bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An implicit updated lagrangian formulation for liquids with large surface energy
Authors: Hyde David A. B. , Gagniere Steven W. , Marquez-Razon Alan , Teran Joseph
Published: November 2020

We present an updated Lagrangian discretization of surface tension forces for the simulation of liquids with moderate to extreme surface tension effects. The potential energy associated with surface tension is proportional to the surface area of the liquid. We design discrete forces as gradients of this energy with respect to the motion of the fluid over a time step. We show that this naturally allows for inversion of the Hessian of the potential energy required with the use of Newton's method to solve the systems of nonlinear equations associated with implicit time stepping. The rotational invariance of the surface tension energy makes it non-convex and we define a definiteness fix procedure as in [Teran et al. 2005]. We design a novel level-set-based boundary quadrature technique to discretize the surface area calculation in our energy based formulation. Our approach works most naturally with Particle-In-Cell [Harlow 1964] techniques and we demonstrate our approach with a weakly incompressible model for liquid discretized with the Material Point Method [Sulsky et al. 1994]. We show that our approach is essential for allowing efficient implicit numerical integration in the limit of high surface tension materials like liquid metals.
Deep combiner for independent and correlated pixel estimates
Authors: Back Jonghee , Hua Binh-Son , Hachisuka Toshiya , Moon Bochang
Published: November 2020

Monte Carlo integration is an efficient method to solve a high-dimensional integral in light transport simulation, but it typically produces noisy images due to its stochastic nature. Many existing methods, such as image denoising and gradient-domain reconstruction, aim to mitigate this noise by introducing some form of correlation among pixels. While those existing methods reduce noise, they are known to still suffer from method-specific residual noise or systematic errors. We propose a unified framework that reduces such remaining errors. Our framework takes a pair of images, one with independent estimates, and the other with the corresponding correlated estimates. Correlated pixel estimates are generated by various existing methods such as denoising and gradient-domain rendering. Our framework then combines the two images via a novel combination kernel. We model our combination kernel as a weighting function with a deep neural network that exploits the correlation among pixel estimates. To improve the robustness of our framework for outliers, we additionally propose an extension to handle multiple image buffers. The results demonstrate that our unified framework can successfully reduce the error of existing methods while treating them as black-boxes.
Simulation, modeling and authoring of glaciers
Authors: Argudo Oscar , Galin Eric , Peytavie Adrien , Paris Axel , Guérin Eric
Published: November 2020

Glaciers are some of the most visually arresting and scenic elements of cold regions and high mountain landscapes. Although snow-covered terrains have previously received attention in computer graphics, simulating the temporal evolution of glaciers as well as modeling their wide range of features has never been addressed. In this paper, we combine a Shallow Ice Approximation simulation with a procedural amplification process to author high-resolution realistic glaciers. Our multiresolution method allows the interactive simulation of the formation and the evolution of glaciers over hundreds of years. The user can easily modify the environment variables, such as the average temperature or precipitation rate, to control the glacier growth, or directly use brushes to sculpt the ice or bedrock with interactive feedback. Mesoscale and smallscale landforms that are not captured by the glacier simulation, such as crevasses, moraines, seracs, ogives, or icefalls are synthesized using procedural rules inspired by observations in glaciology and according to the physical parameters derived from the simulation. Our method lends itself to seamless integration into production pipelines to decorate reliefs with glaciers and realistic ice features.
Simulation of the Effect of Coal Microstructures on the Macroscopic Mechanical Behavior
Authors: Fu Yu , Feng Zhongliang
Published: November 2020

This paper investigates the influence of mineral structure on macromechanical behavior of coal under different loading conditions using X‐ray CT scanning experimental and numerical methods. The three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction of coal was conducted to assess the spatial distribution characteristics of the mineral structure by AVIZO software. Based on fractal box dimension (BCD) and equivalent diameter, the mineral structures were quantitatively characterized. The 3D finite element models with three distribution characteristics of minerals were built, and the model was considered as a random heterogeneous two‐phase material composed of coal matrix and mineral matter. The results show that the frequency of mineral structures decreases with the increase of equivalent diameter in the coal sample. The BCD of the original mineral structure in coal is greater than 2, but the BCD of each part of the minerals divided based on the screening principle is less than 2. Under uniaxial conditions, the elastic modulus, peak strength, and residual strength of coal are monotonically increasing with the size of the mineral structure. The larger the mineral structure size and the more complex the distribution are, the greater the area of stress concentration and the more uniformity the distribution will be. The failure (plasticity) first occurred at the interface between the matrix and the mineral, and the failure zone is significantly different due to the influence of different mineral structures. Under confining pressure, the presence of mineral structure decreases the brittleness of coal, and the variation of brittleness is related to the size and spatial distribution of mineral structures. The fitting relationship between confining pressure and brittleness index is linear, and the correlation coefficient exceeds 0.95.
Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Bamei Pig Intestinal Colony Compositional Traits
Authors: Wang Dong , Chen Guoshun , Song Lili , Chai Mingjie , Wang Yongfeng , Shui Shengzhang , Zhang Hua , Sha Yuzhu , Yao Yueyang
Published: November 2020

Diets containing different crude protein levels (16%, 14%, and 12%) were created to feed Bamei pigs in order to study the effect of these compositions on intestinal colonies. Therefore, 27 healthy Bamei pigs of similar weight (20.99 kg ± 0.16 kg) were selected and randomly divided into three groups for microbial diversity analysis. The results of this study show that microbial diversities and abundances in Bamei pig jejunum and caecum samples after feeding with different dietary protein levels were significantly different. Dietary crude protein level exerted no significant effect on the Shannon index for cecum microbes in these pigs, while Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices for group I were all significantly higher than those of either the control group or group II (P < 0.05). Indeed, data show that microbial diversities and abundances in the 14% protein level group were higher than those in either the 16% or 12% groups. Dominant bacteria present in jejunum and cecum samples given low‐protein diets were members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data show that as dietary crude protein level decreases, representatives of the microbial flora genus Lactobacillus in jejunum and cecum samples gradually increases. Values for the KEGG functional prediction of microbial flora at different dietary protein levels also show that genes of jejunum and cecum microorganisms were mainly enriched in the “metabolism” pathway and indicate that low protein diets increase intestinal metabolic activity. Therefore, we recommend that Bamei pig dietary protein levels are reduced 2% from their existing level of 16% crude protein. We also suggest that essential synthetic amino acids (AA) are added to optimize this ideal protein model as this will increase intestinal flora diversity in these pigs and enhance health. These changes will have a positive effect in promoting the healthy growth of Bamei pigs.
Orthogonal Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Rock Mechanics Parameters in Stress Field of Shaft Heading Face
Authors: Yang Liyun , Chen Siyu , Dong Pengxiang , Wang Qingcheng , Huang Chen
Published: November 2020

This paper focuses on improving the blasting effect of the drilling and blasting method in the deep rock mass and solves the problems of blasthole collapse and misfire accident in the process of drilling and blasting construction of heading face. FEM software, ABAQUS, is used to simulate the stress distribution around the blasthole by extending a certain depth in the vertical direction of the shaft heading face. The sensitivity of different depths, different heading face sizes, and different lithologies on the horizontal stress distribution is analyzed by using a six‐factor four‐level orthogonal analysis method. The results show that the change of the radius of the heading face has the most considerable influence on the distance of the distressed zone and the stress concentration zone, followed by the lithology and the excavation depth. Also, the excavation depth has the most significant influence on the peak stress value. Through the industrial field experiment, the in situ stress of the shaft heading face is tested, and the numerical simulation results are consistent with the field monitoring results. The results reveal the law of stress distribution near the heading face, which can provide some reference for the design of blasthole depth in the drilling and blasting construction scheme.
The Nrf2/PGC1α Pathway Regulates Antioxidant and Proteasomal Activity to Alter Cisplatin Sensitivity in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Deng Xinyue , Lin Nan , Fu Jiaying , Xu Long , Luo Haoge , Jin Yao , Liu Yanan , Sun Liankun , Su Jing
Published: November 2020

Drug resistance remains a barrier in the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer. Proteasomal and antioxidant activities play important roles in tumor drug resistance, and increasing evidence suggests the existence of an interaction between antioxidant and proteasomal activities. However, the mechanism of the synergistic effects of proteasomal activity and antioxidation on tumor drug resistance is not completely clear. In this study, we compared two ovarian cancer cells, A2780 and SKOV3 cells. Among them, SKOV3 cell is a human clear cell carcinoma cell line that is resistant to platinum. We found that compared with the findings in A2780 cells, SKOV3 cells were less sensitive to both proteasomal inhibitor and cisplatin. Proteasomal inhibition enhanced the sensitivity of A2780 cells, but not SKOV3 cells, to cisplatin. Notably, the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway was identified as a resistance mechanism in proteasome inhibitor-resistant cells, but this was not the only factor identified in our research. In SKOV3 cells, PGC1α regulated the antioxidant activity of Nrf2 by increasing the phosphorylation of GSK3β, and in turn, Nrf2 regulated the transcriptional activity of PGC1α. Thus, Nrf2 and PGC1α synergistically participate in the regulation of proteasomal activity. Furthermore, the Nrf2/PGC1α pathway participated in the regulation of mitochondrial function and homeostasis, further regulating proteasomal activity in SKOV3 cells. Therefore, exploring the roles of PGC1α and Nrf2 in the regulation of proteasomal activity by antioxidant and mitochondrial functions may provide new avenues for reversing drug resistance in ovarian cancer.
Potential Analysis of High-g Shock Experiment Technology for Heavy Specimens Based on Air Cannon
Authors: Duan Zhengyong , Luo Tianhong , Tang Dayong
Published: November 2020

According to the technical requirements of harsh shock environment test, this paper presents the study on the pneumatic vertical test technology with large load and high-g value. The inspiration of this paper comes from the fact that a compressed air cannon can produce instantaneous and powerful air jets that can be used to drive the tested object to achieve a high initial collision velocity. Then, the principle of shock test technology based on an air cannon and an impact cylinder was put forward, and the idea gas mechanics model was established to theoretically analyze the laws that how the parameters of the air cannon and cylinder influence the initial impact velocities. The test system was built, and the test research was carried out. When the air cannon pressure is 0.5 MPa and 0.65 MPa, respectively, under no-load, the impact acceleration measured is 1990 g (pulse width, 1.26 ms) (1g = 9.8 m/s2) and 4429 g (pulse width, 1.20 ms). It preliminarily validated the effectiveness and feasibility.
Transcriptomic Analysis of circRNAs in the Peripheral Blood of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Suo Jinshan , Xu Xinling , Xu Haoyan , Hou Naifang , Zhang Jiaming , Han XIao , Zheng Yanwen , Wang Xinling , Han Xiao
Published: November 2020

The aim of the study is to explore the expression profile variation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in the peripheral blood of subjects with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and without NAION, to analyze the differential expression results, and to predict the role of circRNAs in disease development, providing novel ideas and methods for treatment and diagnosis. High‐throughput sequencing to explore the expression profiles of RNAs in the peripheral blood of 6 NAION patients and 5 healthy controls was applied. Quality control obtained the advanced data from the original data by ticking out the unqualified data. Then, cluster analysis, volcano plot, coexpression network, and protein‐protein interaction network (PPI) were performed. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were used to analyze the whole expressed genes. Lastly, the quantitative real‐time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to verify those significantly differentially expressed circRNAs and do some bioinformatics analysis and prediction in 12 NAION patients and 12 controls. There were significant differences in the expression of 49 circRNAs in the peripheral blood of NAION patients, in which there were 24 upregulations and 25 downregulations (variation folds > 2 and P < 0.05), and it was confirmed that hsa_circ_0005583, hsa_circ_0003922, hsa_circ_0002021, and hsa_circ_0000462 were significantly downregulated (variation folds > 2 and P < 0.05), especially hsa_circ_0005583 which was the most significantly changed one (P < 0.001), and are related to processes such as neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, immunity, and metabolism. The expression profile of circRNAs in the peripheral blood of NAION patients is significantly changed, enriching our understanding of the disease.
Effect of Sheng‐Jiang Powder on Gut Microbiota in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced NAFLD
Authors: Li Juan , Hu Qian , Xiao-yu Dai , Zhu Lv , Miao Yi-fan , Kang Hong-xin , Zhao Xian-lin , Yao Jia-qi , Long Dan , Tang Wen-fu , Wan Mei-hua
Published: November 2020

Background and Aims. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an alarming global health problem that is predicted to be the major cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation by next decade. Gut microbiota have been revealed playing an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Sheng‐Jiang Powder (SJP), an empirical Chinese medicine formula to treat NAFLD, showed great hepatoprotective properties, but the impact on gut microbiota has never been identified. Therefore, we performed this study to investigate the effect of SJP on gut microbiota in NAFLD mice. Methods. NAFLD was induced by 12 weeks’ high‐fat diet (HFD) feeding. Mice were treated with SJP/normal saline daily for 6 weeks. Blood samples were obtained for serum biochemical indices and inflammatory cytokines measurement. Liver tissues were obtained for pathological evaluation and oil red O staining. The expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes was quantified by RT‐PCR and Western blotting. Changes in gut microbiota composition were analyzed by the 16s rDNA sequencing technique. Results. HFD feeding induced significant increase in bodyweight and serum levels of TG, TC, ALT, and AST. The pathological examination revealed obvious hepatic steatosis in HFD feeding mice. Coadministration of SJP effectively protected against bodyweight increase and lipid accumulation in blood and liver. Increased expression of PPARγ mRNA was observed in HFD feeding mice, but a steady elevation of PPARγ protein level was only found in SJP‐treated mice. Meanwhile, the expression of FASN was much higher in HFD feeding mice. Microbiome analysis revealed obvious changes in gut microbiota composition among diverse groups. SJP treatment modulated the relative abundance of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacteria, including norank‐f‐Erysipelotrichaceae and Roseburia. Conclusions. SJP is efficient in attenuating HFD‐induced NAFLD, and it might be partly attributed to the regulation of gut microbiota.
The Effect of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on CD4 Counts in HIV‐Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fu Yuan-Sheng , Chu Qin-Shu , Ashuro Akililu Alemu , Di Dong-Sheng , Zhang Qi , Liu Xue-Mei , Fan Yin-Guang
Published: November 2020

Background. Probiotics as a potential adjuvant therapy may improve the restoration of the intestinal CD4+ T‐cell population in HIV‐infected patients, whereas findings from clinical trials are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to quantify the effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic supplementation on CD4 counts in HIV‐infected patients. Methods. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant articles published up to March 20, 2020. Two authors independently performed the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Data were pooled by using the random effects model, and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered the summary effect size. Publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot and Egger’s test. Results. The search strategy identified 1712 citations. After screening, a total of 16 RCTs with 19 trials were included in the meta‐analysis. Pooling of the extracted data indicated no significant difference between the probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics and placebo groups on CD4 counts (WMD = 3.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) ‐24.72 to 32.45, P = 0.791). In subgroup analysis, a significant increase in CD4 counts was found in the study with high risk of bias (WMD = 188, 95% CI 108.74 to 227.26, P ≤ 0.001). Egger’s test showed no evidence of significant publication bias (P = 0.936). Conclusions. In summary, the evidence for the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in improving HIV‐infected patients’ CD4 counts as presented in currently published RCTs is insufficient. Therefore, further comprehensive studies are needed to reveal the exact effect of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on CD4+ cell counts.
Hesitant Fuzzy Generalised Bonferroni Mean Operators Based on Archimedean Copula for Multiple-Attribute Decision-Making
Authors: Wu Ju , Liu Fang , Rong Yuan , Liu Yi , Liu Chengxi
Published: November 2020

Information fusion is an important part of multiple-attribute decision-making, and aggregation operator is an important tool of decision information fusion. Integration operators in a variety of fuzzy information environments have a slight lack of consideration for the correlation between variables. Archimedean copula provides information fusion patterns that rely on the intrinsic relevance of information. This paper extends the Archimedean copula to the aggregation of hesitant fuzzy information. Firstly, the Archimedean copula is used to generate the operation rules of the hesitant fuzzy elements. Secondly, the hesitant fuzzy copula Bonferroni mean operator and hesitant fuzzy weighted copula Bonferroni mean operator are propounded, and several properties are proved in detail. Furthermore, a decision-making method based on the operators is proposed, and the specific decision steps are given. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the practical advantages of the method, and the sensitivity analysis of the decision results with the change of parameters is carried out.
Rectangular Glass Optical Fiber for Transmitting Sunlight in a Hybrid Concentrator Photovoltaic and Daylighting System
Authors: Aslian Afshin , Chong Kok-Keong , Tavassoli Seyed Hassan , Tan Chin-Joo , Hazave Omid Badkoobe
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we propose to use glass optical fibers with a rectangular cross-section for the application in a concentrator photovoltaic and daylighting system (CPVD) due to the unique characteristics of rectangular fibers with the capability to provide a uniform rectangular beam shape and a top-hat profile at the output. A mathematical model of rectangular optical fibers has been formulated in this study for different incident angles, and the results are compared with those of round optical fibers. Furthermore, the performance of the bundle of RGOFs is compared with that of the bundle of round optical fibers via simulation by using the ray-tracing method. The mathematical modelling and numerical simulation have demonstrated that the RGOF has advantages in terms of the improvement in relative transmission and reduction in energy leakage for the transmission through the optical fiber. The simulation result also shows that a higher flux of sunlight can be transmitted via the bundle of RGOFs as compared to the bundle of round optical fibers due to the higher coupling efficiency. The experiment results on the relative transmission in different incident angles for both round optical fibers and RGOFs have validated both the simulation and the mathematical modelling. The beam profile of our fabricated RGOF has also been measured via our laboratory facility. The flexibility test on the fabricated RGOF has been carried out to bend at a radius of 150 mm and twist at 90° at a fiber length of 2.2 m.
Cardiogenic Shock Secondary to Dynamic Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction and Apical Ballooning after Nonmitral Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Bac , Nguyen Hoang Dinh , Tran Thi Thanh Thuy , Le Minh Khoi
Published: November 2020

Background. The dynamic obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) is a well-known complication in mitral annuloplasty but rarely seen in nonmitral cardiovascular surgery. The dynamic LVOT obstruction can lead to hemodynamic instability, even shock and the treatment is significantly different from the standard approach. Case Presentation. We reported a case of low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) with severe mitral regurgitation (MR), dramatically reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after coronary artery bypass grafting in a 72-year-old female requiring an escalation of inotropic support, volume restriction, and mechanical support. The detailed echocardiography combined with lung ultrasound revealed a dynamic systolic anterior movement of the anterior mitral leaflet (SAM), apical ballooning, and no significant lung congestion. Intravenous fluids were given, diuretics withdrawn, inotrope discontinued, and vasopressors uptitrated. The dynamic SAM was rapidly relieved, the hemodynamics was stabilized, and the LVEF was improving. The patient was discharged in good condition without residual LVOT obstruction and trace MR. Conclusion. We strongly suggest that a detailed echocardiography should be performed in any patient who presents in shock to rule out a dynamic LVOT obstruction. Lung ultrasound should be a routine examination in addition to echocardiography. Once SAM is detected, treatment should be based on volume expansion, inotrope discontinuation, and a careful afterload increasing.
A Tabu Search-Based Algorithm for Airport Gate Assignment: A Case Study in Kunming, China
Authors: Bi Jun , Wu Zhen , Wang Lei , Xie Dongfan , Zhao Xiaomei
Published: November 2020

An airport gate is the core resource of an airport operation, which is an important place for passengers to get on and off the aircraft and for maintaining aircraft. It is the prerequisite for other related dispatch. Effective and reasonable allocation of gates can reduce airport operating costs and increase passenger satisfaction. Therefore, an airport gate assignment problem (AGAP) needs to be urgently solved in the actual operation of the airport. In this paper, considering the actual operation of the airport, we formulate an integer programming model for AGAP by considering multiple constraints. The model aims to maximize the number of passengers on flights parked at the gate. A tabu search-based algorithm is designed to solve the problem. In the process of algorithm design, an effective initial solution is obtained. A unique neighborhood structure and search strategy for tabu search are designed. The algorithm can adapt to the dynamic scheduling of airports. Finally, tests are performed using actual airport data selected from Kunming Changshui International Airport in China. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can enhance the local search ability and global search ability and get satisfactory results in a limited time. These results provide an effective support for the actual gate assignment in airport operations.
3-Image Bit-Level Encryption Algorithm Based on 3D Nonequilateral Arnold Transformation and Hyperchaotic System
Authors: Huang Huiqing , Cheng Dongsheng
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we propose a novel 3-image bit-level encryption algorithm based on 3D nonequilateral Arnold transformation and hyperchaotic system. Firstly, the three plain images with

N
×
M

are decomposed into 8-bit planes and then they overlap into a 3D bit matrix with size

N
×
M
×
24

. Then, the 3D bit matrix is scrambled by 3D nonequilateral Arnold transformation and the scrambled 3D bit matrix is integrated and transformed into three 2D pixel-level images. Finally, the hyperchaotic system is used to diffuse the three 2D pixel-level images; then three diffused images are rearranged to be one color image, resulting in the encrypted image. Numerical simulations and analyses of the proposed encryption scheme are given to validate the feasibility and safety of the method. The statistical analyses like histogram, correlation, and entropy confirm that the proposed method can effectively resist statistical attacks and security key analysis shows that the key space is large enough to render the brute-force attack ineffective in proposed method. The differential analysis confirms that the proposed method is effective against differential attacks and the results of the experiment confirmed that the method can resist occlusion attack.
Analysis on the Triaxial Shear Behavior and Microstructure of Cement‐Stabilized Clay Reinforced with Glass Fibers
Authors: Ruan Bo , Zheng Shilong , Teng Jidong , Ding Hui , Ma Chao
Published: November 2020

A series of triaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate the influence of the fiber content and confining pressure on the shearing characteristics of cement‐stabilized clay reinforced with glass fibers. The glass fiber contents were 0, 1‰, 2‰, 3‰, and 4‰ by weight of the dry soil. The stress strain and volume change behavior, shear strength, and energy absorption of the test specimen were obtained. The results indicate that the inclusion of glass fibers can increase the shear strength, inhibit the volumetric dilation of the test specimen, and improve its brittle behavior. The cohesion of the cement‐stabilized clay reinforced with 4‰ glass fiber content is 2.8 times greater than that of the cement‐stabilized clay. The effect of the fiber content on the friction angle is not obvious. It is found that the glass fiber reinforcement is more substantial under a low confining pressure. The scanning electron microscopy test results show that the surface of the glass fiber is wrapped with cement hydrate crystals, which increases the bite force and friction between the fiber and the soil particles. A single fiber is similar to an anchor in the soil, which enhances the mechanical properties of the cement‐stabilized clay reinforced with fibers.
Revising Transient-Pressure Solution for Vertical Well Intersected by a Partially Penetrating Fracture with Non-Darcy Flow Effect
Authors: Cui Shuheng , Kong Jie , Yu Hongwei , Chen Cheng , Wang Junlei
Published: November 2020

The principle purpose of this work is to formulate an accurate mathematical model to evaluate the transient pressure behavior of a well intercepted by a partially penetrating vertical fracture (PPVF) with non-Darcy flow effect. Fracture conductivity is taken into account by coupling the three-dimensional flow in reservoir and the two-dimensional flow within fracture; the Barree-Conway model is incorporated into the model to analyze non-Darcy flow behavior in fracture, which leads to the nonlinearity of the governing equations. A high-effective iterative algorithm using a combined technique of fracture-panel discretization and dimension transform is developed to render the nonlinear equations amenable to analytical linear treatment. On the basis of the solutions, the pressure response and its derivative type curves were generated to identify the evolution of flow regimes with time. Furthermore, the influences of fracture conductivity, penetration ratio, and non-Darcy characteristic parameters on pressure response are investigated. The results show that PPVF exhibits five typical flow regimes, and analytical solutions for each flow regime are similar to that for a fully penetrating vertical fracture (FPVF) that can be correlated with the penetration ratio and apparent conductivity. The non-Darcy flow effect is found to have more significant effect on the low and moderate conductivity, especially in early-stage flow regimes. When the penetration ratio is smaller than 0.5, the pressure behavior exhibit a more remarkable variation with penetration ratio. This study provides a better insight into understanding the influence of non-Darcy flow on flow regime identification.
Ischemic Colitis after Colonoscopy with Bisacodyl Bowel Preparation: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Shamatutu Chris , Chahal Daljeet , Tai Isabella T. , Kwan Peter
Published: November 2020

Background. Colonoscopy is widely used for the diagnosis and management of colorectal disease and requires adequate bowel preparation. Ischemic colitis is a form of intestinal ischemia that presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and hematochezia. Risk factors include advanced age, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Both colonoscopy and bisacodyl bowel preparation have been described as rare causes of ischemic colitis with less than 35 cases collectively in the literature. Our review found that of these cases, there exists significant heterogeneity within individual patient characteristics. The majority of the cases are managed conservatively without complications or sequela. Due to the risk of ischemic colitis, the FDA has withdrawn bisacodyl bowel preparations from use in the USA. Bisacodyl bowel preparations are still used in Canada. Cases. Here, we present two cases of ischemic colitis in previously healthy women aged 57 and 69 who underwent screening colonoscopy using bisacodyl bowel preparation. Both were treated conservatively without complications. Conclusion. Thus far, there has been one documented case of ischemic colitis following colonoscopy with bisacodyl bowel preparation; here, we present two additional cases with one case occurring without the presence of known risk factors for ischemic colitis. Our literature review finds that there is limited evidence surrounding bisacodyl as a causative agent of ischemic colitis. Cases often contain confounding variables such as the presence of known risk factors for ischemic colitis. Our report aims to highlight the need for a more comprehensive analysis evaluating the safety of bowel preparations as well as increasing the clinical awareness surrounding the rare risk of colonoscopy-induced ischemic colitis.
Mixed Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Ovary: Report of a Rare Case
Authors: Galanis Ilias , Floros Georgios , Bompoula Maria Sotiria , Theodoropoulos Christophoros
Published: November 2020

LCNC (large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas) of the ovary is a rare aggressive tumor entity of the genital tract. Its pathogenesis, origin, and prognosis have not been fully elucidated, since there are a limited number of cases reported in literature. We report a case of an 80-year-old patient, who presented with a growing abdominal mass, which turned out to be a mixed LCNC/epithelial neoplasm. Although this type of tumor is rare, the continuous development of pathologoanatomy and immunohistochemistry contributes to our better knowledge and comprehension of these neoplasms.
Mechanism of Action of Bu‐Fei‐Yi‐Shen Formula in Treating Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Network Pharmacology Analysis and Molecular Docking Validation
Authors: Wu Longchuan , Chen Yu , Yi Jiao , Zhuang Yi , Cui Lei , Ye Chunhui
Published: November 2020

Objective. To explore the mechanism of action of Bu‐Fei‐Yi‐Shen formula (BFYSF) in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) based on network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking validation. Methods. First of all, the pharmacologically active ingredients and corresponding targets in BFYSF were mined by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, the analysis platform, and literature review. Subsequently, the COPD‐related targets (including the pathogenic targets and known therapeutic targets) were identified through the TTD, CTD, DisGeNet, and GeneCards databases. Thereafter, Cytoscape was employed to construct the candidate component‐target network of BFYSF in the treatment of COPD. Moreover, the cytoHubba plug‐in was utilized to calculate the topological parameters of nodes in the network; then, the core components and core targets of BFYSF in the treatment of COPD were extracted according to the degree value (greater than or equal to the median degree values for all nodes in the network) to construct the core network. Further, the Autodock vina software was adopted for molecular docking study on the core active ingredients and core targets, so as to verify the above‐mentioned network pharmacology analysis results. Finally, the Omicshare database was applied in enrichment analysis of the biological functions of core targets and the involved signaling pathways. Results. In the core component‐target network of BFYSF in treating COPD, there were 30 active ingredients and 37 core targets. Enrichment analysis suggested that these 37 core targets were mainly involved in the regulation of biological functions, such as response to biological and chemical stimuli, multiple cellular life processes, immunity, and metabolism. Besides, multiple pathways, including IL‐17, Toll‐like receptor (TLR), TNF, and HIF‐1, played certain roles in the effect of BFYSF on treating COPD. Conclusion. BFYSF can treat COPD through the multicomponent, multitarget, and multipathway synergistic network, which provides basic data for intensively exploring the mechanism of action of BFYSF in treating COPD.
Komplementäre Therapien: Verlässliche Informationen richtig vermitteln
Authors: Witt Claudia M.
Published: November 2020

Purpose: To develop an evidence-based decision aid for parents of children with cancer and to help guide them in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for cancer care. Methods: This study had a mixed research design. The needs of parents were investigated by survey and focus group. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on the effectiveness of CAM using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Clinical experts were interviewed and a decision aid on CAM treatment for pain was developed. Results: Parents emphasized the importance of reliable information on CAM, focusing primarily on communication and a broad spectrum of complaints related to cancer treatment. The decision aid on CAM for pain included five modalities based on 11 randomized control trials (RCTs): hypnotherapy, mind-body techniques, massage, healing touch, and music therapy. Meta-analysis could be performed on hypnotherapy, which significantly reduced cancer-related procedural pain compared with standard care (MD, – 1.37; 95% CI, – 1.60, – 1.15; P < 0.00001) and attention control (MD, – 1.13; 95% CI, – 1.34, – 0.94; P < 0.00001), and massage, demonstrating no effect on pain compared with standard care (MD, – 0.77; 95% CI, – 1.82, 0.28; P = 0.15). Research evidence and supplementary information from clinical practice and patient were incorporated in a website-based decision aid. Conclusions: An evidence-based decision aid was developed to support parents of children with cancer in making decisions about CAM for pain management. Next steps will be to expand the website to include additional childhood cancer-related complaints and to evaluate its use in practice.
Multiples Myelom: Versorgung von geriatrischen Patienten während der COVID-19 Pandemie
Authors: Leischker Andreas
Published: November 2020

Das Virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) wurde erstmals im Dezember 2019 in der Provinz Wuhan, China, identifiziert. Seither reichen die Manifestationen der COVID-19-Infektionen von asymptomatischen bis hin zu schweren Atemwegsinfektionen, mit erhöhter Morbidität bei älteren Erwachsenen, einschließlich solcher mit Komorbiditäten und Krebs. Obwohl bei älteren Erwachsenen mit Multiplem Myelom enorme Fortschritte erzielt wurden, haben Infektionen, einschließlich Infektionen der Atemwege, einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Rate der Mortalität bei diesen Patienten. Die Komplexität der Betreuung älterer Patienten hat während dieser Pandemie aufgrund der Besorgnis über ihr Risiko einer schweren Morbidität einer COVID-19 Infektion erheblich zugenommen. In der Arbeit von Mian et al. werden Strategien zur Risikoreduktion der COVID-19 Übertragung sowie die Behandlungsstratifizierung der Anti-Myelom-Therapie und die Diskussion über die Ziele der Betreuung älterer Erwachsener mit MM während der COVID-19 Pandemie diskutiert.
CML: Der Weg zur optimalen Therapieselektion
Authors: Saußele Susanne
Published: November 2020

Prognostic scores support clinicians in selecting risk-adjusted treatments and in comparatively assessing different results. For patients with chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), four baseline prognostic scores are commonly used. Our aim was to compare the prognostic performance of the scores and to arrive at an evidence-based score recommendation. In 2949 patients not involved in any score development, higher hazard ratios and concordance indices in any comparison demonstrated the best discrimination of long-term survival with the ELTS score. In a second step, of 5154 patients analyzed to investigate risk group classification differences, 23% (n = 1197) were allocated to high-risk by the Sokal score. Of the 1197 Sokal high-risk patients, 56% were non-high-risk according to the ELTS score and had a significantly more favorable long-term survival prognosis than the 526 high-risk patients according to both scores. The Sokal score identified too many patients as high-risk and relatively few (40%) as low-risk (versus 60% with the ELTS score). Inappropriate risk classification jeopardizes optimal treatment selection. The ELTS score outperformed the Sokal score, the Euro, and the EUTOS score regarding risk group discrimination. The recent recommendation of the European LeukemiaNet for preferred use of the ELTS score was supported with significant statistical evidence.
Description of a new species of the genus Lebbeus White, 1847 (Decapoda, Thoridae) from the Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Wang Yanrong , Zhu Chaodong , Sha Zhongli
Published: November 2020

A new species of the caridean family Thoridae, Lebbeus liui sp. nov., is described from the Bohai Sea, China. It belongs to the group characterized by the presence of epipods on the third maxilliped to third pereiopod. The new species is most similar to L. fasciatus and L. speciosus. It differs from the above two species by the number of the dorsal teeth and the spacing of those on the rostrum, and by the posterior median margin of the telson not produced into a triangular tooth.
A new slipper lobster of the genus Galearctus Holthuis, 2002 (Decapoda, Scyllaridae) from Madagascar
Authors: Yang Chien-Hui , Chan Tin-Yam
Published: November 2020

Comparison on the abundant material of Galearctus timidus (Holthuis, 1960) recently collected from the Philippines and Madagascar showed that there are differences in the development of carapace teeth, abdominal sculpture, pereiopods ornamentation and coloration between the specimens from these two localities. Molecular analysis also reveals high genetic divergence between the two forms. Since the type locality of G. timidus is from the Philippines, the Madagascan form is described as a new species.
The complete mitochondrial genome of the freshwater crab Longpotamon kenliense (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae) with phylogenetic consideration
Authors: Wang Yi-Fan , Xu Shu-Xin , Zhu Chun-Chao , Jia Xin-Nan , Zhou Xian-Min , Zou Jie-Xin
Published: November 2020

The authors herein report for the first time the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Longpotamon kenliense. The results showed that the mitochondrial genome of L. kenliense is 18,499 bp in length, shares 37 genes and 1 control region with the typical metazoan mitochondrial genome, and has a strong A + T bias (74.48%), i.e., a characteristic of the metazoan mitochondrial genome. In addition, the authors used the 13 protein-coding genes from the mitochondrial genomes of L. kenliense and 67 other species of Brachyura available from the NCBI to estimate divergence times. The divergence time of L. kenliense was 14.39 Ma, which is close to the divergence times of L. xiushuiense and L. yangtsekiense, but later than that of Sinopotamon yaanense. The results indicate that the genera Sinopotamon and Longpotamon are closely related and that the genus Sinopotamon has a longer history, which may have been caused by geological events.
Reading kephalaia: The Composition of Evagrius Ponticus’ Ad monachos Reconsidered
Authors: Johnsén Henrik Rydell
Published: November 2020

How Evagrius Ponticus (d. 399) composed his highly influential treatises of short and succinct chapters (kepahalaia) is bewildering and has been discussed by many scholars. In this essay the literary composition of Evagrius’ To monks in monasteries and communities, or Ad monachos, a typical text of short chapters, is examined from a literary perspective by relating the text to literary conventions, common in late antique literature and in rhetorical handbooks and exercises (progymnasmata). It is demonstrated how the teaching develops gradually in accordance with a pattern for a so-called amplified argument (epicheireme) codified in Pseudo-Hermogenes Progymnasmata. By this arrangement of the teaching, the reader is offered, not just a random taste of various aspects of the monastic life, but a set of specific conclusions to implement or to be aware of practically in the life as monk; conclusions that are perceptible not at just a cursory glance, but at a careful and repeated reading.
Madness, Pain, & Ikhtilāṭ al-ʿaql: Conceptualizing Ibn Abī Ṣādiq’s Medico-Philosophical Psychology
Authors: Hauter Ashwak Sam
Published: November 2020

This paper brings both textual and ethnographic considerations to bear on Ibn
Abī Ṣādiq’s (d. 1068/470H) medico-philosophical
commentary on the Hippocratic Apho­risms. He considers
cases of madness and absence of pain in order to discuss the problem of
ikhtilāṭ al-ʿaql (mental derangement)
and its relation to the body, soul, and spirit. Focusing on
ikhtilāṭ offers a space to examine an
important configuration at the limit of the physical, the metaphysical, and
spiritual. Ultimately, a close reading of Ibn Abī
Ṣādiq’s commentaries moves toward a theoretical psychology
(a theory of the soul) and a medico-philosophical language of the subjective
experience of pain.
A Man Is Only as Good as His Words!?
Authors: Bauer Benedikt
Published: November 2020

This article provides a discussion of various types of thinking and reading Jesus’ gender exemplified by four thematic foci on church history and recent discourses on Christian religiosity within society (Muscular Christianity, Bridal Mysticism, Passion Piety, religious art/ art using religious topoi). In particular, this article applies a queer and intersectional reading on the topic of Jesus’ gender by toying with heteronormative stereotypes of a strictly gender-binary line of thought.
Feminist Women’s Attitudes towards Feminist Men in the Canadian Atheist Movement
Authors: Simmons Jonathan
Published: November 2020

Scholars of nonreligion and atheism have become increasingly interested in how the atheist movement reproduces gender inequalities. This growing research area is especially concerned with atheist activism’s contradictory embracing of gender egalitarianism on the one hand (especially when embedded in a critique of religion) and the exclusion of women from atheist spaces. Limited information is available on male atheists who identify as feminist or who express agreement with feminist goals. Although some scholars have addressed the rejection of feminist claims within organised nonreligion, this article examines both men’s adoption of the feminist label and women’s attitudes towards feminist men in the atheist movement. Drawing from thirty-five semi-structured interviews with atheist activists in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, I show that some feminist women perceived feminist men as passive or guided by insincere motivations (primarily to earn the attention and approval of women within atheist organisations). These findings shed light on the dilemmas of feminist men in atheist activism and contribute to understanding the gender dynamics of some atheist organisations.
#METOO
Authors: Nakashima Brock Rita , Brooks Thistlethwaite Susan
Published: November 2020

The #MeToo hashtag is a welcome contemporary addition to the long struggle to end sexual harassment against women. An American Academy of Religion (AAR) iteration of this struggle began at the first meeting of the Committee on the Status of Women in the Profession (SWP) in 1990. One of the issues the members considered was to create a sexual harassment policy for the AAR; it was the discussion of the sexual harassment policy at that first meeting that first unfolded the deep layers of harm that women of the academy had endured over the years.
Bartalinia kevinhydei (Ascomycota), a new leaf-spot causing fungus on teak (Tectona grandis) from Northern Thailand
Authors: TIBPROMMA SAOWALUCK , KARUNARATHNA SAMANTHA C. , MORTIMER PETER E. , XU JIANCHU , DOILOM MINGKWAN , LUMYONG SAISAMORN
Published: November 2020

This paper introduces an interesting new fungus, isolated from teak (Tectona grandis) leaf-spots, collected in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS and LSU sequence data together with morphological studies confirmed that the disease was caused by a Bartalinia species, distinct from described taxa. Detailed description, photomicrographs and a phylogenetic tree are provided to showcase the taxonomic placement of the new species, B. kevinhydei. Geographical distribution of Bartalinia species is also provided. This is the first report of a Bartalinia species growing on teak, and also the first report for Bartalinia in Thailand.