bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cherkasskaya-5 site and its place in the Early Neolithic on the Middle Don River
Authors: Skorobogatov Andrey Mikhailovich
Published: December 2020

The paper introduces materials of Cherkasskaya-5 site, located on the Middle Don River in the Pavlovsky district of the Voronezh Region. Under the two-meter thickness of the lake-alluvial layers, more than a thousand pieces of finds have been ceramics, stone, bone products and osteology. While analyzing the materials of the monument a ceramic and flint complex of the Early Neolithic appearance have been distinguished (76 thousand BC). The received radiocarbon dates, the data of technical and technological analysis and the features of ornamentation, ceramics, the typology of stone and bone inventory, help to find one of the possible ways of Neolithization of the Middle Don, in which the leading role belongs to the steppe component. Paleozoological analysis showed that the osteological collection is dominated by the bones of birds (64,4% of all bones), there are mammals (21,8%), fish (9,7%), turtle marsh (4,1%). Among domestic mammals domestic species (dog, horse, pig, sheep) are identified. However, the presence of late Neolithic and Eneolithic (srednedonskaya, dnepro-donetskaya, nizhnedonskaya, and srednestogovskaya cultures) in the ceramics layer leaves open the question of the domestic animal species belonging to the early Neolithic. The material of the site makes it possible to characterize this place as a series of seasonal short-term specialized sites intended for conducting network fishing, hunting for waterfowl, catching turtles and collecting shellfish as well as for processing the products of fishing and hunting in the Neolithic age.
Early Neolithic stone industry of the Upper Don
Authors: Smolyaninov Roman Viktorovich , Yurkina Elizaveta Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

Features of the flood plain settlements of the river Don watershed and its tributaries is the fact that almost all of them are multi-layered. Until recently it was not possible to talk about the Early Neolithic stone industry of the Upper Don. All conclusions about Early Neolithic material culture in this territory were done by A.T. Sinyuk, based on the Middle-Don site. He described tool industry as blade technique. The paper mentions the most important sites and gives a review of Early Neolithic stone industry of the Upper Don. Nowadays there are materials of the 4 Early Neolithic cultures on the Upper Don territory: Middle-Don (72 sites), Karamyshevo (26 sites), Upper-Volga (4 sites) and Elshanskaya (4 sites) cultures. The earliest materials in the research area date VI mill. cal BC. The data on the stone industries of the Elshanskaya and Upper-Volga cultures in the Upper Don are absent. There are stone collections, which could be connected only with the Middle-Don and Karamyshevo Early Neolithic cultures. This industry could be described as flake technique.
Comparison of geometric microliths of the Northern Caspian and Lower Don
Authors: Smagin Valery Andreevich
Published: December 2020

Geometric microliths are inherent in almost all the Mesolithic and Neolithic monuments in the Lower Volga Region. For the sites of the territory they play a key role. With the help of this type of tools, it is possible to determine the cultural affiliation and chronological position of the studied monuments. In this paper we mainly consider the Neolithic sites on the territory of the Lower Volga and Lower Donets, which have geometric microliths in stone implements. Most of these monuments have a fairly stable series of tools of a geometric type, which makes it possible to compare them among themselves and draw parallels. The results of radiocarbon dating for Neolithic monuments of the Lower Volga and Lower Donets are presented. There is a typological comparison of these sites. The paper discusses similarities and differences, as well as possible contacts, or the lack of population on the two territories the Lower Volga and the Lower Donets. The author comes to the conclusion that based on the analysis of geometric microliths it is not possible to trace a significant connection between the population of the Lower Volga and the Lower Donets. In the development of the flint industries of these regions there are more differences than similarities.
Origins of the pottery traditions in the early Neolithic European North of Russia
Authors: Ivanischeva Marina Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with origins of the pottery traditions in the early Neolithic European North of Russia. At present there is a prevailing scheme of ornamental styles development stages in the Early Neolithic antiquities forest zone of the European part of Russia from pinned-point/without ornament to the later ornamental comb tradition. Among the series of dates taken as a chronological frame for the Neolithic forest belt around 7000 years ago, there are deeper/ancient definitions for pricked fragments, as well as vessels with comb-style ornamentation. The paper presents technical and technological analysis of the ceramic complex of monuments in Berezovaya Slobodka in Nyuksensky district and monuments in Tudozere and Kemozere in Vytegra district.
The Sperrings culture (current state of study)
Authors: German Konstantin Enrikovich
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the study of the Sperrings culture. More than a decade has passed since the last general publications on early Neolithic of Karelia. During this period, new sites of the Sperrings culture have been discovered and studied, first AMS-dating has been received from the ceramic fragments, monuments of the early Neolithic in the neighboring territories have been studied. As a result of two decades of the archaeological research in Karelia more than a dozen of new monuments were discovered and investigated, including poorly explored areas of the Northern Ladoga and Karelian isthmus. The Sperrings culture centre is the Onega lake basin, where more than 200 settlements are known. The existence period of the Sperrings culture in the Onega lake basin on the basis of AMS-dates is 53064250 cal BC. These data are also consistent with AMS-dating of bones of Koirinoya III settlement in the North Ladoga area. The Sperrings ceramics appeared on the territory of Karelia at the same time.
Ceramic ware in the culture of mobile foragers of the Extreme north-east of Europe
Authors: Karmanov Victor Nicolaevich
Published: December 2020

In the paper the author summarized and systematized the initial data on ceramic ware of the Neolithic and Eneolithic of the Extreme north-east of Europe. He analyzed information about the archaeological contexts of ceramics, its quantitative (number of capacities in each complex) and qualitative (shape, proportionality and volume of vessels) characteristics. Critical analysis is used to assess the possibilities of available materials to extract information. As a result, the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative parameters of ceramic ware during the VI first half of II millennium BC was traced. Its cultural and chronological features are determined as well. It is established that in the first half of the V millennium BC ceramics in the form of sets of vessels of different volumes and kinds becomes an integral part of the daily life of the hunters of the region. According to their lifestyle, the demand for ceramics was limited: the average number of simultaneously used vessels on average 34 containers per context. In this case, the simplest forms (round-bottomed pots with volumes up to 25 liters and bowl-shaped dishes up to 2,5 liters) predominate. Ceramic traditions presented in the region are associated with cultures that originate in different adjacent areas of the forest zone of Eastern Europe and Western Siberia, so the universality of the customary forms, volumes and, probably, the ways of using ceramic dishes, is universally accepted. The data obtained can be used as materials for the development of the problem of the distribution of early ceramics, for assessing the role and determining the place of it in the material culture of the prehistoric population.
The barrow 21 of the burial ground Filippovka I: items of horse equipment and date of the complex
Authors: Myshkin Vladimir Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

This article deals with equestrian ammunition items found near the burial mound of the 21 Filipovka I burial ground in the Orenburg region in order to establish the time of construction of this burial mound. The burial mound Filippovka I was a necropolis of the social elite of nomads who inhabited the steppes of the Southern Urals in the middle of the 1st millennium BC. The richness of the funerary inventory and the complexity of the ritual actions performed during the erection of the burial mounds make it possible to study many aspects of the history and culture of these tribes. This determines the importance of a comprehensive study of the materials of this burial ground. Equipping a horse includes four bronze objects: two bridle plaques, check-piece and headband decoration bridle were found around the barrow 21 Filippovka I burial ground. Some of these items have close analogies among the details of equine ammunition from the Scythian monuments of the Black Sea North Littoral, dated by import items. The analogies that exist among the Scythian antiquities allow us to date the burial mound of the burial ground of Filippovka I during the time of the 4th century BC. The presence of such things as a headband in the form of a griffin head and a bridle plaque in the form of a wolf's head fixes the existence of the cultural interaction of nomads who left the burial ground of Filippovka I with the western Scythian world of the Northern Black Sea Coast.
Humanistic values as a system-forming principle of the professional activity of a teacher
Authors: Bezdukhov Vladimir Petrovich , Pozdnyakova Oksana Konstantinovna
Published: December 2020

Critically important question concerns the problem of humanistic values as a system-forming principle of the professional activity of a teacher. That is motivated by the necessity of solving the task of educating a humanistically-oriented student in the framework of a damaged value paradigm. The article proves the values in the professional activity of the teacher and emphasizes the role of humanistic values as a system-forming principle of the professional activity of a teacher. That is important in the framework of the humanistic ethics. The article shows that the focus of humanistic ethics has always been under consideration. Moreover that is important to show that the key vision of the humanistic ethics is the knowledge of a man which is necessary concerning the values and norms of life as an individual, and society as a whole. It shows that humanistic ethics consider humanistic values to be accepted by all higher forms of culture and common to these forms. The authors of the article analyze humanistic values and find it is important to show that some scientists identify humanistic and universal values. The article shows that humanism values is a system-forming principle of the professional activity of a teacher and it helps the teacher to form, to educate and to develop the human in a child, participate in his up-bringing process. Thus, the teacher aims not to remain outside his field of humanistic vision. The article analyzes the factors affecting the effectiveness of the realization of values. Moreover the article describes the fact that moral values are becoming humanistic values. To do so, it is necessary to consider interpersonal collaboration between a student and a teacher. Humanistic approach has a big role. The authors of the paper believe the importance of reflection-in-itself-reflection and-in-another in a teaching process for further warm cooperation between a student and a teacher as well as understanding of the role and mechanisms of humanistic values. The essence of normative professional activity of the teacher is revealed.
Main features of the Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga Region flora adventive fraction family spectrum
Authors: Ivanova Anastasiya Viktorovna , Kostina Natalia Viktorovna , Lysenko Tatyana Mikhaylovna
Published: December 2020

The study of the adventive fraction of flora is a separate area of floristic research. General patterns of adventive species introduction consequences as well as their distribution throughout the territory are studied. Often, when studying the adventive fraction, the family spectrum is analyzed. In the paper we consider the adventive fraction of the flora on the territory of Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga Region, which is located within two natural zones: forest-steppe and steppe, four physical-geographical provinces and 15 districts. Each physical-geographical unit is characterized by its peculiarities of relief, geological structure, soils, vegetation and local climatic conditions. In the family spectrum of the adventive faction of Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga Region, it is possible to single out families that play a leading role in the formation of its composition. Based on the data on the adventive fractions of the floras of the physiographic regions and areas identified in the study area, it can be noted that the first four places in the spectrum are occupied by the following families Asteraceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Chenopodiaceae. The list of these four leading families of the adventive fraction of the flora remains unchanged, but their order may be different. Probably, the differences in the natural conditions of the studied territories are reflected precisely in the order of the location of the leading families, since their composition does not change. The change in the composition of the leading four of the family spectrum can be observed on the scales of large areas: comparing the spectra of the adventive fractions of Ivanovo, Tver, Astrakhan Region, and other administrative divisions. Flora of various physical and geographical subdivisions of Samara-Ulyanovsk Volga Region, despite belonging to different natural zones, have similar family spectra of adventive fractions. They differ only in the presence of one or two families. For example, among the leading adventive families Rosaceae, Onagraceae and Rubiaceae were not in all cases.
Results of quantitative parameters evaluation of leaves of some fruit and berry Rosaceae cultivars and hybrids
Authors: Kavelenova Lyudmila Mikhailovna , Petrova Anna Borisovna , Savitskaya Kristina Andreevna , Yankov Nikolay Viktorovich , Antipenko Maria Ivanovna , Demenina Lyubov Georgievna , Kuznetsov Anatoly Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The leaves of higher plants reveal a wide range of structural and ecofunctional differences expressed for taxa of various ranks, for representatives of ecological groups, as well as associated with adaptation to a complex of biotopic conditions. Among the quantitative indicators determined in the study of leaf phytomass samples there are some detected by direct measurement and others detected by calculating. The second group of indicators includes, in particular, the leaf mass per area (LMA) parameter. In nature, this indicator reveals differences within two orders for plants of various life forms (from the minimum in freshwater hydrophytes to the maximum in desert inhabitants). Functional groups of plants are characterized by unequal level of LMA plasticity in the gradient of abiotic conditions (such as light, temperature, moisture, edaphic regime). Evaluation of leaf apparatus parameters is widely demanded in various actual directions (plant ecology, forestry, environmental protection, cultivars study, etc.). In this paper we present some generalized data related to the results of the study of the leaf structure for some fruit and berry Rosaceae cultivars and hybrids (25 varieties of pears, 15 apple, 13 garden strawberries, 7 clone rootstocks for stone fruit crops), for which the Scientific Research Institute Zhigulevskiye Sady specialists carry out cultivars study. We performed a row ranking procedure and constructed distribution histograms for the integrated data blocks for each group of objects, using the Excel. We turned to the percentage of the proportion of variables corresponding to different levels of LMA. The distribution analysis of generalized data on the LMA index showed perspectivity for comparing groups of objects of different systematic (varietal) accessories and for detection of dissimilarity trends between them.
The study of lichens in the state natural reserve «Zavolzhsky» (Chuvash Republic)
Authors: Sinichkin Evgeny Arkadyevich , Bogdanov Gennady Alekseevich , Dimitriev Alexander Veniaminovich , Smirnova Nadezhda Vladimirovna , Omelchenko Peter Nickolaevich
Published: December 2020

The paper provides information about lichens found on the territory of the state natural reserve Zavolzhsky, which is a specially protected natural area of the Chuvash Republic. It was established for the protection of the unique natural landscape, located on the territory of Cheboksary and Cheboksary District, as well as for rare and endangered animals, plants and other organisms from high anthropogenic activity. As a result of lichen investigations (20112016) 134 species belong to 59 genera from 31 families of lichen flora were recorded. It emphasizes a high environmental significance of this territory. The paper shows substrate and biotope confinement for each lichen species. The investigations were conducted in detail-route method using a GPS-navigator. In the paper the locations of rare lichen species are given according to the new quarterly network of the Cheboksary forestry. We examined the lichen diversity in 14 quarters of 3 forest districts: Pihtulynskoe, Severnoe, Sosnovskoe; lichen collections were carried out in 36 habitats. The habitat of rare and endangered lichen Lobaria pulmonaria was found on the territory of the reserve. This species is included to the Red Data Book of Russia. According to the results of the study we recommend to include 15 rare lichen species to the new edition of Red Data Book of the Chuvash Republic: Arthonia cinereoprunosa, Acrocordia gemmata, Bryoria implexa, Bryoria subcana, Bryoria nadvornikiana, Dimerella pineti, Lobaria pulmonaria, Mycobilimbia epixanthoides, Mycobilimbia carneoalbida, Mycobilimbia tetramera, Platismatia glauca, Usnea dasopoga, Usnea lapponica, Usnea subfloridana, Xanthomendoza ulophyllodes.
A statistical model for the radiocarbon chronology of the Neolithic forest-steppe Volga region monuments
Authors: Stavitsky Vladimir Vyacheslavovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the chronology of the early Neolithic forest-steppe Zavolzhye monuments, which is based on radiocarbon definitions obtained from fragments of ceramics. Radiocarbon dates on Elshanskaya and Srednevolzhskaya culture monuments are collected in two tables. They are graphically represented by a probability interval for each date. For the conditional statistical unit the chronological interval of 125 years is accepted. On the basis of statistical data, the author has constructed graphs that reflect the frequency of dates occurrence for periods of 250 years. As for the Elshanskaya culture monuments the highest concentration of radiocarbon dates occurs on a chronological segment 58755250 cal BC (39% of all dates). Half of the dates are recorded on the segment 47504500 cal BC (21%). Only 12% of radiocarbon dates are in 67506250 cal BC, which belongs to the period of the Elshanskaya antiquities development. In our opinion, Elshanskaya culture could not exist unchanged for such a long time. Such a significant variation in time is apparently due to the imperfection of the dating method and the presence of reservoir effects of various kinds. Elshanskaya culture probably existed in 58755250 cal BC. At the final stage of Elshanskaya antiquities existence (55005250 cal BC) the monuments of Srednevolzhskaya culture started to develop.
The identification method of 6-7 year-old-children’s «duovector» giftedness in the art-creativity process
Authors: Kalinina Larisa Yuryevna , Ivanov Dmitriy Victorovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with one of the aspects of early identification of giftedness: the establishment of the relationship between its types. The authors see a solution of the problem in the development and validation of the methodology based on the integrated modern scientific knowledge psychological, pedagogical and art criticism, in the field of contemporary art. This technique is expected to meet the conditions of efficiency and accessibility in the application of teachers working with children. Clarifications have been made to the basic concept of giftedness for the paper. The authors propose a term describing the interrelated manifestation of two types of giftedness duovector talent. The method is aimed at finding hidden signs of duovector giftedness: musical mathematics, in the field of fine art and sports, musical and linguistic. The basis of this approach is the idea of the dependence of the frequency and brightness of giftedness manifestations on the conditions, the most important of which is the aesthetic environment enriched with multi-modal material for creativity. At the same time, it is advisable to involve children in accessible and aesthetically valuable works of modern art, in the search for new knowledge in the same ways that adult authors of the XXI century use. Modeling directly perceived creative techniques and forms, the child masters the world, structures it non-linearly, on the principle of creating a rhizome. As a catalyst of creative activity, a set of tasks-subtests adapted to the age peculiarities of children is offered. The procedure of the experiment in a specially organized educational environment (an art workshop) is characterized. Plunging into the atmosphere of fruitful disorder, the child will act freely and directly, engaged in creativity as a game, creates an art product that has value as a marker of his talent. The content of creative tasks is presented, according to the results of work on which the diagnostic card is filled, in turn, which is the basis for the conclusions about the presence of the childs duovector talent. At this stage of the study, the authors have prepared a method for validation by comparing it with tests and subtests of other methods. The materials of the paper logically continue the research in the field of finding reference points for the development of individual educational routes of students, preparing them for lifelong learning.
Elements-indicators of oil refineries impact in the components of adjacent ecosystems
Authors: Baranovskaya Natalya Vladimirovna , Boev Vladislav Viktorovich , Boev Viktor Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses differences in chemical elements concentration by the components of an ecosystem exposed to the refinery, relative to the territory taken as the background. The study was conducted in the Antipinsky Oil Refinery location area, the territory of the Tyumen Federal Reserve was considered as the background. The change in the elemental composition of the soil, bedding, grass stand, and birch leaves has been studied. The study was carried out by instrumental neutron activation and atomic absorption analysis methods. For all considered components of ecosystems, the patterns of the spatial distribution of elements with respect to refinery were analyzed (both to remote and to cardinal directions). The change in the associations of chemical elements in technogenic conditions was studied. The obtained results were compared with the clarke and literature data, on the basis of which the background status of the natural territory was confirmed, and low pollution of the technogenic region was revealed. According to the results, an elevated content of many of the studied chemical elements in the upper soil horizon was found. For most of them, a change in the distribution over the profile was recorded. The greatest pollution among the studied objects is characteristic of birch leaves. The spatial distribution of pollution is different for the components considered, but is consistent with the predominant wind direction. In the studied components of the technogenic ecosystem, an accumulation of elements specific to the oil refining industry was found: Br, Sb, La, Tb, Yb, Ce, As, Hg, Zn, Co. In all considered components of the technogenic ecosystem a violation of correlations and the presence of specific associations were recorded.
Wastewater production of ethylenediamine and the assessment of their toxicity by phytotesting
Authors: Bykovsky Nikolai Alekseevich , Kantor Evgeny Abramovich , Puchkova Lyudmila Nikolaevna , Fanakova Nadezhda Nikolaevna , Fanakov Vadim Stanislavovich
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses occurrence of toxic wastewater from the production of ethylenediamine by aminating 1,2-dichloroethane with ammonia. It is shown that wastewater from ethylenediamine production is formed at the stages of evaporation of ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and rectification of a mixture of amines obtained as a result of evaporation. In the first case, the wastewater contains a saturated NaCl solution with a content of 1 2% polyethylene polyamines, and in the second case, the drain contains a solution containing about 1% of ethylenediamine and about 2% of ammonia. To study the toxicity of these wastewater, watercress of Zabava and Krupnolistovoy varieties were used. The assessment of toxic properties of wastewater was carried out according to such values as seed germination, the average length of seedlings and the dry weight of seedlings. It is revealed that the studied drains have an acute toxic effect on the watercress of both varieties. It is shown that the regression equations obtained for the dry weight of seedlings and seed germination, in contrast to the length of the seedlings, do not adequately describe the experimental results and cannot be used to determine the safe multiplicity of breeding. The safe multiplicity of breeding, calculated using the average length of seedlings, ranges from 489,1 to 892,9 for various drains and watercress varieties. It is shown that the most toxic is the runoff containing a saturated NaCl solution with a content of 1 2% of polyethylene polyamines Zabava is the most sensitive to the degree of toxicity of runoff.
Hydrobiocenoses of lake Tulos, Southwestern Karelia
Authors: Kuchko Yaroslav Aleksandrovich , Ilmast Nikolay Viktorovich , Kuchko Tamara Yuryevna
Published: December 2020

The following paper assesses the current state of the phyto- and zooplankton and benthic communities of Lake Tulos, which geographically is a part of the Green Belt of Fennoscandia. The lake is located on the territory of the planned National Park Tulos. The species diversity, the ratio of major taxonomic groups and the structure, abundance and biomass of predominant aquatic organism species in the littoral and pelagic zones of the lake were studied. According to the obtained results (the level of quantitative development and the ratio of phytoplankton species during the growing season 2018) the waters of Lake Tulos can be assigned to the third quality class, grade 3a (fairly clean), which corresponds to the -mesosaprobic zone by the saprobity scale. According to Pantle-Bukk saprobity index calculated on the basis of zooplankton, the lakes water can be attributed to oligosaprobic the 2nd class of quality, pure natural waters. Indices of abundance of macrozoobenthos correspond to the oligotrophic class, according to the ratio of its main groups, the lake belongs to the chironomid type of lakes. The reservoir has a high recreational potential, according to the ichthyofauna composition it belongs to the water bodies of the first fishery category. Lake Tulos is a reference water body convenient for environmental monitoring in near-border areas.
Influence of direct seeding on the yield of agricultural cultures in the Rostov Region
Authors: Mokrikov Gregory Vasilyevich , Minnikova Tatiana Vladimirovna , Kazeev Kamil Shagidullovich , Kolesnikov Sergey Ilyich
Published: December 2020

Tillage technologies that promote resource conservation and increase crop yields, especially in conditions of dry climate, are increasingly being introduced into the Russian agriculture. However, taking into account a diversity of soil and climatic conditions in Russia, it is necessary to study the agro-ecological state of agro landscapes. In Russia, in recent years, an increase in the yield of winter wheat and sunflower has been observed. From 2014 to 2018 in production conditions in the Rostov Region, the effect of direct sowing technology (No-Till) on the yield of winter wheat and sunflower was studied. The yield of sunflower and winter wheat largely depended on the amount of precipitation during the critical growing season of each agricultural crop. In 2014-2017 the yield of winter wheat in agrocenoses using direct sowing technology increased by 26-114%, sunflower by 27-92% compared with the traditional technology. The authors show that direct seeding compared to traditional technology of dump plowing (traditional tillage) contributes to saving motor fuel, increasing crop yields and lowering the cost of the main crops of the Rostov Region: winter wheat and sunflower.
Limits of seed germination of phytomeliorants under conditions of heavy metals toxic concentrations
Authors: Oznobihina Anastasia Olegovna
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to conduct biological testing at the initial stages of plant objects viability in the model conditions of heavy metal pollution. The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments to assess the impact of different concentrations of heavy metal salts on the viability of yellow melilot and great trefoil seeds. In the course of the conducted experimental studies the author has been established a direct dependence of the decrease in the indices of germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds with an increase in the concentration of phytotoxicant salts, determined the critical (threshold) concentration of the studied elements and the metal content, in which the processes of growth and development of seeds remain. The concentration of 0,01% cadmium, zinc, lead and copper was optimal for germination of melilot seeds, where germination was equal to 80%, 74%, 69% and 64%, respectively. For great trefoil seeds, high germination rates were noted in case of 0,01% contamination with lead, zinc, cadmium and copper - 82%, 80%, 77% and 76%, respectively, and in 0,1% salt solution of lead, copper and zinc there were recorded 75%, 74% and 72% of seedlings. Zinc in the concentration of 0,01% at the initial stages of germination of phytomeliorant seeds stimulated germination energy. The tendency of resistance to pollution by lead, zinc and copper was observed at sprouts of a great trefoil, and to pollution by cadmium the greatest resistance was shown by a melilot yellow. Defining the limits of the leguminous plant seeds germination in the presence of a toxic agent will allow research and development in respect of biological restoration of contaminated soils and can be used in technologically disturbed lands.
Trends of some rare flora species populations in the Southern Urals foothills (Orenburg Region)
Authors: Safonov Maksim Anatolievich
Published: December 2020

The results of long-term (1994-2018) studies of the distribution and abundance of rare plant species in the foothills of the Southern Urals in order to identify their spatial and temporal trends are discussed. Some species retains its low numbers; in some species the number of populations and their amount were reduced, and some, probably, entirely disappeared from the flora. It is a new species in the local flora - Bupleurum aureum , but its low number does not allow to assess objectively its status and the necessary measures of protection. Spreading of Epipactis helleborine is also sporadic. The population of Veratrum lobelianum is gradually spreading to the South due to mesophytization of the climate and changes in pasture load on meadow and meadow-steppe ecosystems. The populations of the Cicerbita uralensis and Lathyrus litvinovii are in the critical condition. Thus, the change in environmental conditions leads to the fact that simultaneously with the reduction of the rare fraction, some species that previously had a small number, begin resettlement, contributing to the change in the appearance of the vegetation cover of the southern Urals foothills.
Przewalski’s horse reintroduction in the State Natural Reserve «Orenburgsky»: the first results
Authors: Tyurin Alexandr Nikolayevich
Published: December 2020

This paper presents a chronology of the main events taking place within the framework of the program to resettle Przhewalskys horses to the territory inhabited by their close relatives, the tarpans, to create a new and sustainable population of these animals. The Przewalskis horse population under natural conditions of the State Natural Reserve Orenburgsky will allow having a reserve of healthy, well-developed animals as a guarantee of keeping the species clean for a very long period of time. By the end of the 19th century, not a single Przewalskis wild horse remained in its natural habitat. The paper discusses a gradual reintroduction of Przewalskis horse and presents the first results, taken from open sources, on the restoration of the wild horse population in the Orenburg Region. The first results allow you to look to the future with confidence. 5 healthy foals have already been born in the reserve; PA scientists are optimistic about the spring of 2019 and hope that the stock of wild horses will continue to grow. The Przewalskis horse reintroduction program enjoys a personal support of the Orenburg Region Governor and is among the key projects for the protection of wild animals, personally supervised by the President of the Russian Federation.
RAND Corporation: Robert Komer activities
Authors: Lyozin Alexander Ivanovich
Published: December 2020

RAND Corporation is a think tank in the USA. It is a corporation in which experts of different fields of science write analytical works devoted to that or other problem. RAND has strong authority in the USA. Many works on Vietnam were done by the state order of the USA (from the Ministry of Defense), including Robert Komers works (conducted by the request of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency at the U.S. Department of Defense). It is the research of this expert that is discussed in this paper. The paper looks at the biography of Robert Komer in the context from the conflict in Vietnam to cooperation with the RAND Corporation. In Vietnam, on the personal instructions of the US President Lyndon Johnson, Komer was the head of the program of appeasement or officially: the program of Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (CORDS). Having completed his activities in Vietnam, Komer shared his experience and knowledge in reports for the RAND Corporation. His works are addressed to the problems of the counterpartisan war. The paper describes the work of Robert Komer in the framework of the RAND Corporation. In conclusion, the relevance is emphasized. Due to the events such as the US invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, Komers activities in the implementation of the CORDS program in Vietnam have gained increased interest from many modern experts.
Japanese collection of V.V. Vereshchagin: questions, answers, secrets
Authors: Katsnelson Galina Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The paper is dedicated to the collection of Japanese art objects, which were bought by the famous Russian artist V.V. Vereshchagin during his travelling to Japan in 1903. The paper represents the main information about the travel and excerpts from Vereshchagins memories about the country and art objects he bought. The description of the Vereshchagins collection was made on the base of the memories of Vereshchagins son and the catalogue of the collection which was published for the trade-exhibition in Moscow in 1910. Japanese collections part of the catalogue consists of the objects № 76-355. Some groups were distinguished among those artifacts: interior items, textile, clothes, accessories, enamel, bronze, turtle, porcelain, faience and different trivia. The description of the collection was made in connection with those groups. Some thoughts are represented about the main reasons of the collections trade-exhibition and its fate after the trade-exhibition. Analyzing the art objects, which were brought by Vereshchagin from Japan could help to understand what artists interest was in Japanese life.
Cultural, professional, job-related competences and development of the course «Fitness and gymnastics for yoga coaches»
Authors: Buranok Oleg Mikhailovich , Serper Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with specifics of cultural, professional, job-related competences development of Physical Education and Sports Bachelors (training code 44.03.01). Teaching programs are designed according to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard (the third generation), approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. Acquiring professional competencies are crucial for any coach or specialist in athletics. Moreover, the personality-oriented approach to the system of modern higher education presupposes development of personal skills such as independence, self-motivation and self-reliance. These qualities help the field experts build a healthy Russian society. The authors define knowledge, skills and abilities for cultural, professional, job-related competences to implement in the syllabus of Fitness and Gymnastics for Yoga Coaches.
Formative assessment techniques as a tool for the development of the behavioral-reflexive component of the future teacher’s professional culture
Authors: Voronina Marina Anatolyevna , Zubova Svetlana Pavlovna , Kochetova Natalia Gennadyevna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses current issues of future teachers training, in particular their professional culture development. There are five components in the teachers professional culture. The problem of its behavioral-reflexive component development is posed. The authors analyze the federal state educational standard of higher education as well as highlight prerequisites for the development of the behavioral-reflective component of future teachers professional culture. The paper considers techniques of formative assessment as an important element of future teachers professional training. Formative assessment strategies are analyzed; they are divided into five groups. The authors argue that the use of formative assessment techniques for future teachers training at universities contributes to the development of the behavioral-reflexive component of their professional culture. The analysis of educational and methodical literature allowed the authors to single out the techniques of formative assessment used in the process of future teachers training. The methodologies identified by the authors formed the basis of the developed educational-methodical complex of the course Professional culture of the teacher aimed at future teachers professional culture development. The paper presents the results of the experiment aimed at development of the behavioral-reflexive component of future teachers professional culture.
Environmental education of students by means of hydrobotany
Authors: Solovieva Vera Valentinovna , Semenov Aleksandr Alekseevich , Yaitsky Andrey Stepanovich
Published: December 2020

Currently, environmental education is considered as a key principle of sustainable development of society and nature. It represents the uniform continuous educational process directed on development of a system of ecological knowledge, abilities, skills, valuable installations, experience of activity and competence of the careful attitude to environment and rational nature management. Hydrobotany has great opportunities in terms of environmental education of students. We consider hydrobotanics to be the science of aquatic plants, their communities, processes of overgrowing of ponds and streams. It studies the features of external and internal water macrophytes structure, their life processes, the relationship between them and the environment, diversity, distribution, introduction, role in nature and human life (outecology); composition and structure of aquatic phytocenoses, their production and destruction, as well as the processes of formation of aquatic vegetation and its dynamics (synecology). Hydrobotany has its purpose and objectives, object, subject and methods of research, open laws, special conceptual apparatus, history of development. It occupies a certain place in the system of sciences. In Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education Hydrobotany is included in the curriculum of the main professional educational programs of the bachelors degree Pedagogical education (majors Biology and Geography, Biology and Chemistry, Biology) as a discipline for students choice. We have developed a model of environmental education of students in the process of teaching Hydrobotany. It consists of four components: targeted, substantive, procedural, monitoring and evaluation. The target component-includes the purpose and objectives of the discipline Hydrobotany in the field of environmental education of students. Content component-covers the system of environmental knowledge on Hydrobotany; skills and experience of activities on the ecology of aquatic plants; value systems for aquatic plants and their communities; special competence of aquatic plants ecology study, their protection, careful and rational use. Procedural component-contains forms, methods, tools and technologies of environmental education. Control and evaluation component includes educational results; forms, types and methods of control, as well as a system of evaluation of individual achievements of students.
Association of small mammal’s spatial distribution and vegetation cover structure (on the example of Pustyn closed wood, Nizhny Novgorod Region)
Authors: Boryakova Elena Evgenievna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the problem of spatial distribution of mouse-like rodents in connection with a vegetable cover character. Small mammals are studied as components of the whole system - biocenosis. The investigation was carried out during the summer of 2016 in the landscape protected area Pustyn located in the province of Nizhny Novgorod, Volga Upland. 6 sample plots were set up in different forest types. Micromammalia were trapped using a traditional method, over standard sample plots (20 20 m) in a random order. 226 animals were caught, they turned out to belong to 2 genera and 3 species: Cletrionomys glareolus Schreber, Apodemus flavicollis Melchior, Apodemus uralensis Pallas. Statistical analysis was fulfilled using Statistica 6.0 software suite. We used a nonparametric Spearman method for calculation of correlations. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for detection of groups of similar objects, to reduce the number of dimensions and for visualization of the results. Positive and negative correlation dependences between the number of micromammalia and abundance of separate species of plants are revealed. The PCA analysis has shown that there is a significant factor for spatial distribution of small mammals, which is positively connected with nitrogen-loving plants. Rodents generally prefer places where projective cover degree of vegetation makes about 60%. This value is possibly optimum for movement and holes digging; the shortage of food is possible when the covering indicators are smaller and the density of animals population is big. The bank vole shows ecological plasticity in the choice of habitats more than mice. Based on results of our research, it is possible to conclude that heterogeneity of a vegetation cover has an influence on spatial structure of micromammalia communities.
Ecological assessment of the territory, taking into account the functional heterogeneity of certain categories of lands
Authors: Glukhovskaya Marina Yuryevna , Evstifeeva Tatyana Aleksandrovna , Grivko Elena Vasilyevna
Published: December 2020

Widespread degradation of natural ecological systems dictates the need to establish their stability limits, which are largely reflected in the change of the environmental components properties as a result of various factors, primarily anthropogenic ones. Sustainability is expressed by a coefficient defined as the ratio of the areas of the territories under the elements of a favorable and negative impact. Determination of the coefficient of ecological stability implies taking into account the ecological significance of each of the biotechnical elements of the terrain. This methodology assumes several stages of research: analysis of the structure of the land fund of the region, identification of priority categories of land, assessment of the contribution of individual biotechnical elements within the categories in maintaining environmental sustainability and stability. The research was carried out on the territory of the Orenburg Region, where the agro-industrial sector prevails, characterized by a high rate of growth of disturbed lands. The assessment was carried out for the period from 2002 to 2016. The study showed that agricultural land is a priority area, accounting for 88,5% of the total area. They are divided into arable land (55,9%), fodder land (43,5%), perennial plantations (0,5%) and other lands (0,1%). The value of the stability coefficient during the whole period of the study is on average 0,36, which is 29,5% below the minimum norm and characterizes the territory as unstable. The maximum value of the stability index is 0,79 with an optimal value of at least 1, which allows us to classify the research area as less stable. The obtained values of the parameters studied make it possible to draw conclusions about going beyond the limits of the stability of the ecosystems in the Orenburg Region and violating the stability of their development. Reducing the burden on the land fund of the region under study will allow a differentiated approach, based on the system of ecological zoning.
Ecological and coenotical structure of the Regional Natural Monument «Chelyabinsk city pine forest» vegetation
Authors: Nazarenko Nazar Nikolayevich , Novgorodova Maria Dmitrievna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the ecological and coenotical structure of the Regional Natural Monument Chelyabinsk city pine forest vegetation. The estimation was done by a cluster analysis with Sorensen-Chekanovsky (Bray-Curtis) distance measure and a flexible beta group linkage method - by non-metric multidimensional scaling, phytoindication and general discriminant analysis algorithms. The flora and coenotical structure of Chelyabinsk city pine forest plant communities are characterized by significant anthropogenic transformation. Forest-margin and meadow, ruderal and synanthropic species are insinuating and naturalizing in pine forest communities actively and supplanting typical pine forest species off communities. The studied pine forest flora synanthropic index is 32 percent. 15 plant associations were detected; its flora, dominant and constant species, coenotical structure and biotopes were characterized by principal ecological factors. The biotopes series of ecological factors replacement were identified. Biotopes series are specified by forest stand ecological structure, that determining ecological regime changes from semi-light to semi-shade and from more arid to more damp. Also biotopes form series from wet more variable moistening bad-aerated not-acid and salt enriched soils to acid aerated poor soils with contrast arid moistening. The detected Chelyabinsk city pine forest biotopes are characterized by not so fluctuation of principal ecological factors.