bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of DNA damage profile and oxidative/antioxidative biomarkers level in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Mrowicka Małgorzata , Mrowicki Jerzy , Mik Michał , Dziki Łukasz , Dziki Adam , Majsterek Ireneusz
Published: July 2020

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the oxidative DNA damage, pro- antioxidant status in Polish patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Method: Oxidative DNA damage were measured by comet assay techniques; nitric oxide (NO) and plasmatic lipid peroxidation (MDA) as oxidative stress were valuated by colometric methods; superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) as antioxidative defence were determined by spectrophotometric methods.
Results: The level of oxidative DNA damage in IBD patients was significantly higher in relation to controls (P = 0.01). Alike, in control subject as well as in patients with IBD, lymphocytes are characterized by complete repair of DNA damage.
A significant decrease of SOD (P = 0.031), CAT (P = 0.006), GPx1 (P = 0.001) activity was seen in IBD patients vs control. MDA (P = 0.001) and NO (P = 0.001) concentrations were significantly increased in IBD patients than in healthy subjects.
Conclusion: Our results may be due to induction of DNA repair genes may occur at the stage of the pathological changes pathway (IBD), that may be caused by excessive oxidative stress. However, the reasons for these relationship, and whether it is direct or indirect, remains to be explored.
Bilateral brachiocephalic vein stenosis in a chronic
hemodialysis patient with well-functioning
arteriovenous fistula – A rare entity
Authors: SINGH MAJ GEN , KUMAR VINOD
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Central vein stenosis has been reported in patients of end stage renal disease with subclavian vein being more commonly affected than brachiocephalic vein.
Case report: We present a case of young female with bilateral brachiocephalic vein obstruction following arteriovenous fistula creation for hemodialysis.
Warszawska Klinika Laryngo-Otiatryczna
w pierwszych latach okupacji hitlerowskiej
w relacji profesora Jana Szymańskiego
Authors: Kierzek Andrzej
Published: July 2020

W oparciu o maszynopis prof. Jana Szymańskiego (1903–1984) „Historia warszawskiej Kliniki Laryngologicznej od 1921–1942” zanalizowano działalność Kliniki w pierwszych latach okupacji hitlerowskiej. Ukazano trudne warunki pracy oraz heroiczną walkę lekarzy i personelu medycznego z bezwzględnym okupantem. Wspomniano również, że w tych latach udało się prowadzić działalność edukacyjną dla studentów i lekarzy. Na zakończenie skrótowo zasygnalizowano osiągnięcia zawodowe i naukowe prof. J. Szymańskiego.
Evaluation of risk factors for postoperative complications in rectal cancer patients
Authors: Zeman Marcin , Czarnecki Marek , Grajek Maciej , Idasiak Adam , Tukiendorf Andrzej , Czarniecka Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

Purpose
The complications of surgical treatment for rectal cancer, particularly anastomotic leaks after anterior resection, are a significant clinical problem. We retrospectively analysed preoperative factors that may affect the occurrence of complications.

Material and methods
A total of 392 rectal cancer patients were included in a retrospective analysis. A total of 257 anterior resections (AR) and 135 abdominoperineal resections (APR) were performed. The risk factors for early postoperative complications were analysed by logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves.

Results
The significant risk factors for severe complications (grade 3B and higher on the Clavien-Dindo scale) in the multivariate analysis were neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio > 5 (p = 0.047) in the AR group, age of the patients (p = 0.031) in the APR group, and coronary artery disease in both groups (p = 0.03, p = 0.011, respectively). There were no risk factors for anastomotic leaks in the AR group before the analysis was divided into early and late leaks. In the univariate analysis, the statistically significant risk factors for early leaks were preoperative neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio > 5 and peripheral blood platelet count, while late leaks were associated with coronary artery disease; however, in the multivariate analysis, these factors were not statistically significant.
Conclusions
The risk factors for severe postoperative complications were neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio> 5, advanced age of the patients and coronary artery disease. The different risk factors for early and late anastomotic leaks after anterior resection may indicate their different aetiologies.
do uzupełnienia
Authors: Waśkowicz Waldemar , Włodarczyk-Dziadosz Agnieszka , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Bloch-Kaczka Magdalena
Published: July 2020

do uzupełnienia
The Beijing Consensus and the New Silk Road in Africa: Chinese investments in new disputes of hegemony
Authors: Nascimento Lucas Gualberto do
Published: July 2020

This paper is going to analyze, from governmental and academic reports, the development of Sino-African relations mainly in the sphere of influence of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC); and of the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) project, also known as the New Silk Road.
Sozialrecht
Authors: Schaumberg Torsten
Published: July 2020

Dieses Buch bietet sowohl den Studierenden juristischer als auch denen anderer Studiengänge einen Einstieg in das nicht immer leicht überschaubare Sozialrecht. Hierbei steht nicht in erster Linie die Arbeit am Fall, sondern die Systematik dieses Rechtsgebietes im Vordergrund. Neben dem materiellen wird auch das formale Sozialrecht gebührend behandelt. Das Lehrbuch stellt insbesondere die System- und Wechselwirkungen sozialrechtlicher Vorschriften kompakt dar. Die Grundzüge des deutschen Sozialrechts werden erläutert. Merksätze, Definitionen wichtiger Begriffe, Verständnisfragen und Schaubilder ergänzen die didaktische Zielsetzung dieses Buchs. Die 3. Auflage wurde durchgehend aktualisiert; der rehabilitationsrechtliche Teil wurde um Ausführungen zum neuen Bundesteilhabegesetz ergänzt.
Grenzen der Wissenszurechnung
Authors: Liese Christian
Published: July 2020

The concept of the German Civil Code (BGB) understands the entitled person as carrier of the relevant information. Thus, according to Sec. 119 ff. BGB, a rescission is possible when the entitled person has gained knowledge of the reason for rescission, and a termination is made when the authorized person has become aware of the ground for termination, Sec. 626 para. 2 s. 2 BGB. But which rules should apply if the entitled person and the information diverge–for example in a multi-level group structure or cases of outsourcing? Jurisdiction and literature have not formed a unanimous opinion so far. The study analyses the current level and abstracts conditions under which the imputation of knowledge in these practical constellations is possible.
I–Convergence of Arithmetical Functions
Authors: Baláž Vladimír , Visnyai Tomáš
Published: July 2020

Let n > 1 be an integer with its canonical representation, n = p 1 α 1 p 2 α 2 ⋯ p k α k . Put H n = max α 1 … α k , h n = min α 1 … α k , ω n = k , Ω n = α 1 + ⋯ + α k , f n = ∏ d ∣ n d and f ∗ n = f n n . Many authors deal with the statistical convergence of these arithmetical functions. For instance, the notion of normal order is defined by means of statistical convergence. The statistical convergence is equivalent with I d –convergence, where I d is the ideal of all subsets of positive integers having the asymptotic density zero. In this part, we will study I –convergence of the well-known arithmetical functions, where I = I c q = A ⊂ N : ∑ a ∈ A a − q < + ∞ is an admissible ideal on N such that for q ∈ 0 1 we have I c q ⊊ I d , thus I c q –convergence is stronger than the statistical convergence ( I d –convergence).
Acute Myocardial Infarction: Perspectives on Physiopathology of Myocardial Injury and Protective Interventions
Authors: G. Kingma John
Published: July 2020

Diffuse coronary artery injury produces a host of physiopathological, structural and metabolic changes in cardiocytes that, if not rectified, result in significant loss of functional myocardium to cause cardiac contractile dysfunction. Restoration of blood perfusion to the infarct-related artery helps to limit the acute effects of myocardial infarction; however, cardiocyte injury may be exacerbated because of the restoration of blood perfusion to the ischemic zone (i.e. reperfusion injury). Various manifestations of reperfusion injury include no-reflow, myocardial stunning or hibernation and ventricular arrhythmias. Consequently, reperfusion of an infarct related artery is often viewed in the context of being a “double-edged sword.” Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions have been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies in the hunt to develop strategies to protect cardiomyocytes against the long-term effects of ischemia, or delay development of necrosis (resulting from ischemia or reperfusion). This book chapter will update current thinking on cardioprotective strategies to improve clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease.
Soil Erosion Influencing Factors in the Semiarid Area of Northern Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Ai Ning , Zhu Qingke , Liu Guangquan , Wei Tianxing
Published: July 2020

The semiarid loess area in north Shaanxi Province is one of the most serious areas of water erosion of China. Vegetation, rainfall, soil, and topography are the most dominant natural factors affecting soil erosion; and land disturbance/restoration is a significant factor influencing runoff and sediment yield in this area. According to the research, the results showed: (1) the relative impacts of the four factors on runoff were rainfall > soil > topography > vegetation, and the relative impacts of the factors on sediment yield were soil > runoff > rainfall > topography > vegetation; (2) during a period of the preliminary stage after land disturbance, topography was the most critical factor for the runoff, while sediment yield was soil. During a period of land restoration after land disturbance, runoff was primarily affected by vegetation, while sediment yield was rainfall; (3) this study showed Hippophae rhamnoides + Pinus tabulaeformis and Hippophae rhamnoides were the best vegetation type for reducing runoff and sediment yield, especially if the slope is less than 20°. Land disturbance is caused by human activities in semiarid regions, and in order to reduce the runoff and sediment yield quickly and effectively, artificial measures should be taken for rehabilitation of the disturbed lands.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: A. Ibrahim Seham , F. Rizk Hala
Published: July 2020

Thiazoles belong to the group of azole heterocycles. They are aromatic five-membered heterocycles containing one sulfur and one nitrogen atom. In recent years thiazoles, their derivatives, and isomers have gained considerable attention because of their broad applications in different fields, such as agrochemicals, industrial, and photographic sensitizers. Also, they have pharmaceutical and biological activities that include antimicrobial (sulfazole), antiretroviral (ritonavir), antifungal (abafungin), anticancer (tiazofurin), antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, antihypertensive, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. The compounds containing thiazole moieties are a prominent structural feature in a variety of natural products, such as vitamin B and penicillin. Thus, in this chapter several types of thiazole-based heterocyclic scaffolds such as monocyclic or bicyclic systems synthesis and their biological activities studies are presented. Furthermore modification of thiazole-based compounds at different positions to generate new molecules with potent antitumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities is described.
CO2Reduction Characteristics of Cu/TiO2with Various Reductants
Authors: Nishimura Akira
Published: July 2020

Cu-doped TiO2 (Cu/TiO2) film photocatalyst was prepared by combination of sol-gel and dip-coating process and pulse arc plasma method. The effect of Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst on CO2 reduction performance with reductants of H2O and H2 or NH3 was investigated. In addition, the overlapping two Cu/TiO2 coated on netlike glass discs were also investigated. The CO2 reduction performance of Cu/TiO2 film was tested under illumination of Xe lamp with or without ultraviolet (UV) light, respectively. As to the condition of CO2/H2/H2O, the best CO2 reduction performance has been achieved under the condition of CO2/H2/H2O = 1:0.5:0.5 with UV light illumination as well as without UV light illumination. The theoretical molar ratio of CO2/H2O or CO2/H2 to produce CO is 1:1. Since the molar ratio of CO2/H2/H2O = 1:0.5:0.5 can be regarded as the molar ratio of CO2/total reductants = 1:1, it is believed that the results of this study follow the reaction scheme of CO2/H2O and CO2/H2. On the other hand, as to the condition of CO2/NH3/H2O, the best CO2 reduction performance has been achieved under the condition of CO2/H2/H2O = 1:1:1 with UV light illumination as well as without UV light illumination.
Prevalence of Nasal Carriage Rate and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated From Syrian Students in Kurdistan, Iraq
Authors: Rasheed Narin Abdulrahman , Hussein Nawfal Rasheed
Published: July 2020

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent infectious agent that is responsible for various infections in hospitals and communities. Objectives: We aimed to study the nasal carriage rate and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. aureus among Syrian civilians in Duhok City, Iraq. Methods: A total of 335 participants were included from Syrian refugees in Duhok City, Iraq. Conventional lab tests such as Gram staining, mannitol fermentation, catalase, and coagulase were used for bacterial identification. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and agar dilution assay, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Results: Out of the 355 samples, 140 (39.4%) were confirmed as S. aureus. The highest resistance rate was against oxacillin (35%) followed by fusidic acid (27.86%). The resistance rates against tetracycline, gentamicin, vancomycin, and ciprofloxacin were 22.1%, 17.86%, 11.4%, and 8.57%; respectively. Teicoplanin showed no resistance. Conclusions: We recommend that the antibiotic profile of S. aureus among Syrian refugees needs to be monitored. We found resistance against most of the antibiotics used in the study, and the highest rate of resistance was against oxacillin.
Infection Control Important Points During Anesthesia and Surgery in the COVID-19 Era: A Concise Summary
Authors: Sanaei Dashti Anahita , Borazjani Roham , Zand Farid , Zand Zahra , Bahrololom Rosmina , Naal Zahra
Published: July 2020

: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised a huge sense of anxiety in people and health care staff. Yet, there are concerns regarding the exact routes of transmission and the best protective measures in health centers. It seems that a major route of transmission is via respiratory droplets, but it could be spread in an airborne mode in some airborne-producing procedures. This study provides a protocol as a quick, concise infection control module for those who work in operating rooms at the time of the outbreak of COVID-19 or similar infectious diseases.
Differences in Clinical and Demographic Characteristics in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients with and Without an Aneurysm: A Cross-Sectional Study in Western Iran
Authors: Khazaei Mojtaba , Bahari Poua , Mazaheri Shahir , Moradi Abbas
Published: July 2020

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most costly and important causes of death and disability worldwide. Aneurysmal type of this hemorrhage has high fatality and permanent disability rates. Objectives: In the present study, demographic and clinical characteristics of SAH with and without an aneurysm were compared. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, via the census method, all patients diagnosed with subarachnoid hemorrhage who were admitted to Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan during 2015 - 2016 were assessed. For SAH patients, both with and without an aneurysm, we used medical records to obtain demographic and clinical information. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21, at a 95% confidence level. Results: Overall, the medical records of 69 patients were investigated in this study. Among them, 17 (24.63%) had an aneurysm. There was a significant difference between the age of SAH patients and aneurysm (P = 0.003). Concerning patient risk factors, 59.4% had a history of hypertension, 29% had a history of smoking, and 17.4% had a history of diabetes. These risk factors and patient aneurysm status were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05). The proportion of death, persistent defect, hydrocephaly, and re-bleeding in investigated patients was 36.23%, 43.48%, 26.09%, and 17.39%, respectively. Conclusions: According to the findings, hypertension and smoking were two of the common modifiable risk factors in aneurysmal and non-aneurysmal SAH patients. Unlike non-aneurysmal SAH, aneurysmal SAH was more common in younger patients.
When you only have a week: Rapid-response, grassroots public services for access, wellness, and student success
Authors: Tranfield M. Wynn , Worsham Doug , Mody Nisha
Published: July 2020

The cascade of events following the global outbreak of COVID-19 produced exceptional examples of camaraderie, collaboration, and resourcefulness. In this article, we share two ways UCLA Library public services staff came together to rapidly re-envision learner-centered library services and support in response to the COVID-19 campus shutdown. In both cases, library staff adapted existing services (e.g., workshop delivery and tutorial design) to embrace remote technologies and scale to meet the needs of a greater number of learners.
Democratização e Tecnocapitalismo: O Brasil na Era Neoliberal
Authors: Alves Giovanni , Gonçalves Luís Henrique do Nascimento , Casulo Ana Celeste
Published: July 2020

Neste ensaio, apresentaremos algumas considerações críticas sobre a problemática da democratização no contexto histórico da sociedade civil neoliberal e do desenvolvimento do tecnocapitalismo no Brasil (1990-2020). O objetivo é expor elementos da sociabilidade virtual e da infosfera (big data, redes sociais, pós-verdade etc.) e seus impactos significativos na esfera pública, na operação dos intelectuais e na organização da cultura. Partindo de autores como Coutinho, Berardi, Castells e Kerckhove, apresentaremos a hipótese de que, com a constituição do tecnocapitalismo no Brasil (a expansão da Internet na década de 2000 e o desenvolvimento das plataformas virtuais e das redes sociais na década de 2010), surgiu uma nova estrutura ideológica para além das mídias tradicionais, que alterou a dinâmica da organização da cultura e do modo de operação da luta pela hegemonia social (e política) das classes sociais e seus intelectuais orgânicos.Palavras-chave: Intelectuais. Infosfera. Neoliberalismo. Democracia. Brasil.
Variability of the genome size in coniferous plant in extreme environmental conditions
Authors: Sedelnikova T. S.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The features of genome size transformation in conifers growing in extreme environmental conditions are reviewed. Conclusions. Conifers have a very large genome. The main resources of genome size modifications of conifers under extreme environmental conditions are: variability of the chromosome numbers (polyploidy, aneuploidy; mixoploidy), occurrence of B-chromosomes and increasing of its numbers, changes of the content of nuclear DNA, variation of the repetitive DNA sequences (microsatellites, ribosomal RNA genes, transposable elements – retrotransposons), and the chromosomal rearrangements. These features are also components of the epigenetic system which defines the adaptability of the genome changes when exposed to stressful environmental factors. Keywords: Pinophyta, genome, repetitive DNA sequences, epigenetic system.
Changes in loop organization of chromatin at different stages of lymphocyte activation
Authors: Afanasieva K. S. , Lozovik O. V. , Olefirenko V. V. , Sivolob A. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Aim was to investigate possible changes in the DNA loop domain organization upon activation of human lymphocytes. The rational for this task is the knowledge that the chromatin looping plays an important role in transcription regulation and thus may vary depending on cell functional state. Methods. The kinetics of DNA loop migration during single cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay) was studied for nucleoids obtained from human lymphocytes and lymphoblasts activated to proliferation by interleukin 2. Results. Three part of DNA were observed in nucleoids: DNA on the nucleoid surface, loops up to ~150 kb inside the nucleoid, and larger loops that cannot migrate. An essential redistribution of the loop domains between the inside and surface fractions occurs upon activation (at G1 phase). Later on (at the end of S phase) the inside fraction becomes lower in favor of the large loops. Conclusions. Changes in the cell functional state are accompanied by large-scale changes in the loop domain organization that can be detected by the comet assay.Keywords: DNA loops, nucleoid, comet assay, lymphocytes, lymphoblasts.
Optically active isomers of the genus Pinus and their application in chemosystematic
Authors: Shutova A. G. , Kovalenko N. A. , Supychenko H. N. , Garanovych I. M. , Spiridovych E. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of this work was the possibility of using the composition of essential oils enantiomers as chemomarkers for the genus Pinus. Methods. The plant materials were subjected to hydrodistillation in a Ginsburg type apparatus (0.2 kg each loading) for 1 h. The collected samples of essential oils were dried with anhydrous Na2SO4 and stored at 4.8℃ until analyzed. The enantioselective capillary GC analysis was conducted on a Cyclosil B capillary column (30 m x 0.32 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm, 30 % hepatkis (2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl)-β-cyclodextrin in DB-1701). The relative amounts of individual components (in %) were calculated on the basis of GC peak areas without using correction factors. Results. The composition and enantiomeric terpene distribution of essential oils from the Pinus plants cultivated in the Central Botanical Gardens of Belarus is reported. Conclusions. The obtained experimental data indicate the presence of individual enantiomer composition features of essential oils of various representatives of the pine trees that can be used in chemosystematics of the genus Pinus. A common feature for the studied species of the genus Pinus is a significant predominance of (+)-Δ3-carene over (-)-form, the levorotatory isomer of β-pinene over (+)-form. As chemomarker for the section Cembra can be used enantiomeres excess (-)-limonene.

Keywords: Pinus, essential oil, enantiomer, chemomarker.
Participation of ferulic acid in elicitation of winter wheat plants resistance against Septoria tritici infection
Authors: Zhuk I. V. , Dmytriev O. P. , Lisova G. M. , Kucherova L. O.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The usage of biotic elicitors for elicitation of defense responses may induce plant disease resistance and prevent increased environmental pollution by pesticides. The aim of research was to analyze in field trials participation of ferulic acid in elicitation of winter wheat resistance against Septoria tritici blotch agent. Methods. Content of endogenous H2O2, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbatperoxidase activities were measured in elicitor-treated and inoculated by S. tritici blotch winter wheat plants (cv. Poliska 90) during different ontogenesis phases. The extent of disease development, morphometric parameters and yield structure were analyzed. Results. The data obtained suggest that ferulic acid induced defense responses in winter wheat against S. tritici blotch agent. Initiation of defense responses in elicitor-treated plants occurred shortly. Hydrogen peroxide content was enhanced in elicitor-treated plants. Conclusions. Ferulic acid could be used as biotic elicitor. It increased the wheat grain quantity. Elicitation of biochemical nature of induced defense responses revealed increased peroxidase activities for lignin biosynthesis and mechanical strengthening of the plant cell walls.

Keywords: winter wheat, biotic elicitors, induced resistance, ferulic acid, Triticum aestivum L., Septoria tritici.
Biotechnological methods score efficacy the cryopreservation of boar semen
Authors: Kovtun S. I. , Metlytska O. I. , Shcherbak O. V. , Hyria V. M. , Kopylova K. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Estimate boar semen for suitability to cryopreservation using informative biotechnological methods (thermoresistant probe, heat resistance test) to replenish genetic resources of Animal Gene bank Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics n. M.V. Zubets, NAAS. Methods. In carrying out this work used biotechnology, cryobiological, morphological methods. Results. Mirgorod boars breed investigation we noted feature individual semen quality, which affect its suitability for cryopreservation. All boar genealogy analysis of experiment in Mirgorod breed descended from a line of boar named Lovchyk 1205, which was characterized by negative performance stability to semen cryopreservation. For morphometric and functional parameters of sperm, potentially of better quality sperm for cryopreservation was boar Mirgorod purebred No. 1159, for which thermoresistant probe, heat resistance test indices was respectively 40.0 % and 35.0 %. Most suitable for cryopreservation in terms of heat resistance test boar semen was number 1159 and No. 79, and amounted to 35.0 % and 30 %. Nevertheless, after thawing average sperm activity index fell to 83.7 %. Conclusions. Established a comprehensive method for assessing the suitability of native breeds boar semen cryopreservation involving of morphological and biotechnological methods Keywords: cryobank, spermatozoa, cryopreservation, gene pool.
Corn plant comparative reactions to artificial dehydration
Authors: Serhieieva L. Ye. , Mykhalska S. I. , Kurchii V. M. , Tyshchenko O. M.
Published: July 2020

Aim. There are maize plants of inbred line L-370 (control) and from T4 progeny of plants transformed via in planta Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with LBA4404 strain harboring pBi2E with double-stranded RNA-suppressor of the proline dehydrogenase gene. The free proline and sucrose levels, sucrose/fructose ratio during period of desicca-tion/rehydration were investigated. Methods. Maize T4 progeny and initial plants of L-370 line were cultivated in con-tainers. Variants were tested under short term (4 days) dehydration and after 3.5 hours of rehydration. The free proline and carbohydrates levels were estimated at those times of the experiment. Results. The short-term water deficit did not create pathological changes in plants. But the free proline levels rose in leaves of all variants. At the same time the ami-no acid levels under stress condition in T4 plans were higher than in L-370-plants. After 3.5 hours of rehydration the proline content in control plants decreased and stayed without changes in T4 plans. In T4 plants the carbohydrate meta-bolism systems energy maintained the stability of the sucrose/fructose ratio during the whole time of experiment. Conclusions. The T4 plants high level of water stress tolerance is a possible result of transgene activity.Keywords: Zea mays, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, T4-progeny, short-term water stress, dehydration, proline sucrose.
Expression pattern of SLWRKY33 and SLERF5 in tomato plants under elevated salt concentration and water deficit
Authors: Jafarov H. R. , Gasimov K. G.
Published: July 2020

Aim. High salinity, drought, and low temperature are the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and development and can lead to serious yield losses of agricultural crops. In plants, the majority of responses to abiotic stresses are con-trolled at the transcriptional level that is regulated by transcription factors (TFs). The family of WRKY and AP2/ERF are important superfamilies involved in response of plants to abiotic stress. Methods. The tissue-specific expression pattern of two superfamily members – SlWRKY33 from WRKY and SlERF5 from AP2/ERF were studied in tomato plants by means of Northern RNA hybridization and immunoblotting of total proteins. Results. Northern hybridization revealed very quick and strong expression of SlWRKY33 at elevated concentration of salt and water deficit, and rela-tively late and weaker expression of SlERF5 genes. Western hybridization with specific polyclonal antibodies revealed that during water deficit SlERF5 and SlWRKY33 were intensively expressed in variety of tissues of tomato plants. SlERF5 expressed in shoot apex, young leaves, roots and stems, while SlWRKY33 expressed in the same tissues as above and in axillary buds. Conclusions. Obtained results indicate that both SlWRKY33 and SlERF5 are involved in plant responses to abiotic stresses like elevated salt concentration and water deficit.Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum L., transcription factor, cloning, immunohybridization abiotic stresses.
Antioxidant activity in Brassica napus L. plants expressing lox-dependent BAR gene
Authors: Sakhno L. O. , Lystvan K. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The study of possible unintended biochemical peculiarities of newly obtained herbicide-resistant canola (Brassica napus L.) plants expressing the lox-dependent BAR gene was the aim. Methods. Total soluble protein content, total free radical scavenging activity, and superoxide dismutase activity have been investigated using Bradford’s, DPPH, and nitroblue tetrazolium assays, respectively. Fresh weight of plants grown on media with or without phosphinothricin was also measured. Results. The antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of untransformed plants under in vitro growth condi-tions had no significant differences in comparison with ones of phospinothricin-resistant plants in the third generation. No significant changes in parameters investigated were observed in transgenic plants cultivated on media with herbicide addition compared to ones grown on media without it. Fresh weight and total soluble protein content were similar in transgenic and untransformed canola plants under growth without phosphinothricin. Conclusions. Lox-dependent BAR gene introduction and expression resulted in no significant differences in leaf antioxidant activity in transgenic canola plants comparing to untransformed controls.Keywords: Brassica napus, antioxidant activity, DPPH, glufosinate, superoxide dismutase.
Peculiarities of conjugation of polytene chromosomes in the offspring of Drosophila melanogaster Meig. after exposure to the acute γ-irradiation
Authors: Skorobahatko D. A. , Strashnyuk V. Yu. , Mazilov A. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The purpose of investigation was to study the peculiarities of homologous conjugation of polytene chromosomes in the salivary glands of larvae in Drosophila melanogaster offspring after exposure to acute γ-irradiation. Methods. Experiments were carried out on wild type Oregon-R strain. Three-day-old flies were irradiated by brake gamma rays on the linear electron accelerator LEA-10. The dose rate was 0.4 Gr/sec.The effects of acute γ-radiation at doses of 8 Gr and 16 Gr were studied. Giant chromosomes were investigated in squashed preparations of the salivary glands stained by acetoorcein. Preparations were obtained from the females at the end of third larva stage. Results. The decrease at 41.5 % in asynapsis frequency of homologous chromosomes in salivary gland cells of larvae in Drosophila F1 progeny after γ-irradiation at the dose of 8 Gr was shown. No effect was observed at the dose of 16 Gr. Analysis of variance showed with a high degree of significance (Fφ = 53, p < 0,001) the influence of gradations of factor on the frequency of violations of conjugation of homologous in Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Conclusions. The results suggest a possible effect of gamma-radiation on the trans-interaction of loci of homologous chromosomes due to the changes in the asynapsis frequency. Keywords: giant chromosomes, spontaneous asynapsis, trans-interactions, ionizing radiation.
Recombinational origin of the nuclear introns
Authors: Pidpala O. V. , Lukash L. L.
Published: July 2020

Aim. It has been analyzed the intron sequences homologs O6-methylguanin-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT, AGT) genes on the early stages of their formation in eukaryotic organisms. Methods. Homologous regions have been defined by the program BLASTN 2.6.1. Searching and identifying of the MGEs have been realized by using CENSOR. Results. It has been found that same homologous fragments without introns genes MGT1 S. cerevisiae and agt D. melanogaster may be take part in the formation of different structure part of the agt-1 C. elegans gene. Also it has been found the fragments of homology between various introns and exons of the agt-1 C. elegans and mgmt D. rerio genes. Conclusions. The obtained results allow suggested about recombinogenic nature of the formation of spliceosomal introns.

Keywords: O6-methylguanin-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT or AGT) gene homologs, spliceosomal introns, origin of introns, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), recombinogenesis.
Briterne vil blive, men ...
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Noter i marginen
Asien og Globaliseringens Ocean
Authors: Hansen Anders
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Tyskland: De nedskruede forventningers tid
Authors: Wivel Peter
Published: July 2020

Peter Wivel om Tysklands nationalpolitik anno 2013.
Civilisationernes sammenstød
Authors: Udenrigs Redaktion
Published: July 2020

Noter i marginen
Arabisk verden splittet af forårsfornemmelser
Authors: Jerichow Anders
Published: July 2020

Anders Jerichow fortæller om Mellemøstens fragmenteret samfund - De rige, de jævne og de fattige – eller de sidste diktaturer, de nye demokratier og de fejlslagne.
Fælles udenrigstjeneste med fødselsvanskeligheder
Authors: Skytte Christoffersen Poul
Published: July 2020

Poul Skytte Christoffersen analyserer EU's udenrigstjeneste, og skriver om hvordan det kan ændrer sig med et dansk formandsskab.
Da udenrigsministeren stod uden for døren
Authors: Pedersen Rasmus Brun
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Regard des adolescents sur la violence conjugale complexifiée par des difficultés liées à la consommation et à la santé mentale des parents
Authors: Khelfaoui Idriss , Clément Marie-Ève , Lessard Geneviève , Lévesque Sylvie , Lavergne Chantal
Published: July 2020

Les recherches sur la violence conjugale ont longtemps ignoré les enfants et les adolescents exposés à ce problème. Ce n’est qu’à partir des années 1980 que les études ont démontré l’étendue des conséquences néfastes de l’exposition juvénile à la violence conjugale. Les études réalisées auprès des adolescents se sont majoritairement intéressées à l’exposition à la violence conjugale comme telle, alors qu’elle est souvent vécue en cooccurrence avec d’autres problèmes parentaux ou familiaux. Cette étude qualitative propose d’explorer les conséquences de ces problèmes sur les adolescents et les perceptions qu’ils en ont. Elle a été réalisée auprès de 11 adolescents âgés de 12 à 16 ans, et les données ont été colligées au moyen d’un tableau recensant les difficultés familiales, présenté aux sujets au cours d’entrevues semi-dirigées. Les résultats ont mis en lumière le degré de compréhension des participants des difficultés familiales, des interactions entre elles, de leurs conséquences sur eux-mêmes et sur les membres de leur famille, ainsi que des autres problèmes qui peuvent aggraver leur exposition à la violence conjugale. Parmi les constats répertoriés, deux paraissent inédits : les difficultés des adolescents à percevoir les effets de la cooccurrence des problèmes et la richesse de leur discours sur les conséquences des problèmes parentaux. Cette étude pourrait ainsi constituer un point d’ancrage pour des recherches futures aussi bien théoriques que cliniques.
L’autodétermination des personnes âgées présentant une déficience intellectuelle : une recension des écrits scientifiques
Authors: Caouette Martin , Milot Élise , Pellerin Sarah , Maltais Louis-Simon
Published: July 2020

L’autodétermination constitue un thème de recherche majeur dans le domaine de la déficience intellectuelle (DI) depuis une trentaine d’années. Puisque les personnes présentant une DI peuvent désormais aspirer à une vie plus longue, il devient nécessaire de s’interroger sur leur niveau d’autodétermination après 40 ans. Cette recension des écrits publiés entre 2007 et 2017 inspirée de la « scoping review », fait le bilan des connaissances disponibles sur le sujet. Les 23 études recensées traitent de (1) l’emploi et de la retraite, (2) des activités de loisirs, (3) des soins de santé et de fin de vie et de (4) l’hébergement. L’analyse de ces études, selon le modèle socioécologique, suggère un faible niveau d’autodétermination et identifie des enjeux particuliers durant cette période de la vie. Cette recension des écrits met en lumière certaines considérations et avenues potentielles pour la pratique et la recherche.
L'objet immuable
Authors: Butler Caroline , Witzke James , Watkinson Bruce
Published: July 2020

Sur la côte nord de la Colombie-Britannique, les Premières Nations sont confrontées à des douzaines de projets de développement industriel majeurs, notamment la construction de pipelines pour le transport du pétrole brut et du gaz naturel liquéfié, ainsi qu’au trafic maritime des pétroliers qui y est associé. En réponse à cette expansion industrielle écrasante, les Premières Nations ont élargi leurs programmes de gouvernance environnementale pour participer de manière déterminante à l’examen des normes, à la recherche sur les impacts et à la surveillance environnementale. La Première Nation Gitxaała est un cas intéressant pour l’étude de la transformation de ces procédures de gestion environnementale par l’intégration des valeurs gitxaała dans le système des évaluations environnementales et la mise en oeuvre des droits et titres autochtones. Pour protéger leurs territoires contre les intrusions coloniales et les changements environnementaux, la Nation Gitxaała et les Premières Nations voisines utilisent des connaissances autochtones et des structures de gouvernance collaborative afin de limiter et d’atténuer les impacts des projets industriels. Pour les sociétés autochtones soumises à des pressions aussi extrêmes, la conservation ne se résume pas à mettre en place des formes de protection plus strictes ou plus récentes : il s’agit aussi de maintenir le statu quo environnemental devant un développement industriel invasif. Alors que, en réponse au développement rapide des industries, d’autres ministères et programmes participent à la sélection d’aires marines protégées ou à l’élaboration de plans de gestion basés sur l’idée de conservation — des initiatives de conservation reconnaissables —, la véritable ligne de front de la conservation autochtone peut être considérée comme la participation à l’examen des normes environnementales, à la négociation d’ententes sur les impacts et les bénéfices du développement industriel, et à la surveillance de ses effets cumulatifs à long terme. C’est sur le champ de bataille de l’évaluation environnementale que la force imparable de ce développement rencontre l’objet immuable de la souveraineté et de la protection territoriales des Premières Nations et que des victoires invisibles, mais cruciales, en matière de conservation sont obtenues.
La nation du bassin du Columbia
Authors: Wagner John , Taylor Joanne , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène
Published: July 2020

Au cours des 80 dernières années, le fleuve Columbia, au Canada et aux États-Unis, a été soumis à une importante série d’interventions liées à l’irrigation, à l’hydroélectricité, à la gestion des crues et aux activités industrielles qui ont transformé un fleuve coulant librement en une « machine organique » (White 1995). Le traité du fleuve Columbia, conclu entre le Canada et les États-Unis à la fin des années 1960, est le dernier d’une longue série d’importants projets de développement remontant au barrage de Grand Coulee, construit dans les années 1940, et au Projet du bassin du Columbia (Columbia Basin Project), réalisé dans les années 1950. Le traité du fleuve Columbia est actuellement réexaminé et le processus de révision a révélé de nombreux points de tension entre les organismes gouvernementaux, les sociétés de production d’hydroélectricité et les nombreuses voix divergentes dont les intérêts n’ont pas été bien servis par le traité. Parmi ces voix se trouvent celles des peuples autochtones de part et d’autre de la frontière, des familles d’agriculteurs dont les terres et les moyens de subsistance ont été détruits par les barrages, des défenseurs de la justice sociale et des environnementalistes cherchant à restaurer les pêcheries et les habitats riverains dans tout le bassin. Collectivement, ces voix alternatives constituent un mouvement émergent de démocratie participative que nous appellerons, dans cet article, la« nation du bassin du Columbia ». Nous pensons que ce mouvement offre un modèle viable pour comprendre de quelle façon la justice sociale et environnementale, les droits des peuples autochtones, la résilience des écosystèmes et la restauration des habitats peuvent être intégrés dans un futur système de gouvernance de l’eau pour le bassin du Columbia.
Aires marines protégées et politique précaire de conservation à Terre-Neuve
Authors: Davis Reade , Paquet Pierre-Alexandre , Fournier Robert
Published: July 2020

Cet article se penche sur les défis liés à la création d’aires marines protégées (AMP) « axées sur la communauté » à Terre-Neuve, en accordant une attention particulière aux forces qui ont contribué à l’essor et au déclin d’un projet d’AMP sur la côte nord de l’île entre 1997 et 2007. Il explique en quoi les réductions radicales imposées aux organismes de gestion fédéraux, le recours croissant au travail bénévole et la méfiance de longue date entre les pêcheurs et les gestionnaires fédéraux ont finalement contribué à l’abandon du projet.
Savoirs paysans et conservation des ressources génétiques
Authors: Demeulenaere Élise
Published: July 2020

Cet article analyse certains aspects du mouvement français de réappropriation paysanne des semences, en particulier son choix stratégique de se présenter comme acteur de la conservation des ressources génétiques cultivées. L’auteure aborde l’implication de chercheurs (incluant la sienne) dans la construction d’un tel cadrage. L’histoire montre que ce cadrage a été politiquement productif sur certaines scènes et à des moments donnés, mais qu’il a pour écueil de réduire les semences paysannes à leur dimension génétique et les agriculteurs qui les cultivent au rôle de gardiens de la biodiversité. L’évolution du mouvement et du contexte réglementaire montre que des repositionnements sont possibles. Dans la conclusion, l’auteure réfléchit au bon usage du réductionnisme. Suivant Olivier de Sardan, elle distingue deux approches du réductionnisme chez les chercheurs (méthodologique et idéologique) pour défendre la première. En contrepoint, elle propose de nommer « réductionnisme stratégique » (en référence à Spivak) « le choix stratégique des acteurs de ne mettre en avant qu’un aspect limitatif de leurs pratiques et de leur projet ». Les chercheurs se font les alliés intellectuels des mouvements sociaux lorsque leur propre réductionnisme méthodologique s’aligne sur celui, stratégique, des acteurs.
The effects of knee extensor moment biofeedback on gait biomechanics and quadriceps contractile behavior
Authors: Munsch Amanda E. , Pietrosimone Brian , Franz Jason R.
Published: July 2020

Individuals with knee joint pathologies exhibit quadriceps dysfunction that, during walking, manifests as smaller peak knee extensor moment (pKEM) and reduced knee flexion excursion. These changes persist despite muscle strengthening and may alter stance phase knee joint loading considered relevant to osteoarthritis risk. Novel rehabilitation strategies that more directly augment quadriceps mechanical output during functional movements are needed to reduce this risk. As an important first step, we tested the efficacy of real-time biofeedback during walking to prescribe changes of ±20% and ±40% of normal walking pKEM values in 11 uninjured young adults. We simultaneously recorded knee joint kinematics, ground reaction forces, and, via ultrasound, vastus lateralis (VL) fascicle length change behavior. Participants successfully responded to real-time biofeedback and averaged up to 55% larger and 51% smaller than normal pKEM values with concomitant and potentially favorable changes in knee flexion excursion. While the VL muscle-tendon unit (MTU) lengthened, VL fascicles accommodated weight acceptance during walking largely through isometric, or even slight concentric, rather than eccentric action as is commonly presumed. Targeted pKEM biofeedback may be a useful rehabilitative and/or scientific tool to elicit desirable changes in knee joint biomechanics considered relevant to the development of osteoarthritis.
Greek Death of Imruʾ al-Qays
Authors: Fassberg Teddy J.
Published: July 2020

It is commonly remarked, as a curiosity, that Imruʾ al-Qays’s traditional death resembles that of Heracles, but it has never been meaningfully discussed. This article undertakes to do so, arguing for the Greek provenance of his death tradition and discussing the implications of the Islamic construction of a Greek death for “the greatest Arab poet.” One implication involves his biography more generally, which is argued to have originally formed a different kind of narrative serving particular Islamic interests, later adapted to a biographic mold. The second stems from the recognition that the legendary Greek death of Imruʾ al-Qays is neither incidental nor isolated, which suggests that the horizons of Greco-Arabic studies are unduly narrow: alongside the transmission of written scientific texts, there were also oral popular traditions of Greek origin that left a deep imprint on Islamic culture.