bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave‐assisted preparation of fatty acid esters based eco‐friendly plasticizers for biologically‐active thiazole‐functionalized PVC
Authors: Aboghoniem Asmaa M. , Youssef Mohamed A. , Darwish Osama M. , Gaballah Samir T. , Rabie Samira T.
Published: June 2022

Two thiazole derivatives namely, ethyl 2‐((4‐hydroxyphenyl)amino)thiazole‐4‐carboxylate (A) and 4‐(4‐(4‐chlorophenyl)thiazol‐2‐yl)amino) phenol (B) were prepared using Huntzich thiazole method. These derivatives were used to functionalize poly(vinyl chloride), to give two antimicrobial compounds PVC‐A and PVC‐B, respectively for possible use in biomedical applications. P1, P2, and P3 are three ethylene glycol esters of stearic, octanoic, and oleic fatty acids were prepared by microwave irradiation as an alternative to traditional phthalate plasticizers for the development of flexible and phthalate‐free antimicrobial polymers. The chemical structures of the functionalized PVC samples were confirmed using FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. Thermal and photostability of PVC‐A and PVC‐B were determined by thermogravimetric analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The results revealed that the functionalized PVC had higher thermal and photo stabilities than the unmodified PVC. The effects of plasticizers on the thermal stability and mechanical properties of functionalized PVC samples, as well as plasticizer migration from the polymeric matrix, were studied. The physicochemical properties of the modified PVC were improved by adding the prepared fatty acids plasticizers. The extent of plasticizer migration from the polymeric matrix was less than that of diethylhexylphthalate, the reference plasticizer. The antibacterial activity of the two prepared thiazoles, their functionalized PVC samples, and PVC blended with the prepared thiazoles was tested against Gram+ve and Gram−ve bacteria as well as Candida albicans, a fungus strain. The antibacterial activity of the investigated samples revealed that all of the samples had a stronger inhibitory effect against the microorganisms that were tested.
Insect Resistance
Authors: Tadesse Wuletaw , Harris Marion , Crespo-Herrera Leonardo A. , Mori Boyd A. , Kehel Zakaria , El Bouhssini Mustapha
Published: June 2022

Studies to-date have shown the availability of enough genetic diversity in the wheat genetic resources (land races, wild relatives, cultivars, etc.) for resistance to the most economically important insect pests such as Hessian fly, Russian wheat aphid, greenbug, and Sun pest. Many R genes – including 37 genes for Hessian fly, 11 genes for Russian wheat aphid and 15 genes for greenbug – have been identified from these genetic resources. Some of these genes have been deployed singly or in combination with other genes in the breeding programs to develop high yielding varieties with resistance to insects. Deployment of resistant varieties with other integrated management measures plays key role for the control of wheat insect pests.
Trends in Breast Augmentation Research: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ri CholSik , Yu Jiang , Mao JiaXin , Zhao MuXin
Published: June 2022

Background

Breast augmentation is one of the most demanded procedures in plastic surgery and one of the most commonly performed by plastic surgeons. However, a bibliometric analysis of breast augmentation has not been published in recent years. The current study aimed to use a bibliometric analysis to conduct a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of breast augmentation research and provide the research trends and hotspots in this field.

Methods

Publications on breast augmentation research were extracted from the Web of Science core collection database. VOSviewer 1.6.18 was used to assess co-authorship, co-occurrence, citation of countries, institutions, authors, and journals, as well as hotspot keywords.

Results

On February 8, 2022, 4637 records of breast augmentation research published from 1985 to 2021 were collected. The bulk of the retrieved studies were original research articles (n = 2235, 48.20%). A total of 1053 (22.71%) papers were open access. The annual publication output increased annually. The USA was the driving force in this field and had a strong academic reputation. The top-contributing institution was the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (2.37%, with 110 publications). Plastic and reconstructive surgery (998 publications, 21.52%) published the most research in this field and was also the most frequently co-cited journal (22,351 citations, total link strength (TLS): 409,301). Clemens MW (68 publications, 1.47%) was the most prolific author, and Spear SL (1456 citations, TLS: 27,231) was the most frequently co-cited author. The research hotspots included the following four aspects: safety and effectiveness of breast implants, implant-based breast reconstruction, breast cancer incidence after breast implantation, and breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). The research trends were BIA-ALCL, implant-based breast reconstruction, BREAST-Q, acellular dermal matrix, capsular contracture, and autologous fat grafting.

Conclusion

The present study provides a panoramic view of breast augmentation research in plastic and reconstructive surgery. This novel comprehensive bibliometric analysis can help researchers and nonresearchers alike to rapidly identify the potential partners, research hotspots, and research trends within their areas of interest.

Level of Evidence III

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Hierarchical clustering and matrix completion for the reconstruction of world input–output tables
Authors: Metulini Rodolfo , Gnecco Giorgio , Biancalani Francesco , Riccaboni Massimo
Published: June 2022

Multi-regional input–output (I/O) matrices provide the networks of within- and cross-country economic relations. In the context of I/O analysis, the methodology adopted by national statistical offices in data collection raises the issue of obtaining reliable data in a timely fashion and it makes the reconstruction of (parts of) the I/O matrices of particular interest. In this work, we propose a method combining hierarchical clustering and matrix completion with a LASSO-like nuclear norm penalty, to predict missing entries of a partially unknown I/O matrix. Through analyses based on both real-world and synthetic I/O matrices, we study the effectiveness of the proposed method to predict missing values from both previous years data and current data related to countries similar to the one for which current data are obscured. To show the usefulness of our method, an application based on World Input–Output Database (WIOD) tables—which are an example of industry-by-industry I/O tables—is provided. Strong similarities in structure between WIOD and other I/O tables are also found, which make the proposed approach easily generalizable to them.
Klimaschutz im Verkehrssektor: Klimaorientiertes und sozial gerechtes Marktdesign
Authors: Kasten Peter
Published: June 2022

Der Verkehrssektor hinkt seit 30 Jahren im Klimaschutz hinterher. Gesellschaft, Industrie und Politik stehen vor entsprechend großen Herausforderungen, um die Klimaschutzziele der nächsten Jahre zu erreichen. Eine Antriebs- sowie Mobilitätswende ist hierfür erforderlich. Ein klimaorientiertes und sozial gerechteres Marktdesign ist nicht nur möglich, sondern auch notwendig. Es bleibt aber fraglich, ob und wie die im Koalitionsvertrag gesetzten Ziele für den Klimaschutz im Verkehrssektor erreicht werden.
Brauchen wir CO2-Schattenpreise für öffentliche Ausgaben?
Authors: Löschel Andreas , Schulze David
Published: June 2022

Hohe Preise für den Ausstoß von klimaschädlichen Treibhausgasen sind ein effizienter Weg, um den Umstieg auf ein nachhaltiges Wachstumsmodell und die gesetzten Klimaziele zu erreichen. Trotz der Einführung von CO2-Preisen für Emissionen in Deutschland und Europa sind große Bereiche noch nicht von einer CO2-Bepreisung abgedeckt. Zusätzlich sind die Preise sehr wahrscheinlich zu niedrig, um die Zielerreichung im Klimaschutz zu sichern. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist die Einführung eines Schattenpreises auf Emissionen aus öffentlichen Beschaffungen und Investitionen ein weiterer Mechanismus, der die Energiewende unterstützen kann und auch indirekte Emissionseinsparungen finanziell attraktiv macht. Die zu erwartende Wirkung ist durch die niedrige Preisspanne, den kurzen Planungshorizont und die bisher eingeschränkte Anwendung auf Bundesausgaben begrenzt.
European Union’s Natura 2000 network: an effective tool for nature conservation? The relic pine forests of the Franconian Jura
Authors: Hemp Andreas , Philipp Christie , Hemp Claudia
Published: June 2022

Land use change and intensification are the most important direct drivers of decreasing biodiversity globally. Therefore, the European Union created the Natura 2000 network to protect endangered species and habitats. Here we are interested how the ambitious European goals are actually implemented studying a Natura 2000 habitat, the “Sarmatic steppe pine forests” (Code 91U0) in a national hotspot of biodiversity in Franconia (Germany). These forests are a relic of the postglacial warm stage, preserved by human land use since the Neolithic, but are now heavily declining due to abandonment of traditional land use practices. Applying a long-term monitoring over 30 years including all existing (> 600) stands and a Random Forest classification model, we show that less than a quarter of the area of 1990 and only about 1% of 1950 still exists. Immigration of spruce and beech and forest conversion was responsible for this massive loss, impacting the light-demanding species composition. However, nearly no conservation efforts were undertaken, and replanting with broadleaved trees is still ongoing even after the designation as protected habitat in 2008. Therefore, these forests demonstrate how land use change and intensification (i.e. global change) continuously endanger a habitat protected by national and European law.
Synthesis and assessment of poly(5-nitro-2-aminophenol) as a new scaling inhibitor to control the precipitation of CaCO3 and CaSO4 in solution
Authors: Hassan Hammed H. A. M. , Abd-El-Khalek Dalia E. , Fattah Marwa Abdel
Published: June 2022

The introduction of a -NO2 substituent in o-aminophenol would create an open-unit polymer suitable for different applications. We report the synthesis of poly(5-nitro-2-aminophenol) by aniline-catalyzed oxidative polymerization. The polymer structure was intensively characterized by spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, cyclic voltammetry, electrical conductivity and microscopic measurements such as SEM, TEM, TGA and DSC. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature of the substituents provided the formation of amphiphilicity, as judged by SEM. Thermal measurements reveal high stability up to 500 °C. Electrical conductivity decreases with increasing temperature at various frequencies. This behavior reflects the semiconducting nature in the extrinsic range, which is characterized by high carriers and low mobility. Dielectric measurements have shown that permittivity decreases gradually at lower levels, mainly due to the transport of charging carriers. Investigating the copolymer as a new scale blocker has resulted in moderate to high performance attributed to the change in polymer geometry because of the presence of different tautomers having equivalent ortho functionalities and could equally coordinate with free calcium ions and thus reduce the nucleation rate and block crystal growth. Thus, the abovementioned features indicate a new potential candidate for application as a scaling inhibitor of CaSO4 and CaCO3 precipitation, a common problem in industry.
Importance of water level management for peatland outflow water quality in the face of climate change and drought
Authors: Salimi Shokoufeh , Scholz Miklas
Published: June 2022

The impact of different climate scenarios, drought, and water level management on the outflow water quality of peatlands has been investigated. A mesocosm experiment has been conducted within climate control chambers to simulate current (2016–2019 real-time) and future representative concentration pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5). To assess the efficiency of a management strategy for improving peatland water quality, water level adjustment was applied to half of the system at the same time for each climate scenario. Furthermore, the mesocosm experienced the 2018 European drought during the simulation years, and the corresponding impact was analyzed. The results of this study revealed a substantial and favorable impact of water level management on water quality of peatlands under different climate scenarios. The effect of water level management was the largest for ammonium (NH4-N) and 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), and the smallest for total phosphorus (TP). Drought had a strong impact on chemical variables, increasing their concentration and deteriorating the water quality of peatland outflow. However, water level management can stabilize the nutrient levels in peatland outflows, particularly during drought and under warmer climate scenarios, thus mitigating the adverse effects of climate change.
Urine concentrations of selected trace metals in a cohort of Irish adults
Authors: Rooney James P. K. , Michalke Bernhard , Geoghegan Gráinne , Heverin Mark , Bose-O’Reilly Stephan , Hardiman Orla , Rakete Stefan
Published: June 2022

Human biomonitoring studies are of increasing importance in regulatory toxicology; however, there is a paucity of human biomonitoring data for the Irish population. In this study, we provide new data for urinary biomarker concentrations of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, manganese, lead and selenium. One hundred urine samples, collected between 2011 and 2014 from healthy participants of the EuroMOTOR project, were randomly selected. Metal concentrations were measured via ICPMS. Descriptive statistics for each of the metals stratified by gender were performed. There were 58 male and 42 female participants and metals were detectable for all samples. Geometric mean urinary concentrations for each metal in males were as follows: aluminium 8.5 μg/L, arsenic 8.1 μg/L, cadmium 0.3 μg/L, chromium 0.5 μg/L, copper 5.1 μg/L, mercury 0.4 μg/L, manganese 0.3 μg/L, lead 1.3 μg/L and selenium 10.8 μg/L; and in females: aluminium 8.5 μg/L, arsenic 10.2 μg/L, cadmium 0.4 μg/L, chromium 0.6 μg/L, copper 5.6 μg/L, mercury 0.3 μg/L, manganese 0.2 μg/L, lead 1.6 μg/L and selenium 13.7 μg/L. We observed higher geometric mean concentrations in women for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and selenium, with equal geometric mean concentrations for aluminium and manganese, leaving only mercury with lower geometric mean concentrations in women. Aluminium, cadmium, chromium, lead and urinary concentrations of metals were slightly elevated compared to European data, while for arsenic, copper, manganese and selenium, Irish levels were lower. Our findings highlight that there are differences in urinary metal concentrations between European populations.
Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost of repairing surgical scissors
Authors: Rizan Chantelle , Brophy Tom , Lillywhite Robert , Reed Malcom , Bhutta Mahmood F.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental impact and financial cost of repairing surgical scissors.

Methods

We used life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis to estimate environmental impacts and financial cost of repairing surgical scissors. The functional unit was one use of a reusable surgical scissor (manufactured in Germany and used in the UK), and three baseline scenarios were compared: no repair, onsite (hospital), and offsite (external contract) repair. This ‘cradle-to-grave’ analysis included raw material extraction, manufacture of scissors and materials within primary and secondary packaging, transportation, decontamination, repair (where relevant), and waste disposal. Primary activity data was sourced from the instrument manufacturer, supplier, and from UK repair centres (both onsite and offsite), whilst the Ecoinvent database was used as a secondary data source for the manufacture of scissors. The World ReCiPe Midpoint and Endpoint Hierarchist method (Version 1.1) was used for environmental impact assessment. Scenario analysis was used to evaluate the impact of altering different assumptions, including number of uses, reducing number of repairs, increasing distance to offsite repair centre, and alternative electricity sources and waste handling processes. Life cycle cost analysis was calculated based on purchase cost, and cost of decontamination, repair, and waste disposal.

Results and discussion

The carbon footprint of reusable scissors was 70 g CO2e per use, assuming scissors were used 40 times before replacement. This was reduced by 19% through use of offsite repair every 40 uses (57 g CO2e/scissor use), with small additional reductions associated with onsite repair (56 g CO2e/scissor use). Similar patterns of reduction were calculated for eighteen midpoint environmental impact categories (mean impact reduction of 30% for those repaired offsite relative to no repair) and also across three endpoint categories. Decontamination made the biggest contribution to the carbon footprint across all baseline scenarios (76% where no repair, 95–97% where repaired offsite and onsite respectively). Findings were robust to alternative scenario analyses. Life cycle cost was GBP £1.43 per use of reusable scissors, and when repaired either on- or offsite this decreased by 32% to GBP £0.97 per use.

Conclusion

Repairing surgical scissors rather than replacing them with a new pair can reduce environmental and financial cost. The extent to which repair may play a role in mitigating the environmental impact of other surgical instruments requires further research.
Mentalisierungsfähigkeit, Mentalisierungsinteresse und Persönlichkeitsdimensionen
Authors: Schwarzer Nicola-Hans , Nolte Tobias , Gingelmaier Stephan
Published: June 2022

Ziel der Studie

Das Mentalisierungskonzept erfreut sich in klinischen Zusammenhängen zunehmender Popularität. Hierbei repräsentiert die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit – definiert als die Kapazität, Verhaltensweisen auf Basis von psychischen Zuständen wahrnehmen und bedenken zu können – einen wichtigen Aspekt psychischer Gesundheit. Dem theoretischen Entwicklungsmodell folgend ist die Ausprägung der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit maßgeblich von Beziehungserfahrungen in sensiblen Entwicklungsstadien abhängig. Merkmalen wie Geschlecht, Alter oder Intelligenz wird hingegen eine untergeordnete Bedeutung zugesprochen. Inwieweit die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und das Mentalisierungsinteresse als gesundheitsrelevante Aspekte mit den als „Big Five“ bekannten Persönlichkeitsdimensionen assoziiert sind, wurde bis heute unzureichend untersucht.

Methodik

Von 336 nichtklinischen Probanden wurde in einer Querschnittsstudie die Mentalisierungsfähigkeit (experimentell), das Mentalisierungsinteresse (Selbstauskunft) und einzelne Persönlichkeitsdimensionen (Selbstauskunft) erfasst.

Ergebnisse

Einzelne Persönlichkeitsdimensionen waren in der untersuchten Stichprobe nicht mit der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit assoziiert. Einzelne Persönlichkeitsdimensionen hingegen sagten das Mentalisierungsinteresse voraus.

Diskussion

Trotz enger Zusammenhänge zwischen Einschränkungen der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und Persönlichkeitsstörungen scheinen individuelle Persönlichkeitszüge in einer nicht-klinischen Stichprobe unabhängig von der Mentalisierungsfähigkeit zu sein. Die Neigung hingegen, mentale Zustände als Erklärungsmodell für Verhaltensweisen zu nutzen, ist mit spezifischen Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen assoziiert.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Befunde deuten an, dass in präventiven und gesundheitsfördernden Settings die Unterscheidung zwischen der genuinen Mentalisierungsfähigkeit und dem Interesse an mentalisierenden Zuschreibungsprozessen sorgsam zu berücksichtigen ist, da ein überhöhtes und gleichermaßen unproduktives Interesse an mentalen Zuständen unter Verweis auf die hier berichteten Befunde mit emotionaler Instabilität assoziiert ist.
Belastungs- und Resilienzfaktoren vor dem Hintergrund von psychischer Erschöpfung und Ansätzen der Gesundheitsförderung im Lehrerberuf
Authors: Wesselborg Bärbel , Bauknecht Jürgen
Published: June 2022

Hintergrund

Seit einigen Jahren wird auf die hohe psychische Erschöpfung bei Lehrern hingewiesen und es bestehen Programme zur Gesundheitsförderung. Vor dem Hintergrund der gesundheitsfördernden Maßnahmen ist insbesondere von Interesse, welche (Resilienz‑)Faktoren die Gesundheit von Lehrpersonen schützen.

Ziel der Arbeit/Fragestellung

Die Studie untersucht die psychische Erschöpfung und berufsspezifische Belastungsfaktoren bei Lehrern im Vergleich mit sonstigen Erwerbstätigen. Zudem werden Resilienzfaktoren identifiziert, die die Wirkung der Belastungsfaktoren vermindern und die psychische Gesundheit bei Lehrpersonen stärken.

Material und Methoden

Die Studie analysiert die Daten der vom Bundesinstitut für Berufsbildung (BIBB) und der Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BAuA) durchgeführten „BIBB/BAuA-Erwerbstätigenbefragung – Arbeit und Beruf im Wandel, Erwerb und Verwertung beruflicher Qualifikationen 2018“ hinsichtlich psychischer Erschöpfung, Belastungs- und Resilienzfaktoren bei Lehrern im Vergleich zu sonstigen Erwerbstätigen. Dabei werden deskriptive und inferenzstatistische Analysen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Die psychische Erschöpfung bei Lehrern ist im Vergleich zu sonstigen Erwerbstätigen erhöht. Stärkster Belastungsfaktor stellt die emotionale Belastung bei Lehrern dar und der stärkste Resilienzfaktor ist die soziale Unterstützung des Kollegiums.

Schlussfolgerung

Die gesundheitsfördernden Programme sollten an den identifizierten Resilienzfaktoren anknüpfen und eine gesundheitsfördernde Schulentwicklung fokussieren um die Gesundheitssituation bei Lehrern nachhaltig zu stabilisieren.
Human Capital and Labour Market Resilience: A Regional Analysis for Portugal
Authors: Simões Marta , Andrade João Sousa , Duarte Adelaide
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates labour market resilience for seven Portuguese NUTS-2 regions over the period 1995–2018 detailing its relationship with levels of education and highlighting the period following the 2007–08 financial and economic crisis. We define resilience as the ability of regional employment to recover from a recessionary shock over an entire business cycle. Our results point to the existence of labour market resilience to the different business cycles for the different regions in terms of total hours worked. The same conclusion applies to employment of workers with different levels of educational attainment, low, medium and high, defined according to the highest level of education completed by employees. Investigating in more detail the potential differentiated impact of the Portuguese Great Recession (PGR), covering the period after the 2007–08 crisis, our findings suggest however no resilience in terms of total hours worked and employment of workers with low levels of education, corresponding so far to a situation of jobless economic recovery. The conclusions are mixed for employment of workers with medium levels of education, while we found evidence of labour market resilience to the PGR for employment of workers with high levels of education. The strong negative impact of the PGR at the economic level thus seems to have hindered labour market resilience for employees and regions less endowed with human capital.
Social Robots Acceptance and Marketability in Italy and Germany: A Cross-National Study Focusing on Assisted Living for Older Adults
Authors: Fracasso Francesca , Buchweitz Lea , Theil Arthur , Cesta Amedeo , Korn Oliver
Published: June 2022

In the last years, social robots have become a trending topic. Indeed, robots which communicate with us and mimic human behavior patterns are fascinating. However, while there is a massive body of research on their design and acceptance in different fields of application, their market potential has been rarely investigated. As their future integration in society may have a vast disruptive potential, this work aims at shedding light on the market potential, focusing on the assistive health domain. A study with 197 persons from Italy (age: M = 67.87; SD = 8.87) and Germany (age: M = 62.15; SD = 6.14) investigates cultural acceptance, desired functionalities, and purchase preferences. The participants filled in a questionnaire after watching a video illustrating some examples of social robots. Surprisingly, the individual perception of health status, social status as well as nationality did hardly influence the attitude towards social robots, although the German group was somewhat more reluctant to the idea of using them. Instead, there were significant correlations with most dimensions of the Almere model (like perceived enjoyment, sociability, usefulness and trustworthiness). Also, technology acceptance resulted strongly correlated with the individual readiness to invest money. However, as most persons consider social robots as “Assistive Technological Devices” (ATDs), they expected that their provision should mirror the usual practices followed in the two Countries for such devices. Thus, to facilitate social robots’ future visibility and adoption by both individuals and health care organisations, policy makers would need to start integrating them into official ATDs databases.
Properties Augmentation of Cast Hypereutectic Al–Si Alloy Through Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Bates William P. , Patel Vivek , Rana Harikrishna , Andersson Joel , De Backer Jeroen , Igestrand Mattias , Fratini Livan
Published: June 2022

The present endeavour is to augment mechanical attributes via friction stir processing (FSP) in hypereutectic aluminium–silicon castings by the means of microstructural modifications and defects reduction. Wherein, the study proceeds with mainly two approaches namely, alteration in tool revolution (TR) and the number of FSP passes. The prepared specimens were evaluated investigating volume fraction of porosities, microstructural characterizations and microhardness. Therefrom, the specimen with highest number of passes delivered most uniform properties resulting from the reduction in casting porosities and refined silicon particle uniform distribution throughout friction stir processed zone. This endeavour may be considered as a footstep towards more industrial readied material transformation.

Graphical Abstract
Fault detection and diagnosis for industrial processes based on clustering and autoencoders: a case of gas turbines
Authors: Barrera Jose M. , Reina Alejandro , Mate Alejandro , Trujillo Juan C.
Published: June 2022

Industrial machinery maintenance constitutes an important part of the manufacturing company’s budget. Fault Detection and Diagnosis (henceforth referenced as FDD) plays a key role on maintenance, since it allows for shorter maintenance times and, in the long run, to train predictive maintenance algorithms. The impact of proper maintenance is reflected on an especially costly type of industrial machine: gas turbines. These devices are complex, large pieces of machinery that cause considerable service disruption when downtime occurs. In an effort to shorten these service disruptions and establish the basis for the development of predictive maintenance, we present in this paper an approach to FDD of industrial machinery, such as gas turbines. Our approach exploits the data generated by industrial machinery to train a machine-learning based architecture, combining several algorithms with autoencoders and sliding windows. Our proposed solution helps to achieve early malfunctioning detection and has been tested using real data from real working environments. In order to build our solution, first, we analyze the behavior of the gas turbine from a mathematical point of view. Then, we develop an architecture that is capable of detecting when the gas turbine presents an abnormal behavior. The great advantage of our proposal is that (i) does not require existing disruption data, which can be difficult to obtain, (ii) is not limited to processes with specific time windows, and (iii) provides crucial information in real time to the monitoring staff, generating valuable data for further predictive maintenance. It is worth highlighting that although we exemplify our approach using gas turbines, our approach can be tailored to other FDD problems in complex industrial processes with variable duration that could benefit from the aforementioned advantages.
Management reasoning scripts: Qualitative exploration using simulated physician-patient encounters
Authors: Cook David A. , Stephenson Christopher R. , Gruppen Larry D. , Durning Steven J.
Published: June 2022

Introduction Management reasoning is distinct from diagnostic reasoning and remains incompletely understood. The authors sought to empirically investigate the concept of management scripts.

Methods In November 2020, 4 investigators each reviewed 10 video clips of simulated outpatient physician-patient encounters, and used a coding form to document observations about management reasoning. The team used constant comparative analysis to integrate empirically-grounded insights with theories related to cognitive scripts and Type 1/Type 2 thinking.

Results Management scripts are precompiled conceptual knowledge structures that represent and connect management options and clinician tasks in a temporal or logical sequence. Management scripts appear to differ substantially from illness scripts. Management scripts varied in quality (in content, sequence, flexibility, and fluency) and generality. The authors empirically identified six key features (components) of management scripts: the problem (diagnosis); management options; preferences, values, and constraints; education needs; interactions; and encounter flow. The authors propose a heuristic framework describing script activation, selection, instantiation with case-specific details, and application to guide development of the management plan. They further propose that management reasoning reflects iterative, back-and-forth involvement of both Type 1 (non-analytic, effortless) and Type 2 (analytic, effortful) thinking. Type 1 thinking likely influences initial script activation, selection, and initial instantiation. Type 2 increasingly influences subsequent script revisions, as activation, selection, and instantiation become more deliberate (effortful) and more hypothetical (involving mental simulation).

Discussion Management scripts constitute a key feature of management reasoning, and could represent a new target for training in clinical reasoning (distinct from illness scripts).
Developing sequentially trained robust Punjabi speech recognition system under matched and mismatched conditions
Authors: Bawa Puneet , Kadyan Virender , Tripathy Abinash , Singh Thipendra P.
Published: June 2022

Development of a native language robust ASR framework is very challenging as well as an active area of research. Although an urge for investigation of effective front-end as well as back-end approaches are required for tackling environment differences, large training complexity and inter-speaker variability in achieving success of a recognition system. In this paper, four front-end approaches: mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), Gammatone frequency cepstral coefficients (GFCC), relative spectral-perceptual linear prediction (RASTA-PLP) and power-normalized cepstral coefficients (PNCC) have been investigated to generate unique and robust feature vectors at different SNR values. Furthermore, to handle the large training data complexity, parameter optimization has been performed with sequence-discriminative training techniques: maximum mutual information (MMI), minimum phone error (MPE), boosted-MMI (bMMI), and state-level minimum Bayes risk (sMBR). It has been demonstrated by selection of an optimal value of parameters using lattice generation, and adjustments of learning rates. In proposed framework, four different systems have been tested by analyzing various feature extraction approaches (with or without speaker normalization through Vocal Tract Length Normalization (VTLN) approach in test set) and classification strategy on with or without artificial extension of train dataset. To compare each system performance, true matched (adult train and test—S1, child train and test—S2) and mismatched (adult train and child test—S3, adult + child train and child test—S4) systems on large adult and very small Punjabi clean speech corpus have been demonstrated. Consequently, gender-based in-domain data augmented is used to moderate acoustic and phonetic variations throughout adult and children’s speech under mismatched conditions. The experiment result shows that an effective framework developed on PNCC + VTLN front-end approach using TDNN-sMBR-based model through parameter optimization technique yields a relative improvement (RI) of 40.18%, 47.51%, and 49.87% in matched, mismatched and gender-based in-domain augmented system under typical clean and noisy conditions, respectively.
Negative Comparative Law
Authors: Legrand Pierre
Published: June 2022

Written under the sign of Beckett, this book addresses comparative law's commitment to the deterritorialization of the legal and its attendant claim for the normative relevance of foreign law locally in the fabrication of statutory determinations, judicial opinions, or academic reflections. Wanting to withstand the law's persistent tendency towards nationalist retrenchment and counter comparative law's institutional marginalization, the fifteen essays at hand impart radical and discerning intellectual equipment in order to foster the valorization of the legally foreign and the comparative motion. In particular, the critique informing this manifesto examines pre-eminent topics like culture and difference, understanding and translatability, objectivity and truth, invention and tracing. Harnessing insights from a range of disciplinary discourses, this book contends that comparatists must boldly desist from their field's dominant epistemology and embrace a practice much better attuned to the study of foreignness.
Reformation in the Low Countries, 1500-1620
Authors: Kooi Christine
Published: June 2022

This accessible general history of the Reformation in the Netherlands traces the key developments in the process of reformation – both Protestant and Catholic – across the whole of the Low Countries during the sixteenth century. Synthesizing fifty years' worth of scholarly literature, Christine Kooi focuses particularly on the political context of the era: how religious change took place against the integration and disintegration of the Habsburg composite state in the Netherlands. Special attention is given to the Reformation's role in both fomenting and fuelling the Revolt against the Habsburg regime in the later sixteenth century, as well as how it contributed to the formation of the region's two successor states, the Dutch Republic and the Southern Netherlands. Reformation in the Low Countries, 1500-1620 is essential reading for scholars and students of early modern European history, bringing together specialized, contemporary research on the Low Countries in one volume.
Contemporary State Building
Authors: Flores-Macías Gustavo A.
Published: June 2022

If economic elites are notorious for circumventing tax obligations, how can institutionally weak governments get the wealthy to shoulder a greater tax burden? This book studies the factors behind the adoption of elite taxes for public safety purposes. Contrary to prominent explanations in the literature on the fiscal strengthening of the state – including the role of resource dependence and inequality – the book advances a theory of elite taxation that focuses on public safety crises as windows of opportunity and highlights the importance of business-government linkages to overcome mistrust toward government from corruption and lack of accountability. Based on evidence from across Latin America and rich case studies from experiences in Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Mexico, the book provides scholars and policymakers with a blueprint for contemporary state-building efforts in the developing world.
Sharing Linked Data for Health Research
Authors: Adams Carolyn , Allen Judy , Flack Felicity
Published: June 2022

Health research around the world relies on access to data, and much of the most valuable, reliable, and comprehensive data collections are held by governments. These collections, which contain data on whole populations, are a powerful tool in the hands of researchers, especially when they are linked and analyzed, and can help to address “wicked problems” in health and emerging global threats such as COVID-19. At the same time, these data collections contain sensitive information that must only be used in ways that respect the values, interests, and rights of individuals and their communities. Sharing Linked Data for Health Research provides a template for allowing research access to government data collections in a regulatory environment designed to build social license while supporting the research enterprise.
The impact of a comprehensive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection prevention bundle on non–COVID-19 hospital-acquired respiratory viral infection (HA-RVI) rates
Authors: Seidelman Jessica L. , DiBiase Lauren , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Lewis Sarah S. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily , Weber David J. , Smith Becky A.
Published: June 2022

After implementing a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection prevention bundle, the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of non–severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (non–SARS-CoV-2) hospital-acquired respiratory viral infection (HA-RVI) was significantly lower than the IRR from the pre–COVID-19 period (IRR, 0.322; 95% CI, 0.266–0.393; P < .01). However, HA-RVIs incidence rates mirrored community RVI trends, suggesting that hospital interventions alone did not significantly affect HA-RVI incidence.
Agreement for the Establishment of the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law
Authors: Materna Malgorzata
Published: June 2022

On October 31, 2021, the leaders of the Government of Antigua and Barbuda and the Government of Tuvalu signed the “Agreement for the Establishment of the Commission of Small Island States on Climate Change and International Law” (the Agreement). As noted in the title itself, the Agreement creates a Commission of “small island states” tasked with promoting international law principles that hold states responsible for failing to protect the marine environment by contributing to climate change. Among the responsibilities outlined in the Agreement, the Commission would have the power to seek advisory opinions from the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS, or the Tribunal) as part of its efforts to pursue its mandate.
Cambios y continuidades en la subsistencia e interacción entre sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras marinas y agro-alfareras durante el Holoceno tardío en el Archipiélago Septentrional), Patagonia, Chile
Authors: Reyes Omar , Tessone Augusto , Belmar Carolina , San Román Manuel , Morello Flavia , Moraga Mauricio , Urbina Ximena
Published: June 2022

Durante el Holoceno tardío en el archipiélago patagónico septentrional (~41°30′-47°S), convergerían sistemas culturales diferenciados, interrelacionándose grupos con tradiciones culturales portadoras de cerámica y economías basadas en la producción de alimentos (hortícolas) con grupos de cazadores-recolectores-pescadores marinos presentes desde el Holoceno medio. En este trabajo se evalúa los cambios y continuidades en los patrones de subsistencia y dieta de los grupos que ocuparon este archipiélago a lo largo de su secuencia de ocupación, de acuerdo a los resultados del análisis de los valores de δ13C y δ15N correspondiente a restos humanos de 27 individuos (~4400-150 años cal aP) del Archipiélago de Chiloé (~41°30´-43°S), los que son integrados con la información obtenida anteriormente de 36 individuos (~2000-300 años cal aP) provenientes del Archipiélago de los Chonos (~43°-47°S), así como con muestras complementarias de algas y arqueofauna. A partir de la dieta estimada de 63 individuos, se sugiere una baja intensidad de la interacción de estas trayectorias culturales a lo largo del tiempo en el archipiélago patagónico septentrional con continuidad de los sistemas de caza, pesca y recolección marina. Luego del contacto europeo, se reflejarían los mayores cambios en la subsistencia de estos grupos humanos, especialmente en el Archipiélago de Chiloé.
Subnational Social Investment in Three European Cities: An Exploratory Comparison
Authors: SCALISE GEMMA , HEMERIJCK ANTON
Published: June 2022

With the evolution towards more service-intensive social investment welfare states across Europe, research on the institutional capacities of subnational welfare provision is increasingly relevant. Based on a comparative case analysis of three post-industrial municipalities in Europe, this article harbors a two-pronged objective: first, empirically, to show how regional and local governance capabilities are crucial to effective SI policy delivery; second, more positively, to bring out the proficiency of vertical coordination between national administration and subnational layers, alongside the critical role of horizontal policy discretion at the local level to align social benefits and capacitating services for the success of SI delivery; and, by implication, the overall responsiveness of national welfare systems to the changing nature of 21st century socioeconomic risks.
An Epidemiological Analysis of Terrorism-Related Attacks in Eastern Europe from 1970 to 2019
Authors: Tin Derrick , Barten Dennis G. , Goniewicz Krzysztof , Burkle Frederick M. , Ciottone Gregory R.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Over the past five decades, Eastern Europe has seen relatively little in terms of terrorist attacks. The recent escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian conflict has, however, placed a new spotlight on the region, and new questions and concerns around war, conflict, insurgency, and terrorism are being posed. The Russian invasion and extensive combat operations, the largest in Europe since World War II, are occurring across Ukraine where there are 15 active nuclear reactors, not including the Chernobyl site, that are vulnerable to attack or sabotage. In addition, Eastern Europe has been heavily affected by COVID-19, exposing broad vulnerabilities in an otherwise fragile health care system. This raises concerns over the ability of Eastern European health care institutions to absorb surge and manage terrorist attacks or acts of violent extremism. This study provides an epidemiological description of all terrorism-related fatalities and injuries in Eastern Europe sustained from 1970 – 2019.

Method:

Data collection was performed using a retrospective database search through the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). The GTD was searched using the internal database functions for all terrorism events which occurred in Eastern Europe from January 1, 1970 - December 31, 2019. Years 2020 and 2021 were not yet available at the time of this study. Primary weapon type, country where the incident occurred, and number of deaths and injured were collated. Results were exported into an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corp.; Redmond, Washington USA) for analysis.

Results:

There were 3,901 terrorism-related events in Eastern Europe between the years 1970 and 2019, inclusive. In total, the attacks resulted in 5,391 deaths and 9,538 persons injured. Explosives were the most commonly used weapon type in 59.2% of all attacks in the region, followed by firearms in 27.6%.

Conclusion:

From 1970 through 2019, a total of 3,901 terrorist attacks occurred in Eastern Europe, inflicting 5,391 deaths and 9,538 injuries. Of those, 72.3% occurred in Russia and Ukraine. Terrorist attacks sharply declined since the peak in 2014, but there is an overall uptrend in attacks since the 1970s.
ManuelZapataOlivella,Racial Politics and Pan-Africanism in Colombia in the 1970s
Authors: Ochoa Laura Correa
Published: June 2022

The First Congress of Black Culture of the Americas, held in Cali, Colombia, in August 1977 and organized by Afro-Colombian intellectual Manuel Zapata Olivella, was the first Pan-Africanist conference held in Latin America. This paper examines the obstacles Afro-Latin American activists faced in organizing a racially defined event and analyzes how they articulated their own interpretations of black radical politics. It shows that a Pan-Africanist event in Latin America had to account for ideologies of racial harmony and mixture. Observers throughout the region mobilized these ideas to discredit the First Congress as a racist and illegitimate threat to mestizo nationhood. Afro-Latin American activists used it as a platform to debate and denounce ideologies of racial harmony and mixture which many argued cloaked racism and impeded black mobilization. However, for many of the delegates engaging with black radical politics did not imply an absolute rejection of these ideas, but instead highlighted the varying ways in which Afro-Latin American activists understood and contested these concepts in the 1970s. Many Afro-Latin American delegates, even those who were openly critical of ideologies of racial harmony, called for multiracial forms of solidarity and expressed support for culturally mixed visions of the nation-state.
Theoriegeleitetes Handeln als pflegerisches Bildungsmuster
Authors: Kühme Benjamin
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Theoriegeleitetes Handeln setzt das Selbstverständnis voraus, auf den Theoriefundus und die Wissensbestände der eigenen Domäne zu reflektieren. Während in der Pflegepraxis ein an der Medizin orientiertes Handeln traditionell befolgt wird, bleiben pflegetheoretische und pflegewissenschaftliche Begründungen aus. Im Rahmen einer Untersuchung von Auszubildenden wird theoriegeleitetes Handeln als Bildungsmuster thematisiert und näher geklärt, warum die Selbstverständlichkeit in der Pflege fehlen mag.
Theoriegeleitetes Handeln im Kontext professioneller Beratung
Authors: Rohde Katrin S.
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Professionalisierungsdiskurse markieren eine Form der theoriegeleiteten Auseinandersetzung mit der beruflichen Praxis – sie bilden sie ab, setzen sie in theoretische Bezüge und tragen zu ihrer Weiterentwicklung bei. Diesem Gedanken folgend werden die Zusammenhänge von familienbezogener Beratung und theoriegestütztem Handeln als Element der Professionalisierung diskutiert.
Just work it – praktische Ausbildung neu gedacht
Authors: Radl Kathrin , Ruppnig Marion , Wilhelmer Isabella
Published: June 2022

Zusammenfassung. Ab sofort übernehmen wir! Im April 2021 hatten Studierende der Fachhochschule Kärnten (Studiengang Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege) die Möglichkeit eine Station zu führen. Dabei konnte das komplette Tätigkeitsfeld einer DGKP für die Dauer eines Berufspraktikums kennengelernt werden. Ziel war die optimale Vorbereitung auf die zukünftige Arbeit und die damit einhergehende Verantwortung.