bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Renal Biomarkers, Including Symmetric Dimethylarginine, following Gentamicin-Induced Proximal Tubular Injury in the Rat
Authors: Hamlin Diane M. , Schultze A. Eric , Coyne Michael J. , McCrann Donald J. , Mack Rebekah , Drake Corie , Murphy Rachel E. , Cross Julie , Strong-Townsend Marilyn , Yerramilli Maha , Leissinger Mary K.
Published: December 2021

Key Points

This study demonstrates the utility of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) as an excretory renal function biomarker in a rat model of gentamicin-induced proximal tubular injury.

Analytical and biologic validation of an SDMA immunoassay allows for future studies in rats using a high-throughput method.

Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is an excretory renal function biomarker shown to correlate well with glomerular filtration rate in dogs, cats, humans, and rats. The objectives of this study were to determine utility of serum SDMA as a renal biomarker in a rat model of gentamicin-induced renal injury and to provide validation of a commercially available SDMA immunoassay for rat serum. Rats were randomly assigned to one of three dose levels of gentamicin (20, 50, or 100 mg/kg) or a vehicle control group and dosed once daily by subcutaneous injection for either four or ten days. Serum and urine renal biomarker evaluation, including serum SDMA, hematologic and serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, and histologic examination of kidney, were performed. Before biologic validation, analytic validation of the SDMA immunoassay for rat serum was performed, including assessment of assay accuracy, precision, analytical sensitivity, linearity, analyte stability, and interference testing. Among markers of excretory renal function, SDMA and serum creatinine increased earliest and at the lowest gentamicin concentrations and were significantly increased in both the 50- and 100- mg/kg dose levels in the four- and ten-dose treatment groups compared with controls. Time- and dose-dependent increases were noted for all urinary biomarkers investigated in this study, with microalbumin being most responsive and osteopontin least responsive for detection of gentamicin-induced injury across dose levels and schedules investigated. The SDMA immunoassay met all set quality requirements assessed in analytical validation. This study is the first to investigate performance of serum SDMA compared with other excretory renal function markers in a rat gentamicin acute toxicity model. In this study, serum SDMA was an earlier biomarker for detection of gentamicin-induced toxicity than serum cystatin C, BUN, and creatinine clearance. The SDMA immunoassay provides a reliable commercially available assay for future renal investigations in rat models.
Analysis of hydrogen behavior by crystallization of secondary aluminum alloy
Authors: Ganna Tregubenko , Elena Menyailo
Published: December 2021

Methodology. There was conducted the process modeling of hydrogen by crystallization of secondary aluminum alloy.
Findings. There was conducted an analysis of hydrogen behavior by indurating secondary aluminum alloy castings. There were obtained expressions for calculation of the current value in the process of secondary aluminum alloy crystallization of the hydrogen density in the boundary diffused layer, on the crystallization front, in the volume of the remaining melt, and the effective hydrogen distribution coefficient.
Originality. For the first time, there was obtained an arithmetic model for the forecasting of hydrogen behavior by indurating secondary aluminum alloy castings.
Practical value. The results of the study can be implemented with the purpose of the flow optimization process and the more efficient use of expensive equipment for getting high-quality secondary aluminum alloy castings.
Keywords: aluminum, secondary aluminum alloys, indurating, hydrogen, crystallization front, distribution coefficient, boundary diffusion layer.
Experimental determination of the influence of a constant electric field on the output of biogas and substrate varieties
Authors: V Kovalenko , O Lapikova , V Gutsalova , A Kuznetsova
Published: December 2021

Оbjective. To investigate the effectiveness of stimulation of biogas release from cow substrate under influence of constant electric field of certain tension at mesophilic temperature regime.
Methodology. Experimental research based on a laboratory biogas plant consisting of two reactors housed inside a thermostat and connected to gas-holder system to determine its volume and chemical composition. One of the reactors is equipped with a system of exposure to substrate by constant electric field. The optimum intensity of electric field was determined by previous experiments. The research was performed on a cow's substrate under mesophilic regimen and included determination of the dynamics of biogas output, changes in its chemical composition, and overall degree of dry organic matter destruction.
Findings. The research has shown that biogas output per unit of dry organic matter under influence of constant electric field increased by 11.3%, the destruction of the latter increased by 12.2%, and the total volume of biogas (excluding CO2) increased by 8, 2%. It should also be noted that the lag phase was reduced by 12.2%.
Originality. Complex research of influence of constant electric field on biomethanogenesis with measurement of chemical composition of obtained biogas and determination of degree of dry organic matter destruction has not been conducted before.
Practicalvalue. The work allowed us to conclude that the influence of constante lectric field of certain intensity really stimulates the process of biogas production, without significantly affecting its composition. This method of biome-?hanogenesis intensification can be applied in industrial plants to increase their efficiency.
Keywords: biogas, biomethanogenesis, bioenergy, biogasplant, chemical composition
Experimental wind power and photovoltaic plants as a basis for researching to use renewable energy sources in the power supply systems for non-traction consumers
Authors: Yuriy Kachan , Vitaliy Kuznetsov
Published: December 2021

Purpose. Describe the tools used by the authors for experimental research on the possibilities of using renewable energy sources in the power supply systems of non-traction consumers of railway transport. The methodology of research is based on modern methods of computational mathematics, statistics and information analysis using modern computer technology. Findings. To date, there is no comprehensive approach and specific reasonable measures for the introduction of re-newable energy sources in the energy supply of non-traction consumers. The article presents examples of the introduction of renewable energy sources in the power supply systems of railways abroad. It is noted that when using different renewable energy sources in the power supply systems of non-traction consumers, it is necessary to have a volume of statistical information to determine their technical and economic indicators. The classification of wind power plants with a horizontal axis is given. The schematic diagram and general view of the developed experimental wind power plant are given. The schematic diagram and general view of the developed experimental photovoltaic plant are given. The equipment used for research of wind flow and intensity of solar radiation in places of possible location of wind power or photovoltaic installations is considered. The presented experimental wind power and photovoltaic plants, which serve for a comprehensive study of the possibilities of using wind and solar sources in the power supply systems of non-traction consumers, are generalized and allow to clarify the necessary data for decision making. The originality is the introduction of renewable energy sources in the power supply system of non-traction consumers of railway transport. Practical implications. The use of additional renewable energy sources to supply non-traction consumers minimizes electricity consumption. Keywords: renewable energy sources, quality of electric energy, wind power plant, photovoltaic plant, power supply networks of railway transport, traction and non-traction consumers, electricity production
Decoloniality, Language, Identity and Communication: The Case Study of Cameroonian Pidgin
Authors: Mbong Mai Magdalene , Mboti Nyasha
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the intersection between decoloniality, language, identity and communication is discussed in how they come together in the use or refusal to use Cameroon Pidgin (CamP). The paper draws on the concepts of coloniality and decoloniality and relates them to language as used by Cameroonians in South Africa. The argument is that it is surprising that many Cameroonian Pidgin speaking immigrants are choosing not to communicate in Pidgin, especially since usage of the language from the home country could become a locus of solidarity and reproduction of one aspect of the everydayness of home in a new country. This article relies on a qualitative framework comprised of openended interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation to explore the role of language, identity and decoloniality in communication. The idea is to explore how these issues and themes intersect, and what the intersections themselves tell us, firstly, about the nature of identity and, secondly, about the relationship between language and identity.
Comparative study of DFT, AM1, and PM3 optimization methods modeling new psychotropic amphetamines
Authors: Ion Adelina , Praisler Mirela , Gosav Steluta
Published: December 2021

In order to improve the determination of physico-chemical descriptors of organic substances, it is necessary to optimize the computational representations of their molecular structures. The computerized estimation of these descriptors is especially useful in the case of drugs of abuse, as clinical studies are not recommended for new compounds belonging to classes known to have a high toxicity. The optimization of molecular structures allows the improvement of the accuracy in determining the physico-chemical descriptors and consequently of the associated quantitative structure - property or structure - activity relationships (QSAR). We are presenting a comparative study regarding the effect of the AM1, PM3, and DFT optimization methods, which were applied in the case of a series of new psychotropic amphetamines for their physico-chemical characterization based on molecular descriptors.
2C-x and DOx hallucinogens: a systematic review
Authors: Darie Iulia-Florentina , Praisler Mirela , Negoita Catalin
Published: December 2021

The drug market has seen a significant global expansion in the last decades. The synthetic designer drugs belonging to the class of amphetamines and derived phenylethylamines have experienced the greatest spread in the drug market for abuse. As phenylethylamines are organic compounds that stimulate the central nervous system of humans, many are abused as recreational drugs. A large array of substituted amphetamines can be easily synthetized by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms in the structure of phenylethylamine. Among these, the most dangerous for human health are those analogues or homologues that have hallucinogenic effects (besides the stimulant pharmacological activity), such as those belonging to the 2C-x and DOx classes of amphetamines. This review describes the physico-chemical and spectral properties of the most representative compounds of the two classes.
Peran Layanan Akademik dengan Kinerja Tutor Sebagai Pemoderasi: Persepsi Mahasiswa S-1 Tuton UPBJJ Ternate
Authors: Hafel Muhlis , Mahdi Suriana AR , Umasugi Mohbir , Jasin Hamida A. , Anfas Anfas
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan menguji model teoritikal yang menjelaskan peran kinerja tutor online terhadap hubungan layanan akademik terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa. Secara khusus bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis; pengaruh tangible, reliability, responsiviness, assurance dan empaty terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa dan menguji pengaruh mediasi kinerja tutor online terhadap layanan akademik dan prestasi belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris dengan menggunakan teknik probabilitas sampling. Data diperoleh dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 351 mahasiswa S-1 yang masa regitrasi tahun akademik 2019-2020 yang tersebar di UPBJJ Ternate. Analisis data dilakukan dengan  menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dan mediasi dengan menggunakan analisis moderate regresion analysis (MRA). Hasil penelitian secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa tangible, reliability, responsiviness, assurance dan empaty berpengaruh terhadap Prestasi belajar mahasiswa. untuk moderasi menunjukkan bahwa kinerja tutor online tidak memoderasi pengaruh variabel tangible, reliability, assurance terhadap prestasi belajar  mahasiswa. sedangkan kinerja tutor online dapat memoderasi pengaruh variabel responsiviness, empaty terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa.
Pengaruh Usia dan Penyakit Ibu dalam Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Tubektomi di Ruang Bersalin RSUD Tgk Chik Ditiro
Authors: Mirdahni Rita , Idawati Idawati
Published: December 2021

Tubektomi adalah suatu tindakan pemotongan saluran indung telur sehingga sel telur tidak bisa lagi memasuki rahim untuk dibuahi.Tubektomi atau kontrasepsi mantap dilakukan atas indikasi medis seperti seorang ibu yang berpenyakit, kelainan jiwa, kemungkinan kehamilan yang dapat membahayakan nyawa ibu atau penyakit keturunan.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah pengaruh usia dan penyakit ibu dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi tubektomi di ruangan bersalin Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Tgk Chik Ditiro.  Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan retrospektif. Pengumpulan data mengisi lembar checklist. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 72 responden (36 kasus dan 36 kontrol). Hasil penelitian menggunakan uji Chi square dengan α=0,05 diperoleh usia (p=0,033), riwayat penyakit (p=0,563). Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh usia terhadap penggunaan kontrasepsi tubektomi, serta tidak ada hubungan riwayat penyakit terhadap penggunaan kontrasepsi tubektomi.
Analisis Penyebab Kegagalan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif pada Bayi di RSUD Tgk. Chik Ditiro Kabupaten Pidie
Authors: Idawati Idawati , Mirdahni Rita , Andriani Susi , Yuliana Yuliana
Published: December 2021

Menyusui memegang peranan penting terhadap tumbuh kembang bayi, kegagalan untuk memberikan ASI eksklusif dapat menyebabkan tingginya angka kejadian penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyebab kegagalan pemberian ASI Eksklusif pada bayi di RSUD Tgk. Chik Ditiro Kabupaten Pidie. Metode : jenis penelitian yaitu analitik dengan pendekatan crossectional, populasi adalah semua ibu bersalin dan menyusui yang berjumlah 85 orang. Hasil Penelitian : Hasil penelitian untuk variabel pengetahuan diperoleh nilai p= 0,000, variabel sikap diperoleh p= 0,000, variabel peran penolong persalinan diperoleh p= 0,000, variabel tradisi diperoleh p= 0,000 yang artinya variabel tersebut memiliki hubungan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi  sedangkan variabel umur ibu diperoleh nilai p= 0,131, variabel pendidikan  diperoleh p= 0,526, variabel pekerjaan diperoleh nilai p= 0,576, variabel pendapatan diperoleh p= 0,271, variabel paritas diperoleh p= 0,477, variabel usia bayi diperoleh nilai p= 0,560, variabel prilaku diperoleh nilai p= 0,402 yang artinya variabel tersebut tidak memiliki hubungan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi. Kesimpulan : variabel yang paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap pemberian ASI eksklusif pada bayi yaitu variabel peran penolong persalinan.
Keanekaragaman Jenis dan Kepadatan Zooplankton di Perairan Pulau Makassar Kota Baubau
Authors: Failu Ismail , Azizu Azelia Monica , Kasman Kasman , Sofyan Sofyan
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the type and amount of zooplankton in the waters of Makassar Island, Baubau City. From the results of this study, it is expected that significant information regarding the types and zooplankton found in the sea around Makassar Island, Baubau City, whose waters are suitable for aquaculture. Furthermore, it is hoped that the results of this study can help improve and optimize the use of aquatic biological resources in the future. This research was conducted in the waters of Makassar Island, Baubau City, from August to October 2021. Sample identification was carried out at the Biology Laboratory of the Muhammadiyah University of Buton.

The tool in this research field is plankton net no. 25 to filter zooplankton, GPS determines the sampling location, thermometer measures temperature, handrefactometer measures salinity, DO (Dissolved Oxygen) meter measures sea air oxygen, plastic bottles store seawater samples, small plastic bottles store zooplankton samples, and cool boxes for storing samples. Materials in the field are label paper and markers to label the sample, 70% alcohol to preserve the sample, and aqua water to sterilize the instrument. 1) From the three highest locations found 18 genera of zooplankton belonging to the Crustacea group. 2) With 33 ind/l, the genus OIthona dominates the waters of Makasar Island, Baubau City. 3) In the three locations, there was no variation in zooplankton density.
Éxito de la cirugía bariátrica: perspectiva biológica
Authors: Delgadillo Arteaga Brenda K. , Nava-González Edna J.
Published: December 2021

La obesidad se define como una acumulación anormal o excesiva de grasa corporal, que puede alcanzar grados capaces de afectar la salud. Se sabe que existe una correlación directa con el aumento del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la prevalencia de comorbilidades, lo que genera un impacto negativo en la esperanza de vida y el gasto en salud pública. Entre todos los tratamientos para la obesidad disponibles, la cirugía bariátrica es la que presenta mejores resultados en la pérdida de exceso de peso y remisión de comorbilidades, y produce efectos positivos en la función del tejido adiposo, la sensibilidad a la insulina, el contenido y función de la grasa hepática, así como la mejoría en general del metabolismo y, en consecuencia, aumenta la calidad de vida a largo plazo. Las mejorías biológicas y metabólicas son posibles en pacientes con obesidad grave después de la cirugía bariátrica. Palabras clave: cirugía bariátrica, metabolismo, balance energético.
Relación entre los ácidos biliares y la microbiota intestinal ¿es posible considerarlo como un factor etiológico en diversas colangiopatías? Una revisión narrativa
Authors: Jaillier-Ramírez Ana M. , Waitzberg Dan , Becerra Romero Andrés
Published: December 2021

Los ácidos biliares, cuyo precursor es el colesterol de la dieta, tienen una importancia fundamental en el metabolismo de los lípidos ingeridos, siendo tal vez su función más divulgada. Sin embargo, estos interactúan de manera recíproca con el metabolismo bacteriano intestinal, mediante las señales moleculares, que permiten una modificación tanto en la abundancia como en la diversidad de la microbiota intestinal. Esta última se ha considerado como el nuevo órgano, y ha tenido un estudio a profundidad en los últimos años gracias a los avances y la optimización en los métodos diagnósticos, lo que permite determinar su implicación en enfermedades no solo del tracto gastrointestinal, sino a nivel sistémico. El objetivo de la presente revisión es identificar las diferentes alteraciones en la transformación de los ácidos biliares primarios a secundarios, y cómo estos cambios generan una modificación en la composición de la microbiota intestinal, lo que genera procesos de inflamación crónica, mediado por diferentes vías de señalización, siendo factores etiológicos para un sin número de patologías que comprometen los colangiocitos. Palabras clave: microbiota, ácidos biliares, colangiopatías.
Factores asociados con la nutrición enteral tardía en la unidad de cuidados intensivos: estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Valencia Anaya Salomón José , Sosa Guillén Noemí Matilde , Arroyo-Sánchez Abel Salvador
Published: December 2021

Introducción: la nutrición enteral (NE) tardía está asociada con resultados adversos en los pacientes críticos. El objetivo del artículo fue determinar si la presencia de diarrea, el uso de vasopresor o ionotrópico y la ventilación mecánica (VM) dentro de las 48 horas del ingreso fueron factores asociados con la NE tardía en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Métodos: estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron 62 historias clínicas para cada grupo, con pacientes de 18 o más años, estancia > 72 horas y que hayan recibido NE durante su estancia. Se calculó el Odds ratio (OR) con intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC 95 %) y para la asociación de variables se empleó la prueba de chi cuadrado (χ2) y se realizó una regresión logística multivariable. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 53,7 años, el 51,6 % de ellos fueron varones. El principal motivo de ingreso a la UCI fue problemas médicos (87,1 %). No se encontraron diferencias entre las características demográficas y clínicas de los grupos. La diarrea (OR: 0,74; IC 95 %: 0,16-3,44), el uso de vasopresor o inotrópico (OR: 1,21; IC 95 %: 0,60-2,46) y el uso de VM (OR: 0,67; IC 95 %: 0,33-1,38) no estuvieron asociados con la NE tardía. Conclusiones: la diarrea, el uso de vasopresor o inotrópico y la VM no fueron factores asociados con el inicio de la NE tardía. Palabras clave: nutrición enteral, respiración artificial, diarrea, vasoconstrictores, cardiotónicos.
¿Influye la modalidad de infusión de nutrición enteral en la tolerancia gastrointestinal del paciente en estado crítico? Revisión narrativa de la literatura
Authors: Osuna Padilla Iván Armando , Yanowsky Escatell Francisco Gerardo
Published: December 2021

Introducción: la nutrición enteral (NE) es la vía de elección para administrar soporte nutricional al paciente en estado crítico. Aunque los beneficios inmunológicos y clínicos de la NE se encuentran bien documentados, no está exenta de complicaciones; y la modalidad de infusión es un factor que podría contribuir a intolerancia gastrointestinal (GI). Esta última se relaciona con la interrupción de la infusión, lo que conlleva una menor adecuación nutrimental e impacta negativamente en el estado nutricional y los desenlaces clínicos. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo evaluar las diferencias en la tolerancia GI entre la modalidad de infusión intermitente/bolos y la infusión continua en individuos en estado crítico que reciben NE. Método: se realizó una revisión de la literatura que comparó las diferencias en la tolerancia GI entre ambas modalidades de infusión en el período de enero de 2010 a diciembre de 2020. Resultados: se identificaron 27 estudios, de los cuales 4 fueron incluidos por cumplir con el criterio de comparar la modalidad de infusión de NE y tolerancia GI. Existe evidencia de una menor incidencia de intolerancia con una modalidad de infusión continua; sin embargo, esto varía según el parámetro de tolerancia GI evaluado. Algunos estudios reportan mayor incidencia de residuo gástrico elevado y diarrea en el grupo con NE intermitente, mientras que otros han documentado mayor incidencia de estreñimiento con la NE continua. Conclusión: se requieren ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que evalúen la incidencia de intolerancia GI después de comparar las modalidades de infusión. Palabras clave: nutrición enteral, soporte nutricional, paciente en estado crítico, diarrea, vómito, estreñimiento.
THE OLENEKIAN-ANISIAN/EARLY-MIDDLE TRIASSIC BOUNDARY, AND ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF CONODONTS FOR CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC CALIBRATION OF THE TRIASSIC TIMESCALE
Authors: GRADINARU EUGEN
Published: December 2021

The conodont Chiosella timorensis (Nogami, 1968) has for a long time been considered to be a suitable biotic proxy for the Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary. The recently acquired ammonoid record around that boundary clearly shows that the FAD of this conodont is located well below the boundary, i.e., in the late Spathian. In the present paper, it is underlined that the conodont Chiosella timorensis was promoted as a proxy for the nominated boundary in the early 1980s when the ammonoid record around the boundary was not yet well established. On the other side, until the mid 1990s the taxonomic definition and the lineage of the conodont Chiosella timorensis were not well stated, and even now there are still controversial interpretations of the taxonomic content of this conodont species. The new data achieved from the ammonoid/conodont record around the nominated boundary, especially in the western USA, and also in the Deşli Caira section in Romania, firmly demonstrate that the conodont Chiosella timorensis is a defunct proxy for the Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary. As a consequence, the present data on the ammonoid-documented Olenekian-Anisian/Early-Middle Triassic boundary requires the recalibration of all physical events that have been tied to the FAD of the conodont Chiosella timorensis. The case of the Albanian Kçira-section, for which the chronostratigraphic interpretation of the ammonoid record is proved incorrect, definitely makes the conodont Chiosella timorensis a defunct proxy for the nominated boundary. Also, the case of the two Chinese sections recently proposed as being “exceptional” GSSP candidates for the Early-Middle Triassic boundary, which is based on an inconsistent ammonoid/conodont biochronology, fully strengthens this conclusion. The history of the controversial usage of the conodont species Chiosella timorensis in defining the Olenekian-Anisian boundary justifies a discussion about the usefulness of conodonts in the chronostratigraphic calibration of the standard Triassic timescale. One may conclude that the conodonts are not qualified, and have not a reasonable potential, to be used to define or to redefine the boundaries of chronostratigraphic units in the standard Triassic timescale, which have been basically defined on ammonoid biochronology.
A multi-stage algorithm for image denoising based on PCA and adaptive TV-regularization
Authors: Phan Tran Dang Khoa
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we present an image denoising algorithm comprising three stages. In the first stage, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to suppress the noise. PCA is applied to image blocks to characterize localized features and rare image patches. In the second stage, we use the Gaussian curvature to develop an adaptive total-variation-based (TV) denoising model to effectively remove visual artifacts and noise residual generated by the first stage. Finally, the denoised image is sharpened in order to enhance the contrast of the denoising result. Experimental results on natural images and computed tomography (CT) images demonstrated that the proposed algorithm yields denoising results better than competing algorithms in terms of both qualitative and quantitative aspects.
Comercio internacional: el Perú como país emergente en el contexto de la COVID-19
Authors: Sucari Wilson
Published: December 2021

The objective was to analyze the behavior of Peru in international trade during the context of Covid-19. The methodology used was the documentary review. The analysis focused on knowing the policies taken by the Peruvian government regarding international trade in the context of the pandemic. The main results indicate that government policies in recent years did not give importance to the technological aspect with which the international economy moves. Likewise, the 2020-2021 government did not know how to comply with international recommendations such as the World Trade Organization and the World Customs Organization; In the absence of these policies, Peru suffered an economic contraction both internally and externally.
Codzienność zawodowa instamatek w okresie pandemii
Authors: Mizera-Pęczek Patrycja , Krasnova Anna
Published: December 2021

CEL NAUKOWY: Celem naukowym niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie opisów codzienności zawodowej instamatek w kontekście przemian, które narzuciła rodzinom sytuacja epidemiczna w Polsce. PROBLEM I METODY BADAWCZE: Problemem badawczym rozpatrywanym w niniejszym artykule jest konieczność reorganizacji życia codziennego instamatek w okresie pandemii. Przeprowadzone badanie miało charakter jakościowy, interpretatywny i zostało zrealizowane za pomocą metody analizy treści publikowanych przez instamatki. PROCES WYWODU: W pierwszej części dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej roli mediów społecznościowych w życiu codziennym kobiet, w tym tych, które posiadają dzieci, oraz przemian sytuacji zawodowej matek w 2020 roku. W drugiej części artykułu zaprezentowano rezultaty badań własnych zrealizowanych metodą analizy treści postów udostępnianych przez matki na Instagramie w okresie pandemii. WYNIKI ANALIZY NAUKOWEJ: Rezultatem badań własnych jest gęsty opis codzienności matek w okresie pandemii w perspektywie kobiet, które dzielą się swoimi doświadczeniami na Instagramie. WNIOSKI, INNOWACJE, REKOMENDACJE: Dotychczasowe rekomendacje praktyk służących kształtowaniu równowagi praca – życie stały się nieadekwatne do pandemicznej codzienności pracujących matek.
Social Roles of Grandparents in an Ageing, Modern Society
Authors: Szaban Dorota , Trzop Beata
Published: December 2021

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The authors’ aim is to create an original typology of the social roles of grandparents in modern society. The reflection is set in the context of demographic changes related to ageing processes and theories of life cycles. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The main thesis is that despite the significant sociocultural changes occurring in the context of the intensifying aging processes of societies, it is possible to indicate the multiplicity of roles played by grandparents. The article is based on two research projects conducted among women aged 50‑64 and men aged 55‑69 living in the Lubuskie Voivodeship. The data used has a qualitative character, and the empirical basis is 110 written biographical stories. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: The background of the study is data from public statistics that illustrate the deepening ageing processes of the region’s population. Unfavourable demographic processes are intertwined with sociocultural changes related to the change of gender roles, professional activity, and free time. This element is related to the concept of life phases. An extensive theoretical introduction precedes the analysis of the results of research on the typology of the social roles of women and men as grandparents. RESEARCH RESULTS: An original typology of the roles of grandparents in the modern world was proposed. The mechanisms related to the roles focus mainly on meeting the needs of the family in the first place. We can draw an axis of traditional vs. modern, which leaves room for some other indirect possibilities (e.g. space for female self‑realization). However, it depends on the sociocultural factors and scripts implemented at earlier stages of family life. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: There is no uniform and coherent grandfathering pattern, and there is a clear difference between the sexes on the axis of involvement in caring functions.
Edytorial: Codzienność w dobie pandemii
Authors: Rostek Irmina
Published: December 2021

W pierwszych dwóch numerach „Horyzontów Wychowania” opublikowanych w 2021 roku podjęta została refleksja nad tym, w jaki sposób sytuacja epidemiologiczna w Polsce i na świecie przyczyniła się do istotnych przeobrażeń w przestrzeni edukacji, opieki i wychowania. Zasięg oddziaływania nowego kontekstu funkcjonowania jest jednak znacznie większy – odcisnął on piętno na wszystkich niemal sferach naszego życia. Przeobrażeniu uległy i ulegają nadal utrwalone przekonania, emocje i zachowania. Zmienił i zmienia się także sposób spostrzegania i przeżywania codziennych wyzwań stawianych przez dynamicznie zmieniające się okoliczności.
Elucidation of PVD MoS2 film formation process and its structure focusing on sub-monolayer region
Authors: Ono Ryo , Imai Shinya , Kusama Yuta , Hamada Takuya , Hamada Masaya , Muneta Iriya , Kakushima Kuniyuki , Tsutsui Kazuo , Kano Emi , Ikarashi Nobuyuki , Wakabayashi Hitoshi
Published: December 2021

Sputtering enables uniform and clean deposition over a large area, which is an issue with exfoliation and chemical vapor deposition methods. On the other hand, the process of physical vapor deposition (PVD) film formation has not yet been clarified. We prepared several samples from the sub-monolayer region, and performed Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photon spectroscopy and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy. From these results, the internal stresses inherent to PVD films, the bonding states specific to sub-monolayers, and the unique film structure and the grain formation process of PVD films were discussed from the perspective of sub-monolayers. As a conclusion, we found that it is important to suppress the formation of sub-monolayers on the substrate to completely form the first layer.
Low thermal budget epitaxial lift off (ELO) for Ge (111)-on-insulator structure
Authors: Chang Wen Hsin , Wan Hsien-Wen , Cheng Yi-Ting , Lin Yen-Hsun G. , Irisawa Toshifumi , Ishii Hiroyuki , Kwo Jueinai , Hong Minghwei , Maeda Tatsuro
Published: December 2021

Germanium-on-insulator (GeOI) structures with a surface orientation of (111) have been successfully fabricated by using low thermal budget epitaxial-lift-off (ELO) technology via direct bonding and selective etching. The material characteristics and transport properties of the Ge(111)OI structure have been systematically investigated through secondary-ion mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and Hall measurement. The transferred Ge (111) layer remained almost intact from the as-grown epitaxial layers, indicating the benefits of ELO technology. The low thermal budget ELO technology demonstrated in this work is promising to integrate Ge channels with different surface orientations on Si (100) substrates for future monolithic 3D applications.
Introduction of high tensile strain into Ge-on-Insulator structures by oxidation and annealing at high temperature
Authors: Han Xueyang , Chen Chia-Tsong , Lim Cheol-Min , Toprasertpong Kasidit , Takenaka Mitsuru , Takagi Shinichi
Published: December 2021

It is demonstrated in this work that a high-temperature thermal process including oxidation and N2 annealing at 850 °C can provide a tensile strain of ∼0.58% at maximum into Ge-on-Insulator (GOI) structures without any special patterning or external stressors. The different impacts of oxidation and annealing on tensile strain generation, surface roughness, and crystal qualities in the GOI structures fabricated by Ge condensation and wafer bonding are systematically examined. A tensile strain of 0.47% is achieved without severe thermal damages under the optimal thermal process condition, which indicates the high potential of the present method for improving the performance of GOI n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors. The influence of thermal expansion mismatch between Ge and SiO2 is suggested as a possible physical origin of the high amount of tensile strain into GOI structures.
Growth and scintillation properties of LiBr/CeBr3 eutectic scintillator for neutron detection
Authors: Yajima Ryuga , Kamada Kei , Takizawa Yui , Yoshino Masao , Kim Kyoung Jin , Kochurikhin Vladimir. V. , Yamaji Akihiro , Kurosawa Shunsuke , Yokota Yuui , Sato Hiroki , Toyoda Satoshi , Ohashi Yuji , Hanada Takashi , Yoshikawa Akira
Published: December 2021

A 6LiBr/CeBr3 eutectic thermal-neutron scintillator, with a high 6Li concentration, was developed using the vertical Bridgman method. The grown eutectic contained an 6Li molar ratio of 35%, which is higher than those of the commercial neutron scintillators such as Ce:LiCaAlF6 and Ce:Cs2LiYCl6. Furthermore, it showed optical transparency and a lamellar eutectic structure elongating along the growth direction. The synthesized eutectic showed emission peaks at 360 and 380 nm, originating from the Ce3+ 5d-4f transition in the CeBr3 scintillation phase. The scintillation performance of 6LiBr/CeBr3 was evaluated under X-ray, γ-ray, and neutron irradiation to corroborate its neutron detection potential.
Investigation of turn-on performance in 1.2 kV MOS-bipolar devices
Authors: Luo Peng , Madathil Sankara Narayanan Ekkanath , Saito Wataru , Nishizawa Shin-ichi
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the turn-on characteristics of the 1.2 kV Trench IGBT (TIGBT) and the 1.2 kV Trench Clustered IGBT (TCIGBT) are investigated through TCAD simulations and experiments. The TCIGBT shows much lower turn-on energy loss (E
on) due to higher current gain than an equivalent TIGBT and the negative gate capacitance effect is effectively suppressed in the TCIGBT by its self-clamping feature and PMOS action. In addition, the impact of 3D scaling rules on the turn-on performance of TIGBT and TCIGBT is analyzed in detail. Simulation results show that scaling rules result in a significant reduction of E
on in both TIGBT and TCIGBT. Furthermore, the experimental results indicate that TCIGBT technology is well suited for high current density operations with low power losses. Compared to the state-of-the-art IGBT technology, an 18% reduction of total power loss can be achieved by the TCIGBT operated at 300 A cm−2 and 175 °C.
Displacement damage effects in proton irradiated vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Li Yudong , Maliya Heini , Liu Bingkai , Guo Qi , Ren Xiaotang , He Chengfa
Published: December 2021

The displacement damage effects of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) irradiated by 3 and 10 MeV protons in the range of Ф = 6.7 × 1012 p cm−2 to Ф = 1.6 × 1014 p cm−2 were investigated. The threshold current exhibited consistent degradation at the same displacement damage dose, as did the series resistance. Additionally, the external quantum efficiencies of 850 and 680 nm VCSELs were degraded by 2% and 21%, respectively. Further, the threshold current of the 850 nm VCSEL was restored by 14% after annealing at 20 mA, which is remarkably higher than that achieved by annealing only at high temperatures. These results support the applicability of VCSELs to both data communication and instrumentation applications in harsh radiation environments.
Factores de las percepciones de auditores financieros sobre auditoría del valor razonable
Authors: Hernández Pajares Julio , Chau Miyakawa Kiara
Published: December 2021

La incorporación del modelo de medición de valor razonable (VR) en las NIIF han generado grandes esfuerzos y desafíos para los auditores financieros en el proceso de auditoría de las estimaciones del VR en la preparación de los estados financieros. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer la percepción de los auditores financieros sobre el proceso de auditoría del VR considerando los aspectos más relevantes de las normas NIIF 13 y NIA 540. Otros objetivos son percibir la opinión sobre los retos que implican estas normas y la contribución en la imagen fiel de la información financiera, compren-sión de las estrategias que mejoren el proceso de auditoría del VR y analizar la relación de estas percepciones con los factores de nivel académico, experiencia, género y sector especializado de los auditores. Para cumplir dichos objetivos se realizó un estudio exploratorio y cuantitativo de alcance descriptivo y relacional de las percepciones ob-tenidas de los auditores financieros peruanos y su relación con los factores señalados. Los resultados señalan que las mayores valoraciones corresponden a las percepciones de reconocimiento de retos profesionales, necesidad de conocimientos y orientaciones técnicas, uso de especialistas para la aplicación de las normativas sobre el VR. Por otro lado, los factores de nivel académico, experiencia de auditoría y género de los audito-res tienen incidencia en las percepciones relacionadas con la necesidad de formación y orientaciones técnicas en normativa del VR, retos y conocimientos necesarios para su auditoría.
A critical analysis of unethical professional practices in the construction industry in Southeast Nigeria
Authors: Nnaemeka J Anikwe , Kalu A Agha
Published: December 2021

Economic transformation and the provision of basic infrastructure to engender growth and development in any nation is vested in the construction industry hence the massive investment of the government in this sector. However, the expected gains of the construction industry have been eroded by the failure of many construction projects due to unethical professional practices on the part of the construction professionals. This study analyzed the causes and effects of unethical practices on the industry and project delivery with measures to combat the unethical practices among the stakeholders. The study adopted the survey design and a stratified random sampling technique was used to select 140 respondents. A structured questionnaire was designed and administered to construction professionals (Architects, Quantity Surveyors, Builders and Engineers). The relative importance index tool was used to analyse the severity of the factors identified. Findings revealed the absence of punishment for unethical practices (0.94), collusion between officials, consultants and contractors (0.91), availability of loopholes in project monitoring (0.89), weak law enforcement institution (0.87) and greed for money (0.83) among others as major causes of unethical professional practices which have serious effects on the construction industry. The result also revealed poor workmanship and substandard project delivery (0.88), high cost of construction (0.86), the collapse of structures/buildings (0.82), inflated contract sums (0.81), high maintenance cost (0.79), time and cost overrun (0.76) as the extremely severe effects of unethical practices in the industry. Prosecution and punishment of offenders (0.98), the whilstle blower protection policies and rewards (0.84), strengthening of institutionand anticorruption agencies (0.78), award of contracts on merit (0.75) and civil society participation and oversight (0.68) were identified as highly effective measures to curtail unethical professional practices. The study recommends that the government being a major actor should abide by the due process of contract award and letting, using Public Procurement Act (PPA) guidelines in executing all its construction projects. The professionals, contractors and clients’ representatives should also exhibit high professional excellence through adherence to professional ethics and codes of conduct.
O pojęciu antynomii idei prawa Gustawa Radbrucha
Authors: Szyler Bartosz
Published: December 2021

Celem artykułu jest analiza pojęcia antynomii idei prawa, które stanowi element siatki pojęciowej filozofii Gustawa Radbrucha. W pierwszej części artykułu analizuję najbardziej szczegółową eksplikację tego pojęcia, którą G. Radbruch zawarł we fragmencie Filozofii Prawa. Wskazuję jakie elementy składają się zdaniem G. Radbrucha na ideę prawa oraz jakie są jego zdaniem źródła ich antynomiczności. Drugą część artykułu poświęcam na ogólną rekonstrukcję pojęcia antynomii poprzez odwołanie do wykorzystanie tego pojęcia w historii filozofii i logiki, a szczególności do jednego z najważniejszych filozoficznych zastosowań antynomii w Krytyce czystego rozumu Immanuela Kanta. Przeprowadzona analiza pozwala na dostrzeżenie specyfiki pojęcia antynomii, którym posługuje się G. Radbruch i dostrzeżenie jego odmienności w porównaniu do antynomii kantowskich. Spojrzenie na antynomie idei prawa z szerszej perspektywy filozoficznej pozwala na krytykę niedoskonałości siatki pojęciowej przyjmowanej przez G. Radbrucha i niezależne od dotychczas występujących w literaturze uzasadnienie ich reinterpretacji.
Penerapan Metode Topsis Untuk Pemilihan Vendor Terbaik
Authors: Lubis Derman Janner , Anindita Nur Amalina
Published: December 2021

The selection of vendors to work on a project is an activity that must be carried out effectively and precisely so that the project is carried out in accordance with business needs and does not suffer losses. To get the best vendor ranking, you can use the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) calculation method. TOPSIS method is a method that generates rankings by calculating the distance between the best solution and the worst solution. The steps to calculate using TOPSIS are identification of alternatives and their values, create a decision matrix, normalize the matrix, calculate the normalization matrix, look for positive and negative solutions, calculate the distance between positive and negative solutions, and calculate relative closeness and sort preferences. In this study using 8 criteria and 5 alternative vendors. Research method using research and development. This method will produce a prototype. The results of the calculation of TOPSIS obtained vendor c who gets the highest score and vendor b with the lowest rank
Effect of plasma nitriding of austenitic stainless steel produced by direct metal laser sintering
Authors: Kovács Dorina , Kemény Dávid Miklós
Published: December 2021

A special additive manufacturing (AM), called as Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS), is a technology that produces 3D workpieces using a wide range of different metals as raw materials. The aim of current research is to investigate the plasma nitriding effect on the DMLS produced samples. The direct current plasma nitriding treatment was achieved at 440 °C for 4 hours with 75%N2 – 25%H2 gas mixture. Before the treatment, the 316L austenitic stainless steels samples were ground with different methods to modify the surface roughness. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer, glow discharge optical electron spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness tester and potentiodynamic corrosion test were used for the characterization of surface properties. The results demonstrated that the surface roughness did not affect the outcome of the plasma nitriding, but the corrosion resistance increases with the decrease of the surface roughness compared to the untreated 3D sample.
The Morpho-Phonology-Semantics Interface in Modern Standard Arabic
Authors: Teimi Cherif
Published: December 2021

The issue of the interface between linguistic components has got much interest in contemporary linguistics especially after the advancements that took place in the discipline of Conceptual Semantics. In essence, linguistics components have all been considered to be equal in terms of deriving meaning. In this article,  the researcher scrutinized how the component of morpho-phonology interfaces with semantics. This aim was achieved through the analysis of intransitive verbs in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA, henceforth).  It was found that intransitive verbs serve well in terms of demonstrating the interface between morpho-phonology and semantics. The morphological and phonological alternations of intransitive verbs result in changes in meaning. Cognition has a central role in generating causative verbs from intransitive ones.
Effects of wave loads on the strength of semisubmersible drilling platform
Authors:   School of Mechatronic Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China, Wang Fei , Deng Xiong ,   College of Petroleum Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China
Published: December 2021

In order to reduce the failure risk of the structures of semisubmersible drilling platform during its service life, this research studies the effects of ocean wave loads on the strength of the platform’s structures. The response spectra of the platform obtained from model test in wave tank were used to verify the accuracy of the numerical model employed in this research. Eight wave load cases, which may affect the strength of the platform but not involved in the classification societies such as ABS and DNV, were newly considered in this research. The results of the research indicate that a) four of the eight newly added wave load cases are found to be greatly affecting the strength of the platform and need to be considered in designing the structures; b) torsional moment and shearing force caused by the ocean wave would cause the stress of the structures of platform at a high level and need to be carefully evaluated.