bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calyptraeidae from the northeast Pacific (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda)

Authors: COLLIN RACHEL
Published: February 2019

Calyptraeids are sedentary suspension-feeding caenogastropods, which have garnered attention for their protandrous sex change and the propensity of some species to become invasive. The upwelling areas in the northeast Pacific support a particularly diverse calyptraeid fauna, including many poorly known species. This taxonomic review, based primarily on material in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County provides descriptions and photographs of three species of Calyptraea Lamarck, 1799, 13 Crepidula Lamarck, 1799, three Crepipatella Lesson, 1830, and one species each of Bostrycapulus Olsson & Harbison, 1953, Crucibulum Schumacher, 1817, and Grandicrepidula McLean, 1995. Three new species, Bostrycapulus decorus n. sp., Crepidula huertae n. sp. and Crepidula wolfae n. sp. are described.
A taxonomic review of janthinid gastropod molluscs from California Current Waters off the west coast of North America

Authors: SEAPY ROGER R.
Published: February 2019

Taxonomic characterization of janthinid gastropods, morphological characteristics, oceanic habitat and occurrence in coastal waters off the west coast of North America are reviewed. The two species (Janthina umbilicata and J. janthina) recorded from west coast waters are described and their shell morphologies illustrated.
The Columbellid species of the northeast Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands to Cedros Island, Baja California (Neogastropoda: Columbellidae)

Authors: DEMAINTENON MARTA J.
Published: February 2019

The neogastropod family Columbellidae is a diverse cosmopolitan group of small marine snails, with its greatest diversity in the tropics. They are represented in high latitudes, but the columbellid fauna of higher latitudes tends to be much less well documented. The present paper documents the nearshore columbellid fauna of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, from the Aleutian Islands to Cedros Island, near the dividing point between Baja California and Baja California Sur. It is based on work by J.H. McLean, and completed posthumously. Examination of the regional columbellid collections in the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County and the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History has resulted in 24 species in eight genera, of which four new species and one new genus are described herein. The present paper focuses on dry shell material.
James H. McLean Memorial Volume (Table of Content)

Authors: GEIGER DANIEL L. , GROVES LINDSEY T. , VENDETTI JANN E.
Published: February 2019

James H. McLean Memorial Volume (Table of Content)
Porifera, one new species Suberea purpureaflava n. sp. (Demospongiae, Verongida, Aplysinellidae) from northern Red Sea coral reefs, with short descriptions of Red Sea Verongida and known Suberea species
Authors: GUGEL JOCHEN , WAGLER MARIT , Brümmer FRANZ
Published: February 2019

A new verongid sponge (Suberea purpureaflava n. sp.) is described from Dahab, Gulf of Aqaba, in the northern Red Sea. It has a pronounced colour change (a dark red ectosome with whitish pore sieves and a light yellow choanosome in the living specimen changes to a uniform dark violet in the fixed state) and rather rare dendritic fibres with pith and bark and a diameter of about 110–165µm, with the pith occupying 80–90 % of the fibre. Especially the pore sieves were very striking in situ. The new species is compared to all verongid sponges so far recorded from the Red Sea and to all known and accepted Suberea species worldwide. An identification key to all known Suberea species is given. This new species record brings the number of Suberea species described to a total of 11.
Three new species of the genus Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Uruguay CAROLINA NIETO & DANIEL EMMERICH (Argentina)
Authors: NIETO CAROLINA , EMMERICH DANIEL
Published: February 2019

The genus Cloeodes is poorly reported for Uruguay, until now only C. aymara was described from this region. Here we describe three new species of Cloeodes from this country: C. dialutoi, C. guenoa and C. vaimaca, all of them based on nymphs. The species C. opacus is reported for the first time in Uruguay. A discussion of each taxon is included as well as drawings of the new species. A revised and updated key for male imagos and nymphs of South American species of Cloeodes is presented.
Two new Indo-Pacific species in the Eviota nigriventris complex (Teleostei: Gobiidae)
Authors: GREENFIELD DAVID W. , RANDALL JOHN E.
Published: February 2019

Three species are recognized in the Eviota nigriventris complex, two of them new. Eviota nigriventris Giltay is a species with a red ventral band, edged dorsally with a narrow white line, the ventral band ending in an asymmetrical black mark at the caudal-fin base; E. dorsopurpurea n. sp. is a species with a purple back and head and a black ventral band ending in a semi-circular spot; and E. dorsogilva n. sp. is a species with a black to dark reddish ventral band ending in a semicircular spot and has a cream-colored back. Eviota dorsogilva and E. dorsopurpurea also differ in counts, pectoral-fin base coloration and eye size.
The Amblyomma (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) of Mexico: Identification Keys, Distribution and Hosts CARMEN GUZMÁN-CORNEJO (Mexico), RICHARD G. ROBBINS (USA), ALBERTO A. GUGLIELMONE (Argentina), GRISELDA MONTIEL-PARRA (Mexico) & TILA MARÍA PÉREZ (Mexico)
Authors: GUZMÁN-CORNEJO CARMEN , ROBBINS RICHARD G. , GUGLIELMONE ALBERTO A. , MONTIEL-PARRA GRISELDA , PÉREZ TILA MARÍA
Published: February 2019

Taxonomic keys, distributional data and hosts are provided for the 26 Amblyomma species known from Mexico. Members of this genus have been collected in 30 of Mexico’s 32 states and are associated with 43 nominal vertebrate taxa, of which 40 have been identified to species and four (Python sp., Myrmecophaga tridactyla, Tamandua tetradactyla, Tupinambis teguixin) are non-native. Mammals are the principal class of vertebrates parasitized by Mexican Amblyomma species, followed by reptiles, birds and amphibians. Our knowledge of Mexican Amblyomma is still far from complete because many potential hosts have not yet been examined and vast areas of the country remain unexplored.
Culicoides parauapebensis, a new species of the subgenus Hoffmania Fox from northern Brazil (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: DA TRINDADE ROSIMEIRE LOPES , FELIPPE-BAUER MARIA LUIZA
Published: February 2019

Spinelli et al. (1993) in their revision of the Neotropical species of the guttatus species group of the subgenus Culicoides (Hoffmania) Fox, included 30 species of which 17 inhabit the Amazonian Region. Subsequently, Ronderos and Spinelli (1995) described C. ferreyrai from Argentina and Spinelli and Borkent (2004) C. annettae from Costa Rica.During entomological surveys in the municipalities of Parauapebas and São Geraldo do Araguaia, Pará, Brazil, the collected specimens of Culicoides included an undescribed species belonging to the guttatus species group. In this paper we describe and illustrate it, arising to 33 the number of the Neotropical species of this group.
Descriptions and records of the Palaearctic Molophilus Curtis (Diptera, Limoniidae)
Authors: STARÝ JAROSLAV
Published: February 2019

Seven new species of Molophilus (Molophilus) are described, viz. M. (M.) creticola sp. n. (Greece (Crete)), M. (M.) cypricola sp. n. (Cyprus), M. (M.) carbonis sp. n. (Portugal), M. (M.) hradileki sp. n. (Kazakhstan), M. (M.) brevifurcatus sp. n. (Czech Republic, Slovakia), M. (M.) calabricus sp. n. (South Italy), and M. (M.) suboccultus sp. n. (Portugal). Lackschewitz’s (1940a) “varieties” obscura of M. (M.) propinquus (Egger, 1863) and testacea of M. (M.) griseus (Meigen, 1804) are elevated to species rank and redescribed, and a new replacement name, ibericus nom. n., is proposed for the former species. Lectotypes are designated for M. (M.) nigrescens Lackschewitz, 1940, M. (M.) ibericus nom. n., and M. (M.) pleuralis de Meijere, 1920, and the male terminalia are redescribed for M. (M.) nigrescens. All important characters are illustrated. New records of some other Molophilus (Molophilus) species are appended.
A new species of chameleon (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from the highlands of northwest Kenya JAN STIPALA (UK), NICOLA LUTZMÁNN (Germany), PATRICK K. MALONZA (Kenya), LUCA BORGH-ESIO (USA), PAUL WILKINSON (UK), BRENDAN GODLEY (UK), MATTHEW R. EVANS (UK)
Authors: STIPALA JAN , LUTZMÁNN NICOLA , MALONZA PATRICK K. , BORGHESIO LUCA , WILKINSON PAUL , GODLEY BRENDAN , EVANS MATTHEW R.
Published: February 2019

A new species of chameleon, Trioceros nyirit sp. nov., is described from the northwest highlands of Kenya. It is morphologically similar to T. hoehnelii and T. narraioca, possessing a short rostral appendage, but differs from them by having a straight or weakly curved parietal crest and forward-pointing rostral projection. A phylogeny based on mitochondrial DNA shows that the proposed new taxon is a distinct clade within the bitaeniatus-group and a sister lineage to T. schubotzi. Its distribution appears to be restricted to the Cherangani Hills and adjacent Mtelo massif to the north. It is associated with afromontane forest edge, afroalpine ericaceous vegetation and also occurs in agricultural landscapes.
About types of arachnids (Araneae, Opiliones, Pseudoscorpiones) described by E. Schenkel from China in 1953
Authors: MARUSIK YURI M. , LI SHUQIANG
Published: February 2019

The Swiss arachnologist Ehrenfried Schenkel published three large works concerning Chinese spiders and other arachnids (Schenkel 1936, 1953, 1963) in which he described over two hundred species belonging to different families. Material from the first work (Schenkel 1936) is preserved in the Natural History Museum in Stockholm and was partly redescribed by several authors. The same is true for the spiders described in 1963. Most of the material from this publication is in Paris and has been partly revised. The first and last papers were published in the Stockholm and Paris museum proceedings. The second paper (Schenkel 1953) appeared in the Boletim do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), while the material was cited as being from the “Museum Hoangho-Peiho” in Tientsin [= Huanghe (Yellow River) and Baihe (Haihe River) and Tianjin in modern English respectively]. This work dealt with 59 species of spiders, harvestmen and pseudoscorpions. Forty of them were described as new species and six as a new subspecies. One of the harvestmen species was described in a new genus. Forty new taxa belong to spiders, one to pseudoscorpions and five to harvestmen. All specimens were collected in central and northern China. Several new species were described from the center of Beijing. None of the types from this publication have since been studied. While trying to find some of the types two decades ago, the first author heard from some colleagues that the material was destroyed during shipment back to China.
Description of the complex advertisement call of Pseudophilautus popularis (Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda, 2005) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae)
Authors: SAMARASINGHE DINAL J. S.
Published: February 2019

In Sri Lanka, the family Rhacophoridae consists of 72 species and 67 of them belong to the genus Pseudophilautus (Laurent) (Meegaskumbura et al. 2010; Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi 2011; Meegaskumbura & Manamendra-Arachchi 2005). Pseudophilautus popularis (Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda 2005) is a small frog where males would attain snout-vent-lengths between 17.7–21.3 mm and gravid females attaining lengths around 23.0–25.6 mm. It is found in elevations approximately up to 1070 m above sea level (asl). It is a widely distributed species found in many localities within the wet zone. As the name suggests, it is commonly encountered near anthropogenic habitats and forest edges (Manamendra-Arachchi & Pethiyagoda 2005, Karunarathna & Amarasinghe 2010). Pseudophilautus popularis perches on low vegetation, generally on shrubs 0.2–1.5 m above the ground. Here, I describe the complex advertisement call of P. popularis.
Two new species of Macroplea Samouelle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Donaciinae) from China, with a key to all known species
Authors: LOU QIAOZHE , YU PEIYU , LIANG HONGBIN
Published: February 2019

Two new species of the aquatic leaf beetle genus Macroplea Samouelle namely M. ranina Lou & Yu, sp. nov. and M. huaxiensis Lou & Liang, sp. nov. are described from China. Macroplea appendiculata (Panzer, 1794) is recorded for the first time from China and a key to all known species of Macroplea is provided.
Review of Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini), with description of three new species from China
Authors: LIU YANG , QIN DAO-ZHENG , FLETCHER MURRAY J. , ZHANG YA-LIN
Published: February 2019

The subgenus Matsumurasca of genus Empoasca Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini) is revised with three new species described and illustrated: E. (M.) biprocessa Qin and Liu sp. nov. (southwest China: Yunnan), E. (M.) dentalis Qin and Liu sp. nov. (central southern China: Hunan) and E. (M.) spinalis Qin and Liu sp. nov. (central southern China: Henan). E (M.) diversa Vilbaste, 1968, and E. (M.) parvifacia Dworakowska, 1994, are recorded for the first time from China. Additionally, two replacement names are proposed, E. (M.) clypealata nom. nov. for E. (M.) clypeata Qin & Zhang, 2008 (preoccupied by E. clypeata Gillette & Baker, 1895) and E. (M.) quadrialata nom. nov. for E. (M.) quadrifida Qin & Zhang, 2008 (preoccupied by E. quadrifida Southern, 1982). A key to all species of the subgenus is also provided.
Three new species of Cleradini from Australia (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhyparochromidae)
Authors: MALIPATIL M. B. , BLACKET M. J.
Published: February 2019

Neoclerada parainsulicola sp. nov., Paramahisa kununurraensis sp. nov., and Laticlerada tasmanica sp. nov., have been described and illustrated. Cleradini are generally found in tropical habitats; the first two new species are described from tropical northern Australia, whereas the last species is the first record of Cleradini for cool temperate Tasmania.
A new genus and species of Malvapiini (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea: Apionidae) from Ghana MIŁOSZ A. MAZUR (Poland)
Authors: MAZUR MIŁOSZ A.
Published: February 2019

Anacrapion wanati, a new genus and species of Malvapiini is described from Ghana (West Africa). Apion (Catapion) ghanense Voss, 1973 and Apion (Pseudapion) lamottei Hoffmann, 1963 are transferred to the new genus. A key to species of Anacrapion, and to the genera of Malvapiini is provided.
Description of a second species in the enigmatic Southeast Asian genus Platygeniops (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)
Authors: JÁKL STANISLAV , KRIKKEN JAN
Published: February 2019

A second species of Platygeniops Krikken, 1978 (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini: Osmodermatina) is described from the Myanmar-Thai-Malay isthmus and peninsula. The description of Platygeniops elongatus new species is based on two males and a female. The new species is compared with P. exspectans Krikken, 1978 from the Malay Peninsula and Borneo. The genus is re-diagnosed and its enigmatic status is briefly discussed.
Neotaxilanoides orientalis, a new genus and species of Tambiniini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) from China, with a key to the world genera
Authors: MEN QIU-LEI , QIN DAO-ZHENG
Published: February 2019

One new tropiduchid genus, Neotaxilanoides gen. n., with type species Neotaxilanoides orientalis sp. n., is described and illustrated from China. The new genus is externally similar to Neotaxilana Synave 1979, but can be distinguished from the latter by the differences in the head structure, forewing venation and male genitalia. A checklist along with a revised key to the known genera in the tribe is provided.
Parapythamus, a new genus of Evacanthinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from China
Authors: LI YU-JIAN , LI ZI-ZHONG
Published: February 2019

Parapythamus gen. nov., a new leafhopper genus of Evacanthinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), and a new species, Parapythamus suiyangensis sp. nov., from Guizhou, China, are described. The differences between the new genus and the closely related genera Pythamus Melichar and Cunedda Distant are discussed.
A new species of Microvelia (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from coastal Espírito Santo State, with a key to the species of the genus recorded from southeastern Brazil JÉSSIKA ANA RÚDIO & FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO MOREIRA (Brazil)
Authors: RÚDIO JÉSSIKA ANA , MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO
Published: February 2019

Microvelia nessimiani sp. nov. from coastal Espírito Santo State, Brazil, is described, illustrated, and compared with similar species. An identification key to the species of Microvelia so far recorded from southeastern Brazil is presented.
Remote Sensing of Sea Salt Aerosol below Trade Wind Clouds
Authors: Klingebiel Marcus , Ghate Virendra P. , Naumann Ann Kristin , Ditas Florian , Pöhlker Mira L. , Pöhlker Christopher , Kandler Konrad , Konow Heike , Stevens Bjorn
Published: February 2019

Sea salt aerosol in the boundary layer below shallow cumulus clouds is remotely observed with a Ka-band cloud radar at the Barbados Cloud Observatory and is detected in 76% of the measurements over 1 year. Carried by convection, sea salt particles with a diameter larger than 500 nm show an upward motion of 0.2 m s−1 below shallow cumulus clouds for a 2-day case study. Caused by an increasing relative humidity with increasing altitude, the sea salt particles become larger as they move closer to the cloud base. By using combined measurements of a Ka-band cloud radar and a Raman lidar, the retrieved equivolumetric diameter of the hygroscopically grown sea salt particles is found to be between 6 and 11 μm with a total number concentration of 20 cm−3 near cloud base. Assuming a fixed shape parameter, a size distribution of sea salt particles under high-relative-humidity conditions below cloud base is estimated and agrees with measurements taken by a dry-deposition sampler and online aerosol observations. The methods outlined in this paper can be used in future studies to get a better understanding of the vertical and temporal sea salt distribution in the boundary layer and sea salt aerosol–cloud interaction processes.
Temperature and Salinity Variability in the SODA3, ECCO4r3, and ORAS5 Ocean Reanalyses, 1993–2015
Authors: Carton James A. , Penny Stephen G. , Kalnay Eugenia
Published: February 2019

This study extends recent ocean reanalysis comparisons to explore improvements to several next-generation products, the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation, version 3 (SODA3); the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, version 4, release 3 (ECCO4r3); and the Ocean Reanalysis System 5 (ORAS5), during their 23-yr period of overlap (1993–2015). The three reanalyses share similar historical hydrographic data, but the forcings, forward models, estimation algorithms, and bias correction methods are different. The study begins by comparing the reanalyses to independent analyses of historical SST, heat, and salt content, as well as examining the analysis-minus-observation misfits. While the misfits are generally small, they still reveal some systematic biases that are not present in the reference Hadley Center EN4 objective analysis. We next explore global trends in temperature averaged into three depth intervals: 0–300, 300–1000, and 1000–2000 m. We find considerable similarity in the spatial structure of the trends and their distribution among different ocean basins; however, the trends in global averages do differ by 30%–40%, which implies an equivalent level of disagreement in net surface heating rates. ECCO4r3 is distinct in having quite weak warming trends while ORAS5 has stronger trends that are noticeable in the deeper layers. To examine the performance of the reanalyses in the Arctic we explore representation of Atlantic Water variability on the Atlantic side of the Arctic and upper-halocline freshwater storage on the Pacific side of the Arctic. These comparisons are encouraging for the application of ocean reanalyses to track ocean climate variability and change at high northern latitudes.
Probabilistic Precipitation Forecasting over East Asia Using Bayesian Model Averaging
Authors: Ji Luying , Zhi Xiefei , Zhu Shoupeng , Fraedrich Klaus
Published: February 2019

Bayesian model averaging (BMA) was applied to improve the prediction skill of 1–15-day, 24-h accumulated precipitation over East Asia based on the ensemble prediction system (EPS) outputs of ECMWF, NCEP, and UKMO from the TIGGE datasets. Standard BMA deterministic forecasts were accurate for light-precipitation events but with limited ability for moderate- and heavy-precipitation events. The categorized BMA model based on precipitation categories was proposed to improve the BMA capacity for moderate and heavy precipitation in this study. Results showed that the categorized BMA deterministic forecasts were superior to the standard one, especially for moderate and heavy precipitation. The categorized BMA also provided a better calibrated probability of precipitation and a sharper prediction probability density function than the standard one and the raw ensembles. Moreover, BMA forecasts based on multimodel EPSs outperformed those based on a single-model EPS for all lead times. Comparisons between the two BMA models, logistic regression, and raw ensemble forecasts for probabilistic precipitation forecasts illustrated that the categorized BMA method performed best. For 10–15-day extended-range probabilistic forecasts, the initial BMA performances were inferior to the climatology forecasts, while they became much better after preprocessing the initial data with the running mean method. With increasing running steps, the BMA model generally had better performance for light to moderate precipitation but had limited ability for heavy precipitation. In general, the categorized BMA methodology combined with the running mean method improved the prediction skill of 1–15-day, 24-h accumulated precipitation over East Asia.
The conflict after the Pazzi conspiracy and Poliziano's ‘Coniurationis commentarium’: Literature, law and politics
Authors: Celati Marta
Published: February 2019

This article aims to analyse how and to what extent juridical and diplomatic issues influenced Angelo Poliziano's Coniurationis commentarium, the very famous literary account of the Pazzi conspiracy against the Medici brothers (1478). Written immediately after the plot, Poliziano's work is a sophisticated literary transposition of the historical events and is conceived as the cornerstone of the Medici propaganda, aimed at supporting the Florentine government against the accusations by the instigators of the attack, Pope Sixtus IV and the King of Naples, Ferdinando of Aragon. In particular, the juridical controversy between Florence and Rome, which is built on different legal texts and doctrinal documents, plays a not irrelevant role in the composition of Poliziano's work. The Commentarium indeed shows unspoken but direct correlations with the legal consilia commissioned by Lorenzo de' Medici from the most eminent Italian jurists, who formulated the Medici's official defence against the pope. Poliziano himself actively collaborated in the collection of these consilia and was influenced by diplomatic and legal issues also in the revision of his literary work two years after the composition, in 1480, in a changed political context.
Violation and hope: Refugee survival in childhood and beyond
Authors: McCormack Lynne , Tapp Brigitta
Published: February 2019

Background:

The psychological complexity of refugee status for children is poorly understood. Alone or with family members, child refugees are exposed to multiple and potentially traumatic events, including conflict and human rights deprivation in their country of origin, perilous and life-threatening escape journeys, years of statelessness, and isolation and discrimination in their new host country.

Aims:

This phenomenological study explored the positive and negative interpretations of four adults as they sought to make sense of their experiences of refugee status as children.

Method:

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) guided the development of semi-structured interview for data collection and analysis.

Results:

One superordinate theme, Violation and Hope, overarched three subordinate themes, Violent detachment, Refugee identity, and Resourcefulness and reciprocity. One divergent theme also emerged: Clashing identities. These themes provide unique insight into the interpreted experiences of escaping oppression and persecution in each participant’s country of origin as children, and the ensuing bleak interval as refugees, belonging nowhere. They identify the risk of becoming pawns of opportunism without human rights protection. Once stateless, survival was not guaranteed, producing a stark merging of acceptance of mortality and determined resourcefulness as children. Avoidant coping became a positive tool for surviving ever present threat, and was crucial in defining a life philosophy that was future oriented as they entered adulthood.

Conclusion:

These participants rejected a ‘refugee victim’ identity, emphasising a legacy of resourcefulness, hope, gratitude and reciprocity, domains of post-traumatic growth which are unreported aspects of refugee well-being that can provide future therapeutic and research direction.
When literature becomes an “enhanced national security threat”: Literary interventions of the “terrorist” and “terrorist” interventions of literature
Authors: Gallien Claire
Published: February 2019

This article focuses on the literary productions in prose and verse by or related to Muslim Guantánamo detainees. They are redacted documents directly written or translated into English. The purpose of this essay is to read “terrorist” literature para-doxically and argue that US authorities may be right in claiming that it represents a “national security threat”, but not in the meaning initially purveyed. Indeed, marked by the black bars of redaction, the literature eloquently displays the “terror” of state violence. Integrating redactions into the narrating process and exposing what happens in black sites give detainees’ texts the power, albeit precarious, to break the hegemonic discourse of the state and undermine its monopoly over representations of “terrorism”. The article also discusses the danger of interpreting these texts as mere responses to state violence, to failing justice systems, and democracies. It shows how their subjection to official redaction, editorial rewriting, and to the “forensic” imperative is real but it also delves into the literariness of these texts and their literary interventions. It is precisely by reactivating literary connections and intervening in existing Arabic and Pashto poetic traditions that they escape the physical and imaginary confines of Guantánamo and achieve liberation.
Behaviour of geopolymer concrete-filled pultruded GFRP short columns
Authors: Lokuge Weena , Abousnina Rajab , Herath Nilupa
Published: February 2019

This research paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on the axial compressive behaviour of 24 geopolymer concrete-filled glass fibre-reinforced polymer tubes. The test variables considered are the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete (30 MPa and 35 MPa) and the shape of the cross section (square, circular and rectangular). All the glass fibre-reinforced polymer tubes had the same amount of fibres and similar fibre orientation together with the same aspect ratio. The failure of the square and rectangular columns initiated with the splitting of the corners and resulted in a lower load-carrying capacity compared to the circular columns whose failure was initiated by the crushing of glass fibre-reinforced polymer tube followed by the separation of glass fibre-reinforced polymer tube into strips. It can be concluded that axial load-carrying capacity of square and rectangular sections can be improved by a concrete filler with higher compressive strength. Adopted finite element analysis to simulate the behaviour of the columns is capable of predicting the stress–strain behaviour and the mode of failure.
Rivalry and Overlap: Why Regional Economic Organizations Encroach on Security Organizations
Authors: Haftel Yoram Z. , Hofmann Stephanie C.
Published: February 2019

The proliferation and scope expansion of regional organizations (ROs) is one of the most prominent features in contemporary international politics. In particular, many regional economic organizations (REOs) have expanded into the security realm. This trend has often resulted in an overlap with regional security organizations (RSOs) already in place. This study sheds light on this phenomenon by identifying the conditions under which REOs trespass into the security policy domain despite the fact that preexisting RSOs already fulfill security functions. We argue that the presence of strategic rivalries is an important driver of the creation and depth of organizational overlap through scope expansion. Specifically, RSOs that include significant interstate rivalries propel a subgroup of like-minded states to advance and deepen security cooperation through their existing REOs. Using an original data set of security cooperation within economic and security ROs and a quantitative analysis, we find substantial support for this argument.
A League of Their Own: The Soviet Origins of the United Nations
Authors: Roberts Geoffrey
Published: February 2019

An analysis of the USSR's role in the creation of the United Nations, with particular reference to the impact on Soviet decision makers of the historical experience of the League of Nations.
The Soviet Culture of Victory
Authors: Edele Mark
Published: February 2019

The Soviet Union after the Second World War can serve as a prime example of how victory ’locks in’ a political system. In a mirror image of Wolfgang Schivelbusch’s argument of how ‘cultures of defeat’ encourage social and political innovation, the Soviet ‘culture of victory’ reaffirmed a dictatorial system of government and a command economy based on collectivized agriculture and centrally planned industry. At the same time, however, the war also engendered changes, which played themselves out somewhat subterraneously at first. They include a complex system of veterans’ privileges, a growing welfare state, a more routinized administration, and an economy where individual and family farming played a major role in the provisioning not only of the rural, but also of the urban population. Moreover, counter-narratives and counter-memories of this war could never be completely silenced by the bombastic war cult and would break forth at the end of the Soviet century. Finally, the economic and human costs of this victory were such that they formed a constant dark underbelly to the celebration of the ‘Great Victory’. This article surveys these contradictory legacies of the war and the ways in which they helped shape late Soviet society.
The Hidden Matrix: Perspectives of Youth and Their Parents on Immigration and Youth Delinquent Behavior
Authors: Yakhnich Liat , Pounko Inna , Walsh Sophie D.
Published: February 2019

Immigrant youth delinquency may be associated with developmental, familial, social, and immigration-specific factors; however, scarce studies have examined the perspectives of both parents and their children as to the reasons for involvement in delinquent behavior. This study examines the extent to which immigration-related stressors may be associated with delinquent behavior of immigrant adolescents from the Former Soviet Union in Israel, from the perspectives of both young people and their parents. In-depth interviews with 10 male delinquent immigrant mid-late adolescents, aged 16 to 21 years, and their parents (eight mothers and two fathers) were conducted ( N = 20). Phenomenological analysis highlighted the immigration experience as a hidden matrix within which dynamics associated with delinquency evolved. These dynamics involved situational factors (age, financial hardships, and social norms related to child-rearing), social factors (peer pressure and wish to be socially accepted), familial factors (stress experienced by the family, parental unavailability, and insufficient parental capabilities), and personality factors (sensation-seeking, desire for self-direction, emotion dysregulation, weak character, and inborn inclination to problematic behavior). While few participants directly address the immigration process, it can be considered the backdrop or matrix within which these factors are evolving. Implications for prevention on personal, familial, and society levels are discussed.
The Influence of Delinquent Peer Affiliation on Substance Use: The Moderating Effects of Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Rodriguez Thalia , Ward Jeffrey T. , Tillyer Marie Skubak , Ray James V.
Published: February 2019

Although the effects of peer substance use on adolescent substance use are well documented, little is known about whether internalizing behaviors—anxiety and depression—exacerbate or attenuate the link between peer substance use and substance use. The present study uses data from the 12- and 15-year-old cohorts from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) and multivariate generalized regression models to examine whether anxiety and/or depression moderate peer effects on adolescent substance use. Results indicate that adolescents who exhibited high anxiety and depressive symptoms are uninfluenced by their peers’ substance use, but those who exhibit lower levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms use substances more when they have more substance using peers. Our findings support social learning and peer contagion explanations of substance use, but suggest these processes are contingent on current emotional states. Interventions should consider the differential effects of peers given one’s level of anxiety and depression.
The Calvinist Couplet
Authors: Roberts Wendy Raphael
Published: February 2019

The article provides the first modern analysis of one of the bestselling transatlantic evangelical poems of the eighteenth century, the Scottish minister Ralph Erskine’s Gospel Sonnets. The article argues that the importance of the marriage metaphor and rhyme in the poem provided a specific meaning to the form of the couplet in eighteenth-century transatlantic evangelicalism—a form often associated with an outdated understanding of a monolithic enlightenment. In the case of Erskine, it produced the Calvinist couplet. What the author terms “espousal poetics” designates the much larger presence and purpose of the marriage metaphor in the emerging revivalist community: to fuse the paradoxes of a sound Calvinist theology with poetics.
Fatherhood of a Premature Infant: “A Rough Roller-Coaster Ride”
Authors: Strauss Zipora , Avrech Bar Michal , Stanger Varda
Published: February 2019

A man’s transition to fatherhood is one of the most significant changes in his life. The birth of the baby prematurely makes this transition a difficult experience. Study objectives included a better understanding of the range of experiences of fathers of premature infants and building new work procedures according to our findings. We used a qualitative content analysis design. We interviewed 26 fathers just prior to their infant’s discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. Our findings reveal a growing trend of the father taking on a more significant role in the care of the infant and equal division of tasks with the mother. Although this is the trend, there are fathers who prefer to keep to the traditional paternal role of standing aside or behind the mother. Pursuant to these findings, specific work procedures for fathers were formulated, and information booklets for fathers and mothers were planned.
Back stabber: ladder fall causing traumatic aortic transection
Authors: Yerokun Babatunde A , Anand Jatin , McCann Richard L , Hughes G Chad
Published: February 2019

A 68-year-old man presented with back pain after falling from a ladder and was found to have anterolisthesis of thoracic vertebrae T11-12 with secondary focal aortic injury and disruption of the aortic wall. This was successfully repaired using thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) followed by spinal fusion with excellent result.
Mini-invasive foam sclerotherapy-assisted ligation versus surgical flush ligation for incompetent sapheno-popliteal junction treatment
Authors: Gianesini Sergio , Menegatti Erica , Sibilla Maria Grazia , Neuhardt Diana , Maietti Elisa , Tessari Mirko , Zamboni Paolo
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Comparison of a flush sapheno-popliteal junction ligation versus a mini-invasive foam sclerotherapy-assisted ligation.

Methods

Forty-eight chronic venous disease patients underwent sapheno-popliteal junction flush ligation (group A). Forty-one patients underwent small saphenous vein ligation by means of mini-invasive incision with foam sclerotherapy of the popliteal stump (group B).

Results

At 4.1 ± 3.3 years mean follow-up, sapheno-popliteal junction recurrence was detected in four patients of group A (4/48; 8.3%) and in two cases of group B (3/41; 7.3%) ( P= ns). Mean procedural time was 36 ± 11 minutes versus 21 ± 6 minutes ( p<0.0001). A mild post-operative paresthesia lasting more than 24 h was reported in 6.3% (3/48) of group A versus 2.4% (1/41) ( p<0.009) of group B. At one-year check-up, Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire significantly improved in both groups with no significant difference between group A and B.

Conclusions

Foam-assisted mini-invasive sapheno-popliteal ligation represents a time and clinical-effective option, associated with a decrease in post-operative paresthesia risk.
Causal mechanisms of a healthy lifestyle intervention for patients with musculoskeletal pain who are overweight or obese
Authors: Williams Amanda , Lee Hopin , Kamper Steven J , O’Brien Kate M , Wiggers John , Wolfenden Luke , Yoong Sze L , Hodder Rebecca K , Robson Emma K , Haskins Robin , McAuley James H , Williams Christopher M
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To assess the causal mechanisms of a healthy lifestyle intervention for patients with chronic low back pain and knee osteoarthritis, who are overweight or obese.

Methods:

We conducted causal mediation analyses of aggregated data from two randomized controlled trials (RCTs); which included 160 patients with chronic low back pain, and 120 patients with knee osteoarthritis. The intervention consisted of brief advice and referral to a six-month telephone-based healthy lifestyle coaching service. We used causal mediation to estimate the indirect, direct and path-specific effects of hypothesized mediators including: self-reported weight, diet, physical activity, and pain beliefs. Outcomes were pain intensity, disability, and quality of life (QoL).

Results:

The intervention did not reduce weight, improve diet or physical activity or change pain beliefs, and these mediators were not associated with the outcomes. Sensitivity analyses showed that our estimates were robust to the possible effects of unknown and unmeasured confounding.

Conclusions:

Our findings show that the intervention did not cause a meaningful change in the hypothesized mediators, and these mediators were not associated with patient-reported outcomes.
Glimpsing China’s future urbanization from the geography of a floating population
Authors: Shi Qiujie , Liu Tao
Published: February 2019

The floating population is a major source of social inequality in China and a direct target in its new-type urbanization plan. Although this population spread very unevenly both within and between provinces, and the responsibility for their citizenization lies mostly with local authorities, their geographical distribution and representation in the total population below province level remain understudied. This paper fills the gap. The county-level census data in 2010 were analyzed with the help of the cartogram technique. Results showed that the floating population was concentrated predominately in three key coastal regions and moderately in inland provincial capitals, with great variation both within and across key regions and provinces. Their share in the total population was also very high in the concentrations, closely followed by many counties along the coast and inland borders. Hence these ‘hot spots’ are very crucial for addressing social inequality and materializing the new-type urbanization plan in China.
Effect of the attitude fine-adjustment of compaction roller on automated fiber placement defects and trajectory
Authors: Cheng Jinxiang , Zhao Dongbiao , Chen Huaiyuan , Zhang Yingru , Wang Yangwei
Published: February 2019

Automated fiber placement shows great potential for fabricating complex aircraft structures. During AFP process, the process-induced defects and placement trajectory have important effect on the processing quality. These defects and trajectory are influenced by many factors, where the attitude of compaction roller is an important factor. By the attitude fine-adjustment of compaction roller, the placement defects and trajectory can be improved. It is necessary to study the effect of the attitude fine-adjustment of compaction roller on placement defects and trajectory. The attitude includes yaw and roll of compaction roller, and the placement defects mainly refer to the fitness degree and fiber pull-up. Firstly, the placement ability of compaction roller is defined by making full use of the allowable distance. Then, the yaw angle and position of compaction roller are calculated by differential geometry. Meanwhile, the yaw distance and placement width are given. Secondly, the fiber pull-up is defined and described as planar sinusoidal based on the fiber waviness theory. Then the roll angle and position of compaction roller are given. Finally, a series of experiments and simulations had been conducted to verify the feasibility of the developed method. Results demonstrate that the method can improve the placement defects and trajectory.
A green recycling process of the spent lead paste from discarded lead–acid battery by a hydrometallurgical process
Authors: Zhu Xinfeng , Zhang Wei , Zhang Liying , Zuo Qiting , Yang Jiakuan , Han Lu
Published: February 2019

In this study, a green recycling process of discarded lead–acid battery paste, which could avoid both the smelting and electro-winning route has been developed. Leaching reagents containing sodium citrate, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were reacted with spent lead paste in aqueous media at the pH of 5–6. Lead paste was leached and formed into lead citrate precursor, which was recrystallized and separated from the solution. The optimal conditions for the leaching process at room temperature were found to be the: concentration of acetic acid solution of 0.92 mol L-1; concentration of sodium citrate solution of 0.478 mol L-1; initial mass ratio of solid spent lead paste to liquid (solid/liquid ratio) of 1/5 g/mL; and reaction time of 2 hours. The results showed that the desulphurization efficiency of lead paste was up to 99.9%. The optimal conditions for lead citrate re-crystallization from the leaching mixed solution were found to be the re-crystallization temperature of 55oC for 5 hours in a water bath. The lead citrate precursor synthesized from discarded lead–acid battery pastes was the chemical formula of Pb3(C6H5O7)2·3H2O with columnar shape in the length of 30–50 μm, which was easily separated from the leaching solution. The results of kilogram-scale experiments made progress easier for obtaining the ultrafine lead oxide product (PbO and Pb) from discarded lead–acid battery paste.
Health-Care Providers’ Perspectives on Decision-Making Among Seriously Ill Patients of South Asian Origin in the United States
Authors: Khosla Nidhi , Washington Karla T. , Mukherjea Arnab , Aslakson Rebecca
Published: February 2019

Background:

Persons of South Asian origin (SAs) are the fastest growing minority group in the United States. Culturally competent care for patients and families of SA origin necessitates an understanding of the cultural factors that affect decision-making for palliative and end-of-life care.

Objective:

To better understand health-care providers’ perspectives on decision-making among seriously ill persons of SA origin.

Method:

Data were collected in a US Midwestern city, predominantly in 2 hospital-based health-care systems along with a few interviews of private practitioners. Researchers conducted a thematic analysis of data. Transcripts were coded individually, coding disagreements resolved through discussion and themes arrived upon by consensus.

Results:

Health-care providers reported that numerous factors interact to influence decision-making among SAs. Patient-based factors include education, time spent in the United States, expectations of physician-directed care, and spiritual beliefs. Family-based factors include a norm of family-based decision-making and a complex distribution of decision-making responsibilities among family members. Provider-based factors include challenges reconciling SA and American approaches to decision-making. Community-based factors include negative attitudes and a lack of education regarding palliative care and the potential role of community support in health-care decision-making.

Conclusions:

A rich cultural context influences health-care decision-making among seriously ill SAs. An understanding of this context will enhance providers’ cultural competence and likely improve services to this growing population.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis–Derived Measurements in Chronic Hepatitis C: Clinical Relevance of Fat‐Free Mass and Phase Angle Evaluation
Authors: Bering Tatiana , Diniz Kiara G. D. , Coelho Marta Paula P. , de Souza Ana Carolina M. , de Melo Luisa Freitas , Vieira Diego Alves , Soares Maria Marta S. , Kakehasi Adriana M. , Correia Maria Isabel T. D. , Teixeira Rosângela , Queiroz Dulciene Maria Magalhães , Rocha Gifone A. , Silva Luciana D.
Published: February 2019

Objective: Because cirrhotic patients are at high risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia, we evaluated the prevalence of low fat‐free mass index (FFMI) and low phase angle (PhA) among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Methods: In total, 135 subjects with CHC (50.4% males; mean age, 52.4 ± 11.8 years; 65.9% noncirrhotic and 34.1% compensated cirrhotic patients) were prospectively included and evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Subjective global assessment was used to evaluate malnutrition. Results: Low FFMI and low PhA were identified in 21.5% and 23.7% of the patients, respectively. Compensated cirrhotic patients had lower PhA values than those without cirrhosis. Low FFMI was associated with male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–7.01; P = .04) and malnutrition (OR, 4.27; 95% CI, 1.42–12.90; P = .01). Low PhA was associated with cirrhosis (OR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.56–9.86; P = .004), malnutrition (OR, 5.52; 95% CI, 1.73–17.62; P = .004), and current alcohol use (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.01–7.58; P = .05). Reactance (Xc) normalized for height (H), an indicator of muscle strength, was independently associated with male sex, age, hypertension, and serum albumin. Conclusion: Host factors, including clinical comorbidities, lifestyle, and nutrition status, are associated with low FFMI and low PhA in noncirrhotic and in compensated cirrhotic patients with CHC. These findings highlight the relevance of evaluating body composition in patients chronically infected by hepatitis C virus independently of the stage of liver disease.