bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling actinic flux and photolysis frequencies in dense biomass burning plumes
Authors: Tirpitz Jan-Lukas , Colosimo Santo Fedele , Brockway Nathaniel , Spurr Robert , Christi Matt , Hall Samuel , Ullmann Kirk , Hair Johnathan , Shingler Taylor , Weber Rodney , Dibb Jack , Moore Richard , Wiggins Elizabeth , Natraj Vijay , Theys Nicolas , Stutz Jochen
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Biomass-burning (BB) affects air quality and climate by releasing large amounts of gaseous and particulate pollutants into the atmosphere. Photochemical processing during daylight transforms these emissions, influencing their overall environmental impact. Accurately quantifying the photochemical drivers, namely actinic flux and photolysis frequencies, is crucial to constrain this chemistry. However, the complex radiative transfer within BB plumes presents a significant challenge for both direct observations and numerical models. This study introduces an expanded version of the 1D VLIDORT-QS radiative transfer (RT) model, named VLIDORT for PhotoChemistry (VPC). VPC is designed for photochemical and remote sensing applications, particularly in BB plumes and other complex scenarios. To validate VPC and investigate photochemical conditions within BB plumes, the model was used to simulate spatial distributions of actinic fluxes and photolysis frequencies for the Shady wildfire (Idaho, US, 2019), based on plume composition data from the NOAA/NASA FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality) campaign. Comparison between modeling results and observations by the UCAR CAFS (Charged-coupled device Actinic Flux Spectro-radiometer) yield a modeling accuracy of 10–20 %. Systematic biases between model and observations are within 2 %, indicating that the uncertainties are most likely due to variability in the input data caused by the inhomogeneity of the plume as well as 3D RT effects not captured in the model. Random uncertainties are largest in the ultra-violet (UV) spectral range, where they are dominated by uncertainties in the plume particle size distribution and brown carbon (BrC) absorptive properties. The modeled actinic fluxes show a decrease from the plume top to bottom of the plume with a strong spectral dependence caused by BrC absorption, which darkens the plume towards shorter wavelengths. In the visible (Vis) spectral range, actinic fluxes above the plume are enhanced by up to 60 %. In contrast, in the UV, actinic fluxes above the plume are not affected or even reduced by up to 10 %. Strong reductions exceeding an order of magnitude in and below the plume occur for both spectral ranges but are more pronounced in the UV.
Accurate Elucidation of Oxidation Under Heavy Ozone Pollution: A Full Suite of Radical Measurement In the Chemical-complex Atmosphere
Authors: Hu Renzhi , Zhang Guoxian , Cai Haotian , Guo Jingyi , Lu Keding , Li Xin , Lou Shengrong , Tan Zhaofeng , Hu Changjin , Xie Pinhua , Liu Wenqing
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The Yangze River Delta (YRD) in China encountered with prolonged ozone pollution in September 2020, which had significant impacts on the respiratory, dermatological, and visual health of local residents. To accurately elucidate the limitations of oxidation processes in the chemical-complex atmosphere, a full suite of radical measurements (OH, HO2, RO2, and kOH) was established in YRD region for the first time. The diurnal peaks of radicals exhibited considerable variation due to environmental factors, showing ranges of 3.6 to 27.1×106 cm-3 for OH, 2.1 to 33.2×108 cm-3 for HO2, and 4.9 to 30.5×108 cm-3 for RO2. At a heavy ozone pollution episode, the oxidation capacity reached an intensive level compared with other sites, and the simulated OH, HO2, and RO2 radicals provided by the RACM2-LIM1 mechanism failed to adequately match the observed data both in concentration and coordinate ratios. Sensitivity tests based on the full suite of radical measurement revealed that the X mechanism accelerated OH regeneration, and the introduction of larger RO2 isomerization steps alleviated the RO2-related imbalance by 2 to 4 times. The hypothesis of sensitivity analysis can be chemically validated by the special HCHO contribution to oxidation. Constraining HCHO increased the ChL from 1.94 to 4.45, leading to a 51.54 % increase in ozone production during the heavy pollution. The incorporation of complex processes enabled better coordination of HO2/OH, RO2/OH, and HO2/RO2 ratios comparable to the observed values, and adequately addressed the deficiency in the ozone generation mechanism within a certain range. The full-chain radical detection untangled a gap-bridge between the photochemistry and the intensive oxidation level in the chemical-complex atmosphere, enabling a deeper understanding of the tropospheric radical chemistry at play.
Turbulent dissipation from AMAZOMIX off the Amazon shelf along internal tides paths
Authors: Kouogang Fabius , Koch-Larrouy Ariane , Magalhaes Jorge , Costa da Silva Alex , Kerhervé Daphne , Bertrand Arnaud , Cervelli Evan , Ternon Jean-François , Rousselot Pierre , Lee James , Rollnic Marcelo , Araujo Moacyr
Published: August 2024

Abstract. The Amazon shelf-break is a key region of the ocean where strong internal tides (ITs) are generated, which may have a key role to play on both Climate and Ecosystem, via its vertical mixing. AMAZOMIX survey (2021) collected microstructure and hydrographic (ADCP/CTD-O2) profiles to quantify mixing, associated processes and their impact on marine ecosystems. Measurements are obtained over M2 tidal period (12 h) inside and outside of both the ITs generation sites and propagation beams, respectively at mode-1 distances (90 km and 210 km) from the shelf-break to evaluate the IT impact on mixing. Hydrography analysis showed strong step-like characteristics (~20–40 m thick) and vertical displacements (20–60 m) triggered by ITs, as well as the signatures of high modes up to 5–6 on generation sites and IT pathways. The results of the microstructure analysis coupled with those of the hydrography revealed important mixing associated with a competition of processes between the semidiurnal shear of ITs and the baroclinic shear of the mean current (BC). Closer to the generation sites, mixing is stronger within [10-6,10-4] W.kg-1, with a greater contribution (~65 %) from ITs shear than BC shear. It is reduced but nevertheless considerable between [10-8, 10-6] W.kg-1 along the IT pathways, owing to equal contributions from ITs and BC shear. At a distance of ~225 km, mixing was still higher within [10-7,10-6] W.kg-1 because of the increased contribution (~65 %) of ITs shear, where IT beams may intersect and interact with background circulation. Mixing in no-tidal fields was fairly minimal ([10-8,10-7] W.kg-1), owing to a minor contribution (~50.4 %) of BC shear from the North Brazil Current. Finally, the nutrient flux estimations showed that ITs mixing could reach the surface (by a large tidal diffusivity of [10-4,10-1] m-2.s-1). This resulted in high vertical fluxes of nitrate ([10-2, 10-0] mmol N m-2.s-1) and phosphate ([10-3, 10-1] mmol P m-2.s-1), which can stimulate chlorophyll production, biodiversity and cool surface water, so influencing the whole ecosystem and climate in this river-ocean continuum region. This study provides a guide for the mixing parameterization in future numerical simulation (e.g., in physical-biogeochemical coupled models) in the Amazon region in order to include the impact of the IT turbulence on the whole ecosystem (i.e., from physics to biological production).
Soil conditioner mixtures as an agricultural management alternative to mitigate drought impacts
Authors: Dueñas Juan F. , Kunze Edda , Li Huiying , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Agricultural activities in the northeastern German plains are at risk due to climate change. Soil amendment with conditioners that improve water storage is a plausible alternative to mitigate such risks. While single conditioner additions to soil can be positive, doubts regarding their individual scalability have been raised. An unexplored alternative is to apply multiple conditioners as mixtures, thus reducing individual application rates while harnessing possible complementarities derived from the interaction of diverse conditioner types. Here we report evidence suggesting that the addition of conditioner blends leads to significant improvements in soil properties not observed with single conditioner additions.
Bivalve monitoring over French coasts: multi-decadal records of carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic ratios (δ13C, δ15N and C:N) as ecological indicators of global change
Authors: Liénart Camilla , Fournioux Alan , Garbaras Andrius , Blanchet Hugues , Briant Nicolas , Dubois Stanislas F. , Gangnery Aline , Grouhel Pellouin Anne , Le Monier Pauline , Lheureux Arnaud , de Montaudouin Xavier , Savoye Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Recent changes in climate and environment, influenced by both global and local factors, have had profound impacts on coastal ecosystem functioning and trajectories. By examining archived samples from ongoing ecological monitoring efforts, particularly focusing on bivalves like mussels and oysters, we gain a valuable long-term perspective on how ecosystems are responding at various scales. We conducted analyses on carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic ratios (C:N, δ13C, δ15N) of mussel and oyster soft tissues collected annually at 33 sites along the French coast from 1981 to 2021. This extensive dataset (https://doi.org/10.17882/100583, Liénart et al., 2024a) offers a comprehensive view spanning multiple decades and ecosystems, allowing to track how coastal ecosystems and marine species record changing climate, physical-chemical environments and organic matter cycles. Additionally, these data are crucial for establishing isotope baselines for studying food webs. Ultimately, this data set provide valuable information for more effective ecosystem conservation and management strategies in our rapidly changing world.
Development of a plant carbon–nitrogen interface coupling framework in a coupled biophysical-ecosystem–biogeochemical model (SSiB5/TRIFFID/DayCent-SOM v1.0)
Authors: Xiang Zheng , Xue Yongkang , Guo Weidong , Hartman Melannie D. , Liu Ye , Parton William J.
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Plant and microbial nitrogen (N) dynamics and N availability regulate the photosynthetic capacity and capture, allocation, and turnover of carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems. Studies have shown that a wide divergence in representations of N dynamics in land surface models leads to large uncertainties in the biogeochemical cycle of terrestrial ecosystems and then in climate simulations as well as the projections of future trajectories. In this study, a plant C–N interface coupling framework is developed and implemented in a coupled biophysical-ecosystem–biogeochemical model (SSiB5/TRIFFID/DayCent-SOM v1.0). The main concept and structure of this plant C–N framework and its coupling strategy are presented in this study. This framework takes more plant N-related processes into account. The dynamic C/N ratio (CNR) for each plant functional type (PFT) is introduced to consider plant resistance and adaptation to N availability to better evaluate the plant response to N limitation. Furthermore, when available N is less than plant N demand, plant growth is restricted by a lower maximum carboxylation capacity of RuBisCO (Vc,max), reducing gross primary productivity (GPP). In addition, a module for plant respiration rates is introduced by adjusting the respiration with different rates for different plant components at the same N concentration. Since insufficient N can potentially give rise to lags in plant phenology, the phenological scheme is also adjusted in response to N availability. All these considerations ensure a more comprehensive incorporation of N regulations to plant growth and C cycling. This new approach has been tested systematically to assess the effects of this coupling framework and N limitation on the terrestrial carbon cycle. Long-term measurements from flux tower sites with different PFTs and global satellite-derived products are employed as references to assess these effects. The results show a general improvement with the new plant C–N coupling framework, with more consistent emergent properties, such as GPP and leaf area index (LAI), compared to the observations. The main improvements occur in tropical Africa and boreal regions, accompanied by a decrease in the bias in global GPP and LAI by 16.3 % and 27.1 %, respectively.
Exploring the use of seasonal forecasts to adapt flood insurance premiums
Authors: Nguyen Viet Dung , Aerts Jeroen , Tesselaar Max , Botzen Wouter , Kreibich Heidi , Alfieri Lorenzo , Merz Bruno
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Insurance is an important element of flood risk management, providing financial compensation after disastrous losses. In a competitive market, insurers need to base their premiums on the most accurate risk estimation. To this end, (recent) historic loss data are used. However, climate variability can substantially affect flood risk, and anticipating such variations could provide a competitive gain. For instance, for a year with higher flood probabilities, the insurer might raise premiums to hedge against the increased risk or communicate the increased risk to policyholders, encouraging risk-reduction measures. In this explorative study, we investigate how seasonal flood forecasts could be used to adapt flood insurance premiums on an annual basis. In an application for Germany, we apply a forecasting method that predicts winter flood probability distributions conditioned on the catchment wetness in the season ahead. The deviation from the long term is used to calculate deviations in expected annual damage, which serve as input into an insurance model to compute deviations in household insurance premiums for the upcoming year. Our study suggests that the temporal variations in flood probabilities are substantial, leading to significant variations in flood risk and premiums. As our models are based on a range of assumptions and as the skill of seasonal flood forecasts is still limited, particularly in central Europe, our study is seen as the first demonstration of how seasonal forecasting could be combined with risk and insurance models to inform the (re-)insurance sector about upcoming changes in risk.
Overflowing the Channels of the Left
Authors: Burridge Daniel Patrick
Published: August 2024

In 2012, the “climate hotspot” region of the “Bajo Lempa” in El Salvador was the recipient of a Millennium Challenge Account (MCA) Fund granted by the United States and administered by the leftist FMLN political party to bring “sustainable development” to the region. Local organizations initially pursued funding opportunities through this mega-project though their efforts were unsuccessful, thereby undercutting subsequent campaigns to resist the project for its environmental risks. Remaining pockets of resistance were undermined by gang violence directed at key community leaders, seemingly at the behest of local oligarchs. Thus, an interlocking web of political-economic obstacles blocked communal agency to forge alternative climate futures. By analytically foregrounding the meso-level relationships between community-based environmental movements and leftist-controlled state institutions subordinated to global logics of accumulation, I distill the contradictions inherent to anthropocentric state forms, and the inability of the Latin American left to incorporate environmental concerns into their projects of governance. Ultimately, I argue that despite their inability to halt the MCA, the political and agro-ecological practices of communities in the Bajo Lempa “overflow” channels of the Latin American left and instantiate communal projects of resource governance as horizons of climate change adaptation, and radically democratic forms of governing social life.
Development of a Biodegradable Delivery Device to Administer Vaccines to Animals: A Livestock and Wildlife Model
Authors:   , McCarthy Freya
Published: August 2024

This thesis was a step forward in developing delayed vaccine delivery devices for livestock and wildlife to replace the need for booster doses. This will effectively reduce the amount of handling of animals and in turn reduce the stress they face during vaccination. This thesis investigated how a biodegradable vaccine delivery device induces full immunity in sheep and determined a way to measure vaccine thermostability for prolonged exposure to body temperature. This thesis focused on optimising the vaccine delivery device for future use in koalas to combat the decimating effects Chlamydia has on the Queensland population.
Unveiling the Tumour Microenvironment: A Multi-Omics Machine Learning Approach for Personalised Cancer Treatment
Authors:   , v Khoa
Published: August 2024

Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease, which poses a challenge for precision oncology. This thesis aims to advance precision oncology by improving treatment response prediction. The project leveraged genomic, transcriptomic, and histopathology data to capture the characteristics of cancer cells and the environment surrounding them. These heterogeneity features were integrated into two multi-omic machine learning models to predict responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients and immunotherapy in melanoma patients. To address the "black-box" nature of machine learning, explainability methods were employed to facilitate feature selection and rationalise test predictions, which suggested future potential for combination therapy selection.
Analisis Penyelesaian Sengketa Jasa Konstruksi pada Proyek Pembangunan Pasar Rakyat Pontolo Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Latada Helmi , Ashad Hanafi , Musa Ratna
Published: August 2024

Pekerjaan konstruksi secara teknis dalam pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah merupakan pekerjaan insfrastruktur Pembangunan yang pelaksanaannya dimulai dari proses identifikasi kebutuhan, sampai dengan serah terima hasil pekerjaan, yang dibiayai oleh APBN/APBD. Kenaikan Kontribusi konstruksi yang sangat signifikan perlu diwaspadai terhadap fenomena yang berpotensi memicu peningkatan permasalahan sengketa konstruksi (construction dispute). Beberapa kasus berdasarkan data BANI sektor konstruksi terus mendominasi kasus persengkataan yang diselesaikan mencapai 30,8%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya sengketa konstruksi karena berdasarkan hasil dari pemeriksa ahli teknis ditemukan kondisi bangunan tidak memenuhi persyaratan kekuatan dan kekokohan, sehingga masuk dalam kategori gagal bangunan dan gagal konstruksi. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan dalam penyelesaian sengketa dapat ditempuh lembaga diluar pengadilan (non-Litigasi) dengan azas praduga tidak bersalah dengan ultimum remedium yaitu berdasarkan UU Jasa Konstruksi Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 sudah mengatur pilihan penyelesaian sengketa konstruksi dengan berdasarkan Pasal 8 UU Jasa Konstruksi.
Evaluasi Kinerja Struktur Beton Bertulang Dengan Pushover Analysis Berdasarkan ATC-40, FEMA 356 dan FEMA 440
Authors: Afiah Indah Nur , Ashad Hanafi , Junaedy Rahman Mohammad
Published: August 2024

Berdasarkan Peta Sumber Bahaya Gempa Indonesia tahun 2017, Kota Palu termasuk salah satu kota yang memiliki potensi gempa sangat tinggi. Dalam penentuan tingkat kinerja Gedung UPT- UPBJJ Universitas Terbuka Palu digunakan konsep evaluasi seismik berbasis kinerja (Performance Based Seismic Evaluation) dengan analisis pushover menggunakan program SAP2000) berdasarkan SNI 1726 : 2019, ATC-40, FEMA 356 dan FEMA 440 dengan memberikan pola beban lateral statik pada struktur dan meningkatkan faktor pengali secara bertahap sampai target perpindahan lateral dari suatu titik acuan tercapai. Hasil simpangan total maksimum menggunakan Metode ATC-40 adalah sebesar 0.0101 m untuk Arah-X dan 0.0081 m untuk Arah-Y sehingga tingkat kinerja struktur berada pada level Damage Control yang menunjukkan bahwa bangunan masih mampu menahan gempa yang terjadi dan resiko korban jiwa manusia sangat rendah. Untuk nilai target perpindahan, hasil evaluasi untuk Metode FEMA 356 diperoleh sebesar 0.1123 m untuk Arah-X dan 0.1401 m untuk Arah-Y serta drift aktual pada masing-masing arah sebesar 1.250% dan 1.556%, sedangkan untuk Metode FEMA 440 diperoleh nilai target perpindahan sebesar 0.1721 m untuk Arah-X dan 0.1787 m untuk Arah-Y serta drift aktual pada masing-masing arah sebesar 1.910% dan 1.990% maka tingkat kinerja struktur yang didapatkan berada pada level Life Safety yang menunjukkan bahwa pada saat struktur menerima beban gempa bangunan mengalami kerusakan komponen struktural dan non-struktural namun masih dapat difungsikan kembali setelah dilakukan perbaikan dan resiko korban jiwa diperkirakan rendah.
Analysis of Understanding Mathematical Concepts in Junior High School Students on Integer Operation Material
Authors: Pratiwi Erieza Dwi , Shodikin Ali
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the conceptual understanding of students in junior high school in solving historical problems. The subjects of this study were students of Class VII Lamongan. The method used in this research is qualitative. Data collection techniques used are test and interview techniques. After the tests and interviews, there was 1 student with good grades, 2 students with good grades, and 1 student with bad grades, the average was 70%. Students with good category understanding can represent a concept in various mathematical representations, reformat a concept, and classify objects according to certain properties according to the concept. Eligible students can represent a concept in various mathematical representations and reformat a concept. And low-ability students can only present concepts in various forms of mathematical representation.
   Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemahaman konseptual siswa sekolah menengah pertama dalam menyelesaikan masalah sejarah. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VII Lamongan. Metode yang  digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik tes dan wawancara. Setelah dilakukan tes dan wawancara, terdapat 1 siswadengan nilai baik, 2 siswa dengan nilai baik dan 1 siswa dengan nilai buruk, rata-ratanya  adalah 70%. Siswa dengan pemahaman kategori yang  baik dapat merepresentasikan suatu konsep dalam berbagai representasi matematis, memformat ulang suatu konsep, dan mengklasifikasikan objek menurut sifat-sifat tertentu sesuai dengan konsep tersebut. Siswa yang memenuhi syarat dapat merepresentasikan suatu konsep dalam berbagai representasi matematis dan memformat ulang suatu konsep. Dan  siswa berkemampuan rendah hanya dapat menyajikan konsep dalam berbagai bentuk representasi matematis.
Polinomial Kromatik Graf Bunga
Authors: Narendra Risang
Published: August 2024

In this study, the class of a graph called Flower Graph was discussed. Flower Graph is a special way in a graphic. A graph G is called a flower chart-. This graph will be symbolized by . Then, it is defined by a flower chart-, with the petal to which  in a flower graph-, by -petal removed, for . Flower graphics-: with petal as much as  is denoted by .
Chromatic polynomial  is the amount of forms to color the point in graph G with  color, where there are no two points that fit to obtain the same color. In the end, using the reduction theorem, the chromatic polynomial theorem of the Sikel chart and the chromatic polynomial graphic of the chromatic polynomial tree of a flower chart obtained.
PERENCANAAN SISTEM PEMADAM KEBAKARAN PADA KAPAL PENYELAMAT
Authors: Sumardiyanto Didit , Susilowati Sri Endah
Published: August 2024

Pada setiap kapal selalu dilengkapi dengan alat proteksi untuk mencegah terjadinya kebakaran, terutama untuk kapal besar. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengatasi jika terjadi kebakaran kecil di ruang kapal sebelum menjadi kebakaran besar. Akan tetapi kalau api sudah terlampau besar, maka system pemadam kebakaran internal di kapal tidak mampu lagi mengatasinya. Untuk itu diperlukan pemadam kebakaran dari luar kapal. Untuk itu diperlukan adanya kapal pemadam kebakaran untuk memadamkan api pada kapal yang terbakar.Untuk menghasilkan sebuah kapal pemadam, maka diperlukan beberapa data atau batasan kinerja sistem pemadam kebakaran sehingga dapat dihasilkan spesifikasi dari kemampuan kapal pemadam dalam menyemprotkan air ke kapal yang terbakar. Dari hasil perencanaan diperoleh bahwa untuk mendapatkan jangkauan penyemprotan sejauh 150m dengan kapasitas semburan sebesar 120m3/h, pompa harus memiliki minimal Total head 101.05m. Daya yang dibutuhkan untuk penggerak pompa adalah sebesar 474.5kW
Impact on Consumption Propensity and Satisfaction According to MZ Generation Lifestyle: Focused on Skin Care Users
Authors: Shin Yeon-Su , Kim Jeong-A , Oh Su-Yeon
Published: August 2024

This study was conducted to determine the impact on lifestyle, skin care consumption tendency, and purchase satisfaction among men and women living in Busan and Gyeongnam regions who have experience using skin care salons among the MZ generation, and to investigate the mediating effect of skin care consumption tendency. Empirical analysis was conducted. The final analysis was conducted on 286 of the 289 collected survey responses, excluding 3 inappropriate ones. The results of this study are as follows. The MZ generation lifestyle was found to partially affect skin care consumption propensity and satisfaction. However, skin care consumption propensity played a mediating role, showing a positive relationship between MZ generation lifestyle and satisfaction. The implications suggest the importance of increasing customer satisfaction through segmentation according to the various characteristics of the MZ generation’s lifestyle and the consumption propensity of the MZ generation in order to further activate the use of skin care salons by the MZ generation.
A Study on the Design of Facial Recognition and Classification Model Using Eye and Eyebrow Features: Focusing on Objectivity in Providing Physiognomic Information
Authors: Park Jeong-Shin
Published: August 2024

With the rising societal interest and discussions around physiognomy, there is a growing emphasis on improving first impressions through the representation of facial images from a physiognomic perspective. Concurrently, there is an increasing demand for technologies that can automatically recognize and classify faces in photographs and videos. The purpose of this study is to design a facial recognition and classification model by utilizing the features of the eyes and eyebrows based on physiognomy. The study method involves analyzing physiognomic characteristics, identifying the names and positions of various parts of the eyes and eyebrows, and representing these features with coordinate values for mathematical verification. Features were measured on facial photographs using the ruler tool in Adobe Photoshop and then converted into ratios. Additionally, design aspects related to the shapes of the eyes and eyebrows were informed by the opinions of five makeup experts. The validation based on eyebrow shapes indicated the possibility of objectively quantifying faces with wide or narrow brows, as well as determining facial features based on eyebrow length and thickness. To validate based on the distance between the eyes, an analysis was conducted to distinguish faces with wide-set eyes from those with close-set eyes. Shapes between the eyes and eyebrows were classified and the results confirmed the feasibility of mathematical calculations for the distance between them. Based on these findings, the significance of this study is in presenting the feasibility of establishing criteria based on the shapes of eyes and eyebrows through geometric principles and mathematical equations. Furthermore, the objective facial analysis methods validated in this study could potentially enhance facial recognition systems and contribute to accessing facial analysis and physiognomic information in online users.
A Social Network Analysis of the Changes in Tattoo Acceptance in Contemporary Korean Society from the 1990s to the Post-2000s
Authors: Seo Ran-Sug
Published: August 2024

This study explores the changing societal perceptions of tattoos in South Korea from the 1990s through the post-2000s. By utilizing big data from January 1, 1990, to December 31, 2023, the research aims to understand the evolution of cultural and social attitudes towards tattoos over these decades. The methodology centers around text mining to extract significant keywords and employs social network analysis to map out the relationships and relevance of these terms within the societal context. In the 1990s, the analysis identifies “Cultural Change,” “Individualism,” “Social Integration,” and “Freedom” as key terms. These keywords reflect the societal and cultural shifts of the era, marked by rapid technological advancements and changes in cultural perspectives, highlighting a period of significant transformation where traditional norms began to be questioned. The 2000s show a distinct shift in perception, with “Modernity,” “Globalization,” and “Cultural Acceptance” becoming dominant. This period is characterized by increased global connectivity and technological progress, influencing the broader acceptance of tattoos as elements of individual identity and expression. The findings indicate that tattoos moved from being merely personal adornments to significant markers of personal freedom and identity, paralleling broader trends of cultural openness and diversity acceptance. The comparative analysis across the decades shows how the perception of tattoos transitioned from negative in the 1990s to more positive in the 2000s. Keywords such as “Modernity” and “Globalization” underscore a society embracing technological progress and global cultural exchanges, where tattoos symbolize personal freedom and a global cultural dialogue. This study provides insights into the socio-cultural dynamics of tattoo acceptance in South Korea, tracing the trajectory from predominantly negative perceptions to increasingly positive views. It reveals how tattoos, once seen as stigmatized, have gradually emerged as symbols of individuality and cultural openness, mirroring changing norms and the growing integration of global cultural trends into South Korean society. Overall, the research highlights a significant transformation in the social perception of tattoos, driven by shifting cultural norms, technological advancements, and globalization. These changes not only reflect evolving aesthetic preferences but also deeper societal transformations concerning personal identity, cultural expression, and acceptance. The findings offer valuable insights for academics, policymakers, and cultural practitioners interested in the evolving social landscapes.
A Study on Self-Direction, Learning Satisfaction, and Learning Outcomes in Design Thinking-Based Cosmetology Major Classes
Authors: Kim Sun-Hyoung
Published: August 2024

This study is an empirical analysis of how beauty major classes based on design thinking teaching methods affect self-direction ability, learning satisfaction, and learning outcomes. As a result of the study, self-direction, learning satisfaction, and learning performance improved compared to before the design thinking-based beauty major class, and learning attachment, self-confidence, openness, responsibility ∙ autonomy for each sub-factor of self-direction showed a statistically significant positive (+) with learning satisfaction. It was found that there was a correlation, and learning attachment, self-confidence, openness, responsibility ∙ autonomy for each sub-factor of self-direction were found to have a statistically significant positive (+) correlation with learning performance. Additionally, learning satisfaction was found to have a statistically significant positive (+) correlation with learning outcomes. As a result of conducting multiple regression analysis to verify the effect of self-direction on learning satisfaction and learning performance, learning attachment, responsibility ∙ autonomy, and openness for each sub-factor of self-direction are important factors in learning satisfaction, and self-direction is an important factor in learning performance. Openness and self-confidence were found to be important factors for each subfactor of initiative. As a result of conducting a simple regression analysis to verify the effect of learning satisfaction on learning performance, it was found that learning satisfaction is an important factor in learning performance. This study targeted 4th graders at a specific school, and a small number of people were selected as subjects, so it is difficult to generalize. Future research targeting a larger number of students and applying it to various classes will be needed.
A Study on Beauty Specialization High School Students’ Makeup Status, Cosmetic Safety Use Education Experience and Needs, Self-Esteem, and Educational Satisfaction
Authors: Choi Eun-Me , Kim Sun-Hyoung
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to help students understand makeup in adolescence, recognize the need for education on the safe use of cosmetics, and improve the content of NCS-based beauty education. As a result of the study, it was found that students in beauty specialized high schools use basic cosmetics more than color or functional cosmetics, 58.7% have no experience in education on the safe use of cosmetics, and 68.8% think that education on the safe use of cosmetics is necessary and want to be educated at school. In terms of self-esteem, self-esteem was higher in the third grade, when they wore makeup frequently, and when they received education on the safe use of cosmetics at school. In the case of 1st and 3rd graders, those who used a lot of basic and functional cosmetics and received education on the safe use of cosmetics at school were more satisfied with their education. If you think that education on the safe use of cosmetics is not very necessary, the high self-esteem and satisfaction of the education can be attributed to the fact that you have already received education on the safe use of cosmetics through classes. As a result of the correlation analysis between self-esteem and educational satisfaction, it was found that the subfactors of self-esteem and the subfactors of educational satisfaction were significantly positive (+) correlated, and it was confirmed that self-esteem had an effect on educational satisfaction through multiple regression analysis.
The Effect of Relationship Benefits of Small Beauty Expert Shop on Trust and Long-Term Relationship Orientation
Authors: Lee Ah-Reum , Lee In-Hee
Published: August 2024

This study analyzed the effects of relational benefits on trust and long-term relationship orientation of small beauty expert shop. From May 22 to June 11, 2024, a survey was conducted targeting total 244 female domestic consumers in their 20s-50s who had used small-sized beauty shops(1-4 persons) in the Seoul metropolitan area for three months or more. In the results of this study, the subfactors of relational benefits such as social benefit, economic benefit, psychological benefit, and informational benefit had statistically significant effects on trust and long-term relationship orientation. This verifies that the rational service customized for customers’ needs and budget, personalized service, and service that strengthens psychological stability have positive effects on trust and long-term relationship orientation by strengthening tie with customers. Thus, this study aims to provide basic data for the sustainable development of the beauty industry, and also to contribute to presenting the differentiated marketing strategic direction for improving the management environment of competitive small beauty expert shop and also building relationships with customers.
A Study on the Characteristics of Beauty Shop Choice, and the Influence and Moderating Effect of Beauty Consumption Value on the Behavioral Intention to Use Beauty Services of M and Z Generation
Authors: Song Yeon-Sook
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the behavioral characteristics of choice and use of beauty shop by M and Z generation women living in the Daejeon and Chungcheong areas, and the influence and moderating effect of beauty service quality consumption value on behavioral intention to use of beauty shop service. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire method, and analyzed through SPSS 28.0, and the results are as follows. It was found that there were some differences between M and Z generations in the behavioral characteristics of beauty shop choice and use depending on the factors. In particular, the practitioner’s ability was found to be a very important factor in choosing and using a beauty shop for both the M and Z generation. In the difference in the degree of perception of the consumption value of beauty services, the functional value was higher in Z generation(M=4.11) than in M generation(M=3.92), and the economic value was higher in M generation(M=3.37) than in Z generation(M=3.07). In the correlation analysis between the consumption value of beauty services and the behavioral intention to use of beauty shop services, there was a positive(+) correlation. In addition, among the consumption values of beauty services, functional and self value were found to have a significant positive(+) effect on the intention to use of beauty shop services. And there was no moderating effect between M and Z generation variable in the relationship between beauty service consumption value and behavioral intention to use beauty shop services.
Effect of Job Exclusion on Job Turnover Intention of Hair Care Service Workers
Authors: Kim Kyoung-In
Published: August 2024

In this study, an empirical analysis was conducted to present the concept of job embeddedness called integrated zero power to reduce the turnover of hair care service workers and to find out the effect on turnover intention. The survey subjects are currently employees of hair care service companies, and an online survey was conducted from April 15, 2024 to April 30, 2024 to analyze the final 280 copies. As a result of the analysis, the sub-factors of job embeddedness within the organization, suitability, connection, and sacrifice were derived for job embeddedness recognized by hair care service workers, and suitability and sacrifice were derived for the sub-factors of job embeddedness outside the organization. The effect of job embeddedness within the organization on turnover intention is a factor that negatively affects turnover intention from suitability and sacrifice, and the higher the awareness of stability and benefits within the organization, the lower the turnover intention. The effect of extra-organizational job embeddedness on turnover intention is a factor that negatively affects turnover intention from suitability to turnover intention, and the more stable the residential condition is, the lower the turnover intention. In this study, a study on ways to manage turnover in the beauty industry confirmed the effective results of job embeddedness management to lower turnover intention.
The Effect of the Use Satisfaction of Senior Using Beauty Stores on the Intention to Revisit
Authors: Kim Hyeon-Gyeong , Baek Won-Jin
Published: August 2024

This study aims to provide basic data for establishing the marketing strategy of beauty store targeting the seniors by examining the effect of use satisfaction on revisit intention. This self-administered survey was conducted form May 25th and August 10th 2023. The subjects were 795 seniors (347 males and 448 females) aged over 50 years of age who use beauty stores were used as final analysis. We used SPSS 26.0 for statistical analysis including chi-square test, independent t-test, correlation test and regression analysis. In total subjects, 81.5% were married and 60.4% were subjects with earned income. 42.1% of the total subjects were satisfied with the beauty store they are currently using. As the most satisfying part of the beauty store, 35.0% of total subject were ‘accessibility of a store’ and ‘the professionalism of employees’ followed by 23.0%, and female were significantly more satisfied with employee expertise than male (p<.05). 57.4% of total subjects were willing to revisit the beauty store, followed by ‘the professionalism of employees’ with 26.9% and ‘accessibility of a store’ with 25.9% as the most important factor in the intention to revisit the beauty store. Customer satisfaction using beauty store had a significant positive relationship with revisit intention (p<.05). After adjustment of confounders, customer satisfaction had a significant positive effect on revisit intention (p<.05). The results suggest that measures to enhance the satisfaction of beauty store are urgently required for seniors, and it is expected to improve revisit intention.
Comparison of the Effects of Domestic and International Pore-Covering Primers Using Digital Imaging
Authors: Ma Seo-Yeong , Park Kun , Kim Jeong-Hee
Published: August 2024

This study included five representative pore-concealing primer cosmetics available on domestic and international markets to evaluate their safety and pore-concealing efficacy. Thirty participants in their 20s and 30s from Korean were enrolled. Safety assessments included skin irritation tests and human repeated insult patch tests. Pore-concealing efficacy was evaluated using digital imaging system (Visio FaceⓇ100D). As a result, no skin reactions from the participants were observed in the groups of five representative pore-concealing primer cosmetics. It was ensuring that they were safe for use on the skin. It showed that the pore-concealing effect of A company’s cosmetic is excellent after application evaluated by Visio FaceⓇ100D system and this difference was statistically significant. Digital image analysis is primarily used in skincare measurements as an objective and accurate assessment method, commonly applied in cosmetics efficacy evaluations. This study objectively demonstrated that pore primers have a temporary effect on filling pores. Furthermore, all pore primers tested in this experiment were confirmed to be safe for use. Future developments in pore primer products should consider integrating a cosmeceutical approach aimed at improving skin quality and reducing pore size, beyond mere pore concealing functionalities.
A Study on the Effect of Emotional Intelligence of Beauty Industry Professional on Emotional Dissonance and Job Satisfaction
Authors: Mun Ji-Eun , Park Eun-Jun
Published: August 2024

This study examines whether emotional intelligence varies depending on the general characteristics of beauty workers and analyzes the impact of such emotional intelligence on emotional discord and job satisfaction. In the beauty service industry, where emotional labor is inevitable, we expect positive effects on job satisfaction by emphasizing the importance of emotional intelligence and presenting education to enhance emotional intelligence. Through this, we expect to attract and train talented people in the beauty industry by responding psychologically flexibly to emotional discord. The data collected in this study were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v.29.0 statistical package program. First of all, the difference in emotional intelligence depending on the general characteristics of beauty workers was different in understanding and recognizing emotions depending on monthly income and final academic background, and in ability to adjust and utilize emotions according to the situation. Second, emotional intelligence’s emotional understanding had a significant effect on emotional discord. Third, emotional intelligence’s emotional understanding and emotional regulation had a significant impact on job satisfaction. Based on the results of this study, emotional intelligence can be improved through education and learning, and high emotional intelligence can respond better to emotional discord and maintain high job satisfaction. As a result, we expect beauty workers to develop positively with attachment and pride to the beauty industry, and furthermore, it is considered an important factor for satisfaction and happiness in life.
A Case Study on the Application of Beauty Industry Media Marketing Expert Training: Focusing on regional and industry-tailored job creation support projects
Authors: Park Hee-Young , Jung Sook-Heui
Published: August 2024

This study aims to improve the local employment environment and secure excellent talent by developing an education program that reflects regional characteristics and enhances satisfaction, based on the results of the ‘2023 Beauty Industry Media Marketing Expert Training’ project conducted by the Ministry of Employment and Labor. The necessity of the training was found to be 100%, and the validity of the education program was confirmed. The satisfaction survey conducted after the application of the program indicated very high satisfaction levels regarding the instructors’ expertise, the education program, and the lecture content, with the highest satisfaction reported in the understanding and practical training of social platform-based media marketing. Through this project, excellent professionals in beauty industry media marketing have been trained in the region, and the development of an education program reflecting the beauty industry and media marketing has resulted in a very high satisfaction rate, achieving a 100% success rate in employment and entrepreneurship. Future research is needed to verify the sustainability of the educational effects by continuously updating the education program and analyzing employment retention rates and job satisfaction.
Analysis of Haematological Parameters in Sickle Cell Trait and Sickle cell Disease patients of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Bhagat Sanjana
Published: August 2024

In this study, we examined the hematological parameters between sickle cell disease, sickle cell trait and control individuals. Haematological parameters were compare among SS, AS and AA groups. However, significant difference were observed for HbF ((p<0.000), Hb ((p<0.000) HCT ((p<0.000), MCV ((p<0.000), except for MCH (P=0.757). Haematological parameters were comparable among male and female in study groups. However, no significant difference were observed excluding in SS patient for MCH ((p<0.035), in AS patients for Hb (p< =0.009) and in control (AA) for Hb ((p<0.001) and HCT ((p<0.007). HbF levels were higher in SS (19.39±7.14) patients than AS (1.06±0.74) and control (0.12±0.1). Highly significant difference for HbF level ((p<0.000) was observed among these study groups. Furthermore, diverse ranges of HbF levels were also noted in present study.
Synthesis, Spectral, Chromatographic and Antimicrobial Studies of Transition Metal Complexes of Chromium (III) and Cobalt (II) Ions with Alprazolam Drug
Authors: Kant Bhardwaj Chandra , Chandra Talniya Naveen , Mishra Abhilasha , Pratap Singh Varun , Rafi Sana
Published: August 2024

In this research, Cr(III) and Cobalt (II) complexes were synthesized by a chemical reaction between metallic nitrate and ligand alprazolam and metal complexes with the expected formulas ‘‘[(L)M(NO3)3], [(L) M(NO3)2]’’in this formula M is Cr (III) and Co (II) accordingly and L is Alprazolam ligand. The characterization of complexes has been done by elemental analysis, IR studies, and thin-layer chromatography. Spectral studies of metal complexes of Cr (III) and Cobalt (II) depict the tridentate and bidentate nature with the drug alprazolam ligand. The present research showed that the antimicrobial activity of the Co (II) metal complex is greater than the Cr (III) metal complex. Metal complexes showed higher antimicrobial activity in comparison to the used ligand (Alprazolam).