bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Michał Głuszkowski, Socjologia w badaniach dwujęzyczności, Toruń: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, 2013, 272 ss.
Authors: Zielińska Anna
Published: January 2016

Review The basic aim of the book of Michał Głuszkowski Socjologia w badaniach dwujęzyczności (Eng. Sociology in Bilingualism Research), is to describe theoretical reasons for the use of sociology in bilingualism research. The author proposes several of sociological theories which are adequate for language contact research. RecenzjaKsiążka Michała Głuszkowskiego Socjologia w badaniach dwujęzyczności, wydana przez Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w roku 2013 jest pierwszą w Polsce teoretyczną rozprawą omawiającą kierunki i rozwój badań nad dwujęzycznością w językoznawstwie światowym. Autor skoncentrował się na aspektach socjologicznych, dokonując przeglądu literatury światowej pod kątem uwzględniania wpływu czynników pozajęzykowych na strukturę języków funkcjonujących w kontakcie. Książka składa się z trzech głównych rozdziałów (rozdział I: „Teoretyczne podstawy dla wykorzystania teorii socjologicznych w badaniach dwujęzyczności”, rozdział II: „Socjologiczne uzupełnienie teorii kontaktów językowych”, rozdział III: „Teoria a praktyka. Przykłady zastosowania teorii socjologicznych w badaniach nad dwujęzycznością”), wstępu, zakończenia, streszczeń w językach rosyjskim i angielskim oraz bibliografii.
O języku, dawnych czasach i obrzędach w okolicach Mejkszt na Litwie
Authors: Rutkowska Krystyna
Published: January 2016

The language, history and ceremonies in the area of Meikštai in Lithuania This publication is a report of the field studies carried out in July 2000 in the Smalvos area in Lithuania. This area is characterized by historically shaped multilingualism, where Lithuanian, Polish and Russian Old Believers’ villages are adjacent. Also frequent are contacts between local residents with family or friends who live in Belarus. As a result, the inhabitants of these villages are familiar with four languages: Polish, Lithuanian, Russian, and Belarusian dialect. The Polish villages preserved the basic Polish language which is used by all three generations as a home language, while in the external contacts other language varieties can be used.The ongoing research was not only aimed at examination of the language of these areas but also at documentation of very diverse cultural layers, therefore rites, customs and folk songs were recorded. Many different questionnaires were used in the study – linguistic, ethno-linguistic and social-linguistic. The source text in the book consists of stories kept in historical and ethnographic character, basic features of the informer, who represents a Smalvos variety of the Polish language in Lithuania, have been preserved in the phonetic record. O języku, dawnych czasach i obrzędach w okolicach Mejkszt na LitwieW publikacji przedstawione są teksty nagrane w lipcu 2000 r. podczas badań terenowych na obszarze smołwieńskim polszczyzny północnokresowej. Pochodzą one od informatorki ze wsi Mejkszty (lit. Meikštai). Wieś jest położona w rejonie ignalińskim (lit. Ignalinos rajonas), na samej granicy z Białorusią. Teren ten charakteryzuje się historycznie ukształtowaną wielojęzycznością, gdzie sąsiadują ze sobą wsie litewskie, polskie i staroobrzędowców. Częste są też kontakty miejscowych mieszkańców z rodziną lub znajomymi, mieszkającymi na Białorusi. Mieszkańcy tych miejscowości znają cztery języki: polski, litewski, rosyjski i gwarę białoruską. W zachowanych wsiach polskich kodem podstawowym pozostaje dotychczas polszczyzna, której używa się we wszystkich trzech pokoleniach jako języka domowego, natomiast w kontaktach zewnętrznych mogą być używane pozostałe odmiany językowe.Badania miały na celu nie tylko odnotowanie języka używanego w tych miejscowości, lecz też udokumentowanie bardzo zróżnicowanej warstwy kulturowej, dlatego też nagrywano opowieści o obrzędach, zwyczajach, a także pieśni ludowe. W trakcie badań stosowano różnorodne kwestionariusze – językowe, socjolingwistyczne i etnolingwistyczne. Przedstawiony tekst składa się z opowiadań o charakterze historycznym i etnograficznym. W zapisie półfonetycznym zachowano podstawowe cechy języka informatorki, który reprezentuje odmianę smołwieńską polszczyzny na Litwie.
Nowe sposoby opracowania pruskiego dziedzictwa językowego przez bałtystów litewskich
Authors: Rutkowska Krystyna
Published: January 2016

New ways to develop the linguistic heritage of Prussia by Lithuanian Baltists The text presents database related to Prussian language heritage. Lithuanian Baltists created this database for the purpose of providing access for a wide circle of researchers to both the Prussian language texts and research compilations. Vytautas Maziulis’ etymological dictionary of the Prussian language is available on the pages of database. Nowe sposoby opracowania pruskiego dziedzictwa językowego przez bałtystów litewskich Tekst prezentuje bazę danych, dotyczącą pruskiego dziedzictwa językowego. Baza została stworzona przez bałtystów litewskich w celu udostępnienia szerokim kręgom badaczy zarówno tekstów w języku pruskim, jak i opracowań naukowych. Na stronach bazy można korzystać ze Słownika etymologicznego języka pruskiego Vytautasa Mažiulisa.
Исследование о русских Литвы: XX–XXI вв.
Authors: Коницкая [Konickaja] Елена [Jelena]
Published: January 2016

Lietuvos rusai XX–XXI a. pradžioje: istorija, tapatybė,atmintis = Русские Литвы в XX–XXI вв.: история,идентичность, память: straipsnių rinkinys/sudarėGrigorijus Potašenko (ats. redaktorius), Pavel Lavrinec,Andrius Marcinkevičius; redaktorių kolegija: vyriausiasisredaktorius Vygintas Bronius Pšibilskis… [et. al.]. Вильнюс:Издательство Вильнюсского университета, 2013, 404 с. ReviewThe Research about Russians of Lithuania: 20th–21st centuriesThe review presents a monograph published in Vilnius in 2013. The book under review is important for studies of history, cultural history, identity of the Russian ethnic group in Lithuania in the last 100 years. Articles written in Russian and Lithuanian by historians G. Potashenko, A. Marcinkevičius, literary critic P. Lavrinets, sociologist M. Freyute-Rakauskene provide detailed analysis of complex processes of formation of the modern ethnic group of Russian in Lithuania which is heterogeneous in historical memory, views, ideology, and, being the third largest ethnic group in Lithuania (almost 6%), plays a prominent role in today’s society. RecenzjaStudia o Rosjanach Litwy: XX–XXI w.Recenzja omawia wydaną w 2013 r. na Uniwersytecie Wileńskim monografię, ważną z punktu widzenia badań nad historią, historią kultury i tożsamością rosyjskiej grupy etnicznej na Litwie z perspektywy ostatnich stu lat. Napisane w języku rosyjskim oraz litewskim artykuły historyków G. Potaszenki, A. Marcinkevičiusa, literaturoznawcy P. Ławrinca, socjolożki M. Freyute-Rakauskene zawierają szczegółową analizę skomplikowanych procesów kształtowania się współczesnej, niejednorodnej pod względem pamięci historycznej i światopoglądu, ideologii rosyjskiej grupy etnicznej na Litwie. Będąc trzecią pod względem liczebności grupą etniczną Litwy (prawie 6%) odgrywa ona ważną rolę we współczesnym społeczeństwie litewskim.
Sovereign Debt, Migration Pressure, and Government Survival
Authors: Bernhard William T. , Leblang David
Published: January 2016

As soon as the sovereign debt crisis began, it was widely understood that Germany’s response would dictate its ultimate resolution. Whereas the initial round of bailouts stabilized markets and preserved the Euro, the purpose of the second Greek bailout is less clear. We argue that the German government’s decision to support a second Greek bailout reflected domestic political calculations. While a bailout would involve short-term political costs, Merkel’s government also recognized the social and economic consequences of potential Greek default. In particular, a default entailed the prospect of a massive inflow of migrants from Southern Europe into Germany, which would have hurt labor markets and, in turn, could have cost Merkel’s coalition electoral support. To evaluate the political, economic, and social costs of the second Greek bailout, we use models of credit default swap spreads, studies of international migration, and research on vote intention.
Social Pointillism and Starry Nights: Making Points to Make Connections in the Sudanese Civil War
Authors: Reyna Stephen
Published: January 2016

The Pointillists – notably Georges Seurat and Paul Signac – were à la mode in the late 19th century. Their paintings relied upon a brushwork that placed points of colour to construct their representations. These points were placed such that when looked at as a whole they revealed a picture of some reality. This article argues the possibility of social pointillism, where the picture one is attempting to paint is of what happens in global social realities. Points in pointillism were daubs of colour. They painted pictures on canvases. Points in social pointillism are forces with powers. They create analytic canvases that reveal fields of power in the starry nights of human being. In order to make this argument, discussion begins at the Otello restaurant; proceeds to presentation of social pointillism; explains how social pointillism is relevant to a starry night ontology, and ends by identifying a virtue of employing such pointillism to paint pictures of starry nights.
Normative Power Europe through trade: Vietnamese perceptions
Authors: Hoang Ha Hai
Published: January 2016

This article considers the perception of Normative Power Europe (NPE) through the eyes of Vietnam, measuring the degree to which an actor can successfully pursue a normative foreign policy. This article attempts to demonstrate that discussion on the European Union’s (EU) normative identity should include an investigation into the external perceptions of the EU. To become an NPE, the EU’s external partners should recognise it as a holder of norms and values, appreciate its role as a norm-diffuser and perceive the attractiveness of its norms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Vietnamese government officials with professional experience in the field of trade relations with the EU to assess non-EU state elites’ perceptions of the EU’s identity. Vietnam’s policy-makers tend to acknowledge the norms that constitute the EU’s normative foundation, with particularly high consensus on those concerning economic liberalism. The EU’s economic and social norms are to some extent attractive for Vietnam and thus able to be adopted and adapted to the Vietnamese context.
An IRT Modeling Approach for Assessing Item and Person Discrimination in Binary Personality Responses
Authors: Ferrando Pere J.
Published: January 2016

Conventional item response theory (IRT) modeling of personality responses considers two item characteristics—location and discrimination—but only one person characteristic—location or trait level. An IRT modeling approach that jointly considers item and person discriminations, however, is thought to be more realistic and appropriate in this domain and has several potential advantages. This article develops a model of this type for unidimensional binary responses together with procedures for estimating item and person parameters and assessing model appropriateness (including person fit). A series of preliminary simulations suggests that the approach is feasible, and a real-data example illustrates the potential advantages with respect to the standard two-parameter model. Limitations of the proposal and further work are also discussed.
Employee Volunteering
Authors: Rodell Jessica B. , Breitsohl Heiko , Schröder Melanie , Keating David J.
Published: January 2016

Employee volunteering is a topic of growing importance in workplaces around the globe. Likewise, research on employee volunteering has seen a marked increase over the past decade, particularly in leading management and psychology outlets. Despite this increasing visibility, there is little consensus on the state of the literature or directions for the future. In particular, research is currently based on a variety of different definitions and operationalizations and is spread across several disciplines. In order to advance management research on employee volunteering, this review focuses on three contributions: (1) clarifying the definition and various forms of employee volunteering, (2) reviewing the current body of knowledge on employee volunteering, and (3) providing a future research agenda for the role of employee volunteering in the workplace.
Questions About Questionable Research Practices in the Field of Management
Authors: Banks George C. , O’Boyle Ernest H. , Pollack Jeffrey M. , White Charles D. , Batchelor John H. , Whelpley Christopher E. , Abston Kristie A. , Bennett Andrew A. , Adkins Cheryl L.
Published: January 2016

The discussion regarding questionable research practices (QRPs) in management as well as the broader natural and social sciences has increased substantially in recent years. Despite the attention, questions remain regarding research norms and the implications for both theoretical and practical advancements. The aim of the current article is to address these issues in a question-and-answer format while drawing upon both past research and the results of a series of new studies conducted using a mixed-methods design. Our goal is to encourage a systematic, collegial, and constructive dialogue regarding QRPs in management research.
Minding the Gap: Networks of Animal Welfare Service Provision
Authors: Reese Laura A. , Ye Minting
Published: January 2016

This research focuses on public service provision in the context of an important emerging urban policy issue: increasing numbers of roaming animals in distressed cities in the United States. The case of urban animal welfare policy illustrates a policy domain that relies heavily on informal networks of nonprofit organizations for service provision. How these networks function and the interaction between nonprofit and public entities says much about how cities will be able to respond to increasingly changing policy environments. Based on survey and network analysis of organizations involved in animal welfare service provision in Detroit, the following conclusions are drawn: Urban animal welfare services are much broader than simple animal “control” and encompass the physical, behavioral, and emotional well-being of animals; less common aspects of animal welfare services evidence the highest levels of cooperation; a fragmented network of nonprofit rescues and public entities is providing animal welfare services in the City of Detroit although nonprofit providers dominate; and collaborative service networks vary greatly in size, density, and composition depending on different aspects of services provided.
Gene–Environment Correlation Between the Dopamine Transporter Gene (DAT1) Polymorphism and Childhood Experiences of Abuse
Authors: Rehan Wail , Antfolk Jan , Johansson Ada , Aminoff Merike , Sandnabba N. Kenneth , Westberg Lars , Santtila Pekka
Published: January 2016

In the present study, we investigated the possible gene–environment correlation between the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) polymorphism and childhood experiences of abuse and neglect. Genetic information was obtained from 1,442 male and 2,178 female twins and their siblings drawn from a Finnish population-based sample. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire was used to measure the childhood experiences of abuse and neglect. In men, the DAT1 polymorphism was associated with having experienced sexual abuse in childhood, such that men with the 9R9R genotype reported less sexual abuse experiences than men with the 9R10R or the 10R10R genotypes. In women, there was an association between the DAT1 polymorphism and childhood experiences of emotional abuse, such that women with the 9R9R genotype reported less emotional abuse experiences than women with the 9R10R or 10R10R genotypes. No other associations between the DAT1 polymorphism and childhood experiences of abuse and neglect were found. In sum, the results suggested that some genetic components might predispose children to experience childhood abuse and neglect. Possible reasons for this association were discussed.
Anxious and Hostile: Consequences of Anxious Adult Attachment in Predicting Male-Perpetrated Sexual Assault
Authors: Barbaro Nicole , Parkhill Michele R. , Nguyen David
Published: January 2016

Attachment theory has increasingly been utilized to understand the etiology of sexual violence, and anxious attachment appears to be especially informative in this domain. We investigate the influence of general anxious attachment and specific anxious attachment on hostile masculine attitudes to predict male-perpetrated sexual assault. We hypothesize that hostile masculinity will mediate the relationship between general anxious attachment style and sexual assault perpetration (Hypothesis 1) and the relationship between specific anxious attachment to the assaulted woman and sexual assault perpetration (Hypothesis 2). Men ( N = 193) completed the Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) to determine sexual assault history and completed measures of general attachment style, specific attachment to the woman involved in the sexual activity, and measures of hostile masculine attitudes. Results support the hypothesized mediation models, such that general anxious attachment and specific anxious attachment are significantly associated with hostile masculinity, which in turn, predicts the likelihood of male-perpetrated sexual assault. The findings suggest that the unique characteristics of anxious attachment may escalate into hostile masculinity, which then increases the likelihood of sexual assault perpetration. This research is the first to investigate attachment bonds to the woman involved in the sexual activity and likelihood of sexual assault perpetration against the same woman.
Corporate Governance and Earnings Management: A Case of Karachi Stock Exchange Listed Companies
Authors: Iqbal Amjad , Zhang Xianzhi , Jebran Khalil
Published: January 2016

The prime aim of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate governance practices on earnings management. We employed fixed effect estimators on a sample of 89 non-financial companies listed on KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange), for the period 2003–2012. Corporate governance has been quantified through its four different practices (namely, board size, managerial ownership, CEO–chair duality, and audit committee independence) whereas discretionary accruals have been used as a proxy for measuring earnings management and are calculated through modified Jones model developed by Dechow, Sloan and Sweeney (1995). The empirical findings are quite in line with the philosophy of corporate governance. Audit committee independence and earnings management are negatively correlated. Similarly, CEO–chair duality is positively associated with earnings management. However, two of the corporate governance variables (i.e., board size and managerial ownership) are found insignificantly related to earnings management. The study contributes in general to the existing literature on corporate governance and earnings management by examining their relationship; that corporate governance is negatively associated with earnings management. The study contributes specifically by evidencing that in developing countries like Pakistan, where the interest war is more prominent among the minority shareholder and controlling shareholders than among management and owners, corporate governance is playing an effective role to overcome these problems.
Institutional Ownership and Earnings Management in India
Authors: Ajay Ranjitha , Madhumathi R.
Published: January 2016

Influence of institutional ownership has been hypothesised to efficiently monitor the managerial decisions especially discretionary role of managers in reporting earnings. The managers have been found to misrepresent the quality of earnings for a dividend declaration; new issue; takeovers and for affirming debt holders of their financial position. Panel data methodology focusing on firms listed in CNX 500 in National Stock Exchange empirically examines the impact of institutional ownership on the earnings management practices in India. Earnings management is measured using discretionary accounting accruals. Firms with higher institutional holdings are found to have higher earnings quality thus restricting managers from using their discretionary powers to report earnings. Institutional ownership has a negative relationship with earnings management for larger and matured firms. Growing firms are found to be having higher earnings management. Institutional investors monitor the firms and hence reduce aggressive earnings management practices within the firm. Foreign institutional ownership also has a negative relationship with earnings management.
Diagnosis and management of lungworm infections in cats
Authors: Traversa Donato , Di Cesare Angela
Published: January 2016

Practical relevance:

Respiratory parasites infecting domestic cats are attracting increased attention in feline clinical practice. In addition to the most commonly recognised ‘cat lungworm’ Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, Troglostrongylus brevior and Capillaria aerophila are now considered important pathogens of the respiratory tract of cats.

Global importance:

These parasites are being increasingly diagnosed in several regions of the world and a continuous update on epidemiological changes and advances in diagnosis and control is of practical importance.

Aims:

This article reviews current knowledge of lungworms affecting cats, with a special focus on recent insights into diagnosis and management of the diseases they cause. The article also explores some potential new avenues for control of feline parasitic respiratory diseases, and highlights some key areas requiring further research.
Case-based clinical reasoning in feline medicine
Authors: Canfield Paul J , Whitehead Martin L , Johnson Robert , O’Brien Carolyn R , Malik Richard
Published: January 2016

Aim:

This is Article 1 of a three-part series on clinical reasoning that encourages practitioners to explore and understand how they think and make case-based decisions. It is hoped that, in the process, they will learn to trust their intuition but, at the same time, put in place safeguards to diminish the impact of bias and misguided logic on their diagnostic decision-making.

Series outline:

This first article discusses the relative merits and shortcomings of System 1 thinking (immediate and unconscious) and System 2 thinking (effortful and analytical). Articles 2 and 3, to appear in the March and May 2016 issues of JFMS, respectively, will examine managing cognitive error, and use of heuristics (mental short cuts) and illness scripts in diagnostic reasoning.
Noninfectious Granulomas
Authors: Shoimer Ilya , Wright Nicola , Haber Richard M.
Published: January 2016

Primary immunodeficiency disorders, such as ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), may rarely be associated with cutaneous granulomas without an identifiable infection. The authors report a case of a 3-year-old boy with A-T who presented with two persistent ulcerated erythematous nodules. Histopathology was consistent with a granulomatous process secondary to A-T, without an infectious origin. Partial improvement was noted with clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream applied twice daily under occlusion. Of note, the presence of multiple noninfectious granulomas in a child may be the initial sign of an immune deficiency and should alert the astute clinician to investigate for an underlying primary immunodeficiency. Herein, the authors discuss the associations of noninfectious granulomas and primary immunodeficiency disorders and present management options for these difficult-to-treat lesions.
Excision of Large Lipomas Using Tumescent Local Anesthesia
Authors: Morioka Daichi , Sato Nobuhiro , Ohkubo Fumio
Published: January 2016

Background:

Many large lipomas are removed under general anesthesia, because more local anesthesia than is safe to inject may be required for complete excision of such large tumors.

Methods:

The authors performed total excision using tumescent local anesthesia in an outpatient clinic for 23 patients with solitary large lipomas.

Results:

The longest diameter of the lesions on magnetic resonance imaging ranged from 10 to 22 cm. Mean length of the skin incision was 4.8 cm, and 56 mL of the tumescent solution on average was used for each patient. The postoperative courses of all patients, except for 1 patient who developed a hematoma, were uneventful.

Conclusions:

With judicious patient selection after physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging findings, total excision of large lipomas under tumescent local anesthesia can be performed safely in an outpatient setting.
Interobserver reliability of teledermatology across all Fitzpatrick skin types
Authors: Altieri Lisa , Hu Jenny , Nguyen Andrew , Cockburn Myles , Chiu Melvin , Cotliar Jonathan , Kim Jenny , Peng David , Crew Ashley
Published: January 2016

Introduction

Demand for dermatologic services in safety net hospitals, which disproportionately serve patients with darker coloured skin, is growing. Teledermatology has the potential to increase access and improve outcomes, but studies have yet to demonstrate the reliability of teledermatology for all Fitzpatrick skin types.

Methods

We assessed the reliability of teledermatologists’ diagnoses and management recommendations for store-and-forward teledermatology in patients with lightly pigmented (Fitzpatrick skin types I–III) versus darkly pigmented (Fitzpatrick skin types IV–VI) skin, when compared to in-person diagnosis and management decisions. This prospective study enrolled 232 adult patients, presenting with new, visible skin complaints in a Los Angeles county dermatology clinic. Forty-seven percent of patients were Fitzpatrick skin types I–III, and 53% were Fitzpatrick skin types IV–VI.

Results

Percent concordance for the identical primary diagnosis was 53.2% in lighter (Fitzpatrick I–III) skin types and 56.0% in darker (Fitzpatrick IV–VI) skin types. There was no statistically significant difference in concordance rates between lighter and darker skin types for primary diagnosis. Concordance rates for diagnostic testing, clinic-based therapy, and treatments were similar in both groups of Fitzpatrick skin types.

Discussion

These results suggest that teledermatology is reliable for the diagnosis and management of patients with all Fitzpatrick skin types.
Biaxial weft-knitted fabrics as composite reinforcements: A review
Authors: Hasani Hossein , Hassanzadeh Sanaz , Abghary Mohammad Javad , Omrani Elahe
Published: January 2016

Textile products are considered as an acceptable alternative for commonly used composite reinforcement due to their lightweight as well as relatively high specific strength and stiffness. Among the variety of textile structures which could be employed in composite manufacturing, the role of weft-knitted fabrics is almost very limited. This is because employing the weft-knitting technology would provide such structures with inferior mechanical properties due to their highly looped construction as well as low fiber volume fraction. But on other hand, it is important to be noted that some advantages such as high energy absorption, good impact resistance, and formability of knitted structures made the researchers to focus on investigating different methods by which the inferior mechanical properties of ordinary weft-knitted fabrics could be improved. Inserting the reinforcing yarns through the warp and weft direction of the knitted fabrics is considered as one of the effective solution for improving their mechanical behavior which eventually leads to a high potential product called as biaxial weft-knitted fabrics. In this literature, it is aimed to review different aspects of novel designed biaxial weft-knitted fabrics which could be suitable for a broad area of technical application such as composite reinforcements.
Physical Activity Level Is Associated With Maintaining Anthropometric Improvements Among Participants in a Worksite Wellness Program
Authors: Wanik Jillian A. , Marcus Andrea F. , Radler Diane R. , Byham-Gray Laura D. , Touger-Decker Riva
Published: January 2016

Background. Physical activity (PA) can facilitate weight loss, help avoid weight regain, and improve body composition. This study examined the relationships between PA level and changes in anthropometric measures among university employees in a worksite wellness program. Methods. A registered dietitian provided individualized assessments at baseline followed by a 12-week education intervention with follow-up at 12 and 26 weeks. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form was used to calculate PA ≤150 or ≥150 min/wk, median min/wk, and metabolic equivalent of task (MET) min/wk at each time point. Repeated-measures general linear model and nonparametric tests were used to assess significant differences over time. Results. Of the 64 participants, 89% were women and 50% were non-Hispanic white. At 12 and 26 weeks, participants experienced significant decreases in weight (P = .001). Among women, waist circumference and abdominal obesity decreased significantly (P < .01). PA ≥150 min/wk (n = 21) was associated with continued weight loss (P = .03) and decreases in body fat percentage (P = .02) between 12 and 26 weeks whereas PA ≤150 min/wk was associated with weight and body fat percentage regain during the same time period. Conclusion. Among women in a worksite wellness program, higher levels of PA were associated with avoiding weight and body fat regain following successful loss.
On preventive maintenance of systems subject to shocks
Authors: Finkelstein Maxim , Gertsbakh Ilya
Published: January 2016

A system of identical components is subject to an external shock process, described by the number of shocks in each time interval. Each shock destroys one of the components with probability p and has no effect on a system with probability [Formula: see text]. Signatures are defined and used for description of the system’s structure and for dealing with the corresponding optimal maintenance problems. Two optimal maintenance strategies are discussed. The first strategy is based on the obtained optimal number of a shock, after which the maintenance is performed unless the failure of a whole system occurs earlier. In the latter case the system is replaced. The second strategy is periodic when preventive maintenance is performed periodically with respect to the observed shock numbers. Several numerical examples are presented.
Energy drinks in the Gulf Cooperation Council states: A review
Authors: Alhyas Layla , El Kashef Ahmed , AlGhaferi Hamad
Published: January 2016

Energy drinks have become a popular beverage worldwide. This review was carried out to have an overview among adolescents and emerging adults in the Gulf Co-operation Council states about energy drinks consumption rates and other related issues such as starting age and patterns of energy drink consumption.

The Medline and Embase databases were searched separately using different terms such as energy drinks, energy beverages, and caffeinated drinks. Data related to the rates of energy drinks use were entered in STATA for statistical analysis. Then, these data were used to conduct meta-analysis to estimate the rate of energy drink consumption. Overall, meta-analysis results showed that the estimated rates of energy drinks consumption is 46.9% (95% CIs, 33.2 −66.1; nine studies) with I-square 3.7%. Findings indicated that individuals start to consume energy drinks at approximately 16 years old, and males were found to consume energy drinks more frequently than females. Results from this review carry several recommendations for policy and enforcement, public education and research that can help policy and decision makers to achieve the goal of safer use of energy drinks.
Effects of a nutritional intervention program based on the self-determination theory and promoting the Mediterranean diet
Authors: Leblanc Vicky , Bégin Catherine , Hudon Anne-Marie , Royer Marie-Michelle , Corneau Louise , Dodin Sylvie , Lemieux Simone
Published: January 2016

Our objective was to determine gender differences in the impact of a nutritional intervention based on the self-determination theory and promoting the Mediterranean diet on changes in eating-related self-determined motivation and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Changes in eating-related self-determined motivation were larger in men than in women in response to the intervention and at follow-up, but the magnitude of change decreased with time in both genders. Changes in eating-related self-determined motivation were positively associated with changes in the Mediterranean diet adherence in response to the intervention and at follow-up in men only, suggesting that the nutritional program seems to fit better men than women.
Clinical Profile of Pediatric Neurological Disorders
Authors: Mohamed Inaam Noureldyme , Elseed Maha Abdelmoneum , Hamed Ahlam Abdalrhman
Published: January 2016

Background:

There is no available data from Sudan reflecting the magnitude of the neurological disorders and disabilities in the pediatric age-group. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of neurological disorders among Sudanese children.

Patients and Methods:

This is a retrospective survey of children with epilepsy and other neurodisability disorders seen at pediatric neurology outpatient clinic, during the period from January 2007 to August 2013. The data of 9600 patients were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 6019 patients were included in the study. The majority of the patients had epilepsy that amounted to 52.8%, followed by cerebral palsy (19.1%), congenital anomalies of the central nervous system (6.2%), neuromuscular disorders (3.2%), stroke (2.4%), ataxia and movement disorders (1.9%), assumed genetic syndromes (1.2%), and others.

Conclusion:

Neurological disorders constitute a major cause of chronic morbidity in pediatric age-group.
Editorial: White blood cells matter in neonatal white-matter injury
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Mallard Carina
Published: January 2016

Discussion on the relationship between neonatal white-matter injury and white cells per the development of effective neuroprotective interventions in newborns.
Inexhaustible Sound and Fiduciary Aurality
Authors: Cimini Amy , Moreno Jairo
Published: January 2016

Music, sound, and aurality appear to be valuable for their inexhaustibility. With the notion of fiduciary aurality, we assess how this inexhaustibility is both mobilized and attenuated when music and sound are presumed to work on behalf of politics. In the early 1990s, critical musicology's appeal to the performative as embodied knowledge and a more recent “affective turn” reveals fiduciary aurality to rely on two posits: first, a quasi realism that links aurality with a given but unexamined and nonnegotiable object, and second, a relationality wherein aurality harnesses that object to procure a particular good for the listener. Linking these cases through Maurice Merleau-Ponty's late formulation of the perceptual faith, we consider how faith in aesthesis, music, and the scenification of aesthetic experiences structures music studies' political aspirations as fiduciary wagers.
The Sound of the Outside
Authors: Waltham-Smith Naomi
Published: January 2016

What is at stake when the sonorous becomes a condition of possibility for a concept of community? Exploring the ex(ap)propriation of the sonic that takes places at the threshold between the refusal of presence in French deconstruction (Derrida, Nancy) and the refusal of biopolitics in recent Italian thought (Agamben, Negri, Virno), this essay proposes that, insofar as sound always-already goes beyond and outside itself, it provides a model for subtractive ontologies that resists both any notion of particular identity and criterion of communal belonging. The ontological-political potential of the sonic presupposes a division that inheres within aurality between the ear and the voice: between the resonant spacing that is Nancy's being-with and the sonorous residue of the capacity not to speak in Agamben. This leads to asking what form of politics can emerge if an unheard audibility is set alongside a sounding unsayability in the closest, yet irreparably disjunct, intimacy.
NATO's Worrisome Authoritarian Storm Clouds
Authors: Carpenter Ted Galen
Published: January 2016

Western leaders portray the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a league of democratic nations as well as a security alliance. Although the organization tolerated illiberal members during the Cold War, it would be more than a little embarrassing to have an outright autocracy emerge in NATO's ranks today. Yet worrisome manifestations of authoritarianism and intolerance have surfaced in several members. Two NATO countries, Hungary and Turkey, have engaged in repeated autocratic behavior reminiscent of Vladimir Putin's regime in Russia. Such developments provide yet another reason why US policymakers should reconsider America's continuing role as NATO's leader.
A New Partnership in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Growing Relations between Israel and Greece
Authors: Agdemir A. Murat
Published: January 2016

There have been important changes in the politics of the eastern Mediterranean since the discovery of energy resources and the disintegration of Turkish-Israeli relations. Israel upgraded its relationship with Greece and Cyprus after its ties with Turkey deteriorated. Since shortly after the 2010 Mavi Marmara incident, the widening divergence in interests between Turkey and Israel have provided the geopolitical impetus for the development of a rapprochement between Greece and Israel. While political, military, and economic cooperation, in particular, between Israel and Greece have significantly developed, the relations have also blossomed over mutual concern about the energy resources in the eastern Mediterranean. This essay examines the burgeoning relationship between Israel and Greece since 2010 and considers whether this relationship constitutes an important strategic alliance in the eastern Mediterranean.
“Our Most Dependable Allies”: Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the Eisenhower Doctrine, 1956–1958
Authors: Brew Gregory
Published: January 2016

From January 1957 to August 1958, US policy in the Middle East was guided by the Eisenhower Doctrine. A key facet of the doctrine was the creation of a coalition of conservative Arab states to oppose the influence of Egyptian president Gamel Abdul Nasser. The region's major conservative states, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, played prominent roles in the implementation of the Eisenhower Doctrine, yet while US policymakers were eager to mold King Saud bin Abdulaziz al-Saud into a regional leader, they were decidedly ambivalent toward the ambitions of the Hashemite regime in Iraq and skeptical of its long-term viability.
The AP-1 transcription factor component Fosl2 potentiates the rate of myocardial differentiation from the zebrafish second heart field
Authors: Jahangiri Leila , Sharpe Michka , Novikov Natasha , González-Rosa Juan Manuel , Borikova Asya , Nevis Kathleen , Paffett-Lugassy Noelle , Zhao Long , Adams Meghan , Guner-Ataman Burcu , Burns Caroline E. , Burns C. Geoffrey
Published: January 2016

The vertebrate heart forms through successive phases of cardiomyocyte differentiation. Initially, cardiomyocytes derived from first heart field (FHF) progenitors assemble the linear heart tube. Thereafter, second heart field (SHF) progenitors differentiate into cardiomyocytes that are accreted to the poles of the heart tube over a well-defined developmental window. Although heart tube elongation deficiencies lead to life-threatening congenital heart defects, the variables controlling the initiation, rate and duration of myocardial accretion remain obscure. Here, we demonstrate that the AP-1 transcription factor, Fos-like antigen 2 (Fosl2), potentiates the rate of myocardial accretion from the zebrafish SHF. fosl2 mutants initiate accretion appropriately, but cardiomyocyte production is sluggish, resulting in a ventricular deficit coupled with an accumulation of SHF progenitors. Surprisingly, mutant embryos eventually correct the myocardial deficit by extending the accretion window. Overexpression of Fosl2 also compromises production of SHF-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes, a phenotype that is consistent with precocious depletion of the progenitor pool. Our data implicate Fosl2 in promoting the progenitor to cardiomyocyte transition and uncover the existence of regulatory mechanisms to ensure appropriate SHF-mediated cardiomyocyte contribution irrespective of embryonic stage.
The life cycle of a genome project: perspectives and guidelines inspired by insect genome projects
Authors: Papanicolaou Alexie
Published: January 2016

Many research programs on non-model species biology have been empowered by genomics. In turn, genomics is underpinned by a reference sequence and ancillary information created by so-called “genome projects”. The most reliable genome projects are the ones created as part of an active research program and designed to address specific questions but their life extends past publication. In this opinion paper I outline four key insights that have facilitated maintaining genomic communities: the key role of computational capability, the iterative process of building genomic resources, the value of community participation and the importance of manual curation. Taken together, these ideas can and do ensure the longevity of genome projects and the growing non-model species community can use them to focus a discussion with regards to its future genomic infrastructure.
Intra-articular infusion
Authors: Whiteside L. A. , Roy M. E. , Nayfeh T. A.
Published: January 2016

Bactericidal levels of antibiotics are difficult to achieve in infected total joint arthroplasty when intravenous antibiotics or antibiotic-loaded cement spacers are used, but intra-articular (IA) delivery of antibiotics has been effective in several studies. This paper describes a protocol for IA delivery of antibiotics in infected knee arthroplasty, and summarises the results of a pharmacokinetic study and two clinical follow-up studies of especially difficult groups: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and failed two-stage revision. In the pharmacokinetic study, the mean synovial vancomycin peak level was 9242 (3956 to 32 150; sd 7608 μg/mL) among the 11 patients studied. Serum trough level ranged from 4.2 to 25.2 μg/mL (mean, 12.3 μg/mL; average of 9.6% of the joint trough value), which exceeded minimal inhibitory concentration. The success rate exceeded 95% in the two clinical groups. IA delivery of antibiotics is shown to be safe and effective, and is now the first option for treatment of infected total joint arthroplasty in our institution.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):31–6.
Is removal of the implants needed after fixation of burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine without fusion?
Authors: Chou P-H. , Ma H-L. , Liu C-L. , Wang S-T. , Lee O. K. , Chang M-C. , Yu W-K.
Published: January 2016

Methods

In this study of patients who underwent internal fixation without fusion for a burst thoracolumbar or lumbar fracture, we compared the serial changes in the injured disc height (DH), and the fractured vertebral body height (VBH) and kyphotic angle between patients in whom the implants were removed and those in whom they were not. Radiological parameters such as injured DH, fractured VBH and kyphotic angle were measured. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Greenough low back outcome scale and a VAS scale for pain.

Results

Between June 1996 and May 2012, 69 patients were analysed retrospectively; 47 were included in the implant removal group and 22 in the implant retention group. After a mean follow-up of 66 months (48 to 107), eight patients (36.3%) in the implant retention group had screw breakage. There was no screw breakage in the implant removal group. All radiological and functional outcomes were similar between these two groups. Although solid union of the fractured vertebrae was achieved, the kyphotic angle and the anterior third of the injured DH changed significantly with time (p < 0.05).

Discussion

The radiological and functional outcomes of both implant removal and retention were similar. Although screw breakage may occur, the implants may not need to be removed. Take home message: Implant removal may not be needed for patients with burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine after fixation without fusion. However, information should be provided beforehand regarding the possibility of screw breakage. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:109–16.
Manipulation and reduction of paediatric fractures of the distal radius and forearm using intranasal diamorphine and 50% oxygen and nitrous oxide in the emergency department
Authors: Kurien T. , Price K. R. , Pearson R. G. , Dieppe C. , Hunter J. B.
Published: January 2016

A retrospective study was performed in 100 children aged between two and 16 years, with a dorsally angulated stable fracture of the distal radius or forearm, who were treated with manipulation in the emergency department (ED) using intranasal diamorphine and 50% oxygen and nitrous oxide. Pre- and post-manipulation radiographs, the final radiographs and the clinical notes were reviewed. A successful reduction was achieved in 90 fractures (90%) and only three children (3%) required remanipulation and Kirschner wire fixation or internal fixation.

The use of Entonox and intranasal diamorphine is safe and effective for the closed reduction of a stable paediatric fracture of the distal radius and forearm in the ED.

By facilitating discharge on the same day, there is a substantial cost benefit to families and the NHS and we recommend this method.

Take home message: Simple easily reducible fractures of the distal radius and forearm in children can be successfully and safely treated in the ED using this approach, thus avoiding theatre admission and costly hospital stay.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;97-B:131–6.
Correcting deformity in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Mullaji A. B. , Shetty G. M.
Published: January 2016

Collateral ligament release is advocated in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to deal with significant coronal plane deformities, but is also associated with significant disadvantages.

We describe steps to avoid release of the collateral (superficial medial and lateral collateral) ligaments during TKA in severely deformed knees, while correcting deformity and balancing the knee.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):101–4.
Deep infection after hip arthroplasty
Authors: Whitehouse M. R. , Parry M. C. , Konan S. , Duncan C. P.
Published: January 2016

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) complicates between 0.5% and 1.2% primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and may have devastating consequences. The traditional assessment of patients suffering from PJI has involved the serological study of inflammatory markers and microbiological analysis of samples obtained from the joint space. Treatment has involved debridement and revision arthroplasty performed in either one or two stages.

We present an update on the burden of PJI, strategies for its diagnosis and treatment, the challenge of resistant organisms and the need for definitive evidence to guide the treatment of PJI after THA.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):27–30.