bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management methods for marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys [Stål, 1855], Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)
Authors: LAZNIK Žiga , TRDAN Stanislav
Published: March 2021

The brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855); [Hemiptera, Pentatomidae]) is an invasive, alien and polyphagous insect species native to East Asia. It was introduced to the United States in the mid-1990s and to Europe in 2004. Today it is present in most European countries. In new environments, it adapts quickly and reproduces successfully, developing at least one complete generation per year. With the growth of populations, it is becoming a disturbing factor in the urban areas and recently one of the most dangerous pests in agricultural production. It was first discovered in Slovenia in 2017 in Šempeter near Gorica. In less than two years, it spread to the entire territory od Slovenia and began to cause damage to agricultural production. In a review paper, we have collected research by foreign and domestic researchers related to the study of different ways of controlling the brown marmorated stink bug. The article presents chemical methods of control, the use of insecticide nets, the use of attractants and repellents, trap crops, as well as methods of biotic protection using predators and parasitoids.
Flow cytometric measurements as a proxy for sporulation intensity in the cultured macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta)
Authors: Nahor Omri , Morales-Reyes Cristina F. , Califano Gianmaria , Wichard Thomas , Golberg Alexander , Israel Álvaro
Published: March 2021

Controlling the life cycle of the green macroalga Ulva (Chlorophyta) is essential to maintain its efficient aquaculture. A fundamental shift in cultivation occurs by transforming the thallus cells into gametangia and sporangia (sporulation), with the subsequent release of gametes and zoids. Sporulation occurrence depends on algal age and abiotic stimuli and is controlled by sporulation inhibitors. Thus, quantification of sporulation intensity is critical for identifying the biotic and abiotic factors that influence the transition to reproductive growth. Here, we propose to determine the sporulation index by measuring the number of released gametes using flow cytometry, in proportion to the total number of thallus cells present before the occurrence of the sporulation event. The flow cytometric measurements were validated by manually counting the number of released gametes. We observed a variation in the autofluorescence levels of the gametes which were released from the gametangia. High autofluorescence level correlated to phototactically active behaviour of the gametes. As autofluorescence levels varied between different groups of gametes related to their mobility, flow cytometry can also determine the physiological status of the gametes used as feedstock in seaweed cultivation.
句對閱讀中的連貫作用
Authors: 妘珊 周 , 惠貞 蕭
Published: March 2021

提 要

本文旨在探究漢語母語者閱讀由不同因果關聯以及語意關聯所組成之連貫句對時, 連貫關係作用於句對處理之影響。整個實驗透過E-Prime軟體進行, 調查母語者閱讀不同句對時, 其反應在連貫性評估、目標句閱讀時間以及目標句回憶表現的情況與差異。研究結果發現, 首先, 當因果關聯的連貫關係高, 受試者認為該句對較有連貫性, 語意關聯亦是如此。第二, 因果關聯高的句對, 其目標句閱讀時間較短;語意關聯的效果僅在高因果時, 使高語意的目標句閱讀時間較低語意來得快。第三, 受試者閱讀因果關聯和語意關聯皆高的句對時, 其目標句回憶表現較佳。
Determinants of serum adiponectin levels: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sattarinezhad Azar , Rasekhi Kazerouni Akbar , Omrani Gholamhossein Ranjbar , Shams Mesbah
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To review non-surgical prevention strategies in women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndromes.

Content

Women with a gBRCA1 or 2 mutations face a high cumulative breast and ovarian cancer risk. While bilateral mastectomy (PBM) and bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy (PBSO) profoundly reduce the respective cancer risks, they are also associated with considerable side effects. There is therefore an urgent need for alternative and non-surgical risk reduction options. Tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors have both been evaluated in secondary prevention, but their benefit in primary prevention is currently unknown in BRCA mutation carriers. In addition, their use is compromised by their side effect profile which makes them less appealing for a use in chemoprevention.

Summary and outlook

Denosumab is a well-tolerated osteoprotective drug, which has been demonstrated to have a potential preventive effect particularly in BRCA1-deficient models in vitro. The prospectively randomized double-blind BRCA-P trial is currently investigating the preventative effect of denosumab in healthy BRCA1 germ line mutation carriers.
A Signaled Locomotor Avoidance Action Is Fully Represented in the Neural Activity of the Midbrain Tegmentum
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Shanmugasundaram Bharanidharan , Zhou Ji , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A.
Published: March 2021

Animals, including humans, readily learn to avoid harmful and threatening situations by moving in response to cues that predict the threat (e.g., fire alarm, traffic light). During a negatively reinforced sensory-guided locomotor action, known as signaled active avoidance, animals learn to avoid a harmful unconditioned stimulus (US) by moving away when signaled by a harmless conditioned stimulus (CS) that predicts the threat. CaMKII-expressing neurons in the pedunculopontine tegmentum area (PPT) of the midbrain locomotor region have been shown to play a critical role in the expression of this learned behavior, but the activity of these neurons during learned behavior is unknown. Using calcium imaging fiber photometry in freely behaving mice, we show that PPT neurons sharply activate during presentation of the auditory CS that predicts the threat before onset of avoidance movement. PPT neurons activate further during the succeeding CS-driven avoidance movement, or during the faster US-driven escape movement. PPT neuron activation was weak during slow spontaneous movements but correlated sharply with movement speed and, therefore, with the urgency of the behavior. Moreover, using optogenetics, we found that these neurons must discharge during the signaled avoidance interval for naive mice to effectively learn the active avoidance behavior. As an essential hub for signaled active avoidance, neurons in the midbrain tegmentum process the conditioned cue that predicts the threat and discharge sharply relative to the speed or apparent urgency of the avoidance (learned) and escape (innate) responses.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDuring signaled active avoidance behavior, subjects move away to avoid a threat when directed by an innocuous sensory stimulus. Using imaging methods in freely behaving mice, we found that the activity of neurons in a part of the midbrain, known as the pedunculopontime tegmentum, increases during the presentation of the innocuous sensory stimulus that predicts the threat and also during the expression of the learned behavior as mice move away to avoid the threat. In addition, inhibiting these neurons abolishes the ability of mice to learn the behavior. Thus, neurons in this part of the midbrain code and are essential for signaled active avoidance behavior.
Autocompletion interfaces make crowd workers slower, but their use promotes response diversity
Authors: Liu Xipei , Bagrow James
Published: March 2021

Creative tasks such as ideation or question proposal are powerful applications of crowdsourcing, yet the quantity of workers available for addressing practical problems is often insufficient. To enable scalable crowdsourcing thus requires gaining all possible efficiency and information from available workers. One option for text-focused tasks is to allow assistive technology, such as an autocompletion user interface (AUI), to help workers input text responses. But support for the efficacy of AUIs is mixed. Here we designed and conducted a randomized experiment where workers were asked to provide short text responses to given questions. Our experimental goal was to determine if an AUI helps workers respond more quickly and with improved consistency by mitigating typos and misspellings. Surprisingly, we found that neither occurred: workers assigned to the AUI treatment were slower than those assigned to the non-AUI control and their responses were more diverse, not less, than those of the control. Both the lexical and semantic diversities of responses were higher, with the latter measured using word2vec. A crowdsourcer interested in worker speed may want to avoid using an AUI, but using an AUI to boost response diversity may be valuable to crowdsourcers interested in receiving as much novel information from workers as possible.
Comparing crowdworkers’ and conventional knowledge workers’ self-regulated learning strategies in the workplace
Authors: Margaryan Anoush
Published: March 2021

This paper compares the strategies used by crowdworkers and conventional knowledge workers to self-regulate their learning in the workplace. Crowdworkers are a self-employed, radically distributed workforce operating outside conventional organisational settings; they have no access to the sorts of training, professional development and incidental learning opportunities that workers in conventional workplaces typically do. The paper explores what differences there are between crowdworkers and conventional knowledge workers in terms of self-regulated learning strategies they undertake. Data were drawn from four datasets using the same survey instrument. Respondents included crowdworkers from CrowdFlower and Upwork platforms and conventional knowledge workers in the finance, education and healthcare sectors. The results show that the majority of crowdworkers and conventional knowledge workers used a wide range of SRL strategies. Among 20 strategies explored, a statistically significant difference was uncovered in the use of only one strategy. Specifically, crowdworkers were significantly less likely than the conventional workers to articulate plans of how to achieve their learning goals. The results suggest that, despite working outside organisational structures, crowdworkers are similar to conventional workers in terms of how they self-regulate their workplace learning. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings and proposing directions for future research.
Evaluation of the Development Level of Information and Communications Technology in Education Based on the Entire-Array-Polygon Indicator Method: Taking the Questionnaire Survey Data of 13 Cities in Province W as an Example
Authors: Xing Danxia , Lu Chun
Published: March 2021

The objective assessment of the development level of information and communications technology (ICT) in education can support the government in formulating and implement ICT policies. The article first introduced the Entire-Array-Polygon (EAP) indicator method and then designed an evaluation indicator system which containing five first indicators and 31 secondary indicators. Finally, using the questionnaire survey data of 13 cities in Province W as an example, the EAP indicator method was used to carry out on the evaluation of ICT development level. The study drew the following conclusions: EAP indicator method can objectively assess the development level of ICT; the overall development level of ICT in the 13 cities in Province W is average and above, and most of them are level II. When using the EAP indicator method to assess the development level of ICT, experts do not need to determine the indicator's weight. Also, this method presents the evaluation results more concisely and intuitively, so it can be promoted as an essential method of evaluating on the development level of ICT in education.
An Empirical Study on the Impact of Individual Local Political Elites and Decision-Making Collective on Educational Fiscal Expenditure in China
Authors: Cai Ru , Zhang Xinping
Published: March 2021

Under the current decentralization system in China, individual characteristics of the local political elites and collective characteristics of the standing committees of the local party have an impact on local education fiscal policy. Yet published research on the similarities and differences between the collective influence of the Standing committee and the individual influence of the political elite are lacking. To address this gap in the literature, our study discussed the impact of local political elites represented by the mayor and the secretary and the collective of standing committees of the local party on education fiscal expenditure. We construct multiple regression models and analyze the R2 Change of variables is based on the cross-sectional data from 2015 of 283 prefecture-level administrative units in China. We find that both political elites and the standing committees have significant impacts on fiscal expenditure in education, and that the influence of the latter is greater than that of the former. The effect of individual characteristics and collective characteristics on education fiscal expenditure is not completely consistent across prefectures. China's prefectural governments implement China's unique principle of democratic centralism when they make decisions on local spending for education and the collective decision-making under the leadership of the committee plays an important role in education fiscal expenditure. Based on this, we put forward policy suggestions to further develop the principle of democratic centralism and to optimize optimizing the local government education supply and evaluation mechanism.
Częstość występowania i różnorodność patologicznych zmian w jamie ustnej u pacjentów leczonych w Zakładzie Chirurgii Stomatologicznej WUM w latach 2012–2017. Badanie retrospektywne
Authors: Wojtasiński Konrad , Borsukiewicz Agata , Szcześniak Krzysztof , Osiak Martyna , Wojtowicz Andrzej
Published: March 2021

Introduction A large number of lesions of various etiopathogenesis may be found in the oral cavity. They range from benign inflammatory-hyperplastic changes to malignant tumors. The following study aims to statistically show the frequency and type of changes depending on the age and sex of patients treated in the Department of Dental Surgery of the Medical University of Warsaw. Material and methods 612 results of histopathological examinations of sections or entire lesions of the oral cavity collected from patients in the years 2012–2017 were analyzed. The results were analyzed in terms of gender, age and the site of tissue collection. Neoplasms and 8 other groups of lesions of the mucosa were distinguished. Results The most common lesion was fibroma (35%), followed by a chronic inflammatory process (15.4%), and salivary gland cysts (11.9%). Papillomas (HPV) accounted for 10.5%, epilemomas 9.64%, tumors 6.54%, cysts and ulcers 4.74% and 4.25%, respectively. Pre-neoplastic lesions were found in 70 cases. These included ulcerations, leukoplakia, changes with metaplasia, dysplasia and pseudo-neoplastic hyperplasia. The most common localization of pathological changes in the oral cavity was related to the gums. Conclusions Many lesions of various etiology may present with a similar clinical manifestation. Therefore, in order to correctly diagnose pathological changes in the oral cavity, it is necessary to conduct a thorough medical history and physical examination, and identify the factors that may have caused the lesion. A particular group of pathological changes of the oral mucosa are ulcers which, despite a conservative approach, do not respond to treatment. In such cases a neoplasm should be suspected and a section of the lesion be obtained for histopathological evaluation which is the only reliable method that allows a final diagnosis.
Use of Foliar Chemical Treatments to Induce Disease Resistance in Rhododendrons Inoculated with Phytophthora ramorum
Authors: Craig L. Ramsey  , Paul C. Freebury  , Debra H. Newman  , Wolfgang Schweigkofler  , Leland J. Cseke  , Steven E. Newman
Published: March 2021

A field study was conducted at the National Ornamental Research Site at Dominican University California (NORS-DUC). The study goal was to evaluate three chemical inducers applied as foliar treatments for controlling Phytophthora ramorum, on Rhododendron x ‘Cunningham’s White’ nursery plants. The inducers were chlorine dioxide (ElectroBiocide), hydrogen peroxide (OxiDate 2.0), and acibenzolar-s methyl (Actigard). Water samples from the electrostatic sprayer were measured for three physicochemical water properties. Visual assessment of plant foliage, based on the Horsfall- Barratt scale, was conducted at three and five months after chemical treatments. Foliar fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was measured over three dates. The success of P. ramorum inoculations were determined using qPCR methods. Visual assessment across both months showed no signs of P. ramorum infection or chemical injury symptoms. However, P. ramorum infection vis-à-vis qPCR analysis was confirmed. The September Fv/Fm results revealed that all the chemical inducer treatments were equivalent to the water treatment, except for Actigard. The qPCR results were in general agreement with the Fv/Fm results indicating that the rhododendrons were successfully inoculated with P. ramorum but were non-symptomatic. The electrostatic sprayer ionized the water droplets, resulting in increased Fv/Fm values for the water treatments 90 days after application. There was a three-month delay in fluorescence responses to the most effective chemical applications, indicating that woody plants may need to be monitored over the long term to determine accurate responses to foliar treatments.
Animal Bones and Bone Artefacts from the Viking Age Site of Tornimäe in Saaremaa
Authors: Luik Heidi , Maldre Liina
Published: March 2021

Archaeological investigations in Tornimäe in the eastern part of the island Saaremaa took place in 1963, 1968 and 2004. Artefacts found during the excavations are mainly dated to the Viking Age. Most of the finds are pottery shards, some metal artefacts were found, and also animal bones. The majority of mammal bones are bones of domestic animals. Nearly half of these are caprine bones, bones of cattle, pig and horse are less numerous. Wild game bones are few, only seals were hunted more often. Bird and fish bones are also represented. Only a few bone artefacts were among the finds, more fragments of bone items were found among the animal bones during the identification of osteological material. The bone artefacts found in Tornimäe are rather simple items which do not require special skills from the bone worker and could have been made by the users of these artefacts. The uses of bone artefacts are well suited with the location of the site at the seashore.
Life Across the River: Exploring the Impact of Urbanisation in 18th–19th Century Panevėžys
Authors: Brindzaitė Rūta
Published: March 2021

Studies aimed at considering the impact of industrialisation, urbanisation and modernisation on human health in 19th-century society are becoming increasingly relevant. Although it is exceptionally rare to encounter human skeletal material from the 19th century in present-day Lithuania, this study explores whether changes which occurred in that century had any impact on human health. This research presents the preliminary results of an anthropological analysis of the human remains discovered in Panevėžys Cemetery, with material spanning the 18th–19th centuries. In total, 90 individuals were examined, including 57 males, 15 females and 18 nonadult individuals. Fractures and nonspecific inflammatory lesions were the most prevalent pathological changes. However, the values of the average height of males and females did not reveal a significant change in stature. Overall, the results demonstrated inconsistent evidence of the effects of urbanisation on the skeletal population. It can be concluded that both the sample size and the observed pathologies represent only part of the community. Therefore, a more representative sample and additional analyses are required in the future, to provide comprehensive results and more solid conclusions.
Viscous string cosmological models in alternative theory of gravity
Authors: RK Mishra , A Chand
Published: March 2021

In present communication, the Bianchi type-III, viscous string cosmological models have been investigated in scalar-tensor Brans-Dicke gravity. To obtain an exact solution of the Einstein field equations (EFE), it is assumed that the viscosity is the power function of energy density and the deceleration parameter (DP) as a function of cosmic time with suitable relation i.e. a(t)=[sinh(αt)]1/n , here α,n≠0 are constants. It is observed that the power index has the important significance on the evolution of string cosmological models. It is also noticed that the string tension density (λ) is increasing function of time where as the energy density (ρ) and the cosmological constant (Λ) are decreasing with time and converges to a small value at late time. For better understanding of the model, we have also presented the kinematic and geometric properties of the models.
Judicial Trend in Protecting Human Rights of Persons in Police Custody
Authors: Kumar N Krishna
Published: March 2021

A person is not liable to be arrested merely on the suspicion of complicity in an offence. The date and time of arrest shall be recorded in the memo which must also be countersigned by the arrestee. The right to counsel begins when a person is being interrogated and continues through pre-trial stages to trial and into appeal since it is an essential ingredient of reasonable, fair and just procedure. It would be prudent for the police officer to allow a lawyer where the accused wants to have one at the time of interrogation, if he wants to escape the censure that the interrogation is carried on in secrecy by physical and psychic torture. However these formalities are not at followed in all cases and in all countries. The higher police officials, even though they may be privately be critical of the actions of the lower officials, are having tendency to protect their fellowmen or the government from civil liability. Keywords: Arbitrary Arrest, Custodial Death, Judicial Review, Torture, Victim
Ferenczy Károly kettős portréja Schönherr Antalról és Schönherr Gyuláról (1902)
Authors: Mikó Árpád
Published: March 2021

In the autumn of 1902 Károly Ferenczy (1862–1917) painted a double portrait of Gyula Schönherr (1864–1908) and his father Antal Schönherr (†1905) in Nagybánya (today Baia Mare, Romania). Antal Schönherr was the police chief of the town, but his son had long been living in Budapest and pursued a serious career as a historian. After the onset of his career in the Archives of the Hungarian National Museum, he edited the periodical Turul rallying heraldic research, the periodical of book historical research Magyar Könyvszemle, the volumes of the Millennial Hungarian History, and he became the secretary of the National Inspectorate of Museums and Libraries set up in 1897. In 1896, at the age of 32, he became corresponding member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. He supported the art colony of Nagybánya from its foundation. Károly Ferenczy was a friend of the Schönherr family in Nagybánya; he painted the double portrait as a present to Gyula Schönherr. Gyula Schönherr’s unpublished letters to his family reveal the process of portraiture (with references to the creative methods of the painter), the display and reception of the portrait in Budapest and its subsequent fate, the further contacts between Ferenczy and his painter friends and the Schönherr family. After Gyula Schönherr’s death the painting remained with the family, who donated it to the Museum of Fine Arts in 1926, since when it has been in public collections.
Sobre la homosexualidad en el documento «¿Qué es el hombre?» de la PCB
Authors: Granados-García Carlos
Published: March 2021

La enseñanza bíblica sobre la homosexualidad tiene sus raíces en la antropología explicitada en Gn 1–2 y presente después a lo largo y ancho de toda la revelación bíblica. El reciente documento de la PCB ha abordado esta cuestión en los nn. 185-195. El artículo saca a la luz algunas de sus insistencias: la condena de los actos homosexuales en la Biblia no puede reducirse a «unos pocos textos» o a una cuestión meramente cultural, sino que afecta al gran marco antropológico de la imagen de Dios. La enseñanza del documento está sólidamente arraigada en el suelo bíblico, aunque se pueda discrepar en la interpretación de algún texto importante (como Gn 19).
Clinical characteristics and diagnostic accuracy of the revised Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination (ACE-R) in older adults with a low educational level
Authors: Tavares Júnior José Wagner Leonel , Braga Neto Pedro , Bonfadini Janine de Carvalho , Bittencourt Lays , Lopes Candida Helena , Mendes Larissa , Siqueira Neto José Ibiapina , Sousa Valéria , Amaral Anina , Carrilho Carolina Gomes , Espindola Jonatan Oliveira , Casali Maria Eduarda Avancini , Veras André Barciela , Alves Gilberto Sousa
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) as a cognitive screening tool for older adults with low levels of schooling and healthy aging, MCI and dementia in Brazil. Methods: All participants underwent neurological and psychiatric examinations and were administered a validated version of ACE-R. Results: A total of 85 participants were evaluated; most were females (84.7%, n = 72). The post hoc analysis showed statistical differences in ACE-R total scores between older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls (p < 0.001) and in subitem scores including verbal fluency, language, visuospatial skills and attention (p < 0.001). The visual-spatial skills subitem was the most strongly correlated with schooling level (r = 0.509, p < 0.001), whereas late, immediate recall and recognition memory were not influenced by schooling. The ACE-R had the best diagnostic accuracy in discriminating between MCI and controls = 0.69 (<57.5; 80/66), MD and controls = 0.98 (<50; 100/96), MCI and MD = 0.86 (<49.5; 100/74). Conclusions: ACE-R and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores for older adults with MCI and controls were significantly lower than those reported in similar studies. These preliminary findings support the need for establishing reliable cut-off scores for cognitive assessment of older Brazilian adults with low schooling at risk for dementia taking into consideration ecological and local variables.
O estresse e a saúde mental de profissionais da linha de frente da COVID-19 em hospital geral
Authors: Horta Rogério Lessa , Camargo Eduardo Guimarães , Barbosa Marcus Levi Lopes , Lantin Pedro José Sartorelli , Sette Talia Greici , Lucini Thaís Caroline Guedes , Silveira Aline Faria , Zanini Lizziê , Lutzky Bibiana Andrade
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da atuação na linha de frente da COVID-19 na saúde mental de profissionais de hospital público. Métodos: Análise transversal de entrevistas de ingresso em estudo prospectivo, com abordagem mista, em hospital da rede pública no Sul do Brasil. Resultados: Foram entrevistadas 123 pessoas, 76% profissionais de enfermagem e 81% mulheres. Escore igual ou superior a sete pontos no Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) foi obtido para 40% da amostra, 45% tiveram escore igual ou superior a 25 pontos na Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) e 41% atingiram escores compatíveis com burnout no Inventário de Burnout de Oldenburg (OBI). Os desfechos estiveram associados entre si (p < 0,05), mas nenhuma associação foi verificada com as variáveis independentes. Nas entrevistas em profundidade, foram destacados como dificuldades: longos plantões sem intervalos, bem como paramentação, pressão e cansaço maiores que os habituais, isolamento no próprio hospital, risco da própria contaminação e temores e culpa relacionados às famílias. A união da equipe apareceu como aspecto que favorece o desempenho no enfrentamento dessa situação. Conclusões: Profissionais apresentam quadro de sofrimento psicossocial. Recomenda-se priorizar repouso e intervalos, o que poderá exigir adequações de rotinas e espaços físicos, além de ampliar a oferta de apoio emocional às equipes.
Dietary supplementation of chromium for finishing pigs
Authors: Valente Júnior Dante Teixeira , Barbosa Lívia Maria dos Reis , Soares Marcos Henrique , Rodrigues Gustavo de Amorim , Gomes Maykelly da Silva , Silva Caroline Brito da , Teixeira Lucas Medina , Cunha Júnior Ronaldo Lopes , Abranches Fernanda Fialho , Saraiva Alysson
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT: Increasing fat deposition and feed conversion ratio over the days in finishing phase directly influence pork quality and productive profitability. Nonetheless, the slaughter of heavier pigs can result in benefits for the slaughterhouse due to dilution of production and processing costs, as well as economic benefits for the pig producer resulting from the dilution of production costs. Therefore, dietary supplementation of chromium for finishing pigs of high lean-genotypes is a strategy to increase lean tissue accretion and minimize fat deposition, reflecting positively on growth performance. This review discussed recent studies results and mechanisms of action of this modifier of performance and carcass a traits in finishing pigs. Chromium increases the insulin action, facilitating insulin binding to the receptors on cell membrane. As a result, insulin-sensitive cells uptake more glucose, which will be later converted into energy. This additional energy is use to increase protein synthesis, thereby increasing the amount of lean tissue and reducing fat content in the carcass, without altering protein intake by pigs. Chromium also reduces lipid oxidation rate maintaining meat quality for longer period. In conclusion, dietary Cr supplementation for finishing pigs have shown that 0.2 mg/kg of organic Cr sources for pigs from ~60 kg until the slaughter can improve growth performance, lean gain and reduce fat content in carcass. However, the development of nanotechnology has allowed the use of inorganic Cr source at 0.2 mg/kg of inclusion, leading to improve the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs.
The Evolutionary Characteristics of Apple Production Layout in China from 1978 to 2016
Authors: Zhang Qiangqiang , Weng Feilong , Shi Fanji , Shao Liqun , Huo Xuexi
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT: Based on the apple acreage and output data of 23 provinces in China, the LMDI decomposition method and the barycenter analysis model were used to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of apple production in China from 1978 to 2016. The results showed that the apple acreage and output continued to increase, and the apple production layout has moved to south-westward; Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Hebei, Liaoning, and Xinjiang were the main contributors to the apple output increase in China; yield contributed more to apple output increase, the increase of yield was a significant contributing factor to the apple output growth in 17 provinces, whereas the expansion of apple acreage was a significant contributing factor in the other 6 provinces; the barycenter of apple acreage and output respectively moved to the southwest by 506.63 kilometers and 574.12 kilometers, and the barycenter of apple production gradually shifted to the Loess Plateau. To stabilize the effective supply of apple and maintain industrial security, the policymakers should attach importance to the fundamental role of technological progress in the development of the apple industry, and bring into play the technological progress, economic, social, and environmental effects of apple industry agglomeration by optimizing the apple production layout and strengthening policy guidance and regulatory measures.
Production sequencing in a flow shop system using optimization and heuristic algorithms
Authors: Caicedo-Rolón Junior Álvaro , Llanos John Wilmer Parra
Published: March 2021

abstract: The purpose of the research was to determine the sequencing of the production of n jobs in m operations in a small footwear company in an environment of flow shop machine characteristics, which optimizes the total time of completion of the job in the production system (Makespan). We used heuristic algorithms that were applied through Lekin and WinQSB softwares, and for the optimization algorithm we designed a mathematical model that was solved by Juliabox software. Results show that the integer linear programming and local search minimize the makespan with 3807 minutes, and different production sequences for each algorithm, which consider permutation, which improves the traditional way of programming the production in 97 minutes, however, the optimization presents better results in the performance measures of average waiting time, average time of flow, and average job in process. Application of heuristic algorithms proves to be simple and fast, but the mathematical model of optimization designed and encoded in the software is a flexible and valuable tool for decision making in production programming, which could be applied in other footwear companies, and in other productive sectors whose companies have the same characteristics of the case study, reducing costs and improving delivery times.
Opportunistic behavior in public bidding of agricultural products in IFSULDEMINAS - Campus Inconfidentes
Authors: Ramirio Lucas Deleon , Pereira Wagner Roberto , de Alcântara Juciara Nunes
Published: March 2021

abstract: This study is based on the theory of transaction costs (TCT) to analyze the opportunistic behavior of suppliers in public purchases of agricultural products provided by the private sector. We argue that among the public purchasing modalities, the electronic auction, although using the principles of the reverse English auction and considered as a market structure governance driven by price, presents opportunistic behavior at the time of bidding by the seller, until the closing of the contract with the buyer. We analyzed the differences in price quotations and the closing price of 20 agricultural products purchased in electronic auction of public bidding processes in comparison to the bid prices and of references between the years 2014 to 2017 in the Federal Institute Sul de Minas - Campus Inconfidentes. The results show that there was a discount in the biddings between the years 2014 and 2017, since the repetition of bids in electronic auction forced the reduction of prices by the suppliers. However, it was possible to note opportunism by some agents, in the items in which the public agency under study did not fully specify the bidding product.
Management for maintenance of public education
Authors: Ferreira Franciele Maria Costa , Souza Henor Artur de
Published: March 2021

abstract: Public education buildings require a plan for the conservation and maintenance of its various systems and facilities. In practice, it can be seen that there are major challenges in managing the maintenance of the Federal Universities in Minas Gerais State involving a lack of financial resources, disqualified and insufficient workforce, lack of investment in the Information Technology sector specific for this purpose, absence of a plan or program for maintenance, absence of specific actions in maintaining structured steel constructions, lack of technical staff for the preparation of inspections, reports and memorial, among others. Faced with this disturbing reality, this study aims to propose guidelines for maintenance of the buildings of public educational institutions, in order to improve the quality of maintenance of these buildings. The methodological approach adopted is the exploratory case study. An investigation of 11 public educational institutions of Minas Gerais is performed. The main contributions of the work refer to the proposition of maintenance management guidelines such as the knowledge of the buildings, the management through software and maintenance program to be used and replicated for other educational institutions of similar characteristics.
Phosphorus doses alter the ionic homeostasis of cowpea irrigated with saline water
Authors: Sá Francisco V. da S. , Silva Ivan E. da , Ferreira Neto Miguel , Lima Yuri B. de , Paiva Emanoela P. de , Gheyi Hans R.
Published: March 2021

HIGHLIGHTS Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity above 2.5 dS m-1 is not adequate for ‘Paulistinha’ cowpea. Increment in phosphorus dose does not increase phosphorus content in cowpea plant. Under salt stress conditions, cowpea plants require lower doses of phosphorus.
Potassium and irrigation water salinity on the formation of sour passion fruit seedlings
Authors: Lima Geovani S. de , Soares Maria G. da S. , Soares Lauriane A. dos A. , Gheyi Hans R. , Pinheiro Francisco W. A. , Silva Jailson B. da
Published: March 2021

HIGHLIGHTS Potassium does not attenuate the deleterious effects of salt stress on the formation of seedlings of sour passion fruit. Water salinity increases the percentage of cell membrane damage in sour passion fruit seedlings. Salt stress inhibits growth of sour passion fruit but water with up to 3.5 dS m-1 can be used for formation of its seedlings.
Water yield and consumption of cauliflower plants grown in a hydroponic system using brackish waters and different flow rates
Authors: Cruz Ruana I. F. , Silva Gerônimo F. da , Silva Ênio F. de F. e , Soares Hammady R. e , Santos Júnior José A. , Santos Hugo R. B.
Published: March 2021

HIGHLIGHTS Raising the flow rate of the nutrient solution with brackish water results in less water consumption in cauliflower. The water yield in cultivation of cauliflower depends on the chemical composition of the water used in the nutrient solution. The cauliflower production is viable in hydroponics using waters with electrical conductivities of up to 5.88 dS m-1.
Physical and physiological quality of mangaba seeds obtained by different processing methods
Authors: Nunes Valdinete V. , Silva-Mann Renata , Vasconcelos Michelle C. , Rodrigues Allana M. B. , Souza Juliana L.
Published: March 2021

HIGHLIGHTS The seeds obtained from the fruit pulp industry have a physiological quality for seedling propagation. There is a high potential for reducing fruit pulp industry residues by using these seeds for propagation. Higher pixel density is observed for full seeds with an efficiency of forming normal seedlings.
Hydropower affects fish trophic structure both downstream of the dam and upstream of the reservoir
Authors: Fráguas Patrícia Santos , Pompeu Paulo Santos
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Dams often cause drastic changes in freshwater environments and can compromise the quality and availability of food resources in rivers. This study aims to analyze the influence of a dam on the trophic structure of fish assemblages in lotic areas located both upstream and downstream of the Irapé Hydroelectric Power Plant. Fish sampling occurred before (2003 to 2005) and after (2011 to 2017) the impoundment, which began in 2006. The trophic structure and species composition before dam construction were similar upstream of the reservoir and downstream of the dam. After the building of the dam, both aspects of the assemblages changed along the lotic stretches - the upstream incurred an increase in biomass of detritivores and a decrease of piscivores and omnivores, while downstream went exactly the opposite, causing a differentiation between the two assemblages. Because lotic areas upstream of reservoirs are also impacted by river damming, efforts for impact mitigation should also focus on these areas.
Contributions to the taxonomy of Trachelyopterus (Siluriformes): comparative cytogenetic analysis in three species of Auchenipteridae
Authors: Santos Dayane Petik dos , Felicetti Denise , Baumgärtner Lucas , Margarido Vladimir Pavan , Blanco Daniel Rodrigues , Moreira-Filho Orlando , Lui Roberto Laridondo
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Auchenipteridae is divided into subfamilies Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae. Parauchenipterus is included in the latter and is subject of taxonomic discussions concerning its validation or synonymization with Trachelyopterus. Herein, three species from two hydrographic basins were cytogenetically analyzed: Parauchenipterus striatulus from Doce River and two sympatric species, P. galeatus and Trachelyopterus coriaceus, from the Araguaia River. Diploid number of 58 chromosomes was verified for all species, but P. striatulus has different karyotype formula from the others. The three species have heterochromatin located in terminal regions of almost all chromosomes and in pericentromeric region on acrocentric chromosomes. Simple NORs was verified on a subtelocentric chromosome for all species. 5S rDNA sites were detected in three submetacentric chromosome pairs in P. striatulus; in a metacentric chromosome pair and submetacentric pair in T. coriaceus; and in one metacentric chromosome pair in P. galeatus. The similarities found in the karyotypes of the three species suggest the existence of only one genus, Trachelyopterus; therefore, our data refutes the validation of Parauchenipterus. Moreover, the differences in 5S rDNA distribution in P. galeatus in comparison with other populations already studied, indicate the existence of a new taxonomic unit, which suggests a species complex in P. galeatus.
Dinheiro como relação social: uma leitura do poder monetário do Estado na MMT
Authors: Paraná Edemilson , Mollo Maria de Lourdes Rollemberg
Published: March 2021

Resumo Este artigo discute as seguintes ideias propostas pela Modern Money Theory (MMT): i) o postulado da moeda como uma criatura do Estado; ii) de que o crescimento econômico pode ser obtido por meio de déficits fiscais; e iii) de que a ação do Estado pode possibilitar o alcance do pleno emprego. Tais ideias implicam significativo papel monetário do Estado, papel que avaliamos à luz de uma concepção marxista do dinheiro como relação social. Destacamos o poder hierarquicamente superior do Estado nesse particular, mas também seus limites, apontando algumas barreiras à aplicação das prescrições da MMT. De um lado, demonstramos que podem haver efeitos substantivos das políticas fiscal e monetária sobre a produção real; por outro, problematizamos a noção de pleno emprego à luz dos limites impostos pelas lutas de classe ao papel do Estado como empregador em última instância.
Avaliação da concentração do crédito BNDES para as empresas do setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro entre 2002 e 2018
Authors: Barboza Caio César , Figueira Sérgio Rangel Fernandes
Published: March 2021

Resumo O objetivo do artigo foi o de averiguar como foi distribuído o crédito do BNDES para as 100 maiores empresas, considerando a safra 2012/2013, em moagem de cana-de-açúcar do setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro no período de 2002 até 2018, mensurando-se ainda comparativamente a concessão de crédito do BNDES e a quantidade de moagem de cana-de-açúcar, a razão de concentração e o coeficiente de Gini. Construiu-se também, comparativamente, curvas de Lorenz. Em todos os indicadores mensurados constatou-se maior concentração e desigualdade na concessão de crédito para as maiores empresas em relação às menores. Observou-se ainda assimetria com relação ao acesso ao crédito, com os maiores tendo maior acesso em relação aos menores. As dez maiores empresas captaram crédito do BNDES. Dos cinquenta maiores, trinta e duas captaram crédito do BNDES. Do quinquagésimo primeiro ao centésimo grupo, sete grupos captaram crédito.
A cidade e as serras: onde criar (ou encerrar) uma universidade
Authors: Rolim Cássio , Serra Maurício
Published: March 2021

Resumo O despovoamento do leste português e a concentração próxima ao litoral é tema de um debate antigo que inclui, inclusive, as virtudes das cidades menores em detrimento das maiores. Enquanto este último aspecto é inconcluso, o esvaziamento do Leste é um fato. Também é um fato que as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) mais próximas ao litoral tendem a ter uma demanda maior do que as mais distantes, o que tem levantado um debate sobre a possibilidade de se concentrar recursos para expandir as IES mais pressionadas pela demanda ou de se reduzir aquelas com um número diminuto de matrículas. Os conceitos de Economia nem sempre são utilizados nesse debate de forma precisa. Uma IES é importante não somente para a manutenção da demanda agregada, mas fundamentalmente por contribuir para o incremento da inovação e da competitividade regional a longo prazo. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar essas questões e indicar alguns pontos importantes para a consideração dos tomadores de decisão.
Orientação sexual no Brasil utilizando decomposição quantílica incondicional
Authors: Suliano Daniel , Cavalcante Alexsandre Lira , Rodrigues Luciana
Published: March 2021

Resumo Este trabalho busca complementar a incipiente literatura do Brasil que discorre sobre os diferenciais de rendimentos a partir da orientação sexual. Até então, estudos dessa temática no país não fizeram uso de quais são os determinantes da desigualdade salarial ao longo da curva de salários, além de utilizarem apenas a base de dados do censo demográfico 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Nesse trabalho utilizou-se, de forma pioneira, a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD Contínua) dos anos de 2012 a 2016 do IBGE, além de uma generalização do método de decomposição de Oaxaca (1973) e Blinder (1973) com base em regressões de Função de Influência Recentrada (FIR), proposta por Firpo, Fortin e Lemieux (2007). No efeito composição, os resultados se revelam favoráveis aos homossexuais, principalmente no grupo de demografia e capital humano e no grupamento de atividade e ocupação, tanto em gays como em lésbicas. Por outro lado, não foram encontradas evidências de efeitos discriminatórios em homossexuais no âmbito do mercado de trabalho, resultado que vai em direção contrária à literatura internacional especializada, utilizando outras formas de identificação da orientação sexual.
Estado da arte da produção stricto sensu da enfermagem brasileira sobre saúde da população rural
Authors: Silva Bruno Neves da , Araújo Vitória Keller Gregório de , Felix Rayane Saraiva , Rebouças Danielle Gonçalves da Cruz , Silva Sandy Yasmine Bezerra e , Pinto Erika Simone Galvão
Published: March 2021

Resumo Objetivo caracterizar a produção Stricto sensu da pós-graduação brasileira em Enfermagem sobre a temática saúde da população rural. Método revisão compreensiva realizada por meio da Plataforma Sucupira. Estabeleceram-se, como amostra, dissertações e teses de mestrado e doutorado das quais foram extraídas informações que constituíram dois bancos de dados submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e textual. Resultados 118 relatórios de pesquisa compuseram a amostra. Identificou-se maior quantitativo de estudos produzidos do tipo dissertação de mestrado, provenientes da região Sul do Brasil, publicados entre 2015 e 2016 e que utilizaram abordagens quantitativas. A análise exploratória permitiu constatar que as pesquisas desenvolvidas versavam sobre três temáticas centrais: políticas públicas e serviços de atenção à saúde, cuidado cultural no contexto familiar e saúde do idoso rural. Conclusões e implicações para a prática a produção sobre a saúde rural em nível de pós-graduação Stricto sensu em Enfermagem no Brasil aponta para um novo leque de possibilidades de investigação e poderá contribuir para as práticas de cuidado que os enfermeiros rurais realizam.
A Ontologia Social Analítica: Por uma Interlocução com a Teoria Sociológica
Authors: Sell Carlos Eduardo
Published: March 2021

RESUMO O propósito deste artigo é aproximar as discussões da filosofia social analítica do movimento de virada ontológica que ocorre hoje nas Ciências Sociais. Com esse fim, apresentam-se alguns dos autores mais representativos da ontologia social analítica sobre o tema da intencionalidade coletiva. Demonstra-se que, de forma similar ao que acontece na teoria sociológica, seus principais representantes divergem sobre a relação de prioridade entre o nível micro ou macro da realidade social, defendendo posições identificadas com o holismo (John Searle e Margaret Gilbert), o coletivismo moderado (Raimo Tuomela) ou o individualismo relacional (Michael Bratman). Defende-se que a similaridade dessa problemática com as discussões sociológicas, sobre a relação micro/macro, representa uma importante plataforma de interlocução entre estas tradições disciplinares.