bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance and value of further classification of lymphovascular invasion in invasive breast cancer: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Zhang Yuyang , Wang Huali , Zhao Huahui , He Xueming , Wang Ya , Wang Hongjiang
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To investigate the prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion in invasive breast cancer and the value of using specific vascular endothelial markers to further classify lymphovascular invasion.

Methods

We collected 2124 patients with invasive breast cancer who were hospitalized at the First Hospital of Dalian Medical University from 2012 to 2020. Statistical methods were used to investigate the relationship between lymphovascular invasion and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer, and the correlation between lymphovascular invasion on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of various categories of breast cancers. Immunohistochemical staining of breast cancer samples containing lymphovascular invasion using specific vascular endothelial markers D2-40 and CD34 was used to classify lymphovascular invasion and to investigate the relationship between lymphovascular invasion and breast cancer progression.

Results

There was a high correlation between lymphovascular invasion and T stage, N stage and nerve invasion. Survival analyses showed that patients with lymphovascular invasion, especially luminal B, triple-negative, and Her-2 overexpression breast cancer patients, had poorer OS and DFS prognosis, and that lymphovascular invasion was an independent prognostic factor affecting OS and DFS in breast cancer. The immunohistochemical staining results showed that positive D2-40 staining of lymphovascular invasion was linked to the N stage and localized recurrence of breast cancer.

Conclusion

Lymphovascular invasion is associated with aggressive clinicopathological features and is an independent poor prognostic factor in invasive breast cancer. Breast cancer localized recurrence rate and lymph node metastases are influenced by lymphatic vessel invasion. Immunohistochemical techniques should be added to the routine diagnosis of lymphovascular invasion.
Platform—driven housing commodification, financialisation and gentrification in Athens
Authors: Pettas Dimitris , Avdikos Vasilis , Papageorgiou Antigoni
Published: May 2024

The emergence and expansion of the digitally mediated, short-term rental (STR) market in Athens underplayed a key role in the rising inaccessibility to affordable housing, interrelating with broader transformations of the housing landscape, including i) the translation of the economic crisis into a housing one, ii) the unfolding of touristification processes in central Athenian districts and iii) the increased involvement of international investors and funds in the real estate market. In this paper, we bring out the role of STRs in the commodification and financialisation of housing and the unfolding of touristification processes in central Athens. We delineate the aforementioned developments as a series of successive waves, arguing that the STR market initially enabled the commodification of housing through its disassociation from the sphere of households’ social reproduction and its assetisation, facilitating the engagement of domestic and foreign investors and the association of the housing landscape with financial flows.
Hsa_circ_0004872 mitigates proliferation, metastasis and immune escape of meningioma cells by suppressing PD-L1
Authors: Chen Kuo , Huang Zhengming , Liu Changsheng , Ouyang Qian , Yan Qing , Zheng Wei , Huang Yongkai
Published: May 2024

Meningioma is a prevalent intracranial malignancy known for its aggressive growth. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in the development of various cancers. However, their involvement in meningioma remains understudied. This study aimed to investigate the function and underlying mechanism of hsa_circ_0004872 in meningioma. The molecular expression of hsa_circ_0004872, PD-L1 and EIF4A3 was identified by RT-qPCR and/or western blot assays. Cell viability, migration, and invasion were assessed through CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. Cytotoxicity was determined using an LDH assay, and cell apoptosis was monitored by flow cytometry. The RNA and protein interactions were assessed through RNA-protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down analyses. Our findings revealed that hsa_circ_0004872 expression was significantly downregulated in both meningioma tissue samples and cells. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0004872 inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape of meningioma cells, as well as enhanced the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells by suppressing PD-L1. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0004872 directly interacted with EIF4A3, leading to the degradation of PD-L1 mRNA. Finally, inhibiting EIF4A3 improved the proliferation, metastasis, and immune escape of meningioma cells, as well as the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. Our study demonstrated that hsa_circ_0004872 mitigated the proliferation, metastasis,and immune escape of meningioma cells by targeting the EIF4A3/PD-L1 axis. These findings suggested that hsa_circ_0004872 and EIF4A3 might serve as promising biological markers and therapeutic targets for meningioma treatment.
On the existence of solutions to generalized Navier–Stokes–Fourier system with dissipative heating
Authors: Abbatiello Anna , Bulíček Miroslav , Lear Daniel
Published: May 2024

We consider a flow of non-Newtonian incompressible heat conducting fluids with dissipative heating. Such system can be obtained by scaling the classical Navier–Stokes–Fourier problem. As one possible singular limit may be obtained the so-called Oberbeck–Boussinesq system. However, this model is not suitable for studying the systems with high temperature gradient. These systems are described in much better way by completing the Oberbeck–Boussinesq system by an additional dissipative heating. The satisfactory existence result for such system was however not available. In this paper we show the large-data and the long-time existence of dissipative and suitable weak solution. This is the starting point for further analysis of the stability properties of such problems.
Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction Based on Residual Attention and Self Learning
Authors: Zheng Zhiyun , Xu Yamei , Liu Yun , Zhang Xingjin , Li Lun , Li Dun
Published: May 2024

Relation extraction is an important task in information extraction, which aims to identify the relation between two given entities. The algorithm based on distant supervision can automatically generate a large amount of annotated data, which becomes the main method to deal with the task of relation extraction. However, previous studies rely too much on the precision of supervision information and ignore the effective supervision information hidden in the case of mislabeling, which leads to the loss of supervision information. To solve this problem, we propose the distantly supervised relation extraction model based on residual attention and self-learning. The model uses residual attention to extract features, and then uses self-learning idea to generate corrected labels for training data, which are added into the training process as supervisory signals to prevent parameter error updates caused by noisy labels. The model can not only reduce the problem of mislabeling caused by distant supervision, but also makes full use of the available supervisory information in the data to improve data utilization. Experiments show that compared with the existing mainstream baseline methods, the proposed model has higher precision and recall.
Bayesian cross-validation by parallel Markov chain Monte Carlo
Authors: Cooper Alex , Vehtari Aki , Forbes Catherine , Simpson Dan , Kennedy Lauren
Published: May 2024

Brute force cross-validation (CV) is a method for predictive assessment and model selection that is general and applicable to a wide range of Bayesian models. Naive or ‘brute force’ CV approaches are often too computationally costly for interactive modeling workflows, especially when inference relies on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We propose overcoming this limitation using massively parallel MCMC. Using accelerator hardware such as graphics processor units, our approach can be about as fast (in wall clock time) as a single full-data model fit. Parallel CV is flexible because it can easily exploit a wide range data partitioning schemes, such as those designed for non-exchangeable data. It can also accommodate a range of scoring rules. We propose MCMC diagnostics, including a summary of MCMC mixing based on the popular potential scale reduction factor ($$\widehat{\textrm{R}}$$

R
^

) and MCMC effective sample size ($$\widehat{\textrm{ESS}}$$

ESS
^

) measures. We also describe a method for determining whether an $$\widehat{\textrm{R}}$$

R
^

diagnostic indicates approximate stationarity of the chains, that may be of more general interest for applications beyond parallel CV. Finally, we show that parallel CV and its diagnostics can be implemented with online algorithms, allowing parallel CV to scale up to very large blocking designs on memory-constrained computing accelerators.
De Morgan-Płonka Sums
Authors: Randriamahazaka Thomas
Published: May 2024

This paper develops De Morgan-Płonka sums, which generalise Płonka sums to contexts in which negation is not topically transparent but still respects De Morgan duality. We give a general theory of De Morgan-Płonka sums, on the model of the general theory of Płonka sums. Additionally, we describe free De Morgan-Płonka sums and apply our construction to give an algebraic proof of completeness for Kit Fine’s truthmaker semantics for Angell’s logic of analytic containment.
Licensing and secrecy under imperfect intellectual property protection
Authors: Mallios Aineas Kostas
Published: May 2024

I consider a technology holder that has to decide whether to file for a patent or rely on secrecy, and a competing firm that can enter the market through technology transfer or imitation. Acknowledging that imitation is uncertain, imperfect, and takes time to materialise, as well as that intellectual property protection is not absolute, I find that technology transfer will always occur if the technological efficiency to imitate is sufficiently low. This will happen regardless of the protection choice of the inventor. Conversely, highly efficient imitation technologies will lead to imitation instead of licensing. I also consider that a trade secret might accidentally leak and thus lose its economic value, thereby rendering secrecy less preferable to patenting. Additionally, the risk of leakage might also lead to more imitation than licensing. Finally, considering that, in practice, the probability of leakage might increase with the number of firms practising a secret, I suggest an increase in the attractiveness of the patent system.
Nanobodies in the fight against infectious diseases: repurposing nature's tiny weapons
Authors: Rizk Soha S. , Moustafa Dina M. , ElBanna Shahira A. , Nour El-Din Hanzada T. , Attia Ahmed S.
Published: May 2024

Nanobodies are the smallest known antigen-binding molecules to date. Their small size, good tissue penetration, high stability and solubility, ease of expression, refolding ability, and negligible immunogenicity in the human body have granted them excellence over conventional antibodies. Those exceptional attributes of nanobodies make them promising candidates for various applications in biotechnology, medicine, protein engineering, structural biology, food, and agriculture. This review presents an overview of their structure, development methods, advantages, possible challenges, and applications with special emphasis on infectious diseases-related ones. A showcase of how nanobodies can be harnessed for applications including neutralization of viruses and combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria is detailed. Overall, the impact of nanobodies in vaccine design, rapid diagnostics, and targeted therapies, besides exploring their role in deciphering microbial structures and virulence mechanisms are highlighted. Indeed, nanobodies are reshaping the future of infectious disease prevention and treatment.
Forecasting e-commerce consumer returns: a systematic literature review
Authors: Karl David
Published: May 2024

The substantial growth of e-commerce during the last years has led to a surge in consumer returns. Recently, research interest in consumer returns has grown steadily. The availability of vast customer data and advancements in machine learning opened up new avenues for returns forecasting. However, existing reviews predominantly took a broader perspective, focussing on reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chain management aspects. This paper addresses this gap by reviewing the state of research on returns forecasting in the realms of e-commerce. Methodologically, a systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing 25 relevant publications regarding methodology, required or employed data, significant predictors, and forecasting techniques, classifying them into several publication streams according to the papers’ main scope. Besides extending a taxonomy for machine learning in e-commerce, this review outlines avenues for future research. This comprehensive literature review contributes to several disciplines, from information systems to operations management and marketing research, and is the first to explore returns forecasting issues specifically from the e-commerce perspective.
Pathogenicity of Single and Combined Inoculations of Alternaria spp. on Potato
Authors: Baltzakis Ioannis , Nindya Syahida , Rahmayani Rahmayani , Thomas Jane E. , van der Werf Wopke , Struik Paul C.
Published: May 2024

In Europe, early blight has become an increasingly severe disease in potato cultivation. We investigated the lesion sizes caused by infection with different Alternaria spp. predominantly from the UK in detached-leaf assays and whole-plant assays of different potato cultivars. The analysis reveals that whilst there is no significant interaction between the potato cultivars used and the Alternaria spp. tested, statistically significant differences were observed between the group means of small-spored vs. large-spored Alternaria spp. The small-spored species grouped together with no significant differences amongst them, whilst large-spored species were able to cause large expanding lesions in all tests, with Alternaria solani exhibiting the most extensive lesion growth. We also explored the effect of co-inoculation treatments of Alternaria spp., revealing no significant difference between the inoculation with Alternaria solani alone and co-inoculation with Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata or Alternaria infectoria. The findings contribute to our understanding of the behaviour of Alternaria spp. and their impact on potato cultivars.
Some models for bubbling of (log) Kähler–Einstein metrics
Authors: de Borbon Martin , Spotti Cristiano
Published: May 2024

We investigate aspects of the metric bubble tree for non-collapsing degenerations of (log) Kähler–Einstein metrics in complex dimensions one and two, and further describe a conjectural higher dimensional picture.
Optimization of methods for intrasplenic administration of human amniotic epithelial cells in order to perform safe and effective cell-based therapy for liver diseases
Authors: Czekaj Piotr , Król Mateusz , Kolanko Emanuel , Wieczorek Patrycja , Bogunia Edyta , Hermyt Mateusz , Grajoszek Aniela , Prusek Agnieszka
Published: May 2024

In animal experimental models the administration of stem cells into the spleen should ensure high effectiveness of their implantation in the liver due to a direct vascular connection between the two organs. The aim of this study was to update the methods of experimental intrasplenic cell transplantation using human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) which are promising cells in the treatment of liver diseases. BALB/c mice were administered intrasplenically with 0.5, 1, and 2 million hAECs by direct bolus injection (400 µl/min) and via a subcutaneous splenic port by fast (20 μl/min) and slow (10 μl/min) infusion. The port was prepared by translocating the spleen to the skin pocket. The spleen, liver, and lungs were collected at 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h after the administration of cells. The distribution of hAECs, histopathological changes in the organs, complete blood count, and biochemical markers of liver damage were assessed. It has been shown that the method of intrasplenic cell administration affects the degree of liver damage. The largest number of mice showing significant liver damage was observed after direct administration and the lowest after slow administration through a port. Liver damage increased with the number of administered cells, which, paradoxically, resulted in increased liver colonization efficiency. It was concluded that the administration of 1 × 106 hAECs by slow infusion via a subcutaneous splenic port reduces the incidence of complications at the expense of a slight decrease in the effectiveness of implantation of the transplanted cells in the liver.
A novel conditional survival nomogram for monitoring real-time prognosis of non-metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Luo Pei , Li Ying-ying , Huang Can , Guo Jun , Yao Xin
Published: May 2024

Aims

The aim of this study is to enhance the accuracy of monitoring and treatment information for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

Utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, a cohort of 335,948 eligible CRC patients was included in this investigation. Conditional survival probability and actuarial overall survival were employed as methodologies to investigate the association between clinicopathological characteristics and cancer prognosis.

Results

Among CRC patients, the 5-year survival rate was 59%, while the 10-year survival rate was 42%. Over time, conditional survival showed a consistent increase, with rates reaching 45% and 48% for individuals surviving 1 and 2 years, respectively. Notably, patients with unfavorable tumor stages exhibited substantial improvements in conditional survival, thereby narrowing the disparity with actuarial overall survival over time.

Conclusion

This study underscores the significance of time-dependent conditional survival probability, particularly for patients with a poorer prognosis. The findings suggest that long-term CRC survivors may experience improved cancer prognosis over time.
“European” Originality in Copyright Law in the English Case of THJ Systems Ltd. v. Sheridan
Authors: Rahmatian Andreas
Published: May 2024

The recent Court of Appeal case THJ Systems v. Sheridan (THJ Systems Ltd. v. Sheridan [2023] EWCA Civ 1354, [2024] E.C.D.R. 4, CA, 20 November 2023) is of great interest because it confirms the test for originality in copyright law in the UK after Brexit. The result of this decision is not too surprising, but the judicial clarification is nevertheless welcomed.
Investigation of additively manufactured lattice structures for refractive optical systems based on auxetic properties
Authors: Frasch Johannes , von Lukowicz Henrik , Risse Stefan
Published: May 2024

This paper reports on a novel concept of thermally stable lattice structures for next-generation refractive optical systems. The aim is to develop a metallic mount for optical lenses based on auxetic structures fabricated by additive manufacturing. Auxetic structures exhibit an effective negative Poisson ratio at the macroscopic level. This property is used to develop a mounting structure that compensates for thermal defocus between refractive optical elements. Numerical and experimental studies of the mechanical behavior of additively manufactured body-centered cubic cells provide the basis for the development of this application-specific mounting structure. Several static load cases are analyzed and deviations between numerical and experimental data are examined to quantify differences in dependence of element type, element size, and manufacturing-related geometrical inaccuracies. These results are used to compare the numerical analysis of the Poisson ratio of an auxetic unit cell with the analytical descriptions. This comparison is then applied to two-dimensional auxetic unit cell compounds. These studies provide the basis for the further development process of an auxetic mounting structure.
Influence maximization on temporal networks: a review
Authors: Yanchenko Eric , Murata Tsuyoshi , Holme Petter
Published: May 2024

Influence maximization (IM) is an important topic in network science where a small seed set is chosen to maximize the spread of influence on a network. Recently, this problem has attracted attention on temporal networks where the network structure changes with time. IM on such dynamically varying networks is the topic of this review. We first categorize methods into two main paradigms: single and multiple seeding. In single seeding, nodes activate at the beginning of the diffusion process, and most methods either efficiently estimate the influence spread and select nodes with a greedy algorithm, or use a node-ranking heuristic. Nodes activate at different time points in the multiple seeding problem, via either sequential seeding, maintenance seeding or node probing paradigms. Throughout this review, we give special attention to deploying these algorithms in practice while also discussing existing solutions for real-world applications. We conclude by sharing important future research directions and challenges.
Transnational companies in environmental conflicts: Rio Tinto, anti-mining resistance in Serbia, and the contradictions of Europeanization
Authors: Stuehlen Christin , Anderl Felix
Published: May 2024

After decades of outsourcing mining activities, Global North governments have begun to domesticate production sites. This strategy aligns with decarbonization goals but also contributes to the emergence of new environmental conflicts and protest movements. The analysis of these movements provides an important insight into the changing shape of transnational rule in the context of resource extraction for the European Green Deal. Building on the approach to reconstruct rule from resistance, we reconstruct the anti-mining resistance movement against a lithium mine in Serbia. Tracing their tactics and addressees, we identify three main conflict actors that the movement is opposed to (the transnational mining company Rio Tinto, the Serbian government, and the European Union (EU)). By addressing these institutions, the protesters do not only constitute a multifaceted conflict constellation around the Jadar project, but they also submit an argument about who can and who is allowed to dictate to others how they ought to behave. While all involved parties play their part, the EU appears more as a structural force during the conflict, preconfiguring the possible conduct of others. Particularly, the accession process places contradictory expectations on Serbia, both enabling and restricting the agency of the government and domestic protest movements. Yet, transnational companies are likely profiting from this constellation in the long run, because the inbuilt contradiction between a commitment to green policies and a pressure to open markets to foreign investments in the context of the accession process is conducive to that end.
AlFloos: a balanced dataset for the sixth issue of the Saudi Arabian currency banknote*
Authors: Bati Ghassan F.
Published: May 2024

Artificial Intelligence, especially machine learning, is considered by many researchers the new electricity and an important building block of the fourth industrial revolution. Saudi Arabia is amongst the first nations worldwide to realize this importance and apply it in its school systems at various levels. This interest motivates researchers to create Arabic datasets for research and educational purposes, particularly with the popularity of English sources and the absence of Arabic sources. This study attempts to lessen this gap by creating for the first time ever a dataset for the sixth issue of the Saudi Arabian currency and analyzing it using the famous machine learning tools: Orange Data Mining, Google Teachable Machine, and Liner.ai, which require no coding. The importance of the study to the community is as follows: 1—It provides the first work ever to establish a balanced dataset for the sixth issue of the Saudi Arabian currency banknote, which contains images for the banknote denominations and the tabular data generated using deep learning. 2—It is the first scientific work that uses shallow machine learning and deep learning models to create good-performing models for classifying the sixth issue of the Saudi Arabian currency without coding. This work paves the way for researchers and those interested from various fields and backgrounds to develop machine learning applications to classify the sixth issue of the Saudi Arabian currency, especially in mobile phones or in microcontrollers, to inspire multiple IoT and Tiny machine learning applications like currency recognition and classification for special needs people, automatic counting and sorting of banknotes in banks and stores, and fake currency detection.
Cognitive pairwise comparison forward feature selection with deep learning for astronomical object classification with sloan digital sky survey
Authors: Yuen Kevin Kam Fung
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes a hybrid approach integrating the expert knowledge judgment approach using the Cognitive Pairwise Comparison (CPC) to the Deep Learning, a modern classification approach, for astronomic object classification. The astronomic data with ten thousand samples retrieved from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Sky Server Data Release 15 (SDSS SkyServer DR 15) are used for this study. The CPC is an approach to elicit and encode expert knowledge in the format of a Pairwise Opposite Matrix (POM) to evaluate expert preferences for the features. A forward feature selection algorithm taking the expert choices using CPC for the ordered features is used for the feature selection for the deep learning algorithm to build a heuristic training model based on the astronomic data. Whilst the accuracy of the case of improper feature selection is just 37.1%, the proposed hybrid approach can obtain a very high accuracy of 97.9% for the classification of the astronomic object using the eight scaled features (u, g, r, i, z redshift, ra, dec). To extend this research, the proposed CPC can be used as a human-centered tool to be applied to other areas of data sciences.
Introducing User Feedback-Based Counterfactual Explanations (UFCE)
Authors: Suffian Muhammad , Alonso-Moral Jose M. , Bogliolo Alessandro
Published: May 2024

Machine learning models are widely used in real-world applications. However, their complexity makes it often challenging to interpret the rationale behind their decisions. Counterfactual explanations (CEs) have emerged as a viable solution for generating comprehensible explanations in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). CE provides actionable information to users on how to achieve the desired outcome with minimal modifications to the input. However, current CE algorithms usually operate within the entire feature space when optimising changes to turn over an undesired outcome, overlooking the identification of key contributors to the outcome and disregarding the practicality of the suggested changes. In this study, we introduce a novel methodology, that is named as user feedback-based counterfactual explanation (UFCE), which addresses these limitations and aims to bolster confidence in the provided explanations. UFCE allows for the inclusion of user constraints to determine the smallest modifications in the subset of actionable features while considering feature dependence, and evaluates the practicality of suggested changes using benchmark evaluation metrics. We conducted three experiments with five datasets, demonstrating that UFCE outperforms two well-known CE methods in terms of proximity, sparsity, and feasibility. Reported results indicate that user constraints influence the generation of feasible CEs.
Microsatellite instability in gastric cancer: molecular features and clinical implications
Authors: Zhang Ziwei , Liu Zheng , Gu Yuan , Luo Rongkui , Tang Zhaoqing , Sun Yihong , Wang Xuefei
Published: May 2024

Gastric cancer (GC), a molecularly and phenotypically highly heterogeneous malignancy, is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project identifies the microsatellite instability (MSI) subtype of GC, which has garnered increasing attention due to its relatively favorable survival outcome and better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The occurrence of MSI is closely associated with the defects in mismatch repair system, subsequently leading to the accumulation of mutations in cell genome, particularly in microsatellites. Based on the exclusive features of MSI GC, several detection methods like immunohistology have been developed to determine MSI status clinically, with novel detection methods developing. It is clinically observed that MSI GC tends to have a better response to ICIs treatment while its response to chemotherapy is controversial, necessitating further investigation into the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we systemically summarized the molecular features, detection method, clinico-pathological characteristics and prognosis of MSI GC, offering a comprehensive overview of this unique GC subtype.
Uncertainty reduction strategies to enhance geotechnical site characterization: a case study of the red roof landslide in Wyoming
Authors: Oluwatuyi Opeyemi E. , Ng Kam W. , Wulff Shaun S. , Ree Taylor
Published: May 2024

This study presents a method for identifying strategic locations to drill additional boreholes by quantifying and reducing subsurface uncertainties in geotechnical site investigations. The case study is the Red Roof landslide site located near milepost 140 on US Highway 26/89 in Teton County, Wyoming. A landslide remediation report had recommended additional boreholes before completion of the project. Two primary sources of uncertainty in geomaterials, namely geological and ground, are evaluated to determine the locations for these additional boreholes. The study aims to enhance site characterization and improve the accuracy of geotechnical assessments by strategically selecting and drilling additional boreholes that will reduce these subsurface uncertainties. The method involves reviewing and collecting the available site investigation data. An extensive geostatistical simulation is conducted based on the available data to identify spatial locations at the site that have uncertain subsurface conditions. Data from the additional boreholes could be utilized in these areas to reduce the uncertainty. This approach aligns with the current multi-phasing of site investigation in engineering practice, where a preliminary investigation is conducted before a detailed investigation. The results show that the locations of additional boreholes identified using this method differ from the ones earlier recommended, showcasing the effectiveness of the methodology in this application. This study also provides insights into effective strategies for reducing uncertainties through strategic borehole placement in similar geotechnical investigations. By quantifying geological and ground uncertainties, the method enables informed decision-making for slope stability analysis and risk assessment, with implications for infrastructure stability and geohazard mitigation.
Strategizing With Institutional Theory
Authors: Sminia Harry
Published: May 2024

This text consults seven variants of institutional theory to explore how these can be applied to strategic management. These variants are New Institutional Economics, Old Institutionalism, New Institutionalism, institutional entrepreneurship and change, intra organizational institutionalization, institutional logics, and institutional work. In doing so, three strategic management styles are distinguished: competitiveness based strategic management, legitimacy based strategic management, and performativity based strategic management. While the competitive based style sees institutional theory submitting to mainstream strategy research, offering additional variables and considerations to explain competitive advantage, the legitimacy based style makes institutional theory a strategy theory in its own right by providing an explanation for an organization's viability that emphasizes legitimacy over competitive advantage. The performativity based style is an even more radical departure from mainstream strategizing by purporting that a future is actively created with organizations making contributions as emerging issues are being dealt with.
Cyclic coverings of genus curves of Sophie Germain type
Authors: Naranjo J.C. , Ortega A. , Spelta I.
Published: May 2024

We consider cyclic unramified coverings of degree d of irreducible complex smooth genus

$2$

curves and their corresponding Prym varieties. They provide natural examples of polarized abelian varieties with automorphisms of order d. The rich geometry of the associated Prym map has been studied in several papers, and the cases

$d=2, 3, 5, 7$

are quite well understood. Nevertheless, very little is known for higher values of d. In this paper, we investigate whether the covering can be reconstructed from its Prym variety, that is, whether the generic Prym Torelli theorem holds for these coverings. We prove this is so for the so-called Sophie Germain prime numbers, that is, for

$d\ge 11$

prime such that

$\frac {d-1}2$

is also prime. We use results of arithmetic nature on

$GL_2$

-type abelian varieties combined with theta-duality techniques.
Are you how you eat? Aspects of self-awareness in eating disorders
Authors: Coutinho Bruna de Moura Cortes , Pariz Caio Gomes , Krahe Thomas E. , Mograbi Daniel C.
Published: May 2024

Eating disorders (ED) are severe psychiatric disorders characterized by dysfunctional behaviors related to eating or weight control, with profound impacts on health, quality of life, and the financial burden of affected individuals and society at large. Given that these disorders involve disturbances in self-perception, it is crucial to comprehend the role of self-awareness in their prevalence and maintenance. This literature review presents different self-awareness processes, discussing their functioning across different levels of complexity. By deconstructing this concept, we can gain a better understanding of how each facet of self and personality relates to the symptoms of these disorders. Understanding the absence or impairment of self-awareness in ED holds significant implications for diagnosis, treatment, and overall management. By recognizing and comprehending the characteristics of self-awareness, clinicians can develop tailored interventions and evidence-based treatments for individuals with ED. Furthermore, this narrative review underscores the importance of considering temperament and personality factors in the context of ED, as temperament traits and personality characteristics may interact with self-awareness processes, influencing the development and maintenance of ED. Ultimately, the results highlight the pressing need for further research on the development of effective interventions and support strategies grounded in the aspects of self-awareness mechanisms for individuals affected by these disorders.
The Alluvial Geoarchaeology of the Upper River Kennet in the Avebury Landscape: a Monumental Transformation of a Stable Landscape
Authors: FRENCH CHARLES , CAREY CHRIS , ALLEN MICHAEL J. , TOMS PHILIP , WOOD JAMIE , DE SMEDT PHILIPPE , CRABB NICHOLAS , SCAIFE ROB , GILLINGS MARK , POLLARD JOSHUA
Published: May 2024

Geoarchaeological research as part of the AHRC funded Living with Monuments (LwM) project investigated the upper Kennet river system across the Avebury World Heritage landscape. The results demonstrate that in the early–mid-Holocene (c. 9500–1000 bc) there was very low erosion of disturbed soils into the floodplain, with floodplain deposits confined to a naturally forming bedload fluvial deposit aggrading in a shallow channel of inter-linked deeper pools. At the time of the Neolithic monument building in the 4th–early 3rd millennium bc, the river was wide and shallow with areas of presumed braid plain. Between c. 4000 and 1000 bc, a human induced signature of soil erosion became a minor component of fluvial sedimentation in the Kennet palaeo-channel but it was small scale and localised. This strongly suggests that there is little evidence of widespread woodland removal associated with Neolithic farming and monument building, despite the evidently large timber requirements for Neolithic sites like the West Kennet palisade enclosures. Consequently, there was relatively light human disturbance of the hinterland and valley slopes over the longue durée until the later Bronze Age/Early Iron Age, with a predominance of pasture over arable land. Rather than large Neolithic monument complexes being constructed within woodland clearings, representing ancestral and sacred spaces, the substantially much more open landscape provided a suitable landscape with areas of sarsen spreads potentially easily visible. During the period c. 3000–1000 bc, the sediment load within the channel slowly increased with alluvial deposition of increasingly humic silty clays across the valley floor. However, this only represents small-scale landscape disturbance. It is from the Late Bronze Age–Early Iron Age when the anthropogenic signal of human driven alluviation becomes dominant and overtakes the bedload fluvial signal across the floodplain, with localised colluvial deposits on the floodplain margins. Subsequently, the alluvial archive describes more extensive human impact across this landscape, including the disturbance of loessic-rich soils in the catchment. The deposition of floodplain wide alluvium continues throughout the Roman, medieval, and post-medieval periods, correlating with the development of a low-flow, single channel, with alluvial sediments describing a decreasing energy in the depositional environment.
Curiosity is more than novelty seeking
Authors: Litovsky Yana , Horn Samantha , Olivola Christopher Y.
Published: May 2024

The novelty-seeking model (NSM) does not offer a compelling unifying framework for understanding creativity and curiosity. It fails to explain important manifestations and features of curiosity. Moreover, the arguments offered to support a curiosity–creativity link – a shared association with a common core process and various superficial associations between them – are neither convincing nor do they yield useful predictions.
Getting curiouser and curiouser about creativity: The search for a nuanced model
Authors: Horton C. Blaine , Mason Malia F.
Published: May 2024

Ivancovsky et al. propose a novelty-seeking model linking curiosity to creativity. This commentary suggests integrating their work with a stage-based creativity model for additional insights. It also encourages readers to address knowledge gaps identified by the authors, including factors that trigger the pursuit of creative solutions. We aim to refine theory and direct future research to clarify the complex curiosity–creativity relationship.
Commentary on creativity and curiosity
Authors: Runco Mark A.
Published: May 2024

The target article covers a large amount of ground and offers a provocative perspective. This commentary focuses on (a) assumptions, namely that there are discrete stages in the creative process and that novelty and usefulness are inextricable, (b) hidden variables in the creativity–curiosity relationship, and (c) the difference between an explanation of creativity versus a description of influence on it.
Beyond novelty: Learnability in the interplay between creativity, curiosity and artistic endeavours
Authors: Omigie Diana , Bhattacharya Joydeep
Published: May 2024

Using art and aesthetics as context, we explore the notion that curiosity and creativity emanate from a single novelty-seeking mechanism and outline support for the idea. However, we also highlight the importance of learning progress tracking in exploratory action and advocate for a nuanced understanding that aligns novelty-seeking with learnability. This, we argue, offers a more comprehensive framework of how curiosity and creativity are related.
Be curious: Strategic curiosity drives creativity
Authors: Karwowski Maciej , Zielińska Aleksandra
Published: May 2024

Ivancovsky et al. provide a compelling argument for the role of curiosity in creative thinking. We argue that (a) trait-like curiosity is necessary to engage in creative actions and (b) state-like curiosity might be effectively and strategically induced during interventions. Thus, we posit that curiosity works in an agentic and strategic way in strengthening creativity.
Computational models of intrinsic motivation for curiosity and creativity
Authors: Becker Sophia , Modirshanechi Alireza , Gerstner Wulfram
Published: May 2024

We link Ivancovsky et al.'s novelty-seeking model (NSM) to computational models of intrinsically motivated behavior and learning. We argue that dissociating different forms of curiosity, creativity, and memory based on the involvement of distinct intrinsic motivations (e.g., surprise and novelty) is essential to empirically test the conceptual claims of the NSM.
Mindfulness, curiosity, and creativity
Authors: Pagnini Francesco , Maymin Philip , Langer Ellen
Published: May 2024

Curiosity and creativity are manifestations of novelty-seeking mechanisms, closely intertwined and interdependent. This principle aligns seamlessly with the foundational tenets of Langerian mindfulness, which places novelty seeking as a cornerstone. Creativity, curiosity, openness, and flexibility all harmoniously converge in this framework. Spanning over four decades, research in the realm of mindfulness has diligently delved into the intricate interplay among these constructs.
“Above the Written Law”: Iran-Contra and the Mirage of the Rule of Law
Authors: McPherson Alan
Published: May 2024

Why have scandalous sprees of lawbreaking by U.S. government officials proven so seductive yet so difficult to prosecute? This article takes the Iran-Contra scandal of the Reagan–Bush era as an instructive case study and red flag in the attitudinal erosion of the belief in the rule of law among American conservatives. Before the scandal broke, officials and legal counsels willfully mis-interpreted a clear prohibition to fund counter-revolutionaries and fabricated a post-facto presidential permission in order to sell weapons to Iran without congressional oversight. Congress's assumption that government officials would obey its statutes resulted in neither wrongdoing being punishable by criminal sanctions. Conservatives therefore argued that ends justified neglecting certain laws while also denying they had broken any laws. Prosecutors found themselves compelled to prosecute Iran-Contra's defendants over more prosaic crimes such as lying and stealing rather than more abstract and damaging ones. President George H. W. Bush's pardon of Iran-Contra defendants contributed to an impunity that further eroded the American rule of law to this day.
Real-world case series of maintenance theta burst stimulation therapy following response to acute theta burst stimulation therapy for difficult-to-treat depression
Authors: Noda Yoshihiro , Fujii Kyoshiro , Nakajima Shinichiro , Kitahata Ryosuke
Published: May 2024

Objective

Treatment and management for difficult-to-treat depression are challenging, especially in a subset of patients who are at high risk for relapse and recurrence. The conditions that represent this subset are recurrent depressive disorder (RDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). In this context, we aimed to examine the effectiveness of maintenance transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on a real-world clinical basis by retrospectively extracting data from the TMS registry data in Tokyo, Japan.

Methods

Data on patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant RDD and BD who received maintenance intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) weekly after successful treatment with acute iTBS between March 2020 and October 2023 were extracted from the registry.

Results

All patients (21 cases: 10 cases with RDD and 11 cases with BD) could sustain response, and 19 of them further maintained remission. In this study, maintenance iTBS did not exacerbate depressive symptoms in any of the cases, but may rather have the effect of stabilizing the mental condition and preventing recurrence.

Conclusions

This case series is of great clinical significance because it is the first study to report on the effectiveness of maintenance iTBS for RDD and BD, with a follow-up of more than 2 years. Further validation with a randomized controlled trial design with a larger sample size is warranted.
Possibility of Lunar Crustal Magmatism Producing Strong Crustal Magnetism
Authors: Liang Y. , Tikoo S. M. , Krawczynski M. J.
Published: May 2024

The Moon generated a long‐lived core dynamo magnetic field, with intensities at least episodically reaching ∼10–100 μT during the period prior to ∼3.56 Ga. While magnetic anomalies observed within impact basins are likely attributable to the presence of impactor‐added metal, other anomalies such as those associated with lunar swirls are not as conclusively linked to exogenic materials. This has led to the hypothesis that some anomalies may be related to magmatic features such as dikes, sills, and laccoliths. However, basalts returned from the Apollo missions are magnetized too weakly to produce the required magnetization intensities (>0.5 A/m). Here, we test the hypothesis that subsolidus reduction of ilmenite within or adjacent to slowly cooled mafic intrusive bodies could locally enhance metallic FeNi contents within the lunar crust. We find that reduction within hypabyssal dikes with high‐Ti or low‐Ti mare basalt compositions can produce sufficient FeNi grains to carry the minimum >0.5 A/m magnetization intensity inferred for swirls, especially if ambient fields are >10 μT or if fine‐grained Fe‐Ni metals in the pseudo‐single domain grain size range are formed. Therefore, there exists a possibility that certain magnetic anomalies exhibiting various shapes such as linear, swarms, and elliptical patterns may be magmatic in origin. Our study highlights that the domain state of the magnetic carriers is an under‐appreciated factor in controlling a rock's magnetization intensity. The results of this study will help guide interpretations of lunar crustal field data acquired by future rovers that will traverse lunar magnetic anomalies.
Examination of Magnetic Field Signatures and Local Plasma Distribution Variations in Jupiter's Magnetosphere
Authors: Kaminker Vitaliy
Published: May 2024

Spinning disk of plasma results in deformation of Jupiter's magnetic field from a dipole to a magnetodisc configuration with significant radial and azimuthal components. Polar orbit of the Juno spacecraft enables a comprehensive in situ observation of Jupiter's plasmadisc at different latitudes. Observations from magnetometer and plasma distribution instruments on Juno mission were used to examine interaction of magnetic field and heavy ions in Jupiter's nightside magnetosphere. Power spectrum analysis was used to evaluate magnetic fluctuations inside and outside of the plasmadisc. Extensive radial maps of magnetic activity in Jupiter's nightside magnetosphere are presented. Comprehensive examination of magnetic fluctuations enable to identify local plasma density variations that correlate with plasma distribution count rate fluctuations. Observations of magnetic signatures together with examination of plasma distribution are used to detect features that point to plasma transport inside and outside of Jupiter's plasmadisc. This work shows that plasma in Jupiter's magnetosphere is contained near centrifugal equator and is not a subject to curvature drift that could generate ring currents. Signatures described as current sheet crossings were investigated. On close inspection these signatures show attributes that belong to stand alone formations rather than a single current sheet structure. This work shows that current flow is not an adequate mechanism to explain deformation of Jupiter's magnetic field.