bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harm to the global commons on trial: The role of the prevention principle in international climate adjudication
Authors: Duvic‐Paoli Leslie‐Anne , Gervasi Mario
Published: December 2022

Although the climate crisis is the result of a failure to prevent environmental harm, the principle of prevention has thus far remained discrete in domestic climate litigation. Similarly, in the context of international climate adjudication, reliance on the prevention principle could seem limited by two main obstacles: its anchor in bilateralism and its normative indeterminacy. This article argues that, on the contrary, the prevention principle could serve important functions in international climate adjudication. First, it shows that climate change falls within the reach of the prevention principle, which aims to protect the environment per se as a community interest. Then it explores two argumentative scenarios that are based on different constructions of the prevention principle, conceived either as a customary duty or as a general principle of international law. In both cases, recourse to the prevention principle can offer numerous advantages, which vary depending on the objectives strategically pursued.
Living with suicidal thoughts: A scoping review
Authors: Søndergaard Rikke , Buus Niels , Berring Lene Lauge , Andersen Christian Blegvad , Grundahl Malene , Stjernegaard Karina , Hybholt Lisbeth
Published: December 2022

Background

There is a significantly higher number of people experiencing severe levels of suicidal thoughts compared to that of suicidal deaths and suicide attempts. In suicide prevention research, there is a shift towards greater emphasis on people's experiences of living with suicidal thoughts. This can expand the existing evidence base, which is dominated by a biomedical approach. The aim of this review was to summarise and disseminate existing research on the lived experiences of living with suicidal thoughts.

Methods

A scoping review by Arksey & O'Malley consisting of six stages: (1) formulating the research question, (2) identifying relevant studies, (3) selecting studies, (4) mapping data, (5) summarising the results and (6) consulting stakeholders. PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched for studies in English, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian. Peer‐reviewed articles examining people's experiences of living with suicidal thoughts using qualitative methods were included. The search was supplemented with a citation pearl search in the Web of Science database. Twenty‐eight studies were included.

Results

The findings were organised under two thematic headings: (a) the significance of social connections and (b) a loss of the personal self.

Conclusion

There is a need for further qualitative research of people's experiences of living with suicidal thoughts from an everyday life perspective. Awareness about social connections and attachment in mental health prevention and governance is crucial. Trauma‐informed care could be a useful approach to prevent suicidal thoughts as the review found that many participants had traumatic experiences in both childhood and adulthood. As part of the treatment of suicidal thoughts, it might be useful to have a focus on narrative and communicative methods and their clinical application.
Taking a “multiple forms” approach to diversity: An introduction, policy implications, and legal recommendations
Authors: Rios Kimberly , Cohen Adam B.
Published: December 2022

In both academic and policy contexts, two of the most widely researched and discussed diversity ideologies are multiculturalism (i.e., acknowledgment and celebration of group differences) and colorblindness (which can involve focusing on group similarities and characteristics of individuals instead of differences). However, both diversity ideologies have potential drawbacks, and their implications for intergroup contexts beyond race and ethnicity are not well understood. Given that the United States is becoming increasingly diverse in terms of religion, gender identity, and sexual orientation as well as race and ethnicity, we propose a “multiple forms” approach to diversity ideologies, particularly multiculturalism. We suggest that explicitly emphasizing the importance of many types of diversity may be beneficial for dominant and non‐dominant group members and for institutions and organizations more broadly. In this article, we present an overview of the “multiple forms” approach and what it would entail, review empirical evidence supporting its potential effectiveness, discuss the psychological and legal advantages and challenges involved in implementing such an approach, and offer concrete policy recommendations for doing so.
HLA‐DQA1*05:01:11, a novel HLA‐DQA1 allele with an ochre stop codon
Authors: Marin Rubio Luis A. , Ontañon Jesús
Published: December 2022

The DQA1*05:01:11 allele shows the TAA (UAA) stop codon instead of the common DQA1 TGA (UGA) stop codon.
ADOLESCENT IDENTITY FORMATION VERSUS SPIRITUAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors: Chatlos John Calvin
Published: December 2022

Since 1950, Erik Erikson's emphasis on ego‐identity formation as the crucial task of adolescence has been the framework for almost all subsequent research and programming to empower positive adolescent development. Chatlos has recently described a “Framework of Spirituality” and contends that identity formation significantly interferes with and should occur after a spiritual transformational process for optimal and more meaningful adolescent development. This article reviews the current status of research in identity formation, including religious and spiritual identity formation contributing to his conclusion, and describes the spiritual transformational process that is proposed to be central to positive adolescent development. A possible link between systemic focus on identity formation and current social upheaval is also identified.
Typology of Ukrainian Verb Stems: Word-Forming and Morphonological Aspects
Authors: Demeshko Inna
Published: December 2022

The description of word-forming morphology of deverbatives of the modern Ukrainian language in view of its functional character, dynamic processes in the language, shifts that have taken place in its corpus in recent times, provides good grounds for determining new classification principles of morphological analysis of deverbatives. The article identifies morphonological types of basic verbs of word-forming units in the Ukrainian language. The word-forming units play a dominant role in the systematization of Ukrainian word-formation, as it clearly traces the patterns of the internal mechanism, which is characterized by hierarchical connections between other complex units of the word-formation system (word-forming pairs, chains, series and word-forming paradigms). Reconstruction of the basic verbs of word-forming units makes it possible to correctly determine the direction of word-forming motivation, morphonological type and to establish a morphonological model. Their properties are clarified by the nature of the basic verb stem, morphonological transformations into morphonologically marked derivatives at different degrees of derivation. The spectrum of morphonological types of basic verbs of word-forming units in the Ukrainian language covers word-forming units of morphonological types of indivisible and divisible basic verbs of word-forming units. With indivisible basic verbs there are 5 morphological classes, with divisible basic verbs – 7.
The Semantics of Morphological Means of Expressing Human Emotions
Authors: Ryskulova Gulzhamal , Satybaldieva Gulmira , Sartbekova Nurjan
Published: December 2022

People face various psychological states, situations, emotions, and conflicts to realise their various desires in life, and they often deliver these situations to others through language means. Hence, there is a need to study various manifestations of the psychological state of a person, the phenomena of internal feelings, not only at the linguistic level, but also at the level of mental consciousness. Therefore, the main purpose of the work is to analyse the semantics of morphological means of expressing human emotions. Consideration of the definitions from various literary texts, explanation through linguistic means of various psychological situations that arose during communication to meet all the needs of humanity, the influence of expressed thoughts from these texts, emotions in various psychological situations, emotional stress, the definition of nature through psychological acceptance, and the interpretation of the expressive semantics in linguistic means contributed to this study. In the work, using the analysis of scientific studies of various scientists, it was determined that emotions play an important role in human communication. Phraseological units that are able to express the concepts of a state were analysed. It has been established that in psychology, the position of word units is used as communicative and significative functions, which makes it possible to outline the position as a means of exchanging opinions.
Mode of Understanding the Terms "Concept" and "Folklore Concept" in Modern Humanities
Authors: Teleutsia Valentyna , Pavlova Alla , Sydorenko Liliia , Tilniak Neonila , Kapliyenko-Iliuk Yuliya , Venzhynovych Natalia
Published: December 2022

The urgency of the study is explained by the importance of a thorough study of typology and classification of concepts in terms of modern cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, history, ethnolinguistics, philosophy and psychology, including folklore concept as a set of signs that form a semiotic model of national and cultural experience and allow in-depth study of cultural processes in the light of historical and national factors. The aim of the article is to try to comprehend the concept and folklore concept from the standpoint of modern researchers working in various fields of humanities, to analyse, compare the main aspects of studying the problem, considering industry specific features. The main research method is a theoretical method that involves analysis, synthesis, generalisation of the theoretical basis on this topic, and the subject of study – the term concept as a tool of scientific analysis, mental construct and unit of consciousness. The article identifies the main structural and classification features of concepts, diversity of views on the problem of folklore concept from the standpoint of scholars from different fields of humanities and representatives of different cultural strata, the specific features of Ukrainian folklore are considered in detail on the example of texts of thoughts, historical songs, songs-chronicles, wedding songs, carols, Christmas carols, ballads. The materials presented in this paper will help to clarify the specific features and breadth of the mode of understanding certain cultural, folklore and historical phenomena at the intersection of various humanities and social sciences.
Corpus and Experimental Methods as the Components of the Cognitive Research of the Concept Language Policy
Authors: Anisimova Alla , Safonova Nataliia , Dobrushyna Mariia , Lysenko Nataliia , Bezrodnykh Iryna
Published: December 2022

This article deals with the theoretical basis of cognitive research of the language policy concept. Corpus and experimental methods of the concept have been analyzed. The concept language policy is an object of different discourses, so as a language phenomenon it deals with the text taken into account the frequency of use, establishing a list of words related to this concept to establish the features of understanding the phenomenon of language policy by native speakers. The experimental techniques, namely, an associative experiment, the method of subjective definitions have been used. The corpus research methods have been applied to clarify the obtained results. Corpus-based and corpus-driven approaches to understand the concept have been analyzed. Some experimental methods have been used to study the content of the concept and its features. Such techniques allow obtaining information about the perception and interpretation of the concept under study by human consciousness. The study consists in the maximum coverage of the methods of analysis of the concept language policy. The theoretical component of the study of the concept language policy is analyzed. The aim of the article is to identify the necessity and possibility of combining several methods of studying the concept within the framework of linguocognitive analysis. To meet this aim, it is necessary to define the following objectives: 1) to describe the approaches to the corpus and experimental methods; 2) to point out the essence of corpus analyses; 3) to corpus analyses to identify the peculiarities of the concept`s content.
The Language of Job Advertisements as Part of Employer Branding
Authors: Dmytruk Olga , Tyschenko Olena , Biletska Tetiana , Nikiforova Yevheniia
Published: December 2022

The article offers the analysis of job advertisements as part of employer branding from a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective. It gives the insight into how the companies attract prospective employees by creating a positive image of the company, which appeals to the target audience. The authors study online job advertisements with the intention of specifying which linguistic and visual means help create the brand of the company at the stage of recruitment. As part of CDA method, a wide range of social, economic and psychological contexts are taken into account when carrying out the analysis. The coding process of the analysis is performed at the descriptive and interpretative levels. The authors explore the structure of a typical online job post highlighting the unique characteristics of each element. The article focuses on the strategies and tactics employers use in Employer Description section in order to target the best candidates who share the same values, win acclaim for the company, and form its distinct image. Particular emphasis is placed on the outlining the primary components of successful employer branding and their linguistic expression. Extra consideration is given to the impact of prevailing social values on the choice of strategies implemented in the job advertisements. The authors consider the specifics of COVID-19 pandemic context and its reflection on recruitment.
“Isch Grolle Nischt” by Heinrich Heine in Musically and Comparative Discourse of an Eminent Text
Authors: Frait Oksana , Katrych Olha , Novakovych Myroslava , Maychyk Ostap , Maychyk Natalia
Published: December 2022

Eminentness is a term of the German hermeneutic philosopher Hans-Georg Gadamer, which he used to denote a text which contains an interpretation of its complementary meaning. First of all, he considered this to be a song with the word (poetry) and the music as its constituent parts. The combination of “literature and music”, i.e., vocal music, is one of the examples of the comparative (intermedial) theories of Stephen Paul Scheer. There are also two examples, including “literature in music” and “music in literature”, represented by programme music and musical prose as other forms of this integration, which can also be seen as eminent artistic texts. In this musical and comparative discourse, consider the poem “Isch grolle nischt” by Heinrich Heine, which has returned to literature after its integration into music, which showcases the works of prominent and nationally representative artists – except the German poet, the German and Ukrainian composers (Robert Schumann and Mykola Lysenko), the Ukrainian poet, writer and literary critic Lesya Ukrainka, and the unknown under a pseudonym V. Tarchansky. These artefacts draw attention if looking back at cross-cultural Ukrainian-German interactions. Particular aspects of the topic have already been covered by musicologists and literary scholars. The problem of the musicalisation of H. Heine's poetry has been addressed by many Ukrainian and foreign scholars. Ukrainian literary critics have focused on the “musical prose” associated with Heine's works. However, this subject has not yet been studied in the sum of the above comparative examples, and the discourse of eminentness, hence the relevance of this article.
Conceptual View of the World and Means of Its Media Interpretation in Modern Theatrical Journalism of Ukraine
Authors: Galatska Valentyna , Filipenko Viktoria , Mamchych Inna , Dashko Nataliia , Nechyporenko Svitlana
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the methods of media interpretation of the worldview are shown in the ambiguity of the theatrical concept of view of the world in modern art. This is an important problem of the scientific tools development for the combination of different theatrical journalistic approaches, which are considered around the industry of mass culture, and have an impact on the development of social values in times of war tension. The conceptual view of the world in theatrical journalism allows a comprehensive approach to the diverse expression of symbolism, which the subjects build and reconstruct in the cultural field, demarcated in various institutional spaces. The purpose of the study is to consider the characteristics and elements of the communicative content of cultural and spiritual aspects of the worldview in the current space of theatre journalism. The following methods were used to achieve the stated purposes: system, content analysis method, and comparative. The work results determined that the concept of the modern worldview of Ukraine makes it possible to historically restore cultural traditions and their expression as a sample of the cultural structure the analysis. Theatre as a cultural element of a person forms their personality, starting with parallel events of present, based on a set of principles of society and culture. Philosophical structures, religions or political systems provide an interpretive basis with a complex vision, and sometimes with a resistant to changes vision. It was identified that questions about the world are inextricably connected with the development of culture and art. Possible answers to these questions are concentrated in works of art, the structure of which is based on original intuitions, concepts, categories, truths of the mind, axioms and symbols. All these factors create a semantic network that materialises in essential aspects of any human community. The practical significance is in the use of the work results by theatre journalists for the development of Ukrainian culture and independence during the Russo-Ukrainian war.
Idiolect – idiostyle – Sociolect: Differentiation and Interrelation of Linguistic Terms
Authors: Hirniak Sviltana , Kravchenko-Dzondza Olena , Lutsiv Svitlana , Lehka Lesia , Panochko Mykhailo
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the importance of distinguishing the concepts of idiolect, idiostyle, and sociolect in linguistic science, understanding the processes occurring at the border of the terminological field, and using psychological, sociological, and communicative aspects to understand the mechanisms of building these concepts. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of linguistic terms based on various criteria, in particular the number of communicants (speakers), social marking or neutrality of the lexical layer, the purpose, conditions, and purposes of the development of certain language layers, the features of the design of lexemes at different levels of the national language (phonological, phonetic, grammatical, morphological, stylistic, syntactic). The main method of research is a theoretical approach to understanding the concepts of idiolect, idiostyle, and sociolect, searching for relationships between them and differences. This study discloses the main intralingual and extralingual factors that contribute to the development, identification, or isolation of these concepts, the features of the coexistence of these terms in contexts with different stylistic content, considers the mechanisms by which the boundaries between these concepts can be outlined, focuses on modern research on the emergence of idiolects, idiostyles, and sociolects. The materials presented in this study will help to further study terminological processes in depth, in particular, contextual and conceptological, global interdisciplinary influences in the national space, mechanisms of isolation and structuring of certain terms to expand or narrow already known meanings.
The Associative Field of the Concepts “Japan” and “ウクライナ” (Ukraine) based on the Results of an Associative Experiment among Japanese and Ukrainians as the Cultural Stereotypes Evidence
Authors: Komarnytska Tamara , Vozniuk Hanna , Asadchykh Oksana , Bukriienko Andrii , Kuzmenko Yuliia
Published: December 2022

The paper attempts to identify and describe the typical cultural stereotypes of Japanese about Ukraine and0000000000000000 of Ukrainians about Japan on the basis of data gained from a free associative experiment based on stimulus words Japan and ウクライナ (Ukraine). The results of the free associative experiment revealed the associative field of the proper name concept Ukraine among Japanese (Russia, Africa, Europe, Uruguay, Uganda, cold, beautiful women, war, dangerous, black soil, Chornobyl), whereas the associative field of the proper name concept Japan contains lexemes samurai, geisha, sakura, Fujiyama, Fukushima, sushi, Sony, Toyota, anime. According to the qualitative classification of associations, the following are syntagmatic (Ukraine – cold, dangerous; Japan – distant, exotic) and paradigmatic (Ukraine – Russia, Africa, Europe, Uganda, Chornobyl, black soil, war, beautiful women; Japan – Fujiyama, Hiroshima, samurai, geisha, sakura, sake, sushi, Toyota, hentai), with paradigmatic associations being more widely spread. The peculiarity of the Japanese reactions to the word-stimulus Ukraine is the lack of individual reactions, but the presence of phonetic ones, which is explained by the shallow level of awareness of Ukraine in Japan. The prevalence of qualitative reactions with a negative assessment can be noted. A feature of the reactions of Ukrainians to the word-stimulus Japan is the lack of hyperonymic and phonetic reactions. Also, due to the great interest in Japan among Ukrainians, some individual associations can be found. In both cases, no synonymous and causative reactions can be explained by the characteristics of the stimulus words themselves. Many meronymic and qualitative reactions can be explained by those cognitive mechanisms being more accessible. As for the general image of Japan among Ukrainians, the image of exoticism and technology can be observed. The associative experiment proved that both nations are influenced by stereotypes about each other, which can be overcome through educational campaigns.
Political Communication in Multilateral Diplomacy: Linguistic Dimension
Authors: Kuchyk Halyna , Kuchyk Oleksandr
Published: December 2022

Conceptual approaches to the study of the text as phenomenon are highlighted; its place and role in the communicative activity of the individual, social groups, state, international actors are determined. The peculiarities of political communication in the political and diplomatic activities of states in the international arena are analyzed. The importance of linguistics in diplomatic relations cannot be underestimated. Diplomatic etiquette and norms of the negotiation process significantly affect both the success of the process in international relations and the positions of the parties and their willingness to cooperate. The relevance of this study lies in the attraction of sources of different origin for a comprehensive analysis and processing of this little-studied aspect of international relations. The aim of the article is to analyze the issue of political text in political linguistics and its place in political communication within political and diplomatic activities of multilateral cooperation. The methodological basis of the research is a multidisciplinary approach, which includes both general and specific scientific research methods. The methodology is based on a systematic approach, which is to study the political text as a single system of interconnected elements (linguistic, communicative, discourse), which are characterized by interconnectedness and interdependence. This allows us to consider the text as a set of speech and writing activities to create a text as an element of communicative activity and the result of political communication, which creates a text as a result of the political willing of the state in the international arena.
British and American English and the Position of Slang in These Languages
Authors: Salimova Nargiz
Published: December 2022

The meaning of the term “slang” in English is different from other languages. The main reason for this is the migration of the English-speaking population to other continents (North America, Australia, Asia) from the beginning of the 17th century, the fact that their languages became the dominant language by suppressing local languages, and due to the use of English by representatives of other nations who migrated to these places. Therefore, English is spoken in the Australian, Indian, South African and American varieties. These varieties are also called “slangs” of the English language. Therefore, there is still no single view on the concept of “slang”. In English lexicology, slangs include the most diverse words and word combinations, from jargons to neologisms. In American English, slangs are pronounced more obvious. Especially after American Revolutionary War, English became important in the United States, and now there are those who consider it an independent language. The American English was enriched by a variety of sources and adapted to the use of people who migrated to these areas. The article compares the British and American English at different levels and determines their different points.
Speech Techniques as an Important Tool of Verbal Action in the Art of the Actor
Authors: Soroka Ivan , Gusakova Nina , Plutalov Serhii , Tsyselska Oksana , Kuprii Tetiana
Published: December 2022

The relevance of the study is conditioned upon the fact that contemporary art undergoes various transformations. Notably, modern theater is aimed at creating a variety of entertainment forms. It depends on the bright scenery, outrageous acting and the availability of experimental performances. Speech techniques as an important tool of verbal action in the art of the actor also acquired a specific, even paradoxical character. The theatrical work becomes quite subjective and individualised, embodies the inner well-being of the artist in the depiction of his emotions, worldview and more. In this regard, the article aims to determine the nature and features of speech techniques in the practice of performing arts. The leading methods of research on this problem are methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction, generalisation and comparison of approaches, which will help determine the main essence of the problem of speech and speech techniques as an important tool of verbal action in the art of the actor. The article presents various approaches to the study and interpretation of the stage word as a socio-cultural phenomenon; the analysis of works of artists, researchers who are engaged in research of this process is carried out; emphasis is placed on psychological difficulties and peculiarities of the organisation of verbal action on the stage; the definition of the essence of the subtext as a category of stage speech is offered; the methods of its embodiment in theatrical practice are substantiated; the specific features of the functioning of intonation in stage works are traced; diagnosed promising methods of developing the technique of stage speech in theatrical activities; the requirements of acting in the context of the development of theater of the 21st century are determined; the process of creating exemplary stage speech is demonstrated; recommendations and main tasks for improving speech techniques as an important tool of verbal action in the art of the actor and component of theatrical art are revealed. The materials of the article are of practical and theoretical value for art critics, actors, directors, culturologists and theater figures, who will be able to improve the forms of work on the word, to develop skills of language and speech culture. In addition, the information may be relevant for students of stage and art, scientists, teachers who will be able to implement certain principles in future theater activities.
The Dialogue between Universalized Dialectics and Logic of Interpersonal Communication: Manifesting the Discourse Reciprocity
Authors: Suima Irina , Panchenko Olena , Patsan Vasyl , Vlasenko Nataliia
Published: December 2022

The aim of the article is to bridge the gap between linguistic segmentations of the dialogue and philosophical integrations of its structure in the course of revealing the reciprocal character of correlation between discourse models generalizing the mutuality of interlocutors’ personal positions realized in communicative interactions to manifest singularities in the variety of their verbalized worldviews and dialogicity matrices singularizing the general discursive mutual connection between “the Self” and “the Other” in their communicability manifestations intended to comprehend the Source of being as the Universal Verity. The relevance of the study is determined by both the rediscovery of the communication sense-producing resource in the field of post-non-classical thought and the exposure of the dialogical deadlock denoted by the attempts to rationalize the acceptance of the Inescapable Alterity as a unity core of the Personality at the background of post-metaphysical declaration of limited potential of rational cognition. Combining the methods of hermeneutics and phenomenology with the approaches of structural linguistics and textology in the interdisciplinary area formed by philosophy and philology to problematize the interdiscursivity as an activity of the person’s self-manifestation, the research reveals an effect of the disguised discourse reciprocity emphasizing the irreducibility of interpersonal relations in both the theories objectivizing the speech multiple entities by abstracting dialogue-forming intentions and reactions from the subjectivity and the conceptions substantiating the intersubjective understanding diversification as a mode of comprehending the objective truth and the Non-Objectivized Authenticity. The authors prove that the philosophical accents on “the Self’ – “the Other” relationship as the primary dimension of the dialogicity argue for transcending the reduced subject’s position marked by the linguistically substantiated complex discursive unities distinguished as sequences of stimulating replica and reacting replica, while the linguistic focus on the communicative dialogue intentionality initiates the realization of cognitive limits established in the sphere of philosophizing to objectivize the rationally unmediated communicability.
Interrelation and Consistency in the Thematic Stages of the Publicistic Style
Authors: Suvorova Svitlana , Halapsis Alex , Vetrova Stella , Aksyonova Vira , Sklovsky Igor
Published: December 2022

In the article, we analyzed the combination of thematic and key vocabulary, words with the highest usage rates. In today's world of publicistic communication has gained global significance. Summarizing all that has been said about the thematic chains of the publicistic text, let us note their structural and content certainty: as the main nomination, they consistently use the basic one, in the composition of non-main nominations the most significant are folded transforms, after which, significantly inferior to them in frequency, there are substitutes. Semantically and stylistically, the thematic chains of a publicistic text are uniform, they have a bookish character, since these chains are defined by a term and implemented on its basis. Comparison of the use of the terms cyclization and cycle in this text shows that the second of them, being no less frequent in the text, is used mainly as a means of segmentation in the middle of the article and especially when it comes to research material. The differences in the composition of the nomination chains of the main theme are insignificant. To the named structural types of nominations, one can single out the main nominations of the text chain, add only grammatical transformations. Thus, in this article we can note the status of the base unit as the main in the text. The nature of the information entered and the compositional role properties of bundles that are equally relevant for a publicistic text. A certain uniformity is also observed in the field of combinatorics of the linguistic components of the publicistic thematic chain.
Communicative Methods of Forming Professional Competences of Future Foreign Specialists During Distance Learning of Ukrainian Language in HEIs
Authors: Zavaruieva Inna , Bondarenko Larysa , Lutsenko Valentina , Nazarenko Olena , Fedko Olha
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's military aggression against Ukraine have surely influenced the intensive development of distance learning and showed the difficulties that occurred during the educational process, especially for foreign students. Under such conditions, the use of the latest means of teaching the Ukrainian language has become one of the main priorities for the training of future foreign specialists in higher education institutions. The purpose of the work is to analyze and identify effective methods that will develop communicative abilities of foreign students in the process of learning Ukrainian. During the study, video materials, dictionaries and color schemes were used, and the survey was conducted with second and third year students. The results of the research showed that introducing students to the cultural heritage of Ukraine before the direct study of the language increased their motivation and desire to learn Ukrainian. In addition, due to the use of role/business games and video materials in stages in accordance with their specialization, there was an increase in vocabulary, as indicated by high rates of listening. In case of problems with the perception of information and its adequate understanding (reception), mnemonics were used, which included non-verbal sign language or the principle of situationality. The study also showed that most students have difficulties with learning grammar. Therefore, the method of color schemes was used, which helped to focus on the exceptions and rules with a certain color. The methodology proposed by the authors was used in the study of cases of noun and adjective. At the same time, students independently chose colors and made an association with the concept indicated by the teacher. In addition, during the work it was advisable to use dictionaries, in particular, to search for words of foreign origin, which greatly influenced the process of proper understanding of the educational material by foreigners. The results show positive changes for effective, high-quality and fast learning of Ukrainian language by foreigners.
The acute effect of heat exposure on forearm macro‐ and microvascular function: Impact of measurement timing, heating modality and biological sex
Authors: Chaseling Georgia K. , Debray Amélie , Gravel Hugo , Ravanelli Nicholas , Bartlett Audrey‐Ann , Gagnon Daniel
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the acute effect of heat exposure on brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) and postocclusion reactive hyperaemia (PORH) by: characterizing the time course of changes post‐heating; comparing forearm and whole‐body heating; determining the impact of forearm heating during whole‐body heating; and comparing males and females. Twenty adults (11 males and nine females; 28 ± 6 years of age) underwent two forearm [10 min electric blanket (EB) or 30 min hot water immersion (WI)] and two whole‐body [60 min water‐perfused suit with forearm covered (WBH‐C) or uncovered (WBH‐U)] heating modalities. The FMD and PORH were measured before and after (≤5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min) heating. The FMD increased from baseline 30 min after EB, and 30 and 90 min after WI. In contrast, FMD decreased from baseline immediately after both WBH modalities. Peak PORH increased immediately after WI and both WBH modalities. Total PORH did not differ after WI, whereas it decreased immediately after both WBH modalities. Covering the forearm during WBH did not alter acute changes in FMD or PORH. Changes in FMD and PORH did not differ statistically between males and females during each heating modality, although the observed differences could not always be considered equivalent. These results demonstrate that the acute effect of heat exposure on brachial artery FMD and PORH is: (1) transient and short lasting; (2) different between forearm heating and WBH; (3) unaffected by direct forearm heating during WBH; and (4) not different but not always equivalent between males and females.
Skin properties and afferent density in the deterioration of tactile spatial acuity with age
Authors: Deflorio Davide , Di Luca Massimiliano , Wing Alan M.
Published: December 2022

Tactile sensitivity is affected by age, as shown by the deterioration of spatial acuity assessed with the two‐point discrimination task. This is assumed to be partly a result of age‐related changes of the peripheral somatosensory system. In particular, in the elderly, the density of mechanoreceptive afferents decreases with age and the skin tends to become drier, less elastic and less stiff. To assess to what degree mechanoreceptor density, skin hydration, elasticity and stiffness can account for the deterioration of tactile spatial sensitivity observed in the elderly, several approaches were combined, including psychophysics, measurements of finger properties, modelling and simulation of the response of first‐order tactile neurons. Psychophysics confirmed that the Elderly group has lower tactile acuity than the Young group. Correlation and commonality analysis showed that age was the most important factor in explaining decreases in behavioural performance. Biological elasticity, hydration and finger pad area were also involved. These results were consistent with the outcome of simulations showing that lower afferent density and lower Young's modulus (i.e. lower stiffness) negatively affected the tactile encoding of stimulus information. Simulations revealed that these changes resulted in a lower build‐up of task‐relevant stimulus information. Importantly, the reduction in discrimination performance with age in the simulation was less than that observed in the psychophysical testing, indicating that there are additional peripheral as well as central factors responsible for age‐related changes in tactile discrimination.

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Key points

Ageing effects on tactile perception involve the deterioration of spatial sensitivity, although the contribution of central and peripheral factors is not clear.

We combined psychophysics, measurements of finger properties, modelling and simulation of the response of first‐order tactile neurons to investigate to what extent skin elasticity, stiffness, hydration, finger pad area and afferent density can account for the lower spatial sensitivity observed in the elderly.

Correlation and commonality analysis revealed that age was the most important factor to predict behavioural performance. Skin biological elasticity, hydration and finger pad area contributed to a lesser extent.

The simulation of first‐order tactile neuron responses indicated that reduction in afferent density plays a major role in the deterioration of tactile spatial acuity.

Simulations also showed that lower skin stiffness and lower afferent density affect the build‐up of stimulus information and the response of SA1 (i.e. type 1 slowly adapting fibres) and RA1 (i.e. type 1 rapidly adapting fibres) afferent fibres.
A Computational Approach to Identifying Engineering Design Problems
Authors: Obieke Chijioke C. , Milisavljevic-Syed Jelena , Silva Arlindo , Han Ji
Published: December 2022

Identifying new problems and providing solutions are necessary tasks for design engineers at early-stage product design and development. A new problem fosters innovative and inventive solutions. Hence, it is expected that engineering design pedagogy and practice should equally focus on engineering design problem-exploring (EDPE)—a process of identifying or coming up with a new problem or need at the early-stage of design, and engineering design problem-solving (EDPS)—a process of developing engineering design solutions to a given problem. However, studies suggest that EDPE is scarcely practiced or given attention to in academia and industry, unlike EDPS. The aim of this paper is to investigate the EDPE process for any information relating to its scarce practice in academia and industry. This is to explore how emerging technologies could support the process. Natural models and phenomena that explain the EDPE process are investigated, including the “rational” and “garbage can” models, and associated challenges identified. A computational framework that mimics the natural EDPE process is presented. The framework is based on Markovian model and computational technologies, including machine learning. A case study is conducted with a sample size of 43 participants drawn worldwide from the engineering design community in academia and industry. The case study result shows that the first-of-its-kind computational EDPE framework presented in this paper supports both novice and experienced design engineers in EDPE.
Conceptual Multi-Physic Coupling Simulation on Transient Operations Of a He-Xe Cooled Mobile Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Deng Jiaolong , Chai Xiang , Zhang Tengfei , Liu Xiaojing
Published: December 2022

Mobile nuclear power plants (MNPP) with low-enriched fuel loading, compact structures, and flexible configurations significantly apply emergency power supply for remote locations. Due to good compressibility and heat-transfer performance, the He-Xe mixture is used as the working medium of the closed Brayton cycle (CBC) and the coolant of the graphite-based solid-state reactor (SSR). In the present work, multi-physics transient simulations are conducted based on the open-source software OpenFOAM. CFD methods solve the heat transfer between the solid matrix and the He-Xe channels, and the three-dimensional temperature distributions can be determined. Because of the large amounts of channels in the core, we employ a porous media model to decrease the mesh resolution near the channel-to-cladding interface. For simplification, the power transient is controlled by point kinetic equations. Doppler broadening effect is considered as the feedback between the neutronics and thermal-hydraulics. The rest components of the CBC, such as the pre-cooler, the compressor, the recuperator and the turbine, are represented as a one-dimensional model to update the boundary condition of the reactor core. The simulation results reveal dynamic features of the CBC system under several transient operations. The numerical analysis of this work could provide references to the further analysis of the MNPP.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Mixed Convection Heat Transfer to Liquid Metals in a Vertical Pipe
Authors: Dzodzo Milorad B.
Published: December 2022

Velocity and temperature fields caused by mixed convection in vertical pipes containing liquid metals were predicted numerically with a computational fluid dynamics model based on a finite volume method. The constant heat flux was imposed as a boundary condition at pipe walls. The developed model considered variable properties of the liquid metals with the Prandtl numbers Pr ∼ 0.0059. The range of considered Reynolds and modified Grashof numbers were 10,000 < Re < 50,000 and 108 < Gr* < 4*108. The ascending and descending flows with moderate and high buoyancy were considered. For some cases, conjugated heat transfer including pipe walls was modeled. Various sensitivity studies such as mesh sizes, meshing approaches, considered computational domains, initial, inlet, and outlet conditions, and axial conduction in pipe walls were performed. The meshing approach was based on hexahedral cells and local mesh refinement near the pipe walls. The modeling approach was evaluated against experimental Nusselt numbers, velocity, and temperature profiles.
Risk-Based Hoop Stress Factors for Pressure Design
Authors: Adianto Riski , Nessim Maher , Ngandu Balek
Published: December 2022

A risk-based pressure design approach has been developed as an alternative to the class location approach currently used in the Canadian Standard Association’s (CSA’s) Standard Z662. Similar to the current approach, the new approach uses a set of hoop stress factors to calculate the minimum wall thickness from the pressure, diameter, and specified minimum yield strength. The hoop stress factors, termed class factors, are calibrated to keep the failure probability below an allowable value for the limit states representing burst of undamaged pipe under the operating pressure and failure due to equipment impact loading. Yielding under the strength test pressure is addressed as a separate limit on the class factor. To achieve a consistent safety level for all pipelines, the allowable failure probabilities are inversely proportional to the magnitude of failure consequences, as implied by a safety class determined according to the approach described in a companion IPC paper.

This paper describes the calibration process used to define the class factors and provides a comparison between the wall thicknesses resulting from the risk-based approach and those obtained from the current hoop stress factors in CSA Z662.
The Decompressed Stress Level in Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide Full-Scale Fracture Propagation Tests
Authors: Cosham Andrew , Michal Guillaume , Østby Erling , Barnett Julian
Published: December 2022

A total of nine full-scale fracture propagation tests with liquid or dense phase carbon dioxide (CO2) have been conducted by four research projects: CO2PIPETRANS, COOLTRANS, SARCO2B and CO2SafeArrest.

The semi-empirical Two Curve Model assumes that steady-state ductile fracture propagation can be described using an effective crack length. It was shown that a normalised effective crack length that separated the arrest and propagate data points from full-scale tests with subcooled water, water-air or gas could be defined on a plot of the normalised decompressed stress level (the hoop stress at the crack tip) versus the normalised toughness.

DNV-RP-F104 September 2021 Design and operation of carbon dioxide pipelines introduced a simple empirical model for establishing whether or not a running ductile fracture would arrest in a pipeline transporting liquid or dense phase CO2. The empirical model is also based on the aforementioned plot, but with data points from full-scale tests with dense phase CO2.

COOLTRANS and CO2SafeArrest have collaborated in a reanalysis of the raw data from each of their respective full-scale tests. A re-plotting of the data points confirms the appropriateness of the empirical model in DNV-RP-F104. It also provides an insight into a possible difference between the effective crack length for natural gas, and for liquid or dense phase CO2.
The Elicitor Effect of Yeast Extract on the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Linum grandiflorum Cells Cultured In Vitro and Their Antiradical Activity
Authors: Goncharuk E. A. , Saibel O. L. , Zaitsev G. P. , Zagoskina N. V.
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the elicitor effect of yeast extract (YE) in various concentrations (200–1000 mg/L) on the accumulation of phenolic compounds (PC) in flowering flax (Linum grandiflorum Desf.) cells cultured in vitro and their antiradical activity. It is established that the total PС content and the content of phenylpropanoids increase in the cell culture, especially at high YE concentrations in the medium (500 and 1000 mg/L). The antiradical activity of flax culture extracts remains in most cases at the control level. Therefore, the elicitation of flowering flax in vitro cultures by YE activates the PC biosynthesis resulting in the accumulation of these secondary metabolites, while the antiradical activity of cell culture extracts does not decrease compared to the control level.