bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New insights into deep carbon recycling and formation of nepheline-bearing alkaline rocks from Sr-Nd-Mg isotope compositions
Authors: Kong Weiliang , Zhang Zhaochong , Zhang Dongyang , Wang Changhong , Santosh M. , Liu Bingxiang , Wei Bowen
Published: October 2022

Magnesium isotopes are widely used to trace recycled carbonates in the mantle source. We recently recognized extremely light Mg isotope values (δ26Mg = −0.50 to −0.62‰) in nepheline syenites in the Tarim large igneous province (TLIP), NW China. To evaluate the significance of the light Mg isotopes, we conducted petrological, mineral chemical, zircon U-Pb ages, and geochemical and isotopes (Sr-Nd-Mg) analyses on the nepheline syenite to understand its petrogenesis. Laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of 272.5 ± 1.4 Ma for the nepheline syenite. Petrographic and geochemical studies show that the nepheline syenite and nephelinite in the TLIP display similar mineral assemblages, clinopyroxene Sr isotope compositions and bulk-rock Sr and Nd isotope compositions (87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.70364−0.70399, εNd(t) = +3.51 to +4.49 versus 87Sr/86Sr(i) = 0.70348−0.70371, εNd(t) = +3.28 to +3.88 for nepheline syenite and nephelinite, respectively), indicating they are possibly co-magmatic. Rhyolite-MELTS modeling shows that the nepheline syenite formed from nephelinite by fractional crystallization of spinel, olivine, clinopyroxene, apatite, and biotite. In combination with information from previous studies, we correlated the extremely light magnesium isotopes of nepheline syenite to “genetic genes” of nephelinite (δ26Mg = −0.35 to −0.55‰) which were produced by the reaction between peridotite and carbonated silicate melt derived from the carbonated eclogite. We invoke a three-stage model for the genesis of the nepheline syenite in the TLIP. Initially, the subduction of oceanic crust delivered the sedimentary carbonate rocks into the deep mantle and formed carbonated eclogite. The carbonated silicate melt derived by the melting of the carbonated eclogite reacted with ambient peridotite to form primary nephelinitic magma. Finally, fractional crystallization of nephelinitic melt during ascent produced the nepheline syenite. Our study provides insights into the implication of light magnesium isotopes for deep carbon recycling in the origin of alkaline rocks.
Supplemental Material: Relative importance of magmatic and hydrothermal processes for economic Nb-Ta-W-Sn mineralization in a peraluminous granite system: The Zhaojinggou rare-metal deposit, northern China
Authors: Zhang Lu , Jiang Shao-Yong , al. et
Published: October 2022

Figures S1–S3 and Tables S1–S8.
Do newborn infants exhale through the CPAP system? Secondary analysis of a randomised cross-over trial
Authors: Gunnarsdottir Kolbrun , Falk Markus , Baldursdottir Sonja , Donaldsson Snorri , Jonsson Baldvin , Drevhammar Thomas
Published: October 2022

Background

During nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment in neonates, leakage is inevitable and can lead to reduced distending pressure in the lungs of the infant. In current practice, neither leakage nor expiratory flow is measured, which makes it difficult to assess if exhalation is through the device or entirely through leakages.

Objective

To examine if infants treated with nCPAP exhale through the CPAP system.

Design and setting

Secondary data analyses from the ToNIL trial on leakages during nCPAP treatment. We retrospectively examined respiratory curves for the 50 infants included in the trial, using NI LabVIEW 2015. Each infant was measured with both prongs and nasal masks. A flow recording was classified as exhalation through the system if more than 50% of all expirations showed reverse flow, each for a minimum duration of 0.1 s.

Patients

50 infants were included, born with a mean gestational age (GA) of 34 weeks, median birth weight of 1948 g and mean age at measurement 6.5 days. Inclusion criteria were CPAP treatment and a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 28–42 weeks.

Results

In our measurements, 32/50 infants exhaled through the CPAP system in at least one recording with either nasal mask or prongs. Leakages exceeding 0.3 L/min were seen in 97/100 recordings.

Conclusions

During nCPAP treatment, infants can exhale through the CPAP system and leakage was common. Measuring expiratory flows and leakages in clinical settings could be valuable in optimising CPAP treatment of infants.

Trial registration number

NCT03586856.
Association of in-competition injury risk and the degree of rapid weight cutting prior to competition in division I collegiate wrestlers
Authors: Hammer Erin , Sanfilippo Jennifer L , Johnson Gary , Hetzel Scott
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Weight cutting is thought to offer a competitive advantage in wrestling. Dehydration has deleterious effects on physical and cognitive function, which may increase the risk of injury. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the degree of weight cutting was associated with injury risk.

Methods

Data were collected prospectively in a cohort of collegiate wrestlers over seven seasons. Changes in weight, body fat and lean mass were measured during the preseason, at midseason and before competition. Cox proportional-hazard ratios were calculated for risk of in-competition injury.

Results

Among 67 unique division 1 collegiate wrestlers (163 athlete seasons), there were 53 unique injuries affecting 46 athletes. There was no difference in absolute weight change, per cent weight change, per cent body fat change or per cent lean mass change between injured and non-injured wrestlers from the preseason to midseason measurements. From midseason to competition weight, change in body weight was −7.0%±3.2% (−5.3 kg±2.6) in injured athletes compared with −5.7%±3.3% (−4.3 kg±2.5) in non-injured athletes. For every kilogram of body weight lost, wrestlers had a 14% increased hazard of injury (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.25, p=0.004). For every 1% of body weight lost, wrestlers had an 11% increased hazard of injury (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19, p=0.005).

Conclusion

Rapid weight cutting was associated with a higher risk of in-competition injuries in division 1 collegiate wrestlers. For every per cent in body weight lost, wrestlers had an 11% increased hazard of injury during competition.
Obesity as a risk factor for cardiac arrhythmias
Authors: Patel Kiran Haresh Kumar , Reddy Rohin K , Sau Arunashis , Sivanandarajah Pavidra , Ardissino Maddalena , Ng Fu Siong
Published: October 2022

Obesity is global health problem with an estimated three billion people worldwide being classified as overweight or obese. In addition to being associated with a range of adverse health outcomes, obesity is linked to higher risks of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, as well as sudden cardiac death. Obesity is a multifactorial disease that often co-exists with hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnoea, which are also independent risk factors for cardiac arrhythmias. Nevertheless, compelling evidence suggests that increasing adiposity is an independent proarrhythmic risk factor and that weight loss can be a mitigating and preventative intervention to reduce arrhythmia incidence. This review briefly outlines the economic and social burden of obesity and summarises evidence for the direct and indirect effects of increasing adiposity on risk of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The paper also summarises the evidence for electrocardiographic changes indicative of obesity-related atrial and ventricular remodelling and how weight reduction and management of comorbidity might reduce arrhythmic burden.
Prediction of incident atrial fibrillation with cardiac biomarkers and left atrial volumes
Authors: Lyngbakken Magnus Nakrem , Rønningen Peter Selmer , Solberg Magnar Gangås , Berge Trygve , Brynildsen Jon , Aagaard Erika Nerdrum , Kvisvik Brede , Røsjø Helge , Steine Kjetil , Tveit Arnljot , Omland Torbjørn
Published: October 2022

Objective

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia associated with risk of stroke, heart failure and death. We aimed to elucidate the associations of cardiac biomarkers, echocardiographic left atrial volumetric indices and risk of prevalent and incident atrial fibrillation in the general population.

Methods

We assessed cardiac troponin T (cTnT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), maximum (LAVimax) and minimum (LAVimin) indexed left atrial volumes and left atrial emptying fraction (LAEF) in subjects born in 1950 participating in the prospective observational cohort, Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 Study. The Cohorts for Heart and Ageing Research in Genomic Epidemiology for Atrial Fibrillation risk score and sex was used to adjust for residual risk of atrial fibrillation.

Results

Out of 3487 subjects, 157 (4.5%) had prevalent and 123 (3.5%) had incident atrial fibrillation. Echocardiographic left atrial volumes and cardiac biomarkers associated with prevalent atrial fibrillation, but GDF-15 was non-significant in adjusted analysis. Incident atrial fibrillation was predicted by LAVimax(adjusted HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.75), LAVimin(adjusted HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.72), LAEF (adjusted HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.48) and NT-proBNP (adjusted HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.85). cTnT and NT-proBNP provided incremental prognostic information to left atrial volumes, but GDF-15 demonstrated no prognostic value for incident atrial fibrillation.

Conclusions

In the general population, echocardiographic left atrial volumetric indices and NT-proBNP, but not cTnT and GDF-15, associate with prevalent atrial fibrillation and with risk of incident atrial fibrillation. cTnT and NT-proBNP provide incremental prognostic information to echocardiography.
Diagnosing myasthenia gravis using orthoptic measurements: assessing extraocular muscle fatiguability
Authors: Keene Kevin R , de Nie Johan M , Brink Mechteld J , Notting Irene C , Verschuuren Jan J G M , Kan Hermien E , Beenakker Jan-Willem M , Tannemaat Martijn R
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Diagnosing ocular myasthenia gravis (MG) can be challenging because serum antibodies are often not detected. We aimed to explore whether determining extraocular muscle (EOM) weakness using orthoptic measures, including an adapted Hess chart examination, can aid in diagnosing MG.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study among patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody positive MG (20 recently diagnosed, 19 chronic) and 14 seronegative MG patients. We compared orthoptic measures to 19 healthy and 18 disease controls with Graves orbitopathy, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia or oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Maximal eye duction angles were measured using a synoptophore. Gaze deviations between eyes were measured using standard Hess chart examination with addition of 1 min persistent gaze to assess MG-associated fatiguability. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was performed.

Results

For duction angles, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 comparing MG to healthy, and 0.69 comparing to patient controls. For the outer field of the Hess chart, the AUC was 0.89 comparing to healthy and 0.54 to patient controls. For drift, the AUC was 0.93 comparing to healthy and 0.93 to patient controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of drift was 81% and 100%.

Discussion

Orthoptic measurements can be used to diagnose MG by quantifying EOM weakness and fatiguability. Drift during persistent gaze on a Hess chart is specific for MG and could be used for diagnostic purposes. The Hess chart examination is widely available, inexpensive and fast. Moreover, orthoptic measurements may be a clinically relevant outcome measure for clinical trials.
High frequency ofHTRA1ANDABCC6mutations in Japanese patients with adult-onset cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Uemura Masahiro , Hatano Yuya , Nozaki Hiroaki , Ando Shoichiro , Kondo Hajime , Hanazono Akira , Iwanaga Akira , Murota Hiroyuki , Osakada Yosuke , Osaki Masato , Kanazawa Masato , Kanai Mitsuyasu , Shibata Yoko , Saika Reiko , Miyatake Tadashi , Aizawa Hitoshi , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Tomimoto Hidekazu , Mizuta Ikuko , Mizuno Toshiki , Ishihara Tomohiko , Onodera Osamu
Published: October 2022

Background

This study aimed to clarify the frequency and clinical features of monogenic cerebral small vessel disease (mgCSVD) among patients with adult-onset severe CSVD in Japan.

Methods

This study included patients with adult-onset severe CSVD with an age of onset ≤55 years (group 1) or >55 years and with a positive family history (group 2). After conducting conventional genetic tests forNOTCH3andHTRA1, whole-exome sequencing was performed on undiagnosed patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to the results of the genetic tests: monogenic and undetermined. The clinical and imaging features were compared between the two groups.

Results

Group 1 and group 2 included 75 and 31 patients, respectively. In total, 30 patients hadNOTCH3mutations, 11 patients hadHTRA1mutations, 6 patients hadABCC6mutations, 1 patient had aTREX1mutation, 1 patient had aCOL4A1mutation and 1 patient had aCOL4A2mutation. The total frequency of mutations inNOTCH3,HTRA1andABCC6was 94.0% in patients with mgCSVD. In group 1, the frequency of a family history of first relatives, hypertension and multiple lacunar infarctions (LIs) differed significantly between the two groups (monogenic vs undetermined; family history of first relatives, 61.0% vs 25.0%, p=0.0015; hypertension, 34.1% vs 63.9%, p=0.0092; multiple LIs, 87.8% vs 63.9%, p=0.0134).

Conclusions

More than 90% of mgCSVDs were diagnosed by screening forNOTCH3,HTRA1andABCC6. The target sequences for these three genes may efficiently diagnose mgCSVD in Japanese patients.
The effect of cable corrosion on dynamic response of Stonecutters Cable-Stayed Bridge model
Authors: Xiang Yang , Noël Étienne , Dragomirescu Elena , Martín-Pérez Beatriz
Published: October 2022

Cable corrosion is among one of the most common damage mechanisms in cable-stayed bridges. A finite element model of the long-span Stonecutters Cable-Stayed Bridge was built, and its dynamic behaviour was investigated considering localized groups of corroded cables. The reduction in cable cross-sectional area was used to simulate corrosion levels from 25% to 75% cross-sectional loss. The corroded cables were divided into two groups of four cables, arranged in symmetric and asymmetric distributions along both decks. Natural frequencies and mode shapes were compared with a reference case with no corrosion-damaged cables. A recorded wind load was applied on the deck to investigate the time-history response of the mid-span in lateral, vertical, and torsional directions. Frequency analysis was performed on the time-history response, and coupled motions at certain frequencies were observed for certain corrosion cases and were discussed.
NNLO interpolation grids for jet production at the LHC
Authors: Britzger D. , Gehrmann-De Ridder A. , Gehrmann T. , Glover E. W. N. , Gwenlan C. , Huss A. , Pires J. , Rabbertz K. , Savoiu D. , Sutton M. R. , Stark J.
Published: October 2022

Fast interpolation-grid frameworks facilitate an efficient and flexible evaluation of higher-order predictions for any choice of parton distribution functions or value of the strong coupling $$\alpha _{\mathrm {s}}$$

α
s

. They constitute an essential tool for the extraction of parton distribution functions and Standard Model parameters, as well as studies of the dependence of cross sections on the renormalisation and factorisation scales. The APPLfast project provides a generic interface between the parton-level Monte Carlo generator "Image missing" and both the APPLgrid and the fastNLO libraries for the grid interpolation. The extension of the project to include hadron–hadron collider processes at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD is presented, together with an application for jet production at the LHC.
Local lattice structures and electronic properties of β-Li3PS4/CuS interface
Authors: Li Wen-Xiang , Wei Cheng-Dong , Xue Hong-Tao , Tang Fu-Ling
Published: October 2022

In all-solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries (ASSLBs), unfavorable solid–solid contact at the interfaces with sulfide electrolyte (SE) is one of the important reasons affecting the properties of ASSLBs. CuS is a promising cathode material, and [Formula: see text]-Li3PS4 (LPS) is a newly found SE used for ASSLBs. In order to deeply explore the electronic properties at the interface between these two materials, we used the first-principles calculation method to investigate the local lattice structures, electronic properties, work-function, and charge distribution of LPS/CuS interface. The interface binding energy of the LPS/CuS interface is about −0.568 J/m2. Hence, the LPS/CuS interface structure is thermodynamically reasonable and stable with newly formed chemical bonds at the interface. The interfacial electron density of state shows the metallic properties, which are mainly contributed by Cu-[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] orbitals and S-[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] orbitals in CuS and S-[Formula: see text] orbital electrons in LPS. Furthermore, the work function of the interface means the formation of a space charge layer, which has a certain influence on the charge and discharging process.
Properties of entanglement in the cluster of N-qubits
Authors: Rasheed Bilal , Wang Xiaoqian , Yu Zhuo , Qu Guannan , Yao Zhihai , Cai Hongxing
Published: October 2022

In this study, we analyzed the properties of entanglement in the ground state of an [Formula: see text]-qubit cluster. For the first time, we discussed the previously overlooked relation between spin squeezing and concurrence for a multi-qubit system, and critically explained the special value of parameter [Formula: see text] at which the concurrence becomes 0. Additionally, this work also elaborates on the relation between decay probability and concurrence for the multiple numbers of qubits. Results showed that when the number of qubits is high, the decay is sharp as compared to the small number of qubits, which indicates that entanglement dies faster at a higher number of qubits.
Swampland conjectures and single-field inflation in nonstandard cosmological scenarios
Authors: Trivedi Oem
Published: October 2022

Swampland conjectures have attracted quite some interest in the cosmological community. They have been shown to have wide ranging implications, like constraints on inflationary models, primordial black holes, dark energy to name a few. Particularly, their implications on single-field inflationary models in general relativity-based cosmology have gathered huge attention. Swampland conjectures in their usual form have been shown to be incompatible with these kinds of single-field models, or have been shown to induce severe fine tuning in these inflationary models for them to be consistent with the conjectures. In this work, we show that a large class of single-field inflationary models can in fact bypass the problems faced by inflationary paradigms in GR-Based cosmology. We use the exact solution approach to inflation for the same purpose and show how string theoretic motivations of the swampland conjectures can be in perfect symphony with various single-field inflationary models in nonstandard cosmological scenarios.
EARLY ACTIVE MOBILIZATION AFTER RECONSTRUCTION OF RUPTURED FINGER EXTENSOR TENDONS AT THE WRIST JOINT
Authors: Minami Akio , Kamiya Yukinobu , Tojo Yasuaki , Harmon Satoko Matsumoto , Sakai Akinori
Published: October 2022

Background: Subcutaneous spontaneous ruptures of the finger extensor tendons at the wrist frequently occur. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of patients with extensor tendon ruptures treated by our operative methods and postoperative early active mobilization.

Methods: A total of 38 patients with 68 extensor tendon ruptures were included in this study. In the reconstruction of extensor tendon ruptures, tendon transfers (extensor indicis proprius (EIP) tendon transfer and/or interlacing end-to-side suture) and/or free tendon bridge graftings were performed. Immediately after operation in all patients, early active mobilization began by wearing a specially designed bandage or splint.

Results: There was no reoccurrence of re-rupture of a tendon post surgery. A patient satisfaction survey revealed that 29 patients rated their results as “excellent” and 9 were “good.” Postoperatively, the active range of motion of the finger metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint averaged +3∘(range:- 14[Formula: see text]+20∘) in extension and 69∘(range: 60–80∘) in flexion.

Conclusions: We treated finger extensor tendon ruptures by tendon transfer (EIP tendon transfer to the ruptured extensor tendon and/or interlacing end-to-side suture) and/or bridge tendon grafting. We employed early active mobilization with patients wearing a specially designed bandage or splint immediately after reconstructing surgery. There was no case with re-rupture postoperatively. Our operative techniques and postoperative physiotherapy as early active mobilization in this study led to excellent results after finger extensor tendon ruptures.
TIBIALIS ANTERIOR TENDON RUPTURE – EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY
Authors: Blankstein Alexander
Published: October 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the sonographic appearance of acute spontaneous anterior tibialis tendon (ATT) rupture, to describe the later sonographic appearance of ATT after 4–6–8 weeks of conservative treatment, and to describe the clinical outcome of these patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of seven patients, physically active men, aged 40–75, who presented with clinical symptoms suggesting ATT rupture. All patients were treated conservatively by case immobilization and went through a follow-up ultrasound examination 4–6–8 weeks afterwards, until clinical recovery. Two patients had ultrasound examination one year after the injury.

Results: All seven patients had a complete tear of the ATT with a visible gap between the torn tendon ends seen on sonography. The mean gap size at the time of initial examination was 2 cm. There was a disruption of the normal fibrillar pattern of the tendon, with non-clear fluid accumulated in the gap between the torn tendon ends. Using real-time dynamic ultrasound revealed paradoxical movement with retraction of the torn tendon ends and increasing the distance between the torn ends. All patients were treated conservatively. Sonographic follow-up examinations after 4, 6, 8 weeks revealed restoration of the tendon continuity with good active and passive movements. All seven patients demonstrated irregular and thickened tendon with echogenic scar. Clinically, at 6–8 weeks they had good range of motion (ROM) of the ankle enabling them to resume their normal daily activity.
FRACTIONAL ORDER PIλDμ FOR TRACKING CONTROL OF A NOVEL REHABILITATION ROBOT BASED ON IIMO-BP NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHM
Authors: WANG BINGZHU , YU TIANTANG , ZHOU TAO , WANG LU , LI JIAN , XIE NENGGANG
Published: October 2022

In this study, we develop a novel multi-posture lower limb rehabilitation robot with three postures, which can provide different amplitudes and frequencies of rehabilitation training for hip, knee and ankle joints, respectively. The kinematic and dynamic analyses of the robot are carried out to solve the kinematic forward and backward solutions and the Lagrangian dynamics equations of the lower limbs. The angle, angular velocity and angular acceleration ideal trajectory curves of the rehabilitation motion are derived by using a quintic polynomial trajectory planning scheme. An improved ions motion optimization (IIMO) algorithm is proposed and applied to optimize the initial weight of back propagation (BP) neural network, and algorithm is used to adjust five parameters of fractional order [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) control in controller design. The passive training experiment results of prototype show that the designed controller has the largest average error of angle and angular velocity of hip, knee and ankle joints in high amplitude and high frequency movement mode, which are 1.091∘, 0.716∘, 0.412∘, 1.551∘/s, 1.394∘/s, 1.498∘/s, respectively. At low amplitude and low frequency, the maximum average errors are the smallest, which are 0.351∘, 0.341∘, 0.167∘; 0.833∘/s, 0.842∘/s, 0.398∘/s, respectively. The actual trajectory curve fits well with the designed one. The highest accuracy of angle and angular velocity can reach 99.165% and 99.116% through comprehensive comparison of all motion modes. Therefore, the overall error is small. The stability of rehabilitation training process is ensured, and the rationality and effectiveness of trajectory planning and control design are verified.
Poisoning GNN-based Recommender Systems with Generative Surrogate-based Attacks
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Toan , Quach Nguyen Duc Khang , Nguyen Thanh Tam , Huynh Thanh Trung , Vu Viet Hung , Nguyen Phi Le , Jo Jun , Nguyen Quoc Viet Hung
Published: October 2022

With recent advancements in graph neural networks (GNN), GNN-based recommender systems (gRS) have achieved remarkable success in the past few years. Despite this success, existing research reveals that gRSs are still vulnerable to
poison attacks
, in which the attackers inject fake data to manipulate recommendation results as they desire. This might be due to the fact that existing poison attacks (and countermeasures) are either model-agnostic or specifically designed for traditional recommender algorithms (e.g., neighborhood-based, matrix-factorization-based, or deep-learning-based RSs) that are not gRS. As gRSs are widely adopted in the industry, the problem of how to design poison attacks for gRSs has become a need for robust user experience. Herein, we focus on the use of poison attacks to manipulate item promotion in gRSs. Compared to standard GNNs, attacking gRSs is more challenging due to the heterogeneity of network structure and the entanglement between users and items. To overcome such challenges, we propose
GSPAttack
—a generative surrogate-based poison attack framework for gRSs.
GSPAttack
tailors a learning process to surrogate a recommendation model as well as generate fake users and user-item interactions while preserving the data correlation between users and items for recommendation accuracy. Although maintaining high accuracy for other items rather than the target item seems counterintuitive, it is equally crucial to the success of a poison attack. Extensive evaluations on four real-world datasets revealed that
GSPAttack
outperforms all baselines with competent recommendation performance and is resistant to various countermeasures.
Automatically Temporal Labeled Data Generation Using Positional Lexicon Expansion for Focus Time Estimation of News Articles
Authors: Ahmed Usman , Lin Jerry Chun-Wei , Garcia Diaz Vicente
Published: October 2022

Many facts change over time, which is a fundamental aspect of our physical environment. In the case of pandemic articles, the user is not interested in the creation date of the document but in the facts and the cause of the last pandemic. Fake news can be better combated by having a document with a temporal focus. Currently, neither the sequence of events nor the temporal focus is considered when obtaining news documents. Despite the limited number of temporal aspects in the available datasets, it is difficult to test and evaluate the temporal conclusions of the model. The goal of this work is to develop a temporal focus news article retrieval model based on co-training to advance research in semi-supervised learning. A mapping of the dataset is performed using (1) the evolving focus time of news articles and (2) the semi-supervised method based on coincidence contexts for learning low-dimensional continuous vectors for learning neural contrast embedding models generating focus time-based query in sequential news articles to facilitate temporal understanding by learning low-dimensional continuous vectors. A diverse dataset of news articles is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. With semi-supervised learning and lexicon expansion, the result of the developed model can achieve 89%. The method performed better than previous baselines and traditional machine learning models with improvements of 12.65% and 4.7%, respectively.
TCX: A RISC Style Tensor Computing Extension and a Programmable Tensor Processor
Authors: Liang Tailin , Wang Lei , Shi Shaobo , Glossner John , Zhang Xiaotong
Published: October 2022

Neural network processors and accelerators are domain-specific architectures deployed to solve the high computational requirements of deep learning algorithms. This article proposes a new instruction set extension for tensor computing, TCX, using Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) instructions enhanced with variable length tensor extensions. It features a multi-dimensional register file, dimension registers, and fully generic tensor instructions. It can be seamlessly integrated into existing RISC Instruction Set Architectures and provides software compatibility for scalable hardware implementations. We present a tensor accelerator implementation of the tensor extensions using an out-of-order RISC microarchitecture. The tensor accelerator is scalable in computation units from several hundred to tens of thousands. An optimized register renaming mechanism is described that allows for many physical tensor registers without requiring architectural support for large tensor register names. We describe new tensor load and store instructions that reduce bandwidth requirements using tensor dimension registers. Implementations may balance data bandwidth and computation utilization for different types of tensor computations such as element-wise, depthwise, and matrix-multiplication. We characterize the computation precision of tensor operations to balance area, generality, and accuracy loss for several well-known neural networks. The TCX processor runs at 1 GHz and sustains 8.2 Tera operations per second using a 4,096 multiply-accumulate compute unit. It consumes 12.8 mm
2
while dissipating 0.46W/TOPs in TSMC 28-nm technology.
A Survey on Seismic Sensor based Target Detection, Localization, Identification, and Activity Recognition
Authors: Choudhary Priyankar , Goel Neeraj , Saini Mukesh
Published: October 2022

Current sensor technologies facilitate device-free and non-invasive monitoring of target activities and infrastructures to ensure a safe and inhabitable environment. Device-free techniques for sensing the surrounding environment are an emerging area of research where a target does not need to carry or attach any device to provide information about its motion or the surrounding environment. Consequently, there has been an increasing interest in device-free sensing. Seismic sensors are extremely effective tools for gathering target motion information. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the seismic sensor-based device-free sensing process and highlight the key techniques within the research field. We classify the existing literature into three categories, viz., (i) target detection, (ii) target localization, and (iii) target identification, and activity recognition. The techniques in each category are divided into multiple subcategories in a structured manner to comprehensively discuss the details. We also discuss the challenges associated with contemporary cutting-edge research and suggest potential solutions.
Dynamics of Three-Dimensional Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions
Authors: Gaitonde Datta V. , Adler Michael C.
Published: October 2022

Advances in measuring and understanding separated, nominally two-dimensional (2D) shock-wave/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions (STBLI) have triggered recent campaigns focused on three-dimensional (3D) STBLI, which display far greater configuration diversity. Nonetheless, unifying properties emerge for semi-infinite interactions, taking the form of conical asymptotic behavior where shock-generator specifics become insignificant. The contrast between 2D and 3D separation is substantial; the skewed vortical structure of 3D STBLI reflects the essentially 2D influence of the boundary layer on the 3D character of the swept shock. As with 2D STBLI, conical interactions engender prominent spectral content below that of the turbulent boundary layer. However, the uniform separation length scale, which is crucial to normalizing the lowest-frequency dynamics in 2D STBLI, is absent. Comparatively, the spectra of 3D STBLI are more representative of the mid-frequency, convective, shear-layer dynamics in 2D, while phenomena associated with 2D separation-shock breathing are muted. Asymptotic behavior breaks down in many regions important to 3D-STBLI dynamics, occurring in a configuration-dependent manner. Aspects of inceptive regions near shock generators and symmetry planes are reviewed. Focused efforts toward 3D modal and nonmodalanalyses, moving-shock/boundary-layer interactions, fluid/structure interactions, and flow control are suggested as directions for future work.
Unique Tunability to Conducting Polymer Enabled by Ionic Liquid Doping and its Application in Nitrite Sensing
Authors: Qu Ke , Dai Wentao , He Tie
Published: October 2022

Ionic liquids, owning multiple combinations of cations and anions, provide unique tunability for conducting polymer, which can provide distinctive properties tailored to different applications of these conducting polymer/ionic liquid composites. Herein, five different ionic liquids were utilized to dope poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, affording five different PEDOT/ionic liquid composites, which were evaluated for their electrochemical sensing performance towards environmental pollutant nitrite. Among them, ionic liquid N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl) ammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Deme][NTf2]) was unique in tuning PEDOT’s charge properties. No π-π intermolecular interactions were formed between bulky ammonium and PEDOT’s planar thiophene ring, thus cation [Deme] and anion [NTf2] tended to compete for doping into PEDOT matrix. The bulky cation N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium would remain more on PEDOT outside, affording more positive charge. The accumulated more positive charge on [Deme][NTf2]-doped PEDOT’s surface was beneficial to attract more adsorption of nitrite anion, contributing to its improved electrochemical sensing performance. [Deme][NTf2]-doped PEDOT was characterized by various techniques and served as excellent electrode modifier to enable nitrite determination, achieving a broad linear range of 0.05 to 10 mM and a high sensitivity of 642.38 μA mM−1 cm−2. Ionic liquid [Deme][NTf2] demonstrated its unique tuning capabilities to afford conducting polymer/ionic liquid composite, aiming for promising electrochemical sensing application.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Poly-L-Tyrosine/AuNCs/PDA-CNTs Nanocomposites for the Detection of 17β-Estradiol in Wastewater
Authors: Guo Miao , Cui Xia , Wang Lu , Yang Ke , Xu Jiameng , Yu Liangwei , Luo Zhimin , Zeng Aiguo , Zhang Jia , Fu Qiang
Published: October 2022

Achieving direct electrochemical detection of 17β-estradiol (E2) at low concentrations remains a challenge due to the weak electrochemical activity of E2. In this study, we report a simple, cheap and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on nanocomposite for the direct detection of E2 in wastewater. The nanocomposite sensing electrode was developed by electrochemical in situ polymerization. Due to the π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding between poly-L-tyrosine (P(L-tyr)) with E2, we prepared P(L-tyr) electrode based on dopamine-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PDA-CNTs) and gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). Then P(L-tyr)/AuNCs/PDA-CNTs/GCE sensing system was obtained. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of fast electron transfer of AuNCs and the signal amplification effect of PDA-CNTs enables sensitive and direct detection of E2. The results showed that P(L-tyr)/AuNCs/PDA-CNTs/GCE sensor had a linear response to E2 concentration from 0.05 to 10 μmol·l−1 with a detection limit of 7.1 nmol·l−1. Then, the trace amount of E2 in pharmaceutical wastewater samples can be directly detected against several interferences from complex matrix, with recoveries from 91.0 to 107.5%. P(L-tyr)/AuNCs/PDA-CNTs/GCE showed good stability when placed at room temperature. Therefore, it can meet the requirements of the sensitive detection of E2 in complex matrix.
Analytical Specificity and Microbial Interference Study of a 30-Second Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Detection Biosensor System
Authors: Chiang Chao-Ching , Chiu Chan-Wen , Ren Fan , Tsai Cheng-Tse , Liao Yu-Te , Esquivel-Upshaw Josephine F. , Pearton Stephen J.
Published: October 2022

The analytical specificity and microbial interference of a SARS-CoV-2 biosensor detection platform were elucidated in this work. A cost-effective and highly sensitive detection system for the virus has been developed with the capability of producing quantitative results comparable with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) within 30 s. This could meet the demand for a fast diagnosis solution needed for the ongoing global pandemic. Disposable strips were biofunctionalized and immobilized with monoclonal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A printed circuit board embedded with a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) was also designed. The strips were connected to the gate electrode of the MOSFET, which received a synchronous pulse along with the drain electrode. The resulting waveform from the drain was then converted to digital readouts corresponding to virus or spike protein concentrations. We investigated 26 common organisms which are likely presented in the respiratory system along with 5 pathogens from the same genetic family of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for having cross-reaction or microbial interference, either of which would hinder the efficacy of the system. None of these organisms decreased the virus detection effectiveness of the sensor system.
Substrate Effect on Liquid Petroleum Gas Sensors of Cuprous Oxide Thin Films Electrodeposited in Acetate Bath
Authors: Bandara A. H. M. N. N. , Perera V. P. S. , Senadeera G. K. R. , Bandara K. N. D.
Published: October 2022

Cuprous oxide thin films were electrodeposited in an acetate bath (∼60 °C) using FTO, ITO, Ti, and Cu substrates to understand their influence on the surface morphology of the films and their wetting nature against Liquid Petroleum gas (LPG). According to spectral response and capacitance-voltage analysis, n-Cu2O films resulted in the electrodeposition bath at pH range of 5.7–6.5. In addition, SEM data revealed the substrate effect on crystal morphologies of Cu2O thin films with unique porous and tetrahedron structures of Cu2O having different grain sizes. XRD analysis gives evidence in support of these grain size variation which emphasized Ti and ITO to have the lowest grain sizes of 24 nm and 30.9 nm respectively. Following the contact angle measurements and their wetting natures, characterized films were subjected to LP gas sensing evaluations in which, proved that deposited n-Cu2O films on FTO, ITO, and Ti can improve gas sensor performances with their moderate wetting behaviors. Under stable sensing conditions, ITO exhibits the most enhanced LPG response, recovery, and stability over time. In comparison, all the experimental results unveiled that substrates do have a major effect, in optimizing interface properties of Cu2O films to achieve better response in many fields of applications.
Proposal of Field-Emission Device Capped with an Insulator Film and Aspects of Expected Performance
Authors: Omura Yasuhisa
Published: October 2022

We propose a field-emission device capped with an insulator film (FEDCIF) similar to the Spindt-type emitter; its performance and possible merits are demonstrated by simulations. The most significant aspect of the FEDCIF structure is its use of high-k dielectric material to cover the emitter. The potential drop across the high-k dielectric reduces the effective barrier height across the vacuum. In addition, the electron affinity of the high-k dielectric is large so the threshold voltage for emission is lowered when applying d. c. voltage. Future merits of the FEDCIF are considered.
Rhythmic auditory stimulation during gait adaptation enhances learning aftereffects and savings by reducing common neural drives to lower limb muscles
Authors: Kitatani Ryosuke , Umehara Jun , Hirono Tetsuya , Yamada Shigehito
Published: October 2022

RAS during gait adaptation against swing phase perturbation enhances learning aftereffects and savings of gait symmetries. EMG-EMG coherence in the rectus femoris muscle in the β band on the perturbed side during the swing phase was significantly lower in the RAS than in the no-RAS conditions during the early adaptation period. These results support the application of RAS as external feedback to improve gait symmetry during gait adaptation in the rehabilitation of neurological patients.
Study on the Precursor Signal Capturing of Unfavorable Weather: Months/Years in Advance to Ultra-Early Forecast for Hourly Transient Weather Changes during the Beijing Winter Olympics
Authors: Wang Deying , Wang Jizhi , Yang Yuanqin , Liu Liangke , Jia Wenxing , Zhong Junting , Wang Yaqiang
Published: October 2022

Today, among the existing numerical weather prediction models, those detailing target classifications have been sufficiently explored; however, there are still many weather forecasting goals and needs, and research from theoretical to practical methods still needs additional study. For example, it is important to know as early as possible (months to years in advance) the forecast during a “specific large public event,” such as the hourly weather forecast for the Olympic Games. This study elaborates on the theory and methods for such ultra-early prediction of severe transient weather processes in the atmosphere. The main results of this study include (1) establishing the academic concept to capture precursor signals in modern meteorology and provide definitions; (2) establishing methods for capturing precursory signal quantification of unfavorable weather and proposing quantitative measurable thresholds; and (3) proposing the “ultra-early prediction” target task. A typical case is discussed: the meteorological conditions of the Beijing Winter Olympics, which serves as an example of social demand for weather forecasting of “special large-scale public activities,” as the case results show that the real-time observations during the Beijing Winter Olympics are consistent with the forecast and followed the precursor signal developed using the theoretical and methodological approaches in this study. The numerical quantization indicators for precursor signals include: (1) for a decrease in the height of the mixed layer hidden in the diurnal change; the precursor signal threshold is defined as a drop of more than 100 m for 3 consecutive days; (2) the signal of the δΘe displayed as a change by “negative ⟶ positive” of more than seven days in a continuous period. (3) the supersaturation (S) with thresholds reaching 6–7%, as well as the threshold <0.5 × 10−3 for saturated condensation flux signals (ξp); and (4) the hourly resolution transport index of PLAM (parameter linking air-pollution to meteorological condition) PLAM ⟶ obj remaining continuous for 48 h, with its threshold reaching more than 100.
The Influence of Mobile Video Advertisement Context and Consumers’ Learning Style on Advertising Effects
Authors: Huang Hsieh-Hong , Lin Jian-Wei , Li Xin Chun
Published: October 2022

Consumers’ learning styles influence their attitudes toward advertisements and, in turn, their purchase intention. In particular, learning styles differ in terms of visual attention when viewing static objects. However, despite the increasing popularity of mobile video advertisements, few studies have used visual attention to observe consumer cognition and purchase intention. Additionally, there is a research gap regarding the influence of the context of mobile video advertisements on purchase intentions. Based on learning style theory, this study used an eye tracker to observe and record subjects’ eye movements while watching advertisements to explore whether their visual attention modulates purchase intentions because of individual learning styles. Moreover, the study investigated whether consumers possessed global or sequential learning styles in the context of mobile video advertisements. A quasiexperimental factorial 2 (mobile video advertisement: contextual/noncontextual) × 2 (learning style: sequential/global) study was conducted in Taiwan, and 32 valid subjects were recruited. We used eye tracking and questionnaire methods to gather data. The research variables were analyzed to understand their interactions and operational definitions. We found that consumers with different learning styles have varying visual attention to different mobile video advertisement contexts and different levels of purchase intentions. The results of this study can be used as a reference for future studies on mobile video marketing, learning styles, and advertising contexts. Additionally, it can be useful for advertisers when designing advertisements that enhance consumers’ purchase intentions.
Classification of Marine Mammals Using the Trained Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network with the Whale Algorithm Developed with the Fuzzy System
Authors: Hosseini Nejad Takhti Ali , Saffari Abbas , Martín Diego , Khishe Mohammad , Mohammadi Mokhtar
Published: October 2022

The existence of various sounds from different natural and unnatural sources in the deep sea has caused the classification and identification of marine mammals intending to identify different endangered species to become one of the topics of interest for researchers and activist fields. In this paper, first, an experimental data set was created using a designed scenario. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is then used to train the multilayer perceptron neural network (MLP-NN). However, due to the large size of the data, the algorithm has not determined a clear boundary between the exploration and extraction phases. Next, to support this shortcoming, the fuzzy inference is used as a new approach to developing and upgrading WOA called FWOA. Fuzzy inference by setting FWOA control parameters can well define the boundary between the two phases of exploration and extraction. To measure the performance of the designed categorizer, in addition to using it to categorize benchmark datasets, five benchmarking algorithms CVOA, WOA, ChOA, BWO, and PGO were also used for MLPNN training. The measured criteria are concurrency speed, ability to avoid local optimization, and the classification rate. The simulation results on the obtained data set showed that, respectively, the classification rate in MLPFWOA, MLP-CVOA, MLP-WOA, MLP-ChOA, MLP-BWO, and MLP-PGO classifiers is equal to 94.98, 92.80, 91.34, 90.24, 89.04, and 88.10. As a result, MLP-FWOA performed better than other algorithms.