bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-bilaterian origin of the blastoporal axial organizer
Authors: Kraus Yulia , Aman Andy , Technau Ulrich , Genikhovich Grigory
Published: May 2016

The startling capacity of the amphibian Spemann organizer to induce naïve cells to form a Siamese twin embryo with a second set of body axes is one of the hallmarks of developmental biology. However, the axis-inducing potential of the blastopore-associated tissue is commonly regarded as a chordate feature. Here we show that the blastopore lip of a non-bilaterian metazoan, the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis, possesses the same capacity and uses the same molecular mechanism for inducing extra axes as chordates: Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We also demonstrate that the establishment of the secondary, directive axis in Nematostella by BMP signaling is sensitive to an initial Wnt signal, but once established the directive axis becomes Wnt-independent. By combining molecular analysis with experimental embryology, we provide evidence that the emergence of the Wnt/β-catenin driven blastopore-associated axial organizer predated the cnidarian-bilaterian split over 600 million years ago.
Natural lecithin promotes neural network complexity and activity
Authors: Latifi Shahrzad , Tamayol Ali , Habibey Rouhollah , Sabzevari Reza , Kahn Cyril , Geny David , Eftekharpour Eftekhar , Annabi Nasim , Blau Axel , Linder Michel , Arab-Tehrany Elmira
Published: May 2016

Phospholipids in the brain cell membranes contain different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are critical to nervous system function and structure. In particular, brain function critically depends on the uptake of the so-called “essential” fatty acids such as omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs that cannot be readily synthesized by the human body. We extracted natural lecithin rich in various PUFAs from a marine source and transformed it into nanoliposomes. These nanoliposomes increased neurite outgrowth, network complexity and neural activity of cortical rat neurons in vitro. We also observed an upregulation of synapsin I (SYN1), which supports the positive role of lecithin in synaptogenesis, synaptic development and maturation. These findings suggest that lecithin nanoliposomes enhance neuronal development, which may have an impact on devising new lecithin delivery strategies for therapeutic applications.
Microfluidic EDGE emulsification: the importance of interface interactions on droplet formation and pressure stability
Authors: Sahin Sami , Bliznyuk Olesya , Rovalino Cordova Ana , Schroën Karin
Published: May 2016

The fact that interactions of components with interfaces can influence processes is well-known; e.g. deposit accumulation on heat exchangers and membrane fouling lead to additional resistances against heat and mass transfer, respectively. In microfluidic emulsification, the situation is even more complex. Component accumulation at the liquid/liquid interface is necessary for emulsion stability, while undesired at the solid/liquid interface where it may change wettability. For successful emulsification both aspects need to be controlled, and that is investigated in this paper for o/w emulsification with microfluidic EDGE devices. These devices were characterised previously, and can be used to detect small wettability changes through e.g. the pressure stability of the device. We used various oil/emulsifier combinations (alkanes, vegetable oil, surfactants and proteins) and related droplet size and operational pressure stability to component interactions with the solid surface and liquid interface. Surfactants with a strong interaction with glass always favour emulsification, while surfactants that have week interactions with the surface can be replaced by vegetable oil that interacts strongly with glass, resulting in loss of emulsification. Our findings clearly show that an appropriate combination of construction material and emulsion components is needed to achieve successful emulsification in microfluidic EDGE devices.
Histone methyltransferase Ash1L mediates activity-dependent repression of neurexin-1α
Authors: Zhu Τao , Liang Chen , Li Dongdong , Tian Miaomiao , Liu Sanxiong , Gao Guanjun , Guan Ji-Song
Published: May 2016

Activity-dependent transcription is critical for the regulation of long-term synaptic plasticity and plastic rewiring in the brain. Here, we report that the transcription of neurexin1α (nrxn1α), a presynaptic adhesion molecule for synaptic formation, is regulated by transient neuronal activation. We showed that 10 minutes of firing at 50 Hz in neurons repressed the expression of nrxn1α for 24 hours in a primary cortical neuron culture through a transcriptional repression mechanism. By performing a screening assay using a synthetic zinc finger protein (ZFP) to pull down the proteins enriched near the nrxn1α promoter region in vivo, we identified that Ash1L, a histone methyltransferase, is enriched in the nrxn1α promoter. Neuronal activity triggered binding of Ash1L to the promoter and enriched the histone marker H3K36me2 at the nrxn1α promoter region. Knockout of Ash1L in mice completely abolished the activity-dependent repression of nrxn1α. Taken together, our results reveal that a novel process of activity-dependent transcriptional repression exists in neurons and that Ash1L mediates the long-term repression of nrxn1α, thus implicating an important role for epigenetic modification in brain functioning.
Restrictive influence of SAMHD1 on Hepatitis B Virus life cycle
Authors: Sommer Andreas F. R. , Rivière Lise , Qu Bingqian , Schott Kerstin , Riess Maximilian , Ni Yi , Shepard Caitlin , Schnellbächer Esther , Finkernagel Malin , Himmelsbach Kiyoshi , Welzel Karin , Kettern Nadja , Donnerhak Christian , Münk Carsten , Flory Egbert , Liese Juliane , Kim Baek , Urban Stephan , König Renate
Published: May 2016

Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are essential for efficient hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Here, we investigated the influence of the restriction factor SAMHD1, a dNTP hydrolase (dNTPase) and RNase, on HBV replication. We demonstrated that silencing of SAMHD1 in hepatic cells increased HBV replication, while overexpression had the opposite effect. SAMHD1 significantly affected the levels of extracellular viral DNA as well as intracellular reverse transcription products, without affecting HBV RNAs or cccDNA. SAMHD1 mutations that interfere with the dNTPase activity (D137N) or in the catalytic center of the histidine-aspartate (HD) domain (D311A), and a phospho-mimetic mutation (T592E), abrogated the inhibitory activity. In contrast, a mutation diminishing the potential RNase but not dNTPase activity (Q548A) and a mutation disabling phosphorylation (T592A) did not affect antiviral activity. Moreover, HBV restriction by SAMHD1 was rescued by addition of deoxynucleosides. Although HBV infection did not directly affect protein level or phosphorylation of SAMHD1, the virus upregulated intracellular dATPs. Interestingly, SAMHD1 was dephosphorylated, thus in a potentially antiviral-active state, in primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, SAMHD1 was upregulated by type I and II interferons in hepatic cells. These results suggest that SAMHD1 is a relevant restriction factor for HBV and restricts reverse transcription through its dNTPase activity.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: MiRNA-211 suppresses cell proliferation, migration and invasion by targeting SPARC in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Deng Biao , Qu Lei , Li Jinfang , Fang Jiaqing , Yang Shouwen , Cao Zhongwei , Mei Zhechuan , Sun Xing
Published: May 2016

Previous studies have shown that the expression of miR-211 was downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular function and mechanism of miR-211 in HCC growth and invasion are largely unclear. We found that miR-211 is downregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines, respectively. Further results showed that low miR-211 associated with TNM stage, vein invasion status and poor prognosis. Ectopic expression of miR-211 effectively suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion bothin vitroandin vivo. We identified SPARC as a bona fide target of miR-211 and overexpression of miR-211 decreased the mRNA and protein expression of SPARC. Finally, we confirmed that the overexpression of SPARC in miR-211-expressing HCC cells can partially restore the inhibitory effect of miR-211. Taken together, our results demonstrated that loss of miR-211 expression and thus uncontrolled SPARC overexpression might drive progression of HCC, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC.
When “Bouba” equals “Kiki”: Cultural commonalities and cultural differences in sound-shape correspondences
Authors: Chen Yi-Chuan , Huang Pi-Chun , Woods Andy , Spence Charles
Published: May 2016

It has been suggested that the Bouba/Kiki effect, in which meaningless speech sounds are systematically mapped onto rounded or angular shapes, reflects a universal crossmodal correspondence between audition and vision. Here, radial frequency (RF) patterns were adapted in order to compare the Bouba/Kiki effect in Eastern and Western participants demonstrating different perceptual styles. Three attributes of the RF patterns were manipulated: The frequency, amplitude, and spikiness of the sinusoidal modulations along the circumference of a circle. By testing participants in the US and Taiwan, both cultural commonalities and differences in sound-shape correspondence were revealed. RF patterns were more likely to be matched with “Kiki” than with “Bouba” when the frequency, amplitude, and spikiness increased. The responses from both groups of participants had a similar weighting on frequency; nevertheless, the North Americans had a higher weighting on amplitude, but a lower weighting on spikiness, than their Taiwanese counterparts. These novel results regarding cultural differences suggest that the Bouba/Kiki effect is partly tuned by differing perceptual experience. In addition, using the RF patterns in the Bouba/Kiki effect provides a “mid-level” linkage between visual and auditory processing, and a future understanding of sound-shape correspondences based on the mechanism of visual pattern processing.
CuO-Decorated ZnO Hierarchical Nanostructures as Efficient and Established Sensing Materials for H2S Gas Sensors
Authors: Vuong Nguyen Minh , Chinh Nguyen Duc , Huy Bui The , Lee Yong-Ill
Published: May 2016

Highly sensitive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas sensors were developed from CuO-decorated ZnO semiconducting hierarchical nanostructures. The ZnO hierarchical nanostructure was fabricated by an electrospinning method following hydrothermal and heat treatment. CuO decoration of ZnO hierarchical structures was carried out by a wet method. The H2S gas-sensing properties were examined at different working temperatures using various quantities of CuO as the variable. CuO decoration of the ZnO hierarchical structure was observed to promote sensitivity for H2S gas higher than 30 times at low working temperature (200 °C) compared with that in the nondecorated hierarchical structure. The sensing mechanism of the hybrid sensor structure is also discussed. The morphology and characteristics of the samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and electrical measurements.
Weight gain in anorexia nervosa does not ameliorate the faecal microbiota, branched chain fatty acid profiles and gastrointestinal complaints
Authors: Mack Isabelle , Cuntz Ulrich , Grämer Claudia , Niedermaier Sabrina , Pohl Charlotte , Schwiertz Andreas , Zimmermann Kurt , Zipfel Stephan , Enck Paul , Penders John
Published: May 2016

The gut microbiota not only influences host metabolism but can also affect brain function and behaviour through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. To explore the potential role of the intestinal microbiota in anorexia nervosa (AN), we comprehensively investigated the faecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in these patients before (n = 55) and after weight gain (n = 44) in comparison to normal-weight participants (NW, n = 55) along with dietary intake and gastrointestinal complaints. We show profound microbial perturbations in AN patients as compared to NW participants, with higher levels of mucin-degraders and members of Clostridium clusters I, XI and XVIII and reduced levels of the butyrate-producing Roseburia spp. Branched-chain fatty acid concentrations, being markers for protein fermentation, were elevated. Distinct perturbations in microbial community compositions were observed for individual restrictive and binge/purging AN-subtypes. Upon weight gain, microbial richness increased, however perturbations in intestinal microbiota and short chain fatty acid profiles in addition to several gastrointestinal symptoms did not recover. These insights provide new leads to modulate the intestinal microbiota in order to improve the outcomes of the standard therapy.
AMP-activated protein kinase modulates tau phosphorylation and tau pathology in vivo
Authors: Domise Manon , Didier Sébastien , Marinangeli Claudia , Zhao Haitian , Chandakkar Pallavi , Buée Luc , Viollet Benoit , Davies Peter , Marambaud Philippe , Vingtdeux Valérie
Published: May 2016

Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are the pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases commonly known as tauopathies. NFTs result from the intracellular aggregation of abnormally and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins. Tau functions, which include the regulation of microtubules dynamics, are dependent on its phosphorylation status. As a consequence, any changes in tau phosphorylation can have major impacts on synaptic plasticity and memory. Recently, it has been demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was deregulated in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients where it co-localized with phosphorylated tau in pre-tangle and tangle-bearing neurons. Besides, it was found that AMPK was a tau kinase in vitro. Here, we find that endogenous AMPK activation in mouse primary neurons induced an increase of tau phosphorylation at multiple sites, whereas AMPK inhibition led to a rapid decrease of tau phosphorylation. We further show that AMPK mice deficient for one of the catalytic alpha subunits displayed reduced endogenous tau phosphorylation. Finally, we found that AMPK deficiency reduced tau pathology in the PS19 mouse model of tauopathy. These results show that AMPK regulates tau phosphorylation in mouse primary neurons as well as in vivo and thus suggest that AMPK could be a key player in the development of AD pathology.
Diagnostic Accuracy Study of Intraoperative and Perioperative Serum Intact PTH Level for Successful Parathyroidectomy in 501 Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Patients
Authors: Zhang Lina , Xing Changying , Shen Chong , Zeng Ming , Yang Guang , Mao Huijuan , Zhang Bo , Yu Xiangbao , Cui Yiyao , Sun Bin , Ouyang Chun , Ge Yifei , Jiang Yao , Yin Caixia , Zha Xiaoming , Wang Ningning
Published: May 2016

Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is an effective treatment for severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT); however, persistent SHPT may occur because of supernumerary and ectopic parathyroids. Here a diagnostic accuracy study of intraoperative and perioperative serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) was performed to predict successful surgery in 501 patients, who received total PTX + autotransplantation without thymectomy. Serum iPTH values before incision (io-iPTH0), 10 and 20 min after removing the last parathyroid (io-iPTH10, io-iPTH20), and the first and fourth day after PTX (D1-iPTH, D4-iPTH) were recoded. Patients whose serum iPTH was >50 pg/mL at the first postoperative week were followed up within six months. Successful PTX was defined if iPTH was <300 pg/mL, on the contrary, persistent SHPT was regarded. There were 86.4% patients underwent successful PTX, 9.8% remained as persistent SHPT and 3.8% were undetermined. Intraoperative serum iPTH demonstrated no significant differences in two subgroups with or without chronic hepatitis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that >88.9% of io-iPTH20% could predict successful PTX (area under the curve [AUC] 0.909, sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 88.5%), thereby avoiding unnecessary exploration to reduce operative complications. D4-iPTH >147.4 pg/mL could predict persistent SHPT (AUC 0.998, sensitivity 100%, specificity 99.5%), so that medical intervention or reoperation start timely.
Complex quantum networks as structured environments: engineering and probing
Authors: Nokkala Johannes , Galve Fernando , Zambrini Roberta , Maniscalco Sabrina , Piilo Jyrki
Published: May 2016

We consider structured environments modeled by bosonic quantum networks and investigate the probing of their spectral density, structure and topology. We demonstrate how to engineer a desired spectral density by changing the network structure. Our results show that the spectral density can be very accurately detected via a locally immersed quantum probe for virtually any network configuration. Moreover, we show how the entire network structure can be reconstructed by using a single quantum probe. We illustrate our findings presenting examples of spectral densities and topology probing for networks of genuine complexity.
Effect of the Interaction of Veratrum Nigrum with Panax Ginseng on Estrogenic Activity In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Xu Ying , Ding Jie , An Jin-na , Qu Ya-kun , Li Xin , Ma Xiao-ping , Zhang Yi-min , Dai Guo-jing , Lin Na
Published: May 2016

Panax ginseng (GS) and Veratrum nigrum (VN) are representative of incompatible pairs in “eighteen antagonistic medicaments” that have been recorded in the Chinese medicinal literature for over 2,000 years. However, evidence linking interference effects with combination use is scare. Based on the estrogen-like effect of GS described in our previous studies, we undertake a characterization of the interaction on estrogenic activity of GS and VN using in vivo models of immature and ovariectomized (OVX) mice and in vitro studies with MCF-7 cells for further mechanism. VN decreased the estrogenic efficacy of GS on promoting the development of the uterus and vagina in immature mice, and reversing the atrophy of reproductive tissues in OVX mice. VN interfered with the estrogenic efficacy of GS by decreasing the increase of the serum estradiol and the up-regulation of ERα and ERβ expressions by treatment with GS. And VN antagonized the estrogenic efficacy of GS on promoting the viability of MCF-7 cells and up-regulation of protein and gene expressions of ERs. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that GS and VN decreased effects on estrogenic activity, which might be related to regulation of estrogen secretion and ERs.
Thermotolerant yeasts selected by adaptive evolution express heat stress response at 30 °C
Authors: Caspeta Luis , Chen Yun , Nielsen Jens
Published: May 2016

Exposure to long-term environmental changes across >100s of generations results in adapted phenotypes, but little is known about how metabolic and transcriptional responses are optimized in these processes. Here, we show that thermotolerant yeast strains selected by adaptive laboratory evolution to grow at increased temperature, activated a constitutive heat stress response when grown at the optimal ancestral temperature and that this is associated with a reduced growth rate. This preventive response was perfected by additional transcriptional changes activated when the cultivation temperature is increased. Remarkably, the sum of global transcriptional changes activated in the thermotolerant strains when transferred from the optimal to the high temperature, corresponded, in magnitude and direction, to the global changes observed in the ancestral strain exposed to the same transition. This demonstrates robustness of the yeast transcriptional program when exposed to heat and that the thermotolerant strains streamlined their path to rapidly and optimally reach post-stress transcriptional and metabolic levels. Thus, long-term adaptation to heat improved yeasts ability to rapidly adapt to increased temperatures, but this also causes a trade-off in the growth rate at the optimal ancestral temperature.
Alpha-particle spectrometry for the determination of alpha emitting isotopes in nuclear, environmental and biological samples: past, present and future
Authors: Aggarwal Suresh Kumar
Published: May 2016

Alpha spectrometry (AS) is an important and useful radiometric analytical technique for the qualitative identification and quantitative determination of α-emitting radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear technology related samples.
Green access to chiral Vince lactam in a buffer-free aqueous system using a newly identified substrate-tolerant (−)-γ-lactamase
Authors: Yin Jin-Gang , Gong Yi , Zhang Xiao-Yan , Zheng Gao-Wei , Xu Jian-He
Published: May 2016

A novel (−)-γ-lactamase with high catalytic efficiency, strong substrate tolerance and environmental friendliness was identified for green access to chiral Vince lactam.
The ecotoxicogenomic assessment of soil toxicity associated with the production chain of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), a candidate bio-based green chemical building block
Authors: Chen Guangquan , van Straalen Nico M. , Roelofs Dick
Published: May 2016

2,5-Furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is one of the top-12 value-added chemicals derived from biomass that may serve as a ‘green’ substitute for terephthalic acid (TPA) in polyesters.
Selective hydrogenation of acetophenone with supported Pd and Rh catalysts in water, organic solvents, and CO2-dissolved expanded liquids
Authors: Fujita Shin-ichiro , Onodera Yuichi , Yoshida Hiroshi , Arai Masahiko
Published: May 2016

Solvent effects appear to depend on supports but not on metals in the absence of CO2. Different CO2 effects appear among the catalysts. Water is a better solvent for the reaction for all catalysts under neat and expanded solvent conditions.
Graphene based magnetic nanocomposites as versatile carriers for high yield immobilization and stabilization of β-galactosidase
Authors: Khan Maryam , Husain Qayyum , Naqvi Alim Husain
Published: May 2016

The present study demonstrates an efficient method for high yield immobilization ofAspergillus oryzaeβ-galactosidase onto graphene-iron oxide nanocomposites (Gr@Fe3O4NCs) by a simple adsorption mechanism.
Insulin signalling and glucose transport in the ovary and ovarian function during the ovarian cycle
Authors: Dupont Joëlle , Scaramuzzi Rex J.
Published: May 2016

Data derived principally from peripheral tissues (fat, muscle and liver) show that insulin signals via diverse interconnecting intracellular pathways and that some of the major intersecting points (known as critical nodes) are the IRSs (insulin receptor substrates), PI3K (phosphoinositide kinase)/Akt and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Most of these insulin pathways are probably also active in the ovary and their ability to interact with each other and also with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) signalling pathways enables insulin to exert direct modulating influences on ovarian function. The present paper reviews the intracellular actions of insulin and the uptake of glucose by ovarian tissues (granulosa, theca and oocyte) during the oestrous/menstrual cycle of some rodent, primate and ruminant species. Insulin signals through diverse pathways and these are discussed with specific reference to follicular cell types (granulosa, theca and oocyte). The signalling pathways for FSH in granulosa cells and LH in granulosa and theca cells are summarized. The roles of glucose and of insulin-mediated uptake of glucose in folliculogenesis are discussed. It is suggested that glucose in addition to its well-established role of providing energy for cellular function may also have insulin-mediated signalling functions in ovarian cells, involving AMPK (AMP-dependent protein kinase) and/or hexosamine. Potential interactions of insulin signalling with FSH or LH signalling at critical nodes are identified and the available evidence for such interactions in ovarian cells is discussed. Finally the action of the insulin-sensitizing drugs metformin and the thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone on follicular cells is reviewed.
Multi‐hypothesis map merging with sinogram‐based PSO for multi‐robot systems
Authors: Lee H.C. , Roh B.S. , Lee B.H.
Published: May 2016

Multi‐robot map merging without inter‐robot observations, common landmarks, and the knowledge of initial relative poses is a challenging problem due to lack of features or local maxima. This Letter proposes a multi‐hypothesis map merging algorithm with sinogram‐based particle swarm optimisation to solve the problem. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can merge individual robot maps much more accurately than the existing algorithms.
Simplified search and construction of capacity‐approaching variable‐length constrained sequence codes
Authors: Steadman Andrew , Fair Ivan
Published: May 2016

A technique was recently reported to construct high‐rate variable‐length constrained sequence codes. In this study, the authors outline an algorithm that simplifies the search procedure that is integral to that technique. This algorithm enables examination of a large search space limited only by length and/or number of codewords in order to determine codeword and sourceword lengths that result in high‐rate codes. They also describe a straightforward approach to construct codewords and sourcewords of the required lengths in order to complete the design of instantaneously‐decodeable capacity‐approaching codes that satisfy the specified sequence constraints. They provide results that demonstrate the usefulness of this approach.
Distributed relay selection strategy based on physical‐layer fairness for amplify‐and‐forward relaying systems
Authors: Zhao Haifeng , Pan Zhibin
Published: May 2016

For relay terminals in wireless communication systems, the difference of the power consumed for relaying signals means unfairness, which may reduce the network lifetime when the system is energy‐constrained. Classic opportunistic relay selections always cause unequal power consumption among all relays. In this study, the authors propose a novel distributed relay selection strategy, named the fair opportunistic relay selection (FORS) strategy, for amplify‐and‐forward (AF) opportunistic cooperative systems. The FORS strategy is designed based on physical‐layer fairness that means all available relays cumulatively consume equal power. They use a set of weight coefficients to adjust the channel fading coefficients effectively and then change the selection probabilities for all relays on the basis of proportional fair scheduling. Considering that the ‘optimal’ relay can be selected proactively in quasi‐static Rayleigh fading channels based on local channel state information, the overhead of the proposed scheme is small. Then, they analyse the performance of the FORS strategy and provide an exact analytical expression for the outage probability (Pout) and the average symbol error probability. Numerical simulation results validate their analysis. The results show that the FORS strategy approximately achieves the upper bound of physical‐layer fairness in the AF relaying system.
Localization model description of diffusion and structural relaxation in glass-forming Cu–Zr alloys
Authors: Douglas Jack F , Pazmino Betancourt Beatriz A , Tong Xuhang , Zhang Hao
Published: May 2016

We test the localization model (LM) prediction of a parameter-free relationship between the α-structural relaxation time τ

α
and the Debye–Waller factor  〈u
2 〉  for a series of simulated glass-forming Cu–Zr metallic liquids having a range of alloy compositions. After validating this relationship between the picosecond (‘fast’) and long-time relaxation dynamics over the full range of temperatures and alloy compositions investigated in our simulations, we show that it is also possible to estimate the self-diffusion coefficients of the individual atomic species (D
Cu, D 
Zr) and the average diffusion coefficient D using the LM, in conjunction with the empirical fractional Stokes–Einstein (FSE) relation linking these diffusion coefficients to τ

α
. We further observe that the fragility and extent of decoupling between D and τ

α
strongly correlate with  〈u
2 〉  at the onset temperature of glass-formation T
A where particle caging and the breakdown of Arrhenius relaxation first emerge.
An incorrect diagnosis and an unexpected cause of respiratory failure
Authors: Jandrin Melanie , Breunig Michael
Published: May 2016

Thoracic aortic aneurysms often are asymptomatic or cause nonspecific symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, wheezing, or dysphagia. Acute onset of severe chest, neck, back, or abdominal pain may indicate an aortic rupture or dissection. Early identification and treatment, including optimized medical management and evaluation for surgical intervention, are necessary to improve patient outcomes.
Caring for transgender patients
Authors: Abebe Alyssa
Published: May 2016

Clinicians need a better understanding of transgender populations and a systematic approach to treating transgender patients medically and psychologically while managing any potential judgment or bias. This article explains key concepts, describes transgender patient health concerns, and discusses how to perform a comprehensive history.
Evaluating Isolation Behaviors by Nurses Using Mobile Computer Workstations at the Bedside
Authors: Beam Elizabeth L. , Gibbs Shawn G. , Hewlett Angela L. , Iwen Peter C. , Nuss Suzanne L. , Smith Philip W.
Published: May 2016

This secondary analysis from a larger mixed methods study with a sequential explanatory design investigates the clinical challenges for nurses providing patient care, in an airborne and contact isolation room, while using a computer on wheels for medication administration in a simulated setting. Registered nurses, who regularly work in clinical care at the patient bedside, were recruited as study participants in the simulation and debriefing experience. A live volunteer acted as the standardized patient who needed assessment and intravenous pain medication. The simulation was video recorded in a typical hospital room to observe participating nurses conducting patient care in an airborne and contact isolation situation. Participants then reviewed their performance with study personnel in a formal, audio-recorded debriefing. Isolation behaviors were scored by an expert panel, and the debriefing sessions were analyzed. Considerable variation was found in behaviors related to using a computer on wheels while caring for a patient in isolation. Currently, no nursing care guidelines exist on the use of computers on wheels in an airborne and contact isolation room. Specific education is needed on nursing care processes for the proper disinfection of computers on wheels and the reduction of the potential for disease transmission from environmental contamination.
An Uncommon Presentation of Breast Implant Rupture
Authors: Koh Eugene , Watson David I. , Dean Nicola R.
Published: May 2016

Late periprosthetic seroma has lately been concerning for breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The authors present an uncommon presentation of breast implant rupture with a seroma and skin rash forming 2 years after insertion of the implant.
Validation of the Korean Version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire
Authors: Kwok Cannas , Lee Mi-Joung , Lee Chun Fan
Published: May 2016

Background:

Korean immigrant women have been consistently reported as having low participation in breast cancer screening practices. A valid and reliable instrument to explore factors that affect their cancer screening behaviors is essential.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to report the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ).

Methods:

A convenience sample of 249 Korean Australian women was recruited through a number of Korean community organizations in Sydney.

Results:

Exploratory factor analysis supports a similar fit for the original 3-factor structure of our data set. A significant association was found between the attitudes of these women toward general health checkups and the frequency of their performance of the breast awareness practices and having mammograms. Furthermore, it was found that knowledge and perceptions about the breast cancer scales were significantly associated with education level and that barriers to mammographic screening were much less evident among women who engaged in the 3 screening practices. The results indicated that the Korean version of the BCSBQ had satisfactory validity and internal consistency. The Cronbach’s α of the 3 subscales ranged between .80 and .88.

Conclusion:

The Korean version of the BCSBQ was confirmed to be a culturally appropriate, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing the beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes to breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices among women of Korean background living in Australia.

Implication for Practice:

The Korean version of the BCBSQ can provide nurses with insights into the development of culturally sensitive breast health education programs.
A Pilot Study of a Peer-Group Lifestyle Intervention Enhanced With mHealth Technology and Social Media for Adults With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Aschbrenner Kelly A. , Naslund John A. , Shevenell Megan , Kinney Elizabeth , Bartels Stephen J.
Published: May 2016

This pilot study examined the preliminary effectiveness of a peer-group lifestyle intervention enhanced with mobile health technology and social media for obese individuals with serious mental illness. Thirty-two participants with a body mass index of 30 or higher received a 24-week intervention designed to facilitate peer support for lifestyle change through experiential learning and use of wearable activity tracking devices, smartphone applications, and Facebook to reinforce physical activity, healthy eating, and group participation between sessions. The primary outcome was weight loss. Secondary measures included fitness and participants' perceptions of peer-group support. Most participants (72%) lost weight, including 28% achieving clinically significant weight loss, and 17% of participants showed clinically significant improvements in cardiovascular fitness. Weight loss was associated with perceived peer-group support. This evaluation demonstrated the preliminary effectiveness of a potentially scalable peer-group lifestyle intervention delivered in community mental health settings for obese individuals with serious mental illness.
High-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of tetragonal and cubic perovskite-type PbTiO3phases
Authors: Yoshiasa Akira , Nakatani Tomotaka , Nakatsuka Akihiko , Okube Maki , Sugiyama Kazumasa , Mashimo Tsutomu
Published: May 2016

A high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of a synthetic PbTiO3perovskite was carried out over the wide temperature range 298–928 K. A transition from a tetragonal (P4mm) to a cubic (Pm \bar 3 m) phase has been revealed near 753 K. In the non-centrosymmetricP4mmsymmetry group, the difference in relative displacement between Pb and O along thec-axis is much larger than that between Ti and O. The Pb and Ti cations contribute sufficiently to polarization being shifted in the opposite direction compared with the shift of O atoms. Deviation from the linear changes in Debye–Waller factors and bonding distances in the tetragonal phases can be interpreted as a precursor phenomenon before the phase transition. Disturbance of the temperature factorUeqfor O is observed in the vicinity of the transition point, whileUeqvalues for Pb and Ti are continuously changing with increasing temperature. The O site includes the clear configurational disorder in the cubic phase. The polar local positional distortions remain in the cubic phase and are regarded as the cause of the paraelectricity. Estimated values of the Debye temperature ΘDfor Pb and Ti are 154 and 467 K in the tetragonal phase and decrease 22% in the high-temperature phase. Effective potentials for Pb and Ti change significantly and become soft after the phase transition.
Structure reinvestigation of α-, β- and γ-In2S3
Authors: Pistor Paul , Merino Álvarez Jose M. , León Máximo , di Michiel Marco , Schorr Susan , Klenk Reiner , Lehmann Sebastian
Published: May 2016

Semiconducting indium sulfide (In2S3) has recently attracted considerable attention as a buffer material in the field of thin film photovoltaics. Compared with this growing interest, however, detailed characterizations of the crystal structure of this material are rather scarce and controversial. In order to close this gap, we have carried out a reinvestigation of the crystal structure of this material with anin situX-ray diffraction study as a function of temperature using monochromatic synchrotron radiation. For the purpose of this study, high quality polycrystalline In2S3material with nominally stoichiometric composition was synthesized at high temperatures. We found three modifications of In2S3in the temperature range between 300 and 1300 K, with structural phase transitions at temperatures of 717 K and above 1049 K. By Rietveld refinement we extracted the crystal structure data and the temperature coefficients of the lattice constants for all three phases, including a high-temperature trigonal γ-In2S3modification.
Capecitabine from X-ray powder synchrotron data. Corrigendum
Authors: Rohlicek Jan , Husak Michal , Gavenda Ales , Jegorov Alexandr , Kratochvil Bohumil , Fitch Andy
Published: May 2016

In the paper by Rohliceket al.[Acta Cryst.(2009), E65, o1325–o1326], one H atom was placed incorrectly.
Aqua(4-bromobenzoato-κO)bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2N,N′)manganese(II) 4-bromobenzoate dihydrate
Authors: Hu Ling-Xia , Zhang Bi-Song
Published: May 2016

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Mn(C7H4BrO2)(C12H8N2)2(H2O)](C7H4BrO2)·2H2O, consists of a monovalent [Mn(C7H4BrO2)(C12H8N2)2(H2O)]+complex cation, a 4-bromobenzoate anion and two lattice water molecules. In the complex cation, the MnIIatom is coordinated by four N atoms from two bidentate chelating 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands and two O atoms, one from a 4-bromobenzoate anion and the other from a coordinating water molecule. This completes an MnN4O2coordination sphere with a distorted octahedral geometry. The Br atom of the bromobenzoato ligand is equally disordered over two sites. In the crystal, the complex cations are connected to each otherviaO—H...O, O—H...Br and C—H...O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions [closest separation = 3.492 (4) Å]. π–π contacts [closest separation = 3.771 (4) Å] also link the complex cations to both the coordinated and non-coordinating 4-bromobenzoate anions. Overall, these contacts generate a three-dimensional network structure.
1-(3′,6′-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[isobenzofuran-1,9′-xanthen]-5-yl)-3-[4-({4-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}amino)phenyl]thiourea methanol monosolvate
Authors: Ansideri Francesco , Schollmeyer Dieter , Koch Pierre
Published: May 2016

The title compound, which crystallized as a methanol monosolvate, C41H27FN6O5S·CH3OH, was synthesized as a probe for a fluorescence polarization-based competition binding assay. The isobenzofuran fused-ring system is close to planar and orientated almost perpendicular to the central ring of the xanthene system. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings of the xanthene system is 10.0 (2)°, indicating a butterfly-like orientation. A short intramolecular C—F...π contact [F...π = 3.100 (4) Å and C—F...π = 139.9 (3)°] to the six-membered ring of the isobenzofuran system may influence the molecular conformation. The methanol solvent molecule is disordered over two orientations in a 0.6:0.4 ratio. In the crystal, the components are linked by numerous hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.
(E)-4-Methoxy-N′-(2,4,5-trifluorobenzylidene)benzohydrazide monohydrate
Authors: Maheswari R. , Manjula J. , Gunasekaran B. , Bakiyaraj G.
Published: May 2016

The title Schiff base compound, C15H11F3N2O2·H2O, crystallized as a monohydrate. The conformation about the C=N bond isE. The molecule is almost planar, with the dihedral angle between the planes of the methoxybenzene and trifluorobenzylidene rings being 7.46 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by bifurcated Owater—H...(O,N) hydrogen bonds and N—H...Owaterand Owater—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [100]. The chains are linked by C—H...Owaterhydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to thebcplane. Within the slabs there are offset π–π interactions present [intercentroid distance = 3.7883 (7) Å].
Quantum chemical studies on some new bipyrazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for steel materials
Authors: Ju Hong , Chen Jiejing , Sun Can , Li Yan
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to perform quantum chemical calculations based on the DFT method on four bipyrazoles used as corrosion inhibitors for the plain carbon (“mild”) steel in acid media to determine the relationship between inhibition efficiency and the molecular structure of inhibitors.

Design/methodology/approach

Several quantum chemical parameters, such as the charge distribution, energy and distribution of highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, the absolute electronegativity (χ) values and the fraction of electrons (△N) transferring from inhibitors to the steel surface, were calculated and correlated with inhibition efficiencies.

Findings

The results showed that the inhibition efficiency of bipyrazole increased with the increasing in EHOMO, and the areas containing N atoms were the most probable sites to donate electrons for adsorbing the inhibitor molecules onto the metal surface.

Originality/value

It is a useful method to investigate the mechanisms of reaction by calculating the structure and electronic parameters, which can be obtained by means of theoretical quantum theory. Thus, the behavior and mechanism of the organic inhibitors can be obtained. Quantum chemical method can also be used to guide the selection and molecular design of inhibitors.
On the contributions and the validation of an agent-based simulation model of innovation diffusion
Authors: Nejad Mohammad G.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This paper provides an overview of agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) and evaluates the questions that have been raised regarding the “assumptions and mechanisms used” by a well-cited paper that has used this methodology.

Design/methodology/approach

This work provides a review of agent-based simulation modeling and its capabilities to advance and test theory. The commentary then evaluates and addresses the raised questions and reservations.

Findings

Agent-based modeling offers unique capabilities that can be used to explore complex phenomena in business and marketing. Some of the raised reservations may be considered as directions for future research. However, the criticisms are for most part unsupported by existing research and do not undermine the contributions of the paper that is being discussed.

Practical implications

Given its relative novelty, reservations regarding agent-based simulation modeling are quite natural. Discussions like this one would bring together different points of view and lead to a better understanding of how using ABMS can benefit academia and industry.

Originality/value

This commentary is part of an intellectual dialogue that seeks to provide different points of view about agent-based simulation modeling using a specific paper as an example.
Lean Six Sigma, strategic control systems, and organizational performance for automotive suppliers
Authors: Habidin Nurul Fadly , Mohd Yusof Sha’ri , Mohd Fuzi Nursyazwani
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to develop a model that incorporate lean six sigma (LSS) implementation, strategic control system (SCS) and organizational performance (OP) in Malaysian automotive suppliers.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey through questionnaire was conducted to determine the level of LSS implementation, SCS and OP measurement. In all, 252 sets of questionnaire were successfully collected that brought to 64.3 per cent response rate. Structural equation modeling (SEM) technique was adopted to analyze the data gathered from the survey. Exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for testing the construct validity, test for reliability and model measurement were carried out.

Findings

This study has provided a comprehensive measurement instrument to implement the LSS practices, SCS and OP for Malaysian automotive suppliers. As a result, seven LSS constructs, four for SCS and four measures for OP have been identified. This research model is a mediator model in which it investigates whether the presence of SCS mediates the relationship between LSS and OP. The analysis result through the SEM method showed that SCS does not affect the relationship between LSS and OP. However, SCS is improving OP when coupled with LSS.

Research limitations/implications

This study has only focused on the structured relationship between LSS Construct, SCS and OP measures. It is possible for other factors in the LSS practices to be studied in future experiments such as total productive maintenance, culture change, role structure and project management skills.

Originality/value

Future researchers could apply the LSS, SCS and OP measurement as a benchmark for use and can be replicated in other industry or country in the world with minor modifications on the critical factors necessary to suit the goals of the organization, culture and business environment. It could also be used as a business excellence and supplier selection tool for practitioners and researchers.
Evaluating automated goals for home care support
Authors: Clark Julia S , Turner Kenneth J.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate an approach to automating goals for supporting home care, with a view to understanding user experience when defining such goals and hence identifying improvements that could be made to the approach.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study was designed to answer the key research question of whether users can understand, formulate and relate to automated goals for home care. In order to do this, a fictional text-based scenario was used about a couple with care needs. This helped to explore the feasibility, acceptability and usability of goals to manage care at home. Face-to-face qualitative interviews were undertaken with ten participants with a background in social care: four social care professionals; one health care professional; one formal carer; one informal carer; and three end users.

Findings

– Overall, participants were positive about being able to control the MATCH (Mobilising Advanced Technologies for Care at Home) system through the use of goals. The results from the participant interviews will be used to help guide potential improvements to the home care system. The main issue that emerged from the study is that it would be valuable to think in terms of outcomes as a higher level than goals. A second consideration is that it would be desirable to adopt terminology that can be understood by all stakeholders.

Research limitations/implications

– The study has demonstrated that automated goals for home care have a useful role to play and can be successfully used by end users and carers. Although the range of participants in the study was limited, it has allowed confidence to be built in the approach and has identified useful pointers for future development.

Practical implications

– With the evaluation and validation of the goal-based approach, it has encouraged the developers to make automated goals more widely available in future deployment of the home care system.

Social implications

– The use of automated goals to support home care has been shown to be acceptable to end users and carers. This will allow future home care systems to offer more personal and better customised services to those receiving telecare.

Originality/value

– The study provides a unique evaluation of the use of automated goals to support home care. Previous use of goals in the literature has been for highly technical applications, so their application to home care is novel and speculative. The study has demonstrated that the approach is viable, useful, and usable by end users and carers.