bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The psychosocial impact of lymphedema‐related distress among breast cancer survivors in the WHEL Study
Authors: Dominick Sally A. , Natarajan Loki , Pierce John P. , Madanat Hala , Madlensky Lisa
Published: February 2014

Objective

Lymphedema is a distressing and chronic condition affecting up to 30% of breast cancer survivors. Using a cross‐sectional study design, we examined the impact of self‐reported lymphedema‐related distress on psychosocial functioning among breast cancer survivors in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study. The Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study has a dataset that includes self‐report data on lymphedema status, symptoms, and distress.

Methods

Chi‐square tests and binary logistic regression models were used to examine how specific participant characteristics, including lymphedema‐related distress, were associated with physical health and mental health as measured by the SF‐36‐Item Health Survey and depressive symptoms assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale screening form.

Results

Of the 2431 participants included in the current study population, 692 (28.5%) self‐reported ever having lymphedema. A total of 335 (48.9%) women reported moderate to extreme distress as a result of their lymphedema and were classified as having lymphedema‐related distress. The logistic regression models showed that women with lymphedema‐related distress had 50% higher odds of reporting poor physical health (p = 0.01) and 73% higher odds of having poor mental health (p < 0.01) when compared with women without lymphedema. In contrast, even though lymphedema‐related distress was significantly associated (p = 0.03) with elevated depressive symptoms in the bivariate analyses, it was not significant in the logistic regression models.

Conclusion

Breast cancer survivors with lymphedema‐related distress had worse physical health and mental health outcomes than women with lymphedema who were not distressed and women with no lymphedema. Our findings provide further evidence of the relationship between lymphedema and psychosocial outcomes in breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chain‐like structures of gold supported by silicon substrate
Authors: Mukherjee Prajna , Gupta Bikash C. , Jena Puru
Published: February 2014

A systematic study based on density functional theory is carried out to investigate the formation of atomic gold chain structures on patterned hydrogen‐terminated Si(001):21 surfaces. The formation of the chain structures is shown to depend on the surface pattern and the gold coverage. Some of the chain structures are semi‐metallic in nature and thus may be used as interconnects in circuit devices.
Insulating gallium oxide layer produced by thermal oxidation of gallium‐polar GaN
Authors: Hossain T. , Wei D. , Nepal N. , Garces N. Y. , Hite J. K. , Meyer H. M. , Eddy C. R. , Baker Troy , Mayo Ashley , Schmitt Jason , Edgar J. H.
Published: February 2014

The benefits of dry oxidation of n ‐GaN for the fabrication of metal‐oxide‐semiconductor structures are reported. GaN thin films grown on sapphire by MOCVD were thermally oxidized for 30, 45 and 60 minutes in a pure oxygen atmosphere at 850 °C to produce thin, smooth GaOx layers. The GaN sample oxidized for 30 minutes had the best properties. Its surface roughness (0.595 nm) as measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) was the lowest. Capacitance‐voltage measurements showed it had the best saturation in accumulation region and the sharpest transition from accumulation to depletion regions. Under gate voltage sweep, capacitance‐voltage hysteresis was completely absent. The interface trap density was minimum (Dit = 2.75×1010 cm–2eV–1) for sample oxidized for 30 mins. These results demonstrate a high quality GaOx layer is beneficial for GaN MOSFETs. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ferroelectric domain structure of NaNbO3 epitaxial thin films grown on (110) DyScO3 substrates
Authors: Schmidbauer Martin , Sellmann Jan , Braun Dorothee , Kwasniewski Albert , Duk Andreas , Schwarzkopf Jutta
Published: February 2014

magnified image

Thin films of NaNbO3 have been grown under anisotropic tensile strain on orthorhombic (110) DyScO3 (DSO) substrates. Ferroelectric domain formation starts at about 6 nm film thickness and a periodic one‐dimensional pattern of type a1/a2/a1/a2 is formed with exclusive in‐plane electric polarization and individual domains aligned along the [001]DSO direction. With the onset of plastic strain relaxation at about 27 nm film thickness the one‐dimensional domain pattern transforms into a two‐dimensional array with domains aligned also along the $[1\bar 10]_{\rm DSO} $ direction and an additional out‐of‐plane component of the electrical polarization. With increasing film thickness the pseudocubic NaNbO3 unit cells exhibit an in‐plane monoclinic distortion which is very small for thin films and approaches the bulk value of 0.67° at film thicknesses larger than 130 nm. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Do Market‐Supporting Institutional Characteristics Explain Firm Performance? Evidence from Emerging Markets
Authors: Elango B. , Lahiri Somnath
Published: February 2014

The importance of market‐supporting institutions and their impact on business investment and economic growth has gained the attention of researchers and practitioners alike. In this study, we extend this research by capturing the impact of the quality of regulative institutional characteristics on firm performance in an emerging market context. We use a sample of 26,493 emerging market firms from 91 countries over the years 2003 to 2010 and test for the relationship between government effectiveness, regulatory quality, rule of law and control of corruption, and firm performance. Results indicate that governmental effectiveness and regulatory quality impact performance outcomes positively, while rule of law impacts performance negatively. These findings provide important insights and encourage managers and public policymakers to be cognizant of the impact of these factors and adapt accordingly. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Periodic approximations of the ergodic constants in the stochastic homogenization of nonlinear second-order (degenerate) equations
Authors: Cardaliaguet Pierre , Souganidis Panagiotis E.
Published: February 2014

We prove that the effective nonlinearities (ergodic constants) obtained in the stochastic homogenization of Hamilton–Jacobi, “viscous” Hamilton–Jacobi and nonlinear uniformly elliptic pde are approximated by the analogous quantities of appropriate “periodizations” of the equations. We also obtain an error estimate, when there is a rate of convergence for the stochastic homogenization.
Membrane‐bound delta‐like 1 homolog (Dlk1) promotes while soluble Dlk1 inhibits myogenesis in C2C12 cells
Authors: Shin Sangsu , Suh Yeunsu , Zerby Henry N. , Lee Kichoon
Published: February 2014

Delta‐like 1 homolog (Dlk1) is important in myogenesis. However, the roles of different Dlk1 isoforms have not been investigated. In C2C12 cell lines producing different Dlk1 isoforms, membrane‐bound Dlk1 promoted the hypertrophic phenotype and a higher fusion rate, whereas soluble Dlk1 inhibited myotube formation. Inversed expression patterns of genes related to myogenic differentiation further support these phenotypic changes. In addition, temporal expression and balance between the Dlk1 isoforms have a regulatory role in myogenesis in vivo. Collectively, Dlk1 isoforms have distinctive effects on myogenesis, and its regulation during myogenesis is critical for normal muscle development.
The Role of Growth Options in Explaining Stock Returns
Authors: Trigeorgis Lenos , Lambertides Neophytos
Published: February 2014

We extend the Fama-French (1992) model by considering growth option (as well as distress/leverage) variables in explaining the cross section of stock returns. We find that growth option variables, namely growth in capital investment and yet-unexercised growth options (GO), are significantly and negatively related to stock returns. Investors may be willing to accept lower average returns from growth stocks in exchange for a more favorable (positively skewed) risk-return profile. Book-to-market (BM) ratio seems to proxy for omitted distress/leverage variables. When these are explicitly accounted for, BM is not that significant. Our growth options variables have added explanatory power.
The potential for dietary factors to prevent or treat osteoarthritis
Authors: Green Jonathan A. , Hirst-Jones Kimberley L. , Davidson Rose K. , Jupp Orla , Bao Yongping , MacGregor Alexander J. , Donell Simon T. , Cassidy Aedín , Clark Ian M.
Published: February 2014

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease for which there are no disease-modifying drugs. It is a leading cause of disability in the UK. Increasing age and obesity are both major risk factors for OA and the health and economic burden of this disease will increase in the future. Focusing on compounds from the habitual diet that may prevent the onset or slow the progression of OA is a strategy that has been under-investigated to date. An approach that relies on dietary modification is clearly attractive in terms of risk/benefit and more likely to be implementable at the population level. However, before undertaking a full clinical trial to examine potential efficacy, detailed molecular studies are required in order to optimise the design. This review focuses on potential dietary factors that may reduce the risk or progression of OA, including micronutrients, fatty acids, flavonoids and other phytochemicals. It therefore ignores data coming from classical inflammatory arthritides and nutraceuticals such as glucosamine and chondroitin. In conclusion, diet offers a route by which the health of the joint can be protected and OA incidence or progression decreased. In a chronic disease, with risk factors increasing in the population and with no pharmaceutical cure, an understanding of this will be crucial.
Co-chaperones of Hsp90 inPlasmodium falciparumand their concerted roles in cellular regulation
Authors: CHUA CHUN-SONG , LOW HUIYU , SIM TIOW-SUAN
Published: February 2014

Co-chaperones are well-known regulators of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that is essential in the eukaryotes for the folding and activation of numerous proteins involved in important cellular processes such as signal transduction, growth and developmental regulation. Co-chaperones assist Hsp90 in the protein folding process by modulating conformational changes to promote client protein interaction and functional maturation. With the recognition ofPlasmodium falciparumHsp90 (PfHsp90) as a potential antimalarial drug target, there is obvious interest in the study of its co-chaperones in their partnership in regulating cellular processes in malaria parasite. Previous studies on PfHsp90 have identified more than 10 co-chaperones inP. falciparumgenome. However, many of them remained annotated as putative proteins as their functionality has not been validated experimentally. So far, only five co-chaperones, PfHop, Pfp23, PfAha1, PfPP5 and PfFKBP35 have been characterized and shown to interact with PfHsp90. This review will summarize current knowledge on the co-chaperones inP. falciparumand discuss their regulatory roles on PfHsp90. As certain eukaryotic co-chaperones have also been implicated in altering the affinity of Hsp90 for its inhibitor, this review will also examine plasmodial co-chaperones’ potential influence on approaches towards designing antimalarials targeting PfHsp90.
Amygdala and anterior cingulate resting-state functional connectivity in borderline personality disorder patients with a history of interpersonal trauma
Authors: Krause-Utz A. , Veer I. M. , Rombouts S. A. R. B. , Bohus M. , Schmahl C. , Elzinga B. M.
Published: February 2014

Background

Studies in borderline personality disorder (BPD) have consistently revealed abnormalities in fronto-limbic brain regions during emotional, somatosensory and cognitive challenges. Here we investigated changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) of three fronto-limbic core regions of specific importance to BPD.

Method

Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in 20 unmedicated female BPD patients and 17 healthy controls (HC, matched for age, sex and education) during rest. The amygdala, and the dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were defined as seeds to investigate RSFC patterns of a medial temporal lobe network, the salience network and default mode network. The Dissociation Experience Scale (DES), a measure of trait dissociation, was additionally used as a predictor of RSFC with these seed regions.

Results

Compared with HC, BPD patients showed a trend towards increased RSFC between the amygdala and the insula, orbitofrontal cortex and putamen. Compared with controls, patients furthermore exhibited diminished negative RSFC between the dorsal ACC and posterior cingulate cortex, a core region of the default mode network, and regions of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Last, increased negative RSFC between the ventral ACC and medial occipital regions was observed in BPD patients. DES scores were correlated with amygdala connectivity with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and fusiform gyrus.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest alterations in resting-state networks associated with processing of negative emotions, encoding of salient events, and self-referential processing in individuals with BPD compared with HC. These results shed more light on the role of abnormal brain connectivity in BPD.
Maximising utility does not promote survival
Authors: Cohen Daniel B. , Saling Lauren L.
Published: February 2014

We argue that maximising utility does not promote survival. Hence, there is no reason to expect people to modulate effort according to a task's opportunity costs. There is also no reason why our evaluation of the marginal opportunity costs of tasks should predictably rise with repetition. Thus, the opportunity cost model cannot explain why tasks typically become harder over time.
“The map is not the territory”
Authors: Bookstein Fred L.
Published: February 2014

Bentley et al.’s claim that their “map … captures the essence of decision making” (target article, Abstract) is deconstructed and shown to originate in a serious misunderstanding of the role of principal components and statistical graphics in the generation of pattern claims and hypotheses from profile data. Three alternative maps are offered, each with its radiation of further investigations.
Extending the global village: Emotional communication in the online age
Authors: Buck Ross
Published: February 2014

Bentley et al.’s analysis of how human decision-making has changed in the online age does not mention emotion. Although the suggested dimensions involving social influence and transparency are interesting and suggestive, the engines behind the changes wrought by online media are arguably largely emotional, and implications of the communication of specific emotions via online media need to be better understood.
Adding network structure onto the map of collective behavior
Authors: Fortunato Santo , Saramäki Jari , Onnela Jukka-Pekka
Published: February 2014

We propose an extension to the map of Bentley et al. by incorporating an aspect of underlying network structure that is likely relevant for many modes of collective behavior. This dimension, which captures a feature of network community structure, is known both from theory and from experiments to be relevant for decision-making processes.
Capturing the essence of decision making should not be oversimplified
Authors: Godzińska Ewa Joanna , Wróbel Andrzej
Published: February 2014

Bentley et al. propose a thought-provoking approach to the question of causal factors underlying human choice behavior. Their map model is interesting, but too simplified to capture the essence of decision making. They disregard, among other matters, qualitative differences between various subcategories of social influences, and the role of neurobiological factors engaged in interdependent individual and social decision-making processes.
Conflicting goals and their impact on games where payoffs are more or less ambiguous
Authors: Hopfensitz Astrid , Lorini Emiliano , Moisan Frederic
Published: February 2014

The two-dimensional map by Bentley et al. concerns decision-making and not games. The east–west dimension is interpreted as the level at which individuals identify with some larger group. We think that this should be linked to the concept of social ties. We argue that social ties will lead to different outcomes in the “north” compared to the “south.”
Keeping conceptual boundaries distinct between decision making and learning is necessary to understand social influence
Authors: Le Mens Gaël
Published: February 2014

Bentley et al. make the deliberate choice to blur the distinction between learning and decision making. This obscures the social influence mechanisms that operate in the various empirical settings that their map aims to categorize. Useful policy prescriptions, however, require an accurate understanding of the social influence mechanisms that underlie the dynamics of popularity.
Cultural evolution in more than two dimensions: Distinguishing social learning biases and identifying payoff structures
Authors: Mesoudi Alex
Published: February 2014

Bentley et al.’s two-dimensional conceptual map is complementary to cultural evolution research that has sought to explain population-level cultural dynamics in terms of individual-level behavioral processes. Here, I qualify their scheme by arguing that different social learning biases should be treated distinctly, and that the transparency of decisions is sometimes conflated with the actual underlying payoff structure of those decisions.
The missing dimension: The relevance of people's conception of time
Authors: Norgate Sarah H. , Davies Nigel , Speed Chris , Cherrett Tom , Dickinson Janet
Published: February 2014

While a timely conceptual innovation for the digital age, the “map” proposed by Bentley et al. would benefit from strengthening through the inclusion of a non–clock-time perspective. In this way, there could be new hypotheses developed which could be applied and tested relevant to more diverse societies, cultures, and individuals.
What shapes social decision making?
Authors: Reader Simon M. , Leris Ioannis
Published: February 2014

Outcome transparency and the weight given to social information both play important roles in decision making, but we argue that an overarching influence is the degree to which individuals can and do gather information. Evolution, experience, and development may shape individual specializations in social decision making that carry over across contexts, and these individual differences may influence collective behavior and cultural evolution.
A map of where? Problems with the “transparency” dimension
Authors: Spurrett David
Published: February 2014

Transparency is a fundamental concept in the target article by Bentley et al. But the text gives cryptic, inconclusive and sometimes conflicting suggestions as to what transparency consists of. Consequently, it is insufficiently clear what the north–south axis of the map of collective behaviour actually represents, or how to order behaviours by transparency.
Using big data to map the network organization of the brain
Authors: Swain James E. , Sripada Chandra , Swain John D.
Published: February 2014

The past few years have shown a major rise in network analysis of “big data” sets in the social sciences, revealing non-obvious patterns of organization and dynamic principles. We speculate that the dependency dimension – individuality versus sociality – might offer important insights into the dynamics of neurons and neuronal ensembles. Connectomic neural analyses, informed by social network theory, may be helpful in understanding underlying fundamental principles of brain organization.
Implantation of various energy metallic ions on aluminium substrate using a table top laser driven ion source
Authors: Ahmad Rabia , Rafique M. Shahid , Tahir M. Bilal , Malik Huma
Published: February 2014

Particle acceleration is an important tool in material modification and several other applications. There are multiple techniques to generate and accelerate ion beams. In the current research work, ions emitted from laser induced plasma were accelerated by employing a DC high voltage extraction assembly. The Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) with 10 mJ energy and 12 ns pulse width was irradiated on Aluminum target. Thomson parabola technique using Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (CR-39) was employed for measurement of ions energy generated from laser induced plasma. In response to a stepwise increase in acceleration potential from 0–10 kV, an evident increase in energy, in the range 627–730 keV, was observed. In order to utilize this facility as an ion source, Aluminum was exposed to these ions. The Optical and AFM micrographs revealed that the damage produced by the ions on Al surfaces, become more prominent with the increase in ion energy. TRIM simulations were performed for the analysis of the damage at the irradiated samples. Changes in the total displacements, target vacancies and replacement collisions, calculated by TRIM simulation, were analyzed for ion irradiations with increasing ion energies.
‘Hic est vere Martyr, qui pro Christi nomine sanguinem suum fudit’: representations and reflections of violence and suffering in the responsoria prolixa of saints' offices in the ‘Codex Hartker’
Authors: VAN BETTERAY DIRK
Published: February 2014

This article aims to show the relevance of musical and musical-textual analysis of saints' offices in approaching socio-historical aspects of the Middle Age. It investigates the moral and socio-historical concepts conveyed by the responsoria prolixa in honour of martyred saints in the famous Codex Hartker (CH-SGs 390–391, c.1000). What were the right ways to deal with violence and suffering? Did these differ for men, women and children? In the analysis of responsories in honour of St Stephen, St Lawrence, the Holy Innocents, Sts Cecilia and Agatha, striking musical or textual-musical features which emphasise or even interpret the message of the text have repeatedly been found. The quantity and similarity of such observations lifts them out of the haze of arbitrariness Indeed, it is possible to identify gender-specific and role-specific differences with regard to the behaviours which enabled people to attain the degree of sainthood.
Can We Learn from History?
Authors: Sørensen Bent
Published: February 2014

The development of energy use in Northern Europe is investigated, with an emphasis on the region that some 13–1400 years ago became Denmark, and by using evidence from archaeological finds, climate science and written documents from more recent periods. The role of energy technology in permitting changes in society and – together with changes in food provision technologies – in allowing sustainable living for an increasing population, is demonstrated, with possible lessons relevant for the present debate on handling the required energy, economy and environmental management transitions. The author's recent book A History of Energy (Routledge, Cambridge 2011) is used as a reference.
‘Do as We Say, Not as We Do’: EU to Turkey on Roma/Gypsy Integration
Authors: Avara Hayriye , Mascitelli Bruno
Published: February 2014

For many centuries, Roma/Gypsy people have been an oppressed and stateless minority. Until 1989 most Roma/Gypsy people resided in the former Central and Eastern European communist countries. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Roma/Gypsy became one of the communities that were regarded as a scapegoat for post-Communist society's ills. Despite much rhetoric to the contrary, Roma/Gypsy communities were not welcomed in the West and much of the persecution they endured in the East they saw repeated in the West. The European Union (EU) has sought to place Human Rights as a focal point of its approach in all matters including the issue of Roma/Gypsy communities. Since 2007, Romania and Bulgaria, two states with large numbers of Roma/Gypsy, have become members of the EU. In the last few years France (and Italy) have been cautioned on their expulsion of Roma/Gypsy people. Not only have these actions contravened the European Union charter on Human Rights, but just as seriously, France and Italy have actually expelled citizens who are members of another European Member State because they were Roma/Gypsies. Turkey, on the other hand, as the home of one of the oldest and largest Roma/Gypsy settlements, had for long periods of time subjected Roma/Gypsy people to a life of social and economic disadvantage. Recently this has changed, ironically as part of Turkey's EU accession process. The aim of this article is to explore and compare the actions of European member States (France and Italy primarily) on the question of Roma/Gypsy integration with their integration in future EU accession states such as Turkey. The EU's moral high ground with regard to minorities seems to be ruined by the deplorable behaviour of some of its member states on the question of Roma/Gypsies while Turkey, which has an uneven record on human rights violations, has shown greater, although contradictory concern for the fate of the Roma/Gypsies.
Sonification, Science and Popular Music: In search of the ‘wow’
Authors: Ballora Mark
Published: February 2014

Sonification is described as an under-utilised dimension of the ‘wow!’ factor in science engagement multi-media. It is suggested that sonification's potential value, like much of the scientific visualisation content, probably lies less in hard facts and more in how it may serve as a stimulant for curiosity. Sound is described as a multi-dimensional phenomenon, and a number of approaches to creating sonifications are reviewed. Design strategies are described for five types of phenomena that were sonified for works created by cosmologist George Smoot III and percussionist/ethnomusicologist Mickey Hart, most particularly for their filmRhythms of the Universe(Hart and Smoot 2013).
Peircing Fritz and Snow: An aesthetic field for sonified data
Authors: Filimowicz Michael
Published: February 2014

This essay elaborates a field of general aesthetic considerations relevant to the sonification of data. A set of dialectical tropes are introduced to define the possibility space for organised sonified data: data-in-itself and the listener-for-itself; cognitive support and sabotage; and the Peircean triad of rheme–dicisign–argument. Taken together, these three dialectical parameters elaborate a conceptual space in which strategies can be sought for mapping acoustic parameters to data features, data structure and sonic transformations, all with respect to listener reception. A work-in-progress is discussed in connection with this general aesthetic field, and considerations of the aesthetic space are applied to several works. Finally, the notion of data verité is explored in connection to ‘big data’ and issues related to the transformation of data into information generally.
Electron and Force Microscopy Characterization of Particle Size Effects and Surface Phenomena Associated with Individual Natural Organic Matter Fractions
Authors: Hoffman Lee W. , Chilom Gabriela , Venkatesan Swaminathan , Rice James A.
Published: February 2014

Natural organic matter (NOM) generically refers to organic substances found in soils, waters, and sediments. It is the brown-to-black, heterogeneous organic material produced through the diagenetic alteration of plant tissue and microbial biomass via a myriad of biotic and abiotic reactions. Since NOM is the primary source of organic carbon in the earth’s surficial environment, understanding the processes by which NOM is produced is integral to understanding carbon sequestration, contaminant fate and transport, and other earth surface processes. NOM samples (HA0) consist of nonamphiphilic (HA1), lipid-like (L0 and L1), and strongly amphiphilic (HA2) components. Here we present the structure and morphology of self-assembled NOM components based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) characterizations. Effects of surface charge and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the amphiphile on the interaction and resulting structures were investigated using SEM, AFM, and EFM. Data shows that the component’s amphiphilic nature plays a key role in the formation of NOM. SEM data show that aggregates form while AFM/EFM analysis verifies the existence of hydrophobic/hydrophilic moieties in different fractions of HA0. Subsequently, the amphiphilic nature of HA2 will have a substantial effect on interfacial interactions and subsequent self-assembly of HA0’s components.
Praxisnahe Scores für die Erfassung der Mangelernährung
Authors: Aeberhard Carla , Stanga Zeno , Leuenberger Michèle
Published: February 2014

Eine Mangelernährung besteht bei ca. 30 – 60 % der hospitalisierten als auch der ambulanten medizinischen oder chirurgischen Patienten. Schwerwiegende Folgen werden auf diversen Ebenen beobachtet. Sie beeinträchtigt die Lebensqualität, schwächt das Immunsystem und die Muskulatur und verschlechtert die Prognose der Patienten. Interventionen zur Erkennung und Behandlung der Mangelernährung sind wirksam und kostensparend. Im Alltag sind einfache standardisierte Screeningtests für die Erfassung von Risikopatienten sehr nützlich. Die systematische Identifikation von Patienten mit potenzieller oder manifester Mangelernährung ist fundamental, um eine adäquate Ernährungstherapie schnellstmöglich einzuleiten. Das Screening und anschließende Assessment sollte vom betreuenden medizinischen Team durchgeführt werden, damit es die ernährungsbezogenen Probleme in einem interdisziplinären und -professionellen Team erkennen und lösen kann.
Ethische Fragen der künstlichen Ernährung
Authors: Weimann Arved
Published: February 2014

Die Übersichtsarbeit diskutiert einige ethische Fragen der künstlichen Ernährung anhand der klassischen Prinzipien der Bioethik von Beauchamp und Childress „Respektierung der Autonomie, Nichtschädigung, Fürsorge und Gerechtigkeit“.
Moderne Technologien in der Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie
Authors: Lübbers Heinz-Theo , Matthews Felix , Kruse Astrid L.
Published: February 2014

Moderne Verfahren halten zunehmend Einzug in die Medizin. Die Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie als Schnittstellenfach zwischen Medizin und Zahnmedizin implementiert diese aus beiden Bereichen. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die für das Fach typischen Technologien, die sich zum heutigen Zeitpunkt schon in der klinischen Alltagsanwendung befinden. Es wird das Prinzip mit seinen Indikationsbereichen dargestellt und Vor- und Nachteile werden gegeneinander abgewogen. Auf Basis der digitalen Volumentomografie werden die dreidimensionale Bildfusion und Spiegelung genauso dargestellt wie patientenspezifische Modelle und Implantate, schienengeführte und freie Navigation mit und ohne dreidimensionale intraoperative Bildgebung. Eine Gesamtwürdigung zeigt gleichzeitig noch weiteren Forschungsbedarf bezüglich der Indikationsstellung auf.
Das Raynaud-Phänomen und andere Durchblutungsstörungen der Finger
Authors: Mahler Felix
Published: February 2014

Das Raynaud-Phänomen (RP) manifestiert sich als attackenartige Weissverfärbung der Finger aufgrund von überschiessender Vasokonstriktion bei Kälte oder emotionalem Stress. Beim primären Raynaud-Phänomen ist keine zugrundliegende Krankheit bekannt. Es tritt vor allem bei jungen Frauen auf und verursacht keine trophische Störungen. Dem sekundären Raynaud-Phänomen liegen Bindegewebskrankheiten wie z.B. Sklerodermie, physikalische oder chemische Schädigung oder auch Fingerarterienverschlüsse zugrunde. Akrale trophische Störungen sind möglich. Die Abklärung eines unklaren RP und Akrozyanose umfasst Serologie, nicht-invasive Durchblutungsdiagnostik und Kapillarmikroskopie. Therapeutisch steht beim RP der Kälteschutz im Vordergrund, da Nebenwirkungen der gängigen Medikamente deren Wirkung oft übersteigen. Das sekundäre RP mit trophischen Störungen wird wie die chronisch-kritische Ischämie ohne Möglichkeit direkter Revaskularisation behandelt. Das spontane Fingerhämatom bei Frauen mittleren Alters ist oft erschreckend aber harmlos.
Kurzberatung in der Arztpraxis zur Verbesserung des Gesundheitsverhaltens: Probleme und Lösungen
Authors: Neuner-Jehle Stefan , Schmid Margareta , Grüninger Ueli
Published: February 2014

Das gesundheitsrelevante Verhalten ist eine wichtige Determinante chronischer Krankheiten. Hausärzten kommt dabei die bedeutende Rolle zu, Patienten bei der Verbesserung ihres Gesundheitsverhaltens zu unterstützen; Hindernisse müssen aber berücksichtigt werden. Im neuen Beratungsprogramm «Gesundheitscoaching KHM» (www.gesundheitscoaching-khm.ch) arbeiten Patient und Arzt als Team in vier Schritten (sensibilisieren – Motivation aufbauen – planen – ausführen und begleiten) daran, ein selbstgewähltes Ziel der Verhaltensänderung zu erreichen. Entscheidend sind dabei kommunikative Fertigkeiten des Arztes, die im Programm trainiert werden. Ein Pilottest mit 20 Ärzten und 1045 Patienten zeigte eine hervorragende Akzeptanz und Praktikabilität des Programmes; nach vier Beratungssitzungen verbesserte jeder zweite Teilnehmer sein Gesundheitsverhalten im gewählten Ziel um mindestens eine (von zwei möglichen) Kategorien. Für die Weiterverbreitung ist die Schaffung von günstigen Rahmenbedingungen essenziell.
Neurons Have an Active Glycogen Metabolism that Contributes to Tolerance to Hypoxia
Authors: Saez Isabel , Duran Jordi , Sinadinos Christopher , Beltran Antoni , Yanes Oscar , Tevy María F , Martínez-Pons Carlos , Milán Marco , Guinovart Joan J
Published: February 2014

Glycogen is present in the brain, where it has been found mainly in glial cells but not in neurons. Therefore, all physiologic roles of brain glycogen have been attributed exclusively to astrocytic glycogen. Working with primary cultured neurons, as well as with genetically modified mice and flies, here we report that—against general belief—neurons contain a low but measurable amount of glycogen. Moreover, we also show that these cells express the brain isoform of glycogen Phosphorylase, allowing glycogen to be fully metabolized. Most importantly, we show an active neuronal glycogen metabolism that protects cultured neurons from hypoxia-induced death and flies from hypoxia-induced stupor. Our findings change the current view of the role of glycogen in the brain and reveal that endogenous neuronal glycogen metabolism participates in the neuronal tolerance to hypoxic stress.
Predicting cooperative drug effects through the quantitative cellular profiling of response to individual drugs
Authors: Zhao J , Zhang X‐S , Zhang S
Published: February 2014

Quantitative prediction of cellular responses to drugs and drug combinations is a challenging and valuable topic in pharmaceutical research. In the past decade, microarray technology has become a routine tool for monitoring genome‐wide expression changes and has been widely adopted for exploring drug response in the pharmaceutical field. However, how to predict the synergistic effect of drug combinations using microarray data is a challenging task. In this article, we report a simple prediction framework based on the genome‐wide and quantitative profiling of cellular responses to individual drugs. By exploring the differential expression profiles, our correlation‐based strategy can reveal the synergistic effects of drug combinations. The comparison with gold‐standard experimental results demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses in relation to prediction based only on cellular response to individual drugs. Specifically, the prediction strategy may work for a drug combination whose individual drugs show related transcriptomic mechanisms but not for others.

CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e102; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.79; published online 26 February 2014
Stagnation Point Flow and Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction past a Stretching/Shrinking Cylinder
Authors: Najib Najwa , Bachok Norfifah , Arifin Norihan Md. , Ishak Anuar
Published: February 2014

This paper is about the stagnation point flow and mass transfer with chemical reaction past a stretching/shrinking cylinder. The governing partial differential equations in cylindrical form are transformed into ordinary differential equations by a similarity transformation. The transformed equations are solved numerically using a shooting method. Results for the skin friction coefficient, Schmidt number, velocity profiles as well as concentration profiles are presented for different values of the governing parameters. Effects of the curvature parameter, stretching/shrinking parameter and Schmidt number on the flow and mass transfer characteristics are examined. The study indicates that dual solutions exist for the shrinking cylinder but for the stretching cylinder, the solution is unique. It is observed that the surface shear stress and the mass transfer rate at the surface increase as the curvature parameter increases.
Chalcone coating on cotton cloth – an approach to reduce attachment of live microbes
Authors: Sivakumar Ponnurengam Malliappan , Prabhawathi Veluchamy , Neelakandan Ramalingam , Doble Mukesh
Published: February 2014

Cloths coated with 4-sulfonylmethyl chalcone prevented the growth of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms.
Enhanced vertical carrier mobility in poly(3-alkylthiophene) thin films sandwiched between self-assembled monolayers and surface-segregated layers
Authors: Ma Jusha , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Tajima Keisuke
Published: February 2014

A high vertical charge mobility of 1.1 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 was achieved by increasing the fraction of end-on orientation.
A ladder-type coordination polymer constructed from two macrocyclic units – calix[4]arene tetracarboxylate and azamacrocyclic nickel(ii) complex
Authors: Tsymbal Lyudmila V. , Lampeka Yaroslaw D. , Boyko Vyacheslaw I. , Kalchenko Vitaly I. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Shishkin Oleg V.
Published: February 2014

Spatially-separated polar channels and non-polar voids were shown to coexist in the crystal of a new type of coordination polymer formed by a hexaazamacrocyclic nickel(ii) cation and a lower rim substituted calix[4]arene tetracarboxylate trianion.
Unusual electroluminescence from n-ZnO@i-MgO core–shell nanowire color-tunable light-emitting diode at reverse bias
Authors: Mo Xiaoming , Fang Guojia , Long Hao , Li Songzhan , Wang Haoning , Chen Zhao , Huang Huihui , Zeng Wei , Zhang Yupeng , Pan Chunxu
Published: February 2014

Light-emitting diodes based on n-ZnO@i-MgO core–shell nanowire/p-NiO heterojunction only demonstrated reverse-bias electroluminescence.
Characterization of organosolv switchgrass lignin by using high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution tandem mass spectrometry using hydroxide-doped negative-ion mode electrospray ionization
Authors: Jarrell Tiffany M. , Marcum Christopher L. , Sheng Huaming , Owen Benjamin C. , O'Lenick C. J. , Maraun Hagen , Bozell Joseph J. , Kenttämaa Hilkka I.
Published: February 2014

Method for identification of compounds in organosolv lignin.
Specific Cu(ii) detection using a novel tricarbazolyl-tristriazolotriazine based on photoinduced charge transfer
Authors: Zhao He , Wang Yongtao , Liu Zhiyong , Dai Bin
Published: February 2014

A novel tricarbazolyl-tristriazolotriazine for specific Cu(ii) detection.
Microfluidic approaches for epithelial cell layer culture and characterisation
Authors: Thuenauer Roland , Rodriguez-Boulan Enrique , Römer Winfried
Published: February 2014

Novelin vitromodels of epithelia in which thein vivomicroenvironment of epithelial cells is precisely reconstituted can be realised with microfluidic biochips.
Co2Nx/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide for enzymeless glucose detection
Authors: Kong Lingjun , Ren Zhiyu , Du Shichao , Wu Jun , Fu Honggang
Published: February 2014

Co2Nx/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (Co2Nx/NG) is synthesized by electrostatic co-precipitation of Co and rGO followed by high-temperature nitridation, which can serve as an efficient catalyst for sensitive glucose detection due to the unique electrocatalytic property of Co2Nxand synergistic effect between Co2Nxand N-doped rGO.
Two C2-symmetric chelating P2-bisphosphazene superbases connected via a binaphthyl backbone – synthesis, structural features and preparation of a cationic alkyl aluminum complex
Authors: Kögel Julius F. , Kneusels Nis-Julian , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: February 2014

Two P2-phosphazene Schwesinger bases were combined into a stereorigid chiral tetraphosphazene superbase and superdonor.
Synthesis of a tetrabenzotriazacorrole μ-oxo dimer and investigation of its stacking effect
Authors: Furuyama Taniyuki , Sugiya Yusuke , Kobayashi Nagao
Published: February 2014

A μ-oxo dimer of phosphorus(v) tetrabenzotriazacorrole (PTBC) has been synthesized and characterized for the first time.
Renaissance of the coordination chemistry of 2,4,6-tris(2-pyrimidyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPymT). Part II: new insights into the reaction of TPymT with Pb(NO3)2
Authors: Safin Damir A. , Burgess Kevin M. N. , Korobkov Ilia , Bryce David L. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: February 2014

Reaction of TPymT with Pb(NO3)2 in H2O leads to a mixture of two pseudopolymorphs, {[Pb2(TPymT)(H2O)(NO3)4]·H2O}n, 1 and [Pb2(TPymT)(NO3)4]n, 2. Both pseudopolymorphs can be interconverted by dissolving in water upon heating and controlling the evaporation rate.
Synthesis, crystal structures, and luminescence properties of seven tripodal imidazole-based Zn/Cd(ii) coordination polymers induced by tricarboxylates
Authors: Yang Wei , Wang Chiming , Ma Qi , Liu Chenxi , Wang Hailong , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: February 2014

New structural patterns made from the “old-fashioned” ligand 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)benzene have been obtained using three asymmetric V-shaped tricarboxylate ligands together with different metals.
Two three-dimensional cadmium(ii) coordination polymers based on 5-amino-tetrazolate and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate: the pH value controlled syntheses, crystal structures and luminescent properties
Authors: Zhong Di-Chang , Lu Wen-Guan , Deng Ji-Hua
Published: February 2014

Two 3D cadmium(ii) coordination polymers have been prepared by controlling the pH values of the reaction mixture.
Unravelling transient phases during thermal oxidation of copper for dense CuO nanowire growth
Authors: Wu Fei , Myung Yoon , Banerjee Parag
Published: February 2014

Direct evidence of cupric ion outdiffusion through grain boundaries during thermal oxidation of high purity Cu is obtained using Raman spectroscopy.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Non-symmetric substituted ureas locked in an (E,Z) conformation: an unusual anion binding via supramolecular assembly” by B. Ośmiałowski and E. Kolehmainen, New J. Chem., 2014, 38, DOI: 10.1039/c3nj01282d
Authors: Caltagirone Claudia , Garau Alessandra , Isaia Francesco , Lippolis Vito , Montis Riccardo , Olivari Martina , Scorciapino Mariano Andrea
Published: February 2014

The interaction between ureidic receptors and acetate is described via NMR experiments.
Surface plasmon resonance mediated photoluminescence properties of nanostructured multicomponent fluorophore systems
Authors: Kochuveedu Saji Thomas , Kim Dong Ha
Published: February 2014

Surface plasmon resonance mediated light emission properties and their applications for biomedical theranosis and display devices are discussed comprehensively.
Highly efficient and practical resolution of 2,3:6,7-dibenzobicyclo[3.3.1]nona-2,6-diene-4,8-dione and stereoselective synthesis of its chiral diamine derivatives
Authors: Wang Bin , Gu Zhenhua
Published: February 2014

The rigid V-shaped molecule (±)-4 could be efficiently resolved by commercially available BINOL in high enantiomeric excesses.
Nitrogen-enriched and hierarchically porous carbon macro-spheres – ideal for large-scale CO2 capture
Authors: Zhu Bingjun , Li Kaixi , Liu Jingjing , Liu Hao , Sun Chenggong , Snape Colin E. , Guo Zhengxiao
Published: February 2014

Nitrogen-containing millimeter-scale polymer spheres are produced from poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylamide) with a facile and efficient spheridization method. After carbonisation and chemical activation by KOH, the resulting carbon spheres show a hierarchically porous structure, with a high nitrogen content and excellent CO2 capture performance, indicating its great potential in large-scale CO2 capture applications.
Enhanced open-circuit voltage in polymer solar cells by dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole N-acylation
Authors: Vanormelingen Wouter , Kesters Jurgen , Verstappen Pieter , Drijkoningen Jeroen , Kudrjasova Julija , Koudjina Simplice , Liégeois Vincent , Champagne Benoît , Manca Jean , Lutsen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk , Maes Wouter
Published: February 2014

N-Acylation of dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) leads to enhanced open-circuit voltages and hence higher power conversion efficiencies in polymer solar cells.
How to measure a complete set of polarization-dependent differential cross sections in a scattering experiment with aligned reagents?
Authors: Wang Fengyan , Lin Jui-San , Liu Kopin
Published: February 2014

Polarization-dependent differential cross section (PDDCS) is one of the three-vector correlations (k, k′, j) in molecular collisions, which provides the most detailed insights into the steric requirements of chemical reactions, i.e., how the reactivity depends on the polarization of reagents. Only quite recently has such quantity been fully realized experimentally in the study of the reaction of the aligned CHD3(v1 = 1, |jK⟩ = |10⟩) molecules with Cl(2P3/2) atoms. Theoretically, PDDCS is a relatively new concept; experimental realization of the theoretical construct requires some careful considerations that are not readily available in the literature. Here, we present the “know-how” behind the full PDDCS measurements to fill the gaps and to provide a clear roadmap for future applications. To make the connection apparent between the methodology presented here and the stereodynamics revealed in previous reports, the same Cl + aligned CHD3 reaction is used for illustration.
Observation of bias-dependent noise sources in a TiOx/TiOy bipolar resistive switching frame
Authors: Hyung Kim Joo , Rahm Lee Ah , Cheol Bae Yoon , Ho Baek Kwang , Sik Im Hyun , Pyo Hong Jin
Published: February 2014

We report the conduction features associated with the evolution of oxygen ions (or vacancies) under bias for a TiOx (oxygen ion-rich)/TiOy (oxygen ion-deficient) bi-layer cell by identifying low-frequency noise sources. It is believed that a low resistance state enhances the formation of conductive filaments exchanging electrons through a nearest-neighbor hopping process, while a high resistance state (HRS) emphasizes the rupture of conductive filaments inside the insulating TiOx layer and a reduction/oxidation reaction at the oxide interfaces. The high resolution transmission electron microscope images of as-grown and HRS cells are also discussed.
Novel ferroelectric single crystals of Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 ternary solid solution
Authors: Wang Bixia , Xie Yujuan , Zhuang Jian , Wu Xiaoqing , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo-Guang
Published: February 2014

Ferroelectric single crystals of a new lead-reduced Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-PbZrO3-PbTiO3 (BZT-PZ-PT) ternary solid solution system have been grown for the first time by three different methods, namely high temperature solution growth (HTSG, or flux method), top-cooled solution growth (TCSG), and top-seeded solution growth (TSSG). The chemical and thermodynamic parameters, including the flux concentration, the soaking temperature and the cooling rate, have been optimized, leading to the growth of good quality BZT-PZ-PT crystals of pseudo-cubic morphology. A large size crystal of the dimensions of 2 × 2 × 0.5 cm3 has been obtained by the TSSG technique. The crystal structure is analyzed by means of X-ray powder diffraction. The highest ferroelectric Curie temperature TC of the grown crystals is found to be 320 °C by means of dielectric measurements. A remnant polarization of 32 μC/cm2 is displayed with a coercive field of 15.4 kV/cm. The high TC and large coercive field of the BZT-PZ-PT single crystal make this material a promising candidate for applications in high power electromechanical transducers that can operate in a wider temperature range and at high fields.