bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traffic: Keeping students safe outside the school gates
Authors: Mir Sarah , McLoughlin Tony
Published: May 2014

News of an increase in road accidents near to schools hit the headlines earlier this year. Sarah Mir and Tony McLoughlin look at what schools and parents can do to help keep students safe on their way to and from school.
Approaches to performance-related pay
Authors: Woolfrey Christopher
Published: May 2014

Will performance-related pay affect staff relationships? Christopher Woolfrey looks at what school leaders think about the controversial policy and how they are preparing.
Freeing teachers to innovate with ICT
Authors: Stokes Kathleen
Published: May 2014

By allowing teachers to innovate with technology, we can drive whole-system reform. Kathleen Stokes discusses Nesta's work to help education design better ICT tools and practices and to make better use of existing technologies.
Conference preview: Education Innovation
Authors: Murray Janet
Published: May 2014

A new national education conference and exhibition takes place in Manchester next month with free entry for teachers. Janet Murray looks at the programme.
Highlights from the Education Show 2013
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: May 2014

From new-look GCSEs and the Pupil Premium to discussions about dyslexia with the Fonz, seasoned Education Show delegate, Sal McKeown, offers her highlights from last month's event in Birmingham.
Do you have a great idea?
Authors: Ripley Martin
Published: May 2014

The 21st Century Learning Alliance is once again offering teachers the opportunity to apply for Fellowships to help them turn ‘great ideas’ into action research projects with the aim of developing and sharing best practice. Martin Ripley explains.
Creating a reading culture in your school
Authors: Lee Annette
Published: May 2014

School librarian Annette Lee shares some of her key strategies for improving students’ literacy skills and creating a reading culture in your school.
Three steps to using evidence in practice – diagnosis, treatment & progress
Authors: Durbin Ben
Published: May 2014

Ben Durbin explains how teaching can be enhanced by the use of evidence in practice and – inspired by the approach taken by medical professionals – he gives three steps for its effective use.
Behaviour management: Creating the right climate for learning
Authors: Halai Jay
Published: May 2014

Charged with transforming student behaviour across his school, senior leader Jay Halai discusses the policies that proved effective in creating a good and consistent climate for learning.
Pain assessment and pain scoring models: a review
Authors: Crompton Stacey
Published: May 2014

With increasing awareness within the veterinary profession of the importance of recognizing pain in animals, it has become essential to ensure that the duty of care for patients includes assessing the animal for pain with the possible use of a good pain scoring model. There is much debate about the best possible intervention to achieve this goal, and with differing opinions on assessing pain a review of the literature revealed that a multidimentional approach, including physiological and behavioural responses of the patient and staff training in the use of a pain scoring model, achieved the best possible results.
Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation: basic life support
Authors: Archer Emma
Published: May 2014

Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is the cessation of spontaneous ventilation and systemic perfusion, which, if not rapidly detected and treated, leads to hypoxia and death. Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) is a technique employed to reverse CPA. A review of veterinary and human literature revealed that producing evidence-based guidelines for veterinary CPCR is difficult due to the limited number of clinical veterinary studies. Many studies have been performed in human medicine and healthy animal models, however induced ventricular fibrillation does not represent clinically relevant situations. Despite this, evidence-based chest compression and ventilation rates for small animals can be recommended. Over-ventilation and inadequate chest compressions commonly occur during CPCR. Education of staff likely to be involved in CPCR and monitoring efficacy of CPCR during CPA is important to optimize the likelihood of success.
How to perform central venous pressure measurement
Authors: O'Dwyer Louise
Published: May 2014

Central venous pressure (CVP) is an estimate of the blood pressure in the right atrium. CVP refects the amount of blood returning to the heart and the ability of the heart to pump the blood into the arterial system. CVP is directly proportional to the volume of blood in the anterior vena cava and venous tone. This pressure is decreased by hypovolaemia or venodilation and is increased by fluid therapy or venoconstriction. It can be used to guide fluid therapy administration in critically ill patients, or in patients with cardiac disease to help prevent volume overload.
Physical and psychological needs of rabbits: a rabbit is not a cat
Authors: Debra Bourne
Published: May 2014

Rabbits can make good pets, provided that their basic needs are met. Rabbits are prey animals and are relatively fragile compared with cats or dogs; they require firm but gentle handling. Whether kept in the house or in a hutch, they need companionship, space for exercise, hiding and sleeping places, protection from rain, excess heat, and predators, and opportunities to gnaw and dig. Home hazards include electrical cables, poisonous plants and heavy objects which could be knocked over. Daily checking of the rabbit and cleaning of latrine areas is important to prevent fly strike. If not raised together, rabbits need to be introduced to each other gradually. Hospitalized rabbits need privacy, familiar smells and if possible their bonded buddy.
Post-operative recovery of the surgical patient
Authors: Crompton Stacey , Hill Paula
Published: May 2014

There is a vast amount of research concentrating on improving mortality rates in surgical patients. One study highlights the mortality rates. This is clearly shown by the Confidential Enquiry into Perioperative Small Animal Fatalities (CEPSAF) study carried out in 2006 which demonstrates the percentage of deaths in recovery is higher than that of pre-medication, induction and maintenance periods. The study identified the recovery period as the greatest risk during anaesthesia with most deaths occuring within 3 hours of the procedure. There is constant continuing research to try and minimize this risk, improving mortality rates in the post-operative surgical patient. The main area of focus concentrates on the close monitoring of the surgical patient in the recovery period with efficient nursing care during this time. Using the recommendations highlighted within this article it may be possible to reduce mortality rates while improving nursing care intervention.
Dietary management of the cat with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Caney Sarah
Published: May 2014

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common diagnoses made in clinical practice. Most affected cats are middle aged or older and one survey estimated that a third of cats over the age of 10 years suffer from this condition. In recent years there have been many advances in treatment options and long-term home care can be very rewarding for all involved. Treatment aims to help the patient to compensate for their renal disease allowing them to live for as long as possible with as good a quality of life as possible. Dietary management of cats with CKD is the most proven treatment for this condition — several studies have now shown emphatically that cats with CKD that will eat prescription renal diets will live much longer, healthier lives. Typical survival times are increased from 7 to 16 months when cats with CKD are fed a renal prescription diet. In those situations where feeding a renal prescription diet is not possible, standard cat food can be modified in some ways to more closely meet the needs of a cat with CKD. Other treatments can be extremely helpful to the individual and should be used where specific indications exist.
Reflections on designing and implementing a nursing care plan
Authors: Lock Katie
Published: May 2014

This article reflects on the author's own experiences of creating and implementing a nursing care plan in practice. The concept of nursing theory, the nursing process and nursing models are looked at and the importance of these concepts to the development of veterinary nursing as a profession is examined. Care plans have the potential to improve the care provided to patients by encouraging veterinary nurses to look at the patient as a whole and therefore move away from the medical model. To improve the chances of successful implementation, team involvement and thorough training is strongly recommended.
Fly-borne parasitic disease: risk for the travelling pet
Authors: Lloyd Sheelagh
Published: May 2014

An owner travelling with a pet in continental Europe must consider its hypersensitivity to fly bites. Sandfly transmitted Leishmania infantum causes severe, potentially fatal disease with possible relapses, and control using fly repellents and management does not totally prevent infection. Mosquito-borne Dirofilaria immitis heartworm causes insidious, becoming severe disease in dogs and sometimes cats, also ferrets, and control requires monthly macrocyclic lactone prophylaxis. Dirofilaria repens and Thelazia callipaeda are described. All are zoonoses, present in humans infected by flies, but Leishmania potentially could be acquired from a pet.
Dermatophytosis in cats and dogs
Authors: Silver Helen
Published: May 2014

Dermatophytoses are a common dermatological disease. They can be challenging to manage as they are expensive to treat, difficult to control and zoonotic. Correct identification through good laboratory analysis is essential, with fungal culture being the gold standard. Knowledge of drugs available to treat dermatophytosis is helpful, although most animals with a competent immune system will resolve their dermatophyte infection spontaneously. Treatment of animals in multi-pet households or where there are young children or immuno compromised individuals is essential because of the highly contagious, zoonotic nature of this disease.
How to measure blood pressure: direct and indirect techniques
Authors: Clapham Lindsay
Published: May 2014

Monitoring blood pressure has become more widely recognized as a vital part of patient care. Veterinary nurses often carry out this procedure in conscious and anaesthetized patients. As most veterinary practices will use indirect methods of measurement, standardization of the measurement process is vital to ensure accurate results are achieved. Direct monitoring is still considered to be the gold standard form of measurement particularly in critically ill patients where accuracy is vital. It is widely held that direct monitoring is less commonly performed due to the increased costs and skills required to place and maintain an arterial line. This article examines the monitoring equipment available and how to standardize the measurement process in order to achieve accurate results.
Chinchilla husbandry: an overview of correct care
Authors: Prebble Jennifer
Published: May 2014

Chinchillas are increasingly being kept as pets in the UK and are occasionally being seen in veterinary practices. They are small, long-lived rodents that are generally most active during the night. They have soft dense fur which may become detached if handled roughly. They are social animals and benefit from being kept in pairs or small groups. Chinchillas require large multi-level cages as they are active animals and like to jump.

Diet should consist of hay, chinchilla nuggets and occasional high fibre treats. Many of the conditions encountered in veterinary practice are as a result of inadequate husbandry or diet; dental disease, digestive disorders, diabetes mellitus and heatstroke may all be seen. Their active nature means chinchillas are also prone to traumatic injury.

Veterinary nurses can play an important role in educating owners (and prospective owners) about the needs of their pets.
Animal welfare in disasters
Authors: Squance Hayley
Published: May 2014

Animal Welfare Emergency Management (AWEM) is an emerging area of emergency management. AWEM is used to describe the management of animal welfare needs, through all phases of emergency management. It is a critical component of modern emergency management, due to the complex bond between humans and animals and the unequivocal evacuation non-compliance of pet owners during disasters.

The corpus of knowledge that has evolved from this study could be used to promote awareness of AWEM in government, private and educational sectors. Ultimately, adding to the limited literature available in this area will make a significant contribution to addressing the welfare needs of animals during disasters.
Blood transfusions in dogs and cats: blood typing and cross matching
Authors: Branquinho T , Ortiz V , Vala H , Ferreira R , Santos C , Oliveira AL
Published: May 2014

The blood transfusion (administration of blood) is a resource of veterinary medicine with several indications. Point-of-care blood-typing methods, including both typing cards and rapid gel agglutination, are readily available. Following blood typing, cross matching is performed on one or more donor units of appropriate blood type. Cross matching reduces the risk of transfusion reactions but does not completely eliminate the risk of other types of transfusion reactions in veterinary patients. All transfusion reactions should be appropriately documented and investigated. It is, therefore, important to have in-depth technical knowledge about concepts and procedures involved in clinical blood transfusion, so that the entire procedure can be performed in the most appropriate way and with a high success rate.
Equine tendons: reducing the risk of injury
Authors: Williams Jane , Chatham Alice
Published: May 2014

Tendon injuries are commonplace in the equine athlete and contribute to days lost from competition and training, and wastage of horses. Equestrian sport, in particular horseracing, is popular with the general public and the advent of television coverage and the internet enables accidents to be more widely broadcast. This can have a significant negative impact on public perception of equine welfare and negatively affect participation and financial input to the industry. Riders and trainers would benefit from an increased understanding of the risk factors and pathology of tendon injuries to enable prophylactic strategies to be employed to reduce tendon injury occurrence, promote equine health and welfare and optimize performance and career longevity in the equine athlete. This review provides an introduction to the role of tendons in the equine distal limb specifically the superficial digital flexor tendon as this has the highest incidence rate of injury recorded. Intrinsic and extrinsic risks are introduced and related to loading and subsequent pathology to enable preventative strategies to be proposed. This should enable the veterinary support team to enhance knowledge of tendon injury and prevention in clients.
Knowing and nursing lizards
Authors: Valentine Adina
Published: May 2014

Lizards are a commonly encountered reptile species in first opinion practice. They are relatively low maintenance pets, making them desirable for households with children or for those that work long hours. Many presenting ailments in lizards originate from poor husbandry and potentially have considerable welfare implications linked to the case. This is often caused by the vast amount of contradictory information available on the internet, perplexing inexperienced owners. Veterinary professionals can educate and try to prevent further complications. In order to successfully treat, hospitalize and care for reptilian patients, veterinary patients need to be fully equipped, knowledgeable and patient. The latter is of high importance because unlike mammalian patients, reptiles have a low metabolic rate, slowing the response to medications and treatment. Owners should be made aware of this, especially if a treatment course is expected to continue for weeks.

This article aims to give an overview of how to nurse lizards in a hospital setting and to prompt more thorough, detailed histories to be taken.
Whistle-blowing explained: to be or not to be a whistle-blower, that is the question
Authors: Welsh Perdi , Bayliss Sarah
Published: May 2014

As veterinary nursing continues to move toward full professional status, it is essential that veterinary nurses are aware of their professional responsibility regarding the reporting of a colleague's professional malpractice or wrongdoing. This article aims to explain the reasons for and process of whistle-blowing.
A clinical audit to identify factors contributing to surgical wound healing complications
Authors: Elliston Roxi , Heayns Bethaney , Fish Christine
Published: May 2014

This clinical audit investigated the potential effect of a range of factors on wound healing success in a mixed sample of 285 cats and dogs post ovariohysterectomy in a practice that had noticed healing complications in some patients. Patient records over 18 months from 2008-2009 were included in the study. Factors investigated included skin, muscle and subcutaneous suture material, differences between species and age, the use of an Elizabethan collar, post-operative antibiotics and whether the individual veterinary surgeon performing the surgery affected the incidence of healing complications. Statistical testing included risk-ratio analysis, Chi Square test and Fisher's exact test. The use of catgut in muscle and subcutaneous tissue was found to significantly increase the risk of healing complications (p≤0.001). Dogs appeared significantly more at risk from healing complications than cats (p<0.001). When polyglactin 910 was compared with nylon as a skin suture material to assess the risk of healing complications, the findings were insignificant. The effect of age, the use of Elizabethan collars, the veterinary surgeon and the use of post-operative antibiotics on healing complications were insignificant.
Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation: advanced life support and post-resuscitation care
Authors: Archer Emma
Published: May 2014

Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is the cessation of spontaneous ventilation and systemic perfusion, which, if not rapidly detected and treated, leads to hypoxia and death. Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation (CPCR) is a technique employed to reverse CPA. The goal of CPCR is not only to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) but to ensure survival following discharge from hospital with a good quality of life. This article provides a review of how to provide effective advanced life support after basic life support has been initiated, while highlighting the importance of post-resuscitation care in order to optimize the chance of the patient being discharged from hospital. This review of veterinary and human literature aims to suggest some guidelines for nurses to follow.
Guinea pig nutrition
Authors: Garner-Richardson Virginia
Published: May 2014

The majority of disease processes that are see in guinea pigs are not infectious, but are in some way related to poor husbandry or nutrition. A clear understanding of the correct principles of nutrition helps veterinary practitioners understand how problems may have developed, and veterinary nurses can play an invaluable role in informing owners how to correct the diet, and how to use diet to solve problems and aid recovery. The single most important principle of nutrition is that the guinea pig has a daily requirement for vitamin C, as it cannot synthesize this vitamin itself, and sub-clinical vitamin C deficiency is a common predisposing factor for most other diseases. Guinea pigs spend most of their waking moments eating, and even short periods of anorexia (12–24 hours) can trigger them to break down their body fat to produce ketones as an alternative energy source, leading to the development of ketoacidosis which will be fatal. Any anorexic guinea pig should be given an emergency appointment. Knowledge of syringe feeding and nursing of anorexic guinea pigs is an invaluable tool for veterinary nurses.
Canine atopic dermatitis: diagnosis and management
Authors: Forsythe Peter J
Published: May 2014

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common pruritic skin disease that starts in young dogs. The diagnosis is based on a set of clinical criteria as well as ruling out other pruritic skin diseases. Intradermal and serological testing are used to detect allergens for allergen-specific immunotherapy as well as allergen avoidance, but these should not be used as diagnostic tests. CAD is an incurable disease, and cases that do not respond to diet trials will require lifelong therapy. Nurses can play a valuable role in the diagnosis and long-term management of this problematic condition.
The use and management of closed urinary catheters
Authors: Bloor Claire
Published: May 2014

The use and management of urinary catheters has been widely researched in the human field, and to a lesser extent in the veterinary field for many decades. The catheterisation of the urinary bladder via the urethra and the methods of collecting the draining urine from catheters is deemed an important area of clinical research due to the high risk of the development of urinary tract infections (UTIs), and specifically catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in hospitalised patients. This article aims to explore the literature available, both human and veterinary, relating to urinary catheterisation and the methods of collection, and provide recommendations for the use of urinary catheters and closed-collection systems in veterinary practice in an effort to reduce the number of CAUTI cases.
Veterinary palliative and hospice care - making the transition from ‘cure’ to ‘care’
Authors: Kerrigan Lynne
Published: May 2014

The term ‘palliative care’ has become almost synonymous with human medicine, most notably cancer care, however veterinary practices have a pivotal role to play in palliative and end-of-life care for companion animals. Until recently, very little information was available on how to apply the principles of palliative and hospice care into the veterinary profession despite the fact that patients with chronic and life-limiting disease are seen on a daily basis. Consider the cat with chronic renal failure or the dog with congestive heart failure or osteoarthritis. Dietary and therapeutic management can make a real difference to such patients' quality of life and also their life expectancy, and as such these patients are often treated ‘palliatively’ for months to years without any expectation of a real ‘cure’. Many veterinary personnel do not recognise such treatment as palliative care however it is exactly this. This article aims to introduce the reader to the concepts of veterinary palliative and hospice care and ask them to consciously consider making the difficult transition from the ‘cure’ to ‘care’ approach.
An introduction to developmental problems in puppy hood
Authors: Hargrave Claire
Published: May 2014

Many veterinary staff wondered why the Companion Animal Welfare Council, that conducted independent studies into the welfare, care and treatment of companion animals, concluded that the minimum standard of accredited qualification for professionals instructing a puppy class should be at level 4 to 5, i.e. equivalent to a foundation degree or early years of undergraduate level study. It is intended that this article will go some way towards explaining the complexity and variety of problems that can be faced by the young puppy and why it is essential for veterinary staff in charge of this part of a dog's emotional and behavioural development to be able to recognise problems and give appropriate advice to owners. To fail to intervene appropriately in this essential aspect of preventative behavioural medicine can lead to permanent and irreversible behavioural problems. In turn such problems may lead to abuse, relinquishment or euthanasia of the dog and to potential injury to owners. Put simply, there is more to preparing puppies for life than opportunities to play together and it is particularly inappropriate to encourage a party atmosphere of excessive emotional arousal.
Feline pain assessment and scoring systems
Authors: Barratt Lyndsay
Published: May 2014

Historically, cats have been undertreated for pain. Although there have been many advances in this area, veterinary professionals continue to be challenged by pain recognition and assessment in their feline patients. Pain is a multidimensional experience and thus assessment should incorporate an interactive and non-interactive approach, focusing on behavioural responses. Scoring systems available to assess acute post-operative pain in cats, assist in identifying and recording pain responses, in addition to standardising methods of assessment. This article provides a guide to recognising and assessing indicators of acute pain in feline patients and the practical use of scoring systems within a veterinary practice.
Oral pathology in dog and cat: overview of selected problems
Authors: Gawor Jerzy , Niemiec Brook A
Published: May 2014

Oral pathology is exceedingly common in small animal patients. This review describes a numer of selected diseases that are seen on daily oral assessment in every veterinary practice. Depending on the condition, a short summary is included of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnoses, diagnostic tests, and if possible treatment/management. Persistent deciduous teeth, supernumerary teeth, intrinsically stained teeth, fractured teeth, abscessed teeth, luxated and avulsed teeth, feline tooth resorption, ‘missing’ teeth, oral neoplasia, caudal stomatitis, juvenile gingivitis and immune-mediated diseases are all discussed.
Reducing the risk of anaesthetic complications in patients with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
Authors: Adshead Samantha
Published: May 2014

This article highlights the main complications that can occur when anaesthetising dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) and provides clinical techniques to reduce instances of complications. Complications include obstruction of the upper airway, difficult tracheal intubation and risk of hypoxia. Some BOAS patients are also at risk of regurgitation and aspiration of gastric fluid.
Conflitos entre pessoas e animais silvestres no Semiárido paraibano e suas implicações para conservação
Authors: Mendonça Lívia Emanuelle Tavares , Souto Caroline Mendes , Andrelino Lyuska Leite , Souto Wedson de Medeiros Silva , Vieira Washington Luiz da Silva , Alves Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega
Published: May 2014

Ao longo da sua história, o ser humano tem se utilizado dos animais de diferentes formas, evidenciando suaimportância e refletindo-se em atitudes de respeito, admiração e afeto. Contudo, algumas atitudes ligadas ao domínio, àexploração, ao medo e à aversão para com os animais silvestres têm gerado conflitos entre as populações humanas e a vidaselvagem. Esse conflito é uma questão de conservação disseminada, porém estudos sobre o tema são escassos quando setrata de ambientes semiáridos como a Caatinga. Diante disso, a presente pesquisa objetivou documentar as atividades decaça voltadas para o controle de animais considerados perigosos e/ou causadores de prejuízos para a comunidade de umaárea do Semiárido no interior da Paraíba, Região Nordeste do Brasil. A pesquisa foi realizada com 123 caçadores e excaçadoresdo município de Pocinhos, no período de 2007 a 2010, por meio de entrevistas com questionários semiestruturados,complementadas com conversas informais. Um total de 23 espécies de animais silvestres é abatido e os principais gruposenvolvidos foram mamíferos (sobretudo os carnívoros) (n = 7 espécies), répteis (sobretudo as serpentes) (n = 13) e, emmenor escala, aves. Os motivos que geram os conflitos e levam ao abate dos animais silvestres são: ataque a criaçõesdomésticas, risco de morte às pessoas, destruição das lavouras e risco de transmissão de doenças. Apesar de serem poucofrequentes, os danos causados por animais silvestres geram intolerância generalizada entre os caçadores locais, incentivandoa morte indiscriminada desses animais. Por isso tornam-se imprescindíveis programas de educação ambiental entre apopulação objetivando a manutenção de recursos faunísticos locais.
Flora da Bahia: Campomanesia (Myrtaceae)
Authors: De Oliveira Marla Ibrahim  U. , Funch Ligia Silveira , Landrum Leslie R.
Published: May 2014

The floristic account of Campomanesia (Myrtaceae) from Bahia State, Brazil, is presented. Sixteen taxa are recognized. Keys to identification, together with descriptions, illustrations, general notes on taxa and species distribution maps are provided.
Breve revisão sobre uso de fauna medicinal no Brasil: aspectos históricos, farmacológicos e conservacionistas
Authors: Souto Wedson Medeiros Silva , Vieira Washington L. S. , Montenegro Paulo Fernando Guedes , Alves Humberto Nóbrega , Alves Rômulo Romeu Nóbrega
Published: May 2014

O tratamento de doenças em humanos e em animais por meio do uso de remédios obtidos de animais ou departes destes é conhecido como zooterapia. Apesar de constituir uma prática relativamente comum, estudos sobre estetema são relativamente escassos quando comparados àqueles que abordam a temática de remédios tradicionais obtidos deplantas. No Brasil, já foram registrados 326 animais explorados para finalidades medicinais, a maioria das quais é silvestre.A literatura acerca dos usos de animais medicinais é numericamente bastante inferior aos registros da utilização de plantasmedicinais e suas implicações, o que potencializa a necessidade do desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas sobre o tema. Entreos diversos fatores que ressaltam a importância de uma maior compreensão da zooterapia, destacam-se: perspectivashistóricas, aspectos relacionados à conservação e à validação desses medicamentos tradicionais e dificuldades nodesenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre fauna medicinal. No presente trabalho, nós construímos uma breve discussão sobrecada um destes tópicos.
Performance Drawing for animators: Breaking conventions and exploring experience
Authors: Campbell Sharon
Published: May 2014

In this research Campbell challenges the dominance of Disney styled classical animation and its associated drawing principles that are dictated as part of a teaching process. Campbell’s learning and teaching approaches come from a practitioner perspective, and are about maintaining a wider and more applied version of drawing in a digital age in which the construction and manipulation of images can be done in so many various ways. It stems from the idea that in order to create the illusion of performance (which Campbell defines as ‘emotion through movement’), an animator has to be able to experience the performance (personally, or through observation or imagination) first, and then produce drawings that are based on a more personal relationship to the performance.

Results so far are more obviously intuitive and more allied to emotional as well as observational empathy, and crucially, come about through apprehending motion as it happens. The application of this method is also more aligned to developing personal research and creative development methodologies for animation practice, even when working as part of a team.
Rumores venenosos, cartas engañosas, gritos de crítica social: los poderes (im)posibles de las voces femeninas en Chile, 1660-1750
Authors: Albornoz Vásquez María Eugenia
Published: May 2014

Hacia 1670, el Obispo de Santiago Fray Diego de Humanzoro clamaba el escándalo frente la proliferación de relaciones erótico-afectivas de los jueces oidores con mujeres «de todas clases», y también frente a la audacia y rebeldía de algunas monjas. Al mismo tiempo, muchas mujeres se apropiaban de la palabra hablada y escrita para influir sus cotidianos mediante rumores, gritos y cartas; y otras recurrían a la justicia para quejarse de los abusos y maltratos de las autoridades, y denunciar las violencias ejercidas contra ellas. Las lenguas y los cuerpos femeninos activos y en libertad molestaron a los hombres del poder, y sólo cuando se instauró la Casa de Recogidas (1723) se tranquilizaron algo sus temores frente al desborde femenino, que no era sino un cierto poder declinado individualmente que podía cuestionar el orden social y, según ellos, por contagio, generar la perdición de la sociedad.
En torno a Los detectives salvajes de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Mora Carmen de
Published: May 2014

En el presente artículo se examinan algunas cuestiones fundamentales de la obra de Bolaño en general y de Los detectives salvajes, en particular: el lugar que ocupa el escritor en la narrativa hispanoamericana de los últimos años; la estructura tripartita de la novela con las peculiaridades espaciales y las alteraciones cronológicas que presenta; la proyección autobiográfica y el mito de la vida artística; y el género policial como «architexto» de la novela. Por último, se profundiza en aspectos compositivos de Los detectives salvajes que tienen que ver con las razones que mueven la escritura postdictatorial de Bolaño.
La influencia de lo quechua en la narrativa de Arguedas: un acercamiento a sus relatos
Authors: Morales Ortiz Gracia
Published: May 2014

El presente trabajo aborda la importancia de la presencia formal de lo quechua en la cuentística de José Mª Arguedas. Primeramente se analiza cómo este idioma influye en la narrativa del peruano, tanto a nivel léxico, como morfológico o gramatical. Después, siempre tomando como ejemplo sus relatos, revisamos los mecanismos que el autor utiliza para hacer entrar en sus textos otro elemento propio de la expresión quechua: la oralidad. Entendemos, finalmente, la producción de Arguedas como un discurso esencialmente transculturado y en conflicto, ante la difícil empresa de conjugar dos formas de expresión opuestas: la blanca/española/escrita, frente a la indígena/quechua/oral.
Some Phrygian Plant and Insect Remains from Kerkenes Dağ, Central Anatolia (Turkey)
Authors: Smith Alexia , Branting Scott
Published: May 2014

During the 1996 and 2000 seasons of excavation at Kerkenes Dağ, a large single‐period Phrygian mountain‐top city located in central Turkey, a small assemblage of archaeobotanical remains and an insect were recovered from two specific archaeological contexts dated to the 540s B.C. This report documents a well‐cleaned Triticum durum/aestivum grain cache retrieved from a baking area, along with hand‐picked remains of Cornus mas, Cerasus cf. avium, and a Brachycerus sp. weevil.
Amalthea and Galene, two new genera of Halymeniaceae (Rhodophyta) from New Zealand
Authors: D’Archino Roberta , Nelson Wendy A. , Zuccarello Giuseppe C.
Published: May 2014

New Zealand foliose red algae belonging to the family Halymeniaceae were examined with a focus on species that have been placed in the genera Halymenia and Cryptonemia. Phylogenetic analyses of plastid-encoded rbcL and morphological observations were undertaken. Samples from northern New Zealand, referred to as Halymenia latifolia, were compared genetically with H. latifolia from its type locality in France. The New Zealand material was clearly separate from the genus Halymenia and from H. latifolia, and was found to be closely related to Halymenia abyssicola from Mexico. The new genus Amalthea is described to accommodate the New Zealand taxon. Samples referred to Cryptonemia sp. from New Zealand formed a well-supported clade with Cryptonemia rotunda from Korea and Japan. This clade was distinct from the clade containing the generitype Cryptonemia lomation from France and other species of Cryptonemia. We propose a new genus Galene to include three species from New Zealand, two of which are described as new here and transfer Cryptonemia
rotunda to this new genus.
The Public–Private Distinction, Autonomy and Free Movement: Unpacking the Assumptions
Authors: Mataija Mislav
Published: May 2014

This paper discusses the assumptions behind an evergreen issue of EU law – the so-called horizontal effect of the EU Treaty free movement rules. It is usually claimed that the use of those rules to impose duties on individuals should be limited in order to protect private autonomy. Debate on this issue is largely confined to how far those limits should go. This paper takes a step back and questions the central assumptions made both by legal practice and by scholarship: first, the public–private distinction as a basis for applying the EU Treaties; second, the broad argument for “private autonomy”.
Universal Behaviour of the Structure and Dynamics of Micelles Formed from Cationic Surfactants
Authors: Gibhardt Holger , Haramagatti Chandrashekara Rajashekara , Islamov Akhmed Khysainovich , Ivankov Oleksandr Igorovych , Kuklin Alexander Ivanovich , Eckold Götz
Published: May 2014

A systematic study of the aggregation behavior of
alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactants as a function of
concentration, temperature and alkyl chain length is presented based
on small angle neutron scattering as well as Raman scattering. The
variation of structural parameters of the micelles, their dissociation
and the conformation of surfactant molecules within the micelles are
quantitatively determined. All surfactant systems exhibit a universal
behavior if described on a renormalized temperature scale. This
finding is associated with the proximity of phase transitions into gel
and solid phases.
Socioeconomic perspectives on violent conflict in Indonesia
Authors: Tadjoeddin Zulfan M. , Chowdhury Anis
Published: May 2014

Focused around the greed and/or grievance theses, a large part of the economics of conflict literature concerns itself with civil war. This article provides socioeconomic perspectives on contemporary conflict in Indonesia. Three categories of violent conflict in the country are separatist violence, ethnic/sectarian violence, and routine violence. We argue that two elements of the grievance argument, namely relative deprivation and horizontal inequality, are particularly useful for analyzing the Indonesian case. In contrast, the greed hypothesis does not appear to provide as strong an explanation of violent conflict events in Indonesia.
Are Congo's mines the main target of the armed groups on its soil?
Authors: Spittaels Steven , Hilgert Filip
Published: May 2014

The authors develop a qualitative geographic research tool for case studies of conflict areas. They believe it can furnish convincing evidence on war motivation. They use the tool to analyze concrete military actions and decisions and to trace them back to what provoked them. They apply it to the conflict situation in the DR Congo between August 2007 and January 2008. In this article special attention is given to the role of natural resources in the armed conflict. Its importance as a war motivation factor is compared to three other conflict drivers found in the literature on the causes of war.
Friedman's First Law fails: Oil prices do not predict freedom
Authors: Townsend Steve
Published: May 2014

Thomas Friedman's First Law of Petropolitics has acquired wide circulation and acceptance without being subjected to proper scrutiny. His claim that, in oil-rich, less-developed countries, there is an inverse correlation between the price of oil and the level of freedom is false. Friedman provides data for four countries to illustrate his thesis. This article shows his figures are incomplete, inappropriate, or misinterpreted. He specifies nine more countries that will conform to his prediction but when investigated, these, more often than not, also disprove his claim.
The Manufacturing Techniques of the Teotihuacan Style Masks from the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan
Authors: Melgar Tísoc Emiliano R. , Solís Ciriaco Reyna B.
Published: May 2014

At the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, the archaeologists found hundreds of stone masks considered foreign pieces obtained by commerce, tribute, and pillage. Because of that, they were classified in the main Mesoamerican styles, like the Olmec, Mezcala, Teotihuacan, Mayan, Mixtec and Aztec art. Among them are seven Teotihuacan Style masks found in five offerings. Its presence was explained by other researchers as relics looted by Aztec people from the Teotihuacan site, because the Aztec priests and rulers employed them as sources of power, prestige and mythical links between the City of the Gods and Tenochtitlan. But, are these stone masks from Tenochtitlan really Teotihuacan items? How can we identify which of them came from Teotihuacan and could be relics and which of them not? To solve this problem, we analyze its manufacturing techniques and compare them with lapidary objects from different areas of Teotihuacan, employing experimental archaeology, Optic Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. As results, we identify two technological patterns: five masks share the tools and techniques of Teotihuacan manufactures but two other masks contrast with them. Interestingly, its technology match with the Tenochcan productions, so, both pieces could be recreations crafted by Aztec artisans during the Postclassic times.
Amber from México: Coahuilite, Simojovelite and Bacalite
Authors: Riquelme Francisco , Ruvalcaba-Sil José Luis , Alvarado-Ortega Jesús , Estrada-Ruiz Emilio , Galicia-Chávez Martin , Porras-Múzquiz Hector , Stojanoff Vivian , Siddons D. Peter , Miller Lisa
Published: May 2014

Coahuilite, a new variety of amber is described from the Late Cretaceous Olmos Formation (ca. 73 Ma.), Coahuila, north of México. This amber is totally distinct chemically and stratigraphically from the Miocene Chiapas amber (ca. 23-13 Ma.), Southern México, which according to mineral nomenclature is currently known as Simojovelite var. nov. Additionally, an emended description of Bacalite is proposed, based on the physicochemical analysis and geological record of a fossil resin recently recovery from the Late Cretaceous El Gallo Formation (ca. 73 Ma.), Baja California, northwestern México. The results are supported by characterization of such ambers using synchrotron-based Infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy.
Temperature study of CVD graphene on Cu thin films: competition between C catalysis and Cu dewetting
Authors: Amato G. , Croin L. , Milano G. , Vittone E.
Published: May 2014

In this paper we report on a systematic study of Cu thin film dewetting by the monitoring of the intensity of the infra-red emission from the film surface during Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition of graphene. The time evolution of Cu coverage highlights three typical stages of dewetting which strongly depend not only on the temperature and film thickness, but also on the pressure and composition of the gas in chamber. Consequently, we demonstrate that the Cu surface can be effectively activated in films at temperatures lower than in foils and the process can be fully controlled by adjusting those parameters, in order to reach the optimal conditions for graphene growth.
Approaches to imaging unfolded secretory protein stress in living cells
Authors: Lajoie Patrick , Fazio Elena N. , Snapp Erik L.
Published: May 2014

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the point of entry of proteins into the secretory pathway. Nascent peptides interact with the ER quality control machinery that ensures correct folding of the nascent proteins. Failure to properly fold proteins can lead to loss of protein function and cytotoxic aggregation of misfolded proteins that can lead to cell death. To cope with increases in the ER unfolded secretory protein burden, cells have evolved the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). The UPR is the primary signaling pathway that monitors the state of the ER folding environment. When the unfolded protein burden overwhelms the capacity of the ER quality control machinery, a state termed ER stress, sensor proteins detect accumulation of misfolded peptides and trigger the UPR transcriptional response. The UPR, which is conserved from yeast to mammals, consists of an ensemble of complex signaling pathways that aims at adapting the ER to the new misfolded protein load. To determine how different factors impact the ER folding environment, various tools and assays have been developed. In this review, we discuss recent advances in live cell imaging reporters and model systems that enable researchers to monitor changes in the unfolded secretory protein burden and activation of the UPR and its associated signaling pathways.
Ultrasonic Flow Measurement with High Resolution
Authors: Grzelak Sławomir , Czoków Jarosław , Kowalski Marcin , Zieliński Marek
Published: May 2014

The ultrasonic flowmeter which is described in this paper, measures the transit of time of an ultrasonic pulse. This device consists of two ultrasonic transducers and a high resolution time interval measurement module. An ultrasonic transducer emits a characteristic wave packet (transmit mode). When the transducer is in receive mode, a characteristic wave packet is formed and it is connected to the time interval measurement module inputs. The time interval measurement module allows registration of transit time differences of a few pulses in the packet. In practice, during a single measuring cycle a few time-stamps are registered. Moreover, the measurement process is also synchronous and, by applying the statistics, the time interval measurement uncertainty improves even in a single measurement. In this article, besides a detailed discussion on the principle of operation of the ultrasonic flowmeter implemented in the FPGA structure, also the test results are presented and discussed
New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase around the world: An eReview using Google Maps
Authors: Berrazeg M , Diene S M , Medjahed L , Parola P , Drissi M , Raoult D , Rolain J M
Published: May 2014

Gram-negative carbapenem-resistant bacteria, in particular those producing New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), are a major global health problem. To inform the scientific and medical community in real time about worldwide dissemination of isolates of NDM-1-producing bacteria, we used the PubMed database to review all available publications from the first description in 2009 up to 31 December 2012, and created a regularly updated worldwide dissemination map using a web-based mapping application. We retrieved 33 reviews, and 136 case reports describing 950 isolates of NDM-1-producing bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n= 359) and Escherichia coli (n=268) were the most commonly reported bacteria producing NDM-1 enzyme. Several case reports of infections due to imported NDM-1 producing bacteria have been reported in a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, Italy, and Oman. In most cases (132/153, 86.3%), patients had connections with the Indian subcontinent or Balkan countries. Those infected were originally from these areas, had either spent time and/or been hospitalised there, or were potentially linked to other patients who had been hospitalised in these regions. By using Google Maps, we were able to trace spread of NDM-1-producing bacteria. We strongly encourage epidemiologists to use these types of interactive tools for surveillance purposes and use the information to prevent the spread and outbreaks of such bacteria.