bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telling stories: sustaining improvement in schools operating under adverse conditions
Authors: Hayes Debra
Published: November 2006

We know what good schools look like but experience tells us that it is very difficult to create and maintain them, especially when they are operating under adverse conditions -constant change, limited resources, high staff and student turnover, and a concentration of first time leaders and beginning teachers. The Changing Schools in Changing Times Project 2005-7 was designed to investigate ways in which schools working under adverse conditions can engage in sustained school improvement. From the outset, the project team acknowledged that the quid pro quo of being given access to these types of heavily researched schools was the expectation that they would get something in return, and this was most often expressed in terms of some feedback on how they were progressing. Consequently, we had to find ways of working in and with the schools we were researching and, like them, we found it difficult to get people together in the same place without interruption for long enough to maintain a focus on what works and why it matters. Unremarkably, we started to write field notes, make classroom observations, take minutes of meetings and transcribe interviews, but we needed a way of supporting and documenting our observations and conversations that could be regularly and readily shared and negotiated with research participants. We started to scratch together short stories that drew on all our data sources, and shared them with each other and the research participants. The stories have come to function as both a product of the research and one of its data sources. They raise a number of questions related to their use and distribution, such as: Whose stories are they? In whose interest are they told? Do those depicted within them recognize themselves? These stories are described and discussed in this article, and the roles they are playing in the research and reform processes are critically analysed.
High pressure school reform in Brazil: the case of ‘the difficult schools’
Authors: Ednir Madza , Ceccon Claudia , van Velzen Boudewijn
Published: November 2006

Do Brazilian authorities have an interest in school improvement? Is the connection between school improvement (process) and school effectiveness (status) widely understood? What are the benefits and risks of a partnership between Brazilian governmental and non-governmental organizations in implementing educational projects? This article reports on a major improvement project, and seeks to learn from its collapse.
Escaping from the bottom set: finding a voice for school improvement
Authors: Peacock Alison
Published: November 2006

The author is the headteacher of a one form entry primary school near London. She describes the improvement journey that brought her school out of the Ofsted category of ‘special measures’ to become ‘outstanding’. Her view is that schools improve most radically when children and staff are encouraged to find a voice to express their learning needs. She argues that ability labelling, whether at an institutional or individual level, does nothing to further the process of school improvement.
Schools and poverty: questioning the Effectiveness and Improvement paradigms
Authors: Wrigley Terry
Published: November 2006

This article uses the concept of paradigm, with examples from various fields, to examine some defining features of School Effectiveness and School Improvement. The situation of schools serving areas of poverty and associated deprivation is seen as a challenge to these paradigms. The struggle to understand and intervene in these schools is stretching the resources of a paradigm which privileges leadership and change management whilst marginalizing pedagogical and sociological perspectives. Some alternative approaches are introduced outwith the mainstream of the School Improvement tradition.
‘It's okay, it helps me to breathe’: the experience of home ventilation from a child's perspective
Authors: Earle Rebecca J. , Rennick Janet E. , Carnevale Franco A. , Davis G. Michael
Published: November 2006

There are few studies that focus on children's subjective responses to home ventilation and how this in turn affects their daily lives. This multiple case study explored the experience of home ventilation from the children's perspective. Data were collected from five children through observation and audiotaped interviews. Children expressed their physical and emotional relationship with the ventilator, stating: ‘It's okay. It helps me to breathe’–a theme that had a number of distinct dimensions. Other themes included the medicalization of childhood, being a child and hopes for the future. Unlike other study findings to date, the children in this study concluded that the technology was only one small part of their lives. Nurses must ensure that these children have an opportunity to communicate their perspectives, in order to provide care that is clinically effective and childcentered.
Father absence and adolescent development: a review of the literature
Authors: East Leah , Jackson Debra , O'Brien Louise
Published: November 2006

Rapid social change has seen increasing numbers of woman-headed singleparent families, meaning that more and more children are growing up without a father resident in the home. Father absence is a term that is not well defined and much of the literature does not discriminate between father absence due to death, parental relationship discord or other causes. This article presents a critical review of the extant literature on father absence, particularly as it relates to adolescent well-being and development. Findings from the literature point to the importance of father presence in children's lives and suggest that father absence has ramifications for children and adolescents. The conclusions drawn from this literature review suggest that father absence and its effects on children and families is an area for further research, with the view of developing strategies to ameliorate the impact of father absence on children and adolescents.
Within the web: the family–practitioner relationship in the context of chronic childhood illness
Authors: Dickinson Annette R. , Smythe Elizabeth , Spence Deb
Published: November 2006

This hermeneutic phenomenological study explores the relationship between health professionals and families who have a child with a chronic illness. Study participants included 10 family groups who had a child with a chronic illness and 12 practitioners from the disciplines of nursing, medicine, dietetics, physiotherapy and speech therapy. Data were collected by narrative audiotaped interviewing. The results of this study revealed that chronic childhood illness ‘throws' families and practitioners together into a web of relationships, which must work for the sake of the child. However, children are usually excluded from the relationship. To understand and manage the child's illness, practitioners and families ‘go around’ and act ‘in-between’ relationships. While the quality of the relationship from the family perspective is not essential, relationships are more successful when practitioners recognize the uniqueness of each family web. The nature of the relationship is often simple, yet it coexists with complexity.
Children's Experiences of Hospitalization
Authors: Coyne Imelda
Published: November 2006

This article reports on children's experiences of hospitalization. Data were collected via semi–structured interviews with 11 children aged between seven and 14 years from four paediatric units in England. The children identified a range of fears and concerns, which included: separation from parents and family; unfamiliar environment; investigations and treatments; and loss of self–determination. The children's loss of self–determination over personal needs exacerbated their fears and concerns. It needs to be recognized that compliance with hospital routines is a variable, which influences children's reaction to hospitalization. The findings clearly indicate that children need adequate information tailored to their needs, that their views are sought in the planning and delivery of their care and that hospital environments need to be made more child–centred. Interventions designed to reduce children's stress during hospitalization are not only likely to decrease their stress at the time, but also likely to influence how future experiences are appraised and managed.
Evaluation of Culturable Particle Load on HVAC Filters Before and After Remediation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Perez Hernando R. , Zimmerman Neil J. , Berhane Zekarias
Published: November 2006

This pilot research was performed to evaluate a quantitative method for culturing particles on HVAC filters. The reasons were to compare relative concentrations of culturable fungi found in two separate rooms of a six-floor building and to re-evaluate culturable fungi in the same building after remediation efforts. The evaluated quantification method involved shaking samples of filter materials in sterile saline followed by plating out.

The pilot study consisted of two phases. Firstly, a case study comparison of two HVAC filters from a building with a history of indoor air quality concerns in the space served by one of the filters. The second, following remediation efforts in the same building. This involved the quantification of culturable fungal particles on each of ten filters serving ten separate areas of the building. Statistical analysis of the phase I results indicated a significantly greater number of viable particles on the complaint filter than on the non-complaint filter following culture and quantification on either malt extract agar (p=0.02) or potato dextrose agar (p=0.03). Phase II results suggested a factor of four decrease in culturable fungal load following remediation.

This limited study was performed for preliminary assessment of the use of a filter quantification method to estimate relative airborne fungal load. The results suggest that more work is merited but limitations in the scope of the research and the statistical power of the analysis mean further conclusions regarding method efficacy cannot be drawn.
Evaluation of Building Materials Individually and in Combination Using Odour Threshold
Authors: Yeganeh Behnoush , Haghighat Fariborz , Gunnarsen Lars , Afshari Alireza , Knudsen Henrik
Published: November 2006

This paper presents results of an experimental procedure to observe the impact of building materials on perceived air quality. An untrained panel of 25 adult subjects perceived the quality of polluted air in small-scale chamber settings. The air pollution was generated by emissions from individual materials, by combinations of these materials and by mixtures of emissions from single materials. The results showed that the exposure response relationship varies for one of the tested materials compared with the others. The study also confirmed that interaction among building materials is often negligible from the perception point of view, which is in contradiction with the findings published in the literature. Further analysis of data indicated that linear addition of olfs of single materials is still a permissible simplified method to estimate the sensory pollution load in the presence of combinations of building materials in the absence of any other practical technique.
Ever Eczema and Itchy Rash in Relation to Domestic Environments in Primary School Children
Authors: Zhang Guicheng , Spickett Jeffery , Lee Andy H. , Rumchev Krassi , Stick Stephen
Published: November 2006

Domestic risk factors as well as pollutant and allergen exposure in the home environment may contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergic conditions. This study aimed to investigate domestic environmental factors associated with ever eczema and itchy rash in children. A total of 996 children aged 4-12 years were recruited from four primary schools in Perth and surveyed between March and April of 2002. A subgroup of 88 children aged 4-6 years were further selected for assessment of exposure to pollutants and allergens. For both ever eczema and itchy rash, parents’ history of eczema was a strong risk factor. Use of a portable fan for summer cooling was also a significant risk factor, with adjusted odds ratios of 1.38 (95% Cl 1.01-1.88) for ever eczema and 1.53 (95% Cl 1.05-2.24) for itchy rash. Age of dwellings was negatively associated with the prevalence of ever eczema (P=0.001). Passive smoking, gas cooking and condensation inside the house were associated with a significant increase in risk of ever itchy rash as, in the sub-study, was exposure to particulate matter (PM10) (P=0.046). The findings confirmed several environmental risk factors responsible for ever eczema and itchy rash, and suggested that domestic particle sources may be linked with the occurrence of ever itchy rash among primary school children.
Indoor Air Quality Measurements in the Chemistry Department Building of the University of Athens
Authors: Valavanidis Athanasios , Vatista Margarita
Published: November 2006

This paper summarises results from 3 years of measurements in the building of the Chemistry Department of the University of Athens, Greece, focusing mainly on the undergraduate and postgraduate laboratories. We measured levels of carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), chlorine (Cl2), formaldehyde (HCHO), ozone (O3), total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), total respirable suspended particulate matter (TSP), settled dust, temperature, relative humidity and noise in representative areas including laboratories, classrooms and offices. A questionnaire survey was conducted for complaints, working conditions and perception of indoor air quality. Our results showed that levels of air pollutants (especially CO2 and CO) were below the guidelines for upper limits (<1000ppm for CO2) under normal conditions. Fume hoods were used but are adequate only for odoriferous and volatile chemicals in the restricted area of their enclosure. In some research laboratories, levels of formaldehyde were found in the range of 0.1-0.3ppm and TVOCs levels in the range of 4-8ppm. Concentrations of TSP in some laboratories were in the range of 0.1-0.7mg·m 3. Measurements in classrooms, amphitheatres and offices showed only the presence of air pollutants from human activities. Smoking was the main source of pollution in offices.
Indoor Conditions in Silesian Buildings with Natural Ventilation
Authors: Nantka Marian B.
Published: November 2006

The most important criteria for evaluating building engineering are the indoor climate and energy consumption. Increasing energy saving can result not only through the use of better barriers, but also particular building elements, such as windows that have low air leakage values. Both in the design of new buildings and the retrofitting of existing buildings, traditional structures that allow natural ventilation may be used. In these cases, the ventilation provided is important for a proper realisation of all environmental and energy requirements. The present paper presents selected results from a long period of research work. These results were obtained by questionnaires, measurements and simulations of ventilation processes in typical blocks of flats and office buildings in Silesia. The main objective of this paper is to present the investigations and summarise the large number of results taken which describe the effects of airtightness and natural ventilation on the indoor environment.
The Role of Colour in Environmental Beautification and Urban Aesthetics: The Nigerian Example
Authors: Ojo Bankole , Kayode Femi
Published: November 2006

Outdoor beautification and varied spatial positions and sensations of colours in the built environment create visual contrasts which contribute to urban aesthetic development. The perception of the dynamics of colours and their “chroma value” can have a considerable effect on the character of an environment. Colour in an urban environment is a function of the paint and other coverings used, and it is the effect of the surface colour that results, which is explored in this paper. To understand urban aesthetics the interaction and interdependence of the complex environment need to be considered separately. The physical environment, the biological environment and the socio-cultural environment each make their contribution to the whole. Trying to beautify an environment is a complex problem which can be helped by legislation but this must be underpinned by education which can aid compliance. Nigeria is a multi-cultural society the various elements of which see and use colour differently from each other. It is the role of designers to lead builders, and help in the education of the disparate city dwellers, with the aim of producing an environment aesthetically pleasing to all. Nothing should be excluded from consideration whether sculptural decoration or the humble streetlight.
(Re)presenting Indigeneity
Authors: Butler-McIlwraith Kathleen
Published: November 2006

Recent calls for sociology to develop a greater engagement with Indigenous issues provide a unique opportunity to enfranchise Indigenous peoples’ voices and experiences in both the discipline and the mainstream academy. In this article I seek to establish a position that reflects my understandings of the Indigenous lived experience and its expression within sociology, simultaneously recognizing and challenging the way in which these understandings are shaped by discourses of both Western hegemony and marginality.
Social capital meets identity
Authors: Brough Mark , Bond Chelsea , Hunt Julian , Jenkins David , Shannon Cindy , Schubert Lisa
Published: November 2006

This article reports on a qualitative study of social capital within an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander context. Using data generated from 100 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander participants in focus group discussions and in-depth interviews collected by Aboriginal community development workers, this article describes two worlds of social capital available to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The primary source of bonding social capital comes from family and wider Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community connections. In the context of an oppressive history and experiences of ongoing racism and discrimination, a second world of bridging social capital remains elusive to many Indigenous Australians. Our findings suggest that to understand the tensions between the two social capitals requires an engagement with the complexities of identity. We argue that it is vital to explore the texture of social capital, rather than just measure its volume.
Paint on their lips
Authors: Ogwang Tom , Cox Leonie , Saldanha Jude
Published: November 2006

This article describes structured responses to young Indigenous people whose paint-sniffing in Brisbane attracts public attention. It gives an emic account of the sniffers’ responses to these processes and argues that paint-sniffing expresses their alienated and marginalized social status and is part of an encoded revolt against White cultural authority and its imposed norms. Foucault’s view of freedom as the capacity to act and question the taken-forgrantedness of one’s milieu (Dreyfus, 2004), and his notion of the body as the locus of power and control, are used to examine unequal power relations described here. Cohen’s (2002) moral panic and Young’s (1971a, 1971b) deviance amplification frameworks are used to examine the reactions of the police and of ordinary good citizens. We conclude that while dominant responses to paint-sniffing in Queensland rid inner Brisbane of paint-sniffing, they increase the young people’s alienation and marginalization from society, thus reproducing the social conditions that lead to sniffing.
Cultures of complaint
Authors: Cowlishaw Gillian K.
Published: November 2006

This article was inspired by ethnographic observation of interaction, arguments and ideologies in Bourke, New South Wales, and the contrast with the nation’s public debates. Whereas the prevailing national orthodoxy accords Aborigines the status of injured victims of history, local Whites claim present injury from these same victims. The former diagnosis tends towards a dismissal of rural whitefellas’ complaints as ‘redneck’ racism, but the moral and political implications become more complicated and contentious the closer one gets to the lived realities of race relations. I argue that there is a symbolic rivalry about the contrasting moral worth of racial identities that are built around experiences of derogation and desperation. Finally I discuss two major weaknesses in our intellectual imaginations concerning the relationships between Australian citizens with Indigenous and immigrant origins.
Beyond anonymity, or future directions for internet identity research
Authors: Kennedy Helen
Published: November 2006

This article draws on empirical research into internet use by minority ethnic women to consider whether anonymity remains a useful focus for sociocultural studies of internet identities. The central argument of the article is that the time has come for internet identity research to reposition itself conceptually, to move away from a preoccupation with the generalized, enduring claim that internet identities are anonymous, multiple and fragmented-not only because, in some cases, online identities are continuous with offline selves, but also, more importantly, because common uses of the concept of anonymity are limited as starting points for carrying out analyses of internet experiences. In short, it argues that the terms of internet identity research are problematic, that contexts matter, and that studies of internet identities need to engage with and learn from ongoing debates within cultural studies which call into question the usefulness of the very concept of identity.
The cultural dimensions of online communication: a study of breast cancer patients’ internet spaces
Authors: Orgad Shani
Published: November 2006

Many have studied the interrelations between online spaces and offline contexts, highlighting that internet spaces are fundamentally embedded within specific social, cultural and material contexts. Drawing upon a study of breast cancer patients’ computer-mediated communication (CMC), this article aims to contribute to our understanding of the role of cultural elements in shaping the participation in and design of, CMC environments. It uses an analysis of patients’ interviews and breast cancer websites as an exploratory site for identifying cultural dimensions that should be considered in studying online spaces. It shows how both the breast cancer sites and their participants emphasize a sense of global similarity and commonality, while at the same time this CMC context is shaped by specific linguistic, national, temporal, spatial, religious, ideological and discursive North-American dimensions. It concludes with a broader discussion of the importance of examining the cultural aspects of online contexts and by extension, how cultural elements shape the methodologies that researchers employ.
The right not to be identified: privacy and anonymity in the interactive media environment
Authors: Woo Jisuk
Published: November 2006

This article explores how the development of information technology, especially interactive computers, changes the privacy environment as experienced by individuals and the policy implications of these changes. External entities, such as governments and commercial industries, that ‘invade’ people’s rights to be left alone are of less concern now than individuals who voluntarily give up their privacy by willingly providing personal information for other benefits on the internet. Also, in the interactive environment, intended and unintended activities of more diversified and less easily identifiable entities have become more of a threat to individual privacy. In this new environment, rather than ‘providing’ privacy for passive individuals, a more user-oriented, active approach is needed to help users to protect themselves from more diversified and unknown forces and potential loss of control. This article suggests that focusing on the right not to be identified on the network by allowing affirmative acts of secrecy and deception regarding identity and identification might be the most effective-and sometimes only practically viable-way of ensuring privacy in the interactive environment.
Online multiplayer games: a virtual space for intellectual property debates?
Authors: Grimes Sara M.
Published: November 2006

This article explores how online multiplayer digital games are used as a venue for the negotiation of intellectual property rights. Recent disputes between players and creators are contributing to both a shift in contemporary notions about the nature and limits of copyright and a growing relationship between virtual leisure and real-world economics. A brief overview of the debate as it has been portrayed in both academic literature and the popular press will provide the context for this analysis. The focus then shifts to the ways in which existing laws and understandings about intellectual property are transforming to accommodate the unique characteristics of online multiplayer games. The contentious issue of labor within online gaming is discussed through a consideration of shifting social conceptualizations of play and the confounding of leisure and labor. The underlying use value-exchange-value relationship is also explored within the theoretical framework of a political economic perspective.
Your privacy is assured - of being disturbed: websites with and without privacy seals
Authors: LaRose Robert , Rifon Nora
Published: November 2006

Privacy seals were developed to address concerns about online privacy. However, seals are widely misinterpreted by consumers as privacy protection. This research assessed how well privacy policies matched the standards promised by the seal authorities and compared the privacy protection practices of participating and non-participating sites. Privacy policy statements were interpreted as a form of persuasive communication that attempts to minimize the risks of providing personal information while emphasizing the benefits of personal disclosure. There were few differences in the privacy practices between seal authorities: TRUSTe and BBBOnLine participants offered about the same degree of privacy protection assurances and they were equal with regard to the amount or depth of personal information they requested. Notably, unsealed sites offered nearly equal privacy assurances and made fewer personal information requests than the sealed sites. However, seal program participants did provide superior access to information and assurances of data security.
Lifestyles and new media: adoption and use of wireless communication technologies in China
Authors: Wei Ran
Published: November 2006

This study examines the relationships between the lifestyles of urban Chinese consumers and the adoption and use of pagers and mobile phones. Based on a probability sample of 7094 respondents from China’s seven most prosperous cities, results show that the respondents identified as yuppies tended to integrate pagers and mobile phones into their conspicuous, westernized and socially active lifestyle. Adopting a pager and mobile phone is found to be a means to achieve social differentiation and identity among this lifestyle segment. The study demonstrates the utility of segmentation analysis in delineating complex relationships among demographics, lifestyles and adoption and use of new media.
Becoming a firefighter
Authors: Desmond Matthew
Published: November 2006

Why do individuals seek out high-risk occupations when safer ways of earning a living are available? How do they become acclimated to the dangers of their profession? This article addresses these questions by examining how individuals become wildland firefighters. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic data I collected while serving as a wildland firefighter employed by the US Forest Service, I explore how individual competences and dispositions acquired from a certain family and class background pre-condition rural working-class men for the rigors of firefighting. In Bourdieu’s terms, I investigate how the primary habitus of self-described ‘country boys’ transforms into the specific habitus of wildland firefighters. Answers pertaining to why young men join firecrews and how they become seasoned to the hazards of wildfire are found not by examining processes of organizational socialization alone but by analyzing how processes of organizational socialization are specified extensions of earlier processes of socialization that take place during firefighters’ childhood and adolescence.
Marriage talk
Authors: Erdreich Lauren
Published: November 2006

In feminist anthropological studies of Palestinian women gender change is often interpreted as contributing to the national struggle. Based on research of Palestinian Israeli university women’s marriage talk, I look at how gender change articulated through liberal discourses can reproduce state national hegemony. Palestinian educated women are forbearers of gender change in that they re-create women’s role in courtship and marriage from one of object to subject. Yet the subject position they take up is of the modern bourgeois individual-the required subject of the nation-state. Their marriage talk reproduces the hegemony of the nation-state by advocating and attaching the women to one of its central mechanisms of sovereignty-intimacy. Further, they espouse this intimacy within the genealogical limits that serve as the basis for definitions of the state’s national character. Thus, even while calling for gender change, they ‘talk’ themselves into oppressive nationally defined power relations of the liberal state.
Sales floor trajectories
Authors: Hanser Amy
Published: November 2006

This article considers experiences of social change and downward social mobility in contemporary China by applying theoretical tools from Bourdieu to understand service interactions at a large, state-owned department store serving the urban working class. It demonstrates how sales clerks sought to maintain an imagined space of working-class security by emphasizing a set of fading social distinctions. Sales clerks did so by calling forth the waning symbolic capital of state socialism and translating it into a form of postsocialist, working-class nostalgia. In an effort to appeal to a downwardly-mobile, working-class clientele in a reconfigured marketplace, sales clerks simultaneously traced the downward social trajectory of China’s diminished urban proletariat.
Biliteracy and trilingual practices in the home context: Case studies of Chinese-Canadian children
Authors: Li Guofang
Published: November 2006

Although Chinese has become the third largest mother tongue in both Canada and the USA, Chinese/English biliteracy development has received little attention in educational research.This article explores three Chinese-Canadian first and second graders’ biliteracy (Chinese/English reading and writing) and trilingual (Mandarin, Cantonese, and English) practices in the home milieu. Findings suggest that the home context is a crucial environment for success or failure in achieving biliteracy. All families expected their children to become biliterate and multilingual, but the three children vary in their preferences and use of different languages and literacies at home. Factors such as parents’ perceptions of their minority status in the host society, their attitudes toward the role of heritage language and their own proficiencies in the dominant language, as well as several school and societal factors, such as quality of instruction in heritage language schools, language policies in the mainstream schools, and the media, played an important role in shaping the children’s language choices and patterns of use at home. These multiple factors suggest that helping immigrant children become biliterate and multilingual is a challenging task that requires concerted efforts between parents, public schools, and community organizations.
Fostering biliteracy in a monolingual milieu: Reflections on two counter-hegemonic English immersion classes
Authors: Manyak Patrick C.
Published: November 2006

This article presents data from two yearlong ethnographic studies of the biliteracy instruction and development of young Latina/o children in two counter-hegemonic English immersion classes in the English-only milieu established by California’s Proposition 227. The author first describes the struggle that the teachers engaged in as they sought to resist the proposition’s monolingual mandate by affirming and extending their students’ developing bilingualism and biliteracy. Next, utilizing trenchant examples of the instruction, practices, and products of biliteracy in the classrooms, the article creates an impressionistic portrait of the strategies, possibilities, and limitations of pursuing biliteracy in this monolingual milieu. The author concludes by offering several theoretical and practical reflections on young children’s biliteracy development in less-than-ideal political and programmatic settings.
Literacies and Quechua oral language: Connecting sociocultural worlds and linguistic resources for biliteracy development
Authors: De La Piedra María Teresa
Published: November 2006

This article presents partial findings of an ethnographic study in a Quechua rural community in the Peruvian Andes. It discusses the uses of hegemonic Spanish literacy practices in the school. These were characterized by emphasis on formal issues over meaning; students’ lives, cultural, and linguistic resources were ignored. However, there were spontaneous uses of literacy by children that resisted the school’s dominant literacy practices. Local literacy practices in other social contexts included the use of oral Quechua in order to make meaning of written text. These are cultural resources that teachers may use in the classroom. The article offers a discussion of ‘hybrid literacy practices’ as possibilities for connecting sociocultural worlds and linguistic resources for biliteracy and academic development.
Exploring connections between emergent biliteracy and bilingualism
Authors: Reyes Iliana
Published: November 2006

This article explores the ways in which young emergent bilingual children begin to develop literacy in two languages, Spanish and English.Three case studies of four-year-old Mexican-background children and their families living in southern Arizona are presented from a qualitative socio-psycholinguistic perspective. The children’s home and classroom interactions were observed and analyzed for patterns of language and literacy in their two languages. The findings show that these emergent bilinguals learn and develop their own ‘theories’ and ‘concepts’ about language and literacy from an early age. The conversational participants and interlocutors were among the factors that directly influenced children’s development of language and literacy in Spanish and English. In addition, context was another important factor that contributed positively to the development of their emergent bilingualism and biliteracy. Finally, I discuss the language-literacy strategies that these Mexican-background children use as they try to make sense of their metalinguistic and biliteracy knowledge, while developing additional literacy tools and resources in both Spanish and English.
The Logic of Critical Communicative Planning: Transaction Cost Alteration
Authors: Sager Tore
Published: November 2006

Communicative planners are often criticized for lacking a credible strategy for dealing with biased power relations. The purpose of the article is to make it evident that critical communicative planning has a strategy for handling this problem. The logic of critical communicative planning (John Forester’s ‘critical pragmatism’) is reformulated in terms of transaction cost politics. The critical planner counteracts systematically distorted communication by augmenting the transaction costs of those trying to influence the planned solution by leaning on their power base instead of the force of the better argument.Also, the critical planner aims to diminish the political transaction costs of deprived groups standing to lose from the results of power-based argumentation. The idea is to make it relatively more difficult to pursue special interests by means of repressive or manipulative strategies. Hence, the rationality of critical communicative planning rests on power management by deliberate alteration of political transaction costs. Analysis of ‘network power’ shows that the same chain of reasoning does not fit well for strongly consensus-seeking collaborative planning.
Tyranny of the Median and Costly Consent: A Reflection on the Justification for Participatory Urban Planning Processes
Authors: Kaza Nikhil
Published: November 2006

Wide participation, in the urban planning context, is justified as the means of balancing multiple interests outside the traditional decision-making setup. However, this article argues that the participatory paradigm provides at best inadequate justification to the planning process. Particularly if consensus building is the aim of the participatory process, it suffers from a number of impossibility results well documented in the political economics literature. ‘Lazy deliberators’ will arrive at the acceptance of a priori median preference, and participatory processes necessarily exclude some groups, even under equitable capability and power distribution. This article intends to contribute to the debate on the nature of participatory planning by critically analyzing the motivations of participation and limitation of the participatory planning paradigms, and advocates a temperate view on their efficacy.
Establishing Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research in Social Work
Authors: Lietz Cynthia A. , Langer Carol L. , Furman Rich
Published: November 2006

As the use of qualitative inquiry increases within the field of social work, researchers must consider the issue of establishing rigor in qualitative research. This article presents research procedures used in a study of autoethnographies that were written regarding the experience of being Jewish. In this project, the researchers utilized reflexivity, audit trail, triangulation by observer, peer debriefing, member check and prolonged engagement in order to manage the threats to trustworthiness as discussed by Padgett (1998). Implications of the project suggest that research procedures utilized by qualitative researchers to establish rigor are an important way to increase our confidence that the voice of the participants is heard, therefore fitting the mission of the social work profession.
From ‘Doing’ to ‘Knowing’
Authors: Seymour Kate
Published: November 2006

In this article I present an overview of my observations and experiences as a ‘new’ academic, and reflect upon these within the broader context of theorizing about power, knowledge and expertise. There are, I believe, connections to be drawn between my experiences-of my discomfort with the identity ‘academic’ and my struggles to recognize myself as an academic-and conventional understandings of what properly constitutes credible and reputable academic knowledge. Although this is, at least in part, a profoundly personal exercise in reflection, it has wider implications in terms of the intersections between academia and professional practice, which, I argue, are critical to the future viability of social work as a strong, dynamic and distinct profession.
Moving to a Holistic Model of Health among Persons with Mobility Disabilities
Authors: Kim Kyung Mee , Fox Michael H.
Published: November 2006

This study investigates concepts of personal and environmental behavior among people with mobility disabilities leading to a holistic approach to health. Qualitative data were taken from face-to-face interviews with 18 people with mobility disabilities. The resultant holistic model of health for people with disabilities is a function of the interaction between the person and their environment. In order to enhance health for people with disabilities, it is important to realize that disability and health can coexist. Health is attainable for people with disabilities, particularly when environmental and cultural barriers are confronted and addressed.
Comparison of Social Work Practice in Teams Using a Video Vignette Technique in a Multi-method Design
Authors: Eskelinen Leena , Caswell Dorte
Published: November 2006

English

This article focuses on the use of the vignette method in social worker teams and thereby collective or shared aspects of practice, which cannot be reached through a presentation of a vignette separately to the individual members of the team. A video vignette case was presented to four social worker teams in connection with a focus group session in order to compare the teams’ assessment of the client. The negotiations in the focus groups accentuate how teams interpret the same client in different ways and actualize questions as to where these differences stem from and what they are related to. The results support two methodological conclusions that we discuss in the article: that it is beneficial to use vignette in a multi-method design when comparing teams and that a focus group context is an advantage, when the characteristics of the team should be accentuated, while individual differences become secondary.

Danish

Denne artikel sætter fokus påbrug af vignettemetoden i socialarbejderteam og dermed kollektive aspekter af praksis, der ikke kan studeres ved at præsentere en vignette separat for enkelte medlemmer af et team. En videovignettesamtale mellem socialarbejder og klient blev præsenteret for fire socialarbejderteam i forbindelse med et fokusgruppeinterview med henblik påat sammenligne teamenes vurderinger af klienten. Forhandlingerne i fokusgrupperne synliggjorde, at teamene fortolker den samme klient forskelligt og førte til spørgsmål om, hvor disse forskelle stammer fra og hvad de er relateret til. Resultaterne understøtter to metodologiske konklusioner, som vi diskuterer i artiklen. For det første er det gavnligt at bruge videovignettemetoden i et multimetodedesign, når sigtet er at sammenligne teamenes vurderinger. For det andet er fokusgruppemetoden en fordel, når interessen er rettet mod at studere karakteristika ved teamene i stedet for individuelle forskelle.
Amyloidosis and the lung
Authors: Lachmann H J , Hawkins P N
Published: November 2006

Amyloidosis is a disorder of protein folding in which normally soluble plasma proteins aggregate in an abnormal fibrillar form causing progressive disruption to tissue structure and organ function. This review covers systemic AA and AL amyloidosis which may arise as a consequence of chronic respiratory conditions; the manifestations of both systemic and of localised amyloid deposition within the respiratory tract and provides a summary of current approaches to diagnosis and management.
Chronic respiratory care and rehabilitation in France
Authors: Veale D
Published: November 2006

The development of chronic respiratory care in France faces the same problems of ageing population, technological advancement and budgeting difficulties as other industrially developed countries. We describe the intermediate and home-care systems for treatment of chronic respiratory diseases.
Hospital at home for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an integrated hospital and community based generic intermediate care service for prevention and early discharge
Authors: Davison A G , Monaghan M , Brown D , Eraut C D , O'Brien A , Paul K , Townsend J , Elston C , Ward L , Steeples S , Cubitt L
Published: November 2006

Recent randomized controlled studies have reported success for hospital at home for prevention and early discharge of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients using hospital based respiratory nurse specialists. This observational study reports results using an integrated hospital and community based generic intermediate care service. The length of care, readmission within 60 days and death within 60 days in the early discharge (9.37 days, 21.1%, 7%) and the prevention of admission (five to six days, 34.1%, 3.8%) are similar to previous studies. We suggest that this generic community model of service may allow hospital at home services for COPD to be introduced in more areas.
Use of a chronic disease management programme in COPD to reduce hospital admissions
Authors: Pushparajah S , Mcclellan R , Henry A , Kuitert L ME
Published: November 2006

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounts for a large number of hospital admissions and numerous interventions have attempted to reduce exacerbations requiring hospitalization. This paper describes the implementation of a community based COPD management programme led by a respiratory physiotherapist to improve home management of COPD and its effect on reducing readmissions and/or length of stay in hospital. One-hundred and twenty-five patients (median age73) referred with COPD exacerbations met the criteria for the service; 95 received the intervention and data were available for 80. Median FEV1 was 0.86 L. Admission data, length of stay and total hospitalization days with COPD were compared for one year before and after the intervention.

Overall there was no reduction in length of stay, admission frequency, or adjusted total hospitalization days with COPD, but median time interval to next exacerbation increased by 29%. In those who had had previous admissions (mean FEV1 0.58 L) total hospitalization days fell by 27%, length of stay fell by 58% despite an increase in admission frequency from one to two per year, and there was no change in median time interval to next hospitalized exacerbation.

In our patients implementation of a Chronic Disease Management programme increased the time to next hospitalized exacerbation. Benefit was seen in the more severe patients however, with a significant reduction in both length of stay and total hospitalization days.
Long term oxygen therapy adherence and COPD: what we don't know
Authors: Cullen D L
Published: November 2006

Persons utilizing long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) at home suffer from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Adherence to LTOT ranges from 45% to 70% and utilization of 15 hours per day is widely accepted as efficacious. Although studies have reviewed the level of patient adherence with LTOT, few have introduced or evaluated interventions. The paucity of information regarding patients following oxygen prescription is an enormous void that must be tackled to augment clinical effectiveness and cost containment for the long term. A research agenda for LTOT adherence is postulated to help connect treatment adherence variables and concepts with clinical outcomes and quality of life.
Long-term Survival of a Patient With Widespread Metastases From Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Receiving Mind-Body Therapies: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Lev-ari Shahar , Maimon Yair , Yaal-Hahoshen Neora
Published: November 2006

Five-year survival of patients with stage IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma not treated after recurrence is almost non-existent in oncological literature. The authors report a patient almost 30 years after surgery of the primary epithelial ovarian carcinoma lesion and 15 years after recurrent disease and incomplete chemotherapy who is alive without evidence of disease. She received no conventional oncological therapy during the past 15 years but rather used many types of alternative medicine, predominantly mind body therapies. The authors review the relevant literature on this subject and describe what they believe to be the first report of long-term survival of such a patient.