Voice condition assessment and the effect of rehabilitation in vocal professionals
Authors: Bunijevac Mila , Maksimović Zlatko , Mikić Andrijana 
Published: September 2022

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid4&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 364.425px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.07883);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid5&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 486.074px; top: 364.425px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.97919);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; The human voice is an important characteristic that &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid6&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 384.425px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.03314);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;enables the distinction of human from other living beings. Oth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid8&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 404.425px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.967918);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;erwise, it represents a picture of a person ́s personality, his health, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid9&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 424.425px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.942107);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;mental and emotional state. The research aims are to determine the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid10&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 444.425px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923554);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;voice characteristics of vocal professionals with diagnosed vocal cord &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid11&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 464.425px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.973387);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;nodules by subjective voice assessment and objective voice mea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid13&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 484.425px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.948518);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;surement before and after vocal rehabilitation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid14&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 513.874px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(1.02738);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Methods&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid15&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 457.792px; top: 513.874px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.923759);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; This study has involved 25 examinees, aged 23 to 56. The &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid16&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 533.874px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.926838);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;subjective voice assessment was conducted with the Voice Handicap &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid17&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 553.874px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.935141);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Index - VHI questionnaire and the objective voice measurement by a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid18&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 573.874px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.928752);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;computerized laboratory for voice analysis &amp;lsquo;&amp;rsquo;Kay Elemetrics&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;. The ob&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid20&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 593.874px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.920087);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;tained data were processed using descriptive and analytical statistics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid21&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 623.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.964007);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid22&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 445.692px; top: 623.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.976156);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Before the vocal rehabilitation and the subjective and ob&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid24&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 643.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.920169);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;jective voice measurements, the examinees had greater psychosocial &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid25&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 663.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.991146);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;difficulties associated with their voice quality. After two months of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid26&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 683.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.949167);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;vocal rehabilitation, there has been a significant improvement in the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid27&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 703.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.967344);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;voice of all subjects on the VHI scale. A statistically significant and &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid28&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 723.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.959876);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;highly statistically significant improvement have been noticed in six &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid29&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 743.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.951387);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;out of seven analyzed parameters of vocal A, by the objective mea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid31&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 763.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.955025);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;surement of voice. Namely, the obtained values - the percentage of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid32&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 783.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.969856);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;jitter Jitt (%), the percentage of shimmer Shim (%), the relative av&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid34&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 803.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.959068);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;erage perturbation value RAP (%) and the coefficient of fundamen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid36&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 823.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.959144);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;tal frequency variation - vFo were highly statistically significant (p &amp;lt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid37&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 843.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.947273);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;0.01). The VTI - voice turbulence index and the SPI - soft phonation &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid38&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 863.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.944808);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;index also improved, the observed difference was statistically signif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid40&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 883.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.935085);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;icant (p &amp;lt; 0.05), while the observed difference in the FTRI parameter &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid41&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 903.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.932095);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;was not statistically significant (p &amp;gt; 0.05). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid41&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 903.323px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.932095);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid42&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 932.772px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.994541);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid43&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 474.108px; top: 932.772px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.95514);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Vocal rehabilitation has influenced the improvement of &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid44&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 952.772px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.944559);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;the voice quality, which means that the results obtained by objective &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid45&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 972.772px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.93026);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;voice measurements were more in accordance with the results of the &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;page741R_mcid46&quot; class=&quot;markedContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;left: 392.126px; top: 992.772px; font-size: 16.6667px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.916426);&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot;&gt;subjective voice assessment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;