bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emergency Medical Services and the Pediatric Patient: Are the Needs Being Met?
Authors: Seidel James S. , Hornbein Mark , Yoshiyama Kathy , Kuznets Dorothy , Finklestein Jerry Z. , Geme Joseph W. St
Published: December 2021

Emergency medical systems are being developed throughout the United States primarily to deal with myocardial infarction and trauma. These programs often fail to recognize the special needs of the critically ill child. Data collected in Los Angeles County from the LA County Trauma Surveys, Mobile Intensive Care Unit Rescue Reports, and Base Station Hospitals demonstrate that children represent approximately 10% of the paramedic calls. The calls are for medical problems as well as trauma. These data suggest that children have a higher death rate in the field than adults, and deaths occur more commonly in areas where there are no pediatric centers. Children are often secondarily transferred from emergency departments to other centers for definitive care. This study suggests that the needs of children in the prehospital setting are not being met.
Reading Disability: Do the Eyes Have It?
Authors: LEVINE MELVIN D.
Published: December 2021

Poor school performance is an increasingly common presenting complaint in pediatric clinics and offices.1 The underachieving student can be an exasperating challenge to parents, teachers, and pediatricians. Delays in learning to read are among the most common manifestations of the so-called "low severity-high prevalence" disabilities of schoolchildren. Various subtle developmental lags interact with environmental conditions, educational experiences, and the child's intrinsic temperamental repertoire, with resultant delays in the acquisition of academic skill. It is difficult to stand by and observe passively a precipitous decline inn self-esteem, as a schoolchild becomes aware that peers are learnningn to read and he is not.
Echocardiographic Study of Premature Infants
Authors: LEVINE O. ROBERT
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—

In the multicenter echocardiographic study of premature infants reported by Johnson et al,1 the measurement of aortic root dimension is shown in their figure 1 as inner-to-inner echoes. The recommendation of the American Society of Echocardiography, as reported by Sahn et al2 is for an outer-to-inner (ie, leading edge) measurement. In small premature infants with aortic root dimension of approximately 6 mm, such a measurement difference may amount to 1 to 2 mm, and will lower the normal left atrial to aortic root ratio (LA:Ao) to less than unity as compared with the value of 1.1 or higher reported by Johnson et al.
Care of Infants with Myelomeningocele
Authors: SHURTLEFF DAVID B.
Published: December 2021

To the Editor.—

I have just completed reading the paper on myelomeningocele by Gross and associates,1 and I am honored that they quoted our opinions and work. I am also favorably impressed by their similar process for decision making.

I am concerned, however, about the data presented. The 33 children selected for nontreatment represent approximately 48% of the total of 69 patients. We have recently published a review of our own selection process wherein we chose 21% for delayed surgical treatment.2
Care of Infants with Myelomeningocele
Authors: GROSS RICHARD H. , COX ALAN D. , TATYREK RUTH , POLLAY MICHAEL , BARNES WILLIAM
Published: December 2021

In Reply.—

Most of the letters written in response to our paper on myelomeningocele1 express a common theme: that we have ignored technologic advances that are regarded as greatly improving the prognosis of the child with myelomeningocele. A number of statistics have been offered to substantiate the concept of an improved outlook for these babies. Some writers implied that our group needs education in the management of myelodysplasia. Finally, our interpretation of ethical writings has been challenged.
Apnea of Prematurity: II. Respiratory Reflexes
Authors: Gerhardt Tilo , Bancalari Eduardo
Published: December 2021

Airway obstruction is a cause of apnea in preterm infants. The activity of protective respiratory reflexes was determined in 18 preterm infants with apnea (mean of 32 episodes of more than 20 seconds duration per day) and in 18 neonates without apnea used as control subjects. This was done in order to elucidate the role of respiratory reflexes in apnea of prematurity. The infants were matched for birth weight (1,068 g v 1,065 g), gestational age (30.2 weeks v 30.2 weeks), and postnatal age (8.6 days v 8.3 days). The airway occlusion technique was used to determine the inspiratory prolongation of the occluded breath and the effective elastance of the respiratory system. Inspiratory prolongation is a measure for the reflex influence on inspiratory duration, and effective elastance reflects load compensating ability. Inspiratory prolongation was 7.3% ± 33.5% in infants with apnea and 30.6% ± 22.7% in the control group (P < .025). Effective elastance was 1.1 ± 0.5 cm H2O/mL in the apneic group and 1.5 ± 0.5 cm H2O/mL in the infants without apnea (P < .025). The results indicate that during exposure to respiratory loads, the infants with apnea maintained inspiratory effort poorly and had a decreased ability for load compensation. Their respiratory reflexes were significantly more immature than the reflex activity of the infants without apnea. This functional immaturity of respiratory reflexes may be a contributing factor in the etiology of apnea of prematurity.
Different High-Frequency Ventilator Strategies: Effect on the Propagation of Tracheobronchial Histopathologic Changes
Authors: Wiswell Thomas E. , Bley John A. , Turner Barbara S. , Hunt Robert E. , Fritz David L.
Published: December 2021

To assess the role of high-frequency ventilator strategy in the propagation of airway injury, we compared the tracheobronchial histologic alterations in 20 newborn piglets ventilated for 8 hours with high-frequency flow interruption (HFFI). Ten animals were assigned to HFFI with a strategy of continuous pulsations at a frequency of 10 Hz and a mean airway pressure of 16 cm H2O. Ten piglets were treated at identical settings except for 10 one-second baseline pauses per minute to a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O. A semiquantitative scoring system was used to grade light microscopic tissue alterations in the trachea, carina, and mainstem bronchi. Ultrastructural changes were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. The HFFI-continuous-treated piglets had significantly more damage in all areas than the HFFI-baseline pause group (P < .001). The upper tracheas of animals in both groups were altered to a greater extent than the lower tracheas (P < .007). In addition, numerous "skip" areas of injury were noted throughout the tracheas. High-frequency ventilator strategy is a determinant of the severity of airway histologic changes. Factors that adversely affect tissue oxygenation or cause direct mechanical trauma may also influence the degree of injury. Optimal operating characteristics and limitations of different high-frequency devices must be assessed before their use in human neonates.
ADOLESCENT SUICIDE: ENDPOINT OF LONG-TERM DIFFICULTIES
Authors: Marttunen Mauri J. , Aro Hillevi M. , Lonnqvist Jouko K.
Published: December 2021

Characteristics of adolescent suicide victims (N = 53) were investigated in a nationwide study of suicides in Finland. The data were collected through interviews with the victims' parents and attending health cane personnel and from official records. Four victims in 10 had shown antisocial behavior. One-third of the adolescents had previous suicide attempts, and 6 in 10 were known to have venbalized their suicidal thoughts. One-third of the victims had been in contact with a psychiatric care system. The results suggest that most adolescent suicides are an endpoint of long-term difficulties, and all suicidal tendencies among adolescents should be taken seriously.
Lead Poisoning: From Screening To Primary Prevention
Authors: Gellert George A. , Wagner Gerald A. , Maxwell Roberta M. , Moore Douglas , Foster Len
Published: December 2021

In its recent statement on lead poisoning1 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Environmental Health articulated recommendations for screening that subtly but importantly differ from the approach currently being implemented by public health authorities across the nation. Universal screening for lead burden in children may be occurring in jurisdictions in which local data do not support this policy.2 The AAP noted significantly that there may exist low-risk communities that do not require screening, and locales in which selective screening of children is more appropriate than routine screening.1
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Hyman Daniel , Holland Baxter C. , Lockman Bruce E. , DeFelice Peggy L. , Belser Nancy L.
Published: December 2021

As practicing pediatricians, we read with great interest the recent article by Baraff et al1 regarding the management of febrile illnesses in children. The authors took great care to recommend an approach to this common problem which might be practically followed in both practitioners' offices and hospital emergency departments. Previous studies have documented the well-recognized disparity which exists between pediatric offices and hospital emergency departments regarding the laboratory evaluation performed in situations in which young children have fever without an apparent source.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Kokx Nicholas Paul
Published: December 2021

I would like the authors of the article "Guideline for Management of Fever Without Soource"1 to comment on the following questions, observations, and counter points:

1. How does the data in Table 1 on page 3 support option 2 (of Fig 2 on page 5) for outpatient management of "low-risk" infants 28 to 90 days old? Table 1 lists the risk for meningitis as 39/1000 for the toxic infant, and 5/1000 for low-risk infants (defined as previously healthy, nontoxic appearing febrile infants with a negative physical examination and a negative laboratory screen, ie, white blood cell (WBC) count >5000 and <15 000 with <1500 bands, a normal urinalysis, and <5 WBC/high-power field in stool if diarrhea is present).
REGIONAL ALLIANCES—WHAT THEY COULD DO
Authors: L. J. F.
Published: December 2021

Under the health bill, almost all Americans must buy basic health coverage through the "regional alliance" where they live. Regional alliances are governmentrun monopolies that decide which health plans will be offered, collect premiums from employers and residents, and pay most of the premium money to insurers and HMOs ...

The alliance limits what we can pay our own doctor. The alliance posts a schedule of doctors' fees, and it is illegal for doctors to accept more (pages 131, 231-232). The consequences of price controls are predictable.

In Japan, where similar controls are in place, doctors hurry from examining room to examining room, seeing on average 49 patients a day to compensate for low fees and to make ends meet. American doctors will do the same. In the U.S., when Medicare administrators froze physician reimbursement rates a decade ago, doctors compensated by stretching out treatments over several quick visits, to see patients more often. In a last-ditch effort to make Canadian price controls work, Ontario and Quebec put legal limits on physicians' incomes to eliminate the incentive to see patients more often.
WHAT IF THERE'S NOT ENOUGH MONEY?
Authors: L. J. F.
Published: December 2021

The Health Security Bill spells out the troubling answer. A National Health Board—seven people appointed by the president—will decide how much the nation can spend on health care each year. Based on that budget, the board puts price caps on premiums to limit the money paid into the health care system (pages 252, 974-977). If medical needs exceed that budget and premium money runs low, the bill requires state governments and insurers to make "automatic, mandatory, nondiscretionary reductions in payments" to doctors, nurses and hospitals are slashed, as the bill requires? New York City hospitals, which operate with only four days' cash on hand, would experience life-threatening shortages: nurses working without pay, medications withheld because of cost.
Epigenetics in Pediatrics
Authors: Puumala Susan E. , Hoyme H. Eugene
Published: December 2021

Epigenetic mechanisms are external modifications of DNA that cause changes in gene function and are involved in many diseases. Specific examples of pediatric diseases with a known or suspected epigenetic component include Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, childhood leukemia, allergies, asthma, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, childhood obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, epigenetically active treatments are being used to treat childhood leukemia. Potential epigenetically active treatments and preventive regimens are under study for other diseases. Pediatricians need to be aware of the epigenetic basis of disease to help inform clinical decision making in the future.
The Patient-Parent-Pediatrician Relationship: Everyday Ethics in the Office
Authors: Lantos John
Published: December 2021

Pediatricians and parents generally try to do what is best for children, but they do not always agree about what that is. Mothers and fathers may disagree with each other. Parents may disagree with pediatricians. Disagreements can arise about the goals, nature, and value of communication with children about health information. Disagreements can arise over the value of particular medical interventions. Some disagreements are grounded in different religious beliefs. Some are about moral values. Some are disagreements about ends, others about the best means to an agreed on end. If there is an intractable disagreement and discussion has failed to resolve that disagreement, pediatricians must decide whether to compromise their own values to preserve a therapeutic relationship, sever that relationship, or try to override a parental choice by referring a case to child protection authorities. Most cases can be resolved and a consensus found. This article discusses some common scenarios in which disagreements arise, including home birth, refusal of vitamin K, vaccine hesitancy, birth control for teens, corporal punishment, and surreptitious drug testing.
Preventing Gun Injuries in Children
Authors: Crossen Eric J. , Lewis Brenna , Hoffman Benjamin D.
Published: December 2021

Firearms are involved in the injury and death of a large number of children each year from both intentional and unintentional causes. Gun ownership in homes with children is common, and pediatricians should incorporate evidence-based means to discuss firearms and protect children from gun-related injuries and violence. Safe storage of guns, including unloaded guns locked and stored separately from ammunition, can decrease risks to children, and effective tools are available that pediatricians can use in clinical settings to help decrease children’s access to firearms. Furthermore, several community-based interventions led by pediatricians have effectively reduced firearm-related injury risks to children. Educational programs that focus on children’s behavior around guns have not proven effective.
Barreras y facilitadores en la implementación de la estrategia de atención primaria en salud en Palmira, Colombia
Authors: Reina Bolaños Carlos Alberto , Tobar Blandón María F.
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Conocer las barreras y facilitadores para la continuidad en la implementación de la estrategia de Atención Primaria en Salud en Palmira.Métodos Se tomó la experiencia de Atención Primaria en Salud (APS) del ente territorial de salud del Municipio de Palmira, Colombia, un territorio de aproximadamente 283 431 habitantes. Se usó el enfoque metodológico cualitativo mediante el análisis de contenido temático. La población objeto fueron los informantes clave, individuos con un papel potencialmente significativo en la formulación y desarrollo de la estrategia de APS, elegidos con un enfoque no probabilístico por conveniencia. La información se obtuvo de fuentes primarias y secundarias y se utilizó el software informático de análisis cualitativo Atlas Ti V7, como herramienta de apoyo para el manejo de datos.Resultados El análisis de barreras y facilitadores para la continuidad de la estrategia de APS identificó las principales características de la estrategia y una serie de temas recurrentes al momento de analizar las posibles barreras y facilitadores en los componentes de proceso, actores, contenido y contexto. Cada uno de estos temas presentó comportamientos diversos según la percepción de los participantes. Algunos temas fueron percibidos como facilitadores, barreras o como ambos.Conclusión Al comparar las barreras y facilitadores, se encontró que, a nivel global, son mayores las barreras que los facilitadores, comportamiento reflejado en la teoría, que indica que la población con algún tipo de vulnerabilidad presenta mayor cantidad de barreras frente a los servicios de salud y que la estrategia de APS hace especial énfasis en este tipo de población.
Condiciones habitacionales y observación de triatominos como estimación de riesgo de domiciliación en Santa Rosalía, Vichada, Colombia
Authors: Niño Larry , Castro Salas Mirley , Moncada Ligia Inés
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Correlacionar la observación de triatominos en el intradomicilio y las condiciones habitacionales y ecológicas del entorno como estimación de riesgo de domiciliación.Materiales y Métodos Estudio transversal descriptivo, por medio de encuestas estructuradas no aleatorias, implementadas en 162 viviendas. El análisis incluyó métodos univariados, bivariados y modelos de regresión de logística binaria.Resultados Los principales factores asociados a la observación de triatominos se relacionan con los materiales estructurales de la vivienda, acceso a servicios públicos, presencia de palmas y mamíferos excavadores.Conclusiones El piso de tierra y el techo de palma en las viviendas son importantes en la domiciliación del vector, mientras que la presencia de palmas y mamíferos excavadores sugieren la preferencia de los triatominos hacia los ecotopos naturales sobre los ambientes antrópicos.
Sonography of tendon pathology in the hand and wrist
Authors:   adiology, Balgrist University
            Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Rosskopf Andrea B. ,   Radiology, ARISTRA,
            Switzerland, Martinoli Carlo ,   Department of Health Science
            (DISSAL), Università di Genova, Italy,   IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico
            San Martino, Italy, Sconfienza Luca M. ,   IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico
            Galeazzi, Italy,   Department of Biomedical
            Sciences for Health, University of Milano, Italy, Gitto Salvatore ,   Department of Biomedical
            Sciences for Health, University of Milano, Italy, Taljanovic Mihra S. ,   Department of Radiology,
            University of New Mexico, United States,   Departments of Medical
            Imaging and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Arizona, United States, Picasso Riccardo ,   IRCCS, Ospedale Policlinico
            San Martino, Italy, Klauser Andrea ,   Department of Radiology,
            Division of Rheumatology and Sports Imaging, Medical University Innsbruck,
            Austria
Published: December 2021

Traumatic and non-traumatic tendon lesions are common at the wrist and hand. For
the diagnosis, therapy management, and long-term prognosis of tendon lesions, a detailed
understanding of the complex anatomy and knowledge of typical injury patterns is crucial
for both radiologists and clinicians. Improvements in high-resolution ultrasound are
producing high quality images of the superficial tendinous and peritendinous structures.
Thus, ultrasound is a valuable first-choice tool for visualizing traumatic,
inflammatory, and degenerative conditions of the extensor and flexor tendons,
particularly with the advantage of possible dynamic examination. The additional use of
duplex-Doppler and power Doppler ultrasound imaging is recommended for detection of
tenosynovitis in overuse injury, inflammatory disease, infection, and after traumatic
conditions. In traumatic tendon injuries, knowing the precise injury zone is important
for treatment decision-making. In cases of tendon rupture, the radiologist should report
the tear type (i.e., complete or partial-thickness) and assess the degree of tendon
retraction and associated avulsion injury, including the degree of fragment
displacement. The function of intact flexor tendons may be impaired by thickening,
strain, or rupture of corresponding annular pulleys. This review describes in detail the
typical ultrasound imaging features of common pathologies of hand and wrist tendons,
including annular pulley lesions.
PELAKSANAAN IZIN USAHA SECARA ELEKTRONIK SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN INVESTASI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Al Huzni Syifa , Susanto Yoghi Arief
Published: December 2021

Abstract: The implementation of electronic business licensing with the aim of encouraging and increasing investment in Indonesia. However, the entire process is still not managed online and the sharing of data that has not been integrated between agencies allows the licensing process to still exist and have long obstacles. This study aims to explain the implementation of business providing services in Indonesia according to Government Regulation Number 24 of 2018 concerning Electronic Business Licensing Services and explain the obstacles to investment licensing in Indonesia based on PP No. 24 of 2018 concerning electronic licensing services with legal certainty. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method with a normative juridical approach. This study explains that investment licensing in Indonesia has not gone well because there are still obstacles such as aspects of regulation, system, and management. So this does not provide legal certainty guarantees to investors who will carry out investment activities in Indonesia. It is hoped that this research will provide a solution to the problem of investment and investment licensing in Indonesia.Abstrak: Penyelenggaraan perizinan berusaha secara elektronik oleh pemerintah dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mempercepat dan meningkatkan penanaman modal di Indonesia. Namun seluruh proses masih belum diurus secara online dan data sharing yang belum terintegrasi antar instansi mengakibatkan proses perizinan masih menemui hambatan dan birokrasi yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan implementasi layanan pemberian izin berusaha di Indonesia menurut Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2018 tentang Pelayanan Perizinan Berusaha Secara Elektronik, dan menjelaskan hambatan perizinan investasi di Indonesia berdasarkan PP No. 24 tahun 2018 tentang pelayanan perizinan berusaha secara elektronik hubungannya dengan asas kepastian hukum. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan implementasi perizinan investasi di Indonesia belum berjalan baik, karena masih terdapat hambatan-hambatan seperti aspek regulasi, sistem, dan tata laksana. Sehingga hal tersebut belum memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum kepada investor yang akan melakukan aktivitas investasi di Indonesia. Diharapkan melalui penelitian ini dapat memberikan solusi terhadap masalah perizinan investasi dan penanaman modal di Indonesia.
Frequency estimation and semantic ambiguity do not eliminate ‎conjunction bias, when it ‎occurs: Replication and extension of ‎Mellers, Hertwig, and Kahneman (2001)‎
Authors: Chandrashekar Subramanya , Cheng‎ Yat Hin , Fong‎ Chi Long , Leung‎ Ying Chit , Wong Yui Tung , Cheng Bo Ley , Feldman Gilad
Published: December 2021

Mellers, Hertwig, and Kahneman (2001) conducted an adversarial collaboration to try and resolve Hertwig’s contested view that frequency formats eliminate conjunction effects, and that conjunction effects are largely due to semantic ambiguity. We conducted a pre-registered well-powered very close replication ‎(N = 1032), ‎testing two personality profiles (Linda and James) in a four conditions between-subject design comparing unlikely and likely items to "and" and "and are" conjunctions. Linda profile findings were in support of conjunction effect and consistent with Tversky and Kahneman’s (1983) arguments for a representative heuristic. We found no support for semantic ambiguity. Findings for James profile were a likely failed replication, with no conjunction effect. We provided additional tests addressing possible reasons, in line with later literature suggesting conjunction effects may be context-sensitive. We discuss implications for research on conjunction effect, and call for further well-powered pre-registered replications and extensions of classic findings in judgment and decision-making.
Rapid sanitary and technological control of culturing the producers of amylolytic enzymes.
Authors: Pylypenko L. , Yegorova A. , Volovyk T. , Konovka A. , Oliinyk L.
Published: December 2021

It has been established that the biotechnological process of culturing bacillary microbial producers of amylolytic enzymes can be express-controlled by determining their ATP bioluminescence. The advantages of the method have been shown. The analytical review of producers of hydrolytic enzymes has made it clear how practical it is to use bacillary microorganisms for targeted secretion of amylolytic enzymes in biotechnological production. After monitoring bacillary microorganisms, it has been found advisable to choose Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the working culture due to its time of production of amylolytic enzymes and its biosynthetic activity. Reasons have been given for using the rapid ATP control method, which is based on the principle of bioluminescence. Different growth media have been compared and evaluated in order to intensify the quantitative biosynthetic activity of the microbial culture in the technological process of culturing bacillary microorganisms. The experiments have proved that growth media can be modified by introducing a number of carbohydrate–protein substrates as inducers of amylolytic complex gene expression. The latter manifests itself in the amylolytic activity accelerated by 12–24 hours, and causes an increase in the number of microorganisms (1.87–3.99 times as many as in the reference culture). Two methods of control (rapid bioluminescent and classic microbiological) have been used for correlative determination of the quantitative growth of Bacillus subtilis cells. Mathematical straight-line correlations have been obtained in a semilogarithmic system for the number of cells of the bacillary producer of the amylolytic enzyme complex. These correlations allow carrying out rapid control in a production environment. Along with the traditional rapid sanitary control in biotechnological production, which includes controlling the contamination of the equipment, personnel’s hands, and water, it has been suggested to perform proprietary technological express control of amylolytic enzyme biosynthesis using the culture Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633
GEROPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF FOOD PLANTS
Authors: Oliіnyk P. , Voronenko D. , Lysiuk R. , Oliinyk A. , Oliinyk S.
Published: December 2021

People’s ageing causes economic and social problems all over the world. The article presents the results of the analysis of modern research on ways and means that can eliminate the causes of ageing, prolong the active longevity and working ability of the elderly. It has been established that human health and longevity depend on the specific features of a person’s nutrition and are affected by micronutrient deficiency in the body caused by unbalanced diet. Considering the free radical theory of ageing, which is based on the chemical nature and ubiquity of free radicals, it has been found that consumption of plant foods rich in antioxidants prevents oxidative damage to cellular structures, which is caused by reactive oxygen species. It has been demonstrated that well-known plant antioxidants, such as flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds, have a protective effect. They modulate energy metabolism in a way conducive to well-being and longevity, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases and ageing. It has been established that the antioxidant effect of flavonoids involves scavenging of free lipoperoxide radicals, inhibition of nitric oxide production, inactivation of peroxynitrite and other oxidants, inhibition of xanthine oxidase and other radical-producing enzymes, chelation of metals. Neuroprotective and radioprotective properties of flavonoids have been revealed. Flavonoids can inhibit regulatory enzymes or transcription factors that are important for the control of inflammatory mediators, affect oxidative stress through DNA interactions, and enhance genomic stability. Combinations of polyphenols can exhibit synergistic or additive beneficial effects. It has been shown that the rational use of plant-based diets rich in polyphenolic compounds helps to reduce the total mortality rate and, in particular, mortality from coronary heart disease, to maintain sustainable weight management, to decrease the frequency and severity of high-risk conditions such as obesity, hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and improve the general condition in cases of long-neglected cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
FRACTIONATION OF OIL OF A NEW LINE OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS
Authors: Papchenko V. , Matveeva T. , Khareba V. , Khareba O.
Published: December 2021

The main methods of obtaining fractionated oils and fats have been analysed. They involve three essentially different processes of fractionation of acylglycerols: dry fractionation, aqueous fractionation with a detergent, and solvent fractionation. Considerable attention has been paid to determining the conditions for fractionation of sunflower oil modified in its fatty acid composition. It has been emphasised that using stearic sunflower oil free from trans fatty acids as a source of fats is a topical task. The practical importance of complex research on fractional crystallisation of stearic sunflower oil has been substantiated. The experiments have allowed establishing the fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of the oil of the new line of sunflower seeds of the saturated type Х114В (stearic type). The structure of its acylglycerols has been mathematically determined. Data have been obtained that besides the increased stearic acid content (9.1% of the total fatty acids), the oil under study also contains a significant amount of the disaturated–monounsaturated fraction of acylglycerols (6.16%). The method of fractionating sunflower oil of the stearic type, which has been scientifically substantiated, involves one-stage fractional crystallisation from the melt. The conditions of fractional crystallisation have been experimentally established: the crystallisation temperature range (+6 – +9°С), the crystallisation time (38 days), and the cooling rate (≈0.0051°С/s). The target fraction of sunflower oil of the stearic type has been obtained. It differs from the original oil in its fatty acid and acylglycerol composition. The yield of this oil fraction was 24.57%. It has been found that the fatty acid composition of this fraction has a content of palmitic acid increased by 0.9% and that of stearic acid higher by 3.3%, while its linoleic acid content decreased to 41.9%. The total amount of saturated fatty acids in the target fraction sample is 19.8% of all fatty acids. It has been found that the proportion of disaturated–monounsaturated acylglycerols in the target fraction increases by 3.27%. The resulting target fraction will be useful in flour and confectionery technologies as a substitute for fats containing trans fatty acids
BIOLOGICAL VALUE AND CONSUMER PROPERTIES OF FISH PASTES
Authors: Menchynska A. , Manoli T. , Tyshchenko L. , Pylypchuk O. , Ivanyuta A. , Holembovska N. , Nikolaenko M.
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a study of the quality parameters of fish pastes and confirms their value as food products with optimised nutritional and biological characteristics. Sensory evaluation of fish pastes has shown that the samples developed have higher consumer properties compared with the control sample. The results of the profile analysis by the flavour method show that the paste Ikrynka is the closest to the ideal taste profile. The findings on the chemical composition characterise fish pastes as products with high nutritional value due to the significant content of proteins and lipids. The paste Ikrynka contains 12.68% of proteins, and the paste Zakusochna 13.43%, which is at the level of the control sample (13.05%). The mass fraction of lipids in the experimental samples exceeds the control: in the paste Ikrynka, the lipid content is 40.06%, in Zakusochna, it is 36.64%, and in the control sample, the proportion of lipids is 11.41%. The results of studying the amino acid composition of proteins show that in the test samples, all essential amino acids are present. They are well-balanced, which indicates their high biological value and makes the pastes easily assimilated by the human body. The study of the fatty acid composition of lipids present in the fish pastes shows that in the samples developed, polyunsaturated fatty acids predominate: their share in the paste Zakusochna is 44.23%, and in Ikrynka, 48.42%. By the ratios of the fatty acids С18:2:С18:1, С18:2:С18:3, and ω6:ω3, both samples of pastes are equivalent to ideal fat, which indicates high biological effectiveness of lipids in fish pastes. It has been found that the pastes Ikrynka and Zakusochna are high in vitamin E (1.83 mg/100 g and 1.64 mg/100 g respectively) due to a significant amount of vegetable oil in their composition. Ikrynka contains quite a lot of carotenoids (3.47 mg/100 g) due to the presence of carrots in its composition. The results of studying the mineral composition show that the samples of pastes developed are a source of zinc
Mâtürîdiyye’de Küfrün Affının Aklen Cevazı Meselesi
Authors: BAYRAM İbrahim
Published: December 2021

Ehl-i sünnet çatısı altında birleşen Mâtürîdiyye ile Eşꜥariyye’nin bazı konularda fikir ayrılığına düştükleri bilinmektedir. İşbu ilk mezhebin ikincisinden farklı düşündüğü konular arasında kâfirin affının aklen cevazı meselesi de yer almaktadır. Bu hususta Mâtürîdiyye olumsuz bir tavır alırken, Eşꜥariyye ise buna imkân tanımıştır. İlgili naslar itibariyle böyle bir şeyin mümkün olmadığında ittifak eden mezhepler, diğer kimi konulardaki yaklaşımlarına bağlı olarak işin akli cevaziyetinde ihtilafa düşmüşlerdir. Küfrün şerꜥi boyutu dışında akli planda da affa konu olamayacağını savunan Mâtürîdîler, bu bağlamda muhtelif delillere başvurmuşlardır. Çoğu bizzat İmam Mâtürîdî tarafından ortaya konulan ilgili deliller, temel itibariyle Allah’ın hakîm olmasına, buna bağlı olarak da hikmetsizlik barındıran küfrün affının, O’nun tarafından gerçekleştirilmeyeceği anlayışı üzerine bina edilmiştir. Meselenin ayrıntısına inildiğinde ise, küfrün hiçbir hayır barındırmaması, ebedi bir inanç pozisyonunda bulunması, özü itibariyle kabih olup yasağının kalkmasının düşünülememesi, bağışlanmasının uygun bir af konumunda olmaması ve söz konusu affın iyi ile kötüyü eşit bir konuma getirecek olması gibi gerekçelere dayanılmıştır.
A importância do input e output dos pais em crianças bilingues
Authors: Fernandes Custódio Anabela , Sánchez Casado Inmaculada
Published: December 2021

A quantidade e qualidade de input recebido dos pais é fundamental para que as crianças produzam output, elas recebem informação, processam a informação recebida e produzem conhecimento. Lundquist-Mog e Widlok (2015) mencionam a investigadora Gabriele Kniffka (2013) que explica a aprendizagem de uma língua referindo que o cérebro da criança, ao contactar com uma segunda língua, pelos quatro anos de idade, compartimenta e absorve o input de uma forma criativa, baseando-se nos conhecimentos já adquiridos incluindo os saberes da sua língua materna, define generalizações de forma que vai juntar o novo conhecimento adquirido ao que já aprendeu. A generalização ajuda a criança a desenvolver novas regras gramaticais ou palavras sem sentido tentando arranjar novas formas de se exprimir. A criança serve-se desta estratégia para fazer experimentações como formular ideias e deve ser motivada a falar recebendo da parte do professor o input correto. Para que a criança desenvolva um repertório numa língua estrangeira que lhe conceda as habilidades linguísticas suficientes para se expressar é necessário receber uma grande quantidade de inputs. Esta condição será primordial para que a criança progrida na aprendizagem. Destacam as autoras Lundquist-Mog e Widlok (2015), que o facto de a criança ouvir primeiro leva a crer que quantos mais impulsos auditivos receber, mais será capaz de imitar e de reproduzir. Este estudo desenvolve-se com os progenitores de 31 crianças e tem como objetivo avaliar a importância do input e output dos pais em crianças bilingues. Os progenitores responderam a um questionário sociolinguístico cuja recolha de dados informativos serviu de base para estudar a quantidade de input linguístico que os falantes bilingues recebem em cada uma das suas línguas, assim como a diversidade e a qualidade das fontes de exposição linguística a que têm acesso e que são considerados como fatores intervenientes no processo de aquisição bilingue.
La importancia de la educación socioemocional en la atención de la diversidad visual en nivel inicial
Authors: Cahum González Wendy Itzameny , Zuñiga Rodríguez Maricela
Published: December 2021

La presente comunicación tiene el objetivo de realizar un acercamiento a la importancia de la educación socioemocional en la atención a la diversidad visual en un aula de educación inicial, desde la teoría Ecológica de Urie Brofenbrenner, mismas que se fundamentan en la educación socioemocional, enmarcando la importancia del conocimiento, comprensión y la perspectiva de las circunstancias socioemocionales que rodean al estudiante, desde la perspectiva docente.
Autostem para a inclusão: adaptação de um guião pedagógico para crianças cegas ou com baixa visão
Authors: Costa Conceição , Gomes Rosário , Barata Luís , Bidarra Graça , Alferes Valentim , Santos Anália , Vaz-Rebelo Piedade
Published: December 2021

No sentido de promover a inclusão educativa nas atividades do projeto Erasmus + Automata for STEM nr 2018-1-PT01-KA201-047499, desenvolveu-se a adaptação para crianças cegas ou com baixa visão do guião pedagógico de um dos autómatos do projeto, visando, por um lado, promover a representação mental do protótipo e das partes que o constituem e, por outro, a construção do mesmo pelas crianças. Trata-se de um pássaro, feito com papel e cartão, cujo movimento provocado, através do movimento deslizar, é o bater das asas. Tendo em consideração a importância que a informação auditiva e o experienciar táctil assumem na cegueira e baixa visão, ao longo do processo de adaptação do guião foram desenvolvidos recursos adicionais, tais como folhas em relevo para uma exploração táctil das formas geométricas do brinquedo e ainda diversas descrições e instruções que o/a professor/a ou educador/a pode seguir para fomentar por exemplo a representação mental de conceitosgeométricos pelas crianças.
Oratoria y debate como facilitadores del pensamiento crítico en tiempos post-pandémicos
Authors: Robles Bonifacio Carlos
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Recientes investigaciones nos animan a profundizar en el desarrollo de las capacidades de las herramientas que el uso del debate y la oratoria nos proporcionan para el fortalecimiento del pensamiento crítico. Somos conscientes de la necesidad que tenemos en los tiempos actuales post-pandémicos de facilitar a nuestros estudiantes una visión más rica de la realidad. Interpretar esta realidad con un mayor acierto nos capacita en las decisiones personales y sociales a ser más autónomos y responsables y por tanto alcanzar mayores cotas de libertad. Objetivos: Profundizar en los conceptos oratoria y debate como disciplinas adecuadas al fortalecimiento del pensamiento crítico. Relacionar el pensamiento crítico y la libertad individual como conceptos esenciales del desarrollo personal y social. Método: En nuestra comunicación se pretende valorar y analizar el mayor número de variables implicadas en la disciplina del debate y la oratoria que nos conduzcan a un desarrollo más profundo del pensamiento crítico. Esta comunicación tiene como objetivo establecer las bases de un análisis estadístico que nos permita relacionar oratoria y debate y sus implicaciones en la mejora del pensamiento crítico.
Variables socioemocionales y de atención plena en el bienestar subjetivo
Authors: Luján Henríquez Isabel , Martín Rodríguez Rosa Delia
Published: December 2021

En las últimas décadas ha cobrado especial interés el estudio, tanto teórico como empírico, sobre la valoración que realizan las personas en relación a la satisfacción que pueden sentir acerca de su vida con la finalidad de descubrir, prevenir y promover las variables y los recursos que inciden para poder tener una vida plena y feliz. En esta línea, desde la perspectiva de la Psicología Positiva, se planteó una investigación con dos objetivos fundamentales. Por un lado, conocer qué perfil socioemocional (Moldes Mentales, Pensamiento Constructivo e Inteligencia emocional) subyace en las personas que han participado en un programa de Atención Plena y si este tipo de variables permiten predecir el índice de bienestar subjetivo. Por otro lado, valorar la repercusión de la participación en un programa Mindfulness (atención plena) sobre el bienestar subjetivo, no solo en el propio autoconocimiento, sino, además, en el establecimiento de las relaciones interpersonales. En la investigación, en la que las variables socioemocionales y la atención plena son variables predictivas y el bienestar subjetivo es la variable criterio, participaron 117 estudiantes universitarios con parámetros de normalidad estandarizada de los cuales 34 son hombres y 83 mujeres, que siguieron de forma activa un programa de entrenamiento en Mindfulness. Los resultados obtenidos, con la aplicación de pruebas pertinentes y los procedimientos estadísticos adecuados de medidas pretest y postest, nos permiten afirmar que la competencia de atención plena y determinadas variables socioemocionales (Pensamiento Constructivo Global y Moldes de Espontaneidad Vital, Ajuste, y Optimización) correlacionan con diferencias estadísticas significativas con el bienestar subjetivo y que, además, permiten su predicción. Por otro lado, las altas puntuaciones obtenidas en el pensamiento constructivo señalan que existe la aceptación de sí mismo y hacia los demás, lo que permite mantener buenas relaciones interpersonales y actuar con coherencia y asertividad sin emitir juicos de valor.
A importância da teoria bioecológica na compreensão e diagnóstico do fenómeno dos maus tratos infantis
Authors: Lopes Elisabete , Caçador Anastácio Zélia
Published: December 2021

A Criminologia, ciência empírica e multidisciplinar, tem como objeto de estudo o crime e estuda-o de acordo com a perspetiva biológica, psicológica e social, atendendo a três vertentes, três personagens e três atos. Urie Bronfenbrenner desenvolveu o modelo ecológico e posteriormente adaptou-o para o designado modelo bioecológico do desenvolvimento humano. O mesmo tem sido usado por diversas disciplinas para a explicação de fenómenos como a violência. Esta teoria estuda o desenvolvimento humano de acordo com a interação do processopessoa-contexto-tempo, sendo aplicada em meio natural de vida, podendo ser usada para compreender o desenvolvimento infantil e, por conseguinte, o fenómeno dos maus tratos praticados contra crianças, pois permite analisar os fatores de risco e de proteção ao mesmo tempo que averigua as suas relações. O presente trabalho apresenta uma breve resenha sobre a teoria bioecológica e a sua aplicabilidade em possíveis situações de maus tratos contra crianças, envolvendo a importância da prevenção e intervenção com grupos de risco, podendo contribuir para um possível diagnóstico destas situações.
La respuesta socio-emocional en tiempos de pandemia de COVID19 en el aula de segundo curso de educación primaria
Authors: Salueña Tena Ángela , Antoñanzas Laborda José Luis , Mateo Hernando Laura
Published: December 2021

Las consecuencias provocadas por la pandemia COVID-19, han generado un deterioro en el desarrollo socioemocional de la población, afectando en gran medida a los niños. Esto se debe al aislamiento social que produce respuestas negativas en la expresión de las emociones, sentimientos y pensamientos, fomentando las relaciones sociales desde una perspectiva que no incluya el contacto físico. Por esta razón, a través de la propuesta de intervención planteada desde el ámbito educativo, se han desarrollado nuevas alternativas que mejoren la respuesta socioemocional infantil a través de actividades que impulsan las relaciones sociales a través del lenguaje corporal y la expresión emocional mediante el dibujo.
Estilos educativos parentales en una muestra de personas drogodependientes y sus familias
Authors: Isidro de Pedro Ana Isabel , Triñanes Queiruga Lara
Published: December 2021

La presente investigación aborda el fenómeno de la drogodependencia en relación con los estilos educativos parentales y la familia como factor de riesgo y de protección respecto a aquélla. En este sentido, se realiza un estudio de corte cualitativo a través de entrevistas a una muestra de personas que sufren adicción, residentes en una Comunidad Terapéutica, y a familiares de las mismas. Tras el análisis de los datos obtenidos se observa – en consonancia con estudios previos revisados– que las personas con alguna adicción refieren haber vivenciado ciertas situaciones familiares compatibles con las propias de estilos educativos parentales autoritarios y permisivo-negligentes. Por otro lado, las familias entrevistadas vinculan la adicción al grupo de pares, aunque también lo relacionan con la vivencia de ambientes familiares poco estructurados. En suma, este estudio resalta la importancia de la educación parental como clave para la prevención de conductas adictivas.
Actitudes y creencias de los docentes hacia el alumnado con altas capacidades intelectuales y la importancia de la formación del profesorado en este ámbito
Authors: Gómez Labrador Carmen
Published: December 2021

Esta investigación plantea demostrar cómo la formación específica que reciben los docentes, en este caso, sobre el alumnado con altas capacidades intelectuales, es capaz de modificar favorablemente, creencias y actitudes previas hacia estos alumnos. Numerosos estudios consultados mundialmente, avalan que, entender cómo son estos alumnos y cuáles son sus necesidades, ayuda al profesorado a mejorar las actitudes hacia ellos y sus posibilidades de respuesta educativa. En este estudio, utilizando la escala Opinions about the gifted and their education, original de Gagné y Nadeau (1991), traducida y adaptada al español, se han comparado cómo son las actitudes previas en los participantes, un grupo experimental de 167 docentes de todas las etapas educativas, con los que se realizó un diseño cuasi-experimental, pretest-postest. Los resultados indicaron que efectivamente, tras esta formación se modificaron favorablemente algunas actitudes que presentaban inicialmente los docentes, observándose una mejora en cuanto a la opinión subjetiva que tienen de este colectivo, hacia el rechazo que se le supone inicialmente a estos alumnos y su dificultad para tener buenas relaciones sociales y sobre todo en la consideración de medidas educativas con este alumnado, mostrándose más predispuestos hacia la aceleración y flexibilización de los alumnos con altas capacidades en el ámbito escolar, considerando necesaria la inclusión educativa del alumnado con altas capacidades intelectuales en el actual ámbito educativo.