bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Slovenian Music in its Central European Context: the 20th-century experience
Authors: O'Loughlin Niall
Published: December 2021

Slovenia has had a rich and varied musical histoiy, despite the fact that it was part of the Habsburg Empire and then a constituent part of Yugoslavia. Its recent smooth transition to independence and its realignment with Central Europe have been noteworthy. In the past, Slovene or part-Slovene composers such as Gallus, Tartini and Wolf worked abroad, while in the 20th century composers normally returned to Slovenia after studying abroad. For example, Marij Kogoj and Slavko Osterc studied in Central Europe and maintained a strong musical connection with Central European modernism in the 1920s and 1930s. Kogoj's strong links with Viennese expressionism were well expressed in the opera Črne maskeof 1927, while Osterc's connections with Hindemith, Honegger and others is evident in the opera Krog s kredo and orchestral works such as Mouvement symphonique. On the other hand, Kozina, Arnič and Škerjanc developed a less advanced style and kept less contact with the rest of Europe. The political situation in the 1940s and 1950s made outside travel difficult, changing the situation dramatically. Composers such as Ramovš and Uroš Krek had different experiences: Ramovš managed to study with Frazzi and Casella in Italy, while Krek did not study abroad. Both, however, produced works in a distinctive neo-classical style that typified the immediate post-war period. Ivo Petrić's music follows the styles of Prokofiev and Shostakovich. From the late 1950s onwards  the situation  changed  with  strong contacts with Croatia, Poland and countries of the West: France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States in particular. This contact encouraged the emergence of a new avant-garde in Slovenia in the 1960s with such composers as Petrić, Ramovš, Lebič, Jež, Božič, Matičič, Globokar, Stibilj and Štuhec coming into prominence. Later they were joined by Pavel Mihelčič and Maks Strmčnik. Matičič and Globokar mostly stayed abroad, while Stibilj returned permanently later. In the decades before and after independence in 1991, a new generation of composers became established, with the most advanced composition by Aldo Kumar, Uroš Rojko, Tomaž Svete, Brina Jež-Brezavšček and Nenad Firšt. Postmodern tendencies are found in the music of Jani Golob and Marko Mihevc. Ali these composers are providing the Slovene musical scene with a wide variety of distinctive music that is both challenging and interesting.
Übernationales und nationales in der Musik
Authors: Florjanc Ivan
Published: December 2021

Übernationales und nationales in der Musik
Experiences and ways PLWHA deal with their lives
Authors: Kiwanuka Anthony , Walakira Eddy , Kaawa-Mafigiri David
Published: December 2021

The issue of HIV and AIDS and people living with HIV and AIDS is very sensitive which needs great attention. The population of infected individuals seems not to seek help and health services due to their illness. The barriers which prevent this population experience the meaning of social construction of their illness. The main objective of this study is to understand the day-to-day lives and the ways PLWHA deals with their lives. Qualitative method and participatory action research were used to gather information. The study found out that PLWHA have much to fight for in the complex and frightening areas of HIV research and treatment. Though there have been lacking scientific skills, all PLWHA can bring unique experiences and perspectives to an open discussion. The study concluded that facing the challenges of working with HIV and AIDS–individuals; consider the participatory research approach because it can reach out to individuals, groups and organizations.It was recommended that the ultimate goals of AIDS treatment and research activism are to accelerate scientific research knowledge that contributes towards cure, and to win an early widespread access to treatment for everyone infected with HIV. Developing a well-designed research can help PLWHA learn how to ask themselves different questions and ask if the medical and research establishments will address their concerns.

Keywords: Health Services;, seeking behavior; persons living with HIV.
Clinical profile and initial treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective cohort study at the Uganda Cancer Institute
Authors: Kibudde Solomon , James Kirenga Bruce , Nabwana Martin , Okuku Fred , Walusansa Victoria , Orem Jackson
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Lung cancer is a major global public health burden constituting 11.6% of all new cancer diagnoses and 18.4% of all cancer-related mortality.

Purpose: To describe the clinical profile and initial treatment of non-small cell lung cancer in Uganda.

Methods: We reviewed charts of a cohort of patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer, treated between January 2013 and November 2015 at the Uganda Cancer Institute.

Results: A total of 74 patients met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 56 years (IQR 47-70), with 16.2% below the age 45 years, and 51% were female. Only 10 percent were active smokers and the most frequent histological subtype was adenocarcinoma (71%). The majority (91.9%) had stage IV disease at diagnosis and frequent metastases to contralateral lung, liver, and bones. Twenty-seven (27) patients received platinum-based chemotherapy, while 27 patients received erlotinib, and only 4 patients received palliative thoracic radiotherapy. The median survival time was 12.4 months, and the overall response rate was 32.7%. There was no survival difference by type of systemic treatment, and on multivariate analysis, poor performance status was predictive of adverse outcomes (p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Uganda frequently presented with late-stage disease at diagnosis. The majority of patients were female, never-smokers, and had predominantly adenocarcinoma subtype.

Keywords: Non-small cell lung cancer; Uganda; erlotinib; lung cancer; Uganda Cancer Institute.
A systemic review of barriers to accessing paediatric eye care services in African countries
Authors: Hassan Alrasheed Saif
Published: December 2021

Background: Global estimate reported that 1.4 million children are blind of which three-quarters live in developing countries. Childhood Visual Impairment is a major public health problem globally especially in rural areas of developing countries.Objective: To review barriers to accessing paediatric eye care services in African countriesMethods: The studies in this review were searched in online databases (PubMed, Web of Sciences, ProQuest, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Index Medicus and Medline) for studies published between January 2000 and April 2020. The articles included in this review, which was conducted in Africa to assess the barriers for accessing paediatric eye care services with regards availability, accessibility, affordability, socio cultural barriers of parents/caregivers and community.Results: Of 22 705 articles screened, the study found 29 publications from 10 African countries which met the inclusion criteria. The main barriers were non-availability, non-accessibility, and non-affordability of paediatric eye care services. The studies reviewed revealed that there are other factors affecting the utilization of paediatric eye services which include the primary health system, geographic barriers, health beliefs, perception of parents; lack of knowledge, attitudes and practices about paediatric eye care. Furthermore, environmental, demographic barriers and socio-economic status has negative impact on accessing paediatric eye care services in African counties.Conclusion: The main barriers to accessing paediatric eye care services in Africa were affordability, accessibility and availability. There is therefore a need for all relevant stakeholders to play a significant role in addressing barriers to child eye carein African countries.

Keywords: Paediatric eye care; Africa; availability; accessibility; affordability; visual impairment; refractive errors.
Comparison of chest HRCT severity score in PCR positive and PCR negative clinically suspected COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Hanif Mughal Hina , Muhammad Jawad Zaidi Syed , Waqar Bhatti Hamza , Maryum Madiha , Khaliq Maria , Khan Nasir , Kaneez Mehwish
Published: December 2021

Background: The limitations and false-negative results of Real-time Polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) in diagnosing COVID-19 infection demand the need for imaging modalities such as chest HRCT to improve the diagnostic accuracy andassess the severity of the infection.

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the chest HRCT severity scores in RT-PCR positive and negative cases of COVID-19.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 clinically suspected COVID-19 patients. Chest HRCT and PCR testing of all 50 patients were done and the chest HRCT severity scores for each lung and bronchopulmonary segments were compared in patients with positive and negative PCR results. Chi-square and Mann Whitney U test were used to assess differences among study variables.

Results: Chest HRCT severity score was more in PCR negative patients than in those with PCR positive results . However, the difference was not significant (p=0.11). There was a significant association in severity scores of the anterior basal segment of the left lung (p=0.022) and posterior segment upper lobe of right lung (p=0.035) with PCR results. This association was insignificantfor other bronchopulmonary segments (p>0.05).

Conclusion: CR negativity does not rule out infection in clinically suspected COVID-19 patients. The use of chest HRCT helps to determine the extent of lung damage in clinically suspected patients irrespective of PCR results. Guidelines that consider clinical symptoms, chest HRCT severity score and PCR results for a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 in suspected patientsare needed.

Keywords: Chest High resolution computed tomography (HRCT); COVID-19; Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Determination and heavy metals some Nigerian medical plants
Authors: Maigari I.A , Auwal M.A. , Sulaiman M.B. , Nwankwo D.K.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
Bioefficacy of ethanolic leaf extracts of some botanicals against cowpea beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus F. [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]
Authors: Sani I. , Suleiman M. , Abubakar S. , Badamasi M. , Esha H.L. , Sani Z. , Yola A.I.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
Synthesis and characterizations of water soluble acetaminophen starch conjugate with methylene carbonyl bridge and improved solubility
Authors: Usman A.A. , Musa H. , Abdussalam A. , Hamma A. , Ibrahim M.B.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
Perceptual etymology, or three Turkish culinary terms in Croatian and Slovene, and a Polish social term inteligencja ‘intelligentsia’
Authors: Stachowski Marek
Published: December 2021

This paper has been inspired by Roberto Dapit’s study of 2021. My aim is to show the sense of using what can be called “perceptual etymology” (analogically to “perceptual dialectology”) along with and in contrast to the “scholarly etymology”.
Projekt nauki wspólnotowej: społeczne monitorowanie skutków katastrofy ekologicznej Deepwater Horizon
Authors: Jelewska Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

The Project of Community Science: Public Monitoring of the Effects of the Deepwater Horizon Ecological Disaster

The article discusses the strategies and research methods used within the community science paradigm developed by the Public Lab group. The workshops and practices of scientific cooperation with local communities are discussed on the example of the Public Lab’s founding project – monitoring the effects of an ecological disaster related to the oil spill from BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil platform into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. The methods used to conduct the research were based on the local community’s involvement and led to the establishment of new models to disseminate data and scientific knowledge in which local participants play a crucial role and have access to essential measurement data. The article discusses the DIY method’s applications, the technique of experimental cartography and mapping performed using meteorological balloons and kites. The community research methods are juxtaposed with the contemporary contexts of the evolving blue turn in the humanities, social sciences, and media practices.
Kapuściński non-fiction jako biografia polityczna. Lewicowość Kapuścińskiego w kontekście paraliżu dyskursu o PRL-u
Authors: Rycombel Marlena
Published: December 2021

Kapuściński non-fiction as a political biography. The leftism of Kapuściński in the context of the discourse on Polish People’s Republic
In the article, the author is surveying the scientific discourse on political threads embraced in the Kapuściński non-fiction biography written by Artur Domosławski. This discourse spectacularly reveals the wider problem with the discourse on the Polish People’s Republic. There will be indicated how presuppositions concerning Ryszard’s Kapuściński leftism (valorized the leftism positively or negatively) position the interpretation of the book Kapuściński non-fiction. Various typologies of the discourse on PRL will be enumerated and the problem of whether the biography written by Artur Domosławski eludes the classical narration on real socialism will be discussed.
Scenariusz błądzenia. O peryferiach i praktykowaniu eklektyzmu. Aleksander Woźny, Scenariusze kultury w mediach i medycynie narracyjnej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2020, ss. 219
Authors: Muca Klaudia
Published: December 2021

A Scenario of Meandering. On Peripheries and Practicing Eclectism. Aleksander Woźny, Scenariusze kultury w mediach i medycynie narracyjnej, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Wrocław 2020, ss. 219.

The paper reflects on an academic practice of applying interdisciplinary and progressive humanistic discourse to the analysis that is only marking its critical and revisory character. The example considered in detail is Aleksander Woźny’s book Scenariusze kultury w mediach i medycynie narracyjnej [Culture Scenarios in Media and Narrative Medicine]. The tendency to overtheorize about general cultural mechanism of explaining experience (i.e. culture scenario), appearing in the book, as well as the tendency to instrumentally use the idea to advocate peripheries in the humanities, are being recognized and commented on. The review also pays a close attention to narrative medicine and its application in Woźny’s analysis in order to indicate some discursive appropriations.
System, technologia i wernakularne innowacje. Piotr Sitarski, Maria B. Garda, Krzysztof Jajko, Nowe media w PRL, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2020, ss. 250
Authors: Felczak Mateusz
Published: December 2021

System, Technology and Vernacular Innovations. Piotr Sitarski, Maria B. Garda, Krzysztof Jajko, Nowe media w PRL, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2020, ss. 250. This review concerns New Media Behind the Iron Curtain: Cultural History of Video, Microcomputers and Satellite Television in Communist Poland (original title: New Media in Polish People’s Republic), a book co-authored by Piotr Sitarski, Maria B. Garda, and Krzysztof Jajko. The publication offers a unique insight into vernacular usages of new technology (videocassette recorders, microcomputers and satellite TV) during the last decades of the Communist rule in Poland. Making the diffusion of innovations theory its basic approach to the subject, the book grounds its claims using rich data including interviews, photographs and documents from the analyzed era. New Media presents a comprehensive, case study-focused approach to the analysis of political, economic and social contexts concerning the dissemination, appropriation and application of technological innovations by individual users.
Karmicielki świata. Mamki mleczne w świetle reprodukcji życia społecznego
Authors: Szopa Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

[Feeders of the World. Wet Nurses and Social Reproduction] The article is an attempt to outline the history of wet-nursing on the example of France from the late 18th century until the beginning of the 20th century. The main aim of the article is to highlight the social and economic changes undergone by the profession of wet-nursing. This study explores the process in which increasing industrialisation and urbanisation leads to wet nurses becoming gradually subjected to what Karl Marx described as formal subsumption of labour under capital. Wet-nursing was one of the most important functions contributing to societies’ survival and reproduction, which is why at the turn of the 19th century it was commodified and transformed into one of the most alienated types of labour. These processes were accompanied by a series of changes in the social and cultural perception of wet nurses, notably by the so-called rabble discourse typical for the 19th-century means of racialising working class people.
Ślady człowieka piszącego. O Pismach ostatnich Henryka Markiewicza
Authors: Burzyńska Anna
Published: December 2021

[Traces of A Man of Letters. On Henryk Markiewicz’s Pisma ostatnie]
The article is both a review of the book by Henryk Markiewicz and a presentation of the writer’s figure which transpires from its content – a figure of an incredibly reliable and knowledgeable researcher of literature, a seasoned polemicist, and a keen observer of the most recent changes in literary studies.
Polish and Hungarian Historical Tradition in the Hungarian-Polish Chronicle
Authors: Grzesik Ryszard
Published: December 2021

The aim of the article is to present two written traditions which are discernible in the Hungarian-Polish Chronicle. One of them is of the Hungarian and the other one of the Polish origin. The Le-genda sancti Stephani regis by Bishop Hartvich is one of them. It is also the simplest one to analyse. The text comparison shows that it could be regarded as the shorter text variant which served as the story basis for the chronicler, similarly to the text from the Seitz manuscript dated back to the second half of the 14th century. One of the variants of the now lost Gesta Ungarorum could be a source of information on the ancient history of Hungarians. One can observe traces of using a written source of the Polish origin as well. It could be a narrative form dating back to the beginning of the 13th century, in which the remnants of another, older text – possibly from the time of Bolesław II Large (the second half of the 11th century) – could be found.
The Political Career of Gáspár Bekes and Ferenc Wesselényi in Poland-Lithuania during the Reign of Stefan Batory
Authors: Kadzik Dominik
Published: December 2021

This article is about the career and political positions of Gáspár Bekes and Ferenc Wesselényi in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during Stephen Báthory’s reign. It explains how they both achieved their positions and why they were important for the monarch. It should be emphasised that both of them are a good example of how the elected Polish king could help foreigners in their career in 16th century Poland. On the one hand, Gáspár Bekes achieved his position by serving in the army before and during Báthory’s wars, on the other hand Ferenc Wesselényi played an important role as a holder of a high office at the Polish royal court.
Transylvania’s and Poland’s Participation in the Struggles between the Moldavian Voivode Family, the Movilăs, and the Wallachian Voivode Radu Şerban
Authors: Papp Sándor
Published: December 2021

The aim of this article is to analyse the relations of the three Ottoman vassal provinces (Transylvania, Moldavia and Wallachia) during the last years of the Long Turkish War (1591/93–1606). The provinces rebelled against the Ottomans at the beginning of the war. Then influenced by the policies of their dynasties or due to the military occupation of the neighbouring great powers such as the Habsburg monarchy, Poland and the Ottoman Empire, they changed the sides of the conflict. The Movilăs (or Movilă family) tried to govern two Romanian voivodships, Moldavia and Wallachia simultaneously. They had a good relation with the Ottomans and they supported rule of István Bocskai (r. 1604–1606), who rebelled against the Habsburgs in 1604 and was elected as the Prince of Transylvania and Hungary by the Hungarian rebels. The voivode of Wallachia, Radu Şerban (r. 1601, 1602–1610, 1611), who secretly allied himself with the Habsburgs, while simultaneously being recognised by the Ottoman side also endorsed him. The Prince of Moldavia, Ieremia Movilă (r. 1595–1606), tried to remove him from the Wallachian throne. He wanted to install his younger brother, Simion (r. 1600–1602 in Wallachia, r. 1606–1607 in Moldavia) – who had once held the title of the Prince of Wallachia – on the Wallachian throne after deposing of Radu Şerban. They formed an alliance with the Ottoman military dignitaries as well as with Bocskai to achieve their goal. Although this was an unsuccessful attempt, they strongly supported the Hungarian uprising. After the death of Ieremia Movilă, his sons tried to gain the power over Moldavia with Polish assistance. By contrast, the Hungarians gave military assistance to Simion against Ieremia’s sons.
Suggestions on an Editorial Guideline for the Latin Language Peace Treaties between the Habsburg and the Ottoman Empire Based on the 18th-century Case Study
Authors: Brandl Gergely
Published: December 2021

The aim of the paper is to provide a conceptual and theoretical framework for transcription of Latin historical texts based on the case study of the peace treaty of Passarowitz (1718). The article discusses some of the major works on editing Latin source publications concerning the scripts originating from the territories of the Hungarian kingdom. The paper attempts to provide answers for two major questions. Firstly, why should a specific sample-based guideline be elaborated on in case of the Ottoman-Habsburg Latin peace treaty documents and secondly, how should it be done. In accordance with that, the paper presents a sample guideline in the appendix, with transcriptional examples for the most of the relevant problems, covering the issues of transcription, editorial
Pragmatyzm czy zdrada? Relacje pomiędzy przywódcami rokoszu sandomierskiego, Mikołajem Zebrzydowskim i Januszem Radziwiłłem, po klęsce pod Guzowem
Authors: Pawłowska‑Kubik Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

[Pragmatism or betrayal? Relations between the leaders of the Sandomierz rebellion, Mikołaj Zebrzydowski and Janusz Radziwiłł, after the defeat at Guzów]

The Sandomierz sedition (Polish: rokosz sandomierski), the revolt of part of the nobility against Sigismund III in the years 1606–1609, was the largest noble movement in the 17th century and one of the most important noble revolts in the history of the Polish‑Lithuanian Commonwealth. The essential rebellion leaders include the voivode of Cracow, Mikołaj Zebrzydowski, and the Lithuanian cup‑bearer, Janusz Radziwiłł. The leaders of the movement, apart from belonging to the elite of the Polish‑Lithuanian state, differed basically in everything: age, political experience, religion, views and a vision of repairing the state. However until losing the battle of Guzów (July 5, 1607) with the royal forces, Zebrzydowski and Radziwiłł represented, with some minor exceptions, a coherent position regarding the methods of activity and goals of the movement. The purpose of this article is to analyze the decomposition of this alliance formed under the influence of specific conditions. Its aim is not to show which of the leaders did not comply with the decisions made earlier (the matter is obvious here, it was Mikołaj Zebrzydowski), but to explain the motives behind the actions of the Cracow voivode and the attitude that Janusz Radziwiłł adopted towards the actions of his former ally. Documents from the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw were attached to the article as an annex.
Performance assessment of the state of road infrastructure in selected urban centers in Kogi State in Nigeria
Authors: Olorunfemi Samuel
Published: December 2021

Road infrastructure has been identified as a major factor in the development of a nation and where is lacking or inadequate usually creates a memorable hardship for road users. To this end, this study assessed the state of road infrastructure in selected urban centres in Kogi State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire cum field observation were deployed to collect the required data for the study. The structure questionnaire were administered to one thousand, two hundred and fifteen (1,215) household heads in the selected urban centres to elicit information on the perception of the urban dwellers with the state of road infrastructure. More importantly, Z-Score technique was utilized to show variation in the distribution of road infrastructure in the selected urban centres in Kogi State. Findings revealed that disparity exists in the provision of road infrastructure across the selected urban centres in the study area with the highest Z-Score value of 3.85 in Lokoja and a least Z-Score value of -0.28 in Mopa-Amuro. Findings also indicated that that the respondents (urban dwellers) were dissatisfied with the condition of road network and fairly satisfied with the state of bridge and drainage system, lay-by and walk way, street light, traffic/road sign and parking spaces available in the study area. Having revealed the level of satisfaction of respondents with the physical state of existing road infrastructures and their serviceability, the study recommends that Kogi State government should made concerted efforts to develop and implement standard road infrastructure capacity framework for road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance across the urban centres in Kogi State.
Cost-suitability land modeling for current and proposed transport infrastructure along Timiș-Cerna Corridor (Romania)
Authors: Stoica-Fuchs Beniamin , Michai Bogdan-Andrei , Săvulescu Ionuț
Published: December 2021

Cost-suitability land modeling is one of the mandatory conditions for the proposal of new transport development projects, in order to achieve optimal costs of design and construction. In the present study, we intend to present a model for assessing land suitability for current and proposed transport infrastructure along the Orient-East Med TEN-T Corridor, in the mountainous region of the Timiș-Cerna Corridor (Romania). The relevant factors for our analysis were outsourced from various thematic data sets and refer to lithology, morphological and morphometrical properties of landforms, soil characteristics and climatic setting of the study area. Conservation of natural environment and human habitat was also taken into consideration by means of analyzing land use patterns and spatial distribution of protected areas. The methodology is based on the principles of cartographic algebra and vector overlay analysis, currently implemented in various GIS applications. The results of our study aim for the identification of critical sectors along the current and proposed transport infrastructure, which intersect areas with high development cost and low suitability. Starting from our observations, specialists in transport networks and spatial planning could make use of dedicated computation algorithms to identify and describe optimal routes for future infrastructure projects that would connect the southern and western parts of the country.
Application of positive matrix factorization and pollutants tracing for identification of dust sources: A case study in Khuzestan, Iran
Authors: Akbari Zahra , Kakuee Omidreza , Shahbazi Reza , Khatooni Javad Darvishi , Mashal Mahdi
Published: December 2021

In this study for identification of internal and external origins of dust events in the southwest of Iran, for the first time, a comprehensive dust sampling was performed in nine regions of Khuzestan over the four seasons. The dust samples were analyzed using INAA nuclear technique. Factors obtained from applying the PMF Modeling indicated five kinds of pollutant sources which include 1) Sedimentary surface soil/dried bed of wetlands, 2) steel and metalworking industries, 3) refineries, 4) waste, and 5) solid fuel as well as oil fuel power plants. These identified sources were used as the tracers to identify the internal dust sources. Investigation of NASA AOT images and the synoptic data at the event dates showed that in the period of mid-autumn up to the early winter, dust events had external origins, that are mainly situated in Iraq and Saudi Arabia, while in the period of mid-summer to early autumn and mid-winter up to the early spring, the internal sources such as mud-salt zones or areas with fine sediments with evaporitic deposits and puffy grounds in the regions between Omidieh - Mahshahr, south, and southeast of Ahvaz, “Dasht-E-Azadegan,” and dried bed of Hoor-Al-Azim are more dominant.
The Northern Drakensberg Cableway: An Unworkable yet Immortal Development
Authors: Heath Gavin Edward Craig
Published: December 2021

This study explores the proposed ‘Drakensberg Cableway’ in the Northern Drakensberg. This cableway project is mired in ongoing controversy with both the consultation process and feasibility study heavily criticised. The proposed site of the cableway borders a world heritage site, is within a culturally sensitive area and prone to highly variable weather, including thunderstorms and high winds. The purpose of this study was to garner the views of a mountain user group in South Africa regarding the proposed cableway using a questionnaire survey. Respondents were overwhelmingly not in favour of the development. Users noted several serious concerns ranging from economic, environmental, statutory and political impacts. In particular, the proposed cableway appears financially unsustainable due to low tourist numbers. Additionally, the infrastructure required will have a deleterious effect on the natural environment. It appears that lessons from South Africa’s other two cableways, in terms of economic impacts, environmental issues and weather-related risks, have not been considered. While the provincial KwaZulu-Natal government may punt the proposed cableway as a ‘silver bullet’ solution for the development and social issues bedevilling the area; the project may instead even exacerbate already fraught social and environmental conditions, both at the proposed lower cableway and upper cableway station. Government officials touting this project need to recognise that tourism development in peripheral mountain areas has to proceed within a much wider social and cross-sectoral economic development context.
The impact of COVID-19 on trade relations between Russia and Spain: contributions from the Iberian country
Authors: Vallina Rodríguez A. , Camarero Bullon C. , Moreno  Bueno T.
Published: December 2021

It is undeniable to note that the  ties  between  countries, especially cultural,  historical,  economic   and   geopolitical,  are   rooted    in the  political foundations that have been laid  between nations and countries throughout the  process of  shaping what today is known as  international  relations,  a  discipline that  has  become  one  of the  most relevant for understanding the  contemporary world. Starting from  the  premise that human groups,  and hence the  forms  of their organization,  permanently  establish  social  links  and  interactions that constitute the   dynamic substrate  of  all  societies, it would  be appropriate to analyze how  they materialize in a specific bilateral sphere, for which a key aspect of mutual economic interests between the Russian Federation and Spain has been chosen. From an economic perspective and through the  analysis of statistics on foreign trade of goods, foreign investment and trade barriers, this research will address the  evolution of trade relations  over  the  last five  years, focusing on the  international trade situation that has occurred since the  global COVID-19 pandemic and created a multiplicity  of opportunities and challenges for trade and investment between the  two states in health sector.
Relations between Brazil and Spain under the Bolsonaro’s government
Authors: Esteves A. L.
Published: December 2021

In this  article the   author examines in detail the   bilateral relations between Spain and Brazil during  the  presidency of  Jair Bolsonaro. In addition, the subject of this article is the opposition of EU governments to the   environmental  policies of  the   South  American country and the  disastrous policies of the  Brazilian authorities in the  fight  against the    COVID-19   pandemic.   President   Bolsonaro’s   negligence   of climate change  and Amazon deforestation has prompted European governments to openly oppose the  ratification of the  Mercosur – EU Free Trade Agreement, which  was signed in 2019 after 20 years of negotiations. In May  2016, the   parties agreed on  reciprocal terms, resulting in signing  of the  agreement. It also  included the  exchange of goods and services, essential investments and public procurements. All this was done in the  context of a global policy of protectionism amid a weakening role of the  WTO as a supporter of the  trade liberalization process.  Despite its  success,  countries such  as France,  Austria  and the  Netherlands stand against the  Mercosur – EU trade deal, which can halt  its  ratification. The  Spanish government, on  the   contrary, is lobbying for  ratification of  the   agreement. Madrid,  interested in benefiting from the  Bolsonaro government’s liberal economic policies, maintains strong ties  with  its  South  American partner.  The  author analyzes  the   transformation  of  Spain  from   a relatively  irrelevant partner of  Brazil in the   20th century to one of  the   main  investors directing significant resources to the Brazilian economy. We also assess the  results and challenges of the  Brazil – Spain strategic partnership in a broader context of the  Brazil – EU relations.
Trends in scientific thought in economics and management
Authors:   International Science Group, Цюцяк Андрій , Цюцяк Ігор , Безуглий А. , Макієвський О. , Комар В. , Кулік А. , Дубровик-Рохова А, , Громоздова Л. , Ілляшенко І. , Халецька З. , Проварський Р. , Смірнова О. , Данилишин Б. , Баранник З. , Аблова О. , Артеменко А. , Волошин О. , Кашина Г. , Єранкін О. , Ткаченко І. , Швець Т. , Заднепровська С. , Galushkina Tatiana , Butrym Oksana , Baranovska Vanda , Afanasieva Olga , Zaruba Dmytro , Денисенко Микола , Бреус Світлана , Подзігун Світлана , Пачева Наталія , Точиліна Юлія , Blahun Ivan , Kozyk Vasyl , Vorobets Stepan , Voytsekhovska Viktoriya , Zahoretska Olena , Mishchenko Volodymyr , Drugova Olena , Kochetova Tetyana , Mykytiuk Oksana , Onysenko Tetiana , Kravchenko Tetiana , Magomedova Alina , Petrenko Kateryna , Voytsekhovska Yuliya , Salvadori Maria Giulia , Ващенко О. , Марко І. , Дмитренко А. , Довгенко Я. , Самойленко А. , Ревина Ирина , Русин-Гриник Р. , Яворський С. , Рєпіна І. , Махортов Ю. , Телічко Н. , Яременко Л. , Дербеньова Я. , Фалдина В. , Бовсунівська А. , Tkachuk Natalia , Tretyakova Olena , Kharabara Violetta , Greshko Roman , Піхоцький Володимир , Піхоцька Ольга , Шило Жанна , Павліченко Олена , Коломієць Наталія , Гіржева Ольга , Бірченко Наталія , Шевченко Інна , Потапенко Станіслав , Bilorus Tetiana , Granaturov Vladimir , Vorobiyenko Petro , Korablinova Iryna , Vdovychenko Volodymyr , Ivanov Igor , Voronina Alevtyna , Shepel Olha , Moроз Людмила , Мізіна О. , Драб Наталія , Костюк Тетяна , Франчук Микола , Малюк Людмила , Варипаєва Людмила , Перешибкіна Софія
Published: December 2021

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Ruta graveolens, Pelargonium graveolens E Hibiscus cannabinus COMO INIBIDORES NATURAIS DO CRESCIMENTO DE Candida albicans
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – Unidade Ibirité, Ibirité, MG, Brasil., Reis Camila Mara dos , Azevedo Letícia Maria Soares ,   Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – Unidade Ibirité, Ibirité, MG, Brasil., Casteluber Marisa Cristina da Fonseca ,   Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – Unidade Ibirité, Ibirité, MG, Brasil.
Published: December 2021

Candidiasis is an infection caused by fungi of the genus Candida, Candida albicans being the species that most causes the disease in Brazil. The Fluconazole is the conventional medicine used as a treatment of these infections; however, it causes many adverse reactions in the patient and its continued use can induce the resistance of the pathogen. The medicinal plants can be very effective as an alternative treatment of diseases and have been used in folk medicine for years. In this study, it was evaluated the antifungal activity of extracts of Ruta graveolens, Pelargonium graveolens and Hibiscus cannabinus against the fungal development of Candida albicans, comparing the efficiency of these extracts to Fluconazole. The extracts were prepared in the concentration of 1g of the plant for each 5 mL of alcohol 70%. The data were obtained using the agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) was performed, and showed that R. graveolens was able of inhibiting 100% of the pathogen when using 100 mg.ml-1 concentration. From the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that R. graveolens was the most effective extract when compared to Fluconazole, suggesting that this extract can be used as an alternative to conventional treatment to improve the efficiency of current treatments. The extracts of P. graveolens and H. cannabinus also presented antifungal activity but in smaller proportion than Fluconazole. The data from this study suggests that R. graveolens extract can be tested in future in vivo studies with the objective of proposing its use in alternative or simultaneous treatment of the synthetic drug used.
Da estética realista ao pós-clássico nos filmes de Cacá Diegues
Authors: Muanis Felipe
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é traçar uma discussão a partir das escolhas estéticas entre dois filmes do diretor de cinema Cacá Diegues que tematizam o circo. Separados um do outro por 40 anos, as diferenças entre Bye, Bye Brasil (1980) e O grande circo místico (2018) vão além das suas técnicas, mas da forma como o diretor reatualiza seus parâmetros estéticos no cinema. Diegues era um dos cineastas mais atuantes do grupo do Cinema Novo, que tinha um compromisso com o realismo e com uma discussão política e estética do cinema brasileiro.Em direção oposta, O grande circo místico foge desse realismo. Sua imagem denuncia sua afinidade com uma estética mundializada do cinema, que dialoga com o que Thanouli entende como um cinema pós-clássico. Os filmes revelam a aproximação de Diegues com o poeta Jorge de Lima, na relação de seus respectivos trabalhos com o projeto moderno de suas épocas.
МЕТОДИКА ОБОБЩЁННОЙ ЧИСЛЕННОЙ
ОРГАНОЛЕПТИЧЕСКОЙ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА НАТУРАЛЬНЫХ
СИДРОВ, ОБОГАЩЁННЫХ СИРОПАМИ ИЗ ДИКОРАСТУЩИХ
ПЛОДОВ И ЯГОД
Authors: Кошкина А. , Альшевский Д. Л.
Published: December 2021

Для органолептической оценки качества и вкуса сидра с различными рецептурными

компонентами были разработаны две оценочные таблицы. Одна из таблиц позволяет оценить

общее впечатление о продукте и дать ему качественную оценку, вторая предназначена для

выявления основных вкусо-ароматических нот в сидре и установить типичные привкусы

вносимых сиропов из дикорастущего сырья, аналогично винному и кофейному колесу

ароматов.
Análisis fiscal de la nueva Constitución cubana de 2019
Authors:   Universidad de Pinar del Río, Cuba, Simón Otero Liana
Published: December 2021

Todo sistema tributario moderno está sustentado en la regulación constitucional del deber de contribuir, el que debe estar acompañado de un conjunto de principios tributarios que garantizan la justicia del sistema impositivo. En Cuba durante mucho tiempo el sistema tributario no tuvo amparo constitucional hasta que se aprobó en el año 2019 una nueva Constitución, que si bien vino a legitimar el sistema fiscal vigente, en materia tributaria no responde totalmente a los requerimientos económicos actuales.
Phase Transitions and Bifurcation Points in the Initiation Dynamics of Venture Emergence: A Conceptual Framework
Authors:   Department of Business Administration Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Akilu N. S
Published: December 2021

Based on isomorphic considerations, this paper attempts to establish an entrepreneur as complex adaptive system, which is one of the concepts that appear prominently in the field of complexity sciences. The attempt to equate the notion of an entrepreneur with the idea of a complex adaptive system, presupposes recognition of the entrepreneur’s role in adaptive agency. Along with this recognition, comes the convenience of contextualizing the concepts of phase transitions and bifurcation points in terms of venture emergence. The dynamics of these concepts are however more commonly explored within the workings of complex or dynamic physical systems. Yet, the broad applicability of the underlying ideas offers the possibility of identifying similar concepts in biological systems and by extension, the field of entrepreneurial cognition and behavior. Thus, the paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach and employs retroductive reasoning in the assemblage of relevant ideas, sought from diverse literary sources. The outcome is a conceptual framework, which presents certain propositions that offer implication for action.
Research of Samarkand State University on Central Sughd Monuments
Authors:   Doctoral student, Department of Archeology, Samarkand State University Uzbekistan, Young Yoo In
Published: December 2021

Sogdia is one of the oldest cultural centers not only in Uzbekistan but also in Central Asia. The development of the history of the oasis is extremely rich in historical and cultural monuments of different stages of development. We have recognized the richness of historical and cultural monuments of Zarafshan and Kashkadarya oasis because of archeological excavations in the region. The article deals with the archeological excavations carried out by researchers of the Samarkand Institute of Archeology and researchers of Samarkand State University in the early medieval monuments of Central Sughd.
Romania’s urban policy in the context of COVID-19 pandemic time
Authors: Antonescu Daniela
Published: December 2021

Under the conditions of frequent changes, of some edifying transformations and perpetual challenges, urban policy undergoes changes/adjustments/updates over certain time intervals. These changes generate increasingly more complex requirements that impose drafting a flexible multidisciplinary framework able to support the future development of a territory. In full debate-process, the new urban policy of Romania promotes sustainability, resilience and inclusive growth, on the background of a critical period under the dominance of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. This new policy brings around the discussion table experts from relevant fields: decision factors, urbanists, economists, architects, citizens, civic initiative groups, etc. The national urban policy must address all categories of urban areas (defined as a city area considered as the inner city plus built-up environs, irrespective of local body administrative boundaries), being fundamental in implementing the goals set by the New EU Urban Agenda, approved in the framework of the Habitat III conference of the United Nations (2016) and the new provisions of the New Leipzig Charter (2020). Urban policy must ensure a single planning framework that would support the implementation of the programs and projects financed from European and national funds, preparing thus the financial exercise 2021-2027. Considering the above mentioned, the present paper aims to review the important and strategic elements of the future urban policy from Romania and its role in promoting and supporting balanced territorial development under the conditions of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic crisis which is far from over.
A Smart Wing Rib Structure Suitable for Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) Process
Authors:   University of Strathclyde, Department of Design, Manufacture and Engineering Management (DMEM), Glasgow, Scotland, Dogea Ramona , Yan Xiu T ,   University of Strathclyde, Department of Design, Manufacture and Engineering Management (DMEM), Glasgow, Scotland, Millar Richard ,   National Manufacturing Institute Scotland – University of Strathclyde
Published: December 2021

Additive manufacturing has been adopted widely across various industries for producing parts mainly due to their ability to create complex geometries, eliminate material wastage and enable faster production rate, among others. Additive manufacturing has also increased design solution space by enabling exploration of mechatronic solutions for mechanical structures. This includes the integration of smart devices into wing structures to achieve a datadriven predictive maintenance-based system. For this, there is still the need to continuously explore various ways of integrating sensory capability into a mechanical structure during the manufacturing processes to ensure improvement and reliability of aircraft components. The scope of this paper was to analyse different wing rib geometries and the influence of embedding sensory capability via design for additive manufacturing process. In this work, three wing rib geometries with cut-outs and for sensory placement were designed and analysed to estimate their equivalent stress and deformation when such sensory locations are introduced. The results confirm the idea that it is feasible to introduce holding cavities for structural performance monitoring sensors without compromising the structural design requirements. The results also show that deformation and stress are highly dependent on the rib thickness and the insertion of sensory locations
Analisis Akad Pembiayaan Murabahah di Bank Syariah Indonesia Cabang Pringsewu
Authors: Irawan Sandi , Fasa Muhammad Iqbal , Ja’far A. Kumedi
Published: December 2021

Islam as ad-din contains comprehensive and perfect teachings. Islam regulates all aspects of human life, not only aspects of worship, but also aspects of muamalah, especially sharia economics. The Islamic economic system has developed along with the advancement of science and technology. One form of embodiment of the Islamic economic system is the establishment of Islamic financial institutions in the form of banks and non-banks. The role and position of Islamic financial institutions is considered very important, especially in the development of a people's economic system. This is because the priority of Islamic financial institutions is more focused on forming stronger economic fundamentals.