bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Funding Management Strategies in ‘’No Fee’’ Schools in Cape Town: With Specific Reference to Selected Primary Schools.
Authors: Beyonyi Eugene Y
Published: July 2022

Purpose: South Africa has a growing literature on no-fees public schools’ policy. The vision of this policy is to ensure that all citizens have equal access to quality basic education. This study, assessed the funding-management strategies in three no-fees public primary schools within the Western Cape Education Department. The specific objective of this study was to identify and discuss the funding-management strategies of schools in resources scarce communities and its impact in providing quality education.

Methodology: The study used a qualitative research model. Data were collected through semi-structured guided questions. A total of nine participants were chosen using purposeful sampling, which is selecting participants based on their experiences and knowledge. Participants comprised three school principals’, three chairpersons of the school governing body, and three school finance heads.  Data were recorded using telephonic conversation due to the covid-19 pandemic. The conversations were recorded and later transcribed word by word, as a result, the data were analyzed by the researcher using a thematic data analysis approach. To instill trust in the research findings, the researcher combined individual interviews with information from the participants and an analysis of written documents. As such, the data from interviews and the case study were verified to see if they pointed in the same direction. Also, the researcher gave all the participants a chance to verify whether or not the facts were what they gave to the researcher as data.

Results: The study showed that schools involved in financial management realize that it is wise to manage their budgets more carefully than in the past, especially since budgets have always been tighter over the years. Thus, the topics of financial management, financial planning, reporting, recordkeeping, and control all present themselves in the same way. Funding strategies have improved transparency, accountability and collective accountability. However, there are still shortcomings in school fund management such as lack of clear strategic planning, irregular reporting and control measures. The study concluded that tuition waivers and funding management strategies in under-resourced communities affect the performance of elementary schools.

Recommendations: Aligning funding strategies with policy goals is essential to ensuring that financial resources are used effectively to guide school reform and development. School-level learning objectives need to be clearly defined and prioritized, especially in school with resource planning responsibilities.
Influence of Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Attitude towards the Integration of ICT into Teaching and Learning at the Basic School Level
Authors: Arhin David , Kwakye Kwabena , Quaynor Leonard Quayetey , Boakye Ruth Osei , Yeboah Jemima Afrah
Published: July 2022

Background: ICT has become crucial in our everyday life and for that matter teaching and learning. It is, therefore, imperative to examine its involvement in education.

Purpose: The current study sought to explore the influence of teachers' self-efficacy and attitude towards the integration of ICT into teaching and learning at the basic school level.

Method: The study was a descriptive survey with a sample size of 159 teachers representing 270 accessible population which was purposively located. Respondents responded to the questionnaire via an online survey in the quest for data collection. Data to answer research questions and test research hypotheses were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and Pearson Product Moment Correlational Coefficient.

Findings: The study revealed that most teachers have a high level of self-efficacy. The study also found that majority of the teachers have positive attitudes toward the integration of ICT in teaching and learning. However, it was revealed that there is a significant difference between male and female teachers’ attitudes towards the integration of ICT in teaching and learning. Finally, there is no significant relationship between self-efficacy and teachers’ attitudes toward the integration of ICT in teaching and learning.

Recommendation: Based on the findings, it was, therefore, included in the recommendations that to successfully incorporate ICT into teaching and learning, policymakers must offer the essential teaching and learning tools to teachers.
MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF HEALTH SERVICES AT THE LAMBU DISTRICT HEALTH SERVICE, BIMA DISTRICT
Authors: Nurbaety  , Mujiburrahman
Published: July 2022

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to determine the public's perception of enjoying health services, then this type of research is a quantitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. In determining the population and samples, the quota sampling technique was used by determining the number of respondents based on the quota sample set as many as 30 people who were taken by accident. The results of the research are that the current health service at the Lambu Health Center is basically a national task that is the responsibility of the government, both at the central, regional and sub-district levels to the village/village. In order to carry out the function of health services to the community at the sub-district level, health workers at the Lambu Health Center have done well. Furthermore, the conclusion is the public perception of health services at the community health center in the Lambu sub-district based on the answers from respondents who answered very well 30.00% then respondents who answered well 65.00% then respondents who answered quite well 5.00% and respondents who answered no good 0.00%. Related to services, of course, it has advantages and disadvantages which lie in the willingness to provide assistance to the community without being asked to be corrected, even though the weaknesses referred to are not solely based on health workers.

Keywords: management, perception, service quality, health.
The Effect Of Shared Leadershıp On School Effectıveness
Authors: ALAGÖZ Tuğba , AYDOĞAN Alper , DURMAZ Serbay , ALAGÖZ Ali
Published: July 2022

Yapılan bu çalışmada öğretmenlerin algılarına göre okul müdürlerinin paylaşılan liderlik özelliklerinin okul etkililiği üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nicel bir araştırma olup, ilişkisel tarama modeline göre yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini Niğde ilinde bulunan resmi okul öncesi, ilkokul, ortaokul ve lise kurumlarındaki görev yapan toplam 3572 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Basit tesadüfi örneklem yöntemi ile seçilen 1053 öğretmen araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplamak amacı ile araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu, Özer ve Beycioğlu (2013) tarafından geliştirilen “Paylaşılan Liderlik Ölçeği”, Yıldırım ve Ada (2018) tarafından Türkçe‟ ye uyarlanan “Algılanan Okul Etkililiği Ölçeği (SEINDEX)” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde SPSS (versiyon 25) kullanılarak korelâsyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin algılarına göre okul müdürlerinin sergiledikleri paylaşılan liderlik davranışları “çok yüksek” düzeyinde öğretmenlerin okul etkililiğine yönelik algıları ise “yüksek düzeyde” bulunmuştur. Öğretmen algılarına göre okul müdürlerinin paylaşılan liderlik özellikleri ile okul etkililiği arasında orta düzeyde ve pozitif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, öğretmen algılarına göre okul yöneticilerinin paylaşılan liderlik davranışlarının okul etkililiğinin bir yordayıcısı olduğu görülmüştür.
Handel rechnet im Gasnotfall mit Systemrelevanz
Authors: Schulz Hans-Jürgen , Tewes Werner , Shinde Sonia , Hofmann Janine , Stockburger Manfred ,   Tewes., Werner
Published: July 2022

Gas könnte knapp werden, warnt die Bundesregierung. Der deutsche Handel baut für den drohenden Notfall vor allem vor, indem er die Politik von seiner Systemrelevanz zu überzeugen versucht.
Share-Kunden halten sich zurück
Authors: Brändlein Philip
Published: July 2022

Das Startup Share rechnet damit, dass sich Käufer in Zeiten der Inflation weniger für gesellschaftlich oder ökologisch nachhaltige Produkte interessieren. Entsprechend kalkuliert das Unternehmen knapper für das Jahr.
Handel verlangt passgenaue Krisenhilfen
Authors: Queck Matthias
Published: July 2022

Angesichts sich überlagernder Krisen fordert der Handelsverband Deutschland (HDE) die Politik auf, mit gezielten Maßnahmen die massiven Kostensteigerungen für Unternehmen und Verbraucher abzufedern.
Henkels eigene Frauenbewegung
Authors: Wittenhagen Julia
Published: July 2022

In ihrer neuen Position als Global Head of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI)bei Henkel wird es Saskia Schmaus bestimmt nicht langweilig: Bis 2025 möchte Henkel Geschlechterparität erreichen und 50 Prozent der Führungspositionen mit Frauen besetzen. Bislang sind es 38 Prozent.
Starker Neustart der IFAT Munich
Authors: Andritschke Nico , Manzke Uwe
Published: July 2022

Die Weltleitmesse der Wasser-, Abwasser-, Abfall- und Rohstoffwirtschaft knüpfte nach coronabedingter Pause eindrucksvoll an den Erfolg von vor vier Jahren an. Die Messe bestätigte sich als wichtigste Plattform für Umwelttechnologien. Sie ist aber auch Spiegel für die weiterhin zu lösenden Umweltprobleme weltweit.
Rückblick: Erste Z.WAN – Zukunft. Wasser. Agil. Netzwerken.
Authors: Düwel Ulrike
Published: July 2022

Die Z.WAN war in Kombination aus Tagung und Messe rund um die Digitalisierung der Wasserwirtschaft erstmals am Start. Mit 400 Teilnehmern gelang ein voller Erfolg. Sie ist ein wichtiger Baustein zum weiteren Ausbau der digitalen Wasserwirtschaft.
Barriers to and determinants of funding sustainable development projects in developing countries : a case study of the eThekwini Municipality
Authors:   , Sangham Anilrai I.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the barriers to and the determinants of funding sustainable development through the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism at the Bisasar Road and Mariannhill landfill sites. The Clean Development Mechanism is an economic construct, arising out of the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC 2004:10), and formulated to promote social and economic welfare by transferring technology in such a manner, that it promotes sustainable development and ecological renewal. The stated goal of CDM (UNFCCC: 10) is to reduce harmful emissions and thereafter, to produce sustainable development and ecological renewal. This research utilised the case study methodology as advocated by Eisenhardt (1989:538). The study employed multiple data collection methodologies which included face-face interviews, within case analysis, triangulation, field notes and photographs. An important component of the data collection methodology was to access financial records of revenue flows for the CDM implementation process from January 2009 to December 2015. The research found that there is no conclusive evidence to suggest that the Clean Development Mechanism, as implemented at Bisasar Road and Mariannhill, reduced carbon emissions. Further, the study found that the production of clean energy produced financial losses rather than revenues for funding sustainable development. The relevance and value of this research lies in the presentation and formatting of the Systematic Sequential Analysis Model. The purpose of the Systematic Sequential Analysis Model is to introduce a series of financial, macro-economic, micro-economic, and technical sustainability filters for the implementation of the Clean Development Mechanism in developing countries.
Investigating internal service quality at Durban University of Technology Writing Centres
Authors:   , Nhari Sibongile Ruth
Published: July 2022

This research investigated internal service quality perceptions held by DUT Writing Centre tutors. This research is important because literature is indicative of the fact that internal service quality is a precursor to external service quality. The study employs a mixed method approach. An adapted SERVQUAL Battery termed by Frost and Kumar (2000) as INTSERVQUAL was used to gather the quantitative data. The qualitative data was from a secondary source which was focus group discussions and was analysed using thematic analysis. This study utilised the survey method and a census was conducted to investigate the service quality dimensions. The quantitative results were analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS 24 program. Five dimensions being reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and tangibles were measured by the instrument and a GAP analysis of the expectation and perception scores was done. It was found that the highest gap was in the tangibles dimension and the lowest gap in the reliability dimension. The research objectives were as follows: • To determine Writing Centre tutors’ expectations of internal service quality at DUT writing centres; • To evaluate Writing Centre tutors’ perceptions of internal service quality at DUT writing centres; • To identify gaps between expectations and perceptions of internal service quality at DUT writing centres; and • To identify customer service expectations and perceptual differences in relation to biographical variables in the population.
An investigation of purchasing and supply chain management practices and challenges in state enterprises : a case study of the health sector in Zimbabwe
Authors:   , Shonhe Johnson
Published: July 2022

The world over, countries are burdened with existing and emerging diseases and while that affected all nations, sub-Saharan Africa carried the heaviest portion. This filtered to Zimbabwe where a myriad of health challenges are faced. Unavailability of medicines coupled with poor inventory management of these medicines has been prevalent. Insufficient financial resources and increasing cost of healthcare costs is one of the pressing matters. It is also important to note that these challenges are occurring at a time when government is realising the crucial role of procurement in addressing health challenges. Due to the extent, depth, breadth and nature of the health challenges and their criticality in establishing sustainable and affordable health system in Zimbabwe, a case study approach has been adopted where data from questionnaires, interviews, documents and observations were corroborated and triangulated in an effort to bring to the surface deep-seated procurement matters and how they are related to the challenges provided. Thus, in terms of the research findings, it was first revealed that the procurement legislative frameworks and processes are fragmented and not in one place resulting in multiple accountabilities. It was further shown that the framework is inappropriate in a healthcare set-up where issues of speed and flexibility in addressing requirements are paramount. It was also shown that procurement planning being a critical aspect is regrettably and detrimentally missing in procurements. In addition, the selection criteria as set out in the regulations and practiced by individual state health facilities indicated over-reliance on price and that being the case, key aspects such as quality and supply-lead time are missed and yet are very necessary in terms of evaluation among other factors. In the findings, the peripheral role of procurement staff with clinicians being also at the epicentre of purchasing decisions was presented. Perhaps related to that was the inadequacy of procurement skills and competences from the procurement personnel. Last on the findings, financing and the frequency of disbursement was unmatched with hospital requirements and thus resulting in unavailability of adequate medicines and equipment.
The perceptions and experiences of students regarding weapons in schools in Umgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors:   , Mhlongo Thabani
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study explores the perception and experiences of students regarding weapons in schools, in a bid to create a peaceful and conducive learning environment. This study concentrated on four high schools in Umgungundlovu District. Students, educators and principals were asked to participate in this study on a voluntary basis. The study recognises that existing data related to weapons in South African schools is largely anecdotal. The significance of the study is that it collected data related to the weapons in schools and used data to inform recommendations on ways in which we can make schools safer places to the young people and staff. This was a mixed methods survey; however, the bulk of the findings were drawn from the quantitative data, which was conducted through surveys. The qualitative data was collected in interviews and in focus group discussions. The data revealed that a high proportion of students have seen weapons in school, which might be an indication that weapons find easy access onto school premises. The results revealed the types of weapons brought to schools. Knives were the weapons most seen at school followed by guns, while some other weapons mentioned were pepper sprays, screwdrivers, pangas and bats The study showed that in other schools, drugs, alcohol, substance abuse were reported in the sample. Among the contributing factors raised by the respondents on the reasons for the presence of weapons onto schools were the issue of drugs, alcohol, bullying, fights among students, and being involved on gang activities. Some policy recommendations regarding school security measures were proposed on the basis of the findings which were drawn from this study. As part of the study, it is recommended that the Department of Education ensure that all South African schools implement well-documented discipline policies, a code of conduct and school rules for their school which must clearly indicate seriousness of carrying a weapon in school as well as the consequences of misbehaviour. The policy must have steps to be followed by the principals and or educators where there are elements of misconduct against the students and sanctions to be issued if the student is found guilty. Other recommendations were made in line with the findings based on the results. Limitations of the study were further pointed out.
Viscosity and physical state of sucrose mixed with ammonium sulfate droplets
Authors: Jeong Rani , Lilek Joseph , Zuend Andreas , Xu Rongshuang , Chan Man Nin , Kim Dohyun , Moon Hi Gyu , Song Mijung
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Although knowledge of the physical state of aerosol particles is essential to understand atmospheric chemistry model and measurements, information
on the viscosity and physical state of aerosol particles consisting of organic and inorganic salts is still rare. Herein, we quantified viscosities
at 293 ± 1 K upon dehydration for the binary systems, sucrose–H2O and ammonium sulfate (AS)–H2O, and the
ternary systems, sucrose–AS–H2O for organic-to-inorganic dry mass ratios (OIRs) = 4:1, 1:1, and 1:4 using bead-mobility and
poke-and-flow techniques. Based on the viscosity value of the aerosol particles, we defined the physical states of the total aerosol particles
studied in this work. For binary systems, the viscosity of sucrose–H2O particles gradually increased from ∼ 4 × 10−1
to > ∼ 1 × 108 Pa s when the relative humidity (RH) decreased from ∼ 81 % to ∼ 24 %, ranging from
liquid to semisolid or solid state, which agrees with previous studies. The viscosity of AS–H2O particles remained in the liquid
state (< 102 Pa s) for RH > ∼ 50 %, while for RH ≤∼ 50 %, the particles showed a viscosity
of > ∼ 1 × 1012 Pa s, corresponding to a solid state. In case of the ternary systems, the viscosity of organic-rich
particles (OIR = 4:1) gradually increased from ∼ 1 × 10−1 to ∼ 1 × 108 Pa s for a RH decrease
from ∼ 81 % to ∼ 18 %, similar to the binary sucrose–H2O particles. This indicates that the
sucrose–AS–H2O particles range from liquid to semisolid or solid across the RH. In the ternary particles for OIR = 1:1, the
viscosities ranged from less than ∼ 1 × 102 for RH > 34 % to > ∼ 1 × 108 Pa s at
∼ 27 % RH. The viscosities correspond to liquid for RH > ∼ 34 %, semisolid for
∼ 34 % < RH < ∼ 27 %, and semisolid or solid for RH < ∼ 27 %. Compared to the organic-rich particles, in
the inorganic-rich particles (OIR = 1:4), drastic enhancement in viscosity was observed as RH decreased; the viscosity increased by
approximately 8 orders of magnitude during a decrease in RH from 43 % to 25 %, resulting in liquid to semisolid or solid in the RH
range. Overall, all particles studied in this work were observed to exist as a liquid, semisolid, or solid depending on the RH. Furthermore, we
compared the measured viscosities of ternary systems with OIRs of 4:1, 1:1, and 1:4 to the predicted viscosities using the Aerosol
Inorganic–Organic Mixtures Functional groups Activity Coefficients Viscosity model (AIOMFAC-VISC) predictions with the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson
(ZSR) organic–inorganic mixing model, with excellent model–measurement agreement for all OIRs.
Contrail formation within cirrus: ICON-LEM simulations of the impact of cirrus cloud properties on contrail formation
Authors: Verma Pooja , Burkhardt Ulrike
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Contrail formation within natural cirrus introduces large
perturbations in cirrus ice crystal number concentrations, leading to
modifications in cirrus microphysical and optical properties. The number of
contrail ice crystals formed in an aircraft plume depends on the atmospheric
state as well as aircraft and fuel properties. Our aim is to study contrail
formation within cirrus and, in particular, the impact of pre-existing
cirrus on the contrail formation processes. We implement a parameterization
for contrail ice nucleation and the survival of contrail ice crystals within
the vortex phase within the high-resolution ICON-LEM at a horizontal
resolution of 625 m over Germany and modify the parameterizations in order to
consider the impact of the pre-existing cirrus. We then simulate contrail
formation and analyze the change in ice nucleation and survival due to the
presence of cirrus ice crystals. We have selected two different synoptic situations to sample a large range of
cirrus cloud properties from those representative of average thick in situ formed
cirrus and liquid origin cirrus that are connected to a frontal system
down to very thin cirrus within a high-pressure system. We find that
contrail formation within cirrus mostly leads to increases in cirrus ice
crystal numbers by a few orders of magnitude. Pre-existing cirrus has a
discernible impact on the contrail formation threshold temperature and on
contrail ice crystal number concentrations only if the cirrus ice water
content is high and ice supersaturation is low. The cirrus ice crystals
sucked into and subsequently sublimated within the aircraft's engine and the
ice crystals mixed into the aircraft plume experiencing sublimation and
later deposition lead to an increase in the contrail
formation threshold temperature most of the time. Often this increase is negligible, but in
the above atmospheric conditions the increase in the contrail formation
threshold can be large, reaching maximum values of 2 K. Consequently,
significant increases in ice nucleation are very seldom, but in areas of high
cirrus ice water content and ice crystal number concentrations, contrail ice
nucleation rates can be significantly increased, in particular at lower
flight levels. Cirrus ice crystals can also lead to a reduction in ice
nucleation, but negative changes are significantly smaller and less common.
After nucleation cirrus and contrail ice crystals compete for water vapor,
while the combined contrail and cirrus ice water mass grows. Once the
aircraft plume gets trapped within the wake vortices and descends the plume
relative humidity decreases so that eventually both cirrus and contrail ice
crystals sublimate. We find that the impact of cirrus ice crystals on the
contrail ice crystal loss within the descending vortices is negligible. Only
for nucleation rates several orders of magnitude lower than the soot number
emission index can the impact be noticeable, but the relevance of this impact
is limited.
Electrochemical sensors onboard a Zeppelin NT: In-flight evaluation of low-cost trace gas measurements
Authors: Schuldt Tobias , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Wesolek Christian , Rohrer Franz , Winter Benjamin , Kuhlbusch Thomas A. J. , Kiendler-Scharr Astrid , Tillmann Ralf
Published: July 2022

Abstract. In this work we used a Zeppelin NT equipped with six sensor setups, each composed of four different low-cost electrochemical sensors (ECS) to measure nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), carbon monoxide, and Ox (NO2 + O3) in Germany. Additionally, a MIRO MGA laser absorption spectrometer was installed as a reference device for in-flight evaluation of the ECS. We report the influence of temperature on the NO and NO2 sensor outputs, but also find a shorter time scale (1 s) dependence of the sensors on the relative humidity gradient. To account for these dependencies, we developed a correction method that is independent of the reference instrument. After applying this correction to all individual sensors, we compare the sensor setups with each other and to the reference device. For the intercomparison of all six setups we find good agreements with R2 ≥ 0.8, but different precisions for each sensor in the range of 1.45 to 6.32 ppb. The comparison to the reference device results in an R2 of 0.88 and a slope of 0.92 for NOx (NO + NO2). Furthermore, the average noise (1 σ) of the NO and NO2 sensors reduces significantly from 6.25 ppb and 7.1 ppb to 1.95 ppb and 3.32 ppb, respectively. Finally, we highlight the potential use of ECS in airborne applications, by identifying different pollution sources related to industrial and traffic emissions during multiple commercial and targeted Zeppelin flights in spring 2020. These results are a first milestone towards the quality-assured use of low-cost sensors in airborne settings without a reference device, e.g., on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
What determines peat swamp vegetation type in the Central Congo Basin?
Authors: Georgiou Selena , Mitchard Edward T. A. , Crezee Bart , Palmer Paul I. , Dargie Greta C. , Sjögersten Sofie , Ewango Corneille E. N. , Emba Ovide B. , Kanyama Joseph T. , Bola Pierre , Ndjango Jean-Bosco N. , Girkin Nicholas T. , Bocko Yannick E. , Ifo Suspense A. , Lewis Simon L.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The Central Congo Basin is home to the largest peat swamp in the tropics. Two major vegetation types overlay the peat: hardwood trees, and palms (mostly the trunkless Raphia laurentii variety), with each dominant in different locations. The cause of the location of these differently composed swamp areas is not understood. We investigated their distribution using a recent vegetation classification across the 165,600 km2 region. Using a regression model we assessed the impacts of elevation, seasonal rainfall and temperature on the presence of each peat vegetation type. We used monthly 0.05° resolution CHIRPS rainfall climatology (CHPclim) and maximum temperature (CHIRTS) data together with 90 m resolution terrain data (MERIT Hydro). Our model was successful in predicting the percentage palm swamp composition when tested using data held back for verification, with R2 ~ 0.79, RMSE = 14.8 %, and p < 0.05 for the largely rain-fed hydrological sub-basins. However, it did not perform well in areas where peatland inundation is controlled by river flooding. We found that palm swamp composition varies primarily with elevation and dry season climatological variables (rainfall and temperature), with additional, significant contributions from the total wet season rainfall and temperature. There are indications of an optimal range of net water availability (the difference between rainfall and actual evapotranspiration, accounting for run-off) for palm swamp dominance, above and below which hardwood swamp dominates. In this study we progress our understanding of the determinants of peat swamp vegetation type in the central Congo Basin. Improved understanding will contribute to assessing how changes in environmental factors, including land-use and climate change impacts, could impact swamp type distribution and carbon fluxes in the future.
Long-term water clarity patterns of lakes across China using Landsat series imagery from 1985 to 2020
Authors: Chen Xidong , Liu Liangyun , Zhang Xiao , Li Junsheng , Wang Shenglei , Gao Yuan , Mi Jun
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Monitoring the water clarity of lakes is essential for the sustainable development of human society. However, existing water clarity assessments in China have mostly focused on lakes with areas > 1 km2, and the monitoring periods were mainly in the 21st century. In order to improve
the understanding of spatiotemporal variations in lake clarity across China, based on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, a 30 m
long-term LAke Water Secchi depth (SD) dataset (LAWSD30) of China (1985–2020) was first developed using Landsat series imagery and a robust
water-color parameter-based SD model. The LAWSD30 dataset exhibited a good performance compared to concurrent in situ SD datasets, with an R2 of 0.86 and a root mean square error of 0.225 m. Then, based on our LAWSD30 dataset, long-term spatiotemporal variations in SD for lakes > 0.01 km2 (N = 40 973) across China were evaluated. The results show that the SD of lakes with areas ≤ 1 km2 exhibited a significant downward trend in the period of 1985–2020, but the decline rate began to slow down and stabilized after 2001. In addition, the SD of lakes with an area > 1 km2 showed a significant downward trend before 2001, and began to increase significantly afterwards. Moreover, in terms of the spatial patterns, the proportion of small lakes (area ≤ 1 km2) showing a decreasing SD trend was the largest in the Mongolian–Xinjiang Plateau Region (MXR) (about 30.0 %), and the smallest in the Eastern Plain Region (EPR) (2.6 %). In contrast, for lakes > 1 km2, this proportion was the highest in MXR (about 23.0 %), and the lowest in the Northeast Mountain Plain Region (NER) (16.1 %). The LAWSD30 dataset and the spatiotemporal patterns of lake water clarity in our research can provide effective guidance for the protection and management of lake environment in China.
A IMPOSIÇÃO DA MATERNIDADE E O FRACASSO FEMININO NA NIGÉRIA MODERNA EM "FIQUE COMIGO", (2017), DE AYÒBÁMI ADÉBÁYÒ
Authors: Santos Danielle Fabrício dos , Elis Regina Fernandes Alves
Published: July 2022

Analisou-se a obra Fique Comigo, de Ayòbámi Adébáyò, publicada em 2017, focando na obrigatoriedade da maternidade em sociedades patriarcais da Nigéria e a forma como esta se reflete em sucesso ou fracasso das mulheres. Evidenciou-se a representação simbólica do fracasso na protagonista, cuja narrativa revolvendo os empecilhos aparentes em sua vida rumo à maternidade se dá durante a maioria do romance. Voltada ao movimento feminista e seu trajeto histórico, esta análise utilizou aportes teóricos de: Simone de Beauvoir (2019); Michelle Perrot (2019), Heleieth Saffioti (2015), dentre outros. Quanto ao feminismo negro, foram utilizadas obras das teóricas Angela Davis (2016); Djamila Ribeiro (2018); Bell Hooks (2019); dentre outras. Em relação ao feminismo como movimento literário, encontram-se as obras das estudiosas Virginia Woolf (2019) e Elaine Showalter (2014). A análise revelou que a personagem Yejide sofreu grande pressão para engravidar, e somente pela maternidade seu valor foi determinado pela sociedade patriarcal. Consequentemente, projetou suas expectativas de felicidade na maternidade, modelo de sucesso nigeriano, provando a necessidade de discussões com foco no feminismo negro na sociedade patriarcal.
“I LOVE MATH ONLY IF IT'S CODING”: A CASE STUDY OF STUDENT EXPERIENCES IN AN INTRODUCTION TO DATA SCIENCE COURSE
Authors: HEINZMAN ERICA
Published: July 2022

Many important voices--including The National Council for Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM), the Dana Center’s Launch Years initiative, and others--advocate for expanding the traditional course offerings in high school mathematics and statistics to include courses such as the Introduction to Data Science (IDS). To date, the research on the IDS course has primarily focused on pedagogy, professional learning for teachers, and the curriculum. This mixed-methods case study expands our understanding by analyzing the perspective of IDS students at a California public high school. Self-determination theory provides a useful frame for interpreting how these students experience the IDS course. The theory focuses on conditions for students to engage in meaningful learning: competence (self-efficacy), autonomy (agency), and relatedness (a sense of belonging). The findings from this case study suggest the IDS students feel confident, empowered, and part of a vibrant community, unlike previous mathematics and statistics courses they may have completed; and use specific language to describe their joy in problem-solving and the accessibility of the course. These findings have implications for the development and refinement of any high school data science course, including IDS.
SYNCHRONOUS AND METACHRONOUS TUMORS OF THE BILIARY TREE.
Authors:   Department of general, Gastro-intestinal and HPB surgery, Rajekar Harshal
Published: July 2022

Biliary tract cancers arise in the biliary tract epithelium and include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, perihilar cholangiocarcinoma, distal extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder cancer. These sites are anatomically contiguous and may appear related, but they are heterogeneous with distinct genetic and molecular signatures. Cholangiocarcinoma is the malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the biliary tract, first histologically described by Durand-Fardel in 1840. Classification as originating from the intra- and extrahepatic biliary epithelium1 is a common way of classifying these tumors as prognosis and behavior are different in both types. Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are further separated like the Bismuth classification; into upper-third or perihilar (including the confluence of the right and left biliary ducts) tumors; middle-third tumors; and distal bile duct tumors. Performance of a marginnegative resection with regional lymphadenectomy remains the cornerstone of successful treatment of cholangipcarcinoma.
Gambaran Pola Asuh Orang Tua yang Bekerja Pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Desa Selebung Kecamatan Keruak Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Hidayati Baiq Nurul , Safitri Rias Pratiwi , Romadonika Fitri , Rusiana Harlina Putri
Published: July 2022

Di masa pandemi COVID-19, orang tua dituntut untuk lebih banyak menghabiskan waktu menemani belajar anaknya, ikut mengerjakan tugas sekolah anaknya, tetapi juga harus tetap berkarir atau bekerja. Pola asuh merupakan cara terbaik yang dapat dilakukan orang tua dalam mendidik anak sebagai perwujudan rasa tanggung jawab kepada anak. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pola asuh orang tua adalah: usia, pendidikan dan tingkat sosial ekonomi atau pekerjaan orang tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pola asuh orang tua bekerja pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di Desa Selebung Kecamatan Keruak Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi adalah 2.776 orang tua bekerja dan 97 orang digunakan sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola asuh yang diterapkan oleh responden adalah pola asuh demokratis sebanyak 62 orang (63,9%), otoriter 13 orang (13,4%) dan permisif 22 orang (22,7%). Diharapkan orang tua dapat meluangkan waktu bersama anaknya, dapat membangun komunikasi dengan anak dan orang tua dapat memberikan penjelasan terkait covid-19 dan bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengkaji faktor-faktor lain terkait pola asuh orang tua selama masa pandemi COVID-19.
Systematic Review Pemilihan Obat Asam Urat untuk Peradangan pada Persendian
Authors: Nur Mohammad Usman
Published: July 2022

Systematic review adalah suatu metode penelitian sistematis untuk mengidentifikasi, menilai dan interpretasi dari literatur yang relevan dengan topik tertentu. Tujuan penelitian menggunakan metode systematic review ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pemilihan obat yang tepat pada penyakit asam urat yang mengalami peradangan sendi. (1) Latar Belakang : Asam urat adalah suatu penyakit peradangan pada sendi yang disebabkan oleh pengendapan serum urat yang diubah menjadi kristal monosodium urat (MSU) di dalam maupun di sekitar sendi. Kristal ini menyebabkan terjadinya radang sendi yang ditandai dengan munculnya pembengkakan sendi, kemerahan, nyeri, panas, dan kaku pada persendian yang biasanya terjadi pada sendi metatarsophalangeal (2) Metode : Metode yang digunakan systematic review menggunakan studi RCT (Randomized Control Trial). Basis data elektronik menggunakan PUBMED untuk artikel yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2012 dan 2022. Pengumpulan data didasarkan pada kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. (3) Hasil : Terapi lini pertama; semua NSAID sama-sama efektif; efek samping termasuk pendarahan lambung dan cedera ginjal (Indometasin 50 mg tiga kali sehari, alopurinol dosis awal yang rendah ≤100 mg/hari atau febuxostat (<40 mg/hari)). Lini kedua colchicine 1.0 mg sebagai dosis awal, diikuti oleh 0,5 mg 1 jam kemudian, dan kemudian diikuti, sebagai diperlukan, setelah 12 jam, dengan kolkisin lanjutan (sampai 0,5 mg 3 kali sehari) sampai serangan akut sembuh. Tidak ada sifat analgesik; efek samping gastrointestinal yang umum; hindari penggunaan pada pasien dengan insufisiensi ginjal dan hati; kontraindikasi pada pasien yang menerima klaritromisin. Kortikosteroid rute oral, intramuskular, atau intra-artikular, dosis variabel (misalnya, prednison, 40 mg selama empat hari, kemudian 20 mg selama empat hari, kemudian 10 mg selama empat hari). (4) Kesimpulan : Terapi lini pertama adalah alopurinol dosis awal yang rendah ≤100 mg/hari atau febuxostat (<40 mg/hari). Lini kedua colchicine 1.0 mg sebagai dosis awal, diikuti oleh 0,5 mg 1 jam kemudian. Lini terakhir kortikosteroid rute oral seperti prednison 40 mg.
Hubungan Sanitasi Lingkungan Kolam Renang dengan Keberadaan Bakteri Escherichia Coli di Kolam Renang Kota Gorontalo
Authors: Hiola Tumartony Thaib , Mohamad Alvira Anggariana , Warow Novalia
Published: July 2022

Kolam renang selain sebagai sarana olahraga, merupakan salah satu fasilitas yang paling digemari oleh semua kalangan masyarakat dalam mengisi akhir pekan. Untuk itu, kolam renang harus memenuhi persyaratan baik dari segi keselamatan pengunjung maupun dari segi keamanan air yang digunakan berdasarkan parameter fisik, kimia, dan bakteriologis. (1) Latar Belakang: berdasarkan studi awal, diperoleh data bahwa beberapa kolam renang di Kota Gorontalo belum memenuhi syarat dari segi kepadatan pengunjung, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut; (2) Metode: penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Deskriptif Observatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan Cross Sectional; (3) Hasil: yang diperoleh dari 4 kolam renang di Kota Gorontalo, 4 kolam renang memenuhi standar bau, kejernihan, kepadatan perenang, frekuensi pengantian dan resirkulasi air, 2 kolam renang tidak memenuhi standar kekeruhan, sanitasi lingkungan, pH dan sisa kandungan chlor dan frekuensi bakteri E. Coli serta ke empat kolam renang diperoleh tidak menerapkan larangan pada penderita berpenyakit menular untuk tidak berenang dan tidak tersedia kolam kecil untuk desinfeksi kaki; (4) Kesimpulan: hasil analisis diperoleh nilai p = 0,001 (p-value < 0,05) sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan antara sanitasi lingkungan kolam renang dengan keberadaan bakteri Escherichia Coli di Kolam Renang Kota Gorontalo. Dari hasil analisis didapatkan nilai Odds Ratio (OR) sebesar 72,000.
Groups whose derived subgroup is not supplemented by any proper subgroup
Authors: Narain Shiv , Kumar Sunil , Mittal Gaurav , Kumar Sandeep
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce two new classes of groups that are described as weakly nilpotent and weakly solvable groups. A group $G$ is weakly nilpotent if its derived subgroup does not have a supplement except $G$ and a group $G$ is weakly solvable if its derived subgroup does not have a normal supplement except $G$. We present some examples and counter-examples for these groups and characterize a finitely generated weakly nilpotent group. Moreover, we characterize the nilpotent and solvable groups in terms of weakly nilpotent and weakly solvable groups. Finally, we prove that if $F$ is a free group of rank $n$ such that every normal subgroup of $F$ has rank $n$, then $F$ is weakly solvable.
Crotalaria Sowing Times Intercropped with Off-Season Maize in the Variability of Soil Temperature and Moisture
Authors: Daniel Diego Fernando , Dallacort Rivanildo , Barbieri João Danilo , Modolo Alcir José , Carvalho Marco Antonio Camillo de , Tieppo Rafael Cesar , Yamashita Oscar Mitsuo
Published: July 2022

The thermal regime and the dynamics of soil moisture affect crop yield. Therefore, there is a need to understand the extent to which the intercropping system modifies the variability of soil temperature and moisture conditions for optimal growth and yield of the maize crop. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different sowing times of crotalaria in an intercropping system with irrigated and non-irrigated off-season maize in the variability of soil temperature and moisture. The experiment consisted of twelve treatments, consisting of different cropping systems (intercropping): maize in a single crop (MS); sowing of crotalaria simultaneous with maize (MCS); sowing of crotalaria with maize in the VE stage (MCVE); sowing of crotalaria with maize in stage V2 (MCV2); sowing of crotalaria with maize in stage V4 (MCV4); sowing of crotalaria with maize in stage V6 (MCV6), in irrigated and non-irrigated systems. Soil temperature was monitored at depths of 10, 20, 30 and 40 cm, and soil moisture was monitored at a depth of 20 cm using "K-type" thermocouple sensors and time domain reflectometry (TDR) probes, which were all connected to a Datalogger and programmed to store the collected data at 15-minute intervals. Irrigation was carried out with a uniformity coefficient greater than 80% and a water depth of 10.38 mm h-1 with a sprinkler system. The intercropping of maize with crotalaria provides the soil with a smaller range of soil temperature, with higher values in the system without irrigation compared to the irrigated system. Soil moisture was lower in the single maize treatment, as it increased soil water evaporation compared to the intercropping treatments. In the irrigated system, the soil moisture was higher at 0.010 m3 m-3 in relation to the system without irrigation. The irrigated system obtained better results for maize yield than the non-irrigated system.
Employment of Public Relations Programs in Awareness of the Sdanese Womens Rights
Authors: Elzain Mahmmoud Dr. Shaza
Published: July 2022

The study aimed to examine the employment of public relations in making people aware about woman’s rights. in public relations programmes at In Ministry of Labor and Social Developmentto create enlightened public opinion familiar with women’s rights and role in the society. The study has traced women’s full right since the dawn of Islam compared with the current status of the Muslim women. The researcher has employed descriptive analytical method. For data collection, observation, interviews, questionnaire. The sample population consists of Ministry of Labor and Social Development, some samples from women citizens of  Khartoum State,. The study has arrived at a number of main conclusions. To sum up, there is a lack of media programmes about woman’s status in rural areas and that the existing programmes are only devoted to urban women. Moreover, public relations programmes at woman organizations can contribute in resolving problems encountered by the Sudanese woman by tackling their problems and enlightening the community about their rights.
In Type 2 Diabetes Patients Cardiovascular-Renal Disease is a Lifetime Risk Factor
Authors: Javed Kashif , , Ullah Ali Asad , Khan Iqra
Published: July 2022

Objective: The purpose of this research is to establish whether or not cardiovascular-renal illness is a life-threatening condition in people with type-2 diabetes by using a case-control design. Study Design: Observational/Cohort study Place and Duration: Lahore general hospital/ Mayo Hospital Lahore.Jan 2020-Jun 2020 Methods: This research had a total of 170 individuals, both sexes. Patients ranging in age from 20 to 85 were included in this study. All the patients had type 2 diabetes. Individuals who participated provided detailed demographic information such as their age and gender as well as their body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose, smoking, physical activity, food, and comorbiditie. Frequency of CVRD among all cases was measured. Myocardial Infarction (MI), heart failure (HF), stroke, chronic kidney disease (CKD), all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular (CV) death rates were evaluated. Complete data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0 version. Results: In current study males were 100 (58.8%) and 70 (41.2%) females in our study. Mean age of the patients was 56.8±8.98 years with mean BMI 30.5±6.34 kg/m2. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of all the cases were 129.3±7.41 and 79.6±4.61 mmHg. Physical inactivity was mostly found among 90 (52.9%) cases and frequency of smokers was 65 (38.2%) cases. Hypertension, obesity and hyperlipidemia were the most common comorbidities. 105 (61.8%) cases had cardiovascular renal disease in which myocardial infarction 55 (52.4%), heart failure 67 (63.8%), stroke 52 (49.5), CKD 90 (85.7%) and mortality 35 (33.3%) was significantly higher than that of the diabetic patients without cardiovascular renal disease. Conclusion: In this research, we found that the cardiovascular renal disease among patients with type 2 diabetes found to be a lifetime risk resulted high number of myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke and chronic kidney disease. There was high mortality rate among patients of diabetes 2 mellitus with CVRD. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Renal Disease, Comorbidities, CKD, Mortality