bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating structural, thermal and optical properties of lead oxide nano-particles synthesized by sol-gel combustion method
Authors: Mirza Shahid , Chishtia Mayur Ali , Sangawar Vijaya , Parale Prashant
Published: August 2022

Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have piqued the interest of material scientists in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties which are dependent on their size, shape, and chemical surroundings. The sol gel combustion is one of the most straightforward and practical technique for getting tiny and similar size and shape of the powder out of all the current lead oxide nanoparticle synthesis techniques. In this study, PbO nanoparticles are prepared using the sol-gel method followed by an auto combustion process. This research is aimed at the particle size, shape, thermal analysis, and optical properties of nanostructured PbO. Several microscopic, spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric analysis are employed for the structural characterization of lead oxide nanoparticles. Tiny lead oxide particles with a diameter of 60 nanometres have been prepared. The prepares sample's optical band gap was discovered to be 2.44 electronvolt. Thermal investigations indicate the thermal behaviour and stability of synthesized lead oxide powder and are described in details.
The effect of lumbar spine manipulation on biomechanical factors and perceived transient pain during prolonged sitting: A laboratory-controlled cross-sectional study
Authors: De Carvalho Diana E , Callaghan Jack
Published: August 2022

Background: Spine manipulation has been shown to affect muscle activity, posture, and pain. To date, no studies have examined the effect of manipulation on biomechanical factors during sitting. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of lumbar spine manipulation on trunk muscle activation, spine posture and movements, and perceived ratings of transient pain in asymptomatic adults during prolonged office sitting.Methods: Twenty healthy adults were recruited for a single laboratory session that included a standardized office sitting/data entry protocol (120 minutes total, 3 blocks of 40 minutes). Data were collected between July and August 2012. The first block (baseline) was immediately followed by two experimental blocks. Prior to the start of each experimental block, participants were transferred to a therapy plinth and placed side lying (right side down), and a random presentation of either a control or high velocity low amplitude thrust directed at L4/L5 was delivered. Continuous measures of muscle activity, spine posture, and spine movements were recorded throughout the sitting trials. Perceived transient pain was measured by visual analogue scale at 7.5-minute intervals (including immediately before and after the randomized maneuvers).Results: There were no significant differences in spine or pelvic posture or perceived back pain following either the manipulation or control maneuvers. Significantly reduced muscle activity and increased shifts of the lumbar spine angle were identified in the block following manipulation compared to both baseline and post control blocks. Conclusions: Spine manipulation does not appear to have an immediate impact on spine or pelvic posture but does appear to reduce muscle activity and increase spine movement during sitting. Neither manipulation nor the control maneuver provided significant reductions in perceived transient pain. Future work should replicate this study with a larger population in a field study. It may be worthwhile to explore the implication of reduced muscle activation and increased spine movements during prolonged sitting for office workers that receive manipulations or mobilizations during their workday.
Alginate Fiber Grafted Polyetheramine Driven High Ion Conductive and Flame-Retardant Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Yanru , Fang Timing , Wang Siyu , Wang Chao , Li Daohao , Xia Yanzhi
Published: August 2022

Traditional poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) often suffer from inherent poor flame retardancy and unsatisfied ionic conductivity at room temperature, which seriously affect the safety and energy storage performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Inspired by the mechanism of Li+conductive in SPEs, an alginate fiber grafted polyetheramine (AF-PEA) membrane, capable of efficient Li+transport and excellent flame retardancy is dedicatedly designed and synthesized as the backbone of SPEs for solid-state LMBs. Based on the intrinsic flame retardancy of the alginate fiber, the PEO casted AF-PEA (PEO@AF-PEA) shows self-extinguishing ability, and its Li+transport ability is enhanced by grafting the ion conductive PEA chain segment. The LiFePO4/Li battery assembled using PEO@AF-PEA SPEs exhibits high safety and excellent cycling performance (exceeds 100 mAh g− 1after 1500 cycles at 2 C current density and 80°C with less than 0.016% capacity decay of peer cycle). By simulating the transport and distribution of Li+in the AF-PEA, the PEA with moderate chain lengths can uniformly fill the Li+transport space between the alginate backbone to promote the Li+adsorption and the utilization of Li+anchoring points in PEA side chains, increasing the Li+transport rate and migration capacity.
Evaluation of cotton establishment methods and zinc nutritionon productivity,zinc uptake, zinc use efficiency and fibre quality of Btcotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Upper Gangetic Plain of India
Authors: Paul Tarun , Mondal Prithusayak , Basak Pradip , Rana D. S.
Published: August 2022

A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014 to evaluate the performance of cotton establishment methods and zinc nutrition on zinc use efficiency, productivity and quality of Bt cotton. The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprising two cotton establishment methods (direct sowing and transplanting) and five zinc-levels (control, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 kg zinc ha-1and 0.5% zinc sulphate foliar spray at 60 and 90 days after planting) on cotton. The cotton variety (SP 7007, BG II) was taken under study. Statistically similar seed cotton, lint, seed, stalk and biological yield were recorded under methods of crop establishment. Zinc levels significantly influenced seed cotton, lint, seed, stalk, biological yields and ginning percentage in both the years and application of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Znha-1being at par recorded significantly higher seed cotton, lint, seed, stalk and biological yield over 2.5 kg Znha-1and control. Foliar application of 0.5 % zinc recorded seed cotton, lint, seed, stalk and biological yields on par with 2.5 kg Znha-1and significantly inferior to 5.0 and 7.5 kg Znha-1. On an average, application of 5.0 kg Znha-1recorded 9.2, 14.5, 8.3, 7.6 and 7.1 % increase in seed cotton, lint, seed, stalk and biological yields over control. Cotton establishment methods recorded non-significant in quality parameters, however, by and large improvement in all the quality parameters was observed with increasing level of zinc and highest value of ginning percentage, uniformity ratio, 2.5 % span length, 50 % span length and fibre elongation were recorded with 7.5 kg Znha-1, whereas in case of fibre strength, the highest value was recorded with 5.0 kg Znha-1. Transplanted plots recorded slightly higher zinc content than direct sown plots. The higher content of zinc in cotton seed and fibre was recorded due to effect of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Znha-1, both being at par across the seasons. Transplanted plots recorded slightly higher zinc uptake than direct sown plots. The higher uptake of zinc in cotton seed, fibre and total zinc uptake was recorded due to effect of 5.0 and 7.5 kg Zn ha-1in both the seasons, which was significantly superior to foliar application, 2.5 kg Znha-1and control. Effect of methods of crop establishment was non-significant on agronomic zinc use efficiency, zinc recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency and zinc harvest index. Increase in level of zinc and foliar spray decreased the agronomic zinc use efficiency.
Genetic polymorphisms of purinergic P2Y2 receptor were associated with the susceptibility to essential hypertension in Chinese postmenopausal women
Authors: Li Ao , Xiong Chaopeng , Gong Chengxin , Gou Mengyang , Wang Yaqun , Yang Yuping , Xu Hong
Published: August 2022

Hypertension has become a prominent public health concern. Essential hypertension (EH) is a polygenic disorder caused by multiple susceptibility genes. It has been previously shown that the purinergic P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) regulates blood pressure; however, whether P2Y2R genetic polymorphisms correlate with EH has not been investigated in Chinese. Our study included 500 EH cases and 504 controls who are Chinese postmenopausal women. We used allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASPCR) to genotype five single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in P2Y2R gene, i.e., rs4944831, rs12366239, rs1783596, rs4382936 and rs10898909. We assessed the association of P2Y2R genetic polymorphisms with EH susceptibility. The results demonstrated that P2Y2R rs4382936A was correlated with a high risk of EH; particularly, the participants with the rs4382936A allele and CA/AA/(CA + AA) genotypes were at higher risks to EH compared to the subjects with the rs4382936C allele and CC genotype. Moreover, four P2Y2R haplotypes combined by rs1783596-rs4382936-rs10898909, i.e., CAA, CAG, TAA and TAG, were susceptible haplotypes for EH, whereas haplotype CCG was a protective haplotype for EH. These results may provide new evidence for applying P2Y2R genetic polymorphisms as useful markers in clinic screening or monitoring potential EH cases in a population of Chinese postmenopausal women.
Hydrochemical characteristics and a health risk assessment groundwater area of Warri and its adjoining environs, in Delta State Nigeria
Authors: Eyankware M. O. , Akakuru O. C. , Umayah S. O. , Ukor K. P.
Published: August 2022

In Warri, Delta State, Nigeria, 17 groundwater samples were collected and examined using the American Public Health Association (APHA) method. to evaluate the hydrochemical characteristics and health risks connected with using them as drinking water. For the assessment of the impact of heavy metal contamination in groundwater resources within the region, statistical index analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation, heavy metal index such as Contamination Index (CI), Contamination Factor (Cf), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Quantification of Contamination (QoC), Potential Ecological Risk Index (ERI), and Pollution Index of Groundwater (PIG) were successfully applied. Additional findings from Pearson correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) suggested that there is an interaction within the groundwater aquifer system and that there are weak to moderate relationships between parameters. PCA also suggests that loadings within the groundwater system may have resulted from anthropogenic activities in the area that are affecting the water chemistry. Results from hydrogeochemical facies showed that in the cation area, Na+K > Mg > Ca > Cl > SO4 > HCO3 with a tendency of 35.3 percent SO4 > 5.9 percent HCO3 > 41.2 percent Cl > 17.6 percent no dominant ionic specie. Findings from heavy metals indexes like Cf and PLI suggested that there is no connection between them and the groundwater that is readily available. Additional MPI results showed that the research area's groundwater is regarded as clean, whereas QoC and ERI findings showed that geological processes promote the transport of heavy metals, the possible ecological danger associated with groundwater. The HI for all indicators was higher in children than in adults, according to health risk data. This increasing HI in the studied area may be primarily due to anthropogenic sources. According to the findings, ongoing groundwater assessment is necessary to warn against a decline in groundwater quality in the research region.
Porous and three-dimensional carbon aerogels from nanocellulose/pristine graphene for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Yang Junwei , Song Yiheng , Yang Quanling , Xiong Chuanxi , Shi Zhuqun
Published: August 2022

Bio-based materials with good electrical properties produced by environmentally friendly methods have been increasingly applied in battery and supercapacitor technologies. In this work, we used 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) and pristine graphene (PG) as precursors to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) carbon aerogels with outstanding conductivity via freeze-drying followed by carbonization. The specific capacitance of the carbonized TOCN/PG (CTG) aerogels reached 134.09 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g. Meanwhile, a better cycling stability was achieved and the capacitance retained 98.89% after 5000 cycles. As the temperature increased to 1100°C, the electrochemical performance of the CTOCN-1100 electrode was improved significantly with a specific capacitance of 361.74 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, and the capacitance still retained as high as 99.3% after 5000 cycles. Therefore, these bio-based cellulose nanofibrils are promising in the field of supercapacitors.
Flame-Retardancy Finishing of Cotton Fabric by Surface-Initiated Photochemically Induced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Zain Gamal , Jordanov Igor , Bischof Sandra , Magovac Eva , Šišková Alena Opálková , Vykydalová Anna , Kleinová Angela , Mičušík Matej , Mosnáčkova Katarína , Doháňošová Jana , Mosnáček Jaroslav
Published: August 2022

Phosphorus-containing polymers are very promising because of the versatility of their applications. Polyphosphates and polyphosphonates are well-known for their excellent fire-retardant properties. In this work, a cotton fabric was grafted by oxygen-tolerant photochemically induced atom transfer radical polymerization (photoATRP) of dimethyl(methacryloyloxymethyl) phosphonate (MAPC1) in order to prepare flame resistant fabric. The photoATRP of MAPC1 was first optimized in solution and subsequently used for surface-initiated polymerization from of cotton fabric pre-functionalized by ATRP initiator in order to achieve PMAPC1 brushes onto the surface. The modified cotton fabrics were characterized by attenuated total reflection–Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to prove successful grafting. Minimal effect of grafting on mechanical properties of the cotton fabric was confirmed by tensile tests. The thermal properties and flammability of the modified fabric were tested by thermogravimetric analysis, horizontal and vertical flame tests. Limiting oxygen index and microscale cone calorimeter were performed as well. The results show that modified fabric has a high flame resistance making it a good candidate for flame-retardant application. Washing tests confirmed that the grafted layer on the fabric has good durability from the point of view of retention of high flame resistance.
Olea Europaea L. leaf extract attenuates histological alterations and oxidative stress in the rat heart induced by combined exposure to noise and toluene.
Authors: ATTIA Takoua BEN , ALI Ridha BEN , NAHDI Afef , GALAI Said , GHALI Ridha , RAMMEH Soumaya , MAY Michèle véronique EL , MHAMDI Abada
Published: August 2022

Toluene is a solvent widely produced and used by the industrial sector. Noise is a nuisance present in many professional sectors. We aimed to investigate in the present study the impact of exposure to toluene (300 ppm) and/or noise 85 dB(A) on rat heart and to assess the preventive effect of olive leaf extract OLE (40 mg/Kg/day) administrated for six weeks (5 days/week). Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (n = 6/group): C: control group, C+OLE: control group received OLE, N: group exposed to noise, N+OLE: group exposed to noise and received OLE, T: group exposed to toluene, T+OLE: group exposed to toluene and received OLE, NT: group co-exposed to noise and toluene, NT+OLE: group co-exposed to noise and toluene received. At the end of the experimental period, heart and blood samples were collected. Plasma cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined. Histopathological investigation was determined by HE staining. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in heart tissue were also measured. Our results showed that Simultaneous exposure to noise and toluene altered CHOL, TG, LDH and CK levels. In parallel, an increase in lipid peroxidation levels and Superoxide dismutase activity with a decrease in catalase activity in the heart were shown. A significant alteration in the myocardium was also recorded. OLE treatment modulated theses oxidative and histological changes. In conclusion, OLE was found to correct the deleterious effects induced by combined exposure to noise and toluene.
Risk factors of mediastinal lymph node metastasis and lung metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients: Who benefits from preoperative computed tomography?
Authors: Omi Yoko , Yanagida Juro , Yoshida Yusaku , Horiuchi Kiyomi , Okamoto Takahiro
Published: August 2022

Purpose: In papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients with mediastinal lesion and lung metastases, adding preoperative computed tomography (CT) to ultrasound aids in determining surgical procedures. We identified the risk factors (RFs) of mediastinal lymph node metastasis (MLNM) and lung metastasis in PTC patients who benefit from CT. Methods: The frequency of MLNM and lung metastasis was compared using data from 478 patients. Relative risk (RR) was calculated according to RFs. Results: MLNM or lung metastasis was detected in 1.2% and 3.3%. cT3-4, cN1, central LN metastasis, and lateral LN metastasis were RFs of MLNM in all patients (p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.01) and those ≥55 years old (older patients) (p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05). cT3-4, cN1, gross extrathyroidal extension, central LN metastasis, and lateral LN metastasis were RFs of lung metastasis in all patients (p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01). cN1 and gross extrathyroidal extension, central LN metastasis, and lateral LN metastasis in older patients (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01) and lateral LN metastasis in those <55 years old (younger patients) (p<0.05) were RFs of lung metastasis. The RRs of patients with cT3-4 and cN1 were 16.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.9-97.5) in all patients and 28.7 (95% CI: 3.1-261.4) in older patients for MLNM and 4.4 (95% CI: 1.5-13.3) in all patients, 2.55 (95% CI: 0.3-20.6) in younger patients, and 5.6 (95% CI: 1.5-21.5) in older patients for lung metastasis. Conclusion: PTC patients with cT3-4 and cN1 have a risk of MLNM and lung metastasis. RFs differed between older and younger patients.
Changes in biological soil health properties in response to increased crop diversity in a dryland wheat-based cropping system
Authors: Eberly Jed O. , Hammontree Jenni W. , Fordyce Simon I , Jones Clain A. , Carr Patrick M.
Published: August 2022

Diversifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-based cropping systems can be an effective management tool to break weed and disease cycles. While extensive research has focused on the agronomic benefits of increased crop diversity in semi-arid environments, less is known about the impacts of increased crop diversity on microbial community structure and processes such as nitrogen (N) cycling. This work compared a continuous wheat crop sequence to a diverse sequence that included pea (Pisum sativum L.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius, L.), and spring wheat. Soil inorganic N (NO3-N and NH4-N), soil respiration, microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and microbial community alpha diversity, a measure of the number of taxa within a treatment, were determined. Soil respiration was higher (p < 0.005) in the diverse sequence while activity of N-acyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, an enzymatic indicator of C and N mineralization, was lower (p < 0.05) with a mean rate of 26.3 mg ρ-nitrophenol kg− 1 soil h− 1 and 16.3 mg ρ-nitrophenol kg− 1 soil h− 1 for the continuous wheat and diverse sequences, respectively. Soil respiration was weakly correlated to soil water content (R2 = 0.21) and temperature (R2 = 0.29) in the diverse rotation, while only weakly correlated to soil water content (R2 = 0.05) in the continuous wheat system (p < 0.001). The mean net N mineralized under a wheat crop during the growing season was 33.2 ± 2.5 kg ha− 1 and was not different between treatments (p > 0.05). Microbial community analysis showed no difference in bacterial alpha diversity, while fungal community diversity was 52% lower in the diverse rotation. The results of this work suggest that specific crops in a rotation may impact microbial processes related to N mineralization and that the soil fungal community may be more sensitive to changes in crop sequence than the soil bacterial community.
A prediction model for cement specific surface area based on Dual Temporal Extraction Network
Authors: Sun Chao , Guo Haoran , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Yuan , Zhao Haichao , Hao Xiaochen
Published: August 2022

The accuracy of the predicted value of specific surface area plays a significant guiding function in the production and scheduling of cement, as it is a major index impacting the quality of cement. However, due to data characteristics in the cement grinding process, such as time delay, strong coupling and nonlinearity, and the traditional prediction model being a static small sample feature acquisition method based on time correlation, problems such as poor data feature representation and low accuracy exist. In order to achieve an accurate prediction of cement specific surface area, we propose a deep learning prediction model based on Dual Temporal Extraction Network (DTENet). This network is divided into two parts: encoder and decoder. The network uses a dual temporal feature extraction mechanism in the encoder part. Different from the LSTM network which only focuses on the correlation information of a single time step, we realize the mechanism of temporal feature extraction in the short term and long term respectively by constructing a two-stage sliding window to send the data into different temporal feature extraction networks. This network can greatly improve the prediction accuracy for cement specific surface area data with large time lag, redundancy and variable working conditions. In the decoder part, we use the channel attention approach to enhance the spatial information extraction capability of the model. The result of the experiments shows that our model has superior accuracy in cement specific surface area prediction when compared to LSTM, XGBoost and ARIMA models.
Abdominal obesity, rather than overall obesity, is a causal risk factor for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Prokopenko Inga , Maina Jared , Pascat Vincent , Zudina Liudmila , Ulrich Anna , Pupko Igor , Balkhiyarova Zhanna , Kaakinen Marika , Froguel Philippe
Published: August 2022

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Here we assessed the relationship between pancreatic cancer and two distinct measures of obesity, namely total adiposity, using BMI, versus abdominal, using BMI adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI) using polygenic scores (PGS) and Mendelian randomization (MR). We constructed z-score weighted PGS for BMI and WHRadjBMI using publicly available data and tested for their association with pancreatic cancer defined in UK biobank (UKBB). Using publicly available summary statistics we then performed bi-directional MR analyses between the two obesity traits and pancreatic cancer. PGSBMI was significantly (multiple testing-corrected) associated with pancreatic cancer (OR[95%CI] = 1.077[1.023–1.13], P = 0.0052). The significance of association declined after T2D adjustment (OR[95%CI] = 1.069[1.015–1.079], P = 0.012). MR analyses showed a nominally significant causal effect of WHRadjBMI on pancreatic cancer (OR[95%CI] = 1.00095[1.00011–1.0018], P = 0.027). Overall, we show that abdominal adiposity measured using WHRadjBMI, is a more important causal risk factor for pancreatic cancer compared to total adiposity, with T2D being a potential driver of this relationship.
Dexmedetomidine attenuates the enhancement effect of propofol on conditioned fear memory in rats
Authors: Yu Youjia , Xu Qingrong , Zha Jun , Wang Xinyi , Heng Lei , Yao Rui
Published: August 2022

Objective
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a frequent and disabling consequence of traumatic events. A previous study found that dexmedetomidine can alleviate anxiety like behavior and cognitive impairment in PTSD model rats. The aim of this study was to investigate the the effects of dexmedetomidine on the dosage and time window of conditioned fear memory enhanced by propofol in rats.
Methods
After conditioned fear training and propofol injection, the proportion of freezing time in rats with different doses and timing by dexmedetomidine were evaluated. We also examined The activation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) by dual-labeling immunofluorescence.
Results
Propofol heightened the freezing time in the context fear conditioning test. After propofol injection, the fluorescence intensity of c-Fos in dual-localization with CaMKⅡ increased and the fluorescence intensity of c-Fos in dual-localization with GAD67 declined in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). The use of medium or high concentration of dexmedetomidine reduced the freezing time of rats injected with propofol, so did the immediate and early use. However, high concentration of dexmedetomidine significantly increased respiratory depression. After giving dexmedetomidine to rats rejected with propofol, the fluorescence intensity of c-Fos in dual-localization with CaMKⅡ declined and the fluorescence intensity of c-Fos in dual-localization with GAD67 increased in the BLA.
Conclusion
Dexmedetomidine can attenuate the enhancement effect of propofol on conditioned fear memory in rats, and the best effect is achieved by early administration of moderate dose (20µg/kg) (within 30 min after propofol administration).
The numbers of nontrivial solutions to p-Laplacian impulsive equations with nonhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions
Authors: Yang Guoping , Liu Jian
Published: August 2022

The sufficient condition of the existence of solutions to some superlinear p-Laplacian impulsive differential equations with nonhomogeneous Neumann boundary conditions is obtained. We get two theorems via variational methods and corresponding critical-points theorems. To reveal the value of obtained theorems, two examples are presented combining with the Newton-iterative method.MSC: 34B15;58E30
Influence of large-scale climate signals on theprecipitation variability over Iran
Authors: Javanshiri Zohreh , Babaeian Iman , Pakdaman Morteza
Published: August 2022

This study investigates relationships between the twenty large-scale climatesignals and the precipitation variability during 1960–2018 in Iran.The twenty large-scale climate indicators include atmosphere-ocean teleconnectionsas well as El Ni˜no and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) signals,Pacific and Atlantic ocean Sea Surface Temperature (SST). WaveletCoherence Analysis (WCA) was applied to detect the impact of climatesignals on Iran’s monthly precipitation. The results revealed that (a) thesignificant wavelet coherence and the phase difference between monthlyprecipitation and climate signals were highly variable in time and periodicity,(b) at inter-annual scale, Iran’s precipitation had been linked moreto Extreme Eastern Tropical Pacific SST(0◦-10◦S, 90◦-80◦W) (Ni˜no1.2), Oceanic Ni˜no Index (ONI), and Western Hemisphere Warm Pool(WHWP), respectively, (c) decadal and inter-decadal precipitation variabilityare mainly associated with variability in Atlantic Meridional Mode(AMM), Western Pacific Index (WP) and Arctic Oscillation (AO), and(d) in the most recent decade, the coherence between precipitation andlarge-scale climate signals has been declined in decade and inter-decadescales, and an unstable coherence has been emerged in annual scale.
Combined Run-Length and Huffman Encoding for Image Compression
Authors: Krainyk Yaroslav
Published: August 2022

The paper introduces combined Run-Length encoding (RLE) and Huffman encoding approach for image compression. The approach can be applied to the peculiar type of images that satisfies specific characteristics in terms of color components data. The devised approach is supposed to implement lossless compression for the preprocessed image data. First, the RLE is applied to the prepared data, then, Huffman coding process is performed. The results received during the test session of the implemented software showcase that the proposed technique is feasible and provides a decent level of compression. It can be implemented also in the hardware since the complexity of the operations used is relatively low.
The Antibiotic Resistance Rates in Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter Isolates from Microbiological Culture Samples of Adult Patients in Turkey: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tuna Duygu Kübra , Demirtas Hande
Published: August 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Evidence for possible overestimation of systematic reliability of Type Ia Supernovae for measuring extragalactic distances
Authors: Singh Ritesh
Published: August 2022

We investigate systematic reliability of Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) as an extragalactic distance measurement method. First we review the evidence for potential sources of underestimated uncertainty and bias in SNe Ia distance measurements. Then we invite attention to the fact that most estimates of systematic uncertainty in SNe Ia distances do not take into account the uncertainties in the other distance measurement methods on which the SNe Ia distance scale is calibrated. With this backdrop, we analyse 17,371 reported SNe Ia distances for 3,743 galaxies compiled in the NED Redshift Independent Distances database. We find that any two reported SNe Ia distance measurements for a galaxy differ by 2.84 times the reported uncertainty on average. Among all the ordered pairs of multiple reported SNe Ia distances for the same galaxy, over all the galaxies, we find that 37.65\% of the ordered pairs differ by more than twice the reported uncertainty. This points towards possible underestimation of the reported uncertainties in SNe Ia distances. We also find that this percentage of ordered pairs of SNe Ia distances differing by more than twice the reported uncertainty shows a monotonically increasing trend from 1999 to 2018, pointing towards increasing underestimation of uncertainties with the period of publication. Using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey II, we find that the uncertainty introduced by the choice of MLCS2k2 versus SALT2 light curve models is 2.41 times the uncertainty reported in an individual measurement on average.
Identifying the difficulties faced by parents of children with colostomy due to hirschsprung's disease: a phenomenological study
Authors: Sahin Sennur Kula , Karakas Gulsah
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study was carried out to determine the difficulties faced by the parents of children with colostomy due to Hirschsprung's Disease. Methods: This phenomenological study was conducted. The study included the parents of nine different children with colostomys from October 2017 to January 2018 and used the purposeful sampling technique. Data was collected by voice recorder and camera utilizing the in-depth interview method and a “Semi-Structured Interview Form.” Malterud's systematic text condensation method was used to evaluate the data. Results: The study identified three main themes of “first encounter”, “difficulties” and “coping”; and twelve subthemes regarding the difficulties experienced by parents of children with colostomy. However, it was determined that parents accepted this process by using coping methods that include positive attitudes and spiritual beliefs. Conclusions: Starting with the decision to open a colostomy on children, it is recommend for parents to have education by professional counselling on colostomy care, psychological counseling and social groups, family centered care that help expressing their feelings.
Last dental visit and severity of tooth loss: a machine learning approach
Authors: Bomfim Rafael Aiello
Published: August 2022

Objective: To investigate the time of last dental visit, as a mediator of socioeconomic status, associated with severe tooth loss and presence of functional dentition (FD) and use a machine learning approach to predict those at higher risk of tooth loss in adults and older adults. Methods: We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 88,531 Brazilian individuals aged 18 and over. Tooth loss was the outcome by; 1) functional dentition (lost 1-12 teeth) and 2) severe tooth loss (lost 23-32 teeth). Structural Equation models were used to find the time of last dental visit, as a mediator of socioeconomic statuses, associated with the outcomes. Moreover, machine learning was used to train and test predictions to target individuals at higher risk for tooth loss. Results: For 65,803 adults (aged 18 to 59), more than two years of last dental visit was associated with lack of functional dentition. Age was the main contributor in the machine learning approach, with an AUC of 90%, accuracy of 90%, specificity of 97% and sensitivity of 38%. For older adults, more than two years of last dental visit was associated with higher severe loss. The main contributor to the machine learning approach was the last dental visit with an AUC of 77%. Conclusions: More than two years of last dental visit appears to be associated with a severe loss in older adults and lack of functional dentition in adults. The machine learning approach had a good performance to predict those individuals.
Atrial Cardiopathy in Young Adults With Embolic Stroke of Undetermined Source: A Myocardial Deformation Imaging Analysis
Authors: Pires Carla Marques , Silva Rita , Garcia Bárbara Lage , Antunes Nuno , Vieira Catarina , Marques Jorge , Queirós Sandro , Pereira Vitor Hugo
Published: August 2022

Background: Atrial cardiopathy (AC) has emerged as a potential pathological thrombogenic atrial substract of embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS), even in the absence of atrial fibrillation. Left atrium (LA) myocardial deformation analysis may be of value as a subclinical marker of AC and a predictor of ESUS.Aims: To compare LA mechanical function between ESUS cases and age and sex-matched controls. Methods: A single-center analytical study with case-control design was performed. The case group was composed of young patients admitted to the Neurology department from January 2017 to June 2021. The control group was composed of age and sex-matched controls recruited from the community. All participants performed echocardiograms and a smaller sample underwent cardiac magnetic resonance.Results: We recruited 31 ESUS patients aged between 18 and 65 years and 31 age and sex-matched controls. ESUS patients had a significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and patent foramen ovale (PFO). The prevalence of AC was not different between groups. Echocardiogram parameters, including strain analysis, were similar between groups, except for LA appendage (LAA) ostium variation which was significantly lower in ESUS patients (absolute: 6.5vs8.7mm, p<0.001; relative: 44.5%vs53.4%, p=0.002). After the exclusion of patients with PFO, all the results were statistically similar. Regarding cardiac magnetic resonance analysis, there were no statistically significant differences between groups.Conclusion: This study shows that in our population AC and atrial function was not associated with ESUS. LAA structural and functional abnormalities may play a major role. The role of LAA in ESUS warrants further studies.
A Cost-Effectiveness Metric for Association Rule Mining in Software Defect Prediction
Authors: Nishiura Kinari , Kasagi Takeki , Monden Akito
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a cost-effectiveness metric for association rule mining suitable for software defect prediction where conditions of defective modules are characterized as association rules.Given a certain amount of test effort (or the number of test cases), the proposed metric is the expected number of defects to be discovered in modules that meet an association rule.Since the amount test effort is limited in general and full testing of all modules is ineffective, the proposed metric is useful to focus on the most cost effective set of modules to be tested with limited test effort. The proposed metric is defined based on the exponential Software Reliability Growth Model (SRGM) extended with the module size parameter, assuming that a larger module require more effort to discover defects. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed metric, association rules were extracted and prioritized based on the proposed metric using data sets of four open source software projects. The LOC-based cumulative-lift chart, which is often used to evaluate the cost effectiveness of defect prediction, shows that the proposed metric can focus on the rules that can discover more defects than the conventional association rule metrics, confidence and odds ratio.
Isolated and Combined Effect of Hydraulic and Ladder Training on TCL, LDL and HDL Cholesterol Among College Women Students
Authors: Karthikeyan K.Manosakthi , K.Divya
Published: August 2022

Objective
The body's potential for characteristic; health became visible as a state of regular function that would be disrupted from time to time through disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the isolated and combined effect of hydraulic and ladder training on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol among college women students.
Methods
Totally 60 untrained volunteers from KAHE were taken to participate in the study. Their age ranged from 18 to 24 years. They were randomly divided and assigned into three groups of fifteen each as the experimental group (hydraulic training) 1(n = 15), experimental group (ladder training) 2 (n = 15), experimental group (hydraulic and ladder training) 3(n = 15) and control group 1 (n = 15). The data were collected before and after the training period of 12 weeks and the data collected were statically analysed which was used to find out the significant improvement on selected parameters and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find out the significant difference if any among the adjusted post-test means of the experimental and control group on each parameter separately.
Results
The Statistical analysis of the hydraulic training group, ladder training group, combined training group, and the control group of F ratio. The obtained f ratio of total cholesterol is 41.01, low-density lipoprotein is 40.44 and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is 31.59 of post-test was greater than the table value of the degree of freedom 3,56 required for the significance at 0.05 level. The combined training group responded to the training with a more positive influence on low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, when compared with the hydraulic training group, ladder training group, control group, and the hydraulic training group, the ladder training group was better than the control group.
Conclusion
It concluded that the study significantly improved that the combined training of hydraulic and ladder training was a better improvement in their level of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and enhance their daily activity level of fitness also improved and better lifestyle.
Royal Itineraries in French Sources and Studies
Authors: Шишкин В.В.
Published: August 2022

Статья посвящена французской историографии вопроса королевских итинерариев – перемещений правителей Франции периода Средних веков и Нового времени, в свете возобновления научного интереса в последнее время. Прослежена эволюция французской исторической мысли и исследовательских подходов, начиная с XVI в., и отмечены характерные черты и тематика современных направлений изучения итинерариев монархов, членов их семей и королевских дворов. Особое внимание уделено действующему научному проекту «Куриальный итинерарий (Средние века – XIX век)», инициированному исследовательской группой электронного издания Cour-de-france fr., главной целью которого является создание электронной базы дан-ных королевских и куриальных итинерариев, на основе обработки источников и c учетом научных работ в этой области.

The article is devoted to the French historiography of the royal itineraries – the movements of the rulers of France during the Middle Ages and Modern epoch, in the light of the renewed scientific interest in recent times. The author traces the evolution of French historical thought and research approaches since the 16th century and notes the characteristic features and themes of modern trends in the study of the itineraries of monarchs, members of their families and royal courts. Special attention is paid to the current scientific project "Curial Itinerary (Middle Ages – XIXth century)", initiated by the research group of the electronic publication Cour-de-france fr., the main goal of which is to create an electronic database of royal and curial itineraries, based on the processing of data sources and scientific works in this field.
Simulation regarding solar panel tracking system based on Sun’s position
Authors:   ”Mircea cel Batran” Naval Academy, Burlacu P.
Published: August 2022

The following article describes a tracking system to keep a solar panel aligned with the Sun. It was designed in Matlab using Simulink. The model consists in a panel, a motor and a controller which is used to track the position of the Sun. The physical system is based of two equations of motion, one for the panel and the other one for the motor. The purpose of building the tracking system is keeping a maximum intensity of producing electricity during all day.
The effect of Rabbit urine and Bokashi addition on the stem growth of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Novianto Esna Dilli , Husen Muh. Alwi , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto
Published: August 2022

Bokashi is a fermented rice straw. It is widely used as an organic fertilizer in Indonesia. It maintains the porosity of the soil, so the plant can grow perfectly. Rabbit urine on the other hand can be used as another nitrogen source. However, there is no report about the effect of both combination in shallots production (Allium ascalonicum L.), one of the main commodities in Magelang. For a better understanding on bokashi and rabbit urine, this experiment aims to study about its addition on the stem growth of shallots. Four dosages of rice straw bokashi were used. There are B0 (0kg/plot), B1 (3 kg/plot), B2 (4 kg/plot), and B3 (5kg/plot).  While the concentration of rabbit urine are P0 (0 mL/L), P1 (175 mL/L), and P2 (250 mL/L). The growth of the stem is measured every one week until it reached the full growth. This study showed that the addition of bokashi hinder the stem’s growth. It turned out that too many bokashi will raise the temperature of the soil and inhibit the plant’s growth.©2021 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
Forecasting the recovery of COVID-19 patients in East Java using the Fuzzy time series Cheng method
Authors: Yulianto Tony , Faisol Faisol , Zahroh Fatimatus , Suryanti Sri , Tafrikan Mohamad
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus 2019  (COVID-19) has significantly impacted Indonesia. Social restrictions in Indonesia's major cities and rural areas have been put in place as the coronavirus spreads. The Indonesian government is more vigilant with the spread of COVID-19, namely by issuing a lockdown policy to PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions). Almost all Indonesian people have complied with the guidelines set by the government, namely carrying out all activities in a WFH manner to minimize the chain of distribution of COVID-19 in Indonesia. The author of this work forecasts the recovery rate of Covid-19 patients in the East Java region using the Cheng Fuzzy Time Series approach. After checking the simulation with real in the field, it can be seen that using 51 data starting from February 4 2021 to March 26 2021 gives results MAPE = 0.4602%, which means the forecasting is very accurate.©2021 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
Prediction and analysis of building noise above metro depot
Authors: Liu Yang , Liao Quan , Zheng Senlin
Published: August 2022

With the further development of urbanization and the construction of urban rail transit system, the shortage of urban land is becoming more and more obvious. The construction of metro car depots and parking lot has become the general trend in China. However, the influence of vehicle-induced noise has become the key factor restricting the comprehensive development of vehicle depot and property on parking lot. This paper studies the influence of noise on buildings by analyzing the noise caused by train operations. On this basis, the feasible noise reduction scheme is studied, and comprehensive noise reduction measures are proposed to improve the comfort level of vehicle-induced noise in the metro depot with superstructures. The results found that the noise near the smoke outlet in the throat area is about 58 dB (A), and the environmental noise at 1.2 m in the site is about 53 dB (A), exceeding the nighttime limit of class 2 acoustic environment functional area by 3-8 dB (A). The noise near the smoke outlet at the test line is about 55 dB (A), and the environmental noise at 1.2 m of the site is about 51 dB (A), which exceeds the night limit of 1-5 dB (A) in the functional area of class 2 acoustic environment.
Research on reliability test method of MR damper based on damage equivalent
Authors: Pang Fangchao , Sun Shijian , Liu Wei , Zhang Guanyong
Published: August 2022

In order to get the more accurate damping capacity and durability of MR damper in the real vehicle conditions. On the basis of fully understanding the working state and damping regulation principle of the MR damper, taking the control current of the MR damper as the variable, the damping characteristic curves under different control currents are obtained. Based on Miner's law and the theoretical support of pseudo damage, through the durability comparison test under three different current control logic combination conditions, a more suitable reliability durability test method for the MR damper is obtained. The results show that under the condition of specific current, the damping value of MR damper will increase with the increase of speed; Under the condition of specific speed, the damping value of MR damper will decrease with the increase of current, and the damping value of MR damper is maximum when there is no current through; The results show that the verification methods that check the damping force and oil leakage of the shock absorber under three different conditions are effective. The second dual frequency durability test method under the condition of current control logic combination can not only shorten the duration of the whole durability test, but also take into account the impact of current change on the durability of the shock absorber, and has more popularization and application value.
Influence of mineral admixtures on high performance concrete
Authors: Lu Wei , Ning Guobao , Tang Jiao , Geng Limei , Luo Wei
Published: August 2022

Taking high performance concrete (HPC) in hydraulic engineering as an example, this paper discusses the influence of different mixing methods of slag powder and fly ash on its frost resistance and chloride ion permeability. The results show that the compressive strength decreases with the addition of HPC; Proper addition of mineral admixtures is beneficial to improve the anti chloride ion permeability of HPC and reduce the electric flux; The HPC flux of 28d and 90 reaches 680C and 280C, when the mass ratio of slag powder to fly ash is 15:35 and the content of mineral admixture is 35 %; The frost resistance of HPC gradually deteriorates with the increase of mineral admixture under the condition of constant air content and water binder ratio. The frost resistance grade of HPC without mineral admixture reaches F200, and its frost resistance is the best.