bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kansas decision broadens law of zoning
Authors: Esq George Siefkin
Published: June 2007

The Kansas supreme court has sustained the exclusion of retail stores from residential districts. The opinion states that “there is an aesthetic and cultural side of municipal development which may be fostered within reasonable limits.”
How washington is governed
Authors: Garges Daniel E.
Published: June 2007

This will be of interest in connection with our annual meeting next month in Washington
Akron drops ciyt manager
Authors: Crecraft Earl Willis
Published: June 2007

By a majority of 172, the voters of Akron have transferred to the mayor hte functions of the city manager
Effect of tertiary amines on yellowing of UV‐curable epoxide resins
Authors: Chiang Tzu Hsuan , Hsieh Tsung‐Eong
Published: June 2007

The work reported demonstrates that the yellowness of UV‐curable epoxide resins can be improved by adding certain tertiary amines in appropriately determined amounts. According to the results of our experiments, 2.0 wt% benzoyl peroxide added to a resin effectively enhances the crosslinking density, and phenolic free radicals are produced during UV curing, which consequently induce yellowness via the reaction of oxygen and the free radicals. Imidazole (1‐amine) and tertiary amines, including 1,2‐dimethylimidazole (2‐amine), 2,4,6‐tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol (3‐amine), 1‐methylimidazole (4‐amine) and 2‐methylimidazole (5‐amine), were chosen to be added to resins, and their effects on UV conversion and yellowness were investigated. According to the experimental results, tertiary amines in the resin can provide a certain degree of improvement in yellowness index (ΔYI) and color parameter (ΔE*ab) of the resin sample. Whatever the type of tertiary amine, it is found that the optimum content of amine in resin is 1.0 wt%. Also, among the studied amines, the 3‐amine exhibits the highest UV reactivity and the best efficiency for yellowness improvement with values of Δa*, Δb*, ΔYI and ΔE*ab as low as − 1.4, 6.23, 11.27 and 6.48, respectively. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of poly(2,2,2‐trichloroethyl 10‐hydroxydecanate)‐block‐polystyrene combining enzymatic self‐condensation polymerization and ATRP
Authors: Sha Ke , Li Dongshuang , Wang Jingyuan
Published: June 2007

Enzymatic polymerization in a non‐natural environment is of interest as an environmentally friendly methodology as an alternative to the use of conventional chemical organometallic catalysts. Chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of the AB‐type diblock copolymer poly(2,2,2‐trichloroethyl 10‐hydroxydecanate)‐block‐polystyrene (PHD‐b‐PSt) was carried out by combining enzymatic self‐condensation polymerization (eSCP) and atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Biocatalyst Novozyme 435 was successful in catalyzing the eSCP of a novel ω‐hydroxyester, i.e. 2,2,2‐trichloroethyl 10‐hydroxydecanate. The resulting CCl3‐terminated PHD initiated the ATRP of styrene, a ‘living’/controlled radical polymerization. The analysis of the hydrolysate from the copolymer proved the presence of a block copolymer structure. In addition, the well‐defined diblock copolymer PHD‐b‐PSt self‐assembled into nanoscale micelles in aqueous solution. The chemo‐enzymatic synthesis of diblock copolymer PHD‐b‐PSt was achieved by the combination of eSCP and ATRP. The structures and composition of the block copolymer were characterized by means of NMR, infrared and gel permeation chromatography measurements. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that a microphase‐separation structure was formed in the copolymer, which was caused by the crystallization of the PHD segments. As investigated with atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering, these micelles had a mean diameter and a spherical shape. To our knowledge, this is the first example of a chemo‐enzymatic synthesis based on eSCP and ATRP. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Copolyester nanocomposites based on carbon nanotubes: reinforcement effect of carbon nanotubes on viscoelastic and dielectric properties of nanocomposites
Authors: Kalgaonkar Rajendra A , Jog Jyoti P
Published: June 2007

Nanocomposites based on an amorphous copolyester, poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐cyclohexane‐1,4‐dimethanol terephthalate) and carbon nanotubes were fabricated using a simple melt processing technique. The reinforcement effect of carbon nanotubes in the copolyester was investigated experimentally using different approaches based on dynamic mechanical analysis, rheology and dielectric analysis. The nanocomposites show a mechanical reinforcement effect with significant increase in the stiffness especially in the rubbery regime with increasing nanotube content. An increase in Tg and a decrease in damping are seen, which are derived from the presence of a percolating superstructure of the filler. Rheological experiments show an increase in storage modulus up to four orders of magnitude. Viscolelastic characterization shows that the percolation threshold is at 3 wt% of nanotubes. Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy confirms the presence of this percolating structure. We conclude that the responses of both rheological and electrical properties are different, although both are related to the formation of a percolating network superstructure of the filler. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Anticholinergics, not beta‐agonists, reduce exacerbations in COPD
Authors: Burrill Peter
Published: June 2007

A randomised controlled trial published in a peer‐reviewed journal is considered to be the ‘gold standard’ of information about the effectiveness of a treatment; however, critical appraisal of trials is required in order to judge the value and implications of the results. Here, the author presents an appraisal of a study comparing the efficacy of beta‐agonists and anticholinergics in COPD.

Salpeter SR, Buckley NS, Salpeter EE. Meta‐analysis: anticholinergics, but not beta‐agonists, reduce severe exacerbations and respiratory mortality in COPD. J Gen Intern Med 2006;21(10):1011‐9. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Oral antidiabetic drugs: their properties and recommended use
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: June 2007

There are now five classes of oral anti‐diabetic drugs available, with metformin remaining the cornerstone of drug therapy in type 2 diabetes. Our Drug review considers their mode of action, properties and recommended use, followed by sources of further information, an analysis of prescrip tion data and the Datafile. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Identification of three novel peptides isolated from the venom of the neotropical social wasp Polistes major major
Authors: ČeŘovský Václav , Pohl Jan , Yang Zhihua , Alam Naseer , Attygalle Athula B.
Published: June 2007

Three novel peptides designated as PMM1, PMM2, and PMM3 were isolated and characterized from the venom of the social wasp Polistes major major, one of the most common wasps in the Dominican Republic. By Edman degradation, and MALDI‐TOF and ESI‐QTOF mass spectrometry, the primary sequences of these peptides were established as follows: PMM1, H‐Lys‐Arg‐Arg‐Pro‐Pro‐Gly‐Phe‐Thr‐Pro‐Phe‐Arg‐OH (1357.77 Da); PMM2, H‐Ile‐Asn‐Trp‐Lys‐Lys‐Ile‐Ala‐Ser‐Ile‐Gly‐Lys‐Glu‐Val‐Leu‐Lys‐Ala‐Leu‐NH2 (1909.19 Da); and PMM3, H‐Phe‐Leu‐Ser‐Ala‐Leu‐Leu‐Gly‐Met‐Leu‐Lys‐Asn‐Leu‐NH2 (1317.78 Da). The suggested sequences were confirmed by MS analysis of peptide fragments obtained by enzymatic digestion. The peptide PMM1 is a lysyl‐arginyl‐Thr6‐bradykinine that belongs to the wasp kinins group. The sequence of the PMM2 peptide is unique; it resembles somewhat the tetradecapeptide amides of the mastoparan group; however, the chain is extended by three additional amino acid residues. The sequence of PMM3 dodecapeptide is homologous to the peptides of the wasp chemotactic group. Copyright © 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppressive effect of paroxetine, a selective serotonin uptake inhibitor, on tetrahydrobiopterin levels and dopamine as well as serotonin turnover in the mesoprefrontal system of mice
Authors: Miura Hideki , Kitagami Tomitsune , Ozaki Norio
Published: June 2007

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a coenzyme of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), which are rate‐limiting enzymes of monoamine biosynthesis. According to the monoamine hypothesis of depression, antidepressants will restore the function of the brain monoaminergic system and the BH4 concentration. In the present study, we investigated the effect of paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), on the BH4 levels and dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) turnover in the mesoprefrontal system, incorporating two risk factors of depression, social isolation and acute environmental change. Male ddY mice (8W) were divided into two housing groups, i.e., group‐housing (eight animals per cage; 28 days), and isolation‐housing (one per cage; 28 days), being p.o.‐administered paroxetine (5 or 10 mg/kg; days 15–28), and exposed to a 20‐min novelty stress (day 28). The levels of BH4, DA, homovanilic acid (HVA), 5‐HT, and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) were measured in the prefrontal cortex and midbrain. In both the regions, novelty stress significantly increased BH4 levels under the isolation‐housing condition, whereas these levels were decreased under the group‐housing condition. Thus, social isolation altered the neurochemical response to novelty stress. Paroxetine significantly decreased BH4 levels under the isolation‐housing condition, whereas decreased HVA/DA and 5‐HIAA/5‐HT ratios were observed under the group‐housing condition. Thus, social isolation may have influenced the suppressive effects of paroxetine on BH4 levels as well as exerted an influence on DA and 5‐HT turnover. We replicated our recent findings that SSRI, fluvoxamine, suppressed BH4 levels, as well as DA and 5‐HT turnover in the mouse mesoprefrontal system. Synapse 61:698–706, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of increased endogenous serotonin on the in vivo binding of [11C]DASB to serotonin transporters in conscious monkey brain
Authors: Yamamoto Shigeyuki , Onoe Hirotaka , Tsukada Hideo , Watanabe Yasuyoshi
Published: June 2007

Using a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) and the microdialysis technique, the effects of increased endogenous serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) on the binding of [11C]DASB to 5‐HT transporters (5‐HTT) were investigated in the conscious monkey brain. Five rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were scanned with [11C]DASB under the control condition and the increased endogenous 5‐HT condition, in which 5‐hydroxy‐L‐tryptophan (5‐HTP) was administered (20 mg/kg, i.v.) before the PET scan. Compared with the control scan, the 5‐HTP administration significantly decreased the binding potential (BP) (BP = Bmax/Kd) of [11C]DASB in several brain regions. The mean % decrease of BP was biggest in the caudate and putamen. Two monkeys were scanned with [11C]5‐HTP to assess the amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) activity in the brain, resulting in the high activity in the caudate and putamen. Microdialysis measurements showed that although 5‐HTP administration (20 mg/kg, i.v.) increased the extracellular 5‐HT levels in both the prefrontal cortex and caudate, the increase of the 5‐HT level in the caudate was 27 times higher than that in the prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that the caudate and putamen, both of which show high AADC activity, convert 5‐HTP to 5‐HT at a high rate, and the increased 5‐HT competes with [11C]DASB for the 5‐HTT. Synapse 61:724–731, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A direct method for ultrasound prediction of day of delivery: a new, population‐based approach
Authors: Gjessing H. K. , Grøttum P. , Eik‐Nes S. H.
Published: June 2007

Objectives

To introduce a direct population‐based method for prediction of term based on ultrasound measurements of the biparietal diameter and femur length in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Methods

Our data consisted of 41 343 ultrasound scans from a non‐selected population, prospectively collected during the years 1987–2004. Using measurements of biparietal diameter and femur length, we constructed prediction curves for term by computing median remaining time of pregnancy from the ultrasound measurement to birth. A local linear quantile regression method was used to smooth the median and quantile curves.

Results

The quality of term prediction was stable over the prediction range for both biparietal diameter (25–60 mm) and femur length (11–42 mm). The femur‐based predictions were nearly as good as those of the biparietal diameter. For the biparietal diameter, the median of the prediction residual was − 0.09 days; 87.2% of the births fell within ± 14 days of the predicted day of delivery, 3.5% births were classified as preterm and 4.3% as post‐term. The corresponding figures for femur length were − 0.04 days, 86.7%, 3.6% and 4.5%. The covariates maternal age, parity, mother's smoking habits, sex of the fetus and examination year generally affected the predicted term by less than 1 day.

Conclusions

This direct ultrasound‐based prediction of term using population‐based data avoids selection biases possibly present in smaller prospective samples. The model obviates the dependence on last menstrual period found in standard methods for term prediction, and allows an immediate assessment of prediction quality in a population setting. The femur‐based predictions had a quality similar to those based on the biparietal diameter. The model can be updated continuously as new data are collected. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Eine einheitliche Herleitung verschiedener Interpolationsformeln mittels der Taylorschen Formel der Operatorenrechnung
Authors: Tasche M.
Published: June 2007

Zahlreiche Verfahren der numerischen Differentiation und Integration basieren auf Interpolationsmethoden oder Polynomentwicklungen. Deshalb ist eine einheitliche Herleitung von Interpolationsformeln und Polynomentwicklungen und entsprechenden Fehlerabschätzungen von Interesse. In der vorliegenden Arbeit lösen wir dieses Problem mittels der Taylorschen Formel der Operatorenrechnung. Dabei wird die Operatorenrechnung als Teilgebiet der Theorie der verallgemeinert inversen Operatoren verstanden.
Monotone Enclosure Using Multi‐Point‐Secant Methods
Authors: Schneider N.
Published: June 2007

Multi‐point‐secant methods are applied to systems of equations in order to obtain sequences of upper and lower bounds for the solution. It is shown that the sequences converge monotonically and the order of convergence is better than linear. The results are illustrated by an example.
Some Theorems in a Grade Consistent Micropolar Theory of Elasticity
Authors: Leşan D.
Published: June 2007

A grade‐consistent micropolar theory of elasticity is considered, Some general theorems (existence and uniqueness theorems, reciprocal theorems, variational theorems) are established.
Gas‐Particulate Flow through a Curved Pipe
Authors: Jain R. K. , Prabha Saroj
Published: June 2007

Gas‐particulate flow through the curved pipe is analyzed in order to study the effect of the secondary flow on the volume flow rate at given pressure gradient. It is observed that as the secondary flow through the pipe increases, volume flour rate decreases. Moreover, when the particles are fine, the volume flow rate for the clean gas is greater than the volume flow rate for gas‐particulate flow. For coarse particles, volume flow rate for gas‐particulate flow is greater than the volume flow rate for the clean gas.
Zum Problem des gegenseitigen Einflusses von selbsterregten und fremderregten Schwingungen
Authors: Tondl A.
Published: June 2007

Diese Studie ist ein Beitrag zur Analyse der gegenseitigen Wirkung von selbsterregten und fremderregten Schwingungen eines Systems mit einem Freiheitsgrad und einer nichtlinearen Federcharakteristik. Es wird sowohl der Fall der weichen als auch der der harten Selbsterregung untersucht. Die Stabilität und die reale Existenz der semitrivialen und nichttrivialen Lösungen (d. h. der Lösungen, die sowohl Komponenten der selbsterregten als auch der fremderregten Schwingungen enthalten) werden in Resonanz analysiert.
On the Behavior of Plates Laminated of Bimodulus Composite Materials
Authors: Reddy J. N. , Bert C. W.
Published: June 2007

An excet and finite‐element analysis is used to predict the static bending and natural vibration response of rectangular plates laminated of composite material having different elastic properties depending upon whether the fiber‐direction strains are tensile or compressive. The analysis is based on a theory that accounts for anisotropy, bending‐stretching coupling, thickness shear deformation, and both coupling inertia und rotatory inertia. The finite‐element results are found to agree very closely with the exact closed‐form solutions in the case of a cross‐ply rectangular plate having simply supported edges and subjected to sinusoidally distributed normal‐pressure loading or temperature loading.
The Newtonian Two‐Fluid Model and Stationary Flow in Cylindrical Tubes of Varying Radius
Authors: Perkkiö J.
Published: June 2007

The stationary and laminar flow of two immiscible Newtonian fluids with equal density and different viscosities in cylindrical tubes with varying radius is considered. The expressions of the wall shearing stress and the flow resistance are calculated. The results are applied to flow through locally constricted tubes, for example to the flow of blood in blood vessel with stenosis.
Fehlerschätzung und Nachiteration bei Galerkin‐Verfahren
Authors: Lippold G.
Published: June 2007

Zur Schätzung der lokalen Diskretisierungsfehler in Galerkin‐Verfahren für lineare Gleichungen mit stark positiven Operatoren verwenden wir die Defekte von Näherungslösungen in genaueren Gleichungen. Durch die Wahl geeigneter Galerkin‐Schemata kann auf spezielle in der Literatur bekannte Glättungsprozesse verzichtet werden.
Das hydraulische Modell eines Plasmas in einem z‐Pinch
Authors: Förste J.
Published: June 2007

Unter gewissen Bedingungen kann die Strömung in einer Plasmasäule im Rahmen einer hydraulischen Näherung beschrieben werden. Dabei hängen die Strömungsparameter U, V, N und R nur von der axialen Koordinate z und der Zeit t ab. U und V sind dabei die Geschwindigkeitskomponenten in z‐Richtung bzw. senkrecht dazu, N ist die Dichte und R die radiale Ausdehnung. Für diese Größen ergibt sich aus den Grundgleichungen der Magnetohydrodynamik ein Rand‐Anfangswert‐Problem; für dieses werden Existenz‐ und Einzigkeitsaussagen bewiesen.
Schwingungsinduzierte Durchflußänderung im Ringraum zwischen konzentrischen Rohren
Authors: Müller H.
Published: June 2007

Im Ringraum zwischen konzentrischen Rohren fließe inkompressible newtonsche Flüssigkeit in axialer Richtung. Durch harmonische Querschwingungen des Innenzylinders wird eine Veränderung des nunmehr zeitlich gemittelten Volumenstromes bei gleichbleibendem Druckgradienten bewirkt, deren Berechnung im Rahmen einer Störungstheorie Ziel dieser Arbeit ist. Es zeigt sich, daß im Fall langsamer Schwingungen Volumenstromerhöhung, im Fall schneller Schwingungen Volumenstromminderung eintritt. Im Bereich mittlerer Frequenzen findet ein monotoner Übergang zwischen diesen Extremzuständen statt. Die Effekte sind um so stärker, je enger der Spalt zwischen den Rohren ist, d. h. je näher deren Radienverhältnis bei 1 liegt.
Flow in a Cylindrical Tube with sudden Change of Suction Across the Wall
Authors: Bauer Helmut F.
Published: June 2007

In a permeable circular cylindrical tube with constant suction across the wall the constant radial flow velocity at the wall is suddenly changed to another constant value. The transient flow behavior, such as the velocity‐, stress‐ and pressure distribution are presented analytically. Many special cases of interest to engineering and biological processes may be obtained.
Impact of a Body on a Mass Attached to an Elastically Restrained Beam
Authors: Kounadis A. N.
Published: June 2007

An extension of the classical problem of transverse impact of a body striking with an initial velocity on a beam, is presented. The individual and coupling effects on the dynamic response of the beam are discussed for a number of parameters such as: attached masses (position, translational and rotational inertia), elastic spring supports, and height of free fall of the body. A powerfull and quick analytical procedure leading to a closed form solution is developed which is demonstrated through numerous examples. An additional advantage of the proposed procedure is that an upper bound for the maximum value of any displacement or stress component can be readily established by means of the eigenfrequencies.
Sudden Twisting of an Infinite Elastic Conductor with a Penny‐Shaped Crack in a Constant Axial Magnetic Field
Authors: Shindo Y.
Published: June 2007

The problem of a torque applied suddenly to the surface of a penny‐shaped crack in an infinite elastic conductor permeated by a uniform axial magnetic field is considered. The singular solution is equivalent to that of the sudden appearence of a crack in a body under torsion. We discuss two special cases here. First, the quasistatic electromagnetic field is considered. Laplace and Fourier transforms are used to reduce the problem to a pair of dual integral equations. The solution to the dual integral equations is expressed in terms of a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind having the kernel that is a finite integral. The dynamic singular stress distributions near the crack tip are obtained in closed forms and the influence of the magnetic field upon the dynamic stress‐intensity factors is shown graphically. Second, perfect conductivity is also considered.
On a Model of a Polycondensation Process with Thermal Degradation
Authors: Gajewski H. , Sparing H.‐D.
Published: June 2007

A mathematical model of the melt polycondensation of polyethylene terephthalate respecting degradation reaction is considered. In the framework of this model simple approximate formulas for predicting the temporal evolution of the average degree of polymerization are established.
Monoton einschließende Verfahren bei additiv zerlegbaren Gleichungen
Authors: Schmidt H J. W. , Schneider
Published: June 2007

Zur monotonen Lösungseinschließung bei nichtlinearen Gleichungen wird eine Klasse von Verfahren entwickelt, welche als wichtige Sonderfälle Verfahren vom Newton‐, Regula falsi‐ und Jacobi‐Newton‐Typ enthält. In Abschwächung üblicher Monotonieforderungen wird dabei zugelassen, daß sich die Gleichung in Summanden mit unterschiedlichem Monotonieverhalten zerlegen läßt.
On Control‐Approximation Problems in Hilbert Spaces and Related Dual Problems: Subdifferentiability Properties and Estimates
Authors: Dietze S.
Published: June 2007

In this paper we consider abstract control‐approximation problems in Hilbert spaces, related dual problems and equivalent problems which arise from optimality conditions. We give the connections between these problems and study several properties of them, particularly properties concerning the subdifferentiability of the cost functionals. Furthermore, we derive estimates for the solutions and the optimal functional values. The results of this paper are above all useful for solving the control‐approximation problems, by the aid of the dual problems, directly or in connection with regularization methods.
Bemerkungen zur Instabilität der Strömung nicht‐newtonscher Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Becker E.
Published: June 2007

In nicht‐newtonschen Flüssigkeiten kann eine Instabilität bei schleichender Strömung auftreten. Die Energiemethode zur Stabilitätsuntersuchung liefert hierfür ein Stabilitätskriterium, vorausgesetzt, man kennt das Stoffgesetz der Flüssigkeit. Es wird gezeigt, wie man sich eine relevante Stoffgleichung, ausgehend von der Grundströmung, deren Stabilität zu untersuchen ist, durch ein Störungsverfahren verschaffen kann. Am Beispiel ebener viskometrischer Grundströmung wird unter Beschränkung auf ebene Störungen ein einfaches, experimentell gut bestätigtes Ergebnis für die Stabilitätsgrenze hergeleitet.
Strukturelles Deformationsmodell räumlich armierter Verbundwerkstoffe
Authors: Teters G. A. , Kregers A. F.
Published: June 2007

Ausgehend von der Mittelungsmethode der Theorie lokaler Deformationen wird ein mathematisches Modell räumlich armierter Kompositwerkstoffe konstruiert. Aus den gegebenen Eigenschaften der Armierung, des Matrixmaterials und der Armierungsgeometrie werden die Deformationen eines charakteristischen Strukturelements bestimmt. Die Berechnung der Deformationseigenschaften wird durch die Mittelung der Spannungen bzw. der Dehnungen des charakteristischen Strukturelements durchgeführt. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit experimentellen Daten verglichen.
Diskretisierungsverfahren zur Lösung singulär gestörter Randwertprobleme
Authors: Tobiska L.
Published: June 2007

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Konvergenz und Stabilität von Diskretisierungsverfahren für singulär gestörte Zweipunktrandwertaufgaben untersucht. Einige Resultate lassen sich auf den zweidimensionalen Fall übertragen. Darüberhinaus wird die Konvergenz im globalen Gebiet (ohne Grenzschichten) untersucht.
On the Hill's Fundamental Equation for Quasihomogeneous Materials
Authors: Kafka V.
Published: June 2007

The well known Hill's equation (1) that is of fundamental meaning for the analysis of quasihomogeneous materials, is discussed and proved on the basis of assumptions that describe the macroscopic behaviour of these materials, i.e. on the basis of their definition. It is shown that an analogous equation where the volume averages are meant not in the composite but in one material constituent only, is not valid.
Analysis of Chebyshev Relaxation in Multigrid Methods for Nonlinear Parabolic Differential Equations
Authors: van der Houwen P. J. , Sommeijer B. P.
Published: June 2007

The main purpose of this paper is the analysis of the behaviour of (nonlinear) Chebyshev relaxation in multigrid methods for solving the implicit relations obtained when an implicit linear multistep method is applied to the space‐discretized parabolic differential equation. The relaxation parameters are tuned to those frequencies in the iteration error which one wants to damp on the successive grids. The coarsest grid problem, being related to the semi‐discrete parabolic equation on the coarsest grid, is solved by a stabilized Runge‐Kutta method. Numerical experiments and comparison with Gauss‐Seidel relaxation are reported.
Die exakte Berechnung der Moore‐Penrose‐Inversen einer Matrix durch Residuenarithmetik
Authors: Springer J.
Published: June 2007

Mit Hilfe der Residuenarithmetik können Matrixinverse und Lösungen von linearen Gleichungssystemen exakt (rundungsfehlerfrei) berechnet werden. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die Residuenarithmetik und einem Überblick über bisher erzielte Ergebnisse wird in dieser Arbeit eine neue und effektivere Methode zur exakten Berechnung der Moore‐Penrose‐Inversen A+ einer ganzzahligen Matrix A beschrieben. Sie beruht auf neuen Formeln für einen gemeinsamen ganzzahligen Nenner der (rationalen) Elemente von A+. Das Verfahren kann auch zur Lösung allgemeiner linearer Gleichungssysteme verwendet werden.
Pulsatile Flow in a Rotating Duct of Varying Gap
Authors: Goswami B. , Nanda R. S.
Published: June 2007

The problem of pulsatile flow in a duct of varying gap rotating with an angular velocity Ω about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the duct is analysed. Boundary layer approximations are invoked and the resulting equations are solved by a process of sucessive approximations. The first order harmonic and the second order steady mean velocity and pressures are obtained. The overall behaviour of the solution is characterised by two parameters X2 = Ωa2/v and α = ωa2/v where a is the mean half width of the channel, ω the frequency of oscillation and v is the kinematic viscosity. The details of the response of the fluid to the imposed oscillations are examined.
Monotonicity Methods for Nonlinear Singular Integral and Integro‐Differential Equations
Authors: Wolfersdorf L. V.
Published: June 2007

Applying methods of monotone operator theory existence theorems are proved for some classes of nonlinear singular integral and integro differential equations of Cauchy's type. In particular there are admitted more general nonlinearities in the considered integral equations than in the existing literature.
The Acceleration of Fast Deflagration Waves
Authors: Stewarta D. S. , Ludford G. S. S.
Published: June 2007

In an earlier paper Stewart and Ludford gave a theory of steady deflagration waves based on an ignition‐temperature model obtained from Arrhenius kinetics. They were able to describe analytically the structure of deflagration waves for the entire range of wave speeds between zero and the maximum (Chapman‐Jouget) value. In this paper we construct a quasisteady theory of flame acceleration based on that work, which can predict the acceleration response of a preexisting flame to quite arbitrary hydrodynamic disturbances in the limit of small heat release during the combustion. Explicit formulas and criteria are developed. In particular, we find that an unsteady deflagration wave can travel at speeds in excess of the Chapman‐Jouget value, and even at arbitrarily large supersonic values.
Three‐Dimensional Thermoelastic Treatment in Spherical Region and its Application to Solid Sphere due to Rotating Heat Source
Authors: Tanigawa Yoshinobu , Takeuti Yoitiro
Published: June 2007

This paper is concerned with three‐dimensional thermoelastic treatment governed by spherical coordinate system. The first part in this paper is devoted to derive the convenient expressions for the displacements and stress components by introducing two functions obtained from the three‐dimensional field equations of motion. It is shown that one of them is harmonic, and the other one is a solution of Poisson's equation. In the latter part, we have applied the above treatment to a practical three‐dimensional thermoelastic problem. As an illustrative example, we have analyzed the thermal stress problem of a solid sphere due to rotating heat source, and carried out the numerical calculation.
Relaxationsprozesse in Aerosolströmungen mit polydisperser Partikelphase
Authors: Roth P. , Thielen K.
Published: June 2007

Starting from the principles of the two‐phase‐flow theory the relaxation process of an aerosol with very small polydisperse solid particles behind shock waves has been studied. Different size distributions of the particles in the initial state have been assumed. The overall volume concentration of the particles should be small. Therefore the exchange processes between the phases have a weak influence on the gas phase, only. For the momentum and heat transfer processes molecular effects have been taken into account by simple Knudsen number corrections. Different computations show the time‐dependent deformation of the particle size distribution function during the aerosol relaxation behind shock waves.
Computation of Imperfection‐Sensitivity at Two‐Fold Branching Points
Authors: Gáspár Z.
Published: June 2007

There is a degenerate critical point (usually elliptic or hyperbolic umbilic) of the potential function of semisymmetric conservative systems in the case of a two‐fold branching point. The bifurcation set of a standard form is known in both cases in a parametrized form. In an imperfection‐sensitivity examination the relevant critical point is regarded as the first one reached by a continuously changing load, starting from a stable equilibrium state. The coordinate system of the imperfection‐sensitivity surface is transformed so that it coincides with a part of the bifurcation set of the standard form. Analysis of this reveals imperfections which decrease the critical load. Algorithms are given to compute these decreases. Finally the different possible forms of the equilibrium paths are sketched.
Die Berechnung von Intervall‐Hüllen in der Optimierung
Authors: Oelschlägel D. , Süsse H.
Published: June 2007

Bei der Betrachtung konvexer Optimierungsprobleme mit Datenfehlern interessieren Abschätzungen für die Menge der Optimalpunkte und für die Menge der optimalen Zielfunktionswerte. Berücksichtigt man die Datenfehler durch Intervallkoeffizienten im konvexen Optimierungsproblem, dann gestattet die intervallmathematische Behandlung, die genannten Lösungsmengen durch Intervalle (bzw. Intervallvektoren) einzuschränken. Meist werden dabei nur Intervall‐Oberhüllen bestimmt. In der Arbeit werden Bedingungen bei speziellen Optimierungsproblemen angegeben, unter denen sogar die Intervallhüllen (optimalen Intervalleinschließungen) bestimmt werden können. Ein numerische Beispiel illustriert die erhaltenen Ergebnisse.
Ein Prediktor‐Korrektor‐Verfahren zur Berechnung von Kriechdehnungen
Authors: Rendl F. , Sturm F.
Published: June 2007

Es wird ein Kriechmodell diskutiert, das gekoppelt mit einem Finite‐Elemente‐Modell nichtlineare Spannungsanalysen ermöglicht. Unter geeigneten äußeren Bedingungen und bei einem einfachen Kriechgesetz läßt sich eine Klasse von Testproblemen exakt lösen. Damit ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, die Güte des Verfahrens zu untersuchen und es mit anderen Verfahren zu vergleichen. Ein auf dem Eulerverfahren basierendes Rechenmodell wird mit einem Prediktor‐Korrektor‐Verfahren verglichen. Die Formulierung der Testprobleme ermöglicht dabei eine weitgehende Trennung des numerischen Fehlers der Zeitdiskretisation des Kriechmodells vom Diskretisationsfehler durch das Finite‐Elemente‐Modell.
Torsional Response of an Elastic Half Space to a Nonuniformly Expanding Ring Source
Authors: Ghosh M. , Ghosh M. L.
Published: June 2007

Es werden exakte Ausdrücke für die Verschiebung in einem homogenen isotropen elastischen Halbraum in integraler Form bestimmt, der impulsförmigen Torsionskräften ausgesetzt ist, die sich über den Rand einer sich ungleichförmig ausdehnenden Schallquelle auf einer freien Oberfläche ausbreiten. Es werden sowohl positiv als auch negativ beschleunigte Ausbreitungen der Schallquelle betrachtet. Mit Hilfe des Verfahrens von Cagniard De‐Hoop wird die analytische Lösung in integraler Form bestimmt. Es werden unterschiedliche Wellenfrontflächen und ihr Existenzbereich dargestellt. Die Reaktionen der ersten Bewegung beim Eintreffen verschiedener Wellen werden durch einen Grenzwertprozeß bestimmt. Die Verschiebungen auf der freien Oberfläche werden für verschiedene Positionen der Schallquelle auch numerisch berechnet und grafisch dargestellt.
Two‐Sided Bounds for the Spectral Radius of a Positive Linear Map
Authors: Marek I. , Žitný K.
Published: June 2007

In this paper it is shown that the spectral radius of a cone preserving linear bounded map of Banach space (not necessarily finite‐dimensional) can be approximated both from below and above by spectral radii of two n X n matrices with non‐negative entries. The results obtained extend some known results, in particular, the Collatz's “classical” Einschließungssatz and E. Deutsch's recent two‐sided spectral bound theorem for partitioned matrices.
Certain Propositions on the Activation of Yield Modes in Elastoplasticity and their Applications to Deterministic and Stochastic Problems
Authors: Panagiotopoulos P. D. , Baniotopoulos C. C. , Avdelas A. V.
Published: June 2007

A method is proposed for the linearization of quadratic programming problems in discrete elastoplasticity. The method, which is based on certain propositions on the activation of the yield modes, presents the advantages of both the optimization algorithms and the linear system solvers. Deterministic and stochastic applications illustrate the theory.
An Analytical Approach to the Hot Water Drive
Authors: Gilbert R. P. , Jeffrey A. , Meek P.
Published: June 2007

In this work, a hybrid scheme, analytical and numerical, is devised to solve the one‐dimensional hot water drive for secondary oil recovery problems. In our model capillary pressure and gravity are ignored. It is shown how when the oil viscosity variation as a function of temperature is specified the oil and water saturations may be found by numerical integration of a first‐order nonlinear hyperbolic equation which involves the fluid temperature. The numerical scheme makes use of ideas due to Meek and Norburry [8] and leads to a system of algebraic equations where only a single iteration is necessary to obtain a second‐order accurate (in time) approximation to the solution of the saturation equation. It is then shown that the fluid and also the solid temperature may be found analytically in terms of the solution to a Goursat‐problem. The integral representation of this problem is then evaluated numerically and used in the saturation equation.
Oxidative Stability of Liposomes Composed of Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Containing Phospholipids
Authors: Vikbjerg Anders Falk , Andresen Thomas L. , Jørgensen Kent , Mu Huiling , Xu Xuebing
Published: June 2007

Oxidative stability of liposomes made of (Docosahexaenoic acid) DHA‐containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) was examined during preparation and storage. After preparation of the liposomes, the concentration of primary (conjugated dienes) and secondary oxidation products (Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, TBARS) were significantly higher compared to the initial value. During cold storage, formation of conjugated dienes and TBARS remained more or less constant in large unilamellar vesicles (LUV), whereas in mulitilamellar vesicles (MLV) they were seen to increase over a period of 21 days. Evaporation of solvent traces from a lipid film should preferably be done under nitrogen as vacuum evaporation was found to increase oxidation of the phospholipid.
Rethinking Identity and Coalitional Politics, Insights from Simone de Beauvoir
Authors: Stavro Elaine
Published: June 2007

Abstract.Identity politics have been much maligned by the Left as politically divisive and philosophically untenable. But the need for identification in the process of countering demeaned identities and fostering counter-hegemonic projects has been underestimated by poststructuralist critics. Good at dismantling identities and deconstructing existing strategies of inclusion, the poststructuralists are not particularly helpful in thinking through forms of subjectivity and/or collective action that would contribute to coalition building. Beauvoir provides a worthy model for coalitional politics. Her theory of relational subjectivity avoids essentialism and fosters collaboration, if that work is premised upon connected existences, rather than identity. Her theory of alterity, or Othering, acknowledges power differentials and accommodates both cultural and economic forces of oppression, moving away from static, centralized and binary relations of power that have become associated with second-wave feminism and conventional Marxism.

Résumé. La politique identitaire a été largement décriée par la gauche qui l'accuse de créer des dissensions et d'être philosophiquement insoutenable. Pourtant, le besoin d'identification dans le processus de soutien des identités dévaluées et de promotion de projets anti-hégémoniques a été sous-estimé par la critique post-structuraliste. Doués pour la déconstruction des identités et le démantèlement des stratégies d'inclusion, les post-structuralistes ont moins de talent pour concevoir des formes de subjectivité ou d'action collective qui contribueraient à la construction de coalitions. Simone de Beauvoir fournit un modèle précieux de politique de coalition. Sa théorie de la subjectivité relationnelle évite l'essentialisme et encourage la collaboration, si cet effort est basé sur des existences liées les unes aux autres plutôt que sur l'identité. Sa théorie de l'altérité reconnaît les différentiels de pouvoir et tient compte des forces oppressives, à la fois culturelles et économiques, abandonnant ainsi les rapports de pouvoir statiques, centralisés et binaires qui ont été associés avec le féminisme “ deuxième vague ” et le marxisme conventionnel.
Heidegger's Essentialist Responses to the Challenge of Technology
Authors: Tabachnick David Edward
Published: June 2007

Abstract.This paper is an effort to defend Heidegger's essentialist philosophy of technology against the charge of determinism. Rather than merely accepting its all-encompassing power, Heidegger provides three responses to the challenge of technology: 1) “aggressive essentialism” or the elimination of technology; 2) “moderate essentialism” or the reform of political, social and cultural institutions to better reflect the changes that technology brings; and 3) “passive essentialism” or the acceptance that we cannot act against or direct technology.

Résumé.Dans cet article, l'auteur s'efforce de défendre la philosophie d'essentialisme de technologie proposée par Heidegger contre l'accusation de déterminisme. Plutôt que simplement accepter le pouvoir omniprésent de la technologie, Heidegger fournit trois réponses au défi qu'elle présente: 1) “ l'essentialisme agressif ”, ou l'élimination de la technologie; 2) “ l'essentialisme modéré ”, ou la réforme des institutions politiques, sociales et culturelles pour mieux refléter les changements apportés par la technologie; et 3) “l'essentialisme passif ”, ou l'acceptation du fait que nous ne pouvons ni agir contre la technologie ni la diriger.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra
Authors: Hutter Horst
Published: June 2007

Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Friedrich Nietzsche, Graham Parkes,
trans., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. xliii, 335.

This new translation of Nietzsche's magnum opus is by far the
best available in the English language. It should find its way to the desk
of all students who do not have access to the original German.
Nature's Revenge: Reclaiming Sustainability in an Age of
Corporate Globalization
Authors: Mulligan Shane
Published: June 2007

Nature's Revenge: Reclaiming Sustainability in an Age of
Corporate Globalization, Josée Johnston, Michael Gismondi, and
James Goodman, eds., Peterborough: Broadview Press and Garamond Press,
2006, pp. 330.

In the 20 years since the Bruntland Commission popularized the notion
of “sustainable development,” many have questioned whether
this ambitious idea has any serious potential for realization or if it
stands as a rhetorical mask for a policy of meagre reform. Such concerns
are understandable, given how the ongoing challenges of global ecological
change and the continuing imperatives of development leave us no
justifiable alternative. Nobody would propose “unsustainable”
development, whatever the ecological and human effects. But sustainability
remains difficult to foresee, as it represents a journey into an unknown,
with little in the way of a map to guide those who seek this path.
Intégration de la dimension genre à la lutte contre la
pauvreté et objectifs du Millénaire pour le
développement—manuel à l'intention des instances
de décision et d'intervention
Authors: El Dessouky Naglaa Fathy
Published: June 2007

Intégration de la dimension genre à la lutte contre
la pauvreté et objectifs du Millénaire pour le
développement—manuel à l'intention des instances
de décision et d'intervention, Naila Kabeer, Les Presses
de l'Université Laval/CRDI, 2005, 336 p.

Ce livre est l'adaptation d'un ouvrage en anglais de Naila
Kabeer, intitulé Gender Equality, Poverty Eradication and the
Millennuim Developpement Goals : Maximising Synergies and Minimising
Trade-offs. Dans son ouvrage, Naila Kabeer met l'accent sur
l'égalité des genres en tant que condition de
l'éradication de la pauvreté. Avec ce postulat,
l'auteure espère, à notre avis, attirer
l'attention des personnes et des instances chargées de
l'élaboration des politiques publiques ainsi que de la
planification et de la mise en œuvre des programmes de
développement. Cet ouvrage représente une contribution
considérable, dans la mesure où il analyse et étudie
les objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD)
adoptés par les chefs d'État et de gouvernement lors
d'un sommet spécial des Nations Unies qui s'est tenu en
l'an 2000.
Le débat public en apprentissage—Aménagement et
environnement : Regards croisés sur les expériences
française et québécoise
Authors: Mercier Jean
Published: June 2007

Le débat public en apprentissage—Aménagement
et environnement : Regards croisés sur les expériences
française et québécoise, Louis Simard, Laurent
Lepage, Jean-Michel Fourniau, Michel Gariépy et Mario Gauthier
(sous la direction de), Paris : L'Harmattan, collection Villes et
entreprises, 2006, 315 pp.

L'ouvrage collectif franco-québécois, Le
débat public en apprentissage—Aménagement et
environnement, se propose de faire un bilan des mécanismes de
consultation publique au Québec et en France. Les institutions qui
encadrent ces débats publics, surtout en environnement, en
énergie et en construction routière, nous semblent
relativement récentes, mais dans certains cas, comme dans celui du
BAPE (Bureau d'audiences publiques sur l'environnement) au
Québec, elles fonctionnent depuis maintenant plusieurs
décennies, et l'heure est donc aux bilans. Ou, comme le
soulignent des contributeurs français, on est prêt à
un “ débat sur le débat ”. Pour dresser ce
bilan, on a eu la bonne idée de faire appel à des praticiens
et à des universitaires, et ce, des deux côtés de
l'Atlantique. Le résultat est un volume riche en pistes et en
idées dont l'intégration est cependant laissée
au soin des lecteurs.
De la propagande à la communication politique : perspectives
sur l'opinion publique en France, au Québec, aux
États-Unis.
Authors: Laberge Yves
Published: June 2007

Lynda Lee Kaid (ed.), Handbook of Political Communication
Research, Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2004, xviii + 541 p.

Dominique Wolton (dir.), La Télévision au pouvoir.
Omniprésente, irritante, irremplaçable. Paris,
Universalis, 2004, 195 p.

Anne-Marie Gingras (dir.), La communication politique: État
des savoirs, enjeux et perspectives, Québec, Presses de
l'Université du Québec, 2003, 295 p.
Interspecific interactions between larval digeneans in the eyes of perch,Perca fluviatilis
Authors: KENNEDY C. R.
Published: June 2007

The changes in prevalence and abundance of the three species of metacercariae in the humour of the eyes of perchPerca fluviatilisin Slapton Ley, Devon, have been monitored over a period of 29 years. Earlier studies had revealed thatDiplostomum gasterosteiwas originally the sole occupant of this niche, butTylodelphys clavatacolonised in 1973 andT. podicipinain 1976. A decline in the number of perch with heavy infections ofD. gasterosteiwas significantly negatively correlated with population abundance ofT. clavataand a decline in recruitment rate ofD. gasterosteicoincided with the population increase inT. podicipinaover the period 1976–1979. It was suggested that the decline in population size ofD. gasterosteiwas due to inter-specific competition, but this hypothesis could not be tested experimentally. Subsequent investigations, reported here, confirmed the decline when the data set was extended to 1985. A severe decline in the perch population over the winter of 1984/1985 resulted in the disappearance ofD. gasterosteiandT. podicipinaand this was followed by a slow recovery from 1990 onwards. This natural experiment provided an opportunity to test the hypothesis. OnlyT. clavatasurvived throughout the perch crash and the population continued at pre-crash levels up to 1999. Its congenerT. podicipinadid not re-appear until 1994 and was probably a re-introduction: it did not attain pre-crash levels until 1999. It is likely thatD. gasterosteisurvived the crash as it re-appeared in 1991, but was confined to young of the year fish and barely approached pre-crash levels even in 1999. Its continual low levels cannot be explained by changes in the lake or in densities of snail intermediate or bird definitive hosts. New data revealed that the suspensory ligaments of the eye were the preferred site of all three species and that the eye was partitioned out between them. The data from the post-crash period do not refute but rather confirm earlier conclusions that inter-specific competition is responsible for the decline inD. gasterosteiand this remains the preferred hypothesis.