bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of low temperature on flavonoids, oxygen radical absorbance capacity values and major components of winter sweet spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Authors: Watanabe Mitsuru , Ayugase Jun
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUND

Winter sweet treatment (WST) has been established for cultivating high‐quality leafy vegetables during the winter. Although it is known that chilling stress during cold acclimation induces oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species in plant tissues, knowledge about changes in antioxidant activity and compounds during WST in spinach is superficial. We investigated changes in flavonoids, total ascorbic acid, carotenoids and hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H‐ORAC) along with components in three spinach varieties during low‐temperature treatment by exposure to cold air in winter.

RESULTS

The H‐ORAC values increased substantially together with total flavonoids and total ascorbic acid concentration. In addition, WST increased mono‐ and diglucosylated flavonoid derivatives with an ortho‐dihydroxy (catechol) structure of lower molecular weight in spinach. These results suggest that WST contributes to the prevention of low‐temperature‐induced oxidative damage by increasing the level of antioxidant compounds, thereby improving antioxidant activity. Although sucrose concentrations were increased by WST, nitrate and oxalate concentrations did not increase in any variety.

CONCLUSION

WST can contribute to the increase in antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids and ascorbic acids, antioxidant activity and sucrose without increasing in nitrate and oxalate of spinach. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of the reflected image by the cylindrical concave surface of the mobile display
Authors: Hong Hyungki
Published: September 2014

Reflection from the display surface affects the user's viewing experience. Cylindrical concave displays had been reported to be used for TV and mobile smart phone. The position and magnification of reflection at the curved mobile display were determined by the user's position and the focal distance of the cylindrical concave surface of the curved display. If the focal position of the curved surface was smaller or nearer to the user position, the enlarged reflection of the user would block the lights from the surrounding, and the curved display would be effective to reduce the inconvenience due to reflection. As the curvature of the cylindrical surface was different for the vertical and horizontal directions, the reflected image was not located at one distance. Hence, the refractive power of the eye of the user would be difficult to adjust to the position of the reflected image, and the reflected image would look defocused or hazed even for the display surface of the specular reflection.
Towards a Pan‐European Assessment of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion
Authors: Borrelli Pasquale , Panagos Panos , Ballabio Cristiano , Lugato Emanuale , Weynants Melanie , Montanarella Luca
Published: September 2014

Understanding spatial and temporal patterns in land susceptibility to wind erosion is essential to design effective management strategies to control land degradation. The knowledge about the land surface susceptible to wind erosion in European contexts shows significant gaps. The lack of researches, particularly at the landscape to regional scales, prevents national and European institutions from taking actions aimed at an effective mitigating of land degradation. This study provides a preliminary pan‐European assessment that delineates the spatial patterns of land susceptibility to wind erosion and lays the groundwork for future modelling activities. An Index of Land Susceptibility to Wind Erosion (ILSWE) was created by combining spatiotemporal variations of the most influential wind erosion factors (i.e. climatic erosivity, soil erodibility, vegetation cover and landscape roughness). The sensitivity of each input factor was ranked according to fuzzy logic techniques. State‐of‐the‐art findings within the literature on soil erodibility and land susceptibility were used to evaluate the outcomes of the proposed modelling activity. Results show that the approach is suitable for integrating wind erosion information and environmental factors. Within the 34 European countries under investigation, moderate and high levels of land susceptibility to wind erosion were predicted, ranging from 25·8 to 13·0 M ha, respectively (corresponding to 5·3 and 2·9% of total area). New insights into the geography of wind erosion susceptibility in Europe were obtained and provide a solid basis for further investigations into the spatial variability and susceptibility of land to wind erosion across Europe. © 2014 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality evaluation of LC‐MS/MS‐based E. coli H antigen typing (MS‐H) through label‐free quantitative data analysis in a clinical sample setup
Authors: Cheng Keding , Sloan Angela , McCorrister Stuart , Peterson Lorea , Chui Huixia , Drebot Mike , Nadon Celine , Knox J. David , Wang Gehua
Published: September 2014

Purpose

The need for rapid and accurate H typing is evident during Escherichia coli outbreak situations. This study explores the transition of MS‐H, a method originally developed for rapid H antigen typing of E. coli using LC‐MS/MS of flagella digest of reference strains and some clinical strains, to E. coli isolates in clinical scenario through quantitative analysis and method validation.

Experimental design

Motile and nonmotile strains were examined in batches to simulate clinical sample scenario. Various LC‐MS/MS batch run procedures and MS‐H typing rules were compared and summarized through quantitative analysis of MS‐H data output for a standard method development.

Results

Label‐free quantitative data analysis of MS‐H typing was proven very useful for examining the quality of MS‐H result and the effects of some sample carryovers from motile E. coli isolates. Based on this, a refined procedure and protein identification rule specific for clinical MS‐H typing was established and validated.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

With LC‐MS/MS batch run procedure and database search parameter unique for E. coli MS‐H typing, the standard procedure maintained high accuracy and specificity in clinical situations, and its potential to be used in a clinical setting was clearly established.
Global molecular changes in rat livers treated with RXR agonists: a comparison using transcriptomics and proteomics
Authors: Vedell Peter T. , Townsend Reid R. , You Ming , Malone James P. , Grubbs Clinton J. , Bland Kirby I. , Muccio Donald D. , Atigadda Venkatram R. , Chen Yang , Vignola Katie , Lubet Ronald A.
Published: September 2014

The ability of the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) specific agonists (targretin [TRG] and UAB30) to alter rat liver gene and protein expression was determined using Affymetrix Exon arrays and high‐performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). TRG profoundly increases triglycerides levels while UAB30 does not. The expression patterns of transcripts or proteins from rat liver treated with TRG or UAB‐30 were different from controls and each other. There were six times more gene transcripts identified than proteins. Differentially expressed RNAs or proteins were mapped into known gene ontology (GO) categories and GeneGo Metacore (KEGG) pathway maps. The GO categories which were highly overrepresented with differentially expressed RNAs (P < 10−16) were also overrepresented at the protein level. This high concordance of GO Terms was achieved despite the fact that typically ≤1/3 of the elements identified by gene expression were identified by proteomics. Within these GO categories, the magnitude of alterations induced by RXR agonists at the transcript and protein levels were correlated. When GO categories with moderate overrepresentation (10−5 < P < 10−9) were examined, there was greater discordance between the transcript and protein data. Examination of KEGG pathway maps with highly significant changes at both the protein and the RNA levels showed that the individual proteins/genes altered were often the same and changes were of similar magnitude; while KEGG pathways showed limited statistical significance and exhibited minimal overlap. Finally, metabolomics analysis of liver and serum identified altered expression of metabolites related to fatty acid oxidation and bile acid metabolism that were consistent with transcript/protein changes. We observed significant concordance between genomics and proteomics implying either can identify pathways modulated and can indirectly predict resulting physiologic effects.
Effect of anagrelide on cardiac repolarization in healthy volunteers: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled, thorough QT study
Authors: Troy Steven , Parks Virginia , Purkayastha Jaideep , Gossart Sophie , Goodman Daniel B. , Achenbach Heinrich , Armstrong Martin , Martin Patrick T.
Published: September 2014

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of low and high therapeutic doses of anagrelide (0.5 and 2.5 mg) on cardiac repolarization, measured by the QTcNi (individual correction) and QTcF (Fridericia's correction), compared with placebo and moxifloxacin 400 mg (positive control) in healthy subjects. In this randomized, double‐blind, crossover trial, 60 healthy volunteers were enrolled and randomized. Anagrelide 0.5 and 2.5 mg rapidly increased mean heart rate (HR) by 7.8 and 29.1 bpm respectively. For anagrelide 2.5 mg, the maximum time‐matched change (one‐sided 95% upper confidence bound) in mean QTcNi and QTcF was 13.0 msec (15.7 msec) and 10.0 msec (12.7 msec), respectively, at 1 h post dose. However, time‐matched changes in QTcNi and QTcF quickly decreased to <6 msec by 2 h post dose, despite high stable HR and high plasma concentrations of anagrelide and its active metabolite at these times. For anagrelide 0.5 mg, the maximum time‐matched change in mean QTcNi and QTcF was 7.0 msec (9.8 msec) and 5.0 msec (8.0 msec) respectively. No new safety concerns were reported. The increase in QTc interval met the definition for a positive thorough QT/QTc study only when HR was increasing rapidly, suggesting that the increased QTc may be related to the rapidly increasing HR rather than a direct effect of anagrelide plasma concentrations. However, the direct causal relationship of anagrelide on cardiac repolarization cannot be completely excluded, and caution is advised when treating patients with known risk factors for QT interval prolongation.
European Consumers' Perceptions of Time–Temperature Indicators in Food Packaging
Authors: Pennanen Kyösti , Focas Caralampo , Kumpusalo‐Sanna Vilja , Keskitalo‐Vuokko Kaisu , Matullat Imke , Ellouze Mariem , Pentikäinen Saara , Smolander Maria , Korhonen Virpi , Ollila Margareetta
Published: September 2014

Food quality is an essential aspect of the food industry. Time–temperature indicator (TTI) technology has the capability to provide information on temperature fluctuations that temperature‐sensitive food products have undergone. However, the adoption of the TTI technology in the consumer market has yet to materialize despite the many benefits that TTIs bring to food manufacturers, retailers and consumers. One of the reasons for this could be the general lack of knowledge regarding consumers' perceptions of TTIs. The aim of this study is to understand the consumers' knowledge, interest and perceptions of TTIs. To reach this aim, 16 focus group discussions and a quantitative survey were conducted in four European countries (Finland, Greece, France and Germany) during May–October 2012. Consumers' views on both the TTI technology concept and two commercially available TTI applications were studied. The results of the study show that consumers in all countries appreciate and understand TTI technology and associate differing benefits with it, especially so in warmer countries. On the other hand, the studied applications did not meet all consumers' expectations implying the need for further work to enable TTIs to gain a wider acceptance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The basic science and mathematics of random mutation and natural selection
Authors: Kleinman Alan
Published: September 2014

The mutation and natural selection phenomenon can and often does cause the failure of antimicrobial, herbicidal, pesticide and cancer treatments selection pressures. This phenomenon operates in a mathematically predictable behavior, which when understood leads to approaches to reduce and prevent the failure of the use of these selection pressures. The mathematical behavior of mutation and selection is derived using the principles given by probability theory. The derivation of the equations describing the mutation and selection phenomenon is carried out in the context of an empirical example. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tandem Mass Spectrometric Determination of Glycolipids in Wheat Endosperm: A New Tool for Breeders to Rank and Select Early Seed Generations
Authors: Wetzel David L. , Boatwright Mark D. , Fritz Allan K.
Published: September 2014

Wheat breeding for end‐use quality is enhanced by development and application of a selective and sensitive method for ranking early generation cultivars as part of the effort of generating desirable wheat lipids. A desirable wheat lipid, the increased concentration of which in hard wheat flour correlates positively with bread loaf volume, is digalactosyldiglyceride (DGDG). A mass spectrometric test for DGDG was applied to 100‐mg samples of flour isolated from the F6 generation of hard winter wheats. The test enables prediction of desirable lipids in early generations so that decisions about the F6 progeny improve wheat breeding efficiency. Previous attempts to screen wheat cultivars for desirable glycolipids were constrained by sample size, lipid extraction and purification, and time. Here, we present flour glycolipid data obtained from individual wheat plants grown in short rows in two nurseries. The endosperm (100 mg) representing several kernels was exhaustively extracted with a total lipid solvent. Following isolation of the lipids and addition of an internal standard, the lipids were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry (MS–MS). The concentration of DGDG in the flour from five to seven kernels was found to vary by a factor of two within single nurseries. Thus, early generation lipid screening enables informed selection for this hard wheat quality indicator.
Organisational Capabilities for Customer Participation in Health Care Service Innovation
Authors: Sharma Shikha , Conduit Jodie , Rao Hill Sally
Published: September 2014

Health care customers are demanding a more active role in the provision and development of health care services, a position supported by government health care policy in Australia. However, many health care organisations lack an understanding of the capabilities required to respond to this increased participation from customers. This study applies dynamic capability theory through a lens of co-creation to identify organisational capabilities that support customer participation in health care service innovations. A qualitative approach using convergent interviews with health care CEOs and senior managers was undertaken. As a result, four categories of organisational capabilities were identified: customer activation, organisational activation, interaction capabilities, and learning agility. Despite acknowledging the need for these capabilities, most health care organisations perceived they had not developed the required skills and resources. This study provides an insight into the organisational capabilities managers seek to improve their customer participation in health care service innovation.
Robot‐Assisted Gait Training in a Patient With Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Authors: Seo Han Gil , Oh Byung‐Mo , Kim Keewon
Published: September 2014

Robot‐assisted gait training has been investigated for restoring walking through activity‐dependent neuroplasticity in persons with various neurologic disorders. This case report presents the outcome of robot‐assisted gait training combined with physiotherapy in a 28‐year‐old man with pure hereditary spastic paraplegia. The patient participated in 25 training sessions over 6 weeks. Improvements were noted in his walking speed and balance after the training, but gait kinematics and kinetics showed no remarkable changes before and after the training. Robot‐assisted gait training may be useful for providing intensive gait training in patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia because the patient's walking speed and balance improved after the training.
THE BOND OF EDUCATION: GENDER, THE VALUE OF CHILDREN, AND THE MAKING OF UMLAZI TOWNSHIP IN 1960s SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Hunter Mark
Published: September 2014

‘High apartheid’ in the 1960s was marked by intensified efforts to redraw urban areas along racial lines and quash black South Africans' schooling and employment ambitions. The 1953 Bantu Education Act became infamous for limiting African educational opportunities. Yet this article shows how women in Umlazi Township, outside of Durban, schooled their children – despite and indeed because of apartheid's oppressive educational and urban policies. Drawing on oral histories and archival records, it explores the ‘bond of education’, the gendered material-emotional family connections that enabled schooling and resulted from schooling. In the face of increasingly insecure intimate relations, a booming economy, and expanded basic education, mothers' attention to their children's and grandchildren's education grew in importance and scale: education required sacrifices but promised children's eventual support.
DEVELOPMENT, POLITICS, AND THE CENTRALIZATION OF STATE POWER IN LESOTHO, 1960–75
Authors: Aerni-Flessner John
Published: September 2014

The rhetoric of development served as a language for Sotho politicians from 1960–70 to debate the meanings of political participation. The relative paucity of aid in this period gave outsized importance to small projects run in rural villages, and stood in stark contrast to the period from the mid-1970s onwards when aid became an ‘anti-politics machine’ that worked to undermine national sovereignty. Examination of the democratic period in Lesotho from 1966–70 helps explain the process by which newly independent states gave up some of their recently won sovereignty, and how a turn to authoritarianism helped contribute to this process.
‘A Quilt of Memory’: The Shoah as a Prism in the Testimonies of Survivors of the Dictatorship in Argentina
Authors: Feierstein Liliana Ruth
Published: September 2014

This paper analyses testimonies of survivors of the detention camps operated by the last military dictatorship in Argentina, with special attention to the functions served by the referencing of testimonies of the Shoah (above all in Ese infierno, a collective testimony by five women in dialogue form). The intertextuality herein assumes different functions in the shaping of discourses and representations, whether in the form of a quotation, an epigraph, a metaphor, an endeavour to legitimise what is being said, a comparison, or an effort to incorporate one’s own experience into a narrative of the catastrophe already so well known in human history.
Transnational Memories in Antonio Muñoz Molina’s Sepharad
Authors: Vandebosch Dagmar
Published: September 2014

This article analyses the role of transnational memory in Antonio Muñoz Molina’s novel Sepharad (2001). Because of the way this novel incorporates the memory of European totalitarianism and the Holocaust, it has been considered an example of multidirectional memory. Making use of Rothberg’s ‘map’ of the discursive field of public memory, this analysis shows that the transnationalisation of memory in Sepharad is conditioned, and to a certain extent restrained, by two factors: in the first place, the strong relation with the Spanish context of enunciation and the local debates on memory; and second, the tension between a transnational, ‘multidirectional’ perspective on memory and the desire to narrate universal experiences of victimisation.
Transnational democratization and republican citizenship: Towards critical republicanism
Authors: SLAUGHTER STEVEN
Published: September 2014

Transnational civil society activism has become increasingly prominent in world politics. However, there are significant questions about how these emerging processes of transnational activism can and should interface with existing forms of global and national governance. This essay contends that republicanism can explain how transnational activism can productively relate to global and national governance. Republicanism is able to develop an approach which draws upon both constitutional and discursive aspects of democracy by developing a greater focus on the roles that citizens can play with respect to both formal state institutions and the deliberative practices with respect to transnational activism. This essay develops a position termed critical republicanism which demonstrates that these transnational forms of activism can be best understood as early stages of an incipient process of transnational democratization and that the virtues of citizens need to be rethought so that citizens are concerned about the changing nature of domination at home and abroad, and be willing to engage with transnational sources of information and activism.
Delineating the Influence of Emotion and Reason on Morality and Punishment
Authors: Olatunji Bunmi O. , Puncochar Bieke David
Published: September 2014

The present article examines the available literature on the association between emotion, conscious reasoning, morality, and punishment. Although conscious reasoning has traditionally been implicated in moral judgment, contemporary research suggests that emotions play a primary role in moral judgment. This article reviews the different lines of evidence supporting the role of emotion in moral decision-making. Disgust seems to be unique from other emotions in its ability to influence moral judgment. Immorality often elicits disgust, individuals sensitive to experiencing disgust tend to make more severe moral judgments, and experimental disgust inductions can influence judgments about moral violations. However, the extent to which the emotion-moral judgment association extends to decisions about punishment remains unclear. This review considers various concepts, including moral outrage, responsibility, and blameworthiness that may influence the extent to which emotion informs punishment decisions. The implications of these findings for current thinking on morality and punishment, and future directions for research are discussed.
Van der Waals interactions in the self-assembly of 5-amino[6]helicene on Cu(100) and Au(111)
Authors: Ascolani Hugo , van der Meijden Maarten W. , Cristina Lucila J. , Gayone J. Esteban , Kellogg Richard M. , Fuhr Javier D. , Lingenfelder Magalí
Published: September 2014

No H bonding for the amino group: van der Waals interactions guide the self-assembly of an aminohelicene on Cu(100) and Au(111).
Few-layered graphene-supported palladium as a highly efficient catalyst in oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Truong-Phuoc L. , Pham-Huu C. , Da Costa V. , Janowska I.
Published: September 2014

Prepared by a scalable, low-cost and eco-friendly method, Pd/FLG shows improved ORR performance in alkaline solution with durability and catalytic activity an order of magnitude higher than the state-of the-art Pt/C catalyst.
Vapochromic properties versus metal ion coordination of β-bispyrazolato–copper(ii) coordination polymers: a first-principles investigation
Authors: Casarin Maurizio , Forrer Daniel , Pandolfo Luciano , Pettinari Claudio , Vittadini Andrea
Published: September 2014

Vapochromic properties of Cu(ii) coordination polymers are explained on the basis of first principles calculations.
Structures, photoluminescence and photocatalytic properties of two novel metal–organic frameworks based on tetrazole derivatives
Authors: Zhang Qi , Chen Dong , He Xuan , Huang Shiliang , Huang Jinglun , Zhou Xiaoqing , Yang Zongwei , Li Jinshan , Li Hongzhen , Nie Fude
Published: September 2014

Two novel, efficient metal organic framework photocatalysts based on silver salts and tetrazolate derivatives have been successfully prepared and characterized.
Strain relaxation of the In0.53Ga0.47As epi-layer grown on a Si substrate using molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Gao Fangliang , Wen Lei , Guan Yunfang , Li Jingling , Zhang Xiaona , Jia Miaomiao , Zhang Shuguang , Li Guoqiang
Published: September 2014

The as-grown In0.53Ga0.47As epi-layer grown on Si substrate by using low-temperature In0.4Ga0.6As buffer layer with in-situ annealing is of a high degree of structural perfection.
Current advances in fused tetrathiafulvalene donor–acceptor systems
Authors: Bergkamp Jesse J. , Decurtins Silvio , Liu Shi-Xia
Published: September 2014

Development and applications of tetrathiafulvalene-fused electron donor–acceptor systems will be covered within this tutorial review.
A highly selective turn-on fluorescent sensor for fluoride and its application in imaging of living cells
Authors: Yeh Jiun-Ting , Venkatesan Parthiban , Wu Shu-Pao
Published: September 2014

A highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe (FS) is based on a fluoride-specific desilylation reaction to yield a significant green fluorescence enhancement.
Fe/S-catalyzed decarboxylative redox condensation of arylacetic acids with nitroarenes
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Ermolenko Ludmila , Corbin Mathilde , Al-Mourabit Ali
Published: September 2014

Fe/S clusters generated in situ from simple iron salts and sulfur S8 were found to be highly efficient to catalyze the decarboxylative redox condensation of arylacetic acids with nitroarenes in the presence of N-methylpiperidine as a basic additive.
Chemical looping beyond combustion: production of synthesis gas via chemical looping partial oxidation of methane
Authors: Bhavsar Saurabh , Veser Götz
Published: September 2014

Systematic development of Fe–Ni bimetallic carrier results in efficient and safe chemical looping process for methane partial oxidation to syngas.
Tough strained fibers of a polyelectrolyte complex: pretensioned polymers
Authors: Wang Qifeng , Schlenoff Joseph B.
Published: September 2014

Polyelectrolyte complexes, long considered “unprocessible”, are transformed from brittle to tough by extrusion into highly strained fibers with a salt/temperature equivalence relaxation and efficient shape memory in hot water.
Evidence of a two-step process and pathway dependency in the thermodynamics of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)/poly(sodium acrylate) complexation
Authors: Vitorazi L. , Ould-Moussa N. , Sekar S. , Fresnais J. , Loh W. , Chapel J.-P. , Berret J.-F.
Published: September 2014

Recent studies have pointed out the importance of polyelectrolyte assembly in the elaboration of innovative nanomaterials.
Respiratory rate detection algorithm based on RGB‐D camera: theoretical background and experimental results
Authors: Benetazzo Flavia , Freddi Alessandro , Monteriù Andrea , Longhi Sauro
Published: September 2014

Both the theoretical background and the experimental results of an algorithm developed to perform human respiratory rate measurements without any physical contact are presented. Based on depth image sensing techniques, the respiratory rate is derived by measuring morphological changes of the chest wall. The algorithm identifies the human chest, computes its distance from the camera and compares this value with the instantaneous distance, discerning if it is due to the respiratory act or due to a limited movement of the person being monitored. To experimentally validate the proposed algorithm, the respiratory rate measurements coming from a spirometer were taken as a benchmark and compared with those estimated by the algorithm. Five tests were performed, with five different persons sat in front of the camera. The first test aimed to choose the suitable sampling frequency. The second test was conducted to compare the performances of the proposed system with respect to the gold standard in ideal conditions of light, orientation and clothing. The third, fourth and fifth tests evaluated the algorithm performances under different operating conditions. The experimental results showed that the system can correctly measure the respiratory rate, and it is a viable alternative to monitor the respiratory activity of a person without using invasive sensors.
Isotropic invariants of a completely symmetric third-order tensor
Authors: Olive M. , Auffray N.
Published: September 2014

In both theoretical and applied mechanics, the modeling of nonlinear constitutive relations of materials is a topic of prime importance. To properly formulate consistent constitutive laws some restrictions need to be imposed on tensor functions. To that aim, representations theorems for both isotropic and anisotropic functions have been extensively investigated since the middle of the 20th century. Nevertheless, in three-dimensional physical space, most of the results are restricted to sets of tensors up to second-order. The purpose of the present paper is thus to get one step further and to provide an integrity basis for isotropic polynomial functions of a completely symmetric third-order tensor. We exploit the link between the O(3)-action on harmonic tensors and the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathbb {C})$\end{document} SL (2,C)-action on the space of binary forms to explicitly construct this basis. We believe that such an integrity basis may found interesting applications both in continuum mechanics and in other fields of theoretical physics.
Vapor deposition of water on graphitic surfaces: Formation of amorphous ice, bilayer ice, ice I, and liquid water
Authors: Lupi Laura , Kastelowitz Noah , Molinero Valeria
Published: September 2014

Carbonaceous surfaces are a major source of atmospheric particles and could play an important role in the formation of ice. Here we investigate through molecular simulations the stability, metastability, and molecular pathways of deposition of amorphous ice, bilayer ice, and ice I from water vapor on graphitic and atomless Lennard-Jones surfaces as a function of temperature. We find that bilayer ice is the most stable ice polymorph for small cluster sizes, nevertheless it can grow metastable well above its region of thermodynamic stability. In agreement with experiments, the simulations predict that on increasing temperature the outcome of water deposition is amorphous ice, bilayer ice, ice I, and liquid water. The deposition nucleation of bilayer ice and ice I is preceded by the formation of small liquid clusters, which have two wetting states: bilayer pancake-like (wetting) at small cluster size and droplet-like (non-wetting) at larger cluster size. The wetting state of liquid clusters determines which ice polymorph is nucleated: bilayer ice nucleates from wetting bilayer liquid clusters and ice I from non-wetting liquid clusters. The maximum temperature for nucleation of bilayer ice on flat surfaces, TBmax is given by the maximum temperature for which liquid water clusters reach the equilibrium melting line of bilayer ice as wetting bilayer clusters. Increasing water-surface attraction stabilizes the pancake-like wetting state of liquid clusters leading to larger TBmax for the flat non-hydrogen bonding surfaces of this study. The findings of this study should be of relevance for the understanding of ice formation by deposition mode on carbonaceous atmospheric particles, including soot.
Test of the interaction potential energy for Na+–H2 by gaseous ion transport data
Authors: Viehland Larry A. , Buchachenko Alexei A.
Published: September 2014

Transport properties of Na+ ions in gaseous hydrogen are calculated using the recently developed “beyond Monchick-Mason” (BMM) approximation and an ab initio Na+–H2 potential energy surface. Good agreement with the experimental data on the reduced mobility and longitudinal diffusion coefficient proves the accuracy of the surface and the adequacy of the BMM method, allowing for its optimal parameterization.
Thermomechanical stability and mechanochemical response of DNA: A minimal mesoscale model
Authors: Nisoli Cristiano , Bishop A. R.
Published: September 2014

We show that a mesoscale model, with a minimal number of parameters, can well describe the thermomechanical and mechanochemical behavior of homogeneous DNA at thermal equilibrium under tension and torque. We predict critical temperatures for denaturation under torque and stretch, phase diagrams for stable DNA, probe/response profiles under mechanical loads, and the density of dsDNA as a function of stretch and twist. We compare our predictions with available single molecule manipulation experiments and find strong agreement. In particular we elucidate the difference between angularly constrained and unconstrained overstretching. We propose that the smoothness of the angularly constrained overstretching transition is a consequence of the molecule being in the vicinity of criticality for a broad range of values of applied tension.
Long-range order for the spin-1 Heisenberg model with a small antiferromagnetic interaction
Authors: Lees Benjamin
Published: September 2014

We look at the general SU(2) invariant spin-1 Heisenberg model. This family includes the well-known Heisenberg ferromagnet and antiferromagnet as well as the interesting nematic (biquadratic) and the largely mysterious staggered-nematic interaction. Long range order is proved using the method of reflection positivity and infrared bounds on a purely nematic interaction. This is achieved through the use of a type of matrix representation of the interaction making clear several identities that would not otherwise be noticed. Using the reflection positivity of the antiferromagnetic interaction one can then show that the result is maintained if we also include an antiferromagnetic interaction that is sufficiently small.
A remark on the bound for the free energy of directed polymers in random environment in 1+2 dimension
Authors: Nakashima Makoto
Published: September 2014

We consider the behavior of the quantity p(β); the free energy of directed polymers in random environment in 1 + 2 dimension, where β is inverse temperature. We know that the free energy is strictly negative when β is not zero. In this paper, we will prove that p(β) is bounded from above by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$-\exp \left(-\frac{c_\varepsilon }{\beta ^{2+\varepsilon }}\right)$\end{document}−exp−cɛβ2+ɛ for small β, where cε > 0 is a constant depending on ε > 0. Also, we will suggest a strategy to get a sharper asymptotics. We denote by \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$(\Omega , {\cal F},P )$\end{document}(Ω,F,P) a probability space.
Quantum dynamics of a particle constrained to lie on a surface
Authors: de Oliveira Gustavo
Published: September 2014

We consider the quantum dynamics of a charged particle in Euclidean space subjected to electric and magnetic fields under the presence of a potential that forces the particle to stay close to a compact surface. We prove that, as the strength of this constraining potential tends to infinity, the motion of this particle converges to a motion generated by a Hamiltonian over the surface superimposed by an oscillatory motion in the normal directions. Our result extends previous results by allowing magnetic potentials and more general constraining potentials.
H2—AgCl: A spectroscopic study of a dihydrogen complex
Authors: Grubbs G. S. , Obenchain Daniel A. , Pickett Herbert M. , Novick Stewart E.
Published: September 2014

H2—AgCl has been observed on a Fourier transform microwave spectrometer equipped with laser ablation source and determined to be a dihydrogen complex. Transitions up to J = 3–2 have been measured and analyzed for four isotopologues of the complex containing ortho and para H2. The ortho and para spin states have been included in one fit, a deviation from the typical H2 complex. Rotational constants B and C, centrifugal distortion constants ΔJ and ΔJK, nuclear electric quadrupole coupling constants χaa, χbb, and χcc for 35Cl and 37Cl have been fit for both spin states while nuclear spin-nuclear spin constants Daa, Dbb, and Dcc, and nuclear spin-rotation constant Caa have been reported for the ortho spin state. Quantum chemical calculations predict a strong bonding interaction and the strength of the complex has been related to reported χaa and ΔJ values amongst a host of comparable species, including the AgCl monomer itself. Bond lengths have been determined for Ag—Cl, Ag—H2 center-of-mass, and H—H and are reported.
Temperature dependence of flexoelectric response in ferroelectric and relaxor polymer thin films
Authors: Poddar Shashi , Ducharme Stephen
Published: September 2014

We report the temperature dependence of the flexoelectric response in thin films of both ferroelectric and relaxor forms of vinylidene fluoride polymers. The ferroelectric samples were depoled to minimize piezoelectric response by heating them beyond their Curie temperature and then cooling in zero applied electric field. In both the relaxor ferroelectric polymer and the paraelectric state of the ferroelectric copolymer, the flexoelectric coefficient was proportional to the dielectric constant over a limited range of temperatures, in agreement with general theoretical principles. The enhancements in flexoelectric response were also observed near the Curie transition temperature for the ferroelectric polymer and near the dielectric relaxation temperature for the relaxors. The broad dielectric anomaly in these systems provides greater temperature stability for these enhancements.
Indication of Te segregation in laser-irradiated ZnTe observed by in situ coherent-phonon spectroscopy
Authors: Shimada Toru , Kamaraju N. , Frischkorn Christian , Wolf Martin , Kampfrath Tobias
Published: September 2014

We irradiate a ZnTe single crystal with 10-fs laser pulses at a repetition rate of 80 MHz and investigate its resulting gradual modification by means of coherent-phonon spectroscopy. We observe the emergence of a phonon mode at about 3.6 THz whose amplitude and lifetime grow monotonously with irradiation time. The speed of this process depends sensitively on the pump-pulse duration. Our observations strongly indicate that the emerging phonon mode arises from a Te phase induced by multiphoton absorption of incident laser pulses. A potential application of our findings is laser-machining of microstructures in the bulk of a ZnTe crystal, a highly relevant electrooptic material.
Formation kinetics of trivacancy-oxygen pairs in silicon
Authors: Ganagona N. , Vines L. , Monakhov E. V. , Svensson B. G.
Published: September 2014

The formation of donor and acceptor states of the trivacancy-oxygen (V3O) complex in p- and n-type silicon, respectively, has been studied in detail by means of deep level transient spectroscopy. The samples were irradiated with 1.8 MeV protons, and it was found that acceptor and donor states of V3 disappear at annealing temperatures below 200 °C, with a transition from the metastable (110) planar configuration to the stable fourfold coordinated configuration. Annealing above 200 °C unveils the formation of two levels with energy positions at Ec − 0.34 eV and Ec − 0.46 eV in n-type samples and two levels at Ev + 0.24 eV and Ev + 0.11 eV in p-type samples. (Ec and Ev denote the conduction and valence band edge, respectively.) The amplitudes of these levels show an almost one-to-one correlation with those of the V3-related levels occurring after irradiation. In accordance with recent reports in the literature, the emerging levels are ascribed to the V3O complex; single and double negative charge states in n-type samples and single and double positive charge states in p-type samples. By undertaking isothermal formation of the V3O complex in p-type samples which exhibits first-order kinetics, the diffusivity of V3 in the neutral charge state is determined to be (8.5 ± 3.5) × 10−2 exp [−(1.50 ± 0.04) eV/kT] cm2/s.
Band gap and electronic structure of MgSiN2
Authors: Quirk J. B. , Råsander M. , McGilvery C. M. , Palgrave R. , Moram M. A.
Published: September 2014

Density functional theory calculations and electron energy loss spectroscopy indicate that the electronic structure of ordered orthorhombic MgSiN2 is similar to that of wurtzite AlN. A band gap of 5.7 eV was calculated for both MgSiN2 (indirect) and AlN (direct) using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof approximation. Correction with respect to the experimental room-temperature band gap of AlN indicates that the true band gap of MgSiN2 is 6.2 eV. MgSiN2 has an additional direct gap of 6.3 eV at the Γ point.
Differential ultrafast all-optical switching of the resonances of a micropillar cavity
Authors: Thyrrestrup Henri , Yüce Emre , Ctistis Georgios , Claudon Julien , Vos Willem L. , Gérard Jean-Michel
Published: September 2014

We perform frequency- and time-resolved all-optical switching of a GaAs-AlAs micropillar cavity using an ultrafast pump-probe setup. The switching is achieved by two-photon excitation of free carriers. We track the cavity resonances in time with a high frequency resolution. The pillar modes exhibit simultaneous frequency shifts, albeit with markedly different maximum switching amplitudes and relaxation dynamics. These differences stem from the non-uniformity of the free carrier density in the micropillar, and are well understood by taking into account the spatial distribution of injected free carriers, their spatial diffusion and surface recombination at micropillar sidewalls.
Properties of water surface discharge at different pulse repetition rates
Authors: Ruma  , Hosseini S. H. R. , Yoshihara K. , Akiyama M. , Sakugawa T. , Lukeš P. , Akiyama H.
Published: September 2014

The properties of water surface discharge plasma for variety of pulse repetition rates are investigated. A magnetic pulse compression (MPC) pulsed power modulator able to deliver pulse repetition rates up to 1000 Hz, with 0.5 J per pulse energy output at 25 kV, was used as the pulsed power source. Positive pulse with a point-to-plane electrode configuration was used for the experiments. The concentration and production yield of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were quantitatively measured and orange II organic dye was treated, to evaluate the chemical properties of the discharge reactor. Experimental results show that the physical and chemical properties of water surface discharge are not influenced by pulse repetition rate, very different from those observed for under water discharge. The production yield of H2O2 and degradation rate per pulse of the dye did not significantly vary at different pulse repetition rates under a constant discharge mode on water surface. In addition, the solution temperature, pH, and conductivity for both water surface and underwater discharge reactors were measured to compare their plasma properties for different pulse repetition rates. The results confirm that surface discharge can be employed at high pulse repetition rates as a reliable and advantageous method for industrial and environmental decontamination applications.
Acoustic Fresnel lenses with extraordinary transmission
Authors: Molerón Miguel , Serra-Garcia Marc , Daraio Chiara
Published: September 2014

We investigate numerically and experimentally highly efficient acoustic lenses based on the principle of extraordinary acoustic transmission. We study circular, flat lenses composed of perforated air channels. The geometry is similar to binary Fresnel lenses, and the lenses exploit several resonance mechanisms to enhance the transmission, such as Fabry–Perot resonances in the channels and cavity resonances on the lens surface. The proposed lenses are able to transmit up to 83% of the incident energy and generate sharp focusing with very high amplification (up to 16 dB experimentally). Furthermore, the resulting lenses are thinner than other designs providing similar performance, making them ideal candidates for application in acoustic imaging and medical diagnostics.
Equivalent circuit model of an ultra-thin polarization-independent triple band metamaterial absorber
Authors: Bhattacharyya Somak , Ghosh Saptarshi , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav
Published: September 2014

This paper presents equivalent circuit modeling of an ultra-thin polarization-independent metamaterial microwave absorber consisting of three concentric closed ring resonators (CRR). The unit cell size as well as the other geometrical dimensions like radii and widths of the rings are optimized so that absorptions take place at three distinct frequencies near to the middle of the FCC defined radar spectrum eg., at 5.50 GHz, 9.52 GHz and 13.80 GHz with peak absorptivities of 94.1%, 99.6% and 99.4% respectively. The equivalent circuit model of the triple band absorber has been developed sequentially considering the single band and double band absorber models. The circuit simulation of the final model agrees well with the full-wave simulation, thus validating the modeling technique. The structure is also fabricated and experimental absorption peaks are found close to the simulated values.
Giant magnetoresistance due to magnetoelectric currents in Sr3Co2Fe24O41 hexaferrites
Authors: Wang Xian , Su Zhijuan , Sokolov Alexander , Hu Bolin , Andalib Parisa , Chen Yajie , Harris Vincent G.
Published: September 2014

The giant magnetoresistance and magnetoelectric (ME) effects of Z-type hexaferrite Sr3Co2Fe24O41 were investigated. The present experiments indicated that an induced magnetoelectric current in a transverse conical spin structure not only presented a nonlinear behavior with magnetic field and electric field but also depended upon a sweep rate of the applied magnetic field. More interestingly, the ME current induced magnetoresistance was measured, yielding a giant room temperature magnetoresistance of 32.2% measured at low magnetic fields (∼125 Oe). These results reveal great potential for emerging applications of multifunctional magnetoelectric ferrite materials.
Efficient energy minimization in finite-difference micromagnetics: Speeding up hysteresis computations
Authors: Abert Claas , Wautischer Gregor , Bruckner Florian , Satz Armin , Suess Dieter
Published: September 2014

We implement an efficient energy-minimization algorithm for finite-difference micromagnetics that proofs especially useful for the computation of hysteresis loops. Compared to results obtained by time integration of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, a speedup of up to two orders of magnitude is gained. The method is implemented in a finite-difference code running on central processing units (CPUs) as well as graphics processing units (GPUs). This setup enables us to compute accurate hysteresis loops of large systems with a reasonable computational effort. As a benchmark, we solve the μMag standard problem #1 with a high spatial resolution and compare the results to the solution of the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation in terms of accuracy and computing time.
Electronic band structure of magnetic bilayer graphene superlattices
Authors: Pham C. Huy , Nguyen T. Thuong , Nguyen V. Lien
Published: September 2014

Electronic band structure of the bilayer graphene superlattices with δ-function magnetic barriers and zero average magnetic flux is studied within the four-band continuum model, using the transfer matrix method. The periodic magnetic potential effects on the zero-energy touching point between the lowest conduction and the highest valence minibands of pristine bilayer graphene are exactly analyzed. Magnetic potential is shown also to generate the finite-energy touching points between higher minibands at the edges of Brillouin zone. The positions of these points and the related dispersions are determined in the case of symmetric potentials.