bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global and Regional Prevalence of Domestic Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Determinants: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bidhendi-Yarandi Razieh , Biglarian Akbar , Nosrati Nejad Farhad , Roshanfekr Payam , Behboudi-Gandevani Samira
Published: December 2024

Background

Domestic violence is one of the most significant global public health priorities. This social problem could be accelerated by global catastrophes such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The structural changes due to the imposition of health measures, combined with personal and social problems, may worsen the situation.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the global and regional prevalence of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic and its determinants.

Methods

We will perform a comprehensive review of the literature in PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Cochrane COVID-19 Register, and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, up to July 2024. This review will adhere to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) reporting guidelines. Observational studies will be considered eligible if they have a population-based design, report the number of cases or prevalence of domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic, and report potential determinants. Studies in languages other than English, those with unclear data, case reports, conference proceedings, reviews, and letters will be excluded. To assess the methodological quality, a standardized critical appraisal checklist for studies reporting prevalence data will be used. A robust Bayesian approach will be applied using the STATA software package (version 14; STATA Inc) and JASP 0.19.1 (GNU Affero General Public License [GNU AGPL]) software.

Results

The search and screening for the systematic literature review are anticipated to be finished in October 2024. Data extraction, quality appraisal, and subsequent data synthesis will begin in November 2024. The review is expected to be completed by April 2025, and the study results will be published in 2025.

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta-analysis will address significant gaps in understanding the pandemic’s impact on domestic violence, providing a comprehensive assessment of its prevalence and contributing factors. Despite some limitations, the study incorporates diverse data sources and vulnerable groups to offer a detailed and accurate picture. The findings will inform targeted interventions and policy responses to mitigate the impact of future global crises on domestic violence rates.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42022351634; https://tinyurl.com/yth37jkx

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/60963
Long-term experiences of Healthcare providers using iris scanning as an identification tool in a vaccine trial in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Qualitative study (Preprint)
Authors: Zola Matuvanga Trésor , Paviotti Antea , Bikioli Bolombo Freddy , Lemey Gwen , Larivière Ynke , Salloum Maha , Isekah Osang’ir Bernard , Esanga Emmanuel , Milolo Solange , Matangila Junior , Maketa Vivi , Mitashi Patrick , Van Damme Pierre , Muhindo-Mavoko Hypolite , Van geertruyden Jean-Pierre
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Iris scanning, as a means of human biometric recognition, has been increasingly deployed over the last decade and continues to improve and expand. To better understand the acceptability of this technology, we report the long-term experiences of healthcare provider (HCP) and frontline worker participants with iris scanning as an identification tool in an Ebola vaccine (EBL2007 vaccine trial) trial conducted in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

OBJECTIVE

To document the long-term experiences with iris scanning for identity verification throughout this vaccine trial.

METHODS

Two years after the start of the EBL2007 vaccine trial (February-March 2022), 69 trial participants, comprising of nurses, First Aid Workers, Midwives, and Community Health Workers, were interviewed using focus group discussions. . Thirteen individual in-depth interviews were conducted with physicians partaking in the trial, iris scan operators, trial staff physicians, and trial participants who declined iris scanning. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to identify significant themes.

RESULTS

Interviewees had initially widely accepted the iris scan and viewed this tool as a distinctive means to identify individuals participating in the EBL2007 vaccine trial. However, over time, this perception shifted to become less favourable. Some voiced concern that their vision diminished soon after using the tool, and that this continued until the end of the study. Others reported that the perception of diminished vision started long after the end of the clinical trial. However, no vision impairment had been reported as an adverse event or assessed in the trial as being associated with the use of the iris scan, which employs a previously certified safe infrared light for iris scanning.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings underline the continuous acceptability and perceived high accuracy of the iris scan tool for unique recognition of adult participants in a vaccine trial over time. Continued endeavors to systematically disseminate and reiterate information concerning the functioning and safety of this innovative technology to potential users are imperative. Precise depiction of iris scanning as a harmless procedure could dispel misunderstandings, concerns, and perceived risks among its potential users in a vaccine trial.

CLINICALTRIAL
Be Well Buddy: A feasibility study to explore the use of an AI Chatbot to facilitate access to screening and treatment for substance use disorders (Preprint)
Authors: Bull Sheana , Salyers Adam Jerome , Howell Kevin , Sivasstar Joshva , Harrison Jessica , Wright Tara
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Despite recent declines in opioid deaths in the U.S., there remains an urgent need to facilitate access to resources to help people prevent, screen and treat substance use disorders (SUD). The ubiquity of cell phones and text messaging in the US has facilitated effective interventions for SUD. Emerging technologies using artificial intelligence (AI) to make texting more dynamic and tailored have potential but remain untested. We developed an interactive AI chatbot to raise awareness about SUD and to prompt users to screen and receive referrals for anxiety depression and SUD treatment and pilot tested the system to establish feasibility and usability for using the system with a network of SUD treatment clinics in Texas.

OBJECTIVE

Our objectives were to assess the usability, feasibility and acceptability of using an AI chatbot to convey information about substance use and to use the system to screen for substance use disorder, anxiety and depression.

METHODS

Using the People at the Center for Mobile Application Design (PACMAD) framework to assess usability, we enrolled a convenience sample of people either affiliated with one of the SUD treatment sites or invited by those affiliated to participate. Participants agreed to receive and engage with the AI chatbot via phone-based text messages. We sent push notifications via text several times each day for seven days to engage users in exchanges about SUD and to encourage them to screen for anxiety, depression and SUD. We invited a subset of 13 participants to complete an in-depth interview describing their experience. We documented user satisfaction, perceived appropriateness of messages and system, logged all incoming and outgoing messages, documented any system errors, and documented screenings completed by users.

RESULTS

There were 91 participants enrolled between July and September 2024 and 80% of participants (n=73) initiated at least one communication with the system; of these, 39% completed at least one screener, and 83% of those screening were referred for care. Participants expressed satisfaction with the system and perceived it to be appropriate.

CONCLUSIONS

It is possible to engage users to interact with an AI chatbot focused on SUD. This may offer an opportunity to scale and automate dissemination of critical information on SUD and resources for self-screening that will not reinforce stigma.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable, this was not a clinical trial.
Field Study of Deposit and Erosion Patterns around Pandanus Clusters Driven by Hydrodynamic Waves: A Preliminary Field Investigation
Authors: Nizam  , Benazir  , Ibrahim Muhammad S. I. , Setyandito Oki , Purnomo
Published: December 2024

Coastal zones are inherently dynamic, often resulting in long-term cumulative impacts such as erosion, which can potentially escalate into disasters. Discussions regarding nature-based solutions, particularly the utilization of coastal forests, have gained prominence due to their environ[1]mental benefits. This paper investigates the role of vegetated coasts in mitigating the effects of wave attacks on land, focusing specifically on Coastal Pandanus species. We conducted a systematic monitoring effort to quantify land changes directly around these species in the field. The southern coast of Java, characterized by significant coastal processes, served as the investigation site. We monitored the changes in the foredunes of eight Pandanus clusters identified along a 1 km stretch of the Pandansari and Samas coasts in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Our systematic monitoring, conducted biweekly from September to December 2023, involved precise measurements of land elevation, sediment deposition, and erosion around the Pandanus clusters. We utilized manual leveling surveys and installed erosion pins to enhance the precision of our topographic assessments. These monitoring techniques allowed us to thoroughly examine the relationship between Pandanus cluster characteristics and coastal processes. Our findings illuminate the pivotal role of Pandanus clusters in shaping coastal profiles, which depend on cluster area and growth characteristics. Additionally, we underscore key points regarding their success rates, limitations, and future strengthening efforts through the implementation of this nature-based solution. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between coastal dynamics and vegetative elements, paving the way for informed coastal management strategies in the future.
Plasma Biomarkers of Kidney Health and Mortality in Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease in the REGARDS Study.
Authors: Chen Teresa K. , Estrella Michelle M. , Katz Ronit , Sarnak Mark J. , Grams Morgan E. , Cushman Mary , Levitan Emily B. , Parikh Chirag R. , Kimmel Paul L. , Bonventre Joseph V. , Coca Steven G. , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Ix Joachim H. , Shlipak Michael G.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Several plasma biomarkers of kidney health have been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression in persons with diabetes, but their associations with mortality risk have been largely unexplored.

Methods:

In a random sample of 594 participants with diabetes and creatinine-based eGFR (eGFRcr) <60 ml/min/1.73m2 from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study, Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine hazard ratios of mortality by plasma concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), chitinase 3-like 1 (YKL-40), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1). Covariates included sociodemographic and clinical factors, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and creatinine- and cystatin C-based eGFR (eGFRcr-cys).

Results:

At baseline, mean age was 70 years, 47% were men, 53% self-identified as Black, mean±SD eGFRcr-cys was 41±13 ml/min/1.73m2, and median (IQR) UACR was 32 (9, 224) mg/g. Correlations with eGFRcr-cys were stronger for TNFR1, TNFR2, and suPAR (r=-0.72 to -0.76) than for KIM-1, YKL-40, and MCP-1 (r=-0.10 to -0.40). With a median follow-up of seven years, 332 participants died. In models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors, each SD higher baseline concentration of plasma TNFR1 (HR=1.28; 95% CI: 1.20, 1.38), TNFR2 (HR=1.61; 95% CI: 1.42, 1.82), suPAR (HR=1.33; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.44), KIM-1 (HR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.33), and YKL-40 (HR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.38) was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality, whereas MCP-1 was not. Upon further adjustment for baseline eGFRcr-cys and UACR, only the associations for TNFR1 (HR=1.16; 95%CI: 1.04, 1.29), TNFR2 (HR=1.34; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.60), and suPAR (HR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.36) persisted.

Conclusions:

Among adults with diabetes and CKD, higher plasma TNFR1, TNFR2, and suPAR were associated with all-cause mortality, independent of baseline kidney function.
Connotation and Value: The Images of China through the Works of Chinese-American Writer Maxine Hong Kingston in a Cross-Cultural Context
Authors: Zhang Yaqi
Published: December 2024

The Woman Warrior, China Men and Tripmaster Monkey, three representative works written by contemporary Chinese-American writer Maxine Hong Kingston, are compatible with the historical tradition, value and spiritual pursuit of different culture of China and the United States. These masterpieces have established the author’s status in the American literary world. The author looks at traditional Chinese culture from the perspective of American culture, and at the same time deeply reflects on the conflict and integration of Chinese and American cultures in the Chinese community, and runs her perception and imagination of the two culture through her works. The works portray rich images of China, including the patriarchal society, the magical and spectral society, fictional “utopia” society, which show the survival situation of Chinese-American people, and then trigger the reflection on the construction of images of China in Chinese-American literature.
НЕПРЕРЫВНАЯ НАВИГАЦИЯ ПЕРСОНАЛА ВНУТРИ И СНАРУЖИ ПОМЕЩЕНИЙ
Authors: Старовойтов Е.
Published: December 2024

Предложен способ непрерывной навигации абонента с портативным
носимым устройством типа смартфона или планшета, обеспечивающий
непрерывную навигацию при переходе из зоны устойчивого приема
локальной системы навигации на открытой местности в экранирующее
сооружение с установленной системой Indoor-навигации и обратно.
Перечислены основные технологии аппаратной реализации и примеры
применения Indoor-навигации на форуме «Микроэлектроника 2023»,
показаны направления дальнейшего совершенствования систем
Indoor-навигации.
АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ 6G-СЕТЕЙ. ЧАСТЬ 2
Authors: Макушин М.
Published: December 2024

В предыдущем номере были затронуты вопросы инновационных
тенденций эры 6G, такие как новая архитектура, необходимые технологии
и требующие разрешения проблемы. Во второй части завершается
обзор требующих решения проблем, рассматриваются перспективные
направления исследований в области 6G-сетей, американо-европейская
маршрутная карта развития 6G-сетей и некоторые разработки в этой
области.
ОТ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО АУДИТА К СТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОМУ ПАРТНЕРСТВУ
Authors: Верецкий А.А.
Published: December 2024

Группа компаний «Диполь» уже более трех десятков лет поставляет на российский
рынок различные решения для разработки и производства электроники, включая
контрольно-измерительное, испытательное оборудование, средства производства
микроэлектронных изделий и аппаратуры. «Диполь» предлагает на рынке и собственные разработки в области оборудования, технологических материалов, программного обеспечения (ПО) для управления производством и автоматизации процессов измерений и испытаний. Генеральный директор АО «НПФ «Диполь» Андрей Арсеньевич Верецкий рассказал нам о том, как работает группа компаний после ухода с российского рынка ряда зарубежных производителей оборудования и ПО, в чем заключаются ее основные приоритеты на данный момент, а также ответил
на наши вопросы, касающиеся отдельных перспективных направлений деятельности
ГК «Диполь».
ОСНОВНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ НА ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВУЮ СТРУКТУРУ
Authors: Селин Д.
Published: December 2024

В условиях космического пространства на радиоэлектронную
аппаратуру воздействуют различные негативные факторы,
связанные с ионизирующим излучением естественного и искусственного
происхождения. При проектировании аппаратуры, предназначенной
для работы в тяжелых условиях космоса, необходимо учитывать явления,
возникающие в структуре полупроводниковых компонентов. В статье
описаны эффекты деградации электрических и параметрических
показателей полупроводниковых структур при воздействии
ионизирующего излучения. Приведена классификация обратимых
и необратимых радиационных эффектов. Результатом представленной
работы является теоретическая модель физики взаимодействия
специальных факторов с полупроводниковой структурой.
СОЗДАНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ МИРОВОГО УРОВНЯ В РОССИИ: ПЕРВООЧЕРЕДНЫЕ ЗАДАЧИ, ПРОБЛЕМЫ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: Липкин Е.
Published: December 2024

В условиях серьезных изменений на российском рынке одной
из насущных задач стало создание производств электроники, отвечающих
самым высоким современным требованиям. Предприятия отрасли ведут
поиск решений и разработку концепций, направленных на повышение
эффективности, качества управления и уровня технологического
оснащения своих производств. На выставке ExpoElectronica-2024
в рамках дискуссионной сессии «Путь к технологической независимости
вычислительной техники: что пройдено, что предстоит» генеральный
директор компании «Остек-СМТ» Евгений Липкин выступил с докладом,
в котором рассказал о приоритетах развития отрасли приборостроения
и создании производств, соответствующих мировому уровню по таким
показателям, как операционная эффективность, уровень менеджмента
качества и возможность производства высокотехнологичной продукции
с высокой добавленной стоимостью.
КОНТРАКТНОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО В РОССИИ СЕГОДНЯ: ВЗГЛЯД ИЗНУТРИ
Authors: Комарова О.
Published: December 2024

Последние два года были очень насыщенными для российского
рынка электроники. Контрактники оказались в условиях, когда
динамично растущий спрос потребовал решительных действий,
и те из производителей, кто смог справиться с ситуацией
и адаптироваться к меняющимся условиям, получили уникальные
возможности для внедрения своих технологических решений
и наращивания производственных мощностей. Не последнюю роль
в развитии электронной отрасли играет тенденция на импортозамещение,
которая подталкивает отечественных производителей к расширению
спектра предоставляемых услуг. Сегодня можно реализовывать проекты
такой сложности и объема, о которых сложно было думать еще лет пять
назад. В статье обсуждаются актуальные проблемы и тенденции развития
контрактного производства в России.
Predictive Smart Mobility Systems for Sustainable and Efficient Urban Transportation
Authors: Srilakshmi V. , Agnisha M.
Published: December 2024

Abstract: The rapid urbanization and growth of cities have placed increasing pressure on transportation systems, leading to
traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and inefficiencies in mobility. The Smart Mobility Prediction System (SMPS) is
designed to address these challenges by leveraging advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial
intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and big data analytics to optimize transportation networks. This system gathers realtime data from sensors, traffic cameras, GPS devices, and social media feeds to predict traffic patterns, identify congestion
hotspots, and suggest alternative routes to users. By utilizing predictive analytics, the SMPS can forecast traffic conditions,
demand for public transportation, and the availability of shared mobility options such as ride-hailing and bike-sharing services.
Furthermore, the system can support urban planners and policymakers by providing insights into the performance of
transportation systems, enabling them to make informed decisions regarding infrastructure development and traffic
management. The implementation of the Smart Mobility Prediction System aims to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and
safety of urban transportation networks, contributing to improved quality of life for city dwellers while reducing environmental
impacts.
THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER, GRADE POINT AVERAGE, LEARNING AND FINANCIAL EDUCATION ON SHARIA FINANCIAL LITERACY
Authors: Suriani Suriani , Mardayanti Ulfa
Published: December 2024

The Financial Services Authority (OJK) conducted the 2019 National Survey of Financial Literacy and Inclusion (SNLIK), and the results showed that while conventional financial literacy is at 67.1%, Sharia financial literacy among Indonesian students is still significantly lower at 31.5%. This study looked at how undergraduate students at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Syiah Kuala, in the even semester of the 2022–2023 academic year, perceived their level of Sharia financial literacy about their gender, grade point average (GPA), financial education in postsecondary institutions, and parental financial education. With 97 respondents in total, probability sampling using a straightforward random sample technique was used for primary data. Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that although other variables showed no discernible influence, financial education in higher education had a significant and favorable impact, appearing as the major factor determining Sharia financial literacy. As such, it is advised that teachers incorporate Sharia financial education into their curricula to improve students' comprehension, which may then be reflected in their grade point average. Furthermore, in addition to pupils' learning efforts, parents are encouraged to offer further support in educating their children about Sharia money.
Keywords: Sharia Financial Literacy, Gender, Grade Point Average, Financial Learning, Financial Education.
Vitamin D and HIV: Description and correlation of serum levels with clinical and paraclinical variables
Authors: De armas-Blanco Cindy Paola , Infante-Fernández Heitmar Santiago , Dueñas Zulma , Pérez Carlos
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Vitamin D (VD) has many extra-skeletal functions, such as immune regulation. It is important to recognize its role in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The objective of this study was to determine possible correlations between serum VD levels and multiple clinical and paraclinical variables in HIV-infected patients in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out on 161 HIV-infected patients in the city of Bogotá. VD levels were analyzed in relation to anthropometric classification of nutritional status, clinical and metabolic profile. Results: It was found a prevalence of low VD levels of 60.87%. Statistically significant correlations were detected between VD and the time of sun exposure reported by the patient and the type of antiretroviral therapy. In addition, using a linear regression model, it was found that the use of 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors + 1 integrase inhibitor correlates with hypovitaminosis, even with adequate time of sun exposure. No associations were found with age, sex, race, co morbidities, immune, or metabolic profile. Discussion: Although the pathophysiology of VD deficiency is multifactorial, low VD levels should be considered among the possible adverse effects of antiretro viral therapy and should be included in the usual follow-up of these patients.
Rabies control program in Colombia: A One Health assessment
Authors: Restrepo-Botero Daniela , Soler-Tovar Diego , Ruiz-Sáen Julián , Cediel-Becerra Natalia Margarita
Published: December 2024

Introduction: In Colombia, despite the notable decrease in rabies cases, the primary prevention of the disease remains a challenge, particularly in rural areas where non-vaccinated infected cats are the main transmitters to humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of implementation of One Health in the rabies program in Colombia, through a validated methodology of thirteen criteria. Methods: Structured surveys directed at stakeholders from official sectors such as agriculture, health, environment, private sector and academia were carried out. The results were categorized into high (66%-100%), moderate (34%-65%), and low (0%-33%) scores. Results: The findings highlight the need for more integrated management plans, improved training and workforce awareness on ´One Health´soft skills and enhanced wildlife epidemiological surveillance. Discussion: Overall, these results underscore the importance of greater transdisciplinary and multidisciplinary planning and collaboration, as well as better pooling of resources (human, financial, technical platforms and knowledge) in the rabies program.
Centenarians in Colombia: a population-based cohort study on the impact of COVID 19
Authors: Birchenall-Jiménez Claudia , Amorocho-Barrera José Emilio , Rodríguez-Ortega Laura Marcela , Sanchez-Bolaños Erika , Jimémez-Barbosa Wilson Giovanni , Riascos-Ochoa Javier
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This study examines the impact of COVID 19 on the centenarian population in Colombia, highlighting their vulnerability through a detailed demographic analysis. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study (March 2020 - December 2022) analysed 1,005 affected centenarians. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests,  and Kaplan Meier survival curves were used. Results: Of these, 65.47% were females; the mortality rate was 37.1%, which was higher in males (45.24%). The average time from symptom onset to recovery  was 26.56 days, and the average time to mortality was 14.33 days. The Kaplan Meier curve showed greater survival in females (p=0.0001); the age specific curve  showed no significant differences (p=0.084). Centenarians were concentrated in municipalities in special categories 1 and 6. Discussion: This study revealed increased mortality among male centenarians, emphasizing the need for extended follow-up due to the prolonged recovery time.
A Case study on MGNREGA and social security in Tamil Nadu's Krishnagiri district, India
Authors: B. Jayakumar  , S. Prabakar
Published: December 2024

One  of  the  progressive  and  revolutionary  pieces  of  legislation,  the  National  Rural  work  Grantee  Act  (NREGA)  was  enacted  by  the  Indian  Parliament  in  2005  by  the  UPA  administration  to  guarantee  every  rural  family  a  stable  source  of  income  and  work.  The  Mahatma  Gandhi  Rural  Employment  Guarantee  Act  (MGNREGA)  is  the  new  name  for  it  as  of  2007.  This  right-based  policy  initiative's  main  objective  is  to  guarantee  employment  and  support  village  infrastructure  development  for  the  welfare  of  rural  households.  It  is  also  thought  of  as  a  comprehensive  plan  for  eradicating  rural  poverty  and  advancing  sustainable  growth  of  .MGNREGA  has  been  in  effect  for  nine  years  in  all  623  districts  throughout  the  nation,  however  the  programme  has  not  produced  the  anticipated  or  even  stated  goals.  The  majority  of  assessment  studies  have  shown  that  the  scheme's  poor  execution  is  the  reason  it  is  not  operating  as  intended  at  the  ground  level.  Numerous problems and difficulties arise throughout its execution.  There  are  just  a  few  state,  like  Andhra  Pradesh,  Rajasthan,  and  so  on,  where  programmes  are  being  carried  out  one  after  the  other.  Maharashtra  state  is  a  pioneer  in  MGREGA;  the  EGS  scheme's  inception  forms  the  act's  foundation. The  Employment  Guarantee  Scheme  (EGS)  was  launched  by  the  Maharashtra  state  government  in  1974  and  operated  for  the  whole  year.  Presently,  the  federal  government's  MGNREGA  guidelines  include  the  former  employment  guarantee  programme.  Despite  the  state's  expertise  with  EGS,  the  current  amalgamated  MGNREGA  programme  is  not  operating  well  on  the  ground.  Numerous  problems  arise  throughout  the  implementation  process,  stemming  from  several  variables  including  increased  workload,  selecting  the  appropriate  work  location  and  planning,  a  convoluted  administrative  structure  with  inexperienced  personnel,  payment  delays,  and  a  shortage  of  human  resources.  Using  a  case  study  of  two  villages  in  Tamilnadu,  Krishnagiri  District  area,  Thally  and  Kelamagalam  ,  the  author  has  attempted  to  analyse  these  issues.  The interview  schedule  and  FGD  were  used  to  obtain  data.  This  essay  also  aims  to  demonstrate  how,  if  the  act  is  used  with  zeal  and  dedication,  it  might  aid  in  revitalising  village  resources  in  order  to  meet  the  main  objectives  of  sustainable  development.
Modes of Evocation of the Presence Effect in Literature and Cinema: Theoretical Aspect
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Shulyatyeva Dina V.
Published: December 2024

In the book “Production of Presence. What Meaning Cannot Convey,” H.-U. Gumbrecht defines aesthetic experience as “an oscillation between presence effects and meaning effects,” but presence effects are researched relatively less often in literary and film theory. How is the presence effect produced in literature and cinema? In the article, the author examines both cinematic and fictional “excess” and “lacunae” that participate in the production of the presence effect, as well as other means that shift the focus from the production of meaning to the creation of a bodily, sensually experienced contact. Haptic images are involved in creating such an experience, activating the tactile perception of the reader. In recreating the effect of presence, the speed of representation is also involved: it allows us to simulate the non-mediated contact of the reader with the narrative world. The presence effects in literature and cinema also problematize the mimetic interaction between the reader and the narrative: it is possible to talk about establishing “bodily-mimetic” relations that would characterize the peculiarity of the reader’s experience shaped by the effects of presence.
The Poetics of “The Temple of the Sun”: The Composition Issue
Authors:   Viktor Astafyev Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University, Anisimov Kirill V.
Published: December 2024

In order to perceive the logic of alterations made by Bunin in the composition of his “travel poems” “The Temple of the Sun,” the author of the present paper offers an approach that presumes tracing the shifting borders between the composition blocks followed by the comparison of revealed new localizations and explanation of reasons why all these amendments have been implemented. The analysis relies on the wide range of accessible variants of Bunin’s travelogue. The starting point for the research was a well-known fact: initial 1915 and 1917 redactions contain eight chapters, whereas the 1936 redaction of the Publishing house “Petropolis” comprises eleven, even though the latter is smaller in volume. The primary source for this study is a chapter called “Delta,” which was separated from “older” sketches “The Sea of the Gods” and “Zodiacal Light.” This reorganization seems important for it led to the revision of the whole agenda of Bunin’s meeting with the Orient — the brand-new chapter accentuates a significant episode of the traveler’s parting with familiar realities of “half-European” Turkey and Greece and his penetration into the world that was never seen before. The main observation provided in the article is the definition of “Delta’s” mediating role in both perspectives — as a chapter intervening into a sequence of “older” parts, and the Nile delta itself — as an intermediatory spaсe between a maritime world (“The Sea of the Gods”) and a world of desert on whose verge Cairo is located (“The Light of Zodiac”).
The Fates of Tolstoy Scholars (On the Correspondence of N.K. Gudziy with V.A. Zhdanov and E.E. Zауdenschnur). Article One: War Years (1942–1945)
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frolov Maxim A.
Published: December 2024

Based on previously unknown and for the first time introduced into scientific circulation archival materials, the article presents the history of personal and epistolary communication of three outstanding literary critics and textual critics — N.K. Gudziy, V.A. Zhdanov, and E.E. Zaydenshnur. The published correspondence allows the reader to understand and feel under what conditions and under what sometimes stressful circumstances their titanic scientific work took place, which required maximum concentration, complete dedication, perseverance, unbending will in defending the position, as well as moral and scientific principles. Their many years of activity in the study and preparation for publication of materials of the biography and literary heritage of L.N. Tolstoy are closely connected with the context of events in the political, social, and scientific life of the country, with the context of the ongoing discussions in the press and the scientific community. The dispute about the most significant problems of Tolstoy’s textology, which ultimately led to the rupture of personal relations to the general displeasure and disappointment of correspondents, is also one of the main topics of published materials.
Translating the Melancholy Tone: E.A. Poe and Ch. Baudelaire
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Díaz César Martínez Celis
Published: December 2024

This article addresses the transfer process of the melancholy tone in Ch. Baudelaire’s translation of Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven.” The comparison between both variants of the translation, done respectively in 1853–1854 and 1864, allows us to understand the changes within Baudelaire’s aesthetics. While translating “The Raven,” Baudelaire faces Poe’s idea of a “melancholy tone” as the basis of the poem and its relevance to its general meaning. The article shows how, throughout this process, Baudelaire rebuilds such a melancholy tone by following the structure given by Poe and adding from himself. This endeavor would not only create a new melancholy tone for “The Raven” but also change the way Baudelaire would create the melancholy ambiance in his further works.
Pedagogical Ideas of L. N. Tolstoy and His Correspondence with Russian Women Writers in the 1860s
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gladkova Lyudmila V.
Published: December 2024

The article examines the pedagogical ideas of L. N. Tolstoy manifested in his correspondence with Russian women writers — Marko Vovchok, E. N. Akhmatova, S. I. Snessoreva, and E. I. Raevskaya. The pedagogical journal Yasnaya Polyana, published by Tolstoy in 1862, played a prominent role in popularizing his views on pedagogy and public education. The article analyzes unpublished letters of the writers to Tolstoy concerning the issues of education and children’s literature. It shows the use of foreign children’s books in classes with peasant children. The research demonstrates the influence of Tolstoy’s pedagogical ideas, expressed in the 1860s in the articles of the Yasnaya Polyana journal and the pedagogical work of the writer, on the women writers who devoted themselves to children’s literature, translations from foreign languages of books for children, and the cause of education and enlightenment of the people.
Love and Literary Form: L. N. Tolstoy’s Ideas Recepted by M. O. Gershenzon
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnova Natalia N.
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the influence of L. N. Tolstoy’s thought on the literary and philosophical ideas of M. O. Gershenzon. The development of M. O. Gershenzon’s philosophical search relies on the philosophy of love of L. N. Tolstoy. The research traces the evolution of this search from the 1900s until the 1920s (the period of work on “The Triple Image of Perfection” and the book “Gulfstream”). The article highlights the influence of Tolstoy’s search for a new mode of narration (“without any form”) on literary criticism and humanitarian thought in the first quarter of the 20th century. The author concludes that the evolution of Tolstoy’s thought on the narrative technique influenced many areas of the intellectual culture of the 20th century. Tolstoy’s ideas significantly influenced M. O. Gershenzon, from early responses to the philosophy of love to reflection on the essence of literary form and “cohesion” as the base of the slow reading theory.
Anagogical Level of Russian Classical Literature: Problems of Small and Large Eschatology in the Novel “Brothers Karamazov” by F. M. Dostoyevsky
Authors:   Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Dergacheva Irina V.
Published: December 2024

The new concept of the history of Russian literature presupposes a hermeneutic reading of the texts of classics, allowing us to understand the hidden meanings embedded in them, reflecting the Christian foundation of Russian culture. The need to look at the work of Russian writers of the 19th century as a reflection of a unique discourse of precedent Christian texts poses the need for teachers and lecturers of literature to master additional educational programs on the “Spiritual and Moral Foundations of Russian Literature.” This article provides an analysis of the images of small and large eschatology in the last novel of the Great Pentateuch by F. M. Dostoevsky, reflecting the axiological views of the writer. The research demonstrates that the content of Dostoevsky’s last novel contains the spiritualizing and enlightening power of Christian life-building for the world.
Osmansko sultansko zakonodavstvo u savsko-dravskom Međurječju u 16. stoljeću
Authors: Mujadžević Dino
Published: December 2024

Korpus osmanskog sultanskog zakonodavstva sadrži propise koje su donosili osmanski vladari kao nadopunu šerijatskom pravu u svrhu kodificiranja upravnih, poreznih, financijskih i kazneno-pravnih pitanja na području osmanske države. Propisi ovoga tipa – poznati u historiografiji kao kanuni (qānūn) i kanun-name (qānūn-nāme) – donošeni su za cijelo Osmansko Carstvo, ali su ponekad objavljivani i na regionalnoj osnovi, odnosno za jedan sandžak ili nešto šire područje. Cilj ovakvoga postupanja bila je prilagodba osmanskih načela i pravila upravljanja lokalnom kontekstu na područjima koja su pripojena Osmanskom Carstvu. Zbog toga ovi pravni spomenici predstavljaju izvrstan izvor o upravnim, poreznim i drugim praksama koje su osmanske vlasti zatekle i bile primorane, odnosno željele, inkorporirati u svoj pravni sustav, ali i o prilagodljivosti i pragmatičnosti osmanskog upravno-pravnog sustava, posebno u njegovoj klasičnoj fazi, u 15. i 16. stoljeću. Posebno puno pažnje ovi pravni izvori su posvećivali načinu ubiranja daća za održavanje timarskog sustava i druge izdatke osmanskog poretka. Ovaj rad će analizirati dostupne osmanske kanune i kanun-name za sandžake Požega i Začasna (poznat i kao Pakrac ili Cernik) iz 16. stoljeća, koji su sačuvani kao uvodni dodatci detaljnih porezno-katastarskih popisa, poznatih i kao mufaṣṣal defteri. Za sandžak Požega raspolažemo opširnim kanun-namama iz 1540., 1545. i 1579., dok za sandžak Začasna imamo kraće kanune iz 1565. i 1584. U radu ćemo dati kontekst njihova nastanka, predosmanskih i osmanskih utjecaja koji su vidljivi u njima i naznačiti promjene u osmanskoj upravnoj politici te društveno-ekonomske transformacije na području Slavonije u 16. stoljeću koje je moguće iščitati iz ovakvih dokumenata.
Susceptibility of faba bean variety ‘Merkurʼ to broadbean seed beetle (Bruchus rufimanus) in Latvia
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Gailis Janis , Grase Zane Gita ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Ozolina-Pole Laura ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: December 2024

The broadbean seed beetle (Bruchus rufimanus) is a significant pest of faba bean (Vicia faba) both in Latvia and in many other parts of the world. The objective of this study was to check the susceptibility of the faba bean variety ‘Merkurʼ to the broadbean seed beetle in Latvia, comparing it with other popular varieties: ‘Boxerʼ and ‘Lauraʼ. The trials were conducted in 2021 and 2022 at the Research and Study Farm ‘Peterlaukiʼ in Jelgava County and at a commercial farm in Cēsis County. The larval infestation rate of seeds of different varieties, the survival rate of individuals (larvae, pupae, imagines) in the seeds, as well as the percentage of seeds damaged by the pest in the yield were compared. It was observed that ‘Merkurʼ seeds were significantly less infested than ‘Boxerʼ and ‘Lauraʼ seeds. However, the survival rate of larvae in the seeds of ‘Merkurʼ was similar to that in ‘Lauraʼ seeds and higher than in ‘Boxerʼ seeds. The highest proportion of seeds damaged by the pest was found in the ‘Merkurʼ and ‘Boxerʼ yields, varying between 5–75% between years and trial locations. Therefore, it was concluded that the variety ‘Merkurʼ, evaluated from a practical point of view, does not differ from the other two varieties. Without taking additional plant protection measures, the percentage of seeds damaged by the broadbean seed beetle can significantly exceed the maximum limit (3%) specified in the buyersʼ quality criteria.
Occurrence of fruit and leaf diseases on Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) in Latvia
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jakobija Inta , Bankina Biruta ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Kaņeps Jānis ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: December 2024

Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) is a minor but prospective fruit crop due to the value of fruits and suitability for processing. Research aimed to clarify the incidence of quince leaf and fruit diseases depending on the year and plantation and determine the critical periods of diseases. The study was conducted from 2017 to 2019 in eight commercial Japanese quince plantations across different regions of Latvia. The incidence (%) of leaf and fruit spots and fruit rot was assessed several times during vegetation period. Considerable rot development was observed in only the first year of the study. The incidence of fruit rot in the middle of 2017 ranged from 0.7 to 11.7% depending on the plantation, while in 2018–2019 did not exceed 2% in any of the plantations. The critical period of fruit rot development was determined in the middle of fruit development and time closer to ripeness. Development of fruit spots increased closer to ripeness. In 2017, the incidence of fruit spots fluctuated from 0.7 to 44.0%, in 2018 – 7.7 to 46.0%, and in 2019 – 0.7 to 24.0%, depending on the plantation. The incidence of leaf spots reached high levels at the end of the vegetation periods (21–100% depending on year and plantation). The most critical periods of leaf spot development were the end of fruit development and full ripening of fruits. Determination of the critical periods of quince disease development could be used to create an effective and environmentally friendly disease control system.
8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes–2025
Authors:   American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed Nuha A. , McCoy Rozalina G. , Aleppo Grazia , Balapattabi Kirthikaa , Beverly Elizabeth A. , Briggs Early Kathaleen , Bruemmer Dennis , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Ekhlaspour Laya , Garg Rajesh , Khunti Kamlesh , Kushner Robert F. , Lal Rayhan , Lingvay Ildiko , Matfin Glenn , Pandya Naushira , Pekas Elizabeth J. , Pilla Scott J. , Polsky Sarit , Segal Alissa R. , Seley Jane Jeffrie , Stanton Robert C. , Bannuru Raveendhara R.
Published: December 2024

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, an interprofessional expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
12. Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
Authors:   American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed Nuha A. , McCoy Rozalina G. , Aleppo Grazia , Balapattabi Kirthikaa , Beverly Elizabeth A. , Briggs Early Kathaleen , Bruemmer Dennis , Callaghan Brian C. , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Ekhlaspour Laya , Frykberg Robert G. , Garg Rajesh , Garg Sunir J. , Giurini John M. , Khunti Kamlesh , Lal Rayhan , Lingvay Ildiko , Matfin Glenn , Pandya Naushira , Pekas Elizabeth J. , Pilla Scott J. , Polsky Sarit , Segal Alissa R. , Seley Jane Jeffrie , Stanton Robert C. , Bannuru Raveendhara R.
Published: December 2024

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, an interprofessional expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
15. Management of Diabetes in Pregnancy: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025
Authors:   American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, ElSayed Nuha A. , McCoy Rozalina G. , Aleppo Grazia , Balapattabi Kirthikaa , Beverly Elizabeth A. , Briggs Early Kathaleen , Bruemmer Dennis , Echouffo-Tcheugui Justin B. , Ekhlaspour Laya , Garg Rajesh , Khunti Kamlesh , Lal Rayhan , Lingvay Ildiko , Matfin Glenn , Pandya Naushira , Pekas Elizabeth J. , Pilla Scott J. , Polsky Sarit , Segal Alissa R. , Seley Jane Jeffrie , Stanton Robert C. , Bannuru Raveendhara R.
Published: December 2024

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, an interprofessional expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.