bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses and Transformations of Chiral 1,3‐Aminoalcohols and 1,3‐Diols Derived from Nopinone.
Authors: Szakonyi Zsolt , Gonda Timea , Oetvoes Sandor Balazs , Fueloep Ferenc
Published: January 2015

A library of chiral pinane‐derived 1,3‐aminoalcohols, 1,3‐diols, and β‐hydroxyamides are prepared and examined on their catalytic activity in the reaction of benzaldehyde with ZnEt2.
ChemInform Abstract: NaBH4/Ac2O/DOWEX(R)50WX4: A Convenient System for Fast Preparation of gem‐Diacetates from Aldehydes.
Authors: Asl Parisa Azizi , Setamdideh Davood
Published: January 2015

The title reaction is fast and efficient, but does not apply to ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Epiandrosterone‐Derived Prolinamide as an Efficient Asymmetric Catalyst for Michael Addition Reactions of Aldehydes to Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Wang Yongchao , Ji Shen , Wei Kun , Lin Jun
Published: January 2015

The title novel catalyst can be easily prepared from commercially available Boc‐L‐Proline and epiandrosterone.
ChemInform Abstract: A Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Ketoamides via Chemoselective Aroyl Addition to Cyanamides.
Authors: Guin Srimanta , Rout Saroj Kumar , Gogoi Anupal , Ali Wajid , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: January 2015

Poor yields are observed when aliphatic α‐oxocarboxylic acids are used [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: An Umpolung Approach Toward N‐Aryl Nitrone Construction: A Phosphine‐Mediated Addition of 1,2‐Dicarbonyls to Nitroso Electrophiles.
Authors: Chavannavar Aditi P. , Oliver Allen G. , Ashfeld Brandon L.
Published: January 2015

A complementary approach toward nitrone construction that circumvents a conventional condensation strategy by exploiting the unusual reactivity of 1,2‐dicarbonyls with phosphines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of N‐Alkylated α,β‐Unsaturated Ketonitrones via Cu‐Catalyzed Rearrangement.
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Onuma Toshiki , Kanazawa Ryo , Nishigai Yuki , Terada Masahiro
Published: January 2015

The title compounds are efficiently synthesized from propargyloxyamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Ar‐BINMOL—Derived Salan—Cu(II) Complex—Catalyzed Silyl‐Reformatsky Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Fei , Zhou Wei , Zheng Long‐Sheng , Li Li , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Xu Li‐Wen
Published: January 2015

A practical and efficient procedure for the selective synthesis of β‐hydroxy esters (III) via a silyl‐Reformatsky reaction catalyzed by a Cu(II)‐salan complex is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Amides via Copper‐Catalyzed Oxyalkylation of Vinylarenes and Decarboxylative Alkenylation of sp3 C—H.
Authors: Yan Hong , Lu Linhua , Rong Guangwei , Liu Defu , Zheng Yang , Chen Jie , Mao Jincheng
Published: January 2015

Copper‐catalyzed oxidative coupling of styrenes with N,N‐substituted amides results in an efficient oxyalkylation reaction to give γ‐oxyalkylated amides in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole‐Assisted Ruthenium‐Catalyzed C—H Arylation of Aromatic Amides.
Authors: Al Mamari Hamad H. , Diers Emelyne , Ackermann Lutz
Published: January 2015

The direct arylation of amides is investigated in the presence of different side chain modifications and the triazole‐based auxiliary ‐NH‐Tam is found to be the optimal one.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Free, Efficient Double Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides with Amines Catalyzed by Water‐Insoluble and Water‐Soluble N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Amine Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Wang Yan , Yang Xiaolong , Zhang Chunyan , Yu Jianqiang , Liu Jianhua , Xia Chungu
Published: January 2015

The water‐soluble catalyst can be recovered by simple extraction and reused for up to three times without significant decrease of the product yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Methylarenes.
Authors: Azizi Kobra , Karimi Meghdad , Heydari Akbar
Published: January 2015

The title reaction is compatible with both primary and secondary amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Cyclization/Aza‐Claisen Rearrangement Cascade Initiated by Ketenimine Formation: An Efficient Stereocontrolled Synthesis of α‐Allyl Cyclic Amidines.
Authors: Xu Hua‐Dong , Jia Zhi‐Hong , Xu Ke , Han Mei , Jiang Sai‐Nan , Cao Jing , Wang Jia‐Cheng , Shen Mei‐Hua
Published: January 2015

The novel cascade reaction of amino enynes with azides allows the synthesis of a wide range of α‐allylic amidines in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Esterification of Alcohols with 2‐Acyl‐4,5‐dichloropyridazin‐3(2H)‐ones under Friedel—Crafts Conditions.
Authors: Kim Bo Ram , Sung Gi Hyeon , Ryu Ki Eun , Yoon Hyo Jae , Lee Sang‐Gyeong , Yoon Yong‐Jin
Published: January 2015

The esterification method shows no chemoselectivity in the presence of amino and mercapto groups, but allows the selective acylation of aliphatic alcohols in the presence of aromatic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sulfur Ylides‐Mediated Domino Benzannulation Strategy to Construct Biaryls, Alkenylated and Alkynylated Benzene Derivatives.
Authors: Gao Fei , Huang You
Published: January 2015

Ethyl or isopropyl esters can also be used in this reaction with similar results but the reactions may be run in MeCN as solvent to avoid transesterifications.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of Primary and Secondary Benzyl Halides with Arylboronates.
Authors: Sun Yan‐Yan , Yi Jun , Lu Xi , Zhang Zhen‐Qi , Xiao Bin , Fu Yao
Published: January 2015

The title reaction provides an efficient approach to diarylmethanes (III), diarylethanes (Va) and triarylmethanes (Vb).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct α‐Arylation of Benzyl Thioethers with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Frensch Gustavo , Hussain Nusrah , Marques Francisco A. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: January 2015

The title reaction involves reversible deprotonation of benzylic C—H bond of thioether with strong bases and subsequent cross‐coupling reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Superacid BF3—H2O Promoted Benzylation of Arenes with Benzyl Alcohols and Acetates Initiated by Trace Water.
Authors: Zhang Shuting , Zhang Xiaohui , Ling Xuege , He Chao , Huang Ruofeng , Pan Jing , Li Jiaqiang , Xiong Yan
Published: January 2015

The in situ prepared BF3—H2O reagent promotes the presented benzylation to give the products in moderate to excellent yields with good regioselectivities for secondary benzyl alcohols (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free Pd/Cu‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Coupling of Aryl Iodides with α‐Oxocarboxylates.
Authors: Ji Yongfeng , Yang Xiaomin , Mao Weixi
Published: January 2015

An attractive alternative to traditional cross‐coupling approaches for aryl ketone synthesis with wide functional group tolerance is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free and Recyclable Route to Synthesize Polysubstituted Olefins via C—C Bond Construction from Direct Dehydrative Coupling of Alcohols or Alkenes with Alcohols Catalyzed by Sulfonic Acid‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Han Feng , Yang Lei , Li Zhen , Zhao Yingwei , Xia Chungu
Published: January 2015

Both title reactions can be performed on gram‐scale.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Synthesis of 3,3′ Bis‐arylated BINOL Derivatives Using a C—H Borylation in situ Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Sequence.
Authors: Ahmed Ijaz , Clark Daniel A.
Published: January 2015

Protection of the hydroxyl groups in (R)‐BINOL by silylation followed by Ir‐catalyzed C‐H borylation gives the bis‐borylated derivative (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of First Generation Molecular Motors.
Authors: Neubauer Thomas M. , van Leeuwen Thomas , Zhao Depeng , Lubbe Anouk S. , Kistemaker Jos C. M. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: January 2015

By the enantioselective protonation of racemic indanone silyl enol ethers chiral indanones are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: TfOH Catalyzed Synthesis of 9‐Arylfluorenes via Tandem Reaction under Warm and Efficient Conditions.
Authors: Li Qingcui , Xu Wengang , Hu Jiaxing , Chen Xiaoqing , Zhang Fanglin , Zheng Hua
Published: January 2015

The tandem Friedel—Crafts reaction of 2‐arylbenzaldehydes with arenes proceeds via an acylal intermediate generated by TfOH catalyzed condensation of aldehydes with acetic anhydride.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a Phenanthrene Backbone via Cyclization and Aromatization of 2‐(2‐Arylphenyl)vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Murai Masahito , Hosokawa Naoki , Roy David , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: January 2015

By choosing the appropriate catalytic system, the reaction can be used to synthesize phenanthrene derivatives with electron‐withdrawing and ‐donating substituents in various positions.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reactions of Masked o‐Benzoquinones with 1‐Vinylcyclohexenes: A Short and Efficient Entry to Highly Functionalized Decahydrophenanthrene Skeleton.
Authors: Niu Guang‐Hao , Hou Chieh‐Shen , Chuang Gary Jing , Wu Chi‐Phi , Liao Chun‐Chen
Published: January 2015

Masked o‐benzoquinones generated in situ from o‐methoxyphenols and methanol undergo Diels—Alder reaction with 1‐vinylcyclohexenes to provide decahydrophenanthrenes along with bicyclo[2.2.2]octenone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Green Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Azetidinones Mediated by Propylphosphonic Anhydride (T3P®).
Authors: Zarei Maaroof
Published: January 2015

Monocyclic, spirocyclic, and 3‐electron‐withdrawing group β‐lactams are obtained by [2+2] ketene‐imine cycloaddition of substituted acetic acids and imines under mild and clean conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese Dioxide‐Mediated Oxidative Coupling of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: Direct Access to 3,4‐Dicarbonyl Substituted Furans.
Authors: Yue Yuanyuan , Zhang Yuanli , Song Weiwei , Zhang Xin , Liu Jianming , Zhuo Kelei
Published: January 2015

The advantages of the present method are simplicity, complete regioselectivity, and atom economy.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Conjugated Ene‐yne‐ketones and Terminal Alkynes: Synthesis of Furan‐Substituted Allenes.
Authors: Hu Fangdong , Xia Ying , Ma Chen , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: January 2015

The reaction is proposed to proceed by a copper carbene migratory insertion as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Enantioenriched γ‐Substituted Lactones via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of β‐Azidocyclopropane Carboxylates Using the Ru‐TsDPEN Complex.
Authors: Su Yan , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Gu Peiming
Published: January 2015

The reaction proceeds in the azeotrope Et3N/HCOOH via azide reduction, cyclopropane ring cleavage, ketone transfer hydrogenation, and lactonization.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydroarylative Cyclization of 1,6‐Enynes with Aromatic Ketones and Esters via C—H Activation.
Authors: Santhoshkumar Rajagopal , Mannathan Subramaniyan , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: January 2015

The highly chemo‐ and stereoselective title reaction furnishes functionalized pyrrolidines and dihydrofurans via cobalt‐triggered C‐H activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Synthesis of Phenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes by a Sequence of C—H Activation, Suzuki Cross‐Coupling and Photocyclization Reactions.
Authors: Schnapperelle Ingo , Bach Thorsten
Published: January 2015

A series of 3,4‐diarylthiophenes where one of the benzene rings bears a chlorine function in o‐position is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chiral Tetramic Acid‐Derived Diols: Organocatalytic Facile Synthesis and Unique Structural Properties.
Authors: Sengoku Tetsuya , Suzuki Kosuke , Nakayama Ken , Yagishita Fumitoshi , Sakamoto Masami , Takahashi Masaki , Yoda Hidemi
Published: January 2015

Chiral diols (III) are synthesized enantiomerically pure and in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Direct Asymmetric Vinylogous Mannich Reaction of γ‐Butenolides with Isatin‐Derived Ketimines.
Authors: Guo Yunlong , Zhang Yong , Qi Liangwen , Tian Fang , Wang Lixin
Published: January 2015

The title reaction proceeds in the presence of quinidine‐derived catalyst to form 3‐aminooxindole derivatives with moderate diastereoselectivities and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of Indoles via a Pd‐Catalyzed C—N Ring Formation.
Authors: Vaswani Rishi G. , et al. et al.
Published: January 2015

A practical, robust, and scalable Pd‐catalyzed intramolecular C—N bond forming strategy for the construction of various indole scaffolds is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Aminoacylation of Indoles and Pyrroles Through a Three‐Component Reaction with Ynol Ethers and Sulfonyl Azides.
Authors: Alford Joshua S. , Davies Huw M. L.
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of the corresponding pyrrole derivatives is accomplished in a two‐component reaction by using triazole (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on [PtCl2]‐ or [AuCl]‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 1‐(Indol‐2‐yl)‐2,3‐Allenols: The Effects of Water/Steric Hindrance and 1,2‐Migration Selectivity.
Authors: Qiu Youai , Fu Chunling , Zhang Xue , Ma Shengming
Published: January 2015

The AuCl‐catalyzed cyclization of unsymmetrically 4,4‐disubstituted allenols (I) leads to a single product (II), whilst substrates (III) afford a mixture of regioisomers (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the in situ Utilization of Cyclic Imine Intermediates Generated by Isocyanoacetate Cycloaddition: Convergent Assembly of cis‐3a,8a‐Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole Scaffolds.
Authors: Huang Lin , Cheng Hengguang , Zhang Runmei , Wang Min , Xie Chunsong
Published: January 2015

Hexahydropyrroloindoles are synthesized from isocyanoacetates and electron‐deficient olefins through a Cu(II) or Ag(I) catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition, intramolecular nucleophilic addition, and protonation sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Production of Cyclic Carbonates Mediated by Lanthanide Phenolates under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Qin Jie , Wang Peng , Li Qingyan , Zhang Yong , Yuan Dan , Yao Yingming
Published: January 2015

Readily available lanthanide complexes stabilized by a bridged poly(phenolate) ligand are used for the first time as catalysts for the insertion of CO2 into epoxides to generate cyclic carbonates such as (II), (V), and (VII) with high activity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Oxidation and Rearrangement of Propargylamines and in situ Pyrazole Synthesis.
Authors: Chen Jinshan , Properzi Roberta , Uccello Daniel P. , Young Jennifer A. , Dushin Russell G. , Starr Jeremy T.
Published: January 2015

A one‐pot protocol to synthesize enaminones directly from propargylamines via oxidation and rearrangement is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C7‐Arylation of Substituted Indazoles.
Authors: Naas Mohammed , El Kazzouli Said , Essassi El Mokhtar , Bousmina Mosto , Guillaumet Gerald
Published: January 2015

No reaction occurs with 1‐phenylindazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Activity of Cu Nanoparticles Supported on Fe3O4—Polyethylene Glycol Nanocomposites for the Synthesis of Substituted Imidazoles.
Authors: Zarnegar Zohre , Safari Javad
Published: January 2015

The catalyst is firstly synthesized by functionalization of poly(ethylene glycol) using cyanuric chloride giving PEG‐Cl4 which is then linked with Fe3O4 nanoparticles via formation of covalent bonds.
ChemInform Abstract: VanadiumV(Salen) Catalyzed Synthesis of Oxazolidinones from Epoxides and Isocyanates.
Authors: Beattie Christopher , North Michael
Published: January 2015

In the most cases the reaction gives both regioisomers, but only the major isomer is isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation for the Amination of Benzoxazole under Air.
Authors: Cao Ke , Wang Jia‐Ling , Wang Lin‐Hui , Li Yuan‐Yuan , Yu Xing‐Hua , Huang Yawen , Yang Junxiao , Chang Guanjun
Published: January 2015

Similar oxidative amination of benzothiazoles and benzimidazoles fails.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene Hydrofunctionalization Using Hydroxamic Acids: A Radical‐Mediated Approach to Alkene Hydration.
Authors: Giglio Benjamin C. , Alexanian Erik J.
Published: January 2015

A variety of alkenyl hydroxamic acids cyclizes in the presence of a peroxide radical initiator to form isoxazolidinone derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: First Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Regioselective C‐5 (Het)Arylation of Mono‐ or Disubstituted Thiazolo[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazoles.
Authors: Le Meur Mikael , Bourg Stephane , Massip Stephane , Marchivie Mathieu , Jarry Christian , Guillaumet Gerald , Routier Sylvain
Published: January 2015

A reaction sequence involving formation of thiazolo[3,2‐b]triazoles followed by efficient directed C‐H activation in the presence of a Pd‐catalyst to synthesize di‐ and trisubstituted derivatives with full regioselectivity is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mono‐ and Diaza‐′Pyridones′ via Stille Coupling of Alkoxystannanes.
Authors: Smith Charlotte L. , Hirschhaeuser Christoph , Malcolm Georgia K. , Nasrallah Daniel J. , Gallagher Timothy
Published: January 2015

The synthesis of the starting materials is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxycarbonylpiperidines as N‐Nucleophiles in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation.
Authors: Takacs Attila , Kabak‐Solt Zsuzsanna , Mikle Gabor , Kollar Laszlo
Published: January 2015

Piperidines with ester functionality are used as N‐nucleophiles in palladium‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation of iodobenzene and iodoalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Catalyzed Decarboxylative Acylation of Pyridine‐N‐Oxides Using α‐Oxocarboxylic Acids.
Authors: Suresh Rajendran , Kumaran Rajendran Senthil , Senthilkumar Vajiram , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam
Published: January 2015

The C2‐acylations of para‐substituted pyridine‐N‐oxides and quinoline N‐oxide with α‐oxocarboxylic acid in the presence of silver catalyst give moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Paroxetine by Diastereoconvergent Cobalt‐Catalyzed Arylation.
Authors: Despiau Carole F. , Dominey Andrew P. , Harrowven David C. , Linclau Bruno
Published: January 2015

A diastereoselective total synthesis of the antidepressant paroxetine is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetic Acid Promoted Metal‐Free Aerobic Carbon—Carbon Bond Forming Reactions at α‐Position of Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Ueda Hirofumi , Yoshida Kei , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: January 2015

The C‐C bond formation proceeds with a range of nucleophiles and leads to an oxidative functionalization of the benzylic C‐H bond in tetrahydroisoquinolines and tetrahydro‐β‐carboline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Visible‐Light Induced Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Amines with Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Xiao Tiebo , Li Linyong , Lin Guoliang , Mao Zong‐wan , Zhou Lei
Published: January 2015

The title reaction proceeds under mild and metal‐free conditions, affording β‐amino‐α‐diazo adducts by using air or oxygen as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Pictet—Spengler Reactions for the Syntheses of 1‐Substituted 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: Mons Elma , Wanner Martin J. , Ingemann Steen , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Hiemstra Henk
Published: January 2015

The Pictet—Spengler products are converted to a variety of natural products like (R)‐crispine A (VII), (R)‐calycotomine (X), and to an AMPA receptor antagonist (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: PhI(OAc)2‐Mediated Intramolecular Oxidative Aryl‐Aldehyde Csp2—Csp2 Bond Formation: Metal‐Free Synthesis of Acridone Derivatives.
Authors: Zheng Zisheng , Dian Longyang , Yuan Yucheng , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei , Zhao Kang
Published: January 2015

The newly developed cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of various 2‐(N‐alkyl‐N‐arylamino)benzaldehydes leads to acridone derivatives, whereas the secondary amine substituted benzaldehyde (III) yields acridine under similar conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: TBHP‐Promoted Sequential Radical Silylation and Aromatization of Aryl Isonitriles with Silanes.
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhu Hui , Guo Songjin , Cheng Jiang , Yu Jin‐Tao
Published: January 2015

A novel approach for the regioselective synthesis of 6‐silyl substituted phenanthridines is developed which tolerates a series of functional groups, such as halogen, acetyl, carbonyl and cyano.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sterically Congested Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Cascade Oxidative Annulation of Aryl Ketoximes with Diphenylacetylene by Sequential Cleavage of Multiple C—H Bonds.
Authors: Liu Bin , Hu Fang , Shi Bing‐Feng
Published: January 2015

The scalable protocol for the synthesis of title compounds tolerates various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Chemo‐, Regio‐, and Diastereoselective Normal Electron‐Demand Povarov‐Type Reactions with α‐Oxo‐ketene Dienophiles.
Authors: Galvez Jaime , Castillo Juan‐Carlos , Quiroga Jairo , Rajzmann Michel , Rodriguez Jean , Coquerel Yoann
Published: January 2015

The reaction between electron‐rich 2‐aza‐dienes (I), (IV), (VI), and (IX) and α‐oxo‐ketenes, derived from the Wolff rearrangement of 2‐diazocycloalkane‐diones such as (II) affords spiro hydropyridones (III) and (V) with good to excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient One‐Pot Multicomponent Strategy for the Synthesis of 6‐Pyrrolylpyrimidines.
Authors: Dhanalakshmi Pandi , Shanmugam Sivakumar
Published: January 2015

A facile preparation method for 6‐pyrrolylpyrimidines from aryl dithioacetals under mild conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Quinuclidinol as a Nucleophilic Catalyst for the Cyanation of 2‐Chloropyrimidines.
Authors: Kim Hong‐Yong , Shieh Wen‐Chung , Prashad Mahavir
Published: January 2015

A new facile synthesis of 2‐cyanopyrimidines is achieved by 3‐quinuclidinol catalyzed substitution of 2‐chloropyrimidines with KCN.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 5‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolin‐3‐amine Derivatives via Groebke—Blackburn—Bienayme Multicomponent Reaction.
Authors: Akbarzadeh Tahmineh , Ebrahimi Abolfath , Saeedi Mina , Mahdavi Mohammad , Foroumadi Alireza , Shafiee Abbas
Published: January 2015

The title compounds are efficiently obtained by reaction of 2‐phenylquinazolin‐4‐amine with various aromatic aldehydes and isocyanides under solvent‐free and environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Late‐Stage Functionalization of Complex Molecules Through C—H Fluorination and Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution.
Authors: Fier Patrick S. , Hartwig John F.
Published: January 2015

The selectivity of the first step, the fluorination, is examined on medicinally relevant heteroaromatic substrates with several electronically deferring mono or 3,5‐disubstituted pyridines (such as (XIV)).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 6‐Aminouracils with Aldehydes in Water as Both Solvent and Reactant under FeCl3·6H2O Catalysis: Towards 5‐Alkyl/Arylidenebarbituric Acids.
Authors: Kalita Subarna Jyoti , Mecadon Hormi , Chandra Deka Dibakar
Published: January 2015

For the first time the title products are prepared regioselectively from 6‐aminouracils, which presents an alternative to the known procedures from barbituric acids.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxy‐1,4‐dihydrobenzoxazines via a Three‐Component Petasis Reaction.
Authors: Chouguiat Louisa , Boulcina Raouf , Carboni Bertrand , Demonceau Albert , Debache Abdelmadjid
Published: January 2015

The secondary amines (I) are synthesized from aminophenols and aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Fused Heterocyclic Systems with an s‐Triazine Ring. Part 25. A New, One‐Pot, Multicomponent Synthesis of 5‐Aza‐9‐deaza‐adenines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Lim Felicia Phei Lin , Luna Giuseppe , Dolzhenko Anton V.
Published: January 2015

The main advantages of the introduced method are the operational simplicity, accessibility, and high efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: Rational Design of a Second Generation Catalyst for Preparation of Allylsilanes Using the Silyl‐Heck Reaction.
Authors: McAtee Jesse R. , Yap Glenn P. A. , Watson Donald A.
Published: January 2015

The reactivity of the ligand towards E/Z selectivity, vinyl vs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Mixed Alkyl Aryl Phosphonates.
Authors: Fananas‐Mastral Martin , Feringa Ben L.
Published: January 2015

The reaction can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Phosphorylated Nitroso Alkenes with Enol Ethers on Water: A Clean Approach Toward 1,2‐Oxazine Derivatives.
Authors: de los Santos Jesus M. , Ignacio Roberto , Es Sbai Zouhair , Aparicio Domitila , Palacios Francisco
Published: January 2015

The direct construction of 5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,2‐oxazines is achieved through hetero‐Diels—Alder reaction of enol ethers with nitroso alkenes, generated is situ by dehydrohalogenation of oximes bearing an electron withdrawing substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Preparation of 2‐(Alkyl)arylbenzoselenazoles from the Corresponding N‐(Acetyl)benzoyl‐2‐iodoanilines via a Microwave‐Assisted Methodology.
Authors: Redon Sebastien , Kabri Youssef , Crozet Maxime D. , Vanelle Patrice
Published: January 2015

The novel method allows the synthesis of benzoselenazoles in moderate yields by treatment of N‐acyl‐2‐iodoanilines with Woollins′ reagent under basic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Compatible Photoarylation of Amino Acids and Peptides.
Authors: Sudakow Alex , Papke Uli , Lindel Thomas
Published: January 2015

A novel photoarylation of amino acids (II) with azide (I) which tolerates water is developed leading to desired esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Carbazomycin G by a Thermal Ring Expansion/Self‐Redox Reaction Cascade.
Authors: An Yong , Wang Yunxia , Hu Xiangdong
Published: January 2015

The total synthesis of carbazomycin G (I) is accomplished in six steps in 26% overall yields starting from commercially available materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Aeruginosins and a Microviridin from a Bloom Assembly of Microcystis spp. Collected from a Fishpond Near Kibbutz Lehavot HaBashan, Israel.
Authors: Vegman Margarita , Carmeli Shmuel
Published: January 2015

Aerugonosins LH650A (‐)‐(Ia), LH650B (‐)‐(Ib), LH606 (‐)‐(II), and microviridin LH1667 (+)‐(III) are isolated and evaluated towards their serine protease inhibitory properties against trypsin and chymotrypsin.
ChemInform Abstract: Transport Properties of Hybrids with Ferromagnetic MnAs Nanoclusters and Their Potential for New Magnetoelectronic Devices
Authors: Elm Matthias T. , Hara Shinjiro
Published: January 2015

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Functionalization Methods of Thiolate‐Protected Gold Clusters
Authors: Kurashige Wataru , Niihori Yoshiki , Sharma Sachil , Negishi Yuichi
Published: January 2015

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Processing of Non‐ferromagnetic Materials in Strong Static Magnetic Field
Authors: Sun Z. H. I. , Guo M. , Vleugels J. , Van der Biest O. , Blanpain B.
Published: January 2015

Review: 52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermochemical Heat Storage for High Temperature Applications — A Review
Authors: Felderhoff M. , Urbanczyk R. , Peil S.
Published: January 2015

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Controlled Nanomaterial Synthesis Using Surfactant‐Assisted Ball Milling — A Review
Authors: Ullah Mahbub , Ali Md. Eaqub , Abd Hamid Sharifah Bee
Published: January 2015

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Tropones and Tropolones
Authors: Liu Na , Song Wangze , Schienebeck Casi M. , Zhang Min , Tang Weiping
Published: January 2015

Review: 292 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Carbohydrate‐Based Organocatalysts in Enantioselective Synthesis
Authors: Faisca Phillips Ana Maria
Published: January 2015

Review: data from 2009 to mid‐2014; 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous Flow and Microwave‐Assisted Vorbrueggen Glycosylations: Historical Perspective to High‐Throughput Strategies
Authors: Manvar Atul , Shah Anamik
Published: January 2015

Review: [53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Paths in Natural Product Research. The Successful Combination of Synthetic Chemistry and Biotechnology
Authors: Hemmerling F. , Hahn F.
Published: January 2015

Review: 8 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorins: Natural Sources, Synthetic Developments and Main Applications
Authors: de Oliveira Kleber T. , Momo Patricia B. , de Assis Francisco F. , Ferreira Marco A. B. , Brocksom Timothy J.
Published: January 2015

Review: 124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Phosphines in Nucleophilic Organocatalysis
Authors: Xiao Yumei , Sun Zhanhu , Guo Hongchao , Kwon Ohyun
Published: January 2015

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐Membered Heterocycles with Three and Four N‐Heteroatoms: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis
Authors: Kaur Navjeet
Published: January 2015

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Medicinally Relevant Terpenes: Reducing the Cost and Time of Drug Discovery
Authors: Jansen Daniel J. , Shenvi Ryan A.
Published: January 2015

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review on Advances in the Synthesis and Bioactivity of Quinazolinone Derivatives
Authors: Patil J. P. , Amrutkar S. V. , Borole R. N.
Published: January 2015

Review: 87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Thiophene Derivatives by Cyclization of Functionalized Alkynes
Authors: Mancuso Raffaella , Gabriele Bartolo
Published: January 2015

Review: 110 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Chemistry Starting from 2H‐Pyran‐2‐one Derivatives
Authors: Kranjc Kristof , evar Marijan Koc
Published: January 2015

Review: 175 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Cyclic Terpenoids with Terminal Pendant Prenyl Moieties: From Occurrence to Synthesis
Authors: Kulcitki Veaceslav , Harghel Petru , Ungur Nicon
Published: January 2015

Review: 182 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Triazoles: an Overview
Authors: Aswar Nitin Arunrao
Published: January 2015

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chalcones: Synthesis, Structure Diversity and Pharmacological Aspects
Authors: Suwito Hery , Jumina Jumina , Mustofa Mustofa , Kristanti Alfinda Novi , Tri Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman
Published: January 2015

Review: 74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Cyclic Phosphonamide Reagents in the Total Synthesis of Natural Products and Biologically Active Molecules
Authors: Focken Thilo , Hanessian Stephen
Published: January 2015

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Reactivity of Fluorinated Molecules with Transition Metals
Authors: Catalan Silvia , Munoz Socrates B. , Fustero Santos
Published: January 2015

Review: 235 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐coexistence and Glass‐like Behavior in Magnetic and Dielectric Solids with Long‐range Order
Authors: Roy S. B. , Chaddah P.
Published: January 2015

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Spin Glass Perspective on Ferroic Glasses
Authors: Sherrington David
Published: January 2015

Review: 98 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Where Chemical Sensors May Assist in Clinical Diagnosis Exploring “Big Data”
Authors: Oliveira Osvaldo N. Jr. , Neves Tacito T. A. T. , Paulovich Fernando V. , de Oliveira Maria Cristina F.
Published: January 2015

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Heme Environmental Structures in Heme‐Regulated Proteins Using Heme as the Signaling Molecule
Authors: Ishimori Koichiro , Watanabe Yuta
Published: January 2015

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalized Silica Gel as Green Material for Metal Remediation
Authors: Sharma R. K. , Gaba Garima , Kumar Anil , Puri Aditi
Published: January 2015

Review: 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Highly Efficient Ag‐Based Visible‐Light Photocatalysts
Authors: Li Gaiping , Wang Yuexiang , Mao Lanqun
Published: January 2015

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Review on Biodiesel Production from Various Feedstocks Using 12‐Tungstophosphoric Acid (TPA) as a Solid Acid Catalyst Precursor
Authors: Baroi Chinmoy , Dalai Ajay K.
Published: January 2015

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Enabling Power of Continuous Chemistry
Authors: Bratt Mark , Tames Ollie
Published: January 2015

Review: 11 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Corrin‐Based Chemosensors for the ASSURED Detection of Endogenous Cyanide
Authors: Zelder Felix , Tivana Lucas
Published: January 2015

Review: 33 refs.
Experimentelle Untersuchung zur Foulingneigung einer Polymerdispersion auf modifizierten Oberflächen
Authors: Gottschalk Nathalie , Kuschnerow Jan C. , Föste Henning , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan
Published: January 2015

Bei der Herstellung und Verarbeitung von Polymerdispersionen ist Fouling, also die unerwünschte Belagbildung auf Oberflächen in Wärmeübertragern und Reaktoren, ein zentrales Problem für die ökonomische und ökologische Effizienz. In dieser Studie wird das Foulingverhalten von Polymerdispersionen auf beheizten und gekühlten Oberflächen untersucht. Dabei wird die Foulingneigung auf Wärmeübertragern in Abhängigkeit von betrieblichen (Wärmestromdichte, Fluidtemperatur, Feststoffkonzentration, Strömungsregime) und apparativen (Oberflächenmodifikation, Beschichtung) Parametern analysiert. Hierbei wurden elektropolierte Oberflächen und bestimmte Parameterkonfigurationen der untersuchten Beschichtungen als weniger foulinganfällig bzw. besser zu reinigen identifiziert.
On the Metabolically Active Form of Metaglidasen: Improved Synthesis and Investigation of Its Peculiar Activity on Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptors and Skeletal Muscles
Authors: Laghezza Antonio , Montanari Roberta , Lavecchia Antonio , Piemontese Luca , Pochetti Giorgio , Iacobazzi Vito , Infantino Vittoria , Capelli Davide , De Bellis Michela , Liantonio Antonella , Pierno Sabata , Tortorella Paolo , Conte Camerino Diana , Loiodice Fulvio
Published: January 2015

Metaglidasen is a fibrate‐like drug reported as a selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ), able to lower plasma glucose levels in the absence of the side effects typically observed with thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agents in current use. Herein we report an improved synthesis of metaglidasen′s metabolically active form halofenic acid (R)‐2 and that of its enantiomer (S)‐2. The activity of the two stereoisomers was carefully examined on PPARα and PPARγ subtypes. As expected, both showed partial agonist activity toward PPARγ; the investigation of PPARα activity, however, led to unexpected results. In particular, (S)‐2 was found to act as a partial agonist, whereas (R)‐2 behaved as an antagonist. X‐ray crystallographic studies with PPARγ were carried out to gain more insight on the molecular‐level interactions and to propose a binding mode. Given the adverse effects provoked by fibrate drugs on skeletal muscle function, we also investigated the capacity of (R)‐2 and (S)‐2 to block conductance of the skeletal muscle membrane chloride channel. The results showed a more beneficial profile for (R)‐2, the activity of which on skeletal muscle function, however, should not be overlooked in the ongoing clinical trials studying its long‐term effects.
Cost effectiveness of proton versus photon radiation therapy with respect to the risk of growth hormone deficiency in children
Authors: Mailhot Vega Raymond , Kim Jane , Hollander Abby , Hattangadi‐Gluth Jona , Michalski Jeff , Tarbell Nancy J. , Yock Torunn I. , Bussiere Marc , MacDonald Shannon M.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Proton therapy in pediatrics may improve the risk/benefit profile of radiotherapy at a greater upfront financial cost, but it may prove to be cost effective if chronic medical complications can be avoided. Tools to assist with decision making are needed to aid in selecting pediatric patients for protons, and cost‐effectiveness models can provide an objective method for this.

METHODS

A Markov cohort‐simulation model was developed to assess the expected costs and effectiveness for specific radiation doses to the hypothalamus with protons versus photons in pediatric patients. Costing data included cost of investment and the diagnosis and management of growth hormone deficiency. Longitudinal outcomes data were used to inform risk parameters for the model. With costs in 2012 US dollars and effectiveness measured in quality‐adjusted life years, incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were used to measure outcomes.

RESULTS

Proton therapy was cost effective for some scenarios based on the difference in hypothalamic sparing. Although some scenarios were not cost effective, others were not only cost effective for proton therapy but also demonstrated that protons were cost saving compared with photons.

CONCLUSIONS

The current results provide the first evidence‐based guide for identifying children with brain tumors who may benefit the most from proton therapy with respect to endocrine dysfunction. Proton therapy may be more cost effective for scenarios in which radiation dose to the hypothalamus can be spared, but protons may not be cost effective when tumors are involving or directly adjacent to the hypothalamus if there is a high dose to this structure.Cancer2015;121:1694–1702. ©2015 American Cancer Society.
A phase 1 study of cetuximab and lapatinib in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies
Authors: Deeken John F. , Wang Hongkun , Subramaniam Deepa , He Aiwu Ruth , Hwang Jimmy , Marshall John L. , Urso Christina E. , Wang Yiru , Ramos Corinne , Steadman Kenneth , Pishvaian Michael J.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

Acquired resistance to antiepidermal growth factor receptor (anti‐EGFR) therapy may be caused by EGFR–v‐erb‐b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ErbB2) heterodimerization and pathway reactivation. In preclinical studies, inhibiting ErbB2 blocked this resistance mechanism and resensitized cells to anti‐EGFR therapy. Cetuximab targets EGFR, whereas lapatinib inhibits both EGFR and ErbB2. The objective of this phase 1 trial was to assess the safety, dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs), and maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of cetuximab and lapatinib in patients with solid tumors.

METHODS

Patients received standard weekly cetuximab with escalating lapatinib doses of 750 mg, 1000 mg, or 1250 mg daily in 3‐week cycles. DLTs were monitored through the end of cycle 2. Pretreatment and post‐treatment tumor biopsies and germline DNA samples were obtained for correlative studies.

RESULTS

Twenty‐two patients were enrolled, and 18 patients each were evaluable for toxicity and response. Fifty‐nine percent of patients had received prior anti‐EGFR therapy. Common toxicities included rash and diarrhea. No patient experienced a DLT at the highest dose level, and no grade 4 toxicity was observed. Response included no complete responses, 3 partial responses, 9 patients with stable disease, and 6 patients with disease progression, for an overall response rate of 17% and a clinical benefit rate of 67%. The clinical benefit rate in patients who had previously received anti‐EGFR therapy was 70%. The mean treatment duration was 4.7 cycles (range, 1‐14 cycles). Decreased expression of EGFR/ErbB2 pathway components after treatment was correlated with response, whereas increased expression in the PI3K, Jak/Stat, and MAPK pathways occurred in nonresponders.

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of cetuximab and lapatinib was well tolerated, had the expected toxicities, and exhibited notable clinical activity, including in patients who had received previous anti‐EGFR therapy. Further clinical study of this combination is warranted. Cancer 2015;121:1645–1653. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Randomized trial comparing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with advanced, nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: 10‐year update and subset analysis
Authors: Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Tan Daniel S.W. , Tan Veronique KM , Wang Weining , Hwang Jacqueline , Tan Ngian‐Chye , Sivanandan Ranjiv , Tan Hiang‐Khoon , Lim Wan Teck , Ang Mei‐Kim , Wee Joseph , Soo Khee‐Chee , Tan Eng Huat
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

The current study was performed to report the long‐term results of a trial comparing concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CCRT) with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) in patients with stage III/IV nonmetastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODS

Patients with stage III/IV resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were randomized to surgery followed by RT or CCRT. The trial was halted prematurely due to poor accrual. Human papillomavirus status was tested on archival material using polymerase chain reaction sequencing.

RESULTS

Of the total of 119 patients, 60 patients were randomized to primary surgery (S arm) and 59 patients were randomized to CCRT (C arm). Human papillomavirus status was tested in 75 patients, and only 3 were found to be positive. The median follow‐up for surviving patients was 13 years. Analysis of the entire cohort demonstrated no statistically significant difference in overall survival and disease‐specific survival (DSS): 5‐year rates were 45% versus 35% for overall survival (P = .262) and 56% versus 46% for DSS (P = .637) for the S arm and C arm, respectively. Analysis by subsites indicated that this difference favoring the S arm was mainly driven by survival data among patients with cancers of the oral cavity and maxillary sinus. For patients with oral cavity cancer, survival was significantly better in those who underwent primary surgery compared with CCRT; the 5‐year DSS rate was 68% versus 12% for the S arm and C arm, respectively (P = .038). For patients with cancers of the maxillary sinus, the 5‐year DSS rate was 71% for patients on the S arm and 0% for patients on the C arm (P = .05).

CONCLUSIONS

These long‐term results demonstrate a significant advantage for primary surgery in patients with cancers of the oral cavity or maxillary sinus, providing strong support for primary surgery as the main modality of treatment for these subsites. In other subsites, CCRT and surgery with adjuvant RT were found to demonstrate similar efficacy for survival in patients with advanced resectable tumors. Cancer 2015;121:1599–1607. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Variation in hospital treatment patterns for metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Krell Robert W. , Regenbogen Scott E. , Wong Sandra L.
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND

There are many treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). However, to the authors' knowledge, national treatment patterns for metastatic CRC, and the stability of hospital treatment patterns over time, have not been well described.

METHODS

Data from the 2006 through 2011 National Cancer Data Base were used to study adults with newly diagnosed metastatic CRC (84,161 patients from 1051 hospitals). Using hierarchical models, the authors characterized hospital volume in the use of different treatment modalities (primary site resection, metastatic site resection, chemotherapy, and palliative care). The authors then assessed variation in the receipt of treatment according to the hospitals' relative volume of services used. Finally, the extent to which hospital treatment patterns changed over the past decade was examined.

RESULTS

Overall use of volume of services varied widely (5.0% in the hospitals with low volumes of service to 22.3% in the hospitals with high volumes of service). As hospitals' volumes of services increased, adjusted rates of metastatic site surgery (6.6% to 30.8%; P<.001) and multiagent chemotherapy (37.8% to 57.4%; P<.001) use increased, but primary site resection demonstrated little variation (56.8% vs 59.5%; P = .024). It is interesting to note that use of palliative care also increased (8.1% to 11.3%; P = .002). Hospital treatment patterns did not change over time, with hospitals with high volumes of service consistently using more metastatic site resection and multiagent chemotherapy than hospitals with low volumes of service.

CONCLUSIONS

There is wide variation in hospital treatment patterns for patients with metastatic CRC, and these patterns have been stable over time. It appears that much of the approach for metastatic CRC treatment depends on the hospital in which the patient presents. Cancer 2015;121:1755–1761. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Development and implementation of a coupled computational muscle force optimization bone shape adaptation modeling method
Authors: Florio C. S.
Published: January 2015

Improved methods to analyze and compare the muscle‐based influences that drive bone strength adaptation can aid in the understanding of the wide array of experimental observations about the effectiveness of various mechanical countermeasures to losses in bone strength that result from age, disuse, and reduced gravity environments. The coupling of gradient‐based and gradientless numerical optimization routines with finite element methods in this work results in a modeling technique that determines the individual magnitudes of the muscle forces acting in a multisegment musculoskeletal system and predicts the improvement in the stress state uniformity and, therefore, strength, of a targeted bone through simulated local cortical material accretion and resorption. With a performance‐based stopping criteria, no experimentally based or system‐based parameters, and designed to include the direct and indirect effects of muscles attached to the targeted bone as well as to its neighbors, shape and strength alterations resulting from a wide range of boundary conditions can be consistently quantified. As demonstrated in a representative parametric study, the developed technique effectively provides a clearer foundation for the study of the relationships between muscle forces and the induced changes in bone strength. Its use can lead to the better control of such adaptive phenomena. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A viscoelastic fluid–structure interaction model for carotid arteries under pulsatile flow
Authors: Wang Zhongjie , Wood Nigel B. , Xu Xiao Yun
Published: January 2015

In this study, a fluid–structure interaction model (FSI) incorporating viscoelastic wall behaviour is developed and applied to an idealized model of the carotid artery under pulsatile flow. The shear and bulk moduli of the arterial wall are described by Prony series, where the parameters can be derived from in vivo measurements. The aim is to develop a fully coupled FSI model that can be applied to realistic arterial geometries with normal or pathological viscoelastic wall behaviour. Comparisons between the numerical and analytical solutions for wall displacements demonstrate that the coupled model is capable of predicting the viscoelastic behaviour of carotid arteries. Comparisons are also made between the solid only and FSI viscoelastic models, and the results suggest that the difference in radial displacement between the two models is negligible. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Color combination criteria in Le Corbusier's Purist architecture based on Salubra claviers from 1931
Authors: Serra Juan , Llopis Jorge , Torres Ana , Giménez Manuel
Published: January 2015

We have carried out a new study of the color combinations selected by Le Corbusier in ‘les claviers de couleurs’ for the Salubra wallpaper company in 1931, by analyzing them in the Natural Color System, which allows us to understand the perceptive variables of colors (hue, blackness, and chromaticness) as well as their combination criteria. Regarding the perceptive variables, we have discussed the selected hue ranges in relation to other color proposals of Le Corbusier himself, and we have shown the extensive presence of earthy hues, or the noteworthy absence of other colors such as yellows, violets, black, and white. We have also analyzed the chromaticness of colors, which is generally low, and the blackness, also very limited. In relation to the combination criteria, we aim to find out the underlying order in the color combinations by studying the similarities and contrasts of their perceptive variables. We demonstrate graphically, by a navigable three‐dimensional model, and with statistical support, some principles in Le Corbusier's color preferences, such as the combination of colors with equal chromaticness, the search of some contrast in blackness, or the usual resource of contrasting cool with warm colors, something slightly different to the contrast of complementary colors. We have also discussed other compositional criteria held by Le Corbusier to use color in his Purist architecture, which are related to the position and proportion of the surfaces to be colored, the connotations associated to different hues, or the use of plain colors, among others. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 85–100, 2016