bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the effects of big data analytics capability on innovation capability through absorptive capacity: why more and better insights matter
Authors: Lozada Nelson , Arias-Pérez José , Edwin Alexander Henao-García
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Despite the increase in studies focused on analyzing the potential of big data analytics capability (BDAC) as a driver of product and process innovation, it is still necessary to understand how the use of insights generated by BDAC in innovation may be maximized through articulation with individuals' intellect and other processes involving the assimilation and transformation of knowledge. This study thus aims to analyze the impact of BDAC's deployment on innovation capability (IC – process and product innovation capabilities), taking absorptive capacity (AC) as mediating variable in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equations were used to test the research model with survey data from 112 firms located in an emerging country that is one of the digital transformation leaders in the region.

Findings

The results show that 37% of process IC variance is explained by the indirect relationship via the variable mediator (AC), while in the case of product IC this percentage is 34%.

Originality/value

These results allow us to ascertain the extent to which individuals continue to be relevant to generating product and process innovation in the digital age at a time when the literature anticipates a total loss of prominence due to the arrival of new digital technologies. However, in the case of the relationship between BDAC and ICs, the existence of a partial mediation of AC indicates that individuals continue to play a role that, albeit not being the most prominent, remains relevant in ensuring that a company maximizes the assimilation and transformation of the insights generated by BDAC in new products and processes.
Antecedents to the conspicuous consumption of luxury fashion brands by middle-income black South Africans
Authors: Saruchera Fanny , Mthombeni Lebohang
Published: January 2023

Purpose

South Africa is increasingly becoming an attractive market for luxury fashion brands due to the growing middle-income consumer segment, which is perceived to be upwardly mobile. Despite evidence of black South African's exhibition of heightened interest in conspicuous consumption (CC), there seems to be limited research addressing the drivers and implications of such behaviour. This study aims to investigate the antecedents of CC by middle-income black South Africans and the marketing implications thereof.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed a survey questionnaire approach and a quantitative methodology for primary data collection. Data were gathered from a sample of 170 respondents across South Africa and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) through SPSS and Mplus software. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test model fit, reliability and validity of measurement instruments, while path modelling was used to test hypotheses adopted by this report.

Findings

Among the major findings made by this report was that social class signalling positively influenced CC. In contrast, CC was not predicted by status consumption (SC). This study concluded that social factors motivated the CC of luxury fashion brands by middle-income black South Africans.

Practical implications

This study's key recommendations were for marketing professionals to imbue overt status cues in their brand campaigns to drive the consumption of luxury fashion brands. Future studies could investigate whether or not the findings of this study are applicable across ethnic demographics in South Africa.

Originality/value

The study extends the discourse of the antecedents of ethnic consumer behavioural patterns in a historically segregated market. It weighs in on the growing research addressing factors driving the middle-income population from emerging economies to consume luxury fashion brands conspicuously.
Achieving gender equality in seafaring: an analysis of stakeholders' suggestions
Authors: Tang Lijun
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This paper examines the changes suggested by maritime stakeholders to achieve gender equality in seafaring, a male-dominated profession.

Design/methodology/approach

Adopting a four-stage career cycle framework, this paper analyzes changes proposed by 423 industry stakeholders to promote gender equality in seafaring. These proposed changes were posted on the Day of Seafarers 2019 virtual wall set up by the International Maritime Organization, which served as a forum for industry stakeholders from all over the world to voice their opinions and suggestions.

Findings

The data analysis shows that the suggested changes reflect many challenges and barriers women seafarers face. While stakeholders from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries are more likely to call for changes to remove barriers in the retention and development stage, gender equality in seafaring in non-OECD countries is still seriously hindered by barriers in the recruitment stage. The paper also reveals that comparatively male stakeholders are less likely to appreciate the problems women seafarers face.

Originality/value

This paper takes a comparative approach, comparing the changes proposed by seafarers and other industry stakeholders from different parts of the world. This approach provides a nuanced understanding of issues related to gender equality in seafaring by showing that stakeholders from different backgrounds have different priorities.
An analysis of precautionary savings practices of professional football players
Authors: Schlesinger Torsten , Barth Michael , Bartsch Matti , Pitsch Werner
Published: January 2023

Purpose

The comparatively high salaries of professional players during their active athletic career should allow them to accumulate an adequate level of precautionary savings for a financially autonomous post-sport career. However, not all players succeed in accumulating sustainable financial assets. Therefore, the question arises how professional players' financial precaution within the social setting football is shaped. As no empirical analyses have yet been carried out on this issue, the study study examines football players' precautionary practices and motives.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 German (former) professional football players. The authors used qualitative content analysis to analyse the data, expanding the analysis to include reconstructive elements to create different precautionary types.

Findings

The results reveal that players deal with both career-specific as well as precaution-related risks quite heterogeneously. Accordingly, three precautionary types characterised by distinct forms of precautionary saving practices are identified. The authors also find that although the players are aware of the uncertainties and risks related to their professional football careers, it does not say much about the concrete implementation of adequate precautionary practices.

Practical implications

The findings contribute to a better understanding of precautionary saving practices among football players.

Social implications

Moreover, the findings contribute to a better understanding of precautionary saving practices not only specifically among (former) football players, but generally among individuals that face high occupational career risks and earn high salaries to develop preventative concepts and approaches to sustainable financial planning.

Originality/value

This paper is the first empirical study that analyses precautionary savings practices of the specific population of elite athletes in high income sports professional football.
Lean thinking and strategy deployment: adapting Hoshin Kanri and A3-based project prioritization in police services
Authors: Santhiapillai Felix Preshanth , Ratnayake R.M. Chandima
Published: January 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a methodology to support public managers' adaptation of the Hoshin Kanri (HK) strategy deployment approach in the context of lean thinking (LT), considering strategic alignment and consensus reaching when prioritizing a vital few of the organization's continuous improvement (CI) projects.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology incorporates the A3 problem-solving report into the HK approach to identify and outline CI projects. The priority and deployment of the projects are weighted by a composite score for impact and innovation using the Delphi method. The proposed methodology was applied in one Norwegian police district as part of action research.

Findings

The obtained results indicate that the proposed methodology provides an intuitive and systematic approach to weigh the importance and ensure alignment of CI projects with the organization's strategy and goals. Consequently, this minimizes the possibility of strategy deployment priorities being weighted by decision bias and siloed decision-making.

Originality/value

The literature on strategy deployment in the context of LT in police services is significantly limited and this study aids in fixing this gap. The adapted HK approach can support the implementation of LT as an integral part of a comprehensive strategic management system, thereby enabling knowledge sharing and exploration of the extendibility of implemented best practices and improvement ideas to problems arising across the organization.
Symphysis–fundus measurement: The human factor
Authors: Kiserud Torvid
Published: January 2023

Linked article: This is a mini commentary on Ego et al., pp. 729–739 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/1471‐0528.17399.
Serum HE4 predicts progestin treatment response in endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia: A prognostic study
Authors: Barr Chloe E. , Sergeant Jamie C. , Agnew Heather J. , Bolton James , McVey Rhona J. , Crosbie Emma J.
Published: January 2023

Objective

To investigate serum human epididymis‐4 (HE4) as a predictive biomarker of intrauterine progestin response in endometrial cancer and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH).

Design

Prospective prognostic factor study.

Setting

Consecutive sample of women attending a tertiary gynaecological oncology centre in northwest England.

Population

Women with AEH or early‐stage, low‐grade endometrial cancer who were unfit for or declined primary surgical management.

Methods

A total of 76 women, 32 with AEH and 44 with endometrial cancer, were treated with a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) for 12 months. Endometrial biopsies and imaging were performed to assess treatment response. Pretreatment serum HE4 was analysed by chemiluminescence immunoassay and diagnostic accuracy and logistic regression analyses were performed.

Main Outcome Measures

Progestin response at 12 months defined by histology and imaging.

Results

The median age and body mass index (BMI) of the final cohort were 52 years (interquartile range [IQR] 33–62 years) and 46 kg/m2 (IQR 38–54 kg/m2), respectively. Baseline serum HE4 was significantly higher in non‐responders than responders (119.2 pmol/L, IQR 94.0–208.4 pmol/L versus 71.8 pmol/L, IQR 56.1–84.2 pmol/L, p < 0.001). Older age (odds ratio [OR] 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99, p = 0.02), baseline serum HE4 (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p = 0.001) and endometrial cancer histology (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.72–0.68, p = 0.009) were associated with a lower likelihood of progestin treatment response. Serum HE4 remained independently associated with progestin treatment failure when adjusted for age and histology (adjusted hazard ratio 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p = 0.008).

Conclusion

Serum HE4 shows promise as a predictive biomarker of progestin treatment response in endometrial cancer and AEH.
Sono‐activation of food enzymes: From principles to practice
Authors: Ma Xiaobin , Liu Donghong , Hou Furong
Published: January 2023

Over the last decade, sono‐activation of enzymes as an emerging research area has received considerable attention from food researchers. This kind of relatively new application of ultrasound has demonstrated promising potential in facilitating the modern food industry by broadening the application of various food enzymes, improving relevant industrial unit operation and productivity, as well as increasing the yield of target products. This review aims to provide insight into the fundamental principles and possible industrialization strategies of the sono‐activation of food enzymes to facilitate its commercialization. This review first provides an overview of ultrasound application in the activation of food protease, carbohydrase, and lipase. Then, the recent development on ultrasound activation of food enzymes is discussed on aspects including mechanisms, influencing factors, modification effects, and its applications in real food systems for free and immobilized enzymes. Despite the far fewer studies on sono‐activation of immobilized enzymes compared with those on free enzymes, we endeavored to summarize the relevant aspects in three stages: ultrasound pretreatment of free enzyme/carrier, assistance in immobilization process, and modification of the already immobilized enzyme. Lastly, challenges for the scalability of ultrasound in these target areas are discussed and future research prospects are proposed.
E‐cigarette cessation and transitions in combusted tobacco smoking status: longitudinal findings from the US FDA PATH Study
Authors: Klemperer Elias M. , Bunn Janice Y. , Palmer Amanda M. , Smith Tracy T. , Toll Benjamin A. , Cummings K. Michael , Carpenter Matthew J.
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) can help people to quit smoking combusted tobacco products (CTPs), but most current and former smokers who use ENDS also intend to quit ENDS. This analysis measured whether ENDS cessation among current and former CTP smokers is associated with changes in CTP smoking or abstinence.

Design

Regression analysis of a nationally representative cohort from waves 4 (W4) and 5 (W5) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (December 2016–November 2019).

Setting

United States.

Participants

Adults (n = 1525) who reported W4 current or former use of ≥ 1 CTP and either currently using ENDS or quitting ENDS in the past year were included.

Measurements

Logistic regressions were performed separately among W4 current and former CTP smokers, controlling for demographic and tobacco use characteristics. First, we analyzed proximal outcomes by testing the association between ENDS quit status and CTP abstinence, both occurring during W5. Next, we analyzed long‐term outcomes by testing W4 ENDS quit status as a predictor of CTP abstinence at W5, approximately 1 year later.

Findings

Among W4 current CTP smokers, there was no evidence that CTP smoking abstinence differed between those quitting or continuing using ENDS, both in our proximal [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.90, 2.10] and long‐term (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.52, 1.53) analyses. Among former CTP smokers, quitting ENDS was associated with less CTP abstinence in our proximal analysis (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20, 0.89), but there was no evidence that CTP smoking abstinence differed between those quitting or continuing using ENDS in our long‐term analysis (aOR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.44, 1.67).

Conclusions

There is no evidence that ENDS cessation is associated with CTP abstinence among current smokers, although mixed findings among former smokers indicate a possible risk for relapse to smoking associated with quitting ENDS.
Delta‐8 tetrahydrocannabinol: a scoping review and commentary
Authors: LoParco Cassidy R. , Rossheim Matthew E. , Walters Scott T. , Zhou Zhengyang , Olsson Sofia , Sussman Steve Y.
Published: January 2023

Background and Aims

Delta‐8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a psychoactive substance from the Cannabis plant that has been rising in popularity in the United States since the 2018 US Farm Bill implicitly legalized it. This study reviewed research from peer‐reviewed and non‐peer‐reviewed (e.g. anecdotal and news) reports related to delta‐8 THC to summarize current knowledge and implications for public health and safety.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Google as search engines, leading to the identification of 103 documents that were summarized. The themes that emerged were (1) legality, (2) use (popularity, motives, psychoactivity/potency, benefits/consequences), (3) synthesis (byproducts, laboratory testing) and (4) retail (availability, price, packaging, youth‐oriented marketing). A second author independently coded 20% of the documents, which verified the categorization of articles by these emergent themes.

Results

Most research used animal/cell models or focused upon ways to identify the chemical structure of delta‐8 THC in various products. Findings suggest that people often use delta‐8 THC as a substitute for other substances. Anecdotally, delta‐8 THC is a less potent psychoactive than delta‐9 THC; however, several negative consequences have been reported. There is no federal age restriction for purchase/possession of delta‐8 THC products. Delta‐8 THC is readily accessible on‐line, is typically less expensive than delta‐9 THC and is often marketed in ways that would seemingly appeal to children. There are no regulations on synthesis, resulting in products being contaminated and/or yielding inconsistent effects. There have been thousands of calls to US poison control centers due to accidental delta‐8 THC exposure among minors.

Conclusions

Most research on delta‐8 THC is largely anecdotal, not peer‐reviewed and does not involve human subjects. Future research should examine delta‐8 THC use using nationally representative samples to more clearly understand the prevalence and consequences of use. Laws are needed to mitigate the risks of using delta‐8 THC, particularly quality control of synthesis and minimum purchase age.
A quantitative evaluation of aerosol generation during awake tracheal intubation
Authors: Shrimpton A. J. , O'Farrell G. , Howes H. M. , Craven R. , Duffen A. R. , Cook T. M. , Reid J. P. , Brown J. M. , Pickering A. E. ,   the Bristol Awake Fibre‐Optic Intubation Collective
Published: January 2023

Aerosol‐generating procedures are medical interventions considered high risk for transmission of airborne pathogens. Tracheal intubation of anaesthetised patients is not high risk for aerosol generation; however, patients often perform respiratory manoeuvres during awake tracheal intubation which may generate aerosol. To assess the risk, we undertook aerosol monitoring during a series of awake tracheal intubations and nasendoscopies in healthy participants. Sampling was undertaken within an ultraclean operating theatre. Procedures were performed and received by 12 anaesthetic trainees. The upper airway was topically anaesthetised with lidocaine and participants were not sedated. An optical particle sizer continuously sampled aerosol. Passage of the bronchoscope through the vocal cords generated similar peak median (IQR [range]) aerosol concentrations to coughing, 1020 (645–1245 [120–48,948]) vs. 1460 (390–2506 [40–12,280]) particles.l-1 respectively, p = 0.266. Coughs evoked when lidocaine was sprayed on the vocal cords generated 91,700 (41,907–166,774 [390–557,817]) particles.l-1 which was significantly greater than volitional coughs (p < 0.001). For 38 nasendoscopies in 12 participants, the aerosol concentrations were relatively low, 180 (120–525 [0–9552]) particles.l-1, however, five nasendoscopies generated peak aerosol concentrations greater than a volitional cough. Awake tracheal intubation and nasendoscopy can generate high concentrations of respiratory aerosol. Specific risks are associated with lidocaine spray of the larynx, instrumentation of the vocal cords, procedural coughing and deep breaths. Given the proximity of practitioners to patient‐generated aerosol, airborne infection control precautions are appropriate when undertaking awake upper airway endoscopy (including awake tracheal intubation, nasendoscopy and bronchoscopy) if respirable pathogens cannot be confidently excluded.
Editorial: the burden of alcohol‐related liver disease emergency admissions in England may be twice as high as previously thought
Authors: King Jessica , Walker Kate , Van Der Meulen Jan , Bernal William ,   NIHR MAP‐CLD Project
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Dhanda et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17307 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17366
Letter: improve survival in variceal bleeding in cirrhosis—place pTIPS as early as possible after index bleed. Authorsʼ reply
Authors: Dunne Philip , Finkel Jemima , Khan Faisal , Lachlan Neil , Patch David , Tripathi Dhiraj , Stanley Adrian , Hayes Peter
Published: January 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Dunne et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17252 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17322
Cardiac toxicity associated with pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction between crizotinib and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir: A case report
Authors: Monribot Anthia , Huillard Olivier , Khoudour Nihel , Préta Laure‐Hélène , Blanchet Benoit , Cabanes Laure , Batista Rui , Pallet Nicolas , Chouchana Laurent , Goldwasser François , Sogni Philippe , Thomas‐Schoemann Audrey
Published: January 2023

This case report describes a pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction between crizotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, a direct‐acting antiviral drug, leading to cardiac toxicity. A 75‐year‐old man, with no cardiovascular history but a diagnosis of metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer with mesenchymal–epithelial transition exon‐14 deletion and hepatitis C virus infection genotype 1A, received both crizotinib and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir. Crizotinib was well tolerated, but 1 week after sofosbuvir/velpatasvir initiation, the patient experienced bilateral lower‐limb oedema and class III New York Heart Association dyspnoea. We assumed that increased exposure to crizotinib could account for this cardiac toxicity. Drug causality was probable according to the Naranjo scale. We hypothesized a reciprocal interaction between crizotinib and velpatasvir, mediated by both cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). Clinicians should be aware of the risk of drug–drug interactions between direct‐acting antiviral agents that inhibit CYP3A4 (glecaprevir) and/or P‐gp (voxilaprevir, velpatasvir) and anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are mostly CYP3A4 and/or P‐gp substrates (gefitinib, afatinib, erlotinib, crizotinib, ceritinib, lorlatinib, brigatinib, capmatinib etc.).
Methamphetamine induces a low dopamine transporter expressing state without altering the total number of peripheral immune cells
Authors: Gopinath Adithya , Riaz Tabish , Miller Emily , Phan Leah , Smith Aidan , Syed Ohee , Franks Stephen , Martinez Luis R. , Khoshbouei Habibeh
Published: January 2023

Methamphetamine is a widely abused psychostimulant and one of the main targets of dopamine transporter (DAT). Methamphetamine reduces DAT‐mediated dopamine uptake and stimulates dopamine efflux leading to increased synaptic dopamine levels many folds above baseline. Methamphetamine also targets DAT‐expressing peripheral immune cells, reduces wound healing and increases infection susceptibility. Peripheral immune cells such as myeloid cells, B cells and T cells express DAT. DAT activity on monocytes and macrophages exhibits immune suppressive properties via an autocrine paracrine mechanism, where deletion or inhibition of DAT activity increases inflammatory responses. In this study, utilizing a mouse model of daily single dose of methamphetamine administration, we investigated the impact of the drug on DAT expression in peripheral immune cells. We found in methamphetamine‐treated mice that DAT expression was down‐regulated in most of the innate and adaptive immune cells. Methamphetamine did not increase or decrease the total number of innate and adaptive immune cells but changed their immunophenotype to low‐DAT‐expressing phenotype. Moreover, serum cytokine distributions were altered in methamphetamine‐treated mice. Therefore, resembling its effect in the CNS, in the periphery, methamphetamine regulates DAT expression on peripheral immune cell subsets, potentially describing methamphetamine regulation of peripheral immunity.
Genetically engineered mouse models for hereditary cancer syndromes
Authors: Biswas Kajal , Mohammed Altaf , Sharan Shyam K. , Shoemaker Robert H.
Published: January 2023

Advances in molecular diagnostics have led to improved diagnosis and molecular understanding of hereditary cancers in the clinic. Improving the management, treatment, and potential prevention of cancers in carriers of predisposing mutations requires preclinical experimental models that reflect the key pathogenic features of the specific syndrome associated with the mutations. Numerous genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of hereditary cancer have been developed. In this review, we describe the models of Lynch syndrome and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, the two most common hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. We focus on Lynch syndrome models as illustrative of the potential for using mouse models to devise improved approaches to prevention of cancer in a high‐risk population. GEM models are an invaluable tool for hereditary cancer models. Here, we review GEM models for some hereditary cancers and their potential use in cancer prevention studies.
Developmental emergence of holistic processing in word recognition
Authors: Nischal Roshni Pushpa , Behrmann Marlene
Published: January 2023

Holistic processing (HP) of faces refers to the obligatory, simultaneous processing of the parts and their relations, and it emerges over the course of development. HP is manifest in a decrement in the perception of inverted versus upright faces and a reduction in face processing ability when the relations between parts are perturbed. Here, adopting the HP framework for faces, we examined the developmental emergence of HP in another domain for which human adults have expertise, namely, visual word processing. Children, adolescents, and adults performed a lexical decision task and we used two established signatures of HP for faces: the advantage in perception of upright over inverted words and nonwords and the reduced sensitivity to increasing parts (word length). Relative to the other groups, children showed less of an advantage for upright versus inverted trials and lexical decision was more affected by increasing word length. Performance on these HP indices was strongly associated with age and with reading proficiency. Also, the emergence of HP for word perception was not simply a result of improved visual perception over the course of development as no group differences were observed on an object decision task. These results reveal the developmental emergence of HP for orthographic input, and reflect a further instance of experience‐dependent tuning of visual perception. These results also add to existing findings on the commonalities of mechanisms of word and face recognition.

Research Highlights

Children showed less of an advantage for upright versus inverted trials compared to adolescents and adults.

Relative to the other groups, lexical decision in children was more affected by increasing word length.

Performance on holistic processing (HP) indices was strongly associated with age and with reading proficiency.

HP emergence for word perception was not due to improved visual perception over development as there were no group differences on an object decision task.
Supervision without regulation: Discount limits at the Austro–Hungarian Bank, 1909–13
Authors: Jobst Clemens , Rieder Kilian
Published: January 2023

We show that nineteenth century central banks could use credit limits for discount loans as a means to enforce supervisory standards long before they had any formal regulatory powers. Drawing on novel microdata from the Austro–Hungarian Bank's archives, we document that credit limits were continuously monitored and that their size was contingent on counterparties’ liquidity and capital position. Counterparties had an economic motive to abide by informal prudential ‘rules of the game’: higher credit limits enabled counterparties to streamline their day‐to‐day liquidity management. We exploit the heterogeneous exposure of counterparties to an exogenous liquidity shock to evidence that the Bank relaxed credit limits during crises to fulfil its role as a lender of last resort.
“I miss not being able to offer my couples a box of tissues…”: Couples' and therapists' perspectives on the therapeutic alliance with the transition to online couple therapy
Authors: Aviram Alon , Nadan Yochay
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to advance theory concerning the experiences of couples and therapists involved in online couple therapy and the meanings they assign to them, with a particular focus on the therapeutic alliance. Using constructivist grounded theory methodology, in‐depth semi‐structured online interviews were conducted with 36 individuals, including 18 couples who had participated in online couple therapy via videoconference. Additionally, 15 couple and family therapists were interviewed in four online focus groups. Our analysis indicates three dimensions that impact the formation of the therapeutic alliance in online couple therapy: (1) emotional closeness, as a conduit for establishing physical or emotional space; (2) limited care, due to the therapist's difficulty providing comfort and security; and (3) body language, as reflected in the lack of physical presence and the close inspection of the face, at two opposite ends of a continuum. We discuss our findings through the lens of the closeness‐distance dynamic, which posits that therapists' ability to regulate themselves depends on their clients' emotional needs. We conclude with implications for clinical practice.
The influence of computer‐assisted obligatory processing tasks on L2 Spanish object pronouns
Authors: Olsen Michael K.
Published: January 2023

Evidence that L2 learners of Spanish overgeneralize indirect object pronouns (OPs) to direct object contexts with human referents and direct OPs to indirect object contexts with nonhuman referents has been provided by Zyzik (2006), Malovrh (2008), and Olsen and Juffs (2022). However, the effect of instruction on this phenomenon has not been investigated. This study addresses the influence of instruction on preempting (Rutherford, 1989) an Animacy‐based system in L2 learners of Spanish by investigating whether instruction led learners to use a Case‐based OP system rather than an Animacy‐based system and at what level instruction was most beneficial. Data were collected from 115 L2 learners divided into two groups (instructed and control) who completed comprehension and production tasks at two different times (pretest, posttest). Between the pretest and posttest, learners in the instructed group received instruction on Spanish OPs using the PACE model for grammar instruction. Results from mixed analysis of variances indicate preemption of an Animacy‐based system in both learner groups. This finding is taken as evidence that the tasks themselves led learners to change their OP systems by forcing learners to process the object pronouns and notice additional possible contexts.
Fossils Explained 83: Diversity of skull morphology in the Titanosauria
Authors: Pal Saurabh
Published: January 2023

Titanosaurs were a globally distributed group of sauropod dinosaurs. They had diverse forms and a wide‐gauge stance, with a few of their species reaching immense sizes, such as Argentinosaurus huinculensis and Patagotitan mayorum (reaching >35 m in length). There are about 100 valid titanosaur species known so far, but most of the originally described species are no longer valid, due to the incomplete nature of fossil materials. Our understanding of titanosaur skull morphology is based on very few incomplete fragmented cranial materials and findings of the complete skull are even rarer. Understanding the skull morphology of extinct animals helps palaeontologists make deductions of feeding mechanisms and also provide an idea about their appearance when they were alive. Diversity in titanosaur skull morphology is greater than that of any other sauropod clade, indicating diversity in feeding mechanism among these dinosaurs. Titanosaurs were the last surviving clade of sauropod dinosaurs, occupying nearly every ecological niche around the world during the Late Cretaceous, and resulting in a rich diversity in this group. This article highlights diversity in the basic structure of sauropods with special emphasis on titanosaur skull morphology.
Comparison of ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 expression in surgically resected specimens, paired tissue microarrays, and lymph node metastases in small cell lung carcinoma
Authors: Handa Takafumi , Hayashi Takuo , Ura Ayako , Watanabe Isamu , Takamochi Kazuya , Onagi Hiroko , Kishi Monami , Matsumoto Naohisa , Tajima Ken , Kishikawa Satsuki , Saito Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Suzuki Kenji , Yao Takashi
Published: January 2023

Aims

Subtypes of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) are defined by the expression of ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 markers. The aim of our study was to explore the extent to which the intratumoral heterogeneity of ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 may lead to discrepancies in expression of these markers in surgical samples and their matched tissue microarray (TMA) and lymph node (LN) metastatic sites.

Methods and results

The cohort included 77 patients with SCLC. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed on whole slides of the primary tumour, paired TMAs, and metastatic LN sites. Samples with H‐scores >50 were considered positive. Based on the ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 staining pattern, we grouped the tumours as follows: ASCL1‐dominant (SCLC‐A), NEUROD1‐dominant (SCLC‐N), ASCL1/NEUROD1 double‐negative with POU2F3 expression (SCLC‐P), and negative for all three markers (SCLC‐I). In whole slides, 40 SCLC‐A (52%), 20 SCLC‐N (26%), 15 SCLC‐P (20%), and two SCLC‐I (3%) tumours were identified. Comparisons of TMAs or LN metastatic sites and corresponding surgical specimens showed that positivity for ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3 in TMAs (all P < 0.0001) or LN metastatic sites (ASCL1, P = 0.0047; NEUROD1, P = 0.0069; POU2F3, P < 0.0001) correlated significantly with that of corresponding surgical specimens.

Conclusion

The positivity for these markers in TMAs and LN metastatic sites was significantly correlated with that of corresponding surgical specimens, indicating that biopsy specimens could be used to identify molecular subtypes of SCLC in patients.
Artificial intelligence: An eye cast towards the mental health nursing horizon
Authors: Wilson Rhonda L. , Higgins Oliver , Atem Jacob , Donaldson Andrea E. , Gildberg Frederik Alkier , Hooper Mary , Hopwood Mark , Rosado Silvia , Solomon Bernadette , Ward Katrina , Welsh Brandi
Published: January 2023

There has been an international surge towards online, digital, and telehealth mental health services, further amplified during COVID‐19. Implementation and integration of technological innovations, including artificial intelligence (AI), have increased with the intention to improve clinical, governance, and administrative decision‐making. Mental health nurses (MHN) should consider the ramifications of these changes and reflect on their engagement with AI. It is time for mental health nurses to demonstrate leadership in the AI mental health discourse and to meaningfully advocate that safety and inclusion of end users' of mental health service interests are prioritized. To date, very little literature exists about this topic, revealing limited engagement by MHNs overall. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of AI in the mental health context and to stimulate discussion about the rapidity and trustworthiness of AI related to the MHN profession. Despite the pace of progress, and personal life experiences with AI, a lack of MHN leadership about AI exists. MHNs have a professional obligation to advocate for access and equity in health service distribution and provision, and this applies to digital and physical domains. Trustworthiness of AI supports access and equity, and for this reason, it is of concern to MHNs. MHN advocacy and leadership are required to ensure that misogynist, racist, discriminatory biases are not favoured in the development of decisional support systems and training sets that strengthens AI algorithms. The absence of MHNs in designing technological innovation is a risk related to the adequacy of the generation of services that are beneficial for vulnerable people such as tailored, precise, and streamlined mental healthcare provision. AI developers are interested to focus on person‐like solutions; however, collaborations with MHNs are required to ensure a person‐centred approach for future mental healthcare is not overlooked.
Economic policy uncertainty and fund flow performance sensitivity: Evidence from New Zealand
Authors: Ali Sara , Badshah Ihsan , Demirer Riza , Hegde Prasad
Published: January 2023

Utilizing a large sample of actively managed equity funds and a recently developed EPU index for New Zealand, we show that fund flow performance sensitivity decreases with policy uncertainty. The role of policy uncertainty as a determinant of fund flow performance sensitivity is found to be stronger, particularly for funds with global focus, large sized funds, high momentum funds and those with high idiosyncratic volatility and low downside risk. The findings support the argument that high policy uncertainty dampens investors' ability to process information that allows them to distinguish fund manager skill from luck. The results remain strong after accounting for various macroeconomic factors.
Photo/mechanical and physical implant surface decontamination approaches in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Schwarz Frank , Cafferata Emilio Alfredo , Sahrmann Philipp
Published: January 2023

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy of adjunctive/alternative photo/mechanical and physical implant‐surface decontamination approaches compared to standard instrumentation in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis treatment.

Materials and Methods

Randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials investigating the efficacy of adjunctive or alternative photo/mechanical/physical measures for implant surface decontamination in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis treatment without (PICOS 1) or with (PICOS 2) additional decontamination methods performed in test and control groups with changing inflammation parameters were covered. Changes in bleeding scores (i.e., bleeding index, or bleeding on probing [BOP]), suppuration, and probing depth (PD) were considered the primary outcomes.

Results

Six articles describing five original RCTs were eligible for analysis. Based on two RCTs, the adjunctive/alternative use of air polishing with glycine or erythritol powder did not improve BOP reduction compared to standard instrumentation (PICOS 1). Based on one RCT, alternative use of titanium brushes resulted in significantly higher BOP reduction compared to either air polishing or standard instrumentation (PICOS 1). During reconstructive therapy and as an adjunct to implantoplasty, use of a titanium brush did not have any benefit on the BOP and mean PD reductions compared to the control group (i.e., implantoplasty + mechanical and chemical implant surface decontamination; one RCT; PICOS 2). Use of the Er:YAG laser resulted in significantly higher PD reduction after 6 months (one RCT), whereas no difference between the test and respective controls could be detected after 1 and 2 years (one RCT). Additionally, the use of the Er:YAG laser was not associated with improved BOP reductions over respective controls (two RCTs; PICOS 2).

Conclusions

Owing to the limited available data, clinical efficacy of photo/mechanical and physical implant surface decontamination in conjunction with surgical peri‐implantitis therapy is inconclusive. However, titanium brushes may be beneficial in reducing signs of inflammation.
Vitamin D supplementation and cognition—Results from analyses of the D‐Health trial
Authors: Pham Hai , Waterhouse Mary , Rahman Sabbir , Baxter Catherine , Romero Briony Duarte , McLeod Donald S.A. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Ebeling Peter R. , English Dallas R. , Hartel Gunter , Kimlin Michael G. , O'Connell Rachel L. , van der Pols Jolieke C. , Venn Alison J. , Webb Penelope M. , Whiteman David C. , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Neale Rachel E.
Published: January 2023

Background

Observational studies have consistently found a link between low serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration and higher risk of cognitive impairment. Results from randomized controlled trials have been mixed, and few have been conducted in the general population.

Methods

We recruited 21,315 community‐dwelling Australians aged between 60 and 84 years to participate in the D‐Health Trial, a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. The intervention was monthly oral doses of 60,000 international units of vitamin D or placebo for 5 years. We assessed cognitive function in a randomly sampled group of participants aged ≥70 years using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) at 2 and 5 years after randomization. The primary outcome for this analysis was TICS score; the secondary outcome was the proportion of people who had cognitive impairment (defined as TICS score ≤25). We analyzed data using mixed models (linear and logistic).

Results

We interviewed 3887 participants at year 2 and 3614 participants at year 5. The mean TICS score at these time points was 32.3 and 32.2, respectively. Vitamin D supplementation did not affect cognitive function as measured by TICS score (mean difference between vitamin D and placebo groups 0.04; 95% CI −0.14 to 0.23), or alter risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.33).

Conclusions

Monthly bolus doses of vitamin D supplementation neither enhanced nor hindered cognitive function among older adults. Population‐wide vitamin D supplementation of older adults that are largely vitamin D replete is unlikely to substantially benefit cognition.
Falling off a cliff: Psychiatric care of nursing home residents
Authors: Gerlach Lauren B. , Maust Donovan T.
Published: January 2023

This editorial comments on the article by Ulyte et al. in this issue.
Delayed Adjustment and Persistence in Macroeconomic Models
Authors: VAN RENS THIJS , VUKOTIĆ MARIJA
Published: January 2023

Estimated impulse responses of investment and hiring typically peak well after the impact of a shock. Standard models with adjustment costs in capital and labor do not exhibit such delayed adjustment, but we argue that it arises naturally when we relax the assumption that the production technology is separable over time. This result, which holds for both convex and nonconvex cost functions, is strong enough to match the persistence observed in the data for reasonable parameter values. We discuss some evidence for our explanation and ways to test it.
Transcranial ultrasonography to detect intracranial pathology: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Allen Beddome C. , Kapoor Sahil , Anzalone Anthony , Mayer Kirby P. , Wolfe Stacey Q. , Duncan Pam , Asimos Andrew W. , D'Agostino Ralph , Winslow James Tripp , Sarwal Aarti
Published: January 2023

Background and Purpose

Transcranial ultrasonography (TCU) can be a useful diagnostic tool in evaluating intracranial pathology in patients with limited or delayed access to routine neuroimaging in critical care or austere settings. We reviewed available literature investigating the diagnostic utility of TCU for detecting pediatric and adult patient's intracranial pathology in patients with intact skulls and reported diagnostic accuracy measures.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of PubMed®, Cochrane Library, Embase®, Scopus®, Web of Science™, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature databases to identify articles evaluating ultrasound‐based detection of intracranial pathology in comparison to routine imaging using broad Medical Subject Heading sets. Two independent reviewers reviewed the retrieved articles for bias using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tools and extracted measures of diagnostic accuracy and ultrasound parameters. Data were pooled using meta‐analysis implementing a random‐effects approach to examine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound‐based diagnosis.

Results

A total of 44 studies out of the 3432 articles screened met the eligibility criteria, totaling 2426 patients (Mean age: 60.1 ± 14.52 years). We found tumors, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and neurodegenerative diseases in the eligible studies. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TCU and their 95% confidence intervals were 0.80 (0.72, 0.89), 0.71 (0.59, 0.82), and 0.76 (0.71, 0.82) for neurodegenerative diseases; 0.88 (0.74, 1.02), 0.81 (0.50, 1.12), and 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) for ICH; and 0.97 (0.92, 1.03), 0.99 (0.96, 1.01), and 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) for intracranial masses. No studies reported ultrasound presets.

Conclusions

TCU has a reasonable sensitivity and specificity for detecting intracranial pathology involving ICH and tumors with clinical applications in remote locations or where standard imaging is unavailable. Future studies should investigate ultrasound parameters to enhance diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing intracranial pathology.
The Last Shall Be Last: Ethnic, Racial, and Nativist Bias in Distributive Politics
Authors: Gamm Gerald , Kousser Thad
Published: January 2023

Examining historical budget and spending patterns from state legislatures, we show that inequality evident in other realms of American politics had a profound, dollars‐and‐cents, impact on the expenditures that flowed to political districts. Given the salience of race, class, and immigration status to American politics, we would expect that distributive spending reflects the same biases that shape voting patterns, representation, and policymaking. But, to our knowledge, this question has not previously been studied. Drawing on detailed, archival data from six states in the 1921–61 era, we uncover clear evidence of bias. Districts with more immigrants win significantly less money, controlling for a host of other factors. So do districts with large numbers of non‐whites. Thus residents of districts dominated by native‐born, Anglo constituencies receive more dollars than those in other districts, even when controlling for the identities of legislators and other characteristics of the districts.