bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do medical students without formal training in empathy development understand empathy in the context of patient care?
Authors: Archer E , Chhabra N , Chhabra S , Chhabra S
Published: October 2023

Background

Empathy is a crucial component of clinical practice and professionalism. Quantitative studies have reported empathy erosion in medical students. However, studies investigating medical students' perspectives on their understanding and behavioral expressions of empathy with patients are limited.

Objective

This study aimed to explore medical students' perspectives on the nature, significance, and expressions of empathy during their undergraduate training.

Methods

The study used a qualitative phenomenological approach. Twenty-five medical students (out of a total of 45) were invited to participate. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted to elicit experiential details from participants. The recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method.

Results

Students described their beliefs and understanding about empathy and reflected on the process of empathizing with patients. Most students defined empathy as having four interrelated and overlapping dimensions: cognitive, affective, behavioral, and moral. In addition, they believed that empathizing with patients was a bidirectional relational process, necessitating empathic inclination, adequate time, a non-judgmental approach, and effective communication and listening skills.

Conclusion

Empathy is more than a personal attribute; it is a multi-faceted, dynamic, and bidirectional relational process. Adequate time, support, stress management strategies, formal training, and encouragement from experienced teachers are crucial elements to fostering genuine or deep empathy in medical students. In addition, students should be trained in developing emotional regulation and maintaining an appropriate balance between professional detachment and empathic connections.
Les Acadiennes louisianaises de la Société du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus, entre interculturalité et mobilité interrégionale
Authors: Bruce Clint
Published: October 2023

Cette note de recherche fait état de quelques résultats d’une étude microhistorique visant à éclairer les dynamiques socioculturelles en Louisiane francophone, depuis l’époque coloniale jusqu’à la guerre de Sécession (1861-65) et la Reconstruction (1863-77). Le document qui se trouve au coeur de ce projet est l’autobiographie de Marie-Désirée Martin, intitulée : Les Veillées d’une soeur, ou le destin d’un brin de mousse (1877). Arrière-petite-fille d’Acadiennes et d’Acadiens déportés, l’auteure se réfère à l’expérience de ses ancêtres – féminines, surtout – pour donner sens à son propre vécu, notamment à sa décision de quitter l’ordre religieux qu’elle avait rejoint à l’âge de 16 ans, la Société du Sacré-Coeur de Jésus. Cette exploration préliminaire s’appuie sur un examen des collections pertinentes du centre d’archives du Sacré-Coeur à Saint-Louis (Missouri). La réflexion se décline en deux volets, le premier étant consacré aux interactions entre les religieuses et les personnes d’origine africaine tenues en esclavage par le Sacré-Coeur, le deuxième étant celui des rapports interculturels au sein de la congrégation. En tenant compte de la mobilité continentale et transnationale des religieuses, il s’agit de situer la trajectoire de Martin en la comparant à celles d’autres Louisianaises de la Société du Sacré-Coeur.
Identity politics and ethnic humour in contemporary Jordan
Authors: Barahmeh Yousef
Published: September 2023

Following political turbulence and instability in the Middle East, Jordan has become a home for a large number of Palestinians, Iraqis, and Syrians, and now includes a significant number of Egyptians in its workforce. This growing diversity in the population has impacted the country not only socially and economically but quite noticeably in terms of identity politics and ethnic humour (how do indigenous people perceive the other(s) and how do others perceive the indigenous people?). This is explained through the rising tensions between Jordanians and Jordanians of Palestinian origin in relation to the formation of ethnic humour that is based on the idea of urban and rural division in Jordanian society. The discussion in this article argues that the people of Transjordanian towns, such as As-Salt, At-Tafilah, and As-Sarih, have ‘unexpectedly’ become the target of many ethnic jokes by the urbanites in Amman and elsewhere, who now make up the majority of Jordanians of Palestinian origin. The people of these Transjordanian small towns and villages have been the target of Jordanian ethnic humour because of their backwardness, lack of discretion, and stupidity, compared to the cleverness, modernity, and high culture of the Jordanian urbanites and their cultural superiority. However, since the 2011 Arab Spring, the people of these Transjordanian towns have developed a counter-superiority tendency to laugh at the powerful in urban centres and make fun of the government and its institutionalised discourse about reform and progress.
Legal analysis of freedom of expression and online humour in Indonesia
Authors: Assagaf Andryka Syayed Achmad
Published: September 2023

This paper examines the issue of freedom of expression in relation to online humour, particularly in Indonesian law. Despite being an inherent individual right within the broad scope of freedom of expression, there is currently no clear demarcation line in Indonesian law to position humour as an integral aspect of this right and of entertainment. Consequently, forms of humour such as memes, parodies, and satire may potentially be considered as insulting due to the subjective nature of humour and the lack of a consistent interpretation. This legal uncertainty raises concerns about the protection of freedom of expression as a fundamental human right in the present era. Despite the protection granted by the Constitution and various laws, Indonesia's legal framework does not explicitly define humour as a constituent of freedom of expression, thus leaving its interpretation to the discretion of the courts.
REVIEW OF CLOUD DATABASE BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES
Authors: DZIUBAK Szymon
Published: October 2023

The volume of data is increasing rapidly, that is why using cloud computing to store and process data may be inevitable. Providers offer many database services in public cloud that include many types of traditional relational and non-relational databases, as well as special purpose databases. Organizations can then migrate their data to cloud databases, however, decisions makers need to be aware of cloud benefits and challenges. Data in cloud is globally distributed, computing resources can be scaled up or down according to demand, cloud providers guarantee high level of service availability, many manual database administration tasks are automated. Data partitioning, replication and scaling ensure high performance. Certain applications of databases are cheaper than in private environments, however, sometimes using cloud database may be more expensive. Security is considered as a one of the main cloud database concerns due to storing data in external infrastructure. Due to regulations, organizations have to consider data privacy issues. Shared infrastructure offered in cloud is beneficial, however, sometimes isolated environments are better for cloud databases.
USING GAMES BARGAINING IN THE LABOR ISSUES
Authors: MAMMADOVA Rima
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study is to examine the literature on game theory, behavioral game theory, and bargaining method, and to find out the role of game bargaining in the employer-employee relationship by using a case study. To achieve the objectives, the author researched scientific articles published in reputable scientific journals and analyzed the case study by using a systematic trial-and-error method along with game theory and the bargaining method. This study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of negotiations and decision-making processes in labor markets. The methodology applied combines the principles of game theory, which analyzes strategic interactions between employer and employee, with the systematic trial-and-error method, which involves iteratively testing different negotiation strategies to identify the most effective ones. By using this method, employer-employee relationships can benefit from improved communication, collaboration, and more mutually satisfactory agreements.
Profit Efficiency and its Determinants among Traditional Beef Cattle Farmers in the Meatu District of Simiyu Region, Tanzania
Authors: Kibona Cornel Anyisile , Kironyi Lekumok , Zhang Yuejie
Published: October 2023

Tanzania has taken great steps to commercialize the beef cattle industry since 1997. However, despite efforts, 22% of farmers live in poverty, and industry's contribution to GDP is low. This raises questions concerning beef cattle farmers' profit efficiency (PE). This study, thus, sought to gain empirical evidence on the level of profit efficiency (PE) and its determinants among farmers to discover ways to optimize the industry's commercialization to reduce poverty. This study uses field survey data from 393 farmers in the Meatu District of the Simiyu Region. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier profit function (CDSFPF), and Heckman treatment effect (HTE) models. The descriptive results showed that farmers had low levels of education, limited access to credit and veterinary services, and limited involvement in farmer cooperatives. Such limitations tend to lower profit maximization. Profit efficiency (PE) results showed that farmers lose 51% of their profits, with an average PE of 49%. Based on the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of CDSFPF, the cost of medications, supplements, labor, parasite eradication, marketing, transportation, and local breed beef cattle had a significant negative impact on PE at a 5% (P < 0.05) level. While grazing land owned and cattle herd size positively influenced PE at a 5% (P < 0.05) significant level. Thus, controlling variable costs to the utmost will increase PE and provide a substantial benefit. Besides, the estimated CDSFPF, along with the inefficiency variables and robustness test, show that access to market information, credit, educational level, farming experience, off-farm income, and cattle fattening all have a negative influence on profit inefficiency at the 5% (P < 0.05) significant level, thereby enhancing PE. Whilst the distance to the market increased the level of profit inefficiency, thereby decreasing PE. Therefore, the government should address factors that influence cattle production efficiency to boost farmers' income, the economy, and food security and reduce poverty.
Attitude of Farmers and Factor Associated with Farmers Attitude towards Agricultural Extension Services Provided by Private Organizations in Kibondo District, Kigoma Region, Tanzania
Authors: Masanja Iman , Shausi Gosbert Lukenku , Kalungwizi Vituce Jelasy
Published: October 2023

The main focus of this study was based on extension services provided by private organizations such as non-Government organizations (NGOs), Farmer Based organizations (FBOs) and private agribusiness firms. However, prior to make any decision regarding the quality of extension services from these organizations, it is crucial to understand the perspective of farmers regarding the privatization of agricultural extension services. Therefore, the study intended to analyze farmers attitude towards agricultural extension services provided by private organizations. The study employed the use of 120 respondents selected from four villages kibingo, kitahana. Biturana and Bitare. The study used a total of 10 statement which were obtained from literatures, informal meeting with farmers and agricultural extension officer. Six statements were positive and four statements were negative. Prior data analysis all negative statements were converted to positive statements. Thereafter, data were analyzed by using Statistical package for social science version 20 in which descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage and mean were computed. The study found that 75% had unfavorable attitude, 11.7% had favorable attitude, 12.5% were neutral and 0.8% had most unfavorable attitude toward agricultural extension services provided by private organizations. Also, ordinal regression was used to determine factors associated with farmers attitude among all factors only group membership was to found to be positive and statistically significant with P<0.000 and odds ratio of 0.002. The study concludes that majority of farmers are not in favor with extension services from private organizations. This is due to lack of awareness among farmer concerning these private organizations that provide extension services. Therefore, the study recommends that, important strategies such as spreading awareness to farmers about private organizations, fostering public-private partnership and encouraging farmers to join agricultural associations would help to make farmers to be in-favor with extension services from private providers.
COVID-19 and Lahore: Unmasking the Pandemic’s Effect on One of the Most Polluted Cities in the World
Authors: Latif Hannan
Published: October 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had profound global impacts, including a noteworthy reduction in air pollution levels due to lockdown measures imposed by many governments. This study focuses on Lahore, Pakistan, a city notorious for its severe air pollution, to assess the effects of COVID-19 mitigation efforts on air quality, with implications for future policymaking.

Methods: Data on daily average PM2.5 values (in ug/m3) and the USA Air Quality Index (AQI) in Lahore were obtained from March 1st to May 31st, 2020, courtesy of the United States Consulate in Lahore. Comparative data for the same period in 2019 was collected from the Environment Protection Department of Pakistan. The data was categorized into two periods: pre-COVID-19 (March-May 2019) and during COVID-19 mitigation measures (March-May 2020). Statistical analysis involved a paired t-test comparing these two periods.

Results: The results demonstrate substantial changes in air quality. Between 2019 and 2020, there was a 275.0% increase in the number of days with "Moderate" PM2.5 levels (12-35 ug/m3), a 57.1% increase in the number of days with "Unhealthy for sensitive groups" PM2.5 levels (35-55 ug/m3), a 73.1% decrease in the number of days with "Unhealthy" PM2.5 levels (55-150 ug/m3), and a 100.0% decrease in the number of days with "Very unhealthy" PM2.5 levels (150-250 ug/m3). Overall, a statistically significant reduction in more severe PM2.5 pollution days and an increase in less severe pollution days were observed during COVID-19 mitigation measures.

Conclusion: In conclusion, COVID-19 mitigation efforts have led to a significant decline in PM2.5 air pollution levels in Lahore. Given the growing concerns about air quality's impact on public health, it is imperative to consider incorporating some of these lockdown measures into permanent policies that are socially acceptable, environmentally sustainable, and economically viable. This study underscores the potential for long-term improvements in air quality and public health through targeted policy actions.
Genetic Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolated from the Population of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Syed Bilal , Rafi Hamna , Aslam Asad , Noor Sadaf , Zubair Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The study was aimed to isolate and identify the methicillin-resistant strains and then detect the genetic variants and investigate S. aureus isolates that were resistant to methicillin found in the community of Southern Punjab. Collecting the isolates of S. aureus from the Southern Punjab region of Pakistan. Isolation and identification of these collected isolates were done by subjecting these isolates to laboratory procedures. A polymerase chain reaction was performed for the molecular and genetic analysis. 60 urine and 40 blood samples were taken from outdoor and indoor patients of the Nishtar Medical College & Hospital, Multan. Gram staining and different biochemical assays were done to confirm the presence of S. aureus. After the confirmation of S. aureus, DNA extraction was performed by a modified method of CTAB. A polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the size of amplicons found in the Southern Punjab community. In order to check the resistance and susceptibility pattern of S. aureus against beta-lactam antibiotics and fluoroquinolones, the Kirby-Bauer method was used. Out of 100 samples, 98 were cultured on blood agar and mannitol salt agar. 92 tested gram-positive and out of which only 88 gave positive results for the catalase test. When a coagulase test was performed, 85 produced coagulations with plasma in the test tubes. Upon antibiotic susceptibility testing, 50 samples were found as methicillin-resistant S. aureus.67% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus contains mecA3, femA3, aac(6’)/aph(2’’), Tet(K)13, Tet(M)13 genes and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus has 33% less prevalence as compared to methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Southern Punjab region of Pakistan was found to possess the genes mecA3, femA3, aac(6')/aph(2''), Tet(K)13, and Tet(M)13. Southern Punjab region outnumbered in Methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA) isolates in terms of the prevalence of mecA3, femA3, aac(6’)/aph(2’’), Tet(K)13, Tet(M)13 genes. Non-beta lactam antibiotics can be used to treat MRSA infections.
Parameter Estimated of Seasonal Auto-regressive Integrated Moving Average Model with AR(1) Error Process
Authors: Maihaja Ibrahim , Wasiu Babayemi Afolabi , Onwuka Gerald Ikechukwu
Published: October 2023

From the previous literature, there had been various research on models with error processes especially, the time series model with corrupted error processes. The gap to be filled here was the extension of such a model to the SARIMA model with corruption error processes.  Thus, this research work focused on parameter estimates with a corrupted AR(1)error process. Auto-covariance functions were used to estimate the variances of error terms that characterized the SARIMA model. The forecast performance measurement was investigated and properties of errors with different values of parameters were examined. A test of seasonal unit root was carried out and the result revealed a seasonality effect. Simulation with R Statistical software was used to prove the findings. In addition, the monthly temperature data of Zamfara State from 1998 to 2020 was used to validate the results using the iteration procedure and chi-square statistic.The results from the study showed that the research findings were very significant to the error process and would be useful to researchers in the prediction and handling of natural calamities.
Influence of Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Fruit Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)
Authors: Animasahun T. T. , Akinwande T. A.
Published: October 2023

The present study determined the effect of foliar application rate of salicylic acid on growth and fruit yield of cucumber varieties with the aim of evaluating the effect of foliar application rate of salicylic acid on growth and fruit yield of cucumber varieties. The study was conducted at Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke, Teaching and Research Farm between April and May, 2022. The experimental design was 2 x 3 factorial arrangements. The treatments consist of two cucumber varieties: Seminis and Olive Bold with three levels of salicylic acid (0, 50 and 100 ppm) application. Seeds of cucumber were sowed at 2 seeds per hole at 50 cm apart of intra and inter rows. Salicylic acid at 0 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm were applied to the plant foliage at 3 and 5 weeks after sowing (WAS). Data were collected on growth parameters, number of fruit, fruit length, diameter and yield. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using statistical analysis system (SAS, 2003) version 9.1 while means were separated using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference at 0.01 and 0.05 probability.

The results showed that foliar application rate of salicylic acid at 100 ppm resulted in longest (P < 0.05) vine length (109.27 cm), tendril length (18.50 cm), cucumber yield (9.89 kg/ha) and number of leaf (14.34) compared with 50 ppm and 0 ppm (control). The control gave the poorest cucumber yield (6.23 kg/ha). The study concluded that foliar application of salicylic acid could be used to achieve effective growth and better fruit yield of cucumber.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of In-Hospital Mortality of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Patients in Bekasi Regency General Hospital in 2021
Authors: Syauqi Khanza Rizqullah , Akhmad Mailani Karina , Siregar Omar Mokhtar
Published: October 2023

Background: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is a major cardiovascular problem and has been one of the leading death in the world. ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) is an indicator of total coronary artery occlusion which requires revascularization to restore the blood flow and myocardial reperfusion using fibrinolytic agents or primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Early treatment showed better outcomes and reduced in-hospital mortality in ACS patients.

Aims: To determine the prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) patients and the risk factors of in-hospital mortality of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients at Bekasi Regency General Hospital in 2021.

Place and Duration of Study: Cardiology Department and Emergency Room Unit in Bekasi Regency General Hospital, December 2021 to March 2022

Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study using secondary data (medical records) which included all the patients over 35 years old that admitted through the ER from January to December 2021 with complaints including chest pain or shortness of breath which were later hospitalized. The final sample used in this study is 117 subjects.

Results: There were 117 cases of ACS in 2021. They were 14% STEMI, 15% Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), and 71% Unstable Angina Pectoris (UAP). Most patients were male (54%), and aged <65 years old (85%). The in-hospital mortality was 19% STEMI, 17% NSTEMI, and 12% UAP. Among 16 STEMI patients, 81% were male and 94% were aged <65 years old. There were 69% who came to the emergency room <12 hours and only 50% underwent fibrinolytic.

Conclusion: The risk factors of in-hospital mortality of STEMI patients were 40% late onset, 23% anterior STEMI, 20% hypertension, 60% diabetes mellitus, 50% chronic kidney disease, 33% tachycardia, and 100% Killip III.
Recent Advancements in Scientific Management Practices for Enhancing the Productivity of Pigs: A Review
Authors: Roy A. , Choudhary R. K. , Shee A. , Saren A. K. , Rana T.
Published: September 2023

Around the world, pork breeding and production technology has changed widely in recent years. Enhancing pig production and reducing employment, requires a boost and a complete approach to herd management. Among livestock, pig rearing generates high income because pigs have the highest feed conversion ratio among other meat-producing animals, excluding broilers. They produce an average of 10 piglets per farrowing during a shorter gestation period of 114 days. Pig farming gives quick returns, though the marketable weight can be gained within a period of 7 months. There is a good demand for pig products such as bacon, ham, sausages, pork, etc. Pig rearing occurs in backyard systems, on garbage belts, on family-operated farms, and also in large-scale integrated pig industries with strict bio-security measures. The most important way to attain that goal is to maintain animal health and welfare. The health of pigs is also a key aspect of production economics on the farm. To maintain a high health status, pig herds have to reduce their long-term use of drugs to minimise the occurrence of different diseases. The use of devices (microphones, accelerometers, or radio-frequency identification transponders and cameras), vital signs of animals, images, sounds, and movements, etc., allows for early identification of diseases, increases the productivity of breeding, and also improves their welfare. An early warning system on the basis of continuous monitoring of specific parameters (e.g., body temperature) and behavioural parameters can also provide an alternative diagnosis by the veterinarian or the herd manager.
Study of the Performance of a Solar Refrigerator Using a Silica Gel-water Combination
Authors: Guene Zakaria , Tubreoumya Guy Christian , Tiendrebeogo Eloi Salmwendé , Bailou Oumar , Haro Kayaba , Ouarama Issoufou , Compaore Aboubacar , Dissa Alfa Oumar
Published: October 2023

Solar adsorption refrigeration as an environmentally-friendly refrigeration method has attracted a great deal of interest over the world. This technology will therefore benefit developing countries with high solar energy potential. The aim of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the functioning of the refrigeration systems by adsorption. An experimental survey is conducted on such a prototype using silicagel-water couple constructs by BLM and installed in Ouagadougou (IRSAT) in the eighties. In this study, we measured the overall solar radiation on the collector, ambient temperature and the temperature of the various parts of the system, i.e., the collector, condenser and evaporator. We then used A. Errougani's correlation to estimate the mass of water adsorbed to calculate the amount of cold produced at the evaporator. The observed facts were that the SCOP of this machine varies between 0,091 and 0,138 for an average daily solar radiation ranging from 14,56 MJ and 18,68 MJ. This prototype, despite its old age had an interesting SCOP and testifies an increase of the temperature to the evaporator in relation to the one predicted initially.
Genetic Variability Studies in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) for Quantitative and Qualitative Characters
Authors: Soumya Bangi Kyatammanavara , Deo Chandra , Singh Siddhartha , Bhutia Nangsol Dolma , Tayeng Tisu , Hazarika Budhindra Nath , Debbarma Aitorma , Sakhamo Khrüzho , Dutta Rituraj
Published: October 2023

A study was carried out on brinjal to estimate variability, heritability, and genetic advance in the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Pasighat. The high Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) (>20%) values for fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit weight, number of branches per plant, leaf area, number of fruits per plant, number of seeds per fruit, total phenol, anthocyanin, and solasodine content indicated high genetic variability among genotypes, making selection more effective for brinjal improvement. High heritability and high genetic advances were seen in the number of seeds per fruit, fruit yield per ha, leaf area, fruit weight, anthocyanin, and total phenol, which may be owing to additive gene action and selection from these traits being more successful.
Effect of Botanical Extracts and Essential Oils on Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Ann Rose J.  , Barath B.  , Zacharia Sunil
Published: October 2023

Mustard is an important oilseed crop in India. Alternaria leaf blight caused by Alternaria brassicae is an economically important disease of oilseed brassicas as it reduces the quality and quantity of the seeds. Botanical extracts and essential oils were tested on Alternaria brassicae at different concentrations to evaluate the effect in vitro by poison food technique in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The study was done at the Department of Plant Pathology laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences during 2021-2022. The results revealed that all the botanical extracts and essential oils tested significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Alternaria brassicae. Among the botanical extracts, the highest mycelial growth inhibition was found in garlic bulb extract @ 15% (93.11%), followed by garlic bulb extract @ 10% (87.33%). Among essential oils the maximum mycelial growth inhibition per cent was observed in eucalyptus oil @ 3% (95.77%), followed by eucalyptus oil @ 2% (88.22%). The higher concentration of all the botanical extracts and essential oils shows significantly higher per cent mycelial growth inhibition as compared to their lower levels.
The Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield of Palak (Indian Spinach)
Authors: Vishwakarma Mahima , Chauhan Megha Vishwakarma Rohit
Published: October 2023

Integrated nutrient management system is an alternative system for the sustainable and cost-effective management of soil fertility by combined apply of inorganic with organic materials resulting in rising soil fertility and productivity without affecting environment. Keeping in this view the present investigation was carried out at Polyhouse of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar university of social science Mhow, Indore (M.P.) during 2022 to study “The impact of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of Palak (Indian Spinach)”. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The experiment comprised of 6 treatments i.e. T1 (75% RDF through inorganic fertilizers + 25% RDF through VC), T2 (75% RDF + 25% RDF through FYM), T3 (50% RDF + 50% RDF through VC), T4 (50% RDF + 50% RDF through FYM), T5 (100% RDF only inorganic), T6 (Control or without any fertilizers). All observations were recorded at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The results shows that the highest value of plant heigh (20.16, 29.77 and 44.69 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (12.07, 21.57 and 37.82), leaf width (4.83, 4.91 and 8.58 cm), leaf length (9.48, 22.10 and 23.24 cm), length of petiole (6.56, 9.27 and 10.89 cm), dry and fresh weight (4.49, 9.32 and 19.59 g) were recorded with the application of T5 (100% RDF) which was significant over T1 (75% RDF + 25% RDF through VC) and T2 (75% RDF + 25% RDF through FYM) and at par with T3 (50% RDF + 50% RDF through VC) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. Similarly maximum yield (95.87, 95.48 and 90.20 q ha-1) was recorded with the application of T5 (100% RDF) which was significant over T1 (75% RDF + 25% RDF through VC) and T2 (75% RDF + 25% RDF (FYM) and at par with T3 (50% RDF + 50% RDF Vermicompost). Application of T3 (50% RDF + 50% RDF through VC) was also found significant over T4 (50% RDF + 50% RDF through FYM), T1 (75% RDF + 25% RDF through VC) and T2 (75% RDF + 25% RDF through FYM) with the values of 94.84, 94.00 and 88.77 q ha-1 at 30, 45 and 60 DAS. Among all treatment application of T3 (50% RDF + 50% RDF through VC) gave maximum yield which not only increase yield but also save cost of 50% RDF. Therefore, organic and inorganic fertilization may have a significant positive impact on the growth and yield of Palak.
Role of Regulated on Activation, Normal T-Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) Protein in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Its Relation to Disease Activity
Authors: Salah Soha Atef , Lasheen Fayza Ibrahim , Elsahmy Amira Mostafa , Noor Rasha Ali Abdel
Published: October 2023

Background: The protein known as RANTES, or Regulated on Activation, Normal T-Cell Expressed and Secreted, belongs to the CC or B chemokine subfamily. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) causes chronic and acute inflammatory processes by recruiting T lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils to inflammation sites.

Objectives: To evaluate RANTES's capacity to detect SLE, lupus nephritis, and its relationship to lupus activity.

Methods: This case- control research had 90 participants, including 30 healthy volunteers and 60 SLE patients. All individuals had a thorough clinical examination, extensive taking of history, and standard investigations. In the lupus nephritis groups, an immunological test and evaluation of disease activity using the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score and renal SLEDAI(r-SLEDAI) were performed. For all groups, ELISA was used to measure the serum RANTES concentrations.

Results: The level of serum RANTES was substantially greater in SLE group than control group. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that serum RANTES predicted existence of SLE with a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 86.67%. No substantial variation was existed in serum level of RANTES among the active and inactive lupus individuals or between lupus nephritis and non-lupus nephritis groups. No substantial association existed among serum RANTES and c3, c4, urinary proteins, SLEDAI or r- SLEDAI scores.

Conclusion: Serum levels of RANTES are elevated in individuals with SLE suggesting that it can be a new effective biomarker for the diagnosis of systemic lupus disease. But we could not demonstrate significant relation to lupus nephritis or activity of the disease.
UNDERSTANDING GEN Z INVESTMENT DECISIONS: CAPITAL MARKET LITERACY AND EMOTIONAL BIASES
Authors: Armansyah Rohmad Fuad , Ardianto Herwin , Rithmaya Chitra Laksmi
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to advance behavioral economics, specifically behavioral finance bias and literacy, in Generation Z investment decisions. The research data used 389 Generation Z capital market investors who were members of the investor community group. The data analysis technique used the PLS-SEM approach. The study's results revealed that capital market literacy, overconfidence bias, confirmation bias, and fear of better options wielded substantial influence over the investment decisions made by Generation Z individuals within the Indonesian capital market. Interestingly, it was observed that mental accounting exhibited an insignificant effect on these investment choices. These empirical insights not only enhanced comprehension of investors' financial behaviors within the capital market but also offered valuable insights to stakeholders in the capital market ecosystem, aiding them in comprehending and addressing the behavioral biases inherent in the decisions of capital market investors.
APPLICATION OF THE MODIFIED LINEAR SUPERPOSITION METHOD FOR TIDE AND STORM SURGE INTERACTION — TROPICAL AND EXTRA-TROPICAL CYCLONES
Authors: Bender Christopher , Kauppila Ashley , Resio Don
Published: October 2023

Coastal modeling efforts have applied different ways to handle the interaction of storm surge and tides. In relatively deep water, tidal superposition can be considered an approximately linear process (with the storm-generated water level added to the tide level providing a reasonable total water level). However, in shallow water with restricted access to the ocean, tide and surge superposition can be nonlinear such that simple addition of surge and tide proves inaccurate. The paper and presentation provide an extension of previous work that developed the Modified Linear Superposition (MLS) Method to analyze the interaction of the storm surge with the tide. The method is designed to produce accurate, unbiased results while at the same time not requiring excessive computer resources and time.
COASTAL MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY - QUINNS BEACH, CITY OF WANNEROO, WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Ellyard Rory
Published: October 2023

The Quinns Rocks coastline is an area of ongoing coastal erosion which has been actively managed by the City of Wanneroo (the City) since 1996, ensuring the ongoing protection of coastal assets including public and private infrastructure, beach amenity and the natural dune environment. Quinns Rocks is listed as a coastal erosion hotspot within the Assessment of Coastal Erosion Hotspots in Western Australia, which was published by the Government of Western Australia in 2019. The Quinns Rocks coastline is an area of ongoing coastal erosion which has been actively managed by the City of Wanneroo (the City) since 1996, ensuring the ongoing protection of coastal assets including public and private infrastructure, beach amenity and the natural dune environment. Quinns Rocks is listed as a coastal erosion hotspot within the Assessment of Coastal Erosion Hotspots in Western Australia, which was published by the Government of Western Australia in 2019.
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF 5, 10 AND 15 MW FIXED-BOTTOM OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES IN WIND AND WAVES
Authors: Kashima Hiroaki , Yoneyama Haruo
Published: October 2023

In recent years, the offshore wind turbine industry has become more active in response to the movement toward carbon neutrality by 2050, and technological development of large-scale offshore wind turbines (OWTs) with improved power generation efficiency and high economic efficiency has progressed. However, little is known about their response characteristics and the relationship between the scale of power generation and the response characteristics of OWTs. The purpose of this study is to clarify the differences in the dynamic response of fixed-bottom OWTs with different power generation scales in wind and waves through load-coupled analysis.
ONE DAY AHEAD WAVE PREDICTIONS USING A HYBRID ALGORITHM OF LONG-SHORT TERM MEMORY AND NEURAL NETWORK FOR MARINE CONSTRUCTIONS
Authors: Kim Sooyoul , Takeda Masahide , Hara Chisato , Mase Hajime
Published: October 2023

Recently, marine construction work has increased under complex and strict conditions for large-scale marine sites and facilities. Accurate wave information at the work site is critical to conducting the marine construction safely. In particular, making decisions for the execution of the operation need a significant wave height ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 m as a threshold. However, studies on highly accurate real-time wave height predictions around the threshold are few. The present study developed a hybrid algorithm for real-time wave prediction by combining long-short term memory (LSTM) and artificial neural network (ANN) for the Hitachinaka Port, Japan.
Infection Prevention, Planetary Health, and Single-Use Plastics
Authors: Smith Matthew , Singh Hardeep , Sherman Jodi D.
Published: October 2023

Authors of this Viewpoint present actionable steps for regulatory, industry, and health care organization practices to accelerate reduction of single-use plastics and help protect planetary and human health.
Harmonizing Definitions for Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Müller Jannis , Cagol Alessandro , Lorscheider Johannes , Tsagkas Charidimos , Benkert Pascal , Yaldizli Özgür , Kuhle Jens , Derfuss Tobias , Sormani Maria Pia , Thompson Alan , Granziera Cristina , Kappos Ludwig
Published: October 2023

Importance

Emerging evidence suggests that progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is a substantial contributor to long-term disability accumulation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). To date, there is no uniform agreed-upon definition of PIRA, limiting the comparability of published studies.

Objective

To summarize the current evidence about PIRA based on a systematic review, to discuss the various terminologies used in the context of PIRA, and to propose a harmonized definition for PIRA for use in clinical practice and future trials.

Evidence Review

A literature search was conducted using the search terms multiple sclerosis, PIRA, progression independent of relapse activity, silent progression, and progression unrelated to relapses in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science, published between January 1990 and December 2022.

Findings

Of 119 identified single records, 48 eligible studies were analyzed. PIRA was reported to occur in roughly 5% of all patients with RRMS per annum, causing at least 50% of all disability accrual events in typical RRMS. The proportion of PIRA vs relapse-associated worsening increased with age, longer disease duration, and, despite lower absolute event numbers, potent suppression of relapses by highly effective disease-modifying therapy. However, different studies used various definitions of PIRA, rendering the comparability of studies difficult.

Conclusion and Relevance

PIRA is the most frequent manifestation of disability accumulation across the full spectrum of traditional MS phenotypes, including clinically isolated syndrome and early RRMS. The harmonized definition suggested here may improve the comparability of results in current and future cohorts and data sets.
Persistence of Autism Spectrum Disorder From Early Childhood Through School Age
Authors: Harstad Elizabeth , Hanson Ellen , Brewster Stephanie J. , DePillis Rafael , Milliken Anna L. , Aberbach Gabriella , Sideridis Georgios , Barbaresi William J.
Published: October 2023

Importance

While the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) continues to increase and early diagnosis is emphasized, there is limited information on outcomes for children diagnosed with ASD in early childhood using contemporary diagnostic criteria.

Objectives

To determine the frequency with which children who are clinically diagnosed with ASD at 12 to 36 months of age continue to meet diagnostic criteria for ASD at 5 to 7 years of age and to evaluate whether baseline child-specific and demographic characteristics and receipt of interventions are associated with ASD persistence.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this natural history cohort study, children who received a clinical ASD diagnosis at 12 to 36 months of age underwent a research diagnostic assessment at 5 to 7 years of age. Research assessments occurred from August 14, 2018, to January 8, 2022.

Intervention

Children received community-based interventions, and parents provided details about interventions received.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was persistence of ASD diagnosis based on current functioning. An experienced research psychologist assigned an ASD diagnosis (present or absent) according to criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) after the research assessment. The research assessment included administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule–2, Autism Diagnostic Interview–Research, and a cognitive measure.

Results

Of the 213 participants diagnosed with ASD at initial clinical assessment (mean [SD] age, 24.6 [3.9] months; 177 boys [83.1%]), 79 (37.1%) did not continue to meet diagnostic criteria for ASD (nonpersistent ASD) at research assessment (mean [SD] age, 74.3 [7.1] months). All children with nonpersistent ASD had IQ of at least 70, while there was a bimodal distribution of IQ for those with persistent ASD (46 with IQ <70 and 88 with IQ ≥70). All children received some interventions, and 201 (94.4%) received ASD-specific intervention, mostly applied behavioral analysis. In a multilevel logistic regression model, the only variables associated with increased odds of being in the nonpersistent ASD group at 6 years of age were higher baseline adaptive skills (b coefficient = −0.287 [SE, 0.108]) and female sex (b = 0.239 [SE, 0.064]).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that among toddlers diagnosed with ASD, baseline adaptive function and sex may be associated with persistence of ASD.
Insights from experiences comanaging woody invasive alien plants in Argentina
Authors: Powell Priscila Ana , García‐Díaz Pablo , Fernández Cánepa Gloria , Grau Alfredo , Herrera Lorena , Nuñez Cecilia , Quiroga María Paula , Quiroga Pablo Adrián , Rojas Tobías Nicolás , Ruiz de Huidobro Nahuel , Speziale Karina L. , Vidal‐Russell Romina , Zaninovich Silvia , Montti Lía
Published: October 2023

The complexities of invasive alien species (IAS) management call for a close collaboration among stakeholders to codevelop and comanage actions to deliver effective solutions. To achieve this vision, iterative codesign and co‐implementation of solutions is imperative.

Based on a rapid Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats analysis (SWOT), we synthesised the positive and negative aspects of comanagement experiences for woody IAS management in Argentina. We included four case studies in protected areas: (i) Ligustrum lucidum in a periurban mountain forest; (ii) Rubus asp ulmifolius in a subtropical forest; (iii) Acacia melanoxylon in a temperate grassland; and (iv) Hedera helix in a temperate forest.

Universities, research institutes and protected areas led these management projects under varying economic, social and ecological objectives, and constrained by the availability of resources. However, these heterogeneous realities did not translate into significant differences in our comanagement experiences.

We identified personal motivations and pre‐existing funding for IAS management as key strengths for management actions. A relevant weakness was the ongoing undervaluation of applied research and stakeholder engagement in the Argentinian scientific system, resulting in a scarcity of research to inform management actions and a low interest in codesigning activities. Threats were related to the paucity of awareness and information on IAS management, and the lack of long‐term funding. Nevertheless, recent national‐level policies, such as the National Strategy for Exotic Invasive Species, together with the Forest Law for managing native forests and the mandate for the National Parks Administration to manage IAS, provide a unique opportunity to foster comanagement activities.

We recommend the development and promotion of spaces to share experiences and establish conversations among stakeholders. This should be complemented by a better alignment of disparate public policies driving IAS management in Argentina, and increased financial assistance to support local initiatives and reduce uncertainty in long‐term funding.
Heterophase Grain Boundary‐Rich Superparamagnetic Iron Oxides/Carbon Composite for Cationic Crystal Violet and Anionic Congo Red Dye Removal
Authors: Singh Konthoujam Priyananda , Wareppam Boris , Raghavendra Karkala Gururaj , Singh Ningthoujam Joseph , de Oliveira Aderbal Carlos , Garg Vijayendra Kumar , Ghosh Subrata , Singh Loushambam Herojit
Published: October 2023

Iron oxide‐based nanostructures receive significant attention as efficient adsorbents for organic dye removal applications. Herein, iron oxide/carbon composite with well‐defined heterophase grain boundaries is synthesized by a simple precipitation method and followed by calcination. The local structure, spin dynamics, and magnetic properties of heterophase iron oxides/carbon composite are thoroughly investigated to explore its cationic and anionic dye removal capability. To validate the effectivity of the presence of heterogeneous grain boundaries, iron oxide/carbon nanocomposite with homogeneous grain boundaries is also examined. For an initial dye concentration of 50 mg L−1, pH 7, and adsorbent dose of 0.2 g L−1, the hetero‐IOCC exhibits a removal capacity of 71.63 and 140.19 mg g−1 for the cationic crystal violet and the anionic Congo red dyes, respectively. These values are significantly greater than those exhibited by as‐synthesized imidazole‐capped superparamagnetic α‐Fe2O3, 48.15 and 53.19 mg g−1; and homophase iron oxide/carbon nanocomposite, 12.51 and 17.95 mg g−1, respectively. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies indicate that the Langmuir isotherm model is found to be an appropriate model following the Elovich kinetic model. A detailed dye adsorption investigation on the pH effect, thermodynamic parameters, coexisting ionic effect, and reusability is also carried out.