bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypes of atopic dermatitis up to 36 months of age by latent class analysis and associated factors in Japan
Authors: Arima Takayasu , Shiko Yuki , Kawasaki Yohei , Tomiita Minako , Yamaguchi Kenichi , Suzuki Shuichi , Inoue Yuzaburo , Morita Yoshinori , Kambara Takeshi , Ikezawa Zenro , Kohno Yoichi , Shimojo Naoki
Published: January 2022

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) in early childhood is the first allergic manifestation in the atopic march. Recently, latent class analysis (LCA) has revealed the presence of AD subgroups in childhood.

Objective

This study aimed to elucidate different AD phenotypes up to 36 months of age and identify factors associated with a particular AD phenotype in early childhood.

Methods

Pediatric allergists or dermatologists examined children who visited local public health centers in Chiba or Yokohama city at 4, 18, and 36 months of age for regular health checkups between 2003 and 2005. LCA was used to identify AD subtypes on the basis of the course of skin symptoms and comorbidity of other allergic diseases. After LCA, the association between genetic and environmental factors and AD phenotypes was assessed.

Results

A total of 1,378 children who underwent the 3 checkups were included. Complete data were available for 515 children up to 36 months of age. Of 515 children, 183 were diagnosed with AD at least at one out of the 3 time points. The LCA model of these children with AD separated 4 AD phenotypes: early-persistent (EP), early-transient (ET), late-onset (LO), and variable (V). Antibiotic use by 4 months of age was significantly higher in EP group than in other 3 groups. Mother's allergy was significantly higher in EP and LO groups than in other 2 groups. Passive smoking at 18 months of age was higher in LO group than in other groups. Furthermore, >80% of V group was born in spring-summer.

Conclusion

We identified 4 AD phenotypes using LCA on the basis of the onset/course of AD and comorbidity of other allergic diseases and also identified several factors related to the particular phenotypes, which may be useful markers for the prediction of prognosis of AD in early childhood.
المشكلات غير اللغوي ة في تعليم اللغة العربية بمدرسة الرحمة الابتدائية الإسلامية سورابايا
Authors: Prabowo Sapto
Published: January 2022

AbstrakArtikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang penulis lakukan pada siswa kelas IV MI Islamiyah Ar Rahmah Surabaya. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah pertama, untuk mendiskripsikan kesulitan pembelajaran bahasa Arab yang dihadapi siswa kelas IV MI Islamiyah Ar Rahmah lebih condong kepada permasalahan pembelajaran bahasa arab dari luar zat bahasa itu sendiri. Kedua, untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran usaha-usaha apa sajakah yang telah dilakukan oleh MI Islamiyah Ar Rahmah Surabaya untuk mengatasi hal tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriftif. Datanya diperoleh dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Setelah semua data terkumpul, dilakukan teknik analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan . Dan terakhir untuk menguji kebenaan data penelitian digunakan teknik tringaulasi.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa permasalah non-bahasa yang ada adalah sebagia berikut: a) Pengajar: metode pembelajaran bahasa arab membosankan; b) Siswa: lemahnya minat dan motivasi siswa dalam belajar bahasa Arab; c) lingkungan bahasa: tidak adanya lingkungan berbahasa arab di lingkungan sekolah d). waktu pembelajar: sedikitnya waktu pembelajaran bahasa arab. Solusi dari permasalah tersebut di atas adalah: 1) membuat lembar penilaian sikap dalam pembelajaran bahasa arab, 2) menghadirkan motivator psikologi anak dalam rapat komite, 3) membuat variasi metode dalam mengajar, 4) pemberian reward bagi yang pelajaran bahasa berhasil dalam menjawab soal, 5) keharusan pembuatan RPP bagi guru, 6) pengajuan penetapan bahasa sebagai pelajaran utama, 7) pemberian contoh berbahasa arab dilingkungan sekolah, 8) pengajuan proposal dana pembangunan kelas untuk TK.Kata Kunci : Problematika, Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, Non Linguistik
Konsep Pendidikan Berdasarkan Keteladanan Kepada Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu ‘Alaihi Wa Sallam Perspektif Syaikh Muhammad Bin Abdul Wahhab
Authors: Haris Ainul
Published: January 2022

This study examines the concept of education in the perspective of Muhammad Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb which is based on his exemplary to the Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam. The da'wah of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb raises the pros and cons among Muslims. The issue of education and exemplary is kind a fundamental things in Islam, because for a Muslim the Prophet Muhammad Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam is the first figure to be followed by his words, carried out his orders and decisions and his behavior imitated or emulated. This research answers how the concept of education according to Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhāb which is taken from the figure of the Prophet Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam. The type of research that the writer uses is library research which specifically examines a problem to obtain data in the writing of this study. Sources of data in this study were obtained from primary data and secondary data. The primary sources in this  writing are the original works or writings of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhāb. The secondary sources in this study are educational books, journals of morality aqidah in Islam that are relevant to the research discussion. The approach used in this research is historical-philosophical. The data obtained were then analyzed by content analysis (content analysis).This research resulted in understanding the concept of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhāb about education that is in accordance with the salaf manhaj, namely ittiba '(imitating) the Prophet and based on al-Qur'ān and Hadith. This study also explains that Shaykh Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhāb carries out and teaches the concept of education in accordance with the teachings of the Prophet Shallallahu 'alaihi wa Sallam. The method of delivering da'wah, thoughts and examples of behavior of Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhāb is based on exemplary education to the Prophet with all its purity without subtracting or any addition out from it, as well as staying away from all prohibitions in the form of bid'ah, khurafat and things that deviate from Islamic teachings.
Dinamika dan Sejarah Pemikiran Salafi
Authors: Fahamsyah Fadlan
Published: January 2022

السلفية هي اسم ملنهٍج يدعو إىل الكتاب والسنة على فهم سلف األمة، واألخذبنهج النيب حممد صلى هللا عليه وسلم، وصحابته ، والتابعني، والتمسك مبا نقل عن السلف .و ترجع نشأة املنهج السلفي من جديد إىل مخس شخصيات: الشخصية األوىل هو اإلمام أمحد بن حنبل الذي تعرض الختبار يف عصر املأمون واملعتصم العباسيني، إابن إاثرة ما عرف بفتنة خلق القرآن حىت جند أن اللقب الذي اشتهر به ابن حنبل هوإمام أهل السنة . و الشخصية الثانية: ابن تيمية رف بـُالذي ع شيخ اإلسالم واشتهر برفضه ملظاهر البدع واملخالفات املذهبية ً آراء ومعتقداتاالعتقادية املنتشرة يف عصره خصوصا الشيعة اإلمامية اليت تصدى للرد عليها يف كتابه منهاج السنة النبوية يف الرد على الشيعة القدرية .الشخصية الثالثة هو حممد بن عبد الوهاب وهو .وقد اكتسب ابن عبد الوهاب مكانته يف ً العقل السلفي ابعتبارهً جمدداإماما حارب أشكال الزندقة والبدع اليت انتشرت يف جزيرة العرب يف عصره. والشخصية الرابعة: حممد ر شيد رضا هو الذي قام إبحياء تراث اإلمام حممد بن عبد الوهاب وقام ابلدفاع عنه وعن الدعوة السلفية. والشخصية اخلامسة: حممد انصر الدين األلباين وهو الذي قام ابلتصفية و الرتبية وقد اشتهر مبحدث هذا العصر.
INEQUALITY PROFILES BASED ON GINI COEFFICIENT DECOMPOSITION WITH HIDDEN HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Authors: Ниворожкина Л.И. , Арженовский С.В. , Трегубова А.А.
Published: January 2022

В работе на основе данных Российского мониторинга экономического положения и здоровья населения НИУ ВШЭ (RLMS-HSE) построены профили неравенства по типу поселения, где проживает домохозяйство, социально-демографической структуре, числу детей и числу работающих членов домохозяйства. Выявлены подгруппы домохозяйств, которые изменяют относительные вклады в неравенство, при учете скрытых доходов.

The article presents constructed inequality profiles, based on the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) dataset, by the type of household settlement, socio-demographic structure, the number of children and the number of employed household members. The subgroups of households that change the relative contri-butions to inequality, taking into account hidden income, are identified.
Effect of dietary plants on the production of immunoglobulins A in healthy Wistar rats
Authors: Ruzon-Camargo Flávia Imanishi , Fernandes Eduardo Vignoto , Bocchi Mayara , Oliveira David Michel de , Venancio Emerson José , Castro Gómez Raul Jorge Hernan
Published: January 2022

Introduction: some plants such as turmeric, cinnamon, and okra are known to have therapeutic functions such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, an immunomodulatory role has been observed in the production of antibodies, in particular immunoglobulin A (IgA), which mediates a variety of protective functions for the organism. Objective: the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary plants on the production of IgA in healthy Wistar rats. Methods: thus, 48 male Wistar rats of 90 days of age were allocated to four groups. The animals were treated for 14 days with dried turmeric, cinnamon, or okra (50, 50, 12.5 mg/day, respectively) in phosphate buffered saline, or with only phosphate buffered saline by gavage. The animals received water and feed ad libitum. Body mass and relative weight ofperitoneal fat, adrenal gland, kidney, spleen, liver and thymus, biochemical parameters, and IgA levels were analyzed.Results: no significant changes were observed in the body mass, relative weight of organs and tissues, and biochemical parameters. An increase in serum IgA levels was observed in animals treated with turmeric or cinnamon.Conclusion: we conclude that the treatment with turmeric and cinnamon increased IgA production. Therefore, our study supports the idea that dietary supplementation with these plants may improve humoral immunity.
Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde: o que mudou na legislação?
Authors: Carneiro Lucas Eduardo , Santos Giovana Alves , Nogueira Danielly Negrão Guassú
Published: January 2022

Introdução: os Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS) têm sido uma fonte de preocupação para os gestores hospitalares, pois necessitam atender às exigências legais; nos últimos anos houve mudanças no Brasil com a publicação da atual Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) 222/18, que normatiza o gerenciamento interno dos resíduos. Objetivo: comparar a RDC 306/04 com a RDC 222/18 quanto ao gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde, bem como apresentar as implicações da legislação em vigência. Material e Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa do tipo documental; para tal, criou-se um roteiro de análises baseado nas etapas de gerenciamento dos RSS; os resultados foram apresentados em tabelas por grupos (A, B, C, D e E) que foram as categorias documentais para a comparação da legislação RDC 306/04 com a RDC 222/18. Resultados: observou-se importantes mudanças na lei atual, com impacto para os gestores e profissionais que atuam em hospitais, como o descarte de bolsas de sangue e peças anatômicas caracterizadas como A1, liberação de descarte de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) como resíduos do Grupo D comum, seringas e agulhas podem ser desconectadas quando tiverem o dispositivo de segurança, novos critérios para descarte de oito grupos de medicamentos, entre outras. Discussão: as mudanças citadas necessitam ser incorporadas nos planos de gerenciamento, planejamento de novos fluxos de segregação de resíduos e aquisição de novos coletores que em médio prazo podem contribuir na redução de custo financeiro, e diminuição dos impactos ambientais desses resíduos quando descartados de forma segura. Conclusão: ao comparar as duas legislações, o presente estudo contribui para direcionar as adequações necessárias, a fim de atender a atual legislação, com informações diretas para orientar novos critérios de classificação, acondicionamento, tratamento e destinação final para o gerenciamento seguro dos resíduos nos serviços de saúde.
Anestesia total intravenosa para tratamento endodôntico em Panthera leo: relato de caso
Authors: Trebien Larissa Colli , Freitag Flávio Augusto Vieira , Nishimori Celina Tie Duque , Bonat Marcelo , Vilani Ricardo Guilherme D' Otaviano de Castro
Published: January 2022

Animais presentes em zoológicos frequentemente necessitam de captura e anestesia para a realização de procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos. A anestesia total intravenosa apresenta vantagens como redução do estresse cirúrgico e menor depressão cardiovascular e respiratória, entretanto, ainda são escassas as pesquisas dedicadas dentro deste contexto. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste relato foi avaliar o protocolo anestésico empregado, visando um procedimento seguro e passível de reversão para a espécie silvestre selecionada. Acompanhou-se a anestesia de um leão (Panthera leo), macho, adulto, proveniente do Zoológico Municipal de Curitiba, submetido a procedimento endodôntico. A medicação pré-anestésica constituiu-se de dexmedetomidina (6µg/kg), metadona (0,2mg/kg), midazolam (0,1mg/kg) e tiletamina-zolazepam (1,2mg/kg). A indução foi realizada com propofol (1mg/kg) e o animal foi intubado. Visando promover analgesia local, fora realizado bloqueio infraorbitário esquerdo com 5mL de lidocaína a 2%. A manutenção foi realizada por meio do fornecimento de propofol (0,02-0,1mg/kg/h), dexmedetomidina (0,5mg/kg/h) e remifentanil (5mg/kg/h). Pôde-se concluir que o protocolo realizado se mostrou tanto eficaz quanto seguro para a referida espécie encaminhada ao procedimento em questão.
Consumo de anticoncepcionais e fatores associados entre estudantes universitários
Authors: Souza Gabriel Silvério de , Zanfrilli Camila Cristina Lunardelli , Martins Cecília Valério , Cleto Pedro Eduardo Horácio , Guidoni Camilo Molino , Girotto Edmarlon
Published: January 2022

Introdução: o uso de anticoncepcionais vem crescendo a cada ano, sendo um dos principais motivos para a redução das taxas de fecundidade total, inclusive na população mais jovem, como a universitária. Objetivo: identificar o consumo de anticoncepcionais hormonais e fatores associados entre estudantes universitárias. Métodos: a população de estudo foi composta por estudantes universitárias matriculadas nos cursos de graduação da Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), em Londrina, estado do Paraná, Brasil, no ano de 2019, integrantes do projeto maior denominado GraduaUEL. As estudantes responderam um instrumento construído em uma plataforma digital on-line. A variável dependente foi o consumo de contraceptivos hormonais, e as variáveis independentes foram aspectos sociodemográficos e hábitos de vida e de saúde. As associações medidas foram verificadas por meio de Regressão de Poisson, com cálculo da Razão de Prevalência (RP) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: das 2.221 estudantes avaliadas, identificou-se o consumo de contraceptivos por 13,0%, maior entre mulheres brancas/amarelas, que relataram serem heterossexuais, que apresentavam pais com maior escolaridade, que referiram possuir plano privado de saúde e companheiro, e que praticavam atividade física pelo menos duas vezes na semana. Entretanto, apenas o fato de serem heterossexuais mostrou-se associação significativa após a análise ajustada (RP: 1,865; IC 95%: 1,308-2,659). Conclusões: diante do exposto, fica clara a necessidade de preparar os profissionais de saúde sobre os contraceptivos e seus efeitos adversos; ainda, que questões sociais devem ser consideradas no processo de uso dos contraceptivos, para combater a discriminação e as desigualdades social e econômica quanto ao acesso e uso destes medicamentos.
Avaliação do internato médico rural em Medicina de Família e Comunidade da Universidade de Caxias do Sul: reflexões para a educação médica e políticas de saúde
Authors: Targa Leonardo Vieira , Camargo Tatiana Souza de
Published: January 2022

A educação médica passou por transformações constantes ao longo da História e no Brasil assume características específicas. Recentemente, entre outros aspectos, têm-se debatido sobre a importância da variedade de cenários de ensino e de uma abordagem integral e generalista para o desenho de um perfil de egresso mais próximo às necessidades de saúde da população. Este estudo apresenta uma avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa da experiência de acadêmicos de Medicina, professores e profissionais de saúde envolvidos no internato médico rural em Medicina de Família e Comunidade da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Perfis dos participantes, motivadores de estágio, influências sobre opções de trabalho futuro, impacto nas equipes de saúde e aspectos positivos e negativos da experiência são apresentados e discutidos à luz da literatura internacional no tema. O internato rural aparece como uma experiência positiva na formação médica, com potencial agregador qualitativo para os envolvidos e influência na opção futura de trabalho, ajudando a reduzir a defasagem de recursos humanos em áreas rurais. O diálogo entre as comunidades, equipes de saúde, universidade e gestores locais é essencial para a superação dos desafios cotidianos e para a manutenção das atividades, assim como o suporte institucional aos alunos e qualificação do corpo docente. Sugestões de futuras linhas de pesquisa na área são apresentadas.
Automedicação em usuários da Atenção Primária à Saúde: motivadores e fatores associados
Authors: Ramires Rafael Openkowski , Lindemann Ivana Loraine , Acrani Gustavo Olszanski , Glusczak Lissandra
Published: January 2022

Introdução: a automedicação pode aliviar sintomas e doenças agudas por um menor custo. Entretanto, esse consumo de medicamentos por conta própria e sem orientação adequada pode acarretar prejuízos como terapêuticas inadequadas, intoxicações e dependência. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência, os motivadores e os fatores associados à automedicação em adultos e idosos atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Métodos: estudo transversal realizado de maio a agosto de 2019. A estatística compreendeu o cálculo da prevalência de automedicação, com período recordatório de 30 dias e seu intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Para verificação dos fatores ajustados, foram calculadas as Razões de Prevalência (RP), brutas e ajustadas. Resultados: a amostra foi de 1.365 usuários, com prevalência do desfecho de 55% (IC 95%: 53-58), sendo esta maior em mulheres (RP=1,33; IC 95%: 1,17-1,52), adultos (RP=1,27; IC 95%: 1,14-1,41) e naqueles com 12 anos ou mais de estudo (RP=1,22; IC 95%: 1,09-1,37). Os principais motivadores foram dor (89%), gripe, resfriado e dor de garganta (18,9%) e febre (6,9%). Conclusão: verificou-se prevalência importante de automedicação, especialmente em mulheres, jovens e com maior escolaridade. Considerando os riscos, destaca-se a necessidade de políticas públicas para prevenir o uso indiscriminado de medicamentos.
Peran Manajemen Kepemimpinan dalam Pengelolaan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Supriani Yuli , Tanjung Rahman , Mayasari Annisa , Arifudin Opan
Published: January 2022

Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang kajian terhadap peran manajemen kepemimpinan dalam pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan islam. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini menggunakan metode atau pendekatan kepustakaan (library research), bahwa studi pustaka atau kepustakaan dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan metode pengumpulan data pustaka, membaca dan mencatat serta mengolah bahan penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemimpin pada hakikatnya adalah seorang yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk memepengaruhi perilaku orang lain di dalam kerjanya dengan menggunakan kekuasaan, dalam kegiatannya bahwa pemimpin memiliki kekuasaan untuk mengerahkan dan mempengaruhi bawahannya sehubungan dengan tugas-tugas yang harus dilaksanakan. Manajemen kepemimpinan atau leader lembaga pendidikan Islam adalah harus mempunyai jiwa kepemimpinan yang baik sehingga tercermin suasana yang baik, dalam pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan Islam. Baik tidaknya satu lembaga pendidikan sangat bergantung pada manajemen tipe kepemimpinan sebagai pemimpin tertinggi dalam suatu lembaga, dalam manajemen kepemimpin harus mempunyai suatu komponen yang tepat dalam mengelola sehingga menghasilkan suatu kinerja yang tepat dan bijaksana.
İntraoral Tarayıcı ve Cad / Cam Sistemlerinin Çocuk Diş Hekimliğinde Kullanım Alanları
Authors: AKARÇAY Çağla , ULU GÜZEL Kadriye
Published: January 2022

İntraoral tarayıcılar (İOS), ağız içi yapıların dijital görüntüsünün hızlı ve doğru bir şekilde kaydedilmesini sağlayan cihazlardır. İntraoral tarayıcılarla birlikte bilgisayar destekli tasarım/bilgisayar destekli üretim (CAD/CAM) sistemleri kullanılarak hem süt hem daimî dişlerde minimal invaziv, hızlı ve etkili restorasyonlar gerçekleştirilmektedir. CAD/CAM sistemleri sadece diş restorasyonlarında değil cerrahi işlemlerde, travma durumunda splintleme işlemlerinde, yer tutucular da dahil olmak üzere çocuk hastaların her türlü tedavi prosedüründe kullanıldığı gösterilmektedir. İntraoral tarayıcı ve CAD/CAM kullanımı estetik ve konforu yükselterek hastanın tedavi adımlarını görsel bir şekilde izlemesini sağlar, çocuğun tedaviye uyumunu arttırabilir. Bu derlemede intraoral tarayıcı ve CAD/CAM sistemlerinin çocuk hastalarda kullanımından bahsedilmektedir.
Navigating International, Interdisciplinary, and Indigenous Collaborative Inquiry
Authors: Ulturgasheva Olga , Wexler Lisa , Kral Michael , Allen James , Mohatt Gerald , Nystad Kristine
Published: January 2022

This report describes how multiple community constituents came together with university researchers to develop a shared agenda for studying young indigenous people in five international circumpolar communities. The paper focuses on the setup and process of an initial face-to-face methodological planning workshop involving youth and adult community members and academics. Members of Yup’ik, Inupiat, Eveny, Inuit, and Sámi communities from Siberia to Norway participated in the workshop and engaged in negotiations to arrive at shared research interests. This was essential since the ultimate goal of the research is translational and transformative, spurring social action in communities. Describing the beginning stage of this project and the underlying participatory methodology offers insight into how the approach engaged community members with varying degrees of sustained interest and practical success. It, therefore, articulates a methodological approach for international community-based participatory research.
Building a Holistic International Educational Partnership: Collaboration Between The University of Georgia and the Tunisian Higher Education System
Authors: Hamrita Takoi
Published: January 2022

This article reports on a capacity building partnership between The University of Georgia and the higher education system of Tunisia that has been ongoing since 2002. The article discusses important aspects of the program, highlights the conceptual framework and underlying principles that have guided and shaped its design, and gives a comprehensive overview of its overall objectives, concrete actions, and outcomes. Our team’s response to Tunisia’s most urgent development needs; integrating institutional and national resources; building networks of decision makers, administrators, faculty, and students across disciplinary and institutional boundaries; and facilitating the development of indigenous expertise were among the attributes leading to the program’s selection for the Andrew Heiskel Award for Innovation in International Education.
Words matter
Authors: Barbour Ginny
Published: January 2022

If anyone thought that 2022 was going to be a time of peace and harmony in open access, some of the last salvos of 2021 will surely have put that to rest.
Riset Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif Penghindaran Pajak: Metode Apa Yang Tepat Untuk Indonesia
Authors: Irawan Ferry
Published: January 2022

Research on tax avoidance has been widely carried out in the last few decades, including in Indonesia. Quantitative research based on secondary data is quite a lot done to determine the determinants of tax avoidance. Meanwhile, only few qualitative research has been done, and generally looks at the possibility of tax avoidance based on the weaknesses that exist in the tax provisions. This study aims to see the right research to be applied in Indonesia. By using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, the author obtains several important findings. First, each research method has advantages and disadvantages. Second, the availability of data for quantitative research with secondary data is very limited. Finally, quantitative and qualitative research are complementary to be applied, especially by the tax authorities.
Riset penghindaran pajak telah banyak dilakukan dalam beberapa dekade terakhir termasuk di Indonesia. Penelitian kuantitatif berbasis data sekunder cukup banyak dilakukan untuk mengetahui determinan penghindaran pajak. Sementara itu, penelitian kualitatif tidak terlalu banyak dilakukan, dan pada umumnya melihat kemungkinan penghindaran pajak berdasarkan kelemahan yang ada pada ketentuan perpajakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat riset yang tepat untuk diaplikasikan di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur, penulis mendapatkan beberapa temuan penting. Pertama, setiap metode riset memiliki kelebihan dan kelemahan. Kedua, ketersediaan data untuk riset kuantatitif dengan data sekunder sangat terbatas. Terakhir, riset-riset kuantitatif dan kualitatif bersifat komplementer untuk dapat diaplikasikan khususnya oleh otoritas pajak.
The Performance Evaluation of Ventilated Windows in the Simultaneous Improvement of Energy Efficiency and Indoor Air Quality in Office Buildings: A Case Study
Authors: Khalvati Farid , Omidvar Amir
Published: January 2022

Energy efficiency and indoor air quality (IAQ) are two crucial required features in a building. Simultaneous improvement of energy efficiency and IAQ in a building can pave the way for obtaining a green building certification. This paper examined the performance of the airflow windows’ supply and exhaust operating modes in energy-saving and providing IAQ criteria. The analytical zonal model coupled with the airflow network model was used to evaluate the system’s thermal performance and the induced airflow. The simulation was done for an office building located in Shiraz, Iran. The results showed that the energy performance of ventilated windows is positive in nine months of the year. Compared to a conventional double-glazed window, the maximum energy savings is about 10%, which occurs in August. It is predicted that using ventilated windows in office buildings in Shiraz can improve the window’s thermal performance by an average of about 5%. The results also showed that ventilated windows could provide the fresh air needed for the building in 250 days of the year to achieve the desired IAQ index (based on ASHRAE 62.1 standard). Furthermore, the effects of glass aspect ratio, airflow channel thickness, and the size of inlet/outlet openings on energy efficiency and IAQ of the suggested window were studied. Results indicated that in the climatic conditions of Shiraz, the exhaust operating mode is much more efficient than the supply mode.
Analysis of Hamlet through the ideas of Sigmund Freud
Authors: Sultan Huda
Published: January 2022

Hamlet is a famous Elizabethan tragedy by the well-known dramatist William Shakespeare. Instead of being a tragedy it also deals with the other aspects. It does not only talk about historical background, tragic elements or about its plot and theme but it is the play about the inner conflicts, the inner conflicts of a character. Hamlet is the tragedy about the psychological approach. The present paper deals with the analysis of Hamlet through the ideas of Sigmund Freud or with the help of psychological approach. Psychological approach also known as the psychoanalytic theory or criticism. This approach is very interesting to analyse the psychology and the mind of the character. This approach has a broad scope in the field of the medical as well as in the literature. Literature is considered as a work of human creation so in this sense literature and psychology are interconnected with each other. Freudian exploration of the unconscious altered the interpretation of Hamlet by Shakespeare. This paper is an attempt to critically analyse Hamlet by using this approach. Literature and psychology are interrelated because they play an essential role in our day to day life. Both of them deals with the problems of human life as an individual and also a social being. Hamlet is considered as the psychological play. The basic reason is that it deals with the mind of the protagonist as the critical force in this play. This paper also shows that Hamlet is one of the most complicated character in the history of English literature. The tangled nature of Hamlet’s unconsciousness, his oedipal complex, his hesitation, and his madness.
Pati, Patni aur Woh
Authors: Singh Animesh , Gupta Sukriti
Published: January 2022

This paper identifies a peculiar observation that top Google search queries about any famous personality nearly always include a query related to their spouse. The paper uses data (from Google Trends) to highlight findings about this phenomenon Worldwide, and specifically in India. The paper then analyses why people search for these terms using various theoretical frameworks. The paper concludes that the principle of Literary Darwinism, coupled with the theory of role models and anti-role models holds, and leads us to search for people’s partners for an illusion of intimacy.
The Rejection of Zoomorphic Elements as One of the Important Characteristics of the Borre Style Development in the Applied Art of Old Russia (by wooden finds from Novgorod the Great)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design, Tochilova Nadezhda
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the development of Borre style outside of Scandinavian countries. The Borre ring-chain and gripping beasts were the most widespread elements of Scandinavian territories, whilst ribbon plates and scale ornament were popular outside of it. This process is more characteristic for the Baltic area and on the British Isles. Another region of this art dissemination was the territory of northwest Rus’. The article focuses on the analysis of carved wooden objects from the archaeological collection from Novgorod the Great. This makes it possible to present the development of Borre style in the art of the Ancient Rus’. The result is an analysis and attribution of decoration, which allows to attribute some motives to the category of images created under the influence of the Viking Age art and to trace the development and preservation of artistic traditions from the 10th to 13th centuries.
Zoomorphic Elements in Ceramics of the Samosdelsky Settlement
Authors:   N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Zilivinskaya Emma , Vasiliev Dmitry ,   Astrakhan State University, Boldyreva Ekaterina ,   State Historical Museum, Moscow
Published: January 2022

Samosdelskoe settlement, located in the lower reaches of the Volga, arose in the Khazar times and existed continuously until the Golden Horde era. Excavations yielded the richest ceramic material. A representative group of ceramics with zoomorphic moldings in the form of ram horns, “eyes”, “ears”, “muzzles” of various animals, as well as handles in the form of figurines of horses and rooster heads stands out. An expressive hand-made lid, which depicts two pairs of fantastic animals arranged in a circle. A ceramic rhyton is a unique find. Drawings of birds, fish and hares are found on glazed ceramics. An analysis of all images indicates a close connection of the settlement with Central Asia, the North Caucasus, Transcaucasia, Volga Bulgaria and the Don region of Khazaria.
“Elite” Children’s Burial of Turkic Khaganates Period from the Northern Altai
Authors:   Altai State University, Seregin Nikolai , Stepanova Nadezhda ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of excavation and different aspects of interpretation of the “elite” children’s burial, investigated at the Gorny-10 necropolis. This site, located in the northern foothills of Altai, is today the largest burial ground of the era of the Turkic Khaganates in the south of Western Siberia. The published complex is an undisturbed burial of a child of 6—7 years old with extraordinary grave goods, including horse equipment, jewelry, costume elements, as well as Chinese coins, rare for this territory. Analysis of the common and special characteristics of ritual practice and goods, recorded during the excavation of grave 48, made it possible to establish the dating of the object within the framework of the end of the 6th—7th centuries AD. There are grounds to conclude about the high status of the child’s family in the early medieval society. In addition, identification of items, presumably associated with amulets, testifies to the presence of some specific ideology among the population that left the necropolis. Further study of materials from the excavations of the Gorny-10 burial ground and other synchronous complexes will allow us to consider at a new level the history of the population of the periphery of the nomadic empires of Central Asia in the first centuries of the Middle Ages.
Political and Governmental Activities of Dmitry Kantemir in Russia
Authors:   Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European integration, Tsvirkun Victor
Published: January 2022

This publication, based on documentary materials found in the funds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, as well as on documents extracted from published sources, presents the governmental and political activities of D. Kantemir in Russia during 1712—1723. Particular attention is paid to his participation in the legislative activities of the Governing Senate and the implementation of the ideas of Peter I on the country’s internal and foreign policy.
The Limits of Constructivism: a Comment to the “Slavs in the Making” of F. Curta
Authors:   Institute of Cultural Heritage of Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Romanchuk Aleksey
Published: January 2022

The article critically considers the renewed version of F. Curta’s “Making of Slavs” hypothesis. The author tried to demonstrate that the theoretical grounds of the discussed hypothesis and its argumentation cause serious objections. F. Curta’s hypothesis still does not appear more convincing, even in its new version. However, his text is read with interest and also awakens the thought and imagination of the readers.
Natural Disasters of 1120s and the Population Movement in the Western Novgorod Land
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Sobolev Vladislav
Published: January 2022

The change in the burial rite and introduction of new funerary practices are explained by Christianization of the populace and appearance of a Christian community. In studies of the emergence of medieval Rus’ burial rite, a feature is discriminated with regard to continuation of the tradition of raising burial mounds. The earliest phase of the formation of the medieval mortuary rites still remains poorly studied since there are practically no reliably dated sites before the mid-11th century. After this date, we find inhumations across the Novgorod Land documenting different variations in the rite but which nevertheless keep within the frame of the Christian norms. As the main rules on the rite of interment set by the Church were complied with, some details of the mortuary practice not regulated by the Orthodox canonic law continued to evolve, drawing on the pre-Christian tradition. Of these, raising of burial mounds was the most prominent. Differences in the method of construction of the burial mounds indicate a partial change in the population which took place in the western area of the Novgorod Land in the second half of the 12th century. Throughout the 13 th century, across this region, the funerary rite becomes much more uniform. Everywhere the kurgan-zhalnik and flat zhalnik cemeteries become widespread. The emergence of a new form of burials may be associated with migration of the population. The reason for the migration, in my opinion, could be the famine that happened in the Novgorod land in the late 1120s.
“…To Postpone the Campaign until Winter”: the impact of natural factors on military actions of the 14th—15th centuries on the Pskov borderlands
Authors:   Archaeological Centre of Pskov, Salmin Sergey , Salmina Elena ,   Pskov State University
Published: January 2022

The Pskov state, limited to its natural borders, seems to be a good object for the research of the influence of natural and geographical factors on military and political history. Thus, the military actions of 1323—1480 are explored to consider the influence that these factors had on the causes, course and results of the wars waged by Pskov. The inequality in natural resources in the border areas and the struggle for their redistribution determined the main directions of military expansion, forms of invasions and their seasonal dating. The rugged landscape characteristic for the western part of Pskov land and the dependence of the state of the Pskov-Peipus reservoir complicated the choice of the season for military operations. The incursions of small detachments, timed to the periods of economic activity (May-June, August) which were more diversionary than predatory in character, customarily prevailed. The February-March incursions into the fishing zones were usually carried out by larger forces and were aimed at capturing the product of fishery. The military clashes between Pskov and Veliky Novgorod and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, as well as the full-scale wars with Livonia, were mainly political, which was reflected in the active actions of the parties against the fortified settlements. In these cases, the necessity of large military contingents and siege equipment moving determined the choice of a season with the most predictable weather conditions.
In the Footsteps of the Descendants of the Heavenly Mother: from Myth to the Semantics of the Sacral Landscape
Authors:   State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve “Bozoq, Suraganova Zubaida , Khabdulina Maral
Published: January 2022

The article contains a cultural research and is reconstructive by nature. It offers the author’s interpretation of the sanctuary of the early Turkic era (7th—9th centuries), which is part of the archaeological site, the Bozok Medieval Settlement. The Bozok settlement is located on the territory of Kazakhstan’s capital city of Nur-Sultan, on the shores of the Buzykty Lake. The sanctuary is the key asset of the site, which was later on surrounded by the residential and industrial structures of the Bozok settlement (10th—13th centuries) and then, the elite necropolis of the 14th—16th centuries. The author’s interpretation of the sanctuary is centered around the factors of choosing the lake landscape, caused by the cosmological concept of water purity and the connection between the water and the feminine principle. Water as a source of life, resonates with the nature of motherhood, with the image of a swan and refers us to the cult of Umai, the Great Mother Goddess of ancient Turks, the patroness saint of warriors. The name of the BuzyktyLake also has a profound sacred meaning in the Turkic culture. The etymological study of the toponym “Buzykty” reveals its historical depth known from the ancient Turkic era and the complex semantics of meaning that traces its origin to the mythological characters of the Oguz Kagan and the Heavenly Maiden Umai. The uniqueness of the site (planigraphy, human sacrifice), its geocultural landscape, along with the analysis of the limnonym and the swan mythologeme, make it possible to create a hypothetical model of the rituals, which can explain the sanctuary as a site for secret warriors’ rites.
Gembala Sidang Pemimpin Rohani Keluarga Dan Jemaat Menurut 1 Petrus 5:2
Authors: Utomo Karyo -
Published: January 2022

AbstractLife of the Pastor as a Spiritual Leader of the Family and the Church, based on the letter of I Peter 5: 2; who will explain the basic vocation to be a pastor with his main task as the spiritual leader of the family and the church.This research to highlight the spiritual life of the pastor, spiritual leadership in the family and church. This study uses a literature study approach with descriptive presentation, as well as field observations; that a pastor has the main calling and duty as a spiritual leader in the family and the church. Thus, it is concluded that before leading the spiritual life of the congregation, a pastor must be able to lead the spiritual life of the family. Keywords: Pastor; Family Spiritual Leaders; Church Spiritual Leaders. AbstrakKehidupan Gembala Sidang Sebagai Pemimpin Rohani Keluarga Dan Jemaat, berdasarkan surat I Petrus 5:2; yang akan menjelaskan mengenai dasar panggilan menjadi seorang gembala sidang dengan tugas utamanya sebagai pemimpin rohani keluarga dan jemaat.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetengahkan kehidupan rohani gembala sidang, kepemimpinan rohani dalam keluarga dan jemaat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dengan penyajian deskriptif, serta observasi lapangan; bahwa seorang gembala sidang memiliki panggilan dan tugas utama sebagai pemimpin rohani dalam keluarga dan jemaat.  Dengan demikian, disimpulkan bahwa seorang gembala sidang sebelum memimpin kehidupan rohani jemaat harus mampu memimpin kehidupan rohani keluaraga. Kata kunci: Gembala Sidang; Pemimpin Rohani Keluarga; Pemimpin Rohani Jemaat
Orang Kristen dalam Sinergi Penginjilan Digital di Era Disrupsi
Authors: Lumantow Anatje Ivone Sherly , Agung Wulan
Published: January 2022

Sesuai dengan karakteristik era disrupsi yang telah  merombak  tata kelola hidup manusia, penginjilan pun disyaratkan untuk ikut teradaptasi karenanya. Disrupsi penginjilan diawali dengan perubahan paradigma fundamental mengenai maknanya. Penginjilan era digital buka melulu perubahan pada metode penyelenggaraan yang melibatkan teknologi digital, namun lebih kepada totalitas penyelenggaraan yang didasarkan pada makna sesuai kebenaran Alkitab. Penelitian diselenggarakan melalui metode kualitatif  dikarenakan dilakukan eksplorasi mendalam tentang makna penginjilan. Teknik studi kepustakaan menjadi pilihan dan penelusuran teks-teks Alkitab sebagai landasan pijak menyusun argumen dan simpulan penelitian. Tujuan riset mendalami makna hakiki penginjilan dan memberikan pemahaman baru mengenainya. Riset juga memberikan gambaran praktis bagaimana menyelenggarakan penginjilan yang benar sesuai zaman digital ini. Simpulan riset menyatakan bahwa penginjilan digital memerlukan transformasi penyelenggaraan yang melibatkan ikatan sinergitas yaitu: Pertama,  sinergi instrumental. Sinergi ini merupakan paduan dari dunia digital dan dunia nyata sebagai instrumen terselenggaranya penginjilan. Kedua, sinergi personal. Sinergitas yang dimaksudkan adalah paduan kekuatan atau sinergi aspek intelektual, emosional dan aksional dalam diri orang percaya sebagai penginjil.  Dengan memanfaatkan paduan kekuatan tersebut seorang individu dapat mengoptimalkan penginjilan. Sinergi personal mendeskripsikan tentang keutuhan dan totalitas individu dalam melakukan penginjilan. Ketiga, sinergi relasional. Relasional berbicara mengenai hubungan yang terjalin kuat dan sehat antara semua umat percaya: gereja, keluarga, lembaga pendidikan, dan individu. Media digital memungkinkan sinergi tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Kerjasama gereja, lembaga pendidikan, keluarga dan seluruh umat Tuhan dalam penginjilan digital sangat dibutuhkan  agar khalayak sungguh-sungguh mendapatkan kebenaran firman Tuhan yang benar, tidak ada perdebatan, konflik dan tindakan saling menyalahkan yang pada ujungnya menjadi batu sandungan dalam penginjilan. Keempat, sinergi sosial. Penginjilan perlu memperhatikan kehidupan sosial masyarakat. Penginjilan memuat tanggungjawab secara sosial sehingga tidak akan berhasil tanpa tindakan nyata kepada sesama. Tindakan kasih dapat dimanifestasikan dalam bentuk dukungan langsung:  pertolongan, semangat, pendampingan, penyediaan diri, pengorbanan dan pelbagai tindakan kasih lainnya.
WHAT ARE THE AFFECTING FACTORS ON ENVIRONMENTAL DISCLOSURE ON THE COMPANIES?
Authors: Mujiani Sari , Wilestari Median , Astuti Aprilia Diah
Published: January 2022

The aim of this study is to determine affecting factors on Corporate Environmental Disclosure on Go Public companies listed in PROPER from 2015 to 2019. Companies with gold and green ranking and listed in PROPER are included the population in this study. This phrase could be omitted, samples were taken using a purposive sampling method with specific parameters. The findings of this research show that: (1) The size of the Audit Committee has a positive impact on the occurrence of corporate environmental disclosure. This is because if the number of audit committees within an organization exceeds the number of requirements set, it will lead to increased supervision and company controls to ensure that the expected environmental disclosures are made. (2) Managerial ownership has a negative impact on the occurrence of corporate environmental disclosure, indicating that the size of a company's managerial share ownership has little bearing on the company's environmental disclosures. (3) The incidence of corporate environmental disclosure is unaffected by environmental results. This explains why environmental success has had little effect on companies that are featured prominently in the PROPER ranking, allowing the public to better recognize and support the company's efforts.
ANALISIS PENGARUH AKTIVITAS, LIKUIDITAS DAN SOLVABILITAS TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN KONSTRUKSI DAN BANGUNAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Hendayana Yayan , Anjarini Dianita
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of Activity (Working Capital Turnover / WCT), Liquidity (Current Ratio / CR), and Solvency (Debt to Asset Ratio / DAR) on profitability (Return On Asset / ROA). Determination of the sample using purposive sampling technique based on predetermined criteria obtained as many as 13 companies with a research period of 5 years (2015-2019). The test method uses panel data regression analysis with Eviews version 9. Based on the results it is known that WCT has a positive and insignificant effect on ROA, CR has a significant positive effect on ROA, and DAR has a negative and insignificant effect on ROA of construction and building companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for 2015-2019 period.
ANALISIS STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN BISNIS UMKM WARTEG SEKITAR KAMPUS IBI KOSGORO 1957 JAKARTA
Authors: Andriyanty Reny
Published: January 2022

Warteg is a food business based on rice and side dishes, which is Indonesia typish. The purpose of this research is to be able to formulate the spesific business strategy for the development of the warteg business around the IBI Kosgoro Campus 1957, South Jakarta. The research method is descriptive qualitative with data analysis methods applying SWOT analysis. The study recommend three strategies, namely: 1) providing hygienic and comfortable place, full music and television and food security-license, longer operating hours, 2) providing a fresh and varied menu every day and 3) setting low prices which are supported by digital payment technology applications