bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coping with global uncertainty: Perceptions of COVID-19 psychological distress, relationship quality, and dyadic coping for romantic partners across 27 countries
Authors: Randall Ashley K. , Leon Gabriel , Basili Emanuele , Martos Tamás , Boiger Michael , Baldi Michela , Hocker Lauren , Kline Kai , Masturzi Alessio , Aryeetey Richmond , Bar-Kalifa Eran , Boon Susan D. , Botella Luis , Burke Tom , Carnelley Katherine B. , Carr Alan , Dash Arobindu , Fitriana Mimi , Gaines Stanley O. , Galdiolo Sarah , Hart Claire M. , Joo Susanna , Kanth Barani , Karademas Evangelos , Karantzas Gery , Landolt Selina A. , McHugh Louise , Milek Anne , Murphy Eddie , Natividade Jean C. , Portugal Alda , Quiñones Álvaro , Relvas Ana Paula , Rumondor Pingkan C. B. , Rusu Petruta , Sallay Viola , Saul Luis Angel , Schmitt David P. , Sels Laura , Shujja Sultan , Taylor Laura K. , Ozguluk S. Burcu , Verhofstadt Leslie , Yoo Gyesook , Zemp Martina , Donato Silvia , Totenhagen Casey J. , van Eickels Rahel L. , Adil Adnan , Anaba Emmanuel Anongeba , Asampong Emmanuel , Beauchemin-Roy Sarah , Berry Anna , Brassard Audrey , Chesterman Susan , Ferguson Lizzie , Fonseca Gabriela , Gaugue Justine , Geonet Marie , Hermesch Neele , Abdul Wahab Khan Rahmattullah Khan , Knox Laura , Lafontaine Marie-France , Lawless Nicholas , Londero-Santos Amanda , Major Sofia , Marot Tiago A. , Mullins Ellie , Otermans Pauldy C. J. , Pagani Ariela F. , Parise Miriam , Parvin Roksana , De Mallika , Péloquin Katherine , Rebelo Bárbara , Righetti Francesca , Romano Daniel , Salavati Sara , Samrock Steven , Serea Mary , Seok Chua Bee , Sotero Luciana , Stafford Owen , Thomadakis Christoforos , Topcu-Uzer Cigdem , Ugarte Carla , Low Wah Yun , Simon-Zámbori Petra , Siau Ching Sin , Duca Diana-Sînziana , Filip Cornelia , Park Hayoung , Wearen Sinead , Bodenmann Guy , Chiarolanza Claudia
Published: August 2021

Following the global outbreak of COVID-19 in March 2020, individuals report psychological distress associated with the “new normal”—social distancing, financial hardships, and increased responsibilities while working from home. Given the interpersonal nature of stress and coping responses between romantic partners, based on the systemic transactional model this study posits that perceived partner dyadic coping may be an important moderator between experiences of COVID-19 psychological distress and relationship quality. To examine these associations, self-report data from 14,020 people across 27 countries were collected during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–July, 2020). It was hypothesized that higher symptoms of psychological distress would be reported post-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 restrictions (Hypothesis 1), reports of post-COVID-19 psychological distress would be negatively associated with relationship quality (Hypothesis 2), and perceived partner DC would moderate these associations (Hypothesis 3). While hypotheses were generally supported, results also showed interesting between-country variability. Limitations and future directions are presented.
The anatomy of ‘fake news’: Studying false messages as digital objects
Authors: Khan Ali , Brohman Kathryn , Addas Shamel
Published: August 2021

Public concern about ‘fake news’ skyrocketed following the 2016 US presidential election and the Brexit referendum, and has only intensified since then. A burgeoning body of research on the topic is emerging, and conceptual clarity is vital for this research to converge into a cumulative body of knowledge; the purpose of this article is to underline and address some of the conceptual clutter and ambiguities around the concept of fake news and situate it within its social context. To do so, we first discuss the problems with current terminology and conceptualisation, and then draw on recent developments on the ontology of digital objects and their attributes to shift the focus from fake news to false messages, a type of syntactic digital objects comprised of content and structure and characterised by attributes of editability, openness, interactivity, and distributedness. Then we expand this concept further by placing it within a network of actors and digital objects. Our analysis uncovers several areas of research that have been overlooked in the study of fake news.
Validation of digital microscopy: Review of validation methods and sources of bias
Authors: Bertram Christof A. , Stathonikos Nikolas , Donovan Taryn A. , Bartel Alexander , Fuchs-Baumgartinger Andrea , Lipnik Karoline , van Diest Paul J. , Bonsembiante Federico , Klopfleisch Robert
Published: August 2021

Digital microscopy (DM) is increasingly replacing traditional light microscopy (LM) for performing routine diagnostic and research work in human and veterinary pathology. The DM workflow encompasses specimen preparation, whole-slide image acquisition, slide retrieval, and the workstation, each of which has the potential (depending on the technical parameters) to introduce limitations and artifacts into microscopic examination by pathologists. Performing validation studies according to guidelines established in human pathology ensures that the best-practice approaches for patient care are not deteriorated by implementing DM. Whereas current publications on validation studies suggest an overall high reliability of DM, each laboratory is encouraged to perform an individual validation study to ensure that the DM workflow performs as expected in the respective clinical or research environment. With the exception of validation guidelines developed by the College of American Pathologists in 2013 and its update in 2021, there is no current review of the application of methods fundamental to validation. We highlight that there is high methodological variation between published validation studies, each having advantages and limitations. The diagnostic concordance rate between DM and LM is the most relevant outcome measure, which is influenced (regardless of the viewing modality used) by different sources of bias including complexity of the cases examined, diagnostic experience of the study pathologists, and case recall. Here, we review 3 general study designs used for previous publications on DM validation as well as different approaches for avoiding bias.
Widely used charcoal analysis method in paleo studies involving NaOCl results in loss of charcoal formed below 400°C
Authors: Constantine Mark , Mooney Scott
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the effects a dilute solution of bleach (4% sodium hypochlorite), has on charcoal. We were particularly interested in considering if charcoal formed under different conditions of pyrolysis was differentially affected by this treatment, which is commonly used for the quantification of charcoal in sediments. We first produced a series of charcoal samples, under laboratory conditions (at temperatures between 250°C and 800°C and under oxygen limited conditions) and then measured total surface area of charcoal before and after treatment in a solution of 4% bleach. We found that charcoal formed ⩽400°C showed nearly complete bleaching after 24 h, while high temperature charcoal (>400°C) was much more resistant. These results indicate this treatment bleaches charcoal formed at lower temperatures: this means particles charred at low temperature may not be quantified in common optical counting or image analysis methods. This could have serious ramifications for sediment-based paleofire research as low intensity fire may be lost from a record, and the resulting fire history biased towards high intensity (high temperature) fires. Our findings suggest the need for a new, non-destructive method for extracting charcoal from sediment.
Reconsidering the Minimum Voting Age in the United States
Authors: Oosterhoff Benjamin , Wray-Lake Laura , Hart Daniel
Published: August 2021

Several U.S. states have proposed bills to lower the minimum local and national voting age to 16 years. Legislators and the public often reference political philosophy, attitudes about the capabilities of teenagers, or past precedent as evidence to support or oppose changing the voting age. Dissenters to changing the voting age are primarily concerned with whether 16- and 17-year-olds have sufficient political maturity to vote, including adequate political knowledge, cognitive capacity, independence, interest, and life experience. We review past research that suggests 16- and 17-year-olds possess the political maturity to vote. Concerns about youths’ ability to vote are generally not supported by developmental science, suggesting that negative stereotypes about teenagers may be a large barrier to changing the voting age.
Delayed-Onset Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia With Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: Case Report
Authors: Bauman Megan M. J. , Naylor Ryan M. , Santilli Ashley R. , Wijdicks Eelco F.
Published: August 2021

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic state caused by autoantibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4)-heparin complexes. Although HIT typically presents 5-10 days after the initiation of heparin, thrombosis and thrombocytopenia may occur up to several weeks following heparin withdrawal, so-called delayed-onset HIT. Although rare, there have been isolated reports of HIT-induced cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), which carry high rates of morbidity and mortality. There is a need to further characterize the etiology, clinical presentation, treatment paradigms, and outcomes of patients with HIT-induced CVST. Here, we present the case of a 57-year old female who presented to the emergency department with a headache and seizure 11 days following a right total knee arthroplasty for which she received 3 post-operative doses of enoxaparin. Work-up demonstrated acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), CVST, and thrombocytopenia. Intravenous heparin resulted in rapidly deteriorating platelet count and subsequent serologic testing confirmed the diagnosis of HIT. Treatment with bivalirudin was initiated, the HIT resolved, and the patient was discharged home on hospital day 19 with long-term anticoagulation mediated by warfarin. At 3-month follow up, the patient had mild upper motor neuron pattern weakness and was living independently. This case depicts a rare case of delayed-onset HIT and CVST, highlights the importance of establishing a fluid treatment plan for managing HIT-induced CVST, and illustrates the importance of employing rapid anticoagulation despite acute ICH to achieve a desirable clinical outcome.
Increased MRI Signal Intensity of Allografts in the Midterm Period After Meniscal Allograft Transplant: An Evaluation of Clinical Significance According to Location and Morphology
Authors: Park Jun-Gu , Bin Seong-Il , Kim Jong-Min , Lee Bum-Sik , Lee Sang-Min , Song Ju-Ho
Published: August 2021

Background:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an effective tool for objective evaluation after meniscal allograft transplant (MAT). Little is known about the association between MRI features of allograft and clinical outcomes.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To assess the degree and location of signal intensity (SI) as well as the morphology of allografts on MRI after MAT and evaluate the association between clinical outcomes and MRI features in the midterm period. It was hypothesized that a high SI accompanied by a deformed allograft in specific locations on MRI would be associated with inferior clinical outcomes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Included were patients who underwent MAT with fresh-frozen allografts and had >3 years of follow-up with 3.0-T MRI scans. Allograft status was assessed by SI on MRI as grade 0 (normal), grade 1 (globular increased SI not adjacent to the articular surface), grade 2 (linear SI within the meniscus), or grade 3 (increased SI extended to the articular surface). Allograft morphology was assessed by the presence of distorted contours. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Lysholm score. The association between clinical outcomes and MRI findings was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis.

Results:

A total of 138 patients (156 MAT procedures: 132 lateral, 24 medial) with a mean follow-up period of 55.4 ± 19.9 months (range, 36-110 months) were enrolled in this study. Grade 3 SI was observed in the posterior meniscus root and posterior third of the allograft in 39 (25%) and 62 (39.7%) MATs, respectively. Among the 62 MATs with grade 3 SI in the posterior third of the allograft, 34 (54.8%) were accompanied by distorted allograft contour. The presence of grade 3 SI with distorted contour in the posterior third of the allograft was significantly associated with inferior outcomes (β = –6.5 [95% CI, –12.5 to –0.5]; P < .035), as was the presence of grade 3 SI in the posterior meniscus root (β = –5.5 [95% CI, –10.5 to –0.4]; P < .034).

Conclusion:

On MRI evaluation in the midterm period after MAT, grade 3 SIs of the meniscal allograft were observed in about a third of the cases, and the association with clinical outcomes was dependent on the specific location and morphology of the allograft on MRI.
High fibrinogen γ′ levels in patient plasma increase clot formation at arterial and venous shear
Authors: Macrae Fraser L. , Swieringa Frauke , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Ariëns Robert A. S.
Published: August 2021

Fibrinogen γ' accounts for 3% to 40% of plasma fibrinogen. Earlier studies indicated that fibrinogen γ' forms altered fibrin clots under static conditions, whereas clinically, altered plasma γ' levels are associated with arterial and venous thrombosis. However, the effects of static vs flow conditions on the role of γ′ throughout the pathophysiological range is unknown. This study explores the effects of γ' levels on clot formation and structure in static and flow conditions. Coagulation of plasma samples with low (n = 41; 3%), normal (n = 45; 10%), or high (n = 33; 30%) γ′ levels were compared with that of purified fibrinogen mixtures with increasing ratios of γ′ (3%, 10%, 30%). Clots were analyzed by confocal microscopy, permeation, turbidity, and lysis techniques. In a novel 2-step flow-perfusion model, fibrinogen-deficient plasma repleted with increasing ratios of γ′ (3%, 10%, 30%) or plasmas with low (n = 5, 3%) or high (n = 5, 30%) γ′ were flowed over preformed platelet aggregates at arterial (500 s−1) and venous (150 s−1) shear rates. Increasing γ′ percentages within the pathophysiological range (3%-30%) did not result in any change in clot-formation rates; however, it led to significantly higher clot density, thinner fibers, and slower lysis in static conditions. Under flow at arterial shear, high γ′ (30%) led to faster (+44.1%-75.3%) and increased (+104%-123%) fibrin deposition, with clots exhibiting a larger volume (+253%-655%) and height (+130%-146%). These trends were magnified at venous shear. Overall, our findings demonstrate the significant impact of pathophysiological fibrinogen γ′ levels on clot structure and provide new flow-dependent mechanisms to explain how γ′ increases thrombosis risk.
Early high antibody titre convalescent plasma for hospitalised COVID-19 patients: DAWn-plasma
Authors: Devos Timothy , Van Thillo Quentin , Compernolle Veerle , Najdovski Tomé , Romano Marta , Dauby Nicolas , Jadot Laurent , Leys Mathias , Maillart Evelyne , Loof Sarah , Seyler Lucie , Moonen Martial , Moutschen Michel , Van Regenmortel Niels , Ariën Kevin K. , Barbezange Cyril , Betrains Albrecht , Garigliany Mutien , Engelen Matthias M. , Gyselinck Iwein , Maes Piet , Schauwvlieghe Alexander , Liesenborghs Laurens , Belmans Ann , Verhamme Peter , Meyfroidt Geert
Published: August 2021

Background

Several randomised clinical trials have studied convalescent plasma for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using different protocols, with different severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralising antibody titres, at different time-points and severities of illness.

Methods

In the prospective multicentre DAWn-plasma trial, adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 were randomised to 4 units of open-label convalescent plasma combined with standard of care (intervention group) or standard of care alone (control group). Plasma from donors with neutralising antibody titres (50% neutralisation titre (NT50)) ≥1/320 was the product of choice for the study.

Results

Between 2 May 2020 and 26 January 2021, 320 patients were randomised to convalescent plasma and 163 patients to the control group according to a 2:1 allocation scheme. A median (interquartile range) volume of 884 (806–906) mL) convalescent plasma was administered and 80.68% of the units came from donors with neutralising antibody titres (NT50) ≥1/320. Median time from onset of symptoms to randomisation was 7 days. The proportion of patients alive and free of mechanical ventilation on day 15 was not different between both groups (convalescent plasma 83.74% (n=267)versuscontrol 84.05% (n=137)) (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.59–1.66; p=0.9772). The intervention did not change the natural course of antibody titres. The number of serious or severe adverse events was similar in both study arms and transfusion-related side-effects were reported in 19 out of 320 patients in the intervention group (5.94%).

Conclusions

Transfusion of 4 units of convalescent plasma with high neutralising antibody titres early in hospitalised COVID-19 patients did not result in a significant improvement of clinical status or reduced mortality.
Implementation of a zero fluoroscopic workflow using a simplified intracardiac echocardiography guided method for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, including repeat procedures
Authors: Tahin Tamas , Riba Adam , Nemeth Barnabas , Arvai Ferenc , Lupkovics Geza , Szeplaki Gabor , Geller Laszlo
Published: August 2021

Objective

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of the interventional treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Traditionally, during these procedures the catheters are guided by fluoroscopy, which poses a risk to the patient and staff by ionizing radiation. Our aim was to describe our experience in the implementation of an intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) guided zero fluoroscopic (ZF) ablation approach to our routine clinical practice.

Methods

We developed a simplified ICE guided technique to perform ablation procedures for AF, with the aid of a 3D electroanatomical mapping system. The workflow was implemented in two phases: (1) the Introductory phase, where the first 16 ZF PVIs were compared with 16 cases performed with fluoroscopy and (2) the Extension phase, where 71 consecutive patients (including repeat procedures) with ZF approach were included. Standard PVI (and redoPVI) procedures were performed, data on feasibility of the ZF approach, complications, acute and 1-year success rates were collected.

Results

In the Introductory phase, 94% of the procedures could be performed with complete ZF with a median procedure time of 77.5 (73.5–83) minutes. In one case fluoroscopy was used to guide the ICE catheter to the atrium. There was no difference in the complication, acute and 1-year success rates, compared with fluoroscopy guided procedures. In the Extension phase, 97% of the procedures could be completed with complete ZF. In one case fluoroscopy was used to guide the transseptal puncture and in another to position the ICE catheter. Acute success of PVI was achieved in all cases, 64.4% patients were arrhythmia free at 1-year. Acute major complications were observed in 4 cases, all of these occurred in the redo PVI group and consisted of 2 tamponades, 1 transient ischemic attack and 1 pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site. The procedures were carried out by all members of the electrophysiology unit in the Extension phase, including less experienced operators and electrophysiology fellows (3 physicians) under the supervision of the senior electrophysiologist. Consequently, procedure times became longer [90 (75–105) vs 77.5 (73.5–85) min, p = 0.014].

Conclusions

According to our results, a ZF workflow of AF ablations can be successfully implemented into the routine practice of an electrophysiology laboratory, without compromising safety and effectivity.
Reablement in a small municipality, a survival analysis
Authors: Anthun Kjartan Sarheim , Lillefjell Monica , Anthun Kirsti Sarheim
Published: August 2021

Background

Reablement is a municipal service given to patients at home. The purpose of the service is to assist recovery after hospital discharges or other sudden changes in a patient’s functional level. The service is often provided by a team of nurses, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists. The purpose of this paper is to compare users of this service to users who receive traditional home care services. Outcomes to be measured are risk of long-term care and mortality.

Methods

All users of health and care services in a Norwegian municipality were eligible for inclusion. Data was extracted from the local user administrative database. Users were divided in two groups: those who received reablement and those home care users who did not receive reablement service. Propensity score matching was used to match users based on age, sex, and level of functioning in activities of daily living (ADL). Survival analysis was deployed to test if the reablement users had different risk of becoming long-term care users, and whether the mortality rate differed for this group.

Results

153 reablement users were included in the study. These were matched to 153 non-reablement home care users. The groups had similar distributions of age, sex, and level of functioning when starting their service trajectories. Regressions showed that reablement users had lower risk of using long-term care services in the study period (time at risk up to 4 years), and lower mortality. However, none of these estimates were statistically significant.

Conclusions

The study indicates that the reablement users in one municipality had lower use of long -term care and lower mortality when properly estimated, but numbers were too small for statistical significance to be found.
Relationship between the presence of dedicated doctors in rapid response systems and patient outcome: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Hyung-Jun , Jeon Kyeongman , Kang Byung Ju , Ahn Jong-Joon , Hong Sang-Bum , Lee Dong-Hyun , Moon Jae Young , Kim Jung Soo , Park Jisoo , Cho Jae Hwa , Lee Sang-Min , Lee Yeon Joo
Published: August 2021

Background

Rapid response systems (RRSs) improve patients’ safety, but the role of dedicated doctors within these systems remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate patient survival rates and differences in types of interventions performed depending on the presence of dedicated doctors in the RRS.

Methods

Patients managed by the RRSs of 9 centers in South Korea from January 1, 2016, through December 31, 2017, were included retrospectively. We used propensity score-matched analysis to balance patients according to the presence of dedicated doctors in the RRS. The primary outcome was in-hospital survival. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of interventions performed. A sensitivity analysis was performed with the subgroup of patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock.

Results

After propensity score matching, 2981 patients were included per group according to the presence of dedicated doctors in the RRS. The presence of the dedicated doctors was not associated with patients’ overall likelihood of survival (hazard ratio for death 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93‒1.20). Interventions, such as arterial line insertion (odds ratio [OR] 25.33, 95% CI 15.12‒42.44) and kidney replacement therapy (OR 10.77, 95% CI 6.10‒19.01), were more commonly performed for patients detected using RRS with dedicated doctors. The presence of dedicated doctors in the RRS was associated with better survival of patients with sepsis or septic shock (hazard ratio for death 0.62, 95% CI 0.39‒0.98) and lower intensive care unit admission rates (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.37‒0.75).

Conclusions

The presence of dedicated doctors within the RRS was not associated with better survival in the overall population but with better survival and lower intensive care unit admission rates for patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Reliability and validity of manual palpation for the assessment of patients with low back pain: a systematic and critical review
Authors: Nolet Paul S. , Yu Hainan , Côté Pierre , Meyer Anne-Laure , Kristman Vicki L. , Sutton Deborah , Murnaghan Kent , Lemeunier Nadège
Published: August 2021

Background

Static or motion manual palpation of the low back is commonly used to assess pain location and reproduction in low back pain (LBP) patients. The purpose of this study is to review the reliability and validity of manual palpation used for the assessment of LBP in adults.

Method

We systematically searched five databases from 2000 to 2019. We critically appraised internal validity of studies using QAREL and QUADAS-2 instruments. We stratified results using best-evidence synthesis. Validity studies were classified according to Sackett and Haynes.

Results

We identified 2023 eligible articles, of which 14 were low risk of bias. Evidence suggests that reliability of soft tissue structures palpation is inconsistent, and reliability of bony structures and joint mobility palpation is poor. We found preliminary evidence that gluteal muscle palpation for tenderness may be valid in differentiating LBP patients with and without radiculopathy.

Conclusion

Reliability of manual palpation tests in the assessment of LBP patients varies greatly. This is problematic because these tests are commonly used by manual therapists and clinicians. Little is known about the validity of these tests; therefore, their clinical utility is uncertain. High quality validity studies are needed to inform the clinical use of manual palpation tests.
Animal source food eating habits of outpatients with antimicrobial resistance in Bukavu, D.R. Congo
Authors: Ngaruka Ghislain Bilamirwa , Neema Brigitte Bora , Mitima Theophile Kashosi , Kishabongo Antoine Sadiki , Kashongwe Olivier Basole
Published: August 2021

Background

Antibiotic resistance is a public health concern in Democratic Republic Congo and worldwide. It is usually caused by antibiotic over prescription or dispensing practices. The consumption of animal source food (ASF) could be another source of antibiotic resistance but is rarely studied. The objective of the study was to evaluate the eating habits of ASF by outpatients with antimicrobial resistance through an analysis of (i) the association of their antimicrobial resistance with ASF consumption; (ii) the influence of the types of ASF on their antimicrobial resistance.

Methods

This is a retrospective analytical study conducted at three major Hospitals in Bukavu City (D. R. Congo). A total number of 210 patients, whose samples (mainly faeces and urine) had been subjected to bacterial examination, was included in this study. Morphological, biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility (using disc diffusion method) tests were performed on the samples. This served to isolate and identify resistant bacteria. Afterwards, patients responded to questions about the types and quantity of ASF eaten in the last week. We analysed data using descriptive statistics, logistic regression and non-parametric ranking tests.

Results

Escherichia coli(37.1%),Klebsiella pneumonae(14.7%), andStaphylococcus aureus(13.8%) were the most prevalent bacteria.E. coli(68.4%) andK. pneumonae(87.5%) were multidrug resistant (MDR), whileS. aureus(7.7%) was minor. Low beef (O.R. 0.737, C.I. 0.542–1.002) and pork (O.R. 0.743, C.I. 0.560 – 0.985) consumption led to significantly (p < 0.05) lower risks of resistance to ciprofloxacin. Patients eating three different ASF per week had the highest resistance score (20.67) and high consumption rates of goat meat, pork and milk (41.5%).

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest a contribution of human nutrition to antimicrobial resistance frequency. Our results show the existence of a high prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in patients for which eating beef, pork and drinking milk are major risk factors. Therefore, a stricter control of antibiotic usage in livestock production and of their presence in ASF is recommended.
Compatibility in acoustic telemetry
Authors: Reubens Jan , Aarestrup Kim , Meyer Carl , Moore Andy , Okland Finn , Afonso Pedro
Published: August 2021

Acoustic telemetry is widely used to investigate aquatic animal movement. Pulse position modulation (PPM) is an acoustic telemetry method that allows multiple unique identification codes to be transmitted at a single acoustic frequency, typically in the 69 kHz range. However, because the potential number of unique identification codes (i.e. tags) is ultimately limited by the number of pulses in the PPM signal, this poses a practical limitation. In addition, different manufacturers have developed different approaches to encoding the transmitted data, hampering compatibility across brands. A lack of broad compatibility across telemetry systems restricts users to a single manufacturer and operating system, reduces market competition and limits innovation. As the aquatic animal tracking research community organises towards networks of devices and data, incompatibility becomes more problematic and jeopardizes the unique scientific benefits offered by the networking approach. Here, we make a plea for collaboration among the manufacturers globally and propose a set of open protocols to ensure equipment interoperability as a medium-term solution.
Tools for integrating inertial sensor data with video bio-loggers, including estimation of animal orientation, motion, and position
Authors: Cade David E. , Gough William T. , Czapanskiy Max F. , Fahlbusch James A. , Kahane-Rapport Shirel R. , Linsky Jacob M. J. , Nichols Ross C. , Oestreich William K. , Wisniewska Danuta M. , Friedlaender Ari S. , Goldbogen Jeremy A.
Published: August 2021

Bio-logging devices equipped with inertial measurement units—particularly accelerometers, magnetometers, and pressure sensors—have revolutionized our ability to study animals as necessary electronics have gotten smaller and more affordable over the last two decades. These animal-attached tags allow for fine scale determination of behavior in the absence of direct observation, particularly useful in the marine realm, where direct observation is often impossible, and recent devices can integrate more power hungry and sensitive instruments, such as hydrophones, cameras, and physiological sensors. To convert the raw voltages recorded by bio-logging sensors into biologically meaningful metrics of orientation (e.g., pitch, roll and heading), motion (e.g., speed, specific acceleration) and position (e.g., depth and spatial coordinates), we developed a series of MATLAB tools and online instructional tutorials. Our tools are adaptable for a variety of devices, though we focus specifically on the integration of video, audio, 3-axis accelerometers, 3-axis magnetometers, 3-axis gyroscopes, pressure, temperature, light and GPS data that are the standard outputs from Customized Animal Tracking Solutions (CATS) video tags. Our tools were developed and tested on cetacean data but are designed to be modular and adaptable for a variety of marine and terrestrial species. In this text, we describe how to use these tools, the theories and ideas behind their development, and ideas and additional tools for applying the outputs of the process to biological research. We additionally explore and address common errors that can occur during processing and discuss future applications. All code is provided open source and is designed to be useful to both novice and experienced programmers.
A fresh look to the phenotype in mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants of the leptin and the leptin receptor gene
Authors: Koerber-Rosso Ingrid , Brandt Stephanie , von Schnurbein Julia , Fischer-Posovszky Pamela , Hoegel Josef , Rabenstein Hannah , Siebert Reiner , Wabitsch Martin
Published: August 2021

Leptin (LEP) and leptin receptor (LEPR) play a major role in energy homeostasis, metabolism, and reproductive function. While effects of biallelic likely pathogenic variants (-/-) on the phenotype are well characterized, effects of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants (wt/-) in the LEP and LEPR gene on the phenotype compared to wild-type homozygosity (wt/wt) have not been systematically investigated. We identified in our systematic review 44 animal studies (15 on Lep, 29 on Lepr) and 39 studies in humans reporting on 130 mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 20 distinct LEP variants and 108 heterozygous mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant carriers with 35 distinct LEPR variants. We found indications for a higher weight status in carriers of mono-allelic likely pathogenic variant in the leptin and in the leptin receptor gene compared to wt/wt, in both animal and human studies. In addition, animal studies showed higher body fat percentage in Lep and Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Animal studies provided indications for lower leptin levels in Lep wt/- vs. wt/wt and indications for higher leptin levels in Lepr wt/- vs wt/wt. Data on leptin levels in human studies was limited. Evidence for an impaired metabolism in mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants of the leptin and in leptin receptor gene was not conclusive (animal and human studies). Mono-allelic likely pathogenic variants in the leptin and in leptin receptor gene have phenotypic effects disposing to increased body weight and fat accumulation.
Rationality in pier geometry of Kintaikyo Bridge from viewpoint of river engineering
Authors: Sato Hirokazu
Published: August 2021

The Kintaikyo Bridge, with its elegant wooden arches, has a unique pier shape and continues to be loved by residents and visitors alike. Although this bridge is an active footbridge and an important landscape element along with the Nishikigawa River and its river beach, the rationality or irrationality of the shape of its piers remains unknown. This paper is intended to clarify the river engineering characteristics of the piers for the first time by conducting 1/129 scale hydraulic model experiments. The shapes tested were a perfect spindle shape (which has been adopted as a common theory for many years) and a reconstructed current shape based on the spindle shape, and for comparison, an oval and a non-regular hexagon shape with the same width and area. The current shape, along with the spindle shape, suppressed the water level rise around the pier more than the others. As for the riverbed fluctuation, the current shape slightly increased the scour more than the others, but it also maximized the sedimentation around the scoured part. In other words, the current shape has the potential to facilitate the procurement of sediment for post-flood restoration. In addition, the current shape overwhelmingly reduced the statistical dispersion associated with the experiment, suggesting that it stabilizes the trend of riverbed fluctuation even during actual floods. Based on the results, the future conservation of the Kintaikyo Bridge was also discussed.
Gelidocalamus fengkaiensis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new bamboo species from Guangdong, China, with an analysis of branch development in relation to flowering
Authors: Cai Zhuo-Yu , Zhou Xin-Xin , Wong Khoon-Meng , Xia Nian-He
Published: August 2021

Background

Bamboos, widely distributed in temperate and tropical Asia, Africa and America, refer to a group of special plants in Poaceae, Bambusoideae. China is rich in bamboo species. However, due to a long flowering cycle, the flowering habit and the flowering structure of many bamboo species are still not well understood. Here, we report a new bamboo species from Guangdong, China and an analysis of its interesting branch development in relation to flowering.

Results

This species is similar to G. stellatus, the type species, but differs in the characteristics of its lemma and palea, mid-culm branch complement, and culm-sheath ligules. The initial branches at a culm node do not apically develop flowering structures during a flowering episode; instead, these form on what appears to be specialized flowering branches.

Conclusions

The results of morphological comparison support the recognition of Gelidocalamus fengkaiensis as a new species. And during a flowering episode, two branch types (‘foliage branch’ and ‘flowering branch’) can be distinguished in this species.
Simple model for estimation of absorbed dose by organs and tumors after PRRT from a single SPECT/CT study
Authors: Chicheportiche Alexandre , Sason Moshe , Godefroy Jeremy , Krausz Yodphat , Zidan Mahmoud , Oleinikov Kira , Meirovitz Amichay , Gross David J. , Grozinsky-Glasberg Simona , Ben-Haim Simona
Published: August 2021

Background

Following each cycle of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), absorbed doses by tumors and normal organs are typically calculated from three quantitative single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) studies acquired at t1 = 24 h, t2 = 96 h, t3 = 168 h after the first cycle of treatment and from a single study at t1 after the subsequent cycles. In the present study, we have assessed the feasibility of a single SPECT/CT study after each PRRT cycle using a trained multiple linear regression (MLR) model for absorbed dose calculation and have evaluated its impact on patient management. Quantitative [177Lu]-DOTA-TATE SPECT/CT data after PRRT of seventy-two consecutive metastatic neuroendocrine tumors patients were retrospectively evaluated. A set of 40 consecutive studies was used to train the MLR model. The two independent variables of the model included the time of imaging after administration of the treatment and the radiopharmaceutical activity concentration in a given  organ/tumor. The dependent variable was the dose absorbed by the organ/tumor obtained with the standard protocol. For bone marrow dosimetry, the independent variables included the time of imaging, and the blood and remainder of the body activity concentration. The model was evaluated in 32 consecutive patients. Absorbed doses were assessed for kidneys, bone marrow, liver, spleen and tumor sites.

Results

There was no difference in management decisions, whether PRRT can be safely continued or not because unsafe absorbed dose to risk organs between the standard and the MLR model-based protocol using a single SPECT/CT study performed at t3 = 168 h after the first cycle and at t1 = 24 h after the subsequent cycles. Cumulative absorbed doses were obtained with mean relative differences of − 0.5% ± 5.4%, 1.6% ± 15.1%, − 6.2% ± 7.3%, − 5.5% ± 5.8% and 2.9% ± 12.7% for kidneys, bone marrow, liver, spleen and tumors, respectively (Pearson’s r correlation coefficient 0.99, 0.91, 0.99, 0.99 and 0.97, respectively).

Conclusion

Dosimetry calculations using a MLR model with a single SPECT/CT study are in good agreement with the standard protocol, while avoiding the use of dosimetry software and enabling improved patient comfort and reduced scanner and staff time.
Inverse T-shaped sternotomy as novel thoracoplasty for severe chest deformation and tracheal stenosis
Authors: Tomita Hirofumi , Shimotakahara Akihiro , Shimojima Naoki , Ishihama Hideo , Ishikawa Miki , Mizuno Yuki , Hashimoto Makoto , Tsukizaki Ayano , Miyaguni Kazuaki , Hirobe Seiichi
Published: August 2021

Background

Patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities often suffer from tracheal stenosis due to chest deformation and brachiocephalic artery compression, which sometimes leads to serious complications, such as dying spell and tracheobrachiocephalic artery fistula. We herein described our experience of performing a novel and simple thoracoplastic procedure combined with brachiocephalic artery transection in two patients with severe chest deformation and tracheal stenosis.

Case presentation

The patients were a 12-year-old female with cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia and a 21-year-old male with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis stage IV in the Jabbour classification following a laryngotracheal separation. Both patients showed severe chest deformation and symptoms of airway stenosis resulting in dying spells. The sternum was laterally transected between the manubrium and the sternal body, and a manubriotomy was performed longitudinally, ending with an inverse T-shaped sternotomy. Since the clavicle and the first rib remained attached to the halves of the divided manubrium, the sternum was allowed to be left open, resulting in improvement of the mediastinal narrowing and tracheal stenosis. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) showed that the distance between the halves of the manubrium was maintained at 10–11 mm, and that the mediastinal narrowing in both patients improved; the sternocervical spine distance increased from 20 mm to 22  and 13 mm to 16 mm, respectively. The patients’ tracheal stenosis below the sternal end of the clavicle and the manubrium and respiratory symptoms improved, and the patients are currently at home in a stable condition with no chest fragility and no upper limb movement disorder 1 year after surgery.

Conclusions

Our observations suggested that the inverse T-shaped sternotomy combined with brachiocephalic artery transection may relieve symptoms of tracheal stenosis due to severe chest deformation in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities.
Single-incision laparoscopic repair for an arcuate line hernia: a case report
Authors: Fukunaga Tomohiko , Kasanami Toshihiko
Published: August 2021

Background

The arcuate line is the inferior margin of the posterior layer of rectus abdominis sheath. An arcuate line hernia is a parietal interstitial hernia consisting of ascending protrusion of intraperitoneal contents above the arcuate line. Arcuate line hernias are rare, and fewer than 20 cases undergoing surgical repair have been reported. Various surgical approaches were used in previous cases, and there is no consensus regarding the ideal repair method. We report the first case of an arcuate line hernia repaired using single-incision laparoscopic surgery.

Case presentation

The patient was a 78-year-old man who presented with a history of intermittent lower abdominal quadrant pain of more than 2 month’s duration. He had not previously undergone abdominal surgery, but had a history of mycobacterial lung disease and asthma. His vital signs were normal on presentation, and he experienced no vomiting or nausea. On palpation, his abdomen was flat and soft, and no mass was palpable. However, there was slight tenderness in the right lower quadrant. Blood laboratory test results were within normal ranges. Computed tomography revealed small bowel protrusion between the rectus abdominis and the posterior rectus sheath, and an arcuate line hernia was suspected and subsequently confirmed intraoperatively. The patient underwent single-incision laparoscopic repair with the intraperitoneal onlay mesh technique with tacks and with care to avoid the inferior epigastric vessels. The operation time was 30 min, and no intra- or post-operative complications occurred. Surgery relieved his symptoms, with no recurrence within 1 year postoperatively.

Conclusions

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery was performed easily and successfully in this rare patient with arcuate line hernia. Arcuate line hernia should be considered in patients presenting with abdominal symptoms, and single-incision laparoscopic repair should be considered for repair.
Isoprene-degrading bacteria associated with the phyllosphere of Salix fragilis, a high isoprene-emitting willow of the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Gibson Lisa , Crombie Andrew T. , McNamara Niall P. , Murrell J. Colin
Published: August 2021

Background

Isoprene accounts for about half of total biogenic volatile organic compound emissions globally, and as a climate active gas it plays a significant and varied role in atmospheric chemistry. Terrestrial plants are the largest source of isoprene, with willow (Salix) making up one of the most active groups of isoprene producing trees. Bacteria act as a biological sink for isoprene and those bacteria associated with high isoprene-emitting trees may provide further insight into its biodegradation.

Results

A DNA-SIP experiment incubating willow (Salix fragilis) leaves with13C-labelled isoprene revealed an abundance ofComamonadaceae, Methylobacterium, MycobacteriumandPolaromonasin the isoprene degrading community when analysed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Metagenomic analysis of13C-enriched samples confirmed the abundance ofComamonadaceae, Acidovorax, Polaromonas, VariovoraxandRamlibacter. MycobacteriumandMethylobacteriumwere also identified after metagenomic analysis and aMycobacteriummetagenome-assembled genome (MAG) was recovered. This contained two complete isoprene degradation metabolic gene clusters, along with a propane monooxygenase gene cluster. Analysis of the abundance of the alpha subunit of the isoprene monooxygenase,isoA,in unenriched DNA samples revealed that isoprene degraders associated with willow leaves are abundant, making up nearly 0.2% of the natural bacterial community.

Conclusions

Analysis of the isoprene degrading community associated with willow leaves using DNA-SIP and focused metagenomics techniques enabled recovery of the genome of an active isoprene-degradingMycobacteriumspecies and provided valuable insight into bacteria involved in degradation of isoprene on the leaves of a key species of isoprene-emitting tree in the northern hemisphere.
Welfare receipt and the risk of vitamin D deficiency in Japanese patients on maintenance hemodialysis: a cross-sectional, retrospective study
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Yonaha Tomoki , Yamanouchi Masayuki , Sumi Hirofumi , Taki Yasuhiro , Otobe Yuhei , Miyashita Minoru , Hachisuka Rina , Han Wei , Shibagaki Yugo , Tominaga Naoto
Published: August 2021

Background

Vitamin D deficiency is often observed in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and is associated with significantly increased risk of overall mortality. Despite reports of poor nutrition/intake, vitamin D status among patients on maintenance hemodialysis receiving welfare remains unknown. This study investigated the vitamin D status in welfare recipients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Methods

This cross-sectional study investigated vitamin D status among 106 outpatients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at two medical facilities in Japan. Patients were divided into welfare and non-welfare groups based on their status as of September 2018. Patients were divided into two categories: serum vitamin D deficiency, defined as serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 12 ng/mL, or non-deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was used as a dependent variable, while welfare receipt was used as the main predictor variable.

Results

Mean [± standard deviation] patient age, median [interquartile range] body mass index, and hemodialysis duration were 66.9 [± 10.8] years, 21.5 [19.6, 24.3] kg/m2, and 7.9 [2.9, 12.3] years, respectively. Among 106 patients, 45 were women (42.5%) and 16 (15.1%) were receiving welfare. The welfare group had a higher diabetes prevalence (P = 0.003) and significantly lower median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (11.5 [8.7, 14.0] vs. 14.8 [11.2, 19.9] ng/mL, P = 0.005). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that welfare receipt was a significant risk factor for vitamin D deficiency (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 4.41 [1.08, 18.07]).

Conclusions

Welfare recipients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are at significantly increased risks of vitamin D deficiency compared with patients not receiving welfare.