bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects and contents of nutrition education relating to sarcopenia and frailty for Japanese older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Yaegashi Akinori , Shirahata Aki , Kudo Seiya , Kozuka Miyuki
Published: October 2021

This systematic review aimed to clarify whether nutrition education relating to sarcopenia and frailty for Japanese older adults has been effective and to identify the content of nutrition education that is provided to participants. We examined relevant studies published before January 2021. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) studies on nutrition education provided by experts; (ii) studies on Japanese participants aged 60 years or older; (iii) full papers published in English or Japanese; and (iv) studies with outcomes that include measurement items related to sarcopenia and frailty. A search strategy was designed using keywords such as “Japan” or “Japanese” and “nutrition education.” In total, 798 titles and 179 abstracts were examined, and 63 full texts were selected for reading. Ten articles met all the inclusion criteria. Only two studies aimed to determine the effectiveness of nutrition education. We could not clarify whether nutrition education relating to sarcopenia and frailty for Japanese older adults was effective. However, we did identify various nutrition education contents on sarcopenia and frailty for Japanese older adults. Further studies are needed as follows: (i) studies designs that can determine whether nutrition education is effective; (ii) studies in which the content of the cooking training can be reproduced; (iii) studies in which the intervention group and the control group have the same educational content with different duration and frequency; (iv) studies that are written in English; and (v) studies that are conducted on men. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1084–1092.
Clinical features of new daily persistent headache: A retrospective chart review of 328 cases
Authors: Evans Randolph W. , Turner Dana P.
Published: October 2021

Objective

To describe the clinical features of new daily persistent headache (NDPH) at an outpatient neurology clinic with a subspecialty interest in headache in Houston, Texas.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed by a neurologist subspecialty certified in headache medicine of all patients seen from September 1, 2011 through February 28, 2020 (8.5 years) with a provisional diagnosis of NDPH and abstracted charts meeting criteria for primary NDPH.

Results

A total of 328 patients met the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition criteria including 215 (65.5%) female patients. The mean age of onset was 40.3 years (range 12–87 years) with a mean age at first consultation in the study clinic of 42.6 years (range 12–87 years). The median [25th, 75th] duration of NDPH at initial consultation was 0.7 [0.3, 2.0] years, and at last visit, it was 1.9 [0.7, 4.8] years. The headaches were side‐locked unilateral in 28/328 (8.5%). 12/328 cases (3.6%) with a thunderclap onset are reported. There was no obvious seasonal or other cyclical variation. The pain was usually moderate to severe and more often severe for the migraine phenotype (MP; 260/328 [79.3%] of cases) than for the tension‐type phenotype (TTP). Precipitating factors were the following: stressful life events, 67/328 (20.4%); upper respiratory infection or flu‐like illness, 33/328 (10.1%); and extracranial surgery, 5/328 (1.5%). Exacerbating or aggravating factors similar to migraine triggers were more often reported with the MP than with the TTP in this sample. For the MP, vertigo or dizziness was reported by 19/260 (7.3%) and a visual aura by 21/260 (8.1%) with descriptions provided. The prognostic types were the following for all patients: persisting (refractory), 305/328 (93.0%); relapsing–remitting, 9/328 (2.7%); and remitting (self‐limited), 14/328 (4.3%).

Conclusion

NDPH is typically of moderate to severe intensity often with migraine features without obvious seasonal or other cyclical variation. Most cases are refractory. 3.6% have a thunderclap onset often with a good response to treatment.
Development of a patient decision aid for patients with breast cancer who consider immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy
Authors: ter Stege Jacqueline A. , Raphael Daniela B. , Oldenburg Hester S. A. , van Huizum Martine A. , van Duijnhoven Frederieke H. , Hahn Daniela E. E. , The Regina , Karssen Klemens , Corten Eveline M. L. , Krabbe‐Timmerman Irene S. , Huikeshoven Menno , Ruhé Quinten (P. Q.) , Kimmings Nikola (A. N.) , Maarse Wies , Sherman Kerry A. , Witkamp Arjen J. , Woerdeman Leonie A. E. , Bleiker Eveline M. A.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to develop a patient decision aid (pDA) that could support patients with breast cancer (BC) in making an informed decision about breast reconstruction (BR) after mastectomy.

Methods

The development included four stages: (i) Establishment of a multidisciplinary team; (ii) Needs assessment consisting of semi‐structured interviews in patients and a survey among healthcare professionals (HCPs); (iii) Creation of content, design and technical system; and (iv) Acceptability and usability testing using a think‐aloud approach in patients and interviews among HCPs and representatives of the Dutch Breast Cancer Patient Organization.

Results

From the needs assessment, three themes were identified: Challenging period to make a decision, Diverse motivations for a personal decision and Information needed to make a decision about BR. HCPs valued the development of a pDA, especially to prepare patients for consultation. The pDA that was developed contained three parts: first, a consultation sheet for oncological breast surgeons to introduce the choice; second, an online tool including an overview of reconstructive options, the pros and cons of each option, information on the consequences of each option for daily life, exercises to clarify personal values and patient stories; and third, a summary sheet with patients’ values, preferences and questions to help inform and guide the discussion between the patient and her plastic surgeon. The pDA was perceived to be informative, helpful and easy to use by patients and HCPs.

Conclusion

Consistent with information needs, a pDA was developed to support patients with BC who consider immediate BR in making an informed decision together with their plastic surgeon.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients participated in the needs assessment and in acceptability and usability testing.
DISTRIBUTIONAL AND HOUSING PRICE EFFECTS FROM PUBLIC TRANSIT INVESTMENT: EVIDENCE FROM VANCOUVER
Authors: Chernoff Alex , Craig Andrea N.
Published: October 2021

We estimate a residential sorting model using microdata to study an expansion of the Vancouver rapid transit network. Our results indicate that many aspects of household preferences were stable over time; however, preferences for transit access became more homogeneous with respect to income. Simulations show that these preference changes, along with endogenous housing appreciation and rising income levels in connected neighborhoods, result in larger benefits for higher‐income households. This distributional pattern is driven by the gains of households working in pre‐connected neighborhoods. In contrast, the benefits to those working in newly connected neighborhoods disproportionately favor lower‐income households.
Desalted duck egg white nanogels combined with κ‐carrageenan as stabilisers for food‐grade Pickering emulsion
Authors: Zhao Jingyun , Dai Yalei , Gao Jin , Deng Qianchun , Wan Chuyun , Li Bin , Zhou Bin
Published: October 2021

There was an extensive interest in food‐grade Pickering emulsions formulated by natural stabilisers owing to the gradual growing demand for pursuing green‐label products. Based on this, the desalted duck egg white nanogels (DEWN) combined with κ‐carrageenan (CAR) (CAR/DEWN) were used as stabilisers to prepare environment‐friendly Pickering emulsions. The DEWN and CAR/DEWN as well as the particles‐stabilised emulsions were all characterised. Compared with the DEWN‐ and CAR‐stabilised emulsions, Pickering emulsions based on CAR/DEWN were investigated to illustrate the long‐term stability according to the results of visual appearance, static multiple light scattering and centrifugation experiments. In addition, CAR/DEWN could prepare stable high internal phase emulsions, which may give a new perspective for nutraceutical or drug encapsulation and delivery. Adding CAR to the DEWN not only increased the apparent viscosity of the emulsions to 122.2% but also enhanced the thixotropic recovery rate to 87.7%. In general, CAR/DEWN as stabilisers significantly promoted the Pickering emulsions' properties, and provided a possibility for the application of Pickering emulsion in foods.
Automated differential diagnosis method for iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia trait based on iterative Chi2 feature selector
Authors: Erten Mehmet , Tuncer Turker
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The differential diagnosis of anemia is an important issue for hematology laboratories. We aimed at investigating the performance of a powerful computer‐based model to aid diagnosis.

Materials and methods

Our work presents a new feature selection‐based automated disease diagnosis model. To create a testbed, a new corpus is collected retrospectively. Our data sets contain beta thalassemia trait, iron deficiency anemia, and healthy groups. Our presented automated ailment classification model consists iterative chi2 (IChi2) feature selection and classification phases. The used data set includes 25 features, and IChi2 selects the 20 most valuable of them. These are forwarded to 24 traditional classifiers.

Results

In this work, two data sets have been used to test our proposal. In the classification phase of this model, 24 shallow classifiers have been used and the best accurate classifiers are Medium Gaussian Support Vector Machine (MGSVM) and Coarse Tree (CT) for the first and second data sets, respectively. These classifiers have been attained 97.48% and 99.73% classification accuracies using the first and second data sets, consecutively. These results are calculated using 10‐fold cross‐validation. Moreover, hold‐out validation has been used in this work, and the results are given in the experiments.

Conclusion

Our results denoted the success of IChi2‐based classification model for diagnosis on the laboratory data set. We have found a new and robust model to differentiate iron deficiency anemia and beta thalassemia trait. This model may be beneficial for rational laboratory use.
Le secteur de l'habillement à l'aube d'une nouvelle ère? Automatisation, emploi et relocalisation
Authors: BÁRCIA DE MATTOS Fernanda , EISENBRAUN Jeff , KUCERA David , ROSSI Arianna
Published: October 2021

L'automatisation est réputée nuire à l'emploi, notamment si les tâches sont répétitives et facilement codifiables. Les auteurs analysent la situation dans le secteur de l'habillement, une industrie créatrice d'emplois, qui permet d'accéder aux marchés mondiaux et joue à ce titre un rôle clé pour le développement. Ils montrent que l'automatisation reste limitée dans la branche, alors même que l'essentiel des emplois y sont routiniers. À partir d'entretiens conduits auprès de cadres de grandes enseignes du secteur, ils apportent un éclairage inédit sur l'usage actuel et prévisible des technologies, les freins à leur diffusion et leurs effets potentiels sur la géographie de la production et de l'emploi.
Más allá de la «Industria 4.0»: Las redes de fábricas B2B como alternativa para la transformación digital de la producción y el trabajo
Authors: BUTOLLO Florian , SCHNEIDEMESSER Lea
Published: October 2021

Partiendo de los postulados de Piore y Sabel (1984) sobre especialización flexible, se critica la unilateralidad del discurso de la Industria 4.0 contrastando este modelo de digitalización de las manufacturas con hallazgos empíricos sobre las redes de fábricas B2B mediadas por plataformas, cuya flexibilidad se deriva de la interconexión digital de multitud de pequeños fabricantes, más que de una sofisticada tecnología de producción. Los efectos que tendrán sobre el trabajo no quedan claros; frente al potencial de su paradigma de fabricación a pequeña escala similar al de la artesanía para mejorar el trabajo, existe el riesgo de competencia a la baja en las industrias sensibles a los precios.
Multimethodology for diagnosis and intervention in a prosthetics and orthotics factory in Brazil
Authors: Jahara Rafael da Costa , Lins Marcos Pereira Estellita
Published: October 2021

This paper develops an approach that articulates methods characterized as soft and hard Operational Research. This approach is known in the literature as Multimethodology, Hybrid Modeling, or Mixing Methods. As a Multi‐Paradigm Hybrid Study, the present research provides an interface between the qualitative and quantitative modeling of the problem addressed. In this way, it facilitates the engagement of managers with analysts in the search for solutions to problems. The applied objective is to improve the performance of production processes at a prosthetics and orthotics factory located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It applies a multimethodology to support evaluation and intervention using knowledge mapping and a discrete‐event simulation model. Lessons learned from integrated workshops enabled the devising of an alternative improvement scenario for orthotics manufacturing. Theoretical results are validated through effective intervention, providing an increase in production capacity and reduction of the manufacturing lead time. This was made possible through the understanding and engagement of stakeholders during the modeling process.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of self‐management interventions in people with a stoma
Authors: Goodman William , Allsop Matthew , Downing Amy , Munro Julie , Taylor Claire , Hubbard Gill , Beeken Rebecca J.
Published: October 2021

Aims

Explore the evidence from randomized controlled trials for the effect of self‐management interventions on quality of life, self‐management skills and self‐efficacy, and to explore which intervention characteristics are associated with effectiveness.

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

A search of the literature was conducted in these databases: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID) and PsychINFO (OVID) from January 2000 to February 2020.

Review methods

Studies were included if participants had a bowel stoma, were over the age of 18 and the design was a randomized controlled trial of a self‐management programme. The outcome measures for this review were quality of life, self‐management skills and self‐efficacy. The Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy was used to code interventions for underlying components and alongside other intervention characteristics, associations with improvements in outcomes were explored.

Results

The search identified 3141 articles, 16 of which were eligible. A meta‐analysis of self‐efficacy scores from five studies (N = 536) found an improvement in those that received the self‐management intervention at follow‐up with a 12‐point mean difference compared with the usual care group. Effects on quality of life and self‐management skills were mixed, and meta‐analyses of these data were not possible. Across 13 studies an average of 10 behaviour change techniques were used with, credible source (e.g. nurse, doctor, therapist) (n = 13), instruction on how to perform the behaviour (n = 13), demonstration of the behaviour (n = 12) used most often. The behaviour change technique of self‐monitoring was associated with an improvement in quality of life. The involvement of a nurse was associated with higher self‐efficacy and self‐management skills.

Conclusion

This review suggests that self‐management interventions can increase peoples’ self‐efficacy for managing their stoma.

Impact

A standardized approach to the reporting of interventions and the measures used is needed in future studies to better understand the effect on quality of life and self‐management skills.
“It's not easy to change the mentality”: Challenges to sex education delivery for persons with intellectual disability
Authors: Azzopardi‐Lane Claire
Published: October 2021

Background

Sex education for people with intellectual disability is in its infancy in countries where their sexual expression is still considered a taboo. This study aimed at exploring the experiences of professionals involved in providing sex education to people with intellectual disability across a number of services in a Maltese context.

Method

Qualitative research was conducted using interviews to explore professionals' experiences of sex education provision.

Results

Amid a persistent culture of sexual suppression, desexualisation, infantalization and control remain barriers to sex education delivery. Findings underline the need for services to have clear policies that aid professionals in delivering sex education, while mitigating conflicts encountered. Recommendations highlight sex positive environments and services, with a pro‐active approach to sex education.

Conclusion

In spite of internationally binding legislation and local policies, further changes need to be made on the ground to provide persons with intellectual disability with effective access to sex education.
LiCl attenuates impaired learning and memory of APP/PS1 mice, which in mechanism involves α7 nAChRs and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Xiang Jie , Ran Long‐Yan , Zeng Xiao‐Xiao , He Wen‐Wen , Xu Yi , Cao Kun , Dong Yang‐Ting , Qi Xiao‐Lan , Yu Wen‐Feng , Xiao Yan , Guan Zhi‐Zhong
Published: October 2021

We examined the mechanism by which lithium chloride (LiCl) attenuates the impaired learning capability and memory function of dual‐transgenic APP/PS1 mice. Six‐ or 12‐month‐old APP/PS1 and wild‐type (WT) mice were randomized into four groups, namely WT, WT+Li (100 mg LiCl/kg body weight, gavage once daily), APP/PS1 and APP/PS1+Li. Primary rat hippocampal neurons were exposed to β‐amyloid peptide oligomers (AβOs), LiCl and/or XAV939 (inhibitor of Wnt/β‐catenin) or transfected with small interfering RNA against the β‐catenin gene. In the cerebral zone of APP/PS1 mice, the level of Aβ was increased and those of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), phosphor‐GSK3β (ser9), β‐catenin and cyclin D1 (protein and/or mRNA levels) reduced. Two‐month treatment with LiCl at ages of 4 or 10 months weakened all of these effects. Similar expression variations were observed for these proteins in primary neurons exposed to AβOs, and these effects were attenuated by LiCl and aggravated by XAV939. Inhibition of β‐catenin expression lowered the level of α7 nAChR protein in these cells. LiCl attenuates the impaired learning capability and memory function of APP/PS1 mice via a mechanism that might involve elevation of the level of α7 nAChR as a result of altered Wnt/β‐catenin signalling.
Clinically relevant preservation conditions for mesenchymal stem/stromal cells derived from perinatal and adult tissue sources
Authors: Ngo Anh T. L. , Le Hang M. , Trinh Nhung T. H. , Jun Adriel Peng Guo , Bach Trung Q. , Bui Hue T. H. , Hoang Van T. , Bui Anh V. , Nguyen Liem T. , Hoang Duc M.
Published: October 2021

The interplay between mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and preservation conditions is critical to maintain the viability and functionality of these cells before administration. We observed that Ringer lactate (RL) maintained high viability of bone marrow–derived MSCs for up to 72 h at room temperature (18°C–22°C), whereas adipose‐derived and umbilical cord‐derived MSCs showed the highest viability for 72 h at a cold temperature (4°C–8°C). These cells maintained their adherence ability with an improved recovery rate and metabolic profiles (glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration) similar to those of freshly harvested cells. Growth factor and cytokine analyses revealed that the preserved cells released substantial amounts of leukaemia inhibitory factors (LIFs), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A), as well as multiple cytokines (eg IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐8, MPC‐1 and TNF‐α). Our data provide the simplest clinically relevant preservation conditions that maintain the viability, stemness and functionality of MSCs from perinatal and adult tissue sources.
Quantifying insect dispersal distances from trapping detections data to predict delimiting survey radii
Authors: Caton Barney P. , Fang Hui , Manoukis Nicholas C. , Pallipparambil Godshen R.
Published: October 2021

The spread potential of invasive pests is a major concern for delimitation, quarantine and eradication efforts. We analysed trapping survey detections data for five insects and one low‐dispersing mollusc to quantify 30‐day dispersal kernels (mean total distance [MTD], m). We hypothesized that MTD would increase with species’ reported diffusion coefficients (D, m2 per day), and that D could be used to predict containment radius lengths for delimiting surveys for exotic pests. We collected trapping data for the following six invasive pest species: European grapevine moth (EGVM; Lobesia botrana [Denis & Schiffermüller]), Giant African land snail (GALS; Lissachatina fulica [Bowdich]), Japanese beetle (JB; Popillia japonica [Newman]), Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly; Ceratitis capitata [Wiedemann]), Mexican fruit fly (Mexfly; Anastrepha ludens [Loew]) and Oriental fruit fly (OFF; Bactrocera dorsalis [Hendel]). We used K‐means clustering to group detections that were proximate in space and time, then finalized them manually. We calculated MTD from the cluster centroid for each detection. Probability histograms for MTD were fit to a two‐parameter exponential function, and from those functions we estimated species’ dispersal limits for four percentiles (99th to 99.99th). The least vagile species, GALS and EGVM, had the greatest decay rates, and smallest MTD and percentile distances. OFF, with the greatest reported D, had the smallest decay rates and greatest MTD and percentile distances. Medfly, Mexfly and JB had intermediate MTD and percentile distances. Each regression of percentile distance as a logarithmic function of D fit the data well. The best regression used adjusted 99.9th percentile distances. These empirical results indicated that many delimiting surveys currently in use are oversized; adopting the new recommendations could yield significant cost savings. These results could be a general solution for estimating delimiting survey radii (for durations of ca. 30 days) across a wide range of insect dispersal abilities.
Evolution of the anthropogenic chromium cycle in China
Authors: Gao Ziyan , Geng Yong , Zeng Xianlai , Tian Xu , Yao Tianli , Song Xiaoqian , Su Chang
Published: October 2021

Chromium (Cr) is a critical metal due to its essential economic importance and potential supply risk in contemporary society. Recycling of secondary chromium metals is a desirable sustainable strategy in responding to the soaring demand, but existing literatures have limitations in capturing the anthropogenic chromium cycle and thus fail to address the availability of such secondary resources. Under such a circumstance, this study aims to uncover China's chromium dynamic flows and stocks for the period of 2000–2019. The results show that China's chromium demand increased more than tenfold from 2000 to 2019 due to the rapid development of the stainless‐steel industry. The net Cr import to apparent Cr consumption (includes old scrap recycling) reached 94% in 2019, in which 69% of purchased virgin materials were imported from the African region (e.g., South Africa). The generation of end‐of‐life flows has been accelerating since 2000 and reached approximately 1,400 Gg in 2019, indicating more available secondary Cr resource and great recycling potential. However, the end‐of life recycling ratio (EOL‐RR) fluctuated during 2011–2015 and decreased to about 17% (uncertainty ranging from 7% to 24%) in 2019. Such findings reflect the unstable demand for old scrap and call for an integrated management of both primary and secondary chromium resources, with a special focus on accurate planning for scrap utilization. Possible solutions include the reengineering of sorting and processing for stainless‐steel scrap, the development of secondary resource markets, economic incentives for secondary resources, and the increased imports of secondary stainless‐steel materials.
Review of family‐based treatments from 2010 to 2019 for suicidal ideation and behavior
Authors: Frey Laura M. , Hunt Quintin A. , Russon Jody M. , Diamond Guy
Published: October 2021

Suicide ideation and behavior are pervasive public health issues. Given that positive interpersonal relationships can be a protective factor against suicide risk, we conducted a systematic review to examine peer‐reviewed publications from 2010 to 2019 that included empirical data, tested an intervention with at least some family component, and included a suicide‐related outcome measure. We reviewed and synthesized findings from 22 articles covering 7 intervention categories with 12 interventions to examine the treatment components and the quality of evidence to support them. Using Southam‐Gerow and Prinstein's (Child Adolesc Psychol 43:16, 2014) guidelines, we identified two well‐established intervention categories that met the highest standards for interventions and three probably efficacious intervention categories. All interventions found focused solely on suicide risk in adolescent populations. More studies are needed for adult populations and to explore the role of family moderators and mediators to test whether suicide outcomes are reduced by improvement in the family environment.
Cognitive ability in former professional football (soccer) players is associated with estimated heading frequency
Authors: Bruno Davide , Rutherford Andrew
Published: October 2021

Objectives

The link between football (soccer) headings and dementia risk is a concern given the popularity of this sport worldwide. To assess this link, the cognitive ability of former professional players was tested and self‐reported estimates on heading frequency were collected.

Methods

A survey was co‐designed with former players to gather demographics data; information on playing career, including playing position; estimates of total head injuries sustained in training and match play; and estimates of heading frequency during training and match play. Data then were collected by post from 60 males (mean age = 67.5; SD = 9.5), who had played professionally for teams in England. In addition to the survey, each individual also completed the Test Your Memory (TYM) self‐administered cognitive test to evaluate overall ability.

Results

Bayesian and traditional linear regression analyses were carried out using the TYM score as outcome. Predictors were estimated career head injuries and estimated career headers, while we controlled for age and reported non‐football head injuries. The results of our analyses showed that estimated career headers, but not estimated career head injuries, predicted TYM scores.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct evidence supporting a link between heading the ball and cognitive impairment in retired professional football players.
Predictably Unequal? The Effects of Machine Learning on Credit Markets
Authors: FUSTER ANDREAS , GOLDSMITH‐PINKHAM PAUL , RAMADORAI TARUN , WALTHER ANSGAR
Published: October 2021

Innovations in statistical technology in functions including credit‐screening have raised concerns about distributional impacts across categories such as race. Theoretically, distributional effects of better statistical technology can come from greater flexibility to uncover structural relationships or from triangulation of otherwise excluded characteristics. Using data on U.S. mortgages, we predict default using traditional and machine learning models. We find that Black and Hispanic borrowers are disproportionately less likely to gain from the introduction of machine learning. In a simple equilibrium credit market model, machine learning increases disparity in rates between and within groups, with these changes attributable primarily to greater flexibility.
Ruminal effects of excessive dietary sulphur in feedlot cattle
Authors: Castro Damián Jesús , Cerón‐Cucchi María Esperanza , Ortiz‐Chura Abimael , Depetris Gustavo Jesús , Irazoqui José Matías , Amadio Ariel Fernando , Cravero Silvio , Cantón Germán José
Published: October 2021

Sulphur (S) dietary excess can limit productive performance and increase polioencephalomalacia (PEM) incidence in feedlot cattle (FC). Sulphur excess ingested is transformed to hydrogen sulphide (H2S) by sulfo‐reducing ruminal bacteria (SRB), being high ruminal H2S concentration responsible for aforementioned damages. As the ruminal mechanisms involved in H2S concentrations increase have not been elucidated, this study aimed to evaluate the ruminal environment, and the association between ruminal H2S and dissimilatory SRB (DSRB) concentration in FC experimentally subjected to S dietary excess. Twelve crossbred steers were randomly assigned to one of two dietary S levels (6 animals per treatment): low (LS, 0.19% S) and high (HS, 0.39% S obtained by sodium sulfate inclusion at 0.86%). The study lasted 38 days, and on days 0, 22 and 38, ruminal gas samples were taken to quantify H2S concentration, and ruminal fluid to determine total bacteria, DSRB, protozoa, volatile fatty acid and ammonia nitrogen concentration. For ruminal H2S concentration, S dietary × sampling day interaction was significant (p < 0.001), so that the greater concentration was observed on days 22 and 38 with the HS diet. The remaining ruminal parameters were not affected by dietary S level, and no significant correlation between H2S and DSRB concentrations was observed. The ruminal adaptation that maximizes H2S production in FC consuming S excess does not seem to be associated with biological or biochemical alterations, nor DSRB concentration changes. The microbial diversity and ruminal environment were resilient to the S excess evaluated, suggesting that 0.39% of dietary S achieved by 0.86% sodium sulfate addition, could be used without disturbances on digestion nor health of FC.
Mixed messages about democratization in the many Mexicos
Authors: Behrend Jacqueline , Whitehead Laurence
Published: October 2021

The subnational variations within a country as diverse as Mexico can be as strong as the variation in democratic quality between different countries. In this article we present Mexico as an exemplary case study and build an analytical framework aimed at capturing the complexity of subnational democratization processes. The article argues that in a process of democratization, different structures and practices coexist—they mix, or become entangled. The entanglement of political structures and practices in a context of electoral democracy produces different configurations of subnational politics. The framework we propose seeks to identify the liberal and illiberal structures that are entangled in each state, through the examination of 12 dimensions that, based on previous studies, are considered relevant for Mexican subnational politics.
State of Mexico: Resistance to democratic change
Authors: Hernández‐Rodríguez Rogelio
Published: October 2021

This article reviews the institutional changes that have come about in the State of Mexico over the last two decades, even without alternation. Although the Institutional Revolutionary Party continues to govern, relations between powers have gone through profound changes, due to an intense competition among parties and in elections. Pluralism has spread, and the society, through different organizations and types of participation, has managed to intervene and monitor government workings. This pluralism has led to increasingly democratic conditions, with party alternations limited to the state Congress and the town halls.
Human plasma protein levels alter the in vitro antifungal activity of caspofungin: An explanation to the effect in critically ill?
Authors: Kurland Siri , Löwdin Elisabeth , Furebring Mia , Shams Ayda , Chryssanthou Erja , Lagerbäck Pernilla , Tängden Thomas , Breuer Olof , Sjölin Jan
Published: October 2021

Background

Recent studies have shown low caspofungin concentrations in critically ill patients. In some patients, the therapeutic target, area under the total plasma concentration curve in relation to the minimal inhibition concentration (AUCtot/MIC), seems not to be achieved and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been proposed. Caspofungin is highly protein‐bound and the effect of reduced plasma protein levels on pharmacodynamics has not been investigated.

Objectives

Fungal killing activity of caspofungin in vitro was investigated under varying levels of human plasma protein.

Methods

Time‐kill studies were performed with clinically relevant caspofungin concentrations of 1‐9 mg/L on four blood isolates of C. glabrata, three susceptible and one strain with reduced susceptibility, in human plasma and plasma diluted to 50% and 25% using Ringer's acetate.

Results

Enhanced fungal killing of the three susceptible strains was observed in plasma with lower protein content (p < .001). AUCtot/MIC required for a 1 log10 CFU/ml kill at 24 h in 50% and 25% plasma was reduced with 36 + 12 and 80 + 9%, respectively. The maximum effect was seen at total caspofungin concentrations of 4–9 × MIC. For the strain with reduced susceptibility, growth was significantly decreased at lower protein levels.

Conclusions

Reduced human plasma protein levels increase the antifungal activity of caspofungin in vitro, most likely by increasing the free concentration. Low plasma protein levels in critically ill patients with candidemia might explain a better response to caspofungin than expected from generally accepted target attainment and should be taken into consideration when assessing TDM based on total plasma concentrations.
Implementación de políticas de prevención y control de la obesidad infantil en Estados Unidos y Latinoamérica: lecciones para la investigación y la práctica transfronterizas
Authors: Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Vilar‐Compte Mireya , Rhodes Elizabeth , Sarmiento Olga L. , Corvalan Camila , Sturke Rachel , Vorkoper Susan
Published: October 2021

Aunque se han hecho avances en el desarrollo y aplicación a gran escala de intervenciones eficaces contra la obesidad infantil, los retos siguen siendo importantes. Nuestro objetivo era comprender las causas del éxito de Estados Unidos y los países latinoamericanos en la implementación de políticas y programas (PYP) contra la obesidad e identificar oportunidades de mejora aplicando los principios de la ciencia de la implementación. Seleccionamos tres estudios de comparación de casos: (1) el etiquetado frontal en los envases de alimentos (México y Chile), (2) los programas de calles abiertas y calles para el juego (Colombia y Estados Unidos) y (3) la Iniciativa Hospital Amigo de los Niños (IHAN) (Brasil y Estados Unidos). Resumimos la información obtenida a través de diversas fuentes (publicaciones científicas, bibliografía gris y entrevistas a informadores clave) para describir las barreras, facilitadores y avances de las PYP en todas las dimensiones del marco RE‐AIM. Una campaña de promoción basada en evidencias, junto con la voluntad de los poderes políticos y las evidencias sobre su impacto y sobre la posibilidad de implementarlas a mayor escala, fueron las claves del éxito del lanzamiento y aplicación de las PYP. Su diseño e implementación debían adaptarse a los distintos contextos. Se necesitan herramientas más potentes que permitan monitorear y evaluar los procesos y sus resultados, y también hacer un seguimiento de los indicadores de equidad para maximizar los beneficios de las PYP en la población. La ciencia de la implementación ofrece una importante contribución para cubrir lagunas de conocimiento y abrir un diálogo que mejore las políticas contra la obesidad. También ayudará a trasladar las lecciones aprendidas al resto del continente para que puedan utilizarse con fines de investigación y evaluación tanto durante la fase de desarrollo de las PYP como durante su aplicación y mantenimiento.
Entorno social y obesidad infantil: implicaciones para la investigación y la práctica en Estados Unidos y en los países latinoamericanos
Authors: Ayala Guadalupe X. , Monge‐Rojas Rafael , King Abby C. , Hunter Ruth , Berge Jerica M.
Published: October 2021

El entorno en el que viven los niños influye en su riesgo de sufrir obesidad debido, entre otros factores, a los comportamientos relacionados con el peso (es decir, a la dieta y la actividad física). En este artículo presentaremos evidencia sobre los factores socioambientales asociados a la dieta y la actividad física de los niños y, de forma más general, a la prevención y el control de la obesidad infantil entre los niños hispanos y latinos de Estados Unidos y los países latinoamericanos. Utilizando un enfoque socioecológico, presentaremos evidencia procedente de varios estudios transversales y longitudinales realizados en Estados Unidos con niños hispanos y latinos, así como de otros estudios realizados en Latinoamérica en los que también participaron niños. Nos hemos centrado especialmente en los estudios que analizan los factores relacionados con la crianza en el entorno doméstico (p. ej., estrategias de crianza) y, aunque en menor medida, también en los factores socioambientales relacionados con otros contextos de la vida (p. ej., la escuela). La influencia de la aculturación sobre las relaciones sociales transciende los límites del marco conceptual socioecológico. La investigación sobre intervenciones permitió identificar estrategias y brechas de investigación para intervenir los factores sociales que promueven comportamientos saludables y reducen el riesgo de obesidad infantil. Los trabajadores de salud comunitaria y otras formas de apoyo de los pares fueron identificados como elementos relevantes en múltiples niveles del marco socioecológico. Este artículo concluye brindando algunas líneas de trabajo para que futuras investigaciones comprendan mejor el entorno social usando las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Major Joints Fracture‐Dislocations
Authors: Zhao Wei‐guang , Ma Jiang‐tao , Yan Xiao‐li , Zhu Yan‐bin , Zhang Ying‐ze
Published: October 2021

Objective

To describe the epidemiological features of major joints fracture‐dislocations between 2015 and 2019.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled patients with majorintra‐articular fracture‐dislocations who were treated in the third hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019. A total of 582 patients (389 [66.84%] males and 193 [33.16%] females) were identified. The distribution characteristics of intra‐articular fracture‐dislocations involving shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle joints were included. The potential associations between fractures with concomitant dislocations and related factors, such as age, gender and sites were explored.

Results

There were 92 cases (15.81%) of shoulder joints, 67 cases (11.51%) of elbow joints, 45 cases (7.73%) of wrist joints, 181 cases (31.10%) of hip joints, 42 cases (7.22%) of knee joints, and 155 cases (26.63%) of ankle joints. The overall male‐to‐female ratio was 2.02:1.The highest proportion age group of the six types intra‐articular fracture‐dislocations included the ages 25‐34 years. For males, the highest proportion age group was 25‐34 years, for females, it was 45–54 years. For male patients, hip was the most common, accounted for 35.48%, but ankle fracture‐dislocation was the most common for females, accounted for 30.57%. The highest proportion age group of shoulder fracture‐dislocation included the ages 55‐64 years(22.83%), with a male to female ratio of 1.24:1. While the age group with the highest risk of elbow, wrist, hip, knee and ankle fracture‐ dislocation was 25‐34 years (28.36%) with a male to female ratio of 2.19:1, 25‐34 years (31.11%) with a male to female ratio of 8:1, 45‐54 years (27.07%) with a male to female ratio of 3.21:1, 15‐24 years (45.24%) with a male to female ratio of 0.75:1, 25‐44 years (43.87%) with a male to female ratio of 1.63:1, respectively. The most common site of joint fracture‐dislocation in different age groups was corresponding as follows, 0‐14 years(elbow), 15‐24 years(knee), 25‐34 years(hip), 35‐44 years(hip), 45‐54 years(hip), 55‐64 years(ankle), 65‐74 years(shoulder), ≥75 years(shoulder).

Conclusion

Major joints fracture‐dislocations were most common in the hip and the least common in the knee, and there were more men than women. Hip was the most common affected joint in men while ankle in women. Age and sex factors can significantly affect the location of intra articular fracture and dislocation. The current study could aid orthopaedic surgeons in a better understanding of this injury and help to implement targeted preventive measures.
Long‐term efficacy and adverse effects of outpatient procedural analgesia with nitrous oxide for a child with Epidermolysis Bullosa
Authors: Stoopler Michelle , Vigouroux Marie , Mohamed Nada , Macabuag Yandy , Ingelmo Pablo
Published: October 2021

Epidermolysis Bullosa is a dermatologic condition characterized by skin fragility and the formation of painful blisters all over the body. The course of this chronic hereditary disorder involves multiple painful procedures for which adequate analgesia is an ongoing challenge. This case report follows a previously‐described pediatric patient with the Dowling‐Meara variant of Epidermolysis Bullosa who was treated with at‐home nitrous oxide for daily procedural analgesia. We report on the long‐term effectiveness of this treatment in addition to any side effects encountered as a result of this treatment.
Advanced backcross‐quantitative trait loci mapping of grain yield, heading date, and their stability parameters in barley across multienvironmental trials in Egypt
Authors: Sayed Mohammed A. , Ali Mohamed B. , Bakry Bakry A. , El‐Sadek Ashraf N. , Léon Jens
Published: October 2021

Exploring the relationship between grain yield and heading date traits and their stability parameters at phenotypic, genetic, and molecular levels is the milestone for improving yield and adaptation in barley. We evaluated a mapping population comprising 298 doubled haploid lines in multienvironmental trials in Egypt. Composite interval mapping revealed 35 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with four pleiotropic QTLs. A major QTL bPb‐9110 (140.3 cM on 3H) with a peak LOD greater than 24 was found to be associated with the stability statistics bi and R2 of heading date. Additionally, the marker bPb‐1213 on 1H was correlated to heading date, grain yield, and the statistic bi (GYP). We also found that the gene HvFT4 (2H, 66 cM) had a significant impact on the heading date due to the presence of exotic alleles. This gene was closely linked to the photoperiod Ppd‐H1 gene by 24.9 cM, and both genes play a major role in regulating flowering time in barley. Our results provide evidence that stability statistics pinpoint genetic control and appear promising for marker‐assisted selection.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant in two pediatric patients testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2: A case report
Authors: Krajewski Jennifer , Chen Jing , Motiani Juhi , Baer Aryeh , Appel Burton , Zakrzewski Johannes , Hankewycz Melanie , Durning Nancy , Gillio Alfred
Published: October 2021

Background

The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic brought challenges to all areas of medicine. In pediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT), one of the biggest challenges was determining how and when to transplant patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 while mitigating the risks of COVID‐related complications.

Methods

Our joint adult and pediatric BMT program developed protocols for performing BMT during the pandemic, including guidelines for screening and isolation. For patients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, the general recommendation was to delay BMT for at least 14 days from the start of infection and until symptoms improved and the patient twice tested negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, delaying BMT in patients with malignancy increases the risk of relapse.

Results

We opted to transplant two SARS‐CoV‐2 persistently PCR positive patients with leukemia at high risk of relapse. One patient passed away early post‐BMT of a transplant‐related complication. The other patient is currently in remission and doing well.

Conclusion

These cases demonstrate that when the risk associated with delaying BMT is high, it may be reasonable to proceed to transplant in pediatric leukemia patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.
Supporting the spatial management of invasive alien plants through assessment of landscape dynamics and connectivity
Authors: Machado Rui , Neto Duarte Liliana , Gil Artur , Sousa‐Neves Nuno , Pirnat Janez , Santos Pedro
Published: October 2021

Invasive alien species are responsible for several negative impacts worldwide. Managing biological invasions is often difficult and the success rate is quite low, but with good planning it is possible to achieve good results. Besides employing the correct methods and techniques, an overall strategy based on landscape dynamics and expected spatial patterns can be fundamental to achieve success. The decision of where to act can be embedded in a general strategy based on several criteria/goals such as control of large populations, connectivity disruption, and so on. This work focused onAcacia dealbatain a Natura 2000 site in Portugal, how the current amount and distribution can affect the spread pattern, and different possible strategies to approach the management. Based on the species dispersal traits, we argue that not only the area but also the perimeter (therefore, the shape) and location of the patches should be considered when fighting the invasion. Three scenarios were designed and compared using the perimeter–area ratio, a landscape dynamics analysis, and a connectivity index. Results show that removing the patches with higher perimeter–area ratio (mostly small satellite patches) would be more impactful than removing the larger patch or removing random intermediary perimeter–area patches first. After this approach based on landscape dynamics, the employment of a connectivity assessment provided an ordered list of patches to remove sequentially. Overall, this approach can be valuable in the early steps of the planning process, supporting better decisions regarding the available resources and contributing to maximize the effectiveness of the action.
Telescope Matching for Reducing Model Dependence in the Estimation of the Effects of Time-Varying Treatments: An Application to Negative Advertising
Authors: Blackwell Matthew , Strezhnev Anton
Published: October 2021

Time-varying treatments are prevalent in the social sciences. For example, a political campaign might decide to air attack ads against an opponent, but this decision to go negative will impact polling and, thus, future campaign strategy. If an analyst naively applies methods for point exposures to estimate the effect of earlier treatments, this would lead to post-treatment bias. Several existing methods can adjust for this type of time-varying confounding, but they typically rely on strong modelling assumptions. In this paper, we propose a novel two-step matching procedure for estimating the effect of two-period treatments. This method, telescope matching, reduces model dependence without inducing post-treatment bias by using matching with replacement to impute missing counterfactual outcomes. It then employs flexible regression models to correct for bias induced by imperfect matches. We derive the asymptotic properties of the telescope matching estimator and provide a consistent estimator for its variance. We illustrate telescope matching by investigating the effect of negative campaigning in US Senate and gubernatorial elections. Using the method, we uncover a positive effect on turnout of negative ads early in a campaign and a negative effect of early negativity on vote shares.