bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Convective Variabilities Leading to Different Pathways of Convective Self-Aggregation in Two Cloud-Resolving Models
Authors: Huang Jin-De , Hung Ching-Shu , Wu Chien-Ming , Miura Hiroaki
Published: May 2023

Convective variability is used to diagnose different pathways toward convective self-aggregation (CSA) in radiative–convective equilibrium simulations with two cloud-resolving models, SCALE and VVM. The results show that convection undergoes gradual growth in SCALE and fast transition in VVM, which is associated with different mechanisms between the two models. In SCALE, strong radiative cooling associated with a dry environment drives the circulation from the dry region, and the dry environment results from strong subsidence and insufficient surface flux supply. The circulation driven by the radiative cooling then pushes convection aggregating, which is the dry-radiation pathway. In VVM, CSA develops due to the rapid strengthening of circulation driven by convective systems in the moist region, which is the convection-upscaling pathway. The different pathways of CSA development can be attributed to the upscale process of convective structures identified by the cloud size spectrum. The upscaling of large-size convective systems can enhance circulation from the moist region in VVM. In SCALE, the infrequent appearance of large convective systems is insufficient to generate circulation, as compensating subsidence can occur within the moist region even in the absence of convective systems. This study shows that the convective variabilities between models can lead to different pathways of CSA, and mechanism-denial experiments also support our analyses.
Sexual abuse of children – some recommendations from a forensic gynaecologist's expert experience
Authors: Habek Dubravko
Published: May 2023

Prompt and better primary examination of victims accompanied by meticulous note-taking in cases of suspected child sexual abuse are needed to improve both conviction rates and to avoid inappropriate criminal investigations and proceedings. The majority of child sexual abuse victims are female. More training is needed for gyaecologists in this field.
A Study of Near-Death Experience in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: N Sai Sameera , P Aishwarya Lakshmi , B Sangeetha Lakshmi , R Ram , V Siva Kumar
Published: May 2023

Background

The near-death experiences (NDE) in dialysis patients of our country have not been previously studied. The objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of NDEs in patients on dialysis.

Materials and Methods

We performed a cross sectional study of the adult patients of chronic kidney disease stage 5 without dialysis and on dialysis who survived cardiac arrest by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as per ACLS (Advanced Cardiac Life Support) guidelines and who sustained pulseless ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation and received CPR and/or direct cardioversion. We used two scales, Greyson’s NDE scale and Ring’s Weighted Core Experience Index (WCEI).

Results

We performed the study between 2016 and 2018. A total of 29 patients were included. The data based on Greyson’s NDE scale and Ring’s Weighted Core Experience Index (WCEI)were collected.

Conclusions

Our study brings a perspective of NDE in CKD and dialysis patients. A similar study of NDE in dialysis patients should be considered by other nephrologists.
Motivated Social Affordance Judgments of Humor Styles
Authors: Brown Mitch , Holt Dalton
Published: May 2023

Despite the ingratiating function of humor, not all humor is created equal. Individual differences in humor styles may inform perceptions of whether prospective group members afford affiliative opportunities, with affiliative humor being regarded as especially beneficial. In this research, we tasked participants with evaluating social targets espousing different humor styles to identify these targets’ abilities satisfy and impede both affiliative and social goals (Study 1) while determining if individual differences in these motives foster heightened preferences (Study 2). Affiliative and self-enhancing humor afforded the most affiliative and self-protection opportunities, whereas aggressive humor afforded more threats. Additionally, higher need to belong heightened preferences for affiliative humor. Results provide evidence for assortative sociality in the identification of optimum group members based on humor displays.
On Theological Aporias
Authors: Thiel John E.
Published: May 2023

Modern theology has attended explicitly to issues concerning method, that is, how theological authors creatively offer interpretations that advance disciplinary knowledge. This article explores the role of aporias—logical impasses—in theological interpretation. After considering two philosophical paths for negotiating the aporia in the work of Nicholas Rescher and Jacques Derrida, it applies these interpretive paradigms to what it calls the central Christian aporia. It argues that mindfulness about the role of aporias in theological method enhances appreciation for the complexity of theological hermeneutics.
Motivation and Life Circumstances Affecting Living Habits Prior to Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery- An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Blomquist Karin , Wennerholm Carina , Berterö Carina , Sandström Per , Björnsson Bergthor , Drott Jenny
Published: May 2023

The aim was to explore the patient’s experiences to get insights into their living habits prior to gastrointestinal cancer surgery. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach was used. Six in-depth interviews with participants recruited from a hospital in southeast Sweden. The IPA analysis identified 3 themes: The influence of the cancer diagnosis on awareness and motivation, Life circumstances affecting living habits, and Activities bringing mental strength. The participants expressed their motivation level and circumstances in life. Various types of activities and support promoted physical and mental health. Motivation level and circumstances in life both influence living habits. Various kinds of activities and support promote patients’ physical and mental health. Nurses need to investigate patients’ experiences when developing person-centered support to achieve health-promoting behavior prior to cancer surgery.
Airborne Pollution: A Potential Risk Factor for Multiple Sclerosis in Colder Climates
Authors: Chalmers Nicola , St-Hilaire Sophie
Published: May 2023

Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology, which affects approximately 450 of every 100 000 women in the USA. Using an ecological observational study design and publicly available data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the USA, we assessed trends in county-level, age-adjusted female MS mortality rates between 1999 and 2006 to determine if they were correlated with environmental factors, including the county’s PM2.5. In counties with colder winters, there was a significant positive association between the average PM2.5 index and the MS mortality rate, after controlling for the county’s UV index and median household income. This relationship was not apparent in counties with warmer winters. We also found that colder counties had higher MS mortality rates, even after controlling for the UV and PM2.5 indices. The findings from this study provide county-level evidence for a temperature-dependent association between PM2.5 pollution and MS mortality rates, which should be further investigated.
A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Post-Pandemic Acceptability of Pharmacist-Delivered Telehealth Services Among HCV-HIV Patients
Authors: Mayaka Rachel K. , Awuonda Mary K. , Ettienne Earl , Daftary Monika , Wingate La’Marcus , Unonu Jacqueise
Published: May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic enhanced the use of telehealth as a means of delivering services to patients who required continued and uninterrupted care. This helped to reduce readmission to hospitals where COVID-19 hospitalization was prioritized. Patients with HCV and HIV and other chronic diseases require this type of care. This study evaluated the post-pandemic acceptability of pharmacist-delivered telehealth services among HCV and HIV monoinfected and coinfected patients in Washington DC. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a community pharmacy setting in Washington DC whose primary outcome was the acceptability of pharmacist-delivered telehealth services through a proposed platform(docsink). A validated questionnaire, borrowed from the literature was used to determine telehealth acceptability, measured as behavioral intention, among patients who receive care from this pharmacy. The study recruited 100 participants. Descriptive statistics were conducted as well as bivariable and multivariable analyses to assess predictors of telehealth acceptability. In the unadjusted model, PU/EM (OR 0.571, 95% confidence interval (0.45-0.73), P < .0001)), PEOU(OR 0.72, 95% confidence interval (0.61-0.85)) and IM(OR 0.733, 95% confidence interval (0.62-0.87), P = .0003)) were significant predictors of behavioral intention. Overall, the study found that lower Perceived Usefulness/Extrinsic Motivation scores decrease the odds of intending to use pharmacist-delivered telehealth (OR = 0.490, 95% confidence interval (0.29-0.83), P = .008). This study determined that the impact of perceived usefulness and extrinsic motivation was critical to the acceptance of pharmacist-delivered telehealth among a predominantly Black/African American study population.
Polyphony of form and ideas in the works of Milan Kundera
Authors: Novák Radomil
Published: May 2023

This article explores the influence of music on the composition of Milan Kundera’s novels, focusing particularly on how polyphonic thought influences his most recent published novel The Festival of Insignificance. This text exemplifies Kundera’s use of the principles of fugue – a form in which each voice, though independent and equal in status to the other voices, forms an integral part of a complete entity and helps to make meanings. The novel demonstrates an experimental thought process that opens up space for dialogue both within the text and outside it. In general terms, the principle of polyphony in literature is connected with the idea that nothing in the world is entirely unambiguous. It rests on the principle of plurality: there exists no single truth, no single viewpoint or perspective, so any thought or idea always exists in counterpoint with another thought or idea. However, the fact that we can hear more voices does not objectivize or relativize the meaning of a text; instead it creates a genuine polyphony of voices, each of which has equal status, which can exist in various relationships to each other, without any individual voice ever representing the definitive truth. This article also seeks to demonstrate how the polyphonic principle is a phenomenon existing on the boundary-line between music and literature; to do so, it draws on the concept of intermediality. From this perspective, polyphony can be viewed as an intermedia phenomenon, positioned at a point between intermedia reference (in the form of imitation) and transmedialization.
An uncanny dialogue: Lev Shestov’s philosophy as the ‘great art’ of not seeing and Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic investigations of the unconscious mind
Authors: Ogden Marina G.
Published: May 2023

Having become known as one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century, Lev Shestov (1866–1938) advanced his pioneering ideas in parallel to Freud’s development of psychoanalysis. Originating in his earlier works, his views of philosophy as art and the corresponding idea of the possibility of a fundamental, inner and creative transformation of one’s worldview found its further expression in his mature writings, in which his insight into the nature of other thinkers’ creativity took on a definitively active role in his philosophy. With the focus on the notion of the transformative capability of thought in Shestov’s writing and based on my archival research and translations, in this article, I explore the Kyiv-born philosopher’s ideas in dialogue with Freud’s psychoanalytical theory and in the context of the postmodern view of reality as a symbolical and multifaceted representation.
Playing Spent!: FGWC Experiences of Poverty Simulation Games
Authors: Layth Heather-Ann
Published: May 2023

First-generation and working-class (FGWC) students bring a different set of life experiences to the classroom than students of privilege. As an instructor from an FGWC background, I use the poverty simulation game Spent! to make economic stratification understandable to students who have led lives of economic privilege and bring FGWC representation to the classroom in a way that honors their unique cultural capital. Despite a tendency toward consciousness raising for students of privilege, poverty simulation can still be a liberatory learning exercise for FGWC students when the cultural capital they bring to the classroom from their lived experience is valued and honored during the activity rather than objectified and subordinated. During the activity, as privileged students express shock at the realities of living paycheck to paycheck, FGWC students confidently share their situated knowledge of poverty. Building on prior assessments of the value of simulation games in the classroom, this article expands this knowledge by specifically looking at the experiences of FGWC students in addition to their more privileged peers in the context of Spent!
From Inclusive to Equitable Pedagogy: How to Design Course Assignments and Learning Activities That Address Structural Inequalities
Authors: Estefan Michel , Selbin Jesse Cordes , Macdonald Sarah
Published: May 2023

Current approaches to building inclusive classrooms for first-generation and working-class students tend to emphasize communicative strategies: receiving students with welcoming messages that acknowledge and value their life experience and promoting a growth mindset. These methods are important, but they do little to address structural sources of exclusion, such as academic inequities and disadvantages in resources like time. Communicative strategies alone secure inclusion without equity. Equity, however, involves teaching and learning activities that promote fair treatment and access at a structural level in order to offer students a concrete path to classroom success. In this article, we develop a framework for designing assignments and learning activities that addresses the type of structural barriers that most affect first-generation, working-class, and racially minoritized students. We identify three distinct types of structural disadvantages—academic inequities, resource disadvantages, and cultural discrimination—and propose three strategies for equitable design: deliberative interdependence, transformative translation, and proactive engagement. We illustrate each strategy with concrete teaching methods. We conclude by suggesting that only a transformative, comprehensive shift to equity mindedness is capable of doing justice to the increasing diversity of college classrooms.
Ketones Production by Catalytic Pyrolysis of Cellulose Using Iron-Modified Ni-Co Composite Catalyst: Products Distribution, Behaviour and Bio-oil Characteristics
Authors: Jia Yong , Lei Jianqi
Published: May 2023

In this work, the iron-modified Ni-Co composite catalyst was synthesized, and its catalytic effect on product distribution, behaviour and liquid characteristics was deeply studied. The result showed that the synthesized catalyst significantly improved the pyrolysis behaviour of cellulose, and the decomposition of cellulose occurred earlier. The highest yield of liquid product was 56.79wt%, which was obtained by adding the NCF-6 catalyst. The optimal ratio of catalyst in the sample was 5%, and the optimal pyrolysis temperature was 530°C. The characteristics of liquid product showed the introduction of the synthesized catalyst enhanced the decomposition of anhydrosugars and significantly promoted the generation of ketones in the liquid. The highest content of ketones in the liquid was 25.12%. Further analysis showed that the selectivity of 2(5H)-Furanone in the liquid component was strongest. These works provided an effective way to produce ketone-rich bio-oil from biomass.
Pressures From Media Coverage: Evidence on Managing Earnings Toward Earnings Guidance
Authors: Cedergren Matthew , Luo Ting , Xiao Xing , Yu Jianqiao
Published: May 2023

This study investigates whether media attention pressures managers to live up to market expectations. Using a comprehensive dataset of media coverage on U.S. public firms, we find that media coverage pressures, rather than deters, managers to manipulate reported earnings to reduce management forecast errors, and the effect is mainly driven by the media’s information dissemination role rather than its information creation role. In addition, we show that the association is stronger when firms face higher litigation risk, when managers have higher reputational concerns, and when corporate governance is weaker. Our findings provide new insights into a potentially negative effect of media coverage in the capital markets.
Breaking Light on Economic Divide: How Elementary School Teachers Locate Class Inequality in Teaching and Schools
Authors: Sonu Debbie , Zaino Karen
Published: May 2023

Background/Context:

Macro-analyses have documented the raced and classed consequences of rampant economic inequality in schools and society. However, in educational research, there remain clear gaps in understanding how schoolteachers, especially those working with children, locate the appearances of economic inequality in their teaching and how they make sense of the social conditions that create such disparities.

Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study:

Key to understanding how economic inequality matters in the classroom is acknowledging teachers as critical to disrupting classist relations, cultivating critical awareness, and advocating on behalf of and in solidarity with those who face the brunt of ongoing systems of racial capitalism and coloniality. Equally critical is how the role of teaching can challenge the neoliberal belief that market principles are the best and only way to shape the impending future. To that end, the purpose of this project was to analyze the process of elementary school teachers in New York City as they materialize a more robust understanding of class formation as a part of lived experience and to advance new possibilities for harnessing the teaching of economics as a means toward racial and social justice.

Research Design:

As part of this larger project, we asked 57 New York City teachers in grades 1–5 to share responses to Likert and open-ended questions, and analyzed a subset of data along two primary lines of inquiry: In what ways does social class appear in your classroom? Describe a moment in your classroom or school when social class mattered. Through a constructivist grounded analysis, we surfaced four overlapping locations: (1) disparities in material possessions and access among students; (2) tensions between teachers, parents, and families; (3) inequalities built into school-based structures and practices; and (4) teachers’ own subjective histories with social class.

Conclusions/Recommendations:

Given the dearth of scholarship in this area, particularly at the elementary level, we argue for greater attention to the experiences of teachers as they work within institutions marred by racial capitalist society. Elementary school teachers are keenly aware of how material infrastructures and the extraction of value in and through education present grave inequalities for their students and families. They express genuine interest in deepening their understanding of economic inequality and for spaces to explore ways in which they can respond to the everyday events they shared in this study.
Between autonomy and subordination: The micro-production mechanism of professional roles in a Chinese street social workstation
Authors: Zhang Yujie
Published: May 2023

Based on the dilemma social workers face at the grassroots level in a street social workstation, this article discusses the micro-production mechanism of their professional role in China. Along with the life cycle of the social workstation, three different sets of camouflage schemes have been formed, namely, isomorphism, polymorphism, and heterogeneous isomorphism, to avoid identity crises and continue the survival logic. This study argues that the social workstation can not only be viewed as outsourcing of government social functions but rather bring the possibility of using social work methods as national governance techniques. The camouflage practice of social workers is an important manifestation of the penetration of national governance into society through the flexibility of social organizations. This new form of social work professional practice means that social workers have gradually evolved into stewards of government management, posing challenges to their professional roles and leading to more complex individual actions.
Genetic, vascular and amyloid components of cerebral blood flow in a preclinical population
Authors: Padrela Beatriz E , Lorenzini Luigi , Collij Lyduine E , García David Vállez , Coomans Emma , Ingala Silvia , Tomassen Jori , Deckers Quinten , Shekari Mahnaz , Geus Eco JC de , van de Giessen Elsmarieke , Kate Mara ten , Visser Pieter Jelle , Barkhof Frederik , Petr Jan , Braber Anouk den , Mutsaerts Henk JMM
Published: May 2023

Aging-related cognitive decline can be accelerated by a combination of genetic factors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunction, and amyloid-β burden. Whereas cerebral blood flow (CBF) has been studied as a potential early biomarker of cognitive decline, its normal variability in healthy elderly is less known. In this study, we investigated the contribution of genetic, vascular, and amyloid-β components of CBF in a cognitively unimpaired (CU) population of monozygotic older twins. We included 134 participants who underwent arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI and [18F]flutemetamol amyloid-PET imaging at baseline and after a four-year follow-up. Generalized estimating equations were used to investigate the associations of amyloid burden and white matter hyperintensities with CBF. We showed that, in CU individuals, CBF: 1) has a genetic component, as within-pair similarities in CBF values were moderate and significant (ICC > 0.40); 2) is negatively associated with cerebrovascular damage; and 3) is positively associated with the interaction between cardiovascular risk scores and early amyloid-β burden, which may reflect a vascular compensatory response of CBF to early amyloid-β accumulation. These findings encourage future studies to account for multiple interactions with CBF in disease trajectory analyses.
Uncertainty in the drylands: Rethinking in/formal insurance from pastoral East Africa
Authors: Johnson Leigh , Shariff Mohamed Tahira , Scoones Ian , Taye Masresha
Published: May 2023

Amidst climatic and economic volatility, agricultural development and climate adaptation policies have increasingly turned to weather microinsurance to manage uncertainties, particularly in dryland pastoral and agricultural settings. While the political embrace of insurance has been cause for concern amongst those who fear insurance will undermine embedded coping mechanisms and moral economies, economists have puzzled over low insurance adoption rates amongst target populations. This article argues for an approach that scrutinizes insurance in relation to dynamic social practices and norms for responding to uncertainty. We employ this approach to investigate pastoralists’ encounters with index-based livestock insurance in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia. Drawing on interview, ethnographic, and survey data, we demonstrate how insurance is understood within larger moral economies and collective imaginaries for living with and managing uncertainty in the drylands. Relational understandings shape pastoralists’ participation in risk-sharing arrangements, collective and individual decisions about livestock insurance purchase, and eventual uses of insurance payouts. Payouts also support a broad array of social reproductive purposes and investments in social and political life. As we conclude, these findings upset the binary between formal and informal insurance, revealing how “formal” index insurance must be negotiated with embedded social affiliations, rights, obligations, and understandings of uncertainty.
Can COVID-19 pandemic surveillance reduce nosocomial urinary infections in urologic surgery?
Authors: Serretta Vincenzo , Mannone Piero , Baiamonte Davide , Armenio Angelo , Lamartina Marcello , Scalici Giuseppe , Simonato Alchiede
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Since COVID-19 pandemic spread, strict preventive measures were adopted to reduce the risk of transmission. Antiseptic dispensers for hand hygiene were diffusely available for patients and hospital staff. To investigate the prophylactic role played by the strict antiseptic rules adopted during pandemic, the rates of nosocomial urinary infections in 2019 and 2020 were compared.

Materials and methods:

Patients’ clinical pre-operative characteristics, symptoms, fever, and laboratory data were recorded pre- and post-operatively. Urological surgery was classified in five categories: 1. major surgery 2. upper urinary tract endoscopy, 3. lower urinary tract endoscopy, 4. minor surgery, and 5. Nephrostomy and ureteral stenting. Clavien-Dindo complication score was used. Statistical analysis was performed with R 3.4.2 software.

Results:

Out of 495 patients, 383 (57.1%) underwent surgical intervention in pre-pandemic March–May 2019 period and 212 (42.9%) in the same pandemic 2020 interval. Preoperatively, 40 (14.1%) and 11 (5.2%) and 77 (27.3%) and 37 (17.5%) patients had fever ( p < 0.003) and leukocytosis ( p < 0.02), in 2019 and 2020 respectively. Urine culture was positive in 29 (10.2%) and 13 (6.2%) patients respectively ( p = 0.22). Post-operatively, 54 (19.1%) and 22 (10.4%) patients and 17 (6.1%) and 2 (0.6%) patients showed fever ( p < 0.003) and positive urineculture ( p < 0.03), in 2019 and 2020 respectively.

Discussion and conclusion:

Preoperative and post-operative clinical and laboratory signs of nosocomial urinary infection showed a statistically significant lower incidence during the pandemic period in 2020. This observation could be ascribed to the strong preventive measures, to the medical staff high adherence to hygiene and the diffuse availability of hand sanitizers.
Who is healthier? A meta-analysis of the relations between the HEXACO personality domains and health outcomes
Authors: Pletzer Jan Luca , Thielmann Isabel , Zettler Ingo
Published: May 2023

Researchers and practitioners have long been interested in the relations of basic personality domains with health. Whereas previous meta-analyses have focused on the Big Five traits, we provide the first meta-analysis of the relations between the HEXACO domains, as assessed by HEXACO Personality Inventories, and various health outcomes ( k = 276, N = 92,319). In general, relations of the HEXACO domains were strongest with mental health, followed by health behavior, whereas relations with physical health outcomes were weak and largely non-significant. All HEXACO domains were significantly linked to mental health and health behavior outcomes. Extraversion exhibited the strongest correlation with mental health ([Formula: see text] = .48), whereas Honesty-Humility ([Formula: see text] = .31), Agreeableness versus Anger ([Formula: see text] = .25), and Conscientiousness ([Formula: see text] = .31) were most predictive of health behavior. Physical health was only significantly associated with Emotionality ([Formula: see text] = −.14) and Conscientiousness ([Formula: see text] = .10). Honesty-Humility explained incremental variance over the Big Five in several health behavior outcomes, whereas it had little incremental validity for mental and physical health outcomes. Finally, comparing the variance that the HEXACO and the Big Five domains explained in specific health outcomes demonstrated that each personality model occasionally exhibited superior criterion-related validity. Hence, the choice of the more useful personality model could be outcome-dependent.
Integrating Street Views, Satellite Imageries and Remote Sensing Data Into Economics and the Social Sciences
Authors: Wang Guan-Yuan
Published: May 2023

Street views, satellite imageries and remote sensing data have been integrated into a wide spectrum of topics in the social sciences. Computer vision methods not only help analysts and policymakers make better decisions and produce more effective solutions but they also enable models to achieve more precise predictions and greater interpretability. In this paper, we review the growing literature applying such methods to economic issues and the social sciences, in which social scientists employ deep learning approaches to utilise image data to retrieve additional information. Typically, image data produce better results than traditional approaches and can provide detailed results and helpful insights to improve society and people’s well-being.
Barriers to academic collaboration with industry and community: Individual and organisational factors
Authors: Karlsdottir Verena , Torfason Magnus Thor , Edvardsson Ingi Runar , Heijstra Thamar Melanie
Published: May 2023

This article presents findings on factors hindering academic employees from becoming involved in collaboration activities. Based on survey data, we map out perceived barriers to collaboration whereby five categories emerge: teaching obligations, partner (dis)interest, partners’ resources, academic freedom, and university resources. By means of multiple regression analysis, we examine the extent to which individual, intra-, and inter-organisational factors explain these perceived barriers to collaboration. The study was carried out in Iceland, where university objectives are still heavily based on teaching activities, and few entrepreneurial activities take place in academia. Our results reveal that age and academic disciplines play a main role in the perceptions of academics regarding barriers to collaboration, especially when it comes to barriers grounded in teaching obligations or university resources. Most perceived barriers are based on the internal level that is lack of resources on behalf of universities. The study, therefore, provides a new perspective relative to earlier findings that have indicated that barriers to collaboration exist mostly at the individual level. We conclude that academic institutions can play a more prominent role in the activation of third mission activities than they have been doing so far.
BTAP dynamic model establishment and influence analysis of marine two-stage herringbone gear transmission system considering cracks
Authors: Hao Dong , Zhen-bin Liu , Xiao-rong Hu Yan , Wen Yan , Yue Bi , Xiao-long Zhao
Published: May 2023

To reveal the influence of cracks on the vibration characteristics of marine two-stage herringbone gear transmission system (TSHBGTS), a 48 degree of freedom bending-torsional-axial-pendular (BTAP) dynamic model of the system was established, which took into account the influence factors such as error, time-varying meshing stiffness (TVMS), torsional stiffness, support stiffness, tooth surface friction, and undercut. In the model, the TVMS of each gear pair in the Two-stage herringbone gear system with cracks was calculated by using the potential energy method, and the TVMS variation rule under different lengths, depths, and angle parameters of cracks was analyzed. The Runge-Kutta numerical integration method was used to solve the problem. The influence of different crack degrees on the vibration of each position of the TSHBGTS was analyzed. The influence of different crack degrees on the vibration response of was tested through tests. The difference in mechanical vibration between the normal gear and cracked gear was analyzed by using the frequency domain diagram and time domain diagram, and the influence mechanism of cracks on vibration characteristics was revealed. The results show that when the gear cracks, the TVMS of the gear decreases, and with the increase of the crack depth and length, the TVMS of the gear pair will gradually decrease. With the increase of crack depth and length, the TVMS of the gear pair is greatly reduced, and there is a periodic impact phenomenon in the time domain response of the system. With the continuous expansion of the crack, the impact phenomenon becomes more and more serious. In the frequency domain response, a modulated sideband centered on the meshing frequency appears. When the crack is generated and the crack degree increases, a small noise frequency is generated near the frequency doubling and increases with the growth of the crack. The correctness of the theoretical analysis model is verified through experiments, and the research results can provide a theoretical basis for the fault diagnosis of the herringbone gear transmission systems with cracks.
Analysis of the vibration characteristics of pin-connected hammer rotor of straw rubbing filament machine
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhai Zhiping , Zhou Qiang , Shi Suchuan , Zhang Xinhai , Lan Yuezheng
Published: May 2023

The finite element method and the 3D laser Doppler measurement technology were used to simulate and test the vibration characteristics of the pin-connected hammer rotor. This was done to determine the critical speeds of the pin-connected hammer rotor of the straw rubbing filament machine and avoid the resonance of the straw rubbing filament machine during operation. The frequencies and mode shapes of the rotor’s first six free modes were determined. The accuracy of the pin-connected hammer rotor finite element model is validated by comparing calculation and test values. On this basis, the prestressed modes of the pin-connected hammer rotor under actual working conditions are calculated. The effect of the hammer swing angles rotating around the pin shaft is investigated, and the critical speeds of the pin-connected hammer rotor are calculated. The results indicate that the rotor has the same mode shapes at 11 kinds of joint swing angles, and the maximum relative error for each order frequency is 0.88%. It can be seen that the hammer-pin swing angles have little effect on the vibrational frequencies and mode shapes of the hammer-pin articulated rotor. Compared to the free modes, the prestressed modes all have an additional torsional mode and consist of two-mode shapes of global and local; the global mode shapes are similar to the free ones except for an additional torsional mode shape, with increased amplitudes and modal frequencies; the local mode shapes mainly occur in cutting knives and hammers. The critical speed range of the rotor of the 9ZR-2.2 straw rubbing filament machine must be 2076.99–2348.32 r/min which is based on ensuring the processing quality of straw. The study provides a reference method for investigating the vibration characteristics of pin-connected hammer rotors. It is also of great practical importance to scientifically predict the critical speed of a pin-connected hammer rotor in order to reduce failure and safety accidents.
Moral framing and the thylacine: A historical example of shifting frames
Authors: Morton Elizabeth , Tsahuridu Eva
Published: May 2023

Accounting, agricultural and financial interests have played a role in the treatment and extinction of many animals throughout the world. This article focuses on the framing and moral loading of the thylacine, or Tasmanian tiger, beginning during the colonial settlement of Tasmania and the related commercial sheep operations through to post the federation of the Australian colonies. In doing so, we reflect on the extinction of the thylacine and the role of financial interests that promoted, or profited from, bounties by using moralisation and framing. Moralisation brings within the moral sphere an activity or object that was considered outside it, thus making behaviours related to such activity or object subject to moral evaluation, praise and blame. Contrasting frames for the thylacine within the agricultural industry are used to chart the thylacine's demoralisation and eventual re-moralisation that occurred, particularly after its extinction, into a symbol of ecological hope. As such, this article offers a narrative of the changing conditions for which the commercial and colonial activities, including policy and resourcing, intertwined with the ultimate extinction of the thylacine.
Incremental Rehearsal for Math Fact Fluency Improvement: An Implementation Guide
Authors: Taylor Annmarie H. , Stebbe Rowe Sarah
Published: May 2023

More research attention and implementation support are needed for mathematics intervention as student achievement in this area continues to fall below desirable levels. Incremental rehearsal is an intervention to help students build reading, vocabulary, and math fluency. Research supports the use of incremental rehearsal for improving math fact fluency. However, this intervention is more complicated than the traditional flashcard intervention. Therefore, an implementation guide is needed to increase its use with students who need to improve math fact fluency. This article will provide step-by-step instructions for implementing incremental rehearsal plus helpful implementation aids such as a chart demonstrating the proper presentation sequence and a treatment integrity checklist.
Masochism, Empathy, and Genderqueer Masculinity in Sherwood Anderson’s “The Man Who Became a Woman”
Authors: Nagy Peter
Published: May 2023

This article draws on queer psychoanalysis to explore links between homoerotic masculinity and heterosexual women under patriarchal manhood. I argue specifically that the genderqueer effects of male masochism—as conceptualized by Carol J. Clover—helps us to understand Sherwood Anderson’s exploration of a male protagonist who identifies with women’s pain so profoundly that he himself transforms into a woman who then experiences what it means to be subjected to male violence and sexual predation from that position. Anderson feels ambivalent about the extent to which this form of genderqueer masculinity is sustainable. It is a position that must be purged for the protagonist to survive, but it is also an experience that stays with him. The analysis then broadens to address the larger implications of the close reading, specifically what it means for a cisgender, heterosexual male author to depict men who see themselves in/as women.
Reliability of Cone Beam Weightbearing Computed Tomography Analysis of Total Ankle Arthroplasty Positioning and Comparison to Weightbearing X-Ray Measurements
Authors: Efrima Ben , Barbero Agustin , Ovadia Joshua E. , Indino Cristian , Maccario Camilla , Usuelli Federico Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

Background:

The current reference standard for postoperative evaluation of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) positioning, weightbearing radiography (WBXR), is subject to technical bias. Weightbearing cone beam computed tomography (WBCT) enables visualization of the foot’s complex 3-dimensional (3D) structure under standing load. To date, no WBCT-based system for TAA positioning has been validated. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess TAA positioning using WBCT 3D models and (2) evaluate the agreement levels between 2 raters and thus evaluate the intermethod reliability with respect to WBXR.

Methods:

Fifty-five consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. Two raters independently created a 3D WBCT model using dedicated software and recorded the following measurements: α angle, tibiotalar surface angle (TSA), hindfoot angle (HFA), tibiotalar ratio (TTR), β angle, γ angle, and Φ angle. Measurements were repeated 2 months apart in similar, independent fashion and compared to WBXR. Interobserver, intraobserver, and intermethod agreements were calculated.

Results:

All 7 measurements showed good to excellent intraobserver and interobserver reliability (ICC 0.85-0.95). The intermethod (WBCT vs WBXR) agreement showed good agreement for the γ angle (ICC 0.79); moderate agreement levels for the α angle, TSA angle, β angle, and TTR (ICC 0.68, 0.69, 0.70, and 0.69, respectively); poor agreement for the HFA (ICC 0.25); and negative agreement for the φ angle (ICC −0.2).

Conclusion:

Position analysis of TAA using WBCT demonstrated good to excellent interobserver and intraobserver agreement and can be reliably used. Additionally, a negative to moderate agreement between standard WBCT and standard WBXR was found.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective study.
Combined use of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib: A review
Authors: Eisinger Casey , Muluneh Benyam
Published: May 2023

Objective

The purpose of this article is to review the pharmacology, safety, evidence for current use, and potential futures uses for combination therapy with pembrolizumab and lenvatinib.

Data Sources

A literature review was carried out through PubMed to identify ongoing trials evaluating use, efficacy, and safety of combination pembrolizumab and lenvatinib. NCCN guidelines were utilized to identify current approved uses in therapy and medication package inserts were used to identify pharmacology and preparation requirements.

Data Summary

A total of five completed clinical trials and two ongoing trials were evaluated for use and safety of pembrolizumab with lenvatinib. Data suggests that combination therapy with pembrolizumab and lenvatinib can be used first line for clear cell renal carcinoma in patients with favorable risk or intermediate/poor risk and in endometrial carcinoma as a preferred second-line regimen for recurrent or metastatic disease for biomarker-directed systemic therapy in non-MSI-H/non-dMMR tumors. This combination may have potential for use in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric cancer.

Conclusions

Use of non-chemotherapy containing regimens spare patients from extended durations of myelosuppression and reduce the risk of infection. Additionally, pembrolizumab with lenvatinib demonstrates efficacy as first line treatment in clear cell renal carcinoma, second line in endometrial carcinoma, and several potential uses on the horizon.
C4d Staining Is Present in Normal Placentas From Pregnancies Prior to Pregnancy Loss Associated With Chronic Histiocytic Intervillositis and Is Reduced by Immunomodulatory Therapy in Subsequent Pregnancies
Authors: Chan Elaine S. , de Koning Lawrence , Yu Weiming , Chadha Rati
Published: May 2023

Introduction:

Chronic histiocytic intervillositis (CHI) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and high recurrence risk. Recent studies suggest that CHI may represent a host-vs-graft rejection, and that C4d immunostain can be used as a marker for complement activation and antibody-mediated rejection in the CHI.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective cohort study focused on 5 fetal autopsy cases associated with CHI (5 index cases) from 5 women. We analyzed placentas from the index cases (fetal autopsy cases associated with CHI) and placentas from the women’s previous and subsequent pregnancies. We assessed the presence and extent of CHI and C4d immunostaining in these placentas. We evaluated each available placenta and graded the severity of CHI as either <50% or ≥50%. Additionally, we conducted C4d immunostaining on one representative section from each placenta and graded the staining levels as follows: 0+ for staining <5%; 1+ for staining between 5% and <25%; 2+ for staining between 25% and <75%; and 3+ for staining ≥75%.

Results:

Three of the 5 women had pregnancies prior to their index cases (fetal autopsy cases associated with CHI). Despite the absence of CHI in their initial pregnancies, the placentas displayed positive C4d staining with grades of 1+, 3+, and 3+, respectively. These results suggest the presence of complement activation and antibody-mediated rejection in placentas from their prior pregnancies without CHI. Three of the 5 women received immunomodulatory therapy after experiencing pregnancy losses associated with CHI. After treatment, 2 of these women had live births at 35 and 37 gestational weeks, respectively, while the third had a stillbirth at 25 gestational weeks. The severity of CHI and the degree of C4d staining in the placentas decreased in all 3 cases following immunomodulatory therapies. Specifically, the level of C4d staining decreased from 3+ to 2+, 2+ to 0+, and 3+ to 1+ in these 3 cases, respectively.

Discussion:

In women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss associated with CHI, C4d immunostaining was present in the placentas from their previous non-CHI pregnancies, suggesting activation of the classical complement pathway and antibody-mediated reaction in their prior non-CHI pregnancies before the development of CHI in subsequent pregnancies. Immunomodulatory therapy may improve pregnancy outcomes by reducing complement activation, as shown by the reduction of C4d immunopositivity in the placentas after immunomodulatory treatment. Although we believe that the study provides valuable insights, we acknowledge that there are limitations to the findings. Therefore, to further elucidate the pathogenesis of CHI, additional research efforts with a collaborative and multidisciplinary approach are necessary.
Association of Psoriasis With Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ger Tzong-Yun , Lien Kuang-Hsu , Chi Ching-Chi
Published: May 2023

Background

The relation between psoriasis and hearing loss has been unclear.

Objective

To investigate the association of psoriasis with hearing loss.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE and Embase on 12th November 2022 for studies on the association between psoriasis and hearing loss. We conducted a random-effects model meta-analysis to calculate pooled mean difference (MD) in the pure tone thresholds, pooled odds ratio for sensorineural hearing loss, and pooled hazard ratio for sudden sensorineural hearing loss related to psoriasis.

Results

We included 12 case-control/cross-sectional and 3 cohort studies with 202,683 subjects. Psoriasis was associated with hearing loss at 500 Hz (pooled MD 2.21, 95% CI (CI) 0.13 to 4.29), 1000 Hz (pooled MD 2.97, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.93), 2000 Hz (pooled MD 5.13, 95% CI 2.45 to 7.82), 4000 Hz (pooled MD 9.3, 95% CI 5.1 to 13.51), and 6000 Hz (pooled MD 11.04, 95% CI 5.05 to 17.03). Patients with psoriasis had increased odds for sensorineural hearing loss (pooled odds ratio 3.85, 95% CI 1.07-13.9) and risk for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (pooled hazard ratio 1.45; 95% CI 1.22-1.71).

Conclusion

Psoriasis is associated with hearing loss, especially at high frequencies.
Electronic consultation: A vision for primary care management
Authors: Baltaro Elizabeth , Henderson Wendy , Batch Bryan C , Fox Lara
Published: May 2023

This article highlights the benefits of electronic-consultations and outlines steps for a primary care-centered approach to implementation. We include descriptions of traditional and electronic-consultation delivery models from the perspective of referring primary care provider. We describe five best practices for consultations regardless of modality, including clearly defined criteria that are best suited for electronic-consultation. Primary care teams must be equipped to explain the electronic-consultation process to the patient, including when and how results will be communicated. A successful electronic-consultation depends on clear questions and communication, flexibility in available data, a set-up that is easy-to-navigate and the ability to nimbly pivot if an alternative modality is needed. Electronic-consultation implementation may begin small with a single consult service and could include broader healthcare systems considerations including financial implications and service agreements. Based on increasing demand and increasing electronic-consultation familiarity and adoption, electronic-consultation will be a future necessity for primary care.