bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Text2Color Networks: Deep Learning Models for Color Generation from Compositional Color Descriptions
Authors: Jyothi Kondalarao , Okade Manish
Published: January 2023

Color serves as an important cue in graphics, arts and in many computer vision applications. We reliably and effortlessly name colors and communicate them with their names. However, many applications such as graphics, color design, palette generation and color selection tools demand numerical values of colors. Predicting and communicating colors by their numerical values is less intuitive and difficult task as it is a mapping of millions of colors for a specific color space. To bridge the gap between linguistic color names and numerical color values, in this paper, we present neural network architectures that predict a point in color space for a given color name. Proposed models provide user interface between colors and names by learning the language semantics and mimic human level comprehension of color descriptions to predict colors and modify them with respect to linguistic adjectives of color names. We consider color prediction as a regression problem and solve it as a language modeling task. Color descriptions are taken as text sequences and each sentence is represented with word-level tokenization. Each token is transformed into a word vector in the latent space using CBOW word embeddings model. Word vectors representing color names are fed as input to neural networks and trained with normalized R, G, B values as supervision information. Trained models are capable of predicting color for a given color name and modify colors for different nouns and adjectives associated with color names. We also built color generation models based on pre-trained word embeddings to overcome the limited availability of large linguistic color name datasets. These pre-trained models perform well with datasets containing few thousand color names. We then present two recommendation engines that suggest similar color palette to user given color name. These recommendation engines enhance the color vocabulary and assist users in the color selection process.
Does SoC Hardware Development Become Agile by Saying So: A Literature Review and Mapping Study
Authors: Rautakoura Antti , Hämäläinen Timo
Published: January 2023

The success of
agile development
methods in software development has raised interest in System-on-Chip (SoC) design, which involves high architectural and development process complexity under time and project management pressure. This article discovers the current state of
agile hardware development
with the questions (1) how well literature covers the SoC development process, (2) what agile methods and practices are applied or (3) what proposals are made to increase the agility, and (4) what is the impact for the SoC community. To answer the questions, a mapping study and literature review were performed. Seven hundred thirty papers were first studied, and eventually, after a rigorous filtering process, 25 papers were thoroughly analyzed. The results show that the popular
agile SW development methods
are applied in 5 cases, ideas adapted from the
agile Hardware manifesto
in 9 cases, and 11 cases do not define the Agile HW development method. Most of the papers address shorter development time by better methodologies and tools that indirectly shape the SoC development toward agility. The focus of
agile hardware development
is mostly on the SoC artifacts and methodological improvements have not been quantified. However, the literature indicates a significant impact on many academic chip prototypes. The challenges are better understood and the interest in agile methods is clearly increasing. The methodological gaps in the prevalent situation encourage further research and more accurate reporting of the development in addition to the SoC artifacts.
Fast and Accurate Framework for Ontology Matching in Web of Things
Authors: Belhadi Asma , Djenouri Youcef , Srivastava Gautam , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei
Published: January 2023

The Web of Things (WoT) can help with knowledge discovery and interoperability issues in many Internet of Things (IoT) applications. This article focuses on semantic modeling of WoT and proposes a new approach called Decomposition for Ontology Matching (DOM) to discover relevant knowledge by exploring correlations between WoT data using decomposition strategies. The DOM technique adopts several decomposition techniques to order highly linked ontologies of WoT data into similar groups. The main idea is to decompose the instances of each ontology into similar groups and then match instances of similar groups instead of entire instances of two ontologies. Three main algorithms for decomposition have been developed. The first algorithm is based on radar scanning, which determines the distribution of distances between each instance and all other instances to determine the cluster centroid. The second algorithm is based on adaptive grid clustering, where it focuses on distribution information and the construction of spanning trees. The third algorithm is based on split index clustering, where instances are divided into groups of cells from which noise is removed during the merging process. Several studies were conducted with different ontology databases to illustrate the use of the DOM technique. The results show that DOM outperforms state-of-the-art ontology matching models in terms of computational cost while maintaining the quality of the matching. Moreover, these results demonstrate that DOM is capable of handling various large datasets in WoT contexts.
Performance Analysis and Optimal Node-aware Communication for Enlarged Conjugate Gradient Methods
Authors: Lockhart Shelby , Bienz Amanda , Gropp William , Olson Luke
Published: January 2023

Krylov methods are a key way of solving large sparse linear systems of equations but suffer from poor strong scalability on distributed memory machines. This is due to high synchronization costs from large numbers of collective communication calls alongside a low computational workload. Enlarged Krylov methods address this issue by decreasing the total iterations to convergence, an artifact of splitting the initial residual and resulting in operations on block vectors. In this article, we present a performance study of an enlarged Krylov method, Enlarged Conjugate Gradients (ECG), noting the impact of block vectors on parallel performance at scale. Most notably, we observe the increased overhead of point-to-point communication as a result of denser messages in the sparse matrix-block vector multiplication kernel. Additionally, we present models to analyze expected performance of ECG, as well as motivate design decisions. Most importantly, we introduce a new point-to-point communication approach based on node-aware communication techniques that increases efficiency of the method at scale.
Non-overlapping High-accuracy Parallel Closure for Compact Schemes: Application in Multiphysics and Complex Geometry
Authors: Sundaram Prasannabalaji , Sengupta Aditi , Suman Vajjala K. , Sengupta Tapan K.
Published: January 2023

Compact schemes are often preferred in performing scientific computing for their superior spectral resolution. Error-free parallelization of a compact scheme is a challenging task due to the requirement of additional closures at the inter-processor boundaries. Here, sources of the error due to sub-domain boundary closures for the compact schemes are analyzed with global spectral analysis. A high-accuracy parallel computing strategy devised in “ A high-accuracy preserving parallel algorithm for compact schemes for DNS. ACM Trans. Parallel Comput. 7, 4, 1-32 (2020)” systematically eliminates error due to parallelization and does not require overlapping points at the sub-domain boundaries. This closure is applicable for any compact scheme and is termed here as non-overlapping high-accuracy parallel (NOHAP) sub-domain boundary closure. In the present work, the advantages of the NOHAP closure are shown with the model convection equation and by solving the compressible Navier–Stokes equation for three-dimensional Rayleigh–Taylor instability simulations involving multiphysics dynamics and high Reynolds number flow past a natural laminar flow airfoil using a body-conforming curvilinear coordinate system. Linear scalability of the NOHAP closure is shown for the large-scale simulations using up to 19,200 processors.
Strategies for Heating Up Cold Tumors to Boost Immunotherapies
Authors: Zabransky Daniel J. , Yarchoan Mark , Jaffee Elizabeth M.
Published: January 2023

Immune checkpoint inhibitors induce significant and durable treatment responses in about 20% of all cancers, but many patients have natural resistance to current immunotherapies. The past decade of technological advances has resulted in large-scale profiling of many cancers and their tumor microenvironments, rapidly expanding our understanding of the mechanisms utilized by tumors to create immune-resistant microenvironments. In this review, we discuss key factors that create immune resistance and emerging concepts that are redefining how we view immune resistance, as well as highlight novel strategies that aim to convert immune-resistant into immune-sensitive tumors.
Immune Cell Metabolism and Immuno-Oncology
Authors: Patel Chirag H. , Powell Jonathan D.
Published: January 2023

With the significant successes of immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cellular therapy, immunotherapy has now become an established treatment option to effectively treat cancer. However, the full potential of this treatment modality has yet to be realized, as there are many additional mechanisms whereby tumors continue to evade immune destruction. To this end, metabolic reprogramming by cancer cells serves not only to promote their own growth but also to create an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. The tumor metabolic microenvironment not only inhibits antitumor effector function but also supports the differentiation and function of suppressive immune cells. In this review, we delineate the major metabolic programs of cancer cells and immune cells. Furthermore, we discuss the role of so-called metabolic checkpoints that promote immune evasion and tumor growth. Finally, we review current and potential future strategies to target metabolism in order to not simply inhibit tumor growth but also enhance antitumor immune responses. Such strategies have the great potential to enhance the breadth and depth of immunotherapy for cancer by targeting metabolic checkpoints.
Language Across the Disciplines
Authors: Charity Hudley Anne H. , Clemons Aris M. , Villarreal Dan
Published: January 2023

This article reviews the study of language across disciplines. We focus on epistemological and methodological frameworks in the study of language broadly within linguistics departments and across disciplinary areas that concentrates on the organizational structure across departments, degree programs, organizations, and professions. We then emphasize emerging transdisciplinary trends in the study of language and communication. We highlight pressing research required to recenter humans and the human communicative experience. We use examples from lexical and morphological investigations to illustrate the complexity and relevance of the study of language across areas and paradigms.
The Recurrent-Specific Regulation Network of Prognostic Stemness-Related Signatures in Low-Grade Glioma
Authors: Li Jin , Zhou Meng , Huang Dan , Lin Ruoyi , Cui Xiaomei , Chen Shaofeng , Yao Ying , Xian Shuyuan , Wang Siqiao , Fu Qing , Zhu Jiwen , Yue Xi , Huang Runzhi , Qi Enbo , Huang Zongqiang
Published: January 2023

Gliomas including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, mixed oligoastrocytic, and mixed glioneuronal tumors are an important group of brain tumors. Based on the 2016 WHO classification for tumors in the central nervous system, gliomas were classified into four grades, from I to IV, and brain lower grade glioma (LGG) consists of grade II and grade III. Patients with LGG may undergo recurrence, which makes clinical treatment tough. Stem cell-like features of cancer cells play a key role in tumor’s biological behaviors, including tumorigenesis, development, and clinical prognosis. In this article, we quantified the stemness feature of cancer cells using the mRNA stemness index (mRNAsi) and identified stemness-related key genes based on correlation with mRNAsi. Besides, hallmark gene sets and translate factors (TFs) which were highly related to stemness-related key genes were identified. Therefore, a recurrency-specific network was constructed and a potential regulation pathway was identified. Several online databases, assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), single-cell sequencing analysis, and immunohistochemistry were utilized to validate the scientific hypothesis. Finally, we proposed that aurora kinase A (AURKA), positively regulated by Non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit G (NCAPG), promoted E2F target pathway in LGG, which played an important role in LGG recurrence.
Robustness and Explainability of Image Classification Based on QCNN
Authors: Chen Guoming , Long Shun , Yuan Zeduo , Li Wanyi , Peng Junfeng
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we propose a multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) feature extraction method based on a novel quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN) for binary scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) image classification. We design QCNN quantum circuits for state preparation, quantum convolution, and quantum pooling in the TensorFlow quantum framework and compare the performance of QCNN classifier and two hybrid quantum-classical QCNN models. Adversarial attacks are considered as a type of interpretable method to evaluate the robustness of QCNN models. The similarity between the pixels of image bitplane slicing and Ising phase transition opens up new ways for exploring classification performance enhancement by QCNN classifiers. Classification performance of different bitplanes of QCNN also shows that they can robustly resist adversarial attacks such as FGSM, CW, JSMA, and DEEPFOOL.
Single Cone Obturation versus Cold Lateral Compaction Techniques with Bioceramic and Resin Sealers: Quality of Obturation and Push-Out Bond Strength
Authors: Nouroloyouni Ahmad , Samadi Vahid , Salem Milani Amin , Noorolouny Sara , Valizadeh-Haghi Haleh
Published: January 2023

Objectives. This study compared the obturation quality and push-out bond strength of single cone obturation (SCO) and cold lateral compaction (CLC) with AH-Plus and Sure Seal Root (SSR). Materials and Methods. This in vitro experimental study was conducted on 88 single-rootedsingle-canal teeth with straight roots that were randomly divided into four groups (n = 22). All teeth were decoronated and underwent cleaning and shaping. Obturation was performed with AH-Plus and SCO technique in group 1 (SAH), AH-Plus and CLC technique in group 2 (LAH), SSR and SCO technique in group 3 (SS), and SSR and CLC technique in group 4 (LS). The roots were then sectioned into 3-mm thick slices and underwent digital photography at x25 magnification to assess the quality of obturation in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds by Image J software. The PBS was measured by a universal testing machine. The mode of failure was also determined under a stereomicroscope. Results. The PBS was significantly higher in the LSS group than LAH and SAH groups, and also in the SSS group than the SAH group in all sections. The PBS in the LSS group was significantly higher than SSS in the coronal and middle thirds. Voids were significantly lower in LAH than in the SAH group in all sections. In LSS, voids in the coronal third were significantly lower than in LAH. In the middle third, voids in SSS were significantly lower than in SAH. The groups had no significant difference in the mode of failure (

P

 > 0.05). The mean percentage of gutta-percha in the use of AH-Plus sealer was significantly higher than SSR (

P

 < 0.05). The mean percentage of gutta-percha in the coronal third was lower than that in the middle and apical thirds (

P

 < 0.05). Conclusion. SSR showed higher PBS and less voids than AH-Plus. High PBS of the CLC/SSR group showed that CLC should still be preferred to SCO, and in the case of using SCO, SSR should be preferred to AH-Plus.
PLEKHA4 Is a Prognostic Biomarker and Correlated with Immune Infiltrates in Glioma
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Liu , Bian Piao-Piao , Luo Qiu-Ping , Xiong Zhong-Tang
Published: January 2023

Objective. Gliomas are the most common and life‐threatening intracranial tumors. Immune infiltration of the tumor microenvironment significantly affects tumor prognosis in glioma. Recently, PLEKHA4 was reported to be upregulated in melanoma and closely associated with tumor genesis and development, but its role in glioma is poorly understood. Our aim was to investigate the expression, functional role, and prognostic value of PLEKHA4 in glioma. Methods. The expression levels of PLEKHA4 in 33 types of cancer in the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database were collected via the UCSC Xena browser. The clinical samples of glioma patients were downloaded from the TCGA database. Immunohistochemistry was used to verify PLEKHA4 expression in tumor tissues. We assessed the influence of PLEKHA4 on survival of glioma patients by survival module and GEPIA. Then, we downloaded datasets of glioma from TCGA and investigated the correlations between the clinical characteristics and PLEKHA4 expression using logistic regression. Moreover, we used TIMER to explore the collection of PLEKHA4 expression and immune infiltration level in glioma and to analyze cumulative survival in glioma. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed using the TCGA dataset. Results. PLEKHA4 transcript levels were significantly upregulated in multiple cancer types, including gliomas. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis verified that PLEKHA4 was overexpressed in gliomas compare to the corresponding normal tissues. Univariable survival and multivariate cox analysis show that increased PLEKHA4 expression significantly correlated with age, tumor grade, IDH mutation status, and 1p/19q codel status, and higher PLEKHA4 had shorter OS, DSS, and PFI. Specifically, PLEKHA4 expression level had significant positive correlations with infiltrating levels of B cell, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and DCs in glioma, and upregulation of PLEKHA4 expression was significantly related to immune cell biomarkers and immune checkpoint expression in glioma. In addition, several GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) items associated with immune response, JAK STAT signal pathway, and cell cycle were significantly enriched in the high PLEKHA4 expression phenotype pathway. Conclusions. Our findings proposed that PLEKHA4 was an independent prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltrates in glioma, and targeting PLEKHA4 might improve immunotherapy in glioma. Of course, these findings also need basic experiments and further clinical trials to confirm in the future.
An Auction-Based Bid Prediction Mechanism for Fog-Cloud Offloading Using Q-Learning
Authors: Besharati Reza , Rezvani Mohammad Hossein , Gilanian Sadeghi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: January 2023

In the fog computing paradigm, if the computing resources of an end device are insufficient, the user’s tasks can be offloaded to nearby devices or the central cloud. In addition, due to the limited energy of mobile devices, optimal offloading is crucial. The method presented in this paper is based on the auction theory, which has been used in recent studies to optimize computation offloading. We propose a bid prediction mechanism using Q-learning. Nodes participating in the auction announce a bid value to the auctioneer entity, and the node with the highest bid value is the auction winner. Then, only the winning node has the right to offload the tasks on its upstream (parent) node. The main idea behind Q-learning is that it is stateless and only considers the current state to perform an action. The evaluation results show that the bid values predicted by the Q-learning method are near-optimal. On average, the proposed method consumes less energy than traditional and state-of-the-art techniques. Also, it reduces the execution time of tasks and leads to less consumption of network resources.
Bifurcation and Chaos of a Nonlinear Discrete-Time Predator-Prey Model Involving the Nonlinear Allee Effect
Authors: Song Ning
Published: January 2023

The complex dynamics of a nonlinear discretized predator-prey model with the nonlinear Allee effect in prey and both populations are investigated. First, the rigorous results are derived from the existence and stability of the fixed points of the model. Second, we establish a model with the Allee effect in prey undergoing codimension-one bifurcations (flip bifurcation and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation) and codimension-two bifurcation associated with 1 : 2 strong resonance by using center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory, and the direction of bifurcations is also evaluated. In particular, chaos in the sense of Marotto is proved at some certain conditions. Third, numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results and other complex dynamical behaviors, such as the period-3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 30, and 43 orbits, attracting invariant cycles, coexisting chaotic sets, and so forth. Of most interest is the finding of coexisting attractors and multistability. Moreover, a moderate Allee effect in predators can stabilize the dynamical behavior. Finally, the hybrid feedback control strategy is implemented to stabilize chaotic orbits existing in the model.
Laboratory Investigation of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures Containing Cyclogen and Vacuum Bottom Rejuvenators
Authors: Ziari Hassan , Mojaradi Barat , Saadatjoo Seyed Amir , Amini Amir , Najafi Moghaddam Gilani Vahid , Hosseinian Seyed Mohsen
Published: January 2023

The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to create recycled asphalt mixture is attracting great interest because of landfill space decrease and natural resources saving. Also, incorporating rejuvenators is an effective method to promote the utilization of RAP materials in hot mix asphalt (HMA) production. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cyclogen and vacuum bottom (VB) rejuvenators on the performance of RAP mixtures against moisture sensitivity, rutting resistance, and tensile strength. In this regard, mixtures were constructed with different RAP contents (0, 35, and 70% by asphalt mix weight) and virgin aggregates. Furthermore, three contents of Cyclogen (0, 5, and 10%) and VB (0, 15, and 30%) by the weight of RAP binder were used. The laboratory test results revealed that RAP materials enhanced the indirect tensile strength, rutting resistance, and moisture sensitivity of asphalt samples. Moreover, increasing RAP content improved the rutting resistance and permanent deformations of asphalt samples. The addition of RAP also enhanced the resilient modulus and tensile strength of asphalt samples; this increase was subject to RAP content applied. Furthermore, the effect of rejuvenators on the performance characteristics of RAP mixtures showed that adding VB and Cyclogen decreased tensile strength, resilient modulus, and strain creep and increased the moisture sensitivity of RAP mixtures.
Predictors of Distant Metastasis and Prognosis in Newly Diagnosed T1 Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Guo Kaibo , Lou Yidan , Zheng Song
Published: January 2023

Background. According to American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th staging system, T1 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (T1 ICC) is considered a tumor with no vascular invasion. However, T1 ICC usually occurs distant metastasis (DM), and the clinical features of these patients could help clinicians identify the high‐risk population. Methods. We reviewed 1959 newly diagnosed patients with T1 ICC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database during 2004–2018. Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to predict the risk of DM and overall survival (OS), respectively, and then, web‐based nomograms were constructed. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curves (CIC) were used to measure the clinical utility of the models. The low‐, medium‐, and high‐risk groups were identified by calculating the summary of the risk points. Nomograms on the web were also created to help clinicians better use these prediction models. Results. Tumor size and lymph node metastasis accounted for the first two largest proportions among the DM nomogram scores, while surgery, DM, age at diagnosis, chemotherapy, and lymph node metastasis occupied the largest percentage in OS nomogram. DM nomogram was established for these newly diagnosed patients with T1 ICC, and OS nomogram was developed to visually predict the OS rate of 3, 5, and 10 years. The calibration curves revealed a valid predictive accuracy of nomograms, of which the C‐index was 0.703 and 0.740, respectively, for good discrimination. DCAs, CICs, and risk subgroups showed the clinical validity of these nomograms. Two websites were created to make it easier to use these nomograms. Conclusions. Novel web‐based nomograms predicting the risk of DM and OS for T1 ICC were constructed. These predictive tools might help clinicians make precise clinical strategies for each patient with T1 ICC.
Effects of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes PTGIS and HRASLS on Phenotype, Prognosis, and Tumor Immunity in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lei Kai , Liang Ruihao , Tan Binghua , Li Lin , Lyu Yingcheng , Wang Kexi , Wang Wenjian , Wang Kefeng , Hu Xueting , Wu Duoguang , Lin Huayue , Wang Minghui
Published: January 2023

Background. Lipid metabolism reprogramming played an important role in cancer occurrence, development, and immune regulation. The aim of this study was to identify and validate lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) associated with the phenotype, prognosis, and immunological characteristics of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Methods. In the TCGA cohort, bioinformatics and survival analysis were used to identify lipid metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the prognosis of LUSC. PTGIS/HRASLS knockdown and overexpression effects on the LUSC phenotype were analyzed in vitro experiments. Based on the expression distribution of PTGIS/HRASLS, LUSC patients were divided into two clusters by consensus clustering. Clinical information, prognosis, immune infiltration, expression of immune checkpoints, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) level were compared between the TCGA and GSE4573 cohorts. The genes related to clustering and tumor immunity were screened by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the target module genes were analyzed by functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and immune correlation analysis. Results. 191 lipid metabolism-related DEGs were identified, of which 5 genes were independent prognostic genes of LUSC. PTGIS/HRASLS were most closely related to LUSC prognosis and immunity. RT-qPCR, western blot (WB) analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that the expression of PTGIS was low in LUSC, while HRASLS was high. Functionally, PTGIS promoted LUSC proliferation, migration, and invasion, while HRASLS inhibited LUSC proliferation, migration, and invasion. The two clusters’ expression and distribution of PTGIS/HRASLS had the opposite trend. Cluster 1 was associated with lower pathological staging (pT, pN, and pTNM stages), better prognosis, stronger immune infiltration, higher expression of immune checkpoints, and higher TMB level than cluster 2. WGCNA found that 28 genes including CD4 and IL10RA were related to the expression of PTGIS/HRASLS and tumor immune infiltration. PTGIS/HRASLS in the GSE4573 cohort had the same effect on LUSC prognosis and tumor immunity as the TCGA cohort. Conclusions. PTGIS and HRASLS can be used as new therapeutic targets for LUSC as well as biomarkers for prognosis and tumor immunity, which has positive significance for guiding the immunotherapy of LUSC.
A Comprehensive Review with Future Prospects on the Medicinal Properties and Biological Activities of Curcuma caesia Roxb.
Authors: Ibrahim Nurul Najiha Ain , Wan Mustapha Wan Aida , Sofian-Seng Noor-Soffalina , Lim Seng Joe , Mohd Razali Noorul Syuhada , Teh Arnida Hani , Rahman Hafeedza Abdul , Mediani Ahmed
Published: January 2023

Plants are the primary source of the food chain and are rich in nutrients and biochemical compounds that mainly give beneficial effects to humans as well as other living organisms. Curcuma caesia Roxb. is a family member of Zingiberaceae commonly known as black turmeric. The leaves and rhizomes of this plant are extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine and as traditional remedies for various ailments. The aromatic rhizomes and leaves are due to the presence of essential oils reported as camphor, ar‐turmerone, (Z)‐β‐ocimene, ar‐curcumene, 1,8‐cineole, β‐elemene, borneol, bornyl acetate, tropolone, ledol, β‐elemenone, and α‐bulnesene. Previous research studies have revealed most of the biological activities of C. caesia, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti‐inflammatory properties, which are due to the presence of various bioactive components. The diverse chemical composition contained in this plant contributes to various biological activities, which may be beneficial for the health, food, and cosmetic industries. The purpose of this review was to summarise updated research on the in vitro and in vivo activities of C. caesia as well as the current clinical investigations. A compilation of the latest findings regarding the potential activities of C. caesia and mechanisms related to its health benefits is discussed and reviewed. This valuable information is the key that can be used for the development of drugs, functional food ingredients, and food products.
Assessing Perceptions and Adaptation Responses to Climate Change among Small-Scale Fishery on the Northern Coastal of Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Mulyasari Gita , Trisusilo Agung , Windirah Nola , Djarot Ira Nurhayati , Putra Agusta Samodra
Published: January 2023

Small-scale fisheries are facing significant challenges from climate change. Fishers feel the impact of climate change, which forces them to adapt. We, therefore, analyzed local climatic changes, fishers’ perceptions regarding climate change and its impacts, adaptation responses, and determinants. Three decades of meteorological data were analyzed (1985–2020). A total of 300 fishermen were selected using quota sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the descriptive and binary logit regression models to explain the determinants of adaptation responses. The findings indicate that fishers’ perceptions of climatic changes align with historical climatic data. Typologies of adaptation responses used in the study showed that time fishing adjustment was the most widely used adaptation option by fishermen. For this reason, fishermen are very active in looking for information about climate change to help them find the right time to go to sea and reduce the risk of climate change. Analysis using the binary logit regression model showed that fishing income, boat power, and climate change perceptions were the significant (

p
<
0.1

) factors significantly influencing adaptation responses. Therefore, to strengthen the adaptation responses in small-scale fisheries, fishers’ perceptions should be considered.
La relación entre Estado y mercado
Authors: Atzeni Mauricio
Published: January 2023

Los tentativos del actual Gobierno de Chile de introducir cambios en el sistema de jubilaciones, en la administración de los seguros de salud o en el ámbito de la regulación del trabajo, como el caso del proyecto de ley para la reducción gradual de las horas de trabajo semanal, son normalmente recibidos con un cierto grado de escepticismo en la prensa especializada. Continuar leyendo...
Targeting Microglial Metabolic Rewiring Synergizes with Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Therapy for Glioblastoma
Authors: Ye Zengpanpan , Ai Xiaolin , Yang Kailin , Yang Zhengnan , Fei Fan , Liao Xiaoling , Qiu Zhixin , Gimple Ryan C. , Yuan Huairui , Huang Hao , Gong Yanqiu , Xiao Chaoxin , Yue Jing , Huang Liang , Saulnier Olivier , Wang Wei , Zhang Peidong , Dai Lunzhi , Wang Xin , Wang Xiuxing , Ahn Young Ha , You Chao , Xu Jianguo , Wan Xiaoxiao , Taylor Michael D. , Zhao Linjie , Rich Jeremy N. , Zhou Shengtao
Published: January 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) constitutes the most lethal primary brain tumor for which immunotherapy has provided limited benefit. The unique brain immune landscape is reflected in a complex tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in GBM. Here, single-cell sequencing of the GBM TIME revealed that microglia were under severe oxidative stress, which induced nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2)–dependent transcriptional activity in microglia. Heterozygous Nr4a2 (Nr4a2+/−) or CX3CR1+ myeloid cell–specific Nr4a2 (Nr4a2fl/flCx3cr1Cre) genetic targeting reshaped microglia plasticity in vivo by reducing alternatively activated microglia and enhancing antigen presentation capacity for CD8+ T cells in GBM. In microglia, NR4A2 activated squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) to dysregulate cholesterol homeostasis. Pharmacologic NR4A2 inhibition attenuated the protumorigenic TIME, and targeting the NR4A2 or SQLE enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of immune-checkpoint blockade in vivo. Collectively, oxidative stress promotes tumor growth through NR4A2–SQLE activity in microglia, informing novel immune therapy paradigms in brain cancer.

Significance:

Metabolic reprogramming of microglia in GBM informs synergistic vulnerabilities for immune-checkpoint blockade therapy in this immunologically cold brain tumor.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 799
A Multicenter Prospective Validation Study on Selective Endoscopic Resection of Sessile Serrated Lesions Using Magnifying Colonoscopy in Clinical Practice
Authors: Hirata Daizen , Kashida Hiroshi , Matsumoto Tsuguhiro , Ebisutani Chikara , Teramoto Akira , Iwatate Mineo , Hattori Santa , Fujita Mikio , Sano Wataru , Komeda Yoriaki , Sano Yasushi , Murakami Yoshitaka , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) have malignant potential for colorectal cancer in the serrated pathway. Selective endoscopic resection of SSLs would reduce medical costs and procedure-related accidents, but the accurate endoscopic differentiation of SSLs from hyperplastic polyps (HPs) is challenging. To explore the differential diagnostic performance of magnifying colonoscopy in distinguishing SSLs from HPs, we conducted a multicenter prospective validation study in clinical practice. Methods: Considering the rarity of diminutive SSLs, all lesions ≥6 mm that were detected during colonoscopy and diagnosed as type 1 based on the Japan narrow-band imaging expert team (JNET) classification were included in this study. Twenty expert endoscopists were asked to differentiate between SSLs and HPs with high or low confidence level after conventional and magnifying NBI observation. To examine the validity of selective endoscopic resection of SSLs using magnifying colonoscopy in clinical practice, we calculated the sensitivity of endoscopic diagnosis of SSLs with histopathological findings as comparable reference. Results: A total of 217 JNET type 1 lesions from 162 patients were analyzed, and 114 lesions were diagnosed with high confidence. The sensitivity of magnifying colonoscopy in detecting SSLs was 79.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 74.7–84.4%) overall, and 82.4% (95% CI: 76.1–87.7%) in the high-confidence group. These results showed that the sensitivity of this study was not high enough, even limited in the high-confidence group. Conclusions: Accurate differential diagnosis of SSLs and HPs using magnifying colonoscopy was challenging even for experts. JNET type 1 lesions ≥6 mm are recommended to be resected because selective endoscopic resection has a disadvantage of leaving approximately 20% of SSLs on site.
Self-Assessment of Addiction Medicine Core Competencies in Four Year Groups of Psychiatrists in Training: Efficacy of the Addiction Medicine Training Needs Assessment Scale in a Local Training Context
Authors: Pinxten W.J. Lucas , Jokūbonis Darius , Adomaitiene Virginija , Leskauskas Darius , Hutschemaekers Giel J.M. , De Jong Cornelis A.J.
Published: January 2023

Background: In addiction medicine training, self-assessment is increasingly used to support self-regulation learning by identifying standards of excellence, competence gaps, and training needs. To ensure psychiatrists in Lithuania also develop specific addiction competencies, the Lithuanian Health Sciences University faculty in Kaunas developed an addiction psychiatry curriculum. Objectives: The aim of this research is to explore the efficacy of the AM-TNA scale to measure individual and group differences in proficiency in the core competencies of addiction medicine. A cross-sectional study and a convenience sample were used. Method: We studied the differences in performance in addiction medicine competencies between 4 successive year groups and analysed the variance to determine the statistical differences between the means of 4 year groups with biases, resulting from repeated measurement statistically corrected-for. Results: Of the psychiatrists in training, 41% or 59% completed the scale. The assessment of competencies suggested that all but 2 competencies differ significantly (p < 0.05) between the 4 groups. The post hoc analyses indicated that mean scores for 24 of the 30 core competencies differed significantly between the year groups (p < 0.05) and showed a gradual increase in scores of self-assessed competencies over the 4 year groups. We found adequate scale variance and a gradual increase in self-assessed competencies between the 4 year groups, suggesting a positive association between the results of incremental professional training and improved self-assessed substance use disorders (SUD) competency scores. Conclusions: This study illustrates the efficacy of the AM-TNA scale as an assessment instrument in a local training context. Future research should aim to have larger sample sizes, be longitudinal in design, assess individual progress, and focus on comparing and combining self-reported competencies with validated objective external assessment and feedback.
Examination on Factors Affecting Symptom Change after Drug Withdrawal in Patients with Mild Erosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Undergoing Symptom-Controlled Maintenance Therapy with Acid-Secretion Inhibition Drugs
Authors: Tanaka Hironori , Takeuchi Toshihisa , Nishida Shinya , Hongo Hitosi , Takii Michiaki , Higashino Takeshi , Sanomura Makoto , Miyazaki Hirota , Hoshimoto Masahiro , Kimura Tsuguhiro , Sakaguchi Masahiro , Abe Takashi , Hakoda Akitoshi , Sugawara Noriaki , Iwatsubo Taro , Kawaguchi Shinpei , Ota Kazuhiro , Kojima Yuichi , Higuchi Kazuhide
Published: January 2023

Introduction: In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) on maintenance therapy with acid-suppressive drugs, it is not clear what background factors allow patients to discontinue the drugs. The aims of this study were to examine the relationship of the changes in the frequency and severity of gastrointestinal symptoms after discontinuation of acid-secretion inhibitors for erosive GERD (eGERD) with possible patient background factors and to identify factors that influence these changes. Methods: This is a multicenter, open-label, interventional, exploratory study. eGERD patients with mild mucosal injury whose symptoms were under control and who were on maintenance therapy with acid-suppressive drugs were withdrawn from the drug treatment for 4 weeks. We examined the relationship of patient backgrounds (sex, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking habits), esophageal hiatal hernia, Helicobacter pylori infection, pepsinogen I and II concentrations and I/II ratios, blood gastrin levels before and after drug discontinuation with total score change in Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD (FSSG). Results: Of the 92 patients whose symptoms could be assessed before and after drug withdrawal, 66 patients (71.7% of the total) had FSSG <8 and no symptom relapse after the withdrawal. Furthermore, patient background factors that may be related to symptom relapse/non-relapse were examined, but no related factors were detected. The maintenance medications before discontinuation in the above 92 patients were a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and vonoprazan (VPZ, a potassium ion competitive acid blocker). Since PPI and VPZ were administered to about the same number of patients, though incidentally, we additionally examined the relationship between patient background factors and symptom relapse/non-relapse by treatment group. As a result, no relevant background factors were detected in both groups. Although there were no significant differences between the two groups, the severity and frequency of symptom recurrence in the VPZ group tended to be higher than in the PPI group. Conclusions: Consideration of background factors is unlikely to be required in the discontinuation of maintenance therapy for eGERD. There was no significant difference in the extent of disease or frequency of recurrence during the discontinuation period, regardless of whether the drug before discontinuation was a PPI or VPZ.
Clinical Study on Gonococcal Infection of the Penile Raphe
Authors: Fan Wenge , Zhang Qingsong , Wei Mei , Fan Zhijiang , Jiang Tingwang
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Gonococcal infection of the penile raphe is rarely encountered in the clinical setting. The study aimed to understand the incidence, sites, clinical manifestations, and treatment of gonococcal infection of the penile raphe. Methods: We enrolled men with gonococcal infection of the penile raphe and men with urethral gonorrhea from January 2010 to December 2021. All patients’ demographic data and clinical characteristics were recorded. All patients were treated with ceftriaxone. Incision and drainage were performed in patients with non-ruptured abscesses. Nodules and sinus tract-like lesions that did not resolve after 1 month of treatment were excised. Results: Among 2,736 men who presented with urethral gonorrhea from January 2010 to December 2021, 5 (0.18%) had accompanying gonococcal infection of the penile raphe. An additional two men presented with gonococcal infection of the penile raphe without urethritis. Thus, 7 (0.26%; confidence interval, 0.11–0.56%) of 2,738 men had urethral gonorrhea or gonococcal infection of the penile raphe confirmed both clinically and by laboratory testing. Lesions were present in the frenulum of the prepuce and at the median aspect, proximal end, distal end, and both the proximal and distal ends of the penile raphe. The lesions manifested as abscesses, ulcers, a nodule, and a nodule with a sinus-like lesion. All lesions exhibited tenderness. All seven patients were cured after treatment. Conclusion: Gonococcal infection of the penile raphe is a rare, atypical type of involvement of the male urogenital tract by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It may be a local complication of urethral gonorrhea or an independent primary infection. The proximal end, distal end, and median aspect of the penile raphe can be infected by N. gonorrhoeae. Cutaneous lesions present as abscesses, ulcers, nodules, and sinus-like lesions. Ceftriaxone is effective, but sinus-like lesions require surgery.
Neumonitis química por inhalación de humos de óxido de zinc en un soldador de arco
Authors: Cha Eun-Woo , Jeon Doosoo , Kang Dongmug , Kim Young-Ki , Kim Se-Yeong
Published: January 2023

La enfermedad respiratoria aguda causada por la exposición a humos de óxido de zinc generados en el proceso de soldadura se conoce como fiebre por humos metálicos (MFF). La MFF suele ser una enfermedad autolimitada, y hay pocos reportes de neumonitis química asociada con la inhalación de humos de zinc. Reportamos un estudio de caso con episodios graves de MFF acompañados de neumonitis química debida a la inhalación de humos de óxido de zinc por la operación de una soldadora de arco. Un hombre de 54 años desarrolló síntomas gripales tras soldar acero galvanizado por arco en una zona mal ventilada. A pesar de la terapia antibiótica intravenosa, el curso clínico empeoró, y la concentración de zinc en la orina fue notablemente elevada (3579 μG/24 h; intervalo de referencia, 0–616 μG/24 h). La tomografía computarizada torácica reveló extensa consolidación, opacidad con aspecto de vidrio esmerilado en los pulmones y derrame pleural derecho. Tras el tratamiento con corticosteroides, los síntomas y los hallazgos radiológicos del paciente mejoraron significativamente. Debe tenerse en cuenta que la inhalación de humos de óxido de zinc puede inducir ocasionalmente lesiones pulmonares agudas mediadas por la respuesta inflamatoria y el estrés oxidativo.
Associated Factors with Breast Nurses Unplanned Interventions in Patients Treated for an Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Vion Roman , Fleury Patricia , Blazejewski Valérie , Rigal Olivier , Fontanilles Maxime , Lequesne Justine , Di Fiore Frederic , Clatot Florian
Published: January 2023

Background: The presence of a breast nurse is recommended to advise and guide early breast cancer patients before and during chemotherapy/radiation therapy, and at the end of planned treatments. Nevertheless, some patients will need extra guidance. Little is known about the predisposing factors for additional requests. Aim and Objective: Determine time, reasons, and risk factors for breast nurse unplanned solicitations. Design and Methods: This monocentric retrospective study included all early breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy during 1 year. Unplanned solicitations (in person, by phone, or by e-mail) were recorded in the medical file. They were extracted and stratified in four categories: treatment adverse events, medical condition, psychological support, and counselling. Results: 368 unplanned solicitations were observed for 265 patients, 140 patients (52.8%) asked for at least one unplanned solicitation and 57 (21.5%) asked for at least three. There was no significant difference between the four categories. Most of unplanned solicitations occurred significantly during chemotherapy, essentially after first docetaxel infusion (57% of calls). In univariate and multivariate analyses, anxiolytic treatment was significantly associated with more unplanned solicitations (OR = 2, p = 0.02), while a personal breast cancer history was associated with fewer unplanned solicitations (OR = 0.49, p = 0.05). Conclusion: Breast nurse unplanned solicitations during adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy in early breast cancers are frequent. Even if patients with anxiolytic treatment have a slightly higher risk of solicitation, no typical profile of a patient who will need extra support exists. Because of its known toxicity, the first cycle of docetaxel is associated with a clear increase in solicitations. Despite physicians’ consultations, breast nurses guidance, and leaflets on supportive care and treatments side effects, optimal patient management during early breast cancer remains challenging. Further randomized studies testing more customized tools are required to improve patient support.