bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative determination of the total content γ-pyrone Compounds in the aerial part of Halenia corniculata by HPLC
Authors:   Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shishmareva Tatiana M.
Published: February 2021

This work presents the results of a quantitative determination of the total content of γ-pyrone compounds in the aerial part of Halenia corniculata using the HPLC method, where the standard samples of 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone and 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone. The main active ingredients of H. corniculata are xanthones and flavones, and this plant can be used as a possible source of available phenol compounds. To determine the total content of xanthones and flavones in the aerial part of H. corniculata, the hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions were studied. During the experiment, 13 compounds were found in the hexane fraction of H. corniculata, among which the content of 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone is 43.07% of the mass of the hexane fraction and 1.44% of the mass of absolutely dry raw materials, and 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone – 22.20% by weight of the hexane fraction and 0.74% by weight of absolutely dry raw materials. In the chloroform fraction of H. corniculata, 17 compounds were found, and 1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone (6.26% of the mass of the chloroform fraction and 0.20% of the mass of absolutely dry raw materials) and 1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone (4.22% by weight of the chloroform fraction and 0.13% by weight of absolutely dry raw materials). In the study of the ethyl acetate fraction of H. corniculata, 14 compounds were found, among which 1 component was identified – luteolin, the content of which is 68.26% of the weight of the ethyl acetate fraction and 2.41% of the weight of absolutely dry raw material. The total content of γ-pyrone compounds in the aerial part of H. corniculata is 4.92% (based on the weight of the absolute dry raw material).
Synthesis of 5-aryl-4-acyl-3-hydroxy- 1-carboxymethyl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones
Authors:   Perm State Academy of Pharmacy, Gein Vladimir L. , Pastukhova Evgenia V. ,   Perm State Academy of Pharmacy
Published: February 2021

5-Aryl-1,4-disubstituted terahydropyrrole-2,3-diones are five-membered nitrogen heterocycles containing in the first alkyl position or an aryl functionalized substituent and in the fourth position in another state of nature an acyl residue. Trahydropyrrole-2,3-diones constitute a significant class of available and stable substances. Along with this, they easily enter into reactions with various nucleophilic reagents due to the highly reactive carbonyl group in the third position of the heterocycle. The presence of the latter, as well as the carbonyl group of the side chain, makes it possible to form various condensed systems from heterocycles in reactions with binucleophilic reagents. The synthesis of biologically active substances based on 1,4,5-trisubstituted tetrahydropyrrole-2,3-diones is one of the promising ways of using this class of compounds. Previously, it was found that 1,4,5-trisubstituted 3-hydroxy-3-pyrin-2-ones have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, nootropic, antiplatelet and antiviral activity. We set the task to obtain 5-aryl-4-acyl-3-hydroxy-3-pyrrolin-2-ones, in the first position of the heterocycle there is a carboxymethyl substituent. By setting up a three-component reaction of acylpyruvic acid ether with aromatic aldehydes and glycine in dioxane in dioxane. The structure of the compound was established on the basis of IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy data. Based on the data of 1H NMR spectroscopy and a positive reaction with an alcoholic solution of iron(III) chloride, the predominant presence of compounds in the enol form was established. The article presents the proposed mechanism and schemes of the formula for the synthesis of 5-aryl-4-acyl-3-hydroxy-1-carboxymethyl-3-pyrrolin-2-ones, their physicochemical and spectral characteristics, as well as the yields of the reaction products.
Applications of optical descriptors for estimating the amount of sulphur in high viscosity petroleum fractions from the Ashalchinsk oil field
Authors:   Institute of Physics and Technology of Bashkir State University, Dolomatova Milana M. , Hairudinov Rashid I. ,   Institute of Physics and Technology of Bashkir State University, Hairudinov Ildar R. ,   Institute of Physics and Technology of Bashkir State University, Kovaleva Ella A. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: February 2021

The article proposes a predictive mathematical model to determine the concentration of sulphur in hydrocarbon fractions by the boiling point of the fractions and the refractive index determined by the the sodium yellow line. The model allows for non-linearity of changes in the fractional composition and optical properties with an increase in the amount of sulphur in a multicomponent mixture. Due to the complexity of the multicomponent system, the problem to predict the sulphur concentration was solved using multivariate regression analysis. The model was constructed using a physical and chemical descriptor (boiling point) and an optical descriptor (refractive index). The Ashalchinskoye heavy oil was used as an object for research in this work. The Ashalchinskoye field is one of the most promising fields for industrial development of high-viscosity oil in the territory of Republic of Tatarstan. The authors have analyzed the fractional composition and studied the properties of ashalchinsk oil fractions. Methods for determining the fractional composition were carried out according to the ASTM D 2892-18 Standard Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column) using the fully computer controlled unit "I-Fisher DIST D-2892/5236 CC" in the range from 200 to 400 oC. The refractive index nD20 was determined using an IRF-454B2M multipurpose laboratory refractometer. The sulfur content in oil fractions was determined in accordance with GOST R 51947-02 and ASTM D 4294 by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy using a sulphur analyzer RX-360SH manufactured by Tanaka Scientific Limited (Japan); for coke residue in accordance with GOST 2059-95 (ISO 351-96) by the POST-2 apparatus manufactured by Millab (Moscow, Russia). In this paper has been made a comparison between the results obtained from regression model and experimental results were for training and testing samples of high-viscosity oil fractions analyzed. Results of numerical studies for Ashalchinsk high-viscosity oil with a high sulphur content demonstrated very good agreement with the experimental data, which suggest adequacy of mathematical model. The data obtained from the model can be used in the preparation of high-viscosity oils for transportation and processing.
Monitoring of raw milk safety by chemical and microbiological indicators in the Republic of Tatarstan for the first half of the year 2020
Authors:   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Samatova Albina A. , Faskhutdinova Elvira F. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Koroleva Lidia S. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Мakaeva Alsu R. ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety
Published: February 2021

Milk is one of the main food products for the population, as it contains the necessary proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. However, milk and dairy products can be sources of pathogens of many infectious diseases. In addition, they may contain harmful substances of chemical origin (heavy metal salts, pesticides, etc.). Also, the number of somatic cells is one of the main indicators of milk safety and determines its suitability for processing. In this regard, the implementation of the examination of dairy products becomes particularly relevant. The article presents the results of studies of raw milk of agricultural enterprises and farms of private entrepreneurs of various regions of the Republic of Tatarstan on the indicators of chemical and microbiological safety, performed in the first half of 2020. Raw milk was examined for such organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators as fat content, protein, mass fraction of skimmed milk powder, acidity, purity group, density and microbiological indicators in accordance with regulatory documentation. According to the results of research, it was found that all milk samples had good consumer properties. Heavy metal salts, pesticides, mycotoxins, antibiotics, radionuclides, and genetically modified organisms were not found in the studied samples of raw milk. According to microbiological indicators, the samples studied met the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union. Nevertheless, in 20 samples of raw milk, the number of somatic cells exceeds the standard indicators. It follows that the results of the study indicate the need for monitoring the safety of raw milk.
Determination of the main spectral characteristics and conditions for the extraction of the cationic dye pyronine G with higher carboxylic acids
Authors:   Belarusian State Pedagogical University, Zhylko Viachaslau U. , Nekhan Natalia V. ,   Belarusian State University
Published: February 2021

The selection of the suitable cationic dye is one of the key steps in extraction-photometric methods for the quantitative determination of hydrophobic anions, in particular, higher carboxylic acids. No less important is the reasonable selection of the required polar phase pH for extraction systems. It is because higher carboxylic acids are well extracted by non-polar phase in molecular form. It was found that, in contrast to other cationic dyes, pyronine G, which is stable in high alkaline pH values, is well extracted in form of ionic associates with higher carboxylic acids. The optimal composition of organic phase (5% solution by volume of n-octanol-1 in heptane) was found for quantitative analysis of higher carboxylic acids in the form of associates with pyronine G, at which the blank sample has a rather low optical density. Molar extinction coefficient of dyes for quantitative photometric analysis is an equally important characteristic of their optical properties. These properties depend on not only the nature of the substance itself, but also on the solvent. The molar extinction coefficients for organic (5.3·104 l·mol-1·cm-1) and aqueous phases (3.6·104 l·mol-1·cm-1) were determined for the above-found optimal extraction system for pyronine G with palmitic acid (water – 5% solution by volume of n-octanol-1 in heptane). They are 1.5-2 times higher than the molar extinction coefficients of safranin T and other cationic dyes used in the photometric analysis of hydrophobic acids in high alkaline pH values. Thus, the cationic dye pyronine G use for quantitative extraction-photometric analysis of higher carboxylic acids seems to be very promising.
Сomprehensive approach to expert identification of the common source of origin of drugs
Authors:   Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Named after V.Ya. Kikotya, Zavialova Anna A. , Zavialov Vasily V. ,   27 Scientific Center of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
Published: February 2021

The article proposes an algorithm for conducting a comprehensive comparative study of various drug samples to determine their common source of origin using not only methods of physical and chemical analysis, but also the possibilities of tracological examination of their packages and tablet forms. The use of this algorithm with expert research for establishment of common origin of different samples of controlled substances will help to achieve the study objectives with maximum efficiency and speed is extremely important aspect to optimize the timing of expert studies in the framework of forensic support operative-investigative and procedural activities of law enforcement agencies to curb illegal traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The authors indicate that when conducting a comprehensive comparative study of samples of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances both in the framework of operational search activities and in the course of forensic examination, employees of expert forensic units of internal affairs bodies can assist criminal investigation officers in forming an evidence base on the facts of direct trafficking of controlled substances, contact of a suspect with controlled substances, in particular with a specific sample of a drug or psychotropic substance, production, storage, transportation of controlled substances by a suspected person in principle and a specific sample of them, the belonging of various persons suspected of involvement in the illegal trafficking of controlled substances to one organized criminal group, as well as the identification of the entire chain involved in the organization of this illegal trafficking. Provides options to make conclusions on the results of comprehensive comparative studies of different samples of drugs and psychotropic methods of physico-chemical and tracological examination and their interpretation for the purposes of detection and suppression of illegal drug trafficking.
The Young Massive Star Cluster Westerlund 2 Observed with MUSE. III. A Cluster in Motion—The Complex Internal Dynamics
Authors: Zeidler Peter , Sabbi Elena , Nota Antonella , McLeod Anna F.
Published: February 2021

Analyzing the dynamical state of nearby young massive star clusters is essential for understanding star cluster formation and evolution during their earliest stages. In this work we analyze the stellar and gas kinematics of the young massive star cluster Westerlund 2 (Wd2) using data from the integral field unit Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) and complement them with proper motions from the Gaia DR2. The mean gas radial velocity of 15.9 km s−1 agrees with the assumption that Wd2 is the result of a cloud–cloud collision. The gas motions show the expansion of the H ii region, driven by the radiation from the many OB stars in the cluster center. The velocity profile of the cluster member stars reveals an increasing velocity dispersion with decreasing stellar mass and that the low-mass stars show five distinct velocity groups. Based on their spatial correlation with the cluster’s two clumps, we concluded that this is the imprint of the initial cloud collapse that formed Wd2. A thorough analysis of the dynamical state of Wd2, which determines a dynamical mass range of M
dyn,Wd2 = (7.5 ± 1.9) × 104 − (4.4 ± 1.1) × 105
M
⊙ and exceeds the photometric mass by at least a factor of two, leads to the conclusion that Wd2 is not massive enough to remain gravitationally bound. Additionally we also identify 22 runaway candidates with peculiar velocities between 30 and 546 km s−1.
Threaded-field-line Model for the Low Solar Corona Powered by the Alfvén Wave Turbulence
Authors: Sokolov Igor V. , Holst Bart van der , Manchester Ward B. , Su Ozturk Doga Can , Szente Judit , Taktakishvili Aleksandre , Tóth Gábor , Jin Meng , Gombosi Tamas I.
Published: February 2021

We present an updated global model of the solar corona, including the transition region. We simulate the realistic three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field using the data from the photospheric magnetic field measurements and assume the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Alfvén wave turbulence and its nonlinear dissipation to be the only source for heating the coronal plasma and driving the solar wind. In closed-field regions, the dissipation efficiency in a balanced turbulence is enhanced. In the coronal holes, we account for a reflection of the outward-propagating waves, which is accompanied by the generation of weaker counterpropagating waves. The nonlinear cascade rate degrades in strongly imbalanced turbulence, thus resulting in colder coronal holes. The distinctive feature of the presented model is the description of the low corona as almost-steady-state low-beta plasma motion and heat flux transfer along the magnetic field lines. We trace the magnetic field lines through each grid point of the lower boundary of the global corona model, chosen at some heliocentric distance, R = R

b
 ∼ 1.1R
⊙, well above the transition region. One can readily solve the plasma parameters along the magnetic field line from 1D equations for the plasma motion and heat transport together with the Alfvén wave propagation, which adequately describe the physics within the heliocentric distance range R
⊙ < R < R

b
, in the low solar corona. By interfacing this threaded-field-line model with the full MHD global corona model at r = R

b
, we find the global solution and achieve a faster-than-real-time performance of the model on ∼200 cores.
GHOST: Using Only Host Galaxy Information to Accurately Associate and Distinguish Supernovae
Authors: Gagliano Alex , Narayan Gautham , Engel Andrew , Kind Matias Carrasco ,   (The LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration)
Published: February 2021

We present GHOST, a database of 16,175 spectroscopically classified supernovae (SNe) and the properties of their host galaxies. We have constructed GHOST using a novel host galaxy association method that employs deep postage stamps of the field surrounding a transient. Our gradient ascent method achieves fewer misassociations for low-z hosts and higher completeness for high-z hosts than previous methods. Using dimensionality reduction, we identify the host galaxy properties that distinguish SN classes. Our results suggest that the host galaxies of superluminous SNe, Type Ia SNe, and core-collapse SNe can be separated by brightness and derived extendedness measures. Next, we train a random forest model to predict SN class using only host galaxy information and the radial offset of the SN. We can distinguish Type Ia SNe and core-collapse SNe with ∼70% accuracy without any photometric or spectroscopic data from the event itself. Vera C. Rubin Observatory will usher in a new era of transient population studies, demanding improved photometric tools for rapid identification and classification of transient events. By identifying the host features with high discriminatory power, we will maintain SN sample purities and continue to identify scientifically relevant events as data volumes increase. The GHOST database and our corresponding software for associating transients with host galaxies are both publicly available through the astro_ghost package.
Far-Infrared Line Diagnostics: Improving N/O Abundance Estimates for Dusty Galaxies
Authors: Peng B. , Lamarche C. , Stacey G. J. , Nikola T. , Vishwas A. , Ferkinhoff C. , Rooney C. , Ball C. , Brisbin D. , Higdon J. , Higdon S. J. U.
Published: February 2021

The nitrogen-to-oxygen (N/O) abundance ratio is an important diagnostic of galaxy evolution because the ratio is closely tied to the growth of metallicity and the star formation history in galaxies. Estimates for the N/O are traditionally made with optical lines that could suffer from extinction and excitation effects, so the N/O is arguably measured better through far-infrared (far-IR) fine-structure lines. Here we show that the [N iii]57 μm/[O iii]52 μm line ratio, denoted N3O3, is a physically robust probe of N/O. This parameter is insensitive to gas temperature and only weakly dependent on electron density. Although it has a dependence on the hardness of the ionizing radiation field, we show that it is well corrected when the [Ne iii]15.5 μm/[Ne ii]12.8 μm line ratio is included. We verify the method, and characterize its intrinsic uncertainties by comparing the results to photoionization models. We then apply our method to a sample of nearby galaxies using new observations obtained with SOFIA/FIFI-LS in combination with available Herschel/PACS data, and the results are compared with optical N/O estimates. We find evidence for a systematic offset between the far-IR and optically derived N/O. We argue that the likely reason is that our far-IR method is biased toward younger and denser H ii regions, while the optical methods are biased toward older H ii regions as well as diffuse ionized gas. This work provides a local template for studies of the abundance of interstellar medium in the early Universe.
Nitrogen Dioxide Pollution as a Signature of Extraterrestrial Technology
Authors: Kopparapu Ravi , Arney Giada , Haqq-Misra Jacob , Lustig-Yaeger Jacob , Villanueva Geronimo
Published: February 2021

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on Earth today has biogenic and anthropogenic sources. During the Covid-19 pandemic, observations of global NO2 emissions have shown a significant decrease in urban areas. Drawing upon this example of NO2 as an industrial byproduct, we use a one-dimensional photochemical model and synthetic spectral generator to assess the detectability of NO2 as an atmospheric technosignature on exoplanets. We consider cases of an Earth-like planet around Sun-like, K-dwarf, and M-dwarf stars. We find that NO2 concentrations increase on planets around cooler stars because there are fewer short-wavelength photons that can photolyze NO2. In cloud-free results, present Earth-level NO2 on an Earth-like planet around a Sun-like star at 10 pc can be detected with signal-to-noise ratio ∼5 within ∼400 hr with a 15 m LUVOIR-like telescope when observed in the 0.2–0.7 μm range where NO2 has a strong absorption. However, clouds and aerosols can reduce the detectability and could mimic the NO2 feature. Historically, global NO2 levels were 3× higher, indicating the capability of detecting a civilization at the stage where Earth’s civilization was 40 yr ago. Transit and direct imaging observations to detect infrared spectral signatures of NO2 on habitable planets around M-dwarfs would need several hundred hours of observation time, both due to weaker NO2 absorption in this region and because of masking features by dominant H2O and CO2 bands in the infrared part of the spectrum. Non-detection at these levels could be used to place upper limits on the prevalence of NO2 as a technosignature.
Extremely Low Molecular Gas Content in the Vicinity of a Red Nugget Galaxy at z = 1.91
Authors: Morishita T. , D’Amato Q. , Abramson L. E. , Abdurro’uf  , Stiavelli M. , Lucas R. A.
Published: February 2021

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 5 observations of a galaxy at z = 1.91, GDS24569, in search of molecular gas in its vicinity via the [C i] 3P1–3P0 line. GDS24569 is a massive (

), passively evolving galaxy, characterized by compact morphology with an effective radius of ∼0.5 kpc. We apply two blind detection algorithms to the spectral data cubes and find no promising detection in or around GDS24569 out to a projected distance of ∼320 kpc, while a narrow tentative line (4.1σ) is identified at +1200 km s−1 by one of the algorithms. From the nondetection of [C i], we place a 3σ upper limit on molecular hydrogen mass, ∼ 7.1 × 109
M
⊙, which converts to an extremely low gas-to-stellar mass fraction of ≲ 5%. We conduct a spectral energy distribution modeling by including optical to far-infrared data and find a considerably high ( ∼ 0.1%) dust-to-stellar mass ratio, i.e., ∼10–100× higher than those of local early-type galaxies. In combination with a previous result of an insufficient number of surrounding satellite galaxies, it is suggested that GDS24569 is unlikely to experience significant size evolution via satellite mergers. We discuss possible physical mechanisms that quenched GDS24569.
Deciphering the 3D Orion Nebula. III. Structure on the NE Boundary of the Orion-S Embedded Molecular Cloud
Authors: O’Dell C. R. , Abel N. P. , Ferland G. J.
Published: February 2021

We have extended the work of Papers I and II of this series to determine at a higher spatial resolution the properties of the embedded Orion-S Molecular Cloud that lies within the ionized cavity of the Orion Nebula and of the thin ionized layer that lies between the Cloud and the observer. This was done using existing and new [N ii] (658.3 nm) and [O iii] (500.7 nm) spectra that map the central region of the Orion Nebula (the Huygens region). Although our observations show that the surface brightness of the ionized layer on the Orion-S Molecular Cloud and that of the nearer foreground ionized layer are linked, the process by which this is done is unclear. It is shown that the Cloud modifies the outer parts of the Huygens region in the direction of the extended hot X-ray gas.
Measurement of Absolute Single and Double Electron Capture Cross Sections for O6+ Ion Collisions with CO2, CH4, H2, and N2
Authors: Han J. , Wei L. , Wang B. , Ren B. , Yu W. , Zhang Y. , Zou Y. , Chen L. , Xiao J. , Wei B.
Published: February 2021

The absolute electron capture cross sections for single and double charge exchanges (CEs) between the highly charged ion O6+ and CO2, CH4, H2, and N2, the dominant collision processes in the solar wind, have been measured in the energies from 7 keV · q (2.63 keV u−1) to 52 keV · q (19.5 keV u−1). These measurements were carried out in the new experimental instrument setup at Fudan University, and the errors of the cross sections for single and double CEs at the 1σ confidence level were about 11% and 16%, respectively. Limited agreement is achieved with single electron capture results calculated by the classical overbarrier model. These cross section data are useful for the simulation of ion–neutral processes in astrophysical environments and to improve the present theoretical model of fundamental atomic processes.
ALMA Reveals a Cloud–Cloud Collision that Triggers Star Formation in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Neelamkodan Naslim , Tokuda Kazuki , Barman Susmita , Kondo Hiroshi , Sano Hidetoshi , Onishi Toshikazu
Published: February 2021

We present the results of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations in 12CO(1–0) emission at 0.58 × 0.52 pc2 resolution toward the brightest H ii region N66 of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The 12CO(1–0) emission toward the north of N66 reveals clumpy filaments with multiple velocity components. Our analysis shows that a blueshifted filament at a velocity range of 154.4–158.6 km s−1 interacts with a redshifted filament at a velocity of 158.0–161.8 km s−1. A third velocity component at a velocity range of 161–165.0 km s−1 constitutes hub-filaments. An intermediate-mass young stellar object (YSO) and a young pre-main-sequence star cluster have hitherto been reported in the intersection of these filaments. We find a V-shape distribution in the position–velocity diagram at the intersection of two filaments. This indicates the physical association of those filaments due to a cloud–cloud collision. We determine the collision timescale ∼0.2 Myr using the relative velocity (∼5.1 km s−1) and displacement (∼1.1 pc) of those interacting filaments. These results suggest that the event occurred about 0.2 Myr ago and triggered the star formation, possibly an intermediate-mass YSO. We report the first observational evidence for a cloud–cloud collision that triggers star formation in N66N of the low metallicity ∼0.2 Z
⊙ galaxy, the SMC, with similar kinematics as in N159W-South and N159E of the Large Magellanic Cloud.
Eight Blue E+A Galaxy Candidates Located inside a Large-scale Filament in the Coma Cluster
Authors: Ostling William , Wurmser Serena , Kerrison Nicole , Liu Charles
Published: February 2021

E+A galaxies are post-starburst galaxies that have recently undergone quenching of their star formation, making them a valuable source for studying the evolution of galaxies. Using the SDSS Data Release 16, we found 13 “blue” E+A galaxy candidates and 117 “green” E+A galaxy candidates in and around the Coma cluster of galaxies. Blue E+A galaxies tend to be younger than green E+A galaxies, giving us a picture of how young galaxies transform into E+A galaxies. Based on their positions in R.A./decl./velocity space, we found that 8 of the blue E+A galaxy candidates seem to be located inside a large-scale galactic filament emanating from the center of the Coma Cluster. Their locations suggest there is an unusually high number of E+A galaxies throughout the filament. We have not yet determined whether these E+A galaxy candidates formed through merging or ram pressure stripping.
The Correlated Response of the Narrow FeKα Emission Line to the Primary Continuum Changes in the Seyfert Galaxy NGC 2992
Authors: Ghosh Ritesh , Pal Main
Published: February 2021

The intensely varying Active Galactic nucleus (AGN) NGC 2992, on timescales of days to years, provides us with a unique testbed to study the response of the narrow FeKα emission line to the changes in the primary 2–10  keV AGN continuum. We find a strong correlation between the narrow FeKα line flux and the 2–10  keV flux with a Spearman correlation coefficient s = 0.70 and probability p < 0.001, over a period of ∼20 yr. There is no evidence of such a correlation in <1 yr, but the FeKα flux responds at ∼3 yr timescales, allowing us to put the reprocessor distance scale to 0.3 pc ≤ d ≤ 1 pc, consistent with that of torus reflection. The primary 2–10  keV continuum of NGC 2992 undergoes a high-low-high transition in ∼16 yr (2003–2019). Future long term monitoring will be crucial.
Potencialidades da tecnologia do plasma na conservação de alimentos: uma revisão
Authors: Medeiros Jovilma Maria Soares de , Soares Karoline Mikaelle de Paiva , Moraes Francisca Pereira de
Published: February 2021

Uma das grandes preocupações da indústria alimentícia é a conservação dos alimentos e o aumento da sua vida útil. Dentre os métodos inovadores de conservação, o uso do plasma apresenta vantagens em relação a métodos convencionais, por não gerar resíduos que permaneçam nos produtos aos quais é aplicado. Os estudos realizados são majoritariamente com carnes e produtos cárneos, demonstrando eficácia dessa tecnologia sobre diversos microrganismos, incluindo os de importância em saúde pública, como Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Salmonella sp., caracterizando tal método como uma ferramenta promissora na área de alimentos. Nesse contexto, esta revisão fornece uma visão geral sobre a utilização do plasma como método de conservação de alimentos, objetivando discussão acerca dessa temática.
Elaboração de muffin de banana sem glúten e com adição de farinha de berinjela
Authors: De Brito Mariana Aparecida , Morato Priscila Neder , Benedetti Silvia
Published: February 2021

A substituição de farinhas convencionais por farinhas sem glúten tem sido uma prática comum nas indústrias, para produção de alimentos destinados a celíacos. Dentre os produtos de panificação, os muffins são uma boa alternativa por serem simples, de fácil preparo e que podem ser enriquecidos com diversas farinhas, como a farinha de berinjela, rica em fibras, vitaminas e minerais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração de muffin de banana sem glúten com adição de farinha de berinjela. Foram elaboradas quatro formulações, sendo uma formulação padrão (farinha de arroz) e as demais com adição de 5, 10 e 15% de farinha de berinjela. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas (umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídeos e fibra bruta) e avaliação sensorial de aceitabilidade. A análise sensorial foi realizada com uma equipe piloto de laboratório com 50 provadores. Os atributos avaliados foram cor, sabor, odor, textura e impressão global, mediante escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos e questionário sobre intenção de compra e preferência. As formulações apresentaram diferenças significativas entre si (p menor que 0,05) nos atributos cor, sabor e impressão global e todas as formulações obtiveram aceitabilidade acima de 7: “gostei moderadamente”, sendo as formulações Padrão e a com adição de 15% de farinha de berinjela as que apresentaram maiores notas. Com relação às análises físico-químicas, as formulações diferiram entre si apenas nos teores de fibras e cinzas, sendo que a formulação com adição de 15% de farinha de berinjela apresentou maior teor de fibras (13,3 %). A adição de farinha de berinjela mostrou-se uma boa alternativa para uso em produtos de panificação, agregando valor nutricional e servindo de alternativa para elaboração de produtos alimentícios para celíacos.
Efeito do pH na sobrevivência de Bifidobacterium animalis em matriz de fruta
Authors: Silva Laura Carvalho da , Kunigk Cynthia Jurkiewicz
Published: February 2021

Alimentos probióticos que possam ser consumidos por pessoas com intolerância a produtos lácteos estão em crescente demanda. Para colaborar com o desenvolvimento de alimentos probióticos à base de frutas, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a sobrevivência de Bifidobacteium animalis em matriz de ameixa com diferentes valores de pH (3,5, 4,0, 5,0, 6,0, e 7,0) durante 42 dias de armazenamento em refrigeração. A matriz de ameixa foi produzida com ameixa seca, xarope de glicose e frutose, sacarose, e pectina e apresentou atividade de água de 0,91, com a textura semelhante a uma geleia. O pH foi ajustado com adição de ácido cítrico ou bicarbonato de sódio. Os dados foram ajustados ao modelo de distribuição de Weibull e o tempo para a primeira redução decimal da contagem do probiótico para cada pH foi determinado. Os resultados mostraram que a maior sobrevivência da bactéria ocorreu nas matrizes com pH 5,0, e 6,0 indicando que o produto apresenta potencial como alimento probiótico não lácteo. As maiores velocidades de morte ocorreram nas matrizes com pH 3,5 e 4,0. A matriz de pH 5,0, após 42 dias de armazenamento apresentou 6,28 Log UFC/g e o tempo para a redução de 1 Log UFC/g ocorreu apenas com 32 dias de armazenamento a 4°C. Os valores de pH nas matrizes de ameixa com pH 6,0 e 7,0 apresentaram variações decrescente durante o período de armazenamento, sugerindo atividade metabólica da bactéria.
Elaboração de iogurte com adição de aveia e linhaça dourada
Authors: De Carvalho Gabriela Nantes , Morato Priscila Neder , Benedetti Silvia
Published: February 2021

O iogurte é um alimento obtido através da coagulação e diminuição do pH do leite, através da fermentação láctea mediante a ação proto-simbiótica de Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. Bulgaricus e Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração, avaliação físico-química, microbiológica e sensorial de iogurtes com adição de aveia e linhaça dourada. Foram elaboradas três formulações: sem adição de aveia e linhaça dourada (Padrão), com adição de 1% de aveia e 1% linhaça dourada (A1) e outra com adição de 3% de aveia e 3% de linhaça dourada (A2). Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas de umidade, cinzas, lipídeos, proteínas, pH, sólidos totais, acidez titulável e fibra alimentar total. Também foram realizadas análises microbiológicas de coliformes a 35 °C e coliformes a 45 °C; e teste sensorial de aceitabilidade, utilizando escala hedônica de 9 pontos, com avaliação dos atributos cor, sabor, odor, textura e impressão global. Comparando os resultados físico-químicos das formulações, pode-se observar que a formulação A2 apresentou conteúdos significativamente maiores de proteínas, lipídeos e cinzas. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas mostraram que nenhuma das formulações apresentou contagem superior ao limite estabelecido pela legislação vigente. Na análise sensorial pode-se observar diferença significativa entre as formulações apenas para o atributo cor. Embora a formulação A1 tenha recebido melhores notas na avaliação sensorial, não pode ser classificada como fonte de fibra alimentar, conforme é estabelecido na RDC nº 54, de 12 de novembro de 2012, podendo-se considerar que A1 como um produto apenas enriquecido com fibras. Dessa forma, a adição de aveia e farinha de linhaça mostrou-se uma boa alternativa para adição em iogurte.
Formulação de muffin de cacau com substituição parcial de farinha de trigo por farinha de semente de jaca (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.)
Authors: Gomes Thiago Jose Vianna Beserra , Da Costa Wallace Batista
Published: February 2021

A alimentação alternativa visa o incentivo e consumo de insumos geralmente destinados ao descarte, como folhas, cascas, talos e sementes sendo uma forma de evitar o desperdício e melhorar a qualidade nutricional. A utilização desses subprodutos tem como principais vantagens à promoção da saúde e da economia. As sementes de jaca apresentam potencial de uso em diversas preparações gastronômicas, sendo sua farinha já utilizada como alternativa em diversos produtos. O objetivo do trabalho foi formular muffins de cacau com a substituição parcial da farinha de trigo pela farinha de semente de jaca com diferentes concentrações (30% e 50%). Os muffins foram avaliados por 100 provadores. A análise sensorial foi aplicada através do teste de aceitação, utilizando uma escala hedônica de 7 pontos. Dos atributos avaliados, a cor foi a que teve a maior nota 89% dos votos positivos (gostei moderadamente). A aparência obteve 85% dos votos positivos, ambos atributos demonstraram uma excelente aceitabilidade. Com relação ao sabor 82% dos provadores aprovaram, demonstrando que o muffin de cacau com substituição parcial do trigo pela farinha da semente de jaca foi bem aceito. A texturado do muffin analisado apresentou 80% de aceitabilida positiva, 19% de votos indecisos e 1% negativo (desgostei muito). O produto foi bem aceito no que se refere aos atributos sensoriais avaliados, repercutindo na boa intenção de compra, predizendo que a farinha de sementes de jaca pode ser um potencial ingrediente na formulação de produtos com reduzido teor de farinha de trigo.
Conhecimento, design e tecnologia: uma reflexão nas concepções de Hume, Kant e Foucault
Authors: Beccari Marcos Namba , Heemann Adriano
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão filosófica sobre os modos de encarar o conhecimento em Design e Tecnologia, em especial no tocante às diferentes interpretações acerca da relação entre o pensar e o fazer. O objetivo geral não consiste em propor princípios ou categorias epistemológicas; em vez disso, trata-se de explicitar a variedade (e mesmo a dispersão) de interpretações possíveis sobre o tema que possam aprimorar diálogos e debates vinculados ao desenvolvimento da sociedade. Após a apresentação da pauta em questão, a Revisão Bibliográfica delineia o viés a partir do qual é encarada a produção do conhecimento. Na sequência, o artigo elenca três enunciados recorrentes na esfera acadêmica e não-acadêmica do Design, estabelece esse discurso como critério de análise e relaciona os enunciados a três concepções filosóficas distintas acerca do conhecimento estabelecidas por Hume, Kant e Foucault. A partir dessa relação, por fim, apresenta a proposição provisória de que o próprio modo de encarar o conhecimento é o que torna cada tipo de conhecimento particularmente relevante.
Estudo sobre tecnologia social e meio ambiente: levantamento em dissertações e teses brasileiras
Authors: Santos André Luis Matos dos , Rocha Marcelo Borges
Published: February 2021

Diante da crise ambiental, torna-se relevante pensar e problematizar o uso de estratégias mitigadoras. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar como as pesquisas em Tecnologia Social (TS), com perspectivas ambientais, vêm sendo desenvolvidas no Brasil a partir de temas chaves, regiões, universidades e as adequações sociotécnicas das tecnologias. Então foi realizado um levantamento na base de dados da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações utilizando-se os descritores: “Tecnologia Social” e “Meio Ambiente” no campo de pesquisa “todos os campos”. O levantamento compreendeu o período de 2000 a 2019. Foram identificadas 11 dissertações e uma tese. Os trabalhos se concentraram na Região Nordeste do território brasileiro. O tema ambiental mais pesquisado foi resíduo sólido, seguido de agricultura familiar. Notamos nas Adequações Sociotécnicas das tecnologias estudadas que nove encontram-se em processos iniciais e três se apresentam como tecnologias alternativas. Com estes resultados, recomenda-se que os estudos sobre tecnologia social sejam ampliadost
Formação, processos de liderança e game: experiência educativa com graduandos do curso de farmácia
Authors: Ferreira Suiane Costa , Paixão Marcelo Ney de Jesus
Published: February 2021

Trata-se de um estudo de caso sobre a experiência de utilizar o game Líder Sim com graduandos do curso de Farmácia como mediador da formação, analisando as potencialidades e limites desta mídia digital no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. A experiência aconteceu em uma universidade pública na cidade de Salvador/Bahia. A atividade pedagógica foi dividida em três momentos: discussão coletiva sobre a temática da comunicação e liderança enquanto habilidades a serem desenvolvidas pelo farmacêutico para melhor atuação em saúde; interação livre com o game; e avaliação da prática pedagógica. Como resultado, o uso do jogo digital possibilitou a vivência de uma experiência inovadora, mais significativa e desafiadora, que estimulou a capacidade cognitiva dos alunos, direcionando o ensino para a resolução de problemas e tomadas de decisão, proporcionando um outro modo de aprender ao viabilizar o envolvimento dos alunos com o tema proposto a partir da mediação de um jogo digital.
Nomofobia: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Alves Luan Barth , Antonio Dayanne Sampaio , Laux Rafael Cunha
Published: February 2021

Nomofobia, advindo da expressão “No-Mobile-Phone-Phobia”, designa-se ao transtorno ou fobia motivados por ficar sem o contato com o telefone celular. Objetiva-se mapear e quantificar a produção científica sobre o tema dependência tecnológica e nomofobia dentro do contexto mundial. A pesquisa foi realizada nos bancos de dados SciELO, LILACS e PubMed com os descritores (nomofobia) or (dependência tecnológica) or (nomophobia) or (technological dependence) or (technology dependence) or (dependencia tecnológica). Para serem incluídos no trabalho deveriam ser artigos originais publicados em revistas de acesso gratuito, em inglês, espanhol e/ou português. Inclui-se 31 artigos, nos quais verificou-se que o primeiro trabalho publicado foi em 2014, o país que mais publicou foi a Espanha, e que apenas um autor teve maior participação nas pesquisas, com 4 trabalhos. Conclui-se que existe uma predominância de estudos descritivos e nenhum relacionado com exercício físico ou atividade física.
Comment la géographie est-elle impliquée dans la construction des connaissances sur la transition énergétique ? Un état de l’art et des pistes d’approfondissement des recherches
Authors: Tsayem Demaze Moïse , Chartier Angéline
Published: February 2021

Des recherches bibliographiques effectuées en 2019 montrent qu’au cours de ces dernières années, la géographie, jusque-là discrète dans les publications scientifiques sur la transition énergétique, ne l’est plus, une géographie de la transition énergétique ayant émergé. L’analyse de la bibliographie met en évidence trois principaux champs d’investigations géographiques entremêlés : paysage-aménagement-ville, gouvernance-acteurs-échelles-territoires, géopolitique-rapports Nord/Sud-développement. Des problématiques vives sont abordées dans de nombreuses publications : l’ancrage local et les interconnexions d’acteurs, la modélisation spatiale, la justice énergétique, les spécificités et les dynamiques comparées des transitions énergétiques. Les débats scientifiques dont ces problématiques sont l’objet soulignent la nécessité d’approfondir des recherches pour consolider les connaissances et combler les zones d’ombre. L’inventaire bibliographique et l’analyse qui en est faite montrent qu’en l’espace de quelques années, la géographie, seule ou en relation avec d’autres disciplines, a su prendre une part importante dans les recherches sur les énergies, ce qui a permis de produire un savoir sur les multiples enjeux et dimensions géographiques de la transition énergétique, dans un contexte caractérisé par l’interdisciplinarité.
Les réformes de la Justice entre 2000 et 2016 : une rétraction des tribunaux au détriment des petites et moyennes villes de France métropolitaine
Authors: Guiraud Noé , Baudet-Michel Sophie , Toutin Gilles
Published: February 2021

Un processus de réorganisation de la présence des services publics affecte le système urbain français. Il peut conduire à des formes de délaissement du territoire. Ce processus opère dans un contexte où la dynamique du système urbain est à la fois marquée par la métropolisation et pour certaines catégories de villes par la décroissance. Nous interrogeons les modalités d’organisation de ce processus entre 2000 et 2016 pour les tribunaux de justice en utilisant la notion de rétraction, issue des travaux sur les shrinking cities . Nous postulons une rétraction différenciée des tribunaux dans le système urbain. Nous montrons que celle-ci affecte davantage les petites villes, les villes en décroissance, les villes chef-lieu de canton et sous-préfectures. Cette rétraction des tribunaux s’inscrit dans le cadre plus général de la restructuration des services publics organisée par les réformes successives de l’action publique.
French Validation of the Youth Sport Values Questionnaire-2 (FVYSVQ-2): Reliability and Validity Study in Young Competitors
Authors: Albouza Youssef , Wach Monique , Chazaud Pierre
Published: February 2021

Ce travail présente la validation française du questionnaire des valeurs sportives chez les Jeunes-2 (VFQVSJ-2) à partir de la version originale (Youth Sport Values Questionnaire-2 ; Lee et al. , 2008). Ce questionnaire a été conçu afin d’évaluer le système des valeurs de l’athlète sur trois sous-échelles : morale, compétence et statut. À ce propos, trois études ont été réalisées auprès de 717 compétiteurs. Suivant la méthodologie de validation transculturelle (Vallerand, 1989), une version préliminaire a été établie et évaluée à partir des réponses de 20 participants (Étude 1). Ensuite, l’analyse factorielle confirme le modèle attendu en 3 facteurs de la VFQVSJ-2 et l’invariance partielle à travers le genre et le type de sport (N = 522) et à travers le temps (N = 51), avec bonne consistance interne (Étude 2). Enfin, la validité prédictive de la VFQVSJ-2 est démontrée par ses relations attendues avec les valeurs fondamentales et le désengagement moral en testant les réponses de 124 participants (Étude 3). La VFQVSJ-2 présente de solides propriétés psychométriques et évoque certaines différences culturelles dans l’interprétation de ses construits. La validité de cet outil en langue française a ouvert la voie à l’inclusion de la France dans les études psychologiques transculturelles sur les valeurs sportives auprès des jeunes compétiteurs.
Traitements sémantiques et émotionnels des scènes visuelles complexes : une synthèse critique de l’état actuel des connaissances
Authors: Leroy Anaïs , Spotorno Sara , Faure Sylvane
Published: February 2021

Nous avons la capacité de reconnaître très rapidement une scène visuelle, même présentée un très court instant. Cette capacité concerne le sens de la scène mais également l’émotion qu’elle véhicule. Cette revue critique présentera d’abord une synthèse des principales recherches menées sur les traitements des contenus sémantiques, puis sur les traitements des contenus émotionnels lors de la perception des scènes. Il s’agira de mieux comprendre comment ces informations sont sélectionnées et représentées, et comment elles influencent l’exploration visuelle, contribuant ainsi à la rapidité du traitement de la scène. Nous questionnerons ensuite les éventuelles interactions entre les traitements sémantiques et émotionnels. Cette revue met en exergue l’importance des liens sémantiques et émotionnels entre les différents constituants d’une scène et le caractère dynamique, intégratif de la perception visuelle. Elle suggère également divers futurs axes de recherche.