bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Surface Processes During Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones on a Chirally Modified Platinum Catalyst by Operando Spectroscopy
Authors: Meemken Fabian , Hungerbühler Konrad , Baiker Alfons
Published: April 2014

Surface processes occurring at the catalytic chiral surface of a cinchona‐modified Pt catalyst during the asymmetric hydrogenation of activated ketones have been monitored for the first time using operando ATR‐IR spectroscopy. Fundamental information about this catalytic system could be gained, including the chiral modification process of the catalyst, the surface interaction of reactant ketone with preadsorbed chiral modifier, the role of hydrogen as well as the influence of the product enantiomers in the catalytic cycle. The formation of a diastereomeric transient surface complex between ketone and chiral modifier was found to be related to the ketone consumption. Among the studied activated ketones, a correlation between stereoselection and the strength of the intermolecular hydrogen bond was identified. Dissociated hydrogen from the catalytic surface is found to play a crucial role in the formation of the diastereomeric surface complex.
Acid‐Catalyzed Oxidative Radical Addition of Ketones to Olefins
Authors: Schweitzer‐Chaput Bertrand , Demaerel Joachim , Engler Hauke , Klussmann Martin
Published: April 2014

Based on a mechanistic study, we have discovered a Brønsted acid catalyzed formation of ketone radicals. This is believed to proceed via thermally labile alkenyl peroxides formed in situ from ketones and hydroperoxides. The discovery could be utilized to develop a multicomponent radical addition of unactivated ketones and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide to olefins. The resulting γ‐peroxyketones are synthetically useful intermediates that can be further transformed into 1,4‐diketones, homoaldol products, and alkyl ketones. A one‐pot reaction yielding a pharmaceutically active pyrrole is also described.
Witnessing and Positioning: Structuring Narrative Therapy with Families and Couples
Authors: Freedman Jill
Published: April 2014

In this paper, the author describes a way of structuring family therapy that fits with the narrative metaphor, creating space for stories to be understood, deconstructed and further developed. In this process, people move between positions of telling and witnessing. Family members engage in shared understanding and meaning making.
A molecularly imprinted polymer as artificial receptor for the detection of indole‐3‐carbinol
Authors: Scorrano Sonia , Mergola Lucia , Del Sole Roberta , Lazzoi Maria Rosaria , Vasapollo Giuseppe
Published: April 2014

Molecularly imprinting polymer technology is used to prepare a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the selective recognition of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C), a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic phytochemical associated with the anticancer activities of cruciferous vegetables. Prepolymerization study via nuclear magnetic resonance technique is done to choose the best functional monomer that establishes more interaction with the template. The prepared MIP is tested before in batch experiments and subsequently used as solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the selective detection of I3C from standard solutions. In order to verify the selectivity of the MIP, the binding of structurally related compounds, such as indole‐3‐acetonitrile, teophylline, and tryptophan, on the polymer is investigated. The experiments indicate that the MIP is highly selective for I3C with an association constant of Ka = (1.37 ± 0.07) × 103 M−1. Standard mixture solution loaded on MIP‐SPE cartridge give a recovery of 95% for I3C, while the other compounds are totally eluted during washing step. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40819.
Production, optimization, and partial purification of lipase fromPseudomonassp. strainBUP6, a novel rumen bacterium characterized fromMalabari goat
Authors: Priji Prakasan , Unni Kizhakkepowathial Nair , Sajith Sreedharan , Binod Parameswaran , Benjamin Sailas
Published: April 2014

This study introduces a novel bacterium—Pseudomonassp. strainBUP6—isolated from the rumen of theMalabari goat with efficiency for producing lipase. It showed significant production of lipase when grown in a newly designed basal medium, supplemented with vegetable oil. Suitability of five vegetable oils such as groundnut oil, coconut oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and palm oil as inducer for the production of lipase was examined, and groundnut oil supported the highest production of lipase (96.15 U/mL). Various physical parameters required for the maximum production of lipase were statistically optimized.Plackett–Burmann design was employed to study the interactive effects of physical parameters and found that temperature, agitation, and pH effected the production of lipase significantly. The optimum conditions for lipase production (37 °C, 200 rpm, and pH 6.9) were detected byBox–Behnken design and response surface methodology, which resulted in the 0.3‐fold increase (i.e., 126 U/mL) of the lipase activity over the unoptimized condition. The apparent molecular mass of partially purified lipase was 35 kDa, as judged bySDS‐PAGE; the activity of lipase was also confirmed by nativePAGE. Thus, this study focuses on the need for the exploitation of rumen microbes for the production of industrially significant and human‐friendly biomolecules to meet the future needs.
Exoelectrogenic biofilm as a template for sustainable formation of a catalytic mesoporous structure
Authors: Yates Matthew D. , Cusick Roland D. , Ivanov Ivan , Logan Bruce E.
Published: April 2014

Mesoporous structures can increase catalytic activity by maximizing the ratio of surface area to volume, but current synthesis techniques utilize expensive polymers and toxic chemicals. A Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilm was used as a sustainable template to form mesoporous Pd structures while eliminating the need for synthetic chemicals. The bulk of the biofilm material was removed by thermal treatments after nanoparticle formation, producing a catalytic Pd mesoporous (pore size 9.7 ± 0.1 nm) structure attached to the graphite electrode with a 1.5–2 µm thick backbone composed of nanoparticles (∼200 nm). A control electrode electrochemically plated with Pd in the absence of a biofilm exhibited a variable planar Pd base (∼0.5–3 µm thick) with sporadic Pd extrusions (∼2 µm across, 1–5 µm tall) from the surface. The biotemplated mesoporous structure produced 15–20% higher stable current densities during H2 oxidation tests than the electrochemically plated control electrode, even though 30% less Pd was present in the biotemplated catalyst. These results indicate that electroactive biofilms can be used as a sustainable base material to produce nanoporous structures without the need for synthetic polymers. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2349–2354. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of pH on the resistance of resting‐ and active anammox bacteria to NO2− inhibition
Authors: Carvajal‐Arroyo José M. , Puyol Daniel , Li Guangbin , Sierra‐Álvarez Reyes , Field Jim A.
Published: April 2014

The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium (anammox) uses nitrite as terminal electron acceptor. The nitrite can cause inhibition to the bacteria that catalyze the anammox reaction. The literature shows a great divergence on the levels of NO2− causing inhibition. Moreover, the conditions influencing the resistance of anammox bacteria to NO2− inhibitory effect are not well understood. This work investigated the effect of the pH and the concentration of nitrite on the activity and metabolism of anammox granular sludge under different physiological conditions. Batch activity tests in a range of pH values were carried out in which either actively metabolizing cells or resting cells were exposed to nitrite in the presence or absence of the electron donating substrate ammonium, respectively. The response of the bacteria was evaluated by analyzing the specific anammox activity, the accumulation of nitric oxide, and the evolution of the ATP content in the biomass. Additionally, the effect of the pH on the tolerance of the biomass to single substrate feeding interruptions was evaluated in continuous anammox bioreactors. The results show that the influence of the pH on the NO2− inhibition of anammox bacteria is greater under non‐metabolizing conditions than during active metabolism. The exposure of resting cells to NO2− (100 mg N L−1) at pH values below 7.2 caused complete inhibition of the anammox activity. The inhibition was accompanied by accumulation of the intermediate, nitric oxide, in the gas phase. In contrast, just mild inhibition was observed for resting cells exposed to the same NO2− concentration at pH values higher than 7.5 or any of the pH values tested in assays with actively metabolizing cells. ATP initially increased and subsequently decreased in time after resting cells were exposed to NO2− suggesting an active response of the cells to nitrite stress. Furthermore, bioreactors operated at pH lower than 6.8 had greater sensitivity to NO2− during an ammonium feed interruption than a bioreactor operated at pH 7.1. The results suggest that the ability of resting cells to tolerate NO2− inhibition is seriously impeded at mildly acidic pH values; whereas actively metabolizing biomass is resistant to NO2− toxicity over a wide range of pH values. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1949–1956. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monocyte‐based microrobot with chemotactic motility for tumor theragnosis
Authors: Park Sung Jun , Lee Yeonkyung , Choi Young Jin , Cho Sunghoon , Jung Han‐Earl , Zheng Shaohui , Park Bang Ju , Ko Seong Young , Park Jong‐Oh , Park Sukho
Published: April 2014

Biocompatibility, sensing, and self‐actuation are very important features for a therapeutic biomedical microrobot. As a new concept for tumor theragnosis, this paper proposes a monocyte‐based microrobots, which are combining the phagocytosis and engulfment activities containing human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP‐1) with various sized polystyrene microbeads are engulfed instead of a therapeutic drug. For the validation of the blood vessel barrier‐penetrating activity of the monocyte‐based microrobot, we fabricate a new cell migration assay with monolayer‐cultured endothelial cell (HUVEC), similar with the blood vessels. We perform the penetrating chemotactic motility of the monocyte‐based microrobot using various types of the chemo‐attractants, such as monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)‐1, human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7)‐cell lysates, and ‐contained alginate spheroids. The monocyte‐based microrobot show chemotactic transmigrating motilities similar with what an actual monocyte does. This new paradigm of a monocyte‐based microrobot having various useful properties such as biocompatibility, sensing, and self‐actuation can become the basis of a biomedical microrobot using monocytes for diagnosis and therapy of various diseases. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2132–2138. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Switching a newly discovered lactonase into an efficient and thermostable phosphotriesterase by simple double mutations His250Ile/Ile263Trp
Authors: Luo Xiao‐Jing , Kong Xu‐Dong , Zhao Jian , Chen Qi , Zhou Jiahai , Xu Jian‐He
Published: April 2014

OPHC2 is a thermostable organophosphate (OP) hydrolase in the β‐lactamase superfamily. OPs are highly toxic synthetic chemicals with no natural analogs. How did OPHC2 acquire phosphotriesterase (PTE) activity remained unclear. In this study, an OPHC2 analogue, PoOPH was discovered from Pseudomonas oleovorans exhibiting high lactonase and esterase activities and latent PTE activity. Sequence analysis revealed conserved His250 and Ile263 and site‐directed mutagenesis at these crucial residues enhanced PTE activity. The best variant PoOPHM2 carrying H250I/I263W mutations displayed 6,962‐ and 106‐fold improvements in catalytic efficiency for methyl‐parathion and ethyl‐paraoxon degradation, whereas the original lactonase and esterase activities decreased dramatically. A 1.4 × 107‐fold of specificity inversion was achieved by only two residue substitutions. Significantly, thermostability of the variants was not compromised. Crystal structure of PoOPHM2 was determined at 2.25 Å resolution and docking studies suggested that the two residues in the binding pocket determine substrate recognition. Lastly, new organophosphorus hydrolases (OPHs) were discovered using simple double mutations. Among them, PpOPHM2 from Pseudomonas putida emerged as a new promising OPH with very high activity (41.0 U mg−1) toward methyl‐parathion. Our results offer a first scrutiny to PTE activity evolution of OPHs in β‐lactamase superfamily and provide efficient and robust enzymes for OP detoxification. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1920–1930. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A versatile approach to the generation of fluid supported lipid bilayers and its applications
Authors: Mashaghi Samaneh , van Oijen Antoine M.
Published: April 2014

Establishing supported lipid bilayers with biologically relevant composition, including transmembrane proteins and various classes of lipids, presents a significant challenge. We describe a generic and facile approach to the production of fluid polymer‐supported lipid bilayers that allows for the incorporation of a wide variety of lipids and transmembrane proteins. The method is based on the formation of a polymer brush displaying lipid groups, followed by spin‐coating of membrane lipids. Subsequentially, transmembrane proteins are incorporated by the fusion of proteoliposomes with the bilayer. Several applications, including the incorporation and single‐molecule tracking of transmembrane proteins in a bilayer and the visualization of the fusion of individual, membrane‐enveloped viruses with a supported membrane, are demonstrated. Our results suggest that the membrane properties are consistent with those found in physiologically relevant conditions and underscore the wide applicability of our approach to synthetic biology, lab‐on‐a‐chip applications, biophysical and pharmaceutical studies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2076–2081. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Model‐based cell number quantification using online single‐oxygen sensor data for tissue engineering perfusion bioreactors
Authors: Lambrechts T. , Papantoniou I. , Sonnaert M. , Schrooten J. , Aerts J.‐M.
Published: April 2014

Online and non‐invasive quantification of critical tissue engineering (TE) construct quality attributes in TE bioreactors is indispensable for the cost‐effective up‐scaling and automation of cellular construct manufacturing. However, appropriate monitoring techniques for cellular constructs in bioreactors are still lacking. This study presents a generic and robust approach to determine cell number and metabolic activity of cell‐based TE constructs in perfusion bioreactors based on single oxygen sensor data in dynamic perfusion conditions. A data‐based mechanistic modeling technique was used that is able to correlate the number of cells within the scaffold (R2 = 0.80) and the metabolic activity of the cells (R2 = 0.82) to the dynamics of the oxygen response to step changes in the perfusion rate. This generic non‐destructive measurement technique is effective for a large range of cells, from as low as 1.0 × 105 cells to potentially multiple millions of cells, and can open‐up new possibilities for effective bioprocess monitoring. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 1982–1992. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of ambient light on monoclonal antibody product quality during small‐scale mammalian cell culture process in clear glass bioreactors
Authors: Mallaney Mary , Wang Szu‐han , Sreedhara Alavattam
Published: April 2014

During a small‐scale cell culture process producing a monoclonal antibody, a larger than expected difference was observed in the charge variants profile of the harvested cell culture fluid (HCCF) between the 2 L and larger scales (e.g., 400 L and 12 kL). Small‐scale studies performed at the 2 L scale consistently showed an increase in acidic species when compared with the material made at larger scale. Since the 2 L bioreactors were made of clear transparent glass while the larger scale reactors are made of stainless steel, the effect of ambient laboratory light on cell culture process in 2 L bioreactors as well as handling the HCCF was carefully evaluated. Photoreactions in the 2 L glass bioreactors including light mediated increase in acidic variants in HCCF and formulation buffers were identified and carefully analyzed. While the acidic variants comprised of a mixture of sialylated, reduced disulfide, crosslinked (nonreducible), glycated, and deamidated forms, an increase in the nonreducible forms, deamidation and Met oxidation was predominantly observed under light stress. The monoclonal antibody produced in glass bioreactors that were protected from light behaved similar to the one produced in the larger scale. Our data clearly indicate that care should be taken when glass bioreactors are used in cell culture studies during monoclonal antibody production. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:562–570, 2014
ChemInform Abstract: Improvement of the Energy Transfer from Ca3SnSi2O9 Host to Rare‐Earth Ions with the Assistance of Oxygen Vacancies.
Authors: Yu Xue , Wang Ting , Xu Xuhui , Jiang Tingming , Yu Hongling , Jiao Qing , Zhou Dacheng , Qiu Jianbei
Published: April 2014

Eu3+‐doped Ca3SnSi2O9 is prepared via solid state synthesis using stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3, CaF2, SnO2, SiO2, Eu2O3, and Dy2O3 with small amounts of H3BO3 as flux (1400 °C, 4 h, ambient atmosphere).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Tunable Direct Band Gaps: MoS2(1‐x)Se2xMonolayers.
Authors: Bartels Ludwig , et al. et al.
Published: April 2014

Single‐layer MoS2(1‐x)Se2x films with different S/Se ratios are deposited on Si(110) wafers covered by a 300 nm SiO2 layer from mixtures of Ph‐SH dissolved in THF, Ph‐Se‐Se‐Ph, and MoO3 (650—700 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Vermiculite as a Natural Silicate Crystal for Hydrogen Generation from Photocatalytic Splitting of Water under Visible Light.
Authors: Zhang Jian , Liu Tianyu , Chen Rui , Liu Xiaoheng
Published: April 2014

Vermiculite, (Mg,Fe,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10 (OH)2·4H2O, a low cost nanosized silicate clay mineral with paper‐like morphology, is used for H2O splitting experiments under visible light in the absence of any noble metal.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Barium Iron Phosphates: Insight into New Structure Types Tailored by Hydrogen Atoms.
Authors: Sun Li‐Zhi , Sun Wei , Ren Wei‐Jian , Zhang Jia‐Ying , Huang Ya‐Xi , Sun Zhi‐Mei , Pan Yuanming , Mi Jin‐Xiao
Published: April 2014

Single crystals of Ba2Fe2[H(PO3OH)2] [H(P2O7)2] (I) are prepared by reaction of Ba(NO3)2, FeCl2·4H2O, and 85% H3PO4 in the molar ratio of Ba:Fe = 1:1 without addition of any water (autoclave, 240 °C, 3 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly and Structural Transformations of High‐Nuclearity Palladium‐Rich Polyoxometalates.
Authors: Cameron Jamie M. , Gao Jing , Long De‐Liang , Cronin Leroy
Published: April 2014

Compounds (IV), (V), and (VII) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1, 2, and 2, respectively (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: DoE (Design of Experiments) Assisted Allylic Hydroxylation of Enones Catalyzed by a Copper—Aluminum Mixed Oxide.
Authors: Garcia‐Cabeza Ana Leticia , Marin‐Barrios Ruben , Azarken Redouan , Moreno‐Dorado F. Javier , Ortega Maria J. , Vidal Hilario , Gatica Jose M. , Massanet Guillermo M. , Guerra Francisco M.
Published: April 2014

The regio‐ and stereoselective hydroxylation of α,β‐ or α,β,γ,δ‐ unsaturated ketones with air in the presence of KOtBu is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene Oxyalkylation Enabled by Merging Rhenium Catalysis with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents via Decarboxylation.
Authors: Wang Yin , Zhang Lei , Yang Yunhui , Zhang Ping , Du Zhenting , Wang Congyang
Published: April 2014

The first rhenium‐catalyzed oxyalkylation of alkenes is described using hypervalent iodine(III) reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxydeoxybenzoins from the Alkali Degradation of Readily Prepared 3‐Aryl‐4‐hydroxycoumarins in Water.
Authors: Zhou Zhong‐Zhen , Yan Guang‐Hua , Chen Wen‐Hua , Yang Xue‐Mei
Published: April 2014

An efficient microwave‐assisted synthesis of 2‐hydroxydeoxybenzoins of type (III) is described, which are formed from the alkali degradation of 3‐aryl‐4‐hydroxycoumarins (II) in water.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐CF3‐ or β‐CF3‐Substituted Acrylic Acids Using Rhodium(I) Complexes with a Combination of Chiral and Achiral Ligands.
Authors: Dong Kaiwu , Li Yang , Wang Zheng , Ding Kuiling
Published: April 2014

The products can be transformed to fluorinated natural compounds, e.g. dehydrocurcumene (VII) and tumerone (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to Spirocyclic Oxindole Alkaloids: Application of the Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Trimethylenemethane Cycloaddition.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Bringley Dustin A. , Zhang Ting , Cramer Nicolai
Published: April 2014

The title reaction provides a synthesis of marcofortines, which are potent anthelmintic active metabolites.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Bromocyclization of Tryptamines and Its Application in the Synthesis of (—)‐Chimonanthine.
Authors: Xie Weiqing , Jiang Guangde , Liu Huan , Hu Jiadong , Pan Xixian , Zhang Hui , Wan Xiaolong , Lai Yisheng , Ma Dawei
Published: April 2014

A highly enantioselective bromocyclization of tryptamine derivatives is developed using a DABCO‐derived bromine complex as bromide source and 8H‐(R)‐TRIP as chiral ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: New Routes Towards Reutericyclin Analogues.
Authors: Jones Raymond C. F. , Bullous James P. , Law Carole C. M. , Elsegood Mark R. J.
Published: April 2014

A range of N‐acylpyrrolo[3,4‐c]isoxazoles [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Green and Highly Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Some New Bis Thiazolidinones
Authors: Mobinikhaledi Akbar , Amiri Alireza Khajeh
Published: April 2014

via simple condensation of an appropriate dialdehyde with N,N′‐diarylthioureas and chloroacetyl chloride in eutectic salts as promoter and solvent
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tricyclic Fused Coumarin Sulfonates and Their Inhibitory Effects on LPS‐Induced Nitric Oxide and PGE2 Productions in RAW 264.7 Macrophages.
Authors: Jang Hyeon‐Lok , El‐Gamal Mohammed I. , Choi Hye‐Eun , Choi Ho‐Yeong , Lee Kyung‐Tae , Oh Chang‐Hyun
Published: April 2014

Among all the sulfonates synthesized, compound (VIIe) is found to exhibit the highest inhibitory activities on both NO and PGE2 productions in LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophages with low cytotoxicity.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Free, Copper‐Catalyzed Ullmann‐Type C—N Coupling: Regioselective Synthesis of Azole‐Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Kaswan Pinku , Pericherla Kasiviswanadharaju , Kumar Anil
Published: April 2014

A facile procedure for the coupling of imidazopyridines with various azoles or in situ generated 1,2,3‐triazoles to furnish the corresponding azole‐substituted derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Stepwise Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐vinylindolizines Using a Mixture of N‐Allyl‐2‐halopyridinium Halides and CH Acid Derived from Acetonitrile.
Authors: Tverdokhleb N. M. , Khoroshilov G. E.
Published: April 2014

A simple method for the synthesis of 2‐amino‐3‐vinylindolizines via Thorpe cyclization as key step is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Dihydropyrimidine‐Based Compounds Bearing Pyrazoline Moiety and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative Activity.
Authors: Awadallah Fadi M. , Piazza Gary A. , Gary Bernard D. , Keeton Adam B. , Canzoneri Joshua C.
Published: April 2014

Title compound (III) (16 examples) are screened for their antiproliferative activity against A 549 (lung), HT 29 (colon), MCF 7, and MDA‐MB 231 (breast) cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Quinazoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones from CO2 Using Ionic Liquids as a Dual Solvent—Catalyst at Atmospheric Pressure.
Authors: Lu Wenjing , Ma Jun , Hu Jiayin , Song Jinliang , Zhang Zhaofu , Yang Guanying , Han Buxing
Published: April 2014

The dual solvent‐catalyst [bmim]OAc can be reused at least five times without an observable decrease in catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct α‐Vinylidenation of Aldehydes and Subsequent Cascade: Gold and Amine Catalysts Work Synergistically.
Authors: Wang Zhaofeng , Li Xijian , Huang Yong
Published: April 2014

The title reaction provides a rapid access to polysubstituted furans from aldehydes [reaction of (IIIa)].
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Diterpenoids from the Beibu Gulf Gorgonian Anthogorgia caerulea.
Authors: Gao Cheng‐Hai , He Bi‐Juan , Chen Yin‐Ning , Ke Ke , Lin Lin , Long Bin , Huang Ri‐Ming
Published: April 2014

Two new diterpenoids, anthogonoid A (I) and antsimplexin A (II), are isolated together with the structurally related and already known klysimplexin G.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Opening of Hindered Cyclic Epoxides with Potassium Carboxylates in the Presence of Conjugate Acids.
Authors: Trant John F. , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: April 2014

Optimal reaction conditions are found for the ring‐opening of hindered epoxides with potassium carboxylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Bisindole Alkaloids from the Amazonian Tree Raputia simulans.
Authors: Vougogiannopoulou Konstantina , Travasarou Aikaterini , Fokialakis Nikolas , Skaltsounis Alexios L.
Published: April 2014

Three new alkaloids, caulindoles E (I), F (IIa) and G (IIb), are isolated and their relative configurations are assigned.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Chromanones from Calea clausseniana
Authors: do Nascimento Andrea M. , de Oliveira Dioneia C. R.
Published: April 2014

isolation and structure elucidation of uniflorol acetate A (I), B (II), and chroman‐4‐one (III)
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of Rooperol and Related 1,5‐Diarylpent‐1‐en‐4‐ynes.
Authors: Kerwin Sean M. , Cha Jonathan
Published: April 2014

A short five‐step synthesis of rooperol (IX) is presented starting from perchlorocyclopropene (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Diastereoselective Oxa‐Pictet‐Spengler Approach to (+)‐Astropaquinone B and (+)‐Astropaquinone C and the Formation of Astropaquinone B Dimer.
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Mulay Sandip V.
Published: April 2014

Astropaquinone B (IV) is accompanied by minor amounts of its dimer (not shown).
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Pure Crystalline Zinc Phosphide Nanoparticles: Synthetic Approaches and Characterization.
Authors: Mobarok Md Hosnay , Luber Erik J. , Bernard Guy M. , Peng Li , Wasylishen Roderick E. , Buriak Jillian M.
Published: April 2014

Phase‐pure and crystalline Zn3P2 nanoparticles (≈3—15 nm) are prepared by two different solution‐phase strategies using precipitation from a 1‐octadecene solution of P(octyl)3 (TOP) and ZnMe2 (348 °C, 2 h) followed by flocculation of nanoparticles with PrOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Cl—Ga (Chlorine—Gallium)
Authors: Okamoto H.
Published: April 2014

Review: phase equilibria; 5 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Carbons: Habits and Oddities
Authors: Boulfelfel Salah Eddine , Selli Daniele , Leoni Stefano
Published: April 2014

Review: discussion of crystal structure predictions of novel carbon polymorphs with even and odd rings; 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocrystals from Solutions: Catalysts
Authors: Wu Yuen , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: April 2014

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Activation of Esters: A New Option for Asymmetric Domino Reactions
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Enders Dieter
Published: April 2014

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycerol: A Solvent and a Building Block of Choice for Microwave and Ultrasound Irradiation Procedures
Authors: Cintas P. , Tagliapietra S. , Calcio Gaudino E. , Palmisano G. , Cravotto G.
Published: April 2014

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Polymer—Metal Nanocomposites via Direct Chemical Reduction by Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Xu Ping , Han Xijiang , Zhang Bin , Du Yunchen , Wang Hsing‐Lin
Published: April 2014

Review: syntheses and application of multifunctional conjugated polymer — nobel metal nanocomposites in sensing, catalysis, and electronic devices; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Metal Nanoparticle‐Catalyzed Asymmetric C—C Bond Formation Reactions
Authors: Yasukawa Tomohiro , Miyamura Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Shu
Published: April 2014

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Catalysis. Part 2. Artificial Enzyme Mimics
Authors: Raynal Matthieu , Ballester Pablo , Vidal‐Ferran Anton , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M.
Published: April 2014

Review: 852 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmetalation of Self‐Assembled, Supramolecular Complexes
Authors: Carnes Matthew E. , Collins Mary S. , Johnson Darren W.
Published: April 2014

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organoplatinum‐Mediated Synthesis of Cyclic π‐Conjugated Molecules: Towards a New Era of Three‐Dimensional Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Yamago Shigeru , Kayahara Eiichi , Iwamoto Takahiro
Published: April 2014

Review: [62 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Remote‐Controlling Chemical Reactions by Light: Towards Chemistry with High Spatio‐Temporal Resolution
Authors: Goestl Robert , Senf Antti , Hecht Stefan
Published: April 2014

Review: 33 refs.
Enantioselective Acute Toxicity Effects and Bioaccumulation of Furalaxyl in the Earthworm (Eisenia foetida)
Authors: Qin Fang , Gao Yongxin , Guo Baoyuan , Xu Peng , Li Jianzhong , Wang Huili
Published: April 2014

The enantioselectivities of individual enantiomers of furalaxyl in acute toxicity and bioaccumulation in the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) were studied. The acute toxicity was tested by filter paper contact test. After 48 h of exposure, the calculated LC50 values of the R‐form, rac‐form, and S‐form were 2.27, 2.08, and 1.22 µg cm‐2, respectively. After 72 h of exposure, the calculated LC50 values were 1.90, 1.54, and 1.00 µg cm‐2, respectively. Therefore, the acute toxicity of furalaxyl enantiomers was enantioselective. During the bioaccumulation experiment, the enantiomer fraction of furalaxyl in earthworm tissue was observed to deviate from 0.50 and maintained a range of 0.55–0.60; in other words, the bioaccumulation of furalaxyl was enantioselective in earthworm tissue with a preferential accumulation of S‐furalaxyl. The uptake kinetic of furalaxyl enantiomers fitted the first‐order kinetics well and the calculated kinetic parameters were consistent with the low accumulation efficiency. Chirality 26:307–312, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epitaxial germanium deposited by MOVPE on InGaAs quantum dot stressors grown by MBE
Authors: Bosi M. , Attolini G. , Frigeri P. , Nasi L. , Rossi F. , Seravalli L. , Trevisi G.
Published: April 2014

Tensile strained Ge is considered as an enabling material for the integration of light emitting sources on Si because it shows unique indirect to direct bandgap transition and very high carrier mobilities (> 10.000 cm2/Vs). In the framework of this goal we aim to realize tensile germanium on In(Ga)As quantum dots (QD) stressors grown on GaAs and in this paper we focus on the study of deposition at different temperatures of Ge layers by Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) on QD grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). The structures were characterized by Photoluminescence (PL) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) before and after Ge epitaxy. Cross sectional TEM analysis shows that the Ge overlayer is epitaxially grown on the InGaAs/GaAs QD underlayer, with the same orientation. No structural defects are observed in the whole structures. Intermixing and In desorption occur at higher deposition temperature.
Thermoset Coatings from Epoxidized Sucrose Soyate and Blocked, Bio‐Based Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Kovash Curtiss S. , Pavlacky Erin , Selvakumar Sermadurai , Sibi Mukund P. , Webster Dean C.
Published: April 2014

A new 100 % bio‐based thermosetting coating system was developed from epoxidized sucrose soyate crosslinked with blocked bio‐based dicarboxylic acids. A solvent‐free, green method was used to block the carboxylic acid groups and render the acids miscible with the epoxy resin. The thermal reversibility of this blocking allowed for the formulation of epoxy‐acid thermoset coatings that are 100 % bio‐based. This was possible due to the volatility of the vinyl ethers under curing conditions. These systems have good adhesion to metal substrates and perform well under chemical and physical stress. Additionally, the hardness of the coating system is dependent on the chain length of the diacid used, making it tunable.
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction in outpatients with peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease: prevalence and association with location of arterial disease
Authors: Hedberg Pär , Hammar Charlotta , Selmeryd Jonas , Viklund Josefin , Leppert Jerzy , Hellberg Anders , Henriksen Egil
Published: April 2014

Aims

We aimed to determine the prevalence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) in outpatients with peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease (PAVD). Further, the associations of stenotic internal carotid artery disease (SICAD) and lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) with LVSD were evaluated.

Methods and results

In the Peripheral Artery Disease in Västmanland study, consecutive outpatients with ultrasonographically identified mild to severe stenosis in the internal carotid artery or symptoms of claudication combined with either ankle brachial index of ≤0.90 or ultrasonographic occlusive findings were included (n = 437). Population‐based control subjects were matched to the patients (n = 395). LVSD was defined as echocardiographically determined left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <55%, and moderate or greater LVSD was defined as LVEF <45%. The prevalence of LVSD was significantly greater in patients than in controls (13.7% vs. 6.1%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of moderate or greater LVSD in participants not on treatment with a combination of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor and beta‐blocker was 2.3% in patients and 1.3% in controls (P = 0.31). When LEAD and SICAD were analysed together, adjusted for potential confounders, SICAD [odds ratio (OR) 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–6.32], but not LEAD (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.80–3.18), was independently associated with LVSD.

Conclusions

In outpatients with PAVD, we found a 13.7% prevalence of LVSD. However, the prevalence of at least moderate LVSD in patients not on treatment with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor and a beta‐blocker was only 2.3% and not significantly different from controls. Stenotic artery disease in the internal carotid artery, but not in the lower extremities, was independently associated with LVSD.
A Polar 18F‐Labeled Amino Acid Derivative for Click Labeling of Biomolecules
Authors: Schieferstein Hanno , Ross Tobias L.
Published: April 2014

This work describes the synthesis and 18F‐labeling of an amino acid based prosthetic group that is able to participate in copper(I)‐catalyzed cycloadditions. The prosthetic group can be used for 18F labeling of biomolecules under mild conditions. The synthesis started with L‐serine methyl ester, which was derivatized by introducing an alkyne moiety and a leaving group for 18F labeling. Subsequently, 18F labeling as well as deprotection conditions were screened, which resulted in an overall radiochemical yield (RCY) of around 28 %. Furthermore, the 18F‐labeled prosthetic group was treated with an azido cyclic Arg‐Gly‐Asp (cRGD) peptide as a model system in very high RCY of 98 %.
The impact of middle names: Middle name initials enhance evaluations of intellectual performance
Authors: van Tilburg Wijnand A. P. , Igou Eric R.
Published: April 2014

Middle name initials often appear in formal contexts, especially when people refer to intellectual achievements. On the basis of this common link, the display of middle initials increases positive evaluations of people's intellectual capacities and achievements. We document this effect in seven studies: Middle initials in authors' names increased the evaluation of their writing performance (Study 1), and middle initials increased perceptions of status (Studies 2 and 4). Moreover, the middle initials effect was specific to intellectual performance (Studies 3 and 6), and it was mediated by perceived status (Studies 5–7). Besides supporting our hypotheses, the results of these studies yield important implication for everyday life. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differentiating soft tissue leiomyosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: A miRNA analysis
Authors: Guled Mohamed , Pazzaglia Laura , Borze Ioana , Mosakhani Neda , Novello Chiara , Benassi Maria Serena , Knuutila Sakari
Published: April 2014

The rare and highly aggressive adult soft tissue sarcomas leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) contain complex genomes characterized by a multitude of rearrangements, amplifications, and deletions. Differential diagnosis remains a challenge. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiling was conducted on a series of LMS and UPS samples to initially investigate the differential expression and to identify specific signatures useful for improving the differential diagnosis. Initially, 10 high‐grade LMS and 10 high‐grade UPS were profiled with a miRNA microarray. Two cultured human mesenchymal stem cell samples were used as controls. 38 and 46 miRNAs classified UPS and LMS samples, respectively, into separate groups compared to control samples. When comparing the two profiles, miR‐199b‐5p, miR‐320a, miR‐199a‐3p, miR‐126, miR‐22 were differentially expressed. These were validated by RT‐PCR on a further series of 27 UPS and 21 LMS for a total of 68 cases. The levels of miR‐199‐5p and miR‐320a, in particular, confirmed the microarray data, the former highly expressed in UPS and the latter in LMS. Immunohistochemistry was performed on all 68 cases to confirm original diagnosis. Recently reported LMS‐ and UPS‐associated genes were correlated with miRNA targets based on target algorithms of three databases. Several genes including IMP3, ROR2, MDM2, CDK4, and UPA, are targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. We identified miRNA expression patterns in LMS and UPS, linking them to chromosomal regions and mRNA targets known to be involved in tumor development/progression of LMS and UPS. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid automatic segmentation of the human cerebellum and its lobules (RASCAL)—Implementation and application of the patch‐based label‐fusion technique with a template library to segment the human cerebellum
Authors: Weier Katrin , Fonov Vladimir , Lavoie Karyne , Doyon Julien , Collins D. Louis
Published: April 2014

Reliable and fast segmentation of the human cerebellum with its complex architecture of lobes and lobules has been a challenge for the past decades. Emerging knowledge of the functional integration of the cerebellum in various sensori‐motor and cognitive‐behavioral circuits demands new automatic segmentation techniques, with accuracies similar to manual segmentations, but applicable to large subject numbers in a reasonable time frame. This article presents the development and application of a novel pipeline for rapid automatic segmentation of the human cerebellum and its lobules (RASCAL) combining patch‐based label‐fusion and a template library of manually labeled cerebella of 16 healthy controls from the International Consortium for Brain Mapping (ICBM) database. Leave‐one‐out experiments revealed a good agreement between manual and automatic segmentations (Dice kappa = 0.82). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to test reliability of segmented volumes and were highest (ICC > 0.9) for global measures (total and hemispherical grey and white matter) followed by larger lobules of the posterior lobe (ICC > 0.8). Further we applied the pipeline to all 152 young healthy controls of the ICBM database to look for hemispheric and gender differences. The results demonstrated larger native space volumes in men then women (mean (± SD) total cerebellar volume in women = 217 cm3 (± 26), men = 259 cm3 (± 29); P < 0.001). Significant gender‐by‐hemisphere interaction was only found in stereotaxic space volumes for white matter core (men > women) and anterior lobe volume (women > men). This new method shows great potential for the precise and efficient analysis of the cerebellum in large patient cohorts. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5026–5039, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Balancing Interests in the Search for Occupational Legitimacy: The HR Professionalization Project in Canada
Authors: Pohler Dionne , Willness Chelsea
Published: April 2014

Despite broad debates surrounding how the human resource management occupation can increase its legitimacy, researchers have yet to examine the collective steps HR practitioners are taking in this regard and the extent to which they have been successful. We conduct a case study of the HR professionalization project in Canada via multisource qualitative and quantitative data, which we analyze using a unique integration of the trait and control models from the sociology of professions, as well as isomorphism from institutional theory. Viewed through the lens of these frameworks, we find that HR practitioners are attempting to emulate traits that define traditional notions of professions, and are aspiring to transcendent values associated with balancing the sometimes conflicting interests of employers and employees. Objective data from external stakeholders and institutions show that these collective strategies have been somewhat successful in garnering greater legitimacy thus far, particularly when comparisons are made with the HR professional project in the United States. We highlight numerous implications for future research and practice surrounding the legitimacy of the HR profession. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A framework for regional estimation of intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves
Authors: Burn Donald H.
Published: April 2014

A regional, or pooled, approach to frequency analysis is explored in the context of the estimation of rainfall quantiles required for the formation of intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) curves. Resampling experiments are used, in conjunction with two rainfall data sets with long record lengths, to explore the merits of a pooled approach to the estimation of extreme rainfall quantiles. The width of the 95% confidence interval for quantile estimates is used as the primary basis to evaluate the relative merits of pooled and single site estimates of rainfall quantiles. Recommendations are formulated for applying the regional approach to frequency analysis, and these recommendations are used in the application of the regional approach to 40 sites with IDF data in southern Ontario, Canada. The results demonstrate that the regional approach is preferred to single site analysis for estimating extreme rainfall quantiles for conditions and data availability commonly encountered in practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of increasing gravel cover on forest roads for reduced sediment delivery to stream crossings
Authors: Brown Kristopher R. , McGuire Kevin J. , Aust W. Michael , Hession W. Cully , Dolloff C. Andrew
Published: April 2014

Direct sediment inputs from forest roads at stream crossings are a major concern for water quality and aquatic habitat. Legacy road–stream crossing approaches, or the section of road leading to the stream, may have poor water and grade control upon reopening, thus increasing the potential for negative impacts to water quality. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted on the entire running surface area associated with six reopened stream crossing approaches in the south‐western Virginia Piedmont physiographic region, USA. Event‐based surface run‐off and associated total suspended solid (TSS) concentrations were compared among a succession of gravel surfacing treatments that represented increasing intensities of best management practice (BMP) implementation. The three treatments were no gravel (10–19% cover), low gravel (34–60% cover), and high gravel (50–99% cover). Increased field hydraulic conductivity was associated with maximized surface cover and ranged from 7.2 to 41.6, 11.9 to 46.3, and 16.0 to 58.6 mm h−1 respectively for the no gravel, low gravel, and high gravel treatments. Median TSS concentration of surface run‐off for the no gravel treatment (2.84 g l−1) was greater than low gravel (1.10 g l−1) and high gravel (0.82 g l−1) by factors of 2.6 and 3.5 respectively. Stream crossing approaches with 90–99% surface cover had TSS concentrations below 1 g l−1. Reducing the length of road segments that drain directly to the stream can reduce the costs associated with gravel surfacing. This research demonstrates that judicious and low‐cost BMPs can ameliorate poor water control and soil erosion associated with reopening legacy roads. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1)—An increasing insight into its role in tumorigenicity and metastasis
Authors: Schlesinger Martin , Bendas Gerd
Published: April 2014

Vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) first attracted attention more than two decades ago as endothelial adhesion receptor with key function for leukocyte recruitment in term of cellular immune response. The early finding of VCAM‐1 binding to melanoma cells, and thus a suggested mechanistic contribution to metastatic spread, was the first and for a long time the only link of VCAM‐1 to cancer sciences. In the last few years, hallmarked by a growing insight into the molecular understanding of tumorigenicity and metastasis, an impressive variety of VCAM‐1 functionalities in cancer have been elucidated. The present review aims to provide a current overview of VCAM‐1 relevance for tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and related processes. By illustrating the intriguing role of VCAM‐1 in cancer disease, VCAM‐1 is suggested as a new and up to now underestimated target in cancer treatment and in clinical diagnosis of malignancies.
Testing crossover effects in an actor–partner interdependence model among Chinese dual‐earner couples
Authors: Liu Huimin , Cheung Fanny M.
Published: April 2014

The purpose of the present study is to examine the crossover effects from one partner's work–family interface (work–family conflict [WFC] and work–family enrichment [WFE]) to the other partner's four outcomes (psychological strain, life satisfaction, marital satisfaction and job satisfaction) in a sample of Chinese dual‐earner couples. Married couples (N = 361) completed a battery of questionnaires, including the work–family interface scale, the psychological strain scale, the life, marital, as well as job satisfaction scale. Results from the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) analyses showed that wives' WFE was negatively associated with husbands' psychological strain, and positively associated with husbands' life, marital and job satisfaction. Furthermore, husbands' WFC was negatively related to wives' marital satisfaction, whereas husbands' WFE was positively related to wives' marital satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed, and future research directions were provided.
Teaching Adolescent ELs to Write Academic‐Style Persuasive Essays
Authors: Ramos Kathleen
Published: April 2014

The wide adoption of the new Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in the U.S. has increased expectations for all teachers to prepare all learners to read and write in academic ways. More knowledge is needed about instructional approaches that may lead adolescent English learners (ELs) to meet this goal. Developing academic literacy practices represents an acute challenge for adolescentELs. This article describes an eight‐week instructional unit in a U.S. urban public high school that investigated the effectiveness of using the genre‐based Reading to Learn approach to support 20 adolescentELs in learning to write academic‐style persuasive essays. Results indicated a statistically significant increase from pretest to posttest in the participants' effective use of the linguistic resources that function to create persuasion in an academic way. These findings suggest that the Reading to Learn approach may be one way to support adolescentELs in developing academic literacy practices.