bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O uso de vídeos como recurso pedagógico no ensino remoto
Authors: Santos Thais Fernanda dos Santos dos , Andrade Susimeire Vivien Rosotti de
Published: October 2021

A pandemia da COVID-19 ocasionou a substituição do ensino presencial pelo ensino remoto emergencial. Este artigo consiste num relato de experiência de uma professora do ensino fundamental durante a elaboração, acompanhamento e correção das atividades no município de Foz do Iguaçu (Paraná) em uma escola pública. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica que evidenciou a relação das tecnologias e o ensino remoto, apresentando como foram utilizados vídeos como recurso pedagógico num momento pandêmico que foi desafiador e enriquecedor para a prática pedagógica da professora. Conclui que as vivências do ensino remoto podem contribuir nas discussões de desenvolvimento de políticas educacionais voltadas para educação pública.
O teletrabalho durante a pandemia da covid- 19: indicadores da intensificação do trabalho docente
Authors: Medeiros Danyela Martins
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo de identificar  os indicadores de intensificação do trabalho docente da rede pública do Distrito Federal durante a jornada de teletrabalho na pandemia da COVID-19.A partir da análise das respostas obtidas pela aplicação de questionário sobre o trabalho docente no período remoto, aos professores da rede pública, foi possível concluir sobre as consequências da junção entre trabalho remunerado e não remunerado no mesmo tempo e espaço: a sobrecarga de trabalho, intensificação – indicada pelo alongamento de tempo da jornada, pelo acúmulo de atividades e  gestão de resultados com a autorresponsabilização sobre os processos de ensino e de aprendizagem influenciadas pelas dinâmicas atuais das políticas educacionais.
Direito à educação em tempos de pandemia: uma análise de estratégias institucionais da Universidade de Brasília
Authors: Moreira Ana Maria de Albuquerque , Nogueira Danielle Xabregas Pamplona , Santos Catarina de Almeida , Leite Letícia Lopes
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo são analisadas as ações implementadas para o ensino remoto na Universidade de Brasília durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Questiona-se de que maneira as políticas para a permanência e a formação com qualidade foram articuladas à utilização de novas tecnologias digitais no ensino remoto para a garantia do direito à educação superior diante das desigualdades sociais acentuadas na pandemia da Covid-19. A análise foi realizada em três etapas: identificação de prioridades, ações implementadas e avaliação dos resultados, utilizando dados da pesquisa social com a comunidade universitária e relatórios de gestão. Nos resultados, observa-se a importância da democratização do acesso às novas tecnologias digitais para o ensino de graduação, que ganhou nova dimensão com a pandemia.
Determining Factors of Purchase Intention in Personalized Website Context for Indonesian Consumers
Authors: Sakina Mutiara , Ali Syaiful
Published: October 2021

Personalized services can increase customer satisfaction, encourage emotionalÂ consumers, help consumers choose a product, and build relationships between serviceÂ providers and consumers. This study combines the variables embedded in TechnologyÂ Acceptance Model (TAM), Theory Planned Behavior (TPB), shopping experience,Â enjoyment, and trust in a research framework model, to examine factors determiningindividual purchase intentions with personalization features on online shopping sites.Â This study uses primary data obtained by the online survey method. The number of samples analyzed in this study is 303 e-commerce consumers in Indonesia. This studyÂ proves that consumer purchase intentions on websites with personalization areÂ positively and significantly related to three factors: the perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, and trust. Furthermore, the results also show that the utilitarian value isÂ more influential on these factors than the hedonic value. Further implications of theÂ research results are also discussed in this paper.
Gestión del riesgo de incendio en Hispanoamérica: reformas urbanísticas, medidas normativas y circulación de saberes (siglos XV-XIX)
Authors: De Nardi Loris , Cordero Fernández Macarena
Published: October 2021

Las políticas de gestión de riesgo de las autoridades hispanas en los territorios peninsulares y americanos orientadas a disminuir la existencia de incendios pueden considerarse un campo casi inexplorado por la historiografía institucional y jurídica. A partir de una muestra de ejemplos y del examen de dos casos de estudio específicos, relativos a Cuba y Filipinas, este artículo se propone entregar una primera panorámica de las reformas urbanísticas y medidas normativas que permitieron a las autoridades intervenir sobre el tejido urbano para reducir la vulnerabilidad al fuego de las ciudades hispanoamericanas, reglamentar o censurar todos aquellos comportamientos considerados productores de riesgo de incendio y disciplinar a la población respecto de la importancia de no manejar el fuego de manera imprudente o negligente. Labor que se vio complementada con los estudios y obras de “policía y de higiene” respecto a la reducción del riesgo de incendio, que circularon en el ámbito hispánico.
Comparison of polynomial fitting versus single time point analysis of ECIS data for barrier assessment
Authors: Suresh Karthik , Servinsky Laura , Johnston Laura , Punjabi Naresh M. , Dudek Steven M. , Damarla Mahendra
Published: October 2021

Electrical cell‐substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) is an in vitro methodology for measuring the barrier integrity of a variety of cell types, including pulmonary endothelial cells. These experiments are frequently used for in vitro assessment of lung injury. The data derived from ECIS experiments consists of repeated measures of resistance across an endothelial monolayer. As such, these data reflect the dynamic changes in electrical resistance that occur over time. Currently methodologies for assessing ECIS data rely on single point assessments of barrier function, such as the maximal drop in trans‐endothelial electrical resistance (TERMax). However, this approach ignores the myriad of changes in resistance that occur before and after the TERMax data point. Herein, we utilize polynomial curve fitting on experimentally generated ECIS data, thus allowing for comparing ECIS experiments by examining the mean polynomial coefficients between groups. We show that polynomial curves accurately fit a variety of ECIS data, and that concordance between TERMax and coefficient analysis varies by type of stimulus, suggesting that TERMax differences may not always correlate with a significant difference in the overall shape of the ECIS profile. Lastly, we identify factors that impact coefficient values obtained in our analyses, including the length of time devoted to baseline measurements before addition of stimuli. Polynomial coefficient analysis is another tool that can be used for more comprehensive interrogation of ECIS data to better understand the biological underpinnings that lead to changes in barrier dysfunction in vitro.
Sex differences in anatomic plasticity of gut neuronal–mast cell interactions
Authors: Schwerdtfeger Luke A. , Tobet Stuart A.
Published: October 2021

The gut wall houses mast cells that are anatomically situated near enteric neuronal fibers. Roles of specific neuropeptides in modulating function of immune components like mast cells in response to challenge with bacterial components are relatively unknown. Investigating such interactions requires models that include diverse cellular elements in native anatomic arrangements. Using an organotypic slice model that maintains gut wall cellular diversity ex vivo, the present study compared responses between tissues derived from male and female mice to examine neural‐immune signaling in the gut wall after selected treatments. Ileum slices were treated with pharmacological reagents that block neuronal function (e.g., tetrodotoxin) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors prior to challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to assess their influence on anatomic plasticity of VIP fibers and activation of mast cells. Sex differences were observed in the number of mucosal mast cells (c‐kit/ACK2 immunoreactive) at baseline, regardless of treatment, with female ileum tissue having 46% more ACK2‐IR mast cells than males. After challenge with LPS, male mast cell counts rose to female levels. Furthermore, sex differences were observed in the percentage of ACK2‐IR cells within 1 µm of a VIP+ neuronal fiber, and mast cell size, a metric previously tied to activation, with females having larger cells at baseline. Male mast cell sizes reached female levels after LPS challenge. This study suggests sex differences in neural‐immune plasticity and in mast cell activation both basally and in response to challenge with LPS. These sex differences could potentially impact functional neuroimmune response to pathogens.
Life, Lawfulness, and Contingency: Kant and Schelling on Organic Nature
Authors: Fisher Naomi
Published: October 2021

In theCritique of the Power of Judgment,Kant calls purposiveness the “lawfulness of the contingent”. I argue that this should be interpreted not as lawfulness assumed in order to remove unacceptable mechanical indeterminacy, but rather as an additional kind of lawfulness which, in the case of organisms, inexplicably coincides with mechanical determination. Schelling adapts Kant’s notion of natural purposiveness in his own conception of the relation between mechanism and organism. He states in his 1798 work,On the World Soul, that nature is “lawless in its lawfulness, and lawful in its lawlessness”. This should be interpreted similarly: there is a coincidence of two orders of lawfulness in nature. However, while Kant maintains that the coincidence or unity of these two orders is inexplicable for beings like us, Schelling explains the unity by assigning these laws to distinct levels of operation in nature. Organic organization is generated by a second-order operation of an organic principle on the first-order mechanical forces that are characteristic of matter. Schelling thereby builds on Kant’s thirdCritiqueframework in a creative way in order to offer a more fully unified account of nature. In this account, mechanism and organism maintain distinct roles but are both grounded in a further, higher principle.
Clarkson inequalities related to convex and concave functions
Authors: Gao Fugen , Li Meng
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we obtain some norm inequalities involving convex and concave functions, which are the generalizations of the classical Clarkson inequalities. Let A
1, …, A

n
be bounded linear operators on a complex separable Hilbert space

H

$\mathcal{H}$

and let α
1, …, α

n
be positive real numbers such that

∑

j
=
1

n

α

j

=
1

$\sum\limits^{n}_{j=1}\alpha_{j}=1$

. We show that for every unitarily invariant norm,

If f is a non-negative function on [0, ∞) such that f(0) = 0 and

g
(
t
)
=
f
(

t

)

$g(t)=f(\sqrt{t})$

is convex, then

|

|

|

∑

j
=
1

n

α

j

f
(

|

A

j

|

)

|

|

|

≥

|

|

|

∑

j
,
k
∈

S

ℓ

(

f

(

α

j

α

k

4

α

ℓ

(
1
−

α

ℓ

)

|

A

j

+

A

k

−
2

∑

j
=
1

n

α

j

A

j

|

)

+
f

(

α

j

α

k

(
2

α

ℓ

−
1
)

4

α

ℓ

(
1
−

α

ℓ

)

|

A

j

−

A

k

|

)

)

+
f

(

|

∑

j
=
1

n

α

j

A

j

|

)

|

|

|

$$\begin{align*}\bigg|\bigg|\bigg|\sum\limits^{n}_{j=1}\alpha_{j}f(|A_{j}|)\bigg|\bigg|\bigg|&\geq\bigg|\bigg|\bigg|\sum\limits_{j,k\in S_{\ell}}\bigg(f\bigg(\sqrt{\frac{\alpha_{j}\alpha_{k}}{4\alpha_{\ell}(1-\alpha_{\ell})}}\;\bigg|A_{j}+A_{k}-2\sum\limits^{n}_{j=1}\alpha_{j}A_{j}\bigg|\bigg)\\&\qquad+f\bigg(\sqrt{\frac{\alpha_{j}\alpha_{k}(2\alpha_{\ell}-1)}{4\alpha_{\ell}(1-\alpha_{\ell})}}|A_{j}-A_{k}|\bigg)\bigg)+f\bigg(\bigg|\sum\limits^{n}_{j=1}\alpha_{j}A_{j}\bigg|\bigg)\bigg|\bigg|\bigg|\end{align*}$$

for ℓ = 1, …, n.

If f is a non-negative function on [0, ∞) such that

g
(
t
)
=
f
(

t

)

$g(t)=f(\sqrt{t})$

is concave, then the inverse inequality holds. Here, the symbol S
ℓ = {1, …, n} ∖ {ℓ} for ℓ ∈ {1, …, n}.

In addition, we provide some applications of the above inequalities.
The role of delta-like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1) in cancer
Authors: Pittaway James F H , Lipsos Constantinos , Mariniello Katia , Guasti Leonardo
Published: October 2021

Delta-like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1) is a cleavable single-pass transmembrane protein and a member of the Notch/Delta/Serrate family. It is paternally expressed and belongs to a group of imprinted genes located on chromosome band 14q32 in humans and 12qF1 in mice. DLK1 is expressed in many human tissues during embryonic development but in adults expression is low and is mostly restricted to (neuro)endocrine tissues and other immature stem/progenitor cells (notably hepatoblasts). However, DLK1 is expressed at a high frequency in many common malignancies (liver, breast, brain, pancreas, colon and lung). More recently, high levels of expression have been identified in endocrine-related cancers such as ovarian and adrenocortical carcinoma. There is growing evidence that DLK1 expression in cancer is associated with worse prognosis and that DLK1 may be a marker of cancer stem cells. Although the exact mechanism through which DLK1 functions is not fully understood, it is known to maintain cells in an undifferentiated phenotype and has oncogenic properties. These effects are partly exacted through interaction with the Notch signalling pathway. In this review, we have detailed the functional role of DLK1 within physiology and malignancy and posited a mechanism for how it exacts its oncogenic effects. In describing the expression of DLK1 in cancer and in healthy tissue, we have highlighted the potential for its use both as a biomarker and as a potential therapeutic target.
Lysates of Metschnikowia yeast with higher content of hydroxyproline
Authors: Pawlikowska Ewelina , Szymańska Monika , Berłowska Joanna , Kręgiel Dorota
Published: October 2021

The chemical characteristics of lysates obtained from yeasts belonging to Metschnikowia spp. were determined. Cell lysis was induced using saponin from Q. saponaria or 5% NaCl. The process was conducted at 50 °C for 24 for 48 h. The enzymatic profiles of the resulting lysates were analyzed. The mannose and glucose contents were also investigated, as well as the concentrations of proteins, free amino nitrogen (FAN), and free amino acids. The results were compared to the characteristics of lysates from conventional industrial strains of Saccharomyces spp. obtained under analogous conditions. The Metschnikowia lysates showed different chemical profiles and the pool of individual amino acids was generally smaller. However, the content of hydroxyproline HPro was 4 to 5 times higher. The results of this study show that yeast lysates are an attractive supplement for numerous applications.
Reducing Benzodiazepine Exposure by Instituting a Guideline for Dexmedetomidine Usage in the NICU
Authors: Morton Sarah U. , Labrecque Michelle , Moline Mark , Hansen Anne , Leeman Kristen
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Midazolam is a benzodiazepine sedative used in NICUs. Because benzodiazepine’s effects include respiratory depression and potential detrimental developmental effects, minimizing exposure could benefit neonates. Dexmedetomidine is routinely used for sedation in older pediatric populations. We implemented a quality improvement initiative with the aim of decreasing midazolam infusions by 20% through use of dexmedetomidine.

METHODS

A multidisciplinary committee created a sedation guideline that included standardized dexmedetomidine dosing escalation and weaning. Baseline data collection occurred from January 2015 to February 2018, with intervention from March 2018 to December 2019. Percentage of sedation episodes with dexmedetomidine initiated was followed as a process measure. Outcomes measures were percentage of eligible infants receiving midazolam infusions and midazolam-free days per sedation episode. Bradycardia with dexmedetomidine, unplanned extubation rates, and morphine dosage were monitored as balancing measures.

RESULTS

Our study included 434 episodes of sedation in 386 patients. Dexmedetomidine initiation increased from 18% to 49%. The intervention was associated with a significant reduction in midazolam initiation by 30%, from 95% to 65%, with special cause variation on statistical process control chart analysis. Midazolam-free days per sedation episode increased from 0.3 to 2.2 days, and patients receiving dexmedetomidine had lower midazolam doses (1.3 mg/kg per day versus 2.2 mg/kg per day, P = 5.97 × 10−04). Bradycardia requiring discontinuation of dexmedetomidine, unplanned extubation rates, and morphine doses were unchanged.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementation of a quality improvement initiative was successful in reducing the percentage of patients receiving midazolam infusions and increased midazolam-free days per sedation episode, revealing an overall reduction in benzodiazepine exposure while maintaining adequate sedation.
Academic stress and sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic among medical students from a university of Peru
Authors: Allende-Rayme Fiorella Rosemary , Acuña-Vila Jeremi Harold , Correa-López Lucy Elena , De La Cruz-Vargas Jhony Alberto
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Sleep quality is an important factor for both the physical and mental health of medical students.
Objective: To evaluate the association between academic stress and sleep quality among medical students enrolled in a university of Lima (Peru) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study carried out in 410 medical students from the School of Human Medicine of Universidad Ricardo Palma, who, in October and November 2020, were administered the Spanish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the SISCO SV-21 Academic Stress Inventory, and a sociodemographic and habits questionnaire via Google Forms. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to identify factors associated with poor sleep quality and academic stress, using prevalence ratios (PR) with a 95% confidence interval and a significance level of p≤0.05.
Results: 97.32% of students presented with “academic stress” and 90.48% had “poor quality of sleep”. Factors associated with “poor quality of sleep” were “high levels of academic stress” (aPR: 2.433; 95%CI: 1.619-3.657; p=0.000), “not living with relatives” (aPR: 1.264; 95%CI: 1.107-1.443; p=0.001), and “working in addition to studying” (aPR: 1.106; 95%CI: 1.012-1.209; p=0.026). Additionally, “female biological sex” (aPR: 1.178; 95%CI: 1.090-1.273; p=0.000) and “place of birth Lima” (aPR: 0.929; 95%CI: 0.882-0.979; p=0.006) were significantly associated with “academic stress.”
Conclusion: Having high levels of academic stress, not living with relatives, and working in addition to studying were factors associated with poor sleep quality among the study population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Towards a responsible communication strategy in the eco-social transition sector: an epistemological and applied degrowth approach
Authors: Peralta-García Lidia , Chaparro-Escudero Manuel , Espinar-Medina Lara-María
Published: October 2021

The current transitions towards fair and sustainable models of social and economic relations represents a vital process for the maintenance of the ecosystems and the ways of inhabiting them. This paper is an empirical and epistemological study whose aim is to consider how to develop a responsible communication strategy with the eco-transitions sector. We take a specific region of Spain, Castilla-La Mancha, as a field of experimentation and case study. The analysis is based on a sample of 55 active eco-transition projects, out of a total census of 156. Our position assumes that communication strategy goes through several phases. Firstly, access to empirical and census-based knowledge of this sector; secondly, establishing a type of indicator that can measure the functioning and internal dynamics of these entities in terms of eco-transition; and thirdly, the expansion of responsible, realistic and proactive media coverage, which can encourage messages that contribute to an ever-increasing number of people moving towards eco-social issues. In order to measure the “internal health” of these entities, including the “communication environment,” we have elaborated and implemented the Eco-Transition Indicator (ETI), a measurement tool that allows us to place a project or initiative within a frame leading towards fair and sustainable models of social and economic relations. While the sector shows good “health” in some aspects, the results point very clearly to the need to strengthen the communicative strategy of the eco-transition initiatives and projects.
Understanding the revolt: «Man the Technician» in global rhetoric
Authors: Núñez-Canal Margarita , Núñez-Ladevéze Luis
Published: October 2021

We have used quotations that McLuhan cited from the works of Ortega y Gasset, never been commented, for comparing the concurrence between the analyses of the “revolt of the masses” and “return to the village” in the network. This review discerns how both descriptions converge in a framework that fosters the unlimited expansion of face-to-face relationships which, by encouraging remote adherence to virtual identities, fosters a plethora of communicative practices. Internet encourages persuasive stratagems that foster rhetorical turmoil, which makes it impossible to distinguish sound arguments from those that are fallacious, and credible from false information. “Populism,” “fake news,” and “post-truth” suddenly appeared in everyday language as a sign of this rhetorical transience that fosters the collision of identities in the regressive, technological anchor of “back to the tribes” in the “global village.” Having analysed the concomitance of McLuhan and Ortega from a phenomenological perspective, which has into account emotion in the argumentative process, the conclusions focus on proposals for restoring deliberative norms that have become diluted during modernity and whose meaning endures in normative practices akin to the rhetorical tradition.
The proceedings of Spanish Audiovisual Councils on discriminatory discourse
Authors: Herrero-Jiménez Beatriz , Carratalá Adolfo
Published: October 2021

Mass media, and especially television, are powerful discursive instruments, responsible for the construction of social imagery through ideologically determined content. For this reason, the creation of a regulatory body with authority over the audiovisual sector in countries without one was urged by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in 2000. Spain is the only EU country without an audiovisual council with authority at the state level. Currently, only the Audiovisual Council of Catalonia (CAC), created in 2000, and the Audiovisual Council of Andalusia (CAA), which dates from 2004, operate in Spain. Within an environment increasingly marked by hate speech, this research analyzes the proceedings of the Andalusian and Catalan Audiovisual Councils between 2004 and 2019 as it pertains to discrimination against vulnerable groups. Every pronouncement made by both councils on potentially discriminatory discourses was retrieved (n=156). These were content analyzed by codifying, among others, the following variables: type of action, the source that motivated it, the disseminating media outlet, the evaluated content, the type of discrimination alleged, the decision taken, and the type of sanction imposed by the councils, as the case may be. The results indicate that most of the actions concerned involve discrimination against women, originate from third-party complaints and target content broadcast on public television.
Functional and environmental performance of plant-produced crumb rubber asphalt mixtures using the dry process
Authors: Bueno M. , Haag R. , Heeb N. , Mikhailenko P. , Boesiger L. , Poulikakos L. D.
Published: October 2021

Incorporating crumb rubber (CR) using the dry process, directly in the asphalt mixture rather than into the bituminous binder requires no plant retrofitting, and therefore is the most practical industrial method for CR incorporation into asphalt mixtures. Nevertheless, very few large scale studies have been conducted. This work uses a holistic approach and reports on the functional and environmental performance of asphalt mixtures with different concentrations of CR fabricated employing the dry process in asphalt plants. Gaseous emissions were monitored during the production and laboratory leaching tests simulating the release of pollutants during rain, was conducted to evaluate the toxicology of both the CR material alone and the modified asphalt mixtures. In addition, laboratory compacted samples were tested to assess their fatigue behavior. Furthermore, noise relevant surface properties of large roller compacted slabs were evaluated before and after being subjected to a load simulator (MMLS3) to evaluate their resistance to permanent deformation. The results confirm that comparable performance can be achieved with the incorporation of CR using the dry process for high performance surfaces such as semi-dense asphalt, which usually require the use of polymer modified binders. Environmental performance improvement can be achieved by a washing step of the CR material that could remove polar CR additives which have commonly been used as vulcanization accelerator during rubber production.
Modelling public transportation multi-modal route choice using smart card big data
Authors: Kim Kyoungok
Published: October 2021

This paper discusses the use of smart card big data to understand and evaluate the public transport network in Seoul, South Korea. Smart card data (SCD) trap multiple transit modes and cover a large population, thus providing accurate and detailed trajectory information compared with traditional survey data. The focus of this study was on understanding route choice behaviours on multi-modal routes (MMRs) by redefining the route choice problem for MMRs as a transfer subway station selection problem. The study generated accurate and realistic alternative routes by creating hyperpaths, considering overlapping bus lines and the existence of more than one bus stop around subway stations using a multinomial logit model based on 1 year of SCD. The trained models were determined to be general enough by validating them with a 6-month SCD validation set.
Working With Older People: A Qualitative Study of X and Y Generation Nurses’ Perceptions
Authors: UYSAL Neşe , ÜNAL TOPRAK Filiz , KOÇ Ayşegül
Published: October 2021

Aim: This study aimed to compare the perceptions and working experiences of two age cohorts of nurses' about care of older people.
Material and Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was used. The research sample consisted of 68 internal medicine and surgery nurses representing X and Y generations. Data were collected using a demographic form and a semi-structured interview form. Data were subjected to thematic analysis.
Results: The general themes for generation X were: care time, emotional responses, and provide resources for older patients. The general themes for generation Y were: increasing workload and time problems, categorization of older people, and finally, the need for holistic care.
Conclusions: All nurses experienced that caring for elderly is difficult. However, they emphasized the needs of older people. This may be an essential component in organizing older people care. It is recommended regulation of working conditions to reduce the difficulties experienced by nurses in care of older people.
Aprendizagem baseada em projetos na pós-graduação em Ciências Contábeis
Authors: Duarte Silva Taís , Araújo Leal Edvalda
Published: October 2021

Considerando a relevância que a escolha de uma metodologia de ensino pode ter no aprendizado dos alunos, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar benefícios e limitações da aprendizagem baseada em projetos. Para alcance do objetivo proposto, investigou-se a aplicação do método na disciplina de Análise de Custos em um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Contábeis. Em termos metodológicos utilizou-se análise documental, observação, aplicação de questionário e grupo focal com os estudantes. A análise realizada considerou o desenvolvimento de todas as etapas da metodologia proposta pela literatura, destacando a percepção dos discentes, de forma descritiva e qualitativa. Como resultados da pesquisa, verificou-se que a oportunidade de experienciar a prática é o benefício mais enfatizado pelos discentes, ressaltando-se ainda o desenvolvimento da autonomia, o que necessário para a solução do problema proposto no projeto. No que se refere às limitações, destacam-se o tempo demandado para desenvolvimento dos projetos, bem como a necessidade de lidar com situações diversas que podem surgir durante o processo de investigação e elaboração dos projetos. Os resultados encontrados contribuem ao apresentar a metodologia de aprendizagem baseada em projetos como uma oportunidade para que os discentes desenvolvam teoria e prática, vivenciando questões reais relacionadas à atuação profissional. Ressalta-se como limitações da pesquisa o tamanho da amostra, a qual contemplou apenas uma turma durante um semestre e avaliou somente a visão de discentes. Entende-se que essas limitações poderão ser consideradas em estudos futuros, de modo a ampliar a amostra e realizar análises comparativas entre turmas, em diferentes períodos, abrangendo também a visão de docentes.
Revisiting the configurationality issue in Old Icelandic
Authors: Booth Hannah
Published: October 2021

The status of Old Icelandic with respect to (argument) configurationality was hotly debated in the early 1990s (e.g. Faarlund 1990; Rögnvaldsson 1995) and remains unresolved. Since this work, further research on a wide range of languages has enhanced our understanding of configurationality, in particular within Lexical Functional Grammar (e.g. Austin & Bresnan 1996; Nordlinger 1998) and syntactically annotated Old Icelandic data are now available (Wallenberg et al. 2011). It is thus fitting to revisit the matter. In this paper, I show that allowing for argument configurationality as a gradient property, and also considering discourse configurationality (Kiss 1995) as a further gradient property, can neatly account for word order patterns in this early stage of Icelandic, as well as the nuanced differences with the modern language. The positional distribution of subjects and objects, as well as previous studies on the diachrony of case and grammatical relations, indicates that Old Icelandic was subtly less configurational than the modern language. Furthermore, the observed word order patterns indicate a designated topic position in the postfinite domain, thus reflecting some degree of discourse configurationality at this early stage of the language.
Assessment of Human Capital in Russian Macroregions
Authors: Shulgin Sergey G. , Zinkina Yulia V.
Published: October 2021

A quantitative assessment of human capital is necessary for both understanding society and implementing effective socio-economic policies. In the present paper, a new approach — the Human Life Indicator (HLI) — was implemented to measure inequality in life expectancy. The Human Development Index (HDI), proposed by the United Nations, does not take into account significant internal inequalities of countries with the same or similar life expectancy. On the contrary, HLI reflects the well-being in terms of years of life, additionally considering the inequality in life expectancy. Presented calculations were based on federal mortality statistics. This study estimated human development of Russian federal districts by comparing HDI and HLI. The analysis revealed that high HDI values, achieved, for example, due to a high gross regional product (GRP) per capita, do not translate into an improvement in the quality of life for the majority of the population. Such situation is observed in the Far Eastern Federal District. The regions that are relatively prosperous in terms of HLI are concentrated in the European part of Russia and the North Caucasus Federal District. Simultaneously, most Siberian and the Far Eastern regions, characterised by high inequality in life expectancy, require the attention of federal and regional authorities. The presented approach to assessing the success of regional development can be used to estimate how the ongoing socio-economic policy and health care reforms influence the quality of life in the regions. This method can also be applied to compare inter-regional indicators of human capital and monitor changes in well-being of the population.
Modelling the Heterogeneity of the Mutual Influence between Russian Regions in the Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Petrov Mikhail B. , Serkov Leonid А. , Kozhov Кonstantin B.
Published: October 2021

As factors affecting interregional interactions play an important role in regional economic development. Thus, developing a methodology for assessing these interactions is becoming urgent. The article proposes a methodological approach to analyse the factors influencing possible interactions between Sverdlovsk oblast and other constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the manufacturing industry. It is hypothesised that the elements of an interregional interaction matrix are proxy variables characterising the degree of this interaction. An economic analysis of relations and production chains between Sverdlovsk oblast and other constituent entitles confirmed this hypothesis. First, based on the spatial distribution of manufacturing output in the examined regions, values of an indicator showing the strength of their mutual influence were determined. Second, the impact of economic, infrastructural and institutional factors on the obtained indicator, characterising the inter action between Sverdlovsk oblast and other regions, was assessed using quantile regression. In this case, such a technique was chosen instead of the classical ordinary least squares (OLS) regression that incorrectly estimates the dependencies between the studied variables. This is expressed in the fact that the regression coefficients de pend on q-quantile of the dependent variable. We have revealed that price levels of the examined regions do not affect their possible interactions with Sverdlovsk oblast. Simultaneously, the dissemination of knowledge acts a driver of interaction between the considered regional manufacturing industries. The research findings can be used to prepare strategies, programmes and schemes for the placement and development of industries, considering the potential of Sverdlovsk oblast and other Russian regions.
The Arctic and the North: A Russian Spatial Development Context
Authors: Lazhentsev Vitaliy N.
Published: October 2021

The negative experience of economic reforms during the 1990s showed that excessive bias towards export-import economic relations to the detriment of social reproduction, especially without reference to internal social and technological problems, threatens the integrity of the Russian market space. At present, the Arctic and other territories of the Russian North are exposed to the inherent instability of external markets for hydro carbons and mineral raw materials. Additionally, attitudes towards energy production and consumption have undergone profound changes in recent years. In accordance with the demands of the «green economy», attention has been increasingly focused on qualitative and structural aspects in place of quantitative indicators. In order to increase production of high-quality light oil and petrochemical products that are competitive on world markets, domestic fuel and energy companies have responded by modernising oil refineries and gas processing plants. With the transition of hydrocarbon production to exploiting smaller deposits, the decline of the coal industry and a growing scarcity of in-demand raw materials (gold, diamonds, rare earth metals, nickel, copper, titanium), the economic situation in the Russian North is increasingly characterised by small forest chemistry enterprises producing commercial products for medical, agricultural and household purposes. In addition, a growth in domestic and foreign demand for organic products supports reindeer husbandry, fishing and even foraging for mushrooms and berries. An important objective for national economic decision-makers consists in the implementation of technologies critical to the development of the northern regions. In the process of strengthening the Russian socio-economic space, active interaction between participating regional governments plays a significant role. The aforementioned issues are considered in the context of spatial development theory and other concepts underpinning the formation of northern economic systems. The study findings can be used to inform Arctic strategies, programmes and long-term plans for the socio-economic development of the Russian North.
Global Foreign Direct Investment: Structural Changes in the Current Crisis
Authors: Smirnov Еvegenii N. , Lukyanov Sergey А.
Published: October 2021

The current crisis, as well as complicated economic relations between countries, sustainable development risks of global value chains (GVCs), and international trade protectionism cause changes in the modern system of global foreign direct investment (FDI). Due to the complexity of these risks and the vulnerability of the world economy to future global recessions, it is necessary to develop a new concept of cross-border capital flows in the form of FDI. The research aims to identify structural changes in global FDI in the context of international trade and capital market challenges. Structural and dynamic analysis and a descriptive assessment were conducted to examine global foreign direct investment in the system of international capital movement, taking into account the unstable economic environment. A test of the impact of the current coronavirus crisis revealed that the retrospective transformation of global FDI occurred due to changes in the internationalisation of companies, cross-border mergers and acquisitions, and regional structure of FDI. Corporate disinvestment and the growing importance of intangible assets also played an important role. As a result, the slowdown in global FDI led to a decline in reinvested earnings in many economic sectors. As the long-term recovery of the world economy will be largely determined by the dynamics of global FDI, transnational companies (TNCs) should consider local crises and strive to geographically distribute capital investment. The research revealed that the differentiation of national GVC strategies and new approaches to foreign outsourcing of TNCs are the main risks of regionalisation or nationalisation of global value chains and a corresponding decrease in FDI. The findings can be used to modify well-known FDI concepts, taking into account their impact on modern international economic relations.
Influence of Regional Differences in the Cost of Living on National Income Inequality
Authors: Surinov Alexandr Е. , Luppov Аrtur B.
Published: October 2021

Regional differences in the cost of living distort the estimates of monetary components of living standards and resource requirements, which are necessary for implementing measures to reduce income inequality as a cause of social injustice and unrest. Thus, we propose a methodology for calculating nominal household income using rouble purchasing power parity to assess its influence on national inequality. This approach measures inequality based on individual data on household income, disregarding the territorial differentiation of consumer prices. Then, the influence of regional price differences on the national income inequality was assessed by comparing Gini coefficients calculated for the same sample of households using two criteria: nominal per capita income and per capita income adjusted for purchasing power in various regions. The study revealed that the difference in nominal incomes is reduced by regional disparities in the cost of living. Simultaneously, the distribution of household incomes adjusted for regional purchasing power parities is more even. The research findings can be used to develop policy measures aimed at reducing regional welfare disparities and poverty.
Uses and traditional knowledge of Dendropogonella rufescens (Bryophyta: Cryphaeaceae) in a Zapotec community of southeastern Mexico
Authors: Hernandez-Rodríguez Enrique , López-Santiago Jesús
Published: October 2021

Background: Uses and traditional knowledge (TK) are essential for the protection and management of natural resources. There are extensive records of traditional uses involving mainly vascular plants, while for mosses are scarce. This study documents the TK and uses of Dendropogonella rufescens in San Juan Luvina, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Questions: For what purpose and how D. rufescens is used in San Juan Luvina? Can TK provide ecological information for this species? How is TK maintained among the members of the community?
Studied species: Dendropogonella rufescens (Schimp.) Britt. (Bryophyta).
Study site and dates: San Juan Luvina, Oaxaca, Mexico. March 2020.
Methods: We conducted interviews with inhabitants from three age categories (15-41, 42-68, and 69-95 years). Interviews included questions about the length of time the community has used the plant, harvesting practices, traditional use per se, and plant recycling after traditional use.
Results: Results include historical information about the use of the plant and TK grouped in seven categories (ceremonial, construction, craft, environmental, fuel, medicinal, and ornamental). These results include new reports of TK of bryophytes in Mexico.
Conclusions: For the uses and TK reported, D. rufescens is essential for the cultural identity of the community of San Juan Luvina. D. rufescens TK could use to develop conservation strategies for bryophytes. As our findings suggest, TK and uses of bryophytes should be recorded because they are likely to disappear.
A review of South African Public Healthcare policies addressing Service Delivery for wheelchairs through a Primary Health Care lens
Authors: McIntyre June , Cleland Kathlyn Elena , Ramklass Serela Samita
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: In some areas of South Africa, people with impaired mobility are known to have difficulty accessing wheelchairs. This study aimed to critically appraise public healthcare policies addressing service delivery in terms of assistive devices in general, and more specifically wheelchairs within primary health care METHOD: South African public healthcare policies that address assistive device service delivery were identified and thematically analysed using retrospective deductive document analysis. The themes used correspond to the WHO guidelines for the provision of wheelchairs within the context of the guiding principles of primary health care i.e., accessibly, affordability, acceptability, appropriateness, and availability. An analysis was undertaken on how the provision of assistive devices under these principles was addressed RESULTS: Three policies were identified addressing assistive device service delivery i.e. The National Rehabilitation Policy, The Policy Framework and Strategy for Disability and Rehabilitation Services in South Africa 2015 - 2020, and the National Health Insurance Policy. The National Rehabilitation Policy addressed the majority of the WHO guiding principles on wheelchair provision. Guidelines for non-discriminatory and evidence-based service delivery and the availability of assistive devices were identified in all the documents. Scant attention was paid to service delivery of assistive devices for people residing in urban or peri-urban areas. There was a paucity of guidance on service delivery to people with impaired mobility who were unable to access health services, those unaware of the services available and those who were not aware of the benefits of an assistive device CONCLUSION: The policies, viewed together, addressed all the WHO guiding principles, although some gaps were observed in each policy. A proposal emanating from this review was that an update of the National Rehabilitation Policy would address these deficiencies Keywords: assistive devices, health policy, impaired mobility, disability, rehabilitation
Clinical utility of three sensory modulation measures for the child with ASD in South Africa: A practitioner's perspective
Authors: Evetts Kerry Lee , Rencken Gina , Govender Pragashnie
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There is need for the assessment of sensory modulation in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to be culturally, environmentally, economically and language sensitive to the South African population. It is assumed that the measures in current use are not appropriate, acceptable, practical or accessible for the South African child with ASD AIM: This study sought the practitioners' perspective on the clinical utility of three sensory modulation measures for children diagnosed with ASD in South Africa METHODS: A quantitative survey method was used to collect data from a purposive sample of 31 SAISI Occupational Therapy members nationwide RESULTS: Urban participants accounted for 83% of the sample, 80% were in private practice and 67% from English-speaking practices. All three measures demonstrated some level of clinical utility. The Sensory Processing Measure (SPM) was found to be more appropriate than the Sensory Profile (SP) (p<0.007), although the SP was more accessible than the SPM (p<0.002). Amongst non- English speakers the Sensory Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ) was more acceptable than the SPM (p<0.045 RECOMMENDATIONS: The SPM should be used in an interview format, with recommended changes and translation into the caregivers' home language, until a South African specific sensory screening measure, which can be readily reproducible in several local languages, is developed Keywords: Sensory Profile, the Sensory Processing Measure, Sensory Experiences Questionnaire, culturally sensitive, language appropriate
Chemical Analyses of Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian Coals from Southeastern Kansas
Authors: Brady Lawrence L. , Hatch Joseph R.
Published: October 2021

Elemental and chemical analyses and physical tests were conducted on 36 samples of Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian coals from southeastern Kansas. Concentrations of 35 minor and trace elements in these coals were statistically compared with concentrations in coals of similar rank and age from other areas in the western region of the Interior Coal Province, showing that Kansas coals have significantly higher concentrations of copper, arsenic, and lead. The zinc content in Kansas coal samples ranges from 160 to 51,000 ppm (whole-coal basis), the maximum value being the highest zinc value reported for U.S. coals. Cadmium content also has an extreme range, from less than 1.0 to 160 ppm (whole-coal basis), the maximum value being one of the highest cadmium values reported in U.S. coals. The apparent ranks of these coal samples range from high-volatile B to high-volatile A bituminous coal. Most samples of Middle Pennsylvanian coals from the major coal-mining area in Bourbon, Crawford, and Cherokee counties are high-volatile A bituminous coal. Arithmetic mean values for proximate analyses of coals (as-received basis; n = 25) show these coals to be 15.5% ash, 35.3% volatile matter, 45.9% fixed carbon, and 3.3% moisture and to have a heat of combustion of 11,910 Btu/lb. Arithmetic mean values for ultimate analyses of the coals show these coals to be 4.9% hydrogen, 65.3% carbon, 1.2% nitrogen, 5.5% sulfur, and 7.7% oxygen. The geometric mean values of these Kansas coals are 3.03% pyritic sulfur, 1.25% organic sulfur, and 0.2% sulfate sulfur.