bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coordinated voltage control of active distribution networks with photovoltaic and power to hydrogen
Authors: Zhang Yongxiang , Chen Jian , Zhao Haoran , Zhang Wen , Jiao Wenshu , Dai Wuzhen
Published: March 2023

The rapid increase of photovoltaic (PV) penetration in active distribution networks (ADN) is posing great challenges to traditional voltage control schemes. A two‐stage voltage control strategy of ADN is proposed by the authors based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with refined power to hydrogen (P2H) model, considering multiple types of PV forms such as residential photovoltaic cluster (RPVC) and small‐scale PV power stations. In the day‐ahead stage, the optimal power flow is performed to determine the optimal scheduling results of on‐load tap changers and capacitor banks etc. In the intra‐day stage, the real‐time voltage control strategy is implemented at the distribution network layer to regulate the power of each type of PV, energy storage systems and P2H to further reduce the voltage deviation. At the customer layer, the residential photovoltaic (RPV) within the RPVC is precisely controlled based on the ADMM algorithm to achieve the minimum voltage deviation at each RPV access point. The proposed strategy is tested on the modified IEEE 33‐bus and IEEE 69‐bus distribution systems, and the simulation results verify its effectiveness in mitigating voltage violations.
DGC‐UWnet: Underwater image enhancement based on computation‐efficient convolution and channel shuffle
Authors: Hao Xuyan , Liu Lixin
Published: March 2023

Underwater image enhancement is receiving increasing attention due to many of the vision research being applied to underwater scenes. To eliminate the impact of complex underwater scenes on imaging, underwater image enhancement algorithm has become an effective solution. However, underwater image enhancement models face a challenge of lightening the model while improving generalizability. Here, DGC‐UWnet is proposed to go for both lightweight and enhancement effect. The proposed model is designed by using depthwise convolution, group convolution and channel shuffle (DGC). Ablation experiment shows that compared with standard convolution, DGC decreases model parameters and computational complexity, and improves the generalizability of the model. Qualitative and quantitative comparative experimental results show that comprehensive performances of the model can catch up with or even surpass state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) algorithms in terms of processing speed, subjective visual perception and objective evaluation metrics. In addition, application test results prove that DGC‐UWnet can be used as the pre‐processing for underwater applications of other visual algorithms such as improving performance of YOLOv5l.
Robust estimation‐based multipath detection for vector tracking loop
Authors: Zou Xiaojun , Kong Yao
Published: March 2023

Multipath interference in cities has always been one of the main problems leading to abnormal positioning results of a global navigation satellite system. Vector tracking is superior to conventional scalar tracking in the ability of mitigating multipath interference. However, due to the special sharing structure, fault propagation which easily occurs in the vector tracking loop leads to false alarms of normal satellite signals during multipath detection. To solve this problem, a fault‐tolerant algorithm based on robust estimation is applied to suppress fault propagation. Meanwhile, in order to improve the ability of detecting multiple short delayed multipath signals, chi‐square detection is proposed to be used before applying the fault‐tolerant algorithm. By taking advantage of the characteristic that the occurrence of multipath signals will cause significant deviation of code phase errors, the mean value of code phase errors is used as the detection metric. Both simulation test and field experiment are carried out to verify the detection performance. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively prevent fault propagation and solve the problem of false positives of normal satellite signals. As a result, not only multipath signals are detected more accurately, but also more accurate navigation solution is obtained.
BEYONDPLANCK
Authors: Colombo L. P. L. , Eskilt J. R. , Paradiso S. , Thommesen H. , Andersen K. J. , Aurlien R. , Banerji R. , Basyrov A. , Bersanelli M. , Bertocco S. , Brilenkov M. , Carbone M. , Eriksen H. K. , Foss M. K. , Franceschet C. , Fuskeland U. , Galeotta S. , Galloway M. , Gerakakis S. , Gjerløw E. , Hensley B. , Herman D. , Iacobellis M. , Ieronymaki M. , Ihle H. T. , Jewell J. B. , Karakci A. , Keihänen E. , Keskitalo R. , Maggio G. , Maino D. , Maris M. , Partridge B. , Reinecke M. , Suur-Uski A.-S. , Svalheim T. L. , Tavagnacco D. , Watts D. J. , Wehus I. K. , Zacchei A.
Published: March 2023

We present posterior sample-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) constraints fromPlanckLFI and WMAP observations as derived through global end-to-end Bayesian processing within the BEYONDPLANCKframework. We first used these samples to study correlations between CMB, foreground, and instrumental parameters. We identified a particularly strong degeneracy between CMB temperature fluctuations and free-free emission on intermediate angular scales (400 ≲ ℓ ≲ 600), mitigated through model reduction, masking, and resampling. We compared our posterior-based CMB results with previousPlanckproducts and found a generally good agreement, however, with notably higher noise due to our exclusion ofPlanckHFI data. We found a best-fit CMB dipole amplitude of 3362.7 ± 1.4 μK, which is in excellent agreement with previousPlanckresults. The quoted dipole uncertainty is derived directly from the sampled posterior distribution and does not involve any ad hoc contributions forPlanckinstrumental systematic effects. Similarly, we find a temperature quadrupole amplitude of $ \sigma^{TT}_2=229\pm97\,\muup{\rm K}^2 $ , which is in good agreement with previous results in terms of the amplitude, but the uncertainty is one order of magnitude greater than the naive diagonal Fisher uncertainty. Concurrently, we find less evidence of a possible alignment between the quadrupole and octopole than previously reported, due to a much larger scatter in the individual quadrupole coefficients that is caused both by marginalizing over a more complete set of systematic effects – as well as by requiring a more conservative analysis mask to mitigate the free-free degeneracy. For higher multipoles, we find that the angular temperature power spectrum is generally in good agreement with bothPlanckand WMAP. At the same time, we note that this is the first time that the sample-based, asymptotically exact Blackwell-Rao estimator has been successfully established for multipoles up toℓ ≤ 600. It now accounts for the majority of the cosmologically important information. Overall, this analysis demonstrates the unique capabilities of the Bayesian approach with respect to end-to-end systematic uncertainty propagation and we believe it can and should play an important role in the analysis of future CMB experiments. Cosmological parameter constraints are presented in a companion paper.
Polarised radio pulsations from a new T-dwarf binary
Authors: Vedantham H. K. , Dupuy T. J. , Evans E. L. , Sanghi A. , Callingham J. R. , Shimwell T. W. , Best W. M. J. , Liu M. C. , Zarka P.
Published: March 2023

Brown dwarfs display Jupiter-like auroral phenomena such as magnetospheric Hαemission and coherent radio emission. Coherent radio emission is a probe of magnetospheric acceleration mechanisms and it provides a direct measurement of the magnetic field strength at the emitter’s location, both of which are difficult to access by other means. Observations of the coldest brown dwarfs (spectral types T and Y) are particularly interesting as their magnetospheric phenomena may be very similar to those in gas-giant exoplanets. Here we present 144 MHz radio and infrared adaptive optics observations of the brown dwarf WISEP J101905.63+652954.2 made using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) and Keck telescopes, respectively. The radio data show pulsed, highly circularly polarised emission which yields a rotation rate of 0.32 ± 0.03 h−1. The infrared imaging reveals the source to be a binary with a projected separation of 423.0 ± 1.6 mas between components of spectral type T5.5 ± 0.5 and T7.0 ± 0.5. With a simple ‘toy model’, we show that the radio emission can, in principle, be powered by the interaction between the two dwarfs with a mass-loss rate of at least 25 times the Jovian value. WISEP J101905.63+652954.2 is interesting because it is the first pulsed methane dwarf detected in a low radio-frequency search. Unlike previous gigahertz-frequency searches that were only sensitive to objects with kiloGauss fields, our low-frequency search is sensitive to surface magnetic fields of ≈50 G and above which might reveal the coldest radio-loud objects down to planetary mass scales.
The ALMA view of MP Mus (PDS 66): A protoplanetary disk with no visible gaps down to 4 au scales
Authors: Ribas Á. , Macías E. , Weber P. , Pérez S. , Cuello N. , Dong R. , Aguayo A. , Cáceres C. , Carpenter J. , Dent W. R. F. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo I. , Duchêne G. , Espaillat C. C. , Riviere-Marichalar P. , Villenave M.
Published: March 2023

Aims. We aim to characterize the protoplanetary disk around the nearby (d ~ 100 pc), young solar analog MP Mus (PDS 66) and to reveal any signs of planets or ongoing planet formation in the system.

Methods. We present new ALMA observations of MP Mus at 0.89 mm, 1.3 mm, and 2.2 mm with angular resolutions of ~1″, 0.05″, and 0.25″, respectively. These data probe the dust and gas in the disk with unprecedented detail and sensitivity.

Results. The disk appears smooth down to the 4 au resolution of the 1.3 mm observations, in contrast with most disks observed at comparable spatial scales. The dust disk has a radius of 60±5 au, a dust mass of 0.14-0.06+0.11 MJup, and a millimeter spectral index <2 in the inner 30 au, suggesting optically thick emission from grains with a high albedo in this region. Several molecular gas lines are also detected extending up to 130±15 au, similar to small grains traced by scattered light observations. Comparing the fluxes of different CO isotopologues with previous models yields a gas mass of 0.1–1 MJup, implying a gas-to-dust ratio of 1–10. We also measured a dynamical stellar mass of Mdyn = 1.30±0.08 M⊙ and derived an age of 7–10 Myr.

Conclusions. The survival of large grains in an evolved disk without gaps or rings is surprising, and it is possible that existing substructures remain undetected due to optically thick emission at 1.3 mm. Alternatively, small structures may still remain unresolved with the current observations. Based on simple scaling relations for gap-opening planets and gap widths, this lack of substructures places upper limits to the masses of planets in the disk as low as 2 M⊕−0.06 MJup at r > 40 au. The lack of millimeter emission at radii r > 60 au also suggests that the gap in scattered light between 30 and 80 au is likely not a gap in the disk density, but a shadow cast by a puffed-up inner disk.
Definition, Häufigkeit und Ursachen der Dystokie beim Pferd – eine Literaturübersicht
Authors: Ellerbrock Markus , Wehrend Axel
Published: March 2023

Die Geburt beim Pferd wird dann als Dystokie bezeichnet, wenn eine Gefahr der Schädigung von Stute oder Fohlen durch den Geburtsvorgang ausgeht oder die Notwendigkeit der menschlichen Hilfe zur Beendigung der Geburt vorliegt oder zeitliche Abweichungen in der physiologischen Dauer der Öffnungs- und/oder Austreibungsphase auftreten. Dabei besitzt die Dauer der Austreibungsphase zur Erkennung der Dystokie herausragende Bedeutung, da diese am Verhalten der Stute gut erkannt werden kann. Die Dystokie beim Pferd wird als Notfall eingestuft, bei dem unmittelbare Lebensgefahr für die Stute und das Fohlen besteht. Die Angaben zur Dystokiehäufigkeit unterscheiden sich stark. In Untersuchungen, die in Gestüten durchgeführt wurden, tritt eine Dystokie in 2–13% bezogen auf alle Geburten ohne Berücksichtigung einer potenziellen Rassedisposition auf. Abweichungen von der gestreckten Haltung der Gliedmaßen und des Halses während der Geburt werden als häufigste Ursachen einer Schwergeburt beim Pferd klassifiziert. Der tierartspezifische lange Hals und die langen Gliedmaßen werden als Ursachen für diese Beobachtung angesehen.
The influence of γ-irradiation on molecular structure and mass attenuation coefficients of γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Dehghani Z. , Nezamdoost S. , Vejdani Noghreiyan A. , Nadafan M.
Published: March 2023

In this research, γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using the sol–gel process. The photon attenuation properties of these NPs were obtained by measuring the linear and mass attenuation coefficients (μl, μm) at different photon energies. In addition, the theoretical values of μm for γ-Al2O3 micro-particles were calculated using the WinXCom computer program and compared with the experimental values of μm for NPs of γ-Al2O3. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the impact of γ-irradiation on these NPs, the experimental values of μl and μm for γ-Al2O3 NPs, before and after receiving 20 kGy dose of γ-irradiation, were investigated. It was observed that μm of γ-Al2O3 NPs decreases after receiving γ-irradiation because of increasing the photon’s energy, which indicates the changes in the molecular structure of NPs after γ-irradiation. Moreover, the structural properties of NPs were evaluated by UV–Vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction patterns, and scanning electron microscopy images. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 212.5 nm before γ-irradiation, and the absorption peak of NPs disappeared when γ-irradiation was started. The average crystalline size was determined to be 3.65 nm in the sample before γ-irradiation and 9.29 nm in the sample with the maximum dose of 20 kGy. The results of scanning electron microscopy show an increase in particle size from 6.5 nm in a non-irradiated sample up to 9 nm in a sample with the highest γ-irradiation dose.
Bistritzer–MacDonald dynamics in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Watson Alexander B. , Kong Tianyu , MacDonald Allan H. , Luskin Mitchell
Published: March 2023

The Bistritzer–MacDonald (BM) model, introduced by Bistritzer and MacDonald [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108, 12233–12237 (2011); arXiv:1009.4203], attempts to capture electronic properties of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG), even at incommensurate twist angles, by using an effective periodic model over the bilayer moiré pattern. Starting from a tight-binding model, we identify a regime where the BM model emerges as the effective dynamics for electrons modeled as wave-packets spectrally concentrated at monolayer Dirac points up to error that can be rigorously estimated. Using measured values of relevant physical constants, we argue that this regime is realized in TBG at the first “magic” angle.
On the influence of plasma turbulence on collective Thomson scattering measurements
Authors: Tretinnikov P. , Gusakov E. , Heuraux S.
Published: March 2023

Plasma turbulence can result in significant distortion of probing and receiving microwave beams, and this effect can modify the registered spectrum in a collective Thomson scattering (CTS) experiment. An analytical description of the CTS experiment is provided in this paper for the probing beam distortion due to the plasma edge turbulence. The effect of the registered frequency spectrum distortion by the turbulence is evaluated for different turbulence levels for plasma parameters similar to those excepted in ITER.
Freezing characters study of the sessile seawater drop on a cold substrate
Authors: Wan Lei , Liu Xiaogang , Chu Shuguang , Wang Meng , Wang Zhongyi , Wang Yanhua , Sun Haiou
Published: March 2023

Sea spray icing poses risks to vessels and offshore structures in cold ocean regions. Compared to many research works dealing with the freezing of fresh water, the freezing process of sessile seawater drop was less discussed. The coupled level set and volume of fluid method combined with the enthalpy–porosity method is used to solve the Stefan problem. A two-dimensional (2D) axis-symmetric model is adopted to describe the freezing and temperature variation process. Numerical results were verified by our experiment results. The initial geometric profile of sessile drops was characterized by the Young–Laplace equation. Various salinities within the oceanographic range (10–40 g/kg) were adopted, and results showed that the freezing time increases dramatically with increasing salinity. The influence of the contact angle and substrate temperature in the freezing process was also concentrated. All these results contributed to a better understanding of the icing mechanism on marine surfaces.
Non-contact quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Haoyang , Wang Chenglong , Lin Leqing , Wang Minshuai , Zhu Wenguo , Zhong Yongchun , Yu Jianhui , Tittel Frank , Zheng Huadan
Published: March 2023

Non-contact quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (NC-QEPAS) was proposed and developed for trace gas analysis. The NC-QEPAS aims at solving the problem that the quartz tuning fork (QTF) must be immersed in the gases for photoacoustic wave transducing, which limits its application for corrosive and dusty gas sensing. In this work, the QTF was isolated from the gas, realizing “non-contact” detection. An elastic parylene film was synthesized and then patched to the slit of a QEPAS gas cell. With an optimized coupling effect, the parylene film shows a resonance enhancement with the QTF and acoustic micro-resonator, realizing non-contact photoacoustic detection of gas. The NC-QEPAS not only increases the photoacoustic signal amplitude but also decreases the background noise. Compared to traditional contact QEPAS with QTF immersed in the gas, the NC-QEPAS shows a signal-to-noise enhancement factor of 13. A normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 8.8 × 10−9 cm−1 W Hz−1/2 was achieved. Allan deviation shows good long-term stability of the NC-QEPAS sensor. With an integration time of 1000 s, the developed QEPAS sensor shows a detection limit of 0.4 ppm. The detection limit can be further improved with longer integration time.
Electron distribution-controlled electron cyclotron harmonic wave generation in the magnetosphere
Authors: Gao Zhonglei , Ye Wanxia , Liu Si , Cai Disheng , Wei Daoming , Zhang Aiwen , Ni Jinling , Liang Ling , Qin Yan
Published: March 2023

Electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves, contributing significantly to magnetospheric dynamics, usually appear as a series of harmonics between the multiples of electron gyrofrequency. Previous studies have demonstrated that ECH waves are the electron Bernstein mode excited by the electron loss cone distribution. To investigate how the electron distribution controls the frequency and wave normal angle of excited ECH waves, we derive a concise analytic formula for ECH growth rates using the bi-Maxwellian distribution. Parametric studies show that the expansion of the loss cone size could effectively enlarge ECH growth rates and move the peak growth rates to a smaller wave number k (higher frequency) region, while the deepening of the loss cone can only increase the growth rates. It is also found that the growth rate pattern in the k space exhibits different trends on the two sides of 1.5 fce because the dominant resonance orders on the two sides are different. This study further develops our understanding of the generation mechanism of ECH waves.
Ferroelectric polarization and interface engineering coupling of Z-scheme ZnIn2S4/α-In2Se3 heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Li Jiayi , Lin Yanming , Zhang Minjie , Peng Ying , Wei Xinru , Wang Zhengkun , Jiang Zhenyi , Du Aijun
Published: March 2023

It is of great significance to design an efficient heterostructure for photocatalytic hydrogen production to solve the energy shortage and environmental crisis. In this letter, we investigate the structure, electron of interface, optical, charge transfer, and photocatalytic mechanism of three different ZnIn2S4/α-In2Se3 heterostructures by hybrid density functional calculation. It is interesting that the presence of an external electric field not only can change the bandgap but also can modulate the band alignment type. Among them, heterostructure A belongs to type II heterostructure, and heterostructure B and C belong to a Z-scheme heterostructure. Especially in heterostructure C, the electrons deposited on CBM of a ZnIn2S4 monolayer will play an important role in the hydrogen production process. Meanwhile, the small bandgap of ZnIn2S4/α-In2Se3 Z-scheme heterostructures enables it to obtain a wide light absorption range. Therefore, this study contributes to the design of a novel and potential Z-scheme heterostructure photocatalyst with broad application prospects in both electronic and optoelectronic fields.
Observation of mixed-mode behavior of Raman active phonon modes for β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jayanta , Singh S. D.
Published: March 2023

Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the phonon mode behavior of a β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloy up to Al compositions of x = 0.474. The alloy displays a mixed-mode behavior, where low frequency (100–200 cm−1) modes corresponding to translation and libration of (Ga1O4) tetrahedral and (Ga2O6) octahedral chains and high frequency (500–800 cm−1) modes related to stretching and bending of (Ga1O4) tetrahedral chains show a monotonic behavior throughout the studied composition range, and display one-mode behavior. On the other hand, medium frequency (300–500 cm−1) phonon modes related to the deformation of (Ga2O6) octahedra and (Ga1O4) tetrahedra chains show sudden change such as the appearance (disappearance) of new (existing) phonon modes corresponding to Al–O (Ga–O) sublattices with Al substitution, and they display a two-mode behavior. The existence of two sublattices is further supported by the observation of preferential occupation of the Al atom at the octahedral atomic site in comparison to the tetrahedral atomic site. The observation of phonon modes related to translation and libration of (Ga1O4) tetrahedral and (Ga2O6) octahedral chains up to the Al composition of x = 0.474 clearly indicates that the long-range periodicity of the monoclinic lattice is maintained throughout the investigated Al composition range. Our results provide an insight into the phonon mode behavior of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 alloys, which is necessary to have a better understanding of their physical properties.
Real-space observation of magnetic transitions in RMn6Sn6 (R = Ho, Dy) kagome magnets
Authors: Wang Zhan , Xu Jiawang , Li Zhuolin , Xu Tiankuo , Li Jianqi , Zhao Tongyun , Cai Jianwang , Zhang Ying , Shen Baogen
Published: March 2023

Rare-earth RMn6Sn6 magnets reattract the attention due to their recently discovered topological properties in a strong correlation with a kagome magnetic lattice and different rare-earth magnetic elements. To understand the microscopic mechanism and discover topological spin textures, we report here the real-space observation of temperature-induced spin reorientation transition in RMn6Sn6 (R = Ho, Dy) magnets. The magnetic domain evolution corresponding to the magnetization deviation from the ab-plane into a cone state is in situ demonstrated by using Lorenz transmission electron microscopy and, moreover, individual biskyrmions are generated at room temperature under an external magnetic field in DyMn6Sn6.
Numerical simulation of energy transfer in radiative hybrid nanofluids flow influenced by second-order chemical reaction and magnetic field
Authors: Assiri Taghreed A. , Aziz Elsebaee Fayza Abdel , Alqahtani Aisha M. , Bilal Muhammad , Ali Aatif , Eldin Sayed M.
Published: March 2023

In this mathematical model, the consequences of Soret and Dufour’s effects on energy and mass transport have been reported. The hybrid nanofluid (hnf) comprised of silver (Ag) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nps is studied over a stretching rotating sheet. The influence of thermal radiation, second-order chemical reaction, activation energy, and the magnetic field is also applied to the fluid flow. The phenomena are designed in form of nonlinear Partial differential equations (PDEs), which are reduced to dimensionless ordinary differential equations through similarity replacement. Furthermore, the parametric continuation method (PCM) has been employed to estimate the reduced form of differential equations. The graphical results are obtained for velocity, mass, and energy profiles vs different physical interest entities. It has been noted that the velocity curve drops vs the variation of stretching sheet rotation factor, Hartmann number, and the mounting number of MgO and Ag nano particulates. Furthermore, the hnf (MgO–Ag/water) has greater efficiency for momentum and energy dissemination rate as compared to nanofluid.
Improving the cooldown times for next-generation cryocooled gravitational-wave interferometers
Authors: Bonilla Edgard , Salone Jaimi , Lantz Brian , Galper Aaron , Stults Faith
Published: March 2023

We propose and test an exchange gas technique for improving the cooldown times of cryocooled gravitational-wave interferometers. The technique works by utilizing low-pressure dry nitrogen gas to create a path for heat conduction to test masses while protecting the rest of the in-vacuum equipment from unwanted heat leakage. We show that the technique is capable of shortening the total wait time to reach the operating temperature by a factor of 3.5. Additionally, our tests show that the improvement in the heat transfer rate can be predicted to be within 10% error by using the Sherman-Lees interpolation equation. The technique is compatible with vibration isolation requirements of the cryogenic shielding of 124 K silicon interferometers and has the potential to improve the iteration time for research and development. The scalability of the prototype, the ability to predict the heat conduction, and the simplicity of the engineering make the strategy a good candidate to be included in the cryogenic design of future cryocooled gravitational-wave interferometers. The findings mark a first step in the investigation for a strategy to mitigate ice formation on the interferometer optics during initial cooldown.
For living well, behaviors and circumstances matter just as much as psychological traits
Authors: Hobbs William R. , Ong Anthony D.
Published: March 2023

In 2004 through 2016, three studies in the national Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) project asked participants the open-ended question “What do you do to make life go well?”. We use verbatim responses to this question to evaluate the relative importance of psychological traits and circumstances for predicting self-reported, subjective well-being. The use of an open-ended question allows us to test the hypothesis that psychological traits are more strongly associated with self-reported well-being than objective circumstances because psychological traits and well-being are similarly self-rated—meaning that they both ask respondents to decide how to place themselves on provided and unfamiliar survey scales. For this, we use automated zero-shot classification to score statements about well-being without training on existing survey measures, and we evaluate this scoring through subsequent hand-labeling. We then assess associations of this measure and closed-ended measures for health behaviors, socioeconomic circumstances, biomarkers for inflammation and glycemic control, and mortality risk over follow-up. Although the closed-ended measures were far more strongly associated with other multiple-choice self-ratings, including Big 5 personality traits, the closed- and open-ended measures were similarly associated with relatively objective indicators of health, wealth, and social connectedness. The findings suggest that psychological traits, when collected through self-ratings, predict subjective reports of well-being so strongly because of a measurement advantage—and that circumstance matters just as much when assessed using a fairer comparison.
Optical dipole-induced anisotropic growth of semiconductors: A facile strategy toward chiral and complex nanostructures
Authors: Lu Xiaolin , Wang Xujie , Liu Yong , Ding Tao
Published: March 2023

Chiral nanostructures based on semiconductors exhibit pronounced properties of chiral luminescence and optoelectronic responses, which are fundamental for chiroptoelectronic devices. However, the state-of-the-art techniques of generating semiconductors with chiral configurations are poorly developed, most of which are complicated or of low yield, rendering low compatibility to the platform of optoelectronic devices. Here we show polarization-directed oriented growth of platinum oxide/sulfide nanoparticles based on optical dipole interactions and near-field–enhanced photochemical deposition. By rotating the polarization during the irradiation or employing vector beam, both three dimensional and planar chiral nanostructures can be obtained, which is extendable to cadmium sulfide. These chiral superstructures exhibit broadband optical activity with a g-factor of ~0.2 and a luminescence g-factor of ~0.5 in the visible, making them promising candidate for chiroptoelectronic devices.
Cryo-EM structure of the four-subunit
Rhodobacter sphaeroides
cytochrome
bc
1
complex in styrene maleic acid nanodiscs
Authors: Swainsbury David J. K. , Hawkings Frederick R. , Martin Elizabeth C. , Musiał Sabina , Salisbury Jack H. , Jackson Philip J. , Farmer David A. , Johnson Matthew P. , Siebert C. Alistair , Hitchcock Andrew , Hunter C. Neil
Published: March 2023

Cytochrome
bc
1
complexes are ubiquinol:cytochrome
c
oxidoreductases, and as such, they are centrally important components of respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer chains in many species of bacteria and in mitochondria. The minimal complex has three catalytic components, which are cytochrome
b
, cytochrome
c
1
, and the Rieske iron–sulfur subunit, but the function of mitochondrial cytochrome
bc
1
complexes is modified by up to eight supernumerary subunits. The cytochrome
bc
1
complex from the purple phototrophic bacterium
Rhodobacter
 
sphaeroides
has a single supernumerary subunit called subunit IV, which is absent from current structures of the complex. In this work we use the styrene–maleic acid copolymer to purify the
R. sphaeroides
cytochrome
bc
1
complex in native lipid nanodiscs, which retains the labile subunit IV, annular lipids, and natively bound quinones. The catalytic activity of the four-subunit cytochrome
bc
1
complex is threefold higher than that of the complex lacking subunit IV. To understand the role of subunit IV, we determined the structure of the four-subunit complex at 2.9 Å using single particle cryogenic electron microscopy. The structure shows the position of the transmembrane domain of subunit IV, which lies across the transmembrane helices of the Rieske and cytochrome
c
1
subunits. We observe a quinone at the Q
o
quinone-binding site and show that occupancy of this site is linked to conformational changes in the Rieske head domain during catalysis. Twelve lipids were structurally resolved, making contacts with the Rieske and cytochrome
b
subunits, with some spanning both of the two monomers that make up the dimeric complex.
Peroxisomal metabolic coupling improves fatty alcohol production from sole methanol in yeast
Authors: Zhai Xiaoxin , Gao Jiaoqi , Li Yunxia , Grininger Martin , Zhou Yongjin J.
Published: March 2023

Methanol is an ideal feedstock for chemical and biological manufacturing. Constructing an efficient cell factory is essential for producing complex compounds through methanol biotransformation, in which coordinating methanol use and product synthesis is often necessary. In methylotrophic yeast, methanol utilization mainly occurs in peroxisomes, which creates challenges in driving the metabolic flux toward product biosynthesis. Here, we observed that constructing the cytosolic biosynthesis pathway resulted in compromised fatty alcohol production in the methylotrophic yeast
Ogataea polymorpha
. Alternatively, peroxisomal coupling of fatty alcohol biosynthesis and methanol utilization significantly improved fatty alcohol production by 3.9-fold. Enhancing the supply of precursor fatty acyl-CoA and cofactor NADPH in the peroxisomes by global metabolic rewiring further improved fatty alcohol production by 2.5-fold and produced 3.6 g/L fatty alcohols from methanol under fed-batch fermentation. We demonstrated that peroxisome compartmentalization is helpful for coupling methanol utilization and product synthesis, and with this approach, constructing efficient microbial cell factories for methanol biotransformation is feasible.
Mixing adjectives
Authors: Torres Cacoullos Rena , Vélez Avilés Jessica
Published: March 2023

How do bilinguals mix adjectives and nouns from two languages with a word order conflict at the boundary between them? Prominently competing theories of code-switching (CS) that appeal to abstract features or to a matrix language remain in a stalemate, since their predictions have been reported to mostly coincide. Here, we contribute data from northern New Mexico bilingual community members who switch between Spanish and English in both directions. Beyond the NP-internal mixes within the purview of the theories, the widened data set encompasses all relevant mixes and positions: every adjective or associated noun at the boundary with the other language. We thus assess lone-item and multi-word mixing types, distinguishing also between multi-word CS at different points of the NP. Multi-word CS at the adjective-noun boundary is indeed rare. These bilinguals choose CS after the determiner with prenominal modifiers in English adjective-noun pairs, as previously observed, and at the external NP boundary. Furthermore, they disproportionately prefer the shared predicative position. Accounting for all adjective mixes, the Variable Equivalence hypothesis proposes that, where cross-language equivalence is not consistent due to language-internal variability, bilinguals prefer CS at alternative syntactic boundaries that are consistently equivalent and more frequent in their combined linguistic experience.
Two methods of forming flat magnetic structures in magnetic films with topological features
Authors: Magadeev E B , Vakhitov R M , Kanbekov R R
Published: March 2023

The paper investigates vortex-like structures observed in ferromagnetic films with strong uniaxial easy-plane anisotropy in the presence of topological features in them. Two approaches to the creation of such features are considered, namely, perforation of the sample and the inclusion of artificial defects in it, and a theorem on their equivalence is proved, according to which the structure of magnetic inhomogeneities arising in the film itself turns out to be the same for both approaches. In the second case, the properties of magnetic vortices formed on defects are also studied, and for cylindrical defects explicit analytical expressions for the energy and configuration of vortices are obtained, which are applicable in a wide range of values of material parameters.
Nanoporous GaN by selective area sublimation through an epitaxial nanomask: AlN versus Si
x
N
y
Authors: Damilano B , Vézian S , Brault J , Ruterana P , Gil B , Tchernycheva M
Published: March 2023

Nanoporous GaN layers were fabricated using selective area sublimation through a self-organized AlN nanomask in a molecular beam epitaxy reactor. The obtained pore morphology, density and size were measured using plan-view and cross-section scanning electron microscopy experiments. It was found that the porosity of the GaN layers could be adjusted from 0.04 to 0.9 by changing the AlN nanomask thickness and sublimation conditions. The room temperature photoluminescence properties as a function of the porosity were analysed. In particular, a strong improvement (>100) of the room temperature photoluminescence intensity was observed for porous GaN layers with a porosity in the 0.4–0.65 range. The characteristics of these porous layers were compared to those obtained with a Si
x
N
y
nanomask. Furthermore, the regrowth of p-type GaN on light emitting diode structures made porous by using either an AlN or a Si
x
N
y
nanomask were compared.
Design of behavior prediction model of molybdenum disulfide magnetic tunnel junctions using deep networks
Authors: Makdey Swapnali , Patrikar Rajendra
Published: March 2023

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) are widely used in spintronics development owing to their high scalability and minimal power consumption. However, analyzing the electrical and magnetic behaviors of MTJ in real-time applications is challenging. In this study, an MTJ based on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is designed, and a novel deep Elman neural behavior prediction model is developed to analyze its behavior. MoS2 acts as a tunnel barrier in the proposed model, whereas iron oxide (Fe3O4) acts as a ferromagnetic electrode. The interface between Fe3O4 and MoS2 in the MTJ improves the spin polarization and tunnel magnetoresistance ratio. Herein, the performance parameters of the MTJ are used as inputs for the developed prediction model, which analyzes the magnetic and electrical properties of the MTJ using prediction parameters. The spin currents in the parallel and antiparallel configurations are also determined. The designed model is implemented using MATLAB and validated by comparing simulation and experimental results. Moreover, a maximum resistivity of 91 Ω is attained at a temperature of 300 K for the proposed model. At 120 K, under a positive bias, the proposed model achieves a TMR ratio of 0.936. Under negative bias, the maximum TMR ratio attained by the proposed model is 0.817.
Inverse analysis of micro-mechanical parameters of rock-forming minerals based on nano-indentation technology
Authors: Hu Lingbao , Wang Fuzeng , Meng Yanxin , Jiang Feng
Published: March 2023

The micro-mechanical properties of rock-forming minerals have an important influence on the macro-mechanical properties of rocks. However, it was difficult to obtain the micro-mechanical parameters of rock-forming minerals directly through traditional experiments. In this paper, an inverse method of micro-mechanical parameters of rock-forming minerals based on nano-indentation technology was proposed. In the forward analysis, the nano-indentation test was performed on four typical granite minerals. In the reverse analysis, an axisymmetric finite element model was used to simulate the nano-indentation test on granite minerals. Then, the calibration procedure of micro-mechanical parameters based on central composite design was established to reproduce the nano-indentation curves of four typical granite minerals. In order to verify the validity of inversion results, the optimized micro-mechanical parameters were inputted into the finite element model to gain the numerical curves, and they were compared with the curves of nano-indentation test, the simulated curves match well with the test results. Furthermore, the uniaxial compression model of rock based on mineral were established to further verify the accuracy of inversion results, the simulation results show that the inversion results can better simulate the macro-mechanical properties of rock. This study develops an inverse method of rock-forming minerals based on nano-indentation test, and it may be helpful to explain the macro-mechanical properties of rock from the micro-mechanical perspective and to establish the micro-mechanical model of rock.
Vector dark–bright pulses from a ytterbium doped fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear multimode interference
Authors: Gupta Pradeep K , Singh C P , Mukhopadhyay P K , Dixit S K , Bindra K S
Published: March 2023

We report dark–bright pulse pair generation from the ytterbium doped fiber laser mode-locked by cascaded nonlinear multimode interference (MMI) effect under an all-normal dispersion configuration. The MMI is implemented in a step index single mode–multimode–single mode fiber structure. The combination of two MMI structures, acting like a saturable absorber, has been used for stable mode-locking operation in the resonator. By adjusting the polarization controller attached to one of the MMI structure, stable dark–bright pulses are observed at fundamental, second and third harmonic repetition rates. The optical spectrum of the dark–bright pulses is doubly peaked at 1036.6 and 1040.6 nm with a spectral width ∼0.7 nm. The width of the dark pulses varied from 72 to 50 ns and that of the bright pulses from 30 to 14 ns when the pump power is increased from 102 to 170 mW at the fundamental repetition rate mode-locking. The darkness of the dark and intensity of bright pulses increase with the pump power. Dark and bright pulses in the pair are resolved by placing a polarizing component confirming their vector nature.
The Stellar Spectra Factory (SSF) Based on SLAM
Authors: Ji Wei , Liu Chao , Zhang Bo
Published: March 2023

An empirical stellar spectral library with large coverage of stellar parameters is essential for stellar population synthesis and studies of stellar evolution. In this work, we present Stellar Spectra Factory (SSF), a tool to generate empirical-based stellar spectra from arbitrary stellar atmospheric parameters. The relative flux-calibrated empirical spectra can be predicted by SSF given arbitrary effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity. SSF constructs the interpolation approach based on the Stellar LAbel Machine, using ATLAS-A library, which contains spectra covering from O type to M type, as the training data set. SSF is composed of four data-driven sub-models to predict empirical stellar spectra. Sub-model SSF-N can generate spectra from A to K type and some M giant stars, covering 3700 < T
eff < 8700 K, 0 <

log
g

< dex, and −1.5 < [M/H] < 0.5 dex. Sub-model SSF-gM is mainly used to predict M giant spectra with 3520 < T
eff < 4000 K and −1.5 < [M/H] < 0.4 dex. Sub-model SSF-dM is for generating M dwarf spectra with 3295 < T
eff < 4040 K, −1.0 < [M/H] < 0.1 dex. Sub-model SSF-B can predict B-type spectra with 9000 < T
eff < 24,000 K and −5.2 < M

G
< 1.5 mag. The accuracy of the predicted spectra is validated by comparing the flux of predicted spectra to those with same stellar parameters selected from the known spectral libraries, MILES and MaStar. The averaged difference of flux over optical wavelength between the predicted spectra and the corresponding ones in MILES and MaStar is less than 5%. More verification is conducted between the magnitudes calculated from the integration of the predicted spectra and the observations in PS1 and APASS bands with the same stellar parameters. No significant systematic difference is found between the predicted spectra and the photometric observations. The uncertainty is 0.08 mag in the r band for SSF-gM when comparing with the stars with the same stellar parameters selected from PS1. The uncertainty becomes 0.31 mag in the i band for SSF-dM when comparing with the stars with the same stellar parameters selected from APASS.
A high-intensity superconducting H+
3 cyclotron for isotope production
Authors: Rao Y.-N. , Zhang L.G. , Baartman R. , Bylinskii Y. , Koay H.W. , Planche T.
Published: March 2023

We're concerned with future accelerators of high intensity
protons for isotope production. To this end, we initiate a proposal
to design an innovative superconducting H+
3 cyclotron TR150,
aiming at proton energy of 70–150 MeV and proton current
of ∼ 1.0 mA. Cyclotrons in this energy range are not developed
world-wide; moreover numerous highly interesting and increasingly
demanded radio­nuclides are in this energy range. Our machine shall
be designed to accelerate H+
3 ion, the simplest and stable
triatomic molecular ion, by injection from an external ion source
and extraction by stripping. This has potential to extract proton
beam of variable energies with very high extraction efficiency, and
thus enables to simultaneously provide multiple proton beams for
multiple external production targets. A baseline design of our
machine and the beam dynamics studies are presented in this paper.
Beam dynamics and space charge studies for the InnovaTron cyclotron
Authors: D'Agostino G. , Kleeven W.
Published: March 2023

At IBA a high-intensity compact self-extracting cyclotron is
being studied. There is no dedicated extraction device but instead,
a special shaping of the magnetic iron and the use of harmonic coils
to create large turn-separation. Proton currents up to 5 mA are
aimed for. This would open new ways for large-scale production of
medical radioisotopes. The main features of the cyclotron are
presented. A major variable of the beam simulations is the space
charge effect in the cyclotron centre. Using the SCALA-solver of
Opera3D, we attempt to find the ion source plasma meniscus and the
beam phase space and current extracted from it. With these
properties known, we study the bunch formation and acceleration
under high space charge condition with our in-house tracking code
AOC. We also discuss a new tool that automates optimization of
cyclotron settings for maximizing beam properties such as extraction
efficiency.
Cyclotron beam extraction by acceleration
Authors: Baumgarten C.
Published: March 2023

One of the decisive issues in the design and operation of
cyclotrons is the choice of the beam extraction method. Typical
methods are extraction by electrostatic extractors and by
stripping. The former method requires DC high voltage electrodes
which are notorious for high-voltage breakdowns. The latter method
requires beams of atomic or molecular ions which are notorious for
rest gas and Lorentz stripping. Here we discuss the conditions to
be met such that a beam will leave the magnetic field of an
isochronous cyclotron purely by fast acceleration.
Electronic frustration, Berry’s phase interference and slow dynamics in some tight-binding systems coupled to harmonic baths
Authors: Makri Nancy
Published: March 2023

Conical intersections in two-state systems require a coordinate-dependent coupling. This paper identifies and investigates conical intersections in cyclic tight-binding system-bath Hamiltonians with an odd number of sites and a constant site-to-site coupling. In the absence of bath degrees of freedom, such tight-binding systems with a positive coupling parameter exhibit electronic frustration and a doubly-degenerate ground state. When these systems interact with a harmonic bath, the degeneracy becomes a conical intersection between the adiabatic ground and first excited states. Under weak system-bath coupling, overlapping wavefunctions associated with different sites give rise to distinct pathways with interfering geometric phases, which lead to considerably slower transfer dynamics. The effect is most pronounced in the presence of low-temperature dissipative baths characterized by a continuous spectral density. It is found that the transfer dynamics and equilibration time of a cyclic dissipative three-site system with a positive coupling exceeds that of a similar three-site system with a negative coupling, as well as that of cyclic four-site systems, by an order of magnitude.