bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicidal thinking and behaviours in First Episode Psychosis: Findings from a 3‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Pompili Maurizio , Azzali Silvia , Paterlini Federica , Garlassi Sara , Scazza Ilaria , Chiri Luigi Rocco , Poletti Michele , Pupo Simona , Raballo Andrea
Published: May 2020

Aim

Suicide risk is greater at the beginning of the course of psychosis. Purpose of this research was: (a) to investigate prevalence and incidence rates of suicide attempts, suicidal thinking and completed suicide in First Episode Psychosis (FEP) help‐seekers as compared with non‐FEP help‐seeking peers, and (b) to examine any correlation of suicidal ideation with other baseline psychopathological predictors.

Methods

Two hundred and forty‐one young people (13‐35 years) were assessed with the World Health Organization Quality Of Life scale ‐ Brief version (WHOQOL‐BREF), the Beck Depression Inventory ‐ II Edition (BDI‐II) and the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS) at the enrollment and over a 36‐month follow‐up period. A Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis to calculate cumulative incidence rates of attempted and completed suicide was used.

Results

FEP patients showed more severe levels of CAARMS “Suicidality/Self‐Harm” item than non‐FEP peers. They also had higher 3‐year incidence rates of attempted suicide (11%) and completed suicide (13%). Within the FEP total group, suicidal ideation was positively correlated with BDI‐II and CAARMS “Perceptual Abnormalities” item scores, and showed negative associations with younger age and WHOQOL‐BREF “Social Relationships” factor sub‐score.

Conclusions

Suicidal ideation is relevant in FEP patents, supporting the routine monitoring of suicide risk in baseline assessment of adolescents and young adults with early psychosis. Suicidal thinking seems to be correlated to younger age, perceptual aberrations and depression severity, as well as to poorer quality of social relationships.
Where and why? Bees, snail shells and climate: Distribution of Rhodanthidium (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Romero Daniel , Ornosa Concepción , Vargas Pablo
Published: May 2020

Species distribution patterns are widely studied through species distribution models (SDMs), focusing mostly on climatic variables. Joint species distribution models (JSDMs) allow inferring if other factors (biotic interactions, shared phylogenetic history or other unmeasured variables) can also have an influence on species distribution. We identified current distributional areas and optimal suitability areas of three species of the solitary snail‐shell bee Rhodanthidium (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), and their host gastropod species in the Iberian Peninsula. We undertook SDMs using Maxent software, based on presence points and climatic variables. We also undertook JSDMs for the bees and the snails to infer if co‐occurrence could be a result of biotic interactions. We found that the three bee species: (1) use at least five different species of Mediterranean snails; (2) use empty shells not only for nesting but also for sheltering when there is adverse weather and during the night; (3) have their most suitable areas in the eastern and southern Iberian Peninsula, mostly on limestone areas; and (4) have their optimal range under Mediterranean climatic values for the studied variables. There is positive co‐occurrence of Rhodanthidium with the gastropod species, especially with the snail Sphincterochila candidissima. The contribution of the environmental component to the co‐occurrence is less than that of the residual component in those cases, suggesting that: (i) the use of biotic resources (between Rhodanthidium and the gastropod species); (ii) shared phylogenetic history (between R. septemdentatum and R. sticticum); or (iii) unmeasured variables are largely responsible for co‐occurrence.
pCREB expression in human tissues from epilepsy surgery
Authors: De Santis Dalia , Rossini Laura , Tassi Laura , Didato Giuseppe , Tringali Giovanni , Cossu Massimo , Bramerio Manuela , Padelli Francesco , Regondi Maria Cristina , Colciaghi Francesca , Aronica Eleonora , Spreafico Roberto , Garbelli Rita
Published: May 2020

Objective

Activity‐dependent changes have been reported in animal models and in human epileptic specimens and could potentially be used as tissue biomarkers to evaluate the propensity of a tissue to generate seizure activity. In this context, cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB) activation was specifically reported in human epileptic foci and related mainly to interictal spike activity. To get further insights into CREB activation in human epilepsy, we analyzed pCREB expression on brain tissue samples from patients who underwent surgery for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, correlating this expression with intracranial stereo–electroencephalography (SEEG) recording in a subgroup.

Methods

Neocortical specimens from patients with neuropathological diagnosis of no lesion (cryptogenic), malformations of cortical development,mainly type II focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), and hippocampi with and without hippocampal sclerosis have been analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Peritumoral cortex from non‐epileptic patients and autoptic samples were used as controls, whereas rat brains were used to test possible loss of pCREB antigenicity due to fixation procedures and postmortem delay.

Results

pCREB was consistently expressed in layer II neuronal nuclei in regions with normal cortical lamination both in epileptic and non‐epileptic surgical tissues. In patients with SEEG recordings, this anatomical pattern was unrelated to the presence of interictal spike activity. Conversely, in the core of type II FCD, as well as in other developmental malformations, pCREB was scattered without any laminar specificity. Furthermore, quantitative data did not reveal significant differences between epileptic and non‐epileptic tissues, except for an increased immunoreactivity in the core of type IIB FCD lesion related mainly to reactive glial and balloon cells.

Significance

The present data argue against the reliability of pCREB immunohistochemistry as a marker of epileptic focus but underscores its layer‐related expression, suggesting a potential application in the study of malformations of cortical development, a wide range of diseases arising from perturbations of normal brain development.
Characterisation of melanoidins derived from Brewers' spent grain: new insights into their structure and antioxidant activity
Authors: Patrignani Mariela , González‐Forte Lucía del Sol
Published: May 2020

Melanoidins, formed at the final stages of Maillard reaction (MR), present important physiological activities, but their structure and reaction pathways are largely unknown in real food systems. In the present work, these bioactive compounds derived from Brewers' spent grain (BSG) with different roasting degrees were analysed. Results showed that BSG could be considered a more important source of bioavailable antioxidants than what it was reported in previous studies. During MR development, proteinic structures are partially lost while a carbohydrate skeleton is formed. The crystallinity is reduced and the structure sets into a conformation with a peak centred at 20° (2θ), stable with the increasing thermal treatment. While MR continues the development of browning compounds increases, the antioxidant activity rises and phenolic compounds are bind to the melanoidin structure (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, FTIR analysis showed a dominance of α‐glyosidic linkage and the presence of furanose rings in the melanoidins structure.
Mutant specific anti calreticulin antibody (CAL2) immunohistochemistry as a screening test for calreticulin (CALR) mutation testing
Authors: Rahman Khaliqur , Chandra Dinesh , Singh Manish Kumar , Gupta Ruchi , Sharma Akhilesh , Paul Pradeep , Kumar Sanjeev , Sharma Seema , Nityanand Soniya
Published: May 2020

Background

About 50 different CALR frameshift mutations have been identified in BCR‐ABL1 negative MPN, all leading to the development of common new protein C terminus. Antibody targeting this terminal epitope can be useful to identify this driver mutation using immunohistochemistry.

Materials and Methods

CALR mutation analysis was carried out in 51 JAK2V617F negative cases, PMF (n = 22) and ET (n = 29). PCR followed by fragment analysis was performed for molecular detection of CALR mutation. Bone marrow biopsy specimens of corresponding patients were subjected to IHC using mutation specific antibody CAL2. Staining pattern and intensity were observed. Staining of <2% of background nonmegakaryocytic (non‐ MK) cells were regarded as Pattern A, while staining of more than 2% of background nonmegakaryocytic (non‐MK) was regarded as pattern B.

Results

CALR mutation was noted in 40.9% (9/22) and 41.4% (12/29) of JAK2V617F negative PMF and ET, respectively. All CALR mutated cases, irrespective of the mutation type, showed a positive IHC staining in the megakaryocytes with moderate to bright intensity. All CALR wild‐type cases were negative on IHC. (Concordance rate‐ 100%). Pattern A was noted in 40% cases, while pattern B was noted in 60% cases. Pattern A staining had significantly higher chances of having type 1 mutation as compared to pattern B. In contrast, pattern B had a nonsignificant trend toward higher bone marrow cellularity and marrow fibrosis.

Conclusion

CAL2 IHC detects all types of CALR mutation. This can act as a sensitive, specific, rapid, and cost‐effective screening test for CALR mutation analysis.
Beyond the moment: Influence of a co‐facilitated education intervention on practitioners’ recovery beliefs and practices
Authors: Higgins Agnes , Murphy Rebecca , Downes Carmel , Barry Jennifer , Monahan Mark , Doyle Louise , Gibbons Patrick
Published: May 2020

Despite health policy and research increasingly advocating for recovery‐enabling principles to be better integrated into mental health services, finding solutions to enhance the translation of recovery policy into practice remains a challenge. This study sought to understand whether a co‐facilitated group education intervention for service users and family members reached beyond the intervention and impacted the everyday recovery promoting beliefs and practices of the practitioners involved and the wider organization. The study employed a qualitative design involving semi‐structured interviews with a purposively selected sample of 28 participants (mental health nurses and other members of the multidisciplinary team) who were involved in delivering the intervention. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, with the assistance of NVivo. Participants reported that not only did involvement with the programmes help them reconnect with the contextual realities of service user and family members lived experience, but it enabled them to move beyond traditional power relationships and pathologizing discourses. Having engaged with and experienced the feasibility and positive impact of the co‐facilitation process practitioners’ self‐efficacy around partnership working and co‐production was enhanced. In addition, those involved demonstrated a willingness to challenge paternalistic practices and advocate for the perspectives of service users and families to be further embedded within the organizational infrastructure and operational spaces. Providing mental health practitioners with real‐life examples of partnership working and peer support in action within a co‐facilitated psychoeducation context has potential to be a forum for promoting second‐order change around recovery‐oriented practice within mental health services.
Bioinformatics analysis of the biological changes involved in the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Fan Tingyu , Qu Rongmei , Yu Qinghe , Sun Bing , Jiang Xin , Yang Yuchao , Huang Xiaolan , Zhou Zhitao , Ouyang Jun , Zhong Shizhen , Dai Jingxing
Published: May 2020

The mechanisms underlying the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to identify the key biological processes during osteogenic differentiation. To this end, we downloaded three microarray data sets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database: GSE12266, GSE18043 and GSE37558. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the limma package, and enrichment analysis was performed. Protein‐protein interaction network (PPI) analysis and visualization analysis were performed with STRING and Cytoscape. A total of 240 DEGs were identified, including 147 up‐regulated genes and 93 down‐regulated genes. Functional enrichment and pathways of the present DEGs include extracellular matrix organization, ossification, cell division, spindle and microtubule. Functional enrichment analysis of 10 hub genes showed that these genes are mainly enriched in microtubule‐related biological changes, that is sister chromatid segregation, microtubule cytoskeleton organization involved in mitosis, and spindle microtubule. Moreover, immunofluorescence and Western blotting revealed dramatic quantitative and morphological changes in the microtubules during the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose‐derived stem cells. In summary, the present results provide novel insights into the microtubule‐ and cytoskeleton‐related biological process changes, identifying candidates for the further study of osteogenic differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells.
Crosstalk between Akt and NF‐κB pathway mediates inhibitory effect of gas6 on monocytes‐endothelial cells interactions stimulated by P. gingivalis‐LPS
Authors: Wang Xuekui , Liu Yingjun , Zhang Shengnan , Ouyang Xiangying , Wang Yuguang , Jiang Yong , An Na
Published: May 2020

Correlation between periodontitis and atherosclerosis is well established, and the inherent mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain unclear. The biological function of growth arrest‐specific 6 (gas6) has been discovered in both atherosclerosis and inflammation. Inhibitory effects of gas6 on the expression of inflammatory factors in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis‐LPS) were reported in our previous research. Herein, the effects of gas6 on monocytes‐endothelial cells interactions in vitro and their probable mechanisms were further investigated. Gas6 protein in HUVECs was knocked down with siRNA or overexpressed with plasmids. Transwell inserts and co‐culturing system were introduced to observe chemotaxis and adhering affinity between monocytes and endothelial cells in vitro. Expression of gas6 was decreased in inflammatory periodontal tissues and HUVECs challenged with P. gingivalis‐LPS. The inhibitory effect of gas6 on chemotaxis and adhesion affinity between monocytes and endothelial cells was observed, and gas6 promoted Akt phosphorylation and inhibited NF‐κB phosphorylation. To our best knowledge, we are first to report that gas6 inhibit monocytes‐endothelial cells interactions in vitro induced by P. gingivalis‐LPS via Akt/NF‐κB pathway. Additionally, inflammation‐mediated inhibition of gas6 expression is through LncRNA GAS6‐AS2, rather than GAS6‐AS1, which is also newly reported.
Diet composition of the electric eel Electrophorus voltai (Pisces: Gymnotidae) in the Brazilian Amazon region
Authors: Oliveira Marcos S. B. , Mendes‐Júnior Raimundo N. G. , Tavares‐Dias Marcos
Published: May 2020

The diet composition of the electric eel Electrophorus voltai was studied in specimens collected from the River Jari, state of Amapá, eastern Amazon region, Brazil. Analysis on their stomach contents revealed that fish, especially Megalechis thoracata, were the most frequent prey item, whereas arthropods and plant material were the least frequent intakes. This is the first stomach content analysis on E. voltai, and it corroborates that electric eel species are piscivorous.
Case of ovarian steroid cell tumor diagnosed after presenting acute heart failure
Authors: Matsuda Shigeru , Yamaguchi Yuu , Kaseki Hanako , Watanabe Kenichiro , Ono Shuichi , Yamamoto Akihito , Ichikawa Masao , Akira Shigeo , Takeshita Toshiyuki
Published: May 2020

We report a rare case of an ovarian steroid cell tumor with a diagnosis prompted by heart failure symptoms. A 28‐year‐old Japanese nulligravida/nullipara with a chief complaint of respiratory discomfort during physical exertion and exhibiting heart failure symptoms was referred to our hospital. She also had signs of virilization, including secondary menorrhea since the age of 20, hirsutism and balding. Cushing's syndrome was suspected, and further examinations showed hypertestosteronemia and right ovarian tumor. Symptomatic treatment for heart failure with diuretics and antihypertensives was followed by abdominal right adnexectomy performed due to the androgen‐producing ovarian tumor. The tumor was solid and larger than a fist, and confirmed as a steroid cell tumor through postoperative histopathology. Serum total testosterone levels normalized at day 3 postoperatively, and menstruation resumed 2 months later. Our case was diagnosed due to heart failure symptoms, and its treatment resulted in improvement in virilization signs.
Phenotypic and genetic diversity of leaf rust resistance in wheat wild relatives
Authors: Aliakbari Sadeghabad Ali , Dadkhodaie Ali , Heidari Bahram
Published: May 2020

Puccinia triticina (Pt), the causal agent of leaf rust evolves through forming new pathotypes that adversely affect the growth and yield of wheat cultivars. Therefore, continued production of resistant varieties through exploring novel sources of resistance in wild relatives which are abundantly found in Iran and the neighbouring regions is a major task in wheat breeding programs. The aim of the present study was to explore 60 wild wheat genotypes selected from the species Triticum monococcum, Aegilops tauschii, Ae. neglecta, Ae. cylindrica, Ae. triuncialis, Ae. umbellulata, Ae. speltoides, Ae. columnaris, Ae. crassa and Ae. ventricosa for resistance to leaf rust. The cultivar ‘Boolani’ and Thatcher near‐isogenic lines were used as controls. Two‐week‐old seedlings were inoculated using 10 Pt pathotypes, and the infection types were recorded. The genotypes were also analysed for polymorphism using six sequence‐tagged sites (STS) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Forty‐eight genotypes produced high infection types (3+) for two pathotypes, but the remaining genotypes produced low infection types of ‘0; =’ to ‘1+CN’ to all pathotypes. The latter included three accessions of Ae. tauschii, two accessions of each Ae. umbellulata, Ae. columnaris and Triticum monococcum, and one accession from each Ae. triuncialis, Ae. ventricosa and Ae. neglecta. Analysis for STS and SCAR markers suggested several genotypes could carry the genes Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr37 or their potential orthologs in addition to unknown resistance genes. In conclusion, the identified resistant genotypes could be further characterized and used in wheat breeding programs for leaf rust resistance.
Foliar functional traits from imaging spectroscopy across biomes in eastern North America
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Chlus Adam , Geygan Ryan , Ye Zhiwei , Zheng Ting , Singh Aditya , Couture John J. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Kruger Eric L. , Townsend Philip A.
Published: May 2020

Foliar functional traits are widely used to characterize leaf and canopy properties that drive ecosystem processes and to infer physiological processes in Earth system models. Imaging spectroscopy provides great potential to map foliar traits to characterize continuous functional variation and diversity, but few studies have demonstrated consistent methods for mapping multiple traits across biomes.

With airborne imaging spectroscopy data and field data from 19 sites, we developed trait models using partial least squares regression, and mapped 26 foliar traits in seven NEON (National Ecological Observatory Network) ecoregions (domains) including temperate and subtropical forests and grasslands of eastern North America.

Model validation accuracy varied among traits (normalized root mean squared error, 9.1–19.4%; coefficient of determination, 0.28–0.82), with phenolic concentration, leaf mass per area and equivalent water thickness performing best across domains. Across all trait maps, 90% of vegetated pixels had reasonable values for one trait, and 28–81% provided high confidence for multiple traits concurrently.

Maps of 26 traits and their uncertainties for eastern US NEON sites are available for download, and are being expanded to the western United States and tundra/boreal zone. These data enable better understanding of trait variations and relationships over large areas, calibration of ecosystem models, and assessment of continental‐scale functional diversity.
Scientists put survivors' blood plasma to the test
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: May 2020

Randomized trials are underway after small studies suggest transfusions can save lives.
Forced into battle
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: May 2020

Bispecific antibodies unleash T cells against cancer by physically tethering them to tumor cells.
Pervasive shifts in forest dynamics in a changing world
Authors: McDowell Nate G. , Allen Craig D. , Anderson-Teixeira Kristina , Aukema Brian H. , Bond-Lamberty Ben , Chini Louise , Clark James S. , Dietze Michael , Grossiord Charlotte , Hanbury-Brown Adam , Hurtt George C. , Jackson Robert B. , Johnson Daniel J. , Kueppers Lara , Lichstein Jeremy W. , Ogle Kiona , Poulter Benjamin , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Seidl Rupert , Turner Monica G. , Uriarte Maria , Walker Anthony P. , Xu Chonggang
Published: May 2020

Shifting forest dynamics

Forest dynamics are the processes of recruitment, growth, death, and turnover of the constituent tree species of the forest community. These processes are driven by disturbances both natural and anthropogenic. McDowell
et al.
review recent progress in understanding the drivers of forest dynamics and how these are interacting and changing in the context of global climate change. The authors show that shifts in forest dynamics are already occurring, and the emerging pattern is that global forests are tending toward younger stands with faster turnover as old-growth forest with stable dynamics are dwindling.

Science
, this issue p.
eaaz9463
The search for a COVID-19 animal model
Authors: Lakdawala Seema S. , Menachery Vineet D.
Published: May 2020

A comparison of SARS-CoV-2 replication, transmission, and disease in mice to monkeys
Comparison of the Accula SARS-CoV-2 Test with a Laboratory-Developed Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Clinical Nasopharyngeal Specimens
Authors: Hogan Catherine A. , Garamani Natasha , Lee Andrew S. , Tung Jack K. , Sahoo Malaya K. , Huang ChunHong , Stevens Bryan , Zehnder James , Pinsky Benjamin A.
Published: May 2020

Several point-of-care (POC) molecular tests have received emergency use authorization (EUA) from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The test performance characteristics of the Accula (Mesa Biotech) SARS-CoV-2 POC test need to be evaluated to inform its optimal use. The aim of this study was to assess the test performance of the Accula SARS-CoV-2 test. The performance of the Accula test was assessed by comparing results of 100 nasopharyngeal swab samples previously characterized by the Stanford Health Care EUA laboratory-developed test (SHC-LDT), targeting the envelope (
E
) gene.
Best management of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Black Christopher J , Ford Alexander Charles
Published: May 2020

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction which can have a considerable impact on quality of life. Following diagnosis, timely and evidence-based management is vital to the care of patients with IBS, aiming to improve outcomes, and enhance patient satisfaction. Good communication is paramount, and clinicians should provide a clear explanation about the disorder, with a focus on exploring the patient’s own beliefs about IBS, and a discussion of any concerns they may have. It should be emphasised that symptoms are often chronic, and that treatment, while aiming to improve symptoms, may not relieve them completely. Initial management should include simple lifestyle and dietary advice, discussion of the possible benefit of some probiotics, and, if this is unsuccessful, patients can be referred to a dietician for consideration of a low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) diet. Antispasmodics and peppermint oil can be used first-line for the treatment of abdominal pain. If patients fail to respond, central neuromodulators can be used second-line; tricyclic antidepressants should be preferred. Loperamide and laxatives can be used first-line for treating diarrhoea and constipation, respectively. Patients with constipation who fail to respond to laxatives should be offered a trial of linaclotide. For patients with diarrhoea, the 5-hydroxytryptamine-3receptor agonists alosetron and ramosetron appear to be the most effective second-line drugs. Where these are unavailable, ondansetron is a reasonable alternative. If medical treatment is unsuccessful, patients should be referred for psychological therapy, where available, if they are amenable to this. Cognitive behavioural therapy and gut-directed hypnotherapy are the psychological therapies with the largest evidence base.
On deformations of classical mechanics due to Planck-scale physics
Authors: Chashchina Olga I. , Sen Abhijit , Silagadze Zurab K.
Published: May 2020

Several quantum gravity and string theory thought experiments indicate that the Heisenberg uncertainty relations get modified at the Planck scale so that a minimal length do arises. This modification may imply a modification of the canonical commutation relations and hence quantum mechanics at the Planck scale. The corresponding modification of classical mechanics is usually considered by replacing modified quantum commutators by Poisson brackets suitably modified in such a way that they retain their main properties (antisymmetry, linearity, Leibniz rule and Jacobi identity). We indicate that there exists an alternative interesting possibility. Koopman–von Neumann’s Hilbert space formulation of classical mechanics allows, as Sudarshan remarked, to consider the classical mechanics as a hidden variable quantum system. Then, the Planck scale modification of this quantum system naturally induces the corresponding modification of dynamics in the classical substrate. Interestingly, it seems this induced modification in fact destroys the classicality: classical position and momentum operators cease to be commuting and hidden variables do appear in their evolution equations.
Deformation and sedimentation processes, and hydrocarbon accumulations on upturned salt diapir flanks in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal
Authors: Davison Ian , Barreto Pedro
Published: May 2020

The onshore Lusitanian Basin is dominated by two large diapiric salt walls which extend for up to 100 km. Seismic sections indicate that stratal onlap onto an intervening salt pillow initiated in Early Jurassic times. Well-exposed diapir flanks reveal three types of halokinetic-related unconformities (hook, low-angle wedge and high-angle flap-onlap – a new term) of Kimmeridgian to Turonian age, indicating that diapirism was active throughout this period. Stratal dip-fanning and wedge-thinning is predominantly caused by original sedimentary depositional processes with multiple low-angle unconformities (1°–5° pinchout angles) in both carbonate- and clastic-dominated sequences. No significant sedimentary slumping was observed in the clastic-dominated strata but important slumping of flank material is present in the carbonate-dominated sequences.

Two tar accumulations are derived from oil trapped in sandstones on the flanks of the São Pedro de Moel and Santa Cruz salt diapirs. These are interpreted to be exhumed, but now biodegraded, oilfields. To our knowledge, these are the only exposed examples of salt-flank hydrocarbon accumulations that have been documented in the literature.
NF-κB blockade during short-terml-NAME and salt overload strongly attenuates the late development of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Oliveira Karin Carneiro , Zambom Fernanda Florencia Fregnan , Albino Amanda Helen , Alarcon Arias Simone Costa , Ávila Victor Ferreira , Faustino Viviane Dias , Malheiros Denise Maria Avancini Costa , Camara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Fujihara Clarice Kazue , Zatz Roberto
Published: May 2020

Nitric oxide synthase inhibition by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) plus a high-salt diet (HS) is a model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) characterized by marked hypertension and renal injury. With cessation of treatment, most of these changes subside, but progressive renal injury develops, associated with persistent low-grade renal inflammation. We investigated whether innate immunity, and in particular the NF-κB system, is involved in this process. Male Munich-Wistar rats received HS + l-NAME (32 mg·kg−1·day−1), whereas control rats received HS only. Treatment was ceased after week 4 when 30 rats were studied. Additional rats were studied at week 8 ( n = 30) and week 28 ( n = 30). As expected, HS + l-NAME promoted severe hypertension, albuminuria, and renal injury after 4 wk of treatment, whereas innate immunity activation was evident. After discontinuation of treatments, partial regression of renal injury and inflammation occurred, along with persistence of innate immunity activation at week 8. At week 28, glomerular injury worsened, while renal inflammation persisted and renal innate immunity remained activated. Temporary administration of the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, in concomitancy with the early 4-wk HS + l-NAME treatment, prevented the development of late renal injury and inflammation, an effect that lasted until the end of the study. Early activation of innate immunity may be crucial to the initiation of renal injury in the HS + l-NAME model and to the autonomous progression of chronic nephropathy even after cessation of the original insult. This behavior may be common to other conditions leading to CKD.
Biocementation Influence on Flexural Strength and Chloride Ingress by Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Bacillus megaterium in Mortar Structures
Authors: Mutitu Daniel Karanja , Wachira Jackson Muthengia , Mwirichia Romano , Thiong’o Joseph Karanja , Munyao Onesmus Mulwa , Genson Muriithi
Published: May 2020

The concrete/mortar durability performance depends mainly on the environmental conditions, the microstructures, and its chemistry. Cement structures are subject to deterioration by the ingress of aggressive media. This study focused on the effects of Bacillus megaterium and Lysinibacillus sphaericus on flexural strength and chloride ingress in mortar prisms. Microbial solutions with a concentration of 1.0 × 107 cells/ml were mixed with ordinary Portland cement (OPC 42.5 N) to make mortar prisms at a water/cement ratio of 0.5. Four mortar categories were obtained from each bacterium based on mix and curing solution. Mortar prisms of 160 mm × 40 mm × 40 mm were used in this study. Flexural strength across all mortar categories was determined at the 14th, 28th, and 56th day of curing. Mortars prepared and cured using bacterial solution across all curing ages exhibited the highest flexural strength as well as the highest percent flexural strength gain. Lysinibacillus sphaericus mortars across all mortar categories showed higher flexural strength and percent flexural strength gain than Bacillus megaterium mortars. The highest percent flexural strength gain of 33.3% and 37.0% was exhibited by the 28th and 56th day of curing, respectively. The mortars were subjected to laboratory prepared 3.5% by mass of sodium chloride solution under the accelerated ion migration test method for thirty-six hours using a 12 V Direct Current power source after their 28th day of curing. After subjecting the mortar cubes to Cl media, their core powder was analyzed for Cl content. From these results, the apparent diffusion coefficient, Dapp, was approximated from solutions to Fick’s 2nd Law using the error function. Bacillus megaterium mortars across all mortar categories showed lower apparent diffusion coefficient values with the lowest being 2.6456 × 10–10 while the highest value for Lysinibacillus sphaericus mortars was 2.8005 × 10–10. Both of the test bacteria lowered the ordinary Portland cement Cl-ingress but Bacillus megaterium was significantly more effective than Lysinibacillus sphaericus in inhibition.
Percutaneous Application of Galvanic Current in Rodents Reverses Signs of Myofascial Trigger Points
Authors: Margalef R. , Bosque M. , Monclús P. , Flores P. , Minaya-Muñoz F. , Valera-Garrido F. , Santafé M. M.
Published: May 2020

An increase in the spontaneous release of acetylcholine (ACh) at the motor endplate is directly related to the generation of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs). In this study, percutaneous electric fields were applied to an animal model of MTrPs with high levels of spontaneous ACh release. All experiments were performed on Swiss mice and Sprague Dawley rats. For evaluating the spontaneous neurotransmission, intracellular recordings were performed, and the frequency of miniature endplate potentials was evaluated. Electromyographic recordings were also conducted to evaluate the endplate noise. Finally, the number and strength of local twitch responses (LTR) were evaluated using ultrasound recordings. The protocols used for the electric currents were 0.4 mA for five seconds and four repetitions (protocol 1), 1.5 mA for five seconds and three repetitions (protocol 2), and 3 mA for three seconds and three repetitions (protocol 3). After a subcutaneous injection of neostigmine (NTG), a great increase was observed in the frequency of mEPPs, together with an elevated endplate noise. Protocols 2 and 3 were the most effective. Protocol 3 could completely reverse the action of NTG at both three hours and 24 hours, respectively. The application of percutaneous currents produced both an increase in the number (144%) and in the speed (230% faster) of LTR compared with dry needling. In conclusion, higher doses of electrical current are more effective for decreasing MTrPs findings in an animal model.
Low Dose of Genistein Alleviates Mono-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate-Induced Fetal Testis Disorder Based on Organ Culture Model
Authors: Zhang Tong-Dian , Ma Yu-Bo , Li He-Cheng , Chong Tie , Wang Zi-Ming , Zhang Lian-Dong
Published: May 2020

Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and genistein have been classified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which interfere with the differentiation and development of the male reproductive system. However, how these two EDCs would affect fetal rat testis development at a low dose was rarely studied. In this study, we established the organ culture system and applied it to evaluate testicular effects following multiple EDC exposure at a low dose. 15.5 days postcoitum fetal rat testes were dissected, cultured, and exposed to vehicle (control), GEN (1 μmol/L, G), MEHP (1 μmol/L, M), or GEN (1 μmol/L)+MEHP (1 μmol/L, G+M). Testicular cell markers, testosterone concentration, redox state, testicular histology, and testicular ultrastructure were evaluated. Our results showed that a low dose of MEHP suppressed the development of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells, and gonocytes by triggering oxidative injuries, which was consistent with the ultrastructural findings. However, coadministration of genistein at a low dose could partially attenuate MEHP-induced fetal testis damage through antioxidative action. Cotreatment of genistein at a low dose may have a promising future on its protecting role for attenuating other EDC-induced reproductive disorders during early life. Based on the results, it can be speculated that dietary intake of isoflavones may make the fetal testis less susceptible to phthalate-induced injury.
Perceived Stress, Depression, and Associated Factors among Undergraduate Health Science Students at Arsi University in 2019 in Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Worku Deressa , Dirriba Abdisa Boka , Wordofa Berhanu , Fetensa Getahun
Published: May 2020

Background. A mental health problem is a significant cause of overall disease burden globally. Among this problem, stress and depression are the central problems observed among university students due to the transitional nature. Consequently, the problem has an adverse effect on the wellbeing and academic performance of students.Objective. To assess perceived stress, depression, and associated factors among undergraduate health science students at Arsi University in 2019 in Oromia, Ethiopia.Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design on undergraduate health science students was employed for the study from February 25 to April 15, 2019. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire of the perceived stress scale (PSS-14) item and Beck depression inventory 21 items.Result. All of the study subjects were between ages 18 and 30 with a mean age of20.9±1.83standard deviation years. The current prevalence of perceived stress among study subjects was 63.5%. Age category, study year, pressure to maintain a good grade, practical attachment, lack of dormitory safety, and the financial problem were identified as significantly associated factors of perceived stress. In addition to this study, results also revealed that the prevalence of depression among students was 4.4% in which thinking about career future prospects was a significantly associated factor.Conclusion. Stress was a significant problem among study participants where a small proportion of study subjects presented with depression. Comprehensive counseling and guidance aligned with training on awareness creation were recommended.
Patterns and Direct/Indirect Signaling Pathways in Cardiovascular System in the Condition of Transient Increase of NO
Authors: Misak Anton , Kurakova Lucia , Berenyiova Andrea , Tomasova Lenka , Grman Marian , Cacanyiova Sona , Ondrias Karol
Published: May 2020

Aim. To study “patterns” and connections of signaling pathways derived from the rat arterial pulse waveform (APW) under the condition of transient NO increase. Methods and Results. The right jugular vein of anesthetized Wistar rats was cannulated for administration of NO donor S‐nitrosoglutathione. The left carotid artery was cannulated to detect APW. From rat APW, 35 hemodynamic parameters (HPs) and several their crossrelationships were evaluated. We introduced a new methodology to study “patterns” and connections of different signaling pathways, which are suggested from hysteresis and nonhysteresis crossrelationships of 35 rat HPs. Here, we show parallel time‐dependent patterns of 35 HPs and some of their crossrelationships under the condition of transient increase of NO bioavailability by administration of S‐nitrosoglutathione. Approximate nonhysteresis relationships were observed between systolic blood pressure and at least 11 HPs suggesting that these HPs, i.e., their signaling pathways, responding to NO concentration, are directly connected. Hysteresis relationships were observed between systolic blood pressure and at least 14 HPs suggesting that the signaling pathways of these HPs are indirectly connected. Totally, from the crossrelationships of 35 HPs, one can obtain 595 “patterns” and indication of direct or indirect connections between the signaling pathways. Conclusion. We described the procedure leading virtually to 595 relationships, from which “patterns” for transient NO increase and direct or indirect connections of signaling pathways can be suggested. From a clinical perspective, this approach may be used in animal models and in humans to create a data bank of patterns of crossrelationships of HPs for different cardiovascular conditions. By comparison with unknown patterns of studied APW with the data bank patterns, it would be possible to determine cardiovascular conditions of the studied subject from the recorded arterial blood pressure. Additionally, it can help to find molecular mechanism of particular (patho‐) physiological conditions or drug action and may have predictive or diagnostic value.
Optimal Framework to Maximize the Workplace Charging Station Owner Profit while Compensating Electric Vehicles Users
Authors: Ayyadi Soumia , Maaroufi Mohamed
Published: May 2020

Electric vehicles (EVs) are one promising technology for an improved sustainable transportation sector, particularly when they are charged with electricity from renewable energy sources. However, the EV user behaviour uncertainties as well as the fluctuating generation of renewable energy sources make the interaction between these technologies challenging. In this work, a new approach to coordinate the charging process of multiple EVs parked at workplace charging station (WCS) equipped with Photovoltaic panels (PV) is proposed. Considering the PV incremental cost and the day-ahead electricity price (DAEP), an optimal framework is introduced to maximize the WCS owner profit while compensating the EV users for discharging their EVs’ battery. The EV user behaviour uncertainties are modeled by probability distribution functions, and the PV generation is forecasted by the backpropagation neural network model (BPNN). The optimization problem is solved by mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) while the Monte Carlo sampling methods have been applied to handle the EV user behaviour uncertainties. The results show that the proposed method increases the WCS owner profit and the EV user compensation by 54% and 50.7%, respectively, compared to uncoordinated charging. Moreover, the estimated WCS owner profit and the EV user compensation generated by coordinated charging are 1.72% and 1.35%, respectively, higher than the profits based on real user behaviour data.
A Fatal Case of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis from Recreational Waters
Authors: Hamaty Edward , Faiek Saif , Nandi Minesh , Stidd David , Trivedi Manish , Kandukuri Hari
Published: May 2020

Background. Naegleria Fowleri is a single-cell, thermophilic amphizoid amoeba, and a rare known causative agent for primary amoebic meningoencephalitis with >97% mortality rate. The amoeba resides in freshwater lakes and ponds but can also survive in inadequately chlorinated pools and recreational waters. The mode of infection includes activities such as diving or jumping into freshwater or submerging the head under the water. Although most commonly seen in the southern United States, it is essential to keep this clinical suspicion in mind regardless of geography, as presenting symptoms can be very similar to classic bacterial meningitis. Case Summary. We report the first-ever case in the state of New Jersey of a 29-year-old male presented after a visit to a recreational water park in Texas five days before his presentation with altered mental status. In ICU, his ICP remained refractory to multiple therapies, including antibiotics and antivirals, external ventriculostomy drain, hypertonic saline, pentobarbital-induced coma, and bilateral hemicraniectomies. The CSF analysis revealed trophozoites indicating a protozoan infection, which we diagnosed in the neurocritical unit, and the patient was then immediately started with treatment that included amphotericin B, rifampin, azithromycin, and fluconazole. This suspicion was promptly confirmed by the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Unfortunately, despite all the aggressive intervention by the multidisciplinary team, the patient did not survive. Conclusion. As per the CDC, only four people out of 143 known infected individuals in the United States from 1962 to 2017 have survived. Symptoms start with a median of 5 days after exposure to contaminated water. Given the rarity of this case and its very high mortality rate, it is crucial to diagnose primary amoebic meningoencephalitis accurately as its presentation can mimic bacterial meningitis. It is vital to obtain a careful and thorough history, as it can aid in prompt diagnosis and treatment.
Lectin Profile Variation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Different Sources
Authors: Talaei-Khozani Tahereh , Aleahmad Fatemeh , Bazrafshan Ameneh , Aliabadi Elham , Vojdani Zahra
Published: May 2020

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a promising source of stem cells for regenerative medicine, have different morphological and functional characteristics. Carbohydrate moieties on the cell surface play an important role, including cell-cell interaction and cell recognition. The objective of this study was to determine possible differences in glycoconjugate distribution patterns of MSCs derived from various sources. MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue, bone marrow, Wharton’s jelly, and cord blood. Then, they were stained with FITC-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), concanavalin A (ConA), Ulex europaeus (UEA), Dolichos biflorus (DBA), and Atto-488 conjugated Phytolacca americana (PWM) lectins. The intensity of the reactions was scored using ImageJ software. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the expression of the endothelial marker CD144. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD. Cord blood-derived MSCs showed the most significant staining intensities with all lectins. All MSCs were also moderately stained with PNA. Bone marrow-derived MSCs failed to react with UEA, DBA, and ConA. Wharton’s jelly-derived MSCs could also not be stained with ConA. Cord blood-derived MSCs contained 2 subpopulations: osteoclast- and fibroblast-like cells. Both lectin staining intensity and distribution pattern were different in these 2 cell types; therefore, the central part of osteoclast-like cells stained more intensive with PNA and PWM, while that part in fibroblast-like cells stained more intensive with ConA. None of them expressed CD144. The glycoconjugate content of MSCs derived from various sources is different.
Traditional Chinese Eight Brocade Exercise Prescription for Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Quantitative Synthesis
Authors: Zou Yang-Yang , Zhang Han-Yi , Xue Liang , Ye Jing-Jing , Hu Guang-Yong
Published: May 2020

Introduction: The aim of this research was to assess the safety and effectiveness of traditional Chinese Eight Brocade exercise for ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: A literature search was conducted using twelve databases (Web of Science, EBSCO, AMED, SCOPUS, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, DBPIA, KoreaMed Synapse, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Chinese Wan Fang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from inception to June 2019. We only included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding traditional Chinese Eight Brocade exercise for AS. For statistical analysis, we adopted a quantitative analysis using the RevMan 5.3 statistical software. Results: Five eligible RCTs involving 308 participants were included in the systematic review. The meta-analysis showed superior effects of traditional Chinese Eight Brocade exercise plus NSAIDs therapy on response rate, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), inflammatory indicators, and bone mineral density when compared with NSAIDs therapy alone (p < 0.05). Moreover, when used alone, traditional Chinese Eight Brocade exercise significantly improved fatigue, intensity of morning stiffness domains, and duration of morning stiffness domains of BASDAI scores in comparison to waiting list controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Traditional Chinese Eight Brocade exercise could improve physical function and reduce disease activity and inflammatory indicators in AS patients. However, the level of evidence was low because of the high risk of bias. Further rigorously designed RCTs are warranted before it can be recommended.