bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A nagyérvasculitisek képalkotó vizsgálatának lehetőségei és azok jelentősége
Authors: Kolossváry Endre , Balázs György , Dósa Edit , Moravszki Mónika , Járai Zoltán , Farkas Katalin
Published: May 2020

Absztrakt:

A Chapel Hill-i Konszenzuskonferencia által megfogalmazott beosztás szerint az
óriássejtes arteritis és a Takayasu-arteritis tartozik a nagyérvasculitisek
csoportjába. E kórállapotok felismerése döntően a klinikai kép értékelésén,
valamint a különböző vascularis képalkotó módszerek alkalmazásán alapul. Az
utóbbi lehetőséggel kapcsolatban az elmúlt években jelentős technológiai
fejlődés figyelhető meg, amely már nemcsak a diagnózis felállítását, hanem a
betegség kiterjedtségének és az érfali gyulladás fokának a megítélését is
lehetővé teszi. Ezenfelül az érfali gyulladás későbbi szövődményeinek
felismerése is lehetővé válik. Az ultrahang, a komputertomográfia és a
mágnesesrezonancia-vizsgálat, valamint a pozitronemissziós tomográfia képviselik
azokat a képalkotó modalitásokat, amelyek a bennük rejlő lehetőségek miatt
elengedhetetlenek az érintett betegek felismeréséhez, valamint hatékony
kezelésük és követésük tervezéséhez. Az ismeretek összefoglalása számos, az
érintett betegek gondozásában potenciálisan érintett szakterület érdeklődésére
tarthat számot. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(23): 939–950.
COVID-19: challenges for a new epoch
Authors: Silva Cleyton Martins da , Arbilla Graciela
Published: May 2020

N/A
Additions to the knowledge of Ganodermataceae in brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Leonardo-Silva Lucas , Silva Larissa Batista da , Sá Antônio Sérgio Ferreira de , Naves Laiza Rosa Rezende , Cunha Elida Lucia da , Xavier-Santos Solange
Published: May 2020

ABSTRACT As a cosmopolitan family, Ganodermataceae has as distinctive characteristic the presence of double-walled basidiospore: the inner wall thick and ornamented, and the outer wall smooth. Even with the increasing interest in this family, the species are still poorly known in different regions of the brazilian territory, such as in the central Brazil. This study presents new distribution remarks of Ganodermataceae species in different sites of the biome Cerrado, in the Midwest region. We found 23 specimens from five species which are distributed into three genera, Amauroderma, Foraminispora and Ganoderma. From those species, one is a new record for the Cerrado (A. exile), four are new for the State of Goiás A. exile, F. rugosa, G. multiplicatum and G. stipitatum and one for the Distrito Federal (G. stipitatum). Amauroderma aurantiacum is rediscovered in Goiás after 88 years. This study contributes to improving the knowledge regarding the geographic distribution of these taxa in Brazil.
Relationship between gestational weight gain and amount of postpartum bleeding
Authors: KINAY Tuğba , ÖZELÇİ Runa , DİLBAZ Berna , KAHYAOĞLU İnci , MORALOĞLU TEKİN Özlem
Published: May 2020

AbstractBackground/Aims:To evaluate the effect of gestational weight gain on the amount of postpartum
bleeding.Methods: An observational study reviewed medical records of with low-risk
singleton pregnancies who delivered vaginally at 37 weeks of gestation or
beyond between May 1 and November 1, 2018 at a tertiary referral center. Demographic
and clinical characteristics were obtained from the medical records. The relationship
between the increased rate in BMI during pregnancy and amount of blood loss in
the postpartum first hour was evaluated. Results:A total of 411 women was included in the study. In the study population,
the mean blood loss was 57.3±43.9 ml in the 3rd stage of labor and
113.2±76.9 ml in the postpartum first hour. No correlation was found between
the increase in BMI during pregnancy and blood loss during the 3rd stage
of labor (r=0.006) and postpartum first hour (r=0.037). Nulliparity, history of
postpartum hemorrhage in previous pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and
episiotomy were found to be risk factors for increased postpartum blood loss during
the 1st hour (p< 0.05). Conclusions: Increase in BMI was not related with the amount
of postpartum bleeding in women with low-risk pregnancy who had a vaginal
delivery.
Association between the regional variation in premature mortality and immigration in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Rosella Laura C. , Kornas Kathy , Watson Tristan , Buajitti Emmalin , Bornbaum Catherine , Henry David , Brown Adalsteinn
Published: May 2020

Objectives

Health region differences in immigration patterns and premature mortality rates exist in Ontario, Canada. This study used linked population-based databases to describe the regional proportion of immigrants in the context of provincial health region variation in premature mortality.

Methods

We analyzed all adult premature deaths in Ontario from 1992 to 2012 using linked population files, Canadian census, and death registry databases. Geographic boundaries were analyzed according to 14 health service regions, known as Local Health Integration Networks (LHINs). We assessed the role of immigrant status and regional proportion of immigrants in the context of these health region variations and assessed the contribution using sex-specific multilevel negative binomial models, accounting for age, individual- and area-level immigration, and area-level material deprivation.

Results

We observed significant premature mortality variation among health service regions in Ontario between 1992 and 2012. Average annual rates ranged across LHINs from 3.03 to 6.40 per 1000 among males and 2.04 to 3.98 per 1000 among females. The median rate ratio (RR) decreased for men from 1.14 (95% CI 1.06, 1.19) to 1.07 (95% CI 1.00, 1.11) after adjusting for year, age, area-based material deprivation, and individual- and area-level immigration, and among females reduced from 1.13 (95% CI 1.05, 1.18) to 1.04 (95% CI 1.00, 1.05). These adjustments explained 84.1% and 94.4% of the LHIN-level variation in males and females respectively. Reduced premature mortality rates were associated with immigrants compared with those for long-term residents in the fully adjusted models for both males 0.43 (95% CI 0.42, 0.44) and females 0.45 (0.44, 0.46).

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that health region differences in premature mortality in Ontario are in part explained by individual-level effects associated with the health advantage of immigrants, as well as contextual area-level effects that are associated with regional differences in the immigrant population. These factors should be considered in addition to health system factors when looking at health region variation in premature deaths.
Use of healthcare resources in a cohort of Colombian rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or tofacitinib, 2014–2018 v1
Authors: Machado Alba Jorge
Published: May 2020

Objectives: To describe the treatment patterns and use of healthcare resources in a cohort of Colombian patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) or tofacitinib. Methods: Descriptive study from a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with RA who were treated with bDMARDs or tofacitinib after failure of conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs) or first bDMARD. Patients who were receiving pharmacological treatment between 01/JAN/2014 and 30/JUN/2018 were included. The analysis through the revision of claim database and electronical medical records. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The costs of healthcare resources were estimated from the billing expense of HSP. Results: We evaluated 588 RA patients on treatment with bDMARDs (n=505) or tofacitinib (n=83), most of them were in combination with cDMARDs (85.4%). The 88.1% were females and mean age was 57.3±12.5 years. The median evolution of RA since diagnosis was 9 years (IQR:4-17.2). The mean duration of use during follow-up of the bDMARDs or tofacitinib was similar, with a mean of 9.8±1.9 months. It was identified that 394 (67.0%) discontinued therapy. The average annual direct cost of care per patient was USD 8,997±2,172, where 97.2% was due to drug costs. The average annual cost of treatment per patient with bDMARDs was USD 8,604 and tofacitinib was USD 6,377. Conclusions: In the face of a first failure of cDMARD, bDMARD are frequently added. A high frequency of patients do not persist treatment during the first year of follow-up. The pharmacological treatment is the most representative cause of healthcare costs.
Students' Perceptions of Collaborative Summary Writing
Authors: Alawaji Noura Nasser Muhammad
Published: May 2020

Writing is one of the four main language skills that are given emphasis in Second Language Learning. Summary writing is often viewed as a difficult and a challenging skill in learning a second language, which may result in negative attitudes forming, both toward summary writing and to writing in general. The main purpose of this study is to investigate students’ perceptions and problems related to collaborative summary writing in a university in Saudi Arabia. The study involved five undergraduate EFL Saudi female students as a case study and who were exposed to writing course participated in this study. The students were given different collaborative writing tasks during the semester and completed one summary writing task collaboratively for the purpose of this study. Then their views about the task were recorded via semi-structured interview. The findings suggest that most of the participants express positive attitudes toward collaborative writing and consider it beneficial for improving different aspects of writing skills, second language proficiency, and confidence. Several problems occurred during the process of collaboration, and these are also identified and discussed.
A Comparative Analysis of Chinese and English Animal Idioms from Culture Perspective
Authors: Lyu Shuangshuang , Li Zhouyan
Published: May 2020

Idioms are the crystallization of human wisdom and the essences of language. Animal idioms, which can reflect people’s feelings or explain complicated phenomena and rules with vivid and expressive animal images, contain rich and unique cultural connotations. This paper studies a comparative analysis of English and Chinese animal idioms from perspective of culture, aiming to make people know the cultural differences, improve their intercultural awareness and use animal idioms accurately, to promote intercultural communication more smoothly and properly.
Yeast Detection in Mango Flavored Kefir from Small Scale Manufacture in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Al-Baarri Ahmad Ni'matullah , Setianingsih Dian Ari , Pramono Yoyok Budi
Published: May 2020

This research was done to detect total yeast on small scale kefir industry in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The total plate count method was used to analyze total yeast in mango flavored kefir. This research used mango flavored kefir since this products was the top demand by consumer among kefir flavored products that was produced in this manufacture. Kefir from manufacture was transferred to laboratory using container box to provide buffer in the temperature decrease. As result, total yeast in mango flavored kefir was 1,21±0,06x105 CFU/ml. This total yeast was in the range of the Standard Codex 243-2003 which required a minimum total of 104 CFU/ml. The 1 log unit differences should provide the awareness to manufacture to maintain kefir in low temperature to minimise the multiplication of total yeast resulting the appearance of unwanted flavor. As conclusion, the mango flavored kefir was analyzed in total yeast successfully and in the range of Standard Codex of kefir
Toward Global Earthquake Early Warning with the MyShake Smartphone Seismic Network, Part 1: Simulation Platform and Detection Algorithm
Authors: Kong Qingkai , Martin-Short Robert , Allen Richard M.
Published: May 2020

The MyShake project aims to build a global smartphone seismic network to facilitate large-scale earthquake early warning and other applications by leveraging the power of crowdsourcing. The MyShake mobile application first detects earthquake shaking on a single phone. The earthquake is then confirmed on the MyShake servers using a “network detection” algorithm that is activated by multiple single-phone detections. In this part one of the two article series, we present a simulation platform and a network detection algorithm to test earthquake scenarios at various locations around the world. The proposed network detection algorithm is built on the classic density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise spatial clustering algorithm, with modifications to take temporal characteristics into account and the association of new triggers. We test our network detection algorithm using real data recorded by MyShake users during the 4 January 2018 M 4.4 Berkeley and the 10 June 2016 M 5.2 Borrego Springs earthquakes to demonstrate the system’s utility. In order to test the entire detection procedure and to understand the first order performance of MyShake in various locations around the world representing different population and tectonic characteristics, we then present a software platform that can simulate earthquake triggers in hypothetical MyShake networks. Part two of this paper series explores our MyShake early warning simulation performance in selected regions around the world.
АСЕАН как потенциальный субъект глобального управления: предпосылки, возможности и перспективы
Authors: Ефремова Ксения
Published: May 2020

Ассоциация государств Юго-Восточной Азии (АСЕАН), образованная в 1967 г., является старейшей и наиболее развитой региональной группировкой за пределами Западного мира. В последние десятилетия она претендует на то, чтобы стать локомотивом межрегионального сотрудничества и региональной интеграции в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе. Концепция центральности АСЕАН (или, как ее еще называют, концепция асеаноцентричности) предполагает, что АСЕАН должна принадлежать ведущая роль в процессах регионального – а возможно, и глобального, – управления. Вместе с тем возникают обоснованные сомнения в том, что АСЕАН способна справиться с этой ролью. Рассматриваются проблемы субъектности АСЕАН, ее способности (или неспособности) участвовать в процессах глобального управления. Предварительный анализ показывает, что предпосылки для того, чтобы рассматривать АСЕАН в числе потенциальных субъектов глобального управления, действительно существуют. Однако вопрос заключается в том, сможет ли (и захочет ли) АСЕАН актуализировать имеющийся у нее потенциал с тем, чтобы разделить с другими членами международного сообщества ответственность за принятие глобальных по своей значимости решений, и согласятся ли другие государства – причем не только мировые лидеры, но и развивающиеся страны, – признать эту новую, глобальную роль АСЕАН. В настоящее время Ассоциация не может претендовать на статус полноценного субъекта глобального управления. Тем не менее созданные АСЕАН межрегиональные структуры дают ей возможность кулуарно лоббировать свои интересы, касающиеся решения общемировых проблем, затрагивающие, в том числе, и регион Юго-Восточной Азии. Представляется, что эта организация не способна стать классическим мировым центром силы наподобие США, России или Китая, но она вполне может при удачном стечении обстоятельств превратиться в будущем в новый центр глобального притяжения вроде того, каким является современный Европейский союз. Таким образом, у АСЕАН есть все шансы со временем стать полноценным субъектом глобального управления.
Что такое демократия и как ее измерить?
Authors: Хворостов Александр
Published: May 2020

В статье рассматривается актуальная политологическая литература, сочетающая теоретико-концептуальный и эмпирический подходы к анализу современных обществ, в фокусе внимания – книга Дэвида Кэмпбелла “Демократия как оптимальная среда для инноваций: подходы к измерению качества демократии” (Global Quality of Democracy as Innovation Enabler: Measuring Democracy for Success. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019). Автор реферирует общий концептуальный подход Кэмпбелла к пониманию демократии как последовательно самоорганизующейся и многоуровневой системе и приводит его интерпретацию качественных уровней демократии. Основное внимание уделено рассмотрению разработанной автором модели эмпирического анализа ключевых параметров развития и функционирования современных обществ в рамках глобального сопоставительного анализа 160 стран. Приводятся также некоторые результаты анализа применительно к отдельным регионам и странам мира (ОЭСР, ЕС, БРИК и др.) Статья завершается разделом, содержащим некоторые критические замечания и комментарии рецензента относительно использованной терминологии и степени обоснованности предложенного метода в исторической перспективе.
Fault diagnosis and maintenance of automobile engine cooling system
Authors: Chen Chunmei
Published: May 2020

With the further development of the society, the economic level of Chinese residents is gradually improving. Under such circumstances, the number of automobiles and their usage are increasing as well. As a kind of mechanical equipment, there will be many application faults of the automobile after long-term use. Only by solving the faults can automobiles be restarted and run stably for a long time. Based on this, this paper focuses on automobile maintenance, analyzes the principle of engine cooling system, and studies the diagnosis and maintenance methods of this kind of fault, trying to provide some reference value for the further discussion and research in this field.
Public Wi-Fi
Authors: Lambert Alex , McQuire Scott , Papastergiardis Nikos
Published: May 2020

Public Wi-Fi services are rolling out across Australia, with city councils and telcos building large-scale networks in urban areas. Questions as to the value of public Wi-Fi have never been more significant in the Australian context. In this article we explore how free Wi-Fi services offered by cultural institutions and municipalities influence public spaces, and ask how such services can engender practices which promote the social good. Drawing on ethnographic research into six Wi-Fi equipped spaces in Victoria, we find a variety of issues which influence whether a service will be popular and hence have a significant influence on public space. Services which are popular enable a range of uses, and this can add to the appeal and atmosphere of a space. However, Wi-Fi has yet to truly facilitate the kind of social interactions and rich civic placemaking we associate with the social good.
Locating disaster communication in changing communicative ecologies across the Pacific
Authors: Noske-Turner Jessica , Tacchi Jo , Horst Heather , Papoutsaki Evangelia
Published: May 2020

The Pacific Island region is geographically and culturally diverse, with a significant range of communication infrastructures and challenges. Access and use of mobile phones has risen exponentially over the past five years. According to ITU statistics, around 60 percent of Pacific Islanders had access to a mobile in 2012, compared to just 10 percent in 2006. In many Pacific countries mobile phones are, therefore, emerging as a key element of the local communication systems, and are being be built into disaster management and communication plans. For these plans to be effective, however, we argue that access to, and affordability of, technologies represent only one dimension of what needs to be considered in effective disaster communication plans. They also need to consider appropriate technologies, local communicative ecologies, systems for the ownership and maintenance of infrastructures, and local knowledge and belief systems. With a focus on mobile and other telecommunications technologies, this paper provides an overview of disaster communication systems and infrastructures, practices and challenges in the region.
Warrnambool Exchange Fire — Resilience and Emergency Management
Authors: A Gregory Mark , Scholfield Kaye , Ahmed Khandakar , McLaren Dorothy , Williams James , Marshall Helen
Published: May 2020

Effective emergency management of a disaster at a single point of failure is vital if the effects of the disaster are to be mitigated. The immediate impacts of a disaster highlight stakeholder perspectives. There is no one-size-fits-all solution to every disaster. Nevertheless, analysing features, aftermath, impact and interim services made available after a disaster provide lessons that can be utilised to avert or mitigate the effects of similar events in the future. This paper provides lessons learnt from a fire that occurred in 2012 in the Warrnambool telephone exchange located in Victoria, Australia and proposes a strategy that provides increased network resilience and more effective emergency management once the copper-based core switching in exchanges is progressively replaced by fibre service area modules.
Stress hyperglycemia after pancreatobiliary surgeries
Authors: Joseph Nishi Mary , Mammen Sam Christy
Published: May 2020

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common problem and stress hyperglycemia occurring in patients undergoing surgery without history of diabetes mellitus has been shown to have a poorer clinical outcome. Effective glycemic control in the perioperative period results in marked improvement in clinical outcome.Methods: This prospective study was conducted among 100 cases of the pancreatobiliary postoperative patients admitted in General Surgery Department, Government Medical College Kottayam during November 2015 to November 2016. The post-operative blood sugar values, age, sex, BMI, family history of diabetes mellitus, anemia, hypoproteinemia, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative blood transfusion, duration of surgery, and type of surgery were studied with respect to occurrence of stress hyperglycemia.Results: The total incidence was 35%. The incidence in pancreatic surgery (87.5%), other biliary surgeries (77.8%), open cholecystectomy (31.2%) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (18%). Significant association was found in malnourished and obese persons, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, duration of surgery more than 3 hours, intraoperative blood loss of more than 500 ml and intraoperative blood transfusion and pancreatic surgery. Independent predictors of stress hyperglycemia were found to anemia, hypoproteinemia, duration of surgery more than 3 hours and underweight and obese individuals.Conclusions: Stress hyperglycemia incidence in pancreatobiliary postoperative patients was found to be 35%. Independent predictors of stress hyperglycemia were anemia, hypoproteinemia, duration of surgery more than 3 hours and BMI <18.5 and >30. Hence correction of anemia, improving the nutritional status preoperatively and minimising the duration of surgery will improve the clinical outcome.
Pediatric appendicitis- five year experience at tertiary care pediatric surgery department: a cohort study
Authors: Albal Manisha , Bansod Prasad Y. , Mashru Deep
Published: May 2020

Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common abdominal surgical condition in pediatric population. It accounts for 1-8% of children presenting in pediatric surgical emergency. The aim of this study was to evaluate pediatric appendectomy in our department.Methods: It was a hospital based prospective cohort study spanning over a period of 5 years, where all diagnosed cases of pediatric appendicitis were enrolled. Demographic profile, clinical features and operative findings were analyzed. Patients were kept on regular follow-up and complications were noted.Results: During the study period 146 patients were enrolled for the study. Male: female ratio was 1:1. Maximum patients belonged to age group of 11-15 years (42%). Pain in abdomen and fever were the most common presenting symptoms. Tenderness in right iliac fossa was the most common clinical sign (89.72%) and inflamed appendix was the most common operative finding in the study (83.91%).Conclusions: The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is based on clinical examination. Atypical symptoms may lead to delay in the diagnosis and management. Imaging and lab investigations are supportive. Early recognition of symptoms, access to healthcare facility with a surgeon can significantly reduce the morbidity and complication rates in pediatric age group.
Management of rare and atypical inguinal hernias: our experience at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Prasuna V. Sai , Rao Y. Prabhakara , Akhilesh C.
Published: May 2020

Background: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common surgical conditions operated by the surgeon. The purpose of the study paper was to provide diagnostic and therapeutic resources to deal with certain difficult situations in hernia repair.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 8 rare and atypical inguinal hernias was conducted for a period of 2 years at NRI General Hospital, which includes cases like Loss of domain hernias and hernias with atypical contents; which stood as diagnostic and management challenge to the surgeon.Results: Of the eight very rare and atypical cases operated, no postoperative complications were noted except one which developed a scrotal abscess after one month of discharge.Conclusions: The infrequent encounter with rare and atypical hernias stands a diagnostic challenge to the surgeon. Inguinal hernia repair even-though looks simple yet may sometimes be very difficult.
Evaluation of procalcitonin as a predictor of severity of acute appendicitis
Authors: Dharwal Vikrant , Bharti Ramesh , Verma Amar , Chaudhary Rajesh , Dogra Ravi Singh , Kumar Raj
Published: May 2020

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency worldwide. The treatment of choice is emergency appendectomy. A delayed diagnosis and hence a delayed treatment increases the complication rate. Despite the best efforts negative appendectomy rate is still high since there is no single best test available to reach the diagnosis.Methods: This was an institutional study conducted at DRPGMC Tanda, comprising of 28 patients and 7 healthy controls. The patients with clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis were subjected to appendectomy after taking a blood sample for serum procalcitonin and performing an ultrasonogram of abdomen.Results: We observed that mean levels of procalcitonin (PCT) were significantly higher in patients of acute appendicitis in comparison to healthy controls. The range of PCT levels in group 2 i.e., patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis were from 0.54 to 0.74 ng/ml with mean value of 0.61 ng/ml, whereas in group 3 i.e. patients with complicated acute appendicitis, the range were from 1.14 to 2.56 ng/ml with mean value of 1.62 ng/ml. PCT levels were significantly higher in group 3 as compared to group 1 and group 2 (p<0.0001). In group 2, mean PCT levels were significantly higher in comparison to group 1 (p<0.0001). Statistical analysis of our data shows a cut-off value of procalcitonin to be 0.203 ng/ml. We observed sensitivity and specificity of PCT to be 96% and 100% respectively.Conclusions: This study concludes that levels of serum PCT can be used as a laboratory marker for making a diagnosis of acute appendicitis and also for predicting its severity.
Laparoscopic appendectomy versus laparoscopic assisted appendectomy: a hospital based comparative study
Authors: Sharma Gopal , Kumar Barinder
Published: May 2020

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy is more expensive and time consuming as compared to open technique. On the other hand, laparoscopic assisted appendectomy has the advantages of both the open and laparoscopic methods.Methods: This was a prospective comparative study of patients that underwent appendectomy by laparoscopic or laparoscopic assisted techniques.Results: A total of 40 patients were selected for the study. Standard laparoscopic technique was performed in 20 patients and laparoscopic assisted appendectomy was performed in 20 patients. The average operating time was 25.4±15 minutes in laparoscopic assisted appendectomy while it was 46.20±10.90 minutes in standard laparoscopic appendectomy which was statistically significant. Mean hospital stay in group A was 2.70±0.70 and in group B it was 2.10±0.70 which was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The laparoscopic-assisted method of appendix removal can be performed as efficiently as laparoscopically. It is fast and easy to perform, and it is expected to decrease the overall cost of laparoscopic appendectomy.
Comparison of pre-operative ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography with intra-operative surgical findings among patients suspicious to choledocholithiasis
Authors: Samanta Pulak Kumar , Sarkar Rathin , Bakshi Sabyasachi
Published: May 2020

Background: Choledocholithiasis with cholelithiasis is a common problem in the middle and older age group people. Aim of this study is to assess the usefulness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis in resource poor set up.Methods: After matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria, all cases of diagnosed choledocholithiasis were taken for this prospective, single center, observational study.Results: Out of total 130 subjects, 41 were male and 89 were female. Increased incidence of choledocholithiasis was found in females (M:F=1:2.08). The mean age of presentation was 49.27±10.60 years. Ultrasonography was able to diagnose common bile duct (CBD) stones in 57 patients (43.84%) and ductal dilatation in 89 (68.46%). Whereas, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) detected CBD stones in 112 (86.15%). Cholelithiasis was associated with choledocholithiasis in 108 patients (83.07%).Conclusions: In the evaluation of choledocholithiasis, in our study particularly trans-abdominal ultrasonography (USG) seemed to have a lower yield than expected for accuracy in determining choledocholithiasis when compared to MRCP and Intra-operative findings. So, a negative USG in a particular may not exclude choledocholithiasis. So, MRCP is the ‘investigation of choice’ among the suspicious patients for CBD stone disease. That is why prior to cholecystectomy in symptomatic patients with deranged liver function test, MRCP always to be done, to detect the missed stone in CBD.
A rare case of isolated tubercular epididymitis
Authors: Kannur Malappa Shivappa , Hegde Suraj , Yeshwanth Sunil Kumar , Tejaswi K. Venkata
Published: May 2020

Isolated tuberculous epididymitis (ITE), defined as tuberculous epididymitis without clinical signs of kidney. Here we present a middle-aged man who presented with swelling in the right scrotum since, 45 days. On clinical examination, mild tenderness was noted in the right scrotal region, a course of oral antibiotics was started but again patient presented with same complaints after 15 days. Fine needle aspiration cytology of testicular swelling was performed which was confirmatory of tuberculous epididymitis. The patient was advised anti-tuberculosis treatment, which he continued for a duration of 6 months. Following the anti-tubercular treatment, there was no evidence of recurrence.
Management of extensive nerve gaps of more than 5 cm by vein graft in three cases
Authors: Singh Sudhir
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of use of extensive vein grafts to manage nerve gap repair. The study on peripheral nerve injury has been carried out in this country as well as abroad for many years, but the use of veins as the conduit is more than three decades old and still in evolving phase for standard clinical procedure. Its application is simple and regeneration of nerve is quite satisfactory specially for nerve gap of less than 5 cm. However, the present study was done on extensive nerve gaps of more than 5 cm to 10 cm gaps specially of after long duration of injury to see the results. Inspite of poor results due to extensive nerve gap and treatment tried after long duration of injury, it is quite encouraging to see nerve growth in biopsy of one venous tube and it is great achievement for future study. As of now any vein tube applied for nerve gap of more than five cm is not successful. So successful use of venous tubes is still in infancy for nerve gap of more than 5 cm.
Management of impacted maxillary central incisor by using TADs in different methods
Authors: Alasmari Ahmed , Aldhaheri Nadia , Altamimi Tawfeq , Altuwairqi Rabab , Bin Salamah Fahad
Published: May 2020

Impaction of maxillary central incisor is one of the challenging cases in orthodontic clinics. Proper diagnosis and application of orthodontic biomechanics can limit the number of prosthetic and surgical intervention when treating maxillary central incisor impaction.

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Observation on the therapeutic effect of glucocorticoid in severe pneumonia
Authors: Hu Wenping
Published: May 2020

Objective: To observe the effect of glucocorticoid in severe pneumonia. Methods: 72 patients with severe pneumonia who were admitted to the ICU department of Ji'an city central people's hospital of Jiangxi province from January 2018 to January 2019 were treated by computer table method. Among them, 36 patients were included in the control group, and the rest 36 were included in the observation group. Results: The time cost of the observation group was less than that of the control group, P < 0.05. Conclusion: The combination of glucocorticoid in the treatment of severe pneumonia is more beneficial to the recovery of patients and reduces the time of suffering.
Evaluation of Inflammatory State in Migraineurs: A Case-control Study
Authors: Togha Mansoureh , Razeghi Jahromi Soodeh , Ghorbani Zeinab , Ghaemi Amir , Rafiee Pegah
Published: May 2020

Due to inconclusive findings of previous researches, we aimed to evaluate inflammatory state biomarkers in episodic and chronic migraineurs (EM and CM patients) compared to headache-free controls in the current study. Seventy-one migraine patients and 19 age-sex-matched controls were recruited. After obtaining demographic data and recording headache characteristics, blood samples were gathered and analyzed to evaluate the serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. Serum levels of IL-6, CRP and TNF-α were significantly higher among subjects with CM than the EM and controls. Further, positive correlations were noted for number of headache days/month and serum IL-6 (r=0.53, p<0.001), CRP (r=0.62, p<0.001), and TNF-α (r=0.58, p<0.001). In sum, according to current findings, a pro-inflammatory state was detected among chronic and episodic migraineurs compared to healthy control, as revealed by augmented concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL6, CRP, and TNF-α). It was also underlined that with increasing levels of inflammatory factors, headaches tended to be more chronic. However, in order to confirm the hypothesis that neuroinflammation plays a role in migraine pain genesis, long-term cohort studies and well-designed experimental and randomized controlled trials are required.
Written Speech Differential Diagnostics of Primary School Children With Speech Deviance
Authors: Alekseeva E
Published: May 2020

Modern logopaedic examination schemes do not sufficiently reveal the psychological and pedagogical status of primary school children with speech disorder to work out an individual correction route. The question of children condition with writing disorder of psychological level of its organization is not fully studied. The topicalquestion in logopaedics is still the development of a written speech survey, considering the neuropsychological approach. We have modified the traditional logopaedic diagnostics using variants of examination schemes and didactic material from well-known techniques. Diagnostic examination is divided into three stages: preparation, the basis and data analysis. The main stage included three blocks: the examination of sensorimotor, cognitive development and emotional-volitional sphere, the development of oral and written speech. The results of the diagnostics showed that the indicators of emotional-volitional sphere are lower in children of the experimental group than in children of the comparative group. Correction of activity (motive, programming, regulation, communication skills of writing) is allocated in an independent section of logopaedic work, using the method of neurolinguistics programming as a means of psychological correction, personal development, improving the effectiveness of correctional and pedagogical influence.
Keywords: neuropsychological approach, diagnostics, general speech underdevelopment, neurolinguistics programming
The Importance of Primary Prevention Regarding Orientations Given to Babies´ Caregivers
Authors: Anauate C , Peters Kahhale E
Published: May 2020

Caregiver orientation is very important to promote neurodevelopment on babies. Considering that relations are the key for this development of superior mental functions, we believe that all caregivers, teachers and parents should be present and paying attention to the children, providing opportunity for an ideal neurodevelopmentand humanization. It is important to orientate caregivers so that they can provide qualitative conditions, which integrate affection, conscience and action to promote development to occur according to the potential of the child. We believe that the individual constitutes himself by means of social contact. This work has the goal toapproach the theory which orientates, with specific guidelines and practical work, caregivers aiming a better child neurodevelopment. Bonds are necessary for a better and trustful relation. When you are present in a relation nervous connections are promoted and these lead to a more effective motor, cognitive and affectivedevelopment of the superior mental functions such as memory, attention, language, psychomotricity and executive functions. It uses didactically the following principles of the Social Historical theory of Luria and Vygotsky: mediation, functional units and zone of proximal development. Interactions between the brain and the formation of mental functions require the maturity of the nervous system as well as an active process that emphasizes relations of two or more human beings.
Keywords: neurodevelopment, childhood, relation
Perception of Dynamic Social and Non-social Stimuli in Preterm and Full-term Children: Neurocognitive Correlates in Early Childhood
Authors: Chegodaev D , Pavlova P , Pavlova N V
Published: May 2020

Preterm birth is the leading cause of newborn deaths in almost all countries around the world. Whilst survivors encounter severe motor, cognitive and behavioral impairments during infancy or later in their lives, the studies of the recent years have demonstrated that the social development serving a basis for learning and cognition of the environment in human infants can be severely affected even in normally developing preterm born children (gestational age < 37 weeks). The current article presents a discussion on the behavioral as well as the neuroimaging aspects of the social maturation in preterm and full-term children, depicting complexity of theimpairments and focusing on the involved brain structures. Further, authors perform the design of the longitudinal study of social and non-social perception in early childhood, implemented on the base of the Laboratory for Brain and Neurocognitive Development (Ural Federal University).
Keywords: prematurity, social development, early childhood, neurocognitive correlates
Follow-Up to Case Study: Neurofeedback as a First Choice Treatment in an ADHD and Comorbidities
Authors: Paes de Barros França F
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this case study is to present the evolution in the neurofeedback treatment of a 7-years-old boy with ADHD and comorbidities – OCD, Anxiety and Aggression. The main complaint of parents and school was the lack of control of his impulses, beating his classmates, not sitting quietly in the classroom, disrupting classmates, biting fingernails and toes compulsively – getting hurt. He was asked to withdraw from the previous school and, the parents saw neurofeedback as an alternative non-drug treatment, since the psychiatrist suggested an antidepressant. Brain training by neurofeedback occurred twice a week, in a total of 70 sessions,where the brain areas with the greatest impairment were trained. With only two months of treatment, the boy’s aggressiveness was no longer a problem. At the end of the treatment, the functional impairments were better, validated by mean evolution evaluations. The patient was released, with a high approval rating from parents and school, since their symptoms disappeared. After 1 year and 9 months of the end of treatment at the age of 9, a new assessment was performed to see if the gains remained. The results showed that through Neurofeedback training the brain had the ability to normalize his electrical activity and maintain the gain over time.
Keywords: ADHD, neurofeedback, rehabilitation
Teachers of Special Schools: Stressors and Manifestations of Occupational Stress
Authors: Kuvaeva I
Published: May 2020

Introduction. This article demonstrates the stress syndrome among teachers of special schools. There are two teaching techniques to pupils with physical and mental disorders: (1) in-class interaction and (2) distance computer interaction. We assume that teachers of special schools perceived a high level of occupational stress;the specific professional and organizational stressors explained the differences in stress syndromes among teachers of traditional (in class) and distance computer interaction. Method. Our study applies the IDICS system that analyzes the syndrome of occupational stress: stressors – subjective representations – acute and chronicstress manifestations – deterioration of stress (Leonova, 2006). The sample consists of 58 teachers (2 m./56 f.) of Russian special schools. Results. The findings have demonstrated that 29% participants perceived the high occupational stress and the ‘in class’ technique determines the most tension in work (p < 0.05). As thecomparative analysis has proven, participants of traditional technique highlighted the stressful job conditions and chronic stress manifestations (aggression, depression, sleep disturbances) (p < 0.05). The teachers who work in a class, perceive the value of work tasks greater and experience the emotional stress on a higher level. Participants applying distance technique on the contrary distinguished extremely negative actual well-being (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Organization of work process determines the specification of stress syndrome among teachers in special schools. Practical relevance of the research lies in developing and implementing of stress-relieving program, targeting different groups of workers with account of traditional/distance technique.
Keywords: occupational stress, stress syndrome, teacher, special school, ‘in-class’technique, distance technique, disabled children
Influence of Parent–Child Interaction on Socio-emotional Development of Children With Perinatal Risks
Authors: Lavrova M , Tokarskaya L , Kiselev S
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of peculiarities of child–parent interaction on the early socio-emotional development of children with perinatal risks. This is a relevant area since, first of all, there is an increasing number of children with such risks (especially, with the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) andattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)). Moreover, it is parents who can be most instrumental in the successful development, adaptation and socialization of children. The article examines Russian and foreign approaches to the definition of socio-emotional development, stages, and levels of its development. It also analyses the data obtained in the course of research of peculiarities of parent–child interaction with the help of video observation (PCI) that was conducted using the coding scales (SocialinteractionratingScale). In order to assess cognitive, speech, socio-emotional development, and adaptive behavior, «Bayley Scales of Infant Development Third Edition» were used. The data of eight children of the control group (average age 5–8months) and eight children of the experimental group with family risk of atypical development (older sibling or parent have a confirmed diagnosis of ASD and/or ADHD) (average age 2–66 months) were analyzed. Two-way analysis of variance showed that nondirective behavior of parents can lead to a more successful developmentof socio-emotional skills of children with the family risk of ASD and ADHD, namely, the skill ‘social setting’. The study is a pilot but demonstrates a potential for further research in this area.
Keywords: child–parent interaction, video observation, young children, family risk, socio-emotional development
Comparative Study of Hardiness Referring to Adolescents with Musculoskeletal Disorders and Adolescents with Normal Development
Authors: Tokarskaya L
Published: May 2020

The article presents the results of the research into hardiness of adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and those with normal development. The choice of subjects with MSDs was made due to their presence in the general public, in fact, the incidence of inborn and acquired MSDs is about 5-7% in children (N.М. Nazarova, 2002). 25 adolescents with MSDs studying at schools which have adaptive standards of education took part in the research, and 50 adolescents with normal development studying at general education schools. The research used the following methods: modified Maddi’s Hardiness Survey (adapted by D.A. Leontiev, E.I. Rasskazova); H. Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPI); Dembo-Rubinstein Method of Self-esteem Measurement (modified by A.M. Prikhozhan); questionnaire ’Ways of Coping Checklist’ (WCC) of R. Lazarus and S. Folkman (adapted by L.I. Wasserman). Such psychological correlates of hardiness as self-esteem, claims, and extroversion - neuroticism, ways of coping, are used to clarify the specificity of hardiness manifestation in test subjects. As the result of the study, the hypothesis that the presence of MSDs will have an influence on the level of hardiness of adolescence was confirmed, as hardiness components are higher in children with MSDs than in those with normal development, 95,5 and 77,6 respectively. Also, the hypothesis that children with MSDs have a high level of neuroticism was confirmed. However, adolescents without MSDs studying at 8th grade have an even higher level of neuroticism, the study finds.
Keywords: hardiness, adolescents with MSDs, adolescents with normal development, ways of coping, self esteem, claims, extraversion, neuroticism.
The Characteristics of Hierarchy of Self-Image Components Depending on Social And Cultural Affiliation
Authors: Yanitskiy M , Seryy A , Braun O
Published: May 2020

In accordance with the methodology of the constructivist approach, the personal identity manifested as a unique self-image is regarded as a dynamic hierarchical system. Under that approach, based on M. Kuhn and T. McPartland’s test, we have developed and put into practice a special questionnaire, which allows ranking16 categories in terms of their importance. These categories reflect social role components of self-image in the main spheres of life, thus presenting an individual or a group identity structure as an orderly hierarchy. Based on a sample of 1251 students of various sex, age, nationality, confession, residence and field of study, we haveproved that affiliation to a certain social or cultural group influences the hierarchy of self-image components. The study has shown that of the highest impact on the significance of self-image components is gender and professional affiliation, and, albeit less substantial, belonging to a particular ethnoreligious group and being theresident of a certain region. Sociocultural affiliation in all instances was an important differentiating characteristic, which determined the disparities in significance of the respective basis of the identity in the hierarchy. At the same time, sociocultural affiliation in most cases had an effect on the importance of less than a half of the other self-image components, thus determining the general structure of the identity. In conclusion, gender, educational and professional, ethnic, confessional or regional sociocultural group is a significant social determinant of personal development in the formation of the self-image hierarchy, which underlies the characteristics and structure of one’s identity.
 
Keywords: identity, self-image, sociocultural environment, youth, students.