bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on the efficacy of microneedling with minoxidil solution versus microneedling with hair multivitamin solution for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Sunil Kumar  , Rajesh G  , Srinivas K
Published: January 2025

Background: Androgenetic alopecia (AA) is one of the common cosmetic concerns. It affects more than 50% of adults. AA alopecia is a benign condition and it affects the psychology of patients. Microneedling (MN) – minimally invasive procedure. Minoxidil is an antihypertensive and causes vasodilation.
Aims and Objectives: The present study was aimed to compare the efficacy of MN with minoxidil solution versus MN with hair multivitamin solution of male androgenetic alopecia.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Devanahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. After following inclusion and exclusion criteria, 50 subjects were involved. Subjects were divided into two groups, 25 in each group. Group I, MN with dermaroller having needle length of 1.5 mm was done and minoxidil solution was applied over the scalp and the again MN was done. Group II, MN was done and hair multivitamin solution was used. MN was done for every 3 weeks and a total of nine sessions were done. From the last session, all the study subjects were followed for 6 months. Baseline investigations were done. Side effects such as pain, bruising, and folliculitis were recorded and monitored. Response of the patients to the treatment (hair growth) was assessed by physician global assessment scores. Visual analog scale score was done to assess the subjective improvement of the patients.
Results: In this study, 50 male androgenetic alopecia patients were involved. In this, 21 (42%) were in the age group of 20–40 years and 29 (58%) were in the 41–60 years of age group. In Group I, excellent response was seen in 19 (76%), very good response in 4 (16%), good response in 2 (8%) patients, and none of the patients showed average response. In Group II, excellent response was seen in 10 (40%), very good response in 4 (16%), good response in 6 (24%) patients, and average response in 5 (20%). Following side effects were observed in the study subjects, pain in 6 (24%), bruising 4 (16%), and folliculitis 2 (8%).
Conclusion: MN is safe and cost-effective procedure, which causes stimulation of hair follicles and improves hair growth.
Comparison between transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery-A prospective and randomized study
Authors: Shalini Jain  , Ruchi Agrawal  , Ravi Barde  , K K Arora
Published: January 2025

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common complication after laparoscopic surgery and general anesthesia. It increases the patient’s discomfort and compromises the surgical outcome.
Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS) and Injection of Metoclopramide for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gastrointestinal laparoscopic surgery. The secondary objective of the study was to find out the percentage of cases needed rescue antiemetic drug (Inj. Ondansetron) when prophylaxis failed.
Materials and Methods: The study was a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial conducted at M.G.M. Medical College and M.Y. Hospital, Indore. 90 patients of 18–60 years of age, ASA physical status I-II, undergoing elective laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery were included. Patients were allocated randomly into two equal groups. Group T received TENS (the stimulation group) at P6 acupressure point, whereas group M received an injection of Metoclopramide before induction of anesthesia. Patients in both groups were observed for 24 h postoperatively for the incidence of nausea and vomiting and the requirement for rescue antiemetic.
Results: The percentage of Postoperative Nausea Vomiting (PONV) and requirement of rescue antiemetics in both the groups were comparable in the first 6 h following laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgeries (P=1.000). There was no significant difference in PONV and rescue antiemetic requirement at 24 h in both the groups.
Conclusion: TENS stimulation at P6 acupressure point is comparable to injection of Metoclopramide in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgeries.
Clinical profile and 30-day outcome of patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Sumi Dutta  , Naruttam Sonowal  , Kaberi Mech  , Alokjyoti Malakar  , Himavathy Kodandarao Gara  , Dharma Rao Vanamali
Published: January 2025

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) accounts for a quarter of all-cause mortality, with substantial loss of productivity and socio-economic implications. Analyses of the clinical presentation, age- and gender-specific differences, and mortality pattern are decisive in determining the clinical outcome of a patient.
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective was to determine the in-hospital and 30th day outcomes in patients with ACS. The secondary objectives were to study cardiometabolic risk factors, the clinical presentation, and the clinical course of the patients with ACS during hospitalization.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted for 1-year duration involving 110 patients diagnosed with ACS. The patients’ data pertaining to socio-demographic information, clinical features, details of hospitalization, and treatment modalities were collected. The outcomes based on mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were evaluated in two phases: (a) in-hospital and (b) at the 30th day from the date of hospitalization.
Results: Out of 110 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of ACS, the majority were male (71.82%), and their mean age was 58.45±9.18 years. Hypertension, obesity, smoking, and family history of ACS were reported by 40%, 30%, 30%, and 27.27% of patients, respectively. Chest pain was the commonest symptom, followed by sweating and radiating pain. The mean duration of hospitalization was 6.345±2.46 days. ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was the commonest type of ACS, with a predominance of anterior wall myocardial infarction (MI). The mean door-to-needle time was 43.53±7.75 min, and 29.1% of patients underwent thrombolysis. During hospitalization, improvement and MACE were observed in 73.64% and 26.36% of patients, respectively. 30-day outcome MACE was significantly higher among STEMI patients. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with <30% left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), both during hospitalization and after 30 days.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the mean age of presentation was 58.45±9.18 years. Anterior wall MI was the commonest pattern of STEMI. Thus, the type of MACE and mortality were significantly higher among patients with either LVEF <30% or STEMI. Thus, type and severity of ACS, along with clinical presentation, existing risk factors, and access to medical care, play a determining role in the clinical outcome of a patient.
Demography, clinical features, and outcome of fungal keratitis presenting in tertiary eye care in Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Leena , Asta Ram Bade  , Reeta Gurung
Published: January 2025

Background: Fungal keratitis is an important cause of ocular morbidity in developing countries.
Aims and Objectives: To study fungal keratitis in detail along with its outcome.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of fungal keratitis that had presented between October 2013 and March 2015.
Results: 168 fungal ulcers were enrolled. 145 had fungus isolated in the culture; 23 had fungal elements seen only in potassium hydroxide mount examination. The average age of patients was 46.7 years. 55.3% were male. 75% were farmers. Patients presented at an average of 23.6 days since the onset of symptoms. In 85 cases (50.6%), trauma was the risk factor followed by steroid use (12.5%, n=21) and diabetes mellitus (7.7%, n=13). 72 out of 85 cases of trauma were due to vegetative matter. 94 (55.9%) ulcers had hypopyon. 56 (33.3%) ulcers had infiltrate size of ≥¼ of corneal surface. 12 (7.1%) ulcers were perforated at presentation. Out of 145 fungal isolates, Aspergillus species and Fusarium species were isolated in equal numbers (n=41, 28.3% each), followed by unidentified hyaline fungus (14.4%, n=21). The ulcers were treated with combination of topical natamycin 5% and fluconazole 0.3% with or without oral fluconazole. 111 (66.1%) fungal ulcers improved with medical treatment, 37 (n=22.0%) underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, 6 (3.6%) were eviscerated and outcome unknown in 14 (8.3%). Smaller-sized ulcers, ulcers without hypopyon and those presenting within 7 days had better prognosis (>80% healing with medical treatment) with statistical significance.
Conclusion: Farmers were constantly at risk of fungal keratitis due to work-related trauma. Fungal ulcers presented late with large sized ulcers and with complications, thus making treatment challenging and necessitating surgical intervention. Timely treatment had better prognosis.
Role of Wilms’ tumor 1 in diagnosis and grading of astrocytomas
Authors: John Emmanuel Raju S  , Nalini B  , Muderla Rajesh  , Bhavani Nagavelly
Published: January 2025

Background: Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) mutation has recently been detected in gliomas. Growing data indicate that WT1 mutation plays a causal role in gliomagenesis and is overexpressed in most glioblastomas. Emerging immunotherapy targeting WT1 has shown to be effective in resistant glioblastomas in clinical trials. WT1 expression and its potential utility in various grades of astrocytomas is still unclear and needs further elucidation. The evaluation of WT1 can be done by molecular or immunohistochemical methods. As immunohistochemistry is easier with wider routine use, immunoexpression of this biomarker was studied.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate WT1 immunoexpression across different histological grades of astrocytomas and differentiate low-grade astrocytomas from reactive astrogliosis.
Materials and Methods: This was an observational prospective study on 54 cases of astrocytomas.
Results: In the present study a total of 54 cases have been diagnosed as astrocytomas. Grade IV was the most common (31%) followed by grade II (44%). WT1 score correlated with histological tumor grades (P<0.001) with a higher score in a higher grade. It was also observed that different tumor grades depicted two distinct expression patterns. WT1 score and pattern were valuable in differentiating high- and low-grade astrocytomas.
Conclusion: This study supports the oncogenic role of WT1 in astrocytomas. WT1 was found to be valuable in distinguishing different grades of astrocytomas. The scoring and distinctive patterns of WT1 can aid in distinguishing high-grade and low-grade astrocytomas. However, one needs to be careful in pilocytic astrocytomas in which there is a mixed expression. WT1, therefore, appears to be an attractive immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker to be used concomitantly with other IHC markers in astrocytomas. In addition, the frequent expression of WT1 in astrocytomas supports its promising role in immunotherapy and its potential to guide patient selection for targeted immunotherapy.
A prospective study of post-operative surgical site infections after open gastrointestinal surgeries
Authors: Vijay Kumar Tekam  , Priyanka Singh  , Utkarsh Bhandari  , Ashok Kumar Rathore  , Akshara Rathore
Published: January 2025

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are infections of the tissues, organs, or spaces exposed by surgeons while performing an invasive procedure. SSI is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections, but its importance as a health-care priority is not fully understood, and limited work has been published defining the role of surgeons in SSIs.
Aims and Objectives: In the present study, we assess the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal (GI) surgery in a tertiary care hospital in the Central India.
Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on patients admitted to Gandhi Medical College-affiliated Hamidia Hospital, Bhopal, in the General Surgery Department. The study included 207 patients who underwent emergency/routine GI surgeries between September 2020 and April 2022. Patient characteristics and laboratory data were recorded on a pre-designed form, and all patients were evaluated postoperatively for soakage along with culture and antibiotic testing.
Results: The overall incidence of SSI was 42.51% and its distributions between emergency and routine surgeries were 22.7% and 19.8%, respectively. SSI was predominant in male patients. White blood cell level was significantly associated between emergency and routine surgeries, while Hb level, serum protein level, and the time required for surgery were insignificant. SSI under contaminated dirty wounds was prevalent in both emergency and routine surgeries. Klebsiella was the most commonly isolated organism, followed by Escherichia coli. The commonly susceptible antibiotics have been found to be meropenem, pipzo, amikacin, and imipenem. Commonly resistant antibiotics were amoxiclav, ceftriaxone, linezolid, and doxycycline.
Conclusion: This paper presents the incidence of SSI in the hospital setting of Central India and the factors that may contribute to the high incidence of SSI. Further research needs to be done to better understand how specific risk factors are responsible for post-operative wound infections in open GI surgery.
A cross-sectional study on the etiological spectrum and morbidity profile among geriatric patients: A hospital-based study
Authors: Tiash Samanta  , Satyendra Nath Saha  , Moumita Sen  , Arunima Chaudhuri  , Badal Kumar Sahu
Published: January 2025

Background: Elderly people are now the most rapidly growing population group worldwide, and the challenge ahead for the health-care system is to ensure the quality of life and provide adequate health care for a large group the of geriatric population.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to determine the most common causes of emergency hospital admission of geriatric patients and to evaluate their morbidity profile.
Materials and Methods: This present study was carried out on 208 geriatric patients (age >60 years) in a medical college and teaching hospital, in eastern India between May 2019 and October 2020 after taking institutional ethical clearance and informed consent of the participants.
Results: Nearly 38.9% of the participants belonged to the age group of 60–70 years. 73.7% of the participants presented with respiratory diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory failure), 21.0% had pulmonary tuberculosis, and 5.3% had cancer lung. Nearly 88.46% had endocrinal morbidity, followed by cardiovascular morbidity (74.03%) and respiratory morbidity (62.50%). 81.25% of the participants had diabetes, and 60.58% suffered from musculoskeletal disorder. 36.53% had osteoarthritis and 22.59% had rheumatoid arthritis.
Conclusion: The present study result showed the most common presentation in hospital admissions during the emergency in the elderly were cardiovascular, respiratory diseases, neurological causes, and gastrointestinal disorders. The majority of cases had three or more complications necessitating admission contributing to a higher disease burden in the elderly.
Managing childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy
Authors: Aishvarya Diptivilasa  , Nita Radhakrishnan  , Shruti Verma
Published: January 2025

Genetics is increasingly being integrated into clinical oncology practice. It is necessary for risk stratification of disease, for prognostication, for recognition of underlying predisposition, and for recognition of potential toxicity and predicting outcomes. The prevalence of genetic syndromes, their clinical significance, effect on cancer, and its treatment have been defined in recent times. In this present work, we describe the challenges we faced while managing a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia with an underlying rare muscular dystrophy. The details were recorded from case files and prospectively collected data. Dose modification of certain chemotherapeutic drugs was planned to reduce toxicity in the child. The child responded to treatment and is currently in remission. The recognition of genetic entity and their potential interactions with treatment received for cancer is vital to plan the treatment.
Goldenhar syndrome: An ephialte for the anesthesiologist – What we saw was just the tip of the iceberg
Authors: Nidhi Sultania  , Priyanka Bansal
Published: January 2025

Goldenhar syndrome, also called oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, is characterized by craniofacial, central nervous system, cardiac, renal, and vertebral anomalies. It occurs due to the faulty unilateral development of vertebral arches. Patients presenting for surgery are usually in the pediatric age group. General anesthesia is the preferred mode of anesthesia considering the type of surgery, age of the patient, and vertebral anomaly in this patient group. The first and foremost consideration while anesthetizing these patients is the anticipated difficult airway. Frequently encountered airway abnormalities in these patients are micrognathia, retrognathia, mandibular dysplasia, craniovertebral anomalies leading to limited neck flexion and cervical spine instability, decreased thyromental distance, fascial asymmetry, cleft lip and palate, high arched palate, dental abnormalities, and temporomandibular joint abnormalities. Difficult airways often come disguised as syndromes, and thorough pre-operative evaluation along with preparation for the worst scenarios is a must. We have a myriad of alternative airway management equipment at our disposal. Adequate knowledge is a must for their best use.
Association of Hashimoto thyroiditis with papillary thyroid carcinoma and its clinical features – A retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rajashree Pradhan  , Chirasri Goswami  , Mrinal Sikder  , Upasana Mukherjee  , Sajeeb Mondal
Published: January 2025

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most widespread endocrine malignancy. Among the several risk factors, Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is one of the factors associated with increased incidence of PTC. Both HT and PTC share several epidemiologic features including high prevalence, female predominance, and increased incidence in iodine-sufficient areas.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of HT and PTC coexistent in endemic population. The study also aimed to determine the association of various prognostic parameters of PTC in patients with coexistent HT.
Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study done from May 2019 to May 2024 over a period of 5 years in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal. A total of 54 patients with primary PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy with cervical lymph node dissection (LND) were studied. Patients with primary PTC with neck LND and complete medical history were included in this study. Patients with previous thyroidectomy surgery or patients with incidental PTC diagnosed in thyroidectomy specimens done for a benign neoplasm (without LND) were excluded from the study.
Results: A total of 54 cases of PTC were studied out of which 23 cases were PTC associated with HT and 31 cases were PTC without HT constituting 42.59% and 57.4%, respectively. PTC associated with HT had a greater incidence in females. In this study, our results showed that PTC with HT had a greater tendency of tumor multifocality, greater mean lymph node size, and increase rate of extranodal tumor extension. At the same time, patients of PTC associated with HT had smaller tumor size and low clinical stage.
Conclusion: PTC associated with HT had a female preponderance, larger metastatic lymph node, a tendency for multifocality, and extranodal extension. At the same, they also had smaller tumor size and low clinical stage indicating a complex and controversial effect of HT on PTC.
Multiple giant pancreatic pseudocysts, a rare complication of acute pancreatitis – A case report
Authors: Albail Singh Yadav  , Anant Agarwal  , Ayush Maurya  , Gaurang Agarwal
Published: January 2025

A 34-year-old alcoholic male presented to our outpatient department with a complaint of persistent epigastric pain, radiating to the back with a swelling in the upper abdomen. He had 2 similar episodes in the past for which he was conservatively managed along the lines of acute pancreatitis. Now on physical examination, the patient had a massive lump in the upper abdomen reaching below the umbilicus. Examination findings were confirmed by computed tomography - abdomen (Plain and Contrast), two 13×10×09 cm and 9×8×7.8 cm, cystic lesions (Noncommunicating) were seen abutting the posterior wall of the stomach and into each other, suggestive of mature pseudocysts of the pancreas. The patient was admitted and after necessary investigations, surgical cystogastrostomy was done for the lower pseudocyst and cystocystostomy for the upper pseudocyst. The patient was discharged 5 days later with no complications. This case shows that multiple pseudocysts, a relatively rare complication of acute pancreatitis, are one of the differentials of acute abdomen. The treatment is a therapeutic challenge that depends on location, size, number as well as their relation to one another. Good drainage prevents resection procedures and further complications (exocrine and endocrine insufficiency).
Prophylactic zinc versus placebo lozenges in preventing post-operative sore throat following intubation using king vision video laryngoscope: A comparative study
Authors: Anas Parappurath  , Arpana Kedlaya  , Anjali T M Ollapally
Published: January 2025

Background: Post-operative sore throat (POST) can be a cause of great discomfort after endotracheal intubation with an incidence of up to 65%. While there are studies demonstrating the efficacy of prophylactic zinc lozenges in decreasing POST in patients intubated using MacIntosh laryngoscope, similar studies with King Vision video laryngoscope (KVVL) are lacking. Hence, we conducted this study to assess whether similar beneficial effects can be seen in South Indian patients.
Aims and Objectives: The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic zinc lozenges for the prevention of POST in patients intubated using channeled KVVL. The Secondary objectives were to assess the severity of POST, the duration of laryngoscopy, and the number of intubation attempts and their effect on POST.
Materials and Methods: In this prospective comparative trial, 94 American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status one and two patients, randomized into two groups received either 40 mg of a zinc lozenge or a placebo, 30 min before endotracheal intubation POST was evaluated after surgery at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h.
Results: The overall incidence of POST in the zinc group was 13.18% and in the placebo group was 26.37% resulting in an almost 50% reduction in the overall incidence of POST.
Conclusion: The administration of zinc lozenge 30 min preoperatively is effective to reduce the incidence of POST in the immediate and early post-operative period.
Recent trend in the care of chronic kidney disease patients: A shift from paternalistic to collaborative approach
Authors: Suchitra Pal  , Santhna Letchmi Panduragan  , Faridah Mohd Said
Published: January 2025

The global rise in chronic kidney disease (CKD) necessitates a re-evaluation of healthcare practices. This review explores the shift from paternalistic to collaborative model, focusing on patient empowerment. This article aims to elucidate the foundational concept of patient empowerment, describe the goals of patient-centered care (PCC), identify barriers to PCC implementation, and propose strategies to enhance PCC. The ultimate aim is to empower CKD patients in self-care. The article explores multifaceted strategies of PCC, highlights the pivotal role of shared decision-making, and underscores the necessity of a collaborative clinician-patient partnership. It emphasizes the significance of patient-centered education, benefits of PCC in CKD care, and the role of artificial intelligence in improving healthcare outcomes. This review concludes by summarizing insights into the transformative shift toward patient-centered approaches in CKD management. It emphasizes the positive impact of this paradigm shift on both the healthcare system and CKD patients. The findings highlight the positive effects of PCC on both the health-care system and CKD patients.
A study of functional outcome in unstable intertrochanteric fractures treated by proximal femoral nailing in Bundelkhand region
Authors: Pranjal Mishra  , Satish Agarwal  , Paras Gupta
Published: January 2025

Background: Intertrochanteric fractures are the most frequent fractures of the hip joint. This is attributed to the increase in the elderly population in our country, along with osteoporosis being prevalent in these populations.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study is to prospectively analyze the functional outcome of unstable intertrochanteric fractures managed with “proximal femoral nail” (PFN).
Materials and Methods: The prospective study was conducted on 48 cases of unstable intertrochanteric in Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, between June 2022 and December 2023.
Results: In our study, the mean age of the patient is 36.16 and the most common age group is 41–60 years, 33.33%, and >60 years, 41.67%. In forty-eight cases, 37 (77.08%) were male patients, and 11 (22.92%) were female patients. The Harris hip score patients follow-up after 3 months 8 (16.67%) patients of excellent outcomes, 18 (37.50%) patients of good outcomes, 12 (25.00%) of fair outcomes, and 10 (20.83%) patients of poor outcomes. The Harris hip score patients follow-up after 6 months 24 (50%) patients of excellent outcomes, 20 (41.67%) patients of good outcomes, 2 (4.17%) of fair outcomes, and 2 (4.17%) patients of poor outcomes.
Conclusion: In unstable proximal femur fractures, PFN is a significant advancement in the treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures which has the unique advantages of closed reduction, preservation of fracture hematoma, less tissue damage, early rehabilitation, and early return to work.
A study of maternal and perinatal outcomes due to excessive maternal gestational weight gain in a district hospital in West Bengal – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alina Bhattacharjee  , Suresh Chandra Mondal  , Mainak Chatterjee
Published: January 2025

Background: The weight gain that occurs in pregnancy has the potential to influence a woman’s long-term health by increasing the risk for weight retention and obesity, as well as related comorbidities such as chronic hypertension (HTN) or Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to study maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with excessive maternal gestational weight gain (GWG).
Materials and Methods: The current study was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, from October 2018 to October 2019. A total of 91 women attending the antenatal clinic of MR Bangur Hospital and getting admitted for delivery during the study period was considered as the study population. Medical records were maintained for variables of the mothers such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational HTN, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, duration of labor, mode of delivery, indication of cesarean section, Postpartum hemorrhage, and perineal tears. coGuide v.0.01 used for statistical analysis.
Results: There were majority of 55 (60.4%) participants reported 18.5–24.9 body mass index (BMI). The difference in the proportion of BMI across maternal weight gain was statistically significant. The difference in the proportion of GDM, duration of labor >18 h, and duration of the second stage of labor >2 h between maternal weight gain were statistically significant. The difference in the proportion of APGAR score at 1 min, and 5 min between groups of maternal weight gain was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Our study suggested that GWG has to be achieved within the Institute of Medicine recommendation according to pre-pregnancy BMI to improve pregnancy outcomes and reduce maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes.
Evaluation and comparison of disability and functioning of low-risk pregnant women in 2nd and 3rd trimester using the world health organization disability assessment schedule 2.0
Authors: Nirmal Shivangi Ravindrakumar  , Shishram Saini  , Rizwana Shaheen  , Asmita Arun  , Neetu Gehlot
Published: January 2025

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological phenomenon where there is progressive anatomical, physiological, and biochemical change not only confined to the genital organs but also to all the systems of the body. There is a lack of knowledge in the field of functioning and disability among women with low-risk pregnancy without severe complications, and the condition that can lead to limitation in activity and restriction of participation. Considering the lack of research and the fact that the physiological changes of pregnancy can impact negatively on women’s functioning, the purpose of this study was to evaluate disability and functioning of low-risk pregnancy and its associated factors using a specified diagnosed tool developed by the World Health Organization (WHO).
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate disability and functioning of low risk pregnancy using the WHO disability assessment schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0).
Materials and Methods: This is an observational hospital-based prospective study, 140 women aged 18–35 year with low-risk pregnancy were interviewed first in 2nd trimester using WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire which was followed by 2nd interview in 3rd trimester with a minimum gap of 8 weeks and comparison was done between both trimester.
Results: Higher level of disability observed in cognition in 2nd trimester (P=0.009) while mobility and life activities domain were high in 3rd trimester (P=0.01 and P=0.027). Self-care domain had P=0.008 which was statistically significant with increasing level of difficulty in self-care as pregnancy advances. Getting along (P=0.005), participation (0.042) indicating greater difficulty as pregnancy progresses.
Conclusion: The findings showed that even in a low risk pregnancy, functioning can be affected in different domains. The identification of impairments to functioning could enable improvement in care. Longitudinal studies involving the first trimester and postpartum are necessary to gain insight into women’s disability and functioning during the pregnancy puerperal period.
An observational study of clinico-pathological characteristics of gynecological tumors and mode of treatment
Authors: Ashwini R  , Ravi N Patil  , Shiny Varghese  , Nalini Arun Kumar  , Sathyavani C
Published: January 2025

Background: Gynecological malignancies are a group of various malignancies of the female reproductive system which included cancers of the ovary, cervix, uterus, vulva, vagina, and also gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the clinical profile, different histopathological types of gynecological tumors, and mode of treatment.
Materials and Methods: Study was conducted on 94 patients from June 2022 to December 2022.
Results: Mean age of study population was 49.54±14.54 years. On radiological examination, out of total 52 ovarian cancers, cysts were present in 14 (14.89%) women, solid cysts in 16 (17.02%), papillary projections in 9 (9.57%), vascularity in 11 (11.70%), and lymphadenopathy in 2 (2.12%) women. The Pipelle biopsy results showed complex hyperplasia with atypia in 6 women (6.38%), endometrial carcinoma in 2 women (2.12%), focal atypia in 3 women (3.19%), and simple hyperplasia with atypia in 7 women (7.44%). On Pap smear/liquid based cytology, 1 (1.06%) woman each had atypical squamous cells, HSIL cannot be excluded, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. No intraepithelial lesion or malignancy was found in 82 (87.23%) women. Present study showed that cervix cases was 10 (10.63%), endometrium 30 (31.91%), and vaginal 1 (1.06%). Majority of women in the present study, that is, 53 (56.38%) had ovarian tumors. In endometrial cancer, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, that is, 15 (50%) followed by simple endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and complex endometrial hyperplasia with atypia, that is, 4 (13.33%) each.
Conclusion: Maximum number of patients having various gynecological tumors presented with stage II disease and above but maximum women with ovarian cancer reported with stage III and stage IV. These results clearly explained that ovarian cancer usually had non-specific or misleading symptoms as compared to cervical cancer which reported few specific symptoms.
Assessment of dose contribution to pelvic lymph nodes in patients undergoing brachytherapy for carcinoma cervix
Authors: Deepak Sharma  , Amrut S Kadam  , Ramashish Kumar  , Raghavendra BK  , Srihari G  , Perpetua Shruthi A  , Varun Chandra
Published: January 2025

Background: The inclusion of pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis in the FIGO staging system has impacted disease classification and patient survival. Brachytherapy is a key component in managing carcinoma cervix; however, the dose contribution of brachytherapy to PLNs remains unclear.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to quantify the dose contribution of high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy to individual pelvic nodal groups.
Materials and Methods: We included 40 biopsy-proven carcinoma cervix patients, stages IIA to IVA. All patients underwent external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy, followed by HDR brachytherapy, either intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) or interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT). A total dose of 21 Gy in 3 fractions (7 Gy per fraction) was prescribed to the high-risk clinical target volume.
Results: For ICBT, the mean absolute doses received by the external iliac, internal iliac, and obturator groups were 0.56 Gy, 1.02 Gy, and 1.22 Gy, corresponding to EQD2 (α/β=10) values of 0.49 Gy, 0.93 Gy, and 1.14 Gy, respectively. In the ISBT group, the mean absolute doses were 0.49 Gy, 0.86 Gy, and 1.11 Gy, with corresponding EQD2s of 0.43 Gy, 0.85 Gy, and 1.02 Gy.
Conclusion: PLNs received significant dose contributions from HDR brachytherapy in cervical cancer patients, providing valuable reference data for determining the EBRT boost dose in cases of enlarged PLNs.
Supine versus prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Surgeon and anesthesiologist perspective. Can agile supersede traditional?
Authors: Priyanka Bansal  , Tarun Mittal  , Devendra Singh Pawar  , Nidhi Sultania
Published: January 2025

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the most common surgical procedure for the removal of renal stone of size >2 cm. It has evolved over the years both in terms of surgical technique and plan of anesthesia. The procedure is performed most commonly in the prone position. This position provides edge in offering greater anatomical feasibility due to the posterior retroperitoneal position of kidneys. Supine position bestows several perks over prone in terms of better access to patient’s airway, lower cardiopulmonary complications, better patient comfort, repositioning issues addressal along with convenient access to the patient by anesthesiologist in case of untoward medical emergency.
Aims and Objectives: The primary aim to compare the safety and efficacy of prone versus supine PCNL. The objective  Visual Analog Scale Score, patient satisfaction rate, stone-free rate, procedure time (calculated from placement of ureteric catheter to skin closure), overall complication rate.
Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized study of 80 patients was conducted at our institute from December 2022 to June 2023. Institutional Ethical Committee clearance was sought and the inclusion criteria were all adult patients aged between 16 and 65 years with single renal, upper ureteric calculus of size 10–25 mm with ASA physical status 1 and 2 having normal renal function and a sterile urine culture.
Results: All the patients completed the study and there were no dropouts. Male/female ratio, age, and stone size were comparable in both the groups. The mean time taken in supine PCNL was 48.3 min and in prone PCNL was 68.7 min, which was significant.
Conclusion: Supine PCNL is a safe and efficacious procedure for renal stone disease in the selected group of patients with results comparable to prone PCNL, having additional advantages like less time-consuming, better upper calyceal access through lower calyx, less radiation exposure to surgeon’s hand, overcoming positional difficulties of prone position, simultaneous accessibility for performing flexible ureteroscopy and more convenient airway access to anesthesiologist and better pain scores.
Littoral cell angioma: An incidental finding in a traumatic spleen
Authors: Madhurima Das  , Rupsha Dutta Pal  , Dwaipayan Samaddar  , Jaya Bagchi Samaddar  , Bidyut Krishna Goswami
Published: January 2025

Littoral cell angioma (LCA) of the spleen, a rare vascular tumor, is usually asymptomatic, often discovered incidentally and a majority of them are benign in nature. A 20-year-old boy with a history of blunt abdominal trauma, who underwent splenectomy showed the presence of a capsular tear and variegated outer surface on gross examination of the spleen. On the cut section, multiple nodular areas with areas of hemorrhage were noted. Microscopical examination revealed the proliferation of anastomosing, irregular, tortuous blood-filled channels with plenty of histiocytes in the splenic tissue and extensive areas of hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrinoid deposits. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for CD31 (endothelial differentiation), CD68, and lysozyme (histiocytic differentiation) but was negative for CD34. The final diagnosis was LCA in a case of ruptured spleen after ruling out angiosarcoma. The possibility of this benign entity to have contributed to the potentially fatal splenic injury cannot be overlooked.
Study the carotid Doppler and computed tomography of head in ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Tilchan Pandey  , Jeevan Khanal  , Shami Pokhrel  , Himal Ghimire  , Bikash Poudel
Published: January 2025

Background: A stroke is an episode of acute neurological dysfunction from either ischemic infarction or a collection of blood within the brain or ventricular system with resultant focal injury of the central nervous system. The estimated global incidence of stroke is 2–3/1000 person-years, with older patients and patients with carotid artery stenosis or atrial fibrillation having the highest risk. Hence, carotid studies may help with early prevention and management in patients.
Aims and Objectives: We aimed to study the prevalence of carotid artery stenosis in acute ischemic stroke and the association of risk factors.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted in the department of internal medicine over a period of 6 months. It was carried out in 125 ischemic stroke patients’ inpatient departments. The ischemic stroke was established with history, examination, and computed tomography (CT) with carotid color Doppler study for percentage of stenosis.
Results: The 47 (37.6%) stroke patients had carotid stenosis <50% and 78 (62.4%) had >50%; out of them, 32% (40) had (≥50–69%) stenosis, 24% (30) exhibited 70–99%, and 6.4% (8) reported total occlusion. In the CT brain, lacunar infarcts were found in 42 (33.6%), normal and middle cerebral artery infarcts in 27 (21.6%), anterior cerebral artery infarcts in 17 (13.6%), and posterior cerebral artery infarcts in 12 (9.6%). In clinical profiles, 75 (60%) patients presented with right-sided hemiparesis, 50 (40%) with left-sided hemiparesis, 62 (49.6%) with loss of consciousness, 28 (22.4%) with dizziness, and 31 (24.8%) with motor aphasia. Conventional risk factors include hypertension in 68 (54.4%), diabetes in 39 (31.2%), dyslipidemia in 58 (46.4%), heart disease in 65 (52%), and smoking in 51 (40.8%). In the present study, the majority of patients found carotid stenosis >50%, lacunar infarcts were the most common CT findings, and right hemiparesis was common paresis. Hypertension was the most common risk factor among others, and all were significant (P<0.05) for the stroke.
Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of carotid stenosis, with >50% in ischemic stroke patients with hypertension being the most common risk factor.
Avascular necrosis of skin flap post titanium mesh cranioplasty
Authors: Harsh Deo Pandey  , Avdhesh Shukla  , Vivek Kankane  , Avinash Sharma  , Sridham Sutradhar
Published: January 2025

Cranioplasty, the surgical restoration of cranial defects, has been a crucial procedure in neurosurgery for decades. Titanium mesh has emerged as a popular choice for cranial reconstruction due to biocompatibility and ability to confirm the patient’s unique cranial contours. While generally considered safe, titanium mesh cranioplasty is not without complications. This case report presents a challenging and atypical scenario of a patient who developed flap necrosis following titanium mesh cranioplasty. We aim to highlight the complexity of managing such cases and the importance of timely diagnosis and intervention.
Multiple Pyogenic Liver Abscess
Authors: Achappa Basavaprabhu , Deepak Madi  , Mridula Laxman  , John T Ramapuram  , Nithyananda Chowta  , Sujani Yadlapati  , Soundarya Mahalingam
Published: January 2025

Multiple liver abscess is a life threatening condition with high mortality. We present a case of a 59 yr old gentleman who developed multiple hepatic abscesses due to an appendicular mass. He was treated with parenteral antibiotics and ultrasound guided needle aspiration of the largest abscess was done. He recovered promptly with complete resolution of the liver abscesses. The main aim of this case report is to highlight the fact that multiple pyogenic liver abscesses can be managed with antibiotic treatment and needle aspiration.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i2.8725
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(2) 2014: 137-139
Relation between waist-hip ratio and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Pillaram Raja Reddy  , N Jayarama  , M Madhavi Reddy  , V Mahesh
Published: January 2025

Objective: To observe the relation between waist-hip ratio and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out at R L Jalappa Hospital attached to Sri DevaRaj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar, after a written consent from all the participants. The study includes 505 diabetic patients, in which 336 were males and 169 were females. The waist and hip circumference were measured and the ratio was taken as Waist-Hip ratio and about 5 ml of blood sample was collected and used for the estimation of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-Cholesterol levels by using standard methods. Statistical analysis was done by using independent student t test and Pearson Correlation coefficient was calculated.
Results: The waist hip ratio and lipid profiles were not significantly correlated. In type 2 diabetes male patients showed higher triglycerides (177.96±100.19) with waist hip ratio>0.9, whereas female patients showed less Triglycerides (178.19±99.52) with waist hip ratio >0.8. However these differences were statistically not significant.
Conclusion: Multiple anthropometric parameters are required to correlate lipid profile rather than single parameter in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Along with anthropometric measurements, lipid profile is also need be monitored in type 2 diabetics.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 51-53
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9407
Ringed sideroblasts in HIV infection - A rare phenomenon
Authors: Neha Kawatra Madan
Published: January 2025

No abstract available.
Asian Journal of Medical Science, Volume-5(3) 2014: 123-124
http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i3.9349
Myocardial bridge in a child without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Yadav Shiv Kumar , Xue Zhou  , Ling He  , Qi-jian Yi
Published: January 2025

In children, myocardial bridge is an inborn coronary anomaly and is usually found in the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or left ventricular hypertrophy. Myocardial bridges were long thought to be a benign anatomical variant, even in patients with obstructive and non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However some patients suffer from myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and even sudden cardiac death. In the present report, we describe a 7-year-old girl with the manifestation of recurrent precordial discomfort, and subsequently diagnosed as having an isolated myocardial bridge in the distal segment of left anterior descending coronary artery using 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i4.11785
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(4) 2015 80-82
”Lysets Riddervagt”
Authors: Henschen Daniel
Published: January 2025

Artiklen handler om en række politiske projekter med rod i den danske livsreformbevægelse i årene ca. 1900 til ca. 1940. I disse udgjorde individuelle her-og-nu handlinger så som vegetarisme, naturhelbredelse mv. en fremtidspraksis, hvor udlevelsen af dem var grundlaget for organisationernes politiske arbejde og visioner for et fremtidigt samfund. I nærværende artikel analyseres forskelle og ligheder i den rolle, som den individuelle praksis tildeltes i disse politiske projekter.
"Vi har bara det vatten vi har"
Authors: Andersson Malin , Fredriksson Cecilia
Published: January 2025

Vårt bidrag tar utgångspunkt i hur innovativa avlopps- och vattenhanteringspraktiker samspelar i en urban kontext. Det empiriska materialet har hämtats från ett tvärvetenskapligt forskningsprojekt om innovativ vattenhantering i en stad i Sverige. Artikeln analyserar på ett övergripande plan samtida idéutveckling vad gäller återvinning av avloppsvatten och hur denna idéutveckling producerar olika framtidsvisioner och möjliga framtider. Dessa visioner möter o!a en mer trögrörlig verklighet, inte minst genom de vardagliga praktiker som omgärdar vattenhantering i våra hushåll. Sy!et är att undersöka hur föreställningar om framtid manifesteras och tar sig uttryck genom olika förhållningssätt till vatten som resurs. Vatten är ett livsmedel och tillgång till vatten är ett av de mest grundläggande villkoren för en framtid. Med utgångspunkt i temat “Vatten som resurs” utvecklade projektet en frågelista tillsammans med Folklivsarkivet vid Lunds universitet. Artikeln bygger på svaren från 70 respondenter som reflekterar kring vatten som resurs och deras förhållningssätt till framtiden i utsagorna om sin vattenanvändning.
Fremtidspraktiseringer
Authors: Damsholt Tine , Fritzbøger Bo , Nilsson Fredrik , Jessen Nina Toudal
Published: January 2025

I dette temanummer af tidsskriftet Kulturstudier beskæftiger vi os med, hvordan fremtider praktiseres i nutiden og hvordan de kulturhistorisk har været praktiseret. Praktisering forstås bredt og omfatter både forestillinger og fortællinger om ønskede eller frygtede fremtider og konkrete former for hverdagslig og materiel praksis, der på forskellig vis foregriber eller drager omsorg for og dermed søger eller har søgt at forme en nær eller fjern fremtid.
“Time present and time past are both perhaps present intime future, and time future contained in time past”T.S. Eliot 1936