bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revitalization the Internal Quality Assurance Through Leadership, Commitment, and Organization Culture
Authors: Amtu Onisimus , Fakhruddin Fakhruddin , Haryono Haryono , Muhsin Muhsin
Published: March 2021

This research aims to determine whether there is a direct and indirect influence on exogenous variables, namely leadership and organizational commitment to endogenous variables, namely the application of internal quality assurance systems in state universities with organizational culture as an intervening variable. This research used quantitative approach and the analysis tools is path analysis. Population of this study included 340 lecturers at three state universities in Ambon and the sample size was 221 respondents.Â  The results of the study prove that organizational culture plays an important role in mediating and contributing to leadership and organizational commitment to the implementation of the internal quality assurance system in higher education. Leadership and organizational commitment require an organizational culture to build communication and motivation through expectations and academic values that develop in a healthy, creative, innovative and dynamic manner because it can encourage collaboration and synergy of all elements of higher education to achieve the set quality standards.
Edu-Finance Management Model in BOS Fund Management to Create Financial Well-Being
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Thoharudin Munawar
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of BOS fund management and to design an edu-finance management model in order to achieve school financial well-being. The research approach used was a qualitative approach. Data sources consisted of BOS fund managers and school principals. Data collection techniques included FGDs with BOS fund managers; interview; and documentation. Data analysis techniques used the Miles and Hubermans model including data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions and verification. The conclusion of this research is that the compilers of school financial planning and work programs are made only to fulfill administrative requirements; the implementation of financial management in the management of BOS fund is still low; in making accountability reports, many do not understand the evidence documents that must be prepared and financial management training has not been carried out in accordance with the needs. After being given edu-finance training, the BOS fund managers understand the preparation of work programs, the use of BOS fund based on a priority scale, and the preparation of accountability reports along with the files that should be prepared.
Conservation-Based Teaching Materials of Financial Accounting: A Learning Innovation
Authors: Kusmuriyanto Kusmuriyanto , Astuti Dwi Puji
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of conservation-based teaching materials of financial accounting that have been developed. This research was a Research and Development. The research flow scheme was adapted from Borg & Gall's development research. The population of this study was all students of cooperative education, class of 2019, totaling 120 students. The research sample consisted of 60 students who were divided into the control class and the experimental class. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. Data collection techniques used observation, interviews, questionnaires, document analysis and student test results. The data analysis technique used paired sample T-test. Testing of teaching materials was carried out on cooperative education students who took financial accounting courses. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean value of learning outcomes before and after treatment. It can be concluded that conservation-based teaching materials of financial accounting can effectively improve student learning outcomes.
The Impact of GRDP and RWP on Regional Minimum Wage
Authors: Siregar Robert Tua , Silitonga Hery Pandapotan , Lubis Khairunnisah , Sudirman Acai
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of the percentage in development of Pematangsiantar city’s regional minimum wages, and the problem in this study how GRDP and RWP affect on the percentage of development of Regionl Minimum Wage at Pematangsiantar City. The method used was quantitative descriptive analysis. Data analysis used were Classic Assumption Test, Multiple Linear Regression, Correlation Coefficient, Determination, F-test and t-test object on RMW at Pematangsiantar city. Finding of research and results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis test are  that the GRDP and RWP had a positive effect on the RMW of Pematangsiantar City, 2). The results of the correlation coefficient indicate that the GRDP and RWP of Pematangsiantar City on its RMW were at a very strong level, while the coefficient of determination of 67.5%  at high or low of the minimum wages can be explained by the GRDP and RWP, while the remaining  of 32.5% was influenced by other factors which were not included in this study, 3). Hypothesis Test for  F-test indicates that the GRDP and RWP influences significantly on Pematang city’s RMW, and for the t- test indicates that the GRDP and RWP had a positive and significant effect on the RMW in Pematangsiantar City from 2005 to 2018. This means that as the GRDP increases, the value of setting Pematangsiantar City's minimum wage in the following year will also increase, and vice versa. The increase of  laborers/workers demands will affect the standard of regioanalwages that will be determined, this happens  because wages will always adjust to the labor market demand. The stipulation of the minimum wage, it has an impact on GRDP in Pematangsiantar City, because the consumptive rate will be carried out in the place where it gets paid.
The Reluctance Phenomenon of Islamic Banks to Offer Profit-Loss Sharing Financing
Authors: Sabrina Sabrina , Majid M. Shabri Abd
Published: March 2021

This study contributes to the existing literature on the phenomenon of lower valume of Profit-Loss Sharing (PLS)-based products offered by Islamic banks by comprehensively discussing and analyzing the issue from the internal, external, and regulation perspectives, taking the case of PT. Bank Aceh Syariah (BAS) in Indonesia. Using a grounded theory approach, this study interviews selected informants who are knowledgeable in Islamic economics, banking, and financial theories and practices, including experts, practitioners, customers, and regulators. Viewed from three aspects, namely: internal, external, and regulation, the study found that, from the internal aspect, the problem of the low volume of PLS-based financing products is caused by six factors, namely: high risk, lack of quality and quantity of human resources, complicated handling, lack of banking product innovation, asymmetric information, and lack of socialization. Meanwhile, from the external aspects, it is caused by three factors, namely: moral hazard, lack of community's knowledge of Islamic banking products, and low demand. Finally, from the aspect of the regulation, it is caused by a lack of supportive regulation. By tackling these issues, it is believed that the Islamic bank could offer more PLS-based products that finally contribute to the prosperity of the public.
The Origin Of the Kultepe Culture
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan branch, Head of the Department of «Archaeological Service», History PhD, Associate Professor, Guliyeva Zeyneb
Published: March 2021

The different opinions have been put forward about the neolithization of the Azerbaijan. Some researchers note that the South Caucasus’ Neolithic culture is related to Mesopotamia by origin; some note that this culture developed based on local traditions. New researches conducted in the territory of Nakhchivan are essential for solving these problems. New excavations conducted in Kultepe I, located near the city of Nakhchivan, led to the discovery of new facts related to the peopling history of this site and the peculiarities of the Kultepe culture. Studies show that there were various centers of Neolithic cultures’ formation in the VII—VI millennia BC in Azerbaijan. Moreover, the Kultepe is the oldest ceramic Neolithic site in the South Caucasus. Outputs of these studies indicate that Azerbaijan’s Neolithic cultures have no sources in the Middle East’s monuments.
Ancient Burial Mounds as a Symbolic System
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Archaeology, Dr. hab., Chief Research Fellow, Ivanova Svitlana
Published: March 2021

Analysis of early dates and stratigraphy of burial mound complexes (the second half of the V millennium BC) led to the conclusion, that they are not directly related to the burial embankment, but relate to complex monumental structures — sanctuaries. The sanctuaries preceded the burial mounds in chronological aspect, and they functioned for a long time without creating an embankment above them. The part of sanctuaries had astronomical reference points and were connected to calendar-zodiac symbolism. Sometimes burials were carried out on the territory of sanctuaries; these burials had sacral nature. These were flat burials and the mound above them were not erected. Burial mounds above the sanctuaries began to appear after burials of later epochs were carried out in sacral places (not earlier than 38/37 BC.). These mounds erroneously are associated with flat burials or ground sanctuaries. The dating of burial mounds by the dating of sacral flat burials (or by the dating of «pillar sanctuaries») mistakenly depreciated the dating of appearance of the first mounds in the Steppe Black Sea region and Transcaucasia. The separation of these complexes in time and space (the flat ground sanctuary and the burial mound itself) allowed drawing conclusions about the existence of this sanctuaries in 45—40 BC. The burial mounds appear later, their installation in the place of sanctuaries is connected with the sacral nature of the place. Throughout Europe, barrows appear almost simultaneously, in 38/37 BC, although in different cultures. It is possible to assume the Central European and Lower Danube influence on the formation of ideological ideas of the Steppe population. In particular, the phenomenon of sanctuaries of the Middle Eneolithic may have originated under Central European influence. It obviously had structural similarities with other complexes built in accordance with the movement of the celestial luminaries in the late Neolithic of Central and Atlantic Europe. The appearance of sanctuaries can be attributed to the circle of archaeological evidence of the interaction between the world of early farmers of Southeast and Central Europe and the "steppe" world of the pastoralists. The barrows of the Black Sea and Caucasian steppe are synchronous with European burial mounds, and their ancientization and equation with the dating of sanctuaries is erroneous.
Horse Whip Pommels With a Special Protrusion of the XI—XIII Centuries (Based on the Materials of the National Museum of History of Ukraine)
Authors:   National Museum of History of Ukraine, Sector of the Medieval Archaeology, Research Fellow of the Storage Department, Osypenko Maksym
Published: March 2021

To bridge a riding war horse and subordinate it to the will of the rider is possible through the usage of harness and other special equipment, which were fixed on an animal or operated by a person. In addition, a whip was used to execute the orders of the rider more effectively. The whip occured in the complex of weapons of the Ancient Rus warrior from a nomadic environment, where it simultaneously acted as a cult attribute and a kind of amulet. The structure of the whip provided the following components: a whip woven made of leather straps, a whip-handle, which ended with a knob at the pommel. Nowadays, there are different whip pommels according to their shape, material of manufacture and construction. The parts of the handle are divided into groups due to the material of manufacture (bone/horn, metal), into types according to the body shape, and into ornamental schemes if possible. All of them are connected by the presence of a typical protrusion, which prevented the whip from falling out of the rider’s hand and, in some cases, acquired a certain visual similarity to the head of a bird, or had specific zoomorphic (ornithological) features. Four types are distinguished for bone knobs (group I): spherical flattened; barrel-shaped rounded and with elongated proportions; with zoomorphic features; attached to the heads of the natural curves of the horny outgrowth. Metal knobs are of five types (group II): spherical; barrel-shaped elongated; zoomorphic; with cut corners; star-shaped. In the Eastern European region, finds of whip pommels with somewhat flattened forms and small beak-like outgrowths begin to be recorded from the X c. and all items are exclusively made of bone. The round, spherical and barrel-shaped knobs with elongated projections appear in the second half of the XI c. and continue to exist in the next two centuries. Zoomorphic knobs in the shape of a bird’s head of small proportions existed for a relatively short time — XI — first half of the XII c., and items on an elongated socket – from the XII — first half of the XIII c. The knobs with cut corners are dated more widely, within the XII—XIII/XIV c. The National Museum of the History of Ukraine contains eight items representing the corresponding pommels or their parts. Two finds are of unknown origin, and six are identified and come from Ancient Rus settlement structures of the XI—XIII c. from the territory of the Ros River region: Nabutiv, Kononcha, Sharky, Kniazha Hora.
Could neurosurgical patients benefit from psychotherapy? A few words on the use of cognitive-behavioural therapy in brain injured patients
Authors:   Klinika Neurochirurgii, Chirurgii Kręgosłupa i Nerwów Obwodowych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska, Pawełczyk Agnieszka , Błaszczyk Maciej ,   Klinika Neurochirurgii, Chirurgii Kręgosłupa i Nerwów Obwodowych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska, Pawełczyk Tomasz ,   Klinika Zaburzeń Afektywnych i Psychotycznych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska, Radek Maciej ,   Klinika Neurochirurgii, Chirurgii Kręgosłupa i Nerwów Obwodowych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi, Łódź, Polska
Published: March 2021

Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment of various mental disorders. The present study reviews the available literature on the use and effectiveness of this therapy, both its classic form and more recent approaches (the so called “third wave”), among patients with brain injuries and those treated with surgical methods. We present a number of studies describing the use of cognitive-behavioural therapy in the treatment of patients with craniocerebral injuries, brain tumours, intracranial bleeding and vascular malformations. The obtained results are promising for the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder as well as sleep disorders, impulsivity and aggressive behaviour. The findings suggest that cognitive-behavioural therapy techniques may be effective in both these groups of patients and their families or caregivers. Currently, due to the small number of randomised controlled trials, high heterogeneity of study groups and a variety of research protocols, these findings do not allow for drawing final conclusions and proposing recommendations. Nevertheless, they demonstrate that the strategy offers promise when treating patients with brain damage. It is suggested that psychotherapy should be initiated after the end of the acute phase of the disease as it requires a certain level of self-awareness and an ability to test hypotheses, so it may be inadequate for patients with profound cognitive impairment. It requires the cooperation of a multidisciplinary team: doctors, physiotherapist, neuropsychologist and psychotherapist who, in addition to therapeutic skills, should have knowledge of the brain–behaviour relationship.
Reading epilepsy – a case report
Authors:   Poradnia Neurologiczna, Samodzielny Publiczny Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej MSWiA, Koszalin, Polska, Stanosz-Sankowska Maria Jolanta , Sankowska Małgorzata ,   Wydział Lekarski, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Warszawie, VI rok studiów, Warszawa, Polska
Published: March 2021

Reflex epilepsy, where epileptic seizures are triggered by specific sensory stimuli, affects 4–7% of patients suffering from epilepsy. Reading epilepsy, where all or almost all epileptic seizures are induced by reading, is a very rare form of reflex epilepsy. Two types of this disease have been distinguished: the most common type is caused by sudden muscle jaw contractions (myoclonic variant) and it lasts for a very short time (for example few seconds), while the second type is characterised by focal alexia seizures (focal variant with alexia). The article highlights the clinical picture and treatment of reading epilepsy in a 18-yearold patient. In this case, seizures were always caused by at least 2 hours of continuous reading and were preceded by jaw myoclonus. The treatment included sodium valproate and levetiracetam.
Multirezisztens kórokozók szűrése szürkehályog-műtét előtt
Authors: Sohajda Zoltán , Mályi Katalin
Published: March 2021

Összefoglaló.
Bevezetés: A multirezisztens kórokozók által okozott fertőzések
komoly gondot okoznak. Szemészeti szempontból az ebbe a körbe tartozó
meticillinrezisztens Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) baktérium bír
kiemelkedő jelentőséggel. Célkitűzés: Multirezisztens kórokozók
irányában cataractaműtét előtt álló betegektől mintavétel és adatelemzés.
Módszer: 257, cataractaműtét előtt álló beteg esetében
végeztünk multirezisztens kórokozók szűrésére vizsgálatot a conjunctivazsákból.
A mikrobiológiai tenyésztés során multirezisztens kórokozóra pozitív eredményt
adó betegek esetében a preoperatív kórtörténetet és az általános kísérő
betegségeket feltártuk és elemeztük. Eredmények: A minták 17
beteg esetében multirezisztens kórokozóra pozitívak voltak. 11 esetben
szisztémás rizikófaktorokat is találtunk. A pozitív betegeknél a műtétet csak a
felszabadító mikrobiológiai eredmények birtokában végeztük el. A dekolonizált
betegeknél ezt követően a szakmai protokoll normális antibiotikumprevencióját
alkalmaztuk. A 257 beteg 6,6%-ában találtunk multirezisztenskórokozó- és 5%-ában
MRSA-pozitivitást. Posztoperatív endophthalmitis nem fordult elő.
Következtetés: A cataractaműtéteknél alkalmazott
antibiotikus endophthalmitisprevenció multirezisztens kórokozóra pozitív
betegeknél kevéssé hatékony lehet. Ezért javasolt a veszélyeztetett betegek
multirezisztens kórokozókra történő szűrése és dekolonizációja. Orv Hetil. 2021;
162(3): 106–111.

Summary.
Introduction: Infections caused by multiresistant pathogens may
have serious consequences. In ophthalmological practice, methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most important
multiresistant pathogen. Objective: We took samples for
multiresistant pathogens from patients assigned for cataract surgery.
Method: We carried out multiresistant pathogen screening
from conjunctival sac in 257 patients, who were assigned for cataract surgery.
Preoperative case history and concomitant systemic diseases were evaluated in
patients, who turned out to be positive for multiresistant pathogens during the
screening procedure. Results: The samples were positive for
multiresistant pathogens in 17 patients. In the case history of 11
multiresistant pathogen positive patients, previous systemic risk factors could
be explored. Multiresistant pathogen positive patients were operated only after
the decolonisation. After the decolonisation, the normal antibiotic prevention
was used before the surgery. Multiresistant pathogen positive was 6.6%, MRSA
positive was 5% of the 257 patients. There were no cases of endophthalmitis in
any of these patients. Conclusion: Endophthalmitis prevention
with antibiotics, according to the guidelines, may not be efficient in
multiresistant pathogen positive patients. Therefore, it is advisable to screen
multiresistant pathogens and decolonisation at risk patients before cataract
surgery. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 106–111.
Inzulinrezisztencia és következményei gyermek- és serdülőkorban
Authors: Tobisch Borbála , Blatniczky László , Schusterova Ingrid , Kovács Levente , Barkai László
Published: March 2021

Összefoglaló. Számos adat igazolja, hogy az inzulinrezisztencia
gyakori jelenség gyermek- és serdülőkorban, és szoros kapcsolatban áll a
cardiovascularis kockázat növekedésével, ami miatt a kérdéskörre az életnek
ebben a korai szakaszában is kiemelt figyelmet kell fordítani. Ma már egyre több
ismerettel rendelkezünk a kockázati tényezőket illetően, nincs azonban egységes
álláspont az inzulinrezisztencia meghatározására vonatkozóan a klinikai
gyakorlatban, és nem rendelkezünk megfelelő laboratóriumi markerekkel, melyek
segítségével a veszélyeztetetteket széles körben eredményesen lehetne
azonosítani. Mindezek alapján a laboratóriumi módszerrel történő szűrés ebben az
életkorban nem indokolt, azonban a társuló és következményes kórállapotok
klinikai alapon történő felismerésére törekedni kell. A cardiovascularis
kockázat megelőzésére irányuló életmódbeli prevenció hatásos az
inzulinrezisztencia csökkentésében, a gyakorlatban azonban kivitelezése és
eredményessége korlátozott. A gyógyszeres intervenció jelenleg ebben az
életkorban csak egyes szelektált esetekben kerülhet alkalmazásra. További
klinikai kutatásokra van szükség az inzulinrezisztencia mérése, az életmódbeli
és gyógyszeres intervenciós lehetőségek területén annak érdekében, hogy sikeres
stratégiák legyenek kialakíthatók a cardiovascularis halálozás megelőzése,
csökkentése érdekében. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(11): 403–412.

Summary. Numerous data confirm that insulin resistance is a common
phenomenon in children, and closely links to an increase in cardiovascular risk,
therefore it is urgent to pay attention to this from early childhood. Today, we
have more and more knowledge about risk factors, but there is no common position
on the definition of insulin resistance in clinical practice and we do not have
adequate laboratory markers to identify those at risk effectively. Based on all
these factors, laboratory screening is not justified at this age, however,
efforts should be made to recognize associated and consequent conditions on a
clinical basis. Lifestyle prevention to prevent cardiovascular risk is effective
in reducing insulin resistance, but in practice its implementation and
effectiveness are limited. At present, pharmacological intervention can only be
used in certain selected cases with this age group. Further clinical research is
needed to measure insulin resistance, lifestyle and drug intervention options in
order to develop successful strategies to prevent and reduce cardiovascular
death. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(11): 403–412.
Oscillatory behavior of third-order nonlinear differential equations with mixed neutral terms
Authors: GRACE Said R. , GRAEF John R. , TUNC Ercan
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the oscillation of third-order nonlinear differential equations with neutral terms involving positive and negative nonlinear parts. An example is provided to illustrate the results.
¿El canto a San Francisco o las exequias de Sebastián Ramírez de Fuenleal? Una aproximación al llamado Pipilcuicatl o “Canto de niños” del manuscrito de Cantares mexicanos
Authors:   Universidad de Varsovia, Szoblik Katarzyna
Published: March 2021

The article presents a critical interpretation of one of the songs collected in the 16th-century manuscript known as Cantares mexicanos. “The Children’s Song”, in Nahuatl Pipilcuicatl, is one of the few pieces of this manuscript provided with clear information on the context of its performance, which apparently should facilitate its correct interpretation. However, as the present analysis shows, the song in question is in fact a result of various reelaborations of the more ancient models. It is an overlap of diff erent semantic levels corresponding to diverse ideologies, objectives, events and socio-politic contexts, such as: the ancient indigenous rituals, funerary celebrations, Medieval and Renaissance Christian popular beliefs and aesthetics, as well as the contemporary Colonial aesthetics of the New Spain. The objective of this article is to indicate the possible meanings that might have been attributed to diff erent elements of this song by the Spaniards and the indigenous participants of the celebration.
Vencer el miedo para recuperar la identidad: el confl icto armado en Colombia y la masacre de Bojayá
Authors:   Universidad de Silesia, Ramos Juan Pablo Ortiz
Published: March 2021

This article demonstrates the violence in Colombia as a background to the historical events in the country and the way it led to the armed conflict which lasted for over the fifty years. This war continued, with the involvement of the Military Forces of Colombia, the police, the guerrilla and the paramilitary until it reached El Atrato, a very poor and vulnerable part of the country. That is where the massacre of Bojayá took place, one of the most violent acts in the recent history of Colombia. The outcome was a high rate of victims and countless number of stories full of pain and misery. However, the survivors, against all odds, started to overcome the fear and recover. In their culture abandoning the corpse was not accepted. In consequence, they started to fight for their ideals. The article focuses on the way the inhabitants of Bojayá regained their identity and their owning to strong bonds and traditions. It has been written based on academic research and on the leadership that the victims have achieved in the public and mass media field in Colombia. They managed to get the mortal remains of the members of their community exhumed and transferred to Medellin to be identified and, in front of their executioners and in front of the world, they sang their alabaos, they could tell their story that denounced the barbarism and demanded a better future.
The Yankovsky Family: Social Adaptation of Russian Emigrants in Korea (1920s — Early 1940s)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Smirnov Sergei V.
Published: March 2021

One of the most important problems in the study of йmigrй communities is the problem of social adaptation of emigrants to the conditions of the new sociocultural environment. This issue is analysed both at the level of emigration as a whole or a regional emigrant colony and at the level of an individual family or individual. This article is devoted to the analysis of the “clan” model of emigrants’ social adaptation proposed by the author with reference to the Far Eastern Yankovsky family, who emigrated to Korea. Based on materials of private sources, mainly memoir literature, the author identifies the factors that ensured the success of the adaptation process of the Yankovsky clan. These factors include the Yankovsky family type and method of socialisation, which implied the younger generation’s focus on family values with their strong national component and family professional sphere; the presence of serious family capital and its rational implementation; belonging to the family culture of the frontier and a fairly favourable social context of colonial Korea. At the same time, two opposite trends were simultaneously operating. Belonging to the frontier culture created favourable conditions for the integration of the family into the new sociocultural environment, and the leading role of the national component in the system of family values, orientation towards its preservation and maintenance, contributed to the diasporisation of the émigré community. The “clan” model of Russian emigrants’ social adaptation can be used to study the process of adaptation of large emigrant families to the new sociocultural environment in other countries of the Far East and, above all, Northern Manchuria (Harbin).
Peculiarities of A. I. Herzen’s Historical Autobiographism in From the Other Shore
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Gorbunova Anastasiia N.
Published: March 2021

This article examines one of the most stressful and difficult periods in Herzen’s life associated with the writer’s ideological crisis of the late 1840s, which was reflected in his journalistic works of the 1850s. This research is an attempt to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the book From the Other Shore as an autobiographical text in order to trace the formation of a new concept of the author’s personality and ways to overcome his ideological crisis. The article examines the nature of autobiographism in Herzen’s creative writing of the 1850s, which L. Ya. Ginzburg defined as historical autobiographism. Romantic autobiographism of the 1830s and socio-psychological autobiographism of the 1840s were replaced by historical autobiographism (definition by L. Ginzburg). Issues of historical order become part of the writer’s personal life. Moreover, Herzen personifies the principles of historiosophy: he regards the experience of an individual as the experience of humanity at large. However, Herzen’s uncertain position in European democratic social circles was responsible for the crisis as well. That is why Herzen formulated and chose for himself the position of an outside observer. The method of historical analogies (definition by R. Нestanov) highlights this new view — Herzen compares the events of Europe with the events of the end of Ancient civilization and juxtaposes himself with Roman philosophers. Furthermore, he uses the technique of dramatising the present, and, consequently, history itself, which leads to the effect of double reflection (reflection of reflection or meta-reflection), and helps him distance from the present and overcome the emotional drama of the late 1840s — early 1850s.
Gender Semantics of the Forest in the Prose of Traditionalist Writers of the 1960s–1970s
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Barnaul, Russia, Rechkina Tatyana A.
Published: March 2021

This article studies the specific behaviour of characters in the forest space within the framework of the gender aspect. The study demonstrates that in the works of traditionalist writers of the 1960s and 1970s, as one of the iconic loci of the rural world, traditionally preserving the semantics of the unknown, “sacred” space, the forest reveals a characteristic influence on the behavior of the characters. The article provides examples that suggest that the gender of characters plays a significant role in this regard. It is proved that the objects of the most active influence of the forest are mainly male characters, whose inner space undergoes significant changes as a result, exposing the unconscious, “natural” drive of the characters. Being in the forest space, representatives of the stronger sex somehow strive for a maximum fusion with the environment, which is realised either in harmonious coexistence with nature and preservation of their own identity or in a kind of “wildness” of the characters. In this case, both options are due to the distancing of the characters from society, which is manifested to a greater or lesser extent. It is also noted that the specific behaviour of men in the forest space acquires a symbolic meaning as a result of comparison with the peculiarities of perception of the forest by female characters. Once in the forest, the heroines of the studied works do not succumb to the influence of space, preserving their inner space. Also, without crossing the line of the unconscious, women simultaneously become carriers of the cultural principle in the wild natural locus. Thus, the analysis of traditionalist prose makes it possible to find several striking examples of individual perception of the forest space by representatives of each gender.
Causal Effects of Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction, Depressive Symptoms, and Neuroticism on Kidney Function: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Park Sehoon , Lee Soojin , Kim Yaerim , Lee Yeonhee , Kang Min Woo , Kim Kwangsoo , Kim Yong Chul , Han Seung Seok , Lee Hajeong , Lee Jung Pyo , Joo Kwon Wook , Lim Chun Soo , Kim Yon Su , Kim Dong Ki
Published: March 2021

Significance Statement

Poor psychologic wellbeing is prevalent in people with kidney function impairment. A Mendelian randomization investigation identified “causal” effects from psychologic wellbeing on kidney function. The analysis demonstrated that genetic predisposition for certain positive wellbeing senses causally decreases the risk of kidney function impairment. In contrast, genetically predicted negative wellbeing senses were causally linked to a higher risk of CKD, or a lower eGFR. Therefore, this study suggests health care providers in the nephrology field should be aware of the causal linkage between psychologic wellbeing and kidney function.

Background

Further investigation of the causal effects of psychologic wellbeing on kidney function is warranted.

Methods

In this Mendelian randomization (MR) study, genetic instruments for positive affect, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism were introduced from a previous genome-wide association study meta-analysis of European individuals. Summary-level MR was performed using the CKDGen data of European ancestry (n=567,460), and additional allele score–based MR was performed in the individual-level data of White British UK Biobank participants (n=321,024).

Results

In summary-level MR with the CKDGen data, depressive symptoms were a significant causative factor for kidney function impairment (CKD OR, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 1.96; eGFR change [%] beta −2.18; 95% confidence interval, −3.61 to −0.72) and pleiotropy-robust sensitivity analysis results supported the causal estimates. A genetic predisposition for positive affect was significantly associated with better kidney function (CKD OR, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.91), eGFR change [%] beta 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 0.09 to 2.93) and sensitivity MR analysis results supported the finding for CKD outcome, but was nonsignificant for eGFR. Life satisfaction and neuroticism exposures showed nonsignificant causal estimates. In the UK Biobank with covariate-adjusted allele score MR analysis, allele scores for positive affect and life satisfaction were causally associated with reduced risk of CKD and higher eGFR. In contrast, neuroticism allele score was associated with increased risk of CKD and lower eGFR, and depressive symptoms allele score was associated with lower eGFR, but showed nonsignificant association with CKD.

Conclusions

Health care providers in the nephrology field should be aware of the causal linkage between psychologic wellbeing and kidney function.
ADAM10-Mediated Ectodomain Shedding Is an Essential Driver of Podocyte Damage
Authors: Sachs Marlies , Wetzel Sebastian , Reichelt Julia , Sachs Wiebke , Schebsdat Lisa , Zielinski Stephanie , Seipold Lisa , Heintz Lukas , Müller Stephan A. , Kretz Oliver , Lindenmeyer Maja , Wiech Thorsten , Huber Tobias B. , Lüllmann-Rauch Renate , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Saftig Paul , Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine
Published: March 2021

Significance Statement

Podocytes interdigitate, forming the renal blood filter through a modified adherens junction, the slit diaphragm. Loss of podocytes due to injury could be mediated by the cleavage of podocyte cell-adhesion molecules through the action of the ectodomain sheddase A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10). ADAM10 is highly abundant at the site of blood filtration, the podocyte foot processes. Podocyte-expressed ADAM10 is not required for the development of the renal filter, but plays a major role in podocyte injury. After antibody-mediated injury, ADAM10 is upregulated in humans and mice. The protein cleaves cell-adhesion molecules at the slit diaphragm, leading to Wnt/β-catenin signaling and podocyte loss. Therefore, ADAM10-mediated ectodomain shedding of injury-related cadherins drives podocyte injury.

Background

Podocytes embrace the glomerular capillaries with foot processes, which are interconnected by a specialized adherens junction to ultimately form the filtration barrier. Altered adhesion and loss are common features of podocyte injury, which could be mediated by shedding of cell-adhesion molecules through the regulated activity of cell surface–expressed proteases. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) is such a protease known to mediate ectodomain shedding of adhesion molecules, among others. Here we evaluate the involvement of ADAM10 in the process of antibody-induced podocyte injury.

Methods

Membrane proteomics, immunoblotting, high-resolution microscopy, and immunogold electron microscopy were used to analyze human and murine podocyte ADAM10 expression in health and kidney injury. The functionality of ADAM10 ectodomain shedding for podocyte development and injury was analyzed, in vitro and in vivo, in the anti-podocyte nephritis (APN) model in podocyte-specific, ADAM10-deficient mice.

Results

ADAM10 is selectively localized at foot processes of murine podocytes and its expression is dispensable for podocyte development. Podocyte ADAM10 expression is induced in the setting of antibody-mediated injury in humans and mice. Podocyte ADAM10 deficiency attenuates the clinical course of APN and preserves the morphologic integrity of podocytes, despite subepithelial immune-deposit formation. Functionally, ADAM10-related ectodomain shedding results in cleavage of the cell-adhesion proteins N- and P-cadherin, thus decreasing their injury-related surface levels. This favors podocyte loss and the activation of downstream signaling events through the Wnt signaling pathway in an ADAM10-dependent manner.

Conclusions

ADAM10-mediated ectodomain shedding of injury-related cadherins drives podocyte injury.
Adana ve Mersin nar bahçelerinde derim öncesi meyve çürüklük patojenleri ve farklı zamanlardaki inokulasyonların hastalık oluşumuna etkisi
Authors: Gezer Veli , Akgül Davut Soner
Published: March 2021

Derim öncesi meyve çürüklüğü nar bahçelerinde önemli bir problemdir ve ciddi ürün kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Adana ve Mersin illerindeki nar bahçelerinde derim öncesi meyve çürüklüğünün yaygınlığını saptamak, bununla ilişkili fungal patojenleri belirlemek ve farklı zamanlarda yapılan inokulasyonların hastalık oluşumuna etkisini ortaya koymaktır. 2018 yılında toplam 39 bahçede sürvey yapılmış ve simptomatik meyve örnekleri alınmıştır. Fungal patojenler standart mikolojik prosedürlere göre izole edilmiş ve klasik ve moleküler tekniklerle tanılanmıştır. Fungal patojenler bahçe koşullarında 2 farklı zamanda (çiçeklenme-meyve tutumu ve meyve büyümesi dönemleri) inokule edilmiş ve sırasıyla meyve dökümü ile kaliks çürüklüğü görülen meyve oranları kaydedilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, Adana ve Mersin’deki derim öncesi meyve çürüklüğünün yaygınlık oranlarının sırasıyla %70.6 ve %22.7 olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu illerdeki ortalama hastalık çıkışı yine aynı sırayla %5.0 ve %1.1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Simptomatik meyvelerden Alternaria spp., Aspergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullulans, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum spp., Diaporthe ambigua, Nigrospora oryzae, Penicillium spp. ve Talaromyces spp. türlerine ait izolatlar elde edilmiştir. Bu türlerin bazıları (Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Coniella granati, Diaporthe ambigua ve Penicillium mallochii), çiçekli meyveciklere inokule edildiklerinde, %87.5-100 oranında dökülmeye neden olmuş, ancak saf su püskürtülen kontrolde dökülme oranları %60-70 arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Buna karşın meyveler yarı büyüklüğe ulaştığında sadece Coniella granati ve Diaporthe ambigua inokulasyonları kaliks çürüklüğüne neden olmuş, diğer türler meyveleri çürütememiştir. Bu sonuçlar, inokule edilen türlerin çiçek ve meyvecikler üzerinde patojenik olduğunu ve bu kısımların dökülmesine yol açtığını göstermiştir. Diaporthe ambigua’nın şimdiye kadar nar meyve çürüklüğüyle ilişkili olduğuna dair bir kayda rastlanmazken bu çalışma ile meyvelerde saldırgan bir tür olduğu ortaya konmuştur.
Neither Reform nor Rescue: "Woman's Work," Ordinary Culture, and the Articulation of Modern Swedish Femininities
Authors: Conrad Jo Ann
Published: March 2021

This article examines the role of women in the construction of modern Swedish subjectivity through their participation in both quotidian activities and their networks of relations. Taking the work of Barbro Klein as a point of departure, I argue that Swedish women of the fin de siècle worked within overlapping and interconnected women’s networks through which they fashioned their own responses to the pressures of modernity within particular configurations of gender. Combining the social and political, formal and informal, labor and leisure, they created spaces for alternate cultural, commercial and social responses. These spaces from which femininity was lived as a positionality in discourse and social practice challenge the false dichotomies of past–future and tradition–modernity which have been central to the disciplinary narrative of folklore studies.
AVALIAÇÃO DA EXTRAÇÃO DE PIGMENTOS NATURAIS DA BIOMASSA REMANESCENTE DE UM SISTEMA ALGAL TURF SCRUBBER (ATS)
Authors: Altmeyer Júnior João Antônio , De Souza Maiara Priscilla , Rizzetti Tiele Medianeira , Nicaretta Dahmer Mainara , Hoeltz Michele , Brittes Benitez Lisianne , De Cassia de Souza Schneider Rosana
Published: March 2021

A biomassa proveniente de microrganismos contém recursos potencialmente renováveis e com a utilização correta pode-se gerar produtos de alto valor agregado, proporcionando um ganho ambiental e econômico. Um dos bioprodutos que apresenta grande potencial são os pigmentos naturais, os quais apresentam atividades biológicas benéficas. Assim, o foco desta pesquisa foi avaliar os pigmentos presentes na biomassa de um sistema Algal Turf Scrubber (ATS) em água de superfície local. A análise e identificação dos pigmentos foram realizadas através das técnicas de cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) e de alta eficiência com detector por arranjo de diodos (CLAE-DAD). A espectroscopia de absorção no ultravioleta visível (UV-vis) e fluorescência com varredura foram também utilizadas para fornecer informações complementares dos extratos. A partir da análise por CLAE-DAD e com base na comparação dos tempos de retenção e dos espectros encontrados para cada pico cromatográfico foi possível estimar os possíveis pigmentos na biomassa. Assim, os pigmentos possíveis identificados foram: clorofila a, epímero da clorofila a, feoftina a1 e feoftina a2, diadinocromo, violaxantina e dois carotenoides desconhecidos.
Lip height estimation in a southern African sample
Authors: Houlton Tobias MR , Jooste Nicolene , Uys André , Steyn Maryna
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: The South African Police Service frequently relies on craniofacial approximation and superimposition to assist in identifying unknown deceased individuals. Standards to estimate lip height are however limited. Findings from this study share medical applications. Aims and objectives: Establish reliable standards for estimating lip height using dentoskeletal measurements. METHODS: Cone-beam CTs comprising 124 black and 39 white southern African adults were assessed. A series of dimensions were recorded using a DICOM viewer with an inbuilt measuring tool. Relationships between hard tissue structures (maxillary, mandibular and total central incisor heights, their corresponding root lengths, face height (N-Gn), and nose height (N-Sn)) and respective overlaying soft tissues (upper, lower and total lip heights) were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences were observed between population, sex and age groups. A selection of regression equations to estimate lip height was calculated that included population, sex and approximate age (20-39 and 40+ years) for improved goodness-of-fit (r2-value). Regression models using face height produced the strongest multiple correlation (r-value) and goodness-of-fit (r2-value). Validation testing indicated that regression models often improved upon mean measurements, while offering a degree of individuality that mean values do not.
Development of a radiographic dental implant guide for identification of dental implant types
Authors: Vermeulen Lisa , Speelman Aladdin , Daries Valdiela , Philips Vincent
Published: March 2021

INTRODUCTION: Identification of dental implant types can be a complex process for inexperienced health care professionals. Dental implants can have subtle differences in their morphology, which make it difficult to distinguish them from one another The unique appearance of dental anatomy and the placement of custom restorations ensure accurate identification of bodies or human remains when radiographic techniques are correctly applied. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To develop a radiographic dental implant guide for ten common dental implant types currently used in the Western Cape, South Africa; using their morphological characteristics observed on pantomographs. DESIGN: The methodology considered for this research study was a positivist approach through a quantitative, exploratory, non-experimental research design. METHODS: Ten commonly used dental implants were radiographed at straight tube (ST), off-centre (OC) and severe off-centre (SOC) angles to create a reference instrument Two reviewers used the morphologies of the different dental implant types, namely the apex, thread and neck, observed on ante-mortem pantomographs, and compared it to the appearance of the dental implants in the reference instrument to make a positive identification match. The straight tube image of all ten dental implant types in the reference instrument was used as the initial point of reference to positively identify the morphological characteristics of each dental implant type on the pantomographs. RESULTS: A total of 380 dental implants could be identified on 105 pantomographs reviewed. Of the 380 dental implants, 350 dental implants (91%) were identified as dental implant types listed in the reference instrument while 30 dental implants were identified as another type of dental implant type not listed in the reference instrument A total of 208 dental implants (54.2%) could be positively identified on the ante-mortem pantomographs using the straight tube images in the reference instrument. The morphological characteristics of the dental implant types were described using x-ray imaging of dental implants. The ten commonly used dental implants types could be positively identified by two independent reviewers and based on this a radiographic dental implant guide was developed. CONCLUSION: Each dental implant type had unique morphological characteristics as well as similarities which enabled distinction between the different dental implant types. The dental implant guide developed could be used by dentistry and radiography students. The dental implant guide may be useful in the field of forensic dentistry and forensic radiology.
Female Volunteer Coaches in Community Sport: A Scoping Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Baxter Haley , Hoye Russell , Kappelides Pam
Published: March 2021

Over the past two decades there has been an increase in female sport participation in countries around the world, however, this has not been matched with an increase in the number of females volunteering to coach at the community level of sport. This paper uses a scoping review methodology to synthesize and analyze the extant research published on female volunteer community sport coaches, to identify gaps in the existing literature, and to provide directions for future research. It identifies a general lack of reported research on female volunteer coaches within community levels of sport and reports that existing research has focused on five themes: female volunteer coach motives, barriers, values, supports, and retention. The paper proposes a research agenda focused on seven key themes: policy and governance, coaching pathways, recruitment, retention, performance, stress and wellbeing, and support, as well as suggestions for research methods to explore these themes.