bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
«Archives Georges Lemaître» en mode 2.0
Authors: Fillieux Véronique , Derauw Caroline , François Aurore , Picron Delphine
Published: February 2023

Les « Archives Georges Lemaître » constituent une des premières réalisations du portail UCLArchives élaboré et mis en place afin de faire connaître et de valoriser, auprès des chercheurs et du grand public, certains fonds patrimoniaux des archives de l’UCLouvain. Cette plate-forme permet en effet de consulter en mode 2.0 certains documents du Fonds Lemaître, mais aussi de découvrir le scientifique au moyen de ressources documentaires organisées en expositions virtuelles. Après une brève présentation de Georges Lemaître et de ses archives, c’est le projet même du portail, de sa conception à sa réalisation, qui est exposé avec une mise en évidence de quelques pièces d’archives révélatrices tant de la richesse des fonds conservés que de la structure interne du site et de ses potentialités.

* * *

The “Georges Lemaître Archives” is one of the early achievements of the UCLArchives portal, which was developed and set up in order to publicise and promote, to both researchers and the general public, certain heritage collections of the UCLouvain archives. This platform allows one not only to consult, in version 2.0, certain documents of the Lemaître Collection, but also to discover the scientist through various resource materials laid out in the form of virtual exhibitions. After a brief presentation of Georges Lemaître and his archives, it is the very portal project itself that is exhibited, from its design to its completion, highlighting various archive materials which display both the richness of the preserved collection, as well as the internal structure of the site and its potential.
Définir le vivant et modéliser sa singularité
Authors: Modera Astrid
Published: February 2023

Analyse critique de :

Lechermeier (Gilbert), Le vivant : la singularité et l’universel / préface de Michel Morange ; postface de Thomas Heams. – Paris : Éditions Matériologiques, 2019. – 370 p. – (Collection sciences & philosophie). – 1 vol. broché de 16,5 × 24 cm. – 26,00 €. – isbn 978-2-37361-204-2.
Compte rendu de Johann I Bernoulli & Nicolaus II Bernoulli : «Die Werke von Johann I und Nicolaus II Bernoulli. – Band 2 : Mathematik II»
Authors: Iommi Amunátegui Godofredo
Published: February 2023

Bernoulli (Johann I) – Bernoulli (Nicolaus II), Die Werke von Johann I und Nicolaus II Bernoulli. – Band 2 : Mathematik II / bearbeitet und kommentiert von Enrico Giusti und Clara Silvia Roero ; editiert von Patricia Radelet-de Grave. – Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland ; Basel : Birkhäuser, 2019. – 573 p. – 1 vol. relié de 19,5 × 26,5 cm. – 218.68 €. – isbn 978-3-7643-8527-9.
Compte rendu de Jean-Philippe Uzan & Bénédicte Leclercq : «L’importance des constantes : de la mesure au cosmos»
Authors: Verdet Cyril
Published: February 2023

Uzan (Jean-Philippe) - Leclercq (Bénédicte), L’importance des constantes : de la mesure au cosmos. – 2e édition. – Malakoff : Dunod, 2020. – 256 p. – 1 vol. broché de 14 × 21,5 cm. – 19,90 €. – isbn 978-2-10-079559-8.
Compte rendu de Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent & Richard-Emmanuel Eastes (sous la direction de) : «Philosophie de la chimie»
Authors: Fauque Danielle
Published: February 2023

Philosophie de la chimie / sous la direction de Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent et Richard-Emmanuel Eastes. – Louvain-la-Neuve : De Boeck supérieur, 2020. – x, 372 p. – (Philosophie des sciences). – 1 vol. broché de 17 × 24 cm. – 39,00 €. – isbn 978-2-8073-0566-3.
Compte rendu de Jean Leclercq & Thierry Scaillet (éditeurs) : «Lire Jean Ladrière : une introduction à son œuvre»
Authors: Euvé François
Published: February 2023

Lire Jean Ladrière : une introduction à son œuvre / édité par Jean Leclercq et Thierry Scaillet. – [Louvain-la-Neuve] : Presses universitaires de Louvain, 2019. – 376 p. – (Empreintes philosophiques, 20). – 1 vol. broché de 16 × 24 cm. – 31,00 €. – isbn 978-2-87558-884-5.
Compte rendu de Elaine Howard Ecklund & al. : «Secularity and Science : what Scientists around the World Really Think about Religion»
Authors: Maldamé Jean-Michel
Published: February 2023

Ecklund (Elaine Howard) - Johnson (David R.) - Vaidyanathan (Brandon) - Matthews (Kirstin R. W.) - Lewis (Steven W.) - Thomson (Robert A.) - Di (Di), Secularity and Science : what Scientists around the World Really Think about Religion. – New York : Oxford University Press, 2019. – 344 p. – 1 vol. broché de 16,5 × 24,5 cm. – $ 29,95. – isbn 978-0-19-092675-5.
Compte rendu de Jean Jouzel : «Climats passés, climats futurs»
Authors: Crucifix Michel
Published: February 2023

Jouzel (Jean), Climats passés, climats futurs. – Paris : CNRS éditions ; Paris : De vive Voix, 2019. – 64 p. – (Les grandes voix de la recherche). – 1 vol. broché de 12 × 18 cm. – 8,00 €. – isbn 978-2-271-12537-8.
1937
Authors: Dubois Eve-Aline
Published: February 2023

En 1937, Dirac propose son hypothèse des grands nombres. À partir de l’étude qu’il fait des constantes de la physique, il bâtit un modèle cosmologique en suivant une approche déductive. Ce faisant, il rejoint une tendance initiée par Eddington et suivie par d’autres. Cette nouvelle méthode interpelle Dingle, qui prend position en faveur de l’induction, en opposition à la déduction. Suite à diverses publications, un débat cosmologique et épistémologique prend place dans les pages de la revue Nature. Le présent article propose une revue commentée de cette année particulière, via l’analyse chronologique de diverses contributions. On découvre alors les balbutiements cosmologiques de l’hypothèse des grands nombres, mais on met aussi en lumière l’importante controverse épistémologique qui s’en suivit.

* * *

Dirac put forward his Large Numbers hypothesis (LNh) in 1937. Based on his study of physical constants, he built a cosmological model by following a deductive approach. In adhering to this method, he thus joined a trend that had been set in motion by Eddington. This new method countered that of Dingle, who had opted in favour of the opposing camp, namely induction. Numerous publications on this subject sparked a cosmological and epistemological debate within the journal Nature. By analysing various contributions in chronological order, the present article offers a commentary on this noteworthy year. The hesitant cosmological beginnings of the LNh are thereby brought to light, as is the major epistemological controversy that ensued.
À propos du lien entre la théorie quantique et les probabilités
Authors: Marchildon Louis
Published: February 2023

La théorie des probabilités et la théorie quantique, l’une mathématique et l’autre physique, s’apparentent dans la mesure où chacune admet plusieurs interprétations fort différentes. Certains ont proposé que les problèmes conceptuels de la théorie quantique puissent être, sinon résolus, du moins atténués par une interprétation adéquate des probabilités. Nous montrerons plutôt, à travers un survol historique et analytique des probabilités et de la théorie quantique, que si certaines interprétations de l’une et de l’autre s’agencent particulièrement bien, aucune ne s’impose de façon unique.

* * *

The theory of probability and the quantum theory, the one mathematical and the other physical, are related in that each admits a number of very different interpretations. It has been proposed that the conceptual problems of the quantum theory could be, if not resolved, at least mitigated by a proper interpretation of probabilities. We rather show, through a historical and analytical overview of probabilities and quantum theory, that if some interpretations of the one and the other go along particularly well, none follows in a unique way.
Compte rendu de Jean-Marie Nicolle : «Le laboratoire mathématique de Nicolas de Cues»
Authors: Iommi Amunátegui Godofredo
Published: February 2023

Nicolle (Jean-Marie), Le laboratoire mathématique de Nicolas de Cues. – Paris : Éditions Beauchesne, 2020. – 226 p. – (Le grenier à sel). – 1 vol. broché de 13,5 × 21,5 cm. – 19,00 €. – isbn 978-2-7010-2274-1.
Compte rendu de Marcel Otte : «Sommes-nous si différents des hommes préhistoriques ? Pour une nouvelle alliance avec la nature»
Authors: D’Udekem-Gevers Marie
Published: February 2023

Otte (Marcel), Sommes-nous si différents des hommes préhistoriques ? Pour une nouvelle alliance avec la nature. – Paris : Éditions Odile Jacob, 2020. – 242 p. – 1 vol. électronique. – 24,90 €. – isbn 978-2-7381-5188-9.
L’empreinte de Kepler en astronomie contemporaine
Authors: Roy Jean-René
Published: February 2023

Le 27 décembre 2021 marque le 450e anniversaire de la naissance de Johannes Kepler (1571-1630). Si Nicolas Copernic et Galileo Galilei sont le plus souvent présentés comme les phares de la révolution astronomique, Kepler est malheureusement parfois perçu comme un acteur secondaire dont le rôle et le travail auraient seulement servi de fondement à Isaac Newton (1643-1727) dans l’élaboration de sa théorie de la gravitation universelle. Newton a été l’héritier génial de Kepler en intégrant magistralement et naturellement la nouvelle mécanique céleste de ce dernier dans sa théorie de la gravitation. Considérant où Kepler se situe historiquement, il mérite d’être élevé au panthéon des géants qui ont transformé notre vision de l’univers et établi les fondements de la science contemporaine. Après un bref rappel de son œuvre, je montre que la pensée et la méthode de Kepler persistent profitablement dans l’astronomie d’aujourd’hui.

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The 27th of December 2021 marks the 450th anniversary of the birth of Johannes Kepler (1571-1630). While Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei are most often portrayed as beacons of the astronomical revolution, Kepler is sadly sometimes perceived as having played a minor role, his work having merely served to lay the groundwork for Isaac Newton’s (1643-1727) theory of universal gravitation. Newton was indeed a brilliant beneficiary of Kepler’s work, masterfully and naturally integrating the latter’s new celestial mechanics into his theory of gravitation. Considering the prominent place that Kepler occupies in history, one could argue that he deserves to be elevated to a position of utmost importance in the Astronomical Hall of Fame in terms of his contributions towards transforming our view of the universe and laying the foundations for contemporary science. Following a brief review of his work, I endeavour to demonstrate how Kepler’s thinking and methodology still exert a strong influence on contemporary astronomy.
«L’origine chrétienne de la science moderne»
Authors: Stoffel Jean-François
Published: February 2023

Récemment savamment rééditée, la contribution qu’Alexandre Kojève offrit à Alexandre Koyré pour son septantième anniversaire s’attache à soutenir, de manière « beaucoup moins canularesque qu’elle ne paraît l’être à première vue », une affirmation que les « procédures historiennes » ne permettraient pas d’énoncer : si les Grecs n’ont pas développé la physique mathématique alors que les savants du XVIe siècle, au premier rang desquels Nicolas Copernic, ont réussi à la faire émerger, c’est parce que les premiers étaient païens alors que les seconds étaient spécifiquement chrétiens ! Seuls ces derniers, grâce au dogme de l’Incarnation, ont en effet été aptes à réussir l’universalisation de l’approche mathématique du monde. N’hésitant pas à lire cette contribution tel qu’il s’avère qu’elle a été lue, c’est-à-dire indépendamment de l’œuvre kojévienne et de sa mise en œuvre d’une « histoire raisonnée », cet article analyse les deux principales sources d’inspiration de ladite thèse, à savoir Pierre Duhem et Alexandre Koyré ; retrace la réception historique de cette contribution ; relève toutes les objections qui, à cette occasion, lui furent adressées ; et, finalement, formule quelques objections supplémentaires. Les lecteurs qui souhaiteront bénéficier de la réédition de ce texte kojévien pour le moins provocateur devraient ainsi être à même de déterminer le degré de crédibilité qu’il convient de lui accorder.

* * *

Having recently been expertly republished, the contribution that Alexandre Kojève offered to Alexandre Koyré for his seventieth birthday served to support, in a manner that was in fact “much less playful than it initially appeared to be”, a claim that “historical procedures” had suppressed: if the Greeks failed to develop mathematical physics where the scholars of the 16th century, the foremost of whom being Nicolas Copernicus, succeeded, then it must be due to the fact that the former were pagans while the latter were specifically Christian! Only the latter, by virtue of the doctrine of Incarnation, were deemed capable of achieving the universalisation of the mathematical approach to the world. Focussed on interpreting this contribution as it was intended to be read, in other words independently of Kojève’s work and its implementation of a “rational history”, this article endeavours to: analyse the two main sources of inspiration for the aforementioned theory, namely Pierre Duhem and Alexandre Koyré; trace the historical reception of this contribution; highlight all of the objections that it was subject to at the time; and, lastly, formulate a few additional objections. Those readers wishing to make the most of the reissue of this rather provocative Kojèvian text should thus be in a position to determine the degree of credibility that it should be afforded.
Georges Lemaître
Authors: Lambert Dominique
Published: February 2023

Analyse critique de :

Lemaître (Georges), Learning the Physics of Einstein with Georges Lemaître : Before the Big Bang Theory / editors : Jan Govaerts and Jean-François Stoffel ; translated by Christine Leroy and Stephen Lyle. – Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2019. – xiv, 257 p. – 1 vol. relié de 16 × 24 cm. – 84,79 €. – isbn 978-3-030-22029-7.

Lemaître (Georges), L’ipotesi dell’atomo primitivo : saggio di cosmogonia / traduzione e introduzione di Mauro Stenico. – Trento : Fondazione museo storico del Trentino, 2019. – 243 p. – (Passati Presenti, 5). – 1 vol. broché de 11,5 × 19,5 cm. – 15,00 €. – isbn 978-88-7197-249-7.

Lemaître (Georges), La naissance du big bang. – Québec : PUL, 2020. – 261 p. – (Réminiscences). – 1 vol. broché de 11 × 18 cm. – 15,95 $. – isbn 978-2-7637-4839-9.

Bergson Lendja Ngemzue (Ange), La question cosmologique : Platon, Lemaître et l’origine de l’Univers / préface de Luc Brisson. – Paris : L’Harmattan, 2021. – 243 p. – (Ouverture philosophique, série Bibliothèque). – 1 vol. broché de 16 × 24 cm. – 26,00 €. – isbn 978-2-343-22473-2.
Soude et critique des fondements de la physique
Authors: Mawhin Jean
Published: February 2023

Analyse critique de :

Lambert (Franklin) - Berends (Frits), Vous avez dit : sabbat de sorcières ? La singulière histoire des premiers Conseils Solvay / préface de Thibault Damour. – Les Ulis : edp sciences, 2019. – 322 p. – (Sciences & histoire). – 1 vol. broché de 16,5 × 24 cm. – 34,00 €. – isbn 978-2-7598-2371-0.
Compte rendu de Michel Blay et de François Euvé : «Dialogue sur l’histoire, la religion et les sciences»
Authors: Armogathe Jean-Robert
Published: February 2023

Blay (Michel) – Euvé (François), Dialogue sur l’histoire, la religion et les sciences. – Paris : CNRS éditions, 2019. – 86 p. – 1 vol. broché de 14 × 20,5 cm. – 15,00 €. – isbn 978-2-271-12948-2.
Compte rendu de Alain Grandjean et de Thierry Libaert (sous la dir.) et présenté par Nicolas Hulot : «Quelles sciences pour le monde à venir? Face au dérèglement climatique et à la destruction de la biodiversité»
Authors: Maldamé Jean-Michel
Published: February 2023

Quelles sciences pour le monde à venir ? Face au dérèglement climatique et à la destruction de la biodiversité / Nicolas Hulot présente ; sous la direction de Alain Grandjean et de Thierry Libaert. – Paris : Éditions Odile Jacob, 2020. – 272 p. – 1 vol. broché de 14,5 × 22 cm. – 22,90 €. – isbn 978-2-7381-5351-7.
Compte rendu de Marie-Christine Many et de Gaëlle de Jesus Silva : «Exercices de diagnostic histologique : à la recherche des tissus dans des préparations microscopiques»
Authors: Rolin Stéphanie , Beauthier François
Published: February 2023

Many (Marie-Christine) - de Jesus Silva (Gaëlle), Exercices de diagnostic histologique : à la recherche des tissus dans des préparations microscopiques. – Louvain-la-Neuve : De Boeck supérieur, 2020. – 176 p. – 1 vol. broché de 21 × 29,50 cm. – isbn 978-2-8073-2826-6.
Compte rendu de Jean-Pol Beauthier, Philippe Lefèvre et de François Beauthier : «Traité d’anatomie palpatoire : membre inférieur et ceinture pelvienne»
Authors: Carrillo Olivier
Published: February 2023

Beauthier (Jean-Pol) – Lefèvre (Philippe) – Beauthier (François), Traité d’anatomie palpatoire : membre inférieur et ceinture pelvienne / préface des professeurs Véronique Feipel et Serge Van Sint Jan. – 2e édition. – Louvain-la-Neuve : De Boeck Supérieur, 2019. – xii, 329 p. – 1 vol. broché de 27,50 × 21,00 cm. – 79,00 €. – isbn 978-2-8073-0311-9.
Compte rendu de Joe Puleo et de Patrick Milroy : «Anatomie de la course à pied»
Authors: Scohier Mikaël
Published: February 2023

Puleo (Joe) - Milroy (Patrick), Anatomie de la course à pied / traduction de Renan Bain. – Louvain-la-Neuve : De Boeck supérieur, 2020. – 209 p. – 1 vol. broché de 17 × 24 cm. – 20,00 €. – isbn 978-2-8073-2837-2.
Compte rendu de Alain Bentolila : «Nous ne sommes pas des bonobos : créateurs et créatures»
Authors: D’Udekem-Gevers Marie
Published: February 2023

Bentolila (Alain), Nous ne sommes pas des bonobos : créateurs et créatures. – Paris : Éditions Odile Jacob, 2021. – 215 p. – 1 vol. broché de 14,5 × 22 cm. – 19,90 €. – isbn 978-2-7381-5507-8.
Qu’est-ce que le vivant ?
Authors: Modera Astrid
Published: February 2023

La grande diversité des formes que prend la vie sur Terre est impressionnante. Des végétaux aux animaux, en passant par les champignons et les bactéries, il parait difficile d’exprimer clairement ce qui leur est commun. Dans cet article, nous discutons la caractérisation du vivant développée en biologie relationnelle, approche principalement élaborée par Robert Rosen (1934-1998), à partir d’exemples simples et quotidiens. Notre objectif est de présenter rigoureusement, mais le plus simplement et le plus clairement possible, la vision du vivant qui y est proposée. Pour ce faire, nous détaillons le modèle relationnel du vivant qu’est le (M,R)-Système, ainsi que les outils nécessaires pour le construire et le comprendre, à savoir la théorie des catégories et la théorie aristotélicienne de la causalité.
* * *
The great diversity of life forms on Earth never ceases to amaze us. From plants to animals, and from fungi to bacteria, it remains difficult to put one’s finger on exactly what they all have in common. In this article, we discuss the characterization of life — chiefly developed in relational biology by Robert Rosen (1934-1998) — using simple, everyday examples. Our main objective is to present a precise portrayal of what it means to be alive, as expressed by this theory, in as clear and simple terms as possible. To this end, we provide a comprehensive description of the relational model of life, called the (M,R) System, including the tools necessary to construct and understand it, namely the category theory and the Aristotelian theory of causality.
Libres propos inspirés par une biographie d’Alexandre Koyré
Authors: Iommi Amunátegui Godofredo
Published: February 2023

Analyse critique de :

Zambelli (Paola), Alexandre Koyré, un juif errant ? / traduit par Irène Imbart. – Florence : Museo Galileo, 2021. – xv, 241 p. – (version électronique).
Compte rendu de Louis Marchildon : «From Thales to Gravitational Waves: The Scientific Perspective»
Authors: Roy Jean-René
Published: February 2023

Marchildon (Louis), From Thales to Gravitational Waves : The Scientific Perspective. – Singapour : World Scientific, 2021. – 168 p. – 15 £. – isbn 978-981-123-119-3 (version électronique).
Compte rendu de Laurent-Henri Vignaud : «Histoire des sciences et des techniques: XVIe-XVIIIe siècle»
Authors: Špelda Daniel
Published: February 2023

Vignaud (Laurent-Henri), Histoire des sciences et des techniques : XVIe-XVIIIe siècle. – Paris : Armand Colin, 2020. – 400 p. – (Mnémosya). – 1 vol. broché de 17 × 24 cm. – isbn 978-2-200-63014-0.
Compte rendu de Jacques Reisse : «Averroès, Copernic, Bruno et Galilée: raison, croyances et pouvoirs religieux»
Authors: Stoffel Jean-François
Published: February 2023

Reisse (Jacques), Averroès, Copernic, Bruno et Galilée : raison, croyances et pouvoirs religieux / postface de Dominique Lambert. – Bruxelles : Académie royale de Belgique, 2021. – 242 p. – (Regards ; 4). – 1 vol. collé de 14 × 20,50 cm. – 18 €. – isbn 978-2-8031-0809-1.
Compte rendu de Mathias Pessiglione : «Les vacances de Momo Sapiens: notre cerveau, entre raison et déraison»
Authors: Fox Albert
Published: February 2023

Pessiglione (Mathias), Les vacances de Momo Sapiens : notre cerveau, entre raison et déraison. – Paris : Éditions Odile Jacob, 2021. – 325 p. – 1 vol. broché de 14,5 × 22 cm. – 23,90 €. – isbn 978-2-7381-5174-2.
Compte rendu de Stanislas Dehaene : «Face à face avec son cerveau»
Authors: D’Udekem-Gevers Marie
Published: February 2023

Dehaene (Stanislas), Face à face avec son cerveau. – Paris : Éditions Odile Jacob, 2021. – 216 p. – 1 vol. broché de 25 × 18,5 cm. – 23,90 €. – isbn 978-2-7381-5702-7.
Compte rendu de «Mathématiques pour les sciences de l’ingénieur: 120 fiches de cours, 120 exercices d’application, 580 exercices d’entraînement»
Authors: Coulaud Jean-Baptiste
Published: February 2023

Mathématiques pour les sciences de l’ingénieur : 120 fiches de cours, 120 exercices d’application, 580 exercices d’entraînement / sous la direction de Frédéric Bertrand, Myriam Maumy-Bertrand, Sandie Ferrigno, Didier Marx, Aurélie Muller-Gueudin et Yacoubou Rabba Idi. – 2e édition. – Malakoff : Dunod, 2019. – 564 p. – (Tout en fiches : le cours). – 1 vol. broché de 19,5 × 25 cm. – 29,50 €. – isbn 978-2-10-079103-3.
Compte rendu de Isabelle El Khiari : «Pour un patient au cœur du soin. Les méthodes complémentaires à l’hôpital: quand l’aromathérapie, la réflexologie ou la relaxation vient en appui de la chimie»
Authors: Descheemacker Nathalie , Sautois Anne-Marie
Published: February 2023

El Khiari (Isabelle), Pour un patient au cœur du soin. Les méthodes complémentaires à l’hôpital : quand l’aromathérapie, la réflexologie ou la relaxation vient en appui de la chimie / avec la collaboration d’Ariane Puccini. – Paris : Fayard, 2021. – 304 p. – 1 vol. broché de 13,5 × 21 cm. – 19,00 €. – isbn 978-2-213-71025-9.
Decomposing the Grey Economy in Bulgaria: A General-Equilibrium Analysis
Authors: VASILEV Aleksander
Published: February 2023

This paper attempts to assess the size of the grey economy, and provide a decomposition by evasion type. The modelling approach utilizes a standard micro- founded general-equilibrium setup, which is augmented with a revenue-extraction mech- anism and a government sector. The model is calibrated to Bulgaria after the intro- duction of the currency board (1999-2018). A computational experiment performed within this setup estimates that on average, the size of total evasion is a bit more than one-fourth of output, an estimate which is in line with the figures provided in both Philip (2014) and the European Commission (2014). Two-thirds of the model- predicted evasion is a combined result of income- and social security evasion, while the rest is due to VAT evasion.
In Search of A Giffen Input: A Comprehensive Analysis of The Wold-Juréen (1953) Production Function
Authors: SPROULE Robert
Published: February 2023

The Wold-Juréen (1953) utility function serves as an exemplar of those utility functions which have the potential to yield a Giffen good. As such, this utility function has contributed much to the overall development of consumer theory. Because of the said success of the Wold-Juréen (1953) utility function, it seems only natural to ask this: can the Wold-Juréen (1953) functional form also serve as an ex- emplar of those production functions which have the potential to yield a Giffen factor? Since our review of the literature suggests that no such question has ever been posed, therein lies the purpose of the present paper.
Achievement as white settler property: How the discourse of achievement gaps reproduces settler colonial constructions of race
Authors: Barrero Jaramillo Diana M.
Published: February 2023

Racialized narratives of academic ability, perpetuated by ahistorical interpretations of student performance data, have led to educational policies focusing on short-term solutions, instead of the ongoing legacies of racism and settler colonialism. The aim of this paper is to show how the racially defined achievement gap operates within the structure of settler colonialism. Informed by theories of settler colonialism (Tuck & Yang, 2012, Veracini, 2010) and critical race theory (Harris, 1993; Ladson-Billings & Tate, 1995), I closely examine some Toronto District School Board documents that address the so-called achievement and opportunity gaps. Using critical discourse analysis, this paper shows how the notion of achievement is racialized to protect white settler property rights, and how the discourse of achievement gaps functions as a settler technology to concurrently include and exclude individuals from the settler project. Understanding the settler colonial constructions of race brings to the foreground the relations between Indigenous erasure, anti-Blackness, and othering of racialized communities within the contemporary multicultural nation (Haque, 2012; Tuck & Gorlewski, 2016).
U źródeł chaosu. Relacje słowa i obrazu w Czarnych kartach grupy Oneiron
Authors: Szweda Joanna
Published: February 2023

The article presents the first extended discussion of the structure of Oneiron’s Black Cards – the neoavantgarde project connecting image and word. Using literary instruments, the author attempts to read this work on three basic levels: the perception of the series, the analysis of the space of every single card, and an attempt to decipher the autonomous “micro-works” falling into the card area.Multilayerism refers to the original premise of the creators. Thanks to their collective and aleatory work, Black Cards were meant to reflect the game of the subconscious. This reading of the Cards on three levels is aimed at identifying the sources of inspiration of the artists participating in the workand determining the role of words and literature in this multifaceted intention.
Elevación de SPINK2 en leucemia mieloide aguda
Authors: Gezer Sümbül , Emrence Zeliha , Elverdi Tuğrul , Ar Muhlis Cem , Salman Yaylaz Burcu , Paçal Ferda , Ünüvar Ayşegül , Sarıman Melda , Eşkazan Ahmet Emre , Karaman Serap , Salihoğlu Ayşe , Karakaş Zeynep , Abacı Neslihan , Sırma-Ekmekci Sema
Published: February 2023

Objectivos

La leucemia mieloide aguda (AML, por sus siglas en inglés) es una enfermedad muy heterogénea. Aunque se puede clasificar a los pacientes en grupos de riesgo según sus mutaciones genéticas, el pronóstico dentro de cada categoría varía sustancialmente. Es perentorio identificar nuevos marcadores moleculares de la AML. Recientemente, se ha descrito la elevación del inhibidor de la serina peptidasa Kazal tipo 2 (SPINK2) en la AML, habiendo sido relacionada con peores resultados clínicos en metaanálisis, así como en un número limitado de pacientes con AML.

Métodos

Analizamos la expresión de SPINK2 en 62 pacientes (45 adultos y 17 niños) con AML y en 11 líneas celulares mediante PCR cuantitativa (qRT-PCR). Los niveles de la proteína SPINK2 se determinaron en líneas celulares mediante ELISA.

Resultados

Observamos un aumento de expresión del ARNm de SPINK2 y de los niveles de la proteína en las líneas celulares de AML (HL60 y NB4), frente a otras líneas celulares (K562, Jurkat y NALM6, MCF7, HeLa, HUVEC, hFOB, 293T, U87). Los pacientes con AML mostraron una expresión elevada de ARNm de SPINK2 frente a los controles (p=0,004) y esta fue significativamente menor en los pacientes t(8;21) positivos, frente a los pacientes negativos (p=0,0006).

Conclusions

Estos resultados sugieren que el gen SPINK2 tiene un papel relevante en el desarrollo de la AML. Son necesarios más estudios para evaluar la expresión de SPINK2 en los pacientes con AML con la mutación t(8.21) e investigar su valor pronóstico en varios subgrupos de pacientes con AML.
A low-energy ion spectrometer with large field of view and wide energy range onboard a Chinese GEO satellite
Authors: Shan Xu , Miao Bin , Cao Zhe , Sun Zhenyu , Li Yiren , Liu Kai , Qu Sanbiao , Guo Xingyu , Su Zhenpeng , Shen Chenglong , Pan Zonghao , Li Xin , Hao Xinjun , Yang Xiaoping , Tian Chao , Jiang Yu , Liu Shubin , An Qi , Chen Xiangjun , Wang Yuming
Published: February 2023

A low-energy ion spectrometer (LEIS), onboard a Chinese navigation satellite in geosynchronous orbit, is one of the primary instruments for plasma detection. The LEIS is implemented by combining a top-hat electrostatic analyzer with a pair of angular scanning deflectors, which enables us to achieve in situ measurement of energetic ions in three-dimensional (3D) space with a large field of view of 360° × 90° and a wide energy range from 50 eV to 25 keV per charge. The key performance parameters including analyzer constant, geometric factor, linear relation function between elevation angles and deflector voltages, and the energy or angular resolutions have been determined by using detailed simulations and calibration experiments on the ground. The preliminary results from on-orbit observations demonstrate that the capability of the present LEIS payload can well meet the mission requirements for sampling the low-energy ion distributions in 3D space, measuring the negative satellite surface potential, and monitoring the magnetospheric storm or substorm activities.
The Vanishing Incumbency Advantage in State House Elections
Authors: Rogers Steven
Published: February 2023

Ninety-six percent of state legislative incumbents who appeared on the November 2022 ballot reclaimed their seats in the state legislature, the highest percentage since at least the 2010 elections. Such electoral success would suggest that these state legislators enjoyed a healthy incumbency advantage. However, prior work (e.g. Jacobson, G. C. 2015. “It’s Nothing Personal: The Decline of the Incumbency Advantage in US House Elections.”The Journal of Politics77 (3): 861–73.) indicates that the incumbency advantage has diminished in recent elections, at least in the US House. I find similar – but smaller – declines in the magnitude of the incumbency advantage in state house elections in the last two decades. Instead of being attributable to the traditional incumbency advantage, state legislative incumbents’ success in the 2022 elections is more likely a consequence of the increasing number of partisan state house districts and the continued nationalization of state politics.
Advanced tools and methods for treewidth-based problem solving
Authors: Hecher Markus
Published: February 2023

Computer programs, so-called solvers, for solving the well-known Boolean satisfiability problem (Sat) have been improving for decades. Among the reasons, why these solvers are so fast, is the implicit usage of the formula’s structural properties during solving. One of such structural indicators is the so-called treewidth, which tries to measure how close a formula instance is to being easy (tree-like). This work focuses on logic-based problems and treewidth-based methods and tools for solving them. Many of these problems are also relevant for knowledge representation and reasoning (KR) as well as artificial intelligence (AI) in general. We present a new type of problem reduction, which is referred to by decomposition-guided (DG). This reduction type forms the basis to solve a problem for quantified Boolean formulas (QBFs) of bounded treewidth that has been open since 2004. The solution of this problem then gives rise to a new methodology for proving precise lower bounds for a range of further formalisms in logic, KR, and AI. Despite the established lower bounds, we implement an algorithm for solving extensions of Sat efficiently, by directly using treewidth. Our implementation is based on finding abstractions of instances, which are then incrementally refined in the process. Thereby, our observations confirm that treewidth is an important measure that should be considered in the design of modern solvers.
Plasmonic metafiber for all-fiber Q-switched cylindrical vector lasers
Authors: Hua He , Zeng Chao , He Zhiwen , Lu Hua , Du Yueqing , Mao Dong , Zhao Jianlin
Published: February 2023

Metafibers, by integrating metasurface at the optical fiber tip, are emerging as the significant optical coupling platforms for nanophotonics and fiber-optic communities. Here, we propose a plasmonic metafiber for converting the fundamental mode to first-order mode in fiber, and as proof of device performance, demonstrate an all-fiber Q-switched cylindrical vector laser using the metafiber. Based on polarization-dependent plasmonic resonance, a polarization-independent mode conversion metasurface is designed theoretically and numerically, fabricated directly on fiber facet, and packaged as an all-fiber component with efficiency up to 21% at 1550-nm band. Using the metafiber in an all-fiber laser, Q-switched azimuthally polarized beam (APB) and radially polarized beam (RPB) are delivered at wavelength of 1548.5 nm with pulse durations from ∼7 to ∼2 μs when pump power increases from 30 to 120 mW. The mode purities of the APB and RPB are 86.5% and 90.7%, respectively. This work outlines a new strategy to integrate metasurfaces into “all-in-fiber” systems and offers a reliable route to construct next-generation laser sources, such as all-fiber ultrafast structured lasers.
Ultrafast strong-field terahertz nonlinear nanometasurfaces
Authors: Cai Jiahua , Chen Sai , Geng Chunyan , Li Jianghao , Quan Baogang , Wu Xiaojun
Published: February 2023

Strong-field terahertz (THz)–matter interaction permits the investigation of nonequilibrium behaviors in the nonperturbative zone. However, the unavailability of a high-field free-space THz source with high repetition rates, excellent beam quality, and high stability hinders its development. In this work, we obtain the nonlinear modulation dynamics of a “THz-nano” metasurface on silicon substrates using a time-resolved strong-field THz-pump THz-probe (TPTP) with a thousand orders local field enhancement through confining THz waves into nano-gaps (15 nm, λ/33,000). By switching the THz field strength, we successfully realize a self-modulation ∼50 GHz frequency shift, which is further verified via the TPTP ultrafast time-resolution technique. The phenomenon is attributed to the impact ionization (IMI) of the silicon substrate under the excitation of extremely confined strong THz fields in nano-gaps. Both strong-field induced intervalley scattering (IVS) and IMI effects of photodoped silicon occurring in nano-gaps and large-area substrates were also observed by 800 nm optical injection of carriers. These aforementioned findings provide a robust research platform for the realization of ultrafast time resolution nanoscale strong-field THz–matter interaction and new ideas for nonextreme laboratories to realize extreme THz science, applications, and THz nonlinear modulation device development.
Review on sophorolipids – a promising microbial bio-surfactant
Authors: Madankar Chandu S. , Borde Priti K.
Published: February 2023

Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules used primarily for cleaning. Petroleum-based surfactants have a high production rate, but are non-biodegradable and destructive to the environment. Environmentally friendly biosurfactants are therefore becoming increasingly important. In addition to not being toxic; they are environmentally safe and mild to the skin. Depending on their structure, there are different types of biosurfactants. One of the types are the glycolipids, they are low molecular weight biosurfactants, and consist of sophorolipids. Sophorolipids are getting more attention as alternative to petroleum-based surfactants due to excellent stability at various pH levels, temperatures, and salinities. In addition to being anti-microbial, they have excellent wetting and foaming abilities and act as emulsifiers. There are numerous applications of sophorolipids in food, agriculture, biomedicine, cosmetics and personal care.
Influence of Different Mortar Matrices on the Effectiveness of FRCM Composites for Confining Masonry Columns
Authors: Alecci Valerio , De Stefano Mario , Galassi Stefano , Luciano Raimondo , Pugliese Dora , Stipo Gianfranco
Published: February 2023

In the past, steel hoops were applied over the height of columns to increase their load-bearing capacity. Currently, innovative strengthening techniques, namely fiber-reinforced composites, are successfully replacing traditional systems. Although fiber-reinforced polymers were demonstrated to be effective in the confinement of columns, the use of fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) systems is preferred in the case of masonry columns belonging to architectural heritage buildings because of the compatibility with the masonry substrate as well as the reversibility of the intervention. In this paper, the influence of different matrices on the effectiveness of confinement of masonry columns is investigated both experimentally and analytically. Three different matrices are considered to assemble the composite: a natural lime mortar with poor mechanical properties, a cement mortar, and a commercial mortar with high compression strength. The FRCM system was obtained by embedding a polyparaphenylenebenzobisoxazole fabric within these matrices. Results of axial compression tests demonstrate the effectiveness of confinement in all cases, highlighting the different increases in the load-bearing capacity and ductility of the columns provided by the use of different matrices. The main predictive formulas available in the literature were used to compute the increase in the load-bearing capacity of the tested columns, providing values very different than those obtained experimentally. For this reason, the authors believe that these formulas, which are affected by coefficients fine-tuned by the various authors based on their experimental results, need to be further calibrated and tuned to be successfully used in practical applications. Accordingly, the use of two different equations in the case of matrices having a compression strength higher or lower than the strength of the unconfined column is proposed.
Spared Premotor Areas Undergo Rapid Nonlinear Changes in Functional Organization Following a Focal Ischemic Infarct in Primary Motor Cortex of Squirrel Monkeys
Authors: Plautz Erik J. , Barbay Scott , Frost Shawn B. , Stowe Ann M. , Dancause Numa , Zoubina Elena V. , Eisner-Janowicz Ines , Guggenmos David J. , Nudo Randolph J.
Published: February 2023

Recovery of motor function after stroke is accompanied by reorganization of movement representations in spared cortical motor regions. It is widely assumed that map reorganization parallels recovery, suggesting a causal relationship. We examined this assumption by measuring changes in motor representations in eight male and six female squirrel monkeys in the first few weeks after injury, a time when motor recovery is most rapid. Maps of movement representations were derived using intracortical microstimulation techniques in primary motor cortex (M1), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) in 14 adult squirrel monkeys before and after a focal infarct in the M1 distal forelimb area. Maps were derived at baseline and at either 2 (n= 7) or 3 weeks (n= 7) postinfarct. In PMv the forelimb maps remained unchanged at 2 weeks but contracted significantly (−42.4%) at 3 weeks. In PMd the forelimb maps expanded significantly (+110.6%) at 2 weeks but contracted significantly (−57.4%) at 3 weeks. Motor deficits were equivalent at both time points. These results highlight two features of plasticity after M1 lesions. First, significant contraction of distal forelimb motor maps in both PMv and PMd is evident by 3 weeks. Second, an unpredictable nonlinear pattern of reorganization occurs in the distal forelimb representation in PMd, first expanding at 2 weeks, and then contracting at 3 weeks postinjury. Together with previous results demonstrating reliable map expansions in PMv several weeks to months after M1 injury, the subacute time period may represent a critical window for the timing of therapeutic interventions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe relationship between motor recovery and motor map reorganization after cortical injury has rarely been examined in acute/subacute periods. In nonhuman primates, premotor maps were examined at 2 and 3 weeks after injury to primary motor cortex. Although maps are known to expand late after injury, the present study demonstrates early map expansion at 2 weeks (dorsal premotor cortex) followed by contraction at 3 weeks (dorsal and ventral premotor cortex). This nonlinear map reorganization during a time of gradual behavioral recovery suggests that the relationship between map plasticity and motor recovery is much more complex than previously thought. It also suggests that rehabilitative motor training may have its most potent effects during this early dynamic phase of map reorganization.
A Short Route for Reach Planning between Human V6A and the Motor Cortex
Authors: Breveglieri Rossella , Borgomaneri Sara , Diomedi Stefano , Tessari Alessia , Galletti Claudio , Fattori Patrizia
Published: February 2023

In the macaque monkey, area V6A, located in the medial posterior parietal cortex, contains cells that encode the spatial position of a reaching target. It has been suggested that during reach planning this information is sent to the frontal cortex along a parieto-frontal pathway that connects V6A–premotor cortex–M1. A similar parieto-frontal network may also exist in the human brain, and we aimed here to study the timing of this functional connection during planning of a reaching movement toward different spatial positions. We probed the functional connectivity between human area V6A (hV6A) and the primary motor cortex (M1) using dual-site, paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation with a short (4 ms) and a longer (10 ms) interstimulus interval while healthy participants (18 men and 18 women) planned a visually-guided or a memory-guided reaching movement toward positions located at different depths and directions. We found that, when the stimulation over hV6A is sent 4 ms before the stimulation over M1, hV6A inhibits motor-evoked potentials during planning of either rightward or leftward reaching movements. No modulations were found when the stimulation over hV6A was sent 10 ms before the stimulation over M1, suggesting that only short medial parieto-frontal routes are active during reach planning. Moreover, the short route of hV6A–premotor cortex–M1 is active during reach planning irrespectively of the nature (visual or memory) of the reaching target. These results agree with previous neuroimaging studies and provide the first demonstration of the flow of inhibitory signals between hV6A and M1.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAll our dexterous movements depend on the correct functioning of the network of brain areas. Knowing the functional timing of these networks is useful to gain a deeper understanding of how the brain works to enable accurate arm movements. In this article, we probed the parieto-frontal network and demonstrated that it takes 4 ms for the medial posterior parietal cortex to send inhibitory signals to the frontal cortex during reach planning. This fast flow of information seems not to be dependent on the availability of visual information regarding the reaching target. This study opens the way for future studies to test how this timing could be impaired in different neurological disorders.
Facilidades e dificuldades na assistência ao idoso na Estratégia de Saúde da Família
Authors: de Barros Terezinha Barbosa , Maia Evanira Rodrigues , Freitag Pagliuca Lorita Marlena
Published: February 2023

Objetivou-se apresentar o perfil dos profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, identificando ações prestadas, facilidades e dificuldades enfrentadas na assistência ao idoso. Pesquisa descritiva, quantitativa, realizada em Caririaçu/CE/BR, de maio a junho/2009 por meio de questionário. Dos 21 participantes a maioria era enfermeiro, mulheres entre 20-30 anos, 13 especialistas. As ações da atenção básica fundamentavam-se nos indicadores do Pacto pela Vida buscando reduzir internamentos e complicações por quedas, diabetes, hipertensão arterial, além de promover imunização, visitas domiciliares e educação em saúde. A maioria dos profissionais afirma inexistir facilidades para assistir o idoso; as dificuldades são baixa assiduidade dos idosos e necessidade de capacitação do profissional para intervir no processo de envelhecimento. Urge desenvolver competência profissional focada no idoso para atuar na humanização, acolhimento, hábitos saudáveis, avaliação global, suporte familiar e social, percepção de fragilidade intrafamiliar e maus-tratos, uso de medicamentos, osteoporose, incontinência urinária, depressão, demência e AIDS.
Significados e valores de família para adolescentes escolares
Authors: Silva Ítalo Rodolfo , Macedo de Sousa Francisca Georgina , Santos Marinese Hermínia , Figueiredo Cunha Carlos Leonardo , da Silva Thiago Privado , Barbosa Daniele Castro
Published: February 2023

A família caracteriza-se como instituição complexa capaz de dar sustentação ao desenvolvimento de princípios e valores dos seus membros principalmente aos adolescentes. Com base nestas assertivas o objetivo do estudo foi de compreender os significados e valores de família para adolescentes escolares. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, utilizando-se da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo para análise dos dados. Foram sujeitos da pesquisa 14 adolescentes de uma instituição pública de ensino de São Luís/MA/BR. Para a coleta dos dados utilizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Apresentam-se cinco discursos: a família como valor; papeis da família para os adolescentes; estrutura familiar; a família na vida do adolescente; sentimentos desvelados na família. Foi possível compreender a influência que a família exerce no desenvolvimento do adolescente revelando necessidade de estratégias de cuidado de enfermagem ao adolescente e à família.
Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e comorbidade em pacientes mastectomizadas
Authors: Lavinas Santos Míria Conceição , Castro e Silva Tiago Barreto de , Cavalcante Kamila Monteiro , Souto Natasha Firmino , Lôbo Sâmya Aguiar , Fernandes Ana Fátima Carvalho
Published: February 2023

O estudo objetivou verificar a associação entre as comorbidades e a qualidade de vida (QoL) de mulheres mastectomizadas. Estudo do tipo transversal, com 48 mulheres com idade média de 58,2 anos e tempo de mastectomia de 55,4 meses, incluídas em um grupo de apoio (n=16) e um de controle (32), de um ambulatório de hormonioterapia de um hospital de referência em Fortaleza/Brasil. Utilizou-se o instrumentoMedical Outcomes Study Questionaire 36 — Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Os grupos diferiram quanto às comorbidades, 68,8% no grupo de estudo e 31,2% no grupo controle (p=0,029). Considerando os dois grupos, evidenciou-se pior pontuação referente à dimensão denominada Limitação por Aspectos Físicos (p=0,143) e melhor pontuação referente à dimensão Aspectos Sociais (p=0,272). A combinação de três comorbidades (n=48) determinou associação nível mais baixo de QoL nas dimensões Capacidade Funcional (p=0,463), Dor (p=0,869) e Estado Geral de Saúde (p=0,138).