bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regularities of endogenous lipid metabolites formation in phorbol 12-miristate 13-acetate-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes at leukemia
Authors: Batikyan T.B. , Hakopyan G.V. , Lazyan M.P. , Torgomyan T.P. , Kazaryan R.A. , Amirkhanyan E.S. , Tadevosyan Yu.V.
Published: April 2015

Regularities of biologically active lipid metabolites formation in dynamics (5, 10, 30, 60 s) by phorbol 12-miristate 13-acetate stimulation in [14C]palmitic acid have been investigated in normal and leukemia peripheral blood lymphocytes prelabeled with [14C]palmitate. In normal cells there was two-phase formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol (5, 30 s), lysophosphatidylcholine (10, 60 s), as well as free palmitic acid at 10 s of stimulation. Under the identical experimental conditions there was inhibition of investigated lipid release processes at early (5 and 10 s) stages of stimulation of leukemic lymphocytes. At later (30, 60 s) terms of these lymphocytes the activation, basically, similar to norm changes in the formation of palmitic acid-containing metabolites except free palmitic acid (the level of which raised only at 60 second of the post-stimulation) was found. Various protein kinases C are involved in the regulation of investigated lipid levels at certain stages of signal transduction both in norm, and in blast cells. Short-term (5, 10 s) activations of healthy donors lymphocytes are coupled to functioning of Са2+-independent isoforms of protein kinase C. The inhibition of this protein kinase C in leukemic cells leads to normalization of the investigated lipid release. The data obtained suggests disorders of early membrane-bound reactions in agonist - and a protein kinase C-mediated processes of formation palmitic acid-containing lipid metabolites in the leukemic cells in comparison with the norm.
Mass-spectrometric investigation of degradation of the inhalation anesthetic sevoflurane in flow anesthesia
Authors: Elizarov A.Yu. , Ershov T.D. , Levshankov A.I.
Published: April 2015

The highest concentration of the Sevoflurane degradation product in the gas mixture was 65 ppm. Biochemical analysis did not reveal any nephro- and hepatotoxic effect
Influence of savory essential oil on the fatty acids composition in the brain and liver with age increasing of akr line mice
Authors: Misharina T.A. , Burlakova E.B. , Fatkullina L.D. , Terenina M.B. , Krikunova N.I. , Vorobjeva A.K. , Erohin V.N. , Goloshchapov A.N.
Published: April 2015

Age-related alterations of fatty acid composition in liver and brain of AKR mice was investigated. The effect of savory essential oil (Satureja hortensis L.), added with drinking water on fatty acid composition in these organs and the processes of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes were estimated. It was found that during aging the percentage of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased while monounsaturated fatty acids increased. The development of leukemia was accompanied by the increase of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids percentage and a decrease of monounsaturated fatty acids amount. In the liver aging caused the increase in the percentage of saturated fatty acids, the decrease of monounsaturated fatty acids, while the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids was not changed. Leukemia (after 8 month) was accompanied by the increase of percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids and the decrease in the amount of oleinic and docosohexaenic acids. The intake of savory essential oil was accompanied by intensification of polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesis in mice liver and reduction of lipid peroxidation products content.
One century of the cholesterol model of atherosclerosis
Authors: Klimov A.N. , Parfenova N.S. , Golikov Y.P.
Published: April 2015

2012 sees the centennial of the development of the cholesterol model of atherosclerosis by N.N. Anitchkov and S.S. Khalatov.Its appearance became an important stage in the development of atherosclerosis pathogenesis and determined the further directions by Anitchkov's investigations direction as well as others Russian and world researchers.The Anitchkov biography and the history of experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis model creation described in details.This article considers the history of the development of the cholesterol model, some modern concepts on the nature of hypercholesterolemia (Watanabe's genetic model), demonstrating importance of the cell receptors in the homeostasis maintenance.
Use of the most recent reagent (CuF) for stimulation of NO synthesis by the medicinal leech salivary cell secretion in the cultures of human endothelium cells (HUVEC) and in rat cardiomiocytes
Authors: Baskova I.P. , Alekseeva A.Yu. , Kostyuk S.V. , Neverova M.E. , Smirnova T.D. , Veiko N.N.
Published: April 2015

The medicinal leech salivary cell secretion (SCS) may stimulate NO-production in cultures of human endothelium cells (HUVEC) and rat cardiomiocytes (RCM). This effect was detected using a NO specific reagent, - the complex Cu2+ with a fluorescein derivative (Cu-Fl). NO had also been detected in the cells by fluorescent electronic microscopy and determined quantitatively in the cells and in culture fluid by the fluorescence method. SCS stimulated NO synthesis in HUVEC cells (but not in RCM) is accompanied by NO release into intercellular space. Localization of NO synthesis сenters is presented and it is shown that the increase in NO levels during the SCS action on HUVEC and RCM is associated with the increase in the activity of eNOS/nNOS, but not iNOS. In endothelial cells SCS activates nitrosylation processes, assessed by the increase of nitrite-ions in the culture medium. It is therefore important to use Cu-Fl, other than Griss-reagent, during the first hour of analysis of NO synthesis. The NO-depended mechanism of SCS action on endothelial cells might be a factor in providing of its positive action in hirudotheraphy.
Mechanisms of plant polyphenols anti-cancer effects I. Blockade of carcinogenesis initiation
Authors: Zinov"eva V.N. , Spasov A.A.
Published: April 2015

Mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, spices and representing parts of daily nutrition, have been considered. These compounds may be the basis for development of cancer preventive preparations. They can block carcinogenesis initiation by inactivation of exogenous or endogenous genotoxic molecules including reactive oxygen species. Another mechanism consists in inhibition of activity and synthesis of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes. Plant polyphenols also induce expression of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes genes.
Anticoagulative and anticomplementary activity of endogenous inhibitor preparation from hepatopancreas of red king crab (paralithosed camtschaticus) towards human blood
Authors: Balashova M.V. , Lyutova L.V. , Rudenskaya Yu.A. , Isayev V.A. , Andina S.S. , Kozlov L.V. , Rudenskaya G.N.
Published: April 2015

Serpins (SERine Protease INhibitors) - is large and diverse group of proteins with similar structures, which can inhibit both serine and cysteine proteases by an irreversible suicide mechanism. A novel serpin from hepatopancreas of Red King Crab (Paralithosed camtschaticus) was obtained and was studied its effect on the process of human blood plasma clotting. The investigated serpin shows a noticeable anticoagulative activity, which increases dramatically in the combined action with heparine. Though the inhibitor has almost no effect on thrombin, it inhibits C1s (C1-esterase). We studied the action of the serpin from P. camtschaticus on C1s via its competitive inhibition by C1 inhibitor and the novel enzyme. The calculated inhibition constant of the serpin from P. camtschaticus towards C1s is 2,02±0,71 М. Unlike C1 inhibitor, the novel serpin from P. camtschaticus doesn`t suppress fibrinolysis and at the same time prevents blood clotting. These features may be of interest for medical purposes.
Lipid-proteinic interaction in erythrocytie and placental membranes in women with insulin resistance
Authors: Mikaelyan N.P. , Terentyev A.A. , Maxina A.G. , Mikaelyan A.V. , Novikova S.V.
Published: April 2015

Disturbances of erythrocyte and placental membrane functiond have been studied in placenta of pregnant women with obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. The results of this study demonstrate significant metabolic impairments in women with insulin resistance. Changes in lipid spectrum of erythrocyte membranes and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes obviously contribute to the development of fetoplacental insufficiency. This changes point to necessity of the antioxidant therapy in pregnant women with obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2.
The influence of glucose on the free radical peroxidation of low density lipoproteins in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Lankin V.Z. , Konovalova G.G. , Tikhaze A.K. , Nedosugova L.V.
Published: April 2015

It was shown that glucose in concentration 12.5-100 mM stimulated of Cu2+-mediated free radical peroxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) from human blood plasma. On the base investigation of kinetic parameters of LDL peroxidation it was stated that intensification of this process in the conditions of our experiments is caused by formation of free radical intermediates of glucose autoxidation during active oxygen species generation in the presence of metal ions with variable valence. It was found that glucose level normalization in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes during therapy accompanied by significant decreasing of LDL oxidizing. During therapy with sugar-lowering drug metformin which utilizate methylglyoxal the LDL peroxidation from blood diabetes mellitus in vivo inhibited in more higher degree probably in consequence of decreasing of methylglyoxal-dependent generation of superoxide anion radicals as was shown by us early [Biochemistry (Moscow), 2007, 72: 1081-1090; Biochemistry (Moscow), 2009, 74: 461-466].
Linear and nonlinear QSAR models of acute intravenous toxicity to mice for organic chemicals
Authors: Raevsky O.A. , Liplavskaya E.A. , Yarkov A.V. , Raevskaya O.E. , Worth A.P.
Published: April 2015

QSAR analysis of acute intravenous toxicity to mice for 68 monofunctional chemicals is presented. There compounds represents seven classes of organic chemicals: hydrocarbons (6 chemicals), alcohols (13), amides (22), amines (12), ethers (5), ketones (7), nitriles (3). Preliminary consideration of data for these chemicals showed that it is necessary to consider not only linear toxicity - descriptors relationships, but also nonlinear models. The linear and nonlinear QSAR models were considered for each from indicated classes of organic chemicals. Analogical models were constructed for whole subset of monofunctional chemicals. The statistical parameters and robustness of nonlinear models are essential better then statistics of linear models. Replacing a lipophilicity descriptor with molecular polarizability and H-bond ability in nonlinear models permits also to improve statistical characteristics. Clearly, if relationships between the intravenous toxicity of compounds bearing only a single functional group and lipophilicity are nonlinear, then similar relationships must be considered with compounds containing more than one functional group. To check up this idea whole set of small clusters containing structure relative compounds with few functional groups was examined from position of linear and nonlinear relationships between toxicity and lipophilicity. It was estimated in most causes advantages of nonlinear models.
L-amino acid oxidases: properties and molecular mechanisms of action
Authors: Lukasheva E.V. , Efremova A.A. , Treshalina E.M. , Arinbasarova A.Ju. , Medentzev A.G. , Berezov T.T.
Published: April 2015

During previous decade L-amino acid oxidases (LAAO) attracted the steady interest of researchers due to their poly functional effects on different biological systems. The review summarizes information concerning the sources, structure, phisico-chemical and catalytical properties of LAAO which exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antiviral effects as well as the ambiguous action on platelet aggregation. Special attention is devoted to the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of LAAO action. It is proposed that the unique properties of LAAO are based on their catalytic reaction, which causes the decrease of L-amino acid levels, including the essential amino acids and formation of hydrogen peroxide. The action of liberated H2O2 on cells involves the synthesis of oxygen reactive species and the development of necrotic and apoptotic pathways of cell death. The presence of carbohydrate moieties in LAAO molecules promotes their attachment to cell's surface and creation of high H2O2 local concentrations. The wide range of LAAO biological effects is undoubtedly connected with their important functional roles in the organism. In particular, it was shown that in the mice brain the LAAO-catalyzed reaction is the single pathway of L-lysine degradation, while in the mice milk LAAO carry out the antibacterial effect and in human leucocytes LAAO take part in fulfilling their defending role. Protector action may be also attributed to the oxidases from the other numerous sources: microscopic fungi, snake venoms and sea inhabitants.
The absorption features of glycyrrhizic acid in composition of drug "phosphogliv"
Authors: Voskresenskaya A.A. , Medvedeva N.V. , Prozorovskiy V.N. , Moskaleva N.E. , Ipatova O.M.
Published: April 2015

Glycyrrhizic acid (GL) - one of the active components of the Russian drug formulation "Phosphogliv" possesses extremely low bioavailability. A sensitive method for GL determination in blood using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS) has been developed in order to investigate absorption characteristics of glycyrrhizic acid after peroral administration of "Phosphogliv" and GL sodium salt. Separation of blood components was achieved on the analytical reverse-phase column C18 "EcoNova" ProntoSIL, using a gradient mode. Detection of GL and an internal standard (IS) (glycyrrhetic acid) was performed using electrospray ionization with the selected ion monitoring in negative mode (SIM) using target ions at m/z 821.3 for GL and 469.3 for IS. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 50-5000 ng/ml (the correlation coefficient was 0.995). The detection limit for GL in blood was 25 ng/ml and the lower limit of quantification was 50 ng/ml.The developed method has been applied to compare absorption efficiency of glycyrrhizic acid as the component of "Phosphogliv" composition and solution of GL sodium salt during first two hours after their single peroral administration to rats at the dose of 8.5 mg/kg. It was shown that GL absorption occurs several minutes after peroral administration. Moreover, GL bioavailability after administration of drug "Phosphogliv" was higher than after administration of GL sodium salt. This difference may be attributed to incorporation of glycyrrhizic acid in the phospholipid nanoparticles structure.
The effect of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) modification by poly(ethylene glycol) on the viability of cells grown on the polymer films
Authors: Zharkova I.I. , Efremov Yu.M. , Bagrov D.V. , Zernov A.L. , Andreeva N.V. , Shaitan K.V. , Bonartsev A.P. , Boschomjiev A.P. , Makhina T. K. , Myshkina V.L. , Voinova V.V. , Yakovlev S.G. , Filatova E.V. , Ivanov E.A. , Bonartseva G.A.
Published: April 2015

A biodegradable polymer of bacterial origin, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), is intensively studied as biomaterial for tissue engineering. However, factors determining its biocompatibility still require better understanding. To analyze the PHB films biocompatibility, the polymer material was modified by hydrophilic polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) 300 (PEG). The blends PHB/PEG with different PEG content (10, 20, 30 and 50%) were produced by subsequent incubation in water resulted in removal of 95% PEG. The surface roughness and hydrophilicity were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle "water-polymer" measurement, respectively. The film biocompatibility on cell culture of COS-1 fibroblasts was studied in vitro. It was shown that both roughness and hydrophobicity are directly proportional to initial PEG content in the PHB/PEG blends. The growth rate of COS-1 fibroblasts on polymer films is determined by combination of two basic physicochemical properties of the polymer surface: the roughness and hydrophilicity. The optimal roughness requred for COS-1 cells growth is the average roughness more than 25 nm, whereas the limit values of the contact angle "water-polymer" that was responsible for relatively high cell viability were not found. These data indicate that the film surface roughness had the greatest effect on the cell growth, whereas the increase in the polymer surface hydrophilicity caused the additional positive effect on viability of attached cells. Thus, the modification of PHB polymer material by PEG resulted in the improved viability of cells cultivated on the polymer films in vitro. The obtained data can be used for development of such medical devices as surgeon patches and periodontal membranes.
Biochemical markers predicting response to radiation- and radiochemo-therapy in cancer patients
Authors: Ivanov S.D.
Published: April 2015

In last years there is increasing interest in radiogenomics and the characterization of DNA array molecular profiles that can predict tumor and no tumor tissues radioresponse. Ongoing studies carried out worldwide in the banking of tumor and no tumor samples give evidence that perspective markers for response prediction in individual patient to intended radiation therapy can be some apoptotic indexes, spectrum a number of specific proteins, and DNA-based microarray molecular profiling analysis as well determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genome of the patients. So far there are only a few robust reports of molecular markers predicting tumor and no tumor tissues response to radiation. The results of new studies, which in future should be validated in larger definitive trials, are likely to see in nearest years. It is needed to determine technologies of methods and to define more precisely areas of its applications.
Angiotensin converting enzyme and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kugaevskaya E.V.
Published: April 2015

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable degenerative disease of the central nervous system, leading to dementia. The basis of AD is neurodegenerative process that leads to death of neurons in the cerebral cortex. This neurodegenerative process is associated with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles in the brain and the deposition of senile plaques, the main component of which is a beta-amyloid peptide (Ab). Risk factors for AD are age, as well as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia in the pathogenesis of which involved angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) – key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and kallikrein-kinin (KKS) systems. Recently it was discovered that ACE, along with other metallopeptidases, participates in the metabolism of Ab, cleaving the bonds at the N-terminal and C-terminal region of the molecule Ab. The role of the ACE in the degradation processes of Ab takes an interest. It is associated with the fact that the using of ACE inhibitors is the main therapeutic approach used in the treatment of various forms of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. However, until now not been resolved, can be used antihypertensive drugs that inhibit RAS for the treatment or prevention of AD. Currently, there are numerous studies on finding the relationship between RAS and AD.
Modification of placenta blood serum proteins under low temperature effect
Authors: Falko O.V. , Zemlianskykh N.G. , Lipina O.V. , Procopyuk O.S.
Published: April 2015

Changes in environmental physical and chemical factors upon freeze-thawing and low temperature storage of biological samples can result in impairments of protein structures. This work specifies spontaneous and diamide-induced protein aggregations of placenta blood serum stored at -20° and -196°C during 2 years with SDS-PAGE. It was shown that storage of placenta blood serum at low temperatures did not cause any quantitative and qualitative changes in fraction distribution of proteins denatured with SDS in comparison to the native samples which were not frozen. Application of b-mercaptoethanol revealed that placenta blood serum proteins upon freeze-thawing did not form spontaneous aggregates linked by disulphide bridges. Oxidation of amino acid sulfhydryl groups induced by diamide and accompanied by high molecular aggregate formation proved to be a quite effective way for indirect estimation of structural changes in protein upon low temperature effects. In samples thawed after low temperature storage the protein aggregation with 4 mM diamide was significantly higher than in native serum. These discrepancies between native and frozen-thawed samples are stipulated by impairments of protein structure under low temperature and increased in accessibility of reactive SH-groups of proteins for oxidation with diamide. Structural changes in placenta blood serum proteins, which caused by low temperatures and revealed by elevated sensibility to diamide-induced aggregate formation, did not depend on temperature (-20° и -196°C) and storage terms (2 years and 3 weeks). They reflect protein reaction to freeze-thawing processes and could be sequence of ice crystal formation which takes place in unprotected media.
Integrins as a potential target for targeted anticancer therapy
Authors: Berman A.E. , Kozlova N.I. , Morozevich G E.
Published: April 2015

The review briefly summarizes information of structure of integrins and their involvement in the development and malignant progression of tumors. Special attention is paid to approaches based on modification of functional properties of integrins that prevent/antagonize tumor growth and progression; these approaches developed in modern experimental biology have certain perspective in clinical application.
Conotoxins: from the biodiversity of gastropods to new drugs
Authors: Fedosov A.E. , Moshkovskii S.A. , Kuznetsova K.G. , Olivera B.M.
Published: April 2015

A review describes general trends in research of conotoxins that are peptide toxins isolated from sea gastropods of the Conus genus, since the toxins were discovered in 1970 . There are disclosed a conotoxin classification, their structure diversity and different ways of action to their molecular targets, mainly, ion channels. In the applied aspect of conotoxin research, drug discovery and development is discussed, the drugs being based on conotoxin structure. A first exemplary drug is a ziconotide, which is an analgesic of new generation.
SPR-biosensor assay for analysis of small compounds interaction with human cytochrome P450 51A1 (CYP51A1)
Authors: Gnedenko O.V. , Kaluzhskiy L.A. , Molnar A.A. , Yantsevich A.V. , Mukha D.V. , Gilep A.A. , Usanov S.A. , Stonik V.A. , Ivanov A.S. , Lisitsa A.V. , Archakov A.I.
Published: April 2015

The SPR assay for human cytochrome P450 51A1's (CYP51A1) ligand screening was developed. Assay has been validated with known azole inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. The studied azoles selectively interacted with human cytochrome P450 51A1, which showed the highest affinity towards ketoconazole. The efficiency of the SPR assay was showed with 19 steroid and triterpene compounds, which were not investigated as potential ligands of CYP51A1.
Effects of low power laser radiation of blue, green and red ranges on free radical processes in rat blood in endotoxic shock
Authors: Machneva T.V. , Kosmacheva N.V. , Vladimirov Yu.A. , Osipov A.N.
Published: April 2015

This study was performed to investigate the effects of low power laser radiation in blue (441.2 nm), green (532.5 nm) and red (632.8 nm) wavelength ranges on free radical processes in experimental endotoxic shock in rats. The experimental model was produced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysacharide B (25 mg/kg) (LPS). The following parameters were assayed in the study: the chemiluminescent assay (to evaluate the free radical production by blood leukocytes), nitro blue tetrazolium assay (to monitor the superoxide dismutase activity of plasma) and cis -parinaric acid fluorescence (to estimate the intensity of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes). It was found that the low power laser radiation significantly influenced all investigated processes, in animals both treated and untreated without LPS injection. The most pronounced effects were observed in all groups of animals subjected to the low power laser radiation: at the dose of 0.75 J/cm2 green laser was most effective and at the dose of 1.5 J/cm2 green and red lasers provided maximal effects. The mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.
A monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha modify metabolic activity in lymphocytes from rat’s exposed chronic ethanol consumption
Authors: Haretskaya M.V. , Sheibak V.M.
Published: April 2015

Administration of infliximab (a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-a 1-10 mg/kg for 10 days) to Wistar rats consuming ethanol for 10 weeks significantly changed levels of free amino acids and their nitrogenous metabolites in liver lymphocytes.
Effect of melatonin on antioxidant state under type II diabetes at rat
Authors: Agarkov A.A. , Popova T.N. , Matasova L.V.
Published: April 2015

The effect of melatonin on the intensity of free radical processes and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1.) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) has been investigated in liver and blood serum of rats with diabetes mellitus type II. The development of diabetes was accompanied by the increase in biochemiluminescence parameters and the enzyme activities studied. Melatonin administration changed the parameters studied towards control values.
Antitumor activity of L-asparaginase from Erwinia Carotovora from against different leukemic and solid tumours cell lines
Authors: Abakumova O.Yu. , Podobed O.V. , Karalkin P.A. , Kondakova L.I. , Sokolov N.N.
Published: April 2015

We have studied dose- and time-dependent antitumor and cytotoxic effects of Erwinia carotovora L-asparaginase (ECAR LANS) and Escherichia coli L-asparaginase (MEDAC) on human leukemic cells and human and animal solid tumor cells. We determined the sensitivity of tumor cells to L-asparaginases, as well the effect L-asparaginases on cell growth rate, protein and DNA synthesis per se and with addition of different cytostatics. The data obtained demonstrated that ECAR LANS L-asparaginase suppressed growth of all tested solid tumor cells. Evaluation of leukemic cell number after treatment with L-asparaginases for 24, 48 and 72 h demonstrated that asparagine deficiency did not kill cells but stopped normal cell division and had no effect on protein and DNA synthesis. Cytofluorometric study of solid and leukemic cells demonstrated that the treatment with L-asparaginase for 72 h did not change cell cycle phase distribution and did not increase the number of apoptotic cells. The HL-60 cell line was only exemption. At the same time, cells treatment with L-asparaginase and doxorubicin combination leaded to increase of apoptotypical cell number to 60% for MCF7 cells, to 40% for Jurkat cells and to 99% for HL-60 cells. We have excluded apoptosis as main reason for tumor cell death after asparaginase treatment because multi resistant Jurkat/A4 cells have been asparaginase sensitive. We have not found ECAR LANS L-asparaginase effect on normal human fibroblasts growth ability and we had come to conclusion that enzyme cytotoxcisity related only with asparagine deficiency.
Carbohydrates metabolism disturbances when simulating prenatal alcohol intoxication
Authors: Kurch N.M. , Vysokogorsky V.E.
Published: April 2015

The influence of prenatal alcohol intoxication on carbohydrate metabolism markers has been investigated at different terms of postnatal offspring development (15, 30 and 60 days). Plasma glucose decreased as compared with the same in control group was detected. In the liver homogenates an increase of phosphorylase activity and a decrease of glucose-6-phosphatase, aldolase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were found. These changes were accompanied by the incease in the lactate/pyruvate index attributed to increased lactate content in the liver tissue. The obtained data indicate essential disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism markers in prenatal alcoholized offspring, which include stable hypoglycemia, suppression of glycolytic and pentosephosphate pathways of glucose metabolism and lactate accumulation in the liver.
Amethystic agents influencing toxicodynamics of ethanol
Authors: Golovko A.I.
Published: April 2015

The pathogenetic mechanisms of acute alcoholic intoxications are examined and is based the expediency of the search for the amethystic agents, which influence neurotransmitter systems. Promising should be considered the agents, which modulate GABA-systems (partial reverse agonists of benzodiazepine receptors), glutamate (antagonists of metabotropic receptors mGluR2/3), opioid neuropeptides (antagonists of opioid receptors), acetylcholine (reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and M-cholinoagonists), adenosine (selective antagonists of A -receptors). The amethystic effect manifest also the substances, which modify the second messengers systems (calcium, nitrergic and cascade of arachidonic acid). The most of the means examined possesses the moderate amethystic potential, and effectiveness is manifested predominantly during the preventive application.
Hypoxic preconditioning modifies the activity of prond antioxidant systems in rat hippocampus
Authors: Kislin M.S. , Stroev S.A. , Gluschenko T.S. , Tulkova E.I. , Pelto-Huikko M. , Samoilov M.O.
Published: April 2015

The effects of repetitive mild hypobaric hypoxic preconditioning upon pro- and antioxidant systems in rat hippocampus were studied. It was found that three-trial preconditioning by mild hypobaric hypoxia (360 mm Hg, 2 h) induced moderate oxidative stress immediately after the last preconditioning trial. In addition, it down-regualted the levels of peptide antioxidants (Trx-1, Trx-2, Cu,Zn-SOD) and several lipid peroxidation products 24 h later.
Optimization of L-phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase liophilization
Authors: Babich O.O. , Prosekov A.Y.
Published: April 2015

The influence of freezing-thawing on the activity of recombinant L-phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase has been investigated. Conditions of liophilization of recombinant L-phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase at which enzyme loses about 10% of activity in a single freeze-thaw cycle are chosen. Dependence of cryoscopic temperature of enzyme from concentration of protein in a preparation is studied. The optimum temperature of freezing of enzymatic preparation L-phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase for sublimatic drying is chosen.
Protein-protein interactions of cytochromes P450 3A4 and 3A5 with their intermediate redox partners cytochromes
Authors: Gnedenko O.V. , Ivanov A.S. , Yablokov E.O. , Usanov S.A. , Mukha D.V. , Sergeev G.V. , Kuzikov A.V. , Bulko T.V. , Moskaleva N.E. , Shumyantseva V.V. , Archakov A.I.
Published: April 2015

Molecular interactions between proteins redox partners (cytochromes Р450 3А4, 3А5 and cytochrome b ) within the monooxygenase system, which is known to be involved in drug biotransformation, were investigated. Human cytochromes Р450 3А4 and 3А5 (CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) form complexes with various cytochromes b : the microsomal ( b5mc ) and mitochondrial ( b5om ) forms of this protein, as well as with 2 “chimeric” proteins, b5(om-mc) , b5(mc-om) . Kinetic constants and equilibrium dissociation constants were determined by the SPR biosensor. Essential distinction between CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 was only observed upon their interactions with cytochrome b5om . Electroanalytical characteristics of electrodes with immobilized hemoproteins were obtained. The electrochemical analysis of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, b5mc, b5om , b5(om-mc) , and b5(mc-om) immobilized on screen printed graphite electrodes modified with membranous matrix revealed that these proteins have very close reduction potentials -0.435- -0.350 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Cytochrome b mc was shown to be capable of stimulating the electrocatalytic activity of CYP3A4 to testosterone.
Advances of selenium supplementation in posttraumatic stress disorder risk group patients
Authors: Voicehovskis V.V. , Voicehovska J.G. , Skesters A. , Ancane G. , Silova A. , Ivascenko T. , Micans J. , Vaivads N.
Published: April 2015

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex of symptoms developed in a patient after traumatic event. The basis of PTSD pathophysiology is hyper activation of neurones under stress factors influence, so-called excitotoxicity, followed by oxidative stress (OS) because of an accumulation of free radicals. Lipid peroxidation can lead to neurons damage. Neurons are especially susceptible to OS, changing signal transduction and information processing mechanisms. Clinically excitotoxicity preforms as different acute and/or chronic stress reactions and can cause PTSD. Selenium (Se) is involved on different stages of transport and metabolism of Glutamate. Research aim: to access PTSD incidence, OS parameters and their adjustment advances using organic Se in PTSD risk group patients. PTSD symptomatic severity (in PCL-M points) reduced for 5.85% to baseline, Prevalence Rate reduced for 46.03% to baseline in Se group patients. We can conclude that: 1) there is a statistically reliable correlations between the incidence of PTSD and OS parameters, between PTSD symptomatic severity and OS parameters; 2) the use of Se during the mission can reduce the OS parameters, minimize the incidence of PTSD and reduce the PTSD symptomatic severity.
Development of barcode and proteome profiling of glioblastoma
Authors: Naryzhny S.N. , Ronzhina N.L. , Mainskova M.A. , Belyakova N.V. , Pantina R.A. , Filatov M.V.
Published: April 2015

High grade glioma (glioblastoma) is the most common brain tumor. Its malignancy makes it the fourth biggest cause of cancer death. In our experiments we used several glioblastoma cell lines generated in our laboratory to obtain proteomics information specific for this disease. This study starts our developing the complete 2DE map of glioblastoma proteins. 2DE separation with following imaging, immunochemistry, spot picking, and mass-spectrometry allowed us detecting and identifying more than 100 proteins. Several of them have prominent differences in their level between norm and cancer. Among them are alpha-enolase (ENOA_HUMAN), pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2 (KPYM_HUMAN), cofilin 1 (COF1_HUMAN), translationally-controlled tumor protein TCTP_HUMAN, annexin 1 (ANXA1_HUMAN), PCNA (PCNA_HUMAN), p53 (TP53_HUMAN) and others. Most interesting results were obtained with protein p53. In all glioblastoma cell lines, its level was dramatically up regulated and enriched by multiple additional isoforms. This distribution is well correlated with presence of these proteins inside of cells themselves. At this initial step we suggest the panel of specific brain tumor markers (signature) to help creating noninvasive techniques to diagnose disease. These preliminary data point to these proteins as promising markers of glioblastoma.
Glycine receptors in nervous tissue and their functional role
Authors: Nikandrov V.N. , Balashevich T.V.
Published: April 2015

The literature data on glycine metabolism in neural tissue, mitochondrial Gly-cleaving system, Gly-catching system in neural and glial cells are summarized. The peculiarities of localization and distribution of specific glycine receptors and binding-sites in nervous tissue of mammals are described. Four types of glycine-binding receptors are described: own specific glycine receptor (Gly-R), ionotropic receptor, which binds N-methyl-D-aspartate selectively (NMDA-R), and ionotropic receptors of g-aminobutyrate (GABA A -R, GABA С -R). The feutures of glycine effects in neuroglial cultures are discussed
Introduction of mutations in insulin molecule: positive and negative mutations
Authors: Ksenofontova O.I.
Published: April 2015

Introduction of mutations in an insulin molecule is one of the important approaches to drug development for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Generally, usage of mutations is aimed at activation of insulin and insulin receptor interaction. Such mutations can be considered as positive. Mutations that reduce the binding efficacy are negative. There are neutral mutations as well. This article considers both natural mutations that are typical for various members of the insulin superfamily and artificial ones which are introduced to improve the insulin pharmacological characteristics. Data presented here can be useful in developing new effective insulin analogues for treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Microbic synthesis of deuterium labelled L-phenylalanine with different levels of isotopic enrichment by facultative methylotrophic bacterium brevibacterium methylicum with RMP assimilation of carbon
Authors: Mosin O.V. , Shvets V.I. , Skladnev D.A. , Ignatov I.
Published: April 2015

The preparative microbial synthesis of amino acids labelled with stable isotopes, including deuterium ( 2 H), suitable for biomedical applications by methylotrophic bacteria was studied using L-phenylalanine as example. This amino acid is secreted by Gram-negative aerobic facultative methylotrophic bacteria Brevibacterium methylicum, assimilating methanol via ribulose-5-monophosphate (RMP) cycle of assimilation of carbon, The data on adaptation of L-phenylalanine secreted by methylotrophic bacterium В. methylicum to the maximal concentration of deuterium in the growth medium with 98% 2 Н 2 O and 2% [ 2 Н]methanol, and biosynthesis of deuterium labelled L-phenylalanine With different levels of enrichment are presented. The strain was adapted by means of plating initial cells on firm (2% agarose) minimal growth media with an increasing gradient of 2 Н 2 O concentration from 0; 24.5; 49.0; 73.5 up to 98% 2 Н 2 O followed by subsequent selection of separate colonies stable to the action of 2 Н 2 O. These colonies were capable to produce L-phenylalanine. L-phenylalanine was extracted from growth medium by extraction with isopropanol with the subsequent cristallization in ethanol (output 0.65 g/l). The developed method of microbial synthesis allows to obtain deuterium labelled L-phenylalanine with different levels of isotopic enrichment, depending on concentration of 2 Н 2 O in growth media, from 17% (on growth medium with 24,5% 2 Н 2 O) up to 75% (on growth medium with 98% 2 Н 2 O) of deuterium in the molecule that is confirmed with the data of the electron impact (EI) mass- spectrometry analysis of methyl ethers of N-dimethylamino(naphthalene)-5-sulfochloride (dansyl) phenylalanine in these experimental conditions.
Effect of melaxen and valdoxan on free radical processes intensity, aconitate hydratase activity and citrate content in rats tissues under hyperthyroidism
Authors: Gorbenko M.V. , Popova T.N. , Shulgin K.K. , Popov S.S. , Agarkov A.A.
Published: April 2015

The influence of melaxen and valdoxan on the biochemiluminescence parameters, aconitate hydratase activity and citrate level in rats heart and liver during development of experimental hyperthyroidism has been investigated. Administration of these substances promoted a decrease of biochemiluminescence parameters, which had been increased in tissues of rats in response to the development of oxidative stress under hyperthyroidism. Aconitate hydratase activity and citrate concentration in rats liver and heart, growing at pathological conditions, changed towards control value after administration of the drugs correcting melatonin level. The results indicate the positive effect of valdoxan and melaxen on oxidative status of the organism under the development of experimental hyperthyroidism that is associated with antioxidant action of melatonin.
The application of ecological stoichiometry to plant–microbial–soil organic matter transformations
Authors: Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Keiblinger Katharina Maria , Mooshammer Maria , Peñuelas Josep , Richter Andreas , Sardans Jordi , Wanek Wolfgang
Published: April 2015

Elemental stoichiometry constitutes an inherent link between biogeochemistry and the structure and processes within food webs, and thus is at the core of ecosystem functioning. Stoichiometry allows for spanning different levels of biological organization, from cellular metabolism to ecosystem structure and nutrient cycling, and is therefore particularly useful for establishing links between different ecosystem compartments. We review elemental carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus (C:N:P) ratios in terrestrial ecosystems (from vegetation, leaf litter, woody debris, and dead roots, to soil microbes and organic matter). While the stoichiometry of the plant, litter, and soil compartments of ecosystems is well understood, heterotrophic microbial communities, which dominate the soil food web and drive nutrient cycling, have received increasing interest in recent years.

This review highlights the effects of resource stoichiometry on soil microorganisms and decomposition, specifically on the structure and function of heterotrophic microbial communities and suggests several general patterns. First, latitudinal gradients of soil and litter stoichiometry are reflected in microbial community structure and function. Second, resource stoichiometry may cause changes in microbial interactions and community dynamics that lead to feedbacks in nutrient availability. Third, global change alters the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios of primary producers, with repercussions for microbial decomposer communities and critical ecosystem services such as soil fertility. We argue that ecological stoichiometry provides a framework to analyze and predict such global change effects at various scales.
Targeting climate diversity in conservation planning to build resilience to climate change
Authors: Heller Nicole E. , Kreitler Jason , Ackerly David D. , Weiss Stuart B. , Recinos Amanda , Branciforte Ryan , Flint Lorraine E. , Flint Alan L. , Micheli Elisabeth
Published: April 2015

Climate change is raising challenging concerns for systematic conservation planning. Are methods based on the current spatial patterns of biodiversity effective given long‐term climate change? Some conservation scientists argue that planning should focus on protecting the abiotic diversity in the landscape, which drives patterns of biological diversity, rather than focusing on the distribution of focal species, which shift in response to climate change. Climate is one important abiotic driver of biodiversity patterns, as different climates host different biological communities and genetic pools. We propose conservation networks that capture the full range of climatic diversity in a region will improve the resilience of biotic communities to climate change compared to networks that do not. In this study we used historical and future hydro‐climate projections from the high resolution Basin Characterization Model to explore the utility of directly targeting climatic diversity in planning. Using the spatial planning tool, Marxan, we designed conservation networks to capture the diversity of climate types, at the regional and sub‐regional scale, and compared them to networks we designed to capture the diversity of vegetation types. By focusing on the Conservation Lands Network (CLN) of the San Francisco Bay Area as a real‐world case study, we compared the potential resilience of networks by examining two factors: the range of climate space captured, and climatic stability to 18 future climates, reflecting different emission scenarios and global climate models. We found that the climate‐based network planned at the sub‐regional scale captured a greater range of climate space and showed higher climatic stability than the vegetation and regional based‐networks. At the same time, differences among network scenarios are small relative to the variance in climate stability across global climate models. Across different projected futures, topographically heterogeneous areas consistently show greater climate stability than homogenous areas. The analysis suggests that utilizing high‐resolution climate and hydrological data in conservation planning improves the likely resilience of biodiversity to climate change. We used these analyses to suggest new conservation priorities for the San Francisco Bay Area.
Stolon Planting Rate Effects on Tifton 85 Bermudagrass Establishment
Authors: Baseggio M. , Newman Y. C. , Sollenberger L. E. , Fraisse C. , Obreza T.
Published: April 2015

Cultivar Tifton 85 bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is often propagated using stolons, but the planting rate required for successful establishment varies under different soil conditions and on‐farm irrigation management. In the sandy soils of the U.S. Gulf Coast, desiccation of planting material can occur rapidly even under irrigated conditions due to variable on‐farm irrigation management, and few studies have evaluated stolon planting rate effects under these conditions. The objective was to assess the effect of stolon planting densities on establishment of Tifton 85. Treatments in this 2‐yr field study were five planting rates including 1120, 1570, 2020, 2470, and 2920 kg ha−1 arranged in four replicates of a randomized complete block design. Increasing planting rates increased bermudagrass frequency, ground cover, and dry matter harvested and decreased weed cover. All treatments had >80% bermudagrass frequency of occurrence and ground cover 3 mo after planting in 2011, but the three greatest planting rates achieved 80% frequency at 40 days after planting (DAP) compared with 68 DAP for the other treatments. In 2012, no treatment reached 80% frequency or ground cover until 118 DAP. The lowest stolon‐planting rate had 38% weed cover in April the year following planting compared with <15% for the three greatest planting rates. Independent of the year, the three highest rates presented greater cumulative herbage harvested than the lowest densities. These data suggest that planting rates of 2000 kg ha−1 or greater will likely be required to achieve rapid and successful Tifton 85 establishment in sandy soil environments.
Impact of Eight‐Year Topsoil Removal and Soil Amendments on Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission in an Eroded Chinese Mollisols
Authors: Miao Shujie , Zhou Keqin , Sui Yueyu , Zhang Xingyi , Liu Xiaobing
Published: April 2015

Soil erosion is a serious environmental issue. Information in the severity of soil erosion on CO2 emission is limited. A soil erosion simulation experiment was used to examine the influence of topsoil removal and cattle manure amendment on soil CO2 emission for a cultivated Mollisols in Northeast China. Soil CO2 flux was determined during corn (Zea mays L.) growing season. Our results showed that after 8‐yr treatment, topsoil removal decreased CO2 emission in the order of 30 cm < 10 cm < 5 cm < 20 cm < 0 cm under chemical fertilizer treatment alone and 20 cm < 10 cm < 30 cm < 5 cm < 0 cm for cattle manure addition. At the same erosion depth, cattle manure addition increased soil CO2 emission compared to chemical fertilizer alone treatment. During growing season, the CO2 flux pattern changed from one peak in chemical fertilizer alone treatment to two peaks in cattle manure addition treatments. In the chemical fertilizer alone system, only microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) fractions were significantly correlated with total CO2 emission. However, cattle manure addition changed the relationship between soil C fraction and CO2 emission. The MBC, particulate organic carbon (POC), and light fraction organic carbon (LOC) were significantly positively correlated with total CO2 emission. Though on‐site CO2 emission was significantly reduced after the soil was severely eroded, restoration of eroded soil productivity by cattle manure amendments might release more CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Adoption of cattle manure application to eroded Mollisols needs considering the potential negative impact of more CO2 emission.