bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Core-Magnetic Composites Catalysts for the Valorization and Up-grading of the Renewable Feedstocks: A Minireview
Authors: Parvulescu Vasile I. , Coman Simona M.
Published: December 2018

Background:

Core-magnetic composites offer unique possibilities to accommodate adequate
amounts of acid-base and redox functional sites and hence to catalyze the biomass conversion
reactions in a one-pot way. Moreover, due to the dual functionality, the core-magnetic composites
provide a bridge between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. Hence, this minireview aims to
offer a comprehensive account of remarkable recent applications of core-magnetic composites in the
catalytic processes for biomass valorization.

Methods:

A critical evaluation of synthetic methodologies utilized for the production of the magnetic
nanoparticles, characterization techniques and catalytic applications is provided.

Results:

The benefits of their utilization are exemplified by most representative examples of one-pot
transformation of cellulose and upgrading processes. Other recent examples constitute the lignin
fragmentation on magnetic iron oxide-based catalysts and the renewable crude glycerol up-grading
using core-shell magnetic iron oxide bio-based materials.

Conclusion:

The review provides important information on the distinctive properties of the functionalized
core-magnetic composites. Moreover, this review offers useful information affording a largescale
production development, in terms of catalyst and reaction conditions, tailoring selectivity, and
the potential to regenerate the catalysts.
Jeremy Waldron, The Harm in Hate Speech. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2012.
Authors: Shecaira Fábio
Published: December 2018

RESUMO:Resenha do Livro The Harm in Hate Speech de Jeremy Waldron
Нормативно-правовое обеспечение семейной медицины в свете реформы здравоохранения Украины
Authors: Voronenko U. , Shekera O.
Published: December 2018

В статье обсуждаются подходы к реформированию системы здравоохранения Украины, ключевыми задачами которой являются: усовершенствование нормативно-правовой базы функционирования первичной медико-санитарной помощи, модернизация инфраструктуры и обеспечение справедливости в здравоохранении.
Аналіз проблем кадрового забезпечення первинної медичної допомоги в контексті реформування галузі охорони здоров’я в Україні
Authors: Voronenko Yu. , Goyda N. , Shekera O.
Published: December 2018

У статті висвітлюється стан реформування галузі охорони здоров’я України на засадах сімейної медицини, зокрема, зосереджено увагу на проблемі кадрового забезпечення первинної ланки у процесі реформування. Наведені статистичні дані щодо динаміки кадрового дефіциту, розглядаються основні заходи, які здійснюються державою для вирішення цієї проблеми, запропоновані інші кроки, що дозволять поліпшити стан забезпечення сімейними лікарями та середнім медичним персоналом центрів первинної медичної допомоги, серед яких особлива увага приділяється питанням соціально-економічного захисту медичних працівників та їх безперервного професійного розвитку.
Мониторинг здоровья городского населения
Authors: Karasevа L.
Published: December 2018

Мониторинг здоровья населения определяется как система организационно - технических и профилактических мероприятий, обеспечивающих наблюдение за состоянием здоровья населения, его оценку и прогнозирование, а также мероприятий, направленных на выявление, предупреждение и устранение влияния вредных факторов среды обитания (факторов риска) на здоровье населения. Данный метод является преимущественным средством оценки сдвигов в здоровье населения, состояния медицинской помощи и формирования на этой основе данных о заболеваемости, что необходимо для эффективной работы лечебно-профилактического учреждения.
Особенности течения гипертонической болезни у лиц первого периода зрелости, работающих в ночную смену
Authors: Aseyeva Ye. , Zarubina Ye.
Published: December 2018

В статье представлен анализ особенностей течения гипертонической болезни у лиц первого периода зрелости, продолжительное время работающих в ночную смену. Показано, что выраженные клинические проявления нарушений функций сердечно-сосудистой системы возникают в этой возрастной группе после 5 лет непрерывного воздействия ночного характера труда, а начальная симптоматика нарушений сосудистого тонуса регистрируется уже в среднем через 3 года работы в ночное время. Доказано неблагоприятное воздействие ночного характера труда на течение гипертонической болезни у лиц молодого возраста. Выявлена сильная корреляционная зависимость тяжести течения гипертонической болезни от продолжительности работы в ночное время.
Нейросетевое моделирование принятия решения в клинической практике
Authors: Supilnikov A. , Chebykin A. , Zarubina Ye.
Published: December 2018

Основой работы самообучающихся нейропрограмм является нейронная сеть, представляющая собой совокупность нейронов - простых элементов, связанных между собой определенным образом. Структура взаимосвязей между нейронами в нейрокомпьютере или нейропрограмме аналогична таковой в биологических объектах. Искусственный нейрон имеет коммуникации с другими нейронами через синапсы, передающие сигналы от других нейронов к данному (дендриты) или от данного нейрона к другим (аксон). Кроме того, нейрон может быть связан сам с собой. Несколько нейронов, связанных между собой определенным образом, образуют нейронную сеть.
Factores psicosociales laborales inmersos en el contexto de los docentes en una institución educativa estatal de San Juan de Pasto
Authors: Dávila Burbano Hernán Darío , Lombana Mora Lady Dayanne , Matabanchoy Tulcan Sonia Maritza , Zambrano Guerrero Christian Alexander
Published: December 2018

Los factores psicosociales deben representar un papel importante dentro de cada organización ya que estos afectan directamente el desempeño del trabajador y su salud, como también la funcionalidad de la empresa, es por ello que el presente estudio tiene como objetivo la identificación de los factores psicosociales intralaborales y extralaborales en docentes de una Institución Educativa Estatal de San Juan de Pasto, a través de una metodología descriptiva con diseño transversal, donde se aplicó tres cuestionarios del Ministerio de la Protección Social de Colombia (2010): Batería de Instrumentos para la Evaluación de Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial (Ficha de Datos Generales, el Cuestionario de Riesgo Psicosocial Intralaboral (forma A) y el Cuestionario de Riesgo Psicosocial Extralaboral). Los resultados muestran que los docentes no están exentos de estar expuestos en riesgos intralaborales y extralaborales ya que las diferentes condiciones que se presentan dentro y fuera del lugar de trabajo, afectan su salud y desempeño en la Institución, lo cual se evidencia en la mayor parte de la población que puntúa algunas dimensiones en riesgo alto y muy alto.
Bajos niveles de lectura en los jóvenes universitarios: un problema estructural. Una explicación desde la teoría de Emile Durkheim
Authors: Villamarin Martínez Francisco Javier
Published: December 2018

El objetivo de este breve escrito es presentar una explicación desde la teoría sociológica de Émile Durkheim a los bajos niveles de lectura que reportan los jóvenes universitarios de este tiempo, así como a los débiles esfuerzos que la sociedad y el Estado han emprendido para transformar esta situación. El método empleado es el análisis documental, el cual arrojó argumentos y evidencias para fortalecer una hipótesis tentativa que no es definitiva ni absoluta, sino que es susceptible de ser falseada. Siguiendo esta línea, más que conclusiones, este trabajo avanza en la discusión y análisis de una problemática que complejiza la actividad académica y universitaria, y que genera incertidumbre sobre el futuro de los jóvenes universitarios en el campo laboral y de aplicación de sus disciplinas.
La función de producción Cobb-Douglas en el Ecuador
Authors: Briones Mendoza Xavier Fernando , Molero Oliva Leobaldo Enrique , Calderón Zamora Oscar Xavier
Published: December 2018

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar el comportamiento de la elasticidad del producto ante cambios en los dos factores de producción: capital y trabajo, en una función de producción con rendimientos constantes a escala. Para ello, se discute el marco teórico de acuerdo a la revisión bibliográfica efectuada y mediante algunos modelos econométricos se estima una función con propiedades neoclásicas como la función Cobb-Douglas para el caso del Ecuador en el período 1950-2014. En el modelo teórico la elasticidad es otra forma de presentar las participaciones de cada insumo dentro del producto, y en competencia perfecta son iguales a las remuneraciones recibidas en la distribución del ingreso. Las estimaciones efectuadas arrojan resultados que indican una participación del capital dentro del producto que oscila entre 0,60 y 0,70, es decir, esto es la elasticidad del producto respecto al capital, según varias regresiones a corto y a largo plazo de la función de producción agregada e intensiva. Los resultados hallados coinciden con las estimaciones disponibles para un amplio grupo de países en vía de desarrollo.
Сравнение эффективности схем утепления в системах навесных вентилируемых фасадов
Authors: Elokhov Aleksandr E. , Verkhovskiy Alexey A. , Borisov Vitaliy A.
Published: December 2018

В статье рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с качеством монтажа утепления навесных вентилируемых фасадов, и, в первую очередь, связанные с зазорами между теплоизоляци­онными плитами. В соответствии с СТО НОСТРОЙ 2.14.67-2012 «Навесные фасадные системы с воздушным зазором. Работы по устройству. Общие требования к производству и контролю работ» допустимая величина незаполненного шва составля­ет 2 мм. В реальности добиться требуемой ширины зазора между плитами просто невозможно, а на однослойных схемах утепления возникают дополнительные повышенные теплопо­тери. Произведена оценка влияния зазоров между плитами теплоизоляции на приведённое сопротивление теплопере­даче наружной стены с системой навесного вентилируемого фасада с использованием российской и европейской методик расчёта. Расчёты проведены согласно СП 50.13330.2012, СП 230.1325800.2015 и EN ISO 6946. Для анализа приняты две конструкции наружной стены - из монолитного железобетона и кладки из газобетонных блоков - и три варианта утепления: однослойное и два двухслойных. Предложены оптимальные варианты теплоизоляции и типы оснований для крепления теплоизоляции. Рассмотрены три типа воздушных прослоек согласно EN ISO 6946 и взят в расчёты третий тип - сильно вентилируемая прослойка. Представлены результаты рас­чётов двухмерных температурных полей, линейных коэффи­циентов теплопередачи, коэффициентов теплотехнической однородности и приведённых сопротивлений теплопере­дачи для 16 вариантов сочетаний зазоров в теплоизоляции и оснований.
Развитие Ярославля во II половине XIX – начале XX века
Authors: Nashchokina Maria V.
Published: December 2018

Статья посвящена обзору градостроительных изменений и проектных инициатив во всех сферах городской жизни в Ярославле второй половины XIX - начала XX века и базируется на архивных документах. Ярославль, возникновение которого связано с именем Ярослава Мудрого, - крупный губернский город, расположенный на высоком мысу при впадении реки Которосли в Волгу, к середине XIX века имел уже более чем восьмивековой возраст. Как и в большинстве волжских городов, основным градоформирующим фактором в Ярославле второй половины XIX - начала XX века было развитие порта и связанных с ним подъездных путей (включая стремительно умножавшиеся железные дороги), складских территорий, мостов, портовых инженерных сооружений, и развитие промышленности, иногда впрямую, иногда опосредованно также связанной с жизнью порта, от которого, как правило, зависел ввоз сырья и вывоз готовой продукции. Исследование показало, что сложившаяся градостроительная структура Ярославля не подвергалась в этот период серьёзным реконструктивным переменам, коррективы чаще всего обслуживали насущные потребности. Осуществление проектов, рассчитанных на далёкую перспективу (проект зимней гавани в устье Которосли), наталкивалось на экономические препятствия и частнособственнические интересы, шедшие в разрез с интересами города в целом. Таким образом, отличительной чертой градостроительного развития Ярославля второй половины XIX - начала XX века был последовательный традиционализм в сфере архитектурного образа и стилистики в сочетании с внедрением в городское благоустройство многих технических новаций, развитием железнодорожного строительства и портового хозяйства.
Analysis of specific radionuclides activity variations in soil within geotectonic units of Republic of North Macedonia
Authors: Stojanovska Zdenka , Boev Blazo , Bossew Peter , Ristova Mimoza , Dimov Gorgi , Boev Ivan , Zunic Zora
Published: December 2018

To establish baseline values for concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides for the Republic of North Macedonia, a survey covering the entire territory was performed. The 213 soil samples were collected from regions around the major settlements and cities, approximately evenly distributed over the geotectonic units which constitute the country's geological foundation. The specific activities of radionuclides were measured by gamma spectrometry. The following geometric mean values and geometric standard deviations were obtained: 550 Bqkg?1 (1.47) for 40K, 37 Bqkg?1 (1.53) for 226Ra, 38 Bqkg?1 for 238U, and 38 Bqkg?1 (1.53) for 232Th in dry soil. The relation between specific activities of natural radionuclides and geology was investigated. Correlation between radionuclides, which may serve as additional geochemical indicators, and geology could not be found convincingly. Mutual correlations between 226Ra, 238U, and 232Th activities were found to be high (Spearman ? about 0.8), whereas the ones between these and 40K are a bit lower, somewhat above ?= 0.6.

 This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/NTRP1902209E
En moralisk stormakt i post-neutral tappning: Svensk utrikespolitik 2011–2018
Authors: Fägersten Björn , Jerdén Björn
Published: December 2018

This article analyzes Sweden’s foreign policy 2011–2018. The article is part of a special issue on how the Nordic countries have responded to recent geopolitical change. The international context in which Sweden finds itself has in a number of ways changed drastically during the time of analysis. The foundations of Sweden’s foreign policy, however, have seen less change. The Swedish policy adjustments we see are rather the effects of radical change taking place in the previous two decades: the EU membership, the partnership with NATO, and the abandonment of the policy of neutrality. Sweden is thus learning how to adapt to this transformation of its international orientation during a turbulent time in global politics. The article includes an overview of Swedish foreign policy and the literature on the topic. We discuss the major actors, institutions, tools and frameworks in the foreign policy making process. A detailed analysis of the Foreign Minister’s Statement of Government Policy provides a temporal comparison over the last decade.
Norske svar på internasjonale utfordringer: Retorisk endring, stabilitet i tiltak
Authors: Haugevik Kristin , Jacob Sending Ole
Published: December 2018

Norsk utenrikspolitikk omtales ofte som preget av konsensus og stabilitet, hvor kobling til NATO og USA, støtte til FN, og en aktiv europapolitikk er hovedelementer. Inspirert av innsikter fra institusjonell teori om «organisert hykleri» – altså hvordan organisasjoner ofte må frikoble tale og handling – analyserer vi norsk utenrikspolitikk. Vi finner at det er tendenser til slikt integrert flertydighet, som ikke er overraskende gitt de motstridende krav og forventninger som preger våre omgivelser. Vi peker på hvordan et slikt perspektiv kan bidra til kritisk refleksjon rundt effektivitet i ulike virkemidler, og diskuterer også hvordan dette preger tilnærmingen til «Norden», som del av den utenrikspolitiske verktøykassen.
KAJIAN POTENSI SUMBER ENERGI BIOGAS DARI KOTORAN TERNAK UNTUK BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF DI KECAMATAN KALIREJO KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Dharma Untung Surya , Ridhuan Kemas
Published: December 2018

Biogas is a source of energy that is derived from the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) to produce a mixture of several gases are methane (CH 4) and carbon dioxide (CO 2).Biogas can be made from many types of waste material and the rest, a kind of garbage, livestock waste, agricultural waste and others.Things to consider in the development of biogas energy source so that the principle of availability of sustainable biogas as an alternative fuel can be met is a local or regional potential to produce biogas.Communities in the District Central Lampung regency Kalirejo many who maintain livestock.Waste from livestock manure is especially very disturbing and detrimental to health, it is encouraging to capitalize upon the waste as feedstock for biogas production.To assess the potential of biogas energy sources are needed data about the amount of livestock manure every day, in this study is the dung of cows, goats and chickens.Fermentation process for the three types of dirt inside the reactor each trial was conducted to determine the length / time effective and energy biogas produced.From the field data known total number of chickens are farmed as much as 176.264 , goat 12.345and cow 4.488 tail.Manure produced by 1 chicken, 1 goats and one cow in a row that is 0.055 kg / day, 0.98 kg / day and 19.5 kg / day.While the testing laboratory, known Biogas produced from each of 20 kg of dung that chicken manure yield of 2.04 m 3, cow dung yield of 0.56 m 3 and 0.76 m 3 cow dung.From field data and laboratory testing can be calculated local potential in providing sustainable biogas in District Kalirejo Kalirejo Central Lampung regency, namely the potential of biogas from chicken manure at 988.84 m 3 / day, goat manure at 338.75 m 3 / day and cow manure at 3325.61 m 3 / day.So the total potential of biogas that can be generated is equal to 4653.2 m 3 / day.Keywords: Biogas, local potentials, livestock manure, the total potential of biogas.
UJI KETAHANAN FATIK ALUMINIUM SCRAP HASIL REMELTING PISTON BEKAS MENGGUNAKAN ALAT UJI FATIK TIPE ROTARY BENDING
Authors: Budiyanto Eko , Nugroho Eko , Zainudin Agus
Published: December 2018

Aluminium merupakan salah satu logam non-ferrous yang paling banyak dipergunakan dalam bidang keteknikan karena memiliki sifat yang ringan, tahan terhadap korosi, dan dapat didaur ulang. Daur ulang adalah proses untuk menjadikan suatu bahan bekas menjadikan suatu bahan bekas menjadi suatu yang berguna. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan daur ulang dengan metode remelting aluminium piston bekas dengan harapan nantinya bahan piston bekas dapat dipergunakan kembali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahai nilai kelelahan fatik aluminium hasil remelting piston bekas pada variasi beban yang berbeda. Metode penelitian memvariasikan beban 40%, 50%, dan 60% dari Yield Strength untuk menghasilkan nilai kelelahan. Nilai uji fatik dari pembebanan 40% Yield Strength diberi beban 1,2 kg mendapatkan nilai siklus putaran 171.026 dan waktu patah 01:34:01 detik. Pada pembebanan 50% Yield Strength diberi beban 1,5 kg mendapatkan nilai siklus putaran 56.796 dengan waktu patah 00:37:52 detik. Pada pembebanan 60% Yield Strength diberi beban 1,8 kg mendapatkan nilai siklus putaran 24.384 dan waktu patah 00:16:15 detik. Semakin besar beban yang diberikan semakin kecil siklus dan waktu yang dihasilkan, sebaliknya semakin kecil beban yang diberikan semakin besar siklus dan waktu yang dihasilkan.Kata kunci : Aluminium scrap, Piston bekas, Remelting, Uji fatik, Rotary bending.
ANALISIS PENGARUH KETEBALAN PLAT BAJA KARBON RENDAH DAN LAMA PENEKANAN PADA PENGELASAN TITIK (SPOT WELDING) TERHADAP NILAI KEKUATAN TARIK
Authors: Nugroho Eko , Dharma Untung Surya , Kurniawan Sodik
Published: December 2018

Penggunaan bahan yang standar dan tenaga ahli dalam bidang pengelasan pun menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi seorang peneliti untuk mengetahui apa saja yang dibutuhkan dalam pemilihan bahan, teknik pengelasan dan jenis sambungannya. Saat ini pengelasan seolah menjadi tren karena kelebihannya dibandingkan jenis sambungan lainya seperti sambungan baut dan paku keling.Pengelasan adalah proses mencairkan sebagian logam induk dengan tujuan menyambung logam dengan atau tanpa tekanan dan logam pengisi untuk menghasilkan sambungan yang terus menerus. Las titik banyak digunakan di industri besar seperti industri mobil, industri motor dan lain sebagainya. Industri mobil biasanya menggunakan las titik untuk pengerjaan karoseri bodi mobil atau rangka. Pengelasan titik memiliki peranan sangat penting sebagai proses penyambungan dalam industri otomotif, dan setiap kendaraan mengandung 2000 – 5000 lasan titik. Kualitas dan kekuatan lasan titik sangat penting terhadap perancangan umur dan keamanan dari kendaraan. Lap joint adalah salah satu jenis sambungan las yang ada yaitu jenis sambungan tumpuk, dimana kedua benda kerja sejajar satu sama lain dengan catatan salah satu ujung dari kedua benda kerja tersebut berada pada tingkat yang sama. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kekuatan tarik dan lama tekan terhadap ketebalan plat yang paling optimal untuk pembebanan tarik. Pengelasan ini menggunakan baja karbon rendah ST 41 dan dengan menggunakan variasi ketebalan plat 0,6 mm, 0,8 mm dan 1 mm dengan lama tekan 1 detik, 2 detik dan 3 detik. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah peengujian tarik menggunakan mesin UTM (Ultimate Testing Machine). Pada hasil pengujian didapat hasil kekuatan tarik dari masing – masing spesimen, dan terjadi penurunan nilai kekuatan tarik. Untuk kekuatan tarik terbesar rata-rata yang didapat adalah 67,69 N/mm2 pada ketebalan plat 0,6 mm dengan lama tekan 3 detik.Kata Kunci: Lap Joint, Pengelasan, Las Titik, Baja Karbon Rendah, Kekuatan Tarik.
Fitoterápicos e o emagrecimento: uma relação benéfica?
Authors: Schmidt Márcia Cordeiro de Oliveira , Rapado Ludmila Nakamura
Published: December 2018

A obesidade se caracteriza por um acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal, causado por diversos fatores, como ingestão excessiva de alimentos, ansiedade, sedentarismo ou herança genética. Trata-se de um distúrbio metabólico que pode ocasionar inúmeros prejuízos à saúde humana, pois consiste em um fator de risco para a manifestação de doenças, como diabetes, hipertensão, cirrose e doenças cardiovasculares, entre outras.
Exercício físico na terceira idade
Authors: Lino Caio Felipe David de , Ortunes Douglas , Barbosa Filho Pedro Lauro de Almeida , Moreira Junior Antonio
Published: December 2018

Ao olhar para uma pessoa idosa já imaginávamos que ela poderia não ter mais controle de suas funções motoras e não realizar tarefas simples com firmeza e coordenação. O tempo passa e a busca por qualidade de vida vem aumentando e com a ajuda das redes sociais, televisão, propagandas, ou seja, todos querendo viver mais e melhor.
Kentsel Sürdürülebilirlik Kavramı Ve Kentsel Sürdürülebilirliğin Sağlanmasında Kent Konseylerinin Rolü Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: KOCAOĞLU Mustafa , SERT Suzan
Published: December 2018

1987 yılında
hazırlanmış olan Brundtland Raporu’nda tanımlanmış olan sürdürülebilir kalkınma
kavramı, genel olarak, “bugünün ihtiyaçlarının, sonraki nesillerin
ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasına yönelik birikimin riske atılmadan karşılanması”na
odaklandığı görülmektedir. Söz konusu raporda sürdürülebilirlik kavramı ise “yoksulluk
ve yoksulluğun çevre üzerindeki tahakkümü”, “hızlı nüfus artışının ve nüfus
yoğunlaşmasının yaşam kalitesine yönelik olumsuz etkileri”, “çevre kaynaklarının
aşırı şekilde tüketilmesi” ile “kentsel büyüme ve kentlerin denetimsiz bir
şekilde yayılması”na yönelik sorunlar bağlamında ele alınmıştır ve kavram,
sürdürülebilir kalkınma ile bu yolla ilişkilendirilmiştir.

Çevre
sorunlarını ortadan kaldırmayı ve ekosistemi korumayı amaçlayan kentsel
sürdürülebilirlik, sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın yerel düzeyde kentlere
uygulanmasıdır. Bu noktada kentsel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasında yerel
yönetimlere önemli görevler yüklenmiştir. Türkiye’de de kentsel
sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanmasında yerel yönetimlerin değişen rolüne koşut ve
Yerel Gündem 21 uygulamalarının bir sonucu olarak kent konseyi adındaki
mekanizmaları oluşturulmuştur.

Bu çalışmada
da öncelikle kavramsal ve kuramsal açıdan “sürdürülebilirlik”, “sürdürülebilir
kalkınma” ve “kentsel sürdürülebilirlik” kavramları ele alınacaktır. Daha
sonra, tarihsel süreç içerisinde söz konusu kavramların nasıl bir gelişim seyri
içerisinde günümüze geldiği, farklı düzeylerdeki hukuki metinler çerçevesinde
ele alınmıştır.  Ardından, Türkiye’de kent konseylerinin yapı,
kuruluş ve işleyişi ayrıntılı biçimde irdelenecek ve ulusal düzlemdeki hukuki
dayanakları üzerinde durulacaktır. Nihayet, kent konseylerinin;
sürdürülebilirlik, sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve kentsel sürdürülebilirlik
kavramları ile olan ilişkisi ve kent konseylerinin kentsel sürdürülebilirliğin
sağlanmasındaki rolü irdelenmiştir.
Efficient Synthesis of Heparinoid Bioconjugates for Tailoring FGF2 Activity at the Stem Cell-Matrix Interface
Authors: Trieger Greg W. , Verespy Stephen , L.S.M. Gordts Philip , Godula Kamil
Published: December 2018

Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS GAGs) attached to proteoglycans harbor high affinity binding sites for various growth factors (GFs) and direct their organization and activity across the cell-matrix interface. Here, we describe a mild and efficient method for generating HS-protein conjugates. The two-step process utilizes a “copper-free” click coupling between differentially sulfated heparinoids primed at their reducing end with an azide handle and a bovine serum albumin protein modified with complementary cyclooctyne functionality. When adsorbed on tissue culture substrates, the glycoconjugates served as extracellular matrix proteoglycan models with the ability to sequester FGF2 and influence mesenchymal stem cell proliferation based on the structure of their HS GAG component.
TAXES AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL SECURITY
Authors: Шумилина Вера , Shumilina Vera , Рощупкина Алина , Roschupkina Alina
Published: December 2018

The article discusses the state and tax policy in the field of economic and financial security. The essence of the components of national security is considered: economic, financial and tax. The assessment of the effectiveness of tax security factors is presented.
THE ROLE OF TAXES IN THE FORMATION OF REVENUES OF BUDGETS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Шумилин Петр , Shumilin Petr , Сушкова Татьяна , Sushkova Tatiana , Гунько Дарья , Gunko Dariya
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the structure of the Budget system of the Russian Federation, the characteristics of tax revenues. The analysis of tax revenues to the budgets of the Russian Federation for 2015-2017. Revealed the role of taxes in the formation of public finances of the Russian Federation
Prevalence of Dental Enamel Hypoplasia in the Neolithic Site of Wadi Shu'eib in Jordan
Authors: Al-Abbasi Salah El-Din , Sarie' Issa
Published: December 2018

A study of Neolithic Pre-Pottery B materials from Wado Shu'eib revealed that 38.40% of the examined teeth have dental enamel hypoplasia (DEH). Sixty percent of the anterior teeth exhibit DEH while only 21.40% of the posterior have the defect. The most affected teeth are the maxillary central incisors (72.73%) and the lower canines (62.5%). The most prevalent type of defect is the groove which is present in 68.75% of the teeth with DEH. One notable case is a lateral incisor with a slight deep and sharp groove. The sharpness and the deepness of this groove may indicate a severe stress which caused DEH to occur in a very short period. The most likely casues of DEH were general nutritional stresses. Another cause may have been environmental stresses.
Dental Analysis and Determination of Occupational Activities in a Peruvian Formative Population
Authors: Nelson Gretchen A.
Published: December 2018

Dental analysis of the individuals excavated from the Roca Verde Site in southern Peru demonstrated a relationship between dental pathology and sex-related occupational activities in a Formative Period population. Instances of dental attrition, abrasion, and premortem and postmortem fractures were the majority of the dental pathology. The pathological conditions were categorized according to sex. Macroscopic and microscopic investigations of the dentition provided evidence for a sex-related occupational dichotomy.
Book Review: The Anthropology of Modern Human Teeth: Dental Morphology and its Variation in Recent Human Populations
Authors: Brace C. Loring
Published: December 2018

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A Unilateral Connate Incisor in a ca. 2,000 Year Old Mandible from the Middle Columbia River Plateau
Authors: Tasa Guy L.
Published: December 2018

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Book Review: South Asia: India and Sri Lanka. Homind Remains, an Update No 8
Authors: Haeussler A. M.
Published: December 2018

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Dental Morphological Affinities Among Late-Pleistocene and Recent Humans
Authors: Bailey Shara E.
Published: December 2018

The study uses analyses of Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) to assess the affinities of ten populations representing early anatomically modern humans, Upper Paleolithic Europeans, recent modern humans, and Neandertals. The 18-triat MMD analysis demonstrates that, dentally, Neandertals are quite divergent from all modern humans. The results of cluster analyses based on MMD values suggest two major clusters: Neandertals and modern humans. The data also suggest two sub-clusters within the modern human cluster. One links Upper Paleolithic Europeans with recent North Africans and Europeans. The other links early anatomically modern humans with Late Pleistocene Africans and recent Sub-Saharan Africans. These results do not support a close relationship between Neandertals and any modern human groups samples. They also tentatively suggest that, if the two populations were interbreeding, it is not reflected in their dental morphology. The results showing a close affinity between early anatomically modern humans and Sub-Saharan Africans are consist with the Recent African Origin model for modern human origins.
Taurodontism in Modern Populations
Authors: Sears Jill
Published: December 2018

Taurodontism is a variation in root formation, resulting in an enlarged pulp chamber (Mena, 1971). This character has been used as a marker for differences between populations. Sex-linked disorders, autosomal chromosome disorders, and environmental factors have been reported to cause taurodontism (Reichart and Quast, 1975; Aldred and Crawford, 1988; Varrela and Alvesalo, 1989). When examining the mode of inheritance of taurodontism, it appears to be a polygenic trait that is controlled by only a few genes. At least one of these genes appears to be located on the X-chromosome. In addition, taurodontism appears to be linked to congenitally missing teeth, however these traits are not interdependent. Further study into the mode of inheritance of taurodontism and its relation to hypodontia is necessary to uncover the signfiicance of taurodontism and its possible application to population studies. However, due to procedural differences in the assessment of this trait, the results between studies are difficult to compare. Therefore, a standard set of measurements is needed to make meaningful comparisons between studies of taurodontism.
Dental Paleopathology of the Ray Site (12W6), Indiana
Authors: Greene Tammy R.
Published: December 2018

The Ray site (1 2W6), in southern Indiana, contains several secondary burials, two of which havebeen dated to the Mississippian period (A.D. 1050-A.D. 1450). Three burial styles were noted: (1) burials linedwith stone slabs and containing Mississippian pottery, (2) burials lined with stone slabs without Mississippianpottery, and (3) burials not lined with stone slabs and without Mississippian pottery. The purpose of this studywas to determine the biological homogeneity of this poorly preserved skeletal assemblage via an analysis of dentalpathological conditions, the frequency and expression of which are known to associate with distinct dietary and/orsettlement patterns. Conditions studied include the frequency of hypoplastic defects and carious lesions, the typeof hypoplastic defects, the earliest age of onset of hypoplastic defects, and the location of carious lesions. A totalof 437 teeth were scored for hypoplastic defects and 433 were scored for carious lesions. No significant differencein dental pathologies was found between burial styles. Therefore, despite considerable burial heterogeneity,dental pathological conditions suggest that individuals from all burials consumed an equally cariogenic diet andunderwent similar childhood stresses. It is most likely that all burials are from the same temporal and social groupand that the different burial styles represent different stages in the processing of the remains of individuals from ahigh social status Mississippian mortuary.
Dental and mtDNA Relatedness Among Thousand-Year-Old Remains from Huaca Loro, Peru
Authors: Corruccini Robert S. , Shimada Izumi , Shinoda Ken-ichi
Published: December 2018

Within and between tombs at the site of Huaca Loro (ca. A.D. 1000) on north coastal Peru, biological relatedness based on 23 dental characters follows statistically significant patterns. mtDNA groupings that are based on lineages inferred from inherited derived D-loop bp sequences have also been traced among the individuals. The present study finds a significant, although rather poorly predictive, relation between mtDNA and dental interindividual linkages. When analyzing the individual dental traits for correspondence to mtDNA “lineages”, several significant relations are found and one trait in particular, buccal expansion of the maxillary distal premolar, corresponds highly to mtDNA patterning.
Early Christian Pilgrimage to a Byzantine Monastery in Jerusalem—A Dental Perspective
Authors: Ullinger Jaime M.
Published: December 2018

The presence of 30 morphological traits was scored on over 1,500 teeth from a bone repository located at St. Stephen’s, an urban Byzantine monastery in Jerusalem. The frequencies of dental traits found in the sample were compared with frequencies of the same traits in seven other groups (compiled from published data) in order to determine possible biological affinities of the monks. The Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD) statistic was used to statistically analyze the phenetic/genetic similarity among the groups. The genetic background of this group of monks is interesting because historical sources suggest that many foreigners may have been present in monasteries during this time period as pilgrims. Some argue that their presence is exaggerated, however, and that the majority of monks were from the surrounding region. The results suggest that many of the monks were most likely from the region, but that the presence of foreigners (particularly European foreigners) cannot be ruled out using dental evidence.
Maxillary Second Premolars with Paramolar Tubercles
Authors: Turner Robert A. , Harris Edward F.
Published: December 2018

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Tooth-Coding Systems in the Clinical Dental Setting
Authors: Harris Edward F.
Published: December 2018

Clinical dentists have developed a variety of tooth-coding systems for efficiently recording a patient’s dental status. The coding systems may not be self-evident to dental anthropologists lacking dental training. The purpose of this note is to review the tooth designation systems currently in common use. The nature of the charting systems and brief historical origins of three systems are reviewed, namely (1) the Zsigmondy-Palmer system that is becoming largely of historical interest, (2) the Universal system that is common in the United States, and (3) the FDI two-digit system that has been adapted throughout the rest of the world. Use of these three systems is described for the permanent and primary dentitions.
Frequency and Variability of Five Non-Metric Dental Crown Traits in the Primary and Permanent Dentitions of a Racially Mixed Population from Cali, Colombia
Authors: Aguirre Luisa , Castillo Diana , Solarte Diana , Moreno Freddy
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this study was to determinethe prevalence and variability of five non-metric dentalcrown traits (Carabelli cusp, protostylid, groove pattern,and cusps 6 and 7) in the deciduous (Um2 and Lm2)and permanent (UM1 and LM1) teeth in children inthe mixed-dentition, and to compare these frequencieswith the literature. A descriptive study was conductedto characterize the dental morphology of young subjectsin mixed dentition stages. The Arizona State UniversityDental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) and Grine,Sciulli, and Hanihara methods were used as referenceto compare the prevalence of dental traits in dentalcasts from 100 subjects from a Colombian racially mixedpopulation. The high prevalence of furrows and pits ofthe Carabelli cusp, minor expressions of the protostylid(foramen cecum), and the low frequencies of cusps 5 and6, plus the behavior of the expression of groove patterncollectively suggest that this group reflects influences byboth the Mongoloid and Caucasoid dental complexes.Correspondence of trait expression in both the primaryand permanent dentition was also demonstrated (P< 0.05). Some of the non-metric trait frequencies alsoexhibited sexual dimorphism.
Variation in Dental Crown Morphology in Malaysian Populations
Authors: Khamis Mohd Fadhli , Taylor Jane A. , Samsudin Abdul Rani , Townsend Grant C.
Published: December 2018

Dental crown variation was studied inthe four main population groups living in Malaysiausing dental casts (upper and lower) obtained from 790individuals. The aims of the study were to characterizevariation in 13 dental crown traits, within groups as wellas between groups, and to assess affinities between thegroups based on frequencies of occurrence of dentalfeatures. Using chi-square analysis and Fisher’s exacttest, the majority of dental traits were found to bebilaterally symmetrical and to demonstrate low sexualdimorphism. Comparisons of trait frequencies betweengroups revealed similarities between Malays, Jahai(Negritos) and Chinese who conformed to MongoloidSinodont-Sundadont dental patterns, whereas theIndians conformed to an Indo-European pattern.Phenetic distance analysis, using the mean measureof divergence, showed that Indians were markedlyseparated from the other three groups, while Malayswere closer to Jahai than to Chinese. These findingsbased on dental traits are consistent with historicalexplanations of affinities between modern Malaysianpopulations.
Paramolar tubercle in the left maxillary second premolar: a case report.
Authors: Rodríguez Carolina , Moreno Freddy
Published: December 2018

This is a case report describing a paramolartubercle occurring on the buccal surface of left uppersecond premolar (tooth 25). From the perspective ofdental anthropology, this morphological feature, thoughuncommon, may be useful for classification and identification.
Commentary: Rotated Premolars
Authors: Harris Edward F.
Published: December 2018

Dr. Stefan’s interesting description of two archeologicalcases with severely malposed premolars (DentalAnthropology 2006;19(3):70-73) prompted me to reviewtwo comparable cases I have encountered. I presentthese here in hopes that their description will stimulatediscussion from the readership.
Brief Communication: Occurrence of an Eighth Cusp on Primary Second Mandibular Molars of a Contemporary Argentinean Child
Authors: Rodríguez-Flórez Carlos David , Fonseca Gabriel Mario , De Villalba Maria Teresa
Published: December 2018

The presence and asymmetry of an eighthcusp observed on the primary second mandibular molars of an Argentinean boy is described.
Comparison of Permanent Mandibular Molar Crown Dimensions between Mongolians and Caucasians
Authors: Hasegawa Yuh , Rogers James R. , Kageyama Ikuo , Nakahara Sen , Townsend Grant C.
Published: December 2018

The aims of this study were to comparecrown dimensions of mandibular first molars (M1) andsecond molars (M2) between Mongolians (belonging tothe Khalkha-Mogol grouping) and Caucasians (NorthernEuropean ancestry) and to attempt to explain anyobserved differences in phylogenetic and ontogeneticterms. Materials in this study comprised dental casts of48 Mongolian female subjects with a mean age of 20.5years and 50 Caucasian female subjects with a mean ageof 21.5 years. For M1, the buccolingual diameters of bothmesial and distal crown components in Mongolianswere significantly larger than in Caucasians. For M2,the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the distal crown components in the Mongolian samplewere significantly larger and the mesiodistal andbuccolingual diameters of mesial components weresignificantly smaller compared with those of Caucasians.Common environmental effects, possibly related to theprenatal environment, as well as genetic influences,may be contributing to the differences in buccolingualdimensions of M1 between Mongolians and Caucasians.Given that the M2 develops later and over a longerperiod of time than the M1, it is reasonable to assumethat this tooth may be subject to greater environmentalpressures than applied to the M1.
Melvin L. Moss (1923-2006)
Authors: Harris Edward F.
Published: December 2018

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Quantification of Dental Occlusal Variation: A Review of Methods
Authors: Harris Edward F. , Corruccini Robert S.
Published: December 2018

Occlusion—how the teeth fit togetherwithin and between the arches—has important consequencesfunctionally and especially esthetically. Occlusalvariation is considerable in modern westernized societies,but the occurrence and extent of the variationappear to be lower in the past and lower in non-westernizedgroups. This methodological paper describesseveral commonly-used variables that, collectively,characterize occlusal variation. Methods are describedfrom the literature that measure the location and extentof tooth relations in all three planes of space. Our goalis that, by describing methods in a single source, it willpique the interest of dental researchers to collect thesedata, so that the space-time distributions of occlusalvariations can be known in more detail.
Short Communication: The Biology of Natfa People: Bones and Teeth
Authors: Al-Shorman Abdulla
Published: December 2018

The archeological site of Natfa is a rurallate-antiquity site in northern Jordan. The tomb typologypoints to two social ranks: the public compared to thefew elites who might have controlled wealth allocation.The people died at young ages (under 35 years of age).There seems to be reliance on hard food particles richin carbohydrates, which increased the occurrence ofinterproximal caries. A few oblique dental caries arereported, probably caused by using teeth as tools.
Discriminatory Effectiveness of Crown Indexes—Tests Between American Blacks and Whites
Authors: Foster Candice L. , Harris Edward F.
Published: December 2018

Tooth crown shapes differ among human groups because the sizes and shapes of the constituent crown components differ. It was of interest to us whether there is patterned variation in crown indexes between sexes or among ethnic groups. The crown index—buccolingual width as a function of mesiodistal length—was analyzed here in terms of sex and race differences in a cohort of American black and white adolescents (n = 324) from the U.S. Mid-South. The mandibular canine is distinctive in exhibiting significant sexual dimorphism in crown shape, with females being broader in terms of mesiodistal length. Prior literature reports the crown indexes of several tooth types to be dimorphic, which does not occur here, showing that the extent of sexual dimorphism differs among groups. In contrast, we found that multiple crown indexes differ significantly between the samples of blacks and whites, with the largest differences in UC, UP1, and LM2. Of note, nature of the differences are tooth-specific, suggesting that divergence among groups at this microevolutionary level has shifted crown shapes along distinctive (rather than parallel) pathways. The optimum subset of crown indexes correctly allocates 67% of the specimens as to race; this percentage is not much better than chance, suggesting that crown indexes are of little forensic usefulness in discriminating among contemporary humans.
Maxillary Canine Ectopia and Maxillary Canine-Premolar Transposition are Associated with Deviations in the Maxilla
Authors: Caspersen Louise Miltenburg , Christensen Ib Jarle , Kjær Inger
Published: December 2018

The purpose was to analyze the direction of the infraorbital canal and the palatal width in cases with maxillary ectopic canines, all oriented horizontally and erupted labially, and with canine transposition and to compare findings with normal values. Eight anthropological human skulls, four with these horizontally oriented ectopic canines and four with canine-premolar transposition comprised the study. A radiopaque marker was placed in the infraorbital canal and frontal and profile radiographs were taken of each skull. Cephalometric measurements evaluated the canal direction (IOt angle). Interorbital (IO) and palatal widths (PW) were measured directly on the skulls. A general linear model was used for statistical analysis. Maxillary canine ectopia: IOt ( x = 8.54; 95% CI of -3.95 and 21.04; P = 0.18) was larger, PW ( x = 3.37; 95% CI of 0.51 and 6.23; P = 0.022) was significantly smaller and IO ( x = 1.49; 95% CI of -2.62 and 5.61; P = 0.47) was also smaller. Maxillary canine-premolar transposition: IOt ( x = 17.27; 95% CI of 4.78 and 29.76; P = 0.008) and PW ( x = 3.34; 95% CI of 0.48 and 6.21; P = 0.023) were significantly smaller and IO ( x = 2.94; 95% CI of -1.17 and 7.06; P = 0.16) was smaller, but not significantly. Eruptional deviations in the maxillary canines-premolars are associated with maxillary deviations expressed as the direction of the infraorbital canal and the transpalatal width. Accordingly, dental and osseous deviations within the maxillary developmental field are interrelated.
Residential Mobility and Dental Decoration in Early Medieval Spain: Results from the Eighth Century Site of Plaza del Castillo, Pamplona
Authors: Prevedorou Eleanna , Bonilla Marta Díaz-Zorita , Romero Alejandro , Buikstra Jane E. , Ibáñez M. Paz de Miguel , Knudson Kelly J.
Published: December 2018

Excavations at Plaza del Castillo in Pamplona (northern Spain) revealed a large Islamic necropolis dating to the eighth century A.D., including the skeleton of an adult female showing intentional dental modification (PLA-159). While the practice of dental decoration was virtually absent in Medieval Spain, it is common in Africa and suggests that this individual was born in Africa and brought to Spain later in life. The historically documented occupation of Pamplona by Muslim groups from northern Africa between ca. 715 and 799 A.D. also supports an African origin. As an additional line of evidence, we investigated the geographic origins of two individuals from the cemetery, including PLA-159, via radiogenic strontium and stable oxygen isotope analyses on enamel hydroxyapatite. The human isotopic signatures were measured following established methodologies and compared to the local geochemical composition and modern precipitation values. The data analysis showed a non-local isotopic signature for both individuals, suggesting that they moved to Pamplona following childhood, probably from northern Africa, during the Islamization of the city. Stable carbon isotope analysis revealed a diet heavily based on C3 terrestrial plants. Overall, this preliminary data set exemplifies the use of biogeochemistry as an analytical tool, and provides unique insight about the diffusion of Muslim groups into the Early Medieval Iberian Peninsula.