bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengelolaan Wakaf Uang : Usulan Skema Pembiayaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah
Authors: Sri Noerhidajati  , Fahruroji
Published: January 2024

Studi mengenai pengelolaan wakaf uang melalui pembiayaan kepada usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah (UMKM) bertujuan untuk memberikan alternatif pengelolaan wakaf untuk kegiatan produktif terutama UMKM dengan meminimalkan risiko tidak kembalinya pokok wakaf. Studi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif yaitu melalui studi literatur yang memuat kajian yang pernah dilakukan sebelumnya,   skema pembiayaan UMKM yang pernah dilakukan oleh beberapa lembaga yang kemudian penulis modifikasi untuk memperoleh skema pembiayaan UMKM yang memiliki risiko yang relatif rendah.  Studi ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa pengelolaan wakaf uang untuk pembiayaan UMKM dapat dilakukan dengan skema supply chain financing (SCF). Skema SCF memiliki risiko yang relatif rendah, karena pembiayaan diberikan atas dasar tagihan UMKM kepada mitra usaha. Untuk usaha skala mikro yang umumnya modalnya masih lemah dan usahanya belum berkembang, pinjaman dapat diberikan tanpa bagi hasil. Sedangkan pembiayaan kepada usaha kecil dan menengah dapat diberikan pinjaman dengan sistem bagi hasil. Studi ini masih terbatas pada pembiayaan UMKM secara umum, ke depan dapat dikembangkan studi lebih lanjut skema pembiayaan UMKM pada sektor ekonomi tertentu atau secara spasial sesuai karakteristik wilayah masing-masing.
Peran Koperasi Syariah BMT El-Mizan Annafii dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat
Authors: Neng Frida
Published: January 2024

Keberadaan koperasi syariah bertujuan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan warga terhadap lembaga keuangan tidak resmi yang banyak terdapat di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengenali peranan Koperasi BMT El-Mizan Annafii dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui dokumentasi, wawancara, dan observasi lapangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BMT El-Mizan Annafii meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dengan menyediakan pinjaman dan pembiayaan yaitu seperti pembiayaan mudharabah dan pembiayaan murabahah, juga dengan adanya program simpanan seperti simpanan pokok, simpanan wajib dan simpanan sukarela. Keterbatasan penelitian ini yang hanya melakukan analisis terhadap peran koperasi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, sehingga perlu dikembangkan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai peran koperasi untuk cakupan yang lebih luas.
Analisis Implementasi Strategi Bauran Pemasaran (Marketing Mix) 11P Pada UMKM Tenis (Teh Nikmat Sidamanik)
Authors: Tasya Yustika Putri  , Tuti Anggraini  , Rahmat Daim Harahap
Published: January 2024

Tenis (Teh Nikmat Sidamanik) adalah salah satu Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) yang menghasilkan produk teh khas Sidamanik yang dikemas secara modern untuk menarik minat konsumen dan mengenalkan cita rasa teh khas Sidamanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan  implementasi bauran pemasaran 11P UMKM Tenis dalam  mengembangkan dan meningkatkan penjualan  produknya dan  mengetahui faktor pendorong dan penghambat dari penerapan bauran pemasaran 11P. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis data model interaktif, uji keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil bahwa UMKM Tenis menerapkan strategi bauran pemasaran 11P dalam meningkatkan penjualan akan tetapi masih terdapat penerapan bauran pemasaran yang masih kurang efektif. Adapun faktor penghambat dalam implementasi bauran pemasaran 11P pada UMKM Tenis  yaitu dari faktor Place, Promotion dan Process dan faktor pendukung yaitu dari faktor Product, Price, People, Physical Evidence, Packaging, Promise, Programming, and Partnership. Faktor-faktor yang terdapat pada penelitian ini masih terbatas, sehingga di penelitian selanjutnya peneliti lain diharapkan mampu mengkaji lebih luas tentang bauran pemasaran dengan teknik yang berbeda secara rinci dan kompleks.
Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Label Halal Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk Mie Instan Samyang Dengan Minat Beli Sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Annisa Jati Utami  , Irmayanti Hasan
Published: January 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat isu kualitas dan labelisasi halal yang berdampak pada perhatian konsumen dan dapat mengarah pada keputusan pembelian produk Samyang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan survei dengan desain penelitian kuantitatif dan desain kausalitas. Demografi penelitian ini terdiri dari seluruh mahasiswa Kota Malang yang menggunakan produk Samyang. Purposive sampling akan digunakan untuk memilih hingga 200 responden berdasarkan hasil perhitungan sampel. Data dikumpulkan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner, yang kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan mediasi SEM-PLS dan pengolahan data menggunakan perangkat lunak Warp PLS (Partial Least Square) versi 3.0. Temuan mengungkapkan bahwa Kualitas Produk (X1) dan Label Halal (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Minat Beli (Z), Kualitas Produk (X1) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y), Label Halal (X2) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y), dan Minat Beli (Z) berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y). Kesimpulannya adalah pelanggan produk mie instan Samyang memberikan nilai yang tinggi terhadap kualitas dan label halal sebelum melakukan pembelian barang tersebut. Keterbatasan penelitian ini karena waktu penelitian, tenaga, dan kemampuan peneliti yang menyebabkan tidak dapat menggunakan sampel mahasiswa yang mengkonsumsi mie Samyang di seluruh Universitas yang ada di Kota Malang.
ОБОСНОВАНИЕ СОСТАВА И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПРИГОТОВЛЕНИЯ МЮСЛИ-БАТОНЧИКОВ ПОВЫШЕННОЙ ПИЩЕВОЙ ЦЕННОСТИ
Authors: Резниченко Ирина Юрьевна , Мирошина Татьяна Александровна
Published: January 2024

Здоровое питание сегодня рассматривается как обязательный критерий, обеспечивающий профилактику и защиту организма человека от неинфекционных заболеваний и нарушений здоровья. Цель работы заключалась в обосновании состава и технологических параметров приготовления мюсли-батончиков с добавленной пищевой ценностью. При выборе сырья для мюсли-батончиков основывались на пищевой, в том числе биологической ценности сырья и его вкусовой совместимости, отсутствие подобного рецептурного состава в существующем ассортименте мюсли на потребительском рынке. В результате экспериментальных исследований обоснован рецептурный состав мюсли-батончика. Связующим компонентом является мед, что определило отличительную особенность продукта. Новыми ингредиентами, ранее не применяемыми в составе мюсли-батончиков, выбраны сныть и семена конопли. С учетом свойств сырьевых компонентов подобраны технологические параметры приготовления батончика мюсли, оценены органолептические и физико-химические характеристики. Определена пищевая ценность разработанных изделий и их функциональная направленность. Содержание пищевых волокон составляет более 6 г на 100 г продукта, содержание железа свыше 30 % средней суточной нормы потребления, вследствие чего новые изделия можно позиционировать как продукты питания с высоким содержанием пищевых волокон и железа. Содержание магния и фосфора составляет более 15 % от средней суточной потребности в данных минеральных веществах, что характеризует изделия и как источник данных минеральных элементов.
Влияние растительных добавок на показатели качества заварного полуфабриката
Authors: Копылова Анастасия В. , Сапожников Александр Н. , Давыденко Наталия И , Левин Тимофей А , Рыбакольникова Инна Ю
Published: January 2024

Настоящее исследование было проведено с целью разработки и изучения рецептур заварного полуфабриката с использованием порошков инфракрасной (ИК) сушки листьев шпината и черешков сельдерея для повышения его пищевой ценности и исследования показателей качества готовых изделий. Заварной полуфабрикат является распространенным среди российских потребителей и может являться основой для производства широкого ассортимента изделий с начинками. Улучшение органолептических показателей, повышение пищевой и снижение энергетической ценности заварного полуфабриката может быть достигнуто различными способами, в том числе за счет использования различных натуральных добавок растительного происхождения. В настоящей работе в качестве таких добавок были использованы порошки ИК-сушки из листьев шпината и черешков сельдерея. С целью улучшения органолептических показателей для отделки заварного полуфабриката был использован полуфабрикат кракелин. Путем математического моделирования было установлено, что оптимальным количеством порошков, вводимых как в сам полуфабрикат, так и в кракелин, является 8,5% от массы пшеничной муки. При этом энергетическая ценность максимально снижается, содержание пищевых волокон в 100 г изделия составляет более 15% от суточной нормы, а стоимость сырья на одно изделие не превышает 50 р. Выработанные по расчетным рецептурам экспериментальные образцы отличались более высокими органолептическими показателями, формоудерживающей способностью и повышенной пищевой ценностью. В результате проведенного исследования рекомендовано практически внедрить разработанные рецептуры и технологии на профильных производствах.
РАЗРАБОТКА ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ПРОДУКТА ИЗ МЯСА ЯКА
Authors: Тамабаева  Бибикуль Сулеевна Тамабаева  Бибикуль Сулеевна , Абакирова  Элиза Майрамбековна Абакирова  Элиза Майрамбековна
Published: January 2024

Мясо яка представляет большой интерес с точки зрения его химического состава. Это мясо содержит значительное количество миоглобина и гемоглобина (железосодержащих белков), что является главным его достоинством по сравнению с другими видами мяса. Учитывая нехватку минеральных веществ в продуктах питания, в Кыргызской Республике распространились заболевания щитовидной железы и железодефицитной анемии. Это связано с недостатком в организме железа и йода. В связи с чем нами поставлена задача разработать новый функциональный продукт, основным сырьем для которого явилось мясо яка, богатое гемовым железом. Для увеличения содержания йода в качестве добавки мы использовали ламинарию сушеную. Экспериментальным путем были исследованы химический и минеральный составы основного сырья мяса яка и йодсодержащей добавки ламинарии. Выявлено, что в мясе яка содержится 4,95 мг/100 г железа, в то время как йода содержалось всего 3,82 мкг/ 100 г, в ламинарии же количество йода составило 516 мкг/100 г. Также был исследован минеральный состав готового продукта с ламинарией до и после тепловой обработки и контрольного образца для сравнительного анализа потерь компонентов при тепловой обработке продукта.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ РЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СВОЙСТВ ПИЩЕВОЙ CИСТЕМЫ ДЛЯ СУФЛЕ НА ОСНОВЕ ТЫКВЫ
Authors: Вайтанис Марина Александровна , Ходырева  Зоя Рафаиловна Ходырева  Зоя Рафаиловна
Published: January 2024

Овощные блюда являются основными в каждодневном рационе человека, поскольку могут удовлетворить суточную потребность организма в необходимых питательных веществах. Целью работы является изучение влияния гороховой муки на реологические свойства пищевой системы для суфле на основе тыквы. Объект исследования – пищевая система для суфле из тыквы с добавлением гороховой муки в количестве до 30 %. Предмет исследования – реологические показатели: вязкость, адгезия, удельный объем пищевой системы на основе тыквы с добавлением гороховой муки. Исследовано влияние различных дозировок внесения гороховой муки на реологические свойства пищевой системы для овощного суфле. Добавление гороховой муки в пищевую систему для суфле приводит к увеличению вязкости на 125 м2/с, уменьшению адгезии на 4,3 Па, снижению удельного объема на 7,6 мл/г в сравнении с контрольным образцом, выработанным с внесением пшеничной муки.  Полученные результаты реологических свойств пищевой системы из тыквы в сочетании с гороховой мукой необходимо учитывать в технологии приготовления разнообразных видов блюд с пышной консистенцией, таких как суфле, пудинги и запеканки.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ДОБАВОК ER И HF НА ЛИТУЮ МИКРОСТРУКТУРУ И МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ВЫСОКОМАГНИЕВОГО АЛЮМИНИЕВОГО СПЛАВА 1590, ЭКОНОМНО ЛЕГИРОВАННОГО СКАНДИЕМ
Authors: Рагазин  Александр Алексеевич Рагазин  Александр Алексеевич , Арышенский Евгений Владимирович , Арышенский  Владимир Юрьевич Арышенский  Владимир Юрьевич , Дриц  Александр Михайлович Дриц  Александр Михайлович , Коновалов  Сергей Валерьевич Коновалов  Сергей Валерьевич
Published: January 2024

Работа посвящена исследованию влияния эрбия и гафния на литую микроструктуру высокомагниевого сплава 1590 с экономным скандиевым легированием. В качестве эксперимента были отобраны 9 вариантов слитков, которые содержали гафний и эрбий. Установлено, что в сплаве 1591 без добавок гафния и эрбия образуется дендритная структура с размером зерна ≈373 мкм. При добавлении в сплав 1590 гафния и эрбия зерно начинает измельчаться. При содержании Hf и Er в количестве 0,16 (%, вес) в 1590 образуется мелкозернистая недендритная структура с размерами зерен 32–38 мкм. Кроме того, добавление данных элементов приводит к росту количества и размеров интерметаллидов Al3Sc, которые, в свою очередь, вызывают модификацию литой структуры. Основное объяснение этому заключается в том, что Er и Hf так же, как цирконий, уменьшают концентрацию скандия, необходимую для формирования первичных интерметаллидов типа Al3Sc. В то же время измельчение зерна не приводит к росту прочностных свойств и снижает пластические, это происходит из-за большого количества упомянутых выше интерметаллидов.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ПОЛИТЕТРАФТОРЭТИЛЕНА И УГЛЕРОДНЫХ ВОЛОКОН
Authors: Ушканов  Александр Александрович Ушканов  Александр Александрович , Лазарева  Надежда Николаевна Лазарева  Надежда Николаевна , Охлопкова  Айталина Алексеевна Охлопкова  Айталина Алексеевна , Васильев  Андрей Петрович Васильев  Андрей Петрович
Published: January 2024

В работе представлены результаты исследования полимерных композиционных материалов на основе политетрафторэтилена (ПТФЭ) и модифицированных углеродных волокон марки «Белум». Установлено, что введение 1 масс. % наполнителя способствует повышению деформационно-прочностных характеристик композитов: предела прочности при растяжении на 18 %, относительного удлинения при разрыве на 2 % и модуля упругости в 1,2 раза по сравнению с ненаполненным ПТФЭ. Результаты исследования на прочность при сжатии свидетельствуют, что введение армирующего наполнителя в целом положительно влияет на повышение прочности материала: при 5 % деформации на 50 %; при 10 % деформации на 41 %; при 25 % деформации на 38 %. Трибологическими исследованиями зарегистрировано, что износостойкость композитов увеличилась в 76 раз, при сохранении коэффициента трения на уровне исходного ПТФЭ. На микрофотографиях образцов, полученных методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии, наблюдается плотно прилегающие волокна на поверхности композитов, вероятно таким образом защищают материал от изнашивания. С целью оценки взаимодействия полимерной матрицы с наполнителем проведены исследования методом дифференциально-сканирующей калориметрии. Выявлено, что чем выше энтальпия плавления, тем более упорядоченная (кристаллическая) система и тем выше стойкость к износу
РЕВЕРСИВНЫЙ ИНЖИНИРИНГ ПОЛИМЕРНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЛЕДОБУРА С ПЛАСТИКОВЫМ ШНЕКОМ
Authors: Ефрюшин  Данил Дементьевич Ефрюшин  Данил Дементьевич , Беушев  Александр Анатольевич Беушев  Александр Анатольевич
Published: January 2024

Реверсивный инжиниринг (реинжиниринг) является востребованной услугой для производителей в случае необходимости импортозаместить любой компонент, изделие или материал, из которого оно изготовлено, восстановить конструкторскую документацию или процесс производства в целом. В данной работе было проведено исследование материалов, из которых изготовлены пластиковые шнеки ледобуров от различных производителей. Проведен анализ элементного состава материала, плотности, растворимости, содержание наполнителя, а также ИК-спектрометрия. По результатам анализа подобраны наиболее предпочтительные материалы для изготовления целевых изделий.
ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ КОМПОНЕНТОВ МОТОРНЫХ ТОПЛИВ КАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ПЕРЕРАБОТКОЙ СМЕСЕЙ ПРЯМОГОННОЙ ДИЗЕЛЬНОЙ ФРАКЦИИ И РАПСОВОГО МАСЛА
Authors: Соснина  Дарья Вячеславовна Соснина  Дарья Вячеславовна , Алтынов  Андрей Андреевич Алтынов  Андрей Андреевич , Киргина  Мария Владимировна Киргина  Мария Владимировна , Богданов Илья Александрович
Published: January 2024

В работе установлено, что совместная переработка прямогонной дизельной фракции и рапсового масла на цеолитном катализаторе позволяет получить компоненты моторных топлив. Кроме того, в результате переработки наблюдается значительное улучшение базовых физико-химических и низкотемпературных свойств полученных продуктов, которое обусловлено изменением группового углеводородного состава. Выявлены закономерности превращения веществ при совместной переработке прямогонной дизельной фракции и рапсового масла на цеолитном катализаторе. Показано, что увеличение доли рапсового масла, вовлекаемого в переработку на цеолитном катализаторе, приводит к увеличению суммарной доли непредельных углеводородов в составе продуктов переработки, что, в свою очередь, приводит к увеличению плотности и снижению цетанового индекса.
СЕРОСОДЕРЖАЩИЕ ЗАГРЯЗНИТЕЛИ И СПОСОБЫ СНИЖЕНИЯ ИХ КОНЦЕНТРАЦИИ
Authors: Горелкина  Алена Константиновна Горелкина  Алена Константиновна , Тимощук  Ирина Вадимовна Тимощук  Ирина Вадимовна , Неверов  Евгений Николаевич Неверов  Евгений Николаевич , Голубева  Надежна Сергеевна Голубева  Надежна Сергеевна , Иванова  Людмила Анатольевна Иванова  Людмила Анатольевна
Published: January 2024

В данной работе анализируется состав подземных и поверхностных вод на содержание сероводорода региона с повышенной антропогенной нагрузкой. Приводятся пути формирования Н2S в водных источниках как биогенного характера за счет процессов разложения и окисления органических веществ естественного происхождения и конвективный перенос в случае близкого межпластового расположения к водоносному горизонту месторождений сульфидных руд, в частности сульфида железа, так и техногенного – неудовлетворительный уровень очистки сточных вод горнодобывающей отрасли, инфильтрация с техногенно-преобразованных территорий. Описаны способы снижения минерализации в воде: физические, реагентные и биологические. Показана эффективность аэрирования при определенных условиях среды как метода, применяемого для снижения уровня контаминации сероводородом. Приведен метод, эффективность которого не зависит от водородного показателя очищаемой воды.
FISCAL STIMULUS THROUGH INCOME TAX POLICY ARTICLE 21 AT THE KANWIL DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF TAXES
Authors: Rulandari Novianita
Published: January 2024

This Article 21 Government-borne Income Tax Incentive Policy (DTP) began to be implemented in April 2020 through PMK 23/PMK.03/2020 when the Covid 19 pandemic had spread widely in Indonesia, where many companies were shaken by the economy. Seeing the above conditions, the government carried out fiscal stimulus, one of which was through the Income Tax Incentive Policy Article 21 Borne by the Government (DTP), in order to help the economic recovery of the people affected by the Covid 19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze and evaluate how, obstacles, and efforts to overcome obstacles in the Implementation of Article 21 Government-borne Income Tax Incentive Policy (DTP) at the Tax Service Office of the South Jakarta Regional Tax Office I. This study is a qualitative research that focuses on the success implementation of the Government-borne Income Tax Incentive Article 21 (DTP) policy and the obstacles faced by collecting information through interviews with parties implementing the tax incentive policy. The results of the study found that the implementation of Article 21 Government-borne Income Tax Incentives (DTP) was in great demand by the public (the public) because it helped the community, in this case employees, maintain economic purchasing power in the midst of the Covid 19 pandemic that shook the economy in Indonesia.
Comprehensive Review of Oro Dispersible Tablets and Co Processed Super disintegrants
Authors: Kumar Voleti Vijaya , M Nandhini , T Sreelekhaa , A Praveen , Kumar E. Saravana , M Srinath , S Vishwa , P Shanmugapandiyan
Published: January 2024

Due to their ease of administration, self-administration, and improved patient compliance, solid dosage forms are most popular. The most normally utilized strong dose structures are tablets and capsules, which is challenging for pediatric and geriatric patients. Considering these prerequisites endeavors have been made to foster rapid dissolving Tablets. The solid dosage form of a medicine that dissolves in a matter of seconds when swallowed is known as orodispersible tablet. The utilization of Superdisintegrants improves the crumbling season of the tablet. Fast Dissolving Tablets are generally liked because of their convenience, higher bioavailability, quick disintegration and breaking down of the medication. The various technologies utilized in the formulation of Orodispersible tablets (ODT) and their evaluation are the primary focus of this review.
Unravelling framework for herbal product manufacturing and approval in south India
Authors: Rajini A , Jothieswari D , N S Ranjitha , Narayana N Audi
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the regulatory framework for manufacturing and approving herbal products in South India, a region with increasing global demand for natural remedies. It focuses on understanding the specific guidelines and processes crucial for industry stakeholders and regulatory authorities. The research highlights the unique aspects of the South Indian regulatory environment, including botanical authenticity, safety assessments, labeling requirements, and the protection of traditional knowledge. The aim is to assist manufacturers, regulators, and policymakers in ensuring the quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal products. Methodologically, the study relies on document analysis, expert interviews, and case studies of approved herbal products. Its findings aim to enrich the understanding of herbal product regulation, promoting sustainable development and trade in this field. This research is a valuable asset for industry professionals, researchers, and policymakers in the herbal products sector. Keywords: Herbal products, regulatory framework, South India, traditional knowledge, safety assessments, authenticity. (160 words).
Thinking What No One Else Has Thought: Investigating the Scientific Creativity of Primary School Students in a Science Class
Authors: Acut Dharel , Fernandez Shanaia Marie , Madelo Pauline Kaye , Lu Suico Ray Anne , Cane Jas Felicisimo , Magsayo Joy , Capuyan Mae , Siew Nyet Moi
Published: January 2024

For the advancement of humanity, scientific creativity is a crucial skill for coming up with innovations, addressing existing issues and interpreting particular scientific phenomena. The present study aimed to determine the scientific creativity level of 23 primary school students. In a single cross-sectional study, a descriptive survey questionnaire modelled on the Scientific Structure Creativity Model (SSCM) incorporated a seven-item scientific creativity test specifically designed to align with the backgrounds of primary school students. The results show that the students have a balance between a low or intermediate scientific creativity level. Of the 23 respondents, 8 have a low scientific creativity level, 8 have an intermediate scientific creativity level and 7 have a high scientific creativity level. The respondents are the most scientifically creative in creative science problem solving. The researchers recommend an intervention such as integrating the arts into the STEM curriculum to help develop students’ scientific creativity.
Nationwide study of in-hospital maternal mortality in Ecuador, 2015–2022
Authors: Lapo-Talledo German Josuet
Published: January 2024

Objective.

This study aimed to analyze estimates of in-hospital delivery-related maternal mortality and sociodemographic factors influencing this mortality in Ecuador during 2015 to 2022.

Methods.

Data from publicly accessible registries from the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Censuses were analyzed. Maternal mortality ratios (MMRs) were calculated, and bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to obtain unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios.

Results.

There was an increase in in-hospital delivery-related maternal deaths in Ecuador from 2015 to 2022: MMRs increased from 3.70 maternal deaths/100 000 live births in 2015 to 32.22 in 2020 and 18.94 in 2022. Manabí province had the highest rate, at 84.85 maternal deaths/100 000 live births between 2015 and 2022. Women from ethnic minorities had a higher probability of in-hospital delivery-related mortality, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 9.59 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 6.98 to 13.18). More maternal deaths were also observed in private health care facilities (AOR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.4 to 2.84).

Conclusions.

Efforts to reduce maternal mortality have stagnated in recent years. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, an increase in maternal deaths in hospital settings was observed in Ecuador. Although the pandemic might have contributed to the stagnation of maternal mortality estimates, socioeconomic, demographic and clinical factors play key roles in the complexity of trends in maternal mortality. The results from this study emphasize the importance of addressing not only the medical aspects of care but also the social determinants of health and disparities in the health care system.
Online/Offline discrepancies in moral judgement among social media users: A mixed methods study
Authors:   , Classen Benjamin
Published: January 2024

Anti-social behaviour online remains a pervasive and persistent thorn in the side of social media platforms. Understanding what drives bad behaviour online is an important step towards responding to the issue, and calls for an interdisciplinary understanding of a range of complex and interrelated factors. Discrepancies in moral judgement between online and offline contexts is an example of one such factor which is well supported within the theoretical literature but remains relatively underexplored from an empirical perspective. This thesis addresses this gap in the literature using a mixed-methods, vignette-based approach spread across three studies. Overall, the findings of these three studies revealed that while some online/offline discrepancies in moral judgement do exist, these discrepancies tend to be highly context-specific, and generally limited in frequency and extent. A contrast between the quantitative and qualitative findings also highlighted some tension between empirical insight and theoretical/self-reported perspectives on this topic.
Comparison of the Performance of Mini Generator Water Turbines in Series and Parallel Flow Systems
Authors: Kriswidijatmoko Mikael Adi , Hariyanto Rudi , Widiharsa Fransiskus Asisi
Published: January 2024

The need for electricity is crucial in modern life, but the depletion of fossil fuel resources and their negative impact on the environment has led to the need for alternative, sustainable, and renewable energy sources. One of the most widely used renewable energy sources is hydro energy, which can be harnessed through the use of water turbine generators. This research aims to design, prototype, and test the performance of a mini-series and parallel water turbine generator system with a 24-volt system. Furthermore, this research will evaluate the difference in performance between the series and parallel systems and analyze the efficiency of the mini-series and parallel water turbine generator system. The focus of this research is on the efficiency of the water turbine generator system with variations in water flow, but it does not cover large-scale industrial applications. This research aims to provide sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources as an alternative to conventional energy sources. The results of this research can serve as a reference for researchers and practitioners interested in the development of renewable energy sources, particularly water turbine generators. In the testing, the Series Turbine Series Generator system with a water flow rate of 6.38 L/min produced a maximum power of 2.43 watts, while the Parallel Turbine Series Generator system with a water flow rate of 13.01 L/min produced a maximum power of 2.142 watts. The efficiency ratio between the Series Generator and Parallel Generator is 1.5, with the Series Generator achieving a maximum efficiency of 38.6% in the Series Turbine Series Generator system, and the Parallel Generator achieving a maximum efficiency of 25.3% in the Series Turbine Parallel Generator system.
ANALYSIS OF CURRENT THREATS TO THE INFORMATION SECURITY OF ORGANIZATIONSAND THE FORMATION OF THE INFORMATION PLATFORM AGAINST THEM
Authors: Lehominova Svitlana , Haidur Halyna
Published: January 2024

Taking into account the process of complication of the geopolitical and geoeconomic landscape space, the development of information technologies and the formation of new security challenges associated with the emergence of new cyber threats, there is a need for constant monitoring and forecasting of them in order to prevent consequences in the form of damage and leakage of valuable and confidential information. The authors analyzed the new predictable cyber security threats to organizations, with special attention paid to the protection of endpoints. Threats identified in the field of artificial intelligence development (underground development of malicious Large Language Models (LLM); “Script Kiddies” update; voice fraud for social engineering, which is created by artificial intelligence); changing trends in the behavior of threat actors (attacks on supply chains against managed file transfer solutions, malware threats that are becoming multilingual); as new emerging threats and attack methods (growing QR code rivalry; stealth attacks on peripheral devices; Python implementation in Excel creating a potentially new vector for attacks; LOL drivers changing action algorithms). The resulting detection of future threats emphasizes the need for strategic planning for the adoption of new technologies and platforms: such as Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) capabilities, as well as the use of EDR as part of a multi-instrumented enhanced detection and response (XDR) architecture. Gartner’s research has been proven to have a tremendous impact on improving organizations’ threat detection capabilities by providing valuable insight into the strengths and weaknesses of each cybersecurity service provider with respect to emerging threat intelligence, by focusing organizations’ attention on opportunities to identify gaps in their existing security infrastructure and adopt sound decisions to invest in additional solutions or services that effectively address these gaps. The spheres of activity of the world’s leading companies were analyzed, their connection with Ukrainian companies was found, and further cooperation was proposed for the effective protection of national cyberspace.
Implementing Management Practices for Enhancing Water-Food Nexus Under Climate Change
Authors: Sabah Noor , Al-Mukhtar Mustafa , Shemal Khalid
Published: January 2024

The current investigation aims to develop a management strategy to enhance the relationship between water and food in the Euphrates River Basin, Iraq. The research methodology utilized the LARS-WG model to generate weather data for the future period (2020–2050) for the CanESM2 model. The weather data was subsequently employed in the CROPWAT model to estimate crop water requirements. Finally, the Water Evaluating and Planning (WEAP) model analyzed the great-inhabitant growth rate scenario (5%), climate change scenarios (i.e., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5), and management scenarios. The WEAP model was initially calibrated and validated utilizing several statistical metrics, viz., the root mean square (RMS), Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient efficiency (NSE), and the coefficient of determination (R2). Results revealed a superior performance of the WEAP model in terms of the statistical metrics utilized. The findings illustrate that the projected water demand under RCP 2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios and the inhabitants growth scenario increased by 49%, 54%, and 56%, respectively, in the year 2050 compared to the reference scenario. In addition, the findings indicate that the water demand would decrease by 59% under the considered management scenario. Accordingly, the investigation recommends implementing water management practices, especially adaptation measures for climate change. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-12-010 Full Text: PDF
Lean Construction Practice on Toll Road Project Improvement: A Case Study in Developing Country
Authors: Berawi Mohammed Ali , Sari Mustika , Miraj Perdana , Mardiansyah . , Saroji Gunawan , Susantono Bambang
Published: January 2024

Construction is a crucial industry that drives a nation's economic growth, yet it often faces inherent challenges related to productivity and waste generation. Lean Construction (LC) has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges. However, despite its success in various construction projects, some gaps in the practical adoption of LC hinder its widespread practitioner uptake. Therefore, to close the gap, the objective of this study is threefold: identify waste factors of construction activities, determine suitable lean tools for project performance improvement, and assess the impacts of the implementation of lean tools on project completion time and costs. A toll road project in Indonesia was investigated as the case study. A combined research method was employed by administering a questionnaire survey to pertinent project participants, conducting in-depth interviews, and analyzing relevant documents to achieve these objectives. This study discovered 15 non-value-added (NVA) activities that can be eliminated to enhance overall project performance. Most of these activities can be accommodated using coordination and collaboration, while some require a more comprehensive approach, including standardization, the Five S, crash programs, and overlapping techniques. Implementing lean tools resulted in a 19.17% reduction in project completion time, although it contributed to a 5.33% decrease in organizational profit compared to traditional approaches. The findings of this study hold the potential to benefit those facing similar issues, not only in emerging countries but also in developed economies grappling with similar contexts. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-12-016 Full Text: PDF
Operation Simulation for a Check Valve Used in High-Performance Systems
Authors: Soboleva Julia A. , Kerimov Abdulmejid M. , Anudinov Shamil Sh. , Kocharov Maxim A.
Published: January 2024

This research aims to increase the reliability and safety of pipeline systems by creating an improved model range of Butterfly Check Valves (BCV). Pipes through which working fluids are transported, parts related to shut-off and control valves, control measuring instruments, fasteners, anticorrosion elements, and other structural components are the main elements that make up pipelines. Fittings can be of different types; BCV refers to protective ones. These devices protect pipelines by disconnecting the working line in the event of a sudden change in the transported fluid parameters (pressure, flow direction), resulting in the failure of the entire system. Based on an analysis of the key requirements for valves, namely reliability, tightness of a closed system, ensuring safe operation, and analysis of existing BCVs, the design of the presented valve was created. Improved overall dimensions and tightness, both in the open and closed states, as opposed to the existing analogs, are distinctive features of the developed design of butterfly check valves. To confirm the results, the authors, using the finite element method, calculated the stress–strain state of the structure under normal conditions and with regard to the maximum temperatures of the working fluid. The reliability indicators of the developed elements were also calculated to confirm their operability. As a result, it was concluded that after the developed valves have passed acceptance tests, the research findings will make it possible to increase the reliability and safety of the valve itself and the entire pipeline system by introducing these structures into enterprises. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-12-017 Full Text: PDF
Seismic Risk Assessment and Rehabilitation Method of Existing RCC Structures Using Micro Concrete
Authors: Yin Jijing , Tang Debao , Chen Ting , Yang Yang , Ju Ling , Wan Yu , Ma Junpeng , Yue Xianqiang
Published: January 2024

Aging reinforced concrete (RC) building structures typically experience more severe damage and are prone to collapse during earthquakes, constituting a primary factor in casualties and direct economic losses. To enhance the seismic performance of these old structures, this paper proposes a seismic risk assessment and a micro-concrete restoration method. It applies the process to an existing three-story reinforced concrete structure. A practical framework for mitigating structural vulnerabilities in seismic-prone regions was proposed. Then an as-built survey was conducted to create as-built architectural and structural drawings. Concrete core tests, ferroscans, and rebar tests were also performed. Based on field surveys and test data, nonlinear static and dynamic analyses have been used to evaluate structural safety. Concrete column jacketing was used to strengthen weak existing columns with micro-concrete. In assessing the structural response of retrofitted buildings, a comparison was made to their initial state. The comparison shows that applying concrete column jacketing with micro concrete can reduce other structural elements' demand capacity ratio (DCR), minimize maximum displacements, and enhance overall stiffness. The results indicate that the proposed method effectively evaluates the seismic risk of aging structures and enhances seismic resilience in existing buildings. Moreover, the application to the actual structure demonstrates that micro-concrete is highly durable and compatible with parent-concrete. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-12-04 Full Text: PDF
Utilization of Ionic Organic Polymer to Improve Performance and Properties of Problematic Soils
Authors: Heneash Usama , Fawzy Hossam El-Din , Ali Karima , Basha Ali
Published: January 2024

Problematic soils with high compressibility and low shear strength are often treated with traditional chemical stabilizing additives such as cement and lime to improve their engineering properties. Polymers were employed to improve and reinforce a variety of material qualities in a wide range of applications. The use of polymer SBS (stabilizer base stabilizer) to improve the characteristics of problematic soils is discussed in this research. Two types of soils were used. The first type, "soil A Burj," is collapsible soil and was collected from Burj El-Arab city, while the second type, "soil B Dam," is fine sand and was obtained from Damietta city. The untreated and treated samples were subjected to sieve analysis, hydrometer, liquid limits, standard compaction, collapse potential (CP), direct shear, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) testing, and SEM, TEM, chemical, and microstructural analysis tests. Three different polymer SBS concentrations in water were used (1:300, 1:150, and 1:10). The results showed that by adding the polymer SBS, LL and OWC decreased exhibiting more plastic behavior compared to the non-treated samples. Also, the CP decreased with adding the polymer SBS, and the degree of collapsibility was enhanced from trouble to moderate trouble condition. The shear strength, internal friction angle, and CBR value were also improved. In summary, the best results were produced when a polymer ratio of 1:150 was used and a curing time of at least 28 days was provided. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-12-05 Full Text: PDF
Torsional Behavior of CFRP Strengthening of SCC Box Beams with Web Openings under Repeated Loading
Authors: Mahdi Haneen M. , Abbas Rafaa M.
Published: January 2024

Monotonic and repeated torsional loading frequently occur in many concrete structures. The loading and unloading action of repeated torsion places structures under greater damage and risk of failure than other types of loading. Therefore, keeping old infrastructure maintained, repaired, and upgraded has become an important priority and requirement. In this research, experimental work was done on pre-cracked self-compacted reinforced concrete box beams repaired (strengthened) with CFRP sheets to investigate the effect of web openings and CFRP sheets on the torsional behavior of tested specimens. Two groups of sixteen half-scale CFRP-strengthened RC box beams with different numbers of circular openings in the web, with a diameter of about 30% of the hollow box depth, were investigated. The first group (I), tested under monotonic torsional loading, comprised four unstrengthened RC beams and another four beams strengthened with CFRP strips, whereas the second group (II) consisted of the same details as the first one tested under repeated loading. The range of the repeated loading was about 30% and 60% of the ultimate load of the monotonic tests. The effect of opening and repairing (strengthening) with CFRP on the ultimate and cracking Torques, Torque-Twist Angle, steel strains, and modes of failure were displayed and discussed. Cracking and ultimate torques and the angle of twist of the tested beams were significantly reduced due to openings in the web, accompanied by increased values for the steel strains due to the presence of openings. However, the results showed that using CFRP strengthening techniques increased torsional strength, angle of twist, and decreased steel strain for all the tested beam specimens. Results revealed that repeated loading causes inelastic deformations in proportion to the number of loading cycles, more than static load deformations. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-12-06 Full Text: PDF
Clarification of the Present Understanding of the Assessment of an Organization’s Digital Readiness in SMEs
Authors: Silva Rui , S. Mamede Henrique , Santos Vitor
Published: January 2024

The role of digital transformation (DT) in economic development is a vital and recurring point of research. It is particularly relevant if we consider the high percentage of digital transformation initiatives that fail to deliver the expected results, particularly in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This paper analyzes what is needed to make this transformation successful from an implementation perspective and, simultaneously, from the standpoint of obtaining the company’s expected results. This phenomenon is even more critical to decipher and understand when we look at the small and medium enterprises that face more significant challenges due to the scarcity of resources and needed skills. This work reviews a large variety of models through an extensive systematic literature review (SLR) that assess the readiness and maturity of the digital transformation of enterprises, with a focus on SMEs, with its primary objectives being (1) to review the existing studies and models that assess an organization’s maturity and readiness in the context of digital transformation, focusing on SMEs; (2) to identify if there are gaps considering the importance of the SMEs; and (3) to propose a standardized set of dimensions that should always be considered in a digital transformation assessment. The outcome of this research provides an essential contribution by identifying apparent gaps in the assessment of digital transformation in SMEs and proposing a scalable and standardized set of categories and subcategories that can be used across any future assessment model. These contributions are even more relevant when referencing minimal deep research in the context of SMEs and Digital Transformation. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-06-025 Full Text: PDF
Harry Eugene Wheeler (1907-1987): A Pioneer of Sequence Stratigraphy
Authors: Pemberton S. George , Bhattacharya Janok P. , MacEachern James A. , Pemberton Erin A. L.
Published: January 2024

Harry Eugene Wheeler (1907-1987) of the University of Washington was a pioneer of genetic stratigraphic principles that form the basis of our modern concept of sequence stratigraphy. Wheeler's papers on what he liked to refer to as "stratology" included the classification of stratigraphic units into lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic entities, as well as cyclothems, unconformity-bounded units, and the analysis of base-level and its role in forming stratigraphic discontinuities. His work on unconformity-bounded "sequences" ultimately led the International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification to define them formally in 1987. The plots used to clarify the time-relationships of rock units are now referred to as "Wheeler diagrams". It is not uncommon that, in any scientific paradigm shift, many of the key pioneers are not fully recognized for their contributions at the time, being significantly ahead of prevailing concepts. It is also not uncommon that, by the time their points of view come into vogue, their contributions may have been largely forgotten with greater recognition given to those who synthesized or "popularized" their concepts. This is certainly true in the fields of seismic and sequence stratigraphy, where, despite the theoretical framework for sequence analysis formulated by Wheeler (1958a), little reference was made to Wheeler's work in the early formulation of these concepts in the 1970s and 1980s. Wheeler, schooled by Blackwelder, Mueller, and Schenck at Stanford and armed with the base-level concept of Joseph Barrell, was one of the first to recognize the concept of time stratigraphy. Due to his unorthodox view of stratigraphy, Wheeler was involved in one controversy after another and his views were deemed to be provocative. While the valuable contributions of latter practitioners and synthesizers are justifiably lauded, the works of original pioneers such as Harry Eugene Wheeler are largely underappreciated.