bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of Soil Moisture Regime of Relay Grass Pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) to Seed Priming and Foliar Fertilization in New Alluvial Zone of West Bengal
Authors: Banerjee Purabi , Kumari V. Visha , Nath Rajib
Published: March 2022

Background: Indian agricultural sector requires a huge consumption of total available water for the sake of optimum crop production. The modern era of water scarcity necessitates the escalation of water use efficiency of crops to secure higher portion of economic harvests per drop use of water in agriculture. Against this background, it is requires to introduce lesser water consuming crops like pulses, oilseeds etc with innovative and cost-effective agronomic interventions for the purpose of contributing towards conservation of more water. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at District Seed Farm, ‘A-B’ Block of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, during subsequent winter seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the effect of seed priming with molybdenum and foliar fertilization on moisture utilization of relay grass pea, variety Ratan (Bio L-212) without irrigation, using seed priming with Ammonium molybdate and foliar spray of 2% Urea and 0.5% NPK (19:19:19) in different combinations. Result: Maximum water use efficiency of 16.65 and 14.80 kg ha-1 mm-1 in the respective years were recorded with seed priming combined with twice foliar spray of 0.5% NPK (19:19:19) with the highest yield and moisture consumption. Total soil moisture content was found to be an exponential function of dry aerial biomass, but shared a polynomial correlation with leaf area index at different growth stages of grass pea. However, water use efficiency exhibited strong and polynomial correlation with seed yield and stover yield of grass pea in both the years. The combination of seed priming with Ammonium molybdate @ 0.5 g kg-1 seed along with a twice foliar spray of 0.5% NPK (19:19:19) will be a profitable technology for the relay grass pea growers in new alluvial zone of West Bengal.
Resource Conservation Technologies in Era of Climate Change: A Review
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Kumar Ravinder
Published: March 2022

Declining per capita land, water and other resources triggered by changing climate and increasing population need resource conservation technologies (RCTs) for agricultural sustainability. This paper has presented findings from recent research on resource conservation technologies that have been attempted in different regions of India. The superiority of resource conservation technologies (RCTs) such as laser land leveling, zero tillage, bed planting, direct seeded rice, leaf colour chart, green seeker and crop diversification over conventional methods of cultivation practices is evaluated in terms of saving of energy, water and labour, increase in crop yield, water productivity, nutrient-use efficiency, net returns and making agriculture climate smart. Zero tillage with residue retention increase soil organic carbon sequestration, conserve soil moisture and lower soil temperature thus making agriculture climate smart. Direct seeded rice is solution for labour scarcity, excessive water and fuel use in transplanted rice. Use of leaf colour chart saves nitrogenous fertilizers. Laser land leveling and bed planting practices increase water productivity and crop yield over conventional practices. But the machinery required for adoption of RCTs are heavy and costly, so the study has suggested the use of machines on co-operative basis and also the wider scale testing of new technologies under diverse production systems.
Optimization of 17α-Methyl Testosterone Dose in Artemia Nauplii and Rotifer using Enrichment Technique
Authors: Bhosle R.V. , Kumar J.S. Sampath , Antony Cheryl , Aanand S. , Senthilkumar V. , Lingam R.S.S.
Published: March 2022

Background: The present study explored the possibility of using live feed, as vector for supplementing the androgenic hormone in aquaculture seed production. Methods: The study consisted of five treatment doses of 17α-methyl testosterone namely; control (without hormone), T1 (20 mg L-1), T2 (40 mg L-1), T3 (60 mg L-1) and T4 (80 mg L-1) and each were triplicated. The doses were tested in the live feed of Artemia nauplii and rotifer by following completely randomized design. The Artemia nauplii (Artemia salina), collected by hatching the Artemia cyst and 5-8 days old rotifers, collected from mass culture unit of rotifer, were released in their respective treatment doses at 100 and 800 individuals/ml, respectively. Result: The study found significant difference in accumulation of hormone in the tissues of live feed at different time intervals. In Artemia, significantly higher amount of 17α-MT (15.33±0.09 mg L-1) was observed in 80 mg L-1 group at 24 h. In rotifer, significantly higher value of 17α-MT (17.42±0.06 mg L-1) was recorded in 60 mg L-1 group at 6 h. The level of 17α-MT in Artemia nauplii and rotifer started showing a decreasing trend in 24 h and 6 h, respectively. Overall the findings of the present study support that supplementation of hormone through live feed is possible as live feed accumulated 17α-MT in its tissue after enrichment which can be further explored for producing all-male population in a more sustainable way.
​Laurocerasus officinalis Roem: Biochemical Parameters and Antioxidant Components in Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Yegin S. Çiftçi , Güder A.
Published: March 2022

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the in vivo antidiabetic activity of Laurocerasus officinalis Roem. Because this fruit is used as antidiabetic natural products in Middle and Eastern Black Sea Reagon, Turkey. Methods: Ascorbic acid, lycopene, β-carotene and vitamin E contents of extract were determined. Also, GSH, nitrite-nitrate, ascorbic acid, MDA, catalase and lipid-linked sialic acid experiments were performed as in vivo trials. Result: The fresh and dried samples of taflan were found as rich sources of ascorbic acid (240.4 and 334.1 mg/100 g samples, respectively) and â-carotene (321.58 and 462.35 µg/100 g samples, respectively). However, lycopene and vitamin E contents in fruit not detected. The taflan has a positive effect (8.1%) on weight-loss of diabetic group (DLO). Moreover, taflan application had a pronounced effect on the blood glucose level decreasing (54.2%) after STZ application. Also, it regulated the MDA level (1.96 nmol/L) in diabetic rats according to diabetic group (2.41 nmol/L). Nitrite levels have been found as 1.92, 1.84, 1.97 and 2.02 ppm and nitrate levels as 6.91, 6.72, 9.29 and 11.46 ppm for the same samples, respectively. While ascorbic acid levels of blood serum samples were determined as 28.03, 29.47, 27.70 and 24.43 µg/mL, catalase levels were found as 0.604, 0.758, 0.479, 0.286 (mU/L), respectively. According to the obtained results, Laurocerasus officinalis Roem might have therapeutic antidiabetic effect, which suggest its bioactive components as candidate of natural pharmaceuticals.
A Survey of the Ectoparasites Found on Wild Birds in Northwest Turkey
Authors: Girisgin O. , Girisgin A.O. , Cimenlikaya N. , Saygin B.
Published: March 2022

Background: Turkey is home to various resident and migratory wild bird species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ectoparasites found on 188 injured or rescued resident and migratory wild birds from Bursa and surroundings between 2015 and 2019. Methods: Sampled birds were examined for different ectoparasites and all of the collected parasites were placed into tubes containing 70% ethyl alcohol. After mounting onto slides or fixing onto a plate, each parasite was identified to species using a light or stereo microscope. Result: Results revealed that 88 (46.8%) of the examined wild birds were infested with one or two of 3 different species of ectoparasites. The species identified were 38 lice, three ticks and two flies. The lice were highly prevalent (40.4%) species than the flies (2.1%) and ticks (2.1%). The results also first geographically documented the lice and ked fly species as follows, with additional new host records: Fulicoffula gallinula and Pseudomenapon pilosum in the common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus); Ciconiphilus decimfasciatus in the grey heron (Ardea cinerea); Saemundssonia clayae in the Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola); Ardeicola ixobrychae in the common little bittern (Ixobrychus minutus) and the ked fly as Ornithophila metallica in the Eurasian magpies (Pica pica) in Turkey. The study results provided valuable data on the ectoparasites living on migratory and resident bird species during their migration throughout northwest Turkey. Further research on the related pathogens that these ectoparasites harbor is in need.
THE FOUNDATION OF DEVELOPING CHARACTER BUILDING IN HAMZANWADI NAHDHADUL WATHAN DINIYAH ISLAMIYAH (NWDI) ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL IN EAST LOMBOK
Authors: Badrun Badrun
Published: March 2022

The issues of character-building quality and morality in Indonesia still become everyday tasks. A high rate of crime and violence occurs in ordinary people's life. Many younger generations, particularly school-age kids, were engaged in promiscuity, brawls, fight, et cetera. Thus, for solving the youth generation problem from an early age, improving character building is necessary. Islamic boarding school has a very strategic role in building character. The study is qualitative research with a study case in Hamzanwadi Nahdhadul Wathan Diniyah Islamiyah (NWDI) Islamic boarding school through an interview, thorough discussion, and direct observation in the research site. The study shows that the foundations for developing character building are religious, philosophical, and empirical. These three foundations make Hamzanwadi Diniyah Islamiyah (NWDI) Pancor Islamic boarding school still exists and become exemplary for other Islamic boarding schools in developing character building. The character built corresponds to the expectation of the Islamic boarding school founder
Effects of Demographic Factors on Population Dynamics in Imo State, Nigeria; Implications for Farm Labor Availability and Supply
Authors: UG Anyanwu , EE Osuji , IUO Nwaiwu , AC Tim-Ashama , CC Ibekwe , MO Osuala , EU Eze , CN Praise
Published: March 2022

The study assessed the effects of demographic factors on population dynamics in Imo State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used select 60 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the ordinary least square regression technique. Results showed that the area was dominated by female farmers 56.7%, and are married 66.7%. Most of the farming lands used was inherited, with more of hired laborers 76.7% used due to rural-urban drift. Results also showed that over 70% of the people migrated from rural to urban communities. Result further showed that age, gender, educational status, income level and poverty index were important and significant factors affecting population dynamics (expressed as index of rural–urban migration). The study recommended the crop farmers to join cooperative societies to raise funds to support large-scale production while the government is to provide basic rural infrastructures to checkmate rural-urban drift in the area.
Latin American Economy at the Start of Digital Modernization
Authors: Yakovlev P.
Published: March 2022

In the context of the ongoing reformatting of world economic relations, Latin American countries have increased opportunities for technological upsurge and digital modernization of key sectors of national economies. At the same time, Latin American entrepreneurs and politicians seek to act rationally and cautiously. In particular, in the energy sector, the states of the region are trying to combine the transition to carbon neutrality based on the predominant use of new technologies and renewable energy carriers with the intensive exploitation of traditional energy sources, including conventional and shale hydrocarbons. In the mining industry, the main task of Latin American countries is to decarbonize the production process with the help of “green” hydrogen and the most advanced methods of extraction and processing of raw materials. Of global importance are the huge reserves of lithium located in Latin America, without which the further deployment of the technological revolution is extremely difficult. This explains the significant interest shown by transnational corporations in the development of deposits of the “lithium triangle”. In the field of agriculture in Latin America, profound changes are taking place, the system of so-called precision farming is shaping. The role of Latin American countries (primarily Brazil) as suppliers of food to the world market is constantly increasing. All this, and much more, signals new trends in the region that change its usual economic appearance. As shown in the article, the rapid growth of the technology sector in Latin America based on digitalization, “green” energy and precision farming can lead to a deep modernization of the key sectors of the economy and ensure the transition of the region to the “new business normal”, which is the consistent structural transformation and adaptation of Latin American countries to post-Covid world economic realities.
Danish People’s Party and Danish Immigration Policy Transformation
Authors: Badaeva A.
Published: March 2022

The author explores the history of the Danish People’s Party and its effect on Danish immigration policy. The DPP was founded in 1995. It successfully continued the anti-immigration course of the Danish Progress Party fallen into disrepair. The Danish People’s Party represented a synthesis of several political currents: the Lutheran movement Tidehverv and its journal, intellectual nationalists from the Danish Association, and conservative populists from the Progress Party. The DPP seeks to drastically reduce non-Western immigration, opposes Islamization and favors cultural assimilation of immigrants. For 25 years, the Danish People’s Party has managed to maneuver between establishment parties and their small partners in the complicated multi-party political system of Denmark. Dissociated from radical elements, the DPP has occupied a stable position on the right of the traditional bourgeois parties. It has broken the long-term influence of centrist parties, and especially radical left-wing parties, on Danish policy. Collaboration with liberal-conservative forces from 2001 to 2011 and from 2015 to 2019 was the most productive for the Party. The DPP played a key role in writing the rules and conditions for immigration in the immigration law that was established by the government in May 2002. Most importantly, the document provided for strong restrictions in immigration policies, which resulted in what is often described as Europe’s strictest immigration laws. The 24-year rule has drawn a lot of attention. Thanks to European migrant crisis, the 2015 general election was historic for the Danish People’s Party. It got unprecedented electoral support and became Denmark’s second largest political party. However, the Party suffered a major defeat in the 2019 general election, recording its worst result since the establishment by wining 8.7% of votes – down from 21% in 2015, for the following reasons: depletion of anti-immigrant rhetoric and seizing the traditional DPP initiative by the establishment, increased political competition and party’s collaboration with the Social Democrats, unexpected for the DPP voters.
Industrial Policy Priorities under Industry 4.0
Authors: Kondrat’ev V. , Popov V. , Kedrova G.
Published: March 2022

The analysis of the fourth industrial revolution outlines the structural changes arising in industries, as described by firm managers, scientists and consultants, as well as the literature on the fourth industrial revolution. It raises the need for new industrial policies, which are discussed in this paper. Structural changes arising in specific industries might have effects on other industries (due to complementarities) and on the whole economic system. Industrial policy must therefore be based on an analysis of productive processes, but also on analyses of the interactions between different productive processes. Favoring structural changes in one sector may have positive or negative impacts on other sectors; it may also impact upon the labour market, changing the skill required in the labour force, as well as wages. We argue that industrial policies are particularly needed when the economy experiences deep transformations, such as industrial revolutions. The advent of digital globalization is primarily driven by the technological progress induced by the fourth industrial revolution, but we believe that industrial revolutions are the result of complex transformations of the economy, the society and culture. We define industrial policy in a broad manner, as a set of actions aimed to favor structural changes in industries and orientating industrial development in specific directions. Such actions regard innovation, trade, intellectual property rights and antitrust; they also regard labour, because firms cannot upgrade or be created if they do not find the human capital they need for their operations. Looking at providing appropriate human capital means considering social policies, labour contracts and measures to favor the participation in the labour force. It also means considering education and training, because they determine the types of skills people will be able to develop.
Transformation of Big Pharma Business Models
Authors: Bereznoi A.
Published: March 2022

The article explores the main directions and drivers of transformation of Big Pharma business models over the last quarter century. Key features of the traditional blockbuster model are revealed in the context of the main trends in pharma business environment that might have an adverse impact on this model effectiveness, in particular skyrocketing R&D costs, massive patent cliffs and tightening regulatory pressure on drug prices. The author analyzes various adaptive strategies used by Big Pharma firms, including mega mergers and acquisitions, intensive globalization and expansion into emerging markets, and makes the conclusion that these strategic moves had a limited effect in bringing about lasting change. The key solution to industry challenges had been found on the way of reconsidering the dominant players’ business model. The author relates the emergence of the new specialty pharma model to the serious changes in the basic architecture of customer value creation, delivery and capture mechanisms. The rapid growth of specialty care drugs in the portfolios of Big Pharma companies led to dramatic shifts not only in the target customer audience but also in the fundamental approach that these firms had to take regarding customer interaction, promotion and distribution systems, as well as the way of making profit. Even more significant changes could be observed in R&D sphere where Big Pharma companies have been intensively developing symbiotic relationships with innovative biotechnological firms. Given their effective and flexible R&D mechanism, the dynamic biotech firms have already become the most attractive participants of Big Pharma emerging innovation ecosystems. The author concludes that most of today’s Big Pharma companies represent a hybrid business model meaning parallel development of the traditional blockbuster and the new specialty pharma models. This combination allows pharmaceutical giants to retain effective control over the rapidly changing global industry marketplace.
Temperature-based Climate Projections of Pinot noir Suitability in the Willamette Valley American Viticultural Area
Authors: Skahill Brian , Berenguer Bryan , Stoll Manfred
Published: March 2022

In this study, we consider the complete archive of the 32 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) daily Localized Constructed Analogs (LOCA) downscaled historic datasets and their observational data that were used for downscaling and bias corrections to develop an ensemble that optimises calculation of the growing season average temperature (GST) viticulture climate classification index throughout the Willamette Valley (WV) American Viticultural Area (AVA). Ensemble directed spatiotemporal calculations, using LOCA CMIP5 historic and RCP4.5 future datasets of minimum and maximum daily temperature, were performed throughout the WV AVA for the GST index and Pinot noir specific applications of the grapevine sugar ripeness (GSR) model at a 220 g/L target sugar concentration. The GST index and GSR model evaluations were calculated on a mean decadal basis from the 1950s to the 2090s for the WV AVA. The GST index and GSR model calculations both revealed a warming trend with time for the WV AVA. A 3.1 °C increase in the GST index is predicted from the 1950s to the 2090s. The GSR model indicated a rate advance of 2.9 days a decade from the 1960s to the 2080s. However, the application of the GST index and the GSR model portray markedly different characterisations about the suitability of Pinot noir throughout the WV AVA with time. A strong invertible relationship between the GST index and GSR model calculations is observed and exploited to update the Pinot noir specific lower and upper bounds (14.8 °C, 17.6 °C) for the GST index throughout the WV AVA. Pinot noir specific applications of the GSR model or the GST index with updated bounds indicate that the percent of the WV AVA area suitable for Pinot noir production is currently at or near its peak value in the upper 80s to the lower 90s.
O aparente controle social no âmbito da Administração Pública brasileira
Authors: Santos Pereira Guedes Luciana Kellen , Ferreira de Faria Edimur
Published: March 2022

Com esta pesquisa objetiva-se mostrar a inexistência de um controle social efetivo no Brasil e revelar que o controle social instituído no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro a partir da Constituição de 1988 é apenas aparente, em face da ausência de instrumentos necessários ou de estímulo à democracia participativa. Inicia-se com uma noção histórica do controle social e a implementação da democracia participativa na Constituição de 1988. Aponta-se o papel do controle social e analisam-se os institutos jurídicos à disposição da sociedade para fiscalizar as atividades dos entes estatais. Segue-se mostrando que, na verdade, esses institutos normativos dão apenas uma “aparência” de direito ao exercício do controle social. Identificam-se a ausência de instrumentos de fomento e de facilitação do controle social e a inexistência de proteção à população como fenômenos que obstacularizam o exercício de controle social efetivo. Esses mecanismos são necessários e inerentes ao controle social, sem os quais tornam sem força os enunciados que deles emanam. Ao final, defende-se a atuação efetiva do Estado na emissão de leis e atos infralegais, seja para a concretização de enunciados normativos existentes, seja para a introdução, no sistema jurídico brasileiro, de mecanismos novos de fortalecimento do controle social. O método de trabalho é o hipotético-dedutivo, e as investigações jurídico-interpretativa e jurídico-comparativa realizadas são eminentemente teóricas. O estudo teórico realizado está amparado por pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e visita a sítios institucionais, tendo como referencial teórico o filósofo Jacques Derrida, responsável pela introdução do estilo desconstrutivista. Os resultados apontam que o controle social do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro retrata uma democracia participativa aparente, voltada para atender aos interesses dos poderes político e econômico dominantes.
Os efeitos do mandado de injunção e da ação direta de inconstitucionalidade por omissão: a evolução da jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal até a ADO n.º 26/DF
Authors: Araujo Luiz Henrique Diniz
Published: March 2022

O presente trabalho, abordando o tema das omissões legislativas inconstitucionais, explicita os efeitos conferidos ao mandado de injunção e à ação direta de inconstitucionalidade por omissão quando reconhecida omissão legislativa inconstitucional. Nessa senda, o trabalho explora os efeitos de cada um desses instrumentos segundo o texto constitucional, a literatura jurídica e, em especial, a jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal, à luz da interpretação evolutiva (incrementalista) do texto constitucional
O regime jurídico dos contratos administrativos à luz do Código dos Contratos Públicos português
Authors: Anjos Azevedo Patrícia , De Campos Amorim José
Published: March 2022

Tal como aconteceu em outros ordenamentos jurídicos, também em Portugal se começou por criar uma complexidade e multiplicidade de relações jurídicas interadministrativas. Acompanhando a evolução dessas relações, foi necessário criar e aplicar um determinado regime jurídico para fazer face aos contratos direcionados à prossecução do interesse público e, neste sentido, dar uma resposta às várias questões decorrentes da contratualização dos poderes públicos. Tornou-se, assim, indispensável disciplinar o exercício do poder administrativo, enquadrar as prerrogativas dos poderes da Administração face aos particulares, sem nunca perder de vista a prossecução do interesse público. O Código dos Contratos Públicos português (CCP) não contém uma noção de contrato administrativo, mas apresenta os denominados fatores de administratividade, que são critérios de identificação e de classificação dos contratos administrativos. O presente contributo visa tecer algumas considerações sobre a diversidade de contratos administrativos à luz do CCP.
Homozygous LOXHD1 Nonsense Mutation (c.1787G>A; p.W596X) is Associated with Hearing Loss in an Iranian Family: A Case Report
Authors: Neissi Mostafa , Abdulzahra Husham , Sheikh-Hosseini Motahareh , Mabudi Hadideh , Mohammadi-Asl Javad , Al-Badran Raed
Published: March 2022

Hereditary hearing loss is the most common sensory neural disorder, which has been revealed to have high genetic heterogeneity. Herein, we aimed to figure out the underlying genetics of the subject from an Iranian deaf family. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of all known hearing loss genes was carried out in the proband of the family, followed by a cosegregation analysis of all members of the family. We recognized a novel homozygous pathogenic nonsense mutation, NM_001145472: c.1787G>A; p.W596X, in the LOXHD1 gene, and Sanger sequencing verified that this mutation segregated with the ARNSHL in the family. Our study showed a contribution of LOXHD1 variants to the NSHL in Iranian patients and provided a better understanding of the mutation spectrum of deafness in the Iranian population. Also, the present investigation supports the application of genetic testing in the clinical diagnosis and genetic counseling of deafness.
Standardization of a Non-Invasive MRI Assessment of Liver Iron Overload Using a Phantom Containing Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Bulanov Petr , Manzhurtseva Evelina , Menshchikov Petr , Kupriyanov Dmitry , Novichkova Galina , Tereshchenko Galina
Published: March 2022

Background: Liver iron overload is a common diagnosis in patients with frequent blood transfusions. MRI is a promising non-invasive method for assessing liver iron concentration. We have created an MR-compatible phantom to develop a method for the standardization of T2* mapping and following conversion of T2* values (ms) into iron concentration (mg/mL) for an assessment of overload grade. Methods and Results: The standardization process involved the development of an MR-compatible phantom with solutions of paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles of various concentrations mimicking various degrees of liver iron overload. Using this phantom, we assessed the repeatability of T2* values obtained on reference MRI scanners (3T and 1.5T) at the D. Rogachev NMRCPHOI on 6 MRI acquisitions with one-week intervals. To assess the reproducibility of the results obtained on other MRI scanners, we compared these measurements with the reference values. Conclusion: The method for the standardization of T2* mapping on various 1.5T and 3T MRI scanners was tested. This method is based on the use of our phantom to validate or calibrate (if necessary) the MRI study protocol. The standardization protocol provided an opportunity to use the empirical formula (revealed in our institute as well as in other studies) for converting T2* values from any MRI scanner into LIC (mg/mL).
Assessment of Radiation Exposure and Attributed Risk During Chest, Abdominal and Pelvic Computed Tomography Procedures
Authors: Mattar Essam
Published: March 2022

Adult patients' exposure and ascribed cancer risk were calculated using CT-Expo dosimetry software. A total of eight CT scanners and 395 examination patients were used in the study. The predicted effective dose values for chest CT, abdominal CT, and pelvic CT were 8.0mSv, 10.9mSv, and 5.6mSv, respectively. The estimated dose–length product to effective dose (ICRP 103) conversion coefficients for chest CT, abdominal CT, and pelvic CT were 0.020mSv•mGy-1, 0.016mSv•mGy-1, and 0.013mSv•mGy-1, respectively. In chest CT, organ doses were 16.6mSv (lung), 14.9mSv (esophagus), and 10.8mSv (breast); in abdominal CT: 15.5mSv (stomach) and 13.7mSv (liver); and in pelvic CT: 17.9mSv (bladder) and 11.3mSv (colon). The estimated cancer incident cases per million were 168 for lung cancer (chest CT) and 103 for stomach cancer (abdominal CT). The study allows comparing the risk of CT examinations to those of other radiological procedures.
Structure of Gynecological Diseases and Comorbidity in Women with HIV Infection and Reproductive Disorders
Authors: Leshchenko Olga , Bazyaeva Margarita , Genich Elena , Labygina Albina , Sholokhov Leonid
Published: March 2022

Background: The increase in the number of HIV-infected women of fertile age, as well as their reproductive plans to have healthy children, was the reason for studying the features of reproductive health disorders and comorbid conditions in women with HIV infection. Methods and Results: Women meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into two groups: Group 1 included 27 HIV-infected women (average age of 30.8±2.9 years) with reproductive disorders; Group 2 included 23 HIV-infected women (average age of 31.4±7.1 years) without reproductive disorders. In study groups, the main route of HIV transmission was sexual contact. When assigning women to a particular category (fertile or infertile), the WHO classification of fertility was used: fertile, presumably fertile, primarily infertile, secondarily infertile, women with unknown fertility. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of medical abortion in the HIV-infected women with secondary infertility [14(60.9%)], compared to Group 2 [8(29.6%)] (P=0.026). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of chronic co-morbidities (ENT disorders, gastritis/duodenitis, pancreatitis, cystitis, viral hepatitis (B, C), papillomavirus infection) in Groups 1 and 2 (P>0.05). The incidence of pelvic inflammatory diseases was 2 times higher in Group 1 than in Group 2. No statistically significant differences in the incidence of uterine myoma, chronic cervicitis, chronic endometritis, vulvovaginal candidiasis,, and cervical dysplasia were found. A significant prevalence of chronic salpingo-oophoritis, secondary dysmenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, opsomenorrhea, and secondary oligomenorrhea was detected significantly more frequently in Group 1 than in Group 2. The syndrome of hyperprolactinemia was also 2.6 times more frequent in Group 1 than in Group 2. Reproductive disorders in HIV-infected women were associated with a high incidence of STI combinations (trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia). Conclusion: Early detection of menstrual dysfunctions, prevention of abortion and sexually transmitted diseases, and timely treatment of infertility, are essential for women living with HIV.
Experimental Substantiation of Application of Autoplasma to Reduce Inflammatory Response to Implants in Herniology
Authors: Hryvenko Serhiy , Semenov Yuriy , Behma Mariia , Mahanta Abhijit , Usmanova Tamila , Dovgan Andrej
Published: March 2022

The article represents an experimental assessment of the effectiveness of the author's method of processing polypropylene mesh implants during their implantation in the tissue of the anterior abdominal wall (Patent of Ukraine No. 146133). It has been demonstrated that the use of the proposed new technology for processing polypropylene mesh implants with a biocompatible component, being a simple, safe, and effective method, optimizes reparative processes in the peri-implantation zone without deteriorating the mechanical properties of mesh implants (MI). All the discovered effects make it possible to increase biocompatibility and improve the survival rate of MI. The thickness of the inflammatory shaft around the elements of MI was significantly decreased, on average, by 28.4% (P<0.05) when using autogenous blood plasma.
Comparative Evaluation of Isolated and Complex Use of Hexetidine and Photoditazine in Combination with Ultrasound Therapy in the Treatment of Purulent Wounds under Experimental Conditions
Authors: Dragovoz Ivan , Zotov Dmitry , Zatolokina Maria , Grigoryan Arsen , Mishina Ekaterina , Tsymbalyuk Vadim
Published: March 2022

Background: Currently, despite the significant success of the pharmaceutical industry in producing drugs with antibacterial activity, the treatment of soft tissue diseases accompanied by purulent-inflammatory processes within them remains one of the topical problems of general surgery. Not only the widespread introduction of antibacterial agents in practical medicine, but also the steady increase in the resistance of microorganisms to existing drugs leads to the need to search for new combinations aimed at the local treatment of purulent wounds. The purpose of our work was to study the course of the wound process in a purulent wound by using hexetidine and photoditazine in combination with ultrasound treatment. Methods and Results: This experimental study was carried out on 144 male Wistar rats. The course of the wound process was evaluated on a model of a purulent wound. The animals were divided into 4 equal groups (36 animals in each group), depending on their treatment. Treatment was carried out using daily dressings for 15 days. The dynamics of changes in the area of the wound were assessed by the planimetry method. The percentage of area reduction of the wound was calculated. A histological examination of a skin area (1.0 cm×1.5 cm) taken in the zone of a simulated purulent wound was carried out on Days 5 and 10 of the experiment. our study confirmed the effectiveness of the use of hexetidine, photoditazine, and a combination of them, along with ultrasound treatment, in the local treatment of a purulent wound. At the same time, the combined effect of an antiseptic and a photosensitizer showed significantly better results in the first and second phases of the course of the wound process than did their isolated use.
Oxidative Stress Index Levels in Asian Adolescents with Exogenous-Constitutional Obesity
Authors: Darenskaya Marina , Rychkova Lyubov , Kolesnikov Sergey , Kravtsova Olga , Semenova Natalya , Brichagina Anastasia , Bliznyuk Alexandra , Yuzvak Natalya , Rashidova Maria , Kolesnikova Lyubov
Published: March 2022

The aim of this research was to evaluate the integral oxidative stress index (OSI) level in Asian girls and boys with exogenous-constitutional obesity. Methods and Results: A total of 170 Asian adolescents aged 12-18 years were examined: 26 girls and 28 boys with constitutional obesity (main group, MG); 59 girls and 57 boys - healthy adolescents (control group, CG). The levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products and antioxidant defense (AOD) parameters were detected using spectrophotometric and fluorometric methods. The level of LPO products and AOD components in the studied groups were assessed to calculate the integral OSI. Significant increases in the levels of primary LPO products (conjugated dienes by 2.18 times) and secondary LPO products (ketodienes and conjugated trienes by 2.48 times) in the obese Asian girls, compared with the control values, were observed. We found a significant decrease in the parameters of the AOD system in the obese Asian girls, compared with the control values: α-tocopherol (by 1.41 times; P=0.0262), retinol (by 1.12 times; P=0.0306), and SOD activity (by 1.28 times; P=0.0004). In the obese Asian boys, increased values of LPO components were found, compared to controls: conjugated dienes (by 2.13 times), ketodienes and conjugated trienes (by 3.4 times), final thiobarbituric acid reactants of LPO (by 1.24 times). They showed a statistically significant decrease in the level of α-tocopherol (by 1.49 times), compared with the control values. According to the obtained data, OSI in the group of Asian girls with obesity was 15.68 units, in the group of Asian boys with obesity - 22.89 units. The OSI in the group of Asian boys was higher (by 1.46 times) than in the obese girls. Conclusion: Certain OSI levels are consistent with the presence of antioxidant insufficiency in exogenous-constitutional obesity and allow us to specify and evaluate the ethnic aspect of the severity of the pathological process more reliably.
Analysis of the Association of 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A Gene Variants in Nicotine Addiction in the Yakut Population
Authors: Pavlova Nadezhda , Bochurov Aleksey , Alekseev Vladislav , Diakonova Aleksandra , Dodokhov Vladimir , Kurtanov Khariton
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the HTR2A 1438A/G (rs6311) SNP and the risk of nicotine addiction in Yakuts. Methods and Results: A total of 292 people of Yakut nationality were tested (77 women and 215 men). Two groups of examined persons were formed: smokers (n=141) and non-smokers (NS, n=151). To determine the association of the studied SNP with the degree of smoking, the smoker group was divided into two subgroups: Heavy smokers (HS) and Light smokers (LS). Subjects who were smokers were classified based on their consumption of cigarettes per day (cpd), as follows: LS (n=10), those who consumed between 1 and 10 cpd, and HS (n=131), those who consumed ≥20 cpd. The study of the HTR2A 1438A/G (rs6311) SNP was performed by PCR and RFLP analysis. The A allele of the HTR2A 1438A/G (rs6311) SNP was associated with more of a risk for the HS group than the LS. Using the A allele as a risk factor, RR analysis showed a significant association with a risk factor when comparing HS with LS (RR=1.086; 95% CI=1.032-1.142; P=0.049). The analysis of the OR and RR between the HS and LS showed that the AA and AG genotypes were associated with an increased risk for heavy smoking (OR=9.714; 95% CI=1.196-78.874; RR =1.126; 95% CI=1.027-1.235; P=0.026). We cannot dismiss the possibility that our results may reflect the small sample size. Despite this potential limitation, the significant associations should not be disregarded and merit further investigation for clarification of these results.
Frequency of the Risk A Allele of rs17713054 Localized in the 3p21.31 COVID-19 Risk Locus in the Yakut Population
Authors: Pavlova Nadezhda , Bochurov Aleksey , Alekseev Vladislav , Diakonova Aleksandra , Dodokhov Vladimir , Kurtanov Khariton
Published: March 2022

Background: Genome-wide association studies identified the region of chromosome 3p21.31 as having the strongest association with the severe COVID-19 and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of the risk A allele of rs17713054 localized in the 3p21.31 COVID-19 risk locus in Yakuts. Methods and Results: A total of 382 DNA samples from healthy Yakut volunteers (184 men and 198 women; the average age of 41.8±0.05 years) were examined. Our results show that the frequency of the risk A allele of the rs17713054 SNP in the Yakut population occurs at a frequency of 2% and generally corresponds to the frequency of East Asian populations (from 0% to 2%), geographically close to the Yakuts and belonging to the same Mongoloid race.
Ultrasonographic Measurement of Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Bedewi Mohamed , Elsifey Ayman , Naguib Moheyeldeen , Saleh Ayman , Al-Ghamdi Sameer , Alhariqi Bader , Aldossary Nasser , Abdelwahab Gehan , Nwihadh Naif , Abd-Elghany Amr , El-Bidawy Mahmoud
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the femoral cartilage thickness (FCT) by ultrasound in patients with knee osteoarthritis and compare them with those of healthy subjects. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study included 44 patients diagnosed with knee OA and 49 healthy subjects. The thickness of the femoral articular cartilage was measured using an L5-18 MHz linear probe. Measurements were taken from both knee joints in three regions: the medial condyle, lateral condyle, and intercondylar area. Our results showed thinner cartilage in OA patients than in the healthy subjects at the three examined locations bilaterally (medial condyle, lateral condyle, intercondylar area). Conclusion: Our study revealed thinner FCT in patients with knee OA than in healthy subjects. Further studies considering the stratification of different stages of OA could yield better results.
Shear Wave Elastography of the Sural Nerve in Healthy Subjects: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bedewi Mohamed , Kotb Mamdouh , Alhariqi Bader , Aldossary Nasser , El-sharkawy Mohamed , Awad Ezzat
Published: March 2022

The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential ability of shear wave elastography (SWE) to evaluate the sural nerve (SN) in healthy subjects. Methods and Results: Thirty-six SNs were evaluated in 18 healthy adult subjects. Subjects were examined in the prone position with the ankle in the neutral position, and the knees fully extended; a linear transducer was used [L18-4, MHZ] (EPIQ Elite SW 5.0.1, Philips). Nerve conduction studies were performed with the Nihon-Cohden Neuropack device. The mean cross sectional area of the SN at both sides was 4.03±1.16mm2. The mean shear elastic modulus of the right SN in the SA was 24.92±6.08 kPa, while in the LA it was 26.45±5.66 kPa. The mean shear elastic modulus of the left SN in the SA was 24.1±4.1 kPa [range 19-33.13], while in the long axis it was 23.9±4.9 kPa [range 16.4-30.77]. The cross sectional area of the SN correlated positively with height (P<0.05), weight (P<0.001), and body mass index (P<0.01). Conclusion: SWE could play a complementary role in future evaluation of SN pathologies.
Predicting Fetal Weight by Ultrasonography Using Hadlock Formula 1
Authors: Adam Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Background: Accurate fetal weight estimations by ultrasound are essential in determining the method and time of delivery. Hadlock formulas have been proposed for providing fetal weight estimations, including Hadlock 1, Hadlock 2, Hadlock 3, and Hadlock 4. Because none of the formulas have been verified, it is unknown which one can be best applied to the Saudi population. This study aims to determine the validity of the Hadlock formula 1 for EFW by using ultrasonography. Methods and Results: The study sample was 198 women with singleton pregnancies with gestational ages between 37 and 41 weeks, admitted for ultrasound evaluation. The FW was estimated by ultrasound using the Hadlock formula 1. After the ultrasound EFW, we followed up with the pregnant women within three days (from ultrasound scan to delivery date) and measured actual BW. The study found that the mean BW was 3179±387 g, ranging from 2500 g to 4290 g. The mean ultrasound EFW was 3055±378 g, ranging from 2500 g to 4100 g. The difference between the mean ultrasound EFW and actual BW (123.81±107.95 g) was significant (P=0.0014).The formula for prediction of birth weight is BW=0.9831EFW by ultrasound±175.55g. In addition, a significantly positive correlation was found between ultrasound EFW and BW (r=0.961, P=0.000). Conclusion: The significantly positive correlation between EFW by ultrasound and BW indicates that the Hadlock formula 1 for predicting FW is accurate, valid, and effective in the research environment.
Comparison of the Impacts of Insulin and Oral Treatment, with or without Dietary Control and Physical Activity Management, on the Carotid Intima-Media Thickness of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hamad Hassan , Gameraddin Moawia , Alshoabi Sultan , Adam Mohamed , Aloub Salah , Abdelmalik Bushra
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to assess carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) changes in relation to the treatment options of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods and Results: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 92 adults (57.61% female and 42.39% male) diagnosed with T2D with the mean age of 48.59±8.24 years and mean disease duration of 6.0±3.03 years. All patients were categorized into three groups according to the treatment types: Croup A included patients (n=21) treated with insulin injections; Group B included patients (n=33) treated with pills; and Group C included patients (n=38) treated with pills, dietary control, and regular exercise. The control group included 83 healthy people. High-resolution B-mode sonographic evaluations of common carotid arteries (CCAs) were performed. CIMT was measured at a point 1cm distal from the bulb of the carotid artery. The random blood glucose (RBG) test was performed at the time of the sonographic investigation. In T2D patients, the CIMT was significantly higher than in the healthy participants (P<0.001).The CIMT of the left CCA in Group C was significantly lower than in Groups A and B (P=0.033). The age of participants and the duration of T2D were significantly associated with increased CIMT (P=0.021 and P=0.015, respectively). Conclusion: Dietary control and physical activity should be considered significant factors in controlling CIMT in T2D.
Polycystic Ovarian Morphology: Diagnostic Criteria and Prevalence
Authors: Lazareva Lyudmila , Suturina Larisa
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this brief review was to systematize the current information on the diagnosis, prevalence, and ethnic aspects of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM). The information search was conducted using Internet resources (Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar) and literature sources for the period from January 1999 to August 2021. The review includes only full-text articles. Based on the analysis of the literature, we demonstrated that the diagnostic value of PCOM has changed since the moment of the first description of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Currently, ovarian size, ovarian volume and antral follicle count are key criteria for most PCOS phenotypes and complications. The diagnostic value of PCOM depends on age and racial characteristics, which requires large-scale epidemiological studies to determine PCOM characteristics in different populations. Standardizing PCOM diagnostic criteria is the key to PCOS effective diagnosis and, consequently, to preventing complications and comorbidities associated with PCOS.