bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How an Intersectional Approach Can Help to Transform the University
Authors: Bedolla Lisa García
Published: August 2014

Advocates have been striving for decades to improve the representation of women and people of color in the academy. The results in political science have been fairly limited. From 1980 to 2010, the proportion of women among white political science faculty grew from 9.6% to 24.8% (APSA 2011, 44). Even with this sizable increase, women constituted fewer than a quarter of white political scientists. Within their respective ethnoracial groups, women of color made up a greater proportion of political science faculty but remain woefully underrepresented in the profession, with only 79 Latino, 161 African American, and 117 Asian American female political science faculty nationally in 2010 (APSA 2011, 44–46). Overall, the proportion of scholars of color within political science during this period, male and female, has remained largely flat; in 2010, 88.9% of political science faculty were white. In this essay, I argue that an intersectional approach to thinking about this issue—one that acknowledges the marginalization and privilege that cut across faculty within departments and universities—raises the possibility of changing the conversation about inclusion, potentially opening up new possibilities for making substantive change within political science departments and universities.
The copper(i)-catalyzed tandem reaction of o-alkynylphenyl isothiocyanates with isocyanides: a rapid synthesis of 5H-benzo[d]imidazo[5,1-b][1,3]thiazines
Authors: Hao Wenyan , Zeng Jiangbo , Cai Mingzhong
Published: August 2014

An efficient route to 5H-benzo[d]imidazo[5,1-b][1,3]thiazines has been developed using the copper(i)-catalyzed tandem reaction of o-alkynylphenyl isothiocyanates with isocyanides in THF with Cs2CO3 as base.
Conformal sulfated zirconia monolayer catalysts for the one-pot synthesis of ethyl levulinate from glucose
Authors: Morales Gabriel , Osatiashtiani Amin , Hernández Blanca , Iglesias Jose , Melero Juan A. , Paniagua Marta , Robert Brown D. , Granollers Marta , Lee Adam F. , Wilson Karen
Published: August 2014

Here we describe a simple route to creating conformal sulphated zirconia monolayers throughout an SBA-15 architecture that confers efficient acid-catalysed one-pot conversion of glucose to ethyl levulinate.
Ligand/cluster/support catalytic complexes in heterogeneous ultrananocatalysis: NO oxidation on Ag3/MgO(100)
Authors: Sementa Luca , Barcaro Giovanni , Negreiros Fabio R. , Fortunelli Alessandro
Published: August 2014

The Ag3(CO3)/MgO(100) complex transforms in the presence of NO and O2 into a highly active Ag3(CO3) (NO2)2/MgO(100) NOox catalyst.
Brain antioxidant responses to acute iron and copper intoxications in rats
Authors: Semprine Jimena , Ferrarotti Nidia , Musacco-Sebio Rosario , Saporito-Magriñá Christian , Fuda Julián , Torti Horacio , Castro-Parodi Mauricio , Damiano Alicia , Boveris Alberto , Repetto Marisa G.
Published: August 2014

The response of brain antioxidant system to the oxidative stress following Fe and Cu overloads involves: antioxidant consumption and an adaptive increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and protein expression.
Scalable asymmetric synthesis of a key fragment of Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibitors
Authors: Laclef Sylvain , Taillier Catherine , Penloup Christine , Viger Aurélie , Brière Jean-François , Hardouin Christophe , Levacher Vincent
Published: August 2014

We describe a novel asymmetric synthesis, which is applicable on a large-scale, of a chiral diamine useful as a common fragment of numerous Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL inhibitors.
A Review of Hyperacusis and Future Directions: Part I. Definitions and Manifestations
Authors: Tyler Richard S. , Pienkowski Martin , Roncancio Eveling Rojas , Jun Hyung Jin , Brozoski Tom , Dauman Nicolas , Coelho Claudia Barros , Andersson Gerhard , Keiner Andrew J. , Cacace Anthony T. , Martin Nora , Moore Brian C. J.
Published: August 2014

Purpose

Hyperacusis can be extremely debilitating, and at present, there is no cure. We provide an overview of the field, and possible related areas, in the hope of facilitating future research.

Method

We review and reference literature on hyperacusis and related areas. We have divided the review into 2 articles. In Part I, we discuss definitions, epidemiology, different etiologies and subgroups, and how hyperacusis affects people. In Part II, we review measurements, models, mechanisms, and treatments, and we finish with some suggestions for further research.

Results

Hyperacusis encompasses a wide range of reactions to sound, which can be grouped into the categories of excessive loudness, annoyance, fear, and pain. Many different causes have been proposed, and it will be important to appreciate and quantify different subgroups. Reasonable approaches to assessing the different forms of hyperacusis are emerging, including psychoacoustical measures, questionnaires, and brain imaging.

Conclusions

Hyperacusis can make life difficult for many, forcing sufferers to dramatically alter their work and social habits. We believe this is an opportune time to explore approaches to better understand and treat hyperacusis.
Examining Similarities and Differences Among Parent–Teacher Reports of Spanish–English Productive Vocabulary
Authors: Dubasik Virginia L. , Svetina Dubravka
Published: August 2014

Purpose

The purposes of the present study were to (a) explore the relationship between parent and teacher reports of children's bilingual (Spanish–English) productive vocabulary and (b) examine similarities and differences among parent–teacher reports. Word categories were examined to determine the nature of similarities and differences.

Method

Parents and teachers of eleven Spanish–English bilinguals (
M
age
= 44.5 months) completed the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory upper extension and an experimental version of a congruent Spanish form at 2 time points. Percent agreement, kappa coefficient, and Spearman's rho were employed to estimate overall interrater agreement and agreement on specific word categories.

Results

Results indicated inconsistent levels of overall agreement across measures and forms. Higher levels of parent–teacher agreement were observed on Spanish forms at either time point using Spearman's rho coefficient and kappa, whereas percent agreement was higher on English forms. Limited overlap of high agreement between parents and teachers was found on word categories across indices. Unique contributions of reporters were observed.

Conclusion

This work underscores the utility of multiple informants of bilingual children's productive vocabulary. Combined and unique contributions of parent and teacher reporters may inform the language development of preschool-age bilingual children as productive vocabulary skills develop and change.
Stray electric field energy harvesting technology using MEMS switch from insulated AC power lines
Authors: Kim Hoseong , Choi Dongkil , Gong Sungmin , Park Kyungjin
Published: August 2014

A new energy harvesting technology that extracts energy from the stray electric field around a three‐wire AC power line is presented. It is observed that when 20 cm of the insulated power line is surrounded with a conductive sheet, about 20 mJ of energy is harvested in 15 min with a 1 μF storage capacitor. An autonomous harvesting circuit was designed and built adopting an MEMS switch as a low leakage, low power consumption and hysteretic switch. It is demonstrated that the harvested energy is utilised to drive a commercial Zigbee‐based wireless sensor module autonomously. Since it is easy and safe to install, the proposed stray electric field harvesting technology should greatly expand the field in which wireless sensors are required, such as home automation, smart grid, building energy management and structural health monitoring, as long as power lines are available nearby.
Compact differential power divider with enhanced bandwidth and in‐phase or out‐of‐phase output ports
Authors: Shi Jin , Xu Kai
Published: August 2014

A differential power divider using coupled microstrip line is proposed. The differential‐mode response can be controlled by the odd‐mode of the coupled microstrip line and resistors. Compared with the reported differential power dividers, the proposed one shows the advantages of compact size, wide bandwidth and easy connection with radio frequency (RF) chips. Furthermore, both in‐phase and out‐of‐phase output ports can be realised using different connection ways. Two prototypes have been fabricated with the same size of 0.185λg × 0.245λg, one with in‐phase output ports and the other with out‐of‐phase output ports, showing the same minimum insertion loss of 0.2 dB and relative frequency bandwidths for |Sdd11| <−15 dB of 75 and 78%, respectively.
pin photodiode in 0.15 µm CMOS
Authors: Davidovic M. , Wimbauer T. , Zimmermann H.
Published: August 2014

A vertical pin photodiode with a thick intrinsic layer is integrated in a 0.15 µm CMOS process. A deep n‐well (N‐ISO) allows increase of the reverse voltage of the pin photodiode far above the circuit supply voltage enabling a high drift velocity. Therefore, the large thickness of the intrinsic layer and the high reverse voltage lead to a high dynamic quantum efficiency and to a high bandwidth. The maximum responsivity of 0.46 A/W was measured at 730 nm corresponding to a quantum efficiency of 78.3%. For 850 nm, the −3 dB bandwidth of 700 MHz and for 650 nm the −3 dB bandwidth of 1.2 GHz was obtained at −8 V.
Distributed adaptive image‐based consensus of networked robotic manipulators without visual velocity measurements
Authors: Wang Lijiao , Meng Bin
Published: August 2014

In this paper, the authors study the fixed‐camera visual servoing consensus problem of multiple robotic manipulators with uncertain robotic dynamics, kinematics and camera parameters. The communication graph is assumed to be directed graphs containing a spanning tree. Our control objective is to achieve image‐space consensus without the measurements of visual velocity. A novel decentralised image‐space position observer with online parameter updating is presented to avoid the reliance on visual velocity and to handle the uncertain robotic kinematics and camera parameters. Based on the observed visual information, we perform the distributed adaptive controller design in a cascade framework. The asymptotic convergence of consensus error is proved by use of Lyapunov analysis tool and input–output stability analysis tool. Finally, simulations with networked robotic manipulators are performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Robust finite‐time H∞ control for uncertain singular stochastic Markovian jump systems via proportional differential control law
Authors: Li Li , Zhang Qingling , Li Jian , Wang Guoliang
Published: August 2014

This study focuses on the problem of robust finite‐time H∞ control for a class of uncertain singular stochastic Markovian jump systems with partially unknown transition rates via proportional differential control law (PDLC). The uncertainties are not only in state matrices and input matrices but also in differential matrices. New sufficient conditions for the existence of mode‐dependent PDLC are derived in the form of strict linear matrix inequalities, such that the closed‐loop system of the singular stochastic Markovian jump system is not only stochastic finite‐time stable but also satisfies a prescribed performance. Numerical examples are used to show the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Corrected unwrapping method based on the tangential and radial distortion centre for the panoramic annular image
Authors: Wang Xinzheng , Bu Xiongzhu , Yang Bo , Li Guijuan , Yu Jing
Published: August 2014

A novel corrected unwrapping method is proposed for panoramic annular images based on the catadioptric panoramic imaging system. The method is comprised of four key steps. Firstly, the distortion centre parameters on the panoramic annular image are determined, including the tangential distortion centre by using the least‐square fitting (LSF) method and the radial distortion centre by extracting feature points. Secondly, the affine transformation relation between panoramic annular image and cylindrical panoramic image is constructed based on the centre parameters and the geometric properties of panoramic image. Then the annular image pixels are replicated into the cylindrical panoramic image by means of the bilinear interpolation. Finally, the frame aspect ratio for the final image unwrapping is corrected. The motivation for developing this technique is to solve the distortion problem from the centre deviation, and ultimately to promotes its adoption in pipe non‐destructive testing systems. Experimental results have proved the feasibility, validity and higher accuracy of the unwrapping method.
Upgrade of absolute extreme ultraviolet diagnostic on J-TEXT
Authors: Zhang X. L. , Cheng Z. F. , Hou S. Y. , Zhuang G. , Luo J.
Published: August 2014

The absolute extreme ultraviolet (AXUV) diagnostic system is used for radiation observation on J-TEXT tokamak [J. Zhang, G. Zhuang, Z. J. Wang, Y. H. Ding, X. Q. Zhang, and Y. J. Tang, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 073509 (2010)]. The upgrade of the AXUV system is aimed to improve the spatial resolution and provide a three-dimensional image on J-TEXT. The new system consists of 12 AXUV arrays (4 AXUV16ELG arrays, 8 AXUV20ELG arrays). The spatial resolution in the cross-section is 21 mm for the AXUV16ELG arrays and 17 mm for the AXUV20ELG arrays. The pre-amplifier is also upgraded for a higher signal to noise ratio. By upgrading the AXUV imaging system, a more accurate observation on the radiation information is obtained.
Ab initio investigation of the lower energy candidate structures for (H2O)5+ water cluster
Authors: Lv Zhen-Long , Xu Kai , Cheng Yan , Chen Xiang-Rong , Cai Ling-Cang
Published: August 2014

The particle swarm optimization method in conjunction with density functional calculations is used to search the lower energy structures for the cationic water clusters (H2O)5+. Geometry optimization, vibrational analysis, and infrared spectrum calculation are performed for the most interesting clusters at the MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level. The relationships between their structural arrangements and their energies are discussed. According to their relative Gibbs free energies, their energy order is determined and four lowest energy isomers are found to have a relative population surpassing 1% below 350 K. Studies reveal that, among these four isomers, one new cluster found here also contributes a lot to the experimental infrared spectrum. Based on topological analysis and reduced density gradient analysis, some meaningful points are found by studying the structural characteristics and the bonding strengths of these cationic water clusters: in the first solvation shell, the central H3O+ motifs may have a stronger interaction with the OH radical than with the water molecules. The interaction in the second solvation shell may also be stronger than that in the first solvation shell, which is opposite to our intuition.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium and critical asymmetry of square well and short square well chain fluids
Authors: Li Liyan , Sun Fangfang , Chen Zhitong , Wang Long , Cai Jun
Published: August 2014

The critical behavior of square well fluids with variable interaction ranges and of short square well chain fluids have been investigated by grand canonical ensemble Monte Carlo simulations. The critical temperatures and densities were estimated by a finite-size scaling analysis with the help of histogram reweighting technique. The vapor-liquid coexistence curve in the near-critical region was determined using hyper-parallel tempering Monte Carlo simulations. The simulation results for coexistence diameters show that the contribution of |t|1-α to the coexistence diameter dominates the singular behavior in all systems investigated. The contribution of |t|2β to the coexistence diameter is larger for the system with a smaller interaction range λ. While for short square well chain fluids, longer the chain length, larger the contribution of |t|2β. The molecular configuration greatly influences the critical asymmetry: a short soft chain fluid shows weaker critical asymmetry than a stiff chain fluid with same chain length.
The critical compressibility factor value: Associative fluids and liquid alkali metals
Authors: Kulinskii V. L.
Published: August 2014

We show how to obtain the critical compressibility factor Zc for simple and associative Lennard-Jones fluids using the critical characteristics of the Ising model on different lattices. The results show that low values of critical compressibility factor are correlated with the associative properties of fluids in critical region and can be obtained on the basis of the results for the Ising model on lattices with more than one atom per cell. An explanation for the results on the critical point line of the Lennard-Jones fluids and liquid metals is proposed within the global isomorphism approach.
An upgrade of the magnetic diagnostic system of the DIII-D tokamak for non-axisymmetric measurements
Authors: King J. D. , Strait E. J. , Boivin R. L. , Taussig D. , Watkins M. G. , Hanson J. M. , Logan N. C. , Paz-Soldan C. , Pace D. C. , Shiraki D. , Lanctot M. J. , La Haye R. J. , Lao L. L. , Battaglia D. J. , Sontag A. C. , Haskey S. R. , Bak J. G.
Published: August 2014

The DIII-D tokamak magnetic diagnostic system [E. J. Strait, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 023502 (2006)] has been upgraded to significantly expand the measurement of the plasma response to intrinsic and applied non-axisymmetric “3D” fields. The placement and design of 101 additional sensors allow resolution of toroidal mode numbers 1 ≤ n ≤ 3, and poloidal wavelengths smaller than MARS-F, IPEC, and VMEC magnetohydrodynamic model predictions. Small 3D perturbations, relative to the equilibrium field (10−5 < δB/B0 < 10−4), require sub-millimeter fabrication and installation tolerances. This high precision is achieved using electrical discharge machined components, and alignment techniques employing rotary laser levels and a coordinate measurement machine. A 16-bit data acquisition system is used in conjunction with analog signal-processing to recover non-axisymmetric perturbations. Co-located radial and poloidal field measurements allow up to 14.2 cm spatial resolution of poloidal structures (plasma poloidal circumference is ∼500 cm). The function of the new system is verified by comparing the rotating tearing mode structure, measured by 14 BP fluctuation sensors, with that measured by the upgraded BR saddle loop sensors after the mode locks to the vessel wall. The result is a nearly identical 2/1 helical eigenstructure in both cases.
Carrier capture kinetics at electrical defects in poly [2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) studied using charge transient spectroscopy
Authors: Rao K. Sudheendra , Tripathi Durgesh C. , Mohapatra Y. N.
Published: August 2014

We use charge transient spectroscopy to study the trap levels in the prototypical polymeric semiconductor poly [2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV). Emission signature of the traps has been resolved using higher order spectroscopic analysis techniques of charge transients. The nature of the defect potential is best understood by studying capture mechanisms. Carrier capture kinetics of the dominant defects are studied using variable pulse-width filling technique to directly determine capture coefficients as a function of temperature. We demonstrate that charge redistribution occurs among the discrete traps through the process of multiple trapping and emission. Of the eight deep traps detected, the two dominant ones, christened T2 and T3, with activation energies of 0.38 and 0.49 eV are studied in detail. We go on to develop a phenomenological model representing the various activation energies in the mechanism of capture and emission. One of them involves a capture barrier of as high as 0.27 eV, indicating the occurrence of multi-phonon emission mechanism during capture. There is evidence to suggest that the dominant traps are different states of a defect from the same physical origin.
Electron correlation in solids via density embedding theory
Authors: Bulik Ireneusz W. , Chen Weibing , Scuseria Gustavo E.
Published: August 2014

Density matrix embedding theory [G. Knizia and G. K.-L. Chan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 186404 (2012)] and density embedding theory [I. W. Bulik, G. E. Scuseria, and J. Dukelsky, Phys. Rev. B 89, 035140 (2014)] have recently been introduced for model lattice Hamiltonians and molecular systems. In the present work, the formalism is extended to the ab initio description of infinite systems. An appropriate definition of the impurity Hamiltonian for such systems is presented and demonstrated in cases of 1, 2, and 3 dimensions, using coupled cluster theory as the impurity solver. Additionally, we discuss the challenges related to disentanglement of fragment and bath states. The current approach yields results comparable to coupled cluster calculations of infinite systems even when using a single unit cell as the fragment. The theory is formulated in the basis of Wannier functions but it does not require separate localization of unoccupied bands. The embedding scheme presented here is a promising way of employing highly accurate electronic structure methods for extended systems at a fraction of their original computational cost.
Measurement and understanding of single-molecule break junction rectification caused by asymmetric contacts
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhou Jianfeng , Hamill Joseph M. , Xu Bingqian
Published: August 2014

The contact effects of single-molecule break junctions on rectification behaviors were experimentally explored by a systematic control of anchoring groups of 1,4-disubstituted benzene molecular junctions. Single-molecule conductance and I-V characteristic measurements reveal a strong correlation between rectifying effects and the asymmetry in contacts. Analysis using energy band models and I-V calculations suggested that the rectification behavior is mainly caused by asymmetric coupling strengths at the two contact interfaces. Fitting of the rectification ratio by a modified Simmons model we developed suggests asymmetry in potential drop across the asymmetric anchoring groups as the mechanism of rectifying I-V behavior. This study provides direct experimental evidence and sheds light on the mechanisms of rectification behavior induced simply by contact asymmetry, which serves as an aid to interpret future single-molecule electronic behavior involved with asymmetric contact conformation.
Optothermal transport behavior in whispering gallery mode optical cavities
Authors: Soltani Soheil , M. Armani Andrea
Published: August 2014

Over the past century, whispering gallery mode optical cavities have enabled numerous advances in science and engineering, such as discoveries in quantum mechanics and non-linear optics, as well as the development of optical gyroscopes and add drop filters. One reason for their widespread appeal is their ability to confine light for long periods of time, resulting in high circulating intensities. However, when sufficiently large amounts of optical power are coupled into these cavities, they begin to experience optothermal or photothermal behavior, in which the optical energy is converted into heat. Above the optothermal threshold, the resonance behavior is no longer solely defined by electromagnetics. Previous work has primarily focused on the role of the optothermal coefficient of the material in this instability. However, the physics of this optothermal behavior is significantly more complex. In the present work, we develop a predictive theory based on a generalizable analytical expression in combination with a geometry-specific COMSOL Multiphysics finite element method model. The simulation couples the optical and thermal physics components, accounting for geometry variations as well as the temporal and spatial profile of the optical field. To experimentally verify our theoretical model, the optothermal thresholds of a series of silica toroidal resonant cavities are characterized at different wavelengths (visible through near-infrared) and using different device geometries. The silica toroid offers a particularly rigorous case study for the developed optothermal model because of its complex geometrical structure which provides multiple thermal transport paths.
Seeking to quantify the ferromagnetic-to-antiferromagnetic interface coupling resulting in exchange bias with various thin-film conformations
Authors: Hsiao C. H. , Desautels R. D. , Wang S. , Lin K. W. , Ouyang H. , van Lierop J.
Published: August 2014

Ni3Fe/(Ni, Fe)O thin films with bilayer and nanocrystallite dispersion morphologies are prepared with a dual ion beam deposition technique permitting precise control of nanocrystallite growth, composition, and admixtures. A bilayer morphology provides a Ni3Fe-to-NiO interface, while the dispersion films have different mixtures of Ni3Fe, NiO, and FeO nanocrystallites. Using detailed analyses of high resolution transmission electron microscopy images with Multislice simulations, the nanocrystallites' structures and phases are determined, and the intermixing between the Ni3Fe, NiO, and FeO interfaces is quantified. From field-cooled hysteresis loops, the exchange bias loop shift from spin interactions at the interfaces are determined. With similar interfacial molar ratios of FM-to-AF, we find the exchange bias field essentially unchanged. However, when the interfacial ratio of FM to AF was FM rich, the exchange bias field increases. Since the FM/AF interface ‘contact’ areas in the nanocrystallite dispersion films are larger than that of the bilayer film, and the nanocrystallite dispersions exhibit larger FM-to-AF interfacial contributions to the magnetism, we attribute the changes in the exchange bias to be from increases in the interfacial segments that suffer defects (such as vacancies and bond distortions), that also affects the coercive fields.
Note: High turn density magnetic coils with improved low pressure water cooling for use in atom optics
Authors: McKay Parry Nicholas , Baker Mark , Neely Tyler , Carey Thomas , Bell Thomas , Rubinsztein-Dunlop Halina
Published: August 2014

We describe a magnetic coil design utilizing concentrically wound electro-magnetic insulating (EMI) foil (25.4 μm Kapton backing and 127 μm thick layers). The magnetic coils are easily configurable for different coil sizes, while providing large surfaces for low-pressure (0.12 bar) water cooling. The coils have turn densities of ∼5 mm−1 and achieve a maximum of 377 G at 2.1 kW driving power, measured at a distance 37.9 mm from the axial center of the coil. The coils achieve a steady-state temperature increase of 36.7°C/kW.
Gas breakdown mechanism in pulse-modulated asymmetric ratio frequency dielectric barrier discharges
Authors: Wang Qi , Sun Jizhong , Nozaki Tomohiro , Ding Zhenfeng , Ding Hongbin , Wang Zhanhui , Wang Dezhen
Published: August 2014

The gas breakdown mechanisms, especially the roles of metastable species in atmospheric pressure pulse-modulated ratio frequency barrier discharges with co-axial cylindrical electrodes, were studied numerically using a one dimensional self-consistent fluid model. Simulation results showed that in low duty cycle cases, the electrons generated from the channels associated with metastable species played a more important role in initializing next breakdown than the direct ionization of helium atoms of electronic grounded states by electron-impact. In order to quantitatively evaluate the contribution to the discharge by the metastables, we defined a “characteristic time” and examined how the value varied with the gap distance and the electrode asymmetry. The results indicated that the lifetime of the metastable species (including He*and He2*) was much longer than that of the pulse-on period and as effective sources of producing electrons they lasted over a period up to millisecond. When the ratio of the outer radius to the inner radius of the cylindrical electrodes was far bigger than one, it was found that the metastables distributed mainly in a cylindrical region around the inner electrode. When the ratio decreased as the inner electrode moved outward, the density of metastables in the discharge region near the outer electrode became gradually noticeable. As the discharging gap continued to decrease, the two hill-shaped distributions gradually merged to one big hill. When the discharge spacing was fixed, asymmetric electrodes facilitated the discharge.
Effects of composition and temperature on the large field behavior of [011]C relaxor ferroelectric single crystals
Authors: Gallagher John A. , Tian Jian , Lynch Christopher S.
Published: August 2014

The large field behavior of [011]C cut relaxor ferroelectric lead indium niobate–lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate, xPb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-(1-x-y)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-yPbTiO3, single crystals was experimentally characterized in the piezoelectric d322-mode configuration under combined mechanical, electrical, and thermal loading. Increasing the concentration of lead indium niobate and decreasing the concentration of lead titanate in compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary resulted in a decrease of mechanical compliance, dielectric permittivity, and piezoelectric coefficients as well as a shift from a continuous to a discontinuous transformation.
Reducing the ordering temperature of CoPt nanoparticles by B additive
Authors: Khemjeen Yutthaya , Pinitsoontorn Supree , Chompoosor Apiwat , Maensiri Santi
Published: August 2014

We reported the effect of boron addition on magnetic properties and structure of CoPt nanoparticles prepared by a polyol method. The magnetic property measurement showed that the CoPt-B sample exhibited a much larger coercivity compared to the sample without B additive at the same annealing temperature. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that the average particle size was about 2 nm for the as-synthesized sample with the ratio of Co and Pt close to 1:1. After annealing, the particle sizes increased but the composition was maintained. The phase transformation of the nanoparticles versus temperature was investigated using a combination of X-ray diffraction and in-situ X-ray absorption analysis. It was shown that the phase transition temperature at which the nanoparticles change from the disordered A1 phase to the ordered L10 phase occurs at temperature of 600 °C. We concluded that boron additives could reduce the ordering temperature of CoPt of about 100 °C.
Exact propagating nonlinear singular disturbances in strongly coupled dusty plasmas
Authors: Das Amita , Tiwari Sanat Kumar , Kaw Predhiman , Sen Abhijit
Published: August 2014

The dynamical response of the strongly coupled dusty plasma medium has recently been described by utilizing the Generalized Hydrodynamic (GHD) model equations. The GHD equations capture the visco-elastic properties of the medium and have been successful in predicting a host of phenomena (e.g., existence of novel transverse shear waves in the fluid medium, modification of longitudinal wave dispersion by elastic effects, etc.) which have found experimental confirmation. In this paper, the nonlinear longitudinal response of the medium governed by GHD equations in strong coupling limit is discussed analytically. The structure of the equations rules out the balance between dispersion and nonlinearity, thereby, forbidding soliton formation. However, a host of new varieties of nonlinear solutions are found to exist, which have singular spatial profiles and yet have conservative properties. For instance, existence of novel conservative shock structures with zero strength is demonstrated, waves whose breaking produces no dissipation in the medium are observed, propagating solutions which produce cusp like singularities can exist and so on. It is suggested that simulations and experiments should look for these novel nonlinear structures in the large amplitude strong coupling limit of longitudinal disturbances in dusty plasmas.
The role of stoichiometric vacancy periodicity in pressure-induced amorphization of the Ga2SeTe2 semiconductor alloy
Authors: Abdul-Jabbar N. M. , Kalkan B. , Huang G.-Y. , MacDowell A. A. , Gronsky R. , Bourret-Courchesne E. D. , Wirth B. D.
Published: August 2014

We observe that pressure-induced amorphization of Ga2SeTe2 (a III-VI semiconductor) is directly influenced by the periodicity of its intrinsic defect structures. Specimens with periodic and semi-periodic two-dimensional vacancy structures become amorphous around 10–11 GPa in contrast to those with aperiodic structures, which amorphize around 7–8 GPa. The result is an instance of altering material phase-change properties via rearrangement of stoichiometric vacancies as opposed to adjusting their concentrations. Based on our experimental findings, we posit that periodic two-dimensional vacancy structures in Ga2SeTe2 provide an energetically preferred crystal lattice that is less prone to collapse under applied pressure. This is corroborated through first-principles electronic structure calculations, which demonstrate that the energy stability of III-VI structures under hydrostatic pressure is highly dependent on the configuration of intrinsic vacancies.
Effect of electric field concentration using nanopeak structures on the current–voltage characteristics of resistive switching memory
Authors: Otsuka Shintaro , Shimizu Tomohiro , Shingubara Shoso , Makihara Katsunori , Miyazaki Seiichi , Yamasaki Atsushi , Tanimoto Yusuke , Takase Kouichi
Published: August 2014

An attempt to reduce the SET voltage and RESET current of resistive switching (RS) memory was made using a geometric array of nanopeak (NP) structures. Bottoms of anodic porous alumina were used to form the NP structures that act as guides for the formation of conductive filaments that effectively concentrate the electric field. Samples were fabricated with flat surfaces (FS) and with two types of NP structure with different NP pitch. The NP samples provided SET voltages less than 2 V with narrow distributions and the RESET current was lower than that with the FS sample.
Memristive behaviors in Pt/BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Wen Zheng , Wu Di , Li Aidong
Published: August 2014

We demonstrate memristive behaviors in Pt/BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 metal/ferroelectric/semiconductor ferroelectric tunnel junctions, in which the semiconductor electrode can be switched between the accumulated and the depleted states by polarization reversal in the BaTiO3 barrier via the ferroelectric field effect. An extra barrier, against electron tunneling, forms in the depleted region of the Nb:SrTiO3 electrode surface, which together with the ferroelectric barrier itself modulate the tunneling resistance with the change of effective polarization. Continuous resistance modulation over four orders of magnitude is hence achieved by application of programmed voltage pulses with different polarity, amplitude, and repetition numbers, as a result of the development of the extra barrier.
A pilot interlaboratory comparison of protocols that simulate aging of nanocomposites and detect released fragments
Authors: Wohlleben Wendel , Vilar Gemma , Fernández-Rosas Elisabet , González-Gálvez David , Gabriel Claus , Hirth Sabine , Frechen Thomas , Stanley Deborah , Gorham Justin , Sung Li-Piin , Hsueh Hsiang-Chun , Chuang Yu-Fan , Nguyen Tinh , Vazquez-Campos Socorro
Published: August 2014

Environmental context
Nanoparticles are contained in many commercialised products, but the lack of validated methods to assess their potential release into the environment hampers our ability to perform a reliable risk assessment. Equipment to simulate aging is available, but the challenge is to sample released entities, and to analyse those fragments with suitable nano-analytics. We describe methods to characterise the degradation and surface accumulation of nanoparticles, and to quantify fragments released during UV irradiation of polymer nanocomposites.

Abstract
The safe use of nanoparticles as fillers in nanocomposite materials depends, in part, on a good understanding of what is released from aging nanocomposites, and at which rate. Here we investigated the critical parameters of the nanoparticle release phenomenon by a pilot inter-laboratory study of a polyamide containing 4mass% of silica nanoparticles (nanosilica). The main focus is on the validity range of the aging and release protocols. Both induced release by mechanical shear after dry weathering at different UV intensities and spontaneous release during wet weathering were investigated. We propose a combined protocol based on the finding that the characteristics of released fragments – which are the essential input for fate, transport and (eco-)toxicological testing – were reproducible between laboratories and between different aging, sampling and analysis protocols: the released fragments were a polydisperse mixture of predominantly composite fragments from the nanometre up to several micrometre diameter, and of clustered or individual nanosilica unbound to polymer. The unbound fraction was microscopically observed but could not be quantified. We found that aging conditions are very critical for the release rates, not for release characteristics. The sampling protocol tolerates some differences. Simplified aging + immersion protocols can at least partially replace, complement and extend dedicated weathering apparatus with run-off collection.
Interprofessional learning in residential aged care: providing optimal care for residents
Authors: Seaman Karla L. , Bulsara Caroline E. , Saunders Rosemary D.
Published: August 2014

Since 2010, a residential aged care provider has been in collaboration with universities in Western Australia to deliver an interprofessional education (IPE) program in residential aged care facilities. The program takes place within a residential aged care setting where university student placements from seven disciplines are integrated into a dynamic interdisciplinary team approach for care delivery. This approach provides the opportunity for two or more professionals to learn together to provide optimal care for residents. In 2012, an extensive research evaluation was performed to demonstrate, among other outcomes, the benefits to the residents and staff involved in the program. Residents, family members and staff from a residential aged care facility were invited to participate in the mixed methods evaluation. The qualitative aspects were digitally recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used to analyse the quantitative data. All were exceptionally satisfied with the IPE program.
Effects of temperature on soil net nitrogen mineralisation in two contrasting forests on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Xu Zhenfeng , Liu Qing , Yin Huajun
Published: August 2014

Intact soil cores from two adjacent forest ecosystems (natural coniferous forest and dragon spruce plantation) were incubated in the laboratory to examine effects of temperature, reforestation and their interactions on rates of nitrogen (N) mineralisation, nitrification and ammonification in the subalpine forest of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Two contrasting soils were incubated at five temperatures (–5, 0, 5, 15 and 25°C) for 4 weeks. Rates of N mineralisation and nitrification were insensitive to temperature at lower temperatures (0°C and 5°C) but increased over higher temperatures (15°C and 25°C). Large amounts of ammonium were released for each incubation time in both soils when the incubation temperature was –5°C. Therefore, the rates of mineralisation and ammonification at –5°C were significantly higher than at the other temperatures. Both the accumulations of inorganic N and rates of N transformation were significantly higher in the natural forest than in the plantation. Moreover, temperature sensitivity of net nitrification and N mineralisation were greater in the natural forest than the spruce plantation. Effects of temperature on accumulations of inorganic N and rates of N transformation were dependent on incubation time and forest ecosystem. Our results suggested that –5°C might be a key low temperature for N mineralisation in subalpine forest on the eastern Tibetan Plateau; the effect of projected warming on soil N transformation rate may be less significant in plantation forests than natural forests in this specific region.
Beyond intersubjectification
Authors: Narrog Heiko
Published: August 2014

This paper discusses textual uses of modality and mood forms in English and Japanese and claims that they represent a shift from subjective through intersubjective to the textual. As the shift towards textual function is difficult to define in terms of either subjectification or intersubjectification, it is suggested that shift towards the textual needs to be acknowledged as equal to the shift towards the subjective and the intersubjective. These three kinds of shifts are understood as together forming the larger tendency of change labeled as ‘speech-act orientation’. Furthermore, the cases discussed in this paper provide evidence for the fact that textual functions, which have often been conceived as an intermediate stage in change towards subjective and intersubjective elements, are in fact sometimes the endpoints of grammatical change, beyond subjective and intersubjective functions.
Metaphors and metonymies for the (conceptualization and expression of the) state of no emotion in English and Greek
Authors: Athanasiadou Angeliki
Published: August 2014

The vocabulary of emotion terms has been treated both within and across cultures. Emotion terms, especially terms of universal emotion concepts, have been largely discussed. What has received little or no attention at all is the state of no emotion. The paper explores this state in English and Greek. It discusses the terms and the mechanisms (metaphors and metonymies) that feature in expressions showing no emotion. It will be argued (a) that the interplay between metaphor and metonymy is a very important operation for the conceptualization of no emotion; (b) in addition to shared experience, the culture-specific schemas govern this state in the two languages.
Complex predicates and light verb constructions in Modern Irish
Authors: Nolan Brian
Published: August 2014

This paper characterises complex predicates and light verb constructions in Modern Irish. Light verbs are attested in many of the world’s languages (Alsina, Bresnan & Sells, 2001; Butt, 1995, 2003). Cross linguistically, there appears to be a common class of verbs involved in these constructions and generally there is agreement that light verbs contribute to the formation of complex predicates. Light verbs seem have a non-light or ‘heavy’ verb counterpart. In this paper we discuss the light verb constructions (LVC) as found in modern Irish and how they form complex predicates. We claim that the light verb (LV) encodes the event process initiation (or cause) and the matrix verb indicates the bounded component or result. In light verb constructions, the matrix verb appears in Modern Irish syntax as a verbal-noun form. The function of light verbs in these constructions is to modulate the event and sub-event semantics. We distinguish between auxiliary verbs constructions (AVC) and those constructions involving complex predicated and light verbs (Aikhenvald & Dixon, 2006; Anderson, 2006). We provide evidence based on an analysis of Irish data that shows how aspect and argument structure considerations are resolved for the complex predicate within the light verb construction via the linking system between semantics and syntax. We motivate a functional account, based on Role and Reference Grammar (Nolan, 2012; Nolan & Diedrichsen, 2013; Van Valin, 2005; Van Valin & LaPolla, 1997), that appeals to the analysis of complex predicates within a consideration of the layered structure of the clause.
The basic color terms of Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Gao Jingyi , Sutrop Urmas
Published: August 2014

In this paper the theory of the evolution of basic color terms introduced by Berlin & Kay is applied to Mandarin Chinese. The data was collected using the fieldwork methods, color list and color-naming tasks. The rainbow order of colors does not affect the list task results. The results, i.e. basic color terms, are calculated according to the procedure in Davies & Corbett. There are nine basic color terms in Mandarin. Ranked according to the cognitive salience criterion they are the following:hóng‘red’,huáng‘yellow’,lu‘green’,lán‘blue’,hēi‘black’,bái‘white’,zǐ‘purple’,fěn‘pink’, andhuī‘gray’. Of the fully developed set of BCTs only the terms for ‘brown’ and ‘orange’ are absent. There are no real gender differences for the BCTs. Mandarin is a Stage VII basic color vocabulary language. The absence of the Stage VI term for ‘brown’ is explained using the wild-card theory. As a result Mandarin is not a counter-example to the theory of basic color terms. We suggest that the termchéng‘orange’ is the next candidate for basic status in Mandarin. There are two competing terms for basic ‘brown’zōngandhè. If one competing term for ‘brown’ (with high probability the termzōng) becomes basic, Mandarin Chinese will have a full set (eleven) of basic color terms.
Stress onI
Authors: Travis Catherine E. , Torres Cacoullos Rena
Published: August 2014

Much previous work on stress describes its function as being that of marking contrast. While some evidence has been adduced in experimental studies, work on spontaneous speech data has been plagued by a lack of operational definitions. To address this, we examine approximately 1,500 tokens of the English first singular subject pronoun in a corpus of conversational American English.Independently motivated operationalizations of contrast fail to support an overarching contrastive function of stress onI. Rather, examining co-occurrence patterns through multivariate analysis, we find that, besides chunked units (including discourse formulae as delimited by frequency and positioning), patterns of stress are subject to context-dependent discourse factors: accessibility (measured in distance from the previous mention), in tandem with coreferential priming (a tendency to repeat a preceding coreferential stressedI), as well as turn taking (an initial-position effect), and contrast in a semantic sense (manifested in higher rates of stress under negative polarity).
Indo-Trinidadian speech
Authors: Leung Glenda , Deuber Dagmar
Published: August 2014

This paper examines the extent to which fundamental frequency (F0) contributes to the stereotype that Indo-Trinidadians have a distinctive way of speaking, namely that they have high-pitched voices in contrast to Afro-Trinidadians, who are perceived as having voices with a low tone. We report the results of an experiment in which the F0 of voice samples of both Afro- and Indo-Trinidadians was acoustically modified to investigate this stereotype. Listeners were presented with unmodified as well as modified samples and were asked to identify the speaker’s ethnicity. Our results reveal that F0 is indeed one of the salient cues which Trinidadians rely on to distinguish ethnicity. In addition, phonation emerges as a potential ethnicity cue.