bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Ariflex tablet in comparison with diclofenac and aceclofenac tablet in carrageenan induced rat paw edema model
Authors: Nipanikar Sanjay , Chitlange Sohan S.
Published: September 2021

Background: Osteoarthritis is a major cause of pain and locomotor disability worldwide. Though various pharmacological, mechanical and surgical interventions are used, there is no known cure for OA. The present study was conducted to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of Ariflex tablet (conceptualized and developed by Ari Healthcare Pvt. Ltd.) in comparison with diclofenac and aceclofenac tablet in carrageenan induced rat paw edema model.Methods: Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150-180 g were taken and divided into 4 groups with 6 animals in each group i.e. group 1 (control group), group 2 (diclofenac tablet), group 3 (aceclofenac tablet) and group 4 (ariflex tablet). The study drugs were orally administered with feeding needle, 30 minutes prior to carrageenan injection. After 30 min 1% w/v of 0.05 ml carrageenan was injected subcutaneously in the rat paw. The paw was marked with ink at the level of lateral malleolus and immersed in mercury up to lateral malleolus mark. The paw volume was measured plethysmographically after injection at 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour, 4 hour and eventually at 5 hour.Results: All the test formulations possess statistically significant (p<0.05) anti-inflammatory activity as compared to control group. The maximum percentage inhibition for Ariflex tablet was 96.97% at the end of 5 hours. When compared to control group, statistically significant reduction of paw edema was observed. The anti-inflammatory activity of Ariflex tablet from 2 hours onwards is comparable to that of diclofenac tablet and aceclofenac tablet.Conclusions: Ariflex tablet possesses significant anti-inflammatory activity.
Effect of clinical rotation on attitude of medical students towards psychiatry and mental patients: a cross-sectional study from Western Rajasthan
Authors: Agrawal Aditi , Gehlot Sanjay , Singhal Ashok , . Amandeep
Published: September 2021

Background: People with mental illnesses experience extreme stigmatization and discrimination despite their ubiquitous presentation. Studies have reported that these negative stereotypes are shared by health care professionals too. Attitude of undergraduate medical students towards psychiatry is vital as it reflects their willingness to deal with psychiatric and behavioral disorders in general practice.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a government medical college in Rajasthan to explore the impact of sociodemographic variables and undergraduate psychiatry training on the attitude of medical students towards mental illness and psychiatry. 105 first year MBBS students and 75 interns participated in the study. Attitude towards mental illness (AMI) scale and attitude towards psychiatry-30 (ATP-30) scale were used to document AMI and ATP respectively. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and appropriate tests were used to compare mean scores of both groups.Results: There was no statistically significant difference on AMI and ATP scores between the undergraduate medical students and interns. Females, students belonging to urban setting and more educated families had a favorable attitude towards psychiatric patients. A notable shift in scores on ATP scale towards positive side was reflected between male MBBS students and interns and among students coming from rural background with exposure to medical curriculum.Conclusions: No attitude change was observed in majority of participants indicating need for greater emphasis on mental health and psychiatry.
Gender based variation of lipid abnormalities in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Jaidev Arpita , Shah Hitesh , Andrews Liggy , Vagheda Bhavisha N.
Published: September 2021

Background: Dyslipidemia has a varying pattern among the male and female patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: This study was conducted in the out-patient department (OPD) of department of medicine at GMERS, Patan, Gujarat from July 2020 to December 2020 for a period of six months. Fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c (FBS, HbA1c) lipid profile triacylglycerol-triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDLC) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software program.Results: A total number of 200 type 2 DM patients (100 males and 100 females) attending to GMERS OPD were recruited in this study. Blood sugar was higher than normal in both male and female (FBS=142.44±36.21, 146.40±41.49 respectively). TG level was also higher in two groups of study subjects with female level slightly more than male (164.99±67.1and 138.21±70 respectively) with no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).Total cholesterol and LDL-C level was within normal physiological level in both groups, where-as these levels were higher in female in comparison to male (TC=198.07±40.82 and 169.5±36.13 respectively, LDLC=118±34 and 99±27, respectively), showing significant difference between the groups (p=0.014). HDL-C was not below normal in both male (41±5.4) and female (43.99±4.31); however, HDL-C was slightly higher in female than male and the difference was significant (p=0.0129).Conclusions: Dyslipidemia was noticed in a greater proportion of female diabetic patients than male diabetic patients.
Histomorphology of germ cell tumors at various anatomic sites: a 5 years study at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Lateef Manal A. , Lone M. I.
Published: September 2021

Background: Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which occur in the gonads, and at extra gonadal sites of the body. The aim of the study was to observe the different histopathological patterns of various GCTs in the body at all possible sites and to know their IHC staining patterns.Methods: The study was conducted for a period of 5 years from 2015 to 2019 and was an observational study. The recorded data was compiled and entered in a spreadsheet and then exported to data editor of SPSS Version 20.0. Continuous variables were expressed as mean SD and categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages. Graphically the data was presented by bar and pie diagrams Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was applied for comparing categorical values. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. All p values were 2 tailed.Results: A total of 93 cases were analyzed and the mean age of the patients was 27.8 years. Mature cystic teratoma was the most common histopathological variant and was mostly seen in the ovaries. There was a difference in age predilection of benign and malignant tumors. Most of the malignant GCTs were gonadal while EGCTs were likely to be benign. MGCTs (mixed GCTs) were mostly testicular in origin with only one MGCT being extragonadal.Conclusions: Mature cystic teratomas were the most frequent GCTs with frequent site being in ovaries. Out 0f 18 EGCTs only 2 were malignant, rest all were mature cystic teratomas.
Intentional replantation: case report
Authors: Duque-Urióstegui Cristhal , Alvarez Hernández Luis A. , Muñoz-Ramírez Yanirethe I. , Vallejo Ochoa Verónica , Méndez Hernández Noemí , González Madó Karen I. , Poceros Angeles Emmanuel , Briseño Flores Carlos , Duque-Urióstegui Carla B. , Corona Maya Alicia M. , Castañeda-Palacios Gabriela , Barrera-Mera Baltazar , Valderrama -Treviño Alan I.
Published: September 2021

Intentional reimplantation is a procedure in which an intentional tooth extraction is performed followed by reinsertion of the extracted tooth. We present the case of a 50-year-old male patient who came to the consultation due to incrustation detachment in tooth #37, when performing the radiographic study an extensive apical lesion was observed in tooth #36 with a sinuous path and the presence of purulent exudate. The tooth #36 was extracted, apicoectomy, retro preparation and retrograde filling were carried out for later reimplantation, showing bone regeneration after one year of evolution.
Management in patient with rheumatoid arthritis and tuberculous arthritis: a case report
Authors: Huwae Thomas E. C. J. , Santoso Agung R. B. , Heifan Ahmad , Siahaan Lasa D.
Published: September 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is mainly treated with immunosuppressive drugs, which affects the immunological system. Therefore, the risk of tuberculosis was increased two to ten times in RA patients. Moreover, immunosuppressant is contraindicated in patients with tuberculosis arthritis. A 51-year-old male was presented with pain in his left elbow after he slipped on the floor. He was diagnosed with RA for 16 years and only took prednisone for six years. Six months before, he came to a rheumatologist and was given corticosteroid for six months for RA. The left elbow radiograph and joint aspiration revealed a tuberculosis infection. The patient treated with chloroquine and oral antituberculosis for one year and showed good clinical outcomes. Other diseases should be suspected in RA with uncommon symptoms. Chloroquine is the drug of choice in RA patients with tuberculosis who are contraindicated in immunosuppressant therapy because chloroquine has no immunosuppressant effect.
C-reactive protein, as a marker for predicting acute appendicitis and its severity in KVG medical college and hospital, Sullia
Authors: Ramu Abhirup H. , Kenchetty Priyanka , Chidananda Aishwarya K.
Published: September 2021

Background: Appendicectomy for suspected acute appendicitis is a common procedure. The rate of normal appendices unnecessarily removed remains high despite several techniques and investigations used to improve the diagnostic accuracy. This study emphasizes the value of C reactive protein (CRP) in three groups of patients operated for clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis with different finding at appendicectomy namely an un-inflamed appendix, uncomplicated acute appendicitis or complicated acute appendicitis.Methods: This prospective study was performed on 100 consecutive patients who were operated on for treatment of acute appendicitis in KVG medical college and hospital between 01 August 2019 to 01 February 2021. Clinically proven by a surgeon, patients underwent appendicectomy. Serum CRP results of all patients were determined. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. Statistical analysis will be made using descriptive statistic and SPSS version 21 was used for analysis.Results: The percentage of negative laparotomies was 13% and surgeon ‘s clinical suspicion was true in 87%. Preoperative CRP values were false negative in 21 patients with appendicitis and false positive in 2 patients with normal appendix. The difference of true and false results between CRP tests and surgeon’s diagnosis was statistically significant (p=0.001). Present study revealed, sensitivity=76%, specificity=87.5%, positive predictive value=96% and negative predictive value=41%.Conclusions: Serum C reactive protein when elevated supports the surgeon’s clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. It can be used frequently to diagnosis the acute appendicitis, so that the complication rate and negative laparotomies can be avoided.
Study of 46 nephrectomies in rural India
Authors: Gond Pratik , Gangwal Mayur , Jorwekar Gokul J. , Wagholikar Hrushikesh , Talreja Ruchita
Published: September 2021

Background: The first planned nephrectomy was performed by the German surgeon Gustav Simon on August 2, 1869 in Heidelbergs since then nephrectomy has been an essential part of urologic practice. Elective nephrectomy is done for both benign and malignant diseases of the kidney. The objective of this study was to know the various causes their pre-op factors like age, gender, laterality of disease, and intra operative factors like duration of surgery, blood loss and post-operative complications and histopathological report of the nephrectomy specimens of elective nephrectomy in a rural medical college of IndiaMethods: In our series, we have studied all the elective nephrectomies done in Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni during a span of three years from January 2018 to March 2021.Results: We have analyzed 46 cases of nephrectomies regarding their pre-op factors like age, gender, laterality of disease, and intra operative factors like duration of surgery, blood loss and post-operative complications and histopathological report of the nephrectomy specimens. Out of 46 cases, 21 were males and 26 females. Comparing the laterality right nephrectomy was done in 41% cases and left nephrectomy in 59% cases. In our series, 76% cases of nephrectomies were done for benign causes and 24% cases for malignant causes. Among the benign causes, pyelonephritis was the leading cause followed by neglected renal calculi and resultant non-functional kidney. On the other hand, renal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant pathology requiring nephrectomy.Conclusions: In our series, majority cases of nephrectomies were done for benign causes.
Impact of corona pandemic on paediatric surgical services: an institutional experience
Authors: Yadav Ramdhani , Keshri Rupesh , Chaubey Digamber , Prasad Ramjee , Kumar Pranay , Bakhteyar Asjad K. , Rahul Sandip K.
Published: September 2021

Background: Corona-virus disease pandemic affected the health-care delivery at all institutions worldwide. Analysis of institutional data regarding management of surgical paediatric patients would reflect the impact and challenges which this pandemic brought by affecting the only functioning Paediatric surgery center in a poor province of a developing country. Objective was assessment of the impact of the COVID pandemic on the paediatric surgical services of a tertiary care center.Methods: Retrospective data of all patients operated at the only functioning tertiary center in Bihar with pediatric surgical services during the COVID-related lockdown period were collected and compared to the immediate pre-lockdown period and after the lockdown period. The impact of following the guidelines for surgery during this period was studied.Results: Both the number (0.8 cases/day) and types of patients operated in the lockdown period varied from the pre-lockdown period (3.62 cases/day). Elective cases were most significantly affected; neonatal, traumatic and malignancy cases could not be deferred and were therefore managed during the lockdown. Although the number of surgeries increased in unlock-down period (2.07 cases/day) and reached to a peak of 2.99 cases/day in the normal period between two phases of the pandemic; this increase was short-lived as the second phase of the pandemic again severely impacted the surgical care (1.38 cases/day).Conclusions: Corona pandemic severely impacted both the number and types of patients operated. Strict adherence to the protocol delayed emergency treatment and increased the cost of definitive management.
Status of clinical profile and management of varicose veins in a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Tandon Atul
Published: September 2021

Background: Varicose veins are a widespread medical condition found in at least 10 percent of the general population. Symptoms of varicose veins range from asymptomatic varicose veins to more extreme symptoms such as ulceration and bleeding.Methods: Fifty-six cases of varicose veins of lower limb were evaluated by taking detailed history and by carrying out thorough clinical examination. Patients with features of varicose veins and its complications were included in the study while patients with secondary varicose veins due to deep vein thrombosis, recurrent varicose veins, pregnancy, and venous flow obstruction were excluded from the study.Results: It was more common in left lower limb then compared to right one, 26 (46.4%) patients developed in left and 23 (41.1%) patients in right lower limb. In the present study, right limb involvement of 41.1% and left limb involvement of 46.4%. In the present study bilateral involvement is seen in four patients (12.5%).Conclusions: Distributions of varicose veins of lower limbs is greater common in center age organization of 30 to 50 years (58.9%) with male predominance, career and own family history are the opposite contributory factors.
Gallbladder perforation with cholecystopleural fistula: a case report
Authors: Garza-Báez Pamela , Muñoz-Leija David , Fernandez-Reyes Bernardo A. , Quiroga-Garza Alejandro , Negreros-Osuna Adrian A.
Published: September 2021

The cholelithiasis is a common pathology, however, if left untreated may cause a gallbladder perforation (GBP). This complication can include local or generalized biliary spillage, or a fistulous communication to an adjacent organ. We report a case of a patient with cholecystopleural fistula in a 71-year-old male. Complicated cholelithiasis presented fistulous GBP into the right pleura cavity, progressing into an empyema. The diagnosis was made preoperatively with computed tomography, and the patient was treated with a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, thoracostomy tube, and a biliopleural fistulectomy. The postsurgical outcome was satisfactory, with uneventful follow-up 3 weeks after.
Laparoscopic choledochoduodenal anastomosis after bile duct injury in a patient with previous laparoscopic gastric bypass
Authors: Cuendis-Velázquez Adolfo , Pérez-López Francisco , Barlandas-Quintana Erika , Bada-Yllán Orlando , Ríos-Muñoz Braulio
Published: September 2021

Bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy remain a major problem in gastrointestinal surgery. Twenty five to thirty percent of bariatric patients could develop gallstone disease. However, laparoscopic cholecystectomy in this group may result challenging due to the presence of a previous Roux-en-Y reconstruction. We documented the successful case of 66 year old female with story of non-supplemented laparoscopic gastric bypass, with subsequent injury of bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy treated with a laparoscopic choledochoduodenal anastomosis. This technique offers an excellent alternative to solve highly complex cases in a single surgical time, allowing the patient to restore his original functionality prior to the biliary duct lesion.
A rare case of adult Wilms tumor: case report and literature review from a tertiary centre
Authors: Trivedi Sameer , Reddy K. Shridhar , Yadav Mahima , Agrawal Lalit Kumar , Kumar Ujwal , Singh Yashasvi
Published: September 2021

Nephroblastoma (Wilms’ tumour) in adult population is extremely rarefied scenario and has a poorer prognosis than paediatric Wilms’ tumour with an incidence of about 0.2 per million per year in the USA and Europe. Clinical presentation is also distinct between children and adults. In adults, manifestation is usually hematuria and abdominal pain while paediatric cases frequently present with an asymptomatic abdominal lump. It is arduous to demarcate adult Wilms’ tumour from renal cell carcinoma based on radiology alone. The final diagnosis in adult cases is often fortuitous following radical nephrectomy for presumed adult Renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Due to the lack of published discussion, there are no standard protocols for the management of adult Wilms tumour (WT) hence it is managed as per paediatric WT. In view of this, we report a case of adult WT in a 32-years-old female, who was diagnosed propitiously following right radical nephrectomy for an assumed right renal mass.
Avascular necrosis with non-union of the scaphoid managed with a dorsal pedicled vascularised bone graft of the distal radius – a case report
Authors: Rao Venkata Mahipathy Surya Rao , Durairaj Alagar Raja , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Jayachandiran Anand P. , Rajendran Suresh
Published: September 2021

Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the scaphoid is common following proximal pole fractures due to an arduous retrograde arterial vascular supply and it is a challenge to the hand surgeon. The treatment for scaphoid non-union with avascular necrosis is vascularized or non-vascularized bone grafts. Non vascularised bone grafts (NVBGs) can be categorized as autograft or allograft and cancellous or cortical bone grafts. Vascularised bone grafts promote biological healing and revascularizes ischaemic bone and they are free or pedicled grafts. Pedicled vascularised bone grafts maintain the vascular supply of the donor bone graft and this leads to better bone remodelling, less osteopenia, faster incorporation and better maintenance of bone mass compared to the non-vascularised graft with good clinical and radiological outcomes. In this paper, we have treated avascular necrosis of scaphoid with a pedicled vascularised bone graft based on the 1, 2 intercompartmental supraretinacular artery (1, 2-ICSRA) that resulted in a favourable outcome.
Management of post burn groin contracture: a case account
Authors: Narayan Naveen , Gowda Suhas NarayanaSwamy , Nagraj Ajay , Madhu Abhigna , Venugopal Vishnu
Published: September 2021

Similar to burns of the face, hands, and feet, groin and perineal burn injuries result in physical as well as psychosocial scarring for the patient. It often results in loss of functionality which is usually out of proportion to the percentage of burns. Hence, these burns are classified as major burns. Direct injury to the genitalia can lead to sexual dysfunction. In such circumstances, the treatment plan should comprehensively look into even psychosocial aspects of the patient. Both functional and cosmetic appearance should be the primary concern. With scarcely available burns unit and dedicated hospitals in India to treat burns, patients often develop severe contractures without proper post burns care. Most of the burn patients end up being treated by staff without special training in burn care. A variety of surgical procedures in post burn contractures of groin and perineum have been described all aimed to achieve satisfactory functional and cosmetic outcome. However, advantages of long-term care with regular physiotherapy, use of pressure garments, and massaging with emollient creams should not be overlooked and cannot be overemphasized. We present such a case of a young female with poor post burns care which resulted in post burn contracture of the groin and perineal area and had to endure with inconveniences. Patient was treated in our department adequately.
Surgical management of gynaecomastia by using cross chest liposuction and limited periareolar incision for gland excision: an interesting case report
Authors: Gupta Madhusoodan , Varshney Deepti
Published: September 2021

Gynaecomastia is excessive or abnormal enlargement of male breast tissue. It is one of a common problem among young men. The term gynaecomastia means female like enlargement of male breast due to increase ductal tissue, stroma or fat. Most common cause of gynaecomastia is idiopathic. Surgical treatment of gynaecomastia involves liposuction and glandular excision and in few cases skin excision. Here author presents a case of 24 years old young healthy male with Simon’s grade 2B bilateral gynaecomastia. He had stubborn fat over bilateral chest which was resistant to exercise. Gynaecomastia was mixed type in characteristic having adipose tissue as well as glandular tissue enlargement. Bilateral liposuction and glandular excision by limited periareolar incision under general anesthesia as a day care procedure was done. In our procedure we used Cross chest liposuction. Patient was discharged at the same evening without any complications. After four months of follow up patient has male pattern chest with almost invisible scar and intact Nipple areolar complex (NAC) sensation.
Foreseeable challenges in developing telesurgery for low income and middle-income countries
Authors: Tamalvanan Vethunan
Published: September 2021

Advancement in tele surgery or long distance telerobotic surgery is an intriguing prospect achieve equitable reach of global surgical services. In realization of this dream there are multiple of challenges as to telesurgery establishment and operation in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC). As of current market status, telesurgery is costly and not practical for the austere settings in these countries. “Telesurgery for a truly global surgery” is a realisable dream for the fore coming future. Affordable robotic surgical platforms, assistance from manufacturing companies to establish robotic platforms, introduction of 5G networking technology, international collaboration to unify efforts in telesurgery, and secure networking framework for a hassle free telesurgery network; are few formidable suggestions for implementing telesurgery in a global scale.
Hyperuricemia in patients with pulmonary hypertension: A study in a tertiary care center
Authors: Raju C H , Ravindranath M
Published: September 2021

Pulmonary Hypertension is one of a life-threatening disease with high rate of patient mortality. Decreased cardiac output and tissue hypoxia is measured using Uric acid as a marker for assessment of pulmonary hypertension.

75 patients who were diagnosed with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of >22mmHg were categorized as group A and 75 healthy patients were considered to be Group B. Blood was collected for Uric acid, creatinine and total Bilirubin estimation. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure as well as the ventricular function of the patients was evaluated using Colour Doppler ECG and a value of ≥50 mmHg, or a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (at rest) of ≥25 mmHg was taken and the right arterial pressure was calculated. Using the Simpson’s formula, the right and left ventricular ejaculation factors (RVEF, LVEF) were calculated.

The serum uric acid levels among the patients were 8.3±1.4mg/dL, creatinine levels were 2.1 ± 0.5 mg/dL, and the total bilirubin levels were 1.9 ± 0.8 mg/dL all of which was significantly higher than the controls. The uric acid levels were also positively correlated to the NHYA class. The blood pressure and the pulmonary arterial pressure were also higher than that of the controls. The correlation was done between the elevated uric acid and ejection fractions and the correlation coefficients of MPAP, LVEF, RVEF and the NYHA class were all significantly associated and the values were 0.394, -0.513, -0.467 and 0.38 respectively.

High serum uric acid levels is significantly associated with higher blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure and NYHA class. High serum uric acid levels can be a reliable prognostic marker for the detection of pulmonary hypertension. Early therapy may help in the reduction of mortality rate.
Ride-hailing and (dis)Advantage: Perspectives from Users and Non-users
Authors: Oviedo Daniel , Scorcia Yisseth , Scholl Lynn
Published: September 2021

The introduction of ride-hailing in cities of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remains a relatively new topic in regional research and a contentious issue in local policy and practice. Evidence regarding users and how do they differ from non-users is scarce, and there is little documented evidence about how user preferences and perceptions may influence the uptake of ride-hailing. This paper uses primary data from a survey collected from users and non-users of ride-hailing in Bogotá during 2019 to develop a Latent Class Analysis Model (LCA) to identify clusters of users and non-users of ride-hailing. The paper builds on results from the LCA to reflect on conditions of advantage and disadvantage that may make ride-hailing attractive and beneficial for particular social groups. The paper identifies four unique clusters: Carless middle-income ride-hailing users, Disadvantaged non-users, Young middle-class non-users, and Advantaged ride-hailing users. The research uses data on such perceptions to draw insights that may inform commercial and policy decisions. Findings suggest that issues such as the perception of legality in ride-hailing and aversion to crime play a significant role in the choice of such a mode in the context of Bogotá, particularly among socially and transport advantaged users.
Programa formativo en ciberseguridad para América Latina y el Caribe
Authors: Nowersztern Ariel , Paz Santiago , Kagelmacher Darío , Cabral Berenfus Florencia , Libedinsky Pablo , Ribagorda Arturo , Tapiador Juan , De Fuentes José María , González Lorena
Published: September 2021

El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y el grupo Computer Security Lab (COSEC) de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (U3CM) presentan un programa de estudios de Maestría en Ciberseguridad desarrollado para uso libre y gratuito, orientado a las universidades de la región de América Latina y el Caribe. El diseño de este programa se nutrió de la amplia experiencia docente y de investigación de la UC3M, y es fruto de un esfuerzo compartido con 68 instituciones académicas de la región, las cuales reflejaron sus necesidades y recomendaciones a través de encuestas y talleres de discusión. Este programa se une a muchos otros esfuerzos que el BID ha venido impulsando en los últimos años para acercar conocimiento experto, contribuir a cerrar la brecha de enseñanza y de profesionales en ciberseguridad en la región, y continuar alentando el desarrollo digital en nuestras sociedades.
Providing Access, Serving Programs, and Inclusiveness; a Tripartite Model for Graduate Schools
Authors: Windchief Sweeney
Published: September 2021

The objective of this paper is to address critical questions and issues related to academic support and inclusivity for graduate students in the context of graduate education. Graduate school leadership, underrepresented student participation, and affirmative action are examined to ascertain connectivity to support the benefits of diversity. A comprehensive, tripartite model is provided to guide institutions specifically by assisting graduate school administrators who are charged to improve inclusiveness regarding academic programs and departments. This model can help provide services and award funding with a level of precision that avoids inarticulate support by delineating the different needs that programs have.
Unpacking Refugee Flight: Critical Content Analysis of Picturebooks Featuring Refugee Protagonists
Authors: Strekalova-Hughes Ekaterina
Published: September 2021

In this paper, I analyze representations of refugee flight in children’s literature to extrapolate related assumptions about power and agency. The findings suggest that picturebooks tend to adhere to refugee flight as a bureaucratic process and refugee as an institutionally imposed standardized identity. Specifically, stories canonically mirror the legal UNHCR definition of a refugee, establishing forced-to-flee narratives, centering persecution, and corroborating well-founded fear. Collectively, stories mask what leads to persecution and distribute power to essentialized “safe” countries resettling refugees. The implications call for diversity of representation and invite teachers to critically unpack contexts of refugee flight.
Striving for Parity: Classroom Collaboration of University Ethnic Diversity Students in Ecuador
Authors: Carrick Oliver James
Published: September 2021

This interdisciplinary study aimed to explore the relationship between university students’ participation in community development activities and their collaboration in the classroom. The students concerned form part of an ethnic diversity program in the Ecuadorian capital city Quito. Findings demonstrate the potential for collaborative assignments to exacerbate conditions of inequality, and the belief that experiences and skills gained during participation in community development are transferable to group learning activities. Finally, like other factors impeding effective collaboration, conditions of inequality highlight the necessity for strategies to manage collaborative learning groups within the classroom.
Enfrentamiento epistemológico entre Hegel y Kant
Authors: López Niño Alan Tonatiuh
Published: September 2021

La presente investigación ciñe su interés en llevar a cabo un análisis del pensamiento hegeliano-kantiano utilizado para construir el concepto de sustancia como sujeto y su relación con la formación del conocimiento real dentro de la conciencia. Por tanto, comenzamos teorizando desde el postulado de la filosofía kantiana dónde se desarrolla el significado de nóumeno y sus consecuencias en el terreno práctico visto desde su obra Crítica de la razón pura. Partimos de este escenario porque, consideramos que gran parte de la explicación epistemológica de la Fenomenología del espíritu enunciada por Hegel, se edifica a raíz de su confrontación con el criticismo de Kant. En conclusión, la especificidad de los problemas y controversias que ambas filosofías comparten, hacen necesario reflexionar y esclarecer sus apreciaciones acerca de la concepción del conocimiento, aunado a que, para educadores, psicólogos y sociólogos es imprescindible desentrañar las formas en que se concibe el conocimiento y, por tanto, la constitución de lo real desde ambas posturas epistemológicas.
Reseña. Hegel psíquico I (del alma) de León Rozitchner
Authors: Quitian Murcia John Jairo
Published: September 2021

Reseña del libro Hegel Psíquico I (del alma) León Rozitchner (2015). Ediciones Biblioteca Nacional. 128 pp.
Alternativa de biorremediación a partir de residuos de cacao en la obtención de hongos Pleurotus ostreatus con la implementación de un análisis multicriterio
Authors: Ortiz García Juan Esteban , Mejía Agudelo Yisel , González Morales David Eduardo , García-Alzate Luz Stella , Cifuentes-Wchima Ximena
Published: September 2021

La producción de cacao Theobroma cacao L. en Colombia evidencia un crecimiento promedio de 6,48 % en los últimos 10 años; lo cual ha desencadenado problemáticas ambientales, debido a que solo el 10 % del fruto es utilizado para la industria agronómica. El objetivo de esta investigación fue aprovechar el residuo derivado de la producción de cacao en la obtención de hongos Pleurotus ostreatus como técnica de biorremediación con la implementación de un análisis multicriterio del cultivo. La cáscara se caracterizó fisicoquímicamente con los parámetros de pH, lignina y celulosa, entre otros. Posteriormente, se empleó como sustrato para el cultivo de hongos y se realizó la evaluación del flujo de lixiviados del cultivo a través del análisis multicriterio con ponderaciones de variables físico-ambientales. La caracterización fisicoquímica de la cáscara reportó un pH de 5,47±0,004; un porcentaje de humedad del 84,345±0,002 y de lignina y celulosa del 45,227±0,184 y 30,700±0,753; respectivamente; en la obtención del hongo, se observó la aparición de los primordios a los 16 días y del hongo para cosechar a los 21 días, lo cual redujo los residuos en un 60 %; en el análisis multicriterio, las ponderaciones arrojaron un flujo medio de lixiviados en el tercer trimestre del año 2018, lo que indica que los lixiviados fluyen por medio del drenaje hidrológico. Para concluir, la caracterización y el crecimiento del hongo, determinan que la cáscara funciona como sustrato para la obtención de hongos Pleurotus ostreatus, y es una alternativa de biorremediación de uso agronómico, donde la información del análisis multicriterio permite decisiones oportunas sobre el cultivo.
Nanopartículas de plata funcionalizadas in situ con D-limoneno: efecto en la actividad antibacteriana
Authors: Echeverry-Chica Julian , Naranjo-Díaz Andrea , Araque-Marín Pedronel
Published: September 2021

Este estudio se centró en la formulación y caracterización de nanopartículas de plata (AgNP) funcionalizadas con d-limoneno. Las nanopartículas se funcionalizaron por inversión de fase y la síntesis de las nanopartículas se realizó in situ; se determinó el tamaño de partícula por difracción laser, potencial zeta y estabilidad coloidal óptica utilizando Multiscan 20 por un periodo de 24 horas a 37 °C; se determinó la concentración mínima inhibitorio (CMI) y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) del material formulado sobre las bacterias Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 700324, Enterococcus casseliflavus ATCC 700327, Escherichia coli BLEE+, Pseudomona aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos. Las nanopartículas presentaron estabilidad coloidal a una concentración de d-limoneno del 3,93 %, iones plata al 1,61x0-3 %, coadyuvante no iónico al 24 % y ácido ascórbico al 5,88 %; cómo sistema regulador se utilizó ácido cítrico/citrato (1:1) 0,48M para un pH de 4,5. La formulación se clasificó como un sistema polidisperso (PD = 0,0851), con una potencial zeta de -11,6 mV y tamaño promedio de partícula de 81,5 ± 0,9 nm. Se evidenció una velocidad de migración de partícula de -0,199 ± 0,006 mm h-1, un perfil de transmisión constante y perfil de retrodispersión con variaciones del 10 %, lo que representa una formulación estable. Las nanopartículas presentaron una CMI y una CMB de 28 μg mL-1 (5,6x10-2 % d-limoneno y 4,7x10-5 % AgNP) contra todas las bacterias probadas.
Predictores de innovación en programas de ingeniería y postgrado utilizando estrategias basadas en plataformas digitales
Authors: Nieto-Sánchez Zulmary Carolina , Vergel-Ortega Mawency , Gómez-Vergel Carlos Sebastián
Published: September 2021

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar los elementos que se constituyen en predictores de innovación en programas de ingeniería y postgrado, cuando se hace uso de estrategias de formación basadas en plataformas digitales. Estos medios fueron la plataforma de apoyo docente PLAD de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander en Colombia, y el chat de WhatsApp. Se trabajó con una muestra de 550 estudiantes de instituciones educativas de la ciudad de Cúcuta y Arauca en Colombia, y Táchira y Maracaibo en Venezuela, pertenecientes a Facultades de Ingenierías y Ciencias Básicas. Se trató de un estudio bajo el paradigma cuantitativo, diseño de campo y nivel correlacional, el cual derivó en un modelo matemático de predicción con la respectiva valoración de la significancia de las variables consideradas predictoras de innovación a través de la medida de varianza con el Alpha de Cronbach. Se concluye que el desarrollo de competencias en innovación a través de las plataformas digitales seleccionadas está determinado en el modelo por variables con alta fiabilidad, siendo éstas el desarrollo del pensamiento lógico, la competencia metodológica y de investigación, y la formación técnica previa del estudiante, arrojando un coeficiente de determinación R2 de 0.95 en pregrado, y de 0.875 en postgrado, a un nivel de significación del 5%.
Tribocorrosión: historia, propiedades, aplicaciones y modelamiento
Authors: Peña-Ballesteros Darío Yesid
Published: September 2021

La tribocorrosión es el área de conocimiento encarga de estudiar la unión de los fenómenos tribológicos y la corrosión. En esta nota editorial se presenta, a groso modo, aspectos a destacar de la tribocorrosión, se señala la relevancia practica de este campo de investigación para la ciencia de materiales y la ingeniería mecánica. Se relaciona la historia de tribocorrosión, diversas variables a considerar, algunos campos de aplicación identificados y se discute sobre los múltiples desafíos que se presentan en el modelamiento de los sistemas de tribocorrosión.
Multi-Target Learning Algorithm for Solar Radiation Components Forecasting Based on the Desired Tilt Angle of a Solar Energy System
Authors: Jallal Mohammed Ali , El Yassini Abdessalam , Chabaa Samira , Zeroual Abdelouhab , Ibnyaich Saida
Published: September 2021

Solar radiation components (SRC) forecasting with different tilt angles plays a key role for planning, managing, and controlling the solar energy system production. To overcome the gaps related to the intermittence and to the absence of SRC data, an accurate predictive model needs to be established. The main goal of the present work is to develop for solar system engineers and grid operators a precise predictive approach based on multi-target learning algorithm to forecast the hourly SRC measurements that is related to the city of Marrakesh (latitude 31°37′N, longitude 08°01′W, elevation 466m), Morocco, received by different inclined solar panels’ surfaces. For this purpose, eight training algorithms (Resilient back Propagation (Rp), One step secant (OSS), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) Algorithm, Fletcher-Reeves algorithm (Cgf), Polak-Ribiere algorithm (Cgp), Powell-Beale algorithm (Cgb), gradient descent (Gd) algorithm and scaled conjugate gradient algorithm (Scg)) are tested to optimize the developed approach’s parameters. The forecasting results were performed based on the angle of inclination desired by the operator and some accessible meteorological measurements that are recorded at each hour, comprising time variables. The achieved performance demonstrates the stability and the accuracy of the established approach to estimate the hourly SRC time series compared to several recent literature studies.
Sniffer: A Device for Sampling Gases from River
Authors: Gervaix Jonathan , Breil Pascal , Poly Franck , Namour Philippe
Published: September 2021

Description and validation of a new simple, inexpensive iso-pressure device for quantitative measurements of gas emissions in river (the SNIFFER for "Sampler of Natural InFluxes of Foul Emissions from River sediment"). The Sniffer was validated, during two field campaigns, a first in winter (18/12/13 to 20/02/14) and a second in spring (16/04/14 to 14/05/14) on a stream receiving some organic matter from a combined sewer overflow. The measured CH4 emissions are of the order of 0.50 L/(m2.day). This production is far from negligible and commits us to reconsider the contribution of water systems in total greenhouse gas emissions.
First Responder Safety in the Event of a Dirty Bomb Detonation in Urban Environment
Authors: Biancotto Sergio , Malizia Andrea , Contessa Gian Marco , D’Arienzo Marco , Solbiati Mauro Mattavelli
Published: September 2021

The malevolent dispersion of radioactive material, with the aim of contaminating people and the environment, is considered a credible terroristic threat. This article analyzes a hypothetical Dirty Bomb detonation in an urban area, estimating the radiological consequences to the involved population and to first responders. The dispersion of radioactive material is simulated using the HOTSPOT code, considering the explosion of devices containing (alternatively) 60Co, 137Cs, 192Ir, 238Pu or 241Am sources, frequently used in medical or industrial settings. Each source is evaluated separately. The resulting ground deposition is used to calculate the effective dose received by first responders in two different scenarios. Based on the dispersed radionuclide, the influence of the use of personal protective respirators is analyzed. Confirming previous published results, this article illustrates that the radioactive material is diluted by the detonation, resulting in relatively low doses to the general public. However, the emergency workers’ stay time in the most contaminated area must be carefully planned, in order to limit the received dose. Due to the general fear of radiation, extensive psychological effects are expected in the public, irrespective of the evaluated radiation dose.
Drones and Sensors Ecosystem to Maximise the “Storm Effects” in Case of CBRNe Dispersion in Large Geographic Areas
Authors: Martellucci Luca , Chierici Andrea , Di Giovanni Daniele , Fumian Francesca , Malizia Andrea , Gaudio Pasquale
Published: September 2021

The advancements in the field of robotics, specifically in the aerial robotics, combined with technological improvements of the capability of drones, have increased dramatically the use of these devices as a valuable tool in a wide range of applications. From civil to commercial and military area, the requirements in the emerging application for monitoring complex scenarios that are potentially dangerous for operators give rise to the need of a more powerful and sophisticated approach. This work aims at proposing the use of swarm drones to increase plume detection, tracking and source declaration for chemical releases. The several advantages which this technology may lead to this research and application fields are investigated, as well as the research and technological activities to be performed to make swarm drones efficient, reliable, and accurate.
Recovery Method for Emergency Situations with Hazardous Substances Emission into the Atmosphere
Authors: Kustov Maksym V. , Kalugin Volodymyr D. , Hristich Olena V. , Hapon Yuliana K.
Published: September 2021

The objective of this Article is development of a hazardous area extent reducing method in the atmosphere upon emergency situation occurrence with hazardous chemical and radioactive substances emission. To achieve the specified objective it is recommended to use deposition of gaseous, liquid and solid disperse hazardous particles from the atmosphere using artificial precipitation over a zone of emergency. For artificial intensification of precipitation, use of chemical and physical principles of impact on droplets formation processes in the area of clouds is proposed. A pyrotechnic composition was developed for chemical impact, which when combustion generates finely dispersed chemical centers of condensation and modifying components for hazardous chemical substances neutralization. Conducting the ionization of precipitation formation area by a strong impulse electromagnetic irradiation was proposed as a physical impact on the artificial precipitation formation processes. The laboratory study results confirmed the technical feasibility of this method implementation. To reduce the necessary radiator power, application of a multi-position radiators system with radiation focusing to one irradiation zone was proposed. The theoretical and experimental results obtained in the article are the base for development of emergency situation negative consequences reduction practical procedures through artificial precipitation initiation.
The Impact of the Patient's State on the Destination Care Unit Choice Within the Health Emergency Services Regional Network (HES-RN) in Morocco
Authors: Khalfaoui Ibtissam , Hammouche Amar
Published: September 2021

In the health sector and in order to avoid life threatening situations, it is obvious that the patient's state of severity has a very strong impact on what the patient's transfer time should not exceed. In this paper, we are interested in the dynamic evolution of these states of severity and the decision, to which Care Unit of destination (CUd) should the concerned patient be transferred as quickly as possible, may be most critical. In this sense, we present a model that allows us to conclude on the choice of the different candidate CUd to receive the patient, which takes into account both the CU qualification and the severity of the Occurrence of events of Health Emergency (OHE) in question.
Improving Parotid Gland Tumor Segmentation and Classification Using Geometric Active Contour Model and Deep Neural Network Framework
Authors: Slama Amine Ben , Mbarki Zouhair , Seddik Hassen , Marrakchi Jihene , Boukriba Seif , Labidi Salam
Published: September 2021

Manual assessment of parotid gland status from magnetic resonance imaging is a subjective, time consuming and error prone process. Automatic image analysis methods offer the possibility to get consistent, objective and rapid diagnoses of parotid gland tumor. In this kind of cancer, a large variety in their characteristics, that brings various difficulties for traditional image analysis methods. In this paper, we propose an automatic method to perform both segmentation and classification of Parotid gland region in order to give quantitative assessment and uniform indicators of PGs status that will help pathologists in their diagnostic. The experimental result illustrates the high accuracy of the results of the proposed method compared to the ground truth. Furthermore, a comparative study with existing techniques is presented in order to demonstrate the efficiency and the superiority of the proposed method.