bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematization of cosmic services
Authors: Лукьященко Михаил , Lukyashchenko Mikhail , Заичко Валерий , Zaichko Valeriy , Жиганов Александр , Zhiganov Aleksandr , Максимов Александр , Maksimov Aleksandr
Published: June 2014

The authors of the article propose a list of cosmic services systematized in accordance with different types of economic activity. The list is intended for service-industry personnel training and retraining purposes, as well as for the purposes of modernization of Russian economic sectors and service enterprises of various categories of ownership.
Multidepot Distribution Planning at Logistics Service Provider Nabuurs B.V.
Authors: Demir Emrah , Van Woensel Tom , de Kok Ton
Published: June 2014

Distribution networks of many logistics service providers have evolved from single-depot to complex, dynamic multidepot networks. In a single-depot network, the deliveries from each depot are planned for that depot only, and drivers return to the starting depot to pick up each new order. In a multidepot network, the deliveries from multiple depots can be planned simultaneously; therefore, a logistics service provider can efficiently combine its resources, thus reducing its labor and transport costs. However, an increasing emphasis on reliability, customization, and flexibility is affecting the logistics structures. This paper describes the shift from single-depot planning to multidepot planning for Nabuurs B.V., a large Benelux logistics service provider that implemented a centralized, automated multidepot planning process throughout its organization. We developed a simulation model to evaluate system performance and to address performance challenges. In this paper, we discuss the results of extensive simulation tests and the specific recommendations that Nabuurs B.V. management implemented.
Branch-Price-and-Cut Algorithms for the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows and Last-in-First-Out Loading
Authors: Cherkesly Marilène , Desaulniers Guy , Laporte Gilbert
Published: June 2014

This paper proposes models and algorithms for the pickup and delivery vehicle routing problem with time windows and last-in-first-out (LIFO) loading constraints (PDPTWL). The LIFO loading rule ensures that no handling is required prior to unloading an item from a vehicle: a linear stack loading structure is maintained and an item can only be delivered if it is the last one in the stack. Three exact branch-price-and-cut algorithms are proposed for this problem. The first incorporates the LIFO constraints in the master problem. The second one handles the LIFO constraints directly in the shortest path pricing problem. It applies a dynamic programming algorithm relying on an ad hoc dominance criterion. The third algorithm is a hybrid between the first two methods. Known valid inequalities are adapted to the PDPTWL and the impact of different path relaxations on the total computation time is investigated. Computational results obtained on instances derived from known instances of the pickup and delivery problem with time windows (PDPTW) are reported.
La prensa histórica como herramienta de recopilación de información meteorológica y climática. El caso de la ciudad de Tarragona (España)
Authors: Ripoll Pi Ricard , Prohom Duran Marc , Peña Rabadán Juan Carlos , Martín Vide Javier
Published: June 2014

La prensa histórica es una fuente de información meteorológica y climática adicional a la fuente habitual de los archivos meteorológicos. En este estudio se presenta el proceso de recuperación de los valores de las variables meteorológicas de la ciudad de Tarragona (Spain) a partir de periódicos antiguos. En primer lugar se detalla la fase de localización de los datos meteorológicos, dispersos en diferentes fondos, datos que han sido digitalizados manualmente para su preservación y posterior manipulación. El análisis de las distintas variables recuperadas permite a menudo observar los diferentes cambios en las mediciones, las localizaciones y los instrumentos utilizados. Así pues, se dispone de una recuperación de metadatos para que la posterior manipulación de las series climáticas sea lo más homogénea posible. Finalmente se muestran las potencialidades y carencias de la recuperación de datos meteorológicos a través de la prensa antigua.
Competition and Innovation in Product Quality: Theory and Evidence from Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Authors: Karaman Fatma Nur , Lahiri Sajal
Published: June 2014

This paper examines how the degree of competition affects incentives to innovate in product quality in a symmetric Cournot oligopolistic model. We model product quality in a quality-ladder framework and find an inverted-U shaped relationship between the number of firms in an industry and R&D efforts in innovation. We test this theoretical prediction using firm-level data for Eastern European and Central Asian countries from the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey and find strong support for it.
Understanding Ransom Kidnappings and Their Duration
Authors: Detotto Claudio , McCannon Bryan C. , Vannini Marco
Published: June 2014

What factors drive the length of a kidnapping experience? A theoretical model is developed to conduct comparative statics. A unique data set covering all kidnappings for ransom in Sardinia between 1960 and 2010 is analyzed. Factors related to the ability to pay and cost of abduction matter. Policies aimed at deterring kidnapping have mixed effects on its duration.
Reactions of 1,2-cyclopropyl carbohydrates
Authors: Harvey Joanne E. , Hewitt Russell J. , Moore Peter W. , Somarathne Kalpani K.
Published: June 2014

Addition of a carbene to a glycal is the prominent method for the synthesis of 1,2-cyclopropyl carbohydrates. This incorporation of a cyclopropane into a carbohydrate scaffold enables divergent reactivity, with the two main classes being ring expansion and cleavage to 2-C-branched carbohydrates. A wide variety of products are obtained depending on the functionality attached to the cyclopropane (none or ester or halogens) and the promoter (Lewis acid, Brønsted acid, halophile or base) used in the reaction. This article reviews progress in the synthesis and reactions of 1,2-cyclopropyl carbohydrates since 2000 and discloses efforts by our group in the area.
Bilateral idiopathic choroidal folds
Authors: Pluzsik Milán Tamás , Schneider Miklós
Published: June 2014

Choroidal folds present as parallel bright and dark lines, which may be detected with funduscopy. Optical coherence tomography, red free fundus photography, autofluorescence and fluorescein angiography may be also helpful to establish the diagnosis. The authors present the case of a 70-year-old male who was evaluated because of a 1-month history of blurred vision on his right eye. Dilated fundus examination revealed choroidal folds in both eyes, which failed to affect visual acuity. No neurogical pathologies were found. There was no change in the patient condition durind a follow-up period of 6 months. The authors note that choroidal folds are often not recognized because they are usually asymptomatic. There are several possible causes which should be considered. The diagnosis of idiopathic choroidal folds is based on the exclusion of other pathologies. Observation of the patient’s visual acuity and monitoring for fundus changes are needed. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(27), 1083–1086.
A Flexible Accelerometer System for Human Pulse Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Yuanfeng , Kim Woo Soo
Published: June 2014

Here we introduce a cost-effective and highly sensitive flexible accelerometer system, which can sense human pulse by detecting the pulsation. The accelerometer employs capacitive sensing with a structure of two parallel plate electrodes with the optimally designed top electrode pattern in order to achieve high sensitivity. This flexible light-weight sensor is fabricated by direct-printing of silver nano-inks on pre-patterned flexible paper substrates. When the accelerometer is attached to the body surfaces: neck, inner elbow, or any other pulsation point, accurate pulse rates are obtained by reading out the voltage output signal.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Permalloy Oxide grown by dual ion beam sputtering.
Authors: Compton Maclyn Stuart , Simpson Nelson A. , LeBlanc Elizabeth G. , Robinson Michael A. , Geerts Wilhelmus J.
Published: June 2014

Electrical and Optical measurements were carried out on permalloy oxide (PyO) thin films made by reactive dual ion beam sputtering at room temperature. VSM measurements at room temperature and 15 Kelvin did not reveal any magnetic moment in 120 nm thick films. The optical refraction and extinction spectra from 200-1000 nm were determined from ellipsometry measurements using a Cody-Lorentz model and provided in a reproducible method to determine the film thickness of PyO films on different substrate materials. PyO is transparent above 700 nm and is strongly absorbing below 500 nm. The resistivity values of PyO samples sputtered at room temperature depend on the oxygen flow rate and is approximately 4E3 Ohm cm for films prepared at 10 sccm. The resistivity of PyO decreases as a function of temperature. The dielectric constant is strongly frequency dependent, decreasing from 500 at 500 Hz to 10 at 1 MHz.
Improvement of Inventory and Leaching Rate Measurements of C-14 in Hull Waste, and Separation of Organic Compounds for Chemical Species Identification
Authors: Takahashi Ryota , Sasoh Michitaka , Yamashita Yu , Tanabe Hiromi , Sakuragi Tomofumi
Published: June 2014

In order to analyze the C-14 inventory and leaching rate for safety evaluation of transuranic waste disposal, it is necessary to establish an analytical method that can measure C-14 with sufficient precision [1]. Oxidative decomposition of organic compounds containing C-14 is carried out to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) in an alkaline solution, which is mixed with a liquid scintillation cocktail, and the amount C-14 is quantified by measuring a beta ray spectrum with a liquid scintillation counter. It has been difficult to completely decompose carbon compounds in a sample, even to CO2, by using conventional oxidizing agents. In the work described here, we improved the method of oxidative decomposition used to completely decompose carbon compounds using peroxydisulfuric acid (K2S2O8). When C-14 in the form of CO2 was absorbed in a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution, only 80% of the actually used quantity was detected. Total organic carbon measurements showed that the entire quantity of CO2 was absorbed by NaOH. When NaOH aqueous solution was used, it was found that only the analytical value was 80%. The entire quantity of the actually used carbon could be measured by absorbing the CO2 in Carbo-Sorb®. An anion form and a neutral molecule exist in the organic compound released from activated metals. In order to identify organic compounds efficiently, fractionation into an anion and a neutral molecule and separation by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are necessary. Here, we propose the combined use of an ion exchange resin and HPLC as an improved technique for identification of the chemical species.
The effect of alkaline alteration on sorption properties of sedimentary rock
Authors: Shimoda Satoko , Nakazawa Toshiyuki , Kato Hiroyasu , Tachi Yukio , Seida Yoshimi
Published: June 2014

The potential effect of high pH plume caused by cementitious materials must be evaluated in the performance assessment for HLW geological disposal. Alkaline plume would lead to change sorption properties of host rock by primary mineral dissolution, secondary mineral precipitation and sequential change of pore water chemistry. In this study, the effect of alkaline alteration on sorption of Cs, Ni and Th was investigated using rock samples from the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory. Crushed rock samples were reacted in high pH alkaline solution at 90°C for 45 days, 95 days and 1,383 days, respectively. As a result of sample analysis, it was supposed that zeolitic mineral was precipitated as secondary mineral. The cation exchange capacity slightly increased in comparison with the unaltered sample. Distribution coefficients (Kd) of Cs, Ni and Th on unaltered and altered rock sample were measured by batch sorption experiment in synthetic groundwater. Kdof Cs increased with the alteration period. These results show that secondary minerals contribute to the increase in Cs sorption. By contrast, Kdof Ni and Th decreased with the alteration period. This change might be caused by dissolution of clay minerals and amorphous silicates controlling Ni and Th sorption by surface complexation. These results imply that effects of alkaline alteration on Kdof rocks depend on the dissolution/precipitation of minerals, their surface properties and sorption mechanisms.
On the Amorphisation Trajectory of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Santangelo Saveria , Milone Candida
Published: June 2014

A very simple model for the kinetics of oxidation of carbon Nanotubes (NTs) is proposed which is able to reproduce the main features of their measured kinetic thermal oxidation profiles. Based on this model the resistance to oxidation of NTs is found to decrease with increasing defect density and amorphous phases, i.e. sp3 bonding component. This finding supports the validity of assumptions previously made to explain the correlation between results of Raman Spectroscopy (RS) and Kinetic Thermal Analysis (KTA) on NTs via a three-stage model, inspired to that proposed by Ferrari and Robertson for other nanocarbons.
Psychological Analysis on Autogenesis as Preface to God Cognition (A Comparative Analysis of View Point of Imam Ali ibn Abu Talib --peace be upon him-and Scholars of Education and Pedagogy)
Authors: Kuhsari Seyed Eshaq Hoseini , Redhaei Ali Redha Mohammad
Published: June 2014

One of the questions which has engaged the mind and soul of many people is: how can fifteen century old teachings of Islam and its guide lines given by Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him) and infallible Imams (peace be upon them) can answer the needs of today and how can it lead the way of today’s people to perfection? Is the teaching of Islam compatible with science of today?The present papertries to emphasize on teachings of Islam not belonging to people of specific time period, and have static and variable laws and comprehensive view on every aspect of life. It also performs an analytic and comparative study on viewpoint of psychologists and sayings of Imam Ali's concerning the most fundamental need of humanity; Autogenesis and perfectionism. Probably it may help us answer the above questions and will also help us in manifesting some part of that infallible Imam's endless knowledge.
Variação sazonal no recrutamento de Phragmatopoma caudata (Polychaeta, Sabellariidae) na costa sudeste do Brasil: biometria e validação de metodologia para categorização de classes etárias
Authors: Faroni-Perez Larisse
Published: June 2014

Este estudo explora a maturação de gametas e biometria de Phragmatopoma caudata Krøyer in Mörch, 1863 para endossar uma metodologia e oferecer uma técnica adequada para estudos que objetivam avaliar a ecologia populacional. A análise de correlação de Pearson confirmou a relação positiva (r = 0,90, P <0,0001) entre o comprimento do corpo e o comprimento da coroa opercular. Indivíduos com opercular crown < 0,9 mm podem ser considerados como juvenil devido à ausência de gametas. Portanto, utilizando-se o método aprovado para separar as classes de tamanho, a população dos recifes de P. caudata no Parque Estadual Xixová-Japuí (PEJX) na Baía de Santos, Estado de São Paulo, foi examinada durante dois anos, com o objetivo de analisar a densidade populacional e o padrão sazonal da classe juvenil. Em período de elevadas taxas de juvenis, a densidade populacional atingiu 128.115 ind./m², porém, a média foi 65.090±22.033 ind./m². As análises estatísticas (Kruskal-Wallis H = 18,475, p < 0,01) revelaram existir variação significativa na composição juvenil entre as estações chuvosa e seca. Apesar da presença de juvenis em meses de seca, as estações chuvosas contemplaram 92,1% dos juvenis amostrados. O padrão de juvenis observado pode estar relacionado com fatores biológicos (e.g. gametogênese e ciclo de vida) e abióticos (e.g. suprimento alimentar e correntes marinhas). Estes resultados destacam a necessidade de programas de monitoramento de longo prazo que integrem elementos ecológicos e abióticos, a fim de obter uma compreensão mais completa da ecologia desse poliqueta e ajudar a gerenciar a biodiversidade marinha do PEJX.
Novelties from a cave lace bug (Heteroptera, Tingidae): first nymphal description with a discussion on the morphological patterns of Vianaidinae immatures
Authors: Guidoti Marcus , Barcellos Aline , Ferreira Rodrigo L.
Published: June 2014

A nymph of Thaumamannia Drake & Davis, 1960, a rare vianaidine genus known only from adults, is described by the first time. The specimens were collected in the soil and walls of caves located in the state of Pará, Brazil. This is the first record of Vianaidinae for Brazil. The T. vanderdrifti fifth instar is compared with the same stadium of Anommatocoris coleopteratus (Kormilev, 1955), the only other vianaidine nymph described so far, and patterns between them and within the family are also discussed.
Correlations and path analysis of yield components in cowpea
Authors: Santos Adriano dos , Ceccon Gessí , Davide Livia Maria Chamma , Correa Agenor Martinho , Alves Valdecir Batista
Published: June 2014

Obtaining correlations and direct and indirect effects of yield components is important for the selection of promising parental and segregating populations. The objective of this research was to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic correlations, and to analyze the direct and indirect effects of yield components on grain yield in 20 cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with 20 treatments and 4 replications. The character showed low to moderate possibility of gain from indirect selection, with greater possibility for success when joining multiple character and a genotype of better performance.
Selection of coffee progenies for resistance to nematode Meloidogyne paranaensis in infested area
Authors: Salgado Sonia Maria Lima , Rezende Juliana Costa de , Nunes José Airton Rodrigues
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to select Coffea arabica progenies for resistance to M. paranaensis in an infested coffee growing area using Henderson's mixed model methodology. Forty-one genotypes were selected at the Coffee Active Germplasm Bank of Minas Gerais, and evaluated in regard to stem diameter, number of plagiotropic branches, reaction to the nematode, and yield per plant. There was genetic variability among the genotypes studied for all the traits evaluated, and among the populations studied for yield and reaction to the nematode, indicating possibilities for obtaining genetic gains through selection in this population. There was high rate of genotypic association between all the traits studied. Coffee plants of Timor Hybrid UFV408-01 population, and F3 progenies derived from crossing Catuaí Vermelho and Amphillo MR 2161 were the most promising in the area infested by M. paranaensis.
Long-term results of a clinical trial comparing isolated vaginal stimulation with combined treatment for women with stress incontinence
Authors: Fürst Maria Cláudia Bicudo , Mendonça Rafaela Rosalba de , Rodrigues Alexandre Oliveira , Matos Leandro Luongo de , Pompeo Antônio Carlos Lima , Bezerra Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2014

Objective To determine the efficacy of stress urinary incontinence treatments adding pelvic floor muscle training to vaginal electrical stimulation.Methods Forty-eight women with stress urinary incontinence were randomized into 2 groups: 24 underwent isolated vaginal electrical stimulation, and 24 vaginal electrical stimulation plus pelvic floor muscle training. History, physical examination, voiding diary, perineum strength test, and urodynamic study were assessed. Comparisons were made for adherence to treatment, muscle strength improvement, urinary symptoms, and degree of satisfaction immediately, 12 and 96 months after treatment.Results Patients’ degree of satisfaction on vaginal electrical stimulation, and on vaginal electrical stimulation plus pelvic floor muscle training immediately, 12 and 96 months post treatment, were, respectively: 88.2%versus 88.9% 64.7% versus 61.1% and 42.9% versus 28.6% (p>0.05).Conclusion Vaginal electrical stimulation associated to pelvic floor muscle training did not show better results than vaginal electrical stimulation alone.
Cost estimate of hospital stays for premature newborns of adolescent mothers in a Brazilian public hospital
Authors: Mwamakamba Lutufyo Witson , Zucchi Paola
Published: June 2014

Objective : To estimate the direct costs of hospital stay for premature newborns of adolescent mothers, in a public hospital.Methods : A cost estimate study conducted between 2009 and 2011, in which direct hospital costs were estimated for premature newborns of adolescent mothers, with 22 to 36 6/7 gestational weeks, and treated at the neonatal unit of the hospital.Results : In 2006, there were 5,180 deliveries at this hospital, and 17.8% (922) were newborns of adolescent mothers, of which 19.63% (181) were admitted to the neonatal unit. Out of the 181 neonates, 58% (105) were premature and 80% (84) of them were included in this study. These 84 neonates had a total of 1,633 days in-patient hospital care at a total cost of US$195,609.00. Approximately 72% of this total cost (US$141,323.00) accounted for hospital services. The mean daily costs ranged from US$97.00 to US$157.00.Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the average cost of premature newborns from adolescent mothers was US$2,328.00 and varied according to birth weight. For those weighing <1,000g at birth, the mean direct cost was US$8,930.00 per stay as opposed to a cost of US$642.00 for those with birth weight >2,000g. The overall estimated direct cost for the 84 neonates in the study totaled US$195,609.00.
How to present and publish research results
Authors: Dekanski Aleksandar
Published: June 2014

The end of each research is to present its results to the public, especially
to those who are engaged in similar research. This is particularly true for
scientific research. Scientific paper is written report that contains a
presentation of the results of the original scientific research. Its format
is defined by centuries-old tradition of writing, the editorial practices of
the publishers, scientific ethics, accepted standards and requirements of
modern printing and publishing. Unfortunately, the experience of the
publishers and editors of scientific books and journals show that a large
number of submitted contributions are not meeting the minimum requirements to
be even considered. This article indicates the most important principles that
one should have in mind during creation of full text paper or presentation of
scientific results.
Ethnic-Specific Obesity Cutoffs for Diabetes Risk: Cross-sectional Study of 490,288 UK Biobank Participants
Authors: Ntuk Uduakobong E. , Gill Jason M.R. , Mackay Daniel F. , Sattar Naveed , Pell Jill P.
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE

To compare the relationship between adiposity and prevalent diabetes across ethnic groups in the UK Biobank cohort and to derive ethnic-specific obesity cutoffs that equate to those developed in white populations in terms of diabetes prevalence.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

UK Biobank recruited 502,682 U.K. residents aged 40–69 years. We used baseline data on the 490,288 participants from the four largest ethnic subgroups: 471,174 (96.1%) white, 9,631 (2.0%) South Asian, 7,949 (1.6%) black, and 1,534 (0.3%) Chinese. Regression models were developed for the association between anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference, percentage body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio) and prevalent diabetes, stratified by sex and adjusted for age, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and heart disease.

RESULTS

Nonwhite participants were two- to fourfold more likely to have diabetes. For the equivalent prevalence of diabetes at 30 kg/m2 in white participants, BMI equated to the following: South Asians, 22.0 kg/m2; black, 26.0 kg/m2; Chinese women, 24.0 kg/m2; and Chinese men, 26.0 kg/m2. Among women, a waist circumference of 88 cm in the white subgroup equated to the following: South Asians, 70 cm; black, 79 cm; and Chinese, 74 cm. Among men, a waist circumference of 102 cm equated to 79, 88, and 88 cm for South Asian, black, and Chinese participants, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Obesity should be defined at lower thresholds in nonwhite populations to ensure that interventions are targeted equitably based on equivalent diabetes prevalence. Furthermore, within the Asian population, a substantially lower obesity threshold should be applied to South Asian compared with Chinese groups.
Three Dimensional Analysis of Asymmetric Rolling with Flat and Inclined Entry
Authors: Wroński S. , Wierzbanowski K. , Wroński M. , Bacroix B.
Published: June 2014

The results of three-dimensional simulation of asymmetric rolling, using Finite Elements Method, are presented. The example case of low carbon steel is considered. The rolling asymmetry, considered in the present work, results from different angular velocities of two identical working rolls. The effects of asymmetry on stress and strain distributions, material bending and variations of normal force and torque exerted by rolls are calculated and discussed. A special emphasis is done on the influence of inclined entry of a rolled material, which can appear in sequential rolling. Such the entry can partly compensate the material bending during. The results of the present simulations show that optimum parameters can be found in order to minimize the effect of sheet curvature and to reduce the applied torque and normal rolling force.

The predicted internal stress distributions were applied next in the crystallographic deformation model; the predicted textures of symmetric and asymmetric rolling are in good agreement with experimental results.
Manufacturing of Ferritic Low-Silicon and Molybdenum Ductile Cast Iron with the Innovative 2PE- 9 Technique
Authors: Guzik E. , Kopyciński D. , Wierzchowski D.
Published: June 2014

The use of two cored wire injection methods (2PE- 9) and the unique application of a drum ladle as a treatment, transport and casting one, instead of a vertical treatment ladle are presented. Optimization parameters, like: length of nodulariser wire, treatment and pouring temperature have been shown. The influence of various treatment temperatures on magnesium recovery is demonstrated. The typical microstructure, mechanical properties and cost calculation of the ferritic ductile cast iron (type SiMo - EN-GJS-SiMo40-6 Grade) production according to EN 16124:2011 (E) are presented. Injection of two Ø 9 mm as well wires; cored in FeSi + Mg nodulariser mixture and inoculant master alloy into a drum ladle is a treatment method that can be used for the production of ferritic ductile cast iron (SiMo) melted in a coreless induction furnace.
Possibilities of Reclamation Microwave-Hardened Molding Sands with Water Glass
Authors: Stachowicz M. , Granat K.
Published: June 2014

The paper presents results of a research on identifying opportunities for effective reclamation of waste molding sand with water-glass, hardened by microwave heating. The molding sand applied in the tests was prepared with use of selected type 145 of sodium water-glass. The sand was sequentially processed by microwave hardening, cooling, thermal loading to 800°C, cooling to ambient temperature, crushing and mechanical reclamation. These stages create a closed processing loop. After each cycle, changes of tensile strength and bending strength were determined. Results of the study show that it is possible to activate surface of high-silica grains of waste foundry sand hardened with microwaves, provided that applied are appropriate processing parameters in successive operation cycles.
A Study of Non-Isothermal Kinetic Reaction for Vulcanization of Chloride Butyl Rubber via Phenol Formaldehyde Resin
Authors: He X. R. , Yu H. , Rong Y. Q. , Zhang R. , Huang G. S.
Published: June 2014

Brominated tert octyl phenol formaldehyde resin (PR) is an important cross linker for chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR). There are two competitive reactions in the vulcanization process of CIIR, the cross-linking reaction and the self-poly-condensation reaction of PR. The cross-linking density was measured by the equilibrium swelling method. The results showed: with the increasing of PR content, the cross-linking density increased when it was less than 10 phr, and decreased when the PR content exceeded 10 phr. The kinetics equation of cross-linking reaction and the self-poly-condensation reaction was obtained by non-isothermal DSC method. The results showed that the concentration index n2 of PR in the cross-linking reaction was far less than the concentration index n3 of PR in the self-poly-condensation reaction. The self-poly-condensation reaction was more sensitive to the concentration of PR. This explained that the cross-linking density was out of proportion with the cross linker PR content. The mechanical properties and the dynamic mechanical properties were investigated by the universal testing machine and the dynamic mechanical performance analysis (DMA), respectively. The results showed that the cross-linking density had a great impact on the mechanical properties and the dynamic mechanical properties, and the variation trend of the cross-linking density was further confirmed by the corresponding variation of the properties. When the PR content was 5 phr, the CIIR vulcanizates had better mechanical properties.
Conservation Genetics of an Endangered Lady’s Slipper Orchid: Cypripedium japonicum in China
Authors: Qian Xin , Li Quan-Jian , Liu Fen , Gong Mao-Jiang , Wang Cai-Xia , Tian Min
Published: June 2014

Knowledge about the population genetic variation of the endangered orchid, Cypripedium japonicum, is conducive to the development of conservation strategies. Here, we examined the levels and partitioning of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) diversity (109 loci) in five populations of this orchid to gain insight into its genetic variation and population structure in Eastern and Central China. It harbored considerably lower levels of genetic diversity both at the population (percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) = 11.19%, Nei’s gene diversity (H) = 0.0416 and Shannon’s information index (I) = 0.0613) and species level (PPL = 38.53%, H = 0.1273 and I = 0.1928) and a significantly higher degree of differentiation among populations (the proportion of the total variance among populations (Φpt) = 0.698) than those typical of ISSR-based studies in other orchid species. Furthermore, the Nei’s genetic distances between populations were independent of the corresponding geographical distances. Two main clusters are shown in an arithmetic average (UPGMA) dendrogram, which is in agreement with the results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) analysis and the STRUCTURE program. In addition, individuals within a population were more similar to each other than to those in other populations. Based on the genetic data and our field survey, the development of conservation management for this threatened orchid should include habitat protection, artificial gene flow and ex situ measures.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer beyond Biomarkers: The Evolving Landscape of Clinical Trial Design
Authors: Dimou Anastasios , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki
Published: June 2014

The approval of EGFR and ALK directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors materialized the concept of tailoring therapy on the basis of specific biomarkers for treating patients with NSCLC. Research for other biologics, although demonstrating clinical benefit, has been less successful so far for producing biomarkers that predict response. Blocking angiogenesis is the prototype for the agents that belong in the latter group that target specific molecules, yet they are currently approved for relatively unselected groups of patients. In order to meet the goal of personalizing care in the various settings of NSCLC, a wealth of biologics and compounds are currently being tested in clinical trials in different phases of clinical development. In a subset of the relevant studies, a biomarker perspective is appreciated. This review summarizes the clinical rationale of the major ongoing phase II and III NSCLC studies that employ targeting specific molecules with novel agents, as well as innovative strategies, and includes a comparative discussion of the different designs.
Host Pathogen Relations: Exploring Animal Models for Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Harwood Catherine , Rao Reeta
Published: June 2014

Pathogenic fungi cause superficial infections but pose a significant public health risk when infections spread to deeper tissues, such as the lung. Within the last three decades, fungi have been identified as the leading cause of nosocomial infections making them the focus of research. This review outlines the model systems such as the mouse, zebrafish larvae, flies, and nematodes, as well as ex vivo and in vitro systems available to study common fungal pathogens.
Novel Preclinical and Radiopharmaceutical Aspects of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC: A New PET Tracer for Imaging of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Eder Matthias , Neels Oliver , Müller Miriam , Bauder-Wüst Ulrike , Remde Yvonne , Schäfer Martin , Hennrich Ute , Eisenhut Michael , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Haberkorn Uwe , Kopka Klaus
Published: June 2014

The detection of prostate cancer lesions by PET imaging of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has gained highest clinical impact during the last years. 68Ga-labelled Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC ([68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC) represents a successful novel PSMA inhibitor radiotracer which has recently demonstrated its suitability in individual first-in-man studies. The radiometal chelator HBED-CC used in this molecule represents a rather rarely used acyclic complexing agent with chemical characteristics favourably influencing the biological functionality of the PSMA inhibitor. The simple replacement of HBED-CC by the prominent radiometal chelator DOTA was shown to dramatically reduce the in vivo imaging quality of the respective 68Ga-labelled PSMA-targeted tracer proving that HBED-CC contributes intrinsically to the PSMA binding of the Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx) pharmacophore. Owing to the obvious growing clinical impact, this work aims to reflect the properties of HBED-CC as acyclic radiometal chelator and presents novel preclinical data and relevant aspects of the radiopharmaceutical production process of [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC.
The Role of Intermediation in the Governance of Sustainable Chinese Web Marketing
Authors: Choi Yongrok , Gao Di
Published: June 2014

This paper identifies the factors necessary for the sustainable performance of two Chinese web marketing companies. The companies are Alibaba and its twin, Taobao. This research is based on the structural equation model (SEM). The paper analyzes the core governance factors of Chinese trust (Guanxi) from outperforming web marketing mix strategies to determine if Guanxi can be applied to other web community marketing strategies. The empirical tests, in general, show the web marketing mix is important to create values in China. Three other web marketing strategies—communication, content, and commerce incorporate Guanxi with full mediation effects. Some implications concerning trust enhancement by the Chinese government and web companies are suggested.
THE USE OF AHP METHOD FOR SELECTION OF SUPPLIER
Authors: Hruška Roman , Průša Petr , Babić Darko
Published: June 2014

To increase flexibility in today’s global marketplace is needed to remain competitive and respond to rapidly changing markets. From that point of view, supplier selection represents one of the most important functions to be performed by the purchasing department. The supplier selection is a multi-criterion problem which includes both quantitative and qualitative criteria. In order to select the best suppliers, it is necessary to make a trade off between these criteria. The article deals with supplier selection using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP provides a framework for making effective decisions in complex decision situations (e.g. vendor selection), helps to simplify and accelerate the natural process of decision making. AHP is a method of decomposition of complex unstructured situation into simpler components, thus creating a hierarchical system problem. The paper describes the general design of model supplier selection using the AHP with an application of the proposed model in a manufacturing company that selects a suitable supplier of three potential suppliers. The aim of this paper is to understand the strategic operating decision area of the supplier selection process and to aid decision makers with varying degrees of importance to reach consensus in rating alternative suppliers.
Determination of Pull Out Capacity of Small Ground Anchor Using Data Mining Techniques
Authors: Samui Pijush
Published: June 2014

The determination of pull out capacity (Q) of small ground anchor is an imperative task in civil engineering. This chapter employs three data mining techniques (Genetic Programming [GP], Gaussian Process Regression [GPR], and Minimax Probability Machine Regression [MPMR]) for determination of Q of small ground anchor. Equivalent anchor diameter (Deq), embedment depth (L), average cone resistance (qc) along the embedment depth, average sleeve friction (fs) along the embedment depth, and Installation Technique (IT) are used as inputs of the models. The output of models is Q. GP is an evolutionary computing method. The basic idea of GP has been taken from the concept of Genetic Algorithm. GPR is a probabilistic non-parametric modelling approach. It determines the parameter from the given datasets. The output of GPR is a normal distribution. MPMR has been developed based on the principal mimimax probability machine classification. The developed GP, GPR, and MPMR are compared with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This chapter also gives a comparative study between GP, GPR, and MPMR models.
A Layered Parameterized Framework for Intelligent Information Retrieval in Dynamic Social Network using Data Mining
Authors: Sonkar Shailendra Kumar , Bhatnagar Vishal , Challa Rama Krishna
Published: June 2014

Dynamic social networks contain vast amounts of data, which is changing continuously. A search in a dynamic social network does not guarantee relevant, filtered, and timely information to the users all the time. There should be some sequential processes to apply some techniques and store the information internally that provides the relevant, filtered, and timely information to the users. In this chapter, the authors categorize the social network users into different age groups and identify the suitable and appropriate parameters, then assign these parameters to the already categorized age groups and propose a layered parameterized framework for intelligent information retrieval in dynamic social network using different techniques of data mining. The primary data mining techniques like clustering group the different groups of social network users based on similarities between key parameter items and by classifying the different classes of social network users based on differences among key parameter items, and it can be association rule mining, which finds the frequent social network users from the available users.
Impact Simulation of a Crashworthy Composite Fuselage Section with Energy-Absorbing Floor
Authors: Luo Hai Bo , Yan Ying , Meng Xiang Ji , Zhang Tao Tao , Liang Zu Dian
Published: June 2014

A 7.8m/s vertical drop simulate of a full composite fuselage section was conducted with energy-absorbing floor to evaluate the crashworthiness features of the fuselage section and to predict its dynamic response to dummies in future. The 1.52m diameter fuselage section consists of a high strength upper fuselage frame, one stiff structural floor and an energy-absorbing subfloor constructed of Rohacell foam blocks. The experimental data from literature [6] were analyzed and correlated with predictions from an impact simulation developed using the nonlinear explicit transient dynamic computer code MSC.Dytran. The simulated average acceleration did not exceed 13g, by contrast with experimental results, whose relative error is less than 11%. The numerical simulation results agree with experiments well.
Numerical Study of the inside Flow Field and the Rectangle Channel Impeller of Roto-Jet Pump
Authors: Zang Wei , Li Xin Cheng , Chen Yi , Luo Yu Ting
Published: June 2014

By means of ANSYS-CFX, the 3D numerical simulations of flow field for the three hydraulic models are performed. Through comparing the three types of pumps with three different rectangle channel impellers which have different spread angle, blade, the authors draw conclusions: the distribution of the pressure and velocity in the rectangle flow channels with 6° spread angle is well-proportioned, the head and the efficiency of the whole pump can meet the requirement: But the other two types of impeller channels, the distribution of velocity is unstable, there are backflow and big whirlpool. Therefore, the rectangle channel impeller with 6°spread angle is a better type for the Roto-Jet pump.
Research on Simulation Analysis of Plug-In Hybrid Light Bus Powertrain
Authors: Yin Ting Ting , Cheng Wei , Xu Kun , Gu Kai , Zhang Xiao Jie
Published: June 2014

This paper introduces powertrain structure and working principle of the plug-in hybrid light bus. Simulation analysis of powertrain is also considered with light bus parameters, design objective, and matching of components parameter. It is shown that the vehicle's dynamic performance and economic performance can meet the performance requirements. It provides reference and theoretical basis for powertrain development of plug-in hybrid light bus.
Simulation of Roll-Over Protective Structure and Falling Object Protective Structure Tests on Heavy-Duty Mining Dump Truck
Authors: Zhao Xuan , Zhang Wen Ming , Yang Jue
Published: June 2014

For evaluating the safety of the 220t dump truck cab, the roll-over protective structure/falling object protective structure with welding frame made up square steel tube is tested. The finite element model of the frame is developed. The static loading and impact loading simulations are launched by ABAQUS with ISO standard methods. The results show that all parameters accord the requirement. The welding frame cab can survive and protect the operator in roll-over or falling situation. It is a feasible, economical and flexible scheme for heavy-duty dump truck.
Design of the MEMS-Based Straight-Beam Micromirror Using a Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Chen Qing Hua , Li Yan Mei , Chen Ying Jun , Wu Wen Gang
Published: June 2014

A system for optimizing the design of a MEMS mirror that meets a set of specified constraints has been developed to optimally serve optical fiber-based networking applications. An optimization algorithm based on genetic algorithms was implemented for the complex nature of the work. FEM verifications reveal that the optimizing results show a good agreement with the simulated result.
Physical Interaction Design with the Tactile Materials - The Case Study of Visually Impaired Camera
Authors: Guo Yong Yan , Liu Miao , Zhou Mei Yu
Published: June 2014

Due to limitations of technical and concepts, designers usually lack of concern for the visually impaired group. Tangible interaction and physical interaction are rapidly developing fields in the human-computer interaction research. This paper analyzes the concept of physical interaction techniques and investigates the behaviors and psychological characteristics of visually impaired group. By analyzing the design case, we study the process and methods of the physical interactive products.
Numerical Simulation of the Flow Characteristics of 35t/h Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed
Authors: Chen Yu Lin , Wang Qing , Liu Cong Cong , Ge Jian Xin
Published: June 2014

The gas-solid flow characteristics of the 35t/h oil shale-combustion circulating fluidized bed boiler (Developed by Wangqing Longteng Energy Development Co., Ltd) was simulated using Eulerian-Eulerian model (EEM), which was based on the kinetic theory of granular. The distribution of particle volume fraction and the distribution of particle velocity revealed the mechanism of the internal recirculation flow of particles in the furnace. The simulation results provided a reference for the flow structure optimization of the inner circulating fluidized bed and the enlargement of the inner circulating fluidized bed boiler.
Self-Healing Effect Caused by Accelerated Carbonation of Thermally Damaged Cement Mortar: Changes in Microstructural and Macroscopic Properties
Authors: Pham Son Tung , Prince William
Published: June 2014

The objective of this work was to examine the influence of accelerated carbonation on the microstructural and macroscopic properties of thermally damage cement mortar. A normalised CEM II mortar was treated at 500°C then submitted to carbonation at 20°C, 65% relative humidity and 20% of CO2 concentration. The pores size distributions were determined from nitrogen adsorption. We also followed changes in electrical resistivity and ultrasonic velocity. The results showed that losses of macroscopic properties caused by cracks appeared at high temperature were restored due to carbonation. This highlighted the self-healing effect by accelerated carbonation which allowed the thermally damaged mortar to recover its initial properties.
Nighttime Motion Vehicle Detection Based on Multiple Instance Learning
Authors: Zhu Shao Ping
Published: June 2014

In this paper, we propose an effective approach for detecting moving vehicles in nighttime traffic scenes. We use Multiple Instance Learning method to automatically detect vehicle from video sequences by constructing the Multiple Instance Learning model at nighttime. At first, we extract SIFT feature using SIFT feature extraction algorithm, which is used to characterize moving vehicles at nighttime. Then Multiple Instance Learning model is used for the on-road detection of vehicles at nighttime, in order to improve the detection accuracy, the class label information was used for the learning of the Multiple Instance Learning model. Final experiments were performed and evaluate the proposed method at nighttime under urban traffic condition, the experiment results show that the average detection accuracy is over 96.2%, which validates that the proposed vehicle detection approach is feasible and effective for the on-road detection of vehicles at nighttime and identification in various nighttime environments.
Research on Aero-Engine Gas Path Detection System Based on Electrostatic Induction
Authors: Liu Jian Ying , Liu Peng Fei
Published: June 2014

A large number of charged particles exist in the aero-engine gas path, the electrostatic monitoring technology mainly monitors the electrostatic charge in the exhaust gas of aero-engine by arranging an electrostatic sensor, and predicts the performance and working state of gas path components by using signal process algorithms and intelligent decision model. Considering the characteristics of the aero-engine gas path and the requirements of the gas path parameter detection, an electrostatic induction-based electrostatic sensor is built to detect the anomalously charged particles in the gas path on line, providing an important basis for aero-engine Prognostics and Health Management (PHM). Simulation experiments are implemented to investigate the time response and frequency characteristic of the output signals of the sensor and analyze the influence factors.