bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Male-lure type, lure dosage, and fly age at feeding all influence male mating success in Jarvis’ fruit fly
Authors: Wee Suk-Ling , Clarke Anthony R.
Published: September 2020

Males of certain Dacini fruit flies are strongly attracted to, and feed upon, plant secondary compounds such as methyl eugenol, raspberry ketone and zingerone. The consumed lure is generally found to induce physiological and behavioural changes that enhance the mating performance of lure-fed males. Male Bactrocera jarvisi respond strongly to zingerone from a young age, but only weakly respond to raspberry ketone. We hypothesized that this selective lure-response would be reflected in the physiological importance of the lure to the fly. We found that zingerone feeding by young males resulted in significantly greater mating success in competitive mating trials with lure-deprived flies, but the mating advantage was lost in older males. Lure dosage had a significant effect on the duration of the mating advantage, for example when fed 20 µg of zingerone, the advantage lasted only 1 day post-feeding, but when fed of 50 µg zingerone the advantage lasted 7 days. Raspberry ketone feeding did not confer any mating advantage to males except at one dosage (50 µg) for 1 day after feeding. When given a choice, B. jarvisi females preferred to mate with zingerone-fed versus to raspberry ketone-fed males. This study revealed lure, dosage and age of fly at time of lure administration are all important factors for maximising lure-enhanced fruit fly mating performance. These findings contribute to a better theoretical understanding of the evolution of fruit fly-lure interactions and may help improve fruit fly pest management via the Sterile Insect Technique through semiochemical-mediated enhancement of sterile male mating performance.
Temporal self-similarity of quantum dynamical maps as a concept of memorylessness
Authors: Utagi Shrikant , Srikanth R. , Banerjee Subhashish
Published: September 2020

The problem of defining quantum non-Markovianity has proven elusive, with various in-equivalent criteria put forth to address it. The concept of CP-indivisibility and the hierarchy of stronger divisibility criteria going up to P-indivisibility, capture a fundamental aspect of memory in quantum non-Markovianity. In practice, however, there can be a memory-like influence associated with divisible channels in the form of weakening, if not reversing, the effects of decoherence. Arguably, such a facet of memory relates to CP-indivisibility as quantum discord relates to entanglement. We concretize this weaker notion of non-Markovianity by identifying it with deviation from “temporal self-similarity”, the property of a system dynamics whereby the propagator between two intermediate states is independent of the initial time $$t_0$$

t
0

. We illustrate this idea through examples, and propose a geometric quantification of temporal self-similarity, and show how our approach complements the divisibility-based criterion of quantum non-Markovianity.
The future of digital health with federated learning
Authors: Rieke Nicola , Hancox Jonny , Li Wenqi , Milletarì Fausto , Roth Holger R. , Albarqouni Shadi , Bakas Spyridon , Galtier Mathieu N. , Landman Bennett A. , Maier-Hein Klaus , Ourselin Sébastien , Sheller Micah , Summers Ronald M. , Trask Andrew , Xu Daguang , Baust Maximilian , Cardoso M. Jorge
Published: September 2020

Data-driven machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising approach for building accurate and robust statistical models from medical data, which is collected in huge volumes by modern healthcare systems. Existing medical data is not fully exploited by ML primarily because it sits in data silos and privacy concerns restrict access to this data. However, without access to sufficient data, ML will be prevented from reaching its full potential and, ultimately, from making the transition from research to clinical practice. This paper considers key factors contributing to this issue, explores how federated learning (FL) may provide a solution for the future of digital health and highlights the challenges and considerations that need to be addressed.
The origin of Rhinocerotoidea and phylogeny of Ceratomorpha (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)
Authors: Bai Bin , Meng Jin , Zhang Chi , Gong Yan-Xin , Wang Yuan-Qing
Published: September 2020

Rhinoceroses have been considered to have originated from tapiroids in the middle Eocene; however, the transition remains controversial, and the first unequivocal rhinocerotoids appeared about 4 Ma later than the earliest tapiroids of the Early Eocene. Here we describe 5 genera and 6 new species of rhinoceroses recently discovered from the early Eocene to the early middle Eocene deposits of the Erlian Basin of Inner Mongolia, China. These new materials represent the earliest members of rhinocerotoids, forstercooperiids, and/or hyrachyids, and bridge the evolutionary gap between the early Eocene ceratomorphs and middle Eocene rhinocerotoids. The phylogenetic analyses using parsimony and Bayesian inference methods support their affinities with rhinocerotoids, and also illuminate the phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Ceratomorpha, although some discrepancies are present between the two criteria. The nearly contemporary occurrence of various rhinocerotoids indicates that the divergence of different rhinocerotoid groups occurred no later than the late early Eocene, which is soon after the split between the rhinocerotoids and the tapiroids in the early early Eocene. However, the Bayesian tip-dating estimate suggests that the divergence of different ceratomorph groups occurred in the middle Paleocene.
Extreme precipitation in the tropics is closely associated with long-lived convective systems
Authors: Roca Rémy , Fiolleau Thomas
Published: September 2020

Water and energy cycles are linked to global warming through the water vapor feedback and heavy precipitation events are expected to intensify as the climate warms. For the mid-latitudes, extreme precipitation theory has been successful in explaining the observations, however, studies of responses in the tropics have diverged. Here we present an analysis of satellite-derived observations of daily accumulated precipitation and of the characteristics of convective systems throughout the tropics to investigate the relationship between the organization of mesoscale convective systems and extreme precipitation in the tropics. We find that 40% of the days with more than 250 mm precipitation over land are associated with convective systems that last more than 24 hours, although those systems only represent 5% of mesoscale convective systems overall. We conclude that long-lived mesoscale convective systems that are well organized contribute disproportionally to extreme tropical precipitation.
Environmental context determines the impact of titanium oxide and silver nanoparticles on the functioning of intertidal microalgal biofilms
Authors: Passarelli Claire , Cui Xianjin , Valsami-Jones Eugenia , Underwood Graham J. C.
Published: September 2020

TiO2-NPs reduce the growth of coastal microalgae in environmentally relevant conditions, and alter sediment biostabilisation, primary production and nutrient recycling. These effects vary between environmental contexts (seasons).
A simple separation system for elimination of molecular interferences for purity determination of europium and ytterbium oxides by HPLC-ICP-MS
Authors: Nguyen Viet Hung , Ramzan Muhammad , Kifle Dejene , Wibetoe Grethe
Published: September 2020

A simple and rapid HPLC-ICP-MS method for determination of ultra-trace REE impurities in highly pure Eu2O3 and Yb2O3 has been developed.
Water-resistant 2D lead(ii) iodide perovskites: correlation between optical properties and phase transitions
Authors: Kore Bhushan P. , Gardner James M.
Published: September 2020

Two-dimensional hybrid lead(II) iodide perovskites with up to 13 days stability when directly immersed in water. The materials may lead to stable perovskite LEDs and solar cells.
Enhancing the brightness and saturation of noniridescent structural colors by optimizing the grain size
Authors: Sun Ning , Liu Xianglei , Liu Yan , Zhao Rui , Xu Zhengzheng , Li Shuangxin , Lian Jianshe , Jiang Qing , Wang Guoyong
Published: September 2020

A non-iridescent structural color with high brightness and saturation is obtained by adjusting the domain size of the ordered structure of the photonic crystal.
Tuning the magnetism of gold nanoparticles by changing the thiol coating
Authors: Dong Pengcheng , Fisher Elizabeth A. , Meli M.-Vicki , Trudel Simon
Published: September 2020

The unexpected room-temperature ferromagnetism of small thiol-coated gold nanoparticles can be tuned by the surface coating.
Properties of PEDOT nanowire/Te nanowire nanocomposites and fabrication of a flexible thermoelectric generator
Authors: Liu Haihui , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Mengqi , Tian Zihan , Wang Ning , Liu Yanxin , Zhang Xingxiang
Published: September 2020

Light-weight, mechanically flexible, transparent thermoelectric devices are promising as portable, and easy-to-integrate energy sources.
Nanoparticle catalyzed hydrodesulfurization of diesel fuel in a trickle bed reactor: experimental and optimization study
Authors: Gheni Saba A. , Awad Saad A. , Ahmed Safaa M. R. , Abdullah Ghassan H. , Al Dahhan Muthanah
Published: September 2020

This work focuses on the preparation, simulation, and optimization of the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) using a nanocatalyst.
Carbon dots for effective photodynamic inactivation of virus
Authors: Dong Xiuli , Edmondson Rasheena , Yang Fan , Tang Yongan , Wang Ping , Sun Ya-Ping , Yang Liju
Published: September 2020

The antiviral function of carbon dots (CDots) with visible light exposure was evaluated, for which the model bacteriophages MS2 as a surrogate of small RNA viruses were used.
Development of optical sensor for water in acetonitrile based on propeller-structured BODIPY-type pyridine–boron trifluoride complex
Authors: Tsumura Shuhei , Ohira Kazuki , Imato Keiichi , Ooyama Yousuke
Published: September 2020

Propeller-structured 3,5,8-trithienyl-BODIPY-type pyridine–boron trifluoride complex, ST-3-BF3, has been developed as an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT)-type optical sensor for the detection of a trace amount of water in acetonitrile.
Process analytical technology (PAT) as a versatile tool for real-time monitoring and kinetic evaluation of photocatalytic reactions
Authors: Rößler Martin , Huth Philipp U. , Liauw Marcel A.
Published: September 2020

Combiningin situRaman spectroscopy with multivariate data analysis enables the real-time monitoring and kinetic evaluation of photocatalytic reactions. The applicability is demonstrated on the photooxidation of 4-methoxythiophenol.
Harnessing interrupted Fischer in continuous flow: sustainable synthesis of (spiro)indolenine and (spiro)indoline privileged scaffolds
Authors: Alfano Antonella Ilenia , Zampella Angela , Novellino Ettore , Brindisi Margherita , Lange Heiko
Published: September 2020

3,3-Disubstituted indolenines are obtained via a green and sustainable flow chemistry protocol for interrupted Fischer indolisation reactions.
Oxidative regulation of the mechanical strength of a C–S bond
Authors: Lin Yangju , Craig Stephen L.
Published: September 2020

The mechanical strength of individual polymer chains is believed to underlie a number of performance metrics in bulk materials, including adhesion and fracture toughness.
Synthesis and in situ ion irradiation of A-site deficient zirconate perovskite ceramics
Authors: Lawson Sebastian M. , Greaves Graeme , Blackburn Lewis R. , Chapman Rachel , Hyatt Neil C. , Corkhill Claire L.
Published: September 2020

The influence of A-site vacancies on zirconate perovskite structured ceramics of formula A1−xLa2x/3ZrO3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba) has been investigated using 400 keV Kr+in situ ion irradiation in a TEM with varied temperature from 100 K to 673 K.
Nature-derived, structure and function integrated ultra-thick carbon electrode for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Kun , Mo Runwei , Dong Wujie , Zhao Wei , Huang Fuqiang
Published: September 2020

A structure-engineered and heteroatom-functionalized carbon slice has been developed as binder-free, conductive-additive-free, and self-supporting ultra-thick electrodeviaa nature-based design.
An innovative approach to design SOFC air electrode materials: high entropy La1−xSrx(Co,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni)O3−δ(x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) perovskites synthesized by the sol–gel method
Authors: Dąbrowa Juliusz , Olszewska Anna , Falkenstein Andreas , Schwab Christian , Szymczak Maria , Zajusz Marek , Moździerz Maciej , Mikuła Andrzej , Zielińska Klaudia , Berent Katarzyna , Czeppe Tomasz , Martin Manfred , Świerczek Konrad
Published: September 2020

For the first time, the high entropy perovskites from La1−xSrx(Co,Cr,Fe,Mn,Ni)O3−δ(x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) series are documented to possess attractive properties as a candidate air electrode material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs).
Fabrication of low-cost sustainable electrocatalyst: a diagnostic tool for multifunctional disorders in human fluids
Authors: Sinduja Bharathi , Gowthaman N. S. K. , John S. Abraham
Published: September 2020

Low-cost N-CD film was fabricated potentiodynamically on GC electrode for the simultaneous determination of multifunctional disorder causing compounds, ascorbic acid, uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine and caffeine in human fluids.
Bewegungsdysfunktion kein sinnvolles Erklärungsmodell für SIG-Schmerz
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: September 2020

Palsson TS, Gibson W, Darlow B et al. Changing the Narrative in Diagnosis and Management of Pain in the Sacroiliac Joint Area. Phys Ther 2019; 99: 1511–1519. doi: 10.1093/ptj/pzz108
Hilfe bei der Beurteilung von Red Flags
Authors: Vielitz Arne
Published: September 2020

Finucane LM, Downie A, Mercer C et al. International Framework for Red Flags for Potential Serious Spinal Pathologies. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50: 350–372. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9971
Development of the Autonomic Nervous System: Clinical Implications
Authors: Lefcort Frances
Published: September 2020

Investigations of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate the development of the autonomic nervous system have identified critical genes and signaling pathways that, when disrupted, cause disorders of the autonomic nervous system. This review summarizes our current understanding of how the autonomic nervous system emerges from the organized spatial and temporal patterning of precursor cell migration, proliferation, communication, and differentiation, and discusses potential clinical implications for developmental disorders of the autonomic nervous system, including familial dysautonomia, Hirschsprung disease, Rett syndrome, and congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
Differences in Trochlear Morphology from Native Using a Femoral Component Interfaced with an Anatomical Patellar Prosthesis in Kinematic Alignment and Mechanical Alignment
Authors: Hull Maury L. , Howell Stephen M.
Published: September 2020

Patellofemoral complications following total knee arthroplasty can be traced in part to alignment of the femoral component. Kinematic alignment (KA) and mechanical alignment (MA) use the same femoral component but align the component differently. Our objective was to determine differences in trochlear morphology from native for a femoral component interfaced with an anatomical patellar prosthesis in KA and MA. Ten three-dimensional femur-cartilage models were created by combining computed tomography and laser scans of native human cadaveric femurs free of skeletal abnormalities. The femoral component was positioned using KA and MA. Measurements of the prosthetic and native trochlea were made along the arc length of the native trochlear groove and differences from native were computed for the medial-lateral and radial locations of the groove and sulcus angle. Mean medial-lateral locations of the prosthetic groove were within 1.5 and 3.5 mm of native for KA and MA, respectively. Mean radial locations of the prosthetic groove were as large as 5 mm less than native for KA and differences were greater for MA. Sulcus angles of the prosthetic trochlea were 10 degrees steeper proximally, and 10 degrees flatter distally than native for both KA and MA. Largest differences from native occurred for radial locations and sulcus angles for both KA and MA. The consistency of these results with those of other fundamentally different designs which use a modified dome (i.e., sombrero hat) patellar prosthesis highlights the need to reassess the design of the prosthetic trochlea on the part of multiple manufacturers worldwide.
Patient-Related Outcomes of Arthroscopic Resection of Ganglion Cysts of the Wrist
Authors: d'Ailly Philip N. , Koopman Jaimy E. , Selles Caroline A. , Rahimtoola Zulfiquar O. , Schep Niels W.L.
Published: September 2020

Background Ganglion cysts of the wrist can cause pain and loss of functionality. No consensus exist on optimal treatment. Arthroscopic resection shows promising results but is poorly studied. Furthermore, only few studies have used patient-related outcomes to evaluate arthroscopic treatment.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess patient-related outcomes following arthroscopic resection of wrist ganglion cysts.

Patients and Methods This was a retrospective study of all consecutive patients that underwent arthroscopic resection of a dorsal or volar wrist ganglion. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. The primary outcome was the patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE). Secondary outcomes were recurrence rate and complications.

Results A total of 53 patients were included with a mean follow-up of 13 months (interquartile range: 6–23 months). Twenty-six patients (49%) presented with a recurrence following prior treatment. Mean PRWE was 13 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.8), with no difference between patients with dorsal or volar ganglion cysts. There were five recurrences (9%), of which three occurred in the first five patients who were operated. There were three patients with complications (6%), consisting of neuropraxia, extensor carpi ulnaris tendinitis, and painful scar tissue.

Conclusion Arthroscopic resection results in good patient-related outcome and low complication and recurrence rates when performed by an experienced surgeon. Recurrence and complication rates are similar to arthroscopic resections described in literature and superior to open resection and needle aspiration. Well-designed randomized clinical trials will be necessary to confirm these findings.

Level of Evidence This is a level IV, retrospective study.
Infertility Treatment in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Puri Suman , Kaur Gagandeep
Published: September 2020

The Coronavirus pandemic has had a great impact on various health sectors including pregnancy and infertility treatments like in vitro fertilization (IVF), in utero insemination (IUI), ovulation-induction, laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Due to the current situation in the COVID-19 pandemic and the relaxation permitted by the government, allowing nonessential services in a gradual manner, infertility services are being resumed according to the guidelines set by the ministry of health and family welfare. To meet the demands of current situation, the patient and the staff should be triaged. Only those patients should be undertaken who are tested or screened negative. Diagnostic evaluation is done using RT-PCR and the testing should be done at the commencement of treatment, that is, on day 2 of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle. Repeat test is done before the hCG trigger. The husband also needs testing at least once during the cycle, preferably at the start of the cycle. If the donor tests positive for COVID-19, the cycle should be cancelled. Universal good practices should be followed in laboratory also by each staff, which includes use of proper personal protective equipment (PPE) like eye protectors, FFP-2 or N-95 face masks, double gloves, shoe covers, disposable impermeable gowns, and face shields. The sanitization of the laboratory environment, equipment and devices should be done with appropriate nonembryotoxic disinfectants at the end of each procedure. COVID-19 has actually changed the way infertility treatment is being provided, keeping in view the safety of both the doctors and the patient.
Family Presence and Visitation Practices in Latin American PICUs: An International Survey
Authors: González-Dambrauskas Sebastián , Mislej Cecilia , Vásquez-Hoyos Pablo , Rotta Alexandre Tellechea
Published: September 2020

Over the last two decades, there has been a worldwide cultural shift toward family-centered intensive care. In this article, we conducted a survey of 47 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) across 11 Latin American countries to assess visitation practices and bedside family presence (with a 97.9% response rate). All PICUs had at least some form of parental visitation. The prevalence of unrestricted (24 hours/day) parental visitation was 63%. Sibling visitation was permitted in 23% of PICUs, while 35% allowed family presence during procedures, and 46% during resuscitation. Only 1 PICU allowed pet visitation. Family visitation and bedside presence are still restrictive in Latin American PICUs, with wide practice variation among the various intensive care units.
Predicting the viscosity of solutions used in polymer flooding applications
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: September 2020

A modeling approach uses experimental data and theories of polymer dynamics to predict the viscosifying behavior of polymer solutions in enhanced oil recovery.
Power-law distribution in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases
Authors: Blasius Bernd
Published: September 2020

COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It was first reported on in early December 2019 in Wuhan, China and within three months spread as a pandemic around the whole globe. Here, we study macro-epidemiological patterns along the time course of the COVID-19 pandemic. We compute the distribution of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths for countries worldwide and for counties in the US and show that both distributions follow a truncated power-law over five orders of magnitude. We are able to explain the origin of this scaling behavior as a dual-scale process: the large-scale spread of the virus between countries and the small-scale accumulation of case numbers within each country. Assuming exponential growth on both scales, the critical exponent of the power-law is determined by the ratio of large-scale to small-scale growth rates. We confirm this theory in numerical simulations in a simple meta-population model, describing the epidemic spread in a network of interconnected countries. Our theory gives a mechanistic explanation why most COVID-19 cases occurred within a few epicenters, at least in the initial phase of the outbreak. By combining real world data, modeling, and numerical simulations, we make the case that the distribution of epidemic prevalence might follow universal rules.
Mutual inductance estimation of multiple input wireless power transfer for charging stationary vehicles in parking spaces
Authors: Kang Le , Yang Haodong , Hu Song
Published: September 2020

The electric vehicle (EV) is the future of the modern automotive industry. However, the transmission performance of traditional wireless charging is highly influenced by the misalignment error between the transmitter and the receiver. This paper proposes a maximum power control method for the multiple transmitter coil wireless charging system, which can be used to charge stationary EVs freely and effectively in a wider range. An accurate and reliable mutual inductance estimation method is introduced to estimate M relying on the electric information on the transmitter side only without using empirical formulas and additional communication devices between both sides. Then, the paper proposes a control method, which can maximize the output power in a quite wider range. Experiments and simulations prove that the proposed method has a good performance on charging a receiver coil effectively in a wider range; therefore, it is suitable for charging stationary EVs in the parking space.
Verb classes in Horpa
Authors: Honkasalo Sami
Published: September 2020

Based on argument indexation properties, this paper offers a model of four verb classes for Geshiza and Stau, two closely related and endangered Horpa lects spoken in Sichuan. Despite increased awareness and interest in Horpa, no exhaustive classification of verbs from the viewpoint of argument indexation has been offered. Even though argument indexation itself has been discussed in previous scholarship, the striking diversity of argument indexation patterns has not been addressed. It is shown that both Geshiza and Stau, the two lects chosen as the sample for this study, share the same verb classes, even though the class assignment of individual cognate verbs occasionally varies. The paper also describes how semantic and animacy features inherent in verbs, most prominently compatibility with human S and P arguments resulting in compatibility with speech act participants, play a crucial role in verb class assignment. Establishing a framework for Horpa verb classes helps in the ongoing descriptive work of these languages. In addition, it offers new material for typological studies of argument indexation.
The Analytic Eigenvalue Structure of the 1+1 Dirac Oscillator
Authors: Cao Bo-Xing , Zhang Fu-Lin
Published: September 2020

We study the analytic structure for the eigenvalues of the one-dimensional Dirac oscillator, by analytically continuing its frequency on the complex plane. A twofold Riemann surface is found, connecting the two states of a pair of particle and antiparticle. One can, at least in principle, accomplish the transition from a positive energy state to its antiparticle state by moving the frequency continuously on the complex plane, without changing the Hamiltonian after transition. This result provides a visual explanation for the absence of a negative energy state with the quantum number n = 0.
Extended Nernst–Planck Equation Incorporating Partial Dehydration Effect
Authors: Wang Zhong , Yuan Zhiyang , Liu Feng
Published: September 2020

Novel ionic transporting phenomena emerge as nanostructures approach the molecular scale. At the sub-2nm scale, widely used continuum equations, such as the Nernst–Planck equation, break down. Here, we extend the Nernst–Planck equation by adding a partial dehydration effect. Our model agrees with the reported ion fluxes through graphene oxide laminates with sub-2nm interlayer spacing, outperforming previous models. We also predict that the selectivity sequences of alkali metal ions depend on the geometries of the nanostructures. Our model opens a new avenue for the investigation of the underlying mechanisms in nanofluidics at the sub-2nm scale.
Regular Arrangement of Two-Dimensional Clusters of Blue Phosphorene on Ag(111)
Authors: Yang Shuo , Hu Zhenpeng , Wang Weihai , Cheng Peng , Chen Lan , Wu Kehui
Published: September 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) blue phosphorene with a honeycomb structure is the phosphorus analog of graphene, and is regarded as a promising 2D material with a large tunable band gap and high charge-carrier mobility. Here, using the molecular beam epitaxy method, we synthesize monolayer blue phosphorene on the Ag(111) surface. Combined with first-principles calculations, scanning tunneling microscopy measurements reveal that the blue phosphorene on the Ag(111) surface consists of 2D clusters with a buckling 1 × 1 lattice, arranged regularly on the Ag(111). The formation of these phosphorus clusters stems from the strain modulation induced by the lattice mismatch between blue phosphorene and the Ag(111) substrate. Moreover, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are performed to study the instability of the blue phosphorene clusters in air. The realization of regular nanoclusters of blue phosphorene with unique sizes and morphology provides an ideal platform for the exploration of the quantum physical properties and applications of blue phosphorene.
Tunable Superconductivity in 2H-NbSe2 via in situ Li Intercalation
Authors: Zhou Kaiyao , Deng Jun , Guo Liwei , Guo Jiangang
Published: September 2020

Using the newly-developed solid ionic gating technique, we measure the electrical transport property of a thin-flake NbSe2 superconductor (T
c = 6.67 K) under continuous Li intercalation and electron doping. It is found that the charge-density-wave transition is suppressed, while at the same time a carrier density, decreasing from 7 × 1014 cm–2 to 2 × 1014 cm–2 also occurs. This tunable capability in relation to carrier density is 70%, which is 5 times larger than that found using the liquid ionic gating method [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 106801]. Meanwhile, we find that the scattering type of conduction electrons transits to the s–d process, which may be caused by the change of the occupied states of 4d-electrons in Nb under the condition of Li intercalation. Simultaneously, we observe a certain decrement of electron-phonon coupling (EPC), based on the electron-phonon scattering model, in the high temperature range. Based on data gathered from in situ measurements, we construct a full phase diagram of carrier density, EPC and T
c in the intercalated NbSe2 sample, and qualitatively explain the variation of T
c within the BCS framework. It is our opinion that the in situ solid ionic gating method provides a direct route to describing the relationship between carrier density and superconductivity, which is helpful in promoting a clearer understanding of electronic phase competition in transition metal dichalcogenides.
Nanoscale structural analysis of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3
Authors: Yoneda Yasuhiro , Taniguchi Hiroki , Noguchi Yuji
Published: September 2020

The determination of local atomic structure at nanoscale for inhomogeneous systems is challenging. The local arrangement of atoms needs to be studied to understand the local or short-range order structures for disordered materials with a lack of long-range order periodicity. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis is a technique, that is used to study the short-range order structure of materials: this technique is based on the evaluation of local atomic arrangement using synchrotron and neutron sources. An attempt was made to determine the local arrangement at 20 nm-scale for a typical relaxor ferroelectric material, Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN). The PDF technique was employed owing to the limited structural coherence in this disordered material. It was determined that there are three types of structures depending on the distance. A glass-like network structure was observed as a short-range order structure owing to the large off-center shift of lead atoms. With an increase in distance, the structure of PMN changed from rhombohedral to cubic. Using the above-mentioned approach, we elucidated the process of local structure averaging.
Promising room temperature thermoelectric conversion efficiency of zinc-blende AgI from first principles
Authors: Bulut Pınar , Beceren Berna , Yıldırım Serbülent , Sevik Cem , Gürel Tanju
Published: September 2020

The theoretical investigation on structural, vibrational, and electronic properties of zinc-blende (ZB) AgI were carried out employing first principles density functional theory calculations. Thermoelectric properties then were predicted through semi-classical Boltzmann transport equations within the constant relaxation time approximation. Equilibrium lattice parameter, bulk modulus, elastic constants, and vibrational properties were calculated by using generalized gradient approximation. Calculated properties are in good agreement with available experimental values. Electronic and thermoelectric properties were investigated both with and without considering spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effect which is found to have a strong influence on p-type Seebeck coefficient as well as the power factor of the ZB–AgI. By inclusion of SOC, a reduction of the band-gap and p-type Seebeck coefficients as well as the power factor was found which is the indication of that spin–orbit interaction cannot be ignored for p-type thermoelectric properties of the ZB–AgI. By using deformation potential theory for electronic relaxation time and experimentally predicted lattice thermal conductivity, we obtained a ZT value 1.69 (0.89) at 400 K for n-type (p-type) carrier concentration of 1.5 × 1018 (4.6 ×1019) cm−3 that makes ZB–AgI as a promising room temperature thermoelectric material.
Rise of the Zoombies
Authors: Collado Resty C
Published: September 2020

This Letter to the Editor presents considerations in the design of synchronous meetings and classes to avoid ‘Zoombies’, as more students and teachers are engaged in online distance learning this coming school year due to the health crisis.
Remotely teaching Arduino by means of an online simulator
Authors: La Rocca P , Riggi F , Pinto C
Published: September 2020

The sudden shift to distance forms of teaching experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown has brought to light a large variety of digital educational tools. In this paper we present a real teaching experience on how it is possible to remotely teach the basics of the Arduino microcontroller by means of an online simulator.
Classical tests of general relativity II: looking to the past to understand the present
Authors: Pinochet Jorge
Published: September 2020

The objective of this second part of the work is to present heuristic derivations of the three classical tests of general relativity. These derivations are based on the Einstein equivalence principle and use Newtonian physics as a theoretical framework. The results obtained are close to Einstein’s original predictions. Historical and anecdotal aspects of the subject are also discussed.
Analysis of the dark current distribution of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensors in the presence of metal contaminants
Authors: Polignano M L , Russo F , Moccia G , Nardone G
Published: September 2020

We have analysed the effects of intentional metal contamination on the dark current of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensors. A few contaminants (molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, copper) have been selected for this study, because they previously showed the most relevant impact on the dark current. The dependence of the dark current on temperature has been analysed in contaminated diodes from different regions of the dark current distribution. The generation current is always dominant in the diodes contaminated with the metals in this study, whether diodes in the peak of the distribution or in high current tails are considered. Diodes contaminated with slow diffusers never deviate from a diffusion-generation model of the current vs temperature. Copper contaminated diodes are the only example showing a limited but significant contribution approximately independent of temperature, which can be ascribed to a local tunnel current due to copper precipitates.

From the point of view of dark current spectroscopy, this analysis shows that a correct identification of the dominant impurity is more easily obtained if diodes in the peak region of the dark current distribution are analysed. Indeed, in these diodes the generation current is characterized by an energy level which is a fingerprint of the dominant impurity. Vice versa, in high current diodes the dominant energy level can be different from this level, though the generation current is even more important in these diodes.
Phonon properties and photo-thermal oxidation of micromechanically exfoliated antimonene nanosheets
Authors: Fickert Michael , Assebban Mhamed , Canet-Ferrer Josep , Abellán Gonzalo
Published: September 2020

Two-dimensional (2D) sheets of antimonene have attracted increasing attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties prompting potential for diverse applications. We present a facile method to prepare high-quality antimonene nanosheets (ANSs) by micromechanical exfoliation on SiO2/Si substrate. The temperature- and laser power-dependent Raman studies of exfoliated ANSs are reported and analyzed. It was found that both the out-of-plane A1g and the in-plane Eg modes red-shift linearly with increase in temperature, pointing towards anharmonic vibrations of the lattice. The thermal response of the ANSs on a SiO2/Si surface is also described using numerical simulation of the heat transfer to study their laser-induced oxidation mechanisms. These results offer a deeper understanding of the phonon properties and oxidation susceptibility of 2D antimonene paving the way for the development of antimonene-based technologies, such as electronic devices or photothermal cancer therapy.
Grain refinement and the microstructure evolution of Mg–9Al–5Ca alloy solidified under permanent magnetic stirring
Authors: Ji Huanming
Published: September 2020

To achieve the grain refinement of the as-cast Mg–9Al–5Ca alloy and understand the microstructure evolution during the grain refinement process, the permanent magnetic stirring(PMS) was applied to the solidification process of the alloy and the water-quenched experiment was carried out. The experimental results show that, the as-cast microstructure of Mg–9Al–5Ca alloy can be refined by PMS, and the better effect of grain refinement could be obtained with the increase of stirring rate. After applied PMS, the cooling of the melt is improved and the whole solidification time of the alloy is reduced. During the solidification process with PMS, there are more dendrite fragments produced in the melt and more initial dendrite grains at mold wall detached due to the forced convection, and then the grains would gradually grow into the fine and rose-like grains, which lead to the grain refinement of the as-cast alloy.
Enhancement of photosensitivity of thermally evaporated crystalline PbS thin films by low energy oxygen ions implantation
Authors: Gaur Jyotshana , Sharma Hitesh Kumar , Tyagi Shrestha , Tyagi Chetna , Vashishtha Pargam , Sharma Sanjeev K , Singh Beer Pal
Published: September 2020

This study presents the effect of low energy (120 KeV) O-ions implantation on the photosensitivity of PbS thin films by vacuum thermal evaporator (VTE). The crystallite size (D) of PbS films decreased from 32.8 nm to 17.4 nm and the bandgap (E
g) increased from 1.61 eV to 1.76 eV as the fluence increased from 0.5 × 1016 ions cm−2 to 1.5 × 1016 ions cm−2. The PL spectra of O-ions implanted PbS thin films showed a dominant peak at 381 nm regardless the fluence of implantation. The photocurrent sharply increased by the implantation of O-ions (0.5 × 1016 ions cm−2) due to the creation of ‘shallow traps’ in the forbidden gap of PbS thin films under illumination of visible light (100 mW cm−2). The highest photosensitivity of O-ions implanted PbS thin films was observed due to the creation of proper traps for the photoconduction for the particular dose of 0.5 × 1016 ions cm−2.
Beyond the bench: how inclusion and exclusion make us the scientists we are
Authors: Termini Christina M. , Pang Amara
Published: September 2020

Recent events encompassing social injustices, healthcare disparities, and police brutality against Black citizens highlight the continued need to strive toward unbiased and inclusive practices in all realms of the world. Our voices as cell biologists are powerful tools that can be used to combat inequities in the scientific landscape. In this inaugural Voices essay, we discuss how exclusion and inclusion events have contributed to our scientific journeys and how scientists can work to create an inclusive environment for our trainees and colleagues. As underrepresented minority scientists in the early and late stages of our scientific training, we frame the trainee experience to provide insight from unique perspectives. This essay also provides actionable items that the cell biology community can implement to promote inclusivity. We anticipate that initiating an open dialogue focused on diversity and inclusion will promote growth in the field of cell biology and enable scientists to assess and assume their role in creating welcoming environments. We believe that scientists at all stages in their careers can make meaningful and habitual contributions to supporting inclusivity in cell biology, thereby creating a future where diversity, equity, and inclusion are expected, not requested.
Exploratory Study of the Effectiveness of Granulocyte and Monocyte Adsorptive Apheresis Before Initiation of Steroids in Patients With Active Ulcerative Colitis (EXPECT Study): A Multicenter Prospective Clinical Trial
Authors: Kakimoto Kazuki , Matsuura Minoru , Fukuchi Takumi , Hongo Hitoshi , Kimura Tsuguhiro , Aoyama Nobuo , Okuda Yorihide , Aomatsu Kazuki , Kamata Noriko , Yokoyama Yoko , Mizuno Chiemi , Inoue Takuya , Miyazaki Takako , Nakamura Shiro , Higuchi Kazuhide , Nakase Hiroshi
Published: September 2020

Background

Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) has been used for therapy of steroid-dependent/refractory ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of GMA in UC patients not receiving steroids.

Methods

We conducted a single-arm, open-label, and multicenter prospective clinical trial. UC patients who had insufficient responses to 5-aminosalicylic acid received GMA twice a week for 5 weeks.

Results

The response rate of all patients was 58.2% (39/67). Of the 39 patients who achieved a response, 74.4% achieved endoscopically confirmed mucosal healing.

Conclusions

GMA shows effectiveness in inducing remission in UC patients not receiving steroid.
Challenging software developers: dialectic as a foundation for security assurance techniques
Authors: Weir Charles , Rashid Awais , Noble James
Published: September 2020

Development teams are increasingly expected to deliver secure code, but how can they best achieve this? Traditional security practice, which emphasizes ‘telling developers what to do’ using checklists, processes and errors to avoid, has proved difficult to introduce. From analysis of industry interviews with a dozen experts in app development security, we find that secure development requires ‘dialectic’: a challenging dialog between the developers and a range of counterparties, continued throughout the development cycle. Analysing a further survey of 16 industry developer security advocates, we identify the six assurance techniques that are most effective at achieving this dialectic in existing development teams, and conclude that the introduction of these techniques is best driven by the developers themselves. Concentrating on these six assurance techniques, and the dialectical interactions they involve, has the potential to increase the security of development activities and thus improve software security for everyone.
26 PREDICTION OF PREOPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Tanaka T , Ogawa R , Hayakawa S , Fujihata S , Nakaya S , Okubo T , Sagawa H , Matsuo Y , Takiguchi S
Published: September 2020

Currently, preoperative chemotherapy is usually done for advanced esophageal cancer according to guidelines. It is still difficult to predict the effect of chemotherapy before the chemotherapy. If the effect would be poor, the patient may miss the possibility of treatment. We have been examining the possibility of predicting the chemotherapy effect based on test results before and during chemotherapy. In this study we used artificial intelligence to predict the effect of chemotherapy.

Methods

80 patients who underwent preoperative chemotherapy for esophageal cancer in our department from 2012 to 2019. We predict the chemotherapy effect according to age, sex, type of chemotherapy (FP/DCF), number of chemotherapy, T, M, N, blood examination results before chemotherapy as WBC, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, platelets, total protein, Albumin, CRP, IgG, IgA, IgM, IL6, creatinine, lowest WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte count, during chemotherapy. The effect of chemotherapy was classified: CR, PR, and PD. Prediction were performed using MatLab R2019b classification learner and Neural Net Pattern Recognition.

Results

The actual effect was CR/PR/SD/PD = 0/33/42/5 cases. The correct answer rate was 66.3% for the optimized tree model, 66.3% for the optimized Naïve Bayesian model, 67.5% for the optimized SVM model, and 56.3% for the optimized ensemble model. With optimized SVM, the sensitivity to predict PD was 20%, specificity was 94.5%, and AUC was 0.83. Moreover, the sensitivity to predict PR was 75.8%, and the specificity was 76.6%. With Neural Net Pattern Recognition, the correct answer rate was 90%, and the sensitivity to predict PD was 20%, specificity was 94.7%.

Conclusion

In this study, Neural Net Pattern Recognition as a deep learning model could predict the effect of preoperative chemotherapy more accurately than that of classification learner. The poor prediction of PD was due to the small number of teacher models, and the prediction of PR with many teacher models was more accurate. We will add more teacher models, and establish a prediction model that can be used clinically for both sensitivity and specificity.
416 A NARRATIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF POSTOPERATIVE REHABILITATION FOLLOWING SURGERY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Prasad P , Hardy K , Chmelo J , Navidi M , Phillips A
Published: September 2020

Esophagectomy is a complex procedure with associated high levels of morbidity. Rehabilitation programmes are being developed and increasingly utilised in the perioperative period and comprise a variety of physical, nutritional and psychological interventions. Such strategies may help reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, mitigate sarcopenia, prevent progressive frailty and restore quality of life. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyse studies reporting outcomes of post-esophagectomy rehabilitative interventions.

Methods

Major reference databases (PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Google scholar) were interrogated and a systematic search with a pre-defined search strategy was performed up until January 2020. All eligible articles were screened in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) criteria for cohort studies and the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised studies.

Results

Three studies (n = 1 pilot study; n = 1 feasibility study and n = 1 randomised controlled trial) including some 108 patients were included in this narrative review, of whom 64 patients had undergone esophagectomy. Rehabilitative strategies utilised included a combination of physical activities such as walking and low- to moderate-intensity exercises, dietary counselling, psychological support and occupational therapy input. There was wide variation in the outcomes assessed between studies. Postoperative physical activity with exercises consistently demonstrated maximum positive impact upon cardiopulmonary fitness. The median MINORS score for included studies was 9 (8-10) and the risk of bias in the included randomised trial was low.

Conclusion

There is a paucity of data currently to help determine the impact that rehabilitation may have on clinical outcomes and quality of life following esophagectomy. While improved physical function has been demonstrated, there is a need to determine which interventions patients deem most important and acceptable to help them return to as close to baseline as possible. Additionally, there is a need to further understand the impact rehabilitation may have upon long-term outcomes.