bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ПРОБЛЕМА ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОФЕСІЙНО-ЕТИЧНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ У ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГІЧНІЙ ЛІТЕРАТУРІ
Authors: Prokhorchuk Polina
Published: December 2018

Володіння нормами загальної та професійної  культури  представлені  в  статті  як важливі якості сучасного фахівця, необхідні для успішного розвитку його особистісної та професійної кар’єри. Обґрунтовано необхідність розвитку цих якостей у процесі професійної підготовки майбутніх графічних дизайнерів, як фахівців, професійна діяльність яких пов’язана з образотворчою діяльністю,  покликаних створювати візуальні художні  образи   та оперувати ними. Здійснено аналіз сутності понять «професійна культура» та «педагогічні умови». Зазначено, що в сучасній науково-педагогічній літературі існують різні визначення названих понять. Показано різні погляди сучасних дослідників на обґрунтування сутності поняття «педагогічні умови формування професійно-етичної культури». З’ясовано, що цей педагогічний феномен пояснюється здебільшого як: сукупність дій, спрямованих на поетапне моделювання й ефективне функціонування процесу становлення й розвитку належного рівня професійно-етичної культури; процес становлення особистості в результаті об’єктивного впливу спадковості, середовища, виховання, самовиховання й педагогічного управління індивідуальним становленням людської особистості. У результаті наукового аналізу психолого-педагогічної літератури виявлено й охарактеризовано основні педагогічні умови, що забезпечують процес формування професійної, етичної, моральної та професійно-етичної культури. Узагальнення поглядів учених дало змогу зробити висновок про те, що найбільш оптимальними для організації професійної підготовки майбутніх графічних дизайнерів можуть бути: вдосконалення знань про механізми творчого саморозвитку, використання інноваційних технологій для формування професійних умінь і навичок, формування позитивної мотивації до професійного успіху.
РОЛЬ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ІТ-ОСВІТИ НА СВІТОВОМУ РИНКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТОВАРІВ І ПОСЛУГ
Authors: Yershov Mykola-Oleh
Published: December 2018

Представлено результати аналізу загальних тенденцій розвитку вітчизняної ІТ-індустрії та особливостей підготовки ІТ-спеціалістів у закладах вищої освіти. Дослідження здійснювалося на основі вивчення нормативно-правових актів, статистичних джерел, економічної та науково-педагогічної літератури з питань регламентації функціонування інформаційного суспільства. ІТ-освіта охарактеризована як міждисциплінарний феномен, багатоаспектність якого пояснюється його приналежністю до предметів багатьох наук – педагогіки, психології, економіки, соціології, філософії та ін. Виокремлено дві важливі педагогічні проблеми – розвиток у майбутніх фахівців усіх галузей української економіки цифрових компетентностей, спроможних забезпечити їх професійну гнучкість і мобільність у стрімко змінному інформаційному суспільстві, та кадрове забезпечення вітчизняної ІТ-індустрії.

Доведено, що ІТ-освіта в Україні представлена через формальний, неформальний та інформальний напрями. З’ясовано, що формальна ІТ-освіта змогла забезпечити високу  якість підготовки ІТ-спеціалістів, затребуваних як внутрішнім, так і світовим ринками праці, але стала втрачати роль провідного надавача освітніх послуг для ІТ-сфери, поступаючись неформальній та інформальній освіті. Показано, що найбільш нагальними на сьогодні є проблеми: переміщення найбільш кваліфікованих кадрів у зарубіжні ІТ-компанії з кращими умовами праці та вищою заробітною платою та перетоку до вітчизняної ІТ-сфери фахівців без базової технічної освіти з інших непрофільних галузей, що знижає кваліфікацію вітчизняних ІТ-спеціалістів; відсутності тісних дієвих зв’язків між системою освіти та ІТ- сферою, що ускладнює професійну підготовку критичної маси ІТ-спеціалістів, здатних не лише виконувати аутсорсингові функції, але й виготовляти самостійний програмний продукт; диспропорційності між ключовими та професійними навичками випускників, що ускладнює побудову ними успішної професійної кар’єри; маргіналізації у закладах негуманітарної  вищої освіти дисциплін соціогуманітарного циклу, що не сприяє формуванню у них міцної світоглядної системи цінностей, необхідної для захисту своєї его-ідентичності в умовах гібридної інформаційної війни.
ЗМІСТ І СТРУКТУРА ЦИФРОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ЗАКЛАДІВ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Bazeliuk Oleksandr
Published: December 2018

У статті здійснено спробу проаналізувати процес «цифровізації» вітчизняної освітньої практики, а також використання інформаційних технологій у закладах професійної освіти. Сучасний соціально-культурний феномен «цифрова культура» обумовлений передусім. необхідністю існування особистості у просторі інформаційних технологій та комп’ютерних засобів. У таких умовах здатність опановувати інформацію, орієнтуватися серед великих      її обсягів стає невід’ємною рисою фахівця у будь-якій сфері, у тому числі й педагогів професійної освіти.

Перехід до цифрової епохи відзначається значними змінами не лише у структурі соціальних взаємин, але й на рівні кожної окремої особистості (аж до фізіологічної адаптації). Таким чином, надзвичайно важливо правильно розуміти зміст і структуру цифрової культури у контексті професійної освіти. Важливо зазначити, що наукових джерелах, поняття «цифрова культура» стає синонімом таких понять, як «електронна культура», «кіберкультура», «аудіовізуальна культура», «інформаційна культура», «мультимедійна культура» тощо.

У даній статті представлено авторське бачення змісту та структури цифрової культури педагогічних працівників закладів професійної освіти, а також охарактеризовано її структурні компоненти. Автором запропоновано розуміти цифрову культуру педагогічного працівника закладу професійної освіти, як динамічну єдність аксіологічно-правового, інформаційно- технологічного, комунікативно-етичного, пізнавально-інтелектуального та особистісно- творчого компонентів, що характеризує специфічні  якості  його  особистості  та  здатність до ефективної і продуктивної взаємодії з суб’єктами й об’єктами цифрового середовища, спрямовані на їх пізнання та творче перетворення. Автор доходить  висновку про те, що цифрова культура  є сферою творчого застосування і реалізації здібностей педагогічного працівника закладу професійної освіти, яка передбачає наявність індивідуальної свободи, незалежності суджень, ініціативності та відповідальності за власні дії. Особистість, впливаючи на інших, створює й перетворює себе, визначає свій власний розвиток, реалізуючи себе в цифровій педагогічній діяльності.
Cosmic gamma-ray bursts and soft gamma-repeaters – observations and modeling of extreme astrophysical phenomena: (100th anniversary of the Ioffe Institute)
Authors: Aptekar R L , Bykov A M , Golenetskii S V , Frederiks D D , Svinkin D S , Ulanov M V , Tsvetkova A E , Kozlova A V , Lysenko A L
Published: December 2018

Cosmic gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are the brightest sources of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. For many years, GRB and SGR studies have been among the major basic research areas at the Ioffe Institute. The physical processes that power immense luminosity of the cosmic gamma-ray sources are of utmost interest because they enable exploring physical phenomena in the vicinities of stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars, whose magnetic fields are probably larger than the critical vacuum polarization value, i.e., under conditions inaccessible in terrestrial laboratories. Owing to the high luminosity, GRBs can be detected at distances up to the edge of the visible Universe, and thus enable studying how the first stars emerged and probing the properties of matter along the entire line of sight to the sources. We briefly review the results of modern multi-wavelength studies of cosmic GRBs and SGRs. We discuss the history of the GRBs and SGRs studies, a vibrant area of basic astrophysical research at the Ioffe Institute, their accomplishments and prospects. We describe in detail the results obtained with several generations of KONUS detectors that have been designed and manufactured at the Ioffe Institute. Observational data obtained by space-based instruments are effectively complemented by theoretical modeling of astrophysical processes that exhibit extreme energy release. We also discuss prospects for GRB and SGR studies, including future experiments scheduled at the Ioffe Institute.
Localized modes in chiral photonic structures
Authors: Vetrov S Ya , Timofeev I V , Shabanov V F
Published: December 2018

We discuss chiral structures in self-organizing, artificial, and biological materials. A review of experimental studies and recent advances in the localization of light in chiral structures is given. The behavior of polarized resonant modes in such structures is examined using the example of a one-dimensional photonic crystal containing liquid crystal materials. The anomalous spectral shifts of transmission peaks are interpreted as the contribution of the geometric phase caused by the twisting of the layers of the liquid crystal. The optical Tamm state localized at the boundary between chiral and nonchiral mirrors in the form of a cholesteric layer and a polarization-preserving anisotropic mirror is analytically and numerically described. Considerable attention is paid to the presentation of the properties of localized optical modes in the cholesteric with a resonant metal-dielectric nanocomposite. New possibilities for controlling the properties of the photonic structure are noted, due to the combination of the dispersion of the resonant medium and the intrinsic dispersion of the cholesteric. Attention is focused on controlled hybrid modes in the cholesteric structure formed by the coupling of localized modes. Possible applications and further ways of developing the concept of chiral photonic structures are deliberated.
On a half-forgotten but very powerful method for coherent spectroscopy of molecules
Authors: Makarov A A , Ryabov E A
Published: December 2018

The sum-frequency generation involving two infrared laser quanta and a single visible-range laser quantum is a four-wave mixing process that is virtually not used in practice. Nevertheless, this process provides an extremely high selectivity with respect to the Q-branch of the two-photon vibrational transition in molecules. We explore here two publications: one that is more than thirty years old, and another that appeared in 2018, to show broad potential applications of the method. The objective reasons why this potential has not been used so far are discussed.
Impact of HBV and HCV coinfection on CD4 cells among HIV-infected patients: a longitudinal retrospective study
Authors: Silva Claudinei Mesquita da , Peder Leyde Daiane de , Silva Eraldo S , Previdelli Isolde , Pereira Omar Cleo Neves , Teixeira Jorge Juarez Vieira , Bertolini Dennis Armando
Published: December 2018

Introduction: The impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on CD4 cells in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is unclear. We aimed to examine the impact of HBV and HCV coinfection on CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio in adults with HIV.

Methodology: We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study in Brazil between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2016, including 205 patients with HIV monoinfection, 37 with HIV-HBV coinfection, 35 with HIV-HCV coinfection, and 62 with HIV-HCV (48 HCV genotype 1 and 14 HCV genotype 3).

Results: Median duration of follow-up was 2,327 (interquartile range: 1,159–3,319) days. An increased CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio over time was observed in all groups receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Patients with HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV coinfection and those with HIV monoinfection, showed comparable CD4 cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios during pre-ART. There was also no statistically significant difference in CD4/CD8 ratio between HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV coinfection groups and the HIV monoinfection group during follow-up on cART. However, CD4 cell counts were significantly lower in HIV-HCV patients than in HIV monoinfection patients during follow-up on cART. HIV patients with HCV genotype 3 coinfection showed significantly lower CD4/CD8 ratio during follow-up on cART than those coinfected with HCV genotype 1 coinfection. No statistically significant effect of coinfection was observed on the efficacy of cART.

Conclusions: HIV-infected patients are more likely to show better immunological responses to cART when they are not coinfected with HCV.
Comparison of azithromycin vs doxycycline prophylaxis in leptospirosis, A randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Alikhani Ahmad , Salehifar Ebrahim , Zameni Fatemeh , Rafiei Alireza , Yazdani-charati Jamshid , Delavaryan Leila , Akbari Azita , Babamahmoudi Farhang
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Leptospirosis is an important zoonotic disease in paddy field with 29.5% prevalence rate in Mazandaran province and 4% to 52% mortality rate among hospitalized patients. Prevention is an important strategy for the control of this disease. This study aimed to compare the prophylactic effect of azithromycin versus doxycycline against leptospirosis in an endemic area in north of Iran.

Methodology: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial, paddy field workers (n = 187) were randomized to receive azithromycin (500mg weekly), doxycycline (200 mg weekly) or placebo starting one week before exposure to paddy field, during and to four weeks after. Paddy field workers aged 18- 65 years who signed the informed consent form were assessed for signs and symptoms of leptospirosis in addition to serologic evidence of the disease 6th and 12th week. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 13 using Chi-square and Fisher exact test and ANOVA.

Results: From June to September 2016, 187 participants were entered the study to receive azithromycin (n = 66), doxycycline (n = 71) or placebo (n = 50). In terms of preventing against clinical leptospirosis, there was not any significant difference between three arms, though there was statistically significant difference of seropositivity after 6 and 12 weeks in comparison to baseline among all three groups (P = 0.029) and between active treatment (eg. azithromycin and doxycycline) groups and placebo group (P = 0.01).

Conclusion: Azithromycin like doxycycline decreased seropositivity without significant effect on clinical leptospirosis.
Spatial clustering of onchocerciasis in Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Gómez-Barroso Diana , Moya Laura , Herrador Zaida , García Belén , Nguema Justino , Ncogo Policarpo , Aparicio Pilar , Benito Agustín
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Onchocerciasis is a chronic neglected tropical disease caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus, which is endemic in Equatorial Guinea. The aim was to estimate the current spatial distribution of onchocerciasis, and its related factors, in Bioko Island after several years of mass drug administration and vector control activities, by using GIS technics.

Methodology: The survey was carried out within the framework of a wider research project entitled “Strengthening the National Programme for Control of Onchocerciasis and other Filariasis in Equatorial Guinea”. A structured questionnaire was designed to cover basic socio-demographic information and risk factors for onchocerciasis and the coordinates of household. the hydrographic network data to calculate the positive onchocerciasis rate was used. Poisson generalized linear model was used to explore the association between onchocerciasis and the following covariates: distance to the river, preventive practices, water source and household´s main source of income. Two different cluster analysis methods were used: Getis-Ord Gi statistic and SaTScan™ purely spatial statistic estimator.

Results: The risk of onchocerciasis was higher for those who drank water from external sources (RR 25.3) than for those who drank home tap water (RR 8.0). The clusters with z-score higher were located at the east of the island. For 5 km and 1 km distances, one significant cluster in the east was detected (RR 5.91 and RR 7.15).

Conclusion: No environmental factors related with onchocerciasis were found, including proximity to rivers. This could be partially explained by the fact that the vector was eliminated in 2005.
Stunting and intestinal parasites in school children from high marginalized localities at the Mexican southeast
Authors: Cruz-Cruz Carolina , López-Hernández Dolores , Hernández-Shilón Juan Antonio , Luna-Cazáres Lorena Mercedes , Vidal Jorge E , Gutiérrez-Jiménez Javier
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Children under five years of age from developing countries are in risk of not achieving an adequate human development due to stunting and extreme poverty. They were also affected by intestinal helminths. Inhabitants of the state of Chiapas, the poorest population in Mexico, register the highest prevalence of child malnutrition as well as intestinal parasitic infections. With the purpose of fight against poverty and hunger, the Mexican government launched a social program called “Prospera”. The aim of this work was to determine the prevalence of stunting and intestinal parasites in school children beneficiaries of that social program, from two marginalized municipalities of Chiapas, Mexico.
Methodology: A total of 106 school-age children were recruited for nutritional assessment as well parasitic load measures.
Results: Most children exhibited stunting (88.7%). In these children the prevalence of intestinal parasites was 32.1%, being A. lumbricoides the species with the highest prevalence (25.5%) with moderate parasitic load (15.1%). Positive associations were observed between the presence of intestinal parasites and the municipality where children lived, the type of footwear, or the educational level of the mother.
Conclusions: Extreme poverty conditions in these localities of Mexico are far from reaching the sustainable development goals.
The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens isolated in Qassim, Saudi Arabia‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
Authors: Al Wutayd Osama , Al Nafeesah Abdullah , Adam Ishag , Babikir Ibrahim
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a global health problem. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of uropathogens in the outpatient departments (OPDs) at the clinics of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2016. Nonrepetitive midstream urine samples (1273) were cultured on standard culture media. Identification and susceptibility testing of causative microorganisms was performed using the fully automated VITEK 2 Compact system.

Results: Out of the 1273 nonrepetitive urine samples, 418 (32.8%) exhibited significant growth of UTI-causing microbes, 377 (90.2%) of which were Gram-negative bacilli. The commonly isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli (157, 37.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (70, 16.7%), Proteus mirabilis (17, 4.1%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24, 5.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (11, 2.6%), Enterococcus faecalis (12, 2.9%), and Staphylococcus aureus (14, 3.3%). Overall, drug resistance was observed in 91.3% (n=381/418) of the samples, with a majority (80%) exhibiting resistance to at least 2 drugs. Drug resistance was commonly observed against ampicillin (89.9%), oxacillin (75.6%), piperacillin (85.4%), clindamycin (56.1%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (74.5%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.4%).

Conclusion: The uropathogens E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa and multidrug resistance pose serious therapeutic threats in the setting of this study. A concerted and systematic effort is required to rapidly identify high-risk patients and to reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance in this region.
Epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from hospital settings in Yemen
Authors: Nasher Samar , Alsharapy Sameer , Al-Madhagi Anwar , Zakham Fathiah
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Infection with Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing bacteria is considered as serious health problem worldwide. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli in hospitalized patients and the risk factors contributed for its nosocomial infections in addition to the antibiotics susceptibility patterns of isolates from 130 inpatients collected in Al Thawra General Hospital and Al-Kuwait University Hospital in Sana’a city.

Methodology: Antibiotic susceptibility testing and confirmation of ESBL production were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.

Results: Out of 130 E. coli isolates, 44 (33.8%) were ESBLs producers, the majority of ESBLs producers were in wound exudates samples (52.2%). The highest significant rates were among the elderly, patients with previous hospitalization, patients who have stayed in hospital more than 22 days, patients who have taken third generation cephalosporins as treatment and diabetic patients. All ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and the third generation cephalosporins (100%). Resistance to other antimicrobial agents among these isolates was: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (90.9%), nalidixic acid (95.5%), ciprofloxacin (90.9%), ofloxacin (88.6%) and tetracycline (54.5%). The most effective antibiotics in vitro for both types of isolates (ESBL producing and non ESBL producing E. coli) were Imipenem (100%), Amikacin (75%) and (93.0%), respectively, and Pipracillin-tazobactam (68.2%) and (88.4%), respectively.

Conclusion: ESBLs detection tests must be performed as routine work in all hospitals and laboratories. Furthermore, a strict adherence of infection control policies and procedures with continuous antibiotics resistance surveillance are important to prevent nosocomial infections.
An overview of respiratory syncytial virus infections in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmed Anwar , Parveen Shama , Al-Hassinah Sarah M , Al-Amery Salman F.
Published: December 2018

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) in different geographical regions including Saudi Arabia. Numerous hospital-based investigations have revealed the RSV prevalence between 0.2-54% in the paediatric population with ARI/ALRI from Saudi Arabia during 1991-2015. Maximum RSV infections occurred in children less than 1 year of age (51-97%) and male children (51-69%) were more commonly affected than females (31-49%). RSV infections are reported mostly during winter season suggesting seasonal distribution of the virus. Other respiratory viruses reported from this region are adenovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus and rhinovirus including many mixed infections. A few studies have reported the phylogenetic analysis of the circulating strains of RSV. These studies have revealed that circulating group A-RSV Saudi strains belonged to NA1 and ON1 genotypes and group B-RSV viruses clustered in the BA genotype. Molecular characterization of the Saudi strains was further carried out by mutational, selection pressure and glycosylation site analyses. We have compiled all the eighteen studies of RSV infection from Saudi Arabia in the form of this review and concluded that detailed comprehensive surveillance of RSV and other viruses in community and hospital settings is required. Information on the molecular characterization of currently circulating strains of RSV will contribute towards better understanding of the epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of this viral pathogen. Moreover, the determination of the genetic composition of circulating RSV strains will be important during evaluation of initial vaccine trials.
Prospective evaluation of vancomycin therapeutic usage and trough levels monitoring
Authors: Kabbara Wissam K , El-Khoury Ghada , Chamas Nour R
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Vancomycin is the cornerstone of parenteral therapy for serious methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. Optimal dosing of vancomycin is patient specific due to its narrow therapeutic window. The objective of this study is to evaluate the appropriate use of vancomycin focusing on the indication, dose, and therapeutic level monitoring.

Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital over a 3- month period. A data collection form was used to gather information on 93 patients receiving vancomycin. Study outcomes were assessment of the appropriateness of vancomycin indication, dose, and therapeutic trough level.

Results: The use of vancomycin both empirically and after culture results was appropriate in 78.5 % of the patients. More than half of the patients (51.6 %) were given an inappropriate dose of vancomycin per actual body weight, creatinine clearance, and  indication. Regarding therapeutic vancomycin monitoring, 69.0 % had inappropriate trough level monitoring. Only 15.7 % of the 166 measured troughs were within the target therapeutic level for the corresponding indication.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the high level of inappropriate use of vancomycin. This is mainly attributed to inappropriate dose and trough level monitoring. Interventions to improve vancomycin prescribing and monitoring practices are needed. The presence of an interdisciplinary team may improve the appropriate use of medications with a narrow therapeutic index such as vancomycin.
Le discours de la méthode : comment on écrit l’histoire de la philosophie
Authors: Citot Vincent
Published: December 2018

Nous ne prétendons pas dire quels usages les philosophes doivent faire de leur passé (tous sont légitimes dès lors qu’ils sont intellectuellement stimulants), mais comment connaître celui-ci. L’assimilation coutumière de tout discours sur les auteurs de la tradition à de « l’histoire de la philosophie » est fâcheuse car elle brouille les exigences d’une authentique histoire savante, c’est-à-dire d’une connaissance la plus objective possible du passé. Il s’agit ici de réfléchir aux conditions sous lesquelles une telle histoire est possible : critères de scientificité en général et méthodologie particulière en historiographie. Nous insistons sur l’intérêt de se donner des objets assez vastes dans le temps et l’espace et de contextualiser les œuvres plutôt que de s’en tenir à leur contenu doctrinal explicite.
Quoi faire des ratés de l’histoire de la philosophie ? Le cas du « spiritualisme » de Henri Bergson et de Victor Egger
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe
Published: December 2018

Victor Egger, philosophe spiritualiste méconnu du XIX e  siècle lu par Henri Bergson alors qu’il était étudiant, fournit l’occasion d’un questionnement sur les différentes manières d’écrire l’histoire de la philosophie aujourd’hui, et sur l’histoire de ce genre d’étude.
Une perspective leibnizienne en sociologie : la monadologie sociale de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Pinto Louis
Published: December 2018

Quels effets peut avoir la lecture d’un philosophe dans une discipline empirique comme la sociologie ? S’il est vain de voir en Bourdieu un héritier de Leibniz, on peut reconnaître chez lui un style « leibnizien ». Un premier trait est une posture conciliatrice : le refus des alternatives est un exercice de désamorçage ou de pacification qui procure en outre un gain inestimable, celui de voir, contre les apparences premières, les termes extrêmes mieux qu’ils ne sont donnés à penser. Un second trait est le perspectivisme consistant à considérer une multiplicité selon un principe d’économie accordant unité et variété. De ce point de vue, « habitus » et « champ » peuvent être envisagés comme des notions monadologiques qui satisfont l’exigence d’intelligibilité sans lui sacrifier le foisonnement du sensible.
Nos corps ne sont pas des dons de la nature. L’eugénisme libéral aux prises avec le concept de “donné”
Authors: Jesuha Thomas
Published: December 2018

Dans cet article, nous cherchons à rejeter certaines critiques philosophiques adressées à l’idée d’un eugénisme libéral, aujourd’hui techniquement et partiellement possible, autorisé dans certains pays sous certaines conditions. Il s’agit notamment de contrer l’argumentation de Jürgen Habermas selon laquelle pour être viable, c’est-à-dire autonome, la subjectivité doit pouvoir comprendre son propre corps comme le fruit de la contingence naturelle, et non comme le produit d’une intervention intentionnelle. Or cette « ontologisation » des fondements corporels du sujet s’avère être mal fondée, oscillant entre un discours éthique normatif surplombant et une description de l’expérience vécue du sujet génétiquement modifié. Au final, ces deux perspectives ne conduisent pas à des prises de positions compatibles concernant la dynamique de la vie subjective.
La France a-t-elle encore un rôle à jouer en République centrafricaine ?
Authors: Ponticelli Nathanaël
Published: December 2018

La crise que traverse la République centrafricaine (RCA) est loin d’être terminée. L’État est encore incapable de contrôler son territoire et demeure à la merci des groupes armés. Cette situation semble mener vers une fracture du pays et pourrait conduire à une déstabilisation de l’ensemble de la sous-région, tandis que la communauté internationale peine à jouer efficacement son rôle de stabilisation. Ainsi, alors que la Russie vient de lancer une initiative bilatérale importante à destination de la RCA, la France a clairement un rôle à jouer dans la reconstruction du pays, à la tête de ses partenaires européens. Sa stratégie de reconstruction devrait alors reposer sur trois axes : une reconstruction de l’appareil sécuritaire, des investissements ciblés et une approche diplomatique régionale.
A caccia dell’oro rosso. Le comunità del ponente ligure e la pesca del corallo nel xvii secolo
Authors: Calcagno Paolo
Published: December 2018

Attraverso la documentazione notarile, e concentrandosi sul caso della piccola comunità di Laigueglia, il saggio prova ad approfondire una vicenda molto importante dell’economia ligure preindustriale, con ricadute molto forti sulle società locali: la pesca del corallo nelle acque del Tirreno, regolarmente praticata tra l’aprile e il settembre di ogni anno. In particolare, nell’ultimo quarto del secolo xvii, esaminato attentamente in quanto momento di massima espansione di questa attività nel ponente ligure, le coralline si recavano in Sardegna (Bosa, Alghero, Castello Aragonese – oggi Castelsardo) e svolgevano contestualmente anche altri piccoli traffici, non solo all’andata ma anche al ritorno (specie di formaggio, carne, grano). L’analisi si concentra sull’organizzazione e sul finanziamento delle spedizioni alla volta dei banchi coralliferi sardi, e sui rapporti tra mercanti e patroni ai fini del reclutamento dei marinai e della vendita sul mercato dell’“oro rosso”. La concorrenza tra Genova e Livorno per accaparrarsi il corallo pescato dai liguri in Sardegna alimenta una delle principali pratiche illecite nello scenario marittimo alto-tirrenico, ma al tempo stesso svela scelte differenti in merito alla commercializzazione del prodotto e alla ripartizione degli utili all’interno degli equipaggi.
Être corailleur en Algérie au xixe siècle : pratiques du métier et reconversion professionnelle chez une population maritime en déclin à l’époque coloniale (Bône, La Calle, 1832‑1888)
Authors: Vermeren Hugo
Published: December 2018

L’or rouge joue un rôle moteur dans la conquête de l’Algérie, son développement économique au xixe siècle et le peuplement européen de ses ports. L’exploitation de cette ressource se situe à l’origine des premières décisions d’occupation durable des côtes et occupe une large frange de la population allochtone, principalement italienne. Cet article se propose de retracer les modalités d’implantation des corailleurs dans les deux principaux centres de pêche du corail que sont Bône et La Calle depuis le décret de 1832 qui libéralise l’activité à la loi de 1888 qui participe à son arrêt brutal. Les nombreux rapports des administrateurs maritimes éclairent les évolutions structurelles de l’industrie du corail et leur impact négatif sur le métier de corailleur. Les parcours des corailleurs témoignent quant à eux de la dégradation des conditions de ces pêcheurs et de leurs familles à mesure que la ressource s’épuise et que le Gouvernement général de la colonie en restreint l’accès.
De Gênes à Goa : Corail, diamants et cotonnades dans les affaires commerciales des frères Fieschi (1680‑1709)
Authors: Lo Basso Luca
Published: December 2018

Dans la seconde moitié du xviie siècle, les activités économiques des Génois trouvent, grâce à une relance de l’armement maritime et en le disant à la manière de Braudel, un nouvel élan extraordinaire. À partir du milieu du siècle, la construction de grands vaisseaux est financée et ces navires sont chargés de transporter des marchandises vers les centres du commerce colonial comme Cadix, Lisbonne, Amsterdam et Londres. En quelques années, l’activité des grands financiers de Ligurie se tourne vers le monde colonial, en profitant du rôle traditionnel de la République dans le système impérial espagnol. C’est dans ce contexte général que se place l’histoire de la compagnie commerciale des frères Fieschi. Membres d’une des plus anciennes familles nobiliaires de Gênes, Nicolò et Pietro Francesco Fieschi décident dans les années 1680, en exploitant le réseau commercial ligure de Lisbonne, de se lancer dans le commerce direct du corail vers l’Inde, échangé sur place contre des diamants et d’autres marchandises asiatiques. À la lumière des archives de cette société, il est possible d’inscrire cet épisode dans l’histoire du système commercial étudié par les célèbres travaux de Francesca Trivellato, dans lequel émerge un réseau interculturel animé par la médiation des marchands juifs, arméniens et hindous. Contrairement à ce que l’historiographie le laisse à penser, Gênes tenait un rôle prépondérant au niveau mondial dans la production et le commerce du corail entre les xviie et xviiie siècles.
Marins phrygiens au service de Rome sous le Haut‑Empire
Authors: Roux Michel
Published: December 2018

Cinq marins venant de Phrygie ont pu être recensés au Haut-Empire. Le chevalier Caius Iulius Alexander mena avec succès, sous le règne de Sévère Alexandre, une reliquatio des flottes de Misène et de Ravenne, qui soutint la campagne persique de l’empereur. Philippe l’Arabe le nomma préfet de la première nommée. Les quatre autres étaient de simples matelots, dont deux moururent avant la fin de leur temps de service. Le troisième fut libéré avec l’honesta missio, alors qu’il était détaché à Carnuntum. Le dernier fut intégré dans la légion I Adiutrix. L’engagement dans la marine, dont le service était long et ingrat, constituait pour les simples marins un espoir d’échapper à une condition sociale très médiocre en Phrygie. Ils bénéficiaient d’un salaire décent et régulier, même si deux seulement vécurent assez longtemps pour obtenir la citoyenneté romaine.
Les paysages viticoles espagnols : de la dispersion à la concentration ; de la rusticité à la modernisation
Authors: Molinero Hernando Fernando , Herrero Luque Daniel
Published: December 2018

Les vignobles espagnols ont connu un long processus d’abandon, de modernisation et de remembrements. La multiplication des DOP (AOC/AOP) depuis les années 1980, favorisée par l’élévation du niveau de vie de la population et les exigences des consommateurs pour des vins de qualité, a contribué à passer de l’abandon à une restauration et une concentration au profit des terroirs les plus favorisés par leurs conditions écologiques. Ces dernières, très diverses et contrastées, ont entraîné une consolidation du vignoble dans les régions et « pays » où les vins blancs et rouges sont de plus en plus appréciés sur les marchés intérieur et international ; ceci a ainsi permis l’émergence de nouveaux paysages au sein du vignoble espagnol.
Shaftesbury, Locke, and Their Revolutionary Letter? [Corrigendum]
Authors: DeLuna D. N.
Published: December 2018

A correction of an article originally published in vol 17 (2017).

In 1675, the anonymous Letter to a Person of Quality was condemned in the House of Lords and ordered to be burned by the public hangman.  A propagandistic work that has long been attributed to Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, and less certainly to his secretary John Locke, it traduced hard-line Anglican legislation considered in Parliament that year—namely the Test Bill, proposing that office-holders and MPs swear off political militancy and indeed any efforts to reform the Church and State.  Careful examination of the text of the Letter, and that of one of its sources in the Reasons against the Bill for the Test, also circulated in 1675, reveals the presence of highly seditious passages of covert historical allegory.  Hitherto un-noted by modern scholars, this allegory compared King Charles II to the weak and intermittently mad Henry VI, while agitating for armed revolt against a government made prey to popish and French captors.  The discovery compels modification, through chronological revision and also re-assessment of the probability of Locke’s authorship of the Letter, of Richard Ashcraft’s picture of Shaftesbury and Locke as first-time revolutionaries for the cause of religious tolerance in the early 1680s.  Even more significantly, it lends support to Ashcraft’s view of the nature and intent of duplicitous published writings from the Shaftesbury circle, whose members included Robert Ferguson, ‘the Plotter’ and pamphleteer at home in the world of skilled biblical hermeneutics.  Cultivated for stealthy revolutionary purposes, these writings came with designs of engaging discrete reading networks within England’s culture of Protestant dissent.
Análise comparativa de dimensionamento otimizado de blocos de concreto sobre estacas de concreto
Authors: Turini Thiago Tononi , Kerkoff Matheus Abreu , Favarato Lucas Fadini , Alves Élcio Cassimiro , Thomaz Acley Gabriel
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho propõe um estudo comparativo do resultado do problema de otimização de blocos de concreto sobre estacas, através do método dos pontos interiores, sendo analisadas as tensões limites nas estacas e no pilar conforme as normas ABNT NBR 6118:2014, ACI (2011), EHE (2008).Além das dimensões dos blocos, seção de aço e da resistência à compressão do concreto, o número de estacas para o projeto final será verificado como variável de projeto no problema de otimização. Exemplos numéricos de blocos de 2 a 6 estacas com os resultados da otimização serão apresentados para demonstrar a aplicabilidade da formulação. Por fim, fez-se uma análise da melhor solução, de modo que o melhor projeto seja escolhido.
Switching frequency control method based on short prediction horizon control algorithm of Quasi-Z source inverter
Authors: Li Shengchao , Ma Sile , Ma Xiaojing , Jiang Xiangyuan , Li Shuai
Published: December 2018

In order to overcome the problem of large inductance current ripple and poor output current quality caused by lower switching frequency in model predictive control (MPC). A short prediction horizon control algorithm is proposed, and the relationship between the prediction horizon and the switching frequency is analyzed, which also considered the influence of the switching frequency of the inverter. In the proposed algorithm the optimal vector is selected based on the historical switching state. Finally the proposed method can effectively reduce the inductor current ripple and improve the output current quality of the inverter, which is proved by simulation and experiment.
Cemented Femoral Component Use in Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Scanelli John A. , Reiser Geoffrey R. , Sloboda John F. , Moskal Joseph T.
Published: December 2018

Elderly patients undergoing both elective and nonelective hip arthroplasty contribute markedly to health care spending, and the current aging population is likely to require even more resources. Several national joint replacement registries show a lower risk of revision surgery in patients older than 75 years who received cemented femoral components compared with cementless implants for primary total hip arthroplasty. Despite a higher incidence of early periprosthetic femoral fracture, noncemented femoral components are being used with increasing frequency in elderly patients worldwide. Improvements in cementing technique and modifications to cemented stem design over several decades allow surgeons to obtain femoral component fixation in poor-quality bone with a relatively low risk of complications. Achieving durable cemented stem fixation requires the surgeon to understand the basic handling properties of cement, how to prepare the femoral bone, and differences in stem design and surface finish.
Evaluation of Physicochemical, Nutritional and Sensory Quality Characteristics of New Papaya Hybrids Fruits Developed in JKUAT
Authors: Nishimwe Gaudence , Okoth Everlyn Musenya , Rimberia Fredah Karambu
Published: December 2018

The world is faced with a lot of challenges including lack of sustainable development and inability to feed its growing population leading to malnutrition. The issue of accessing high quality nutritious foods such as fruits has become a major challenge for many African people. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is among the most popular fruits grown in Kenya and excellent in nutritional content. However, its potential has remained unexploited due to inadequate quality planting materials, high post- harvest losses and prevalence of pests and diseases. Researchers at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology developed promising papaya hybrids whose physicochemical, nutritional content and sensory characteristics have not been evaluated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical, nutritional content and sensory quality characteristics of the new papaya hybrids and their control, Sunrise Solo. The physicochemical attributes evaluated included; total soluble solids, total titratable acid, pH and total soluble solid/total titrable acid ratio. While the nutritional content evaluated included (Vitamin C and β-carotene content) and sensory quality characteristics were evaluated. The standard AOAC methods was used to determine nutritional content and an effective analysis with 9- point hedonic scale was used on sensory evaluation. There was significant difference (P< 0.05) in nutritional content of new hybrids papaya fruits and Sunrise solo. The maximum and minimum Vitamin C content of 131.63 mg/100g and 52mg/100g were exhibited by line 6 and 8 respectively. β-carotene content ranged between 1.69 and 3.39 mg/100g as exhibited by line 1 and lines 2 and 8 respectively. The findings of this study revealed that the nutritional content of the new papaya hybrids exceeded the one of Sunrise Solo while their sensory quality characteristics compared favourably to the one of Sunrise Solo. Based on these findings, lines 1, 2,5,6,7 can be recommended for commercialization.
Enkele opmerkingen over het het una via-beginsel en het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering
Authors: van der Vorm B.
Published: December 2018

Enkele opmerkingen over het het una via-beginsel en het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering

Thans is een belangrijke wetgevingsoperatie gaande, waarbij het Wetboek van Strafvordering wordt herzien. Opmerkelijk genoeg wordt in de vaststellingswetten op geen enkele wijze aandacht besteed aan de keuze tussen bestuurlijke en strafrechtelijke handhaving. Om het una via-beginsel een plaats te geven in het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering wordt voorgesteld om het bepaalde in artikel 243, tweede lid, Sv, te transponeren naar artikel 3.1.4, vijfde lid, van het nieuwe Wetboek van Strafvordering.
Het nemo-teneturbeginsel in de conceptwetsvoorstellen van het Wetboek van Strafvordering
Authors: van Toor D.A.G.
Published: December 2018

Het nemo-teneturbeginsel in de conceptwetsvoorstellen van het Wetboek van Strafvordering

In dit artikel worden twee in de modernisering van het Wetboek van Strafvordering geïntroduceerde opsporingsmethoden beoordeeld in het licht van het nemo-teneturbeginsel, te weten de handschriftanalyse en de stemvergelijking. Hiervoor wordt ten eerste uit de memories van toelichting de visie van de wetgever betreffende het nemo-teneturbeginsel gedistilleerd. Vervolgens worden de conceptartikelen waarin de nieuwe opsporingsmethoden zijn geregeld aan de rechtspraak van het EHRM getoetst.
Boekbespreking: mr. I.J. Krukkert, Individuele straftoemeting in het fiscale bestuurlijke boeterecht, Een interne theoretische rechtsvergelijking tussen het fiscale bestuurlijke boeterecht en het strafrecht, Deventer 2018.
Authors: Feenstra A.A.
Published: December 2018

Boekbespreking: mr. I.J. Krukkert, Individuele straftoemeting in het fiscale bestuurlijke boeterecht, Een interne theoretische rechtsvergelijking tussen het fiscale bestuurlijke boeterecht en het strafrecht, Deventer 2018.

Dit artikel is een boekbespreking van het proefschrift van mr. I.J. Krukkert over individuele straftoemeting in het fiscale bestuurlijke boeterecht. In dit proefschrift wordt een interne theoretische rechtsvergelijking tussen het fiscale bestuurlijke boeterecht en het strafrecht gemaakt.
De historie van de operationeel leider
Authors: Groot Bernard , Helsloot Ira
Published: December 2018

The history of the gold commander in the Netherlands

The operational leader, the ‘gold commander’, fulfils a crucial function in crisis- and disaster management in the Netherlands. He is held responsible for the total coordination of all collaborating emergency services and supports/advises the Mayor, the Commander in Chief. Unfortunately, this function has never been very effective in practise, as shown by many evaluations. From a scientific point of view, it is easy to understand why the operational leader cannot be effective in the Dutch crisis management organisation. The operational leader has no authorities and has been seated in an emergency operation centre far from the Mayor. This article examines why this issue has not been solved, despite 30 years of studying and adjusting the Dutch crisis management organisation.
Partnerdoding in Nederland
Authors: Liem Marieke , de Jong Inge , van Maanen Jade
Published: December 2018

Intimate partner homicide

Intimate partner homicide (IPH) constitutes one of the most prevalent types of homicide. This study aims to assess the nature and prevalence of intimate partner homicide in the Netherlands in the period 2009-2014. In doing so, we make use of police data, court data, and media articles. Findings show that IPH occurs 29 times per year, resulting in a victimization rate of 0.20 per 100,000, similar to other Western-European countries. Our results further show a decline in IPH in the last years. IPH in the Netherlands mostly occurs in heterosexual relationships, and involves male perpetrators and female victims. Finally, we reflect on possible causes for the decline of this type of homicide.
miR‐181a/b therapy in lung cancer: reality or myth?
Authors: Braicu Cornelia , Gulei Diana , Cojocneanu Roxana , Raduly Lajos , Jurj Ancuta , Knutsen Erik , Calin George Adrian , Berindan‐Neagoe Ioana
Published: December 2018

Despite substantial progress in oncology, lung cancer remains the number one malignancy in terms of both incidence and mortality rates, and there thus remains an urgent need for new therapeutic alternatives. MicroRNA (miRNA) have an important role in cancer initiation and progression due to their capacity to interfere with transcriptional signaling and regulate key cellular processes. miR‐181a and miR‐181b (miR‐181a/b), which are located on chromosomes 1 and 9, are pathologically expressed in the tumor tissue and plasma of patients diagnosed with lung cancer. The miR‐181a/b regulatory mechanisms are sophisticated and are directly related to different target genes. In recent years, an ever‐increasing number of studies have focused on the biological relevance of miR‐181a/b in key cellular processes. In this paper, we aim to discuss the challenging experimental data related to miR‐181a/b and their potential use for the development of new therapeutic approaches in lung cancer. We will further present the ongoing issues regarding the regulation of their multiple target genes, and their potential use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in this deadly malignancy.