bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nano-scale investigation of organic C sequestration and distribution on Fe oxides during ferrihydrite transformation: effect of Al-substitution
Authors: Liu Fu , Ding Zecong , Lu Yang , Li Rong , Shi Zhenqing
Published: September 2022

Al-substitution in Fe oxides increased the sorption of aromatic C, which was dominantly bound to the outer layer of the organo–mineral interfaces as the carboxyl C was preferentially sorbed onto the surfaces of Fe oxides.
Influence of aluminum microparticles on plasma chemistry and structural dynamics of ns-laser ablated 5-methyl-1H-tetrazole in argon atmosphere
Authors: Deng K. , Li S. W. , Zhao Y. L. , Shi J. C. , Luo S. N.
Published: September 2022

Aluminum microparticles as an additive in ns-laser ablation of C2H4N4, can enhance the emission intensity of C2 and CN, and promote the plasma expansion.
Transformable nanoparticles to bypass biological barriers in cancer treatment
Authors: Ramachandran Mythili , Ma Zhao , Lin Kai , De Souza Cristabelle , Li Yuanpei
Published: September 2022

Nanomedicine provides a great strategy for emerging chemotherapeutics that can navigate the many biological barriers preventing effective drug delivery to tumors.
Effect of a layer-by-layer assembled ultra-thin film on the solid electrolyte and Li interface
Authors: Tolganbek Nurbol , Sarsembina Madina , Nurpeissova Arailym , Kanamura Kiyoshi , Bakenov Zhumabay , Mentbayeva Almagul
Published: September 2022

An ultra-thin layer grown by the layer-by-layer technique protects solid electrolyte from reduction by Li metal. Additionally, simultaneous coating on both sides of the pellets allows a significant decline in the interfacial impedance.
Electrode dependence in halide perovskite memories: resistive switching behaviours
Authors: Thien Gregory Soon How , Sarjidan Mohd Arif Mohd , Talik Noor Azrina , Goh Boon Tong , Yap Boon Kar , He Zhicai , Chan Kah-Yoong
Published: September 2022

In halide perovskite resistive switching memories, the top electrode material influences resistive switching features such as bipolar and unipolar switching, multilayer, and write-once-read-many behaviour.
Retraction: Improved H2O2 photogeneration and stability on rational tailored polymeric carbon nitride via enhanced O2 adsorption
Authors: Li Zehao , Chen Tianxiang , Chen Yufei , Chen Xiaoyuan , Li Le , Kuang Siya , Gao Jing , Guo Yuxuan , Lo Tsz Woon Benedict , Du Jimin
Published: September 2022

Retraction of ‘Improved H2O2 photogeneration and stability on rational tailored polymeric carbon nitride via enhanced O2 adsorption’ by Zehao Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 15051–15061, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TA03580D.
Clustering of Disfluencies in Informal Conversations of People With Cluttering
Authors: Pap Johanna
Published: September 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of disfluency clusters in cluttering in conversation depending on the relationship of communication partners.

Method:

Ten-minute speech samples of conversations between people with cluttering (PWC) and people who do not clutter (PWNC) were analyzed for disfluencies. For each sample taken, participants were paired with either friends or unknown partners. PWC were also paired with PWNC and with each other. The influence of the different conversational partners on the type and frequency of disfluency was examined.

Results:

In all conversation samples, PWC exhibited 2.4 times more complex disfluencies than PWNC. In addition, the frequency of complex disfluencies was influenced by the independent variables of PWC/PWNC and relationship of conversational partner. More complex disfluencies were produced by PWC in the conversations with a PWNC friend and with an unknown PWC as compared to conversations with an unknown PWNC and a PWC friend.

Conclusions:

Results confirm clinical observations that cluttering disfluencies may increase with more familiar conversational partners. However, atypical speech may also increase severity of symptoms. Findings also provide objective information about cluttering in relatively naturalistic situations.
Retracted: Research on tridimensional monitoring and defence technology of substation
Authors: Qiu Kaiyi , Liu Xin , Liu Jie , Ma Hongbo , Li Jingya , Zhang Zhengchao , Chen Guangliang , Cai Li
Published: September 2022

Retraction: [Kaiyi Qiu, Xin Liu, Jie Liu, Hongbo Ma, Jingya Li, Zhengchao Zhang, Guangliang Chen, Li Cai, Research on tridimensional monitoring and defence technology of substation, IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1049/cds2.12129)].

The above article from IET Circuits, Devices & Systems, published online on 14 September 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Harry E. Ruda, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
A deep learning and ensemble learning based architecture for metro passenger flow forecast
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhu Changfeng , Jiang Jiahao
Published: September 2022

Accurate short‐term forecast of metro outbound passenger flow is of great significance for real‐time traffic control and guidance. A good forecast method should have high accuracy, timeliness and practicality. Based on deep learning and ensemble learning technology, this study proposes an end‐to‐end forecast hybrid architecture for metro outbound passenger flow that integrates multiple passenger flow features. The architecture innovatively integrates bagging ensemble learning strategy and transfer learning with deep learning, and includes multiple extensible passenger flow feature processing components. In addition, this study presents a new coding method to incorporate the operating characteristics of the metro into the forecasting architecture. Use the automatic fare collection (AFC) data of Chengdu Metro Tianfu Square Station for training and verify the forecast architecture on workdays, weekends and holidays. The results reveal that compared with other widely used passenger flow forecast models, the architecture proposed in this study has achieved the highest forecast accuracy in the above‐mentioned different time types. Furthermore, the fusion of transfer learning improves the accuracy of forecast model while significantly speeding up the convergence of training, increasing its timeliness and practicability.
Purely time-dependent optimal control of quasilinear parabolic PDEs with sparsity enforcing penalization
Authors: Hoppe Fabian , Neitzel Ira
Published: September 2022

We prove first- and second-order optimality conditions for sparse, purely time-dependent optimal control problems governed by a quasilinear parabolic PDE. In particular, we analyze sparsity patterns of the optimal controls induced by different sparsity enforcing functionals in the purely timedependent control case and illustrate them by numerical examples. Our findings are based on results obtained by abstraction of well known techniques from the literature.
Analysis of the orbital stability of periodic pendulum motions of a heavy rigid body with a fixed point under the Goryachev–Chaplygin condition
Authors: Bardin Boris , Maksimov Badma , Zarodov Vladimir
Published: September 2022

In this paper the motion of a rigid body with a fixed point in a uniform gravity field is considered. It is assumed that the main moments of inertia of the body correspond to the case of Goryachev–Chaplygin, i.e., they are in the ratio of 1:1:4. In contrast to the integrable case of Goryachev–Chaplygin, there are no restrictions imposed on the position of the center of mass of the body. The problem of the orbital stability of periodic pendulum motions of a body (oscillations and rotations) is investigated. The equations of perturbed motion were obtained and the problem of orbital stability was reduced to the stability problem of the equilibrium position of a second-order linear system with 2π-periodic coefficients, the right-hand sides of which depend on two parameters. Based on the analysis of the linearized system, it has been established that the rotations are orbitally unstable for all possible values of the parameters. Moreover, a diagram of stability of pendulum oscillations has been constructed, on which the regions of orbital instability (parametric resonance) and regions of orbital stability in the linear approximation are indicated. At small values of oscillations amplitudes, a nonlinear analysis was performed. Based on the analysis of the coefficients of the normalized Hamilton function using theorems of the KAM theory, rigorous conclusions on the orbital stability of pendulum oscillations with small amplitudes were obtained.
Mechanism of the powder material particle in different phase states—solid substrate interaction
Authors: Borisov Sergey , Gloukhovskaya Julia , Dobrovolskiy Sergey , Myakochin Alexander , Podporin Igor
Published: September 2022

The paper discusses impact of solid and molten particles of a powder material in heterogeneous flow acting on solid surface and its effect on characteristics of coating applied by a gas-dynamic (cold spray) method. An equation of energy balance in impact zone of the particle on the substrate is given. Obtained equation accounts the particle size, mass average temperatures in heated portions of the particle and the substrate, before impact temperatures of the particle and the substrate, fraction of the heated mass of the particle and the substrate during impact, specific heat capacities of the particle and the substrate material, the Brinell characteristic, and deformation of a solid particle. Results of the bibliographic study of the molten metal droplet formation, their kicks in the substrate depending on its velocity, substrate temperature and surrounding gas pressure are presented. The differences in the impact mechanism of solid and molten particles on the substrate and their influence on the coating formation and its properties are determined. Recommendations for operating parameters of high-quality coating are given.
Numerical methods in the training of aerospace engineers
Authors: Kuznetsova Elena , Kindinova Victoria , Krinetsky Oleg
Published: September 2022

The paper analyzes the experience of teaching numerical methods in the preparation of engineering students at the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University). The necessity of linking the numerical methods studied in the basic course with the topic of a particular specialty is substantiated. The disadvantages of using Ms Excel spreadsheets in the implementation of numerical methods are explained. The necessity of teaching software implementation of numerical methods on a computer is shown. The new American Strategic Computer Initiative is analyzed, as well as the current state of computing power in Russia. The need for the development and implementation of specialized courses in engineering areas for teaching complex methods of numerical analysis is shown. Such learning is recommended to be carried out within the framework of profile physical tasks. It is proposed to acquaint future engineers with the problem of parallelizing numerical algorithms for solving them on a superecomputer. The essence of the engineering approach to the parallelization of numerical algorithms is presented.
Optimization of the mean-square approximation procedures for iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals of multiplicities 1 to 3 with respect to components of the multi-dimensional Wiener process based on Multiple Fourier–Legendre series
Authors: Kuznetsov Dmitriy , Kuznetsov Mikhail
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to approximation of iterated Ito and Stratonovich stochastic integrals of multiplicities 1 to 3 by the method of multiple Fourier–Legendre series. The mentioned stochastic integrals are part of strong numerical methods with convergence order 1.5 for Ito stochastic differential equations with multidimensional noncommutative noise. These numerical methods are based on the so-called Taylor–Ito and Taylor–Stratonovich expansions. We calculate the exact lengths of sequences of independent standard Gaussian random variables required for the mean-square approximation of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals. Thus, the computational cost for the implementation of numerical methods can be significantly reduced.
Approximate methods of H-infinity control of nonlinear dynamic systems output
Authors: Panteleev Andrei , Yakovleva Aleksandra
Published: September 2022

The problem of findingH∞-regulators in the output control problem is considered. Two approaches for approximate synthesis of the closed loop systems are proposed. The paper considers the problem of finding the H-infinity control of a nonlinear continuous dynamical system output. The system is linear in control and perturbation, with a finite time of the system operation. Methods for finding H-infinity control are used to solve problems of synthesis of controllers, particularly for solving the problem of synthesis of controllers in conditions of incomplete state information. In such problems, it is difficult to find the structure of the regulator and its parameters. SufficientH∞-control conditions are formulated and proved. Two approximate methods for finding the H-infinity controller of closed loop nonlinear continuous systems were proposed. To illustrate the application of the methods, the problem of stabilization of the ZD559-Lynx helicopter, whose flight takes place during the imposed time period of the system operation, was considered.
Simulation of collective self-management by the movement of robotic vehicles using the method of molecular dynamics
Authors: Protasov Vladislav , Potapova Zinaida
Published: September 2022

The paper presents the results of computer modeling of traffic flows in a virtual city. The city has a local road, highway and road junction. The article proposes a system for autonomous driving of robotic vehicles in this virtual city. This system is based on the application of interaction rules taken from molecular dynamics modeling with kinetic energy dissipation. The proposed model uses the concept of a cellular automaton. The tests were carried out using computer simulations. The work has shown the efficiency of the proposed approach. The recommended rules of interaction allow you to organize traffic without traffic jams and without traffic lights in such a virtual city with the maximum possible traffic congestion.
To the dynamic reconstruction of sliding controls
Authors: Subbotina Nina , Krupennikov Evgenii
Published: September 2022

The paper is devoted to the problem of dynamic control reconstruction for controlled deterministic affine systems. The reconstruction has to be carried out in real time using known discrete inaccurate measurements of an observed trajectory of the system. This trajectory is generated by an unknown measurable control with values in a given compact set. A correct formulation of the reconstruction problem for the case of non-convex control restriction set is given. An approach to solving this problem is suggested. This approach is based on auxiliary variational problems with non-classical convex-concave Tikhonov-regularized integral cost. A numerical method for solving dynamic control reconstruction problem is suggested. It reduces the reconstruction problem to solving systems of linear ordinary differential equations. Matching conditions for the approximation parameters (accuracy and step of the known measurements and a Tikhonov regularizing parameter) such that the constructed approximations converge to the solution are obtained. Results of numerical simulation are exposed to illustrate the theory.
Efficient operation of recovery stamp charge cokemaking at JSPL: an experience
Authors: Shisani Vishwesh M. , Sahu Bhavendra Kumar , Tiwari Hari Prakash , Singh Satyanarayan , Mittal Damodar
Published: September 2022

Cokemaking through the stamp charging route was introduced in Jindal Steel & Power Limited in 2017. Over the years, there has been a significant change in operational practices, blend coal cost, coke productivity and coke quality. The first strategy tactic was changing the mindset for operating philosophy to achieve desired productivity and coke quality. At the same time, the second approach and strategy analyzed the deficiencies of the heating regulation system to take the countermeasures to overcome them and operate the plant at optimal specific energy consumption. Thus the energy-efficient operation of the coke oven plant can only help for a reduction in specific heat consumption through optimization of the coke oven heating system without sacrificing the productivity and coke quality. This paper also touches upon the process variability, operational excellence in battery operation, improved conditions of the different types of equipment and machines to facilitate operations through the use of total quality management tools, optimization of coal blends for available coal types to produce superior coke from the same coke oven batteries without sacrificing oven health.
The role of topogram views on dose indices and image quality in thorax and abdomen-pelvis CT scan
Authors: Hadipour D. , Monfared A.S. , Ebrahiminia A. , Gorji K.E. , Ghaemian N. , Niksirat F.
Published: September 2022

This study was designed to investigate the effect of the different topograms (AP and dual AP/Lateral) on patient dose indices and image quality in thorax and abdomen-pelvis CT. Size-specific dose estimation (SSDE), volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol), milliampere seconds (mAs), effective dose, as well as signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) of 60 thorax and 60 abdomen-pelvis CT scans were analyzed. In thorax CT, SSDE, mAs, CTDIvol and effective dose were significantly reduced by using dual topograms (p < 0.05) but not significantly reduced in abdominal-pelvic scans (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between CNR parameter in the two groups for thorax CT (p > 0.05) and SNR parameter in abdomen-pelvic CT (p < 0.05) and all images were diagnostically acceptable. The use of two topograms in thorax CT is an efficient approach to reduce dose indices without decreasing the image quality.
Screening for head and neck tumors in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and vice versa: a nationwide survey among medical specialists
Authors: van Tilburg Laurelle , van den Ban Sophie A. , van de Ven Steffi E.M. , Sewnaik Aniel , Bruno Marco J. , Spaander Manon C.W. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Koch Arjun D.
Published: September 2022

Background and study aims Retrospectively, minimally 5% of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and 11 % with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in Western countries developed a second primary tumor (SPT). SPT screening in ESCC and HNSCC patients is not implemented routinely in daily practice in many Western countries. This study aimed to assess medical specialist knowledge and opinions regarding screening for head and neck SPTs (HNSPTs) in ESCC patients and vice versa in the Netherlands.

Methods A nationwide survey among gastroenterologists and head and neck (HN) surgeons was conducted between December 2020 and March 2021. The survey consisted of 27 questions and focused on knowledge of medical specialists of the prevalence and opinions toward implementing screening for HNSPTs in ESCC patients and vice versa.

Results One hundred twenty-eight gastroenterologists (20.5 %) and 31 HN surgeons (50.0 %) completed the survey. The expected median prevalence of HNSPTs in ESCC was 7.0 % (interquartile range [IQR]: 5.0–15.0) among gastroenterologists and 5.0 % (IQR:3.0–8.0) among HN surgeons. For ESPTs in HNSCC, the expected median prevalence was 9.5 % (IQR: 5.0–12.0) among gastroenterologists and 4.0 % (IQR: 2.0–5.0) among HN surgeons. Screening for HNSPTs and ESPTs was considered promising by 35.2 % and 39.6 %, respectively, which increased to 54.7 % of the specialists after providing incidence data on SPTs. Of the HN surgeons, 41.3 % felt they were as capable as gastroenterologists of performing esophageal screening.

Conclusions This Dutch nationwide survey revealed a lack of knowledge and different perspectives among specialists about screening to detect SPTs in ESCC and HNSCC patients. Adequate education seems essential to increase awareness among specialists and improve SPT detection, independent of the need for implementation of screening for SPTs in ESCC and HNSCC patients.
„Wir hatten den Wunsch, der Profession Intensivpflege ein eigenes Sprachrohr zu geben“
Authors: Ullrich Lothar , Friesacher Heiner
Published: September 2022

Lothar Ullrich und Heiner Friesacher haben vor 30 Jahren die intensiv zusammen mit fünf weiteren Intensivpflegenden und einem Arzt gegründet. Bis heute sind beide als Herausgeber der Zeitschrift aktiv. Im Interview anlässlich des 30-jährigen Jubiläums der intensiv blicken sie gemeinsam auf die Professionalisierung der Intensivpflege in dieser Zeit zurück, sprechen über den Wandel im Selbstverständnis der Berufsgruppe und thematisieren Aufgaben und Herausforderungen, die in den nächsten Jahren auf die Intenvispflegenden zukommen könnten.
The Role of Autologous Fat Grafting in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Saadoun Rakan , Solari Mario G. , Rubin J. Peter
Published: September 2022

Rhinoplasty is one of the most popular aesthetic surgeries worldwide and often includes grafting techniques to achieve optimal results. One of these grafting techniques is autologous fat transfer, which has been used to increase volume, camouflage irregularities, and/or improve the quality of the nasal skin–soft tissue envelope. Moreover, minimally invasive approaches for altering the nasal appearance have recently increased and become known as “liquid” or “nonsurgical rhinoplasty.” These nonsurgical approaches include altering the nasal appearance with filler injection to induce volumetric changes in lieu of extensive surgery. The use of fat grafting as a filler is favorable to achieve well-balanced aesthetic results without compromising the nasal skin–soft tissue envelope. This capability is partly because of the regenerative potential of fat grafts, serving to improve the quality of surrounding soft tissues. In contrast, commercial injectable fillers are inert. This article highlights the role of fat grafting in surgical and nonsurgical rhinoplasty to provide surgeons with an overview of the potential of these vastly abundant, biocompatible, and cost-effective grafts.
Efficacy, Retention Rate, and Influencing Factors of Ketogenic Diet Therapy in Children with Refractory Epilepsy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shen Jue , Jiang Tiejia , Gao Feng , Jiang Kewen
Published: September 2022

Background This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and retention rate of a ketogenic diet (KD) and assess factors that influence the efficacy of KD therapy in children with refractory epilepsy (RE).

Methods We retrospectively studied the efficacy and retention rate of 56 RE children who accepted KD therapy from January 2013 to December 2019. Patients who had a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency were defined as responders. The retention rate was calculated as the proportion of children who continued KD/the total number of children who were followed up at the time of enrollment. We also analyzed the effects of different factors (such as gender, KD initial age, KD duration, the type of epilepsy syndrome, and others) on the efficacy of the KD.

Results (1) The efficacy rates for the KD at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months were 51.8, 53.6, 39.2, and 23.2%, respectively. (2) The retention rates for the KD at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months were 100, 69.6, 41.1, and 23.2%, respectively. (3) There was no correlation between efficacy and gender, epilepsy onset age, the type of epilepsy syndrome, electroencephalogram improvement, or the number of antiseizure medications, while cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities, KD duration, and KD initial age affected its efficacy at 3 months.

Conclusion (1) KD therapy for refractory childhood epilepsy was effective and produced a high retention rate. (2) MRI abnormalities and the initial age and duration of KD influenced its short-term efficacy in RE children.
Evaluating YouTube as a Source of Patient Information for Blefaroplasty
Authors: Savran Fatih , Elibol Emine S.
Published: September 2022

This study aims to evaluate the content and quality of popular videos about blepharoplasty treatment in YouTube. Four keywords “blepharoplasty,” “upper blepharoplasty,” “lower blepharoplasty,” and “blepharoplasty information” were searched in YouTube. After the videos were sorted by the number of views, the last 50 videos were based on general characteristics, primary purpose, information content, relevance, audiovisual quality, as well as viewer interaction index DISCERN score (minimum–maximum: 16–75), Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) score (minimum–maximum: 0–4), and Global Quality score (minimum–maximum: 0–5), and view rate formulas were calculated for each video. A total of the best 49 videos were evaluated in our study. The total number of views of these videos was 10,938,976. The total duration of these videos was 409minutes. The average duration of the videos was 8.35±8.38 (standard deviation [SD]). There was no significant (p>0.05) correlation between the measurement of DISCERN scores of the two observers. A significant (p<0.05) difference was observed between the JAMA score measurements of the two observers. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the GQS score measurements of the two observers. Currently, YouTube is not a viable resource for patients to learn about blepharoplasty. Physicians should be aware of the limitations and provide up-to-date and peer-reviewed content on the web site, and patients should also be warned about obtaining information.
Patient-Reported Outcome Analysis after Resident Performed Upper Blepharoplasty: A Suitable Procedure for Young Surgeons
Authors: Mahrhofer Maximilian , Schwaiger Karl , Weitgasser Laurenz , Schoeller Thomas , Hitzl Wolfgang , Wechselberger Gottfried
Published: September 2022

Upper blepharoplasty is one of the most frequently performed aesthetic surgeries worldwide. While it is considered a low risk procedure, patients have high expectations regarding the outcome of elective surgery of the face and the majority of residents usually have little exposure to cosmetic surgeries in the early years of their training. All eligible patients who had undergone bilateral upper blepharoplasty at the senior author's institution between January 2016 and August 2019 were invited to participate in an online questionnaire. Our study used a 27-item questionnaire to evaluate postoperative patient satisfaction and compared the patient reported outcome between operations conducted by surgeons with more than 3 years of experience and less than 3 years. In total, 102 patients returned the completed questionnaire and were included in our study after further screening. There was no significant difference in patient reported satisfaction concerning the aesthetic outcome (8.75 vs. 8.29, p=0.49), and complications (6.2 vs. 18.6%, p=0.63), related to the experience of the surgeons. Overall patient satisfaction was very high, while the rate of complications was low. Patient reported aesthetic outcomes after blepharoplasty demonstrated no significant difference comparing the experience of the surgeons.
Assessment of Dentofacial Characteristics and Pharyngeal Airway in Children with Class II Malocclusion and Mouth Breathing
Authors: Shetty Swathi , Shetty Vabitha , Bhandary Meghna
Published: September 2022

Background In growing patients with skeletal discrepancies, early diagnosis, evidence-based explanation of etiology, and assessment of functional factors can be vital for the restoration of normal craniofacial growth and the stability of treatment needs.

Aims The aim of the study was to assess dentofacial characteristics as well as upper and lower pharyngeal airway in children with skeletal class II malocclusion with mouth breathing, and to investigate possible significant relationships and correlations among the studied cephalometric variables and the airway morphology in these children.

Materials and Methods Sixty untreated children, aged 9 to 13 years, were divided into three groups according to clinical findings and cephalometric analysis of dentofacial characteristics as well as the presence of mouth breathing habit: Group I (20 children with normal jaw relation/class I), Group II (20 children with skeletal class II), and Group III (20 children with skeletal class II with confirmed mouth breathing habit). Cephalometric variables and upper/lower airway widths were recorded. Intergroup comparison of all measurements was performed by post hoc Tukey test, and Pearson's correlation was used to determine the correlation among the variables.

Results Significant changes existed in more than half of the dentofacial measurements among the three groups. Significantly greater skeletal anteroposterior jaw discrepancy and mandibular retrognathism were found in both groups II and III as determined by specific anteroposterior determinants. Children in group III showed significantly increased angle between Sella-Nasion and mandibular plane (SN-MP) angle, y-axis, and a vertical growth pattern. Significant increases in dental measurements, namely upper incisor to Nasion- point A (NA), lower incisor to Nasion - point B (NB), and overjet, were found in group II and group III, while overbite showed a significant decrease. Upper pharyngeal airway width was found to be significantly decreased in group III followed by a smaller though significant decrease in group II. No significant differences were found in lower pharyngeal airway width between the groups. There were statistically significant dentofacial characteristics that showed fair to good correlation with the upper airway width.

Conclusion Children with skeletal class II malocclusion with and without mouth breathing showed significant differences in dentofacial measurements and a significantly narrower upper pharyngeal airway as compared with children with normal jaw/class I relation.
Viscoelastic Testing in the Clinical Management of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Hvas Christine Lodberg , Hvas Anne-Mette
Published: September 2022

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are both debilitating and life-threatening incidents calling for immediate action and treatment. This review focuses on the applicability of viscoelastic testing (rotational thromboelastometry or thromboelastography [TEG]) in the management of SAH and ICH. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE. Studies including patients with SAH or ICH, in which viscoelastic testing was performed, were identified. In total, 24 studies were included for analysis, and further subdivided into studies on SAH patients investigated prior to stenting or coiling (n = 12), ICH patients (n = 8) and studies testing patients undergoing stenting or coiling, or ischemic stroke patients undergoing thrombolysis or thrombectomy and developing ICH as a complication (n = 5). SAH patients had increased clot firmness, and this was associated with a higher degree of early brain injury and higher Hunt-Hess score. SAH patients with delayed cerebral ischemia had higher clot firmness than patients not developing delayed cerebral ischemia. ICH patients showed accelerated clot formation and increased clot firmness in comparison to healthy controls. Patients with hematoma expansion had longer clot initiation and lower platelet aggregation than patients with no hematoma expansion. During stent procedures for SAH, adjustment of antiplatelet therapy according to TEG platelet mapping did not change prevalence of major bleeding, thromboembolic events, or functional outcome. Viscoelastic testing prior to thrombolysis showed conflicting results in predicting ICH as complication. In conclusion, viscoelastic testing suggests hypercoagulation following SAH and ICH. Further investigation of the predictive value of increased clot firmness in SAH seems relevant. In ICH, the prediction of hematoma expansion and ICH as a complication to thrombolysis might be clinically relevant.
Generating droplets of different sizes with a single nozzle
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: September 2022

High-speed solenoid valve, opened with a short pulse voltage, ejects trace amounts of liquid to controllably create droplets.
A snowman-like seismic metamaterial
Authors: Su Yu-Chi , Wu Chun-Kai
Published: September 2022

A snowman-like seismic metamaterial is proposed in this study. The proposed model gives a lower and wider complete bandgap compared with the seismic metamaterials of the same volume in previous research. The vibration modes are investigated to clarify the mechanism of bandgap formation. Past studies used large amounts of steel to attenuate waves at low frequencies. On the contrary, to reduce the cost, this work only uses concrete. In addition, a set of geometric parameters is suggested through parametric studies. The shielding performance of the proposed seismic metamaterials against surface waves is also demonstrated using time domain finite element simulations. The results from the transient analysis are in good agreement with the dispersion curves, validating the accuracy of the numerical simulations.
Event-based imaging of levitated microparticles
Authors: Ren Yugang , Benedetto Enrique , Borrill Harry , Savchuk Yelizaveta , Message Molly , O'Flynn Katie , Rashid Muddassar , Millen James
Published: September 2022

Event-based imaging is a neuromorphic detection technique whereby an array of pixels detects a positive or negative change in light intensity at each pixel and is, hence, particularly well suited to detect motion. Compared to standard camera technology, an event-based camera reduces redundancy by not detecting regions of the image where there is no motion, allowing increased frame-rates without compromising on field-of-view. Here, we apply event-based imaging to detect the motion of a microparticle levitated under vacuum conditions, which greatly facilitates the study of nanothermodynamics and enables the independent detection and control of arrays of many particles.
An efficient explicit jump high-order compact immersed interface approach for transient incompressible viscous flows
Authors: Singhal Raghav , Kalita Jiten C.
Published: September 2022

In the present work, we propose a novel hybrid explicit jump immersed interface approach in conjunction with a higher-order compact scheme for simulating transient complex flows governed by the streamfunction-vorticity (ψ-ζ) formulation of the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations for incompressible viscous flows. A new strategy has been adopted for the jump conditions at the irregular points across the interface using Lagrangian interpolation on a Cartesian grid. This approach, which starts with the discretization of parabolic equations with discontinuities in the solutions, source terms, and the coefficients across the interface, can easily be accommodated into simulating flow past bluff bodies immersed in the flow. The superiority of the approach is reflected by the reduced magnitude and faster decay of the errors in comparison to other existing methods. It is seen to handle several fluid flow problems having practical implications in the real world very efficiently, including flows involving multiple and moving bodies. This includes the flow past a stationary circular and a twenty-four edge cactus cylinder, flows past two tandem cylinders, where in one situation both are fixed and in another, one of them is oscillating transversely with variable amplitude in time. To the best of our knowledge, the last two examples have been tackled for the first time by such an approach employing the ψ-ζ formulation in finite difference set-up. The extreme closeness of our computed solutions with the existing numerical and experimental results exemplifies the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed approach.
Effects of the structured lips on spray characteristics in prefilming airblast atomization
Authors: Guan Linan , Qin Yan , Dong Bo , Chen Cong , Li Weizhong
Published: September 2022

Nowadays, prefilming atomizers have been widely applied in aero-engine, industrial fields, and agricultural irrigation. In this study, atomization characteristics of the prefilming atomizers with structured lips have been investigated. The influence of eight structured lips on the spray breakup process has been measured using high-speed planner laser introduced fluorescence and particle/droplet image analysis in the planner prefilming air-blast atomizer. Synchronously, multi-directional visualization was used to measure hydrodynamic behavior. Rec-3 with a depth of 1 mm, a width of 1 mm, and a pitch of 0.5 mm has the smallest droplet size although it has medium breakup length and ligament velocity. For all studied structured prefilmers, rectangle and triangle structured lips performed good atomization effect than no structured lips except tri-1.
Strong-field molecular ionization beyond the single active electron approximation
Authors: Vigneau J.-N. , Nguyen-Dang T.-T. , Charron E. , Atabek O.
Published: September 2022

This work explores quantitative limits to the single-active electron approximation, often used to deal with strong-field ionization and subsequent attosecond dynamics. Using a time-dependent, multiconfiguration approach, specifically the time-dependent configuration interaction method, we solve the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the two-electron dihydrogen molecule with the possibility of tuning at will the electron–electron interaction by an adiabatic switch-on/switch-off function. We focus on signals of the single ionization of H2 under a strong near-infrared, four-cycle, linearly polarized laser pulse of varying intensity and within a vibrationally frozen molecular model. The observables we address are post-pulse total ionization probability profiles as a function of the laser peak intensity. Three values of the internuclear distance R taken as a parameter are considered, R = Req = 1.4 a.u. for the equilibrium geometry of the molecule, R = 5.0 a.u. for an elongated molecule, and R = 10.2 a.u. for a dissociating molecule. The most striking observation is the non-monotonous behavior of the ionization probability profiles at intermediate elongation distances with an instance of enhanced ionization and one of partial ionization quenching. We give an interpretation of this in terms of a resonance-enhanced-multiphoton ionization mechanism with interfering overlapping resonances resulting from excited electronic states.
Broken-symmetry self-consistent GW approach: Degree of spin contamination and evaluation of effective exchange couplings in solid antiferromagnets
Authors: Pokhilko Pavel , Zgid Dominika
Published: September 2022

We adopt a broken-symmetry strategy for evaluating effective magnetic constants J within the fully self-consistent GW method. To understand the degree of spin contamination present in broken-symmetry periodic solutions, we propose several extensive quantities demonstrating that the unrestricted self-consistent GW preserves the broken-symmetry character of the unrestricted Hartree–Fock solutions. The extracted J are close to the ones obtained from multireference wave-function calculations. In this paper, we establish a robust computational procedure for finding magnetic coupling constants from self-consistent GW calculations and apply it to solid antiferromagnetic nickel and manganese oxides.
Flame–turbulence interactions during flame acceleration using solid and fluid obstacles
Authors: Zhao Wandong , Liang Jianhan , Deiterding Ralf , Cai Xiaodong , Wang Xinxin
Published: September 2022

A combination of solid and transverse jet obstacles is proposed to trigger flame acceleration and deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT). A numerical study of this approach is performed by solving the reactive Navier–Stokes equations deploying an adaptive mesh refinement technique. A detailed hydrogen–air reaction mechanism with 12 species and 42 steps is employed. The efficiency and mechanisms of the combined obstacles on the flame acceleration are investigated comprehensively. The effects of multiple jets, jet start time, and jet stagnation pressure on the DDT process are studied. Results show that there is a 22.26% improvement in the DDT run-up time and a 33.36% reduction in the DDT run-up distance for the combined obstacles compared to that having only solid obstacles. The jet acts as an obstruction by producing a suitable blockage ratio and introducing an intense turbulent region due to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. This leads to dramatic flame–turbulence interactions, increasing the flame surface area dramatically. The dual jet produces mushroom-like vortices, leading to a significantly stretched flame front and intensive Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, and therefore, these features produce a high flame acceleration. As the jet operation time decreases, the jet obstacle almost changes its role from both physical blockage ratio and turbulence and vorticity generator to a physical blockage ratio. There is a moderate jet stagnation pressure that reduces the run-up time to detonation and run-up distance to detonation in the obstacle-laden chamber. While further increasing the jet stagnation pressure, it does not have a positive effect on shortening the detonation transition.
Effect of the variable physical properties on sub- and supercritical CO2 flowing over a stationary spherical particle
Authors: Jiang Kun , Zhang Bowei , Wang Weizuo , Jin Hui
Published: September 2022

In industrial applications, the phenomenon of sub- and supercritical fluid flowing over particles is highly common. Like other fluids, when the operating temperature and pressure of CO2 are near the critical point, the thermal conductivity, density, viscosity, and specific heat capacity, which affect the flow and heat transfer of the fluid, vary drastically. To study these phenomena, we use particle-resolved direct numerical simulation without considering the role of gravity and buoyancy to study the drag and heat transfer of subcritical CO2 flowing over a heated spherical particle as well as supercritical CO2 flowing over a cooled spherical particle in the process of crossing critical temperature. We compare the results with those of a fluid with constant physical properties. The study considers Reynolds numbers from 10 to 200. By analyzing the thickness of the velocity boundary layer and temperature boundary layer near the particle surface under different operating conditions and considering the variations in the fluid physical properties, we elucidate how the drag and heat transfer depends on the operating conditions. The results show that increasing the particle-surface temperature increases the drag coefficient under all operating conditions, although the effect on heat transfer differs. In addition, the effect of pressure on drag and heat transfer also depends on the operating conditions. For a given range of operating pressure and temperature, we propose correlations between the drag coefficient and the Nusselt number that are based on well-established correlations and applicable to the processes involving trans-critical temperature dynamics.
Corrigendum to: Continuing the discussion about ecological futures for the lower Murray River (Australia) in the Anthropocene
Authors: Finlayson C. Max , Gell Peter A. , Conallin John
Published: September 2022

The lower Murray River (Australia) has been subject to considerable change from human activities, including the conversion of a variable flow system to one with regulated water levels and the conversion of the estuary to a freshwater system. These conditions will face further pressures owing to reduced flows and higher sea levels associated with climate change. Policy decisions to retain present target conditions could be reconsidered to improve habitat conditions for wetlands, native fish and waterbirds. Contrary to many views, this would be permissible under the Ramsar Convention and, by increasing the diversity of conditions, may assist managers to retain functional systems. This paper encourages a new conversation across the broader community to develop pathways to prepare for emerging pressures on the riverine ecosystems, and move into anthropogenic futures for the Lower Murray.
Training Tomorrow’s Aquatic Leaders: a Collaborative Model in the Regional District of Nanaimo on Vancouver Island
Authors: Porteous Anne M.
Published: September 2022

The recruitment, training and retention of Lifeguard/Swimming Instructors is essential for the provision of safe and high-quality aquatic programs. For years, recruitment, training and retention has become increasingly challenging. The issue was identified in Ontario, Canada, in 2005, and over the past ten years the issue has continued right across the country. The author, who works as an Aquatic Recreation Programmer for the Regional District of Nanaimo (RDN) on Vancouver Island, BC, has recently been dealing with this mounting problem.

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© A.M. Porteous, 2015
Mitochondrial dysfunction triggers actin polymerization necessary for rapid glycolytic activation
Authors: Chakrabarti Rajarshi , Fung Tak Shun , Kang Taewook , Elonkirjo Pieti W. , Suomalainen Anu , Usherwood Edward J. , Higgs Henry N.
Published: September 2022

Mitochondrial damage represents a dramatic change in cellular homeostasis. One rapid response is perimitochondrial actin polymerization, termed acute damage-induced actin (ADA). The consequences of ADA are not understood. In this study, we show evidence suggesting that ADA is linked to rapid glycolytic activation upon mitochondrial damage in multiple cells, including mouse embryonic fibroblasts and effector CD8+ T lymphocytes. ADA-inducing treatments include CCCP, antimycin, rotenone, oligomycin, and hypoxia. The Arp2/3 complex inhibitor CK666 or the mitochondrial sodium–calcium exchanger (NCLX) inhibitor CGP37157 inhibits both ADA and the glycolytic increase within 5 min, supporting ADA’s role in glycolytic stimulation. Two situations causing chronic reductions in mitochondrial ATP production, mitochondrial DNA depletion and mutation to the NDUFS4 subunit of complex 1 of the electron transport chain, cause persistent perimitochondrial actin filaments similar to ADA. CK666 treatment causes rapid mitochondrial actin loss and a drop in ATP in NDUFS4 knock-out cells. We propose that ADA is necessary for rapid glycolytic activation upon mitochondrial impairment, to re-establish ATP production.
Forecasting stock options prices via the solution of an ill-posed problem for the Black–Scholes equation
Authors: Klibanov Michael V , Shananin Aleksander A , Golubnichiy Kirill V , Kravchenko Sergey M
Published: September 2022

In the previous paper (2016 Inverse Problems
32 015010), a new heuristic mathematical model was proposed for accurate forecasting of prices of stock options for 1–2 trading days ahead of the present one. This new technique uses the Black–Scholes equation supplied by new intervals for the underlying stock and new initial and boundary conditions for option prices. The Black–Scholes equation was solved in the positive direction of the time variable, this ill-posed initial boundary value problem was solved by the so-called quasi-reversibility method (QRM). This approach with an added trading strategy was tested on the market data for 368 stock options and good forecasting results were demonstrated. In the current paper, we use the geometric Brownian motion to provide an explanation of that effectivity using computationally simulated data for European call options. We also provide a convergence analysis for QRM. The key tool of that analysis is a Carleman estimate.