bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CASE REPORT ON PAPILLARY CARCINOMA OF THYROID
Authors: Goud. E Rajesh , Paladugu Malyadri , Billa Manideep. , Kummamuru Prajna
Published: December 2024

Ectopic thyroid tissue represents a unique clinical condition. This condition can present with a wide range of thyroid disorders, including thyroid
malignancy. The presence of thyroid carcinoma within ectopic thyroid tissue is exceptionally uncommon, with a scant number of documented
cases reported in the literature. A 50-year-old man came to our hospital with a painless swelling on the right side of his upper part of neck, which he
had had since childhood but had increased in size in the last 5 months. Upon initial local examination, it was observed that there was swelling
present at levels Ib, II, III on the right lateral part of upper neck. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the neck showed a substantial,
multiloculated cystic solid lesion located in the right lateral upper region of the neck. The patient underwent a comprehensive local excision
procedure. Subsequently, both gross and microscopic examinations were performed, which revealed characteristics suggestive of papillary
carcinoma of the thyroid. Then, the patient underwent a thyroidectomy surgical procedure. Histopathological examination were confirmed to
establish the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in our patient. Following a total thyroidectomy, the patient experienced a remarkable
recovery. Histopathological findings stands as the definitive benchmark for the confirmation of diagnosis. The current prevailing recommendation
treatment for this uncommon condition is surgical removal of the entire thyroid gland. A comprehensive history, meticulous physical examination
and prompt diagnostic investigations are essential to prevent the misdiagnosis of this condition
XANTHOGRANULOMATOSIS - MASQUERADING MALIGNANCY OF THE BREAST RECONSTRUCTED WITH LICAP FLAP
Authors: Ethirajulu Ruthrendhra , Ganesan Srinath , Lakshmikumar Rahul Raj Chennam
Published: December 2024

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women in India, accounting for 26.6% of cases according to GLOBOCAN 2022. As a result,
the presentation of benign breast masses in elderly women poses a diagnostic challenge for oncologists. Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a
benign pathological condition considered to be a primary disease process of unknown etiology. Xanathogranulomatous mastitits affecting the
breast is very rare . Accurate diagnosis is crucial to minimize morbidity by preventing the need for multimodal therapy and to enable cosmetically
acceptable reconstruction after resection when indicated. In our case report, we are presenting an elderly women with a large breast mass who
underwent total mastectomy with LICAP reconstruction
Sello de la colegiata de Santa María del Manzano de Castrojeriz. ¿Una representación de la imagen titular original?
Authors: Araus Luis
Published: December 2024

En este trabajo se presenta la matriz inédita del sello de la antigua colegiata de Santa María del Manzano de Castrojeriz conservada en el Museo de Burgos. Se trata de una de las escasas matrices de sellos eclesiásticos medievales castellanos que han llegado a nuestros días. En ella aparece una representación de la Virgen sedente que posiblemente reproduzca a la primitiva imagen titular de la colegiata.
دمج إنترنت الأشياء(IoT) في أنظمة مراقبة الرياضيين لإدارة الرياضة
Authors:   الجامعة اللبنانيّة، كليّة التربيّة-العمادة، قسم التربيّة البدنية والرياضة، تخصص الإدارة الرياضيّة, الزحلان نابيلا نصر
Published: December 2024

يتناول هذا البحث دمج تقنيات إنترنت الأشياء (IoT) في أنظمة إدارة الرياضة لتعزيز مراقبة الرياضيين وتحسين أدائهم. ومع تزايد الاعتماد على القرارات المستندة إلى البيانات في المجال الرياضي، تتيح أجهزة إنترنت الأشياء، مثل المستشعرات القابلة للارتداء، تتبع المؤشرات الفسيولوجية والبدنية للرياضيين في الوقت الفعلي، بما يشمل معدل ضربات القلب، مستويات الترطيب، والإجهاد
AS POLÍTICAS DE INCLUSÃO NA ERRADICAÇÃO DA DESIGUALDADE DE GÊNERO NO MUNDO DO TRABALHO
Authors: Orbage de Britto Taquary Eneida , Orbage de Britto Taquary Berino Catharina , De Andrade Pessoa Thais Valéria
Published: December 2024

Este artigo pretende investigar os pontos críticos sobre a ausência ou insuficiência de diversidade e inclusão no mundo do trabalho, abordando o papel do Estado na promoção de políticas públicas com o objetivo de concretizar a equidade e outros valores constitucionais nesse âmbito, analisando o papel da mulher sob uma perspectiva de gênero enquanto sujeito no mundo do trabalho. A problemática compreende a análise das adversidades impostas às mulheres para serem inseridas e mantidas no mundo laboral, além das dificuldades para ascender na carreira. As hipóteses se relacionam ao papel sociocultural da mulher no mundo do trabalho, consolidando a igualdade formal perante as normas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais, mas sem índices reveladores de uma igualdade material. A metodologia utilizada envolve revisão da literatura sobre o tema, análise de dispositivos legais e pesquisas realizadas pelo IBGE, analisando o conceito de divisão sexual do trabalho, a fim de demonstrar como a naturalização de características femininas e masculinas impõe à mulher uma dupla jornada extenuante e traz obstáculos à sua carreira. Os resultados esperados se vinculam à necessidade de maior proteção à mulher no mundo do trabalho, bem como ao tratamento paritário na ocupação de cargos, empregos e funções, tanto na esfera pública quanto na privada.
A professional development programme based on biomimicry to improve stem project creativity of science student teachers
Authors: Jituafua Artitaya
Published: December 2024

In Thailand, science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education is being promoted to support science student teachers by conducting projects to extend their learning skills and to turn them into innovators. This study aimed to develop a professional development programme (PDP) based on biomimicry to improve STEM project creation for science student teachers and to evaluate the implementation result of this programme. The 60-hour programme, designed for 29 science student teachers from a teacher training institute in southern Thailand, was collaboratively developed to align with stakeholders’ needs. It comprised four main lessons incorporating biomimicry principles and an eight-step problem-solving approach. The design process included stakeholder input, expert validation, and iterative improvement. The PDP integrated a coaching approach to facilitate problem synthesis and enhance learning outcomes. It underwent multiple stages of design, drafting, and expert validation before finalization. The programme’s effectiveness was evaluated through the creativity of resulting STEM projects using class observations, a creativity evaluation form, and interviews. Data analysis employed content analysis and interpretatiove methods. The implementation resulted in six innovative biomimicry-inspired STEM projects, demonstrating the programme's success in fostering creativity and innovation among future educators. This study contributes to the advancement of STEM education in Thailand by providing a structured approach to developing science student teachers' project creation skills.
ANÁLISE DA FUNÇÃO RESPIRATÓRIA EM ATLETAS PRATICANTES DE CROSSFIT®
Authors: Leal Débora Ruivo , Jesus Raissa Costa de , Ferreira Camila de Morais , Lima Larissa Silva , Bentes Daniela Paula Amaro de Oliveira , Macedo Rafaela Cordeiro de , Boulhosa Fabiano José da Silva , Costa Leonardo Ramos Nicolau da , Santos Renato Caldas dos , Lima Gabriela Martins de
Published: December 2024

A modalidade esportiva Crossfit® é um tipo de treinamento caracterizado pela sua alta intensidade, exercícios variados e funcionais para o praticante, promovendo alterações na função respiratória dos mesmos de acordo com sua capacidade física. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a função respiratória em atletas praticantes de Crossfit®. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo do tipo transversal, com um grupo de praticantes de Crossfit® (n=30), composto por indivíduos de ambos os sexos, que praticam a modalidade regularmente, com idade entre 18 e 40 anos. Os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação da força muscular respiratória por meio das pressões inspiratórias e expiratórias máximas e espirometria para avaliação da capacidade pulmonar, nas condições clínicas de repouso e após a prática. Foi realizada a análise descritiva e estatística dos valores encontrados, sendo considerado uma idade  média de 28,4 anos dos indivíduos, além de um aumento descritivo nas variáveis analisadas após o treino de Crossfit®, sendo significante a relação VEF1/CVF no sexo masculino. Sendo assim, a análise da função respiratória foi capaz de identificar uma diferença na capacidade pulmonar no sexo masculino
Modeling of thunderstorm activity monitoring systems: method and results
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Postrybaylo M.V. , Tatarnikova T.M. ,   Saint-Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
Published: December 2024

The problem of using mathematical modeling to ensure the main characteristics of the projected thunderstorm activity monitoring systems, such as the probability of detection and the accuracy of determining coordinates for the selected work area, is discussed. The aim of the study is to develop a model capable of estimating the probability of detection and the accuracy of determining the coordinates of lightning discharges. A comprehensive model is proposed that allows designing the configuration of a system capable of providing specified characteristics by obtaining model estimates and their sub sequent analysis. The created model of the thunderstorm activity monitoring system consists of two main components: a component for assessing the probability of detecting discharges and a component for assessing the accuracy of location. The model is used to estimate the probability of detection and the accuracy of determining the coordinates of a lightning discharge, various configurations of the taking into account the uncorrelation of measurement errors by an experimental network deployed in St. Petersburg. The work includes the results of modeling monitoring system, the results of which are presented in the form of graphic materials. Each figure shows the results of calculating estimates for various parameters of the system and its individual components. Based on the data obtained, the formation of the working zones of the system was carried out, where the requirements for the accuracy of determining coordinates and the probability of detecting lightning discharges were met. In conclusion, the prospects for the development of the proposed model are discussed, including the possibility of further improving algorithms for finding optimal monitoring system structures. A further study of the dependence of the estimates obtained on the input parameters of the complex model is proposed. The scope of the model covers tasks related to forecasting and analyzing thunderstorm activity, and can also be used to develop new monitoring systems or optimize existing solutions.
Development and analysis of a method for constructing dense information sets for error bursts correction
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Isaeva M.N.
Published: December 2024

In this article the problem of correction of single error bursts by random linear codes is considered. It is supposed that the modification of decoding on information sets for error bursts correction is used, in which the number of information sets linearly depends on the code length. The purpose of this work is to research the possibility of reduction of quantity of information sets at such decoding, and also to offer the procedure for construction of the reduced amount of information sets. In this work the concept of dense information sets with restriction of their diameter is considered. The method of constructing a set of dense information sets after the analysis of quantity of safe positions of the beginning of a burst, guaranteeing correction of any single error bursts of within the correcting ability of a code is offered. Estimation of the number of dense information sets that can be obtained by the proposed method depending on the length and speed of the code, the corrective ability, and the given diameter of dense information sets is considered. The lower bound for the number of such dense information sets is obtained. Experimental estimation of the probability of building a set of dense information sets depending on the code speed and the given diameter is provided. The analysis of the number of dense information sets obtained by the proposed method for the codes lying on the Reiger bound shows that it is possible to increase the diameter of dense information sets at insignificant increase of their number, which gives the probability of building a set of dense information sets in values close to 1. In this case, the reduction of the number of dense information sets in comparison with the initial set without diameter limitation is from tens to hundreds times depending on the code speed. The obtained results will significantly reduce the complexity of error bursts correction by information sets within the corrective capacity of the code in channels with memory.
Machine learning methods in solving the problem of forecasting demand for specific types of goods
Authors:   V. A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vishnevsky V.M. , Leokhin Yu.L. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Fatkhulin T.D. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Zanegin A.V. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics
Published: December 2024

The paper examines the problem of increasing the efficiency of forecasting demand for certain types of goods, taking into account information processes in trade and sales. The aim of the work is to determine the most effective machine learning method for forecasting demand for certain types of goods. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that traditional statistical methods for forecasting demand do not allow for efficient processing of the currently received volumes of information on sales and trade; also, not all machine learning methods for predicting numerical values are suitable for the subject area under consideration. The object of the study is the emerging demand for certain types of goods. The subject of the study is the effectiveness indicators (metrics) of machine learning methods used to forecast demand for certain types of goods. The work discusses methods and algorithms such as linear regression, random forest, various types of gradient boosting, as well as a recurrent neural network and a neural network with long-short-term memory. The root meansquare error, mean absolute error and coefficient of determination were selected as metrics used to evaluate the effectiveness of a particular method during the analysis of the subject area. As a result of the study, the most suitable algorithms for the subject area under consideration were identified, which make it possible to effectively forecast demand for various types of goods. Recommendations are given on possible settings of model parameters that improve their performance. Finally, conclusions are drawn about the applicability of each of the algorithms under consideration and prospects for further research are outlined. The methodological basis of the work consists of the following methods: analysis, matching, comparison, experiment and generalization.
A combinatorial approach to optimizing the placement of irregularly shaped elements on two-dimensional and three-dimensional switching fields with complex topology
Authors:   South-Russian State Polytechnical University (NPI) named after M.I. Platov, Bykovsky N.V. , Harutyunyan R.V. ,   Moscow State Technical University named after N.E.Bauman, Nasedkin A.V. ,   Southern Federal University
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel optimization method for placing non-standard configuration elements on two-dimensional and three-dimensional interconnection fields with complex topologies. A combinatorial analog of the Gauss-Seidel method has been developed, adapted for efficient handling of components with irregular shapes and varying dimensions. The algorithm accounts for specific characteristics of the interconnection field, including the presence of forbidden zones and structural het erogeneity. To increase the probability of finding the global optimum, a multi-start procedure has been applied. A software implementation has been created with modules for placement optimization and result visualization. The approach's effectiveness has been verified on original test problems of the "multidimensional snake" type. Examples for two-dimensional and three-dimensional fields with elements of various sizes and geometric constraints are considered. The results demonstrate the method's adaptability to different placement conditions for nonstandard shaped elements. Quasi-optimal placement with an error of 0.055% was achieved in 1010 iterations, with computation times of 5 minutes for two-dimensional and 10 minutes for three-dimensional problems. The method is applicable in integrated circuit design, electrical equipment layout, and optimization of equipment placement in production systems. Quantitative assessments of the algorithm's efficiency for fields of varying complexity are presented. The implementation features for components with non-trivial geometry and interconnection fields of non-standard topology are analyzed. The advantages of the proposed approach compared to classical optimization methods for placing elements of different sizes are identified. Directions for further research are defined, including adaptation to specific requirements of various application areas and development of parallel computing strategies for large-scale problems with irregularly shaped elements on multidimensional interconnection fields with complex topologies.
An overview of models for contact center resource planning
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Popov V.G. , Stepanov M.S. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics
Published: December 2024

This article provides an in-depth examination of contemporary call handling models used in contact centers, emphasizing their evolution and adaptation to current technological advancements. The study starts with classical models, such as the Erlang models (Erlang B, Erlang C, and Erlang A), which are ground ed in Poisson processes and Markov chains, and highlights their applicability in different contact center scenarios. These models are crucial for evaluating system performance, such as calculating the probability of service denial, waiting times, and the optimal number of agents needed. In addition to these traditional models, the article also explores more advanced approaches that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). These modern techniques are increasingly used for predicting incoming call loads, optimizing resource allocation, and staffing. The inclusion of AI and ML allows for more accurate forecasts of peak periods, better resource management, and improved service levels in a dynamic environment. The article thoroughly considers various unique characteristics of contact centers, such as multichannel communication systems, the segmentation of agents based on skill levels, and the presence of multiple service stages. These factors are essential in creating more sophisticated and realistic models that better reflect the complexities of modern con tact center operations. The primary goal of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of existing models to identify their strengths and weaknesses. The insights gained from this analysis will be instrumental in developing a new set of models tailored to describe modern and future information and referral services more accurately. These new models are expected to offer enhanced capabilities in managing the increasingly complex and technology-driven environments of contact centers.
Development trends regarding communication and synchronization systems of comxlex infrustructure facilities
Authors:   Centre for operation of space ground-based infrastructure, Lokhovin V.A. , Schwartz M.L. ,   Moscow Technical University of communications and Informatics, Ryzhkov A.V. ,   Moscow Technical University of communications and Informatics
Published: December 2024

The article explores the broader aspects of constructing synchronization systems of modern industrial, transport, and energy infrastructure facilities built with extensive use of telecommunications and information technologies. They authors emphasize the excessive dependence on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) as the integral component of the link between the master clock of a remote site and the UTC laboratory. The suggestion is to employ the technology of coherent synchronization systems based on fiber-optic transmission systems as an alternative to GNSS. This will lead to a significant improvement in the stability of synchronization systems and the quality of telecommunication services provided, as a result.
International regional problems of electromagnetic compatibility: results of the symposium EMC Europe-24
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Tikhvinsky V.O. ,   Sevastopol State University
Published: December 2024

The article reviews the latest scientific achievements in the field of electromagnetic compatibility, presented at the international regional symposium on electromagnetic compatibility "EMC Europe 24" by the leading EMC research organizations, European, Asian, African and South American universities, as well as the largest companies, microelectronics manufacturers, automotive and aviation companies. The symposium "EMC Europe" is the leading international regional symposium on electromagnetic compatibility and continues a long tradition of regular international symposiums on EMC, organized in Europe. The symposium considered the following issues: EMC of 5G, 6G networks and the Internet of Things (IoT); standards and rules, EMC management, EMC education; risk-based EMC, electromagnetic immunity; EMC in safety and security applications, in industrial environments and in military applications; Electromagnetic environment, lightning protection, intentional EMF and EMP, high-power electromagnetic interference, electrostatic discharges; wired and wireless communications, UWB, power line communications, spectrum management; automotive, rail, naval, aviation and space systems. The article presents the results of studies on the EMC impact assessment of Wi-Fi device transmitters (RLAN networks) on 5G radio receivers, the application of models developed for the assessment of shielding properties of a wide range of products made of composite materials, the study of characteristics and the development of nonlinearity models of radio frequency amplifiers (RFAs) of the FR1 range of 5G networks for their subsequent application in solving EMC problems of mobile (cellular) radio equipment in complex EMO created in the 4G/5G frequency bands, etc.
High efficiency multi-level GaN FET PWM modulator for VHF digital broadcasting transmitters
Authors:   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics, Grychkin S.E. , Varlamov O.V. ,   Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics
Published: December 2024

The article considers the issues of constructing a highly efficient multilevel GaN FET PWM modulator for VHF digital radio transmitters built using the Envelope Elimination and Restoration (EER) method. The experimental studies of the LMG5200 power module operating at 1 MHz PWM clock frequency confirmed the adequacy of the previously developed analytical model of losses at different supply voltages and duty cycles. The multilevel GaN FET PWM modulator quantization thresholds optimization according to the criterion of minimum average losses for different values σof the envelope amplitudes Rayleigh distribution scale parameter showed that the main gain in reducing the average dissipated power can be achieved using only two supply voltages. A further increase in their number leads to a smaller gain, and the use of more than four supply voltages is impractical due to the disproportionate complication of the circuitry to the achieved result. When using four supply voltages, the average power loss decreases by 3.9...5.5 times depending on the value σof the envelope amplitudes Rayleigh distribution scale parameter. For the most common signals of VHF digital radio broadcasting (DRM+, RAVIS), characterized by the value σ=0.7, the average power loss decreases by 4.7 times. This potentially allows increasing the PWM conversion clock frequency by the same amount, without exceeding the maximum thermal conditions of the used element base. Consideration of the practical implementation principles of the proposed method for increasing the PWM modulator for VHF digital radio broadcasting transmitter's average efficiency showed the possibility of its implementation.
A method of identifying rational solutions for the logistics of construction material supplies for extended major facilities
Authors:   Russian University of Transport, Apattsev V.I. , Zorin V.A. ,   Moscow automobile and road construction state technical university, Sakhapov R.L. ,   Kazan Federal University, Aysina L.R. ,   Russian University of Transport, Nasybullin A.M. ,   Russian University of Transport
Published: December 2024

In the context of implementing large-scale construction and reconstruction projects, it is important to approach the choice of suppliers, as well as the method of transportation, transshipment points and storage warehouses with a reasonable approach. Specific decisions should be based on a thorough analysis of information regarding suppliers, the characteristics of the materials being sold, the capacity of the transshipment infrastructure in the vicinity of the construction site, as well as information about the potential location of temporary auxiliary facilities such as temporary storage yards and marinas. The article presents a method for finding rational solutions, based on which a transport and logistics scheme for the supply of extended construction sites with building materials can be created, taking into account their cost, inventory levels of suppliers and the minimum transportation component of 1 ton of cargo at point of consumption. The proposed solutions could be used to develop a logistics system for the supply chain of construction projects, such as highways and railway lines which don't have stable routes for the supply of mate rials at the construction stage. Classical methods of solving the transport problem cannot be applied in conditions of great variability. Therefore, the solutions proposed in this article are particularly relevant for ranking terms of delivery of various materials (aggregates) from a large number of suppliers. The advantages of the proposed solutions include the ability to perform calculations in any software and computing complex, and the transparency of the description of the calculation methodology allows automating computational processes in any programming language.
Metro Seat Counter Using AI
Authors: - Saurabh Yadav , - Denial Pegu , - Anmol Sharma
Published: December 2024

Introduction of AFC gates and smart cards have reduced the wait time for passengers during travel. Passengers face overcrowding in selective coaches which provides inconvenience to passengers travelling long distances. We propose a facial recognition framework which can determine which coaches are overcrowded and which coaches are empty with the help of the camera fitted inside each coach. This framework can be integrated with the electronic signboards present on the platform
The Effect of Gender and Ethnicity on Selected Topics in Mathematics among Secondary School Students
Authors: Shamsuddin Hasni , Shamsuddin Jazimah , Rabas Azwan Hairi , Abd Talib Nurul Nor Shahda , Ismail Nurul Syazwani , Khairani Ahmad Zamri
Published: December 2024

Mathematics is indispensable in daily activities and is a required subject in the education system. By understanding the possible factors contributing to students’ ability to learn mathematics, paving solutions to overcome the debility is conceivable. This study aims to examine the effect of gender and ethnicity on students’ performance in the topics of Rational Number, Factors and Multiples, and Algebraic Expressions. A total of 181 secondary school students from eight schools (male = 97, female = 84; Malay = 109, Chinese = 44, Indian = 28) were selected as sample of this study. Their response in a nine-item mixed-format mathematics test was thoroughly analysed to provide coherent information on their performance on each topic. Results showed that there was no significant difference in the students' performance based on gender. Yet, Chinese students demonstrated higher mean scores in all topics compared to their Malay and Indian counterparts. This article provides a discussion on the results obtained from the cultural perspective.
Authentic Learning Approach in Science Education
Authors: Baskaran Vijaya Letchumy , Abdullah Norazilawati
Published: December 2024

In this paper, the integration of authentic learning approach in science education have been discussed based on Herrington’s Authentic Learning approach. The nine elements are authentic tasks, authentic activities, expert views, multiple perspectives, collaboration, coaching and scaffolding, reflection, articulation and authentic assessment. These elements are integrated in the Science education to deliver meaningful lessons. In particular, the author had been able to propose a sample lesson plan for Year 6 Science subject. It consists of authentic context, authentic assignments, easily accessible learning sources that are realistic and tangible and freedom for the students to express their views and interpretations. The sample lesson plan is a practical implementation based on the Nine Elements of Authentic Learning Approach by Herrington & Herrington (2006). Together with proposed activities, teachers are able to plan and carry out their Science lessons more effectively with their students in order to produce more meaningful learning process. Authenticity in learning helps students to be more responsible and provide students a learning environment that they can be active learners, since the learning is altered to their profile.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Academic Performance of Bachelor’s Degree Students
Authors: Muhammat Pazil Nur Syuhada , Mahmud Norwaziah , Azman Nur Afifah Nazurah
Published: December 2024

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic that started in Wuhan City, China, in 2020 has left the academic sector in Malaysia a total chaos. The shift from face-to-face class to full implementation of online distance learning (ODL) has brought significant changes in students' academic performance. This research aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on students' academic performance. The study was conducted in UiTM Perlis Branch, and 54 bachelor's degree students from four faculties were invited to participate in this research. Descriptive Statistics were presented as counts and percentages to summarize the collected data. To measure the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on students' academic performance, 5-likert scale was used. The findings revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic had varying degrees of impact on students' academic performance. From an online perspective, almost all students in various faculties and semesters experienced moderate difficulties while participating in online learning sessions, whereas nearly everyone experienced some difficulty in completing online practical lessons. The main challenge or issue for most students in online learning is internet connectivity and lack of concentration and focus in class. Online education could be improved by making it more interactive, allowing students and lecturers to interact, providing concise information, increasing internet speed, and providing students with recorded lectures. This study would mainly benefit students because they can devise ways to improve their learning. On the other hand, this study would also benefit the university because it can help them raise its name as an admirable university. When they learned the problems faced by students, they would find solutions to help their students with their studies. When students' academic performance is good, the level of education in the university could be outstanding.
Prevalence of Math Anxiety among Upper Secondary Students at a Private School in Suburban Kuala Lumpur
Authors: Abd Karim Aishah Hanim , Hajar Mohd Shah Nizam , Tunku Ahmad Tunku Badariah
Published: December 2024

This study examined the prevalence of Math anxiety among upper secondary students at a suburban private school in Kuala Lumpur. It also aimed to establish whether students’ Math anxiety would differ significantly by gender and level of study. The sample comprised 138 Form Four and Form Five students who filled out an online questionnaire containing nine (9) Likert-type statements suggesting fear and discomfort towards various aspects of learning Mathematics. The data were analysed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, means and standard deviations, as well as inferentially using independent samples t-tests. Overall, the study found that less than one-third of the respondents reported experiencing Math anxiety, while the remaining two-thirds did not indicate so or were uncertain. The patterns of responses suggest that most upper form students at the suburban private school are not affected by Math anxiety. The t-test results also produced no statistically significant effects of gender and level of study. Girls reported slightly higher levels of anxiety towards Mathematics than did boys, but the gender difference did not account for any statistical significance, while Form Four and Form Five students had very similar reports of anxiety. The study recommended amending the Likert categories utilized for assessing Math anxiety so that the measure would be a more accurate representation of its prevalence among student groups.
Comparison of the Cognitive Level of the Topic Of Mixed Operations in Mathematics Year 5 Primary Schools in Malaysia and Brunei
Authors: Yacob Rosliza , Rosli Roslinda
Published: December 2024

The reference for teachers, students and even parents is the textbook. It should consist of mathematical tasks that can foster creative thinking skills and student reasoning. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare the cognitive levels of the questions used in the samples and exercises contained in the mathematics textbooks of Malaysia and Brunei. The study involved the title of mixed operations. The process of analyzing the content of such textbooks uses a survey design approach with a quantitative approach to the content of textbooks. Bloom taxonomy and TIMSS 2019 mathematical framework focus on cognitive domains to facilitate the analysis carried out. The findings found that the cognitive level of mixed-operational questions from the year five math textbook of Brunei Darussalam was lower than that of textbooks used in Malaysia. The percentage of questions involving problem-solving in Brunei textbooks for the topic was only 16.3% compared to Malaysian textbooks at 44.5%. Visual illustrations can also help students to facilitate the students' understanding. The percentage of pictorial questions in year five math textbooks in Malaysia was 35.14% compared to Brunei, which only involved 9.18%. This study is to help the Curriculum Division of the Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE) to improve the content of HOTS elements in textbooks and to improve the visual illustrations in the contents of future textbooks to help students better understand and master questions with HOTS elements.
Effects of ‘Strong and Weak’ method on Mathematical Achievement and interest of year 2 students
Authors: Varatharajoo Anbarasi , Setambah Mohd Afifi Bahurudin
Published: December 2024

This study was aimed to identify the effect of the use of strong and weak methods in improving mathematical achievement and interest of students in the topic of rounding number to 1000 to the nearest ten and hundred. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design was used in this study. The respondents of this study consisted of year 2 students from a primary school in Petaling Perdana District, Shah Alam. A total of 30 respondents were involved in this study consisting of 15 respondents of the treatment group and 15 respondents of the control group. This study used two research tools, namely achievement test and questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. Descriptive analysis explained the demographics of the study respondents while inferential analysis involved t-test, which explained the differences between the variables in this study. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the pre and post test of the control group and the post-test of the treatment group. Paired t-test analysis showed that there was an increase in the level of achievement and higher interest in mathematics after using strong and weak methods. This study has a positive impact on students, teachers and schools in improving student achievement in mathematics subjects. The conclusion from this study shows that the use of strong and weak method has increased the achievement and interest in mathematics of year 2 students in rounding number to the nearest ten and hundred.
Pembinaan Kit Dolphin Jump Number Line bagi topik Pendaraban Integer Tingkatan Satu
Authors: Jamaludin Mohamad Alif Akram , Arbin Norazman , Kamarudin Norsyazana , Mohd Hamzah Firdaus
Published: December 2024

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membangunkan serta mendapatkan kesahan dan kebolehgunaan Kit Dolphin Jump Number Line, sebuah bahan bantu mengajar (BBM) dalam pengajaran dan pemudahcaraan (PdPc) bagi topik Pendaraban Integer Tingkatan Satu. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah berasaskan pendekatan Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan di mana hanya dua fasa pertama yang terlibat, iaitu Analisis serta Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan. Model ADDIE telah digunakan sebagai panduan untuk melaksanakan Fasa Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan. Kesahan kit ini dinilai oleh lima orang pakar yang terdiri daripada empat orang pensyarah Matematik di sebuah universiti awam dan seorang guru Matematik di sebuah sekolah menengah. Manakala, seramai 35 orang guru pelatih Matematik dari Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) telah dipilih melalui pensampelan rawak mudah bagi menentukan kebolehgunaan kit yang dibina ini dengan menggunakan soal selidik kebolehgunaan. Data hasil maklum balas pakar dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif yang dinilai menggunakan Indeks Kesahan Kandungan (IKK). Nilai skor min pula digunakan bagi menentukan kebolehgunaan kit. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kesahan bagi kandungan RPH, muka serta kandungan kit adalah memuaskan dengan nilai IKK 1.00. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa kit yang dibina ini mempunyai tahap kebolehgunaan yang tinggi dengan skor min 3.75. Kesimpulannya, RPH yang disediakan adalah bersesuaian dengan standard pembelajaran dan boleh dirujuk selain kit yang dibangunkan juga adalah bertepatan dengan konsep Pendaraban Integer serta sesuai untuk digunakan semasa sesi PdPc. Implikasinya, kit ini dapat digunakan oleh para guru sebagai BBM. Kajian ini dapat memberikan panduan dan idea baru kepada mereka khususnya guru Matematik Tingkatan Satu untuk melaksanakan pengajaran melalui aplikasi BBM.
UTAUT2 Primary School Programming Instructional Questionnaire Adaptation to Malay Language: A Face and Content Validation Procedure
Authors: Md Zuber Masyithoh , Mansor Mohd. Asyraf
Published: December 2024

This research adopted the extended version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) to assess the level of acceptance of programming in the classroom by primary school mathematics teachers in Malaysia. It aims to translate the English questionnaire based on UTAUT2 into Malay. This process consists of three major components: preliminary consideration, translation, and validation. The translation procedure consists of seven stages, and its validation is determined by the content validity ratio (CVR). Six experts were involved in the translation procedure, while eight experts were involved in the content validity evaluation. The results indicate that three of the thirty submitted items must be rejected: items 8 (demography), 27 (hedonic motivation), and 30 (behavioural intention). As a result, the UTAUT2 questionnaires have been translated into Malay, assessed for contextual and sentence stuctures congruence between the original version and the translation, and adapted based on the research conducted in the appropriate context.
ABOUT SOME ISSUES RELATED TO THE BIOGRAPHY OF SAYYID HASAN ARDASHER
Authors:   Leading researcher of the Institute of Uzbek Language, Literature and Folklore of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Doctor of Philological Sciences, Uzbekistan, Ergashev Kadirjon
Published: December 2024

This article is related to the some issues of the life and activity of Sayyid Hasan Ardasher – mentor and patron of Alisher Navoi. In it, the author pays attention to the fact that there is a tendency to connect the life and activity of person with the city of Mashhed in several studies and shows that there is an information confirming this in the sources and therefore this opinion is unfounded. The article also clarified some matters related to Sayiid Hasanʼs personality.
Living Qur’an, Transformasi Sosial, dan Spiritualitas: Ideologisasi Shalawat dalam Komunitas Mafia Shalawat Ponorogo
Authors: Muchlis Ibnu
Published: December 2024

The tradition of shalawat in Indonesia continues to evolve as an inclusive medium for spiritual and social transformation. Mafia Shalawat, a community based in Ponorogo, presents a unique approach to dakwah (Islamic propagation) through shalawat practices involving individuals from non-religious backgrounds, such as former gangsters and martial artists. Grounded in QS. Al-Ahzab: 56, this community utilizes shalawat as a means to build religious identity, foster social solidarity, and resolve societal conflicts. This study aims to examine how creative interpretations of this Qur'anic verse serve as an ideological foundation for forming a new religious habitus and creating an inclusive dakwah arena. This research employs a theoretical hermeneutic approach to objectively analyze data, which is further examined using Pierre Bourdieu's ideological theory, particularly the concepts of habitus and arena. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document studies, focusing on members of the Mafia Shalawat community actively engaged in its traditions. The findings reveal that QS. Al-Ahzab: 56 serves as the ideological basis of this community, where shalawat practices not only reinforce religious values but also drive behavioral and identity transformations among members. Traditions such as maulid recitation and regular shalawat rituals act as mechanisms for habitus formation, supported by an inclusive communal environment. This community successfully overcomes social stigmas and establishes a dakwah model that aligns with contemporary needs. In conclusion, Mafia Shalawat serves as an effective example of how Islamic traditions can be adapted to promote social harmony and spirituality in modern society. This study recommends developing similar community-based dakwah models in various contexts to expand the social and spiritual impact of religious traditions.
Universities Students’ Perception and Attitude to Patriotism in Nigeria with the Deteriorating Economy
Authors: Urien James
Published: December 2024

The study examined universities students’ perception and attitude to patriotism in Nigeria with the deteriorating economy. Three research questions were raised in the study. Survey design was adopted for this study. The population for this study comprised all public universities students in Nigeria. The sample for this study was 1000 respondents from three universities namely Delta State University, Abraka, University of Benin and University of Port-Harcourt. At the first stage, stratified random sampling method was used to select 1000 undergraduate students to participate in the study. Secondly simple random sampling technique (balloting) was used to select three universities. The instrument used for data collection was a self-structured questionnaire titled “Students Perception and Attitude to Patriotism Questionnaire (SPAPQ). The instrument is divided into part A and B. Part A is concerned with personal information about the respondents. Part B solicits responses on all the research questions. Each item was anchored on a four rating scale of: Strongly Agree (SA), Agreed (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD) with a corresponding nominal value of 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively. The instrument was administered by the researcher and two research assistants who are familiar with the study area. 1000 copies of questionnaire were administered and were all retrieved and used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics of simple percentage, mean score and standard deviation was used to answer research questions. From the study, it is concluded that the deteriorating economy's impact on students' perception and attitudes towards patriotism as a result decreased national pride, increased cynicism and disillusionment, growing sense of hopelessness, reduced trust in government and institutions and increased desire for emigration. However, because of the deteriorating economy, students feel that being patriotic is a waste of time. They see patriotism as outdated or irrelevant. It therefore recommended that the government and policy-makers should revitalize economic activities and job creation. Improved governance and accountability etc.
Production and current expenditures: A study of CO2 emissions in Ecuador's manufacturing industry
Authors: Aldas Darwin , Argothy Anderson , Lascano Nelson , Reyes Melany , León Rocío
Published: December 2024

The activities developed in industrialization processes contribute to the deterioration of the environment. In this context, global organizations generate mitigation alternatives through sustainable strategies. Thus, the main aim is to analyze the impact of manufacturing industry production in Ecuador on the environment caused by the total emissions present in the atmosphere. This research has a quantitative approach and empirical level, and the source of information was a structural survey of companies in 2020 issued by the National Institute of Statistics and Census. The methodological process was developed through the description, correlation of variables, and a multiple regression econometric model to explain the relationship between industrial production, current expenditure, and CO2 emissions. The results show that the manufacturing industry generates two million tons of polluting gases annually because of economic activity and the use of fossil fuels. The activities in which fuels are used are first boilers, then motive power, and finally transportation. This study shows a directly proportional relationship between production, current expenditure, and CO2 emissions, where an increase in production implies a greater generation of emissions and, therefore, more current expenditure. This behavior is driven by the dependence on fossil fuels and industrial use. However, it is important to note that air pollution does not depend solely on these factors.