bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ectopic lingual thyroid tissue diagnosed in an elderly patient
Authors: Avcı Merdin Fatma , Araz Mine , Büyükatalay Zahide Çiler , Faik Erdoğan Murat
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Lingual thyroid (LT) is a rare ectopy of the gland characterized by residual thyroid tissue remaining along the thyroglossal duct, due to inability of the gland to descend from the foramen cecum into the lower part of the neck.

Clinical Case

A 65-year-old female patient presented with a long-standing difficulty in swallowing and sensation of a foreign body in the throat. Oropharyngeal examination revealed a well-circumscribed submucosal mass at the base of the tongue. Neck MRI detected 28×25×30 mm, lesion, isointense on T1WI and T2WI, showing prominent and homogeneous contrast enhancement located at the base of tongue, midline at the level of the vallecula, and narrowing towards the oropharynx anteriorly. Since normal thyroid tissue was not observed in the thyroid bed, the mass was suspected to be an ectopic lingual thyroid tissue. Tc99m pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy revealed focal involvement at the base of the tongue rather than its anatomical region, confirming the diagnosis of LT. Thyroid function tests showed; serum TSH level of 4.25 mU/L (normal range: 0.27–4.20), free T4 12.1 pmol/L (11–22), free T3 4.1 pmol/ L (3.1–6.8), Anti-TPO <0.9 IU/ml, Anti-Tg: 14.9 IU/ml(0–115).Since the patient had difficulty swallowing, Levothyroxine was considered to be insufficient and time-consuming, surgical intervention was planned as a permanent solution. After surgical treatment, LT4 replacement was initiated, and the pathology confirmed normal thyroid tissue. The patient is being followed up with LT4 replacement therapy.

Lingual thyroid (LT) is the most frequent ectopic location of the thyroid gland, its prevalence ranges between 1/100000 and 1/300000 being seven times more common in women. While the ectopy is often diagnosed at an early age, it may present at any age from birth to senility. Patients with ectopic LT are usually asymptomatic, hypothyroidism has been reported in 33% to 62% of patients. In proportion to the size of the lingual thyroid tissue, it can also cause complaints such as dysphonia, dysphagia, respiratory distress, foreign body sensation in the throat. Diagnosed with ectopic LT tissue at an advanced age, our patient had complaints of long-standing difficulty in swallowing solid foods, but hypothyroidism was not detected. After ENT examination, the diagnosis was confirmed by technetium (Tc99m) pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy. Treatment of ectopic LT is either surgical or medical, depending on the size of the mass and patient's signs and symptoms. Ectopic lingual thyroid gland should always be considered, for the midline lesions, especially at the base of the tongue. Detailed assessment should be conducted to conclusively rule out obstruction and malignancy where the surgery is indicated. Levothyroxine could be a good solution for smaller, well defined benign lesions, which may stay stable or reduce in size under treatment.
Severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with diffuse toxic goitre
Authors: Vudu Stela , Hinculov Cezara , Gonta Veronica , Vudu Lorina
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Diffuse toxic goitre is an autoimmune disorder with a marked prevalence in women. Thrombocytopenia may coexist with diffuse toxic goitre. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of decline in platelet count alongside with autoimmune thyroid disease have not been extensively investigated.

Clinical Case

A case of diffuse toxic goitre is reported in a 55-year-old man who has been receiving continuous treatment with methimazole for 7 years. The physical examination revealed an asthenic man, with an enlarged thyroid gland, inactive bilateral orbitopathy and multiple ecchymosis, but no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory analysis revealed suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 0.01 mlU/ml, normal free T4 level 21.60 pmol/l, increased free T3 6.99 pmol/l and thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) level of 23.60 IU/L. Complete blood count revealed severely decreased platelets 3×10^9 / l, decreased hemoglobin 110.00 g/l and hematocrit 21.90%, normal leucocytes 9.58×10^9/l, low prothrombin Index 11% and International normalized ratio (INR) 7.00. Additional serological investigations excluded HIV infection and C viral hepatitis. The bone marrow aspiration disclosed a rich cellular and polymorph marrow, an increased number of megakaryocytes suggesting that the thrombocytopenia is due to platelet destruction. The patient has recovered from viral pneumonia caused by SARS-COV-2, 1 month prior to the medical consultation. He received platelet transfusion and was started on 1 mg/kg oral prednisolone followed by a gradual taper and improvement of platelet count.

Thrombocytopenia observed in diffuse toxic goitre may be mediated by both metabolic and immunological phenomena. In our case, the following causes may be considered: (1) an overlapping autoimmune process; (2) methimazole creating destructive antibodies; (3) COVID-19 disease. An autoimmune process is capable of triggering both conditions by activation of the reticuloendothelial system by thyroid hormones along with a cross-reaction between thyroid antibodies and platelet epitopes. Methimazole generates a drug-dependent immune response against platelets, involving platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules and thus provoking thrombocytopenia. SARS-CoV-2 can induce thrombocytopenia by increasing the number of autoantibodies and immune complexes that destroy platelets. Lung damage by decreasing pulmonary capillary bed and platelet aggregation in the lungs indirectly leads to a reduced number of circulatory platelets.

Conclusion

Severe thrombocytopenia was detected in a patient with Grave's disease, in whom the number of platelets was 50 times below the lower limit of the reference range. Coexistence of thrombocytopenia may be explained by (1) an overlapping autoimmune process; (2) the effect of methimazole; (3) its occurrence or aggravation secondary to COVID-19.
Differentiating active from Inactive Sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis by combination of DWI and Magnetization Transfer Imaging
Authors: Ning Qiuping , Fan Tiebing , Ren Hua , Ye Huiyi , Wang Wensheng
Published: January 2023

Objectives: To evaluate lesions of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) by combination of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetization transfer (MT).

Methods: A retrospective study was used in this study. Forty-nine ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients admitted to The China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiyuan Hospital from May 2020 to October 2020 were collected into active and inactive groups. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were recruited. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for bone marrow edema (BME), sclerosis area, fat deposit area, and normal-appearing bone marrow (NABM) (both patients and healthy volunteers) and the magnetization transfer (MT) rate of the cartilage (MTRc) were analyzed in the groups. The above five parameters (ADC (NABM), ADC (BME) and ADC (fat deposit) and MTRc) between the active group and the inactive group were compared. The effectiveness of each parameter in diagnosing sacroiliac arthritis of ankylosing spondylitis were analyzed, and the predictive value of the parameters was compared.

Results: ADC(BME), ADC(NABM) and MTRc showed statistically significant differences between the active and inactive groups (P <0.05). ADC (BME) and ADC (NABM) could predict the activity of AS sacroiliac arthritis (P <0.01). ADC (NABM) and MTRc were significantly different between healthy volunteers and the active group (P <0.01). The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of ADC (BME)_ADC(NABM), ADC(NABM)_MTR, and ADC(BME)_MTRc were 0.885 (cut-off value=0.69), 0.849 (cut-off value=0.56) and 0.864 (cut-off value=0.60), respectively. The predictive ability of the combined index ADC (BME)_MTRc and ADC(NABM)_MTRc was increased.

Conclusion: The ability to diagnose and predict AS might be improved by the combination of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and magnetization transfer (MT).

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6094

How to cite this: Ning Q, Fan T, Ren H, Ye H, Wang W. Differentiating active from Inactive Sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis by combination of DWI and Magnetization Transfer Imaging. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6094

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Complete Kawasaki disease after COVID-19 infection in an infant
Authors: Tahir Maliha , Mehmood Ramlah , Ahmad Mirza Sultan
Published: January 2023

Kawasaki disease is a generalized systemic vasculitis that affects blood vessels throughout the body. The aetiology of Kawasaki disease is still unknown but is thought to be related to the combined effects of the immune response, genetic susceptibility, and infections including COVID-19. In this case report, we present a seven months old male infant who presented to us with fever, swollen lips, ulcers in the mouth, enlarged tonsils, strawberry tongue, conjunctivitis and generalised non-blanchable maculopapular rash. The detailed workup fulfilled the criteria of Kawasaki disease. The COVID-19 IgM antibodies were positive. The patient was treated with IV Immunoglobulins, IV methylprednisolone and Aspirin. The repeat echocardiography on six weeks follow-up turned out normal. In conclusion, there should be a high index of suspicion of Kawasaki disease while evaluating pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection so that timely intervention can be made to prevent complications. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between Kawasaki Disease and COVID-19 infection.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6359

How to cite this: Tahir M, Mehmood R, Ahmad MS. Complete Kawasaki disease after COVID-19 infection in an infant. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6359

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of Ranibizumab combined with laser photocoagulation on macular volume and best corrected visual acuity in patients with macular edema secondary to ischemic retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Liang Jing , Xiong Ting , Chen Huiqiong , Tao Ran , Cao Liping
Published: January 2023

Objective: To investigate the effects of ranibizumab combined with laser photocoagulation on macular volume and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with macular edema secondary to ischemic retinal vein occlusion.

Methods: The clinical data of 90 patients (90 eyes) with macular edema secondary to ischemic retinal vein occlusion treated in our hospital from June 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into Groups-A, B, and C according to the type of treatment they received. The Group-A was treated with laser photocoagulation, the Group-B was intravitreally injected with ranibizumab, and the Group-C underwent ranibizumab combined with laser photocoagulation. The efficacy, intraocular pressure, BCVA, central macular thickness (CMT) and adverse reactions were compared among the three groups.

Results: The total efficacy of the Group-C was higher than that of the Group-A and B, with statistically significant differences (P< 0.05). Three months after treatment, BCVA was higher while CMT was reduced in the Group-C than those in the Group-A and B (P < 0.05). Six months after treatment, BCVA was higher while intraocular pressure was lower and CMT was thinner in the group C compared with the Group-A and B (P< 0.05).

Conclusions: Ranibizumab combined with laser photocoagulation in the treatment of macular edema secondary to ischemic retinal vein occlusion presents significant efficacy, and can effectively reduce macular volume, improve visual acuity and promote the recovery of retinal function.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7040

How to cite this: Liang J, Xiong T, Chen H, Tao R, Cao L. Effects of Ranibizumab combined with laser photocoagulation on macular volume and best corrected visual acuity in patients with macular edema secondary to ischemic retinal vein occlusion. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7040

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Maternal and perinatal outcome of Ramadan fasting in women with gestational diabetes
Authors: Abdullah Saba , Shumaila  , Mughal Saba , Samuel Mahwish , Hossain Nazli
Published: January 2023

Objective: To compare maternal and perinatal outcome of Ramadan fasting during pregnancy in women with/without gestational diabetes.

Methods: This prospective case-control study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Unit 1 Ruth PKM Civil Hospital & Dow Medical College and Holy Family Hospital, Karachi during 1st April to 31st July, 2022. In this study normoglycemic pregnant women and those identified as gestational diabetes(n=52) on oral glucose tolerance test, who fasted during Ramadan were included. Women, on diet control or diet plus metformin were included in the study. Study questionnaire included demographic details, days of fasting, self-reported hypoglycemic episodes. Maternal outcomes included preterm birth, pregnancy induced hypertension. Perinatal outcome included hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, weight of placenta, and apgar score.

Result: Eighty two women were included in the study, gestational diabetes (n=57) and normoglycemic (n=25). Average days of fasting were 16 ±9.0 days (range 5-30). Women with GDM were older (28.6 vs. 26.0 years, p-value=0.034), had raised levels of HbA1c (5.5 vs. 5.1, p-value=0.004), mean FBS (102.8 vs. 84.6 mg/dl, p-value <0.001), mean RBS (135.3 vs. 106.4 mg/dl, p-value <0.001) and had higher BMI at delivery (31.0 vs. 26.6 kg/m2, p-value=0.004). HbA1c (p-value=0.016) and head circumference of baby (p-value=0.038) were found lower in the group who fasted for more than 20 days among normoglycemic pregnant women. No other maternal and neonatal outcomes were found to be significantly affected by Ramadan fasting among pregnant women with/without GDM.

Conclusion: Gestational diabetes do not affect maternal and perinatal outcome among pregnant women.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7332

How to cite this: Abdullah S, Shumaila, Mughal S, Samuel M, Hossain N. Maternal and perinatal outcome of Ramadan fasting in women with gestational diabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.7332

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF PORTAL HEMODYNAMICS IN RATS
Authors: Andreeva Irina V. , Telia Vladimir D.
Published: January 2023

Purpose. To determine the indicators of portal hemodynamics in laboratory rats of different genders and ages based on the features of ultrasound scanning of the portal vein.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 60 mongrel rats of both sexes weighing 120-270 g. The first group included 20 rats aged 1 month, the second – 20 rats aged 6-12 months and the third – 20 rats aged more than 18-24 months. The study of qualitative and quantitative indicators of portal hemodynamics was performed using ultrasound scanners with zoletil-xylazine anesthesia. Statistical analysis was performed using the application package Statistica 13.0 (StatSoft, USA).

Results. The spectrum of blood flow in the portal vein of rats was unidirectional (monophasic), located above or below the isoline, with oscillations of the curve having a relationship with respiration. A clear dependence of blood flow fluctuations in the portal vein on cardiac activity has not been established. The diameter (by 15.4%, R= 0.64), the cross-sectional area (by 40%, R=0.68) and the maximum linear velocity of blood flow (by 1.2%, R=-0.09) in the portal vein increased with an increase in the age of the animals. The minimum linear velocity of blood flow decreased (by 32.2%, R =-0.05), which indicated an increase in the systolic-diastolic coefficient (an increase in the pulsativity of the flow). The indicator of the volumetric blood flow rate in the portal vein increased by 11.1% (R=0.06), and in relation to body weight decreased in elderly animals (by 11.5%, R=-0.05).

Conclusion. A moderate increase in volumetric blood flow in the portal vein (by 11.1%) with a pronounced increase in body weight (by 34.9%) was found with an increase in the age of animals. The perspective of further research is to study the functional reserve of the liver in the age aspect.
REGULARITIES ANALYSIS OF THE LINEAR EROSION DEVELOPMENT IN RIVER BASINS IN THE SOUTH OF THE CENTRAL RUSSIAN HILL WITH THE USE OF GIS
Authors: Pavlyuk Yaroslava V. , Sablina Olga M. , Smirnova Stanislava B. , Gladkaya Kristina A.
Published: January 2023

Significant areas of the country’s territories are suffering erosion processes due to the increased anthropogenic load. Belgorod region territories are included. This fact makes the reason to the present study for the spatial and temporal patterns analysis of the linear erosion development. The analysis is needed to access the potential territory resistance to the erosion processes within the framework of the basin concept in the South of the Central Russian Upland. The spatial distribution analysis of erosional forms in the study area makes it possible to identify patterns of distribution and assess the possible development of erosion processes. Geoinformation modeling is used to maintain the study in conjunction with natural methods for studying the linear development of the erosion network.

During the research, the methods of thematic processing of space images, geospatial analysis, GIS modeling, comparative geographic, the method of analogies, landscape planning, as well as methods of statistical and mathematical data processing were used.

The study has revealed the fact, that territories with a high erosion density and a low share of the river density is characterized with the high ravine network density with a low density of ravines. Though, territories with low erosion density and a more developed river network are characterized by a decrease in the ravine network density; territories with a high erosion density are characterized with a weak development of upper link and the predominance of lower link of watercourses in the river network structure. Then, most basins with low ravine network density are significantly dissected in the upper and middle links of the river network. Establishing the regularity of the erosion forms distribution made it possible to assess the territory resistance of the erosion processes, as well as predict and analyze the need for anti-erosion measures.
PATHOCOMPLEX OF PATHOGENIC FUNGUS IN TABLE CARROT AND RHIZOSPHERE DEPENDING ON A GROWING REGION
Authors: Sokolova Lyubov M. , Beloshapkina Olga О. , Rubtsov Alexander A.
Published: January 2023

In the pathocomplex of any agricultural crop, there are different micromycetes, the composition of which varies depending on weather and climatic conditions, seasonal changes. The fungus A. dauci (J. G. Kühn) Groves et Skolko is one of the most harmful pathogens on table carrots, affecting leaves, petioles, and stems. A. radicina Meier, Drechsler et E. D. Eddy damages carrot root crops during storage, causing a hard rot, coal-black, sharply delimited from healthy tissue.

These pathogens occur everywhere and simultaneously; n addition, the optimal conditions for the development of both pathogens are similar. Yield losses from Аlternariа can reach 40–99 %. The complex of fungal species of the genus Fusarium is a ubiquitous soil pathogen of agricultural crops with a wide phylogenetic and ontogenetic specialization, which causes destructive vascular wilting, rot, and necrosis.

The most common are F. oxysporum and F. avenaceum, the latter can also exist as a saprotroph. As a result of the work done, the released mycelium for drawing up the palette is described. It was revealed that the colonies of fungi with light-colored mycelium (54.8%) were larger in the samples from the Voronezh region, which were based on species of the genus Fusarium. In the Moscow region with sufficient moisture, isolates of fungi with light-colored mycelium slightly dominated (43.7 %). In the Rostov region, the frequency of occurrence of isolates of fungi with dark-colored mycelium was on average 58.1%, dominated by fungi of the genus Alternaria.
Non-pharmacological intervention in the treatment of insomnia – the efficacy of weighted blankets
Authors: Sroczyńska Monika , Luchowska Anna , Żaczek Aleksandra
Published: January 2023

Introduction
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, or getting restful sleep. Research suggests that 30-50% of adults experience sleep problems. Chronic lack of sleep has been linked to a range of negative health outcomes, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease and increased mortality. One promising non-pharmacological treatment for sleep issues is the use of weighted blankets. Weighted blankets provide deep pressure stimulation that can relax the body and promote sleep, making them a useful tool for people with insomnia.
 
Aim of the study
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of weighted blankets as a non-pharmacologic intervention for treating insomnia.
 
Materials and methods
A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Articles were searched in English using the following key words: weighted blankets; insomnia; sleep.
 
Results
Weighted blankets resulted in significant improvements in Insomnia Severity Scale scores. The blankets made it easier to fall asleep, improved sleep quality and provided a higher level of rest in the morning. They also reduced stress levels while falling asleep and increased feelings of relaxation. There was an increase in daytime activity levels and a reduction in daytime fatigue symptoms observed. The use of weighted blankets improved daytime functioning and reduced the consumption of sleep medications in people with psychiatric comorbidities who suffered from insomnia. No negative effects on vital signs or serious side effects were found.
 
Conclusions
Findings indicate that weighted blankets are an effective, safe and clinically meaningful treatment for insomnia.
Chicken Enterococcus faecalis-induced immunoglobulin Y as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against streptococcosis in red tilapia (Oreochromis hybrid)
Authors: Rizkiantino Rifky , Pasaribu Fachriyan Hasmi , Soejoedono Retno Damajanti , Arnafia Wyanda , Reisinta Dinda , Yadiansyah Rifaldi Iqbal , Halalludin Beni , Ardini Yunita , Khanaria Granita , Wibawan I Wayan Teguh
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim: Streptococcosis is a common bacterial disease in red tilapia, in which Enterococcus faecalis infection has not been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pellets that contain chicken E. faecalis-induced immunoglobulin Y (IgY) to treat and prevent streptococcosis in red tilapia.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a 28-day study for immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy, each using four groups with two replications: Healthy control fish (KS), non-IgY pellets (PA and TA), pellets with 25% egg yolk containing E. faecalis-induced IgY (PB and TB), and pellets with 50% egg yolk containing E. faecalis-induced IgY(PC and TC). Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on prototype pellets produced with an IgY suspension at 1.63 mg/mL as the standard optical density curve. For the immunoprophylaxis study, pellets of 3% of the average body weight of the experimental fish (0.50 g per fish per day) were given daily until day 14 before the challenge test with E. faecalis (2.1 × 109 Colony-forming unit/mL peroral) on day 15. The data from the observation period on days 15–28 were analyzed. For the immunotherapy study, pellets of 3% of the average body weight (0.50 g per fish per day) were given daily for 21 days (days 8–28) 7 day spost-infection. The data from the immunotherapy study were collected during the observation period on days 8–28. Statistical analysis was performed on non-specific immune variables: Total leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, phagocytic activity, and macrophage capacity; and the semi-quantitative distribution of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) in the lymphoid organs, such as spleen and liver. Photomacrographic data were analyzed descriptively and qualitatively by comparing the healing process and clinical signs found between experiments in the immunotherapy study.

Results: The pellet with 50% egg yolk with an IgY at 2.43 mg/g pellet, 3% of body weight once daily, was the best formula on experimental fish. The administration of this formulation can also increase non-specific immunity and the distribution of MMCs in the spleen and liver with a survival rate of 55% for 14 days of challenge period in the immunoprophylaxis study and 70% for 21 days of therapy period in the immunotherapy study.

Conclusion: Immunoglobulin Y can be a prophylactic and therapeutic agent against streptococcal infections caused E. faecalis in red tilapia with an optimum dosage of 2.43 mg/g pellet.
Antiprotozoal activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf and Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Kart extracts against Blastocystis hominis
Authors: Kaewjai Chalermpon , Tonsomboon Aunchalee , Pawiwongchai Jaturawat , Prommano Oranan
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim: Blastocystis hominis is an intestinal protozoan in humans and animals. The parasite causes mild-to-severe intestinal complications, such as diarrhea, in healthy humans and immunocompromised hosts. This study aimed to determine the antiprotozoal activity of Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf and Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Kart extracts against B. hominis.

Materials and Methods: Antiprotozoal activity of B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts against B. hominis subtype 3 was determined using the erythrosin B exclusion assay, confirmed by a time-kill study. The morphology of the parasite treated with the extracts was observed by a scanning electron microscope. The phytochemicals present in B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.

Results: Both B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts demonstrated strong antiprotozoal activity with similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5 μg/mL. At 4× MIC and 8× MIC, both B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts, and metronidazole inhibited the growth of B. hominis by up to 90% after 12 h treatment. Blastocystis hominis cells treated with B. rotunda extract, G. lucidum extract, and metronidazole were deformed and withered when compared with the control. Geraniol and versalide were found as the main compounds in B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts, respectively.

Conclusion: These results indicate the potential medicinal benefits of B. rotunda and G. lucidum extracts in the growth inhibition of B. hominis.
Influence of age at slaughter and sex on carcass characteristics and technological and sensory quality of Goliath chicken meat
Authors: Ahokpossi A. G. A. Christie , Bonou A. Gabriel , Tona Kokou , Youssao Abdou Karim Issaka , Ameyapoh Yaovi
Published: January 2023

Background and Aim: The Goliath chicken is a slow-growing chicken with a high slaughter weight but whose carcass characteristics and meat quality have not yet been documented. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of age at slaughter and sex on the carcass characteristics and technological and sensory meat quality of Goliath chickens raised in southern Benin.

Materials and Methods: Data on the carcass characteristics and technological and sensory quality of meat were collected from 80 chickens raised in confinement and divided into two groups. The first group was reared for 12 weeks of age and the second group was for 20 weeks of age. The animals were individually weighed using an electronic balance (Terraillon 5000g) and then slaughtered. The different parts of the chicken carcass was weighed using the same method.

Results: The live, hot carcass, cold carcass, wing, thigh, and tail weights of males were significantly greater than those of females (p < 0.01). The wishbone muscle and thigh and tail assembly pH was lower in the 20-week-old chickens than in the 12-week-old chickens. The brightness and red index of the wishbone of the 20-week-old chickens were significantly higher than those of the 12-week-old chickens (p < 0.001). The red index of the wishbone and the yellow index of the thigh and tail assembly of females were lower than those of males.

Conclusion: The meat of 20-week-old Goliath chickens was juicier than that of 12-week-old chickens. Thus, the carcass composition of Goliath chickens is better at 20 weeks of age, especially in males.
Short-term and Long-term Outcomes of a Disruption and Disconnection of the Pancreatic Duct in Necrotizing Pancreatitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study in 896 Patients
Authors: Timmerhuis Hester C. , van Dijk Sven M. , Hollemans Robbert A. , Sperna Weiland Christina J. , Umans Devica S. , Boxhoorn Lotte , Hallensleben Nora H. , van der Sluijs Rogier , Brouwer Lieke , van Duijvendijk Peter , Kager Liesbeth , Kuiken Sjoerd , Poley Jan-Werner , de Ridder Rogier , Römkens Tessa E.H. , Quispel Rutger , Schwartz Matthijs P. , Tan Adriaan C.I.T.L. , Venneman Niels G. , Vleggaar Frank P. , van Wanrooij Roy L.J. , Witteman Ben J. , van Geenen Erwin J. , Molenaar I. Quintus , Bruno Marco J. , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Besselink Marc G. , Voermans Rogier P. , Bollen Thomas L. , Verdonk Robert C. , van Santvoort Hjalmar C. ,   for the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Necrotizing pancreatitis may result in a disrupted or disconnected pancreatic duct (DPD) with the potential for long-lasting negative impact on a patient's clinical outcome. There is a lack of detailed data on the full clinical spectrum of DPD, which is critical for the development of better diagnostic and treatment strategies.

METHODS:

We performed a long-term post hoc analysis of a prospectively collected nationwide cohort of 896 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis (2005–2015). The median follow-up after hospital admission was 75 months (P25–P75: 41–151). Clinical outcomes of patients with and without DPD were compared using regression analyses, adjusted for potential confounders. Predictive features for DPD were explored.

RESULTS:

DPD was confirmed in 243 (27%) of the 896 patients and resulted in worse clinical outcomes during both the patient's initial admission and follow-up. During hospital admission, DPD was associated with an increased rate of new-onset intensive care unit admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62–3.93), new-onset organ failure (aOR 2.26; 95% CI 1.45–3.55), infected necrosis (aOR 4.63; 95% CI 2.87–7.64), and pancreatic interventions (aOR 7.55; 95% CI 4.23–13.96). During long-term follow-up, DPD increased the risk of pancreatic intervention (aOR 9.71; 95% CI 5.37–18.30), recurrent pancreatitis (aOR 2.08; 95% CI 1.32–3.29), chronic pancreatitis (aOR 2.73; 95% CI 1.47–5.15), and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency (aOR 1.63; 95% CI 1.05–2.53). Central or subtotal pancreatic necrosis on computed tomography (OR 9.49; 95% CI 6.31–14.29) and a high level of serum C-reactive protein in the first 48 hours after admission (per 10-point increase, OR 1.02; 95% CI 1.00–1.03) were identified as independent predictors for developing DPD.

DISCUSSION:

At least 1 of every 4 patients with necrotizing pancreatitis experience DPD, which is associated with detrimental, short-term and long-term interventions, and complications. Central and subtotal pancreatic necrosis and high levels of serum C-reactive protein in the first 48 hours are independent predictors for DPD.
Molecular Characteristics of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer According to Detailed Anatomical Locations: Comparison With Later-Onset Cases
Authors: Ugai Tomotaka , Haruki Koichiro , Harrison Tabitha A. , Cao Yin , Qu Conghui , Chan Andrew T. , Campbell Peter T. , Akimoto Naohiko , Berndt Sonja , Brenner Hermann , Buchanan Daniel D. , Chang-Claude Jenny , Fujiyoshi Kenji , Gallinger Steven J. , Gunter Marc J. , Hidaka Akihisa , Hoffmeister Michael , Hsu Li , Jenkins Mark A. , Milne Roger L. , Moreno Victor , Newcomb Polly A. , Nishihara Reiko , Pai Rish K. , Sakoda Lori C. , Slattery Martha L. , Sun Wei , Amitay Efrat L. , Alwers Elizabeth , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Toland Amanda E. , Van Guelpen Bethany , Woods Michael O. , Zaidi Syed H. , Potter John D. , Giannakis Marios , Song Mingyang , Nowak Jonathan A. , Phipps Amanda I. , Peters Ulrike , Ogino Shuji
Published: January 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Early-onset colorectal cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years has been increasing. Likely reflecting the pathogenic role of the intestinal microbiome, which gradually changes across the entire colorectal length, the prevalence of certain tumor molecular characteristics gradually changes along colorectal subsites. Understanding how colorectal tumor molecular features differ by age and tumor location is important in personalized patient management.

METHODS:

Using 14,004 cases with colorectal cancer including 3,089 early-onset cases, we examined microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and KRAS and BRAF mutations in carcinomas of the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum and compared early-onset cases with later-onset cases.

RESULTS:

The proportions of MSI-high, CIMP-high, and BRAF-mutated early-onset tumors were lowest in the rectum (8.8%, 3.4%, and 3.5%, respectively) and highest in the ascending colon (46% MSI-high; 15% CIMP-high) or transverse colon (8.6% BRAF-mutated) (all P
trend <0.001 across the rectum to ascending colon). Compared with later-onset tumors, early-onset tumors showed a higher prevalence of MSI-high status and a lower prevalence of CIMP-high status and BRAF mutations in most subsites. KRAS mutation prevalence was higher in the cecum compared with that in the other subsites in both early-onset and later-onset tumors (P < 0.001). Notably, later-onset MSI-high tumors showed a continuous decrease in KRAS mutation prevalence from the rectum (36%) to ascending colon (9%; P
trend <0.001), followed by an increase in the cecum (14%), while early-onset MSI-high cancers showed no such trend.

DISCUSSION:

Our findings support biogeographical and pathogenic heterogeneity of colorectal carcinomas in different colorectal subsites and age groups.
INVESTIGATION OF THE INTERACTION OF LEAD-SILICATE GLASSES WITH BARIUM HYDROXIDE
Authors: Ashkhotov O. G. , Ashkhotova I. B.
Published: January 2023

The effect of alkaline treatment on the destruction process and some surface characteristics of mechanically processed glass discs of lead-silicate glasses C87-2 and C78-4 has been studied.
It is shown that the interaction of these glasses with barium hydroxide leads to the removal of silicic acid from the gel surface, which in turn improves the water wettability and optical transparency of the glasses. It is proposed in the production technology of electric vacuum devices, where lead-silicate glasses are used, to use washing with barite water for rapid coagulation of silica gel, which eliminates the appearance of foreign particles on the surface of the glasses.
CERAMIC TILE BASED ON LOCAL HYDROMICA CLAY AND PEGMATITE DUST REMOVAL WASTE
Authors: Ilyina V. P.
Published: January 2023

The goal of the present contribution is to study the possible use of local clay of hydromica type for facing tile production. Pegmatite dust removal waste from the Chupa Milling and Dressing Factory was added as flux to the clay. Mineralogical, chemical and grain-size analyses of the clay and waste were performed. The mineral composition of the waste and clay were analyzed using the laboratory equipment of the Analytical Centre at the Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, RAS. Experimental samples of ceramic tile were produced and the physico-mechanical properties of the products were assessed. The ceramics produced can be used for facing walls and furnaces. Local clay of hydromica type and pegmatite dust removal waste can be used to increase the mechanical bending strength and heat resistance of facing tiles, to decrease their thermal conductivity in comparison with samples containing clay, kaolin, feldspar and lime and to contribute to pegmatite waste utilization.
CERAMICS BASED ON FLUORINATED TALC
Authors: Sharafeev S. M. , Vereschagin V. I. , Mezhenin A. V.
Published: January 2023

A dense-sintered protoenstatite ceramics based on fluorinated talc was obtained. Influence of BaO and Al2O3 additives on the sinterability, structure and strength of ceramics was investigated. It makes possible to reduce the sintering temperature to 1225 – 1250 °C due to formation of glassy phase. Additive of ZnO intensifies solid phase sintering at 1320 °C.
It significantly improves compressive strength of ceramics up to 660 MPa that exceeds the strength of traditional steatite materials by 3 times.
SYNTHESIS OF Bi2NiTa2O9 WITH A PYROCHLORE-TYPE STRUCTURE
Authors: Muraviev V. A. , Makeev B. A. , Krzhizhanovskaya M. G. , Korolev R. I. , Zhuk N. A.
Published: January 2023

Nickel pyrochlore of the composition Bi2NiTa2O9 was synthesized by the solid-phase reaction method (sp. gr. Fd-3m, a = 10.5238 Å). The process of phase formation of nickel-containing bismuth tantalate Bi2NiTa2O9 with a pyrochlore structure is investigated. The pyrochlore phase synthesis reaction is described by the interaction of orthorhombic bismuth orthotantalate and nickel oxide. Synthesis proceeds mainly at temperatures above 900 °С. The duration of calcination of the preparations leads to the coalescence of grains with the formation of larger particles.
The calcination temperature did not significantly affect the microstructure of the samples. The samples are characterized by a porous dendritic microstructure with a grain size of 0.5 – 1.0 µm. The optimal conditions for obtaining pure pyrochlore can be considered a temperature of 1050 °С and calcination time of 15 hours.
THE USE OF TECHNOGENIC METALLURGICAL RAW MATERIALS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC MATERIALS WITH AN ANORTHITE PHASE
Authors: Semenovykh M. A. , Skripnikova N. K. , Volokitin O. G. , Shekhovtsov V. V.
Published: January 2023

Studies have been carried out on the topic of obtaining ceramic materials for construction purposes with an anorthite phase. Clay and blast-furnace gas cleaning sludge were used as raw materials. The chemical compositions of raw materials for their use in the production of ceramic products have been studied. The calcium- and iron-containing compounds included in the composition of the gas cleaning sludge contribute to a decrease in the temperature of the formation of solid solutions and the anorthite phase. It has been established that with the addition of sludge up to 80 wt.% into the composition of the ceramic mixture increases the likelihood of an anorthite phase formation. The physico-mechanical parameters of the obtained ceramic samples have been studied. It has been established that the amount of gas cleaning sludge in the composition of the charge is 10 – 40 wt.% allows to obtain products with compressive strength 18 % higher than the control sample. The improvement in physical and mechanical properties is associated with an increase in the amount of the formed anorthite phase, which is confirmed by the data of X-ray phase analysis.
THE ROLE OF SPERM SEDIMENT CYTOLOGY IN NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSTICS OF SEMINOMA. CASE REPORT
Authors: Sapozhkova Z. Y. , Nikanorova A. V. , Patsap O. I. , Pochernikov D. G. , Kovalchuk E. N.
Published: January 2023

Testicular neoplasms cause diagnostic difficulties for clinical and laboratory diagnostics in young and middle-aged men.
Seminoma refers to germ-cell tumors (GCTs) and is the most common cancer of this localization. But the timely and correct diagnostics by non-invasive technologies is still difficult. The clinical case clarifies the innovative techniques by Sperm.
Sediment Cytology (SSC) as the non-invasive diagnostic approach resulting in excellent tumor cells detection. While a non-invasive conventional diagnostics and laboratory examination are of low diagnostic value this method can help oncologists and urologists for a confident judgment about the nature of the process and the timely choice of further treatment tactics.
MENINGOANGIOMATOSIS AND ANGIOMATOUS MENINGIOMA: QUIZ IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. A SERIES OF CASES
Authors: Nikanorova A. V. , Patsap O. I. , Grigoriev I. V. , Melchenko S. A. , Senko I. V. , Balgishieva R. A. , Smirnova M. A.
Published: January 2023

Meningoangiomatosis is a rare benign lesion characterized by proliferation of blood vessels and meningothelial cells, often fusiform, which is sometimes accompanied by cortical dysplasia. Proliferation of vascular cells, pronounced cellularity and reactive gliosis may be misdiagnosed by a pathologist as invasive angiomatous meninigioma, which may lead to the postoperative radiation therapy. Immunohistochemical examination can help in the differentiation and exclusion of other diseases, such as meningioma and schwannoma. There are certain histopathological and clinical features of angiomatous meningioma, i.e. meningiomas whose vascular component exceeds 50 % of the total tumor area. Accurate differential diagnosis of meningoangiomatosis and angiomatous meningioma is important, since the correct recognition of pathology will not lead to overly aggressive postoperative treatment, as radiation therapy or chemotherapeutic treatment as in the case of meningioma.
TERRITORIAL CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTION
Authors: Gorelikova E. V.
Published: January 2023

The results of an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of meningococcal infection in the population of the Perm Region are presented. The analysis of the incidence of meningococcal infection taking into account the gender trait was carried out. The socio-age risk groups, the structure of clinical forms of meningococcal infection, serogroup characteristics of laboratory-confirmed cases, mortality from meningococcal infection were determined.
MANAGERIAL PROFESSIONALISM OF A PHARMACY’S MANAGER: THE CRITERIA OF EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Razdorskaya I. M.
Published: January 2023

The methodological and practical foundations of forming a pharmacy’s manager managerial professionalism are presented. The relevance of research is substantiated, and the historical aspects of the origin of the institute of management in the context of managerial revolutions are analyzed.
The activity of a pharmacy’s manager as a significant participant in the socially significant activity of an organization providing pharmaceutical care is analyzed. The degree of the manager’s compliance with the requirements imposed on him is different. The qualitatively determined degrees of the manager’s compliance with the requirements of professional activity are the levels of his professionalism. Two levels of professionalism are defined: the level of solving managerial tasks, which are algorithmized activities, which a manager can solve using management technologies known to him; and the level of solving managerial, non-programmed problems, and the possibility of solving them using standard technologies is difficult.
The author emphasizes the need for a rational approach based on the allocation of meaningful parameters of the manager’s activity. It is proved that the competence approach is a methodological basis for designing the models of professionalism. The structure of the competence library for assessing the level of professionalism of the pharmacy’s manager is presented, including the clusters of competencies, the levels of competence development, and the indicators of behavior from ‘outstanding’ to ‘unsatisfactory’.
The author proposes the criteria for the level of a manager’s effectiveness, suitable for their expression in quantitative indicators, and the tools for organizational development, that is managerial and career competencies.
THE PULMONARY MICROBIOME AS A RISK FACTOR FOR LUNG CANCER DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRESSION. REVIEW
Authors: Kireev A. A. , Gorbanev A. I.
Published: January 2023

Lung cancer, being one of the leading causes of mortality among cancer patients, is a global medical and social problem. The number of studies devoted to the etiology, molecular pathology and methods of early detection of lung neoplasms has been steadily increasing. Recently, the great efforts are made to search for alternative methods of diagnosis, therapy and prevention of neoplasms of the respiratory system. So the study of the influence of the quantitative and qualitative microbiome characteristics on the growth and tumor development has become increasingly relevant. This review is devoted to the association between the composition of the pulmonary microbiome and the development of malignant neoplasms of the lungs. We used the analysis of the available literature data to perform this review.
Improvement of low‐intensity long‐time running performance in rats by intake of glucosyl hesperidin
Authors: Nagayama Suminori , Aoki Kai , Komine Shoichi , Arai Norie , Endo Shin , Ohmori Hajime
Published: January 2023

Recently, the use of ergogenic aids in sports by both athletes and fans has increased. Moreover, the overall demand for new ergogenic aids has increased. Hesperidin is a polyphenol that is useful for improving exercise performance by activating energy generation through β‐oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscles. However, it is difficult to use this compound as an ergogenic aid because of its poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Glucosyl hesperidin is formed when one molecule of glucose is transferred to hesperidin via glycosyl‐transferase. It is 10,000× more soluble and has 3.7× higher bioavailability than hesperidin. In this study, we assessed whether continuous (14 days) intake of glucosyl hesperidin improves the aerobic exercise capacity of rats during long‐term acute exercise. Although glucosyl hesperidin intake did not improve the performance of high‐intensity running (30 m/min), we did observe improvement in low‐intensity running (15 m/min) (p < 0.05). We demonstrate that in sedentary rats, glucosyl hesperidin intake increased β‐oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation in the skeletal muscle (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Glucosyl hesperidin intake may have created a metabolic state useful for long‐term exercise. In conclusion, the continuous intake of glucosyl hesperidin improved the aerobic exercise capacity of rats during long‐term acute exercise.