bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Jordanian capital market: Liquidity cost during COVID19 pandemic infection
Authors: Yaseen Hadeel , Omet Ghassan
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has affected the entire global financial market in an unprecedented way. Due to disruptions in the global market, the Jordanian financial market also responded to the pandemic and observed sudden volatility. The outbreak of the virus has led the management of the Jordanian market (Amman Securities Exchange / ASE) to halt trading on the secondary market during the period 17 March 2020 – 9 May 2020. Hence, using daily closing prices of listed firms, this paper empirically examines the market’s liquidity cost before its closure (2 January 2020 – 16 March 2020) and after (10 May 2020 – 31 December 2020). The premise of this objective rests on the fact that the trading activity on the secondary market, following the resumption of trading is carried- out within uncertain circumstances. The data used in this study comes from the daily trading reports published by ASE. All listed companies are included in the analysis. Based on the daily closing bid and ask prices, we calculate the daily spreads during two sub-periods (2 January 2020 – 16 March 2020 and 10 May 2020 - 31 December 2020). We then regress the daily spreads on daily stock prices, number of daily contracts, risk, and where the companies list their shares (first or second market). The main findings of this paper are threefold. First, liquidity cost in the ASE is relatively high. Second, following the resumption of trading on the secondary market, liquidity cost has increased. Third, other known determinants of liquidity cost are significant and have the expected coefficient signs. The fact that liquidity cost in the ASE is high, and higher even after the resumption of trading, necessitates some clear policy measures. These include a reduction in the currently used minimum tick.
Assessing the Legacy of “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” on its Centennial
Authors: Graham Shane
Published: March 2021

Langston Hughes published his first poem, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” in June 1921 in The Crisis magazine. The poem helped inaugurate the Harlem Renaissance, became Hughes's calling card, and established certain core themes of the vast body of work he would publish in the next half-century: the positive affirmation of Blackness; the deployment of a collective “I”; the catalog of place names evoking both global solidarity and historical particularity; and the use of water imagery to denote worldwide interconnection and link the world's oppressed populations to the human community. One hundred years after “Rivers” was first published, the Langston Hughes Review is devoting two issues to celebrating and assessing this important milestone in twentieth-century literature and the legacy that began with this single poem. This foreword contextualizes “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” and assesses its significance on its centennial. The poem feels topical and urgent in part because it was born into a time of crisis that resonates powerfully with our own moment.
Projeto digital storytelling: trabalhando narrativas digitais com idosos
Authors: Viana Helena Brandão
Published: March 2021

Este século marcou uma transição na forma de narrar histórias, já que é possível faze-lo hoje de forma mais envolvente através da incorporação de áudio, imagens, clipes e músicas produzidas em uma plataforma digital. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é relatar a experiência na participação de um projeto de Narrativas Digitais com idosos no Canadá. Esse projeto aconteceu em 10 semanas, num formato de workshop, aonde o pesquisador ensinou o participante a elaborar e escrever uma estória e informou quais seriam os recursos utilizados nesse processo. Esse trabalho foi realizado com pessoas idosas, que foram convidadas a participar do workshop. Para esse projeto foi utilizado um software para gravação do áudio da voz do participante, colocação das imagens e montagem da sonoplastia. Os estudos no Canadá com Narrativas Digitais entre a população idosa, tem mostrado resultados positivos na interação social, estimulação cognitiva e bem-estar percebido. Palavras-chave: Narrativas. Digitais. Idosos. Tecnologia.
Vínculos e relações familiares de idosos institucionalizados
Authors: Rohde Juliana , Coutinho Areosa Silvia Virgínia
Published: March 2021

Este estudo fala sobre famílias que decidiram institucionalizar seus idosos em Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI’s). Buscou-se conhecer sobre as motivações para terem tomado esta decisão, sobre os sentimentos gerados por isto e, se há manutenção do vínculo com o familiar idoso, como este é feito. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de caráter qualitativo, do qual participaram 10 (dez) familiares de idosos instituciocalizados em uma ILPI particular no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram coletados por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, e sua análise norteada pela análise de conteúdo de Bardin (2004). As categorias de análise das falas dos entrevistados são: motivos, que explicitam as razões que levaram as famílias a optarem pela institucionalização; sentimentos, que discorrem sobre como se sentiram estes familiares ao tomar a decisão de institucionalizar o idoso; e vínculos, que apontam quais são as estratégias utilizadas por estas famílias para realizar a manutenção do vínculo com o familiar institucionalizado. Esta pesquisa possibilitou reflexão acerca de como se dá o processo de institucionalização do idoso para a sua família, pensando sobre vários aspectos que o permeiam.
جهود مؤسسات المعلومات في سلطنة عمان في إتاحة المعلومات للجميع بما يخدم تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة2030
Authors: النبهانية مروة بنت سليمان , الصقري محمد بن ناصر , سعيد الكندي سالم بن
Published: March 2021

ملخص

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على جهود مؤسسات المعلومات في سلطنة عمان في إتاحة المعلومات وتمكين الوصول إليها من قبل الجميع بما يخدم تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة 2030، معتمدة في ذلك على المنهج النوعي متمثلًا في استمارة الأنشطة والمقابلة شبة المقننة مع إدارات مؤسسات المعلومات في سلطنة عمان. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى العديد من النتائج أهمها: وجود أربع فئات لإتاحة المعلومات للجميع تقع خارج الإطار المتعارف عليه للإتاحة والمتمثل في إتاحة مصادر المعلومات داخل مؤسسات المعلومات وهي: الإتاحة بعدة لغات، والإتاحة لذوي الفئات الخاصة، والإتاحة عن طريق التدريب والتدريس، وأخيرًا الإتاحة عن طريق الوصول الكامل إلى المعلومات. كما أوضحت النتائج أن جميع مؤسسات المعلومات عينة الدراسة تتبنى عدة أشكال لإتاحة المعلومات للجميع باستثناء مركز منح الثقافي والذي لايزال يعتمد على الإتاحة عن طريق توفير مصادر المعلومات داخل مكتبة المركز، كما تبين حصول فئة الإتاحة «الوصول الكامل إلى المعلومات» على أكبر عدد من أشكال الإتاحة (27 شكلًا)، تلتها مباشرة «الإتاحة لذوي الفئات الخاصة» (12 شكل)، ثم «الإتاحة عن طريق التدريب والتدريس» (5 أشكال)، وأخيرًا «الإتاحة بعدة لغات» (4 أشكال). وقد أوصت الدراسة بتعزيز ثقافة الوعي المعلوماتي ومهارات الوصول إلى مصادر المعلومات وكفاءة استخدامها لضمان حق الجميع في الوصول إلى المعلومات بما يكفل تلبية احتياجاتهم منها، وببناء وتفعيل تعاون مشترك بين مؤسسات المعلومات والجهات المعنية بذوي الإعاقة من أجل تعزيز حقهم في الوصول إلى المعلومات، وإيجاد آليات فاعلة لزيادة قدرتهم على الوصول إلى مصادر المعلومات، والاستفادة من تجارب الدول في هذا الجانب. ويؤمل أن تساهم الدراسة في تسليط الضوء على إدارات مؤسسات المعلومات للمساهمة بشكل أفضل في تحقيق أهداف الأمم المتحدة للتنمية المستدامة 2030 في سلطنة عمان.
La ciencia, tecnología e innovación en América Latina
Authors: Rivas-Castillo Cristian , Rodriguez-Burgos Karla , Miranda-Medina Carlos
Published: March 2021

La ciencia, tecnología e innovación (CTI) es una herramienta esencial en el desarrollo económico, social y cultural de los Estados, en especial de aquellos que se encuentran en vías de desarrollo. El presente documento tiene como objetivo principal analizar la ciencia, tecnología e innovación en América Latina, en este sentido, se identificó el surgimiento de las políticas en CTI en la región, posteriormente, se analizaron los datos con relación al Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) que cada Estado invierte, así como, el número de investigadores con los que cuenta esta zona geográfica.
La socialización política como un proceso de aprendizaje social: medios tradicionales versus digitales
Authors: Leyva Cordero Oswaldo
Published: March 2021

La socialización política es un proceso de aprendizaje social a través del cual los ciudadanos adquieren creencias, sentimientos e información hacia lograr su madurez y su identidad política (Sotirovic y McLeod, 2004). Incluye algunos de los principales agentes de socialización como la exposición a los medios de comunicación, la influencia de las nuevas tecnologías y sus efectos. Se evalúa la conformación de las actitudes políticas de los jóvenes a partir de la influencia de los medios tradicionales y/o digitales, utilizando una metodología cuantitativa. Los medios digitales refuerzan el interés y el aprendizaje político que el individuo ya posee, a través de sus canales de información
Personal and professional factors influencing career choice regret during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Gaffney Mary Kathryn
Published: March 2021

Objective: Many healthcare workers (HCWs) have been subjected to additional workplace and personal stressors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some stressors may be more likely to contribute to career choice regret and the decision to leave the healthcare profession. Loss of critical numbers of personnel could leave healthcare systems without a ready, capable workforce. The purpose of this research was to determine which personal and professional characteristics increased frequency of career choice regret.Methods: An international, cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine if specific personal and professional characteristics were associated with career choice regret and intent to leave. One short-answer item was included in the 20-item survey. The sample consisted of 874 English-speaking HCWs from 18 countries with representation of various practice settings, disciplines, ages, and years in healthcare.Results: Significant correlations between pre- and intra-pandemic frequency of thoughts about leaving the healthcare profession were observed. Ordinal regression analyses were conducted, finding significant relationships between career regret thoughts and female gender, age, and death of a family member or friend. Death of a coworker was not associated with increased thoughts of leaving the healthcare profession. Themes from the short-answer item included fatigue, anger, doubt, fulfillment, and the pandemic as a journey.Conclusions: Healthcare systems may be vulnerable to a loss of HCWs due to the effects of working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospital and health system executives need to understand the current threats to the stability of the workforce and develop strategies to prevent attrition of skilled, capable professionals.
CHANGES IN PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC
Authors: Adamus-Matuszyńska Anna , Maćkowska Renata
Published: March 2021

The year 2020 is filledby new economic, social and environmental phenomena related to COVID-19 and its consequences. The global coronavirus pandemic affects every industry and all aspects of people’s lives. Therefore, one of the many questions researchers raise, are changes in the methods of communication between organizations and stakeholders resulting from this global epidemic. The first purpose of the presented research is to get knowledge about public relations activities
practiced during the crises of the 21st century, with particular emphasis on the coronavirus pandemic. The second goal is to test the suitability of James Grunig’s models during the pandemic crisis. The authors accept the thesis that the global crises that characterize the first years of the 21st century and the role of social media make it necessary to use models of PR practice different than those experienced in the 20th century. Hence, the research attempts to answer the following research questions:
1. How has the public relations model been changed in Polish companies during the pandemic?
2. Has crisis management dominated the activities of PR specialists?
3. How does new media hinder or, on the contrary – facilitate the implementation of PR tasks during a pandemic?
The Delphi research was used as the research method. The Delphi method aims to aggregate the opinions of a diverse group of experts. It allows to carry out researches without the need to meet respondents directly, which is essential during a pandemic. Experts were selected from the members of the Polish Public Relations Association. The overall conclusion of the analysis emphases that the pandemic has been changing PR practice models as it has forced the online communication that is especially exposed to fake news and hate speech content.
DOMINANT BUSINESS-TO-CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ERA OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Dewalska-Opitek Anna
Published: March 2021

Establishing proper relationships with customers is a subject matter of interest of many researchers and managers due to increasing competitive forces in the market and decreased demand. The importance of business-to-consumers (B2C) relationships developed even stronger in Covid-19 pandemic times. The main purpose of the study is to identify the dominant changes in business to-consumers relations that allow the business to achieve success in the new pandemic reality. An assumption was made in the paper, that proper business-to consumers relationships are key determinants of organisational success in times of a crisis. The theoretical deliberation, based on critical literature review, are supplemented by empirical research conducted in a form of a case study based on Toyota Motor Corporation example. Further fields of study are also identified.
CHANGES AT THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO BETWEEN 1997 AND 1999
Authors: PIETKIEWICZ EDWARD
Published: March 2021

The article is a look at the changes that took place in the system
and teaching methods in 1997-1999 in the 30-year history of police higher education in Szczytno, by the then Commander-in-Chief of the Rector, Edward Pietkiewicz. Many years of professional experience allowed him to assess the state of affairs existing at that time and to plan undertakings aimed at improving the functioning of the Police Academy in Szczytno.
Enhanced Oil Recovery: Chemical Flooding
Authors: Ragab Ahmed , M. Mansour Eman
Published: March 2021

The enhanced oil recovery phase of oil reservoirs production usually comes after the water/gas injection (secondary recovery) phase. The main objective of EOR application is to mobilize the remaining oil through enhancing the oil displacement and volumetric sweep efficiency. The oil displacement efficiency enhances by reducing the oil viscosity and/or by reducing the interfacial tension, while the volumetric sweep efficiency improves by developing a favorable mobility ratio between the displacing fluid and the remaining oil. It is important to identify remaining oil and the production mechanisms that are necessary to improve oil recovery prior to implementing an EOR phase. Chemical enhanced oil recovery is one of the major EOR methods that reduces the residual oil saturation by lowering water-oil interfacial tension (surfactant/alkaline) and increases the volumetric sweep efficiency by reducing the water-oil mobility ratio (polymer). In this chapter, the basic mechanisms of different chemical methods have been discussed including the interactions of different chemicals with the reservoir rocks and fluids. In addition, an up-to-date status of chemical flooding at the laboratory scale, pilot projects and field applications have been reported.
Volatility Effects of the Global Oil Price on Stock Price in Nigeria: Evidence from Linear and Non-Linear GARCH
Authors: Oluseun Olayungbo David
Published: March 2021

This present study examines the volatility effects of the oil price on the stock price returns in Nigeria from the period of 2000M(12) to 2020M(4) on a monthly data using both standard GARCH and non-linear GARCH models. The motivation for the present study is the recent fall in the global oil price of Brent Crude to US$15.25 per barrel due to the outbreak of the Corona Virus (COVID-19). Consequentially, the Nigerian stock market (NSE) responded with a fall of 4172 point or by a fall of 15.53%. After establishing the presence of heteroscedasticity through the ARCH test and volatility clustering through the returns, the outcome of the study contributes to knowledge by providing financial information and signals to investors about the best GARCH model response to proactively and successfully use to model global oil price shocks so as to reduce financial risk in Nigeria’s stock market.
When Violence Happens
Authors: Heggie Rachel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2021

After the brutal beating of a woman in a McDonald’s restaurant in the eastern Chinese city of Zhaoyuan, the situation quickly went from a tragedy and homicide investigation to the renewing of a nationwide assault on unregulated religious practice. The Church of Almighty God, a banned Christian heterodox movement, was quickly blamed. What followed was a scene all too familiar to religious practice in China: widespread crackdowns on practitioners and a public media campaign against the group. In this way, the “McDonald’s murder” serves as a fitting case study for what happens when religious violence occurs in the midst of an atheist regime adamantly opposed to religious practice. This paper retraces the steps taken by the Chinese Communist Party in the days, months, and years following the murder, revealing an organized and carefully executed strategy to further its ultimate agenda of a secular, centralized society.
Transforming Pittsburgh’s Economic Ecosystem and Clusters
Authors: Yablonsky Dennis
Published: March 2021

The Pittsburgh region’s recovery and transformation from an economy dominated by heavy industry to a balanced and diversified economy throughout the region has been documented by many publications during the past decade. Pittsburgh is rightfully viewed as a model for post-industrial transformation and is positioned to provide sustainable careers and a high standard of living for its people. This article will not attempt to tell that broad economic recovery story again, but instead will focus on one important aspect of the story: the rise of Life Sciences/Biotech as one of the key clusters driving the Pittsburgh story. I had the privilege of being at the table for much of the planning and execution that went into the development of this cluster.  In this article, I hope to provide a unique view of the key elements of the plan for Life Sciences in the Pittsburgh Region.
Las mujeres, defensoras de la igualdad y el cuidado de la naturaleza
Authors: Vicente Giménez Teresa
Published: March 2021

En el marco filosófico, jurídico y político del Estado de Derecho moderno las mujeres, la mitad de la humanidad, han sido excluidas, les ha sido negado el valor ético suficiente para ser portadoras de derechos, esto es, sujeto de derechos. Ello impulsó la acción de las mujeres para analizar su situación y defender su valor y sus derechos en condiciones de igualdad y no discriminación respecto a los hombres. El avance del movimiento feminista desde el siglo XVIII, cuando fueron expulsadas de la Asamblea política germen de la primera declaración de derechos humanos, hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XX, cuando fueron reconocidas a nivel universal como sujeto pleno de derechos, muestra el continuo desarrollo filosófico-jurídico de la conciencia de la humanidad, de la ética y de los derechos humanos. Desde el desarrollo de la justicia social y ecológica, el pensamiento jurídico feminista actual reconoce la amenaza de la realidad ecológica y de la realidad de las mujeres e implica propuestas alternativas de la vida en la Tierra basadas, en la sostenibilidad social y ecológica, en la lucha contra la violencia, y en la participación de las mujeres en la toma de decisiones. Esta nueva perspectiva integradora superadora de la visión cartesiana de un mundo dividido es defendida por el ecofeminismo.    

In the modern origin of the Rule of Law, the Rechtsstaat formula, women were excluded from its philosophical, legal and political dimension, they were denied the value and sufficient ethical condition to be bearers of rights, that is, subjects of rights. This prompted action by women to analyze their situation and defend their value and rights in conditions of equality and non-discrimination with men. The advance of the feminist movement from the 18th century, when women were expelled from the political Assembly, the seed of the first declaration of human rights, to the second half of the 20th century, when they were universally recognized as full subject of rights, shows the continuous philosophical-legal development of the conscience of humanity, of ethics and of human rights. The current feminist legal thinking, from the development of social and ecological justice, recognizes the threat of ecological reality and the reality of women, it implies alternative proposals of life on Earth based on social and ecological sustainability, in the fight against violence and in the participation of women in decision-making. This new integrative perspective of a divided world is defended by ecofeminism.
«Yo sí te creo». Estereotipos sexistas hacia las víctimas de agresión sexual. Un estudio de caso sobre la Audiencia Provincial de Baleares (2018)
Authors: Ballesteros Doncel Esmeralda , Blanco Moreno Francisca
Published: March 2021

La credibilidad de las víctimas de agresión sexual es a menudo cuestionada por algunos de los profesionales que enjuician la delincuencia sexual. A menudo, este escepticismo está basado en la pervivencia de estereotipos sexistas. Uno de ellos se refiere a qué se entiende que es una ‘violación real’. En el imaginario colectivo pervive el mito de que, la violación real implica la participación de un extraño armado, que ataca a una mujer de forma violenta durante la noche, causando graves heridas en las víctimas. Este artículo, que se presenta como un estudio de caso exploratorio, se examinan sentencias judiciales, emitidas por la Audiencia Provincial de Baleares en el año 2018 y que dictan un fallo absolutorio a los procesados. El estudio analiza cuatro factores, que en otras investigaciones empíricas se habían identificado como predictores de impunidad: el vínculo entre la víctima y el procesado, la violencia del ataque, el carácter de la víctima antes y después de la agresión sexual y, las asimetrías en la carga de la prueba. Los hallazgos corroboran la pervivencia de estereotipos de género.

The credibility of victims of sexual assault is often questioned by some of the professionals who prosecute sexual crime. Often this skepticism is based on the persistence of sexist stereotypes. One of them refers to what is understood to be a "real violation." In the collective imagination, the myth survives that real rape involves the participation of an armed stranger, who attacks a woman violently at night, causing serious injuries to the victims. This article, which is presented as an exploratory case study, examines judicial decisions, issued by the Provincial Court of the Balearic Islands in 2018 and which issue an acquittal to the defendants. The study analyzes four factors, which in other empirical investigations had been identified as predictors of impunity: the link between the victim and the accused, the violence of the attack, the character of the victim before and after the sexual assault, and asymmetries in the burden of proof. The findings corroborate the persistence of gender stereotypes.
DEL III: Sommerhusbyernes storhedstid: Første efterkrigstid
Authors: Bro Henning
Published: March 2021

Del III belyser hovedstadsmetropolens sommerhusbyer i mellemkrigstiden og 40, de regionale udfordringer, der fulgte deraf, og hvorledes offentlige myndigheder forsøgte at inddæmme dem.
To All Who Should Be Concerned
Authors: Robinson Dylan
Published: March 2021

xexé:yltholetsel te sqwà:ls te'íle tl'ekwelep tél:exwatlha ye s'í:wes shxwélméxwelh. xéyxewetholetsel. ólew híth kw'elsu ó:lmethome. eyeléwthelh. tl'élexw kw'a's qel í:weselep. éy kw's totí:ltset, lheqtó:léstexwtset te syó:ys te í. ewe qelélweselep. xwelítem skwukwelstéleq talhwélep, maytólxwchapcha (xwélmexw, lets'ô:lmexw) tlowáyél, qas te wáy:eles.

This letter describes some of the foundation and basic structural changes that must be implemented by music programs in order to move toward decolonial forms of music education. The letter serves as one starting point for such change among many that must always be led by Indigenous, Black, Latinx, Asian and other scholars / artists of colour (IBPOC) who live and work in the locations where music programs are based. Community-led change is imperative in order to avoid the replication of normative systems of music education that merely include diverse content. The letter asserts that while curricular change and hiring of IBPOC scholars constitute one part of this change, it might also be understood as a form of additive inclusion. Models of additive inclusion proceed by placing diverse content within normative, white supremacist structures of pedagogy that remain unchanged. Additive inclusion consequently maintains the power of those who choose what content to include, rather than giving over space for IBPOC leadership to determine the parameters for change, and to determine how foundational structures of music education should be dismantled and renewed.
Marx, lecteur d’Épicure
Authors: Labelle Gilles
Published: March 2021

La thèse de doctorat de Marx, Sur la différence de la philosophie naturelle chez Démocrite et Épicure, qu’il présente et défend en 1841 à Iéna, est un de ses écrits les moins commentés. Quand c’est le cas, c’est souvent pour en faire un « moment » de son parcours philosophique, comme si les intuitions initiales du « matérialisme antique » (la triade Démocrite, Épicure et Lucrèce) étaient le lointain point de départ du « matérialisme historique et dialectique », après avoir transité par le « matérialisme bourgeois » du XVIIIe siècle. A contrario de ces lectures, nous tenterons ici ce que Miguel Abensour désigne comme une opération de « libération du texte » de Marx, qui exige, avant tout, de lire sa thèse pour elle-même, c’est-à-dire de l’interroger sans l’inscrire d’emblée dans un parcours dont la connaissance qu’on aurait de son point d’arrivée autoriserait rétrospectivement à en faire une des « étapes » y menant plus ou moins inéluctablement. Ce faisant, il apparaît que Marx, loin de faire d’Épicure un « matérialiste », en fait plutôt un penseur de la « conscience de soi », plus précisément de ce que Marx désigne comme « singularité abstraite », à laquelle il oppose une « singularité concrète ». Une telle opposition, entre abstraction et concrétude, est de nature à permettre de saisir en quoi, comme l’indique Marx dans une lettre à Ferdinand Lassalle de 1857, sa thèse avait pour lui un sens politique plutôt que simplement philosophique au sens étroit du terme.
Small vertebrates from a Holocene gravelly deposit at El Salt (Alcoi, Alicante)
Authors: FAGOAGA Ana , MARQUINA-BLASCO Rafael , GRACIA-MONFERRER Daniel , MARTÍNEZ-ORTÍ2 Alberto , VIDAL-MATUTANO Paloma , SÁNCHEZ LÓPEZ Laura , MALLOL Carolina , M. HERNÁNDEZ Cristo , GALVÁN Bertila , BAILON Salvador , RUIZ-SÁNCHEZ Francisco J. , LAPLANA César
Published: March 2021

The small-vertebrates’ assemblage recovered comes from Units I to IV from El Salt site (Alcoi, Spain). The sample is composed by nearly 310 remains, and includes one toad (Epidalea calamita), two lizards (Lacertidae indet. and Chalcides cf. bedriagai), two snakes (Coronella cf. girondica and cf. Coronella sp.), two insectivores (Crocidura sp. and Sorex sp.), one lagomorph (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and seven rodent taxa (Arvicola sapidus, Microtus sp., M. arvalis, M. cabrerae, M. duodecimcostatus, Apodemus sylvaticus, and Eliomys quercinus). All the species described in the present work are consistent with a Late Pleistocene-Holocene chronology. The presence of M. cabrerae (absent in the Middle Pleistocene) and M. duodecimcostatus (absent in the Mediterranean until the Late Pleistocene) seem to confirm this age. The presence of Neolithic pottery and M. arvalis in the same deposit is inconsistent from a biochronically point of view since this species was extirpated from this region at the end of the Late Pleistocene. Several taphonomic alterations related to transport within the small mammal remains have been identified. Further taphonomical and geoarchaeological work is needed to clarify the provenience of the studied faunal assemblages, which, given the high energy, erosional morphology and lithology of the sedimentary deposit, could have been reworked in a more recent time period.
Neural representation of abstract task structure during generalization
Authors: Vaidya Avinash R , Jones Henry M , Castillo Johanny , Badre David
Published: March 2021

Cognitive models in psychology and neuroscience widely assume that the human brain maintains an abstract representation of tasks. This assumption is fundamental to theories explaining how we learn quickly, think creatively, and act flexibly. However, neural evidence for a verifiably generative abstract task representation has been lacking. Here, we report an experimental paradigm that requires forming such a representation to act adaptively in novel conditions without feedback. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we observed that abstract task structure was represented within left mid-lateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral precuneus, and inferior parietal cortex. These results provide support for the neural instantiation of the long-supposed abstract task representation in a setting where we can verify its influence. Such a representation can afford massive expansions of behavioral flexibility without additional experience, a vital characteristic of human cognition.
A KDM5–Prospero transcriptional axis functions during early neurodevelopment to regulate mushroom body formation
Authors: Hatch Hayden AM , Belalcazar Helen M , Marshall Owen J , Secombe Julie
Published: March 2021

Mutations in the lysine demethylase 5 (KDM5) family of transcriptional regulators are associated with intellectual disability, yet little is known regarding their spatiotemporal requirements or neurodevelopmental contributions. Utilizing the mushroom body (MB), a major learning and memory center within the Drosophila brain, we demonstrate that KDM5 is required within ganglion mother cells and immature neurons for proper axogenesis. Moreover, the mechanism by which KDM5 functions in this context is independent of its canonical histone demethylase activity. Using in vivo transcriptional and binding analyses, we identify a network of genes directly regulated by KDM5 that are critical modulators of neurodevelopment. We find that KDM5 directly regulates the expression of prospero, a transcription factor that we demonstrate is essential for MB morphogenesis. Prospero functions downstream of KDM5 and binds to approximately half of KDM5-regulated genes. Together, our data provide evidence for a KDM5–Prospero transcriptional axis that is essential for proper MB development.
Genomic and healthcare dynamics of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission
Authors: Ellingford Jamie M , George Ryan , McDermott John H , Ahmad Shazaad , Edgerley Jonathan J , Gokhale David , Newman William G , Ball Stephen , Machin Nicholas , Black Graeme CM
Published: March 2021

Understanding the effectiveness of infection control methods in reducing and preventing SARS-CoV-2 transmission in healthcare settings is of high importance. We sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes for patients and healthcare workers (HCWs) across multiple geographically distinct UK hospitals, obtaining 173 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 genomes. We integrated patient movement and staff location data into the analysis of viral genome data to understand spatial and temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We identified eight patient contact clusters (PCC) with significantly increased similarity in genomic variants compared to non-clustered samples. Incorporation of HCW location further increased the number of individuals within PCCs and identified additional links in SARS-CoV-2 transmission pathways. Patients within PCCs carried viruses more genetically identical to HCWs in the same ward location. SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing integrated with patient and HCW movement data increases identification of outbreak clusters. This dynamic approach can support infection control management strategies within the healthcare setting.
Mechanism for differential recruitment of orbitostriatal transmission during actions and outcomes following chronic alcohol exposure
Authors: Renteria Rafael , Cazares Christian , Baltz Emily T , Schreiner Drew C , Yalcinbas Ege A , Steinkellner Thomas , Hnasko Thomas S , Gremel Christina M
Published: March 2021

Psychiatric disease often produces symptoms that have divergent effects on neural activity. For example, in drug dependence, dysfunctional value-based decision-making and compulsive-like actions have been linked to hypo- and hyperactivity of orbital frontal cortex (OFC)-basal ganglia circuits, respectively; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that alcohol-exposed mice have enhanced activity in OFC terminals in dorsal striatum (OFC-DS) associated with actions, but reduced activity of the same terminals during periods of outcome retrieval, corresponding with a loss of outcome control over decision-making. Disrupted OFC-DS terminal activity was due to a dysfunction of dopamine-type 1 receptors on spiny projection neurons (D1R SPNs) that resulted in increased retrograde endocannabinoid signaling at OFC-D1R SPN synapses reducing OFC-DS transmission. Blocking CB1 receptors restored OFC-DS activity in vivo and rescued outcome-based control over decision-making. These findings demonstrate a circuit-, synapse-, and computation-specific mechanism gating OFC activity in alcohol-exposed mice.
Bioinformatics analysis identified CDC20 as a potential drug target for cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Sungwan Prin , Lert-itthiporn Worachart , Silsirivanit Atit , Klinhom-on Nathakan , Okada Seiji , Wongkham Sopit , Seubwai Wunchana
Published: March 2021

Background

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy that originates from bile duct cells. The incidence and mortality of CCA are very high especially in Southeast Asian countries. Moreover, most CCA patients have a very poor outcome. Presently, there are still no effective treatment regimens for CCA. The resistance to several standard chemotherapy drugs occurs frequently; thus, searching for a novel effective treatment for CCA is urgently needed.

Methods

In this study, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses for identification of novel target genes for CCA therapy based on three microarray gene expression profiles (GSE26566, GSE32225 and GSE76297) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were performed. Based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs), gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) and hub gene identifications were analyzed using STRING and Cytoscape software. Then, the expression of candidate genes from bioinformatics analysis was measured in CCA cell lines using real time PCR. Finally, the anti-tumor activity of specific inhibitor against candidate genes were investigated in CCA cell lines cultured under 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cell culture models.

Results

The three microarray datasets exhibited an intersection consisting of 226 DEGs (124 up-regulated and 102 down-regulated genes) in CCA. DEGs were significantly enriched in cell cycle, hemostasis and metabolism pathways according to Reactome pathway analysis. In addition, 20 potential hub genes in CCA were identified using the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and sub-PPI network analysis. Subsequently, CDC20 was identified as a potential novel targeted drug for CCA based on a drug prioritizing program. In addition, the anti-tumor activity of a potential CDC20 inhibitor, namely dinaciclib, was investigated in CCA cell lines. Dinaciclib demonstrated huge anti-tumor activity better than gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapeutic drug for CCA.

Conclusion

Using integrated bioinformatics analysis, CDC20 was identified as a novel candidate therapeutic target for CCA.
EXPERIÊNCIAS E EXPERIMENTAÇÕES AUDIOVISUAIS NO GSHOW, INSTAGRAM, YOUTUBE E GLOBOPLAY
Authors: Jullian Gomes de Souza José
Published: March 2021

Este estudo investiga as experiências audiovisuais que estão sendo produzidas na e para a internet, durante a pandemia ocasionada pelo novo coronavírus. Para o estudo foram selecionadas as webséries: Se Eu Estivesse Aí (Gshow), Alta Sociedade, Baixa (Instagram), Sala de Roteiro (YouTube) e Diário de um Confinado (Globoplay) visualizadas como novas experimentações em áudio e vídeo, em diálogo com as orientações de restrição do contato presencial e isolamento social. Desta forma, objetiva-se analisar como deu-se a construção desses novos formatos, suas características e os desafios da produção dessas webséries no atual momento, bem como o uso das ferramentas e plataformas digitais de produção e distribuição on-line. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados são de cunho qualitativo, estratégia de pesquisa descritiva e estudo de caso, destacando essas novas experiências e compreendendo o surgimento dessas webséries. O estudo revela que essas experimentações perpassam tanto pelos produtores independentes, quanto grandes grupos midiáticos. E apresenta uma nova possibilidade de produção e formato audiovisual, especificamente para o ambiente digital, podendo ser difundido em diálogo com as ferramentas digitais das plataformas on-line e redes sociais digitais.
Amino Acids and Minerals in Fresh and Processed Catfish, Mackerel and Pork
Authors: Nkrumah Theresah , Akwetey Worlah Yawo
Published: March 2021

The main tissue of meat is the muscle and it is a very rich source of amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, arginine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, and leucine) and some minerals like magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium. In this study, essential amino acid profile in fresh catfish, mackerel, pork and their processed products were determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Minerals were determined in the form of cation (magnesium, calcium, potassium, ammonium and sodium) and anion (fluorine, chlorine, Nitrate, Sulphate and phosphate) by Cadmium.mtw and ASUP5 – 100 marvin.mtw respectively. The most abundant amino acids determined were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, methionine and threonine which were found in catfish, mackerel and pork. Values observed were higher (p<0.05) in catfish and mackerel than pork. Fresh catfish and mackerel recorded higher values in most of the amino acids in both raw product and their frankfurters (CF and MF) than fresh pork. Sulphate values were also higher (p<0.05) in raw meat than their frankfurters. Higher level of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium were observed in processed pork frankfurter than fresh pork. Minerals such as calcium and sodium were present but are at a smaller quantity in meat.
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Response to Delayed Applications of Preemergence Herbicides Applied 3 or 6 Day after Emergence
Authors: Grichar W. James , Rose Jack J. , Dotray Peter A. , Tredaway Joyce A. , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar , Shankle Mark W. , Langham D. Ray
Published: March 2021

Aims: Field studies were conducted to determine sesame response to the pre-emergence herbicides (acetochlor at 1.7 kg ai ha-1; S-metolachlor at 0.72, 1.43, and 2.86 kg ai ha-1; dimethenamid-P at 0.84 kg ai ha-1; pethoxamid at 0.22 kg ai ha-1; pyroxasulfone at 0.09 kg ai ha-1and bicyclopyrone at 0.12 and 0.24 kg ai ha-1) applied 3 or 6 days after 50% emergence.

Study Design:  Randomized complete block design with 3-4 reps depending on location.

Place and Duration of Study: Sesame growing areas of Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas during the 2016 through 2018 growing seasons.

Methodology: Treatments consisted of a factorial arrangement of herbicide treatments at two early POST application timings. A non-treated control was included for comparison. Crop oil concentrate (Agridex®, Helena, Collierville, TN 38017) at 1.0% v/v was added to all herbicide treatments. Plot size was either five rows (76 cm apart) by 9.1 m or four rows (101 cm apart) by 7.3 m depending on location. Only the two middle rows were sprayed and the other rows were untreated and served as buffers. Sesame cultivars were seeded approximately 1.0 to 2.0 cm deep at 9 kg/ha at all locations. Injury was evaluated early-season, 7 to 27 days after herbicide application (DAA), and later, 28 to 147 DAA, based on a scale of 0 (no sesame injury) to 100 (complete sesame death). Injury consisted of stuntingand leaf chlorosis and/or necrosis.

Results: All herbicides tested resulted in significant injury to sesame at some location and application timing. None of the herbicides evaluated are safe to use early POST on sesame without causing significant injury. 

Conclusion: The ability of sesame to recover from significant injury and compensate for injury led to no yield loss in many instances. However, levels of injury observed are not acceptable by growers and will not allow the use of these herbicides soon after sesame emergence.
Class Size, Funding and Academic Performance
Authors: Williams James D.
Published: March 2021

Available data indicate that academic performance among students in the United States has in many cases remained unchanged or has been declining over several decades despite concerted efforts at the state and federal levels in improve performance. With regard to public schools, the decline is commonly attributed to large class size and insufficient funding.

Although numerous studies have examined funding and class size and their influence on student performance, many of these investigations did not consider the available longitudinal data.

Consequently, they fail to provide a clear examination of both funding and class size effects. Close examination of these data from the US Department of Education, however, shows no significant funding or class-size effect. The present study involved data mining the vast store of education research produced at the US Department of Education to examine the role of class size and funding on public education.
Post-marketing Assessment of Esomeprazole and Lansoprazole Enteric Coated Products Available in Saudi Arabia Based on Quality Control
Authors: Alshora Doaa Hasan , Ibrahim Mohamed Abbas , Alomar Ahmed Mohammed , Alsufian Tahani Nasser
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Esomeprazole (ESM) and Lansoprazole (LNZ) are proton pump inhibitors, used in the treatment of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Different marketed generic products for both drugs are now available in Saudi market as enteric coated dosage form. Different factors can affect the drug release from enteric coated formulation, and therefore, the final product should be tested.

Methodology: In this study three different ESM generic products (20 and 40 mg) and four LNZ generic products (15 and 30 mg) were assessed and compared to the innovator products based on quality control tests.

Results: For ESM, it was found that the content uniformity results for the innovator product (Nexium®) and all other generic products lies between 85-115% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 6%. Also, the calculated Acceptance values (AV) was less than 15% (L1), which met the US Pharmacopeia. The in-vitro dissolution test in acid stage for Nexium® and other ESM generic products was less than 10% which met the requirement. In case of LNZ, 4 different generic enteric coated pellets filled in capsules were studied and compared to its innovator (Lanzor®), the content uniformity results showed that all products met the requirement with AV less than 15%. The in-vitro dissolution studies showed that all products met the requirement and release less than 10% of the drug in the acidic media, except LNZ-P2 containing both 15 and 30 g LNZ, which exhibited release more than 10% in the acids stage.

Conclusion: post-marketing assessments for drug products play an important rule to figure out the non-effective products.
Tim‐3 suppresses autoimmune hepatitis via the p38/MKP‐1 pathway in Th17 cells
Authors: Wu Hongwei , Tang Shiyue , Zhou Mengya , Xue Jiji , Yu Zhenjun , Zhu Jiansheng
Published: March 2021

T‐cell immunoglobulin‐ and mucin‐domain‐containing molecule‐3 (Tim‐3) mediates T‐cell suppression in various autoimmune diseases, such as chronic inflammatory liver disease. However, the regulatory effect of Tim‐3 on Th17 cells in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is incompletely understood. Here, we studied the expression and function of Tim‐3 in T cells in AIH patients and in a Con A (concanavalin A)‐induced mouse AIH model. We report that the frequency of CD4+Tim‐3+ T cells in peripheral blood samples of AIH patients was lower than that in the control group. The p38/MKP‐1 and p‐JNK pathways were activated, and the expression of interleukin‐17A protein was elevated in patients with AIH. Furthermore, the extent of pathological damage in the livers of mice with a blocked Tim‐3 signaling pathway (anti‐Tim‐3 group) was markedly increased and correlated with elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. In addition, the frequency of CD4+ IL‐17+ T (Th17) cells in the anti‐Tim‐3 group was increased, while that in mice with blocked p38 activity was decreased. Finally, the expression of MKP‐1 (p‐p38) gradually increased in the control, Con A, and anti‐Tim‐3 groups, but the levels of interleukin‐17A were decreased in the p38‐blocked group. In summary, our results suggest that Tim‐3 suppresses AIH by regulating Th17 cells through the p38/MKP‐1 pathway.
ACK1 is dispensable for development, skin tumor formation, and breast cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Brandao Rafael , Kwa Mei Qi , Yarden Yossi , Brakebusch Cord
Published: March 2021

Activated Cdc42‐associated kinase 1 (ACK1), a widely expressed nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, is often amplified in cancer and has been shown to interact with Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and several other cancer‐relevant molecules, suggesting a possible role for ACK1 in development and tumor formation. To directly address this scenario, we generated mice lacking a functional ACK1 gene (ACK1 ko) using CRISPR genome editing. ACK1 ko mice developed normally, displayed no obvious defect in tissue maintenance, and were fertile. Primary ACK1‐null keratinocytes showed normal phosphorylation of EGFR, but a tendency toward reduced activation of AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (Akt) and Mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (Erk). DMBA/TPA‐induced skin tumor formation did not reveal significant differences between ACK1 ko and control mice. Deletion of the ACK1 gene in the breast cancer cell lines MDA‐MB‐231, 67NR, MCF7, 4T1, and T47D caused no differences in growth. Furthermore, EGF‐induced phosphorylation kinetics of Erk, Akt, and p130Cas were not detectably altered in T47D cells by the loss of ACK1. Finally, loss of ACK1 in MDA‐MB‐231 and T47D breast cancer cells had a very limited or no effect on directed cell migration. These data do not support a major role for ACK1 in Cdc42 and EGFR signaling, development, or tumor formation.