bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the snowpack depth with Unmanned Aerial System photogrammetry: comparison with manual probing and a 3D laser scanning over a sample plot
Authors: Avanzi Francesco , Bianchi Alberto , Cina Alberto , De Michele Carlo , Maschio Paolo , Pagliari Diana , Passoni Daniele , Pinto Livio , Piras Marco , Rossi Lorenzo
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Photogrammetric surveys using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) may represent an alternative to existing methods for measuring the distribution of snow, but additional efforts are still needed to establish this technique as a low-cost, yet precise tool. Importantly, existing works have mainly used sparse evaluation datasets that limit the insight into UAS performance at high spatial resolutions. Here, we compare a UAS-based photogrammetric map of snow depth with data acquired with a MultiStation and with manual probing over a sample plot. The relatively high density of manual data (135 pt over 6700 m2, i.e., 2 pt/100 m2) enables to assess the performance of UAS in capturing the marked spatial variability of snow. The use of a MultiStation, which exploits a scanning principle, also enables to compare UAS data on snow with a frequently used instrument in high-resolution applications. Results show that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between UAS and MultiStation data on snow is equal to 0.036 m when comparing the two point clouds. A large fraction of this difference may be, however, due to spurious differences between datasets due to simultaneous snowmelt, as the RMSE on bare soil is equal to 0.02 m. When comparing UAS data with manual probing, the RMSE is equal to 0.31 m, whereas the median difference is equal to 0.12 m. The statistics significantly decrease up to RMSE = 0.17 m when excluding areas of likely water accumulation in snow and ice layers. These results suggest that UAS represent a competitive choice among existing techniques for high-precision, high-resolution remote sensing of snow.
A EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS NO PANORAMA DA GARANTIA DO DIREITO
Authors: Ferreira Furtado Viviane , Leal Nascimento Fabiana
Published: April 2017

Este artigo objetiva apresentar como as políticas públicas, descritas nos documentos oficiais, regulamentam a manutenção do direito à formação para o trabalho e para o exercício da cidadania aos jovens e adultos excluídos do processo de ensino regular. Para tanto, faz uma breve descrição da origem da escola, seguida de uma sucinta exposição sobre a Educação de Jovens e Adultos garantida na Constituição Federal, nas duas Leis de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional e nos Planos Nacionais de Educação. Aborda uma retomada do estudo do processo histórico-cultural de ensino-aprendizagem e comenta algumas das características necessárias à formação de profissionais da educação, na busca por contribuir com o aprimoramento deste nível de ensino e garantir uma formação emancipatória aos sujeitos desta modalidade educacional. Os resultados demonstram a possibilidade de resgate do direito ao exercício da cidadania, mas reafirmam a necessidade de continuar com as mobilizações e com os debates em defesa de uma educação igualitária que inclua esta classe historicamente marginalizada nos documentos vindouros como, por exemplo, numa próxima versão do projeto Pátria Educadora.
RELATOS DE UMA MULHER NEGRA NA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO: Trajetória educacional
Authors: Antonio Batista da Silva Marcos
Published: April 2017

Este texto é um recorte de uma pesquisa que investigou trajetórias de estudantes negros da pós-graduação. Para este artigo privilegiamos discutir os relatos de uma mulher negra, titulada mestra no ensino superior/pós-graduação no Brasil, captados em entrevista individual semiestruturada e transcrita em forma de texto. A fim de se compreender trajetórias de estudantes negros do ensino superior/pós-graduação, faz-se necessário discutir à histórica condescendência das elites brasileiras com desigualdades sociais e ao racismo estrutural e simbólico contemporâneo. Encarar o debate sobre desigualdades educacionais e raciais historicamente acumuladas e socialmente reproduzidas no Brasil se apresenta, ainda, como um desafio de grandes proporções. Neste contexto perguntamos para a entrevistada sobre sua trajetória educacional até a pós-graduação. Indicamos que a trajetória educacional da entrevistada foi pautada de desigualdades sociais em razão de um racismo que integra as dimensões estrutural e simbólica na sociedade brasileira. Isto é, esse racismo atenta simultaneamente para as dimensões simbólica e estrutural na produção e sustentação de desigualdades sociais.
O ESTUDO DE CASO ETNOGRÁFICO E O SUSTENTAR DA RELAÇÃO TEORIA E PRÁTICA: O ensino de psicologia para formação de professores na educação infantil
Authors: Bruna De Brito Pimenta Stéfany , De Castro Balduino Jordana , Christine Hoerpers Gianne , Barroso Clemente Rocha Izabela
Published: April 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a experiência de estágio em licenciatura em Psicologia, que foi desenvolvida por meio de ações voltadas para a formação de auxiliares educativas e professores da educação infantil. Através da reflexão sobre esta experiência, buscou-se problematizar a relevância do estudo de caso etnográfico enquanto um método que permite o sustentar da tensão teoria e prática na relação entre Psicologia e educação. O estágio foi realizado durante o ano de 2013 na disciplina “Estágio supervisionado em formação do professor de Psicologia” que compõe a grade curricular de formação complementar em licenciatura do curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal de Goiás (regional Goiânia). O grupo de estágio foi composto por três acadêmicas e a realização das atividades ocorreu em um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI), localizado em Goiânia. O desenvolvimento do trabalho foi fundamentado no método etnográfico, através de observações de campo, entrevistas com atores escolares (coordenadora eauxiliares educativas) e análise documental (proposta político-pedagógica para educação infantil), seguidas de intervenção no campo através de um curso de curta duração ministrado pelas acadêmicas. No que diz respeito aos resultados obtidos, permanece o desafio de se manter a tensão da relação dialética entre teoria e prática, sem que haja a supremacia de uma sobre a outra. Nesta experiência de estágio a metodologia de estudo de caso etnográfico constituiu-se enquanto um meio fundamental para viabilização de tal processo.Palavras-chave: Psicologia. Etnografia. Formação de professor.
ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO DA SECRETARIA DE EDUCAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS.
Authors: Rodrigues Chaves Soraia
Published: April 2017

ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO DA SECRETÁRIA DE EDUCAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE GOIÁS.RESUMO A Análise proposta para este trabalho, refere-se ao modelo tridimensional de discurso: a análise da prática discursiva, do texto e da prática social. Uma flexão baseada nos pressupostos da Análise do Discurso, a cerca dos discursos da Secretária de Educação de Goiás Professora Doutora Raquel Alexandre Teixeira e os temas que compõem suas falas em entrevistas relacionadas a questões sociais e políticas onde a questão central é a Educação Pública. A Análise do Discurso no estudo da linguística crítica e a análise da linguagem na percepção das mudanças sociais e na ideologia poderá nos fazer compreender os motivos pelos quais sua defesa pela qualidade da escola pública apresente algumas contradições, conflitos ideológicos, pressupostos Neo Liberais e pode se contrapor a um outro conceito de qualidade necessária para se construir uma outra sociedade mais consciente e crítica. O nosso corpus de trabalho está composto pelas falas da Professora Raquel Teixeira em entrevistas recentes na mídia regional sobre educação e gestão da escola pública, o nosso objeto de análise é o seu discurso político, te. A análise do discurso é o nosso fundamento metodológico. De linha Francesa tendo como bases principais o Discurso e Mudança Social de Norman Fairclouch, também em Stephen J. Ball, cuja base reflete a (Performatividade), Privatização e o Pós Estado do Bem Estar- Social), também alinhava a base temática( A Reforma do Estado dos anos 90 e Mecanismos de Controle), de Luiz Carlos Bresser Pereira .Nossa pretensão nesse artigo é levantarmos alguns pontos de reflexão no discurso político, que nos possibilite contribuir com o debate das mudanças sociais, encontrando na prática social da Secretária de Educação de Goiás Professora Raquel Teixeira a lógica racional que norteia seu discurso. Nesse sentido, esperamos que novos elementos possam ser evidenciados à luz da Análise do Discurso e Mudança Social de Fairclouch e com o método da linguística crítica(Fowler et al, 1979; Kress e Hodge) des-cobrir identidade do sujeito, as relações sociais e os sistemas de conhecimento e poder.
Staffing System Management: Evidences from Singapore
Authors: T. Tessema Mussie , Gok Kubilay , Ngoma Alex , Tesfayohannes Mengsteab , Fernando Gerry V.
Published: April 2017

This paper uses Singapore as a case study to illustrate how staffing policies and practices affect the quality of the workforce which ultimately influence performance at employee and organization level. It reveals that Singapore public service has been able to put in place most of the ‘critical factors’ for an effective staffing system management. The presence of those critical factors have played an important role in making Singapore to be one of the most effective public services in the world. Finally, it forwards theoretical and practical implications of the study and future research direction.
Microbial, Physical and Sensory Properties of Three Novel Yogurt Flavors: Molasses, Mulberry and Amaretto
Authors: Tangkham Wannee , LeMieux Frederick
Published: April 2017

Many consumers incorporate yogurt into their diet as a healthy alternative to other food choices. Providing a variety of flavor choices to the yogurt consumer is important to maintain eating satisfaction. The objective of this study was to evaluate specific attributes of three novel yogurt flavors. These flavors, sweetened with low calorie stevia, include molasses, amaretto and mulberry. Through sensory testing, each flavor was evaluated for consumer product acceptance and purchase intent. Additionally, the yogurt products were assayed for certain physicochemical characteristics and microbial counts. Using a 9-point hedonic scale, fifty-eight participants (23 males and 35 females) evaluated the yogurt flavors for acceptability of appearance, color, flavor, sweetness, sourness, texture and overall liking. Physicochemical characteristics were evaluated for % moisture content, pH value, color (L*, a* and b* values) and lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) protocol) every 7 days for 28 days. Through plating techniques, yogurt was assayed for two microbial counts: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus every 7 days for 28 days. Overall liking scores from the hedonic analysis indicate that mulberry flavor was the most desirable (5.67), followed by amaretto (5.32), and molasses (5.07). From the acceptability, mulberry yogurt scored the highest at 70.69%. From the purchase intent questionnaires, amaretto yogurt scored the highest at 44.83%. In general, there were no outstanding differences in the physiochemical characteristics among the three yogurts tested. However, % moisture content and L* values (lightness) increased in all samples over the 28 days of storage. The TBARS values were higher in molasses flavor at 5.84 mg MDA/kg. No E. coli or S. aureus were detected. This study provides valuable insight into the quality, safety, shelf-life and consumer acceptance of the three novel yogurt flavors.
Evaluating of Noise Pollution in the Airside of Imam Khomeini International Airport
Authors: Sh. Shabani , Sh. Zarei
Published: April 2017

Detection, measurement and monitoring of environmental pollution are considered as one of the decision basics in the environmental management. Principle planning for solving environmental problems is not possible without reliance to assured measurement with the help of new and powerful systems in monitoring. In this regard the noise pollution of airports is of great importance. In this paper by using device analysis method and utilizing a calibrated sound level meter device, sources of noise pollution recognition, noise and sound pressure level measurement, evaluation and comparison of them with environmental standards, and airside control actions of the Imam Khomeini international airport have been performed and it was showed, that the runway, ground safety and the dock have been respectively the main pollutants, so that noise pollution in the Apron area and runway at night have been 80.7% more than Iran standards and the ground safety site while alarm broadcasting has been 53.1% at daytime and 61.1% at night more than standards and these values for Dock has been 20.88% and also the value of noise pollutants in water refinery sites, watchtower, taxi parking and pilgrim terminals have met standards. Finally some solutions against noise pollution have been proposed.
Tesis doctorales presentadas en España y Portugal en 2014 en el ámbito de la SIBB
Authors: Rodríguez Rius Daniel
Published: April 2017

Tesis 2014
Efectos de la existencia de capa elástica en los sistemas de césped artificial de tercera generación y la velocidad de carrera sobre la respuesta biomecánica de atenuación de impactos en jugadores de fútbol
Authors: García-Gallart A.; Universidad Católica de Murcia (UCAM) , Encarnación-Martínez A. , Gallardo A. , Sánchez J.A. , Sánchez-Sánchez J. , Chicoy I.
Published: April 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la influencia de la capa elástica con otros componentes estructurales sobre la magnitud y atenuación de impactos en diferentes sistemas de césped artificial (SCA) de tercera generación. Para ello, 12 participantes fueron evaluados sobre cuatro SCA, con características estructurales diferentes, mediante un test lineal de carrera a tres velocidades distintas (V1: 3,33 m/s, V2: 4 m/s y V3: velocidad máxima) con dos acelerómetros triaxiales situados en tibia y cabeza. El pico de aceleración en tibia fue significativamente menor en SCA4 (sub-base de terreno natural, mayor longitud de fibra y cantidad de relleno) a V3 y menor que SCA1 (fibra de menor longitud y menor cantidad de relleno) y SCA3 (mayor longitud de la fibra, mayor cantidad de relleno y sub-base asfáltica) a V1 y V2. Mientras SCA3, presentó una mayor atenuación con respecto a SCA1 y SCA2 (características estructurales similares a SCA1 y con capa elástica) a V1 y con SCA2 a V2. La capa elástica puede tener una influencia menor que la longitud de la fibra, la cantidad de relleno y la sub-base en la magnitud de los picos de impacto a velocidades máximas y en su capacidad de atenuación a velocidades lentas y moderadas.
A constituição e a distribuição da fauna de decápodos do litoral leste da América do Sul entre as latitudes de 5ºN e 39ºS.
Authors: COELHO Petrônio Alves , RAMOS Marilena De Araújo
Published: April 2017

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Efeito da Sedimentação sobre a Distribuição de Batillipes pennaki Marcus, (1946) em Zona Tropical Típica: Restinga do Paiva, Pernambuco, Brasil.
Authors: CASTRO Francisco José Victor , FONSECA-GENEVOIS Verônica , LIRA Luiz , ROCHA Clélia Márcia Cavalcanti da
Published: April 2017

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Octocorais (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) do Litoral Maranhense, Brasil
Authors: ALMEIDA Larissa Villela de , PÉREZ Carlos Daniel , SILVA Bruno Gustavo Tenório da
Published: April 2017

Sete espécies de octocorais são descritas para o litoral maranhense, incluindo o Parcel de Manuel Luis, que encontra-se a 184 km de São Luiz. Novos registros para varias praias do Estado de Maranhão são incluidos. As espécies coletadas foram Carijoa riisei, Pacifigorgia elegans, Leptogorgia miniata e Leptogorgia punicea. A pequena quantidade de espécies de octocorais descritas para o Estado, deixa a certeza de que não se deve medir esforços para estudos na área já que a sua proximidade com o Caribe indica que possívelmente um maior número de espécies devem ocorrer no local. O status taxonómico das espécies encontradas foi atualizado; incluindo-se a distribuição mundial das mesmas. Palavras chave: Octocorallia, taxonomia, distribuição, Maranhão, Brasil.
Restless legs syndrome in adolescents: relationship with sleep quality, cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat
Authors: Giannaki Christoforos D. , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Aphamis George , Pantzaris Marios , Sakkas Giorgos K.
Published: April 2017

Objective The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between restless legs syndrome (RLS) and cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and sleep quality in a sample of adolescents.

Methods One hundred fifty seven volunteer adolescents (16.6 ± 0.7 yrs) participated in the study. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburg sleep quality index. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test and body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Results The prevalence of RLS was 5.1%. The adolescents with RLS were found to exhibit significantly higher body fat levels (p=0.019) and poorer sleep quality score (p=0.000) compared with their free-RLS counterparts.

Conclusions Adolescents with RLS are subjects of higher body fat and impaired sleep quality compared with adolescents without RLS. Early diagnosis and appropriate management of RLS is essential in the adolescents.
Sonar observation of diffuse hydrothermal flows
Authors: Jackson D. R. , Ivakin A. N. , Xu G. , Bemis K. G.
Published: April 2017

Previous studies have used multibeam sonar data to map diffuse hydrothermal flows by exploiting the decorrelation of successive seafloor echoes caused by temperature fluctuations. The present work extends this approach to quantify temperature fluctuations integrated along the sonar line of sight. The method is illustrated using data from the Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar deployed at the Grotto Vent complex on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Inversion results are presented in the form of the structure function for integrated temperature fluctuations. A three‐parameter fit to the structure function provides time series encapsulating statistics of these fluctuations.
Rod‐Shaped Neural Units for Aligned 3D Neural Network Connection
Authors: Kato‐Negishi Midori , Onoe Hiroaki , Ito Akane , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: April 2017

This paper proposes neural tissue units with aligned nerve fibers (called rod‐shaped neural units) that connect neural networks with aligned neurons. To make the proposed units, 3D fiber‐shaped neural tissues covered with a calcium alginate hydrogel layer are prepared with a microfluidic system and are cut in an accurate and reproducible manner. These units have aligned nerve fibers inside the hydrogel layer and connectable points on both ends. By connecting the units with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) guide, 3D neural tissues can be constructed and maintained for more than two weeks of culture. In addition, neural networks can be formed between the different neural units via synaptic connections. Experimental results indicate that the proposed rod‐shaped neural units are effective tools for the construction of spatially complex connections with aligned nerve fibers in vitro.
Tuning Energy Levels without Negatively Affecting Morphology: A Promising Approach to Achieving Optimal Energetic Match and Efficient Nonfullerene Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Jianquan , Jiang Kui , Yang Guofang , Ma Tingxuan , Liu Jing , Li Zhengke , Lai Joshua Yuk Lin , Ma Wei , Yan He
Published: April 2017

One advantage of nonfullerene polymer solar cells (PSCs) is that they can yield high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) despite their relatively low optical bandgaps. To maximize the VOC of PSCs, it is important to fine‐tune the energy level offset between the donor and acceptor materials, but in a way not negatively affecting the morphology of the donor:acceptor (D:A) blends. Here, an effective material design rationale based on a family of D–A1–D–A2 terthiophene (T3) donor polymers is reported, which allows for the effective tuning of energy levels but without any negative impacts on the morphology of the blend. Based on a T3 donor unit combined with difluorobenzothiadiazole (ffBT) and difluorobenzoxadiazole (ffBX) acceptor units, three donor polymers are developed with highly similar morphological properties. This is particularly surprising considering that the corresponding quaterthiophene polymers based on ffBT and ffBX exhibit dramatic differences in their solubility and morphological properties. With the fine‐tuning of energy levels, the T3 polymers yield nonfullerene PSCs with a high efficiency of 9.0% for one case and with a remarkably low energy loss (0.53 V) for another polymer. This work will facilitate the development of efficient nonfullerene PSCs with optimal energy levels and favorable morphology properties.
Suppressing Energy Loss due to Triplet Exciton Formation in Organic Solar Cells: The Role of Chemical Structures and Molecular Packing
Authors: Chen Xian‐Kai , Wang Tonghui , Brédas Jean‐Luc
Published: April 2017

In the most efficient solar cells based on blends of a conjugated polymer (electron donor) and a fullerene derivative (electron acceptor),ultrafast formation of charge‐transfer (CT) electronic states at the donor‐acceptor interfaces and efficient separation of these CT states into free charges, lead to internal quantum efficiencies near 100%. However, there occur substantial energy losses due to the non‐radiative recombinations of the charges, mediated by the loweset‐energy (singlet and triplet) CT states; for example, such recombinations can lead to the formation of triplet excited electronic states on the polymer chains, which do not generate free charges. This issue remains a major factor limiting the power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of these devices. The recombination rates are, however, difficult to quantify experimentally. To shed light on these issues, here, an integrated multi‐scale theoretical approach that combines molecular dynamics simulations with quantum chemistry calculations is employed in order to establish the relationships among chemical structures, molecular packing, and non‐radiative recombination losses mediated by the lowest‐energy charge‐transfer states.
Ultrafine MoO2‐Carbon Microstructures Enable Ultralong‐Life Power‐Type Sodium Ion Storage by Enhanced Pseudocapacitance
Authors: Zhao Changtai , Yu Chang , Zhang Mengdi , Huang Huawei , Li Shaofeng , Han Xiaotong , Liu Zhibin , Yang Juan , Xiao Wei , Liang Jianneng , Sun Xueliang , Qiu Jieshan
Published: April 2017

The achievement of the superior rate capability and cycling stability is always the pursuit of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, it is mainly restricted by the sluggish reaction kinetics and large volume change of SIBs during the discharge/charge process. This study reports a facile and scalable strategy to fabricate hierarchical architectures where TiO2 nanotube clusters are coated with the composites of ultrafine MoO2 nanoparticles embedded in carbon matrix (TiO2@MoO2‐C), and demonstrates the superior electrochemical performance as the anode material for SIBs. The ultrafine MoO2 nanoparticles and the unique nanorod structure of TiO2@MoO2‐C help to decrease the Na+ diffusion length and to accommodate the accompanying volume expansion. The good integration of MoO2 nanoparticles into carbon matrix and the cable core role of TiO2 nanotube clusters enable the rapid electron transfer during discharge/charge process. Benefiting from these structure merits, the as‐made TiO2@MoO2‐C can deliver an excellent cycling stability up to 10 000 cycles even at a high current density of 10 A g−1. Additionally, it exhibits superior rate capacities of 110 and 76 mA h g−1 at high current densities of 10 and 20 A g−1, respectively, which is mainly attributed to the high capacitance contribution.
Maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy among young women in Cebu, Philippines
Authors: Fried Ruby L. , Mayol Nanette L. , McDade Thom W. , Kuzawa Christopher W.
Published: April 2017

Objectives

Evidence that fetal development has long‐term impacts on health has increased interest in maternal‐fetal nutrient exchange. Although maternal metabolism is known to change during gestation to accommodate fetal nutrient demands, little is known about these modifications outside of a Western, clinical context. This study characterizes maternal metabolic adaptations to pregnancy, and their associations with offspring birth weight (BW), among women living in the Philippines.

METHODS

Fasting glucose, triglycerides, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin were assessed in 808 participants in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey (Metropolitan Cebu, Philippines). Cross‐sectional relationships between metabolites and hormones and gestational and lactational status were evaluated. Among the subset of currently pregnant women, associations between maternal glucose and triglycerides and offspring BW were also examined.

RESULTS

Women in their second and third trimesters had significantly lower fasting glucose and adiponectin compared to nulliparous women, and leptin levels and triglyceride levels were notably higher late in pregnancy (all P < .05). Among pregnant women, fasting glucose was a positive predictor of offspring BW, but only in males (P = .012, R2 = .28). Hormones and metabolites in post‐partum women trend back toward levels found in nulliparous women, with some differences by breastfeeding status.

CONCLUSIONS

We find evidence for marked changes in maternal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy, consistent with known adaptations to support fetal growth. The finding of sex‐specific relationships between maternal glucose and offspring BW adds to evidence for greater impacts of the maternal‐gestational environment on biology and health in male offspring.
Design of Boronic Acid–Base Complexes as Reusable Homogeneous Catalysts in Dehydrative Condensations between Carboxylic Acids and Amines
Authors: Lu Yanhui , Wang Ke , Ishihara Kazuaki
Published: April 2017

Two novel boronic acid–base complexes were developed as reusable homogeneous catalysts for amide condensation. First, quaternary ammonium resin‐bound boronates were shown to be effective catalysts that might release free boronic acids during reactions and could be regenerated afterwards. Next, a 1:1 mixture of 3,5‐dinitro‐4‐tolueneboronic acid and 4‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)pyridine N‐oxide (DMAPO) or 4‐(N,N,‐dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) cooperatively promoted amide formation and precipitated as an acid–base solid complex after cooling. These inexpensive and reusable complexes may be useful in large‐scale process chemistry.
Mo2B4O9—Connecting Borate and Metal‐Cluster Chemistry
Authors: Schmitt Martin K. , Janka Oliver , Pöttgen Rainer , Benndorf Christopher , de Oliveira Marcos , Eckert Hellmut , Pielnhofer Florian , Tragl Amadeus‐Samuel , Weihrich Richard , Joachim Bastian , Johrendt Dirk , Huppertz Hubert
Published: April 2017

We report on the first thoroughly characterized molybdenum borate, which was synthesized in a high‐pressure/high‐temperature experiment at 12.3 GPa/1300 °C using a Walker‐type multianvil apparatus. Mo2B4O9 incorporates tetrahedral molybdenum clusters into an anionic borate crystal structure—a structural motif that has never been observed before in the wide field of borate crystal chemistry. The six bonding molecular orbitals of the [Mo4] tetrahedron are completely filled with 12 electrons, which are fully delocalized over the four molybdenum atoms. This finding is in agreement with the results of the magnetic measurements, which confirmed the diamagnetic character of Mo2B4O9. The two four‐coordinated boron sites can be differentiated in the 11B MAS‐NMR spectrum because of the strongly different degrees of local distortions. Experimentally obtained IR and Raman bands were assigned to vibrational modes based on DFT calculations.
A Boat‐Shaped Tetracationic Macrocycle with a Semiconducting Organic Framework
Authors: Nguyen Minh T. , Krzyaniak Matthew D. , Owczarek Magdalena , Ferris Daniel P. , Wasielewski Michael R. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: April 2017

We report the synthesis of a tetracationic macrocycle which contains two N,N′‐bis(methylene)naphthalenediimide units inserted in between the pyridinium rings of the bipyridinium units in cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) (CBPQT4+ or “blue box”) and describe the investigation of its potential use in materials for organic electronics. The incorporation of the two naphthalenediimide (NDI) units into the constitution of CBPQT4+, not only changes the supramolecular properties of the tetracation in the solid state, but also has a profound influence on the electrochemical and electronic behavior of the resulting tetracationic macrocycle. In particular, the solid‐state (super)structure, investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, reveals the formation of a three‐dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework with ca. 2.8 nm diameter one‐dimensional (1D) hexagonal channels. Electrochemical studies on solid‐state thin films of the macrocycle show that they exhibit semiconducting properties with a redox‐conductivity of up to 7.6×10−4 S m−1. Moreover, EPR and ENDOR spectroscopies show that charge is equally shared between the NDIs within the one‐electron reduced state of the NDI‐based macrocycle on the time scale of these techniques.
A Modular Approach to Inorganic Phosphazane Macrocycles
Authors: Plajer Alex J. , García‐Rodríguez Raúl , Benson Callum G. M. , Matthews Peter D. , Bond Andrew D. , Singh Sanjay , Gade Lutz H. , Wright Dominic S.
Published: April 2017

Inorganic macrocycles, based on non‐carbon backbones, present exciting synthetic challenges in the systematic assembly of inorganic molecules, as well as new avenues in host–guest and supramolecular chemistry. Here we demonstrate a new high‐yielding modular approach to a broad range of trimeric and hexameric S‐ and Se‐bridged inorganic macrocycles based on cyclophosphazane frameworks, using the building blocks [S=(H)P(μ‐NR)]2. The method involves the in situ generation of the key intermediate [E
(S
)P(μ‐NR)]22−(E=S, Se) dianion, which can be reacted with electrophilic [ClP(μ‐NR)]2 to give PIII/PV hexameric rings or reacted with I2 to give trimeric PV variants. Important issues which are highlighted in this work are the competitive bridging ability of S versus Se in these systems and the synthesis of the first air‐stable and chiral inorganic macrocycles.
A Strong cis‐Effect in an Imidazole‐Imidazolium‐Substituted Alkene
Authors: Georgiou Dayne C. , Haghighatbin Mohammad A. , Hogan Conor F. , Scholz Michael S. , Bull James N. , Bieske Evan J. , Wilson David J. D. , Dutton Jason L.
Published: April 2017

We report the first example of an alkene with two carbon‐bound substituents (imidazole and imidazolium rings) where the Z‐isomer has a greater thermodynamic stability than the E‐isomer which persists in both the gas phase and in solution. Theoretical calculations, solution fluorescence spectroscopy and gas‐phase ion mobility mass spectrometry studies confirm the preference for the Z‐isomer, the stability of which is traced to a non‐covalent interaction between the imidazole lone pair and the imidazolium ring.
Facile one‐pot synthesis of a series of 7‐aryl‐8H‐benzo[h]indeno[1,2‐b]quinoline‐8‐one derivatives catalyzed by cellulose‐based magnetic nanocomposite
Authors: Maleki Ali , Nooraie Yeganeh Narges
Published: April 2017

A sulfonated magnetic cellulose‐based nanocomposite was applied as an efficient, inexpensive and green catalyst for the one‐pot three‐component synthesis of 7‐aryl‐8H‐benzo[h]indeno[1,2‐b]quinoline‐8‐ones starting from 1,3‐indanedione, aromatic aldehydes and 1‐naphthylamine under solvent‐free conditions in high yields (79–98%) within short reaction times (2–5 min). The nanobiostructure catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by using an external magnet and reused several times.
Combined soft lithographic transfer‐printing and patterning method of highly fluorinated polymers as a facile surface treatment protocol
Authors: Lee Da‐Hyeok , Jung Seok‐Heon , Kwon O Jun , Kim Myoung‐Soo , Park Jin‐Seok , Lee Eunhye , Jung Byung Jun , O Beom‐Hoan , Park Se‐Geun , Lee Jin‐Kyun
Published: April 2017

A combined soft lithographic transfer‐printing and patterning method of highly fluorinated polymers was investigated aiming to establish a facile surface treatment protocol for various substrates. Spin‐coated layers of poly(1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyl methacrylate) (PFDMA) on patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds were transfer‐printed successfully on silicon, glass, aluminum substrates, resulting in the well‐controlled production of nano to micrometer‐scale periodic structures. With careful optimization of the dimension and density of the PFDMA patterns, it was possible to achieve a water contact angle as high as 175° on the transfer‐printed highly fluorinated polymer film. One of the advantages of the transfer‐patterning method is that highly fluorinated polymer films can be printed on curved surfaces while retaining their superhydrophobic and corrosion‐prevention character. In addition, the transfer‐printed PFDMA layers on the glass plates showed enhanced light transmission, which led to the extraction of 10% more light when they were applied to the emitting side of green organic light‐emitting devices. The micro‐patterned PFDMA surfaces also exhibited a significantly reduced level of bacterial adhesion when they were incubated in human bile juice. These results strongly suggest that the proposed facile transfer‐patterning protocol of highly fluorinated polymer films can be a suitable surface‐treatment technique for implantable electronic devices that exhibit improved device performance and anti‐biofouling nature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45184.
Teaching neuroanatomy using computer‐aided learning: What makes for successful outcomes?
Authors: Svirko Elena , Mellanby Jane
Published: April 2017

Computer‐aided learning (CAL) is an integral part of many medical courses. The neuroscience course at Oxford University for medical students includes CAL course of neuroanatomy. CAL is particularly suited to this since neuroanatomy requires much detailed three‐dimensional visualization, which can be presented on screen. The CAL course was evaluated using the concept of approach to learning. The aims of university teaching are congruent with the deep approach—seeking meaning and relating new information to previous knowledge—rather than to the surface approach of concentrating on rote learning of detail. Seven cohorts of medical students (N = 869) filled in approach to learning scale and a questionnaire investigating their engagement with the CAL course. The students' scores on CAL‐course‐based neuroanatomy assessment and later university examinations were obtained. Although the students reported less use of the deep approach for the neuroanatomy CAL course than for the rest of their neuroanatomy course (mean = 24.99 vs. 31.49, P < 0.001), deep approach for CAL was positively correlated with neuroanatomy assessment performance (r = 0.12, P < 0.001). Time spent on the CAL course, enjoyment of it, the amount of CAL videos watched and quizzes completed were each significantly positively related to deep approach. The relationship between deep approach and enjoyment was particularly notable (25.5% shared variance). Reported relationships between deep approach and academic performance support the desirability of deep approach in university students. It is proposed that enjoyment of the course and the deep approach could be increased by incorporation of more clinical material which is what the students liked most. Anat Sci Educ 10: 560–569. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Vanadium(V)‐Induced Oxidative Cross‐Coupling of Various Boron and Silyl Enolates
Authors: Amaya Toru , Osafune Yuma , Maegawa Yusuke , Hirao Toshikazu
Published: April 2017

Intermolecular oxidative cross‐coupling of two different enolates is one of the most useful reactions to synthesize unsymmetrical 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds. In this study, the oxovanadium(V)‐induced intermolecular oxidative cross‐coupling of enolates afforded unsymmetrical 1,4‐dicarbonyl compounds. Various boron and silyl enolates underwent the formation of ketone–ester, ester–ketone, ester–ester, amide–ketone and amide–ester coupling products . These results clearly show the versatility of the present oxidative cross‐coupling protocol.
Connected Parking
Authors: Müller Miriam
Published: April 2017

Mit Connected Parking bietet das Technologie‐ und Dienstleistungsunternehmen Bosch smarte Services, um die Parkplatzsuche zu vereinfachen und die daraus resultierenden Folgen zu entschärfen. So wird künftig mit der Hilfe der Services „Aktives Parkraum‐Management” und „Community‐based Parking” ein Blick auf das Navigationsgerät oder das Smartphone genügen, um den nächstgelegenen freien Parkplatz am Straßenrand, auf Parkplätzen oder im Parkhaus zu finden. Ermöglicht wird dies durch größtenteils bereits serienmäßig installierte Fahrzeugsensorik sowie infrastrukturseitig verbaute Bodensensoren, die freie Stellplätze erkennen und zentral sammeln. Parkplatzsuchende erhalten die Informationen über Parklücken in Echtzeit und können so direkt und ohne Umwege zu freien Stellplätzen geführt werden. Hierdurch werden die Parkprobleme im innerstädtischen Raum deutlich vermindert und die Lebensqualität erhöht. Gleichzeitig wird durch die Minderung des Parksuchverkehrs durch die Connected‐Parking‐Services der Ausstoß von Fahrzeugemissionen in der Stadt reduziert.

Im Zuge des „Automated Valet Parking” erfolgt der Einparkvorgang voll automatisiert und fahrerlos. Der Parkplatzsuchende gibt hierbei sein Auto an der Einfahrt zu Parkplätzen oder Parkhäusern ab und lässt es mithilfe der intelligenten Infrastruktur selbstständig zum freien Parkplatz fahren und parken. Hiervon profitieren zudem die Parkraumbetreiber durch die Effizienzsteigerung der vorhandenen Parkräume, da signifikant mehr Fahrzeuge auf derselben Fläche untergebracht werden können.
Anwendung von reaktiven Brandschutzsystemen im Stahlbau
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Tabeling Florian , Weisheim Waldemar
Published: April 2017

Im Bestreben nach schlanken und architektonisch ansprechenden Konstruktionen finden reaktive Brandschutzsysteme eine stetig zunehmende Anwendung im Stahlbau. Durch ihre geringen Beschichtungsdicken ermöglichen die Brandschutzsysteme das Aufrechterhalten des filigranen Erscheinungsbilds der Stahlkonstruktionen bei gleichzeitiger Einhaltung der Brandschutzanforderungen. Während noch vor einigen Jahren die Anwendung der Brandschutzsysteme ausschließlich auf Druckstäbe und biegebeanspruchte Bauteile beschränkt war, haben aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten national zu einer Erweiterung des Anwendungsbereichs geführt. Da die Verwendbarkeit der reaktiven Brandschutzsysteme derzeit in Deutschland durch nationale und europäische Zulassungen geregelt ist, stehen den Herstellern unterschiedliche Optionen zur Verfügung, ihre Produkte dem Markt zugänglich zu machen. Im vorliegenden Artikel werden die Unterschiede der beiden Zulassungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt und eine Übersicht über die Nachweismöglichkeiten für mit reaktiven Brandschutzsystemen beschichteten Stahlbauteilen im Brandfall gegeben, die im Eurocode 3 Teil 1‐2 geregelt sind.
Fluorescence‐based sensor for selective and sensitive detection of amoxicillin (Amox) in aqueous medium: Application to pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
Authors: Pawar Samadhan P. , Walekar Laxman S. , Gunjal Dattatray B. , Dalavi Dattatray K. , Gore Anil H. , Anbhule Prashant V. , Patil Shivajirao R. , Kolekar Govind B.
Published: April 2017

We here for the first time demonstrate an analytical approach for the highly selective and sensitive detection of amoxicillin (Amox) in aqueous medium based on the fluorescence quenching of quantum dots (QDs). The change in fluorescence intensity of mercaptopropionic acid‐capped cadmium sulphide (MPA‐CdS) QDs is attributed to the increasing concentration of Amox. The results show that the fluorescence quenching of QDs by Amox takes place through both static and dynamic types of quenching mechanism. The fluorescence quenching of QDs with increase in concentration of Amox shows the linear range between 5 μg ml−1 and 30 μg ml−1 and the limit of detection (LOD) is 5.19 μg ml−1. There is no interference of excipients, which are commonly present in pharmaceutical formulation and urine samples. For the practical application approach, the developed method has been successfully applied for the determination of Amox in pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples with acceptable results.
Highly sensitive HPLC method for the determination of galantamine in human plasma and urine through derivatization with dansyl chloride using fluorescence detector
Authors: Özdemir Elif , Tatar Ulu Sevgi
Published: April 2017

A new method based on fluorescence derivatization with 5‐(dimethylamino) naphthalene‐1‐sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride) was developed for the quantitative determination of galantamine in human plasma and urine using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The reaction between galantamine and dansyl chloride was optimally realized in 30 min at room temperature and pH 10.5, with a reagent to galantamine molar ratio of 2.13. The derivative was extracted with dichloromethane, and the extract was dried under a nitrogen stream and dissolved in the mobile phase. Chromatographic analysis was performed with an Inertsil C18 column and a mobile phase comprising 40% acetonitrile and 60% 10 mM o‐phosphoric acid, 1.2 ml/min. The injection volume was 20 μl. The derivatives were detected with a fluorescence detector (excitation 375 nm/emission 537 nm). The retention time for the dansyl derivative of galantamine was 16.8 min. Linearity was observed between 125 and 2000 ng/ml in water, urine and plasma. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the developed method were 6.27–70.99 and 18.81–212.97 ng/ml, respectively. Per cent recovery was calculated as 95.15 for urine and 95.78 for plasma. Interday repeatability values for urine and plasma samples (n = 6) at three different concentrations were calculated as a per cent relative standard deviation of 0.24–0.59 and 0.35–0.56. The corresponding per cent relative standard deviation values for intraday repeatability were 0.13–0.51 and 0.04–0.15, respectively.
Glycosyltransferase cascades for natural product glycosylation: Use of plant instead of bacterial sucrose synthases improves the UDP‐glucose recycling from sucrose and UDP
Authors: Gutmann Alexander , Lepak Alexander , Diricks Margo , Desmet Tom , Nidetzky Bernd
Published: April 2017

Natural product glycosylations by Leloir glycosyltransferases (GTs) require expensive nucleotide‐activated sugars as substrates. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) converts sucrose and uridine 5'‐diphosphate (UDP) into UDP‐glucose. Coupling of SuSy and GT reactions in one‐pot cascade transformations creates a UDP cycle, which regenerates the UDP‐glucose continuously and so makes it an expedient donor for glucoside production. Here we compare SuSys with divergent kinetic characteristics for UDP‐glucose recycling in the synthesis of the natural C‐glucoside nothofagin. Development of a fast reversed‐phase ion‐pairing HPLC method, quantifying all relevant reactants from the coupled conversion in a single run, was key to dissect the main factors of recycling efficiency. Limitations due to high KM, both for UDP and sucrose, were revealed for the bacterial SuSy from Acidithiobacillus caldus. The L637M‐T640V double mutant of this SuSy with a 60‐fold reduced KM for UDP substantially improved UDP‐glucose recycling. The SuSy from Glycine max (soybean) was nevertheless the most active enzyme at the UDP (≤ 0.5 mM) and sucrose (≤ 1 M) concentrations used. It was also unexpectedly stable at up to 50°C where spontaneous decomposition of UDP‐glucose started to become problematic. The herein gained in‐depth understanding of requirements for UDP‐glucose regeneration supports development of efficient GT‐SuSy cascades.
UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS‐based screening and characterization of metabolites of cnidilin in human liver microsomes
Authors: Yuan Lin , Zhang Yuqian , Liao Man , Liu Yanyan , Wan Changchen , Zhang Lantong
Published: April 2017

Cnidilin is an active natural furocoumarin ingredient originating from well‐known traditional Chinese medicine Radix Angelicae Dahuricae. In the present study, an efficient approach was developed for the screening and identification of cnidilin metabolites using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. In this approach, an on‐line data acquisition method multiple mass defect filter combined with dynamic background subtraction was developed to trace all probable metabolites. Based on this analytical strategy, a total of 24 metabolites of cnidilin were detected in human liver microsomal incubation samples and the metabolic pathways were proposed. The results indicated that oxidation was the main biotransformation route for cnidilin in human liver microsomes. In addition, the specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes involved in the metabolism of cnidilin were identified using chemical inhibition and CYP recombinant enzymes. The results showed that CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 might be the major enzymes involved in the metabolism of cnidilin in human liver microsomes. The relationship between cnidilin and the CYP450 enzymes could provide us a theoretical basis of the pharmacological mechanism.
ALET: Agents Learning their Environment through Text
Authors: Balint J. Timothy , Allbeck Jan
Published: April 2017

For intelligent virtual humans to interact in a rich environment, connections between the usable actions and objects must be defined. For scenarios consisting of hundreds of object types and many actions, having a simulation author create these connections by hand becomes and difficult. This limitation causes the simulation to have only a few object connections, whereas the rest of the objects are static and cannot be acted upon. Automated methods to connect objects to actions are promising but incomplete as they still miss key interactions and are unable to determine important characteristics of each action such as the manner of the action. We present Agents Learning their Environment through Text (ALET) to connect graphical objects to actions and provide an understanding of the actions. Observing that text contains descriptions of actions and connections to objects, ALET leverages large text corpora, and knowledge bases to provide candidate connections and descriptions for the actions and objects available in a simulation. The candidate connections and descriptions populate a representation that describes the graphical models and animations. We test ALET against other semantic generation methods, and find it more accurately determines object roles in actions, as well as determines semantic information about the action.
A comparative study of k‐nearest neighbour techniques in crowd simulation
Authors: Vermeulen Jordi L. , Hillebrand Arne , Geraerts Roland
Published: April 2017

The k‐nearest neighbour (kNN) problem appears in many different fields of computer science, such as computer animation and robotics. In crowd simulation, kNN queries are typically used by a collision‐avoidance method to prevent unnecessary computations. Many different methods for finding these neighbours exist, but it is unclear which will work best in crowd simulations, an application which is characterised by low dimensionality and frequent change of the data points. We therefore compare several data structures for performing kNN queries. We find that the nanoflann implementation of a k‐d tree offers the best performance by far on many different scenarios, processing 100,000 agents in about 35 ms on a fast consumer PC.
Headaches: Breaking the pain cycle with a behavioral rehabilitation model of treatment
Authors: Pelletier Heather
Published: April 2017

Headache is one of the most common complaints of children and adolescents. Although annoying and inconvenient, most headache pain resolves with rest, hydration, or aspirin. For some, however, headache pain can persist and even become intractable, meaning that it is difficult to treat or fails to respond to standard headache treatments.