bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La construction du style d’apprentissage
Authors: Chevrier Jacques , Fortin Gilles , Leblanc Raymond , Théberge Mariette
Published: September 2021

L’objectif de ce texte est de présenter une conception du style d’apprentissage plus en accord avec les connaissances issues de l’approche constructiviste de l’apprentissage. C’est à partir du discours de deux apprenants dans deux situations d’apprentissage distinctes que nous illustrons comment le concept de style d’apprentissage, constitué de préférences et de règles de fonctionnement, est lié à des croyances. Ainsi, les actions en situation d’apprentissage s’enracinent dans ces représentations de soi comme apprenant et dans ces représentations de la tâche à accomplir. La réflexion qui s’ensuit permet d’approfondir les dimensions personnelle et sociale du style d’apprentissage. Il en ressort que le style d’apprentissage n’est pas seulement une série d’opinions que l’individu entretient à son égard, mais une série d’énoncés opératifs définitoires de soi-même en situation d’apprentissage.
Le LSQ-Fa : une version française abrégée de l’instrument de mesure des styles d’apprentissage de Honey et Mumford
Authors: Chevrier Jacques , Fortin Gilles , Leblanc Raymond , Théberge Mariette
Published: September 2021

Cet article comporte deux volets : le premier a pour but de présenter la typologie des styles d’apprentissage de Honey et Mumford (1992) et les avantages de recourir auLearning Styles Questionnaire(LSQ) comme outil de mesure des styles d’apprentissage dans le cadre du modèle d’apprentissage expérientiel de Kolb (1984). Le LSQ mesure quatre styles d’apprentissage : l’actif, le réfléchi, le théoricien et le pragmatique. Il présente des coefficients de consistance interne et de stabilité supérieurs à ceux du LSI de Kolb et une validité de construit acceptable. De plus, la conception de quatre dimensions unipolaires qui sous-tend le LSQ semble plus fondée que celle des deux dimensions bipolaires du LSI. Le second volet de l’article a pour objet de présenter le LSQ-Fa, version abrégée du LSQ-F, lui-même une adaptation française du LSQ. On y trouvera les informations nécessaires pour y répondre, pour calculer les scores, établir le profil d’apprentissage et utiliser les résultats. Le questionnaire est fourni en annexe avec le matériel nécessaire pour son utilisation.
La pédagogie scolaire et les TIC : l’enseignement comme interactions, communication et pouvoirs
Authors: Tardif Maurice , Mukamurera Joséphine
Published: September 2021

Conformément à l’esprit de ce numéro thématique, les idées avancées dans ce texte, si elles prennent appui sur des études empiriques consacrées au travail des enseignants et à leur profession (Mukamurera, 1998, 1999; Lessard et Tardif, 1996; Tardif et Lessard, 1999), se situent davantage dans l’optique d’une discussion philosophique et sociologique des fondements de la communication pédagogique au regard de la place et du sens que pourraient y jouer les TIC. La discussion que nous proposons se veut une réflexion critique, une réflexion non instrumentale et non réifiante sur les rapports entre les TIC et la pédagogie en milieu scolaire. Parce qu’elle se veut critique, notre réflexion n’est pas neutre. Elle se nourrit de certains présupposés quant à la nature de la pédagogie et, plus globalement, de la communication humaine et des technologies qui lui servent de supports et de dispositifs matériels. Nous nous situons dans ce qu’on peut appeler la mouvance de la « théorie critique » (Apple, 1982; Bromley et Apple, 1998; Habermas, 1973; Wolton, 1999), dont la fonction centrale est d’éclairer les rapports de pouvoir et les logiques sociales de domination et d’exclusion, y compris au sein des projets d’apparence démocratique ou consensuelle, voire universels et ouverts à tous comme Internet peut sembler l’être aujourd’hui. Notre réflexion se développera en deux temps. Dans un premier temps, nous allons dégager brièvement les principales caractéristiques de la pédagogie scolaire en lien avec le travail des enseignants dans l’école. Nous allons nous attarder également à la communication pédagogique telle qu’elle semble s’instaurer dans le travail des enseignants en classe en interaction avec les élèves. Dans un second temps, nous nous interrogerons sur la manière dont les TIC peuvent s’enraciner dans la communication pédagogique en milieu scolaire et quels impacts elles peuvent ou pourront avoir sur les rapports entre les enseignants et les élèves et, plus largement, sur la pédagogie à l’école.
L’intervention auprès des élèves en difficulté de lecture : bilan et prospectives
Authors: Giasson Jocelyne
Published: September 2021

Cet article présente un aperçu des études francophones réalisées au Québec sur le thème des difficultés de lecture, au cours des dernières années. La première partie de l’article porte sur les principes d’intervention inspirés du socioconstructivisme. La deuxième partie présente des exemples de recherches dans trois domaines : les enfants à risque du préscolaire, les élèves qui sont en difficulté dès la première année et les élèves du primaire qui ne réussissent pas à suivre leurs pairs en lecture. Les principales constatations qui ressortent de ces études sont les suivantes : la prévention est maintenant acceptée dans le milieu scolaire; l’identification des élèves à risque ne sert plus à classer les élèves, mais à leur offrir des services; les rôles de l’enseignant et de l’orthopédagogue sont davantage envisagés sous l’angle de la collaboration. Les difficultés de lecture ont toujours préoccupé le milieu scolaire et celui de la recherche, à juste titre d’ailleurs, car la lecture est une valeur fondamentale de la société actuelle. Tout comme le domaine de l’apprentissage initial de la lecture, celui des difficultés de lecture a été marqué par différentes conceptions. Où en est-on aujourd’hui dans ce domaine? Quel portrait peut-on dresser de ce champ de recherche et d’intervention? Quelles pistes actuelles semblent les plus fructueuses? Telles sont les questions auxquelles cet article tentera d’apporter une contribution en présentant des recherches récentes réalisées dans le contexte québécois. Même si la présentation se limite aux études effectuées au Québec dans un milieu majoritairement francophone, les pistes d’intervention présentées sont, pensons-nous, susceptibles d’intérêt pour les divers milieux minoritaires francophones au Canada.
Improving the Spatial Data Quality in the Geographical Information System of the Telecom Operator
Authors: Čubrilović Dragan , Ljubojević Miloš
Published: September 2021

Spatial data about telecommunication infrastructure facilities represent the inevitable resources of each telecom operator. The precision of collected spatial data, used in the geographic information system (GIS) of telecom operators, is very important, especially when it is about urban environments. In this paper, we have presented the possibility of correcting the positions of telecommunication facilities obtained using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Factors affecting the accuracy and quality of spatial data have been analyzed and solutions for quality improvement proposed. We have shown that using permanent stations can achieve the required level of spatial position correction. A fast and efficient position correction allows updating data in GIS of telecom operators, providing correct, accurate, and timely information about telecom infrastructure.
Analysıs of Stages of Development, Current State and Prospects of the Expert Systems
Authors: Rahimova Nazila A. , Abdullayev Vugar H.
Published: September 2021

The objects of the study are stages of development and modern state. In general terms, expert systems are knowledge-based systems. This paper focuses on the components and principles of expert systems. Expert systems are also described. The components of expert systems include knowledge base, logical impact mechanism, user interface and decision-making. In addition, this article describes the capabilities of expert systems. One challenge is to identify the future prospects of expert systems. The research examined the expert system and its significance. It also focuses on generations of expert systems. The first generation of expert systems includes systems created before 1990. This article discusses SAINT, DENDRAL and HEARSAY-1. The features of this expert systems are also discussed here. First-generation expert systems are research prototypes. As a result, the foundations of artificial intelligence were developed. Mostly first-generation expert systems were used as a passive assistant expert. The second generation of expert systems refers to systems created since 1990. Features of second-generation expert systems include dynamism, interactivity, and processing of disparate knowledge. Unlike first-generation expert systems, these systems are able to test the completeness of the knowledge base, to process fuzzy knowledge. Their main difference is the ability to integrate second-generation expert systems with existing systems. At the moment, statistical and dynamic expert systems are distinguished. This article describes the current status of both types. Here are also discussed the tools of statistical and dynamic expert systems. At the end, possible prospects of expert systems are received.
The Role of Postprocessor in the Translation of Vector Graphics Understandable to the CNC Machine Controller
Authors: Pauković Boris , Marinković Dražen
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to show the post-processor role and importance in the creation of programming code which CNC machine controller can understand and proceed. Today, the use of CNC technology introduces the Industry 4.0 principles in the production, thus increasing the productivity and precision of the produced parts. It is very important to optimize all the production steps, from choosing the right CAD software for vectors drawing, defining tools and generating tool paths, creating and optimizing post-processor, to translating the tool paths in the programming code which controller of the CNC machine can understand, as well as educating the operators to be able to calibrate the machine and understand and run the CNC programming code properly. When all the abovementioned steps are correctly defined, the production can be optimized and best results are guaranteed.
Assessment of Intelligent Solutions for Improving Elevators’ Performances
Authors: Jakimovska Kristina , Stojcevska Biljana , Vasileva Anita
Published: September 2021

In the process of introduction of information as well as data capabilities the first approach is adding technology that can be used in many spheres for buildings and upgrading apparatus and utensils. However the focus of this study is on the deficiency of current elevators associated with efficiency and debugging of the errors or security systems where we concentrate on the introduction of new trends which advise that elevators should be implemented with intelligent devices. Smart elevators easily provide means to predict and prevent errors and bring the chances of an error to a minimum. Needless to say is that a range of negative effects are unavoidable when it comes to the introduction of new technology. This paper will illustrate both the advantages and the disadvantages of using intelligent devices in elevators and through an analysis of the various options using Multi- Criteria Analysis method perform ranking of the presented solutions.
The use of Geoelectrical Methods for Delineation of Lead-Zinc Mineralization: A Case Study of Eziama Village, Abia State, South- East, Nigeria
Authors: Airen O. J. , Babaiwa D. A.
Published: September 2021

2D Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Instantaneous Potential (IP) geophysical techniques were used at Eziama village in Abia state of Nigeria to investigate possible Pb-Zn mineralization. The dipole-dipole electrode configuration was employed for data acquisition and Earth Imager software was used for inversion of the acquired data. The analysis of the result of the study showed the presence of the Pb-Zn ore along traverses 1, 2 and 3 while traverses 4 and 5 appear barren. Along traverse 1, the mineralized zone falls within the fractured basement and is characterized by low resistivity (about 316 – 5623 ohm-m) and high chargeability (33.2 – 128 ns) at lateral distance of 73 – 103 m. On traverse two, the ore body was identified at lateral distance of about -18 to 53 m as delineated on the IP structure with resistivity and chargeability of the anomalous zone ranging from 4.6 – 677 ohm-m and 41.8 – 142 ns respectively at depth of about 21.4 m while on traverse three, two ore bodies labeled a, a’ and b, b’ on the ER and IP cross-sections were delineated at lateral distance of about -130 to -93 m and 78 to 98 m respectively with depth to the top of the suspected ore bodies ranging from about 7.1 m for body ‘a’ and about 14.3 m for ‘a’. Traverses four and five however showed no prospect for Pb-Zn mineralization.

The result of this investigation has once again demonstrated the usefulness of combined electrical resistivity and induced polarization techniques in solid mineral exploration.
An Economic Analysis of Paddy Cultivation in Cuddalore District
Authors: Ragunath E. , Rajesh R.
Published: September 2021

In this paper an attempt was made to analyze economics of paddy cultivation in Cuddalore district. Based on area under paddy, three blocks namely Kurinjipadi, Kumaratchi and Vridhachalam were selected. The total sample size was 120 paddy growers. The study revealed that area and production of paddy crop was declining during the period 1998-2008 while the productivity was growing positively during the same period. During 2009-2019, compound growth rate of area, production and productivity of paddy was depicting an increasing trend due to the role-played by high yielding varieties which created greater affinity towards paddy crop. The cost of production of paddy per hectare was estimated to be Rs. 56,617. The average gross income was found to be Rs. 92,077 per hectare and net income was observed to be Rs. 29,712 per hectare. Excessive usage of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers could be reduced to decrease the production cost and increase the efficiency of inputs. Adoption of System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method was suggested to increase the productivity of paddy.
Issue with the Possible Solutions for Micro-Blog Marketing
Authors: Yen Tsai-Fa(TF) , Li Runfa
Published: September 2021

New media is becoming more diverse, with more and more users using social media, such as Micro-Blog, for marketing activities. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the definition, problems and countermeasures of micro-blog marketing. This study obtained the data needed for analysis through the literature review and analyzed the data and presented the results by induction method. The results found that the problems of micro-blog marketing are mainly reflected in the sender, information content and communication, platform member interaction and platform management, other issues include human resources and technical issues, while the countermeasures of micro-blog marketing focus on management, information content, information transmission and interaction, as well as internal monitoring and external supervision. Finally, the study suggests that future researchers can try to verify ways and effects to improve the quality of fans.
Anti-Diabetic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Leaf on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats
Authors: Bot David Yakubu , Agbo Odachi Helen , Ajiji Abigail John , Ahmed Abraham Adoniyi , Ekwenpu Adaobi Ifeoma , Chundusu Daniel , Bot Yakubu Sunday , Igwe Obiageri Nancy , Ojo Ezekiel Oyekunle , Gambo Pam Pwajok , Kadiri Ezra , Agbo Judith Aladi
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a debilitating metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin or inability of insulin receptors to respond positively to circulating insulin. Prevalence of the disease is on the global increase annually with tendency to rise from 380 to over 592 million by 2035 in developing countries. Toxicity of some Orthodox drugs in use has led to searches for alternative sources for treatment and management of the disease.

Aim: This work was aimed at investigating the effect of methanolic extract of Albizia lebbeck leaf on Alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic albino rats.

Materials and Methods: Qualitative Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract was carried out in Biochemistry Division of National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. Forty female Wistar albino rats were used for the study, divided into five groups (A-E) in two replicates. Group A- negative control (non-induced, not treated) and group B- positive control (induced with Alloxan - 120mg/kg body weight (b.w), administered intra-peritoneally but not treated). Groups C- and D- induced and treated with 100 and 200mg/kg b.w extract respectively. Group E- non-induced but treated with 100mg/kg b.w of extract. Diabetes was established on day 3 after induction. Blood samples were collected through retro-orbital plexus into Fluoride oxalate bottles on days 0, 3, 5 and 9. Glucose was estimated by Glucose Oxidase method.

Results/Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes. Glucose analysis results showed dose dependence and statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in blood glucose from 3rd, 5th and 9th days post induction following treatment with Albizia lebbeck in group C- 14.5±3.5, 10.4±4.6 and 8.4±3.7; in group D- 14.0±4.7, 10.2±3.3 and 6.5±2.5; and in group E- 5.0±0.6, 3.7±0.5 and 3.5±0.5 respectively. We conclude that methanolic leaf extract of the plant Albezia lebbeck (L.) Benth, possesses anti-diabetic properties effective on both normal and Alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Nonexistence of Global Solutions to A Semilinear Wave Equation with Scale Invariant Damping
Authors: Xiao Changwang
Published: September 2021

We obtain a blowup result for solutions to a semilinear wave equation with scale-invariant dissipation. We perform a change of variables that transforms our starting equation into a Generalized Tricomi equation, then apply Kato’s lemma, we can prove a blowup result for solutions to the transformed equation under some assumptions on the initial data. In the critical case, we use the fundamental solutions of the Generalized Tricomi equation to modify Kato’s lemma to deal with it.
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Vanlalsawmi Julie , Wanjari Mayur , Alwadkar Sagar , Mendhe Deeplata
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) is a disease of the respiratory system. It is a symptomatic disease with different types of causative agent, and whose definite treatment and cure depends on the type of pathogens, nature of onset, severity of symptoms and the host factors [1]. SARI is one of the major leading cause of disease among children and person with suppressed immunity. The National Health Profile 2019 recorded 41,996,260 cases and 3,740 deaths from Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) across India in 2018. In 2017, acute respiratory infections accounted for 69% of the total cases of communicable diseases and caused 23% of such death. There were as many as 40,810,524 and 3,164 deaths from such infections. Males and females are affected equally [2].

Case Presentation: A female patient of 72 years from Bodhadi, Kinwat, Nanded was admitted to Medicine Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital on 26th March 2021 with a chief complaint of breathlessness on exertion for 4 days high grade fever for 15 days prior to the date of admission. My patient is a known case of Hypertension and Typhoid and had undergone Left Nephrectomy.
Insight Cross-talk between p53 and Toll-like Receptor
Authors: Alam Mohammad Jahoor , Bardakci Fevzi , Anjum Sadia , Mir Shumayla Rasheed , Ahmad Irfan , Faisal Mohd , Saeed Mohd
Published: September 2021

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are one of the most-studied receptors for their role in innate immunity. TLRs are reported to binds with conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS). TLRs and PAMPS interaction leads to several downstream proteins' activation, which further signaled to the various transcription factors. Moreover, these transcription factors play an important role in synthesizing proteins that control cellular immunity. Various TLR proteins have been reported in humans as well several other organisms. Studies show that apart from inducing innate immunity, TLRs have also played an important role in the induction of many proteins, and protein networks associated with initiation apoptosis and cancer prevention. P53 is one of the most important and widely studied proteins. Moreover, various experimental studies suggest that p53 has an important role as tumor suppressor. It is reported that more than 50% of cancerous growth are associated with the mutation of p53. It acts as transcription activator for several proteins that are mostly associated with glycolysis, cell cycle, cell differentiation, apoptosis and cancer. In the present review, we present an insight cross-talk between p53 and Toll-like receptor. In addition, the well-characterized role of p53 in the regulation of the immune system is studied, which would provide a new insight to the broad understanding of p53 role in human biology. Moreover, the association of the p53 and TLRs can lead to therapeutic interventions.
Hot Melt Coating: Development and Optimization of Controlled Release Formulation and Process of Oxcarbazepine
Authors: Patel Nilam , Jani Rupal
Published: September 2021

Hot-melt coating process (HMCP) is being developed to formulate lipid based oral controlled release formulation system for anti-epileptic drug Oxcarbazepine. Pellets containing Active ingredient in the core portion were prepared by extrusion spheronization process with use of appropriate filler and binder. These core pellets were then coated using hot-melt coating technology with different levels of solid lipid material and a hydrophilic component. Formulation and Process parameters were optimized to achieve targeted drug release profile and other target product profile with particular focus on HMCP. Quality by design (QbD) with DOE approach was used for designing and development of the formulation, by putting risk assessment (FMEA, Fish-bone diagram), screening (by Plackett Burman), and optimization (by CCC) studies. Appropriate ‘design space’ was proposed based on the optimization studies. The results demonstrated that the level of Low melting coating component and a hydrophilic component influenced the drug release rate from the formulation, and the rate of release could be optimized by varying the amount of these components in the formulation. Processing parameters like Temperature of the coating solution and atomization air, Atomization air pressure and Spray rate also affects the drug release rate and other parameters like coating efficiency and mean particle size. For optimized formulation, dissolution data model fitting was also carried out which adequately fits to Higuchi model suggesting that the drug release occurred predominantly by diffusion.
Comparative Analysis of Eosin-based Fluorescence Microscopy of Non-neoplastic Breast Tissue and Fibroadenoma
Authors: Shafqat Hafsa , Wasim Bushra , Siddiqui Rehan Ahmed , Shah Syed Nudrat Nawaid , Baig Faraz , Rasheed Nabila , Baloch Gulraiz Karim Rind
Published: September 2021

Background: Fibroadenoma (FA) is one of the most frequently diagnosed benign neoplasm in women. Various researches have reported increased risk of breast cancer in females with FA. It stems from the proliferation of epithelial and stromal contents of the terminal duct lobular units (TDLU`S) of breast tissue, that are the primary sites for the histopathologic assessment which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of disease. However, this method is subjective and possess interobserver variability. Therefore, new quantitative methods are required to aid in diagnosis. Hence we evaluated fluorescence light intensity and its use in histopatholgic evaluation.

Aim: The goal of this research was to compare and quantify red and green fluorescence light intensities of ductal cells and stroma of non-neoplastic breast tissue with fibroadenomatous tissue.

Method: A cross-sectional study was done in the Cell biology and histology lab of Ziauddin University. 44 slides of normal breast tissue and 44 slides of diagnosed fibroadenomatous tissue were taken from Dr Ziauddin Hospital, North Campus. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the slides were done following standard protocols. On microscopic examination, the changes in light intensities of ductal cells and stroma of normal breast tissue and fibroadenoma were quantified using dual channel fluorescence microscopy using Nikon NIS imaging software.

Results: The results demonstrated statistically significant increase (p-value <0.05) in mean red (37.22±5.9) and green (22.47±6.6)  light intensity of stroma in FA when compared with red (32.71± 6.7) and green (17.01±4.3) light intensity of normal breast tissue. Whereas, R/G ratio for normal tissue was higher (1.95±0.11) than R/G for FA (1.74±0.37) with a p value of <0.05. Similarly, for ductal cells; statistically significant (p value <0.05) increase in mean red (38.86±5.4) and green (15.54±2.51) light intensity for FA was found when compared with red (29.62±1.89) and green (12.60±1.67) intensity of normal tissue. R/G ratio for FA (2.5±0.24) was compared to be higher than normal tissue (2.36±0.3) with a p value of <0.05.

Conclusion: The study suggests that fluorescence microscopy combined with quantitative assessment fluorescence light intensities may may be a helpful tool for histomorphic evaluation of the breast tissue.
Development through Industrialization: A Literature Review of Policies and Issues in Sri Lankan Industrial Sector
Authors: Wijenayake K. V. A. H. P.
Published: September 2021

According to many real-world examples and theories, the process of industrialization has been recognized as an engine of growth. Many economies which followed the industrialization-led transition have benefitted from rapid and accelerated economic growths with the support of export promotion, high trade openness, economic liberalization, and improved business climate. The ideology has been firstly followed by the countries in the European region and showed impressive results in economic growth and development. Thus, many Asian countries have been encouraged to follow up the industrial transformation after the 1990s. As a result, Asian countries like Japan, Singapore, Korea, China, and India have shown impressive performances in economic growth and development afterward. However, in the Sri Lankan context, the industry sector has appeared in the economy nearly for a century and several important eras in industrial sector development were followed. However, it is doubtable that whether Sri Lanka has gained actual benefits through that industrial transformation or utilization of policies.

Therefore, this article mainly focuses on providing a clear outline of past industrial policies used in the Sri Lankan economy, clearly positioning the current performance of the industrial sector in Sri Lanka, and identifying the major issues in the current industry sector with the help of valid literature and secondary data. Accordingly, many previous studies have suggested that political and policy instability, lack of infrastructure, lack of credit and financial facilities, lack of labor and stagnated productivity, etc. are the key issues in the current industry sector. Several possible recommendations to overcome these issues have been through literature to curb the negative impact of those adverse components on the industry sector development like ensuring corruption-free political and social background, stabilizing macroeconomic variables, addressing skill gaps of the workforce, transparently managing tax system, etc.
Selective Hydrogenation of Stearic Acid to 1-Octadecanol Using Bimetallic Palladium-Tin Supported on Carbon Catalysts at Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Rodiansono Rodiansono , Hayati Elisa , Azzahra Atina Sabila , Astuti Maria Dewi , Mustikasari Kamilia , Husain Sadang , Sutomo Sutomo
Published: September 2021

Bimetallic palladium-tin catalysts supported on microporous carbon (denoted as Pd-Sn(x)/C, loading amount of Pd = 5 wt% and x = Pd/Sn molar ratio; c.a. 3.0; 1.5; and 1.0) showed high selectivity in the hydrogenation of stearic acid towards 1-octadecanol (stearyl alcohol) under mild reaction conditions. Pd-Sn(x)/C catalysts were synthesized via the hydrothermal method at temperature of 150 °C for 24 h, and reduced with H2 at 400 °C for 3 h. Pd-Sn(1.5)/C catalyst exhibited the highest yield of stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol) (up to 73.2%) at 100% conversion of stearic acid at temperature 240 °C, initial H2 pressure of 3.0 MPa, a reaction time of 13 h, and in 2-propanol/water solvent. The high selectivity of alcohols over Pd-Sn(1.5)/C catalyst can be attributed to the formation of bimetallic Pd-Sn alloy phases (e.g. Pd3Sn and Pd3Sn2) as obviously depicted by XRD analysis. The presence of co-promotor Sn and the formation of bimetallic may play a pivotal role in the high selectivity of 1-octadecanol. Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPLANTAÇÃO DE SISTEMA DE REÚSO DE ÁGUAS CINZAS PARA FINS NÃO POTÁVEIS EM UMA EDIFICAÇÃO DE ENSINO
Authors: Masala Akemi Yoshizane , Goulart Coelho Lineker Max
Published: September 2021

A água é a substância mais abundante na superfície da Terra. Porém, analisando o cenário atual, percebese um crescimento acelerado da população, juntamente com o desenvolvimento das cidades e indústrias, provocando um aumento da demanda de recursos hídricos. Tendo em vista esta realidade, o reúso de águas cinzas é uma das alterativas sustentáveis que contribui para o uso racional da água. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa das águas cinzas geradas nos lavatórios das instalações sanitárias do prédio 20 do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (Cefet-MG), com a intenção de elaborar um sistema de reúso. A metodologia utilizada consistiu em monitoramentos diários e ensaios de caracterização das amostras, como também uma análise econômica para implantação desse tipo de sistema. Os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa mostraram que as águas cinzas apresentam características que possibilitam o seu reúso, ainda que o volume demandado seja muito maior do que o gerado; e que investimento necessário para implantação do sistema descrito seria recuperado em 38 meses.
APLICAÇÃO DA METODOLOGIA SEMI-QUANTITATIVA DE AVALIAÇÃO DO RISCO MICROBIOLÓGICO PARA A REUTILIZAÇÃO DE ÁGUA NUM CAMPO DE GOLFE
Authors: Sampaio Vanda , Santos Ana , Lima Manuela
Published: September 2021

A água é um dos recursos mais valiosos do mundo e embora esteja em constante renovação, a água doce é limitada. Torna-se um recurso ameaçado devido às alterações climáticas e à escassez assim originada, aliado ao rápido crescimento populacional e ao seu desperdício que, por vezes, é incontrolável. Esta situação resulta em graves consequências ambientais, sociais e económicas. Nesse sentido, há a necessidade de encontrar novas alternativas de fontes de água. A reutilização de água com origem em águas residuais tratadas enquadra-se neste tipo de solução pois reduz as necessidades de captação e reforça a recuperação de nutrientes. No presente artigo, a problemática da reutilização de água é abordada com principal interesse em campos de golfe. Através da exposição dos efeitos positivos e negativos nos âmbitos social, ambiental e económico, associadas à utilização de água residual tratada, é aplicada uma metodologia semi-quantitativa de avaliação do risco microbiológico relativamente à saúde pública, num Campo de Golfe, na cidade de Amarante, Porto-Portugal. Primeiramente, recorreu-se a uma avaliação da área em estudo adotando algumas características genéricas, de modo, a obter a estimativa do risco microbiológico para os diferentes recetores e o risco global. O risco global foi de 5,42 e os riscos por recetores variaram entre 3,89 e 6,40; todos classificados como um nível do risco aceitável. Após estes resultados, foram propostas reavaliações, alterando as barreiras e o dano, com o intuito de minimizar o risco global. Dessa forma, conclui-se que o estudo apresenta uma excelente ferramenta técnica de decisão, que permite avaliar vantagens e desvantagens envolvidas às barreiras e risco estimado.
Formação de professores e professoras de educação física no Brasil e o embate de projetos no campo de conhecimento da saúde: contribuições da teoria pedagógica histórico-crítica
Authors: Santana Matheus Lima de
Published: September 2021

Trata-se de uma resenha crítica da tese de doutorado de Cássia Hack. O objeto da tese é o trato do conhecimento na formação de professores de Educação Física. O objetivo diz respeito à contribuição teórica da Psicologia Histórico Cultural, da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, e da Abordagem Crítico-Superadora no trato com o conhecimento da saúde no currículo de formação de professores, na perspectiva da superação de contradições e de uma consistente formação teórica. Assim delimita-se a questão problema: “Quais as contribuições da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica e da Abordagem Crítico-Superadora do Ensino da Educação Física para enfrentar as contradições presentes no currículo de formação de professores referentes à negação do conhecimento e ao trato com o conhecimento a partir de abordagens biologicistas, naturalistas, mecanicistas, que fragmentam corpo-mente e teoria-prática?”. Para atingir os objetivos foram desenvolvidos procedimentos gerais de pesquisa, um estudo de totalidade enquanto categoria do Método que trata o objeto em uma perspectiva histórica e sua relação material e social, procedimentos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A autora conclui, a partir dos pressupostos de referência marxista, elementos teórico-práticos, os sistemas de complexos, no trato com o conhecimento, no currículo de formação de professores de Educação Física, no marco de um curso único, de licenciatura ampliada.
Circulating tumour DNA is a promising biomarker for risk stratification of central chondrosarcoma with IDH1/2 and GNAS mutations
Authors: Lyskjær Iben , Davies Christopher , Strobl Anna‐Christina , Hindley Joanna , James Steven , Lalam Radhesh K. , Cross William , Hide Geoff , Rankin Kenneth S. , Jeys Lee , Tirabosco Roberto , Stevenson Jonathan ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, O’Donnell Paul , Cool Paul , Flanagan Adrienne M.
Published: September 2021

Chondrosarcoma (CS) is a rare tumour type and the most common primary malignant bone cancer in adults. The prognosis, currently based on tumour grade, imaging and anatomical location, is not reliable, and more objective biomarkers are required. We aimed to determine whether the level of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) in the blood of CS patients could be used to predict outcome. In this multi‐institutional study, we recruited 145 patients with cartilaginous tumours, of which 41 were excluded. ctDNA levels were assessed in 83 of the remaining 104 patients, whose tumours harboured a hotspot mutation in IDH1/2 or GNAS. ctDNA was detected pre‐operatively in 31/83 (37%) and in 12/31 (39%) patients postoperatively. We found that detection of ctDNA was more accurate than pathology for identification of high‐grade tumours and was associated with a poor prognosis; ctDNA was never associated with CS grade 1/atypical cartilaginous tumours (ACT) in the long bones, in neoplasms sited in the small bones of the hands and feet or in tumours measuring less than 80 mm. Although the results are promising, they are based on a small number of patients, and therefore, introduction of this blood test into clinical practice as a complementary assay to current standard‐of‐care protocols would allow the assay to be assessed more stringently and developed for a more personalised approach for the treatment of patients with CS.
ortho‐Allylation of 2‐Arylindazoles with Vinyl Cyclic Carbonate and Diallyl Carbonate via Manganese‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation
Authors: Kumar Ghosh Asim , Kanta Das Krishna , Hajra Alakananda
Published: September 2021

A manganese‐catalyzed directed C−H allylation of 2‐arylindazole has been developed. Both vinyl cyclic carbonate and diallyl carbonate are effectively used for ortho‐allylation via decarboxylation. The mechanism was investigated and possibly Mn(I)‐catalyzed C−H bond activation is not involved in the rate‐determining step.

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Overview of Regioselective and Stereoselective Catalytic Hydroboration of Alkynes
Authors: Rej Supriya , Das Amrita , Panda Tarun K.
Published: September 2021

Hydroboration of alkynes is of special interest to researchers since it is the most straightforward process for the synthesis of highly important vinylborane synthetic intermediate compounds. It is significant in terms of both regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, since several positional isomers are formed during the process of hydroboration. Given the importance of this class of compounds, an extensive study has been carried out regarding catalytic condition development and detailed mechanistic studies for selectively obtaining a single isomer. This review comprehensively summarizes both the regioselective and stereoselective catalytic hydroboration of alkynes. It is aimed at giving readers accurate knowledge of the catalytic systems available for the hydroboration of certain alkynes. We anticipate that this inclusive review will encourage researchers to explore more new types of catalytic systems to achieve the remarkable process of hydroboration of alkynes.

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Organic‐Inorganic Perovskite Films and Efficient Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gao Bo , Hu Jing , Tang Sheng , Xiao Xinyu , Chen Hunglin , Zuo Zhuang , Qi Qi , Peng Zongyang , Wen Jianchun , Zou Dechun
Published: September 2021

Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have been widely used in photovoltaic technologies. Despite tremendous progress in their efficiency and stability, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still facing the challenges of upscaling and stability for practical applications. As a mature film preparation technology, magnetron sputtering has been widely used to prepare metals, metallic oxides, and some semiconductor films, which has great application potential in the fabrication of PSCs. Here, a unique technology where high‐quality perovskite films are prepared via magnetron sputtering for controllable composition, solvent‐free, large‐area, and massive production, is presented. This strategy transforms the perovskite materials from powder to thin films by magnetron sputtering and post‐treatment (vapor‐assisted treatment with methanaminium iodide gas and methylamine gas treatment), which is greatly favorable to manufacture tandem solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs with perovskite films fabricated by magnetron sputtering is 6.14%. After optimization, high‐performance perovskite films with excellent electronic properties are obtained and stable PSCs with excellent reproducibility are realized, showing a PCE of up to 15.22%. The entirely novel synthetic approach opens up a new and promising way to achieve high‐throughput magnetron sputtering for large‐area production in commercial applications of planar heterojunction and tandem PSCs.
A Perspective on the Sustainability of Cathode Materials used in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Murdock Beth E. , Toghill Kathryn E. , Tapia‐Ruiz Nuria
Published: September 2021

Electric vehicles powered by lithium‐ion batteries are viewed as a vital green technology required to meet CO2 emission targets as part of a global effort to tackle climate change. Positive electrode (cathode) materials within such batteries are rich in critical metals—particularly lithium, cobalt, and nickel. The large‐scale mining of such metals, to meet increasing battery demands, poses concerns surrounding material exhaustion in addition to further environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. In particular, unethical mining practices and political instability within the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the world's largest cobalt producer) have prompted research into cobalt‐low and cobalt‐free alternatives. This review aims to provide a holistic view of lithium‐ion cathode development and inform advancements by highlighting the interdependencies across mining, material development, and end‐of‐life management. While material sustainability is reported through supply and demand projections, the potential socioenvironmental impacts of lithium‐ion battery technology represent a hugely underresearched area among the aforementioned themes. Notably, the lack of attention paid toward future implications of increased nickel use across material management and development disciplines is also discussed.
Molecular diagnosis in a cohort of 114 patients with rare skeletal dysplasias
Authors: Silveira Karina C. , Kanazawa Thatiane Y. , Silveira Cynthia , Lacarrubba‐Flores Maria D. J. , Carvalho Benilton S. , Cavalcanti Denise P.
Published: September 2021

Molecular diagnosis is important to provide accurate genetic counseling of skeletal dysplasias (SD). Although next‐generation sequencing (NGS) techniques are currently the preferred methods for analyzing these conditions, some of the published results have not shown a detection rate as high as it would be expected. The present study aimed to assess the diagnostic yield of targeted NGS combined with Sanger sequencing (SS) for low‐coverage exons of genes of interest and exome sequencing (ES) in a series of patients with rare SD and use two patients as an example of our strategy. This study used two different in‐house panels. Of 93 variants found in 88/114 (77%) patients, 57 are novel. The pathogenic variants found in the following genes: B3GALT6, PCYT1A, INPPL1, LIFR, of four patients were only detected by SS. In conclusion, the high diagnostic yield reached in the present study can be attributed to both a good selection of patients and the utilization of the SS for the insufficiently covered regions. Additionally, the two case reports—a patient with acrodysostosis related to PRKAR1A and another with ciliopathy associated with KIAA0753, add new and relevant clinical information to the current knowledge.
Investigation of Hydrophosphorylation Reaction of Pentacoordinate Hydrospirophosphorane and Electron‐Deficient Alkenes Catalyzed by Organic Phosphine
Authors: Guo Shanqi , Han Kehui , Wang Di , Guo Yanchun , Cao Shuxia , Zhao Yufen
Published: September 2021

PR3 efficiently catalyzes the addition of H‐spirophosphorane to electron‐deficient alkenes to give the spirophosphoranes with a pentacoordinate P−C bond in moderate to excellent yields. This practical procedure was conducted by using PR3 as an organocatalyst, which avoided the use of an additional base, traditional heating, and metal reagents. The investigation of the reaction mechanism showed that the zwitterion intermediate served as the base to further catalyze hydrospirophosphorane. Then the spirophosphoranide formed as a nucleophile attacked electron‐deficient alkene to give the addition products. This reaction is a first and simple hydrophosphorylation reaction of alkenes to construct pentacoordinate P−C bond under organocatalysis
High‐Performant All‐Organic Aqueous Sodium‐Ion Batteries Enabled by PTCDA Electrodes and a Hybrid Na/Mg Electrolyte
Authors: Karlsmo Martin , Bouchal Roza , Johansson Patrik
Published: September 2021

Aqueous sodium‐ion batteries (ASIBs) are aspiring candidates for low environmental impact energy storage, especially when using organic electrodes. In this respect, perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) is a promising anode active material, but it suffers from extensive dissolution in conventional aqueous electrolytes. As a remedy, we here present a novel aqueous electrolyte, which inhibits the PTCDA dissolution and enables their use as all‐organic ASIB anodes with high capacity retention and Coulombic efficiencies. Furthermore, the electrolyte is based on two, hence “hybrid”, inexpensive and non‐fluorinated Na/Mg‐salts, it displays favourable physico‐chemical properties and an electrochemical stability window >3 V without resorting to the extreme salt concentrations of water‐in‐salt electrolytes. Altogether, this paves the way for ASIBs with both relatively high energy densities, inexpensive total cell chemistries, long‐term sustainability, and improved safety.
Biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate/cellulose/calcium carbonate bioplastic composites prepared by heat‐assisted solution casting method
Authors: A. Adorna Joemer , G. Ventura Ruby Lynn , Dang Van Dien , Doong Ruey‐An , S. Ventura Jey‐R
Published: September 2021

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a sought‐after alternative biopolymer to synthetics with its high biodegradability and similar properties to available polymers. However, its high production cost narrows its market application. In this study, cheap, biocompatible, and widely available fillers such as cellulose (CL) and calcium carbonate (CC) were incorporated into PHB using a heat‐assisted solution casting method to reduce the manufacturing cost of the bioplastic while retaining its properties. Characterization tests found that both natural fillers have relatively low miscibility with PHB which may be accounted for by self‐ and co‐agglomeration of the fillers while having improved thermal stability. The Young's modulus of the bioplastic films increased with the introduction of CC, while the mechanical property slightly decreased upon the addition of CL attributing to the aggregation of fillers. Full biodegradation of all composites within 8 weeks was observed in the compost biodegradability tests; PHB 90 CC 10 biodegraded the slowest after the 50th day, while PHB 90 CL 10 fully disintegrated after the 30th day. Further improvements such as the incorporation of cheap, naturally derived crosslinkers or plasticizers can greatly improve the properties of the synthesized biocomposites.