bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi‐objective optimization using metaheuristics: non‐standard algorithms
Authors: Talbi El‐Ghazali , Basseur Matthieu , Nebro Antonio J. , Alba Enrique
Published: April 2011

In recent years, the application of metaheuristic techniques to solve multi‐objective optimization problems has become an active research area. Solving this kind of problems involves obtaining a set of Pareto‐optimal solutions in such a way that the corresponding Pareto front fulfils the requirements of convergence to the true Pareto front and uniform diversity. Most of the studies on metaheuristics for multi‐objective optimization are focused on Evolutionary Algorithms, and some of the state‐of‐the‐art techniques belong this class of algorithms. Our goal in this paper is to study open research lines related to metaheuristics but focusing on less explored areas to provide new perspectives to those researchers interested in multi‐objective optimization. In particular, we focus on non‐evolutionary metaheuristics, hybrid multi‐objective metaheuristics, parallel multi‐objective optimization and multi‐objective optimization under uncertainty. We analyze these issues and discuss open research lines.
Neonatal Dermatophytosis: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Atanasovski Marijana , El Tal Abdel Kader , Hamzavi Fasahat , Mehregan David A.
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection in children but rare among neonates. We present a case of a 3‐week‐old infant with multiple scalp lesions for 1 week. A diagnosis of tinea capitis due to Microsporum canis was made based on clinical morphology, Wood's lamp, and biopsy with a positive PAS stain. She was effectively treated with oral griseofulvin and ketoconazole shampoo.
Arteriovenous Malformation: A Rare Manifestation of PHACE Syndrome
Authors: Brandon Kirra , Burrows Patricia , Hess Christopher , Metry Denise
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  We present two cases of PHACE syndrome (an acronym for the neurocutaneous association of posterior fossa defects, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, and eye defects) associated with arteriovenous fistulae/malformation (AVF/AVM). While cerebral arterial anomalies are a main feature of this syndrome, the diagnostic criteria do not include AVF/AVM. To our knowledge, our cases are the fifth and sixth reported cases of PHACE syndrome and AVF/AVM occurring in the same patient. Given the rarity of both PHACE syndrome and AVM, and the known relationship between cerebrovascular anomalies and segmental infantile hemangioma, we suggest that the simultaneous occurrence in these patients is related.
Ecthyma Gangrenosum and Multiple Nodules: Cutaneous Manifestations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis in a Previously Healthy Infant
Authors: YAN WEI , LI WEI , MU CHAN , WANG LIN
Published: April 2011

Abstract:  Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia is rare in healthy children. Dermatologic manifestations, such as ecthyma gangrenosum and indurated erythematous nodular lesions, as the first signs of pseudomonas infection have rarely been reported. Herein we report a previously healthy 7‐month‐old girl with ecthyma gangrenosum and multiple nodules as the manifestations of P. aeruginosa sepsis without other systemic involvement.
Customer or Complementor? Intercarrier Compensation with Two‐Sided Benefits
Authors: Hermalin Benjamin E. , Katz Michael L.
Published: April 2011

Both senders and receivers derive benefits from telecommunications messages. Hence, consumers’ sending and receiving decisions generate external effects. We explore whether intercarrier compensation (i.e., an access charge) can induce carriers to set retail prices that internalize these external effects. We find that an access charge can induce constrained‐efficient sending and receiving prices for exchanging messages across networks, taking the sum of these prices as given, but cannot induce the correct sum. We also show that the internalizing role for the access charge can imply a nonzero access charge is efficient even in highly symmetrical situations, and that the efficient access charge may be positive or negative.
Peer Performance Evaluation: Information Aggregation Approach
Authors: Kim Jin‐Hyuk
Published: April 2011

This paper studies how peer performance evaluation can elicit information on a group of workers when coworkers are competing for promotion. Although raters may have an incentive to game the system and free‐ride on others’ information, the firm can implement the optimal peer evaluation system that induces truth revelation and complements supervisory evaluation. Implications are also drawn for human resource management practices.
Merger Failures
Authors: Banal‐Estañol Albert , Seldeslachts Jo
Published: April 2011

This paper proposes an explanation as to why some mergers fail, based on the interaction between the pre‐ and post‐merger processes. We argue that failure may stem from informational asymmetries arising from the pre‐merger period, and problems of cooperation and coordination within recently merged firms. We show that a partner may optimally agree to merge and abstain from putting forth any post‐merger effort, counting on the other partner to make the necessary efforts. If both follow the same course of action, the merger goes ahead but fails. Our unique equilibrium allows us to make predictions on which mergers are more likely to fail.
Analgesic Effectiveness of Dipyrone (Metamizol) for Postoperative Pain after Herniorrhaphy: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Dose–Response Study
Authors: Chaparro Luis E. , Lezcano Wilson , Alvarez Hernan D. , Joaqui William
Published: April 2011

Background:  The efficacy of non‐narcotic analgesics is mostly supported by randomized, placebo‐controlled trials with no comparison with ordinary practice. Additionally, systematic reviews of these placebo‐controlled trials have failed to determine clinically meaningful dose–response effect.

Methods:  In this double‐blind, randomized trial, patients undergoing elective inguinal, umbilical or epigastric herniorrhaphy under general anesthesia were assigned to receive 15 mg/kg (D15 group) vs. 40 mg/kg (D40 group) of dipyrone intravenously during surgery. The primary outcome was the incidence of moderate to severe pain with movement during the recovery room phase. The secondary outcomes were morphine consumption, incidence of vomiting, and Ramsay score (sedation scale).

Results:  One hundred sixty‐two patients were enrolled and analyzed for the primary and secondary outcomes. Relative to the D15 group, the D40 group showed a lower incidence of moderate to severe pain in the first 30 minutes (61% and 40%; P value < 0.05); lower cumulative morphine consumption during the recovery period (3.85 vs. 2.55 mg, P value < 0.006) as well as a lower incidence of vomiting (15.8% vs. 2.5%, P value < 0.005). In addition, more cases of sedation were recorded in the D15 group than in the D40 group (17 vs. 10 cases). There were no serious adverse effects attributed to dipyrone in either group.

Conclusion:  This trial shows a dose–response effect of 40 mg/kg over 15 mg/kg of intravenous dipyrone based on better movement‐induced pain control, lower morphine consumption and fewer opioid‐related side effects.
Higher Incidence of Common Diagnoses in Patients with Low Back Pain in Primary Care
Authors: Bartholomeeusen Stefaan , Van Zundert Jan , Truyers Carla , Buntinx Frank , Paulus Dominique
Published: April 2011

Most studies on comorbidity in low back pain (LBP) have been conducted in specialized settings with the use of self‐reports. This study has an original design using data from family practices: the incidence of the most frequent diseases was compared in patients with and without LBP in 2004. The database includes data from 67 family physicians in 52 family practices in Flanders, Belgium. It contains data from 160,000 different patients with 1,500,000 diagnoses during the period 1994 to 2004. The incidence of the most frequent diagnoses is presented in patients with and without LBP in 2004. The diagnoses were coded according to the ICPC‐2‐classification.

In 2004, the incidence of LBP was 51.4‰ (95% CI: 49.8 to 53.1) in patients aged 18 or older. The incidence was slightly higher in women than in men: 53.0‰ (95% CI: 50.7 to 55.4) vs. 49.9‰ (95% CI: 47.7 to 52.3). The highest incidence was recorded in the age group of 50 to 54 years. The most frequent “other” diagnoses in patients with and without LBP are comparable, but some were more frequent in patients with LBP. Respiratory infections and diseases of the locomotor apparatus (neck syndrome, bursitis) are more frequent in patients with LBP.

Low back pain is one of the most frequent diagnoses in general practice. Striking is the relatively higher frequency of common self‐limiting diseases in patients with a diagnosis of LBP during the same year. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that medical demands for non‐LBP reasons in family practice have been reported in patients with LBP.
Sensitivity comparison of two Food and Drug Administration–licensed, triplex nucleic acid test automated assays for hepatitis B virus DNA detection and associated projections of United States yield
Authors: Stramer Susan L. , Krysztof David E. , Brodsky Jaye P. , Fickett Tracy A. , Reynolds Benjamin , Phikulsod Soisaange , Oota Sineeart , Lin Matthew , Saldanha John , Kleinman Steven H.
Published: April 2011

BACKGROUND: There have been no comparisons of the relative sensitivity of the two Food and Drug Administration–licensed multiplex (MPX) nucleic acid test (NAT) systems (Procleix Ultrio [Gen‐Probe], TIGRIS platform [Novartis]; and cobas TaqScreen MPX [Roche Molecular Systems], cobas s 201 platform [Roche Instrument Center]) for detecting hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected donors in minipool sizes (MP) used in the United States.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Routine blood samples from Thailand were obtained from plasma units from 129 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐negative, HBV NAT–yield donations. Blinded US testing included antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc), NAT using both manufacturers' systems (undiluted‐individual donation [ID], in singlet and diluted 1:6 and 1:16 in triplicate), quantitative antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, HBV DNA viral loads, and HBV genotyping. HBV yields in the United States were estimated using the incidence/window period (WP) model and compared to the calculated assay sensitivities.

RESULTS: Eighty samples were classified as occult HBV (anti‐HBc reactive) and 49 as WP (anti‐HBc nonreactive). For US pool sizes, MPX detected significantly more samples than Ultrio (MPX MP6 vs. Ultrio MP16; p < 0.0001 for occult and WP). Ultrio MP16 results were not statistically different from Ultrio MP6 (p = 0.68 for occult; p = 0.42 for WP). There was no difference between platforms for MP sizes used in most of the world (MPX MP6 vs. Ultrio ID; p = 0.70 for occult and p = 0.34 for WP). Viral loads were higher in WP samples. Modeled yield estimates were consistent with measured assay sensitivity on the Thai donor samples.

CONCLUSIONS: As used in the United States, MPX MP6 is more sensitive than Ultrio MP16, but the impact of this difference is mitigated by low numbers of HBV WP infections.
Holter Monitoring in the Evaluation of Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Authors: MAURIELLO DANIEL A. , JOHNSON JONATHAN N. , ACKERMAN MICHAEL J.
Published: April 2011

Background: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a potentially lethal cardiac channelopathy that affects one in 2,000 persons; causes syncope, seizures, and sudden death; and is both under‐ and overdiagnosed. LQTS diagnostic miscues have stemmed from assessment of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (Holter) results.

Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of positive Holter monitor tests and its diagnostic significance in evaluating LQTS.

Methods: We performed an institutional review board‐approved review of patients evaluated in our LQTS clinic from 2000 to 2009 who had Holter testing during their evaluation. Included patients (N = 473) were diagnosed with LQTS or dismissed as otherwise normal. Holters classified as positive had an episode of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, ≥4 couplets/day, ≥10 premature ventricular contractions/hour, or >5‐second sinus pause.

Results: Among 209 patients dismissed as normal (128 females, average age 21 ± 15 years, average QTc 424 ± 39 ms), 27 (12.9%) had a positive Holter, while among 264 patients with LQTS (149 females, average age 22 ± 16 years, average QTc 472 ± 41 ms), 30 (11.3%) had a positive Holter (P = NS). Patients with LQT3 (5/23, 21%) and genotype‐negative LQTS (5/19, 26%) had a higher rate of positive Holter testing compared to LQT1 patients (7/124, 6%, P < 0.03). Among the 473 Holters, only one (0.2%) impacted clinical decision making.

Conclusion: Routine Holter monitoring appears to be of minimal clinical utility from a diagnostic and prognostic perspective in evaluating LQTS, and may not be cost effective. Whether Holter monitoring aids in therapeutic decisions such as dosing or whether ambulatory QTc measurements, provided by some newer devices, might help in the diagnostic evaluation warrants further scrutiny. (PACE 2011; 34:1100–1104)
Illness Beliefs in Patients with Recurrent Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: McCABE PAMELA J. , BARNASON SUSAN A. , HOUFEK JULIA
Published: April 2011

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent condition associated with adverse outcomes that need to be addressed by clinicians. Functional limitations and psychological distress occur in association with AF and may be influenced by patients’ illness beliefs. Current knowledge of illness beliefs of AF patients is insufficient to guide interventions to improve clinical outcomes. Aims: To (1) describe illness beliefs in patients with recurrent symptomatic AF and (2) describe relationships among illness beliefs having implications for self‐management.

Methods: Subjects (n = 207), 56% male, 64.2 ± 12.3 years, from an arrhythmia clinic completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire‐Revised. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations.

Results: Subjects perceived AF as chronic and unpredictable with serious consequences. Subjects believed psychological factors, age, and heredity caused AF and reported that AF induced worry, anxiety, and depression. Stronger beliefs about AF as cyclic, unpredictable (r = 0.30), having psychological causes, (r = .36), and greater consequences (r = .58) were associated with more negative emotion. Subjects reporting a good understanding of AF, endorsed fewer negative emotions related to AF (r =−0.38) held stronger beliefs that AF was controllable with treatment, (r = 0.33), and appraised AF as less serious with fewer negative consequences, (r =−0. 21).

Conclusions: Relationships between AF illness beliefs and negative emotion suggest assessment of illness beliefs may identify patients at risk for psychological distress. Although relationships between higher perceived understanding of AF, higher control, lower consequence, and negative emotion suggest that interventions to promote patients’ understanding of AF may contribute to positive outcomes, further investigation is warranted. (PACE 2011; 34:810–820)
Taiwanese Nursing Students’ Perceived Knowledge and Clinical Comfort With Genetics
Authors: Hsiao Chiu‐Yueh , Van Riper Marcia , Lee Shu‐Hsing , Chen Suh‐Jen , Lin Shu‐Chin
Published: April 2011

Purpose: To examine perceived knowledge and clinical comfort with genetics among Taiwanese undergraduate nursing students. Information about the integration of genetics into the nursing curriculum was also assessed.

Design: A descriptive, cross‐sectional study.

Methods: A self‐report survey designed to assess perceived knowledge and clinical comfort with genetics was distributed to 501 Taiwanese undergraduate nursing students; 434 returned the completed survey. The survey also included questions concerning the integration of genetics in the nursing curriculum. Descriptive statistics and a one‐way analysis of variance were used for data analysis.

Findings: Perceptions of genetic knowledge differed significantly among the different levels of nursing students; juniors had the highest genetic knowledge mean scores, followed by seniors, sophomores, and freshmen. Juniors also reported receiving the greatest number of hours of genetic content in lecture. Clinical comfort with genetics did not vary significantly among the different levels of nursing students. The majority of nursing students considered lectures to be the most effective method for learning genetic information.

Conclusions: Findings reinforced evidence that perceived knowledge and clinical comfort with genetics among Taiwanese undergraduate nursing students are limited. It is imperative for practicing nurses and nursing students to promote the use of genetic information and technologies as a central science in the context of health care. More effort must be made to integrate genetic content into the Taiwanese nursing school curricula.

Clinical Relevance: With the increasing pace of the genomic revolution, nursing students are required to integrate genetic information into the art of nursing practice with the goal of promoting the health of individuals, families, and communities.
Thermomechanical Fatigue Damage Evolution in a Superalloy/Thermal Barrier System Containing a Circular Through Hole
Authors: Tanaka Makoto , Mercer Christopher , Kagawa Yutaka , Evans Anthony G.
Published: April 2011

The results of an investigation of thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) on a superalloy specimen, with an applied thermal barrier coating (TBC) and a circular through hole, are presented. Tensile loads were applied in phase with increasing temperature. Damage evolution in the form of cracks develops in the TBC adjacent to the hole. These cracks run perpendicular to the loading axis. Stress mapping of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) using luminescence spectroscopy determined an increase in compressive residual stress with increasing TMF cycling. Scanning electron microscopy examination, following cross sectioning, determined the TBC cracks to be vertical separations of the columnar yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coat. Microscopic damage mechanisms in the form of plasticity (bending of YSZ columns) and TGO cracking were observed. Imperfections in the bond coat are associated with these vertical separations. Energy‐dispersive element mapping of these imperfections indicated a composition of alumina and mixed Cr, Co, and Ni oxides.
IL‐10 production in non–small cell lung carcinoma patients is regulated by ERK, P38 and COX‐2
Authors: Patel Swati , Vetale Shamal , Teli Pradeep , Mistry Rajesh , Chiplunkar Shubhada
Published: April 2011

Immune dysfunction is hallmark of patients with non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The molecular mechanism involved in COX‐2– and PGE2‐mediated production of immunosuppressive cytokine IL‐10 is not well‐understood. Our study addresses the involvement of T cell downstream signalling intermediates, cytokines (IL‐10 and IFN‐γ) and their transcription factors (T‐bet and GATA‐3) in COX‐2–mediated regulation of lymphocyte functions in NSCLC patients. In comparison to healthy individual, a marked decrease in lymphocyte proliferation to anti‐CD3 MAb was observed in NSCLC patients by thymidine incorporation assay. Using flow cytometry, decrease in intracellular calcium release with increase in reactive oxygen species was observed in lymphocytes of NSCLC patients. These patients showed increased IL‐10 and PGE2 with reduced IFN‐γ production by ELISA. Results demonstrated defect in regulation of transcription factors T‐bet and GATA‐3 as analysed by Western blotting (WB), immunoprecipitation and EMSA. Overexpression of p‐p38, p‐ERK and COX‐2 were observed with diminished p‐JNK by WB. IL‐10/IFN‐γ levels were found to be differentially regulated via p38 and ERK mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in cooperation with COX‐2. Inhibition of these pathways using selective inhibitors lead to increased lymphocyte proliferative response to anti‐CD3 MAb and IFN‐γ production with decrease in IL‐10 production. Studies showed involvement of ERK, p38 and COX‐2 pathways in high IL‐10 production, driven by lung tumour derived PGE2. The selective COX‐2 inhibitor rofecoxib showed ability to alter the cytokine balance by affecting regulation of T‐bet and GATA‐3 transcription factors.
Marginal bone loss adjacent to conventional and immediate loaded two implants supporting a ball‐retained mandibular overdenture: a 3‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Elsyad Moustafa Abdou , Al‐Mahdy Yasmeen Fathy , Fouad Mohammed Mohammed
Published: April 2011

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare marginal bone loss and clinical outcomes of conventionally and immediately loaded two implants supporting a ball‐retained mandibular overdenture.

Materials and methods: Thirty six completely edentulous patients (22 males and 14 females) were randomly assigned into two groups. Each patient received two implants in the canine area of the mandible after a minimal flap reflection. Implants were loaded by mandibular overdentures either 3 months (conventional loading group) or the same day (immediate loading group) after implant placement. Ball attachments were used to retain all overdentures to the implants. Vertical and horizontal alveolar bone losses were evaluated in both groups 1 and 3 years after implant placement using multislice computed tomography, which allow evaluation of peri‐implant buccal and lingual alveolar bone. Plaque scores, gingival scores, probing depths and periotest values (PTVs) were evaluated at 4 months (baseline), 1 and 3 years after implant placement. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at distal, labial, mesial and lingual peri‐implant sites.

Results: After 3 years of follow‐up period, the immediate loading group recorded significant vertical bone loss at distal and labial sites than the conventional loading group and no significant differences in horizontal bone loss between groups were observed. Probing depth at distal and labial sites in the immediate loading group were higher than the conventional loading group, while plaque scores, gingival scores and PTVs showed no significant differences between the two groups. A low level of positive correlation between plaque scores, gingival scores, probing depths and vertical bone loss was noted.

Conclusion: Immediately loaded two implants supporting a ball‐retained mandibular overdenture are associated with more marginal bone resorption and increased probing depths when compared with conventionally loaded implants after 3 years. The bone resorption and probing depths at distal and labial sites are significantly higher than those at mesial and lingual sites. Clinical outcomes do not differ significantly between loading protocols.

To cite this article: Elsyad MA, Al‐Mahdy YF, Fouad MM. Marginal bone loss adjacent to conventional and immediate loaded two implants supporting a ball‐retained mandibular overdenture: a 3‐year randomized clinical trial. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 23, 2012 496‐503. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02173.x
Guided bone regeneration with autogenous block grafts applied to Le Fort I osteotomy for treatment of severely resorbed maxillae: a 4‐ to 6‐year prospective study
Authors: De Santis Daniele , Trevisiol Lorenzo , D'Agostino Antonio , Cucchi Alessandro , De Gemmis Antonio , Nocini Pier Francesco
Published: April 2011

Introduction: Edentulism causes progressive bone resorption of the maxillae, which can lead to altered maxillo‐mandibular relationships. The aim of the study was to evaluate the applicability of guided bone regeneration (GBR) to Le Fort I osteotomies with interpositional bone grafts for treatment of patients with severe maxillary atrophy.

Materials and methods: Twenty consecutive patients characterized by severely atrophic maxillae were treated from January 2003 to January 2006 in order to resolve maxillary edentulism. All patients underwent pre‐prosthetic surgery, including a Le Fort I osteotomy associated with autologous interpositional bone grafts to move the alveolar arch forward and to resolve the maxillary atrophy. Barrier membranes were also used to cover the bone grafts and the osteotomy line, favoring the healing process according to GBR principles. Maxilla advancement and alveolar crest augmentation were measured to assess the degree of reconstruction. A total of 154 implants were inserted in reconstructed maxillae 4 months after surgery and were restored with fixed full‐arch dentures after another 4 months. Surgical and prosthetic complications were recorded and previously established implant success criteria were used to assess the success of this treatment protocol.

Results: The outcome of pre‐prosthetic surgery and implant‐supported rehabilitation was prospectively evaluated every year. All Le Fort I osteotomies were successfully carried out, with a mean maxilla advancement of 4.2 cm (range: 3.1–5 cm), which appeared to be stable during the follow‐up. After a mean follow‐up of 66.4±18.4 months, only four implants failed according to the success criteria, yielding a cumulative success rate of 95.8%.

Discussion and conclusions: Le Fort I osteotomies with the use of barrier membranes to cover the interpositional bone grafts can be a predictable treatment for edentulous patients with severely resorbed maxillae. The study data suggest that this approach makes it possible to compensate for both sagittal and vertical discrepancies due to maxilla atrophy, with a minimum resorption of advanced maxillae and grafted bone. A GBR‐based protocol seems to lead to high implant success rates, although further randomized controlled studies are needed to demonstrate the usefulness and advantageousness of GBR.

To cite this article: De Santis D, Trevisiol L, D'Agostino A, Cucchi A, De Gemmis A, Nocini PF. Guided bone regeneration with autogenous block grafts applied to Le Fort I osteotomy for treatment of severely resorbed maxillae: a 4‐ to 6‐year prospective study. Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 23, 2012; 60–69. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2011.02181.x
Competition and facilitation between tree species change with stand development
Authors: Cavard Xavier , Bergeron Yves , Chen Han Y. H. , Paré David , Laganière Jérôme , Brassard Brian
Published: April 2011

Processes governing tree interspecific interactions, such as facilitation and competition, may vary in strength over time. This study tried to unveil them by performing dendrometrical analyses on black spruce Picea mariana, trembling aspen Populus tremuloides and jack pine Pinus banksiana trees from pure and mixed mature boreal forest stands in the Clay Belt of northwestern Quebec and on the tills of northwestern Ontario. We cored 1430 trees and cut 120 for stem analysis across all stand composition types, tree species and study regions. Aspen annual growth rate was initially higher when mixed with conifers, but then progressively decreased over time compared to pure aspen stands, while jack pine growth rate did not differ with black spruce presence throughout all stages of stand development. When mixed with aspen, black spruce showed a contrary response to aspen, i.e. an initial loss in growth but a positive gain later. On the richer clay soil of the Quebec Clay Belt region, however, both aspen and spruce responses in mixed stands reversed between 37 and 54 years. Overall, our results demonstrate that interspecific interactions were present and tended to change with stand development and among species. Our results also suggest that the nature of interspecific interactions may differ with soil nutrient availability.
A case of severe allergic reaction to cooked potato
Authors: Monti G , Viola S , Tarasco V , Lupica MM , Cosentino V , Castagno E
Published: April 2011

White potato is a very common ingredient in the diet of infants in Mediterranean countries, and in its cooked form, it is one of the first solid foods introduced, usually around the age of 4–6 months. Allergy to potato is uncommon, and allergic reactions to cooked potato have been reported only in children. We report a case of severe potato‐induced allergic reaction in an 8‐month‐old infant with atopic dermatitis and multiple food allergies that raises questions about differential diagnosis between anaphylaxis and food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES).

Conclusion:  Allergy to cooked potatoes could be a cause of severe although rare allergic reactions; it could be very difficult, in some cases, to make a differential diagnosis between anaphylaxis and FPIES. Moreover, the diagnosis appears to be very important for the choice of therapy and long‐term allergologic management.
Effect of cellooligosaccharide or synbiotic feeding on growth performance, fecal condition and hormone concentrations in Holstein calves
Authors: HASUNUMA Toshiya , KAWASHIMA Kenji , NAKAYAMA Hirofumi , MURAKAMI Toshiaki , KANAGAWA Hiroyuki , ISHII Takashige , AKIYAMA Kiyoshi , YASUDA Kenji , TERADA Fuminori , KUSHIBIKI Shiro
Published: April 2011

We investigated the effect of cellooligosaccharide (CE) or a combination of dextran and Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei strain JCM1134T (synbiotic; SB) feeding on growth performance, fecal condition and hormone concentrations in Holstein calves. Fifty‐two female Holstein calves were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: CE feeding group (n = 16), SB feeding group (n = 18), and control group (n = 18). Body weight at 90 days of age, as well as daily body weight gain (DG) and feed efficiency after weaning to 90 days of age were greater (P < 0.05) in the CE feeding group than in the control group. The total fecal score tended to be lower (P < 0.1) in the SB feeding group than in the control group. Plasma insulin concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the CE feeding group than in the control group at 90 days of age. Our results indicate that CE feeding improved DG and feed efficiency in calves. On the other hand, there was less effect on growth performance and fecal Escherichia coli counts in calves fed SB.
Effects of haul distance and stocking density on young suckling calves transported in Japan
Authors: UETAKE Katsuji , TANAKA Toshio , SATO Shusuke
Published: April 2011

We conducted applicability evaluation of recommendations of the European Union (EU) and the Royal Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) for suckling calves. Nineteen calves (14 Holstein aged 11–26 days and five cross‐bred aged 13–45 days) were divided into six groups. Three groups were allocated into the stocking densities of 0.25, 0.35, 0.45 m2/head and were weekly transported 50, 100, 150 km in this order. Another three groups were allocated and transported in reverse order. Observation was conducted during and after transportation. Blood sampling was performed before and after transportation. The occurrences of lying and turning round on the truck were significantly associated with stocking density (P < 0.05), but not with haul distance. Scratching was observed only in one calf. Incidence of watery feces was not associated with both factors. There were significant effects of haul distance on the concentrations of plasma cortisol and noradrenaline, and serum aspartate aminotranserase (AST) and IgM (P < 0.05). These concentrations, except cortisol, were higher after transportation at 150 km compared to the pre‐transportation value (AST and IgM P < 0.05; noradrenaline P < 0.10). Results suggest that haul distances greater than 100 km should not be recommended even for suckling calves transported in Japan.
Alleviation of body weight loss by dietary methionine is independent of insulin‐like growth factor‐I in protein‐starved young chickens
Authors: NAGAO Kenji , OKI Mai , TSUKADA Akira , KITA Kazumi
Published: April 2011

It is well known that in protein‐starved chickens, small amounts of amino acid supplement, especially methionine, reduces nitrogen excretion and thereby improves nitrogen balance. On the other hand, excess intake of methionine causes growth depression and the growth‐depressive effect of excess methionine can be alleviated by consumption of dietary glycine. Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) is one of various growth‐promoting factors relating to the efficiency of animal production and is known to be very sensitive to changes in nutritional status. In the present study, the interactive effect of glycine on nitrogen sparing effect of methionine in protein‐starved chickens was examined. In addition, the relation of IGF‐I and its specific binding protein to the nitrogen sparing effect of supplemented methionine was also investigated. Two‐days refeeding of methionine supplemented to protein‐free diet could promptly alleviate body weight loss in protein‐starved chickens, and the alleviation of body weight loss by methionine was not improved by glycine supplements. Moreover, such acute alleviation of body weight loss by dietary methionine was independent of the change in plasma IGF‐I concentration.
Mouse embryo co‐culture with autologous cumulus cells and fetal development post‐embryo transfer
Authors: OMAR FAROUK Farha Naomi , STOTT David , VLAD Marcela
Published: April 2011

This study was conducted to examine the potential for implantation and sustainable fetal development of mouse embryos cultured from the pronuclear to blastocyst stage. Pronuclear embryos from ICR mice (Harlan Sprague‐Dawley) were cultured in Sydney IVF sequential media (Cook) to the blastocyst stage in medium only or co‐cultured with autologous cumulus cells. We also experimented with co‐culture in 100 µL drops. Drop co‐culture produced blastocyst formation rates with a mean of 47.0%, which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to embryos cultured in identical culture conditions except without cumulus cells at 27.3%. Blastocysts obtained in vitro in Cook medium only and co‐cultured in Cook medium with cumulus cells were transferred to pseudopregnant females of ICR strain. The day of blastocyst transfer into surrogate females was designated as post‐transfer of blastocyst day 1 (PT 1). The implantation and fetal development was compared to embryo transfer of in vivo derived blastocysts, which served as controls. There were no statistical differences for implantation and fetal development rates for blastocysts cultured in vitro in either Cook medium only or co‐culture in Cook medium with cumulus cells compared to in vivo‐derived blastocysts. The advantage of the co‐culture system is in generating more blastocysts available for transfer.
Effects of high ambient temperature on urea‐nitrogen recycling in lactating dairy cows
Authors: OBITSU Taketo , KAMIYA Mitsuru , KAMIYA Yuko , TANAKA Masahito , SUGINO Toshihisa , TANIGUCHI Kohzo
Published: April 2011

Effects of exposure to hot environment on urea metabolism were studied in lactating Holstein cows. Four cows were fedad libituma total mixed ration and housed in a temperature‐controlled chamber at constant moderate (18°C) or high (28°C) ambient temperatures in a cross‐over design. Urea nitrogen (N) kinetics was measured by determining urea isotopomer in urine after single injection of [15N2]urea into the jugular vein. Both dry matter intake and milk yield were decreased under high ambient temperature. Intakes of total N and digestible N were decreased under high ambient temperature but urinary urea‐N excretion was increased. The ratio of urea‐N production to digestible N was increased, whereas the proportion of gut urea‐N entry to urea‐N production tended to be decreased under high ambient temperature. Neither return to the ornithine cycle, anabolic use nor fecal excretion of urea‐N recycled to the gut was affected by ambient temperature. Under high ambient temperature, renal clearance of plasma urea was not affected but the gut clearance was decreased. Increase of urea‐N production and reduction of gut urea‐N entry, in relative terms, were associated with increased urinary urea‐N excretion of lactating dairy cows in higher thermal environments.
DNA methylation analysis on satellite I region in blastocysts obtained from somatic cell cloned cattle
Authors: YAMANAKA Ken‐ichi , KANEDA Masahiro , INABA Yasushi , SAITO Koji , KUBOTA Kaiyu , SAKATANI Miki , SUGIMURA Satoshi , IMAI Kei , WATANABE Shinya , TAKAHASHI Masashi
Published: April 2011

Many observations have been made on cloned embryos and on adult clones by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), but it is still unclear whether the progeny of cloned animals is presenting normal epigenetic status. Here, in order to accumulate the information for evaluating the normality of cloned cattle, we analyzed the DNA methylation status on satellite I region in blastocysts obtained from cloned cattle. Embryos were produced by artificial insemination (AI) to non‐cloned or cloned dams using semen from non‐cloned or cloned sires. After 7 days of AI, embryos at blastocyst stage were collected by uterine flushing. The DNA methylation levels in embryos obtained by using semen and/or oocytes from cloned cattle were similar to those in in vivo embryos from non‐cloned cattle. In contrast, the DNA methylation levels in SCNT embryos were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than those in in vivo embryos from non‐cloned and cloned cattle, approximately similar to those in somatic cells used as donor cells. Thus, this study provides useful information that epigenetic status may be normal in the progeny of cloned cattle, suggesting the normality of germline cells in cloned cattle.
In vitro production of porcine embryos: current status, future perspectives and alternative applications
Authors: DANG‐NGUYEN Thanh Quang , SOMFAI Tamas , HARAGUCHI Seiki , KIKUCHI Kazuhiro , TAJIMA Atsushi , KANAI Yukio , NAGAI Takashi
Published: April 2011

The pig is considered to be a suitable source of cells and organs for xenotransplants, as well as a transgenic animal to produce specific proteins, given the biological similarities it shares with human beings. However, the in vitro embryo production system in pigs is inefficient compared with those in other mammals, such as cattle or mice. Although numerous modifications have been applied to improve the efficiency of in vitro embryo production systems in pigs, not much progress has been made to overcome the problem of polyspermy, and low developmental ability due to insufficient cytoplasmic abilities of in vitro matured oocytes and improper culture conditions for the in vitro produced embryos. Recent achievements, such as the establishment of chemically defined medium and utilization of ‘zona hardening’ technique, have gained some success. However, further research for the reduction of polyspermy and detrimental effects of the culture systems in pigs is still needed.
Do bacterial genotoxins contribute to chronic inflammation, genomic instability and tumor progression?
Authors: Guerra Lina , Guidi Riccardo , Frisan Teresa
Published: April 2011

Cytolethal distending toxin, produced by several Gram‐negative bacteria, and colibactin, secreted by several commensal and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains, are the first bacterial genotoxins to be described to date. Exposure to cytolethal distending toxin and colibactin induces DNA damage, and consequently activates the DNA damage response, resulting in cell cycle arrest of the intoxicated cells and DNA repair. Irreversible DNA damage will lead to cell death by apoptosis or to senescence. It is well established that chronic exposure to DNA damaging agents, either endogenous (reactive oxygen species) or exogenous (ionizing radiation), may cause genomic instability as a result of the alteration of genes coordinating the DNA damage response, thus favoring tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of the biology of cytolethal distending toxin and colibactin, focusing on the activation of the DNA damage response and repair pathways, and discuss the cellular responses induced in intoxicated cells, as well as how prolonged intoxication may lead to chronic inflammation, the accumulation of genomic instability, and tumor progression in both in vitro and in vivo models.
Nautilin‐63, a novel acidic glycoprotein from the shell nacre of Nautilus macromphalus
Authors: Marie Benjamin , Zanella‐Cléon Isabelle , Corneillat Marion , Becchi Michel , Alcaraz Gérard , Plasseraud Laurent , Luquet Gilles , Marin Frédéric
Published: April 2011

In molluscs, and more generally in metazoan organisms, the production of a calcified skeleton is a complex molecular process that is regulated by the secretion of an extracellular organic matrix. This matrix constitutes a cohesive and functional macromolecular assemblage, containing mainly proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides that, together, control the biomineral formation. These macromolecules interact with the extruded precursor mineral ions, mainly calcium and bicarbonate, to form complex organo‐mineral composites of well‐defined microstructures. For several reasons related to its remarkable mechanical properties and to its high value in jewelry, nacre is by far the most studied molluscan shell microstructure and constitutes a key model in biomineralization research. To understand the molecular mechanism that controls the formation of the shell nacreous layer, we have investigated the biochemistry of Nautilin‐63, one of the main nacre matrix proteins of the cephalopod Nautilus macromphalus. After purification of Nautilin‐63 by preparative electrophoresis, we demonstrate that this soluble protein is glycine‐aspartate‐rich, that it is highly glycosylated, that its sugar moieties are acidic, and that it is able to bind chitin in vitro. Interestingly, Nautilin‐63 strongly interacts with the morphology of CaCO3 crystals precipitated in vitro but, unexpectedly, it exhibits an extremely weak ability to inhibit in vitro the precipitation of CaCO3. The partial resolution of its amino acid sequence by de novo sequencing of its tryptic peptides indicates that Nautilin‐63 exhibits short collagenous‐like domains. Owing to specific polyclonal antibodies raised against the purified protein, Nautilin‐63 was immunolocalized mainly in the intertabular nacre matrix. In conclusion, Nautilin‐63 exhibits ‘hybrid’ biochemical properties that are found both in the soluble and insoluble proteins, rendering it difficult to classify according to the standard view on nacre proteins.

Database
 The protein sequences of N63 appear on the UniProt Knowledgebase under accession number P86702.
Nursing Diagnosis of Activity Intolerance: Clinical Validation in Patients With Refractory Angina
Authors: Rodrigues Clarissa Garcia , Moraes Maria Antonieta , Sauer Jaquelini Messer , Kalil Renato Abdala Karam , de Souza Emiliane Nogueira
Published: April 2011

PURPOSE.  The study aims to clinically validate the defining characteristics (DCs) of the nursing diagnosis (ND) of Activity Intolerance for patients with ischemic heart disease and refractory angina.

METHODS.  Cross‐sectional study was used, involving 22 patients with ND of Activity Intolerance. The Fehring method was used to validate the ND.

FINDINGS.  Most DCs presented reliability indexes between 0.5 and 0.79. Three DCs presented reliability indexes ≥ 0.8.

CONCLUSION.  All DCs were validated, and electrocardiographic changes indicating ischemia, verbal report of fatigue, and abnormal rate response to activity were considered as DC major.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE.  This study is relevant in daily nursing practice for guidance in establishing the care plan and describing the assistance for this group of patients.

OBJETIVO.  Validar clinicamente as características definidoras (CD) do diagnóstico de enfermagem (DE) Intolerância à Atividade em pacientes cardiopatas isquêmicos com angina refratária.

MÉTODOS.  Estudo transversal envolvendo 22 pacientes com DE Intolerância à Atividade. Método de Fehring foi utilizado para validação do DE.

RESULTADOS.  A maioria das CD apresentaram taxa de fidedignidade entre 0.5–0.79. Três CD apresentaram índices de confiabilidade ≥ 0.8.

CONCLUSÃO.  Todas as CD foram validadas, sendo que alterações eletrocardiográficas indicando isquemia, relato verbal de fadiga e resposta anormal da freqüência cardíaca à atividade foram validadas como CD maiores.

IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEM.  Este estudo é relevante na prática diária de enfermagem auxiliando no planejamento e orientação do plano de cuidados a esse grupo de pacientes.
Perimenstrual Syndrome: Nursing Diagnosis Among Taiwanese Nursing Students
Authors: Cheng Han‐Fu
Published: April 2011

PURPOSE.  To determine the frequency and distribution of various perimenstrual symptoms experienced by Taiwanese nursing students.

METHODS.  A descriptive “management of menstrual cramps survey” was utilized to collect information from 2,758 female nursing students in southern Taiwan.

FINDINGS.  Of the participants, the most frequently reported perimenstrual symptom was a combination of four symptom categories, including mood change, pain, gastrointestinal disturbance, and functional ability decline.

CONCLUSIONS.  A potentially new nursing diagnosis of perimenstrual syndrome including four symptom categories may be established.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  The results are important for the education of healthcare professionals and the public. Understanding the interaction among perimenstrual symptoms may help guide nursing professionals in women's health care.
The α-effect in rotating convection: a comparison of numerical simulations
Authors: Hughes D. W. , Proctor M. R. E. , Cattaneo F.
Published: April 2011

Numerical simulations are an important tool in furthering our understanding of turbulent dynamo action, a process that occurs in a vast range of astrophysical bodies. It is important in all computational work that comparisons are made between different codes and, if non-trivial differences arise, that these are explained. In a recent paper, Käpylä, Korpi & Brandenburg describe an attempt to reproduce some of our results and, by employing a different methodology, they arrive at very different conclusions concerning the mean electromotive force and the generation of large-scale fields. Here we describe why the simulations of Käpylä et al. are simply not suitable for a meaningful comparison, since they solve different equations, at different parameter values and with different boundary conditions. Furthermore, we describe why the ‘resetting’ method adopted by Käpylä et al. to calculate the α-effect is inappropriate, since the resulting value of a cannot be related to the evolution of any large-scale magnetic field.