bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel diurnal fluctuation of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and 17OHprogesterone as assessed in serum and saliva: validation of a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for salivary steroid profiling
Authors: Mezzullo Marco , Fazzini Alessia , Gambineri Alessandra , Di Dalmazi Guido , Mazza Roberta , Pelusi Carla , Vicennati Valentina , Pasquali Renato , Pagotto Uberto , Fanelli Flaminia
Published: January 2017

Background:

Salivary androgen testing represents a valuable source of biological information. However, the proper measurement of such low levels is challenging for direct immunoassays, lacking adequate accuracy. In the last few years, many conflicting findings reporting low correlation with the serum counterparts have hampered the clinical application of salivary androgen testing. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) makes it possible to overcome previous analytical limits, providing new insights in endocrinology practice.

Methods:

Salivary testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 17OHprogesterone (17OHP) were extracted from 500µL of saliva, separated in 9.5 min LC-gradient and detected by positive electrospray ionization – multiple reaction monitoring. The diurnal variation of salivary and serum androgens was described by a four paired collection protocol (8 am, 12 am, 4 pm and 8 pm) in 19 healthy subjects.

Results:

The assay allowed the quantitation of T, A, DHEA and 17OHP down to 3.40, 6.81, 271.0 and 23.7 pmol/L, respectively, with accuracy between 83.0 and 106.1% for all analytes. A parallel diurnal rhythm in saliva and serum was observed for all androgens, with values decreasing from the morning to the evening time points. Salivary androgen levels revealed a high linear correlation with serum counterparts in both sexes (T: R>0.85; A: R>0.90; DHEA: R>0.73 and 17OHP: R>0.89; p<0.0001 for all).

Conclusions:

Our LC-MS/MS method allowed a sensitive evaluation of androgen salivary levels and represents an optimal technique to explore the relevance of a comprehensive androgen profile as measured in saliva for the study of androgen secretion modulation and activity in physiologic and pathologic states.
Simplified Iterated Lavrentiev Regularization for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Monotone Operator Equations
Authors: Mahale Pallavi
Published: January 2017

Mahale and Nair [12] considered an iterated
form of Lavrentiev regularization
for obtaining stable approximate solutions for
ill-posed nonlinear equations of the form

F
⁢

(
x
)

=
y

${F(x)=y}$

, where

F
:

D
⁢

(
F
)

⊆
X
→
X

${F:D(F)\subseteq X\to X}$

is a nonlinear monotone operator and X is a Hilbert space. They considered an a posteriori strategy to find a stopping index which not only led to the convergence of the method, but also gave an order optimal error estimate
under a general source condition. However, the iterations defined
in [12] require calculation of Fréchet derivatives at each iteration. In this paper,
we consider a simplified version of the iterated Lavrentiev regularization which will involve calculation of the Fréchet derivative only at the point

x
0

${x_{0}}$

, i.e., at the initial approximation of the exact solution

x
†

${x^{\dagger}}$

. Moreover, the general source condition and stopping rule which we use in this paper involve calculation of the Fréchet derivative at the point

x
0

${x_{0}}$

,
instead at the unknown exact solution

x
†

${x^{\dagger}}$

as in [12].
Semantically-based functions of noun-class markers in Tagbana
Authors: Kiyofon Antoine , Duffley Patrick
Published: January 2017

This paper addresses the use of noun-class markers in Tagbana from the perspective of a cognitively-inspired approach based on Langacker’s (2000. Grammar and conceptualization. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter) semiological principle. Drawing on this basic tenet of Cognitive Grammar according to which the symbolic function of language consists in making speakers’ conceptualizations auditorily or visually perceptible, it demonstrates that in syntactic constructions composed of ‘noun-stem+noun-class marker’ and ‘noun-class marker+identifier’, noun-class markers fulfil the semantic function of making explicit the way the speaker conceives of the experiential entity referred to in the utterance.This view goes beyond form-centred functions such as referent-tracking to include the signifying of complex conceptualizations involving more than one noun-class marker with the same noun-stem, as well as the discourse functions of indicating topicality, insistence on a referent’s existence and contrastive focus.
Strict stability with respect to initial time difference for Caputo fractional differential equations by Lyapunov functions
Authors: Agarwal Ravi P. , O’Regan Donal , Hristova Snezhana
Published: January 2017

The strict stability properties are generalized to nonlinear Caputo fractional differential equations in the case when both initial points and initial times are changeable.
Using Lyapunov functions, some criteria for strict stability, eventually strict stability and strict practical stability are obtained.
A brief overview of different types of derivatives in the literature related to the application of Lyapunov functions to Caputo fractional equations are given, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed with several examples.
The Caputo fractional Dini derivative with respect to to initial time difference is used to obtain some sufficient conditions.
Water sorption hysteresis in wood: I review and experimental patterns – geometric characteristics of scanning curves
Authors: Shi Jingbo , Avramidis Stavros
Published: January 2017

The origin of sorption hysteresis in the wood-water system is still under debate. In nanoporous-fluid systems, in general, hysteresis is explained as the manifestation of metastable states in a single pore-fluid system and that is further complicated by the pore connectivity. Cell walls are considered as micro-mesoporous materials and capillary condensation in the entire hygroscopic region is proposed as an alternative sorption mechanism. In the present work, the woods of Douglas-fir, aspen and western red cedar were in focus and the pore connectivity has been investigated by observing five experimentally generated hysteresis patterns comprised by up to 4thscanning curves at 25 and 40°C. Special attention was given to the congruency property from one pattern as it is known from the literature that deviation from this property can reveal the extent of pore connectivity. Consistent patterns were found for the species-temperature combinations. Further, the high extent of congruency property indicated the dominance of independent cell wall pores.
Computational Modeling and Analysis of Fluid Structure Interaction in Micromixers with Deformable Baffle
Authors: Madhumitha R. , Arunkumar S. , Karthikeyan K. K. , Krishnah S. , Ravichandran V. , Venkatesan M.
Published: January 2017

A passive micromixer with obstacles in the form of deformable baffles is examined numerically. The model deploys an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian framework with Fluid-structure interaction coupled with a diffusion–advection model. Numerical analysis is carried out in the Reynolds number [Re] range of 0.01≤Re≤300. The objective of the present study is to enhance mixing between two component flow streams in a microchannel encompassing a deformable baffle. In the present work, the baffle deforms only due to the dynamic force of fluids. No external forces are applied. To exemplify the effectiveness of the present design, water and a suspension of curcumin drug loaded nanoparticles are taken as two fluids. Mixing index based on the variance of the local concentration of the suspension is employed to appraise the mixing performance of the micromixer. The introduction of the deformable baffle in a micromixer proliferates the mixing performance with minimal pressure drop over the tested Reynolds number range.
Effect of Heat Processing and Ultrasonication Treatment on Custard Apple Peroxidase Activity and Vitamin C
Authors: Dabir Mugdha P. , Ananthanarayan L.
Published: January 2017

Peroxidase isolated from custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) being a heat stable enzyme can be inactivated by heat processing and ultrasonication treatment as well. Heat processing took up to 22 min at 91 °C for complete inactivation of peroxidase. The ultrasonication treatment was performed at 40, 55, 70, 85 and 100 W ultrasonic power and was found to achieve complete inactivation at 85 W as well as at 100 W power within 5 min. The heat inactivation followed first-order reaction kinetics and the activation energy (E
a) calculated from Arrhenius plot was found to be 7.03 × 104 J/mol, which was near the reported range for peroxidases. Heat processing caused 52.7 % loss of vitamin C while achieving complete inactivation of peroxidase at 91 °C for 22 min, whereas ultrasonication caused 21.6 % vitamin C loss at 85 W power within 5 min. Ultrasonication was thus found to be efficient in retaining vitamin C while achieving complete enzyme inactivation.
Beta cell function and clinical course in three siblings with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) treated with thiamine supplementation
Authors: Potter Kathryn , Wu John , Lauzon Julie , Ho Josephine
Published: January 2017

Three siblings with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) with a homozygous c.454delGGCATinsAT mutation in
Radiation induced environmental remediation of Cr(VI) heavy metal in aerated neutral solution under simulated industrial effluent
Authors: Djouider Fathi , Aljohani Mohammed S.
Published: January 2017

Cr(VI) compounds are major water contaminants in most industrial effluents, due to their carcinogenicity, while Cr(III) is an important element for human metabolism. In a previous work, we showed that Cr(VI) was radiolytically reduced to Cr(III) by the CO2ˉ• radical at pH 3 N2O-saturated solution in the presence of formate. Here in the present work, this removal was investigated by steady state irradiation and pulse radiolysis in aerated solution at neutral pH, which is close to natural conditions in most wastewaters, where the reducing agent is the superoxide radical anion O2ˉ•. The degradation of Cr(VI) increased linearly with the absorbed dose and was significantly enhanced by the added formate but not by the radiolitically produced hydrogen peroxide at this pH. The rate constant for this reduction was found to be 1.28×108 M−1 s−1 and the absorption spectrum of Cr(V) transient species was obtained. A partial recovery of Cr(VI) is observed over a period of ca. 5 ms following a second order kinetics with a rate constant 8.0×106 M−1 s−1. These outcomes suggest that gamma-irradiation of Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewaters and industrial effluents in presence of formate can be simple, effective and economical means for the remediation of this major contaminant.
The Semiotics of Nirvāṇa: Salvation in Buddhism
Authors: Hébert Louis
Published: January 2017

D’abord, nous présenterons sommairement le schéma narratif canonique (SNC) de la sémiotique greimassienne. Ensuite, nous appliquerons le SNC à la description de la voie bouddhiste. Nous verrons que le salut pivote deux SNC principaux : l’un individuel, où un être atteint l’éveil ; l’autre collectif, et sans doute utopique, où tous les êtres ont atteint l’éveil (grâce à un être éveillé ou bouddha, qui est une condition nécessaire mais non suffisante pour l’éveil). Dans l’analyse, le bouddhisme est quelquefois comparé au christianisme.
Plastic Zone Size at Sharp Indentation Contact of Classical Elastic–Plastic Materials: Behavior at Linear Strain Hardening
Authors: Larsson P.-L. , Olsson E.
Published: January 2017

The present analysis concerns a finite-element study of sharp (cone) indentation of classical elastic–plastic materials with linear strain hardening and, especially, the details of the behavior of the size of the plastic zone are at issue. It is shown that the plastic zone size parameters are dependent on two parameters: the well-known Johnson parameter and the level of plastic hardening. This dependence includes both geometrical and material properties. The details of the influence from the hardening level have not been explicitly studied previously. The results are compared with previous findings for elastic–ideally plastic materials.
Takotsubo Syndrome: Does the Octopus Trap Hide Dangers?
Authors: Bergami Maria , Amaduzzi Peter Louis , Bugiardini Raffaele
Published: January 2017

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a recently identified acute heart syndrome, characterized by regional wall motion abnormalities not justified by the presence of significant coronary artery obstruction. Clinically, TTS closely resembles acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and therefore differential diagnosis may be an important obstacle for its correct clinical management. The prevalence of TTS is estimated to be around 2% of acute myocardial infarctions, and the number of diagnoses has increased in recent years, possibly reflecting our growing understanding of this condition. Given the similarities between TTS and ACS, clinical presentation in these patients is equivocal. However, numerous peculiar traits have been observed, such as the greater prevalence in postmenopausal women and the presence of stressful triggers. Many pathogenetic hypotheses for TTS, such as catecholamine overload and microvascular dysfunction, have been proposed. None of these have been capable of independently explaining the underlying mechanisms. The diagnostic criteria proposed by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology represent a novel attempt to introduce semiquantitative parameters, yet further scientific validation is needed. Contrary to previous opinions, TTS is not always benign, considering the relatively high prevalence of acute complications, an estimated in-hospital mortality similar to that of acute myocardial infarction (1–8%), and a significant rate of recurrences and persistence of symptoms. Clinical management of TTS has been largely based on empirical experience related to ACS, and therefore pharmacological strategies are partially overlapping. An issue of the utmost importance is the lack of randomized prospective data validating diagnostic criteria, risk stratification, and specific therapeutic approaches.
Strategies for Coping with Neuropathic Pain and Impact of Pain on the Functional Condition of Patients
Authors: Kołpa Małgorzata , Mężyk Ewa
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Determining the strategies, which patients implement in order to fight the pain and the extent, to which they are able to control symptoms can greatly facilitate the selection of appropriate treatment.Aim. The study aimed at assessing strategies to cope with pain by patients suffering from neuropathic pain.Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 60 patients of the Pain Management Unit aged of 25–80 years suffering from neuropathic pain. The study was performed with the use of Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) as well as a survey of own design.Results. The average intensity of pain in the study group was 7.88 in VAS (±1.64). The most widely used strategy for dealing with pain in the study group was Praying (av. 3.3±1.1), whereas on the second place was Catastrophizing (av. 3.1±1.6). The patients over the age of 60 are significantly more likely to apply those strategies than younger patients. The other strategies were applied above all by the patients below 60.Conclusions. The most often applied strategies in the study group was Praying and Catastrophizing. The choice of strategies for coping with pain varied depending on age, to lesser extend it was conditioned the gender. (JNNN 2016;5(1):10–15)
Selected Aspects of the Quality of Life of Patients After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Bodzek Sabina , Franek Grażyna , Nowak Kapusta Zofia
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Ischemic stroke is the main cause of disability, it worsens the quality of life of patients and often leads to death.Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of patients after ischemic stroke, as well as to identify the factors that determine it.Material and Methods. The study included 53 patients within the period ranging from 6 to 12 months after the first occurrence of ischemic stroke and meeting the inclusion criteria for the study. The quality of life was examined by author questionnaire survey, based on the Barthel Scale, WHOQOL-BREF Scale and the Polish adaptation of the Stroke-Specific Scale Quality of Life (Polish: SJŻUM). The questionnaire consists of 12 subscales, being the components of three the main areas: physical, psychological and socio-environmental.Results. The quality of life after ischemic brain stroke deteriorates. In the physical sphere the biggest restrictions apply to upper limb functioning (with the average M=3.77) and self-service (with the average M=3.83), in the psychological field they refer to emotions (the average M=3.93), and in the socio-environmental sphere to the social role (with the average M=2.79). The average of the results obtained in each of those fields shows that the best results were obtained in the field of psychology.Conclusions. The variables that determine the quality of life include: age, the level of education, marital status, the side of brain damage, economic status, the level of knowledge. (JNNN 2016;5(2):69–75)
Analysis of the Impact of Selected Anesthetic Agents on Neurobehavioral State of a Newborn
Authors: Pilch Dorota , Rudnicki Jacek , Safranow Krzysztof , Grochans Elżbieta
Published: January 2017

Introduction. An increasing percentage of children are born through C-sections. Both mother and child are exposed to potential obstetric, anesthesia and neonatal complications. Hypoxia associated with obstetric or anesthetic complications can lead to fetal hypoxia, and induce adaptation difficulties in the postpartum period or permanent developmental disorders. Knowledge of issues related to the perioperative care of the mother and child will minimize complications and provide high-quality care.Aim. The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of opioids in analgesia and hypotension during C-section on neonatal neurobehavioral state.Material and Methods. The study involved 102 mothers and their babies born by C-section. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of PUM. The inclusion criterion was the lack of systemic diseases in the mother and the gestational age over 36 weeks. All mothers were subarachnoidally anesthetized for the labor. Newborns after two days of life were assessed by NBAS (Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale).Results. Neonatal reflexes in the study group were normal. Newborns of mothers who were added fentanyl to anesthesia, did not differ in behavior from the others (p>0.05). After adding Morphini Sulfas 0.1% Spinal to anesthesia there were observed statistically significant differences in the behavior of newborns, compared to infants whose mothers did not receive it, in terms of sound stimulus habituation (p=0.04) in favor of those whose mothers received MF Spinal intrathecally. Children of mothers anaesthetized without the addition of MF Spinal presented higher self-calming abilities than the others (p=0.03). The ability of calming down differed infants of mothers whose blood pressure declined during anesthesia (p=0.04).Conclusions. Subarachnoid anesthesia with opioid supplementation for C-section as well as an anesthesia-related decrease in blood pressure slightly affected neurobehavioral state of infants born by C-section comparing to those whose mothers had not received opioids intraspinally and had not experienced a blood pressure decrease. (JNNN 2016;5(3):92–98)
Brain Structure and Function Associated with Younger Adults in Growth Hormone Receptor-Deficient Humans
Authors: Nashiro Kaoru , Guevara-Aguirre Jaime , Braskie Meredith N. , Hafzalla George W. , Velasco Rico , Balasubramanian Priya , Wei Min , Thompson Paul M. , Mather Mara , Nelson Marvin D. , Guevara Alexandra , Teran Enrique , Longo Valter D.
Published: January 2017

Growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD) results in short stature, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and low circulating levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Previous studies in mice and humans suggested that GHRD has protective effects against age-related diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Whereas GHRD mice show improved age-dependent cognitive performance, the effect of GHRD on human cognition remains unknown. Using MRI, we compared brain structure, function, and connectivity between 13 people with GHRD and 12 unaffected relatives. We assessed differences in white matter microstructural integrity, hippocampal volume, subregional volumes, and cortical thickness and surface area of selected regions. We also evaluated brain activity at rest and during a hippocampal-dependent pattern separation task. The GHRD group had larger surface areas in several frontal and cingulate regions and showed trends toward larger dentate gyrus and CA1 regions of the hippocampus. They had lower mean diffusivity in the genu of the corpus callosum and the anterior thalamic tracts. The GHRD group showed enhanced cognitive performance and greater task-related activation in frontal, parietal, and hippocampal regions compared with controls. Furthermore, they had greater functional synchronicity of activity between the precuneus and the rest of the default mode network at rest. The results suggest that, compared with controls, GHRD subjects have brain structure and function that are more consistent with those observed in younger adults reported in previous studies. Further investigation may lead to improved understanding of underlying mechanisms and could contribute to the identification of treatments for age-related cognitive deficits.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeople and mice with growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD or Laron syndrome) are protected against age-related diseases including cancer and diabetes. However, in humans, it is unknown whether cognitive function and brain structure are affected by GHRD. Using MRI, we examined cognition in an Ecuadorian population with GHRD and their unaffected relatives. The GHRD group showed better memory performance than their relatives. The differences in brain structure and function that we saw between the two groups were not consistent with variations typically associated with brain deficits. This study contributes to our understanding of the connection between growth genes and brain aging in humans and provides data indicating that GHR inhibition has the potential to protect against age-dependent cognitive decline.
Entre a Pesquisa e a Militância na Subárea da Comunicação Popular, Alternativa e Comunitária
Authors: Otre Maria Alice Campagnoli
Published: January 2017

Trata-se de um excerto da tese de doutorado da autora que analisou as dissertações e teses referentes à subárea da comunicação popular, alternativa e comunitária desenvolvidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação stricto sensu no Brasil, de 1972 a 2012. Neste recorte, que analisa apenas as teses de doutorado da subárea e do período apontados, discute-se o papel do conhecimento científico para a transformação social e o posicionamento do pesquisador – militante ou não – nas teses estudadas. Este artigo se vale de pesquisa bibliográfica, revisão das teses e análise de conteúdo. Com relação à militância dos pesquisadores com a causa da comunicação popular, 60% explicitaram suas contribuições aos movimentos populares, 13% disseram não militar pela causa e 27% não deixaram clara sua posição. Dentre os pesquisadores-ativistas, há um esforço de apresentar as técnicas de coletas de dados de forma a garantir distanciamento entre sua militância e o objeto analisado em suas pesquisas. Há ainda de maneira marcante para a subárea, a visão de que o conhecimento científico deve estar a serviço da transformação social.
Economía Política de la Comunicación e Industrias Culturales: apuntes sobre su vigencia actual
Authors: Mastrini Guillermo
Published: January 2017

Este texto analiza la trayectoria que la Economía Política de la Comunicación (EPC) y sus principales autores, tanto americanos como europeos, han ido experimentando desde mediados del siglo XX. Habla de cómo la parte crucial de la EPC es desentrañar las lógicas políticas, económicas y sociales presentes en las industrias culturales; y de cómo el concepto de industrias culturales se torna clave en todo el desarrollo de esta perspectiva. Incluso desde antes del nacimiento de la EPC, el desarrollo conceptual que ofrecen Horkheimer y Adorno de la industria cultural es imprescindible para el desarrollo de la teoría. Desde un análisis crítico, la EPC se convierte en esencial sobre todo desde que el sector de la comunicación ha incrementando su participación en la economía mundial. La aparición de ‘journals’ o la consolidación de secciones específicas de EPC en los encuentros internacionales (IAMCR) así lo demuestra. Más adelante, la incursión del término industria creativa (popularizado por el gobierno de Tony Blair en 2000) ha sido muy criticado por los principales teóricos de la EPC. Pero hoy en día, se plantea la necesidad de nuevas visiones y nuevos abordajes de análisis tomando los nuevos conceptos de industrias culturales y creativas como una de las posibles puertas de entrada para aproximarse al fenómeno comunicacional, pero teniendo la precaución de no generalizar ni de borrar la especificidad de la cultura.
KONSENTRASI AMONIA DAN NITRIT PADA PEMELIHARAAN LARVA UDANG PUTIH (Litopenaeus vannamei) DENGAN PEMBERIAN FITOPLANKTON YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Sari Nira , Muawanah Muawanah , Kuswadi Kuswadi , Haryono Tri
Published: January 2017

Alga bersel satu yang sering digunakan sebagai pakan larva udang antara lain: Chaetoceros sp., Thalassionema sp., dan Skeletonema costatum. Pakan alami tersebut ditambah tepung spirulina diberikan setelah larva udang mencapai stadia Zoea I sampai dengan Mysis 2 diberikan ke larva udang dengan cara menebar serbuk tepung ke bak pemeliharaan sebanyak 1—1,5 g/m3. Stadia Mysis 3 sampai dengan post larva I selain tepung spirulina juga diberi tambahan pakan rotifer. Kondisi seperti itu akan menghasilkan limbah organik berupa amonia dan nitrit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati kandungan amonia dan nitrit pada pemeliharaan larva udang L. vannamei dengan pemberian pakan alami yang berbeda. Kandungan amonia dengan perlakuan pakan Chaetoceros sp. maupun Skeletonema costatum menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda, namun masing-masing masih di bawah kadar maksimun untuk pemeliharaan hewan akuatik 0,5 mg/L. Kandungan nitrit pada perlakuan pakan Chaetoceros sp. memiliki nilai yang lebih rendah yaitu 0,010—0,179 mg/L dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pakan Skeletonema costatum yang memiliki nilai yang melewati kadar maksimum yaitu 0,01—0,05 mg/L. Kisaran nilainya yaitu 0,016—0,219 mg/L untuk pemeliharaan larva udang vannamei.
PROSES PREPARASI EKSTRAK KASAR (CRUDE EXTRACT) ETANOL DARI MAKROALGA UNTUK UJI FARMAKOLOGI
Authors: Iswani Sri
Published: January 2017

Proses preparasi ekstrak kasar (crude extract) etanol dari beberapa jenis makroalga, dilakukan untuk menyediakan bahan baku dasar dalam penelitian uji farmakologi baik secara in vitro maupun in vivo. Proses yang dilakukan meliputi: teknik sampling, maserasi dengan etanol 96% (pelarut organik food grade), filtrasi, evaporasi, dan liofilisasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan persentase rendemen ekstrak kasar (crude extract) etanol dari beberapa jenis makroalga berkisar antara 2%—3%.
KEBIJAKAN PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI ENERGI USAHA PENANGKAPAN TUNA CAKALANG TONGKOL (TCT) DI INDONESIA TIMUR
Authors: Suryanto Suryanto , Adi T.R. , Watupongoh Navy , Nugroho Duto , Akbar Muhamad Adha
Published: January 2017

Untuk mendukung Rencana Aksi Nasional Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK), maka diperlukan kebijakan “peningkatan efisiensi energi usaha penangkapan tuna cakalang tongkol di Indonesia Timur” yang didominasi oleh armada pole and line dan hand line. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi dalam rangka menurunkan carbon footprint yang dihasilkan oleh usaha penangkapan tuna cakalang tongkol di Indonesia Timur serta analisis kebijakannya. Isu dan permasalahan dikaji berdasarkan hasil penelitian, yang dilakukan dengan metode wawancara dan pengukuran insitu konsumsi BBM serta melakukan Focus Group Discussion dengan stakeholders terkait. Penelitian mendapatkan rerata jejak karbon usaha penangkapan armada pole and line dan handline didaerah tersebut adalah 0,6813 dan 0,9425 ton CO2 eq /ton hasil tangkapan Kajian menghasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan yang terdiri dari: penyusunan baseline emisi GRK usaha perikanan Nasional, meningkatkan efisiensi energi melalui pembuatan energy efficiency index kapal ikan Nasional, pelatihan manajemen operasional kapal, penggunaan sistem penyimpanan es balok yang lebih baik, pembentukan kelompok nelayan umpan hidup dan pengembangan teknik penangkapan handline yang lebih efisien.In order to support National action plan for the reduction of green house gas (GHG) emissions, a policy on “the improvement of energy efficiency for tuna, skipjack and kawa-kawa fisheries of eastern Indonesia dominated by pole and line and hand line fleets, is required. The purpose of this study is to improve energy efficiency in order to reduce carbon footprint generated by the above fisheries as well as its policy analysis. Issues and problems are reviewed based on the research results conducted by interview, in-situ measurement of fuel consumption, and conducting focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders. The research shows, carbon footprint of pole and line and hand line fleets in eastern Indonesia are 0.6813 and 0.9425 tons CO2 eq / ton of catches respectively. The study resulted in a policy recommendations that consist of the development of GHG emission baseline for National fisheries, training of fishing vessel operational management, the use of better storage system of ice blocks, the development of live bait aquaculture groups and the development of more efficient hand line fishing techniques.
Profil Penalaran Siswa SMP dalam Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Ditinjau dari Perbedaan Gender
Authors: Susilowati Jati Putri Asih
Published: January 2017

This research describes reasoning behind gender difference on problem solving. Subject of this reseach are two grade VIII students (male and female). Data in this research was analyzed using time triangulation. The reasoning based on student’s logic. Result of this study indicates that profile of reasoning junior high school students in solving math problems. For male, (1) understanding problems given, (2) linking the problems with the understanding of previously owned, (3) linking understanding possessed by the problems, and (4) conducting re-examination of the results obtained, but for female, (1) understanding the given problem, (2) planning problem solving by linking the formula that has been owned by the problems encountered, (3) implementing a plan of problem solving and reveal the reasons to use the formula, and (4) checking the solution obtained by checking the answer back.
Penerapan Pendekatan Matematika Realistik Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa
Authors: Sarbiyono Sarbiyono
Published: January 2017

This paper discusses of difference to increasing ability of mathematical problem solving of students who obtain realistic mathematics approach and students who received conventional methods. Subject of this research are X.I as experimental class and X.G as controls class, in which every class consist of 40 students. The instrument used to measure the ability of a test of problem solving is a five essay test. While the analysis used in the study were different test average. The conclusion of this study are: mathematical problem solving ability of students who obtain realistic mathematics learning is higher than the mathematical problem solving ability of students who acquire learning by conventional methods.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Pembentukan Kelompok Cooperative Learning Menggunakan Visual Basic
Authors: Kurniawan Agus Prasetyo
Published: January 2017

This study aim to develop an application using visual basic programming to facilitate the formation of cooperative groups and to investigate the validity, effectiveness, and practicality of the development of this application. This research method including R&D performed with 6 stage, consists of: the potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, improved of design, and test products. The results showed that the yield of the IT media expert validation amounted to 82.5% and validation of learning experts is 92.86%. In addition, the results of the questionnaire responses test of subjects each amounted 83.33% for the first test subjects and 91.67% for the second test subjects. Seeing these findings, it can be concluded that the application of cooperative learning group formation using visual basic can be said to be very feasible to be used as a tool for the establishment of cooperative learning groups.
O JOGO E A "ESCOLA NOVA" NO CONTEXTO DA SALA DE AULA: MACEIÓ, 1927-1931
Authors: Grillo Rogério de Melo ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, Prodócimo Elaine , Góis Junior Edivaldo
Published: January 2017

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever os discursos de intelectuais da educação brasileira, concernente ao jogo na escola, nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. Para tanto, o estudo teve como fonte artigos publicados na Revista de Ensino (1927-1931). O corpo documental foi constituído por 24 edições do periódico, publicado no Brasil, especificamente, em Maceió/AL, no período de 1927 a 1931. Esse recorte temporal evidencia uma época de profunda transformação na educação brasileira, já que se dava início à inclusão das ideias escolanovistas em vários estados do país. Ademais, a análise dos documentos supracitados fundamentou a construção de uma narrativa, que contextualiza as concepções de jogo na escola, segundo o debate escolanovista brasileiro. Ressalta-se que tais concepções vislumbram discursos sobre o jogo como um importante recurso didático e meio de escamotear os conteúdos escolares, mediante um "ensino lúdico" centrado na criança.
O LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE GEOGRAFIA: ESTUDO DA LINGUAGEM CARTOGRÁFICA SOB O FOCO DA FORMAÇÃO DA CONSCIÊNCIA ESPACIAL CIDADÃ
Authors: Prado Clodoaldo José Bueno do , Carneiro Sônia Maria Marchiorato
Published: January 2017

RESUMO: O artigo relata pesquisa realizada sobre o livro didático de Geografia dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental (6º ao 9º ano) quanto à linguagem cartográfica. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, como análise documental, avaliando a relação dos mapas com textos discursivos e atividades, sob o foco da consciência espacial cidadã. O referencial teórico assumiu uma concepção de Educação Geográfica comprometida com a cidadania; e as representações cartográficas enquanto instrumentais metodológicos carreadores das relações de conteúdos com a especialidade geográfica. Os resultados evidenciaram que a Coleção apresenta os elementos essenciais dos mapas, apesar de ocorrerem incorreções e insuficiências, também na articulação de textos e atividades com mapas; e há incongruências entre a teoria e a prática quanto à concepção de Geografia na Coleção, trazendo no Guia do Docente uma visão mais atualizada e voltada à formação da cidadania e, nos livros dos alunos, uma perspectiva tradicional, informativo-descritiva.
EXPANSÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR E FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NOS ESTADOS DO PARÁ E DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE
Authors: Camargo Arlete Maria Monte de ,   Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil, Castro Alda Maria Duarte Araújo ,   Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Published: January 2017

RESUMO: O artigo apresenta uma análise da expansão da educação superior em cursos de formação de professores em uma das possíveis organizações institucionais previstas pela Lei nº 9.394/1996, as universidades. Procura comparar a realidade dos estados do Pará e do Rio Grande do Norte, por meio de dados estatísticos, no período compreendido entre 2003 e 2010, a partir de consulta à base de dados do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP). Os resultados evidenciam que ainda prevalece a oferta majoritária de cursos de licenciatura nas universidades, considerando-se o número total de matrículas e vagas ofertadas, apesar da ampliação desses quantitativos em faculdades, centros universitários e institutos federais. Isso indica que a tarefa de formação de professores vem sendo assumida por instituições que não têm tradição nessa área.
EVALUATION OF LYMPHATIC SPREAD, VISCERAL METASTASIS AND TUMORAL LOCAL INVASION IN ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMAS
Authors: TUSTUMI Francisco ,   Cancer Institute of São Paulo State,  Brazil, KIMURA Cintia Mayumi Sakurai , TAKEDA Flavio Roberto , SALLUM Rubens Antônio Aissar , RIBEIRO-JUNIOR Ulysses , CECCONELLO Ivan
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT Background: Knowing esophageal tumors behavior in relationship to lymph node involvement, distant metastases and local tumor invasion is of paramount importance for the best esophageal tumors management. Aim: To describe lymph node involvement, distant metastases, and local tumor invasion in esophageal carcinoma, according to tumor topography and histology. Methods: A total of 444 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 105 adenocarcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided into four groups: adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the three esophageal segments: cervical, middle, and distal. They were compared based on their CT scans at the time of the diagnosis. Results: Nodal metastasis showed great relationship with of primary tumor site. Lymph nodes of hepatogastric, perigastric and peripancreatic ligaments were mainly affected in distal tumors. Periaortic, interaortocaval and portocaval nodes were more commonly found in distal squamous carcinoma; subcarinal, paratracheal and subaortic nodes in middle; neck chains were more affected in cervical squamous carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma had a higher frequency of peritoneal involvement (11.8%) and liver (24.5%) than squamous cell carcinoma. Considering the local tumor invasion, the more cranial neoplasia, more common squamous invasion of airways, reaching 64.7% in the incidence of cervical tumors. Middle esophageal tumors invade more often aorta (27.6%) and distal esophageal tumors, the pericardium and the right atrium (10.4%). Conclusion: Esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in different topographies present peculiarities in lymph node involvement, distant metastasis and local tumor invasion. These differences must be taken into account in esophageal cancer patients' care.
GROWTH FACTORS AND COX2 IN WOUND HEALING: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY WITH EHRLICH TUMORS
Authors: SALGADO Flávio L. L. ,   Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, ARTIGIANI-NETO Ricardo , LOPES-FILHO Gaspar de Jesus
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT Background: Healing is an innate biological phenomenon, and carcinogenesis acquired, but with common humoral and cellular elements. Carcinogenesis interferes negatively in healing. Aim: To evaluate the histological changes in laparotomy scars of healthy Balb/c mice and with an Ehrlich tumor in its various forms of presentation. Methods: Fifty-four mice were divided into three groups of 18 animals. First group was the control; the second had Ehrlich tumor with ascites; and the third had the subcutaneous form of this tumor. Seven days after tumor inoculation, all 54 mice were submitted to laparotomy. All of the animals in the experiment were operated on again on 7th day after surgery, with resection of the scar and subsequent euthanasia of the animal. The scars were sent for histological assessment using immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate Cox-2 (cyclooxygenase 2), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor). Semi-quantitatively analysis was done in the laparotomy scars and in the abdominal walls far away from the site of the operation. Results: Assessing the weight of the animals, the correct inoculation of the tumor and weight gain in the group with tumoral ascites was observed. The histological studies showed that groups with the tumor showed a statistically significant higher presence of Cox-2 compared to the control. In the Cox-2 analysis of the abdominal wall, the ascites group showed the most significant difference. VEGF did not present any significant differences between the three groups, regardless of the site. The FGF showed a significant increase in animals with the tumor. Conclusion: Histological findings in both laparotomy scar and the abdominal wall showed that with Ehrlich's neoplasia there was an exacerbated inflammatory response, translated by more intense expression of Cox-2 and greater fibroblast proliferation, translated by more intense expression of FGF, that is, it stimulated both the immediate inflammatory reactions, observed with Cox-2 reactions, and late scarring by fibroblasts and FGF.
CORRELATION OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE AND FEATURES OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS IN THE PREOPERATIVE ASSESSMENT FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: BARROS Fernando de ,   Andarai Federal Hospital,  Brazil, SETÚBAL Sergio , MARTINHO José Manoel , FERRAZ Loraine , GAUDÊNCIO Andressa ,   FIOCRUZ,  Brazil,   Fluminense Federal University,  Brazil,   Fluminense Federal University,  Brazil
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT Background: Obesity is an epidemic and chronic disease that can bring other comorbidities to the patient. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is present in up to 90% of these patients and can progress to hepatitis and hepatocarcinoma. The relationship of this liver disease and obesity is already well known; however, it is possible that some parameters of the comorbidities are more related than others in the pathophysiology of the disease. Aim: Was analyzed the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the comorbidities of metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese patients. Methods: Was involved ultrasonography and laboratory assessment of obese patients before bariatric surgery. NAFLD was assessed using the same sonography parameters for all patients. Based on the results, the patients were divided into groups with and without NAFLD. Comparisons between them involved clinical and laboratory variables such as fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance), glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, C-reactive protein, albumin and ferritin. Patients who reported alcohol abuse (defined as the consumption of >14 drinks per week) or who had hepatitis were excluded. Results: Eighty-two patients (74 women and 8 men) were studied, of whom 53 (64.6%) had NAFLD and 29 (35.4%) did not. The levels of glycated hemoglobin (p=0.05) and LDL cholesterol (p=0.01) were significantly altered in patients with NAFLD. However, weight, body mass index and excess weight did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.835, p=0.488 and p=0.727, respectively). Conclusions: Altered LDL cholesterol and glycated hemoglobin levels were related to the presence of NAFLD.
AN INNOVATIVE EX-VIVO MODEL FOR RAPID CHANGE OF THE PAPILLA FOR TEACHING ADVANCED ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY PROCEDURES
Authors: ARTIFON Everson L.A. , NAKADOMARI Thaisa S. , KASHIWAGUI Leandro Y. , BELMONTE Emilio A. , SOLAK Cláudio R. , CHENG Spencer , FURUYA Jr Carlos K. , OTOCH Jose P.
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT Background: Models for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography training allow practice with an expert feedback and without risks. A method to rapidly exchange the papilla can be time saving and accelerate the learning curve. Aim: To demonstrate a newly method of rapid exchange papilla in ex-vivo models to teach retrograde cholangiopancreatography advanced procedures. Methods: A new model of ex-vivo papilla was developed in order to resemble live conditions of procedures as cannulation, papilotomy or fistula-papilotomy, papiloplasty, biliary dilatation, plastic and metallic stentings. Results: The ex-vivo model of papilla rapid exchange is feasible and imitates with realism conditions of retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures. Conclusion: This model allows an innovative method of advanced endoscopic training.
SERUM LEPTIN LEVENS AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA: REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: ANDRIGHETTO Luiza Vitelo ,   Moinhos de Vento Hospital,  Brazil, POZIOMYCK Aline Kirjner ,   Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul,  Brazil
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most frequent types of malignant tumors in the world. There is growing evidence of the relationship between it development and obesity. The mechanism that links obesity to cancer is still not fully understood; however, it is essential to the understanding the adipose tissue in metabolic changes related to obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma. Objective: To review the influence of serum leptin levels in patients with hepatocelular carcinoma. Method: Systematic review of the literature based on the methodology of the Cochrane Institute. The search for articles was in the database: Science Direct, Scielo, Medline, Lilacs e Pubmed. The key words used were hepatocellular carcinoma, leptin, adipokine. Results: After evaluation of individual studies, were selected seven studies. The results previously studied are still inconsistent and contradictory, and leptin can be effectively involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to develop prospective, well-designed and conducted focusing on the role and specific mechanisms of this hormone in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, so that new correlations can be properly supported.
ROBOTIC SURGERY: BIOETHICAL ASPECTS
Authors: SIQUEIRA-BATISTA Rodrigo ,   Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, SOUZA Camila Ribeiro , MAIA Polyana Mendes , SIQUEIRA Sávio Lana ,   Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil,   Dynamics Faculty of Piranga Valley, Brazil
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of robots in surgery has been increasingly common today, allowing the emergence of numerous bioethical issues in this area. Objective: To present review of the ethical aspects of robot use in surgery. Method: Search in Pubmed, SciELO and Lilacs crossing the headings "bioethics", "surgery", "ethics", "laparoscopy" and "robotic". Results: Of the citations obtained, were selected 17 articles, which were used for the preparation of the article. It contains brief presentation on robotics, its inclusion in health and bioethical aspects, and the use of robots in surgery. Conclusion: Robotic surgery is a reality today in many hospitals, which makes essential bioethical reflection on the relationship between health professionals, automata and patients.
Estimate of genetic parameters for carcass traits and visual scores inmeat sheep using Bayesian inference via threshold and linear models
Authors: Figueiredo Filho Luiz Antonio Silva , Sarmento José Lindenberg Rocha , Ó Alan Oliveira do , Santos Natanael Pereira da Silva , Sena Luciano Silva , Sousa Júnior Antonio de
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to estimate the variance components and genetic parameters for marbling in the ribeye area (MRA) and body condition score (BCS) using Bayesian inference via mixed linear and threshold animal models. Data were obtained from Santa Ines breed sheep reared in the Brazilian Mid-North region. Analyses considering the Monte Carlo methods were performed with Markov chains from 500000 cycles onward. A 200000-cycle initial burn-in was considered with values taken at every 250 cycles, in a total of 1200 samples. The Monte Carlo Error deviations were low for the means heritability in all chains by both linear and threshold models. Additive variances estimated by threshold model were higher than those estimated by the linear model. Marble meat from the ribeye area and body condition score can be used as selection criteria to obtain genetic progress in Santa Inês sheep.