bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application and characterization of crude fungal lipases used to degrade fat and oil wastes
Authors: Alabdalall Amira Hassan , Al-Anazi Norah A. , Aldakheel Lena A. , Amer Fatma H. I. , Aldakheel Fatimah A. , Ababutain Ibtisam M. , Alghamdi Azzah I. , Al-Khaldi Eida M.
Published: October 2021

Aspergillus niger MH078571.1 and A. niger MH079049.1 were identified previously as the two highest Aspergillus niger strains producing lipase. Biochemical characterizations of lipase activity and stability for these two strains were examined and revealed that the optimal temperature is 45 °C at pH 8for A. niger MH078571.1 and 55 °C for MH079049.1. The lipase production of both strains was studied on medium contains waste oil, as a cheap source to reduce the industrial cost, showed that the optimal incubation period for the enzyme production is 3 days. Moreover, an experiment on lipase activates in organic solvents demonstrated that 50% of acetone is the best solvent for the two strains. In the presence of surfactants, 0.1% of tween 80 surfactant showed the best lipase activities. Furthermore, Mg2+ and Zn2+ ions enhanced the lipase activity of A. niger MH078571.1, while Na2+ and Cu2+ enhanced the enzyme activity of A. niger MH079049.1. Lipase activity was also tested for industrial applications such as integrating it with different detergents. Maximum lipase activity was obtained with 1% of Omo as a powder detergent for both strains. In liquid detergent, 0.1% of Fairy showed maximum lipase activity in A. niger MH078571.1, while the lipase in A. niger MH079049.1 was more effective in 1% of Lux. Moreover, the degradation of natural animal fat with crude enzyme was tested using chicken and sheep fats. The results showed that more than 90% of fats degraded after 5 days of the incubation period.
Quantum semi-supervised generative adversarial network for enhanced data classification
Authors: Nakaji Kouhei , Yamamoto Naoki
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose the quantum semi-supervised generative adversarial network (qSGAN). The system is composed of a quantum generator and a classical discriminator/classifier (D/C). The goal is to train both the generator and the D/C, so that the latter may get a high classification accuracy for a given dataset. Hence the qSGAN needs neither any data loading nor to generate a pure quantum state, implying that qSGAN is much easier to implement than many existing quantum algorithms. Also the generator can serve as a stronger adversary than a classical one thanks to its rich expressibility, and it is expected to be robust against noise. These advantages are demonstrated in a numerical simulation.
g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic effluents under sunlight
Authors: Vavilapalli Durga Sankar , Peri Raja Gopal , Sharma R. K. , Goutam U. K. , Muthuraaman B. , Ramachandra Rao M. S. , Singh Shubra
Published: October 2021

g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures were successfully prepared by incorporating g-C3N4 into Ca2Fe2O5 (CFO). As prepared g-C3N4/CFO heterostructures were initially utilized to photodegrade organic effluent Methylene blue (MB) for optimization of photodegradation performance. 50% g-C3N4 content in CFO composition showed an enhanced photodegradation efficiency (~ 96%) over g-C3N4 (48.15%) and CFO (81.9%) due to mitigation of recombination of photogenerated charge carriers by Type-II heterojunction. The optimized composition of heterostructure was further tested for degradation of Bisphenol-A (BPA) under direct sunlight, exhibiting enhanced photodegradation efficiency of about 63.1% over g-C3N4 (17%) and CFO (45.1%). The photoelectrochemical studies at various potentials with and without light illumination showed significant improvement in photocurrent response for g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures (~ 1.9 mA) over CFO (~ 67.4 μA). These studies revealed efficient solar energy harvesting ability of g-C3N4/Ca2Fe2O5 heterostructures to be utilized for organic effluent treatment.
Subdiffraction-resolution fluorescence imaging of immunological synapse formation between NK cells and A. fumigatus by expansion microscopy
Authors: Trinks Nora , Reinhard Sebastian , Drobny Matthias , Heilig Linda , Löffler Jürgen , Sauer Markus , Terpitz Ulrich
Published: October 2021

Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables super-resolution fluorescence imaging on standard microscopes by physical expansion of the sample. However, the investigation of interactions between different organisms such as mammalian and fungal cells by ExM remains challenging because different cell types require different expansion protocols to ensure identical, ideally isotropic expansion of both partners. Here, we introduce an ExM method that enables super-resolved visualization of the interaction between NK cells and Aspergillus fumigatus hyphae. 4-fold expansion in combination with confocal fluorescence imaging allows us to resolve details of cytoskeleton rearrangement as well as NK cells’ lytic granules triggered by contact with an RFP-expressing A. fumigatus strain. In particular, subdiffraction-resolution images show polarized degranulation upon contact formation and the presence of LAMP1 surrounding perforin at the NK cell-surface post degranulation. Our data demonstrate that optimized ExM protocols enable the investigation of immunological synapse formation between two different species with so far unmatched spatial resolution.
Diurnal expansion and contraction of englacial fracture networks revealed by seismic shear wave splitting
Authors: Gajek Wojciech , Gräff Dominik , Hellmann Sebastian , Rempel Alan W. , Walter Fabian
Published: October 2021

Fractures contribute to bulk elastic anisotropy of many materials in the Earth. This includes glaciers and ice sheets, whose fracture state controls the routing of water to the base and thus large-scale ice flow. Here we use anisotropy-induced shear wave splitting to characterize ice structure and probe subsurface water drainage beneath a seismometer network on an Alpine glacier. Shear wave splitting observations reveal diurnal variations in S-wave anisotropy up to 3%. Our modelling shows that when elevated by surface melt, subglacial water pressures induce englacial hydrofractures whose volume amounts to 1-2 percent of the probed ice mass. While subglacial water pressures decrease, these fractures close and no fracture-induced anisotropy variations are observed in the absence of meltwater. Consequently, fracture networks, which are known to dominate englacial water drainage, are highly dynamic and change their volumes by 90-180 % over subdaily time scales.
Nucleic acid-based molecular computation heads towards cellular applications
Authors: Chen Lanlan , Chen Wanzhen , Liu Guo , Li Jingying , Lu Chunhua , Li Juan , Tan Weihong , Yang Huanghao
Published: October 2021

Nucleic acid-based molecular computation for cellular applications, including specific interactions with cell surface proteins, biosensing, mimicking cellular behaviors, and engineering cellular functions.
Multifunctional magnetic nanoparticle cloud assemblies for in situ capture of bacteria and isolation of microbial DNA
Authors: Poncelet Lucas , Malic Lidija , Clime Liviu , Geissler Matthias , Morton Keith J. , Nassif Christina , Da Fonte Dillon , Veilleux Gaétan , Veres Teodor
Published: October 2021

Suspended magnetic nanoparticle assemblies forming between magnetized micropillars are used as a multifunctional capture matrix for Escherichia coli O157:H7 and in-flow extraction of microbial DNA released upon bacterial lysis.
Rapid determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim illegally added to health products using excitation–emission matrix fluorescence coupled with the second-order calibration method
Authors: Chen Lu-Zhu , Wu Hai-Long , Long Wan-Jun , Wang Tong , Tong Gao-Yan , Yu Ru-Qin
Published: October 2021

A smart chemometrics-assisted EEM fluorescence method is presented for the quantification of SMZ and TMP illegally added to health products. The satisfactory results confirmed that the proposed method is a fast, accurate, and green strategy.
Bacteria repellent protein hydrogel decorated with tunable, isotropic, nano-on-micro hierarchical microbump array
Authors: Tian Lei , He Leon , Jackson Kyle , Mahabir Randi , Hosseinidoust Zeinab
Published: October 2021

Antifouling hierarchical microbumps on BSA hydrogels are fabricated by inducing homogeneous nanogels inside the microbumps. The resulted hierarchical surface shows bacterial repellency 100 times stronger than a flat or reverse-microbump surface.
Low-temperature topotactic oxidation using the solid-state oxidant Zr-doped CeO2
Authors: Abe Masanagi , Kawasoko Hideyuki , Fukumura Tomoteru
Published: October 2021

Zr-doped CeO2 is an efficient solid-state oxidant for topotactic oxidation to make Y2O2Bi superconducting with the highest transition temperature.
A self-sacrifice template strategy to synthesize Co-LDH/MXene for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Chenyang , Dai Zhiqiang , Liu Wei , Kantichaimongkol Pongsakorn , Yu Pengfei , Pattananuwat Prasit , Qin Jiaqian , Zhang Xinyu
Published: October 2021

A hybrid Co-LDH/MXene is synthesized through a facile water washing method and applied as a good anode for Li-ion batteries.
In situ growth of MOFs on Ni(OH)2 for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Gong Wanbing , Zhang Jifang , Wang Guozhong , Zhang Haimin , Zhao Huijun
Published: October 2021

A MOF modification approach is proposed to effectively suppress the oxygen evolution reaction for the electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid with 100% yield and faradaic efficiency.
Amidinium⋯carboxylate frameworks: predictable, robust, water-stable hydrogen bonded materials
Authors: White Nicholas G.
Published: October 2021

This feature article describes the development of hydrogen bonded frameworks assembled using amidinium∙∙∙carboxylate hydrogen bonds, and discusses their structures, stabilities and applications.
Alkoxide activation of tetra-alkoxy diboron reagents in C–B bond formation: a decade of unpredictable reactivity
Authors: Carbó Jorge J. , Fernández Elena
Published: October 2021

A convenient guide for experimental and theoretical validation of C–B bond formation by means of alkoxide activation of tetra-alkoxy diboron reagents is presented with emphasis on the substrate scope and selectivity issues.
Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of chiral spirocyclic 1,3-diketonesviaorgano-cation catalysis
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Yan , Shao Ya-Ping , Guo Bao-Kuan , Zhang Kun , Zhang Fu-Min , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Tu Yong-Qiang
Published: October 2021

Herein, an SPA-triazolium bromide catalyzed asymmetric transannularC-acylation of enol lactones is described, providing a novel approach to access chiral spirocyclic 1,3-diketones.
Effect of structural features on the stability and bactericidal potential of two cadmium coordination polymers
Authors: Soltani Sajjad , Akhbari Kamran , White Jonathan
Published: October 2021

Two mixed ligand Cd(ii) coordination polymers have been synthesized using three methods byin situdecarboxylation of phenylmalonic acid. CPs were screened for their antibacterial activities and the influence of structural properties was studied.
High-precision synthesis of α-MnO2 nanowires with controllable crystal facets for propane oxidation
Authors: Feng Chao , Xiong Gaoyan , Li Yaping , Gao Qianqian , Pan Yuan , Fei Zhaoyang , Li Yanpeng , Lu Yukun , Liu Chenguang , Liu Yunqi
Published: October 2021

α-MnO2 nanowires with different crystal facets were synthesized. The (110) crystal facet of α-MnO2 is conducive to propane catalysis, due to the lowest electron energy, effectively Mn valence adjustment and abundant oxygen vacancies.
Novel solid forms of insomnia drug suvorexant with improved solubility and dissolution: accessing salts from a salt solvate route
Authors: Gundlapalli Suman , Devarapalli Ramesh , Mudda Ramesh Reddy , Chennuru Ramanaiah , Rupakula Ravichandrababu
Published: October 2021

Suvorexant (SRX) is a dual orexin receptor antagonist used for the treatment of insomnia.
Phase transitions in 1-bromoadamantane compared to 1-chloroadamantane: similarities and unique features
Authors: Danilov Igor V. , Gromnitskaya Elena L. , Brazhkin Vadim V.
Published: October 2021

Our ultrasonic studies have detected for the first time the λ-anomaly of the elastic properties and have confirmed that the phase transition in 1-bromoadamantane is a weak first-order having some properties of a second-order phase transition.
The effect of hydration on the stability of ionic liquid crystals: MD simulations of [C14C1im]Cl and [C14C1im]Cl·H2O
Authors: Saielli Giacomo
Published: October 2021

The stability of the smectic phase of ionic liquid crystals can be controlled by independently modulating the stability of the ionic and/or alkylic layers.
Revealing the tunability of electronic structures and optical properties of novel SWCNT derivatives, phenine nanotubes
Authors: Chen Shunwei , Jiang Yuhang , Jia Shangke , Liu Hao , Zhang Guangwei , Han Xiujun , Zhang Ruiqin
Published: October 2021

Phenine nanotubes show highly different electronic/excitonic structures to single-walled carbon nanotubes due to the periodic structural vacancies. Chemical modification eitherviaN doping or hydrogenation effectively tunes their properties.
Green synthesis and characterization of gold-based anisotropic nanostructures using bimetallic nanoparticles as seeds
Authors: Nieto-Argüello Alfonso , Torres-Castro Alejandro , Villaurrutia-Arenas Rafael , Martínez-Sanmiguel Juan J. , González María Ujué , García-Martín José Miguel , Cholula-Díaz Jorge L.
Published: October 2021

Au-based anisotropic nanostructures were synthesized using starch-capped bimetallic Ag/Au nanoparticles as seeds under mild conditions.
Modular synthesis of antimalarial quinoline-based PGM metallarectangles
Authors: Golding Taryn M. , Mbaba Mziyanda , Smith Gregory S.
Published: October 2021

Quinoline-based PGM metallarectangles were evaluated against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains ofPlasmodium falciparum.
A hydrostable Zn2+ coordination polymer for multifunctional detection of inorganic and organic contaminants in water
Authors: Cheng Hao , Song Fu-Qiang , Zhao Na-Na , Song Xue-Qin
Published: October 2021

A water-stable and highly emissive Zn2+ coordination polymer together with its PMMA films was developed for sensing of Fe3+ and picric acid (PA) in water.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust under light and dark conditions
Authors: Morino Yu , Li Ying , Fujitani Yuji , Sato Kei , Inomata Satoshi , Tanabe Kiyoshi , Jathar Shantanu H. , Kondo Yoshinori , Nakayama Tomoki , Fushimi Akihiro , Takami Akinori , Kobayashi Shinji
Published: October 2021

We conducted chamber experiments to investigate secondary organic aerosol formation from diluted exhaust gases emitted by two gasoline vehicles and two diesel vehicles under light (ultraviolet) and dark (with high O3) conditions.
A relaxor ferroelectric polymer with an ultrahigh dielectric constant largely promotes the dissociation of lithium salts to achieve high ionic conductivity
Authors: Huang Yan-Fei , Gu Tian , Rui Guanchun , Shi Peiran , Fu Wenbo , Chen Lai , Liu Xiaotong , Zeng Jianping , Kang Benhao , Yan Zhichao , Stadler Florian J. , Zhu Lei , Kang Feiyu , He Yan-Bing
Published: October 2021

A unique relaxor ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) is investigated as a matrix of SPEs. The P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) with ultrahigh εr promotes the dissociation of LiTFSI to greatly enhance the ionic conductivity and the transference number of lithium ions.
Removal of hexavalent chromium by anion exchange: non-target anion behavior and practical implications
Authors: Flint Leah C. , Arias-Paić Miguel S. , Korak Julie A.
Published: October 2021

Ion exchange is effective for hexavalent chromium removal from drinking water sources, but non-target anions (i.e., arsenic, vanadium, and uranium) that co-occur must be assessed to inform, design, and implement operational strategies.
Online monitoring of bromate in treated wastewater: implications for potable water reuse
Authors: Fujioka Takahiro , Boivin Sandrine , Takeuchi Haruka
Published: October 2021

An online bromate ion analyzer coupled with a nanofiltration membrane-based pre-treatment system can monitor bromate ion formation during wastewater ozonation.
Development of multifunctional nanopipettes for controlled intracellular delivery and single-entity detection
Authors: Pandey Popular , Sesena-Rubfiaro Alberto , Khatri Santosh , He Jin
Published: October 2021

Voltage-controlled, minimally-invasive and targeted intracellular delivery with in situ single-entity detection capability is demonstrated using a nanopore-CNE nanopipette, which is convenient for single-cell analysis.
Tunable hybrid carbon metabolism coordination for the carbon-efficient biosynthesis of 1,3-butanediol inEscherichia coli
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Ruihua , Zhang Jianli , Gong Xinyu , Jiang Tian , Sun Xinxiao , Shen Xiaolin , Wang Jia , Yuan Qipeng , Yan Yajun
Published: October 2021

To achieve low-carbon bioeconomy, we established a carbon-efficient bioproduction approach by fine-tuning a non-glycolysis pathway, which reduces CO2emission and balances the acetyl-CoA and redox supply from sugar breakdown to pathway demand.
Versatile acoustic manipulation of micro-objects using mode-switchable oscillating bubbles: transportation, trapping, rotation, and revolution
Authors: Zhang Wei , Song Bin , Bai Xue , Jia Lina , Song Li , Guo Jingli , Feng Lin
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate a controllable bubble-based acoustofluidic device that enables mode-switchable manipulation of micro-objects, including transportation, rotation, and revolution.
Innovative PIN-type perovskite solar cells with 17% efficiency: processing and characterization
Authors: Lemercier T. , Perrin L. , Berson S. , Flandin L. , Planes E.
Published: October 2021

We optimized the deposition conditions of the PK layer. Changing first the antisolvent ejection time and then the drying time the PCE jumped from 10% to 17%. We propose a protocol to perform the optimization by removing pinholes at different scales.
Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride/N-doped carbon with a direct Z-scheme heterojunction for photocatalytic generation of hydrogen
Authors: Wang Jing , Sun Youcai , Lai Jianwei , Pan Runhui , Fan Yulei , Wu Xiongwei , Ou Man , Zhu Yusong , Fu Lijun , Shi Feifei , Wu Yuping
Published: October 2021

A graphitic carbon nitride/N-doped carbon (C3N4/NC) photocatalyst exhibits an over 46-fold increase of the visible-light-driven H2 production rate compared to bulk C3N4 due to its direct Z-scheme heterojunction, 2D–2D interfaces, and large specific surface area.
Iron and nitrogen co-doped graphene quantum dots as highly active peroxidases for the sensitive detection of l-cysteine
Authors: Deng Xiaochun , Zhao Jingwen , Ding Yao , Tang Hongliang , Xi Fengna
Published: October 2021

New Fe,N co-doped GQDs are easily synthesized and have high peroxidase-mimicking activity for the selective and sensitive colorimetric detection of l-cysteine.
Quad-band terahertz metamaterial absorber enabled by an asymmetric I-type resonator formed from three metallic strips for sensing application
Authors: Wang Ben-Xin , Wu Yangkuan , Xu Wei , Yang Zhuchuang , Lu Liming , Pi Fuwei
Published: October 2021

A quad-band near-perfect terahertz absorber employing an asymmetric metamaterial element is demonstrated.
Dynamical behaviors of self-propulsion intruder buried in granular materials
Authors: Pan Jingwu , Chen Jingbei , Li Jian
Published: October 2021

Numerical simulations and laboratory experiments are conducted for the spiral upward phenomenal motion of self-propulsion spherical intruder in granular media.
Assessing the perfluoroalkyl acid-induced swelling of Förster resonance energy transfer-capable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels
Authors: Savage Dustin T. , Hilt J. Zach , Dziubla Thomas D.
Published: October 2021

Förster resonance energy transfer-capable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgels demonstrated significant swelling and fluorimetric responses to perfluorooctane sulfonate in aqueous solutions.
Exemption of lattice collapse in Ni–MnO2 birnessite regulated by the structural water mobility
Authors: Shan Xiaoqiang , Pidathala Ranga Teja , Kim SaeWon , Xu Wenqian , Abeykoon Milinda , Kwon Gihan , Olds Daniel , Narayanan Badri , Teng Xiaowei
Published: October 2021

The lattice collapse occurs in MnO2 birnessite at high voltage due to the structural water motion, which is exempted in Ni-doped MnO2 due to a significant decrease in electrostatic repulsion between lattice oxygens.
Selective and stoichiometric incorporation of ATP by self-assembling amyloid fibrils
Authors: Dec Robert , Puławski Wojciech , Dzwolak Wojciech
Published: October 2021

The merger of insulin's amyloidogenic segment and an octalysine stretch produces a chimeric peptide with the ability to bind and incorporate stoichiometric amounts of ATP upon co-aggregation and formation of amyloid fibrils.
Topological insulator bismuth selenide grown on black phosphorus for sensitive broadband photodetection
Authors: Kim Dae-Kyoung , Hong Seok-Bo , Kim Jonghoon , Cho Mann-Ho
Published: October 2021

A Bi2Se3/BP heterostructure produced a heterojunction in the interfacial region, resulting in a built-in electric field at TI/2D based on a photovoltaic device.
A 5‐degrees of freedom hybrid excitation bearingless motor for vehicle flywheel battery
Authors: Yang Fan , Sun Yukun , Yuan Ye , Huang Yonghong
Published: October 2021

To deal with the restriction of vehicle space on a flywheel battery, a 5‐degrees of freedom (DOF) hybrid excitation bearingless motor (HEBM) was proposed. The 5‐DOF suspension force required for the flywheel battery is provided by HEBM. The use of a permanent magnet to provide a suspension bias magnetic field reduces power consumption. The relationship between the torque and suspension systems is weak coupling, which is beneficial to the decoupling control. To verify the aforementioned advantages of HEBM, its topology and principle are introduced, and its electromagnetic characteristics are analysed by finite element method. The HEBM is compared with the single‐winding bearingless switch reluctance motor by focusing on suspension loss and force density.
AKeplerK2 view of subdwarf A-type stars
Authors: Mösenlechner G. , Paunzen E. , Pelisoli I. , Seelig J. , Stidl S. , Maitzen H. M.
Published: October 2021

Context.The spectroscopic class of subdwarf A-type (sdA) stars has come into focus in recent years because of their possible link to extremely low-mass white dwarfs, a rare class of objects resulting from binary evolution. Although most sdA stars are consistent with metal-poor halo main-sequence stars, the formation and evolution of a fraction of these stars are still matters of debate.

Aims.The identification of photometric variability can help to put further constraints on the evolutionary status of sdA stars, in particular through the analysis of pulsations. Moreover, the binary ratio, which can be deduced from eclipsing binaries and ellipsoidal variables, is important as input for stellar models. In order to search for variability due to either binarity or pulsations in objects of the spectroscopic sdA class, we have extracted all available high precision light curves from theKeplerK2 mission.

Methods.We have performed a thorough time series analysis on all available light curves, employing three different methods. Frequencies with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than four have been used for further analysis.

Results.From the 25 targets, 13 turned out to be variables of different kinds (i.e., classical pulsating stars, ellipsoidal and cataclysmic variables, eclipsing binaries, and rotationally induced variables). For the remaining 12 objects, a variability threshold was determined.
Spectral shape corrections for SDSS BOSS quasars
Authors: Milaković Dinko , Webb John K. , Lee Chung-Chi , Zavarygin Evgeny O.
Published: October 2021

Modifications were made to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey’s Baryonic Oscillations Spectroscopic Survey (SDSS/BOSS) optical fibres assigned to quasar targets in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio in the Ly-α forest. However, the consequence of these modifications is that quasars observed in this way require additional flux correction procedures in order to recover the correct spectral shapes. In this paper we describe such a procedure, based on the geometry of the problem, and other observational parameters. Applying several correction methods to four SDSS quasars with multiple observations permits a detailed verification of the relative performances of the different flux correction procedures. We contrast our method (which takes into account a wavelength-dependent seeing profile) with the BOSS pipeline approach (which does not). Our results provide independent confirmation that the geometric approach employed in the SDSS pipeline works well, although with room for improvement. By separating the contributions from four effects, we are able to quantify their relative importance. Most importantly, we demonstrate that wavelength dependence has a significant impact on the derived spectral shapes and thus should not be ignored.
The role of extensional detachment systems in thinning the crust and exhuming granulites: analogies between the offshore Le Danois High and the onshore Labourd Massif in the Biscay/Pyrenean rifts
Authors: Cadenas Patricia , Lescoutre Rodolphe , Manatschal Gianreto , Fernández-Viejo Gabriela
Published: October 2021

Large uncertainties remain about the architecture, timing and role of the structures responsible for high degrees of crustal thinning and the exhumation of mid-crustal granulites in the Pyrenean and Biscay rift systems. Both, the Le Danois High in the North Iberian margin and the Labourd Massif in the Western Pyrenees preserve evidence of extensional detachment faults and include exhumed granulites, which are locally reworked in syn-rift sediments. In this study, we compare the crustal structure and its link to the overlying sediments at the two sites based on the interpretation of high quality 2D seismic reflection profiles offshore and field observations and published geological cross-sections onshore. New reported seismic and field observations support that extensional detachment systems delineate the top basement in the Le Danois High and the Labourd Massif, advocating for a similar tectonic evolution. We propose that the Le Danois and North Mauléon extensional detachment systems were responsible for high degrees of crustal thinning and the exhumation of the pre-rift brittle-ductile transition and associated mid-crustal granulites during Aptian to Cenomanian extension, leading to the formation of the Le Danois and Labourd crustal tapers. Subsequently tilted and uplifted during the Alpine convergence, the two taper blocks lay at present in the hanging-wall of major Alpine thrusts. Their position at overlapping, en-echelon hyperextended rift segments at the end of rifting, and the occurrence of shortcutting structures at depth linking neighbouring rift segments can explain the preservation of the rift-related detachment systems. This study proposes for the first time analogies between the offshore Le Danois High and the onshore Labourd Massif and demonstrates the importance of extensional detachment systems in thinning the crust and exhuming mid-crustal granulites at the seafloor in the Biscay and Pyrenean rift systems during Aptian to Cenomanian extension.
Fatty acids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the seeds from nine grape cultivars (Vitis viniferaL.)
Authors: Guler Ali , Yildiz Turgut Demet
Published: October 2021

Seeds are one of the main parts of the grapes, and they contain important constituents such as polyphenols, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. In this study, oil contents, fatty acid composition, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, monomeric flavan-3-ols and antioxidant capacities of nine grape seeds from nine cultivars were investigated. The correlations between the analyzed parameters were also examined. The oil contents of seeds ranged from 4.96 to 13.35%. Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in the seeds, and it was followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, 11-eicosenoic acid and arachidic acid. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were 646.50-1120.78 mg GAE/g and 336.69-589.85 mg CE/g, respectively. ‘Italia’ seeds had the highest antioxidant capacity for DPPH and CUPRAC assays while ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ seeds had the lowest one. The (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin and (-)-epicatechin gallate contents in the seeds varied from 1.23 to 6.53 mg/g, 11.61 to 80.20 mg/g, 0.21 to 0.51 mg/g, 2.78 to 48.26 mg/g and 0.08 to 1.50 mg/g, respectively. The (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were the major flavan-3-ol compounds in the grape seeds. Significant correlations were found between total phenolic content, total flavonoid, RSA (DPPH Radical scavenging activity), CUPRAC (Cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) and flavan-3-ols. Consequently, the current study findings support previous information that grape seeds are an important source of antioxidants as well as unsaturated fatty acids, which have positive effects on human health.
One-Pot Synthesis of 3-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)-isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones by DEAD-Promoted Oxidative Ugi–Wittig ­Reaction Starting from Phosphonium Salt Precursors
Authors: Ding Ming-Wu , Zhao Long , Yang Mao-Lin , Sun Mei
Published: October 2021

A new one-pot synthesis of 3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)-isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones by DEAD-promoted oxidative Ugi–­Wittig reaction was developed. The sequential reactions of (2-carboxybenzyl)triphenylphosphonium salts, isocyanides, and N-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines produced 3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)-isoquinolin-1(2H)-ones in moderate to good overall yields in the presence of DEAD and Et3N.
Lockdown in a disneyfied city: Kraków Old Town and the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Porębska Anna , Barnaś Krzysztof , Dendura Bartosz , Kania Olga , Łukasik Marta , Rogulska Aleksandra , Szpakowska-Loranc Ernestyna , Zieliński Miłosz
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the geography of the historic central district of Kraków, Poland before, during and after the first wave of the 2020 pandemic. It describes how the disneyfied main part of the UNESCO heritage site of universal values turned into a ghost town as functional changes were turning into physical ones amid restrictions. From the results of pre-pandemic processes (that, as we argue, turned the city into its disneyfied version), to the lockdown (that later revealed itself to be but the first one in a row), to the post-lockdown recovery, these changes are presented in modified figure-ground diagrams with accessibility being defined by both tangible and intangible properties. The results are set against the background of the city’s current policies regarding economic recovery, mobility and accessibility to urban green areas. As an attempt to address the present vulnerability of the once resilient historic city centres—of which Kraków Old Town is a luminous example—this paper tends to be a voice in the debate on the post-2020 planning and the strategies we will need to face the subsequent waves of this, or other, pandemics as well as consequences of climate change.
Experimental characterization of Hall thruster breathing mode dynamics
Authors: Dale Ethan T. , Jorns Benjamin A.
Published: October 2021

The dynamic properties of the Hall thruster breathing mode are investigated experimentally. Non-invasive time-resolved laser diagnostics are combined with a quasi-one-dimensional non-Maxwellian modeling technique to yield the high-speed evolution of a variety of plasma properties over the course of a breathing oscillation. The fluctuations of both ion and neutral densities are quantified in terms of amplitude and dispersion and are interpreted in the context of a simplified dispersion relation. It is found that the oscillations associated with the breathing mode are likely ion and neutral waves propagating with phase velocities commensurate with the local species drift speed. Further, the amplitudes of the waves are shown to decay with distance from the anode. This effect can be explained largely by the influence of the expansion of the background plasma and neutral gas. This monotonic decay combined with the downstream propagating nature of the waves suggests that these oscillations are influenced by conditions upstream of the acceleration and ionization regions. By comparing the presence of these waves to inferred electron temperature fluctuations, the hypothesis that the breathing mode is governed by a process in which the modulation of the neutral density near the anode sheath or the anode itself is coupled to a downstream ionization instability is qualitatively explored. The possibility of these waves relating to cyclical recombination of ions at the anode is also discussed.
Asymptotic analysis of random walks on ice and graphite
Authors: Bercu Bernard , Montégut Fabien
Published: October 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the asymptotic behavior of random walks on three-dimensional crystal structures. We focus our attention on the 1h structure of the ice and the 2h structure of graphite. We establish the strong law of large numbers and the asymptotic normality for both random walks on ice and graphite. All our analysis relies on asymptotic results for multi-dimensional martingales.
Development of scanning system for industrial accelerator
Authors: Dhavale A. S. , Sharma V. , Sharma A.
Published: October 2021

A 10 MeV, 5 kW electron accelerator is being developed for industrial applications. A scanning system including an AC scan magnet and a triangular wave generating power supply is developed to scan the electron beam over a length of 1 m. About 1.7 kG magnetic field is required for the full scan. A scan magnet is designed using POISSON and CST Microwave studio. This paper presents simulation results, fabrication details of the magnet, and design and development of the power supply. Field measurement is taken using the DC power supply and AC power supply. The simulation and experimental results are in good agreement.
A time-shared switching scheme designed for multi-probe scanning tunneling microscope
Authors: Yan Jiahao , Ma Jiajun , Wang Aiwei , Ma Ruisong , Wu Liangmei , Wu Zebin , Liu Li , Bao Lihong , Huan Qing , Gao Hong-Jun
Published: October 2021

We report the design of a time-shared switching scheme, aiming to realize the manipulation and working modes (imaging mode and transport measurement mode) switching between multiple scanning tunneling microscope (STM) probes one by one with a shared STM control system (STM CS) and an electrical transport characterization system. This scheme comprises three types of switch units, switchable preamplifiers (SWPAs), high voltage amplifiers, and a main control unit. Together with the home-made software kit providing the graphical user interface, this scheme achieves a seamless switching process between different STM probes. Compared with the conventional scheme using multiple independent STM CSs, this scheme possesses more compatibility, flexibility, and expansibility for lower cost. The overall architecture and technique issues are discussed in detail. The performances of the system are demonstrated, including the millimeter scale moving range and atomic scale resolution of a single STM probe, safely approached multiple STM probes beyond the resolution of the optical microscope (1.1 µm), qualified STM imaging, and accurate electrical transport characterization. The combinational technique of imaging and transport characterization is also shown, which is supported by SWPA switches with ultra-high open circuit resistance (909 TΩ). These successful experiments prove the effectiveness and the usefulness of the scheme. In addition, the scheme can be easily upgraded with more different functions and numbers of probe arrays, thus opening a new way to build an extremely integrated and high throughput characterization platform.
A flexible system-on-a-chip control hardware for atomic, molecular, and optical physics experiments
Authors: Trenkwalder A. , Zaccanti M. , Poli N.
Published: October 2021

We have implemented a control system core for experiments in atomic, molecular, and optical physics based on a commercial low-cost board, featuring a field-programmable gate array as part of a system-on-a-chip on which a Linux operating system is running. The board features Gigabit Ethernet, allowing for fast data transmission and operation of remote experimental systems. A single board can control a set of devices generating digital, analog, and radio frequency signals with precise timing given either by an external or internal clock. Contiguous output and input sampling rates of up to 40 MHz are achievable. Several boards can run synchronously with a timing error approaching 1 ns. For this purpose, a novel auto-synchronization scheme is demonstrated, with possible application in complex distributed experimental setups with demanding timing requests.
Ill-matched timescales in coupled systems can induce oscillation suppression
Authors: Shekhar Chaurasia Sudhanshu , Biswas Animesh , Parmananda P. , Sinha Sudeshna
Published: October 2021

We explore the behavior of two coupled oscillators, considering combinations of similar and dissimilar oscillators, with their intrinsic dynamics ranging from periodic to chaotic. We first investigate the coupling of two different real-world systems, namely, the chemical mercury beating heart oscillator and the electronic Chua oscillator, with the disparity in the timescales of the constituent oscillators. Here, we are considering a physical situation that is not commonly addressed: the coupling of sub-systems whose characteristic timescales are very different. Our findings indicate that the oscillations in coupled systems are quenched to oscillation death (OD) state, at sufficiently high coupling strength, when there is a large timescale mismatch. In contrast, phase synchronization occurs when their timescales are comparable. In order to further strengthen the concept, we demonstrate this timescale-induced oscillation suppression and phase synchrony through numerical simulations, with the disparity in the timescales serving as a tuning or control parameter. Importantly, oscillation suppression (OD) occurs for a significantly smaller timescale mismatch when the coupled oscillators are chaotic. This suggests that the inherent broad spectrum of timescales underlying chaos aids oscillation suppression, as the temporal complexity of chaotic dynamics lends a natural heterogeneity to the timescales. The diversity of the experimental systems and numerical models we have chosen as a test-bed for the proposed concept lends support to the broad generality of our findings. Last, these results indicate the potential prevention of system failure by small changes in the timescales of the constituent dynamics, suggesting a potent control strategy to stabilize coupled systems to steady states.
Dynamic modeling and analysis of a bonded-type ultrasonic motor considering the load transfer in adhesive interlayer
Authors: He Ying , Yao Zhiyuan , Zhou Lifeng , Dai Shichao , Xu Hao
Published: October 2021

This paper proposes a dynamic numerical model for the bonded-type ultrasonic motor considering the load transfer in the adhesive interlayer between the piezoceramics and the host structure. The finite element method and an extended shear-lag theory are used to derive the dynamic equation. The effectiveness of this model is validated by comparing the dynamic response of the stator in frequency and time domains between simulation and experimental results, with a maximum relative error of less than 4%. The dynamic load transfer in the adhesive interlayer is analyzed when the stator is excited electrically, and the results show that the interfacial load transfer is concentrated near the bonding edges. The effects of partially bonded piezoceramics on the dynamic characteristics of the motor are investigated, where two partially bonded conditions including edge and inner debonded cases are considered. The results indicate that both the inner and edge debonded conditions could reduce the vibration amplitude of the stator and then reduce the output performance of the motor.
Stability of twisted states on lattices of Kuramoto oscillators
Authors: Goebel Monica , Mizuhara Matthew S. , Stepanoff Sofia
Published: October 2021

Real world systems comprised of coupled oscillators have the ability to exhibit spontaneous synchronization and other complex behaviors. The interplay between the underlying network topology and the emergent dynamics remains a rich area of investigation for both theory and experiment. In this work, we study lattices of coupled Kuramoto oscillators with non-local interactions. Our focus is on the stability of twisted states. These are equilibrium solutions with constant phase shifts between oscillators resulting in spatially linear profiles. Linear stability analysis follows from studying the quadratic form associated with the Jacobian matrix. Novel estimates on both stable and unstable regimes of twisted states are obtained in several cases. Moreover, exploiting the “almost circulant” nature of the Jacobian obtains a surprisingly accurate numerical test for stability. While our focus is on 2D square lattices, we show how our results can be extended to higher dimensions.
Geometric motion transfer between two indirectly coupled mechanical resonators
Authors: Yuan Quan , Gong Zhi-cheng , Gao Yin-zheng , Mao Tian-hua , Shen Cheng-yu , Sun Chang-pu , Li Yong , Fu Hao
Published: October 2021

Phonon-mediated motion transfer plays an essential role in scalable phononic devices. We present geometric motion transfer between two mechanical resonators, which are indirectly coupled by parametrically coupling to the same intermediate mechanical mode. The phonon-mediated coupling is controlled so that the intermediate mode remains unoccupied after the system undergoes a cyclic evolution. Pure geometric motion transfer between the indirectly coupled mechanical resonators is achieved experimentally through a controlling motion evolution path in the Hilbert space. Because the geometric phase is robust against local fluctuation of the evolution path, our research provides a prospective scenario for noise-resilient phonon-based information processing.
Automatic defect inspection of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display panels using robust one-dimensional Fourier reconstruction with non-uniform illumination correction
Authors: Zhang Tengda , Dong Jingtao , Yang Lei , Liu Shanlin , Lu Rongsheng
Published: October 2021

Automatic inspection of micro-defects of thin film transistor-liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panels is a critical task in LCD manufacturing. To meet the practical demand of online inspection of a one-dimensional (1D) line image captured by the line scan visual system, we propose a robust 1D Fourier reconstruction method with the capability of automatic determination of the period Δx of the periodic pattern of a spatial domain line image and the neighboring length r of the frequency peaks of the corresponding frequency domain line image. Moreover, to alleviate the difficulty in the discrimination between the defects and the non-uniform illumination background, we present an effective way to correct the non-uniform background using robust locally weighted smoothing combined with polynomial curve fitting. As a proof-of-concept, we built a line scan visual system and tested the captured line images. The results reveal that the proposed method is able to correct the non-uniform illumination background in a proper way that does not cause false alarms in defect inspection but also preserves complete information about the defects in terms of the brightness and darkness as well as the shape, indicating its distinct advantage in defect inspection of TFT-LCD panels.
Microstructural optimization of FexCrNiAl0.5Ti0.5 high entropy alloys toward high ductility
Authors: Ji Yu , Zhang Long , Lu Xing , Pang Jingyu , Lu Yunzhuo , Zhu Zhengwang , Fu Huameng , Zhang Hongwei , Li Hong , Zhang Haifeng
Published: October 2021

It remains challenging to develop low-cost body-centered cubic (BCC) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with superior mechanical properties. In this work, we investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of BCC FexCrNiAl0.5Ti0.5 HEAs containing L21 nanocrystals. With increasing the Fe content from Fe2 to Fe4 and Fe6, the formation of a big blocky L21 phase and a σ phase can be fully suppressed, and the size and fraction of the L21 crystals also decrease. Fe4 and Fe6 HEAs exhibit an optimized dual-phase microstructure with high-density L21 nanocrystals homogeneously distributed in the BCC matrix. Fe4 and Fe6 HEAs show high strength and do not fracture even at a large compressive strain of 70%, exhibiting the best combination of strength and fracture strain among all the reported BCC HEAs with nanocrystals. The superior mechanical properties of Fe4 and Fe6 HEAs are attributed to the optimized microstructure. These findings promote the development of low-cost HEAs with superior mechanical properties.
A study of the double pendulum using polynomial optimization
Authors: Parker J. P. , Goluskin D. , Vasil G. M.
Published: October 2021

In dynamical systems governed by differential equations, a guarantee that trajectories emanating from a given set of initial conditions do not enter another given set can be obtained by constructing a barrier function that satisfies certain inequalities on the phase space. Often, these inequalities amount to nonnegativity of polynomials and can be enforced using sum-of-squares conditions, in which case barrier functions can be constructed computationally using convex optimization over polynomials. To study how well such computations can characterize sets of initial conditions in a chaotic system, we use the undamped double pendulum as an example and ask which stationary initial positions do not lead to flipping of the pendulum within a chosen time window. Computations give semialgebraic sets that are close inner approximations to the fractal set of all such initial positions.
Forecasting wind power ramps with prediction coordinates
Authors: Hirata Yoshito , Amigó José M. , Horai Shunsuke , Ogimoto Kazuhiko , Aihara Kazuyuki
Published: October 2021

To the best of our knowledge, the method of prediction coordinates is the only forecasting method in nonlinear time series analysis that explicitly uses the stochastic characteristics of a system with dynamical noise. Specifically, it generates multiple predictions to jointly infer the current states and dynamical noises. Recent findings based on hypothesis testing show that weather is nonlinear and stochastic and, therefore, so are renewable energy power outputs. This being the case, in this paper, we apply the method of prediction coordinates to forecast wind power ramps, which are rapid transitions in the wind power output that can deteriorate the quality of the electricity supply. First, the method of prediction coordinates is tested using numerical simulations. Then, we present an example of wind power ramp forecasting with empirical data. The results show that the method of prediction coordinates compares favorably with other methods, validating it as a reliable tool for forecasting transitions in nonlinear stochastic dynamics, particularly in the field of renewable energies.