bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dual-Channel Colloidal Gold-Based Immunochromatographic Test Strip for Rapidly Differentiating Between Two Major Groups of Paracidovorax citrulli
Authors: Sun Ling , Xing Yuanfei , Yang Xin , Tian Yanli , Zhang Wenyao , Zhang Chen , Fan Rui , Gong Weirong , Hu Jie , Shao Xiaolong , Qian Guoliang , Hu Baishi , Wang Limin
Published: February 2025

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) caused by Paracidovorax citrulli is a severe threat to melon, watermelon, and other cucurbit crop production worldwide. The long-term adaptation of the pathogen to environmental conditions has resulted in substantial genetic diversity. In this study, we used P. citrulli strains from two groups as immunogens to obtain antibodies that were used to generate A.C1 and A.C2 colloidal gold immunochromatographic single test strips, which specifically identified group I and group II P. citrulli strains, respectively. We combined the A.C1 and A.C2 single test strips in a dual-channel plastic cartridge to construct a dual-channel colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip able to distinguish between P. citrulli strains from two distinct groups. Test strip sensitivity reached 106 CFU/mL under ideal conditions. Moreover, it was relatively stable, with no cross-reactions with strains of closely related genera. The dual-channel test strip developed in this study may provide farmers with a useful tool for managing BFB through the prompt implementation of quarantine procedures in the field.
Rapid Mental Stress Evaluation Based on Non-Invasive, Wearable Cortisol Detection with the Self-Assembly of Nanomagnetic Beads
Authors: Li Junjie , Chen Qian , Li Weixia , Li Shuang , Tan Cherie S. , Ma Shuai , Hou Shike , Fan Bin , Chen Zetao
Published: February 2025

The rapid and timely evaluation of the mental health of emergency rescuers can effectively improve the quality of emergency rescues. However, biosensors for mental health evaluation are now facing challenges, such as the rapid and portable detection of multiple mental biomarkers. In this study, a non-invasive, flexible, wearable electrochemical biosensor was constructed based on the self-assembly of nanomagnetic beads for the rapid detection of cortisol in interstitial fluid (ISF) to assess the mental stress of emergency rescuers. Based on a one-step reduction, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were functionally modified on a screen-printed electrode to improve the detection of electrochemical properties. Afterwards, nanocomposites of MXene and multi-wall carbon nanotubes were coated onto the AuNPs layer through a physical deposition to enhance the electron transfer rate. The carboxylated nanomagnetic beads immobilized with a cortisol antibody were treated as sensing elements for the specific recognition of the mental stress marker, cortisol. With the rapid attraction of magnets to nanomagnetic beads, the sensing element can be rapidly replaced on the electrode uniformly, which can lead to extreme improvements in detection efficiency. The detected linear response to cortisol was 0–32 ng/mL. With the integrated reverse iontophoresis technique on a flexible printed circuit board, the ISF can be extracted non-invasively for wearable cortisol detection. The stimulating current was set to be under 1 mA for the extraction, which was within the safe and acceptable range for human bodies. Therefore, based on the positive correlation between cortisol concentration and mental stress, the mental stress of emergency rescuers can be evaluated, which will provide feedback on the psychological statuses of rescuers and effectively improve rescuer safety and rescue efficiency.
The Brain That Understands Diversity: A Pilot Study Focusing on the Triple Network
Authors: Otsuka Taiko , Kokubun Keisuke , Okamoto Maya , Yamakawa Yoshinori
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Interest in diversity is growing worldwide. Today, an understanding and social acceptance of diverse people is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between an individual’s gray matter volume (GMV), which is thought to reflect brain health, and their understanding of diversity (gender, sexuality (LGBTQ), and origin). Methods: GMV was determined as the value of the Gray Matter Brain Healthcare Quotient (GM-BHQ) based on MRI image analysis. Meanwhile, participants’ understanding and acceptance of diversity was calculated based on their answers to the psychological questions included in the World Values Survey Wave 7 (WVS7). Results: Our analysis indicated that, in the group of participants with the highest understanding of diversity (PHUD. n = 11), not only the GMV at the whole brain level (t = 2.587, p = 0.027, Cohen’s d = 0.780) but also the GMV of the central executive network (CEN: t = 2.700, p= 0.022, Cohen’s d = 0.814) and saliency network (SN: t = 3.100, p = 0.011, Cohen’s d = 0.935) were shown to be significantly higher than the theoretical value estimated from sex, age, and BMI at the 5% level. In addition, the GMV of the default mode network (DMN: t = 2.063, p = 0.066, Cohen’s d = 0.622) was also higher than the theoretical value at the 10% level. Meanwhile, in the group of others (n = 10), there was no significant difference from the theoretical value. These differences between PHUD and others were also observed when comparing the two with and without controlling for educational and occupational covariates at the 5% or 10% levels. Conclusions: These results suggest that understanding diversity requires a healthy brain, centered on three networks that govern rational judgment, emotion regulation, other-awareness, self-awareness, and the valuing of actions. This is the first study to show that brain structure is related to an understanding and acceptance of the diversity of people.
Mental Health and Lifestyle Factors Among Higher Education Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Simões de Almeida Raquel , Rodrigues Andreia , Tavares Sofia , Barreto João F. , Marques António , Trigueiro Maria João
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to describe the lifestyle factors and mental health levels among higher education students and identify their predictors. A cross-sectional study with a sample of 745 students was conducted with students from the Polytechnic of Porto using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE)-18, and FANTASTICO Lifestyle Questionnaire. The findings indicate that while students generally exhibited a positive lifestyle, they also experienced mild levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, nearing the moderate threshold. The DASS-21 Depression subscale was a significant predictor of both CORE-18 and FANTASTICO scores, underscoring the strong relationship between depression and overall well-being. Anxiety and stress were also predictors of CORE-18 scores, reflecting the negative impact of stress on students’ psychological well-being. Perceived health status and the male sex were associated with better outcomes on the DASS-21 and CORE-18, while the female sex predicted a healthier lifestyle, as measured by FANTASTICO. These findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions that address mental health and promote healthy lifestyle choices in educational settings.
Effect of Electronic Performance Monitoring on Employees’ Job Performance: A Social Information Processing Perspective
Authors: Zhang Na , Sun Xiang , Jin Chunhua
Published: February 2025

In the digital era, to enhance performance and achieve high-quality development, an increasing number of enterprises have begun to implement electronic performance monitoring. However, existing studies have yielded inconsistent conclusions regarding the impact of electronic performance monitoring on employees’ job performance. To clarify the overall relationship between these variables and explore the underlying causes of the discrepancies, this study, grounded in social information processing theory, examines the effects of two kinds of electronic performance monitoring (e.g., developmental and preventive) on employees’ job performance, as well as the mediating role of self-efficacy. On the basis of data collected at two time points from 223 employees in China, we test the mediation models. The findings indicate that both developmental and preventive electronic performance monitoring positively affect employees’ job performance, with self-efficacy serving as a partial mediator in this relationship. This study offers practical management strategies and establishes a foundation for the effective implementation of electronic performance monitoring in enterprises aimed at enhancing employees’ self-efficacy and job performance.
Self-Regulation, Emotional Symptomatology, Substance Use, and Social Network Addiction in Adolescent Self-Harm
Authors: López-Martínez Luis Fernando , Carretero Eva M. , Carrasco Miguel A. , Pérez-García Ana M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Non-suicidal self-injurious behaviour (NSSI) is a growing concern in the field of adolescent mental health. It is thus crucial to examine the factors associated with this behaviour. Methods: A sample of 354 adolescents (51.7% boys), with a mean age of 15.01 years (ranging from 12 to 20 years), was analysed to explore the relationships between NSSI and self-regulation strategies, substance use, dependence on social networks, and symptomatology. Results: The results indicate that adolescents who engage in NSSI employ fewer adaptive emotional self-regulation strategies and exhibit more self-blame and rumination than those who do not engage in NSSI. Additionally, these adolescents show greater psychological symptomatology, more dependence on social networks, and increased substance use. Gender is also an important factor, with more girls (62.8%) than boys (37.2%) engaging in self-harm. Regression analyses show that self-harm is associated with greater symptomatology and increased substance use for boys and girls alike. For girls, self-harm is also associated with maladaptive self-regulation strategies. The variables chosen for analysis allowed us to correctly classify 89.5% of the boys who did not self-harm and 72.8% of the girls who did. Conclusions: This study offers insight into the relationships among self-regulation, digital addiction, substance use, emotional symptomatology, and NSSI in adolescents, highlighting the importance of gender.
The Effect of Considering Future Consequences on College Students’ Perceptions of Stress in Relation to Resilience and Sense of Meaning in Life
Authors: Wang Nanbo , Xu Ge , Zhou Song , Jiang Lixia , Guan Qingli , Leng Man
Published: February 2025

The present study examines the moderated mediation model of resilience and meaning in life (MIL) within the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) framework. A sample of 971 Chinese college students (mean age = 19.95; 69.5% female) completed measures of consideration of future consequences (CFCs), resilience, MIL, and perceived stress. The results supported the hypothesized model: CFCs negatively predicted perceived stress, and this relationship was partially mediated by resilience. MIL moderated the association between CFCs and perceived stress, with the search for meaning subdimension amplifying the negative relationship. In contrast, the presence of meaning did not exhibit a significant moderating effect. High levels of CFCs were significantly linked to lower perceived stress when the level of search for meaning was high. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay of cognitive and motivational factors in stress management, underscoring the potential of fostering resilience and meaning-seeking behaviors to promote well-being among college students.
Assessment of Floor-Level Impact on Natural Ventilation and Indoor Thermal Environment in Hot–Humid Climates: A Case Study of a Mid-Rise Educational Building
Authors: Mba Emeka J. , Oforji Peter I. , Okeke Francis O. , Ozigbo Ikechukwu W. , Onyia Chinyelu D. F. , Ozigbo Chinelo A. , Ezema Emmanuel C. , Awe Foluso C. , Nnaemeka-Okeke Rosemary C. , Onyia Stephanie C.
Published: February 2025

The rapid urbanization of developing cities has intensified the challenge of maintaining thermal comfort in buildings, particularly in hot–humid climates. This study investigates the impact of floor level on airflow patterns and indoor temperatures in multi-purpose mid-rise buildings in Onitsha, Nigeria, where increasing urban density and frequent power outages necessitate effective passive cooling strategies. Through a mixed-method approach combining empirical measurements, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, and thermal performance analysis, the research examined variations in ventilation rates and temperature distributions across different floor levels of a six-story educational building over an annual cycle, focusing on the hottest (27 February), coldest (28 December), most windy (3 April), and least windy (17 September) days. Results revealed distinct floor-level ventilation patterns: upper floors (fourth–fifth) achieved 39–40 air changes per hour (ACH) during hot periods while maintaining temperatures of 30–35 degrees Celsius (°C); middle floors (second–third) showed moderate ventilation (15–22 ACH) but experienced heat accumulation (35–42 °C); and lower floors reached 20 ACH during windy conditions. Temperature stratification varied from 15 °C between floors across the entire building during peak conditions to 7 °C during windy periods. Stack-driven ventilation in upper floors contributed to temperature reductions of up to 3 °C, while wind-driven ventilation promoted uniform temperature distribution across all levels. These findings informed floor-specific design recommendations: hybrid ventilation systems with automated controls, strategic architectural features including a minimum floor level area of 15% for the central atrium, and comprehensive monitoring systems with six temperature sensors per floor. This study provides evidence-based strategies for optimizing thermal comfort in tropical urban environments, particularly valuable for designing energy-efficient buildings in rapidly developing cities with hot-humid climates.
Multivariate Analysis of Factors Influencing Construction Costs in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mosly Ibrahim
Published: February 2025

Cost overruns present a continuing challenge within the construction industry worldwide, carrying substantial financial consequences for project stakeholders, specifically in developing economies such as Saudi Arabia. This study employs a dual-method approach combining Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to comprehensively analyze the factors influencing construction cost during the construction phase in Saudi Arabia. Utilizing survey data collected from 1076 engineers working in the construction industry of Saudi Arabia, PCA identified three key components: (1) project management and technical deficiencies, (2) external and regulatory influences, and (3) financial and economic risks. Meanwhile, the ANOVA examined differences in the perception of those factors across several demographics and project-specific characteristics. Findings highlight critical areas where focused intervention could improve cost management practices. Combining these results, this study presents an integrated framework for construction industry stakeholders with helpful recommendations. This integrated analysis provides a robust framework for construction professionals and policymakers to prioritize cost management strategies, in accordance with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals to encourage a resilient and efficient construction industry.
Existing Buildings Recognition and BIM Generation Based on Multi-Plane Segmentation and Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Dejiang , Liu Jinzheng , Jiang Haili , Liu Panpan , Jiang Quanming
Published: February 2025

Point cloud-based BIM reconstruction is an effective approach to enabling the digital documentation of existing buildings. However, current methods often demand substantial time and expertise for the manual measurement of building dimensions and the drafting of BIMs. This paper proposes an automated approach to BIM modeling of the external surfaces of existing buildings, aiming to streamline the labor-intensive and time-consuming processes of manual measurement and drafting. Initially, multi-angle images of the building are captured using drones, and the building’s point cloud is reconstructed using 3D reconstruction software. Next, a multi-plane segmentation technique based on the RANSAC algorithm is applied, facilitating the efficient extraction of key features of exterior walls and planar roofs. The orthophotos of the building façades are generated by projecting wall point clouds onto a 2D plane. A lightweight convolutional encoder–decoder model is utilized for the semantic segmentation of windows and doors on the façade, enabling the precise extraction of window and door features and the automated generation of AutoCAD elevation drawings. Finally, the extracted features and segmented data are integrated to generate the BIM. The case study results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits a stable error distribution, with model accuracy exceeding architectural industry requirements, successfully achieving reliable BIM reconstruction. However, this method currently faces limitations in dealing with buildings with complex curved walls and irregular roof structures or dense vegetation obstacles.
Material Experimentation in the Architectural Design Studio: An Experimental Pedagogical Model for Incorporating Craft Mediums into Studio Education
Authors: Küçük İrem
Published: February 2025

The architectural design studio, with its dynamic and expanding scope, challenges traditional academic boundaries and bridges academia and practice by providing an integrated structure. A pedagogy based on experimentation transforms the studio into a laboratory where research and design merge, exploiting the unpredictable benefits of hands-on experience. Accordingly, this study explores experimental pedagogical fictions and tools aimed at integrating material experimentation into studio education, expanding its scope to encompass various craft mediums. It adopts a descriptive and exploratory qualitative methodology, combining theoretical and practice-based methods. It takes atelierz, a vertical architectural design studio, as a case study. Firstly, drawing on Gilles Deleuze’s philosophy of creative experimentation, a philosophical interpretation of the pedagogical fiction of the studio is made on contexts, tools, and actors. Secondly, focusing on the experimental possibilities offered by tools of installations and prototypes, and analyzing their pedagogical use in the architectural studio, the thematic frames of materials, methods and tools, interdisciplinary connections, engagement modalities, and field of discovery are used to evaluate material experimentation. Based on two semesters of atelierz’s visual and physical outputs and process documentation, the findings demonstrate the impact of installations and prototypes on understanding, designing, and applying materials, developing technical skills, transforming non-disciplinary knowledge, mediating exploration, and structuring specialized field of inquiry. This research highlights the pedagogical value of material experimentation and contributes to architectural education by providing knowledge and experience of the studio fictions developed, the pedagogical tools employed within these fictions, and their use for material experimentation.
General NILM Methodology for Algorithm Parametrization, Optimization and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Maier Matthias , Schramm Simon
Published: February 2025

The research area of NILM exhibits a high heterogeneity regarding approaches and characteristics, especially in terms of the applied algorithms, measurement data, quantities, and features used, as well as congruent appliance event and state definitions. Therefore, performance evaluation and the establishment of comparability is not straightforward. The aim of the presented work was to address these challenges through the development of an application-oriented, general methodology for the parametrization, optimization, and performance evaluation of existing NILM algorithms. The methodology is based on the general NILM framework and applicable to a wide range of NILM approaches and measurement data. Temporary, individual appliance measurements are utilized to build an extended appliance database and for providing a reliable ground truth for common performance evaluation metrics. Therefore, a congruent event and state definition was also formulated. The application of the methodology focused on event-based NILM algorithms and the measurement data of a commercial building and for one significant appliance, in relation to the total energy demand of the building. The methodology proved to be suitable for the intended purpose. Two different event-detection algorithms could be optimized regarding their input parameters, to identify the optimal operation behavior for the appliance.
Phenolic Acid Decarboxylase for Carbon Dioxide Fixation: Mining, Biochemical Characterization, and Regioselective Enzymatic β-carboxylation of para-hydroxystyrene Derivatives
Authors: Chen Jie , Wang Shirong , Zhou Junru , Xu Jiaxing , Wu Bin , Gao Zhen , He Bingfang
Published: February 2025

The use of CO2 as a C1 carbon source for the synthesis of valuable chemicals through biotechnology methods represents an effective strategy to fix carbon dioxide. Phenolic acid decarboxylases possess the capability to introduce a carboxyl group into para-hydroxystyrenes for the regionally selective synthesis of (E)-para-hydroxycinnamic acids, utilizing bicarbonate as a CO2 source. It is difficult to achieve this reaction with traditional chemical methods, and only a few enzymes have been isolated and characterized. Here, we mined which low amino acid sequence shared its identity with those of related decarboxylases and which heterologously expressed phenolic acid decarboxylase PAD_Cs from Clostridium sp. DSM 8431 in E. coli. The recombinant PAD_Cs displayed maximum activity at 50 °C, and pH 5.0. PAD_Cs showed distinct carboxylation ability. The carboxylated substrates have a wide range of substitution modes on aromatic systems, including alkyl and alkoxy groups as well as halogens. Furthermore, the carboxylation conversion rates were impressive: para-hydroxystyrene exceeded 20% and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol surpassed 26%. This study indicated that PAD_Cs might serve as a potential enzyme source in biotechnological CO2 fixation.
Sunlight-Driven Synthesis of TiO2/(MA)2SnCl4 Nanocomposite Films for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Kaiba Abdellah , Alansi Amani M. , Oubelkacem Ali , Chabri Ilyas , Hameed Salah T. , Afzal Naveed , Rafique Mohsin , Qahtan Talal F.
Published: February 2025

In this study, a TiO2/(MA)2SnCl4 nanocomposite film was synthesized using a sustainable, sunlight-driven approach, demonstrating enhanced photocatalytic performance for environmental remediation. TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) were dispersed in ethanol and mixed with a methylammonium (MA) and SnCl2 precursor solution, followed by drop-casting onto a glass substrate and exposure to direct sunlight for 2 h. Sunlight served as an energy source, facilitating in situ structural modifications and leading to the formation of a well-integrated TiO2/(MA)2SnCl4 hybrid structure, where TiO2 was effectively encapsulated. Characterization revealed a band gap reduction from 3.1 eV (TiO2-NPs) to 2.6 eV in the nanocomposite, extending light absorption into the visible range. The formation of Sn–O–Ti interactions enhanced charge separation, minimized electron–hole recombination, and improved charge carrier dynamics. Photocatalytic degradation tests using methylene blue (MB) under sunlight showed that the nanocomposite film achieved 90% MB degradation within 60 min, outperforming TiO2-NPs, which achieved only 75% degradation. The presence of oxygen vacancies (OVs) generated during sunlight exposure further enhanced photocatalytic efficiency by acting as charge traps and reaction sites. This study introduces a green synthesis strategy leveraging sunlight as a renewable energy source, marking the first integration of (MA)2SnCl4 with TiO2-NPs for enhanced photocatalysis. The synergistic effects of extended visible-light absorption, defect engineering, and efficient charge separation make TiO2/(MA)2SnCl4 nanocomposite films a scalable, cost-effective solution for water purification applications, offering a promising solar-driven approach to addressing global water contamination challenges.
Factors Associated with Mental Health Problems Among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospitals in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand: A Hospital-Based Survey
Authors: Konsaku Kanjana , Luangwilai Titaporn , Ong-Artborirak Parichat
Published: February 2025

Background: Little is known about mental health among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Thailand. This study aimed to identify factors associated with mental health problems in TB patients in urban Thailand. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 210 TB patients receiving treatment at two tertiary care hospitals in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region of Thailand using consecutive sampling. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were used to assess mental health problems and probable depression, respectively. Results: Among TB patients, 34.3% had mental health problems (95% CI: 27.8–40.8), and 23.8% had depression (95% CI: 18.0–29.6). The final model from logistic regression with forward selection identified factors significantly associated with mental health problems, including high family support (OR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.24–0.83) and perceived stigma: low (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.16–6.60), moderate (OR = 3.56; 95% CI: 1.66–7.65), and high (OR = 3.56; 95% CI: 1.31–9.67) versus no stigma. Depression was associated with income ≥10,000 baht (OR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21–0.87), alcohol consumption (OR = 2.90; 95% CI: 1.27–6.64), and high social support from healthcare providers (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22–0.87). Conclusion: This study highlights the need to integrate mental health services into the TB care program to address the TB challenge in Thailand. Policies such as routine mental health screening and psychological counseling alongside treatment, as well as expanded social support and stigma reduction interventions, should be implemented to reduce the risk of mental health issues, particularly depression, and improve treatment outcomes among Thai TB patients.
Self-Reported Physical Activity Behavior and Practice of Healthcare Professionals During the Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy in Greece
Authors: Daglas Vasileios , Kostopoulos Nikolaos , Mitrotasios Michalis , Sarantaki Antigoni , Iliadou Maria , Moustogiannis Athanasios , Dagla Maria , Antoniou Evangelia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the self-reported behavior and practice of healthcare professionals (midwives and obstetricians) regarding physical activity during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The secondary goal of the study was to highlight sociodemographic and professional characteristics affecting the aforementioned behavior. Methods: The study was of cross-sectional design and was conducted between January 2022 and March 2023 with the participation of 235 midwives and obstetricians working in public and private facilities in the region of Attica, Greece. The participants completed a demographic characteristics form as well as a questionnaire structured to serve the aim of the study. Eight independent models of multivariate analyses of variance were performed. Results: Among the participants, over 97% recommended exercising during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Cardio exercises were the most commonly suggested type (93.1% in the second trimester and 88.5% in the third trimester), followed by relaxation exercises (87.7% and 89.8%, respectively). The majority recommended exercising 2–3 times per week, with session durations ranging from 15 to 30 min in the second trimester and 30 to 45 min in the third trimester. The intention for recommending physical activity during the second trimester was associated with the profession (p < 0.001), the personal attitude toward the necessity of exercising (p = 0.006), the participants’ belief regarding the importance of being informed about relevant recommendations (p = 0.003), and the degree of knowledge regarding the relevant international guidelines (p = 0.031). With respect to the third trimester, the associated factors included gender (p = 0.011), the participant’s profession (p = 0.006), the degree of knowledge regarding the relevant international guidelines (p = 0.008), their positive attitude toward physical activity during pregnancy (p = 0.011), and the degree of knowledge regarding the relevant international guidelines (p = 0.008). Conclusions: The aforementioned factors should be taken into consideration when designing interventions for the promotion of physical activity during pregnancy. The structure of relevant instruments would facilitate the evaluation of health professionals’ behavior toward physical activity.
A Tunable Z-Shaped Channel Gradient Metamaterial for Enhanced Detection of Weak Acoustic Signals
Authors: Ren Yulin , Hao Guodong , Zhao Xinsa , Han Jianning
Published: February 2025

Acoustic sensing technology has attracted significant attention across various fields, including mechanical fault early warning and wireless communication, due to its high information density and advantages in remote wireless applications. However, environmental noise reduces the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in traditional acoustic systems. In response, this article proposes a novel Z-shaped channel gradient metamaterial (ZCGM) that leverages strong wave compression effects coupled with effective medium theory to detect weak signals in complex environments. The properties of the designed metamaterials were verified by theoretical derivation and finite element simulation of the model. Compared to conventional linear gradient acoustic metamaterials (GAMs), ZCGM demonstrates significantly superior performance in acoustic enhancement, with a lower capture frequency. Furthermore, the structure exhibits flexible tunability in its profile. In addition, the center frequency of each actual air gap is determined in this paper based on the swept frequency signal test. Based on this center frequency, a preset specific harmonic acoustic signal is used as an emission source to simulate the actual application scenario, and experiments are constructed and conducted to verify the performance of the designed metamaterials. The results consistently show that ZCGM has distinct advantages and promising application prospects in the detection, enhancement, and localization of weak acoustic signals.
When “One Size Fits All” Fits None: A Commentary on the Impacts of the“Draft Canadian Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines” on Racialized Populations in Canada
Authors: Osei Beverley , Naganathan Gayathri , Daniel Juliet M. , Kulkarni Supriya , Lofters Aisha , Oladele Yinka , Springer Leila , Omole Mojola
Published: February 2025

Epidemiological data show racial and ethnic differences exist in breast cancer morbidity and mortality amongst Black, Indigenous, Asian, and Hispanic populations, with non-white females experiencing earlier age at diagnosis, more aggressive breast cancer subtypes and advanced cancer stages, and earlier mortality than white females. However, the current Canadian breast cancer screening guidelines recommend biannual screening for all females starting from age 50 to age 74 and suggest not to screen individuals aged 40–49. In May 2024, the Canadian Task Force for Preventative Health released updated draft breast cancer screening guidelines, maintaining such recommendations for screening. Both the existing and the proposed guidelines fail to account for the unique cancer burden amongst racialized populations in Canada and risk further perpetuation of existing racial and ethnic disparities by underscreening racialized females. This commentary will present data regarding racial disparities in cancer burden, highlighting the role social and biological factors play in impacting cancer risk and age of disease and presenting perspectives from stakeholder groups reflecting the impacts of current screening guidelines. Ultimately, we critique the current “one-size-fits-all” approach to breast cancer screening in Canada, emphasizing the need for adapted screening practices with the understanding that the current approaches overlook the needs of racialized Canadian populations.
Hypofractionated Palliative Radiotherapy for Relapsed and Refractory High-Risk Neuroblastoma
Authors: Koelker-Wolfe Ellery , Marcus Karen J. , DuBois Steven G. , Catalano Paul J. , Shusterman Suzanne , Ioakeim-Ioannidou Myrsini , Elhalawani Hesham , Yock Torunn I. , MacDonald Shannon M. , Haas-Kogan Daphne A. , Liu Kevin X.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: While palliative radiotherapy (RT) is frequently used in the management of relapsed/refractory high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NBL); outcomes after palliative hypofractionated RT (hypo-RT) remain poorly characterized. Methods: We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective study of 38 patients who were diagnosed with HR-NBL between 1997 and 2021 and received palliative RT. Conventional RT (conv-RT) and hypo-RT were defined as palliative treatment courses using dose ≤2 or >2 Gy per fraction, respectively. The primary outcome was cumulative incidence of in-field progression using Gray’s test. Univariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: When analyzing by first course of palliative RT, 16 patients received conventionally fractionated RT (43%) and 21 received hypo-RT (57%). Clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups. With a median follow-up of 10.3 months (range: 0.3–104.0), the cumulative incidence of in-field progression was not statistically significantly different between hypo-RT and conv-RT (30% vs. 20% at 10 months; p = 0.80). Clinical response, defined as symptomatic improvement or decrease in the size of the lesion, was not statistically different between the two groups (92% conv-RT vs. 90% hypo-RT; p = 1.00). No grade ≥4 toxicities were observed. On univariate analysis, hypo-RT (HR 1.50; 95% CI 0.47–4.76; p = 0.493) was not statistically significantly associated with time to in-field progression, but MYCN amplification was associated with significantly longer time to in-field progression (HR: 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05–0.77; p = 0.020). Conclusions: We found no statistically significant difference in cumulative incidence of in-field progression and clinical outcomes between the conv-RT and hypo-RT groups. Palliative hypo-RT can be considered for relapsed/refractory HR-NBL, especially when shorter treatments may offer improved quality of life.
Obstructive Jaundice Induced by Hilar Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Liver: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Wei Pengcheng , Zheng Shengmin , Lo Chen , Luo Yongjing , Qiao Liyi , Gao Jie , Zhu Jiye , Wang Yi , Li Zhao
Published: February 2025

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) is a rare benign tumor accounting for less than 5% of all liver cysts, with MCN-L in the hilar region being exceptionally uncommon and often misdiagnosed due to its complex presentation. A 48-year-old woman presented with obstructive jaundice following initial laparoscopic drainage of hepatic cysts, where pathology initially indicated benign cystic lesions. Months later, imaging revealed an enlarged cystic lesion in the left liver lobe with intrahepatic bile duct dilation. Further evaluations, including ultrasound, enhanced CT, and MRI, confirmed a large cystic lesion compressing the intrahepatic bile ducts. After a multidisciplinary discussion, hepatic cyst puncture and drainage were performed, temporarily alleviating jaundice. However, she returned with yellowish-brown drainage fluid and worsening jaundice, prompting cyst wall resection. Postoperative pathology confirmed MCN-L. Three months later, jaundice subsided, and a hepatic resection of segment 4 was performed, with pathology confirming low-grade MCN-L. At a 12-month follow-up, the patient showed no abnormalities. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of MCN-L in the hilar region, as it can easily be mistaken for other liver cystic lesions on imaging. Pathologic examination is essential for definitive diagnosis, and early radical surgical resection is critical to improve prognosis and reduce the risk of malignancy and recurrence.
Can Seed Hardness Be an Ecological Filter in Seed Dispersal by Rodents?
Authors: Jiang Lina , Yi Xianfeng
Published: February 2025

Seed hardness has been acknowledged as one of the most significant physical traits influencing seed consumption and caching by animals. From an evolutionary perspective, a hard seed shell should potentially be regarded as a dispersal and predator escape strategy rather than a maladaptive trait of plants. However, to our knowledge, this prediction has not been adequately tested in the context of seed dispersal. Here, we offered seeds with hard shells to the main seed consumers widely distributed in two distinct forest ecosystems to test our hypothesis that a hard seed shell might act as an ecological filter to deter predators but attract obligatory seed dispersers. Our studies demonstrated that seeds with the hardest shells consistently and directly deterred small-bodied seed consumers that have been proven to be either larder-hoarders or scatter-hoarders in the two forests. Nevertheless, rodents with the largest body size and seed handling capacity seemed to be effective seed dispersers targeting hard seed shells. The deterrence to seed predators and the attraction to an effective seed disperser reflects the evolutionary significance of seed hardness in the seed dispersal syndrome. Our studies in different forest ecosystems strongly suggest that a hard seed shell is not an evolutionary dead end in plant–animal interactions. On the contrary, the outcome of a hard seed shell in the seed dispersal syndrome is of evolutionary importance for plant–animal mutualistic interactions in various forest ecosystems.
Morpho-Taxonomy and Molecular Characterization of Coolia canariensis S. Fraga and Ostreopsis ovata Fukuyo (Ostreopsidaceae, Dinophyceae) from Mauritius (Indian Ocean) Marine Coastal Waters
Authors: Mussai Prakash , Larsen Jacob , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Rajeshkumar Kunhiraman C. , Jeewon Rajesh
Published: February 2025

The marine dinoflagellate genera Coolia Meunier and Ostreopsis Schmidt have been reported in the Western Indian Ocean and include potentially harmful species. However, no comprehensive observations have been reported in Mauritian waters. The primary aim of this study was to isolate, identify and characterize potentially toxic epiphytic Coolia and Ostreopsis species from the coastal waters of Mauritius. Morphological characteristics were examined using light/fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The morphologies of the Coolia and Ostreopsis strains were similar to those of Coolia canariensis and Ostreopsis ovata. The phylogenetic analyses (large subunit ribosomal [LSU] rDNA D1/D2) revealed that the Mauritian strains of Coolia canariensis and Ostreopsis ovata clustered within the clades of these species complexes with other isolates from different areas. This represents the first record of Coolia canariensis in Mauritius, ascribed to C. canariensis phylogroups I and V, with the latter representing a new lineage of this species complex. The findings broaden the current body of knowledge of Coolia canariensis lineages, while the additional information of Ostreopsis ovata further supports the presence of an Indo-Pacific lineage.
Calcifications of the Knee’s Medial Compartment: A Case Report and Literature Review on the Adductor Magnus Tendon as an Uncommon Location and the Role of Ultrasound-Guided Lavage
Authors: Jiménez-Herranz Elena , de Castro Fernandes Joao Vitor , Ramos-Álvarez Juan José , Del-Castillo-Díez Federico , Pedrinelli André , Alvariza-Ciancio Sofia , Solís-Mencía Cristian , Del-Castillo-González Federico
Published: February 2025

Background: This paper examines the diverse etiologies of medial knee pain, emphasizing the prevalence of calcification-related pathologies, such as Pellegrini–Stieda Syndrome (PSS), particularly in the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and adjacent structures. Furthermore, we present a case of calcification of the distal adductor magnus tendon (DAMT) insertion into the femoral condyle of the knee and describe its treatment using ultrasound-guided percutaneous lavage (UGPL). A narrative review was conducted based on a single case; it underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate between various calcific conditions, guiding appropriate treatment strategies. Case Presentation: A 70-year-old patient presenting with severe medial knee pain, with a duration of 4 days, and functional impotence underwent X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, revealing calcification in the DAMT. Treatment consisted of UGPL. The patient’s pain level was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) initially and after 30 days of treatment. Upon initial assessment, the patient reported a VAS score of 9 out of 10. After 30 days of completing the treatment, the symptoms ceased. Follow-up imaging (X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI) showed only very tiny fragments of calcification remaining. Conclusions: UGPL is an effective technique for treating calcific tendinopathy of the DAMT insertion into the medial femoral condyle of the knee, offering significant pain relief and functional improvement. This case highlights the importance of considering this rare condition in the differential diagnosis of medial knee pain.
Exploring the Role of miRNA-101a in the Circulatory System’s Adaptive Mechanisms in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Szczerba Ewa , Kozyra-Pydyś Eliza , Zajkowska Agnieszka , Pankiewicz Katarzyna , Szewczyk Grzegorz , Maciejewski Tomasz , Małecki Maciej , Fijałkowska Anna
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy constitute one of the principal reasons for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Identification of molecular mechanisms causing placental dysfunction resulting in gestational hypertension is crucial in the development of new methods of prevention and treatment. The aim of this case-control study was to assess changes in miRNA expression, and biomarkers such as NT-proBNP and galectin-3, in women with uncomplicated pregnancies and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods: This was a case-control study. We included 61 women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 31 women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (21 women with gestational hypertension and 10 women with chronic hypertension). Blood sample collection was performed at 33 weeks of gestation. Expression and expression levels of 26 microRNAs, NTproBNP, and galectin-3 were measured. Results: Lower expression of microRNA 101a was observed in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The expression of microRNA 101a was significantly lower in the group of patients with gestational hypertension, but not with chronic hypertension. Not only was the expression of microRNA 101a lower in all women with gestational hypertension but also in XYZ% it reached undetectable levels. Other studied microRNAs were similar in expression and concentration levels among both groups. In all women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, statistically significant correlations were detected between NT-proBNP concentrations and microRNA 133a (r = −0.68; p = 0.030) and microRNA 195 (r = 0.67; p = 0.030), and between galectin-3 and microRNA 195 (r = 0.46; p = 0.010), microRNA 133a (r = 0.44; p = 0.020), microRNA 222-2276 (r = 0.39; p = 0.050). Conclusions: microRNA 101a, a molecule associated with placental dysfunction in preeclampsia and with inhibition of cardiac fibrosis, has lower expression and concentration levels in gestational hypertension but not in chronic hypertension.
The Two-Year Outcomes of Phacoemulsification Combined with GATT Versus Standalone GATT in Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yozgat Zübeyir , Sabaner Mehmet Cem
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the two-year outcomes of phacoemulsification combined with gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (PHACO-GATT) versus standalone GATT in terms of efficacy, safety, and surgical success. Methods: This retrospective, comparative study included 64 eyes of 64 patients with moderate-to-severe open-angle glaucoma: 35 patients (54.7%) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 29 patients (45.3%) with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG). Group 1 (n = 38) underwent PHACO-GATT, and Group 2 (n = 26) underwent standalone GATT. Data, including intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of anti-glaucomatous medications, and complications, were analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively (1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, and 24th months). Surgical success was defined as achieving a ≥ 20% IOP reduction or IOP ≤ 21 mmHg with or without medications. Results: The mean age was 74.4 ± 7.2 years in Group 1 and 70.8 ± 7.3 years in Group 2. Both groups achieved significant IOP reductions at the 24-month follow-up: Group 1 from 28.6 ± 6.3 mmHg to 12.7 ± 2.4 mmHg, and Group 2 from 27 ± 4.8 mmHg to 13 ± 1.7 mmHg (both p < 0.001). BCVA in Group 1 improved significantly from 0.77 ± 0.29 logMAR to 0.28 ± 0.13 logMAR at 24 months (p < 0.001), while in Group 2, it remained stable at 0.46 ± 0.19 logMAR at baseline and 0.47 ± 0.19 logMAR at 24 months (p > 0.05). The mean number of anti-glaucoma medications decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.001) without significant intergroup differences (p > 0.05). Complication-free rates were 68.4% in Group 1 and 69.2% in Group 2 (p = 0.899). Surgical success rates were comparable between groups at 12 (100% in both groups) and 24 months (94.7% in Group 1, 96.2% in Group 2). Conclusions: Both PHACO-GATT and standalone GATT demonstrated comparable efficacy and safety over a two-year period. PHACO-GATT provided significant visual acuity improvements due to cataract extraction, making it a suitable option for patients with coexisting cataracts and glaucoma.