bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promotion of squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis by oncogene‐mediated THG‐1/TSC22D4 phosphorylation
Authors: Goto Nohara , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Zheng Ling , Okano Yasuhito , Okita Yukari , Watanabe Yukihide , Kato Yukinari , Kato Mitsuyasu
Published: August 2023

Carcinoma cells possess high proliferative and invasive potentials and exhibit a resilience against stresses, metabolic disorder, and therapeutic efforts. These properties are mainly acquired by genetic alterations including driver gene mutations. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we provide a novel mechanism connecting oncogenic signaling and the tumorigenic properties by a transforming growth factor‐β1‐stimulated clone 22 (TSC‐22) family protein, THG‐1 (also called as TSC22D4). THG‐1 is localized at the basal layer of normal squamous epithelium and overexpressed in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). THG‐1 knockdown suppressed SCC cell proliferation, invasiveness, and xenograft tumor formation. In contrast, THG‐1 overexpression promoted the EGF‐induced proliferation and stratified epithelium formation. Furthermore, THG‐1 is phosphorylated by the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)‐RAS‐ERK pathway, which promoted the oncogene‐mediated tumorigenesis. Moreover, THG‐1 involves in the alternative splicing of CD44 variants, a regulator of invasiveness, stemness, and oxidative stress resistance under the RTK pathway. These findings highlight the pivotal roles of THG‐1 as a novel effector of SCC tumorigenesis, and the detection of THG‐1 phosphorylation by our established specific antibody could contribute to cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Trans‐delivery system injection method for deployment of a lumen‐apposing metal stent in a walled‐off necrosis occupied by massive necrotic tissue
Authors: Takahashi Sho , Fujisawa Toshio , Isayama Hiroyuki
Published: August 2023

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A multicomponent health care intervention is associated with improved glycaemic control in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes compared with routine care: The INTEGRA study
Authors: Molló Àngels , Vlacho Bogdan , Gratacòs Mònica , Mata‐Cases Manel , Rubinat Esther , Berenguera Ossó Anna , Cos Francesc Xavier , Franch‐Nadal Josep , Khunti Kamlesh , Mauricio Dídac ,   the INTEGRA research group
Published: August 2023

Aim

The INTEGRA study evaluated whether a specially designed multicomponent health care intervention improved glycaemic control in subjects with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes compared with standard of care practice.

Research Design and Methods

Pragmatic study in subjects from primary care centres with type 2 diabetes and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) >9% (75 mmol/mol). The multifaceted intervention (N = 225 subjects) included a diabetes‐focused visit encouraging therapeutic intensification by health care professionals. Retrospective data from matched controls (N = 675) were obtained from electronic medical records of a primary care database. The primary outcome was to compare the change in HbA1c values between the groups at 12 months of follow‐up.

Results

The mean HbA1c decreased substantially in both groups after 3 months, and the mean reduction was significantly greater in the intervention group than in the usual care group after 12 months [mean difference −0.66% (−7 mmol/mol), 95% CI −0.4, −1.0; p < .001]. A larger percentage of participants in the intervention group achieved HbA1c <7% and <8% goals (15.5% vs. 5.3% and 29.3% vs. 13.5%, respectively; p < .001). The improvement in HbA1c levels was sustained throughout the study only in the intervention arm. Glucose‐lowering therapy was more frequently intensified in patients in the intervention group at the initial and final time points of the study (between 0‐3 and 6‐12 months; p < .001), with a significant increase in the number of patients prescribed ≥2 antidiabetic therapies (p < .001).

Conclusions

A multifaceted intervention oriented at reducing therapeutic inertia by primary care physicians was associated with greater improvement in glycaemic control compared with patients treated as per usual care.
The relationship between the school as a learning organisation and staff outcomes: A case study of Wales
Authors: Kools Marco , Gouëdard Pierre , George Bert , Steijn Bram , Bekkers Victor , Stoll Louise
Published: August 2023

Does the school as a learning organisation affect staff outcomes? This article examines the relationship between the school as a learning organisation and staff job satisfaction and the school's responsiveness to staff needs using a purposefully designed “Schools as Learning Organisations Survey” completed as part of an OECD study in Wales. A positive and significant relationship is found between the school as a learning organisation and both job satisfaction of staff—that is school leaders, teachers and teaching support staff—and the school's responsiveness to staff needs. The article proposes ways of realising these outcomes and identifies areas for further research. Policy makers, school staff and other stakeholders in education and other public sectors internationally can use these findings as supporting evidence in recommending people to develop their organisations into learning organisations, given the potential benefits for employees and the organisation at large.
Kant's missing analytic of artistic beauty
Authors: Reiter Aviv , Geiger Ido
Published: August 2023

The Analytic of the Beautiful in Kant's Critique of Aesthetic Judgment is a text of unparalleled importance in the history of philosophical aesthetics. Its main claims are adopted by some and rejected by others. A significant number of responses, of both kinds, take the Analytic to apply to all experiences of beauty—most notably, to the beauty of both nature and fine art. Our principal claim is that this assumption is mistaken. The analysis in the misleadingly titled Analytic of the Beautiful applies paradigmatically to judgments of natural beauty. The experience of the beauty of most artworks is different and requires a separate analysis. We detail the modifications required in all four moments of the Analytic and thereby explicate the experience of artistic beauty. This reveals that Kant holds an interesting and historically consequential account of the experience of artistic beauty, which is significantly different from the experience of natural beauty. The analysis further reveals that despite these significant differences, the experiences are both species of a single genus.
Membership‐based aircraft parking stand allocation system with time window constraints: An event‐based time–space separated algorithm
Authors: Zhou Tianwei , Zhang Churong , Yao Xizhang , Niu Ben
Published: August 2023

Outsourcing maintenance service providers are vital to guarantee safe operation in airline industry. To reduce the workload and avoid incompatible arrangement schemes in traditional manual arrangement, this article constructs an intelligent system with a novelly designed model and algorithm for membership‐based aircraft parking stand allocation problem. This problem arises from outsourcing maintenance service providers. They need to first serve membership orders, while guaranteeing punctual delivery of other orders. In particular, mutual collision should be strictly avoided between aircrafts. To solve this problem, first, a mathematical model is constructed to optimize timetable and aircraft parking stand allocation scheme. Second, to quickly obtain feasible scheduling scheme, three kinds of mechanisms, including information guidance mechanism, boundary arrangement mechanisms and local optimal adjustment mechanism, are novelly proposed. Moreover, event‐based time–space separated heuristic algorithm is subtly designed based on time–space separation characteristics. In addition, coding schemes are proposed through problem analysis. Finally, three cases with different scales are utilized and six comparison algorithms are selected to illustrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm.
Relevance of shrinkage versus fragmented response patterns in rectal cancer
Authors: Kus Ozturk Sonay , Graham Martinez Cristina , Sheahan Kieran , Winter Desmond C , Aherne Susan , Ryan Éanna J , van de Velde Cornelis JH , Marijnen Corrie AM , Hospers Geke AP , Roodvoets Annet GH , Doukas Michail , Mens David , Verhoef Cornelis , van der Post Rachel S , Nagtegaal Iris D
Published: August 2023

Aims

Partial response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) presents with one of two main response patterns: shrinkage or fragmentation. This study investigated the relevance of these response patterns in rectal cancer, correlation with other response indicators, and outcome.

Methods and results

The study included a test (n = 197) and a validation cohort (n = 218) of post‐CRT patients with rectal adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified and a partial response. Response patterns were scored by two independent observers using a previously developed three‐step flowchart. Tumour regression grading (TRG) was established according to both the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and Dworak classifications. In both cohorts, the predominant response pattern was fragmentation (70% and 74%), and the scoring interobserver agreement was excellent (k = 0.85). Patients with a fragmented pattern presented with significantly higher pathological stage (ypTNM II‐IV, 78% versus 35%; P < 0.001), less tumour regression with Dworak (P = 0.004), and CAP TRG (P = 0.005) compared to patients with a shrinkage pattern. As a predictor of prognosis, the shrinkage pattern outperformed the TRG classification and stratified patients better in overall (fragmented pattern, hazard ratio [HR] 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–3.50, P = 0.008) and disease‐free survival (DFS; fragmented pattern, HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.23–5.10, P = 0.011) in the combined cohorts. The multivariable regression analyses revealed pathological stage as the only independent predictor of DFS.

Conclusions

The heterogeneous nature of tumour response following CRT is reflected in fragmentation and shrinkage. In rectal cancer there is a predominance of the fragmented pattern, which is associated with advanced stage and less tumour regression. While not independently associated with survival, these reproducible patterns give insights into the biology of tumour response.
Ki67 assessment protocol as an integral biomarker for avoiding radiotherapy in the LUMINA breast cancer trial
Authors: Nielsen Torsten O , Leung Samuel C Y , Riaz Nazia , Mulligan Anna M , Kos Zuzana , Bane Anita , Whelan Timothy J
Published: August 2023

Aims

The LUMINA trial demonstrated a very low local recurrence rate in women ≥55 years with low‐risk luminal A breast cancer (defined as grade I‐II, T1N0, hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative and Ki67 index ≤13.25%) treated with breast‐conserving surgery and endocrine therapy (but no other systemic therapy), supporting the safe omission of radiation in these women. Here we describe the protocol for Ki67 assessment, the companion diagnostic used to guide omission of adjuvant radiotherapy.

Methods

Ki67 immunohistochemistry was performed on full‐face sections at one of three regional labs. Pathologists trained in the International Ki67 in Breast Cancer Working Group (IKWG) method demarcated tumour areas on scanned slides and scored 100 nuclei from each of at least five randomly selected 1‐mm fields. For cases with high Ki67 heterogeneity, further virtual cores were selected and scored in order to confidently assign a case as luminal A (≤13.25%) or B (>13.25%). Interlaboratory variability was assessed through an annual quality assurance programme during the study period.

Results

From the quality assurance programme, the mean Ki67 index across all cases/labs was 13%. The observed intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and kappa statistics were ≥0.9 and ≥0.7, respectively, indicating a substantial level of agreement. Median scoring time was 4 min per case. The IKWG‐recommended scoring method, performed directly from slides, requiring up to four scored fields, is concordant with the LUMINA scoring method (ICC ≥ 0.9).

Conclusion

Ki67 is a practical, reproducible, and inexpensive biomarker that can identify low‐risk luminal A breast cancers as potential candidates for radiation de‐escalation.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01791829
Sentinel lymph node biopsy for lentigo maligna melanoma under local anaesthesia
Authors: Huynh Julia , Leiter Ulrike , Garbe Claus , Shiderova Galina , Walter Vincent , Eigentler Thomas , Scheu Alexander , Häfner Hans‐Martin , Schnabl Saskia Maria
Published: August 2023

Background

Lentigo maligna melanoma is mainly localized in the head and neck region in elderly patients. Due to its slow horizontal growth, it has a good prognosis compared to other melanoma subtypes, but specific data are rare.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate sentinel lymph node biopsy in lentigo maligna melanoma under local anaesthesia and to discuss the benefit.

Methods

Investigation of patients with lentigo maligna melanoma and tumour thickness ≥1 mm treated at the Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Tuebingen, between January 2008 and October 2019.

Results

In total, 204 patients (126 SLNB, 78 non‐SLNB) with a median age of 75.7 years (SLNB: 73.3 years, non‐SLNB: 79.7 years) could be included. Sixteen of 126 (12.7%) sentinel lymph nodes were positive. Five‐year overall survival was 87.9% (88.5% SLNB; 87.4% non‐SLNB) and 5‐year distant metastasis‐free survival was 85.8% (85.4% SLNB; 86.7% non‐SLNB). There was no significant difference for distant metastasis‐free survival (p = 0.861) and overall survival (p = 0.247) between patients with and without sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Conclusions

Sentinel lymph node biopsy in lentigo maligna melanoma under local anaesthesia is a safe and simple method, even in very old patients. However, LMM has a very good 5‐year overall survival. In high‐risk patients with high tumour thickness and/or ulceration, adjuvant immunotherapy can now be offered without the need to perform this procedure.
Establishing and sustaining an acute care for elders unit: An incremental journey to success
Authors: Lynch David H. , Mournighan Kimberly , Dale Maureen , Spangler Hillary B. , Gotelli John , Davis Ronald , Felton Kittra , Lingley‐Brown Kara , Busby‐Whitehead Jan , Batsis John A. , Hanson Laura C.
Published: August 2023

Acute Care for Elders (ACE) units reduce hospital‐associated delirium, functional decline, and lengths of stay. However, establishing and sustaining such units have proven difficult. There are only 43 ACE units among the >3500 hospitals in the United States. This study describes an iterative quality improvement process, which allowed us to establish and sustain an ACE unit care model in a modern academic hospital. This continuous process was centered on implementing the key principles of the ACE unit model of care: patient‐centered care assessments, medical care review, specialized prepared environment, early mobilization, physical therapy, and early planning for discharge to home. Quality of care and patient outcomes data for older adults admitted to our ACE unit includes mortality index (observed/expected) consistently <1 (FY22 = 0.86), 30‐day readmission rate of <10% (FY22 9.31%), and length of stay index of ~1 (FY22 1.07). We describe how work on our ACE unit has led to hospital‐wide initiatives, including dementia‐friendly hospital certification. Our hope is that others can use this process to enhance the dissemination of the ACE unit model of care.
Structural attribution of emissions along the global supply chain and implications for climate policy
Authors: Tokito Shohei , Hanaka Tesshu , Nagashima Fumiya
Published: August 2023

To develop and implement effective policies to mitigate climate change, it is important to understand the emission profile of sectors that comprise the network of global supply chains. Focusing on the relationship between sectors’ positions in the global supply chain, this study develops a structural position analysis framework based on input–output analysis. Our framework reveals the highest‐priority sectors and transactions, and the best strategies for CO2 emission reduction in the global supply chain. The strategies identified focus on cross‐border transactions and highlight the need for inter‐sectoral and international collaboration. The results indicate that the United States and China have different priorities and characteristics (even vis‐à‐vis the same industry), and that joint emission reduction policies should be coordinated to take advantage of each country's emission reduction potential. Our findings suggest that, in the United States and Europe, policies to promote the reduction of direct emissions from production of goods for exports through carbon taxes are important. Contrarily, in Asian countries, carbon emissions originate mainly from intermediate goods trades, suggesting the need for mandatory life cycle assessment reporting and emissions disclosure. Our analytical framework thus proposes specific policies that could effectively reduce specific sectors' and transactions’ carbon footprints.
Oil Shocks, External Adjustment, and Country Portfolio
Authors: SHENG LIUGANG , ZHAO HONGYAN
Published: August 2023

This study examines the intertemporal nature of countries’ external adjustment by using two oil income shocks with different timings: giant oil discovery news shocks and contemporaneous oil revenue shocks from international oil price changes. Empirical estimates using a large panel of countries support the intertemporal theory. Net foreign assets hike immediately upon oil revenue shocks, but decline for the first 5 years after oil discoveries and rebound subsequently. These adjustments are largely through the current account but partially stabilized by valuation effects for oil revenue shocks. Oil discoveries attract FDI inflows, while oil revenue shocks increase foreign debt assets holdings.
A clinical evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of a novel topical antioxidant formulation featuring vitamin C, astaxanthin, and fermented turmeric
Authors: Konisky Hailey , Bowe Whitney P. , Yang Pada , Kobets Kseniya
Published: August 2023

Background

Ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light, and pollution are a few examples of environmental factors that exacerbate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause damage to skin cells' DNA, proteins, and lipids. By supplementing the skin with antioxidants, we can help neutralize ROS formed by these extrinsic factors before they can damage the skin.

Aims

This prospective open‐label study explores the safety and efficacy of this novel topical formulation of antioxidants (vitamin C, astaxanthin, fermented turmeric, and vitamin E) designed to fight free radical damage and improve overall skin quality, as well as the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, radiance, and hyperpigmentation of the skin.

Patients/Methods

This single‐center clinical study evaluated the efficacy of twice‐daily application of the test article (Asta C™ Vitamin C Age Defense Serum, Dr. Whitney Bowe Beauty) in 32 subjects for 12 weeks. Healthy female subjects aged 35–60 with mild to moderate fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation/uneven skin tone were enrolled in this study. Fitzpatrick skin types I–VI, all skin types (dry, normal, combination, oily), and subjects with sensitive skin were included.

Results

All subjects demonstrated improvement in overall skin quality (face, neck, and chest) by the end of the 12‐week study period. One hundred percent of subjects demonstrated improvement in the appearance of fine lines at Week 12.

Conclusions

Overall, the current clinical study demonstrates that Asta C™ is safe, well‐tolerated, and effective in improving overall skin quality, as well as the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, radiance, and hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Whose English gets paid off?—Neoliberal discourses of English and ethnic minority students’ subjectivities in China
Authors: Guo Xiaoyan (Grace) , Gu Michelle Mingyue
Published: August 2023

The study traces the trajectories of Uyghur college students’ subjectivity construction and transformation from Foucault's governmentality perspective. Drawing on ethnographic data of two telling cases, it explores how minoritized students’ subjectivities were linked to neoliberal discourses of English and constituted by power techniques, self‐technologies, and affective dispositions embedded in wider institutional transformations. Participants were found experiencing a shift to the individualistic subjectivity associated with academic achievement and performance in English away from the collective identity of “authentic Uyghur” symbolized by the Uyghur language. Two salient discourses of English, i.e., English as constraints, and English as academic excellence, emerging from the neoliberal‐oriented institutional English language education policies and practices, shaped the participants either as incompetent English learners or elite subjects. Participants learned to responsibilitize themselves through such self‐technologies as confession and preaching, and affective practices. Yet, technologies of hope and optimism became for a few the enjoyment of experiences and performance of elitism while projecting a majority disadvantaged as affectively problematic others. The self‐technologies and affective responses without recognition of larger structures of inequality could further reinforce the neoliberal logic. The affective labor of sense of solidarity, commitment to community, empathy for the deprived ones with critical reflection and collective action, nevertheless, may counter neoliberal logic and point to an alternative path to meaning‐making and social relations.
Spinal segmental myoclonus associated with CASPR2 antibody confounded by tethered cord
Authors: Sharma Bhawna , Gupta Ashish , Harish Hovale Bheemrao
Published: August 2023

Spinal segmental myoclonus is rhythmic or semirhythmic involuntary contractions of muscle groups supplied by one or several contiguous segments of the brainstem and/or spinal cord evident with surface electromyographic (EMG) discharges. The clinical spectrum of contactin‐associated protein‐2 (CASPR2) autoantibody‐associated disorders is more diverse and reports on unusual, sometimes isolated, and immunotherapy‐responsive movement disorders in CASPR2 autoantibody‐associated syndromes have been described. We describe a rare case of spinal segmental myoclonus associated with CASPR2 antibody.
Reproductive success, fruit removal and local distribution patterns in the early‐flowering shrub Daphne mezereum
Authors: Arnell Matilda , Eriksson Ove , Ehrlén Johan
Published: August 2023

In insect‐pollinated, bird‐dispersed plants, both investment in reproduction and reproductive success involve interactions between plants and their pollinators and dispersers. The outcome of these plant–animal interactions may be affected by the number of flowers and fruits, as well as by the plants' local environment and by spatial associations among plants. In this study we mapped the spatial distribution of individuals in a population of the early flowering, fleshy‐fruited shrub Daphne mezereum, in a forest in boreo‐nemoral Sweden. For all mapped individuals we collected data on numbers of flowers and fruits and fruit removal, for three consecutive years. We analysed spatial associations among individuals, and the effects on reproductive performance and fruit removal of plant height, numbers of flowers and fruits, distance to forest edge, and neighbouring flower and fruit density. Our results show that the density of D. mezereum increases with increasing proximity to forest edge. The number of flowers produced, as well as fruit set and fruit removal, show the same positive relationship with increasing proximity to forest edges. We further show that individuals are aggregated up to distances of about 10 m. The flower production of neighbouring conspecific individuals within 10 m is negatively related to fruit set whereas the fruit production of neighbours is positively related to fruit removal. Our main conclusion is that the spatial distribution of D. mezereum affects reproductive success and fruit removal, which in turn has the potential to feed back to the spatial distribution pattern. Combining studies of reproduction with spatial analyses is important to advance our understanding of the dynamics of plant populations.
Nurse‐led intervention for the management of bariatric surgery patients: A systematic review
Authors: Mendes Cláudia , Carvalho Manuel , Oliveira Leandro , Rodrigues Luís Monteiro , Gregório João
Published: August 2023

The prevalence of obesity has become a global health concern, and severe obesity is associated with various chronic diseases and decreased quality of life. Bariatric surgery has shown success in treating obesity. Nevertheless, some patients experience weight regain and unsatisfactory outcomes. Multidisciplinary interventions have been shown to improve postoperative outcomes. Case managers, often specialized nurses, play a crucial role in patient support and coordination of care. However, the diverse design of case‐managing interventions hinders the assessment of their success. Thus, the aim of this review is to identify the most successful structural characteristics of case‐managing interventions, with or without the support of e‐Health, in the process of perioperative management of bariatric surgery patients. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant studies published in the last 10 years. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical studies, case studies, or observational studies that evaluated perioperative care in bariatric surgery. The PICO framework was used to frame the search strategy. The initial search yielded 225 articles, of which 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nurse‐led case‐managing interventions with a multidisciplinary approach showed positive results in weight loss, physical activity, and quality of life. Patient‐centered care models were found to promote adherence to treatment and patient satisfaction. E‐Health technologies improved quality of life but not weight loss. The duration of behavioral interventions and the long‐term outcomes after surgery remained unclear. Nurse‐led case‐management interventions, with a focus on behavioral change and multidisciplinary approaches, show promise in improving outcomes in bariatric surgery patients. Patient‐centered care models and longer term interventions may contribute to sustained weight loss and better postoperative outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration of interventions and the long‐term effects on weight maintenance.
Quality of life after wearing multifocal contact lenses for myopia control for 2 weeks in the BLINK Study
Authors: Ticak Anita , Walline Jeffrey J. , Berntsen David A. , Mutti Donald O. , Jones‐Jordan Lisa A. , Cardenas Laura , Day Elizabeth , Dougherty Bradley E. ,   The BLINK Study Group
Published: August 2023

Purpose

To validate Pediatric Refractive Error Profile 2 (PREP2) subscales that can be used to evaluate contact lens wearers and compare vision‐specific quality of life measurements between children wearing multifocal and single vision contact lenses for 2 weeks.

Methods

Two hundred and ninety‐four myopic children aged 7–11 years (inclusive) were enrolled in the 3‐year, double‐masked Bifocal Lenses In Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) Study. Participants completed the PREP2 survey after having worn contact lenses for 2 weeks. The Vision, Symptoms, Activities and Overall PREP2 subscales were used to compare participants' subjective assessment while wearing +1.50 or +2.50 D add multifocal or single vision contact lenses. Rasch analysis was used to validate each subscale and to compare participants' subjective assessment of contact lens wear.

Results

Item fit to the Rasch model was good for all scales, with no individual items having infit mean square statistics outside the recommended range (0.7–1.3). Response category function was acceptable for all subscales, with ordered category thresholds. Measurement precision, assessed by the Rasch person reliability statistic, was less than ideal (≥0.8) for three of the subscales, but met the minimum acceptable standard of 0.5. Scores for the Vision subscale differed by treatment assignment (p = 0.03), indicating that participants with the highest add power reported statistically worse quality of vision, although the difference was only 3.9 units on a scale of 1–100. Girls reported fewer symptoms than boys (p = 0.006), but there were no other differences between boys and girls.

Conclusions

Rasch analysis demonstrates that the PREP2 survey is a valid instrument for assessing refractive error‐specific quality of life. These results suggest that vision‐related quality of life is not meaningfully affected by 2 weeks of soft multifocal contact lens wear for myopia control.
Reasons‐responsiveness, control and the negligence puzzle
Authors: Loewenstein Yael
Published: August 2023

A longstanding puzzle about moral responsibility for negligence arises from three plausible yet jointly inconsistent theses: (i) an agent can, in certain circumstances, be morally responsible for some outcome O, even if her behavior with respect to O is negligent (i.e., even if she never adverted to the possibility that the behavior might result in O), (ii) an agent can be morally responsible for O only if she has some control over O, (iii) if an agent acts negligently with respect to O, then she has no control over O. This paper is in two parts. First, I argue that reasons‐responsiveness models of moral responsibility can be applied naturally to negligence scenarios; indeed, agents are intuitively responsible for the outcomes of their negligent behavior just when they meet the conditions for responsibility given by the best reason‐responsiveness theories. Second, if the reasons‐responsiveness conditions are applicable to negligence scenarios then one of two things follows: either agents can have direct control over outcomes they never adverted to, or reasons‐responsiveness is not a condition ofcontrolbut of something else connected to moral responsibility. Each possibility would be important in its own right—and each can solve the negligence puzzle.
A co‐opetitive game analysis of platform compatibility strategies under add‐on services
Authors: Liang Yanjie , Liu Weihua , Li Kevin W. , Dong Chuanwen , Lim Ming K.
Published: August 2023

Large‐scale platforms (LSPs) with valuation and awareness advantages have enabled competing small‐scale platforms (SSPs) to be embedded in their platforms. This compatibility strategy creates a new channel, that is, the compatible channel, through which customers can purchase services from SSPs via the LSPs. Additionally, numerous platforms have been introducing add‐on services to enhance their profitability. In this study, we develop stylized game models to characterize the interaction between an LSP and an SSP and explore their strategic and operational decisions on platform compatibility under add‐on services. Our major research findings are as follows: First, compatibility has opposite impacts on service pricing. That is, at a low proportion of demand through the compatible channel, the two platforms engage in a price war; otherwise, they both raise prices. Second, we identify the conditions for platform compatibility: Compatibility becomes an equilibrium strategy if the proportion of demand through the compatible channel falls within an intermediate range. Third, we find that homogeneous add‐on services stimulate rather than inhibit compatibility due to the different profit foci of two platforms. Finally, we conduct extensions to further verify the robustness of the conclusions. Our results provide important implications to the burgeoning debate on when platforms should implement compatibility to achieve a win–win scenario under a variety of settings.
Transcriptomic and physiological shade avoidance responses in potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants
Authors: Gómez‐Ocampo Gabriel , Cascales Jimena , Medina‐Fraga Ana L. , Ploschuk Edmundo L. , Mantese Anita I. , Crocco Carlos D. , Matsusaka Daniel , Sánchez Diego H. , Botto Javier F.
Published: August 2023

Plants detect competitors in shaded environments by perceiving a reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the reduction between the red and far‐red light (R:FR) ratio and blue photons. These light signals are detected by phytochromes and cryptochromes, which trigger shade avoidance responses such as shoot and petiole elongation and lead to increased susceptibility to pathogen attack. We studied morphological, anatomical, and photosynthesis differences in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum var. Spunta) exposed to sunlight or simulated shade in a greenhouse. We found that simulated shade strongly induced stem and internode elongation with a higher production of free auxin in stems and a lower production of tubers. The mesophyll thickness of the upper leaves of plants grown in simulated shade was lower, but the epidermis was wider compared with the leaves of plants cultivated in sunlight. In addition, the photosynthesis rate was lower in the upper leaves exposed to nonsaturated irradiances and higher in the basal leaves at saturated irradiances compared with control plants. RNA‐seq analysis showed that 146 and 155 genes were up‐ and downregulated by shade, respectively. By quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, we confirmed that FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), WRKY‐like, and PAR1b were induced, while FLAVONOL 4‐SULFOTRANSFERASE was repressed under shade. In shaded plants, leaves and tubers were more susceptible to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea attack. Overall, our work demonstrates configurational changes between growth and defense decisions in potato plants cultivated in simulated shade.
The role of fluvial and tidal currents on coal accumulation in a mixed‐energy deltaic setting: Pinghu Formation, Xihu Depression, East China Sea Shelf Basin
Authors: Shen Wenchao , Shao Longyi , Zhou Qianyu , Liu Jinshui , Eriksson Kenneth A. , Kang Shilong , Steel Ronald J.
Published: August 2023

The Eocene Pinghu Formation in the Xihu Depression of the East China Sea Shelf preserves mixed‐process deltaic deposits and contains a large number of thin coal seams. This study improves the prediction of coal seam occurrences based on facies distribution and stratigraphic architecture models of deltaic deposits, using core and wireline log datasets. Sedimentological analysis reveals four facies associations, which represent delta plain (including distributary channels and interdistributary bays), delta front, prodelta and tidal flat. These facies associations reflect and preserve the interaction of fluvial and marine processes. Delta‐plain and delta‐front deposits record progressively greater tidal influences when traced southward. Well‐log correlations show that coal‐forming mires on the tide‐influenced lower delta plain were relatively favourable for peat accumulation because the stability of the tidal channels led to a stable platform for peat accumulation on the lower delta plain. The temporal and spatial distribution of coal seams is a function of both autogenic and allogenic responses to forcing. Increased probability of frequent changes in subsidence rates and sea‐level in an active tectonic setting and erosion by channels resulted in thin single‐layer coal seams (mostly 0.5 to 1.0 m). Autogenic processes (for example, delta growth and delta lobe switching) played a significant role in the areal distribution, lateral variation in thickness (ranging from 3 to 71 m) and large cumulative thicknesses (up to 71 m) of coal seams. A general vertical decrease in coal seam thickness likely records a cooling palaeoclimate during deposition of the Pinghu Formation. By comparing delta plain processes to favourable environments of peat accumulation in modern systems with favourable mineralogical, chemical and physical conditions, it can be concluded that: (i) relatively few and discontinuous coal seams developed on the tide‐dominated delta plain generated; (ii) laterally discontinuous and ribbon‐shaped coal seams developed in tide‐influenced deltas; whereas (iii) coal seams formed in river‐dominated deltaic environments have better lateral continuity.
The novel HLA‐A*26:236 allele identified by sequence‐based typing
Authors: Lin Chiung‐Ling , Lee Hui‐Lin , Lin Wen‐Shan , Lin Mari , Lee Yann‐Jinn
Published: August 2023

The new allele A*26:236 differs from A*26:01:01:01 at position 340 (G>T) of exon 2.
The novel HLA‐A*02:404 allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Li Jian‐Ping , Zhang Xu , Lin Feng‐Qiu , Li Xiao‐Feng
Published: August 2023

HLA‐A*02:404 differs from HLA‐A*02:06:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 116 in exon 3.
World human neutrophil antigens investigation survey
Authors: Bayat Behnaz , Lowack Jonas , Audrain Marie , Croisille Laure , Curtis Brian , Dangerfield Rebecca , Esmaeili Behnaz , Grabowski Claudia , Keller Margaret , Kim Hyungsuk , Kroll Hartmut , Kvanka Marjeta Macek , Kwok Janette , Moritz Elyse , Nathalang Oytip , Nelson Derrick , Nielsen Kaspar René , Pahn Gail , Poles Anthony , Porcelijn Leendert , Sachs Ulrich J. , Schönbacher Marlies , Körmöczi Günther F. , Kupatawintu Pawinee , Takahashi Daisuke , Uhrynowska Malgorzata , Flesch Brigitte , Fung Yoke‐Lin
Published: August 2023

Background and Objectives

Human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) are categorized into five systems: HNA‐1 to HNA‐5. Given the importance of neutrophils in immunity, we sought to create awareness of the role of HNA diagnostic services in managing immune neutropenia and transfusion‐related acute lung injury. To provide health communities all around the world with access to these services, we conducted a survey to create a directory of these HNA diagnostic services.

Materials and Methods

An Excel table‐based survey was created to capture information on the laboratory's location and was emailed to 55 individuals with known or possible HNA investigation activity. The collected data were then summarized and analysed.

Results

Of contacted laboratories, the surveys were returned from 23 (38.2%) laboratories; 17 have already established HNA diagnostic (of them 12 were regular participants of the International Granulocyte Immunobiology Workshop [ISBT‐IGIW]), 4 laboratories were in the process of establishing their HNA investigation and the remaining 2 responder laboratories, did not conduct HNA investigations. In established laboratories, investigation for autoimmune neutropenia (infancies and adults) was the most frequently requested, and antibodies against HNA‐1a and HNA‐1b were the most commonly detected.

Conclusion

The directory of survey respondents provides a resource for health professionals wanting to access HNA diagnostic services. The present study offers a comprehensive picture of HNA diagnostics (typing and serology), identifying weak points and areas for improvement for the first time. Identifying more laboratories involved in HNA diagnostics with limited access to international societies in the field will globally improve HNA diagnostics.
Recurrence Network-Based 3D Geometry Representation Learning for Quality Control in Additive Manufacturing of Metamaterials
Authors: Yang Yujing , Kan Chen
Published: August 2023

Metamaterials are designed with intricate geometries to deliver unique properties, and recent years have witnessed an upsurge in leveraging additive manufacturing (AM) to produce metamaterials. However, the frequent occurrence of geometric defects in AM poses a critical obstacle to realizing the desired properties of fabricated metamaterials. Advances in three-dimensional (3D) scanning technologies enable the capture of fine-grained 3D geometric patterns, thereby providing a great opportunity for detecting geometric defects in fabricated metamaterials for property-oriented quality assurance. Realizing the full potential of 3D scanning-based quality control hinges largely on devising effective approaches to process scanned point clouds and extract geometric-pertinent information. In this study, a novel framework is developed to integrate recurrence network-based 3D geometry profiling with deep one-class learning for geometric defect detection in AM of metamaterials. First, we extend existing recurrence network models that focus on image data to represent 3D point clouds, by designing a new mechanism that characterizes points’ geometric pattern affinities and spatial proximities. Then, a one-class graph neural network (GNN) approach is tailored to uncover topological variations of the recurrence network and detect anomalies associated with geometric defects in the fabricated metamaterial. The developed methodology is evaluated through comprehensive simulated and real-world case studies. Experimental results have highlighted the efficacy of the developed methodology in identifying both global and local geometric defects in AM-fabricated metamaterials.
Simulating the Adoption and Social Impact of Improved Cookstoves in Uganda Using Agent-Based Modeling and Neural Networks
Authors: Mabey Christopher S. , Peiffer Erin E. , MacCarty Nordica , Mattson Christopher A.
Published: August 2023

This paper presents a methodology for predicting a product’s adoption and social impact using agent-based modeling (ABM) and neural networks to aid in decision-making related to the design and implementation of the product in a sociotechnical system. The collection of primary data on the social impact of a product is also outlined. Although this paper illustrates the method for improved cookstoves in Uganda, the general method can be applied to a wide range of contexts. A field study was carried out in Uganda, consisting of two phases of data collection. The data from the field work were used to train a neural network to predict if an individual would adopt an improved cookstove. Data collected from surveys and the trained adoption model were used to create an ABM to estimate adoption rates and social impacts experienced by households that had adopted technology and to assess social impact indicators. The contributions of this article are a method for collecting primary social impact data on a product and how to integrate those data into a predictive agent-based social impact model. This methodology also enables the examination of leverage points in the sociotechnical system to improve the social impact of a product as it is implemented in society.
Core-level spectra of metallic lanthanides: Dysprosium (Dy)
Authors: Morgan David J.
Published: August 2023

The core-level spectra for the lanthanide metal, dysprosium, are presented. The spectra exhibit significant multiplet splitting, which must be included for accurate quantification of the metallic state. Within the paper, modified relative sensitivity factors are presented for some regions, together with recommended backgrounds integration limits and types.
Concussion Incidence and Recovery of Neurocognitive Dysfunction Among Youth Athletes Taking Antibiotics: A Preliminary, Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Asghar Nek , Ali Muhammad , Hannah Theodore , Li Adam Y. , Asfaw Zerubabbel , Hrabarchuk Eugene I. , Quinones Addison , McCarthy Lily , Vasan Vikram , Murtaza-Ali Muhammad , Lin Anthony , Alasadi Husni , Nakadar Zaid , Schupper Alexander J. , Gometz Alex , Lovell Mark R. , Choudhri Tanvir F.
Published: August 2023

Concussions are the leading cause of injury among youth athletes, and antibiotics are the most prescribed pediatric medication in the United States. Antibiotics have shown to exert neuroprotective effects in animal models of traumatic brain injury, but to date, no human studies exist. Between 2009 and 2019, 6,343 adolescent athletes with differential antibiotic use at baseline were administered Immediate Post-concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing at baseline and twice postinjury. Chronic antibiotic use was associated with a reduced risk for concussion (odds ratio 0.54), increased postconcussive symptomology and neurocognitive burden, and improved recovery by follow-up, a median of 7 days after concussion. This preliminary retrospective analysis suggests antibiotic use may impart neuroprotection up to a certain severity threshold, leading to fewer, yet more severe concussions that tend to recover faster.
The far-reaching effects of genetic process in a keystone predator species, grey wolves
Authors: Hoy Sarah R. , Hedrick Philip W. , Peterson Rolf O. , Vucetich Leah M. , Brzeski Kristin E. , Vucetich John A.
Published: August 2023

Although detrimental genetic processes are known to adversely affect the viability of populations, little is known about how detrimental genetic processes in a keystone species can affect the functioning of ecosystems. Here, we assessed how changes in the genetic characteristics of a keystone predator, grey wolves, affected the ecosystem of Isle Royale National Park over two decades. Changes in the genetic characteristic of the wolf population associated with a genetic rescue event, followed by high levels of inbreeding, led to a rise and then fall in predation rates on moose, the primary prey of wolves and dominant mammalian herbivore in this system. Those changes in predation rate led to large fluctuations in moose abundance, which in turn affected browse rates on balsam fir, the dominant forage for moose during winter and an important boreal forest species. Thus, forest dynamics can be traced back to changes in the genetic characteristics of a predator population.
Bacterial multispecies interaction mechanisms dictate biogeographic arrangement between the oral commensals
Corynebacterium matruchotii
and
Streptococcus mitis
Authors: Almeida Eric , Puri Surendra , Labossiere Alex , Elangovan Subashini , Kim Jiyeon , Ramsey Matthew
Published: August 2023

Polymicrobial biofilms are present in many environments particularly in the human oral cavity where they can prevent or facilitate the onset of disease. While recent advances have provided a clear picture of both the constituents and their biogeographic arrangement, it is still unclear what mechanisms of interaction occur between individual species in close proximity within these communities. In this study, we investigated two mechanisms of interaction between the highly abundant supragingival plaque (SUPP) commensal
Corynebacterium matruchotii
and
Streptococcus mitis
which are directly adjacent/attached
in vivo
. We discovered that
C. matruchotii
enhanced the fitness of streptococci dependent on its ability to detoxify streptococcal-produced hydrogen peroxide and its ability to oxidize lactate also produced by streptococci. We demonstrate that the fitness of adjacent streptococci was linked to that of
C. matruchotii
and that these mechanisms support the previously described “corncob” arrangement between these species but that this is favorable only in aerobic conditions. Furthermore, we utilized scanning electrochemical microscopy to quantify lactate production and consumption between individual bacterial cells for the first time, revealing that lactate oxidation provides a fitness benefit to
S. mitis
not due to pH mitigation. This study describes mechanistic interactions between two highly abundant human commensals that can explain their observed
in vivo
spatial arrangements and suggest a way by which they may help preserve a healthy oral bacterial community.

IMPORTANCE

As the microbiome era matures, the need for mechanistic interaction data between species is crucial to understand how stable microbiomes are preserved, especially in healthy conditions where the microbiota could help resist opportunistic or exogenous pathogens. Here we reveal multiple mechanisms of interaction between two commensals that dictate their biogeographic relationship to each other in previously described structures in human supragingival plaque. Using a novel variation for chemical detection, we observed metabolite exchange between individual bacterial cells in real time validating the ability of these organisms to carry out metabolic crossfeeding at distal and temporal scales observed
in vivo
. These findings reveal one way by which these interactions are both favorable to the interacting commensals and potentially the host.