bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الإطار القانوني للحد من أثر ارتفاع أسعار الدواء (دراسة في القانون الإماراتي مقارنة بالقانون المصري واتفاقية التربس)
Authors: المطروشي مريم , عبده محمد
Published: March 2022

تناولت هذه الدراسة واحدة من أهم موضوعات الملكية الفكرية المتصلة بالتنمية الاقتصادية على صعيد الصناعات الدوائية، فالأخيرة مرت بتغيرات قانونية بعد صدور اتفاقية التربس ومد مظلة الحماية القانونية لبراءة الاختراع على المنتجات الدوائية التي تتوافر بشأنها شروط الحصول على براءة الاختراع؛ الأمر الذي أدى لاحتكار شركة الدواء العالمية للمنتجات الدوائية وعدم مقدرة الدول على إعادة تصنيع تلك المنتجات الدوائية إلا بعد الحصول على ترخيص بذلك من مالك براءة الاختراع الدوائية؛ مما ترتب عليه ارتفاع أسعار الدواء عالمياً. وقد ركزت الدراسة على إيجاد أفضل الحلول القانونية للسيطرة على ارتفاع أسعار الدواء من جهة، وعدم انتهاك قوانين الملكية الفكرية واتفاقية التربس من جهة أخرى، وذلك بالنظر في مدى قانونية أعمال الهندسة العكسية على المنتجات الطبية، وكذلك تطبيق الترخيص الإجباري على المنتجات الدوائية الحاصلة على براءة اختراع وفقاً للضوابط القانونية الواردة باتفاقية التربس، فضلاً عن تطبيق مبدأ الاستنفاد الدولي على براءة الاختراع الدوائية، بعد بيان موقف اتفاقية التربس منه. حيث يهدف هذا البحث من خلال الدراسة التحليلية المقارنة إلى إبراز دور الاستثناءات الواردة في قانون الملكية الصناعية الإماراتي على حقوق مالك براءة الاختراع الدوائية للسيطرة على ارتفاع أسعار الدواء مقارنة بما ورد في قانون الملكية الفكرية المصري واتفاقية تربس.
تسبيب القرارات الإدارية في النظام الإداري السعودي في ضوء أحكام ديوان المظالم
Authors: الكبيري محمد
Published: March 2022

يعد التسبيب في القرارات الإدارية ضمانة مهمة لحقوق الإنسان، ومما لا شك فيه أن التسبيب أو عدم التسبيب للقرار الإداري له سلبيات وله إيجابيات لكلا الطرفين، وتظهر أهميته في الآتي:

تظهر أهمية الموضوع من خلال إبراز الدور الذي يسهم فيه مبدأ تسبيب القرارات الإدارية في حمادة حقوق وحریات الأشخاص الطبیعیین والاعتباريين.

أن تسبيب القرار الإداري هدفه الأسمى إظهار قيام الإدارة بعملها على الوجه الصحيح لتبتعد عن الريبة في استقامة أعمالها وعدالة موازينها.

الحد من سوء استخدام السلطة والتعسف الإداري، وتعزیز سیاسة الوضوح الإداري.

وتظهر إشكالية هذه الدراسة في أن كثيرا من الدول الحديثة تعتبر مبدأ تسبيب القرارات وجوبي، ومن ثمّ يعد من المبادئ الدستورية التي يجب أن ينص عليها في الدساتير، وفي أغلب دولنا العربية لايزال هذا المبدأ في نطاقه الضيق اي لا تسبيب إلا بنص.

وقد بينت أهم أهدافي في البحث فيما يأتي:

تحديد مفهوم تسبيب القرارات الإدارية وتميزها عن السبب في القرارات الإدارية.

تحديد ضوابط وقيود ممارسة تسبيب القرارات الإدارية في النظام الإداري السعودي.

تبيان موقف القضاء الإداري ممثلا في ديوان المظالم لبعض قرارات تسبيب القرار الإداري في النظام السعودي.

إبراز موقف المنظم في المملكة العربية السعودية من مبدأ تسبيب القرارات الإدارية ومقارنته بموقف بعض الدول كالمصري.
حماية الفتيات من الزواج القسري في النزاعات المسلحة
Authors: كسيبه إيهاب
Published: March 2022

تتعرّض الفتيات في فترات النّزاعات المسلحة للعديد من الانتهاكات ومن أخطرها ممارسات الزواج القسري التي لوحظ انتشارها بشكلٍ واسعٍ في النّزاعات المسلّحة المعاصرة. وعلى الرغم من الحماية التي يُوفّرها القانون الدولي الإنساني إلا أنَّ معظم ضحايا الزواج القسري لا يتمكنون من الوصول إلى العدالة ومساءلة الجناة وإدانتهم قضائياً. يهدف هذا البحث إلى إجراء دراسة قانونية تحليلية لممارسات الزواج القسري التي تستهدف الفتيات في فترات النّزاعات المسلحة، وتسليط الضوء على الانتهاكات التي تُرتكب تحت ستار هذا "الزواج"، كما يُبيّن موقف القضاء الجنائي الدولي من هذه الممارسات، ويؤكّد على ضرورة تصنيف الزواج القسري كجريمة مستقلة بموجب القانون الدولي الإنساني.
أثر حكم الإدانة الصادر بحق الموظف العام في إنهاء الرابطة الوظيفية دراسة تحليلية مقارنة
Authors: الشياب طايل
Published: March 2022

يمثل الموظف العام في جميع الدول الضامن الحقيقي في تسيير المرفق العام، ولذلك من الضرورة بمكان أن يتصف الموظف العام بالنزاهة والاستقامة والخلق سواء عند تقدمه للوظيفة العامة أو عند ممارسته لمهام وظيفته العامة. ولضمان هذه النزاهة والاستقامة حرص التشريعين الأردني والإماراتي على احالة أي من الموظفين العموميين إلى القضاء بحالة ارتكابه جريمة (جناية أو جنحة). ويجب على جهة الإدارة انتظار الحكم الجزائي الصادر من المحكمة الجزائية المختصة لتتمكن من إيقاع العقوبة المناسبة على الموظف العام. وللحكم الجزائي الصادر بإدانة الموظف العام قد يؤدي حكماً الى إنهاء الرابطة الوظيفية. لذلك حاولت في هذا البحث دراسة أثر الحكم الجزائي الصادر بحق الموظف العام في إنهاء الرابطة الوظيفية من خلال بيان طبيعة الحكم الجزائي المؤدي الى إنهاء الرابطة الوظيفية وعلاقة وقف تنفيذ العقوبة والعفو العام في إنهاء الرابطة الوظيفية. وقد جاءت الدراسة على مبحثين مسبوقة بمقدمة، فقد خصصت المبحث الأول لدراسة الحكم الإدانة ودوره في إنها الرابطة الوظيفية في حين جاء المبحث الثاني لبيان أثر وقف تنفيذ العقوبة والعفو العام على إنهاء الرابطة الوظيفية. وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات.
أحكام شركة الشخص الواحد في القانون الإماراتي بين تحديد مسؤولية الشريك وعدمه - دراسة قانونية
Authors: يوسف آلاء
Published: March 2022

يعد التنظيم التشريعي لشركة الشخص الواحد واحداً من أهم المستجدات التي جاء بها قانون الشركات التجارية الاتحادي لدولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة رقم 2 لسنة 2015، حيث جاء استجابة لمتطلبات الواقع العملي الذي لم يكن يخلو من وجود هذه الشركة تحت ستار شركة صورية متعددة الشركاء، فكان تنظيمها لازماً لتحقيق التوافق بين التشريع والواقع. ومن أهم خصائص هذه الشركة تحديد مسؤولية الشريك الوحيد عن التزامات الشركة في حدود الحصة المقدمة في رأس المال، وهي أيضاً ميزة رئيسة لها، إلا أن هذه الميزة لا تعني حصانة مطلقة لمالك الشركة، فالمشرع يضع في اعتباره توازن المصالح بين الشريك الوحيد والغير الذي يتعامل مع الشركة، فيرجح من بين المصلحتين أولاهما بالرعاية، وقد يقتضي هذا الترجيح حرمان الشريك من ميزة تحديد المسؤولية. ويتجلى هدف هذا البحث في تقدير مدى كفاية النصوص القانونية المنظمة لمسؤولية الشريك الوحيد؛ فما هو الأساس القانوني لتحديد مسؤولية شخص واحد عن التزامات شركة معينة؟ وفي أي الأحوال تكون تلك المسؤولية محدودة بحدود الحصة المقدمة في رأس المال ومتى تحجب تلك الميزة عنه؟ وهل تحظى شركة الشخص الواحد بخصوصية تستلزم إضافة حالات أخرى لإطلاق المسؤولية لم ينظمها المشرع؟
وسائل حماية حق دائن الشريك في دعوى القسمة القضائية دراسة تحليلية في القانون الإماراتي
Authors: السرحان بكر , أهلي عفراء
Published: March 2022

تتناول هذه الدراسة موضوعاً مهماً في ظل عملية التقاضي كأحد الطرق المقررة لإنهاء حالة الملكية الشائعة والمتمثل بتنظيم المشرع الإماراتي لحقوق دائني الشريك في ظل دعوى القسمة القضائية. فنظراً لان حقوق دائني الشريك المالك لمال مع آخرين على الشيوع تتأثر بما قد تقضي به المحكمة من مال مفرز لهذا الشريك، وذلك حال، مثلاً، كانت حصة هذا الشريك المدين- والمفرزة من قبل المحكمة في دعوى القسمة- أقل قيمة من حصص باقي او بعض شركائه، سواء في ذلك أكان الشريك حسن أم سيء النية. وقد وجدت الدراسة بأن المشرع الإماراتي كان قد وضع مكنات وأحكام سعى من خلالها إلى تمكين دائني الشريك من السعي إلى حماية مصالحهم في نطاق عملية القسمة التي تقررها المحكمة (القسمة القضائية). وقد تم تقييم الاحكام المقررة في هذا الخصوص، وانتهت الدراسة إلى تبني أكثر من توصية من شأنها رفع سوية التنظيم القائم.
Doug Kahn: The Pied Piper of Tax Law
Authors: Loeks Barrie , Rosen Burt
Published: March 2022

Doug Kahn’s love of tax law appears to be contagious. His wife was a tax lawyer, his son is now a tax law professor, and even his daughter in law is a tax lawyer. Doug may have caught the “tax disease” from his elder brother, who was also a leading tax lawyer. In politics, we have the Kennedys, the Bushes, and the Clintons; in the world of tax law, we have the Kahn family dynasty. One can only assume that the discussions around the family Thanksgiving table sliced and diced tax regulations and policies right along with the turkey and trimmings. Doug attained his “pied piper” status by inspiring untold numbers of law students to follow him in the study and practice of tax law in the years since he joined the Michigan Law faculty in 1964. Many, if not most of these law students took Doug’s tax courses because they felt they needed to, rather than out of any compelling desire to immerse themselves in tax law. After all, tax law is generally considered difficult to understand, and Doug’s courses had the reputation of requiring a great deal of work. The great Albert Einstein may have formulated the theory of relativity, but even he had a hard time grasping tax law, reportedly saying, “[t]he hardest thing in the world to understand is income taxes.”
Taxing Sales of Depreciable Assets
Authors: Hines James
Published: March 2022

Investors in depreciable assets used in a trade or business claim depreciation deductions following investment, and upon sale or other disposition of their assets are taxed on gain or loss equal to differences between amounts realized and adjusted basis. The taxation of these realized gains and losses is asymmetric: losses are deductible against ordinary income, whereas a portion of the gain on sales of personal property, and virtually all gains on sales of real property, are taxed at more favorable capital gain tax rates. Evidence from U.S. tax returns in 2012 indicates that the aggregate annual magnitude of the tax saving due to the asymmetric taxation of these gains and losses is relatively modest, roughly between $800 million and $1.71 billion. This paper considers the policy basis of this asymmetric tax treatment, noting that depreciation rules together with the elective nature of sale and realization implies that the tax system inefficiently discourages sales of depreciable business assets on which taxpayers have unrealized gains. In order to maintain efficient reallocation of used assets it is necessary to tax realized gains rather lightly. Taxpayers with unrealized losses on depreciable property have the option of retaining or discarding the property, in the first case claiming subsequent depreciation deductions against ordinary income and in the second claiming an immediate ordinary loss. The availability of these options implies that limiting the tax rate applicable to deductions for losses on sales of depreciable assets again would also inefficiently discourage asset sales. Consequently, the elective nature of asset sales implies that an efficient system imposes asymmetric taxes on gains and losses from sales of depreciable assets.
Will We Ever Close the GAAP?: A Look into the International Convergence of Accounting Standards
Authors: Rosin Melanie
Published: March 2022

This Note examines the trend toward the international convergence of accounting standards and then identifies the factors contributing to the process of this trend as well as the obstacles standard setters face in moving to one high quality, unified set of standards. The Note next identifies the possible outcomes for the future of convergence, including the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by the United States, the Securities & Exchange Commission’s (SEC) encouragement of the voluntary of adoption of IFRS by the United States, requiring public companies to comply with both U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (U.S. GAAP) and IFRS, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board’s (the IASB) joint creation of a new set of combined standards, and the harmonization of existing standards. The Note then endorses the mandatory adoption of IFRS in the United States as the most efficient approach for the worldwide capital market as a whole but concludes that the most likely outcome will be a slow process of harmonization.
El alambre de púas en el arte contemporáneo
Authors: De Valdenebro Jaramillo Maria Ximena
Published: March 2022

En este texto se explica la incorporación del alambre de púas como un recurso expresivo en el arte contemporáneo, para mostrar el control político y social en distintos contextos. Para tal fin, se revisan algunas obras de Melvin Edwards, Mona Hatoum, Didier Faustino y Teresa Margolles. Luego, se presenta la apropiación social del alambre de púas y su evolución en “la concertina de cuchillas” en los cerramientos residenciales en Bogotá. Desde una doble perspectiva —académica y plástica—, la autora señala en su obra cómo los ciudadanos han empleado la concertina de cuchillas como una forma de encerramiento urbano. La artista la incorpora en su trabajo a traves de abstracciones y cambios de escala. De esta forma, la obra de la autora de este ensayo se torna en objeto de reflexión y medio expresivo para declarar la omnipresencia del cerramiento y establecer un diálogo con la obra de los artistas presentados.
Palabras de viento norte
Authors: Pérez López Janneth Alyne
Published: March 2022

La siguiente serie de “pronunciamientos” fotográficos reflejan la búsqueda decidida de resignificar la crudeza de un espacio violento mediante la palabra y la imagen. Titulado en su conjunto como Palabras del viento norte, surgen de la inmersión sensible en un lugar conocido como “La Barranca” ubicado en Santa María Tulpetlac, Ecatepec de Morelos en el Estado de México. Un lugar cuya condición es el abandono y la precariedad, un vertedero de basura, objetos, ropa [formas que reflejan un cúmulo de cierta humanidad desechable y silenciada]. Sus imágenes no pueden ser diferentes, son la masa borrosa, amontonada, imprecisa y sin contorno, sin embargo, por medio de pequeñas inscripciones —ensayos líricos— se manifiesta una voz, y es que la palabra no es tal hasta que es pronunciada, por ende, este ensayo es una honesta búsqueda de su visibilidad, un traslado a un espacio expresivo o —mejor dicho— que se reconstruye en la destrucción.
Dispositivos lúdicos para el arte
Authors: Ledezma Campos Miguel Angel
Published: March 2022

Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar las relaciones entre arte y juego desde la teoría y desde la producción artística. En primer lugar, se explicará el desarrollo de una herramienta metodológica que clasifica las diversas relaciones lúdicas entre el artista, la obra y el espectador, así como su articulación con los cuatro tipos de juego planteados por Roger Caillois. Después, se revisará el significado del concepto dispositivo en las filosofías de Jacques Rancière y de Michel Foucault, posteriormente, se explicará el término dispositivos lúdicos para el arte. Finalmente, se presentará un proyecto artístico personal como producto de la metodología del presente proyecto de investigación.
PENANAMAN ASPEK SOSIAL EMOSIONAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SENTRA DI MASA PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH
Authors: Tria Rizky Putri Wimbi , Diani Putri Aulia
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penanaman sosial emosional dalam pembelajaran model sentra di TK Ketilang Jakarta. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik utama dalam pengambilan data yaitu dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data pada penelitian ini mengunakan model Milles and Hubberman yang terdiri dari tahap reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah guru kelompok B pada kelas B4 TK Ketilang Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pembelajaran jarak jauh dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran sentra terdapat perubahan dalam sistem belajar yaitu dengan hanya menerapkan 1 (satu) sentra dalam satu hari. Perkembangan sosial emosional terkendala karena kurangnya sosialisasi dan interaksi anak dengan teman dan guru sehingga anak cepat marah dan merasa malu saat pembelajaran. Penanaman kemampuan sosial emosional dilakukan dengan cara mengadakan interaksi antara guru dan anak melalui home visit 1 bulan sekali; meminta anak untuk melakukan kegiatan interaksi bersama ayah, ibu, kakak, adik, seperti membersihkan rumah, memasak hingga berkebun; memperkenalkan anak dengan teman-temannya yang dilakukan saat pembelajaran berlangsung, serta mengajak anak-anak memberikan tepuk tangan bila temannya berhasil mengerjakan atau menjawab sesuatu. Media yang digunakan untuk menanamkan kemampuan sosial emosional adalah video pembelajaran
Resiliencia y autoconcepto en adolescentes peruanas en situación de abandono
Authors: De La Fuente-Figuerola Valeria , Sánchez-Villena Andy Rick , Sarmiento-Longo Juan Pablo
Published: March 2022

Una situación de abandono podría incrementar la probabilidad de que las adolescentes tengan una concepción negativa de ellas mismas y dificultar su manera de afrontar situaciones adversas. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este artículo es determinar la relación entre la resiliencia y el autoconcepto en adolescentes en situación de abandono. Participaron 32 adolescentes de un albergue, con edad promedio de 14 años. El autoconcepto se evaluó con la Escala de Autoconcepto Forma 5 (AF-5) y para medir resiliencia se utilizó la Escala de Resiliencia para Adolescentes (ERA). Los resultados muestran que hubo una correlación positiva y alta (r= .789) entre ambas variables. Se concluye que, a mejor autoconcepto, habrá mayor nivel de resiliencia.
Síndrome de burnout y entusiasmo por el trabajo en docentes de educación básica especial y regular en Arequipa
Authors: Ramírez Chávez Mariana
Published: March 2022

Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal, comparativo y correlacional con los objetivos de establecer una relación, y a su vez, comparación entre el síndrome de burnout y el entusiasmo por el trabajo en una muestra de 70 docentes de Educación Básica Especial (EBE) y Educación Básica Regular (EBR), cuyas edades oscilaron entre 25 y 60 años. Para el análisis de variables se realizó una correlación entre el burnout y entusiasmo por el trabajo, utilizando el Inventario de Burnout de Maslach y el Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) respectivamente, para demostrar su relación inversa tanto en docentes de EBE como de EBR. Asimismo, se llevó a cabo una comparación de los niveles de burnout y entusiasmo entre los dos grupos de docentes. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que el síndrome de burnout en docentes de EBE, fue un tanto mayor que en los de EBR. Sin embargo, el nivel de entusiasmo por el trabajo fue mayor en EBE. Asimismo, los constructos evaluados (burnout y entusiasmo por el trabajo) no muestran una correlación inversa significativa en la muestra evaluada.
El trauma psicológico y las heridas afectivas: Una revisión sobre sus definiciones y abordajes para la clínica psicológica
Authors: Del Castillo Drago Humberto , Bedoya Olaya Alis Dahiana , Caballero Andrade Mónica Alejandra
Published: March 2022

El presente artículo es una revisión teórica sobre dos categorías de análisis: el trauma psicológico y las heridas afectivas, con el objetivo de identificar si existen relaciones y diferencias significativas entre ambas categorías de análisis para la intervención clínica. Se encontraron importantes relaciones entre ambos conceptos: por ejemplo, el rol activo que ocupa el acontecimiento en la experiencia de aflicción o choque emocional del consultante; la existencia de modelos clínicos de intervención, como la Terapia Cognitivo Conductual y la Psicoterapia de la Reconciliación, y algunas diferencias asociadas a las consecuencias que las heridas afectivas y los traumas psicólogos pueden ocasionar a nivel psíquico en la persona, además el uso reciente de la noción de herida afectiva como un concepto a desarrollar para la clínica psicológica.
Impacts de la densité urbaine sur les pertes en eau des réseaux d’eau potable
Authors: RENAUD E. , HUSSON A. , EISENBEIS P. , DE GRISSAC B.
Published: March 2022

L’appréciation du niveau des pertes en eau des réseaux d’eau potable grâce à des indicateurs dédiés est indispensable pour définir et évaluer les stratégies de maîtrise des usages de l’eau potable. L’Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (Inrae) – institut public de recherche français – et le Syndicat mixte d’études et de gestion de la ressource en eau du département de la Gironde (Smegreg) – établissement public territorial de bassin des nappes profondes de Gironde – ont conduit une étude qui, par traitement statistique des données de l’observatoire national des services publics d’eau et d’assainissement, a permis de relier l’indice linéaire des volumes non comptés (ILVNC, indicateur de pertes réglementaire) et la densité d’abonnés d’un service (D, en abonnés par kilomètre de réseau). Le regroupement des services par classes de densité permet par régression linéaire d’établir de façon robuste que pour D ≤ 60, ILVNC est proportionnel à D et que pour D > 60, il est indépendant de D. Ces relations ont été utilisées pour construire un nouveau référentiel d’évaluation du niveau de pertes en eau d’un réseau de distribution d’eau potable. Ce référentiel comporte quatre niveaux appréciés en comparant la valeur d’ILVNC à trois seuils déterminés par des fonctions continues de D. Construit avec les données de l’exercice 2018, il présente l’avantage d’être applicable aux services de toutes densités d’abonnés (hors services atypiques) et d’éviter les effets de seuil des référentiels définis par classes de niveau d’urbanisme. Il a été adopté par la commission locale de l’eau du schéma d’aménagement et de gestion de l’eau des nappes profondes de Gironde pour établir ses priorités d’actions et tableaux de bord. Par construction il est applicable, sauf rares exceptions, à tout service de distribution d’eau potable du territoire français.
Stability of conducting fluid flow between coaxial cylinders under thermal gradient and axial magnetic field
Authors:   Department of Mechanical, Faculty of Technology, University of Mohamed Boudiaf, M’sila, Algeria., Benhacine H. , Mahfoud B. , Salmi M.
Published: March 2022

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate the bifurcation in swirling flow between two coaxial vertical cylinders produced by the thermal gradient. The suppressed effects of an axial magnetic field on both vortex breakdown and fluid layers are analyzed. The governing Navier-Stokes, temperature, and potential equations are solved by using the finite-volume method. A conducting fluid is placed in the gap between two coaxial cylinders characterized by a small Prandtl number (Pr = 0.032). Three annular gaps were R = 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 compared in terms of flow stability, and heat transfer rates. The combination of aspect ratio =1.5 and Reynolds number, Re=1500 is the detailed case in this study. In the hydrodynamic case, vortex breakdown takes place near the inner cylinder due to the increased pumping action of the Ekman boundary layer. In addition, the competition between buoyancy and viscous forces develops a fluid layered structure. It is shown that the onset of the oscillatory instability set in by increasing Reynolds number to the critical value. The results show that with an intensified magnetic field, the vortex breakdown disappears, the number of fluid layers will be reduced and the onset of the oscillatory instability will be retarded. Stability diagrams corresponding to the limits of transition from the multiple fluid layers to the one fluid layer are obtained.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS ONLINE LEARNING COMMUNICATION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Palupi Muji Endah
Published: March 2022

Online learning is available in various ways and methods. To find out the difference between online communication and material presented, it must be appropriate so that it can be well received by students. For that, every university must prepare well. Learning online communication that is not ready can automatically disrupt the course of teaching and learning activities. Differences in Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Learning Communication. Synchronous communication is a learning communication carried out in a real time communication system. Lecturers can deliver material in class directly to students. Synchronous online, lecturers can still do virtual learning by online class media. Asynchronous communication is learning communication that is not limited in time. In the meaning lecturer provides material that can be used as a reference for students. The material can be learn by students in the form of PPT files, PDFs, and videos. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected almost all aspects of human life, to break the chain of virus transmission, Indonesian government take of health protocol regulations. The condition of education has huge impact. However, education must continue.  Learning process during in emergency is carried out by Synchronous and Asynchronous learning
Evaluation Of Safety And Effectiveness Of The Biomimics 3D Stent System In The Femoropopliteal Arteries Of Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease: Single-centre 24 Months Results
Authors: Wissgott Christian
Published: March 2022

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the BioMimics 3D stent for the treatment of femoropopliteal stenosis or occlusion. The BioMimics 3D stent has a unique 3D helical geometry designed to improve haemodynamics and increase wall shear for a long-term atheroprotective effect.

Materials and methods: Between September 2015 and May 2016, 22 patients (12 men, 10 women) were included in the study after giving their written informed consent. The mean age was 69.1 ± 8.4 years. The mean Rutherford category was 2.91 ± 0.42 (2-4). The mean visual estimate of lesion length was 83.2 ± 34.0 mm with an average grade of stenosis of 93.1 ± 8.5%. Complete occlusion was present in 36.4% of patients. A total of 27 stents were implanted, 17 patients received a single stent, and 5 required 2 stents. The total stent length was 102 ± 33 mm.

Results: The technical success rate was 100%. The mean degree of residual stenosis after stenting was 9.1 ± 7.7%. No serious complications were observed in the first 30 days. The primary patency rate of the stents was 100% after 30 days, 81.8% after 12 months, and 77.8% after 24 months. On duplex ultrasound, the mean PSVR was 0.71 ± 2.4 immediately after stenting, and 0.80 ± 3.6 and1.03 ± 2.9after 12 and 24 months. One patient (4.5%) had undergone clinically driven target lesion revascularisation after 12 months, and a total of 2 patients after 24 months (9.1%). Clinically, there was a significant increase in ABI from 0.63 ± 0.10 before stenting to 0.93 ± 0.09 after 30 days, 0.90 ± 0.12 after 12 months, and 0.95 ± 0.21 after 24 months. The mean Rutherford category also improved significantly, to 0.95 ± 0.09 after 1 month and 1.19 ± 0.12 and 1.09 ± 0.27 after 12 and 24 months. X-ray imaging after 12- and 24-months follow-up found no stent fracture at either time point.

Conclusion: The safety and effectiveness of the BioMimics 3D stent for the treatment of femoropopliteal lesions was confirmed overall; based on the long-term follow-up in particular, the positive effect of the helical stent structure seemed associated with stable patency values.
Tolerance Of Dosed Physical Loads In The Rehabilitation Of Patients With A Recent Experience Of Myocardial Infarction Or Unstable Angina
Authors: Chenguang Mu
Published: March 2022

The study of reaction to dosed physical load of patient with recent experience of myocardial infarction or unstable angina to assess objectively physical condition and performance, to appoint an adequate individual program of physical rehabilitation and to optimize the effectiveness of the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation of this category of patients.

Design: Study and observational analysis.

Parameter: The subsidiary«Sanatorium-resort rehabilitation center «Slaviansk resort», the sanatorium «Yubileiny», Ukraine.

Participants: Patients with recent experience of myocardial infarction or unstable angina who arrived at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation from cardiological hospitals of Donetsk and Lugansk regions (Ukraine).

Intervention: Non-invasive treatment (i.e., therapeutic exercise).

Results: 3530 patients who arrived at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation from cardiological hospitals of Donetsk and Lugansk regions (Ukraine) on 29,4 ±2,4 day of illness were examined. Men accounted for 64%, women-36%. The average age of the patients was 54,4 ±1,8 years old. 1127 people (31,93%) had a Q-positive myocardial infarction (MI), 388 people (10,99%)-a Q-negative, 2015 people (57,08 %)-an unstable angina.

When studying the tolerance to dosed physical activity, threshold or inadequate reactions were observed in 144 patients (12.78%) who had Q-positive myocardial infarction, 13 patients (3.35%) who had Q-negative myocardial infarction and 89 patients (4.42%) who had unstable angina. Threshold or inadequate responses in patients with recent experience of Q-positive myocardial infarction were recorded 3-4 times more often. The electrocardiographic examination revealed most often changes in the terminal part of the ventricular complex in the form of inversion or reversal of T waves, to a greater extent in patients who had Q-positive myocardial infarction.

Conclusion: It was found during study that patients with recent experience of Q-positive myocardial infarction master less physical activity at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation than patients of other groups. Our study has shown that an insufficient level of physical activity does not give an optimal effect in increasing the functional reserves of the cardiovascular system and the body, and insufficient control of an increase in the level of physical activity is fraught with negative consequences. Careful selection of optimal physical activity for this category of patients allowed to prescribe adequate physical activity to patients and avoid possible complications.
A Systematic Biomedical Perspective on COVID-19 Pandemic: From Detection to Vaccination
Authors: Mir Jan Mohammad , Wani Rais Ahmad , John Hyqa , Kambay Ejaz Ahmad , Malik Bashir Ahmad , Majid Sheikh Abdul , Shalla Aabid Hussain
Published: March 2022

The year 2020 witnessed a challenging period for worldwide scientists to find a suitable treatment for the deadly novel coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (nCOVID or COVID-19). The entire scientific community has been eager to develop effective vaccines and medicine against COVID-19. Despite the fact of administration of vaccination in several countries across the globe, the drug repurposing of several antiviral compounds yielded satisfactory results in recovering the affected people. As it is a known fact that vaccination alone is not the end of this pandemic, but the final treatment in terms of drugs/medicines specific to this disease is yet underway. It looks worthy to present a literature survey based on the collective information related to the drug candidates that have been repurposed, the respective theoretical evaluation, and some of the effective therapies usable in treating COVID-19. This review also describes diagnosis and vaccination availed so far. Therefore, a sequential literature extract is hereby presented starting from the detection, going through virulence, drug repositioning, virtual screening, and the final destination in the form of vaccine development. A few commercially available vaccines have also been introduced. Based on the survey, it is clear that the entire world must remain alert for any future pandemic keeping in view the successful and unsuccessful efforts practiced in the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Utility of Sulfonylhydrazines in the Study and Potential Treatment of African Sleeping Sickness
Authors: Penketh Philip G. , Shyam Krishnamurthy , Baumann Raymond P. , Patton Curtis L.
Published: March 2022

African sleeping sickness is an invariably fatal disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei group trypanosomes and transmitted by the bite of a Tsetse fly. In the human bloodstream, there are two main forms: long slender rapidly proliferating forms and biochemically distinct, non-proliferating short stumpy forms. These short stumpy forms are preadapted for life in the Tsetse fly gut and cannot sustain or initiate infection in the mammalian host. It was observed that exposure of long slender bloodstream trypomastigotes to a wide range of methylating agents could induce the entire population to differentiate into short stumpy forms. The methylators varied in their nucleophile preference from hard oxygen targets to soft thiol targets. Despite this wide variability, the methylators were all almost equivalently active. It was therefore assumed that the salient target was likely nitrogen of intermediate hardness/softness which would be equivalently targeted by both groups of methylators. A number of sulfonylhydrazine methylators including prodrug forms, with improved biological distribution in animals, were synthesized. In addition, some amidine moiety containing methylators were also synthesized to exploit the propensity of long slender trypanomastigotes to accumulate agents containing this chemical group, in an attempt to enhance their efficacy. These agents may be of utility in the study of differentiation in T. brucei group trypanosomes, and the production of large quantities of short stumpy forms for biochemical studies. Additionally, they could have therapeutic potential in the treatment of late-stage African sleeping sickness.
Common Cellular Events Implicated in the Regulation of Cold Stress Tolerance and Soft Rot Resistance Induced by Metabolites of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Phalaenopsis Orchids
Authors: Chuang Huey-wen , Tseng Tony-Seung , Hsieh Hsin-Yi , Kao Tzu-Chuan , Chen Guan-Hung
Published: March 2022

Microbial metabolites induce diverse plant physiological responses. In this study, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Y1 was shown to produce metabolites exhibiting a high capacity for metal chelation and moderate reducing power activity. In Phalaenopsis orchids, treatments with Y1 metabolites (Y1M) increased the contents of carbohydrates and lignin and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). Y1M treatments increased the tolerance to cold stress (10°C) by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and electrolyte leakage in a 10°C growth environment and enhanced disease resistance against bacterial soft rot caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi. Protein analyses indicated that, in response to Y1M treatment, the protein levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX); pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, such as PR-2 and PR-3; and lipoxygenase 1 (LOX1) were increased in Phalaenopsis orchids. Transcriptome analyses indicated that Y1M increased transcription associated with the iron-deficient response mediated by miRNA, the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, and Jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis/perception. Gene groups associated with the induced defense response, including cellular events of pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), hypersensitive response (HR), synthesis of the PR protein, and callose formation, were also increased by the Y1M treatments. Transcription factors involved in regulating the cold stress response, such as C-repeat binding factor 1 (CBF1), and cell strengthening, such as MYB26, also had increased expression. In summary, Y1M can activate cellular pathways implicated in regulating stress tolerance shared by cold stress and bacterial invasion.
Integrated Supply Chain Sustainability for Mega-events: An Empirical Study of Dubai Expo 2020
Authors: Manikas Ioannis , Sundarakani Balan , Madmoune Anas , Alvares Roselyne
Published: March 2022

This study investigates the sustainability aspects of the developmental operations of the EXPO 2020 mega-event in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The research methodology combines a case study design with a structured questionnaire-based survey involving the participating firms: suppliers
of EXPO 2020. Based on the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, the case study design develops strategies to be implemented in the development, planning, sourcing, making, delivering, and return stages of EXPO operations and assesses the sustainability aspect of the event's supply
chains. The survey results are obtained by applying the partial least square-based structural equation modelling (PLS SEM) and the analysis is performed using the SMARTPLS model to test for the quality criteria, bootstrapping, and consistency of the sustainability development model. The sustainability
development model developed in this study may influence the supply chains supporting this mega-event to enhance the participating suppliers' sustainability performance. The study findings have implications for organizations that strive for excellence through innovation, by understanding the
relationship between the SCOR model chapters and their environmental impacts as an outcome moderated by digitization of the processes. This study is the first to use the SMARTPLS model to stimulate the relationship between sustainability factors and environmental outcomes, mediated by sustainability.
While EXPO 2020/21 developments are ongoing at the time of this writing, this study's findings could benefits stakeholders of the supply chain in the ecosystem of UAE and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.
Make It Count: Examining Outcomes of Activation and Advertising-Like Event Sponsorship
Authors: Bredikhina Nataliya , Kunkel Thilo
Published: March 2022

Empirical investigations on an effective sport event sponsorship format have remained sparse. The purpose of this research is to compare the outcomes of activation and advertising-like event sponsorship, explaining the factors that drive change in sponsor brand attitudes among event
attendees. We propose that 1) activation should lead to a significantly stronger increase of sponsorship perceptions and sponsor brand attitudes than advertising-like sponsorship, 2) changes in sponsorship perceptions should influence changes in sponsor brand attitudes, and 3) self-congruity
with the sponsor should play a mediator role in the relationship between consumers' sponsorship perceptions and attitudes toward sponsor. To test our assumptions, we conducted a field experiment at an international sport event with two waves of surveys (before/after the event). We compare
longitudinal changes in sponsor–event fit, sponsorship authenticity, sponsor brand attitude, and self-congruity with the sponsor for two brands: one pursuing activation and the other one pursuing advertising-like sponsorship. Hypotheses were tested using paired samples t tests
and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings reveal that for activating sponsor, improvements in sponsorship perceptions were significantly stronger and explained more variance in changes of sponsor brand attitudes. Self-congruity with the sponsor was a mediator
between sponsorship perceptions and sponsor brand attitudes. The study contributes to event sponsorship literature by longitudinally demonstrating that activation is more effective than advertising-like sponsorship in brand promotions and highlights the mediating role of self-congruity in
the relationship between sponsorship inferences and sponsor brand outcomes.
PROFESSIONAL READINESS OF A TEACHER-TRAINER TO ORGANIZE HEALTH-SAVING ACTIVITIES OF ATHLETES
Authors:   Samara State Social and Pedagogical University, Kolyvanova L.A. , Strygin M.Yu. ,   "Kyokushin Federation of the Samara Region"
Published: March 2022

In the conditions of intensive introduction of modern technologies into the professional activity of a person, which have a direct impact on his body, a qualitative shift is taking place in the views of the Russian public, characterized by the development of the priority of the value of health. The change in public opinion about the issues of the nation's health is facilitated by federal regulatory documents containing priority goals and objectives in the development of the country's strategy in the field of the health of its citizens. According to the Federal Law «On the Fundamentals of Protecting the Health of Citizens in the Russian Federation», approved by the State Duma on November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ and entered into force on January 1, 2022 with amendments and additions, «the state provides citizens with health protection regardless of gender, race, age, nationality, language, presence of diseases, conditions, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership in public associations and other circumstances» [14]. It is worth noting that the document specifies the basic principles of observance of the rights of citizens in the field of health care and the provision of state guarantees related to these rights. As you know, the vocational education system is one of the important structures where the formation of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle for future specialists takes place in order to preserve not only their psychophysical health, but also the nation as a whole. One of the important indicators that determine the personnel potential of the country is the level of readiness of the teacher to organize the health-saving activities of young people, therefore, modern vocational education strategies should be aimed at reducing the incidence rate and health protection of all subjects of the educational process.
Meckel´s diverticulum associated to bowel obstruction caused by intussusception.
Authors: Torrecillas Cabrera MM , Moya Sánchez E , Fernández Navarro L
Published: March 2022

La invaginación intestinal en adultos jóvenes constituye una entidad infrecuente, y en pocos casos da lugar a una obstrucción, además suelen ser secundarias a otra patología subyacente.

Se describe el caso de un varón de 18 años que acude a urgencias con cuadro de abdomen agudo, y es diagnosticado mediante radiografía simple y ecografía de obstrucción intestinal secundaria a invaginación de ileo-ileal, con divertículo de Meckel asociado.
Lemmel syndrome: a rare cause of intermittent obstructive jaundice.
Authors: Garrido Márquez I , Lucena González MJ , García Pérez P
Published: March 2022

El síndrome de Lemmel consiste en un cuadro de ictericia obstructiva secundaria a un divertículo periampular en ausencia de otras causas de obstrucción, que se acompaña de dolor abdominal o incluso colangitis aguda. La mayoría de los pacientes con síndrome de Lemmel presentan ictericia, dolor abdominal, colangitis o pancreatitis aguda, pudiendo estos síntomas ser intermitentes. Su diagnóstico puede hacerse mediante visualización directa en la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada por endoscopia o bien por imagen, utilizando la TC y la RM por su capacidad multiplanar.

El tratamiento no está justificado en casos asintomáticos. En cambio, en presencia de síntomas, la esfinterotomía mediante CPRE es el tratamiento de elección.
Recognition of Bean Plants in Weeds Using Neural Networks
Authors: Aparicio Miguel , Baydyk Tetyana , Kussul Ernst , Velasco Graciela , Vera Carlos
Published: March 2022

The implementation of a random subspace classifier (RSC) neural network for the recognition of bean plants in weeds was proposed. The RSC neural classifier is based on the multilayer perceptron with a single layer of training connections, allowing a high speed training. The input of this classifier can be considered in various modes, for example, histograms of brightness, contrast, and orientation of micro contours. The RSC neural classifier has been developed for recognition and is applied to different tasks such as micromechanics, tissue recognition, and recognition of metallic textures. The RSC application can help automatize the industrial processes in agriculture. For this purpose, the computer vision based on neural networks can be used.
Data Mining Software Tools and Methodologies for VLSI Design
Authors: Zhu Qing
Published: March 2022

Modern VLSI design process employs numerous EDA tools to produce large-size report files. It is time consuming as well as the possibility to miss some violations from EDA report files. We developed two data mining software tools targeting for the timing, noise and power grid analysis report files in one high-performance SOC design project. The software extracts, sorts and displays the key information from EDA report files into HTML forms, which can be viewed by designers using the web browser. Organization of EDA report files, configure files, program execution flows and output HTML forms are described for the developed data mining software tools.
An occurrence of ultrapotassic dikes in the neighbourhood of Holsteinsborg, West Greenland
Authors: Brooks C. K. , Nygaard A. Noe , Rønsbo J. G.
Published: March 2022

A brief description is presented here of a group of highly potassic, highly magnesian dikes, originally called kersantites but better-named as lamproites. These rocks may contain phenocrysts of forsteritic olivine, diopside, phlogopite, amphibole (a unique potassic magnesioarfvedsonite) and pseudoleucite set in a groundmass rich in phlogopite, amphibole and carbonate. A K-Ar date on phlogopite indicates an age of ea. 1200 m.y. which is similar to that of a number of other alkaline rocks in the North Atlantic region.
Synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines and investigation of their fungistatic activity
Authors: Korotina Anna V , Tolshchina Svetlana G , Ishmetova Rashida I , Evstigneeva Natalya P , Gerasimova Natalya A , Zilberberg Natalya V , Kungurov Nikolay V , Rusinov Gennady L , Chupakhin Oleg N , Charushin Valery N
Published: March 2022

A series of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines has been synthesized through oxidation reaction of the corresponding 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazines bearing amidine fragments. It is shown that the heterocyclic systems obtained can be modified easily at C(3) position in the reactions with aliphatic alcohols and amines. Also, the reactivity of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines towards CH-active compounds has been studied. The obtained triazolo[1,5-b]annulated 1,2,4,5-tetrazines proved to be active in micromolar concentrations in vitro against filamentous anthropophilic and zooanthropophilic dermatophyte fungi (Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermofiton), which cause skin and its appendages (hair, nails) diseases.
Uji Kelayakan Panduan Praktikum Perkembangan Hewan Berbasis Inkuiri pada Materi Metamorfosis
Authors: Ayu Mutoharoh  , Jodion Siburian  , Winda Dwi Kartika
Published: March 2022

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menghasilkan panduan praktikum berbasis inkuiri yang layak dari segi materi dan media. Berdasarkan angket studi pendahuluan yang diisi oleh mahasiswa yang telah mengontrak mata kuliah perkembangan hewan, ditemukan berbagai permasalahan pada praktikum metamorfosis. Permasalahan tersebut diantaranya mahasiswa masih mengalami kesulitan mendapatkan hasil yang sesuai dengan teori, masih membutuhkan panduan praktikum yang lebih detail, penggunaan alat dan bahan yang lebih spesifik, dan penambahan prosedur kerja panduan praktikum yang lebih rinci. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkanlah panduan praktikum perkembangan hewan pada materi metamorfosis. Penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model 4D (Four D). Penelitian juga mengulas tahap pengembangan pada tahap 4D (Four D). Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata validasi materi tahap 1 sebesar 51,18% (kategori cukup baik), validasi tahap 2 sebesar 73,38%, dan validasi tahap 3 sebesar 91,06%. Sedangkan validasi media tahap 1 diperoleh sebesar 37,68% (kategori cukup baik), validasi tahap 2 sebesar 61,44% (kategori baik), dan validasi tahap 3 sebesar  90,17% (kategori sangat baik). Proses validasi materi dan media dilakukan bertahap dan mengalami perbaikan panduan praktikum metamorfosis dan disimpulkan layak untuk digunakan.
FTV (Free viewpoint TV) and Creation of Ray-Based Image Engineering
Authors: Tanimoto Masayuki
Published: March 2022

Free viewpoint TV (FTV) enables us to view a distant 3D world by freely changing our viewpoints as if we were there. FTV will bring an epochal change in the history of television since this function has not yet been achieved by conventional TV technology. We propose the concept of FTV and veri¯ed its feasibility using the world's ¯rst real-time system including the complete chain of operation from image capture to display. The international standardization of FTV technologies is now underway. FTV is a ray based system rather than a pixel-based system. We are creating ray-based image engineering through the development of FTV.