bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BRCA1 haploinsufficiency impairs iron metabolism to promote chrysotile‐induced mesothelioma via ferroptosis resistance
Authors: Luo Yaguang , Akatsuka Shinya , Motooka Yashiro , Kong Yingyi , Zheng Hao , Mashimo Tomoji , Imaoka Tatsuhiko , Toyokuni Shinya
Published: December 2022

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is still a social burden associated with asbestos exposure. Local iron accumulation thereby represents the major pathogenesis, followed by oxidative DNA strand breaks and genomic alterations in the mesothelium. BRCA1 is a critical component of homologous recombination repair directed to DNA double‐stranded breaks, whereas BRCA1 germline mutation is an established risk for breast/ovarian cancer, its role in MM development remains to be elucidated. Murine Brca1 mutant models so far have not reproduced human phenotypes. However, a rat Brca1 mutant model (Mut; L63X/+ ) recently reproduced them at least partially. Here we describe the differential induction of MM in Brca1 mutant rats by intraperitoneal injection of chrysotile or crocidolite. Only Mut males injected with chrysotile revealed a promotional effect on mesothelial carcinogenesis in comparison with wild‐type and/or females, with all the MMs Brca1 haploinsufficient. Array‐based comparative genomic hybridization of MMs disclosed a greater extent of chromosomal deletions in Brca1 mutants, including Cdkn2a/2b accompanied by Tfr2 amplification, in comparison with wild‐type tumors. Mutant MMs indicated iron metabolism dysregulation, such as an increase in catalytic Fe(II) and Ki67‐index as well as a decrease in Fe(III) and ferritin expression. Simultaneously, mutant MMs revealed ferroptosis resistance by upregulation of Slc7A11 and Gpx4. At an early carcinogenic stage of 4 weeks, induced Brca1 expression in mesothelial cells was significantly suppressed in chrysotile/Mut in comparison with crocidolite/Mut, whereas significant preference to iron with a decrease in Fe(III) has been already established. In conclusion, chrysotile exposure can be a higher risk for MM in BRCA1 mutant males, considering the rat results.
Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and maternal diabetes: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Ru , Yu Tsung , Lien Yueh‐Ju , Chou Yen‐Yin , Kuo Pao‐Lin
Published: December 2022

Aim

To assess the risk of a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Method

This retrospective cohort study included 877 233 singletons born between 2004 and 2008 in Taiwan. Children were followed up to 2015 for diagnoses of NDDs, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental delay, intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy/infantile spasms using health insurance claims data. We performed Cox regression models to estimate the relative risks of NDDs associated with maternal diabetes. Covariates included parental age, year of birth, child sex, family income, urbanization level, hypertensive disorder, and preterm delivery status.

Results

In utero there were 338 (0.04%) children exposed to T1DM, 8749 (1.00%) to T2DM, and 90 200 (10.28%) to GDM. The effect of T1DM on NDDs was the largest, followed by T2DM, then GDM. T1DM was associated with an increased risk of developmental delay, intellectual disability, and epilepsy/intellectual spasms in offspring. T2DM was associated with an increased risk of ASD, ADHD, developmental delay, intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy/intellectual spasms. GDM was associated with an increased risk of ASD, ADHD, and developmental delay.

Interpretation

Maternal diabetes during pregnancy, including T1DM, T2DM, and GDM, is associated with an increased risk of some NDDs in offspring.
Early type 2 diabetes treatment intensification with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in primary care: An Australian perspective on guidelines and the global evidence
Authors: Rasalam Roy , Abdo Sarah , Deed Gary , O'Brien Richard , Overland Jane
Published: December 2022

Early and intensive management of type 2 diabetes has been shown to delay disease progression, reduce the risk of cardiorenal complications and prolong time to treatment failure. Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) are being increasingly recognized for their potential in early disease management, with recent guideline updates recommending second‐line use of this injectable drug class alongside oral glucose‐lowering drugs. GLP‐1RAs target at least six of the eight core defects implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and offer significant glycaemic and weight‐related improvements over other second‐line agents in head‐to‐head trials. In addition, placebo‐controlled clinical trials have shown cardiovascular protection with GLP‐1RA use. Even so, this therapeutic class is underused in primary care, largely owing to clinical inertia and patient‐related barriers to early intensification with GLP‐1RAs. Fortunately, clinicians can overcome barriers to treatment acceptance through patient education and training, and management of treatment expectations. In this review we comment on global and Australian guideline updates and evidence in support of early intensification with this therapeutic class, and provide clinicians with practical advice for GLP‐1RA use in primary care.
Simulated skill complexity and perceived cognitive load during preclinical dental training
Authors: Al‐Saud Loulwa M.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Cognitive Load theory (CLT) focuses on the information processing aspect of learning and how the working memory handles the mental effort associated with new task. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between the perceived cognitive load and performance amongst dental students during preclinical simulation training at various levels of procedural task complexity. Additionally, some cognitive load‐modifying factors were examined.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional study evaluated the perceived cognitive load amongst second‐year dental students (n = 34), using the validated National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Task Load Index (NASA TLX index) after training on four dental tasks at two levels of complexity, in addition to structured online anonymous questionnaire about demographics, feedback and performance. The NASA TLX raw scores and the weighted global score were calculated for each exercise. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlations between performance and the corresponding NASA TLX‐weighted score were calculated. Mean differences in the perceived cognitive load across the exercise levels were assessed using RM‐ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections at p < .05.

Results

Reduced performance was significantly associated with higher cognitive load particularly in high complexity dental task (class II—mirror vision). Simulated exercise complexity significantly influenced the students' perceived mental demand, physical demand and temporal demand; all were significantly higher for class II‐ mirror vision task than for direct vision tasks. The majority of participants (82.1%) preferred detailed feedback from instructors, and more than half of the participants (60.7%) preferred continuous feedback throughout the training session.

Conclusion

Complex dental tasks are associated with higher cognitive load in novice dental students during preclinical training. The NASA TLX index is a useful instrument to explore the level of perceived cognitive load associated with performance of simulated complex dental skills. Cognitive load theory is relevant to simulation‐based dental education to improve the preclinical instructional efficiency and to enhance students learning.
Residual stress effects on fatigue crack growth in different regions of aluminum alloy 7050 friction stir weld
Authors: Jin Yuhua , Ma Yueming , Chen Yongsheng , Wang Xijing , Guo Tingbiao
Published: December 2022

Different distribution of residual stress in each microregion of the joint had an intensely significant influence on the fatigue crack growth. The friction stir welding (FSW) finite element model was developed. The residual stress was imported to the fracture mechanical model by the submodel technique. The residual Krs (stress intensity factor from residual stress) approaches were used to predict the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) in different regions of aluminum alloy 7050 friction stir welded joints. The FRANC3D in conjunction with ABAQUS, the M‐integral method was used to calculate Krs, considering the effect of Krs on the effective stress ratio, the Paris–Walker formula was used to predict the FCGR in different regions of the FSW joints. The predicting results and experimental values aligned with the better, demonstrating that the established model could accurately predict the FCGR in different regions of the FSW joints.
‘It's like a never‐ending diabetes youth camp’: Co‐designing a digital social network for young people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Ramfelt Kerstin , Andersson Gäre Boel , Andersson Ann‐Christine , Petersson Christina
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Living with a chronic condition such as type 1 diabetes (T1D) affects everyday life and support from others experiencing a similar situation can be helpful. A way to receive such support is to use an online network where people can connect and share experiences. Research has described the benefits of using such tools for connecting patients. The aim of this study was to describe the co‐design of a social network for young people with T1D and to describe their experiences when using this network.

Methods

A co‐design approach was used, following three steps adapted from Sanders and Stappers (2008). In all, 36 adolescents with T1D participated. Data in the form of recordings and notes from telephone interviews, workshops and focus groups were collected and then analysed using content analysis. Numerical data from the digital platform were also used.

Findings

For the interpersonal values, supporting, learning and relating to emerge, the framework of the network must be appealing and user‐friendly. The limits of time and place are eliminated, and there is a possibility for many more to join in.

Conclusion

Co‐design ensures that what stakeholders think is important forms the basis for the design. The interpersonal values that are promoted are ones that only the exchange of lived knowledge and experience can generate. It is complementary to the support that healthcare professionals can offer; thus, this kind of social network is important for improved, coproduced care.

Patient or Public Contribution

The participants in the present study were persons living with T1D. They were active co‐creators from the start to the end. An adult person with experience of living with T1D was involved as an advisor in the research team when drafting the manuscript.
Assessing the quality of YouTube™ videos on fixed dental implant home‐care and maintenance protocols
Authors: Özişçi Özlem
Published: December 2022

Objectives

The implant's supporting structure differs from that of the teeth when plaque accumulates, making it more prone to inflammation and bone loss. To ensure the implant's longevity, an effective maintenance protocol should be followed. This study aimed to evaluate the information on oral hygiene procedures at home for implant‐supported fixed prosthesis.

Methods

The keywords ‘cleaning dental implant,’ ‘how to clean dental implant,’ and ‘dental implant hygiene’ used to search for videos on YouTube™. Following the exclusions, two researchers independently analysed the remaining 100 videos for demographic data and content usefulness.

Results

In terms of usefulness score distribution, 53.52% of the videos were considered slightly useful, 38.4% moderately useful and 8.1% very useful. The video content had the least quantity of knowledge about toothpaste choice (11.1%), but the greatest quantity of knowledge on flossing (68.7%).

Conclusions

According to the study's findings, there is presently no evidence‐based information on YouTube™ on dental implant oral hygiene protocols for home care procedures hygiene education. Therefore, dental care professionals should analyse the information's quality and reliability before recommending it to patients.
Smartphone‐based infrared thermography to assess progress in thoracic surgical incision healing: A preliminary study
Authors: Li Fanfan , Wang Min , Wang Ting , Wang Xiaolan , Ma Xiaoli , He Hua , Ma Guojing , Zhao Dan , Yue Qin , Wang Panpan , Ma Minjie
Published: December 2022

Immediate assessment of surgical incisions is an important component of wound management, and the development of relevant technologies has the potential to address these challenges. Smartphone‐based handheld thermal imagers can collect infrared radiation from the skin to monitor local blood perfusion and metabolic levels in incisions. Here, we used this imaging technology for early assessment of healing progress and potential for predicting the healing status of thoracic surgical incisions. Thermal image acquisition and temperature extraction were performed on 40 patients for 7 consecutive days postoperatively, and visualised early warning information was observed, with temperature and temperature readings showing non‐linear trajectory changes during the measurement period, and temperature readings on day 4 achieving high prediction of healing status at 1–2 months capability with sensitivities and specificities of 91.67% and 85.71%, respectively, suggesting a promising clinical application of portable thermography for assessing incision healing dynamics and providing a scientific basis for later artificial intelligence‐driven decision algorithms.
Effect of Ketone Bodies on the Mitogenic Response of Bovine Milk Lymphocytes*
Authors: Kluciński W. , Miernik‐Degórska E. , Degórski A. , Targowski S. , Winnicka A.
Published: December 2022

The effect of increasing concentrations of beta‐hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone on the activity in vitro of T‐lymphocytes isolated from milk and peripheral blood was studied, using cells obtained from 25 clinically healthy cows.

The activity of milk and peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined by incorporation of 3H‐ labelled thymidine into these cells after stimulation with mitogens (PHA and Con A).

It was found that beta‐hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate in concentrations from 0.1 to 4.8mmol/l significantly inhibited the blastic transformation of milk and blood T‐lymphocytes stimulated with PHA or Con A.

Increasing concentrations of acetone had no significant effect on the activity of milk or blood T‐ lymphocytes.
Prevalence and associations of fatigue in childhood atopic dermatitis: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rangel Stephanie M. , Kim Theodore , Sheth Anjani , Blumstein Alli , Lai Jin‐Shei , Cella David , Paller Amy S. , Silverberg Jonathan I.
Published: December 2022

Background

Fatigue is a symptom that can negatively impact patients' quality of life. However, the relationship of AD with fatigue has not been fully studied, especially in children.

Objective

To determine the prevalence of fatigue in AD patients, and whether AD severity, demographics and comorbidities are associated with increased fatigue in children.

Methods

A cross‐sectional observational study was performed among 248 children with AD. Paediatric patients (ages 8–17 years) and parents (of children ages 0–17 years) completed a questionnaire, including demographics, history of atopic comorbidities and validated severity measures of AD, itch, pain, sleep disturbance, sleep‐related impairment and fatigue. AD severity was also assessed by clinician‐reported Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Scoring AD (SCORAD) and Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA). Fatigue was assessed using Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric Fatigue T‐score.

Results

Most children with AD had no (38.6%) or mild (32.1%) fatigue, with fewer having moderate (27.2%) or severe (2%) fatigue. Moderate/severe PROMIS Pediatric fatigue T‐scores were increased with moderate (25.7%/1.4%) and severe (39.3%/5.4%) IGA vs. mild IGA (18.0%/0.0%) and those with 5–6 (44.4%/0.0%) and 7 (44.2%/5.2%) nights of SD from eczema. Moderate–severe PROMIS Pediatric Fatigue T‐scores were associated with history of hay fever (adjusted OR [95% Cl]: 2.803 [1.395–5.632]) and family income (<$100,000: 3.049 [1.294–7.181]), but inversely with Black (0.40 [0.168–0.969]) and AAPI (0.285 [0.094–0.859]) race. In multivariable regression models controlling for demographic factors, PROMIS Pediatric Fatigue T‐score was significant with more severe scores for IGA, POEM, EASI, SCORAD, NRS‐itch, SCORAD‐itch, average itch in the past 7 days, PROMIS Pediatric Pain severity, PROMIS Pediatric SD, PROMIS Pediatric SRI, SCORAD‐sleep and more frequent SD from AD.

Conclusions

Fatigue is a common yet underappreciated symptom in children with AD, particularly those with moderate–severe AD, and warrants more attention in clinical practice and trials.
Rehabilitation of long‐term mandibular defects by whole‐process digital fibula flap combining with implants: A case report
Authors: Li Jian , Li Xue , Ma Kai , Sun Jian , Bai Na , Liu Yanshan
Published: December 2022

Currently, the gold standard and workhorse in mandibular reconstruction is the free vascularized fibula flap. Particularly for patients who have had mandibulectomy for a long time, it is still difficult to precisely reconstruct the mandibular contour and successfully restore the patient's chewing function and esthetics. For the restoration and rehabilitation of long‐term mandibular abnormalities, three‐dimensional (3D) virtual surgical planning (VSP) and 3D‐printed surgical guides are essential. Digital design and manufacturing were used to improve the accuracy of prostheses and facilitate occlusal reconstruction. Therefore, equipped with the methods of 3D VSP, 3D‐printed surgical guides, free vascularized fibular flap, and immediate dental implants, this clinical report provides a feasible solution for mandibular reconstruction.
The presence of high‐risk varices after sclerotherapy in biliary atresia
Authors: Yokoyama Shinya , Ishizu Yoji , Honda Takashi , Imai Norihiro , Ito Takanori , Yamamoto Kenta , Shirota Chiyoe , Tainaka Takahisa , Sumida Wataru , Makita Satoshi , Takimoto Aitaro , Nakagawa Yoichi , Takada Shunya , Ishigami Masatoshi , Uchida Hiroo , Kawashima Hiroki
Published: December 2022

Background

Esophagogastric varices (EGVs) may develop as a result of portal hypertension in children with biliary atresia (BA). Although endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) with ethanolamine oleate (EO) is reported useful for children, risk factors associated with the presence of high‐risk EGVs after treatment remain unknown.

Methods

The subjects were BA patients under 15 years of age who underwent EO‐EIS. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 28 treatment sessions of EGVs with red signs and those larger than F2, which were considered to be at high risk of bleeding. Survival analysis was performed for the presence of high‐risk EGVs at the time of follow‐up endoscopy as the occurrence of an event.

Results

Univariate analysis showed a significantly increased risk of the presence of high‐risk EGVs post‐EO‐EIS in patients with increased liver stiffness (LS) and Mac‐2 binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi), with hazard ratios of 1.48 and 1.15, respectively. The median presence‐free period was significantly shorter in the LS ≥ 2.8 m/s patients than in those with LS <2.8 m/s (189 vs. 266 days). Similarly, the median presence‐free period was significantly shorter in patients with M2BPGi ≥ 4.0 than in those with M2BPGi < 4.0 (182 vs. 203 days). The results of multivariate analysis revealed that the risk of the presence of high‐risk EGVs was significantly higher only in the high‐LS group, with a hazard ratio of 2.76.

Conclusions

Increased LS is associated with risk of the presence of high‐risk EGVs following EO‐EIS in children with BA.
Impact of residential PTSD treatment on suicide risk in veterans
Authors: Pease James L. , Martin Colleen E. , Rowe Claire , Chard Kathleen M.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

In 2019, 17 veterans died by suicide every day. Various suicide prevention treatments have emerged, yet limited research has explored the impact of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) treatment on suicidal ideation and behaviors.

Methods

This study examines the impact of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) on suicidal ideation among veterans in three residential PTSD programs (women's, men's, and PTSD/Traumatic Brain Injury). Interview and self‐report data were collected from veterans (n = 446) throughout treatment.

Results

Over 50% of veterans reported current suicidal ideation and a history of suicide attempts prior to treatment. Variables that predicted change in suicidal ideation included prior suicide attempt (β = 0.21, p = 0.022), change in CAPS‐5 total score (β = 0.28, p = 0.038), employment status (β = −0.20, p = 0.035) and history of suicide attempt (β = 0.25, p = 0.009). Those without a previous suicide attempt made greater gains in CPT treatment than those with a previous suicide attempt.

Conclusion

Following 7 weeks of CPT residential treatment, a decrease in PTSD symptoms was significantly associated with a reduction in suicidal ideation. Implications are that CPT can reduce suicide risk in a variety of Veteran cohorts with differing trauma types.
A Cognitive View of the Legend of “EL DORADO”
Authors: Cassella Antonio
Published: December 2022

The classical 1st attention spared in autism, the quantum 2nd attention hurt in it, and the classical-quantum blend (or 3rd attention) hurt in madness are echoed by the legend of El Dorado—the Colombian Muisca coated with gold dust who released it after sailing to and diving into the center of Lake Guatavita[1]. El Dorado suggests that nature re-creates finiteness (1st) through infinity (2nd) in nothingness (3rd). That vision makes the “logos heuristics.” El Dorado, logos, Leonardo da Vinci’s mural “Fight for the Standard,” Alfred Wegener’s 1915 drift of continents, and plate tectonics tell us that Sir Walter Raleigh never wrote Shakespeare’s plays (e.g., “The Merchant of Venice”). They also tell us that climatic avalanches can be barred by a Third Rome assembly, built at the very least by the USA, Ukraine, and Russia (Hitler’s nemeses). The Third-Rome should follow a Cincinnatus[2] as wily as was in the 9th century the Viking St. Olga, her grandson St. Vladimir/Volodymyr, her Norse father-in-law Riúrik, or his great-grandson Yaroslav the Wise.[1] The nothingness at the center of a circle/cross makes a shut door in the 2nd and an open door into the 3rd attention.[2] Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus was a retired and mythical short-term dictator in the early Roman Republic.
Mechanisms of DNA opening revealed in AAA+ transcription complex structures
Authors: Ye Fuzhou , Gao Forson , Liu Xiaojiao , Buck Martin , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: December 2022

Gene transcription is carried out by RNA polymerase (RNAP) and requires the conversion of the initial closed promoter complex, where DNA is double stranded, to a transcription-competent open promoter complex, where DNA is opened up. In bacteria, RNAP relies on σ factors for its promoter specificities. Using a special form of sigma factor (σ
54
), which forms a stable closed complex and requires its activator that belongs to the AAA+ ATPases (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities), we obtained cryo–electron microscopy structures of transcription initiation complexes that reveal a previously unidentified process of DNA melting opening. The σ
54
amino terminus threads through the locally opened up DNA and then becomes enclosed by the AAA+ hexameric ring in the activator-bound intermediate complex. Our structures suggest how ATP hydrolysis by the AAA+ activator could remove the σ
54
inhibition while helping to open up DNA, using σ
54
amino-terminal peptide as a pry bar.
Testing the delivery of human organ transportation with drones in the real world
Authors: Sage Andrew T. , Cypel Marcelo , Cardinal Mikael , Qiu Jimmy , Humar Atul , Keshavjee Shaf
Published: December 2022

Last-mile transportation of human donor lungs in a densely populated urban environment has been made possible with drones.
Answer to December 2022 Photo Quiz
Authors: Herrera Lauren Nicholas , Hooper Kaitlyn , Ahmed Hana , Hofmann Jo , Cardwell Leah A. , Elston Carly A. , Pavlidakey Peter , Muzny Christina
Published: December 2022

Read the full article for the answer.
Identification and Characterization of Corynaridin, a Novel Linaridin from Corynebacterium lactis
Authors: Pashou Efthimia , Reich Sebastian J. , Reiter Alexander , Weixler Dominik , Eikmanns Bernhard J. , Oldiges Marco , Riedel Christian U. , Goldbeck Oliver
Published: December 2022

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria to fend off competitors in ecological niches and are considered to be important factors influencing the composition of microbial communities. However, bacteriocin production by bacteria of the genus
Corynebacterium
has been a hitherto neglected trait, although its species are ubiquitous in nature and make up large parts of the microbiome of humans and animals.
New Insights into the Lactic Acid Resistance Determinants of Listeria monocytogenes Based on Transposon Sequencing and Transcriptome Sequencing Analyses
Authors: Liu Xiayu , Pang Xinxin , Wu Yansha , Wu Yajing , Xu Linan , Chen Qihe , Niu Jianrui , Zhang Xinglin
Published: December 2022

Listeria monocytogenes
is a Gram-positive foodborne pathogen with high lethality and strong stress resistance, and its strong acid tolerance leads to many foodborne illnesses occurring in low-pH foods. Lactic acid is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food additive approved for use by the FDA.
Umifenovir Epigenetically Targets the
IL-10
Pathway in Therapy against Coxsackievirus B4 Infection
Authors: Zhang Shilin , Xue Xiao , Qiao Sennan , Jia Lin , Wen Xue , Wang Yichen , Wang Cong , Li Hongrui , Cui Jiuwei
Published: December 2022

Viral infections are major threats to human health because of their strong association with a variety of inflammation-related diseases, especially cancer. Many antiviral drugs are performing poorly in treating viral infections.
Efficacy of probiotics in the management of halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Nengwen , Li Jinjin , Qiao Xianghe , Wu Yongzhi , Liu Yunkun , Wu Chenzhou , Li Longjiang
Published: December 2022

Background

Halitosis is defined as a foul odour emitted from the oral cavity. Many interventions have been used to control halitosis from mouthwashes to chewing gums. Probiotics have been reported as an alternative method to alleviate halitosis.

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on halitosis from a time perspective.

Design and methods

This is a meta-analysis study performed in indexed databases up to February 2021. Randomised controlled trials that compared the effects of probiotics and placebo on primary outcomes (organoleptic (OLP) scores and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels) and secondary outcomes (tongue coating scores (TCS) and plaque index (PI)) were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Publication bias and leave-one-out analyses were performed.

Results

The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were calculated to synthesise data. The data were subgrouped and analysed in the short term (≤4 weeks) and long term (>4 weeks) based on the follow-up time. Seven articles were included in this meta-analysis. The primary outcomes, OLP scores (SMD=−0.58; 95% CI −0.87 to –0.30, p<0.0001) and VSC levels (SMD=−0.26; 95% CI −0.51 to –0.01, p=0.04), both decreased significantly in the probiotics group compared with the placebo group in the short term. However, a significant reduction was observed only in OLP scores (SMD=−0.45; 95% CI −0.85 to –0.04, p=0.03) in the long term. No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes. There was no evidence of publication bias. The leave-one-out analysis confirmed that the pooled estimate was stable.

Conclusions

According to the results of this work, it seems that probiotics (eg,Lactobacillus salivarius,Lactobacillus reuteri,Streptococcus salivariusandWeissella cibaria) may relieve halitosis in the short term (≤4 weeks). The results of the biased assessment, limited data and heterogeneity of the clinical trials included might reduce the reliability of the conclusions.
Targeting of colorectal cancer organoids with zoledronic acid conjugated to the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab
Authors: Benelli Roberto , Costa Delfina , Salvini Laura , Tardito Samuele , Tosetti Francesca , Villa Federico , Zocchi Maria Raffaella , Poggi Alessandro
Published: December 2022

Background

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are essential therapeutic options to treat solid and hematological cancers. The anti-epidermal growth factor-receptor (EGFR) antibody cetuximab (Cet) is used for the therapy of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Anti-CRC Vδ2 cytolytic T lymphocytes can be elicited by the priming of tumor cells with the aminobisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) and consequent presentation of isopentenyl pyrophosphates through butyrophilin (BTN) family members such as BTN3A1 and BTN2A1. A major drawback that impairs the targeting of ZA to CRC is the bone tropism of aminobisphosphonates.

Methods

The phosphoric group of ZA was linked to free amino groups of Cet in the presence of imidazole following the labeling of phosphoric groups of DNA to amino groups of proteins. The generation of Cet-ZA ADC was confirmed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry analysis. Thirteen CRC organoids were obtained with a chemically defined serum-free medium in Geltrex domes. Proliferation and activation of cytolytic activity against CRC organoids by Vδ2 T cells was detected with flow cytometry, crystal violet and cytotoxic probe assays and image analysis. Immunohistochemistry and quantification of BTN3A1 or BTN2A1 expression and the number of tumor infiltrating Vδ2 T cells in CRC were performed by automatic immunostaining, whole slide scanning and computerized analysis of digital pathology imaging.

Results

The novel ADC Cet-ZA was generated with a drug antibody ratio of 4.3 and displayed a reactivity similar to the unconjugated antibody. More importantly, patient-derived CRC organoids, or CRC tumor cell suspensions, could trigger the expansion of Vδ2 T cells from peripheral blood and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes when primed with Cet-ZA. Furthermore, Cet-ZA triggered Vδ2 T cell-mediated killing of CRC organoids. The expression of BTN3A1 and BTN2A1 was detected not only in CRC organoids but also in CRC specimens, together with a considerable amount of tumor infiltrating Vδ2 T cells.

Conclusions

These findings are proof of concept that the Cet-ZA ADC can be used to target specifically CRC organoids and may suggest a new experimental approach to deliver aminobisphosphonates to EGFR+solid tumors.
Incremental value of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction treated with sacubitril/valsartan
Authors: Benini Annachiara , Bingel Anne , Neumann Konrad , Edelmann Frank , Schönrath Felix , Pieske Burkert , Messroghli Daniel
Published: December 2022

Aims

We investigated the incremental advantage in terms of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) reduction in patients affected by heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) treated with sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) versus patients treated with S/V only.

Methods

Consecutive adult patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤40% who were followed in our outpatient clinic from January 2016 to December 2019 and treated with S/V were analysed.

Results

Out of eligible 147 patients, 99 were treated with S/V+MRA at baseline and 48 patients were treated with S/V. Patients treated with S/V+MRA were significantly younger (61.5 vs 67.8 years, p=0.006), had better basal renal function (serum creatinine 1.2 vs 1.4 mg/dL, p=0.006) and lower LVEF (30.9% vs 33.1%, p=0.039). At follow-up at 8–16 months, 84 out of 99 patients continued to be on S/V+MRA, and 39 out of 48 patients continued to be on S/V. Between these two groups, at follow-up, LVEF did not vary significantly, ΔNT-proBNP was not significantly different (−215.7 vs −165.9 pg/mL, p=0.93) and neither was the rate of hospitalisation for heart failure (9.5% vs 12.8%, p=0.58). Using general linear models, both age and basal NT-proBNP influenced significantly ΔNT-proBNP (respectively, p=0.002; p=0.005), while treatment with S/V+MRA versus S/V only did not significantly influence ΔNT-proBNP (p=0.462).

Conclusion

Even with the limitations of a small retrospective study, our results generate the hypothesis that MRA might not provide any additional value in patients with HFrEF treated with S/V. Larger studies are needed to test if MRA should remain a standard treatment in patients with HFrEF treated with S/V.
Effect of electric field on the second- and third-harmonic generation of “12–6” tuned GaAs/AlGaAs double quantum well
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hai , Song Zhi-Yue , Yuan Jian-Hui , Li Su-Li
Published: December 2022

The nonlinear second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) in “12–6” tuned GaAs/GaAlAs double quantum wells (QWs) are calculated in the presence of applied electric field under the effective mass approximation. The influence of the structural parameter of the double QW is also considered, which is the main means to adjust its nonlinear optical properties. The eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions of the double QWs system are obtained via the finite difference technique. The nonlinear SHG and THG are presented as a function of the photon energy, structural parameter, and applied electric field. It is shown that the SHG and THG are sensitive to both the applied electric field and the structure parameters, which can tune the nonlinear optical properties efficiently by adjusting the symmetry and confined potential of the double QWs.
Identification and Filtering of Web Spams Using a Machine Learning Method
Authors: Zhang Dawei , Liu Yanyu
Published: December 2022

In order to enhance the filtering of spam on the Internet and improve the experience of Internet users, this paper proposed to convert the email text into vector features using the vector space model, constructed a two-dimensional matrix, and used a convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify spam on the Internet. The CNN was compared with other two classifiers, support vector machine (SVM), and backward-propagation neural network (BPNN), in simulation experiments. The final results showed that the spam recognition algorithm with CNN as the classifier had better recognition performance than the algorithms with SVM and BPNN classifiers and was also more advantageous in terms of recognition cost and time for spam; in addition, the CNN had the best recognition performance when the number of extracted features was 15.
Public Health and Prisons: Priorities in the Age of Mass Incarceration
Authors: Cloud David H. , Garcia-Grossman Ilana R. , Armstrong Andrea , Williams Brie
Published: December 2022

Mass incarceration is a sociostructural driver of profound health inequalities in the United States. The political and economic forces underpinning mass incarceration are deeply rooted in centuries of the enslavement of people of African descent and the genocide and displacement of Indigenous people and is inextricably connected to labor exploitation, racial discrimination, the criminalization of immigration, and behavioral health problems such as mental illness and substance use disorders. This article focuses on major public health crises and advances in state and federal prisons and discusses a range of practical strategies for health scholars, practitioners, and activists to promote the health and dignity of incarcerated people. It begins by summarizing the historical and sociostructural factors that have led to mass incarceration in the United States. It then describes the ways in which prison conditions create or worsen chronic, communicable, and behavioral health conditions, while highlighting priority areas for public health research and intervention to improve the health of incarcerated people, including decarceral solutions that can profoundly minimize—and perhaps one day help abolish—the use of prisons.
Nonlinear Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Lithium-Ion Battery Model Parameterization
Authors: Kirk Toby L. , Lewis-Douglas Adam , Howey David , Please Colin P. , Jon Chapman S.
Published: December 2022

In this work we analyze the local nonlinear electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (NLEIS) response of a lithium-ion battery and estimate model parameters from measured NLEIS data. The analysis assumes a single-particle model including nonlinear diffusion of lithium within the electrode particles and asymmetric charge transfer kinetics at their surface. Based on this model and assuming a moderately-small excitation amplitude, we systematically derive analytical formulae for the impedances up to the second harmonic response, allowing the meaningful interpretation of each contribution in terms of physical processes and nonlinearities in the model. The implications of this for parameterization are explored, including structural identifiability analysis and parameter estimation using maximum likelihood, with both synthetic and experimentally measured impedance data. Accurate fits to impedance data are possible, however inconsistencies in the fitted diffusion timescales suggest that a nonlinear diffusion model may not be appropriate for the cells considered. Model validation is also demonstrated by predicting time-domain voltage response using the parameterized model and this is shown to have excellent agreement with measured voltage time-series data (11.1 mV RMSE).
Physics-based Models, Machine Learning, and Experiment: Towards Understanding Complex Electrode Degradation
Authors: Mayilvahanan Karthik S. , Nicoll Andrew , Soni Jwal R. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C. , West Alan C.
Published: December 2022

Degradation phenomena in Li-ion batteries are highly complex, coupled, and sensitive to use history and operating conditions. In this study, we show how tracking model parameters in continuum-level physics-based models, expedited by machine learning, can be useful in testing hypotheses for degradation mechanisms. An exemplary analysis using this approach is presented for a set of lithium trivanadate (

L

i

x

V

3

O

8

) cathodes cycled over a range of current rates. A simple cell revival process is combined with the parameter estimates over the course of cycling to extract valuable insights into cathode evolution and eliminate hypothesized degradation mechanisms for these cathodes. The presented approach is expected to be broadly applicable for degradation analysis of other electrodes.
Hybrid Metabolic Activity-Related Prognostic Model and Its Effect on Tumor in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Lei , Ding Lei , Wang Zhong-Yuan , Zhao Xing-Zhi , Wang Yu-Hao , Liang Chao , Li Jie
Published: December 2022

Background. Tumor cells with a hybrid metabolic state, in which glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can be used, usually have a strong ability to adapt to different stress environments due to their metabolic plasticity. However, few studies on tumor cells with this phenotype have been conducted in the field of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods. The metabolic pathway (glycolysis, OXPHOS) related gene sets were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database (V7.5.1). The gene expression matrix, clinical information, and mutation data were obtained by Perl programming language (5.32.0) mining, the Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) software (4.0.3) was utilised to analyse glycolysis-related gene sets. Analysis of survival, immune infiltration, mutation, etc. was performed using the R programming language (4.1.0). Results. Eight genes that are highly associated with glycolysis and OXHPOS were used to construct the cox proportional hazards model, and risk scores were calculated based on this to predict the prognosis of clear cell RCC patients and to classify patients into risk groups. Gene Ontology, the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes, and GSEA were analysed according to the differential genes to investigate the signal pathways related to the hybrid metabolic state. Immunoinfiltration analysis revealed that CD8+T cells, M2 macrophages, etc., had significant differences in infiltration. In addition, the analysis of mutation data showed significant differences in the number of mutations of PBRM1, SETD2, and BAP1 between groups. Cell experiments demonstrated that the DLD gene expression was abnormally high in various tumor cells and is associated with the strong migration ability of RCC. Conclusions. We successfully constructed a risk score system based on glycolysis and OXPHOS-related genes to predict the prognosis of RCC patients. Bioinformatics analysis and cell experiments also revealed the effect of the hybrid metabolic activity on the migration ability and immune activity of RCC and the possible therapeutic targets for patients.
Three-Year Closure of Fishing Seasons as a Management Tool for the Omani Abalone, Haliotis mariae, Fishery in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Ghassani Salim , Chesalin Mikhail , Balkhair Mohammed , Kahoom Salem
Published: December 2022

Data from underwater surveys conducted between 2009 and 2021 were analyzed to determine the effect of closed fishing seasons on the density and size composition of Omani abalone, in the main fishing areas (Mirbat, Sadah, Hadbin, and Hasik). The average density of abalones, the abundance of mature and legal size abalone, and the average abalone size increased significantly after a 3-year closure (2008-2010). From 2012 to 2021, abalone density and size decreased despite four 1-2 years of closed fishing seasons. The density of mature abalone after 2011 was below the minimum spawning density of Haliotidae. Abalone densities were found to be relatively high in Sadah and Hadbin but very low in Mirbat and critical conditions in Hasik. Lack in regulations’ enforcement, overlap between fishing and reproduction season, and the uncontrolled number of divers are probably the main reasons for the decline in abalone abundance and size. Future fishing closure must be extended for at least three years, and abalone harvest in Mirbat and Hasik should be banned for at least five years. The number of divers must be regulated, and changing the fishing season must be evaluated. It is necessary to identify if the population is sustainable, threatened, or recovering, by studying more biological aspects of the Omani abalone, including minimum spawning density, abalone aggregation, and recruitment levels at each fishing ground. These studies will help the authorities to decide when fishing must stop to avoid any further reduction in the abalone densities. It is important to understand the socioeconomic status of abalone diver’s communities in Oman for better management and development.
In Vitro Assays for Diagnosis of Drug-Induced Nonsevere Exanthemas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Drygala Szymon , Rdzanek Elzbieta , Porebski Grzegorz , Dubiela Pawel
Published: December 2022

Frequent mislabelled causal relationship between drug hypersensitivity reactions and culprit drugs reinforces the need for an accurate diagnosis. The systematic reviews and meta-analyses of in vitro assays published so far focused on immediate reactions and the most severe delayed reactions, while the most frequent drug-induced delayed reactions—nonsevere exanthemas—have been underestimated. We aim to fill this gap. A systematic review of studies on in vitro assays used in the diagnosis of nonsevere drug-induced delayed reactions was conducted following the methodology of Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies Statement. The EMBASE and PubMed databases were searched. We have included 33 studies from which we extracted the data, then performed meta-analysis where possible, or synthesised the evidence narratively. The quality of the analysed studies was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool. The tests identified the most frequently were lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), ELISpot, and ELISA. In the meta-analysis carried out for LTT in reactions induce by beta-lactams, the pool estimate of sensitivity and specificity amounted to 49.1% (95% CI: 14.0%, 85.0%) and 94.6% (95% CI: 81.7%, 98.6%), respectively. The studies showed heterogeneity in study design and laboratory settings, which resulted in a wide range of specificity and sensitivity of testing.
A Simplified Methodology of European Steel Characterization on Theoretic Structural Application with Buckling Restrained Braces
Authors: Catalán Ariel , Cahís Xavier , Sabba Maria Francesca , Rizzo Fabio
Published: December 2022

The objective of this research is to provide simplified equations to fix the steel mechanical parameters when applied to all-steel buckling restrained braces (BRBs) whiting a whole theoretic structural calculation. These equations can be mainly useful in the predesign stage when the data of steel tests are still not available. A revision and search were carried out of available steel values from monotonic and cyclic uniaxial tests by different European steels. Curves of regression were fitted to find the necessary parameters for numeric models of BRBs with typical hysteretic dissipation. A comparison of results from applying three different groups of adopted steel values (nominal, regression or actual, and maximum) is done with a well-known and tested BRB. The high dispersion of results that arise is shown. The regression equations found demonstrate great usefulness. For an initial theoretic calculation, departing from most actual parameters of steel strongly decrease the uncertainty and it allows calculating structures with BRBs in a more realistic way.
Drug-Coated versus Uncoated Balloon for Side Branch Protection in Coronary Bifurcation Lesions Treated with Provisional Stenting Using Drug-Eluting Stents: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Jiang Zhi-Ming , Liu Le
Published: December 2022

Background. Provisional stenting using drug-eluting stents (DES) has become the preferred treatment for coronary bifurcation lesions (CBLs). We performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of side branch (SB) protection using a drug-coated balloon (DCB) versus an uncoated balloon (UCB) during the procedure. Methods. Relevant randomized and nonrandomized studies were identified by searching the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang, and CNKI databases. We used a random-effect model to pool the data by incorporating the heterogeneity between the included studies. Results. Overall, 803 patients with CBLs treated with provisional stenting using DES were included from seven studies. With a follow-up duration of 6 to 12 months, SB protection with DCB was associated with a lower degree of postoperative diameter stenosis (mean difference (MD): −11.35%, 95% confidence interval (CI): −14.17 to−8.53,

p
<
0.001

; I2 = 0%) and less late lumen loss (MD: −0.19 mm, 95% CI:−0.28 to−0.10,

p
<
0.001

; I2 = 69%) of SB compared to those with UCB. Moreover, SB protection with DCB was associated with reduced risks of target lesion revascularization (risk ratio [RR]: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.88,

p
=
0.02

; I2 = 0%) and major adverse cardiovascular events (RR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.66,

p
<
0.01

; I2 = 0%). Subgroup analysis according to the study design showed similar results. Conclusions. For patients with CBL treated with provisional stenting using DES, SB protection with DCB was associated with better angiographic and clinical outcomes than those with UCB.