bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ventilatory Responsiveness during Exercise and Performance Impairment in Acute Hypoxia
Authors: Constantini Keren , Bouillet Anna C. , Wiggins Chad C. , Martin Bruce J. , Chapman Robert F.
Published: July 2020

Introduction

An adequate increase in minute ventilation to defend arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO2) during hypoxic exercise is commonly viewed as an important factor contributing to large inter-individual variations in the degree of exercise performance impairment in hypoxia. Although the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) could provide insight into the underpinnings of such impairments, it is typically measured at rest under isocapnic conditions. Thus, we aimed to determine whether 1) HVR at rest and during exercise are similar and 2) exercise HVR is related to the degree of impairment in cycling time trial (TT) performance from normoxia to acute hypoxia (∆TT).

Methods

Sixteen endurance-trained men (V˙O2peak, 62.5 ± 5.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) performed two poikilocapnic HVR tests: one during seated rest (HVRREST) and another during submaximal cycling (HVREX). On two separate visits, subjects (n = 12) performed a 10-km cycling TT while breathing either room air (FiO2 = 0.21) or hypoxic gas mixture (FiO2 = 0.16) in a randomized order.

Results

HVREX was significantly (P < 0.001) greater than HVRREST (1.52 ± 0.47 and 0.22 ± 0.13 L·min−1·%SpO2
−1, respectively), and these measures were not correlated (r = −0.16, P = 0.57). ∆TT was not correlated with HVRREST (P = 0.70) or HVREX (P = 0.54), but differences in ventilation and end-tidal CO2 between hypoxic and normoxic TT and the ventilatory equivalent for CO2 during normoxic TT explained ~85% of the variance in performance impairment in acute hypoxia (P < 0.01).

Conclusion

We conclude that 1) HVR is not an appropriate measure to predict the exercise ventilatory response or performance impairments in acute hypoxia and 2) an adequate and metabolically matched increase in exercise ventilation, but not the gain in the ventilatory response to hypoxia, is essential for mitigating hypoxia-induced impairments in endurance cycling performance.
Supplementary Energy Increases Bone Formation during Arduous Military Training
Authors: O’LEARY THOMAS J. , WALSH NEIL P. , CASEY ANNA , IZARD RACHEL M. , TANG JONATHAN C. Y. , FRASER WILLIAM D. , GREEVES JULIE P.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementary energy on bone formation and resorption during arduous military training in energy deficit.

Methods

Thirty male soldiers completed an 8-wk military combat course (mean ± SD, age = 25 ± 3 yr, height = 1.78 ± 0.05 m, body mass = 80.9 ± 7.7 kg). Participants received either the habitual diet (control group, n = 15) or an additional 5.1 MJ·d−1 to eliminate the energy deficit (supplemented group, n = 15). Circulating markers of bone formation and resorption, and reproductive, thyroid, and metabolic status, were measured at baseline and weeks 6 and 8 of training.

Results

Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase decreased in controls (−4.4 ± 1.9 μg·L−1) and increased in the supplemented group (16.0 ± 6.6 μg·L−1), between baseline and week 8 (P < 0.001). Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide increased between baseline and week 6 for both groups (5.6 ± 8.1 μg·L−1, P = 0.005). Beta carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen decreased between baseline and week 8 for both groups (−0.16 ± 0.20 μg·L−1, P < 0.001). Prolactin increased from baseline to week 8 for the supplemented group (148 ± 151 IU·L−1, P = 0.041). The increase in adiponectin from baseline to week 8 was higher in controls (4.3 ± 1.8 mg·L−1, P < 0.001) than that in the supplemented group (1.4 ± 1.0 mg·L−1, P < 0.001). Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 was lower at week 8 than baseline for controls (−461 ± 395 ng·mL−1, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The increase in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, a marker of bone formation, with supplementation supports a role of energy in osteoblastic activity; the implications for skeletal adaptation and stress fracture risk are unclear. The mechanism is likely through protecting markers of metabolic, but not reproductive or thyroid, function.
Development and validation of the English version of the Moral Growth Mindset measure
Authors: Han Hyemin , Dawson Kelsie J. , Choi YeEun Rachel , Choi Youn-Jeng , Glenn Andrea L.
Published: July 2020

Background: Moral Growth Mindset (MGM) is a belief about whether one can become a morally better person through efforts. Prior research showed that MGM is positively associated with promotion of moral motivation among adolescents and young adults. We developed and tested the English version of the MGM measure in this study with data collected from college student participants.

Methods: In Study 1, we tested the reliability and validity of the MGM measure with two-wave data (N = 212, Age mean = 24.18 years, SD = 7.82 years). In Study 2, we retested the construct validity of the MGM measure once again and its association with other moral and positive psychological indicators to test its convergent and discriminant validity (N = 275, Age mean = 22.02 years, SD = 6.34 years).

Results: We found that the MGM measure was reliable and valid from Study 1. In Study 2, the results indicated that the MGM was well correlated with other moral and positive psychological indicators as expected.

Conclusions: We developed and validated the English version of the MGM measure in the present study. The results from studies 1 and 2 supported the reliability and validity of the MGM measure. Given this, we found that the English version of the MGM measure can measure one’s MGM as we intended.
The complete genome sequence of Stevia rebaudiana, the Sweetleaf
Authors: O'Neill Kathleen , Pirro Stacy
Published: July 2020

The Sweetleaf (Stevia rebaudiana: Asteraceae) is widely grown for use as a sweetener.  We present the whole genome sequence and annotation of this species.  A total of 146,838,888 paired-end reads consisting of 22.2G bases were obtained by sequencing one leaf from a commercially grown seedling.  The reads were assembled by a de-novo method followed by alignment to related species.   Annotation was performed via GenMark-ES. The raw and assembled data is publicly available via GenBank: Sequence Read Archive (SRR6792730) and Assembly (GCA_009936405).
On the issue of genre diversity of corporate media discourse
Authors: Gvozdannaya N.
Published: July 2020

The choice of the genre palette of a corporate magazine directly depends on the goals and functions of this publication. Corporate magazine functions are implemented be means of a specific communication strategy. The article deals with the question what genres are used in a corporate magazine for personnel to perform its main functions.
Lossless reshaping of structured light
Authors: Scholes Stirling , Rodríguez-Fajardo Valeria , Forbes Andrew
Published: July 2020

Structured light concerns the control of light in its spatial degrees of freedom (amplitude, phase, and polarization), and has proven instrumental in many applications. The creation of structured light usually involves the conversion of a Gaussian mode to a desired structure in a single step, while the detection is often the reverse process, both fundamentally lossy or imperfect. Here we show how to ideally reshape structured light in a lossless manner in a simple two-step process using conformal mapping. We outline the core theoretical arguments, and experimentally demonstrate reshaping of arbitrary structured light patterns with correlations in excess of 90%. Further, we highlight when the technique is applicable and when not, and how best to implement it. This work will be a useful addition to the structured light toolkit, and particularly relevant to those wishing to use the spatial modes of light as a basis in classical and quantum communication.
Two domain decomposition methods, SDIM and CBFM, for scattering from a two-dimensional perfectly conducting rough surface: comparison and parametric study
Authors: Bourlier Christophe , Arencibia Noa Y. , Kubické Gildas , Bellez S.
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the two domain decomposition methods, the subdomain decomposition iterative method (SDIM) and the characteristics basis function method (CBFM), combined with adaptive cross approximation (ACA) to compute the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) from a perfectly conducting two-dimensional (2D) randomly rough surface. The 3D electromagnetic problem is solved from the electric field integral equation discretized by the Galerkin method of moments with the Rao–Wilton–Glisson basis functions. In addition, a parametric study versus the number of blocks, the number of overlapping edges, the thresholds of recompressed ACA (RACA; ACA combined with two QR decompositions and truncated by a SVD procedure, also named ACA-SVD or ACA-TSVD), and the parameters inherent to the CBFM is investigated. The complexity of the two methods is also addressed.
Laser-induced damage threshold of the nonlinear crystals BaGa4Se7 and BaGa2GeSe6 at 2091  nm in the nanosecond regime
Authors: Kostyukova Nadezhda Yu. , Boyko Andrey A. , Eranov Ilya D. , Antipov Oleg L. , Kolker Dmitry B. , Kostyukov Anton I. , Erushin Evgenii Yu. , Miroshnichenko Ilya B. , Badikov Dmitrii V. , Badikov Valeriy V.
Published: July 2020

The surface laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of

B
a
G
a

4

S
e

7

and

B
a
G
a

2

G
e
S
e

6

nonlinear crystals was studied at 2091 nm. Both yellow and dark yellow phases of

B
a
G
a

4

S
e

7

were investigated. The Ho:YAG laser generating nanosecond pulses at 2 kHz, 5 kHz, and 10 kHz was used as a radiation source. The R-on-1 procedure was applied to determine the 0% probability damage threshold. The LIDT of the dark yellow phase of

B
a
G
a

4

S
e

7

without cleavage planes is very close to the

B
a
G
a

2

G
e
S
e

6

LIDT and exceeds by ca. 30% the LIDT of the yellow phase of

B
a
G
a

4

S
e

7

at 2 and 5 kHz.
Classification of cell morphology with quantitative phase microscopy and machine learning
Authors: Li Ying , Di Jianglei , Wang Kaiqiang , Wang Sufang , Zhao Jianlin
Published: July 2020

We describe and compare two machine learning approaches for cell classification based on label-free quantitative phase imaging with transport of intensity equation methods. In one approach, we design a multilevel integrated machine learning classifier including various individual models such as artificial neural network, extreme learning machine and generalized logistic regression. In another approach, we apply a pretrained convolutional neural network using transfer learning for the classification. As a validation, we show the performances of both approaches on classification between macrophages cultured in normal gravity and microgravity with quantitative phase imaging. The multilevel integrated classifier achieves average accuracy 93.1%, which is comparable to the average accuracy 93.5% obtained by convolutional neural network. The presented quantitative phase imaging system with two classification approaches could be helpful to biomedical scientists for easy and accurate cell analysis.
Characteristics of silicon nanowire solar cells with a crescent nanohole
Authors: Khaled Awad , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O. , Rahman B. M. A. , Grattan K. T. V. , Obayya S. S. A. , Hussein Mohamed
Published: July 2020

In recent years, newly emerging photovoltaic (PV) devices based on silicon nanowire solar cells (SiNW-SCs) have attracted considerable research attention. This is due to their efficient light-trapping capability and large carrier transportation and collection with compact size. However, there is a strong desire to find effective strategies to provide high and wideband optical absorption. In this paper, a modified circular nanowire (NW) with a nanocrescent hole is newly introduced and analyzed for solar cell applications. The crescent hole can strongly improve the light absorption through the NW due to the excitation of numbers of modes that can be coupled with the incident light. The material index, volume, and position of the nanohole are studied to significantly increase the optical absorption efficiency and hence the power conversion efficiency (PCE). The absorption performance can be further preserved by using a silicon substrate due to the coupling between the supported modes by the NW, and that of the substrate. The optical and electrical characteristics of the suggested design are investigated using finite difference time domain and finite element methods via Lumerical software packages. The reported asymmetric design offers higher optical and electrical efficiencies compared to the conventional NW counterpart. The proposed NW offers a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 33.85 (34.35) mA/cm2 and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.78 (17.05) % with an enhancement of 16.3 (16.8) % and 17.3 (18.4) % for transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) polarizations, respectively, compared to the conventional cylindrical counterpart.
Grating lobe suppression in metasurface antenna arrays with a waveguide feed layer
Authors: Boyarsky Michael , Imani Mohammadreza F. , Smith David R.
Published: July 2020

Metasurface antennas offer an alternative architecture to electrically large beamsteering arrays often used in radar and communications. The advantages offered by metasurfaces are enabled by the use of passive, tunable radiating elements. While these metamaterial elements do not exhibit the full range of phase tuning as can be obtained with phase shifters, they can be engineered to provide a similar level of performance with much lower power requirements and circuit complexity. Due to the limited phase and magnitude control, however, larger metasurface apertures can be susceptible to strong grating lobes which result from an unwanted periodic magnitude response that accompanies an ideal phase pattern. In this work, we combine antenna theory with analytical modeling of metamaterial elements to mathematically reveal the source of such grating lobes. To circumvent this problem, we introduce a compensatory waveguide feed layer designed to suppress grating lobes in metasurface antenna arrays. The waveguide feed layer helps metasurface antennas approach the performance of phased arrays from an improved hardware platform, poising metasurface antennas to impact a variety of beamforming applications.
Evaluation of high-stability optical beats in laser chaos by plasmonic photomixing
Authors: Kuwashima Fumiyoshi , Jarrahi Mona , Cakmakyapan Semih , Morikawa Osamu , Shirao Takuya , Iwao Kazuyuki , Kurihara Kazuyoshi , Kitahara Hideaki , Furuya Takashi , Wada Kenji , Nakajima Makoto , Tani Masahiko
Published: July 2020

The stability of optical beats in a chaotically oscillating laser is compared to that of a free-running continuous-wave laser using a highly efficient plasmonic photomixer. Using a chaotically oscillating laser diode, stable optical beats are observed over an operation current range of 60-90 mA. The optical spectra are stable even with frequent mode hopping. In contrast, optical beats in a free-running continuous-wave laser are not stable compared to those of a chaotically oscillating laser, because of intermittent hopping of the laser modes. The high stability of chaotically oscillating lasers makes these lasers promising candidates for optical pump sources in terahertz time-domain spectroscopy systems.
Magneto-optical Dy2O3 ceramics with optical grade
Authors: Aung Y. L. , Ikesue A. , Yasuhara R. , Iwamoto Y.
Published: July 2020

Optical grade

D
y

2

O

3

ceramics was successfully produced by adding a small amount of

Z
r
O

2

as a sintering aid and hot isostatic pressing treatment at

1500

∘

C

after pre-sintering at

1550

∘

C

. No residual pores, grain boundary phases, or second phases were detected inside the transparent ceramics. Since birefringence was not observed under the polarizer, the produced

D
y

2

O

3

ceramics is an optically isotropic body. There was almost no beam distortion during the laser irradiation test, and the optical loss was extremely small (

<

0.1

%

/

c
m

). The Verdet constant was

422

r
a
d

T

−
1

m

−
1

at a wavelength of 633 nm, and the extinction ratio was 34 dB.
Optoretinogram: optical measurement of human cone and rod photoreceptor responses to light
Authors: Azimipour Mehdi , Valente Denise , Vienola Kari V. , Werner John S. , Zawadzki Robert J. , Jonnal Ravi S.
Published: July 2020

Noninvasive, objective measurement of rod function is as significant as that of cone function, and for retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, rod function may be a more sensitive biomarker of disease progression and efficacy of treatment than cone function. Functional imaging of single human rod photoreceptors, however, has proven difficult because their small size and rapid functional response pose challenges for the resolution and speed of the imaging system. Here, we describe light-evoked, functional responses of human rods and cones, measured noninvasively using a synchronized adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning light ophthalmoscopy (SLO) system. The higher lateral resolution of the SLO images made it possible to confirm the identity of rods in the corresponding OCT volumes.
Exact frequency and phase control of a terahertz laser
Authors: Mohandas Reshma A. , Ponnampalam Lalitha , Li Lianhe , Dean Paul , Seeds Alwyn J. , Linfield Edmund H. , Giles Davies A. , Freeman Joshua R.
Published: July 2020

The accuracy of high-resolution spectroscopy depends critically on the stability, frequency control, and traceability available from laser sources. In this work, we report exact tunable frequency synthesis and phase control of a terahertz laser. The terahertz laser is locked by a terahertz injection phase lock loop for the first time, with the terahertz signal generated by heterodyning selected lines from an all-fiber infrared frequency comb generator in an ultrafast photodetector. The comb line frequency separation is exactly determined by a Global Positioning System-locked microwave frequency synthesizer, providing traceability of the terahertz laser frequency to primary standards. The locking technique reduced the heterodyne linewidth of the terahertz laser to a measurement instrument-limited linewidth of

<

1

H
z

, robust against short- and long-term environmental fluctuations. The terahertz laser frequency can be tuned in increments determined only by the microwave synthesizer resolution, and the phase of the laser, relative to the reference, is independently and precisely controlled within a range

±

0.3

π

. These findings are expected to enable applications in phase-resolved high-precision terahertz gas spectroscopy and radiometry.
Fourier optical preprocessing in lieu of deep learning
Authors: Muminov Baurzhan , Vuong Luat T.
Published: July 2020

Deep learning convolutional neural networks generally involve multiple-layer, forward-backward propagation machine-learning algorithms that are computationally costly. In this work, we demonstrate an alternative scheme to convolutional neural nets that reconstructs an original image from its optically preprocessed, Fourier-encoded pattern. The scheme is much less computationally demanding and more noise robust, and thus suited for high-speed and low-light imaging. We introduce a vortex phase transform with a lenslet-array to accompany shallow, dense, “small-brain” neural networks. Our single-shot coded-aperture approach exploits the coherent diffraction, compact representation, and edge enhancement of Fourier-transformed spiral phase gradients. With vortex encoding, a small brain is trained to deconvolve images at rates 5–20 times faster than those achieved with random encoding schemes, where greater advantages are gained in the presence of noise. Once trained, the small brain reconstructs an object from intensity-only data, solving an inverse mapping without performing iterations on each image and without deep learning schemes. With vortex Fourier encoding, we reconstruct MNIST Fashion objects illuminated with low-light flux (

5

nJ

/

cm
2

) at a rate of several thousand frames per second on a 15 W central processing unit. We demonstrate that Fourier optical preprocessing with vortex encoders achieves similar accuracies and speeds 2 orders of magnitude faster than convolutional neural networks.
Queer(ing) tailoring: Walter Van Beirendonck and the glorious bastardization of the suit
Authors: Brajato Nicola
Published: July 2020

Belgian designer Walter Van Beirendonck is internationally known for his original and critical approach to menswear, using fashion as an arena to discuss social and political issues. This ‘Antwerp Six’ member, however, still seems to be under-represented in fashion studies scholarship. Therefore, this article aims to offer an investigation of Van Beirendonck’s sartorial practices through an analysis of his queer approach to tailoring. Consequently, the article focuses on the historical and material meanings of the suit in the making of normative and hegemonic masculinity, and how the designer has been capable of opening up a material critical discussion of these meanings through the queering of the suit’s design, surface and styling. Beyond being the first academic investigation on Walter Van Beirendonck’s tailoring, the article aims to contribute to broadening the knowledge on Belgian fashion, particularly the Antwerp fashion scene and its ways of dealing with the concepts of fashion, body and gender identity.
Understanding ugg boots: Travels through place, space and time
Authors: Matthews Rachel
Published: July 2020

Although the origins of ugg boots are distinctly Australian, the ugg story has evolved through a number of different threads that shape our perceptions of the humble sheepskin boot. There is an international media narrative of ugg boots that, although rooted in Australian surf culture, shifts its focus to the world of celebrity culture and more recently, fashion institutions such as Parisian runways. In Australia, the media discourse on the ugg boot follows a very different trajectory; this narrative is concerned with agricultural practices, sporting activities and social etiquette that connect with the Australian landscape and a sense of national identity. This study traces the recent histories of ugg boots to explore the themes and tensions between differing constructions of this object through place, space and time.
Harnessing the antibacterial activity of Quercus infectoria and Phyllanthus emblica against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Enteritidis of poultry origin
Authors: Nair Amruta , Balasaravanan T. , Jadhav Sunil , Mohan Vysakh , Kumar Chethan
Published: July 2020

Background and Aim: In a scenario of the ineffectiveness of the current drugs against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, the herbal extracts can serve as an alternative remedy. This study appraises the antibacterial potency of Quercus infectoria (gall), Phyllanthus emblica (fruit) individually and synergistically against antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Enteritidis in a time and dose-dependent manner. Further, the antibacterial phytocompounds were identified employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Materials and Methods: Preliminary antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was assessed using the agar disk diffusion method. In vitro evaluations of Q. infectoria methanolic extract (QIME) and P. emblica methanolic extract (PEME) against S. Typhi and S. Enteritidis were carried out using plate count method.

Results: QIME and PEME at a dose rate of 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml, respectively, had a complete bactericidal effect on AMR S. Typhi and S. Enteritidis whereas 10 log10 CFU/ml of exponential growth was seen in untreated control groups. At the lower concentrations, QIME and PEME had a significant bacteriostatic effect (3-6 log10 reduction of the test isolates). The synergistic antibacterial effect obtained from the combination of these two plant extracts at 12.5 mg/ml was superior (p<0.001) than the individual treatments. Phytochemical profiling indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids in both the plant extracts. GC-MS analysis of QIME and PEME revealed the presence of 16 and 15 antibacterial phytocompounds, respectively. Further 1, 2, 3 Benzenetriol was found as the prominent active principle.

Conclusion: The findings validate that QIME and PEME are potential antibacterial agents against AMR S. Typhi, S. Enteritidis and can play a promising role in antimicrobial packaging, poultry feed additives and can also serve as a platform for formulating effective phytotherapeutics.
Investigation on Whether the "New Type" Bookstore Model Can Realize the Renaissance of Physical Bookstores
Authors: HUANG Gang
Published: July 2020

Since the economic globalization was proposed in the 1980s, the links between the world have become more and more close, followed by cultural globalization. With the emergence of the digital economy, people's lifestyles have also changed. At the same time, post-modern consumerism centered on aesthetic and symbolic consumption began to emerge. The paper is divided into five parts to explore whether the physical bookstore can achieve revival. The first section includes research on post-modern consumerism to illustrate its core, chaeacteristics and audience. Under the premise of this, do general research has been done on Fangsuo Commune Bookstore as a representative of the "new type" bookstore, and in-depth analysis of Fangsuo Commune in Taikoo Li Chengdu has been made. In the end, based on the comparison between Fangsuo Commune and other physical bookstores, it is possible that the "new type" bookstore model can realize the revival of physical bookstores.
Associations Between Gastric Cancer Risk and Virus Infection Other Than Epstein-Barr Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Xiao-Long , Liu Kai , Bai Dan , Zhang Wei-Han , Chen Xin-Zu , Hu Jian-Kun ,   on behalf of the SIGES research group
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Besides Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus, other viruses might play potential roles in gastric carcinogenesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to compare the prevalence of the viruses between gastric cancer (GC) and any controls.

METHODS:

Comprehensive literature was searched up to January 25, 2019, and search was updated on April 6, 2020. The studies that compared the prevalence of viruses other than Epstein-Barr virus between GC and healthy or nonmalignant controls were eligible. Stata 12.0 software was used for heterogeneity tests and meta-analyses. Meanwhile, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias evaluation were performed where applicable. The power (1–β) was estimated by the PASS 11 software for each individual study.

RESULTS:

A total of 41 eligible studies were included, concerning 11 kinds of viruses. Prevalence were significantly higher in GC for hepatitis B virus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11–1.75), human cytomegalovirus (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.14–4.43), human papillomavirus (HPV) (OR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.05–2.54), and John Cunningham virus (OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.26–5.04). In subgroup analyses, HPV-16 infection was significantly associated with GC (OR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.00–5.83).

DISCUSSION:

This study demonstrated that hepatitis B virus, human cytomegalovirus, HPV, and John Cunningham virus were more prevalent in GC. However, the causal relationship between their infection and risk of GC remains inconclusive, and further investigations are required.
Validation of the Clinical Frailty Scale for the Prediction of Mortality in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Kremer Wolfgang M. , Nagel Michael , Reuter Michael , Hilscher Max , Michel Maurice , Kaps Leonard , Labenz Joachim , Galle Peter R. , Sprinzl Martin F. , Wörns Marcus-Alexander , Labenz Christian
Published: July 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Frailty is a common but often underestimated complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) allows the assessment of frailty within a short period of time but has only been investigated in a Canadian cohort of outpatients. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the ability of the CFS to predict mortality in outpatients and nonelectively hospitalized German patients.

METHODS:

Two hundred outpatients and 99 nonelectively hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis were prospectively enrolled. Outpatients/inpatients were followed for a median of 364/28 days regarding the primary outcome of death or liver transplantation. Eighty-seven patients of the outpatient cohort and 64 patients of the inpatient cohort had available computed tomography-scans for the quantification of muscle mass.

RESULTS:

Median CFS was 3 in the outpatient and the inpatient cohort. Twenty-one (10.5%) outpatients were at least prefrail (CFS > 3) and 26 (26.3%) inpatients were frail (CFS > 4). For every one-unit increase, there was an independent association between the CFS and mortality in the outpatient cohort (hazard ratio 1.534, P = 0.007). This association remained significant after controlling for muscle mass in the subcohort with available computed tomography scans. In the inpatient cohort, frailty (CFS > 4) was an independent predictor for 28-day mortality after controlling for acute-on-chronic liver failure, albumin, and infections (odds ratio 4.627, P = 0.045). However, this association did not reach significance in a subcohort after controlling for muscle mass.

DISCUSSION:

Especially in outpatients, CFS is a useful predictor regarding increased mortality independent of the muscle mass.
Manajemen Keuangan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Perspektif Wealth Management: Studi di TK Ceria Demangan Baru Yogyakarta
Authors: Dilla Raudhah Farah
Published: July 2020

Financial management constitutes a crucial element in the performance of the entire programs and activities within an institution. This research was conducted to study financial management practices in Early Childhood Education institution namely TK Ceria Demanagn Baru Yogyakarta through the perspective of wealth management. This research is a descriptive qualitative in which data were collected through interviews and documentations. The results showed that, 1) TK Ceria Demangan Baru managed its financial resources by setting aside students’ contributions for savings funds. This will be used for purposes outside of planned financial arrangement, 2) analysed through  the perspective of wealth management, the institution’s financial Management is situated in "Sd" (Student Donation) or equivalent to "E" (employees) within the Cashflow Quadrant. The actual financial management is carried out by first, conducting annual financial planning done at the beginning of each year, implementing the financial planning in all the institution’s programs and activities, recording the implementation, reporting the implementation to the foundation board, and evaluating the implementation. In addition, the implementation of the  financial management is carried out by considering the principles of transparency, public accountability, effectiveness and efficiency. Meanwhile, institutional fund obtained merely from students’ contribution reduces the quantity of institutional financial income.
Sozial-ökologische Gestaltung im Anthropozän
Authors: Jahn Thomas , Hummel Diana , Drees Lukas , Liehr Stefan , Lux Alexandra , Mehring Marion , Stieß Immanuel , Völker Carolin , Winker Martina , Zimmermann Martin
Published: July 2020

Sozial-ökologische Transformationen können nur gelingen, wenn wir sie als gemeinsame Gestaltungsaufgabe verstehen. Doch wie kann gemeinsames Handeln gefördert werden, wenn die Vorstellungen von einem ,,guten Leben“ so unterschiedlich sind? Die hier vorgestellten
Gestaltungsprinzipien sollen transdisziplinärer Nachhaltigkeitsforschung Orientierung geben ‐ sie sollen helfen, Antworten auf komplexe Fragen wie die nach einer tragfähigen Wassernutzung oder dem Schutz der Artenvielfalt zu finden.
Challenges and potential improvements of systems analyses for sector coupling
Authors: Droste-Franke Bert
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the challenges of systems analysis for policy advice in the context of sector coupling along the three dimensions of socio-technical problems: control, change, and action. Research shows that the challenges of systems analyses increase significantly when considering sector coupling, both with respect to the choice of areas of investigation and with respect to the basic methods and practices of systems analysis for policy advice. In particular, social aspects and practical expertise need to be considered, results of different studies should ideally be combinable for reflexive meta-analyses, and analyses should focus on key messages.
A Comparison of Bilateral vs. Unilateral-Biased Strength and Power Training Interventions on Measures of Physical Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Stern Darren , Gonzalo-Skok Oliver , Loturco Irineu , Turner Anthony , Bishop Chris
Published: July 2020

Stern, D, Gonzalo-Skok, O, Loturco, I, Turner, A, and Bishop, C. A comparison of bilateral vs. unilateral-biased strength and power training interventions on measures of physical performance in elite youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2105–2111, 2020—The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of bilateral and unilateral-biased strength and power training programs on measures of physical performance in male youth soccer players. Twenty-three elite youth players (age: 17.6 ± 1.2 years) were randomly assigned to either a unilateral (n = 11) or a bilateral (n = 12) group, who completed a strength and power intervention, twice per week for 6 weeks. The unilateral group completed rear foot elevated split squats (RFESS), single-leg countermovement jumps (SLCMJs), single-leg drop jumps (SLDJs), and single-leg broad jumps (SLBJs). The bilateral group intervention performed back squats, CMJs, drop jumps (DJ), and broad jumps (BJ). A 2 × 2 repeated measures analysis of variance showed no between-group differences. However, within-group differences were evident. The bilateral training group showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements in back squat strength (d = 1.27; %Δ = 26.01), RFESS strength (d = 1.64; %Δ = 23.34), BJ (d = 0.76; %Δ = 5.12), 10-m (d = −1.17; %Δ = 4.29), and 30-m (d = −0.88; %Δ = 2.10) performance. The unilateral group showed significant (p < 0.05) improvements in RFESS strength (d = 1.40; %Δ = 33.29), SLCMJ on the left leg (d = 0.76; %Δ = 9.84), SLBJ on the left leg (d = 0.97; %Δ = 6.50), 10 m (d = −1.50; %Δ = 5.20), and 505 on the right leg (d = −0.78; %Δ = 2.80). Standardized mean differences showed that bilateral training favored improvements in back squat strength and unilateral training favored improvements in RFESS strength, SLDJ on the right leg and 505 on the right leg. These results show that although both training interventions demonstrated trivial-to-large improvements in physical performance, the notion of training specificity was evident with unilateral training showing greater improvements in unilateral test measures.
Effectiveness of a Generic vs. Specific Program Training to Prevent the Short-Term Detraining on Repeated-Sprint Ability of Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Rodríguez-Fernández Alejandro , Villa José G. , Sánchez-Sánchez Javier , Rodríguez-Marroyo Jose A.
Published: July 2020

Rodríguez-Fernández, A, Villa, JG, Sánchez-Sánchez, J, and Rodríguez-Marroyo, JA. Effectiveness of a generic vs. specific program training to prevent the short-term detraining on repeated-sprint ability of youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2128–2135, 2020—The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of 2 short-term training programs to prevent the negative effect of detraining on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) performance. The study was performed during a 2-week midseason break without official matches. Forty-five youth soccer players (17.7 ± 0.8 years, 175.4 ± 5.5 cm, and 67.2 ± 5.1 kg) were split into 3 groups during the intervention period: inactivity group (IN; N = 16), generic high-intensity training group (GG; N = 15), and specific training group (SG; N = 14). IN was instructed to avoid performing physical activity during the 2-week training intervention. However, GG and SG performed 8 training sessions. GG performed a generic aerobic interval training consisting of 4 repetitions of 4 minutes of exercise at 90–95% of maximal heart rate. SG performed a specific conditioning through small-sided games (4 vs. 4, 4 × 4-minute) and repeated sprints (6 × 30-m). Testing sessions included an RSA test and a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIR1). Repeated-sprint ability performance only improved after the training intervention in SG (∼2%, p < 0.01,

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= 0.23–0.25). Both GG and IN declined their performance in post-test (∼2%, p < 0.01,

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= 0.19–0.22). No significant effect, group × time, was analyzed for YYIR1 performance. This study suggests that only specific training, based on small-sided games and repeated sprints, leads to short-term improvements on RSA performance in youth soccer players.
Elevating the Noninvolved Limb Reduces Knee Extensor Asymmetry During Squat Exercise in Persons With Reconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Jean Liane M.Y. , Chiu Loren Z.F.
Published: July 2020

Jean, LMY and Chiu, LZF. Elevating the noninvolved limb reduces knee extensor asymmetry during squat exercise in persons with reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2120–2127, 2020—Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–injured individuals use less knee extensor net joint moment (NJM) in the involved vs. noninvolved limb during squat exercises. The objective of this research was to examine if knee extensor NJM symmetry between the involved and noninvolved limbs could be attained with a modified squat. Six individuals with unilateral ACL reconstructed knees performed bilateral squats under normal conditions and with their noninvolved limb elevated on a 5-cm platform. Knee extensor NJM was determined using 3-dimensional motion analysis. Knee extensor NJM was lower in the involved compared with the noninvolved limb (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08–0.28 N·m·kg−1; d = 1.66 SD) during normal squats. Knee extensor NJM was greater in the involved (95% CI, 0.02–0.18 N·m·kg−1; d = 0.57 SD) and lower in the noninvolved (95% CI, −0.25 to −0.07 N·m·kg−1; d = 1.85 SD) limbs in the elevated vs. normal squats. Knee extensor NJM was not different between limbs when the noninvolved limb was elevated (95% CI, −0.26 to 0.11 N·m·kg−1; d = 0.48 SD). Persons with ACL reconstruction exhibit knee extensor asymmetry during bilateral squats. Elevating the noninvolved limb reduces knee extensor NJM asymmetry between the involved and noninvolved limbs during squat exercise.
Is Healthy Neuroticism Associated with Longevity? A Coordinated Integrative Data Analysis
Authors: Turiano Nicholas A. , Graham Eileen K. , Weston Sara J. , Booth Tom , Harrison Fleur , James Bryan D. , Lewis Nathan A. , Makkar Steven R. , Mueller Swantje , Wisniewski Kristi M. , Zhaoyang Ruixue , Spiro Avron , Willis Sherry , Schaie K. Warner , Lipton Richard B. , Katz Mindy , Sliwinski Martin , Deary Ian J. , Zelinski Elizabeth M. , Bennett David A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry , Trollor Julian N. , Ames David , Wright Margaret J. , Gerstorf Denis , Muniz-Terrera Graciela , Piccinin Andrea M. , Hofer Scott M. , Mroczek Daniel K.
Published: July 2020

Individual differences in the Big Five personality traits have emerged as predictors of health and longevity. Although there are robust protective effects for higher levels of conscientiousness, results are mixed for other personality traits. In particular, higher levels of neuroticism have significantly predicted an increased risk of mortality, no-risk at all, and even a reduced risk of dying. The current study hypothesizes that one potential reason for the discrepancy in these findings for neuroticism is that interactions among neuroticism and other key personality traits have largely been ignored. Thus, in the current study we focus on testing whether the personality traits neuroticism and conscientiousness interact to predict mortality. Specifically, we borrow from recent evidence of “healthy neuroticism” to explore whether higher levels of neuroticism are only a risk factor for increased mortality risk when conscientiousness levels are low. We conducted a pre-registered integrative data analysis using 12 different cohort studies (total N = 44,702). Although a consistent pattern emerged of higher levels of conscientiousness predicting a reduced hazard of dying, neuroticism did not show a consistent pattern of prediction. Moreover, no study provided statistical evidence of a neuroticism by conscientiousness interaction. The current findings do not support the idea that the combination of high conscientiousness and high neuroticism can be protective for longevity. Future work is needed to explore different protective factors that may buffer the negative effects of higher levels of neuroticism on health, as well as other behaviors and outcomes that may support the construct of healthy neuroticism.
Fulminant myocarditis: use of echocardiography from diagnosis to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Park Na Hyun , Lashin Hazem , Spiritoso Rosalba
Published: July 2020

Fulminant myocarditis can present with life-threatening arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock due to ventricular failure. The diagnosis of myocarditis usually requires histological and immunological information, as its aetiology may be infectious (viral or non-viral), autoimmune or drug related. The treatment of fulminant myocarditis depends on the underlying cause but usually includes high dose systemic steroids as well as physiological support. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) can be used to support patients as a bridge to recovery by supporting biventricular function and decompressing the heart. V-A ECMO carries risks and complications of its own such as thrombus formation or bleeding. Different diagnostic modalities, such as transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE), are central to the monitoring of progression of disease and recovery of heart function. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and early support with V-A ECMO in fulminant myocarditis, as well as the role of repeated echocardiography when weaning from physiological support.
Prognostic value of resting myocardial contrast echocardiography: a meta-analysis
Authors: Qian Lijun , Xie Feng , Xu Di , Porter Thomas R.
Published: July 2020

Background: Resting myocardial perfusion (MP) and wall motion (WM) imaging during real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) improves the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, its prognostic role in different clinical settings (emergency department and outpatient setting) remains unclear.

Methods: A systematic search in PubMed and Embase databases, and the Cochrane library, was conducted to evaluate the role of resting MP and WM in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (NFMI) and urgent revascularization in patients presenting to either outpatient clinics or emergency departments with suspected symptomatic CAD. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves, sensitivity and specificity plots were applied to assess diagnostic performance using RevMan 5.3.

Results: Seven studies met criteria, including 3668 patients (six with follow up ranging from 2 days to 2.6 years). The Relative Risk (RR) for predicting MACE in patients with both abnormal resting MP and WM was 6.1 (95% CI, 5.1–7.2) and 14.3 (95% CI, 10.3–19.8) for death/NFMI, when compared to normal resting MP and WM patients. Having both abnormal resting MP and WM was also more predictive of MACE (RR, 1.7; 95% CI 1.5–1.9) and death/NFMI (RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.8–2.7) when compared to abnormal WM with normal resting MP.

Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of both ED and outpatient clinic presentations for suspected CAD, having both a resting regional MP and WM abnormality identifies the highest risk patient for adverse events.
Crosstalk between estradiol and NFκB signaling pathways on placental leptin expression
Authors: Schanton Malena , Maymó Julieta , Camisay María Fernanda , Pérez-Pérez Antonio , Casale Roberto , Sánchez-Margalet Víctor , Erlejman Alejandra , Varone Cecilia
Published: July 2020

Pregnancy success requires a proper fetal maternal interaction at the establishment of implantation. Leptin has been described as a multitasking cytokine in pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, where it acts as an autocrine hormone. The expression of leptin in normal trophoblastic cells is regulated by different endogenous signals. We have previously reported that 17β-estradiol upregulates placental leptin expression through genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. To improve the knowledge of estrogen receptor mechanisms in regulating leptin gene expression, we examined transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) effect on estradiol leptin induction in human BeWo cell line and human term placental explants. We demonstrated that estradiol induction effect on leptin expression is blocked by the inhibition of NFκB signaling. We also found that the overexpression of p65 subunit, the active form of NFκB, induces leptin expression. Moreover, downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), through a specific siRNA, abolished NFκB effect on leptin expression. We also demonstrated that ERα enhanced NFκB signaling pathway activation in trophoblastic cells. Estradiol treatment significantly increased p65 expression and phosphorylation of the inhibitory protein κB alpha (IκBα). A reporter plasmid containing NFκB elements was also induced in response to estradiol stimulation. Localization experiments revealed that estradiol treatment induced nuclear localization of overexpressed p65. Moreover, the overexpression of ERα produced a complete displacement of p65 protein to the nucleus. Finally, immunoprecipitation experiments showed the presence of a complex containing ERα and NFκB. All these evidences suggest a cooperative behavior between ERα and NFκB transcription factors to induce leptin transcription.