bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Switching from Telephone to Web-First Mixed-Mode Data Collection: Results from The Transition into Adulthood Supplement to the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Sastry Narayan , McGonagle Katherine A.
Published: April 2022

We conducted an experiment to evaluate the effects on fieldwork outcomes and interview mode of switching to a web-first mixed-mode data collection design (self-administered web interview and interviewer-administered telephone interview) from a telephone-only design. We examine whether the mixed-mode option leads to better survey outcomes, based on response rates, fieldwork outcomes, interview quality and costs. We also examine respondent characteristics associated with completing a web interview rather than a telephone interview. Our mode experiment study was conducted in the 2019 wave of the Transition into Adulthood Supplement (TAS) to the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). TAS collects information biennially from approximately 3,000 young adults in PSID families. The shift to a mixed-mode design for TAS was aimed at reducing costs and increasing respondent cooperation. We found that for mixed-mode cases compared to telephone only cases, response rates were higher, interviews were completed faster and with lower effort, the quality of the interview data appeared better, and fieldwork costs were lower. A clear set of respondent characteristics reflecting demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, technology availability and use, time use, and psychological health were associated with completing a web interview rather than a telephone interview.
Role of gut microbiota in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis: Focus on immune cells
Authors: Wang Chong , Deng Hualing , Liu Fang , Yin Qing , Xia Lin
Published: April 2022

Gut microbiota (GM) plays important roles in multiple organ function, homeostasis and several diseases. More recently, increasing evidences have suggested that the compositional and functional alterations of GM play a crucial role in the accumulation of foam cells and the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in atherosclerosis. In particular, the effects of bacterial components and metabolites on innate and adaptive immune cells have been explored as the underlying mechanisms. Understanding the effects of GM and metabolites on immunoregulation is important for clinical therapy for atherosclerosis. Herein, we summarize the potential role of the GM (such as bacterial components lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and GM‐derived metabolites (such as short‐chain fatty acids, trimethylamine N‐oxide and bile acids) in the immunopathology of atherosclerosis. Based on that, we further discuss the anti‐atherosclerotic effects of GM‐directed dietary bioactive factors such as dietary fibres, dietary polyphenols and probiotics. Because of drug‐induced adverse events in anti‐inflammatory therapies, personalized dietary interventions would be potential therapies for atherosclerosis, and the interactions between GM‐derived products and immune cells should be studied further.
Discovery of the novel HLA‐C*08:22:02 allele in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang Kuo‐Liang , Li Chi‐Cheng , Lin Py‐Yu
Published: April 2022

One nucleotide substitution in codon 182 of HLA‐C*08:22:01:01 results in a novel allele HLA‐C*08:22:02.
Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration affect weedy rice growth, seed shattering and seedbank longevity
Authors: Balbinot Andrisa , da Rosa Feijó Anderson , Fipke Marcus Vinicius , Gehrke Vinicios Rafael , Agostinetto Dirceu , Kruse Nelson Diehl , Ziska Lewis Hans , Camargo Edinalvo Rabaioli , de Avila Luis Antonio
Published: April 2022

Weedy rice (Oryza sp.) is one of the most troublesome global weeds in cultivated rice. Its troublesome status is associated with characteristics such as seed shattering and dormancy, allowing for long‐term reinfestation and persistence in rice fields. However, the role of rising carbon dioxide levels (CO2) and other climate variables on these characteristics has not, to date, been assessed. The current research objectives were to evaluate two aspects related to climatic change, increased CO2 concentration (400 ± 50 μmol mol−1 and 700 ± 50 μmol mol−1) and water management (continuous and alternate‐wetting drying), to assess plant development, seed shattering and seedbank longevity of weedy rice. Our results indicated that elevated CO2 (700 ± 50 μmol mol−1) increased weedy rice growth and biomass, seed shattering and lengthened viability within the seedbank. Water management did not affect weedy rice growth, seed shattering and seed dormancy. These results suggest that in areas where weedy rice is dominant, its seed bank persistence and potential competition may be exacerbated with rising CO2 levels, with negative consequences for rice production.
Low temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of sodium phosphorus oxynitride with tunable nitrogen content
Authors: Fontecha Daniela , Nuwayhid R. Blake , Kozen Alexander C. , Stewart David M. , Rubloff Gary W. , Gregorczyk Keith E.
Published: April 2022

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a key technique in processing new materials compatible with complex architectures. While the processing space for Li-containing ALD thin films has been relatively well explored recently, the space for other alkali metal thin films (e.g., Na) is more limited. Thermal ALD and plasma-enhanced ALD (PEALD) lithium phosphorus oxynitride [Kozen et al., Chem. Mater. 27, 5324 (2015); Pearse et al., Chem. Mater. 29, 3740 (2017)] processes as well as analogous thermal sodium phosphorus oxynitride (NaPON) (Ref. 13) have been previously developed as conformal ALD solid state electrolytes. The main difference between the Na and Li processes is the alkali tert-butoxide precursor (AOtBu, A = Li, Na). One would expect such an isoelectronic substitution with precursors that have similar structure and properties to correlate with a similarly behaved ALD process. However, this work demonstrates that the PEALD NaPON process unexpectedly behaves quite differently from its Li counterpart, introducing some insight into the development of Na-containing thin films. In this work, we demonstrate process development and characterization of an analogous low temperature (250 °C) PEALD of NaPON. This process demonstrates significant tunability of N coordination states by varying plasma nitrogen exposure time. Electrochemical characterization showed an ionic conductivity of 8.2 × 10−9 S/cm at 80 °C and activation energy of 1.03 eV. This first instance of low temperature NaPON deposition by PEALD shows promise for further development and understanding of more versatile processing of Na thin film materials.
Cryo-EM structure of the EBV ribonucleotide reductase BORF2 and mechanism of APOBEC3B inhibition
Authors: Shaban Nadine M. , Yan Rui , Shi Ke , Moraes Sofia N. , Cheng Adam Z. , Carpenter Michael A. , McLellan Jason S. , Yu Zhiheng , Harris Reuben S.
Published: April 2022

Viruses use a plethora of mechanisms to evade immune responses. A recent example is neutralization of the nuclear DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ribonucleotide reductase subunit BORF2. Cryo-EM studies of APOBEC3B-BORF2 complexes reveal a large >1000-Å
2
binding surface composed of multiple structural elements from each protein, which effectively blocks the APOBEC3B active site from accessing single-stranded DNA substrates. Evolutionary optimization is suggested by unique insertions in BORF2 absent from other ribonucleotide reductases and preferential binding to APOBEC3B relative to the highly related APOBEC3A and APOBEC3G enzymes. A molecular understanding of this pathogen-host interaction has potential to inform the development of drugs that block the interaction and liberate the natural antiviral activity of APOBEC3B. In addition, given a role for APOBEC3B in cancer mutagenesis, it may also be possible for information from the interaction to be used to develop DNA deaminase inhibitors.
The immune checkpoint B7-H3 (CD276) regulates adipocyte progenitor metabolism and obesity development
Authors: Picarda Elodie , Galbo Phillip M. , Zong Haihong , Rajan Meenu Rohini , Wallenius Ville , Zheng Deyou , Börgeson Emma , Singh Rajat , Pessin Jeffrey , Zang Xingxing
Published: April 2022

The immune checkpoint B7-H3 (CD276) is a member of the B7 family that has been studied in the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy, but its potential role in metabolism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that B7-H3 is highly expressed in mouse and human adipose tissue at steady state, with the highest levels in adipocyte progenitor cells. B7-H3 is rapidly down-regulated upon the initiation of adipocyte differentiation. Combined RNA sequencing and metabolic studies reveal that B7-H3 stimulates glycolytic and mitochondrial activity of adipocyte progenitors. Loss of B7-H3 in progenitors results in impaired oxidative metabolism program and increased lipid accumulation in derived adipocytes. Consistent with these observations, mice knocked out for B7-H3 develop spontaneous obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and adipose tissue inflammation. Our results reveal an unexpected metabolic role for B7-H3 in adipose tissue and open potential new avenues for the treatment of metabolic diseases by targeting the B7-H3 pathway.
Safer carbon nanotube processing expands industrial and consumer applications
Authors: Lowery Joseph L. , Green Micah J.
Published: April 2022

Safer, less-reactive superacid processing enables printing and coating of carbon nanotubes into films, fibers, and fabrics.
Global spatial dynamics and vaccine-induced fitness changes of
Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Lefrancq Noémie , Bouchez Valérie , Fernandes Nadia , Barkoff Alex-Mikael , Bosch Thijs , Dalby Tine , Åkerlund Thomas , Darenberg Jessica , Fabianova Katerina , Vestrheim Didrik F. , Fry Norman K. , González-López Juan José , Gullsby Karolina , Habington Adele , He Qiushui , Litt David , Martini Helena , Piérard Denis , Stefanelli Paola , Stegger Marc , Zavadilova Jana , Armatys Nathalie , Landier Annie , Guillot Sophie , Hong Samuel L. , Lemey Philippe , Parkhill Julian , Toubiana Julie , Cauchemez Simon , Salje Henrik , Brisse Sylvain
Published: April 2022

As with other pathogens, competitive interactions between
Bordetella pertussis
strains drive infection risk. Vaccines are thought to perturb strain diversity through shifts in immune pressures; however, this has rarely been measured because of inadequate data and analytical tools. We used 3344 sequences from 23 countries to show that, on average, there are 28.1 transmission chains circulating within a subnational region, with the number of chains strongly associated with host population size. It took 5 to 10 years for
B. pertussis
to be homogeneously distributed throughout Europe, with the same time frame required for the United States. Increased fitness of pertactin-deficient strains after implementation of acellular vaccines, but reduced fitness otherwise, can explain long-term genotype dynamics. These findings highlight the role of vaccine policy in shifting local diversity of a pathogen that is responsible for 160,000 deaths annually.
New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Long-Acting Lipoglycopeptides
Authors: Tran Truc T. , Gomez Villegas Sara , Aitken Samuel L. , Butler-Wu Susan M. , Soriano Alex , Werth Brian J. , Munita Jose M.
Published: April 2022

The long-acting lipoglycopeptides (LGPs) dalbavancin and oritavancin are semisynthetic antimicrobials with broad and potent activity against Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. While they are approved by the Food and Drug Administration for acute bacterial skin and soft tissue infections, their pharmacological properties suggest a potential role of these agents for the treatment of deep-seated and severe infections, such as bloodstream and bone and joint infections.
Impact of Micropolymorphism Outside the Peptide Binding Groove in the Clinically Relevant Allele HLA-C*14 on T Cell Responses in HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Chikata Takayuki , Paes Wayne , Kuse Nozomi , Partridge Thomas , Gatanaga Hiroyuki , Zhang Yu , Kuroki Kimiko , Maenaka Katsumi , Ternette Nicola , Oka Shinichi , Borrow Persephone , Takiguchi Masafumi
Published: April 2022

Some human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles are associated with good clinical outcomes in HIV-1 infection and are called protective HLA alleles. Identification of T cell epitopes restricted by protective HLA alleles can give important insight into virus-immune system interactions and inform design of immune-based prophylactic/therapeutic strategies.
Transcriptional Response of Candida auris to the Mrr1 Inducers Methylglyoxal and Benomyl
Authors: Biermann Amy R. , Hogan Deborah A.
Published: April 2022

Candida auris
is a fungal pathogen that has spread since its identification in 2009 and is of concern due to its high incidence of resistance against multiple classes of antifungal drugs. In other
Candida
species, the transcription factor Mrr1 plays a major role in resistance against azole antifungals and other toxins.
Real-Life Use of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for the Treatment of Bloodstream Infection Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Neutropenic Hematologic Patients: a Matched Control Study (ZENITH Study)
Authors: Bergas Alba , Albasanz-Puig Adaia , Fernández-Cruz Ana , Machado Marina , Novo Andrés , van Duin David , Garcia-Vidal Carolina , Hakki Morgan , Ruiz-Camps Isabel , del Pozo José Luis , Oltolini Chiara , DeVoe Catherine , Drgona Lubos , Gasch Oriol , Mikulska Malgorzata , Martín-Dávila Pilar , Peghin Maddalena , Vázquez Lourdes , Laporte-Amargós Júlia , Durà-Miralles Xavier , Pallarès Natàlia , González-Barca Eva , Álvarez-Uría Ana , Puerta-Alcalde Pedro , Aguilar-Company Juan , Carmona-Torre Francisco , Clerici Teresa Daniela , Doernberg Sarah B. , Petrikova Lucía , Capilla Silvia , Magnasco Laura , Fortún Jesús , Castaldo Nadia , Carratalà Jordi , Gudiol Carlota
Published: April 2022

Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) has been shown to be a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of difficult to treat infections due to
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(PA) in the general nonimmunocompromised population. However, the experience of this agent in immunosuppressed neutropenic patients is very limited.
No Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on Eradication of Colonization by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium or Microbiome Diversity in Hospitalized Adult Patients
Authors: Rubin Ingrid Maria Cecilia , Mollerup Sarah , Broholm Christa , Knudsen Signe Boye , Baker Adam , Helms Morten , Holm Mona Katrine Alberthe , Kallemose Thomas , Westh Henrik , Dahl Knudsen Jenny , Pinholt Mette , Petersen Andreas Munk
Published: April 2022

Whereas other studies exploring the effect of
L. rhamnosus
in clearing VREfm from the intestine included children and adults, with a wider age range, our study consisted of a geriatric patient cohort. The natural clearance of VREfm in this study was almost 60% after 4 weeks, thus much higher than described previously.
Comparing direct and indirect approaches to predicting soil texture class
Authors: Saurette Daniel D.
Published: April 2022

Soil texture, or the relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay, is a key soil attribute that influences many important physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils. Digital soil mapping is increasingly used to predict soil texture; however, few comparisons have been made between direct prediction of a texture class, and the indirect prediction of texture class by first predicting sand, silt, and clay content, and subsequently converting the predictions to a texture class. We predicted soil texture class for the 5–15 and 30–60 cm depth intervals of the Ottawa soil survey project using direct and indirect approaches which yielded a similar overall accuracy (28–36%) and kappa (0.19–0.27). The predicted soil maps had a similar spatial distribution of soil texture classes. We then used the Euclidean distance between the texture classes to adjust the model performance metrics, revealing the indirect approach provided the better soil texture class prediction. When comparing the predictions, the 5–15 and 30–60 cm maps were in perfect agreement for 53% and 42% of the study area, respectively, and in both cases texture class predictions were within one texture class for over 87% of the map area. For many studies, including legacy soil surveys, texture class information is available, and particle size distribution data are generally lacking. This study confirms that direct prediction of soil texture class performs almost equally with indirect prediction.
Continuous phase transition of higher-dimensional de-Sitter spacetime with non-linear source
Authors: Du Yun-Zhi , Li Huai-Fan , Zhang Li-Chun
Published: April 2022

For the higher-dimensional dS spacetime embedded with black holes with non-linear charges, there are two horizons with different radiation temperatures. By introducing the interplay between two horizons this system can be regarded as an ordinary thermodynamic system in the thermodynamic equilibrium described by the thermodynamic quantities ($$T_{eff},~P_{eff},~V,~S,~\Phi _{eff}$$

T

eff

,

P

eff

,

V
,

S
,

Φ

eff

). In this work, our focus is on the thermodynamic properties of phase transition for the four-dimensional dS spacetime with different values of the charge correction $${\bar{\phi }}$$

ϕ

¯

. We find that with the increasing of the non-linear charge correction the two horizons get closer and closer, and the correction entropy is negative which indicates the interaction between the two horizons stronger and stronger. Furthermore, the heat capacity at constant pressure, isobaric expansion coefficient, and the isothermal compression coefficient have the Schottky peak at the critical point. However, the heat capacity as constant volume for the dS spacetime is nonzero. Finally, the dynamical properties of phase transition for this system have investigated based on Gibbs free energy, where exists the different behavior with that for AdS black holes.
Chaotic dynamics of string around the conformal black hole
Authors: Ma Da-Zhu , Xia Fang , Zhang Dan , Fu Guo-Yang , Wu Jian-Pin
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we make a systematical and in-depth study on the chaotic dynamics of the string around the conformal black hole. Depending on the characteristic parameter of the conformal black hole and the initial position of the string, there are three kinds of dynamical behaviors: ordered, chaotic and being captured, chaotic but not being captured. A particular interesting observation is that there is a sharp transition in chaotic dynamics when the black hole horizon disappears, which is independent of the initial position of the string. It provides a possible way to probe the horizon structure of the massive body. We also examine the generalized MSS (Maldacena, Shenker and Stanford) inequality, which is proposed in holographic dual field theory, and find that the generalized MSS inequality holds even in the asymptotically flat black hole background. Especially, as the initial position of the string approaches the black hole horizon, the Lyapunov exponent also approaches the upper bound of the generalized MSS inequality.
A model for self-organization of sensorimotor function: spinal interneuronal integration
Authors: Enander Jonas M. D. , Loeb Gerald E. , Jörntell Henrik
Published: April 2022

We present a model of a self-organizing early spinal cord circuitry, which is attached to a biologically realistic sensorized musculoskeletal system. Without any a priori-defined connectivity or organization, learning induced by spontaneous, fetal-like motor activity results in the emergence of a well-functioning spinal interneuronal circuit whose connectivity patterns resemble in many respects those observed in the adult mammalian spinal cord. Hence, our result questions the importance of genetically controlled wiring for spinal cord function.
Nutrition Interventions of Herbal Compounds on Cellular Senescence
Authors: Chen Zhongxu , Wu Yixin , Lin Qinlu , Cai Jie , Liu Xi , Liang Ying
Published: April 2022

When cells undergo large-scale senescence, organ aging ensues, resulting in irreversible organ pathology and organismal aging. The study of senescence in cells provides an important avenue to understand the factors that influence aging and can be used as one of the useful tools for examining age-related human diseases. At present, many herbal compounds have shown effects on delaying cell senescence. This review summarizes the main characteristics and mechanisms of cell senescence, age-related diseases, and the recent progress on the natural products targeting cellular senescence, with the aim of providing insights to aid the clinical management of age-related diseases.
Recognition Algorithm of Piano Playing Music in Intelligent Background
Authors: Gu Weina
Published: April 2022

Currently, music recognition research is primarily focused on single note recognition, with some limitations in recognition accuracy and antinoise performance. This paper proposes a new algorithm for piano playing music recognition against the backdrop of intelligent interaction. The method of spectrum peak sorting is extended to the field of multifundamental frequency detection, and high and low channel processing is achieved. The statistical properties of spectral entropy of coefficients in compressed domain are used, resulting in more stable fingerprints. This statistical feature will not be destroyed after the original segment is processed, ensuring that the calculated feature maintains its high stability. This method can effectively improve the accuracy of fundamental frequency extraction by highlighting the peak characteristics of the periodic position of frame samples, avoiding the influence of half-frequency and frequency doubling, and thus avoiding the influence of half-frequency and frequency doubling. In comparison to traditional methods, achieve higher accuracy and fault tolerance. The feasibility and efficiency of the algorithm proposed in this paper are confirmed by a simulation experiment. This method’s overall performance meets certain practical requirements and achieves the expected results, laying the groundwork for future research in this field.
Feelings and Scenes of Rural Homestay Inns in China: A Perspective of Service Encounter
Authors: Si Yuqi , Liu Chang , Zhang Mu
Published: April 2022

As a new form of business, rural homestay inn is booming in China, boosting the transformation and upgrading of leisure tourism and promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism. This study firstly emphasizes the humanistic care in the service process through the content analysis of 30 short videos and the findings that such hotels highlight the word “warmth” in their marketing. Based on this, this study clarifies that in the Chinese context, encounter is essential for gaining warmth. Therefore, the study constructs a model with service encounter as the core concept and explores customer loyalty in rural homestay inns. A total of 450 questionnaires were distributed, of which, 407 were valid. In addition, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability test, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on the collected questionnaires. Results show the following: (1) service encounter includes physical environment encounter, service personnel encounter, and other customer encounter; (2) experience value includes functional emotional and social cognitive values; (3) physical environment encounter and service personnel encounter significantly affect the experience value; (4) physical environment encounter and service personnel encounter significantly affect customer loyalty; and (5) functional emotional and social cognitive values positively affect customer loyalty, and social cognitive value affects more significantly. On this basis, this study introduces the following suggestions: (1) highlighting the characteristics of rural homestay inns and creating a unique cultural atmosphere, (2) paying attention to human care and deepening emotional communication, and (3) improving the customer experience to satisfy higher consumer demand.
Image Energy Saving Recognition Technology of Monitoring System Based on Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Bao Linxia
Published: April 2022

In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional monitoring and alarm system, the key technology of intelligent video monitoring system-image processing and recognition technology is studied. The image energy-saving recognition technology of monitoring system based on ant colony algorithm is proposed. The ant colony algorithm is used to segment the image, extract the suspicious area, and then deal with the suspicious area separately by using the reasoning based on default rules in artificial intelligence. Using the trained neural network, the recognition experiment is carried out on 40 samples, and the recognition accuracy is more than 93%, which shows that it is very effective to use 7 invariant moments in the target image area as the characteristic parameters of target recognition. The microcomputer 2 renewal for a single target area is identified by using a moment invariant calculation force method and neural network. The execution time of the test on the microcomputer of Saijie 1.0 is microsecond. The experiment proves that it is practical and reliable, meets the real-time requirements, and can transmit the alarm signal and suspicious area image to the alarm center through the network.
Fault Diagnosis of Automobile Engine Based on Improved BP Neutral Network
Authors: Ling Yanjun , Niu Chuanming
Published: April 2022

With the continuous enrichment of automobile functions and the complexity of automobile structure, the difficulty of automobile fault diagnosis is constantly increasing. The study of fault diagnosis methods with high real-time performance, accuracy, and predictability is of great significance to improve automobile safety performance and ensure driving safety. Since the convergence speed of the traditional BP neural network algorithm is slow and the accuracy is insufficient in the process of automobile engine fault diagnosis, this paper improves convergence speed of the algorithm by introducing the momentum term, and the weights and thresholds of the neural network are optimized by using GA selection, crossover, and genetic characteristics, to propose a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization BP neural network fault diagnosis method. The average absolute error of the traditional BP neural network algorithm is 0.5976, while the average absolute error of the improved BP neural network algorithm in this paper is 0.1027. The comparative simulation results show that the proposed improved algorithm is better than the traditional BP neural network algorithm in diagnosis precision, accuracy, and other key indicators.
Analysis of the Effect of Branched Chain Amino Acids on Muscle Health Information of Swimmers Based on Multisensor Fusion and Deep Learning
Authors: Huang Shimeng , Luo Qiulan , Liao Jingwen
Published: April 2022

Swimmers must fully mobilize the muscles of the whole body during exercise, and it is necessary to study the protection of swimmers from muscle damage. Now, muscle damage is increasing year by year, and more athletes are affected. Therefore, studying the causes of muscle injuries and exploring more effective treatments have become important research topics in the field of sports medicine. This study is mainly based on deep learning to analyze the protective effect of branched-chain amino acids on swimming athletes’ muscle injury. Due to the complex and changeable environment and the interference of unknown factors, a single sensor cannot meet the needs of obtaining information. Therefore, people have developed the technology of multisensor information fusion to obtain enough information. Multisensor data fusion technology can synthesize the information of each sensor and then obtain more comprehensive and accurate decision-making information. This study is mainly based on multisensor fusion and deep learning to analyze the impact of branched chain amino acids on Swimmers’ muscle health information. Finally, two experiments were designed in this article. The first experimental result showed that the pain level of the experimental group who took BCAA supplements was 19% lower than that of the control group that did not take the BCAA supplement within three days after exercise. The results of the second experiment show the following: after exercise, the creatine kinase activity value of the experimental group taking BCAA supplement was

4.38
±
1.45

, and the creatine kinase activity value of the control group taking placebo was

5.42
±
2.12

. It proves that BBCA can protect muscle damage by reducing the activity of creatine kinase.
Existence of Solutions for a Coupled System of p‐Laplacian Caputo–Hadamard Fractional Sturm–Liouville–Langevin Equations with Antiperiodic Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ni Jinbo , Zhang Jifeng , Zhang Wei
Published: April 2022

Fractional Sturm–Liouville and Langevin equations have recently attracted much attention. In this paper, we investigate a coupled system of fractional Sturm–Liouville–Langevin equations with antiperiodic boundary conditions in the framework of Caputo–Hadamard fractional derivative. Comparing with the existing literature, we study fractional differential equations with a p‐Laplacian operator, which will enrich and generalize the previous work. Based on the Leray–Schauder nonlinear alternative and Krasnoselskii’s fixed point theorem, some interesting existence results are obtained. Finally, an example is constructed to illustrate our main results.
Cooperative Tracking Control of the Multiple-High-Speed Trains System Using a Tunable Artificial Potential Function
Authors: Huang Zhiwu , Wang Pingping , Zhou Feng , Liu Weirong , Peng Jun
Published: April 2022

It is a challenge to maintain a safe and efficient tracking for multiple high-speed trains under the moving block operational mode. In this paper, a novel cooperative tracking control based on a consensus algorithm and artificial potential field theory is proposed to realize the train tracking within a distance range. A tunable artificial potential function is first designed to dynamically adjust the distance between adjacent high-speed trains with real-time train states. By regulating the parameters of the artificial potential function, the safety distance can be adjusted according to the required tolerance deviation of the actual distance. Under the proposed strategy, each high-speed train operates with the desired speed and tracks the preceding one with an adjustable distance range. Numerical train operational cases are investigated to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Performance Optimization of 3-DOF Application Scene Based on 360-Degree Panoramic Technology with Depth Information
Authors: Wang Qinghua , Ma Linjuan , Huang Xiaotong , Lyu Lan , Zhang Fuquan
Published: April 2022

High-quality 3D scenes often show poor rendering effect and insufficient operational performance in low-end devices. Therefore, how to make better use of 360-degree panoramic technology and replace the traditional pure model scene by visual deception is of great significance to the picture quality improvement and performance optimization of low-end equipment. In this paper, a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) application scenario for indoor simulation is used as an example. Under the premise of 360-degree panoramic technology, depth information is obtained through laser ranging, converted into a two-dimensional form of depth image with the help of spherical coordinates, and combined with a transparent information image, the depth image is compressed using DEFLATE compression algorithm, and finally be stored. By optimizing the data through bilinear sampling and with the help of geometric knowledge, the occluded parts are removed or translucent according to the actual situation when the graphics are rendered, and the occlusion relationship is correctly handled in order to achieve a real integration of the virtual environment with the 3D objects. Through multiple data, it is shown that the method possesses significant performance improvement while ensuring geometric realism.
Groundwater Risk Assessment of a Rock Cave Type Landfill with Nontraditional Solid Waste
Authors: Huo Chenchen , Guo Lijie , Wu Weifang , Yang Runsheng , Zhao Yue , Lei Mingxin , Shi Linfeng , Yu Baomin
Published: April 2022

Rock cave landfill has the characteristics of superior geological conditions and strong risk controllability. In this study, taking the first rock cave type nontraditional solid waste landfill in a uranium mine in China as an example, combined with the hydrogeological conditions and engineering characteristics of the mining area, the solute transport model of underground water in a rock cave type nontraditional solid waste landfill was constructed, and the characteristic pollutants were identified, and the pollution migration law of total chromium in the impervious barrier with damaged holes was simulated and characterized. The results show that the leakage of pollutants will affect the groundwater environment when the impervious barrier of the landfill is damaged. The pollution plume exceeding the standard is mainly concentrated in the groundwater aquifer within the landfill area, which is less likely to spread to the off‐site environment. The vertical high concentration pollution plume is primarily distributed in the landfill layer. According to the characteristics of rock cave landfills, it is suggested that hazardous solid waste should be separated from surrounding rock. The research results can provide technical guidance for groundwater environment prediction and prevention measures for the same type of project.
First Identification of Reinfection by a Genetically Different Variant of SARS‐CoV‐2 in a Homeless Person from the Metropolitan Area of Santiago, Chile
Authors: Acuña-Castillo Claudio , Vidal Mabel , Inostroza-Molina Ailen , Vallejos-Vidal Eva , Luraschi Roberto , Figueroa Maximiliano , Barrera-Avalos Carlos , Vera Rodrigo , Vargas Sergio , Valdes Daniel , Maisey Kevin , Imarai Mónica , Leiva-Salcedo Elías , Escobar Alejandro , Reyes-Cerpa Sebastián , Gaete Alexis , Palma-Vejares Ricardo , Travisany Dante , Rojo Leonel E. , Reyes-López Felipe E. , Sandino Ana María
Published: April 2022

The identification and tracking of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients in the general population are essential components of the global strategy to limit the COVID‐19 viral spread, specifically for maintaining traceability and suppressing the resurgence of local outbreaks. Public health programs that include continuous RT‐qPCR testing for COVID‐19 in the general population, viral sequencing, and genomic surveillance for highly contagious forms of the virus have allowed for the identification of SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and reinfections. This work identified SARS‐CoV‐2 reinfection in a homeless person, which occurred 58 days after the first COVID‐19 diagnosis. Genomic sequencing identified a different Nextstrain classification clade (20A and 20B) and PANGO lineage, with a divergence of 4 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in S and ORF1ab genes, suggesting reinfection by different viral variants. This study is the first from the great metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile, one of the top ten countries in the world to live during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We support the importance of performing intensive genomic surveillance programs in the whole population and high‐risk groups, such as homeless people, nearly 20 thousand people in Chile, and have limited access to health care services and poor viral traceability.
Data-Driven Approach for the Short-Term Business Climate Forecasting Based on Power Consumption
Authors: Xu Ji , Zhou Hong , Fang Yanjun , Liu Lan
Published: April 2022

With the fast development of intelligent data-mining technologies, some advanced artificial intelligence approaches are widely developed and employed to help the decision-making of enterprises and government. The application of advanced and intelligent approaches successfully helps the enterprises and government find out the valuable information hidden in the massive economic data. This study presents a novel data-driven approach to forecast the short-term business climate using the electric power consumption data of large enterprises. In addition, the climate conditions, interactions between different industries, the business cycle, and some other related variables are also considered and included in the developed forecasting model. To be specific, the business climate prediction model based on support vector machine (SVM) is proposed firstly, and the human-simulated particle swarm optimization algorithm (HSPSO) in our previous work is employed to optimize the parameters of the developed forecasting model. Secondly, a novel power-consumption-based business climate index (BCI) system is developed and comprehensively analyzed. The developed BCI system that contains the index for each separate industry (BCI-I), the index for tertiary industry (BCI-T), the index for secondary industry (BCI-S), and the index for the entire province (BCI-P) is proposed. In addition, the developed BCI system is employed to normalize the output of SVM-based forecasting model to directly indicate the business climate, which is very important to the decision-making of enterprises and government under the background of smart cities. Finally, the real data of Guangdong province in China, including the gross output values (GOV) and detailed power consumptions of more than 38000 enterprises, are employed to test the proposed approach. Experimental results show that the GOV of each industry and the whole society predicted by HSPSO-SVM matches the real data well. Moreover, the predicted BCI can directly indicate the business climate in advance, which is of great value for economic-decision and policy-making of both enterprises and government.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound: An Effective Method for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Mummified Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Zhang Hong , Tan Xiaoqu , Qian Linxue
Published: April 2022

Mummified thyroid nodules are a special type of thyroid nodule, which is benign, but is often diagnosed as malignant by ultrasound. This study investigated the usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnosis of mummified nodules. 66 patients with mummified nodules were divided into two groups: a no-enhancement group and a low-enhancement group. 32 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were recruited in control group. In the no-enhancement group, CEUS showed that there was no contrast agent entering the nodules, with or without a little dot enhancement or regular ring enhancement around the nodules. The low-enhancement group showed low enhancement inside nodules, which was similar to that in the PTC group. In semiquantitative time-intensity curve analyses, intensity maximum of the central area of nodules in the low-enhancement group was lower than that in the PTC group (

P
<
0.05

) and time to peak of the central area of nodules in the low-enhancement group was lower than that in the PTC group (

P
<
0.05

). The results demonstrate that CEUS could be used to effectively diagnose mummified nodules, obviating the need for patients to undergo invasive examination such as biopsy or even surgery.
Effect of Adding Silica Nanoparticles on the Physicochemical Properties, Antimicrobial Action, and the Hardness of Dental Stone Type 4
Authors: Aghbolaghi Navid , Maleki Dizaj Solmaz , Negahdari Ramin , Jamei Khosroshahi Amir Reza , Rezaei Yashar , Bohlouli Sepideh , Ghavimi Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding silica nanoparticles on the physicochemical properties, antimicrobial action, and the hardness of dental stone type 4. Dental stone type 4 powder was physically mixed with nanoparticle powder at weight percentages (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 percent). The required amount of powder was added to water according to the manufacturer's instructions. The prepared set materials were subjected to the physicochemical studies; Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was taken up to investigate the functional groups and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to evaluate the crystallinity. Also, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the prepared samples. Agar diffusion test was carried out for the prepared samples against the Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) to test the average growth inhibition zones. Finally, the Vickers surface hardness test was performed for each group using a hardness tester. The adding silica nanoparticles to dental stone type 4 increased the diameter of inhibition zones for the groups in both bacteria significantly (

p

 < 0.05). The results showed that adding silica nanoparticles to dental stone type 4 increased the diameter of inhibition zones for the groups in both bacteria significantly (

p

 < 0.0001). There was a significant difference between all groups and the 0% group in both bacteria (

p

 < 0.0001). Besides, the adding of silica nanoparticles to dental stone type 4 increased the surface hardness significantly (

p

 = 0.0057) without any effect on physicochemical properties. The 0% and the 0.5% groups had significant differences with the 2% group (

p

 = 0.0046 and

p

 = 0.0205 respectively). Then, at least 2% silica nanoparticles are needed for a significant increase. Clinical trials are needed to enlarge for dental stone type 4 containing silica nanoparticles in the future.
An Overview on Modelling of Complex Interconnected Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Elloumi Mourad , Gassara Hamdi , Naifar Omar
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes new mathematical models of representation, which can describe the dynamic behavior of large-scale nonlinear systems, such as an extended mathematical model of Volterra series, interconnected Hammerstein structures, and interconnected Wiener structures. In this research, we focus on the class of large-scale nonlinear systems, which are composed of several interconnected nonlinear subsystems. In this context, a discrete nonlinear mathematical model with unknown time-varying parameters, mono-variable, characterizes each interconnected subsystem operating in a deterministic or stochastic environment. An illustrative numerical simulation example of two interconnected nonlinear processes is provided to prove the validity and the performance of the developed theoretical results.
Estimating the Need for Sedation in Patients with Dental Anxiety and Medical Complexities Reporting to Tertiary Care Dental Hospital Using the IOSN Tool
Authors: Abbas Beenish , Maqsood Ayesha , Rahat Geelani Syeda Rabia , Sattar Madeeha , Rahim Majida , Khurshid Zohaib
Published: April 2022

Objectives. To provide consistent method for assessment of sedation need among patients undergoing dental treatment based on specific risk factors that is dental anxiety, medical status, and treatment complexity of needed dental treatment using IOSN (indication of sedation need) tool for assisting the clinician in decision making process. Methods. A total of 237 patients aged ≥12, ASA I and II were enrolled in the study. A structured questionnaire comprising of three sections was distributed among the participants. Section 1 comprises details about age, gender, literacy level, occupation, monthly income, and previous dental treatment history. Section 2 is based on Modified Dental Anxiety Scale which is a questionnaire comprising of five questions ranging from “not anxious” to “extremely anxious.” The third section was based on using the IOSN tool comprising three components: MDAS (Modified Dental Anxiety Scale) rank score, Systemic Health (ASA status) rank score, and treatment complexity rank scores. The total of three scores was then computed to determine the total rank score which suggested the sedation need. History of past traumatic dental experiences was also inquired from each patient. Results. A total of 237 patients aged ≥12, ASA I and II were enrolled in the study, out of which 56.1% were female. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software. Based on the MDAS score, 47/237 (19.8%) participants were found to be highly anxious related to dental procedures. 34.6% of the participants showed to have a high sedation need while performing a dental procedure. The sedation need was found to be significantly associated with the female gender with a significant p value of

p
=
0.016

, higher education status

p
=
0.016

, and history of previous traumatic dental experience

p
<
0.001

. Conclusion. A simple assessment tool can enable clinicians in their decision making to identify patients in need for dental treatment under sedation based on patient-specific risk factors such as past traumatic dental experiences. Need for sedation can be assessed by information on patient anxiety level towards dental treatment, medical history, and complexity of planned dental treatment. The IOSN tool is a simple and quick assessment tool that can be applied for preprocedural assessment of sedation need for dental treatment.
Design and Implementation of Node of Wireless Network Environment Monitoring System Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zou Pinghui , Ji Gaoqing
Published: April 2022

In order to effectively solve the problem of traditional environmental monitoring system due to high sensor cost, difficult deployment, and high maintenance cost, the node design and implementation of a wireless sensor network-based environmental monitoring system are proposed. Simulation experiments show that the time-consuming running time is 14.210361 s. After adding the action force of the grid point on the node, the running time is 11.257740 s, and the operation efficiency of the algorithm is significantly improved. The improved virtual force algorithm optimization improved node coverage by 5.2%.The system is easy to deploy, reduces the development and maintenance cost, and can obtain data or monitor through wireless communication. It is convenient to use and maintain.
Model Averaging Estimation Method by Kullback–Leibler Divergence for Multiplicative Error Model
Authors: Lu Wanbo , Shi Wenhui
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we propose the model averaging estimation method for multiplicative error model and construct the corresponding weight choosing criterion based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence with a hyperparameter to avoid the problem of overfitting. The resulting model average estimator is proved to be asymptotically optimal. It is shown that the Kullback–Leibler model averaging (KLMA) estimator asymptotically minimizes the in‐sample Kullback–Leibler divergence and improves the forecast accuracy of out‐of‐sample even under different loss functions. In simulations, we show that the KLMA estimator compares favorably with smooth‐AIC estimator (SAIC), smooth‐BIC estimator (SBIC), and Mallows model averaging estimator (MMA), especially when some nonlinear noise is added to the data generation process. The empirical applications in the daily range of S&P500 and price duration of IBM show that the out‐of‐sample forecasting capacity of the KLMA estimator is better than that of other methods.