bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uji Coba Proses Daur Ulang Limbah Cair ATC (Alkali Treated Cottonii) Dengan Teknik Koagulasi dan Filtrasi
Authors: Sedayu Bakti Berlyanto , Basmal Jamal , Fithriani Diini
Published: July 2017

Industri pengolahan alkali treated cottonii (ATC) menghasilkan limbah cair yang sangat besar. Pendaur ulangan limbah cair akan mengefisienkan penggunaan air untuk pengolahan sekaligus mengurangi masalah pencemaran lingkungan. Untuk itu dilakukan ujicoba proses daur ulang limbah cair ATC menggunakan alat yang dirancang oleh Balai Besar Riset Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan yang berkapasitas 360 liter/jam. Pengolahan limbah cair dilakukan dengan teknik koagulasi dan filtrasi. Proses koagulasi dilakukan dengan penambahan bahan koagulan tawas (Al 2(SO4)3 ) dan flokulan blok di dalam tangki koagulasi, sedangkan filtrasi dilakukan dengan melewatkan limbah melalui kolom zeolit‑arang aktif dan filter selulosa asetat. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap limbah cair dan air hasil olahan yang meliputi total padatan terlarut (Total Dissolved Solids/TDS), total padatan anorganik terlarut (Total Inorganic Dissolved Solids/TIDS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, kekeruhan, bau, dan warna limbah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan limbah cair ATC dapat menurunkan jumlah TDS, TIDS dan BOD hingga 56,60%, 32,29%, dan 60,66%, meskipun kemampuan alat filtrasi menggunakan kolom zeolit‑arang aktif menurun seiring dengan banyaknya proses daur ulang yang dilakukan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan juga bahwa proses daur ulang limbah cair ATC mampu menurunkan nilai pH, kekeruhan, bau, dan warna limbah. Dengan pengolahan tersebut limbah cair dapat didaur ulang hingga 5 kali untuk proses pengolahan ATC berikutnya.
Penapisan Bakteri Penghasil Enzim Kitosanase Yang Berasosiasi Dengan Spons Laut
Authors: Chasanah Ekowati , Fawzya Yusro Nuri , Pratitis Asri , Nurhayati Tati
Published: July 2017

Informasi pasar dunia menunjukkan bahwa 50% keperluan dunia akan produk turunan kitin, digunakan untuk produk suplemen kesehatan. Untuk menunjang proses produksi kitosan yang bersifat ramah lingkungan dan aman untuk konsumsi manusia, maka enzim pendegradasi kitin/ kitosan sangat berperan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bakteri penghasil enzim pendegradasi kitosan dari spons. Spons dipilih karena biota laut tersebut dikenal kaya akan senyawa bioaktif dan sebagian besar masa tubuhnya didominasi oleh bakteri. Dari 24 spons, telah berhasil diisolasi 86 isolat bakteri dan 22 di antaranya menghasilkan enzim pendegradasi kitin, termasuk di antaranya enzim kitosanase. Berdasarkan pada nilai indeks kitinolitik (IK) dan waktu produksi enzim, isolat KBJ 12 SB telah dipilih sebagai isolat penghasil kitosanase. lsolat tersebut menghasilkan enzim kitosanase maksimal pada hari ke‑5, dengan aktivitas enzim sebesar 0,797 U/mg. Enzim kitosanase yang dihasilkan bekerja optimal pada suhu 60 0C dan pH 8. Enzim stabil pada suhu 370C dengan sisa aktivitas > 50% ketika diinkubasi selama 90 menit. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa bakteri KBJ 12 SB memiliki sifat mirip dengan jenis Bacillus sp.
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN TULANG IKAN TUNA (Thunnus albacares) DALAM LARUTAN NaOH TERHADAP KUALITAS GELATIN HASIL OLAHANNYA
Authors: Tazwir Tazwir , Amiruldin Musfiq , Kusumawati Rinta
Published: July 2017

Gelatin tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus albaceres) dengan kualitas baik seringkali sulit diperoleh, karena kebanyakan produk ini mengandung lemak dan protein non kolagen yang cukup tinggi. Dalam memproduksi gelatin tulang tuna, lemak, dan protein non kolagen tersebut harus direduksi hingga batas minimum. Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari pengaruh perendaman tulang ikan tuna dalam larutan NaOH sebelum ekstraksi terhadap kualitas gelatin yang dihasilkan. Tahapan yang dilakukan adalah degreasing, pencucian, perendaman dalam NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi 0; 0,4; dan 0,8%, kemudian perendaman dalam HCl, ekstraksi, filtrasi, evaporasi, dan pengeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik gelatin yang terbaik diperoleh dari perendaman tulang dalam NaOH 0,4%, yaitu dengan nilai rendemen 8,37%; viskositas 3,27-3,37 cPs; pH 5,03; dan kekuatan gel 157,8 g Bloom gel strength.
ANALISIS DEREPLIKASI UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA ANTIBAKTERI SPONGE Axinella sp. DARI PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN KARIMUNJAWA
Authors: Januar Hedi Indra , Motti Cherie , Tapiolas Dianne , Wright Anthony D.
Published: July 2017

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa antibakteri pada Axinella sp. yang diambil dari kepulauan Karimunjawa dengan metode dereplikasi menggunakan LCMS (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometer) dan FT-MS (Fourier Transfer Mass Spectrometer). Data pola spektra massa dan LC-MS menunjukkan adanya tiga senyawa terbrominasi yang mungkin memiliki bioakfivitas antibakteri. Analisis massa akurat (limit kesalahan di bawah 20 ppm) menggunakan FT-MS menemukan bahwa ketiga senyawa tersebut memliki monosotop negatif (M-H) pada m/z 321,9931 [senyawa (a)]; m/z 383,9089 [senyawa (b)]; dan m/z 385,9249 [senyawa (c)]. Analisis komposisi kimia dari besaran massa tersebut yang menggunakan Elemental Composition Calculator menemukan bahwa komposisi kimia dari ketiga senyawa tersebut adalah C11H10N5O2Br (a), C11H9N5Br2 (b) dan C11H11Br2N5O (c). Penelusuran struktur kima yang didasarkan pada komposisi tersebut di database MarinLit 2008 (Database struktur kimia senyawa-senyawa dari biota laut) menemukan bahwa ketiga senyawa tersebut merupakan hymeniadisine (a), 3-bromohymenialdiside (b), dan dibromophakelin (c).
UJI UNJUK KERJA EVAPORATOR TIPE FALLING FILM EFEK TUNGGAL UNTUK PEMEKATAN GELATIN IKAN
Authors: Harianto Harianto , Sujai M. , Tazwir Tazwir , Peranginangin Rosmawaty
Published: July 2017

Pengujian unjuk kerja telah dilakukan pada prototipe evaporator tipe lapisan tipis jatuh (falling film) efek tunggal untuk memekatkan larutan gelatin yang dibuat dari kulit ikan tuna. Bahan pengujian adalah larutan gelatin sebanyak 180 liter dengan padatan total awal 3,5% kamudian dipekatkan dalam evaporator dengan laju air masuk 84 liter/jam. Evaporator ini dioperasikan pada tekanan vakum sekitar 2,5 cmHg pada suhu penguapan bahan 55ºC dari sumber panas uap (steam boiler) dengan tekanan 2,5-4,0 kg/cm². Rata-rata suhu bahan yang masuk ke evaporator adalah 32ºC. Larutan yang telah melalui permukaan evaporasi dikembalikan lagi ke tangki umpan dan dievaporasikan lagi secara berulang-ulang (sirkulasi) sampai larutan menjadi kental yang tampak seperti madu. Akhir evaporasi manghasilkan volume produk sebanyak 30 liter dengan padatan total 9,1% yang diselesaikan dalam waktu 5 jam. Dengan demikian kapasitas evaporator ini adalah 30 liter air teruapkan per jam dan tingkat ekonomi uap adalah 0,78 liter air teruapkan dari bahan per kg uap pemanas yang digunakan. Luas permukaan evaporasi dari evaporator ini adalah 1,67 m², dengan menggunakan persamaan pindah panas dan neraca entalpi didapatkan koefisien pindah panas keseluruhan sebesar 668 W/m² ºC. Konsumsi bahan bakar dari evaporator ini adalah 3,58 liter/jam atau 0,12 liter minyak tanah per liter air teruapkan sehingga efisiensi energi bahan bakar evaporator ini sebesar 60%. Konsumsi energi listrik pada pengujian ini 34,7 kWh, dengan demikian efisiensi energi keseluruhan dari evaporator ini action 50%.
PRODUKSI KITOOLIGOSAKARIDA MENGGUNAKAN SELULASE DARI Trichoderma reesei DAN BIOAKTIVITASNYA SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI
Authors: Fawzya Yusro Nuri , Sihotang Manuntun Yohanes , Syarmalina Syarmalina , Pratitis Asri
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini merupakan sebagian dari rangkaian penelitian mengenai eksplorasi enzimenzim kitinolitik mikroba dan aplikasinya untuk pembuatan oligomer kitosan (kitooligosakarida) serta uji bioaktivitasnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kemampuan antibakteri kitooligosakarida yang diproduksi dari kitosan dengan menggunakan enzim selulase non spesifik komersial dari Trichoderma reesei. Enzim ini ditentukan terlebih dahulu suhu dan pH optimumnya sebagai kitosanase, kemudian digunakan untuk menghidrolisis kitosan dengan konsentrasi 10, 13, dan 15 U/g kitosan, masing-masing selama 1, 2, dan 3 jam. Kitooligosakarida yang dihasilkan kemudian diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan khromatografi lapis tipis, dan diuji bioaktivitasnya sebagai antibakteri. Kitooligosakarida terpilih berdasarkan aktivitas antibakterinya kemudian diproduksi lagi untuk penentuan viskositas dan bobot molekulnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enzim selulase ini bekerja optimal sebagai enzim kitosanase pada suhu 60ºC dan pH 6. Identifikasi dengan menggunakan khromatografi lapis tipis menunjukkan bahwa kitooligosakarida yang dihasilkan dari semua perlakuan mengandung dimer, trimer, tetramer, dan pentamer. Kitooligosakarida tersebut mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus sampai dengan 84%, Salmonella typhosa sampai dengan 26%, Bacillus subtilis sampai dengan 15%, dan Escherichia coli sampai dengan 5,6%. Kitooligosakarida yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis menggunakan enzim ini pada 10 U/g kitosan selama 1 jam memiliki viskositas 2,15 cPs dan bobot molekul 323,76 Da.
PENGGUNAAN EKSTRAK TEH HIJAU (Camellia sinensis) SEBAGAI PENGHAMBAT PEMBENTUKAN HISTAMIN PADA IKAN SEBELUM DIOLAH
Authors: Heruwati Endang Sri , Ariyani Farida , Triwibowo Radestya , Rachmawati Novalia , Hermana Irma
Published: July 2017

Penelitian penggunaan ekstrak teh hijau (Camellia sinensis) sebagai penghambat pembentukan histamin pada ikan telah dilakukan. Ikan, terutama dari jenis skombroid, sangat rentan mengalami kerusakan karena terjadinya perubahan asam amino histidin yang terkandung dalam ikan menjadi senyawa histamin yang bersifat alergen, yang dikatalisasi oleh enzim histamin dekarboksilase (HDC). Teh hijau diketahui mengandung polifenol berupa senyawa epigalokatekingalat (EGCG) yang merupakan penghambat enzim HDC, sehingga dekarboksilasi histidin menjadi histamin dapat dicegah. Perendaman ikan tongkol dalarn ekstrak teh hijau pada konsentrasi 0, 2, dan 4% dilakukan selama 30 menit, diikuti dengan pernindangan dalam larutan gararn 15% selama 30 menit diteruskan dengan penyimpanan ikan pindang pada suhu kamar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan setiap hari selarna 4 hari penyimpanan untuk diamati perubahan mutu kimiawi (TVB dan kadar histarnin), mikrobiologi JPC dan bakteri pembentuk histamin), serta organoleptik (kenampakan, bau, tekstur, lendir, rasa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan yang direndam dalam ekstrak teh 4% mempunyai kadar histamin 21,3 ppm, jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan ikan yang direndam dalam ekstrak teh 2% dan 0% yang masing-masing mencapai 64,4 pprn dan 101,4 ppm. Penghambatan pembentukan histamin oleh ekstrak teh hijau masih terjadi selama penyimpanan, yang terlihat dari rendahnya jumlah bakteri pembentuk histarnin dan kadar histamin dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada penyimpanan hari ke-3, penghambatan pembentukan histamin oleh ekstrak teh hijau tidak efektif, kemungkinan karena terlalu tingginya jurnlah bakteri pembentuk histamin, yaitu mencapai 108 cfu/g.
PEMANFAATAN DAN PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI LAUT DAERAH GILI SULAT DAN GILI LAWANG
Authors: Huda Hakim Miftakhul , Sari Yesi Dewita
Published: July 2017

Tingginya intensitas aktivitas penangkapan ikan telah menyebabkan degradasi sumber daya ikan pada beberapa daerah penangkapan ikan. Salah satu langkah untuk menjaga keberlanjutan dan meminimalkan degradasi sumber daya ikan adalah membentuk kawasan konservasi laut daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah (KKLD) Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian menggunakan metode valuasi ekonomi sumber daya untuk menganalisis gabungan data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total nilai manfaat KKLD Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang adalah Rp 8,99 milyar per tahun yang meliputi manfaat langsung dan tidak langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengelolaan terhadap KKLD ditinjau dari biaya, aktor atau pelaku dan aktivitas pengelolaan sampai saat ini belum optimal. Penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya menyusun strategi pengelolaan yang tepat untuk mengoptimalkan maksud dan tujuan dibentuknya KKLD. Tittle:  Utilization and Management of The Gili Sulat and The Gili Lawang Regional Marine Conservation Area.Highly intensive of fishing activities lead to degradation of fish resources in some fishing grounds. One effort to maintain sustainability of fish resources and minimize its degradation is to establish local marine conservation areas. This study aims to analyze utilization and management of Gili Sulat-Gili Lawang local marine conservation areas (or locally known as KKLD) in Wes Nusa Tenggara Province. This study applies economic valuation methods to analyze combination of primary and secondary data. Results of this study show that annual total benefit values of Gili Sulat-Gili Gili Lawang KKLD is IDR 8,99 billion which includes direct and indirect benefits. In terms of costs, actors and management activities, current management of KKLD is less optimal. Therefore, this study recommends to develop appropriate management strategies to optimize the purposes of KKLD establishment.
PERAN PEREMPUAN BAJO DALAM RUMAH TANGGA PERIKANAN TANGKAP DI WURING, KECAMATAN ALOK BARAT, KABUPATEN SIKKA, PROPINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR
Authors: Nurlaili Nurlaili , Koeshendrajana Sonny
Published: July 2017

Kaum perempuan Bajo di Wuring, Sikka, Nusa Tenggara Timur sangat berperan dalam usaha penangkapan, pengolahan, dan pemasaran ikan hasil tangkapan. Fenomena unik ini tidak dijumpai pada masyarakat nelayan suku lain. Kajian ini membahas peran kaum perempuan Bajo dalam usaha perikanan dan sektor domestik yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober – November 2009 di daerah Wuring Lama, Kecamatan Alok Barat, Kabupaten Sikka, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus dengan mengumpulkan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa peranan perempuan Bajo sangat besar dalam keseluruhan proses melaut dilihat dari curahan waktu yang digunakan perempuan Bajo dalam sektor perikanan. Curahan waktu perempuan Bajo sebagai anak buah kapal (ABK) lampara sebanyak 14 jam per hari dan sebagai penjual ikan hasil tangkapan sebanyak 11 jam per hari. Tittle: Role of Bajo Women in Fisher’s Household of the Wuring, Alok Barat sub-District, Sikka District, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province.Bajo women in Wuring, Sika, East Nusa Tenggara play significant roles in capturing, processing, and marketing fisheries products. This exclusive phenomenon is not entitled to other fishing communities. This research examines role of Bajo women in fishing business and domestic sector that was held on October - November 2009 in the Wuring Lama in Wuring-Wolomarang village, Alok Western Sub-district, Sikka, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research use a case study method by applying observation and in-depth interviews for data collection. It applies a descriptive analysis. The results of this research show that significant roles of Bajo women in the whole fishing process based on flow of time spent of Bajo women in the fisheries sector. Time spent of Bajo women as member of fishing vessel crew is 14 hours per day as 11 hours per day as fish seller.
Formação docente: contribuições da diversificação dos instrumentos avaliativos
Authors: Nascimento Mari Clair Moro , Barbosa Raquel Lazari Leite , Oliveira Anelise Martinelli Borges de
Published: July 2017

Este estudo, com o objetivo de apresentar a diversidade de instrumentos avaliativos como um aspecto que pode favorecer a formação e a atuação de futuros professores, está embasado na abordagem qualitativa, sendo os dados coletados a partir de questionário. As informações adquiridas foram analisadas, categorizadas e quantificadas, tendo por fundamento a análise de conteúdo. O olhar se volta para a avaliação nos cursos de formação de professores, por acreditarmos que, se os futuros professores experienciarem a diversidade de instrumentos avaliativos, poderão ampliar seus conhecimentos a respeito do status da própria aprendizagem e da formação, valendo-se dessa prática quando estiverem no exercício da docência, tendo em vista favorecer a melhoria do conhecimento dos alunos com os quais estarão atuando no contexto da educação básica. A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2014, em uma turma do 2º ano, em um curso de Pedagogia cujo funcionamento ocorre em uma universidade pública situada no Estado do Paraná. Os dados possibilitaram perceber o portfólio e o mapa conceitual como os instrumentos avaliativos que mais proporcionaram aprendizagens, bem como a importância do feedback do professor aos alunos, por ser essencial a devolutiva acerca da qualidade das aprendizagens.
Dificuldades dos alunos com os registros de representação semiótica em aulas de física de uma escola brasileira de ensino médio: o x da questão
Authors: Tommasiello Maria Guiomar Carneiro , Dos Santos Luany Renata , Franzol Samara Dilio
Published: July 2017

Esse trabalho é parte de uma pesquisa em andamento (FAPESP: 2015-21973-2), que tem como foco o ensino de Física em escolas brasileiras de nível médio e o estudo dos registros de representação semiótica utilizados. Em aulas de Física foram observados os registros de representação semiótica mobilizados pelos professores e as suas articulações por meio do tratamento e da conversão. Na conversão de exercícios em língua natural para uma expressão algébrica, os alunos demonstram dificuldade em reconhecer os dados e suas respectivas representações, além de não reconhecerem o mesmo objeto matemático, no caso, a incógnita, representada por letras diferentes de X.
Transformações de representações visuais de múltiplos e divisores de um número
Authors: Montenegro Paula , Costa Cecília , Lopes Bernardino
Published: July 2017

A resolução de problemas é uma das capacidades matemáticas fundamentais e uma base para a aprendizagem de conceitos, procedimentos matemáticos e representações. Não obstante, os alunos evidenciam dificuldades na resolução de problemas e na multiplicidade de representações para um dado conceito matemático. Este estudo procurou sistematizar a relevância e a eficácia da introdução frequente de representações visuais na lecionação dos conteúdos relativos às noções de múltiplo e divisor de um número natural, e do seu impacto na resolução de problemas com estas noções. Segue uma metodologia qualitativa analisando uma intervenção de ensino num grupo de 17 alunos (10-11 anos). Os resultados mostraram que (i) as representações visuais permitiram transformações de representações (tratamentos e conversões), tal como as representações simbólicas e verbais, (ii) a introdução de representações visuais proporcionou um ambiente de aprendizagem com representações múltiplas, com uma maior variedade de representações na resolução de problemas, e (iii) este efeito prolongou-se no intervalo de tempo considerado. Concluímos que a utilização frequente de representações visuais potencia as transformações de representações o que traz vantagens para a aprendizagem, pois o desempenho geral dos alunos melhorou.
Uma hermenêutica da cultura: A construção de um universo de sentido e profundidade a partir de Paul Tillich
Authors: Abijaudi André Yuri Gomes
Published: July 2017

Paul Tillich é reconhecido como o renomado “teólogo da cultura”. Não obstante, ele foi determinado em suas obras ao se dedicar a atravessar as fronteiras da religião e da cultura relacionando os dois conceitos em diversos textos de sua autoria. Tillich tem uma compreensão clara do relacionamento ideal entre a religião e a cultura, expressa no seu conceito de uma teologia da cultura. Tillich compreende o conceito de cultura como a função do espírito humano que aponta para a possibilidade criativa por meio de todas as manifestações culturais. Por outro lado, para ele, religião não é sinônimo de revelação como entendiam muitos teólogos de sua época. Ele entende o conceito de religião como preocupação última. Neste sentido, ele considera que a religião é a função do espírito humano que dá sentido e profundidade a todas as outras funções, inclusive a cultura.
Vestígios de um Princípio Protestante: Uma leitura da educação superior na Assembleia de Deus no Brasil a partir de elementos da teoria da religião de Paul Tillich
Authors: Lopes Marcelo
Published: July 2017

A proposta deste texto talvez seja mais pretensiosa no título do que no conteúdo propriamente dito. Trata-se de um esforço no sentido de contribuir para uma compreensão do fenômeno da educação superior na Assembleia de Deus no Brasil. Nesse fito, nos valemos da teoria da religião de Paul Tillich como chave hermenêutica para abordar o objeto. Ressaltamos, todavia, que disso não resulta qualquer tipo de panacéia ou resposta peremptória às questões que o fenômeno enseja. Antes, pensamos que esta leitura, dentre tantas outras, pode ser enriquecedora na medida em que oferece uma alternativa àquelas abordagens que tratam o objeto como derivação ou função social apenas. Aqui, portanto, interessa-nos muito mais sua dialética com a cultura a partir de Tillich.
Teologia de fronteira: aportes do método da correlação de Paul Tillich
Authors: Cunha Carlos Alberto Motta
Published: July 2017

No pensamento de Paul Tillich, a “fronteira” é chave hermenêutica de sua vida e teologia, a saber, a reivindicação do espaço fronteiriço entre diferentes saberes e possibilidades. Tillich desenvolveu o método da correlação, segundo o qual o conteúdo da Revelação cristã se apresenta e demonstra como resposta às perguntas cruciais que brotam da existência do ser humano na modernidade. Resistindo a teologias que levam em conta apenas o querigma, sem olhar o destinatário, Tillich apresenta a teologia apologética, ou seja, uma “teologia que-dá-respostas” aos anseios existenciais do ser humano. No projeto tillichiano, a situação existencial do sujeito determina a exposição do conteúdo da Revelação divina sem que para isso relativize as Boas Novas da salvação. Sem esta situação, não há condições de perguntas certas em busca de boas respostas. Tillich fez desta dinâmica o eixo do método da correlação, devidamente utilizado não só na sua vida, mas também na sua grande obra, a Teologia Sistemática.
Lettre d’un Européen français à un ami brésilien, en 2016.
Authors: Junker Théo
Published: July 2017

Il s’agit d’un bref « état du monde actuel » ou « étude de conjoncture », en forme de « lettre à un ami brésilien ». L’adresse de la lettre en résume le contenu : « Cher ami, si loin, si proche, je t’écris en ce jour de Pâques 2016, printanier et ensoleillé, porteur de son message de renouvellement, de vie, d’avenir. J’aimerais partager avec toi quelques pensées actuelles, inévitables, qui vont de l’histoire encore récente à l’état du monde d’aujourd’hui, des menaces aux réponses aux dangers, des combats à mener aux outils à manier demain, de la politique à notre futur incertain, des religions établies à la foi personnelle, des prévisions jusqu’au temps de vivre et au sens de nos vies. Des questions, des interrogations auxquelles nous n’échappons pas. » Après avoir rappelé l’état du monde en 1987, le texte parle de 2016, de la politique, de l’économie, du terrorisme, de la religion, du manque de coopération internationale. Au sujet de l’Islam, il cite Paul Tillich, qui a montré les aspects positifs de l’Islam et sa signification pour le christianisme. Il termine en parlant de l’avenir du protestantisme et de l’humanité.
Psicologia na Universidade Metodista: um recorte da história
Authors: Vizzotto Marilia Martins
Published: July 2017

O texto faz um pequeno recorte da história do curso de psicologia na universidade Metodista de São Paulo, e procura ater-se ao período compreendido entre o final dos anos 1990 até 2001; período esse em que o Instituto Metodista passa a ser a Universidade Metodista de São Paulo e o curso de Psicologia sofre grandes transformações a partir das discussões das “Novas Diretrizes Curriculares” para os cursos de graduação no Brasil.
Umesp/Psicologia 45 Anos… e 40 anos meus nesta instituição
Authors: Noronha Olímpia Rosa
Published: July 2017

O texto em questão resgata a história da Psicologia na Universidade Metodista e lembra ainda a trajetória da autora nessa Instituição. Para tal, relembra dos anos iniciais do curso, o percurso do próprio curso e o prazer de ser professora e supervisora.
Análise do capital humano, sob a ótica da teoria do crescimento endógeno, na produtividade total dos fatores no Brasil
Authors: Barros Guimarães Aucione Aparecida , Pimentel Fully Roberto Miranda , SILVEIRA LUCAS PEREIRA
Published: July 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar empiricamente a evolução dos fatores totais de produtividade, correlacionando essa evolução com o crescimento do número de concluintes no ensino superior. Ainda hoje não está pacificada a contribuição do capital humano como fator relevante e influente sobre a produtividade total dos fatores. Alguns pesquisadores apontam para uma não correlação significativa e positiva, enquanto que outros pesquisadores indicam como variável fundamental para gerar crescimento econômico. Os fatores totais de produtividades são fundamentais para o entendimento do crescimento de longo prazo dos países, dado que a variação deste é o próprio progresso tecnológico, que é considerado um dos motores do desenvolvimento econômico dos países desenvolvidos. Esta pesquisa realizou teste econométrico, com base no modelo de Solow e nas informações extraídas da Dissertação de Fully (2014) “Os Efeitos da Educação Sobre o Progresso Tecnológico no Brasil” para verificar a correlação entre a variável dependente da produtividade total dos fatores e a variável de interesse do número de concluintes do ensino superior, Proxy de capital humano, para testar a contribuição da última sobre a primeira, tendo ainda as variáveis carga tributária, escolaridade média e taxa de crescimento do PIB como variáveis de controle. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa apontam para uma correlação positiva e relevante para a produtividade total dos fatores e o aumento do número de concluintes no ensino superior brasileiro no período de 1971 a 2011.
Estômatos de Guttiferae. Estudo morfológico, dimensional e quantitativo
Authors: Paula José Elias de
Published: July 2017

RESUMO Estudo morfológico, dimensional e quantitativo dos estômatos de trinta e sete espécies de Guttiferae, com vista à Taxonomia, sendo 26 da Amazônia, 10 extra-amazônicas e 1 introduzida e aclimatada no Brasil (Garcinia mangostana L.). As espécies em apreço pertencem aos gêneros seguintes: Caraipa, Clusia, Chrysochlamys, Garcinia, Haploclathra, Havetiopsis, Hypericum, Kielmeyera, Lorostemon, Moronobea, Oedematopus, Platonia, Quapoya, Rheedia, Symphonia, Tovomita e Vismia.
Observações sobre ataque de insetos em folhas de Marantaceae
Authors: Albuquerque Lindalva Paes de
Published: July 2017

RESUMO Avaliação em Monotagma plurispicatum (Koern.) K. Schum. (Marantaceae), na Reserva Florestal Ducke, Manaus, Amazonas, do índice de ataque de insetos em suas folhas, dos grupos mais freqüentes e se a ação desses grupos apresenta modificações com a diversidade de habitat, através de: observações da planta no local, coleta das folhas e das inflorescências para exame e experiência em laboratório, objetivando uma estimativa dos danos causados e da preferência desses insetos pela idade das folhas. Pelos resultados observados, na composição da fauna de M. plurispicatum há predominância de Hispídeos larvas e adultos. A preferência em retirar alimento das folhas entreabertas com resultados bem semelhantes para as duas áreas está demonstrada. A presença de larvas indica o ciclo reprodutivo dos Hispídeos nessa planta. Os Nitidulídeos são predominantes na fauna das inflorescências novas. Há complexidade acentuada na fauna das inflorescências maduras, embora com menor número de indivíduos. Fauna ausente nas inflorescências velhas.
qRT-PCR v1
Authors: Chen Ning
Published: July 2017

qRT- PCR for each gene was carried out using a thermal cycler (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and amplification conditions were 40 cycles of 30s at 95°C, 3 s at 95°C, and 30 s at 60°C.
O wushu como uma ferramenta para o desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e socioafetivo na escola: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Da Silva Everton De Souza , Alves Diego Pereira , Dos Santos Marcelo Augusto P. , Dos Santos Lucas Ribeiro , Soares Sumara Brito , Miarka Bianca
Published: July 2017

The present work investigated the use of wushu at school by Physical Education teachers (PEF) as a tool for the motor, cognitive and socioaffective development, and compared practitioners and non-practitioners in concept, understanding and application of wushu resignified practices in Elementary School grades I and II in São Paulo, Brazil. For this purpose, 40 PEFs were assigned to one of two groups, wushu Practitioners (PW, n=27) or Non wushu Practitioners (NPW, n=13). All participants answered a questionnaire composed of 11 objective questions about the wushu practice by schoolchildren, with answers ranging on four levels ("does not attend", "partially", "fully" and "exceeds"). The Mann Whitney test was used to compare the responses, p<0.05. Results showed differences between groups, in which PW considered wushu a valid content to teach aspects related to martial arts for schoolchildren, while NPW believed to be inefficient. Both groups identified wushu as an activity that meets and exceeds the needs of motor, cognitive and socioaffective development in schoolchildren. On the other hand, about 30% of NPWs indicated that wushu is difficult to use in schoolchildren, and 40% of NPWs reported that wushu practices during initial teacher training were only partially or not sufficiently taught. These results suggest the possibility of a relationship between the teachers' experience and the promotion of certain practices, depending the teaching of martial arts on the teachers’ practical experience.
O Maranhão no contexto da Monarquia católica: uma história conectada
Authors: Lobão Carvalho Roberta
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo buscamos analisar o papel do Maranhão no contexto da Monarquia Católica. Esta análise será realizada a partir da História Conectada, com a intenção de observar essa fase da história do Maranhão por uma perspectiva global, visando nos afastar das ideias dicotômicas de centro e periferia, que sempre colocam essa parte do mundo numa perspectiva congelada, ou estereotipada.
Índios, africanos e agentes coloniais na Capitania de São José do Piauí, 1720- 1800
Authors: Celestino da Silva Mairton
Published: July 2017

A constituição do Estado do Maranhão como unidade administrativa portuguesa e separada do Estado do Brasil remonta ao século XVII. A necessidade da interligação desses dois brasis ao longo do século XVIII propiciará uma série de medidas, dentre as quais criação do Estado do Grão-Pará e Maranhão e, posteriormente, sua separação em Estados do Grão-Pará e Rio Negro e Estado do Maranhão e Piauí. Tal mudança alteraria sobremaneira a vida dos poucos habitantes da região, redefinindo assim suas hierarquias, costumes e expandindo os conflitos/negociações à medida que africanos escravizados e luso-brasileiros adentravam aos sertões e mantinham contatos, amistosos ou não, com os índios locais. Neste trabalho, destaco o problema da expansão portuguesa nos domínios do Novo Mundo, com enfoque analítico para o Estado do Maranhão e Piauí. Primeiro abordarei os negros escravizados sob o domínio dos bandeirantes e, posteriormente, sob a tutela jesuítica e, a partir da expulsão destes, no domínio da administração portuguesa. No segundo momento, analisarei as políticas efetivas de domínio da terra e seus conflitos/negociações/alianças com os índios locais.
Estoques de Sedução entrevista com Maria da Conceição de Almeida
Authors: Macedo Helton Rubiano de , Knobbe Margarida Maria
Published: July 2017

Estoques de Sedução entrevista com Maria da Conceição de Almeida
A Content Analysis Concerning the Studies On Challenges Faced By Novice Teachers
Authors: Kozikoglu Ishak
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to analyze the studies concerning the challenges faced by novice teachers in terms of various aspects and compare the challenges according to location of the studies conducted in Turkey and on abroad. 30 research studies obtained full-text form were included in detailed analysis. This is a descriptive study based on qualitative research method. In the analysis of the studies, a matrix (content analysis form) was prepared consisting of categories such as publication language, publication type, year, method, design, sample size, data collection methods, data analysis techniques and challenges faced by novice teachers. Then, studies were analyzed based on this content analysis form and the findings were presented accordingly. In addition, descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and graphics were also used by using SPSS-18 program. As a result of the study, it was found that 17 of the studies were written in English, 13 of them were written in Turkish language. Of all the 30 studies; 22 studies were article, five of them were dissertation and three of them were master thesis. Half of the studies were designed as case study and almost half of them were designed as descriptive survey method. In half of the studies, qualitative research method was preferred. The most used data collection tools are survey and interview form; the most used data analysis techniques are descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, standard deviation). Most of the studies were conducted on small samples. Furthermore, it was found in the studies that novice teachers faced various challenges which were grouped under four themes named as instructional challenges, relational challenges, adaptation challenges, physical infrastructure and facilities of the school. This research is expected to determine the challenges faced by novice teachers in a broad sense based on the findings of the studies and guide for the development of induction programs.
The first year: A cultural shift towards improving student progress
Authors: Jobe Becky
Published: July 2017

Student attrition has been a primary focus among higher education institutions for nearly 50 years, yet overall retention and graduation rates continue to be of significant concern. Despite increased attention, ongoing struggles of colleges and universities to effectively address potential barriers to student progress are well-documented.  Part of the challenge lies in garnering widespread organizational commitment that establishes student progress as an institutional priority.  Along with leadership commitment, broad institutional involvement and adherence to a systematic approach to testing new, innovative solutions are necessary to better position the institution to make clear, evidence-based decisions that improve the student experience. The purpose of this manuscript is to detail one university’s cultural shift towards establishing a clear student progress strategy (with particular focus on the first year), and the methodological approach that laid the foundation for a multi-year study of initiatives that resulted in improved student satisfaction, performance, and retention.
Introducing B Corporations to the Higher Education Community
Authors: Houlahan Bart , Osusky Dan
Published: July 2017

The higher education industry faces many challenges.  Despite the recognition that a college degree is essential to developing skilled employees, informed citizens, and flourishing people, there is a shortage of skilled workers, college costs (and student debt) are rising, and the attainment gap for minorities and underrepresented populations remains stark.
Working to Educate Global Citizens and Create Neighborly Communities Locally and Globally: Penn’s Partnerships in West Philadelphia as a Democratic Experiment in Progress
Authors: Harkavy Ira , Hartley Matt , Weeks Joann , Hodges Rita
Published: July 2017

In the rapidly accelerating global era in which we now live, human beings must solve a vast array of unprecedently complex problems. Perhaps the most complex and significant problems facing society today are persistent, widening, and increasingly destructive social, economic, and political inequality; globally destructive, man-made climate change; and increasingly frequent and savage terrorist acts.  Given their proclaimed dedication to critical intelligence, and their unique constellation of formidable resources to develop it, institutions of higher education, we submit, have a unique responsibility to help solve these problems—indeed all the problems intensified by globalization.
My Ordinary, Everyday, Boring Birth Story
Authors: Solimine Kaitlin
Published: July 2017

Childbirth is a natural physiological process that when supported by appropriate childbirth professionals, can be an empowering, positive, and healthy experience for both mother and newborn. I wrote this birth story to exemplify what a normal, prepared, supported birth can look like in a country where the vast majority of births involve various medical interventions. Although I do not always explicitly reference these works, my childbirth and mothering journey has been informed by the scholarship of Robbie Davis-Floyd, Sheila Kitzinger, and Ina May Gaskin.
Expansão educacional no Sudeste e migração em Minas Gerais: impactos na alfabetização da população de Ituiutaba (1956-1971)
Authors: Bezerra Luciene Teresinha de Souza , Ribeiro Betania de Oliveira Laterza , Araujo José Carlos Souza
Published: July 2017

Com este estudo, buscou-se explorar os impactos da migração e da expansão educacional nos índices de analfabetismo no Brasil. No processo de desenvolvimento nacional no período de 1950-1960, a industrialização e urbanização atraíram para a cidade uma massa de população campesina que, até então, superava a população urbana, caso se considerasse o Sudeste ou a própria Minas Gerais. Objetivou-se compreender a influência da migração nas taxas de analfabetismo desse estado, focalizando o município de Ituiutaba entre 1956 e 1971. Como pesquisa documental, este estudo se ancorou em atas da Câmara Municipal, em matérias jornalísticas, em relatos orais e em dados estatísticos. Os resultados mostram que os dados locais põem em xeque eventuais consensos. Por exemplo, esse município experimentou um processo de migração para o campo - e não do meio rural para a cidade - o que ampliou suas taxas de analfabetismo. Nesse caso, o número de escolas rurais superou o de escolas urbanas, quando a tendência da expansão educacional era de feição urbana, como são os grupos escolares. Ainda assim, esse município apresentou taxas de analfabetismo que superavam a média regional e nacional.
CLASSROOM COMMUNICATION SKILLS: THE NEED TO FILL A GAP IN THE TRAINING OF TEACHERS OF SPANISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Rodríguez Muñoz Francisco J. , Madrid Navarro Víctor M.
Published: July 2017

This paper sets out the necessity of examining the communication skills of teachers of Spanish as a foreign language as conducted in other socio-educative contexts. According to this objective, the paper begins with a review of theoretical efforts that have been made during recent years referring to research methodology (such as instruments), and to their main results. This leads to a discussion of the training needs that teachers of Spanish as a foreign language presently face for the development of their communication skills in the classroom and, in general terms, the paper discusses the different types of ideas and strategies that must be considered during teachers’ instruction. Finally, this brief proposal expects to be the seed of future research projects that impact positively on the improvement of teachers’ communication competence, whereby the ideas discussed here are taken as a nuclear component in the frame of future teaching competence.
The ‘person-in-between’ role of young graduates at INGOs in Vietnam
Authors: Lan Mai Thi Quynh
Published: July 2017

In Vietnam today one of the consequences of globalisation has been a proliferation of international non-government organisations (INGOs). These are intercultural work environments where individuals must seek to understand the culture of others and try to share and find common ground as they strive to fulfil the goals of the organisations. These individuals need high levels of intercultural competence, particularly cultural mediation, important for the role of cultural intermediaries. Drawing on theories of cultural mediation and cultural intermediaries, this research explores the intersection of different cultural worlds in the context of development projects at INGOs in Vietnam. The new graduates in the study reflected on their resources and skills to adapt development models to the local context, thus demonstrating important employability skills. This was particularly challenging given that in organisations such as universities, where the culture was described as rigidly hierarchical, skill training was restricted to following procedures to execute a particular task. However, in organisations like INGOs with high degrees of employee autonomy, decision making is left to the discretion of staff who are required to demonstrate their own means of developing the skills. Based on the findings of the qualitative research into young Vietnamese graduates’ experiences of working at INGOs, this paper argues that young graduates play a significant role in disseminating information, and at the same time promoting mutual understanding, forming culturally relativistic attitudes, and demonstrating cross-cultural empathy. They were not just gaining employment, but adding value to an enterprise. Given increasing globalisation, this research makes an interesting argument for the inclusion of cultural literacy as a necessary employability skill for successful engagement in today’s world of work.
Emerging Numerical-Modeling Technique To Evaluate Asphaltene-Inhibitor Efficiency During Entire Field Life
Authors: Yonebayashi Hideharu , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: July 2017

This work sought to establish a robust asphaltene flow-assurance engineering with asphaltene inhibitor to mitigate the risk of asphaltene precipitation in tubing. For this purpose, the best candidate was selected through the asphaltene dispersant test (ADT). Furthermore, its inhibiting efficiency was evaluated by generating a numerical model. The purpose of this evaluation was to predict how its efficiency varied during entire field life in which production conditions changed in early and late life.

Through the two-stage ADT, the best inhibitor IB-23 was selected from a total of nineteen samples. The IB-23 revealed a high inhibiting efficiency of more than 80% at 200 ppm concentration, and maintained its efficiency more than 70% even at 10 ppm. Currently, any commercial software is not available for the modeling of asphaltene inhibitor caused by confidentiality for inhibitor physical data. This study achieved modeling of inhibiting efficiency by treating an inhibitor as a pseudoresin and/or pseudocomponent. It could be defined with limited physical data that were available in a publicly accessible material-safety data sheet (MSDS).

The numerical model was generated with a cubic-plus-association (CPA) equation of state (EOS) together with the conventional fluid characterization to characterize the asphaltene crudes. This paper demonstrates that the numerical model expressed the inhibiting efficiency as a size-reduction of asphaltene-precipitation envelope (APE) and a decrease in the amount of asphaltene precipitated. The model validity was checked by comparing with experimentally measured weight data of asphaltene deposits during the ADT. Assuming natural depletion, the APEs were compared with a variation of vertical lifting curves (VLCs) in tubing. Two VLCs were assumed to represent early and late field conditions (i.e., high wellhead/reservoir pressures and depleted ones). The no-inhibitor case revealed that precipitating risk existed over most of the tubing section. In contrast, the inhibitor-dosed case could significantly reduce the risks in the early stage in particular. Even in the late stage, the risks could be minimized because the interception of VLC on the APE became shorter than that of the no-inhibitor case.

Asphaltene inhibitor is a typical countermeasure; however, most of the applications offer only temporary relief. Through an entire field life, the production conditions vary such as pressure decline, gas/oil ratio (GOR) increase, and others. Accordingly, the efficiency of the inhibitor, initially selected as the best, fades away. Then, another screening would be required to select an alternative one that can adapt effectiveness to the new operating condition. This paper contributes to estimating its inhibiting efficiency during a whole field life.
Efficacy of Panoramic Radiography in the Detection of Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Women When Compared to Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry
Authors: Pallagatti Shambulingappa , Parnami Priyanka , Sheikh Soheyl , Gupta Deepak
Published: July 2017

Objective:

It is a well-known fact that osteoporosis affects the people with old age and remains unnoticeable until the patient presents with fracture. Various studies in the literature reveal that panoramic radiographs may prove to be beneficial in the detection of Osteoporosis in patients. Henceforth this present study was aimed to validate the use of Klemetti Index (KI) on panoramic radiographs so as to detect osteoporosis in the patients at an early stage.

Methods:

60 postmenopausal women were selected. A panoramic radiograph was taken to grade their mandibular cortex on the basis of Klemetti Index. All the panoramic radiographs were evaluated by 5 different Oral Medicine and Radiology specialists. Later all the patients were subjected to dual energy X-ray absorptimetry (DEXA) scan for bone mineral density evaluation. The results were evaluated statistically.

Results:

The average accuracy of the five observers to demonstrate normal bone, osteopenia and osteoporosis when compared to DEXA scan was 58.08%, 63.3% and 64.74% respectively. The observations of the 5 observers on the basis of KI were not statistically different from the BMD evaluation done with the help of DEXA Scan.

Conclusion:

Panoramic radiographs can be used as a screening tool for the evaluation as well as early detection of osteoporosis with the usage of Klemetti Index.