bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DURABILITY OF CONCRETE IN COAST PROTECTION WORKS
Authors: Allen R.T.L. , Terrett F.L.
Published: February 2019

Frost action and biological attack are not important causes of damage to concrete in coast protection works in the British Isles and no cases of alkali-aggregate reaction have been positively identified. Chemical attack is usually confined to structures containing concrete of indifferent quality. Damage to exposed concrete structures due to abrasion by wave driven shingle is, however, extensive at many sites in the United Kingdom and gives rise to a considerable maintenance problem. A series of experimental panels was laid in the apron of a sea wall at Fleetwood in 1961 in order to compare the performance of different concrete mixes when exposed to attack by the sea. Some provisional conclusions have been drawn from a study of the results of this experiment, and a survey of coast defence works in England and Wales has provided additional information. Suggestions are made for further research into factors affecting the durability of concrete in coast protection works.
THE JULY 20, 2017 BODRUM/KOS EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI: FIELD SURVEYS, LESSONS and MODELING
Authors: YalÃ§Ä±ner Ahmet Cevdet , Annunziato Alessandro , Papadopoulos Gerassimos A. , Dogan Gozde Guney , Guler Hasan Gokhan , Sozdinler Ceren Ozer , Ulutas Ergin , Arikawa Taro , Suzen M. Lutfi , Tufekci Duygu , KÃ¢noÄŸlu Utku , Guler Isikhan , Synolakis Costas
Published: February 2019

A magnitude (Mw) 6.6 earthquake occurred on July 20, 2017 (22:31 UTC) in between Bodrum, Turkey and Kos Island, Greece. Field surveys are conducted in the region (Yalciner et al., 2017) including southern and northern coastlines of Bodrum peninsula, Karaada, Akyaka town and Kos Island. A tide gauge located in Bodrum main port recorded the tsunami. The main objectives of these field surveys are to document tsunami effects along the coast, to obtain the available data on the wave height and inundation extent, and to understand and explain the tsunami source in details. In addition, questionnaires were conducted during the field survey in order to understand evacuation behavior and have clearly shown that the disaster education and public awareness are still low in the region. Numerical modeling studies are carried out in order to investigate the tsunami generation mechanism by comparing model and survey results. It is seen that the source of the earthquake is at the south of Karaada-Black Island and the maximum subsidence of the sea bottom might be about 40 cm. Lessons learnt from this event related to disaster education and public awareness in the region are also discussed. Furthermore, the tsunami warning issues under local short arrival time of tsunamis are commented.
PROBABILISTIC MODELING OF ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS UNDER SURGE AND WAVE LOADS
Authors: Bernier Carl , Padgett Jamie
Published: February 2019

This study presents the development of probabilistic models to assess the structural performance of a typical aboveground storage tank (AST) subjected to storm surge and wave loads. First, a finite element model is developed and validated against experimental results to determine hydrodynamic loads on the AST. This finite element model is then employed to derive a regression model of the hydrodynamic loads across ranges of surge and wave parameters using an Artificial Neural Network. This regression model is used as a surrogate of the finite element model to facilitate the investigation of the structural behavior of the case study AST. Finally, the buckling behavior of the AST and the stability of the tank to dislocation (uplift, overturning, or siding) are assessed for various AST modeling parameters and load conditions in order to develop fragility models. Two distinct fragility models are derived, one for dislocation and one for buckling. Key insights on the influence of surge and wave loads are obtained from these models. Results indicate that wave loads and hydrodynamic effects are significant, and neglecting them could underestimate the probability of dislocation or buckling of the AST by up to 30%. Overall, this paper proposes a rigorous yet efficient methodology for the fragility modeling of ASTs during storm events and opens the path for future investigations of the performance of ASTs with a range of design details and exposure conditions.
RISK ASSESSMENT OF AGGREGATE LOSS BY STORM SURGE INUNDATION IN ISE AND MIKAWA BAY
Authors: Hirai Shota , Yasuda Tomohiro
Published: February 2019

In the event of disaster, the risk of disaster are intertwined, and there is an occurrence possibility of simultaneous damage in multiple areas. Nationwide companies have more risks of simultaneous damage in multiple areas by one disaster. For example, factories in Osaka and in Nagoya, can be damaged by one typhoon. In this case, company will need more money when damage happened and better to make special insurance contract, e.g. Catastrophe bond. On the other hand, insurance company has to assess amount of insurance payout because to pay it for contracted companies quickly. Insurance company may have difficulty to estimate total amount since there are few researches assessing aggregate loss caused by coastal disasters. This research proposes a procedure of assessment of aggregate loss by storm surges in Ise and Mikawa Bay located in Aichi prefecture, Japan.
THE EFFECT OF SHEAR STRENGTH AND MOISTURE CONTENT ON THE FLUID VELOCITY THRESHOLD OF WIND EROSION
Authors: Zambrano-Cruzatty Luis , Stark Nina , Yerro Alba
Published: February 2019

Wind erosion is an important component of coastal dune morphodynamics, and has been subject to research since decades (e.g., Bagnold 1941; Han et al. 2009). However, many expressions to predict fluid threshold velocity for wind erosion are not generally valid. For instance, Han et al. (2009) showed that some expressions struggle to predict the threshold velocity for tropical and/or humid coastal areas. We hypothesize that a shear strength limit equilibrium approach can incorporate the effects of moisture content, particle sorting and shape, slope angle, and cohesion into a general equation that would be applicable to a range of environmental and soil conditions. The objective of this study is to test this hypothesis using data sets published by McKenna-Neuman and Nickling (1989).
THEORETICAL FORMS OF SHORELINES
Authors: Grijm W.
Published: February 2019

Laboratory tests say that the littoral transport by waves reaches a maximum value when the waves approach the shore obliquely. In some way this must lead to peculiarities in the forms of shorelines. Therefore we put the question what types of shorelines can mathematically exist assuming the littoral transport is ruled by the function sin 2oC where c< is the angle between the wave front and the shoreline. This yields some basic types of shorelines. After a brief description of the mathematical treatment these results will be discussed. This paper is a continuation of the paper presented on the same subject at the 7 conference on coastal engineering.
Assessing lek attendance of male greater sage‐grouse using fine‐resolution GPS data: Implications for population monitoring of lek mating grouse
Authors: Wann Gregory T. , Coates Peter S. , Prochazka Brian G. , Severson John P. , Monroe Adrian P. , Aldridge Cameron L.
Published: February 2019

Counts of males displaying on breeding grounds are the primary management tool used to assess population trends in lekking grouse species. Despite the importance of male lek attendance (i.e., proportion of males on leks available for detection) influencing lek counts, patterns of within season and between season variability in attendance rates are not well understood. We used high‐frequency global positioning system (GPS) telemetry data from male greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; n = 67) over five lekking seasons (2013–2017) at eight study sites in Nevada to estimate lek attendance rates. Specifically, we recorded daily locations of sage‐grouse in relation to mapped lek boundaries and used generalized additive models to assess temporal variation in attendance rates by age class (subadult vs. adult). Average timing of peak attendance occurred on 16 April but varied from March 16, 2014 to April 21 , 2016. Overall, adult males attended leks at higher rates (0.683 at peak) and earlier in the season (19 March) than subadults (0.421 at peak on April 19). Peak attendance probability was positively related to cumulative winter precipitation. Daily probabilities of lek switching differed between adults (0.019 at peak on March 3) and subadults (0.046 at peak on March 22), and lek switching was negatively related to distance to nearest lek. Our results indicate variable patterns in lek attendance through time, and that lek switching may occur at higher rates than previously thought. We demonstrate the use of generalizable daily attendance curves to date‐correct lek counts and derive estimates of male abundance, although such an approach will likely require the incorporation of information on age structure to produce robust results that are useful for population monitoring.
Multifunctional Block Copolymers for Simultaneous Solubilization of Poorly Water‐Soluble Cholesterol and Hydroxyapatite Crystals
Authors: Keckeis Philipp , Drabinová Eliška , Ruiz‐Agudo Cristina , Avaro Jonathan , Glatt Lisa , Sedlák Miloš , Cölfen Helmut
Published: February 2019

The solubilization of targeted compounds represents key criteria in the sophisticated field of medical chemistry but also in technical applications like scale removal. Especially, the simultaneous dissolution of two chemically different compounds remains challenging. Herein, macromolecular solubilizers are introduced for the simultaneous dissolution and encapsulation of poorly water‐soluble cholesterol and hydroxyapatite. The peptide‐based, amphiphilic block copolymers possess physicochemically disparate segments combined in one polymer chain as binding sites for hydrophobic as well as ionic materials. Small polymer libraries are synthesized and screened for structure–property relationships. Complementary analytical techniques suggest polymeric self‐assembly into spherical adaptive nanoparticles with the fundamental ability to passively absorb significant amounts of hydrophobic cholesterol up to 33 wt%. Furthermore, the additional incorporation of acidic domains enables the simultaneous dissolution of hydrophobic compounds and mineral phases such as hydroxyapatite. Ultimately, those nontoxic block copolymers can be used to solubilize and absorb other lipophilic and ionic compounds such as Sudan III dye and calcium ions. Such multifunctional nanomaterials have a wide range of direct application for simultaneous dissolution or delivery of hydrophobic molecules and cations resp. minerals for instance in the field of atherosclerosis.
Unified Catalyst for Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Production by Both the Electrolysis of Water and the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane
Authors: Liu Yuan , Yong Xue , Liu Zhongyi , Chen Zhimin , Kang Zhenhui , Lu Siyu
Published: February 2019

Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier for a future sustainable energy economy. The two most promising routes for its large‐scale production in high purity are electrocatalytic water splitting and chemical release from hydrogen‐storage materials. The rational design and synthesis of robust catalysts for hydrogen evolution are crucial stages in the development of hydrogen as an energy source. This work reports the production of a novel hydrogen evolution catalyst consisting of uniform hollow porous carbon spheres loaded with ruthenium nanoclusters via a simple hydrothermal process at low temperature. The catalyst not only exhibits extraordinary catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction, with extremely low overpotentials at all pH values, but also shows outstanding activity for hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) with a high turnover frequency. Furthermore, the catalyst remains stable during both reactions, thus allowing one unified catalyst to facilitate hydrogen generation by two different methods for highly efficient and superstable hydrogen production. This work may provide a template method for rational design and fabrication of various metals/N‐doped carbon catalysts that promote hydrogen production through both the electrolysis of water and the hydrolysis of AB, which will advance the development of hydrogen as an energy source.
Uniform silver nanoparticles on tunable porous N‐doped carbon nanospheres for aerobic oxidative synthesis of aryl nitriles from benzylic alcohols
Authors: Hashemi Alireza Nemati , Eshghi Hossein , Lamei Kamran
Published: February 2019

Tunable N‐doped carbon nanospheres from sucrose as carbon source and Tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TAEA) as nitrogen source by a simple and easily reproducible method were prepared. It was demonstrated that the tunable N‐doping of carbon spheres could be realized by altering the ratio of TAEA in the raw materials. The content of doped nitrogen, surface area, pore volume and pore size of carbon nanospheres were increased with the increasing of TAEA amount in the hydrothermal process. Prepared N‐doped carbon nanospheres act as solid ligand for anchoring of Ag NPs which generated via chemical reduction of Ag ions. Benzylic alcohols and aldehydes were converted into the aryl nitriles by using Ag/N‐CS‐1 nanospheres as the catalyst and O2 as the oxidant, efficiently. This catalyst was stable and could use for 6 successful runs.
Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis secondary to pegfilgrastim in a patient with synovial sarcoma
Authors: Puar Neha , Scheele Allek , Perez Marques Francesca , Panicker Jyoti
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

Here, we report a case of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) in a teenage male with synovial sarcoma associated with extracutaneous manifestations including myositis and splenomegaly secondary to pegfilgrastim. To the best of our knowledge, NEH has not been previously reported to occur in association with extracutaneous manifestations.
Mitochondrial complex deficiency by novel compound heterozygous TMEM70 variants and correlation with developmental delay, undescended testicle, and left ventricular noncompaction in a Japanese patient: A case report
Authors: Hirono Keiichi , Ichida Fukiko , Nishio Natsuhito , Ogawa‐Tominaga Minako , Fushimi Takuya , Feichtinger Rene′ G. , Mayr Johannes A. , Kohda Masakazu , Kishita Yoshihito , Okazaki Yasushi , Ohtake Akira , Murayama Kei
Published: February 2019

Key Clinical Message

We identified novel compound heterozygous TMEM70 variants in a Japanese patient who had hyperlactacidemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperalaninemia, developmental delay, undescended testicle, and left ventricular noncompaction. The urinary organic acids profile revealed elevated levels of 3‐MGA, and BN‐PAGE/Western blotting analysis and ETC. activity confirmed complex V deficiency.
Interpretation of the Role of Composition on the Inclusion Efficiency of Monovalent Cations into Cobalt Hexacyanoferrate
Authors: Zhang Nan , Kawamoto Tohru , Jiang Yong , Takahashi Akira , Ishizaki Manabu , Asai Miyuki , Kurihara Masato , Zhang Zhenya , Lei Zhongfang , Parajuli Durga
Published: February 2019

Cobalt hexacyanoferrate of various compositions was prepared in flow mode and the role of the vacancy on the structure, thermogravimetric (TG) properties, and the adsorption efficiency was studied. The material, NayCo[Fe(CN)6]1−x⋅z H2O, with a minimum vacancy of x=0.014 to the highest x=0.47, was obtained. The TG‐differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) profile showed a distinct influence of the vacancy on the water release temperature. Materials with x>0.35 showed a smooth release of water at a relatively lower temperature. However, for the materials with x<0.35, water release took place in multiple steps, suggesting the existence of various forms of water. The FTIR profiles supported the existence of free and bonded water molecules. However, the materials with multiple water peaks in the FTIR spectra showed a shift of the major XRD peaks when heated at 285 °C in N2 atmosphere. Regarding the effect of the vacancy on the adsorption behavior, for NH4, the adsorption was found to be proportional to the number of Na atoms in the material, confirming the ion‐exchange process. On the contrary, the materials with low vacancy and high Na content showed nominal Cs adsorption capacity. Interestingly, the K adsorption capacity was found to be in between that of the other two ions. This means the ionic size decides the rate of placement into the interstitial sites. For larger ions like Cs, the ease of percolation via the vacancy decides the overall adsorption efficiency.
Characterization of Residence Time Distribution in a Plug Flow Reactor
Authors: Bogatykh Innokentij , Osterland Thomas
Published: February 2019

One of the biggest advantages of plug flow reactors lies in their narrow residence time distribution. The pulse experiment, as a common method on acquiring that distribution, relies on the tracer injection being a perfect pulse. A deviation from a perfect pulse leads to erroneous results if not taken into account. With a numerical analysis of experimental data, this effect is quantified in turbulent and laminar flow regime and the results are compared to an analytical method. Significant deviations occur mostly in the turbulent regime, which has the greatest technical relevance.
Energy conserving texture‐based adaptable compressive sensing scheme for WVSN
Authors: Subbu Lakshmi T.C. , Gnanadurai D. , Muthulakshmi I.
Published: February 2019

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have gained considerable research interest due to its wider applicability and efficiency. Due to the technological advancement, the WSN is multifaceted and one of the facets is the Wireless Visual Sensor Network (WVSN). The core functionality of WVSN is to handle multimedia data that involves data processing and transference, which, in turn, consumes more energy. Data transference requires more energy and the energy consumption is reduced by the concept of compressive sensing. Understanding the benefits of compressive sensing, this article proposes an adaptable compressive scheme that relies on the texture property of the video frames. The texture property is extracted by means of Local Directional Pattern (LDP). The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated in terms of image quality, time, and energy consumption. The proposed approach outperforms the comparative approaches with reasonable performance.
Early (Day 15 Post Diagnosis) Peripheral Blood Assessment of Measurable Residual Disease in Flow Cytometry is a Strong Predictor of Outcome in Childhood B‐Lineage Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Loosveld Marie , Nivaggioni Vanessa , Arnoux Isabelle , Bernot Denis , Michel Gérard , Béné Marie C. , Eveillard Marion
Published: February 2019

Background

In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) low levels of minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction, essentially assessed in the bone marrow, have been shown to be of good prognosis. However, only few studies have tested the peripheral blood for MRD.

Methods

Here, we report the impact on survival of peripheral blood (PB) MRD assessment by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) at early time points of treatment in 125 B‐ALL children, compared to Day 35 molecular bone marrow (BM) MRD. Patients were sampled for MFC one week postdiagnosis after a pre‐phase of corticotherapy (Day 8), then after one week of chemotherapy (Day 15). The study enrolled 67 boys and 58 girls with a median follow‐up of 52 months. Over the duration of the study, 20 patients relapsed and eight died. MFC was performed based on the leukemia‐associated immunophenotype at diagnosis, using panels of 10 antibodies.

Results

Although, PB MFC‐MRD had no prognostic impact at Day 8, Day 15 MRD negativity was associated with a significantly better 4 years DFS (91.6 ± 3% vs. 67.6 ± 9% P = 0.0013). Furthermore, while MFC and molecular data were concordant in most cases, patients with detectable PB MRD on Day 15, yet negative in BM on Day 35 had a significantly lower DFS (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that the less invasive procedure of MFC‐MRD assessment in PB can be informative for childhood ALL patients at the early point of Day 15 of the treatment schedule. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Textile Bewehrung in der Lagerfuge von Kellermauerwerk und windbelasteten Ausfachungswänden
Authors: Erler Maik , Jäger Wolfram
Published: February 2019

The successful structural verification of basement walls under earth pressure loading with light vertical loading is often difficult. This situation is often encountered for external basement walls under terrace doors, stairs, masonry light wells, etc., where the vertical loading that is theoretically necessary is absent. This makes it impossible to resist the acting flexural forces from earth using a vertical arch model alone. In such cases the basement wall must also resist the earth pressure in a horizontal direction. However, due to the fact the bending moment capacity of unreinforced masonry parallel to the bed joint is low you have the option here of using a textile‐reinforced bed joint with longitudinal fibres of alkali‐resistant glass or carbon fibre. With an appropriately adapted textile reinforcement in the bed joints, the masonry can fulfil the requirements for load‐bearing capacity against earth pressure with a horizontal load transfer, even under a small vertical load. The same applies to infill walls subjected to high wind loads the bending moment capacities of which are also slightly parallel to and vertically to the bed joint and cannot be provably demonstrated on large infill surfaces and strong wind loads. The load‐bearing can also be increased by improving the flexural strength parallel to the bed joint. The Chair of Structural Design in the Faculty of Architecture of the Technical University (TU) Dresden was carrying out extensive numerical and experimental studies for this purpose. In the journal Mauerwerk 01/2018 [1] first findings from small trial series have already been presented. In the meantime, a series of large‐scale tests have additionally been performed to check the promising results of the small‐scale tests with respect to their real applicability. This report should provide a combined insight into the work of the concluded research project.
Midline carcinoma expressing NUT in malignant effusion cytology
Authors: Shenoy Krithika Damodar , Stanzione Nicholas , Caron Justin E. , Fishbein Gregory A. , Abtin Fereidoun , Lluri Gentian , Hirschowitz Sharon L.
Published: February 2019

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) midline carcinoma (NMC) is a rare and aggressive subset of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma that is defined by t(15,19) and typically presents in the midline structures of the head, neck, and mediastinum. We report two cases of NMC that presented uniquely with malignant pleural and pericardial effusions including one with cardiac tamponade at presentation. The first case is of a 25‐year‐old male patient who presented with progressive dyspnea associated with palpitations and dizziness on standing, found to have large bilateral pleural effusions. The second case is of a previously healthy 29‐year‐old male patient who presented with progressive dyspnea, cough with expectoration, and a large right lower neck mass of 3 months onset, and a large left pleural effusion and left lung infiltrate on imaging studies. Both cases showed malignant cells on cytology suggestive of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Subsequent histopathological and immunochemistry studies were consistent with the diagnosis of NMC. Both patients had a rapid decline in status and suffered comorbidities secondary to their carcinoma, inevitably leading to their death. It is important to consider NUT midline carcinomas can present in a variety of clinical scenarios, and it is important to consider in the differential diagnoses when evaluating malignant effusion cytology. Utilization of ancillary testing with a broad immunostain profile including NUT studies, as well as fluorescent in‐situ hydridization (FISH) studies are helpful and necessary in making the appropriate diagnosis.
Environmental DNA metabarcoding of wild flowers reveals diverse communities of terrestrial arthropods
Authors: Thomsen Philip Francis , Sigsgaard Eva E.
Published: February 2019

Terrestrial arthropods comprise the most species‐rich communities on Earth, and grassland flowers provide resources for hundreds of thousands of arthropod species. Diverse grassland ecosystems worldwide are threatened by various types of environmental change, which has led to decline in arthropod diversity. At the same time, monitoring grassland arthropod diversity is time‐consuming and strictly dependent on declining taxonomic expertise. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding of complex samples has demonstrated that information on species compositions can be efficiently and non‐invasively obtained. Here, we test the potential of wild flowers as a novel source of arthropod eDNA. We performed eDNA metabarcoding of flowers from several different plant species using two sets of generic primers, targeting the mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and COI. Our results show that terrestrial arthropod species leave traces of DNA on the flowers that they interact with. We obtained eDNA from at least 135 arthropod species in 67 families and 14 orders, together representing diverse ecological groups including pollinators, parasitoids, gall inducers, predators, and phytophagous species. Arthropod communities clustered together according to plant species. Our data also indicate that this experiment was not exhaustive, and that an even higher arthropod richness could be obtained using this eDNA approach. Overall, our results demonstrate that it is possible to obtain information on diverse communities of insects and other terrestrial arthropods from eDNA metabarcoding of wild flowers. This novel source of eDNA represents a vast potential for addressing fundamental research questions in ecology, obtaining data on cryptic and unknown species of plant‐associated arthropods, as well as applied research on pest management or conservation of endangered species such as wild pollinators.
Assessing the relative vulnerabilities of Mid‐Atlantic freshwater wetlands to projected hydrologic changes
Authors: Wardrop Denice H. , Hamilton Anna T. , Nassry Michael Q. , West Jordan M. , Britson Aliana J.
Published: February 2019

Wetlands are known to provide a myriad of vital ecosystem functions and services, which may be under threat from a changing climate. However, these effects may not be homogenous across ecosystem functions, wetland types, ecoregions, or meso‐scale watersheds, making broad application of the same management techniques inappropriate. Here, we present a relative wetland vulnerabilities framework, applicable across a range of spatial and temporal scales, to assist in identifying effective and robust management strategies in light of climate change. We deconstruct vulnerability into dimensions of exposure and sensitivity/adaptive capacity, and identify relevant measures of these as they pertain to the attributes of wetland extent and plant community composition. As a test of the framework, we populate it with data for three primary hydrogeomorphic wetland types (riverine, slope, and depression) in seven small watersheds across four ecoregions (Ridge and Valley, Piedmont, Unglaciated Plateau, and Glaciated Plateau) in the Susquehanna River watershed in Pennsylvania. We use data generated from the SRES A2 emissions experiment and MRI‐CGCM2.3.2 climate model as input to the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model to simulate future exposure to altered hydrologic conditions in our seven watersheds, as expressed in two hydrologic metrics: % time groundwater levels occur in the upper 30 cm (rooting zone) during the growing season, and median difference between spring and summer mean water levels. We then examine the spatial and temporal scales at which each of the components of vulnerability (exposure and sensitivity/adaptive capacity) shows significant relative differences. Overall, we find that relative differences in exposure persist at a very fine spatial grain, exhibiting high variability even among individual watersheds in a given ecoregion. For temporal scale, we find strong seasonal but weak annual relative differences in exposure resulting from a magnification of summer dry‐down combined with winter and spring wet periods becoming wetter. Sensitivities/adaptive capacities show significant differences among wetland types. A comparison between our anticipated hydrologic alterations under climate change and historical changes in hydrology due to anthropogenic disturbance indicates potential shifts in hydrologic patterns that are far beyond anything that wetland managers have experienced in the past.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Physical Properties of Chromium and Rhodium Hydrogarnets Ca3[Cr(OH)6]2, Sr3[Cr(OH)6]2 and Sr3[Rh(OH)6]2
Authors: Albrecht Ralf , Hunger Jens , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael
Published: February 2019

The hydrogarnets Ca3[Cr(OH)6]2, Sr3[Cr(OH)6]2 and Sr3[Rh(OH)6]2 were synthesized under hydroflux condition at about 200 °C. The starting materials Ca(NO3)2·6H2O, Sr(NO3)2, Cr(NO3)3·9H2O and RhI3 were reacted in mixtures of water and potassium hydroxide with molar ratios between 1.2:1 and 3:1. The structures and thermal properties of these hydrogarnets were studied by X‐ray diffraction, thermal analysis, electron microscopy as well as infrared and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Low temperature single‐crystal diffraction measurements revealed katoite‐like structures, in which the tetrahedrally coordinated metal positions of the garnet are unoccupied and hydroxide ions replace the oxide anions for charge compensation. IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxide groups, which form weak hydrogen bonds. The thermal decomposition of Ca3[CrIII(OH)6]2 first yields CaCrVIO4 and CaO at 314 °C, which then react to Ca3(CrVO4)2 at 823 °C. The decomposition of Sr3[Cr(OH)6]2 proceeds similarly in the first step but results in the mixed valent compound Sr2.67(CrVO4)1.33(CrVIO4)0.67 at 730 °C. The decomposition of Sr3[Rh(OH)6]2 under the same conditions results in Sr10.5RhIII3RhIV4.5O24.
Sorption‐Enhanced Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Terreni Jasmin , Trottmann Matthias , Franken Tanja , Heel Andre , Borgschulte Andreas
Published: February 2019

A small heat of reaction limits the efficiency of the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to form methanol; an improved efficiency can be achieved by shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium toward the formation of methanol. The exothermic adsorption of the products in sorption catalysts is shown to increase the reaction yield. The sorption catalysts consist of catalytically active Cu particles incorporated into a zeolite, which is known to strongly absorb water. In addition to high reaction yield of methanol, the sorption catalyst reduces CO2 to CO and dimethyl ether. An enhancement factor of up to 400% for CO and 130% for methanol and dimethyl ether at a relatively low pressure of 15 bar is shown. Furthermore, the following relevant parameters for future technical realization are derived: a high catalytic activity and the reversible adsorption of the products at reaction conditions. A key experiment that combines a catalytic reaction and a pressure swing desorption is presented and demonstrates the feasibility of sorption‐enhanced catalysis for efficient energy use in large‐scale reactors.
Seismic responses of postyield hardening single–degree‐of‐freedom systems incorporating high‐strength elastic material
Authors: Qiang Hanlin , Feng Peng , Qu Zhe
Published: February 2019

It is widely accepted that ductility design improves the seismic capacity of structures worldwide. Nevertheless, inelastic deformation allows serious damage to occur in structures. Previous studies have shown that a certain level of postyield stiffness may reduce both the peak displacement and residual deformation of a structure. In recent years, several high‐strength elastic materials, such as fiber‐reinforced polymer (FRP) and high‐strength steel bars, have been developed. Application of these materials can easily provide a structure with a much higher and more stable postyield stiffness. Many materials, members, and structures that incorporate both high‐strength elastic materials and conventional materials show significant postyield hardening (PYH) behaviors. The significant postyield stiffness of PYH structures can help effectively reduce both peak and residual deformations, providing a choice when designing resilient structures. However, the findings of previous studies of structures with elastic‐perfectly plastic (EPP) behavior or small postyield stiffness may not be accurate for PYH structures. The postyield stiffness of a structure must be considered an important primary structural parameter, in addition to initial stiffness, yielding strength, and ductility. In this paper, extensive time history and statistical analyses are carried out for PYH single–degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) systems. The mean values and coefficients of variation of the peak displacement and residual deformation are obtained and discussed. A new R‐μp‐T‐α relationship and damage index for PYH structures are proposed. A theoretical model for the calculation of residual deformation is also established. These models provide a basis for developing the appropriate seismic design and performance evaluation procedures for PYH structures.
Tailoring bilberry powder functionality through processing: Effects of drying and fractionation on the stability of total polyphenols and anthocyanins
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel , Eliasson Lovisa , Ehrnell Maria , Höglund Evelina , Andlid Thomas , Alminger Marie
Published: February 2019

Bilberries are a rich natural source of phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. The press cake obtained during the processing of bilberry juice is a potential source of phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate different drying techniques and the fractionation of bilberry press cake powder toward obtaining phenolic‐rich ingredients for incorporation into value‐added food products. The derived powders were dispersed in water and dairy cream, to investigate the effects of drying and fractionation on the dispersibility and solubility of phenolic compounds. The drying techniques, hot air drying and microwave drying, applied on bilberry press cake reduced the content of total phenolics and anthocyanins. The degradation was, however, consistently small and similar for both techniques. The major anthocyanins detected in the samples were stable during drying and fractionation treatments. Fractionation of the press cake powder affected the total apparent phenolic content and composition of the different fractions. The highest phenolic content (55.33 ± 0.06 mg g−1 DW) and highest anthocyanin content (28.15 ± 0.47 mg g−1 DW) were found in the fractions with the smallest particle size (<500 μm), with delphinidin‐3‐O‐galactoside being the most abundant anthocyanin. Dispersibility of all dried powder samples was higher in dairy cream than water, and the highest level of anthocyanins was measured in samples from the powder with the smallest particle size (<500 μm), dispersed in cream. The application of drying, milling and fractionation was found to be a promising approach to transform bilberry press cake into stable and deliverable ingredients that can be used for fortification of food products with high levels of phenolic compounds.
The 24th United Nations Conference of Parties (COP 24) Climate Change Summit
Authors: Cozier Muriel
Published: February 2019

It sometimes feels that because The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of Parties is held just before the year end, there is sense of pressure for the meeting to finish in jubilant mood. Certainly the 24th Conference of Parties (COP 24) was launched with an air of expectation. But one of the stand out features of the meeting was the continued and serious debate on carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS). In this feature article, GHGS&T's Muriel Cozier rounds up a few of the main points on a climate technology that might just be about to come of age. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An identified ensemble within a neocortical circuit encodes essential information for genetically‐enhanced visual shape learning
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Rong , Zhao Hua , Choi Eui M. , Svestka Michael , Wang Xiaodan , Nagayach Aarti , Singh Anshuman , Cook Robert G. , Geller Alfred I.
Published: February 2019

Advanced cognitive tasks are encoded in distributed neocortical circuits that span multiple forebrain areas. Nonetheless, synaptic plasticity and neural network theories hypothesize that essential information for performing these tasks is encoded in specific ensembles within these circuits. Relatively simpler subcortical areas contain specific ensembles that encode learning, suggesting that neocortical circuits contain such ensembles. Previously, using localized gene transfer of a constitutively active protein kinase C (PKC), we established that a genetically‐modified circuit in rat postrhinal cortex, part of the hippocampal formation, can encode some essential information for performing specific visual shape discriminations. However, these studies did not identify any specific neurons that encode learning; the entire circuit might be required. Here, we show that both learning and recall require fast neurotransmitter release from an identified ensemble within this circuit, the transduced neurons; we blocked fast release from these neurons by coexpressing a Synaptotagmin I siRNA with the constitutively active PKC. During learning or recall, specific signaling pathways required for learning are activated in this ensemble; during learning, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, MAP kinase, and CREB are activated; and, during recall, dendritic protein synthesis and CREB are activated. Using activity‐dependent gene imaging, we showed that during learning, activity in this ensemble is required to recruit and activate the circuit. Further, after learning, during image presentation, blocking activity in this ensemble reduces accuracy, even though most of the rest of the circuit is activated. Thus, an identified ensemble within a neocortical circuit encodes essential information for performing an advanced cognitive task.
Not quite city and not quite rural: Active lifestyle beliefs in peri‐urban Australians
Authors: Olson Jenny L. , March Sonja , Clough Bonnie , Biddle Stuart J. H. , Ireland Michael
Published: February 2019

Issue addressed

Residents of peri‐urban Australia face health inequalities compared to city dwellers. Active lifestyles provide many benefits that could improve the health of this population; however, peri‐urban Australians are more likely to be inactive and sedentary. The aim of this study was to identify the physical activity and sedentary behaviour‐related beliefs of peri‐urban Australians.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with adult residents of peri‐urban, southern Queensland. Participants (N = 8) were recruited from a related study, purposefully selected to ensure diversity. Data were analysed by thematic analysis. Interviews were conducted until data and inductive‐thematic saturation were reached.

Results

Three themes were identified, representing beliefs about intrapersonal, interpersonal/socio‐cultural and physical environmental factors relevant to active lifestyles among peri‐urban Australians. Active lifestyle behaviours were perceived as beneficial for health. Social interaction was described as an important outcome of physical activity. Features of the physical environment negatively impacted the perceived difficulty of performing physical activity and avoiding sedentary behaviour.

Conclusions

Active lifestyle strategies that support social interaction through physical activity and participation in sports may be particularly useful in peri‐urban environments where opportunities for social interaction are limited. Such strategies should also take into account contextual factors that negatively impact active lifestyle control beliefs (eg, distance).

So what?

This study provides insight into factors that may influence the active lifestyles of peri‐urban Australians. This information can be used to develop contextually relevant strategies designed to encourage physical activity, discourage sedentary behaviour and assist to relieve health disparities faced by this population.
Cell‐type based semantic segmentation of histopathological images using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Öztürk Şaban , Akdemir Bayram
Published: February 2019

Histopathological whole‐slide image (WSI) analysis is still one of the most important ways to identify regions of cancer risk. For cancer in which early diagnosis is vital, pathologists are at the center of the decision‐making process. Thanks to the widespread use of digital pathology and the development of artificial intelligence methods, automatic histopathological image analysis methods help pathologists in their decision‐making process. In this process, rather than producing labels for whole‐slide image patches, semantic segmentation is very useful, which facilitates the pathologists’ interpretation. In this study, automatic semantic segmentation based on cell type is proposed for the first time in the literature using novel deep convolutional networks structure (DCNN). We presents semantic information on four classes, including white areas in the whole‐slide image, tissue without cells, tissue with normal cells and tissue with cancerous cells. This visual information presented to the pathologist is an easy‐to‐understand picture of the status of the cells and their implications for the spread of cancerous cells. A new DCNN architecture is created, inspired by the residual network and deconvolution network architecture. Our network is trained end‐to‐end manner with histopathological image patches for cell structures to be more discriminative. The proposed method not only produces more successful results than other state‐of‐art semantic segmentation algorithms with 9.2% training error and 88.89% F‐score for test, but also has the most important advantage in that it has the ability to generate automatic information about the cancer and also provides information that pathologists can quickly interpret.
The use of ICT in the informal recycling sector: The Brazilian case of Relix
Authors: Coelho Taiane Ritta , Hino Marcia Regina Martelozo Cassitas , Vahldick Samara Machry Oliveira
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to understand the uses of technology in the informal recycling sector. We investigated the case of Relix, in northeast Brazil. The Relix project consists of cultural and educational interventions that promote recyclable waste picking and provides a mobile application to connect the local population to waste pickers. Methodological procedures included semistructured interviews with different groups of stakeholders. We adopted the Multilevel and pluralistic conceptual framework to analyze the groups according to the use of technology and perceptions in which they live based on context, process, and content. Results demonstrate that although the mobile application (app) can help waste pickers and the population to connect, it cannot single‐handedly promote any meaningful changes in the lives of people. Additional actions should be taken. This study has two important contributions. First, it describes how the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can improve working conditions and create more innovative and equitable environments. Second, it enriches the theoretical discussion on the use of technology in social practice and the advances of applying a theoretical framework in the context of informal recycling.
An integrative perspective on the interplay between early maladaptive schemas and mental health: The role of self‐compassion and emotion regulation
Authors: Yakın Duygu , Gençöz Tülin , Steenbergen Laura , Arntz Arnoud
Published: February 2019

Objectives

We aimed to test whether negative emotion regulation difficulties and self‐compassion mediate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and symptoms of psychopathology and life satisfaction.

Methods

Data were collected from 296 adults (179 females, 117 males), whose age ranged from 17 to 52 years. The mediating roles of self‐compassion and negative emotion regulation were examined via Hayes’ procedure (PROCESS) for multiple mediation.

Results

Negative emotion regulation was the only mediator to psychopathological symptoms, with no additional role for self‐compassion, whereas self‐compassion mediated only to life satisfaction, with no additional role for negative emotion regulation.

Conclusions

The results provide evidence for unique mediating roles of negative emotion regulation and self‐compassion, depending on the outcome variable. That helps to understand how problems that may be identified in terms of positive and negative domains are related to EMSs, and allows to put forward potential strategies within the frame of schema therapy.
Can strain elastography improve the characterization of breast lesions identified during second‐look MRI‐directed sonographic examination?
Authors: Filip Iulia , Ferré Romuald , AlSharif Shaza , Aldis Ann , Theriault Mélanie , Mesurolle Benoît
Published: February 2019

Purpose

To evaluate strain elastography as a complementary tool for characterization of lesions identified during second‐look MRI‐directed sonographic examination.

Methods

We reviewed 83 breast lesions evaluated with MRI, secondlook ultrasound (US) and strain elastography in 75 consecutive patients (median age, 56 years). US‐guided biopsies were performed in all cases.

Results

After histopathological examination, 44 lesions were benign, 38 were malignant and 1 was high‐risk. At MRI, the mean size of the lesions was 12 mm. Forty lesions (48.2%) appeared as masses, 30 (36.1%) as “non‐masses” and 13 (15.7%) as “foci.” At second‐look US examination, 56 (67.5%) appeared as masses (mean size, 7 mm) and 27 (32.5%) as non‐masses (mean size, 14 mm). At strain elastography, among the 39 malignant/high risk lesions, 5 (12.8%) had a score of 4 or 5, whereas 16 (41%) had a score of 1 and 2 (false negative). Among the 44 benign lesions, 36 (82%) had a score of 1 or 2, whereas none had a score of 5. Sensitivity and specificity of strain elastography in the diagnosis of breast cancer were 58% and 81%, respectively.

Conclusion

The addition of strain elastography offers no benefit in the characterization of lesions identified on second‐look US after breast MRI.(E1, 3).
Synthesis of Lamellarin Q Analogues as Potential Antibiofilm Compounds
Authors: Praud‐Tabariès Annie , Bottzeck Olivier , Blache Yves
Published: February 2019

An efficient synthesis of lamellarin Q analogues is described. This involves a two‐step procedure through a “Cu‐catalyzed” 1,3‐cycloaddtion and a “Pd‐catalyzed” arylation allowing high degrees of chemical diversity in view of structure–activity relationship studies in the field of antibiofilm activities.