bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic knowledge influences visual working memory in adults and children
Authors: Starr Ariel , Srinivasan Mahesh , Bunge Silvia A.
Published: November 2020

We can retain only a portion of the visual information that we encounter within our visual working memory. Which factors influence how much information we can remember? Recent studies have demonstrated that the capacity of visual working memory is influenced by the type of information to be remembered and is greater for real-world objects than for abstract stimuli. One explanation for this effect is that the semantic knowledge associated with real-world objects makes them easier to maintain in working memory. Previous studies have indirectly tested this proposal and led to inconsistent conclusions. Here, we directly tested whether semantic knowledge confers a benefit for visual working memory by using familiar and unfamiliar real-world objects. We found a mnemonic benefit for familiar objects in adults and children between the ages of 4 and 9 years. Control conditions ruled out alternative explanations, namely the possibility that the familiar objects could be more easily labeled or that there were differences in low-level visual features between the two types of objects. Together, these findings demonstrate that semantic knowledge influences visual working memory, which suggests that the capacity of visual working memory is not fixed but instead fluctuates depending on what has to be remembered.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced innate immune responses are exacerbated by Prohibitin 1 deficiency and mitigated by S-adenosylmethionine in murine macrophages
Authors: Jung Soohan , Park Jaehee , Ko Kwang Suk
Published: November 2020

Prohibitin 1 (Phb1) is a pleiotropic protein with multiple functions in mammalian cells including cell cycle regulation and mitochondrial protein stabilization. It has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for a variety of diseases including inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential immune-modulatory functions of Phb1 and anti-inflammatory properties of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) using macrophages, which play a major role in the innate immune system. The results showed that expressions of Phb1 mRNA and protein were reduced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells (p<0.05). Phb1 knockdown further ameliorated the mRNA expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL10 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. SAMe significantly attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responses such as IL-1β, IL-10, Nos2, and NO production in the presence ofsiPhb1. Luciferase reporter assay was conducted to determine the mechanisms underlying the effects of Phb1 and SAMe on the immune system. The luciferase activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) was significantly increased in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the luciferase reporter assay showed increased NF-κB activation in Phb1 knockdown RAW 264.7 cells (p<0.1) and SAMe treatment attenuated the NF-κB luciferase activity in Phb1 knockdown RAW 264.7 cells. Based on the results, we concluded that Phb1 possibly modulates the inflammatory response whereas SAMe has an anti-inflammatory effect on Phb1 knockdown macrophage cells. Furthermore, Phb1 expression level has potential properties of affecting on innate immune system by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
The cost of cancer – A comparative analysis of the direct medical costs of cancer and other major chronic diseases in Europe
Authors: Schlueter Max , Chan Katie , Lasry Romain , Price Martin
Published: November 2020

Background

Cancer poses a significant mortality, morbidity, economic and humanistic burden to patients and health systems. This study aims to better understand healthcare expenditure on cancer relative to other major chronic diseases across France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom, whilst also considering the burden of illness posed by these conditions.

Methods

A targeted literature review was performed to identify and extract relevant demographic, epidemiological and economic data. A health care payer perspective was adopted for the analysis, with a focus on direct healthcare costs.

Results

Between 2006–2015, the cancer-related disability-adjusted life year (DALY) disease burden decreased by 9.3% despite a 6.5% increase in prevalence. Whilst the per patient drug costs increased by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.1%, the overall per patient cancer costs decreased over the 10-year study period (CAGR of -1.4%). Compared to cardiovascular disease, neurological/mental disorders and diabetes, cancer was associated with the highest disease burden (20.8% of DALYs across all diseases) but the second-lowest healthcare expenditure levels (4.8% of total healthcare expenditure) among the studied major chronic diseases.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that the costs associated with treating cancer account for a low proportion of total healthcare expenditure relative to the burden of the disease and compared to other major chronic diseases across the countries included in the analysis.
Frequency distribution of journalistic attention for scientific studies and scientific sources: An input–output analysis
Authors: Lehmkuhl Markus , Promies Nikolai
Published: November 2020

Based on the decision-theoretical conditions underlying the selection of events for news coverage in science journalism, this article uses a novel input-output analysis to investigate which of the more than eight million scientific study results published between August 2014 and July 2018 have been selected by global journalism to a relevant degree. We are interested in two different structures in the media coverage of scientific results. Firstly, the structure of sources that journalists use, i.e. scientific journals, and secondly, the congruence of the journalistic selection of single results. Previous research suggests that the selection of sources and results follows a certain heavy-tailed distribution, a power law. Mathematically, this distribution can be described with a function of the form C*x-α. We argue that the exponent of such power law distributions can potentially be an indicator to describe selectivity in journalism on a high aggregation level. In our input-output analysis, we look for such patterns in the coverage of all scientific results published in the database Scopus over four years. To get an estimate of the coverage of these results, we use data from the altmetrics provider Altmetric, more precisely their Mainstream-Media-Score (MSM-Score). Based on exploratory analyses, we define papers with a score of 50 or above as Social Impact Papers (SIPs). Over our study period, we identified 5,833 SIPs published in 1,236 journals. For both the distribution of the source selection and the distribution of the selection of single results, an exponentially truncated power law is a better fit than the power law, mostly because we find a steeper decline in the tail of the distributions.
Novel measurement tool and model for aberrant urinary stream in 3D printed urethras derived from human tissue
Authors: Cohen Andrew J. , Patino German , Mirramezani Mehran , Srirangapatanam Sudarshan , Tresh Anas , Cheema Bhagat , Tai Jenny , Romero Dylan , Enriquez Anthony , Baskin Laurence S. , Shadden Shawn C. , Breyer Benjamin N.
Published: November 2020

Background

An estimated 10% of male adults have split or dribbled stream leading to poor hygiene, embarrassment, and inconvenience. There is no current metric that measures male stream deviation.

Objective

To develop a novel method to measure spray in normal and abnormal anatomical conformations.

Design, setting, and participants

We developed a novel platform to reliably describe spray. We used cadaveric tissues and 3D Printed models to study the impact of meatal shape on the urinary stream. Cadaveric penile tissue and 3D printed models were affixed to a fluid pump and used to simulate micturition. Dye captured on fabric allowed for spray detection.

Outcome measurements and statistical analysis

Spray pattern area, deviation from normal location, and flowrates were recorded. Computational fluid dynamic models were created to study fluid vorticity.

Results and limitations

Obstructions at the penile tip worsened spray dynamics and reduced flow. Ventral meatotomy improved flowrate (p<0.05) and reduced spray (p<0.05) compared to tips obstructed ventrally, dorsally or in the fossa navicularis. 3D models do not fully reproduce parameters of their parent cadaver material. The average flowrate from 3D model was 10ml/sec less than that of the penis from which it was derived (p = 0.03). Nonetheless, as in cadavers, increasing obstruction in 3D models leads to the same pattern of reduced flowrate and worse spray. Dynamic modeling revealed increasing distal obstruction was correlated to higher relative vorticity observed at the urethral tip.

Conclusions

We developed a robust method to measure urine spray in a research setting. Dynamic 3D printed models hold promise as a methodology to study common pathologies in the urethra and corrective surgeries on the urine stream that would not be feasible in patients. These novel methods require further validation, but offer promise as a research and clinical tool.
The association of Medicaid expansion and racial/ethnic inequities in access, treatment, and outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Valdovinos Erica M. , Niedzwiecki Matthew J. , Guo Joanna , Hsia Renee Y.
Published: November 2020

Introduction

After having an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), racial and ethnic minorities have less access to care, decreased rates of invasive treatments such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and worse outcomes compared with white patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether the Affordable Care Act’s expansion of Medicaid eligibility was associated with changes in racial disparities in access, treatments, and outcomes after AMI.

Methods

Quasi-experimental, difference-in-differences-in-differences analysis of non-Hispanic white and minority patients with acute myocardial infarction in California and Florida from 2010–2015, using linear regression models to estimate the difference-in-differences. This population-based sample included all Medicaid and uninsured patients ages 18–64 hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction in California, which expanded Medicaid through the Affordable Care Act beginning as early as July 2011 in certain counties, and Florida, which did not expand Medicaid. The main outcomes included rates of admission to hospitals capable of performing PCI, rates of transfer for patients who first presented to hospitals that did not perform PCI, rates of PCI during hospitalization and rates of early (within 48 hours of admission) PCI, rates of readmission to the hospital within 30 days, and rates of in-hospital mortality.

Results

A total of 55,991 hospital admissions met inclusion criteria, 32,540 of which were in California and 23,451 were in Florida. Among patients with AMI who initially presented to a non-PCI hospital, the likelihood of being transferred increased by 12 percentage points (95% CI 2 to 21) for minority patients relative to white patients after the Medicaid expansion. The likelihood of undergoing PCI increased by 3 percentage points (95% CI 0 to 5) for minority patients relative to white patients after the Medicaid expansion. We did not find an association between the Medicaid expansion and racial disparities in overall likelihood of admission to a PCI hospital, hospital readmissions, or in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions

The Medicaid expansion was associated with a decrease in racial disparities in transfers and rates of PCI after AMI. We did not find an association between the Medicaid expansion and admission to a PCI hospital, readmissions, and in-hospital mortality. Additional factors outside of insurance coverage likely continue to contribute to disparities in outcomes after AMI. These findings are crucial for policy makers seeking to reduce racial disparities in access, treatment and outcomes in AMI.
Predictors of mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic in the US: Role of economic concerns, health worries and social distancing
Authors: Kämpfen Fabrice , Kohler Iliana V. , Ciancio Alberto , Bruine de Bruin Wändi , Maurer Jürgen , Kohler Hans-Peter
Published: November 2020

Despite the profound health and economic implications of Covid-19, there is only limited knowledge to date about the role of economic concerns, health worries and social distancing for mental health outcomes during the pandemic. We analyze online survey data from the nationally representative “Understanding America Study” (UAS) covering the period of March 10-31st 2020 (sample size: 6,585). Mental health is assessed by the validated PHQ-4 instrument for measuring symptoms of depression and anxiety. About 29% (CI:27.4-.30.4%) of the US adult population reported some depression/anxiety symptoms over the study period, with symptoms deteriorating over the month of March. Worsening mental health was most strongly associated with concerns about the economic consequences of the pandemic, while concerns about the potential implications of the virus for respondents’ own health and social distancing also predicted increases in symptoms of depression and anxiety during the early stages of the pandemic in the US, albeit less strongly. Our findings point towards the possibility of a major mental health crisis unfolding simultaneously with the pandemic, with economic concerns being a key driving force of this crisis. These results highlight the likely importance of economic countermeasures and social policy for mitigating the impact of Covid-19 on adult mental health in the US over and above an effective public health response.
P.F508del editing in cells from cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Smirnikhina Svetlana A. , Kondrateva Ekaterina V. , Adilgereeva Elmira P. , Anuchina Arina A. , Zaynitdinova Milyausha I. , Slesarenko Yana S. , Ershova Angelina S. , Ustinov Kirill D. , Yasinovsky Matvei I. , Amelina Elena L. , Voronina Ekaterina S. , Yakushina Valentina D. , Tabakov Vyacheslav Yu. , Lavrov Alexander V.
Published: November 2020

Development of genome editing methods created new opportunities for the development of etiology-based therapies of hereditary diseases. Here, we demonstrate that CRISPR/Cas9 can correct p.F508del mutation in theCFTRgene in the CFTE29o- cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). We used several combinations of Cas9, sgRNA and ssODN and measured editing efficiency in the endogenousCFTRgene and in the co-transfected plasmid containing theCFTRlocus with the p.F508del mutation. The non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) frequency in theCFTRgene in the CFTE29o- cells varied from 1.25% to 2.54% of alleles. The best homology-directed repair (HDR) frequency in the endogenousCFTRlocus was 1.42% of alleles. In iPSCs, the NHEJ frequency in theCFTRgene varied from 5.5% to 12.13% of alleles. The best HDR efficacy was 2.38% of alleles. Our results show that p.F508del mutation editing using CRISPR/Cas9 in CF patient-derived iPSCs is a relatively rare event and subsequent cell selection and cultivation should be carried out.
Effect of leaf type on browse selection by free-ranging goats in a southern African savanna
Authors: Nyamukanza Casper C. , Sebata Allan
Published: November 2020

Broad- and fine-leaved woody species respond to seasonal changes from wet to dry season differently. For example, broad-leaved species shed their leaves earlier, while fine-leaved species, especially acacias retain green foliage well into the dry season. These differences are expected to result in variation in selection of broad- and fine-leaved woody species as browse by free-ranging goats. We tested the hypothesis that free-ranging goats select broad-leaved woody species more than fine-leaved species during wet (growth) season and fine-leaved woody species more than broad-leaved species during dry season. In addition, we tested if broad- and fine-leaved woody species had different foliar dry matter digestibility and chemical composition (crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, total phenolics and condensed tannins concentration). Free-ranging goats were observed foraging on broad- and fine-leaved woody species over a two-year period (2014 and 2015) during three seasons: early wet (October/November), late wet (February/March) and dry (May/June). Ivlev’s selectivity or Jacob’s index (Ei) was calculated for five woody species (two broad-leaved and three fine-leaved) browsed by goats during wet and dry season. Jacob’s selectivity index was higher for broad–leaved (Ziziphus mucronata and Searsia (Rhus) tenuinervis) than fine-leaved woody species (Acacia nilotica, Acacia karroo and Dichrostachys cinerea) during wet season. However, the trend was reversed during dry season with fine-leaved species having higher Jacob’s selectivity index than broad-leaved species. Leaf dry matter digestibility and chemical composition was similar between broad- and fine-leaved woody species throughout the year. We conclude that goats selected broad-leaved woody species during wet season when browse was plentiful and then switched to fine-leaved species which retained leaves during dry season.
PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT AKAN PENTINGNYA SOCIAL DISTANCING DALAM PENANGANAN WABAH COVID-19 DI INDONESIA
Authors: Novira Nina , Iskandar Rudi , Bahraen Raehanul
Published: November 2020

COVID-19 has spread worldwide including Indonesia. The government responds by appealing to the public toimplement social distancing (sd) to contained the spread of the virus. However, without threats Concrete penalties andthe absence of strict safeguards make the application of SD dependent on perception and compliance community only. Seeing the fact that some people continue their activities outside the home, various assumptions developing in thecommunity. By using Google Form Â®, this study aims to analyze perceptions the public on the importance ofimplementing SD as an effort to deal with Covid-19, confirmed the general assumptions that develops in thecommunity, and traces the causes of the ineffectiveness of elementary school application. Research result shows thatmost of the community believes that adoption of SD is very important. However, that perception not always directlyproportional to the appropriate behavior. The general perception is that those who stay out of the house are in thecontext of work and earning a living is not proven. Compared to attending invitations and stays organizing events thathave been planned since before the plague, still worship in more houses of worship many cause people to leave thehouse
INISIATIF MASYARAKAT INDONESIA DI MASA AWAL PANDEMI COVID-19: SEBUAH UPAYA PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN
Authors: Sitohang Marya Yenita , Rahadian Angga Sisca , Prasetyoputra Puguh
Published: November 2020

The impact of the pandemic has influenced every aspect of peopleâ€™s life. One of the positive impacts of the pandemic in Indonesia is the existence of the community initiative to prevent the COVID-19 spreading. This article aims to explore several initiatives coming from the society in relation to COVID-19 and the lesson learned for the society to have preparedness in facing health disasters. The data come from the 39 online news on the internet, the data was then analysed using a content analysis method. The authors found that Indonesian community initiative can be distinguished by two purposes i.e. to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 and to help the vulnerability group cope with the economic impact of COVID-19. Furthermore, mostly the initiative originally came from society without the intervention of the government. It is important to note that the collaboration between the government, both the centre and local, and the society should be strengthened.
PENGGUNAAN ALAT KB PADA WANITA KAWIN DI PERDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN (Studi Hasil SDKI 2017 Provinsi Gorontalo)
Authors: Syamsul Syamsul , Bakri Bala , Limonu Hizry Stevany
Published: November 2020

The Indonesia and Demographic Health Survey (IDHS) in 2017 reported a gap between urban and rural contraceptive use in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. This urban-rural inequality calls for an exploration of its drivers. Hence, this study aims at reviewing the literature to analyze the level of use of contraception for married women in rural and urban areas by examining several factors, such as education, knowledge, age, occupation, information provision, and source of service. The main data source used for this study is 2017 IDHS Report, Gorontalo Province section. The results shows that despite a higher knowledge of contraception in urban married women than their rural counterpart, modern contraceptive use is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Moreover, provision of information plays a larger role in contraceptive use compared to other aspects. Furthermore, the low contraceptive use among urban women is due to the limited services, where there is a mismatch between the needs and the availability of contraception.
INDEKS KOMPOSIT PEKERJAAN TIDAK LAYAK (IPTL) DI INDONESIA
Authors: Santoso Katamso Noto , Usman Hardius
Published: November 2020

The open unemployment rate in Indonesia was 5.50 in August 2017. This figure was the lowest level in comparison to rates in previous years. The declining rate of unemployment over the past decade was in line with the increasing trend of risky work. This situation may indicate recent job opportunities are likely to be risky or categorized as non-decent works. To understand the conditions of non-decent work in Indonesia, a composite index measurement, which is currently not available, is needed. Thus, this study aims to develop such a composite index called Non-Decent Work Index (NDWI) to fill this gap. The method applied for the composite index formation is factor analysis. The findings indicate three factors of NDWI. It is also found that NDWI has a significant relationship with human development index and labor productivity. Therefore, Indonesia government needs to address the problem of inadequate employment conditions in this country. It is because decent work is the central aspect of efforts to reduce poverty
Location but Not Severity of Endoscopic Lesions Influences Endoscopic Remission Rates in Crohn's Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of TAILORIX
Authors: Rivière Pauline , D'Haens Geert , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Baert Filip , Lambrecht Guy , Pariente Benjamin , Bossuyt Peter , Buisson Anthony , Oldenburg Bas , Vermeire Séverine , Laharie David
Published: November 2020

INTRODUCTION:

The impact of severity and location of Crohn's disease (CD) endoscopic ulcers on endoscopic remission in patients treated with antitumor necrosis factor is poorly known. We aimed to describe the endoscopic evolution of CD lesions in a prospective cohort of patients treated with infliximab (IFX) in combo therapy.

METHODS:

We conducted a post hoc analysis of the TAILORIX randomized controlled trial, which studied biologic-naïve patients with active CD and endoscopic ulcers receiving IFX combo therapy. Ileocolonoscopies were performed at week 0, 12, and 54. Endoscopic healing was defined as the absence of ulcers and complete endoscopic remission as CD Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) <3. Ileocolonic segments were scored separately for remission by blinded readers.

RESULTS:

A total of 122 (median disease duration: 7 months) patients were included, corresponding with 379 diseased segments. The median (IQR) CDEIS scores at week 0, 12, and 54 were 9.9 (6.1–14.4), 2.4 (0.2–4.6), and 0.2 (0.0–3.7), respectively. At weeks 12 and 54, the rates of endoscopic healing and complete endoscopic remission were 41% and 61% and 61% and 73%, respectively. Median CDEIS scores were similar among patients with deep ulcers at baseline and those with only superficial ulcers at week 12 and 54. Segmental remission rates were lower both at week 12 and 54 in the ileum compared with colonic segments (P < 0.01 all comparisons) and in the rectum (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03).

DISCUSSION:

In biologic-naive patients with CD treated with IFX combo therapy, the severity of endoscopic lesions at the baseline did not influence healing rates. Endoscopic remission occurs less frequently in the ileum compared with the colon.
Ni de aquí ni de alla: A Mythohistoriography of Growing Up In-Between
Authors: López Andrés C.
Published: November 2020

Using Aurora Levins Morales’ concept of “medicinal histories,” and Audre Lorde’s “biomythography,” this mythohistoriography weaves together multiple histories of the Guatemalan Civil War, Indigenous stories of resistance in Guatemala, queer and trans presences and erasures, the author’s family stories during this time, and the author’s upbringing as this armed conflict was supposedly ending. Through a Two-Spirit critique this layering project calls for different types of historicizing practices and methodologies for queer and trans studies to focus on in order to do responsible decolonial work. Ultimately, this project is part of a healing praxis meant to deal with generational traumas forged through forcefully forgotten and erased historias and memories of queer and trans Indigenous Guatemalans.
Perverse Politics, Postsocialist Radicality: Queer Marxism in China
Authors: Tian Ian Liujia
Published: November 2020

This article offers a queer postsocialist lens to theoretical contestations around neoliberalism, socialist legacies, capitalist reform, and the Chinese state. I foreground a queer Marxist position by situating Chinese capitalist developmentalism in global racial capitalism. I examine a recent GLBTQ hiring event in Shanghai alongside publications and personal involvement with the socialist organization “Queer Workers.” Based on this analysis, I contend that, rather than taking the Chinese state’s leftist legacies for granted, queer Marxism should be read as critical Marxism in the global postsocialist present. In the Marxist perspective, the sexual politics of queer liberation is inherently anti-statist and anti-capitalist. Further, queer Marxism in China, while remaining tied to postsocialism and the afterlife of the Cold War, should be situated within the broader struggle against racial capitalism. Groups like Queer Workers should be taken seriously as they are actively making space for historically and geographically grounded postsocialist radicality on their own terms.
APPLICATION OF GREEN RETROFIT TECHNOLOGY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Weerasinghe Achini , Ramachandra Thanuja , Rotimi James Olabode Bamidele
Published: November 2020

Green retrofitting is a valuable approach for upgrading existing buildings towards sustainable performances. However, the lack of knowledge about the true cost effects and potential savings of green retrofits distracts building proprietors from paying those retrofits. Therefore, the current study reviewed fourteen studies available in the extant literature and identified twenty-eight different green retrofits incorporated into various buildings with their cost effects and saving potentials through a subsequent desktop study. The results indicated that the majority of green retrofits offer savings related to energy consumption, CO2 emissions, cooling load, and operating costs. Moreover, energy-saving lighting modifications are widely done in most buildings, while solar collectors, photovoltaics, and low-emission double glazing are used less often due to the long payback period and increased cost of implementation. Alternatively, the use of retrofits with lower costs and high savings, like BMS, lighting controllers, and boiler efficiency improvements, offsets the above setbacks. Furthermore, the highlighted retrofits include green roofing, bicycle parks, CO2 sensors, and air tightening retrofits, which also save energy. Rainwater harvesting absorbs carbon dioxide and runoff water, where implementing subsystem-level water meters, appliances with low flow rates, and greywater recycling save and recycle the portable water. Accordingly, the study promotes the effective implementation of green retrofits in future buildings.
Gjellestad: a newly discovered ‘central place’ in south-east Norway
Authors: Gustavsen Lars , Gjesvold Per Erik , Gundersen Sigrid Mannsåker , Hinterleitner Alois , Nau Erich , Paasche Knut
Published: November 2020

The Late Nordic Iron Age (AD 550–1050) was characterised by significant change in political, military, judicial and religious structures across Scandinavia, most clearly manifested in the appearance of high-status ‘central places’ in the landscape. Recent ground-penetrating radar surveys at Gjellestad in Norway have revealed a site comprising several large burial mounds—one of which contains a ship burial—in addition to a possible cult house and a feasting hall. This combination of features suggests that Gjellestad was part of a hitherto unknown central place on the eastern shores of the Oslofjord. If correct, the authors’ interpretations demonstrate that the layouts of these sites were formulaic, and that central places may be more common than previously thought.
De miradas y heridas. Hacia la definición de unos modelos de estilización en el cine español de la posguerra (1939-1950)
Authors: Castro de Paz José Luis
Published: November 2020

Tras años de investigación sobre el cine español de la posguerra, este trabajo plantea por vez primera la articulación teórica e historiográfica de cuatro Modelos de estilización para el periodo 1939-1950 (sainetesco-costumbrista; obsesivo-delirante; paródico-reflexivo y formalista-pictórico), resultado de los diversos y estéticamente fructíferos cruces entre las normas narrativas y visuales ya internacionalizadas a través de Hollywood y las populares tradiciones culturales españolas (teatrales, literarias, pictóricas, musicales) que constituían –transformadas ya al contacto con el nuevo medio– el más fértil material nutriente de nuestro cine desde el periodo silente, pero bajo la presión ahora de un contexto histórico y político especialmente sombrío y complejo. Dichos Modelos no son sino armas metodológicas que intentan dar orden discursivo a lo que en los filmes aparece casi siempre mezclado, y contribuir al más profundo conocimiento de un cinema herido, a la vez humorístico y desolado, costumbrista y melancólico, reflexivo y espectral.
Alessandro Galilei e le fonti classiche dell’architettura in Inghilterra.
Authors: Giusto Rosa Maria
Published: November 2020

L’articolo intende tracciare un quadro della partecipazione italiana al dibattito sull’architettura del primo Settecento europeo a partire dal diretto coinvolgimento di personalità emergenti del panorama architettonico italiano nel processo di divulgazione delle fonti e dei Trattati di architettura in Gran Bretagna e dalla documentazione relativa alla attività del fiorentino Alessandro Galilei autore di un Trattato di architettura civile redatto in lingua italiana e in lingua inglese. La redazione di traduzioni in lingua inglese delle fonti classiche dell’architettura italiana curate da taluni ‘impenditori’ illuminati del sapere scientifico oltre la Manica all’alba di un fenomeno importante come il Neopalladianesimo inglese è la premessa indispensabile al radicamento e alla diffusione, anche a scopo di studio, della grammatica architettonica classica e alla pratica frequente del Grand Tour.
Transformaciones de Santa Susana y la Alameda en Santiago de Compostela: Ciudad y Patrimonio
Authors: Bravo Pintos Minia
Published: November 2020

El siguiente artículo trata sobre las transformaciones del monte de Santa Susana en Santiago de Compostela desde un punto de vista patrimonial, donde se fusionan contribuciones de distintos campos, ya que el “patrimonio” es el compendio de valores, aportaciones y conocimiento sobre el tema. En Santa Susana no sólo se encuentran un conjunto de edificaciones de gran valor histórico-artístico, sino que la importancia del lugar también reside en el espacio como fuente histórica. Santa Susana es un emplazamiento cuya historia está unida a la de la ciudad pero que corre de manera paralela a ella, ya que no ha seguido las pautas de la “ciudad urbana”, preservando en su interior unos valores naturales, espaciales y patrimoniales únicos en su entorno.
En el germen del liberalismo español: la filosofía neoestoica en Los Desastres de la Guerra de
Authors: López Vázquez José Manuel B.
Published: November 2020

El mismo neoestoicismo que a principios del siglo XVII sirvió ?como dice Domínguez Manzano? para “la construcción de un sistema moral autónomo, justificable por sí mismo e independiente de imposiciones doctrinarias externas, pero que no dejase de ser compatible con los principales dogmas del cristianismo”, volvió a ser útil a Goya como propuesta filosófica personal y colectiva, cuando nuevamente Europa y, particularmente España, ardía nuevamente en guerra. Era entonces el momento de afirmar una vez más el derecho natural, el individualismo y la razón, ?elementos consustanciales a la condición humana?, frente a la ignorante barbarie o los dogmas absolutistas imperantes. Al proponer esta solución estoica, Goya no está volviendo anacrónicamente a una moral del pasado, sino a una que tenía plena actualidad y que se convertirá en una fuente esencial para el desarrollo de la ideología liberal, que adquirirá su apogeo, a partir de las fatales consecuencias de las guerras napoleónicas. En el artículo se analizan desde la estampa 26 No se puede mirar hasta la 39 Grande Hazaña con muertos.
Auguste Rodin, el carácter específico de su proceso configurativo
Authors: Núñez Rodríguez Manuel
Published: November 2020

En este estudio se trata de analizar los diferentes factores que influyeron en la obra de Rodin, así como sus principales innovaciones como escultor, tanto en el tratamiento de las obras como en los diferentes factores que predominaron en el artista francés, con el que creó una obra rica en matices plásticos e innovadora en el mundo de finales del siglo XIX.
Nacionalismo y otredad. Las personificaciones de Castilla y Galicia en Cataluña (1880-1936)
Authors: Reyero Carlos
Published: November 2020

Este artículo muestra como las personificaciones alegóricas de Castilla y Galicia fueron utilizadas para impulsar visualmente el nacionalismo catalán. Por lo tanto, se convirtieron en instrumento de una estrategia donde la imagen tuvo un gran impacto para fijar identidades y para intervenir en procesos políticos. La cultura del ‘doble patriotismo’ había promovido y alentado una equiparación entre lo catalán y lo castellano. Pero enseguida se interpretó la oposición de Castilla a este modelo: la castellanización de España desencadenó una reacción satírica contra aquella dueña. La implicación de las mujeres refleja visiones conflictivas entre Castilla y Cataluña. Galicia emerge como una muchacha joven, a la que Cataluña guía y asesora en el camino de la autonomía y el autogobierno. En realidad, sirve para ilustrar nuevas formas de relación.
Egyes, antioxidáns mellékhatású „vérnyomás”gyógyszerek hatása magas vérnyomásban szenvedő és egészséges személyek vérsejtjeinek fagocitakemilumineszcenciájára in vitro
Authors: Sipka Sándor , Nagy Andrea , Szentmiklósi József , Kemény Ágnes , Kovács Judit
Published: November 2020

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Az atorvasztatin (koleszterincsökkentő), nifedipin
(Ca2+-antagonista), kaptopril (angiotenzinkonvertáz-gátló)
vegyületek a magas vérnyomás komplex kezelésének „alap”gyógyszerei. Mindhárom
antioxidáns is. Célkitűzés: A tanulmány célja annak
megválaszolása volt, hogy e molekulák gátolhatják-e a vérsejtek
fagocitaműködését. Betegek és módszer: Magas vérnyomásos
betegek: 15 fő, 39–80 éves, nő: 6, férfi: 9. Egészséges kontroll: 7 fő, 30–75
éves, nő: 3, férfi: 4. A vizsgálat a téli hónapokban zajlott. A zimozán-
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) részecskék fagocitózisa során
képződő kemilumineszcencia mérése perifériás vérben a gyógyszerek jelenlétében
történt luminométerrel. A gátlást a stimulációs index értékének csökkenésével
jellemeztük. Eredmények: Mindhárom vegyület gátolta a
kemilumineszcenciát (oxigénszabadgyök-képzést) a 65 év feletti, magas
vérnyomásos betegek többségében: 11/13 főnél. Főleg magasabb életkorban és
cukorbetegségben, de más társbetegségekben nőtt a gátlás.
Következtetés: Az idős, magas vérnyomásos betegek fokozott
orvosi figyelmet igényelnek a téli időszakokban, mivel antioxidáns hatással is
rendelkező „alap”gyógyszereiknek, egyéntől függően, lehetnek gátló hatásaik a
fagociták mikrobaölő, oxigénszabadgyök-termelő képességére. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(45): 1908–1913.

Summary. Introduction: Atorvastatin (cholesterol synthesis blocker),
nifedipine (Ca2+ antagonist), captopril (angiotensin-convertase
inhibitor) are basic drugs in the therapy of hypertension. They are also
antioxidants. Objective: To investigate whether these molecules
can inhibit the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood cells. Patients
and method: Hypertension group: 15 patients with ages between 39–80
years (6 women and 9 men). Healthy control group: 7 individuals with ages
between 30–75 years (3 women and 4 men). The study was carried out in
wintertime. The measurement of phagocytic activity was carried out by
luminometry in peripheral blood samples. Chemiluminescence intensities were
determined by the engulfment of zymosan (Saccharomyces
cerevisiae) particles in the presence of drugs. The inhibitory
effects were characterized by the decreased values of the stimulation index.
Results: All three substances decreased the
chemiluminescence (reactive oxygen species production) in the majority of
samples from hypertensive patients over 65 years: in 11 of 13 patients. Stronger
inhibition was detected in older, diabetic patients with other co-morbidities,
too. Conclusion: Older patients with hypertension require a
special attention in wintertime. Antihypertensive drugs with antioxidant
capabilities may have individually different inhibitory effects on the
production of reactive oxygen species by phagocytes, which decreases their
antimicrobial potency. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(45): 1908–1913.
Advokasi Kebijakan dalam Kerjasama Smart City Bandung dan Seoul lewat Kemitraan Sister City tahun 2016-2019
Authors: Septiarika Risya
Published: November 2020

Liberalisme menyambut baik cara yang paling memungkinkan bagi aktor non-negara (pemerintah nasional) untuk terlibat dalam urusan luar negeri. Duchacek dan Soldatos menekankan tesis ini dalam artikelnya masing-masing tentang peran kuat negara federal yang terlibat dalam urusan luar negeri. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari implementasi kerjasama smart city melalui kemitraan sister city antara kota Bandung - Seoul dimana Pemerintah Kota Bandung dipandang sebagai aktor daerah yang memiliki peluang untuk melaksanakan praktek paradiplomasi sebagai salah satu bentuk kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan politik luar negeri. Fokus penelitian pada advokasi kebijakan selama kerjasama tahun 2016-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka untuk memperoleh semua data sekunder yang terdiri dari berita, laporan, dokumen penting lainnya yang diolah secara kualitatif untuk menghasilkan penjelasan penjelasan. Penelitian ini sampai pada kesimpulan realisasi paradiplomasi selama kerjasama dan kolaborasi kebijakan antara dua kota membantu mewujudkan pemerintahan yang efisien dan inovatif (Smart City). Kerja sama Smart City diwujudkan dalam kemitraan Sister City dalam membangun Smart LBEG: Smart Living, Smart Branding, Smart Environment dan Smart Government.
Archaeoastronomy within Astronomy at UK Universities
Authors: Brown Daniel
Published: November 2020

Archaeoastronomy within Astronomy at UK Universities
John M. Saul, What the Stork Brought: African Click-Speakers and the Spread of Humanity’s Oldest Beliefs
Authors: Suskin Rod
Published: November 2020

John M. Saul, What the Stork Brought: African Click-Speakers and the Spread of Humanity’s Oldest BeliefsNaivasha (Kenya): Old Africa Books, 2019. Paperback, 109 pp. ISBN: 9789966757524. £11.99.
Histological Evaluation of Extended Criteria Donors: Donor’s Kidney Biopsy and Graft Outcome after 5 Years of Transplantation
Authors: Carta Paolo , Bartaletti Emma , Ghiandai Giulia , Caroti Leonardo , Larti Aida , Di Maria Lorenzo , Cirami Lino
Published: November 2020

Pre-transplant kidney biopsy is routinely used to decide whether kidneys from marginal donors should be transplanted as single or double trans-plantation. This is a 5-year extension of the follow-up of a previous study. In that study, graft outcomes were compared retrospectively between a group of 44 recipients of a single kidney graft from an extended criteria donor and a Karpinski histological score of 3 or less, and another group of 56 recipients of a single transplant with a Karpinski histological score of 4 or 5. After 5 years of transplantation, there was no difference between the two groups in terms of recipient’s serum creatinine levels (1.8 ± 0.5 vs 1.9 ± 0.6 mg/dL, P = 0.5), creatinine clearance (53 ± 23 vs 49 ± 27.0 mL/min, P = 0.6), or the rates of graft loss (41% vs 49%,P = 0.5). Therefore, the choice between single and double transplant should not be made only on the basis of histological score but should be done together with the evaluation of donor’s clinical parameters, especially the renal function.
Socio-economic factors in the spread of SARS-COV-2 across Russian regions
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Sinitsyn Evgeny V. , Tolmachev Alexander V. ,   Ural Federal University,   Datatel-Ural, Ltd., Ovchinnikov Alexander S. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: November 2020

Relevance. The worldwide spread of a new infection SARS-CoV-2 makes relevant the analysis of the socio-economic factors that make modern civilization vulnerable to previously unknown diseases. In this regard, the development of mathematical models describing the spread of pandemics like COVID-19 and the identification of socio-economic factors affecting the epidemiological situation in regions is an important research task. Research objective. This study seeks to develop a mathematical model describing the spread of COVID-19, thus enabling the analysis of the main characteristics of the spread of the disease and assessment of the impact of various socio-economic factors. Data and methods. The study relies on the official statistical data on the pandemic presented on coronavirus sites in Russia and other countries, Yandex DataLens dataset service, as well as data from the Federal State Statistics Service. The data were analyzed by using a correlation analysis of COVID-19 incidence parameters and socio-economic characteristics of regions; multivariate regression – to determine the parameters of the probabilistic mathematical model of the spread of the pandemic proposed by the authors; clustering – to group the regions with similar incidence characteristics and exclude the regions with abnormal parameters from the analysis. Results. A mathematical model of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is proposed. The parameters of this model are determined on the basis of official statistics on morbidity, in particular the frequency (probability) of infections, the reliability of the disease detection, the probability density of the disease duration, and its average value. Based on the specificity of COVID-19, Russia regions are clustered according to disease-related characteristics. For clusters that include regions with typical disease-related characteristics, a correlation analysis of the relationship between the number of cases and the rate of infection ( with the socio-economic characteristics of the region is carried out. The most significant factors associated with the parameters of the pandemic are identified. Conclusions. The proposed mathematical model of the pandemic and the established correlations between the parameters of the epidemiological situation and the socio-economic characteristics of the regions can be used to make informed decisions regarding the key risk factors and their impact on the course of the pandemic.
The analysis of COVID-19 impact on the internet and telecommunications service sector through modelling the dependence of shares of Russian companies on the American stock market
Authors:   Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Urazbaeva Alina , Voytenkov Valentin ,   Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, Groznykh Rogneda ,   Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University
Published: November 2020

Relevance. The coronavirus pandemic has both negative and less obvious positive effects on the world economy. In order to better understand these processes, it is necessary to examine the sectors that have shown growth against the general decline in production. Such sectors include the Internet and telecommunication services. Research objective. The purpose of this study is to model the impact of the pandemic and foreign companies on the value of shares of Russian tech companies. Data and methods. The study involves daily share price data of such American corporations as Google, PayPal, Netflix, Adobe, and the Russian company Yandex. Moreover, we used the dummy variable Covid-19. The econometric analysis was conducted by using vector autoregression (VAR). The direction of cause-and-effect relationships was investigated with the help of the Granger test, and the effect of single shocks, through impulse response functions (IRF). Results. A stable VAR model was built. The IRF graphs were used to describe the impact of the pandemic and the value of US. companies on Russian companies. Conclusions. The study shows that the 2020 pandemic has proven to be a positive shock for companies in the ICT sector, contributing to increased demand for their services and market capitalization. The pandemic has affected both Russian and foreign companies. The study has also found the influence of the American stock market on share prices in Russia. Russian companies reacted to changes in the American stock market with a lag of up to 10 days.
Consequences of the pandemic and new development opportunities for Polish cities in the (post-)COVID-19 era
Authors:   University of Gdansk, Szmytkowska Magdalena
Published: November 2020

Relevance. The coronavirus pandemic has become the most unexpected global phenomenon in 2020, with a number of equally unexpected consequences. The explosive spread of Covid-19 is mostly perceived the negative light, especially in the context of the threat it posed to the health and lives of millions of people. However, it has been noticed that as a result of the pandemic and lockdown, some negative socio-economic processes have been slowed down. Thus, some of the consequences of the pandemic and lockdown can be perceived as new development opportunities. Research objective. This article aims to describe the new phenomena and processes caused by the pandemic in Polish cities which may have a positive impact on urban development. We also intend to indicate potential directions and development opportunities in cities as a result of the pandemic experience. Data and methods. Methodologically, the work combines two main research methods. First, we analysed the research literature and materials of selected Polish and foreign media dealing with the pandemic and its impact on cities, especially in the spatial and social dimensions. Then we considered the available quantitative data describing the current epidemiological situation in Polish regions. Results and conclusions. Research on the development of Covid-19 in Polish cities is difficult because the official data published daily are aggregated only on the regional level. We have found the following consequences of the pandemic that can be considered as positive: relief from overtourism and speculation on the housing rental market, revival of urban nature, revival of the importance of local and regional identity and goods and resurgence of human solidarity and support for entrepreneurs. The development potential of cities in the post-Covid-19 era should be considered in the context of the following dilemmas and concepts: densification vs. disaggregation, concept of a 15-minute city, city as a system and the need for a participatory urban policy.