bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Endmill Tool Run-Out to Machining Accuracy in Micro-Groove Milling
Authors: Goto Daisuke , Maeda Yukio , Iwatsuka Kenichi , Motoyoshi Tatsuo , Tanaka Hideaki , Kato Kazuya , Yazawa Takanori
Published: January 2016

Micro-channel chips, which are used in micro total analysis systems, are attracting attention in the medical field. The photolithography technology used in semiconductor manufacturing is generally used to manufacture micro-channel chip dies. However, this technology requires many processes, such as mask fabrication and the application of photoresist to a substrate, as well as expensive clean room facilities. Therefore, this study examines how to form a fine groove by cutting with micro-endmills. This report experimentally examined the cutting performance of the tool run-out. In addition, effects of the tool run-out on the micro-grove milling, such as decrease in the cutting force changing,and the tool wear, were clarified.
Experimental Study on Thermal and Force Characteristics in the Dry Slotting of Cortical Bone
Authors: Wen Liang , Zhao Zi Han , Song Jin Bang , Yu De Dong , Chen Ming , Shen Steve G.F.
Published: January 2016

Cutting force and temperature are the two chief factors affecting bone rehabilitation during bone cutting in many orthopedic surgeries. To reveal new knowledge of thermal and force when milling cortical bone, slotting experiments were carried on high-speed milling platform. Cutting force and temperature were measured during the milling process. The effects of cutting inputs on cutting thermal and force were researched in detail. The results showed that: feed rate and spindle speed had a great impact on the milling temperature, while the milling force was mainly influenced by spindle speed. A feed rate of 1.0-1.4 mm/s is recommended to obtain preferable milling force and temperature, and a larger feed rate of 1.2-1.4 mm/s is advised to use with a lower spindle speed (8000-20000 r/min), while a smaller feed rate of 1.0-1.2 mm/s should be chosen when spindle speed was between 20000-40000 r/min. Feeding parallel to the growth direction of the cortical bone can significantly reduce the milling temperature, but there was no obvious change in milling force. The lowest cutting temperature obtained during the experiment was around 50 °C without coolant, which was acceptable for orthopedic surgeries.
Fundamental Micro-Grooving Characteristics of Hard and Brittle Materials with a Fine Wire Tool
Authors: Sakamoto Satoshi , Hayashi Keitoku , Kondo Yasuo , Yamaguchi Kenji , Fujita Tsuyoshi , Yakou Takao
Published: January 2016

Thinning of the silicon wafers and decrease in kerf loss can minimize the production costs of semiconductor products. Currently, the quantity of kerf loss is about the same as the volume of the wafer itself. If we drastically reduce kerf loss, we can easily lower production costs. Therefore, we studied techniques for slicing silicon wafers with reduced kerf loss using a wire tool. As a first step, we performed micro-grooving with a fine wire tool. In this paper, we discuss the micro-grooving performance of a fine wire tool made of tungsten. A borosilicate glass is used as the work material. The main conclusions are as follows: When a fine wire tool and small-diameter abrasives are used, the kerf loss decreases. However, the strength of fine wire tools is very low. The relative velocity and abrasive diameters have a significant influence on the micro-grooving characteristics. Fine wire tools are easily fractured at fast relative velocities and with large-diameter abrasives. However, the grooving rate increases. Groove depth and grooving efficiency do not depend on the relative velocity and are dependent on the abrasive diameter.
Study on Removal Mechanism of Sapphire in Plasma Assisted Polishing
Authors: Kageyama Chika , Monna Kohki , Deng Hui , Endo Katsuyoshi , Yamamura Kazuya
Published: January 2016

A sapphire substrate is essential for epitaxial growth of GaN, which is used for high brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs), high-power and high-frequency devices. However, the material removal rate (MRR) of sapphire in conventional polishing is very low because of its high hardness and chemical inertness. We proposed application of plasma assisted polishing using a resin-bonded silica grinding stone for finishing of sapphire surface and investigated basic removal properties. The results of a ball-on-disc type test results showed that irradiation of water vapor containing atmospheric pressure Ar gas plasma promoted the MRR of sapphire by a factor of 7.4. Strong emission from hydroxyl radical was observed by an optical emission spectroscopy measurement of the plasma. XPS measurements revealed that the surface of both sapphire and silica were hydroxylated after the plasma irradiation. From these experimental and measurement results, we proposed the removal model in plasma assisted polishing of sapphire as follows. Firstly, irradiation of water vapor plasma hydroxylates the surfaces of sapphire and silica. Then, Al-O-Si bonding is formed by dehydration reaction between sapphire and silica surfaces. Finally, surface atom of sapphire is removed by the motion of silica abrasive. In this paper, we describe the preliminary experimental results and measurement results which support the proposed removal model in plasma assisted polishing of sapphire.
Study on the Slicing of Sapphire Using a Wire Tool
Authors: Shinya Moriyama , Yazawa Takanori , Otubo Tatsuki
Published: January 2016

This work examined improvements in cutting efficiency obtained during the slicing of sapphire workpieces when adding CeO2 to the cutting fluid. Various machining parameters, including the cutting temperature, machining surface tolerance, surface quality and tool wear, were assessed. It was confirmed that both the cutting temperature and the machining surface tolerance are reduced by the presence of CeO2 in the cutting fluid. Observations of the machined surfaces and the cutting tool also demonstrated that both brittle fracturing of the surface and loss of abrasive grains were suppressed following the addition of CeO2. These results suggest that the cutting temperature likely affects the accuracy of the cutting process and that CeO2 appears to improve cutting efficiency by reducing the workpiece temperature and by stabilizing the cutting process.
Theoretical Research on Contact Length in the Rocking Motion Wire Saw
Authors: Huang Hui , Zheng Sheng Long , Xu Xi Peng
Published: January 2016

Rocking motion wire saw with the additional rocking motion of either the wire or the workpiece is a new machining method compared with the traditional wire saw. The length of contact between the wire and the workpiece changes in this new saw process. In this paper, the wire motion and the contact length were theoretically researched. Wire motion path equation with the rocking motion was established. The theoretical equation of the contact length in half a swing period was derived out. The results indicated that the wire motion was a single pendulum movement with a length line segment, which the swing pivot was moved with a feed rate. The contact length had significant changes in half a swing period in the rocking motion wire saw. The contact length varied periodically with the same amplitude in the square ingot sawing, which varied periodically with the variation amplitude in the circle ingot sawing. The contact length with the rocking motion was obviously shorter than the case without the rocking motion for either the square ingot or the circle ingot.
Study on Precision Slicing Process of Single-Crystal Silicon by Using Dicing Wire Saw
Authors: Suzuki Takaaki , Otsuki Toshinori , Yan Ji Wang
Published: January 2016

Precision slicing tests were performed for single-crystal silicon by using a newly developed dicing wire saw system and diamond wires. The developed dicing wire saw enables slicing thick workpiece of hard and brittle materials which could not be sliced by conventional dicing machines. To achieve high precision and efficiency, the dicing wire saw system adopted tension control and high speed control technologies which provides a maximum wire feeding speed of 2000m/min. In this study, the diamond wire was driven in a single direction at a speed of
750-1750m/min and the slicing force, wire wear and workpiece surface roughness after slicing were investigated experimentally. The results showed that as a new slicing system, the developed dicing wire saw was useable for high-precision slicing of thick workpiece.
Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Grinding of High Volume Fraction SiCp/Al Composites Micro-Hole
Authors: Lu Shou Xiang , Gao Hang , Sun Chao , Bao Yong Jie , Bao Zi Cheng
Published: January 2016

Aiming at the difficulty of 65% volume fraction SiCp/Al composites micro-hole machining and the problem of exit defects, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding (UVAG) method for micro-hole machining was experimental studied taking Φ2-3mm hole for example. Results indicated that the thrust force was reduced by 79.8% through UVAG with lower fluctuation and the tool wear was much less than conventional drilling (CD). Lower thrust force and better exit quality were obtained with the increasing of the ultrasonic amplitude.
Drilling of Microholes Using Diamond Grinding Tools
Authors: Egashira Kai , Okina Ryohei , Yamaguchi Keishi , Ota Minoru
Published: January 2016

The drilling of microholes in hard and brittle materials by ultrasonic grinding was carried out using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) micropins fabricated by electrical discharge machining. They can be employed as micro-grinding tools because the convex parts of discharge craters formed on the tool surface can serve as cutting edges of abrasive grains in grinding wheels. In the drilling of crown glass, the increase in the grinding force and the generation of cracks and chippings at hole edges were suppressed owing to the high wear resistance of PCD. Under suitable conditions, drilling was also successfully performed in silicon, which is apt to exhibit cracks and chippings at hole edges.
Surface and Subsurface Integrity of Glass-Ceramics Induced by Ultra-Precision Grinding
Authors: Zhao Bo , Gao Shang , Kang Ren Ke , Zhu Xiang Long , Guo Dong Ming
Published: January 2016

Ultra-precision grinding is widely used in machining of the hard and brittle materials due to its high surface accuracy and machining efficiency. However, grinding inevitably brings about surface and subsurface damage that needs to be removed by the polishing processes. This study investigated the surface and subsurface integrity of glass-ceramics induced by ultra-precision grinding. The characteristics of surface roughness, surface topography and subsurface damage depth of ground glass-ceramics with diamond grinding wheels with different grain sizes were presented and compared. Discussion was also provided to explore corresponding reasons of surface and subsurface integrity induced by diamond grinding wheels with different grain sizes.
Wet-Etching Evaluation Method of Subsurface Damage after Grinding of Glass
Authors: Sekiguchi Rei , Yoshikawa Shun , Higashi Kazuhiko , Miki Norihisa , Kakinuma Yasuhiro , Fukuta Masahiko , Tanaka Katsutoshi
Published: January 2016

Large-aperture lens used for single-lens reflex cameras is generally produced by both ultra-precision grinding and polishing because a mass-produced lens by molding process can hardly achieve the required form accuracy and surface quality. Recently, grinding process of an optical glass should make surface quality as high as possible in order to reduce removal amount in polishing process. Accordingly, evaluation of subsurface damage induced under various grinding conditions has been required because subsurface damage leads to crack initiation or deterioration of the performance. However, evaluation method of subsurface damage on the spherical glass lens after grinding has not yet been established.In this study, the quantitative evaluation method by applying wet-etching of hydrofluoric acid (HF) is proposed, then its validity is verified. From the experimental results, we clarify to evaluate the subsurface damage by examining the surface transition according to etching time.
Study on Mechanical Properties of Single-Crystal Silicon Carbide by Nanoindentation
Authors: Matsumoto Mitsuhiro , Harada Hirofumi , Kakimoto Koichi , Yan Ji Wang
Published: January 2016

In order to clarify the mechanical properties of single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC), nanoindentation was performed on a 4H-SiC wafer. The change of hardness with the angle between the wafer orientation flat and the indenter edge, the maximum load and the loading rate were investigated. The hardness reached maximum at an indentation load of 12 mN in the range of 3-50 mN. Hardness decreased under two conditions: when the edge of the indenter tip is parallel to the [11-20] direction, and when a very low loading rate was used. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe dislocations and cracks under the indents. It was demonstrated that the deformation process of SiC involved three steps with respect to the increase of the indentation load. These results provide information for improving ductile machining process of single crystal SiC.
Wide Range and Accurate Measurement of Wafer Thickness Gauge Using Optical Spectral Analyzer
Authors: Onuki Teppei , Ebina Yutaro , Ojima Hirotaka , Shimizu Jun , Zhou Libo
Published: January 2016

Applicability of a generic optical spectrum analyzer that is familiar with laser experiments is investigated for on-site wafer thickness measurements in the thinning process, to resolve the issues regarding mismatch in the thickness range of previous thickness measurement system. The optimizations in terms of the spectral range, the spectral resolution and the dynamic range are successfully conducted by use of the optical spectrum analyzer. Owing to both high spectral resolution and wide dynamic range in near infrared spectral measurements, full range thickness measurements for the initial thickness 775μm and the terminal thickness 1μm and nanometer order accuracy are implemented.
Matching Algorithm for Profile Error Calculation of Blade Surface
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Xiao Long , Liu Ji Ming , Ji Shi Jun , Qu Xing Tian , Zhang Zhi Yu
Published: January 2016

The blade is one of the key part of aero engine because its shape precision and surface quality significantly influence the performance, efficiency and reliability of the engine. The blade surface is generally obtained by precision finishing process, which is a repeated work of profile error measurement, profile error calculation and error correction manufacturing. For profile error calculation, the matching of measurement points and ideal blade surface must be firstly performed. However there is few detailed work reported on matching algorithm. In this paper, a new matching algorithm for profile error calculation was proposed. Firstly, the coarse matching method based on characteristics of blade section curves between measurement points and its corresponding ideal section curve was studied. Then the Sigular Value Decomposition (SVD)-Iterative Closest Point (ICP) precision matching method was adopted to improve the matching precision. After that, the weight calculation method was applied to balance the profile errors among different section curves. Simulation work was performed to validate the proposed matching algorithm. Results shows that micrometer-order matching accuracy of the blade section curves could be obtained through the above-mentioned three matching steps.
Experimental Study on the Surface Roughness in Mesoscopic-Scale Grinding of Nickel-Based Superalloy
Authors: Zhou Yun Guang , Gong Ya Dong , Sun Yang , Zhu Zhong Xiao , Gao Qi
Published: January 2016

This paper uses micro-grinding tool with 500# grains and 0.9 mm diameter to grind nickel-based superalloy Inconel600 through three factors(grinding depth, feed rate, spindle speed ) at three levels orthogonal grinding experiment in mesoscopic scale. Then according to the range analysis of surface roughness, the primary and secondary influencial factors are found; the micro grinding parameters are optimized ,the results show: the influence of the feed rate(vf)is the biggest, followed by the spindle speed(n), the grinding depth(ap) is minimal, when n=50kr/min, vf=100μm/s, ap=6μm, the grinding surface roughness is minimum: Ra=579nm; finally , the regression mathematical model of micro grinding surface roughness is established, the relative error of the calculated value and experimental measurements is low, showing that this regression mathematical model is accurate and effective. This study provides a theoretical basis for the micro grinding parameters and surface quality control of nickel-based superally.
Primary hyperparathyroidism: epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostic tools and current management
Authors: Percivale Andrea , Gnerre Paola , Damonte Giulio , Buscaglia Sandra , Monachesi Mario , Parodi Lionello , Tassara Rodolfo , Curletti Gianluca , Saccomani Giovanni
Published: January 2016

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a clinical condition characterized by overactive parathyroid gland secretion of parathyroid hormone with concurrent alteration of the phosphocalcemic metabolism. We present a literature review on primary hyperparathyroidism addressing key on clinical presentation, causes, medical and surgical treatment at the best of our knowledge. Based on this review we confirm the role of serum calcium and serum level examination, as well as we define the definitive treatment for PHPT being parathyroidectomy. In case of contraindication for surgery, medical treatment can play a relevant role.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and spinal cord compression: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Abdullah Bilal Bin , Nausheen Nida , Baksh Nagur Khuda , Keerthi Naga Dharma Teja
Published: January 2016

We report a 25-year-old lady presenting to the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital with spinal cord compression. Initially we had a diagnostic difficulty, as its presentation was perplexing. Finally we pointed towards the diagnosis of non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma and proved it. This article carries a message for the clinicians as clinical fallacies were noticed towards pointing this diagnosis. We have clearly explained the shortcomings in evaluating a case making a diagnosis towards non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma and spinal cord compression, as many situations in the setting were simulating and overlapping.
Structural Diversity of a Novel LTR Retrotransposon, RTPOSON, in the Genus Oryza
Authors: Hsu Yu-Chia , Wang Chang-Sheng , Lin Yann-Rong , Wu Yong-Pei
Published: January 2016

Retrotransposons with long terminal repeats (LTRs) are the most abundant transposable elements in plant genomes. A novel LTR retrotransposon named RTPOSON primarily occurs in the genus Oryza and in several species of the Poaceae family. RTPOSON has been identified in the Ty1-copia group of retrotransposons because two of its open reading frames encode an uncharacterized protein and UBN2_2 and zinc knuckle, respectively. More than 700 RTPOSONs were identified in Oryza genomes; 127 RTPOSONs with LTRs and gag-pol elements were classified into three subgroups. The subgroup RTPOSON_sub3 had the smallest DNA size and 97% (32/33) of RTPOSON elements from Oryza punctata are classified in this group. The insertion time of these RTPOSONs varied and their proliferation occurred within the last 8 Mya, with two bursting periods within the last 1.5-5.0 Mya. A total of 37 different orthologous insertions of RTPOSONs, with different nested transposable elements and gene fragments, were identified by comparing the genomes of ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare and ssp. indica cv. 93-11. A part of intact RTPOSON elements was evolved independently after the divergence of indica and japonica. In addition, intact RTPOSONs and homologous fragments were preferentially retained or integrated in genic regions. This novel LTR retrotransposon, RTPOSON, might have an impact on genome evolution, genic innovation, and genetic variation.
Расширенная суперсимметрия и скрытые симметрии в одномерной матричной квантовой механике
Authors: Andrianov Aleksandr Andreevich , Sokolov Andrey Vladimirovich
Published: January 2016

Исследованы свойства нелинейных алгебр суперсимметрии, реализующиеся в одномерной квантовой механике матричных систем. Суперзаряды этих алгебр являются дифференциальными операторами конечного порядка по производным. В особых случаях существуют несколько независимых суперзарядов, которые осуществляют (расширенную) суперсимметрию одного и того же супергамильтониана. Расширенная суперсимметрия порождает скрытые симметрии супергамильтониана. Такие симметрии найдены в моделях с $(2\times2)$-матричными потенциалами.
Метастабильные состояния составной системы при туннелировании через отталкивающие барьеры
Authors: Gusev Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Vinitsky Sergue Il'ich , Chuluunbaatar Ochbadrakh , Derbov Vladimir Leonardovich , Gozdz Andrzej , Krasovitskii Pavel Mikhailovich
Published: January 2016

Для составной системы, состоящей из нескольких тождественных частиц с парными взаимодействиями осцилляторного типа рассмотрен метод решения задачи квантового туннелирования через отталкивающие потенциальные барьеры с использованием осцилляторного представления симметризованных координат. Эффективность предложенного подхода подтверждается расчетами комплексных значений энергии и анализом метастабильных состояний составных систем из трех, четырех и пяти тождественных частиц на прямой, приводящих к эффекту квантовой прозрачности отталкивающих барьеров.
Альтернативное доказательство априорной $\operatorname{tg}\Theta$-теоремы
Authors: Motovilov Alexander Konstantinovich
Published: January 2016

Пусть $A$ - самосопряженный оператор в сепарабельном гильбертовом пространстве. Предположим, что спектр $A$ состоит из двух изолированных компонент $\sigma_0$ и $\sigma_1$, причем множество $\sigma_0$ лежит в конечной лакуне множества $\sigma_1$. Известно, что если $V$ - ограниченное аддитивное самосопряженное возмущение $A$, внедиагональное по отношению к разбиению $\operatorname{spec}(A)=\sigma_0\cup\sigma_1$, то при $\|V\|<\sqrt{2}d$, где $d=\operatorname{dist}(\sigma_0,\sigma_1)$, спектр возмущенного оператора $L=A+V$ состоит из двух изолированных частей $\omega_0$ и $\omega_1$, представляющих собой результат возмущения спектральных множеств $\sigma_0$ и $\sigma_1$ соответственно. Более того, для разности спектральных проекторов $\mathsf E_A(\sigma_0)$ и $\mathsf E_L(\omega_0)$, отвечающих спектральным множествам $\sigma_0$ и $\omega_0$ операторов $A$ и $L$, имеет место точная оценка $\|\mathsf E_A(\sigma_0)-\mathsf E_L(\omega_0)\| \leq\sin(\operatorname{arctg}\frac{\|V\|}{d})$. В настоящей работе мы даем новое доказательство этой оценки для случая, когда $\|V\|<d$.
L’accent orientatif: une visée discursive pour aprrocher l’accentuation du Français
Authors: Vitez Primož
Published: January 2016

En d‘autres termes, l‘accentuation en tant que structure formatrice du discours, permet au receveur d‘élaborer au fur et à mesure sa propre stratégie de reconnaissance des intentions, bref, du sens pragmatique de ce qu‘il entend. En exécutant le découpage accentuel, le locuteur permet à son destinataire de s‘orienter dans la complexité du sens, impliquant les nuances argumentatives et intentionnelles. Cette perspective de la fonction discursive de l’accentuation redéfinit l’accent final français en lui attribuant la notion fonctionnelle d’accent orientatif.
Modernity, Islam and an African Culture
Authors: Oyeshile Olatunji A
Published: January 2016

The human quest for the meaning of life is an unending one marked by undulating landscapes. In order to  confront the flux of experience generated by this quest for meaning, the human embraces science, morality,  politics and religion. Religion is said to provide the basis for transcendental values which give humans succour  after the physical and material struggles have ended. At the same time, religion also uses the observable social world as the starting point for the embrace of transcendental values. In this essay, an attempt is made  to examine the interconnectedness of modernity (which has its basis in the social world), Islam (which  provides the human with transcendental values) and an African culture (which serves as a nexus of modernity and Islam). The essay is basically an exercise in analysis whereby the readers are made to draw some compelling inferences.Keywords: Modernity, Islam, African culture, Values, Human happiness
Tratamentos pré-germinativos em sementes de palmiteiro
Authors: Ribeiro Maitê Dos Santos , Steffens Cristiano André , Oliveira Luciana Magda , Garcia Cristhyane , Pikart Tiago Georg , Souza Gabriely Koerich
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de tratamentos pré-germinativos na promoção da germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas de palmiteiro. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: controle, imersão em solução de GA3, exposição ao etileno, imersão em água, imersão em H2SO4, escarificação mecânica, estratificação por 30 dias a 10°C, e escarificação seguida de estratificação. A imersão de sementes em solução de ácido giberélico (GA3; 2000 µL L-1 durante 24 h) ou sua exposição ao etileno (1000 µL L-1 durante 24 h) são eficientes para a promoção da emergência e crescimento inicial de plântulas de palmiteiro.
Fetal Organ Volume Measurements by Three-dimensional Ultrasonography in Clinical Practice
Authors: Ruano Rodrigo
Published: January 2016

The present manuscript reviews the main three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) methods that are clinically available to measure fetal organ volumes. Nowadays, it is possible to measure the volume of different organs (lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, adrenal glands and brain) using 3DUS. Those measurements are clinically useful to predict pulmonary hypoplasia, cardiac dysfunction and anomalies, fetal growth, renal function and prematurity as well as to predict adequate and normal neurodevelopment.

How to cite this article

Ruano R. Fetal Organ Volume Measurements by Three-dimensional Ultrasonography in Clinical Practice. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):397-407.
Role of the State-of-the-Art Three-dimensional Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Masses
Authors: Raga Francisco , Caballero Oscar , Bonilla Francisco , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Carlos Castillo Juan , Eduardo Machado Luiz
Published: January 2016

Modern three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound tools, HDlive and radiance system architecture or silhouette offer unique ways for assessing women with ovarian masses; providing realistic 3D reconstructions of the ovarian tumors, together with essential information to facilitate the differentiation between benignity and malignancy of ovarian masses.

How to cite this article

Bonilla F Jr, Raga F, Caballero O, Castillo JC, Machado LE, Bonilla-Musoles F. Role of the Stateof- the-Art Three-dimensional Ultrasound in the Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Masses. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):446-461.
HDliveFlow in the Assessment of Fetal Circulation
Authors: Sajapala Suraphan
Published: January 2016

With the appearance of the latest three/four-dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasound machine (HDliveFlow, Voluson E10, GE Healthcare, Zipf, Austria), HDliveFlow with glass-body rendering mode or silhouette mode will facilitate more precise assessments of the fetal heart and peripheral circulation. The resolution of 3D/4D color/power Doppler using the HDlive technique shows a significant improvement compared to conventional 3D/4D color/power Doppler and the fetal heart with great vessels, small peripheral vessels, and placental blood flow can now be clearly recognized. HDliveFlow with glass-body rendering mode or silhouette mode combines the advantages of a spatial view of the great arteries in addition to the visualization of anatomical landmarks, such as the spine or diaphragm. Its use may provide potential advantages in cases of congenital heart anomalies and placental vascularity over the use of conventional 3D/4D color/power Doppler. This novel technique may assist in the evaluation of the fetal cardiovascular system and fetoplacental vascularity, and offer potential advantages relative to conventional 2D color/power Doppler assessments. In this article, we present the latest state-of-the-art HDliveFlow with glass-body rendering mode or silhouette mode of normal and abnormal fetal hearts, placentas, and umbilical cords. We also discuss the present and future applicability of 3D/4D color/ power Doppler to assess the fetal circulation. HDliveFlow with glass-body rendering mode or silhouette mode may become an important modality in future research on fetal cardiac and placental blood flow, and assist in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital heart disease and placental vascular abnormalities.

How to cite this article

Hata T, AboEllail MAM, Sajapala S, Ito M. HDliveFlow in the Assessment of Fetal Circulation. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):462-470.
La influencia de la experiencia en las competencias investigadoras del profesor universitario
Authors: Mas-Torelló Òscar
Published: January 2016

Las instituciones universitarias están en un proceso de transformación, entre otros motivos por la implementación del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Estos cambios provocan alteraciones en el trabajo que desarrolla el profesor universitario, ello conlleva la necesidad de adquirir y/o desarrollar nuevas competencias para atender correctamente las nuevas funciones y tareas profesionales demandadas. Para diseñar planes de formación adecuados a las nuevas necesidades formativas y establecer referentes en los protocolos de acreditación, selección y promoción, es necesario delimitar el nuevo perfil competencial que debe atesorar este profesional para desarrollar convenientemente sus funciones docente, investigadora y gestora, considerando sus diferentes escenarios de actuación profesional y momentos de desarrollo profesional. Para delimitar el perfil competencial del profesor universitario se ha realizado una investigación fundamentalmente descriptiva que combina metodologías cuantitativas y cualitativas, triangulándose diferentes técnicas (cuestionarios, entrevistas y grupos de discusión) y fuentes de información (profesorado, expertos y alumnos). Por las lógicas limitaciones de espacio en este artículo únicamente aportamos los datos obtenidos, desde el propio profesor universitario (experto y novel) de las 4 competencias investigadoras delimitadas (diseño, desarrollo y evaluación de proyectos; organización y gestión de eventos científicos; elaboración de material científico; comunicación y difusión de conocimientos científicos) y analizamos los datos más significativos de las 30 unidades competenciales que las componen. Los resultados presentan diferencias significativas en la autopercepción del dominio competencial actual entre profesorado novel y el experimentado. Estos  resultados nos ayudan a establecer áreas prioritarias de formación para el profesorado según su etapa de desarrollo profesional.
¿Barreras invisibles? Actitudes de los estudiantes universitarios ante sus compañeros con discapacidad
Authors: González Cortés Eugenia , Roses Campos Sergio
Published: January 2016

El presente trabajo analiza los conocimientos, opiniones y actitudes de los estudiantes universitarios sobre sus compañeros con discapacidad. La integración educativa y social de estos estudiantes es objeto de preocupación y estudio en todo el sistema educativo español, incluida la enseñanza superior en la que 21.942 universitarios con discapacidad se encontraban matriculados en el curso 2013-2014. El estudio se realiza en el marco de dos Proyectos de Innovación Educativa[1] de la Universidad de Málaga en los que se examinaron las actitudes del personal docente e investigador, el alumnado en general y el alumnado con discapacidad de esta institución. En este artículo se recogen las perspectivas de los estudiantes sin discapacidad, necesarias para medir el grado de aceptación dentro de las aulas universitarias. Se empleó una encuesta suministrada mediante correo electrónico a la totalidad de la población de estudiantes de la Universidad de Málaga (N= 32.464). El tamaño de la muestra fue de 620 estudiantes, por lo que trabajamos con un margen de error del 3,9% para la estimación de los porcentajes con un nivel de confianza del 95%. Los datos, analizados mediante análisis estadístico, visibilizan la importancia de un elevado grado de información y conocimiento así como de una experiencia directa con la discapacidad. Ambas circunstancias se traducen en actitudes más positivas y favorables. Tan solo el 20% de los alumnos manifestó haber recibido en alguna ocasión cualquier tipo de información sobre este asunto por parte de la Universidad; no obstante, la mayoría valora positivamente la presencia de alumnos con discapacidad en la Universidad, la posibilidad de contar ellos como compañeros de clase y el enriquecimiento que supone esta convivencia dentro del aula. Se discuten posibles acciones para mejorar las actitudes hacia los estudiantes con discapacidad. Además, se plantea incluir una perspectiva que promueva el empoderamiento de estos estudiantes. [1] PIE 10-135 y PIE 13-103.
Da Criação à Fase de Estruturação do IPEA: 1964 A 1970
Authors: Barbosa Walmir
Published: January 2016

A criação e a estruturação do IPEA (1964-1970) integrou um amplo processo de criação de instituições do aparato de Estado no Brasil. Envolveram elites econômicas e políticas, intelectuais orgânicos do mundo do capital (nativos e estrangeiros) e instituições nacionais e internacionais. Foi parte integrante do processo de implementação do modelo econômico desenvolvimentista, que materializava o padrão fordista-keynesiano de reprodução do capital ao mesmo tempo em que explorava as possibilidades que esse padrão e a hegemonia norte-americana permitiam. Refletiu demandas e convicções políticas e ideológicas tecnocráticas, sob o regime cívico-militar, que convergia planejamento e desenvolvimento, de um lado, e formação de instituições e quadros técnicos, de outro, que operassem, respectivamente, dentro de uma racionalidade política e administrativa e de uma competência técnico-científica e técnico-política.
A #imagem e o #sujeito: a percepção da imagem a partir do Instagram
Authors: Azevedo Thiago Guimarães
Published: January 2016

Este trabalho é parte da dissertação defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes da UFPA e visa compreender a relação existente entre imagem e memória no Instagram. Para isso, verificou-se o universo da imagem e sua interação com o indivíduo, dialogando com as modificações quanto sua constituição a partir do desenvolvimento dos dispositivos móveis, como smartphones e tablets, principais meios pelos quais se pode utilizar o Instagram. Com isso, frisou-se a relação dos indivíduos em Rede, por meio dessas zonas de interconexão, entretanto, percebe-se um encaminhamento para uma relação individualizada com outros atores sociais, onde, os grupos são montados de forma autorreferente e dessa forma, as relações se tornam mais fluidas e menos presenciais. A pesquisa ressalta a questão do fenômeno da memória a partir da imagem, tendo como abordagem metodológica a fenomenologia, visto que representa a construção de um imaginário a partir das experiências vividas.Palavras-chave: Imagem, Instagram, rede social
3x4: fotografia de prisão contemporânea e as representações do corpo encarcerado em duas prisões femininas de Moçambique
Authors: Martins Abranches de Sousa Camila Maissune , Monteiro Rosana Horio
Published: January 2016

No presente artigo discutimos os modos de representação do corpo encarcerado, através da fotografia contemporânea, buscando compreender como tais representações têm dialogado com os atuais sistemas de punição prisional e, consequentemente, impulsionado uma série de discussões relativas à autoridade e ética fotográficas. Em diálogo com as visualidades prisionais do século XIX, e orientando-nos pelo conceito de performatividade fotográfica, exploramos as potencialidades interpretativas que a fotografia oferece em relação ao corpo prisional, tomando como ponto de partida algumas das imagens que compõem o projeto fotográfico 3x4, realizado em duas prisões femininas de Moçambique, em 2011.  Palavras-chave:fotografia, prisão, corpo
Placement of Wavelength Converters in Dynamically Routed All Optical Networks in presence of Tunable Transceivers
Authors: Patil Shilpa S , Chaudhari Bharat S
Published: January 2016

Efficient routing with optimal resources is one of the challenging tasks in the design of DWDM networks. Wavelength Converter (WC) is an important resource, as the placement of WCs affects the network performance and the quantity of WCs affects the cost of the network. With the help of WCs the network performance can be maximized by removing the wavelength continuity constraint. As WCs are very expensive, selecting the candidate nodes for the placement of WCs in a network is important. In this paper we have proposed an optimized approach for the placement of WCs in the presence of tunable transceivers (TTRs) and fixed transceivers (FTRs). The performance analysis has been carried out for above approaches. Observation shows that sparse partial wavelength converters with various loads requires only 2.4% converters. When tunable transceivers are used an average reduction of 73% in blocking probability and average saving of 91% in required number of converters.
Price parity, channel conflict, and hotel rooms in Macao
Authors: Lee Patrick Chang Boon , Tang Heng , Fong Sarah Wai San
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this research was to determine whether there was price parity for hotel rooms in Macao. The study collected room prices based on hotel star categories at various sales channels. The room prices included three types of booking: reservations made on the day of stay, those made 14 days ahead, and those made 30 days ahead. The results were the same for the three types: price parity was observed for rooms at three-star and four-star hotels but not at five-star hotels. The authors offer explanations for these results and suggestions for hotel guests who intend to book rooms during their visit to Macao.
Effect of Square Planting and Nitrogen Scheduling on Yield and Micrometeorological Parameters in Maize
Authors: Selvakumar Dharmalingam , Velayudham Kumaran , Thavaprakaash Nallasamy
Published: January 2016

Altering plant spatial distribution induces changes in micro-meteorology of crop canopy and have cumulative effect on yield. Creation of suitable plant spatial distribution is indispensable to explore the beneficial effects of spatial pattern and it could be possible only through altering rectangular spatial distribution, which is commonly practiced in maize. Most of the nitrogen (N) scheduling approaches are growth stages based without considering crop demand and soil fertility status which may not yield better, warrants need based N management for better production in maize. The present study has investigated effects of spatial pattern and nitrogen scheduling on intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR), light extinction co-efficient (‘k’), leaf temperature (LT) and productivity of maize. The experiments were conducted during 2011 and 2012 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Treatments were laid out in split-plot design and replicated thrice. Treatments were: six levels of spatial pattern (60 × 25, 30 × 30, 35 × 35, 40 × 40, 45 × 45 and 50 × 50 cm). Growth stage based and need based approach of leaf color chart based (LCC) nitrogen scheduling were imposed. Field experimental results indicated that maize canopy under 30 × 30 and 35 × 35 cm spatial pattern intercepted 10 to 15% more light compared to rectangular pattern (60 × 25 cm). The ‘k’ value and leaf temperature were reduced under this pattern. Higher maize grain yield (GY) was recorded at 35 × 35 cm spatial distribution. The LCC based N scheduling recorded higher values of IPAR, LT and lower ‘k’ values. Square planting favored canopy micro-meterological parameters and which in turn enhanced grain yield of maize.
Climate Change and Food Production in Nigeria: Implication for Food Security in Nigeria
Authors: Idumah Felix O. , Mangodo Chimezie , Ighodaro Uyinmwen B. , Owombo Paul T.
Published: January 2016

Food production in Nigeria is largely dependent on natural environmental resources like rainfall, temperature and relative humidity. This study examined the impact of some of these climatic variables on food production in Nigeria from 1975 to 2010. Secondary time series data obtained from FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization statistics) and Nigerian Meteorological Agency were used for the study. The data were analyzed using some econometric tools such as Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test, Johansen Test and Vector Error Correction (VEC) Estimates. The ADF test reveals that relative humidity integrated at order zero level while rainfall and temperature and agricultural output were stationary after differencing at level 1 thus showing that the variables had relationship. The results of the Johansen co-integrated test revealed that there is one co-integrating equation at 5% showing a co-integrating relationship between agricultural output and the climatic variables. The Vector Error Correction Estimates indicated that rainfall was positively significant at 5% to food production on the short run indicating that vagaries in climate especially rainfall affected food production and output in Nigeria. It was recommended, therefore, that measure that could help to mitigate the adverse effects of inadequate rainfall e.g. irrigation, drought resistant crops varieties among others should be put in place by the government. Farmers should equally be sensitized and trained in the area of adaptation and mitigation of the effect of climate change as this will go a long way to ameliorate large scale failure in food production in the country.
In Vivo Yam (Dioscorea spp.) Vine Multiplication Technique: The Plausible Solution to Seed Yam Generation Menace
Authors: Otoo Emmanuel , Anyakanmi T. G. , Kikuno Hideniko , Asiedu Robert
Published: January 2016

A study was conducted to develop a vine multiplication package for generation of seed yam. The parameters assessed for the package were rooting media of the vine cuttings, yam variety and nutrient supplementation to the mother plant to generate minitubers. Nine varieties of yams were planted in 4 media types (soil, soil + sawdust, soil + carbonized rice husk and cocopeat) and 2 levels of nutrient supplementation (no supplementation and supplementation) using RCBD with 3 replications. The study was conducted over 2-year period. Boosting the nutrient status of the mother plant before excising the vines proved to enhance establishment and subsequently the yield of the vine cuttings. Incorporation of biochar in the planting media also enhanced establishment of the vine cuttings and subsequent yields. Success of the vine multiplication techniques also proved to be variety dependent. An in vivo vine multiplication package has been developed for yam seed generation.
Influence of the Soil Solarization Management and Fertilizer on Soil Temperature under Different Soil Tillage Systems
Authors: Al-Shammary Ahmed Abed Gatea , Al-Sadoon Jamal Naser Abedalrahman , Lahmod Nabil Raheem
Published: January 2016

The soil tillage system can notably influence soil solarization system under dry land farming in semiarid areas. Field experiments were conducted from 6/6/2013 to 1/9/2013, to evaluate the effects of soil tillage system, soil solarization system and fertilizer type on soil temperature at three depths as well as influence at gap between the mulch and soil surface. The experiment included three experimental factors. The first factor, soil tillage systems (moldboard plowing followed by spring disking {MP}, Rotary plough {RP}), the second factor represent the soil mulching systems in three levels (transparent mulch, black mulch and without mulch {control}), the third factor includes three fertilizers types (compose fertilizer; in compose fertilizer and chemical fertilizer). The results showed that the experimental factors effects on soil temperature, when used soil tillage system (MP), the higher soil temperature recorded at 10 cm depth ,its value 70 oC ( time 11 am) when mean solar radiation 1146 w/m2 in soil transparent mulching system and chemical fertilizer, as well as for treatment soil black mulch and compose fertilizer, but the lower soil temperature recorded at 30 cm depth, its value 35.8 oC (time 1 pm) when mean solar radiation 1147 w/m2 in soil transparent mulch and chemical fertilizer treatment. The highest soil temperature recorded at 10 cm depth, when used soil tillage system (RP), its value 78.3 oC (time 11 am) when mean solar radiation 1125 w/m2 in soil black mulch and chemical fertilizer, but the low soil temperature recorded at 30 cm depth, its value 41 oC (time 3 pm) when mean solar radiation 900 w/m2 in soil transparent mulch and compose fertilizer treatment. Moreover, the results showed the maximum temperature at gap between the mulch and the soil surface occurs at noon. Addition the obtained results demonstrated that all soil mulching system raised soil temperature substantially compared with without mulched.
A Culture of Success—Examining School Culture and Student Outcomes via a Performance Framework
Authors: Ohlson Matthew , Swanson Anne , Adams-Manning Andrea , Byrd Anna
Published: January 2016

This study is a report of the relationship between a collaborative school culture, teacher quality and the influence these variables have upon student attendance and suspensions. The research is based upon data gathered from 50 public schools throughout the southeastern United States. Surveys were administered to examine teacher quality characteristics, elements of educational leadership, and components of a collaborative school culture. Data were analyzed in relation to teacher input characteristics such as certification, years teaching, percentage teaching out of field, and highest degree obtained. The findings revealed that as teacher collaboration increased, the model predicted that student suspensions would decrease by 6.709%. In addition, the model predicted that when the percentage of out-of-field teachers within a school increased, student suspensions would decrease by 0.16%. Finally, as the percentage of non-certified teachers within a school increased, the student suspension percentage increased by .22%. The findings offer valuable insight into the characteristics of quality teaching and school culture that demonstrate the greatest impact on student attendance and suspensions and may influence educational policy, teacher training, educational leadership, and school reform initiatives.
Real-Time Fabric Defect Detection Using Accelerated Small-Scale Over-Completed Dictionary of Sparse Coding
Authors: Feng Tianpeng , Zou Lian , Yan Jia , Shi Wenxuan , Liu Yifeng , Fan Cien , Deng Dexiang
Published: January 2016

An auto fabric defect detection system via computer vision is used to replace manual inspection. In this paper, we propose a hardware accelerated algorithm based on a small-scale over-completed dictionary (SSOCD) via sparse coding (SC) method, which is realized on a parallel hardware platform (TMS320C6678). In order to reduce computation, the image patches projections in the training SSOCD are taken as features and the proposed features are more robust, and exhibit obvious advantages in detection results and computational cost. Furthermore, we introduce detection ratio and false ratio in order to measure the performance and reliability of the hardware accelerated algorithm. The experiments show that the proposed algorithm can run with high parallel efficiency and that the detection speed meets the real-time requirements of industrial inspection.