bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Room-Temperature CsPbBr3 Mixed Polariton States
Authors: Reyes-Esqueda Jorge-Alejandro , Forster Vincent , Guerrero Salvador Escobar , Garcia Hugo Alberto Lara , Bryche Jean-François , Nava Rocio , Morris Denis
Published: April 2024

Light-matter interactions are known to lead to the formation of polariton states through what is called strong coupling, allowing the formation of two hybrid states usually tagged as Upper and Lower Polaritons. Here, we consider a similar interaction between excitons and photons in the realm of strong interactions, with the difference that it enables us to obtain a mixed-polariton state. In this case, the energy of this mixed state is found between the energies of the exciton state and the cavity mode, resulting in an imaginary coupling coefficient related to a specific class of singular points. These mixed states are often considered unobservable, although they are predicted well when the dressed states of a two-level atom are considered. However, intense light confinement can be obtained by using a Bound State in the Continuum, reducing the damping rates, and enabling the observation of mixed states resulting from the correct kind of exceptional point giving place to strong coupling. In this study, using the Transfer Matrix Method, we simulated cavities made of porous silicon coupled with CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots to numerically observe the mixed states as well as experimentally, by fabricating appropriate samples. The dispersion relation of the mixed states is fitted using the same equation as that used for strong coupling but considering a complex coupling coefficient, which can be directly related to the appropriate type of exceptional point.
Terahertz Voltage-controlled Oscillator from a Kerr-Induced Synchronized Soliton Microcomb
Authors: Javid Usman , Chojnacky Michal , Srinivasan Kartik , Moille Gregory
Published: April 2024

The generation of controlled and arbitrarily tunable terahertz radiation, essential for many applications, has proven challenging due to the complexity of experimental setups and fabrication techniques. We introduce a new strategy involving control over a terahertz repetition rate integrated frequency comb, using Kerr-induced synchronization, that results in a terahertz-voltage-controlled oscillator. By modulating the reference laser, we can transfer any microwave waveform onto the microcomb repetition rate via a linear transfer function based on optical frequency division. The resulting frequency comb with a terahertz carrier can be created using integrated components, with a bandwidth constrained only by the synchronization bandwidth and high coherence resulting from the low-noise soliton microcomb in the Kerr-induced synchronized state.
Gastrointestinal parasite infections and associated factors in fighting bulls over 7 years of monitoring in Southern Thailand
Authors: Chantip Dhiravit , Chooruang Nantaporn , Sakuna Kitikarn , Sukmak Warawut , Bohman Wiruntita
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim: Indigenous beef cattle engaged in bullfighting in Southern Thailand represent a distinctive and valuable breed. Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites, which are recognized as important pathogens, have a negative impact on the overall health and physical performance of these fighting bulls. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GI parasitic infections and identify factors associated with these infections in a fighting bull population in Southern Thailand.

Materials and Methods: Fecal samples (n = 4,244) from fighting bulls were submitted to the Laboratory and Diagnostic Centre of the Teaching Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya. We examined the samples using simple flotation and centrifugal sedimentation methods. Individual animal profiles and demographic data were collected.

Results: The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infections was 93.2%. Nine GI parasites were identified as Paramphistome spp. [PP]. being the most prevalent (93.2%), and the highest annual prevalence occurred in 2019 (97.9%). The infection rates of various parasite species were significantly related to the years of study, geographic area, season, and age group (p < 0.05). The prevalence of parasitic infection was higher on the west coast (98.6%) than on the east coast (98.0%). PP, Eurytrema spp., Strongyles spp., and Buxtonella spp. infections differed significantly among the seven provinces of Southern Thailand (p < 0.05). The prevalence of GI parasitic infections was higher during the rainy season (98.5%) than during the summer (97.7%). Bulls aged 7.0–7.9 years and 8.0–8.9 years had the highest parasite infection rate (99.2%) compared with those aged 8.0–8.9.

Conclusion: GI parasitic infections continue to be a significant health concern among fighting bulls in Southern Thailand. Regular epidemiological investigations are crucial for developing effective preventive programs and control strategies and providing basic knowledge for bull farmers. Keywords: bullfighting, gastrointestinal parasites, geographical areas, prevalence, Thailand.

Keywords: bullfighting, gastrointestinal parasites, geographical areas, prevalence, Thailand.
Book Review: How the Ray Gun Got Its Zap: Odd Excursions Into Optics
Authors: Goss David A.
Published: April 2024

How the Ray Gun Got Its Zap: Odd Excursions Into Optics. Stephen R. Wilk. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2013. ISBN-13: 978-0-19-994801-7. 263 pages. Hardcover.
Prorenin Receptor Homologue VHA-20 is Critical for Intestinal pH Regulation, Ion and Water Management and Larval Development in
Authors: Zima V. , Šebková K. , Šimečková K. , Dvořák T. , Saudek V. , Kostrouchová Marta
Published: April 2024

The prorenin receptor (ATP6AP2) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein; it is a constituent of proton-translocating V-ATPase, a non-proteolytic activator of renin and an adaptor in the Wnt/ β-catenin pathway. Here, we studied vha-20, one of the two prorenin receptor homologues that are identified by sequence similarity in the C. elegans genome. We show that vha-20 (R03E1.2) is prominently expressed in the intestine, in the excretory cell and in amphid neurons, tissues critical for regulation of ion and water management. The expression of vha-20 in the intestine is dependent on NHR-31, a nuclear receptor related to HNF4. VHA-20 is indispensable for normal larval development, acidification of the intestine, and is required for nutrient uptake. Inhibition of vha-20 by RNAi leads to complex deterioration of water and pH gradients at the level of the whole organism including distention of pseudocoelome cavity. This suggests new roles of prorenin receptor in the regulation of body ion and water management and in acidification of intestinal lumen in nematodes.
Determinants of Corruption in ASEAN Countries
Authors: Li Li
Published: April 2024

This paper investigates the economic, institutional, and social determinants of corruption in ASEAN countries using unbalanced panel data over the period of 1996–2022. ASEAN has 10 countries, such as Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Corruption is measured by the Corruption Perception Index published by Transparency International. Determinants of corruption are expected to be foreign direct investment, gross domestic product per capita growth, inflation, political stability, regulatory quality, and internet usage, based on the literature review. The empirical results show that increasing foreign direct investment, political stability, and regulatory quality in ASEAN countries can reduce corruption significantly, whereas internet usage is found to have a slightly significant positive effect on corruption. However, gross domestic product per capita growth and inflation are not determinants of corruption in ASEAN countries.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Soldiers Returning from Vietnam: A Survey on the Psychological Disorder of Veterans
Authors: Marios Daskalopoulos , Ioannis Tagarakis A. , Fani Tsolaki , Dikeos C , Oikonomopoulou C. , Georgios Tagarakis I.
Published: April 2024

The present research aims to analyze and provide information about a very important disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD. Then, what specifically refers to the existence of PTSD and soldiers returning from the Vietnam War who are exposed to the severely traumatic event that is combat and all that it brings with it. This empathy has led them to anxiety, overstimulation, depression and other such traumatic intense emotions. First, the evidence-based scientific term PTSD is analyzed in terms of etiology, complexes, factors and treatment. It then refers to and gives an in-depth look at the Vietnam War and how it developed the phenomena of post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, more information about PTSD is given. Aim: The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and present the topic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder of the Vietnam Veterans and  the way they were treated with their homecoming in the United States of America through a literature review. More specifically, the post-traumatic stress disorder due to psycho-trauma and the psychosocial effects are analyzed. Purpose: The main goal of this dissertation is the comprehensive analysis of this particular disorder and the investigation of this specific war era. Method and materials: The methodology included a collection of information on the subject from articles and books of the last decade in the Pubmed database and the Hellenic Academic Libraries Association (HEAL-Link). In conclusion, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a more common phenomenon than the public believes and is one of the most difficult types of disorder. People who carry it and suffer daily, need help both from the familiar family environment and from the social environment. Therefore, it is extremely important to know the disorder and to be fully understood by experts in dealing with it, but also by people in the social environment around us, as their attitude towards the phenomenon is almost catalytic.
Assessing nutrition literacy and nutrition counseling proficiency following an interdisciplinary culinary medicine elective
Authors: Kirby Anna N. , DeBellis Joy , Wolter Katie , Mount Gary , Wang Chih-hsuan , Bishop Jonathan , Barkhouse Jessica , Wirth Kathryn , Nguyen Nancy , Cacciatore Christopher , Kraus Kristyn
Published: April 2024

Context

Culinary medicine (CM) is a growing field of education that aims to bridge the gap between the clinical need for nutritional counseling and the lack of education on the topic. Healthcare professionals can aid in nutrition-related noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention by improving a patient’s dietary behavior. However, the presence of nutrition education in healthcare curricula is lacking. Early evidence indicates that CM could address this gap.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to determine if the provision of an interdisciplinary CM elective will improve student knowledge and confidence with counseling on nutrition and culinary principles, and to improve personal dietary habits of students.

Methods

This was a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. First- and second-year osteopathic medical students (OMS) and nurse practitioner students were recruited to participate in a CM elective via email. Participants were excluded if they were not in good academic standing at their respective institutions. Twelve individuals (n=8 medical; n=4 nursing) were enrolled in the course. Participants completed pre- and postcourse surveys to determine changes in nutrition literacy (Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument [NLit42]), nutrition counseling proficiency (Nutrition Survey for Family Practitioners), and dietary quality (Automated Self-Administered 24-h dietary assessment tool; ASA24®). A two-sided, paired t test was conducted to determine changes in outcome variables.

Results

All 12 participants completed the precourse assessments, and 8 participants completed the postcourse assessments. Culinary activity attendance was 94.5 %. Participants exhibited a statistically significant increase in their overall nutrition literacy scores after completing the CM elective (p=0.006). Literacy subcategories indicated that the improvement came from the participant’s ability to understand household measurements (p=0.005) better. Increases in self-reported proficiency were observed for participants’ confidence to counsel on nutrition and prevention/wellness (p=0.02) and macronutrients in health and food safety (p=0.01). No statistically significant changes in the personal dietary pattern or quality were observed.

Conclusions

The interdisciplinary CM elective improved nutrition literacy and some aspects of counseling proficiency. Although small shifts in dietary variables were observed, the elective did not statistically improve participants’ dietary pattern. However, some changes that were observed may lead to clinically relevant outcomes if maintained long-term. These findings are encouraging. Implementing CM as an educational tool could improve healthcare practitioners’ ability to understand and counsel patients on nutrition to prevent the nutrition-related NCDs.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the preclinical and clinical results of low-field magnetic stimulation in cognitive disorders
Authors: Mellon Nicholas , Robbins Brett , van Bruggen Rebekah , Zhang Yanbo
Published: April 2024

Cognitive disorders such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder severely compromise brain function and neuronal activity. Treatments to restore cognitive abilities can have severe side effects due to their intense and excitatory nature, in addition to the fact that they are expensive and invasive. Low-field magnetic stimulation (LFMS) is a novel non-invasive proposed treatment for cognitive disorders. It repairs issues in the brain by altering deep cortical areas with treatments of low-intensity magnetic stimulation. This paper aims to summarize the current literature on the effects and results of LFMS in cognitive disorders. We developed a search strategy to identify relevant studies utilizing LFMS and systematically searched eight scientific databases. Our review suggests that LFMS could be a viable and effective treatment for multiple cognitive disorders, especially major depressive disorder. Additionally, longer, more frequent, and more personalized LFMS treatments tend to be more efficacious.
Theta burst stimulation for enhancing upper extremity motor functions after stroke: a systematic review of clinical and mechanistic evidence
Authors: Zhang Jack Jiaqi , Sui Youxin , Sack Alexander T. , Bai Zhongfei , Kwong Patrick W. H. , Sanchez Vidana Dalinda Isabel , Xiong Li , Fong Kenneth N. K.
Published: April 2024

This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of different theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocols on improving upper extremity motor functions in patients with stroke, their associated modulators of efficacy, and the underlying neural mechanisms. We conducted a meta-analytic review of 29 controlled trials published from January 1, 2000, to August 29, 2023, which investigated the effects of TBS on upper extremity motor, neurophysiological, and neuroimaging outcomes in poststroke patients. TBS significantly improved upper extremity motor impairment (Hedge’s g = 0.646, p = 0.003) and functional activity (Hedge’s g = 0.500, p < 0.001) compared to controls. Meta-regression revealed a significant relationship between the percentage of patients with subcortical stroke and the effect sizes of motor impairment (p = 0.015) and functional activity (p = 0.018). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference in the improvement of upper extremity motor impairment between studies using 600-pulse and 1200-pulse TBS (p = 0.002). Neurophysiological studies have consistently found that intermittent TBS increases ipsilesional corticomotor excitability. However, evidence to support the regional effects of continuous TBS, as well as the remote and network effects of TBS, is still mixed and relatively insufficient. In conclusion, TBS is effective in enhancing poststroke upper extremity motor function. Patients with preserved cortices may respond better to TBS. Novel TBS protocols with a higher dose may lead to superior efficacy compared with the conventional 600-pulse protocol. The mechanisms of poststroke recovery facilitated by TBS can be primarily attributed to the modulation of corticomotor excitability and is possibly caused by the recruitment of corticomotor networks connected to the ipsilesional motor cortex.
Enhancing Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) Testing: Comprehensive Review and Development of Robust Procedure in the United States
Authors: Pandya Harshdutta I. , Ali Ayman A. , Mehta Yusuf A.
Published: April 2024

The Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) is a widely used nondestructive testing equipment for assessing the structural condition of pavements. The FWD measures the vertical deflection response of a pavement surface under a dynamic load applied by a falling weight. The deflection data collected from an FWD test can be used to determine the structural capacity of a pavement system, including the pavement layer thickness, elastic modulus, and subgrade strength, and to identify pavement areas that may require maintenance or rehabilitation. Despite the widespread use of the FWD, there are some concerns regarding the consistency and reliability of FWD test results. These inconsistencies have led to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the current state of practice of FWD testing. The overall goal of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature and synthesize the best practices and areas of inconsistency in FWD testing for rehabilitation applications. This review will also allow for developing a robust FWD testing procedure across the states. Different agencies nationwide employ similar yet different FWD testing procedures, mainly in sensor configuration, load sequences, test plans, and data processing. Reviewing these testing procedures highlighted the similarities and differences and identified the potential items to improve. These potential items include but are not limited to sensor configuration, load sequences, test frequency, test spacing, and temperature measurements. This study will help state highway agencies and the industry identify best practices, improve consistency, enhance data comparability, increase efficiency, and improve decision-making for nationwide road construction and maintenance (or rehabilitation) projects.
Examining the Structure-Function Relationship of Block Copolymer Soil Surfactants in Sand-Based Putting Greens
Authors: O'Brien Daniel , Richardson Mike , Kostka Stan , Karcher Doug
Published: April 2024

Soil surfactants are important for water management on golf courses, particularly sand-based putting greens. However, understanding functional differences among products is challenging for many practitioners. Product transparency is lacking, creating a need to evaluate turfgrass soil surfactants on an active-ingredient basis. For amenity turfgrass, nonionic block copolymers (poloxamers) are the largest and most widely used soil-surfactant chemical category. The objective of this research was to compare individual poloxamers for their effectiveness as stand-alone soil surfactants based on soil volumetric water content (VWC) and turfgrass quality. A 2-year study was conducted on a sand-based creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) putting green. The study used a two-factor split-plot design arranged as a randomized complete block with four replications. Irrigation was the whole-plot factor, with two levels: 60% and 80% evapotranspiration replacement. Six soil-surfactant treatments were applied to individual split plots and included four structurally related poloxamers (181, 182, 184, and 188), an untreated control (UC), and a commercial standard (CS) (an alkyl-terminated block copolymer). Poloxamers all had the same molecular-weight hydrophobe, but each contained a different hydrophile percentage. Surfactants were applied every 28 days and immediately irrigated with 5 mm water. VWC was measured across 3.8 and 7.6 cm using time-domain reflectometry. Turfgrass quality was assessed visually (on a scale from 1 to 9) and through digital-image analysis. Results indicated that above-ground turfgrass quality did not necessarily reflect below-ground VWC. Across variable weather conditions, Poloxamers 181 and 182, which had the lowest hydrophile percentages, were not significantly different from the CS, whereas Poloxamer 188, which had the highest hydrophile percentage, was not significantly different from the UC. These results indicated that longer hydrophile chains may reduce the perceived effectiveness of turfgrass soil surfactants in sand-based putting greens. Results also demonstrated the need to further explore the structure-function relationships of turfgrass soil-surfactants.
Structural, elastic, mechanical, and electronic properties of chalcogenide perovskite SnZrS3 under pressure
Authors:   Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China, Chen S. Y. , Wang W. ,   Jiangxi University of technology, Nanchang, 330098, China
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we have presented the structural, elastic, mechanical, and electronic properties of the transition metal chalcogenide perovskite SnZrS3 under different pressures by using first-principles method. Our calculated lattice parameters at ambient pressure are in good agreement with the experimental and previous theoretical results. The elastic constants were evaluated numerically for orthorhombic SnZrS3 using the strain-stress approach. Orthorhombic SnZrS3 shows a strong anisotropic behavior of the elastic and structural properties. According to the calculations of the electronic properties, we find the states near the valence band top are derived from S 3p, Zr 4d, Sn 5p, and Sn 5s orbitals, and the lowest conduction band is composed of Zr 4d, S 3p, and Sn 5p orbitals. As the pressure increases, the conduction and valence band shift to lower and higher energies, respectively. These results indicated that lattice constants and band gap decrease with the increase of pressure.
Investigation and structural of phosphate glasses at low photon energy through: optical and attenuation properties
Authors:   Department of Physics, Ministry of Education, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Alelyani L. , Ghawa T. A. ,   Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia, Asiri N. A. ,   Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia, Abdullah N. A. ,   Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia, Hussein K. I. ,   Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia, Alqahtani M. S. ,   Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Published: April 2024

This paper presents a novel low-cost phosphate glass preparation by using the melt quenching technique. It was investigated for use in diagnostic protective applications. The range of UV-VIS wavelength is used to estimate the optical energy gap. The MAC denotes the mass attenuation coefficients of the present glass were computed at low photon energies between 15 and 200 KeV using the MIKE program. The manufactured glasses parameters viz; the mean free path, half value layer, tenth value layer, effective atomic number, effective electron density, and linear attenuation coefficient denotes as follows; 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀, 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇, 𝑍𝑍𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒, 𝑁𝑁𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒, 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 were determined. Furthermore, the molar volume, oxygen molar volume, and optical packing density of fabricated glass were assessed. The third-order susceptibility (χ(3) and non-linear refractive index of the present glass were determined. From previous results, it can be concluded that the glass has unique attenuation characteristics, therefore, can be used for radiation protection at low energy 15 to 200 KeV.
Green synthesis, characterization and biological activity of silver nanoparticles of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw extract
Authors:   Emergency Room, Ayvacık Hospital, Yeni Hastane Street, 17860 Ayvacık, Çanakkale, Türkiye, Karataş H. , Yayintas O. ,   Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Çanakkale, Türkiye
Published: April 2024

Mosses are one of the oldest land plants that constitute the second largest group of the plant kingdom, are found in almost every region, have known therapeutic effects, are rich in secondary metabolites, can withstand harsh climatic conditions and thirst for a long time. Volatile extracts of Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in this study, and the presence of 18 different phytocompounds was determined as secondary metabolites. Using these extracts, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green synthesis method. The AgNPs that were created were characterized. The extracts and AgNPs were tested for antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant, mutagenic, and DNA-cleavage activity. The tests revealed no evidence of mutagenicity. Antibiofilm and antibacterial activity of AgNPs against P. vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecalis were demonstrated. Both oxidatively and hydrolytically, H. cupressiforme the extract was found to have higher antioxidant properties and high DNA cleavage activity.
Combustion synthesis of Ce/Mg co-doped ZnO nanoparticles as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst
Authors:   Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand, Phuruangrat A. , Thongtem T. ,   Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Thongtem S. ,   Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: April 2024

ZnO and Ce/Mg co-doped ZnO nanoparticles as a visible-light-driven photocatalyst were synthesized by combustion method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of ZnO and Ce/Mg co-doped ZnO samples were indexed to the pure phase of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO structure without impurity detection. The Raman analysis of ZnO and Ce/Mg co-doped ZnO samples showed optical phonon E2H, A1(TO), E2L, E2H–E2L, A1(LO) and E1(LO) modes of wurtzite ZnO structure, including the detection of Zn−O stretching mode containing in FTIR spectra of hexagonal wurtzite ZnO. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of ZnO and Ce/Mg co-doped ZnO samples showed uniform and good distribution of nanoparticles with different orientations. The photocatalysis of ZnO and Ce/Mg co-doped ZnO nanoparticles was studied through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) illuminated by visible radiation. In this research, the Zn0.97Ce0.015Mg0.015O nanoparticles have the highest efficiency of 95.16% within 150 min because of the largest specific surface area, smallest crystallite size and highest absorption capacity of visible light for active species production in degrading of MB under visible light. Photocatalytic mechanism of Ce/Mg co-doped ZnO nanoparticles in degrading MB was also proposed.
Kira Bedeli Artışına İlişkin Hukuki Sınırlamalar Karşısında Kira Bedelinin Uyarlanması Davasının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Sarı Fidan Özlem
Published: April 2024

Son yıllarda ülkemizde yaşanan enflasyon kira sözleşmelerini önemli ölçüde etkilemiş ve kira bedellerinde kısa sürede büyük artışlar yaşanmıştır. Konut kirası sözleşmelerindeki mevcut kiracıları bu artıştan koruyabilmek adına geçici bir düzenlemeyle yıllık artış %25 ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu sınırlamanın kati bir şekilde uygulanması ise emsal kira bedelleri ile mevcut kira bedelleri arasında büyük bir uçurumun oluşmasına sebep olmuştur. TBK m. 344/III uyarınca kira tespit davası ile emsal kira bedelinin belirlenebildiği hâllerde bu sorun çözülebilmektedir; fakat tespit davası 5 yıllık sürede açılabildiğinden, daha öncesinde yaşanan sorunlarda etkili değildir. Kira sözleşmelerinden doğan uyuşmazlıkların zorunlu arabuluculuğa tabi tutulması da bu uyuşmazlıkları bir ölçüde giderebilmektedir. Zira tarafların anlaşması şartıyla arabulucu kira artışını farklı bir oranda belirleyebilmektedir. Fakat arabuluculuğa rağmen anlaşmazlığın çözülememesi de olasıdır. Böyle bir durumda taraflar arasında bozulan edim dengesinin sağlanabilmesi adına uyarlama davasına başvurulması akla gelmektedir. Bu çalışma ile mevcut hukukî düzenlemeler karşısında TBK m. 138’in uygulanıp uygulanamayacağı hususunda kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapılması amaçlanmıştır.
İŞE GİRİŞ AŞAMASINDA VE İŞ İLİŞKİSİNİN DEVAMI SÜRESİNDE İŞÇİYE ALKOL VE UYUŞTURUCU TESTLERİNİN UYGULANMASININ KOŞULLARI VE SINIRLARI
Authors: Kutlu Mutluer Merve
Published: April 2024

İşçiye işe giriş aşamasında veya iş ilişkisinin devamında uygulanan alkol ve uyuşturucu testleri işverenin işçinin kişilik haklarına müdahalesinin bir görünümü olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İşverenler iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin sağlanması, verimliliğin arttırılması, işyerinde gerekli düzen ve disiplinin sağlanması gerekçeleri ile işçilere alkol ve uyuşturucu testleri uygulamak istemektedir. Bu testlerin uygulanması, işçinin vücut bütünlüğüne ve dolayısıyla özel yaşamına saygı hakkına yönelen bir müdahale oluşturmaktadır. İşçiye yapılmak istenen alkol ve uyuşturucu testlerine ilişkin meşru bir amaç yani hukuka uygunluk sebebi bulunmalı, işçinin rızası alınmalı ve testin gerçekleştirilmesinde ölçülülük ilkesine uygun davranılmalıdır. İşçilere iş ilişkisinin devamı süresince uygulanacak alkol ve uyuşturucu testlerine ilişkin hukuka uygunluk sebebi ise iş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin korunmasıdır. İşyerinde alkol tüketimi veya uyuşturucu madde tesiri altında olma hem işçinin kendi iş güvenliğini hem de diğer işçilerin veya işçinin muhatap olabileceği üçüncü kişilerin sağlığını ve güvenliğini tehlikeye atabilir. İşte bu sebeple işverenin iş sağlığı ve güvenliğini meşru amaca yönelik ölçülü olması kaydıyla ve sadece tehlikeli işlerde çalışan işçilerden alkol ve uyuşturucu testi isteyebileceği kanaatimizce kabul edilmelidir. Test sonucu ortaya çıkan işçinin sağlığına ilişkin kişisel verilerinin de Kişisel Verilerin Koruması Kanunu uyarınca işlenmesi gerekir. Bununla birlikte, iş sözleşmesinin kurulması aşamasında işçiden alkol testi istenmesi meşru bir amaç olmadığından işçinin özel yaşamına saygı hakkına ölçüsüz bir müdahale teşkil edecektir. İşe giriş aşamasında istenecek uyuşturucu testleri bakımından ise iş niteliği gereği iş sağlığı ve güvenliği bakımından gerekli olması halinde bu testlerin yapılması hukuka aykırı olmayacaktır. Hem işe giriş hem iş ilişkisinin devamı süresince işçiden istenecek alkol ve uyuşturucu testlerinde işveren işçinin kişilik haklarını zedeleyecek müdahalelerden kaçınmak ve onurunun kırılmaması için gerekli önemleri almakla yükümlüdür.
The Role of Leu-Enkephalin Synthetic Analogue in Regulation of Systemic Inﬂammatory Response and Prevention of ARDS in Severe Combined Injury
Authors: Ryzhkov A. Y. , Antonova V. V. , Cherpakov R. A. , Chernevskaya E. A. , Shabanov A. K. , Ostapchenko D. A. , Magomedov M. A. , Grebenchikov O. A.
Published: April 2024

The aim of the study. To study the eﬀect of ley-enkephalin synthetic analogue on the dynamics of inﬂammatory response markers and organ dysfunction in patients with severe combined trauma.

Materials and methods. A prospective clinical study with historical control from two clinical centers — N. I. Pirogov State Clinical Hospital No. 1 and N.V. Sklifosovsky Clinical and Research Institute for Emergency Medicine — included men and women with severe combined trauma and the ISS scores values of 18–44, aged 18 to 70 years. Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in all patients followed current international, national& local protocols and 2022 clinical recommendations of the Russian Society of Surgeons «Combined and multiple trauma in combination with shock (Polytrauma)». In the study group, treatment was supplemented with extended (72 hours from the admission) infusion of the test drug through a syringe dispenser following the study protocol. Eﬀects of the test drug prolonged infusion were evaluated for the following laboratory parameters: levels of cortisol, procalcitonin, interleukin 6, NTproBNP and leukocyte count. Laboratory tests were performed at 4 time points: prior to test drug infusion, 24 hours and 72 hours after initiation of infusion, and on Day 7. The study evaluated patient’s dynamics using APACHE II, SOFA and SAPS II scales and percentage of patients developing organ dysfunction (renal, respiratory, cardiovascular), rates of sepsis complications and mortality.

Results. Patients who received the test drug had signiﬁcantly lower concentrations of systemic inﬂammatory response markers, i. e. PCT (P=0.001) and IL-6 (P=0.010) after 24 hours of follow-up vs the control group patients. The incidence of ARDS has also decreased in the study group (P=0.011 vs control). Acute kidney injury (AKI) rate was insigniﬁcantly higher in the control group (P=0.349). The duration of hospital stay in the control group was 35 (17; 51) days vs 18 (14; 30) days in the study group (P=0.140)

Conclusion. The use of ley-enkephalin synthetic analogue inhibits production of such key systemic inﬂammatory response markers as PCT and IL-6, and reduces PCT concentrations within 24 hours in patients with severe combined trauma. ARDS developed less frequently in the study group, but there was no signiﬁcant diﬀerence in the incidence of AKI, AHF and infectious complications between the groups.
Asphyxial Circulatory Arrest with a Complex of Resuscitation Measures in an Experimental Model
Authors: Dubensky A. Y. , Ryzhkov I. A. , Lapin K. N. , Kalabushev S. N. , Varnakova L. A. , Tsokolaeva Z. I. , Dolgikh V. T. , Grechko A. V.
Published: April 2024

The majority of asphyxial circulatory arrest (CA) models have a number of disadvantages, such as the lack of uniform criteria for ﬁxing CA and recovery of spontaneous circulation, short duration of CA episode and limited volume of post-resuscitation intensive care, poor similarity with resuscitation measures in current clinical anesthesiology/intensive care settings.

The aim of the study: to improve the experimental model of asphyxicial CA by standardizing experimental procedures and using a complex of resuscitation measures replicating current CA management in clinical anesthesiology-intensive care.

Materials and methods. The experiments were conducted on 34 male Wistar rats, distributed into 2 groups: Group I included animals subjected to sham procedure (SP, N=12) and Group II – animals subjected to asphyxial circulatory arrest (CA, N=22) and subsequent resuscitation. Asphyxia in anesthetized rats was induced by rocuronium bromide injection, followed by recording of electrocardiogram (ECG), parameters of invasive blood pressure (BP) measurement and laser Doppler ﬂuxmetry (LDF) to assess skin perfusion. CA episode was maintained for 2 min, followed by a series of resuscitation measures and intensive therapy for 2 h. Circulatory parameters (ECG, BP, LDF), gas composition and arterial blood acid-base state (ABS) dynamics were evaluated.

Results. Monitored parameters were comparable in both groups at baseline after stabilization period. After exclusion criteria were applied 11 animals from SP group and 18 — from CA were included in the analysis. Tachycardia (heart rate, beats/min–1, SP vs CA) was documented in the CA group: 218 [205; 236] vs 286 [272; 305], P⩽0.0001), as well as recovery of skin perfusion to subnormal parameters in the ﬁrst minutes after successful resuscitation. At minute 10 in the post-resuscitation period worsening of skin perfusion (M, perfusion units, SP vs CA): 14.7 [12.1; 16.5] vs 10.1 [7.0; 12.5], P=0.0014), and decompensated mixed acidosis (pH, SP vs CA): 7.42 [7.40; 7.43] vs 7.20 [7.13; 7.23], P⩽0.0001) were documented in the CA group, however BP values were comparable (BP, mmHg, SP vs CA): 60 [58; 72] vs 67 [62; 82], P=0.482). At minute 120 post-resuscitation and at the end of intensive care period, both groups demonstrated similar values of the monitored parameters. Three out of 18 animals in the CA group died after resuscitation.

Conclusion. Electromechanical dissociation underlies CA in rats subjected to asphyxia. The use of LDF to assess peripheral blood ﬂow makes it possible to standardize the severity of ischemic reperfusion injuries and improve reproducibility of the model. Series of resuscitation measures in experimental setting is justiﬁed from a bioethical point of view, and makes it possible to improve repeatability of preclinical research results in clinical practice.
Nutritional and Metabolic Status Control and Nutritional Support in Patients with Pancreatic Sepsis (Review)
Authors: Zhukov A. V. , Gritsan A. I. , Belyaev K. Y. , Belyaeva I. P.
Published: April 2024

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is associated with pancreonecrosis in 30% of patients, who may fall at 80% high risk of death when infected pancreatic necrosis progresses to sepsis. Given the catabolic nature of the disease and the signiﬁcant inﬂuence of nutritional status on its course and outcome, these patients require an adequate nutritional support (NS) based on an adequate assessment and control of nutritional and metabolic status.

The aim of the study: to identify trends in developing new tools for assessment of nutritional and metabolic status, and provision of NS in patients with pancreatic sepsis (PS).

Materials and methods

. Keyword search in the PubMed, Scopus and E-library databases for the period from 2018 to 2023 yielded 95 publications, of which 16 meta-analyses and 6 systematic reviews met the requirements.

Results. all existing to date scales for assessment of nutritional deﬁciency in patients with PS have low prognostic value. Of them, mNUTRIC scale seems to be the most appropriate assessment tool. Recommended by EPSEN guidelines tools to assess the risk of nutritional deﬁciency it is not suitable for ICU patients. Indirect calorimetry should be preferred vs routine calculation formulas in assessing patient’s energy needs in case of PS. It was also found that «standard» anthropometric values, such as BMI, are not always informative and prognostically signiﬁcant in patients with severe AP in the ICU. Analgesia, infusion therapy, as well as detection and correction of intraperitoneal hypertension are not only integral components of intensive care for PS but are indispensable for supplying adequate NS in PS patients. It was found that early enteral nutrition is the preferred method of NS, although questions concerning choice of tube insertion site, as well as all parameters of tube feeding remain unanswered. The optimal composition of enteral nutrition for patients with PS has not been established, which is indirectly conﬁrmed by the variety of enteral mixtures available on the market. The refeeding syndrome that occurs at initiation of NS was characterized as a life-threatening condition.

Conclusion. NS, based on adequate assessment of disorders and control of the nutritional and metabolic status is an integral component of intensive care in PS patients. It can reduce the probability and number of potential complications, time of stay in the ICU, cost of treatment, and improve patient’s prognosis.
Using Literature Review to Inform an Anti-Oppressive Approach to Community Safety
Authors: Chamberlain Julie , Cardigan Smith Stacy , Perrott Dagen
Published: April 2024

Literature review is a common piece of any scholarly research, but it is rare for it to be squarely at the centre of a community-based project. In this Report from the Field, the research team critically reflects upon the creation and use of a literature review on grassroots, anti-oppressive approaches to community safety in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Writing in conversation with one another, we explore the tensions of navigating and challenging safety discourse and securitization practices in our city, from our distinct experiences and positions as an academic researcher, community partner, and student research assistant. In the process, we illuminate a collaboration that offers insights for academic and community researchers alike. We reflect on creating an accessible basis for community conversation and planning while doing justice to the sources of anti-oppressive theory and practice, particularly when initially speaking to mostly white and privileged community members. The literature review has generated discussion about what it means to approach safety as a collective resource rather than an exclusive possession, and will inform practical strategies in the neighbourhood and beyond.
Poverty and racism: How we think and talk about poverty reduction matters
Authors: Alhassan Jacob , Christopherson-Cote Colleen
Published: April 2024

There is a close connection between poverty and racism yet insufficient literature integrates anti-racist praxis in poverty reduction work. We draw here on the first stage of a project that brought together the Saskatoon Poverty Reduction Partnership (SPRP) and the Saskatchewan Anti-Racism Network (ARN) to explore possibilities for better alignment of the advocacy of both organizations. We conducted a media discourse analysis of 462 newspaper articles systematically extracted from grey literature site Factiva on how poverty reduction is framed and how media reportage links poverty and racism in Saskatchewan. We find that very few newspaper articles published on poverty reduction focus on the connections between poverty and racism. Additionally, there are four dominant ways of framing poverty reduction namely: i) the cost framing of poverty reduction ii) the shame and embarrassment framing of poverty reduction iii) the human rights framing of poverty reduction and iv) the root cause analyses of poverty reduction. The cost and shame framings of poverty reduction may further marginalize or de-center those living in poverty compared to the human rights and root cause framings. More explicit connection needs to be made between poverty reduction work and anti-racist praxis for effective advocacy.
Programming of one-dimansional and two-dimensional tokens for tokenization of land plots
Authors:   NTUU ", Strutynskyi S.V. ,   KPI", Yalanetskyi V.A. ,   NTUU "KPI"
Published: April 2024

The use of blockchain tools that allows spliting virtual objects into parts is considered. Examples of practical use of the developed algorithms are presented. The concept of one-dimensional and two-dimensional tokens representing one-dimensional and flat objects is proposed. Algorithms for the implementation of one-dimensional tokens are developed, and the peculiarities of their practical application are considered. A designed smart contract allows to conduct a basic list of operations with one-dimensional tokens. Algorithms, providing implementation of two-dimensional tokens, are proposed. Peculiarities of presenting territories of virtual worlds and land plots are suggested. A comparative analysis of the use of NFT and two-dimensional tokens for presenting the Earth surface areas is performed. Methods that ensure ownership of tokens at different levels are proposed.
Results of a clinical study of the influenza tetravalent inactivated subunit adjuvant vaccine Grippol Quadrivalent in children aged 6 months to 5 years (inclusive)
Authors: Romanenko Viktor V. , Namazova-Baranova Leyla S. , Kotova Alina A. , Efendieva Kamilla E. , Ruleva Anna A. , Khait Ekaterina A. , Perminova Olga A. , Pak Tatiana E. , Lazareva Svetlana G. , Aleshina Liubov V. , Suprun Dmitriy A. , Galustyan Anna N. , Rychkova Olga A. , Romanova Tatiana A. , Aminova Alfia I. , Dulova Galina V.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of a clinical investigation on the administration of the Grippol Quadrivalent vaccine (influenza tetravalent inactivated subunit adjuvant vaccine) in children from 6 months to 5 years old. The vaccine has demonstrated no less effectiveness in comparison with the Grippol plus vaccine (influenza trivalent inactivated polymer-subunit vaccine).comparable results were obtained for all evaluated indicators of immunological efficacy against matching strains of the influenza virus, while for additional strain B (Yamagata line) there was a statistically significant difference in the increase in the immune response in the Grippol Quadrivalent group. The results of the assessment of the reactogenicity and frequency of systemic adverse events indicated a favorable and comparable safety profile of the vaccines Grippol Quadrivalent and Grippol plus in children from 6 months to 5 years old. The data obtained allowed us to conclude that the immunological efficacy of the Grippol Quadrivalent vaccine is no less when compared to the Grippol plus vaccine, as well as a comparable safety and reactogenicity profile. According to the results of the clinical investigation, on 08/04/2023, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation amended the “Instructions for the medical use of the drug”: Grippol Quadrivalent is indicated for children from the age of 6 months.
Çoktan Seçmeli Metin Sorularına Yönelik Çıkarım Yapabilme Becerisinde Gönderim Ögelerinin Rolünün Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Okur Alparslan , Köse Emin
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, gönderim ögelerinin çoktan seçmeli metin sorularının çözümlenmesi ve çıkarım yapma becerisindeki rolünü belirlemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın dokümanlarını 2018-2022 yılları arasında uygulanan Liselere Giriş Sınavı’ndaki metin içerikli çoktan seçmeli Türkçe soruları oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel analizden yararlanılmıştır. Gönderim ögelerinin yıllara göre dağılımı, hangi tür gönderim ögesi kullanıldığı ve metnin çözümlenmesinde ve çıkarım yapmada ne derecede etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre metin sorularında en çok artgönderim ögelerinin kullanıldığı ve artgönderimlerde işaret zamirleri, kişi zamirleri ve işaret sıfatlarının tercih edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu bulgulardan hareketle çıkarım becerisinin geliştirilmesi için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Görme Yetersizliği Olan Öğrencilerin Okuma Hatalarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Tiryaki Demet , Altunay Banu
Published: April 2024

Okuma hatalarının belirlenmesi, hedefe yönelik okuma öğretimi yapılabilmek ve olumsuz okuma deneyimlerinin önüne geçilebilmek için önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada görme yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin okuma hataları, okuma hatalarının sınıf seviyelerine göre durumu, kullandıkları stratejiler ve braille alfabesinden kaynaklanan hataların neler olduğunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmada betimsel model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya görme engelliler okullarının 2., 3. ve 4. sınıfına devam eden görme yetersizliği olan 15 öğrenci katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak; Formal Olmayan Okuma Envanterinde yer alan öyküler, hata analizi formu ve öğrenci bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, görme yetersizliği olan öğrencilerin fazla sayıda ve farklı hata türlerinde okuma hataları yaptığı, sınıf seviyesi yükseldikçe daha fazla hata yaptıkları, ortografik okuma stratejilerinin yanı sıra çoğunlukla alfabetik okuma stratejilerini kullandıkları, kısaltma sisteminden kaynaklı ve harf değişimi hataları yaptıkları görülmüştür.