bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BAKERY PRODUCTS AND THE PROBLEM OF FOOD ABUNDANCE IN THE LATE SOVIET UNION
Authors:   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, Kochetkova Е. А. , Pokidko P. S. ,   National Research University “Higher School of Economics”
Published: June 2021

The article examines technological development and the role of scientific research in producing bread and bakery products in the Soviet Union from the mid-1950s to the 1980s. Focusing on Leningrad and the Leningrad region (oblast`), it discusses the role of scientific research in constructing food abundance in the Soviet Union. It particularly examines the specifics of ideological constructing of abundance, but also focuses on the role of scientists in making bread and bakery products. In addition, it emphasizes practical implementations of from-state-given tasks and scientific research. In so doing, the paper focuses on the qualities that bread and bakery products acquired while production was transformed from small bakeries into large industrial enterprises. The article concludes that the possibilities of Soviet science, particularly food chemistry and microbiology, made it possible to produce a wide assortment of bread products which had a longer best before date and were healthier due to vitaminization. In practice, however, this variety was rarely a real project, and the average Soviet consumer did not have an access to it. The problem hid in the deficiencies of the mechanisms of the planned economy, such as the lack of qualified workers, problems of automation and modernization, etc.
Why are there not more herbivorous insect species?
Authors: Jermy Tibor , Szentesi Árpád
Published: June 2021

Insect species richness is estimated to exceed three million species, of which roughly half is herbivorous. Despite the vast number of species and varied life histories, the proportion of herbivorous species among plant-consuming organisms is lower than it could be due to constraints that impose limits to their diversification. These include ecological factors, such as vague interspecific competition; anatomical and physiological limits, such as neural limits and inability of handling a wide range of plant allelochemicals; phylogenetic constraints, like niche conservatism; and most importantly, a low level of concerted genetic variation necessary to a phyletic conversion. It is suggested that diversification ultimately depends on what we call the intrinsic trend of diversification of the insect genome. In support of the above, we survey the major types of host-specificity, the mechanisms and constraints of host specialization, possible pathways of speciation, and hypotheses concerning insect diversification.
Covid-19 Re-infection vs Prolonged Viral Shedding
Authors: Richard J. Barohn  , Mary Hindle  , Peck Lauren , Syed Hasan Raza Naqvi
Published: June 2021

Since December 2019, COVID 19 pandemic has devastated communities across the world. As number of patients recovered from COVID 19 continue to rise, question of acquired immunity versus chances of re-infection becomes critical to understand the future spread of infection. Here, we present a case of a patient previously recovered from COVID-19, develops new symptoms concerning for possible re-infection with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after few months of initial infection.
COLD-SPRAYED Al-COMPOSITE COATINGS ON S135 DRILL-PIPE STEEL
Authors: Lv Dongli , Yang Kai
Published: June 2021

Nine kinds of Al-composite coatings were cold sprayed on the S135 steel. The mechanical properties and microstructures of the coatings were analyzed and the corrosion behavior of the coatings was studied. The surface morphology of the coatings was observed. The porosity of the nine coatings was less than 1.52 %. A proper increase in the Zn powder could reduce the porosity. The thickness of a coating could be increased with an increase in Al2O3 and Zn. The hardness of a coating increased obviously after adding Al2O3. The friction coefficient of a coating decreased with the increase in Zn and Al2O3. The corrosion rate of the coatings decreased with an increase in Al and Al2O3.
PREPARATION OF CALCIUM SULFATE HEMIHYDRATE WHISKERS FROM COMPLEX JAROSITE WASTE
Authors: Tan Hongbin , Ma Xiaoling , Dong Faqin , Li Yufeng , Wang Jinming , Yang Feihua
Published: June 2021

Complex jarosite waste was obtained from zinc metal hydrometallurgical process, which contained gypsum and ammonium jarosite (NH4Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6). The influence of impurity ions (Fe3+ and NH4+) on the calcium sulfate hemihydrate (HH) morphology was studied using pure gypsum as the raw material, respectively. HH crystals with a high aspect ratio were obtained without the impurity ions. The diameter increased and the aspect ratio of the HH decreased, while the addition of iron sulfate and ammonia sulfate increased. Ammonium iron (NH4+) can be removed by using calcium oxide to decompose the ammonium jarosite in the waste and then to wash the sediment with tap water. The sediment (calcified jarosite sediment) mainly contained CaSO4·2H2O and Fe(OH)3. The influence of cultivating time on HH crystals growth was researched by using the sediment as raw materials. The diameter of the whiskers increased, while the hydrothermal time increased. The whiskers were obtained, with high a aspect ratio (10–60), large diameter (1–4 µm) and smooth surface, after the sediment was treated at 140 °C for 6 h in pH = 5 solution.
A NOVEL 3d TRANSITION-METAL ALCOCRCUTI HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOY
Authors: Shen Menglan , Huo Yuanming , He Tao , Xue Yong , Hu Yujia , Yang Wanbo
Published: June 2021

The phase component, microstructure and compressive properties of a novel 3d transition metal high entropy alloy, AlCoCrCuTi, in as-cast and annealed conditions were investigated. The phases of the as-cast AlCoCrCuTi alloy are composed of primary phase AlCo2Ti (L21), eutectic structure {AlCo2Ti (L21)+ Al3Cr7 (BCC)} and interdendritic phase AlCu2Ti (L21). Through annealing, a rosette feature of the as-cast AlCo2Ti + Al3Cr7 eutectic structure is deteriorated due to the lath-like Al3Cr7 changed to finely-divided one. In mechanics performance, the as-cast alloy exhibits a balanced synergy in hardness (593±37 HV) and ultimate strength (745 MPa), while the hardness of the annealed alloy slightly increases to 647±23 HV at the expense of the ultimate strength. Moreover, the alloy either in as-cast or annealed conditions unfortunately display a typically brittle character. The deficiency of elongation might stem from the diversified brittle and hard phases incorporated, such as AlCo2Ti + Al3Cr7.
CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF TEMPERED 42CrMo4 STEEL
Authors: Smokvina Hanza Sunčana , Štic Lovro , Liverić Lovro , Špada Vedrana
Published: June 2021

Low-alloy 42CrMo4 steel (AISI 4140) is a medium carbon steel, commonly used as a quenched and tempered steel. Because of its good mechanical properties, high tensile strength and toughness, 42CrMo4 is one of the widely used and investigated steels. In order to increase ductility even more, in addition to standard quenching and tempering, steel is often hardened by double quenching and tempering and austempering. The aim of this paper was to investigate the corrosion behaviour of 42CrMo4 steel after quenching and tempering, double quenching and tempering and austempering. For this purpose, microstructural characterization and electrochemical investigation after different hardening processes were performed. Microstructure of specimens was observed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Open circuit potential and potentiodynamic polarization measurements of tempered specimens were carried out using computer-controlled potentiostat with three electrode set-up in 0.6 M NaCl naturally aerated solution. It was concluded that applied heat treatment processes increase the corrosion resistance of 42CrMo4 steel in comparison to normalized steel. In comparison to quenched and tempered steel, double quenching and tempering, as well as austempering, do not significantly change corrosion resistance of steel.
First report of Tanaostigmodessp. as the main pest of Caesalpinia spinosa: Morphological and biological aspects
Authors: Murga-Orrillo Hipolito , Palomino-Rosillo Lenin , Hilares-Vargas Sharmely , Aliaga-Pereyra Moises , Seminario-Cunya Alejandro , Abanto-Rodríguez Carlos
Published: June 2021

The tara (Caesalpinia spinosa(Mol.) Kuntze) is a non-timber forest species whose pods are of economic importance to various industries; however, attacks by pests such as Tanaostigmodessp. the leaves and young stems decrease the production of this species. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological and biological characteristics of Tanaostigmodessp. and percentage of incidence in C. spinosa. 1399 insects were identified in which evaluations of the duration of the stages, the morphometry and the damage to the plant were carried out. The egg, larva, pupa and adult measure 0.2, 2.0, 2.1 and 2.0 to 2.3 mm long, last 13.1, 71.8, 20.6 and 10.1 days respectively,totaling its development cycle in 115.1 days; the larvae when feeding make mines in the rachis of the leaves and in young stems, reaching maximum attacks of up to 84.5% causing defoliation. Tanaostigmodessp. it is a major tare pest, with average attack records of 24.6% on leaves. Knowing its biological aspects and its interaction with tara phenology will allow the adoption of efficient strategies for its integrated management and control.
Microalgal biomass with high potential for the biofuels production
Authors: Jimenez Escobedo Manuel , Castillo Calderón Augusto
Published: June 2021

The study of biofuels continues in constant development, for five decades. This article summarizes the analysis of several recent scientific publications, related to third generation biofuels using microalgae. An overview of biofuels and their classification, the theoretical bases of microalgae, techniques for their cultivation, harvesting and pretreatment of their biomass are presented. Promising technologies for obtaining biofuels of great potential worldwide demand are also briefly described, considering the technical characteristics of the process, depending on the microalgae species that have the highest yields and productivity for each type of biofuel:Biodiesel (extraction of lipids, transesterification and purification), ethanol (hydrolysis of sugars, fermentation and purification) and biogas (anaerobic digestion).Most studies are focused on the production of lipids, being Chlorella vulgaris, Nanochloropsis sp. and Botryococcus braunii(A) the most used microalgae to obtain biodiesel. However, there are few studies focused on the production of microalgal biomass toproduce bioethanol, thus, the microalgae Porphyridium cruentumand Spirogira sp. they could be used to produce bioethanol, with the advantage of not containing lignin. Biogas is produced by anaerobic biodigestion of microalgal biomass residues in biorefineries, but its commercial production is very limited due to high production costs and because there are other economically very competitive biomasses. The need to produce biofuels using microalgal biomass is reaching a greater boom, the transcendental proposal being the launching of a biorefinery, mainly focused on the optimal production of microalgal biomass as the main key to the entire process.
Protocatechuic acid as an inhibitor of the JNK/CXCL1/CXCR2 pathway relieves neuropathic pain in CCI rats
Authors: Chang Hong-xia , Zhao Yue-feng
Published: June 2021

Emerging evidence has shown that protocatechuic acid (PCA) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. It can alleviate the injury of sciatic nerve, while the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on neuralgia remains unknown . In vivo, chromium bowel ligation was used to establish a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model to induce sciatic nerve pain, then two doses of PCA were used to treat CCI rats. In vitro, 10 ng/mL TNF-α was used to stimulate glial satellite cells derived from the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) L4-L6 of the sciatic nerve to simulate sciatic nerve pain. PCA relieved mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI rats. CCK-8 assay revealed that PCA inhibited the proliferation of glial satellite cells induced by TNF-α. Moreover, ELISA demonstrated that PCA could improve the inflammatory response of rats caused by CCI and cells induced by TNF-α. Next, RT-qPCR and Western blot assays testified that PCA blocked the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/the chemokine ligand 1/CXC chemokine receptor 2 (JNK/CXCL1/CXCR2) pathway by inhibiting CXCL1 levels in cells induced by TNF-α and DRG of CCI rats. In conclusion, PCA can alleviate neuropathic pain of CCI rats, improve oxidative stress by inhibiting the JNK/CXCL1/CXCR2 signaling pathway, which provides a new perspective for the treatment of neuropathic pain caused by CCI.
Музей: Архитектурная история
Authors: Сурикова Ксения
Published: June 2021

Культуролог и музеолог Ксения Сурикова исследует феномен музея сквозь призму архитектуры и предлагает рассмотреть его в широком контексте культурных трансформаций, влиявших на роли и функции музея в обществе. Последовательно рассматривая особенности бытования музея в различные исторические периоды, автор показывает, как в зависимости от стратегий отношения к прошлому менялось восприятие музейного предмета и музейной функции, а следовательно, и выстраивалась или разрушалась типология музейного здания. Книга адресована архитекторам, художникам, культурологам, музеологам, а также представителям городских администраций и различных гражданских сообществ.
Laparoscopic Anterior 180° Partial Fundoplication - Indian Perspective
Authors:   Mch, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Seven Hills Hospital, Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India, Das Dr. Biswabasu , Sahu Dr. Sandeep ,   DNB, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Seven Hills Hospital, Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India, Y Dr. Radhakrishna ,   DM, Department of Gastroenterology, Radhakrishna Gastro Center, Vizag, Andhra Pradesh, India, Das Bibhabasu ,   B Tech, Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT, Madras, India
Published: June 2021

Aim: To evaluate Laparoscopic anterior 180° partial fundoplication for its good long-term relief forsymptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease and association with adverse effects. Methods:Study design: Prospectively evaluated case series. Settings: Tertiary care centers Patients: Theclinical outcomes were determined for all patients who had undergone a laparoscopic anterior partialfundoplication by us between January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2021. Interventions: Clinical outcome,complications, and follow-up after laparoscopic anterior 180° partial fundoplication was obtainedusing a structured questionnaire. Results and Discussion: 228 procedures were performed. Theoutcome at 0 to 8 years (mean, 4 years) follow-up was determined for 195 patients. 1 death waslinked to the laparoscopic procedure and 2 patients died during follow-up due to unrelated causes.For 186 patients (95%) with clinical outcome data at late follow-up, gastroesophageal refluxsymptoms were significantly improved following surgery and were well controlled in 9 patients(4.5%). In a subset of 85 patients with more than 5 years of follow-up, relief of heartburn was foundin 59 patients (69%). Incidence and severity of heartburn were reduced after surgery in 22 patients(26%), decreased dyspepsia in 80 patients (94%). Normal belching was preserved in 84 patients(99%) and almost all patients were able to eat normally. Conclusion: Laparoscopic anterior 180°partial fundoplication is an effective procedure for the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal refluxand is associated with a high rate of patient satisfaction at late follow-up. Compared to Nissen'sfundoplication it is as good as control of recurrent reflux as well as reduced adverse effects. Thepatient goes home in 3-4 days. Hence we recommend it as the procedure of choice for refluxsymptoms.
Presence of Helicobacter spp. in dental tartar and gastric mucosa, and its relationship with EGUS in horses from a public slaughterhouse
Authors: Zuluaga-Cabrera Angélica M , Jaramillo-Morales Camilo , Martínez-Aranzales José R
Published: June 2021

Background: Despite the fact that Helicobacter spp. has been detected in equine gastric mucosa, no evidence exists about this infection in Colombian horses affected by equine ulcerative gastric syndrome (EGUS), nor in dental tartar. Objective: To detect Helicobacter spp. DNA in equine gastric mucosa and dental tartar and determine the relationship between the presence of Helicobacter spp. and gastric lesions. Methods: Samples of glandular gastric mucosa and dental tartar were collected from 30 equine slaughterhouses. Macroscopic lesions of the stomachs were classified and the total DNA in all samples was extracted using a commercial extraction kit. A final-point PCR was performed using primers for amplification of a segment of 251 bp of the gene encoding the 16s rRNA region; the amplified fragments were subjected to a second PCR to determine the presence of H. pylori, the VacA gene was typified. The resulting amplicons were sequenced. Results: It was possible to amplify 16s rRNA in several samples but there was no amplification of VacA. Fragments of the sequences were compatible with H. heilmannii. The 23.3 and 10% of gastric and tartar samples were positive for 16s rRNA of Helicobacter spp., respectively. Conclusion: Although genetic material of Helicobacter spp. was found in some animals, there was no relationship with gastric lesions. It is possible that helicobacteriosis has no bearing in EGUS etiology.
Performance and determination of Concentration Ratio for a parabolic solar concentrator using a thermographic technique
Authors: Cano-Ardila Fabian , Giraldo-Quintero Juan David , Agudelo-Flórez Sergio Cipriano
Published: June 2021

This work addresses the methodology to determine the exact concentration ratio (CR) for a parabolic solar concentrator (PSC) using thermographic imaging. The value of CR is commonly given in terms of the area of the receiver and not in terms of the area of the image produced by the concentrator on the receiver surface. With thermographic analysis, it is possible to know the real image generated by the PSC on the receiver, which helps to have a precise calculation of CR. It is important to measure the real CR not only for manufacturing purposes but also for the maintenance of solar concentrators, since its miscalculation lowers their energy efficiency or lifespan. In experiments, the real image on the receiver is divided into 4 regions, stratified with an equal temperature difference for each one. With this consideration, CR varied from 20 to 151. To complete the analysis, the energy efficiency is calculated. Since heating is a non-stationary process, thermal efficiency fluctuated during the time of experimentation, having a peak of 25% and a mean value of 15.3%. The irregularities of curvature in the concentrators significantly deteriorate the uniformity of the radiation flux and the energy efficiency due to unused areas of concentration.
DEVELOPMENT OF JAPONICA TYPE CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILE (CMS) RICE LINES FOR COMMERCIAL HYBRID RICE IN MEDITERRANEAN ECOLOGICAL CONDITION
Authors: UNAN Rasim
Published: June 2021

Hybrid rice has an average
15 % to 20 % yield advantage over inbred lines. The availability of stable cytoplasmic male sterility
system is vital for commercial hybrid rice. The experiment was conducted to
develop japonica type CMS lines of national rice varieties. National varieties
were tested to determine as maintainer, CMS or restorer features via test
cross. The test crosses were made by using 19 japonica type national rice varieties
and 21 CMS lines and 1 restorer line.  All national rice varieties which tested are
determined maintainer features. In addition to, 5 CMS introduction lines and 1
restorer lines adapted Mediterranean ecological condition for hybrid breeding
process. Two maintainer were backcrossed for 6 generations and it was developed
similar agronomic features and 100% spikelet sterile CMS lines. For production
of CMS lines Osmancik-97 and Kiziltan, it was employed wild abortive rice which
is CMS V20A. Successive backcrossing of varieties succeeded to produce
completely male sterile CMS lines. Wild abortive cytoplasm did not affect
agronomic characteristic. Since Osmancik-97 is one of the most popular
varieties and it was used as a donor gene for new varieties, the WA-CMS lines
of Osmancik-97 and Kiziltan will be useful for hybrid rice breeding.
Neurociencia y TEL: el desconocimiento docente
Authors: Moreno Maestre María
Published: June 2021

El presente trabajo se lleva a cabo con el fin de revisar y analizar los resultados de estudios publicados sobre neurociencia y Trastornos Específicos del Lenguaje y/o disfasia. Se plantea la neurociencia como una herramienta eficaz para la detección e intervención de estas patologías, con el fin de conseguir una respuesta educativa integradora e inclusiva. Tras la investigación de dichos artículos, se ha comprobado que, los docentes no poseen conocimientos acerca de la neurociencia implementada en la educación, como estrategia eficaz para saber cómo funciona el cerebro del alumnado, y, por ende, cómo aprende. Además, se ha verificado que, no conocen los aspectos que pueden influenciar en posibles casos TEL o disfásicos, ni cómo llevar a cabo una intervención educativa. Por ello, surge la necesidad de ahondar en el tema para la detección temprana de los mismos.
Síndrome cri du chat: un maullido del gato
Authors: Quesada Zaragoza Natalia
Published: June 2021

El síndrome del maullido de gato es una enfermedad hereditaria rara que se caracteriza por el hecho de que el niño afectado, bebé lactante, tiene un llanto similar al maullido de un gato (grito de un gato = cri du chat). El síndrome del maullido de gato está causado por una alteración específica del material genético: la pérdida (deleción) de una parte de las estructuras filiformes del núcleo celular que portan el material genético (uno de los brazos de uno de los cromosomas: el brazo corto del cromosoma 5).
El maullido de gato puede caracterizarse por alteraciones físicas y psicomotoras ya que se ralentizan. Suelen tener un peso extremadamente bajo tras el parto. El apoyo físico y mental temprano es decisivo para estos niños. La voz de los niños con síndrome del maullido de gato suele diferenciarse más a medida que crecen y el desarrollo del lenguaje suele retrasarse considerablemente.
LIBERALISM AS THE IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL BASIS OF DEMOCRACY
Authors: Fedorchenko Vladimir
Published: June 2021

This article focuses on the essence, political content and forms of democracy. The principles and values of liberalism as ideological and political origins of democracy are revealed. There are analysed ideological sources and basic approaches to understanding democracy as a political value and the reasons for its actualisation in contemporary conditions. There are generalised principles and norms for creating and implementing rules for an all-encompassing and unlimited political dialogue in society and between states as a central idea of the value dimension of democracy.
On the hedging benefits of REITs: The role of risk aversion and market states
Authors: Demirer Riza , Yuksel Asli , Yuksel Aydin
Published: June 2021

We propose a dynamic, forward-looking hedging strategy to manage stock market risks via positions in REITs, conditional on the level of risk aversion. Our findings show that REITs do not only offer significant risk reduction for passive portfolios, but also offer much improved risk-adjusted returns with the greatest benefits observed for Australia, Canada and the U.S. Overall, our findings suggest that time-varying risk aversion can be utilized to (i) establish effective hedges against stock market risks via positions in REITS, and (ii) improve the risk-return profile of passive portfolios.
Does the UK economy grow faster under a Conservative or Labour government?
Authors: Algarhi Amr Saber , Tziamalis Alexander
Published: June 2021

We use quarterly data from 1955 to 2019 to examine the performance of Conservative and Labour administrations in terms of real GDP growth in the United Kingdom. To account for fiscal lags in the legislation and implementation of new policies by each administration, we explore up to lag 8 in addition to an overlapping technique. Our main finding is that the UK economy has grown with a similar pace under both parties, however Labour governments seem to do better in tackling recessions and achieve a more consistent performance. Labour’s advantage becomes more pronounced if we discount the effect of a large external shock, the 2008 Financial Crisis.
Clinical case of differential diagnosis of retrocervical endometriosis
Authors: Levakov Sergey A. , Mamedova Ainur E. , Azadova Gyullar Y. , Paukov Sergey V.
Published: June 2021

Endometriosis is a chronic hormone-dependent progressive disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrioid tissue. Most often, endometriosis affects the ovaries, fallopian tubes and the abdominal cavity, but endometrioid foci are also found in the intestines, heart, lungs, skin and other atypical localizations. This article presents a clinical case of retrocervical endometriosis diagnosed based on the results of pathological and histological examination. It is important to note the complexity of the differential diagnosis of this form of endometriosis due to secondary changes in the area of the colon and the absence of characteristic clinical manifestations.
Differential diagnosis of obstetric thrombotic microangiopathy: a review
Authors: Kukina Polina I. , Moskatlinova Anastasiya V. , Bogomazova Irina M. , Timokhina Elena V.
Published: June 2021

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a clinical and morphological syndrome, which is based on damage of the endothelium. Clinically, TMA is characterized by a triad of symptoms: thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and target organ damage. In obstetric practice, TMA most often occurs with preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome, atypical HUS, TTP. The review presents the basic differential criteria for the diagnosis of TMA during pregnancy and after childbirth, as well as the management of patients.
Research Insights: How Do Longer School Days Affect Students' Economic Well-Being in Adulthood?
Authors: Domínguez Patricio , Ruffini Krista
Published: June 2021

Many Latin American countries and cities have substantially lengthened the school day over the past generation. Chile, for example, increased the school day by 30 percent between 1997 and 2010. While evidence on lengthening these additional instructional resources points to positive effects in the short term, we know little about whether these reforms affect students long-term economic outcomes once they enter the labor market. This project finds longer elementary and secondary school days substantially improve economic well-being by increasing educational attainment, delaying childbearing, and increasing earnings in young adulthood.
Analysis of Mathematics National Exam Questions based on TIMSS Taxonomy
Authors: Colis Nur
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this research was to find out the spread out content and cognitive dimension of the question of Mathematics National Exam for Junior High School (SMP) / Islamic Junior High School (MTs) in the school year of 2005/2006-2018/2019 and find out the suitability question of Mathematics Final Exam in Junior High School based on government guidelines and TIMSS taxonomy. This type of research is a qualitative approach. This research use collection data with document analysis. Data analysis techniques consist of data reduction, data display, and verification. The research subjects were in the form of 14 SMP / MTs national mathematics exam texts from the 2005/2006 to 2018/2019 academic year. The indicators of content dimensions and cognitive dimensions used are based on the TIMSS taxonomy. Checking the validity of the data, the researcher uses a triangulation by an expert through Online FGD (Focus Group Discussion).The research result as follows: 1. An analysis a question of Mathematics Final Exam in Junior High School in the school year of 2005/2006-2018/2019 based on a taxonomy TIMSS obtain results that percentage spread of content and cognitive dimension still not appropriate yet with TIMSS Assessment Framework. At the content dimension, the spread of a question dominated by geometry domain while data and probability have spread of a question very few. Then, algebra and number domain pretty close proportion which have been specified by TIMSS. 2. the question of Mathematics Final Exam in Junior High School to the scope of material which set by the government was not given percentage distribution of materials obviously while cognitive level from government obtains a result that different with findings result in the researcher based on TIMSS taxonomy because there is different definition at government cognitive level from with TIMSS cognitive domain. There is a question that includes an application in government cognitive level however it includes knowing domain based on TIMSS taxonomy. Suitability a question of Final Exam from the school year of 2005/2006 till 2018/2019 indicate there are percentages increase from year to year close appropriate to proportion TIMSS Assessment Framework. It shows the percentage each other domain close proportion TIMSS in content and cognitive dimension.
Effect of Math Anxiety and Motivation Against Student Mathematical Connections Capabilities
Authors: Haerudin Haerudin , Anjani Dewi , Ibrahi Didymus
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of mathematics anxiety and learning motivation on students' mathematical connection abilities. This research was conducted in SMP Negeri 1 Cikampek class VII 9. In the selection of research samples using the cluster random sampling technique. With the method of Correlational research type of regression, the data used are quantitative data obtained from the inquiry questionnaire and learning motivation and mathematical connection ability test questions. Data processing techniques used in this study are using multiple linear regression. In this study quantitative data processing was performed using IBM SPSS 21.0 software for windows. The results of this study obtained a regression equation (Y=-58,623+0,678X1+0,359X2) which is linear with a determination coefficient of 30.3%, meaning that about 69.7% is explained outside of the regression equation. Thus, it was found that mathematics anxiety and learning motivation significantly influence students' mathematical connection abilities.
Preserving Image Encryption for Smart Android System
Authors: ALdosarry Dana S. , F. ALotaibi Nouf , AL ghobari Tahani H. , ALbqumi Ruba M. , ALharthi Tahani S. , ALnakhli Nuha J. , Abu Hasson Wardah MJ. , A. Abdo Azza
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes an image encryption technique for smart phones devices to encrypt images and then upload on the cloud. The process of retrieving and decrypting images will be under full control by the user. Also, if the user wants to retrieve an image, he can retrieve it completely, but not as he needed. Our research can solve two main issues in current mobile applications which will protect photo that will be decrypt by the user only, and will help the user to recover the photo needed. An encryption mechanism based on hybrid between elementary cellular automata (ECA) and RC4 algorithms are used to encrypt images on the smart android mobiles. Experimental results on the application showed that our proposed encryption technique used for image encryption has a good quality en cryption with secure requirements.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Cynicism in the Relationship between Workplace Incivility and Organizational Silence
Authors: Tutar Hasan , Tuzcuoğlu Ferruh , Sarkhanov Teymur
Published: June 2021

In this study, the mediating role of "organizational cynicism" in the relationship between "rudeness in the workplace" and "organizational silence" was examined. The research is a quantitative research cross-sectional study. Research data were collected using a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis shows a significant and positive relationship between the participants' perceptions of rudeness in the workplace and organizational silence. It is understood that the perception of organizational cynicism also mediates this relationship. It was understood that the high perception of the workplace laziness of the participants caused the perception of organizational silence to be high.
Forecast Analysis of Gross Regional Domestic Product based on the Linear Regression Algorithm Technique
Authors: Delimah Pasaribu Veta Lidya , Septiani Fauziah , Rahayu Suharni , Lismiatun L , Arief Muhammad , Juanda Angga , Sunaryo M. Yusuf , Rahim Robbi
Published: June 2021

Statistical data are indispensable for macro-economic planning activities such as the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) where data can determine the economic development strategies and policies that have been adopted and can be continued in the future. This study draws on quantitative data sources from the Regional Statistical Agency of Jakarta for the period 2017-2019, the subject of the Gross Regional Domestic Product based on current business prices. The aim of this research is to test and predict the level of accuracy of GRDP at current prices based on business fields using the Linear Regression method supported by Rapid Miner software. The results show that the validated Linear Regression algorithm with K-Fold values from 2 to 10 with the sampling type linear sampling and shuffled sampling can be used and implemented with the smallest Root Mean Square Error value of IDR 9,977,431 at k = 10 for the sampling.
Similarities Between European and National Solidarity. An Empirical Thought Experiment About Attitudes Towards Redistribution
Authors: Ignácz Zsófia S.
Published: June 2021

This paper examines similarities between attitudes towards European redistribution and attitudes towards national redistribution. It maps out possible reasons for expected similarities between the two spatial levels in the degree redistribution is supported and also the underlying mechanisms that foster support rates. To examine the underlying mechanisms, the paper employs a structural equation modelling approach. Despite vastly different institutional settings, findings indicate that the degree of support for redistribution at the national and at the European level are comparable. And we can also identify a similar structure in mechanisms fostering support rates at the European level compared to the one at the national level. Moreover, the strength of these mechanisms is also comparable at the respective spatial level. The results have important consequences for our understanding of transnational mechanisms. They suggest that social entities transcending national borders possess features comparable to national social entities (i.e., nation states). Overall, this potentially suggests that national conflict lines have the capacity to be carried over into the transnational space (e.g., the European social space).
Social Life as Collective Struggle: Closure Theory and the Problem of Solidarity
Authors: Mackert Jürgen
Published: June 2021

In recent years, all over the globe we have seen intensifying economic exploitation, political disenfranchisement, social marginalization and cultural repression in all kinds of political regimes, from liberal democratic to authoritarian and dictatorial. Although the strategies vary with regard to regime and context, in all of them we observe that while a growing number of social groups are speaking out and rising against them, a presumably much higher number of groups do not. In this article, I argue that all these processes can be conceived as aspects of ongoing closure struggles in social life. However, in order to understand why some social groups are able to fight against closure strategies while others are not, closure theory in its current state of elaboration is not of any help. While it operates with the term solidarization, it does not offer any explanation of how such acting in solidarity may become possible in closure struggles. The article is a mainly theoretical contribution of how to solve this problem.
PENGEMBANGAN TADRIBAT PEMBELAJARAN ISTIMA’ BUKU AL ‘ARABIYAH LIL HAYAH BERBASIS ONLINE
Authors: Ubaid Abdullah , Maghfur Taaib
Published: June 2021

The development of online-based Arabic learning media is a requirement in this modern era to improve the quality of learning. The purpose of this research is (1) to produce an exercise  of online-based listening learning in Al 'Arabiyah Lil Hayah Book. (2) Analyzing the feasibility of online listening learning exercises in the Al 'Arabiyah Lil Hayah Book.This study uses a research and development model according to Borg and Gall with 10 stages, namely: (1) research and information collecting, (2) planning, (3) develop  preliminary  form  of  product,  (4) preliminary field testing, (5) main  product  revision (6) main field testing, (7) operasional product revision, (8) operasional field testing, (9)  final  product  revision, (10) dissemination  and  implementation.The output of this research and development is an exercise  of online-based listening learning in Al 'Arabiyah Lil Hayah Book which can be accessed by users very easily via a computer or smartphone connected to an internet network without having to download certain applications, but simply typing the website address ppb.uin-malang.ac.id/alh in the user's device browser.Based on the results of the research that has been carried out by the researcher, it can be concluded that the exercise of online-based listening learning in Al 'Arabiyah Lil Hayah Book is feasible to use. This refers to the data obtained by researchers from the results of the questionnaire analysis by the Arabic learning media experts, namely Dr. Danial Hilmi, M.Pd. as well as respondents from PKPBA students in the preliminary field testing, main field testing and operasional field testing.
PENDEKATAN KOMUNIKATIF DALAM TES KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA BAHASA ARAB
Authors: Rahmawati Eka Dewi
Published: June 2021

This study aims to discuss the test of speaking Arabic according to the communicative approach. The type of research used is qualitative research using library research methods or libraries by relying on bibliographic sources in the form of books and scientific journals related to the discussion. Based on the studies that have been done, it is known that the types of language tests in terms of history that appear are discrete, integrative, pragmatic, communicative and authentic tests.There are several forms of tests that use a communicative approach that can be used to measure students' speaking skills, such as the test of telling pictures, be it one picture or series of pictures, telling experiences, interviews, free storytelling and discussion or debate. Student confidence is one of the most important things in running this test. Because with this belief, students will find it easier to speak using Arabic, some students are good at writing but are not good at using it because they do not have self-confidence.
Are Young People in Rural Sub-Saharan Africa Caught in Waithood?
Authors: Oosterom Marjoke , Sumberg James
Published: June 2021

The idea that large numbers of young people in sub-Saharan Africa are stuck in waithood – trapped between childhood and adulthood – dominates international development policy discourse. The belief is that because there are no jobs, young people cannot attain social markers of adulthood. Waithood has proved itself to be a very attractive way to frame debates and promote youth employment interventions. But research challenges two aspects of the waithood story: that young people are inactive; and that work is the only route into adulthood. Caution and nuance are required to prevent waithood becoming another catchy term that does little to improve policy.
Imagined Futures: Gaps in Support for Rural Youth in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Thorsen Dorte , Koffi Affoué Philomène
Published: June 2021

Lack of employment opportunities for young people is a major concern across Africa, and involves many policy areas. In Côte d’Ivoire, the situation is challenging because of political and economic crises that have beset the country in recent decades, impacting negatively on education and accentuating job insecurity, particularly among rural youth. Tackling the problem in rural areas requires a youth-centred approach that builds long-term, well-targeted and coordinated interventions based on young people’s lived experience.
Avenir imaginé : insuffisances du soutien aux jeunes en milieu rural en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Koffi Affoué Philomène
Published: June 2021

Le manque à des débouchés professionnels pour les jeunes est une préoccupation majeure en Afrique, et a un impact sur de nombreux domaines stratégiques. En Côte d’Ivoire, la situation est difficile en raison des crises politiques et économiques qui ont frappé le pays au cours des dernières décennies et qui ont eu un impact négatif sur l’éducation et accentué la précarité de l’emploi, en particulier pour la jeunesse rurale. Afin de s’attaquer au problème dans les zones rurales, il faut une approche centrée sur les jeunes qui met en place des interventions à long terme, bien ciblées, coordonnées et basées sur les réalités des jeunes.
Evasão Escolar e os Indicadores da Rede Federal de Educação Profissional no Brasil entre 2003 e 2015
Authors: Maduro Silva Denise Bianca , Castioni Remi , Thompson Martínez Rogfel
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the context of production of quantitative data on school dropout at the Federal Network of Vocational and Technological Education in Brazil, especially at vocational high schools, between 2003 and 2015. Based on documental analysis and interviews with managers, the actions of the federal government in the formulation of indicators that quantify school dropout are presented. The study focuses on changes in the databases, forms of calculations, and institutional structure and culture required to measure dropout. The institutional choices of the federal government to deal with dropout reveal the complexity of the problem, as well as the limits and possibilities of the implemented public policies. This demonstrates a regulatory and evaluative State away from the modes of combating school dropout.
A importância dos indicadores sociais nas pesquisas voltadas para as relações raciais
Authors: Lourenço Cristiane
Published: June 2021

Studies focused on the analysis of race relations show that, in Brazil, the social reading of the phenotype is one of the main elements of social classification. In view of this, this work proposes to investigate, in the light of Applied Social Sciences and based on the theorists that deal with the theme, how such categories were constructed and reframed when it comes to the evaluation of social policies in the Brazilian State. Our intention with this article is to carry out a theoretical analysis regarding the production of social indicators with black and brown social categories as the central element. Its development is structured as follows: we started with Pierre Bourdieu's Field Theory as one of the theoretical elements that base this study. Next, the article discusses how race relations in Brazil are built and reproduced. The text ends with the search to understand the importance of choosing and building indicators for the evaluation of social policies.
Avaliação do conhecimento da população do estado do Rio de Janeiro sobre a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Rocha Gregório Kappaun , Amaral Caroline Leles , De Barros Victória Cruz , Da Conceição Gabriela Pereira , Da Silva Vitória Martins Batalha , Sugai Aurea Yuki
Published: June 2021

In March 2020, the first case of Covid-19 was registered in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The heterogeneity of its regions is a notable aspect of its demographics, which makes tackling the pandemic challenging. Due to the high impact of the pandemic on society, it is crucial to understand the population's perception of the proposed sanitary measures and identify flaws in the information process. A well-educated population about a disease becomes less vulnerable. This study investigates the degree of clarification related to Covid-19 in the population of Rio de Janeiro. For data collection, an on-line form was used, applied to 857 residents of the state. Among the results, it is noted that most participants classify the situation of the pandemic in the state as serious, and signal the need for expansion of control and inspection actions. The population understands that scientific research is important to guide health actions. Investing in direct communication and with accessible language increases awareness, creates favorable behaviors and allows the pandemic to be tackled effectively. It is inferred, therefore, that it is crucial to proceed with information dissemination planning.
Branqueamento de corais e outros cnidários bentônicos no costão rochoso da Praia do Forno (Arraial do Cabo, RJ) durante as anomalias térmicas das águas superficiais do oceano ocorridas nos meses de fevereiro e maio de 2019
Authors: Santos Laura de Azeredo , Silva Bárbara Castro Alves da , Silva Karina Cardoso Ramos , Santos Renan Costa dos , Sousa Esterfani Melo de , Muniz Raquel de Azeredo , Barbosa Amilcar Brum
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to describe the occurrences of coral bleaching and other benthic cnidarians on the rocky shore of Forno Beach (Arraial do Cabo, RJ), observed in February (summer) and May (autumn) 2019, relating them to possible ocean warming events. The thermal anomalies charts were taken by INMET and the fieldwork were developed based on the AGRRA Protocol. Two 10 m long transects were used, placed continuously and parallel to the larger rocky shore axis, where quadrats of 36X36 cm were distributed at positions demarcated in 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 m along these transects and photographed to obtain the data. The total number of colonies, number of bleached colonies and the average area of each species of benthic cnidarians affected by different bleaching intensities (strong degree and weak degree) were calculated. Four species of benthic cnidarian have been identified, among them the Millepora alcicornis and the Palythoa caribaeorum were the ones that suffer bleaching (strong degree and weak degree), with an increase mainly of the strong degree in the month of May - a period preceded by a thermal anomaly of 2.0 oC throughout the month of March and in the second half of April; while the Siderastrea stellata and Zoanthus sp. did not suffer bleaching.
Proposta de uma matriz de risco para programa de gerenciamento de risco em atividades rotineiras
Authors: Bermudes Wanderson Lyrio
Published: June 2021

Professional activities can cause injury to the worker and their occurrence varies according to the probability and severity. In face of the need of establishing a model that can help the risk manager to prioritize actions in routine work activities, this study, through the application of legal and regulatory context, social security laws, regulatory and research norms, proposes the application of a matrix risk assessment for factors and / or sources of occupational risk. The matrix includes analysis of probability (unlikely, probable and highly probable), severity (without injury, minor injury, serious injury or occupational and fatal illness or permanent disability) and the number of workers and results in four types of graduation: Critical Risk, High, Moderate and Low. Critical Risk Activities, takes priority in actions to eliminate risk, followed by high, moderate and low risk. Critical Risk activities, beyond the routine of work, should include a risk analysis, when this is not required by any regulations. Critical and high-risk activities should be part of periodic inspections.