bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translational Research in Pediatrics: Tissue Sampling and Biobanking
Authors: Brisson Alayne R. , Matsui Doreen , Rieder Michael J. , Fraser Douglas D.
Published: December 2011

Translational research is expanding and has become a focus of National Research funding agencies, touted as the primary avenue to improve health care practice. The use of human tissues for research on disease etiology is a pillar of translational research, particularly with innovations in research technologies to investigate the building blocks of disease. In pediatrics, translational research using human tissues has been hindered by the many practical and ethical considerations associated with tissue procurement from children and also by a limited population base for study, by the increasing complexities in conducting clinical research, and by a lack of dedicated child-health research funding. Given these obstacles, pediatric translational research can be enhanced by developing strategic and efficient biobanks that will provide scientists with quality tissue specimens to render accurate and reproducible research results. Indeed, tissue sampling and biobanking within pediatric academic settings has potential to impact child health by promoting bidirectional interaction between clinicians and scientists, helping to maximize research productivity, and providing a competitive edge for attracting and maintaining high-quality personnel. The authors of this review outline key issues and practical solutions to optimize pediatric tissue sampling and biobanking for translational research, activities that will ultimately reduce the burden of childhood disease.
How Often Are Teens Arrested for Sexting? Data From a National Sample of Police Cases
Authors: Wolak Janis , Finkelhor David , Mitchell Kimberly J.
Published: December 2011

Objective:

To examine characteristics of youth sexting cases handled by police and their outcomes in response to clinical and other concerns about the risks of sexting behavior.

Methods:

Mail surveys were sent to a stratified national sample of 2712 law enforcement agencies followed by detailed telephone interviews with investigators about a nationally representative sample of sexting cases handled by police during 2008 and 2009 (n = 675). The cases involved “youth-produced sexual images” that constituted child pornography under relevant statutes according to respondents.

Results:

US law enforcement agencies handled an estimated 3477 cases of youth-produced sexual images during 2008 and 2009 (95% confidence interval: 3282–3672). Two-thirds of the cases involved an “aggravating” circumstance beyond the creation and/or dissemination of a sexual image. In these aggravated cases, either an adult was involved (36% of cases) or a minor engaged in malicious, non-consensual, or abusive behavior (31% of cases). An arrest occurred in 62% of cases with an adult involved, in 36% of the aggravated youth-only cases, and in 18% of the “experimental” cases (youth-only and no aggravating elements). Most of the images (63%) were distributed by cell phone only and did not reach the Internet. Sex offender registration applied in only a few unusual cases.

Conclusions:

Many of the youth sexting cases that come to the attention of police include aggravating circumstances that raise concerns about health and risky sexual behavior, although some cases were relatively benign. Overall, arrest is not typical in cases with no adults involved.
Modelagem probabilística de setores de um sistema elétrico
Authors: Cordeiro Gauss M. , Cristino Cláudio T. , Prudente Andrea A. , Daniel Christian D.A.
Published: December 2011

Os sistemas de geração e transmissão de energia elétrica (assim como outros sistemas complexos) podem ser modelados a partir de um grafo. Há necessidade de se otimizar recursos destinados aos sistemas de proteção de tais redes, assim como, a minimização de perdas advindas de grandes acidentes. A chamada avaliação probabilística de risco indica fragilidades no sistema em termos de proteção instalada e de fatores inerentes aos componentes. O artigo apresenta um modelo de análise dos riscos do sistema elétrico, atribuindo distribuições de falhas para cada componente ou conjunto de componentes, além de propor o modelo de propagação de tais falhas.
Um atlas contra o vento
Authors: Antelo Raúl
Published: December 2011

Este artigo aborda duas exposições, Atlas. Como llevar el mundo a cuestas?, cujo curador foi Georges Didi-Huberman e Imágenes e Historias. Argentina 1848-2010, curada por Diana Wechsler. Am-bas consideram a produção artística como fruto de montagem, em que objetos, espaços e tempos podem ser reconfigurados. Am-bas também encaram a experiência da imagem com base não na ordem cronológica e logocêntrica, como no historicismo clássico, mas a partir do reconhecimento da densidade de sentidos da imagem, bem como de seu poder expressivo, capaz de desestabilizar paradigmas epistemológicos da história da arte.
Leitura finita de um texto infinito: Galáxias de Haroldo de Campos
Authors: Oseki-Dépré Inês
Published: December 2011

Este artigo examina o fragmento 45 das Galáxias de Haroldo de Campos em sua tradução francesa considerada como texto original. Na primeira parte, a autora interroga o aspecto meteórico do texto no intuito de demonstrar de que maneira o poema é ao mesmo tempo memória e devir da língua. Em um segundo momento, a questão da intertextualidade latente no fragmento é abordada como um saber sobre a literatura. Trata-se de mostrar, por meio de uma análise da aporia da tradução, que se o texto traz consigo um saber sobre a literatura, ele também comporta outros elementos cognitivos a serem decodificados em sua recepção. A escrita haroldiana é assim apreendida em sua reapropriação das estruturas barrocas.
Oral Care Practices and A1c Among Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Merchant Anwar T. , Oranbandid Supatra , Jethwani Monica , Choi Youn‐Hee , Morrato Elaine H. , Pitiphat Waranuch , Mayer‐Davis Elizabeth J.
Published: December 2011

Background: Periodontal treatment is associated with lower hemoglobin A1c in individuals with diabetes, but the relationship between oral hygiene practices and A1c among youth with diabetes is understudied.

Methods: This study evaluates the cross‐sectional relationships among oral health habits, reported oral conditions, and A1c and control of diabetes among a subset of youth with diabetes enrolled in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study in South Carolina. Oral hygiene practices were determined by questionnaire, and periodontal bone loss was defined as alveolar bone loss ≥3 mm on ≥1 permanent tooth site on preexisting bitewing radiographs. A1c was considered controlled if individuals were aged ≤6 years with A1c <8.5%; aged 7 to 11 years with A1c <8.0%; aged 12 to 18 years with A1c <7.5%; and aged ≥19 years with A1c <7.0%.

Results: Among 155 participants, 68% brushed their teeth no less than once daily, 84% flossed, and 70% rinsed, respectively, less than once a week. Diabetes control was associated with toothbrushing (≥1 time daily [odds ratio (OR) = 3.10; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26 to 7.62] and using mouthrinse at least once weekly (OR = 3.33; 95% CI = 1.30 to 8.54) after multivariate adjustment. Periodontal bone loss was three times more common among those with dry mouth (OR = 3.05; 95% CI = 1.07 to 8.70).

Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware that children with diabetes tend to have poor oral hygiene practices. Dry mouth may indicate periodontal bone loss in children with diabetes.
The Effect of Internal Versus External Abutment Connection Modes on Crestal Bone Changes Around Dental Implants: A Radiographic Analysis
Authors: Koo Ki‐Tae , Lee Eun‐Jeong , Kim Jae‐Yoon , Seol Yang‐Jo , Han Jung Suk , Kim Tae‐Il , Lee Yong Moo , Ku Young , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Rhyu In‐Chul
Published: December 2011

Background: To the best of our knowledge, the influence of external versus internal implant–abutment connections on crestal bone remodeling has not been reported. The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of the abutment connection on peri‐implant crestal bone levels (CBLs) using radiographic recordings.

Methods: Radiographic recordings from 40 single‐tooth implants (20 external and 20 internal octagonal connections; one implant/patient) in 40 patients (15 males and 25 females; mean age: 54.3 years) were selected for analyses. The radiographic evaluation included the following: 1) linear bone change (LBC); 2) dimensional change (DC); and 3) angle between the implant and adjacent bone (AIB). Differences in LBC, DC, and AIB between implant placement and 1 year after loading for each system were evaluated using a paired t test. Comparison of LBC, DC, and AIB between systems at 1 year after loading was done using analysis of covariance. The significance level was set at P ≤0.05.

Results: Radiographic CBLs (LBCs) were reduced at 1 year after loading compared to those at implant placement to reach statistical significance for the external connection (P = 0.000) but not the internal connection (P = 0.939). CBL changes were significantly greater for the external compared to the internal connection (P = 0.000). Similarly, the DC for the external connection was significantly greater compared to that for the internal connection (P = 0.004).

Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the implant–abutment connection technology appears to have a significant impact on peri‐implant CBLs, with the external connection paralleled by a significant reduction of CBLs.
Plasma Rich In Growth Factors Promote Gingival Tissue Regeneration by Stimulating Fibroblast Proliferation and Migration and by Blocking Transforming Growth Factor‐β1‐Induced Myodifferentiation
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Troya María , Orive Gorka
Published: December 2011

Background: Periodontitis involves inflammation and infection of the ligaments and bones that support the teeth. Gingival fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in periodontal tissue, and they play a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the tissue. Plasma rich in growth factors contain a pool of proteins and growth factors that promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. In the present study, we evaluate the potential of different formulations obtained with this approach to stimulate several biologic processes involved in wound healing, including fibroblast proliferation, migration, adhesion, and the autocrine release of some angiogenic factors and extracellular matrix components. Furthermore, the ability of this technology to prevent and inhibit transforming growth factor β1‐induced myodifferentiation was also determined.

Methods: Cell proliferation was evaluated through a colorimetric assay, cell migration was performed on culture inserts, and cell adhesion was studied through a fluorescence‐based method. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine some of the biomolecules released by gingival fibroblasts. Smooth muscle actin expression was assessed through immunofluorescence microscopy.

Results: Results showed that plasma rich in growth factors significantly increased gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration, and cell adhesion on type I collagen matrix. In addition, it stimulated the autocrine expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and hyaluronic acid. The myofibroblast phenotype, which is characterized by expressing α‐smooth muscle actin, was inhibited and reverted by treating with this technology.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that plasma rich in growth factors is capable of promoting regeneration of gingival connective tissue by stimulating some of the main processes involved in wound regeneration.
Deposition of hematite particles on alumina seal faceplates of nuclear reactor coolant pumps: Laboratory experiments and industrial feedback
Authors: Lefèvre Grégory , Zivkovic Ljiljana , Jaubertie Anne
Published: December 2011

In the primary circuit of pressurized water reactors (PWR), the dynamic
sealing system in reactor coolant pumps is ensured by mechanical seals whose
ceramic parts are in contact with the cooling solution. During the
stretch-out phase in reactor operation, characterized by low boric acid
concentration, the leak-off flow has been observed to abnormally evolve in
industrial plants. The deposition of hematite particles, originating from
corrosion, on alumina seals of coolant pumps is suspected to be the cause.
As better understanding of the adhesion mechanism is the key factor in the
prevention of fouling and particle removal, an experimental study was
carried out using a laboratory set-up. With model materials, hematite and
sintered alumina, the adhesion rate and surface potentials of the
interacting solids were measured under different chemical conditions
(solution pH and composition) in analogy with the PWR ones. The obtained
results were in good agreement with the DLVO (Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-
Overbeek) theory and used as such to interpret this industrial phenomenon.
Hemocompatibility and swelling studies of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-itaconic acid-co-poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate) hydrogels
Authors: Dobic Sava , Jovasevic Jovana , Vojisavljevic Marija , Tomic Simonida
Published: December 2011

In this study novel series of hydrogels, based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
(HEMA), itaconic acid (IA) and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylates
(PEGDMA) (of varying molecular weight and concentration) were prepared by
free radical crosslinking copolymerization. Preliminary hemocompatibility
characterization of hydrogels obtained by hemolytic activity assay indicated
good compatibility with blood. Preliminary biocompatibility characterization
of P(HEMA/IA/PEGDMA) hydrogels, done by the cytotoxicity assays using the
HeLa cell line revails that the cell viability of all samples was the range
of 97?100%, with no significant decrease in cell viability with the change
of PEGDMA molecular weight and concentration. Swelling studies were
conducted for all P(HEMA/IA/PEGDMA) samples in a physiological pH and
temperature range and network parameters were determined. Swelling studies
showed pH sensitive behaviour, typical for anionic hydrogels, and
temperature dependent swelling. The effects of concentration of PEGDMA
component on hydrogel swelling properties depend on the PEGDMA molecular
weight. The samples with 550PEGDMA show different swelling capacities when
550PEGDMA content is changed, whereas for P(HEMA/IA/875PEGDMA) samples there
was practically no difference in equilibrium degree of swelling, qe ,with
varying 875PEGDMA content, which trend is the same as in the case of qe
versus pH dependences. It was concluded that P(HEMA/IA/PEGDMA) hydrogels
show good potential to be used as biomedical materials.
‘We've Spent too Much Money to Go Back Now’: Credit-Crunched Literacy and a Future for Learning
Authors: Brabazon Tara
Published: December 2011

This is an article of activism, application and intervention. It offers new models and modes of teaching and learning by aligning information literacy, media literacy and multiliteracy. The priority is on learning outcomes rather than technological choices, and social justice rather than transferable skills. These are not – obviously – ‘either/or’ categories, but the author wishes to shift thinking to demonstrate the diversity of assessment options that can activate the insights and innovations of literacy theory. The aim is to show, through examples and applications in university assessment, how students can move from everyday competencies and skill development and into disciplinary and transdisciplinary scholarship. With public funding under threat, the time for ‘easy’ technological solutions to complicated problems in widening participation agendas requires renewed commitment to literacy, professional development and academic expertise.
The Educational and Political Significance of the New Social Media: A Dialogue with Linda Herrera and Michael A. Peters
Authors: Herrera Linda , Peters Michael A.
Published: December 2011

The year 2010 was named the Year of Social Media, a technology of communication and for creating and exchanging ‘User Generated Content’. The year 2010 also marked the start of the Arab revolts where, in Tunisia and Egypt, social media served as a critical platform for expressing dissent, organizing, and providing citizen media accounts of events. Social media are incurably commercial, but at the same time carry substantial social and political benefits. This dialogue raises questions about the educational and political significance of new social media in a contested age of cybernetic capitalism.
Role of red cell distribution width (RDW) in the detection of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy within the first 20 weeks of gestation
Authors: Sultana GS , Haque SA , Sultana T , Rahman Q , Ahmed ANN
Published: December 2011

Iron deficiency anemia is common problem during pregnancy. Red cell size variation (anisocytosis) is the earliest morphologic changes in iron deficiency anemia. Red cell distribution width is a quantitative measure of red cell size variation and it can give the idea of early iron deficiency before other test to become positive.190 pregnant women were included in this study. Red cell distribution width was compared between iron deficient & non-iron deficient pregnant women. Red cell distribution width also compared with Hb level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and peripheral blood film in prelatent iron deficiency, latent iron deficiency, mild and moderate iron deficiency anemia. Red cell distribution width had sensitivity 82.3% and specificity 97.4%. Whereas Hb level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and peripheral blood film all had 56.6%, 29.2%, 68.1%, 15% and 38.9% sensitivity but specificity was 90.9%, 98.7%, 83.1%, 96.1% and 98.7% in the detection of iron deficiency. Red cell distribution width appears to be a reliable and useful parameter for detection of iron deficiency during pregnancy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v37i3.9122 BMRCB 2011; 37(3): 102-105
Immunohistochemical Assessment of Expression of Centromere Protein—A (CENPA) in Human Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Rajput Ashish B. , Hu Nianping , Varma Sonal , Chen Chien-Hung , Ding Keyue , Park Paul C. , Chapman Judy-Anne W. , SenGupta Sandip K. , Madarnas Yolanda , Elliott Bruce E. , Feilotter Harriet E.
Published: December 2011

Abnormal cell division leading to the gain or loss of entire chromosomes and consequent genetic instability is a hallmark of cancer. Centromere protein –A (CENPA) is a centromere-specific histone-H3-like variant gene involved in regulating chromosome segregation during cell division. CENPA is one of the genes included in some of the commercially available RNA based prognostic assays for breast cancer (BCa)—the 70 gene signature MammaPrint® and the five gene Molecular Grade Index (MGISM). Our aim was to assess the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of CENPA in normal and malignant breast tissue. Clinically annotated triplicate core tissue microarrays of 63 invasive BCa and 20 normal breast samples were stained with a monoclonal antibody against CENPA and scored for percentage of visibly stained nuclei. Survival analyses with Kaplan–Meier (KM) estimate and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to assess the associations between CENPA expression and disease free survival (DFS). Average percentage of nuclei visibly stained with CENPA antibody was significantly higher (p = 0.02) in BCa than normal tissue. The 3-year DFS in tumors over-expressing CENPA (>50% stained nuclei) was 79% compared to 85% in low expression tumors ( 60.07; p = 0.06) within our small cohort. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published report evaluating the implications of increased IHC expression of CENPA in paraffin embedded breast tissue samples. Our finding that increased CENPA expression may be associated with shorter DFS in BCa supports its exploration as a potential prognostic biomarker.
Methyl 2-Benzyl-3-phenyl-2-(phenylsulfonyl)propanoate
Authors: Ramdani Mohammed , Loupy André , Petit Alain
Published: December 2011

The product 2 was prepared from methyl phenylsulfonyl acetate in situ by the solid-liquid PTC conditions without solvent [1-2].[...]
1,3-Diphenyl-2-phenylsulfonylpropane
Authors: Ramdani Mohammed , Loupy André , Petit Alain
Published: December 2011

The product 2 was prepared from methyl phenylsulfonyl acetate in situ by the solid-liquid PTC conditions without solvent [1-5].[...]
2-Amino-4,10-dimethylpyrrolo[3,4-b]carbazole-1,3(2H,5H)-dione
Authors: Haider Norbert , Wanko Richard
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] was presented elsewhere.[...]
4,5-Dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzhydrol
Authors: Smirnov Sergey , Stroganova Tat'yana , Butin Alexander
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere. To a boiling solution of 4,5-dimethoxy-4-nitrobenzophenone (10.0 g, 35 mmol) in ethanol (85 ml), NaBH4 (0.61 g) was added gradually.
1-Hydroxymethyl-3-ethoxy-5-methylpyrazole
Authors: Touzani Rachid , Ramdani Abdelkrim , El Kadiri Sghir , Gourand Fabienne
Published: December 2011

The product 2 was prepared by the addition of formalin (CH2O) to 1 [1] according to the reported procedure [2].[...]
Methyl (2E,4E)-5-Anilino-4-(methoxycarbonyl)penta-2,4-dienoate
Authors: Zhuo Jin-Cong
Published: December 2011

Method A: A mixture of methyl propiolate (0.42 g, 5 mmol) and aniline (0.47 g, 5 mmol) in MeCN (3 ml) was heated at 100ºC in a sealed-tube for 1 h.[...]
N-(3-Trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-nitroaniline
Authors: Durantini Edgardo
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section and the purposes of this synthesis have been present elsewhere [1].[...]
4-Hydroxy-6-methyl-3-nitroso-1-phenethyl-2(1H)-pyridinone
Authors: Stoyanov Edmont , Ivanov Ivo
Published: December 2011

The starting 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1-phenethyl-2(1H)-pyridinone (1) was prepared according to the known procedure [1,2].[...]
2-Ethyl-1-hydroxymethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-9H-carbazole
Authors: Haider Norbert , Wanko Richard
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
Menthyl 2-Benzyl-2-phenylsulfonyl Acetate
Authors: Ramdani Mohammed , Elidrissi Abderrahmane
Published: December 2011

The product 2 was prepared from menthyl phenylsulfonyl acetate in situ by the solid-liquid PTC conditions without solvent.[...]
[2R*,5S*,6S*]-2-Methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undec-3-en-5-ol§
Authors: Brimble Margaret , Johnston Andrew
Published: December 2011

Isomerisations of epoxides to allylic alcohols have been effected by strong non-nucleophilic bases such as lithium dialkylamides.[...]
1-(2-Benzylaminophenyl)-2-phenylbenzimidazole
Authors: Zhao Ke-Qing , Hu Ping , Zhao Shi-Lin , Xu Hong-Bo
Published: December 2011

When the imine-amine compound, bis[(2-benzylideneimino)phenyl]amine [1], is heated in presence of a transition metal salt (for example FeCl3), a reaction occur leading to a new compound.[...]
3-Chloro-5-methoxy-1-benzo[b]thiophene-2-sulphonamide
Authors: Moloney Gerard
Published: December 2011

As part of a research programme targeting novel molecules as potential anti-inflammatory agents we synthesised 3-Chloro-5-methoxy-1-benzo[b]thiophene-2-sulphonylamide base on the reported anti-inflammatory activity of the structurally related molecule 3-Isopropoxy-5-methoxy-N-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetraazol-5-yl)-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide [1,2].[...]
A New Xanthone from Swertia decora
Authors: Xiao Huai , Chen Zenai , Liu Guangming , Qian Jinfu , Lu Yang
Published: December 2011

Members of genus Swertia (Gentianaceae) have been the source of many active xanthones.[...]
[4R*,5R*,6S*]-1,7-Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-4,5-diol
Authors: Brimble Margaret , Johnston Andrew
Published: December 2011

A solution of [3R*,4R*,5S*,6S*]-3,4-epoxy-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-5-ol (1) (561 mg, 3.01mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (30 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere was cooled to 0 deg.C in an ice/water bath.[...]
E,E-1-(4-Bromophenyl)-5-(3-indolyl)-1,4-pentadien-3-one
Authors: Sun Gang-Chun , Guo Rui-Yun , Qu Jian-Qiang , Wang Liu-Fang , Chang Jun-Biao , Chen Rong-Feng
Published: December 2011

3-(1-Butenone-3)indole 1 was prepared by previously published method [1].[...]
2-Bromo-3-ethylthiazolium Tetrafluoroborate (BET)
Authors: Kovács Györgyi , Kele Zoltán , Forgó Péter , Kovács Lajos
Published: December 2011

Recent progress in peptide synthesis resulted in the elaboration of novel coupling agents. One successful approach involves the application of thiazolium salts, e.g. 2-bromo-3-ethyl-4-methylthiazolium tetrafluoroborate (BEMT) [1-3].[...]
Bis[(3,5-dimethyl pyrazol)-1-yl Thiocarbonyl)] Disulfide
Authors: El Idrissi Abderrahman , Tebbji Karim , Radi Smaail
Published: December 2011

This experiment is performed according to literature method [1-4].[...]
4-Hydroxyphenyl 4-Ferrocenylbenzoate
Authors: Zhao Ke-Qing , Hu Ping , Xu Hong-Bo
Published: December 2011

The reaction of 4-ferrocenylbenzoyl chloride with 1,4-dihydroxybenzene gives 4-hydroxyphenyl 4-ferrocenylbenzoate, which contains a free hydroxyl group and it can be used for the synthesis of ester mono-substituted liquid crystal and hydrogen-bonded supra-molecular liquid crystals [1].[...]
3,3-Bis(5-methylfur-2-yl)-2-oxoindoline
Authors: Gutnov Andrey
Published: December 2011

To a boiling solution of isatine (3 g, 20 mmol) and sylvan (4 ml, 50 mmol) in 30 ml of dioxane one drop of 70% perchloric acid was added.[...]
3,5-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-methyl-4-thiophenoxypyridinium Iodide
Authors: Kay A.J. , Woolhouse A.D.
Published: December 2011

3,5-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-4-thiophenoxypyridine is readily converted to its pyridinium methiodide.[...]
1-Ethyl 4-(2-methoxyethyl) 2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)butanedioate
Authors: Zhuo Jin-Cong , Wyler Hugo
Published: December 2011

The diester 2 was prepared by the addition of 2-methoxyethanol to 1 according to the reported procedure [1].[...]
2(S,R),3(R,S)-2,3-Dibromo-3-methyl-5-phenyl-2-pentanoic Acid
Authors: Stoermer Martin , Pinhey John
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
2(R,S),3(S,R)-2,3-Dibromo-3-methyl-5-phenyl-2-pentanoic Acid
Authors: Stoermer Martin , Pinhey John
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
Ethyl 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenylpentanoate
Authors: Stoermer Martin , Pinhey John
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
1-Ethyl 4-propyl 2-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-5-yl)butanedioate
Authors: Zhuo Jin-Cong , Wyler Hugo
Published: December 2011

The diester 2 was prepared by the addition of propanol to 1 according to the reported procedure [1] [...]
3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-5-phenylpentanoic Acid
Authors: Stoermer Martin , Pinhey John
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
2,3-Dibromo-2-methyl-5-phenylpentanoic Acid
Authors: Stoermer Martin , Pinhey John
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
Tributyl-[(Z)-5-phenyl-2-penten-2-yl]stannane
Authors: Stoermer Martin , Pinhey John
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
Ethyl (E)-3-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-2-butenoate
Authors: Stoermer Martin , Pinhey John
Published: December 2011

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...]
(1R,2S)-N-Benzyl-N-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-(2-thienyl)methyl] Hydroxylamine
Authors: Merino Pedro , Franco Santiago , Merchan Francisco , Tejero Tomas
Published: December 2011

A cooled solution (-90°C) of thiophene (0.252 g, 3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was treated with butyllithium (2 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexane, 3.2 mmol) under an inert atmopshere.[...]
(1S,2S)-N-Benzyl-N-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)-(2-thienyl)methyl] Hydroxylamine
Authors: Merino Pedro , Franco Santiago , Merchan Francisco , Tejero Tomas
Published: December 2011

A cooled solution (-90°C) of thiophene (0.252 g, 3 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was treated with butyllithium (2 mL of a 1.6 M solution in hexane, 3.2 mmol) under an inert atmopshere.[...]
3,3'-[Diselenobis(methylene)]bis[5-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-pyridinemethanol
Authors: Chen Wei-Min , Zeng Long-Mei
Published: December 2011

The intermediate 3 was synthesized utilizing the methodology of Deng [1].[...]
A New Diglycoside of Diterpene from Ageratina vacciniaefolia
Authors: Torrenegra Rubén , Robles Jorge , Pedrozo Julio , Pescador Beatriz
Published: December 2011

From leaves and flowers of Ageratina vacciniaefolia [1-7] we have isolated several compounds: a flavonoid, a diterpene [8] and a new compound identified as b-D-glucopyranosil ester of (-)17-(bglucopiranosyloxyl)- 16-hydroxy-kauran-19-oic acid (see the formula).[...]
Genetic Diversity and Identification of Chinese-Grown Pecan Using ISSR and SSR Markers
Authors: Jia Xiao-Dong , Wang Tao , Zhai Min , Li Yong-Rong , Guo Zhong-Ren
Published: December 2011

Pecan is an important horticultural nut crop originally from North America and now widely cultivated in China for its high ecological, ornamental and economic value. Currently, there are over one hundred cultivars grown in China, including introduced American cultivars and Chinese seedling breeding cultivars. Molecular markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of these cultivars and to identify the pedigrees of fine pecan plants with good characteristics and no cultivar-related data. A total of 77 samples grown in China were studied, including 14 introduced cultivars, 12 domestic seedling breeding cultivars, and 49 fine pecan plants with no cultivar data, together with Carya cathayensis and Juglans nigra. A total of 77 ISSR and 19 SSR primers were prescreened; 10 ISSR and eight SSR primers were selected, yielding a total of 94 amplified bands (100% polymorphic) in the range of 140–1,950 bp for the ISSR and 70 amplified bands (100% polymorphic) in the range of 50–350 bp for SSR markers. Genetic diversity analyses indicated Chinese-grown pecan cultivars and fine plants had significant diversity at the DNA level. The dengrograms constructed with ISSR, SSR or combined data were very similar, but showed very weak grouping association with morphological characters. However, the progeny were always grouped with the parents. The great diversity found among the Chinese cultivars and the interesting germplasm of the fine pecan plants analyzed in this study are very useful for increasing the diversity of the pecan gene pool. All 77 accessions in this study could be separated based on the ISSR and SSR fingerprints produced by one or more primers. The results of our study also showed that ISSR and SSR techniques were both suitable for genetic diversity analyses and the identification of pecan resources.
Free-Radical Scavenging Properties and Reducing Power of Grape Cane Extracts from 11 Selected Grape Cultivars Widely Grown in China
Authors: Zhang Ang , Fang Yulin , Wang Hua , Li Hua , Zhang Zhenwen
Published: December 2011

Total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), related antioxidative and antiradical capabilities of grape cane extracts from 11 varieties (five V. vinifera cultivars and six Chinese wild grapes) widely grown in China were evaluated. Antioxidant properties were determined as DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging abilities, superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, as well as reducing power. Phenolic profiles of the extracts were characterized by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. All extracts exhibited strong antioxidant and effective free radical inhibition activities (EC50 values), which generally correlated negatively with TPC (r = −0.804 to −0.918) and TFC (r = −0.749 to −0.888). In comparison with gallic acid, Trolox and tert-butylhydroquinone (positive controls), most grape cane extracts showed more efficient scavenging effects toward different reactive oxygen species. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and trans-resveratrol as major phenolic components in the extracts. These results suggest that grape cane extracts may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant for food and pharmaceutical application.
La briquetterie Oupray à Epouville (Pays de Caux, Seine-Maritime) : mélange d'industries du Paléolithique moyen récent et du Paléolithique supérieur ancien / The Dupray brickfield at Epouville (Pays de Caux, Seine-Maritime): mixture of late Middle Palaeolithic and early Upper Palaeolithic industries
Authors: Guette Caroline
Published: December 2011

Le gisement de la briqueterie Dupray, à Epouville (Seine-Maritime), a fait l'objet de fouilles dans les années 1970-1980. Le niveau archéologique des fouilles de 1975-1976 était systématiquement associé à une fine couche de limon grumeleux rapportée au début du Pléniglaciaire et avait alors été jugé en place et interprété comme Moustérien de Tradition Acheuléenne. Depuis, les incertitudes stratigraphiques liées à ces niveaux ont été de nombreuses fois soulignées, les hiatus sédimentaires étant nombreux, et les réétudes de cette industrie ont prouvé le mélange de couches archéologiques. En 1992, G. Drwila avait ainsi supposé la présence d'une série moustérienne et d'une série aurignacienne.

En dehors de cette interprétation, aucun vestige n'était jusqu'à présent rattaché à l'Aurignacien en Haute-Normandie, il était donc intéressant de réévaluer la validité de cette interprétation. Les nouvelles analyses que nous avons menées confirment le mélange d'industries :

- la plus récente, contenue dans le limon grumeleux, relève d'une phase ancienne du Paléolithique supérieur par contre, il est impossible de la caractériser davantage,

- la plus ancienne, dérivée du limon brun feuilleté voire du cailloutis sous-jacent, est issue du Paléolithique moyen récent.
Approvisionnement et alimentation carnée sur les sites de l'Age du Fer en Bretagne et en Normandie. L'exemple du site de "La Campagne" à Basly, Calvados / Breeding and meat diet on Iron Age sites of Brittany and Normandy. The case of "La Campagne" in Basly, dept. Calvados
Authors: Baudry Anna
Published: December 2011

La faune domestique et l'alimentation carnée sont très mal connues en Bretagne et en Normandie pour l'Age du Fer. Il est exact que la nouveauté de la discipline ainsi que l'acidité du substrat armoricain n'ont pas favorisé la recherche sur ce sujet. Toutefois, l'étude systématique des restes fauniques permettrait une meilleure connaissance de la gestion des troupeaux et de la consommation de viande à cette période dans l'ouest de la France. Les pages qui suivent proposent une première approche synthétique de la question à l'aide du recensement des données déjà existantes et de nouvelles informations, essentielles, obtenues par l'étude du matériel faunique de l'enclos halistattien du site de "La Campagne" à Basly (Calvados). Les fouilles du fossé de l'enclos ont livré plus de 4400 restes d'animaux dont un peu moins de la moitié a pu être déterminée. L'essentiel du dépôt est constitué de déchets alimentaires qui ont subi diverses altérations antérieures et postérieures à leur enfouissement. Ce lot se caractérise par une forte proportion d'animaux juvéniles pour les principales espèces domestiques (bœuf, porc, mouton-chèvre).

La mise en parallèle de ces différents éléments illustre une grande diversité des types de rejets mettant en valeur l'existence possible de spécificités au niveau régional et local au sein de ce vaste territoire.
Les coffres en pierre du sud-Bretagne : pseudo-ossar/a antiques et vrais pile-mil d'époque moderne / The Stone chests of southern Brittany: pseudo-Antique ossaria and real modem millet grinders
Authors: Maligorne Yvan , Eveillard Jean-Yves , Simon Jean-François
Published: December 2011

Plusieurs travaux récents dressent l'inventaire de coffres en pierre découverts en Morbihan et Finistère. Reprenant une interprétation formulée pour la première fois il y a près d'un demi-siècle, leurs auteurs les identifient à des réceptacles funéraires et les datent de l'Antiquité. L'étude proposée ici s'attache à démonter une hypothèse dont les faiblesses sont nombreuses, et lui oppose une nouvelle proposition. L'absence de contexte archéologique, la typologie des moulures, la nature du décor figuré, mais encore l'analyse fonctionnelle de ces objets montrent qu'il faut y reconnaître des mortiers d'époque moderne, destinés à piler le mil.
The Birth and Evolution of a Discipline Devoted to Information in Biomedicine and Health Care
Authors: Gefeller O. , Aronsky D. , Leong T. Y. , Sarkar I. N. , Bergemann D. , Lindberg D. A. B. , van Bemmel J. H. , Haux R. , McCray A. T.
Published: December 2011

Background: The journal Methods of Information in Medicine, founded in 1962, has now completed its 50th volume. Its publications during the last five decades reflect the formation of a discipline that deals with information in biomedicine and health care. Objectives: To report about 1) the journal‘s origin, 2) the individuals who have significantly contributed to it, 3) trends in the journal’s aims and scope, 4) influential papers and 5) major topics published in Methods over the years.

Methods: Methods included analysing the correspondence and journal issues in the archives of the editorial office and of the publisher, citation analysis using the ISI and Scopus databases, and analysing the articles’ Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in MEDLINE.

Results: In the journal’s first 50 years 208 editorial board members and/or editors contributed to the journal’s development, with most individuals coming from Europe and North America. The median time of service was 11 years. At the time of analysis 2,456 articles had been indexed with Me SH. Topics included computerized systems of various types, informatics methodologies, and topics related to a specific medical domain. Some MeSH topic entries were heavily and regularly represented in each of the journal‘s five decades (e.g. information systems and medical records), while others were important in a particular decade, but not in other decades (e.g. punched-card systems and systems integration). Seven papers were cited more than 100 times and these also covered a broad range of themes such as knowledge representation, analysis of biomedical data and knowledge, clinical decision support and electronic patient records. Conclusions: Methods of Information in Medicine is the oldest international journal in biomedical informatics. The journal’s development over the last 50 years correlates with the formation of this new discipline. It has and continues to stress the basic methodology and scientific fundamentals of organizing, representing and analysing data, information and knowledge in biomedicine and health care. It has and continues to stimulate multi-disciplinary communication on research that is devoted to high-quality, efficient health care, to quality of life and to the progress of biomedicine and the health sciences.
50 Years of Informatics Research on Decision Support: What’s Next
Authors: Gerdin U. , Lindberg D. A. B. , Lovis C. , Martin-Sanchez F. J. , Miller R. A. , Shortliffe E. H. , Leong T.-Y. , Mitchell J. A.
Published: December 2011

Objectives: To reflect on the history, status, and future trends of decision support in health and biomedical informatics. To highlight the new challenges posed by the complexity and diversity of genomic and clinical domains. To examine the emerging paradigms for supporting cost-effective, personalized decision making.

Methods: A group of international experts in health and biomedical informatics presented their views and discussed the challenges and issues on decision support at the Methods of Information in Medicine 50th anniversary symposium. The experts were invited to write short articles summarizing their thoughts and positions after the symposium.

Results and Conclusions: The challenges posed by the complexity and diversity of the domain knowledge, system infrastructure, and usage pattern are highlighted. New requirements and computational paradigms for representing, using, and acquiring biomedical knowledge and healthcare protocols are proposed. The underlying common themes identified for developing next-generation decision support include incorporating lessons from history, uniform vocabularies, integrative interfaces, contextualized decisions, personalized recommendations, and adaptive solutions.
L'Europe occidentale dans la politique extérieure soviétique de Brejnev à Gorbatchev, évolution ou révolution ?
Authors: Rey Marie-Pierre
Published: December 2011

Résumé L’article retrace l’évolution majeure, qui au plan des pratiques comme des représentations, a caractérisé la politique soviétique à l’égard de la cee , de l’arrivée de Leonid Brejnev au poste de secrétaire général du pcus en 1964 à la disparition de l’ urss en 1991. Alors que, de 1957 à 1964, l’ urss , campée dans un schéma hérité de la guerre froide, apparaît comme viscéralement hostile à la cee , une évolution sensible se dessine à la fin des années 1960. Toutefois, le rapprochement qui s’esquisse alors (l’ urss reconnaît de facto la cee en 1972) reste circonstanciel et limité. En revanche, avec la nouvelle pensée lancée en 1986, ce rapprochement, d’envergure inédite, change de nature et s’inscrit désormais dans la révolution idéaliste impulsée par Mikhaïl Gorbatchev.
Quand Berne aidait Moscou. Conception et perception de l'aide humanitaire suisse lors de l'effondrement de l'Union soviétique
Authors: Herrmann Irène
Published: December 2011

Résumé Comment peut-on donner de l’aide humanitaire à beaucoup plus puissant que soi ? Comment peut-on accepter des secours de beaucoup plus insignifiants que soi ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles ambitionne de répondre cet article en examinant la perception de l’assistance portée par la Confédération helvétique à la Russie (soviétique) avant, pendant et après la perestroïka. L’analyse de ces différents moments signale trois modes d’appréhension distincts de l’humanitaire : idéologique, pragmatique ou enfin imprégné de Realpolitik . Chacun de ces usages détermine une réception spécifique permettant soit d’afficher son appartenance à un camp politique précis, de faire face à une situation désastreuse ou de s’attacher les bonnes grâces de la communauté internationale. Au-delà de ces distinctions, on note pourtant que recevoir est souvent humiliant et donner généralement intéressé.
Posterior Horn Medial Meniscal Root Repair With Cruciate Ligament/Medial Collateral Ligament Combined Injuries
Authors: Wilson Brian F. , Johnson Darren L.
Published: December 2011

Many meniscal root tears remain unrepaired, potentially due to under-recognition and the technical challenge of repairing them. A great effort is made to preserve the native meniscus and restore the circumferential fibers for hoop stress resistance. It has been well demonstrated in the literature that failure to repair this will lead to increased contact pressures in the medial compartment and early degenerative changes in the articular cartilage. Our technique is one that allows the meniscus to resume its important role of knee stability. A thorough understanding of meniscal root anatomy, as well as repair techniques, is important for the cruciate ligament surgeon.
iPad Apps for Orthopedic Surgeons
Authors: Franko Orrin I. , Bhola Siddharth
Published: December 2011

The development and distribution of mobile applications, or apps, designed for medical professionals and patients is quickly expanding, and within this group are apps designed specifically for orthopedic use. Currently, the most popular mobile apps are sponsored by private companies and focus on delivering device-specific information. If this trend toward the use of privately funded educational materials continues, regulations may need to be established to ensure that the information provided is accurate, honest, and supported by peer-reviewed literature. It will likely be the responsibility of the orthopedic community to ensure that the development and use of these apps has appropriate oversight and validation as they are incorporated into clinical practice and training.
The Photophysical Properties of Pyropheophorbide-a in Different Laser Light and PDT Efficiency for Eca-109 Cell In Vitro
Authors: Mao Hui Jing , Chen Zhi Long , Ye Ying
Published: December 2011

Pyropheophorbid-a (PyroPheo) is one of the well-known photosensitizers which can be useful for future clinical applications. This work is aimed to compare and measure generation rates of single oxygen through activation of pyropheophorbide-a by four different wavelength, and observe the sensitivity of pyropheophorbide-a mediated photodynamic therapy for eca-109 cell. Methods: UV-vis spectrophotometrics was used to measure decrease of singlet oxygen probe 9,10-dimethylanthracene(DPBF) so as to evaluate singlet oxygen production generation. The Eca-109 cells were were exposed to light (650nm) with a constant light power of 200mW/cm2, at a distance of 5cm, for 25 to 200 seconds. The results were measured by MTT assay. Results: pyropheophorbide-a in DMF solution irradiation by different light power can produce singlet oxygen quickly. Comparison of single oxygen generation rate has proved that photodynamic effect at 532nm is fastest, followed by 650nm, 635nm, 690nm which has correlation with absorbance of pyropheophorbide-a. The survival rate of cells dropped after irradiation by light what was significantly different from other groups. Conclusion: pyropheophorbide-a is an excellent photosensitizer and prooxidant. Through activated by different wavelength it could be apply to different disease
Color Development Reaction Research of Melamine in Milk
Authors: Sun Xi Quan , Qiao Sheng Lin , Liu Zheng Xiao , Kong Ling Le
Published: December 2011

According to the color development reaction between starch/iodine reagent and products which obtained by fumigating melamine with chlorine, a method for determination of melamine in milk was put forward. The conditions of method were researched. The best conditions are as follows. Volume ratio of milk and extraction agent is 1:1. 5, dissolved with ultrasonic washer for 5 minutes, centrifugal separation 4000r/min for 5 minutes, extracted by C008 cation exchange resin column. The results are as follows: detection limit is 10mg/L, the linear range is 25-250 mg/L, related coefficient r is 0.994, coefficient of recovery is 94%-110%, and relatively standard deviation is 0.9%. This method is easy handling, cheap equipment, good practicability and recovery, can be used as low cost detection method.
First-Principles Study the Effects of Single Zinc or Oxygen Vacancy on the Electronic and Optical Properties of V-Doped ZnO
Authors: Wang Qing Bo , Zhou Cui
Published: December 2011

We researched the effect of single zinc or oxygen vacancy on the electronic and optical properties of V-doped ZnO. All calculations were performed by CASTEP in materials studio software. Total energy showed that an oxygen vacancy inclined to stay at the position far from vanadium (V). A zinc vacancy preferred to localize at the position near V. The V atom substitution for zinc (Zn) introduced spin-polarization at Fermi-level. Vanadium made electronic density of states moved to lower energy. Vanadium doping broadened the density of states peaks of pure ZnO. An oxygen or Zn vacancy also broadened the density of states peaks of V-doped ZnO. The V doping introduced optical properties at lower energy. An oxygen vacancy improved lower-energy optical properties much. Our calculation provided a reference for the preparation and applications of V-doped ZnO in optical fields.