bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
People Power as Exception: Three Controversies of Privatisation in Post-handover Hong Kong
Authors: Chu Cecilia
Published: February 2010

This paper examines three controversies that revolve around the Hong Kong government’s efforts to privatise components of its property assets in the years following the Asian financial crisis in 1997. While the rolling back of welfare and privatisation of public goods are typical features of the ‘neo-liberal turn’, the consequences of and responses to these processes are highly contingent upon specific historical experience and social practices. By examining the narratives of different actors over the course of these controversies, this paper aims to elucidate the contradictions and mutual entanglements between the ideology of neo-liberalism and everyday discourse and how the contestation in each of the three cases worked to reshape and ultimately to preserve the existing regime of legitimation. It also illustrates how the long-running ‘ laissez-faire’ principles of Hong Kong’s colonial period have contributed to the ongoing absorption of political critique, thus exposing the limits of ‘people power’.
Revanchist Sanitisation or Coercive Care? The Use of Enforcement to Combat Begging, Street Drinking and Rough Sleeping in England
Authors: Johnsen Sarah , Fitzpatrick Suzanne
Published: February 2010

This paper examines recent responses to ‘problematic street culture’ in England, where increasing pressure has been exerted to prevent people from begging and street drinking in public spaces, with rough sleeping also targeted in some areas. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with enforcement agents, support providers and targeted individuals, it assesses the extent to which the strategies employed are indicative of a ‘revanchist expulsion’ of the deviant Other and/or an expression of ‘coercive care’ for the vulnerable Other. It concludes that, whilst the recent developments appear, at first glance, to be symptomatic of revanchist sanitisation of public space, closer examination reveals that the situation is actually much more complex than a revanchist reading of the situation might suggest, and perhaps not as devoid of compassion.
Nonconformity Defines the Self: The Role of Minority Opinion Status in Self-Concept Clarity
Authors: Rios Morrison Kimberly , Wheeler S. Christian
Published: February 2010

Drawing on distinctiveness and social identity theories, the present studies tested whether minority opinion holders would have a more clearly defined sense of self than majority opinion holders. In Study 1, participants who were induced to believe that they held a minority opinion on a controversial issue had higher subsequent self-concept clarity scores than did those who were induced to believe that they held a majority opinion, controlling for self-esteem. Furthermore, the relationship between minority opinion status and self-concept clarity was strongest among participants whose opinions were highly expressive of their values (Studies 2 and 3), as well as among participants who identified strongly with the group in which they were a minority (Study 3). Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
What Is Beautiful Is Good Because What Is Beautiful Is Desired: Physical Attractiveness Stereotyping as Projection of Interpersonal Goals
Authors: Lemay Edward P. , Clark Margaret S. , Greenberg Aaron
Published: February 2010

The authors posit that the attribution of desirable interpersonal qualities to physically attractive targets is a projection of interpersonal goals; people desire to form and maintain close social bonds with attractive targets and then project these motivations onto those targets. Three studies support this model. Tendencies to see attractive novel targets depicted in photographs (Study 1), attractive romantic partners (Study 2), and attractive friends (Study 3) as especially interpersonally receptive and responsive were explained by perceivers’ heightened desires to bond with attractive individuals. Additional findings regarding response latencies (Study 1) also supported this model. Many instances of the “beautiful is good” effect may not reflect stereotyping as it is typically construed. Rather, they may reflect projection of heightened desires to bond with beautiful people.
Implicit Theories of Body Weight: Entity Beliefs Can Weigh You Down
Authors: Burnette Jeni L.
Published: February 2010

The current research extended the implicit theory approach to a weight management context and merged it with value expectancy theory. Three studies investigated the hypothesis that individuals are especially unlikely to self-regulate effectively after dieting setbacks when they believe body weight to be fixed ( entity theory) rather than malleable ( incremental theory). Study 1 examined avoidant coping after a hypothetical dieting setback. Study 2 examined the implicit theory—avoidant coping relation after naturally occurring challenges to participants’ weight-loss goals. Across both studies, entity theorists, relative to incremental theorists, reported more avoidant coping after setbacks. In Study 2, avoidant coping, in turn, predicted difficulty achieving weight-loss success. Study 3 manipulated implicit theories of weight to test the causal effects of implicit theories on effortful regulation. Entity theorists, relative to incremental theorists, reported less persistence following setbacks. Across the three studies, expectations about the potential for future dieting success mediated the link between implicit theory and self-regulation.
Using the Madeline Hunter Direct Instruction Model to Improve Outcomes Assessments in Marketing Programs
Authors: Steward Michelle D. , Martin Gregory S. , Burns Alvin C. , Bush Ronald F.
Published: February 2010

This study introduces marketing educators to the Madeline Hunter Direct Instruction Model (HDIM) as an approach to significantly and substantially improve student learning through course-embedded assessment.The effectiveness of the method is illustrated in three different marketing courses taught by three different marketing professors. The results demonstrate double-digit improvement in student achievement. Examples of application exercises are provided. The HDIM offers a viable tool for use in an environment in which marketing faculties are increasingly required to demonstrate course-embedded assessment as part of annual review, promotion, and tenure processes.
The Impact of Learning Context on Intent to Use Marketing and Sales Technology: A Comparison of Scenario-Based and Task-Based Approaches
Authors: Mallin Michael L. , Jones Deirdre E. , Cordell Jennifer L.
Published: February 2010

With firms focused on increasing efficiency and effectiveness in today’s marketing and sales environment, it is crucial that salesforce training methods facilitate greater adoption of salesforce automation technology. Given the growth in sales education at colleges and universities, firms are looking to recruit their frontline marketing and sales personnel direct from college. Thus, there is an opportunity for marketing educators to influence these future marketing and sales professionals’ attitudes toward technology via course instruction. This study combines technology-mediated learning and technology acceptance theories in the marketing sales education domain to show how two different contextual learning modes affected marketing and sales students’ perceptions of technology. A total of 252 marketing/sales students from an Account and Territory Management class were taught to use a salesforce automation tool using two different contextual learning approaches. Findings showed that when students were taught using an approach involving a realistic sales scenario, their perceptions of technology usefulness were greater than if the course instruction was delivered using a systematic task-based learning approach. This supports the view that the learning context of technology training matters. For students of marketing and sales, the implication is the development of perceptions that make them more willing to use technology in the workplace.
Study on Dental Plastic IPN Post Composite
Authors: Liu Yuhong  , He Huiming  , Wang Zhongyi  , Zheng Yaping  , Hu Jiang
Published: February 2010

In this research, the fiber-reinforced-IPN dental post composite material was synthesized by mutual combining of the interpenetrating polymer networks technology and fiberglass composite technology, in which the IPN structure was produced by the method of step-by-step polymerization with bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The post material can be cured by light and made into the dental post with specific required shape. The results of the thermal test of the material showed that the glassing transition temperature was reduced, and the transition temperature area was wider with the addition of methyl methacrylate (MMA) than pure Bis-GMA system. The results of the flexural test of the material showed that 34.6 wt.% of the matrix, containing 20 wt.% of the MMA content and 80 wt.% of the PMMA content, embedding 65.4 wt.% of the glass fiber content made the flexural properties of the material reach the peak value. The flexural strength was 446.12 MPa and the flexural modulus was 54.651 GPa.
Geometrical Effect on the Behavior of CFRP Confined and Unconfined Concrete Columns
Authors: Si Youcef Y. , Amziane S. , Chemrouk M.
Published: February 2010

The present contribution aims at highlighting the behavior of square-section and cylindrical specimens confined by carbon fiber reinforced polymer fabrics. For this purpose, 48 cylindrical concrete moulds of 110 × 220 mm 2 dimensions and 24 prismatic concrete moulds of 100 × 100 × 200 mm3 dimensions were tested for uniaxial failure under compression. The forms of rupture observed are all similar, no matter the shape of the section of the test-specimen (circular or square). Without confinement, a superiority of 14% in terms of compressive strength is confirmed for the square-section specimen in comparison with the circular-section specimens. With confinement, we observe a very significant advantage of circular-section specimens compared to square-section specimens. The performance of an fiber-reinforced polymer confinement is, however, largely better for a cylindrical specimen comparing to the prismatic specimen. With a rate of confinement of 1 and 3 layers, the compressive strength is increased, respectively, by 58% and 236% for the cylindrical test-specimen and by 20% and 95% for the square specimen. Moreover, the concrete shows an additional deformability proportionally to the confinement rate. The stress-strain curves obtained showed a tri-linear behavior; the first and the second part of the curve depend on the resistance of the non-confined concrete, whereas the third part was directly dependent on the confinement rate and its stiffness. Extension of analytical modeling of Wu et al. (Wu, G., Wu, Z.S., Lu, Z.T. and Ando, Y.B. (2008). Structural Performance of Concrete Confined with Hybrid RP Composite, Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 27(12): 1323-1348) is proposed to take into account the effect of geometry.
SPRED 1 Mutations in a Neurofibromatosis Clinic
Authors: Muram-Zborovski Talia M. , Stevenson David A. , Viskochil David H. , Dries David C. , Wilson Andrew R. , Rong Mao
Published: February 2010

Legius syndrome, caused by SPRED1 mutations, has phenotypic overlap with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) without tumorigenic manifestations. Patients fulfilling the National Institutes of Health (NIH) diagnostic criteria for NF1 were enrolled at the University of Utah NF Clinic, and SPRED1 mutation analysis was performed to identify the frequency of Legius syndrome within an NF1 clinic population. SPRED1 sequencing was performed on 151 individuals with the clinical diagnosis of NF1, and 2 individuals (1.3%) were found to have novel SPRED1 mutations, p.R18X and p.Q194X. The phenotypes for the 2 individuals with SPRED1 mutations included altered pigmentation without tumorigenesis. A specific SPRED1 haplotype allele was identified in 27 individuals. The frequency of SPRED1 mutations in patients meeting diagnostic criteria for NF1 in a hospital-based clinic is 1% to 2%. The likelihood an individual is harboring a SPRED1 mutation increases with age if multiple, nonpigmentary NF1 findings are absent. Legius syndrome patients may benefit from altered medical surveillance.
How to influence national pride? The Olympic medal index as a unifying narrative
Authors: van Hilvoorde Ivo , Elling Agnes , Stokvis Ruud
Published: February 2010

Elite sport is often regarded as one of the main vehicles for articulating national pride and stimulating national cohesion. In this article, we explore a variety of different notions of pride and nationality as related to success in elite sport. We present the results of a public survey, which measured some of the effects on national pride in the Netherlands, related to the men’s European Football Championships, the Tour de France, Wimbledon and the Olympic Games in Beijing (all in the summer of 2008). The results suggest that a sense of belonging is a necessary condition that precedes rather than results from sport-related pride. This supports the notion of national pride being a rather stable characteristic of countries, notwithstanding specific situations (such as sport success) that may lead to minor and temporary fluctuations. There seems to be no empirical evidence for the — primarily quantitatively understood — concept of pride (as a ‘bucket-notion’), which is often implicit to the political rhetoric used to increase sport funding with the aim of winning more medals to generate an increase in national pride.
Bases of Competence: A Framework for Facilitating Reflective Learner-Centered Educational Environments
Authors: Berdrow Iris , Evers Frederick T.
Published: February 2010

As the business world becomes more complex, the role of professional higher education in the development of “reflective practitioners” becomes more cogent. In this article, the authors argue for the Bases of Competence model, which articulates base competencies required of today’s higher education professional graduates, as a tool in learner-centered, self-reflective pedagogy and self-assessment. The purpose of this article is to describe the Bases of Competence model and to demonstrate its use in two learner-centered, self-reflective course-level initiatives.
Conceptualizing collaboration between children’s services and child and adolescent psychiatry: A bottom—up process based on a qualitative needs assessment among the professionals
Authors: Janssens Astrid , Peremans Lieve , Deboutte Dirk
Published: February 2010

Little is known about the need of professionals of children’s services and child and adolescent psychiatry to collaborate. This study aimed to explore the perception of practitioners of both services with regard to a future collaborative partnership improving the wellbeing of children in children’s services. Eight focus groups were performed and analysed, following the principles of the Grounded Theory. The focus groups revealed that the professionals agree considerably concerning the outlines of the collaboration. They agree upon the primary goal of the partnership, their expected role and tasks. In addition, the partnership should develop in an atmosphere of mutual respect and with the intention to provide the best care for the child. The results of the focus groups are discussed in consideration of a future implementation of interventions on developing best practices at the intersection of children’s services and child and adolescent psychiatry.
Collegiality and the Politics of European Competition Policy
Authors: Karagiannis Yannis
Published: February 2010

This paper analyses the implications of collegiality in the European Commission for policy outcomes in European Competition Policy (ECP). The structure of the Commission creates a dilemma, since the antitrust regulator (DG COMP) can either submit its decisions to a vote in the College, or engage in costly strategizing to circumvent it. Relying on the College maintains organizational unity but also risks producing decisions unfavourable to DG COMP and the non-recovery of sunk costs. Forging external alliances, on the other hand, secures policy positions but may also lead to generalized crisis. In this game of strategy I identify the distance between DG policy preferences, the ability of DG COMP to rely on national competition authorities, and the costs of forging external alliances as the main variables affecting equilibrium strategies, and thus equilibrium policy outcomes. Additional empirical work, on ECP and other common policies, should follow.
Perception of NOTES Among Health Care Workers and Medical Students
Authors: Omana Juan Javier , Mistry Sheetal , Herron Daniel , Kini Subhash
Published: February 2010

Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is an experimental surgical approach. Several intra-abdominal procedures have been successfully performed in animals and humans although the long-term safety is still unknown. Potential advantages are reduction of wound-related complications, reduced postoperative pain, improved cosmesis, and short recovery time. This study aimed to measure the overall perception among health care workers and medical students. Materials: A brief 9-item survey was created to measure the perception among health care workers and medical students. A total of 120 surveys were completed. Results: Overall, 15% had a favorable perception, 29% had an unfavorable perception, and 55% were undecided. A total of 40% considered the possibility of avoiding wound-related complications the most appealing advantage, whereas 54% cited unknown safety as the most concerning possible disadvantage. Current occupation, previous knowledge, and affiliation to the surgical department influenced the overall perception. Conclusion: Most health care workers and medical students in our sample were undecided in their perception of NOTES.
Tapping the potential of the National Institute for Health Research Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) to develop research capacity and capability in nursing
Authors: Gerrish Kate
Published: February 2010

Nine Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs) were established by the National Institute of Health Research in 2008 with the remit to undertake high-quality applied health research and support the translation of research findings into practice within the National Health Service in England. Each CLAHRC represents a collaborative partnership between one or more universities and their neighbouring NHS organisations. This investment in research infrastructure presents considerable opportunities for nursing to develop capacity and capability to undertake research and knowledge translation activity and support clinical academic careers. However, in order for the potential of CLAHRCs to be realised investment in nursing leadership is required.
What Is an IRB, Why Do We Need It, and What Is a Private IRB?
Authors: Hyer Christopher F.
Published: February 2010

Many foot and ankle specialists have interest in publishing research or technique articles to share their expertise with colleagues. It is now commonplace for medical journals to require all studies that involve patients or patient data to have institutional review board (IRB) approval. Working with an IRB can be a source of frustration or delay, but this does not necessarily need to be the case. The purpose of this review article is to clearly define what an IRB is and does, as well as why the IRB was created and continues to be necessary, and to review what IRB options exist, including the “private” IRB. This background knowledge can help the foot and ankle researcher have a better understanding of the process and perhaps improve efficiency.
Pediatric primary central nervous system germ cell tumors of different prognosis groups show characteristic miRNome traits and chromosome copy number variations
Authors: Wang Hsei-Wei , Wu Yu-Hsuan , Hsieh Jui-Yu , Liang Muh-Lii , Chao Meng-En , Liu Da-Jung , Hsu Ming-Ta , Wong Tai-Tong
Published: February 2010

Background

Intracranial pediatric germ cell tumors (GCTs) are rare and heterogeneous neoplasms and vary in histological differentiation, prognosis and clinical behavior. Germinoma and mature teratoma are GCTs that have a good prognosis, while other types of GCTs, termed nongerminomatous malignant germ cell tumors (NGMGCTs), are tumors with an intermediate or poor prognosis. The second group of tumors requires more extensive drug and irradiation treatment regimens. The mechanisms underlying the differences in incidence and prognosis of the various GCT subgroups are unclear.

Results

We identified a distinct mRNA profile correlating with GCT histological differentiation and prognosis, and also present in this study the first miRNA profile of pediatric primary intracranial GCTs. Most of the differentially expressed miRNAs were downregulated in germinomas, but miR-142-5p and miR-146a were upregulated. Genes responsible for self-renewal (such as POU5F1 (OCT4), NANOG and KLF4) and the immune response were abundant in germinomas, while genes associated with neuron differentiation, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, invasiveness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (including SNAI2 (SLUG) and TWIST2) were abundant in NGMGCTs. Clear transcriptome segregation based on patient survival was observed, with malignant NGMGCTs being closest to embryonic stem cells. Chromosome copy number variations (CNVs) at cytobands 4q13.3-4q28.3 and 9p11.2-9q13 correlated with GCT malignancy and clinical risk. Six genes (BANK1, CXCL9, CXCL11, DDIT4L, ELOVL6 and HERC5) within 4q13.3-4q28.3 were more abundant in germinomas.

Conclusions

Our results integrate molecular profiles with clinical observations and provide insights into the underlying mechanisms causing GCT malignancy. The genes, pathways and microRNAs identified have the potential to be novel therapeutic targets.
CD133, CD15/SSEA-1, CD34 or side populations do not resume tumor-initiating properties of long-term cultured cancer stem cells from human malignant glio-neuronal tumors
Authors: Patru Cristina , Romao Luciana , Varlet Pascale , Coulombel Laure , Raponi Eric , Cadusseau Josette , Renault-Mihara François , Thirant Cécile , Leonard Nadine , Berhneim Alain , Mihalescu-Maingot Maria , Haiech Jacques , Bièche Ivan , Moura-Neto Vivaldo , Daumas-Duport Catherine , Junier Marie-Pierre , Chneiweiss Hervé
Published: February 2010

Background

Tumor initiating cells (TICs) provide a new paradigm for developing original therapeutic strategies.

Methods

We screened for TICs in 47 human adult brain malignant tumors. Cells forming floating spheres in culture, and endowed with all of the features expected from tumor cells with stem-like properties were obtained from glioblastomas, medulloblastoma but not oligodendrogliomas.

Results

A long-term self-renewal capacity was particularly observed for cells of malignant glio-neuronal tumors (MGNTs). Cell sorting, karyotyping and proteomic analysis demonstrated cell stability throughout prolonged passages. Xenografts of fewer than 500 cells in Nude mouse brains induced a progressively growing tumor. CD133, CD15/LeX/Ssea-1, CD34 expressions, or exclusion of Hoechst dye occurred in subsets of cells forming spheres, but was not predictive of their capacity to form secondary spheres or tumors, or to resist high doses of temozolomide.

Conclusions

Our results further highlight the specificity of a subset of high-grade gliomas, MGNT. TICs derived from these tumors represent a new tool to screen for innovative therapies.
Robinson-Foulds Supertrees
Authors: Bansal Mukul S , Burleigh J Gordon , Eulenstein Oliver , Fernández-Baca David
Published: February 2010

Background

Supertree methods synthesize collections of small phylogenetic trees with incomplete taxon overlap into comprehensive trees, or supertrees, that include all taxa found in the input trees. Supertree methods based on the well established Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance have the potential to build supertrees that retain much information from the input trees. Specifically, the RF supertree problem seeks a binary supertree that minimizes the sum of the RF distances from the supertree to the input trees. Thus, an RF supertree is a supertree that is consistent with the largest number of clusters (or clades) from the input trees.

Results

We introduce efficient, local search based, hill-climbing heuristics for the intrinsically hard RF supertree problem on rooted trees. These heuristics use novel non-trivial algorithms for the SPR and TBR local search problems which improve on the time complexity of the best known (naïve) solutions by a factor of Θ(n) and Θ(n2) respectively (wherenis the number of taxa, or leaves, in the supertree). We use an implementation of our new algorithms to examine the performance of the RF supertree method and compare it to matrix representation with parsimony (MRP) and the triplet supertree method using four supertree data sets. Not only did our RF heuristic provide fast estimates of RF supertrees in all data sets, but the RF supertrees also retained more of the information from the input trees (based on the RF distance) than the other supertree methods.

Conclusions

Our heuristics for the RF supertree problem, based on our new local search algorithms, make it possible for the first time to estimate large supertrees by directly optimizing the RF distance from rooted input trees to the supertrees. This provides a new and fast method to build accurate supertrees. RF supertrees may also be useful for estimating majority-rule(-) supertrees, which are a generalization of majority-rule consensus trees.
Relative hyperlactatemia and hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a retrospective multi-centre study
Authors: Nichol Alistair D , Egi Moritoki , Pettila Ville , Bellomo Rinaldo , French Craig , Hart Graeme , Davies Andrew , Stachowski Edward , Reade Michael C , Bailey Michael , Cooper David James
Published: February 2010

Introduction

Higher lactate concentrations within the normal reference range (relative hyperlactatemia) are not considered clinically significant. We tested the hypothesis that relative hyperlactatemia is independently associated with an increased risk of hospital death.

Methods

This observational study examined a prospectively obtained intensive care database of 7,155 consecutive critically ill patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units (ICUs) of four Australian university hospitals. We assessed the relationship between ICU admission lactate, maximal lactate and time-weighted lactate levels and hospital outcome in all patients and also in those patients whose lactate concentrations (admission n = 3,964, maximal n = 2,511, and time-weighted n = 4,584) were under 2 mmol.L-1 (i.e. relative hyperlactatemia).

Results

We obtained 172,723 lactate measurements. Higher admission and time-weightedlactate concentration within the reference range was independently associated with increased hospital mortality (admission odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 3.5, P = 0.01; time-weighted OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.9 to 7.00, P < 0.0001). This significant association was first detectable at lactate concentrations > 0.75 mmol.L-1. Furthermore, in patients whose lactate ever exceeded 2 mmol.L-1, higher time-weighted lactate remained strongly associated with higher hospital mortality (OR 4.8, 95% CI 1.8 to 12.4, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

In critically ill patients, relative hyperlactataemia is independently associated with increased hospital mortality. Blood lactate concentrations > 0.75 mmol.L-1 can be used by clinicians to identify patients at higher risk of death. The current reference range for lactate in the critically ill may need to be re-assessed.
Dysregulation of kallikrein-related peptidases in renal cell carcinoma: potential targets of miRNAs
Authors: White Nicole M. , Bui Anna , Mejia-Guerrero Salvador , Chao Julie , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Youssef Youssef , Mankaruos Marina , Honey R. John , Stewart Robert , Pace Kenneth T. , Sugar Linda , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Doré Jules , Yousef George M.
Published: February 2010

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of all adult malignancies and currently no diagnostic marker exists. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) have been implicated in numerous cancers including ovarian, prostate, and breast carcinoma. KLKs 5, 6, 10, and 11 have decreased expression in RCC when compared to normal kidney tissue. Our bioinformatic analysis indicated that theKLK 1,6, and7genes have decreased expression in RCC. We experimentally verified these results and found that decreased expression ofKLKs 1and3were significantly associated with the clear cell RCC subtype (p<0.001). An analysis of miRNAs differentially expressed in RCC showed that 61 of the 117 miRNAs that were reported to be dysregulated in RCC were predicted to target KLKs. We experimentally validated two targets using two independent approaches. Transfection of miR-224 into HEK-293 cells resulted in decreased KLK1 protein levels. A luciferase assay demonstrated that hsa-let-7f can target KLK10 in the RCC cell line ACHN. Our results, showing differential expression of KLKs in RCC, suggest that KLKs could be novel diagnostic markers for RCC and that their dysregulation could be under miRNA control. The observation that KLKs could represent targets for miRNAs suggests a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism with possible future therapeutic applications.
Tissue kallikrein in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal diseases and skin wound healing
Authors: Chao Julie , Shen Bo , Gao Lin , Xia Chun-Fang , Bledsoe Grant , Chao Lee
Published: February 2010

Tissue kallikrein (KLK1) processes low-molecular weight kininogen to produce vasoactive kinins, which exert biological functions via kinin receptor signaling. Using various delivery approaches, we have demonstrated that tissue kallikrein through kinin B2 receptor signaling exhibits a wide spectrum of beneficial effects by reducing cardiac and renal injuries, restenosis and ischemic stroke, and by promoting angiogenesis and skin wound healing, independent of blood pressure reduction. Protection by tissue kallikrein in oxidative organ damage is attributed to the inhibition of apoptosis, inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis. Tissue kallikrein also enhances neovascularization in ischemic heart and limb. Moreover, tissue kallikrein/kinin infusion not only prevents but also reverses kidney injury, inflammation and fibrosis in salt-induced hypertensive rats. Furthermore, there is a wide time window for kallikrein administration in protection against ischemic brain infarction, as delayed kallikrein infusion for 24 h after cerebral ischemia in rats is effective in reducing neurological deficits, infarct size, apoptosis and inflammation. Importantly, in the clinical setting, human tissue kallikrein has been proven to be effective in the treatment of patients with acute brain infarction when injected within 48 h after stroke onset. Finally, kallikrein promotes skin wound healing and keratinocyte migration by direct activation of protease-activated receptor 1.
Origin and Molecular Specification of Globus Pallidus Neurons
Authors: Nóbrega-Pereira Sandrina , Gelman Diego , Bartolini Giorgia , Pla Ramón , Pierani Alessandra , Marín Oscar
Published: February 2010

The mechanisms controlling the assembly of brain nuclei are poorly understood. In the forebrain, it is typically assumed that the formation of nuclei follows a similar sequence of events that in the cortex. In this structure, projection neurons are generated sequentially from common progenitor cells and migrate radially to reach their final destination, whereas interneurons are generated remotely and arrive to the cortex through tangential migration. Using the globus pallidus as a model to study the formation of forebrain nuclei, we found that the development of this basal ganglia structure involves the generation of several distinct classes of projection neurons from relatively distant progenitor pools, which then assemble together through tangential migration. Our results thus suggest that tangential migration in the forebrain is not limited to interneurons, as previously thought, but also involves projection neurons and reveal that the assembly of forebrain nuclei is more complex than previously anticipated.
Low temperature sintering of nano-SiC using a novel Al8B4C7 additive
Authors: Lee Sea-Hoon , Kim Byung-Nam , Tanaka Hidehiko
Published: February 2010

Al8B4C7 was used as a sintering additive for the densification of nano-SiC powder. The average grain size was approximately 70 nm after sintering SiC-12.5wt% Al8B4C7 at 1550 °C. The densification rate strongly depended on the sintering temperature and the applied pressure. The rearrangement of SiC particles occurred at the initial shrinkage, while viscous flow and liquid phase sintering became important at the middle and final stage of densification.
Revelation of the effect of structural heterogeneity on microplasticity in bulk metallic-glasses
Authors: Yang Yong , Ye Jianchao , Lu Jian , Wang Qing , Liaw Peter K.
Published: February 2010

In this article, the shear-banding behavior in bulk metallic-glasses (BMGs) is studied using a focused ion beam (FIB)-based nanoindentation method, which involves cylindrical nanoindentation of a FIB-milled BMG microlamella and is capable of revealing the subsurface shear-band patterns down to the submicron scale. The results of the current study on a Zr-based BMG clearly show that short shear bands, with the lengths of a few hundred nanometers, could be severely kinked before growing into a longer one, which implies that structural heterogeneity plays an important role in the microplasticity of BMGs. Furthermore, through the three-dimensional finite-element simulation combined with the theoretical calculation based on the Mohr–Coulomb law, it is found that the yield strengths exhibit a large scatter as a consequence of the structural heterogeneity when microplasticity occurs in the Zr-based BMG, which is consistent with our recent findings obtained from the microcompression experiments.
Contrôle de vira-cabeça do tomateiro pela destruição do vector: II - Comparação entre granutox-5 e pulverizações foliares com modernos inseticidas
Authors: Costa Cláudio L. , Alves Aldo , Nagai H. , Costa A. S.
Published: February 2010

Uma série de três ensaios com nove inseticidas diferentes foi realizada para estudar seus efeitos sôbre o contrôle do tripes vector de vira-cabeça. Granutox-5, aplicado no solo, Folidol 60 (0,25%) e Dieldrex 20. (2,0%), em pulverizações foliares, apresentaram os melhores resultados; Metasystox (i) (0,4%) e Phosdrin C. E. 2 (1,0%), em pulverizações, também foram bastante promissores para o contrôle da moléstia. À redução na porcentagem de infecção com a moléstia nos melhores tratamentos não correspondeu grande aumento de produção, em comparação com a testemunha. Isto foi atribuído, em parte, ao efeito fitotóxico de alguns inseticidas, uma vez que foram aplicados em concentrações bem mais elevadas do que as recomendadas pelos fabricantes.
Desenvolvimento do sistema radicular do arroz e do feijoeiro em duas séries de solo do vale do Paraíba
Authors: Inforzato Romeu , Guimarães Geraldo , Borgonovi Mário
Published: February 2010

Foram estudados os sistemas radiculares do arroz e do feijoeiro cultivados em solos das séries Coruputuba 1 e Quati 1, irrigados por elevação do lençol de água. O arroz apresentou 70% das raízes nos primeiros 5 cm de profundidade do solo, cerca de 93% até 10 cm e o restante, até 75 cm. Noventa e nove por cento das raízes estavam contidas na primeira camada de 25 cm de profundidade. O feijoeiro apresentou 62% de suas raízes nos primeiros 10 cm de profundidade do solo e o restante até 70 cm.
Melhoramento do cafeeiro: XXIX - Produtividade de cafeeiros de porte reduzido
Authors: Antunes C.S. Novaes , Mônaco L. C. , Carvalho A.
Published: February 2010

Os cultivares de porte pequeno mais promissores da coleção de cafeeiros da Seção de Genética foram plantados em um ensaio comparativo, instalado em 1954, em Campinas. Os dados de sete anos de colheitas dêsse ensaio revelaram que a progênie de prefixo C 1039-48 do cultivar 'São Bernardo' foi a de melhor produção, e a de prefixo C 1034-4 'San Ramon', a de produção mais reduzida. Outras observações foram efetuadas atinentes à altura das plantas, resistência à geada, tipos de sementes produzidas e tamanho das sementes do tipo chato, analisadas pela peneira média, a fim de melhor caracterizar êsses cultivares. Os resultados colhidos dão informações úteis para o trabalho de melhoramento, indicando plantas e progênies a serem utilizadas principalmente nas hibridações com outros cultivares selecionados.
Níveis de fertilidade dos solos do estado de São Paulo para a cultura algodoeira. I- Os teores de fósforo, nitrogênio e potássio
Authors: Verdade F. da Costa , Wutke Antônio Carlos Pimentel , Amaral A. Zingra do , Igue Kozen , Cavaleri Popílio A.
Published: February 2010

Durante os anos de 1957 a 1960, instalaram-se cêrca de 400 experiências de adubação para algodoeiro, nas principais zonas de exploração dessa malvácea no Estado de São Paulo. Dessas experiêncis, por diversas causas, só foram aproveitadas 216 para os estudos de fertilidade. Os resultados indicaram maior reação para o fósforo, pequena para o nitrogênio e raramente para o potássio. Estudando-se os teores de fósforo solúvel em H2SO4 0,05 N, foi possível diferenciar dois tipos de reação, um para solos arenosos e outros para argilosos, e estabelecer os respectivos níveis de fertilidade. Foram estabelecidos níveis, apenas preliminares, de reação ao nitrogênio, em virtude do pequeno número de experimentos com resposta significativa a esse elemento. Dado o pequeno número de experiências com reação ao potássio, nenhuma indicação se conseguiu sôbre os níveis de fertilidade para êsse elemento. Verificou-se relação entre o pH do solo e a reação à adubação fosfatada, diminuindo a ação desta com a elevação do pH. As experiências encontradas na literatura, abrangendo os mesmos solos e utilizando os mesmos extratores, permitiram confirmar os níveis de fertilidade preconizados para as condições do Estado de São Paulo.
Parcelamento e intervalo da aplicação de calcário
Authors: Amaral A. Zingra do , Verdade F. da CosTa , Schmidt Nélson C. , Wutke Antônio Carlos Pimentel , Igue Kozen
Published: February 2010

São apresentados os resultados de um ensaio com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos do parcelamento do calcário a intervalos variáveis. A dose de calcário foi aplicada de uma vez, em cada um dos três anos de condução da experiência (1959-60 a 1961-62), bem como parceladamente: um têrço por ano, metade no primeiro ano e no segundo, no segundo e no terceiro ou no primeiro e no terceiro. A eficiência dos tratamentos foi avaliada através dos seus eleitos no pH, nos teores trocáveis de H+ +Al+3, cálcio e magnésio do solo e na produção de milho. A aplicação de calcário atuou notàvelmente sôbre a produção de milho a partir do segundo ano. De modo geral, as diversas formas de aplicação se equivaleram, excluindo-se aquelas correspondentes ao parcelamento iniciado no segundo ano e à dose única empregada no terceiro. As variações de pH e de H+ + AI+3 não assumiram os valores teóricos esperados, situando-se bem aquém da expectativa. As determinações dos teores trocáveis de cálcio e de magnésio indicaram movimentação relativamente rápida e considerável dêsses elementos através do perfil do solo, atingindo a profundidade de 40-70 cm durante o periodo de condução da experiência.
Estudo da cultura canavieira na região de piracicaba por fotointerpretação - parte I
Authors: Audi Raul
Published: February 2010

Com auxílio da fotointerpretação, fêz-se o mapeamento da cultura canavieira nos municípios de Piracicaba, São Pedro, Charqueada e Iracemápolis. Foram observadas as características das culturas quanto ao aspecto, relevo do solo e ocorrência de erosão. Procurou-se, também, relacionar a distribuição geográfica das culturas com os tipos de solo, clima e localização das usinas.
Comportamento de fertilizantes fosfatados em diferentes condições de acidez do solo, para o trigo, com estudo do efeito residual para a soja
Authors: Blanco H. Garcia , Venturini W. R. , Gargantini H.
Published: February 2010

Foi estudado, em vasos de Mitscherlich, o comportamento de fertilizantes fosfatados, em duas dosagens de P2O5 total e três condições de pH do solo, em relação ao trigo e à soja, esta plantada para testar o efeito residual dos adubos. Dos cinco fosfatos estudados, os superfosfatos simples e triplo superaram os fosfatos naturais, na produção do trigo. Para a soja, as diferenças entre êles desapareceram. Nas duas culturas o fosfato Alvorada superou a média de produção da fosforita de Olinda e apatita de Araxá. Os fertilizantes fosfatados reagiram diferentemente cm presença de calagem. O superfosfato simples e o superfosfato triplo reagiram melhor em pH igual a 5,4 e 5,3, respectivamente. As melhores faixas de pH para os fosfatos naturais, foram 5,1 a 5,3, 4,7 a 5,0 e 4,8 a 5,3, respectivamente, para fosforita de Olinda, apatita de Araxá e fosfato Alvorada. As produções do trigo caíram da dose I para a dose 2 de calcário, tendo a curva de produção o seu ponto máximo entre essas duas doses. O efeito do calcário, para a soja, foi linear e altamente significativo, sendo de 62% o aumento verificado da dose 0 para a dose 2. Correlação entre reação do fósforo e pH do solo foi estabelecida, a fim de explicar o comportamento dos fertilizantes fosfatados.
Melhoramento do cafeeiro: XXX - produtividade de progênies de café em pindorama
Authors: Monaco L. C , Carvalho A. , Scaranari H. J.
Published: February 2010

Numerosas progênies de café foram já analisadas quanto ao desenvolvimento, produção e tipos de sementes, concomitantemente, em Campinas, Pindorama, Ribeirão Prêto, Mococa, Jaú e Monte Alegre do Sul. Aquelas que se revelaram de maior capacidade adaptativa foram estudadas com maiores detalhes, em ensaios comparativos, nessas mesmas localidades. Um dêsses ensios foi plantado na Estação Experimental de Pindorama, em 1953, e teve produções controladas por 10 anos, de 1955 a 1964. Compreende nove linhagens, sendo três do 'Mundo Nôvo', quatro de 'Bourbon Amarelo' e duas derivadas de híbridos entre o 'Bourbon Vermelho' e 'Típica' e 'Bourbon Vermelho' e 'Amarelo de Botucatu'. Os dados obtidos são relatados e indicam, quanto à produção, que as progênies do 'Mundo Nôvo' P516 e P515 são as mais promissoras. Apenas uma progênie do 'Bourbon Amarelo' mostrou-se dentro do mesmo grupo das seleções do 'Mundo Nôvo ', embora, aproximadamente, 27% menos produtiva do que a progenie P516. As progênies do 'Mundo Nôvo' revelaram ter sementes maiores e maior porcentagem de sementes do tipo chato. As porcentagens de sementes moca e concha foram menos variáveis, sendo que também as seleções do 'Mundo Nôvo' apresentaram menor frequência de moca e igual quantidade de concha.
O impacto das políticas públicas no desenvolvimento de arranjos produtivos locais: o caso do APL de ovinocaprinocultura em Quixadá, Ceará
Authors: Barroso Janayna arruda , Soares Alexandre Araújo Cavalcante
Published: February 2010

Este artigo enfoca o papel das políticas públicas para o desenvolvimento de arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) na região Nordeste. Uma das formas de o governo alavancar os APLs é com a criação de políticas que apoiem o desenvolvimento dessas aglomerações de empresas. No Brasil, tais políticas de incentivo aos APLs têm se tornado consistentes e já se pode visualizar os resultados satisfatórios de sua implementação. Por meio de um estudo de caso, este artigo analisa o exemplo de um conjunto de políticas implementadas em um APL de ovinocaprinocultura na região Nordeste. A seguinte questão norteou o estudo: qual o impacto das políticas públicas implementadas no APL selecionado, em termos de desenvolvimento local e melhoria nas condições de vida dos sujeitos? Adotou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo levantadas evidências a partir de análise documental e entrevistas a 13 atores sociais locais. Constatou-se que as políticas públicas implementadas no APL de ovinocaprinocultura localizado no sertão de Quixadá, Ceará, tiveram um significativo impacto para os criadores da região, que têm experimentado melhoria nos processos de manejo do rebanho, ensejando melhor produção, o que representa ganho significativo para os participantes do APL.
Inventário de estratégias de enfrentamento: um referencial teórico
Authors: Damião Elaine Buchhorn Cintra , Rossato Lisabelle Mariano , Fabri Letícia Rosa de Oliveira , Dias Vanessa Cristina
Published: February 2010

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar as estratégias de enfrentamento utilizadas por adolescentes na experiência de ter diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, exploratório-descritivo, que tem o Interacionismo Simbólico e o Inventário de Estratégias de Enfrentamento como referenciais teóricos e a Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados como o referencial metodológico. Participaram do estudo 10 adolescentes, de 12 a 18 anos, com DM1 diagnosticado há pelo menos um ano. As estratégias de enfrentamento identificadas pertencem aos fatores: Confronto, Afastamento, Autocontrole, Suporte Social, Aceitação de Responsabilidade, Fuga-Esquiva, Resolução de Problemas, Reavaliação Positiva. A identificação das estratégias permitirá que os enfermeiros proponham intervenções que auxiliem o adolescente a conviver melhor com sua situação de doença.
Percepção da equipe de enfermagem acerca de um serviço de educação continuada de um hospital universitário
Authors: Braga Aline Togni , Melleiro Marta Maria
Published: February 2010

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o Serviço de Educação Continuada (SEC) de um hospital de ensino, sob a ótica da equipe de enfermagem, nas dimensões avaliativas de estrutura, de processo e de resultado. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, realizado em hospital universitário privado. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um instrumento composto por uma escala de Likert. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado por meio da estatística descritiva e pelo emprego do teste Alpha de Cronbach. Na análise dos resultados, observou-se que nas três dimensões avaliativas (estrutura, processo e resultado) a equipe de enfermagem teve percepção favorável quanto às atividades desenvolvidas por este serviço. Entretanto, na comparação, a que obteve maior escores de favorabilidade foi a de estrutura, média de 42,56 (dp±4,97) e o menor a de processo, média 40,44 (dp±5,11).
Articulação teoria-prática e processo ensino-aprendizagem em uma disciplina de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva
Authors: Campos Célia Maria Sivalli , Soares Cássia Baldini , Trapé Carla Andréa , Silva Bárbara Ribeiro Buffette , Silva Tatiana Cristina
Published: February 2010

Este estudo tomou como objeto a articulação teoria-prática da disciplina Fundamentos e Práticas da Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva, do curso de graduação em enfermagem da EEUSP, e como objetivos: identificar a apreensão dos conceitos da disciplina e verificar sua aplicação nas práticas de enfermagem entre esses estudantes de graduação. Utilizou questionário com questões fechadas e abertas para apreensão empírica do objeto, através de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que a dimensão teórica apenas em parte possibilitou sínteses capazes de fomentar práticas sociais coerentes com o arcabouço teórico-conceitual da Saúde Coletiva. Para superar essa dificuldade faz-se necessário explicitar as diferentes abordagens teórico-metodológicas que fundamentam as práticas e que o educador direcione o educando para elaboração de sínteses, com a finalidade de formar enfermeiros comprometidos com a interpretação da saúde-doença como processo social e da saúde como direito social e, portanto, com a transformação das práticas reiterativas do modelo hegemônico.