bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A resource for assessing dynamic binary choices in the adult brain using EEG and mouse-tracking
Authors: Chen Kun , Wang Ruien , Huang Jiamin , Gao Fei , Yuan Zhen , Qi Yanyan , Wu Haiyan
Published: July 2022

We present a dataset combining high-density Electroencephalography (HD-EEG, 128-channels) and mouse-tracking intended as a resource for examining the dynamic decision process of semantics and preference choices in the human brain. The dataset includes resting-state and task-related (food preference choices and semantic judgments) EEG acquired from 31 individuals (ages: 18–33). Along with the dataset, we also provided the preliminary microstate analysis of resting-state EEG and the ERPs, topomap, and time-frequency maps of the task-related EEG. We believe that the simultaneous mouse-tracking and EEG recording would crack the core components of binary choices and further index the temporal dynamics of decision making and response hesitation. This publicly available dataset could support the development of neural signal processing methods in motor EEG, thus advancing research in both the decision neuroscience and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications.
Different colour predictions of facial preference by Caucasian and Chinese observers
Authors: Lu Yan , Xiao Kaida , Yang Jie , Pointer Michael , Li Changjun , Wuerger Sophie
Published: July 2022

Facial colour characteristics convey vital personal information and influence social interactions and mate choices as contributing factors to perceived beauty, health, and age. How various colour characteristics affect facial preference and whether there are cultural differences are not fully understood. Here, we provide a useful and repeatable methodology for skin colour research based on a realistic skin model to investigate the effect of various facial colour characteristics on facial preference and compare the role of colour predictors in Caucasian (CA) and Chinese (CN) samples. Our results show that, although the average skin colour of facial areas plays a limited role, together with colour variation and contrast, there are stronger links between colour and facial preference than previously revealed. We also find large cultural differences in facial colour perceptions; Chinese observers tend to rely more heavily on colour and lightness cues to judge facial preference than Caucasian observers.
Analysis of three-dimensional chromatin packing domains by chromatin scanning transmission electron microscopy (ChromSTEM)
Authors: Li Yue , Agrawal Vasundhara , Virk Ranya K. A. , Roth Eric , Li Wing Shun , Eshein Adam , Frederick Jane , Huang Kai , Almassalha Luay , Bleher Reiner , Carignano Marcelo A. , Szleifer Igal , Dravid Vinayak P. , Backman Vadim
Published: July 2022

Chromatin organization over multiple length scales plays a critical role in the regulation of transcription. Deciphering the interplay of these processes requires high-resolution, three-dimensional, quantitative imaging of chromatin structure in vitro. Herein, we introduce ChromSTEM, a method that utilizes high-angle annular dark-field imaging and tomography in scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with DNA-specific staining for electron microscopy. We utilized ChromSTEM for an in-depth quantification of 3D chromatin conformation with high spatial resolution and contrast, allowing for characterization of higher-order chromatin structure almost down to the level of the DNA base pair. Employing mass scaling analysis on ChromSTEM mass density tomograms, we observed that chromatin forms spatially well-defined higher-order domains, around 80 nm in radius. Within domains, chromatin exhibits a polymeric fractal-like behavior and a radially decreasing mass-density from the center to the periphery. Unlike other nanoimaging and analysis techniques, we demonstrate that our unique combination of this high-resolution imaging technique with polymer physics-based analysis enables us to (i) investigate the chromatin conformation within packing domains and (ii) quantify statistical descriptors of chromatin structure that are relevant to transcription. We observe that packing domains have heterogeneous morphological properties even within the same cell line, underlying the potential role of statistical chromatin packing in regulating gene expression within eukaryotic nuclei.
Spatial heterogeneity of air pollution statistics in Europe
Authors: He Hankun , Schäfer Benjamin , Beck Christian
Published: July 2022

Air pollution is one of the leading causes of death globally, and continues to have a detrimental effect on our health. In light of these impacts, an extensive range of statistical modelling approaches has been devised in order to better understand air pollution statistics. However, the time-varying statistics of different types of air pollutants are far from being fully understood. The observed probability density functions (PDFs) of concentrations depend very much on the spatial location and on the pollutant substance. In this paper, we analyse a large variety of data from 3544 different European monitoring sites and show that the PDFs of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide ($$NO_2$$

N

O
2

) and particulate matter ($$PM_{10}$$

P

M
10

and $$PM_{2.5}$$

P

M

2.5

) concentrations generically exhibit heavy tails and are asymptotically well approximated by q-exponential distributions with a given width parameter $$\lambda$$
λ
. We observe that the power-law parameter q and the width parameter $$\lambda$$
λ
vary widely for the different spatial locations. For each substance, we find different patterns of parameter clouds in the $$(q, \lambda )$$

(
q
,
λ
)

plane. These depend on the type of pollutants and on the environmental characteristics (urban/suburban/rural/traffic/industrial/background). This means the effective statistical physics description of air pollution exhibits a strong degree of spatial heterogeneity.
Identification of heavy metal pollutants and their sources in farmland: an integrated approach of risk assessment and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Tian Xiaosong , Xie Qing , Fan Min , Chai Guanqun , Li Guanghui
Published: July 2022

Investigation and assessment of farmland pollution require an efficient method to identify heavy metal (HM) pollutants and their sources. In this study, heavy metals (HMs) in farmland were determined efficiently using high-precision X-ray fluorescence (HDXRF) spectrometer. The potential ecological risk and health risk of HMs in farmland near eight villages of Wushan County in China were quantified using an integrated method of concentration-oriented risk assessment (CORA) and source-oriented risk assessment (SORA). The CORA results showed that Cd in farmland near the villages of Liuping (LP) and Jianping (JP) posed a “very high” potential ecological risk, which is mainly ascribed to soil Cd (single potential ecological risk index ($${E}_{r}^{i}$$

E

r

i

) of Cd in villages LP and JP, $${E}_{r}^{i}$$

E

r

i

= 2307 and 568 > 320). A “moderate” potential ecological risk was present in other six villages. The overall non-carcinogenic risk (hazard index (HI) = 1.2 > 1) of HMs for children in village LP was unacceptable. The contributions of HMs decrease in the order of Cr > As > Cd > Pb > Ni > Cu > Zn. The total carcinogenic risk (TCR = 2.1 × 10–4 > 1.0 × 10–4) of HMs in village LP was unacceptable, with HMs contributions decreasing in the order of Cr > Ni > Cd > As > Pb. Furthermore, three source profiles were assigned by the positive matrix factorization: F1: agricultural activity; F2: geological anomaly originating from HMs-rich rocks; F3: the natural geological background. According to the results of SORA, F2 was the highest contributor to PER in village LP, up to 64.4%. Meanwhile, the contributions of three factors to HI in village LP were 19.0% (F1), 53.6% (F2), and 27.4% (F3), respectively. It is worth noting that TCR (1.2 × 10–4) from F2 surpassed the threshold of 1.0 × 10–4, with an unacceptable carcinogenic risk level. As mentioned above, the HM pollutants (i.e., Cd and Cr) and their main sources (i.e., F2) in this area should be considered. These results show that an integrated approach combining risk assessments with the determination of HM concentration and identification of HM source is effective in identifying HM pollutants and sources and provides a good methodological reference for effective prevention and control of HM pollution in farmland.
Time and phenotype-dependent transcriptome analysis in AAV-TGFβ1 and Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis models
Authors: Strobel Benjamin , Klein Holger , Leparc Germán , Stierstorfer Birgit E. , Gantner Florian , Kreuz Sebastian
Published: July 2022

We have previously established a novel mouse model of lung fibrosis based on Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated pulmonary overexpression of TGFβ1. Here, we provide an in-depth characterization of phenotypic and transcriptomic changes (mRNA and miRNA) in a head-to-head comparison with Bleomycin-induced lung injury over a 4-week disease course. The analyses delineate the temporal state of model-specific and commonly altered pathways, thereby providing detailed insights into the processes underlying disease development. They further guide appropriate model selection as well as interventional study design. Overall, Bleomycin-induced fibrosis resembles a biphasic process of acute inflammation and subsequent transition into fibrosis (with partial resolution), whereas the TGFβ1-driven model is characterized by pronounced and persistent fibrosis with concomitant inflammation and an equally complex disease phenotype as observed upon Bleomycin instillation. Finally, based on an integrative approach combining lung function data, mRNA/miRNA profiles, their correlation and miRNA target predictions, we identify putative drug targets and miRNAs to be explored as therapeutic candidates for fibrotic diseases. Taken together, we provide a comprehensive analysis and rich data resource based on RNA-sequencing, along with a strategy for transcriptome-phenotype coupling. The results will be of value for TGFβ research, drug discovery and biomarker identification in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases.
Development of the H3N2 influenza microneedle vaccine for cross-protection against antigenic variants
Authors: Shin Yura , Kim Jeonghun , Seok Jong Hyeon , Park Heedo , Cha Hye-Ran , Ko Si Hwan , Lee Jae Myun , Park Man-Seong , Park Jung-Hwan
Published: July 2022

Due to the continuously mutating nature of the H3N2 virus, two aspects were considered when preparing the H3N2 microneedle vaccines: (1) rapid preparation and (2) cross-protection against multiple antigenic variants. Previous methods of measuring hemagglutinin (HA) content required the standard antibody, thus rapid preparation of H3N2 microneedle vaccines targeting the mutant H3N2 was delayed as a result of lacking a standard antibody. In this study, H3N2 microneedle vaccines were prepared by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) without the use of an antibody, and the cross-protection of the vaccines against several antigenic variants was observed. The HA content measured by HPLC was compared with that measured by ELISA to observe the accuracy of the HPLC analysis of HA content. The cross-protection afforded by the H3N2 microneedle vaccines was evaluated against several antigenic variants in mice. Microneedle vaccines for the 2019–20 seasonal H3N2 influenza virus (19–20 A/KS/17) were prepared using a dip-coating process. The cross-protection of 19–20 A/KS/17 H3N2 microneedle vaccines against the 2015–16 seasonal H3N2 influenza virus in mice was investigated by monitoring body weight changes and survival rate. The neutralizing antibody against several H3N2 antigenic variants was evaluated using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). HA content in the solid microneedle vaccine formulation with trehalose post-exposure at 40℃ for 24 h was 48% and 43% from the initial HA content by HPLC and ELISA, respectively. The vaccine was administered to two groups of mice, one by microneedles and the other by intramuscular injection (IM). In vivo efficacies in the two groups were found to be similar, and cross-protection efficacy was also similar in both groups. HPLC exhibited good diagnostic performance with H3N2 microneedle vaccines and good agreement with ELISA. The H3N2 microneedle vaccines elicited a cross-protective immune response against the H3N2 antigenic variants. Here, we propose the use of HPLC for a more rapid approach in preparing H3N2 microneedle vaccines targeting H3N2 virus variants.
A simulation study of an electro-membrane extraction for enhancement of the ion transport via tailoring the electrostatic properties
Authors: Monesi Mahdiyeh , Khatibi Mahdi , Rahbar-Kelishami Ahmad
Published: July 2022

Membrane technology with advantages such as reduced energy consumption due to no phase change, low volume and high mass transfer, high separation efficiency for solution solutions, straightforward design of membranes, and ease of use on industrial scales are different from other separation methods. There are various methods such as liquid–liquid extraction, adsorption, precipitation, and membrane processes to separate contaminants from an aqueous solution. The liquid membrane technique provides a practical and straightforward separation method for metal ions as an advanced solvent extraction technique. Stabilized liquid membranes require less solvent consumption, lower cost, and more effortless mass transfer due to their thinner thickness than other liquid membrane techniques. The influence of the electrostatic properties, derived from the electrical field, on the ionic transport rate and extraction recovery, in flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSLM) and electro flat sheet supported liquid membrane (EFSLM) were numerically investigated. Both FSLM and EFSLM modes of operation, in terms of implementing electrostatic, were considered. Through adopting a numerical approach, Poisson-Nernst-Planck, and Navier–Stokes equations were solved at unsteady-state conditions by considering different values of permittivity, diffusivity, and viscosity for the presence of electrical force and stirrer, respectively. The most important result of this study is that under similar conditions, by increasing the applied voltage, the extraction recovery increased. For instance, at EFSLM mode, by increasing the applied voltage from $$10 $$

10

to $$30 {\text{V}}$$

30
V

, the extraction recovery increased from $$53$$

53

to $$98\%$$

98
%

. Furthermore, it was also observed that the presence of nanoparticles has significant effects on the performance of the SLM system.
Organic and in-organic fertilizers effects on the performance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) grown on soilless medium
Authors: Adekiya Aruna Olasekan , Dahunsi Samuel Olatunde , Ayeni Jerry Femi , Aremu Charity , Aboyeji Christopher Muyiwa , Okunlola Faith , Oyelami Adeoluwa Emmanuel
Published: July 2022

The effects of organic fertilizers, based on Tithonia diversifolia, and in-organic fertilizers, based on hydroponics fertilizer, were evaluated on the performance, leaves, and fruit mineral concentrations of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants grown under soilless medium in a screen house. The treatments comprised six levels of liquid organic fertilizer (5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55 mL), in-organic fertilizer, and a control. Both organic and in-organic fertilizers increased the growth, yield, leaf nutrient concentration, and the mineral contents of tomato and cucumber fruits in comparison with the control. In-organic fertilizer enhanced the performance and mineral concentrations of tomato and cucumber fruits in comparison with organic fertilizer. However, leaf analyses showed that all the essential elements for both tomato and cucumber crops were within the adequate ranges in the organic fertilizer treatments suggesting that this organic fertilizer can be used as an alternative to the expensive and scarce in-organic fertilizer. For organic fertilizer, the highest yield and mineral contents in fruits were attained at doses of 35 mL and 25 mL for tomato and cucumber plants, respectively. At these doses, the fruit weights of tomato and cucumber were increased by 137 and 198%, respectively, in comparison with the control. For a good yield of tomato and cucumber crop with a high fruit mineral content under the soilless medium of coco peat and rice husk, 35 mL and 25 mL of our tested organic fertilizer are recommended.
Closed-form solution of oscillating Maxwell nano-fluid with heat and mass transfer
Authors: Farooq Aamir , Rehman Sadique , Alharbi Abdulaziz N. , Kamran Muhammad , Botmart Thongchai , Khan Ilyas
Published: July 2022

The primary goal of this article is to analyze the oscillating behavior of Maxwell Nano-fluid with regard to heat and mass transfer. Due to high thermal conductivity of engine oil is taken as a base fluid and graphene Nano-particles are introduced in it. Coupled partial differential equations are used to model the governing equations. To evaluate the given differential equations, certain dimensionless factors and Laplace transformations are used. The analytical solution is obtained for temperature, concentration and velocity. The temperature and concentration gradient are also finds to analyze the rate of heat and mass transfer. As a special case, the solution for Newtonian fluid is discussed. Finally, the behaviors of various physical factors are studied graphically for both sine and cosine oscillation and give physical meanings to the parameters.
Association between dietary patterns and bacterial vaginosis: a case–control study
Authors: Noormohammadi Morvarid , Eslamian Ghazaleh , Kazemi Seyyedeh Neda , Rashidkhani Bahram
Published: July 2022

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a predominant vaginal disturbance that affects about 25% of childbearing-aged women. Dietary consumption may have a crucial role in vaginal flora imbalances. This study was a hospital-based case–control study. In total, 144 incident BV cases and 151 healthy participants were recruited from the gynecology clinic in Tehran, Iran, between November 2020 and June 2021. Participants' typical diets were collected by a food frequency questionnaire. Vaginal flora was characterized based on the Amsel criteria. Factor analysis was used to pinpoint the principal dietary patterns. For logistic regression, the first tertile was assumed as a reference. Five principal dietary patterns emerged and were nominated as "Healthy diet," "Unhealthy diet," "Ovo-vegetarian diet," "Pseudo-Mediterranean diet," and "Western diet." The "Unhealthy diet" pattern were positively associated with BV (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41, 7.94; ptrend: 0.006), while adherence to the "Ovo-vegetarian diet" pattern was associated with a reduced odds of BV (aOR = 0.16; 95% CI 0.07, 0.34; ptrend < 0.001). These results provide evidence that following the "unhealthy diet" pattern may lead to developing BV, and plant-based eating patterns may be associated with reduced BV odds.
Modeling of three dimensional Prandtl hybrid nano-material over a heated rotating cone involving hall and ion slip currents via finite element procedure
Authors: Sohail Muhammad , Nazir Umar , El-Zahar Essam R. , Park Choonkil , Mukdasai Kanit , Iqbal Amjad
Published: July 2022

Flow in a rotating cone for magnetized Prandtl fluid model is inspected in this investigation. The momentum equation of Prandtl model is derived under the consideration of Hall and ion slip effects and heat transport phenomenon is considered with Joule heating and viscous dissipation effects. The model of Hamilton Crosser and Yamada Ota are considered for the empirical relations of nanofluid mixture. The flow presenting expression of Prandtl fluid model with thermal transport is modeled under boundary layer approximation in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs). The derived PDEs have been converted into set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by engaging an appropriate scaling group transformation and these converted nonlinear set of ODEs have been tackled numerically via finite element scheme (FES). Impact of different emerging parameters has been displayed graphically and the physics behind the observed phenomena is explained in detail. The convergence of FES is established by carrying the grid independent survey. From the performed investigation, it is recorded that the parameters appear due to Hall and Ion slip currents enhance the fluid velocity but the inverse behavior is recorded for temperature profile.
Higher-indexed Moiré patterns and surface states of MoTe2/graphene heterostructure grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Pham Trung T. , Vancsó Péter , Szendrő Márton , Palotás Krisztián , Castelino Roshan , Bouatou Mehdi , Chacon Cyril , Henrard Luc , Lagoute Jérôme , Sporken Robert
Published: July 2022

Stabilization of the 2H phase of MoTe2 during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth on graphene terminated 6H-SiC(0001) is highly desirable in order to take advantage of its promising properties in electronic applications. By properly adjusting the conditions, direct growth of the highly crystalline 2H phase of MoTe2 has been achieved. In such van der Waals heterostructure, the atomically-clean interface between graphene and MoTe2 permits the electronic coupling between the adjacent layers and the emergence of a high variety of Moiré patterns. In this paper, we investigate a single layer of 2H-MoTe2 grown on graphene by MBE and we present scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) investigations combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations and simulations of STM images. Our results show that the STM images of the MoTe2/graphene heterostructure surprisingly amplify the otherwise weak Moiré potential modulations leading to the appearance of unique higher-indexed Moiré patterns. These patterns are unusually rich with many Fourier-overtones and show a remarkable variety of different applied bias voltages, revealing the complex electronic features of the heterostructure.
Basal ganglia-cortical connectivity underlies self-regulation of brain oscillations in humans
Authors: Kasahara Kazumi , DaSalla Charles S. , Honda Manabu , Hanakawa Takashi
Published: July 2022

Brain-computer interfaces provide an artificial link by which the brain can directly interact with the environment. To achieve fine brain-computer interface control, participants must modulate the patterns of the cortical oscillations generated from the motor and somatosensory cortices. However, it remains unclear how humans regulate cortical oscillations, the controllability of which substantially varies across individuals. Here, we performed simultaneous electroencephalography (to assess brain-computer interface control) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (to measure brain activity) in healthy participants. Self-regulation of cortical oscillations induced activity in the basal ganglia-cortical network and the neurofeedback control network. Successful self-regulation correlated with striatal activity in the basal ganglia-cortical network, through which patterns of cortical oscillations were likely modulated. Moreover, basal ganglia-cortical network and neurofeedback control network connectivity correlated with strong and weak self-regulation, respectively. The findings indicate that the basal ganglia-cortical network is important for self-regulation, the understanding of which should help advance brain-computer interface technology.
Genome-wide association study of cerebellar volume provides insights into heritable mechanisms underlying brain development and mental health
Authors: Tissink Elleke , de Lange Siemon C. , Savage Jeanne E. , Wightman Douglas P. , de Leeuw Christiaan A. , Kelly Kristen M. , Nagel Mats , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Posthuma Danielle
Published: July 2022

Cerebellar volume is highly heritable and associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding the genetic architecture of cerebellar volume may improve our insight into these disorders. This study aims to investigate the convergence of cerebellar volume genetic associations in close detail. A genome-wide associations study for cerebellar volume was performed in a discovery sample of 27,486 individuals from UK Biobank, resulting in 30 genome-wide significant loci and a SNP heritability of 39.82%. We pinpoint the likely causal variants and those that have effects on amino acid sequence or cerebellar gene-expression. Additionally, 85 genome-wide significant genes were detected and tested for convergence onto biological pathways, cerebellar cell types, human evolutionary genes or developmental stages. Local genetic correlations between cerebellar volume and neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders reveal shared loci with Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. These results provide insights into the heritable mechanisms that contribute to developing a brain structure important for cognitive functioning and mental health.
Dipolar spin-waves and tunable band gap at the Dirac points in the 2D magnet ErBr3
Authors: Wessler Christian , Roessli Bertrand , Krämer Karl W. , Stuhr Uwe , Wildes Andrew , Braun Hans B. , Kenzelmann Michel
Published: July 2022

Topological magnon insulators constitute a growing field of research for their potential use as information carriers without heat dissipation. We report an experimental and theoretical study of the magnetic ground-state and excitations in the van der Waals two-dimensional honeycomb magnet ErBr3. We show that the magnetic properties of this compound are entirely governed by the dipolar interactions which generate a continuously degenerate non-collinear ground-state on the honeycomb lattice with spins confined in the plane. We find that the magnon dispersion exhibits Dirac-like cones when the magnetic moments in the ground-state are related by time-reversal and inversion symmetries associated with a Berry phaseπas in single-layer graphene. A magnon band gap opens when the dipoles are rotated away from this state, entailing a finite Berry curvature in the vicinity of the K and K’ Dirac points. Our results illustrate that the spin-wave dispersion of dipoles on the honeycomb lattice can be reversibly controlled from a magnetic phase with Dirac cones to a topological antiferromagnetic insulator with non-trivial valley Chern number.
Highly selective performance of rationally designed antimicrobial peptides based on ponericin-W1
Authors: Lv Songwei , Wang Jingfang , You Rongrong , Liu Suyu , Ding Yujie , Hadianamrei Roja , Tomeh Mhd Anas , Pan Fang , Cai Zhiqiang , Zhao Xiubo
Published: July 2022

In this study, the relationship between the chemical structure and the biological activity of a series of rationally designed AMPs derived from Ponericin-W1, a naturally occurring AMP from ants is reported.
Human body IoT systems based on the triboelectrification effect: energy harvesting, sensing, interfacing and communication
Authors: Zhang Qin , Xin Chuanfu , Shen Fan , Gong Ying , Zi YunLong , Guo Hengyu , Li Zhongjie , Peng Yan , Zhang Quan , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: July 2022

Human body IoT systems based on the triboelectrification effect for energy harvesting, sensing, and interaction via wireless communication.
Materials from waste plastics for CO2capture and utilisation
Authors: Teo Jerald Y. Q. , Ong Albert , Tan Tristan T. Y. , Li Xin , Loh Xian Jun , Lim Jason Y. C.
Published: July 2022

Herein, we consider the possibility and future prospects of using waste plastic feedstock as an overlooked resource to develop polymeric adsorbents, metal–organic frameworks and porous carbon materials for CO2capture and utilization.
Hierarchical engineering of Mn2O3/carbon nanostructured electrodes for sensitive screening of acetylcholine in biological samples
Authors: Emran Mohammed Y. , Shenashen Mohamed A. , Elmarakbi Ahmed , Selim Mahmoud M. , El-Safty Sherif A.
Published: July 2022

Enzymeless electrochemical sensors have received considerable interest for the direct, sensitive, and selective monitoring of biomolecules in a complex biological environment.
The SCR reaction and mechanism of a silicic acid modified Ce-W/TiO2 catalyst
Authors: Bian Xue , Xu Qiang , Cai Ming , Cen Peng , Wu Wenyuan
Published: July 2022

Silicic acid modified Ce-W/TiO2 catalyst.
Organic carbonized copper foil facilitates the performance of the current collector for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Xiao Ze'en , Rao Xianfa , Chen Jun , Potapenko Hanna , Zhang Qian , Zhong Shengwen
Published: July 2022

Organic carbon film is coated on the surface of Cu foil, which greatly improves the bonding strength, reduces the contact impedance, and increases the corrosion resistance, thus effectively improving the energy storage performance of graphite anode.
The synthesis of seven- and eight-membered rings by radical strategies
Authors: Yu Xuan-Chi , Zhang Can-Can , Wang Ling-Tao , Li Jiao-Zhe , Li Ting , Wei Wen-Ting
Published: July 2022

Radical strategies for preparation of seven- or eight-membered rings.
The effect of MgO and preparation techniques of the FeMnOδ/MgO–Al2O3 catalyst used for the vapor phase oxidation of cyclohexane
Authors: Yadav Vijendra Kumar , Das Taraknath
Published: July 2022

The oxidation of Cy-H over the modified support and catalysts prepared by various methods.
Models of science and society: transcending the antagonism
Authors: Dressel Markus
Published: July 2022

What is the appropriate place for science in society? Despite the vast literature on the subject, the science–society relation remains a disputed issue. A major reason is that, when we are asking about the right place of science in society, we are actually asking a range of interrelated and hard-to-answer individual questions. These questions include the role of social values in the research process, the neutrality of science in policy, the interplay between evidence and decision-making, and many others. A sensible way to organize these questions—and the set of potential answers—are science–society interaction models (SSIMs). SSIMs reduce the complexity of the science–society relation and provide generic templates for interactions between scientists and non-scientists. However, SSIMs are often used in an unproductive way, namely as antagonistic camps or as representations of real-world actors’ beliefs. Focusing on the popular distinction between technocratic, decisionist, and pragmatist models, this paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of SSIMs. It argues that SSIMs should not, as is often done in the science–society literature, be understood as antagonistic camps or representations of actor beliefs, but as ideal types and heuristics. Building on this interpretation, this paper presents tentative ideas for a reflexive tool that real-world actors can use to assess their fundamental assumptions about science and society.
Effect of rough wall on drag, lift, and torque on an ellipsoidal particle in a linear shear flow
Authors: Bhagat Atul Manikrao , Goswami Partha Sarathi
Published: July 2022

The present study provides a detailed description of the forces on an ellipsoidal particle in the vicinity of the rough wall. Three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed using a body-fitted mesh to estimate the drag, lift, and torque coefficients. A large number of simulations are conducted over a range of parameters, such as the shear Reynolds number (10≤Res≤100), orientation angle (0°≤θ≤180°), and wall-particle separation distance (0.1≤δ≤2.0), to get a comprehensive description of variation of the above coefficients. Using the simulation results, we develop the correlations for the drag and lift coefficients to describe the effect of rough wall, inclination angles, and particle Reynolds numbers on the hydrodynamic coefficients. The proposed correlations can be used for two-phase flow simulation using the Eulerian–Lagrangian framework.
Space-streamline-based method of characteristics for inverse design of three-dimensional super/hypersonic flows
Authors: Zhou Hang , Jin Zhiguang , Zhuang Guoxing , Shi Chaogang
Published: July 2022

The inverse design of super/hypersonic flows is widely utilized in aerospace, especially in waveriders, inlets, and nozzles. However, most of the existing methods are intended for the two-dimensional (2D) problem. The inverse method for generalized three-dimensional (3D) supersonic flows is still immature and is the main purpose of the space-streamline-based method of characteristics (SMOC) presented in this paper. The key of SMOC is to integrate an additional Euler predictor–corrector algorithm for pressure gradients in the unit calculation process. In this way, the temporary orientation of the osculating plane (OP) of the space streamline is determined, and the conventional 2D axisymmetric method of characteristics can be adopted in the OP. Three common unit processes of SMOC and the posedness are introduced, and the astringency is demonstrated by corresponding algebraic calculations. With this method, inviscid super/hypersonic flows can be solved on the basis of specified flow features, such as a 3D shock surface or a 3D wall pressure distribution. The accuracy and efficiency of SMOC are verified by using an inverse design example, that is, the flow produced by an elliptic conical surface at a freestream Mach number of 6. The numerical simulation of the inverse design result indicates that the 3D shock wave geometry and the 3D wall pressure distribution match the targets completely. The relative root-mean-squared error of the surface geometry is 10−3 magnitude, and the computation time cost of the inverse design is less than that of the general direct Euler solver.
Trajectory-optimized cluster-based network model for the sphere wake
Authors: Hou Chang , Deng Nan , Noack Bernd R.
Published: July 2022

We propose a novel trajectory-optimized cluster-based network model (tCNM) for nonlinear model order reduction from time-resolved data following Li et al. [“Cluster-based network model,” J. Fluid Mech. 906, A21 (2021)] and improving the accuracy for a given number of centroids. The starting point is k-means++ clustering, which minimizes the representation error of the snapshots by their closest centroids. The dynamics is presented by “flights” between the centroids. The proposed trajectory-optimized clustering aims to reduce the kinematic representation error further by shifting the centroids closer to the snapshot trajectory and refining state propagation with trajectory support points. Thus, curved trajectories are better resolved. The resulting tCNM is demonstrated for the sphere wake for three flow regimes, including the periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic dynamics. The representation error of tCNM is five times smaller as compared to the approximation by the closest centroid. Thus, the error is at the same level as proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) of same order. Yet, tCNM has distinct advantages over POD modeling: it is human interpretable by representing dynamics by a handful of coherent structures and their transitions; it shows robust dynamics by design, i.e., stable long-time behavior; and its development is fully automatable, i.e., it does not require tunable auxiliary closure and other models.
Multi-fidelity prediction of spatiotemporal fluid flow
Authors: Mondal Sudeepta , Sarkar Soumalya
Published: July 2022

Data-driven prediction of spatiotemporal fields in fluid flow problems has received significant interest lately. However, the scarcity of data often plagues the accuracy of the prevalent approaches, particularly in situations where the cost associated with the generation of high-fidelity data is prohibitively expensive. Moreover, the data sources in many spatiotemporal fluid flow problems present a hierarchy of fidelities with respect to their computational cost/accuracy, such that the higher fidelity sources are more accurate and also more expensive than the low-fidelity sources. This article presents a novel multi-fidelity spatiotemporal modeling approach whereby the lower fidelity data source for a dynamical process is gainfully utilized in increasing the accuracy of predicting the higher fidelity fields, thereby reducing the overhead of high-fidelity simulations for data-driven prediction. The methodology is based on non-intrusive reduced order modeling using deep convolutional autoencoders, combined with a latent-space evolution framework based on multi-fidelity Gaussian processes. This framework results in probabilistic spatiotemporal predictions for unknown operating conditions of the dynamical system, which provides the end user with quantified levels of uncertainties associated with the data-driven predictions. The framework is validated on a prototypical fluid flow problem of interest: two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow around a cylinder.
Discrete Boltzmann modeling of high-speed compressible flows with various depths of non-equilibrium
Authors: Zhang Dejia , Xu Aiguo , Zhang Yudong , Gan Yanbiao , Li Yingjun
Published: July 2022

The non-equilibrium high-speed compressible flows present wealthy applications in engineering and science. With the deepening of Thermodynamic Non-Equilibrium (TNE), higher-order non-conserved kinetic moments of the distribution function are needed to capture the main feature of the flow state and the evolution process. Based on the ellipsoidal statistical Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook model, Discrete Boltzmann Models (DBMs) that consider various orders of TNE effects are developed to study flows in various depths of TNE. In numerical tests, DBMs including the first up to the sixth order TNE effects are demonstrated. Specifically, at first, the model's capability to capture large flow structures with zeroth-order TNE effects in two types of one-dimensional Riemann problems is demonstrated. The ability to capture large flow structures with first-order TNE effects is also shown in the Couette flow. Then, a shock wave structure given by Direct simulation Monte Carlo is used to verify the model's capability to capture fine structures at the level of the mean free path of gas molecules. Furthermore, we focus on the TNE degree of two colliding fluids mainly decided by two parameters: the relaxation time τ and relative speeds Δu of two fluids. Consequently, three numerical tests for flows with various depths of TNE are constructed. Due to any definition of the TNE strength is dependent on the perspective of investigation, we propose to use a N-component vector STNE to describe the TNE system from N perspectives. As specific applications, we use a three-component vector STNE=(τ,Δu,Δ2*) to roughly characterize three cases for numerical tests in this work. Then, we check the system TNE behavior from the perspective of the xx component of the TNE quantity, viscous stress Δ2*. It is found that, for the first two cases, at least up to the second-order TNE effects, i.e., the second-order terms in Knudsen number in the CE expansion, should be included in the model construction, while for the third case, at least up to the third-order TNE effects should be included. Similar to Δ2*, three numerical tests for flows in various depths of Δ3,1* are constructed. It is found that from the perspective of Δ3,1,x*, for case 1 and case 3, at least up to the second-order TNE effects should be required, while for case 2, the first-order TNE effects are enough. These findings demonstrate that the inadequacy of focusing only on the few kinetic moments appearing in Navier–Stokes increases with the degree of discreteness and deviation from thermodynamic equilibrium. Finally, a two-dimensional free jet is simulated to indicate that, to obtain satisfying hydrodynamic quantities, the DBM should include at least up to the third-order TNE effects. This study is meaningful for the understanding of the TNE behavior of complex fluid systems and the choice of an appropriate fluid model to handle desired TNE effects.
Linear stability of real-fluid mixing layers at supercritical pressures
Authors: Wang Xingjian , Liu Tao , Ma Dongjun , Yang Vigor
Published: July 2022

Linear stability analysis is a useful tool for the exploration of the initial evolution of flow motions in mixing layers. A real fluid mixing layer exhibits strong property variations and, thus, may present stability behaviors distinct from its ideal gas counterpart. The present study carries out spatial and temporal stability analyses of nitrogen mixing layers at supercritical conditions, with special attention to the density stratification induced by the temperature and velocity gradients across the mixing layer. The differences between the ideal gas and real fluid approaches are discussed. The maximum spatial growth rate and the most unstable frequency evaluated based on the real fluid density profile are found to be substantially lower than their ideal gas counterparts near the critical point, where an inflection of the density distribution occurs in the mixing layer. Across the inflection point, the strong density stratification arising from the real fluid effect tends to stabilize the mixing layer. The maximum growth rate and the most unstable frequency do not show a monotonic trend with the ratios of temperature and density. In the absence of the inflection point, however, the mixing layer is destabilized and features a substantially higher maximum spatial growth rate at lower ratios of density and temperature. The most unstable frequency and the maximum spatial growth rate increase with increasing pressure. The real fluid effect diminishes when the pressure is away from the critical value or when there is no inflection point in the density profile. The temporal stability analysis also indicates that a detailed density distribution plays a key role in dictating the stability characteristics of mixing layers at supercritical pressures.
Exploring shear alignment of concentrated wormlike micelles using rheology coupled with small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: King Joshua P. , Butler Calum S. G. , Prescott Stuart W. , Sokolova Anna V. , de Campo Liliana , Williams Ashley P. , Tabor Rico F.
Published: July 2022

Wormlike micelles (WLMs) are vital components of many consumer products and industrial fluids, adding a shear-dependent viscous texture through their entanglement in solutions. It is now well accepted from experiments such as coupling rheology and scattering that, similar to many polymer solutions and dispersions of highly anisotropic particles, WLM behavior during shear arises from the alignment of the “worms” with the shear field, resulting in ordering that is rapidly lost in the cessation of shear. Most studies of such systems have been limited to dilute systems that are far below concentrations used industrially and commercially, due to the complexity of analyzing shear-induced many-body effects in high volume fraction dispersions. Here, we explore the shear alignment of concentrated WLM solutions comprising sodium laureth sulfate and cocamidopropyl betaine in 0.38 M aqueous sodium chloride. By analyzing only scattering data at high values of the scattering vector (i.e., correlations at short length scales that are dominant in such concentrated systems), we explore whether useful information can be obtained by naïvely approximating the WLMs as an ensemble of unconnected short rods representing sections of the worms. By taking this reductionist approach to analyzing the obtained two-dimensional scattering patterns from these systems under shear, we find that in this regime, such concentrated worms can be approximated as cylinders that become more aligned with the direction of shear as volume fraction and shear rate increase.
The Genetic Risk of Gestational Diabetes in South Asian women
Authors: Lamri Amel , Limbachia Jayneel , Schulze Karleen M , Desai Dipika , Kelly Brian , de Souza Russell J , Paré Guillaume , Lawlor Deborah A , Wright John , Anand Sonia S ,   the Born in Bradford and START investigators
Published: July 2022

South Asian women are at increased risk of developing gestational diabetes (GDM). Few studies have investigated the genetic contributions to GDM risk. We investigated the association of a type 2 diabetes (T2D) polygenic risk score (PRS), on its own, and with GDM risk factors, on GDM-related traits using data from two birth cohorts in which South Asian women were enrolled during pregnancy. 837 and 4,372 pregnant South Asian women from the SouTh Asian BiRth CohorT (START) and Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort studies underwent a 75-gram glucose tolerance test. PRSs were derived using GWAS results from an independent multi-ethnic study (∼18% South Asians). Associations with fasting plasma glucose (FPG); 2h post-load glucose (2hG); area under the curve glucose; and GDM were tested using linear and logistic regressions. The population attributable fraction (PAF) of the PRS was calculated. Every 1 SD increase in the PRS was associated with a 0.085 mmol/L increase in FPG ([95%CI=0.07-0.10], P=2.85 × 10−20); 0.21 mmol/L increase in 2hG ([95%CI=0.16-0.26], P=5.49 × 10−16); and a 45% increase in the risk of GDM ([95%CI=32-60%], P=2.27 × 10−14), independent of parental history of diabetes and other GDM risk factors. PRS tertile 3 accounted for 12.5% of the population’s GDM. No consistent interactions of the PRS with BMI, or diet quality were observed. A T2D PRS is strongly associated with multiple GDM-related traits in women of South Asian descent, and accounts for a substantial proportion of the PAF of GDM.
Mechanisms underlying reshuffling of visual responses by optogenetic stimulation in mice and monkeys
Authors: Sanzeni A. , Palmigiano A. , Nguyen T.H. , Luo J. , Nassi J.J. , Reynolds J.H. , Histed M.H. , Miller K.D. , Brunel N.
Published: July 2022

The ability to optogenetically perturb neural circuits opens an unprecedented window into mechanisms governing circuit function. We analyzed and theoretically modeled neuronal responses to visual and optogenetic inputs in mouse and monkey V1. In both species, optogenetic stimulation of excitatory neurons strongly modulated the activity of single neurons, yet had weak or no effects on the distribution of firing rates across the population. Thus, the optogenetic inputs reshuffled firing rates across the network. Key statistics of mouse and monkey responses lay on a continuum, with mice/monkeys occupying the low/high rate regions, respectively. We show that neuronal reshuffling emerges generically in randomly connected excitatory/inhibitory networks, provided the coupling strength (combination of recurrent coupling and external input) is sufficient that powerful inhibitory feedback cancels the mean optogenetic input. A more realistic model, distinguishing tuned visual vs. untuned optogenetic input in a structured network, reduces the coupling strength needed to explain reshuffling.
RLSuite: An integrative R-loop bioinformatics framework
Authors: Miller H. E. , Montemayor D. , Levy S. , Sharma K. , Frost B. , Bishop A. J. R.
Published: July 2022

R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures containing RNA:DNA hybrids. While R-loop mapping via high-throughput sequencing can reveal novel insight into R-loop biology, the analysis and quality control of these data is a non-trivial task for which few bioinformatic tools exist. Herein we describeRLSuite, an integrative R-loop bioinformatics framework for pre-processing, quality control, and downstream analysis of R-loop mapping data. RLSuite enables users to compare their data to hundreds of public datasets and generate a user-friendly analysis report for sharing with non-bioinformatician colleagues. Taken together, RLSuite is a novel analysis framework that should greatly benefit the emerging R-loop bioinformatics community.