ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF Buchholzia coriacea ETHANOL LEAF-EXTRACT AND FRACTIONS ON FREUND’S ADJUVANT-INDUCED ARTHRITIS IN ALBINO RATS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Alum Esther Ugo 
Published: July 2022

Abstract: Several studies have implicated reactive oxygen species in perpetuation of inflammation and subsequent destruction of joints in patients with arthritis. Antioxidant effects of Buchholzia coriacea ethanol leaf-extract, aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions on oxidative stress indices in rheumatoid arthritic female wistar albino rats were examined. 180 rats were randomly divided into 12 groups. Fifteen rats were placed in each group. Rats without arthritis were placed in Group 1. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced in groups 2 to 12 by intradermal injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund’s adjuvant into the left hind paws of rats. Group 2 (arthritic rats) did not receive any treatment but rather were given normal saline while group 3 (arthritic rats) received 5 mg/kg indomethacinTM (a standard drug). Rats in Groups 4 to 12 were administered the samples at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight. Freund’s adjuvant administration led to inflammation and oxidative stress which were marked by significant (P<0.05) increase in paw sizes, oxidative stress markers and reduced body weight of the rats. Arthritic rats were treated with standard drug and samples (at varied doses) and this resulted to reversal of the trend of those parameters in a time and dose-dependent manner. Rats that received 800 mg/kg of the aqueous fraction displayed the best desirable result which was similar to the effect of indomethacin. Thus, Buchholzia coriacea ethanol extract and fractions may be useful in the management of oxidative stress which is very common among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.Key words: rheumatoid arthritis; Buchholzia coriacea; free radicals; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen speciesANTIOKSIDATIVNI UČINEK ETANOLNEGA IZVLEČKA IN FRAKCIJ LISTOV Buchholzia coriacea NA FREUNDOV ADJUVANTNI ARTRITIS PRI ALBINO PODGANAH: PRIMERJALNA ŠTUDIJAIzvleček: V več študijah je bil nakazan pomen reaktivnih kisikovih zvrsti pri ohranjanju vnetja in poznejšem uničenju sklepov pri pacientih z osteoartritisom. Proučevali smo antioksidantivne učinke etanolovega izvlečka ter vodnih in etil acetatnih frakcij listov Buchholzia coriacea na kazalce oksidativnega stresa pri samicah albino podgan Wistar z revmatoidnih artritisom. 180 podgan smo naključno porazdelili v 12 skupin. V vsaki skupini je bilo 15 podgan. Podgane brez artritisa so bile uvrščene v skupino 1. V skupinah 2  do 12 so bile podgane z revmatoidnim artritisom, povzročenim z  intradermalno injekcijo 0,1 ml Freundovega kompletnega adjuvansa v zadnjo levo taco podgan. Skupina 2 (podgane z artritisom) ni bila zdravljena, prejela je fiziološko raztopino, skupina 3 (podgane z artritisom) pa je prejela 5 mg/kg indometacinaTM (standardno zdravilo). Podgane v skupinah 4 do 12 so prejele vzorce adjuvansa v odmerkih 200, 400 in 800 mg/kg telesne mase. Aplikacija Freundovega adjuvansa je povzročila vnetje in oksidativni stres, kar se je kazalo v značilnem (p<0.05) povišanju velikosti tac in kazalcev oksidativnega stresa ter zmanjšanju telesne teže podgan. Podgane z artritisom so bile zdravljene s standardnim zdravilom in vzorci adjuvansa (v različnih odmerkih), kar je vodilo v obrat trenda teh parametrov v odvisnosti od časa in odmerka. Najboljši rezultat, podoben učinku indometacina, je bil pri podganah, ki so prejele 800 mg/kg vodne frakcije adjuvansa. Etanolni izvleček in frakcije listov Buchholzia coriacea bi zato lahko bili uporabni pri obvladovanju oksidativnega stresa, ki se zelo pogosto pojavlja pri posameznikih z revmatoidnim artritisom.Ključne besede: revmatoidni artritis; Buchholzia coriacea,; prosti radikali; oksidativni stres; reaktivne kisikove zvrsti