bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blind Identification of Block Interleaved Convolution Code Parameters
Authors: Tamakuwala Jimmy B.
Published: September 2019

Most of the digital communication system uses forward error correction (FEC) in addition with interleaver to achieve reliable communication over a noisy channel. To get useful information from intercepted data, in non-cooperative context, it is necessary to have algoritihms for blind identification of FEC code and interleaver parameters. In this paper, a matrix rank-based algebraic algorithm for the joint and blind identification of block interleaved convolution code parameters for cases, where interleaving length is not necessarily an integer multiple of codeword length is presented. From simulations, it is observed that the code rate and block interleaver length are identified correctly with probability of detection equal to 1 for bit error rate values of less than or equal to 10-4.
Selection of Pressure Angle based on Dynamic Effects in Asymmetric Spur Gear with Fixed Normal Contact Ratio
Authors: Thomas Benny , Sankaranarayansamy K. , Ramachandra S. , S.P. Suresh Kumar
Published: September 2019

Asymmetric spur gears are finding application in many fields including aerospace propulsion and automobile which demand unidirectional or relatively higher load on one side of the gear flank. Design intend to maximise the load carrying capacity of the drive side of asymmetric gear by increasing the pressure angle is achieved at the expense of coast side capacity. Multiple solution for coast to drive side pressure angle exist for a given contact ratio and each of these have relative merits and demerits. In the present work asymmetric spur gears of theoretically equal contact ratio as that of corresponding symmetric gears are selected to investigate the change in gear tooth static transmission error and dynamic behaviour with coast and drive side pressure angle. Study shows that dynamic factor of normal contact ratio asymmetric spur gears below resonance speed are relatively lower than corresponding symmetric gears of same module, contact ratio, number of teeth, coast side pressure angle and fillet radii. Results also show that, coast and drive side pressure angle can be suitably selected for a given contact ratio to reduce the single tooth and double tooth contact static transmission error and dynamic factor of asymmetric spur gears.
Efficient Embedded Hardware Architecture for Stabilised Tracking Sighting System of Armoured Fighting Vehicles
Authors: Verma Kamlesh , Ghosh Debashis , Marathe Rajeev , Kumar Avnish
Published: September 2019

A line-of-sight stabilised sighting system, capable of target tracking and video stabilisation is a prime requirement of any armoured fighting tank vehicle for military surveillance and weapon firing. Typically, such sighting systems have three prime electro-optical sensors i.e. day camera for viewing in day conditions, thermal camera for night viewing and eye-safe laser range finder for obtaining the target range. For laser guided missile firing, additional laser target designator may be a part of sighting system. This sighting system provides necessary parameters for the fire control computer to compute ballistic offsets to fire conventional ammunition or fire missile. System demands simultaneous interactions with electro-optical sensors, servo sensors, actuators, multi-function display for man-machine interface, fire control computer, logic controller and other sub-systems of tank. Therefore, a complex embedded electronics hardware is needed to respond in real time for such system. An efficient electronics embedded hardware architecture is presented here for the development of this type of sighting system. This hardware has been developed around SHARC 21369 processor and FPGA. A performance evaluation scheme is also presented for this sighting system based on the developed hardware.
Cellular Automata with Synthetic Image A Secure Image Communication with Transform Domain
Authors: Sundararaman R. , Upadhyay H. N. , Sridevi A. , Sivaraman R. , Anand V. , Srinivasan T. , Savithri S.
Published: September 2019

Image encryption has attained a great attention due to the necessity to safeguard confidential images. Digital documents, site images, battlefield photographs, etc. need a secure approach for sharing in an open channel. Hardware – software co-design is a better option for exploiting unique features to cipher the confidential images. Cellular automata (CA) and synthetic image influenced transform domain approach for image encryption is proposed in this paper. The digital image is initially divided into four subsections by applying integer wavelet transform. Confusion is accomplished on low – low section of the transformed image using CA rules 90 and 150. The first level of diffusion with consecutive XORing operation of image pixels is initiated by CA rule 42. A synthetic random key image is developed by extracting true random bits generated by Cyclone V field programmable gate array 5CSEMA5F31C6. This random image plays an important role in second level of diffusion. The proposed confusion and two level diffusion assisted image encryption approach has been validated through the entropy, correlation, histogram, number of pixels change rate, unified average change intensity, contrast and encryption quality analyses.
Multiphysics Analysis of a Magnetorheological Damper
Authors: Nanthakumar A. J. D. , Jancirani J. , Rajasekaran S. C. , Sarathkumar K.
Published: September 2019

A Magnetorheological damping has evolved as a potential tool in vibration control. The design of magnetorheological damping involves analysis of fluid flow principles and electromagnetic flux analysis. This research paper involves design and analysis of a magnetorheological damper employed for vibration control. The analysis is carried over by considering the domain as an axisymmetric model. The damping force of the damper depends upon the shear stress due to fluid viscosity and yield stress induced due to magnetic flux applied. The damping force generated by the damper is calculated.
Entrevista com Carlos Estrela - Formação em docência e em pesquisa em Endodontia
Authors: Estrela Carlos , Alcalde Murilo Priori
Published: September 2019

» Graduado em Odontologia pela FOJOP (Unievangélica, Anápolis/GO, 1983).
» Especialista em Endodontia pela ABO-GO (1986-1987).
» Mestre em Endodontia pela Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (1988-1989).
» Doutor em Endodontia pela Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo (1992-1993).
» Livre-Docente em Endodontia pela Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (1997).
» Professor Titular em Endodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás, Disciplina de Endodontia, desde 1995.
» Coordenador do Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciência Endodôntica da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFG.
» Professor e orientador de Mestrado e Doutorado nos Programas de pós-graduação em Odontologia (Faculdade de Odontologia) e Ciências da Saúde (Faculdade de Medicina) da UFG. » Bolsista de Produtividade em Pesquisa CNPq (PQ 1B).
Biodentine: um substituto ao MTA?
Authors: Prado Maíra do , Lima Carolina Oliveira de , Dutra Hugo Gonçalves , Marion Jefferson , Chaves Maria Das Graças Afonso Miranda , Campos Celso Neiva
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo é realizar uma revisão de literatura em relação às propriedades físico- -químicas e biológicas do Biodentine, seu emprego na Endodontia e discutir, com base nas evidências científicas encontradas na literatura, se esse material poderá ser um substituto ao MTA. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca na literatura na base de dados PubMed, usando os termos em inglês: Biodentine, calcium silicate, MTA, properties, setting time, radiopacity, solubility, physicochemical properties, porosity, hydration, biocompatibility, bioactivity, microhardness, compressive strength, bond strength, irrigants, furcal perforation, retrograde filling material, revitalization, revascularization, endodontics, apexification. Cinquenta artigos foram incluídos. Resultados: os artigos revisados sugerem que o Biodentine tem características favoráveis e que tem alcançado resultados promissores em relação ao MTA. Conclusão: o Biodentine pode ser considerado um eventual substituto ao MTA.
Análise do selamento de canais laterais simulados, com os cimentos endodônticos MTA-Fillapex e AH Plus
Authors: Brunini Sérgio Henrique Staut , Tomazinho Luiz Fernando , Klein Micheline Alves da Costa , Voss Vânia Eduarda Barbosa
Published: September 2019

Introdução: a obturação consiste no preenchimento tridimensional do sistema de canais radiculares, sendo fundamental, para isso, que o cimento endodôntico apresente um bom selamento. Em busca de um material ideal, surgiu no mercado o MTA-Fillapex, um cimento obturador biocompatível à base de MTA, mas que carece de comprovação quanto às suas qualidades físico-químicas. Objetivo: esse estudo se propôs a analisar e comparar o grau de selamento dos cimentos MTA-Fillapex e AH Plus. Métodos: foram utilizados 20 pré-molares inferiores humanos, que tiveram sua coroa seccionada padronizando-se um remanescente em 20 mm. Após o preparo biomecânico com limas ProTaper, três canais laterais foram confeccionados nas faces mesial e distal da porção radicular, com distância de 5 mm entre eles. Em seguida, os dentes foram separados em dois grupos (n = 10), de acordo com o cimento empregado, e obturados pela técnica da condensação lateral. Após a obturação, radiografias digitais foram realizadas, para análise do selamento dos cimentos através dos canais laterais fabricados. Resultados: foi possível perceber uma discrepância entre os cimentos estudados, sendo que o MTA-Fillapex apresentou, em comparação ao AH Plus, escores inferiores de preenchimento dos canais laterais fabricados, para todos os terços avaliados, especialmente nas regiões apical e média. Conclusão: o cimento AH Plus apresentou uma capacidade de preenchimento dos canais laterais simulados superior à do cimento MTA-Fillapex, independentemente do terço avaliado.
Reimplante intencional como alternativa ao implante dentário: relato de caso com 10 anos de proservação
Authors: Dezan Junior Eloi , Bueno Carlos Roberto Emerenciano , Rosselli Eliana Rodrigues , Cintra Luciano Tavares Angelo
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: apresentar o relato de um caso de tratamento viável para molar inferior permanente endodonticamente tratado que apresentou sintomatologia após 6 meses do tratamento endodôntico. Uma vez que retratamento endodôntico ou cirurgia parendodôntica não eram indicados, o reimplante intencional foi a técnica escolhida. Relato de caso: uma hora antes do procedimento, o paciente fez bochecho com gluconato de clorexidina a 0,12% e foi preparado para cirurgia com anestesia dos nervos alveolar inferior e lingual, realizada com mepivacaína 2% contendo 1:100.000 de adrenalina. O procedimento teve início com extração menos traumática possível, envolvendo-se imediatamente o dente extraído em gaze umedecida com soro fisiológico, enquanto as raízes foram avaliadas para presença de fraturas, seguida da apicectomia. As cavidades foram retroinstrumentadas com broca de alta rotação sob irrigação com soro fisiológico e, para a retro-obturação, foi utilizado agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA) branco. Imediatamente, o dente foi reposicionado no alvéolo e estabilizado por suturas com fio de seda 4-0. Após um ano, o paciente retornou para controle radiográfico e clínico, o qual não revelou mais resposta à percussão vertical. Após 10 anos, a imagem radiográfica mostra reparo apical, sem indícios de reabsorção radicular ou lesão periapical. Conclusão: o exame clínico, associado à ausência dor e mobilidade normal do dente, confirmou o sucesso do tratamento, indicando esse como uma alternativa válida quando o implante não for acessível para o paciente. Essa técnica pode ajudar a restaurar a função de um dente original, em vez de substituí-lo por prótese ou implante dentário.
A long-term follow-up of Sex Chromosomal Mosaicism Disorders of Sex Development
Authors: Listyasari Nurin Aisyiyah , Fitrianingrum Iit , Faradz Sultana MH
Published: September 2019

Background:Chromosomal mosaicism is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct cell lines in an individual. Mosaicism in sex chromosome is a major component of Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) results in a large clinical spectrum of genital ambiguity.                               Case Presentation:We report long term follow-up of a 15-year-old male who was evaluated for ambiguous genitalia with a karyotype of 46,XY (85%) / 46,XX (15%). He presented with abnormal urethral opening (hypospadias) and left sided undescended testis since birth. Work-up was done for cytogenetic analysis, hormonal assays, imaging, exploratory laparotomy, and hypospadias repair. For more than 15 years he was reared as a boy, with no further complaints, until he reached puberty. He then developed gynecomastia and monthly painful hematuria. MRI evaluation revealed a left adnexal cystic mass and anteflexed uterus with loculated fluid collection posterior to urinary bladder suggesting hematometra. We discuss the genetics, diagnostics, as well as genetic counseling of this patient. Conclusion: This case is reported in view of the interesting clinical presentation of this rare mosaicism. A strong emphasis on a multidisciplinary approach and close follow-up is important to ensure both physical and psychological well-being of DSD patients.
Kooperatives Management geisteswissenschaftlicher Forschungsdaten
Authors: Müller Lars
Published: September 2019

Sobald in geisteswissenschaftlichen Forschungen Daten selbst erzeugt werden, wird Forschungsdatenmanagement erforderlich. Informationsinfrastruktureinrichtungen haben auf ein funktionierendes Datenmanagement mit der Digitalisierung von Kulturgut großen Einfluss, und nicht immer gibt es ein abgestimmtes Rollenverständnis. Die Verständigung über divergierende Sichten bei der Datenerzeugung durch die Domänen Forschung und Infrastruktur ermöglicht erfolgreiches Datenmanagement. Ein aktiver Datenmanagementplan dokumentiert diesen Prozess.
Schweizer Hochschulen vor den neuen Herausforderungen der digitalen wissenschaftlichen Information: das Projekt COSI (Coordination Office for Scientific Information)
Authors: Frey Jeannette , Esposito Piergiuseppe
Published: September 2019

„Coordination Office for Scientific Information“ (COSI) ist der Titel des Projekts zur Einrichtung einer Koordinationsstelle der Schweizer Hochschulen im Bereich der digitalen wissenschaftlichen Information. Durch die Analyse der Versionen des Detailkonzepts COSI erläutert der Artikel den Hintergrund des Projekts und die Ergebnisse der Implementierungsarbeit der COSI-Projektgruppe. Die verschiedenen Versionen des Detailkonzepts COSI zeigen, dass es sich noch um ein Work-in-progress handelt.
Mineralizing the Right to Prior Consultation: From Recognition to Disregard of Indigenous and Peasant Rights in Peru
Authors: Guevara Gil Armando , Cabanillas Linares Carla
Published: September 2019

By using a sociolegal analysis, this article shows how the Peruvian State has used administrative mechanisms to prevent the free, prior and informed consultation of indigenous and peasant communities impacted by mining projects throughout the country. Prior consultation – a fundamental right for these communities – is being drained of its content by ad hoc procedures of a mining bureaucracy bent on ignoring it. For this, the main strategy has been to deny the identity of indigenous peoples and, by doing so, divest them of their collective rights. The goal has been to promote the expansion of the mining industry at all costs. In the context of an extractivist economy, indigenous rights loose substance. The state has thus moved from the discursive recognition of indigenous rights to its effective disregard. However, the reaction of other state agencies against the systematic denial of indigenous collective rights offers not only hope but the chance to assess the tension between economic and special human rights.
Five Ways of Investigating Adnominals in Czech Sonnets of the 19th and 20th Centuries
Authors: Místecký Michal
Published: September 2019

The paper focuses on analysing the use of adnominals in the selected fifteen sonnet authors of the 19th- and 20th-century Czech literature. The poets have been selected so as to represent the main literary schools of the period, the main criterion of their ranking being their dates of birth. The investigation treats both general trends (changing numbers of adnominals in various eras, the measure of ornamentality in particular authors), and specific, Czech-based issues (premodification and postmodification, attributes and genitives). The goal of the paper is threefold: first, there is an endeavour to determine some principles of the development of the sonnet tradition in the Czech literature; second, some micro-analyses of the poets are provided, including contrastive views of various writing tactics employed by them; and third, one way of measuring ornamentality has been sketched, as the tool may be of help in unearthing stylistic preferences of different authors. All counts and figures are accompanied with interpretations which may be further enriched by literary scholars.
Catalytic Synthesis of Monoglycerides by Glycerolysis of Triglycerides
Authors: Alvarez Serafini Mariana Soledad , Tonetto Gabriela Marta
Published: September 2019

The synthesis of monoglycerides by the transesterification of triglycerides with glycerol was studied using zinc glycerolate as a heterogeneous catalyst.

The effect of the operating variables on the triglyceride conversion and monoglyceride yield was evaluated. The maximum values of triglyceride conversion and monoglyceride yield reached at 2-hour reaction time were 83 and 49 %, respectively. These values were obtained at 240 °C with 3 % catalyst loading and glycerol/oil molar ratio of 6. When the molar ratio of the reactants was increased, the triglyceride conversion and monoglyceride yield achieved an optimum value. This behavior was related with a competitive adsorption of the reagents.

It was possible to reuse the catalyst without significant changes in activity.
Thermal Energy Transport Across Combined Films: Thermal Characteristics
Authors: Ali Haider , Yilbas Bekir S.
Published: September 2019

Thermal energy transfer in combined thin films consisting of silicon and diamond is considered. The combined films are thermally disturbed by a temperature oscillation at the silicon left edge and the influence of pulse length of temperature oscillation on energy transport characteristics is investigated. A nano-size gap with varying length is adopted at the films interface. The Boltzmann equation is adopted for the predictions of phonon intensity in the combined structure. The cut-off mismatch model is accommodated formulating interface conditions. The contribution of the near field radiation, due to evanescent waves, is also included at the interface. Equivalent equilibrium temperature is used quantifying phonon intensity distribution in the combined structure. It is found that the influence of the temperature oscillation on the phonon transport is significant at the silicon interface, i. e., increasing pulse length reduces phonon intensity at the silicon interface. Temporal behavior of equivalent equilibrium temperature is similar to the temperature oscillation introduced at the left edge of the silicon. The rise in temperature in the combined film is faster in the beginning of the heating cycle.
Smart Self-Healing and Self-Sensing Cementitious Composites—Recent Developments, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: Das Avik K. , Mishra Dhanada K. , Yu Jing , Leung Christopher K. Y.
Published: September 2019

The use of smart cementitious materials is becoming increasingly critical for the enhanced serviceability of structures. The addition of carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, and various nano-powders such as nano-silica, carbon black, and graphite giving cementitious materials electrical properties that can be used for self-sensing has been known for almost two decades. Many sensing principles and techniques using smart materials have been successfully developed and applied mostly in laboratory testing over last few decades. The strong capacity of Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites for autogenous healing in addition to crack control (especially in the case of Strain-Hardening Cementitious Composites) has been reported by many researchers. Similarly, the applications of different mineral and bio-additive materials to achieve the self-healing of cracks have been noted with great interest. Design for serviceability based on the durability of the materials used in concrete structures is often neglected. With durability performance testing becoming more sophisticated, detailed service life design is being demanded in the most important infrastructure projects. The present review is focused on identifying field applications and highlighting the Performance-Driven Design Approach for tailoring material solutions for the problems likely to be faced by civil infrastructures in the future. A real-life case study is presented to illustrate the minimal cost implications of adopting the latest smart material for an eco-friendly, durable, reliable, and resilient infrastructure. Identifying critical challenges faced by the industry and developing solutions for the same is going to help bridge the current gaps between research and adoption.
Immunity and Its Effect on the Incidence of Multiple Organ Failure in Patients after the Heart Surgery
Authors: Partylova E. A. , Petrishchev Yu. I. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Malkova O. G. , Levit A. L.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study is to identify the components of immunity, which might predict the development of multiple organ failure in patients after heart surgery.

Material and methods. The study included 40 patients who were operated in cardiac surgery Department. The inclusion criteria were the presence of indications for cardiac surgery. The exclusion criteria were the presence of infective endocarditis in patients. Before the operation and after 24 hours we studied the blood level of leukocytes and lymphocytes. We analyzed the phenotype of immune cells using monoclonal antibodies, serum levels of procalcitonin and C3 and C4 complement components. All patients were evaluated for multiple organ disfunction (MOD) using the SOFA scale.

The results showed that cardiac surgery leads to the development of MOD, statistically significant multidirectional changes in both quantitative and qualitative composition of all cells of the immune system, significant changes in the level of C3 and C4 components of the cascade of complement and plasma level of pro-calcitonin. ROC analysis was revealed that the relative content of monocytes is less than 7.1% of the number of leukocytes as well as the absolute content of monocytes with the CD14 + HLA-DR + phenotype less than 0.32_109/l in the preoperative period, and the C3 level of the complement component less than 0.52 g/l, as well as the maximum SOFA score in the postoperative period, were the best predictors of MOD after the procedures.

Conclusion. The components of innate immunity make it possible to predict the complication of the cardiac surgery, earlier than the SOFA scale.
Neurotropic Effects of Hepatoprotectors During Alcohol Poisoning
Authors: Akalaev R. N. , Sharipova V. Kh. , Stopnitsky A. A. , Khodzhiev K. Sh.
Published: September 2019

Purpose.To compare the efficacy of metabolic hepatoprotectors at an early stage of acute alcohol poisoning complicated by toxic hepatitis.

Material and methods.80 patients with acute alcohol poisoning complicated by toxic hepatitis who received medical treatment in the toxicology unit of the Republican Research Center of Emergency Medicine during 2015–2017 were examined. The patients were split into 3 groups. At the background of backbone therapy, patients of group I (n=30) received a hepatoprotectors on the basis of inosine, meglumine, methionine, nicotinamide, and succinic acid; patients of group II (n=20) were prescribed to receive drugs based on betaine glucuronate (glucomethamine), diethanol amine (glucodiamine), and nicotinamide ascorbate. Patients of group III (n=30) received the backbone therapy. In all patients, the concentrations of liver enzymes, bilirubin, free ammonia, blood lactate, the condition of vegetative nervous status were analyzed. Psychoastenics was examined using the MMSE score, FAB score and Reitan test.

Results.After 48 hours, in group I patients, the concentration of blood lactate became almost normal, in group II patients it decreased to 2.6Ѓ}0.9 mmol/l, and in group III patients it was equal to 2.7Ѓ}0.9 mmol/l. On day 5, in patients of groups I and II the cognitive deficit was almost absent, in patients of group III the MMSE scores were 1.3-fold and 1.4-fold lower than in patients of groups I and II, respectively.

Conclusion.The drug used in group I possessed increased antihypoxant properties but smaller hepatoprotective properties than the drug used in group II. When signs of toxic hepatitis are predominant it would be more preferable to use the drug applied in group II and when the signs of tissue hypoxia are predominant the drug applied in group I should be used.
Early Ultrasound Signs of Splenomegaly in Neonates
Authors: Perepelitsa S. A. , Alekseeva S. V. , Vozgoment О. V.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the study is to determine early non-invasive (ultrasound) diagnostic criteria of splenomegaly in neonates with a high risk of congenital or postnatal infection.

Materials and methods. In the prospective study, 163 newborn infants of the first week of live were included. All neonates included in the study were classified as possessing a high risk of an intra-uterine infection (IUI). Depending on the birth weight, the infants were split into two groups: group «А» — 80 full-term newborns with normal birth weight, and group «В» — 83 full-term newborns with fetal growth restriction (FGR). A comprehensive examination of newborns including spleen ultrasound was carried out.

Results. An increased spleen weight coefficient (Km) was found in newborns with high risk of infection development that included congenital oromaxillofacial and gastrointestinal defects, perinatal contacts with various microorganism. The increased spleen weight and Km reflected conditions of the immune system organ of the newborn in response to an adverse exposure including infection.

Conclusion. Ultrasound examination of morphometrical characteristics of the spleen in newborns with various medical conditions represents a convenient and simple method of early diagnosis of splenomegaly. The most sensitive index is the spleen weight coefficient (Km), which reflects the immune system organ response to an adverse perinatal exposure including contact with an infectious agent. The mean spleen weight coefficient is within the range of 1.1 to 3.0. When the index exceeds 4, the risk of development of an infectious disease increases. This method can be used as a screening approach for newborns of different gestation age who have been included in the high-risk group based on a congenital or early postnatal infection.
Desarrollo Positivo en Jóvenes Involucrados en Voluntariado y su Relación con las Neuronas Espejo
Authors: Betancourt Ocampo Diana , Romo-Parra Héctor , Habermann-Villaverde Mariana , Velasco-Guadarrama Elin Mariana , Sánchez-Ibarra Alejandra Irais , Axelrod-Segal Karen , Sepúlveda-Rodríguez Rocío , González-González Alejandro
Published: September 2019

En este estudio se analizó el efecto del desarrollo positivo sobre la contribución en jóvenes, y se identificaron las diferencias entre los jóvenes que han realizado actividades de voluntariado y los que no las han realizado; además se analizó la activación de las neuronas espejo. Participaron 121 universitarios, 28.9% hombres y 71.1% mujeres, con una media de edad de 21.51 años. Se utilizó la escala de Desarrollo Positivo en Adolescentes y de Contribución, además de un instrumento conformado por dos conjuntos de estímulos visuales. Los resultados corroboraron el efecto de las 5 C’s sobre la contribución y se encontraron diferencias significativas en la escala de carácter y en dos dimensiones de contribución, donde los jóvenes que realizan actividades de voluntariado puntuaron más alto que aquellos que no las realizan. Se comprobó que existe activación en la zona correspondiente a las neuronas espejo, lo cual se relaciona con procesos empáticos. Se concluye que existe una relación entre las actividades de voluntariado y el desarrollo positivo en jóvenes universitarios.
The Cosa Mithraeum: A Long Overdue Survey
Authors: Henriques James C.
Published: September 2019

Very likely due to its modest nature, the Cosa Mithraeum has been mentioned in scholarly publications only four times – each in passing – since its discovery in 1954. This sparse attention, restricted solely to literature on Cosa, has meant that the mithraeum is well-known among those intimately familiar with the colony, but has languished in complete obscurity among Mithraic scholars for the past half century. In addition to bringing the Cosa Mithraeum to the attention of a wider audience, this article also argues for a re-evaluation of the most recent dating of the mithraeum. Recent advances in scholarship on mithraea at Ostia give ample reason to suggest that the original date for the Cosa Mithraeum might be more accurate than later interpreters have assumed. Furthermore, the ongoing excavations of Cosa's bath complex, conducted by Florida State University, Bryn Mawr College, and Tübingen University have revealed a city that was still quite active during the 2nd century CE. In light of these developments, this article is an overdue study of the Cosa Mithraeum and its role in the history of the colony.
Mithras in Moesia Inferior
Authors: Bottez Valentin
Published: September 2019

The paper starts by adding to the corpus of Mithraic monuments the recently (re)discovered monuments, from Carsium, Nicopolis ad Istrum, Tropaeum Traiani, Tomis and Capidava. In the second part it focuses on the differences and similitudes between the cults in Novae and Istros, by analysing Mithraism's place in their respective communities.
The Discovery of the Mithras Statue of Tarquinia
Authors: Scapaticci Maria Gabriella
Published: September 2019

In 2014 the discovery of a Mithras' statue at Tarquinia occurred. This was due to the Comando Tutela Patrimonio Culturale dell'Arma dei Carabinieri, which informed the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici dell'Etruria Meridionale about clandestine activities in May 2014 on the poggio della Civita – where the ancient city of Tarquinia stood – in a zone close to the Etruscan temple of the Ara della Regina (fig. 1).

As soon as possible, the Soprintendenza carried out an archaeological excavation, focusing the effort on the need to find evidence for the place of origin of the magnificent sculptural group (fig. 2), which represents Mithras Tauroctonus. This sculpture was recovered by the Carabinieri after investigation by the police, directed by the Procura della Repubblica of the law court of Rome.

Archaeological research since then has led to the discovery of another marble part of the same sculpture (fig. 3), i.e., the dog leaning on the knee of the bull and perfectly dovetailing with the Mithraic Tauroctony. The discovery of another fragment pertaining to the same sculpture is an irrefutable proof that the Mithras' statue came from the domus of the Civita of Tarquinia, which represents an important and new scientific result.

The only other sculptural group depicting Mithras in Southern Etruria was one previously found in Vulci, discovered in 1975 after a clandestine excavation close to the domus del Criptoportico. This new finding proves the spread of this cult in Tarquinia, as well, and the style of the new sculpture suggests a chronological priority of the Tarquinian Mithraeum in respect to that in Vulci.
The Material Evidence of the Roman Cult of Mithras in Dacia
Authors: Szabó Csaba
Published: September 2019

Since M. J. Vermaseren's visit to Romania and the publication of the second volume of his monumental corpus on Mithraic finds in 1960, the once-called “Mithraic Studies” has had numerous paradigmatic shifts and changed its major focus points. Besides the important changes in the theoretical background of the research, the archaeological material regarding the Mithraic finds of Dacia – one of the richest provinces in this kind of material – has also been enriched. Several new corpora focusing on the Mithraic finds of Dacia were published in the last decade. This article will present the latest currents in the study of the Roman cult of Mithras and will give an updated list of finds and several clarifications to the latest catalogue of Mithraic finds from the province.
Epigraphic Records of the Friendship of Mithras and Sol in Pannonia
Authors: Vágási Tünde
Published: September 2019

Regarding the Mithras cult, Pannonia had an exceptional status in the Roman Empire. This unique status was connected with the huge numbers of military forces stationed there. Numerous inscriptions and altars give evidence that Pannonia had an uncommon sensitivity for religions; this is why some local characteristics and relief-versions could be made, for example: dadophores with pelta shields, and unique dedicational forms which are mostly known in Pannonia, and perhaps spread from there to other parts of the Empire. In my paper, I want to show the connections between Mithras and Sol on their Pannonian representations.
Apollo as a Precedent to the Coinage of Sol Invictus
Authors: Yarza Lorenzo Pérez
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this paper is to produce an approach to Sol through Numismatics. I intend to point out the possible correspondences existing between the god Sol, referred to as Sol Invictus in historiography,1 and Apollo. While the solar facet of Phoebus Apollo is well known, to what extent he exerted an influence over Sol Invictus has yet to be elucidated. Comparing types and chronologies plus describing correspondences between the two gods in an homogeneous process may actually constitute a different approach. Three aspects will be taken into consideration: iconography exchange, the chronological relationship and the propagandistic function of coin legends. The aim is to incorporate the knowledge thus gained into a critical analysis of Sol in the 3rd century.
The Ritual Presentation of Symbols of Divinity: Power in the Isiac and Mithraic Mysteries
Authors: Freyburger Gérard
Published: September 2019

One of the most important moments in the Isiac and Mithraic mysteries is certainly that which involves the ritual presentation to the initiates of a symbol which served to explain the essence of the divinity. For the Isiac cult, we have the benefit of the famous Herculanum fresco where a priest is shown presenting, in a very ritual context, a sacred urn, doubtless containing Nile water, the very symbol of Isis. As for the Mithraic cult, we have a by no means less famous source: the text of St. Justin the Martyr which indicates that holy water and bread were shown. Our paper will analyse these two vital source documents and seek to establish, in so far as is possible, the theological content of these acts, as much by reference to the highest degree of initiation into the Mysteries of Eleusis as by consideration of the offering of bread and wine in the Christian eucharist.
‘Foreign’ Cults at Rome at the Turn of the Principate
Authors: Poletti Beatrice
Published: September 2019

Augustus' approach to cults of foreign origins has recently undergone much reconsideration. Until the late 20th century, scholars largely regarded the emperor's religious policies as deeply conservative, maintaining that Augustus was mostly preoccupied with the ‘restoration’ of ancient Italian religion and discouraged the worship of foreign gods. In the last three decades, however, scholars have identified a rather different trend, noticing, in fact, Augustus' openness towards the ‘foreign’. In this paper, I explore Augustus' position about ‘foreign’ rites that were highly popular in contemporary Rome, and specifically, the Eleusinian Mysteries, the Egyptian rites, the cult of Mater Magna, and the cult of Apollo (although, as I clarify below, the last one cannot be strictly labeled as ‘foreign’). I offer a survey of ancient literary sources – giving an interpretation of them as comprehensive as possible considering the nature of this contribution – and argue that Augustus was not only receptive of ‘foreign’ practices but was also able to shape the ‘foreign’ to his own advantage and self-promotion, transforming it into a vital feature of the new imperial reality.
Sacrificing – Feasting – Cursing
Authors: Koch Pirmin
Published: September 2019

During rescue excavations between 2009 and 2013 carried out at the periphery of the vicus at Kempraten (municipality of Rapperswil-Jona, St. Gallen, Switzerland) a Gallo-Roman sanctuary, dating from the second quarter of the 2nd to the end of the 3rd century AD, was unearthed. The excavation included intense sampling for geoarchaeology and archaeobiology, which prompted the Archaeology Department of Canton St. Gall (KASG) to launch an interdisciplinary project. Four curse tablets attest to the cult of Magna Mater in the sanctuary at Kempraten.

This paper presents the first results of the interdisciplinary study and compares them to the Magna Mater sanctuary at Mainz (Germany), focusing on 1. the layout of the sanctuary, 2. sacrificing, 3. feastings and 4. cursing. The comparison between both sites showed that there was no strict setting of rituals in the cult of Magna Mater, but the importance of cursing and of burnt sacrifices is characteristic for both sites. Summing up: The temple precinct at Kempraten had a specific setting, which showed on one hand local and regional influences, for instance in terms of the temple architecture and the choice of food offerings. On the other hand, distinct differences between the Kempraten sanctuary and local Gallo-Roman sanctuaries can be observed, for instance in relation to cursing, the composition and the importance of the burnt offerings.
Specific Aspects of Mithraism in Etruria and Umbria
Authors: Rivera Rebeca Rubio
Published: September 2019

The Mithraic evidence in Etruria and Umbria – VII and VI Regiones – presents some particular features of great interest, not only because they contribute to enlarging our knowledge regarding the extent of the diffusion of Mithraism in these regions, but also as regards the general study of the cult itself and the comprehension of certain facets of the cultic implantation patterns within the religious communities.

The epigraphic corpus of Mithraism in Umbria provides valuable information concerning some grades of initiation and Mithraic priesthood, highlighting the specificity of this religion. The importance of such information transcends what we know about the local level, by revealing details about the functioning of the cult in general, especially regarding the degree of Leo and some variants of the priesthood, which are poorly documented elsewhere in the Roman Empire.

In addition, the discovery of Mithraea, Mithraic images and other archaeological evidence in Etruria and Umbria provides a picture that shows an important spread of the worship in the private context, i.e., both domus and villae, with examples as relevant as Vulci and Spoletium. Further ahead, the prevalence of astral components in the material evidence also suggests a strong preference among local devotees of Mithras of higher social status for the cosmological aspects of their religion.
Adonis and Augustan Poets
Authors: Gagliardi Paola
Published: September 2019

Adonis presents a special case of Romans' wide interest in Eastern religions during the Augustan age: he was brought to Rome by poets, and for this reason his ‘existence’ in Latin culture was exclusively literary. His worship never had the same importance as in Hellenistic Egypt, but the pathos of this figure, and his story of love and death aroused the interest of the elegiac poets, in particular, who used his exemplum to illustrate certain τόποι of their genre and to emphasize the originality of their poetry. Through the analysis of his treatment in Propertius and in Ovid a series of reflections on elegy's nature and sense can be reconstructed in an interesting dialogue between the two poets.
A Newly Discovered Mithraeum at Ostia
Authors: David Massimiliano
Published: September 2019

In 2014, during the archaeological investigations carried out by the University of Bologna (Department of History and Cultures – Section of Archaeology), within the Ostia Marina Project, in the suburban neighborhood out of Porta Marina (block IV, ix), a new building has been found with outstanding Mithraic features. The building, for the special type of the marble floor of the spelaeum, has been conventionally called the “Mithraeum of colored marbles”. The spelaeum has a single bench, a ritual well and a flowerbed for a sacred plant. It differs clearly both in form and size from the typical patterns of the mithraea discovered until now in ancient Ostia. On the basis of the currently available data, a very late chronology (end of 4th century AD) can be proposed for the building.
The So-called “Mithraic Cave” of Angera
Authors: De Togni Stefano
Published: September 2019

The existence of a mithraeum at Angera (VA, Italy) was assumed for the first time in the 19th century, after the discovery of two Mithraic inscriptions re-used as ornaments of a private garden in the middle of the small town. The location of the alleged mithraeum is still uncertain: the inscriptions have been found out of context, and the place of worship has never been localized.

The “Antro mitraico” (Mithraic Cave), also known as “Tana del Lupo”, is a natural cave situated at the base of the East wall of the cliff on which the Rocca Borromeo (the Castle of Angera) stands. At the cave the most visible archaeological evidences are tens of breaches cut into the outside rocky wall, which probably contained votive inscriptions or stele. These elements denote the use of the cave as a place of worship.

In 1868 Biondelli identified in the cave the location of a Mithraic cult, giving rise to a theory that continues still today. If, on the one hand, the proposal appeared plausible, there is no clear evidence that in the cave a mithraeum was ever set up; besides, the presence of many an ex voto is in conflict with the mysteric ritual practices. This paper is intended to present an analytical study of the monument, with a broader inquiry on the characteristics of mithraea and other sanctuaries within natural caves.
Electrolysis for hydrogen production
Authors: Patel Prachi , Ayers Kathy
Published: September 2019

The lightest element has carried a heavy burden for half a century. Expectations for the hydrogen economy, first proposed in the 1970s, have been high. But hydrogen as a renewable, low-carbon fuel for vehicles, heating, and energy storage has remained evasive, held back by high costs, low efficiency, and a lack of infrastructure and storage technologies.
Power Ranges
Authors: Tully Caroline , Crooks Sam
Published: September 2019

During the Aegean Bronze Age, the island of Crete was home to Minoan civilisation (3100–1300 BCE). The Cretan landscape is characterised by prominent mountain ranges. During the Middle Bronze Age (c. 2000 BCE) cult sites began to proliferate on mountain peaks in response to climatic changes. Peak sanctuaries were locations of popular religious expression focussed on human, animal, and environmental health and fertility. In the Neopalatial period (1750–1490 BCE) peak sanctuary cults were appropriated by palatial elites and the Minoan cosmological framework, oriented toward mountains, was institutionalised. Analysis of the Minoan landscape, palatial art, architecture, and ritual performance demonstrates a close association between elite figures and real and symbolic mountains. The metaphysical terrain of Crete was politicised as mountain symbolism was used to naturalise Neopalatial elite status and identity. The mountain form signified and symbolised power relations functioning as an instrument of elite ideology.
Andrew R.H. Thompson, 'Sacred Mountains: A Christian Ethical Approach to Mountaintop Removal'
Authors: Nichols Amanda
Published: September 2019

Andrew R.H. Thompson, Sacred Mountains: A Christian Ethical Approach to Mountaintop

Removal (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2015), x +193 pp., $60.00 (cloth),

ISBN: 978-0-8131-6599-8.
Politicizations of a Sacred River
Authors: Lafaye de Micheaux Flore
Published: September 2019

The Gaumukh-Uttarkashi Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) conservation perimeter in the Himalayan Garhwal region was gazetted in December 2012. However, this was only one moment in a tense and twisted political process, which began in 2004, between pro-dam and anti-dam coalitions. The sacredness of this holy source of the Ganges played a role in the political fate of this decision, along with conflicting perspectives defended by hydropower proponents versus environmentalists or state versus central governments. Some of the actors’ motivations and political strategies derived from the formulation of a different ontology of the river, in which the river and humans are intrinsically connected or share an internal relation. The effects of this mobilization were volatile in the ESZ process but the ontological dimension of the conflict has had ramifications on later politics and policies. This case highlights the interest of bringing insights from political ontology into the political ecology of water.
Celia Deane-Drummond, Sigurd Bergmann, and Marcus Vogt (eds.), 'Religion in the Anthropocene'
Authors: Hogue Michael
Published: September 2019

Celia Deane-Drummond, Sigurd Bergmann, and Marcus Vogt (eds.), Religion in the

Anthropocene (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2017), xxiii + 338 pp., $42 (pbk), ISBN: 9781498291910.
Liselotte Frisk and Peter Åkerbäck, '?New Religiosity in Contemporary Sweden?:? The Dalarna Study in National and International Context?'
Authors: Gregorius Fredrik
Published: September 2019

Liselotte Frisk and Peter Åkerbäck,? New Religiosity in Contemporary Sweden?:? The Dalarna Study in National and International Context? (London: Equinox, 2015), 256 pp., $80.00 (hbk), ISBN: 978-1781791172.
Phlegmatic Landscapes
Authors: Whitney Elspeth
Published: September 2019

Understanding medieval landscapes as sacred sites reveals underlying tensions in medieval thought between the placement of human beings outside of nature and a view that humans are in, and part of, the natural world. This article examines the relationship of landscape and human experience in late medieval allegorical dream visions of pilgrimage with particular attention to the descriptions of swamps or swamp-like environments and their effects. According to complexion theory, humoral makeup shaped natural entities, including human physiology and psychology. The phlegmatic person’s complexional coldness and moisture predisposed that person to the sin of acedia or spiritual despair, just as the stagnant swamp threatened to trap those who passed through it. The swamp and other wetland landscapes therefore appeared in these texts as an acknowledgment that the pilgrim/poet/narrator might suffer defeat through their own inability to move toward the good. This relationship was constitutive as well as metaphorical, as inhabiting a swamp induced phlegmatic characteristics.