bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtual‐Reality Simulator System for Double Interventional Cardiac Catheterization Using Fractional‐Order Vascular Access Tracker and Haptic Force Producer
Authors: Chen Guan-Chun , Lin Chia-Hung , Li Chien-Ming , Hsieh Kai-Sheng , Du Yi-Chun , Chen Tainsong
Published: June 2015

This study proposes virtual‐reality (VR) simulator system for double interventional cardiac catheterization (ICC) using fractional‐order vascular access tracker and haptic force producer. An endoscope or a catheter for diagnosis and surgery of cardiovascular disease has been commonly used in minimally invasive surgery. It needs specific skills and experiences for young surgeons or postgraduate year (PGY) students to operate a Berman catheter and a pigtail catheter in the inside of the human body and requires avoiding damaging vessels. To improve the training in inserting catheters, a double‐catheter mechanism is designed for the ICC procedures. A fractional‐order vascular access tracker is used to trace the senior surgeons’ consoled trajectories and transmit the frictional feedback and visual feedback during the insertion of catheters. Based on the clinical feeling through the aortic arch, vein into the ventricle, or tortuous blood vessels, haptic force producer is used to mock the elasticity of the vessel wall using voice coil motors (VCMs). The VR establishment with surgeons’ consoled vessel trajectories and hand feeling is achieved, and the experimental results show the effectiveness for the double ICC procedures.
Seismic Response Reduction of Structures Equipped with a Voided Biaxial Slab-Based Tuned Rolling Mass Damper
Authors: Li Shujin , Fu Liming , Kong Fan
Published: June 2015

This paper proposes a novel tuned mass damper (TMD) embedded in hollow slabs of civil structures. The hollow slabs in this context, also referred to as “voided biaxial reinforced concrete slabs,” feature a large interior space of prefabricated voided modules that are necessary in the construction of this special structural system. In this regard, a tuned rolling mass damper system (“TRoMaDaS”) is newly proposed, in combination with hollow slabs, to act as an ensemble passive damping device mitigating structural responses. The main advantage of this TMD configuration lies in its capacity to maintain architectural integrity. To further investigate the potential application of the proposed TRoMaDaS in seismic response mitigation, theoretical and numerical studies, including deterministic and stochastic analyses, were performed. They were achieved by deterministic dynamic modeling using Lagrange’s equation and the statistical linearization method. Finally, the promising control efficacy obtained from the deterministic/stochastic analysis confirmed the potential application of this newly proposed control device.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Reverses Ammonium Metavanadate-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Rats
Authors: Tlili Mounira , Rouatbi Sonia , Sriha Badreddine , Ben Rhouma Khémais , Sakly Mohsen , Vaudry David , Wurtz Olivier , Tebourbi Olfa
Published: June 2015

The rate of atmospheric vanadium is constantly increasing due to fossil fuel combustion. This environmental pollution favours vanadium exposure in particular to its vanadate form, causing occupational bronchial asthma and bronchitis. Based on the well admitted bronchodilator properties of the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), we investigated the ability of this neuropeptide to reverse the vanadate-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in rats. Exposure to ammonium metavanadate aerosols (5 mg/m3/h) for 15 minutes induced 4 hours later an array of pathophysiological events, including increase of bronchial resistance and histological alterations, activation of proinflammatory alveolar macrophages, and increased oxidative stress status. Powerfully, PACAP inhalation (0.1 mM) for 10 minutes alleviated many of these deleterious effects as demonstrated by a decrease of bronchial resistance and histological restoration. PACAP reduced the level of expression of mRNA encoding inflammatory chemokines (MIP-1α, MIP-2, and KC) and cytokines (IL-1αand TNF-α) in alveolar macrophages and improved the antioxidant status. PACAP reverses the vanadate-induced airway hyperresponsiveness not only through its bronchodilator activity but also by counteracting the proinflammatory and prooxidative effects of the metal. Then, the development of stable analogs of PACAP could represent a promising therapeutic alternative for the treatment of inflammatory respiratory disorders.
Chemical and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Polyurethane/Polylactide Blends
Authors: Brzeska Joanna , Heimowska Aleksandra , Sikorska Wanda , Jasińska-Walc Lidia , Kowalczuk Marek , Rutkowska Maria
Published: June 2015

Polyether-esterurethanes containing synthetic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (R,S-PHB) and polyoxytetramethylenediol in soft segments and polyesterurethanes with poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate] were blended with poly([D,L]-lactide) (PLA). The products were tested in terms of their oil and water absorption. Oil sorption tests of polyether-esterurethane revealed their higher response in comparison to polyesterurethanes. Blending of polyether-esterurethanes with PLA caused the increase of oil sorption. The highest water sorption was observed for blends of polyether-esterurethane, obtained with 10% of R,S-PHB in soft segments. The samples mass of polyurethanes and their blends were almost not changed after incubation in phosphate buffer and trypsin and lipase solutions. Nevertheless the molecular weight of polymers was significantly reduced after degradation. It was especially visible in case of incubation of samples in phosphate buffer what suggested the chemical hydrolysis of polymer chains. The changes of surface of polyurethanes and their blends, after incubation in both enzymatic solutions, indicated on enzymatic degradation, which had been started despite the lack of mass lost. Polyurethanes and their blends, contained more R,S-PHB in soft segments, were degraded faster.
1H NMR Metabolic Profiling of Biofluids from Rats with Gastric Mucosal Lesion and Electroacupuncture Treatment
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Cheng Kian-Kai , Yang Zongbao , Wang Chao , Shen Guiping , Wang Yadong , Liu Qiong , Dong Jiyang
Published: June 2015

Gastric mucosal lesion (GML) is a common gastrointestinal disorder with multiple pathogenic mechanisms in clinical practice. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), electroacupuncture (EA) treatment has been proven as an effective therapy for GML, although the underlying healing mechanism is not yet clear. Here, we used proton nuclear magnetic resonance- (1H NMR-) based metabolomic method to investigate the metabolic perturbation induced by GML and the therapeutic effect of EA treatment on stomach meridian (SM) acupoints. Clear metabolic differences were observed between GML and control groups, and related metabolic pathways were discussed by means of online metabolic network analysis toolbox. By comparing the endogenous metabolites from GML and GML-SM groups, the disturbed pathways were partly recovered towards healthy state via EA treated on SM acupoints. Further comparison of the metabolic variations induced by EA stimulated on SM and the control gallbladder meridian (GM) acupoints showed a quite similar metabolite composition except for increased phenylacetylglycine, 3,4-dihydroxymandelate, and meta-hydroxyphenylacetate and decreased N-methylnicotinamide in urine from rats with EA treated on SM acupoints. The current study showed the potential application of metabolomics in providing further insight into the molecular mechanism of acupuncture.
Impacts of Limestone Particle Size on the Performance of Flexible Wood Fiber Composite Floor
Authors: He Hongcheng , Nie Jinling , Wang Jing
Published: June 2015

Sustainable wood floor (WFF), produced from natural plants, is a sort of novel green and ecofriendly composite floor, which has been attracting more and more attention in the world. WFF also gives a solution of utilizations of agricultural wastes, such as bamboo mats and hemp hurd. The additive limestone powder plays key role in the performance of flexible bamboo composite floor, so, in this paper, the effects of limestone size and size distributions were investigated. The best particle size distributions of limestone are 25 wt% of 48 μm, 25 wt% of 106 μm, and 50 wt% of 160 μm. The as-obtained WFF has good elasticity, good affinity, and strong comfortableness as well as free formaldehyde release.
Fructose Metabolism and Relation to Atherosclerosis, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity
Authors: Kolderup Astrid , Svihus Birger
Published: June 2015

A high intake of sugars has been linked to diet-induced health problems. The fructose content in sugars consumed may also affect health, although the extent to which fructose has a particularly significant negative impact on health remains controversial. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the body’s fructose management and to discuss the role of fructose as a risk factor for atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. Despite some positive effects of fructose, such as high relative sweetness, high thermogenic effect, and low glycaemic index, a high intake of fructose, particularly when combined with glucose, can, to a larger extent than a similar glucose intake, lead to metabolic changes in the liver. Increasedde novolipogenesis (DNL), and thus altered blood lipid profile, seems to be the most prominent change. More studies with realistic consumption levels of fructose are needed, but current literature does not indicate that a normal consumption of fructose (approximately 50–60 g/day) increases the risk of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, or obesity more than consumption of other sugars. However, a high intake of fructose, particularly if combined with a high energy intake in the form of glucose/starch, may have negative health effects via DNL.
Optimal Endpoint of Therapy in IBD: An Update on Factors Determining a Successful Drug Withdrawal
Authors: Annaházi Anita , Molnár Tamás
Published: June 2015

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) are chronic inflammatory disorders, which require long term treatment to achieve remission and to prevent relapses and cancer. While current therapies are effective in most cases, they can have rare but serious side effects and are often associated with high costs. On the other hand, early discontinuation of an effective treatment may lead to a quick relapse and to complications at the restart of therapy. Therefore it is essential to determine the optimal duration of maintenance therapy, but clear guidelines are missing. The most important questions when deciding whether to continue or withdraw therapy in quiescent UC and CD patients are the efficacy of the continuous treatment to maintain remission in the long term, the frequency and severity of side effects, and the chance of relapse after discontinuation of therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge on these topics with respect to 5-aminosalicylates, thiopurines, methotrexate, and biological therapies and collects information regarding when and in which specific patient groups, in the absence of risk factors, can withdrawal of therapy be considered without a high risk of relapse. Additionally, the particular aspect of colorectal cancer prevention by current therapies will also be discussed.
A Method for Community Detection of Complex Networks Based on Hierarchical Clustering
Authors: Yin Chuantao , Zhu Shuaibing , Chen Hui , Zhang Bingxue , David Bertrand
Published: June 2015

Due to the development and popularization of Internet, there is more and more research focusing on complex networks. Research shows that there exists community structure in complex networks. Finding out community structure helps to extract useful information in complex networks, so the research on community detection is becoming a hotspot in recent years. There are two remarkable problems in detecting communities. Firstly, the detection accuracy is normally not very high; Secondly, the assessment criteria are not very effective when real communities are unknown. This paper proposes an algorithm for community detection based on hierarchical clustering (CDHC Algorithm). CDHC Algorithm firstly creates initial communities from global central nodes, then expands the initial communities layer by layer according to the link strength between nodes and communities, and at last merges some very small communities into large communities. This paper also proposes the concept of extensive modularity, overcoming some weakness of modularity. The extensive modularity can better evaluate the effectiveness of algorithms for community detection. This paper verifies the advantage of extensive modularity through experiments and compares CDHC Algorithm and some other representative algorithms for community detection on some frequently used datasets, so as to verify the effectiveness and advantages of CDHC Algorithm.
Personal Authentication Using Multifeatures Multispectral Palm Print Traits
Authors: Rajagopal Gayathri , Manoharan Senthil Kumar
Published: June 2015

Biometrics authentication is an effective method for automatically recognizing a person’s identity with high confidence. Multispectral palm print biometric system is relatively new biometric technology and is in the progression of being endlessly refined and developed. Multispectral palm print biometric system is a promising biometric technology for use in various applications including banking solutions, access control, hospital, construction, and forensic applications. This paper proposes a multispectral palm print recognition method with extraction of multiple features using kernel principal component analysis and modified finite radon transform. Finally, the images are classified using Local Mean K‐Nearest Centroid Neighbor algorithm. The proposed method efficiently accommodates the rotational, potential deformations and translational changes by encoding the orientation conserving features. The proposed system analyses the hand vascular authentication using two databases acquired with touch‐based and contactless imaging setup collected from multispectral Poly U palm print database and CASIA database. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed multispectral palm print authentication obtained better result compared to other methods discussed in the literature.
Clinical Effect of Shenfu Injection in Patients with Septic Shock: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Mou Zijun , Lv Zhengtao , Li Yi , Wang Meng , Xu Qun , Yu Xuezhong
Published: June 2015

Purpose. To conduct a meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of Shenfu injection for treating patients with septic shock when compared with conventional therapy.Methods. Eight databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM were searched up to October 2014. Randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of Shenfu injection were identified. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, lactate, and mortality were included as outcome measurements.Results. We analyzed data from 12 randomized controlled trials involving 904 participants. Compared with conventional therapy, Shenfu injection could further increase the mean arterial pressure at 1 hour (SMD 0.38; 95% CI, 0.01–0.74) and 6 hours (SMD 0.82; 95% CI, 0.03–1.61). Shenfu injection could further normalize heart rate at 6 hours (SMD −0.90; 95% CI, −1.47–0.33) and clear serum lactate at 6 hours (SMD −0.51; 95% CI, −0.70–0.32) and 24 hours (SMD, 0.52; 95% CI, −0.77–0.26). As the endpoint of mortality was not unified, it was not meta-analyzed.Conclusions. Based on the findings in present review, Shenfu injection is more effective than conventional therapy in increasing mean arterial pressure, normalizing heart rate, clearing serum lactate, and reducing mortality. These results should be confirmed in higher level clinical trials in the future.
Hypothyroidism Affects Vascularization and Promotes Immune Cells Infiltration into Pancreatic Islets of Female Rabbits
Authors: Rodríguez-Castelán Julia , Martínez-Gómez Margarita , Castelán Francisco , Cuevas Estela
Published: June 2015

Thyroidectomy induces pancreatic edema and immune cells infiltration similarly to that observed in pancreatitis. In spite of the controverted effects of hypothyroidism on serum glucose and insulin concentrations, the number and proliferation of Langerhans islet cells as well as the presence of extracellular matrix are affected depending on the islet size. In this study, we evaluated the effect of methimazole-induced hypothyroidism on the vascularization and immune cells infiltration into islets. A general observation of pancreas was also done. TwelveChinchilla-breed female adult rabbits were divided into controln=6and hypothyroid groups (n=6, methimazole, 0.02% in drinking water for 30 days). After the treatment, rabbits were sacrificed and their pancreas was excised, histologically processed, and stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) or Masson’s Trichrome techniques. Islets were arbitrarily classified into large, medium, and small ones. The external and internal portions of each islet were also identified. Student-t-test and Mann-Whitney-Utest or two-way ANOVAs were used to compare variables between groups. In comparison with control rabbits, hypothyroidism induced a strong infiltration of immune cells and a major presence of collagen and proteoglycans in the interlobular septa. Large islets showed a high vascularization and immune cells infiltration. The present results show that hypothyroidism induces pancreatitis and insulitis.
Evaluation of Antifungal Activity and Mode of Action of New Coumarin Derivative, 7-Hydroxy-6-nitro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, againstAspergillusspp.
Authors: Guerra Felipe Queiroga Sarmento , Araújo Rodrigo Santos Aquino de , Sousa Janiere Pereira de , Pereira Fillipe de Oliveira , Mendonça-Junior Francisco J. B. , Barbosa-Filho José M. , de Oliveira Lima Edeltrudes
Published: June 2015

Aspergillusspp. produce a wide variety of diseases. For the treatment of such infections, the azoles and Amphotericin B are used in various formulations. The treatment of fungal diseases is often ineffective, because of increases in azole resistance and their several associated adverse effects. To overcome these problems, natural products and their derivatives are interesting alternatives. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of coumarin derivative, 7-hydroxy-6-nitro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (Cou-NO2), both alone and with antifungal drugs. Its mode of action againstAspergillusspp. Cou-NO2was tested to evaluate its effects on mycelia growth and germination of fungal conidia ofAspergillusspp. We also investigated possible Cou-NO2action on cell walls (0.8 M sorbitol) and on Cou-NO2to ergosterol binding in the cell membrane. The study shows that Cou-NO2is capable of inhibiting both the mycelia growth and germination of conidia for the species tested, and that its action affects the structure of the fungal cell wall. At subinhibitory concentration, Cou-NO2enhanced thein vitroeffects of azoles. Moreover, in combination with azoles (voriconazole and itraconazole) Cou-NO2displays an additive effect. Thus, our study supports the use of coumarin derivative 7-hydroxy-6-nitro-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one as an antifungal agent againstAspergillusspecies.
Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Comparability of Subjective and Objective Measurements of Intraocular Forward Scattering in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Iijima Ayaka , Shimizu Kimiya , Kobashi Hidenaga , Saito Aya , Kamiya Kazutaka
Published: June 2015

Purpose. To assess the repeatability, reproducibility, and comparability of measurements of subjective and objective forward scattering in healthy subjects.Methods. We prospectively examined twenty eyes of 20 healthy volunteers (7 men and 13 women; ages, 28.4 ± 4.1 years). The logarithmic straylight value (log(s)) and the objective scattering index (OSI) were measured with a straylight meter (C-Quant) and a point-spread function meter (OQAS), respectively.Results. The 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between first and second measurements ranged from −0.211 to 0.207 for the C-Quant and from −0.302 to 0.477 for the OQAS. The intraclass correlation coefficients for the repeatability of the log(s) and OSI measurements were 0.815 and 0.926, respectively. The mean difference between examiners was −0.051 ± 0.133 (95% LoA; −0.311 to 0.209) for the C-Quant and 0.080 ± 0.307 (−0.522 to 0.682) for the OQAS. There was a modest, but significant, correlation between the log(s) and the OSI (Spearman correlation coefficientr=0.498,p=0.026).Conclusions. The C-Quant and the OQAS provide good repeatability and reproducibility, although the OQAS measurement provides a slightly higher ICC than the C-Quant measurement. The subjective forward scattering may be to some extent expressed in the objective forward scattering in healthy subjects.
Flavonoid Fraction of Orange and Bergamot Juices Protect Human Lung Epithelial Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ferlazzo Nadia , Visalli Giuseppa , Smeriglio Antonella , Cirmi Santa , Lombardo Giovanni Enrico , Campiglia Pietro , Di Pietro Angela , Navarra Michele
Published: June 2015

It has been reported that oxidant/antioxidant imbalance triggers cell damage that in turn causes a number of lung diseases. Flavonoids are known for their health benefits, andCitrusfruits juices are one of the main food sources of these secondary plant metabolites. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of the flavonoid fraction of bergamot and orange juices, on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human lung epithelial A549 cells. First we tested the antioxidant properties of both extracts in cell-free experimental models and then we assayed their capability to prevent the cytotoxic effects induced by H2O2. Our results demonstrated that bothCitrusjuice extracts reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation, improve mitochondrial functionality, and prevent DNA-oxidative damage in A549 cells incubated with H2O2. Our data indicate that the mix of flavonoids present in both bergamot and orange juices may be of use in preventing oxidative cell injury and pave the way for further research into a novel healthy approach to avoid lung disorders.
Cardiovascular Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Incident Exposure to Insulin Glargine
Authors: Ioacara Sorin , Guja Cristian , Reghina Aura , Martin Sorina , Sirbu Anca , Fica Simona
Published: June 2015

The study investigated the impact of insulin glargine exposure on cardiovascular mortality in type 2 diabetes patients with incident insulin initiation. All consecutive diabetes patients aged >40 years were screened at their first diabetes outpatient visit between 01/01/2001 and 12/31/2008 (n=79869). Exclusion criteria restricted the cohort to 4990 incident insulin users, aged 40–79 years, who were followed up for death until 12/31/2011. Baseline was defined 6 months after insulin initiation. Adjusted time-dependent competing risk regression analysis was performed. Mean baseline age was62±9years, with mean follow-up of4.7±1.9years. During 23179 person-years of exposure time, there were 887 deaths (521 cardiovascular). Glargine cumulative time exposure significantly lowered overall cardiovascular, subhazard ratio (SHR) 0.963 (CI 95% 0.944–0.981,p<0.001), and myocardial infarction mortality, SHR 0.945 (CI 95% 0.899–0.994,p=0.028), but not stroke mortality. Glargine cumulative dose exposure (10,000 IU increments) significantly lowered cardiovascular mortality, SHR 0.977 (CI 95% 0.960–0.993,p=0.006), but not for myocardial infarction and stroke. Both cumulative dose and time exposure to insulin glargine were associated with lower cardiovascular mortality. The effect was mostly driven by myocardial infarction end point, supporting the concept of macrovascular benefit for basal analogue insulin use in type 2 diabetes.
Octreotide Protects the Mouse Retina against Ischemic Reperfusion Injury through Regulation of Antioxidation and Activation of NF-κB
Authors: Wang Jun , Sun Ziqiang , Shen Junsheng , Wu Dongdong , Liu Fang , Yang Ruisheng , Ji Shaoping , Ji Ailing , Li Yanzhang
Published: June 2015

Somatostatin (SST), an endogenous peptide, may exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on retinal injury induced by ischemia. Retinal ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury always produces many reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can aggravate the tissue damage. The effects of octreotide (OCT), a SST analogue, on retinal I/R injury and ROS formation, are not very clear. In this study, we observed the effects of OCT on morphological changes, oxidative stress, and cell death, induced by retinal I/R injury. The activation of nuclear factorκB (NF-κB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were further evaluated in I/R retina treated with or without OCT. The retinal layer thickness was increased at 1 day after I/R and decreased at 7 days after I/RP<0.05. This effect was associated with increase in MDA and ROS levelsP<0.05. The Tunel-positive cells increased and the number of ganglion cell layer (GCL) neurons decreased significantly after I/R injury. The expression of p-p65 and ICAM-1 increased significantly in I/R retinasP<0.05. Each effect was markedly attenuated by application of OCT. These data indicate that OCT protects the retina against retinal I/R damage, which could be through inhibition of oxidative stress and downregulation of NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression.
Endothelial ALK1 Is a Therapeutic Target to Block Metastatic Dissemination of Breast Cancer
Authors: Cunha Sara I. , Bocci Matteo , Lövrot John , Eleftheriou Nikolas , Roswall Pernilla , Cordero Eugenia , Lindström Linda , Bartoschek Michael , Haller B. Kristian , Pearsall R. Scott , Mulivor Aaron W. , Kumar Ravindra , Larsson Christer , Bergh Jonas , Pietras Kristian
Published: June 2015

Exploration of new strategies for the prevention of breast cancer metastasis is justifiably at the center of clinical attention. In this study, we combined a computational biology approach with mechanism-based preclinical trials to identify inhibitors of activin-like receptor kinase (ALK) 1 as effective agents for blocking angiogenesis and metastasis in breast cancer. Pharmacologic targeting of ALK1 provided long-term therapeutic benefit in mouse models of mammary carcinoma, accompanied by strikingly reduced metastatic colonization as a monotherapy or part of combinations with chemotherapy. Gene-expression analysis of breast cancer specimens from a population-based nested case–control study encompassing 768 subjects defined endothelial expression of ALK1 as an independent and highly specific prognostic factor for metastatic manifestation, a finding that was corroborated in an independent clinical cohort. Overall, our results suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of endothelial ALK1 constitutes a tractable strategy for interfering with metastatic dissemination of breast cancer. Cancer Res; 75(12); 2445–56. ©2015 AACR.
Targeting FGFR Signaling in Cancer
Authors: Touat Mehdi , Ileana Ecaterina , Postel-Vinay Sophie , André Fabrice , Soria Jean-Charles
Published: June 2015

The fibroblast growth factor signaling pathway (FGFR signaling) is an evolutionary conserved signaling cascade that regulates several basic biologic processes, including tissue development, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration. Substantial evidence indicates that aberrant FGFR signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. Recent developments of deep sequencing technologies have allowed the discovery of frequent molecular alterations in components of FGFR signaling among several solid tumor types. Moreover, compelling preclinical models have demonstrated the oncogenic potential of these aberrations in driving tumor growth, promoting angiogenesis, and conferring resistance mechanisms to anticancer therapies. Recently, the field of FGFR targeting has exponentially progressed thanks to the development of novel agents inhibiting FGFs or FGFRs, which had manageable safety profiles in early-phase trials. Promising treatment efficacy has been observed in different types of malignancies, particularly in tumors harboring aberrant FGFR signaling, thus offering novel therapeutic opportunities in the era of precision medicine. The most exciting challenges now focus on selecting patients who are most likely to benefit from these agents, increasing the efficacy of therapies with the development of novel potent compounds and combination strategies, and overcoming toxicities associated with FGFR inhibitors. After examination of the basic and translational research studies that validated the oncogenic potential of aberrant FGFR signaling, this review focuses on recent data from clinical trials evaluating FGFR targeting therapies and discusses the challenges and perspectives for the development of these agents. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2684–94. ©2015 AACR.
Chromosome Painting in Vanellus chilensis: Detection of a Fusion Common to Clade Charadrii (Charadriiformes)
Authors: Kretschmer Rafael , Gunski Ricardo J. , del Valle Garnero Analía , O'Brien Patricia C.M. , Ferguson-Smith Malcolm A. , Ochotorena de Freitas Thales R. , Correa de Oliveira Edivaldo H.
Published: June 2015

The Southern lapwing (Vanellus chilensis) is endemic to America and is well-known because of the vast expansion of its geographical distribution and its involvement in air accidents. Despite its popularity, there is no information concerning the genomic organization and karyotype of this species. Hence, because other species of the genus Vanellus have variable diploid numbers from 2n = 58 to 76, the aim of this report was to analyze the karyotype of V. chilensis by means of classical and molecular cytogenetics. We found that 2n = 78 and chromosome painting using probes of Gallus gallus (GGA) and Leucopternis albicollis revealed an organization similar to the avian putative ancestral karyotype, except for the fusion of GGA7 and GGA8, also found in Burhinus oedicnemus, the only Charadriiforme species analyzed by FISH so far. This rearrangement may represent a cytogenetic signature for this group and, in addition, must be responsible for the difference between the diploid number found in the avian putative ancestral karyotype (2n = 80) and V. chilensis (2n = 78).
Pancreaticogastrostomy after Pancreaticoduodenectomy Using Twin Square Wrapping with Duct-to-Mucosa Anastomosis
Authors: Maemura Kosei , Mataki Yuko , Kurahara Hiroshi , Mori Shinichiro , Higo Naotomo , Sakoda Masahiko , Iino Satoshi , Nakajo Akihiro , Ishigami Sumiya , Ueno Shinichi , Takao Sonshin , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Natsugoe Shoji
Published: June 2015

Background/Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a novel pancreaticogastrostomy technique for diminishing pancreatic fistulas after pancreaticoduodenectomy using gastric wrapping of the pancreatic stump with a twin square-shaped horizontal mattress and a suture fixing the main pancreatic duct to the gastric mucosa anastomosis [twin square wrapping (TSW) method]. Methods: Fifty-three patients undergoing pancreaticogastrostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy were included in the study and chronologically divided into a conventional group (n = 32) and a TSW group (n = 21). The perioperative factors and the postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The operating time for the pancreatic anastomosis, the total operating time, and the blood loss volume in the TSW group were lower than in the conventional group, but without a statistically significant difference. The TSW group had a significantly lower postoperative white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level, with a reduced intra-abdominal fluid accumulation as assessed by computed tomography on postoperative day 7, had a lower incidence of postoperative complications and pancreatic fistulas, and achieved a shorter duration of drain placement and shorter postoperative hospital stays as compared to the conventional group. Conclusions: The TSW technique should be considered for reducing pancreatic fistulas by diminishing the postoperative inflammatory response and improving patient outcomes without increasing the operating time.
Forest Policy, Institutions, and REDD+ in India, Tanzania, and Mexico
Authors: Kashwan Prakash
Published: June 2015

This article investigates forest policies and institutions surrounding REDD+ in three heavily forested countries: India, Tanzania, and Mexico. The comparative analysis leads to three key insights. First, each of the case study countries has multiple land tenure statutes that result in different distributions of the costs and benefits of forest protection for key stakeholders. Second, land tenure regimes that offer local communities the most secure forest rights are not necessarily those associated with benefit-sharing mechanisms outlined in national REDD+ policy proposals. Third, a credible commitment by government to share REDD+ benefits with forest-dependent people is contingent on the interests of key actors involved in the policy process. Political and administrative structures that limit the power and authority of forest government bodies lead to more responsive and accountable policy outcomes.
Bureaucratic Caesarism
Authors: Keucheyan Razmig , Durand Cédric
Published: June 2015

In 2010, the Eurozone became the epicentre of the world crisis. The vulnerability of Europe appears to be linked to the specific institutional arrangement which organises monetary, financial and budgetary policies within the Eurozone. This article tries to understand the evolution of theeuduring a short but decisive historical sequence (2007–12) in a theoretical framework that puts elements of Gramsci’s reflections on the theme of crisis, and especially his notion of ‘Caesarism’, at its centre. It addresses the current debate concerning the relationships between democratic politics and neoliberalism, while focusing on how the radicalisation of the crisis put at stake the co-construction of capitalism and representative democracy in the Western world sincewwii.
Plato’s Embryology
Authors: Wilberding James
Published: June 2015

Embryology was a subject that inspired great cross-disciplinary discussion in antiquity, and Plato’s Timaeus made an important contribution to this discussion, though Plato’s precise views have remained a matter of controversy, especially regarding three key questions pertaining to the generation and nature of the seed: whether there is a female seed; what the nature of seed is; and whether the seed contains a preformed human being. In this paper I argue that Plato’s positions on these three issues can be adequately determined, even if some other aspects of his theory cannot. In particular, it is argued that (i) Plato subscribes to the encephalo-myelogenic theory of seed, though he places particular emphasis on the soul being the true seed; (ii) Plato is a two-seed theorist, yet the female seed appears to make no contribution to reproduction; and (iii) Plato cannot be an advocate of preformationism.
A revision of Rhaponticoides (Asteraceae, Cardueae–Centaureinae) from Iran
Authors: Negaresh Kazem , KHOSHROO SAYED MOHAMMAD REZA , KARAMIAN ROYA , JOHARCHI MOHAMMAD REZA
Published: June 2015

A taxonomic review of Rhaponticoides in Iran is based on morphological characters of the specimens from the authors’ expeditions and other herbarium collections. Rhaponticoides lachnopus, R. schmidii, R. sect. Iranicae and R. sect. Ruthenicae are proposed as new combinations. Full description for the genus Rhaponticoides and R. sect. Iranicae and R. sect. Ruthenicae are presented for the first time here. Three names, R. lachnopus, R. ruthenica and its synonym, are typified. A synopsis with recognized sections and species, relevant synonyms, type citations, lists of specimens examined and an identification key are provided for the genus Rhaponticoides in Iran. In addition, some notes about ecology and habitat of Rhaponticoides especially in Iran are given. Finally, the geographical distribution of all the 4 species recognized in Iran is presented and mapped.
Bambusicola loculata sp. nov. (Bambusicolaceae) from bamboo
Authors: Dai Dong-Qin , Bahkali Ali H. , Li Wen-Jing , Bhat D. JAYARAMA , Zhao Rui-Lin , Hyde Kevin D.
Published: June 2015

A new ascomycete species, Bambusicola loculata, inhabiting decaying bamboo, is introduced based on morpho-molecular studies. Bambusicola loculata is characterized by immersed, dark, stromatic and loculate ascostromata, bitunicate, cylindrical-clavate asci and 1-septate, hyaline, narrowly fusiform ascospores, surrounded by an inconspicuous mucilaginous sheath. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF1 gene sequence data as well as morphological characters show that our new taxon belongs to Bambusicola, Bambusicolaceae. The new species is compared with other morphologically and phylogenetically similar species.
Two new wild cassava species (Manihot, Euphorbiaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Silva Marcos José
Published: June 2015

Manihot luxurians and M. confertiflora are herein described and illustrated. Both species were collected in the Chapada dos Veadeiros region during a taxonomic study of the genus Manihot in the Cerrado Biome. The morphological affinities, habitat, distribution, conservation status of both species are also provided.
Puccinia melitenensis (Pucciniaceae), a new rust species on Campanula stevenii subsp. beauverdiana from Malatya in Turkey
Authors: Kabaktepe Şanlı , Mutlu Birol , Karakuş Şükrü
Published: June 2015

The rust fungus Puccinia melitenensis sp. nov. on Campanula stevenii subsp. beauverdiana is described from Turkey. It is compared to other Puccinia species on Campanula and illustrated in detail.
Descriptions of four kleptoparasitic spiders of the genus Mysmenopsis (Araneae, Mysmenidae) and their potential host spider species in the genus Linothele (Araneae, Dipluridae) from Ecuador
Authors: DUPÉRRÉ NADINE , TAPIA ELICIO
Published: June 2015

Four new species of the genus Mysmenopsis are described: M. onorei n. sp., M. otonga n. sp., M. fernandoi n. sp. and M. chiquita n. sp. All species were collected in diplurid webs and are therefore assumed to be kleptoparasitic. Five potential host species of the genus Linothele (Dipluridae) that were collected with the symbionts are also described: Linothele yanachanka n. sp., L. pukachumpi n. sp., L. zaia n. sp., L. tsachilas n. sp. and L. quori n. sp.
Revision of some ophiuroid records (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Argentina
Authors: BROGGER MARTIN I. , O'HARA TIMOTHY D.
Published: June 2015

The taxonomy of some ophiuroids reported from off Argentina, western Antarctica and the SW Atlantic Ocean is reviewed. The species Amphilepis sanmatiensis, known only from the small holotype, is a synonym of Amphioplus lucyae. This synonymy removes the only reported endemic ophiuroid from Argentina. The species name “Ophiacantha ingrata Koehler, 1923” used for specimens from South Georgia is invalid; the specimens are likely to belong to one of two cryptic species within the O. vivipara complex. Specimens of Amphiura joubini reported from Argentina are re-identified as Amphiura princeps, and specimens of Ophiactis amator from the Antarctic Peninsula are re-identified as Ophiactis asperula.
Reinterpreting features of the advertisement call of Dermatonotus muelleri (Boettger, 1885; Anura, Microhylidae)
Authors: GIARETTA ARIOVALDO ANTONIO , VO PACIFIC , HERCHE JESSE , TANG JUSTINE NICOLE , GRIDI-PAPP MARCOS
Published: June 2015

The advertisement call of Dermatonotus muelleri was originally described by Nelson (1973) in a brief section of a review on the mating calls of the Microhylinae. He used two calls from São Leopoldo, state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil to determine that they have i) dominant frequency between 1.500−2.200 kHz (mean 1.854 + 0.216 kHz), and ii) harmonic intervals between 0.140 and 0.150 kHz (0.146 +/- 0.005 kHz). Nelson (1973) based his description on an audiospectrogram produced with high frequency resolution and did not quantify the pulse structure of the calls. More recently, Giaretta and colleagues (2013) expanded on the original description using a larger set of calls recorded from Gurinhat, state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. They quantified the temporal structure of the call and confirmed that the dominant frequency is around 1.8 kHz. In addition, they identified a secondary low frequency band at 667 Hz.
Description of the first cave dwelling species of the spider genus Trilacuna Tong & Li from Iran (Araneae: Oonopidae)
Authors: HOSSEINI MOHAMMAD-JAVAD MALEK , GRISMADO CRISTIAN J. , SADEGHI SABER , BAKHSHI YASER
Published: June 2015

A new species of the hard-bodied oonopid genus Trilacuna Tong & Li is described from a cave in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, southwestern Iran. Trilacuna qarzi sp. nov. is the first troglobiont species known of the genus, and is also the fifth oonopid species to be reported from Iran. Relationships of this new species are briefly discussed in the context of the limits of the genera belonging to the Dysderoides complex.
The Effect of a Surveillance Banner in an Attacked Computer System
Authors: Wilson Theodore , Maimon David , Sobesto Bertrand , Cukier Michel
Published: June 2015

Objectives:

Test whether the presence of a surveillance message on an attacked computer system influences system trespassers’ active engagement with the compromised system (i.e., entering computer commands). The hypothesized restrictive deterrent effect is tested both in the context of a first system trespassing incident and in the progression of repeated trespassing incidents in an attacked computer system.

Methods:

We designed a randomized controlled trial and deployed a series of virtual target computers with known vulnerabilities into the computer network of a large public university in the United States. The target computers were set to either display or not display a surveillance banner once system trespassers infiltrated them.

Results:

We find that the presence of a surveillance banner in the attacked computer systems reduced the probability of commands being typed in the system during longer first system trespassing incidents. Further, we find that the probability of commands being typed during subsequent system trespassing incidents (on the same target computer) is conditioned by the presence of a surveillance banner and by whether commands have been entered during previous trespassing incidents.

Conclusions:

These findings offer modest support for the application of restrictive deterrence in the study of system trespassing.
Biocolonial and Racial Entanglements
Authors: Opondo Sam Okoth
Published: June 2015

Through a reading of Neill Blomkamp’s 2009 science fiction/mock documentary District 9 and John le Carré’s novel The Constant Gardener, this article illustrates how the acceptance that we are all human has an identity-constituting function that enables bodies and lives to be valued differently with far-reaching implications for both biomedical experiments and experiments with the ethics of cohabitation. More specifically, this article examines biocolonial regimes, “imagined immunities,” and limited sympathies that transform racialized, class-mediated, and transnational vulnerable bodies into experimental labor or biomaterial (hearts, kidneys, and corneas) to be consumed or disposed of as part of life-sustaining and life-administering apparatuses.
The Girl Factor and the (In)Security of Coloniality
Authors: Skalli Loubna Hanna
Published: June 2015

This article examines the politics, economics, and ethics shaping the recent focus on the adolescent girl from developing countries. It examines discourses and ideals about girlhood that have been produced and mobilized, by whom and for what purposes, how different girls are positioned within these discourses and within the related policies and interventions, and the racial dimensions of these interventions. It responds to these questions through what I call the girl factor: an unprecedented interest of the international development community, policy circles, and corporate sectors in the power and potential of young women from developing countries. Drawing on postcolonial feminist theories, the girl factor is examined within the larger contexts of neoliberal rationality, corporatization of development, and historical continuities in instrumentalizing women for larger political interests. Particular attention is paid to the case of Middle Eastern girls.
Study of the electric properties of palm fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites
Authors: Neher Budrun , Rahman Bhuiyan Md Mahbubur , Gafur Md Abdul , Kabir Humayun , Hoque Md Azizul , Bashar Muhammad Shahriar , Ahmed Farid , Hossain Md Abul
Published: June 2015

The electrical properties like AC conductivity, AC resistivity, and dielectric constant of the palm fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene composites were investigated using impedance analyzer at room and variable temperatures. Palm fiber was collected from 10 trees of different age group from Comilla region in Bangladesh. Three sets of samples were prepared for three different wt (%) (5%, 10%, and 20%) of fiber contents using Injection Moulding Machine. Each set has 10 composite samples in which first five of them are made with 11 to 20 years-aged palm fiber and latter five of them are made with 5 to 10 years-aged palm fiber. The AC electric conductivity increases with the increase of frequency, wt (%) of palm fiber in the PF-ABS composites, and with the increase of temperature. The AC resistivity decreases with the increase of frequency, with the wt (%) of fiber content in the PF-ABS composites and with the increase of temperature. Moreover, the comparison between the PF-ABS composites with 11 to 20 years-aged palm tree shows better result than 5 to 10 years-aged palm tree. The dielectric constant of the composites decreases with the increase of frequency. With the addition of palm fiber content in composites, dielectric constant increases. The dielectric constant also increased with the increase of temperature.
Implementation of a Student Pharmacist-Run Targeted Medication Intervention Program
Authors: Melody Karleen T. , Shah Chintan J. , Patel Jaydip , Willey Vincent J.
Published: June 2015

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of a student pharmacist-run targeted medication intervention (TMI) program.

Methods:

Student pharmacists in their third professional year resolved TMIs at 5 independent pharmacies under the supervision of a pharmacist. A claims report of completed TMIs from the medication therapy management (MTM) platform, which captured the category and outcome of the TMIs and the estimated cost avoidance (ECA) level, was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Time spent was calculated using an estimation based on each of the tasks required to complete the TMI.

Results:

Of the 156 TMIs that were billed, 42 (26.9%) were accepted, 24 (15.4%) were rejected, and 90 (57.7%) were unable to be reached. For TMIs where the prescribers or patients were reached, the acceptance rates were 20% and 71%, respectively. Student pharmacists spent a total of 25.2 hours completing TMIs, and the pharmacist spent 2 hours on administrative tasks. Total revenue generated from all TMIs was US$1058, which led to a revenue generation of US$38.90/h. Successfully completing 42 TMIs resulted in a savings to the health care system of approximately US$121 000.

Conclusion:

This pilot study demonstrates an innovative model for community pharmacies to complete TMIs by utilizing student pharmacists under the supervision of a pharmacist.