bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Implementation of Forest Development Financing in Tebing Siring Village, Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan
Authors: Purwaningsih Tri , Mahyudin Idiannor , Hafizianor  , Satriadi Trisnu
Published: June 2023

Tebing Siring Village which is located in Tanah Laut Regency set as forest area Community (HKm) through SK.134/ MenLHK / Setjen /PSKL.0/2/2016 Concerning Work Area Determination Forest societal with area of ± 8,860 hectares in Forest Areas Protected and Forest Areas Production Stay in Tanah Laut Regency South Kalimantan Province. Study purpose analyze the influencing factors implementation of financing development forest in the Tebing Siring village, Tanah Laut Regency. This research was conducted in Tanah Laut Regency, South Kalimantan Province. Object in study For reach objectives 1, 2 and 3 i.e., member group recipient revolving fund facility (FDB) in the village Tebing Siring, Tanah Laut Regency, which consists of from two groups that is group farmer want to advanced , amounting to 23 people and groups farmer Like forward, totaling 17 people. factors which influences the implementation of financing for forest development in Tebing Siring Village, Tanah Laut Regency, namely the timeliness factor of financing distribution. Appropriate use of the budget has a significant effect on success in financing community forestry businesses in villages Tebing Siring. The budget received shows that the community receiving this revolving fund facility, in terms of budget use and budget revenue, 100% of it is used according to the main function of the original purpose for the maintenance and care of rubber plants. Community action on the results of the Community Forest business financing program in the village Tebing Siring shows that all distribution activities and programs have been carried out properly and smoothly.
Feeding Management for Vannamei Shrimp Growth (Litopenaeus vannamei) at the Brackish Water and Marine Fisheries Technical Service Unit in the Southern Region of West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Andriani Yuli , Pratama Rusky I.
Published: June 2023

Feed management plays a crucial role in the growth of Vannamei shrimp and greatly influences aquaculture activities. The aim of this field work practice is to equip students with practical skills and knowledge in the field of Vannamei shrimp production and feed management at the brackish water and southern marine fisheries technical service unit. The descriptive method was employed, and data collection involved gathering both primary and secondary data. The results of the feed management practices conducted at the technical service unit for brackish water and marine fisheries in the Southern Region revealed that feeding was carried out four times a day, using feed sizes 0 and 1. The initial feeding dose provided was 0.4 kg for 120,000 fries, followed by an additional 100 grams of feed per day for shrimp at DOC-30 stage. The determination of feeding parameters followed the index calculation set by the technical service unit.
Unravelling the Genetic Enigma: Exploring the Molecular Basis of Heterosis
Authors: Pansare Mayur , Walia Puneet , Patil Kulbhushan , Gopera Shubham
Published: June 2023

Heterosis, the phenomenon where hybrid offspring exhibit superior traits compared to their inbred parents, has captivated scientists for decades due to its immense potential for crop improvement. Unravelling the molecular basis of heterosis has remained a challenge, but recent advancements in genomic and molecular techniques have shed new light on this intriguing phenomenon. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis. We delve into the intricate interplay of genetic factors and regulatory networks that contribute to the manifestation of heterosis. Genomic studies have revealed structural variations, such as rearrangements and copy number variations, which may play a crucial role in hybrid vigour. Furthermore, we explore the dynamic nature of gene expression patterns during hybridization, highlighting the activation of novel gene networks and the modulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Transcriptomic analyses have identified key genes and pathways associated with heterosis, shedding light on the intricate molecular interactions that drive the superior performance of hybrids. Additionally, we discuss the emerging role of small RNAs, transcription factors, and regulatory elements in orchestrating heterosis. These molecular players act as conductors in the genetic symphony of hybrid vigour, fine-tuning gene expression and facilitating the coordinated functioning of diverse biological processes. Understanding the molecular basis of heterosis holds immense promise for crop improvement and sustainable agriculture. By leveraging this knowledge, breeders can harness the full potential of hybrid breeding to develop high-yielding and resilient crop varieties. This review aims to inspire further research and collaboration in unravelling the mysteries of heterosis, paving the way for innovative strategies to enhance global food security and agricultural productivity.
Effect of Different Levels of Calcium & Magnesium on Production and Quality of Banana (Musa paradisiaca L.) cv. Grand Naine
Authors: Sahu Jyoti , Bahadur Vijay , Topno Samir E. , Naveen Kamatala
Published: June 2023

The present experiment was conducted out during the 2022-2023 at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science Prayagraj. The banana tissue culture cv. Grand Naine G-9 (Cavendish Subgroup, AAA) was brought from government tissues culture, unit Lucknow. Tissue culture plants were left in shade nets condition for 2 weeks due to transportation and environmental stress. Light and frequent irrigation with watering can was done accordingly with respect to moisture levels in the soil. The field experiment was set up in RBD with 9 treatments and three replications. The different levels of Magnesium viz., (75g and 150g /plant) and Calcium viz., (150g and 300 g/plant).Based on the findings of the experiment, it is concluded that RDN + Calcium (150g /plant) showed the highest plant height (3.29 m), plant girth (72.14 cm), number of leaves/plant (27.11), number of sucker at harvest (9.13), leaf area  (10.19 m2), length of inflorescence (122.62 cm), days taken to flowering (281.77), days to taken fruit harvest (83.12), bunch weight (27.28 kg), no. of hands/bunch (10.80), No. of finger per hand (17.33),total number finger of bunch (187.31), finger weight (136.33 g), finger length  (22.87 cm), finger girth (15.20 cm), fruit yield per plant (25.52 kg), TSS (23.48 °Brix), Vitamin C (13.48 mg/100g), carbohydrates (25.44 g/100g), calcium  (10.38 mg/100g) and magnesium (40.38 mg/100g).
Brown Manuring a Reliable Method of Weed Control and Source of Nutrients in Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)
Authors: Das Nikhilesh Kumar , Rao Kulkarni Gokulnandan
Published: June 2023

Aim: This review provides an overview of the reliability and utilization of SBM on the DSR system. And its effectiveness in the real world. Effective weed and nutrient management are crucial for optimizing rice production while minimizing environmental impacts. The BM or specifically SBM has emerged as a valuable method for both weed and nutrient management in rice cultivation.

Methodology: Simply said, brown manuring is a "no-till" variation of green manuring that uses a selective herbicide to desiccate the crop prior to flowering rather than cultivating it. In accordance with this method, green manure crops are produced alongside the crop while being eradicated with herbicide. The plants' leftovers are left standing in the field alongside the primary crop without integration or in-situ plowing until the leftovers begin to break down in the soil. Along with weed control due to its shadow impact, organic manure is helpful to add. Brown manuring signifies the application of a post-emergence herbicide most prominently 2,4-d to green manure leaves which results in the loss of chlorophyll and browning of the leaves. The sustainability of crop yields depends on effective fertilizer management. Only when all possible nutrient sources are integrated and crop needs are met then only yield sustainability can be determined. Organic manures can be quite helpful in this regard. But because these manures are heavy and deficient in nutrients, a replacement is necessary. Another option for providing nutrients to crops from organic sources is green manure, but this option has some drawbacks because it is primarily used with rice crops, which need 45 to 60 days from seeding to decomposition with ideal temperature and moisture levels.

Results: Brown manuring as a method for integrated nutrition management is the remaining viable choice. In addition to being useful for weed control and enhancing soil health, brown manuring is well capable of providing all the nutrients needed by the crops.
Associated Factors with Delay in Prehospital Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Holanda Francisco de Sousa , D'Alessandro Walmirton Bezerra , Damasceno Iangla Araújo de Melo , Vellano Patricia Oliveira , Silva Leda Terezinha Freitas e , Herrera Sávia Denise Silva Carlotto , De Paiva Maykon Jhuly Martins
Published: June 2023

Aims: The aim of this study is to review and analyze the associated factors that contribute to delay in prehospital myocardial infarction, based on published literature.

Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify and analyze the associated factors with delay in prehospital myocardial infarction (MI). Relevant studies published between 2003 and 2022 were searched using predefined search terms in electronic databases. Study selection involved screening titles and abstracts, followed by a full-text evaluation of potentially relevant articles. Data from selected studies were extracted and analyzed qualitatively to identify common patterns and associations. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate tools, and the findings were synthesized narratively.

Results: Sociodemographic and clinical factors, such as older age, female gender, lower socioeconomic status, and comorbidities like diabetes and hypertension, were consistently associated with delayed presentation to healthcare facilities. Individuals with a history of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, were also more likely to experience delays in seeking medical attention for MI symptoms. Psychosocial and behavioral factors, such as fear, denial, low health literacy, and misconceptions about the seriousness of the condition, further impeded timely recognition and response. Additionally, system-level factors, including inadequate infrastructure, limited resources, and overcrowding in emergency departments, contributed to diagnostic delays.

Conclusion: The delay in prehospital myocardial infarction (MI) diagnosis is a significant issue influenced by various factors. Sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial, and system-level factors contribute to this delay. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions, education, and improved access to healthcare can help mitigate delays, improve timely recognition, and enhance outcomes for individuals experiencing MI.
Evaluation of the Treatment of Patients with Fibromyalgia at the Clinical School of Physiotherapy of the University of Gurupi
Authors: Cruz Gláucia Gabrielle Ribeiro da , Francisco Gesiane Araújo , Porfírio Polyana Martins Neiva , Araujo Warly Neves de , Almeida Thaís Bezerra de , Cassimiro Kelly Cristina Nunes Silva , Oliveira Amanda Kalyan Jacier de , Lira Valmir Fernandes de , Reis Kely Montelo , Souza Delvanir Alves Bispo de , Silva Kemily Jully Pires da , Morais Thaynara Francisca das Neves , Souto Paulla Romyna de Oliveira
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic local or general musculoskeletal pain, but rare. May present with muscle stiffness, joint stiffness, insomnia, fatigue, mood swings, cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, general sensitivity, and inability to perform activities of daily living. The present research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments of patients with fibromyalgia of the Clinical School of Physical Therapy of the University of Gurupi.

Materials and Methods: The methodology used for the analysis of the collected data was the statistical approach (described presentation of the results by means of measures of central tendency, based on percentages, statistical tests of comparisons of means and correlation).

Results: We found 400 materials conducive to the subject addressed, but only 234 patients were fitted to the proposed inclusion criteria. 

Conclusion: It is relevant by proving, through the tables, the effectiveness of the techniques used in relation to the improvement of pain and quality of life of these patients.
Artificial Neural Networks for Modeling Rheological Properties under High-Temperature and High-Pressure in Gas Well Cement Slurries
Authors: Roli Amuah Freda , Joel Ogbonna , John Anthony
Published: June 2023

Artificial neural networks (ANN) was used to predict the rheological properties of high temperature high pressure gas well cement slurries. Seven different materials were used as additives which includes: Fresh water, dyckerhoff, silica flour, antifoam, extender, fluid loss, dispersant, retarder, anti-settling agent, gas control agent, dry viscosifier, potassium chloride and accelerator. Four recipes were prepared using these additives in different mixtures. Recipe four have all the additives.  The rheological properties were investigated at different temperatures in the range of 23 to 60ºC using an advanced shear-stress/shear-strain controlled rheometer. Experimental data thus obtained were used to develop predictive models based on back- propagation artificial neural networks. It was found that ANN depicted good agreement with the experimental data, with ANN achieving more accurate predictions. The developed models could effectively predict the rheological properties of new slurries designed within the range of input parameters of the experimental database with an absolute error of 3.43, 3.17, and 2.82%, in the case of ANN, for the different recipes. The flow curves developed using ANN allowed predicting the Bingham parameters (yield stress and plastic viscosity) of the oil well slurries with adequate accuracy. The goal of the process is to choose the network that minimizes the prediction errors/RMSEs. There is however need to avoid an over-trained network. The result showed that over-training of the networks sets in around the scenario when the number of hidden layer neurons exceeds 9. It also demonstrates that the network with 9 hidden layer neurons gave the least RMSEs, and it is this network that has been adopted as the network for the final model development in this work.
User Satisfaction Levels about m-Health Application for Growth Monitoring and Children's Development in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Siswati Tri , Rialihanto Muhammad Primiaji , Nurhidayat Nurhidayat , Tjaronosari Tjaronosari
Published: June 2023

Background: The level of user satisfaction with the m-health application has a significant impact on its long-term viability.

Aims: This study aims to determine user satisfaction levels about m-health applications for growth monitoring and children's development in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from May to November 2022 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The satisfaction survey was conducted on 100 respondents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia using the RASCH method with a mean rating of 1 2 3 4, from very disagree until very agree.

Results: This finding showed that using RASCH method with 14 criteria the mean rate of user satisfaction is 3.5±1.5. The lowest rating is about the app's usage time suits me (3.1±1.4) and the highest rating is about the ease of use and I have many information about children health care (3.5±1.2 and 3.5±1.5 respectively).

Conclusion: Based on user satisfaction evaluation tests, overall are good, for ease of use, helpfull time friendly, comfort, and providing information swiftly and properly. Futher this application needs policies to support children's health programs extensively.
Highlighting State Innovation to Close Coverage Gaps in Perinatal Care for Noncitizens
Authors: Park Jin K. , Reyes-Becerra Clarisa , Makhlouf Medha D.
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint highlights several key steps that states could take to expand perinatal care coverage for noncitizens.
Examination of the Accuracy of Existing Overdose Surveillance Systems
Authors: Griffith Jennifer , Chambers Laura C. , Hallowell Benjamin D. , Gaipo Ashley , Mailloux Craig , Baird Janette , Beaudoin Francesca L. , Samuels Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2023

Importance

Health departments have used a variety of methods for overdose surveillance, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is implementing a standardized case definition to improve overdose surveillance nationally. The comparative accuracy of the CDC opioid overdose case definition vs existing state opioid overdose surveillance systems is unknown.

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of the CDC opioid overdose case definition and existing Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) state opioid overdose surveillance system.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study of ED opioid overdose visits was conducted at 2 EDs in Providence, Rhode Island, at the state’s largest health system from January to May 2021. Electronic health records (EHRs) were reviewed for opioid overdoses identified by the CDC case definition and opioid overdoses reported to the RIDOH state surveillance system. Included patients were those at study EDs whose visit met the CDC case definition, was reported to the state surveillance system, or both. True overdose cases were confirmed by EHR review using a standard case definition; 61 of 460 EHRs (13.3%) were double reviewed to estimate classification accuracy. Data were analyzed from January through May 2021.

Main Outcome and Measure

Accurate identification of an opioid overdose was assessed by estimating the positive predictive value of the CDC case definition and state surveillance system using results from the EHR review.

Results

Among 460 ED visits that met the CDC opioid overdose case definition, were reported to the RIDOH opioid overdose surveillance system, or both (mean [SD] age, 39.7 [13.5] years; 313 males [68.0%]; 61 Black [13.3%], 308 White [67.0%], and 91 other race [19.8%]; and 97 Hispanic or Latinx [21.1%] among each patient visit), 359 visits (78.0%) were true opioid overdoses. For these visits, the CDC case definition and RIDOH surveillance system agreed that 169 visits (36.7%) were opioid overdoses. Of 318 visits meeting the CDC opioid overdose case definition, 289 visits (90.8%; 95% CI, 87.2%-93.8%) were true opioid overdoses. Of 311 visits reported to the RIDOH surveillance system, 235 visits (75.6%; 95% CI, 70.4%-80.2%) were true opioid overdoses.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found that the CDC opioid overdose case definition more often identified true opioid overdoses compared with the Rhode Island overdose surveillance system. This finding suggests that using the CDC case definition for opioid overdose surveillance may be associated with improved data efficiency and uniformity.
Leveraging Goals of Care Interventions to Deliver Personalized Care Near the End of Life
Authors: Manz Christopher R. , Rocque Gabrielle B. , Patel Manali I.
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint discusses barriers to and opportunities for incorporating goal of care communications into end-of-life care.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors for Treatment of Hormone Receptor–Positive, ERBB2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: O’Sullivan Ciara Catherine , Clarke Robert , Goetz Matthew Philip , Robertson John
Published: June 2023

Importance

Combination therapy with cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i: palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib) and endocrine therapy (ET) has been a major advance for the treatment of hormone receptor–positive (HR+), ERBB2 (formerly HER2)–negative (ERBB2−) advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

Observations

Randomized phase 3 studies demonstrated that the addition of CDK4/6i reduced the hazard risk of disease progression by approximately half compared with hormonal monotherapy (an aromatase inhibitor, tamoxifen, or fulvestrant) in the first-line (1L) and/or second-line (2L) setting. Hence, the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approved 3 CDK4/6i, in both 1L and 2L settings. However, differences among the CDK4/6i regarding mechanisms of action, adverse effect profiles, and overall survival (OS) are emerging. Both abemaciclib and ribociclib have demonstrated efficacy in high-risk HR+ early breast cancer. While ET with or without CDK4/6i is accepted as standard treatment for persons with advanced HR+ ERBB2− metastatic breast cancer, several key issues remain. First, why are there discordances in OS in the metastatic setting and efficacy differences in the adjuvant setting? Additionally, apart from HR status, there are few biomarkers predictive of response to CDK4/6i plus ET, and these are not used routinely. Despite the clear OS advantage noted in the 1L and 2L metastatic setting with some CDK4/6i, a subset of patients with highly endocrine-sensitive disease do well with ET alone. Therefore, an unanswered question is whether some patients can postpone CDK4/6i until the 2L setting, particularly if financial toxicity is a concern. Finally, given the lack of endocrine responsiveness following progression on some CDK4/6i, strategies to optimally sequence treatment are needed.

Conclusions and Relevance

Future research should focus on defining the role of each CDK4/6i in HR+ breast cancer and developing a biomarker-directed integration of these agents.
Boron
Authors: Ball R. Wayne
Published: June 2023

Boron is the fifth element of the periodic table and the only electron‐deficient nonmetallic element. Consequently, boron has a high affinity for electronegative atoms such as oxygen and forms strong covalent boron–oxygen bonds in compounds known as borates. Boron is an essential micronutrient in plants and nutritionally important in animals and humans. Boron occurs naturally in all foods; fruits, vegetables, and nuts contain the highest levels. The toxic effects and pharmacokinetics of boron and borates are reviewed. The inorganic boron‐containing materials share many chemical and biological characteristics thought to be due to unique properties of the boron element. This chapter reviews the shared characteristics and the individual inorganic boron‐containing compounds that have a significant use in industry. Some of the more important physical and chemical properties of boron compounds of commercial significance and widespread exposure are listed. Boron has been shown to cause developmental effects and adversely affect male reproduction in laboratory animals. However, there is no clear evidence of male reproductive effects attributable to boron in studies of highly exposed workers or of developmental effects in humans in studies of populations with high exposures to boron.
Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids: Saturated
Authors: Ansari Rais A. , Husain Kazim , Saghir Shakil A.
Published: June 2023

Aliphatic carboxylic acids (ACA) include many chemicals with a wide range of biological and industrial functions. Many are nutritionally important, occur naturally, and take part in normal biochemical processes. ACA are commercially important with annual production of over 3, 1, and 1 billion lbs/year for acetic, formic, and acrylic acids alone, respectively. Generally, ACA are of no serious concern, except at very high levels of experimental or accidental exposures, many are designated as GRAS. Primary adverse effects are irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes from acute exposures to strong water‐soluble acids that can penetrate the skin or those that can volatilize like short‐chain formic, acetic, and propionic acids; dermal sensitization is rare. Saturated ACA are used in a variety of applications, such as in the production of synthetic fiber, resins, plastics, and dyes. Several acids and their esters are important chemical intermediates or solvents and are used in cosmetics or food applications as pH modifiers, preservatives, and antioxidants. Saturated, straight‐chain monocarboxylic acids are metabolized by the β‐oxidation pathway until acetate, propionate, or butyrate are formed which are utilized for energy production via TCA cycle or converted to acetoacetate and subsequently to other ketone bodies, which can be oxidized or excreted in the urine. Propionate originates from odd‐chain acids and is converted to carbohydrates and, unlike acetate, into lipids. This chapter covers 33 ACA their toxicity and workplace exposure limits under a number of regulatory agencies based on the available data.
Esters of Aromatic Diacids (Phthalates)
Authors: Greim Helmut
Published: June 2023

Phthalate esters are used as plasticizers for a variety of plastic materials; those of C8 and above are used to add flexibility to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). They also are used with vinyl and cellulose resins to lend toughness and flexibility. They are commonly used in wire and cable coverings, moldings, vinyl consumer products, and medical devices. Some low‐molecular‐weight phthalate esters (e.g., methyl, ethyl, and butyl) are preferentially used as industrial solvents and in consumer products, such as ink and lacquer. Phthalates occur mainly in liquid form with high boiling ranges and very low vapor pressures, both contributing to the high stability of these materials.

The critical health effects of phthalate esters like DEHP, butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), di‐iso‐butyl phthalate (DIBP), di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DNBP), and dipentyl phthalate (DPP) are their interaction with the endogenous production of fetal testicular testosterone in rats. This impairs the reproduction of rodents by decreasing sperm production so that ECHA has labeled this group as toxic for reproduction (1B), whereas high molecular phthalates (HMP) such as DINP do not warrant classification for effects on sexual function, fertility, and developmental toxicity. Currently, di‐isononylphthalate (DINP) is replacing di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) widely in industrial and consumer products.

Photodegradation half‐lives of dimethyl‐ and diethylphthalate are about 14 and 3 days, respectively, those of the other esters below 1 day. Half‐lives of aerobic degradation differ largely. The acute aquatic EC or LD50 values determined in algae, daphnids, and minnows mostly did not show effects at the solubility limits.

Legal limits of European Commission (EC) for phthalates in plastic layer in direct contact with food are as follows: DBP up to 0.3 mg/kg, BBP, up to 30 mg/kg, DEHP, up to 1.5 mg/kg, sum of DINP and DIDP up to 9 mg/kg.
Exploring the Mechanism ofArctium LappaL. Leaves in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Chemical Profile, Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking
Authors: Mu Shou‐chen , Xue Deng‐feng , Qin Xue‐mei , Du Guan‐hua , Zhou Yu‐zhi
Published: June 2023

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, which urgently needs more effective treatment strategies.Arctium lappaL. leaf (burdock leaf) performs wide pharmacological activities, increasing evidence hinted that burdock leaves can ameliorate AD. This research aims to explore the bioactive ingredients and mechanisms of burdock leaves against AD by performing chemical profiles, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. 61 components are identified by liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry. 792 targets of ingredients and 1661 AD‐related genes are retrieved from public databases. Ten critical ingredients are identified from the topology analysis of the compound‐target network. CytoNCA, AlzData database, and Aging Atlas database contribute to the foundation of 36 potential targets and four clinically significant targets (STAT3, RELA, MAPK8, and AR). The gene ontology (GO) analysis manifests that the included processes are close to the pathogenesis of AD. PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and AGE‐RAGE signaling pathway may be important therapeutic mechanisms. Molecular docking results imply that network pharmacology results are reliable. Furthermore, the clinical meanings of core targets are also evaluated with the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. This research will provide research direction for the application of burdock leaves in the treatment of AD.
Asymmetry analysis of discrete‐time periodic query double‐queue threshold control system
Authors: Yin Dedu , Cheng Man , Wang Xinchun
Published: June 2023

According to the operation mechanism and characteristics of the asymmetric polling system in token ring network, the physical structure model of the system under the asymmetric double‐queues threshold control strategy is established. Under the condition of defining the system state variables and parameters, the mathematical model describing the asymmetric double‐queues threshold control policy was abstracted. The discrete time Markov chain and an important analytical tool for studying the distribution pattern of random variables were used as the analysis method and means. The performance indexes of the asymmetric double‐queues threshold service control system are studied effectively, the average queuing length and the average cycle length of the system are analyzed precisely, the six second‐order characteristic expressions of the system are analyzed completely, and the average waiting delay equation of the system is analyzed optimally. The results of simulation experiment and theoretical numerical calculation are in good agreement. This study presents a further understanding of the internal law of asymmetry problem in the double‐queues threshold control policy so as to create the study basis and conditions for the research of asymmetric multi‐queues threshold control strategy.
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Microneedles for Enhanced Fluid Injection and Suction: A Two‐Photon Polymerization Approach
Authors: Fakeih Esraa , Aguirre-Pablo Andrés A. , Thoroddsen Sigurdur T. , Salama Khaled N.
Published: June 2023

Porous microneedles (MNs) offer broad advantages such as fluid capture and filtration. Compared to hollow MNs, fluid injection through porous MNs causes a broader diffusion spread. Herein, three MN designs with a constant pore size and controlled pore locations are fabricated and compared, using two‐photon polymerization (2PP), by examining factors such as diffusion spread, mixing capabilities, and mechanical resilience. Results show that the porous MN can cover 16 times the injection area than that of the hollow MN. Porous MNs also show good mixing capabilities with two fluids. Mechanical compression results reveal that one porous MN can withstand a load of 0.6 N.
A Comparison of Cellular Uptake Mechanisms, Delivery Efficacy, and Intracellular Fate between Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Gandek Timea B. , van der Koog Luke , Nagelkerke Anika
Published: June 2023

A key aspect for successful drug delivery via lipid‐based nanoparticles is their internalization in target cells. Two prominent examples of such drug delivery systems are artificial phospholipid‐based carriers, such as liposomes, and their biological counterparts, the extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite a wealth of literature, it remains unclear which mechanisms precisely orchestrate nanoparticle‐mediated cargo delivery to recipient cells and the subsequent intracellular fate of therapeutic cargo. In this review, internalization mechanisms involved in the uptake of liposomes and EVs by recipient cells are evaluated, also exploring their intracellular fate after intracellular trafficking. Opportunities are highlighted to tweak these internalization mechanisms and intracellular fates to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of these drug delivery systems. Overall, literature to date shows that both liposomes and EVs are predominantly internalized through classical endocytosis mechanisms, sharing a common fate: accumulation inside lysosomes. Studies tackling the differences between liposomes and EVs, with respect to cellular uptake, intracellular delivery and therapy efficacy, remain scarce, despite its importance for the selection of an appropriate drug delivery system. In addition, further exploration of functionalization strategies of both liposomes and EVs represents an important avenue to pursue in order to control internalization and fate, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy.
In Situ Covalent Reinforcement of a Benzene‐1,3,5‐Tricarboxamide Supramolecular Polymer Enables Biomimetic, Tough, and Fibrous Hydrogels and Bioinks
Authors: Hafeez Shahzad , Decarli Monize Caiado , Aldana Agustina , Ebrahimi Mahsa , Ruiter Floor A.A. , Duimel Hans , van Blitterswijk Clemens , Pitet Louis M. , Moroni Lorenzo , Baker Matthew B.
Published: June 2023

Synthetic hydrogels often lack the load‐bearing capacity and mechanical properties of native biopolymers found in tissue, such as cartilage. In natural tissues, toughness is often imparted via the combination of fibrous noncovalent self‐assembly with key covalent bond formation. This controlled combination of supramolecular and covalent interactions remains difficult to engineer, yet can provide a clear strategy for advanced biomaterials. Here, a synthetic supramolecular/covalent strategy is investigated for creating a tough hydrogel that embodies the hierarchical fibrous architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM). A benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide (BTA) hydrogelator is developed with synthetically addressable norbornene handles that self‐assembles to form a and viscoelastic hydrogel. Inspired by collagen's covalent cross‐linking of fibrils, the mechanical properties are reinforced by covalent intra‐ and interfiber cross‐links. At over 90% water, the hydrogels withstand up to 550% tensile strain, 90% compressive strain, and dissipated energy with recoverable hysteresis. The hydrogels are shear‐thinning, can be 3D bioprinted with good shape fidelity, and can be toughened via covalent cross‐linking. These materials enable the bioprinting of human mesenchymal stromal cell (hMSC) spheroids and subsequent differentiation into chondrogenic tissue. Collectively, these findings highlight the power of covalent reinforcement of supramolecular fibers, offering a strategy for the bottom‐up design of dynamic, yet tough, hydrogels and bioinks.
Exploiting Unique Features of Microneedles to Modulate Immunity
Authors: Edwards Camilla , Shah Shrey. A. , Gebhardt Thomas , Jewell Christopher M.
Published: June 2023

Microneedle arrays (MNAs) are small patches containing hundreds of short projections that deliver signals directly to dermal layers without causing pain. These technologies are of special interest for immunotherapy and vaccine delivery because they directly target immune cells concentrated in the skin. The targeting abilities of MNAs result in efficient immune responses—often more protective or therapeutic—compared to conventional needle delivery. MNAs also offer logistical benefits, such as self‐administration and transportation without refrigeration. Thus, numerous preclinical and clinical studies are exploring these technologies. Here the unique advantages of MNA, as well as critical challenges—such as manufacturing and sterility issues—the field faces to enable widespread deployment are discussed. How MNA design parameters can be exploited for controlled release of vaccines and immunotherapies, and the application to preclinical models of infection, cancer, autoimmunity, and allergies are explained. Specific strategies are also discussed to reduce off‐target effects compared to conventional vaccine delivery routes, and novel chemical and manufacturing controls that enable cargo stability in MNAs across flexible intervals and temperatures. Clinical research using MNAs is then examined. Drawbacks of MNAs and the implications, and emerging opportunities to exploit MNAs for immune engineering and clinical use are concluded.
Cs3Cu2I5 Single Crystal for Efficient Direct X‐Ray Detection
Authors: Wei Qinhua , Fan Xiongsheng , Xiang Peng , Qin Laishun , Liu Wenjun , Shi Tongyu , Yin Hang , Cai Peiqing , Tong Yufeng , Tang Gao , Liu Zugang , Chu Paul K. , Shi Hongsheng , Liu Yanliang , Yu Xue‐Feng
Published: June 2023

Low‐dimensional copper‐based halide single crystals are considered excellent scintillators for indirect X‐ray detection, but their potential in direct X‐ray detection has not been investigated. Herein, high‐quality pure Cs3Cu2I5 and Li‐doped Cs3Cu2I5:Li single crystals are grown by the Bridgman method. The Li+ dopant enhances the photoelectric properties of the Cs3Cu2I5 single crystal by extending the carrier lifetime, improving the carrier mobility from 6.49 to 9.52 cm2 V−1 s−1, and increasing the mobility‐lifetime (µτ) product from 1.4 × 10−4 to 2.9 × 10−4 cm2 V−1. The sensitive direct X‐ray detector with a vertical device configuration of Au/Cs3Cu2I5:Li single crystal/PCBM/Au is fabricated and demonstrated to have a high sensitivity of 831.1 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 and low detection limit of 34.8 nGyair s−1. Furthermore, the detector shows negligible baseline current drift and excellent stability upon X‐ray radiation.
Optimization of Particle Distribution for Asphalt Mixtures in Screw Conveyer of Paver Based on Discrete Element Method and Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Li Yan , Ye Min , Zhang Yi , Sun Yiding , Hao Changfeng
Published: June 2023

To improve the uniformity of asphalt mixtures, optimizing the particle distribution is essential, and the screw conveyor of paver plays a critical role in this process. In this regard, a parameter optimization strategy based on the discrete element method and response surface methodology (RSM) is proposed. First, a discrete element model is developed for spiral material separation and asphalt mixture particles. Next, uniformity evaluation indicators are used to analyze the impact of individual parameters on particle uniformity. Then, simulation experiments are conducted under varying material level coefficients and rotational speeds, and a regression model is developed to analyze the impact of coupling factors using RSM. Afterward, different algorithms are employed to optimize the parameters of the model, and the results show that the particle swarm optimization algorithm is better than the traditional hill climbing algorithm. Last, field tests are conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed optimization strategy. The optimal theoretical parameter of the material level coefficient is 0.95, and the rotational speed is 53 rpm. Overall, the proposed strategy offers an effective and accurate model for simulating the process of particle separation, which can lead to improved uniformity of asphalt mixtures.
Predicting Electronic Structure of Realistic Amorphous Surfaces
Authors: Repa Gil M. , Fredin Lisa A.
Published: June 2023

Amorphous materials underlie the functionality of many devices in photocatalysis, electronics, and other technological applications. The performance of such devices is largely altered by the interfacial characteristics of the material motivating better understanding of their structure function relationships. However, open questions remain about how to generate atomistic representations of amorphous surfaces that are realistic while being amenable to computational study using electronic structure methods. Here, model parameters are explored to generate accurate amorphous surface models using prototypical amorphous titanium dioxide and a melt‐quench approach. In particular, non‐standard model considerations such as minimum sample size, unit cell size, and quench conditions are varied to efficiently explore amorphous structural space. The results indicate different modeling parameters have a substantial effect on surface morphology and electronic structure that significantly alters the interpretations gained by computational study of amorphous interfaces. Critically, it is shown that the structural motifs that contribute to such differences are not detectable by short range structural analysis that has traditionally been used to assess the quality of melt‐quench derived amorphous structures.
Nondestructive 3D Imaging of Microscale Damage inside Polymers—Based on the Discovery of Self‐Excited Fluorescence Effect Induced by Electrical Field
Authors: Sima Wenxia , Tang Xinyu , Sun Potao , Sun Zhenkun , Yuan Tao , Yang Ming , Zhu Chun , Shi Zeyan , Deng Qin
Published: June 2023

The development of high‐precision, non‐destructive, and three‐dimensional (3D) in situ imaging of micro‐scale damage inside polymers is extremely challenging. Recent reports suggest that 3D imaging technology based on micro‐CT technology causes irreversible damage to materials and is ineffective for many elastomeric materials. In this study, it is discovered that electrical trees inside silicone gel induced by an applied electric field can induce a self‐excited fluorescence effect. Based on this, high‐precision, non‐destructive, and 3D in situ fluorescence imaging of polymer damages is successfully achieved. Compared with the current methods, the fluorescence microscopic imaging method enables slicing of the sample in vivo with high‐precision operation, realizing the precise positioning of the damaged area. This pioneering discovery paves the way for high‐precision, non‐destructive, and 3D in situ imaging of polymer internal damage, which can solve the problem of internal damage imaging in insulating materials and precision instruments.
Suicides in Brazilian Federal Highway Police: A retrospective study with 20‐years' data (2001–2020)
Authors: Marins Eduardo Frio , Ferreira Rodrigo Wiltgen , de Freitas Flávio Castagna , Júnior José Rossy e V. , Dutra Geovana Ferreira de Andrade Alves , Caputo Eduardo Lucia
Published: June 2023

Background

To assess the incidence of suicides among Brazilian Federal Highway Police Officers (FHPO) between 2001 and 2020, as well as to describe their sociodemographic and occupational profile.

Methods

A retrospective study analyzed all suicides among FHPO of all Brazilian states between 2001 and 2020 based on personalized police record files.

Results

The average suicide rate was 18.7/100,000 persons per year. A total of 35 suicides were identified, of which 33 (91.4%) were by firearm. Most FHPO who died by suicide were male (94.3%), under the age of 40 (62.9%), working for 10 or more years (57.1%), married (65.7%), parents (68.6%), had health insurance (77.1%), and worked in alternating shifts (54.2%).

Conclusion

The suicide rate among FHPO is high. Due to missing data on age and gender, standardized rates were not reported in the current study, therefore a careful interpretation of the rates reported should be considered.
Isolated small ventricular septal defects in utero: HDlive Flow with spatiotemporal image correlation and HDlive Silhouette case study
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Kawahara Tomomi , Konishi Miyu , Bouno Saori , Yamanishi Tomomi , Koyanagi Aya , Miyake Takahito
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To demonstrate shunt flow through small ventricular septal defects (VSDs) using HDlive Flow with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and HDlive Silhouette.

Methods

Four cases of isolated small VSDs were evaluated using colour Doppler, and HDlive Flow with STIC and HDlive Silhouette.

Results

HDlive Flow with STIC and HDlive Silhouette can improve the ability to depict shunt flow through small VSDs compared with colour Doppler.

Conclusion

This technique provides information on spatial recognition of the shunt flow through isolated small VSDs in real time.
In situ Engineering of Tumor‐Associated Macrophages via a Nanodrug‐Delivering‐Drug (β‐Elemene@Stanene) Strategy for Enhanced Cancer Chemo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Wei , Li Yongjiang , Liu Chuang , Kang Yong , Qin Duotian , Chen Shuying , Zhou Jun , Liu Hai‐Jun , Ferdows Bijan Emiliano , Patel Dylan Neal , Huang Xiangang , Koo Seyoung , Kong Na , Ji Xiaoyuan , Cao Yihai , Tao Wei , Xie Tian
Published: June 2023

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the immunosuppressive solid tumor microenvironment (TME), yet in situ engineering of TAMs for enhanced tumor immunotherapy remains a significant challenge in translational immuno‐oncology. Here, we report an innovative nanodrug‐delivering‐drug (STNSP@ELE) strategy that leverages two‐dimensional (2D) stanene‐based nanosheets (STNSP) and β‐Elemene (ELE), a small‐molecule anticancer drug, to overcome TAM‐mediated immunosuppression and improve chemo‐immunotherapy. Our results demonstrate that both STNSP and ELE are capable of polarizing the tumor‐supportive M2‐like TAMs into a tumor‐suppressive M1‐like phenotype, which acts with the ELE chemotherapeutic to boost antitumor responses. In vivo mouse studies demonstrate that STNSP@ELE treatment can reprogram the immunosuppressive TME by significantly increasing the intratumoral ratio of M1/M2‐like TAMs, enhancing the population of CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells, and elevating the expression of immunostimulatory cytokines in B16F10 melanomas, thereby promoting a robust antitumor response. Our study not only demonstrates that the STNSP@ELE chemo‐immunotherapeutic nanoplatform has immune‐modulatory capabilities that can overcome TAM‐mediated immunosuppression in solid tumors, but also highlights the promise of this nanodrug‐delivering‐drug strategy in developing other nano‐immunotherapeutics and treating various types of immunosuppressive tumors.
Constructing high‐polarization silica for polyimide‐based nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric permittivity and mechanical performances: Molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Yu , Yang Wenlong , Lin Jiaqi , Liu Xinmei , Sun Hongguo , Yang Ying , He Xunjun
Published: June 2023

In this work, the silane coupling agents with 4‐carboxyphenyl (PhCOOH), amino, phenyl, 4‐aminophenyl and 4‐phenylmethylketone were employed to modify the interfaces of the polyimide/SiO2 (PIS) nanocomposites, and the effects of the interfacial structures on the dielectric and the mechanical properties for the PI‐based composites were predicted by molecular dynamics simulation. The results showed that the interface structure with PhCOOH simultaneously elevated the static dielectric permittivity (εs) and Young modulus of the PI‐based composites. Due to enhanced intrinsic polarization of the SiO2 particles and the interface polarization in the composites, the εs of PIS‐PhCOOH composites (6.66) was 28% higher than that of PIS (5.21). Young modulus of PIS‐PhCOOH (5.09 GPa) was higher than that of PIS (3.25 GPa), which was attributed to the increase of the number of hydrogen bonds and non‐bond interaction. In addition, the length of PhCOOH was found to be larger than the thickness of excluded volume region, showing that part of PhCOOH could be embedded into the gaps among PI chains and the interfacial load transfer efficiency was reinforced. These results provided an understanding of the atomic‐scale interfacial structures, which was beneficial for the design and preparation of the nanocomposites with superior dielectric and mechanical performances.