bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on Preparation of Ce/Cu‐BTC and Its Catalytic Oxidation Process of P‐Diethyl benzene to P‐Ethyl acetophenone in the Fixed‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Ji Songlin , Zhang Lin , Xu Ruxia , Liu Zongjian , Wang Haiyan , Cui Qun
Published: July 2023

A new cerium doped copper hybrid bimetallic organic framework (Ce/Cu‐BTC) was synthesized for oxidizing p‐diethylbenzene (PDEB) to p‐ethylacetophenone (EAP) in the batch and fixed‐bed reactors. The oxidization mechanism for PDEB to EAP over Ce/Cu‐BTC was investigated. Results show Ce/Cu‐BTC is a mischcrystal mixture of Ce‐BTC and Cu‐BTC, the addition of Ce can increase the crystal phase defects and enlarge the pore size of Cu‐BTC. The conversion rate of PDEB is above 95 % and the yield of EAP are stable at 75 % in the Ce/Cu‐BTC fixed bed reactor. A mixture of EAP, 1‐(4‐ethylphenyl)‐1‐ethanol (EPEA) and p‐diacetylbenzene (PDAB) can be detected in the outlet of the reactor. The PDEB with Ce4+/Cu2+, H2O2 and bromine free radical generate EPEA and EAP, the EAP is then further oxidized to PDAB. The mischcrystal structure of Ce/Cu‐BTC is beneficial to improve the catalytic oxidation activity and reaction rate of PDEB to EAP.
Evaluation of requirement engineering best practices for secure software development in GSD: An ISM analysis
Authors: Khan Rafiq Ahmad , Akbar Muhammad Azeem , Rafi Saima , Almagrabi Alaa Omran , Alzahrani Musaad
Published: July 2023

Technological advancement makes the world a global village. Security is an evergreen and everlasting area, because of the continuous threat from Hackers and Crackers. The immense use of software systems has modernized human society in every aspect. Thus, it is crucial to devise new processes, techniques, and tools to support teams in the development of secure code from the early stages of the software development process, while potentially reducing the costs and shortening the time to market. Considering the significance of software security, it is important to consider the security practices from the early phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC), that is, requirements engineering (RE). Hence, this study aims to identify and categorize RE practices important to apply for secure software development (SSD) in a geographically distributed development environment. To study the RE practices concerning SSD, we conducted a questionnaire survey with industrial experts in the global software development (GSD) context.

Furthermore, the interpretive structure modeling (ISM) approach was applied to evaluate the relationship between the RE security practice core categories. This paper identifies 70 practices and classifies them into 11 fundamental dimensions (categories) to assist GSD organizations in specifying the requirements for SSD. The ISM results show that the “Awareness of Secure Requirement Engineering (SRE)” category has the most decisive influence on the other 10 core categories of the identified RE security practices. With the help of empirical evidence and the ISM approach, this work attempts to identify potential security practices and to give a set of secure RE practices that can be used to improve the security of the software development process.
Charge Separation from Triplet Excited States in Nonfullerene Acceptor‐Based Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Kohzuki Kazuki , Shirouchi Rei , Natsuda Shin-ichiro , Saito Toshiharu , Sakamoto Yuji , Tamai Yasunari
Published: July 2023

Suppressing charge recombination is pivotal for further improving the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). The bimolecular recombination of free charge carriers leads to the formation of both singlet and triplet charge transfer (CT) states at a ratio of 1:3 when considering simple spin statistics, meaning that charge recombination via the triplet excited state is the main deactivation channel for OSCs. Although the formation of local triplet excitons through back charge transfer from triplet CT states is thought to be a terminal loss process, it is shown that charge separation from triplet excitons can occur in nonfullerene acceptor (NFA)‐based OSCs. To reveal the triplet exciton dynamics, a triplet sensitizer PtTPBP is doped into an OSC consisting of PM6 and Y6 as an electron donor and acceptor, respectively. Upon photoexcitation of PtTPBP, triplet excitons are formed, which subsequently transfer their energy to Y6, resulting in Y6 triplet excitons formation. Based on transient absorption and external quantum efficiency measurements, clear experimental evidence of charge photogeneration from Y6 triplet excitons at the PM6:Y6 interface is provided. This study highlights the importance of minimizing the energy difference between the singlet and triplet excited states of NFAs to suppress charge recombination.
Lead‐Free Halide Perovskite Photocatalysts for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: A Review
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Hu Bo , Li Yuan , Zhang Gaoke
Published: July 2023

Solar‐driven CO2 conversion is a promising strategy for solving energy and environmental crises. Developing photocatalysts with high performance is the key to achieve efficient CO2 conversion. Lead halide perovskite is considered as a promising photocatalyst for solar‐driven CO2 conversion due to its excellent properties. However, the toxicity of Pb significantly limits their practical applications. Therefore, developing the lead‐free perovskite photocatalysts has full scientific significance in greatly expanding their application scenarios and reducing the risk of environmental damage. At present, the lead‐free perovskite photocatalysts are attracting widespread attention from researchers and is currently a research hotspot in the field of photocatalysis. Herein, this review systematically describes the crystal structure, photochemical characteristics, preparation methods, and photocatalytic properties. Then, based on the mechanisms of photocatalytic CO2 reduction, this review explores the structure–activity relationship between the microstructure of perovskite and its photocatalytic performance in detail and introduces the modification strategies of lead‐free halide perovskite. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of lead‐free halide perovskite photocatalysts are discussed to fully explore their inherent potential for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction. This work provides insights and reference significance for further development of lead‐free halide perovskite photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Research in High Voltage and Insulation Engineering of UHV‐Class Electric Power Equipment
Authors: Okabe Shigemitsu
Published: July 2023

For ultra‐high‐voltage (UHV) systems together with high‐voltage facilities, more rationalized insulation coordination and equipment design are required. To this end, making large‐scale and long‐term field lightning‐strike observations, large amount of and practical experiments, and introducing new analysis techniques have enabled the development of advanced technologies capable of transforming conventional techniques. This paper reviews what has been developed in a Japanese electric power company in this regard. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The Alphabetic Principle and Concept of Word in Text: Two Priorities for Learners in the Emergent Stage of Literacy Development
Authors: Gehsmann Kristin M. , Mesmer Heidi Anne
Published: July 2023

This article addresses the characteristics of learners in the emergent stage of literacy development and describes two instructional practices that facilitate the development of the alphabetic principle and concept of word in text.
Iatrogenic pectus excavatum in a giant breed dog following median sternotomy
Authors: Santonocito Melissa , Levy Nyssa
Published: July 2023

A giant breed dog was presented to a university teaching hospital for restlessness and what its owners perceived to be vomiting. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to a pulmonary mass and underwent median sternotomy for lung lobectomy. Post‐operatively, the patient developed iatrogenic pectus excavatum, which likely contributed to morbidity and prolonged hospitalisation. A Hoyer lift was employed to assist patient mobility and limit external sternal compression from prolonged recumbency. This case highlights the potential for iatrogenic pectus excavatum, which may affect recovery in giant breed dogs post‐median sternotomy.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Wound Classification is Prognostic of 30‐Day Readmission Following Surgery
Authors: Yin Victoria , Cobb J. Perren , Wightman Sean C. , Atay Scott M. , Harano Takashi , Kim Anthony W.
Published: July 2023

Background

The goal of this study was to investigate factors associated with 30‐day readmission in a multivariate model, including the CDC wound classes “clean,” “clean/contaminated,” “contaminated,” and “dirty/infected.”

Methods

The 2017–2020 American College of Surgeons‐National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) database was queried for all patients undergoing total hip replacement, coronary artery bypass grafting, Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, pneumonectomy, and colectomies. ACS‐defined wound classes were concordant with CDC definitions. Multivariate linear mixed regression was used to determine risk factors for readmission while adjusting for type of surgery as a random intercept.

Results

477,964 cases were identified, with 38,734 (8.1%) patients having experienced readmission within 30 days of surgery. There were 181,243 (37.9%) cases classified as wound class “clean”, 215,729 (45.1%) cases classified as “clean/contaminated”, 40,684 cases (8.5%) classified as “contaminated”, and 40,308 (8.4%) cases classified as “dirty/infected”. In the multivariate generalized mixed linear model adjusting for type of surgery, sex, body mass index, race, American Society of Anesthesiologists class, presence of comorbidity, length of stay, urgency of surgery, and discharge destination, “clean/contaminated” (p < .001), “contaminated” (p < .001), and “dirty/infected” (p < .001) wound classes (when compared to “clean”) were significantly associated with 30‐day readmission. Organ/space surgical site infection and sepsis were among the most common reasons for readmission in all wound classes.

Conclusions

Wound classification was strongly prognostic for readmission in multivariable models, suggesting that it may serve as a marker of readmissions. Surgical procedures that are “non‐clean” are at significantly greater risk for 30‐day readmission. Readmissions may be due to infectious complications; optimizing antibiotic use or source control to prevent readmission are areas of future study.
Exploring the glycolytic cross-talk genes between inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer
Authors: Ye Chenglin , Huang Yabing , Gao Yuan , Zhu Sizhe , Yuan Jingping
Published: July 2023

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Glycolysis is involved in the development of both IBD and CRC. However, the mechanisms and outcomes of glycolysis shared between IBD and CRC remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the glycolytic cross-talk genes between IBD and CRC integrating bioinformatics and machine learning. With WGCNA, LASSO, COX, and SVM-RFE algorithms, P4HA1 and PMM2 were identified as glycolytic cross-talk genes. The independent risk signature of P4HA1 and PMM2 was constructed to predict the overall survival rate of patients with CRC. The risk signature correlated with clinical characteristics, prognosis, tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint, mutants, cancer stemness, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity. CRC patients with high risk have increased microsatellite instability, tumor mutation burden. The nomogram integrating risk score, tumor stage, and age showed high accuracy for predicting overall survival rate. In addition, the diagnostic model for IBD based on P4HA1 and PMM2 showed excellent accuracy. Finally, immunohistochemistry results showed that P4HA1 and PMM2 were significantly upregulated in IBD and CRC. Our study reveals the presence of glycolytic cross-talk genes P4HA1 and PMM2 between IBD and CRC. This may prove to be beneficial in advancing research on the mechanism of development of IBD-associated CRC.
Quantitative Evaluation of the 3D Anatomy of the Human Osseous Spiral Lamina Using MicroCT
Authors: Bom Braga Gabriela O. , Parrilli Annapaola , Zboray Robert , Bulatović Milica , Wagner Franca
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The osseous spiral lamina (OSL) is an inner cochlear bony structure that projects from the modiolus from base to apex, separating the cochlear canal into the scala vestibuli and scala tympani. The porosity of the OSL has recently attracted the attention of scientists due to its potential impact on the overall sound transduction. The bony pillars between the vestibular and tympanic plates of the OSL are not always visible in conventional histopathological studies, so imaging of such structures is usually lacking or incomplete. With this pilot study, we aimed, for the first time, to anatomically demonstrate the OSL in great detail and in 3D.

Methods

We measured width, thickness, and porosity of the human OSL by microCT using increasing nominal resolutions up to 2.5-µm voxel size. Additionally, 3D models of the individual plates at the basal and middle turns and the apex were created from the CT datasets.

Results

We found a constant presence of porosity in both tympanic plate and vestibular plate from basal turn to the apex. The tympanic plate appears to be more porous than vestibular plate in the basal and middle turns, while it is less porous in the apex. Furthermore, the 3D reconstruction allowed the bony pillars that lie between the OSL plates to be observed in great detail.

Conclusion

By enhancing our comprehension of the OSL, we can advance our comprehension of hearing mechanisms and enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of cochlear models.
Multi-GNSS precise point positioning with predicted orbits and clocks
Authors: Tang Longjiang , Wang Jungang , Cui Bobin , Zhu Huizhong , Ge Maorong , Schuh Harald
Published: July 2023

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) strongly relies on the precise satellite orbits and clocks, especially the latter requires high update rate, e.g., five seconds, due to its limited prediction accuracy. Such a high-rate update frequency is a burden to both the data analysis and communicating, and interruption in communicating is almost unavoidable. For the new constellations such as Galileo and BDS-3 with high-stability hydrogen clocks onboard, it is possible to predict satellite clocks to a longer arc. Moreover, recent developments in multi-GNSS ultra-rapid precise orbit determination enables the half-hourly update, ensuring the availability with a prediction arc of 30–60 min. We investigate multi-GNSS RT-PPP using half-hourly predicted products and demonstrate that a 3-D accuracy of 2.9 and 11.3 cm can be achieved for static and simulated kinematic solutions, respectively. We present the different clock prediction accuracies of different types of satellites and propose a satellite-specific weighting strategy in PPP, which exploits the benefits of the satellites of good performance. The method is based on the prediction accuracy of both, satellites and clocks, and shows an improvement of 15 to 60% compared to those without satellite-specific weighting or with simplified weighting strategies. We also demonstrate that Galileo satellites contribute the most in the quad-constellation solution, thanks to the highly stable satellite clocks.
Topologically Semiperfect Topological Rings
Authors: Positselski Leonid , Šťovíček Jan
Published: July 2023

We define topologically semiperfect (complete, separated, right linear) topological rings and characterize them by equivalent conditions. We show that the endomorphism ring of a module, endowed with the finite topology, is topologically semiperfect if and only if the module is decomposable as an (infinite) direct sum of modules with local endomorphism rings. Then we study structural properties of topologically semiperfect topological rings and prove that their topological Jacobson radicals are strongly closed and the related topological quotient rings are topologically semisimple. For the endomorphism ring of a direct sum of modules with local endomorphism rings, the topological Jacobson radical is described explicitly as the set of all matrices of nonisomorphisms. Furthermore, we prove that, over a topologically semiperfect topological ring, all finitely generated discrete modules have projective covers in the category of modules, while all lattice-finite contramodules have projective covers in both the categories of modules and contramodules. We also show that the topological Jacobson radical of a topologically semiperfect topological ring is equal to the closure of the abstract Jacobson radical, and present a counterexample demonstrating that the topological Jacobson radical can be strictly larger than the abstract one. Finally, we discuss the problem of lifting idempotents modulo the topological Jacobson radical and the structure of projective contramodules for topologically semiperfect topological rings.
Intracranial Neurofeedback Modulating Neural Activity in the Mesial Temporal Lobe During Memory Encoding: A Pilot Study
Authors: Koizumi Koji , Kunii Naoto , Ueda Kazutaka , Takabatake Kazuhiko , Nagata Keisuke , Fujitani Shigeta , Shimada Seijiro , Nakao Masayuki
Published: July 2023

Removal of the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) is an established surgical procedure that leads to seizure freedom in patients with intractable MTL epilepsy; however, it carries the potential risk of memory damage. Neurofeedback (NF), which regulates brain function by converting brain activity into perceptible information and providing feedback, has attracted considerable attention in recent years for its potential as a novel complementary treatment for many neurological disorders. However, no research has attempted to artificially reorganize memory functions by applying NF before resective surgery to preserve memory functions. Thus, this study aimed (1) to construct a memory NF system that used intracranial electrodes to feedback neural activity on the language-dominant side of the MTL during memory encoding and (2) to verify whether neural activity and memory function in the MTL change with NF training. Two intractable epilepsy patients with implanted intracranial electrodes underwent at least five sessions of memory NF training to increase the theta power in the MTL. There was an increase in theta power and a decrease in fast beta and gamma powers in one of the patients in the late stage of memory NF sessions. NF signals were not correlated with memory function. Despite its limitations as a pilot study, to our best knowledge, this study is the first to report that intracranial NF may modulate neural activity in the MTL, which is involved in memory encoding. The findings provide important insights into the future development of NF systems for the artificial reorganization of memory functions.
An empirical study of vulnerabilities in edge frameworks to support security testing improvement
Authors: Malik Jahanzaib , Pastore Fabrizio
Published: July 2023

Edge computing is a distributed computing paradigm aiming at ensuring low latency in modern data intensive applications (e.g., video streaming and IoT). It consists of deploying computation and storage nodes close to the end-users. Unfortunately, being distributed and close to end-users, Edge systems have a wider attack surface (e.g., they may be physically reachable) and are more complex to update than other types of systems (e.g., Cloud systems) thus requiring thorough security testing activities, possibly tailored to be cost-effective. To support the development of effective and automated Edge security testing solutions, we conducted an empirical study of vulnerabilities affecting Edge frameworks. The study is driven by eight research questions that aim to determine what test triggers, test harnesses, test oracles, and input types should be considered when defining new security testing approaches dedicated to Edge systems. preconditions and inputs leading to a successful exploit, the security properties being violated, the most frequent vulnerability types, the software behaviours and developer mistakes associated to these vulnerabilities, and the severity of Edge vulnerabilities. We have inspected 147 vulnerabilities of four popular Edge frameworks. Our findings indicate that vulnerabilities slip through the testing process because of the complexity of the Edge features. Indeed, they can’t be exhaustively tested in-house because of the large number of combinations of inputs, outputs, and interfaces to be tested. Since we observed that most of the vulnerabilities do not affect the system integrity and, further, only one action (e.g., requesting a URL) is sufficient to exploit a vulnerability
Visual Low-Code Language for Orchestrating Large-Scale Distributed Computing
Authors: Rybiński Kamil , Śmiałek Michał , Sostaks Agris , Marek Krzysztof , Roszczyk Radosław , Wdowiak Marek
Published: July 2023

Distributed, large-scale computing is typically performed using textual general-purpose programming languages. This requires significant programming skills associated with the parallelisation and distribution of computations. In this paper, we present a visual (graphical) programming language called the Computation Application Language (CAL) to raise abstraction in distributed computing. CAL programs define computation workflows by visualising data flowing between computation units. The goal is to reduce the amount of traditional code needed and thus facilitate development even by non-professional programmers. The language follows the low-code paradigm, i.e. its implementation (the editor and the runtime system) is available online. We formalise the language by defining its syntax using a metamodel and specifying its semantics using a two-step approach. We define a translation of CAL into an intermediate language which is then defined using an operational approach. This formalisation was used to develop a programming and execution environment. The environment orchestrates computations by interpreting the intermediate language and managing the instantiation of computation modules using data tokens. We also present an explanatory case-study example that shows a practical application of the language.
Dynamic changes in terpenoids metabolisms of mountain-cultivated ginseng harvested at different months and ages
Authors: Sun Jing , Fan Hang , Sun Dandan , Zhong Xinyu , Xu Liren , Hou Kangxin , Zhou Xiaohong , Fu Donglin , Shi Lingling , Liu Yujun
Published: July 2023

The quality of mountain-cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer; MCG) was closely related to the terpenoids metabolism which was significantly affected by harvest months and cultivation years. In this study, the metabolisms of terpenoids and carbohydrates in the MCG harvested at different months and cultivation years were elucidated using a transcriptomic approach. Based on the RNA-Seq analysis, 42 and 41 genes related to terpenoids metabolism were identified in the MCG of different harvest months (August, September, and October) and cultivation years (5, 10, and 15 years), respectively. In August, the biosyntheses of terpineol, valencene, germacrene, solavetivone, and brassinolide were more active, and those of valencene and brassinolide were less active than in September and October, while those of gibberellin (GA), campesterol, and strigol gradually became active from September through October in the 10 years’ MCG. Terpenoids metabolisms in MCG were repressed in October, except for the biosyntheses of neomenthol, stigmasterol, and abscisic acid. Besides, one of the reasons why MCG does not like high temperature or is not suitable for high temperature survival were explained. By comparing the difference in terpenoids metabolism in MCG harvested in September) of different cultivation years, it was found that the biosyntheses of neomenthol, germacrene, GA, and brassinolide were more active in the 5th year. In the 10th year, only the biosyntheses of terpineol, solavetivone, and campesterol were activated. Surprisingly, all these pathways associated with terpenoids metabolisms became inhibited at the 15th year. In addition, in the process of carbohydrates metabolisms, the growth environment has greater influence, whereas there is little correlation between cultivation years and carbohydrates metabolisms. These findings will deepen our understanding of the complicated but important biosynthesis and regulation of terpenoids in the plant species.
Urban Transformation and Experiences of ‘Becoming Marginal’ in Russia
Authors: Stuvøy Kirsti
Published: July 2023

Urban transformation in the post-socialist city is connected to comprehensive debates. This paper steers the reader through these, emphasising three contentions that serve to clarify the approach to two interconnected questions: How do people give meaning to urban transformation? In which ways does an analysis of societal change in a peripheral city in pre-war Russia contribute to debates on global urbanism? The paper is structured in three main parts, beginning with the review of the post-socialist city literature. The focus in this study is on experiences, bringing a more human perspective on urban transformation in combination with analysis of structural dimensions impeding on the everyday. In the second part, Togliatti is introduced as a research site and details on data collection are provided. The paper contributes empirically with a study of urban transformation in the auto-town Togliatti in the Samara region southeast of Moscow, Russia. The third part is devoted to interlocutors’ perspectives and the emergence of the narrative of ‘becoming marginal’. In conclusion, becoming marginal is a narrative that gives meaning to the historical conjuncture and the grievances people reflect on as they reason about individual life trajectories. While place-specific, these experiences link to global (urban) discussions on marginality and precarity. The paper underscores that making sense of experiences means to reflect on these in context, and in a final discussion, it reflects how much more difficult such research has become after Russia’s military attack on Ukraine on 24 February 2022.
Entanglement as a Method to Reduce Uncertainty
Authors: Aerts Diederik , Arguëlles Jonito Aerts , Beltran Lester , Geriente Suzette , Sozzo Sandro
Published: July 2023

In physics, entanglement ‘reduces’ the entropy of an entity, because the (von Neumann) entropy of, e.g., a composite bipartite entity in a pure entangled state is systematically lower than the entropy of the component sub-entities. We show here that this ‘genuinely non-classical reduction of entropy as a result of composition’ also holds whenever two concepts combine in human cognition and, more generally, it is valid in human culture. On the basis of these results, we make a ‘new hypothesis’ on the nature of entanglement, namely, the production of entanglement in the preparation of a composite entity can be seen as a ‘dynamical process of collaboration between its sub-entities to reduce uncertainty’, because the composite entity is in a pure state while its sub-entities are in a non-pure state as a result of the preparation. We identify within the nature of this entanglement a mechanism of contextual updating and illustrate the mechanism in the examples we analyse. Our hypothesis naturally explains the non-classical nature of some quantum logical connectives, as due to Bell-type correlations.
Rensets and Renaming-Based Recursion for Syntax with Bindings Extended Version
Authors: Popescu Andrei
Published: July 2023

We introduce renaming-enriched sets (rensets for short), which are algebraic structures axiomatizing fundamental properties of renaming (also known as variable-for-variable substitution) on syntax with bindings. Rensets compare favorably in some respects with the well-known foundation based on nominal sets. In particular, renaming is a more fundamental operator than the nominal swapping operator and enjoys a simpler, equationally expressed relationship with the variable-freshness predicate. Together with some natural axioms matching properties of the syntactic constructors, rensets yield a truly minimalistic characterization of $$\lambda $$
λ
-calculus terms as an abstract datatype—one involving an infinite set of unconditional equations, referring only to the most fundamental term operators: the constructors and renaming. This characterization yields a recursion principle, which (similarly to the case of nominal sets) can be improved by incorporating Barendregt’s variable convention. When interpreting syntax in semantic domains, our renaming-based recursor is easier to deploy than the nominal recursor. Our results have been validated with the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL.
Associations Between Heavy Episodic Drinking, Drinking While Gambling, and Risky Gambling
Authors: Smit Koen , Jiang Heng , Rockloff Matthew , Room Robin , MacLean Sarah , Laslett Anne-Marie
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Understanding how patterns of drinking are associated with risky gambling in Australia is needed to inform an effective approach to minimise harm. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire study reports on 2,704 subsampled participants who completed survey questions about their patterns of drinking. With logistic regressions, we examined whether frequency of heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol use while gambling were associated with risky gambling while controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results: Occasional HED and monthly HED were associated with any gambling (versus no gambling), but frequent HED was not significantly associated with gambling. The opposite pattern was found when predicting risky gambling. Occasional HED (i.e. less than monthly) was not significantly associated, but a higher frequency of HED (at least weekly) was associated with a higher likelihood of risky gambling. Drinking alcohol while gambling was associated with risky gambling, over and above HED. The combination of HED and use of alcohol while gambling appeared to significantly increase the likelihood of risky gambling. Conclusions: The association of HED and alcohol use while gambling with risky gambling highlights the importance of preventing heavy alcohol use among gamblers. The links between these forms of drinking and risky gambling further suggests that individuals who engage in both activities are specifically prone to gambling harm. Policies should therefore discourage alcohol use while gambling for example by prohibiting serving alcohol at reduced prices or to gamblers who show signs of being affected by alcohol and informing individuals of the risks associated with alcohol use while gambling.
Access to Virtual Mental Healthcare and Support for Refugee and Immigrant Groups: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hynie Michaela , Oda Anna , Calaresu Michael , Kuo Ben C. H. , Ives Nicole , Jaimes Annie , Bokore Nimo , Beukeboom Carolyn , Ahmad Farah , Arya Neil , Samuel Rachel , Farooqui Safwath , Palmer-Dyer Jenna-Louise , McKenzie Kwame
Published: July 2023

Immigrant and refugee populations face multiple barriers to accessing mental health services. This scoping review applies the (Levesque et al. in Int J Equity Health 12:18, 2013) Patient-Centred Access to Healthcare model in exploring the potential of increased access through virtual mental healthcare services VMHS for these populations by examining the affordability, availability/accommodation, and appropriateness and acceptability of virtual mental health interventions and assessments. A search in CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, EMBASE, SOCINDEX and SCOPUS following (Arksey and O’Malley in Int J Soc Res Methodol 8:19–32, 2005) guidelines found 44 papers and 41 unique interventions/assessment tools. Accessibility depended on individual (e.g., literacy), program (e.g., computer required) and contextual/social factors (e.g., housing characteristics, internet bandwidth). Participation often required financial and technical support, raising important questions about the generalizability and sustainability of VMHS’ accessibility for immigrant and refugee populations. Given limitations in current research (i.e., frequent exclusion of patients with severe mental health issues; limited examination of cultural dimensions; de facto exclusion of those without access to technology), further research appears warranted.
On Sharp Rate of Convergence for Discretization of Integrals Driven by Fractional Brownian Motions and Related Processes with Discontinuous Integrands
Authors: Azmoodeh Ehsan , Ilmonen Pauliina , Shafik Nourhan , Sottinen Tommi , Viitasaari Lauri
Published: July 2023

We consider equidistant approximations of stochastic integrals driven by Hölder continuous Gaussian processes of order $$H>\frac{1}{2}$$

H
>

1
2

with discontinuous integrands involving bounded variation functions. We give exact rate of convergence in the $$L^1$$

L
1

-distance and provide examples with different drivers. It turns out that the exact rate of convergence is proportional to $$n^{1-2H}$$

n

1
-
2
H

, which is twice as good as the best known results in the case of discontinuous integrands and corresponds to the known rate in the case of smooth integrands. The novelty of our approach is that, instead of using multiplicative estimates for the integrals involved, we apply a change of variables formula together with some facts on convex functions allowing us to compute expectations explicitly.
Children’s Literature and National Consciousness: Bruno Vincent’s Five on Brexit Island (2016) and Five Escape Brexit Island (2017), Text by Enid Blyton
Authors: Fiorato Sidia , Honeyman Susan
Published: July 2023

Children’s literature focusses on the process of identity formation of its young readers and for this reason it has always been connected with models of social behaviour. By imaginatively engaging with the proposed narratives, the child experiences society’s and the nation’s embodied practices. However, there are also instances of resistance to accepted worldviews through unconventional characters who foster a critical perspective on the issues at the centre of the narrative. The re-reading of Enid Blyton’s successful Famous Five series of the 1950s by Bruno Vincent focuses on Brexit’s narrative space to reflect upon the changes we are witnessing in our contemporary society and try to understand their sociocultural, economic, and political implications. Brexit is based on nostalgic images of Englishness, linked to an idealisation of the past as a Golden Age for Great Britain. Within this context, children’s Brexlit offers an interesting source for jurisprudential debate, creating a juridical forum for both adult and children’s audiences.
Defining nothingness: Kazimir Malevich and religious renaissance
Authors: Levina Tatiana
Published: July 2023

In the treatise “Suprematism. The World as Objectlessness or Eternal Peace” (1922), Kazimir Malevich positions himself as a “bookless philosopher” who did not consider theories of other philosophers. In fact, the treatise contains a large number of references to philosophers belonging to different traditions. A careful reading shows the extent to which Malevich’s theory is linked to the Russian religious philosophy of the early twentieth century. In my view, Nikolai Berdyaev, Sergei Bulgakov, Pavel Florensky—philosophers of “Religious Renaissance,” as well as some other intellectuals—acquaint avant-gardists with Neoplatonic conceptions of apophasis. Malevich had access to ideas of fourteenth-century theologian Meister Eckhart, and I will refer to two sources to demonstrate this, including Margarita Sabashnikova’s translation of Eckhart and works of Sergei Bulgakov. Without any reference, Malevich retells the concepts of Dionysius the Areopagite, Meister Eckhart, and Gregory Palamas. I will demonstrate parallels between the treatise on Suprematism and Meister Eckhart’s Sermons concerning the concepts of apophaticism, Platonism, and Nothingness. I will also touch on the theme of Divine Light in the theology of Palamas (fourteenth century) to show the diversity of the avant-garde’s sources of inspiration.
Executability and Connexivity in an Interpretation of Griss
Authors: Ferguson Thomas M.
Published: July 2023

Although the work of G.F.C. Griss is commonly understood as a program of negationless mathematics, close examination of Griss’s work suggests a more fundamental feature is its executability, a requirement that mental constructions are possible only if corresponding mental activity can be actively carried out. Emphasizing executability reveals that Griss’s arguments against negation leave open several types of negation—including D. Nelson’s strong negation—as compatible with Griss’s intuitionism. Reinterpreting Griss’s program as one of executable mathematics, we iteratively develop a pair of bilateral constructive logics and argue for their adequacy as accounts of the propositional basis of Griss’s work. We conclude by observing connexive features exhibited by the two bilateral logics and by investigating the difficulties connexive principles reveal for the development of executable mathematics.
Do you believe in Deep Down? On two conceptions of valuing
Authors: Jahn Marcel , Beck Lukas
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we explicate an underappreciated distinction between two conceptions of valuing. According to the first conception, which we call the surface-account, valuing something is exclusively a matter of having certain behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dispositions. In contrast, the second conception, which we call the layer-account, posits that valuing is constituted by the presence of certain representational mental states underlying those dispositions. In the first part of the paper, we introduce the distinction in proper detail and show that the accounts have different implications regarding the valuings of agents. In the second part, we situate the accounts within the extant philosophical literature. First, we relate them to the recent debate between so-called dispositionalists and representationalists about the nature of beliefs and point out that this debate can help anticipate some of the main dialectical fault lines to be expected between surface- and layer-theorists. Second, we examine the contemporary meta-ethical debate on conceptualizing valuing, indicate that scholars have largely ignored the distinction introduced here, and outline that this oversight has substantial theoretical costs: as we show, key arguments within the meta-ethical debate require thorough re-evaluation in light of the proposed distinction. The third part of the paper illustrates the theoretical leverage of the distinction for practical research by exploring its implications for behavioral welfare economics.
Improving conservation and translocation success of an endangered orchid, Caladenia xanthochila (Orchidaceae), through understanding pollination
Authors: Reiter Noushka , Wicks Mike , Pollard Gail , Brown Graham , Menz Myles , Bohman Björn
Published: July 2023

Critical for conserving endangered orchids is identifying their pollinators and their distribution. Caladenia xanthochila is an endangered orchid that has floral traits characteristic of pollination by food foraging insects. We identified the pollinator(s), mechanisms of attraction and the presence of pollinators at natural, existing and potential translocation sites. Furthermore, we quantified pollination success at translocation sites and investigated the effect of rainfall on pollination success over 19 years at a natural site. We clarify if sharing of pollinators occurs with closely related species by comparing the CO1 barcoding region of the pollinators' DNA. Caladenia xanthochila was pollinated by a single species of thynnine wasp, Phymatothynnus aff. nitidus. Caladenia xanthochila produced 27.0 µg ± 7.1 sucrose on the labellum, while pollinators vigorously copulated with glandular clubs on the sepal tips, suggestive of a mixed pollination system. Pollination success of C. xanthochila was 7.6 ± 1.5% SE at the natural site and 16.1 ± 3.6% SE across the translocation sites. Furthermore, hand pollinations demonstrated that pollination was pollen limited. Pollination success was significantly related to average rainfall during the growth phase of the orchid (P < 0.001). Potential translocation sites for C. xanthochila were limited, with four of six surveyed lacking the pollinator. We found evidence for cryptic species of Phymatothynnus, with C. xanthochila pollinators being unique amongst the orchids studied. We recommend hand pollinations at translocated and remnant wild populations to boost initial recruitment. The evidence for cryptic species of pollinators further highlights the need for accurate identification of pollinators.
Effectiveness of a Multi-component Delirium Prevention Program Implemented on General Medicine Hospital Units: an Interrupted Time Series Analysis
Authors: Versloot Judith , Minotti Simona C. , Amer Samia , Ali Amna , Ma Julia , Peters Mary-Lynn , Saab Hana , Tang Terence , Kerr Jason , Reid Robert
Published: July 2023

Background

Delirium is among the most prevalent harmful events in hospitals that is associated with an elevated risk for severe outcomes such as functional decline, falls, longer length of stay, and increased mortality.

Objective

To evaluate the impact of the implementation of a multi-component delirium program on the prevalence of delirium and the incidence of falls among patients staying on general medicine inpatient hospital units.

Design

A pre-post intervention study using retrospective chart abstraction and interrupted time series analysis.

Cohort

Patients were selected from adult patients that stayed at least 1 day on one of the five general medicine units in a large community hospital in Ontario, Canada. A total of 16 random samples of 50 patients per month for 8 consecutive months pre-intervention (October 2017 to May 2018) and 8 months post intervention (January 2019 to August 2019) were selected for a total of 800 patients. There were no exclusion criteria.

Intervention

The delirium program included multiple components: education of staff and hospital leadership, twice per day bed-side screen for delirium, non-pharmacological and pharmacological prevention, and intervention strategies and a delirium consultation team.

Measurement

Delirium prevalence was assessed using the evidence-based delirium chart abstraction method, CHART-del. Demographic data as well as fall incidence were also collected.

Result

Our evaluation showed that the implementation of a multicomponent delirium program led to a reduction in delirium prevalence and fall incidences. The reduction in both delirium and falls was the largest for patients in the ages between 72 and 83 years old and varied across inpatient units.

Conclusion

A multi-component delirium program to improve the prevention, recognition, and management of delirium reduces the prevalence of delirium and fall incidence among patients in general medicine units.
Expert and non-expert at the same time: knowledge integration processes and dynamics in interdisciplinary teamwork
Authors: Horn Annemarie , Urias Eduardo , Klein Julie T. , Hess Andi , Zweekhorst Marjolein B. M.
Published: July 2023

Contemporary sustainability issues require the integration of diverse knowledge to study and address them holistically. How interdisciplinary knowledge integration arises in teamwork is, however, poorly understood. For instance, studies often focus on either individual or team processes, rather than studying their interplay and thereby contributing to understanding knowledge integration in an integral manner. Therefore, in this study we aimed to understand how knowledge integration processes are shaped by interactions in interdisciplinary teamwork. We present insights from an ethnographic case study of interdisciplinary teamwork among eight master’s students. In this student team, we observed two dynamics that impeded knowledge integration: (1) conformative dynamic manifested as avoiding and ignoring differences, and (2) performative dynamic as avoiding and ignoring not-knowing. Based on earlier work, we expected that contributing one’s own and engaging with each other’s knowledge would ensure knowledge integration. However, the dynamics exposed that it did not only depend on whether knowledge was contributed and engaged with, but also which knowledge was exchanged and manipulated in the teamwork. We coin the concept ‘relative expertise’, which emphasizes that interdisciplinary teamwork requires that collaborators act simultaneously as expert—in relation to their own contributory expertise—and non-expert—in relation to others’ contributory expertise. The dynamics hampered acting as a relative expert, and we saw that this was shaped by an interplay of students’ individual epistemic competencies, shared assumptions about teamwork, and social context. The insights may help recognize dynamics and underlying factors that impair knowledge integration, and thereby inform targeted interventions to facilitate knowledge integration.
The revision of the product liability directive: a key piece in the artificial intelligence liability puzzle
Authors: Rodríguez de las Heras Ballell Teresa
Published: July 2023

The revision of the Product Liability Directive plays a key role in the policy strategy of resolving what might be called the artificial intelligence liability jigsaw puzzle. By accommodating the Product Liability Directive to the challenges of artificial intelligence systems, several policy quandaries have been aptly addressed and frontally solved. Two bridges have been built. First, a bridge between the Artificial Intelligence Act and the national fault-based liability rules (draft Artificial Intelligence Liability Directive), and secondly, a complementariness bridge between the Product Liability Directive and fault-based liability rules (draft Revised Product Liability Directive). The second interplay largely revolves around a generously expanded and invigorated product liability regime. These policy choices do not ensure that the jigsaw puzzle produces a fully harmonised image of liability in respect of artificial intelligence, insofar as the system of liability is still partially dependent upon national laws on fault-based liability. Nonetheless, the new measures signal in a pragmatic way a desirable and expected trend towards an increasing unification of liability regimes.
Invisible energy policy and schools: how energy issues feature in the policies and documents of a UK secondary school
Authors: Lait Joshua
Published: July 2023

There is a growing research literature focused on ‘invisible energy policy’ that explores the complex links between policies in non-energy sectors and energy demand. Invisible energy policies are those that do not include energy as a visible policy objective but still pose implications for energy demand that are largely unrecognised in non-energy organisational settings. Within this innovative area of analysis, to date, little attention has been paid to how ‘energy’ features in the discourse of non-energy contexts. This paper makes a distinctive contribution by examining how energy issues, such as energy demand, travel, and energy skills, do or do not feature in the policy and wider strategy of a non-energy policy setting. The research focuses on the content of policies and other documents in the non-energy policy context of UK secondary schooling, using a case study approach. It aimed to identify how energy surfaces and/or remains absent in different types of documentary evidence at the school. The textual analysis shows how openings for energy to surface as a concern at the school are often heavily bounded in specific policy areas, such as sustainability and education. It also foregrounds the lack of recognition in the sample for how school operations and strategy can produce demand for energy more fundamentally. It argues that these openings for energy to surface can provide points of negotiation to discuss the more fundamental energy impacts of policy. The paper concludes by reflecting on the analysis’ implications for research on ‘invisible energy policies’ and low-carbon transitions.