bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Aroma Differences in Volatile Compounds of Aged Feng-flavored baijiu Determined using Sensory Descriptive Analysis and GC×GC–TOFMS
Authors: Ren Jinmei , Li Zhi jian , Jia Wei
Published: April 2024

Sensory descriptive analysis was used to evaluate the aged Feng-flavored baijiu. The results indicated that there are notable differences in the samples of different ages. The samples with shorter storage times and fresh distilled Baijiu present bran flavor, and fresh green flavor. with the increase of storage time, the fragrance of honey, sweetness, flowers, and aging gradually increases. The samples of Feng-flavored baijiu were dected by Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-ﬂight mass spectrometry (GC×GC–TOFMS) , in total, 496 sustances were identiﬁed in all samples, mainly containing 14 types of substances, such as esters, aldehydes etc., of which 42 substances were found in Feng-flavored baijiu for the first time. Chemometrics was used to analyze the key differential compounds. 143 differential compounds closely related to aging were preliminarily screened, and principal component analysis revealed that these samples were separated by year. 65 differential compounds were selected out by partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA). Furthermore, 43 key differential compounds were selected from the aged Feng-flavored baijiu combined with variable importance in projection and Pearson correlation coefficients. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to research the correlation of sensory properties and key differential compounds, and the results indicated that most compounds were closely related to the aged Baijiu . This study afford theoretical basis and reference for flavor research of Feng-flavored baijiu.
TLR Agonists Modify NK Cell Activation and Increase Its Cytotoxicity in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Gallardo-Zapata Janet , Pérez-Figueroa Erandi , Olivar-López Víctor , Medina-Sanson Aurora , Jiménez-Hernández Elva , Ortega Enrique , Maldonado-Bernal Carmen
Published: April 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in innate immunity, particularly in combating infections and tumors. However, in hematological cancers, NK cells often exhibit impaired functions. Therefore, it is very important to activate its endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) as a potential strategy to restore its antitumor activity. We stimulate NK cells from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and NK cells isolated, the NK cells were stimulated with specific TLR ligands (Poly I:C, Imiquimod, R848, and ODN2006) and evaluated changes in IFN-γ, CD107a, NKG2D, NKp44 expression, Granzyme B secretion, cytokine/chemokine release, and cytotoxic activity. Results revealed that Poly I:C and Imiquimod enhanced activation of both immunoregulatory and cytotoxic NK cells, increasing IFN-γ, CD107a, NKG2D, and NKp44 expression. R848 activated immunoregulatory NK cells, while ODN2006 boosted CD107a, NKp44, NKG2D, and IFN-γ secretion in cytotoxic NK cells. R848 also increased secretion of various cytokines/chemokines. Importantly, R848 and ODN 2006 significantly improved cytotoxicity against leukemic cells. Overall, TLR stimulation enhances NK cell activation, suggesting TLR8 (R848) and TLR9 (ODN 2006) ligands as promising candidates for antitumor immunotherapy.
Is the Myasthenia Gravis (MG) the Result of Age and Sex/Gender? A Narrative Review for Identifying Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers for a Differential MG Management in Old and Young Women
Authors: Balistreri Carmela Rita
Published: April 2024

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a disease characterized by typical clinical and immunopathogenic pe-culiarities, which correlate with age and sex/gender. Accordingly, MG patients show thymic al-terations and auto-antibodies productions, that can be the expression of a different pathogenetic mechanism related to age and gender. This determines, in relation to age at and sex/gender, a dif-ferent MG onset, prognosis, and outcome. Therefore, diverse MG forms can be identified, classi-fied, and characterized in relation to their different features, and precisely there are early onset and late-onset forms of MG. It has been hypothesized that the cause of appearance the two diverse forms of MG can be ascribed mainly to the diverse genetic and epigenetic factors. In this narrative review, we will analyze and discuss about the interplay of age- and sex-related factors (i.e. genet-ic and epigenetic factors) related to two different MG forms and how they contribute to their di-verse pathogenesis.
Water-Light Interaction and its Effect on the Morphophysiology of Cedrela fissilis Vell Seedlings
Authors: Silverio Juliana Milene , Scalon Silvana de Paula Quintão , Santos Cleberton Correia , Linné Jessica Aline , Dias Anderson dos  Santos , Bernardes Rodrigo da Silva , Dantas Thaise
Published: April 2024

Plant responses to different light and water availability are variable among species and their re-spective phenotypic plasticity, and the combination between these two abiotic factors can alleviate or intensify stressful effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of exposure time of Cedrela fissilis Vell. seedlings to different water and light availability and the interaction of these factors. Seedlings were submitted to combinations of three shading levels – SH (0, 30 and 70%) and three water regimes based on the water holding capacity (WHC) in the substrate, constituting nine cul-tivation conditions: T1 – 0% SH + 40% WHC; T2 – 0% SH + 70% WHC; T3 – 0% SH + 100% WHC; T4 – 30% SH + 40% WHC; T5 – 30% SH + 70% WHC; T6 – 30% SH and 100% WHC; T7 – 70% SH + 40% WHC; T8 – 70% SH +70% WHC; T9 – 70% SH + 100% WHC. C. fissilis seedlings respond to water deficit, here represented by 40% WHC, regardless of exposure time, and when cultivated in full sun, the stressful effects were enhanced, acting in a synergistic manner. The condition that provided better gas exchange performance and greater total dry mass accumulation for C. fissilis seedlings was 30% shading combined with 100% WHC. C. fissilis seedlings have physiological plasticity and resilience to survive under different water and light conditions.
Exploring Seizure Dynamics: A Computational Model of Epilepsy
Authors: Montgomery Richard Murdoch
Published: April 2024

This article encapsulates an exploration of seizure dynamics through the lens of computational modeling in epilepsy. Starting with a foundational understanding of the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, asimplified representation of neuronal activity, we try to understand the intricacies of epileptic seizures. We methodically demonstrated the transition from normal neuronal activity to a seizure-like state by altering key parameters in the model, such as external current and coupling strength. This was followed by an extension of the model to a network of neurons, simulating the complex interactions and synchronization patterns indicative of seizure propagation. Numerical simulations were conducted to visualize the impact of varying coupling strengths on network dynamics, offering insights into the mechanisms of seizure initiation and spread. The study was complemented by a discussion on the implications of these findings for understanding epilepsy, highlighting the bridging of theoretical models with clinical understanding. Our approach not only illuminates the potential of computational models in epilepsy research but also underscores the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing our comprehension of neurological disorders. Through this article, we aim to provide a nuanced perspective on the modeling of epileptic seizures, offering a valuable resource for researchers and clinicians in the field.
Jesmanowicz Conjecture and Gaussian Integer Ring
Authors: Feng Nianrong , Cao Junyu , Wang Yongzheng
Published: April 2024

Let a,b,c be positive integers such that a2+b2=c2, 2|b,gcd(a,b)=1. In 1956, Jesmanowicz conjectured that for any positive integer w, the only solution of (aw)x+(bw)y=(cw)z in positive integers is (x, y, z) = (2, 2, 2). In this paper, based on Gaussian integer ring, we show that Je$\acute{s}$manowicz' conjecture is true for any positive integer
Deciphering the Interplay: Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine Impact on Glycosphingolipid Expression, Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis, and Metabolomics in Ovarian Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Odak Zdravko , Marijan Sandra , Radan Mila , Pilkington Lisa I. , Čikeš Botić Monika , Barker David , Reynisson Jóhannes , Čikeš-Čulić Vedrana
Published: April 2024

Ovarian cancer is among the most common causes of female mortality. Despite improvements in diagnostic methods, non-specific symptoms and delayed gynecological exams can lead to late-stage ovarian tumor discovery. In this study, the effect of an anti-cancer compound, 3-amino-N-(3-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrothieno[2,3-b]quinoline-2-carboxamide (Compound 1) was examined. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and metabolomic changes in ovarian cancer cell lines SK-OV-3 and OVCAR-3, as well as glycosphingolipid (GSL) expression, both on cancer stem cells (CSCs), marked as CD49f+ and non-CSCs (CD49f-) were explored. Treatment with Compound 1 reduced the percentage of CSCs compared to non-treated cells (P < 0.001). The expression of eight GSLs on CSCs and non-CSCs was examined using flow cytometry. Both cell lines showed a change in the glycophenotype of the cells, either up or down of its expression, after the treatment. These findings raise the possibility of specifically targeting CSCs in ovarian cancer therapy. Additionally, treatment of Compound 1 resulted in a statistically significant increase in both early and late apoptosis (P<0.001) suggesting a pivotal role in initiating programmed cell death by the apoptotic pathway. The metabolic analysis revealed that the treated cancer cells showed reduced metabolic activity compared to the control group (P < 0.001)
A Acylhydrazone Compound A5 Promotes Neurogenesis by Up-regulating Neurogenesis-related Genes and Inhibiting Cell-cycle Progression in Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells
Authors: Xiang Xiaoliang , Jiang Xia , Lin Hongwei , Yu Meixing , Wu Liming , Zhou Rong
Published: April 2024

Adult neurogenesis involves generation of functional neurons from neural progenitor cells, which have the potential to complement and restore damaged neurons and neural circuits. Therefore, the development of drugs that stimulate neurogenesis represents a promising strategy in stem cell therapy and neural regeneration, greatly facilitating the reconstruction of neural circuits in cases of neurodegeneration and brain injury. Our study reveals that compound A5, previously designed and synthesized by our team, exhibits remarkable neuritogenic activities, effectively inducing neurogenesis in neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs). Subsequently, transcriptome analysis using high-throughput Illumina RNA-seq technology was performed to further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms by which compound A5 promotes neurogenesis. Notably, comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the up-regulated genes were mainly associated with neurogenesis and the down-regulated genes were mainly concerned with cell cycle progression. Furthermore, we confirmed that compound A5 significantly affected the expression of transcription factors related to neurogenesis and cell cycle regulatory proteins. Collectively, these findings identify a new compound with neurogenic activity and may provide insights into drug discovery for neural repair and regeneration.
二语水平对汉语悲伤通感隐喻认知的影响研究
Authors: Haiting Cheng
Published: April 2024

In this study, Chinese songs containing sadness metaphors were used as experimental materials to investigate the relationship between the level of bilingualism and the perception of Chinese sadness metaphors. Native Chinese speakers perceived sadness more highly in songs with lyrics, but Chinese bilinguals' perception of sadness was not affected by the presence or absence of lyrics. Highly proficient Chinese bilinguals perceived the Chinese sadness metaphor to a relatively higher degree. This study suggests that in Chinese language teaching, especially cultural teaching, teachers can use the sadness inducing effect of sad tunes on listeners to assist students from different cultural backgrounds to understand and remember and use relevant expressions with sadness emotion metaphors in Chinese.
语序类型学视角下语言背景为英语、泰语、哈萨克语和吉尔吉斯语的汉语学习者汉语介词框架“在+N/NP+上/中”习得的偏误分析
Authors: Sapermsup Noramon
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the impact of language types on the second language learning. Research studies, especially, from the perspective of the type of word order in the sentences. The author compares VO (English and Thai) and OV (Kazakh and Kyrgyz) with their respective structures of prepositional frames. “At+N/NP+above/middle” in Chinese by analyzing the distinctive characteristics of each types between them. Then, propose an assumption about the relationship between different word ordering and mistakes in word order. The research results show that, in terms of word order in the sentences, although the Kazakh and Kyrgyz languages are greatly different from English and Thai, it shows similar mistakes of the VO language. This shows that the mistakes are not only related to the language type between the mother tongue and the target language. They are also related to the types of other languages they have studied before; Finally, this article provides recommendations for teaching and learning to help better understand the complexities of language learning, especially, the comparison and influence between different language types.
Accuracy and Clinical Outcomes of Fluoroscopy-Guided and Robotic-Assisted Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation Performed by a Single Surgeon at a Single Center
Authors: Lee Jong Hyeok , Son Dong Wuk , Oh Bu Kwang , Lee Jun Seok , Lee Su Hun , Kim Young Ha , Sung Soon Ki , Lee Sang Weon , Song Geun Sung , Kim Chang Hyeun , Lee Chi Hyung , Yi Seong
Published: April 2024

Objective: Fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (FGPSF) and its further development, robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw fixation (RAPSF), are minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) techniques. FGPSF is a standard technique at our hospital, and RAPSF incorporating artificial intelligence has been performed at our hospital since October 2021. This study compared these 2 techniques and analyzed their differences, accuracy, and clinical outcomes based on our experiences.Methods: This study conducted a detailed analysis of screw accuracy and the clinical outcomes of 2 MISS techniques, FGPSF, and RAPSF. Screw accuracy was evaluated using the Gertzbein and Robbins scale, categorizing placements into grades A–E, with grades A and B considered clinically acceptable. Accuracy was assessed using postoperative computed tomography images for FGPSF and intraoperative O-arm scan images for RAPSF. Clinical outcomes were compared by examining parameters, such as hospitalization duration, C-reactive protein (CRP) normalization period, estimated blood loss (EBL), and preoperative/postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) scores. Screw-related complications were reviewed. Independent image evaluations by nonparticipating spine specialists ensured objective and reliable assessments.Results: Both FGPSF and RAPSF demonstrated high rates of clinically acceptable screw placement, with minimal breaches that required no repositioning. The clinically acceptable rates of FGPSF and RAPSF were similar (99.17% and 99.19%, respectively). Both groups also demonstrated similar clinical outcomes. The CRP normalization period, EBL, and ΔVAS (preoperative—postoperative) scores revealed no statistically significant differences between FGPSF and RAPSF. Neither group experienced screw-related complications; however, the RAPSF group exhibited a statistically significant shorter hospital stay than the FGPSF group.Conclusion: This study compared the accuracy and clinical outcomes of FGPSF and RAPSF. Both methods demonstrated no significant differences in accuracy or clinical outcomes. Spine surgeons selected between the 2 methods based on individual patient needs, and additional research is required to fully understand the practical advantages of each technique in the clinical field.
Tax structure and public sector efficiency: new evidence for developing countries
Authors: Menescal Lucas , Alves José
Published: April 2024

This study examines the effects of the tax structure composition for public sector efficiency in a sample of 41 developing countries for the period between 1997–2019. We start by calculating Public Sector Performance (PSP) composite indicators and use them as outputs to compute Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) efficiency scores under different orientation setups. After using a general-to-specific approach to identify the most determinant variables, we analyze the relevance of different taxes for public efficiency in a panel regression specification. We find that tax effects are significantly different depending on the orientation of DEA scores. Notably, we observe that taxation presents stronger detrimental effects to input-oriented scores in comparison to output-oriented, and that Opportunity PSP indicators seem more affected by property taxes and working contributions, while Musgravian PSP indicators are more closely related to individual and corporate income taxes. Our results allow us to provide policy recommendations regarding tax structures to improve efficiency on the provision of public goods and services.
JEL: C14, C23, H11, H21, H50
Why Does Interpersonal Violence Persist?
Authors: Lenz Gabriel , Mikkelborg Anna , Larsen Martin Vinæs
Published: April 2024

Why do high rates of interpersonal violence sometimes persist despite the presence of a strong state? We argue that this is because individuals who grow up in unsafe places learn to distrust criminal justice institutions, such as police, and to rely on themselves and their family for protection. Even if institutions improve, they persist in these self-defense habits. To examine the empirical viability of this argument, we study millions of internal white US migrants. We find that migrants from historically unsafe states carry much of their risk of violent death with them, including the risk of police violence. They do so even when compared to similar migrants living in the same region. In a large-scale national survey, we find that they distrust law enforcement and are more likely to rely on themselves for protection in dangerous situations. Our results have implications for which strategies governments could adopt to reduce violence.
MiRNA-449 family is epigenetically repressed and sensitizes to doxorubicin through ACSL4 downregulation in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Eroles Pilar , Torres-Ruiz Sandra , Garrido-Cano Iris , Lameirinhas Ana , Burgués Octavio , Hernando Cristina , Martínez María Teresa , Rojo Federico , Bermejo Begoña , Tapia Marta , Carbonell-Asins Juan Antonio , Peña Carlos Javier , Lluch Ana , Cejalvo Juan Miguel , Tormo Eduardo
Published: April 2024

Despite progress in the breast cancer treatment, a significant portion of patients still relapse as a consequence of drug resistance. The involvement of microRNAs in cancer progression and chemotherapy response is well established. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the dysregulation of the microRNA-449 family (specifically, microRNA-449a, microRNA-449b-5p, and microRNA-449c-5p) and its impact on resistance to the commonly used chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in triple-negative breast cancer. We found that the microRNA-449 family is downregulated in triple-negative breast cancer and demonstrated its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Besides, our findings indicate that the downregulation of the microRNA-449 family is mediated by the microRNAs-449/SIRT1-HDAC1 negative feedback loop. Moreover, it was found that the microRNA-449 family dysregulates the fatty acid metabolism by targeting ACSL4, which is a potential prognostic biomarker and mediated doxorubicin response through regulation of the drug extrusion pump ABCG2. Altogether, our results suggest that the microRNA-449 family might be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer once it is implicated in doxorubicin response through ACSL4/ABCG2 axis regulation. Besides, our results also highlight the value of microRNAs-449 and ACSL4 as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer.
Hamster Model of Severe COVID-19 Demonstrates Differential Efficacy of first Licensed Western Vaccines in the Absence of Immunopathogenesis
Authors: Mühlebach Michael , Ebenig Aileen , Lange Mona , Serra Michelle Gellhorn , Kupke Alexandra , Plesker Roland , Maier Thorsten
Published: April 2024

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines have been developed, tested and approved in less than one year. Four vaccines using two technology platforms were authorized early in Europe and the US. Comirnaty and Spikevax are mRNA-based, whereas Jcovden and Vaxzevria utilize adenoviral vectors (AdV). We already described a hamster model of severe COVID-19, in which vaccine-associated immunopathogenesis can be induced by Alum-adjuvanted Spike protein. Such animals were vaccinated here with the early authorized vaccines, challenged, and examined for immunopathogenesis in comparison to Alum+S-vaccinated or naïve hamster after challenge. All vaccinated hamsters produced antibodies binding (bAb) to SARS-CoV-2 Spike, while neutralizing antibodies (nAb) were induced only by the authorized vaccines. Among those, uniform induction of nAbs by mRNA vaccines needed a second dose. Using AdV-based vaccines, nAbs were mostly abundant after just one vaccination, but boostability was low. Upon challenge, Alum+S immunized animals were not protected and developed VAERD. In contrast, all authorized vaccines protected from severe disease, but transient initial weight loss was observed. In accordance with lower nAb titers, a tendency for higher weight loss became evident with Vaxzevria. Histopathology revealed less tissue damage after immunization with the authorized vaccines, with two animals revealing unaffected, healthy lungs. No live virus was detectable in lung tissue in those vaccine groups, except for one animal with Vaxzevria. Our data reveal absence of induction of VAERD by the authorized vaccines in a susceptible hamster model, while the induced immune responses and observed degree of protection seem to match the clinical vaccine efficacy.
A Sovereign Debts and Gdp in Piigs Countries: A Panel Smooth Transition Approach
Authors: Djaballah Mustapha
Published: April 2024

It occurred at the end of 2008, and its effects quickly reached many countries in record time and exploded as a public debt in the European Union and the Eurozone. The countries most affected by this financial crisis were Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain which were named as PIIGS countries in Europe. The impact of public debt on economic growth in PIIGS countries is analyzed in this study. This paper focused on arriving at empirical evidence of the existence of a non-linear effect of external debt on GDP in PIIGS countries This study used panel data models using non-linear panel threshold regression (PSTR) approaches for a sample of European countries represented by PIIGS From 1990 to 2022. Several conclusions were drawn from this study. First, the use of a regime switching test based on the Hansen approach confirmed the existence of a non-linear relationship between external debt and GDP and the analysis showed that the threshold and its effect do not vary with the level of economic development. In the mentioned countries, in addition, the results showed a negative impact of external debt on the growth of these countries, mainly due to the size of the debt and the structural deficit in the balance of payments and the primary budget.
JEL Classification : C21 C33 C58 H63 E62
Neopestalotiopsis asiatica strain CP1 Causing Leaf Blight on Zedoary Turmeric in Guangxi, China
Authors: Li Shanshan , Long Meimei , Luo Yaqi , Cheng QiangYi , Huang LiGuo , Sun Xianchao , He Lin , Ma Guan Hua
Published: April 2024

Background
Zedoary turmeric (Curcuma phaeocaulis), a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicines in Guangxi Province, holds immense significance. Regrettably, the emergence of a novel leaf wilt in October 2017 has cast a pall over its production, leading to detrimental impacts on both yield and quality.
Results
By meticulous single-conidial isolation, this new pathogen was successfully extracted from ten diseased leaves. Subsequent confirmation of pathogenicity was achieved via the meticulous execution of Koch's postulates. In pursuit of accurate identification, morphological data were harmonized with a concatenated sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), translation elongation factor 1 (TEF), and β-tubulin (TUB) regions. This rigorous approach unveiled the pathogen as an Neopestalotiopsis asiatica, warranting the nomenclature Neopestalotiopsis asiatica strain CP.
Conclusions
This is the first description on Neopestalotiopsis asiatica as causal agent for leaf blight on zedoary turmeric. The ramifications of this pathogen's definitive identification and ongoing surveillance cannot be overstated, signifying a pivotal alert to zedoary turmeric cultivators in confronting this newfound peril.
Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery in Post-War Mekele, Ethiopia: An Application of the Three Delay Model to Explore Barriers to Care
Authors: Candelo Estephania , Asgedom Brhanu Haile , Wallerius Kate , gebremariam Selamawit gebrezgabiher , Niermeyer Weston L. , Useche Mateo , Vallecillo Tissiana , Asfaw Elyas , Green Katerina , Athni Tejas S. , Wiedermann Joshua
Published: April 2024

Background:
The three delays model, identifies three key stages to delays in care that can contribute to adverse outcomes: decision-making to seek care, accessing healthcare facilities, and receiving appropriate medical care. However, the application of this model in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery (OHNS) and in a human conflict environment has not been examined. This study aims to explore the impact of each delay type within the OHNS population in post-war Mekelle, Ethiopia. By investigating these delays, the study seeks to uncover strategies for reducing delays and improving outcomes in the management of OHNS pathology for this and similar environments.
Methods:
This study was conducted during a 3-week short term OHNS surgical trip in Mekele, Ethiopia, following a 2 year war. A total of 105 patients attending the OHNS clinic were identified and given verbal interviews and semi-structured questionnaires. The three delays model was applied to analyze the data collected, focusing on the following aspects: 1) decision to seek care, 2) reaching care, and 3) receiving care.
Results:
A total of 105 patients were included in the analysis, with 100% (105/105) experiencing type 1 delays (decision to seek care), 75% experiencing type 2 delays (75/105) and an additional 77% (77/105) facing type 3 delays (receiving appropriate care after reaching health care facility). More than half of the patients encountered delays in all three types. Various factors contributed to type 3 delays, including multiple delays at the time of admission, drug shortages, non-availability of skilled staff, and incompetence. Cost of transportation emerged as the primary factor contributing to type 2 delays.
Conclusion:
The findings provide valuable insights into the specific delays experienced by patients seeking OHNS services in a post-war setting and inform potential strategies for improving healthcare delivery in similar contexts.
Examining Labor in the Upright Positioning with a Low-Dose Epidural: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Phillipi Michael , Packer Claire , Chaiken Sarina R , Hersh Alyss R , Caughey Aaron B
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To estimate the outcomes, costs, and cost-effectiveness associated with birthing in the upright position compared to the recumbent position in patients with a low-dose epidural.
Methods: We designed a decision-analytic model using TreeAge Pro software to compare the outcomes and cost-effectiveness of employing the upright versus recumbent position during the first delivery with a low-dose epidural, incorporating the impact of mode of delivery on a subsequent delivery. We used a theoretical cohort of 756,000 patients, representing the approximate number of nulliparous individuals who have a term birth in the United States annually and are given an epidural. Probabilities and costs were derived from the literature.
Results: In our theoretical cohort of 756,000 nulliparous individuals with a low-dose epidural, the recumbent positioning strategy was associated with 18,652 fewer cesarean deliveries in the first pregnancy (66,210 vs 84,862), which would lead to 11,228 fewer cesarean deliveries in the second pregnancy (135,787 vs 147,015), 4 fewer uterine ruptures (15 vs 19) and 1 fewer hysterectomy (4 vs 5) in the second pregnancy, 2 fewer maternal deaths (23 vs 25) in the first delivery, and 1 fewer maternal death in the second delivery (26 vs 27). Laboring in the recumbent position saved $157 million ($15.526 billion vs $15.683 billion) and increased QALYs by 2,141 QALYs (19.846 million vs 19.844 million).
Conclusion: Our results show that in a theoretical cohort of 756,000 patients, laboring in the recumbent position may save $157 million annually and improve maternal outcomes.
Effects of neighbourhood characteristics on the distribution of vacant houses in satellite cities: a case study of Toda City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Liu Qiyuan , Sho Kojiro , Corcoran Jonathan , Ando Naomi
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the under-explored relationship between vacant house distribution and neighbourhood characteristics in satellite cities, using Toda City in Saitama Prefecture as a case study. We analysed ten neighbourhood characteristics encompassing living convenience, housing supply, and policy support. Using various databases primarily derived from the 3D city model of PLATEAU, we proposed a two-step methodology integrating the global and local Moran’s I analysis to test the normality of the spatial distribution of vacant houses. We incorporated linear correlation, multiple regression, and multiscale geographically weighted regression to verify the effective factors of neighbourhood characteristics on vacant houses. Our findings reveal a significant positive correlation between the area ratio of supermarkets to vacant houses, while road adjacency conditions show a significant negative correlation with vacant houses. Our study addresses how these neighbourhood characteristics might be dominant considering the context of the satellite cities.
A new understanding of the mechanism controlling water inflow into mines based on the stratigraphic distribution beneath major aquifers through a case study of the Yijun Formation in the Binchang mining area, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: XU Jinpeng , Liu Baojie , Chen Mingyue , Yao Hua
Published: April 2024

The Binchang mining area is located in the southern Ordos Basin. The water inflow in mines and working faces is considerable due to the Jurassic aquifers and thick Cretaceous aquifer above the coal seams. The water inflow into mines caused by the thick Cretaceous aquifer is considerable, and the mechanism controlling the mine water inflow is still unknown. This case study is based on the mine water inflowand the thickness of the Yijun Formation in the Binchang mining area and reveals a significant correlation between the mine water inflow and the overlying major aquifers. A qualitative analysis was performed to study the relationship between the sedimentary facies and the distribution of mine water inflow in the Tingnan Coal Mine. A random forest (RF) model was applied to identify the key factors affecting the water inflow at working faces. The analysis results showed that in addition to the aquifer characteristics, the water inflow at working faces is negatively correlated with the sedimentary thickness of the Yijun Formation, and the thickness has the greatest influence on the distribution of water inflow. Furthermore, the Yijun Formation is not only an important aquifuge but also determines the bottom morphology of the Luohe Formation, which is an important aquifer. The area with a thin Yijun Formation is also the catchment area at the bottom of the Luohe Formation. This case study first reveals that the underlying strata have an important influence on the sedimentary environment and water abundance of the upper aquifer. The relationships and findings in this case study can provide helpful references for the prevention and control of mine water in similar mining areas.
Stability Assessment of Housekeeping Genes for qRT-PCR in Yersinia enterocolitica Cultured at 22℃ and 37℃
Authors: Li Chuchu , Zhou Lu , Ma Xiaoxuan , Zhu Liguo , Li Jia , Meng Lingning , Han Mei , Wang Danwei , Shen Han , Liu Chang
Published: April 2024

Background:
Yersinia enterocolitica, a species within the genus Yersinia, thrives optimally at 22–25°C but can also grow at mammalian core body temperature of 37°C. This dual temperature adaptability necessitates the establishment of both temperature conditions in research to examine the effects on various biological inquiries. In quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays, the selection of appropriate housekeeping genes is vital for data accuracy. Nevertheless, the paucity of alternatives and information frequently leads to the default use of the 16s rRNA gene, despite potential limitations.
Methodology:
This investigation sourced 16 potential reference genes through a comprehensive review of the literature and transcriptome sequencing data analysis. We validated the expression stability of these genes via qRT-PCR across 12 Y. enterocolitica strains, representing the four prevalent serotypes O:3, O:5,27, O:8, and O:9, isolated from diarrheal patient stool samples. This approach aimed to minimize the impact of serotype heterogeneity. Post-acquisition of Cq values, gene stability was evaluated using four established algorithms—∆Cq, geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper—and subsequently synthesized into a consolidated ranking through the Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) method.
Conclusion:
Our study suggests that the genes glnS, nuoB, glmS, gyrB, dnaK, and thrS maintain consistent expression across varying culture temperatures, endorsing them as robust housekeeping gene candidates. We advise against the exclusive use of 16s rRNA for this purpose. Should tradition prevail in its utilization, it must be employed with discernment, preferably alongside one or two of the housekeeping genes identified in this study as internal controls.
Fungal community characteristics of the last remaining habitat of three paphiopedilum species in China
Authors: Tian Li , An Mingtai , Liu Feng , Zhang Yang
Published: April 2024

Background: Paphiopedilum armeniacum, Paphiopedilum wenshanense and Paphiopedilum emersonii are critically endangered wild orchids. The population is threatened, and the number of natural distribution sites has plummeted. Ex situ conservation and artificial breeding are the keys to maintaining the population to ensure the success of ex situ conservation and field return in the future. The habitat characteristics and soil nutrient information of the last remaining wild distribution sites of the three species were studied. ITS high-throughput sequencing was used to reveal the composition and structure of the soil fungal community, analyze its diversity and functional characteristics, and reveal its relationship with soil nutrients.
Results: The three species preferred to grow on low-lying, ventilated and shaded negative terrain with good water drainage. There were significant differences in soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus among the three species. There were 336 fungal species detected in the samples. On average, there were different dominant groups in the soil fungal communities of the three species. The functional groups of soil fungi in the habitats were dominated by saprophytic fungi and ectomycorrhizae, with significant differences in diversity and structure. The co-occurrence network of habitat soil fungi was mainly positive. Soil pH significantly affected soil fungal diversity in the habitats of the three paphiopedilum species. The study and analysis confirmed that the dominant groups of soil fungi were significantly correlated with soil nutrients.
Conclusion: The three species have similar habitat preferences, but there are significant differences in soil fungal composition, community structure and diversity. The functional group of fungi contains abundant saprophytic fungi, ectomycorrhizae, and a small amount of orchid mycorrhizae. The symbiotic relationships of the three species of soil fungi were harmonious, which was conducive to resistance to adverse environments. Soil environmental factors were significantly correlated with soil fungal communities, and pH significantly controlled fungal diversity. Our study on the habitat characteristics and soil fungal communities of the three wild paphiopedilum species laid a foundation for future ex situ conservation and field return work.
Development of a Vibration-Damping, Sound-Insulating, and Heat-Insulating Porous Sphere Foam System and its Application in Green Buildings
Authors: Hua Shi , Okello Moses Oyaro , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2024

With the development of green buildings, people pay more attention to quality of indoor sound environment, air sound insulation performance of floors and exterior walls plays a key role in today's green buildings. The thermal performance of the enclosure structure of floor and exterior wall heat transfer resistance, is an important factor in reducing building carbon emissions in green buildings. Therefore, in order to effectively ensure the improvement of the air sound insulation performance of exterior walls and floors, the sound insulation performance of floor impact, and the thermal performance of exterior walls and floors, a sound insulation and thermal insulation carbon porous ball foaming system is designed and applied in practical engineering. The changes in sound insulation and thermal insulation performance of buildings under different working conditions are analyzed, and the feasibility research conclusions of this material system to change the sound insulation and energy savings of green buildings are summarized.
Mapping the extent of the literature and psychometric properties for the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) in community-dwelling older adults: A scoping review
Authors: D’Amore Cassandra , Lajambe Lexie , Bush Noah , Hiltz Sydney , Laforest Justin , Viel Isabella , Hao Qiukui , Beauchamp Marla
Published: April 2024

Background: Identifying valid and accessible tools for monitoring and improving physical activity levels is essential for promoting functional ability and healthy aging. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) is a commonly used and recommended self-report measure of physical activity in older adults. The objective of this scoping review was to map the nature and extent to which the PASE has been used in the literature on older adults, including the evidence for its psychometric properties.
Methods: Seven electronic databases (MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), AMED (Ovid), Emcare (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Ageline (EBSCO)) were searched in January 2023. Studies were included if physical activity was part of the aim(s) and measured using the PASE, participants had a mean age of 60 years or older and lived in the community, and papers were published in English. Pairs of independent reviewers screened abstracts, full-texts, and extracted data. Where possible, weighted mean PASE scores were calculated for different subgroups based on age, sex, and clinical population.
Results: From 4,124 studies screened, 232 articles from 35 countries met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were cross-sectional (60.78%), completed in high-income countries (86.4%) and in North America (49.57%). A variety of clinical conditions were included (n=21), with the most common populations being osteoarthritis (n=13), Parkinson’s disease (n=11), and cognitive impairment (n=7). Psychometric properties of ten versions of the PASE were found. All versions demonstrated acceptable test-retest reliability. Evidence for construct validity showed moderate correlations with self-reported physical activity, fair to moderate with accelerometry derived activity and fair relationships with physical function and self-reported health. Pooled means were reported in graphs and forest plots for males, females, age groups, and several clinical populations.
Conclusion: The PASE was widely used in a variety of clinical populations and geographical locations. The PASE has been culturally adapted to several populations and evaluated for its reliability and convergent validity; however, further research is required to examine responsiveness and predictive validity. Researchers can use the weighted mean PASE scores presented in this study to help interpret PASE scores in similar populations.
OSF registration: osf.io/7bvhx
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi elevate maize plant tolerance to Antimony, enhancing the nutritive value of seeds
Authors: Zrig Ahlem , Jerbi Ahmed , Labrecque Michel , Hammouda Foued , Sheteiwy Mohamed S. , Okla Mohammad K. , Alaraidh Ibrahim A. , Ahmed Enas S. , Abdelgawad Hamada
Published: April 2024

The rise in industrial activity has resulted in an escalating threat antimony (Sb) buildups and biomagnifications in both plants and humans. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been thoroughly investigated as a soil enhancement due to their ability to decrease the accumulation of many heavy metals in plant tissues. However, a quantitative and data-based consensus has yet to be reached on the effect of AMF application on maize plants, focusing on plant growth, nutrient content, and antioxidant properties in maize grains subjected to antimony treatment. A notable decrease in AMF-related parameters, including colonization, hyphal length, and arbuscules, was noted when AMF was combined with Sb compared to AMF alone. The AMF treatment alone enhanced plant growth, as indicated by the increased fresh and dry biomass, while Sb treatment alone reduced substantially the total fresh (66%) and dray weight (65%). However, combining AMF with Sb resulted in significant variations in macro- and micronutrients in maize grains. Notably, the combined AMF and Sb treatment influenced the nutritional value of maize grains, showing increased levels of organic acids, amino acids, and fatty acids compared to control. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of maize grains was enhanced by AMF inoculation, as indicated by high levels of polyphenols (39%), flavonoids (63%), ascorbic acid (ASC) (71%), and glutathione (GSH) (28%) content as response to Sb application. Also, a 33% rise in total tocopherol was noted, reflecting comparable upward trends. These findings suggest that the co-application of AMF and Sb can positively influence maize nutritional quality and antioxidant properties of maize grains, offering benefits for sustainable agricultural practices.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis with panretinal occlusive vasculopathy concealed by Posner– Schlossman syndrome: a case report
Authors: Jeong Seongyong
Published: April 2024

Background
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is a rare disease, and its overlapping manifestation involving anterior segment is extremely uncommon. We report a case that initially presented Posner-Schlossman syndrome (PSS) and was later diagnosed with CMV retinitis.
Case presentation
A 72-year-old man visited tertiary hospital with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) in his right eye. At initial presentation, IOP was 36 mmHg and the fundus was not clear due to corneal edema. The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM). A panretinal obstructive vasculopathy was observed on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography. Three weeks later, trabeculectomy was performed to resolve the persistent high IOP. Once the cornea edema improved, a white patch-like peripheral lesion and silver wire-like retinal vasculature were observed. Aqueous tapping for polymerase chain reaction was positive for CMV. Oral valganciclovir and intravitreal ganciclovir were administered as anti-viral therapy. Despite treatment for four months, the final visual acuity was no light perception with bullous keratopathy and neovascularization on iris.
Conclusions
We described a rare case of simultaneous occurrence of PSS and CMV retinitis. The presence of PAMM could be an initial identifiable sign for CMV retinitis, even when media opacity is present.
A novel machining method using an internal skiving cutter with multiple inserts to manufacture ZC cylindrical worm
Authors: Tran Thi Thanh-Hai , Trong Thuan Luu , Hoang Minh Thuan
Published: April 2024

The cylindrical worm is usually manufactured by generating methods, such as hobbing and whirling; however, the aforementioned methods are restricted to manufactured time and control machining profile with stock. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel machining process designed for ZC concave worms, simultaneously enhancing machining efficiency and profile control ability. Accordingly, a skiving cutter with multiple inserts on an internal helical gear tooth is proposed. A curve-fitting model of the generating rack is first illustrated to generate the ZC worm flanks when considering grinding stock conveniently. The position of the cutting edge is then analyzed via the geometry of an internal barrel worm to ensure non-interference during the cutting process. In addition, the insert body is generated based on the helicoid motion of the cutting edge. Subsequently, it also presents a machining process to grind the insert body. Furthermore, the skiving process employing multiple inserts on a multi-axis CNC machine is presented. Finally, the meshing and boundary points of the cutting trajectory are concurrently defined during the skiving process. The numerical and virtual experimental results demonstrate the high precision and absence of overcutting in skived worm profiles.