bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of slip velocity on Newtonian fluid flow induced by a stretching surface within a porous medium
Authors: Bansal Shubham , Yadav Rajendra Singh
Published: July 2024

This article aims to examine an unsteady 2-D laminar flow of magnetohydrodynamic fluid caused by an elastic surface immersed in a permeable medium under the influence of thermal radiation and extended heat flux. Thermal conductivity and viscosity both are supposed to vary with temperature. This flow model also includes velocity slip, heat source, and joule heating. The governing equations of the fluid, including momentum and energy equations, of the proposed problem are transfigured into a system of interconnected non-linear ordinary differential equations through similarity transformations. The resultant equations are solved efficiently by employing the shooting technique in combination with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Numerical values and the effect of numerous governing factors on the flow field, temperature distribution, local skin friction coefficient, and Nusselt number are showcased via graphs and tables. The investigation reveals that velocity slip, heat source, and porosity parameters enhance the temperature field while diminishing the velocity field. Furthermore, the velocity slip parameter notably reduces both the coefficient of skin friction and the Nusselt number.
Adipose Tissue Sex Steroids in Postmenopausal Women With and Without Menopausal Hormone Therapy
Authors: Hetemäki Natalia , Robciuc Alexandra , Vihma Veera , Haanpää Mikko , Hämäläinen Esa , Tikkanen Matti J , Mikkola Tomi S , Savolainen-Peltonen Hanna
Published: July 2024

Context

The decrease in serum estrogens after menopause is associated with a shift from a gynoid to an android adipose tissue (AT) distribution. Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) mitigates this change and accompanying metabolic dysfunction, but its effects on AT sex steroid metabolism have not been characterized.

Objective

We studied effects of HT on subcutaneous and visceral AT estrogen and androgen concentrations and metabolism in postmenopausal women.

Design, setting, patients, and interventions

Serum and subcutaneous and visceral AT from 63 postmenopausal women with (n = 50) and without (n = 13) per oral HT were analyzed for estrone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and serum estrone sulfate using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Steroid sulfatase activity was measured using radiolabeled precursors. mRNA expression of genes encoding sex steroid-metabolizing enzymes and receptors was performed using real-time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

HT users had 4- to 7-fold higher concentrations of estrone and estradiol in subcutaneous and visceral AT, and 30% lower testosterone in visceral AT compared to nonusers. Estrogen-to-androgen ratios were 4- to 12-fold higher in AT of users compared to nonusers of HT. In visceral AT, estrogen-to-androgen ratios increased with HT estradiol dose. AT to serum ratios of estrone and estradiol remained high in HT users.

Conclusion

Higher local estrogen to androgen ratios and high AT to serum ratios of estrogen concentrations in HT users suggest that HT may significantly influence intracrine sex steroid metabolism in AT; these local changes could be involved in the preventive effect of HT on menopause-associated abdominal adiposity.
Renal Protective Effect of Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
Authors: Wang Hsi-Hao , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Hung Shih-Yuan , Chiou Yuan-Yow , Hsu Wan-Chia , Chang Chih-Min , Liou Hung-Hsiang , Chang Min-Yu , Ho Li-Chun , Wu Ching-Fang , Lee Yi-Che
Published: July 2024

Background

Inhibiting the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important issue, but the renoprotective effect of metformin is still controversial.

Objective

To assess the renoprotective effect of metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods

This retrospective observational multicenter cohort study included 316 693 patients with type 2 diabetes from 7 hospitals. After matching for age, gender, medical year, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine protein (dipstick), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and propensity score; a total of 13 096 metformin and 13 096 non-metformin patients were included. The main results were doubling of serum creatinine, eGFR ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Results

After conducting a multivariable logistic regression analysis on the variables, the metformin group was revealed to have better renal outcomes than the non-metformin group, including a lower incidence of doubling of serum creatinine (hazard ratio [HR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.77), eGFR ≤ 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.53-0.71), and ESKD (HR 0.55; 95% CI, 0.47-0.66). The subgroup analyses revealed a consistent renoprotective effect across patients with various renal functions. Furthermore, when considering factors such as age, sex, comorbidities, and medications in subgroup analyses, it consistently showed that the metformin group experienced a slower deterioration in renal function across nearly all patient subgroups.

Conclusion

Metformin decreased the risk of renal function deterioration.
Transgenerational Traumatization in the Yazidi Community
Authors: Kizilhan Jan Ilhan
Published: July 2024

In recent years Islamic terrorism has manifested itself with an unexpectedly destructive force. Even though in most cases it started locally, it has spread its terror over the whole world. In August 2014, when troops of the self-proclaimed “Islamic State” invaded areas of northern Iraq, they turned on the long-established religious minorities in the area with tremendous brutality, especially toward the Yazidi religious minority. Huge numbers of men were executed, and women and children were abducted and subjected to sexual violence. In an attempt at systematic destruction of the Yazidi community, the religious minority was to be eliminated and the will of the victims broken. The medical and mental health issues of the resulting from the combined subjective, collective, and cultural traumas, last not least followed by the migrant and refugee crisis, are extraordinary and need new and wise concepts of integrated medical care.
On the (Im)possibility of the Kurdish Queer
Authors: Sandal-Wilson Hakan
Published: July 2024

Scattered across four countries in the Middle East, Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations in the world and have long been portrayed as pawns within imperial interventions in the region, both by some sections of the Left as well as within authoritarian right-wing politics. In parallel, a specific vein of postcolonial theory has treated queer/LGBTI+ activism in the region as “alien,” “foreign,” and even as a Trojan horse of imperialism, an idea that has been taken up, again, by sections of the Left as well as right-wing authoritarian politicians. Adopting the doubly illegitimized subject position of the “Kurdish queer” as its point of departure, this article highlights the importance of taking the situated knowledge and political analyses of Kurdish queers seriously to uncover histories of violence as well as the multiple layers of queer, postcolonial, and decolonial imagination. Doing so, the author argues, puts theory and visions of democracy under productive scrutiny, stretching them in critical directions. The article concludes that an investment in or curiosity for Kurdish queer studies is needed to complicate our understanding of the history and politics of the region, as well as how sexuality and conflict are entangled.
Comprehensive Assessment of Drug Kinetics, Neurotoxicity, and Safety of Sirolimus-Eluting Intracranial Stents in Canine Basilar Artery
Authors: Sun Xuan , Wu Xiaojin , Yang Ming , Deng Yiming , Jia Baixue , Zhang Xuelei , Zhang Min , Pi Chaoqiong , Bureau Christophe , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Miao Zhongrong
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Sirolimus-eluting stents (SESs) have shown promise in treating intracranial atherosclerosis but concerns about potential neurotoxicity due to prolonged drug release exist. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the safety of SES, with a focus on neurotoxicity.

METHODS:

Stents (1.50 × 7 or 12 mm) were implanted into the basilar arteries of 154 Labrador Retrievers (weighing >25 kg and aged older than 1 year) divided into 4 groups: bare-metal stent, polymer-coated stent, standard-dose SES (sirolimus dose: 71 μg), and high-dose SES group (sirolimus dose: 284 μg). Pharmacokinetic analysis was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on blood and tissue samples, and analysis of brain tissue was performed with 5 different special stains and immunohistochemistry protocols to assess axonal degeneration, vacuolization, astrocyte proliferation, microglial activation, or widespread neurodegeneration.

RESULTS:

In the standard-dose SES group, the stent released 10.56% of the drug on day 1 and 95.41% on day 28 postimplantation. In the high-dose SES group, corresponding figures were 40.20% on day 1 and 98.08% on day 28. Systemic drug concentration consistently remained below 1.5 ng/mL throughout the study. Arterial tissue concentration reached its peak at day 28 days in the standard-dose group and at 7 days in the high-dose group. Importantly, the brain and related tissue concentrations remained below 0.4 µg/g in both standard-dose and high-dose SES groups, peaking on day 21 in the standard-dose group and day 1 in the high-dose group. The detailed 180-day safety assessment revealed no adverse effects on the brain, even at high sirolimus doses in the SES group.

CONCLUSION:

This study provides robust evidence supporting the long-term pharmacokinetic safety of SESs in the context of intracranial interventions for high-grade intracranial atherosclerosis. The results adequately alleviate concerns related to neurotoxicity and substantiate the feasibility of using these stents as a therapeutic choice in neurosurgery.
The History of the Neurosciences at the Albert Einstein Medical Center and Montefiore Medical Center—Science at the Heart of Medicine
Authors: Fluss Rose , Lo Bu Riana , Cezayirli Phillip , Altschul David J. , Eskandar Emad
Published: July 2024

“Science at the heart of medicine,” the ethos of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and its university hospital, Montefiore Medical Center, has shaped the institution's legacy of pivotal contributions in the neurosciences. From its inception to the present day, the leaders of these institutions have epitomized the integration of clinical medicine, technical excellence, and multidisciplinary basic research. Over time these skills have become increasingly imperative for addressing neurological disorders and overcoming obstacles hindering progress in the field. This article aims to provide a summarized history of the work and achievements of these interdisciplinary surgical and scientific pioneers and departments, in the hopes of inspiring future generations of surgeons and physician scientists and documenting the institution’s legacy in the neurosciences. Here we provide a summarized history of the life, work, and achievements of the physicians and scientists on which the institution’s legacy in the neurosciences was built.
Postinterventional Petechial Hemorrhage Associated With Poor Functional Outcome After Successful Recanalization Following Endovascular Therapy
Authors: Ma Jicai , Chervak Lina M. , Siegler James E. , Li Zhenzhang , Mofatteh Mohammad , Galecio-Castillo Milagros , Zhou Sijie , Huang Jianhui , Lai Yuzheng , Zhang Youyong , Guo Junhui , Zhang Xiuling , Cheng Chunyun , Tang Jiaying , Chen Junbin , Chen Yimin
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Endovascular therapy (EVT) has emerged as the standard for treating patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early petechial hemorrhage and patient outcomes after successful EVT of anterior circulation.

METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed multicenter data from 316 patients who underwent EVT for acute occlusion of anterior circulation. Patients were divided into petechial hemorrhage group and without hemorrhage group based on post-EVT head imaging. Logistical regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors for petechial hemorrhage, and for petechial hemorrhage as a predictor of early neurological improvement, favorable outcome at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale 0-2), and 90-day mortality, with adjustment for all factors significantly associated with these endpoints in univariate regression to P < .10.

RESULTS:

Of 316 included patients with successful EVT, 49 (15.50%) had petechial hemorrhage. The petechial hemorrhage group showed less early neurological improvement (36.73% compared with 53.56%, P = .030), less favorable outcomes at 90 days (32.65% compared with 61.80%, P < .001, absolute risk difference 29.15%), and higher mortality at 90 days (28.57% compared with 10.49%, P = .001) then the group without hemorrhage. Petechial hemorrhage was inversely associated with favorable 90-day outcome (odds ratio = 0.415, 95% CI 0.206-0.835) and higher mortality rate at 90 days (odds ratio = 2.537, 95% CI 1.142-5.635) in multivariable regression but was not independently associated with early neurological improvement.

CONCLUSION:

In patients with anterior large vessel occlusion who underwent successful EVT, petechial hemorrhage was associated with poor functional outcome and 90-day mortality when adjusted for complete recanalization, pre-EVT National Institute of Health Stroke Scale/Score, and Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score. Despite the relatively lower rate of a favorable 90-day outcome with petechial hemorrhage compared with no petechial hemorrhage, the absolute rate of a favorable outcome exceeds the natural history of medical management for this condition.
Safety assessment of rat embryonic fraction for in vivo regenerative therapy
Authors: Darsi Sivarama Prasad , Baishya Somorita , Nagati Veerababu , Bharani Kala Kumar , Cheekatla Satyanarayana Swamy , Darsi Sujesh Kumar , Kamireddy Adi Reddy , Barra Ram Reddy , Devarasetti Ashok Kumar , Surampudi Sreedhar , Singireddy Jayaram Reddy , Kandula Siva Kumar , Pasupulati Anil Kumar
Published: July 2024

Regenerative therapy is considered a novel option for treating various diseases, whereas a developing embryo is a prime source of molecules that help repair diseased tissue and organs. Organoid culture studies also confirmed the inherent biological functions of several embryonic factors. However, the in vivo safety and efficacy of embryonic protein fraction (EPF) were not validated. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of EPF on healthy adult rats. We obtained embryos from Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats of E14, E16, and E19 embryonic days and collected protein lysate. This lysate was administered intravenously into adult SD rats on sequential days. We collected blood and performed hematological and biochemical parameters of rats that received EPF. C-reactive protein levels, interleukin-6, blood glucose levels, serum creatinine, blood urea, total leucocyte counts, and % of neutrophils and lymphocytes were comparable between rats receiving EPF and saline. Histological examination of rats' tissues administered with EPF is devoid of abnormalities. Our study revealed that intravenous administration of EPF to healthy adult rats showed that EPF is non-immunogenic, non-inflammatory, non-tumorigenic, and safe for in vivo applications. Our analysis suggests that EPF or its components could be recommended for validating its therapeutic abilities in organ regenerative therapy.
Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number as a Biomarker for Guiding Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stages II and III Colorectal Cancer Patients with Mismatch Repair Deficiency: Seeking Benefits and Avoiding Harms
Authors: Chen Mian , Deng Shenghe , Cao Yinghao , Wang Jun , Zou Falong , Gu Junnang , Mao Fuwei , Xue Yifan , Jiang Zhenxing , Cheng Denglong , Huang Ning , Huang Liang , Cai Kailin
Published: July 2024

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with mismatch repair-deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-H) status are conventionally perceived as unresponsive to adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). The mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is required for mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) expression. In light of previous findings indicating that the frequent truncating-mutation of TFAM affects the chemotherapy resistance of MSI CRC cells, this study aimed to explore the potential of mtDNA-CN as a predictive biomarker for ACT efficacy in dMMR CRC patients.

Methods

Levels of MtDNA-CN were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a cohort of 308 CRC patients with dMMR comprising 180 stage II and 128 stage III patients. Clinicopathologic and therapeutic data were collected. The study examined the association between mtDNA-CN levels and prognosis, as well as the impact of ACT benefit on dMMR CRC patients. Subgroup analyses were performed based mainly on tumor stage and mtDNA-CN level. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the effect of mtDNA-CN on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results

A substantial reduction in mtDNA-CN expression was observed in tumor tissue, and higher mtDNA-CN levels were correlated with improved DFS (73.4% vs 85.7%; P = 0.0055) and OS (82.5% vs 90.3%; P = 0.0366) in dMMR CRC patients. Cox regression analysis identified high mtDNA-CN as an independent protective factor for DFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.547; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.321–0.934; P = 0.0270) and OS (HR 0.520; 95% CI 0.272–0.998; P = 0.0492). Notably, for dMMR CRC patients with elevated mtDNA-CN, ACT significantly improved DFS (74.6% vs 93.4%; P = 0.0015) and OS (81.0% vs 96.7%; P = 0.0017), including those with stage II or III disease.

Conclusions

The mtDNA-CN levels exhibited a correlation with the prognosis of stage II or III CRC patients with dMMR. Elevated mtDNA-CN emerges as a robust prognostic factor, indicating improved ACT outcomes for stages II and III CRC patients with dMMR. These findings suggest the potential utility of mtDNA-CN as a biomarker for guiding personalized ACT treatment in this population.
The role of BioFire Joint Infection Panel in diagnosing periprosthetic hip and knee joint infections in patients with unclear conventional microbiological results
Authors: Gardete-Hartmann Susana , Mitterer Jennyfer A. , Sebastian Sujeesh , Frank Bernhard J. H. , Simon Sebastian , Huber Stephanie , Löw Marcellino , Sommer Ian , Prinz Mojgan , Halabi Milo , Hofstaetter Jochen G.
Published: July 2024

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the BioFire Joint Infection (JI) Panel in cases of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) where conventional microbiology is unclear, and to assess its role as a complementary intraoperative diagnostic tool.

Methods

Five groups representing common microbiological scenarios in hip and knee revision arthroplasty were selected from our arthroplasty registry, prospectively maintained PJI databases, and biobank: 1) unexpected-negative cultures (UNCs), 2) unexpected-positive cultures (UPCs), 3) single-positive intraoperative cultures (SPCs), and 4) clearly septic and 5) aseptic cases. In total, 268 archived synovial fluid samples from 195 patients who underwent acute/chronic revision total hip or knee arthroplasty were included. Cases were classified according to the International Consensus Meeting 2018 criteria. JI panel evaluation of synovial fluid was performed, and the results were compared with cultures.

Results

The JI panel detected microorganisms in 7/48 (14.5%) and 15/67 (22.4%) cases related to UNCs and SPCs, respectively, but not in cases of UPCs. The correlation between JI panel detection and infection classification criteria for early/late acute and chronic PJI was 46.6%, 73%, and 40%, respectively. Overall, the JI panel identified 12.6% additional microorganisms and three new species. The JI panel pathogen identification showed a sensitivity and specificity of 41.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) 33.7 to 49.5) and 91.1% (95% CI 84.7 to 94.9), respectively. In total, 19/195 (9.7%) could have been managed differently and more accurately upon JI panel evaluation.

Conclusion

Despite its microbial limitation, JI panel demonstrated clinical usefulness by complementing the traditional methods based on multiple cultures, particularly in PJI with unclear microbiological results.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(7):353–361.
Analysis of Water Seepage Mechanism and Study on Mechanical Properties of Highway Tunnel Based on Fluid-Structure Coupling
Authors: Qing Li , Hao Lu
Published: July 2024

Shaoguan was hit by a extremely heavy rainstorm, and the mountain water catchment of Dabaoshan Tunnel in the southern section of Beijing Hong Kong Macao Expressway in Guangdong increased sharply. Due to the rapid rise of groundwater level, water and mud gushed at ZK141+227 of Dabaoshan, and serious water seepage occurred in other areas, bringing soil into the tunnel, which seriously hindered the safe passage of the tunnel. According to the on-site investigation of water and mud gushing, it was found that there were branches sandwiched in the mud gushing out, and at the same time, it was found that there was water leakage at the foot of some walls where drainage holes were added. Based on the fluid structure coupling mechanism, the seepage mechanism of highway tunnels was deeply explored, and the mechanical properties of tunnels under seepage were analyzed through experimental data and numerical simulation. The experimental results show that under the action of seepage, the stress distribution of the tunnel lining changes, and the phenomenon of local stress concentration is obvious. When the seepage pressure reaches 3.5 MPa, cracks appear in the tunnel lining, with a total of 5 cracks. The distribution of cracks is closely related to the seepage field. The numerical simulation further reveals the interaction mechanism between the seepage field and the tunnel structure, confirming the influence of the seepage field on the stability of the tunnel lining. When the seepage pressure increases to 4.0 MPa, the displacement change rate of the tunnel lining reaches 0.3 mm/m, and the maximum lining stress is 15.7 MPa. The purpose of this study is to propose a maintenance plan for highway tunnels to improve their safety. Consider the impact of seepage on tunnel structure and adopt effective waterproofing and drainage design. Further research on the seepage mechanism and tunnel mechanical properties is recommended to provide more reliable theoretical support for engineering applications.
Study on Mechanical Characteristics and Durability of Prestressed Anchorage Structure of Rock and Soil under Fatigue-Corrosion Coupling Action
Authors: Li Ming
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive approach encompassing indoor experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations to investigate the durability of prestressed anchorage structures subjected to fatigue loads and corrosion. The study addresses the critical issue of gradual aging and damage caused by cumulative loads and corrosion, which ultimately leads to a decrement in structural durability. Through a rigorous analysis of the effects of fatigue load and corrosion on the performance of steel bars, numerical simulations were conducted to elucidate the failure mechanisms and variation patterns within the internal anchoring section. After subjecting steel bars to fatigue and corrosion tests for a defined duration, they were systematically categorized and exposed to varying fatigue tensile cycles in diverse acidic and alkaline environments. Employing the PFC2D program, a numerical model of the prestressed anchorage structure under the coupled effects of fatigue load, corrosion, and fatigue load was developed. This model allowed for a comparative analysis of the evolution of shear stress, axial stress, and displacement fields at the bolt-grout interface under two distinct conditions. The findings reveal the microscopic mechanisms underlying bond degradation at the bolt-grout interface under the synergistic impact of fatigue load and corrosion. The proposed methodology and experimental results demonstrate that geotechnical anchoring technology can effectively reinforce up to 70% of geotechnical structures, significantly reducing soil loss by approximately 80%. This research provides valuable insights into the durability of prestressed anchorage structures, paving the way for future improvements and optimizations.
The Brothers in the Praetorium: Syntax and History in Philippians 1:12–14
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: In this article, I reassess the syntax and historical significance of Phil 1:12–14 in light of recent studies reevaluating the provenance of Philippians, the meaning of τὸ πραιτώριον, the circumstances of Paul’s imprisonment, and the identity of the “saints” from “Caesar’s household” mentioned in 4:22. More specifically, I contest the largely unexamined consensus that when Paul speaks of those ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ he refers to persons outside the local Christ group. Instead, I argue, Phil 1:12–14 is concerned throughout with Paul’s perception by local believers. Whatever the unsavory allegations against him, it has become clear, Paul asserts, to those brothers in the praetorium and the rest as well that his chains are defined by their relation to Christ, and this has emboldened many of them in their gospel proclamation.
Robust method for lunar correction of nighttime VIIRS data
Authors: Adabala Sai Sudha , Shanmugam Palanisamy , Theja Abhyuday Suraparaju Bhargava , Banerjee Sandip
Published: July 2024

Moonlight reflection off the surface of ocean water with varying intensities contaminates the water-leaving radiances in night-time optical remote sensing data and hence limits the applicability of water color and other retrieved products. Correcting the moonlight/lunar reflection effects in night-time image data is challenging due to the lack of additional bands and large spatial and intensity variations across the scene. In this study, what we believe to be a novel algorithm is developed to correct night-time satellite measurements of water color for lunar reflections to retrieve water-leaving radiances from VIIRS Day/Night Band measurement data. The proposed algorithm involves correcting both the lunar illumination and lunar specular reflection components of moonlight reflection in VIIRS DNB satellite imagery. The algorithm employs the VIIRS products of single-band night-time radiances and moon illumination fractions for deriving an empirical formulation that relates the moon illumination fraction to the lunar component of radiance. The algorithm with a defined spatial filter, turbidity, and boundary conditions is tested on many night-time satellite image data. Qualitative comparisons with VIIRS Day/Night Band measurements showed that the new algorithm has good consistency in water-leaving radiance retrievals along various phases of the lunar cycle, and is capable of dealing with the dynamic lunar reflection intensities across the VIIRS DNB satellite image. This algorithm corrects the lunar reflection effect independently of ancillary data and simultaneous measurements; thus, it proves a robust tool for realizing the dynamic monitoring and inversion of water ocean color data rapidly.
Microwave quantum illumination: enhanced azimuth detection with cavity magnonics
Authors: Yang Zhongchen , Li Yongqiang , Wang Jie , Zuo Yunlan , Lu Tian-Xiang , Jing Hui , Ren Changliang
Published: July 2024

Most current microwave quantum illumination techniques rely on hybrid quantum systems to detect the presence of targets. However, real-world radar tasks are considerably more intricate than this simplistic model. Accurately determining physical attributes such as object speed, position, and azimuth is also essential. In this study, we explore azimuth detection using a quantum illumination approach based on a cavity-optomagnonics system and analyze the accuracy of azimuth detection in this framework. Our results indicate that this approach significantly outperforms classical microwave radar in azimuth detection within the parameters of current existing experiments. Additionally, we investigate the impact of Kerr nonlinearity of the YIG sphere on azimuth detection accuracy, revealing a clear improvement with the incorporation of Kerr nonlinearity.
Multifunctional and multispectral polarization converter and checkerboard metasurface design with low infrared emissivity
Authors: Wu Wenxing , Chang Qi , Chen Ke , Wang Yan , Ji Jinzu
Published: July 2024

With the continuous development of detection technology, single detection technologies such as radar and infrared (IR) can no longer meet the current detection needs. The design of metamaterials is gradually moving towards multispectral compatible design. In this work, a polarization converter with low IR emissivity and a checkerboard metasurface with radar-IR bi-stealth were proposed. The filling rate of indium-tin-oxide(ITO) is increased to reduce the IR emissivity without affecting the polarization conversion efficiency. In addition, based on the radar cross section (RCS) reduction theory of the checkerboard composed of polarization conversion units, a broadband RCS reduction radar-IR bi-stealth structure is designed and analyzed. A sample was fabricated and the IR and microwave characteristics of the metasurface were measured. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the measurement results. The results show that the polarization conversion rate (PCR) is higher than 90% in the frequency range of 7.98-12.02 GHz, and the axial ratio (AR) is between 0.5 and 2 in the frequency range of 6.92-7.56 GHz and 12.48-15.78 GHz for the proposed polarization converter. The RCS reduction of the checkerboard metasurface exceeded 10 dB in the frequency range of 7.7-11.8 GHz. Meanwhile, the IR emissivity is less than 0.3 in 8-14 µm and the structure exhibits good optical transparency. This indicates the potential application of the proposed structure in multifunctional and multispectral compatible materials.
Practical Considerations for Ultra-Wideband Line System Development
Authors: Larikova Julia
Published: July 2024

With the coherent transmission hitting the Shannon limit and spectral efficiency constrains, it is important to find other ways of extending fiber capacity using new but practical ways. The most realistic way to increase it by using optical line system with SuperC and SuperL amplification and Wavelength selective switches, allowing capacity increase on the order of 30% with a max capacity as high as 100Tbps on a single fiber without the need for novel fiber types

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Structured Light Enhanced Shape Sensing in Multimode Fibers
Authors: Angelucci Sara , Skvarenina Lubomir , Chen Zhaozhong , Valles Adam , Clark Alasdair , Lavery Martin
Published: July 2024

Intermodal coupling and phase noise distorts optical fields as they propagate in fiber, limiting the accuracy of optical sensors. Utilising structured-light illumination and mode-demultiplexing for all-optical feature extraction, machine learning can be used to accurately determine the shape of few or multimode fibers.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Photonic Lanterns, 3-D Waveguides, Multiplane Light Conversion, and Other Components That Enable Space-Division Multiplexing
Authors: Fontaine Nicolas
Published: July 2024

These three spatial mode multiplexing devices have demonstrated capability to combine over 1000 spatial separated beams into spatially overlapped modes with sub dB losses and capability towards mass production. This tutorial will compare the strengths and weaknesses of each device and highlight some of the hero transmission experiments they have enabled.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Keeping up With Moore's Law
Authors: Bechtolsheim Andreas
Published: July 2024

This presentation discusses how Photonics can keep up with Moore's law given that the dimensions of Photonics devices for generating, propagating and modulating light do not benefit from the ever shrinking feature sizes of advanced process technologies.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Probabilistic Shaping for Nonlinearity Mitigation
Authors: Lampe Lutz
Published: July 2024

In its broad application, signal shaping can serve as a method for mitigating nonlinearity in optical fiber communication, complementing established techniques for nonlinearity compensation. We will explore recent findings on widely used probabilistic constellation shaping aimed at minimizing nonlinear effects.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Monolithically Integrated Comb Lasers on Silicon for Optical I/O
Authors: Wang Ting
Published: July 2024

Significant HPC and AI development enable the rising demand of chip-to-chip optical I/O. Monolithically integrated multi-wavelength lasers on silicon integrated with micro-ring modulators are capable of increasing data transmission bandwidth among XPUs, FPGAs and ASICS. Multi-terabit optical data tranmission with on-board optics shall lead to next generation high-performance computing.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
How can Sensing on Telecoms Fibres Bring Revenues to Operators?
Authors: Lord Andrew
Published: July 2024

In this talk, we will assess the potential for fibre sensors to be integrated into operators' telecoms networks. What contributions might they make and with what associated use cases? How can they bring in revenue?

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Optical Architecture and Interconnection for Datacenter Networking and Machine Learning
Authors: Liu Hong
Published: July 2024

The optical layer has evolved rapidly to shape and differentiate compute infrastructure. This tutorial presents an overview and trend of optical architecture and interconnection technologies for datacenter networks and machine learning supercomputers.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Universal and Fault-Tolerant Photonic Quantum Computing
Authors: Vernon Zachary , Morrison Blair
Published: July 2024

Xanadu is developing a universal and fault-tolerant quantum computer using photonic GKP qubits. We will discuss this hardware architecture and the current state of progress towards reaching this goal.

Full-text article not available; see video presentation
Coherent polarization control of terahertz emission from graphene under excitation of two-color co-circularly polarized laser fields
Authors: He Yuhang , Chen Yuxuan , La Xiangyu , Dai Chenyin , Tian Zhen , Dai Jianming
Published: July 2024

Coherent polarization control of terahertz (THz) emission is crucial for applications in the THz field. Here, we demonstrate that the polarization of THz waves emitted from graphene through quantum interference can be coherently controlled by varying the relative phase between the co-circularly polarized laser fields. The polarization state of the THz wave emitted from graphene remains linearly polarized, while its direction can be arbitrarily changed by varying the relative phase. This work not only achieves the coherent polarization control of the THz waves emitted from graphene but also promotes the fundamental research of THz photonics in graphene.
Ultra-narrow-linewidth hybrid-integrated self-injection locked laser at 780  nm
Authors: Prokoshin Artem , Gehl Michael , Madaras Scott , Chow Weng W. , Wan Yating
Published: July 2024

Narrow-linewidth lasers are essential across a wide range of applications, including classical and quantum sensing, trapped ion systems, position/navigation/timing systems, optical clocks, and microwave frequency synthesizers. In the visible and near-visible spectrum, low-noise lasers are particularly important for laser trapping and cooling techniques, which are vital for trapped ion quantum computing, sensing, and atomic clocks. In this context, our work showcases a hybrid-integrated narrow-linewidth laser that operates at 780 nm, achieving a self-heterodyne linewidth of 105 Hz. To validate the experimental results, we performed a numerical analysis that combines insights from a many-body theory applied to the gain region with a travelling-wave model to capture the laser dynamics. Our investigation further delves into how the linewidth of the self-injection locked lasers is influenced by the parameters of micro-ring resonators, aiming to assess the potential for achieving Hz-level integrated laser linewidths at 780 nm. This work not only demonstrates the technical feasibility of Hz-level narrow-linewidth lasers but also lays the groundwork for future explorations in the field.
Navigating vaccination choices: The intersecting dynamics of institutional trust, belonging and message perception among Congolese migrants in London, UK (a reflexive thematic analysis)
Authors: Crawshaw Alison F. , Vandrevala Tushna , Knights Felicity , Deal Anna , Lutumba Laura Muzinga , Nkembi Sarah , Kitoko Lusau Mimi , Hickey Caroline , Forster Alice S. , Hargreaves Sally
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted intersectionally marginalised migrants, revealing systemic disparities in health outcomes and vaccine uptake. Understanding the underlying social and structural factors influencing health behaviours is necessary to develop tailored interventions for migrants, but these factors have been seldom explored. This qualitative study aimed to explore contextual factors shaping COVID-19 vaccination decision-making among Congolese migrants in the UK.A community-based participatory research study was designed and led by a community-academic partnership in London, UK (2021–2022). Peer-led, semi-structured interviews were conducted in Lingala with 32 adult Congolese migrants and explored beliefs, perceptions and lived experiences of migration, healthcare, vaccination and the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflexive thematic analysis generated two themes and a model conceptualising the vaccination decision-making process. Participants and community partners were financially compensated; ethics was granted by the University of London ethics committee (REC: 2021.0128).Participants highlighted the incompatibility of lockdown restrictions with their communal culture, which intensified feelings of exclusion and alienation. Concerns about COVID-19 vaccination were attributed to safety and effectiveness, partly informed by experiences and legacies of racial discrimination and exploitation. Inequality in the pandemic response and COVID-19 outcomes heightened participants’ sense that their views and needs were being overlooked, and government sources and information were perceived as coercive. Our model depicts the interplay between institutional trust, belonging, and message perception, which shaped participants’ vaccination decisions and led to (non-)engagement with COVID-19 vaccination. This research enhances understanding of how social and contextual factors may influence migrants’ engagement with health interventions. It underscores the importance of partnering with migrant communities to understand their needs in context and co-design tailored interventions and inclusive messaging strategies that promote trust and belonging. Implementing systemic changes to address structural inequalities will be crucial to create an environment that supports engagement with health-protective behaviours and enhances health outcomes among migrant communities.
Gynecologic infection rates after ablation treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 and higher (CIN2+): Secondary analysis of a non-inferiority randomized trial
Authors: Masch Rachel , Conzuelo-Rodriguez Gabriel , Mitchell Jameson A. , Alfaro Karla , Soler Montserrat , Chavez Luis F. , Wu Suhui , Sun Jinfen , Hu Longhua , Marinela-Hernandez Dayana , Alonzo Todd A. , Felix Juan C. , Cremer Miriam L.
Published: July 2024

Although concerns have been raised regarding potential infection and morbidity in women undergoing ablation treatment for cervical precancer in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), there is extremely limited data to substantiate this claim. This is a secondary analysis of a randomized non-inferiority trial (id: NCT03084081) that compares the efficacy and safety of three ablation treatments for biopsy-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+): CO2 gas-based cryotherapy, non-gas cryotherapy, and thermal ablation (TA). Here, we present findings regarding the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and vaginitis post-treatment. Samples were collected at enrollment and again at 6 weeks post-treatment and assessed for STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV)) and vaginitis (Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and/or Candida albicans (Candida)). This analysis reflects 864 women with baseline and 6-week follow-up data. None of the ablative treatments put women at increased risk for STIs (CT, NG, TV) or vaginitis (BV, Candida). While most women adhered to post-treatment recommendations (97%) and no difference by treatment arm was observed, the incidence of STIs at follow-up in women that did not adhere with a given recommendation was higher compared to their adherent counterparts. The incidence of gynecologic infection did not increase with any of the ablation treatments from baseline to the six-week follow-up. Non-gas cryotherapy and TA emerge as safe alternatives to gas-based cryotherapy with respect to gynecologic infection rates.
Advanced control of split source inverter through finite control-set model predictive control for improved system performance
Authors: Abdelaleem Ahmed , Ismeil Mohamed A. , Nasrallah M. , Mohamed Essam E. M. , Ali Ahmed Ismail M.
Published: July 2024

Distributed power generation systems may necessitate connecting multiple independent energy sources that employ various converter topologies. A recent development in this field is the emergence of impedance source converters, offering the ability to deliver buck-boost functionality within a single stage. The split-source inverter (SSI) has been introduced as a novel choice in between this family. Many control strategies have emerged for electrical power systems control. Among the recent emerging controllers, model predictive control strategies have become an effective technique for control systems. Model predictive controllers (MPCs) offer a number of features compared to the conventional and counterpart models such as enhanced system response and improved system transients with reduced steady-state error. This research suggests a finite control-set MPC for three-phase single-stage SSI supporting a standalone load for remote area applications. Considering the proposed FCS-MPC, the output load current tracks its reference magnitude with minimized error. In addition, the proposed FCS-MPC enhances the proposed SSI system performance with a settling time of 10 μs, and approximately without overshoot in the output current. The system has been validated using Opal-RT OP-4510 and the power loss model of the inverter has been explained. In the end two comparisons have been presented to clarify the main points in the topology structure and the control technique.
Development of management indicators of nursing for minimizing physical restraints focused on older adult patients hospitalized in acute care settings: A Delphi consensus study
Authors: Minamizaki Maya , Doi Mana , Kanoya Yuka
Published: July 2024

Nursing management activities are important in influencing staff nurses’ action to prevent or withdraw physical restraints. However, limited studies have been conducted empirically to determine the nursing management activities required for minimizing physical restraints. Therefore, there is a need for basic standards of nursing management activities to minimize physical restraints in acute care settings. This study aimed to develop nursing management indicators to minimize physical restraint (MaIN-PR) in hospitalized older adult patients in an acute care setting. It was conducted between June and October 2021 in Japan using a Delphi consensus approach. Fifty nurses working at top or middle management levels or as certified nurse specialists in gerontological nursing enrolled as participants. The potential indicators obtained from the literature review and interviews were organized inductively to develop two types of draft indicators: (1) 35 items for top management and (2) 33 items for middle management. We asked the nursing managers and certified nurse specialists in gerontological nursing to assess the validity of each indicator in three rounds. Of the 50 initial panelists, 12 from top management and 13 from middle management continued till the third round. MaIN-PR contained 35 indicators for top management and 28 indicators for middle management and were classified into the following six metrics: planning, motivating, training, commanding, organizing, and controlling. To the best of our knowledge, the current MaIN-PR are the first set of nursing management indicators for minimizing physical restraint, including perspectives on geriatric nursing in acute care settings. These indicators could guide both top and middle nursing management, thus supporting staff nurses’ judgment in minimizing physical restraints to enhance the quality of older adult patient care.
Dynamic interplay of developing internalising and externalising mental health from early childhood to mid-adolescence: Teasing apart trait, state, and cross-cohort effects
Authors: Katsantonis Ioannis
Published: July 2024

The current study examined the within-child, between-child, and between-cohort effects in the longitudinal relations between and within the internalising and externalising mental health symptoms’ domains. Leveraging the data of 5998 children (ages 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 years; 49% female) from the sequential Growing Up in Australia dual-cohort, multigroup longitudinal measurement invariance, and random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were deployed. Multigroup longitudinal measurement invariance revealed that the measurements of peer problems, emotional symptoms, and hyperactivity were strictly invariant, whereas conduct problems were partially strictly invariant across cohorts over time. The two cohorts did not display significant differences in the structural relations between internalising and externalising mental health symptoms, indicating the stability of the findings. In the internalising symptoms’ domain, moderate to strong reciprocal effects were found from middle childhood onwards. In the externalising symptoms’ domain, the results of reciprocal effects between conduct problems and hyperactivity were mainly not significant. Across domains, the reciprocal associations of emotional symptoms with hyperactivity and conduct problems were sporadic or non-existent. Peer problems were reciprocally associated with conduct problems and hyperactivity from middle childhood onwards. Overall, the findings clearly highlight the interdependence of developing internalising and externalising symptoms and reveal new insights about the early life-course development of internalising and externalising mental health symptoms.