bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Migratory connectivity of Swan Geese based on species' distribution models, feather stable isotope assignment and satellite tracking
Authors: Zhu Qin , Hobson Keith A. , Zhao Qingshan , Zhou Yiqi , Damba Iderbat , Batbayar Nyambayar , Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag , Davaasuren Batmunkh , Antonov Aleksei , Guan Jian , Wang Xin , Fang Lei , Cao Lei , David Fox Anthony
Published: May 2020

Aim

Understanding connectivity between avian breeding and non‐breeding areas is essential to understand processes affecting threatened migrants throughout their annual cycle. We attempted to establish migratory connectivity and flyway structure of the IUCN vulnerable Swan Geese (Anser cygnoides) by combining citizen science species' distribution models (SDMs) and feather stable isotope analysis.

Locations

Russia, Mongolia and China.

Methods

We established migratory origins and movements of 46 Swan Geese from five wintering locations by integrating citizen science SDMs and feather stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) measurements by linking feathers to precipitation isoscapes in a Bayesian probability framework.

Results

We determined multiple summering origins among Swan Geese from the most important wintering location, Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China. As predicted, we found no evidence for sex‐biased differences in δ2H measurements. Four geese tracked with GPS/GSM loggers all migrated to moulting areas, which confirmed the accuracy of our predictions from δ2H assignments. Differences between summering ranges inferred from historical and modern samples coincided with major wetland loss in northeastern China since the 1950s. Despite limited historical data, we contend that this supports the hypothesis that the summering range prior to 1950 was much wider than that of the current population.

Main conclusions

This was the first Asian study to establish migratory origins of wintering Anatidae based on stable isotopes and citizen science SDMs. We advocate the wider combined application of SDMs, telemetry studies and stable isotopes to investigate effectively avian migratory connectivity, as the results from this study provided important contributions to the development of conservation measures for this threatened and declining species in East Asia.
Alternative type 2 diabetes screening tests may reduce the number of U.S. adults with undiagnosed diabetes
Authors: Dadwani R. S. , Skandari M. R. , GoodSmith M. S. , Phillips L. S. , Rhee M. K. , Laiteerapong N.
Published: May 2020

Aim

To evaluate the U.S. population‐level impact of two alternatives for initial type 2 diabetes screening [opportunistic random plasma glucose (RPG) > 6.7 mmol/l and a 1‐h 50‐g glucose challenge test (GCT) > 8.9 mmol/l] compared with American Diabetes Association (ADA)‐recommended tests.

Methods

Using a sample (n = 1471) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 that represented 145 million U.S. adults at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes, we simulated a two‐test screening process. We compared ADA‐recommended screening tests [fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2‐h 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HbA1c] vs. initial screening with opportunistic RPG or GCT (followed by FPG, OGTT or HbA1c). After simulation, participants were entered into an individual‐level Monte Carlo‐based Markov lifetime outcomes model. Primary outcomes were representative number of U.S. adults correctly identified with type 2 diabetes, societal lifetime costs and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs).

Results

In NHANES 2013–2014, 100 individuals had undiagnosed diabetes [weighted estimate: 8.4 million, standard error (se): 1.1 million]. Among ADA‐recommended screening tests, FPG followed by OGTT (FPG–OGTT) was most sensitive, identifying 35 individuals with undiagnosed diabetes (weighted estimate: 3.2 million, se: 0.9 million). Four alternative screening strategies performed superior to FPG–OGTT, with RPG followed by OGTT being the most sensitive overall, identifying 72 individuals with undiagnosed diabetes (weighted estimate: 6.1 million, se: 1.0 million). There was no increase in average lifetime costs and comparable QALYs.

Conclusions

Initial screening using opportunistic RPG or a GCT may identify more U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes without increasing societal costs.
International application of standards for health care quality, access and evaluation of services for early intervention in psychotic disorders
Authors: Addington Donald , Cheng Chiachen Cheng , French Paul , Killackey Eoin , Melau Marianne , Meneghelli Anna , Nordentoft Merete , Nossel Ilana , Preti Antonio , Smith Jo
Published: May 2020

Aim

Standards for health care quality, access and evaluation of early intervention in psychosis services are required to assess implementation, provide accountability to service users and funders and support quality assurance. The aim of this article is to review the application of standards in Europe and North America.

Methods

Descriptive methods will be used to illustrate the organizational context in which standards are being applied and used, specific measures being applied and results so far.

Results

Both fidelity scales and quality indicators of health care are being used. Fidelity scales are being applied in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Italy and United States. In England, quality indicators derived from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance are being used.

Conclusion

In the last 4 years, significant progress has been made in the development and application of measures that assess quality and access to evidence‐based practices for early intervention in psychosis services. This represents an important step towards providing accountability, improving outcomes and service user experience. The methods used allow for comparison between the services that are assessed with the same methods, but there is a need to compare the different methods. Further research is also required to explore links between quality of care and outcomes for community mental health services that deliver early intervention in psychotic disorders.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and quality of life in Spanish patients with Alzheimer’s disease during the COVID‐19 lockdown
Authors: Lara B. , Carnes A. , Dakterzada F. , Benitez I. , Piñol‐Ripoll G.
Published: May 2020

Background and purpose

The COVID‐19 epidemic is affecting almost all individuals worldwide, and patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and amnesic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are particularly at risk due to their characteristics and age. We analysed the impact of the pandemic on these patients’ neuropsychiatric symptoms and their quality of life after 5 weeks of lockdown in Spain.

Methods

A total of 40 patients with a diagnosis of MCI (n = 20) or mild AD (n = 20) from the Cognitive Stimulation Program of the Cognitive Disorders Unit were evaluated. All patients had undergone a previous evaluation during the month before the lockdown, and were re‐evaluated after 5 weeks of lockdown. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and EuroQol‐5D questionnaire (EQ‐5D) were used to assess neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients and the quality of life in patients as well in caregivers.

Results

The mean (SD) total baseline NPI score was 33.75 (22.28), compared with 39.05 (27.96) after confinement (P = 0.028). The most frequently affected neuropsychiatric symptoms were apathy [4.15 (3.78) vs. 5.75 (4.02); P = 0.002] and anxiety [3.95 (3.73) vs. 5.30 (4.01); P = 0.006] in patients with MCI, and apathy [2.35 (2.70) vs. 3.75 (3.78); P = 0.036], agitation [0.45 (1.14) vs. 1.50 (2.66); P = 0.029] and aberrant motor behaviour [1.25 (2.86) vs. 2.00 (2.93); P = 0.044] in patients with AD. We did not observe differences in EQ‐5D scores during the re‐evaluation. The 30% of patients and 40% of caregivers reported a worsening of the patients' health status during confinement.

Conclusions

The results of this study show the worsening of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with AD and MCI during 5 weeks of lockdown, with agitation, apathy and aberrant motor activity being the most affected symptoms.
Do foreign stocks substitute for international diversification?
Authors: Bermejo Vicente J. , Campa José M. , Campos Rodolfo G. , Zakriya Mohammed
Published: May 2020

Using a novel sample of foreign securities available for trade in 42 countries during the last four decades (1979–2018), we examine the rise in importance of foreign stocks for investors in their host countries and its implications for diversification across industries and countries. The availability of foreign stocks allows domestic investors to increase their international diversification from home by investing in these stocks. We conclude that including foreign stocks in portfolio investments offers an effective substitute for international diversification, and contributes significantly towards increasing the integration of global markets.
Hsa_circ_0000515 is a novel circular RNA implicated in the development of breast cancer through its regulation of the microRNA‐296‐5p/CXCL10 axis
Authors: Cai Fenglin , Fu Wenjie , Tang Lei , Tang Jinhai , Sun Jinming , Fu Guangshun , Ye Gang
Published: May 2020

Cancer metastasis is a major cause of death among women afflicted with breast cancer (BC) and understanding the molecular processes involved is a major focus in BC research. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as genomic regulatory molecules in carcinogenesis and metastasis; however, their role in BC is unclear. We characterized a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0000515, in context of BC. We collected 340 cancerous tissues surgically resected from BC patients and found hsa_circ_0000515 was upregulated in BC tissues and associated with poor prognosis of BC. Silencing of hsa_circ_0000515 impaired cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and invasion, attenuated inflammatory response, and reduced the proangiogenetic potential of BC cells. RNA pull‐down and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays showed that hsa_circ_0000515 binds miR‐296‐5p, preventing it from repressing CXCL10 expression. We also observed that miR‐296‐5p inhibition or CXCL10 overexpression promoted cell cycle progression, restored proliferative, invasive and proangiogenetic abilities, and increased inflammatory response in MCF‐7 cells in the absence of hsa_circ_0000515. In vivo analyses showed that partial loss of hsa_circ_0000515 reduced the tumor growth of MCF‐7 cells in nude mice. The key findings from this study revealed that targeting hsa_circ_0000515 might be an effective strategy to combat BC.
Amazonian biogenic volatile organic compounds under global change
Authors: Yáñez‐Serrano Ana M. , Bourtsoukidis Efstratios , Alves Eliane G. , Bauwens Maite , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Llusià Joan , Filella Iolanda , Guenther Alex , Williams Jonathan , Artaxo Paulo , Sindelarova Katerina , Doubalova Jana , Kesselmeier Jürgen , Peñuelas Josep
Published: May 2020

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play important roles at cellular, foliar, ecosystem and atmospheric levels. The Amazonian rainforest represents one of the major global sources of BVOCs, so its study is essential for understanding BVOC dynamics. It also provides insights into the role of such large and biodiverse forest ecosystem in regional and global atmospheric chemistry and climate. We review the current information on Amazonian BVOCs and identify future research priorities exploring biogenic emissions and drivers, ecological interactions, atmospheric impacts, depositional processes and modifications to BVOC dynamics due to changes in climate and land cover. A feedback loop between Amazonian BVOCs and the trends of climate and land‐use changes in Amazonia is then constructed. Satellite observations and model simulation time series demonstrate the validity of the proposed loop showing a combined effect of climate change and deforestation on BVOC emission in Amazonia. A decreasing trend of isoprene during the wet season, most likely due to forest biomass loss, and an increasing trend of the sesquiterpene to isoprene ratio during the dry season suggest increasing temperature stress‐induced emissions due to climate change.
The effects of raising the long‐term care insurance co‐payment rate on the utilization of long‐term care services
Authors: Soga Yugo , Murata Fumiko , Maeda Megumi , Fukuda Haruhisa
Published: May 2020

Aim

The effect of raising insurance co‐payment rates on healthcare service utilization in Japan remains unclear. In this study, we utilized patient‐level long‐term care (LTC) insurance claims data to analyze these effects.

Methods

Claims data were obtained on individuals certified as requiring LTC in City A and City B, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan during August 2014–July 2016. Individuals whose LTC insurance co‐payment rate increased from 10% to 20% in August 2015 were regarded as high‐income individuals; individuals whose co‐payment rate remained at 10% were regarded as non–high‐income individuals. We examined the changes in LTC service utilization between high‐income individuals and non–high‐income individuals during the study period. Monthly LTC insurance charges were analyzed to evaluate service utilization. We created monthly panel data for the study participants, and quantified the differences in LTC service utilization before and after August 2015 between the high‐income and non–high‐income groups. Care needs levels and age were included as covariates in a fixed‐effects model.

Results

The sample comprised 7711 individuals (1000 high‐income individuals and 6711 non–high‐income individuals) in City A and 647 individuals (84 high‐income individuals and 563 non–high‐income individuals) in City B. After adjusting for care needs levels and age, the co‐payment rate increase was associated with reductions in monthly LTC insurance charges of $34.3 (P < 0.001) in City A and $91.0 (P = 0.022) in City B.

Conclusion

The increase in co‐payment rate for high‐income individuals in August 2015 negatively affected their utilization of LTC services. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; ••: ••–••.
Novel homozygous variants in the SERPING1 gene in two Turkish families with hereditary angioedema of recessive inheritance
Authors: Mete Gökmen Nihal , Rodríguez‐Alcalde César , Gülbahar Okan , Lopez‐Trascasa Margarita , Onay Hüseyin , López‐Lera Alberto
Published: May 2020

Hereditary angioedema as a result of deficiency of the C1 inhibitor (HAE‐C1INH; MIM# 106100) is a rare autosomal disorder and affected individuals are generally heterozygous for dominant negative variants in the SERPING1 gene. Homozygosity for SERPING1 pathogenic variants was long considered to be embryonically lethal; however, five nonrelated families with a recessive HAE pattern have been described in the last decade. In this report, we functionally characterized two newly reported nonrelated, consanguineous families with a recessive presentation of HAE attributed to SERPING1 variants in the reactive center loop (family D; S438F) and gate (family A; I379T) regions. S438F heterozygotes (family D) showed variable levels of intact 105‐kDa and cleaved/inactive 96‐kDa isoforms of C1INH, whereas their homozygous relative presented only the 96‐kDa band. Functional studies showed that S438F reduced C1INH interaction with target proteases in heterozygous (C1s, 32–38% of controls and FXIIa, 28–35% of controls) and homozygous (C1s, 18–24% of controls and FXIIa, 4–8% of controls) carriers, which is consistent with the more severe presentation of HAE in the family and decreased C1q levels in homozygous patients. By contrast, plasma C1INH from I379T heterozygotes (family A) showed normal C1INH/C1s binding (84–94% of controls) and no significant reduction in C1INH/FXIIa complexes (50–70% of controls). However, the homozygote failed to inhibit both C1s (25–42% of controls) and FXIIa (14–18% of controls). This profile is concordant with the less severe presentation of HAE in the family and the conserved C4 and C1q levels in heterozygous and homozygous patients.
Epidemiological trends in notified influenza cases in Australia’s Northern Territory, 2007‐2016
Authors: Weinman Aaron L. , Sullivan Sheena G. , Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran , Markey Peter , Levy Avram , Miller Adrian , Tong Steven Y. C.
Published: May 2020

Background

The Northern Territory (NT) of Australia has a mix of climates, sparsely distributed population and a large proportion of the populace are Indigenous Australians, and influenza is known to have a disproportionate impact upon this group. Understanding the epidemiology of influenza in this region would inform public health strategies.

Objectives

To assess if there are consistent patterns in characteristics of influenza outbreaks in the NT.

Methods

Laboratory confirmed influenza cases in the NT are notified to the NT Centre for Disease Control. We conducted analyses on notified cases from 2007‐2016 to determine incidence rates (by age group, Indigenous status and area), seasonality of cases and spatial distribution of influenza types. Notified cases were linked to laboratory datasets to update information on influenza type or subtype

Results

The disparity in Indigenous and non‐Indigenous notification rates varied by age group, with rate ratios for Indigenous versus non‐Indigenous ranging from 1.58 (95% CI:1.39, 1.80) for ages 15‐24 to 5.56 (95% CI: 4.71, 6.57) for ages 55‐64. The disparity between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous notification rates appeared higher in the Central Australia region. Indigenous versus non‐Indigenous hospitalisation and mortality rate ratios were 6.51 (95% CI: 5.91, 7.18) and 5.46 (95% CI: 2.40, 12.71) respectively. Inter‐seasonal peaks during February and March occurred in 2011, 2013 and 2014, and were due to influenza activity in the tropical north of the NT.

Conclusions

Our results highlight the importance of influenza vaccination across all age groups for Indigenous Australians. An early vaccination campaign targeted against outbreaks in February‐March would be best focused on the tropical north.
Properties of MgO transparent ceramics prepared at low temperature using high sintering activity MgO powders
Authors: Wei Yujing , Gu Shijia , Fang Hailiang , Luo Wei , Zhang Xin , Wang Lianjun , Jiang Wan
Published: May 2020

Transparent MgO ceramics are successful fabricated via spark plasma sintering at lower temperature using the high sintering activity powders synthesized by precipitated method. The samples were detected by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, UV‐Vis‐NIR, microhardness, and so on. The results show that all ceramics prepared at 700°C‐900°C are visually transparent and the sample sintered at 860°C for 5 min exhibits the superior transmittance of 60% (800 nm). It is also found that the mechanical and thermal properties of MgO ceramics are all increasing firstly and then decreasing with the increase in the sintering temperature. And the maximum value of hardness, fracture toughness, MSP strength, and Young's modulus of MgO ceramics is 8.25 GPa, 2.01 MPa·m1/2, 206 MPa, and 286 GPa, respectively. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of MgO ceramics sintered at 860°C can reach 48.4 W/mK at room temperature.
Model for the cold sintering of lead zirconate titanate ceramic composites
Authors: Wang Dixiong , Tsuji Kosuke , Randall Clive A. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan
Published: May 2020

A model was developed to describe the cold sintering process (CSP) of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) using moistened lead nitrate as a sintering aid. The densities of PZT powder with different volume fractions of lead nitrate were evaluated after cold sintering at 300°C and 500 MPa for 3 hours. The densities were categorized into three zones. In zone I, the relative density following cold sintering increases from 66% to 80%, as the lead nitrate contents rise from 0 to 14 vol%. In this case, the lead nitrate acts to fill some of the pore volume between PZT grains. Zone II serves as a transition region, where there is both pore filling and dilution of the PZT grains associated with lead nitrate contents from 14 to 34 vol%. In zone III, the relative density drops due to dilution at lead nitrate contents exceeding 34 vol%. To slow the process down so that the kinetics could be studied more readily, samples were cold sintered at room‐temperature and 500 MPa. It was found that during the first few seconds of compaction, 85PZT/15Pb(NO3)2 rapidly densified from 51% to 61% relative density due to particle re‐arrangement. For longer times at pressure, the CSP improved the packing relative to PZT compacted without the lead nitrate, yielding a higher relative density. The late stages of the PZT/Pb(NO3)2 CSP could be well described using a viscous sintering model for pressures from 50 MPa to 1000 MPa and temperatures from 25°C to 300°C.
A case of Usher syndrome type IIA caused by a rare USH2A homozygous frameshift variant with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) in a Chinese family
Authors: Fu Jiewen , Shen Shiyi , Cheng Jingliang , Lv Hongbin , Fu Junjiang
Published: May 2020

Usher syndrome encompasses a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorders with hearing deficiencies and retinitis pigmentosa. The mechanisms underlying the Usher syndrome are highly variable. In the present study, a Chinese family with Usher syndrome was recruited. Whole exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, homozygosity mapping, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and segregation analysis were performed. Functional domains of the pathogenic variant for USH2A were analysed. We identified a homozygous frameshift variant c.99_100insT (p.Arg34Serfs*41) in the USH2A gene in the proband that showed discordant segregation in the father. Further homozygosity mapping and STR analysis identified an unusual homozygous variant of proband that originated from maternal uniparental disomy (UPD). The p.Arg34Serfs*41 variant produced a predicted truncated protein that removes all functional domains of USH2A. The variant was not included in the 1000 Human Genomes Project database, ExAC database, HGMD or gnomAD database, but was included in the ClinVar databases as pathogenic. Although USH2A is an autosomal recessive disease, the effects of UPD should be informed in genetic counselling since the recurrence risk of an affected child is greatly reduced when the disease is due to the UPD mechanism. To test potential patients, WES, combined with STR analysis and homozygosity mapping, provides an accurate and useful strategy for genetic diagnosis. In summary, our discoveries can help further the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of Usher syndrome type IIA to advance the prevention, diagnosis and therapy for this disorder.
Saccade dysmetria indicates attenuated visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bast Nico , Mason Luke , Freitag Christine M. , Smith Tim , Portugal Ana Maria , Poustka Luise , Banaschewski Tobias , Johnson Mark ,   The EU‐AIMS LEAP Group
Published: May 2020

Background

Visual exploration in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by attenuated social attention. The underlying oculomotor function during visual exploration is understudied, whereas oculomotor function during restricted viewing suggested saccade dysmetria in ASD by altered pontocerebellar motor modulation.

Methods

Oculomotor function was recorded using remote eye tracking in 142 ASD participants and 142 matched neurotypical controls during free viewing of naturalistic videos with and without human content. The sample was heterogenous concerning age (6–30 years), cognitive ability (60–140 IQ), and male/female ratio (3:1). Oculomotor function was defined as saccade, fixation, and pupil‐dilation features that were compared between groups in linear mixed models. Oculomotor function was investigated as ASD classifier and features were correlated with clinical measures.

Results

We observed decreased saccade duration (∆M = −0.50, CI [−0.21, −0.78]) and amplitude (∆M = −0.42, CI [−0.12, −0.72]), which was independent of human video content. We observed null findings concerning fixation and pupil‐dilation features (POWER = .81). Oculomotor function is a valid ASD classifier comparable to social attention concerning discriminative power. Within ASD, saccade features correlated with measures of restricted and repetitive behavior.

Conclusions

We conclude saccade dysmetria as ASD oculomotor phenotype relevant to visual exploration. Decreased saccade amplitude and duration indicate spatially clustered fixations that attenuate visual exploration and emphasize endogenous over exogenous attention. We propose altered pontocerebellar motor modulation as underlying mechanism that contributes to atypical (oculo‐)motor coordination and attention function in ASD.
Determining the key childhood and adolescent risk factors for future BPD symptoms using regularized regression: comparison to depression and conduct disorder
Authors: Beeney Joseph E. , Forbes Erika E. , Hipwell Alison E. , Nance Melissa , Mattia Alexis , Lawless Joely M. , Banihashemi Layla , Stepp Stephanie D.
Published: May 2020

Objective

Research has yielded factors considered critical to risk for borderline personality disorder (BPD). Yet, these factors overlap and are relevant to other disorders, like depression and conduct disorder (CD). Regularized regression, a machine learning approach, was developed to allow identification of the most important variables in large datasets with correlated predictors. We aimed to identify critical predictors of BPD symptoms in late adolescence (ages 16–18) and determine the specificity of factors to BPD versus disorders with putatively similar etiology.

Method

We used a prospective longitudinal dataset (n = 2,450) of adolescent girls assessed on a range of clinical, psychosocial, and demographic factors, highlighted by previous research on BPD. Predictors were grouped by developmental periods: late childhood (8–10) and early (11–13) and mid‐adolescence (14–15), yielding 128 variables from 41 constructs. The same variables were used in models predicting depression and CD symptoms.

Results

The best‐fitting model for BPD symptoms included 19 predictors and explained 33.2% of the variance. Five constructs – depressive and anxiety symptoms, self‐control, harsh punishment, and poor social and school functioning – accounted for most of the variance explained. BPD was differentiated from CD by greater problems with mood and anxiety in BPD and differences in parenting risk factors. Whereas the biggest parenting risk for BPD was a punitive style of parenting, CD was predicted by both punitive and disengaged styles. BPD was differentiated from MDD by greater social problems and poor behavioral control in BPD.

Conclusions

The best predictors of BPD symptoms in adolescence are features suggesting complex comorbidity, affective activation, and problems with self‐control. Though some risk factors were non‐specific (e.g., inattention), the disorders were distinguished in clinically significant ways.
Clinical research methods for treatment, diagnosis, prognosis, etiology, screening, and prevention: A narrative review
Authors: Yao Xiaomei , Florez Ivan D. , Zhang Ping , Zhang Chongfan , Zhang Yi , Wang Chunxue , Liu Xiaofang , Nie Xiuhong , Wei Bing , Ghert Michelle A.
Published: May 2020

This narrative review is an introduction for health professionals on how to conduct and report clinical research on six categories: treatment, diagnosis/differential diagnosis, prognosis, etiology, screening, and prevention. The importance of beginning with an appropriate clinical question and the exploration of how appropriate it is through a literature search are explained. There are three methodological directives that can assist clinicians in conducting their studies from a methodological perspective: (1) how to conduct an original study or a systematic review, (2) how to report an original study or a systematic review, and (3) how to assess the quality or risk of bias for a previous relevant original study or systematic review. This methodological overview article would provide readers with the key points and resources regarding how to perform high‐quality research on the six main clinical categories.
From guidance to practice: Promoting risk communication and community engagement for prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) outbreak in China
Authors: Hu Guangyu , Qiu Wuqi
Published: May 2020

Integrating risk communication and community engagement into the national public health emergency response is crucial. Considering the difficulties and challenges faced by China in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and based on interim guidelines from the World Health Organization, this article makes several recommendations addressing the outbreak in China. These include improvements in the internal governmental risk communication systems, enhancing the coordination between internal and partner governmental emergency management, and promoting public communication in response to societal concerns. Regarding these recommendations, we emphasize community engagement in joint prevention and control, confronting uncertainty and countering rumors effectively, and strengthening international cooperation and evidence‐based decision making for prevention and control measures.
Investigation of mass transfer, thermodynamics, and greenhouse gases properties in pennyroyal drying
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad , Karami Hamed , Jahanbakhshi Ahmad
Published: May 2020

In this research, kinetic analysis, energy, exergy, and greenhouse gases of a hybrid laboratory dryer (solar‐hot air) are presented for pennyroyal. Drying was performed at input temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C and air velocities of 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8 m/s. The effect of drying variables on moisture ratio, effective moisture diffusivity, specific energy consumption, energy utilization ratio, energy utilization, exergy efficiency, and exergy loss was investigated. The highest amounts of effective moisture diffusivity and specific energy consumption were 2.30 × 10−10 m2/s and 48.60 kWh/kg, respectively. Energy utilization and energy utilization ratio varied from 0.0064 to 0.0826 kJ/s and from 0.056 to 0.957, respectively. Exergy loss and exergy efficiency varied between 0.0037 to 0.0510 kJ/s and 0.2428 to 0.8731, respectively. In addition, by increasing the temperature and intake air velocity, drying rate increased and the emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, SO2, and NOX) were reduced.

Practical Applications

Modeling of the drying process is an important aspect of drying technology, especially in drying for industrial purposes. The aim of modeling is to select the most suitable drying method and the best operating conditions for obtaining the product. Some of the key issues in drying have been to reduce the price of the energy resources used, increase the drying efficiency, and improve the quality of the dried products. The concept of exergy is defined by the concept of reversible work. The concept of reversibility depends on energy balance and mass regardless of energy quality (exergy loss).
Improvement of a new selective enrichment broth for culturing Salmonella in ready‐to‐eat fruits and vegetables
Authors: Wan Jiajia , Lu Zhaoxin , Bie Xiaomei , Lv Fengxia , Zhao Haizhen
Published: May 2020

Fruits and vegetables are consumed raw, which is a potential health hazard toward consumers. Consequently, a novel selective enrichment broth (selective Luria‐Bertani broth, SLB) combined with a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) kit was developed for inspection of Salmonella in ready‐to‐eat fruits and vegetables. SLB was formulated by improved Luria‐Bertani (LB), the recovery of acid‐injured Salmonella in SLB was superior to Selenite Cystine Broth (SC) (p < 0.05). In addition, the growth speed of Salmonella in SLB was exceeding among LB and SC, and growth inhibition of non‐target bacteria without compromising Salmonella. Fruits and vegetables, inoculated with Salmonella, were inspected using a LAMP kit and by spreading on selective agar plates after incubation in SLB (10 hr) and Buffered Peptone Water (BPW)‐SC (34 hr). The LAMP kit had a high detection rate (100%) for both the culture methods, whereas detection rates after incubation in BPW‐SC were lower than those in SLB using the coating detection method. In general, SLB had suitable solubility and needed less incubation times, and the combination of SLB and LAMP method could enhance the accuracy of test results.
“On the Recovery Journey:” An Integrative Review of the Needs of Burn Patients From Immediate Pre‐Discharge to Post‐Discharge Period Using the Omaha System
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Agyei Frank Bediako
Published: May 2020

Background

To establish a conceptual understanding of the needs of burn patients, the specific research question asked is: “What are the needs of burn patients from 1‐week pre‐discharge to the post‐discharge period?”

Methods

Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review approach was used to answer the review question. The databases searched were the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Thirty‐two primary studies were retained at the end of the screening process. Directed content analysis was undertaken, with the Omaha system as an organizing framework.

Results

Recovery after burns is not a linear process, but an intricate one filled with varied needs in the physiological (pain, skin, neuro‐musculo‐skeletal, and infection), psychosocial (social contact, role changes, spirituality, grief, mental health, and sexuality), health‐related behavior (nutrition, sleep and rest patterns, and physical activity), and environmental (income) domains of the Omaha system. The nature and intensity of these needs change over time, suggesting that recovery for the burn patient is an ongoing process.

Conclusions

Several needs exist from 1 week before discharge to the post‐discharge period. The mutual relationship and evolving nature of these needs create an avenue for a flexible, regular, holistic transitional program, similar to the support offered to persons living with chronic conditions.

Clinical Relevance

Hospital discharge does not imply an end to the recovery of burn patients, and burn survivors still require holistic care even after discharge. The review shows the applicability of the Omaha system in exploring and classifying the needs of burn survivors and situates nursing at the core of such a program. It is possible that a nurse‐led program of care needs to be considered.
Entinostat is a novel therapeutic agent to treat oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Marques Ana Elizia M. , do Nascimento Filho Carlos Henrique V. , Marinho Bezerra Thamara M. , Guerra Eliete N. S. , Castilho Rogerio M. , Squarize Cristiane H.
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Alterations of the epigenome may influence cancer initiation and progression. At the cellular level, histones are key regulators of chromatin accessibility and gene transcription; thus, the inhibition of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDACs) constitutes an attractive target for therapy. In this study, we investigated the effects of the HDAC inhibitor entinostat on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Materials and Methods

We tested the effects of entinostat on OSCC cell lines. Cell viability and growth were analyzed using MTT assay. Cell cycle analysis, cell apoptosis, cancer stem cell (CSC) content, and the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OSCC tumor cells were assessed using flow cytometry. The expression of histones and cell cycle regulatory proteins was examined by Western blot.

Results

The administration of entinostat resulted in reduced proliferation of OSCC cells, followed by cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, as well as substantial tumor apoptosis. We found an increase in ROS production and significant reductions in CSCs. We also found that entinostat caused increased acetylation histone H3 and histone H4, and changes in the expression of cell cycle‐associated proteins such as p21.

Conclusion

This study indicates that entinostat is a potential novel therapeutic agent for OSCC by halting tumor proliferation, inducing cytotoxicity and intracellular ROS, and attacking the CSCs.
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 regulates the secretion of interleukin‐1β in the temporomandibular joint of rats with synovial inflammation
Authors: Qi Dong , Sun Shuzhen , Han Liang , Wang Qiang , Kong Jingjing , Zhang Yujun , Wang Ronglin , Chen Yan , Ji Ping
Published: May 2020

Background

Synovitis is characterized by the infiltration of inflammatory cells and often accompanies the pathological progression of the clinical symptoms affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), such as pain, snapping, and limited mouth opening. It has been suggested that the signal transduction pathway and resultant proinflammatory mediators play important roles in the pathogenesis of synovitis. Therefore, in this present research, we aimed to investigate the changes in the expressions of stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1) and interleukin (IL)‐1β in rats with occlusal interference.

Materials and Methods

We divided 36 male Wistar rats into the following groups: Group A (control group), Group B (occlusal interference group), and Group C (AMD3100 group). Synovial inflammation was induced in the rats in Groups B and C to establish the occlusal interference model. The inflammatory changes were detected, and the expressions of SDF‐1 and IL‐1β in the synovium were assayed via immunostaining and a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

In Group B, obvious inflammatory changes were observed in the synovial membranes; additionally, the SDF‐1 and IL‐1β expression levels were significantly higher at the protein and mRNA levels. However, in Group C, these experimental results were inhibited by an injection with AMD3100.

Conclusion

These results may indicate that SDF‐1 regulates the expression level of inflammatory factors, such as IL‐1β, in the synovial membranes of rats with occlusal interference. Our findings suggest that the SDF‐1 axis may contribute to the onset of synovitis during the development of TMJ joint disease.
High‐risk lymph node ratio predicts worse prognosis in patients with locally advanced oral cancer
Authors: Zhao Tong‐Chao , Liang Si‐Yuan , Ju Wu‐Tong , Fu Yong , Zhou Zhi‐Hang , Wang Li‐Zhen , Li Jiang , Zhang Chen‐Ping , Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Zhong Lai‐Ping
Published: May 2020

Background

To investigate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR), as well as the correlation with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5‐FU (TPF) induction chemotherapy, in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

Two‐hundred and forty‐five patients from a phase 3 trial involving TPF induction chemotherapy in stage III/IVA OSCC patients (NCT01542931) were enrolled in this study between 2008 and 2010. The clinical and pathological data were collected and analyzed. The cutoff value for LNR was calculated on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models, and Kaplan‐Meier method were used for survival analysis.

Results

According to the ROC curve, the cutoff value for LNR was 7.6%. With a median follow‐up period of 80 months, the OSCC patients with high‐risk LNR (> 7.6%), or positive extranodal extension (ENE) had significantly worse clinical outcomes than patients with low‐risk LNR (≤7.6%) or negative ENE. Multivariate analysis on pathological covariates showed that only high‐risk LNR was an independent negative predictive factor for survival (P < .05). The cutoff value of LNR of 7.6% was also verified with the similar results using an open TCGA database, high‐risk LNR indicating worse overall survival (P < .001) and disease‐free survival (P < .001).

Conclusion

Oral squamous cell carcinoma patients with high‐risk LNR have a worse clinical outcome than patients with low‐risk LNR. High‐risk LNR is an independent negative predictive factor for clinical outcome in patients with locally advanced OSCC.
How to improve the quality of life in peripheral and lagging regions by policy measures? Examining the effects of two different policies in Germany
Authors: Wardenburg Sven , Brenner Thomas
Published: May 2020

Peripheral regions commonly appear to be less attractive to live in and policymakers all over the world are applying various measures to make them more attractive. This paper analyzes the effects of two very different measures: The German municipal fiscal equalization scheme and the German structural funds for economically weak areas (GRW). It focusses on the impact on perceived quality of life, measured through interregional migration between German labor market regions. Using a spatial vector autoregressive panel model, we find evidence that equalization transfers have a significant positive impact on regional net migration and contribute to the aim of regional equity. These effects are especially found for regions with low endogenous fiscal capacities. GRW funding reveals no significant effects on net migration rates in total, but short‐term effects in rural regions.
Spatial variations and clustering in the rates of youth unemployment and NEET: A comparative analysis of Italy, Spain, and the UK
Authors: Bradley Steve , Migali Giuseppe , Navarro Paniagua Maria
Published: May 2020

We investigate the “determinants” of spatial variations in youth unemployment and NEET rates, and the presence of spatial clusters, for Italy, Spain and the UK. We aggregate Labour Force Survey data for the period 1993–2018 to a “regional” level. We find that youths are sensitive to aggregate labor market conditions and a discouraged worker effect. In the UK and Spain, temporary jobs are more likely to be preferred to part‐time jobs, whereas in Italy the opposite occurs. There is evidence of spatial clustering of youth unemployment and NEET rates. We discuss the implications for place‐based regional and labor market policies.
External validity of hedonic price estimates: Heterogeneity in the price discount associated with having Black and Hispanic neighbors
Authors: Zhang Lei , Leonard Tammy
Published: May 2020

We examined the hedonic price of neighborhood racial composition across a sample of 180 US housing markets and compared heterogeneity in results. Statistically significant estimated price elasticities calculated at the mean ranged from −0.61 to 0.2 and −0.26 to 0.21, for increases in Black and Hispanic neighborhood proportion, respectively. Hedonic price discounts for Black neighborhoods were greater when land supply was more inelastic, when the land value share of the housing cost was greater, and in the southern portion of the United States. Hedonic price discounts associated with Hispanic neighborhoods exhibited no patterns relative to geography or housing supply factors.
The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)1
Authors: Benico Garry , Takahashi Kazuya , Lum Wai Mun , Yñiguez Aletta T. , Iwataki Mitsunori
Published: May 2020

In all, 26 cultures of the harmful marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium, isolated from Japanese and Philippine coastal waters, were examined using LM, SEM, and molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA. Seven Karlodinium species (six from Japan and four from Philippines), K. australe, K. ballantinum, K. decipiens, K. gentienii, K. veneficum, K. zhouanum, and a novel species Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov., were identified based on their morphology and phylogenetic positions. Karlodinium azanzae from Manila Bay, Philippines was further characterized by TEM, HPLC (chloroplast pigment), and bioassay on brine shrimp and other marine zooplankton. Cells of K. azanzae were the largest (mean 25.3 µm long) in Karlodinium, possessed numerous tiny reflective particles, starch grains, and lipid granules, and usually swam at the bottom of the culture vessel. The straight apical structure complex and a ventral pore were common to the genus. The longitudinally elongated nucleus was located at the center, and the yellowish chloroplasts contained an embedded pyrenoid and carotenoid pigments typical of the genus (i.e., fucoxanthin as major carotenoid with its derivatives). TEM revealed a part of the flagellar apparatus, of which the long striated ventral connective is the first report in the Kareniaceae. Phylogenetic trees showed closest affinity of K. azanzae with K. australe and K. armiger. The new species could be differentiated from related species by cell size, position of the nucleus, and characteristic swimming behavior. Lethality of K. azanzae to large zooplankton and micropredation using a developed peduncle was also observed.
Galectin‐8 mediates fibrogenesis induced by cyclosporine in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Smith Patricio C. , Metz Claudia , de la Peña Adely , Oyanadel Claudia , Avila Patricio , Arancibia Rodrigo , Vicuña Lucas , Retamal Claudio , Barake Francisca , González Alfonso , Soza Andrea
Published: May 2020

Background and Objective

During cyclosporine‐induced gingival overgrowth, the homeostatic balance of gingival connective tissue is disrupted leading to fibrosis. Galectins are glycan‐binding proteins that can modulate a variety of cellular processes including fibrosis in several organs. Here, we study the role of galectin‐8 (Gal‐8) in the response of gingival connective tissue cells to cyclosporine.

Methods

We used human gingival fibroblasts and mouse NIH3T3 cells treated with recombinant Gal‐8 and/or cyclosporine for analyzing specific mRNA and protein levels through immunoblot, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, ELISA and immunofluorescence, pull‐down with Gal‐8‐Sepharose for Gal‐8‐to‐cell surface glycoprotein interactions, short hairpin RNA for Gal‐8 silencing and Student's t test and ANOVA for statistical analysis.

Results

Galectin‐8 stimulated type I collagen and fibronectin protein levels and potentiated CTGF protein levels in TGF‐β1‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Gal‐8 interacted with α5β1‐integrin and type II TGF‐β receptor. Gal‐8 stimulated fibronectin protein and mRNA levels, and this response was dependent on FAK activity but not Smad2/3 signaling. Cyclosporine and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) increased Gal‐8 protein levels. Finally, silencing of galectin‐8 in NIH3T3 cells abolished cyclosporine‐induced fibronectin protein levels.

Conclusion

Taken together, these results reveal for the first time Gal‐8 as a fibrogenic stimulus exerted through β1‐integrin/FAK pathways in human gingival fibroblasts, which can be triggered by cyclosporine. Further studies should explore the involvement of Gal‐8 in human gingival tissues and its role in drug‐induced gingival overgrowth.