bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defective and clustered choosability of sparse graphs
Authors: Hendrey Kevin , Wood David R.
Published: April 2019

An (improper) graph colouring hasdefect dif each monochromatic subgraph has maximum degree at mostd, and hasclustering cif each monochromatic component has at mostcvertices. This paper studies defective and clustered list-colourings for graphs with given maximum average degree. We prove that every graph with maximum average degree less than (2d+2)/(d+2)kisk-choosable with defectd. This improves upon a similar result by Havet and Sereni (J. Graph Theory, 2006). For clustered choosability of graphs with maximum average degreem, no (1-ɛ)mbound on the number of colours was previously known. The above result withd=1 solves this problem. It implies that every graph with maximum average degreemis$\lfloor{\frac{3}{4}m+1}\rfloor$-choosable with clustering 2. This extends a result of Kopreski and Yu (Discrete Math., 2017) to the setting of choosability. We then prove two results about clustered choosability that explore the trade-off between the number of colours and the clustering. In particular, we prove that every graph with maximum average degreemis$\lfloor{\frac{7}{10}m+1}\rfloor$-choosable with clustering 9, and is$\lfloor{\frac{2}{3}m+1}\rfloor$-choosable with clusteringO(m). As an example, the later result implies that every biplanar graph is 8-choosable with bounded clustering. This is the best known result for the clustered version of the earth–moon problem. The results extend to the setting where we only consider the maximum average degree of subgraphs with at least some number of vertices. Several applications are presented.
The Impact of Backboard Placement on Chest Compression Quality: A Mannequin Study
Authors: Sanri Erkman , Karacabey Sinan
Published: April 2019

Introduction:

High-quality chest compressions (CCs) are associated with high survival rates and good neurological outcomes in cardiac arrest patients. The 2015 American Heart Association (AHA; Dallas, Texas USA) Guidelines for Resuscitation defined and recommended high-quality CCs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). However, CPR providers struggle to achieve high-quality CCs. There is a debate about the use of backboards during CPR in literature. Some studies suggest backboards improve CC quality, whereas others suggest that backboards can cause delays. This is the first study to evaluate all three components of high-quality CCs: compression depth, recoil depth, and rate, at the same time with a high number of subjects. This study evaluated the impact of backboards on CC quality during CPR. The primary outcome was the difference in successful CC rates between two groups.

Methods:

This was a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study using a high-fidelity mannequin. The successful CC rates, means CC depths, recoil depths, and rates achieved by 6th-grade undergraduate medical students during two minutes of CPR were compared between two randomized groups: an experimental group (backboard present) and a control group (no backboard).

Results:

Fifty-one of all 101 subjects (50.5%) were female, and the mean age was 23.9 (SD = 1.01) years. The number and the proportion of successful CCs were significantly higher in the experimental group (34; 66.7%) when compared to the control group (19; 38.0%; P = .0041). The difference in mean values of CC depth, recoil depth, and CC rate was significantly higher in the experiment group.

Conclusion:

The results suggest that using a backboard during CPR improves the quality of CCs in accordance with the 2015 AHA Guidelines.

Sanri E, Karacabey S. The impact of backboard placement on chest compression quality: a mannequin study.Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):182–187
Think Globally, Act Locally: Community-Engaged Comparative Politics
Authors: Risley Amy
Published: April 2019

This article describes how comparative politics specialists can adopt community-engaged strategies and other innovative pedagogies to emphasize local–global connections. It discusses a comparative course on urban social movements that requires sustained, community-based learning. Students are placed in organizations advocating for refugee families, Latinx communities, and people in situations of homelessness. Engagement with community partners supports student learning in meaningful ways. Students apply social-movement theory to real-world situations, develop an understanding of activists and the communities they seek to empower, and gain intercultural competency by working with diverse groups. They also grapple with different modes of social action and models of citizenship. Most important, students learn to investigate activism comparatively through analysis of overseas cases. Bridging the local and the global in a single semester can be an arduous task, but undergraduates have embraced this challenge.
Imagery rescripting for the treatment of trauma in voice hearers: a case series
Authors: Paulik Georgie , Steel Craig , Arntz Arnoud
Published: April 2019

Background: High rates of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are reported in people who hear voices (auditory hallucinations). A recent meta-analysis of trauma interventions in psychosis showed only small improvements in PSTD symptoms and voices. Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) may be a therapy that is more effective in this population because it generalizes over memories, which is ideal in this population with typically repeated traumas.

Aims: The primary aims of this study were to investigate whether ImR reduces (1) PTSD symptoms, and (2) voice frequency and distress in voice hearers.

Method: We used a single arm open trial study, case-series design. Twelve voice hearers with previous traumas that were thematically related to their voices participated. Brief weekly assessments (administered in sessions 1–8, post-intervention, and at 3-month follow-up) and longer measures (administered pre-, mid- and post-intervention) were administered. Mixed regression analysis was used to analyse the results.

Results: There was one treatment drop-out. Results of the weekly measure showed significant linear reductions over time in all three primary variables – voice distress, voice frequency, and trauma intrusions – all with large effect sizes. These effects were maintained (and continued to improve for trauma intrusions) at 3-month follow-up. On the full assessment tools, all measures showed improvement over time, with five outcomes showing significant time effects: trauma, voice frequency, voice distress, voice malevolence and stress.

Conclusions: The findings of the current study suggest that ImRs for PTSD symptoms is generally well tolerated and can be therapeutically beneficial among individuals who hear voices.
Governing Digital Trade
Authors: MELTZER JOSHUA P.
Published: April 2019

As global data flows and digital technologies transform international trade, governments and regulators have to determine how to benefit from these developments while maintaining the integrity of their domestic regulations. Currently, governments are increasingly restricting global data flows and requiring data localization, undermining the economic benefits of digital trade. To address this trend will require a system of digital trade governance that has two key elements. One element is new digital trade rules, some of which exist in the WTO and others which are being developed in free trade agreements. The other is international regulatory cooperation to develop standards and mutual recognition agreements in areas such as privacy and consumer protection that gives domestic regulators confidence that allowing data to leave their jurisdiction will not undermine achievement of domestic regulatory goals. In the absence of such regulatory cooperation, governments are likely to continue to restrict data flows, relying on the exceptions provisions to their digital trade commitments.
Adults’ Responses to Children’s Crying after a Moral Transgression
Authors: Arriaga Patrícia , Murteira Carla , Oliveira Raquel
Published: April 2019

This study investigated how adults respond to a moral transgression committed by a child offender, by examining the role of the child’s sex, emotions, and crying behavior when caught committing a moral transgression on adults’ forgiveness, trust, and disciplinary behaviors. An experimental survey manipulated the children’s sex, crying, and their emotional expressions (fear, sadness, shame, and crying). Participants (N = 847) reported how they would feel, their willingness to forgive (immediately and a week after the event) and to trust the child, estimated recidivism, and the use of disciplinary behaviors. Results showed that participants in the crying conditions reported significantly higher levels of intention to trust and forgive the child a week after the event, and a lower estimation of the child committing a similar act in the future than participants in the non-crying conditions (ps < .05). Compared to men, women anticipated higher intentions to forgive (ps < .05), and more inductive behaviors, less overreactivity and warmth removal towards the child (ps < .001). Overall, the results suggest the functional value of crying in children-adults relations and the importance of the gender of both child and adults in a context of a moral transgression committed by a child.
Nitrogen Oxide Concentrations in Natural Waters on Early Earth
Authors: Ranjan Sukrit , Todd Zoe R. , Rimmer Paul B. , Sasselov Dimitar D. , Babbin Andrew R.
Published: April 2019

A key challenge in origins‐of‐life studies is estimating the abundances of species relevant to the chemical pathways proposed to have contributed to the emergence of life on early Earth. Dissolved nitrogen oxide anions (
), in particular nitrate (
) and nitrite (
), have been invoked in diverse origins‐of‐life chemistry, from the oligomerization of RNA to the emergence of protometabolism. Recent work has calculated the supply of
from the prebiotic atmosphere to the ocean and reported steady state [
] to be high across all plausible parameter space. These findings rest on the assumption that
is stable in natural waters unless processed at a hydrothermal vent. Here, we show that
is unstable in the reducing environment of early Earth. Sinks due to ultraviolet photolysis and reactions with reduced iron (Fe2+) suppress [
] by several orders of magnitude relative to past predictions. For pH = 6.5–8 and T = 0–50 °C, we find that it is most probable that [
]  <1μM in the prebiotic ocean. On the other hand, prebiotic ponds with favorable drainage characteristics may have sustained [
]  ≥1μM. As on modern Earth, most
on prebiotic Earth should have been present as
, due to its much greater stability. These findings inform the kind of prebiotic chemistries that would have been possible on early Earth. We discuss the implications for proposed prebiotic chemistries and highlight the need for further studies of
kinetics to reduce the considerable uncertainties in predicting [
] on early Earth.
How Mars Lost Steam
Authors: Underwood Emily
Published: April 2019

Solar winds are not the main culprit in stripping the planet’s atmosphere, a new study suggests.
Island Building Alters Waters Leagues Away and for Years After
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: April 2019

Quantifying the impacts of dredging through satellite remote sensing could serve as a valuable resource in future geopolitical disputes over contested waters.
Preliminary evidence of increased striatal dopamine in a nonhuman primate model of maternal immune activation
Authors: Bauman Melissa D. , Lesh Tyler A. , Rowland Douglas J. , Schumann Cynthia M. , Smucny Jason , Kukis David L. , Cherry Simon R. , McAllister A. Kimberley , Carter Cameron S.
Published: April 2019

Women exposed to a variety of viral and bacterial infections during pregnancy have an increased risk of giving birth to a child with autism, schizophrenia or other neurodevelopmental disorders. Preclinical maternal immune activation (MIA) models are powerful translational tools to investigate mechanisms underlying epidemiological links between infection during pregnancy and offspring neurodevelopmental disorders. Our previous studies documenting the emergence of aberrant behavior in rhesus monkey offspring born to MIA-treated dams extends the rodent MIA model into a species more closely related to humans. Here we present novel neuroimaging data from these animals to further explore the translational potential of the nonhuman primate MIA model. Nine male MIA-treated offspring and 4 controls from our original cohort underwent in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) scanning at approximately 3.5-years of age using [18F] fluoro-l-m-tyrosine (FMT) to measure presynaptic dopamine levels in the striatum, which are consistently elevated in individuals with schizophrenia. Analysis of [18F]FMT signal in the striatum of these nonhuman primates showed that MIA animals had significantly higher [18F]FMT index of influx compared to control animals. In spite of the modest sample size, this group difference reflects a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.998). Nonhuman primates born to MIA-treated dams exhibited increased striatal dopamine in late adolescence—a hallmark molecular biomarker of schizophrenia. These results validate the MIA model in a species more closely related to humans and open up new avenues for understanding the neurodevelopmental biology of schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders associated with prenatal immune challenge.
The relativistic causality versus no-signaling paradigm for multi-party correlations
Authors: Horodecki Paweł , Ramanathan Ravishankar
Published: April 2019

The ubiquitous no-signaling constraints state that the probability distributions of outputs of any subset of parties in a Bell experiment are independent of remaining parties’ inputs. These constraints are considered to form ultimate limits for physical correlations and led to the fields of post-quantum cryptography, randomness generation besides identifying information-theoretic principles underlying quantum theory. Here we show that while these constraints are sufficient, they are not necessary to enforce relativistic causality in multi-party correlations, i.e., the rule that correlations do not allow casual loops. Depending on the space-time coordinates of the measurement events, causality only imposes a subset of no-signaling conditions. We first consider the n-party Bell experiment (n > 2) and identify all configurations where subsets of the constraints suffice. Secondly, we examine the implications for device-independent cryptography against an eavesdropper constrained only by relativity, detailing among other effects explicit attacks on well-known randomness amplification and key distribution protocols.
Shaping triple-conducting semiconductor BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ into an electrolyte for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Xia Chen , Mi Youquan , Wang Baoyuan , Lin Bin , Chen Gang , Zhu Bin
Published: April 2019

Interest in low-temperature operation of solid oxide fuel cells is growing. Recent advances in perovskite phases have resulted in an efficient H+/O2-/e- triple-conducting electrode BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ for low-temperature fuel cells. Here, we further develop BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ for electrolyte applications by taking advantage of its high ionic conduction while suppressing its electronic conduction through constructing a BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ-ZnO p-n heterostructure. With this approach, it has been demonstrated that BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ can be applied in a fuel cell with good electrolyte functionality, achieving attractive ionic conductivity and cell performance. Further investigation confirms the hybrid H+/O2- conducting capability of BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ-ZnO. An energy band alignment mechanism based on a p-n heterojunction is proposed to explain the suppression of electronic conductivity and promotion of ionic conductivity in the heterostructure. Our findings demonstrate that BaCo0.4Fe0.4Zr0.1Y0.1O3-δ is not only a good electrode but also a highly promising electrolyte. The approach reveals insight for developing advanced low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes.
Out-of-equilibrium quantum magnetism and thermalization in a spin-3 many-body dipolar lattice system
Authors: Lepoutre S. , Schachenmayer J. , Gabardos L. , Zhu B. , Naylor B. , Maréchal E. , Gorceix O. , Rey A. M. , Vernac L. , Laburthe-Tolra B.
Published: April 2019

Understanding quantum thermalization through entanglement build up in isolated quantum systems addresses fundamental questions on how unitary dynamics connects to statistical physics. Spin systems made of long-range interacting atoms offer an ideal experimental platform to investigate this question. Here, we study the spin dynamics and approach towards local thermal equilibrium of a macroscopic ensemble of S = 3 chromium atoms pinned in a three dimensional optical lattice and prepared in a pure coherent spin state, under the effect of magnetic dipole–dipole interactions. Our isolated system thermalizes under its own dynamics, reaching a steady state consistent with a thermal ensemble with a temperature dictated from the system’s energy. The build up of quantum correlations during the dynamics is supported by comparison with an improved numerical quantum phase-space method. Our observations are consistent with a scenario of quantum thermalization linked to the growth of entanglement entropy.
What matters to people with COPD: outputs from Working Together for Change
Authors: Early Frances , Lettis Matthew , Winders Sarah-Jane , Fuld Jonathan
Published: April 2019

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a negative impact on people’s quality of life affecting daily activities and mental and emotional well-being. Healthcare services need to understand what patients want and need. We used a co-production methodology, Working Together for Change, not previously used in a COPD setting to determine what matters to people with COPD. Forty patients took part in one-to-one discussions to identify what was working well, not working well and what was important for the future in terms of their COPD care. The responses were analysed in two one-day co-production workshops involving COPD patients, carers and professionals. The six highest priority themes around what’s not working well were: ‘I don’t think the right hand knows what the left hand is doing’, ‘I can’t get appointments when I want them’, ‘I’m not treated as a person’, ‘I can’t do what I want to do’, ‘I’m anxious and depressed’ and ‘I can’t eat well.’ Professionals gained powerful insights into the difficulties of COPD through their interactions with patients in the workshops. What mattered to patients encompassed meaning, purpose and relationships beyond immediate medical needs and underlines the need for patient-centred holistic approaches to COPD care and support.
Resource-efficient verification of quantum computing using Serfling’s bound
Authors: Takeuchi Yuki , Mantri Atul , Morimae Tomoyuki , Mizutani Akihiro , Fitzsimons Joseph F.
Published: April 2019

Verifying quantum states is central to certifying the correct operation of various quantum information processing tasks. In particular, in measurement-based quantum computing, checking whether correct graph states are generated is essential for reliable quantum computing. Several verification protocols for graph states have been proposed, but none of these are particularly resource efficient: multiple copies are required to extract a single state that is guaranteed to be close to the ideal one. The best protocol currently known requires O(n15) copies of the state, where n is the size of the graph state. In this paper, we construct a significantly more resource-efficient verification protocol for graph states that only requires O(n5 log n) copies. The key idea is to employ Serfling’s bound, which is a probability inequality in classical statistics. Utilizing Serfling’s bound also enables us to generalize our protocol for qudit and continuous-variable graph states. Constructing a resource-efficient verification protocol for them is non-trivial. For example, the previous verification protocols for qubit graph states that use the quantum de Finetti theorem cannot be generalized to qudit and continuous-variable graph states without tremendously increasing the resource overhead. This is because the overhead caused by the quantum de Finetti theorem depends on the local dimension. On the other hand, in our protocol, the resource overhead is independent of the local dimension, and therefore generalizing to qudit or continuous-variable graph states does not increase the overhead. The flexibility of Serfling’s bound also makes our protocol robust: our protocol accepts slightly noisy but still useful graph states.
SERS-based rapid assay for sensitive detection of Group AStreptococcusby evaluation of the swab sampling technique
Authors: Eryılmaz Merve , Acar Soykut Esra , Çetin Demet , Boyacı İsmail Hakkı , Suludere Zekiye , Tamer Uğur
Published: April 2019

This study combines the accuracy of the gold standard with the sensitivity of SERS for fast detection of Group AStreptococcus pyogenes.
Rapid screening of the hydrogen bonding strength of radicals by electrochemiluminescent probes
Authors: Xu Qinghong , Liang Jiali , Teng Xu , Yue Xin , Lei Ming , Ding Caifeng , Lu Chao
Published: April 2019

In this study, we discovered that a clear decrease in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensities of luminol occurred upon increasing the electron donating capacity of amides.
A 3D free-standing lithiophilic silver nanowire aerogel for lithium metal batteries without lithium dendrites and volume expansion: in operando X-ray diffraction
Authors: Phattharasupakun Nutthaphon , Wutthiprom Juthaporn , Duangdangchote Salatan , Sawangphruk Montree
Published: April 2019

A 3D free-standing lithiophilic silver nanowire aerogel (AgNWA) can stop the dendritic growth of lithium metal at the initial nucleation process.
Minor modifications afford improved host selectivities in xanthenyl-type host systems
Authors: Barton Benita , de Jager Lize , Hosten Eric C.
Published: April 2019

In the presence of equimolar mixtures of two related guest series, N,N′-bis(9-phenyl-9-xanthenyl)ethylenediamine (H2) displayed significantly enhanced selectivities compared with N,N′-bis(9-phenyl-9-thioxanthenyl)ethylenediamine (H1).
Human occupant contribution to secondary aerosol mass in the indoor environment
Authors: Avery Anita M. , Waring Michael S. , DeCarlo Peter F.
Published: April 2019

Occupancy in indoor spaces can contribute to indoor aerosol mass via reactions of oxidants such as ozone with skin constituents and subsequent partitioning of those oxidation product to existing aerosol.
Dual effect of humidity on cesium lead bromide: enhancement and degradation of perovskite films
Authors: Di Girolamo Diego , Dar M. Ibrahim , Dini Danilo , Gontrani Lorenzo , Caminiti Ruggero , Mattoni Alessandro , Graetzel Michael , Meloni Simone
Published: April 2019

Humidity enhances the crystallinity of CpPbBr3perovskite films for short exposure times and degrades them for long exposure times.
A silver wire aerogel promotes hydrogen peroxide reduction for fuel cells and electrochemical sensors
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Heng , Wang Jinxu , Yang Siyuan , Liu Tianyu , Tao Kai , Chang Honglong
Published: April 2019

A self-standing silver wire aerogel with continuous electron transport pathways and enhanced mass transport as a H2O2 reduction reaction catalyst.
A hemicyanine-based fluorescent probe for hydrazine detection in aqueous solution and its application in real time bioimaging of hydrazine as a metabolite in mice
Authors: Li Tao , Liu Jian , Song Linjiang , Li Zicheng , Qi Qingrong , Huang Wencai
Published: April 2019

A fluorescent probe, Hcy-Ac, was developed for the monitoring of in situ hydrazine release during the metabolism of isoniazid.
Achieving multicolor emission readout and tunable photoswitching via multiplexing of dual lanthanides in ferroelectric oxides
Authors: Sun Haiqin , Li Xuefeng , Zhu Yan , Wang Xusheng , Zhang Qiwei , Hao Xihong
Published: April 2019

Pr3+ and Er3+ co-doped Bi2.5Na0.5Nb2O9-based photochromic materials exhibit multicolor emission readout and tunable photoswitching properties.
Conservation Level Assessment Application to a heritage building
Authors: Rodrigues Fernanda , Matot Raquel , Costa Aníbal , Tavares Alíce , Fonseca Jorge , Alves Ana
Published: April 2019

An evaluation methodology to estimate the envelope’s degradation level (DL) was developed being after object of adjustment and improvement. The methodology is based on visual survey and in the application of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) method allied to evaluation scales, aiming to achieve building condition assessment and prioritizing refurbishment interventions. In Portugal, the high buildings number needing refurbishment justified the evolution and improvement of the original methodology of state of conservation assessment of residential buildings at controlled costs. This methodology firstly developed and applied for residential buildings was based on an evaluation scale of eight levels, which was after adjusted to five levels. This simplification aims an easier application of this methodology and provides users with a clear understanding of his features. A summarised evolution of this methodology will be depicted in this paper and will be applied to a heritage building located in the city of Oporto, in Portugal. Beyond the evolution of this buildings conservation assessment methodology, this paper aims to show its usefulness for heritage buildings condition assessment, through the application to a case study.
Application of BIM technology for surveying heritage buildings
Authors: Galieva Anna , Galiev Denis , Alekhin Vladimir , Chirkova Maria , Boswell Laurence
Published: April 2019

The preservation of heritage buildings is beyond doubt an important problem of today. The examination of a heritage building involves a number of problems, viz. missing design documentation, the need to find extant reports about technical condition of the building structures and building reconstruction projects prepared by different organizations, and nonconformance of data contained in drawings and documents of different organizations. In this paper the abovementioned problems are reviewed exemplified by the case of the federal heritage-listed building "Ekaterinburg State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre", Yekaterinburg. The paper proposes the use of solutions based on information modeling methods for the examination of structures of the abovementioned building and reviews the possibility of employing these methods for upkeeping the building. The article demonstrates the practical value of the proposed application of a BIM model method comprising the building reconstruction stages for the structure survey on a specific example. The method proposed in the paper has a great practical value and can be employed for the improvement of normative and technical documentation, heritage building survey works, and for creating design documentation for restoration of buildings.
Building defects as a result of non-conceptual design
Authors: Lojda Jan
Published: April 2019

The contribution deals, describes and analyzes the fundamental connection between defects and the design of a building. Approximately half of the faults occur in building objects due to incorrect or faulty design activities. The non-conceptual approach to managing building preparation and insufficient and unqualified project design control poses problems with building use and increases the cost of maintenance. Improving engineering design and a comprehensive approach to project preparation and preparation is a way to increase the quality of design work. In his contribution, the author relies on quality management systems and their implementation in design offices and companies. At the same time, the term is a complex project, which would be a control tool for the quality of projection work.
Digital quality control of construction work
Authors: Synek Jaroslav
Published: April 2019

This paper focuses on deploying, using and evaluating the benefits of digital quality control on site - requirements for digital control, digital control principles, digital control tools and their capabilities, outputs from digital quality control, utilization and implementation of digital quality control and its benefits for design, implementation and evaluation in the building’s life cycle.
Targeting public awareness of a building development project
Authors: Sůra Miroslav
Published: April 2019

The responsible body pushing a case of a building project often gets into the situation when they have to defend and carry the project through the public. Lack of defects in a project, such as concerning green and sustainable building objectives, has positive influence on public awareness when the project is to be implemented. The building projects in question were not viewed and accepted equally by each party as different defects were pointed out by different subjects – the projects did not naturally resonate with everyone’s views. In the article we present a course of action while informing the public and other subjects involved in a building project. The purpose was to eliminate defects apt to induce disagreements with the building project, to eliminate such adverse consequences as delays and extra costs, caused by some individuals’ lack of information, or sometimes by others parties’ disturbing or harmful plans, either based on the law or not. Some figures are available that document the time change in public attitude as the information process controlled by municipality progressed and thus modified the public attitudes.
Diagnostics of steel structures with the dynamic non-destructive method
Authors: Beskopylny Alexey , Veremeenko Andrey , Shilov Alexander
Published: April 2019

The method of the assessment of steel structures mechanical properties is considered with the nondestructive test by conical indentation. The nondestructive evaluating of the steel mechanical properties in real structures is widely spread in many applied problems. Dynamic indentation method is one of the most effective because of compatibility and accuracy. For this purpose, the static and dynamic problem of axisymmetric elastic-plastic truncated cone indentation is solved, and the results are compared with finite element analysis and experimental data. The method of nondestructive evaluating of mechanical characteristics is suggested and devise of the realization of the method is tested at real structures. The method is tested on steel railway bridges that are being operated for more than 60 years. As a result, zones with lower strength values were identified, and recommendations for strengthening the design were given.
Experimental study of zone of yield strength on corroded construction steel specimens for reuse
Authors: Shopov Antonio , Bonev Borislav
Published: April 2019

Zone of yield strength is a part of stress-strain diagram on steel. In this zone is located an upper and lower yield strength points. These points are important for calculation and design of steel structures elements. When a structural element is corroded, its mechanical properties are changed i.e. changes the geometric characteristics, superficial defects appear and leads to structural changes of material. The facts unambiguously determine that in order to decide whether or not the corrosion element can be reuse, it is necessary to study the material and to determine the new values at the yield strength points. In order to legally make the necessary calculation in sizing and to judge for its reuse. The report studies a zone of yield strength on steel elements with corrosion. Experimental data was obtained, then processed using the stochastic method of processing empirically obtained data, and it was determined with sufficient probability the values to be used for calculation and design in practice.
Thermal performance of wooden elements exposed to microwave radiation during treatment of building defects
Authors: Sobotka Jindřich , Smolka Radim
Published: April 2019

The paper describes application and theory of microwave radiation and experimental optimization of microwave radiation in relation to its growth of temperature inside and outside of wooden elements. The effect of microwave radiation on building structures is first manifested by vibration of water molecules contained in the material, which leads to a change of the state of matter from liquid to steam, which then evaporates from the wet material. During the transformation of energy from liquid state of matter to steam, heat is generated, therefore, wooden elements heat up. Therefore, the irradiated element, a wooden one in this case, gets dried up. More precisely, the paper assesses the effect of the heating times and distance of heated material from the microwave generator (antenna) and reached temperatures on the surface and inside of the irradiated spruce elements. Individual experiments were performed and results were evaluated for all wooden elements. Wooden samples were divided into two groups. Individual groups were exposed to microwave radiation for different times. In total there were two groups of spruce samples, where individual elements were exposed to identical ambient (outdoor) conditions for a long time.
Reconstruction of the terrazzo surface in the exterior
Authors: Novotný Michal , Nečasová Barbora
Published: April 2019

The article deals with terrazzo surface that is done in the exterior and which shows defects and faults after execution. It was an entry portal of an unnamed institution where the placed surface began to show flaws more or less immediately after laying. The article simply provides a research of the problem, deals with the proposed procedure and presents the results of the technology supervision. Currently, after the second execution, the surface again shows defects and the way of their remedy will be addressed. The article also presents the basic aspects that need to be respected and not neglected when this type of surface is realized. Terrazzo is primarily an interior material (in our conditions), but it is also possible to make it in the exterior – it is a special kind of concrete mixture. The article tries to summarize the issue and provide basic information about the problem and its solutions.
Surface temperature of bitumen sheets in the flat roof structure
Authors: Plachý Jan , Vysoká Jana
Published: April 2019

This paper deals with the surface temperature problem of flat roofs, where bitumen sheets are used as the final waterproofing layer. Currently it is possible to find defects due to the high surface temperature of the waterproofing layer on flat roofs. The result of such a high surface temperature is, for example, the release of bitumen sheets and the sublimation of the thermal insulation from foamed polystyrene. The paper focuses on the influence of the type, the color of the sprinkling and the type of background on the surface temperature. The aim of this paper is to determine the surface temperature of bitumen sheets based on the experimental measurement depending on the type and the colour of the surface. Measurements were made during warm summer days. Samples of bitumen sheets with green, grey, blue-grey, red, white and black-grey sprinkling were used. Concrete and foamed polystyrene were used as a background under bitumen sheets.
Computational Model for Calculation Horizontal Forces on Crane Runway
Authors: Musilek Josef
Published: April 2019

During a motion of an overhead bridge crane horizontal forces between wheels of the crane and the crane runway occur. These forces can be caused by skewing, acceleration or braking of the crane. There are several procedures for determination of these forces. These procedures can be found in professional literature and also in present standards for check and designing of crane structures. However, when there is made a comparison of computational models presented in the literature and present standards, it turns out that the computational models are different even if they describe the same physical situation – for example skewing of the crane or the acceleration or braking of the crane. The aim of this paper is to create computational model which would describe real behaviour of the crane during its motion on the crane runway and which would also enable to calculate the horizontal transverse forces between the crane wheels and the crane runway. This model will be created by modifying of the model already created by another author by taking account influences affecting the crane motion on the crane runway.
Cement with the addition of charred fermentation residues
Authors: Šál Jiří
Published: April 2019

This article focuses on the use and disposal of biochar waste from residual and waste biomass. Traditional use of this substance is its addition to arable land to improve its quality. The basic biochar component is a chemically stable carbon, which binds nutrients and other important substances to plant growth.

Positive effects on arable land have been sufficiently demonstrated, unfortunately amount of waste biochar is larger than what can be used in this way. That is why new opportunities need to be searched for. The area in which its use can be found is also building constructions. Recent research already underway focused on the addition of biochar to bricks and use as a plaster.

This paper explores further use of adding burnt fermentation residues to the cement composite. Cement is one of the most important materials in the construction industry, mainly used for concrete production. We live at a time when raw materials begin to vanish and need to be substituted, and at the same time that waste accumulates. That is why in the building constructions it is necessary to look for new ways. The use of high-temperature and fluid ash is already known to replace part of the cement. Using biochar may be another option.
Climate change impact – residential unit
Authors: Hollý Ján , Palková Adela
Published: April 2019

The issue of climate change is undeniably demonstrating its presence. Consequently, there is a rising need to be prepared for upcoming threats by any means possible. One of the precautions includes obtaining the information characterizing the expected impact of global warming. This will allow authorities and other stakeholders to act accordingly in time. The article presents the assessment of the extent of impact of energy-related construction solutions in dwelling type unit situated in Central Europe region under the 21st century climate conditions. The findings represent eventual demands of energy for cooling and heating and its prospective savings. This is conducted by consecutively and automatically changing the parameters in individual simulation runs. As a basis for simulations, regionally scaled weather data of three different climate areas are used. These data are based on the emission scenarios by IPCC and are reaching to the year 2100. The selection of assessed parameters and climate data application are briefly explained in the article. The results of simulations are evaluated and recommended solutions are stated in regard to the specific energy-related construction changes. The aim is to successfully mitigate and adapt to the climate change phenomenon.
Positive and Negative Aspects of ETICS
Authors: Žák Jaroslav
Published: April 2019

Thermal insulation of buildings brings the social benefits mainly through energy savings. However, the risk of producing undesirable negative impacts on the environment and the health of the population is not negligible. Proper selection of the appropriate variant and product should include an assessment not only of the thermal, technical, operational, economic but also health and environmental aspects. In assessing the environmental and health impacts, only CO and sulfur emissions are often evaluated. The impact of other very dangerous chemicals released during the production of ETICS components and subsequently during the operation of the building is investigated only marginally. This aspect will be given the utmost attention and individual variants will be carefully examined also in this point of view. The public does not usually have enough quality data on the various available ETICS variants. The chosen method of thermal insulation should also be felt by the user in a positive way, which will contribute to the comfort and high standard of living.
Ultraschallgesteuerte Regionalanästhesie bei Adipositas
Authors: Kessler Paul
Published: April 2019

Adipositas ist mit einer Reihe anästhesierelevanter Risiken verbunden. Regionalanästhesiologische Verfahren bieten viele Vorteile, stellen jedoch auch eine Herausforderung dar. Der Einsatz der Ultraschalltechnik mit der Möglichkeit, die Zielstrukturen zu visualisieren, kann hier hilfreich sein. Allerdings sind viel Erfahrung und ausreichendes Training Voraussetzung, da die Ultraschalltechnologie bei Adipositas physikalisch limitiert ist.
Anästhesie bei Erwachsenen mit Adipositas
Authors: Fudickar Axel , Bein Berthold
Published: April 2019

Die Prävalenz der Adipositas hat in den letzten 10 Jahren weltweit erheblich zugenommen – deshalb wird die perioperative Versorgung auch extrem adipöser Patienten immer häufiger notwendig werden. Dies schließt medizinische, technische und organisatorische Aspekte ein. Dieser Beitrag fasst neue Erkenntnisse und Empfehlungen zur Anästhesie bei Adipositas zusammen.
A deep neural network improves endoscopic detection of early gastric cancer without blind spots
Authors: Wu Lianlian , Zhou Wei , Wan Xinyue , Zhang Jun , Shen Lei , Hu Shan , Ding Qianshan , Mu Ganggang , Yin Anning , Huang Xu , Liu Jun , Jiang Xiaoda , Wang Zhengqiang , Deng Yunchao , Liu Mei , Lin Rong , Ling Tingsheng , Li Peng , Wu Qi , Jin Peng , Chen Jie , Yu Honggang
Published: April 2019

Background Gastric cancer is the third most lethal malignancy worldwide. A novel deep convolution neural network (DCNN) to perform visual tasks has been recently developed. The aim of this study was to build a system using the DCNN to detect early gastric cancer (EGC) without blind spots during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).

Methods 3170 gastric cancer and 5981 benign images were collected to train the DCNN to detect EGC. A total of 24549 images from different parts of stomach were collected to train the DCNN to monitor blind spots. Class activation maps were developed to automatically cover suspicious cancerous regions. A grid model for the stomach was used to indicate the existence of blind spots in unprocessed EGD videos.

Results The DCNN identified EGC from non-malignancy with an accuracy of 92.5 %, a sensitivity of 94.0 %, a specificity of 91.0 %, a positive predictive value of 91.3 %, and a negative predictive value of 93.8 %, outperforming all levels of endoscopists. In the task of classifying gastric locations into 10 or 26 parts, the DCNN achieved an accuracy of 90 % or 65.9 %, on a par with the performance of experts. In real-time unprocessed EGD videos, the DCNN achieved automated performance for detecting EGC and monitoring blind spots.

Conclusions We developed a system based on a DCNN to accurately detect EGC and recognize gastric locations better than endoscopists, and proactively track suspicious cancerous lesions and monitor blind spots during EGD.
Heilkraft für die Lebensorganisation
Authors: Rosenhauer von Löwensprung Natalie
Published: April 2019

Gemäß dem anthroposophischen Arzneimittelverständnis wirken Substanzen tierischen Ursprungs auf die Lebensorganisation, das heißt unter anderem auf die Selbstheilungs- und Bildekräfte. Potenzierte tierische Substanzen findet man in der anthroposophischen Arzneimitteltherapie sowohl in Einzelpräparaten als auch in Kombination mit Pflanzen, Mineralien und Metallen. Für den Einsatz der Arzneimittel spielt unter anderem die Höhe der Potenz eine Rolle. Sie entscheidet, ob ein Präparat bei chronischen oder akuten Geschehen oder zur allgemeinen Umstimmung eingesetzt wird.
Innovative Techniken in der Refluxchirurgie
Authors: Heimbucher Johannes
Published: April 2019

Potenzielle unerwünschte Wirkungen der PPI-Therapie (PPI: Protonenpumpeninhibitor) wie auch nicht immer zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse der etablierten Operationsmethoden führen aktuell zu steigendem Interesse an neuen chirurgischen Therapieverfahren zur Refluxtherapie. Die Technik und Ergebnisse der magnetischen Verstärkung (LINX®) und der elektrischen Stimulation (EndoStim®) des unteren ösophagealen Sphinkters werden dargestellt und diskutiert. Beide Verfahren sind wenig invasiv, prinzipiell reversibel und mit ermutigenden mittelfristigen Ergebnissen verbunden. Es wird damit eine erweiterte Indikation zur chirurgischen Therapie der gastroösophagealen Refluxkrankheit (GERD) angenommen. Dies birgt jedoch in Kombination mit der technischen Einfachheit der Verfahren das Risiko inadäquater Indikationen. Zur Gewinnung belastbarer Langzeitergebnisse wird die Etablierung eines verpflichtenden Registers vorgeschlagen.
Aktuelle Therapie der Achalasie 2019
Authors: von Rahden Burkhard
Published: April 2019

Die Therapie der primär idiopathischen Achalasie, der häufigsten der seltenen Ösophagusmotilitätsstörungen, unterliegt derzeit einem Wandel. Zunehmend setzt sich das Prinzip der „Heller-Myotomie“ als Standard durch. Mit der von dem deutschen Chirurgen Ernst Heller im Jahr 1913 erstbeschriebenen Kardiomyotomie lässt sich meist eine sehr gute Symptomkontrolle erzielen. Metaanalysen randomisierter Studien (Level-1A-Evidenz) zeigen die Überlegenheit der laparoskopischen Heller-Myotomie (LHM) gegenüber der pneumatischen Dilatation (PD). Protagonisten der PD beziehen sich zumeist auf die Ergebnisse der europäischen Multicenterstudie, die mit häufig wiederholten PD vergleichbare Ergebnisse wie die LHM erzielt hat, mit allerdings einer (nicht Intention-to-treat inkludierten) initialen PD-Serie mit inakzeptabel hoher Perforationsrate (33%). Zur Prävention eines postoperativen gastroösophagealen Refluxes (GER) nach LHM ist die Hinzunahme einer Fundoplicatio obligat. Die Manschette der Wahl ist die anteriore 180°-Fundoplicatio nach Dor. Allerdings wird dieser Standard (LHM + Dor-Prozedur) nun bereits wieder herausgefordert. Die 2010 durch Haruhiro Inoue eingeführte und seither weltweit klinisch erprobte perorale endoskopische Myotomie (POEM) ermöglicht die Durchführung der „Heller-Myotomie“ auf rein endoskopischem Wege. Die Komplikationsraten von POEM sind gering, die Symptomkontrolle ist in systematischen Reviews der publizierten Serien zur LHM vergleichbar oder sogar diskret überlegen. Vorteile der POEM sind u. a. die Möglichkeit, eine lange Myotomie (erforderlichenfalls des gesamten Ösophagus) durchzuführen und die relativ freie Wählbarkeit der Lokalisation der Myotomie (anteriores/posteriores POEM). Nachteile von POEM sind die bewiesen höhere postoperative Refluxrate nach POEM im Vergleich zur LHM, bei allerdings meist guter Behandelbarkeit des Refluxes mit PPI, erforderlichenfalls (selten) nachträglicher laparoskopischer Dor-Fundoplicatio. (Vorläufige) Ergebnisse von 2 prospektiv randomisierten Studien zeigen die Überlegenheit der POEM gegenüber der PD und Gleichwertigkeit der POEM zu LHM + Dor-Prozedur, bei erhöhtem GER. Im eigenen Vorgehen werden POEM und LHM in einem „Tailored Approach“ (maßgeschneidert) verwendet: POEM wird bevorzugt bei Typ III und Typ II mit Brustschmerzen, LHM bei sigmoidaler Achalasie und morphologischen Begleitveränderungen (Hernie, Divertikel etc.), ansonsten liberalere Verfahrenswahl.
Mitgeschöpf als Medizin
Authors: Bierbach Elvira
Published: April 2019

Lebende Tiere, die zu Heilzwecken eingesetzt werden, können als Arzneimittel oder Medizinprodukt zugelassen sein. Zu den klassischen tierischen Heilmitteln in der Naturheilkunde gehören unter anderem Blutegel, Ameisensäure, Cantharidenpflaster und homöopathische Zubereitungen. Nicht mehr legal möglich ist der Einsatz von Schlangengiften im Sinne der Enzymtherapie. Bei Zuwiderhandlung drohen haftungsrechtliche Konsequenzen.