bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth rate and behaviour in separated, partially separated or non-separated kids and the corresponding milk production of their mothers
Authors: Högberg Madeleine , Winblad von Walter Louise , Hydbring-Sandberg Eva , Forkman Björn , Dahlborn Kristina
Published: December 2021

We address the hypothesis that keeping kids and mothers together would have positive effects on the milk composition of the mother and the behaviour of the kids. Kids were either permanently separated (SEP), daily separated between 7.30 and 15 h (DAY-SEP) or kept with mothers 24 h/d (NON-SEP). The NON-SEP kids were only allowed to suckle one teat. All kids had similar growth rate throughout the study (lactation days 5–70). DAY-SEP kids spent 24% of their time with their mother at both ages. NON-SEP spent only 15% of the time with their mothers at 2 weeks of age and this increased to 28% at 2 months of age. NON-SEP kids showed more hiding behaviour at 2 weeks and SEP were more active alone, at both 2 weeks and 2 months, compared to the other treatments. The mean available milk yield and fat concentration were higher in DAY-SEP goats (2420 g ± 119 g and 4.9 ± 0.1%) compared with NON-SEP goats (2149 ± 79 g and 4.4 ± 0.1%). There were no differences between DAY-SEP and NON-SEP goats in total protein, lactose, or casein concentrations. Based on these data it was estimated that 7.1 kg milk was needed to produce 1 kg semi-hard cheese in DAY-SEP goats and 7.5 kg in NON-SEP goats, respectively. When comparing milk yield and composition between udder halves, the milk yield was, as expected, higher from the machine milked teat than from the suckled one in the NON-SEP goats but there was no difference between right and left udder halves in DAY-SEP goats. Milk fat concentration varied between teats at morning and afternoon milkings in NON-SEP goats, but there was no difference in milk fat between udder-halves in DAY-SEP goats. In conclusion, the kid growth rate was similar in all treatments, however, an altered behaviour was seen in permanently separated kids (SEP). The results show that it is possible to have a high milk yield and fat concentration with one kid together with the dam.
Gramian-constrained optimization process for the stiffness model identification of industrial manipulators
Authors: Oliveira W. R. , Trabasso L. G.
Published: December 2021

This work deals with the elastostatic identification of industrial manipulators. By reviewing the basics of the physical elastic properties of both links and joints in the framework of the lumped stiffness modeling techniques, the Gramian nature of the stiffness matrices has been found out adequate to do so. Then, a novel optimization method has been developed, which incorporates the Gramian matrix formulation along a non-linear optimization process, acting as an intrinsic constraint for the conservativeness of the elastostatic modeling. Numerical and experimental analyses evince the effectiveness of the proposed method, as the elastostatic models obtained by means of the proposed technique predict more than 93.7% of the compliance deviations of a real industrial robot. The proposed method is simple enough to be jointly applicable to the most recent elastostatic model reduction techniques.
Advertising patterns of a fast-food chain on social media in Brazil
Authors: da Silva Jéssica Moreira , Matos Juliana de Paula , Rodrigues Michele Bittencourt , Mais Laís Amaral , Claro Rafael Moreira , Horta Paula Martins
Published: December 2021

Objective:

To investigate the advertising patterns on the posts of a fast-food chain in Brazil on three social media platforms in 2019.

Design:

An exploratory cross-sectional study.

Setting:

Advertising strategies on the posts of a major fast-food chain on their official Facebook, Instagram and YouTube accounts. The strategies were investigated according to the INFORMAS protocol for food promotion monitoring. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify advertising patterns in each platform.

Participants:

305 advertisements

Results:

Four advertising patterns were identified in the PCA of Facebook and Instagram. In both platforms, the components for kids and product exaltation were similar. On Facebook, a pattern corresponding to economic appeal was identified as price and discount, while on Instagram, this pattern also included a practical approach. On Facebook, the fourth component was named celebrity, while on Instagram it was celebrity/innovation since on this second social media the component also included the ‘new brand development’ variable. On YouTube, three advertising patterns were identified in PCA. Similar to the other platforms, the first and the second patterns were called for kids and price and discount, and the third component referred to both celebrity and commemorative dates.

Conclusions:

The advertising patterns of the fast-food chain on three social media platforms were commonly directed to children and addressed price, discounts and the celebrities’ universe. The findings of this study corroborate other data in the literature regarding unhealthy food advertising on social media. This study discusses the urgency of regulating food advertising content on this medium.
Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix Analysis for the Detection of Discrete, Ethanol-Induced, Structural Changes in Cell Nuclei: An Artificial Intelligence Approach
Authors: Davidovic Lazar M. , Cumic Jelena , Dugalic Stefan , Vicentic Sreten , Sevarac Zoran , Petroianu Georg , Corridon Peter , Pantic Igor
Published: December 2021

Gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) analysis is a contemporary and innovative computational method for the assessment of textural patterns, applicable in almost any area of microscopy. The aim of our research was to perform the GLCM analysis of cell nuclei in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells after the induction of sublethal cell damage with ethyl alcohol, and to evaluate the performance of various machine learning (ML) models regarding their ability to separate damaged from intact cells. For each cell nucleus, five GLCM parameters were calculated: angular second moment, inverse difference moment, GLCM contrast, GLCM correlation, and textural variance. Based on the obtained GLCM data, we applied three ML approaches: neural network, random trees, and binomial logistic regression. Statistically significant differences in GLCM features were observed between treated and untreated cells. The multilayer perceptron neural network had the highest classification accuracy. The model also showed a relatively high level of sensitivity and specificity, as well as an excellent discriminatory power in the separation of treated from untreated cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that it is possible to create a relatively sensitive GLCM-based ML model for the detection of alcohol-induced damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell nuclei.
Historical constellations in the planetarium
Authors: Hoffmann Susanne M
Published: December 2021

This contribution summarizes the reconstruction of historical constellations. It is based on studies of classics, philologies, history of science and history of art. In the given brevity, I can only sketch the strategic, scientific and educational reasons.
The Case for Coordinating Earth & Space Science Education Worldwide
Authors: Waller William H.
Published: December 2021

Despite the many amazing advances that have occurred in the space sciences (planetary science, heliophysics, astronomy, and cosmology) these subjects continue to play minor roles in pre-collegiate science education. Similarly, the Earth sciences are woefully under-represented in most school science programs – despite their vital relevance to our physical well-being. Some countries have educational standards that formally prioritize the Earth & space sciences as much as the physical and life sciences, but even they fail to actualize their mandated priorities. I contend that better coordination and advancement of Earth & space science education at the national, state, society, and educator levels would lead to better educational outcomes worldwide.
The oldest astronomical observatories in Ukraine
Authors: Vavilova I.B. , Artemenko T.G.
Published: December 2021

We present the data related to the revealed astronomical oldest observatories at the territory of Ukraine and describe briefly the principles of observations which could be realized at these sites with usage of megalithic stones. Among these oldest observatories are as follows: the stone complex at the Lysyna Kosmatska mountain (Charpatian region); Bakhchysaray Menhir in Crimea; a complex of shafts at the Mavrin Maidan near Pavlograd city.
The sample of eight LLAGNs: X-ray properties
Authors: Pulatova Nadiia G. , Tugay Anatoliy V. , Zadorozhna Lidiia V.
Published: December 2021

LLAGN are very important objects for studying as they are found in a large fraction of all massive galaxies. Nevertheless this topic needs more investigation as fraction of LLAGN in all AGN are much more higher than fraction of researches dedicated to LLAGN among all AGN studies. The goal of our work is checking out X-ray properties of LLAGN. For this purpose we created a sample of LLAGN by selecting most prominent LLAGN from literature and analyzed their X-ray spectral properties. As a result, we obtained 12 LLAGN and for 8 of them XMM X-ray observations are available. The spectra from one XMM camera, PN, were fitted with power law + absorption of neutral hydrogen. In the current report we present the previous results of this study. We plan to increase numbers of objects in our future studies.
The right to the night sky in punitive enclosure context
Authors: Guevara Natalia , Haack Rodrigo F. , Acosta Victoria B. , Senn María A. , Silva Carolina A. , Adamson Rocío , Ruta Jeremias , Gómez Natalia M. , Brellis Karen A. , Puga Marina S. , De Bortoli Bruno J. , Pallazo Fiamma S. , Lizzi Ayelén
Published: December 2021

The “Right to the night sky” outreach project holds astronomy workshops for children and teens deprived of their liberty in juvenile detention centers. It is carried out by an interdisciplinary group of students, graduates, and teachers of Astronomy, Geophysics, Educational Science, Law, Psychology, Social Work, and Social Communication. It’s has been accredited and recognized by the Faculty of Astronomical and Geophysical Sciences, and the National University of La Plata (Argentina) since the year 2014. This work presents the diverse activities developed in the project, the methodologies used, and an analysis of how the project evolved, grew, and expanded over time, continuing what has already been presented by Charalambous et al. (2014) and Haack et al. (2019)
Astronomy in The Malaysian National School Syllabus
Authors: Aimran Wan Mohd , Kamil Wan Mohd
Published: December 2021

This is a preliminary survey of astronomy topics incorporated into the Malaysian national school syllabus. Topics directly relevant to astronomy are situated within the general science subject from Year 4 (age 10 years old) until Year 9 (age 15 years old) and are grouped under four main themes: Earth-Sun-Moon system, the Solar System, Stars, and Exploration of Outer Space. Contemporary topics such as exoplanets and astrobiology are not explicitly mentioned, but students are required to engage in hypothetical thinking by speculating on planetary diversity and its implications for life in the Universe. We characterize the astronomy content in the Malaysian national school syllabus to be life-centric and relatively open-ended.
Basics of Astrophysics in primary school: Marvel, play and learn
Authors: Torres-Campos Ana
Published: December 2021

In this poster is presented the development and testing of a pilot project to teach basics of astronomy to primary school students. This is a learning program that bases on the interdisciplinary nature of astronomy with amusing and playful activities. The objective of the programme is to engage children in astronomy and make them aware of the importance of the development of science and technology for society. The program has been tested a small non-government-funded school in the state of Puebla, in Mexico. Due COVID-19 lockdown the classes had to switch from face-to-face to online. Over 80% of the students that completed the course had considerably increased their knowledge of astronomy and requested to continue with the classes on the next school term.
Solar Eclipse: a didactic alternative for education in Astronomy
Authors: Sebben Viviana , Romagnoli Claudia
Published: December 2021

This article presents a didactic experience in teacher training carried out in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. The training was carried out on the occasion of a total solar eclipse taking place in this region on July 2, 2019. Prior to this event, the authors, members of NASE, developed training meetings of the Ministry of Education of Santa Fe , on topics of Astronomy. From these workshops, participants of all educational levels with different specialties, carried out with their students school science activities where they applied Astronomy with an interdisciplinary perspective. In this way, the eclipse became an event that made possible an enrichment of astronomical education in the region.
Research, innovation, scientific literacy and inclusion in astronomy
Authors: Lanciano Nicoletta , Ortiz-Gil Amelia , Camino Néstor
Published: December 2021

With this roundtable we wished to discuss about different topics related to research, innovation, scientific literacy and inclusion in Astronomy education, putting together the expertise of educators from all around the world. The present paper includes the introduction to the roundtable prepared by the chairs of the session as well as the contributions from several of the participants.
Accessible Astronomy Activities for the Blind and Visually Impaired in Puerto Rico
Authors: Isidro Villamizar Gloria M. , Pantoja Pantoja Carmen A. , Lebrón Santos Mayra E.
Published: December 2021

We present the design and development of accessibleWe have shortened the running head. Please check. activities in astronomy for blind persons in Puerto Rico. We design for a diverse audience that sees from different perspectives, but with the same purpose: to know and discover the Universe. We adapt tactile materials to develop themes that require visual images. We design and develop three-dimensional tactile material to offer blind people the opportunity to get the conceptual idea of the specific topic under consideration. Listening and designing bearing in mind the voice of blind people with their different life experiences is essential. Through years of experience (2006 – 2020) we have learned to use new strategies in the design and development of tactile materials. We recognize that what we have achieved to date has been possible through the exchange of efforts, collaboration, and volunteering. In recent months, we have been publishing videos with each of the tactile materials, with the purpose of contributing to the literacy of astronomy worldwide.
Japan Astronomical Heritage: The First Two Years
Authors: Horaguchi Toshihiro
Published: December 2021

The Astronomical Society of Japan has started authorization of Japan Astronomical Heritage since 2018. The society certificates two or three sites/materials/literature every year not only for preservation but also for utilization. The certification influences citizens and local governments, and stimulates various movements. The idea of national astronomical heritage will help to preserve valuable properties of each country and to promote the utilization.
The sky is the limit fifteen years of literacy in astronomy
Authors: Cabezas Daniel , Curcio Omar , De La Rosa Joaqun , Escudero Jorge , Fabbro José , Flores Daniel , Girola Rafael , Iglesias Patricia , Lucarelli Carlos , Pernicone Verónica , Plem José , Racchiusa Norma , Vinet Néstor
Published: December 2021

EnDiAs is an argentine group of astronomy fans founded fifteen years ago, whose goal is the public dissemination of Astronomy through Non-Formal Education. We consider that the sky is a World Heritage and everyone should have access to its observation and study. This paper shows the activities carried out by EnDiAs to fulfill its goal.
Modeling astronomy education, the case of F-HOU tools : SalsaJ and Human Orrery
Authors: Rollinde Emmanuel
Published: December 2021

This communication introduces two cases of the use of astronomy as a motivating context to interdisciplinary science education with emphasis on modeling activities. Firstly, a dedicated software, called SalsaJ, allows students to reproduce the same data analysis as made by astronomers. The case of exoplanet detection will be used as an exemple. Secondly, bodies of learners are considered to model movements of planets with a Human Orrery (a Spatio-Temporal Map of the Solar System), connecting thus mathematics, physics, geography and arts.
Antofagasta: Astronomy education on the shoulders of giants
Authors: Unda-Sanzana Eduardo
Published: December 2021

This work presents the motivation, history and current status of the Primera Luz initiative, a long-term educational project run by researchers and professionals of the Astronomy Center (CITEVA) at Universidad de Antofagasta (UA, Chile), primarily focused on connecting Astronomy with the people living in the Region of Antofagasta (Chile) but producing results designed to be shared with international audiences.
With Covid-19: Attempt of learning to observe the moon using a telescope at home
Authors: Agata Hidehiko
Published: December 2021

Students took an assembly-type telescope kit from a public elementary school and brought it to their homes in 2019. Three classes attempted to observe the Moon at home using the Kaifu-NAOJ Telescope Kit. As a result, all children observed the Moon at home using the kit. From their observations, around 90% identified the existence of craters and understood the reflection of sunlight on the Moon’s surface. As Covid-19 prevention measures in education, we propose the introduction of at-home telescopic observations for STEAM activities.
Outreach in the era of big data with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Authors: Caballero-Mora Karen S. ,   for the Pierre Auger Collaboration
Published: December 2021

The Pierre Auger Observatory, built to study the physics of astroparticles, has expanded its endeavours in outreach and education. Since its inception, the collaboration has been informing the general public about its discoveries. From creating a visitor center in Malargüe, Argentina, to providing talks for different audiences, science fairs for students, international measurement workshops, and making compilations of the scientific contributions of women in different countries throughout history, we share the passion for science with the population. The collaboration processes a huge amount of data and requires a large storage capacity. However, 10% of this data is made available to the general public in a useable format. The collaboration developed special masterclasses aimed at high school students, providing the software that can be used to analyse the public data set. In addition, a summary of the different outreach activities performed by the members of the Pierre Auger Collaboration will be presented.
Solar eclipses in India’s cultural and political history
Authors: Kapoor R. C.
Published: December 2021

This contribution presents earliest records in the Indian stone inscriptions and literature that specifically mention the eclipse as total or annular and the eclipses that timed with wars. Solar cult temples can be found all over India. In a few, the assigned dates coincide or are close to the dates of solar eclipses of large magnitude in the area.
The role of Big Data in Astronomy Education
Authors: Mickaelian A. M. , Mikayelyan G. A.
Published: December 2021

We review Big Data in Astronomy and its role in Astronomy Education. At present all-sky and large-area astronomical surveys and their catalogued data span over the whole range of electromagnetic spectrum, from gamma-ray to radio, as well as most important surveys giving optical images, proper motions, variability and spectroscopic data. Most important astronomical databases and archives are presented as well. They are powerful sources for many-sided efficient research using the Virtual Observatory (VO) environment. It is shown that using and analysis of Big Data accumulated in astronomy lead to many new discoveries. Using these data gives a significant advantage for Astronomy Education due to its attractiveness and due to big interest of young generation to computer science and technologies. The Computer Science itself benefits from data coming from the Universe and a new interdisciplinary science Astroinformatics has been created to manage these data.
Construction of didactic devices that materialize the states of illumination of the ground and of the planet
Authors: Camino Néstor
Published: December 2021

The original design of the IAUS367 included the development of a Workshop, thought to be a face-to-face instance, in order to interact with teachers and researchers, and to discuss the design, the theoretical foundations and the use of some didactic devices to observe and record the state of illumination and shadows casting variations on different objects, natural or artificial, through time, and its interpretation from a local, topocentric perspective, together with a global, planetary perspective. The pandemic forced us to convert this activity in a virtual one, which was very interesting anyway, with the participation of colleagues from different countries and with great theoretical wealth in the discussions. The Workshop lasted 2 hours, in Spanish language. We present here the initial proposal and a summary of what was discussed. (The complete video register can be accessed in the YouTube channel of IAUS367).
NASE Workshop: Eclipses and Gravitation Lenses
Authors: Ros Rosa M. , García Beatriz , Moreno Ricardo , Jiwaji Noorali T. , Rokni Mahdi
Published: December 2021

Astronomy is connected with the every day experiences of the people, since the observation of simple and repetitive phenomena, as the succesion of days and nights, untill events of high impact, as the total solar eclipses. In this sense, the Astronomy is a fascinating activity and can be used to inspire interest in sciences in general. In this contribution, we introduce the Network of Astronmy School Education as part of the IAU proposals connected with teaching training programs, and we highlight several examples on the specific topic of the eclipses: their importance and connection with the culture, that can capture students attention if we use the workshops as part of the classes.
Stellarium: Simulation for Research and Outreach
Authors: Zotti Georg
Published: December 2021

Over the past decade the free and open-source cross-platform desktop planetarium program Stellarium has gained not only most of the computational accuracy requirements for today’s amateur astronomers, but also unique capabilities for specialized applications in cultural astronomy research and astronomical outreach. A 3D rendering module can put virtual reconstructions of human-made monuments in their surrounding landscape under the day and night skies of their respective epochs, so that the user can investigate and experience the potential connection of architecture, landscape, light and shadow, and the sky. It also played a key role in an exhibition about Stonehenge in Austria.

Exchangeable “skycultures” allow the presentation of constellation patterns and mythological figures of non-Western cultures. Stellarium’s multi-language support allows community-driven translation of the whole program, which predestines its use in education also in minority languages.

Stellarium is developed by a very small core team, but is open to external contributions.
Sunspot observation by the cooperation of amateur astronomers and researchers in Japan in early 20th century as early citizen science program
Authors: Tamazawa Harufumi
Published: December 2021

The development of astronomy has been developed by the cooperation of amateur astronomers and researchers. Sunspot observation is a good example of Extreme citizen science in early days. Issei YAMAMOTO (1889–1959), organized “Oriental Astronomical Association (OAA),” Yamamoto’s materials (now in Kwasan observatory) include solar observation data sent from many observers in Japan. From the viewpoint of today’s Citizen Science, collaborative observation of sunspot between researchers of solar physics and amateur astronomers in Japan has clearly a context of social mission rather than mere academic interest. From the viewpoint of science communication, we can see that Yamamoto’s call includes a social mission to promote astronomy in Japan, and that amateurs responded to Yamamoto’s call by participating in the observation network. It can be said that this collaboration have not only “cultural” aspect but also “civic”or “practical” aspect.
Solar Eclipse: a didactic alternative for education in Astronomy
Authors: Chis Paula
Published: December 2021

Influence of astronomy education, in other disciplines, can give some possible explanation even in the history field. We propose to link astronomy, history and heritage through Big Data, without a telescope.

If we look to the Dacian Draco flag we can find a similitude with Draco constellation and that was a little bit intrigue. In the era of digitalization we can use computers to see back in time.
A HOLOtta Fun: Explaining Astronomy with 3D Holograms
Authors: Buckner Anne S.M.
Published: December 2021

Traditional visual aids used in astronomy outreach (such as 2D telescope images) can fail to effectively convey complex and abstract ideas to lay audiences. With the advent of impressive CGI images widely available in film and other media, these aids may also not meet their expectations or visually engage people. To address this, we have been employing 3D holograms in lieu of 2D images for astronomy-based outreach activities both in-person (pre-pandemic), and virtually since the start of the pandemic. Here we demonstrate how the reader can make and incorporate holograms in their own virtual talks (no budget required) and present the feedback we’ve received so far.
Preliminary Report on the 14 December 2020 Total Solar Eclipse Observations
Authors: Pasachoff Jay M.
Published: December 2021

This paper summarizes preliminary scientific observations from sites in Chile and Argentina from which the totality was observed on 14 December 2020 at the minimum of the solar-activity/sunspot cycle.
Astronomy for Development – A story from South Africa
Authors: Ödman Carolina J.
Published: December 2021

In this article we describe the recent history of astronomy in South Africa from the perspective of development. We describe how all major astronomy initiatives have carried a component of development with them, be it capacity building or socio-economic development. We highlight some activities and conclude that South Africa’s coherent and ambitious strategy has led to substantial changes in the astronomy research community in South Africa and that the young astronomers now starting their careers are taking possession of a bright future.
Tanzanian experience of In-service Teacher Training in Astronomy through the NASE program
Authors: Jiwaji Noorali T.
Published: December 2021

We provide our first experience of Astronomy training as an in-service training of teachers of Science in Primary schools, and teachers of Geography, Physics and Mathematics in Secondary Schools necessitated due to lack of Astronomy specific training in their teacher training programs. The hands-on training was conducted in collaboration with the IAU Commission 46 Working Group program of Network of Astronomy Schools Education (NASE). Experiences from both face to face and virtual sessions conducted during the Covid19 period and in preparation of a major African solar eclipse, are discussed.
Strategies on Astronomy Education in the Era of Digital Transformation
Authors: Soonthornthum Boonrucksar
Published: December 2021

Two important strategies on astronomy education in the era of digital transformation proposed on this presentation are the uses of “Astronomy Literacy” and a “Deep Learning” through “Data Intensive Astronomy” to support astronomy education.

Astronomy literacy can create several thinking skills to young generation and public for promoting human capacity buildings on science and technology.

Nowadays, the astronomical data archives are impressively large and the “digital age” has made it easy to make the data available to astronomers, researchers, under graduate and graduate students and even to publics. Big data in astronomy has then played an important role in astronomy education both in higher education and school education. Astronomers and researchers can access “big data” for the deep learning through data intensive astronomy on their research works and school students and publics.

We hope to extend these strategies through regional and inter-regional collaboration to promote astronomy education in wider scale.
The IAU Office of Astronomy for Education
Authors: Pössel Markus , Liefke Carolin , Deacon Niall , Fischer Natalie , Muñoz Juan Carlos , Nielbock Markus , Salimpour Saeed , Sanderson Gwen
Published: December 2021

Since January 2020, the International Astronomical Union has an Office of Astronomy for Education (OAE). The OAE, which joins the previously existing IAU Offices for Astronomy for Development (OAD), Astronomy Outreach (OAO) and Young Astronomers (OYA) is hosted at Haus der Astronomie, a center for astronomy education and outreach operated by the Max Planck Society in Heidelberg, Germany. This contribution outlines the mission of the OAE, the current state of the office, its background, mission and collaborative structure, as well as the activities that have already started or are planned for the future.
Inclusive Eclipse: a sensorial experiencing along Chile
Authors: Troncoso-Iribarren P. , Santander C. , Díaz J. , López H. , Labbé E. , Schacht I. , Piña C. , Morales Marín C.A.L. , Drass H. , Barr Domínguez A.
Published: December 2021

An Eclipse is an astronomical event that convenes a large audience. Few days before it, most of the community is aware of the event and the press is activated fully on it. The alignment recovers our most intrinsic human aspects, the curiosity, and enthusiasm for a natural phenomenon. This work is focused to enjoy and perceive it in three different ways: visually, listening, and in an artistic expression.

We focused on the construction of more than one hundred LightSound devices, which the main purpose is to record the light intensity and transform it into different tones. Besides, we created an artistic representation of the Eclipse motivated by the ancestral culture of the people residing in the totality zone. This music adds a sensorial joy to the eclipse event.
Closing Remarks
Authors: Elmegreen Debra Meloy
Published: December 2021

This symposium has highlighted key first steps made in addressing many goals of the IAU Strategic Plan for 2020–2030. Presentations on initiatives regarding education, with applications to development, outreach, equity, inclusion, big data, and heritage, are briefly summarized here. The many projects underway for the public, for students, for teachers, and for astronomers doing astronomy education research provide a foundation for future collaborative efforts, both regionally and globally.
An investigation on conceptual understanding about cosmology
Authors: Colantonio Arturo , Marzoli Irene , Testa Italo , Puddu Emanuella
Published: December 2021

In this study, we identify patterns among students beliefs and ideas in cosmology, in order to frame meaningful and more effective teaching activities in this amazing content area. We involve a convenience sample of 432 high school students. We analyze students’ responses to an open-ended questionnaire with a non-hierarchical cluster analysis using the k-means algorithm.
Astronomy outreach for hospitalized children at Kyoto University Hospital
Authors: Tampo Y. , Mineshige S. , Arimoto J. , Tomato Nico-Nico , Hayakawa T. , Kawamura S. , Ohuchi R. , Kihara K. , Okamoto S.
Published: December 2021

Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University has been conducting astronomy outreach programs in Kyoto University Hospital since 2006. In this proceeding, we report our activities in the hospital, survey results from graduate students, and discuss future directions.
Relative Orientation of Prasat Hin Phanom Rung Temple to Spica on New Year’s Day: The Chief Indicator for the Intercalary Year of the Luni-Solar Calendar
Authors: Komonjinda Siramas , Riyaprao Orapin , Sriboonrueang Korakamon , Saelee Cherdsak
Published: December 2021

Prasat Hin Phanom Rung, located in Buriram Province of Thailand, is an ancient temple that had been built between the 10th and 13th century. The temple, which is off east-west orientation by 5.5° towards north, has unveiled the astonishing phenomena exhibiting both astronomical and architectural intellect of the ancient builders. The phenomena involve perfect quarterly-alignments of the sun through all the fifteen doorways of the temple. The phenomenal orientation of this ancient architecture has been elucidated by several scholars—including historians, archaeologists, and astronomers—that it might be related to solar or lunar events only. However, our studies have otherwise found a clue to this mystery that it may be based on how the ancient intelligence used stars in the zodiacal constellations to regulate agricultural calendars. In this study, we find that Phanom Rung was oriented with respect to Spica such that on the day Spica set on the west-side doorway at dawn, the sun was entering Mesha Rashi (Aries). This day has a direct connection to a New Year’s Day of Saka calendar (Śaka Era), presently called Thaloeng Sok Day. Furthermore, we have found the relationship between Spica and the full moon of Caitra from which the intercalary month-year (Adhikamas) was detected.
SeneSTEM: promoting STEM in Senegal
Authors: Mbaye Salma S. , Mbaye Modou , Kolenberg Katrien
Published: December 2021

SeneSTEM aims to bring Senegalese children and young people into contact with science, and – by extension – with the STEM disciplines (Science Technology Engineering Mathematics) in a very accessible and illustrative way. We do this with concrete workshops and experiments, for both teachers and for groups of children and young people. In collaboration with different educational organisations in Senegal, among which the Senegalese Association for the Promotion of Astronomy, SeneSTEM ensures that all layers of the population are enthusiastic about science (education). Special attention is given to motivating girls for scientific careers. SeneSTEM actions are based on an international collaboration partly supported by development funds from the city of Antwerp and the University of Antwerp (Belgium).
Inclusion of deaf and hearing-impaired people in a planetarium show
Authors: Garca Guillermo M. , Gerini Juan I. , Costa Andrea F.
Published: December 2021

In the Planetarium of the city of Rosario the deaf and the hearing-impaired people could only perceive the visual elements of the show, such as the starry sky and the video images, which are meaningless without the narration. The technical team detected the problem and implemented a solution, adapting a particular show with a team of interpreters and a deaf person, with a low cost of development and arriving to great results.
The National Schools’ Observatory: Access to the Universe for All
Authors: Cooper Sally E.
Published: December 2021

The National Schools’ Observatory is an educational platform that offers free access to all schools in the UK and Ireland to the world’s largest robotic telescope, the Liverpool Telescope. The website offers activities, resources for teaching and importantly Go Observing, the telescope interface. The website receives 1.5 million visitors a year and has registered users in 80 countries. The next generation of robotic telescopes offer a unique opportunity to build in education, that is open and accessible to all.
Is increased size at birth associated with longevity on the population level? – A historical and comparative analysis of regions in Sweden
Authors: Quaranta Luciana , Sharma Ankita , Pontén Åsa , Källén Karin , Nilsson Peter M.
Published: December 2021

Increased population longevity could be influenced by early life factors. Some areas have long-lived populations, also in a historical perspective. We aimed to study these factors in Halland, an area with the highest life expectancy in Sweden. We collected archival data on gestational age and birth characteristics from 995 live singleton full-term births at the Halmstad Hospital, Halland, from the period 1936 to 1938 and compared these to 3364 births from three hospitals in nearby Scania for the period 1935–1945. In addition, data were obtained on maternal and offspring characteristics from the national Swedish Medical Birth Register during 1973–2013. The results show that when controlling for background maternal and offspring characteristics, mean birth weight (BW) and mean birth length were higher in Halland than in Scania, but the proportion of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) was lower. However, mean BW for Halland did not differ from the rest of Sweden in recent years 2004–2013. We also conducted a mortality follow-up for children born in Scania, which showed that LBW, being born SGA, or short birth length reduced survival. In conclusion, the high mean life expectancy in Halland compared to the rest of Sweden could have been associated with beneficial early life factors influencing birth size in the past. In more recent decades the mean BW of Halland is not different from the national mean. Thus, longevity could be expected to become more equal to the national mean in the future.
Entwicklung und Machbarkeit einer Intervention zur Vermeidung freiheitsentziehender Maßnahmen im Krankenhaus
Authors: Abraham Jens , Neef Rüdiger , Meyer Gabriele , Möhler Ralph
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen (FEM) werden im Krankenhaus regelmäßig bei Menschen mit Demenz und Delir eingesetzt. Aufgrund des fehlenden Wirksamkeitsbelegs und der negativen Folgen ist die Vermeidung von FEM geboten. Fragestellung/Ziel: Entwicklung und Machbarkeitsprüfung einer Intervention zur Reduktion von FEM im Krankenhaus. Methode: Systematische Aufarbeitung der Literatur und theoriegeleitete Modellierung einer Intervention mit Einbezug der an der Versorgung beteiligten Berufsgruppen. Mixed Methods-Studie in zwei Abteilungen eines Universitätsklinikums (Alterstraumatologie und Neurologie). Ergebnisse: Die komplexe Intervention beinhaltet folgende Komponenten: Qualifizierung von Multiplikator_innen, interprofessionelle Kurzschulung, Audit-Feedback-Runden und die Unterstützung durch die pflegerischen und ärztlichen Leitungen. Die Ergebnisse zur Machbarkeit zeigen, dass die Intervention als praktikabel und hilfreich eingeschätzt wurde, aber der interprofessionelle Ansatz wurde nicht wie geplant umgesetzt. Als wichtigste Barriere für die Reduktion von FEM wurde die hohe Arbeitsverdichtung genannt. Die Ergebnisse zur Prävalenz von FEM waren aufgrund einer sehr geringen Ereignisrate nicht aussagekräftig. Schlussfolgerung: Die komplexe Intervention mit einem Multiplikator_innen-Ansatz zur Vermeidung von FEM wurde als praktikabel eingeschätzt, allerdings besteht weiterer Entwicklungsbedarf zur Stärkung der interprofessionellen Kooperation. Die Machbarkeit der Intervention sollte in weiteren Fachbereichen überprüft werden.
Unraveling the Relationship Between Tropical Storms and Agricultural Drought
Authors: Song J. Y. , Abbaszadeh P. , Deb P. , Moradkhani H.
Published: December 2021

Drought and tropical storm (TS) are associated with water deficit and surplus, respectively. Soil moisture is a key component in the hydrological cycle that plays an important role in monitoring drought and reflects the infiltrated or stored water due to TS rainfall. Therefore, soil moisture information can be used for the assessment of whether TS can ameliorate severe drought conditions. Here, we use downscaled 1 km Soil Moisture Active Passive data set generated at the Center for Complex Hydrosystems Research at the University of Alabama, and Hurricane Database 2nd generation to examine the coincidence of extreme events between agricultural droughts and Atlantic TS in the contiguous United States from 2015 to 2019. The Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) matching approach is employed to correct the bias using the root zone soil moisture data provided by the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 (NLDAS‐2), and then weekly Standardized Soil Moisture Index is calculated for characterization of agricultural drought. As a result, we estimate the frequency of TS impacted regions in the US, the ratio of droughts ameliorated and exacerbated by TS, and the regions where TS highly affect the offset of drought. Our findings indicate detailed spatial information of the offset of drought conditions based on a high‐resolution data set and provide potential information in terms of mitigating drought and TS for the future.
High‐Latitude Electrodynamics Specified in SAMI3 Using AMPERE Field‐Aligned Currents
Authors: Chartier A. T. , Huba J. D. , Sitaram D. P. , Merkin V. G. , Anderson B. J. , Vines S. K.
Published: December 2021

A new technique has been developed to determine the high‐latitude electric potential from observed field‐aligned currents (FACs) and modeled ionospheric conductances. FACs are observed by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE), while the conductances are modeled by Sami3 is Also a Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI3). This is a development of the Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling approach first demonstrated by Merkin and Lyon (2010), https://doi.org/10.1029/2010ja015461. An advantage of using SAMI3 is that the model can be used to predict total electron content (TEC), based on the AMPERE‐derived potential solutions. 23 May 2014 is chosen as a case study to assess the new technique for a moderately disturbed case (min Dst: −36 nT, max AE: 909 nT) with good GPS data coverage. The new AMPERE/SAMI3 solutions are compared against independent GPS‐based TEC observations from the Multi‐Instrument Data Analysis Software (MIDAS) by Mitchell and Spencer (2003), and against Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) ion drift data. The comparison shows excellent agreement between the location of the tongue of ionization in the MIDAS GPS data and the AMPERE/SAMI3 potential pattern, and good overall agreement with DMSP drifts. SAMI3 predictions of high‐latitude TEC are much improved when using the AMPERE‐derived potential as compared to Weimer's (2005), https://doi.org/10.1029/2005ja011270 model. The two potential models have substantial differences, with Weimer producing an average 77 kV cross‐cap potential versus 60 kV for the AMPERE‐derived potential. The results indicate that the 66‐satellite Iridium constellation provides sufficient resolution of FACs to estimate large‐scale ionospheric convection as it impacts TEC.
Development of a High‐Latitude Convection Model by Application of Machine Learning to SuperDARN Observations
Authors: Bristow W. A. , Topliff C. A. , Cohen M. B.
Published: December 2021

A new model of northern hemisphere high‐latitude convection derived using machine learning (ML) is presented. The ML algorithm random forests regression was applied to a database of velocities derived from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) observations processed with the potential mapping technique, Map‐Potential (Ruohoniemi & Baker, 1998, https://doi.org/10.1029/98ja01288). The features used to train the model were the interplanetary magnetic field components Bx, By, and Bz; the solar wind velocity, vsw; the auroral indices, Au and Al; and the geomagnetic index, SYM‐H. The SuperDARN velocities were separated into north‐south, and east‐west components and sorted into a magnetic local time ‐ magnetic latitude grid that ran from 55° to the magnetic pole with a bin size of 2° in latitude, and 1‐hr in MLT. Separate models were created for each velocity component in each bin of the grid. It is found that even though the models in each bin are independent of one another a coherent convection pattern is formed when the models are viewed in aggregate. The resulting convection pattern responds to changes in the auroral indices by expanding and contracting in a way that is consistent with expectations for a substorm cycle. Further it is found that the mean‐squared difference between predictions of the model and observed values of the velocity are substantially lower than the same quantity calculated for an existing climatology that was not formed with ML techniques.
Real-space subfemtosecond imaging of quantum electronic coherences in molecules
Authors: Garg M. , Martin-Jimenez A. , Pisarra M. , Luo Y. , Martín F. , Kern K.
Published: December 2021

Tracking electron motion in molecules is the key to understanding and controlling chemical transformations. Contemporary techniques in attosecond science are able to generate and trace the consequences of this motion in real time, but not in real space. Scanning tunnelling microscopy, on the other hand, can locally probe the valence electron density in molecules, but cannot alone provide dynamical information at this ultrafast timescale. Here we show that, by combining scanning tunnelling microscopy and attosecond technologies, quantum electronic coherences induced in molecules by <6-fs-long carrier-envelope-phase-stable near-infrared laser pulses can be directly visualized at ångström-scale spatial and subfemtosecond temporal resolutions. We demonstrate concurrent real-space and -time imaging of coherences involving the valence orbitals of perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride molecules, and full control over the population of the involved orbitals. This approach opens the way to the unambiguous observation and manipulation of electron dynamics in complex molecular systems.
Short-term changes related to autotetraploidy in essential oil composition of Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage and its applications in different bioassays
Authors: da Silva Alex Junior , Clarindo Wellington Ronildo , Simiqueli Guilherme Ferreira , Praça-Fontes Milene Miranda , Mendes Luiza Alves , Martins Gustavo Ferreira , Borém Aluízio
Published: December 2021

Some forest trees have been polyploidized to improve their traits and to supply new germplasms for breeding programs. As trees have a long juvenile stage, the early characterization of the chromosome set doubling effects is crucial for previous selection. Thus, we aimed to characterize the chemical variability of essential oils from diploid and autotetraploid germplasms (autotetraploid A and B) of Eucalyptus benthamii, as well as to evaluate their larvicidal and allelopathic effects. Autotetraploid A showed a higher essential oil yield than diploid and autotetraploid B, which did not differ quantitatively. Aromadendrene, viridiflorol and α-pinene were the major compounds in the diploid essential oil. In contrast, compounds were present in autotetraploids, such as 1,8-cineole, limonene, α-terpineol, and α-terpinyl-acetate. Essential oils from the diploid at 50–200 ppm were twice as larvicidal than those from autotetraploids against Aedes aegypti larvae. Considering the phytotoxicity bioassays using Lactuca sativa, essential oils from both ploidy levels affected root growth. Moreover, the essential oils inhibited shoot growth at all concentrations tested (187.5; 375; 750; 1500; and 3000 ppm). Autotetraploid A and B had the same effect on shoot growth as glyphosate. The essential oils had no cytogenotoxic effect on root meristematic cells of L. sativa, whereas phytotoxic potential was identified mainly in shoot growth. This work demonstrated a dramatic change in secondary metabolism (terpene composition) related to an increase in the ploidy level in Eucalyptus germplasms. In addition, we report the novelty of the chemical composition of essential oils among germplasms and their potential use as larvicidal and post-emergence weed control agents.