bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Phase 2 Study of Galunisertib (TGF-β1 Receptor Type I Inhibitor) and Sorafenib in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kelley R.K. , Gane E. , Assenat E. , Siebler J. , Galle P.R. , Merle P. , Hourmand I.O. , Cleverly A. , Zhao Y. , Gueorguieva I. , Lahn M. , Faivre S. , Benhadji K.A. , Giannelli G.
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Inhibition of tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor type I potentiated the activity of sorafenib in preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Galunisertib is a small-molecule selective inhibitor of TGF-β1 receptor type I, which demonstrated activity in a phase 2 trial as second-line HCC treatment.

METHODS:

The combination of galunisertib and sorafenib (400 mg BID) was tested in patients with advanced HCC and Child-Pugh A liver function without prior systemic therapy. Galunisertib dose was administered 80 or 150 mg b.i.d. orally for 14 days every 28 days in safety lead-in cohorts; in the expansion cohort, all patients received galunisertib 150 mg b.i.d. Objectives included time-to-tumor progression, changes in circulating alpha fetoprotein and TGF-β1, safety, overall survival (OS), response rate, and pharmacokinetics (PK).

RESULTS:

Patients (n = 47) were enrolled from 5 non-Asian countries; 3 and 44 patients received the 80 mg and 150 mg b.i.d. doses of galunisertib, respectively. The pharmacokinetics and safety profiles were consistent with monotherapy of each drug. For the 150 mg b.i.d. galunisertib cohort, the median time-to-tumor progression was 4.1 months; the median OS was 18.8 months. A partial response was seen in 2 patients, stable disease in 21, and progressive disease in 13. TGF-β1 responders (decrease of >20% from baseline) vs nonresponders had longer OS (22.8 vs 12.0 months, P = 0.038).

DISCUSSION:

The combination of galunisertib and sorafenib showed acceptable safety and a prolonged OS outcome.
Treatment of Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) Using Somatostatin Analogs: Current View, Clinical Achievements and Future Perspectives
Authors: Wongso Hendris
Published: July 2019

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), previously known as carcinoid tumors, are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms which originate from cells of the endocrine or nervous system with an overall incidence of 1–5 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. Recent studies showed that their incidence has dramatically increased worldwide over the last few years. The majority of NETs overexpress the somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in tumor cells which are further being used as the important targets for therapy purposes using somatostatin analogs (SSAs) such as octreotide and lanreotide. Like native somatostatin, SSAs bind to SSTRs and induce a range of cellular effects, including antitumor activity. Antitumor activity of SSAs and their high binding properties for the SSTRs have become valuable tools for developing advanced treatment of NETs. Consequently, SSAs have been used widely in routine clinical practice, especially for treatment of various types of NETs. Despite treatment using SSAs have made a positive contribution, recent development suggests that the used of SSAs in combination with chemotherapy or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) can improve clinical outcome in patients with NETs. This review provides an overview of recent trend in the treatment of NETs using SSAs, their clinical achievements in the last few years and their potential applications in the future.Keywords: neuroendocrine tumors, treatment, somatostatin analogs, chemotherapy, PRRTNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs), previously known as carcinoid tumors, are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms which originate from cells of the endocrine or nervous system with an overall incidence of 1–5 cases per 100,000 individuals per year. Recent studies showed that their incidence has dramatically increased worldwide over the last few years. The majority of NETs overexpress the somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in tumor cells which are further being used as the important targets for therapy purposes using somatostatin analogs (SSAs) such as octreotide and lanreotide. Like native somatostatin, SSAs bind to SSTRs and induce a range of cellular effects, including antitumor activity. Antitumor activity of SSAs and their high binding properties for the SSTRs have become valuable tools for developing advanced treatment of NETs. Consequently, SSAs have been used widely in routine clinical practice, especially for treatment of various types of NETs. Despite treatment using SSAs have made a positive contribution, recent development suggests that the used of SSAs in combination with chemotherapy or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) can improve clinical outcome in patients with NETs. This review provides an overview of recent trend in the treatment of NETs using SSAs, their clinical achievements in the last few years and their potential applications in the future.Keywords: neuroendocrine tumors, treatment, somatostatin analogs, chemotherapy, PRRT
Exposure of Murattal Al-Quran Audio Enhances Cisplatin Activity on Growth Inhibition and Cell Cycle Modulation on Hela Cells
Authors: Mutiah Roihatul , Mustofa Muhammad Ragib , Indrawijaya Yen Yen Ari , Hakim Abdul , Annisa Rahmi , Susanti Nurlaili , Nashichuddin Ach , Zainuddin Muhammad
Published: July 2019

Cancer is a disease characterized by abnormal cell mechanisms. The development of alternative cancer treatments is still needed. One of them is the music therapy. The music therapy uses sound vibrations to improve healing. Al-Quran, the Holy book of muslims, recites with measured recitation produces beautiful tones. Reading and recitating of Al-Quran is an important form of worship for which a Muslim can expect reward and benefit in the Hereafter. Al-Fatihah is one of surahs in Al-Qur'an that is often read by Muslims and used as a prayer for healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cytotoxic activity and cell cycle modulation on Hela cells with exposure of murattal Al-Quran and cisplatin combination. Audio exposure murattal Al-Fatihah and its combination with cisplatin to HeLa cells were tested using the MTT method assay. Induction of apoptosis and modulation of cell cycle evaluated by flow cytometry method. Treatment used 30 minutes Audio Murattal (AM), Cisplatin 10 µg/mL (Cis), and the combination of AM + Cis caused a decrease in the viability of HeLa cells respectively 80.14%, 69.86%, and 64.32%. The results of flow cytometry explained that in treatment of AM there was inhibition in the G2-M phase and induction of apoptosis in the M5 phase. Whereas in treatment AM + Cis inhibition occurs in the S, G2-M phase, and induction of apoptosis in the M5 phase. Audio Murattal Al-Quran presents cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells and to provide a synergistic impact on cisplatin so that disclosure therapy murattal can be recommended for supporting therapy in the treatment of cancer (supportive therapy).Keywords: Al-Quran, Audio murottal, HeLa Cells, Cell Viability, Flow cytometry
Selectivity Index of Alpinia galanga Extract and 1’-Acetoxychavicol Acetate on Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Da'i Muhammad , Meilinasary Khairunnisa Azani , Suhendi Andi , Haryanti Sari
Published: July 2019

Previous research stated that galangal (Alpinia galanga) extract has a potential as cytotoxic agent with active compound of 1’-Acetoxychavicol Acetate (ACA). The objective of this study was to determine the selectivity of ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol fraction of of galangal, and ACA on cancer cell lines. Cytotoxic activity was carried out using the MTT method on T47D breast cancer, WiDr colon cancer, HeLa cervical cancer, and Vero normal cell lines. The results showed that galangal ethanol extract and its fractions had selectivity index equal to or less than 2 on cancer cells. Meanwhile, ACA had selectivity index more than 3 on T47D cell and HeLa cell. ACA showed a strong cytotoxic activity against cancer cells T47D, HeLa, and WiDr with IC50 values of 3.14, 7.26, and 12.49 μg/ml, respectively. Based on data, it could be concluded that ACA was the most selective to inhibit T47D cell with a selectivity index of 6.6.Keywords: 1’-Acetoxychavicol acetate, galangal (Alpinia galanga), selective index, cytotoxic
ESTIMASI TINGKAT RISIKO INVESTASI EMAS MENGGUNAKAN PENDEKATAN GENERALIZED EXTREME VALUE DAN GENERALIZED PARETO DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Pratiwi Noviana , Iswahyudi Catur
Published: July 2019

This study estimates the level of risk in investing in gold. Value at Risk (VaR) is a method which can be used for calculating the level of risk. There are two distribution approaches used, namely Generalized Extreme Value Distribution (GEV) and Generalized Distribution Pareto (GDP). These two distributions are used because gold data is alleged to have a heavy tail distribution. The study uses secondary data on gold prices with January 2015 to December 2017 period with a total of 876 data. The results obtained indicate that the data return for the gold price has a heavy tail. Estimation results obtained indicate that the VaR value at the 95% confidence level is less than VaR with a 99% confidence level so it can be concluded that the higher the level of risk to be taken, the greater the level of confidence and capital allocation to cover losses taken by investors. The GDP Estimation value gives a greater value than GEV. and the largest VaR value is shown at 4.049%, which means that the maximum loss that may occur in one period ahead is 4.049%.
RADIKAL SUPERNILPOTENT BERTINGKAT
Authors: Prasetyo Puguh Wahyu
Published: July 2019

The development of Ring Theory motivates the existence of the development of the Radical Theory of Rings. This condition is motivated since there are rings which have properties other than those owned by the set ring of all integers. These rings are collected so that they fulfill certain properties and they are called radical classes of rings. As the development of science about how to separate the properties of radical classes of rings motivates the existence of supernilpotent radical classes. On the other hand, there exists the concept of graded rings. This concept can be generalized into the Radical Theory of Rings. Thus, the properties of the graded supernilpotent radical classes are very interesting to investigate. In this paper, some graded supernilpotent radical of rings are given and their construction will be described. It follows from this construction that the graded Jacobson radical is a graded supernilpotent radical.
Gerakan sosial Nahdlatul Ulama: Studi kasus Pengurus Cabang Nahdlatul Ulama Kota Malang
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Luthfil
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menjelaskan mengenai gerakan sosial PCNU Kota Malang pada tahun 2010-2015 dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif.  Penelitian ini menggunakan teori gerakan sosial karya Mc Adam, Mc Charty dan Zald. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gerakan sosial Nahdlatul Ulama’ (NU) pada masa reformasi memiliki pola yang berbeda dengan masa sebelumnya. Pada masa reformasi, strategi gerakan NU mengedepankan tiga cara yakni melalui program struktural, dakwah, dan mediasi. Dengan melakukan studi kasus di PCNU Kota Malang penelitian ini menemukan bahwa gerakan NU di era reformasi muncul dan dapat eksis akibat adanya keterbukaan struktur sosial dan ketidakseimbangan politik di Kota Malang. Proses tersebut kemudian juga dikuatkan oleh kekuatan aktor perubahan PCNU Kota Malang yang meliputi: ulama’ (kyai), aktivis, politisi dan akademisi.
Dekontruksi atas konsepsi orang kuat: Studi kasus kepemimpinan transformatif di Masjid Jogokaryan
Authors: Akbar Nuruddin Al
Published: July 2019

Artikel ini berupaya menelaah relasi antara eksistensi orang kuat lokal dan demokrasi. Studi ini secara spesifik akan mengambil studi kasus di Masjid Jogokaryan dengan orang kuat di masjid tersebut yakni Jazir Asp. Penulisan artikel ini dilatarbelakangi oleh menjamurnya karya-karya yang membahas tentang eksistensi orang kuat lokal paska reformasi, baik yang dilakukan peneliti asing maupun Indonesia, namun mereka cenderung memandangnya dari sisi negatif. Artikel ini berupaya untuk mengambil cara pandang yang berbeda dari perspektif yang dominan tersebut, dimana mencoba  melihat eksistensi orang kuat lokal secara lebih positif. Temuan dari artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa orang kuat di Masjid Jogokaryan, yakni Jazir Asp berkontribusi bagi proses demokratisasi ruang publik dengan cara membuka dan menjamin pluralitas wacana keagamaan di masjid tersebut, yang salah satunya tercermin dari menjamurnya kajian keagamaan dari berbagai kelompok Islam yang berbeda pemahaman di masjid tersebut tanpa masing-masing pihak mengganggu aktivitas kelompok yang lain.
Studi ruang terbuka hijau dalam kebijakan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup Pemerintah Kota Semarang
Authors: Supratiwi Supratiwi
Published: July 2019

Kondisi lingkungan yang makin rusak tentu diperlukan upaya untuk memperbaikinya. Pemerintah bisa melakukannya dengan  membuat kebijakan yang berpihak pada kepentingan kelestarian lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah kebijakan Penataan Ruang Terbuka Hijau. Penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut  berlangsung di Kota Semarang.  Tipe penelitian adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari wawancara dan kajian pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penataan RTH di Kota Semarang menurut Perda No 7 Tahun 2010 telah mencapai 40%. Artinya, telah melampaui target minimal 30% yang terdiri dari RTH Publik dan RTH Privat. Angka tersebut jika dihitung secara keseluruhan di Kota Semarang. Sumbangan terbanyak berasal dari daerah pinggiran kota; seperti Gunungpati dan Mangkang. Namun untuk kawasan dalam perkotaan sendiri targetnya belum tercapai. Adapun terkait dengan penghargaan Adipura dan predikat sebagai Kota Hijau, jika dilihat dari ketersediaan RTH Kota Semarang telah memenuhi syarat. Tetapi aspek pemerataan tiap kecamatan belum diperhatikan. Rekomendasinya bahwa pemerintah Kota Semarang harus lebih meningkatkan komitmen dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan penataan RTH ini dengan menambah anggaran dan melakukan pengawasan dan penegakan hukum. Partisipasi masyarakat dan pihak swasta juga harus ditingkatkan.
Menutup celah korupsi melalui kolaborasi antar aktor dalam pengawasan keuangan negara
Authors: Iskandar Dian
Published: July 2019

Menekan angka korupsi dan mengungkap kasus korupsi agar menghindarkan negara dari kerugian menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi para aktor pengawasan keuangan negara. Oleh sebab itu,  tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengawasi praktik penyimpangan keuangan negara yang dilakukan oleh aktor pengawasan keuangan negara. Metode pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui desk study. Beberapa upaya yang dilakukan dalam pengawasan keuangan negara itu diantaranya: Pertama berupa kolaborasi, komitmen, koordinasi dan sinergitas antara Inspektorat, BPKP, BPK dan lembaga legislatif, dengan menggunakan standar pemeriksaan dan sistem pengendalian internal. Kedua terkait dengan waktu  pengawasan yang dilakukan feedforward, concurrent, dan feedback control. Ketiga yaitu sifat pengawasan baik represif maupun preventif akan mampu menutup celah yang biasanya dimainkan dalam penyalahgunaan keuangan negara.
What is wrong with false-link conditionals?
Authors: Krzyżanowska Karolina
Published: July 2019

It is a common intuition that the antecedent of an indicative conditional should have something to do with its consequent, that they should be somehow connected. In fact, many conditionals sound unacceptable precisely because they seem to suggest a connection which is not there. Although the majority of semantic theories of conditionals treat this phenomenon as something pragmatic, for instance, something that is conversationally implicated, no one has offered a full-fledged pragmatic explanation of why missing-link, and, in particular, false-link conditionals strike us as odd. The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility that the link is an example of a conversational implicature. We discuss possible tests one can employ to identify conversational implicatures, and, ultimately, we show that the connection between a conditional’s antecedent and consequent fails them all.
Hyper-Wiener indices of polyphenyl chains and polyphenyl spiders
Authors: Wu Tingzeng , Lü Huazhong
Published: July 2019

Let G be a connected graph and u and v two vertices of G. The hyper-Wiener index of graph G is
$\begin{array}{}
WW(G)=\frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{u,v\in V(G)}(d_{G}(u,v)+d^{2}_{G}(u,v))
\end{array}$, where dG(u, v) is the distance between u and v. In this paper, we first give the recurrence formulae for computing the hyper-Wiener indices of polyphenyl chains and polyphenyl spiders. We then obtain the sharp upper and lower bounds for the hyper-Wiener index among polyphenyl chains and polyphenyl spiders, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding extremal graphs are determined.
The Effects of Hate Groups on Hate Crimes
Authors: Yahagi Ken
Published: July 2019

This paper presents a simple theoretical model to analyze the relationship between hate groups and hate crimes. This paper focuses on two important roles of hate groups; as providers of membership benefits for group members and as a coordination device for leadership. This paper shows that this interaction implies the possibility of multiple equilibria of the crime rate. This result explains why hate crimes and extreme criminal activities vary across communities and over time, and why a social shock such as 9/11 resulted in a rapid increase of hate crimes. Moreover, if hate groups work as coordination devices, the existence of hate groups may increase hate crimes. This result supports recent empirical results analyzing relationships between hate groups and hate crimes.
Sportwissenschaft: quo vadis? – Ein Beitrag zur Genese und Struktur der Zeitschrift Sportwissenschaft im Kontext aktueller universitärer Entwicklungen/ Quo vadis, sports science? On the evolution and structure of the German Journal of Sports Science in the context of recent developments in the university system
Authors: Krüger Michael , Emrich Eike
Published: July 2019

Die Zeitschrift Sportwissenschaft (SpW) besteht seit 1971. Als älteste und einzige interdisziplinäre Zeit­schrift für das Fach Sportwissenschaft genießt sie hohe fachliche Reputation. Im letzten Jahr kam es zu einer vorzeitigen Ablösung und Neubesetzung des Herausgeberkollegiums durch die institu­tioneilen Herausgeber Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund (DOSB), Bundesinstitut für Sportwissen­schaft (BISp) und Deutsche Vereinigung für Sportwissenschaft (dvs). Hintergrund war ein Konflikt über die Bewertung von Publikationsleistungen in der Sportwissenschaft im Zusammenhang mit dem Universitäts-Ranking des Centrums für Hochschulentwicklung (CHE).

Der Beitrag untersucht die Hintergründe dieses Konflikts, indem zunächst die universitären Rah­menbedingungen dargestellt werden, die die Entwicklung des Faches und der Zeitschrift Sportwis­senschaft begleiteten. Die Geschichte der Zeitschrift bildet einen weiteren Schwerpunkt des Artikels, und schließlich geht es auch um ihre Einordnung in den nationalen und internationalen Markt für sportwissenschaftliche Fachzeitschriften. Am Ende stellt sich die Frage nach der Zukunft eines in­terdisziplinären Konzepts für die Sportwissenschaft.
KIRMIZI PANCAR SUYU ÜRETİMİNDE ENZİM ÖN UYGULAMASI: İŞLEM KOŞULLARININ MEYVE SUYU VERİMİ, BETANİN MİKTARI, TOPLAM FENOLİK MADDE VE ANTİOKSİDAN KAPASİTE ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: YILMAZ Fatih Mehmet , GENÇDAĞ Esra , GÖRGÜÇ Ahmet , BİRİŞİK Merve , GENÇ Ezgi , BAŞKURT Ceren
Published: July 2019

Kırmızı pancar, gıda endüstrisinde yaygın olarak
kullanılan doğal renk maddesi olan betaninin en önemli kaynağıdır. Konsantre ya
da toz formda arz edilen bu gıda renklendiricisi için ilk üretim basamağı
kırmızı pancar suyu üretimidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yüksek verimlilikte
kırmızı pancar suyu eldesinde presleme öncesi enzim ön uygulamasının ve bu
işlemde ortam pH değeri, sıcaklığı, enzim oranı ve sürenin etkilerinin
belirlenmesidir. Bu kapsamda, ilk aşamada farklı pH (2.5-5.0) ve sıcaklık
(30-60 °C) değerlerinde enzim ilavesinin (Pectinex Ultra SP-L) etkileri
değerlendirilmiş; ikinci aşamada enzim oranı ve işlem süresinin etkileri yanıt
yüzey yöntemi (RSM) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Enzim ön uygulaması sonrasında
pres veriminin %17 arttığı bulunmuştur. Optimum koşullar olan 3.0 pH değeri, 50
°C sıcaklık, 75.8 poligalakturonaz birimi (PGB)/g enzim oranı ve 48 dk.’lık
işlem süresi sonunda meyve suyu verimi %34.7, betanin miktarı 106.0 mg/100 g,
toplam fenolik madde miktarı 245.2 mg GAE/100 g, antioksidan kapasite değeri
ise 47.0 µmol TE/100 g olarak belirlenmiştir.
Variación estacional de la composición florística en sabanas inundables en Arauca, Colombia
Authors: Mijares Santana Francisco J. , Pérez-Buitrago Néstor , Pérez-Cárdenas Nathalia Carolina
Published: July 2019

Mediante censos se documentó el recambio en la composición florística asociado al régimen de lluvias en comunidades de las sabanas de Arauca (Arauca, Colombia). Además, se cuantificó la abundancia relativa y el Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) de las especies en eventos de muestreo bimestrales a lo largo de un año. Se usaron transectos lineales con once puntos y once cuadrantes de 1 m2. Se registraron 110 especies y se obtuvo una correlación positiva entre la precipitación mensual y la abundancia de individuos, acompañada de un aumento del 85,7 % en la riqueza de especies en los meses de lluvias. Debido al mayor número de especies (96) la equitatividad de la comunidad fue mayor en el periodo de lluvias en tanto que, de las 57 especies de la época de sequía hubo dominancia de especies como Hydrolea spinosa, Melochia spicata, Peltaea sessiliflora, Cyperus luzulae, Acroceras zizanioides y Andropogon bicornis. El periodo de lluvias tuvo 53 especies exclusivas mientras que catorce lo fueron durante el periodo seco. Este estudio resalta la alta diversidad botánica que existe en las sabanas de la Orinoquia.
"NÃO PENSE, VEJA!" SOBRE A NOÇÃO DE "SEMELHANÇAS DE FAMÍLIA" EM WITTGENSTEIN
Authors: Hebeche Luiz
Published: July 2019

Neste artigo mostraremos a releváncia da noção de semelhanças de família naestratégio de Wittgenstein para eliminar a tendência ao essencialismo, moetrando-a como uma tlusão gramatical. Ele convida o leitor das Investigações Filosóficas para que procure ver & não pensar, pois o pensamento filosófico tende a hipostasiar-se em entidades metafísicas, que surgem da nossa “ânsia de generalidade”. Anoção semelhanças de família serve como terapia à ocultação da pessds da linguagem em conceitos universais e abstratos.
DIREITO SUBJETIVO E DEVER JURÍDICO INTERNO EM KANT
Authors: Heck José N.
Published: July 2019

O ensaio expõe a posição kantiana tardia em relação ao direito e à ética, com destaque para as noções de direito subjetivo e de dever jurídico intemo. Trata-se de mostrar a originalidade de Kant na última versão redacional das doutrinas do direito e da virtude. O trabalho realça a contribuição do direito racional kantiano para os limites da dogmática jurídica atual em face da crescente juridificação das ciênciasnormativas.
Justiça e Democracia: John Rawls (1921-2002)
Authors: De Oliveira Nythamar F.
Published: July 2019

Crônica sobre o legado de John Rawls ao pensamento filosófico.
SIGNIFICATIVIDADE E ENTIDADE
Authors: Braida Celso
Published: July 2019

Este artigo trata da definição das noções semânticas. A partir de uma reconsideração das propostas de A. Tarski e E. Tugendhat, defende-se que as noções semânticas são complementares às noções ontológicas, no sentido de que a definição destas pressupõe e completa a definição daquelas.
TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT AND EVALUATION CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF DRY BREAKFAST
Authors: Sakibaev K. , Pylypenko L. , Nikitchina T. , Kasyanov G.
Published: July 2019

The assortment of ready-to-eat extruded products and the chemical composition of their ingredients according to the complex of basic and biologically active substances have been analyzed. The feasibility of developing new formulations of extruded breakfast cereals using non-traditional nut-bearing raw materials by means of adjusting the composition and types of leguminous and fruit components has been substantiated. The technology of multicomponent dry breakfast cereals based on wild nut-bearing raw materials of Kyrgyzstan and Ukraine, as well as cultivated types of plant crops, has been developed. The process of extrusion is improved through the use of CO2 with partial extraction of the lipid components of the raw materials. The composition of the six introduced formulations of dry breakfast cereals is substantiated by predictive forecasting of biological activity and preservation ability of the main food components after technological processing and storage of the extrudates. An increased nutritional value and a decrease in amino acids limiting the biological value of their proteins in formulations with leguminous, nut-bearing and fruit-grain components are established (formulations 1–3 − reduction in lysine deficiency by 18–26%, for methionine and cystine by 12–21%; formulations 4–6 − for lysine by 22–29%, leucine and valine by 17–36%). The absence of toxic effects and the increase in the integral biological activity of the Stylonichia mytilus test-culture in terms of its survivability by 18–31% for the developed formulations, compared with traditional extrudates, are shown. The antioxidant activity of the samples, determined volumetrically by the intensity of the isopropylbenzene oxidation, made it possible to establish the oxidation induction period and the concentration of antioxidants. According to the obtained results, the guaranteed shelf life of the developed types of dry breakfast cereals that meet safety requirements can be prolonged by 24–39% compared with the control, and the introduction of secondary raw materials to the formulations can improve technical-and-economic indicators. The nutritional and biological value, organoleptic and structural-mechanical properties, as well as the biological activity of the products developed, allow us to recommend introducing them into production.
Investigation of Mineral and Vitamin C Contents in Different Parts of Beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: SZÉKELY Dóra , FURULYÁS Diána , STÉGER-MÁTÉ Mónika
Published: July 2019

Due to the increasing popularity of today’s health-conscious culture, beetroot plays an increasingly important role in a healthy, varied diet. While it contains vitamins B1, B2, B6, P, as well as high levels of vitamin C, several studies have proven its role in the prevention of many cancers. The aim of this study was to compare morphological properties, dry matter, and vitamin C and minerals contents in the different parts (peel, end, middle and top part of root) of the three investigated beetroot cultivars grown in treated and untreated soil. Fertilizer was added to the treated soil before sowing of the beet seeds, while untreated soil was not treated. The vitamin C contents were measured using HPLC method, while determination of element contents was determined with IPC-OES. The study showed that the beetroots grow in the treated soil had improved morphological properties, but a significant difference was not found. For Vitamin C and element contents (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Zn), it was observed a high degree of diversity in the different beetroot parts and between the cultivation years. The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution of the examined parameters within the beetroot body in different beetroot cultivars observing the differences produced by the addition of fertilizer. Some elements were concentrated in the peel and top part such as Ca, Mn and Mg. The peel part of the beetroots contained relevantly higher Fe content than the top, middle and end part. Based on these results, significant differences were observed among the investigated beetroot cultivars regards of the body weight.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Priming with Vitamin U Enhances Cold Tolerance of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)
Authors: FODORPATAKI Laszlo , MOLNAR Katalin , TOMPA Bernat , PLUGARU Sebastian R. C.
Published: July 2019

Priming may be an efficient pre-treatment of plants in order to enhance their ability to cope with unfavourable growth conditions, and to improve defensive metabolism through elevated levels of protective substances which may also act as health-promoting agents upon human consumption. The aim of this work was to evaluate the beneficial influence of priming with the naturally occurring, but scarcely known vitamin U (S-methylmethionine) on cold stress tolerance of lettuce (the frequently grown ‘May King’ cultivar). Effects on germination, photosynthetic efficiency, as well as on health-promoting carotenoid and vitamin C contents were investigated. Photosynthetic capacity, strongly related to productivity, was evaluated with parameters of induced chlorophyll fluorescence and of leaf gas exchange through stomata, using plants grown in hydroponic cultures. Priming with vitamin U significantly compensated for the delaying effect of low temperature (5 °C) on seed germination, as well as for inhibition of light-converting photochemical reactions and of carbon dioxide assimilation by cold stress. Use of vitamin U to prime lettuce plantlets for low temperature stress resulted in an elevated content of carotenoid pigments and of vitamin C in leaves, which improve the quality of consumed lettuce with respect to the health-promoting capacity. This beneficial influence of vitamin U was not proportional with its concentration (2 mM had no stronger effects than 0.25 mM), so small amounts of this substance were sufficient for a sustained efficiency in promoting hardening against chilling temperatures. This is the first report on priming of lettuce for cold tolerance by using S-methylmethionine (vitamin U), with a possible application in improvement of crop quality and productivity.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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Physiological Effects of the Fungicide Azoxystrobin on Wheat Seedlings under Extreme Heat
Authors: LAN Chiu-Yueh , LIN Kuan-Hung , HUANG Wen-Dar , CHEN Chang-Chang
Published: July 2019

Azoxystrobin (AZ) is not only a fungicide used for disease control, but also a protective chemical for crops against specific stresses. The physiological mechanism of the fungicide AZ in protecting against heat (HT, 46 °C) stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings was investigated. ‘Taichung SEL-2’ variety seedlings were pretreated with 0.4, 4, 40, 80, and 120 mg L-1 of AZ for 4 d. Next AZ-pretreated and untreated seedlings were subjected to HT for 1 h followed by 1000 μmol m-2 s-1 lighting for 20 min. HT induced oxidant stress which resulted in a decrease in the reducing power, an increase in malondialdehyde, and enhanced enzyme activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) in leaves of untreated seedlings. However, AZ-pretreated seedlings under HT displayed reductions in chlorophyll fluorescence, APX and CAT activities, and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl scavenging capacity. Physiological damage caused by HT was aggravated by an increase in the AZ concentration. In addition, increased photosynthetic pigments were also observed in leaves of AZ-pretreated and HT-exposed seedlings. The results suggest that AZ does not provide a protective effect against HT stress.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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The Productive Capacity and Quality of Several Walnut Cultivars (Juglans regia L.) Grown in North Oltenia, Romania
Authors: BOTU Mihai , ALABEDALLAT Yazan F.J. , BUCURA Felicia , GEANA Elisabeta Irina , VLADU Marius
Published: July 2019

Romania has tradition in walnut culture and favorable climatic conditions. In order to establish the suitable cultivars for growing into the Northern Oltenia area several walnut cultivars of different origin were evaluated for productivity and fruits quality. Twelve Romanian cultivars and two foreign ones with terminal bearing and 10 cultivars with lateral bearing from France and U.S.A. were studied during 18 years of yielding with no irrigation. The group of lateral bearing cultivars proved to be more productive in the environmental conditions of the study area, the highest average yields were recorded for ‘Vina’ (3.64 t ha-1), ‘Hartley’ (3.59 t ha-1), ‘Ferjean’ (3.52 t ha-1), ‘Payne’ (3.45 t ha-1), ‘Pedro’ (3.39 t ha-1), etc. The most productive terminal bearing cultivars were: ‘Jupânești’ (2.88 t ha-1), ‘Valcor’ (2.77 t ha-1), ‘Franquette’ (2.71 t ha-1), ‘Valcris’ (2.62 t ha-1), etc. Although the lateral bearing cultivars emphasized good yields, their extensive culture into the areas with continental type of climatic conditions should be further analysed. The walnut kernel and oil content show that the cultivars are very similar regarding chemical composition when growing under same conditions in Northern Oltenia.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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High-Density Kinetic Analysis of the Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Response of Ginkgo biloba Flavonoids Biosynthesis to Selenium Treatments
Authors: LI Linling , YU Jie , YUAN Honghui , ZHA Sanxing , DENG Kun , XIAO Xian , LUO Yanyan , CHENG Shuiyuan , CHENG Hua
Published: July 2019

As one of the rare and precious wood species since the ancient times, Gingko is also known as “living fossil”, which is a special plant resource of China. Gingko leaves, containing rich flavonoids, are valued with great medicinal significances. This paper treated Ginkgo seedlings by exogenous Sodium selenite (SS) in two ways: Foliage dressing (FD) and Root application (RA). Then transcriptome sequencing and metabolome test are performed. Results show that external SS has significant influence on the related gene expression level of flavonoids synthesis ways of Gingko, the FD can significantly induce gene expressions as CHS, FLS, FOMT, PAL, MYB1 and MYB2, and RA can significantly induce gene expressions as FOMT, MYB1 and MYB2. Compared with the control group, FA selenium application can help to accumulation of flavonoids, flavonols, flavonoids-C and isoflavones, especially quercetin and kaempferol that had a remarkable increase. This proved that a proper concentration of inorganic SS could promote the synthesis and accumulation of flavonoids in Gingko. qRT-PCR analysis also depicts that leaves treatment of sodium selenite can remarkably enhance the gene expression of CHS, FLS, FOMT and PAL, and RA selenium application can induce the gene expression of FLS and FOMT, but restrain the gene expression of CHS and PAL. Through the ways of FD and RA selenium application, this paper basically studied the regulatory effect of SS on ginkgo flavonoids synthesis and has laid a theoretical basis to improve flavonoids content in Ginkgo leaves through cultivation control means.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

 

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Assessment of New Sweet Cherry Cultivars Released at RSFG Iaşi, Romania
Authors: IUREA Elena , CORNEANU Margareta , MILITARU Mădălina , SÎRBU Sorina
Published: July 2019

The research concerning the improvement of the cherry assortment, the cultivars’ quality and the avoiding of market crowding with fresh cherries only on a short term are extremely important objectives for cherries’ breeding. To accomplish some of these objectives, during 1981-2017, hybridization and selection of hybrids were performed at the Research Station for Fruit Growing Iași (RSFG Iași), in the N-E part of Romania, concluding with a series of promising hybrid selections. They have been grafted, planted and studied in trial fields. Therefore, during 1994-2016, RSFG Iași released 28 sweet cherry cultivars with high quality fruits and different maturation stages. In the studies performed during 2014-2017, there were analysed three new sweet cherry cultivars (‘Elaiaşi’, ‘Muşatini’ and ‘Croma’), obtained through controlled hybridization. The comparison of these new cultivars was performed against ‘Van’, used as control, this being a well-known cultivar in the orchards from the study area. Observations and measurements concerning the main phenological stages, natural fertility, physical features, organoleptic, quality and chemical traits of fruit were registered. The cultivars with the biggest dimensions of the fruits were ‘Elaiaşi’ and ‘Croma’ (with a weight between 8.9 and 9.4 g and a fruits’ diameter between 25.2 and 26.6 mm), having significantly larger dimensions in comparison with ‘Van’. In the new investigated cherry cultivars, the values of soluble solids content were comprised between 17.0 and 20.2 °Brix, titratable acidity was between 0.46 - 0.57 mg of malic acid 100 mL-1 juice and the total polyphenols content was recorded between 382.87 - 780.25 mg GAE 100 mL-1 of fresh juice.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

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The Red Beech at the “Montagna di Torricchio”, Marche Region, Central Italy
Authors: CIANFAGLIONE Kevin , PEDROTTI Franco
Published: July 2019

For many centuries, red beech [(Fagus sylvatica L. var. purpurea (Ait.) Schneid.] was known as a botanical abnormality in botanical gardens and arboretums. Widespread artificially, red beech trees have been exploited for cultural, landscaping and botanical purposes, showing a wide horticultural, silvicultural and arboricultural interest. Over time, they may have escaped from cultivations or have been incorporated into forests by secondary successions, showing an important ecological and forestry interest. Red beeches represent a complex of phenotypes described under systematic critical taxa, showing an important floristic and taxonomic interest. Samples of red beech were found in nature, in central Adriatic Italy, in a fully protected area, namely the “Riserva Naturale Statale Montagna di Torricchio”. In order to analyse the origin of this odd shape beech variation, an interdisciplinary study was carried out integrating geography, ecology and forestry, analysing the bibliography, archival data, leaf traits, potential vegetation and the issues concerning the human-ecology relation. The results we obtained showed no evidence of artificial or accidental introduction for these specimens, suggesting treating them as a native and natural mutation in the beech forest secondary succession. The study of the natural beech forms variation could foster in some way research activities and land management actions on this issue; with some outlook on biodiversity studies, environmental policies, horticulture, forestry and ecological importance. The results allow us to propose a reflexion on the native/non-native status, and about the systematic position of beech forms; fostering reflections about the taxonomical position of the red beech and proposing the variety rank for the red beech specimens. The presence of these specimens in the study area, allows us to make some reflections in order to be more careful in negative considerations about exotic (or presumed) taxa, taking into account the repercussions on environment and biodiversity management. These red beeches can be used to strengthen the genetic pool of existing specimens that are actually used, and vegetatively propagated in nurseries.

 

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In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.

 

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Notes on the Egg Bearing Cyclopoid Copepod, Oithona similis Claus, 1866 of the Arabian Sea
Authors: JOSE Jean J. , CHANDRAN Appukuttan , ALEX Lincy , LIPTON Aaron P.
Published: July 2019

Morphology of the marine egg bearing cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis occurring along the southwest coast of India [Vizhinjam (8º21'56"N; 76º59'39"E), Neendakara (8º57'29"N; 76º31'13"E), Cochin (9º56'16"N; 76º13'55"E) and Calicut (11º13'33"N; 75º46'30"E)] from January to December 2010 at different seasons (pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon) were studied. Detailed comparison of the structure of different appendages of O. similis with those already available for the species from Norway, Japan, China, Spain and Russia revealed minute differences in the armature of appendages, number and arrangement of spines, setae of swimming legs and anal laminae. The total length of the specimen collected from all the four stations in the study ranged from 615 to 650μ. The smallest specimens were obtained from Calicut.
Methods for Development of Microsatellite Markers: An Overview
Authors: SENAN Siju , KIZHAKAYIL Dhanya , SASIKUMAR Bhaskaran , SHEEJA Thotten Elampilay
Published: July 2019

Microsatellite or Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers have evolved to the status of a most versatile and popular genetic marker in a ubiquity of plant systems. Due to their co-dominant, hyper-variable and multiallelic nature, they are the prominent markers of choice for fingerprinting, conservation genetics, plant breeding and phylogenetic studies. Despite its development of a new set of SSR markers for a species remained time consuming and expensive for many years. However, with the recent advancement in genomics, new strategies/protocols are now available for the generation of SSR markers. This review presents an overview on microsatellite markers with a special emphasis on the various strategies used for the development of microsatellite markers
Behavior of Sethoxydim Alone or in Combination with Turnip Oils on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameter
Authors: HAMMAMI Hossein , RASHED MOHASSEL Mohammad Hassan , PARSA Mehdi , BANNAYAN-AVAL Mohammad , ZAND Eskandar
Published: July 2019

Sethoxydim is an acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor that changed the shape of the chlorophyll fluorescence curve (kautsky curve) in wild oat (Avena ludoviciana Durieu.) in greenhouse experiment. This experiment was conducted as completely randomized factorial design with three replications at the College of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, during 2012. Results of this study revealed that sethoxydim only and plus emulsifiable turnip oil changed the shape of the chlorophyll fluorescence curve (kautsky curve) 7 days after spraying. Sethoxydim plus emulsifiable turnip oil changed the shape of the kautsky curve more than for sethoxydim only. We found that in our study the fv/fm (maximum quantum efficiency) was closely linked to the fresh and dry weight dose-response. Sethoxydim plus emulsifiable turnip oil proved more rapidly effect on fv/fm in comparison with sethoxydim only. The fresh and dry weight dose-response relationship with fv/fm showed a similar behavior. This study revealed a good relation between fresh and dry weight according with values of 28 DAS and fv/fm 7 DAS. In general, the findings of this study revealed that Fv/Fm is a good parameter for evaluating effect of sethoxydim little time after spraying. Also, this research showed that 4 folds more time for classical screening methods comparing to chlorophyll fluorescence method. Thereupon, classical screening methods may be replaced by chlorophyll fluorescence method in future.
No Influence of Type 2 Diabetes on Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Obese Patients
Authors: CĂTOI Adriana Florinela , PÂRVU Alina Elena , MUREŞAN Adriana , BIDIAN Cristina , CĂTOI Cornel , POP Ioana Delia
Published: July 2019

Obesity per se carries the features of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress that interrelate in a complex network and exert an important role in the onset of several complications such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events. On the other hand, it seems that hyperglycemia per se as well as insulin resistance (independent of hyperglycemia), both induce increased oxidative stress. The aim of our study was to analyze proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes and to verify the hypothesis that type 2 diabetes associated with obesity would promote a higher chronic inflammation and oxidative stress state as compared to obesity alone. We found no differences between the two groups of patients regarding chronic inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Therefore we may conclude that there is no influence of type 2 diabetes on chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese patients.
Botanical and Cytological Studies of Monodora tenuifolia Benth.
Authors: AZEEZ S.O. , FALUYI Julius Olaoye , OZIEGBE Matthew
Published: July 2019

This study investigated branching pattern, ecology of occurrence, palynology, cytology and phenology of Monodora tenuifolia using standard techniques. The branching pattern determines the shape of the canopy, which may be irregular when growing in the shade, or round when growing in the open. The pollens are tetrads, 10.15 µm in diameter, with pollen fertility of 92.24% (determined by using Cotton Blue in Lactophenol) and pollen tube germinability of 65.83%. Two simultaneous cytokineses were studied and the events of meiotic cell division were observed to synchronize. The chromosomes were well paired at pachynema as associations of regular bivalents, paired of ring 11 or rod 11, though univalents were occasionally observed. Monodora tenuifolia has the chromosome number equal to 2n = 16, showing a karyotypic formular of 1 acro (large) + 2 submet (medium) + 2 met (medium) + 2 acro (medium) + 1 met (small) chromosome in the 2B Stebbins category. The results indicate that the tetrad pollen grain of Monodora tenuifolia is an advantage, since up to four pollen tubes could be seen developing from the some pollen grains, while the karyotype is asymmetrical.