bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Global and Regional Model Simulations to Understand Maritime Continent Wet‐Season Rainfall Variability
Authors: King Andrew D. , Vincent Claire L.
Published: November 2018

The Maritime Continent is a densely populated area of complex topography located between the Pacific and Indian Oceans. It is an area where model skill is particularly important but also difficult to obtain. In this study we examine interannual austral summer rainfall variability in the region and the teleconnection to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in observation‐based data, reanalyses, and global and regional atmosphere‐only model simulations. We show that model ability to capture interannual rainfall variability is strongly related to model skill in reproducing the ENSO teleconnection to the region, despite strong spatial variability in the ENSO‐rainfall response in coastal areas. Model ability in capturing the spatial pattern of both the midtropospheric moisture and circulation response to ENSO is a strong predictor for model performance in capturing the ENSO‐Maritime Continent rainfall teleconnection. High‐resolution regional simulations and better performing models have opposing ENSO‐rainfall teleconnections between land and sea areas.
Patterns in Mobility and Modification of Middle‐ and High‐Latitude Southern Hemisphere Dunes on Mars
Authors: Banks Maria E. , Fenton Lori K. , Bridges Nathan T. , Geissler Paul E. , Chojnacki Matthew , Runyon Kirby D. , Silvestro Simone , Zimbelman James R.
Published: November 2018

Change detection analyses of aeolian bedforms (dunes and ripples), using multitemporal images acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), can reveal migration of bedforms on Mars. Here we investigated bedform mobility (evidence of wind‐driven migration or activity), from analysis of HiRISE temporal image pairs, and dune field modification (i.e., apparent presence/lack of changes or degradation due to nonaeolian processes) through use of a dune stability index or SI (1–6; higher numbers indicating increasing evidence of stability/modification). Combining mobility data and SI for 70 dune fields south of 40°S latitude, we observed a clear trend of decreasing bedform mobility with increasing SI and latitude. Both dunes and ripples were more commonly active at lower latitudes, although some high‐latitude ripples are migrating. Most dune fields with lower SIs (≤3) were found to be active while those with higher SIs were primarily found to be inactive. A shift in prevalence of active to apparently inactive bedforms and to dune fields with SI ≥ 2 occurs at ~60°S latitude, coincident with the edge of high concentrations of H2O‐equivalent hydrogen observed by the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer. This result is consistent with previous studies suggesting that stabilizing agents, such as ground ice, likely stabilize bedforms and limit sediment availability. Observations of active dune fields with morphologies indicative of stability (i.e., migrating ripples in SI = 3 dune fields) may have implications for episodic phases of reworking or dune building, and possibly geologically recent activation or stabilization corresponding to shifts in climate.
Prevalence of Chronic Constipation and Chronic Diarrhea in Diabetic Individuals in the United States
Authors: Sommers Thomas , Mitsuhashi Shuji , Singh Prashant , Hirsch William , Katon Jesse , Ballou Sarah , Rangan Vikram , Cheng Vivian , Friedlander Daniel , Iturrino Johanna , Lembo Anthony , Nee Judy
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION:

Diabetic individuals commonly report disordered bowel habits. This study aims to report the prevalence and associated factors of chronic diarrhea (CD) and chronic constipation (CC) in diabetics using a nationally representative sample of US adults.

METHODS:

Analyses were performed using data from subjects in the 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset who completed the Bowel Health Questionnaire. The NHANES dataset provides medical comorbidities, demographics, and dietary habits of a nationally representative group of adult survey participants in the United States. CC and CD were defined by Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) Types 1 & 2 and BSFS Types 6 & 7 as the “usual or most common stool type,” respectively, and frequent laxative users were also defined as having CC. Co-variables for all subjects included demographic and lifestyle factors, and co-variables evaluated only in diabetics included treatment and severity markers for diabetes.

RESULTS:

We identified 661 diabetic subjects and 4488 non-diabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects (25.8%) reported disordered bowel habits. In unadjusted analysis, CD was more prevalent in diabetics than in non-diabetics (11.2% vs. 6.0%; p < 0.0001); however, the prevalence of CC was not significantly different between groups (14.6% vs. 11.2%; p = 0.126). When adjusting for covariates (e.g., BMI, gender, age, race/ethnicity, education level, etc.), diabetes itself remained associated with CD. Diabetic individuals with CD more frequently used drugs to lower blood sugar, and diabetic subjects with CC more frequently had poor kidney function.

CONCLUSIONS:

CD is significantly more prevalent in diabetics than in non-diabetics, whereas CC is not, and the association between CD and diabetes remains significant when adjusting for covariates. Use of medications that lower blood sugar is associated with CD in diabetic individuals, whereas poor kidney function is associated with CC in diabetics.
Two Contrasting Patterns and Underlying Genes for Coadaptation of Seed Dormancy and Flowering Time in Rice
Authors: Gu Xing-You , Pipatpongpinyo Wirat , Zhang Lihua , Zhou Yuliang , Ye Heng , Feng Jiuhuan
Published: November 2018

Association between seed dormancy (SD) and flowering time (FT) may generate a synergy in plant adaptation. This research aimed to identify patterns and underlying genes of the association in rice (Oryza sativa). Four F2 and two BC1F1 populations from crosses of weedy/cultivated rice, and two families of progeny lines from backcrosses were evaluated for variations in time to flowering and germination ability. The two measurements were correlated negatively in the F2 and BC1F1 populations, but positively in advanced generations of the progeny lines. The negative correlations were resulted from linkage disequilibria between SD and FT loci at 7–40 cM apart. The positive correlations arose from co-located SD and FT loci undetectable in the BC1F1 population. Two independent sets of co-localized loci were isolated as single Mendelian factors, and haplotypes that promote flowering and reduce germination derived from weedy and cultivated rice, respectively. The presence of negative and positive correlations indicates that the rice complex has maintained two contrasting patterns of SD-FT coadaptation, with the positive being “recessive” to the negative pattern. Modeling with isogenic lines suggests that a negative pattern could generate a greater synergy (difference between haplotype variants) than the positive one for seedbank persistence, or enhanced plant adaptation to seasonal changes in temperature or moisture. However, the early-flowering dormant genotype of a positive pattern could also have a selective advantage over its counterpart for weeds to avoid harvesting. The isolated haplotypes could be used to manipulate cultivars simultaneously for germination ability and growth duration.
Regional variations in human milk oligosaccharides in Vietnam suggest FucTx activity besides FucT2 and FucT3
Authors: van Leeuwen Sander S. , Stoutjesdijk Eline , ten Kate Geert A. , Schaafsma Anne , Dijck-Brouwer Janneke , Muskiet Frits A. J. , Dijkhuizen Lubbert
Published: November 2018

Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development (WHO). Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOS) constitute a highly important class of nutrients that are attracting strong attention in recent years. Several studies have indicated that hMOS have prebiotic properties, but also are effective in anti-adhesion of pathogens, modulating the immune system and providing nutrients for brain growth and development. Most of the latter functions seem to be linked to the presence of fucose-containing immunodeterminant epitopes, and Neu5Ac-bearing oligosaccharides. Analysis of hMOS isolated from 101 mothers’ milk showed regional variation in Lewis- and Secretor based immunodeterminants. Lewis-negative milk groups could be sub-divided into two sub-groups, based on the activity of a third and hitherto unidentified fucosyltransferase enzyme. Analysis of hMOS remaining in faeces showed three sub-groups based on hMOS surviving passage through the gut, full consumption, specific partial consumption and non-specific partial consumption, fitting previous findings.
The anti-tumor diterpene oridonin is a direct inhibitor of Nucleolin in cancer cells
Authors: Vasaturo Michele , Cotugno Roberta , Fiengo Lorenzo , Vinegoni Claudio , Dal Piaz Fabrizio , De Tommasi Nunziatina
Published: November 2018

The bioactive plant diterpene oridonin displays important pharmacological activities and is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine; however, its molecular mechanism of action is still incompletely described. In vitro and in vivo data have demonstrated anti-tumor activity of oridonin and its ability to interfere with several cell pathways; however, presently only the molecular chaperone HSP70 has been identified as a direct potential target of this compound. Here, using a combination of different proteomic approaches, innovative Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) experiments, and classical biochemical methods, we demonstrate that oridonin interacts with Nucleolin, effectively modulating the activity of this multifunctional protein. The ability of oridonin to target Nucleolin and/or HSP70 could account for the bioactivity profile of this plant diterpene. Recently, Nucleolin has attracted attention as a druggable target, as its diverse functions are implicated in pathological processes such as cancer, inflammation, and viral infection. However, up to now, no small molecule as Nucleolin binders has been reported, thus our finding represents the first evidence of Nucleolin modulation by a small inhibitor.
Statin-induced metabolic reprogramming in head and neck cancer: a biomarker for targeting monocarboxylate transporters
Authors: Mehibel Manal , Ortiz-Martinez Fernando , Voelxen Nadine , Boyers Amy , Chadwick Amy , Telfer Brian A. , Mueller-Klieser Wolfgang , West Catharine M. , Critchlow Susan E. , Williams Kaye J. , Stratford Ian J.
Published: November 2018

Prognosis of HPV negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients remains poor despite surgical and medical advances and inadequacy of predictive and prognostic biomarkers in this type of cancer highlights one of the challenges to successful therapy. Statins, widely used for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia, have been shown to possess anti-tumour effects which were partly attributed to their ability to interfere with metabolic pathways essential in the survival of cancer cells. Here, we have investigated the effect of statins on the metabolic modulation of HNSCC cancers with a vision to predict a personalised anticancer therapy. Although, treatment of tumour-bearing mice with simvastatin did not affect tumour growth, pre-treatment for 2 weeks prior to tumour injection, inhibited tumour growth resulting in strongly increased survival. This was associated with increased expression of the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and a significant reduction in tumour lactate content, suggesting a possible reliance of these tumours on oxidative phosphorylation for survival. Since MCT1 is responsible for the uptake of mitochondrial fuels into the cells, we reasoned that inhibiting it would be beneficial. Interestingly, combination of simvastatin with AZD3965 (MCT1 inhibitor) led to further tumour growth delay as compared to monotherapies, without signs of toxicity. In clinical biopsies, prediagnostic statin therapy was associated with a significantly higher MCT1 expression and was not of prognostic value following conventional chemo-radiotherapy. These findings provide a rationale to investigate the clinical effectiveness of MCT1 inhibition in patients with HNSCC who have been taking lipophilic statins prior to diagnosis.
Establishment of a Regional Interdisciplinary Medical System for Managing Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)
Authors: Fujimoto Ayataka , Okanishi Tohru , Imai Shin , Ogai Masaaki , Fukunaga Akiko , Nakamura Hidenori , Sato Keishiro , Obana Akira , Masui Takayuki , Arai Yoshifumi , Enoki Hideo
Published: November 2018

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by lesions that involve multiple organs. Interdisciplinary management at individual facilities needs to be coordinated to treat multiple organ systems. We hypothesized that the number of patients, opportunities for patients to undergo examinations, and opportunities for patients to be treated would increase after establishment of a TSC board (TB) in our hospital. From August 1979 to August 2017, 76 patients were studied. We established the TB in our hospital in 2014. We divided the patients into the pre-TB group and post-TB group. Patients consisted of 33 females and 43 males (mean age, 18.7 years; median age, 15 years). The follow-up period was 2 to 457 months (mean, 51.6 months; median, 24.5 months). Twenty-four patients were in the pre-TB group, and 52 were in the post-TB group. Regular follow-up (p < 0.001), younger age (p = 0.002), opportunities for patients to undergo examinations, opportunities for patients to receive neurological treatment (p < 0.001), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor usage (p = 0.041) were significantly higher in the post-TB group. The radial relationship around the axis of TSC coordinators may be the key to interdisciplinary management of TSC.
Administration of hydrogen-rich water prevents vascular aging of the aorta in LDL receptor-deficient mice
Authors: Iketani Masumi , Sekimoto Kanako , Igarashi Tsutomu , Takahashi Mayumi , Komatsu Masaki , Sakane Iwao , Takahashi Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Hideo , Ohtani-Kaneko Ritsuko , Ohsawa Ikuroh
Published: November 2018

The main cause of arteriosclerosis is atherosclerosis in the aorta. Atherosclerosis is recognized as a chronic inflammatory condition that begins with the dysfunction or activation of arterial endothelium. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and especially its oxidized form play a key role in endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. Recent studies showed that senescent cells are involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis, and eliminating senescent cells suppresses the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. We previously reported that molecular hydrogen-rich water (HW) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in numerous diseases. Here, we used LDL receptor-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 13 weeks as a model for atherosclerosis and evaluated the effects of continuous administration of HW. The numbers of endothelial cells in the atheroma expressing the senescence factors p16INK4a and p21 decreased in HFD-fed mice given HW compared with HFD-fed mice given control water. Furthermore, macrophage infiltration and Tnfα expression in the atheroma were also suppressed. These results suggest that vascular aging can be suppressed by HW.
Nucleation and growth of TiAl3 intermetallic phase in diffusion bonded Ti/Al Metal Intermetallic Laminate
Authors: Thiyaneshwaran N. , Sivaprasad K. , Ravisankar B.
Published: November 2018

A novel nucleation and growth phenomenon for TiAl3 intermetallic phase in Ti/Al diffusion couple is proposed based on diffusion kinetics. The interdiffusion and intrinsic diffusion co-efficients are calculated to make evident of dominant diffusion of Al towards Ti in Ti/Al diffusion couple obtained by solid state diffusion bonding. It was surprising to observe that the diffusion rate of Al was around 20 times higher than Ti with the formation of Kirkendall pores near the Al/TiAl3 interface. With such dominant diffusion of Al towards Ti, the nucleation and growth of TiAl3 intermetallic phase in Ti/Al couple happens mainly at the Ti/TiAl3 interface rather than Al/TiAl3 interface which is evident by the presence of very fine nearly nano-sized TiAl3 nuclei/grains near the Ti/TiAl3 interface. Even though the intermetallic phase is expected to nucleate at Al/TiAl3 interface, the relatively larger TiAl3 grains near that interface depicts grain growth with minimal nucleation. The theoretical calculations on diffusion parameters are in accordance with experimental observations of TiAl3 intermetallic growth phenomenon in Ti/Al system.
A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe based on a BODIPY derivative for Cu2+ detection in aqueous solution
Authors: Shu Tingting , Yang Zhihui , Cen Zhiting , Deng Xuankai , Deng Yun , Dong Changzhi , Yu Yanhua
Published: November 2018

A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe based on a BODIPY derivative was designed and synthesized, and it showed excellent selectivity and high sensitivity for Cu2+ in aqueous solutions.
Chemometrics-assisted HPLC-DAD as a rapid and interference-free strategy for simultaneous determination of 17 polyphenols in raw propolis
Authors: Liu Qian , Wu Hai-Long , Liu Zhi , Xiao Rong , Wang Tong , Hu Yong , Ding Yu-Jie , Yu Ru-Qin
Published: November 2018

A methodology for simultaneously measuring seventeen polyphenols in six Chinese raw propolis samples by using chemometrics-assisted high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed and validated.
Correction: A gold isocyanide complex with a pendant carboxy group: orthogonal molecular arrangements and hypsochromically shifted luminescent mechanochromism
Authors: Seki Tomohiro , Kobayashi Koh , Mashimo Takaki , Ito Hajime
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘A gold isocyanide complex with a pendant carboxy group: orthogonal molecular arrangements and hypsochromically shifted luminescent mechanochromism’ by Tomohiro Seki et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 11136–11139.
Correction: A ratiometric fluorescent probe for peroxynitrite prepared by de novo synthesis and its application in assessing the mitochondrial oxidative stress status in cells and in vivo
Authors: Zhou Dong-Ye , Li Yongfei , Jiang Wen-Li , Tian Yang , Fei Junjie , Li Chun-Yan
Published: November 2018

Correction for ‘A ratiometric fluorescent probe for peroxynitrite prepared by de novo synthesis and its application in assessing the mitochondrial oxidative stress status in cells and in vivo’ by Dong-Ye Zhou et al., Chem. Commun., 2018, 54, 11590–11593.
Effects of ball-milling treatment on physicochemical properties and solid base activity of hexagonal boron nitrides
Authors: Namba Shoichiro , Takagaki Atsushi , Jimura Keiko , Hayashi Shigenobu , Kikuchi Ryuji , Ted Oyama S.
Published: November 2018

Hexagonal boron nitride solid base catalysts were prepared by simple ball-milling at various rotation speeds of a commercial low-surface area boron nitride.
A comparative analysis of hydrosilative amide reduction catalyzed by first-row transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) N-phosphinoamidinate complexes
Authors: Macaulay Casper M. , Ogawa Takahiko , McDonald Robert , Sydora Orson L. , Stradiotto Mark , Turculet Laura
Published: November 2018

Screening reveals (PN)Ni(x) pre-catalysts to be effective for the hydrosilative reduction of amides under mild conditions.
Redox-state dependent activation of silanes and ammonia with reverse polarity (PCcarbeneP)Ni complexes: electrophilic vs. nucleophilic carbenes
Authors: LaPierre Etienne A. , Piers Warren E. , Gendy Chris
Published: November 2018

A rigidified PCalkylP ligand allowed for the synthesis and characterization of cationic and radical PCCarbeneP nickel complexes in which the carbene anchor of the pincer framework is electrophilic rather than nucleophilic.
Synthesis of nanoporous Mo:BiVO4 thin film photoanodes using the ultrasonic spray technique for visible-light water splitting
Authors: Mali Sawanta S. , Park Gwang Ryeol , Kim Hyungjin , Kim Hyun Hoon , Patil Jyoti V. , Hong Chang Kook
Published: November 2018

The use of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) scheelite structures for converting solar energy into fuels and chemicals for fast growth in lab to industrial scale for large-area modules is a key challenge for further development.
A fluorescent pillarene coordination polymer
Authors: Wu Ming-Xue , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: November 2018

A fluorescent pillarene-based coordination polymer was constructed from dicarboxylic acid-functionalized copillar[5]arene and Cr3+, for sensing of Fe3+, acetone, and nitrophenols.
Facile generation of carbon quantum dots in MIL-53(Fe) particles as localized electron acceptors for enhancing their photocatalytic Cr(vi) reduction
Authors: Lin Rongbin , Li Shumin , Wang Jingyun , Xu Jiapeng , Xu Chunhui , Wang Jin , Li Chunxia , Li Zhengquan
Published: November 2018

Carbon quantum dots are generated in MIL-53(Fe) pores, serving as localized electron acceptors for enhancing their activity for Cr(vi) reduction.
Synthesis and application of aminophenyl-s-triazine derivatives as potential flame retardants in the modification of epoxy resins
Authors: Wu Haiyang , Hu Rong , Zeng Birong , Yang Li , Chen Ting , Zheng Wei , Liu Xinyu , Luo Weiang , Dai Lizong
Published: November 2018

Novel DOPO-substituted aminophenyl-s-triazine (TAT-DOPO) compounds with controllable P/N element ratio were synthesized and applied as flame retardants for epoxy resins.
Poly(styrene)-supported N-heterocyclic carbene coordinated iron chloride as a catalyst for delayed polyurethane polymerization
Authors: Noh Hyeon-Jun , Sadhasivam T. , Jung Do-Sung , Lee Keundeuk , Han Mingu , Kim Ju-Young , Jung Ho-Young
Published: November 2018

The Im–FeCl3 catalyst supported by CMPS can control the reaction rate (delaying the curing process) in PUR polymerization.
Design, synthesis, and bioactivity evaluation of antitumor sorafenib analogues
Authors: Zhou Shiyang , Chen Guangying
Published: November 2018

Malignant tumors are a serious threat to human health and are generally treated with chemical therapy.
Liquid crystalline droplets in aqueous environments: electrostatic effects
Authors: Dubtsov Alexander V. , Pasechnik Sergey V. , Shmeliova Dina V. , Saidgaziev Ayvr Sh. , Gongadze Ekaterina , Iglič Aleš , Kralj Samo
Published: November 2018

A spontaneous bipolar-to-radial structural transition within nematic microdroplets is found with systematical changes of electrostatic properties of both liquid crystal mixtures and aqueous environments.
Transition metal dichalcogenide quantum dots: synthesis, photoluminescence and biological applications
Authors: Cao Xuanyu , Ding Caiping , Zhang Cuiling , Gu Wei , Yan Yinghan , Shi Xinhao , Xian Yuezhong
Published: November 2018

We introduce the synthesis strategy, photoluminescence features and biological applications of TMD QDs.
Vocal Biomarkers of Mild-to-Moderate Hearing Loss in Children and Adults: Voiceless Sibilants
Authors: Pittman Andrea L. , Daliri Ayoub , Meadows Lauren
Published: November 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine if an objective measure of speech production could serve as a vocal biomarker for the effects of high-frequency hearing loss on speech perception. It was hypothesized that production of voiceless sibilants is governed sufficiently by auditory feedback that high-frequency hearing loss results in subtle but significant shifts in the spectral characteristics of these sibilants.

Method

Sibilant production was examined in individuals with mild to moderately severe congenital (22 children; 8–17 years old) and acquired (23 adults; 55–80 years old) hearing losses. Measures of hearing level (pure-tone average thresholds at 4 and 8 kHz), speech perception (detection of nonsense words within sentences), and speech production (spectral center of gravity [COG] for /s/ and /ʃ/) were obtained in unaided and aided conditions.

Results

For both children and adults, detection of nonsense words increased significantly as hearing thresholds improved. Spectral COG for /ʃ/ was unaffected by hearing loss in both listening conditions, whereas the spectral COG for /s/ significantly decreased as high-frequency hearing loss increased. The distance in spectral COG between /s/ and /ʃ/ decreased significantly with increasing hearing level. COG distance significantly predicted nonsense-word detection in children but not in adults.

Conclusions

At least one aspect of speech production (voiceless sibilants) is measurably affected by high-frequency hearing loss and is related to speech perception in children. Speech production did not predict speech perception in adults, suggesting a more complex relationship between auditory feedback and feedforward mechanisms with age. Even so, these results suggest that this vocal biomarker may be useful for identifying the presence of high-frequency hearing loss in adults and children and for predicting the impact of hearing loss in children.
Regularity and stability of coupled plate equations with indirect structural or Kelvin-Voigt damping
Authors: Han Zhong-Jie , Liu Zhuangyi
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the regularity and stability of the semigroup associated with a system of coupled plate equations is considered. Indirect structural or Kelvin-Voigt damping is imposed, i.e., only one equation is directly damped by one of these two damping. By the frequency domain method, we show that the associated semigroup of the system with indirect structural damping is analytic and exponentially stable. However, with the much stronger indirect Kelvin-Voigt damping, we prove that, by the asymptotic spectral analysis, the semigroup is even not differentiable. The exponential stability is still maintained. Finally, some numerical simulations of eigenvalues of the corresponding one-dimensional systems are also given.
Analysis of atmospheric circulation condition during severe thunderstorms in Yakutia in 2009-2016
Authors: Tarabukina Lena , Kononova Nina , Kozlov Vladimir , Innokentiev Dmitriy
Published: November 2018

The days with large number of lightning discharges in Yakutia and its central part were associated with atmospheric circulation types classified by method of B.L. Dzerdzeevskii. The daily lightning number was obtained by three lightning location systems detecting radiopulses of very low frequency radiated by lightning discharges. The days with intense thunderstorms were selected by the 0.7 level of maximum lightning number in summer season, and the days of minimum lightning activity were selected by 0.3 level of maximum. The elementary circulation mechanisms (ECM) were revealed for severe thunderstorms in Yakutia: ECM 8a, 8dw, 9a, 12a of north meridional circulation group, ECM 13s of south meridional circulation, ECM 2b of zonal circulation and ECM 3 of the disturbace of zonal circulation. Generally, the intense thunderstorms were associated with cyclones of southern outlets of Far East summer monsoon and outlets moving from southwestern.
Common features of gamma-radiation increase at different stations from Arctic to mid-latitudes
Authors: Balabin Yury , Gvozdevsky Boris , Germanenko Alexey , Mikhalko Evgeny , Maurchev Evgeny , Shchur Leonid
Published: November 2018

Background gamma-radiation (20-400 KeV) monitoring in the near-surface layer of the atmosphere has been carried out by Polar Geophysical Institute (PGI) for many years. This radiation originates in the atmosphere by cosmic rays. In propagation through the atmosphere, the flux of soft radiation experiences variations which are induced by various processes in the atmosphere. A unique and extensive database has been collected on the level of the soft gamma-radiation occurring in 2009-2017. Measurements are made with the help of similar detectors developed at PGI. All the stations observe the event which was for the first time discovered by the authors: gamma-background increase at precipitation. These increases are not related to any radionuclides in precipitation. Increases are observed only in the electromagnetic component originating in the atmosphere from cosmic rays. The complex analysis of the data collected has shown that the characteristics of the events (such as amplitude, duration, the count-rate, a total energy) have clear differences through the seasons at each station. The analysis of the events shows that variations of the background gamma-radiation can be used to study some atmospheric processes in the lower atmosphere.
Analysis of Whistlers Registration Data Obtained by Ssan System on Subauroral Station in Yakutsk
Authors: Karimov Rustam , Mochalov Vladimir , Mochalova Anastasia , Tarabukina Lena , Argunov Vyacheslav , Gotovcev Mikhail
Published: November 2018

Since from November 2017 to August 2018, synchronous registration of atmospherics and whistlers at the radiophysical station “Oibenkyol”, began in the operational mode within the network SSAN/VLF (“Sensor signal analysis network/Very low frequency”). The classification and the characteristics of the registered whistlers are carried out. The correlation analysis of the number of the whistlers registered by the SSAN/VLF with the number of lightning registered by the WWLLN is used to determine the location of lightning sources of whistlers in the opposite hemisphere in the magnetoconjugate point at South of Australia. Thus, the SSAN/VLF make possible the distance monitoring of the dynamics of the various geophysical processes changes. The large number of registered nose whistlers allow performing the statistical analysis of processes occurring in the magnetosphere’ plasma.
Line broadening of SO2 and CO2 volcanic activity gases in the Earth’s atmosphere
Authors: Dudaryonok Anna S. , Lavrentieva Nina N. , Lavrentiev Nikolai A.
Published: November 2018

Calculations of the CO2-broadening coefficients of sulfur oxide lines by the semi-empirical method [Mol. Phys. 102 (2004) 1653] and averaged energy difference method [Atmosph. Ocean. Optics 28 (2015) 403] are presented. In this work, 41 lines are considered, the rotational quantum number J varies from 14 to 51. Calculations of the line widths are carried out for room temperature (296 K), and also for the temperature range typical for the Ears atmosphere. There is good agreement with the literature data. The carbon dioxide lines broadening coefficients induced by nitrogen, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at room temperature (T = 296 K) are obtained for a wide range of the rotational quantum number J (up to 100). The temperature exponents are calculated for every line widths. The calculations were performed by a semi-empirical method, based on the semiclassical impact theory of line broadening and modified by introducing additional correction factor whose parameters can be determined by fitting the broadening or shifting coefficients to the experimental data.
Regular reversals in the six-jet geodynamo model
Authors: Feshchenko Liubov
Published: November 2018

A low-mode geodynamo model is developed, controlled by 6-jet convection in the core of the Earth. The model contains only four modes, representing the fields of temperature, velocity, and two fields of magnetic induction. The magnetic modes was chosen by combining eight magnetic modes of free decay. There are two noise components in the model. In the model, stable regimes of generation of a magnetic field with reversals having a regular character were obtained. These reversals do not cause changes in the convection structure.
Research dynamic modes of stick-slip effect with the account of hereditarity
Authors: Parovik Roman
Published: November 2018

In study with the help of the spectrum of maximal Lyapunov exponents, dynamic regimes of the stick-slip effect were studied with allowance effect of hereditarity. Spectrum of the Lyapunov exponents were constructed using the Wolff algorithm with Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization depending on the values of the control parametersfriction and adhesion coefficients, as well as fractional index values, which determine the heredity of the dynamical system under consideration. The existence of an area of positive values of the maximum Lyapunov exponents is shown, which indicates the presence of chaotic regimes. Oscillograms and phase trajectories are constructed.
Electromagnetic-Deformation Response of the Crust
Authors: Uvarov Vladimir
Published: November 2018

The analysis of mechanic-electromagnetic effects of the Earth’s crust made it possible to distinguish the relation of rock induced polarization with its deformation. On the basis of these relations, their generalized description is made. It is shown that, although the Earth’s crust is an energy-saturated structure in a critical state, but owing to electromagnetic properties, it is not a medium in which electromagnetic oscillations can be generated in the low-frequency region. At the same time, the Earth’s crust is favourable environment for the occurrences of seismo-acoustic oscillations. It is shown that the mechanisms of mechanic-electromagnetic transformations of the crust generate electromagnetic waves accompanying seismic-acoustic disturbances. Examples of these waves manifestations in electric currents and in electromagnetic radiation are given.
The use of the empirical mode decomposition method to clean and restavration acoustic emission signal
Authors: Senkevich Yury
Published: November 2018

The results of the study of the possibility of using the empirical mode decomposition method for cleaning geoacoustic emission signals from various types of noise are presented. It is shown that the application of the method allows to increase the ratio of the signal noise 3-6 dB depending on the ratio of signal dispersion and noise in the input signal. The examples demonstrate the ability to remove trends and harmonic interference, as well as the ability to highlight a useful signal when masking its powerful noise. A comparative evaluation of the method in relation to the low-frequency filtration is carried out. The limitation of the method applicability in the case of processing of pulse signals asymmetric with respect to its average value is indicated.
Preliminary research on adaptability of municipalities in the sub-basin of Nysa Kłodzka using multidimensional comparative analysis
Authors: Dumieński Grzegorz , Mruklik Agnieszka , Tiukało Andrzej , Lisowska Alicja
Published: November 2018

The aim of this article is to present a preliminary assessment of the adaptability of Polish municipalities to the flood hazard. In the conducted studies municipalities were understood not only as basic local government units in Poland, but also as social-ecological systems. The study covered 18 municipalities situated in the sub-basin of Nysa Kłodzka. This region has suffered from numerous floods in the past, and adverse consequences in the form of material losses as well as in human victims let us acknowledge this part of Poland to be one of the most threatened by floods. The analyses used data available in the public domain (mainly from the Statistics Poland database; Polish abbr. GUS) as well as obtained using the questionnaire created for this purpose. The preliminary studies on adaptability of the municipalities in the area of the sub-basin of Nysa Kłodzka have been conducted using the data form the period of 2010-2016. The starting point for conducting a multidimensional comparative analysis, and at the same time the selection of 110 gained diagnostic variables describing 18 determinants of SES adaptability to flood hazard was the identification of 2 main factors determining SES’ adaptability (its adaptive potential and adaptive capacity), and 4 categories of determinants of its adaptability (human capital and social potential, financial potential, ecological potential and organizational potential). The initial selection of the diagnostic variables was made using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The proposed logic of aggregation and selection of these variables can be adapted for the adaptability studies on other territorial units and for study on their adaptability to different kinds of threats.
Analysis of the effectiveness of the systems protecting against the impact of water damming in the river on the increase of groundwater level on the example of the Malczyce dam
Authors: Głogowski Arkadiusz , Chalfen Mieczysław
Published: November 2018

The aim of the article is to determine to what extent individual elements of the project protecting the village of Rzeczyca and adjacent areas against flooding after the planned damming up of water in the Odra on the Malczyce dam. The assessment of the impact of damming on the nearby towns was made using a mathematical model based on a two-dimensional and non-stationary version of the Boussinesq equation and the finite element method (FEM). In the simulations, the proprietary FIZ software was used for calculating water flow and chemical pollution in a porous medium. Four computer simulations were carried out, modelling the flow of groundwater in the left-bank Odra valley. The first simulation was run in pre-towering conditions, the second one included water damming without additional safeguards, the third one with a watertight membrane and the fourth one with a membrane and a drainage channel.
Modeling of water flows through a designed dry dam using the HEC-RAS program
Authors: Gruss Łukasz , Głowski Robert , Wiatkowski Mirosław
Published: November 2018

In the designing water reservoirs, information on flood control it’s necessary to make the right technical decisions related to the safe use of reservoirs, human life and the natural environment in the areas below the reservoirs.The hydrological data of a given river profile (stages and discharges) is important for the planning, hydraulic modeling of the reservoir and its exploitation. In the last years of the twentieth and twenty-first century in Central Europe, many floods of different intensity and extent have occurred on the Odra River and its tributaries. Therefore, the increasing extreme natural phenomena, like a violent floods and long droughts, mean that the importance of hydrotechnical constructions increases. One of the planned investments, which is to minimize the effects of the flood by collecting a flood wave on the Osobłoga River is the dry dam named Racławice Śląskie. According to Polish law, model researches are required for the 1st and 2nd class of hydrotechnical constructions. Considering research models, not only physical models are used, but also hydroinformatic programs for the numeric model, like HEC-RAS. These programs enable modeling based on hydrometric measurements of rivers. The aim of the work is to model the discharges using the HEC-RAS program after analysis of the hydrological data. Analyzes and modeling were made of the planned reservoir – the dry dam across the Osobłoga River, Racławice Śląskie profil in the Opolskie Province, in Poland.
A gap filling method for active surface heat balance structure
Authors: Leśny Jacek , Panfil Monika
Published: November 2018

The paper describes gap filling procedures for active surface heat balance structure data recorded for fields of rape, maize, spring and winter wheat and an apple orchard. The balance components were determined based on the Bowen ratio requiring direct measurements of net radiation, soil heat flux, temperature and water vapour pressure profiles. The latter is used to determine vertical gradients and the Bowen ratio, with sensible and latent heat fluxes calculated from the heat balance equation. Missing data are filled in from regression dependencies between individual balance components at various measurement sites. The regression data set comprised results recorded over 24 h, before the gap in measurements and after 24 h. Multiple regressions were determined from a 48-h measurement set. Regression was applied to establish missing values of net radiation (Rn), soil heat flux (G) and latent heat (LE), while sensible heat was calculated from the active surface heat balance equation. Relatively the greatest differences were found for latent heat and soil fluxes, with both estimated values deviating by 13% from the measured daily average, for net radiation the relative difference was 10% and for sensible heat – 6%. This method successfully filled gaps in measured heat balance data from April to September.
The impact of chamber transparency on estimation of peatland net ecosystem exchange
Authors: Stróżecki Marcin , Rastogi Anshu , Juszczak Radosław
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this work was to quantify the variation of chamber transparency over the period of one month of measurements and its impact on estimates of peatland net ecosystem exchange. The automated transparent closed (non-steady-state) chambers are widely used for quantifying net carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes exchanged between different canopies and the atmosphere. However, it is known that the transparency of the chamber, and hence the amount of radiation reaching the surface, is changing over time and depends on several factors, such as solar angle, obstacles, and cleanness of the chamber surface which is exposed to the environmental conditions. The objective of this research work was to determine if the material from which the measuring chamber is made maintains constant parameters for reduction of incoming radiation in the form of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) inside the chamber. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that during the specific atmospheric conditions, the average transparency of the measuring chamber of the automatic chamber system can drop even up to 20%. If not considered, it may lead to incorrect estimation of net ecosystem exchange (NEE). In case of our experiment, non-corrected NEE flux rates were five times higher than the same fluxes after corrections. For this reason, it is important to apply correction coefficients, which allow the selection of the appropriate value for PPFD during the NEE modelling process.
Experimental studies of hole drilling operations in stress-strain workpiecematerial
Authors: Kuts Vadim V. , Razumov Mikhail S. , Byshkin Aleksandr S.
Published: November 2018

Drilling holes is one of the most common operations in the part production. Consequently, increasing the efficiency of this process is an urgent task. To improve the efficiency of the drilling process, the South- West University developed a method of drilling for pre-stressed and prestrained workpiece material, which requires a sample to be subjected to elastic strain under load not exceeding the proportionality limit of the workpiece material. That is, when the load is removed, the dimensions of the workpiece remain unchanged. The paper presents the experimental device designed to determine the axial force and torque when drilling holes in the stress-strain workpiece material. Multi-factor experiments were carried out to obtain empirical dependences of the axial force and torque arising in drilling holes in the stress-strain workpiecematerial on the process parameters.
Buckling of a composite bar made of a functional-gradient material with an inhomogeneous pre-stress field
Authors: Eremeev Vadim V. , Ivashchenko Denis V.
Published: November 2018

Within the 3D nonlinear elasticity we discuss the linear instability of a composite bar made of a functially graded material and having initial stresses. The bar consists of two layers which are inflated for a annular wedge of a circular cylinder. We present the linearized boundary0value problem and obtain its non-trivial solutions. The influence of the material inhomogeneity and the initial stresses are discussed.
Optimization of the flat stock cutting process by hydroabrasive jet
Authors: Tamarkin Mikhail A. , Butenko Victor I. , Isaev Albert N. , Murugova Elena V.
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on the key results of hydroabrasive flat stock cutting research. The forming process is described and its theoretical investigation is presented. The theoretical dependence for the roughness determination of the surface cut is set. Experimental results of the process investigation confirming their theoretical adequacy are put forward. The next steps of process optimization within the framework of modern production are allocated.
Experimental study of reclining the cultivator’s paws on spring racks
Authors: Buryanov Alexey I. , Ignatenko Vitaliy I. , Ignatenko Ivan V. , Vyalikov Ivan L.
Published: November 2018

The article describes the results of experimental determination of the trajectories of the toe of cultivator paws on spring racks of three types: light, medium and heavy. The trajectory was determined by loading on the test bench. It is established that the trajectories are non-linear in nature, and elastic displacements lead to the deepening of the toe of the paw, which violates the established depth of stroke. The loading ranges of the racks are defined, under which the deepening does not exceed the limits of agroadmission. The greatest recession was noted in middle racks, the smallest in heavy racks. It was concluded that it is necessary to monitor the recess of the toe of the feet mounted on the spring post.
Design controler of the quasi-time optimization approach for stabilizing and trajectory tracking of inverted pendulum
Authors: Chiem Nguyen Xuan , Phan Hai Nguyen
Published: November 2018

This article describes the method of stabilizing and tracking the trajectory of the inverted pendulum with the quasi-time optimization approach. The controller proposed in this paper is not only to stabilize the inverted pendulum in a vertical position but also to cause the inverted pendulum to follow a predetermined reference signal even when there is an interference effect. The focus of this project is the design of a quasi-time control law based on the quasi-time optimization approach and Lyapunov stability theory. The simulation and experimental results suggest that the proposed controller controls the inverted pendulum balance and cart position stability which are better than the LQR method even when there is an external disturbance effect.
Contact models verification by the finite element model updating method based on the calculation of the sensitivity coefficient
Authors: Zhulev Vladimir , Kuts Michail
Published: November 2018

Vibrations, occurring in the cutting process, have significant effect on the accuracy of machined parts. Approaches, based on simplified simulation of parts and units, doesn’t lead to reliable results in dynamic behavior simulation, because they suppose the ideal smoothness of contact surfaces. Detailed simulation of contact layer requires large computational costs and is difficult to perform for most of calculations in mechanical engineering. In this regard, an approach to model the contact layer as a third body with zero thickness, which parameters depends from many factors, particularly from contact pressure, is the most widespread. The experimental method based on the identification of the contact layer is considered in this paper, using the example of a free-fixed beam. The algorithm for determining the stiffness element in the contact layer is based on the sensitivity coefficients calculation. As verification of the method, a comparison was made with the theoretical stiffness model in the contact layer. It’s investigated rigidity function in the region, depending on the natural frequency of the specify with different tightening forces. The obtained data can be used to correctly model the contact layer for dynamic problems.