bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magritte and Cultural Capital: The Surreal World of Anthony Browne
Authors: Hateley Erica
Published: August 2009

Anthony Browne is firmly established in the contemporary canon of picture books. At least in part, his popularity can be attributed to a perceived cultural egalitarianism performed and promoted by his books. This paper argues that, in contradiction with a surface ideology of access to art for all, Browne’s sustained visual references to paintings by Magritte work actually to affirm cultural hierarchies that should more rightly be challenged. Browne’s uses of surrealism generally and Magritte specifically thus rest on a passive ideology of cultural capital being available only to those already familiar with Browne’s work.
The Cinderella-Makers: Postwar Adolescent Girl Fiction as Commodity Tales
Authors: Allen Amanda K.
Published: August 2009

Postwar/Cold War “commodity tales” were adolescent girl romance novels produced by a powerful female network, and aimed at the teenage girl consumer of the 1940s through 1960s. This paper focuses on two representative commodity tales, Betty Cavanna’s Going on Sixteen (1946), and Mary Stolz’s Rosemary (1955), examining them as Cinderella case studies. Analyzing these texts against Bourdieu’s theories of distinction reveals the magical power embedded in each protagonist’s purchase of a “Right Dress,” while Irigaray’s theory of women as commodities further demonstrates that the “Right Dress” fosters both a female rivalry and a paradoxical alternative to patriarchy.
Stamping the Coin of Character: Elsie Dinsmore and the Power of Christian Wealth
Authors: Stallcup Jackie E.
Published: August 2009

With the 1867 novel Elsie Dinsmore (and seven of its many sequels), author Martha Finley explores the power wielded by Christian women who have access to money, the capability of controlling that money, and the charitable impulse to spread it around to those in need. Through Christian largesse tempered by the rational handling of money that she is taught as a child, Elsie has a powerful impact in the post-–Civil War rebuilding of the South. With Elsie’s distribution of her vast wealth, Finley suggests that Christian women could re-unite the states.
Physical Properties of Metals and Alloys from Cryogenic to Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Eldridge E. A. , Deem H. W.
Published: August 2009

Publications containing the mechanical properties of metals are becoming widely used as a quick reference to material properties by engineers and research personnel. There is also a need for similar publications containing the physical properties, such as specific heat, thermal conductivity, and linear expansion. This publication, prepared by Battelle Memorial Institute, under the auspices of the Data and Publications Panel of the ASTM-ASME Joint Committee on Effect of Temperature on the Properties of Metals, is a compilation of physical-property data of six metals and their alloy systems. The metals covered are aluminum, cobalt, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, and nickel and their alloys. Titanium and titanium alloys were not included because a compilation has already been completed by Defense Metals Information Center in “The Physical Properties of Titanium and Titanium Alloys”, TML 73, PB121629. The properties included are thermal conductivity, linear thermal expansion, specific heat, electrical resistivity, density, emissivity, diffusivity, and magnetic permeability. Emphasis has been given to data over a range from cryogenic (−457 F) to elevated temperatures (4500 F). Data contained in this report came principally from data sheets supplied by companies and organizations who responded to a survey by the Data and Publications Panel, trade bulletins, published technical literature, and U. S. Government publications. It is obviously impossible to locate and include all existing physical-property data in a survey publication. It is considered, however, that the data presented do cover the field adequately and are sufficient to describe the metals and alloys included. All data were reduced to English units and transposed to uniform data sheets. The data were organized according to increasing principal alloying elements into the general alloy groups as listed in the Table of Contents. An effort was made in reducing and plotting the data to maintain the interpretations intended by the authors of the original articles. All data sheets are numbered, and this number is the data sheet (D.S.) number shown on the corresponding curve.
cAMP pulsing of denuded mouse oocytes increases meiotic resumption via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase
Authors: Chen Jing , Chi Maggie M , Moley Kelle H , Downs Stephen M
Published: August 2009

cAMP plays a critical role in the control of oocyte maturation, as a high level of cAMP maintains oocyte arrest at the first meiotic prophase. Yet this study shows that pulsing meiotically arrested denuded oocytes (DO) with cAMP induces oocyte maturation through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (PRKA). Short-term (3 h) pulsing of meiotically arrested oocytes with forskolin, an adenyl cyclase (AC) activator, increased oocyte cAMP, led to elevated AMP, and induced oocyte meiotic resumption compared to oocytes continuously cultured in the control medium with or without forskolin. Western analysis showed that germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes after forskolin pulsing contained increased levels of phospho-acetyl CoA carboxylase (pACACA), a primary substrate of PRKA. Pulsing oocytes with the phosphodiesterase (PDE)-sensitive cAMP analog, 8-bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP), also increased pACACA and pPRKA levels in GV-stage oocytes and induced oocyte meiotic resumption. Moreover, the PRKA inhibitors, compound C and araA, prevented 8-Br-cAMP pulsing-induced maturation. The lack of effect on meiotic induction and PRKA activation when oocytes were pulsed with the PDE-resistant activators of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Sp-cAMP-AM and Sp-5,6-DCI-cBIMPS, suggests that cAMP degradation is required for pulsing-induced maturation. Pulsing oocytes with the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac)-specific activator, 8-CPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP, had no stimulatory effect on oocyte maturation, suggesting Epac is not involved in the pulsing-induced maturation. Taken together, these data support the idea that a transient increase in oocyte cAMP can induce meiotic resumption via activation of PRKA.
Comparison of the Performances of Wild Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae) Individuals Proceeding From Different Hosts
Authors: Medeiros-Santana Luanda , Zucoloto Fernando S
Published: August 2009

Feeding during the insect immature phase is extremely important for an adequate performance in adult life. The nutritional value of the ingested diet during the immature phase directly affects the percentage of emergence, the duration of the immature phase, and the size of the emerging adults. The objectives of this study were to compare the performance of adult Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) females, the pupae per kg of fruit, and the percentage of emergence of flies that spent the larval phase in three fruit species (Mangifera indica L., Spondias lutea L., and S. venulosa L.), taking into account the amount of nutrients in the fruit. Weekly collections were carried out during the fructification period of the hosts. Adult size, longevity, egg production, ingestion of artificial diets by adult females, number of pupae per fruit and pupae per kg of fruit, and percentage of adult emergence were determined. The results showed that S. venulosa was the main A. obliqua host and the most infested among the studied fruit. The adult performance did not vary among the studied hosts; however, the percentage of emergence did. The amount of nutrients in the fruit did not affect the parameters that were analyzed. It is possible that the physical characteristics of the fruit were more important to wild A. obliqua females in their choice for an oviposition site than the amount of nutrients per se. Furthermore, the fruit surface/volume ratio also was involved in the infestation index.
NORTHUMBRIAN WATER'S INVESTMENT TO END SEA-DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE SLUDGE.
Authors: COVERDALE S , HILL A N
Published: August 2009

Under EU legislation for bathing waters, Northumbrian Water has invested £150 million to provide environmental improvements for the 34 designated bathing beaches along its 180 km coastline. Now, to comply with urban waste-water rules, the company is spending another £200 million to provide further treatment to coastal discharges. All this will lead to a 200% increase in sewage sludge over the next six years, none of which can now be dumped at sea. The company has thus built a state-of-the-art £70 million regional sludge treatment centre on Teesside which turns the sludge into dried fertilizer pellets. In the near future it is Northumbrian Water's intention to use the dried sludge to generate fuel gas, making the centre virtually self-sufficient.
GREEN SEA - ACHIEVING BLUE FLAGS IN WALES.
Authors: LOWE N R
Published: August 2009

Dwr Cymru's bathing water clean-up programme was originally designed to achieve the mandatory standards of the EU bathing water directive using long sea outfalls and minimum treatment levels. However, customer consultation indicated that full treatment, preferably with disinfection, was favoured and this became company policy, later extended to incorporate the achievement of Blue Flag standards. In 1996 Green Sea was launched to deliver further improvements through a joint programme of locating and eliminating the pollution sources. This paper explains how Green Sea is pursuing its aim of achieving both guideline compliance at all designated beaches and 50 Blue Flags in Wales.
CLEANSEAS - WESSEX WATER'S COASTAL CLEAN-UP PROGRAMME.
Authors: JONES J G
Published: August 2009

The paper describes the various elements of the clean-up programme being undertaken on the north and south coastlines of the Wessex Water region to improve the water quality of the region's 43 designated bathing waters. Since 1989, a total of £100 million has been spent on bathing water improvements and a further £325 million is being spent on waste-water treatment projects—including the world's largest membrane filtration plant at Swanage. The investment has resulted in compliance with the mandatory coliform standard of the EU bathing water directive rising from 81–90% in 10 years and remaining at all times above the national average.
PLANNING THE JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION.
Authors: MITCHELL R F , WEAVIN B S
Published: August 2009

Completion in 1999 of the £3 billion plus, 16 km extension to the Jubilee Line railway in central London will be the culmination of over 50 years of strategic transport planning. An underground railway heading east from Westminster was first proposed in 1943, but it was not until die mid 1960s that plans for the Fleet Line to New Cross were finalized. However, shortly after it reached Charing Cross in 1979—and got renamed the Jubilee Line along the way—the unexpected proposals to create 150 000 new jobs in London's Docklands and the offer of private funding led to a change of plan. This paper describes the complex and continually evolving planning processes that led to creation of one of the world's most sophisticated urban transport systems.
TRAINS AND ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT FOR THE JUBILEE LINE EXTENSION.
Authors: JONES I
Published: August 2009

The £3 billion plus extension to the Jubilee Line features the most up-to-date trains and electrical and mechanical systems. It positively bristles with innovative safety and control features, from platform-edge doors and a virtually uninterruptable power supply to in-train video and intercom systems. The proposed moving-block signalling had not been used before on such a large mass-transit system and particular problems with implementation on the live existing section resulted in the system being deferred in favour of an interim fixed-block system with a capacity of 24 trains per hour. In addition to the signalling, this paper describes the trains, lifts, escalators, ticket barriers and platform-edge doors as well as the communication, power, fire and ventilation systems.
Freedom of Association as a Core Labor Right and the ILO: Toward a Normative Framework
Authors: Milman-Sivan Faina
Published: August 2009

Freedom of association operates as an organizational "meta-norm," appreciated both as an independent value and as a touchstone for the institutional design of the International Labour Organization (ILO). Despite the renewed interest of the ILO in various aspects of the norm, its understanding of freedom of association lacks a comprehensive normative framework. This article presents such a conceptual framework and a critical in-depth analysis of current ILO freedom of association jurisprudence. Freedom of association should be understood in terms of equitable dialogue (ED), a term offered and developed herein, as an understanding that is already partly embedded in ILO jurisprudence.
The International Labor Organization in the Stag Hunt for Global Labor Rights
Authors: Hyde Alan
Published: August 2009

The International Labor Organization (ILO) is not an effective force for raising labor standards in the developing world and could become considerably more effective by taking account of two of the most important and interrelated recent theoretical developments in understanding labor standards. First, countries derive no comparative advantage in the global trading system from most very low labor standards. The ILO should therefore concentrate its energies on lifting these, rather than (as it so often does) concentrating on labor standards that are a source of comparative advantage, the elimination of which is resisted strongly and effectively. Second, the tools of game theory may be used to identify the collective action problems that prevent countries from lifting their own labor standards, and create a role for a transnational agency that may assist them.
Comment on Alan Hyde: The Perils of Economic Justifications for International Labor Standards
Authors: Davidov Guy
Published: August 2009

This comment questions the relevance of the Stag Hunt model, employed by Alan Hyde in his contribution to this volume, to the context of international labor standards. Despite Hyde's insistence to the contrary, it is argued that in some cases child labor could create a comparative advantage to developing countries. This shows the difficulty with Hyde's reliance solely on market failures to justify international labor standards. The exclusion of other (non-economic) justifications results in an extremely diluted international labor law.
De-Territorializing Labor Law
Authors: Mundlak Guy
Published: August 2009

Labor law was traditionally a domestic project, defined on the basis of a geographic territory or a synthetic community; its norms were determined by the state and applied to employers and workers who resided within the state. Commonly, labor law is administered on a territorial basis, applies to incoming workers, and stops at the borders in respect of other states' sovereignty when capital migrates. Globalization affects the background in which labor law operates, including the increased interdependence of markets, the constitution of communities that transcend national borders, and the development of institutions outside and within the nation-state, which displace the locus of regulation from the traditional state level. De-territoriality claims that territory and sovereignty should be understated within the dominion of labor law in order to correct a deep structural imbalance in labor markets. This imbalance was not created by globalization, and as long as it appeared in a consistent yet bounded manner in each and every state, labor law's project was rendered possible by territorial arrangements. With the process of globalization, the territorial solutions previously created within labor law are no longer adequate. When territoriality is adhered to, migrating workers receive partial protection, while migrating capital can easily choose its most convenient forum as a means, inter alia, of undermining labor law's protection to workers. De-territorialization seeks to restore the original intent of labor law's project, which is to level off the distinct strategies that are available to labor and capital in a globalized labor market.
Collective Labor Rights and the European Social Model
Authors: Ashiagbor Diamond
Published: August 2009

This article explores the tension between competing discourses within the European Union, as this regional trading bloc seeks to capture further gains from market integration, whilst simultaneously attempting to soften the social impact of regional competition within its borders. This article analyzes the difficulty of maintaining the European social model, or a revised version of it, in the context of increased market integration. Through a close reading of two cases decided by the European Court of Justice in 2007, the article interrogates the extent to which discourses on social rights at the EU level can be made sufficiently robust to ensure the application of international or national labor standards as a buttress against increasingly mobile capital, in order to prevent social dumping." It concludes, however, that the terms on which the foundational texts of the EU integration project operateelevating market" rights to equal, fundamental, status with social and labor rightsmeans that the exercise of social rights such as the right to strike is ultimately contingent on their compatibility with market integration.
Globalization and Social Justice: The Right to Minimum Wage
Authors: Ofek-Ghendler Hani
Published: August 2009

The weakening of mechanisms for international cooperation within the context of the right to minimum wage can be explained by the increasing power of new players, the transnational corporations on the one hand, and the waning of the power of the state, on the other hand. These processes of globalization produce various challenges to the modern welfare state, such as the ability to attain minimum wage. This right is vital particularly to weakened workers that would otherwise be remunerated at a very low wage, which could likely lead to poverty. This right poses, however, numerous challenges, in particular the ability of international labor law to define it across borders. The article describes three models for defining this right: the existential deficiency model, the welfare model, and the comfort model and analyzes the various forms regulating the right to minimum wage in international regulations, state regulations, and codes of conduct of transnational corporations examining the ramifications of globalization within the context of labor rights. Moreover, the article suggests changes to international labor law, required to ensure that it functions as an effective instrument in protecting labor rights and proposes establishing regional parliamentsa supra-governmental bodycomposed of states and a broad array of interested private parties in its activities to establish fundamental principles relating to various areas of life, such as the basic rights of workers, taxation principles, and principles for protecting the environment. These regional bodies would decide which of the various models used for shaping the right to minimum wage should be adopted as a fundamental principle.
Survival Across the Fitness-Stress Continuum Under the Ecological Stress Theory of Aging: Caloric Restriction and Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Parsons Peter A.
Published: August 2009

Free living organisms typically occur in harsh environments challenged by abiotic stresses of varying intensities. Taking ionizing radiation and caloric restriction as examples, environmental variation from benign to extreme gives a fitness-stress continuum where energetic efficiency, a measure of fitness, is inversely related to stress level. Hormesis occurs in benign regions for these examples. In contrast aging emphasizes survival towards the limits of survival under accumulating stress from Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS. An energetic evolutionary approach underlies an ecological aging theory based principally upon survival, which incorporates hormesis. Multiple environmental agents contributing to hormesis should be considered by those attempting to improve the quality of life by delaying the onset of senescence, so enhancing survival. Caloric restriction has wider acceptance in this process than ionizing radiation.
Can Marketing Resources Contribute to Company Performance?
Authors: Milfelner Borut , Gabrijan Vladimir , Snoj Boris
Published: August 2009

Can Marketing Resources Contribute to Company Performance?

This study investigates the relationships between market orientation, innovation resources, reputational resources, customer related capabilities and distribution-based assets, as well as their impact on both market and financial performance. The results indicate that market orientation is indirectly related to a company's market and financial performance through the four other marketing resources. Reputational resources have a positive impact on loyalty, market share and sales volume, while the impact of innovation resources on the market share and sales volume is more indirect and through customer loyalty. While customer-related capabilities significantly impact customer loyalty, their impact on the market share and sales volume can not be confirmed. On the other hand, the distribution-based assets are only weakly related to loyalty, the market share and the sales volume. The general findings indicate that selected marketing resources impact financial performance indirectly through the creation of customer loyalty and directly through the market share and sales volume.
The Job Satisfaction of Detectives Investigating Economic Crime in the Police Directorates of Ljubljana-Maribor and Some Reasons for their Fluctuation
Authors: Gorenak Vinko , Željko Božidar
Published: August 2009

The Job Satisfaction of Detectives Investigating Economic Crime in the Police Directorates of Ljubljana-Maribor and Some Reasons for their Fluctuation

An average person spends almost a third of his life at work. It is therefore very important that the person is satisfied with their job. We could define job satisfaction as a factor with an important influence on increased quality in both professional and private life. The dissatisfaction of employees with their jobs is usually followed by fluctuation. This can be very damaging to an organization since employees are one of the most important resources.

This article presents the results of various surveys on the satisfaction of police officers and detectives with their work, on fluctuation as a phenomenon and some of the reasons for it.

In the empirical part of this article, the authors present a study done among the economic crime detectives working in the police directorates of Ljubljana and Maribor. The study showed that economic crime detectives are somewhat satisfied with their work but are still willing to change their jobs and leave the police for a better salary. The main factor for dissatisfaction is the low pay for their performance.
The Management of Complaints in Slovene Public Administration
Authors: Stare Janez , Gruden Barbara , Kovač Polonca
Published: August 2009

The Management of Complaints in Slovene Public Administration

The Slovene public administration is part of the broader social system, therefore it must be responsive and proactive. The instrument of complaint in the administrative procedure, and wider in the context of the entire administrative management, is very helpful to public administration for tracking social changes and should therefore be seen as a form of constructive criticism. On the basis of user complaints regarding its services or the parties to the administrative procedure, the public administration must learn permanently and, as learning organisation, must incorporate its findings into future practice. The starting point of this contribution is the problems of the complaint in the narrow sense - customer dissatisfaction with the functioning of the public administration or arising from the fact that one of the characteristics of the administrative procedure or other services is the direct contact between the customer and the provider of the service. With this approach, the public administration will develop part of an integral system of quality and excellence that underlines the meaning of satisfaction of (all) the users of public services.
The Role of Information for Recognising Business Opportunities
Authors: Skerbinjek Andreja
Published: August 2009

The Role of Information for Recognising Business Opportunities

Managers need a lot of knowledge and information to make decisions and recognize business opportunities. They can acquire this knowledge and information in different ways. Accounting information, particularly information relating to the creditworthiness of business partners and competitors, is important. Such information, which can contain non-accounting information, is often derived from annual reports. The fastest and cheapest way of accessing information is via the Internet. Because searching for information about different businesses on their Web sites can be time consuming, a quicker, more efficient option is to access this information on databases that contain useful information relating to the majority of businesses in the country. In this paper, we discuss the importance of knowledge and information for recognizing business opportunities. We also analyze the appropriateness of accounting information available from five of the most widely used databases concerning Slovene and Croatian businesses, for estimating the creditworthiness of businesses.
Organisational Effectiveness and Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Ambrož Milan , Praprotnik Martina
Published: August 2009

Organisational Effectiveness and Customer Satisfaction

This paper presents a test of the relationship between organizational culture as a crucial indicator of organizational effectiveness and customer satisfaction using service-unit data from two health resorts. Ensuring survival of the service organisation in the long run requires adaptations which are oriented towards achieving maximum customer satisfaction. This study intended to unveil the effect organisational factors have on customer service orientation from the customer and employee point of view within a two health resort service setting. The finding suggests that when trying to predict the comparative degree which organisational effectiveness factors have in satisfying customers' needs, performance, adaptability and mission can be of the highest importance. Some effects like performance were uniform for employees and customers, while others varied depending on the organisation and the customer or employee group. Furthermore, findings suggest that service performance and organisation mission of the service organisation predict customer satisfaction based on established and proven health services. In this context there is no room for innovation, despite the fact that employees and customers do not share similar views about the impact of organisational effectiveness. Developing an effective service organisation can provide a competitive advantage to the organisation. Critical for the success of the service organisation is that organisational agents have a clear view of the existing organisation effectiveness and a clear view of the customer expectations in this area.
E-education between Pedagogical and Didactic Theory and Practice
Authors: Rebolj Vanda
Published: August 2009

E-education between Pedagogical and Didactic Theory and Practice

Education systems confront new requirements to become more efficient and contribute more to the economic success of society. At the same time there are new challenges for the education systems to perform their tasks using advanced technology. In capacity, information technology considerably surpasses the current learning technology. Supported by Internet it creates an electronic parallel to the standard school and learning. Unfortunately there is only sporadic evidence that supported by information technology, learning and education system as a whole can be considerably improved. In spite of that, we believe there is no way back and e-education is not just a temporary whim. Even though we do not know exactly who should perform what and to which scope. The passiveness of pedagogues, the lack of empirical research and the occurring expansion of the market for e-education products without their quality assessment is not of advantage to this progress. The spread of e-education production without considering the professional opinion of pedagogues, who beside their practical work must also engage in developing their own pedagogical theory, might not benefit the existing education achievements. On the other hand, didactics can by analogy be applied also in the web environment, consequently creating the related assessment mechanisms of the electronic education elements.
Organisational Culture as Organisational Identity — Between the Public and the Private
Authors: Erčulj Justina
Published: August 2009

Organisational Culture as Organisational Identity — Between the Public and the Private

The author discusses the notion of organisational culture and relates it to the notion of organisational identity. Culture as a group identity involves elements of stability, homogeneity and integrity but this can be very much altered through post-modern understanding of relationships between localities and their contexts. The research that was conducted in two primary schools in Slovenia is based on the symbolic notion of organisational culture. We explored what meanings are assigned to schools in public documents, during rituals and in teachers' and headteachers'narratives. The findings indicate the co-existence of two cultures and hence of two identities, ‘the public’ and ‘the private’, the former being closer to the corporate identity and the latter to multiple identities. The managers should be aware of both and should use the in-between space for on-going discussions and negotiations.
Managers and Leaders in Organizations of a Post-transition Economy
Authors: Prevodnik Mojca , Biloslavo Roberto
Published: August 2009

Managers and Leaders in Organizations of a Post-transition Economy

Managers and leaders are different figures within an organization but are also alike. During different stages of the organizational life cycle we sometimes need more manager-oriented people and at other times more leader-oriented people. However most of the time we need them both in order to achieve a balance within the organization. Slovenia is a post-transition economy, facing new challenges and opportunities therefore the need for leader-oriented people is expected to be huge. Nevertheless our research showed that in Slovenian profit and non-profit organizations, upper management positions have been occupied by manager-oriented people but at the same time a balance exists between the two roles. We also found out that managers and leaders perceive the success of their organisations in quite a similar way. An adapted Hickman's questionnaire together with a content analysis of subordinates' comments about how they perceive their organization was used to ascertain the differences between them and their superiors. By knowing how employees perceive their managers and how the latter perceive themselves and their organizations we can develop better approaches to management development in post-transition economies.
The Salary System in the Private Sector in the Republic Slovenia
Authors: Korpič-Horvat Etelka , Tičar Bojan , Bohinc Rado
Published: August 2009

The Salary System in the Private Sector in the Republic Slovenia

In the article the authors discuss the salary system in the private sector in the Republic of Slovenia. They present relevant legislation dealing with remuneration, in particular the Employment Relations Act, which regulates individual employment relations and in a separate chapter regulates remuneration. Remuneration includes a salary and other additional payments. The authors treat all the components of a salary, i.e. the basic salary, extra payments, the part of the salary based on job performance, and the payment for positive business performance. Other additional payments are payments in kind or in money, in securities, or profit-related pay, i.e. the participation of employees in profit sharing. The authors also treat other income of employees laid down in the Employment Relations Act and collective agreements as well as the reimbursement of expenses related to work. The authors also focus on the obligatory content of an employment contract with reference to remuneration. Finally, they address open issues regarding types of other additional payments and possible solutions for determining individual remuneration instruments in collective agreements and in employment contracts.
The Centrohelid Heliozoans (Protista, Centrohelida) of Algal Mats from the Water Body in Ukrainian Polissya
Authors: Gaponova L.
Published: August 2009

The Centrohelid Heliozoans (Protista, Centrohelida) of Algal Mats from the Water Body in Ukrainian Polissya

Pterocystis foliacea (Du#rrschmidt, 1985), Raineriophrys erinaceoides (Petersen et Hansen, 1960) and Acanthocystis dresscheri Siemensma et Roijackers, 1988 were observed in algal mats from the pond. All the three species are redescribed.
Four New Species of Mites of The Genus Bakerdania (Acari, Heterostigmata, Pygmephoroidea) From Crimea
Authors: Khaustov A.
Published: August 2009

Four New Species of Mites of The Genus Bakerdania (Acari, Heterostigmata, Pygmephoroidea) From Crimea

Four new species of mites of the genus Bakerdania Sasa, 1961: B. cavernicola Khaustov, sp. n., B. taurica Khaustov, sp. n., B. brevicaudata Khaustov, sp. n., and B. yaltaensis Khaustov, sp. n. are described from soils in Crimea.
The Community of Strongylids (Nematoda, Strongylida) of Working Donkeys (Equus Asinus) in Ukraine
Authors: Kuzmina T. , Kuzmin Yu.
Published: August 2009

The Community of Strongylids (Nematoda, Strongylida) of Working Donkeys (Equus Asinus) in Ukraine

The aim of our work was to study the species composition of the strongylid community of donkeys and to explore the influence of anthelmintic treatments on the community structure. Strongylid nematodes were collected by the diagnostic deworming technique from 33 donkeys from the riding school "Chudo-oslik" (Crimea) (25), from Kharkiv (3) and Kyiv zoos (2) and Kyiv riding schools (3). Seventeen species were found in donkeys studied: 16 species of Cyathostominae and 1 of Strongylinae. Between 2 and 7 species were found per donkey (average of 4.2 ± 2.8). Cyathostomum tetracanthum, C. catinatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus goldi and C. longibursatus) dominated in the community; they were found in 80-100% animals studied and comprised 91.7% of the total number of strongylids collected. Two species C. tetracanthum and Cylicocyclus auriculatus were found to be specific for donkeys. The results obtained showed a reduction of the species richness of the strongylid community in donkeys from riding schools and zoos caused by lack of grazing and by regular anthelmintic treatments.
A Review of Palearctic Species of the Genus Pseuderimerus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) with a Description of One New Species From Iran
Authors: Zerova M. , Seryogina L.
Published: August 2009

A Review of Palearctic Species of the Genus Pseuderimerus (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) with a Description of One New Species From Iran

The Genus Pseuderimerus includes 9 species in the World fauna, six of them are Palaearctic. Pseuderimerus irani Zerova et Seryogina, sp. n. is described. A key to all palaearctic species is given. The holotype and paratypes of the new species are deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Kyiv).
Rhabdias Pearsoni SP. N. (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) From Keelback, Tropidonophis Mairii (Reptilia, Colubridae) In Australia
Authors: Kuzmin Yu. , Tkach V.
Published: August 2009

Rhabdias PearsoniSP. N. (Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae) From Keelback,Tropidonophis Mairii(Reptilia, Colubridae) In Australia

Rhabdias pearsoniKuzmin et Tkach, sp. n. is described based on specimens found in the lung of the keelbackTropidonophis mairii(Gray, 1841) from southern Queensland, Australia. The new species is most similar morphologically toRhabdias horigutiiYamaguti, 1943 andRhabdias vibakariKuzmin, 1999 with all three species lacking buccal capsule. The new species differs fromR. horigutiiby the smaller circumoral lips and papillae, and shorter tail.R. pearsonisp. n. differs fromR. vibakariby position of the nerve ring (inR. vibakari, it is closer to the anterior end than in the new species) and shorter tail. AustralianR. pearsonisp. n. is geographically isolated fromR. horigutiiand R. vibakari, both occurring in Eastern Asia.
Synonymy of the Genera Pseudobakerdania and Ultrasiteroptes (Acari, Heterostigmata, Pygmephoridae) with First Record and Redescription of Ultrasiteroptes Adamisi From Ukraine
Authors: Khaustov A.
Published: August 2009

Synonymy of the GeneraPseudobakerdaniaandUltrasiteroptes(Acari, Heterostigmata, Pygmephoridae) with First Record and Redescription ofUltrasiteroptesAdamisi From Ukraine

The genus namePseudobakerdaniaKaliszewski, 1988 is shown as junior subjective synonym of genusUltrasiteroptesLivshits, Mitrofanov et Sharonov, 1986.Ultrasiteroptes adamisi(Mahunka, 1968) comb. n. is redescribed and recorded for the first time from Ukraine.
A Review of Eurytoma Pistaciae Species Group (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), with Description of Two New Species
Authors: Zerova M. , Seryogina L.
Published: August 2009

A Review of Eurytoma Pistaciae Species Group (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), with Description of Two New Species

Eurytoma pistaciae species group is reviewed to include eight species, of them six Palaearctic (E. pistaciae Rondani, E. spinipes Kalina, E. tokatensis Doganlar, E. narendrani Zerova, sp. n., E. doganlari Zerova, sp. n., E. ochraceipes Kalina), the latter one also in the Oriental Region and two species (E. arabica Risbec and E. tibiaspinae Zerova) known from the Afrotropical Region. E. doganlari sp. n. and E. narendrani sp. n. are described. A key to all species belonging to pistaciae species group is provided.
Two New Himalayan Ant Species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Related to Myrmica indica
Authors: Elmes G. , Radchenko A.
Published: August 2009

Two New Himalayan Ant Species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Related to Myrmica indica

Myrmica weberi Elmes et Radchenko, sp. n. and M. alperti Elmes et Radchenko, sp. n. from the Himalaya are described. Morphometric comparisons of the new species and their close relative M. indica Weber, 1950 were made using Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Analysis.
Peculiarity of Ultrastructure and 45Ca Methabolism of Osteoclasts in Conditions of Hind Limb Unloading and Microgravity
Authors: Rodionova N. , Oganov V.
Published: August 2009

Peculiarity of Ultrastructure and45Ca Methabolism of Osteoclasts in Conditions of Hind Limb Unloading and Microgravity

Using methods of electron microscopy, morphometry and cytochemistry the peculiarities of ultrastructure of osteoclasts and resorptive processes of the mineralized matrix in spongy bone of the rat femoral bone metaphyses following the experimental hind limb unloading model (28 days), as well as in rats exposed on American Space Station SLS—2 (2 weeks) were studied. The methods of light and electron microscopy radioautography45Ca were used in the experiment of hind limbs unloading. The results of investigations demonstrated that in zones of adaptive remodeling the resorption and destruction processes in the bone tissue increase under the supportive unloading. It takes place by increasing of functional activity of osteoclasts (in microgravity conditions we registered the «giant» osteoclasts). The dynamics of45Ca —incorporation into osteoclasts is an indicator of a direct involvement of cells in calcium transfer from the resorpting mineralized matrix to intercellular environment and intensification of this process at hind limb unloading model.
A New Species of the Genus Proctophyllodes (Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae) from Ukraine
Authors: Burdejnaja S. , Kivganov D.
Published: August 2009

A New Species of the Genus Proctophyllodes (Analgoidea, Proctophyllodidae) from Ukraine

The species Proctophyllodes lusciniae Burdejnaja et Kivganov sp. n. from the Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos C. L. Brehm, 1831 and the Thrush Nightingale L. luscinia Linnaeus, 1758 (Passeriformes) (type locality: Zmeinij Island, Ukraine) is described. The new species, belongs to the glandarinus species group and morphologically similar to P. doleophyes Gaud, 1957 from Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca (Pallas, 1764).
Timing of the Vibration of Arm Muscles Affects Grip Force Control
Authors: Santos Marcio , Aruin Alexander
Published: August 2009

Timing of the Vibration of Arm Muscles Affects Grip Force Control

The purpose of the study was to investigate how the timing of application of vibration to the arm muscles affects grip force. Eight healthy subjects performed similar tasks of lifting and holding an object without any vibration (NV) and with vibration applied to the extrinsic wrist and finger muscles at different times during the task: 1) applied immediately prior to the task performance (AFV) and 2) during the task performance (DFV). Peak grip force, static grip force, and acceleration of the object were recorded. Vibration applied to the muscles during the task performance did not affect grip force generation. However, when vibration was applied prior to the task performance, a significant increase in grip force was observed. We suggest that the differences in magnitudes of grip force between the conditions are associated with the availability of information from muscle spindles and/or joint and tactile afferents. It appears that vibration applied during the task performance affects only muscles spindles, while a five-minute vibration applied prior to the lift of the object affects both muscle spindles and joint and tactile afferents. The results of the study provide additional information on the availability of afferent information in the control of grip force.
Evaluation of the Limits of Stability (LOS) Balance Test
Authors: Juras Grzegorz , Słomka Kajetan , Fredyk Artur , Sobota Grzegorz , Bacik Bogdan
Published: August 2009

Evaluation of the Limits of Stability (LOS) Balance Test

The main objective of this study was the estimation of intrasession reliability of the limits of stability (LOS) test conducted on a force platform as an alternative measurement to standard posturography in quiet standing. Fifteen healthy adults took part in the experiment. The standardized measurement protocol of the LOS test was proposed. It consists of three phases - 1st phase - 10s of quiet standing, 2nd phase - the maximal forward leaning in a self paced manner, and 3rd phase - maintenance of maximal forward leaning position. The analysis of variance Friedman's ANOVA and Repeated Measures ANOVA/MANOVA was used to diagnose the differences between 10 consecutive trials of the LOS test. In order to establish reliability of the test, the intraclass correlation (ICC) procedure was used. We presented different ways of maximal center of pressure (COP) excursion estimates. The results of this study show no significant differences between the chosen parameters of the LOS test. Moreover, the measurement of the range of COP excursion, which is most commonly analyzed in such tests, showed to be quite reliable with ICC2,1 above .85. LOS test conducted along the standard procedure should be considered as a very useful method in clinical and research conditions. Still the specific parameters of the LOS test should be given more thorough insight, but it is a very good alternative to quiet standing posturography.
Warm-up: A case study on maximal oxygen consumption as it relates to acute stretching
Authors: Yuktasir Bekir
Published: August 2009

Warm-up: A case study on maximal oxygen consumption as it relates to acute stretching

The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of static and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretches on maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). Ten physically active men (mean ± SD, 23.80 ± 1.54 years, 70.60 ± 9.70 kg, 1.74.60 ± 5.23 m), who were healthy students volunteered to take part in the study. The participants were subjected to Static and PNF stretching exercises. After the interventions, the Bruce treadmill protocol was applied to measure VO2 max values. The expired gases were collected and analyzed continuously using the Cortex Metalyzer II. Analysis of variance showed significant main effects for interventions (F(2,18)=10.74, p<.05) on VO2 max. The main result of this study showed that both static and PNF stretching exercises improved VO2 max values.
Plasticity of the Cortical Motor System
Authors: Sadowski Bogdan
Published: August 2009

Plasticity of the Cortical Motor System

The involvement of brain plastic mechanisms in the control of motor functions under normal and pathological conditions is described. These mechanisms are based on a similar principle as the neuronal models of neuronal plasticity - long-term potentiation (LTP), and long-term depression (LTD). In the motor cortex, LTP-like phenomena play a role in strengthening synaptic connections between pyramidal neurons. LTD is important for the elimination of unnecessary inputs to the cortex. The dynamic features of the primary motor cortex activity depend on particular neuronal interconnectivity within this area. The pyramidal cells send horizontal collaterals to adjacent subregions of the primary motor cortex, and so can either excite or inhibit remote pyramidal cells. These connections can expand or shrink depending on actual physiological demands, and play a role in skill learning.
Effects of Aging on Feedforward Postural Synergies
Authors: Asaka Tadayoshi , Wang Yun
Published: August 2009

Effects of Aging on Feedforward Postural Synergies

We investigated the effects of aging on postural muscles covariate patterns prior to voluntary perturbations. Nine healthy young and nine older subjects were instructed to release a load in a self-paced manner. The results of cross-correlation analyses showed that the average time lag corresponding peak correlation coefficient between trunk flexor and extensor muscles in the older group was significantly shorter, compared to that in the young group. The results of principal component analysis showed that the co-contraction Muscle-modes in the older group were observed more frequently than those in the young group. These results indicate that the older group showed changes in the anticipatory postural muscle co-variation, suggesting the transition from reciprocal to co-activation pattern with aging.
The Relationship between Children's Blood Lead Level and Postural Stability
Authors: Pawlas Krystyna , Pawlas Natalia , Kmiecik-Małecka Elżbieta , Małecki Andrzej
Published: August 2009

The Relationship between Children's Blood Lead Level and Postural Stability

Children, especially younger, are recognized as very susceptible to environmental lead exposure. In order to assess the effect of lead on spontaneous postural sway, we studied 327 children 4-13 years old, living in 4 cities in Upper Silesia an industrial region of Poland. Lead concentration in blood was measured by absorption atomic spectrometry (AAS) and posturography was performed using CATSYS 2000 - SWAY 7.0 equipment. Children's postural sway characteristics decreased with age. Particular variables had higher values for boys than girls and were positively associated with blood lead levels. There was an association between postural sway characteristics and smoking habits of mother, usage of aminoglycosides and paracetamol. Posturography seems to be a useful tool for assessment of lead exposure effects on the nervous system at low blood lead levels.