bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infections, fisheries capture, temperature, and host responses: multistressor influences on survival and behaviour of adult Chinook salmon
Authors: Teffer Amy K. , Bass Arthur L. , Miller Kristi M. , Patterson David A. , Juanes Francis , Hinch Scott G.
Published: March 2018

Infectious disease dynamics of wild Pacific salmon are poorly understood and may play a prominent role in recent declines of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations. Multiple stressors influence migration success of adult salmon, such as rising river temperatures and capture and release by fisheries, and likely modulate infection development. To understand how these factors impact survival and migration behaviour of adult salmon in fresh water, we conducted simultaneous holding and telemetry studies with gillnet treatments and nonlethal biopsy. Laboratory fish were held and treated in either cool (9 °C) or warm (14 °C) water. High temperature reduced survival but did not amplify simulated gillnetting effects. Gillnetting reduced migration rate and distance traveled upriver and increased infection burdens, but had no effect on longevity. Heavy infections were associated with reduced longevity and faster migrations. Blood properties and immunity were associated with stressors, survival, and infections. These results improve our predictive capability regarding how stressors can reduce migration success and longevity of Pacific salmon, demonstrating multiple impacts of infections and adding to growing knowledge of disease dynamics in wild fish populations.
Fox formulas for twisted Alexander invariants associated to representations of knot groups over rings of S-integers
Authors: Tange Ryoto
Published: March 2018

We present a generalization of the Fox formula for twisted Alexander invariants associated to representations of knot groups over rings of [Formula: see text]-integers of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a finite set of finite primes of a number field [Formula: see text]. As an application, we give the asymptotic growth of twisted homology groups.
Uncertainty Propagation Analysis of T/R Modules
Authors: Wang Z. H. , Jiang C. , Ruan X. X. , Zhang Y. Q. , Huang Z. L. , Wang C. S. , Fang T.
Published: March 2018

This paper develops an uncertainty propagation analysis method to analyze transmit/receive (T/R) modules with uncertain parameters, such as variability and tolerances in the physical parameters and geometry produced in the manufacturing processes. The method is a combination of the variance decomposition-based sensitivity analysis and the moment-based arbitrary polynomial chaos (MBaPC). First, the electromagnetic simulation model of a practical T/R module is created. Secondly, based on the model, the sensitivity analysis is carried out to determine the sensitive parameters to the amplitude difference and the phase difference between the input and output electromagnetic signal. Thirdly, their four order statistical moments are calculated using the MBaPC. At last, according to the maximum entropy principle, the statistical moments are used to fit the probability distribution functions of the amplitude difference and the phase difference of the T/R module. The results computed by MBaPC have been validated accurate and efficient compared with Monte Carlo simulation approach.
‘Ductile v. Brittle’ – Alternative structural interpretations for the Niger Delta
Authors: Restrepo-Pace Pedro A
Published: March 2018

A wealth of subsurface information gathered from over 60 years of hydrocarbon exploration offshore Nigeria provides a reference study area on the interaction between sedimentation, structure and overpressure in a large delta system. The current geological paradigm is that structuration and synkinematic sedimentation is governed by shale mobility from the deeper parts of the delta. This concept is largely the result of interpretations derived from vintage seismic data and insufficient calibration of the deeper parts of the delta. Long-cable seismic data are providing new insights into this interpretation conundrum. A first-order problem, which is of particular interest here, relates to the linkage between the extensional structures updip with the compressional structures downdip. The translational zone between extension and compression is key to unravelling the nature of this link and any associated structural material balance discrepancies. The primary focus of the current paper is to interrogate seismic data and to provide alternative interpretations to the accepted paradigm. Two end-member interpretations of the Niger Delta regional seismic dip lines – referred to here as the ‘ductile model’ and the ‘brittle model’ – are presented. Aside from their internal geometrical dissimilarities, these interpretations suggest fundamentally different kinematic and geomechanical models. The latter may offer a wider scope for deep – largely neglected – hydrocarbon exploration targets. Ultimately, these ideas could provide the conceptual framework that, in conjunction with improved seismic efforts, could lead to rejuvenated exploration portfolios.
Greater cellular stiffness in fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Jaffar Jade , Yang Soung-Hee , Kim Sally Yunsun , Kim Hae-Won , Faiz Alen , Chrzanowski Wojciech , Burgess Janette K.
Published: March 2018

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease involving degenerative breathing capacity. Fibrotic disease is driven by dysregulation in mechanical forces at the organ, tissue, and cellular level. While it is known that, in certain pathologies, diseased cells are stiffer than healthy cells, it is not known if fibroblasts derived from patients with IPF are stiffer than their normal counterparts. Using IPF patient-derived cell cultures, we measured the stiffness of individual lung fibroblasts via high-resolution force maps using atomic force microscopy. Fibroblasts from patients with IPF were stiffer and had an augmented cytoskeletal response to transforming growth factor-β1 compared with fibroblasts from donors without IPF. The results from this novel study indicate that the increased stiffness of lung fibroblasts of IPF patients may contribute to the increased rigidity of fibrotic lung tissue.
Inhibiting Bruton’s tyrosine kinase rescues mice from lethal influenza-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Florence Jon M. , Krupa Agnieszka , Booshehri Laela M. , Davis Sandra A. , Matthay Michael A. , Kurdowska Anna K.
Published: March 2018

Infection with seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) leads to lung inflammation and respiratory failure, a main cause of death in influenza-infected patients. Previous experiments in our laboratory indicate that Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) plays a substantial role in regulating inflammation in the respiratory region during acute lung injury in mice; therefore, we sought to determine if blocking Btk activity has a protective effect in the lung during influenza-induced inflammation. The Btk inhibitor ibrutinib (also known as PCI-32765) was administered intranasally to mice starting 72 h after lethal infection with IAV. Our data indicate that treatment with the Btk inhibitor not only reduced weight loss and led to survival, but also had a dramatic effect on morphological changes to the lungs, in IAV-infected mice. Attenuation of lung inflammation indicative of acute lung injury, such as alveolar hemorrhage, interstitial thickening, and the presence of alveolar exudate, together with reduced levels of the inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, KC, and MCP-1, strongly suggests amelioration of the pathological immune response in the lungs to promote resolution of the infection. Finally, we observed that blocking Btk specifically in the alveolar compartment led to significant attenuation of neutrophil extracellular traps released into the lung in vivo and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in vitro. Our innovative findings suggest that Btk may be a new drug target for influenza-induced lung injury, and, in general, that immunomodulatory treatment may be key in treating lung dysfunction driven by excessive inflammation.
Development of a polarized pancreatic ductular cell epithelium for physiological studies
Authors: O’Malley Yunxia , Rotti Pavana G. , Thornell Ian M. , Vanegas Calderón Oriana G. , Febres-Aldana Christopher , Durham Katelin , Yao Jianrong , Li Xiaopeng , Zhu Zheng , Norris Andrew W. , Zabner Joseph , Engelhardt John F. , Uc Aliye
Published: March 2018

Pancreatic ductular epithelial cells comprise the majority of duct cells in pancreas, control cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate ([Formula: see text]) secretion, but are difficult to grow as a polarized monolayer. Using NIH-3T3-J2 fibroblast feeder cells and a Rho-associated kinase inhibitor, we produced well-differentiated and polarized porcine pancreatic ductular epithelial cells. Cells grown on semipermeable filters at the air-liquid interface developed typical epithelial cell morphology and stable transepithelial resistance and expressed epithelial cell markers (zona occludens-1 and β-catenin), duct cell markers (SOX-9 and CFTR), but no acinar (amylase) or islet cell (chromogranin) markers. Polarized cells were studied in Ussing chambers bathed in Krebs-Ringer [Formula: see text] solution at 37°C gassed with 5% CO2 to measure short-circuit currents ( Isc). Ratiometric measurement of extracellular pH was performed with fluorescent SNARF-conjugated dextran at 5% CO2. Cells demonstrated a baseline Isc (12.2 ± 3.2 μA/cm2) that increased significantly in response to apical forskolin-IBMX (∆ Isc: 35.4 ± 3.8 μA/cm2, P < 0.001) or basolateral secretin (∆ Isc: 31.4 ± 2.5 μA/cm2, P < 0.001), both of which increase cellular levels of cAMP. Subsequent addition of apical GlyH-101, a CFTR inhibitor, decreased the current (∆ Isc: 20.4 ± 3.8 μA/cm2, P < 0.01). Extracellular pH and [Formula: see text] concentration increased significantly after forskolin-IBMX (pH: 7.18 ± 0.23 vs. 7.53 ± 0.19; [Formula: see text] concentration, 14.5 ± 5.9 vs. 31.8 ± 13.4 mM; P < 0.05 for both). We demonstrate the development of a polarized pancreatic ductular epithelial cell epithelium with CFTR-dependent [Formula: see text] secretion in response to secretin and cAMP. This model is highly relevant, as porcine pancreas physiology is very similar to humans and pancreatic damage in the cystic fibrosis pig model recapitulates that of humans.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pancreas ductular epithelial cells control cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate secretion. Their function is critical because when CFTR is deficient in cystic fibrosis bicarbonate secretion is lost and the pancreas is damaged. Mechanisms that control pancreatic bicarbonate secretion are incompletely understood. We generated well-differentiated and polarized porcine pancreatic ductular epithelial cells and demonstrated feasibility of bicarbonate secretion. This novel method will advance our understanding of pancreas physiology and mechanisms of bicarbonate secretion.
Orbital Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Moro Alessandro , De Angelis Paolo , Gasparini Giulio , Pelo Sandro , Petrone Gianluigi , Lucci Cordisco Emanuela , Garagiola Umberto , D’Amato Giuseppe , Saponaro Gianmarco
Published: March 2018

Purpose. Desmoid-type fibromatosis is a benign fibrous neoplasia originating from connective tissue, fascial planes, and musculoaponeurotic structures of the muscles. Currently, there is no evidence-based treatment approach available for desmoid fibromatosis. In this article, a case of a patient in the pediatric age affected by desmoid fibromatosis localized in the orbit is presented. The aim of the article is to describe this unusual and rare location for the desmoid fibromatosis and outline the principle phases in the decision-making process and the therapeutic alternatives for a patient affected by desmoid fibromatosis. Methods. The protocol of this review included study objectives, search strategy, and selection criteria. The primary end point of this study was to analyze the head and neck desmoid fibromatosis. The secondary end point was to identify the available therapies and assess their specific indications. Results. The mean age of patients was 18.9 years ranging from 0 to 66, and 52% were female. A bimodal age distribution was observed, and two age peaks were identified: 0–14 years (57%) and 28–42 years (18%). The most common involved areas were the mandible (25%) followed by the neck (21%). In 86% of the cases, the treatment was the surgical resection of the disease, and only in 5% of the cases, the surgical resection was followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion. The orbital location is extremely rare, especially in the pediatric population. The management of desmoid fibromatosis is based on the function preservation and the maintenance of a good quality of life, but in case of symptomatic patients or aggressive course of the disease or risk of functional damages, the surgical approach may be considered. Therapeutic alternatives to surgical resection are radiotherapy and systemic therapy.
Placental Histomorphology in a Case of Double Trisomy 48,XXX,+18
Authors: Shah Sujal I. , Dyer Lisa , Stanek Jerzy
Published: March 2018

Background. Approximately 50% of early spontaneous abortions are found to have chromosomal abnormalities. In these cases, certain histopathologic abnormalities are suggestive of, although not diagnostic for, the presence of chromosomal abnormalities. However, placental histomorphology in cases of complex chromosomal abnormalities, including double trisomies, is virtually unknown. Case Report. We present the case of a 27-year-old G3P22002 female presenting at 19 weeks and 1 day of gestation by last menstrual period for scheduled prenatal visit. Ultrasound revealed a single fetus without heart tones and adequate amniotic fluid. Limited fetal measurements were consistent with estimated gestational age of 17 weeks. Labor was induced with misoprostol due to fetal demise. Autopsy revealed an immature female fetus with grade 1-2 maceration. The ears were low-set and posteriorly rotated. The fingers were short bilaterally, and the right foot showed absence of the second and third digits. Evaluation of the organs showed predominantly marked autolysis consistent with retained stillbirth. Placental examination revealed multiple findings, including focal pseudovillous papilliform trophoblastic proliferation of the undersurface of the chorionic plate and clustering of perpendicularly oriented sclerotic chorionic villi in the chorion laeve, which have not been previously reported in cases of chromosomal abnormalities. Karyotype of placental tissue revealed a 48,XXX,+18 karyotype and the same double trisomy of fetal thymic tissue by FISH. Conclusion. In addition to convoluted outlines of chorionic villi, villous trophoblastic pseudoinclusions, and clusters of villous cytotrophoblasts, the previously unreported focal pseudovillous papilliform trophoblastic proliferation of the undersurface of the chorionic plate and clustering of perpendicularly oriented sclerotic chorionic villi in the chorion laeve were observed in this double trisomy case. More cases have to be examined to show if the histology is specific for this double trisomy.
Dynamical Behaviors of a Stochastic SIQR Epidemic Model with Quarantine-Adjusted Incidence
Authors: Cao Zhongwei , Zhou Shengjuan
Published: March 2018

We study the dynamics of a stochastic SIQR epidemic disease with quarantine-adjusted incidence in this article. In order to find the sufficient conditions for the ergodicity and extermination of the model, we construct suitable stochastic Lyapunov functions and find the results of the stochastic SIQR epidemic model. From the results, we find that when the white noise is relatively large, the infectious diseases will become extinct; this also shows that the intervention of white noise will play an important part in controlling the spread of the disease.
Control System Based on Anode Offgas Recycle for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System
Authors: Li Shuanghong , Zhan Chengjun , Yang Yupu
Published: March 2018

The conflicting operation objectives between rapid load following and the fuel depletion avoidance as well as the strong interactions between the thermal and electrical parameters make the SOFC system difficult to control. This study focuses on the design of the decoupling control for the thermal and electrical characteristics of the SOFC system through anode offgas recycling (AOR). The decoupling control system can independently manipulate the thermal and electrical parameters, which interact with one another in most cases, such as stack temperatures, burner temperature, system current, and system power. Under the decoupling control scheme, the AOR is taken as a manipulation variable. The burner controller maintains the burner temperature without being affected by abrupt power change. The stack temperature controller properly coordinates with the burner temperature controller to independently modulate the stack thermal parameters. For the electrical problems, the decoupling control scheme shows its superiority over the conventional controller in alleviating rapid load following and fuel depletion avoidance. System-level simulation under a power-changing case is performed to validate the control freedom between the thermal and electrical characteristics as well as the stability, efficiency, and robustness of the novel system control scheme.
Calculating the Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions from Continuous Glucose Data Using an Open-Code Programmable Algorithm Based on the Integer Nonlinear Method
Authors: Yu Xuefei , Lin Liangzhuo , Shen Jie , Chen Zhi , Jian Jun , Li Bin , Xin Sherman Xuegang
Published: March 2018

The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) is an essential index for glycemic variability assessment, which is treated as a key reference for blood glucose controlling at clinic. However, the traditional “ruler and pencil” manual method for the calculation of MAGE is time-consuming and prone to error due to the huge data size, making the development of robust computer-aided program an urgent requirement. Although several software products are available instead of manual calculation, poor agreement among them is reported. Therefore, more studies are required in this field. In this paper, we developed a mathematical algorithm based on integer nonlinear programming. Following the proposed mathematical method, an open-code computer program named MAGECAA v1.0 was developed and validated. The results of the statistical analysis indicated that the developed program was robust compared to the manual method. The agreement among the developed program and currently available popular software is satisfied, indicating that the worry about the disagreement among different software products is not necessary. The open-code programmable algorithm is an extra resource for those peers who are interested in the related study on methodology in the future.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in a Cohort of Newly Diagnosed Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Archontogeorgis Kostas , Voulgaris Athanasios , Nena Evangelia , Strempela Maria , Karailidou Panagiota , Tzouvelekis Argyrios , Mouemin Toulin , Xanthoudaki Maria , Steiropoulos Stylianos , Froudarakis Marios E. , Steiropoulos Paschalis
Published: March 2018

Objectives. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess whether the 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed patients with OSAS is increased. Materials and Methods. Recently diagnosed, with polysomnography, consecutive OSAS patients were included. The Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) and the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) were used to estimate the 10-year risk for cardiovascular disease. Results. Totally, 393 individuals (73.3% males), scheduled to undergo a polysomnographic study with symptoms indicative of OSAS, were enrolled. According to apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), subjects were divided in four groups: mild OSAS (AHI 5–14.9/h) was diagnosed in 91 patients (23.2%), moderate OSAS (AHI 15–29.9/h) in 58 patients (14.8%), severe OSAS (AHI > 30/h) in 167 patients (42.5%), while 77 individuals (19.6%) had an AHI < 5/h and served as controls. Increased severity of OSAS was associated with increased SCORE p<0.001 and FRS values p<0.001. More specifically, a significant correlation was observed both between AHI and SCORE r=0.251, p<0.001 and AHI and FRS values r=0.291, p<0.001. Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between FRS values and sleep efficiency r=−0.224, p=0.006. Conclusions. The 10-year risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seems to increase with severity of OSAS. Physicians should bear this finding in mind, in order to seek for and consecutively eliminate risk factors for cardiovascular disease and to prevent future cardiovascular events in OSAS patients.
Thyroid Cancer Detection by Ultrasound Molecular Imaging with SHP2-Targeted Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu ZhongQian , Yang Bin , Li Tiankuan , Li Jia
Published: March 2018

Background. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging has been widely used in the ultrasound diagnosis of a variety of tumours with high diagnostic accuracy, especially in patients with hepatic carcinoma, while its application is rarely reported in thyroid cancer. The currently used ultrasound contrast agents, microbubbles, cannot be targeted to molecular markers expressed in tumour cells due to their big size, leading to a big challenge for ultrasound molecular imaging. Phase-changeable perfluorocarbon nanoparticles may resolve the penetrability limitation of microbubbles and serve as a promising probe for ultrasound molecular imaging. Methods. 65 thyroid tumour samples and 40 normal samples adjacent to thyroid cancers were determined for SHP2 expression by IHC. SHP2-targeted PLGA nanoparticles (NPs-SHP2) encapsulating perfluoropentane (PFP) were prepared with PLGA-PEG as a shell material, and their specific target-binding ability was assessed in vitro and in vivo, and the effect on the enhancement of ultrasonic imaging induced by LIFU was studied in vivo. Results. In the present study, we verified that tumour overexpression of SHP2 and other protein tyrosine phosphatases regulated several cellular processes and contributed to tumorigenesis, which could be introduced to ultrasound molecular imaging for differentiating normal from malignant thyroid diagnostic nodes. The IHC test showed remarkably high expression of SHP2 in human thyroid carcinoma specimens. In thyroid tumour xenografts in mice, the imaging signal was significantly enhanced by SHP2-targeted nanoparticles after LIFU induction. Conclusion. This study provides a basis for preclinical exploration of ultrasound molecular imaging with NPs-SHP2 for clinical thyroid nodule detection to enhance diagnostic accuracy.
Multifeature Fusion Detection Method for Fake Face Attack in Identity Authentication
Authors: Liu Haiqing , Zheng Shiqiang , Hao Shuhua , Li Yuancheng
Published: March 2018

With the rise in biometric-based identity authentication, facial recognition software has already stimulated interesting research. However, facial recognition has also been subjected to criticism due to security concerns. The main attack methods include photo, video, and three-dimensional model attacks. In this paper, we propose a multifeature fusion scheme that combines dynamic and static joint analysis to detect fake face attacks. Since the texture differences between the real and the fake faces can be easily detected, LBP (local binary patter) texture operators and optical flow algorithms are often merged. Basic LBP methods are also modified by considering the nearest neighbour binary computing method instead of the fixed centre pixel method; the traditional optical flow algorithm is also modified by applying the multifusion feature superposition method, which reduces the noise of the image. In the pyramid model, image processing is performed in each layer by using block calculations that form multiple block images. The features of the image are obtained via two fused algorithms (MOLF), which are then trained and tested separately by an SVM classifier. Experimental results show that this method can improve detection accuracy while also reducing computational complexity. In this paper, we use the CASIA, PRINT-ATTACK, and REPLAY-ATTACK database to compare the various LBP algorithms that incorporate optical flow and fusion algorithms.
Multiparty Evolutionary Game Model in Coal Mine Safety Management and Its Application
Authors: Lu Rongwu , Wang Xinhua , Yu Hao , Li Dan
Published: March 2018

Coal mine safety management involves many interested parties and there are complex relationships between them. According to game theory, a multiparty evolutionary game model is established to analyze the selection of strategies. Then, a simplified three‐party model is taken as an example to carry out detailed analysis and solution. Based on stability theory of dynamics system and phase diagram analysis, this article studies replicator dynamics of the evolutionary model to make an optimization analysis of the behaviors of those interested parties and the adjustment mechanism of safety management policies and decisions. The results show how the charge of supervision of government department and inspection of coal mine enterprise impact the efficiency of safety management and the effect of constraint measures and incentive and other measures in safety management.
Using a New Marker Clip System in Breast Cancer: Tumark Vision® Clip - Feasibility Testing in Everyday Clinical Practice
Authors: Rüland Anna Marlene , Hagemann Friederike , Reinisch Mattea , Holtschmidt Johannes , Kümmel Aylin , Dittmer-Grabowski Christine , Stöblen Frank , Rotthaus Horst , Dreesmann Volker , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Kümmel Sherko
Published: March 2018

Background: This study presents first feasibility experiences with a new 3-dimensional (3D) marker clip system in clinical practice. The rate of clinical complete responses in the treatment of breast cancer patients is increasing; additionally, a change to targeted axillary dissection is being considered after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Consequently, marker clips are needed which are reliable and easy to handle even in the axillary lymph node system. Methods: A total of 50 patients from the Breast Care Unit of the Kliniken Essen Mitte were included. Clip marking of all 50 primary breast cancer lesions as well as 23 lymph nodes was performed using the Tumark Vision® clip. Following application, the position and visibility of the marker clip were monitored and documented in 2 axes. Results: The feasibility of the Tumark Vision clip was excellent in everyday clinical practice as none of the markers dislocated. After clip marking of the tumor region and/or suspicious lymph nodes, all Tumark Vision clips could be detected in both axes. The 3D shape could be observed in all cases after application. Conclusion: The new 3D-shaped marker clip seems to be a promising tool for marking breast cancer lesions and even lymph nodes before NACT. As there are many studies ongoing to prove the feasibility of a shift from standard axillary dissection after NACT towards targeted axillary dissection, the Tumark Vision clip seems to provide good visibility even in lymph nodes after NACT. Further studies are warranted.
Two Cases with Ring Chromosome 13 at either End of the Phenotypic Spectrum
Authors: Çakmaklı Seda , Çankaya Tufan , Gürsoy Semra , Koç Altuğ , Kırbıyık Özgür , Kılıçarslan Özge A. , Özer Erdener , Erçal Derya , Bozkaya Özlem G.
Published: March 2018

Ring chromosome 13 is a rare genetic condition with an incidence of 1/58,000 in live births. Major clinical features of patients with ring chromosome 13 include growth and developmental retardation, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, ambiguous genitalia, anal atresia, eye malformations, retinoblastoma, and hand, foot, and toe abnormalities. The severity of the phenotype depends on the amount of genetic material lost during ring chromosome formation. Here, we report 2 cases with ring chromosome 13 at either end of the phenotypic spectrum.
Predictive Factors of Contralateral Operation after Initial Pyeloplasty in Children with Antenatally Detected Bilateral Hydronephrosis Due to Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Authors: Jiang Dapeng , Chen Zhoutong , Lin Houwei , Xu Maosheng , Geng Hongquan
Published: March 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the predictive factors of a contralateral operation after initial pyeloplasty in patients with antenatally detected bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Methods: Patients with prenatally diagnosed bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction who underwent initial pyeloplasty (aged <12 months at initial pyeloplasty) were offered to participate in the study. Patients were recruited from January 2012 to December 2015. The anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter, parenchymal thickness, and calyceal dilatation were evaluated. Predictive factors of contralateral pyeloplasty after initial unilateral pyeloplasty were also examined. Results: In total, 82 patients were included in the study (mean age, 2.8 months). Among all patients who underwent initial pyeloplasty, additional contralateral pyeloplasty was required in 11 patients (13.4%). The outcome of contralateral hydronephrosis was assessed as resolution, persistence, or surgery. The median anteroposterior renal pelvic diameter and calyceal dilatation were significantly different among the groups (p < 0.001). Calyceal dilatation of ≥10 mm and a calyceal dilatation/parenchymal thickness ratio of ≥5 strongly suggested the likelihood of a contralateral operation. Conclusions: In most patients with bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction, improvement or resolution of contralateral hydronephrosis following initial unilateral pyeloplasty can be expected. Patients with contralateral calyceal dilatation >10 mm and the calyceal dilatation/parenchymal thickness ratio >5 are at higher risk of surgery.
Impact of Xenon on CLIC4 and Bcl-2 Expression in Lipopolysaccharide and Hypoxia-Ischemia-Induced Periventricular White Matter Damage
Authors: Yin Xiangyun , Zhao Jixiu , Jiang Hong , Li Liangliang , Jiang Jian , Xi Hongmin , Peng Xiangli , Yin Xiaohang , Shi Xiaotong , Zhang Lulu
Published: March 2018

Background: Premature birth is a significant health care burden. Xenon (Xe) is a general anesthetic with neuroprotective effects. Objectives: Here, we investigate the neuroprotective role of Xe in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced white matter damage (WMD) model. Methods: Three-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham group (group A, n = 24), an LPS + HI group (group B, n = 24), and an LPS + HI + Xe group (group C, n = 72). The onset of Xe inhalation started at 0, 2, and 5 h in subgroups C1, C2, and C3, respectively. Next, we performed TUNEL and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; and examined the expression of CLIC4 and Bcl-2 in brain tissues. Results: HE staining revealed distorted cytoarchitecture, tangled nerve fibers, and pyknosis in group B, while Xe treatment improved these histological alterations in the group C pups. Following LPS and HI insult, the number of apoptotic cells significantly increased in group B at 48 and 72 h (p < 0.05), and Xe significantly alleviated apoptosis (p < 0.001) at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. Similarly, CLIC4 mRNA expression was significantly increased in group B (p < 0.05), and Xe produced a marked reduction in CLIC4 mRNA expression in group C subgroups (p < 0.05). Western blotting demonstrated enhanced Bcl-2 expression in group C when compared to group B (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results demonstrate that LPS and HI successfully induced WMD, and Xe decreased neuronal apoptosis via Bcl-2- and CLIC4-mediated pathways. Moreover, the therapeutic time window of Xe extended for up to 5 h. These findings suggest that Xe can be used as a protective treatment for WMD in premature infants.
Vitamin D Levels, Body Composition, and Metabolic Factors in Asian Indians: Results from the Metabolic Syndrome and Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Pilot Study
Authors: Chiang Janet M. , Stanczyk Frank Z. , Kanaya Alka M.
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: Asian Indians have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 150 Asian Indians (50% male) from the San Francisco Bay Area. We assessed the association between 25-OH vitamin D (25-OHD) levels and vitamin D deficiency with body composition (anthropometric and radiographic measures) and metabolic outcomes. Results: In both men and women, the presence of vitamin D deficiency was associated with higher systolic (p = 0.004) and diastolic (p = 0.01) blood pressure, and fasting glucose (p = 0.01). Only in women, vitamin D deficiency status was associated with higher body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, visceral fat area, and hepatic fat content after adjusting for age, income, and physical activity level. In women, 25-OHD was also associated with fasting glucose after adjusting for age, income, and physical activity and further adjusting for BMI and waist circumference (β –2.1, 95% CI –0.86 to –0.01, p = 0.04). This association between vitamin D deficiency and metabolic parameters was not significant in men. Conclusions: A lower level of 25-OHD and vitamin D deficiency were associated with higher levels of metabolic factors among Asian Indians. Our findings suggest that 25-OHD metabolism may differ by the distribution of adipose tissue and involve previously unexplored pathways accounting for the variability in the role of vitamin D in cardiovascular disease.
Long-Time Course of Idiopathic Small Fiber Neuropathy
Authors: Flossdorf Pia , Haupt Walter F. , Brunn Anna , Deckert Martina , Fink Gereon R. , Lehmann Helmar C. , Wunderlich Gilbert
Published: March 2018

Background: Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a challenging subtype of peripheral neuropathies. Once the diagnosis has been established, there is an uncertainty how SFN may progress, whether larger fibers will become involved over time, whether quality of life may be compromised, or whether repeated diagnostic workup in patients with unknown underlying cause may increase the yield of treatable causes of SFN. Methods: We evaluated 16 patients with documented long-time course of idiopathic SFN. Results: Clinical and electrophysiological course remained stable in 75% of the patients, while 25% SFN-patients developed large fiber neuropathies. Conclusions: Our data suggest that SFN represents a benign disease course in the majority of patients without severely limiting the quality of life.
Comparative Proteomic Identification of Protein Disulphide Isomerase A6 Associated with Tert-Butylhydroperoxide-Induced Liver Injury in Rat Hepatocytes
Authors: Shen Chien-Heng , Tung Shui-Yi , Huang Wen-Shih , Lee Kam-Fai , Hsieh Yung-Yu , Hsieh Meng Chiao , Chen Cheng-Nan , Kuo Hsing-Chun
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: Oxidants are important human toxicants. They have been implicated in the occurrence and development of liver diseases. Increased intracellular tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) may be critical for oxidant toxicity, and is commonly used for evaluating mechanisms involving oxidative stress, but the method remains controversial. Methods: Primary cultures of hepatocytes as well as human Hep G2 and mouse FL83B liver cells were obtained. Cell viability was measured by annexin V–FITC/propidium iodide and DAPI staining to determine the effects of t-BHP treatment on acute liver injury. A proteomic assay provided information that was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins following t-BHP treatment; immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of PDIA6 activity in apoptotic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways. Results: Our results demonstrate that t-BHP treatment of liver cells increased cell cytotoxicity and the generation of reactive oxygen species. This treatment also increased the level of PDIA6; this was validated in vitro and in vivo based on a comparison of t-BHP-treated and -untreated groups. Treatment of mouse liver FL83B cells with t-BHP activated caspase 3, increased the expression of apoptotic molecules, caused cytochrome c release, and induced Bcl-2, Bax and IRE1α/TRAF2 complex formation. t-BHP-dependent induction of apoptosis was accompanied by sustained phosphorylation of the IRE1α/ASK1/JNK1/2/p38 pathways and PDIA6 expression. Furthermore, t-BHP induced liver FL83B cell viability and apoptosis by upregulating the levels of PDIA6; this process could be involved in the activation of the IRE1α/ASK1/JNK1/2/p38 signalling pathways. Conclusions: We conclude that t-BHP induced an apoptosis cascade and ER stress in hepatocytes by upregulation of PDIA6, providing a new mechanism underlying the effects of t-BHP on liver injury.
Knockdown of PRKAR2B Results in the Failure of Oocyte Maturation
Authors: Yoon Hyemin , Jang Hoon , Kim Eun-Young , Moon Sohyeon , Lee Sangho , Cho Minha , Cho Hye Jung , Ko Jung Jae , Chang Eun Mi , Lee Kyung-Ah , Choi Youngsok
Published: March 2018

Background/Aims: Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent type 2 regulatory subunit beta (Prkar2b) is a regulatory isoform of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which is the primary target for cAMP actions. In oocytes, PKA and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) have important roles during the germinal vesicle (GV) stage arrest of development. Although the roles of the PKA signal pathway have been studied in the development of oocyte, there has been no report on the function of PRKAR2B, a key regulator of PKA. Methods: Using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence, we determined the relative expression of Prkar2b in various tissues, including ovarian follicles, during oocyte maturation. Prkar2b-interfering RNA (RNAi) microinjection was conducted to confirm the effect of Prkar2b knockdown, and immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and time-lapse video microscopy were used to analyze Prkar2b-deficient oocytes. Results: Prkar2b is strongly expressed in the ovarian tissues, particularly in the growing follicle. During oocyte maturation, the highest expression of Prkar2b was during metaphase I (MI), with a significant decrease at metaphase II (MII). RNAi-mediated Prkar2b suppression resulted in MI-stage arrest during oocyte development, and these oocytes exhibited abnormal spindle formation and chromosome aggregation. Expression of other members of the PKA family (except for Prkaca) were decreased, and the majority of the PPP factors were also reduced in Prkar2b-deficient oocytes. Conclusion: These results suggest that Prkar2b is closely involved in the maturation of oocytes by controlling spindle formation and PPP-mediated metabolism.
Effects of Haloperidol on Delirium in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shen Ying-zi , Peng Ke , Zhang Juan , Meng Xiao-wen , Ji Fu-hai
Published: March 2018

Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate whether or not the use of haloperidol could reduce the incidence of delirium in adult patients. Subjects and Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Elsevier, Wiley, and Ovid were searched for randomized controlled trials and prospective interventional cohort studies that compared haloperidol with placebo for delirium prophylaxis or with second generation antipsychotics for delirium treatment. The primary end point was the incidence and severity of delirium. After reviewing 272 relevant articles, 10 studies with 1,861 patients were finally included (haloperidol vs. placebo in 8 studies [n = 1,734], and haloperidol vs. second-generation antipsychotics in 2 studies [n = 127]). Revman 5.3 was used for the data analysis. Results: Compared with placebo, a high dose of prophylactic haloperidol (≥5 mg/day) may help reduce the incidence of delirium in surgical patients (risk ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.32, 0.79). There were no differences in the duration of delirium, QTc interval prolongation, extrapyramidal symptoms, intensive care unit stay, hospital stay, or mortality between the haloperidol and placebo groups. For delirium treatment, haloperidol exhibited similar effects as the second-generation antipsychotics. Conclusions: In this study, the limited available data revealed that prophylaxis haloperidol at a dose of ≥5 mg/day might help reduce delirium in adult surgical patients. Further outcome studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm these findings.
“You will never understand”: the monopoly of the place of speech through cultural trauma narratives in Brazil
Authors: Blotta Vitor Souza Lima
Published: March 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar estudos e narrativas sobre trauma cultural para entender as características básicas de auto-compreensões conservadoras e reacionárias, que podem ser chamadas de “monopólios do lugar de fala”. Por causa de seu caráter radical, acredito que narrativas de traumas culturais, como a literatura de testemunho e romances gráficos podem dar acesso às principais características desses monopólios e a maneiras de criticá-los. Esses elementos são a inacessibilidade, o deslocamento e a repetição tardia, as quais são então utilizadas neste artigo para analisar literatura de ficção e não-ficção e romances gráficos sobre a dituradura militar Brasil, como “K” de Bernardo Kucisnki (2013) e “Notas de um Tempo Silenciado”, de Robson Vilalba (2014).
Sex Differences in Timeliness of Reperfusion in Young Patients With ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction by Initial Electrocardiographic Characteristics
Authors: Gupta Aakriti , Barrabes Jose A. , Strait Kelly , Bueno Hector , Porta‐Sánchez Andreu , Acosta‐Vélez J. Gabriel , Lidón Rosa‐Maria , Spatz Erica , Geda Mary , Dreyer Rachel P. , Lorenze Nancy , Lichtman Judith , D'Onofrio Gail , Krumholz Harlan M.
Published: March 2018

Background

Young women with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction experience reperfusion delays more frequently than men. Our aim was to determine the electrocardiographic correlates of delay in reperfusion in young patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results

We examined sex differences in initial electrocardiographic characteristics among 1359 patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction in a prospective, observational, cohort study (2008–2012) of 3501 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 18 to 55 years of age, as part of the VIRGO (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young
AMI
Patients) study at 103
US
and 24 Spanish hospitals enrolling in a 2:1 ratio for women/men. We created a multivariable logistic regression model to assess the relationship between reperfusion delay (door‐to‐balloon time >90 or >120 minutes for transfer or door‐to‐needle time >30 minutes) and electrocardiographic characteristics, adjusting for sex, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical characteristics at presentation. In our study (834 women and 525 men), women were more likely to exceed reperfusion time guidelines than men (42.4% versus 31.5%;
P
<0.01). In multivariable analyses, female sex persisted as an important factor in exceeding reperfusion guidelines after adjusting for electrocardiographic characteristics (odds ratio, 1.57; 95%
CI
, 1.15–2.15). Positive voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy and absence of a prehospital
ECG
were positive predictors of reperfusion delay; and
ST
elevation in lateral leads was an inverse predictor of reperfusion delay.

Conclusions

Sex disparities in timeliness to reperfusion in young patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction persisted, despite adjusting for initial electrocardiographic characteristics. Left ventricular hypertrophy by voltage criteria and absence of prehospital
ECG
are strongly positively correlated and
ST
elevation in lateral leads is negatively correlated with reperfusion delay.
Patient and Caregiver Determinants of Patient Quality of Life and Caregiver Strain in Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy
Authors: Bidwell Julie T. , Lyons Karen S. , Mudd James O. , Grady Kathleen L. , Gelow Jill M. , Hiatt Shirin O. , Chien Christopher V. , Lee Christopher S.
Published: March 2018

Background

Although current guidelines emphasize the importance of social support to the success of left ventricular assist device (
LVAD
) therapy, few studies examine the influence of the caregiver on patient outcomes or quantify the impact of
LVAD
caregiving on caregiver outcomes. The purpose of this analysis was to identify patient and caregiver determinants of patient quality of life (
QOL
) and caregiver strain in response to
LVAD
therapy.

Methods and Results

Data on patients receiving LVAD therapy and their caregivers (n=50 dyads) were prospectively collected pre‐implantation and 1, 3, and 6 months post‐implantation. Growth curve modeling was used to describe change in patient
QOL
(Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire) and caregiver strain (Multidimensional Caregiver Strain Index). Patient
QOL
improved most in the first month (β=23.22±3.76,
P
<0.001), followed by gradual gains over 6 months (β=1.90±0.64,
P
<0.01). Caregivers experienced worsening of strain in the first month (β=4.30±1.42,
P
<0.01), followed by gradual resolution to pre‐implantation levels by 6 months (β=−0.71±0.23,
P
<0.01). Worse pre‐implantation patient symptoms were associated with greater improvement in patient
QOL
(β=0.53±0.19,
P
<0.01) but worsening caregiver strain (β=0.15±0.07,
P
=0.04). Better relationship quality was associated with greater improvement in patient
QOL
(β=14.39±5.85,
P
=0.01) and less pre‐implantation caregiver strain (β=−9.31±2.28,
P
<0.001). Nonspousal caregivers experienced less pre‐implantation strain (β=−8.60±3.10,
P
=0.01), and patients with nonspousal caregivers had less improvement in
QOL
(β=−3.70±1.62,
P
=0.02).

Conclusions

A combination of patient and caregiver characteristics predicts patient and caregiver response to
LVAD
therapy. Including caregiver factors in future studies may be helpful in developing interventions that improve patient and caregiver outcomes, together.
Vinogradovopleustes punctatum, new genus, new species, a pleustid amphipod from the Okhotsk Sea (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Pleustidae: Pleusymtinae)
Authors: LABAY VJACHESLAV S.
Published: March 2018

The new genus Vinogradovopleustes gen. nov. and new species V. punctatum sp. nov. are described from the shelf of northern Sakhalin Island. A key to the amphipod genera of the subfamily Pleusymtinae Bousfield & Hendrycks, 1994 is given.