bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping of apparent magnetic susceptibility and the identification of fractures: A case study from the Eye-Dashwa Lakes pluton, Atikokan, Ontario
Authors: Lee Madeline D. , Morris William A. , Ugalde Hernan A.
Published: June 2010

In situ magnetic-susceptibility measurements are only possible on outcrops, which are often limited by overburden and water bodies. An alternative approach is to derive an apparent susceptibility map from total-magnetic-intensity (TMI) surveys, which was done in this study for the Eye-Dashwa Lakes pluton near Atikokan, Ontario. Susceptibility logs of cores directly link alteration to systematic changes in the amount and composition of magnetic minerals. The surficial distribution of alteration zones was originally estimated from a limited number of in situ magnetic-susceptibility measurements. Here, through forward modeling of the TMI data set, susceptibility data are used to validate the apparent susceptibility data set. The modeling accounts for the bathymetric surface of all lakes that cover the area. A two-step process of bulk and local-scale modeling was used to estimate apparent susceptibility patterns. Bulk magnetic susceptibility is used as an indicator of overall alteration content, and local-scale apparent magnetic-susceptibility values are computed using a forward-modeling routine. The new apparent magnetic data set indicates northwest and northeast linears, which are the same as those seen in previous studies.
Geologic significance of anomalous instantaneous frequency
Authors: Zeng Hongliu
Published: June 2010

Anomalous frequency spikes derived from complex-trace analysis have long been considered more as a flaw of algorithms than a valuable seismic attribute. However, synthetic models and field data show that instantaneous frequency spikes are clearly linked to physical models that could help geologic interpretations of seismic data. Frequency spikes are related to relative amplitude minima along a seismic trace that occur either at the merging point of the top and base reflections of a wedge (type I) or at the tip of the wedge (type II). A type II spike is indicative of a seismically thin bed (average [Formula: see text] or thinner in this study; [Formula: see text] denotes wavelength), although the bed thickness tends to decrease with the data frequency and bed spacing in a multibed acoustic-impedance profile (in the range of [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] in this study). Interpretive values of instantaneous frequency include recognizing thin reservoirs that are otherwise difficult to detect, mapping relative thickness changes of lithofacies, detecting lithofacies boundaries and faults, and locating a stratal discontinuity or flow barrier. Uncertainties caused by type I spikes, noise-derived fake spikes, and the lack of lithologic and time-stratigraphic information can be reduced by integrating well data, local geologic models, lithology-indicative seismic attributes (e.g., 90°-phase data), and facies-oriented seismic displays (e.g., stratal slices).
Efficient cell migration requires global chromatin condensation
Authors: Gerlitz Gabi , Bustin Michael
Published: June 2010

Cell migration is a fundamental process that is necessary for the development and survival of multicellular organisms. Here, we show that cell migration is contingent on global condensation of the chromatin fiber. Induction of directed cell migration by the scratch-wound assay leads to decreased DNaseI sensitivity, alterations in the chromatin binding of architectural proteins and elevated levels of H4K20me1, H3K27me3 and methylated DNA. All these global changes are indicative of increased chromatin condensation in response to induction of directed cell migration. Conversely, chromatin decondensation inhibited the rate of cell migration, in a transcription-independent manner. We suggest that global chromatin condensation facilitates nuclear movement and reshaping, which are important for cell migration. Our results support a role for the chromatin fiber that is distinct from its known functions in genetic processes.
Phosphorylation regulates polarisation of chitin synthesis inCandida albicans
Authors: Lenardon Megan D. , Milne Sarah A. , Mora-Montes Héctor M. , Kaffarnik Florian A. R. , Peck Scott C. , Brown Alistair J. P. , Munro Carol A. , Gow Neil A. R.
Published: June 2010

The ability to undergo polarised cell growth is fundamental to the development of almost all walled organisms. Fungi are characterised by yeasts and moulds, and both cellular forms have been studied extensively as tractable models of cell polarity. Chitin is a hallmark component of fungal cell walls. Chitin synthesis is essential for growth, viability and rescue from many conditions that impair cell-wall integrity. In the polymorphic human pathogen Candida albicans, chitin synthase 3 (Chs3) synthesises the majority of chitin in the cell wall and is localised at the tips of growing buds and hyphae, and at the septum. An analysis of the C. albicans phospho-proteome revealed that Chs3 can be phosphorylated at Ser139. Mutation of this site showed that both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are required for the correct localisation and function of Chs3. The kinase Pkc1 was not required to target Chs3 to sites of polarised growth. This is the first report demonstrating an essential role for chitin synthase phosphorylation in the polarised biosynthesis of fungal cell walls and suggests a new mechanism for the regulation of this class of glycosyl-transferase enzyme.
SCAR/WAVE is activated at mitosis and drives myosin-independent cytokinesis
Authors: King Jason S. , Veltman Douwe M. , Georgiou Marios , Baum Buzz , Insall Robert H.
Published: June 2010

Cell division requires the tight coordination of multiple cytoskeletal pathways. The best understood of these involves myosin-II-dependent constriction around the cell equator, but both Dictyostelium and mammalian cells also use a parallel, adhesion-dependent mechanism to generate furrows. We show that the actin nucleation factor SCAR/WAVE is strongly activated during Dictyostelium cytokinesis. This activation localises to large polar protrusions, driving separation of the daughter cells. This continues for 10 minutes after division before the daughter cells revert to normal random motility, indicating that this is a tightly regulated process. We demonstrate that SCAR activity is essential to drive myosin-II-independent cytokinesis, and stabilises the furrow, ensuring symmetrical division. SCAR is also responsible for the generation of MiDASes, mitosis-specific actin-rich adhesions. Loss of SCAR in both Dictyostelium and Drosophila leads to a similar mitotic phenotype, with severe mitotic blebbing, indicating conserved functionality. We also find that the microtubule end-binding protein EB1 is required to restrict SCAR localisation and direct migration. EB1-null cells also exhibit decreased adhesion during mitosis. Our data reveal a spindle-directed signalling pathway that regulates SCAR activity, migration and adhesion at mitosis.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of synapsin I by Src regulates synaptic-vesicle trafficking
Authors: Messa Mirko , Congia Sonia , Defranchi Enrico , Valtorta Flavia , Fassio Anna , Onofri Franco , Benfenati Fabio
Published: June 2010

Synapsins are synaptic vesicle (SV)-associated phosphoproteins involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. Synapsins reversibly tether SVs to the cytoskeleton and their phosphorylation by serine/threonine kinases increases SV availability for exocytosis by impairing their association with SVs and/or actin. We recently showed that synapsin I, through SH3- or SH2-mediated interactions, activates Src and is phosphorylated by the same kinase at Tyr301. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to serine phosphorylation, Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of synapsin I increases its binding to SVs and actin, and increases the formation of synapsin dimers, which are both potentially involved in SV clustering. Synapsin I phosphorylation by Src affected SV dynamics and was physiologically regulated in brain slices in response to depolarization. Expression of the non-phosphorylatable (Y301F) synapsin I mutant in synapsin-I-knockout neurons increased the sizes of the readily releasable and recycling pools of SVs with respect to the wild-type form, which is consistent with an increased availability of recycled SVs for exocytosis. The data provide a mechanism for the effects of Src on SV trafficking and indicate that tyrosine phosphorylation of synapsins, unlike serine phosphorylation, stimulates the reclustering of recycled SVs and their recruitment to the reserve pool.
Automatic Estimation of Inertial Navigation System Errors for Global Positioning System Outage Recovery
Authors: Hasan A M , Samsudin K , Ramli A R , Azmir R S
Published: June 2010

This article presents an alternative approach of solving global positioning system (GPS) outages without requiring any prior information about the characteristics of the inertial navigation system (INS) and GPS sensors. INS can be used as a standalone system to bridge the outages during GPS signal loss. Kalman filter (KF) is widely used in INS and GPS integration to present a forceful navigation solution by overcoming the GPS outage problems. Unfortunately, KF is usually criticized for working under predefined models and for its observability problem of hidden state variables, sensor dependency, and linearization dependency. This approach utilizes a genetic neuro-fuzzy system (GANFIS) to predict the INS position and velocity errors during GPS signal blockages suitable for real-time application. The proposed model is able to deal with noise and disturbances in the GPS and INS output data in different dynamic environments compared to other traditional filtering algorithms such as the neural network and neuro fuzzy. Real field test results using the micro-electro-mechanical system grade inertial measurement unit with an integrated GPS shows a significant improvement obtained from the integrated GPS/INS system using the GANFIS module compared to traditional methods such as Kalman filtering, particularly during long GPS satellite signal blockage.
Flow Control Fallacies: A Review of Commonpitfalls in Flow Control Research
Authors: Crowther W J , Jabbal M , Liddle S C
Published: June 2010

The practice of flow control is seen as offering hope in reviving the importance of aerodynamics in aerospace engineering. However, as yet, this promising area of technology has arguably had little success in delivering science into practice. This article attempts to understand something of the nature of research in flow control and whether there is anything specific to flow control and aerodynamics that makes progress any harder than for other subjects. As a deliberate attempt to be provocative, the article introduces 10 ‘flow control fallacies’ which explore some of the potential weaknesses in arguments presented by flow control practitioners. It is concluded that flow control research is ‘normal science’ in the temporal context of scientific revolutions, that the discipline has continuity issues in that it has a relevant historical tail longer than one generation (and a lack of genuinely new ideas), and that it is relatively easy to identify weaknesses in the arguments of flow control practitioners with respect to engineering issues, with lack of relevance being the greatest challenge.
Effect of lubricant additives in rolling contact fatigue
Authors: Meheux M , Minfray C , Ville F , Mogne T L , Lubrecht A A , Martin J M , Lieurade H P , Thoquenne G
Published: June 2010

Lubricant formulations for manual gear box applications are optimized for gear contacts although rolling element bearings are lubricated with the same fully formulated oil. This may cause fatigue-related damage to these bearings. Several explanations can be considered, but this work focuses on the effect of additives contained in the lubricant.

Rolling contact fatigue tests were performed on a twin-disc machine. Artificial dents generated by a Rockwell penetrator were made on the faster surface in order to accelerate the fatigue phenomena. Then, pure rolling and 6.7 per cent slip (slide-to-roll ratio (SRR)) tests were performed with different lubricants (pure base oil, fully formulated oil, and base oil with detergent and anti-foam). Fatigue life results and spalling morphologies are compared.

For the sample obtained with the fully formulated oil and 6.7 per cent of SRR, crack analysis was performed. Using focus-ion-beam technique, a spalled sample was milled to reveal a cross-section of a crack. Secondary electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) analyses along the crack were performed. Additive elements are detected up to the crack tip. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiling was also performed in the tribofilm generated on the disc surface. The role of additives in rolling contact fatigue is discussed in the light of these results.
Experiments on the pressure distribution and frictional torque in articulating pin joints
Authors: Zhu J , Pugh S , Dwyer-Joyce R S , Beke A , Cumner G , Ellaway T
Published: June 2010

In its simplest form, aircraft landing gear consists of large structural members connected by pin joints that allow articulation, and hydraulic actuators for deployment. The design of these pin joints is critical to successful operation. In this article, the authors explore two related aspects of pin joint design: first the contact pressure distribution within the joint and second the frictional torque required to rotate the joint. The former is important in stress analysis and the latter in defining the required actuation force. The joint consists of a pin located within four bushes that are fixed into the structural member. Grease is fed into the bearing cavity.

A purpose-built test rig was designed and built to hydraulically load and articulate a specimen pin within its bushes. A novel ultrasonic method was used to measure the contact pressure between the pin and bushes when the joint is subjected to a constant radial load. The method is based on recording the proportion of an ultrasonic pulse that reflects from the pin—bush contact. When there is no contact the pulse is fully reflected and when contact takes place the pulse is partially reflected. The proportion of the pulse reflected depends on the conformity of the surfaces and hence the contact pressure. The pressure profiles measured in this way were found to be approximately cosinusoidal, extending over an arc of±60° regardless of the radial load.

The rotational torque and angular displacement were also measured during joint articulation cycles for a range of applied lateral pin loads. The results showed that articulation torques ranging from 20 to 150 kN m were required to rotate the pin as the lateral load was increased from 5 to 40 kN. An estimate of the friction coefficient between pin and bush can be obtained directly from this lateral load and torque data. However, an improved measurement, which includes the effect of the radial component of the lateral loading force, was obtained by combining the pressure distribution data with the torque data. Friction coefficients in the range 0.08–0.11 were deduced in this way and were found to increase slightly with load. This indicates that the joint operates in boundary-lubricated regime and that grease entrainment is an important factor.
Case Article—Bidding on Priceline
Authors: Anderson Chris K. , Wilson John G. , Zhang Gouren
Published: June 2010

Priceline.com is an Internet-based corporation offering services (airline tickets, hotel rooms, rental cars, and home mortgages) with the option for consumers to dictate prices. Priceline's original success stemmed from its innovative “name your price” approach whereby consumers bid for service with Priceline to find a willing provider at the bid price. Consumers are only allowed to bid once on a service so they must be strategic in bidding—bid too low and potentially lose out on service, bid too high and overpay for the service. While they are only allowed to bid once per product, bidders can slightly alter their service and potentially re-bid in an effort to get new information (from failed attempts)—such alterations may include a different class of hotel (3 star versus 4), a flight with 1 stop versus direct, or (as in the case below) a different class (economy versus luxury) of rental car.

The case is designed to cover a broad range of topics while introducing students to auctions. The case teaches strategic bidding while covering probability, decision analysis, and integer programming. The case has had great success at the undergraduate and MBA levels as students enjoy the setting, are familiar with Priceline, and immediately see an everyday use of management science.

Case Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
Evaluating the Integration of Technology into Business Statistics
Authors: Gorman Michael F.
Published: June 2010

This research explores the use of computer technology (specifically Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and the WebCT content delivery and student evaluation mechanism) as enablers of content delivery and as ways to improve pedagogy and learning. I evaluate the effect of these technologies on course delivery in Introductory Business Statistics, a sophomore-level required business course, but the lessons learned may apply to any analytical subject in the OR/MS field. I compare two different course offerings, a “technology light” version and a “technology centric” version, for both student satisfaction level (based on standard student evaluations) and level of learning achieved (based on student scores on a common course final), as well as provide an evaluation from the instructor perspective. The efficiency of instructor time and class time improves with technology, after initial startup costs are incurred. Technology components are generally well-received by students, and final test scores improve. I hypothesize that the increase in the students' outside-of-class workload and the assessment enabled by the technology may adversely affect student evaluations.
Exploring the Bullwhip Effect by Means of Spreadsheet Simulation
Authors: Boute Robert N. , Lambrecht Marc R.
Published: June 2010

One of the main supply chain deficiencies is the bullwhip effect: Demand fluctuations increase as one moves up the supply chain from retailer to manufacturer. The beer distribution game is widely known for illustrating these supply chain dynamics in class. In this paper we present a spreadsheet exploring the two key causes of the bullwhip effect: demand forecasting and the type of ordering policy. We restrict our attention to a single product two-echelon system and illustrate how tuning the parameters of the replenishment policy induces or reduces the bullwhip effect. We also demonstrate how bullwhip reduction (dampening the order variability) may have an adverse impact on inventory holdings or customer service. The spreadsheet can be used to help students gain insight into how inventory control policies and forecasting influence the magnitude of the bullwhip effect and the quality of customer service.
What Are the Odds? A Structured Approach for Unstructured Problems
Authors: Bailey Matthew D. , Fry Michael J.
Published: June 2010

Decision makers are often faced with ill-defined problems such as determining the odds of unlikely occurrences. However, class settings often explicitly provide such values within problem sets or case studies. In this paper, we discuss an incident of a waitress at a bar being shown her own stolen identification. Using this problem, we motivate the use of mathematical modeling to decompose a problem to determine the odds of a rare event. Similar problem decomposition methods can be used in a variety of business and engineering problems.
Why do we listen to music? A uses and gratifications analysis
Authors: Lonsdale Adam J. , North Adrian C.
Published: June 2010

Four ‘uses and gratifications’ studies investigated peoples' reasons for listening to music (Study 1); and whether these reasons differ significantly from those associated with other leisure activities (Study 2). In Study 3, an open‐ended, qualitative research design was used to investigate why people listen to music. In Study 4, a cross‐sectional design was used to investigate the possibility that people of different ages might listen to music for different reasons. Findings showed that there are a number of reasons why participants listen to music, comparison of which indicated that participants listen to music primarily to manage/regulate their moods. Comparison with other leisure activities indicated that for the most part, listening to music was rated better than other leisure activities at serving an individual's different needs. This versatility may explain why music is so important to people. Evidence was also found to suggest that the reasons for listening to music may change as people grow older.
An Alternative Model of the General Relativity Theory
Authors: Boltyanski V. G.
Published: June 2010

We establish in the offered paper that a ‘displacement postulate’ for the light sphere allows to obtain a metric in four–dimensional space–time from which the well–known Schwarzschild's metric may be simply deduced (by passing to the locational time). Probably, displacement postulate is a description of a profound mechanism of an interaction between the particles and the gravitational field.
On Weakly Darboux Functions and Some Problem Connected with the Morrey Monotonicity
Authors: Pawlak H. , Pawlak R. J.
Published: June 2010

In this paper we investigate relationships between the families of weakly Darboux, quasi-Darboux and Darboux functions which are quasi-continuous, and analyse the problem connected with the Morrey monotonicity of the restriction of a weakly Darboux function with the property (P) to the closure of the union of levels which are continua.
On Affine Selections of Set–Valued Functions
Authors: Wa̧sowicz S. Z.
Published: June 2010

The main result of this paper is the theorem stating that every convex set–valued function F : I ↦ c(Y), where I ⊂ R is an interval and Y is a locally convex space, possesses an affine selection. In the case if Y = R and values of F are closed real intervals we can replace the assumption of convexity of F by the more general condition.
Coinitial Families of Perfect Sets
Authors: Balcerzak M. , Roslanowski A.
Published: June 2010

Let Perf(X) denote the family of all perfect subsets of a perfect Polish space X. We show several properties and characterizations of coinitial subfamilies of Perf(X). Connections with the Vietoris topology and Morgan's category bases are observed. We characterize the least cardinality of a family of coinitial ideals with noncoinitial intersection. Some examples of special noncoinitial families in Perf(X) are presented. Much place is devoted to perfect isomorphisms between ideals of subsets of X.
Fixed Point and Approximate Fixed Point Theorems for Non–Affine Maps
Authors: Gajek L. , Jachymski J. , Zagrodny D.
Published: June 2010

Let C be a non–empty subset of a linear topological space X, and T be a selfmap of C such that the range of I – T is convex, where I denotes the identity map on X. We give conditions under which a map T has a fixed point or a V–fixed point (i.e. a point x
0 ∈ C such that Tx
0 ∈ X
0 + V, where V is a neighborhood of the origin). Our theorems generalize the recent results of M. Edelstein and K.-K. Tan ([Math. Japon. 38: 325–332, 1993], [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 181: 181–187, 1994]). As an application we provide a simple proof of the Markov–Kakutani theorem. We also establish a common V–fixed point theorem for commuting affine maps (possibly discontinuous).
A New Version of the Multivalued Fatou Lemma
Authors: Piccinini L.
Published: June 2010

H. Kudō introduced a notion of convergence of a sequence Bn
of sub-σ-fields. We emphasize a connection with Mosco-convergence of associated subspaces where E is a separable Banach space with separable dual. This enables us to study the convergence of conditional expectation sequences of random sets and therefore to obtain a new version of the multivalued Fatou lemma.
Higher–Order Necessary Optimality Conditions for a Nonsmooth Extremum Problem
Authors: Castellani M.
Published: June 2010

By extending the definition of Dini–Hadamard directional derivatives, higher–order necessary optimality conditions for a nonsmooth extremum problem are established, in the presence of both equality and inequality constraints. The presence of a regularity assumption for the inequality constraints strenghtens the optimality condition.
Determination of Surface Tension, Structural and Related Properties of Aquo-alcoholic Mixtures at 298 K
Authors: Bandyopadhyay G. , Dutta S. , Lahiri Sujit Chandra
Published: June 2010

Systematic determination of the surface tension and surface excess values of aquo-organic mixtures (methanol + water, ethanol + water, isoprapanol + water, tertiary butanol + water and ethylene glycol + water) were made. Attempts were made to interpret the surface tension values of aquo-alcoholic mixtures in terms of structure of water and its interactions with alcohols, surface excess and excess surface tension values. Correlation of the structural properties of the solvent mixtures with surface excess and other related macroscopic properties were attempted.
First Glass Electrode and its Creators F. Haber and Z. Klemensiewicz – On 100th Anniversary
Authors: Marczewska Barbara , Marczewski Krzysztof
Published: June 2010

We celebrate the 100thanniversary of the construction of the first glass electrode, by F. Haber and Z. Klemensiewicz. This electrode was firstly described in the journal Zeitschrift fur physikalische Chemie in 1909. In our paper we present the way how this invention was created.
Follicle growth and oocyte development after ovary transplantation into back muscle of immune-intact adult castrated male mice
Authors: Li Fengyin , Tao Yong , Zhang Yunhai , Li Yunsheng , Fang Fugui , Liu Ya , Cao Hongguo , Zhang Xiaorong , Zhou Shixian
Published: June 2010

Ovary grafting is not only a method of investigating follicle and oocyte development, but also a useful model to explore the possibility of the re-establishment of the reproductive axis in male-to-female sexual reversal. This study investigated ovary survival and follicle development after mouse ovaries were transplanted into immune-intact castrated male mice. Ten-day-old mouse ovaries were transplanted into the back muscle of adult outbred castrated male mice treated with immunosuppressants. Twenty-two days later, the ovary structure and the number of follicles present was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The oocytes were harvested, and then used for in vitro maturation (IVM) and IVF. The results showed that primordial and antral follicles were mainly found in the grafts, and there were obvious differences compared with 32-day-old fresh ovaries (P<0.05). Embryos were derived from collected oocytes after IVM and IVF with a 72.4% cleavage rate and 7.9% blastocyst rate; 12 live pups were generated by embryo transfer. The hormone assay showed that plasma concentrations of both estrogen and progesterone increased after ovarian transplantation (P<0.01). In conclusion, immune-intact adult castrated male mice can support ovary survival and further development of follicles with endocrine function after ovarian transplantation.
1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts predominately in mature osteoblasts under conditions of high extracellular phosphate to increase fibroblast growth factor 23 production in vitro
Authors: Yamamoto Ryoko , Minamizaki Tomoko , Yoshiko Yuji , Yoshioka Hirotaka , Tanne Kazuo , Aubin Jane E , Maeda Norihiko
Published: June 2010

Osteoblasts/osteocytes are the principle sources of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a phosphaturic hormone, but the regulation of FGF23 expression during osteoblast development remains uncertain. Because 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) may act as potent activators of FGF23 expression, we estimated how these molecules regulate FGF23 expression during rat osteoblast development in vitro. 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent FGF23 production was restricted largely to mature cells in correlation with increased vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA levels, in particular, when Pi was present. Pi alone and more so in combination with 1,25(OH)2D3 increased FGF23 production and VDR mRNA expression. Parathyroid hormone, stanniocalcin 1, prostaglandin E2, FGF2, and foscarnet did not increase FGF23 mRNA expression. Thus, these results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 may exert its largest effect on FGF23 expression/production when exposed to high levels of extracellular Pi in osteoblasts/osteocytes.
Single Flap Approach With and Without Guided Tissue Regeneration and a Hydroxyapatite Biomaterial in the Management of Intraosseous Periodontal Defects
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Simonelli Anna , Pramstraller Mattia , Wikesjö Ulf M.E. , Farina Roberto
Published: June 2010

Background: The single flap approach (SFA) is a minimally invasive procedure designed for periodontal reconstructive procedures of intraosseous periodontal defects characterized by a dominant unilateral, buccal or oral, extension. This study evaluates the adjunctive effect of guided tissue regeneration (GTR) combined with a hydroxyapatite (HA) biomaterial in the management of intraosseous periodontal defects accessed with SFA compared to SFA alone.

Methods: Twenty‐four intraosseous defects (in 24 patients) were randomly allocated to treatment with SFA or SFA + HA/GTR. Clinical outcomes were assessed 6 months post‐surgery.

Results: Five sites in the SFA + HA/GTR group showed incomplete closure at week 2, which resolved spontaneously. There were no statistically significant or clinically meaningful differences in mean (±SD) clinical attachment gain (4.7 ± 2.5 versus 4.4 ± 1.5 mm), probing depth reduction (5.3 ± 2.4 versus 5.3 ± 1.5 mm), and gingival recession increase (0.4 ± 1.4 versus 0.8 ± 0.8 mm) between the SFA + HA/GTR and SFA groups.

Conclusions: SFA with and without HA/GTR seems to be a valuable minimally invasive approach in the treatment of deep intraosseous periodontal defects. Under the present experimental conditions, the additional HA/GTR protocol offers no significant adjunctive effect.
Bacterial Panicle Blight Resistance QTLs in Rice and Their Association with Other Disease Resistance Loci and Heading Date
Authors: Pinson Shannon R. M. , Shahjahan Abul K. M. , Rush M. Charles , Groth Donald E.
Published: June 2010

Bacterial panicle blight (BPB) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) occurs when the bacterium Burkholderia glumae Kurita and Tabei infects emerging and flowering panicles, causing kernels to abort. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for BPB resistance, a population of 300 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between ‘Lemont’ and ‘TeQing’ were evaluated in 2001 and 2002 in field plots spray‐inoculated with B. glumae at the time of flowering. Because this RIL population had been previously used to map QTLs for three other diseases, present use of this population allowed direct comparison between the various disease resistance QTLs. Multiple interval mapping using QTL Cartographer v2.5 putatively identified 12 BPB QTLs, three of which were statistically significant in both years and found to have epistatic effects in 2002. TeQing was the source of resistance for eight QTLs; Lemont for four. Four BPB QTLs colocated with QTLs previously identified as providing resistance to one or multiple other diseases. Three BPB QTLs were also associated with late flowering. Because late flowering panicles are subjected to cooler temperatures that are less conducive to disease development during grain fill, it is possible that the genetic effects of the heading‐related QTLs were biased. The present data could not distinguish between pleiotropy and close linkage of the BPB QTLs with the previously identified heading and disease resistance QTLs.
Improvement of Open‐Pollinated Spring Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Through Introgression of Genetic Diversity from Winter Rapeseed
Authors: Kebede Berisso , Thiagarajah Mohan , Zimmerli Céline , Rahman M. Habibur
Published: June 2010

The winter and spring types of oilseed Brassica napus L. belong to distinctly different genetic groups. Hence, it should be possible to use winter types for the improvement of spring type B. napus We investigated the effect of introgression of alleles from winter type into open‐pollinated Canadian spring B. napus cultivars. Crosses were made between two European winter rapeseed cultivars, Aviso and Tequila, a Canadian spring doubled‐haploid (DH) line, A03‐3NR, and two DH populations developed from F2 plants. A total of 134 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from 19 linkage groups were evaluated on the three parents, of which 84 markers were polymorphic. Based on these markers, genetic similarity between the two winter parents was estimated to be 0.49, whereas it was only 0.27 between the spring and the two winter parents. Thirty‐seven selected polymorphic markers were tested on the two DH populations, which detected a total of 94 alleles. Occurrence of the alleles from the winter parent ranged from 17.0 to 59.9% in DH population of Aviso × A03‐3NR, whereas in the population of Tequila × A03‐3NR it ranged from 13.8 to 50.0%. Estimates based on unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) genetic similarity and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) clearly depicted a group of DH lines falling close to the winter type. Seed yield in these DH populations was significantly higher than in the spring parent. Thus, introgression of winter germplasm into spring rapeseed is an important approach to broaden the genetic base of open‐pollinated spring rapeseed.
Environment and Hybrid Influences on Food‐Grade Sorghum Grain Yield and Hardness
Authors: Griess Joni K. , Mason Stephen C. , Jackson David S. , Galusha Tomie D. , Yaseen Muhammad , Pedersen Jeffrey F.
Published: June 2010

Few studies have examined grain quality of food‐grade sorghum hybrids. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of environment and hybrid on grain quality of commercially available food‐grade sorghums. A randomized complete block experiment with three replications was planted in 12 environments, which included the 2004 and 2005 growing seasons and irrigated and dryland water regimes in eastern, central, and west central Nebraska and a dryland low‐N environment in eastern Nebraska. Environment accounted for 5 to 140 times greater variation in measured parameters than hybrid, and the hybrid × environment interaction accounted for less than 2% of the total variation. Grain yield and kernel mass varied, with low yields of 1.4 Mg ha−1 and kernels weighing 9.5 g 1000 kernels−1 in the low‐N 2004 environment, high grain yields of 10.5 Mg ha−1 under irrigated conditions in central Nebraska in 2005, and kernels weighing 27.8 g 1000 kernels−1 in the eastern Nebraska dryland 2005 environment. Harder grain was produced in 2005 than in 2004, with the west central and central 2005 environments having the lowest tangential abrasive dehulling device (TADD) removals of 14%. Non‐food‐grade hybrids produced higher grain yields and kernel mass than food‐grade hybrids. Grain hardness was greater for non‐food‐grade and medium maturity hybrids when environmental means were lower (i.e., softer) but showed little or no difference in hardness when environmental means were high. Nebraska production environments have the capability to produce high quality food‐grade sorghums for specific food uses to benefit both the producer and the food processor.
Development and Validation of Molecular Markers Closely Linked toH32for Resistance to Hessian Fly in Wheat
Authors: Yu Guo Tai , Williams Christie E. , Harris Marion O. , Cai Xiwen , Mergoum Mohamed , Xu Steven S.
Published: June 2010

Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor(Say)] is an important insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Host resistance conferred byHgenes has been the most effective means to manage Hessian fly populations. More than 32Hgenes have been identified in wheat and its relatives. In a previous study, Hessian fly‐resistance geneH32was assigned to the chromosomal bin 3DL3–0.81–1.00, which also harborsH26The objectives of this study were to develop and validate sequence‐tagged site (STS) markers closely linked toH32and to determine the genetic relationship betweenH26andH32In this study, 11 wheat EST‐derived STS markers linked toH26and three new STS markers were added to the linkage map ofH32using the International Triticeae Mapping Initiative (ITMI) population. Two of the STS markers,Xrwgs10andXrwgs12, were found to flankH32with a genetic distance of 0.5 cM. Another STS markerXrwgs11, co‐segregated withH32Molecular markers tightly linked toH32were validated in 12 bread wheat cultivars and an elite breeding line, demonstrating the efficacy of these markers for marker‐assisted selection. Comparative mapping analysis indicated thatH26andH32are either different alleles at the same gene locus or two different, but tightly linkedHgenes. Ongoing efforts to perform fine mapping and positional cloning ofH26will resolve the relationship betweenH26andH32
Crop Registration: The Pathway to Public Access of Plant Genetic Materials to Build Crops for the Future
Authors: Ellis D.D. , Garland‐Campbell K. A. , Grotenhuis J. A. , Jenderek M. M. , Pedersen J. F.
Published: June 2010

Starting in 1926 and continuing for 80+ yr, 11,241 crop genetic materials have been registered as of 31 Dec. 2008. The crop registration process is an important pathway to publically describe and document new and useful genetic materials and to incorporate these into the public domain via the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Crop Registration materials are now searchable via the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) and demand for registered materials remains strong with more than 9150 registered accessions distributed in the past 26 yr by the NPGS. Guidelines continue to evolve to accommodate global factors effecting germplasm exchange such as Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and international treaties (i.e., The International Treaty on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture). Together with (i) the advent of the new Journal of Plant Registrations; (ii) the facilitated search capabilities of GRIN; (iii) the development and definition of genetic materials needing registration (cultivars, germplasm, genetic stocks, parental lines, and mapping populations); and (iv) the recognition and allowance of IPR rights: the registration of crops is a healthy viable dynamic registration system to meet the needs of breeders over the next 80 yr.
Fiber Quality and Textile Performance of Some Australian Cotton Genotypes
Authors: Long Robert L. , Bange Michael P. , Gordon Stuart G. , van der Sluijs Marinus H. J. , Naylor Geoffrey R.S. , Constable Greg A.
Published: June 2010

Improving the quality of Australian cotton fiber is essential for maintaining industry viability. Two field experiments were conducted to assess the fiber quality and yarn performance of Australian bred cotton (fiveGossypium hirsutumL. and oneG. barbadenseL.) genotypes. The work included the novel measurement of fiber maturity ratio, fiber linear density, and fiber diameter (ribbon width). The strongest yarns were produced using genotypes with the longest and finest fiber, for example, the strength of 20 tex yarns for theG. barbadenseL. cultivar Sipima 280 (length = 36.6 mm, linear density = 143 mtex, ribbon width = 13.7 μm) was 25.4 cN tex−1cf. theG. hirsutumL. cultivar Sicala 350B (length = 32.5 mm, linear density = 185 mtex, ribbon width = 14.5 μm) yarn strength of 18.1 cN tex−1Micronaire was an inferior indicator of yarn performance, for example, theG. hirsutumL. breeding lines CHQX12B and CHQX377 each had micronaire values of 4.4, but CHQX377 spun stronger yarns due to its finer and more mature fiber. Lint cleaning had the greatest influence on nep (fiber knot) generation forG. hirsutumL. genotypes, generating on average 104 neps g−1per lint cleaner passage. There was a negative association between fiber quality and yield, and a cost benefit analysis showed that fiber yield was the dominant economic factor compared to price premiums for better fiber quality. Alternative methods of determining fiber fineness will improve the value of Australian cotton.
Anxiolytic Activity of Canscora decussata in Albino Rats
Authors: Sethiya Neeraj K. , Nahata Alok , Dixit Vinod K
Published: June 2010

Shankhpushpi is a popular medicinal plant in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for treating mental disorders. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Canscora decussata Schult. (Gentianaceae) commonly known as shankhpushpi on the central nervous system of albino rats. Ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of the plant was evaluated in the elevated plus-maze test, open field exploratory behavior and rotarod performance experiments. In the elevated plus-maze, ethanolic extract at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. showed an anxiolytic effect as evidenced by increase in the time spent in open arms and the number of open arm entries, compared to control group. The open field exploratory behaviour was also increased on administration of the ethanolic extract. The ethanolic extract at dose of 400 mg/kg p.o. significantly reduced the neuromuscular coordination indicative of the muscle relaxant activity at a high dose. Diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p.) was used as a standard in all the animal models studied. A biomarker viz., mangiferin, was also isolated and characterized and its effects were observed in the animal models along with the ethanolic extract.
Dijagnostikovanje i lecenje Pedzetove bolesti lokalizovane na kicmenom stubu
Authors: Slavkovic S.M. , Vukasinovic Z. , Slavkovic N.S. , Apostolovic M.D.
Published: June 2010

Paget disease, localized only on thoracic spine is extremly rare. It is a huge diagnostic problem and an equally big therapy challenge. Course of this disease is slow, it chronically worsens, thus demanding differentiation of various conditions, along with orthopaedic, neurological, radiographic and endocrine evaluation. Paget disease is followed by back pain, progressive weakening of legs and sphincter functions, due to pathological spine fractures and spinal stenosis. The treatment is surgical, in form of decompression and applying biphosphonates. Three patients are presented, all with worsening back pain which lasted several months. Hyperthonia and hyperreflexion of lower extremities were developed significantly. Over the course of time, neurological deficit got worse, almost to the point of spastic parapalegia. All of the patients were male, 50 to 68 years old. They had higher values of alcaline phosphatase and serum calcium than usual. In all cases, bone scintigraphy was positive where the lession of thoracic spine existed. Biopsy suggested hyperparathyroidism, but, as it turned out, wrongly. After surgical treatment, neurological improvement was noticed on all three patients. In case of two, recidives occurred after three and five years respectively, so surgical reinterventions were made. These recidives are consequences of Paget disease progression. Aside from surgical treatment, they were treated by encrinologist. Remission of the disease lasted for seven and twelve years, respectively. Third patient had his condition recognized almost two years after first reception, and, due to big changes on vertebral body and paraplegia, posterior and anterior decompression of spinal canal and stabilization were done simultaneously. Biopsy confirmed Paget disease. During the postoperative course, nearly complete neurological improvement occured almost instantly. Only moments after hospital release, twenty four days after the operation, patient got sick in the hall. Unfortunately, he passed away due to massive lung embolism, even though he received adequate thromboembolic prophylaxion. Monoostotic form of Paget disease localized on vertebral body must be taken and considered seriously, especially when the patients suffer from progressive evolution of neurological deficit, followed by adequate biochemical blood and urine analysis, as well as radiographic signs of pathological fracture or invasive vertebral process. Surgical treatment can lead to significant improvement of clinical findings, but due to recidive, biphosphonate treatment is recommended.
Osteoblastoma of the spine
Authors: Poleksic Z.R. , Lalosevic V.J. , Milinkovic Z.B.
Published: June 2010

A retrograde analysis of 64 spinal osteoblastomas treated by surgery during the period 1963 - 2005 has been made. Spinal osteoblastomas were presented in 36% of all skeletal localizations. There were 44 male and 20 female patients. The average age of patients at the time of surgery was14 years. Localizations of the osteoblastomas were cervical spine in 8 cases, dorsal spine in 16 cases, lumbar spine in 38 cases and sacrum in 2 cases. Osteoblastomas predominantly involved posterolateral vertebral elements, although in two cases a primary localization was in vertebral bodies. Neurological deficits were relatively moderate, but a paraplegia occurred in six patients. Scoliosis was present in 50% of cases, and their respective prognosis depended on the duration of the painful syndrome as well as on the age when the disease had set up. According to Enneking classification 30 patients were evaluated as stage 2 and 34 others as stage 3. Relapses were noticed in 8 (12.5%) patients. Clearly delineated lesions were treated by an intralesional procedure, but aggressive ones were treated by a marginal surgery followed by additional radiotherapy (6 patients). The average follow - up period was 13 years.
Savremeni trendovi u hirurskom lecenju povreda radijalisa udruzenih sa povredama nadlaktice
Authors: Rasulic L. , Samardzic M. , Bascarevic V. , Jovanovic M. , Malis M. , Nikolic V. , Blagojevic Z. , Stijak L.
Published: June 2010

Radial nerve is the most common injured peripheral nerve after bone and wrist injuries in human body. Radial nerve can be injured by force causing fracture of the humeral shaft, due to compound fracture of the bone or by direct injury with small fragments of the bone. This happened in of cases and in remaining cases was caused by manipulation during the treatment of the fracture of the humeral shaft. Because of the possibility of spontaneous recovery, indication and timing of surgical treatment of the radial nerve still remain controversial. There is contradictory approach in the treatment of the injured radial nerve. In a period between 1979 and 2005 year we have operated 193 patients with injury of radial nerve. Among them, 97(50,2%) have had combined injury of the humeral shaft or proximal part of radius. Rest of injuries of the radial nerve were associated with manipulation during treatment. Surgical treatment has been performed in a period between three and four months after neurogical deficit. Analyzing our result regarding recovery of the motor function we have used combination of gradation including British Medical Council Score and modified Highet Scale to obtain satisfactory analysis of useful functional recovery of motor function after surgical procedure. We have classified results as bad M O-2 for all muscles innervated by the radial nerve; satisfactory M3, for extensors of the wrist and fingers and M O-2 for abductor of the thumb, good M 4-5 extensors of the wrist and fingers and M3 for abductor of the thumb, and excellent M 4-5 for all muscles.