bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ficus exasperata vahl improves manganese-induced neurotoxicity and motor dysfunction in mice
Authors: Fafure A.A. , Adekeye A.O. , Enye L.A. , Tijani A.A. , Ajao M.M. , Edem E.E.
Published: April 2021

Manganese is an important element in the biological system, however, excessive exposure may lead to a neurological disorder known as manganism. The present study sought to investigate the ameliorative effects of Ficus exasperata Vahl (E.Vahl) on motor function and neuronal integrity of the Substantia nigra (SNc) and Corpus striatum (CPu) after acute exposure to manganese. Fifty adult male Balb/c mice weighing between 25 – 35g were divided into 5 groups – Group A (normal saline), Group B (Manganese), Group C (E.Vahl), Group D (Post-treatment), Group E (concurrent treatment). Manganese was intraperitoneally administered at 40mg/kg b.w, while E.Vahl orally at 200 mg/kg b.w. Motor coordination was assessed in the animals using Rotarod and Parallel Bar tests. Animals were later sacrificed; brain tissue extracted and processed for histology/immunohistochemistry. Manganese-exposed group showed decreased motor activity on the Rotarod test. Decreased motor activity shown by the increase in latency of turn (LoF) was recorded in the Parallel Bar test. Manganese induced activation of microglia and astrocytic cells in the SNc and CPu, which plays an important role in neurodegeneration as observed in the reduction of TH cells. Indistinct Nissl granules were also noticed in the manganese-exposed group. Treatment with E.Vahl produced significant motor improvement, as well as ameliorative effect on the histoarchitecture of the SNc and CPu. The present investigation has demonstrated the motor-enhancing and neuro-restorative potential of E.Vahl after manganese exposure in adult mice.Key Word: Neurodegeneration; Manganism; Ficus exasperata; Rotarod; immunohistochemistry.
The gender and side asymmetry of length of the styloid process
Authors: Smit Jan HT , Breen H
Published: April 2021

The styloid process is a sharp bony projection, at the base of the skull, and part of the temporal bone. Muscles and ligaments are attached to this process, but they are rarely of any clinical significance unless the styloid process is fractured or severely elongated. Pathology of the styloid process is referred to as Eagle’s syndrome. This was after a publication by Eagle (1937) in which he reported a 4% prevalence of elongated styloid processes. Later studies reported much higher percentages of elongated processes. The aims of this study was to investigate the mean length of the styloid process and compare this with what is accepted as the “normal” length after the Eagle publication. The study also looked at evidence of asymmetry between the two sides within the same specimen. Comparison in the lengths between the two sexes were also made. Forty-five styloid processes from 28 different individuals were measured for comparison. The sample group consisted out of 18 males- and 10 female subjects. The lengths of the styloid processes varied from 7.17 – 50.54mm, with a mean of 27.48mm. Styloid processes were on average 0.87mm longer on the right side and 3.12mm longer in the male specimens. This mean length of 27mm supports the claim by Eagle that the “normal” length is around 25mm. Ten out of 25 individuals (40%) exhibited “elongated” styloid processes measuring over 25mm. These findings were higher than those reported by Eagle. Elongated styloid processes are clinically important in order to make the correct diagnosis.Keywords: Styloid process; Eagel’s Syndrome; Elongated (abnormal length) styloid process.
Morphology of Intestinal Goblet Cells of The Dromedary (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Mohamed AMA , Taha AAM , Ali AM
Published: April 2021

Morphology of the goblet cells in the intestine of the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius ) was carried out by light and electron microscopes. Histologically, the goblet cells appeared as globular or ovoidshaped with basally located flat nuclei. They were dispersed among the columnar cells lining the epithelia of the villi and crypts of Lieberkuhn, and they increased greatly in number towards the rectum. Goblet cells showed positive reaction to (PAS) stain. Ultrastructurally, the scanning electron microscopy showed villi with rough surface which displayed goblet cells and microvilli in the small intestine. In the large intestine, the surface of the mucosal fold was characteristically covered by goblet cells and epithelial cells. The ultrastructure of the goblet cells showed the cell membrane lacked microvilli and the cytoplasm contained numerous large spherical granules of mucin, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. The nucleus containing eccentric nucleolus, chromatin and heterochromatin materials.Key words: dromedary, goblet cells, intestine, morphology
Retracted: The use of reflective practice to promote pharmacy students’ metacognition in a foundation anatomy course
Authors: Wessels Quenton , Du Plessis Anneli , Du Plessis Adéle , Bouman Denise
Published: April 2021

This article has been retracted.Students’ ability to characterise their learning approaches has the potential to enhance their overall educational experience and guides educators to tailor their pedagogical approaches. The aim here, through students’ reflective practice, is to promote their metacognition. Also, to gain insights to pharmacy students’ initial approaches to studying anatomy and their perceived value of anatomy as a subject. The study also aimed to contextually capture students’ perceptions on their transition from secondary to tertiary education. This cross-sectional study entailed the use of reflective practice to promote metacognition in first year pharmacy students (Bachelors of Pharmacy students (n = 67)), at the University of Namibia’s School of Pharmacy. Results of this study indicate the initial learning approaches of most students to be haphazard. Students used varied, non-departmental resources to guide their learning whilst a few followed structured learning approaches. Results further indicate that students’ gradual transition and evolving metacognition appear to start during the initial few months of tertiary education. This transition appears to include feelings of apprehension, uncertainty and distress. Reflective practice appears creates awareness amongst students of possible gaps in their learning approaches and promote the value of anatomy as an undergraduate subject. Data suggests that the formal incorporation of reflective practice as a metacognitive learning activity promotes students’ metacognition by elucidating possible gaps in their learning approaches.Keywords: Learning approaches, anatomy, pharmacy students, reflective practice, metacognition
Gestational and neurodevelopmental effects of black mustard seeds’ (Brassica nigra) extract in wistar rats
Authors: Enaibe Bernard Ufuoma , Arogundade Tolulope Timothy , Adigun Oluwaseun , Adigun Foyeke Munirat , Yawson Emmanuel Olusola
Published: April 2021

This study investigated the effect of the crude aqueous extract of Brassica nigra (Black Mustard Seeds) in gestation and on the prefrontal cortex of newborn Wistar rats at different doses following prenatal administration. Eighteen (18) adult female rats weighing an average of 180±10g were used. The female rats were split into 3 groups of six animals; Group A received distilled water throughout gestation, Group B received 200 mg/kg body weight of extract throughout gestation, and Group C received 100 mg/kg body weight of extract throughout gestation). Rat pups from the experimental groups were sacrificed on postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 and subsequently prepared through routine histological and histochemical procedures. Brassica nigra was abortifacient at 200 mg/kg body weight and reduced litter size at 100 mg/kg body weight. No observed physical deformities in pups of treated groups. Comparative prefrontal microarchitecture revealed little to no alteration in the treated group. This study concludes that Brassica nigra (black mustard) is not totally innocuous and as such, should be moderately consumed or totally avoided in pregnancy.Keywords: Brassica nigra; Mustard seeds; Gestation; Neurodevelopment.
The anatomy of the Lamina terminalis and Cisterna Chiasmatica: A cadaveric study at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Syamuleya Vivienne Nambule , Sing’ombe Isaac , Mutalife Fridah , Mutemwa Sikhanyiso , Kafumukache Elliot , Erzingatsian Krikor
Published: April 2021

The Lamina Terminalis represents an important neuroanatomical structure by which third Ventriculostomy could be performed into the subarachnoid space through the Cisterna Chiasmatica. Recent studies have indicated a role for Lamina Terminalis fenestration in approaching pathologies of the third ventricle. However, there is limited knowledge on the anatomical features, variations and the vasculature of the Lamina Terminalis in a Zambian population. This study was aimed to explore the anatomy of the Lamina Terminalis, the Cisterna Chiasmatica and its neurovascular  relationships as seen in a Zambian population and compare with the findings in the literature. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional design in which 32 post-mortem human cadaveric brains were systematically sampled. The Lamina Terminalis region was examined in 27 male cadavers and five female cadavers of age range between 25 and 66 years (mean 34.1 ± 9.2years). Data was collected using a data collection form, entered and analyzed by descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22. Mean and standard deviations were used to describe variables. The base of the brain was detached from the floor of the cranial cavity and the Lamina Terminalis exposed fully by retracting both optic nerves and the optic Chiasma posteroinferiorly. Thetriangular Lamina Terminalis measurements were performed as the distance between the midportion of the upper aspect of the chiasma and the lower aspect of the anterior commissure (height), which averaged 8.6 ±1.0mm. The distance between the medial edges of the optic tracts (base) averaged 13.1 ±1.1mm and the area averaged 56.9 ± 11.6mm2. The Lamina Terminalis membrane showed variations in appearance; 20 were transparent with a large dark midline gap and 10 were less translucent with a slender midline gap and two were indistinct. The Cisterna Chiasmatica was observed as a dilated subarachnoid space adjacent to the Optic Chiasma. For neurovascular relationships, 24 cadavers showed arterioles arising from the posterosuperior aspect of the anterior cerebral artery to perforate the anterior perforating substance(s), supplying the chiasma, and optic tracts; whereas, eight cadavers showed arterioles arising  posteroinferiorly and ramifying on the Lamina Terminalis. The Lamina Terminalis membrane is variably developed. There are variations in the membrane appearance, measurements and neurovascular relationships. These findings will supplement a knowledge gap in neuroanatomy and help prevent complications during Lamina Terminalis fenestration in approaching pathologies of the third ventricle.Key words: Lamina Terminalis, Cisterna Chiasmatica, Third Ventriculostomy
The use of reflective practice to promote pharmacy students’ metacognition in a foundation anatomy course
Authors: Wessels Quenton , Du Plessis Anneli , Du Plessis Adéle , Bouman Denise
Published: April 2021

Students’ ability to characterise their learning approaches has the potential to enhance their overall educational experience and guide educators to tailor their pedagogical approaches. The aim here, through students’ reflective practice, is to promote their metacognition. Also, to gain insights to pharmacy students’ initial approaches to studying anatomy and their perceived value of anatomy as a subject. The study also aimed to contextually capture students’ perceptions on their transition from secondary to tertiary education. This cross-sectional study entailed the use of reflective practice to promote metacognition in first year pharmacy students (Bachelors of Pharmacy students (n = 67)), at the University of Namibia’s School of Pharmacy. Results of this study indicate the initial learning approaches of most students to be haphazard. Students used varied, non-departmental resources to guide their learning whilst a few followed structured learning approaches. Results further indicate that students’ gradual transition and evolving metacognition appear to start during the initial few months of tertiary education. This transition appears to include feelings of apprehension, uncertainty and distress. Reflective practice creates awareness amongst students of possible gaps in their learning approaches and promote the value of anatomy as an  undergraduate subject. Data suggests that the formal incorporation of reflective practice as a metacognitive learning activity promotes students’metacognition by elucidating possible gaps in their learning approaches.Keywords: Learning approaches, anatomy, pharmacy students, reflective practice, metacognition
Retracted: Supracondylar Osteochondroma in a Black South African Population
Authors: Ofusori David A. , Komolafe Omobola A. , Ajayi Sunday A , Abiodun Adeleke A.
Published: April 2021

This journal has been retracted by the Editor.Osteochondroma is a condition characterized by a benign outgrowth of bone  on the surface of another bone. The present study reports the presence of  osteochondroma in the supracondylar region of the right femur of a Black  South African during a routine osteological study. The diameter of the   exostosis measured 15.7 mm at the tip and 26.3 mm at the base. The exostosis is about 30.8 mm from the base of the epicondyle. It is 24.8 mm in length. Gross examination suggests a feature of osteochondroma.Keywords: Femur, Osteochondroma, South Africa, tumor
Morphometric evaluations of intercondylar distances using computed tomographic scan images in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Zirahei J.V. , Amaza D.S. , Mailabari H.Y. , Buba H , Mado Ali A.
Published: April 2021

Knowledge of the anatomy of the occipital condyle (OC) and the structures around it is significant in sex determination and in surgical operations involving the basicranium. The present study attempts to evaluate the anterior occipital intercondylar distance (AOID) and posterior occipital intercondylar distance (POID) in the sample population as well as its variability in different populations. The sample population for the present study comprised of computed tomographic (CT) images of 110 patients (60 males and 50 females) aged 18–65 years obtained from the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State-Nigeria. Males presented significantly higher mean values for both the parameters measured (p<0.001). Mean values of AOID in males and females are respectively 24.15 mm and 22.31 mm, while the POID mean values are 26.83 mm and 23.79 mm. The ratio of POID to AOID is 1.1:1.0 in both males and females in the sample. This ratio varies from population to population.
An anatomical perspective: does the male greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) have a scrotum?
Authors: Adebayo A.O. , Adegbesan Z.A. , Okandeji M.E. , Mustapha O.A. , Olude M.A. , Akinloye A.K.
Published: April 2021

We evaluated the anatomy of the “scrotal” skin pouch in an attempt to answer the question of whether (or not) there exist true scrotum in the greater cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus). The “scrotal” skin folds from ten (10) matured male cane rats were morphologically and morphometrically studied with samples routinely processed for histology. Grossly, the pouch has features like fine hair on thin skin and longitudinal raphae typical of scrotum in other species. The histoarchitecture of the “scrotal” skin in the cane rat follows the normal scrotal pattern and the arrangements of the cutaneous strata, hair follicles and glands were similar in animals with perineal staining and those without perineal stain. The cane rat scrotal skin, though different in conformation from the scrotum of other mammalian species, has all the properties of a true scrotum thereby establishing the presence of scrotum in the greater cane rat.Keywords: Scrotum, Greater cane rat, Skin Pouch, Perineal staining
Histochemical assessment of Moringa – oleifera oil and walnut oil on cadmium induced lateral geniculate body damage in developing male Wistar rats (Rattus novergiccus)
Authors: Omotoso O.D. , Adelakun S.A. , Akwu B.P. , Ogbonna E. , Idomeh I.J.
Published: April 2021

The brain is vulnerable to oxidative damage due to its high oxygen consumption. This Study investigate the effects of cadmium on the lateral geniculate body of developing male wistar rats and ameliorative potential of Moringa oleifera seed oil and walnut oil extracts. Seven groups of five animals each were used in this experiment. Group A received 3ml of 0.9% normal saline; group B received 2.5mg/kg bw of 3CdSO4.8H2O, group C received 5mg/kg bw vitamin C & 6mg/kg bw vitamin E, group D received 5mg/kg bw vitamin C & 6mg/kg bw vitamin E + 2.5mg/kg bw Cd, group E received 2.5mg/kg bw Cd + 4mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera oil, group F received 2.5mg/kg bw Cd + 4mg/kg bw walnut oil, while group G received 2.5mg/kg bw Cd + 2mg/kg bw walnut + 2mg/kg bw Moringa oleifera oil concomitantly for 3weeks. Parameter tested includes LDH, G6PD in brain tissues, SOD and GPx enzymes in brain homogenates and serum and cresyl fast violet stain in the brain tissues. Cd administration significantly increased SOD, GPx, LDH and decreased G6PD level in brain tissue and decreased their activity in serum when compared with Group A control rats. There was marked reduction and lost in the distribution of nissl substances of the studied tissues of Cd administered animals. However, administration of vitamin C & E, walnut and Moringa oleifera oil restored damaged tissues. Walnut and Moringa oleifera seed oil therefore attenuated the oxidative damage and morphological changes induced by cadmium in the lateral geniculate body of the brain of the young male wistar rats.Key Words: Lateral geniculate body, Antioxidant, Histochemical, Cadmium, Oxidative Damage
An incidental case of uterus didelphys and fibroids: Right sided myomectomy and left hemi-hysterectomy
Authors: Mashala J.N. , Wekesa D. , Chemwey R. , Pulei A. , Kihara A.
Published: April 2021

Congenital anomalies of the uterus occur due to agenesis or lack of fusion of the Mullerian ducts. The incidence of these anomalies is largely  unknown since they are unlikely to be diagnosed in asymptomatic women. Uterine didelphys or double uterus occurs when the two Mullerian ducts  fail to fuse resulting in duplication of the uterus and cervix. This report discusses a case of a 38-yearold woman who had presented with a longstanding history of abnormal uterine bleeding and cyclical pain. She had had two successful vaginal deliveries prior to presentation to our unit. Sonographic findings revealed large uterine myomas and was consented for open myomectomy. Intraoperatively she was found to have two uteri, both of which had intramural fibroids and two cervices.

Keywords: didelphys uterus, fibroid.
Gross anatomical features and osteometric variables of the scapula of the african tree squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus), house (Rattus Rattus) and wistar rats
Authors: Kazeem Ekeolu Oyetunde , Oyewole Omirinde Jamiu , Ifukot Usende Levi
Published: April 2021

This study comparatively investigated gross features and osteometric variables in scapula of three rodents: tree squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus ),  house (Rattus Rattus ) and Wistar rats. A total of thirty three animals (11 per rodent species) were used for the study. The rodents were  anaesthetized using ketamine and xylazine combination (80 mg/kg: 10 mg/kg body weight), sacrificed and processed for scapular bone extraction by burying method. Grossly, the scapular bones are flattened in all the rodents and have various shapes; semicircular in squirrel and roughly  triangular in both Rattus rattus and Wistar rats. The scapula of the squirrel bears a hook-like acromion process and a distinct subscapular spine. Osteometric variables; scapular width and length of scapular neck are significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the squirrel relative to other rodents. While the length of glenoid and diameter of infra spinatous fossa in Rattus rattus as well as the scapular spine length in squirrel respectively show marked increase when compared to other rodents.

Keywords: Funisciurus anerythrus, Rattus rattus , Wistar, scapula, morphology, osteometry, comparative
A review of telocytes in cardiovascular tissue and their role in angiogenesis
Authors: Ongidi Ibsen , Abdulsalaam Fadhila , Otieno Harry , Odero Noel , Pulei Anne , Obimbo Moses , Ongeti Kevin
Published: April 2021

Telocytes are interstitial cells characterized by small cell bodies with very long and slender processes extending from them. They are present in most tissues and are most commonly found in close association with nerves, smooth muscle and microvascular networks in tissue interstitial space. Telocytes maintain tissue homeostasis in various ways including modulation of electrical activity, regulation of stem cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The role of telocytes in blood vessels stems from a structural and functional coupling to vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. This review explores the distribution of telocytes in cardiovascular tissues, their mechanisms in angiogenesis and application of this property in tissue regeneration. The literature search was conducted on PubMedTM, Science directTM and African Journals Online databases as well as Google ScholarTM search engines. The keywords used in the literature search included ‘telocytes’, ‘cardiovascular telocytes’, ‘blood vessel’, ‘cardiac tissue’, ‘(neo-)angiogenesis’ and ‘tissue regeneration’. Articles which contained the keywords and relevant citations from their reference lists were included in the study. In conclusion, telocytes display close structural relationship with cardiovascular tissues. They play an angiogenesis inducing role which may be explored as a therapeutic target in tissue repair and regeneration.

Keywords : cardiovascular telocytes, interstitial Cajal-like cell, regeneration, angiogenesis
A rare case of anatomical variation of the femoral artery and vein
Authors: Ba B. , Touré T. , Kanté A. , Koné M. , Kouamenou K.D. , Koné M. , Guissé F. , Coulibaly T. , Ongoïba N. , Koumaré A.K.
Published: April 2021

During a dissection of the two femoral trigons in a female corpse, about 14 years old, we discovered on the right side, the deep artery of the thigh arising from the medial side of the femoral artery and passed in front of the femoral vein above the mouth of the great saphenous vein; on both sides, there was the presence of a collateral canal which communicated the external iliac vein with the femoral vein on the right, on the left, it communicated the external iliac vein with the quadricipital vein. The lower part of the femoral vein was duplicated on both sides, but on the right, there was an interconnecting channel between the two trunks of the duplication. Variations of the femoral vessels are very frequent and can be responsible for an incident during the practice of certain gestures at the level of the femoral trigon such as: catheterization of the femoral artery or vein, the treatment of femoral hernias.

Key words: Deep thigh artery, collateral venous canal, external iliac vein, anatomic variations.
FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST PUBLIC HEALTH FINANCING IN NIGERIA: AN EMPIRICAL REVIEW
Authors: Tayo-Ladega Oluwadamisi , Abdullahi Taye Mohammed , Islam K. M. Anwarul
Published: April 2021

An effective and quality health care service is one of the fundamental visions of every government to its citizenry because it is only the healthy people that can be governed and will value developmental projects. Citizens having access to quality health services translate to significant development in modern society. Therefore, the provision of adequate funds for the sector is essential. However, the Nigeria health care sector is currently confronted with colossal issues that should be surmounted to enhance effective and quality health care delivery to the citizens. This study is rooted in the evidence of appropriate works of literature in the financing of public health care services in Nigeria. From the extant works of the literature surveyed, it was revealed that public health care services in Nigeria are financed by revenue that is accrued from public tax, funding from donors, health insurance, and direct payments made by individuals. Furthermore, public health service is mostly financed by direct payments made by individuals with the government. The most perturbing issues combating public health care financing are direct payments made by individuals, poor government funding, health care policy defects in implementation, and corruption scandals. On this note, the study recommended an effective and robust government funding of public health, implementation of sound health care policies, efficient monitoring of public funds utilization, and discouraging foreign medical trips.

JEL Classification Codes: A19, B10, B25, C10, C53.
Modelo computacional de clasificación de aprendizaje de máquina supervisado, para el análisis de datos cardiovas-culares y pronóstico médico
Authors: Blanc-Pihuave Glenda , Cevallos-Torres Lorenzo , Arteaga-Vera José
Published: April 2021

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares son un problema de salud pública en Ecuador y todo el mundo, por lo que este trabajo investigativo propone el diseño de un modelo computacional de clasificación a través del uso de técnicas de machine Lear-ning, con el apoyo de modelos probabilísticos que permitan modelar los factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Este modelo está basado en Redes Bayesianas, que, en base a los factores de riesgo de la enfermedad, mostrará como resul-tado el porcentaje que tiene el paciente de contraer la misma. Se aplicó la metodología de investigación documental que aporte con el conocimiento necesario para la realización de este proyecto en el cual se realizaron pruebas para verificar el comportamiento de cada una de las variables utilizadas en el modelo probabilístico, el cual brindará resultados eficientes y en un corto periodo de tiempo, siendo así una herramienta de apoyo en la toma de decisiones para los expertos.
A Doutrina Social no Magistério de Francisco
Authors: Trevisan Tiago , Wolff Elias
Published: April 2021

A Doutrina Social da Igreja apresenta orientações de como viver o Evangelho nas relações sociais e com todas as criaturas, propondo ações concretas para a construção da paz e da justiça nas relações entre pessoas, povos e nações. Francisco com o seu magistério social contribui de modo significativo para superar as dificuldades que o mundo enfrenta para afirmar a dignidade da vida humana e de toda a criação. O presente artigo aborda alguns temas sociais no magistério de Francisco, que compõem a doutrina social da Igreja num modo bem próprio do seu pontificado. A metodologia adotada neste artigo consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa. As fontes primordiais são os documentos emanados pelo papa Francisco e comentários a respeito em livros e artigos científicos. A perspectiva da análise é a teologia conciliar e latino-americana. A conclusão é que Francisco, inserido na história atual da humanidade e atento às suas múltiplas questões, desenvolve processos que, fundamentados na fé cristã, incidem na vida das pessoas e dos povos, convocando ao encontro e diálogo que possibilita cooperação para transformar o que não condiz com a vida na dignidade, na justiça e na paz, condições para a fraternidade universal.
Perceived Effectiveness of E-Learning Among Parents of School-Going Children during Covid 19 in Karachi – An Analytical Review
Authors: Iqbal Sobia , Burney Shumaila , Hanafi Munazza Rahim
Published: April 2021

The study stems from the recognition of the social impact of the pandemic, where a significant aspect was relevant to dissemination of education during the pandemic. The immediate response by school management and teachers and the adoption of an alternate learning strategy by parents and school children has indeed been a matter of grave concern. This study attempts to analytical review the existing online learning and its effectiveness in terms of (i) communication and coordination (ii) instructional design (iii) utilization of relevant medium as perceived by parents of school going children. Based on the premise that online education was embraced as their remained no other choice for a child’s connectivity to his/her regular school activities, it is believed that it is critical to anticipate whether online education would be willingly adopted by parents and children if given a choice during COVID-19 Pandemic. The research conclusions are based on the results of a survey conducted among parents of children enrolled in private schools in Karachi. The study explores perceptions regarding various aspects of online education such as learner interactions with course content, student interactions with instructors, a more favourable software application for child’s educational progress, most convenient channel of communication with school management, most engaging instructional design and effective medium for online education to analytically review how school children are coping with the change in learning models.
Autonomous Motivation among Employees of Public Sector Medical University: The Role of Demographic Characteristics
Authors: Maryam Moula Maryam Moula , Sharif Muhammad Akram , Wajidi Faraz A.
Published: April 2021

To determine employee autonomous motivation and find out the effect of age and Gender on autonomous motivation among employees working in public sector medical university, Karachi. A Cross-sectional study design was used to conduct this study among employees of public sector medical university. The duration of the study was three months. The sample size of the study was 384. The response rate was 78%, 300 out of 384 duly filled questionnaires were collected. A probability random sampling technique was used to collect data. SPSS software was applied to analyze the collected data. Mean ±SD and % & n were explored for Quantitative and Qualitative variables, respectively. T-Test and one-way ANOVA were applied to test hypotheses. P-Value <0.05 was considered significant. 59.3% (n=178) were males. 46% (n=138) were females in age between 25 to 31 years. 53.7 % (n=161) respondent reported their marital status as single. The mean age of the respondents was 30.16±7.03. Factors that motivate employees included salary (34%), positive feedback (26.3%), felt very proud when did well at work (52%), learnt new things (57.7%), , had a feeling of accomplishment (35.3%), Solving work issues made them feel important (26.7%), felt guilty if didn’t accomplish a job-related task (45.3%). The t-test and ANOVA revealed significant effect of gender; t (298) = -2.81, p-value = 0.005, CI [-3.77, -0.66] and age; F (5,294) =2.56, p-Value = 0.027 on employees’ autonomous motivation. It was observed proven that there was a significant effect of gender and age on employee’s autonomous motivation.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEEDS AND SEED OIL OF Afraegle paniculata (Rutaceae)
Authors: Babatunde O. , Ajayi G. , Ajayi O. O. , Ajayi I. A.
Published: April 2021

Afraegle paniculata (Schumach. & Thonn.) Engl. commonly known as Nigerian powder-flask is a plant of rutaceae family found in West Africa from Senegal to Nigeria. The chemical composition of seeds and seed oil of Afraegle paniculata were evaluated in this study. The seed oil was obtained by soxhlet extraction using n-hexane. Chemical composition analyses involved proximate, mineral element, physicochemical and phytochemical. The percentage mean value of the proximate analysis revealed that the seeds contained 28.81±0.02 % crude fat, 25.03±0.12 % crude protein, 10.90±0.03 % moisture, 3.11±0.01 % ash, 25.19±0.02 % crude fibre and 6.96±0.14 % carbohydrate. The mineral element analysis result showed that potassium (114.87 mg/l) was the predominant mineral element followed by magnesium (47.20±0.037 mg/l) and sodium (45.37±0.53 mg/l). Other minerals present were calcium (2.12±0.014 mg/l), iron (1.12±0.028 mg/l), copper (0.41±0.002 mg/l), zinc (0.39±0.094 mg/l) and manganese (0.29±0.005 mg/l). The oil was liquid at room temperature and golden yellow in appearance. The recorded pH, acid, peroxide, iodine, saponification, ester and oil yield values were 3.94, 1.29 mgKOH/g, 17.57 meq/kg, 42.24 mgI2/100g, 203.76 mgKOH/g, 202.47 mgKOH/g, 40.77 % w/w respectively . The presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, steroids and anthraquinone were evident in the phytochemical screening of the seed oil. Nutritional profile of A. paniculata seed could offer a scientific basis for use of the seeds and oils both in human diet and some commercial products. Keywords: Afraegle paniculata, proximate, mineral elements, physicochemical and phytochemical.
Isolation and Characterization of Secondary Metabolite from the Stem Bark Extract of Allophylus africanus Beauv (Sapindaceae)
Authors: Kwekowe C.G. , Johnbull E.O. , Otuokere I.E.
Published: April 2021

Isolation of secondary metabolites from the stem bark of Allophylus africanus Beauv (Sapindaceae) was carried out. The plant has a wide distribution in West Africa, with Nigeria (Mambila Plateau, Calabar) inclusive. It has been used in communities for both its medicinal and economic importance. The stem bark of A. africanus was extracted by percolation using chloroform as solvent and concentrated by evaporation at room temperature. Single spot with an Rf value of 0.87 was obtained at a solvent mixture of hexane: chloroform at ratio 2:8 from finger column chromatography . Characterization using spectra analysis which include FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, H-H COSY, H-C COSY, 135 DEPT and mass spectroscopy.  Spectroscopic  studies  of  A. Africanus stem bark extract led to the elucidation of the structure of the compound.  FT-IR spectrum indicates  that the compound is an aromatic derivative. Aromatic protons where seen at the 1H-NMR chemical shift values of 7.25 ppm. Olefinic protons at 5.124,  5.146  and  6.162  ppm  appeared  as  doublets  of  doublets  of  doublets. The  compound  1-((E)- 7(((1E,5E)-6-((2,3-dimethyl-4-(((E)-3,4,5,6-tetramethyldeca-7,9-dien-2-yl)oxy)pentyl)oxy)-3,4- dimethylhexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)oxy)hept-4-en-1-yl)-4-propylbenzene was isolated.
AN ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF VIOLENCE REDUCTION PSYCHOEDUCATION PROGRAM ON COMMUNICATION, CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND EMPATHY SKILL LEVELS OF ADOLESCENT STUDENTS
Authors: Akan Yunus
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the "Violence Reduction Psychoeducation Program (VRPP) for Students Aged 11-18" on the levels of communication, conflict resolution and empathy skills of secondary school students. This research was designed as a semi-experimental design defined as "Pretest-Post-test Control Group Model". The study group of the research consisted of 120 students studying in the Selçuklar secondary school affiliated to the Mersin Provincial Directorate of National Education in the 2018-2019 academic year. "Communication Skills Evaluation Scale", "Empathy Scale for Children and Adolescents" and "Determination of Conflict Resolution Behavior Scale" were used as data collection tools. The program was applied to the experimental group for 8 consecutive weeks with 1 60-70-minute session per week at 11 o'clock on Mondays in the conference hall of the school. Independent sample t-test and ANCOVA were used to analyze the data of this research. As a result of the research, it was found that program increased the students' level of communication, empathy and conflict resolution skills in the experimental group. In line with the results obtained, suggestions such as systematic and planned implementation of the developed program at certain hours as part of the curriculum within the scope of the psychological counseling and guidance services were made.

 

 Article visualizations:
INOVAÇÃO EM LOGÍSTICA E OPERAÇÕES: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO SOBRE GESTÃO DE ESTOQUES NO BRASIL
Authors: Rosa Arthur Antonio Silva , Bastos Thalita Emanuelle Farias , Silva Brunno da , Ribeiro Kárem Cristina de Sousa
Published: April 2021

No contexto da inovação empresarial, a gestão do estoque tem se destacado em virtude da sua importância para a lucratividade, retorno sobre o capital investido e como estratégia para suportar a definição de vantagem competitiva para a organização. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar as principais características dos artigos publicados sobre gestão de estoques e inovação no Brasil entre 2010 e 2018, sob o ponto de vista do método de controle abordado. Para se atingir o objetivo, utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliométrica com abordagem quantitativa e a coleta de dados foi realizada através da plataforma SPELL. Os principais resultados demonstram que a maioria dos artigos sobre gestão de estoques foram publicados em 2016, possuem dois autores, a Instituição de Ensino que mais autores estão afiliados foi a USP, os métodos mais abordados foram o LEC, Just in time e Curva ABC que abordam a gestão de estoque de forma tradicional sem acréscimo de inovação. Já os que abordam aspectos inovadores, estão relacionados à tecnologia da informação. O estudo contribuiu para a definição do perfil de publicações sobre o tema, auxiliando na definição de trabalhos futuros.
GESTÃO DE CUSTOS NA VISÃO DE BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT: UMA SIMULAÇÃO COM O MÉTODO DE CUSTEIO ACTIVITY BASED COSTING
Authors: Eyerkaufer Marino Luiz , Rengel Rodrigo , Wamser Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

Este estudo objetiva definir a modelagem na visão de Business Process Management (BPM) de um processo de trabalho em uma empresa prestadora de serviços contábeis e seu custeamento por meio do método Activity Based Costing (ABC). A pesquisa é descritiva quanto aos objetivos e qualitativa quanto à abordagem do problema, empírica na forma de um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa prestadora de serviços contábeis de Santa Catarina. Os resultados demonstram que o método de custeio ABC pode ser aplicado por meio da visão de BPM na mensuração dos processos de trabalho, sendo útil tanto para medição dos valores dos processos, quanto como instrumento para o gerenciamento das diversas atividades das empresas prestadoras de serviços contábeis. Conclui-se que o principal desafio da gestão de custos na visão do BPM em processos de trabalho é a implantação do modelo, bem como a sua onerosidade nesta fase, por outro lado, as organizações que persistem com este modelo de gestão unificado ao método de custeio ABC, reúnem informações relevantes e precisas que permitem redução de custos, assim como a melhoria contínua dos processos e consequentemente a prestação dos serviços de qualidade.
GESTÃO DE CUSTOS COM COMUNICAÇÃO INTEGRADA DE MARKETING NAS CLÍNICAS DE FISIOTERAPIA E ESTÉTICA NO MUNICÍPIO DE PIRIPIRI-PI
Authors: Silva Laise Do Nascimento , Barroso Elane Dos Santos Silva , Lima Geane Maria Oliveira , De Lemos Jane Gabriela Soares , Da Silva Edvaldo Pio
Published: April 2021

A Comunicação Integrada de Marketing (CIM) tem sido bastante valorizada e utilizada nos planos estratégicos das empresas visto que potencializa o alcance dos objetivos, fornece maior conexão com o cliente e eleva os resultados de venda. Mas, para que ocorra o equilíbrio organizacional também é essencial a contabilidade de custos. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa levantou como problemática: Os gestores das clínicas de fisioterapia e estética do munícipio de Piripiri identificam a Comunicação Integrada de Marketing como despesa ou investimento? Objetivou-se de forma geral averiguar a concepção que os gestores dessas clínicas têm sobre a CIM, levando em consideração sua classificação como despesa ou investimento. E especificamente, identificar o perfil das clínicas de fisioterapia e estética em Piripiri-PI; averiguar se existem o uso de ferramentas para controle de custos e quais elementos da CIM são empregados por essas empresas. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado contendo 27 questões para os gestores das empresas. A pesquisa apontou que 60% dos empresários fazem seu próprio controle de custo e apenas 20% têm o auxílio de um contador. Em relação ao marketing integrado os dados mostraram que 80% conhecem razoavelmente e 20% não apresentam nenhum conhecimento, mas, visualizam os gastos com essa ferramenta como um investimento. 60% utiliza a propaganda, 20% a publicidade e o marketing direto. Conclui-se que existe a necessidade de conhecimento para a tomada de decisões em relação ao controle de custos.
O IMPACTO DOS USOS INTERATIVO E DIAGNÓSTICO DOS ORÇAMENTOS SOBRE A EFICÁCIA DAS EQUIPES: RETORNANDO AO BÁSICO
Authors: Assis Gabriel Corrêa Teles , Sancovschi Moacir , Rezende José Francisco
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo reafirmar que, nas unidades organizacionais onde a incerteza da tarefa é baixa, os orçamentos são usados diagnosticamente e, nas unidades onde a incerteza da tarefa é alta, os orçamentos são usados interativamente; e que a adoção dos estilos de uso dos orçamentos adequados ao nível de incerteza da tarefa contribui para a eficácia coletiva percebida em equipes formais de trabalho e para a eficácia destas equipes. Através de um estudo de caso, foram entrevistados representantes da Coordenação de Geodésia e da Supervisão de Gravimetria, duas unidades do IBGE que desempenham atividades com níveis de incerteza distintos. Conforme esperado, observou-se que, na Coordenação de Geodésia, que realiza tarefas com elevado nível de incerteza, o orçamento é usado de forma interativa e há a percepção de que a eficácia coletiva e a eficácia da equipe são satisfatórias. Na Supervisão de Gravimetria, que desempenha tarefas com baixo nível de incerteza, o orçamento é usado de forma diagnóstica e há a percepção de que a eficácia coletiva e a eficácia da equipe também são satisfatórias. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é reiterar que a análise e o projeto de sistemas de controle não podem prescindir de uma avaliação do nível de incerteza das tarefas onde eles são ou serão adotados.
Strategies to Manage Tocilizumab Supply During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Morris Andrew M. , Bean Sally , Bell Chaim M. , Betts Martin , Gibson Jennifer , Graham Christopher , Greenberg Rebecca , Juni Peter , Justo Julie Ann , Langford Bradley , Leung Elizabeth , McCreary Erin K. , Munshi Laveena , Murthy Srinivasan , Raybardhan Sumit , Stall Nathan M. , Steiner Robert , Pai Menaka
Published: April 2021

Tocilizumab is an anti-inflammatory medication that acts by inhibiting interleukin-6 (IL-6) and is shown to improve outcomes including mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen. Ontario supply of tocilizumab is limited, and tocilizumab demand in Ontario might exceed supply in the near future. A strategy that includes using a fixed, single intravenous dose of 400 mg for eligible patients will help extend available supply and is likely effective in treatment of COVID-19. Sarilumab, another IL-6 inhibitor, can be considered as a substitute. Additional options to consider to optimize tocilizumab use include the use of a provincial dashboard to help monitor and allocate use and estimating supply-to-demand adequacy. Likewise, a centralized allocation lottery system could be employed as soon as predicted demand exceeds supply to help ensure fair allocation. However, other issues may need to be taken into account for allocation decisions, as appropriate.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PORTABLE HOUSEHOLD WATER DEVICE FOR IMPROVING DRINKING WATER QUALITY IN NIGERIA
Authors: Akinbomi J.G. , Odika I.I.
Published: April 2021

Pipe borne water supplied to Nigerian households may not always meet the accepted drinking water quality standards due to possible water pipe damage. The objective of this study was, therefore, to develop a portable water filter device for improving household drinking water quality. Five litres of representative tap water samples collected from Lagos State University Staff quarters were passed through the developed device. The experimental variables investigated for data acquisition were aeration period of untreated tap water; device backwashing operation cycles and retention times of tap water in the filter device. The results of the analyses of water samples for the various values of the experimental variables showed that the range values of water parameters between the treated and untreated tap water samples were 0.04-0.05, 0.02-0.03, 0.04-0.12, 0.3-0.4, 125-137, 10-20, 3-10 mg/L for barium, chromium, iron, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, hardness and chloride, respectively. Although the developed device helped in improving the quality of the tap water; the p-values for the different experimental variables were greater than α-level of 0.05 indicating the non-significance of using the developed water device. Consequently, future study will consider other experimental variables that will justify the significance of using the developed device.
THE PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN KAGARKO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Magaji Peter John , Magaji J. Y.
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to of investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites among school children in Kagarko Local Government Area of Kaduna State.

Methodology: Random sampling was adopted in selecting a sample of five schools with a population of 235 pupils was used for the study. The instrument for the study was the questionnaire used to elicit in information on the risk factors. Also 50 pupils were randomly selected, 10 each from the five selected schools for the stool investigations. The saline/iodine wet mouth procedure was used in the analysis of the stool samples.

Findings: Results showed that poor sanitary conditions, inadequate potable water supply, lack of personal hygiene education and lack of de-worming of children enhanced the spread of intestinal parasitic infection. An overall prevalence of 66% was recorded. A total of 6 species of intestinal parasites were recorded in this study. This includes Hookworm, Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides stercoralis, Schistosoma mansoni, and Entamoeba coli respective prevalence rates of 33.3%, 24.2%, 18.2%, 12.1%, 9.1% and 3.0%. The highest prevalence of 27.3% was recorded in Kutaho, followed by Kushe and Jere with 21.2% each while the least prevalence of 12.1% as recorded in Kagarko. The 11-13 years age group had the highest prevalence of (45.5%), followed by the 8-10 years age group (36.4%), and then the 14 years and above with the least (6.1%). Sex-specific prevalence was higher in males (57.6%) than females (42.4%).

Recommendations: The results suggests that Children should be taught on regular personal hygiene. There is also need for Public Health Education on personal hygiene practices in the communities, large scale de-worming campaigns in all primary schools in the area and the host communities.