bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Application of Catford's Translation Shifts to the Translation of the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child from English into Arabic
Authors: Altwaijri Ala Bandar Abdulaziz
Published: July 2019

The objectives of this study were to determine the most frequent type of translation shifts according to Catford’s model of translation shifts in the translation of the UN’s Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) from English into Arabic and to examine the inevitability of resorting to translation shifts in legal texts. To conduct the analysis, the researcher selected a sample covering the preamble and the three main parts of the Convention representing legal texts in general. Throughout the analysis, every translation shift was traced and manually counted to identify the most frequent type of translation shifts. The inevitability of each of the identified shifts was examined to conclude how necessary translation shifts were to preserve the meaning and effect of the source text. The findings indicated that intra-system shifts were the most frequent type of shifts with the frequency of 174 shifts (=26.6%), followed by unit shifts scoring 171 shifts (=26.3%), then structure shifts with the frequency of 161 shifts (=24.6%), then class shifts being identified 128 times (=19.6%), and finally level shifts with the frequency of 19 shifts (=2.9%). Regarding the inevitability of resorting to translation shifts, 80.1% (=523 cases) of identified translation shifts were obligatory due to the linguistic disparities between English and Arabic. Only 19.9% of detected (=130 cases) were optional due to the technicality of legal texts. Finally, exposure of translators to legal texts was recommended to understand the linguistic and stylistic characteristics of English and Arabic legal texts and to maintain the meaning in the TT.
English Adjectives in Online Comments of Algerian English Speakers
Authors: Belfarhi Khadija
Published: July 2019

Adjectives are central in any use of language due to their role in providing descriptions to the aspects of the noun. The role of adjectives becomes more and more important with the emergence of computer-mediated communication (СMС). The aim of the present paper is to shed light on the use of adjectives in СMС. It is assumed that adjectives in online comments do not keep the same linguistic structure and function like in spoken English and new forms emerge as the result of using СMС. It analyses adjectives used by non-native English speakers through collecting a corpus of fifty utterances obtained from comments posted publically in Facebook. The results demonstrate that adjectives take different forms by means of combining with non-linguistic forms, and express functions other than just modifying nouns in the narrow sense. Adjectives combine with non-linguistic forms to reinforce their function, and a pragmatic function seen in implying the description.
Measuring biomechanical loads in team sports – from lab to field
Authors: Verheul Jasper , Nedergaard Niels J. , Vanrenterghem Jos , Robinson Mark A.
Published: July 2019

The benefits of differentiating between the physiological and biomechanical load-response pathways in football and other (team) sports have become increasingly recognised. In contrast to physiological loads however, the biomechanical demands of training and competition are still not well understood, primarily due to the difficulty of quantifying biomechanical loads in a field environment. Although musculoskeletal adaptation and injury are known to occur at a tissue level, several biomechanical load metrics are available that quantify loads experienced by the body as a whole, its different structures and the individual tissues that are part of these structures. This paper discusses the distinct aspects and challenges that are associated with measuring biomechanical loads at these different levels in laboratory and/or field contexts. Our hope is that through this paper, sport scientists and practitioners will be able to critically consider the value and limitations of biomechanical load metrics and will keep pursuing new methods to measure these loads within and outside the lab, as a detailed load quantification is essential to better understand the biomechanical load-response pathways that occur in the field.
Rating score of renal medical care in Ukraine provinces: 2018
Authors: Kolesnyk M. O. , Kozliuk N. I. , Razvazhaieva O. O.
Published: July 2019

The aim of the work was to conduct a rating of nephrological services in the regions of Ukraine by using the method of complex statistical coefficients.

Methods. Evaluation of nephrological services in the regions of Ukraine was performed via using indicators of the structure, health care resources, quality and efficiency of renal medical care of patients with chronic kidney disease and patients with acute kidney injury.

Results. The place of each province in national rating of state of renal medical care was identified.

Conclusions. Dramatic differences in the specialized nephrological care between the regions of Ukraine are primarily due, in our opinion, to the understanding of its medical and social importance and, hence, the funding level.
System inflammation and protein energy wasting correction in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chaikovska M. I. , Martynyuk L. P.
Published: July 2019

Protein-energy wasting as a manifestation of nutritional disorders is one of the central complications in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and largely determines quality and life expectancy. Both decrease in nutritional status and systemic inflammation are independent predictors of general and cardiovascular mortality. Mutual stimulation of these factors determines the search for new directions for the treatment of patients with CKD. The aim of the research was to study the state of systemic inflammation and malnutrition in CKD by assessing the level of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin and to study the effectiveness of therapy with levocarnitine and a solution of a mixture of ketanalogs of irreplaceable and substitute amino acids for parenteral administration in CKD. Results. The level of markers of inflammation IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and CRP progressively increased in parallel with the development of renal failure. The level of albuminemia decreased from the I to the V stage of the CKD, in which among patients with glomerular filtration rate 15 - 45 ml/(min · 1.17 m2) in 14% there was a malnutrition of a mild degree; whereas, at CKD of the V stage, malnutrition of a mild degree was in 16% of patients, moderate malnutrition was detected in 10% of the subjects, and 5% suffered from severe malnutrition. After standard therapy the least effect was observed. A more significant decrease in the level of proinflammatory cytokines and CRP was observed with the additional acquisition of levocarnitine. An even better effect was observed in the group of patients receiving Nefrotect. The most significant level of inflammation markers decrease was seen in the group receiving combined Nephrotect therapy with levocarnitine Nefrotect, where the concentration of proinflammatory interleukins decreased more than threefold compared with baseline. The level of albuminemia reached the highest level with combined therapy, compared with standard therapy. Conclusions. Nutritional status of patients with CKD decreases progressively in the fall of kidney function, reaching the level of mild malnutrition at CKD stage III and the severe degree of malnutrition at CKD stage V. With the progression of renal failure, activation of the systemic inflammation, in particular, the increase of the level of circulating in the blood of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and CRP was seen. The efficacy of treatment of systemic inflammation and protein-energy insufficiency by levocarnitine and a solution of a mixture of ketonalogs ofirreplaceable and substitute aminoacids in the cohort of patients with CKD of the І-V stages is proved. This combined therapy significantly lowered the level of interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and CRP, as well as elevated serum albumin levels in patients with CKD.
Late diagnosis of Fabry Disease in hemodialysis patient
Authors: Fomina S. , Ovska O.
Published: July 2019

The Fabry Disease in young white man with End Stage Renal Disease was reported. Diagnosis was detected at stage of hemodialysis treatment despite sings which admitted as clinical criteria were found at childhood but did not identify during 20 years due limited awareness of medical community about lysosomal disorders.
Metabolism oxalic acid: failure causes and consequences of molecular-biochemical factors for the formation of oxalate-induced diseases
Authors: Korol L. V. , Vasylchenko V. S.
Published: July 2019

Mechanisms mediating oxalate-induced alterations in renal have attracted the attention of scientists in recent years.Various mechanisms have been proposed to explain crystal retention. The present review assesses the biochemical mechanisms of oxalate-induced alterations and diagnostically significant markers of organ damage caused by oxalate. The article focuses on the modern data of molecular-biochemical aspects of the formation of oxalate-induced diseases.
L’innovation sociale sur les territoires
Authors: Younes Dima , Jacob Marie-Rachel , Marti Ignasi
Published: July 2019

L’innovation sociale au sein des populations fragilisées dans l’économie globalisée pose un problème théorique dans le cadre néo-institutionnaliste car la création de solutions nouvelles aux problèmes sociaux nécessite d’avoir la capacité de remettre en cause l’ordre établi. L’étude du cas de l’intervention de missionnaires catholiques dans un quartier défavorisé en Argentine montre comment les habitants deviennent une communauté capable d’innovations sociales grâce aux principes de l’autogestion apportés par les missionnaires. Ce résultat contribue à la fois à la littérature sur les communautés et sur l’innovation sociale dans le contexte des grands challenges.
Studying Changes of the Effective Radius in Blood Vessels after Exposure of Low Extremities to Periodical Mechanical Vibrations
Authors: Nahirniak V , Kusniak N , Kashperuk-Karpiuk I , Andrushchak L , Protsak T , Pentelejchuk N
Published: July 2019

Background: Previous studies demonstrated a health improving effect in patients underwent an automatic vibratory massage taking 10 minutes. One of reasons that may explain a healing effect of the automatic massage is a stimulated increase in both blood circulation through vascular system and effective size of blood vessels.Objective: This paper aims to quantify a contribution of the automatic mechanical massage of low extremities into the observed reduction in arterial blood pressure and explain this effect.Material and Methods: In this study, the low extremities of male and female patients were exposed to low frequency (12 Hz) mechanical vibrations for 10 minutes and the change in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures before and after this procedure was measured.Results: The experiments showed there is a reduction in systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures after vibrational massage. There were corresponding 3.5±1.8 mmHg and 3.1±1.6 mm Hg arterial blood pressure reductions among men and 5.5±3.2 mm Hg and 2.2±1.2 mm Hg reductions among women.Conclusion: We explained this effect by increasing effective radius of blood vessels. Based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation, we made estimates for the relative change in the effective radius of blood vessels. They gave the 0.7% and 1.3% increases in the effective radius of blood vessels in low extremities in men during systole and diastole, respectively, and the corresponding 1.1% and 0.6% increases in the effective radius of blood vessels of low extremities in women during the same periods.
PROSPECTIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER TRITICALE WHEN CULTIVATING IT FOR FORAGES IN THE PRIMORSK TERRITORY
Authors: Voloshina T. A.
Published: July 2019

The paper highlights the results of agroecological experiments on 11 varieties of winter triticale. The experiments were conducted in the steppe climate zone of thePrimorskTerritoryin 2017-2018. The research aims at identifying the best varieties of fodder and grain forage, which are characterized by high productivity of green mass and grain with valuable economic features. Extreme weather conditions observed during the research period contributed to exploration of the crop response to bad environmental factors. Winter triticale winterhardiness was 0.3-2.1 points on average for varieties. The green mass decreased by 69% due to freezing. The researchers observed the highest prospective green mass yield (28.6-35.7 t/ha) in the following varieties: Tyumenskaya zernokormovaya, Zimogor, Kornet, which significantly exceeded the winter rye Spasskaya mestnaya productivity by 6.3-13.4 t/ha. The crop yield of these varieties was stable and changed insignificantly by 2.6-3.4 t/ha. The experiment revealed Agraf and Tornado varieties that contributed to the highest yield of digestible protein - 5.9 c/ha and available energy - 69.3-66.7 GJ/ha, exceeding the indicators of winter rye by 2 c/ha and 16.6-19.2 GJ/ ha. The authors claim the prospective variety is Tyumenskaya zernokormovaya, which had the highest yield of dry substance and available energy - 7.5 t / ha and 85.5 GJ / ha. These parameters were higher than those of the standard grain and productivity was by 0.5 tons / ha higher. This variety can compete with winter rye for fodder purposes. The winter triticale is a crop for risky cultivation in this climate zone. It can grow in the areas with high snow cover.
PECULIARITIES OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE ORAL MUCOSA FLAPS DURING REST AND STRETCHING
Authors: Kaplun D.V. , Avetikov D.S.
Published: July 2019

In modern dental practice, there is a tendency towards correction of secondary adentia by using bone augmentation and dental implant placement. One of the main types of postoperative complications is the bone augmentation exposure and its infection as a result of ischemic processes in the mucous flap, which covers the augmentation, resulting from its overstretching. This study was aimed at improving the efficiency of flap operations and bone augmentation in patients with secondary adentia and reducing the risk of postoperative complications caused by ischemic changes in mucous flaps due to their overstretching, identifying features of the morphological structure of mucous flaps at rest and stretching. We conducted an investigation of mucosa flap microslides of 40 laboratory rabbits taken from the lower alveolar bone. The preparations were stained according to Van Gieson's technique with haematoxylin and eosin at low magnifications of the light microscope. The structural features of the mucous membrane of the upper and lower alveolar processes after stretching within 5% revealed minimal, slightly differed from the intact mucosa of the corresponding anatomical region. Thus, in the epithelium, the basal, intermediate, and superficial layers were located one above the other; their structural organization was mainly the same as in the intact animals. Our studies have shown that the morphological structure of the mucous membrane of the gums of laboratory rabbits is similar to the structure of human gums. The data obtained suggests that stretching of the gingival mucosa flaps when performing flap operations in the oral cavity within 5% of the initial length is morphologically substantiated and can cause no complications.
MODERN APPROACH TOWARDS THE TREATMENT OF COMORBID PATHOLOGY
Authors: Zhdan V.N. , Khaіmenova H.S. , Babanina M. Yu. , Volchenko G.V. , Ivanitsky I.V.
Published: July 2019

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, poly-etiological disease of the joints, the occurrence and development of which is associated with a number of genetic, endogenous (hormonal balance, immune disorders, oxidative stress) and exogenous factors (trauma, overload). The combination of metabolic syndrome (MS) and OA is one of the most pressing medical and social issues for healthcare today. This is due to both their extremely high prevalence and high comorbidity with other conditions and diseases that have a significant impact on the quality of life of patients. The aim of our work was to study the pleurotropic effect of rosuvastatin on the pain intense and disease intensity in the course of OA in patients with comorbid MS, as well as its effect on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), level of anthropometric indicators and lipidogram indicators. 30 patients were examined for OA and MS. Patients were divided into two age-matched groups. Rosuvastatin was prescribed to group I (n = 15) in a dose of 20 mg once a day for 12 days. The criteria for assessing the therapy efficacy included pain severity, articular and anthropometric parameters, laboratory and instrumental parameters, the level of quality of life. Patients were examined twice: before the therapy and on the day 12 of the therapy. It has been established that the rozuvastatin prescribed for this category of patients can reduce pain, improve joint function, lower the intensity of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients. In addition, rozustastatin does not affect the level of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and can be prescribed for patients with concomitant arterial hypertension.
PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES OF PNEUMOPATHIES AND THEIR COMPLICATIONS IN PRETERM NEWBORNS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
Authors: Sidorenko M.I. , Sovgirya S.M. , Babenko V.I. , Proskurnya S.A. , Vinnik N.I.
Published: July 2019

The article presents current data on mortality rate of premature newborns due to respiratory distress syndrome in the Poltava region based on the analysis of post-mortem protocols and archival sectional materials of the Poltava regional pathology bureau for 2014-2018. Recently, the perinatal mortality rate of preterm infants has decreased significantly owing to the latest methods of resuscitation and intensive care, organization of regional perinatal care network in Ukraine, modern substitution therapy with surfactants, and effective newborn care programs. But at the same time, the share of extremely premature newborns to the total number of newborns has significantly grown. The purpose of this research was to determine the occurrence rate of the RDS syndrome among the total number of preterm infants in Poltava region for 2014-2018, to investigate the structure and pathomorphological changes in the lungs of dead premature newborns with different forms of pneumopathy, to identify the most common complications of this pathology depending on the gestational age, sex and body weight at birth. It has been found out that among children who died in the first year of life, premature infants constitute 66.3%, of whom 20.5% are infants with respiratory distress syndrome. There have been identified some features of pathological changes that involve the simultaneous formation of atelectasis and "hyaline membranes" in the alveoli (53.2% of cases), isolated massive atelectasіs in the lung tissue was detected in 46.8% of cases. 75% of pneumopathies were complicate by hemorrhagic syndrome, which manifests in the form of massive bilateral intraventricular hemorrhages and haemorrhages into internal organs. A significant percentage of premature babies (38.2%) survived only for 2 to 5 days since the birth; slightly fewer percentages of premature neonates (35.2%) survived from 20 minutes to 1 day. The study shows that health of premature newborns is a challenge for the public health care system; the significant share of all perinatal deaths is caused by respiratory distress syndrome, one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
MORPHOLOGICAL GROUNDS FOR PLASTIC SURGERY IN THE MASTOID AREA
Authors: Steblоvskyi D.V. , Bondarenko V.V , Popovych I.Y.
Published: July 2019

This article presents the data on the structural peculiarities of the mastoid region, the dependency between the thickness of the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat, and size of the structural elements of the skin at various stages of its deformation that allows us to determine the digital indices for the depth of skin peeling and skin amount dissected when planning plastic and reconstructive operations skin that is carved. In order to achieve the optimal result of plastic operations, and, in particularly, of cosmetic otoplasty and lower rhytidectomy, and to minimize the development of postoperative complications, the manual skills of the surgeon are not sufficient. It is essential to know exactly morphofunctional characteristics of layered structure of certain topographic and anatomical sites, especially within mastoid area, where the main incisions are made when performing on the above-mentioned surgical interventions. After stretching the test samples of the skin taken from the mastoid region within 5 mm, we observed subtle differences between them even in the state of physiological rest. The study of the structure of the skin-fat flap samples after stretching within 15 mm demonstrated the occurrence of pathological processes in the skin epithelium and dermis. The morphological picture indicated the development of balloon dystrophy that is known as the morphological equivalent of focal necrosis. Investigation of microslides of the skin taken from and exposed to stretching within 20 mm made it possible to reveal the intensification of the previously described changes and the development of qualitatively new pathological changes both in the epidermis and in the dermis. The results obtained enable us to conclude that during operations in the mastoid area, the biomechanical properties of the skin-fat flaps should be taken into account. When the skin was stretched within 5 – 10 mm, irreversible changes did not occur, and these are optimal indicators during surgical interventions. With a flap deformation within 15-20 mm, pathological changes were observed, in some cases they were classified as irreversible that led to necrosis in the postoperative period.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROVASCULAR BED IN WELL-DIFFERENTIATED SQUAMOUS CELL LUNG CANCER
Authors: Filenko B.М.
Published: July 2019

Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and is still the leading cause of death among men and the second leading cause of death among women with cancer. Numerous studies have established that the metastatic potential of cancer cells depends not only on the proliferative activity of cells and intensity of inter-cellular interaction, but on the microenvironment of the tumor and the structure of the vascular wall. The purpose of this paper was to study the characteristics of the structure of the microvascular bed in well- differentiated squamous cell lung carcinoma. The material investigated was obtained from 50 patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma with keratinisation of stages I-IIIA at Poltava Regional Morbid Anatomy Bureau. Histological specimens were made according to standard technique with haematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical study was performed to determine the expression of the CD34 and α-SMA monoclonal antibodies. The vessels of the microcirculatory bed were represented mainly by capillaries with a lumen diameter over 10 microns. The increase in the diameter of the blood vessels is not accompanied by their remodelling, and they become sinusoidal by their structure. Some vessels demonstrate reactive changes manifested by thrombosis. It has been established that well-differentiated squamous cell lung cancer is characterized by the irregular number of vessels in different sites of a tumor and by the presence of vessels of sinusoidal type. Sinusoidal vessels with unformed wall that closely adhere to the cancerous complexes can promote remote metastases. Taken into consideration the characteristics of the structure of the vascular wall it has been found out that the CD34 marker is of more informative value in investigating the stromal and vascular component of the tumor.
CYTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CELLULAR COMPOSITION OF GINGIVAL MUCOSA IN SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN
Authors: Sheshukova O.V. , Bauman S.S. , Yeroshenko H.A.
Published: July 2019

Relevance of research. Morphological study is one of the precise methods to identify pathology in the early stages. Until present, no reports on cellular composition of the gingival mucosa in children by using cytological method have been carried out. The aim of the work was to establish the characteristics of the cellular composition of the gingival mucosa of school-age children in normal conditions. Material and methods. Cytological examination included 150 children aged 6, 12 and 15, living in Poltava, who had no clinical signs of oral diseases. Smears were obtained by scraping from the gingival mucosa and stained by May-Grunwald. Results and discussion. The results of cytolograms of the cellular composition of gingiva in school children have shown that superficial cells predominate. The largest number of them is determined in 6 year-old children. The process of physiological keratinisation in the epithelial plate of gingival mucosa in school-age children is diverse and keratinisation occurs both due to the phenomenon of physiological necrosis, i. e. apoptosis of superficial cells, and due to orthokeratosis manifested by epithelial cells in the cytoplasm of eosinophilic granules with the subsequent formation of horny scales. This type of keratinisation is the leading one along with the destruction of mitochondria and a decrease in the number of enzymes in the horny scales. From the age of 6, the average number of surface cells in the cytograms decreases, while the intermediate and horny scales increase to 12 years and remains constant in 15 year-old children.
INVESTIGATIIONT OF CONIC FLOW POINT IN ADHESIVE SYSTEMS BY USING HEPPLER CONSISTOMETER
Authors: Brailko N.M.
Published: July 2019

When restoring wedge-shaped tooth defects, the adhesive system, and in particular, its microhardness provided by an inorganic filler plays a significant role in withstanding the masticatory load. The conic flow point is a measure for the microhardness of spatially-stitched polymer matrices and depends on the nature, structure, density of the polymer chains. The purpose of this work is to compare the properties of analogues: the Conic Flow Point of 5th DC Adhesive NF Adhesive Systems (Dental Central) and the 7th Single Bond (3M ESPE) by using Heppler consistometer under laboratory conditions.

The study was carried out on adhesive plates manufactured directly in the laboratory before testing. The samples were divided into two groups depending on the adhesive system used: 10 samples of 5 generations (DC Adhesive NF, Dental Center) and 10 samples of 7 generations (Single bond Universal 3M ESPE). To obtain specimens of adhesive systems of 3.0 ± 0.2 mm high, a metallic mould covered with silicone was used. On the back side of the mould we put a sheet of lavsan film, turned the mould upside-down, then put the adhesive into the mould and covered with lavsan film. Then this sample was irradiated with a photopolymerizer for 40 seconds. Without removing the film, the sample was turned over and its other side was irradiated for 40 seconds. Then we peel off the film and take out finished sample from the mould. Prior to testing, samples were kept in distilled water at a temperature of (37 ± 2) ºC for 24 hours.

According to relevant literature data and research data reported by 3M ESPE and Dental Central firms, no studies for assessing conic flow point by using Heppler consistometer for 5th and 7th generation adhesives were carried put under laboratory conditions. Out test results have demonstrated the regularity that the harder an adhesive is, the higher values of the conical flow point. That is, the adhesive can withstand a load that is positive for retorting cervical defects.

Thus, the restoration of wedge-shaped defects requires a competent and differentiated approach to the choice of adhesive system in order to obtain positive results and to avert spreading of pathological process that ensured the treatment efficacy. The use of 5th generation AD Adhesive NF promotes the formation of a complete hybrid layer, firm bonding between composite material, dentin and enamel, provides effective sealing at the edge of filling margins with dental tissues and their resistance due to adhesive ductility: all this guarantees the durability of the restorations performed.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MEASLES IN GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICE
Authors: Bublii T.D. , Dubovaya L.I.
Published: July 2019

Despite of general tendency towards the decrease in the incidence of measles and rubella in recent years, there have been registered several outbreaks of these infections among young adults and adolescents at present. This case report describes a clinical case of measles suspected at the dental examination. The aim of this study is to make a clinical diagnosis of the patient and to draw attention of the dental professional and general physicians to the relevance of this problem. The prodromal phase of measles can be quite variable and mimic the clinical picture of other diseases, as it happened in our case, when the patient went to the dental office for symptoms of acute serous periodontitis.

Belsky — Filatov — Koplik’s spots are reported to usually appear in 37.7-64.3% of cases (at the beginning of the measles rash period). In 57.5% of cases there is spot enanthema on the soft palate mucosa. Our patient presented only signs of acute catarrhal stomatitis. We would like to emphasize that 100% of patients with measles have catarrhal syndrome manifested with moderate signs of nasopharyngitis (nasal congestion, sore throat, dry cough), and only 42.8% suffer from conjunctivitis. This makes it difficult to diagnose this disease in its early period or to make differential diagnosis in the prodromal phase. An infected person can transmit the virus within 4 days before and after the rash appears that is very dangerous for surrounding people and for healthcare workers in particular. When making a diagnosis, it is important to remember that measles is a clinical diagnosis, and there is no opportunity to carry out an indicative rapid diagnosis (as with the flu), therefore every doctor should consider the issue of timely vaccination, and promotes preventive and educational work among the population.
EPONYMOUS TERMS IN MORPHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF HUMAN SKULL
Authors: Hryn V. H. , Cherkun N. O. , Holovko O.
Published: July 2019

It is well known fact that in the domain of morphological sciences, e. g. human anatomy, clinical, topographical and pathological anatomy, histology, embryology, cytology, etc., eponymous terms are very common and have been being used for a long time. Eponymous terms are used to cover a wide variety of anatomical structures ranging from the most important to a less important in clinical practice. Eponyms in medical terminology in some cases result in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept and therefore, there seems to be reasonable to replace some eponymous terms with somewhat descriptive terms. This work was aimed at studying eponymous terms for human skull syndromes in anatomical terminology related to the human skull by reviewing relevant literature. The research methodology includes generally accepted scientific methods: dialectical, historical and chronological, bibliographical and descriptive ones. Nowadays, eponymous terms in the domain of human anatomy are an inseparable part of academic and didactic texts (monographs, students’ textbooks, research articles, etc.) and, as they are shorter than their non-eponymous variants, they may provide the texts with laconism. The eponyms studied are valuable in the reconstruction of the origin of a concept. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. The anatomical terms, which include names or surnames of researchers who were the first describe certain anatomical structures greatly contributes to a better understanding of the topographical and anatomical characteristics of an organ or a body area. The study of eponymous terms also contributes to the a stronger understanding of the evolution of clinical disciplines, to fostering critical thinking, as well as is a prerequisite for developing professional competence of medical students, their masterying the medical language.
SIMULATION IN MEDICAL EDUCATION: HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Delva I. I. , Lytvynenko N. V. , Delva M. Yu. , Pinchuk V. A. , Kryvchun A. M.
Published: July 2019

Simulation may be a useful tool to improve clinical skills during the professional medical training. In this work we consider simulation as artificial representation of a certain real-world system, process or situation used for professional training. This tool is designed to enhance clinical competence and to provide medical teaching in controlled and safe conditions without any risks for both patients and students. Using simulation teaching allows students to acquire occupational skills through making mistakes and learning from them without the fear of being distressed or distressing the patient before the first independent manipulations will have been done. Moreover, simulation aids are designed to provide accurate assessment of the quality of the manipulation performed. The aim of this article is to review the history and methodology of simulation teaching in medical education. The simulation as a teaching tool has been known in medicine since ancient times. Aviation and airspace industries have been using simulation-based training for many years and medical education has borrowed some approaches from them. In the sixties of the last century there was created a simulation system for cardiopulmonary resuscitation; in 1964 actors were invited to play roles of patients and soon, in 1968, a cardiologic patient simulator were created. During the last two decades of the XX century there were designed software and computerized systems that could imitate physiological reactions. At present, interactive virtual training programs are being extensively introduced into educational activity. In 2014 the first Ukrainian Training and Innovation Centre for Practical Medical Training was established. The effectiveness of simulation training has been confirmed by extensive use throughout the world for many years. Together with conventional time-tested methods, simulation is a powerful educational tool as it imitates real occupational tasks.
UKRAINIAN ACADEMIC TEXT IN DENTISTRY IN TERMS OF LINGUISTIC NORMS: GRAMMAR IMPERFECTIONS AND SOME PRACTICAL RECCOMENDATIONS
Authors: Zhovnir M.M. , Bondar N.V.
Published: July 2019

There are different types of discourses and each of them possesses its own particular tools and wars of their linguistic implementation. These phenomena are in the focus of close attention of linguists. The relevance of the chosen study is determined by the importance of high-rate spreading scientific dental knowledge. The effect of such exchange and the quality of the scientific text depends on language skills, basic grammatical norms and communicative qualities of scientific speech. Scientists, who deliberately and consciously have mastered the normative basis of the Ukrainian language, are able to formulate his opinion correctly. It is necessary to know and to use the basic grammatical norms for the correct presentation of scientific thoughts. The purpose of this article is to search for and analyze the frequency of grammatical mistakes recorded in fragments of different genres of scientific dentistry texts: original articles, abstracts, manuals, textbooks, monographs. General scientific methods (observation, comparison, generalization, synthesis, description) and linguistic methods (functional-stylistic, semantic-stylistic, discourse analysis, etc.) were used. In this work the emphasis is placed on the importance of common rules of effective using dictionaries, and the need for an analysis of scientific dental discourse in the normative aspect has been determined. We have pointed out that  the grammatical skills of doctors, their linguistic senses and skills to produce high-quality scientific texts are essential components of professional communicative competence. The article provides the details for correct use of verbal nouns and forms of active adjectives as based on our study these are the weak grammar point for young dental academic writers. The frequency of their representation in the analyzed analytical sources has been analyzed. In addition, we offer practical language recommendations that can be helpful for medical and dental professionals.
INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION IN A MEDICAL UNIVERSITY: PROPEDEUTICS OF INTERNAL DISEASES AND MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS.
Authors: Mykytіuk O.P. , Mykytіuk O. Yu.
Published: July 2019

This paper highlights the issues on interdisciplinary integration of the disciplines as the propedeutics of internal diseases and medical and biological physics studied by students of medical and dental faculties. It has been shown that the integration of these disciplines is the most pronounced when studying acoustic wave methods of investigation in the clinical practice; hydro- and hemodynamics and their role in diagnosing the cardiovascular diseases, and, in particular the rheological properties of blood, the hydraulic resistance of blood vessels. Considerable attention is paid to explaining the physical basics of electrocardiography. Acoustic wave investigation techniques in the clinical practice, percussion and auscultation first and foremost are very important test-timed techniques, especially when diagnosing the broncho-pulmonary system. While studying the propedeutics of internal diseases, students acquire concepts for applying the percussion and analysing the characteristic sounds heard: the principle of resonance, the percussion sphere. The medical students’ ability to understand the mechanisms of changes that occur in certain pathologies creates the basis for a deeper analysis of the dynamics of these processes. Students analyze the characteristics of sounds and noises of varying intensity, which are created by tissues of different density, by airless organs in response to the amplification of percussion sounds. When studying the auscultation technique, the students acquire knowledge and skills to differentiate sounds, tones and noises produced by the functioning of internal organs. The section of medical and biological physics devoted to hydro- and hemodynamics is important for stronger understanding the blood circulation through the cardiovascular system in the human body and for diagnosing and treating diseases of this system. Students will learn about the causes of turbulent flow, functional and organic noise in the heart area and their connection with the phases of cardiac activity. The article has also demonstrated the integration of the physical fundamentals of electrocardiography into practical medicine.
EXPERIENCE OF IMITATION METHODS IN TEACHING PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY
Authors: Oktysiuk Y.V. , Atamanchuk O.V.
Published: July 2019

Global changes in all spheres of human life require medical education to form students' conscious attitude towards their own lives, mental and physical development, education, and further medical career. Practical classes are a type of teaching within a variety of teaching and learning approaches providing the close interaction and cooperation between the students and tutors and posing real-life tasks. It is at practical classes when the tutors or mentors can and should conduct a controlled evolving of concepts and development of skills. Making a collective decision and discussing clinical problems is one of the forms of interactive education that enables future doctors to learn how to express their thoughts correctly, how to clearly substantiate decisions. Unlike the traditional classes, this form gives the students an opportunity to check up themselves, to make decisions based on the main principles of the diagnosis and treatment of various nosological forms. The article presents an experience of fostering professional competencies in the 5th year students of the Faculty of Dentistry by applying a case study, an interactive teaching method (case-study method) during the course of paediatric therapeutic dentistry at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. This technique contributes to strengthening the generation of students’ knowledge and its shaping through independent activities and collective discussion; it also boosts students’ intellectual skills, creating and critical thinking. As for the tutors and mentors, this type of teaching form is an effective way to get feedback and contributes to the ability to effectively correct the ways to shape knowledge, and to organize consultancy assistance to students. The combination of interactive methods and other methods of knowledge, skills and competence building and the active independent work of students, the creation of the system and algorithm for implementing these methods, perfect mastery of their mentors and partnership, mutual respect between the teachers and students is a guarantee of the training of a highly competent specialist.
ON THE THRESHOLD OF VIRTUAL ANATOMY
Authors: Sovhyria S.N.
Published: July 2019

The lack of a sufficient amount of anatomical material in Ukrainian medical universities has led to the fact that medical students have to work with the bodies of long-dead people whose condition is of a low educational value. Therefore, animal organs are becoming increasingly important in teaching anatomical disciplines. For example, when studying the eyeball at the department of human anatomy, a bull's eye is used; organs of pigs and rats (larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart, etc.) are used for the purpose of comparative anatomy. Working with the heart of animals, students can learn to suture wounds of the heart using various surgical techniques, perform mitral commissurotomy. To put various types of liver sutures and to perform on liver resection at practical classes, pork or beef liver can be successfully used. Isolated stomach and intestines are indispensable for developing skills of surgical interventions on the hollow organs of the gastrointestinal tract. When studying a human skeleton, it is very helpful to use mock-ups that were obtained using a 3D printer that arouses the interest of students and increases the effectiveness of practical training. In the absence of anatomical material, medical students use the latest computer technology that allows them to study the human body in three dimensions. However, technical means make it possible to obtain only visual information, ignoring the volumetric and spatial characteristics of the objects under study that is their considerable drawback.
THE ROLE OF PPAR IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PSORIASIS AND OBESITY
Authors: Yemchenko Ya.
Published: July 2019

Psoriasis is one of the most common chronic recurrent multifactorial diseases of the skin with a predominance of genetic predisposition. The disease is characterized by hyperproliferation of epidermal cells, impairment of the keratinisation against the background of inflammatory reactions in the dermal layer, the nails, joints and scalp involvement. According to the results of clinical and epidemiological research, about 3-4% of the population of our planet has psoriasis, regardless of sex, age and ethnic group, while the share of this pathology in the overall structure of skin diseases reaches from 1% - to 40%, according to some reports. However, despite the wide prevalence of psoriasis and a huge number of works on this issue, there is still no shared view on the pathogenesis of this dermatosis. The data presented by many clinical studies show that there has been a recent increase in cases of comorbidity of psoriasis and obesity, leading to severe, atypical, disabling and resistant to the treatment forms of dermatosis. All this considerably impairs the quality of life of patients with psoriasis, reduces their working capacity and social activity that lays emphasis on not only the medical but also the social significance of the problem. Immunological disorders and genetic defects have been proven as the causes of psoriasis and abdominal obesity. The distinctive feature of the pathogenesis in the patients having comorbidity of psoriasis and obesity, in contrast to the patients without excessive body weight, is a statistically significant increase in hyperleptinomia and in systemic cytokine proinflammatory potential. Therefore, the vision for the future research is in-depth study of the pathogenesis of comorbid disease in patients with psoriasis that will contribute to reveal new targets for the treatment of this dermatosis.
PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF ACUTE SEVERE PANCREATITIS COMPLICATED WITH ASCITES AND PERITONITIS
Authors: Kasian V.V.
Published: July 2019

Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system that often requires urgent admission to the hospital. Ascites and peritonitis in acute severe pancreatitis is a rather common complication of the early period of the disease. The evacuation of fluid rich in potentially toxic mediators from the abdominal cavity is advocated in a number of reports as an efficient measure to alleviate the burden of disease for patients in emergency condition. The purpose of the work was to analyze the effect of enzymatic ascites and peritonitis and drainage interventions performed on the course of acute pancreatitis. The study was based on the analysis of 44 case histories of inpatients with acute pancreatitis complicated with ascites and peritonitis who took the course of treatment at the surgical department of the M.V. Sklifosovsky Poltava Regional Clinical Hospital for 2013 – 2017. The patients were divided into two groups: the first group included individuals who were performed on surgical interventions for enzymatic ascites and peritonitis in the early period of the disease; the second group included he patients who only had a comprehensive conservative treatment according to the protocols for the treatment of acute pancreatitis. The obtained results confirm that resolving enzymatic ascites enables to avoid mortality in the early period of the disease associated with the increase of organ and multiorgan failure in patients with severe and extremely severe course of acute pancreatitis, and in some cases contributes to regression of the disease. Once the damage is in progression, to some extent it can provoke a more severe course of post-operative drainage due to the number of factors as a surgical trauma, or drainage as an entrance gate for infection.