bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ICHTHYOPHTHIRIOSIS – CAUSE OF SIGNIFICANT LOSSES OF CARP FINGERLINGS
Authors: Ćirković Miroslav , Novakov Nikolina , Kartalović Brankica , Pelić Miloš , Jovanić Sanja , Božić Biljana , Đorđević Vesna
Published: June 2020

Ichthyophthiriosis is widespread parasitic disease of fi shes caused by a ciliated protozoan, Ichthyophthirius multifi lis. Th is parasite is capable of affecting most of species of freshwater fi shes, including all cyprinids. The parasites usually can be found on skin and gill in the form of white prominent spots 0.1-1 mm in diameter, which looks as if the fi sh was sprinkled with grits. Within these tissues, infections cause localized lymphocyte infi ltration, focal necrosis and varying degrees of epithelial proliferation. Investigations were carrieed out during a last 10 years, while monitoring the health condition of carp fi sh. Diagnosis of ichthyophthiriosis was performed by clinical and microscopic examination. Disease was present in carps throughout their life, but the most susceptible were young categories. The parasites were present on the skin and gills earlier in 10-day-old fi ngerlings. The outbreaks are most common in spring, aft er overwintering when water temperatures increase and also does the parasite replication rate. High stock density, water quality and poor condition contribute to illness. Since the disease causes signifi cant losses of carp fingerlings it is necessary to perform its adequate controls and therapy. In order to prevent the disease it is need to to rear young fi sh separately from other fish categories, prevent weed fi shes from entering the ponds and employ hygienic and prophylactic measures. All technological measures which can improve the condition of fi sh are most eff ective against ichthyophthiriosis. It is important to add lime into the pond from time to time. Eff ective chemical treatments for I.multifi liis include copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, malachite green, salt and formalin. Malachite green is a teratogen, and prohibited for use, while copper sulfate, potassium permanganate and formalin are also under currently reviewing for the use as parasiticides in food fi sh. So that, non-iodized salt is the only permitted and safe therapeutic for the moment.
INCIDENCE OF HEAVY METALS AND OTHER TOXIC ELEMENTS IN ROE DEER (Capreolus capreolus) TISSUES
Authors: Živkov Baloš Milica , Mihaljev Željko , Jakšić Sandra , Prica Nadežda , Lazić Gospava , Kapetanov Miloš , Prodanov Radulović Jasna
Published: June 2020

Levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and copper (Cu) in the liver, kidney and muscle of 11 individual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were determined. Th e samples were prepared by microwave wet digestion. Content of investigated elements was determined by the method of coupled plasma with mass spectometry. The lead concentrations ranged from <0.001 (liver) to 8.455 mg/kg (meat), Cd concentrations ranged from 0.004 (muscle) to 0.818 mg/kg (kidney) and As concentrations ranged from 0.002 (liver) to 0.031 mg/kg (kidney). Concentrations of Hg in examined tissues (liver, kidney, muscle) were under limit of detection (<0.001 mg/kg). Th e concentration of copper in liver ranged from 3.913 to 104.08 mg/kg. Th e results of this study showed that no samples exceeded maximum allowed levels for Cd, Hg, As and Cu. Pb concentrations in muscle samples ranged from 0.008 to 8.455 mg/kg. High concentrations of Pb in two muscle samples are most likely due to the proximity of hunting wound area, as lead was not detected in organ samples. The presence of some elements in the tissues of roe d eer suggests the necessity of further research aimed at identifying the source of contamination in order to preserve the health of both humans and animals.
RESULTS OF HUNTING THE RINGED PHEASANTS IN HUNTING GROUNDS OF AP VOJVODINA (SERBIA) IN 2014 and 2015
Authors: Ristić Zoran , Matejević Milosava , Ponjiger Igor , Tešić Vasilije , Lulić Dijana
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the results of two-year harvest of ringed pheasants in hunting grounds of Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The results obtained in the fi rst year of research indicate that 19.67% (236) from total number of ringed and previously released pheasants (1200) were caught. The results for the entire observed period revealed that 1,499 pheasants were bagged, 399 of which were ringed. These results show that the share of ringed pheasants in the total number of harvested pheasants was 26.62%, while the share of harvested ringed pheasants of the total number of entered ringed pheasant was 15.72%, meaning that one of six released pheasants were bagged. Data related to pheasant chicks that were released in the hunting ground immediately before each hunt showed that the percentage of harvested ringed pheasants during the hunting season was 76.44%, which indicates high percentage of harvesting ringed pheasant (observed for twoyear period).
HEAT STRESS IN POULTRY INDUSTRY
Authors: Kapetanov Miloš , Pajić Marko , Ljubojević Dragana , Pelić Miloš
Published: June 2020

Th e results of our 15-year long research on the eff ects of global warming in our region that relies on the database obtained from the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Serbia strongly suggested changes in the pattern of disease events associated with inevitable occurrence of heat stress in poultry regardless of the species and category. Having in mind the accelerating global warming and geographic position of Serbia the occurrence of frequent cyclical and intense meteorological extremes is expected (Kapetanov et al., 2011; Kapetanov et al., 2013; Kapetanov et al., 2013). In our country and surrounding regions characterized by continental climate, the risk from the heat stress in poultry production is limited to summer months. Still, summer period has been getting longer and is associated with increasing trend of tropical days and annual trend of global warming spreading of 0.2o geographic latitude. Heat stress of poultry is one of the most challenging problems of poultry production causing substantial damages and aff ecting all parameters of production performance and is oft en associated with sudden and massive deaths. Having in mind the aforementioned data, the objective of our research was monitoring of changes in mortality structure associated with temperature oscillations during production process with an aim of emphasizing some major sources, consequences and preventive measures related to heat stress.
SEROPREVALENCE OF MOSQUITO-BORN AND TICK-BORN MICROORGANISMS IN HUMAN POPULATION OF SOUTH BACKA DISTRICT
Authors: Hrnjaković Cvjetković Ivana , Petrović Tamaš , Petrić Dušan , Cvjetković Dejan , Kovačević Gordana , Radovanov Jelena , Jovanović Galović Aleksandra , Pat Aleksandra , Nikolić Nataša , Stefan Mikić Sandra , Milošević Vesna
Published: June 2020

Chikungunya virus is an Arbo virus belonging to the family Togaviridae. In urban areas, antropophilic Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes are vectors for virus transmission to human population. Chikungunya virus has attracted the professional and scientifi c public attention in 2013 causing a massive outbreak on the American continent. In Europe, autochthonous transmissions of Chikungunya virus infections have beenrecorded in Italy in 2007 as well as in France in 2010 and 2014. Usutu virus is a RNA virus from the family Flaviviridae. Th e virus circulates in a transmission cycle between wild birds and Culex mosquitoes. The virus has been detected in numerous bird species across Europe. Manifestations recorded in humans include meningoencephalitis and skin rash. First human cases in Europe were recorded in immunocompromised individuals in Italy in 2009. Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is transmitted to humans by ticks and causes Lyme disease, a multisystemic disease with dermatological, neurological, cardiological or articular manifestations. Ninety three persons interviewed about risk factors for vector-borne infections were examined. The examination was performed using commercial ELISA IgG for Chikungunya and Usutu virus and ELISA IgM and IgG test for Borrelia burgdorferi in line with manufacturer’s instructions (Euroimmun, Germany). Out of 93 examined individuals Usutu virus specific IgG antibodies were identified in 7.5% (7/93) persons. Th e results of ELISA IgG test for Chikungunya virus were negative in the majority of tested samples, whereas 7.5% (7/93) of samples revealed borderline result. In 9.7% (9/93) participants, antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi were detected only by ELISA IgM test. Recent infection with Borrelia burgdorferi was confi rmed in 2.15% (2/93) individuals, whereas IgG antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi were detected in only one participant. Th e obtained results indicated that Usutu virus is active in the territory of South Bačka District contrary to Chikungunya virus as well as that Borrelia burgdorferi is an important pathogen in the investigated region.
TETRACYCLINE RESISTANCE IN ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATES FROM POULTRY
Authors: Ljubojević Dragana , Velhner Maja , Todorović Dalibor , Pajić Marko , Milanov Dubravka
Published: June 2020

The objectives of the present paper are the analysis and comparison of the results from available literature regarding the prevalence of tetracyclineresistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from poultry in different countries. Tetracycline is still one of the most commonly used antibiotic in many developing countries both in human and in veterinary medicine. The main reasons are its relatively low cost and availability. Besides that, this class of antibiotics is still used in developed countries for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Th e widespread use of tetracycline in poultry farming could result in horizontal transfer of resistance determinates from poultry to humans as well as to the environment. Escherichia coli, is a commensal bacteria from human and poultry digestive systems, and present one of the most important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance and has a signifi cant role in the transfer of various resistance determinants. Some strains of Escherichia coli are highly pathogenic and can cause several diseases in poultry which require antibiotic therapy. Positive correlation between the usage of antibiotics both in human and in veterinary medicine and the corresponding antibiotic resistance were reported by many authours. Furthermore, there is also some evidence that the positive correlations were also found between the usage of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and the appereance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from humans. Th e prudent use of tetracycline antibiotic in poultry production is essential as well as permanet monitoring of the presence of the tetracycline resistance.
Design of Fuzzy Logic Based Relay for Distance Protection
Authors: Babarinde Adedayo K , Adewuyi Philip A , Adekunle Adefemi A
Published: June 2020

The safe generation and distribution of power is the most desirable factor targeted by utility companies.  Therefore, there is a serious concern for protection of the transmission line as well as the equipment involved.  Several works have been carried out on protection to protect mostly human lives while some aimed at the use of microcontrollers to optimize the performance of a relay.  Part of the conventional relay operation works was the work by IEEE Working Group I17 Incorrect Operation Reporting in which for 20 total events, for voltage above 400V, unnecessary trips during fault is 30%, unnecessary trip other than fault is 5%, and total misoperation is 35%.  These results could be improved upon.  As new technology surfaces more application areas also evolve such as the use of artificial intelligence tool like fuzzy logic to enhance the performance of a relay which is the key element in the switching operation of a power network.  This fuzzy logic based relay shows considerable improvement on false trip phenomenon usually associated with the operations of a relay in which a total of 25 events were used to form the rule base for voltage ranging from 480V to 15kV, unnecessary trip fault is 2%, and total misoperation is less than 10%. In this work, the protection scheme proposed is for transmission line's distance protections relay whose operation is adaptive and directly controlled using fuzzy logic controller which is fault tolerant, directional, and least affected by power swing.
Optimisation of Media Components using Central Composite Design for Increased Citric Acid production from Yam Peels using Aspergillus niger
Authors: Amenaghawon Andrew N , Ebewele Eboseremen , Osakue Izoduwa , Obaseki Richard
Published: June 2020

In this study, design of experiment (DOE) for response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyse and optimise the compositions of the nutrient medium (calcium ion, peptone, ethanol and manganese ion) for citric acid production from yam peels via solid state fermentation (SSF) using Aspergillus niger. A four variable, central composite design (CCD) was used to develop a statistical model for the process while RSM was used to optimise it. The results obtained showed that the model was statistically significant (p<0.0001) and displayed a good fit with the experimental observations (R2 = 0.997). Citric acid production was significant at high levels of ethanol and calcium while the reverse was the case for manganese and peptone. The optimum values of ethanol, manganese, calcium and peptone were 7.0% v/v, 1.0 g/l, 0.1 g/l and 0.1 g/l respectively. Under these conditions, the citric acid concentration was obtained as 66 g/l. Validation of the statistical model showed an insignificant difference between experimental and model predicted results.
Variations of Density and Compressive Strength Before and After Charring of Some Selected Construction Timber Species of Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Adetayo Oluwaseun A , Dahunsi Bamidele IO
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the percentage variations of density and compressive strength of some selected timber species mostly used for constructional purposes in Southwestern Nigeria after undergoing fire exposure. The species are: Terminalia superba (Afara), Milicia excelsa (Iroko), Nauclea diderrichii (Opepe), Khaya ivorensis (Mahogany), Mansonia altissima (Mansonia), Tectona grandis (Teak).The densities and the compressive strengths of the species were determined at Moisture Contents (MC) of 9.0, 12.0, and 15.0%. Nine specimen per species, were exposed to fire at various temperature ranges.The results of analysis by variance revealed that at 9% MC, Mahogany had the lowest density value of 439±10.58Kg/m³. At 12 and 15% MC, Afara had the lowest density values of 444±4.18Kg/m³ and 469±7.07Kg/m³ respectively. At 9, 12 and 15% MC, Opepe had the highest density values of 630±28.85Kg/m³, 686±22.64Kg/m³ and 752±17.22Kg/m³ respectively. Afara of 9, 12 and 15% MC had the lowest compressive strength parallel to the grain values of 9.59±1.08N/mm2, 9.59±1.08N/mm2 and 8.13±1.01N/mm2 respectively, while Mahogany had the highest compressive strength parallel to the grain values of 16.57±0.50N/mm2, 15.17±0.49N/mm2 and 12.12±0.42N/mm2 at the three MC levels. Post fire exposure revealed that Afara had the highest percentage change in density and compression in parallel values, while both Iroko and Mahogany exhibited the lowest percentage change in density and compression in parallel values. This study indicated that Mahogany and Iroko species which had lowest post fire change in density and compression in parallel values are useful and recommended to ensure the safety in case of fire outbreaks.
Assessment of Environmental Impacts of Quarry Operation in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Melodi Mbuyi M
Published: June 2020

The study investigated the environmental effects of quarry operations in Abeokuta, Ogun state, while it specifically sought to identify corresponding environmental impacts posed in quarry operation and, assess the efforts towards minimizing environmental impacts of their operations. Primary data used for this study was obtained from 100 residents of the community and staffs of the company, randomly chosen and administered with structured questionnaires. Ninety one percent of the respondents noted that environmental problems like land degradation and pollution (including air, water and noise pollution) are associated with mining activities in their respective communities. Air pollution and noise pollution were found to have significant (p < 0.05). Long period (58.0%) of surface mining (71.7%) is prominent in the study area, while it posed some hazards to residents in the study area (84.0%). This includes (degradation of land and vegetation (72.0%), water pollution (44.0%), air pollution (44.0%) and noise pollution (56.0%). Noise and air pollution and governmental intervention in environmental degradation of Mining were found to have significant (p < 0.05) impact on host community as identified by staff of mine and residents. Efforts towards minimizing environmental impacts of quarrying include resettlement and compensation of affected communities (20%). Environmental effects such as land degradation and pollution of various forms (air, ground vibration and noise) in the surrounding communities where the mining activities (quarry operations) are carried out are associated with surface mining activities. It is therefore recommended that government agencies overseeing mining operations revise environmental management policy to ensure that the environmental effects of mining activities are reduced to the barest minimum.
PWM Inverter Drive for Modified Single Phase Induction Motors
Authors: Olarinoye Gbenga A , Oricha Joseph Y
Published: June 2020

This paper starts to look at the single phase induction machine which is a large consumer of domestic power supply with the goal of improving its operation. The existing capacitor-run single phase induction motor exhibits a significant level of torque pulsations during starting time and at steady state. This situation gives rise to noise and vibration in the machine. As part of efforts to mitigate these problems, an open loop two phase inverter drive strategy was developed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink to reduce undesirable pulsations. Simulation results clearly show the superiority of motor performance under the proposed strategy when compared to motor performance under nominal power supply. Torque pulsations are eliminated at steady state with the consequence of reduced noise and heat loss to the environment. The motor is observed to develop significantly higher starting torque and its reliability is significantly increased as the strategy eliminates the need for capacitors and centrifugal switch associated with these motors.
Development of Models for Charring Rate of Selected Construction Timber Species in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Dahunsi Bamidele IO , Adetayo Oluwaseun A
Published: June 2020

The performance of Nigeria timber species under fire exposure to prevent collapse of structure has not been adequately investigated. This study was to determine the charring rate models of some selected timber species mostly used for constructional purposes in Southwestern Nigeria. Six species out of ten identified timbers were selected for studies. They are: Afara, Iroko, Opepe, Mahogany, Mansonia, and Teak. The densities of the timber species were determined at Moisture Contents (MC) of 9.0, 12.0, and 15.0%. Samples from each of the selected species, were exposed to fire at temperature ranges of 20° to 230° C for 30 minutes; 20° to 300° C for 60 minutes; 230° to 600° C for 30 minutes. Empirical statistical model was developed for charring rate of the timber species. The models were analysed using ANOVA at . At 30 minutes fire exposure (20 to 230° C), Afara of 9.0, 12.0 and 15.0% MC had the highest mean charring rates of 0.84±0.02mm/min, 0.82±0.02mm/min and 0.82±0.02mm/min respectively, while Opepe had the lowest charring rates of 0.48±0.02 mm/min, 0.48±0.02 mm/min and 0.47±0.02 mm/min at the three MC levels. This study indicated that density was a major predictor of the charring rate of constructional timber. Opepe which had the highest density also exhibited the lowest charring rate of all the species tested and is useful and recommended to ensure the safety and comfort of occupants in case of fire outbreaks.
Stability Analysis of Fluid-Conveying Beams using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Akano Theddeus T , Asaolu Olumuyiwa S
Published: June 2020

This paper employs artificial intelligence in predicting the stability of pipes conveying fluid. Field data was collected for different pipe structures and usage. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model is implemented to predict the stability of the pipe using the fundamental natural frequency at different flow velocities as the index of stability. Results reveal that the neuro-fuzzy model compares relatively well with the conventional finite element method. It was also established that a pipe conveying fluid is most stable when the pipe is clamped at both ends but least stable when it is a cantilever.
Empirical Studies into Demand Based Reactor Sizing in Low-Cost Biogas Production for Domestic Utilization
Authors: Omotosho Olayinka , Oke Adebayo
Published: June 2020

A low-cost biogas reactor incorporating a hydro-pressurizing and gas dispensing unit which was able to deliver biogas at a rate of 6.25 x 10-5m3/s and calculated pressure of 58.7N/m2 was designed and fabricated for the purpose of this study.  The substrate loading intervals for the reactor were varied at 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17 and 33 days interval to determine which of the intervals gave the optimum yield in gas production. The fabricated unit had the highest average daily biogas production level and optimum total yield to substrate ratio at substrate feed interval of 13 days. Results obtained from the study were used to propose a biogas reactor sizing guideline for the low-cost biogas reactor design for domestic use. The proposed guideline would help in adequate deployment and management of resources for waste conversion and renewable energy production in rural areas.
Oral Administration of Escherichia coli Endotoxin Caused Liver - Kidney Dysfunction and Death in Rabbits
Authors: Salawu Musa O , Abdulrahman Kafayat , Oloyede Hussein OB
Published: June 2020

This study was carried out to determine the effects of ingested endotoxin on cellular and histological parameters in European albino rabbits - Oryctolagus cuniculus. Twenty-four (24) rabbits of either sexes weighing 1.5-1.8 kg each were randomly grouped into four of six (6) rabbits per group. The control group, A was orally administered with 5 % w/v dextrose containing 0 EU/ml and hence received 0 EU/kg body weight; groups B, C and D received 50, 500 and 1000 EU/kg body weight respectively, once daily by 10 am prior feeding  for a total of 21 days. On a daily basis, blood samples were taken from each animal and serum levels of alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and catalase activities; bilirubin, malondialdehyde, total protein, albumin (ALB), urea, uric acid and creatinine levels were assayed for. At the end of the 21 days a mortality of 20.83 % was recorded in the groups administered with endotoxin (500 and 1000 EU/kg bw). Also, there was significant increase (p <0.05) in the serum activities of ALT, AST and ALP; significantly reduced total protein and ALB levels with significant (p<0.05) increase in endotoxin doses and duration of the administration. There was significant increase (p<0.05) in bilirubin, urea and creatinine levels in the serum. Histopathology examinations show tissue degeneration in the liver, heart, kidney and lung related to increased dosages and durations of the orally administered endotoxin. We therefore conclude that oral ingestion of endotoxin causes damage to the liver, kidney, heart and the lungs in rabbits, especially when prolonged.
The Effects of Varying Water-Cement Ratio on the Degradation of Concrete by Sulphate Salts
Authors: Akinyele Joseph O , Adewuyi Adekunle P , Idowu Modupe A , Iroaganachi Priscilla N
Published: June 2020

This study assessed the extent of degradation by seawater on the physical properties and strength characteristics of concrete. It evaluated the extent of deterioration of concrete by MgSO4. Three concrete mixes corresponding to grade 20 with water-cement ratios of 0.45. 0.6 and 0.75 were prepared. 324 concrete cylinders of 100 mm dia × 200 mm were partially immersed in exposure regimens of Distilled Water (DW), 5% Magnesium Sulphate Solution (MSS) and Seawater (SW) for a period of 180 days. Physical tests involving visual assessment of degradation and expansion measurements were employed along with mechanical tests of compression and splitting tensile tests. Results of the physical examination showed that the specimens in MSS, after 120 days, developed blooms of salt crystals above the evaporation front. At the end of 180 days the 0.75 w/c specimen in MSS expanded slightly by 1.01%. The compression test result showed a progressive increase in strength. However at 150 days, the 0.60 w/c and 0.75 w/c specimens in MSS dropped. At 180 days, the 0.45 w/c specimens showed that DW and SW strengths were higher than MSS by 1.06% and 1.02% respectively. The lower water-cement ratio could possibly reduce sulphate induced damage as the magnesium sulphate did not penetrate the concrete easily.
Water Pollution Assessment of Selected Valuable Rivers in Efon Alaaye, Ekiti State
Authors: Adewumi James R
Published: June 2020

Pollution in relation to river water is the term used to express the level of contamination and the suitability of such river water to sustain various usage. In many developing countries, the main issue, however, is not the physical scarcity of water but poor management which results in the continuous deterioration of water quality. This study conducted an onsite measurement of seasonal stream flow and quality variation of major valuable streams use for non-potable domestic purposes in Efon-Alaaye, Ekiti state. Stream flow data was obtained using volumetric method and the quality analysis was carried out in accordance with Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. The result shows that the average stream flow ranges from 0.120 m3/s to 1.04 m3/s. The physicochemical parameters measured fall short of the national and international standards, which indicates that the water is not fit for human consumption. It was also observed that the self-cleansing of the studied rivers is sufficient to meet the quality requirement for non-potable domestic use. It is recommended that all human activities that could lead to further pollution should be avoided around the river catchment while period public enlightenment should be carried out to sensitize the community on the best hygienic practice within the river catchment to promote good water quality. Keywords: Water quality, water pollution, stream flow, water management.
Review of Method Study Approach to Productivity Gain: A Multi-case Study of Portable Water Producing Factory
Authors: Adeyemi Hezekiah O , Babalola Ayoola A. , Olatunji Amos O. , Akinyemi Olasunkanmi O. , Akinosho Raheem T.
Published: June 2020

This study evaluated level of work-study approach (wsa) to productivity advancement in Southwest-Nigeria Portable Water Producing Factories (PWPF). Objectives were to, measure productivity trend (PT) and, evaluate managers’ recognition and contribution(s) of wsa to productivity growth. PT was measured from 4 years records provided by 50 employers in 50 PWPF. Questionnaires were used on the employers and 120 employees to measure adopted wsa and impacts with responses reported on the scale of 1 to 5. Data was analyzed using t-test statistical analysis. The best performed PWPF was rated 43.75%. Disloyalty, low remuneration, lack of trainings and unsafe workplace were the major factors reported to have influenced the PT. Machinery Utilization (MeU) maximization was the commonly adopted approach. The employers’ ratings of MeU statistically significantly lower (mean=3.6364, SEM= 0.06913) to that of employees (mean=3.7333 SEM=0.6645) t(169) =0.641, p=0.522. Human resources management (p=0.235) and workers’ performance evaluation (p=0.906) were also significant and rated above average. However, work-method, safe work-practices and work-demands reviews, which were key attributes of ergonomic techniques and workers-related factors (wrf), were not significant, rated below average. The author concluded that neglects of wrf in wsa, must have greatly contributed to the weak PT of the industry and should be properly addressed to enhance productivity growth. Keywords— ergonomic, industry, productivity, water, work-study
Towards Development of an Indigenous African Language-based Programming Language
Authors: Olatunji Ezekiel K , Oladosu John B , Odejobi Odetunji A , Olabiyisi Stephen O
Published: June 2020

Programming languages based on the lexicons of indigenous African languages are rare to come by unlike those based on Asian and / or European languages. It is opined that an African native language-based programming language would enhance comprehension of computer-based problem solving processes by indigenous students and teachers. This study intends to attempt a design and implementation of an African native language-based programming language using Yoruba as case study. Yoruba is the first language of over 30 million people in the south-west of Nigeria, Africa; and is spoken by over one hundred million people world-wide. In preparation towards actual implementation of a prototype of the intended programming language, a mini token recognizer has been developed in QBasic. Keywords— Native language-based programming languages, Yoruba language, Digital divide, Information and communication technology, prototype implementation.
Corrosion Behaviours of Aged Haynes 282 and Inconel 718 in Acidic and Alkaline Environments
Authors: Bodude Muideen A , Ayoola Wasiu A , Onovo Harrinson O
Published: June 2020

Haynes 282 and Inconel 718 are superalloy materials originally designed and used in aero- and land-based gas turbine engines. However, they are being considered and used in challenging environments such as nuclear power plants, chemical, and petrochemical plants due largely to their high creep strength and corrosion resistance at low and high temperatures. Recently, there is quest for their uses in the oil and gas refineries. This work examines the corrosion behaviour of these two materials in acidic and alkaline environments; similar to that in the petroleum refinery. The samples were cut, aged, and electrochemically characterized using VersaSTAT 3 model potentiostat with graphite counter electrode and Ag-AgCl SCE. The Linear polarization corrosion test conducted revealed that the corrosion rate, break down potential(Ecorr) and the corrosion current(Icorr)  of the aged Haynes 218 are 0.05mmpy, 0.198V, 5.032µA in dilute HNO3 ; 0.145mmpy,16.23V,13.48 µA in dilute NaOH while those of aged Inconel 718 are 0.068mmpy,96.5V,63.56 µA in the dilute HNO3  and 0.026mmpy,0.41V,2.478 µA in the dilute NaOH respectively. These results showed that aged Haynes 282 has a higher corrosion resistance than aged Inconel 718  in the acidic medium ,but, the reverse in the alkaline medium .However better corrosion  passivation was obtained in HNO3 for the two materials than in NaOH.Keywords- Superalloys, Haynes 282, Inconel 718, Tafel  Extrapolation Method.
Properties Characterization of Vulcanized Natural Rubber Filled with Uncarbonized Particulate Cow Bone
Authors: Oyetunji Akinlabi , Bakare Isiaka O , Umunakwe Reginald , Adeyemo Adetola O
Published: June 2020

This work investigates the effects of addition of 63 µm uncarbonized particulate cow bone as fillers in vulcanized natural rubber on the tensile properties, hardness and abrasion resistance of the composites. Cow bones were procured from an abattoir, cleaned, crushed, pulverized, ball milled and sieved to obtain the particles that passed through the 63 µm mesh size. Natural rubber composites materials were prepared varying the filler loading as 5, 10, 15 and 20 pphr respectively. The compounded rubber samples were cured in a hot press using compression moulding technique. The control sample was produced using 20 pphr of carbon black. The cured rubber samples were conditioned at room temperature for two weeks before they were characterized. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the samples filled with cow bone increased with filler loading up to 15 pphr before they started decreasing. Carbon black reinforced sample possessed higher tensile strength, modulus and hardness than the samples filled with uncarbonized particulate cow bone. The hardness for all samples maintained an increasing trend with increase in the filler loadings. Particulate cow bone reinforced natural rubber offered higher elongation than carbon black reinforced samples. At 10, 15 and 20 pphr, cow bone reinforced composites exhibited higher abrasion resistance than carbon black filled sample. The optimal filler loading of uncarbonized particulate cow bone reinforced natural rubber was 15 pphr.  Cow bone reinforced natural rubber can find applications in areas where moderate strength, hardness, elongation and wear resistance are required such as in protective footwear, bouncing balls and cases of children toys.Keywords— carbon black, cow bone, fillers, natural rubber, composites.
Natural Frequencies of Pressurized Hot Fluid Conveying Pipes
Authors: Adelaja Adekunle O
Published: June 2020

In this study, the transverse natural frequencies of a pressurized hot fluid conveying pipe is investigated using complex mode function. Employing the dispersive relations and the non-trivial solution of the coefficient matrix obtained from the boundary equations, the eigenvalues and the linear natural frequencies are obtained numerically. The parametric study is conducted to highlight the effects of variation in operating pressure and pressure drop on the first two modes of the natural frequency of the system. The natural frequency was found to increase nonlinearly with the increase in the operating pressure and pressures drop but decreases with flow velocity. Keywords— Fluid-conveying pipe, natural frequency, pressure variation, transverse vibrations
Dehydration Kinetics of Cassava, Yam and Potato Slices Using a Refractance WindowTM Dryer
Authors: Akinola Akinjide A , Ezeorah Stanley N.
Published: June 2020

This study aims to investigate the drying characteristics of cassava, yam, and potato slices using a laboratory scale batch Refractance Window™ (RW) dryer. The experimental dryer was constructed by modifying a laboratory water bath. The bath was covered with a transparent Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic film held in-place with angled edges. The cassava, yam, and potato slices were dried on the Refractance WindowTM dryer, and the variation of the moisture content of the slices during the drying process was measured. The water temperature beneath the plastic film was maintained at 60oC. The dehydration data were fitted to thin-layer drying models. Regression analysis suggested that the Haghi and Ghanadzadeh model best describes the dehydration behaviour for the 3 mm thick slices for the cassava, yam, and potato tubers. The coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.999, 0.998, and 0.998 for the cassava, yam, and potato slices respectively were reported in all the models studied. The drying curves, the drying rate curves, and the Krischer curves, from the experimental drying data, was plotted. Observations indicate that the cassava, yams, and potatoes slices dried to below 0.11 g water/g-solid moisture content in about 150 min. This study was performed to facilitate the understanding of the design, modelling, and operations of a continuously operating RW dryer. Keywords: Refractance Window Drying, Thin Layer Drying Models, Yams, Cassava, Potatoes.
Prototyping of a Robotic Fire Vehicle Using Radio Frequency Technology
Authors: Olugboji Oluwafemi A , Jiya Jonathan Y , Ogwuche Destiny I
Published: June 2020

Fighting a raging fire is one of the toughest uphill battles in the public – safety world. Fire fighters try to put off fires with very little information, having no idea of the size and scope of the fire nor how many potential victims may be cut off from rescue.  Fire losses throughout the world remain too high and firefighting too hazardous. This work aims to mitigate these losses via the prototyping of a robotic fire vehicle using radio frequency technology. The primary research method for this study is the literature review of the various types of limitation in existing firefighting systems and models, from the review carried out an improved firefighting robotic system was designed and built. The vehicle is loaded with a water carrying bottle. Two DC motors alongside a castor wheel are used for the locomotion and drive system of the robot, a DC water pump is used to spray jets of water through its suction action. These motors are controlled from a distance over a wireless communication between the Bluetooth HC-06 and a motor control app installed on an android phone. The Robot is programmed to stop and release sprinkles of water before the robot hits the target. An Arduino microcontroller is used for the overall desired operation. The entire system is powered by a 12V Lead – acid rechargeable battery. The robot has a dimension of 0.37 m by 0.28 m by 0.12 m and navigates through a modeled floor plan with an average velocity of 0.05 m/s to extinguish a simulated fire in 5 to 10 seconds. Experimental work has been carried out carefully and successfully, the proposed technique is confirmed to be very useful for engineering, research and safety purposes.Key Words: Arduino microcontroller, chassis, robotics, actuator
Performance Evaluation of Kernel-Based Feature Extraction Techniques for Face Recognition System
Authors: Makinde Bukola O , Fenwa Olusayo D , Falohun Adeleye S , Odeniyi Olufemi A
Published: June 2020

Face recognition is considered to be one of the most reliable biometrics where security issues are of concerned. Feature extraction which is a functional block of a face recognition system becomes a critical problem when there is need to obtain the best feature with minimum classification error and low running time. Most existing face recognition systems have adopted different non-linear feature extraction techniques for face recognition but identification of the most suitable non-linear kernel variants for these systems remain an open problem. Hence, this research work analyzed the performance of three kernel feature extraction technique (Kernel Principal Component Analysis, Kernel Linear Discriminant Analysis and Kernel Independent Component Analysis) for face recognition system. A database of 360 face images was created by obtaining facial images from LAUTECH Biometric Research Group consisting of six facial expressions of 60 persons. Images were preprocessed (gray scaling, cropping and histogram equalization) and the kernel variants were used to extract distinctive features and reduce the dimensionality of each of the images from 600x800 pixels to four smaller dimensions: 50x50, 100x100, 150x150 and 200x200 pixels. Euclidean Distance similarity measure was used for classification. The performance of the three kernel variants was evaluated for face recognition system using 180 images for training and 180 images for testing using the following metrics: Recognition Accuracy (RA) and Recognition Time (RT). Empirical result indicate that KLDA performs best for face recognition system with an average accuracy of 94.52%.  The larger image dimension also results in better recognition performance. We intend to experiment on other classifiers for face recognition system in our future work. Keywords— Biometrics, Face, Feature extraction, Kernel, KICA, KPCA, KLDA, Linear, Non-linear;
Studies on the Residual Stress and Strain Gradients in Poly-SiGe Nanocantilevers
Authors: Asafa Tesleem B
Published: June 2020

One of the fundamental structural requirements for Micro/Nano-ElectroMechanical (M/NEM) devices is low strain gradient. Measurement of strain gradients is time consuming, therefore finding a simple and fast method is necessary. In this paper, a comparative study of the strain gradients in poly-SiGe nanocantilevers measured experimentally and obtained using finite element modelling (FEM) approach is reported.  Arrays of nanocantilevers were fabricated from 100 nm thick poly-SiGe films via lithography. Then, strain gradients were calculated from the tip deflections and cantilevers’ lengths. In the modelling study, similar cantilevers were modelled with COMSOL Multiphysics as superposition of smaller layers in which each layer sustained local stress obtained from stress evolution study. Results showed that the average strain gradients obtained from the experimental and FEM studies differ by ~5% and ~6% for film A and B, respectively with standard deviations lying between ±0.004 and ±0.009/µm. While this study established that stress gradient is responsible for the calculated strain gradient, it also emphasises that both parameters are proportional. Key words: Poly-SiGe, Strain gradient, FEM, COMSOL.
Comparative Analysis of Illumination Normalizations on Principal Component Analysis Based Feature Extraction for Face Recognition
Authors: Abikoye Oluwakemi C , Shoyemi Iyabo F , Aro Taye O
Published: June 2020

Principle Component Analysis (PCA) is an appearance-based technique for extraction of feature extraction that is commonly used in computer vision and image processing. This technique suffers from illumination variations, thus knowing which illumination control method to be used in PCA-based face recognition system is very important. This paper applies three selected normalization techniques; Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) to normalize face images. PCA was further used to extract features from the normalized face images. Euclidean distance was used to classify extracted features. The best recognition accuracy of 91.84% was obtained in DCT for ORL Database, while the best accuracy of 76% was achieved in DCT for FERET Database. The highest FAR of 0.9 was achieved in DCT for ORL Database, while the highest FAR of 0.5 was obtained in DCT and AHE for FERET Database. The highest FRR of 0.2821 was achieved in CLAHE for ORL Database, while 0.3000 was obtained in AHE for FERET Database. It was concluded that illumination control approaches have predominant effect on PCA–based facial recognition system. Keywords— Adaptive Histogram Equalization, Contrast Adaptive Histogram Equalization, Discrete Cosine Transform Illumination Normalization, Principal Component Analysis
Analytical Solution of Unsteady Boundary Layer Flow of a Nanofluid Past a Stretching Inclined Sheet With Effects of Magnetic Field
Authors: Yusuf Abdulhakeem , Bolarin Gbolahan , Adekunle Samson T
Published: June 2020

Flow of a nanofluid in a boundary layer in an inclined moving sheet at angle  is considered analytically. The Mathematical formulation consists of the Magnetic parameter, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. Previously published work considered convective boundary condition. The present study considered an inclined stretching sheet at angle in one dimension and considered thermal conditions of non convective heating and heat flux. Solutions to  momentum,  temperature and concentration distribution depends on seven parameters, Magnetic parameter M, Lewis number Le, Prandtl number Pr, thermophoresis parameter Nt, the Brownian motion parameter Nb, unsteady parameter c and Grashof numbers Gr and Gc. The non linear coupled Differential equations were solved using the improved Adomian decomposition method and a good agreement was established with the numerical method (Shooting technique). Analytical result is also presented graphically to illustrate the effect of the earlier listed parameters on Momentum, temperature and nanofraction boundary layers. Momentum boundary layer increases with increase in Grashof numbers, angle of inclination and unsteady parameter..Keywords— Adomian Decompostion Method (ADM), Nanofluid, Inclined sheet, magnetic field effects, Numerical Method (NM).
Effect of Double-T and V-shaped Pipe Configurations and Perforations on the Quality of Chicken Litter Compost
Authors: Akpenpuun Timothy D , Ajayi-Banji Ademola A , Adeniran Kamoru A , Ahmed Mahmud T
Published: June 2020

Livestock waste management has received much attention because of the huge volume and instability. One of the good management practices adopted to address this menace is composting. This study examined the effect of specialized passively aerated composters on some physicochemical properties of chicken litter.  The composter is made up of six double T and V shaped pipe with three different perforation diameters of 15, 20 and 25 mm. Pile configuration of the developed composters had marked effect on total nitrogen content (p0.05) of the compost subjected to 90 days composting time. The composters had uniform air distribution as pile temperature was not significantly affected by pile configuration, perforation size, and their interactions. Furthermore, both T and V shaped pipe structures reached a thermophilic temperature of 49.0 and 67 oC respectively and the compost stabilized in the 12th week. From the agronomic point of view, V-shaped pipe outperformed double inverted T pipes with perforation sizes of 15 and 20 mm. Overall result from this study suggests that double-T and V-shaped composters are feasible composting systems that can enhance biodegradation, maturation, and stability of chicken litter.Keyword: compost, litter, composter, double-T, pile, perforation.
Effect of set-up heights on the performance of pot-in-pot cooling system for storing food and drugs at ambient temperature
Authors: Yahaya Suleiman A , Akande Kareem A , Raji Aisha O , Abdulrahman Kamaldeen O , Enagi Ibrahim I
Published: June 2020

The research aimed at evaluating the effect of set-up height on the performance of earthenware pot-in-pot cooling system. The pots were set up at different heights; H1 (0 m), H2 (0.5 m) and H3 (1 m) and observed for 59 days from 8:00am to 6:00pm daily. The inner temperatures obtained from the three different arrangements were determined using standard methods. The result showed that increasing the height from ground level (0 m) to 1 m increases the mean cooling effect by 8 %. Generally, it was observed that only the set-up height at 1 m proved to have maximum efficiency of the pot-in-pot system performance. Keywords— Cooler, Efficiency, Evaporative cooling, Set-up height, Pot-in-pot, Preservation
My Freedom: Assessing Reactance in a High Freedom Persuasive Website
Authors: Adewoyin Oluwande , Ayogu Bosede
Published: June 2020

The freedom concept has been an important one, to daily engagement in activities and everything that becomes so close to people. One of them is computing systems that we use every day and they serve several purposes in moulding human lives. An important aspect of this is behaviour change as many have been successful while others have failed because they are too restrictive for use. However, the presence of freedom does not guarantee the success of many systems. Therefore, this work focuses on how reactance can still be experienced in a persuasive website that ensures freedom and non-forced compliance. Specifically, the work studied anger, compliance and perceived usability of a persuasive website that was developed to provide intervention for users in the area of healthy meal planning through manipulation of freedom levels. Results indicated that participants exposed to high freedom text had lower anger, higher perceived usability and higher compliance than participants exposed to low freedom text and social high freedom message. This led to the conclusion that users’ freedom feeling during a persuasive attempt can be boosted with the inclusion of high freedom message design and that the integration of social agents for persuasion enhancement must be done with great care.Keywords: Psychological Reactance, Freedom, Behaviour change, Social Influence, compliance, persuasion, computing devices