bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’État outre-mer
Authors: Beauvallet Willy , Célestine Audrey , Roger Aurélie
Published: March 2017

La « spécificité » de l’Outre-mer est sans doute l’une des convictions les mieux partagées par les différents acteurs impliqués dans l’action publique à destination des régions concernées, à tel point que, invoquée sur les sujets les plus divers, elle est devenue l’approche essentielle par laquelle ils s’en saisissent. Pourtant, la catégorie « outre-mer », loin de constituer une réalité objective, est le résultat d’une construction historique et sociale issue de mobilisations plurielles. Dans cet article, notre objectif est tout d’abord de montrer la construction institutionnelle de cette catégorie d’action publique en lien avec un espace social élitaire que nous désignons comme « l’État outre-mer » et qui a vu tant son autonomie que sa capacité à porter les intérêts des régions d’Outre-mer se renforcer au fil des années. Il s’agit en outre de montrer qu’au-delà de l’accord général sur la spécificité et l’exceptionnalité des outre-mer, les contours et le contenu de l’action publique les concernant restent l’objet de luttes de définition et de classement.
Understanding and Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Global Village
Authors: Hashmi Ali M. , Ali Ali Ahsan , Vowell Dennis R. , Khawaja Imran S.
Published: March 2017

The United States population continues to become more geographically, linguistically, and culturally diverse. Health care professionals, including psychiatrists, have to manage an increasing number of patients from a variety of cultural backgrounds. In addition to language barriers, cultural issues are becoming increasingly important in assessing and treating patients from different cultures including those suffering from trauma-related illnesses. With the persistence of domestic and international conflicts and terroristic incidents all over the world, posttraumatic stress disorder and trauma-related illness rates may continue to rise. Psychiatrists and mental health professionals need to be familiar with how the effects of trauma and trauma-related illness present across different cultures and how assessment and treatment will need to differ in these different populations. The American Psychiatric Association has responded to these challenges by including a section on “Cultural Formulation” in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
, fifth edition (
DSM-5
). This article focuses on examining various aspects of the presentation of trauma-related illness in different cultures with specific emphasis on culturally sensitive assessment and treatment along the lines advised in
DSM-5
. The article also includes guidelines for clinicians on how to incorporate culture-specific approaches and tools in their day-to-day practice to achieve optimal outcomes for patients and their families.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(3):128–133.]
When Memories Become Malignant: An Update on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Imran Nazish , Haider Imran Ijaz , Azeem Muhammad Waqar
Published: March 2017

Children and adolescents are susceptible to developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which has serious consequences for their emotional, physical, social, and cognitive development. Sources of traumatic stress in children are many, such as loss of a loved one, accidents, community or school violence, domestic violence, physical or sexual abuse, man-made or natural disasters, and terrorism. Due to the wide range of reactions seen in children according to their age and developmental levels, it is not possible to directly apply adult PTSD criteria to them. This article discusses issues related to etiology, assessment, and diagnosis of PTSD in children and adolescents. It describes the comorbidities and the neurobiological basis of PTSD symptomatology and critically evaluates current psychological and pharmacological treatments of PTSD in the pediatric population.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(3):139–144.]
Understanding Suicide Bombing Through Suicide Research: The Case of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Murad Moosa
Published: March 2017

In recent years, both suicide and suicide bombing (SB) have increased dramatically in Pakistan, a developing country in South Asia. Suicide had been a relatively rare event, and SB was virtually unknown. Over the last 20 to 30 years, however, there have been countless SB acts with a great deal of casualties. In Pakistan, both suicide and SB acts are mostly perpetrated by young, single men from low socioeconomic strata. Although both are distinct phenomena—suicide is an intensely personal act, whereas the purpose of SB is to inflict injury and death on others—there are common factors such as poverty, deprivation, unemployment, and lack of education. Understanding commonalities in suicide and SB is important for prevention. Prevention programs should focus on improving social conditions that appear to contribute to the frustration and anger evident in people who commit suicide and SB acts.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2017;47(3):145–150.]
Characterizing Growth and Condition of Endangered Humpback Chub in the Lower Colorado River
Authors: III William E. Pine , Gerig Brandon S. , Finch Colton
Published: March 2017

This paper is a preface to the two papers that follow in this issue. The two papers (by Pine et al. and Hayes et al.) use long-term fish sampling data from ongoing Humpback Chub monitoring efforts and archival otolith samples (from museums) collected in the lower Colorado and Little Colorado Rivers during periods of both cold- and warm-water conditions to assess whether Humpback Chub growth characteristics may have responded to changes in water temperature. Growth patterns are often of interest to resource managers because growth integrates a large range of environmental and ecological factors, including habitat conditions. Together, these papers contribute information to a large collection of recent studies, developing a line of evidence designed to inform management decisions related to water releases, dam operations, and management actions that could be taken to aid recovery of native fish populations in regulated river systems around the world.
Body Condition of Endangered Humpback Chub in Relation to Temperature and Discharge in the Lower Colorado River
Authors: Hayes Forest P. , Dodrill Michael J. , Gerig Brandon S. , Finch Colton , III William E. Pine
Published: March 2017

Determining the population status of endangered Humpback Chub Gila cypha is a major component of the adaptive management program designed to inform operation of Glen Canyon Dam upstream from Grand Canyon, Arizona. In recent decades, resource managers have identified a portfolio of management actions (with intermittent implementation) to promote population recovery of Humpback Chub, including nonnative fish removal, changes in water release volumes and discharge ramping schedules, and reductions in hydropower peaking operations. The Humpback Chub population in Grand Canyon has increased over this same period, causal factors for which are unclear. We took advantage of unusual hydrology in the Colorado River basin in 2011 to assess trends in juvenile Humpback Chub length–weight relationships and condition in the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam as well as in the unregulated Little Colorado River. Within each river, we observed higher length–weight b-parameter estimates (exponent of the standard power equation) at higher water temperatures. We also found higher slope estimates for the length–weight relationship at higher temperatures in the Little Colorado River. Slope estimates were more variable in the Colorado River, where mean water temperatures were more uniform. The next step is to examine whether Humpback Chub length–weight relationships influence population metrics such as abundance or survival. If these relationships exist, then monitoring condition in juvenile Humpback Chub would provide a quick and low-cost technique for assessing population response to planned management experiments or changing environmental conditions.
Pedagogical Indexed Arabic Text in Cloud E-Learning System
Authors: Haffar Nafaa , Maraoui Mohsen , Aljawarneh Shadi , Bouhorma Mohammed , Alnuaimi Abdallah Altahan , Hawashin Bilal
Published: March 2017

The Cloud E-Learning Systems for the Arabic language are relevant environments in many areas of training (teaching Arabic language) but also pose problems related to their creation tedious, costly in resources and time, and problems related to the search for information because of the increasing amount of information available and because of the methods of indexing, which is based on static methods such as keyword search that makes irrelevant the research process. For this, a new method of indexation is required. In this paper, a new Arabic text is proposed indexing approach using the creation of a new application profile of the LOM metadata schema (Learning Object Metadata) for the Arabic language. This profile includes the fields of LOM standard, and adds new fields for specific search information to Arabic language, and meets the needs of a teacher. Also, it's all using natural language processing tools like SAPA and AL-KHALIL.
XML OLAP Cube in the Cloud Towards the DWaaS
Authors: DKAICH Rihane , EL AZAMI Ikram , MOULOUDI Abdelaziz
Published: March 2017

Datawarehouses can be extremely large and ressource demanding, which is not always affordable in a local environment. Hence, in order to deal with the big amounts of data held in the datawarehouses, Cloud warehousing seems to be the solution. On the other hand, many entreprises use datawarehouses for data analysis and use XML to deal with semi-structured data but also to take advantage of the web environment. Therefore, the idea of combining the two solutions in a parallel environment seems necessary. Thus, the goal of the study presented in this paper is to use XML to store and exchange data and to connect it to the distributed processing of multidimentional data. This article deals with the problematic of storing documents in distributed environments such as the cloud nodes, and discusses the possibility of combining the storage of data and the decisional analysis based on OLAP cubes in cloud environments, using the MapReduce model for query processing.
A Hybrid PSO-LEVY Flight Algorithm Based Fuzzy PID Controller for Automatic Generation Control of Multi Area Power Systems
Authors: Barisal Ajit Kumar , Panigrahi Tapas Kumar , Mishra Somanath
Published: March 2017

This article presents a hybrid PSO with Levy flight algorithm (LFPSO) for optimization of the PID controllers and employed in automatic generation control (AGC) of nonlinear power system. The superiority of the proposed LFPSO approach has been demonstrated with comparing to recently published Lozi map-based chaotic optimization algorithm (LCOA) and Particle swarm optimization to solve load-frequency control (LFC) problem. It is found that the proposed LFPSO method has robust dynamic behavior in terms of settling times, overshoots and undershoots by varying the system parameters and loading conditions from their nominal values as well as size and locations of disturbance. Secondly, a three-area thermal power system is considered with nonlinear as Generation Rate Constraints (GRC) and outperforms to the results of Bacteria Foraging algorithm based integral controller as well as hybrid Differential Evolution and Particle Swarm Optimization based fuzzy PID controller for the similar power system. Finally, the proficiency of the proposed controller is also verified by random load patterns.
Neural Fuzzy Control of Ball and Beam System
Authors: Kharola Ashwani , Patil Pravin P.
Published: March 2017

This paper presents an offline control of ball and beam system using fuzzy logic. The objective is to control ball position and beam orientation using fuzzy controllers. A Matlab/Simulink model of the proposed system has been designed using Newton's equations of motion. The fuzzy controllers were built using seven gbell membership functions. The performance of proposed controllers was compared in terms of settling time, steady state error and overshoot. The simulation results are shown with the help of graphs and tables which illustrates the effectiveness and robustness of proposed technique.
Web Services Description and Discovery for Mobile Crowdsensing
Authors: Bradai Salma , Khemakhem Sofien , Jmaiel Mohamed
Published: March 2017

The rapid growth of sensor-enabled smartphone is driven phenomena of common interest to be observed while leveraging people mobility and their sensory data collection. This paradigm known as mobile crowdsensing has demonstrated its efficiency in data collection over the last years, enabling the monitoring of traffic, pollution, people density and more. However, it stills pose interesting challenges, with particular regard to the management of collected data, dealing with their presentation and standardization in an interoperable infrastructure. Current visions of future crowdsensing systems share common goal of integrating those data into powerful real time web services accessible and discoverable via the web. In this paper the authors dig into this axis and define several criteria that allow succeeding it. They pay particular attention to semantic description and discovery techniques and evaluate proposed approaches by defining their strengths and shortcomings. The authors also propose guidelines for future researches.
Digital Forensic Analysis of Cybercrimes
Authors: Sabillon Regner , Serra-Ruiz Jordi , Cavaller Victor , Cano Jeimy J.
Published: March 2017

This paper reviews the existing methodologies and best practices for digital investigations phases like collecting, evaluating and preserving digital forensic evidence and chain of custody of cybercrimes. Cybercriminals are adopting new strategies to launch cyberattacks within modified and ever changing digital ecosystems, this article proposes that digital investigations must continually readapt to tackle cybercrimes and prosecute cybercriminals, working in international collaboration networks, sharing prevention knowledge and lessons learned. The authors also introduce a compact cyber forensics model for diverse technological ecosystems called Cyber Forensics Model in Digital Ecosystems (CFMDE). Transferring the knowledge, international collaboration, best practices and adopting new digital forensic tools, methodologies and techniques will be hereinafter paramount to obtain digital evidence, enforce organizational cybersecurity policies, mitigate security threats, fight anti-forensics practices and indict cybercriminals. The global Digital Forensics community ought to constantly update current practices to deal with cybercriminality and foreseeing how to prepare to new technological environments where change is always constant.
PKI Deployment Challenges and Recommendations for ICS Networks
Authors: Rao Nandan , Srivastava Shubhra , K.S. Sreekanth
Published: March 2017

Different types of Control Systems used for Industrial production are broadly called Industrial Control Systems (ICS) (n.d.). These include Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems and Distributed Control Systems (DCS). ICS typically perform the “Command and Control” operations required for smooth functioning of machines in industrial production. They are widely used in Critical infrastructures such as power generation and distribution systems, Oil and Gas plants, Chemical factories and various other manufacturing facilities. Traditionally, ICS used proprietary protocols and operated in isolation. Perimeter security was considered enough as the only means to compromise these systems was via physical access to the systems. However, increased standardization, open architecture adoption and connectivity to enterprise networks as well as internet opened up these systems for a wide range of audience and enabled remote attacks. In this new operation landscape, it is imperative that newer means of securing the networks are adopted continuously. One of the security considerations for the ICS networks is the communication paths used by these networks. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) (n.d.) plays a key role in securing the communication of ICS networks. Using Digital Certificates, PKI provides a mechanism to verify the identity of all the entities on a network and also ensures that the information is shared securely between communicating entities. PKI is a proven mechanism for secure communication and is widely used in many organizations. However, PKI as a solution to ICS security is challenging due to factors such as resource constrained environments, bandwidth considerations and hard real-time communication requirements. This paper intends to focus on key challenges in Digital Certificate management and correct deployment of PKI in ICS networks and will also present recommendations to overcome these challenges without compromising the basic functionalities of ICS.
Supply Chain Contracting with Linear Utility Function
Authors: Wang Ningning , Gu Jibao , Gou Qinglong , Yue Jinfeng
Published: March 2017

The supply chain contracting has traditionally been based on the profit maximization assumption. Recent research has shown that some behavior factors may influence the decision making of supply chain members. The authors utilize a linear utility function to depict such behavior factors and incorporate these into the newsvendor model. The linear utility function provides sufficient flexibility to better capture people's various behavior factors. By supposing the agents are concerned with behavior factors, the authors first investigate how the factors affect the supply chain under wholesale price contract, and find that they do not influence coordination condition, but can adjust the distribution of profits. Then they extend their study to other four common contracts with a similar method and systematically demonstrate that the behavior of agents in such a linear setting has no effect on the conditions of coordinating supply chain.
Spores, pollen, dinoflagellates and acritarchs from Lower Cretaceous rocks on Horton River, District of Mackenzie, Canada
Authors: Brideaux W W , McIntyre D J
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the taxonomy, paleoecology and biostratigraphy of spores, pollen, dinoflagellate cysts and acritarchs from seven sections of Lower Cretaceous rocks on Horton River, District of Mackenzie, Canada. The strata belong to the Langton Bay and
Horton River Formations, and are assigned an Aptian to Middle Albian age based on palynology.
108 species of spores and pollen and 65 species and 2 subspecies of dinoflagellates and acritarchs are treated. One new pollen species, Parvisaccites hortenensis is described. Two new dinoflagellate genera, Batioladinium (= Broomea Cookson & Eisenack, in part) and Luxadinium, are proposed,
as well as eight new species. These are: Leptodinium cancellatum, Leptodinium modicum, Microdinium spinosum, Dictyopyxidia imperfecta, Pterodinium verrucosum, Scriniodinium rostratum, Senoniasphaera microreticulata, and Luxadinium primulum. A new combination, Batiol adinium jaegeri gen. et comb.
nov. and a new name, Luxadinium propatulum gen. et nom. nov., are introduced.
A reappraisal of the regional hydrocarbon potential of the Scotian Shelf
Authors: Nantais P T
Published: March 2017

The hydrocarbon potential of the Scotian Shelf has been re-evaluated in light of recent data provided by increased exploration activity and new oil and gas generation models for terrestrial organic matter. Geothermal gradient data, based on corrected downhole
temperatures, has been updated and revised. Regionally, patterns on geothermal gradient maps reflect basement topography and the presence or absence of salt at depth. Locally, the primary control is sand/shale ratio and the presence of carbonates. Subsurface fluids have resulted in a geothermal high
coincident with the carbonate front at the western end of the Sable Subbasin. Higher primary heat flux from the basement hinge zone may also be a factor. Patterns of organic matter types and total organic carbon have been investigated and found to be related to age and paleoenvironment. The
gas-condensate nature of the hydrocarbons on the shelf is attributed to the terrestrial nature of the organic material. Only late Middle-early Late Jurassic sediments possess enough amorphous material to source liquid hydrocarbons. A variety of maturation indicators including %R0 , TTI, TAI,
cuttings gas analyses and temperature have been calibrated. Absolute values vary with basinal position due to the age of the sediments and subsidence rate. Only the lowermost Cretaceous and older section can be termed fully mature. At high rates of heating, TAI responds more quickly than vitrinite,
which may explain the apparent discrepancies between maturation indicators over the Primrose salt diapir. Oil generation in the Abenaki Subbasin, LaHave Platform, Orpheus Graben and Scotian slope is unlikely. The organic matter is of insufficient quantity and quality to source oil. The LaHave
Platform is immature to basement. Some dry gas may be sourced from shales and coal beds within the Missisauga and/or MicMac Formations of the Abenaki Aubbasin. Due to rapid subsidence and short cooking times, shales on the slope are unlikely to source oil. There is also some question as to the
existance of reservoir facies or migration pathways to shallower reservoirs in this area. In the Sable Island area, potential source rocks have good communication with reservoir facies, however, to the south, the fully mature zone occurs within a thick shale section and migration pathways are
restricted. Oil on the shelf is the consequence of maturation of organic matter which was preferentially preserved under unique environmental conditions. A mechanism must exist whereby the deep, mature shales can be drained. The lack of oil found in seaward wells with communication to potential
source beds reflects insufficient maturation and/or deterioration of source rock potential. A hydrocarbon generating model has been constructed for the Scotian Shelf based on total organic carbon, gas to condensate or oi l ratios, observed maturation and known hydrocarbon discoveries. The model
applies only to the Scotian Shelf and to terrestrial organic matter.
Recommendations from GlobeSAR on RADARSAT Operational Modes
Authors: Brown R J , D'Iorio M , Brisco B
Published: March 2017

GlobeSAR is a highly successful international program designed to transfer technology on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) from Canada to the participating countries and to further develop applications of RADARSAT. While the flexibility in RADARSAT's beam modes and
configuration enhances the use of the SAR data for geoscience applications it also adds complexity to the data ordering and selection process. The trade-offs between swath coverage, resolution, number of looks, and incidence angle must all be considered when ordering, processing, and analyzing the
data. This paper describes preliminary recommendations for selecting the optimum RADARSAT operating mode for various applications being studied in GlobeSAR. Ancillary data requirements for successful use of the SAR data are also addressed.
Geoscience Applications with Polarimetric SAR
Authors: Brisco B , Brown R S , Livingstone C , Paterson S
Published: March 2017

The development of phase preserving processors for radar data has led to the recent availability of polarimentric SAR imagery for geoscience applications. This has also generated the need for a new and updated 'tool kit' for the application specialist to apply to
the data for processing, information extraction, and displaying the results. This paper describes some of the new tools and techniques useful for the analysis of polarimetric SAR data and presents some results from the agriculture, forestry, geology, hydrology, ice, and ocean application
areas.
Adaptive Compensation of RADARSAT SAR Analoque-to-Digital Converter Saturation Power Loss
Authors: Vachon P W , Gray A L , Livingstone C , Luscombe A P
Published: March 2017

Dark rangeward bands sometimes appear in RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery of the coastal zone. These bands may be visible over land or ice when water is in the near range. This artifact arises since RADARSAT's automatic gain control (AGC) is set by
the near-half swath alone, while the far-half swath could return more power than the near-half swath, depending on scene content. If the gain is inappropriately set too high for the far-half swath, then the radar's 4-bit analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) will saturate, one effect of which is a
loss in power and the appearance of the image banding. We havetested a simple correction methodology to improve image radiometry under these circumstances. Based upon measurement of the signal data variance and the power loss properties of a 4-bit ADC, an adaptive gain parameter is estimated which
is used to scale the signal data and recover the lost power. As the ADC saturation represents a real information loss, the dynamic range of the rescaled image is reduced in the saturated regions. The methodology has been implemented for our workstation-based SAR processor. We describe the correction
methodology and present some algorithm test results.
SPOT and Landsat Stereo Fusion for Data Extraction over Mountainous area
Authors: Toutin Th
Published: March 2017

In thematic and cartographic applications planimetric features are extracted from multi-sensors images such as SPOT and Landsat, to take advantage of their complimentarities. When no precise elevation data is available, mainly in mountainous area, to
ortho-rectify these images, digital photogrammetric stereo workstations (stereo DPWS) are now available for the interactive stereo fusion and plotting of multi-sensor stereo pairs. This paper presents a method and the quantitative results on the extraction of planimetric and altimetric features from
a stereo pair generated with mixed sensors images SPOT-P and Landsat-TM, using the stereo DPWS, the DVP available at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing. Results from this mixed sensors stereo pair, which exhibits a base-to-height-ratio of 0.49, in a mountainous area of the Rocky Mountains (Canada)
show a planimetric accuracy of 11-12 m for well identifiable cartographic features, and an altimetric accuracy of 37 m for the extracted elevation data.
Investigating the Relationship Between Crop Residue Cover and Radar Backscatter
Authors: McNairn H , Boisvert J B , Duguay C , Huffman E , Brown R
J
Published: March 2017

Post-harvest agricultural surfaces have varying amounts of crop residue cover, with the amount and type of cover determining, in part, the erodibility and health of the topsoil. If RADARSAT is to be used to map residue and/or tillage in order to monitor soil
conservation practices, an understanding is required of the relationship between residue and radar backscatter. During the Fall of 1996, an experiment was conducted on agricultural plots at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Central Experimental Farm in Ottawa. The experiment was designed to
address the importance of residue type (corn and barley), residue moisture content and residue amount to radar backscatter, and to examine the effect of look direction on radar response. Scatterometer measurements (C- and L-Band with 4 linear polarizations) were made over corn and barley plots with
treatments varying by residue amount and moisture level. Soil and residue moisture data were collected during 9 days of scatterometer acquisitions. This paper describes the preliminary results on the relationship between residue characteristics and C-Band radar backscatter, which demonstrated that
using RADARSAT and ERS-2 configurations, some information can be provided on residue management practices.
Application of Remote Sensing Data for Monitoring of Gas Pipeline Right-of-Way
Authors: Fung K B , Fraser D W , Gauthier R P
Published: March 2017

Networks of oil and gas pipelines carrying petroleum products are significant to our economy. Even though most of the pipeline is buried underground, it can still pose a threat to our fragile environment. Over the last 10 years, monitoring of the network has been
done mainly through the use of black and white aerial photographs, ground surveys and airborne inspection. Of concern to the oil and gas industry are disturbances to the network by accidental spills, encroachment from human activities, and land form changes due to fires, floods and other natural
events.
 Under the Local Environmental Applications Program, NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. is collaborating with the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) in a demonstration project to use remote sensing techniques for monitoring the pipeline right-of-way (ROW). In July 1997
CCRS acquired remote sensing data from satellite and airborne platforms along the Western Main pipeline that runs through Cochrane, Alberta. Ground measurements were also made within a few weeks of the airborne data acquisition. This paper will present some of the GIS concerns in this project and
describe the structure of a compact disk for the demonstration project results.
Assessing Crop Vigor from High Spatial and High Spectral Optical Imagery
Authors: Brown R J , McNairn H , Wood D , Staenz K , Deguise J -C
Published: March 2017

Early detection of crop stress and estimates of crop biomass allow agricultural producers to implement the necessary steps to mitigate against crop infestations or to boost yields in areas of lower productivity. The Canada Centre for Remote Sensing has been
involved in a multi-year project to determine the information content in high spatial and high spectral data sets for use in precision agriculture. Early results indicate that several indicators of crop vigor are significantly correlated with pseudo-reflectance values.
Spatial High Resolution Crop Measurements with Airborne Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
Authors: Deguise J -C , McGovern M , McNairn H , Staenz K
Published: March 2017

With the future launch of high spectral and spatial resolution satellites, we foresee that that it will be possible to use the information from these satellites in a timely fashion for the detection of stress, the prediction of yield and as a diagnostic tool for
recurring low productivity areas for numerous crops. Preliminary results indicate a correlation between the vegetation fraction of airborne hyperspectral pixels and ground truth validation measurements. The advantages of the pixel unmixing algorithm for within-field crop properties mapping will be
demonstrated.
3D Data Stereoscopic Extraction from Mixed VIR and SAR Sensors
Authors: Toutin Th
Published: March 2017

By choosing compromises to reduce geometric and radiometric disparities, the brain is able to perceive depth suitable for stereo mapping planimetric and elevation features using mixed radar and visible sensors. Planimetric and elevation accuracies of about 30 m
and 20 m, respectively are obtained for opposite and same-side ERS-SAR and SPOT-P stereo images. From the stereo-fusion of these two ERS-SAR/SPOT-P pairs, the radiometry of the SPOT-P images mainly contributes to determine the planimetric features with the quality of its image content, while the
geometry of the ERS-SAR image mainly contributes to determine the elevation with its high sensitivity to the terrain relief.
Analysis of Glacier Flow Dynamics from Preliminary RADARSAT InSAR Data of the Antarctic Mapping Mission
Authors: Forster R , Jezek K C , Sohn H G , Gray A L , Mattar K
Published: March 2017

The entire continent of Antarctica was mapped at a 25-meter resolution with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) during the Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMP) over a 30-day period on the fall of 1997 providing a static snapshotof the ice sheet [1]. Since
Radarsat-1 has a 24-day orbit cycle, repeat-pass interferometric SAR (InSAR) data was also acquired. The extensive InSAR data [1,2] will provide a view of ice sheet kinematics, for use in studies of glacier dynamics over vast unexplored areas. This information is required to determine the response
of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to present and future climate change. In this paper we present the results of analysis of an InSAR pair for the Recovery Glacier, East Antarctica.
Extraction of Crop Information From RADARSAT-1 Imagery
Authors: McNairn H , Brown R J , Ellis J , Wood D
Published: March 2017

During the 1997 growing season, the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing acquired 10 Standard and Fine Mode RADARSAT scenes over an agricultural test site centred on Carman, Manitoba (Canada). One purpose of this multi-year project was to address the information
content of RADARSAT data for mapping crop type and for extracting information on crop condition. The application of RADARSAT for extraction of crop information is particularly attractive because of the all weather capability associated with SAR acquisitions and the sensitivity of microwaves to
canopy structure and moisture.
 During the data acquisition phase of the project, RADARSAT images a wide range of agricultural crops, at various developmental stages. In addition to the radar imagery, SPOT XS, Landsat Thematic Mapper and IRS-1C PAN optical imagery were
acquired. During the period of peak biomass, crops were characterized on more than 300 fields across the site. In addition, within-field crop information related to crop condition (biomass, height and plant water content) was gathered on 12 fields across the study site.

Results have indicated that the best separabilities among crop types were observed when crops were in the process of seed development. Also, multi-date RADARSAT and optical data appeared to improve discrimination of crops, although separating spring wheat remained difficult. Preliminary analysis has
indicated that both RADARSAT and satellite optical data provide information related to crop condition.
RADARSAT SAR for Imaging Coastal Zones and Oceans: An Update of CCRS Activities
Authors: van der Sanden J J , Bjerkelund C , Chunchuzov I , Vachon P W
Published: March 2017

The potential of the RADARSAT SAR for the detection of ships and the mapping of atmospheric phenomena is discussed. The ship detection algorithm described is implemented in the Ocean Monitoring Workstation (OMW). The capability of the RADARSAT/OMW combination to
detect a range of ships is demonstrated with a 97% detection rate for those radar beams most suited to ship detection (F1-5, S4-7, W3). Sample images illustrate that the RADARSAT SAR shows good potential for the mapping of different atmospheric phenomena. It is proposed that RADARSAT is able to
provide a unique contribution to operational marine meteorology. The application potential of RADARSAT is expected to improve with the launch of RADARSAT-2 in the year 2001.
The Impact of RADARSAT ScanSAR Image Quality on Ocean Wind Retrieval
Authors: Vachon P W , Hawkins R K
Published: March 2017

We compare image quality and radiometric calibration of several RADARSAT ScanSAR processors to assess impact on ocean wind retrieval. To address the relative state of ScanSAR processing, we arranged to have several ocean scenes processed by four different ScanSAR
processors. We found some variability in image quality and radiometric calibration. Nevertheless, ScanSAR images should be able to provide useful high-resolution wind field information at near-synoptic scales.
Wind Fields from SAR: Could They Improve Our Understanding of Storm Dynamics?
Authors: Katsaros K , Vachon P W , Black P , Dodge P , Uhlhorn E
Published: March 2017

Four hurricane images obtained by RADARSAT were examined. Strong variations in backscatter from the surface in and around convective cells associated with rain cells and rain bands were observed, coupled with increased backscatter in regions of high wind outflow.
Long linear features of 3 to 6 km were also noted in three of the four hurricanes, probably due to secondary circulations in the atmospheric boundary layer (roll vortices). They occurred between convective rain bands, where the descending motion could produce a well-defined boundary layer. Although
the origins and mechanisms producing the features are still not clear,the high-resolution wide swath coverage modes of synthetic aperture radar provide new insights and present important questions for further research. (Keywords: Hurricanes, Roll vortices, SAR winds, Surface
features.)
Tributaries of West Antarctic Ice Streams Revealed by RADARSAT Interferometry
Authors: Joughin I , Gray A L , Bindschadler R , Price S , Morse D , Hulbe C , Mattar K
E , Werner C
Published: March 2017

Interferometric RADARSAT data are used to map ice motion in the source areas of four West Antarctic ice streams. The data reveal that tributaries, coincident with subglacial valleys, provide a spatially extensive transition between slow inland flow and rapid ice
stream flow and that adjacent ice streams draw from shared source regions. Two tributaries flow into the stagnant ice stream C, creating an extensive region that is thickening at an average rate of 0.49 meters per year. This is one of the largest rates of thickening ever reported in
Antarctica.
Maintenance of Radiometric Calibration Performance of RADARSAT-1
Authors: Banik B , Adamovic M , Srivastava S K , Hawkins R K , Murnaghan K
Published: March 2017

RADARSAT-1, the first Canadian SAR remote sensing satellite, was launched on November 4, 1995. After commissioning, it was put into routine operations on April 1st, 1996. Significant effort has been expended in the provision of geometrically and radiometrically
calibrated products to users. After calibration, the beams are monitored routinely as part of the Maintenance Phase for image quality. Radiometric accuracy performance is monitored through periodic measurements of the elevation beam pattern of single beams using images of the Amazon rainforest. For
some beams, pattern changes have occurred after calibration, but compensation has been made in the processor by recalibrating these beams. This paper describes the overall process of data acquisition, data analysis and recalibration for maintaining calibration accuracies within the design goal
limits. Software tools developed in support of this work are also described.
Spatial Variations of Ocean Wave Spectra in Coastal Regions from RADARSAT and ERS Synthetic Aperture Radar Images
Authors: Ocampo-Torres F J
Published: March 2017

Complex ocean wave patterns are visible in ERS-2 and RADARSAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Within the coastal zone, bathymetry, coastal currents, and changing wind conditions can enhance the wave field's non-linear nature. It is, therefore, appropriate
to use a wavelet decomposition to avoid homogeneity assumptions. Through this analysis, the spatial variability of the wave field is revealed and its spectral evolution can be measured as the waves approach the coast. We address the spatial evolution of the wave field in an ERS-2 SAR image of a
coastal zone and in a RADARSAT SAR image of Hurricane Mitch.
Unlocking the Potential for Landsat 7 Data
Authors: Cheng P , Toutin Th , Victor T
Published: March 2017

After a series of long delays, the Landsat 7 satellite was successfully lifted into orbit on April 15, 1999. Landsat 7 data consists of six visible infrared (IR) bands ), two thermal infrared bands (60 m at low and high gains), and one panchromatic band (15 m).
This data is now available for online viewing and purchase via the Internet from both the United States Geological Survey (USGS) web site and from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) web site. Large portions of the Earth's landmass are being imaged every sixteen days, with the
capability to collect as many as 450 scenes daily. These images are used to monitor nature's mysteries -- from the movement of ice streams in Antarctica to the temperature of active volcanoes in Hawaii, even the effects of urban growth on metropolitan areas around the world.

 The release of Landsat 7 data has had a significant impact on the geomatics industry in two principal areas. First, Landsat 7 data is sold at the cost of reproduction and distribution -- US$475 for each raw data scene or US$600 per scene for system corrected data (L1R -
radiometrically corrected, L1G - geometrically and radiometrically corrected). This price is extremely low in comparison with other commercial forms of satellite data, thus making Landsat 7 data one of the most practical sources of quality satellite data. This distribution approach virtually ensures
that satellite imagery will soon be used by more people and for a wider range of applications than ever before. Secondly, the addition of a new panchromatic band sensor, which covers an area of approximately 180 km by 180 km, should broaden the role of Landsat 7 data to include new areas of
operation such as monitoring urban growth, updating maps, integration of cartographic features with geographic information system (GIS) data, and so forth. In fact, Landsat 7 provides nine times the coverage of a 10-m panchromatic SPOT scene.
 Many questions arise regarding
the use of the new Landsat 7 data. For example, how will Landsat 7 data is geometrically corrected so that it can be used as an image-map? Which level of data should be used for the correction? How can panchromatic data be fused with the infrared data and yet preserve the spectral characteristics of
each band? How does the resolution of Landsat 7 data compare with other satellite data? The answers to these questions and others will help end users to decide which satellite data to purchase for their respective applications.
RADARSAT-1 Interferometric Potential for Monitoring Volcanic Activity: The Guagua Pichincha Volcano, Ecuador
Authors: Lukowski T I , Budkewitsch P , Charbonneau F , Stix J
Published: March 2017

The Guagua Pichincha volcano close to Quito, Ecuador has been erupting since August 1998. To monitor its behaviour, RADARSAT-1 Fine Mode data were acquired in March, April, October, and November of 1999. Change detection has been carried out using these images.
In this study, the capability, utility and limitations of such SAR imagery for monitoring of volcanic activity is being examined.
Speckle Tracking for 2-Dimensional Ice Motion Studies in Polar Regions: Influence of the Ionosphere.
Authors: Gray A L , Mattar K E , Short N
Published: March 2017

Speckle tracking can be used to estimate glacial ice motion in coherent pairs of SAR images. The technique is particularly appropriate when either the ice motion or temporal separation of the data acquisitions are large. Examples of ice motion derived from
speckle tracking analysis of the NASA/CSA Antarctic Mapping Mission interferometric data are shown.
 In this, and in earlier work, it has been shown that occasionally streaks are observed in interferograms acquired at polar latitudes. Usually the effect is observed in the
coherence, but associated modulation has also been observed in the phase. This affect arises from a km scale modulation in the optimum azimuth registration. The streaks in azimuth registration, or azimuth 'shift', could not be caused by terrain motion and were treated previously as an 'artifact' of
unknown origin. We present evidence that the effect is caused by small scale ionospheric disturbances associated with polar auroral regions. We propose that imagery of the azimuth shift streaks is related to a 2-dimensional 'shadow' of the along-track gradient of the integrated electron
density.
Geomorphic, Active Layer and Environmental Change Detection Using SAR Scene Coherence Images
Authors: Budkewitsch P , D'Iorio M , Vachon P W , Pollard W H , Andersen D T
Published: March 2017

Interferometric scene coherence images derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data can reveal terrain morphology, stability, and highlight environmental changes. Regions of high phase correlation suggest terrain stability; regions of low phase coherence
suggest physical changes have occurred at the scale of the radar wavelength. We consider coherence images of the Canadian High Arctic from tandem ERS-1/2 and repeat passes of ERS-1 and RADARSAT-1. Large slopes reduce coherence, as is evident from ERS tandem data acquired with a 1-day interval. Other
reductions in coherence can be accounted for by the accumulation or migration of snowdrifts and by compaction or re-crystallisation of the snow pack on the ground surface. In arctic environments, the scene coherence can reveal greater geomorphological detail than can be seen in SAR images or other
optical data. As such, coherence images could be an important monitoring tool, especially during the winter months when snow cover and darkness impede observation with optical remote sensing methods.
GlobeSAR-2 Education and Training Program Update
Authors: Bruce W , Brisco B , Goodfellow C
Published: March 2017

GlobeSAR-2 investigators presented results from their applications projects at the final GlobeSAR-2 symposium in Buenos Aires Argentina in May 1999, successfully ending this portion of the GlobeSAR-2 Program. However, the GlobeSAR-2 Program itself is far from
over. This paper provides an update and report on the two primary activities supported under the GlobeSAR-2 University Program: the North-South University Linkages and the CD-ROM being produced from the GlobeSAR-2 training materials.
 The GlobeSAR-2 University Program was
designed to help ensure that educators and students at universities throughout the eight participating countries in South America could benefit from the efforts devoted to the development of the unique and comprehensive radar training program. Its objectives are to foster their involvement in
research projects, and to encourage use of the GlobeSAR training materials beyond the life of the program.
 The training materials produced for the GlobeSAR-2 training workshops were collected, refined, and enhanced with sections that had been suggested. A CD-ROM has been
produced entitled: GlobeSAR-2 - Educational Resources for Radar Remote Sensing. Illustrations are from Latin American and Canadian R&D projects. The product is multilingual - Spanish, Portuguese, French and English. A preview will be given at the symposium.
 The
GlobeSAR-2 North-South University Linkages component is creating opportunities for educators and researchers from participating countries to establish and develop joint research and educational linkages with their counterparts in Canadian universities. More than 20 exchange projects have been
established involving13 universities in 7 Latin American countries and faculty from 12 Canadian Universities. The paper presents an overview of the program and status of research results to date. A Web discussion group has been established to encourage the exchange of information, experience and
expertise among GlobeSAR-2 participants.
 The components of GlobeSAR-2 University Program were developed to help ensure that there will be a lasting impact and sustainable capacity in the use of SAR imagery, through curriculum resources and linkages among GlobeSAR-2
partners.
La multi-stéréoscopie pour les corrections d'images SPOT-HRV
Authors: Toutin Th , Carbonneau Y
Published: March 2017

As in photogrammetry, the SPOT stereoscopic capabilities enable models in three dimensions to be created. But since the data and the processing systems are digital, more than two images can be processed together, that is the
multi-stereoscopy.
 The objective of this study is to quantify the limits of the planimetric and altimetric accuracies of the geometric reconstruction of the tridimensional model, using several images and comparing different testing configurations with the data (images, GCPs,
accuracy... ).
 By using an additional image, the planimetric and altimetric accuracy increases by 10 to 20 per cent. Although three GCPs are enough for the modelization, the accuracy with six GCPs and three images is one-third of a pixal, i.e., three metres in X, Y and Z, if
the GCPs are of good quality (definition and plotting).