenstown (Aotearoa New Zealand) to talk, debate and share ideas about health education. The conference aimed to trouble and disrupt traditional kinds of health education and, instead, suggest possibilities for the critical study of health education – both in terms of theory and practice. This introduction to the special themed symposium is a reflection by the six authors on that new conference – Critical Studies in Health Education (CHESS) – and what it aimed to achieve. The authors discuss and define the intent of critical approaches to health education, and reflect on their experiences of the conference, as well as the future of the field. Papers in this special themed symposium of Health Education Journal are also introduced.
Resilience and anxiety or depression among resettled Bhutanese adults in the United States
Authors: Poudel-Tandukar Kalpana , Chandler Genevieve E , Jacelon Cynthia S , Gautam Bhuwan , Bertone-Johnson Elizabeth R , Hollon Steven D
Published: July 2019

Background:

Resilience, or an individual’s positive response in managing life’s adversities, is of increasing interest in addressing the mental health disparities in refugees. Although the link between stressful life events and poor mental health is established, research on the role of resilience on the mental health of refugees is limited.

Aims:

This study assessed the association between resilience and anxiety or depression in resettled Bhutanese adults in Western Massachusetts.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 225 Bhutanese (men: 113, women: 112) refugees aged 20–65 residing in Massachusetts. Resilience was measured with the 25-item Wagnild and Young’s Resilience Scale including two constructs as follows: a 17-item ‘personal competence’ that measures self-reliance, independence, determination, resourcefulness, mastery and perseverance and an 8-item ‘acceptance of self and life’ that measures adaptability, flexibility and a balanced perspective of life. Higher total scores indicate greater resilience. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 was used to measure anxiety (10-item) and depression (15-item) with a cutoff mean score of ⩾1.75 for moderate to severe symptoms. Associations of resilience with anxiety or depression scores were assessed using multiple-linear and logistic regression analyses.

Results:

The proportion of participants with above threshold anxiety and depression were 34.2% and 24%, respectively. Resilience was inversely associated with both anxiety (beta for 1 unit change in resilience scores: β = −0.026; p = .037) and depression (β = −0.036, p = .041). ‘Personal competence’ resilience was inversely associated with both anxiety (β = −0.041 p = .017) and depression (β = −0.058, p = .019), but ‘acceptance of self and life’ resilience was not. Participants with the highest tertile of resilience scores had a significantly decreased risk of anxiety (ORs (95% CI): 0.13 (0.04–0.40)) and depression (0.16 (0.04–0.60)).

Conclusion:

Higher resilience was associated with reduced anxiety and depression among Bhutanese with personal competence resilience accounting for most of the effects. These findings suggest the potential targets for mental-health intervention to improve resilience in refugees.
‘Sufficient Reinforcements Overseas’: British PostWar Troops' Recruiting Policy in Nigeria, 1945–53
Authors: Mordi Emmanuel Nwafor
Published: July 2019

This article critically examines Britain's postwar recruitment policy in Nigeria, 1945–53. It is a subject that has not been studied by scholars. As the Second World War drew to a close, the Nigerian colonial military had declared that it had sufficient illiterate, ‘pagan’ infantrymen of northern Nigerian ‘tribal,’ including Tiv, origin to meet any but unforeseen demands of troops for service in the South East Asia Command (SEAC). Yet, recruitment of the same category of infantrymen, as well as ex-servicemen, was resumed after the war. The critical/analytic historical method is deployed to interrogate Nigerian and British archival sources on the subject. The study shows that, unlike the case of the High Commission Territories Corps (HCTC), Nigeria's postwar recruitment was not meant for overseas deployment. It was primarily driven by Britain's objectives of restoring the army to its pre-war role of enforcing colonial law and order in furtherance of its resolve to maintain its colonial state in Nigeria despite postwar militant nationalism.
We Move Forward Together: A Prison Theater Exchange Program Among Three Universities in the United States and Brazil
Authors: Lucas Ashley , Fiche Natalia Ribeiro , Concilio Vicente
Published: July 2019

In 2013, the Prison Creative Arts Project at the University of Michigan and Teatro na Prisão at the Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro began an international exchange of university-based prison theater programs. The theater faculty at the Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina joined the exchange in 2016 and began a new prison theater program at a women’s facility in Florianópolis, Brazil. Together, these three universities not only share best practices and resources but form a community of support and understanding as they engage in a highly specialized and challenging creative process inside prisons.
Intimate Partner Violence: Childhood Witnessing and Subsequent Experiences of College Undergraduates
Authors: Forke Christine M. , Myers Rachel K. , Localio A. Russell , Wiebe Douglas J. , Fein Joel A. , Grisso Jeane Ann , Catallozzi Marina
Published: July 2019

Previous work links witnessing adult violence in the home during childhood (“witnessing”) and adolescent relationship violence, but studies are limited to recent experiences with one or two outcomes, missing the holistic viewpoint describing lifetime experiences across multiple types of violence. We measured associations between witnessing and victimization (being harmed by violence) and perpetration (causing harm by violence) among males and females for the three most common types of adolescent relationship violence (physical, sexual, and emotional), and we assessed whether students experienced multiple outcomes (“polyvictimization/ polyperpetration”). We also compared sex-specific differences to assess for additive effect modification. We used an anonymous, cross-sectional survey with 907 undergraduates attending randomly selected classes at three urban East Coast colleges. Multiple logistic regression and marginal standardization were used to estimate predicted probabilities for each outcome among witnesses and non-witnesses; additive interaction by sex was assessed using quantifiable measures. 214 (24%) students reported witnessing and 403 (44%) students experienced adolescent relationship violence, with 162 (17.9%) and 37 (4.1%) experiencing polyvictimization and polyperpetration, respectively. Witnesses had higher risk than non-witnesses for physical, sexual, and emotional victimization and perpetration. Notably, witnesses also had higher risk for polyvictimization and polyperpetration. Additive effect modification by sex was insignificant at 95% confidence bounds, but distinct patterns emerged for males and females. Except for sexual victimization, female witnesses were more likely than female non-witnesses to experience all forms of victimization, including polyvictimization; they also had higher risk for perpetration, particularly physical perpetration. In contrast, victimization outcomes did not differ for male witnesses, but male witnesses were more likely than male non-witnesses to perpetrate all forms of violence, including polyperpetration.
International NGO Centralization and Leader-Perceived Effectiveness
Authors: Tran Long
Published: July 2019

Although international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs) rely on their governance structures to pursue crucial missions across national borders, the extant literature is lacking theoretical insights and empirical evidence that explain the influence of such structures on INGO effectiveness. Using organizational and psychological theories, socially constructed effectiveness measurement, and data on 152 U.S.-based INGOs, this study explores how centralization, a fundamental structural characteristic, relates to an INGO’s effectiveness as perceived by its own leader versus by leaders of other INGOs. Quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that centralized, unitary INGOs tend to have stronger internally perceived effectiveness but weaker externally perceived effectiveness reputations than decentralized INGOs do. This perceptual tension may inform INGO governance reforms and future research on organizational structure, effectiveness, and leadership.
On the convergence of solid meshes for the prediction of part distortions due to residual stresses
Authors: Albino JCR , Gonçalves Junior LA , Beal VE
Published: July 2019

Residual stresses in rolled plates, used as raw material for the fabrication of aircraft components, arise from manufacturing processes such as rolling, casting, quenching, stretching, and thermal treatments. After each process, the rolled plate has a geometrically stable condition but with internal stresses. However, during part machining an unbalance in the distribution of residual stresses occurs, in special for aircraft components, due to the large amount of material removal throughout the process. This condition of instability leads to component distortions so that any corrective action affects the manufacturing lead-time and production costs. Part distortions are usually predicted by finite element analyses with linear tetrahedral meshes in which the residual stress profiles are applied as a constant value element-wise. In this work, both linear and quadratic solid meshes are employed to address this problem. For this purpose, a Python-based routine is implemented to apply the residual stress profile at the integration points of the elements. Then, finite element simulations of simple geometric configurations (plates and beams) under theoretical and real residual stress distributions are carried out. Performance and effectiveness of two different meshes—tetrahedral and hexahedral (brick-type)—are checked through comparison with results presented by classical plate and beam theories. A general good correlation for the deflections predicted by them is reached.