bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Intensified Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA) for Designing a Solar-Powered BLDC Motor Used in EV Systems
Authors: Radhakrishnan Rajesh Kanna Govindhan , Marimuthu Uthayakumar , Balachandran Praveen Kumar , Shukry Abdul Majid Mohd , Senjyu Tomonobu
Published: October 2022

Recently, due to rapid growth in electric vehicle motors, used and power electronics have received a lot of concerns. 3ϕ induction motors and DC motors are two of the best and most researched electric vehicle (EV) motors. Developing countries have refined their solution with brushless DC (BLDC) motors for EVs. It is challenging to regulate the 3ϕ BLDC motor’s steady state, rising time, settling time, transient, overshoot, and other factors. The system may become unsteady, and the lifetime of the components may be shortened due to a break in control. The marine predator algorithm (MPA) is employed to propose an e-vehicle powered by the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV). The shortcomings of conventional MPPT techniques are addressed by the suggested approach of employing the MPA approach. As an outcome, the modeling would take less iteration to attain the initial stage, boosting the suggested system’s total performance. The PID (proportional integral derivative) is used to govern the speed of BLDC motors. The MPPT approach based on the MPA algorithm surpasses the variation in performance. In this research, the modeling of unique MPPT used in PV-based BLDC motor-driven electric vehicles is discussed. Various aspects, which are uneven sunlight, shade, and climate circumstances, play a part in the low performance in practical scenarios, highlighting the nonlinear properties of PV. The MPPT technique discussed in this paper can be used to increase total productivity and reduce the operating costs for e-vehicles based on the PV framework.
Empowering the Community in the Use of Livestock Waste Biogas as a Sustainable Energy Source
Authors: Sari Ayu Intan , Suwarto Suwarto , Suminah Suminah , Purnomo Sutrisno Hadi
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the process of community empowerment in the use of biogas, as well as to determine the effect of community empowerment on the long-term viability of biogas as a sustainable source of energy. The quantitative descriptive research method was used to evaluate the empowerment program using the logic model approach. Multiple linear regression tests are used to analyze survey data collection techniques and data. In the study, 140 people participated as biogas users of livestock dung who have used biogas for at least one year. The findings revealed an evaluation of community empowerment in the good category input process (3.8), very good category planning (4.08), very good category implementation (4.11), monitoring and medium category assistance (3.49), and output in the good category (3,8). The multiple linear regression test results obtained the value of the equation Y = 3.690 + 0.200X1 + 0.42X2 – 0.38X3 + e. The results of the F test showed the value of Fcount > Ftable (3.061 > 2.67). This study concludes that community empowerment in the use of biogas has been successful and it has an impact on the community’s long-term use of biogas.
Sustainable Development, Regional Planning, and Information Management as an Evolving Theme in Waqf Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Misbah Hanim , Johari Fuadah , Mat Nor Fauzias , Haron Hasnah , Shahwan Syahidawati , Shafii Zurina
Published: October 2022

This study assesses the bibliometric analysis of sustainable waqf development that highlights new topics and provides insightful commentary for the waqf’s strategic growth and ongoing research. This work uses bibliometric analysis to count the number of studies that have been carried out in this domain and determine whether they have advanced knowledge on sustainable waqf development. The study specifically highlights the depth to which academics have investigated these relationships and maps to arrive at a conceptual framework of the area being studied. Bibliometric analysis within 30 years of a publication generally arises in three main areas, namely waqf fundamentals, analysis of cash waqf, as well as studies on the numerous waqf uses in Islamic social finance. Whereas analysis within 107 years shows publications concerning waqf increased after the year 2010, from 2017 onwards, despite the rising number of total publications, total citations decreased. Thus, this study focuses on the current ten years from 2011–2020 and dissects 281 papers to study the dynamic topic for current mass research. Three main areas are highlighted in the early study, namely, sustainable development, regional planning, and information management. At the end of the study, the findings show the state of development and the top trends in influence, as well as the major journals, articles, subjects, authors, and countries. Both scholars and practitioners can benefit from the analysis and graphical presentations since they will be able to better grasp the state of the art of waqf in the experiential and current digital eras.
Accumulative Strain of Sand-Containing Soft Soil Reinforced by Cement and Sodium Silicate under Traffic Loading
Authors: An Lingshi , Chen Junhao , Li Dongwei , Li Peng , Guo Lei , Chen Guanren
Published: October 2022

The accumulative strain of sand-containing soft soil is crucial to the stability of the construction of embankment engineering such as expressways and high-speed railways. However, little attention has been devoted to the accumulative strain of sand-containing soft soil. In the current study, a series of cyclic triaxial tests were performed to investigate the accumulative strain of sand-containing soft soil reinforced by cement and sodium silicate under traffic loading. In addition, the accumulative strain model was proposed to describe the characteristic of accumulative strain. The results show that for the specimens with a high sand content (25%, 30%, and 35%), the accumulative strain increases obviously with the increase of the sand content. For the specimen with a cement content of 3%, the accumulative strain increases distinctly with the increasing loading time. The accumulative strain is strongly influenced by confining pressure. When the repeated cyclic stress amplitude is greater than 0.17 kN, the increase rate of accumulative strain is greater. The shorter the curing time is, the greater the accumulative strain is. The calculated results of the accumulative strain model show a good agreement with test data. Hence, the accumulative strain model can better describe the characteristic of accumulative strain.
A Jurisdictional Assessment of International Fisheries Subsidies Disciplines to Combat Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing
Authors: He Juan
Published: October 2022

Fisheries subsidies regulation lies at the intersection of international fisheries and international trade governance regimes. Although eradicating harmful fisheries subsidies cannot be a panacea for illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing, it is an essential first step to confront the problem head-on. The multilateral Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies, adopted by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in June 2022, provides an impetus for sovereign states to steer fisheries subsidies reform towards commonly agreed legality, sustainability and transparency benchmarks. This legal and policy investigation aims to give increased attention to the ultimate responsibility of national governments to exercise active fisheries jurisdiction over the identification and sanction of IUU fishing activities. With or without WTO prior judgements, a level of jurisdictional coherence is warranted to trigger a comprehensive and effective ban on IUU fisheries subsidies in as timely a manner as possible.
User Performance in Virtual Reality Environments: The Capability of Immersive Virtual Reality Systems in Enhancing User Spatial Awareness and Producing Consistent Design Results
Authors: Azarby Sahand , Rice Arthur
Published: October 2022

Spatial decision-making in different virtual environments may vary based on the levels of spatial awareness experienced within Virtual Reality (VR) systems. Features and characteristics of VR systems may act as facilitators or distractors of spatial awareness, which can result in extreme variations in user spatial decisions. This research explored the capability of an Immersive Virtual Reality Interactive Environment (IVRIE) and a desktop-based VR (DT system) in reducing extreme variations in spatial decisions and inconsistent design results. Users’ spatial decisions, performance, and design results in both systems were studied regarding the impact of these two systems’ features on users, including the sense of immersion, types of interaction, and usage of eye-level view in spatial designs. The design results produced in both systems were compared considering the types of enclosure, surface texture, scale, and spatial function. Descriptive and inferential statistical comparisons and testing using quantitative and qualitative data were applied to determine participants’ performance regarding the production of spatial outliers in each system. The results showed that IVRIE was more effective than the DT system fostering a consistency of space sizes and reducing outliers.
Review of Life Cycle Assessments for Steel and Environmental Analysis of Future Steel Production Scenarios
Authors: Suer Julian , Traverso Marzia , Jäger Nils
Published: October 2022

The steel industry is focused on reducing its environmental impact. Using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, the impacts of the primary steel production via the blast furnace route and the scrap-based secondary steel production via the EAF route are assessed. In order to achieve environmentally friendly steel production, breakthrough technologies have to be implemented. With a shift from primary to secondary steel production, the increasing steel demand is not met due to insufficient scrap availability. In this paper, special focus is given on recycling methodologies for metals and steel. The decarbonization of the steel industry requires a shift from a coal-based metallurgy towards a hydrogen and electricity-based metallurgy. Interim scenarios like the injection of hydrogen and the use of pre-reduced iron ores in a blast furnace can already reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions up to 200 kg CO2/t hot metal. Direct reduction plants combined with electrical melting units/furnaces offer the opportunity to minimize GHG emissions. The results presented give guidance to the steel industry and policy makers on how much renewable electric energy is required for the decarbonization of the steel industry.
Data-Driven Low-Carbon Control Method of Machining Process—Taking Axle as an Example
Authors: Wang Nan , Yang Quan , Zhang Cuixia
Published: October 2022

It is an inevitable trend of enterprise development to optimize the low-carbon machining process and reduce the carbon emissions generated by this system. The traditional quality-based manufacturing method is no longer suitable for today’s concept of sustainable development. Therefore, a data-driven method based on uncertainty evaluation for low-carbon control in machining processes is proposed. Firstly, the framework for the data-driven method was established, then the data collection for the input and output in the machining process was carried out. Secondly, by establishing the carbon emission data model and analyzing data with carbon emission uncertainty evaluation indicators during processing, the carbon emission optimization strategy was proposed. Finally, axle processing technology was applied to the experimental verification, exploring the uncertainty of emissions finishing machining steps and other work sequences, while carrying out targeted strategy optimization, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. The results show that the uncertainty of each process is reduced after optimization. This study provides theoretical and methodological support for promoting low-carbon emissions for manufacturing enterprises.
Rural Living Environment Governance: A Survey and Comparison between Two Villages in Henan Province of China
Authors: Xiao Cuicui , Zhou Jingbo , Shen Xingxing , Cullen Jonathan , Dobson Susie , Meng Fanran , Wang Xiaoxia
Published: October 2022

Rural living environment governance is an issue of great importance in global economic development. It is also a significant facet of the rural revitalization strategy pursued by the Chinese government. Henan Province is a major agricultural province in the inland Central Plains region and is one of the most populous provinces in China. In this study, we take two villages in the underdeveloped areas of Henan Province in central China as case studies. We use field investigations and in-depth interviews to analyze the feelings of farmers in the case study villages towards the efforts to improve the rural environment, and explored the factors that affect levels of satisfaction with the rural living environment from the perspective of grassroots governance. The results showed that there were significant differences in the perceptions and satisfaction levels of rural residents in the two villages. The grassroots government has great influence over the rural human settlement environment, and its deployment capacities and management level are the key factors that affect overall levels of farmer satisfaction. China’s experience in improving rural human settlements provides reference for rural governance in other developing countries and regions around the world.
Exploring the Scope of Public Participation for Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning in Nepal: A Policy Review
Authors: Sharma Ashrika , Donovan Katherine , Krishnamurthy Sukanya , Creed Maggie
Published: October 2022

Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning (RSLUP), a process that has implications for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) as well as Urban Planning and Development, requires the participation of the public and wider stakeholders. Public participation has been conceptualized in Nepal’s disaster governance after the country transitioned into a federal democracy. It has undergone decentralization as part of the federal reform process, including its undertakings towards DRR. However, it remains unclear what this redistribution of authority means for public participation in relation to RSLUP. It is important to ask whether the current institutional set up and policy instruments are conducive for public participation. Therefore, this article examines how participation is construed within relevant federal and local policies in Nepal. The article presents a thematic analysis of leading policy instruments. The research reveals that participation emerges as a constitutional principle but the concept of participation itself is characterised by definitional ambiguity. Although most policies encourage the creation of spaces for public participation, this research reveals that these spaces are limited in implementation and impact. Lack of clear guidelines on how to design and implement public participation can hinder effective practice. Non-binding language within policy documents makes it difficult to understand the intended outcome of participation. This paper illustrates the extent to which participation has become a malleable construct that can have repercussions for ways in which RSLUP is enacted and enforced, in both Nepal and other countries who share similar socio-political context.
Modeling Impacts of COVID-19 in Supply Chain Activities: A Grey-DEMATEL Approach
Authors: Karuppiah Koppiahraj , Sankaranarayanan Bathrinath , Ali Syed Mithun
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify and exhibit the interrelationships among COVID-19’s impacts on supply chain activities. Based on a literature review and the manager’s input, twenty COVID-19 impacts were collected. An integrated approach of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and grey-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (G-DEMATEL) was used to reveal the causal interrelationships among the COVID-19 impacts. Initially, a questionnaire survey was administered among 220 respondents for EFA. Based on the outcome of EFA, the twenty COVID-19 impacts were categorized into seven critical areas. Then, based on the experts’ inputs, G-DEMATEL was utilized to reveal the causal interrelationships among various COVID-19 impacts. The results indicate that disruption management, relationship management, and production management are the top three critical areas that need to be addressed in the COVID-19 crisis. Disruption in supply, ripple effect on supply chain operations, and obsolescence of machines were found to be the most influential impacts while disproportionateness between supply and demand, difficulty in demand forecasting, and reduced cash inflow were found to be the most influenced impacts. This study’s outcomes will help policymakers and supply chain managers develop strategies to restructure supply chain networks. This study is an original contribution to the analysis of COVID-19 impacts in the supply chain activities in India due to the use of EFA and G-DEMATEL. This study considers India only, and hence, the outcomes lack generalizability. A study considering multiple developing countries could generalize these findings.
The Potential of Using Bisr Date Powder as a Novel Ingredient in Beef Burgers: The Effect on Chemical Composition, Cooking Properties, Microbial Analysis, and Organoleptic Properties
Authors: Alqahtan Nashi K. , Makki Hattim Makki Mohamed , Mohamed Hisham Abdel-Monem , Alnemr Tareq Morad M. , Al-Senaien Waleed Ali , Al-Ali Saeed Abdullah Mohammed , Ahmed Abdelrahman R.
Published: October 2022

Overproduction of date fruits with limited industrial utilization leads to huge waste and losses, especially in bisr (the first stage of date maturity). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential of using bisr date powder (BDP), which is rich in dietary fiber, flavonoids, and phenolic and antioxidant compounds, as a replacement for breadcrumbs in the beef burgers. The beef burger samples were produced by replacing breadcrumb powder with different concentration levels of BDP (0.0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). All the samples were evaluated for their quality characteristics, including chemical composition, cooking properties, texture profile, organoleptic characteristics, and microbial profile. The results revealed that the gradual replacement of breadcrumbs with BDP in beef burgers significantly decreased moisture, protein, and lipid contents and significantly increased ash and carbohydrate contents compared to the control. The substitution of breadcrumbs with BDP at 50, 75, and 100% significantly decreased the cooking yield and increased the cooking loss and shrinking percentage of a beef burger. On the other hand, the textural profile of all beef burger samples showed a significant decrease in burgers’ hardness, gumminess, and chewiness with increasing substitution levels of breadcrumbs by BDP compared to the control. However, the treatment containing 25% BDP was more resilient than the control. In addition, the replacement of breadcrumbs with BDP up to 100% did not significantly affect the organoleptic properties of beef burger products compared to the control. Moreover, the microbiological analysis revealed that all beef burger treatments were safe with acceptable levels of bacterial load according to the Council of the European Communities’ standard specifications. In conclusion, there is a possibility of using BDP as a promising natural replacer of breadcrumbs to produce beef burgers without deteriorating the quality profile and safety of the product.
Production, Use and Recycling of Fruit Cultivating Bags in China
Authors: Yang Hongguang , Gu Fengwei , Wu Feng , Wang Bokai , Shi Lili , Hu Zhichao
Published: October 2022

Preharvest bagging is a key agricultural technology in the process of the growth and development of young fruits. It can effectively improve the appearance quality of fruits, reduce pesticide residues on the surface of fruits and prevent pests and birds from harming fruits. China is one of the world’s major fruit producers. It is also the country that uses the most fruit cultivating bags. At present, the fruit cultivating bags used in Chinese orchards are mostly paper. Ways to recycle and reuse the waste fruit cultivating bags should be paid attention to. Therefore, this paper comprehensively uses the methods of data analysis and literature research to summarize and analyze. The data mainly comes from the China Rural Statistical Yearbook, a national public service platform for standard information, China’s national knowledge internet and the web of science. The topics discussed include the current situation of fruit production in China, the overview of fruit bagging technology, the production and use of fruit cultivating bags and the recycling strategy of waste fruit cultivating bags. It is hoped that this study can provide some references to the development of fruit bagging technology and the resource reuse and recycling of waste fruit cultivating bags in China and the world in the future.
Identifying Measures of Effective Risk Management for Public–Private Partnership Infrastructure Projects in Developing Countries
Authors: Mazher Khwaja Mateen , Chan Albert P. C. , Choudhry Rafiq M. , Zahoor Hafiz , Edwards David J. , Ghaithan Ahmed M. , Mohammed Awsan , Aziz Mubashir
Published: October 2022

The inadequate risk management of public–private partnership (PPP) projects is a principal cause of project distress or failure. This research seeks to identify and empirically validate measures of effective risk management (ERM) in the context of PPPs in a developing country, a subject that has received scant attention in the extant literature. The research is based on a comprehensive literature review, expert interviews and a questionnaire survey. Mean score ranking and factor analysis were employed to rank and group the identified measures, respectively. Tests were performed to determine the respondents’ agreement and establish the reliability and validity of the survey instrument. Analysis results indicate that all identified measures are important, are distributed over the entire project’s life cycle and exhibit a multi-organizational focus. The most significant measures focus on PPP-specific artifacts and procurement activities that are vital for ERM. Factor analysis established six critical underlying dimensions for the ERM of PPP projects. The extracted factors generally acknowledge the need for expert public- and private-sector project stakeholders with mature organizational structures, business processes and relevant experience to successfully handle and deliver PPP projects. Furthermore, a comprehensive PPP policy and sound legal and regulatory frameworks are essential for supporting the ERM of PPP projects. The findings will enable a better understanding of factors that influence the quality and outcomes of risk management efforts and promote sustainable infrastructure development via PPPs, where the success of a project strongly relies on positively managing a project’s risks in the economic and the social domains.
Deep USRNet Reconstruction Method Based on Combined Attention Mechanism
Authors: Chen Long , Zhang Shuiping , Wang Haihui , Ma Pengjia , Ma Zhiwei , Duan Gonghao
Published: October 2022

Single image super-resolution (SISR) based on deep learning is a key research problem in the field of computer vision. However, existing super-resolution reconstruction algorithms often improve the quality of image reconstruction through a single network depth, ignoring the problems of reconstructing image texture structure and easy overfitting of network training. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep unfolding super-resolution network (USRNet) reconstruction method under the integrating channel attention mechanism, which is expected to improve the image resolution and restore the high-frequency information of the image. Thus, the image appears sharper. First, by assigning different weights to features, focusing on more important features and suppressing unimportant features, the details such as image edges and textures are better recovered, and the generalization ability is improved to cope with more complex scenes. Then, the CA (Channel Attention) module is added to USRNet, and the network depth is increased to better express high-frequency features; multi-channel mapping is introduced to extract richer features and enhance the super-resolution reconstruction effect of the model. The experimental results show that the USRNet with integrating channel attention has a faster convergence rate, is not prone to overfitting, and can be converged after 10,000 iterations; the average peak signal-to-noise ratios on the Set5 and Set12 datasets after the side length enlarged by two times are, respectively, 32.23 dB and 29.72 dB, and are dramatically improved compared with SRCNN, SRMD, PAN, and RCAN. The algorithm can generate high-resolution images with clear outlines, and the super-resolution effect is better.
Growth Trends and Heterogeneity of Total Factor Productivity in Nine Pan-PRD Provinces in China
Authors: Ye Ying , Yan Shiping , Zhu Shaoying
Published: October 2022

As a national regional development strategy and a vital region of the Belt and Road Initiative, the sustainable development of the Pan-Pearl River Delta (Pan-PRD) region is of great importance. The national development plan emphasizes improving total factor productivity (TFP) and promoting high-quality economic development. This paper uses the DEA-Malmquist index model to measure the TFP of nine provinces in the Pan-PRD region based on inter-provincial panel data from 2003 to 2020. Furthermore, it analyzes its growth trend and heterogeneity characteristics in the inter-provincial spatial, industrial, and city dimensions. The results show that in the time dimension, TFP shows a W-shaped fluctuation trend, technical efficiency grows slowly, and technical progress is the pillar of TFP improvement. The spatial dimension shows a high distribution in the center and low distribution in the south. On the industry dimension, the TFP is in descending order as follows: tertiary industry—secondary industry—primary industry. The spatial distribution is heterogeneous, exacerbating the uneven economic development within the region, and the regional industrial structure needs urgent optimization. The spatial development of city TFP is uneven, and the number of cities with a TFP below 1 is increasing. Finally, we suggest policies to accelerate regional collaborative innovation, cultivate advantageous industrial clusters, create an advantageous industrial ecosystem, and achieve sustainable development in the Pan-PRD region.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Leadership and Ethical Climate on Public Service Motivation in Korea and China: Moderating Role of Confucian Values
Authors: Lee Hyo Joo , Min Kyoung Ryoul , Kim Min Young , Park Sung Min
Published: October 2022

Public administration has recently seen paradigm shifts to integrate and enhance public value. Regardless of the focus on innovation and organizational performance in government, the public sector must foster public values. Although studies to identify important determinants of public service motivation (PSM) have been conducted, there has been little scholarly inquiry into the influence of leadership, organizational climate, and Confucian values on public management. Employing the theoretical lenses of social learning and social identity theories, this study examines the influences of entrepreneurial leadership, an ethical climate, and Confucian values on PSM. A total of 1215 Korean and 552 Chinese public employees were surveyed to test direct and moderating effects through multivariate regression, showing that entrepreneurial leadership (EL) has positive effects on societally driven PSM in both countries, but its effects on policymaking-oriented PSM depends on the country. An ethical climate is positively associated with policymaking-oriented PSM in Korea, but with societally driven PSM in China. Confucian values positively influence PSM in both countries except for societally driven PSM in Korea. Contrary to our hypotheses, a moderating role of Confucian values does not hold in either country. The article outlines the theoretical and practical implications of this study and directions for future research.
Influence of Modified Urea Compounds to Improve Nitrogen Use Efficiency under Corn Growth System
Authors: Swify Samar , Avizienyte Dovile , Mazeika Romas , Braziene Zita
Published: October 2022

Adopting new practices is an imperative need to increase the efficiency of nitrogen use (NUE), especially in selecting appropriate N-fertilizer sources and application doses. Regretfully, conventional urea’s ability to supply nitrogen to soils is quickly lost as a result of volatilization, leaching, and denitrification. Thus, this study’s main aim was to use various modified urea compounds with different doses and investigate their effect on mineral nitrogen release in the soil to improve nitrogen uptake and its use efficiency under the corn growth system. The field trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) by 28 experimental plots. Seven treatments including a control (C), urea (U100 and U200), urea + potassium humate (UPH100 and UPH200), and urea cocrystal (UC100 and UC200) with four replicates were used. The results reported that the treatments significantly (p < 0.05) affected grain yields. The urea treatments (U100 = 100 kg N ha−1, U200 = 200 kg N ha−1) increased the grain yields by 7.16% and 30.53%, respectively, compared to the control (C), while the urea + potassium humate treatments (UPH100 = 100 kg N ha−1, UPH200 = 200 kg N ha−1) and urea cocrystal treatments (UC100 = 100 kg N ha−1, UC200 = 200 kg N ha−1) provided a 30.51, 50.47, 39.23, and 56.63% increase in grain yields, respectively, compared to the control. The treatments had significant (p ≤ 0.05) effects on the fresh leaves and stems yield and the dry matter, fresh cob, and dry cob yields. Moreover, the use of modified urea as urea + potassium humate and urea cocrystal at high rates of 200 kg N ha−1 showed highly significant (p < 001) effects on the uptake in grain, stems, and total nitrogen uptake by corn compared to the control and urea alone. This study highlighted that modified urea fertilizers such as urea + potassium humate and urea cocrystal were better than conventional urea to improve corn yield productivity and N use efficiency.
Predictors of Entrepreneurial Intention among High School Students in South Korea
Authors: Kim Min-Sun , Huruta Andrian Dolfriandra , Lee Cheng-Wen
Published: October 2022

According to the theory of planned behavior, the goal of this research is to evaluate the connections between perceived entrepreneurial capacity, perceived social norm, attitude toward entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurial intention. It also examines the mediating effect of the educational environment on these connections. Based on the conceptual structure of the theory, this research study was organized to explore how the conception of the theory works in the case of Korean students and to further assess the role of the educational environment in the course of its operation. At Mirae High School of Science and Technology, eighty-nine respondents were used for the statistical analysis. One model was chosen to explore this research concept, namely, variance-based structural equation modeling (VB-SEM). All of the direct hypotheses are supported except the indirect hypothesis. The perceived entrepreneurial capacity positively influences entrepreneurial intention. The perceived social norm positively influences entrepreneurial intention. Additionally, a positive attitude toward entrepreneurship influences the intention to engage in it. The indirect effect is not in line with the expected hypothesis. The research’s findings contribute to the literature review by adding another empirical confirmation (educational environment’s role) from South Korean students’ viewpoint. It offers useful information and provides students with entrepreneurial skills. This research also contributes to the advancement of knowledge in relation to the predictors of entrepreneurship in students, and it could help governments to make decisions on entrepreneurship. Moreover, it highlights the direction in which a government or policymaker can take to pursue entrepreneurship and its education.
Recovery of Valuable Metals from Spent LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Cathode Materials Using Compound Leaching Agents of Sulfuric Acid and Oxalic Acid
Authors: Yang Chunyuan , Wang Jiawei , Yang Pan , He Yue , Wang Song , Zhao Pingyuan , Wang Haifeng
Published: October 2022

The recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries is beneficial to protect the environment and avoid resource depletion. Based on the synergistic effect of the reducing ability of oxalic acid and the acidic strength of sulfuric acid, this study was conducted to recover valuable metals from spent LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 lithium-ion battery cathode materials with the compound leaching agents of sulfuric acid and oxalic acid. Under the optimized conditions of sulfuric acid concentration at 2.5 mol·L−1, oxalic acid concentration at 20 g·L−1, liquid-to-solid ratio at 10 mL·g−1, reaction temperature at 85 °C, and reaction time at 100 min, the leaching rate of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn measured by ICP-OES was, respectively, 99.26%, 98.41%, 96.95%, and 97.54%. It was further validated that the valuable metals were almost completely leached when combined with the XRD and SEM-EDS analysis of spent cathode materials before and after leaching. The leaching of Li, Ni, Co, and Mn was all in accordance with the Avrami model with their activation energies of 31.96 kJ·mol−1, 41.01 kJ·mol−1, 47.57 kJ·mol−1, and 42.95 kJ·mol−1, indicating that the diffusion was the control of the Li leaching process, and the surface chemical reaction was the control of the other three metals. This work provides a new idea and method for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries.
Whey as a Carrier Material for Blueberry Bioactive Components: Incorporation in White Chocolate
Authors: Jovanović Petar , Pajin Biljana , Lončarić Ante , Jozinović Antun , Petrović Jovana , Fišteš Aleksandar , Zarić Danica , Tumbas Šaponjac Vesna , Ačkar Đurđica , Lončarević Ivana
Published: October 2022

White chocolate is considered an unhealthier product than dark and milk chocolate due to the absence of cocoa solids containing polyphenols and other valuable components such as minerals and dietary fiber. This paper aimed to improve the nutritional value of white chocolate (C) by adding blueberry bioactive compounds. Since natural polyphenols are easily degradable because of their sensitivity, whey, as a rich source of proteins, was used as a material for encapsulating blueberry juice. Whey proteins protect blueberry anthocyanins and increase their bioaccessibility in the human body. Blueberry juice encapsulates (B) were added to white chocolate, replacing 8% (C-B8) and 10% (C-B10) of white chocolate mass. Blueberry encapsulates significantly (p < 0.05) increased the viscosity of chocolates (from 0.63 Pa·s in C to 1.13 Pa·s in C-B8 and 1.40 Pa·s in C-B10) with no significant impact on their melting peak. Both enriched chocolates had significantly (p < 0.05) higher protein and dietary fiber content and lower fat content than white chocolate. The total polyphenol content increased 3.7-fold, while antioxidant capacity increased 5.2-fold in C-B10. The oxidation stability, determined by pressurized accelerated oxidation, was also improved in enriched chocolates. Blueberry juice encapsulated in whey positively influenced the color and sensory characteristics of fortified white chocolates, where C-B10 had higher sensory scores for blueberry odor and taste than C-B8. The obtained results open up a possible pathway and indicate opportunities and limitations for the incorporation of other materials, such as various dietary/fruit components, in white chocolate.
The Race to Zero Emissions in MINT Economies: Can Economic Growth, Renewable Energy and Disintegrated Trade Be the Path to Carbon Neutrality?
Authors: Adebayo Tomiwa Sunday , Ağa Mehmet
Published: October 2022

The current paper evaluates the role of disintegrated trade, financial development, and renewable energy on consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2) in MINT nations between 1990Q1 and 2019Q4. This paper utilizes the novel Bootstrap Fourier Granger causality in quantiles (BFGC-Q) to evaluate this connection. This approach produces tail-causal and asymmetric causal connections between the indicators within the Fourier approximation, contrary to the Toda–Yamamoto causality and other conventional Granger tests. The outcomes uncover a unidirectional causality from economic growth and renewable energy to CCO2 emissions in each MINT nation. Moreover, unidirectional causality emerged from financial development to CCO2 for Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey. Moreover, exports have predictive power over CCO2 in Indonesia, Turkey, and Mexico, while imports only have predictive power over CCO2 emissions in Turkey. Lastly, financial development causes CCO2 in Indonesia, Nigeria, and Mexico. In summary, green energy and exports are essential factors that decrease CCO2 emissions and therefore decrease ecological deterioration in Mexico, Indonesia, and Turkey. On the flip side, imports only trigger CCO2 emissions in Turkey and Mexico. Lastly, the financial development effect on CCO2 emissions is positive in Mexico, Indonesia, and Nigeria, while an insignificant impact is found in Turkey. Based on these findings, policy ramifications are initiated.
Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid Improved Growth, Yield, Quality and Photosynthesis of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) by Improving Antioxidant Defense Mechanism under Saline Conditions
Authors: Naz Safina , Bilal Ahmer , Saddiq Bushra , Ejaz Shaghef , Ali Sajid , Ain Haider Sakeena Tul , Sardar Hasan , Nasir Bushra , Ahmad Ishtiaq , Tiwari Rahul Kumar , Lal Milan Kumar , Shakoor Awais , Alyemeni Mohammed Naseer , Mushtaq Naveed , Altaf Muhammad Ahsan
Published: October 2022

Pea is an important legume crop because of its higher bioactive compounds, and its seeds are famous as functional foods. However, the yield of pea is still limited because of multiple biotic and abiotic stresses which prevailed during the growth period. Saline conditions significantly hamper pea growth, yield, and quality among abiotic stresses. Salicylic acid is effective for the activation of oxidative, non-oxidative, osmolytes, and metabolites. Hence, the present study was conducted at exogenous application of salicylic acid (control, 1 µM, 2 µM, and 3 µM) to mitigate the adverse effects of salt stress (control, 25 mM, 50 mM, and 100 mM NaCl) in pea plants grown in the year 2019–2020. The aim of the present study was to evaluate pea performance under saline conditions by salicylic acid sprays. Pea growth and yield were significantly decreased at 100 mM NaCl compared with the control and other salinity levels. Moreover, the growth and yield of pea were improved under exogenous application of salicylic acid treatment at 3 µM than others. Quality traits, i.e., carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and phenolic content, were decreased at 100 mM NaCl, and these quality traits were significantly improved under salicylic acid treatment of 3 µM. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were reduced at 100 mM NaCl. In contrast, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were enhanced at 3 µM salicylic acid. The increases in SOD, CAT, POD, and APX were observed at 100 mM NaCl and 3 µM salicylic acid. The current study proved that exogenous application of salicylic acid concentrations had the potential to mitigate the salinity’s adverse effects by maintaining the physiological and metabolic activities of pea plants.
PSG-Yolov5: A Paradigm for Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition Algorithm Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Hu Jie , Wang Zhanbin , Chang Minjie , Xie Lihao , Xu Wencai , Chen Nan
Published: October 2022

With the gradual popularization of autonomous driving technology, how to obtain traffic sign information efficiently and accurately is very important for subsequent decision-making and planning tasks. Traffic sign detection and recognition (TSDR) algorithms include color-based, shape-based, and machine learning based. However, the algorithms mentioned above are insufficient for traffic sign detection tasks in complex environments. In this paper, we propose a traffic sign detection and recognition paradigm based on deep learning algorithms. First, to solve the problem of insufficient spatial information in high-level features of small traffic signs, the parallel deformable convolution module (PDCM) is proposed in this paper. PDCM adaptively acquires the corresponding receptive field preserving the integrity of the abstract information through symmetrical branches thereby improving the feature extraction capability. Simultaneously, we propose sub-pixel convolution attention module (SCAM) based on the attention mechanism to alleviate the influence of scale distribution. Distinguishing itself from other feature fusion, our proposed method can better focus on the information of scale distribution through the attention module. Eventually, we introduce GSConv to further reduce the computational complexity of our proposed algorithm, better satisfying industrial application. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed methods can effectively improve performance, both in detection accuracy and mAP@0.5. Specifically, when the proposed PDCM, SCAM, and GSConv are applied to the Yolov5, it achieves 89.2% mAP@0.5 in TT100K, which exceeds the benchmark network by 4.9%.
Coefficient-Related Studies and Fekete-Szegö Type Inequalities for New Classes of Bi-Starlike and Bi-Convex Functions
Authors: Cotîrlǎ Luminiţa-Ioana , Wanas Abbas Kareem
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we define certain families SE*(ϑ) and CE(ϑ) of holomorphic and bi-univalent functions which are defined in the open unit disk U. We establish upper bounds for the initial Taylor–Maclaurin coefficients and Fekete–Szegö type inequalities for functions in these families.
Recent Synergies of Machine Learning and Neurorobotics: A Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis
Authors: Lin Chien-Liang , Zhu Yu-Hui , Cai Wang-Hui , Su Yu-Sheng
Published: October 2022

Over the past decade, neurorobotics-integrated machine learning has emerged as a new methodology to investigate and address related problems. The combined use of machine learning and neurorobotics allows us to solve problems and find explanatory models that would not be possible with traditional techniques, which are basic within the principles of symmetry. Hence, neuro-robotics has become a new research field. Accordingly, this study aimed to classify existing publications on neurorobotics via content analysis and knowledge mapping. The study also aimed to effectively understand the development trend of neurorobotics-integrated machine learning. Based on data collected from the Web of Science, 46 references were obtained, and bibliometric data from 2013 to 2021 were analyzed to identify the most productive countries, universities, authors, journals, and prolific publications in neurorobotics. CiteSpace was used to visualize the analysis based on co-citations, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence. The study also used keyword network analysis to discuss the current status of research in this field and determine the primary core topic network based on cluster analysis. Through the compilation and content analysis of specific bibliometric analyses, this study provides a specific explanation for the knowledge structure of the relevant subject area. Finally, the implications and future research context are discussed as references for future research.
Some Aspects of Hyperatom Elements in Ordered Semihyperrings
Authors: Kou Zheng , Gheisari Mehdi , Hila Kostaq , Abbasizadeh Nategh
Published: October 2022

In this paper, first, we state an operator LR on an ordered semihyperring R. We show that if φ:R⟶T is a monomorphism and K⊆R, then LT(φ(K))=φ(LR(K)). Afterward, hyperatom elements in ordered semihyperrings are defined and some results in this respect are investigated. Denote by A(R) the set of all hyperatoms of R. We prove that if R is a finite ordered semihyperring and |R|≥2, then for any q∈R\{0}, there exists hq∈A*(R)=A(R)\{0} such that hq≤q. Finally, we study the LR-graph of an ordered semihyperring and give some examples. Furthermore, we show that if φ:R⟶T is an isomorphism, G is the LR-graph of R and G′ is the LT-graph of T, then G≅G′.
Some Companions of Fejér-Type Inequalities for Harmonically Convex Functions
Authors: Latif Muhammad Amer
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we present some mappings defined over 0,1 related to the Fejér-type inequalities that have been established for harmonically convex functions. As a consequence, we obtain companions of Fejér-type inequalities for harmonically convex functions by using these mappings. Properties of these mappings are discussed, and consequently, we obtain refinement inequalities of some known results.
Stability and Sensitivity Analysis of the COVID-19 Spread with Comorbid Diseases
Authors: Nainggolan Jonner , Ansori Moch. Fandi
Published: October 2022

This research investigates a model of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia by paying attention to comorbid disease, self-quarantine, government-provided quarantine, and vaccination factors. The symmetrical aspects of the model are studied. The evaluation of the model reveals non-endemic and endemic equilibrium points and the basic reproduction number (BRN). We provide the local and global stability analysis of the equilibriums. According to the sensitivity analysis of the BRN, the key parameters impacting the spread of COVID-19 are the susceptible recruitment rate, contact rate, infection death rate, and probability of infected individuals having no comorbidities. In addition, we provide a sensitivity analysis to examine the effect of parameter changes in each subpopulation. We discovered that the natural death rate is the most sensitive parameter based on the sensitivity index after reaching equilibrium. Symmetry aspects appear in some of the visualizations of the model’s solution and the sensitivity of the BRN and parameters.
New Contractive Mappings and Solutions to Boundary-Value Problems in Triple Controlled Metric Type Spaces
Authors: Azmi Fatima M.
Published: October 2022

In this study, we utilize the notion of triple controlled metric type space that preserves the symmetry property, which is a generalization of b-metric-type spaces, to prove new fixed-point results. We introduce (α-F)-contractive mappings and Θ-contractive mappings on triple controlled metric type space settings. Then, we establish the existence and uniqueness of fixed-point results on complete triple controlled metric type space. Moreover, some examples and applications to boundary-value problems of the fourth-order differential equation are presented to display the usage of the obtained result.