bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTON LEOPOLD RUPRECHT - A CHEMIST, MINERALOGIST, METALLURGIST AND A DISTINGUISHED PERSONALITY OF THE CHEMICAL REVOLUTION IN THE 18TH CENTURY
Authors: Čársky Jozef , Herčko Ivan
Published: January 2016

Based on Empress Maria Theresa’s order (of December 13, 1762) the first higher school institution specialised in technical education in Europe with the Department of Chemistry, Mineralogy and Metallurgy was founded in Schemnitz (present-day Banská Štiavnica) in 1763. The efforts to educate highly qualified technicians in mining, metallurgy and related fields in Austria-Hungary was crowned by foundation of this school, which in 1770 (after establishment of the Department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics, and the Department of Mining Art and Mining Law) changed its name to a loud-sounding the Mining and Forestry Academy. Within a relatively short time, the school achieved a European recognition also by its research activities. Its particular importance emerged from the application of new scientific knowledge and development of progressive technological methods performed due to research outcomes. The school was characterised by adopting experimental methods based on measuring and weighing, and thus contributed significantly to revolutionary changes of scientific understanding of chemical processes, to supporting of Lavoisier’s oxidation theory and to discarding of the phlogiston interpretation of combustion. In the rich history of the Mining Academy since its foundation, the top positions were held by eminent and internationally recognized authorities who provided not only theoretical and practical teaching and training, but also research activities linked to the production practice – Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin, Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, and particularly Anton Leopold von Ruprecht.
Tibial lengthening over intramedullary nails
Authors: Burghardt R. D. , Manzotti A. , Bhave A. , Paley D. , Herzenberg J. E.
Published: January 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the results and complications of tibial lengthening over an intramedullary nail with treatment using the traditional Ilizarov method.

Methods

In this matched case study, 16 adult patients underwent 19 tibial lengthening over nails (LON) procedures. For the matched case group, 17 patients who underwent 19 Ilizarov tibial lengthenings were retrospectively matched to the LON group.

Results

The mean external fixation time for the LON group was 2.6 months and for the matched case group was 7.6 months. The mean lengthening amounts for the LON and the matched case groups were 5.2 cm and 4.9 cm, respectively. The radiographic consolidation time in the LON group was 6.6 months and in the matched case group 7.6 months. Using a clinical and radiographic outcome score that was designed for this study, the outcome was determined to be excellent in 17 and good in two patients for the LON group. The outcome was excellent in 14 and good in five patients in the matched case group. The LON group had increased blood loss and increased cost. The LON group had four deep infections; the matched case group did not have any deep infections.

Conclusions

The outcomes in the LON group were comparable with the outcomes in the matched case group. The LON group had a shorter external fixation time but experienced increased blood loss, increased cost, and four cases of deep infection. The advantage of reducing external fixation treatment time may outweigh these disadvantages in patients who have a healthy soft-tissue envelope. Cite this article: J. E. Herzenberg. Tibial lengthening over intramedullary nails: A matched case comparison with Ilizarov tibial lengthening. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:1–10. doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.51.2000577
Emancipatory social work and social intervention: contributions from Argentinian social work
Authors: Martínez Silvana , Agüero Juan
Published: January 2016

In this article, we give a general presentation of what we mean by social intervention from the political-ideological, theoretical-methodological and epistemological perspective that we have referred to in a recent work as ‘emancipatory social work’. First, we briefly refer to the meaning of emancipation. Second, we discuss a way of thinking about and doing social work that we call ‘emancipatory social work’, an approach practised from Argentina through Latin America to the Caribbean as a response to the challenges involved in the changing times of ‘Our America’, as the Cuban poet Jose Martí called the great Latin American nation. In the third part, we analyse the main features of social intervention, conceived as a form of social work, and the implications that these have for training and the political-professional project.
The contribution to the study of learning disability of Jack Tizard
Authors: Humber Lee Anderson
Published: January 2016

Jack Tizard (1919–79) pioneered the scientific analysis of learning disabilities in the decades following the end of the Second World War. This article provides an overview of his work and critically assesses his contribution, identifying key elements of his analysis. It looks at the Tizard methodology and, in particular, the philosophy of science he utilised in light of more recent approaches. The article sets the historical context for the study of subsequent developments in learning disabilities.
Transcending noir – Claire Grove’s BBC radio adaptations of Raymond Chandler
Authors: Raw Laurence
Published: January 2016

By considering two of Radio 4’s most recent adaptations (2011), this article analyses how director Claire Grove recreates the noir aesthetic characteristic of post-1945 radio and film adaptations of Chandler’s work. She achieves her task through various means – subverting Marlowe’s role as the omniscient narrator, challenging our understanding of him as a hard-boiled hero, and creating deliberately discordant soundscapes denoting the corruption pervading Marlowe’s world. The experience of listening to Grove’s adaptations not only reminds us of the importance of noir in the past but also comments on corruption in the present day. Nonetheless this is not the end of the story, as Grove asks us to reflect on Marlowe’s behaviour and consider whether there are other alternatives to viewing the world through perpetually cynical spectacles.
Reviews
Authors: Huws Catrin Fflur , Raw Laurence
Published: January 2016

Justice Performed: Courtroom TV Shows and the Theaters of Popular Culture, Sarah Kozinn (2015) Bloomsbury: London and New York, 206 pp., ISBN: 9781472527844, e-book, £13.99; h/bk, £45.50

Adapting Graham Greene, Richard J. Hand and Andrew Purssell (2015) London and New York: Palgrave, 150 pp., ISBN: 9780230579040, h/bk, £45.00
Book Review
Authors: Ndlela Martin Nkosi
Published: January 2016

The Internet and Democracy Building in Lusophone African Countries, S. Salgado (2014) Surrey, England: Ashgate, 185 pp., ISBN: 9781409436560, h/bk, £60
Binary opposites – can South African journalists be both watchdogs and developmental journalists?
Authors: De Beer Arnold S. , Malila Vanessa , Beckett Sean , Wasserman Herman
Published: January 2016

This article challenges the traditional role ascribed by liberal and developmental media theory that journalists should either be watchdogs or developmental journalists but not both at the same time. As part of the South African leg of the Worlds of Journalism (WJS) project this article argues that it is indeed possible that the media can fulfil both roles. Utilizing the WJS 2014 questionnaire and based on a provincial face-to-face (n=37) and a national electronic survey (n=371) the results from the WJS South African project show a potential new trend in the way South African journalists see their role. This article reports in the main on the background to the face-to-face survey, while utilizing data from the national survey reported on elsewhere. Data analysis showed when both roles were compared to one another it was apparent that the watchdog and developmental roles were statistically significantly related to one another.
STUDY OF THE FIRE PERFORMANCE OF HYBRID STEEL-TIMBER CONNECTIONS WITH FULL-SCALE TESTS AND FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING
Authors: Akotuah Aaron O. , Ali Sabah G. , Erochko Jeffrey , Zhang Xia , Hadjisophocleous George V.
Published: January 2016

Connection design is critical in timber buildings since the connections tend to have lower strength than the structural members themselves and they tend to fail in a brittle manner. The effect of connection geometry on the fire performance of a hybrid steel-timber shear connection is investigated by full-scale testing. These tests were conducted by exposing the test specimens to the standard time-temperature curve defined by CAN/ULC-S101 (CAN/ULC-S101, 2007). Test results showed that the fire resistance of these connections depends on the load ratio, the type of connection and the relative exposure of the steel plate to fire. Finite element models of the connections under fire were constructed using ABAQUS/CAE and these were validated using the test results. These numerical model results correlate well with test results with ±8.32% variation.
MODELLING OF FIRE IN AN OPEN CAR PARK
Authors: Márton Timea , Dederichs Anne , Giuliani Luisa
Published: January 2016

Steel car parks exhibit high vulnerability to fire, as a consequence of the degradation of the steel mechanical properties at high temperatures and of the combustible type and amount. Real fire accidents in open car parks demonstrated a much faster and extended fire spread than predictions, assuming that a fire spread rate of 12 min and consider at most 3-4 vehicles on fire at the same time. Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) is applied in this current paper to study fire spread between cars. The outcomes of the investigations show that the fire spread is strongly influenced by the geometrical layout and that the distance between cars plays a determinant role on the fire spread rate and ignition of adjacent cars. In particular it was found that the fire spread can be faster than 12 minutes in the case of the cars parked 40 and 60 cm from each other.
FIRE PERFORMANCE OF COMPOSITE-PANEL SEPARATION WALLS
Authors: Smolka Miroslav , Mózer Vladimír , Tofiło Piotr
Published: January 2016

Composite panel walls with both combustible and non-combustible cores were subjected to fire resistance test to EN 1364-1. The results revealed that the combustible-core panels started emitting smoke on the unexposed side due to the presence of joints between panels. In some cases the smoke emission started early after the start for the fire exposure. The start of the smoke production period appeared to depend on the fixation of the panels to the furnace frame; three or four sides fixed as per EN 1364-1. The amounts of smoke released indicate that although smoke leakage/production criterion is not currently part of the standard fire-resistance testing protocol it should be assessed when construction elements with combustible components are tested. Otherwise such a barrier may not be considered as a smoke-safe separating element, because model FED calculations indicate a potential threat to the occupants on the unexposed side at a certain set of conditions.
Thresholds, musics and liminality: professional Rom musicians and their liminal roles in nuptial rites of Bergama region
Eşikler, müzikler ve liminalite: profesyonel Roman müzisyenler ve Bergama yöresi evlilik ritüellerindeki liminal rolleri
Authors: Kınlı Hasan Devrim , Yükselsin İbrahim Yavuz
Published: January 2016

Three days lasting nuptial rites as examples of rites of passage take on a new significance with the contributions of professional musicians in Bergama’s surrounding country-side like elsewhere in Turkey. These musicians living in Bergama are often ‘Roma’. Leading the profession of musicianship up until today, these local musicians provide basically two different kinds of musical service: to encode certain stages with certain tunes over the course of the ritual and to guide the transition. As a female-centered activity, the core of the marriage ritual is a process of liminality in which the bride enters a new phase in her life by the help of the other women around (aunts, musicians, etc.). Unlike the relationship between the male musicians and the groom, female Rom musicians locally named ‘dümbekçiler’ stand by the bride in almost all stages of this transition and guide her to cross the inner tresholds of the ritual properly. This article aims to contribute to the understanding of the ‘liminal’ roles of the male and female Rom musicians in their company consequently to the bride, the groom and all the other members of communitas during the ritual process.

 

Özet

Geçiş ritüellerinin (rites of passage) üç güne yayılan bir örneği olan evlilik ritüelleri, bugün Türkiye’nin pek çok yerinde olduğu gibi Bergama kırsalında da profesyonel müzisyenlerin katkılarıyla anlam kazanır. Bergama özelinde bu müzisyenler, büyük çoğunlukla bölgede yaşayan ‘Roman’lardır. Müzisyenlik mesleğini geçmişten günümüze profesyonel olarak sürdüren bu yerel müzisyenler, ritüel kapsamında temelde iki farklı müzik hizmeti sunarlar: Ritüel akışı boyunca belirli aşamaları belirli havalarla kodlamak ve geçişe rehberlik etmek. Kadın merkezli bir etkinlik olan evlilik ritüeli özünde gelinin; çevresindeki diğer kadınların (yengeler, müzisyenler vb.) yardımıyla yaşamının yeni bir evresine adım atmaya hazırlandığı bir eşiksellik (liminality) sürecidir. Yörede ‘dümbekçiler’ olarak adlandırılan Roman kadın müzisyenler bu süreçte, erkek müzisyenlerin damatla kurduğu ilişkiden farklı olarak hemen her aşamada gelinin yanında bulunarak ritüel içi eşikleri uygun bir biçimde geçmede ona rehberlik de ederler. Bu makale erkek ve kadın Roman müzisyenlerin ritüel süreci boyunca, başta gelin olmak üzere damada ve diğer tüm komünitas üyelerine eşlik ederken sergiledikleri ‘liminal’ rollerin anlaşılmasına katkı sunmayı amaçlar.
Kompetence vysokoškolských učitelů pro udržitelný rozvoj – analýza situace v regionu střední a východní Evropy
Authors: Dlouhá Jana , Dlouhý Jiří
Published: January 2016

Debates relevant to sustainability oriented teaching at higher education level anticipate the necessary transitions in curricula. In order to depict the overall ESD related transformation of university teaching, the authors examined (pre–requisites for the development of) university educators’ competences in 13 countries of the Central and Eastern Europe, and compared these findings with those from other European countries (similar in some aspects). The situation was analysed in a survey where national policy conditions for ESD at HE level were examined, and competences were outlined within good practice case studies according to the UNECE framework. The results show some deficits in professional development of university educators, where attention to competences is missing in general, and in the field of ESD in particular. In consequence, ESD approaches and principles are applied less frequently in this part of Europe.From a broader point of view it was observed that opportunities for competence development at HE level exist but are unevenly distributed across countries. For support of professional development of university educators in the field of ESD competences, understanding of environmental education versus ESD is an important factor, and also acceptance of an inter– or transdisciplinary perspective. The authors argue that disciplinarianism is a deeply rooted part of academic culture in all post–socialist CEE countries, while for sustainability a transdisciplinary approach and the wider involvement of stakeholders is crucially needed. The context of the presented research is the University Educators for Sustainable Development (UE4SD) project where 53 partners from 33 European countries collaborate to identify the best ways to develop university educators’ competences in sustainability teaching. The outcomes of this project are briefly introduced in the article.
Detection Of Multilayer Cavities By Employing RC-DTH Air Hammer System And Cavity Auto Scanning Laser System
Authors: Luo Yongjiang , Li Lijia , Peng Jianming , Yin Kun , Li Peng , Gan Xin , Zhao Letao , Su Wei
Published: January 2016

The subterranean cavities are seriously threatened to construction and mining safety, and it’s important to obtain the exact localization and dimensions of subterranean cavities for the planning of geotechnical and mining activities. Geophysical investigation is an alternative method for cavity detection, but it usually failed for the uncertainly solution of information and data obtained by Geophysical methods. Drilling is considered as the most accurate method for cavity detection. However, the conventional drilling methods can only be used for single cavity detection, and there is no effective solution for multilayer cavities detection have been reported. In this paper, a reverse circulation (RC) down-the-hole (DTH) air hammer system with a special structured drill bit is built and a cavity auto scanning laser system based on laser range finding technique was employed to confirm the localization and dimensions of the cavities. This RC-DTH air hammer system allows drilling through the upper cavities and putting the cavity auto scanning laser system into the cavity area through the central passage of the drill tools to protect the detection system from collapsing of borehole wall. The RC-DTH air hammer system was built, and field tests were conducted in Lanxian County Iron Ore District, which is located in Lv Liang city of Shan Xi province, the northwest of china. Field tests show that employing the RC-DTH air hammer system assisted by the cavity auto scanning laser system is an efficiency method to detect multilayer cavities.
Electroacoustic Analysis of a Controlled Damping Planar CMOS-MEMS Electrodynamic Microphone
Authors: Tounsi Farès , Mezghani Brahim , Rufer Libor , Masmoudi Mohamed
Published: January 2016

This paper gives a detailed electroacoustic study of a new generation of monolithic CMOS micromachined electrodynamic microphone, made with standard CMOS technology. The monolithic integration of the mechanical sensor with the electronics using a standard CMOS process is respected in the design, which presents the advantage of being inexpensive while having satisfactory performance. The MEMS microphone structure consists mainly of two planar inductors which occupy separate regions on substrate. One inductor is fixed; the other can exercise out-off plane movement. Firstly, we detail the process flow, which is used to fabricate our monolithic microphone. Subsequently, using the analogy between the three different physical domains, a detailed electro-mechanical-acoustic analogical analysis has been performed in order to model both frequency response and sensitivity of the microphone. Finally, we show that the theoretical microphone sensitivity is maximal for a constant vertical position of the diaphragm relative to the substrate, which means the distance between the outer and the inner inductor. The pressure sensitivity, which is found to be of the order of a few tens of μV/Pa, is flat within a bandwidth from 50 Hz to 5 kHz.
Ocena kosztów gospodarki skałą płonną w funkcji zmiennego poziomu współczynnika uzysku węgla netto na przykładzie kopalni węgla kamiennego
Authors: Kopacz Michał
Published: January 2016

Streszczenie

Istotnym aspektem prawidłowo prowadzonego procesu zarządzania w kopalniach jest ocena potencjału złoża, jego optymalnego udostępnienia, zagospodarowania i eksploatacji. W ten zakres zagadnień włączają się niewątpliwie właściwie rozumiane aspekty kosztów urabiania skały płonnej, która towarzyszy procesowi wydobycia kopalin użytecznych.

Analizując dane dotyczące gospodarki skałą płonną w górnictwie węgla kamiennego w Polsce można zauważyć, że od roku 2010 ponad 30,0% całości wydobycia stanowią odpady wydobywcze. Na tle statystyki wydobycia węgla od roku 2003 ujawnia się ponadto rosnący trend w tym zakresie.

W artykule postawiono tezę, iż urabianie i wydobywanie skały płonnej istotnie i negatywnie wpływa na efektywność prowadzonego wydobycia oraz łączny poziom kosztów w kopalniach węgla kamiennego.

Artykuł stanowi próbę weryfikacji i kwantyfikacji realnych kosztów skały płonnej w przygotowanym na potrzeby symulacji modelu ekonomiczno-finansowym przykładowej kopalni węgla kamiennego w całym cyklu życia omawianego projektu.

W celu zweryfikowania postawionych tez badawczych zbudowano dedykowany model oceny, bazujący na metodach dyskontowych, w którym analizowano koszty skały płonnej pochodzącej zarówno z wyrobisk chodnikowych jak i ścian wydobywczych. Na jego podstawie zweryfikowano, oprócz samej oceny efektywności ekonomicznej nowego złoża, wpływ zmiennej ilości (i kosztów) skały płonnej na kluczowe mierniki (wskaźniki) ekonomiczno-finansowe projektu. Wpływ kosztów skały płonnej badano w zakresie współczynnika uzysku węgla netto (WUWN) od 50% do 99%.

Analiza potwierdziła, że dla skrajnie niskich wartości WUWN koszty urabiania skały płonnej mogą sięgać 48,3% całości kosztów operacyjnych w nowo projektowanej kopalni. Przy bazowym poziomie WUWN (74,6%) udział kosztów skały płonnej w całkowitych kosztach operacyjnych wynosi blisko 28,7%.

Dodatnia NPV, dla przyjętych bazowych wartości kluczowych zmiennych decyzyjnych, występuje dopiero przy poziomie WUWN w przedziale 77,0–80,0%. Dopiero przy wartości WUWN rzędu 80,0%, IRR jest wyższa od średniej efektywnej stopy dyskontowej w projekcie (RADR = 12,7% vs IRR = 12,8%).

Istotny wpływ na uzyskane wartości zmiennych zdyskontowanych ma przyjęta stopa RADR.

Przedstawione wyniki pokazują, że urabianie kamienia może być i jest niejednokrotnie bardziej kosztowne niż samego węgla.
The Effect of Aging Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 10Cr20Ni25Mo1.5NbN Austenitic Steel
Authors: Liang Zhiyuan , Sha Wanhua , Zhao Qinxin , Wang Chongbin , Wang Jianyong , Jiang Weiwei
Published: January 2016

The effect of aging heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 10Cr20Ni25Mo1.5NbN austenitic steel was investigated in this article. The microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the microstructure of 10Cr20Ni25Mo1.5NbN austenitic is composed of austenite. This steel was strengthened by precipitates of secondary phases that were mainly M23C6 carbides and NbCrN nitrides. As aging treatment time increased, the tensile strength first rose (0–3,000 h) and then fell (3,000–5,000 h) due to the decrease of high density of dislocations. The impact absorbed energy decreased sharply, causing the sulfides to precipitate at the grain boundary. Therefore, the content of sulfur should be strictly controlled in the steelmaking process.
Language, conflict, and migration: Situating Arabic bilingual community education in the United States
Authors: Zakharia Zeena
Published: January 2016

Focusing on the educational efforts of a diverse ethnolinguistic community, this article considers the rationales, mechanisms, and channels adopted by Arabic-speaking communities in the US to teach and learn the Arabic language. The article draws on research conducted with a number of Arabic speaking populations in New York to situate Arabic language education in the US within the transnational context of conflict and migration. By employing a transnational lens, it provides insights into both the growing interest in the Arabic language, and conversely, the challenges posed to Arabic bilingual community efforts. The findings illustrate the embeddedness of Arabic language efforts in the US within a larger sociopolitical and sociohistorical context of conflict. This context, I argue, has shaped the rationales and means adopted by US Arabic-speaking communities to teach the Arabic language to their American children.
Gyrostat Model Regular And Chaotic Behavior
Authors: Nikolov Svetoslav , Nedkova Nataliya
Published: January 2016

During recent years, the interest in the phenomena of chaos in gyroscopic systems has been increasing. It is well-known, that depending on the speed of rotation, a gyroscopic system may lose or gain stability. Despite the overwhelming number of studies reporting the occurrence of various chaotic structures, little is known yet about the construction details and the generality of the underlying bifurcation scenarios that give rise to such chaotic (complex) behaviour.

In this paper, we report a detailed investigation of the abundance of regular and chaotic behaviour for rigid body (gyrostat) motion. The model contains 6 parameters that may be tuned to produce rich dynamical scenarios. The results confirm that homoclinic and heteroclinic structures with two fixed points from saddle-focus type occur and the emergence of Shilnikov chaos takes place. Finally, we find new results concerning the system’s evolution and bifurcation scenarios for its routes to chaos.
The Development and Design of Engineering Economic Indicator System for Nanotechnology Industry Product Manufacturing: A Case Study of Latvia / Inženierekonomisko Rādītāju Sistēmas Attīstība Un Izveide Nanotehnoloģiju Industrijas Produktu Ražošanai: Latvijas Pieredze
Authors: Geipele I. , Staube T. , Ciemleja G. , Geipele S. , Zeltins N. , Ekmanis J.
Published: January 2016

The current scientific paper is developed to continue the research on further commercialisation of the nanotechnology products of manufacturing industries in Latvia. To create the system of engineering economic indicators for multifunctional nanocoating technologies, the scientific indicators and their theoretical justification have been used, the issues from the experts’ analysis and survey of the Latvian companies operating in the nanotechnology industry have been summarised.
Some fractional integral formulas for the Mittag-Leffler type function with four parameters
Authors: Agarwal Praveen , Nieto Juan J.
Published: January 2016

In this paper we present some results from the theory of fractional integration operators (of Marichev- Saigo-Maeda type) involving the Mittag-Leffler type function with four parameters ζ , γ, Eμ, ν[z] which has been recently introduced by Garg et al. Some interesting special cases are given to fractional integration operators involving some Special functions.
Hom-structures on semi-simple Lie algebras
Authors: Xie Wenjuan , Jin Quanqin , Liu Wende
Published: January 2016

A Hom-structure on a Lie algebra (g,[,]) is a linear map σ W g σ g which satisfies the Hom-Jacobi identity: [σ(x), [y,z]] + [σ(y), [z,x]] + [σ(z),[x,y]] = 0 for all x; y; z ∈ g. A Hom-structure is referred to as multiplicative if it is also a Lie algebra homomorphism. This paper aims to determine explicitly all the Homstructures on the finite-dimensional semi-simple Lie algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. As a Hom-structure on a Lie algebra is not necessarily a Lie algebra homomorphism, the method developed for multiplicative Hom-structures by Jin and Li in [J. Algebra 319 (2008): 1398–1408] does not work again in our case. The critical technique used in this paper, which is completely different from that in [J. Algebra 319 (2008): 1398– 1408], is that we characterize the Hom-structures on a semi-simple Lie algebra g by introducing certain reduction methods and using the software GAP. The results not only improve the earlier ones in [J. Algebra 319 (2008): 1398– 1408], but also correct an error in the conclusion for the 3-dimensional simple Lie algebra sl2. In particular, we find an interesting fact that all the Hom-structures on sl2 constitute a 6-dimensional Jordan algebra in the usual way.
Fractional derivative generalization
of Noether’s theorem
Authors: Khorshidi Maryam , Nadjafikhah Mehdi , Jafari Hossein
Published: January 2016

The symmetry of the Bagley–Torvik equation is investigated by using the Lie group analysis method. The
Bagley–Torvik equation in the sense of the Riemann–Liouville derivatives is considered. Then we prove a Noetherlike
theorem for fractional Lagrangian densities with the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative and few examples
are presented as an application of the theory.
A Suite of Skeleton Models for the MJO with Refined Vertical Structure
Authors: Thual Sulian , Majda Andrew J.
Published: January 2016

The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is the dominant mode of variability in the tropical atmosphere on intraseasonal timescales and planetary spatial scales. The skeleton model is a minimal dynamical model that recovers robustly the most fundamental MJO features of (I) a slow eastward speed of roughly 5 ms−1, (II) a peculiar dispersion relation with dw/dk ≈ 0, and (III) a horizontal quadrupole vortex structure. This model depicts the MJO as a neutrally-stable atmosphericwave that involves a simple multiscale interaction between planetary dry dynamics, planetary lower-tropospheric moisture and the planetary envelope of synoptic-scale activity.

Here we propose and analyze a suite of skeleton models that qualitatively reproduce the refined vertical structure of the MJO in nature. This vertical structure consists of a planetary envelope of convective activity transitioning from the congestus to the deep to the stratiform type, in addition to a front-to-rear (i.e. tilted) structure of heating, moisture, winds and temperature. A first example of skeleton model achieving this goal has been considered recently in work by the authors. The construction of such a model satisfies an energy conservation principle, such that its solutions at the intraseasonal-planetary scale remain neutrally stable. Here, additional classes of skeleton models are constructed based on the same principle. In particular, those new models are more realistic then the former one as they consider fully coupled interactions between the planetary dry dynamics of the first and second baroclinic mode and the details of the vertical structure of moisture and convective activity. All models reproduce qualitatively the refined vertical structure of the MJO. In addition,when considered with a simple stochastic parametrization for the unresolved details of synopticscale activity, all models show intermittent initiation, propagation and shut down of MJO wave trains, as in previous studies.
Numerical simulations of the humid atmosphere above a mountain
Authors: Bousquet Arthur , Chekroun Mickaël D. , Hong Youngjoon , Temam Roger M. , Tribbia Joseph
Published: January 2016

New avenues are explored for the numerical study of the two dimensional inviscid hydrostatic primitive equations of the atmosphere with humidity and saturation, in presence of topography and subject to physically plausible boundary conditions for the system of equations. Flows above a mountain are classically treated by the so-called method of terrain following coordinate system. We avoid this discretization method which induces errors in the discretization of tangential derivatives near the topography. Instead we implement a first order finite volume method for the spatial discretization using the initial coordinates x and p. A compatibility condition similar to that related to the condition of incompressibility for the Navier- Stokes equations, is introduced. In that respect, a version of the projection method is considered to enforce the compatibility condition on the horizontal velocity field, which comes from the boundary conditions. For the spatial discretization, a modified Godunov type method that exploits the discrete finite-volume derivatives by using the so-called Taylor Series Expansion Scheme (TSES), is then designed to solve the equations. We report on numerical experiments using realistic parameters. Finally, the effects of a random small-scale forcing on the velocity equation is numerically investigated.
Comparative Geometrical and Experimental Study on a New Sandwich Meta-Structure and its Classic Three-Layer Counterpart
Authors: Karczmarzyk Stanisław
Published: January 2016

The aim of this paper is to compare some geometric parameters and deflections of a sandwich meta-structure with its classic, three-layer counterpart. Both structures are composed of the same materials and have the same external dimensions and mass, but their middle layers (cores) are different. The core of the sandwich meta-structure is a new spatial structure itself, consisting of there-layer bars. The core of the classic sandwich structure is a layer of the continuum. To make the comparison more general and convincing, three geometrical parameters, i.e., ratio of interfacial contact (Ric), interlayer bonding factor (Ibf) and coefficient of impact sensitivity (Cis), were introduced and applied. Deflections of the structures, simply supported at the edges and loaded in the mid-span by a static force, have been measured and are presented in the paper. Potential advantages of the new meta-structure are briefly outlined.
Numerical Analysis of Fluid Motion Inside Partially Filled Container Which is Moving in Unsteady Way
Authors: Sowińska Magdalena , Piechna Janusz
Published: January 2016

The paper describes the behavior of the liquid in a container that moves with a constant speed along a track consisting of three arcs. Such a complicated track shape generates complex form of inertia forces acting on the liquid and generates the sloshing effect. The behavior of the tank container vehicle is affected by the time-dependent inertia forces associated with the transient sloshing motion of the liquid in the non-inertial frame. These internal excitations, acting on a tank construction, can cause a loss of stability of the vehicle. For that reason, the authors analyze the dynamic loads acting on the walls of the tank truck container. The variation of the position of the liquid cargo gravity center, that depends on the filling level of the container, is also analyzed.

The simulations were performed according to the varying fill level, which was 20%, 50% and 80% of a liquid in the whole tank volume. The simulations were carried out for a one-compartment container. Another aim of this study was the investigation of the influence of container division (tank with one, two and three compartments) on behavior of the liquid. These simulations considered only the half-filled container which was treated as a dangerous configuration prohibited by the law regulations for one-compartment tank. The results of simulation are presented in the form of visualization of temporary liquid free surface shape, variation of forces and moments, as well as frequency analysis. The results of simulation were analyzed, and some general conclusion were derived, providing the material for future investigation and modifications of the law regulations.
Three-Axis Attitude Estimation Of Satellite Through Only Two-Axis Magnetometer Observations Using LKF Algorithm
Authors: Mehrjardi Mohamad Fakhari , Sanusi Hilmi , Mohd. Ali Mohd. Alauddin
Published: January 2016

Estimation of satellite three-axis attitude using only one sensor data presents an interesting estimation problem. A flexible and mathematically effective filter for solving the satellite three-axis attitude estimation problem using two-axis magnetometer would be a challenging option for space missions which are suffering from other attitude sensors failure. Mostly, magnetometers are employed with other attitude sensors to resolve attitude estimation. However, by designing a computationally efficient discrete Kalman filter, full attitude estimation can profit by only two-axis magnetometer observations. The method suggested solves the problem of satellite attitude estimation using linear Kalman filter (LKF). Firstly, all models are generated and then the designed scenario is developed and evaluated with simulation results. The filter can achieve 10e-3 degree attitude accuracy or better on all three axes.
Metrological Analysis Of Microsoft Kinect In The Context Of Object Localization
Authors: Skalski Andrzej , Machura Bartosz
Published: January 2016

This paper presents a comprehensive metrological analysis of the Microsoft Kinect motion sensor performed using a proprietary flat marker. The designed marker was used to estimate its position in the external coordinate system associated with the sensor. The study includes calibration of the RGB and IR cameras, parameter identification and image registration. The metrological analysis is based on the data corrected for sensor optical distortions. From the metrological point of view, localization errors are related to the distance of an object from the sensor. Therefore, the rotation angles were determined and an accuracy assessment of the depth maps was performed. The analysis was carried out for the distances from the marker in the range of 0.8−1.65 m. The maximum average error was equal to 23 mm for the distance of 1.6 m.
Noise Measurements Of Resistors With The Use Of Dual-Phase Virtual Lock-In Technique
Authors: Stadler Adam Witold , Kolek Andrzej , Zawiślak Zbigniew , Dziedzic Andrzej
Published: January 2016

Measurement of low-frequency noise properties of modern electronic components is a very demanding challenge due to the low magnitude of a noise signal and the limit of a dissipated power. In such a case, an ac technique with a lock-in amplifier or the use of a low-noise transformer as the first stage in the signal path are common approaches. A software dual-phase virtual lock-in (VLI) technique has been developed and tested in low-frequency noise studies of electronic components. VLI means that phase-sensitive detection is processed by a software layer rather than by an expensive hardware lock-in amplifier. The VLI method has been tested in exploration of noise in polymer thick-film resistors. Analysis of the obtained noise spectra of voltage fluctuations confirmed that the 1/f noise caused by resistance fluctuations is the dominant one. The calculated value of the parameter describing the noise intensity of a resistive material, C = 1·10−21 m3, is consistent with that obtained with the use of a dc method. On the other hand, it has been observed that the spectra of (excitation independent) resistance noise contain a 1/f component whose intensity depends on the excitation frequency. The phenomenon has been explained by means of noise suppression by impedances of the measurement circuit, giving an excellent agreement with the experimental data.
Phage Endolysin: A Way To Understand A Binding Function Of C-Terminal Domains A Mini Review
Authors: Jarábková Veronika , Tišáková Lenka , Godány Andrej
Published: January 2016

Endolysins are bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolases, which are synthesized in the end of phage reproduction cycle, in an infected host cell. Usually, for endolysins from phages that infect Gram-positive bacteria, a modular structure is typical. Therefore, these are composed of at least two separate functional domains: an N-terminal catalytic domain (EAD) and a C-terminal cell wall binding domain (CBD). Specific ligand recognition of CBDs and following peptidoglycan (PG) binding mostly allows a rapid lytic activity of an EAD. Here we briefly characterize phage endolysin CBDs in conjuction with their domain architecture, (non)necessity for the following lytic activity and a high/low specificity of their ligands as well. Such an overall assessment of CBDs may help to find new ways to widen opportunities in their protein design to create ‛designer recombinant endolysins’ with diverse applications.
Bacterial Reduction Of Barium Sulphate By Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria
Authors: Luptáková Alena , Kotuličová Ingrida , Bálintová Magdaléna , Demčák Štefan
Published: January 2016

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a worldwide problem leading to contamination of water sources. AMD are characterized by low pH and high content of heavy metals and sulphates. The barium salts application presents one of the methods for the sulphates removing from AMD. Barium chloride, barium hydroxide and barium sulphide are used for the sulphates precipitation in the form of barium sulphate. Because of high investment costs of barium salts, barium sulphide is recycled from barium sulphate precipitates. It can be recycled by thermic or bacterial reduction of barium sulphate. The aim of our study was to verify experimentally the possibility of the bacterial transformation of BaSO4to BaS by sulphate-reducing bacteria. Applied BaSO4came from experiments of sulphates removal from Smolnik AMD using BaCl2.
Effect Of Metal Ions On Triphenylmethane Dye Decolorization By Laccase From Trametes Versicolor
Authors: Chmelová Daniela , Ondrejovič Miroslav
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was investigate the influence of different metal ions on laccase activity and triphenylmethane dye decolorization by laccase from white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Laccase activity was inhibited by monovalent ions (Li+, Na+, K+ and Ag+) but the presence of divalent ions increased laccase activity at the concentration of 10 mmol/l. The effect of metal ions on decolorization of triphenylmethane dyes with different structures namely Bromochlorophenol Blue, Bromophenol Blue, Bromocresol Blue and Phenol Red was tested. The presence of metal ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Zn2+) slightly decreased triphenylmethane dye decolorization by laccase from T. versicolor except Na+ and Mg2+, which caused the increase of decolorization for all tested dyes. Decolorization of selected dyes showed that the presence of low-molecular-weight compounds is necessary for effective decolorization. Hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) is the most frequently used. Although HBT belongs to most frequently used redox mediator and generally increase decolorization efficiency, so its presence decreased decolorization percentage of Bromophenol Blue and Bromochlorophenol Blue, the influence of metal ions to dye decolorization by laccase has the similar course with or without presence of redox mediator HBT.
After the Performance
Authors: Valtysson Bjarki
Published: January 2016

In May 2010, the Best Party won the municipal elections in Reykjavik, and the party’s leading figure, comedian Jón Gnarr, was appointed Mayor of Reykjavik. During the election campaign, the party ‘performed democracy’ by playing with irrational, satirical discourses that challenged traditional discourses within political public spheres. Soon after his inauguration, Gnarr began a Facebook page called ‘The Mayor’s Diary’ on which he wrote openly about the challenges faced by a newcomer to politics. Approximately 10% of the Icelandic population follows his profile. This article presents an analysis of the communication conducted on the Mayor’s Diary, particularly of how Facebook as a media environment conditions the Mayor’s performative manoeuvres and, correspondingly, how the subversive discourses galvanised in the election campaign can begin ricocheting back when discussions move from cultural public spheres to political public spheres.
”… if there's a party, then there's definitely alcohol”. Construction of partying practices and abstinence in Estonian youth forums
Authors: Parder Mari-Liisa , Vihalemm Triin
Published: January 2016

Aims

Adolescents' abstinence from alcohol has not been much researched in terms of providing suggestions for prevention strategies. This study aims to fill that gap by offering a practice theory-inspired analysis of how the unwritten rules of partying practices are communicated between posters of Estonian youth forums.

Data

–These forums are novel objects of analysis in research on teenagers' alcohol use, and the article shares some topical experiences.

Results

The findings of the analysis show that non-drinking at teenagers' alcohol-related social gatherings is generally communicated as a non-tolerated individual performance that is seen to erode the whole collective partying practice. Young people therefore suggest in forums various mimicry strategies to justify non-drinking.

Conclusions

The article casts doubts about the efficiency of risk awareness raising and teaching individual skills in this context because they provide little help for those youngsters who have already been recruited into partying practices and who need peer legitimation to leave these practices. The authors pose suggestions for gradually making the current alcohol-related partying practices more tolerant of non-drinkers, thus opening “sub-culturally supported roads” to personal autonomy.
Changes in Minors' Gambling on Slot Machines in Finland after the Raising of the Minimum Legal Gambling Age from 15 to 18 Years: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Raisamo Susanna , Warpenius Katariina , Rimpelä Arja
Published: January 2016

Aim

The legal gambling age in Finland was raised from 15 to 18 years in 2010, but slot machines were given a transition period that ended with the full law coming into effect on 1 July 2011. The widespread accessibility of slot machines and their popularity among youth led us to consider how age limit was enforced in the Finnish gambling monopoly system and to analyse how underage gambling on slot machines changed after the raising of the minimum age.

Methods

Two nationwide cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2011 and 2013 (12–18-year-olds; N=8101; average response rate 42%). The main measure was self-reported six-month prevalence of slot machine use overall and by venue (shops; kiosks; petrol stations; restaurants/cafés; ship travels to Sweden/Estonia; other). Changes from 2011 to 2013 were tested by using the χ2 tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses. As a reference group only, 18-year-olds were analysed, as they were of legal age to gamble.

Results

The six-month prevalence of slot machine use among 12–16-year-olds declined from 44% in 2011 to 13% in 2013 (p <.001). The decline was the most pronounced in shops. A significant interaction was found between age and survey year; slot machine use declined more sharply among 16-year-olds than among those aged 14 or 12.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that raising the legal age limit from 15 to 18 years significantly decreased the prevalence of slot machine use among minors, even in a policy context where the general availability of gambling products was not reduced.
Disorders of cognitive and emotional development in children of mothers with substance abuse and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Ranta Jussi , Raitasalo Kirsimarja
Published: January 2016

Aims

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the mother's substance abuse, psychiatric problems and socioeconomic situation are related to 1) disorders of psychological development, 2) behavioural and emotional disorders, and 3) mood disorders and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders in children aged 0–12 years.

Data & Methods

The research is based on data on all children born in Finland in 1997 who have not died before their first birthday (n=58 761). These children were followed until their 12th birthday. Information from national registers covering health and social care, education, relationship status, age and receipt of income support were analysed using cross-tabulation with χ2-tests and logistic regression analysis.

Results

Based on the register data of children, 1.4% (n = 798) had a mother with substance abuse problems only, 3.2% (n = 1854) had a mother with psychiatric disorders only, and 1.1% (n = 652) had a mother with both substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. Among children with mothers with substance abuse, psychiatric disorders or both, the risks of all categories of psychiatric diseases studied were significantly higher than in the comparison group. It was a bigger risk for the child to have a mother with both substance abuse and psychiatric disorders than either of these alone.

Conclusion

The mother's substance abuse and her other psychiatric disorders are significant risk factors for her children's psychiatric development, even when the socioeconomic factors are taken into account. Children of mothers with both substance abuse and psychiatric disorders are at a particularly high risk.