bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mediatext Language Practices as a Factor in Representation of Reality
Authors: Kirillova N B
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the theoretical aspects of mediaculture as a sign system with reference to its historic development. The media language as a complex of sign systems (texts) evolved from object script to written language, from text copying (bookprinting) to electronic mediaculture, its visual, audial and audiovisual (screen) kinds. Contemporary me-diaculture that represents reality by means of a screen is related to the frame aesthetics. It is the screen culture that integrates and synthesizes all the previous sign systems due to the fact that new media is a result of technical progress.
The Storming of the Winter Palace as a Mythmaking of National Screen Culture
Authors: Ilchenko Sergey N
Published: February 2020

The article analyzes the problems of cinematic authenticity of one of the key events of Russian history of the 20th century - that is the storming of the Winter Palace in Petrograd in autumn 1917. The interpretation of this event of the Great Russian revolution in the author's opinion is a good example to demonstrate the formation of the mythology of the Story, which was one of the meanings of types of screen culture of the Soviet period. The author examines classics of Russian cinema dedicated to the events of 1917 in Petrograd. The study focuses upon three films - October by Sergei Eisenstein (1927), Lenin in October by Michael Romm (1937) and I saw the birth of a new world (2nd part of the novels Red bells, 1982) by Sergei Bondarchuk. Each of the three films is considered as a stage of formation of the image of the fake key events of October 1917. The author reveals the mechanism of formation of the onscreen Canon, which, since the film of Eisenstein, has been perceived as the only possible feature version of the event. Following the task, the author compares subsequent versions of Romm and Bondarchuk's October and concludes that they somehow had at its core thematic and visual concept of an image of the events specified by Eisenstein. The article demonstrates how a combination of different factors, which in the final versions of the films by Eisenstein, Romm, and Bondarchuk has led to the fact that the display concept of the episode "Winter Storm" when in each of them though differed in the details and the circumstances from the origin, coincide in the main idea of the assault on the rebels of the revolutionary masses. Discussing the impact of the three classic films on the related and subsequent films devoted to the events of 1917, the author comes to the conclusion that in the current cinema the visual Canon of interpretation has a strong mythological style, which is at odds with the facts of documentary evidence and confirmation, which are in opposition to the established due to the cinema version. This allows to identify the on-screen episodes analyzed as a complex historical fake, which has obtained a pseudo-real life on screen.
From a Liberal Opposition Party to a Right-Wing Party of Power. Three Decades of the Hungarian Fidesz (1988-2018)
Authors: Kubas Sebastian , Czyż Anna
Published: February 2020

Artykuł dotyczy rozwoju węgierskiej partii Fidesz w kontekście trzech dekad jej istnienia (1988–2018). Autorzy skupili się na przeprowadzeniu analizy ostatnich ośmiu lat jej działalności, ponieważ w tym okresie partia nieprzerwanie wygrywała kolejne wybory parlamentarne. Ukazano fenomen Fideszu, który z ugrupowania o proweniencji liberalnej i młodzieżowej przekształcił się w silną organizację konsolidującą środowiska prawicowe. Ponadto wyjaśniono mechanizmy oraz przybliżono efekty działań podjętych przez partię Viktora Orbána w celu utrzymania władzy na Węgrzech.
Formación docente a nivel de postgrado en Latinoamérica
Authors: Herrera Perez Jhan Carlos
Published: February 2020

El artículo de reflexión se orienta a analizar la formación docente a nivel de postgrado en el contexto latinoamericano, contextualizado principalmente en  estudios de Maestría y Doctorado, Se enfatiza la importancia de la investigación como un componente esencial de estos programas académicos y los retos que se deben plantear actores como: gobierno, instituciones y docentes para contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad educativa.  Desde el fundamento metodológico un análisis reflexivo-argumentativo permite la construcción teórica en atención a las principales categorías trabajadas: Formación Docente – Estudios de Postgrado – Calidad Educativa. Entre los principales resultados destaca que los diferentes gobiernos intentan establecer mecanismos que les permitan mejorar el control del presupuesto, pero en sus afán por lograr objetivos referidos por organismos internacionales como la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), establecen políticas que no son concertadas con todos los actores, incluidos gremios o sindicatos, lo que ha derivado en consecuencias negativas para los educadores. Se concluye que la formación docente a nivel de postgrado, contribuye con el mejoramiento de la calidad educativa por cuanto fortalece: el perfil de competencias, la innovación didáctica – pedagógica y la promoción en el escalafón docente.
Gaziantep İli Nizip İlçesi Zeytin Bahçelerinin Yaprak ve Toprak Örnekleri ile Beslenme Durumunun Belirlenmesi
Authors: KELEŞ UZEL Neslihan , ÇİMRİN Kerim Mesut
Published: February 2020

Çalışma, Gaziantep ili Nizip ilçesini temsilen seçilen zeytin bahçelerinin beslenme durumlarını belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu nedenle 20 bahçeden 0-30 ve 30-60 cm den olmak üzere iki farklı derinlikten 40 adet toprak örneği ile 20 adet yaprak örneği alınmıştır. Alınan toprak örneklerinde bünye, CaCO3, pH, EC, organik madde, KDK ve bazı besin elementleri yanında bir kısım ağır metal analizleri yapılırken yaprak örneklerinde ise N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn ve B analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, araştırma alanı topraklarının %77.5’i kil, %12.5’sı siltli killi tın ve %10’u killi tın bünyeye sahip olduğu, toprakların tamamının hafif alkalin reaksiyonlu ve tuzsuz sınıfında yer aldığı, organik madde içeriklerinin yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Toprakların %17.5’inde P, %50’sinin Mg, %7.5’inın Fe, %97.5’inin Zn, %100’ünün B içeriği yönünden yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Topraklarda ağır metal açısından kirliliğe rastlanmazken, yaprak örneklerinin tamamının P, K ve Ca %25’inin Mg, %95’inin Cu, %5’inin Zn, %65’inin Mn içeriği yönünden noksan olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak elde edilen bulgular, Gaziantep ili Nizip ilçesi zeytin bahçelerinde beslenme sorunlarının olduğunu, yörede yer alan zeytin bahçelerinde toprak ve bitki analizlerine dayalı bilinçli bitki beslenme programlarının olmadığını göstermiştir. Bu sebeple zeytin ile gübreleme çalışmalarının arttırılarak dozların belirlenmesi gerekliliği yanında, üreticilerinin toprak ve yaprak analizlerine gereken önemi vermeleri ve bilimsel temellere dayalı beslenmeleri ile ilgili olarak bilinçlendirilmeleri gerekmektedir.
Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliği Üyesi İşletmelerin Gıda Güvenliği Kriterlerine Uyum Düzeyi: Menemen İlçesi Örneği
Authors: DEMİRBAŞ Nevin
Published: February 2020

Türkiye’de süt hayvancılığı işletmeleri genellikle küçük ölçekli işletmelerdir. İşletme ölçeği ile gıda güvenliği kriterlerine uyum arasında güçlü bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, tarımsal örgütlenmenin süt sektöründe gıda güvenliğinin sağlanmasına önemli katkıları olabilecektir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, İzmir’in önemli süt üretim bölgelerinden olan Menemen İlçesi’nde Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliği’ne (DSYB) üye olan işletmelerde gıda güvenliği kriterlerine uyum düzeyinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmanın verileri, süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde yüzyüze yapılan anketlerden elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde tek yönlü ANOVA ve Kruskal Wallis Testi’nden yararlanılmıştır. Tarım İşletmelerinin gıda güvenliği kriterlerine uyum düzeyinin belirlenmesi için 5’li Likert Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, işletmecilerin gıda güvenliği bilgi düzeyleri düşük, özellikle küçük ölçekli işletmelerin gıda güvenliği kriterlerine uyumlarının da yeterli olmadığı belirlenmiştir. DSYB ve bölgedeki diğer tarımsal kuruluşların üreticilerin gıda güvenliği kriterleri ve uygulamaları konusunda bilgilendirilmesinde daha etkin rol almaları önerilmektedir.
Mainstreaming Homosexuality in Nollywood: The Efforts and the Challenges
Authors: Abah Adedayo Ladigbolu
Published: February 2020

A critical analysis of the attempts by Nollywood, the melodramatic video-film industry in Nigeria, to address and mainstream the notion of homosexuality in Nigeria and across the continent. Using the cultivation theory and the inter-group contact theory, the study explores the notion of mainstreaming of homosexuality by the very popular medium across Africa. How has this particular medium address the issue of homosexuality in society through characterization and plot? Since Nollywood is a highly didactic medium, what messages about homosexuality are being presented and how do these messages contribute to or erode from existing conceptions and misconceptions about homosexuality in Nigeria? Has the medium, in its portrayal of homosexuality, contributed to the moral panic on the issue or help deflect the moral panic? The analysis is done against the backdrop of the ongoing legal, social and political homophobic rhetoric currently engulfing Nigeria and other African nations. The focus of the study is the frequency of reference to homosexuality in the society, the characterization of homosexual persons in the video-films and the narratives of the homosexual person in relation to heterosexuals in the society. The video-films examined are: Emotional Crack (2003); Men in Love (2010) and Mind Game (2010). The results indicate that while more plots and characterization is being done by Nollywood to make homosexuality salient to the society, the characterizations of homosexuality is unsympathetic at best and even dubious in certain circumstances. In the one instance where a strong and sympathetic characterization is employed, the plot is undermined to restore the mainstream socio-religious homophobic discourse.
Enhancing Food Security through Acclimatized Species Domestication in the Haor Region
Authors: Miah Md. Rahimullah
Published: February 2020

Stratagem to promote improvement based on the cultivating, nurturing, harvesting, jamboree, processing, collecting period and diversifying of acclimatized species implicitly target households as principal beneficiaries in haor region of Bangladesh. This paper suggests that the cultivation and domestication of acclimatized species can play important roles for enhancing food security in these co-managed areas. Sunamgonj is a haor based district in Bangladesh where local communities are affected by the unwanted deluge throughout the approximately six months round the year. Most of haor inhabitants are hampered on food insecurity including fundamental needs and networks in this period. For these overcomes, succession of vegetative-floristic compositions including fauna and genetic diversification introduced in these areas not only for upliftment of food security but also shelter bank free from devastating. This study focuses on four Upazillas in Sunamgonj that derive a significant portion of their livelihoods from providing of cultivated species including flora and fauna in the mentioned haor region. The author applied social science methods for relevant data and information collection surrounding these haor areas. About 65% respondents of these regions are opined for seasonal species cultivation and domestication through the co-managed partners both government and development organizations including national and international agencies. The author wants to aware for species selection, domestication, tending, training and development  among the enthusiastic farmers on the priority requirements on species gene bank to accomplish a broader concept of food security and to ensure that short-term food benefits lead to longer-term food security. It concludes that both research on the cultivation and domestication of acclimatization and co-management practices that are needed to allow haor inhabitants to continue to live ensuring food security round the year in this region within a sustainable manner of haor resources. Finally, the author infers the future research trajectories of the co-managed approaches and recommendations for how to further sustainable develop the probable domesticated resources alternatively for food security in the aforesaid.
HIV/AIDS Risk among the Children of Bangladesh
Authors: Zahan Nasrin
Published: February 2020

Everyday more than thousands of people are becoming infected with HIV/AIDs worldwide nearly half of them are women. According to the joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDs (JNAIDs) “2010 Report on the Global Aids Epidemic”, 2.5 million children around the world are living with HIV/AIDs. Most HIV infections are passed from mother to child during pregnancy. Bangladesh as a developing country, in spite of resource scarcity, has been operating some significant policy initiatives with the active role from both governmental and non-governmental bodies to prevent and mitigate the impact of the epidemic in the families. Though there is, no notable program running in Bangladesh especially for children developed awareness as well as preventing them from HIV and AIDS. This Study reviews current knowledge of mother-to-child HIV transmission in developing countries, summarizes key findings from the trials, outlines future research requirements, and implementing prenatal HIV prevention interventions in resource-poor settings. Successful implementation of available prenatal HIV interventions could substantially improve global child survival. As for this, to formulate a complete strategy and action plan in both national and local level for this alarming issue is an utmost necessity.
A Comparative Study on the Preference for Delivery Process in Bangladesh
Authors: Jisun Tahsin Farzana , Kabir Md. Rasel
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to assess the current situation about caesarean births and natural births in Bangladesh. This study along with an objective of presenting the comparative analysis also examines the factors that influence women to take decision about their delivery. Statistical analyses based on face to face interviews with 110 pregnant women from government and private institution were performed to find out the dominant factors affecting women to choose their delivery process. Both bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to identify the influential socioeconomic factors. This study attempted to seek out the factors that are responsible for women to take their decisions regarding the delivery process. The variables named living place, occupation, economic condition, education level and institution were found to be most significant.
Determinants of Timely Completion of Projects in Kenya: A Case of Kenya Power and Lighting Company, Thika
Authors: Kariungi Stephen Muriithi
Published: February 2020

In Kenya, the electric power supply is significantly insufficient and covers a mere 20% of the population. Experience has shown that past electric power projects have not realized the expectations in terms of their implementation and quality at entry. This study was undertaken to determine the factors that influence timely completion of power projects within Thika region. These factors were assessed from various project levels; ranging from formulation of project plans, execution, monitoring and evaluation, and closure. The factors responsible for each situation were then identified and analyzed. Research findings were based on this analysis. Descriptive and exploratory research designs were adopted. The target population was project engineers, supervisors and technical staff working in projects. The information pertaining to monitoring and evaluation came from the representatives of project financiers who included Kenya Power and Lighting Company (KPLC) staff and other reliable stakeholders. This information motivated the coverage of all the concerns in different phases of the projects.Simple random sampling was employed to identify the key informants, who were grouped based on common characteristics. Questionnaires, interviews and observation check lists were used to collect data from various respondents based on their suitability. The data collected was then coded and analyzed using SPSS. Measures of central tendency and correlation analysis were used to establish an interaction between the independent and dependent variables. Procurement delays, timely availability of funds and climatic factors were observed to be the main factors that influenced the timely completion of KPLC projects in the studied area.
Congruence Properties of Andrews’SPT- Function
Authors: Das Sabuj
Published: February 2020

Let spt (n) denote the total number of appearances of the smallest part in each partition of n. In 1988, Garvan gave new combinatorial interpretations of  Ramanujan’s partition congruences mod 5, 7 and 11 in terms of a crank for weighted vector partitions. This paper shows how to generate the generating functions for spt(n),  elaborately and also shows how to prove the relation among the terms spt (n) and. In 2008, Andrews stated Ramanujan- type congruences for the spt- function mod 5, 7 and 13. The new combinatorial  interpretations of the spt- congruences mod 5 and 7 are given in this article. These are in terms of the spt- crank but for a restricted set of vector partitions. The proofs depend on relating the spt- crank with the crank of vector partitions.
Prevalence of self-medication and its pattern in medical students: a cross sectional study from Karnataka
Authors: Raikar Shrinivas R. , Javedar Pradeep , Takalkar Anant A.
Published: February 2020

Background: Self-medication is becoming a common type of self-care behavior among the population of many countries. Obtaining and consuming drugs without the advice of physician either for diagnosis, prescription or surveillance is called self-medication. The objectives of the study were to study prevalence and existing pattern of self-medication and its determinants among the medical students.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted involving 200 medical students by systemic random sampling method using pretested semi-structured proforma. Analysis was done using SPSS and results were presented. Chi square and odds ratio (OR) was used as statistical tool.Results: Out of 200 students, 66.5% students were from 22-24 years of age group (mean age 20.2±1.4 years, p<0.05). Prevalence of self-medication was 93%, of which 53.8% were girls and 46.2% were boys (p>0.05). Majority of the students (95.2%) were self-medicating with allopathy drugs. 51.6% responded that they were getting quick relief with self-medication. 82% were aware about the possible adverse effects (OR 0.5, p>0.05). Self-medication was practiced by 78% students for upper respiratory tract infection, headache (70%), fever (67.7%) and gastrointestinal upset (36%). Majority (83%) students consumed paracetamol tablet for various health related reasons followed by cough syrups (55.3%), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (54.3%), antibiotics (23.1%).Conclusions: Prevalence of self-medication was high in spite of awareness of possible adverse effects amongst students. Also, the knowledge of selection of appropriate drug for self-medication was observed to be poor.
A study of monitoring of early postoperative serum calcium levels in total thyroidectomy and its role in predicting temporary or permanent hypocalcemia: a prospective observational study
Authors: Reddy V. Suryanarayana , Cheruku Ashrith Reddy , Cheeti Rammohan , Acha Vivek , Gunde Prashanth
Published: February 2020

Background: This aim of study was to evaluate the ability of consecutive measurements of serum calcium levels to predict clinically relevant post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia and to assess risk factors for post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.Methods: The study design was a prospective observational study, total 65 patients who undergoing completion or total thyroidectomy. Serum calcium level was measured at the time of first follow up (nearly 20th postoperative day) and patient was examined for signs of hypocalcemia.Results: In this study, 65 patients of all age group included from 19 years to 78 years. The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 47.65±12.35 years with range from 19 to 78 years. The mean difference of calcium values after 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours post-operative period were statistically significant (p<0.001) between patients with hypocalcaemia and patient with normokalaemia in unpaired t-test.Conclusions: There was no significant increase in morbidity (including postoperative hypocalcaemia) in completion thyroidectomy compared to primary total thyroidectomy.
A study on clinical profile of acute undifferentiated febrile illness in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: I. Mariraj , Adil Mohammed , M. Ramkumar , M. Jagadeesan , S. Prasanna Karthik , R. Kannan , J. Damodharan , M. Vivekanandan
Published: February 2020

Background: Acute febrile illness is very common among patients seeking hospital care in tropical country like India. This study was conducted to evaluate etiology and clinical profile of Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Illness (AUFI) in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This study was conducted in 175 patients with acute febrile illness who were admitted in the medical wards and ICU from January 2018 to June 2019 in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical examination and investigations like complete hemogram, liver function test, renal function test, smear for malarial parasite, widal test, urine analysis blood and urine culture, antibody titters for dengue, Leptospirosis and imaging were done.Results: Out of 175, 94 (54%) were males and 81 (46%) were females. The commonest etiology was dengue (19%) followed by enteric fever (18%), scrub typhus (16%), malaria (14%), tuberculosis (6%) and leptospirosis (5%). 138 (79%) patients had less than 14 days of fever of which dengue was the most common and 37 (21%) patients had more than 14 days of fever with tuberculosis being predominate. Other common symptoms were chills/rigors, headache and myalgia seen in 77%, 71% and 42% respectively. Icterus was seen in malaria (42%) and leptospirosis (38%). Elevated transaminases levels were observed with dengue, leptospirosis, scrub typhus, enteric fever and malaria. ARDS was most common in scrub typhus.Conclusions: Among acute febrile illness, dengue and enteric fever were the most common in this study. A thorough and probing search for an eschar is very important in scrub typhus. The treating physician has to keep in mind the comprehensive list of differential diagnosis for patients with febrile illness and anticipating the complications.
Предварительные результаты использования световой ловушки при сборе жесткокрылых (insecta: coleoptera) в условиях городской среды (на примере г. Саратова)
Authors: Сажнев А.С. , Аникин В.В.
Published: February 2020

В статье описаны результаты применения световой ловушки при сборе колеоптерологического материала в черте города Саратова в период с 20 по 31 августа 2018 года. Собрано 33 экземпляра жесткокрылых, относящихся к 26 видам из 15 семейств. Виды Oxytelus migrator (Staphylinidae) и Corticaria minuta (Latridiidae) впервые указываются для территории Саратовской области. Среди всех сборов 30,7 % составляют инвазионные и криптогенные виды.
Пятнистости плодов яблони сорта «антоновка» грибкового происхождения
Authors: Куркина Юлия Николаевна
Published: February 2020

В статье приводятся данные изучения пятнистостей плодов яблони сорта “Антоновка”, отобранных на территории Белгородской области (Корочанский район). Исследования проводили на базе лаборатории микологии кафедры биотехнологии и микробиологии НИУ «БелГУ» в 2018 г.Выделение чистых культур возбудителей микозов осуществляли непосредственно из пятен на плодах по общепринятым методикам. Для культивирования патогенов использовали картофеле - морковный агар (КМА) и твердые питательные среды Чапека и Сабуро. Идентификациюмикромицетов проводили с учетом морфологии колоний, габитуса споруляции (типа конидиогенеза), микроскопии и культуральных свойств. Выделены штаммы грибов Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc., F. tricinctum (Cda) Sacc, Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze ex Nees et T. Nees Fries)Wiltshire, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.) Lk. и C. carpophilum Thuem. Представители F. equiseti высевались из пятен в области «чашечки» яблока, а F. tricinctum – из пятен на кожуре плодов в составе «комплексной» инфекции с альтернариями. Описаны особенности грибов в лабораторной культуре и разные типы пятен, характерные для каждого вида патогена
Laryngeal Oncocytic Cyst: An Uncommon Incident
Authors: Erfanian Reza , Shakiba Saeed , Nourbakhsh Seyed Mohammad Ali , Sohrabpour Saeed
Published: February 2020

Oncocytic cysts of the larynx are benign and rare lesions constituting a pathologically distinct
sub-group of cysts. In this report, we present a case with dyspnea with two large masses on
false vocal cord identified by video laryngoscopy. Fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation revealed
oncocytic laryngeal cysts.
Radiological Presentation of a Patient With Multiple Sclerosis and Hepatic Disorder
Authors: Salehizadeh Saeideh , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser
Published: February 2020

In this case study, we presented the radiological characteristics of a 43-year-old female
patient diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Following mitoxantrone administration, she
developed liver failure. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) revealed multiple periventricular
lesions in T2 and bilateral involvement of putamen and Globus Pallidus (GP) areas in T1
sequences.
Cold Agglutinin Disease in Non-Secretory Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report
Authors: Abbaszadeh Mahsa , Radkhah Hanieh , Karimpour Reyhan Sahar , Khajavi Rad Nasim
Published: February 2020

Skin involvement is not common as the first manifestation of Multiple Myeloma (MM). Although extremely rare, leucocytoclastic vasculitis, plasmasytoma, autoimmune bullous disease, livedo reticularis and Raynaud’s phenomenon may be the initial presentation of MM. Raynaud’s phenomenon and livedo reticularis related to cold exposure can be due to Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD) or cryoglobulinemia and can be seen as the first manifestation of MM. In this case study, we described a 55-year-old man complaining of limbs livedo reticularis and Raynaud’s phenomenon during cold weather. Further evaluations revealed anemia and elevated ESR. Skull X-ray showed multiple punched-out lesions. Finally, serum protein electrophoresis and bone marrow aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of non-secretory MM as the underlying disease of CAD. The patient was referred to the hematologist for the treatment of MM.
A Rare Case of Sublingual Gland Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Hajibegloo Shima , Heidari Farrokh , Yadegar Amirhossein , Heidari Firouzeh , Karimi Ebrahim , Aghazadeh Keyvan
Published: February 2020

Background: Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease due to the infection with the larvae of
Echinococcus granulosus. The liver and lungs (80%) are the main organs involved and rarely
head and neck.
Case Presentation: A 47-year-old Iranian man presented to our center complaining of
sublingual inflammation for 8 months. Sonography revealed a cystic lesion of 4×5×6 cm within
the tongue. CT-scan showed a well-defined and hypodense mass in the floor of the mouth.
Cyst resection was performed with the probability of ranula. Pathology was suggestive of
hydatid cyst. Further workups revealed liver involvement. Therefore, he was treated with
albendazole for 2 months.
Conclusion: The hydatid cyst in the head and neck is rare and the involvement of sublingual
gland is extremely rare. However, in endemic areas, hydatid cyst should be considered in the
differential diagnosis of head and neck masses.
Pethidine’s Half-life Alterations following Orthopedic Surgery: Is Available Literature Always Compatible with the Data Obtained at the Bedside?
Authors: Afshar Shima , Hashemian Farshad , Anari Sasan , Qomi Mahnaz , Rouini Mohammadreza
Published: February 2020

Background:  It is suggested that surgery results in changes in kinetic profile of some medication. The aim of this study was to investigate possible alterations in pethidine’s half-life in postoperative pain management following orthopedic surgery of the inferior limb.
Methods: Twelve patients, who were classified as class I patients according to the American society of anesthesiologists physical status classification, were enrolled. Following the surgery of the lower limb, 25 mg of pethidine was injected intravenously. After that, 5, 30, 60 and 180 minutes following the injection, blood samples were taken and concentration of pethidine in blood samples was measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography method. Moreover, patients’ pain levels were assessed on visual analogue scales.
Results: The average half-life of pethidine was measured to be 29.68 minutes. Thirty minutes after the injection, significant relationship between plasma levels of pethidine and pain scale was reported (p= 0.041, r= 0.595). Moreover, men were found to perceive more pain than women. Pain scale was considerably different between smokers and non-smokers (p= 0.006), although blood concentration of pethidine was not significantly different between these two groups (p=0.09).
Conclusions: The average half-life of pethidine was shorter compared to the established half-life in literature. Orthopedic surgery most probably results in alterations in pharmacokinetic profile of pethidine. Moreover, gender and smoking status of the patients influence pain perception. Thus, pharmacokinetic alterations due to inferior limb orthopedic surgery, gender-related factors and smoking status of the patients should be considered in pain management in clinical settings.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 82-86.
A Drug Utilization Evaluation Study of Intravenous Acetaminophen in a Large Teaching Hospital
Authors: Esfahani Zeinab , Abrishami Ramin , Mousavinasab Seyed Ruhollah , Hatami-Mazinani Nazafarin
Published: February 2020

Background: Intravenous (IV) acetaminophen has become the most commonly chosen analgesic medication in critical care settings. Overall, the cost of the drug is higher than oral and rectal acetaminophen. As a result, numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the appropriateness of IV acetaminophen use based on guidelines. A lot of studies have shown that there is poor quality in compliance with guideline in developing countries. Current study aims to evaluate prescribing behavior of IV acetaminophen regimens in hospitalized adults in Tehran, Iran.
 Methods: We enrolled 277 patients (including 137 men and 140 women) with age ranged between 18-65 years. Demographic data and clinical and preclinical parameters such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, name of ward, prescribing reason, doses, dose intervals, number of doses, type of vehicle used and durations of infusion were collected and recorded for analysis.
Results: Our results have shown that guideline Adherence was seen only in 20 (7.22%) out of 277 patients. IV acetaminophen is prescribed mostly by emergency medicine specialists, and it is more inappropriately prescribed by these specialists in comparison to other specialists. It was also found that non-compliance of IV acetaminophen prescribing with guideline imposes additional 1038 USD for 3 months of the study.
Conclusion: The evaluation of prescribing indicators showed low quality prescription by medical specialists. The pattern of prescribing depending on the medical specialties was also different. In addition, overuse and misuse of IV acetaminophen imposes substantial cost and the economic burden on healthcare system.
 J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 87-93.
Assessment of N-acetylcysteine as an Alternative for the Treatment of the Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rajabi Fatemeh , Haghanifar Monireh , Tarrahi Mohammad Javad
Published: February 2020

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a common condition affecting females' quality of life in a significant negative manner. Verities of medical treatments have been investigated for whether the prevention or treatment of this condition with uncertain outcomes. Currently, evidence has shown the role of oxidant and antioxidant agents in the etiology of PMDD. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent that we have aimed to assess its efficacy for the treatment of PMDD, and compare it with fluoxetine, as one of the choice treatment of this disorder.
Methods: The current randomized clinical trial has been conducted on 119 childbearing females, randomly divided into three groups of either treatment with 10 mg of fluoxetine twice daily or 450 mg of NAC twice daily or placebo in 2016-2018. The agents were administered daily for two weeks within the initiation of menstruation cycle for two menstruation cycles. The questionnaires of Hamilton and daily record of severity of problems (DRSP) were filled before and following the interventions for groups, and the results were compared.
Results: The baseline DRSP and Hamilton scores were not statistically different among the three groups (P>0.05) while by the end of the study all of the groups presented significantly improved scores (P<0.001). Comparison of three groups revealed remarkable inferiority of placebo to the other two groups (P<0.05) while no statistical difference was found between N-acetylcysteine with fluoxetine in terms of neither Hamilton (P:0.12) nor DRSP scores (P:0.75).
Conclusion:  Findings of our study are in favor of NAC use for the treatment of PMDD. Further studies with larger sample size and elongated duration of treatment and follow-ups are strongly recommended.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 94-99
Evaluation of Albumin Administration Pattern in a Teaching University Affiliated Hospital in Iran
Authors: Zarepour Leila , Saghafi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: February 2020

Background: Albumin has long been used as a critical medication in many hospitalized cases, especially for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) section. Some adverse clinical impacts and economic limitations have made the human albumin an appropriate therapeutic agent for extensive analyses.
Methods: This retrospective follow-up study was performed in Firozabadi hospital as a General Medical Teaching and Research Center with 12 major units and ICU sections. Information of the patients was collected based on the charts, physician and the nursing reports. We evaluated all 153 patients who used albumin in January to June 2016 (first 6-months) before guideline distribution and then during January to June 2018 (second 6-months).
Results: We evaluated current management protocols for hypoalbuminemia, sepsis shock, nephrotic syndrome, hepatorenal syndrome, CVA (Cerebrovascular Accident), cirrhosis, electrolyte disorder, cardiovascular surgery, edema and ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome). During this study, we found that before guideline distribution, 297 numbers (27.1% of total prescribed albumin vials) of albumin vials prescribed for 20 patients (18.6%); while after 18-month interval, guideline adoption the second 6-month administration pattern was not inappropriate; Nevertheless, the number of patients, vials, duration and level of albumin was different in comparison with the first evaluated group and were more accordant with standard instructions. 
Conclusion: Some changes in administration strategies would be observed after executing the standard operating procedures and confirms that this approach might remarkably alter the physician’s attitude toward more rationalized prescription of critical agents that subsequently reduce the associated implied costs on health systems.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 100-105.
Carbapenems Utilization Evaluation in Neutropenic Patients of a Teaching Hospital
Authors: Bahador Lida , Vazin Afsaneh , Davarpanah Mohammad Ali , Arfa Peyman
Published: February 2020

Background: Carbapenems is frequently prescribed for treatment or prophylaxis in neutropenic patients. It is cleared that antimicrobial misuse can cause poor patient outcomes, through raise of antibiotic resistance, increased adverse events, and prolonged length of hospital stay. To evaluate the rational use of Imipenem- Cilastatin and Meropenem for empirical antibacterial therapy in neutropenic patients based on IDSA guideline.
Methods: Through this cross-sectional study, we assessed the appropriateness of administration of Carbapenems in neutropenic patients admitted in hematology–oncology and bone marrow transplant wards in Namazee hospital, Shiraz, Iran, from March 2012 to May 2013.
Results: Total of 90 patients was enrolled. Drug therapy duration was appropriate in 69.6% of Imipenem-Cilastatin and 75% of Meropenem groups. Sampling time of culture was appropriated in 59.1% of Imipenem-Cilastatin and 78.3% of Meropenem group, interval of drug administration was correct in 74.5% at initiation and 79.4% during therapy in Imipenem-Cilastatin group. For dosing these values were 74.5% and 72.2%, respectively. These values were evaluated in patients who received Meropenem too, interval was correct in 89.5% at initiation and 90.3% during therapy, dosing was correct in 12.3% both at initiation and during therapy.
Conclusion: These finding suggest that attention to correct dose, correct interval, renal dose adjustment, logical indication for administration of Carbapenem should be considered by health care system.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 106-111.
Azithromycin-Related Bicytopenia: An Exceptional Adverse Effect
Authors: Hammami Fatma , Fourati Salma , Koubaa Makram , Smaoui Fatma , Rekik Khaoula , Marrakchi Chakib , Jemma Mounir Ben
Published: February 2020

Macrolide antibiotics are commonly prescribed and are usually well tolerated. Azithromycin-related anemia and thrombocytopenia has not been reported previously. Here, we present the case of a 63-year-old man with bicytopenia following azithromycin treatment for ocular toxoplasmosis. He developed both thrombocytopenia and anemia after less than 7 days of treatment. Pyrimethamine, known for its hematologic side effects, was stopped on admission. However, the platelets drop continued to worsen. Then, azithromycin has been incriminated. All his symptoms and laboratory abnormalities were recovered within 7 days after the discontinuation of azithromycin treatment. Physicians must be aware of azithromycin-induced bicytopenia because its early detection can decrease the severity of these side effects.
J Pharm Care 2019; 7(4): 118-119.
The Balance between Interleukin 5 and Interleukin 10 Level in Persistent Atopic Asthma after House Dust Mite Allergen Dermatophaigoides pteronyssinus (Der p) Stimulation
Authors: Nova Handayani Rahmaya , Yunus Faisal , Ibrahim Ermita , Rengganis Iris
Published: February 2020

Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract characterized by coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing and limited expiratory airflow. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine produced by T regulators which functions to suppress pro-inflammatory production and development. Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is glycoprotein produced by Th2 which acts as a proinflammatory agent. This study aimed to analyze how to balance between IL-10 and IL-5 levels on persistent atopic asthma. The study design was an experimental research method with invitro study used isolation and cell culture of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) with negative control Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium, positive control Phytohaemaglutinin (PHA) and house dust mite allergen stimulation 10 µl. This study involved 39 samples asthmatic. There was a significant increase in IL-5 levels after stimulation of house dust mite allergens with p: 0.000; there was a significant decrease in IL-10 levels after house dust mite allergen stimulation with p: 0.000. Our study suggests that IL-5 and IL-10 balance is related to persistent atopic asthma after house dust mite allergen Der p stimulation.
Keywords: Interleukin 5, Interleukin 10, Atopic Asthma, house dust mite allergen, ELISA
Bioinformatics Analyses of Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from Bacillus sp. SS3.4
Authors: . Dikson , Pinontoan Reinhard
Published: February 2020

Various types of microorganisms particularly bacteria and fungi are capable of producing xylanolytic enzymes that degrade xylan into simple sugars to be used as their carbon sources. Xylanolytic enzymes, particularly endo-1,4-β-xylanase, has been extensively used in various industrial sectors, including biofuel, livestock, paper, and food. Previously, Bacillus sp. SS3.4 was observed to have xylanolytic activities on wheat bran, suggesting its capability of producing xylanolytic enzymes, endo-1,4-β-xylanase included. With great numbers of data available in nucleotide and protein sequence databases, bioinformatics analyses of protein structure for function prediction have become attractive to supplement wet laboratory experiments to reduce time and money consumption. Therefore, in this study, bioinformatics analyses were performed on Bacillus sp. endo-1,4-β-xylanase sequence in order to further evaluate the enzyme’s function by exploring its protein structure in comparison to other known bacterial endo-1,4-β-xylanase. In this study, Bacillus sp. endo-1,4-β-xylanase sequence was identified from its whole genome sequence. The sequence was then analyzed by using BLAST to perform a homology search for identifying the protein, MUSCLE to perform multiple sequence alignment for comparing with other enzyme sequences, PHYLOGENY-FR to display its relatedness among Bacillus, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei, and SWISS-MODEL to generate its three-dimensional structure. Results from BLAST confirmed that the identified sequence was endo-1,4-β-xylanase, with greater relatedness to Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens endo- 1,4-β-xylanase. While results from MUSCLE and SWISS-MODEL suggested that the endo-1,4-β-xylanase belongs to the Glycosyl Hydrolase 11 (GH11) family bearing the distinct shape of a jelly roll with well-conserved binding and catalytic residues. These results strongly suggest that Bacillus sp. endo-1,4-β-xylanase is potentially capable of degrading xylan with highly similar mechanism as with other endo-1,4-β-xylanase.
Keywords: Bacillus, bioinformatics analysis, endo-1,4-
Investigating the Characteristics and Evolution of Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) of Plasmodium sp. using Phylogenetic Approach in Searching for Drug Candidate
Authors: Nurdiansyah Rizky , Nathanael Ramanto Kevin , Jessica Priscilla
Published: February 2020

Malaria is an endemic disease caused by Plasmodium parasite with female Anopheles mosquitoes as a vector. With the increase of drug resistance Plasmodium emerging around the world, a new method should be devised against the spread of Plasmodium sp lineage. Protein evolution of  Plasmodium sp. can be an invaluable aid as an  input for rational drug design and immune-informatics methods based on the novel virulent gene that exists in these protozoa. Previously, we did data mining in the PlasmoDB database and found several proteins shared by Plasmodium, one of  them was the Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1). This protein was further analyzed for its characteristics and evolutionary properties. AMA1 protein sequences from human-infecting Plasmodium (P. falciparum, vivax, knowlesi, ovale, and malariae) and non-infectious (P. berghei, coatneyi, and cynomolgi) were retrieved from PlasmoDB. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree with molecular clock analysis was reconstructed from AMA1 sequences using MEGAX. Protein domain analysis was done using the INTERPRO server. Several domains that can induce protective immunity and vaccine target were found in AMA1 of those plasmodium, such as coiled-coil, disordered region, and signal peptide domain. Furthermore, molecular clock analysis showed a similar evolutionary rate between AMA1 protein in human-infecting and non-infectious Plasmodium. Interestingly, the phylogenetic tree showed a mixed cluster of human- infecting with non-infectious, indicating a unique evolutionary relationship between Plasmodium lineage. Thus, this information could be beneficial in developing the drug and vaccine for Plasmodium-related infection.
Keywords: AMA1, drug target, protein domain, protein evolution, Plasmodium.
Metabolite Identification from Biodegradation of Congo Red by Pichia sp.
Authors: Victor Hans , Ganda Vincent , Kiranadi Bambang , Pinontoan Reinhard
Published: February 2020

Azo dyes are commonly used in textile and paper industries. However, its improper disposal often results in polluting water bodies. Azo dyes can cause adverse health effects because of its carcinogenic properties. Various methods to remove azo dyes from water have been proposed, including biological methods such as biosorption and biodegradation. Biosorption and biodegradation were done by using bacteria, yeast or mold. In general, yeasts have some advantages for azo dyes degradation due to its faster growth compared to mold and better resistance against unfavorable environment compared to bacteria. Previously, we observed that yeast Pichia sp. have the ability to degrade Congo red, an azo dye. However, information regarding biodegradation of azo dyes by Pichia sp. are still limited. Therefore, in this study, we showed degradation of Congo red by Pichia sp. crude enzyme extract obtained from separating Pichia cells from medium by centrifugation, followed by identification of its biodegradation products. Biodegradation product was separated from enzyme by ethyl acetate and then Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) method was employed to identify biodegradation product. Chromatogram results of GC-MS showed that Congo red were degraded into various products such as biphenyl, naphthalene and smaller molecules with 94 m/z and 51 m/z. These results suggest involvement of azo reductase and laccase-like enzymes which cleaves azo bonds and oxidize the dye molecules to smaller molecules. This study implies the use of Pichia sp. as a bioremediation agent for the removal of azo dyes.
Keywords: Biodegradation, Congo red, Pichia sp., metabolite identification, GC-MS
The Correlation Between mRNA Hedgehog (Hh) Gene Expression with the Growth of Length of Tissue Regeneration Digit Tip Mice (Mus musculus) Post Amputation
Authors: Novianti Titta , Panji Januarsyah Kustiawan Muhammad , Ivanka Pinkan Manimpurung Blandina , Ichsan Muhammad , Putra Iriyanto Alfero , Dwi Wahyuni Febriana , Jamilah It , Ilyas Syafruddin
Published: February 2020

Mice can regenerate tissue in the third phalanges of digit tip after amputation. The tissue regeneration process involved various cells, molecules, proteins, and genes that were thought to have a role in the process. Hedgehog (Hh) gene was thought to have a role in tissue regeneration, but research in adult tissue regeneration was limited. Hh gene had a role in mitosis and cell morphogenesis during the embryo growth. The expression of this gene continued in the adult cell population. We analyzed the Hh gene expression in tissue regeneration of the third phalange digit tip mice post-amputation until day 25. We used 30 males of mice (Mus musculus var Webster) as an animal model. We observed the histological analysis and Hh gene expression in each growth day. Spearman correlation test results in a strong and significant correlation between the growth length of digit tip mice and mRNA expression of the Hh gene (p <0.005; r= 0.874).
Keywords: Hedgehog, tissue regeneration, digit tip, proliferation,