bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF DATE OF SEEDING ON WINTER SURVIVAL, YIELD, AND BUSHEL WEIGHT OF WINTER WHEAT GROWN IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Pittman U. J. , Andrews J. E.
Published: March 2010

Studies on the effect of date of seeding of winter wheat at Lethbridge, Alberta, during a 5-year period showed that the optimum time for seeding on dry land for maximum winter survival, yield, and bushel weight was from September 1 to September 15. There was a rapid reduction in winter survival and yield of wheat seeded earlier or later than this period. Maturity was delayed when winter wheat was seeded after the optimum time or when stands were thinned by winter killing.On irrigated land, 4 years’ results indicated that the optimum date for seeding was similar to that on dry land, but seeding could be delayed 1 or 2 weeks without incurring serious losses from winter killing. Yield and bushel weight were highest for wheat seeded on irrigated land during the first 2 weeks of September.
EFFECTS OF SULPHUR AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION, AND INOCULATION WITH RHIZOBIUM MELILOTI ON THE GROWTH OF SWEET CLOVER (MELILOTUS ALBA DESR.)
Authors: Ashford R. , Bolton J. L.
Published: March 2010

Sweet clover (Melilotus alba Desr.) in pot culture was grown with and without applied sulphur and nitrogen fertilization, and with and without inoculation with Rhizobium metiloti. The nitrogen was applied as NH4NO3 at rates equivalent to 0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 pounds per acre. Inoculated plants treated with sulphur contained a significantly higher percentage nitrogen than sulphur-deficient plants, provided NH4NO3 did not exceed the 100-pound rate. This condition was reversed when NH4NO3 was applied at the 400-pound rate. These data indicate that sulphur-deficiency restricts growth through its effects on the nutrition of the host legume, rather than through the stimulation of nodule bacteria.With applied sulphur but no NH4NO3 inoculated plants fixed the equivalent of 164 pounds of nitrogen per acre in a 75-day growing period. Application of NH4NO3 depressed fixation and nodulation.
FERTILITY OF BARLEY AUTOTETRAPLOIDS: II. THE RELATIONSHIP OF ANEUPLOIDY, DWARFING AND FERTILITY IN FOUR AUTOTETRAPLOID BARLEY VARIETIES
Authors: Reinbergs E. , Shebeski L. H.
Published: March 2010

A considerable number of dwarf plants (16.4 to 85.7 per cent) was found in C2 to C5 generations of four artificially-induced barley autotetraploids from the varieties OA.C. 21, Brant, York and Montcalm.The Montcalm tetraploid, which was the lowest in mean fertility, had the highest percentage of dwarfs. In the other three tetraploids there was no apparent relationship between the frequency of dwarfs and the mean per cent fertility. In the O.A.C. 21 tetraploid continuous selection for plants with high fertility did not reduce the occurrence of dwarfs.Most of the dwarf plants were aneuploids with 26, 27, 29, 30 or 31 chromosomes, but plants with identical number of chromosomes often showed differences in phenotype. Among the aneuploids 29-chromosome plants were most frequently found. The 26- and 31-chromosome plants were completely sterile. Only a low percentage of the other aneuploid plants produced seed. By considering the observed percentages of dwarf plants and the ratio of hypoploids to hyperploids produced, the largest part of sterility in the four barley autotetraploids could be attributed to irregular chromosome distribution.
THE SEED VALUE OF FROST-DAMAGED WHEAT AS DETERMINED BY ITS COMMERCIAL GRADE, BUSHEL WEIGHT AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Banting J. D. , Wu Y. S. , Shebeski L. H.
Published: March 2010

Following the occurrence of extensive frost damage in August of 1950 nearly 300 samples of bread wheat were collected from a widespread area of Saskatchewan. The adequacy of the commercial grading system in evaluating such grain for seed purposes was determined by comparing grade and bushel weight of each sample with its germination. Commercial grade provided a reasonably reliable index of frost damage in wheat.Composite samples, consisting of distinct types of frost damage, served as the basis for a method of predicting germination and emergence of individual samples. The method provided a satisfactory means of determining the value of frosted grain for seed.The effect of certain treatments on vigour of seedlings from frosted wheat was tested by means of the various composite types. Seed treatment with a mercuric fungic de was found to be practicable and shallow seeding into moisture was emphasized. Seed dressings with gamma BHC, at the rate recommended for wireworm control, were more injurious to frosted than sound wheat. Seedlings from frosted grain were more susceptible to common root rot, H. sativum, and drought than seedlings from sound grain. The slower growth rate of the former was doubtless a contributing factor.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF LIOCORIS SPP., ADELPHOCORIS SPP. AND PLAGIOGNATHUS MEDICAGUS ARRAND (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) IN NORTHERN ALFALFA SEED FIELDS
Authors: Craig C. H.
Published: March 2010

One application of 1.25 pounds DDT, 0.50 pound dieldrin, or 1.0 pound heptachlor per acre when the alfalfa had just started to bud practically eliminated Adelphocoris spp. and Plagiognathus medicagus before they caused noticeable damage, and kept Liocoris spp. infestations below 0.3 per sweep throughout the season in replicated plot tests in 1956 and 1957. The residual toxicity provided by these treatments should ensure adequate control of plant bugs in alfalfa grown for seed in the northern agricultural areas of Western Canada.One application of 0.75 pound DDT or 0.5 pound heptachlor effectively controlled Adelphocoris spp. and P. medicagus, but permitted Liocoris spp. infestations to reach about 2.0 bugs per sweep after 6 or 7 weeks. The residual toxicity provided by these treatments would not be adequate to prevent damaging infestations of Liocoris spp. from developing in some years.
EFFECT OF DATE AND FREQUENCY OF DEFOLIATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF ALFALFA
Authors: Folkins L. P. , Greenshields J. E. R. , Nowosad F. S.
Published: March 2010

In two experiments established in 1950 and 1953, Rhizoma and Grimm alfalfa, each in a simple mixture with timothy, were subjected to seven cutting schedules in the first 2 harvest years. In the third year all plots were cut on tune 15 to determine the effect of the differential defoliation in the preceding years. The two varieties were not significantly different in five of the six seasons but after a winter of severe icing in 1953 Rhizoma outyielded Grimm. The yields of the alfalfa component in the third year tended to decrease with an increase in the number of harvests in the previous years. Protein yield per acre increased with an increase in the number of clippings. The results indicated that highest yields of alfalfa will be maintained by avoiding defoliating between August 15 and October 15.
THE EFFECT OF CHLORINE ON THE HYGROSCOPICITY OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO
Authors: Elliot J. M. , Vickery L. S.
Published: March 2010

Chlorine from 20 to 50 pounds per acre had no effect on yield or leaf-grade quality of flue-cured tobacco grown on a Fox loamy sand. Increased applications of chlorine increased the chlorine content, moisture uptake, and decreased the rate of burn of the cured leaf but had no effect on the amount of total sugars.
VARIETAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON RAPESEED: III. FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF 1958 VARIETAL TESTS
Authors: Craig B. M.
Published: March 2010

The fatty acid compositions of the oil from 6 varieties of rapeseed grown at 22 stations were determined by gas liquid phase chromatography. Significant differences were found between stations for all fatty acids and between varieties for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, eicosenoic and erucic acids. The variations for palmitic, stearic, and eicosenoic acids were small, whereas major variations occurred in oleic, erucic and linoleic acids. A correlation coefficient of −0.975 was found between oleic and erucic acids and a prediction equation was determined to calculate oleic acid from the erucic acid content.
DIFFERENTIAL HOSTS AND NEW HOST RECORDS FOR FIVE GRASS VIRUSES
Authors: Slykhuis J. T.
Published: March 2010

A number of cereals and other grasses were compared as hosts for different isolates of viruses causing Agropyron mosaic (AMV), wheat streak mosaic (WSMV), barley stripe mosaic (BSMV), ryegrass mosaic (RMV) and orchard grass mosaic (OMV). Lolium multiflorum L. was susceptible to all the viruses. The four varieties of wheat tested were highly susceptible to AMV, WSMV and BSMV, but not to RMV or OMV. Clintland oats was susceptible to WSMV, RMV and OMV but not to AMV or BSMV. Lolium perenne L. and Dactylis glomerata L. were infected by RMV and OMV only, Agropyron repens L. Beauv. by AMV only, and Setaria italica L. Beauv. by BSMV only. Brant and Husky barley were slightly susceptible to AMV, but seven other varieties appeared immune. Unusual host records include the infection of Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb. and one plant of Agropyron smithii Rydb. with WSMV, and the infection of Agropyron intermedium (Host) Beauv. with BSMV. A list of differential hosts is proposed.
STUDIES ON APPLE ROOTSTOCK SELECTIONS RELATING RESPIRATION RATES TO AN ANATOMICAL METHOD OF PREDICTING DWARFNESS
Authors: Miller S. R. , Heeney H. B. , Nelson S. H.
Published: March 2010

The respiration rates of leaf disks and root tips of apple rootstock selections are related to the per cent of bark in the root which has been shown to be an index of dwarfing potential. In 1958 and 1959 significant regression coefficients were shown between the respiration rate of leaf disks and the per cent of bark in the roots. A highly significant regression coefficient was obtained between the respiration rate of the root tips from rooted softwood cuttings and the known per cent of bark in the root of the parent plant. The data indicate that the respiration rate of leaf disks or root tips would be a satisfactory measure of dwarfing potential within a closely related series of apple rootstock selections.
THE INFLUENCE OF A COMMERCIAL FERTILIZER TREATMENT ON WEED COMPETITION IN SPRING SOWN WHEAT
Authors: Nakoneshny W. , Friesen G.
Published: March 2010

Applications of ammonium phosphate fertilizer (11-48-0) at 40 pounds per acre on six farm fields in Manitoba were effective in reducing losses in wheat yields caused by weed competition. Average losses in yield due to weed competition were 20.5 per cent in unfertilized portions of the fields and only 11.7 per cent in fertilized portions of the same fields. Increases in wheat yields resulting from fertilizer treatment were approximately equal to increases resulting from weed removal. However, higher yields resulting from fertilizer treatment were sometimes accompanied by decreases in the protein content of the harvested crop. Increased yields resulting from weed removal were generally accompanied by significant increases in the protein content. The combined effects of fertilizer treatment and of weed removal produced the largest increases in yield of wheat and maintained the protein content at a comparatively high level.
STUDIES WITH FERTILIZED PASTURES ON A HEAVY TEXTURED SOIL IN NORTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Elliott C. R. , Anderson C. H. , Owen B. D.
Published: March 2010

Yields of herbage, animal gains, carrying capacity and TDN production were determined for three pasture swards grown on a Grey Wooded soil (Albright-Hythe series) in the Peace River region of northern Alberta over the period 1953 to 1956 inclusive. Sheep were used as grazing units. Fertilizer treatments of nil, ammonium phosphate (11-48-0) at 300 pounds per acre and ammonium nitrate (33-0-0) at 100 pounds per acre were applied annually to pastures of creeping red fescue, creeping red fescue-alfalfa and bromegrass-alfalfa.Productivity obtained with unfertilized grass-legume mixtures was almost double that for unfertilized grass grown alone. Increased production attributable to alfalfa was also obtained, although to a lesser degree, where fertilizers were used. Pastures of creeping red fescue seeded alone and with alfalfa responded markedly to applications of nitrogen while responses to phosphorus were negligible. Conversely, bromegrass-alfalfa pastures responded strongly to applications of phosphorus and only slightly to nitrogen.
EFFECT OF A HIGH WATER CONTENT IN STORED WHEAT, OAT, AND BARLEY SEED ON ITS GERMINABILITY, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INVASION BY MOULDS, AND RESPONSE TO CHEMICAL TREATMENT
Authors: Machacek J. E. , Wallace H. A. H. , Robertson E. , Phillips N. Agnes
Published: March 2010

The rate at which germinability is lost in untreated wheat, oats and barley grain was found to depend chiefly on its water content and on the temperature at which it is stored. Germinability of treated grain also depends on other factors, such as the chemical used for seed treatment and the kind of grain treated. The total reduction in germination was dependent on the duration of storage. Grain which had been wet, but was dried by the time of treatment, showed about the same degree of chemical injury as grain that had not been wet.When grain produced in Western Canada, where it is generally infested by a wide variety of fungi of which Alternaria tenuis sensu Wiltshire is the most common, was stored untreated and in a moist condition, this fungus became overgrown by species of Rhizopus. When, however, the moist grain was treated with Ceresan M before it was stored, the Alternaria was often displaced by one or more species of Penicillium. The source of the grain did not seem to affect the ultimate type of fungus growth appearing on it.Chemical treatment often impaired the germination of grain that was only moderately damp and did not prevent deterioration of grain that was very damp. Pre-storage treatment of smut-free grain is, therefore, not recommended.
ERIOPHYID MITES IN RELATION TO THE SPREAD OF GRASS VIRUSES IN ONTARIO
Authors: Slykhuis John T.
Published: March 2010

Aceria tulipae (K.), Abacarus hystrix (Nal.) and Vasates mckenziei (K.) occur on wheat and Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. naturally infected with Agropyron mosaic virus (AMV) in Ontario, but none of these mites has been proved a vector of this virus. A. tulipae from naturally diseased wheat caused a mild chlorotic mottle of wheat similar to mild strains of wheat spot mosaic from Alberta. Mites reared from eggs hatched on healthy wheat did not cause chlorotic symptoms on wheat. Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) has not been found in Ontario, but A. tulipae from Ontario transmitted this virus as efficiently as a culture of A. tulipae from Alberta.
THE INFLUENCE OF HONEYBEE POLLINATION ON FRUIT SET OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY
Authors: Wood G. W.
Published: March 2010

Inconsistent results were obtained when the fruit set was determined in blueberry fields with and without the service of honeybees. Adverse weather conditions curtailed pollinator activity and this was reflected in poor fruit set. The advantage of using honeybees was more evident in the season which had a short period of bloom. No significant increase in percentage fruit set was obtained when the number of colonies of honeybees per acre was increased. There was also no correlation between percentage fruit set and composition of plant stand.
MONILINIA TWIG AND BLOSSOM BLIGHT OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY AND ITS CONTROL
Authors: Lockhart C. L.
Published: March 2010

Surveys showed twig and blossom blight of lowbush blueberries, caused by Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, to be prevalent in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. The severity of the disease increased each successive year after burning.Sclerotia remained viable for several years and gave rise to apothecia from late April till early June. Apothecia from sclerotia from lowbush blueberries were smaller than those reported from the highbush blueberry. When first isolated in culture the fungus produced micro- and macro-conidia, but on subsequent transfer only microconidia were produced. The fungus could not be isolated from overwintered diseased leaves or twigs. Field inoculations readily reproduced the disease but inoculations in the greenhouse were unsuccessful.Three applications of ferbam, zineb or thioneb dust gave good control of twig and blossom-blight. In practice, the disease is largely controlled by burning which destroys the overwintering mummy berries without killing the underground parts of the plant.
THE INHERITANCE OF LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN SEVEN VARIETIES OF COMMON WHEAT
Authors: Anderson R. G.
Published: March 2010

The inheritance of seedling resistance to races 1a, 5a, 11, 15a and 126a of leaf rust was studied in the varieties Exchange and Selkirk and to races 1a and 15a in the varieties Lee, Gabo, Timstein, Mayo 52 and Mayo 54. Thatcher was used as the susceptible variety. Rust tests were carried out on F1 and F2 populations of diallel crosses among these varieties and on F2 families from the backcrosses to Thatcher. Two genes were found. One gene LrE conditions a (2) type reaction to all five races in Exchange and Selkirk. The other gene LrL conditions a (; 1 =) type reaction to races 1a and 15a in all seven varieties. Isogenic lines possessing these genes are being developed in the varieties Prelude and Thatcher. The importance of such lines in future genetic studies and their application in other biological studies are discussed.The increase in amount of leaf rust found on Lee and Selkirk in Canada during the period 1951–1958 is accounted for by the increase of races which render the gene LrL ineffective in these two varieties.
NON-ENZYMATIC BROWNING IN CAULIFLOWER
Authors: Strachan G. , Nonnecke I. L.
Published: March 2010

In a study of local cauliflower discoloration it was found that added 1-ascorbic acid markedly increased the pink colour formed on heating. The pink colour formation is relatively slow, takes place regardless of the inherent ascorbic acid content, and appears to be due to a non-enzymatic browning reaction.
THE EFFECT OF SWATHING AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF MATURITY ON THE BUSHEL WEIGHT AND YIELD OF OATS
Authors: Dodds M. E.
Published: March 2010

Swathing tests were conducted over a 4-year period to determine the earliest stage of maturity at which oats could be cut without loss of bushel weight or yield.Cutting started when the kernel moisture content of the standing crop approximated 50 per cent and continued daily until the moisture content reached 14 per cent. The weight per measured bushel, 1000-kernel weight, and yield in bushels per acre were determined at the time the swath was picked up and threshed with the combine.An analysis of variance of the data indicated that oats may be swathed at a stage of maturity defined by a kernel moisture content of 35 per cent without affecting bushel weight or yield. Kernel moisture at swathing was significantly, negatively correlated with the bushel weight, 1000-kernel weight, and yield for the full range of the test, but this relationship became of a lower order as maturity advanced and was not correlated at a moisture level below 35 per cent.
THE CONTROL OF THE APPLE APHID ON DWARF APPLE TREES WITH BARK APPLICATIONS OF DIMETHOATE
Authors: Pielou D. P.
Published: March 2010

Very effective control of the apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeG., on dwarf apple trees, has been obtained by two paintings of an undiluted emulsifiable concentrate of dimethoate (30 per cent active ingredient) on the basal part of the trunk of the tree. Approximately 2 millilitres are applied per tree, and application is made with a 1-inch paint brush around the trunk over a distance of approximately 12 inches. A single application in early July, at a time when the seasonal upsurge of aphids is beginning, gave excellent control for 3 to 4 weeks, even where conditions for reinfestation were favourable. A second application at the end of that period ensured full seasonal control. Almost equally good control was obtained by diluting the concentrate with an equal volume of water. At greater dilutions less effective control resulted. The use of a slurry made from dimethoate, 50 per cent wettable powder, in place of the emulsion, was reasonably effective but slower in action.
EFFECTS OF AMITROLE, ZYTRON AND OTHER HERBICIDES OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE PEA APHID, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HARRIS), CAGED ON BROAD BEAN, VICIA FABA L.
Authors: Robinson A. G.
Published: March 2010

Thirty herbicides or plant growth regulators were tested against the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on broad bean, Vicia faba L. When amitrole at 300, 200 and 100 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, fecundity of the adults was reduced and mortality of their progeny was 100, 100 and 93.9 per cent respectively. No significant effects on fecundity occurred when amitrole was applied to the leaves or as a contact spray on adult aphids. When Zytron at 3,000, 2,000 and 1,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water was absorbed by the roots, mortality of adults was 100, 100 and 95 per cent and of their progeny 100, 100 and 98.6 per cent respectively. When Zytron was applied to the leaves at 8,000, 4,000 and 2,000 p.p.m. of active ingredient in water there was a mortality of adults of 85, 70 and 50 per cent and of nymphs 75.1, 45.4 and 29.9 per cent. The lower mortality of nymphs occurred over a 5-day period, indicating that the initial toxic effects from application to the leaves were soon lost. Mortality of nymphs refers to young aphids born alive and killed by the toxic effects of amitrole or Zytron. Twenty-seven of the chemicals showed no effects on aphids caged on treated plants.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE RATIO OF INCANDESCENT TO FLUORESCENT LIGHT ON THE FLOWERING RESPONSE OF MARQUIS WHEAT GROWN UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
Authors: Friend D. J. C. , Helson V. A. , Fisher J. E.
Published: March 2010

When Marquis wheat is grown under artificial conditions, the main light energy (lamp watts) supplied by fluorescent light should be supplemented by at least 35 per cent of incandescent light in order to have a photoperiodic effect close to the maximal. Increasing the percentage up to 100 per cent resulted in slightly earlier flowering. This effect of incandescent light was caused, not by earlier floral initiation, but by an increase in the rate of stem elongation and a hastening of the later stages of floral differentiation. This action of incandescent light could not be replaced by substituting pink fluorescent for one-third of the white fluorescent lights.To obtain a photoperiodic effect equal to that of high light energy from combined fluorescent and incandescent bulbs, it is recommended that the daylength be extended by sufficient incandescent light to give an intensity of at least 50 ft.-c. at plant level.
NOTE ON PALLISER BARLEY
Authors: Wells S. A. , McBean D. S. , Kusch A. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A VOLUMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF NUMBERS OF APPLE APHID, APHIS POMI DeG., ON SAMPLES OF APPLE FOLIAGE
Authors: Pielou D. P.
Published: March 2010

not available
NOTE ON A MECHANICAL SEED DISPENSER FOR ROD-ROW PLOTS
Authors: McLeod A. D.
Published: March 2010

not available
COMPARISON OF TISSUES FROM SOLID- AND HOLLOW-STEMMED SPRING WHEATS DURING GROWTH: I. DRY MATTER AND NITROGEN CONTENTS OF PITH AND WALL AND THEIR RELATION TO SAWFLY RESISTANCE
Authors: McGinnis A. J. , Kasting R.
Published: March 2010

The dry matter content of the internodes of the wheat varieties, Thatcher, Rescue, and Golden Ball, grown on non-irrigated land varied with age, variety, and internode. The nitrogen content of the stem tissues varied from 6 per cent for immature to less than 1 per cent for mature tissues. The nodes of these wheat plants generally contained less dry matter and more nitrogen than did the internodes. At maturity the top third of each of the two uppermost internodes of Thatcher grown on irrigated land contained the highest percentages of dry matter and nitrogen, and the bottom third contained the lowest. The stems of the wheats and of Eagle oats were not greatly different in dry matter and nitrogen content during the period when larvae of the wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Nort., usually die in oat plants.Resistance of solid-stemmed wheats to the sawfly does not appear to be associated with a quantitative nutritional deficiency of either moisture or nitrogen. The analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that older larvae in solid-stemmed wheats die as a result of desiccation. Pith of Golden Ball contained more moisture than did that of Rescue, which supports the view that greater egg mortality may occur in the former variety because of the higher moisture content.
CROP ROTATIONS AND COMMON ROOTROT IN WHEAT
Authors: Ledingham R. J.
Published: March 2010

In a 5-year study of common rootrot of wheat in rotations at Indian Head, Saskatchewan, disease ratings were recorded three times each crop season and isolations were made to determine percentage of infection by Helminthosporium sativum and Fusarium culmorum. Wheat preceded by 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5 years of crops not susceptible to H. sativum had 68, 64, 37, 34, and 14 per cent, respectively, of H. sativum infected plants. Corresponding disease ratings for the same years were 28, 27, 22, 17, and 13 per cent, respectively. F. culmorum was isolated frequently from wheat in some of the rotations and it no doubt contributed to increased disease ratings. Oats in the rotation may be a factor in ensuring survival of this pathogen. Common rootrot in wheat may be lessened by using a comparatively long rotation.
VARIABILITY WITHIN ISOLATES OF VERTICILLIUM ALBO-ATRUM FROM POTATO
Authors: Robinson D. B.
Published: March 2010

A monospore analysis of fresh isolates of Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold from eight locations and six varieties of potato in Prince Edward Island, showed that, with one exception, the mass isolates were composed of morphologic forms distinguishable in growth habit and in capacity to form dark resting mycelium. One chief component, resembling the parent form, was present in all isolates. Pathogenicity trials in the greenhouse showed that the monospore forms differed in virulence and that virulence was not associated with the capacity to form dark, resting mycelium. Some monospore forms were avirulent, and one series was found that was equally pathogenic on both the highly susceptible variety Irish Cobbler and the field resistant variety Houma.
INHERENT DIFFERENCES IN DEPTH OF CROWN IN WHEAT AND BARLEY
Authors: Sallans B. J.
Published: March 2010

Varieties of spring wheat and barley were found to differ considerably in the length of subcrown internode and consequently in the depth of crown formation in the soil. Single plant selections within varieties showed no significant variations in depth of crown. The depth of crown appeared to be a heritable character in randomly selected lines from the cross Thatcher × Reward, the former parent tending to form deep crowns and the latter shallow crowns. Possible physiological and pathological effects of depth of crown are discussed.
VARIATION IN THE SENSITIVITY OF ISOLATES OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS (CKE.) WINT. TO FUNGICIDES
Authors: Ross R. G. , Hamlin S. A.
Published: March 2010

Fifty isolates of Venturia inaequalis, from diseased apples of several varieties collected in sprayed orchards on various fungicide programs and in unsprayed orchards, were tested for their sensitivity to captan, glyodin, dichlone, phenyl mercury acetate, copper sulphate and sulphur. The isolates were sensitive to a wider dosage range of sulphur than of other fungicides but there was no indication that, in nature, V. inaequalis had developed strains resistant to the fungicides.
RESPONSE OF LITTLE CHERRY-INFECTED CHERRY TREES TO ZINC TREATMENTS
Authors: Wilks J. M. , Stewart J. A.
Published: March 2010

In the Creston Valley of British Columbia, mature Lambert cherry trees displaying severe symptoms of the virus disease little cherry were treated with various zinc carriers applied to the soil, to the dormant wood, or to the foliage. The trees had not shown the chlorotic symptoms typical of zinc deficiency but had produced fruits and leaves that were smaller than might be expected from the virus infection alone.The zinc treatments invariably resulted in improvements in leaf size, and especially in fruit quality. The best zinc treatment gave increases of 59 per cent in fruit size and 77 per cent in soluble solids content. The most marked responses were obtained with zinc sulphate applied as a dormant spray or with ZnEDTA chelate applied to the soil. Foliar sprays were the least effective. The quantity of zinc present in the leaves collected from treated plots showed no association with observed fruit responses. Leaf analyses demonstrated that a mild zinc deficiency condition existed. These trials indicate that the quality of fruits on trees infected with little cherry virus may be adversely affected by zinc deficiency, in the absence of recognizable zinc deficiency symptoms.
COMPARISON OF LIGHTLY GRAZED AND UNGRAZED RANGE IN THE FESCUE GRASSLAND OF SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA
Authors: Johnston Alexander
Published: March 2010

The influence of grazing on the vegetative cover of fescue grassland in southwestern Alberta was assessed by studying two adjoining sites, one lightly grazed, the other ungrazed. Percentage basal area, yield, water-intake rate, soil temperature, soil moisture, and amount of root material were compared on a paired plot basis.The data showed that light grazing resulted in the development of a richer flora dominated by Danthonia parryi. Protection from grazing appeared to simplify the flora with a trend toward a cover consisting largely of Festuca scabrella. There was little evidence of difference in productivity between the two sites. Cooler and moister conditions prevailed in the upper 12 inches of the soil profile of the ungrazed site as a result of heavy accumulation of mulch. Considerably more root material to a depth of 54 inches was present on the lightly grazed site. The harmful effects of herbage removal, shown by clipping studies, were not apparent in the field study under a light rate of grazing.
INDUCTION OF SEED SET IN DWARF-SPRING AND WINTER WHEAT
Authors: Hurd E. A.
Published: March 2010

Studies were made of the effect of gibberellin (GA) application to dwarf plants of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) which resulted from crossing monosomic and disomic Redman with Kenya Farmer. GA at 10 and 100 p.p.m. induced the formation of 53 seeds on 12 plants sprayed 46 days after planting. Fewer seeds were produced on a larger number of plants sprayed at a later stage. The application of IAA, NAA and TIBA to dwarfs at 5 p.p.m. was ineffective in increasing step length or inducing heading. Cold-shock treatment of seeds appeared to induce heading in one experiment and not in another. GA did not affect the course of meiosis but it did cause deformities in plants grown from treated seed. Deformities included branching of the main stem, development of crown roots from two or three nodes per stem, and rapid growth of a "needle-like" internode. Application of fertilizer overcame yellowing but not the spindly growth which occurred in GA-treated plants. Two winter wheat varieties were given GA and cold treatment both of which induced heading in one variety and not in the other. GA induced extensive growth of leaves and stems in both winter wheats under low intensity light and high temperature whereas under opposite conditions it caused retarded growth and delayed maturity.
EFFECTS OF CLIPPING AND NITROGEN ON COMPETITION BETWEEN THREE PASTURE SPECIES
Authors: Wilson D. B. , MoGuire W. S.
Published: March 2010

In three herbage mixtures comprised of different combinations of orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L., creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., and common white clover, Trifolium repens L., highest yields of the grasses were obtained when 1) harvesting was delayed until only 2 per cent of the incident light near mid-day penetrated to the base of the sward rather than at 10 per cent penetration, 2) a 2-inch rather than a 4-inch stubble was left after cutting, and 3) nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The same cutting treatments gave maximum yields of the associated clover without nitrogen fertilization, but when nitrogen was applied higher clover yields were obtained when cutting was at 10 per cent light penetration. Yields of the two grasses were approximately the same when grown with clover only, but in the two-grass association orchardgrass held the fescue to a low proportion in the mixture.Results did not support the concept of maintaining a specified minimum leaf area index (LAI) for maximum yield of the herbage mixture.
PHENOLOGY OF SEVERAL PLANT SPECIES AT OTTAWA, ONTARIO, AND AN EXAMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF AIR TEMPERATURES
Authors: Bassett I. J. , Holmes R. M. , MacKay K. H.
Published: March 2010

The apparent base temperature, below which plants do not develop towards flowering, was estimated for 10 of the early flowering woody species by means of a modified linear regression analysis. The relationship between average spring temperatures and developmental rates was examined for the same 10 species. The rate of development towards flowering in Acer saccharinum, A. saccharum, Populus tremuloides, P. grandidentata and Ulmus americana was more closely related to average maximum temperatures while in Acer rubrum and Betula papyrifera it was more closely related to minimum temperatures. Alnus rugosa, Acer negundo and Prunus pensylvanica were not markedly influenced by average spring temperatures. The first dates of flowering are also presented for 36 plant species that were observed during the period 1936–1960 at Ottawa, Ont. The marker plants include 18 trees, 6 shrubs, 6 grasses and 6 other herbaceous and weedy species.
NOTE ON BISMALEAMIC ACID AS A TOBACCO SUCKER GROWTH INHIBITOR
Authors: Parups E. V. , Hoffman I.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON A GREENHOUSE TECHNIQUE FOR CROSSING LEGUMES BY HONEY BEES
Authors: Goplen B. P. , Pankiw P.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON RUSSELL OATS
Authors: Zillinsky F. J.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON HOLDER-LIFTER TONGS FOR HARVESTING FORAGE ROWS
Authors: Sivers H. , Twamley B. E.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON CHEMICAL CHANGES OCCURRING IN FREEZE-DRIED AND FRESH-FROZEN WHEAT LEAVES DURING STORAGE
Authors: Perkins Harold J.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECT OF SULPHUR TREATMENTS ON YIELD AND NITROGEN AND SULPHUR CONTENT OF ALFALFA GROWN ON SULPHUR-DEFICIENT AND SULPHUR-SUFFICIENT GREY WOODED SOILS
Authors: Cairns R. R. , Carson R. B.
Published: March 2010

Sulphur applied in the elemental form, or as sodium or calcium sulphate, on Grey Wooded soils, increased yields of alfalfa on sulphur-deficient Loon River loam, but not on sulphur-sufficient Garrick loam. The quantity of sulphate-sulphur was extremely low in the alfalfa grown on untreated Loon River loam and increased markedly as a result of the application of sulphur to the soil. Although herbage from untreated areas of the sulphur-deficient soil contained a slightly higher per cent nitrogen in 1955 than that grown on the sulphur-sufficient soil, sulphur treatment increased nitrogen content and yield of nitrogen on the sulphur-deficient soil. The relative abundance of nitrogen in the herbage grown on the check areas of the deficient soil suggests that the main effect of sulphur was not on root nodulation or nitrogen supply, but rather on nitrogen assimilation and other physiological functions of the sulphur-containing compounds within the plant.
GERMINATION OF SWEET CHERRY (PRUNUS AVIUM L.) POLLEN IN VITRO AS INFLUENCED BY FUNGICIDES
Authors: Eaton G. W.
Published: March 2010

Effects of fungicidal concentrations of sulphur, dichlone, ferbam, and captan on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) pollen germination and growth were studied in artificial media. Sulphur did not reduce the germination of pollen. Dichlone and ferbam reduced germination from 53.0 per cent to 47.1 per cent and 40 per cent, respectively, reductions which were significant statistically. Sprayed at 0.2 pound/100 gallons or less, captan did not reduce germination. Captan, sprayed at 2 pounds/100 gallons, almost entirely prevented pollen germination, and arrested the elongation of pollen tubes.
YIELD-MATURITY RELATIONSHIPS IN OATS
Authors: Kaufmann M. L.
Published: March 2010

Based on data collected over a period of 14 years from an average of 16 stations represented each year, and a total of 143 varieties tested, a positive correlation between maturity and yield is reported when conditions are favourable for all maturity classes. In the presence of stem and leaf rust, and under certain climatic conditions, late varieties were less productive.The manner in which these results affect production and breeding is discussed and the yield: maturity index, based on production per day from seeding to maturity, is seen to be an aid in selection. It is recommended that crop hazards should be considered in mapping out areas for regional testing.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON YELLOWING OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO UNDER FORCED-AIR CONDITIONS
Authors: Walker E. K. , Vickery L. S.
Published: March 2010

Effects of temperature during the yellowing phase of the curing process on the quality of tobacco leaves of the flue-cured type were studied in small chambers, temperature and moisture being precisely controlled. With multi-stage (conventional) schedules, whereby temperature was increased by increments of 5 and 10°F. within the range of 80 to 110°F., the leaf quality was equivalent to that obtained from a two-stage schedule, in which 90°F. was maintained for 24 hours and 105°F. for the rest of the yellowing phase. Both procedures gave only slightly higher quality than single-stage schedules in the range of 95 to 105°F. Tobacco which yellowed at temperatures outside the latter range, especially below 90°F. and above 110°F., had comparatively low quality. The temperature response was practically unaffected by variations in saturation deficit up to 75 grains of moisture per pound of dry air.
A GRASS-ALFALFA MIXTURE COMPARED WITH CEREAL GRAINS FOR FODDER PRODUCTION UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS
Authors: Kilcher M. R. , Heinrichs D. H.
Published: March 2010

From 1952 to 1960 at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, the performance of a grass-alfalfa mixture was compared to that of oats and of wheat on dryland, principally from the standpoint of hay production. Average annual hay yields over the 9-year period were similar, but within single years large differences in yield occurred between crops. In seasons with favourable precipitation the perennial forage mixture gave higher hay yields, while the cereals gave the highest yields during very dry seasons.Small yields from the perennial crop were associated with low rainfall in May. It was concluded that perennial forage crops should be the main source of winter feed in a semi-arid climate, if used in conjunction with a cereal crop for insurance.
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FLAX VARIETIES
Authors: McGregor W. G. , Carson R. B.
Published: March 2010

Iodine number and fatty acid composition of linseed oil from flax varieties grown in Western Canada are reported. Differences in iodine number and linolenic acid due to environment were greater than differences between varieties grown in the same location, but varieties tended to maintain their respective rank in regard to fatty acid composition within broad limits regardless of environment.
THE OCCURRENCE OF LOOSE SMUT RESISTANCE IN 42, 28 AND 14 CHROMOSOME WHEATS
Authors: Anderson R. G.
Published: March 2010

A total of 865 spring wheat varieties, and selections from the 14, 28 and 42 chromosome groups, were inoculated in 3 successive years with a mixture of Canadian collections of loose smut, Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr. At the end of the first year, 231 were rated immune; after the second inoculation, 188; and after the third, 162. These included 116 from the 42 chromosome group, 43 from the 28, and 3 from the 14. Although some of the reduction in immune or resistant types after the first year may have resulted from escapes, it is probable that most of these showed susceptibility to new collections added in the second and third years.
THE CONTROL OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN RED CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE L.): IV. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION AND THE USE OF GROWTH REGULATORS
Authors: Cumming Bruce G. , Steppler Howard A.
Published: March 2010

Improved methods for vegetative propagation of red clover are described. "Leaf-bud" propagules, consisting of a single trifoliate leaf with its stipules and a small axillary bud in a stage of indeterminate growth, provide better units for vegetative propagation than crown or stem cuttings and have shown a closer similarity to seedlings in their growth and development. All types of propagules can be rooted in full daylight by using an overhead mist-spray system with vermiculite as the rooting medium.Propagule production can be very significantly increased by pre-treating intact plants with short daylengths and/or 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA). Application of maleic hydrozide (MH) to flowering stems causes abortion of floral apices, thereby hastening and very significantly increasing propagule production. Auxin treatment of propagules and/or long daylengths during rooting, increase the per cent rooting and the amount of root formation.Propagation in this manner can be very rapid. For example, more than 1,000 rooted propagules were obtained at one time from single field-planted propagules of a late-flowering clone in the first year. Propagules that were closely planted in wooden flats in vermiculite were maintained satisfactorily as very small plants overwinter under greenhouse and also under cold storage conditions, and were utilized in clonal-row field plantings for seed production.
ROOT AND STALK ROT OF FIELD CORN IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO: II. DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE AND ISOLATION OF ORGANISMS
Authors: Whitney N. J. , Mortimore C. G.
Published: March 2010

The development of root and stalk rot in two corn inbreds was followed in 1956 and isolations were made of organisms associated with the disease. Infection of the root tips early in the life of the plants was followed by progressive colonization of the roots as the plants aged and by rotting of the stalks at maturity. Isolations showed that numerous organisms (Fusarium oxysporum, F. maniliforme, F. equesiti, F. sp., Pyrenochaeta terrestris, Trichoderma spp. and Alternaria sp.) were associated with the rotting of the roots but that only F. oxysporum and Trichoderma spp. were obtainable from the stalks of diseased plants. The two latter organisms entered the stalks through diseased adventitious roots or mesocotyls and were considered to be the cause of the disease in 1956. The association of other organisms in this complex disease in other years is discussed.
NOTE ON AN INCREASING-RATE FERTILIZER SPREADER
Authors: Smith A. D. , Luiwick L. E.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON MALE STERILITY IN THE COMMON LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY, VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM AIT.
Authors: Hall Ivan V. , Aalders Lewis E.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON KEYSTONE, A LOOSE SMUT RESISTANT FEED BARLEY
Authors: Johnston W. H. , Metcalfe D. R.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON APPARATUS FOR MAINTAINING CONSTANT SOIL TEMPERATURES AND SOIL MOISTURES, USED IN STUDIES ON SOIL INHABITING INSECTS AND DISEASES
Authors: Read D. C. , Ayers G. W. , Campbell J. E. , Robinson D. B.
Published: March 2010

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NOTE ON CHIGNECTO SWEDE
Authors: Warren F. S. , Langille J. E.
Published: March 2010

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PRODUCTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA AS INFLUENCED BY VARYING LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM APPLICATIONS
Authors: Gervais Paul , Dionne J. L. , Richardson W. S.
Published: March 2010

In a greenhouse study conducted at the Experimental Farm, Lennoxville, Quebec, P2O5 and K2O were applied separately at rates of 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 pounds per acre and in all combinations to surface samples of two soil types prior to seeding alfalfa. Nine cuttings were taken and fertilizer treatments were re-applied every three cuttings.On Greensboro loam soil, an initial application of 180 pounds of P2O5 per acre at seeding time followed by applications of 120 pounds after the third and sixth cuttings were necessary for continued yields of alfalfa. On Coaticook silt loam soil, little was gained in yield increases from P2O5 applications higher than 60 pounds per acre. Both soils contained, at the beginning of the investigation, sufficient amounts of available potassium for the proper establishment and satisfactory growth of alfalfa. As cropping continued, the needs for applied potassium increased markedly. Yields increased with increasing levels of K2O; however, the response to potassium was more pronounced on Greensboro loam soil than on Coaticook silt loam soil.The Ca content in alfalfa was affected little by phosphorus fertilization but decreased with the potassium supply. The P content increased with increasing rates of phosphorus fertilizer and decreased with increasing rates of potassium fertilizer. The per cent K increased with increasing rates of potassium application and decreased with increasing rates of phosphorus application.
EFFECTS OF SOME TRACE ELEMENTS ON GRASS AND LEGUME PRODUCTION IN NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: Smeltzer G. G. , Langille W. M. , MacLean K. S.
Published: March 2010

In a field experiment, conducted on four different soil types, trace elements cobalt, zinc, manganese, copper, sodium and molybdenum were applied by sprayer to a grass-legume sward in late September in both 1955 and 1956. Treatment differences were evaluated in terms of total dry matter production and by the chemical composition of the plant tissue. The elements applied were detectable in plant tissue, but herbage yields were not affected. Apparently the trace elements in these different soil types were in the range of sufficiency for maximum herbage production.
EFFECTS OF SPRING BURNING AND INSECTICIDES ON THE SUPERB PLANT BUG, ADELPHOCORIS SUPERBUS (UHL.), AND ASSOCIATED FAUNA IN ALFALFA SEED FIELDS
Authors: Lilly C. E. , Hobbs G. A.
Published: March 2010

Through spring burning of the plant debris in an alfalfa field effectively controlled an economic infestation of the superb plant bug, Adelphocoris superbus (Uhl.). It also destroyed two predators, Phymata fasciata (Gray) and Sinea diadema (F.), that overwinter in the egg stage in alfalfa fields. Burning reduced the severity of black stem, yellow-leaf blotch, and common leaf spot and produced a healthier stand and higher seed yield of alfalfa.Infestations of A. superbus were significantly reduced with a single application of either toxaphene at 0.4 to 1.0 pound of toxicant per acre or DDT at 0.3 or 0.5 pound per acre, applied as a spray after many of the overwintering eggs had hatched. Predacious insects did not seem to be adversely affected.
HERBICIDAL EFFECTS OF TCA AND DALAPON ON FLAX
Authors: Henne R. C. , Friesen G.
Published: March 2010

The herbicidal effects of TCA (trichloroacetic acid) and dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) on three flax varieties (Marine, Redwood and Raja) were studied in 1958 and 1959. Morphological deformities, seed yield, oil content, iodine values and seed viability were used to measure the tolerance of flax to these herbicides.In 1958, TCA and dalapon applied at the recommended rates of 4 pounds and 1 pound per acre, respectively, did not result in appreciable injury to flax plants. In 1959, comparable treatments reduced yields significantly and in several instances lowered the oil content and iodine values. TCA applied at 8 pounds per acre and dalapon applied at 3 pounds per acre resulted in considerable crop injury in both years. Stage of flax growth at time of treatment did not appear to influence the degree of injury. No consistent differences in the tolerance of flax varieties were apparent with respect to the factors studied. TCA treatments were, in general, less injurious than dalapon treatments.
CYTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE HERBICIDE "AVADEX"
Authors: Morrison J. W.
Published: March 2010

When dry seeds of several crops were placed in aqueous solutions of "Avadex", at high concentrations, germination was inhibited. Growth at lower doses was proportional to the dose although after germinating most plants died. The cytological behavior in meristematic regions was similarly correlated. At high doses mitosis was blocked; at lower doses it proceeded temporarily though frequently in an abnormal manner. Polyploid cells were induced in wheat and barley. Contrary to expected results, no chromosome breakage was observed.