bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Pluralism in Business Ethics Education: It is About Time
Authors: Burton Brian K. , Dunn Craig P. , Goldsby Michael
Published: March 2006

The teaching of business ethics is almost inherently pluralistic, but little evidence of explicitly pluralistic approaches exists in teaching materials besides the available decision-making frameworks. In this article, it is argued that the field needs to acknowledge and adopt pluralism as the standard pedagogical approach, whether the individual teacher uses a philosophical approach or a more applied approach, to best serve students and society. Examples of teaching approaches are offered, including attempts instructors have made to teach ethics in a pluralistic manner.
Using Challenge Course Activities to Teach Organizational Ethics
Authors: Goltz Sonia M. , Hietapelto Amy B.
Published: March 2006

Few learning experiences give students immediate feedback on ethical and unethical behaviors and provide opportunities to repeatedly practice effective behaviors. This article describes how the authors have used challenge course activities to stimulate students to observe their own and others’ ethical and unethical behaviors. Specifically, these exercises are used to (a) increase student engagement; (b) illustrate how culture emerges, particularly ethical or unethical norms; (c) generate discussion of pressures that lead to unethical behavior; (d) offer suggestions for creating groups with ethical norms; (e) develop students’ abilities to apply concepts and analyze behavior; and (f) increase student retention of organizational ethics concepts.
“Walk the Talk”: Developing Personal Ethical Agency Through a Business Partnership Program
Authors: Matherne Brett P. , Gove Steve , Forlani Victor , Janney Jay J.
Published: March 2006

This article proposes a pedagogical approach dedicated to help students develop personal ethical agency—the ability to make decisions that involve ethical dilemmas consistent with an individual’s ethical standards and professional standards of practice. The approach presented involves a tripartite gathering of students, business executives, and faculty in discussions of cases embedded with ethical dilemmas. Sessions highlight ethical issues that closely correspond with core components from courses. The article provides a description of personal ethical agency, the developmental stages of the Walk the Talk program, and assessment of the program and concludes with plans for future program development and expansion.
Designing and Introducing Ethical Dilemmas into Computer-Based Business Simulations
Authors: Schumann Paul L. , Scott Timothy W. , Anderson Philip H.
Published: March 2006

This article makes two contributions to the teaching of business ethics literature. First, it describes the steps involved in developing effective ethical dilemmas to incorporate into a computer-based business simulation. Second, it illustrates these steps by presenting two ethical dilemmas that an instructor can incorporate into any business simulation. Instructors who use business simulations in their courses can use the sample dilemmas as presented or modify them as desired or necessary to fit their course design and objectives. Instructors can also use the steps described to develop their own ethical dilemmas.
Creating Active Learning in the Classroom: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Auster Ellen R. , Wylie Krista K.
Published: March 2006

Excellence in teaching is now a competitive imperative atmost business schools. Management educators face the challenge of creating learning environments that engage, inspire, and motivate students to learn both the content and the skills they need. Focusing on four dimensions of the teaching process—context setting, class preparation, class delivery, and continuous improvement—this article offers a systematic approach and associated tips, tools, and techniques for creating active and high impact learning in the classroom.
Interdisciplinary, Team-Taught, Undergraduate Business Courses: The Impact of Integration
Authors: Ducoffe Sandra J. Smith , Tromley Cheryl L. , Tucker Michael
Published: March 2006

Given the widespread use and success of cross-functional teams in industry and the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business's focus on the importance of interdisciplinary education, many business schools have incorporated interdisciplinary elements into their curricula. This study examined current student and alumni perceptions of the value of interdisciplinary, teamtaught, undergraduate business courses. Of specific concern was the impact of perceived integration. Overall, the courses were perceived to have value. In addition, the more integrated the course, the more positively it was evaluated on every dimension. Practical and research implications are discussed.
Neuro-Genetic Design Optimization Framework to Support the Integrated Robust Design Optimization Process in CE
Authors: Öztürk Nursel , Yıldız Ali R. , Kaya Necmettin , Öztürk Ferruh
Published: March 2006

This article describes an integrated and optimized product design framework to support the design optimization applications in concurrent engineering (CE). The significant consideration is given to show the effectiveness of hybrid approaches and how they can be used to improve the performance of integrated design optimization applications. The proposed approach is based on two-stages which are (1) the use of neural networks (NNs) and genetic algorithm (GA) with feature technology for integrated design activities and (2) the use of Taguchi’s method and GA for design parameters optimization. The first stage resulted in better integrated design solutions in terms of computational complexity and later resulted in a solution, which leads to better and more robust parameter values for multi-objective shape design optimization. The effectiveness and validity of the proposed approach are evaluated with examples.
Development Mode Based on Integration of Product Models and Process Models
Authors: Huang Hong-Zhong , Gu Ying-Kui
Published: March 2006

Product development process modeling consists of two interrelated aspects: product model and process model. The coupling of these two aspects is very important to integrated product and process development, which not only avails to manage and control the whole process efficiently, but also avails to organize a multifunctional team to develop product concurrently and cooperatively. In this article, the integrated development architecture is established based on the detailed analysis of coupling relations between the product model and its corresponding process model. The integrated development method of coupling the product model main line and process model main line is presented. In this method, both the product model and process model are modified synchronously, and this modification is dynamic and mutual. The interrelationships and coupling mechanism between product model and process model are analyzed and established, and the algorithm was also given to evaluate the model coupling effect. Application verified that both the logicality of development processes and the completeness of model information were emphasized in the development architecture proposed here.
Modeling of Non-linear Relations among Different Design and Manufacturing Evaluation Measures for Multiobjective Optimal Concurrent Design
Authors: Yang H. , Xue D. , Tu Y. L.
Published: March 2006

This research introduces a new approach to model the non-linear relations among different design and manufacturing evaluation measures for multiobjective optimal concurrent design. In this approach, different design and manufacturing evaluation measures are mapped to comparable evaluation indices. The non-linear relation between an evaluation measure and its evaluation index is identified based on the least-square curve-fitting method. The weighting factors for different design and manufacturing evaluation indices, representing the importance measures of these indices in the multiobjective design optimization, are achieved using the pair-wise comparison method. An example case study of automobile caliper disc brake design considering 3 design evaluation measures and 1 manufacturing evaluation measure is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the introduced approach.
Federated Grid Computing with Interactive Service-oriented Programing
Authors: Sobolewski Michael , Kolonay Raymond M.
Published: March 2006

Improvements in distributed computing, and the technologies that enable them, have led to significant advancements in middleware functionality and quality, mainly through networking and protocols. However, the distributed programing style has changed little over the years. Most programs are still written line per line of code in languages such as C, C++, and Java. These conventional programs that can provide grid operations and grid data can be considered as common grid resources and shared by research and education communities worldwide. However, there are no relevant programing methodologies to utilize efficiently these shared service providers as a potentially vast grid repository, except through the manual writing of code. Realization of the potential of grid computing requires significant improvements in grid programing methodologies. The Grid interactive service-oriented (GISO) methodology presented provides a programming environment with development tools that permit true interactive grid programming. The GISO approach permits the different elements of programming to be stored, reused, aggregated, and executed with concurrency and a grid-level control strategy not achievable in the conventional programming languages.
Response of In-plane Linearly Prestressed Composite Sandwich Panels with Transversely Flexible Core to Low-velocity Impact
Authors: Malekzadeh K. , Khalili M. R. , Mittal R. K.
Published: March 2006

The problem of transverse low-velocity impact on a linearly in-plane prestressed sandwich panel has been considered in this article. The panel may be subjected to initial in-plane biaxial normal and shear stresses along the edges of the panel. Impact is assumed to occur normally over the top or the bottom face-sheets, at arbitrary location. The boundary conditions of the top and the bottom face-sheets are independent. The interaction between the impactor and the panel is modeled with the help of the system having three-degrees-of-freedom (TDOF) consisting of springs-masses-dashpot (SMD) or springs-masses (SM). The effects of initial biaxial stresses and transverse flexibility of the core are considered analytically. In order to determine all components of the displacements, stresses and strains in the face-sheets and the core, a numerical procedure based on improved higher-order sandwich plate theory (IHSAPT) and Galerkin’s method, are employed. The deflections and the corresponding stresses in the panel with higher initial stresses are smaller than those with lower initial stresses. The effects of in-plane initial shear stresses on impact response are slightly greater than that of the other in-plane normal loading states.
Gauging an industry standard of attitudinal loyalty for vacation lodging in the USA
Authors: Peterson Mark , Iyer Deepa S.
Published: March 2006

In this study, we use a theoretically-grounded approach to creating an index of attitudinal-loyalty for vacation lodging among consumers in the USA. This Vacation-Lodging Attitudinal-Loyalty Index (VLALI) is constructed using a largescale, multi-cross-sectional data collection effort and results with an industry average for consumers’ attitudinal-loyalty assessments for lodging used on vacation. The industry average of 80.3 (plus or minus 0.21) on a 0 to 100 scale is shown to be remarkably consistent over the 49 waves of data collection covering the 25 months of the study. Consequently, scholars, industry executives and lodging managers now have an industry standard for understanding vacationers’ ratings of lodging attitudinal-loyalty comprised of 1) perception of price-value, 2) overall customer satisfaction, and 3) intent to return. In general, the results of this study suggest that vacationers’ attitudinal loyalty for lodging is relatively good, stays consistent over time, and remains generally uniform across demographic groups.
Philosophical and methodological praxes in dark tourism: Controversy, contention and the evolving paradigm
Authors: Wight A. Craig
Published: March 2006

The following article will examine examples of current and theoretical issues in academic and related literature written on the subject of what has been variously referred to as ‘dark tourism’ (Lennon and Foley1), ‘thanatourism’ (Seaton2) and sometimes, ‘atrocity heritage’ (Beech3). Although much has been written on these subjects, little comment has been made on the types and relevance of research methods and analytical frameworks used in existing academic enquiry. The article comments on a cross section of publications written on this subject in the context of philosophical issues, research methodologies, emerging paradigms in the topic, contemporary debate and controversies. An introduction to ‘dark tourism’ is presented followed by a broad definition that considers the apocryphal issue of the origins of this subject in academic debate. Reflections on current research are presented, specifically research into issues of visitor interpretation and the representation of themes to the visiting public which can be considered ‘dark’. A key observation is that most research in dark tourism has been qualitative in terms of methodologies adopted by researchers given the relevance of conceptual sociological issues that have arisen out of academic debate. However, the article finishes by considering potential usage of quantitative inquiry that could logically build upon the emerging, qualitative-driven paradigm. This article draws on an understanding of various approaches to research including epistemological and ontological positioning and the justification and application of research methods as they relate to findings.
Mould and Winter Indoor Relative Humidity in Low Income Households in England
Authors: Oreszczyn Tadj , Ridley Ian , Hong Sung H. , Wilkinson Paul ,   Warm Front Study Group
Published: March 2006

This paper examines the extent to which variation in heating-season, indoor relative humidity (RH) and mould occurrence in English households is explained by dwelling and household characteristics. It is based on analysis of data from a national study of England's Home Energy Efficiency scheme ( Warm Front) which provides grants for energy efficiency improvements to vulnerable households. Surveys were undertaken of dwellings and households participating in the scheme in five urban areas. Half-hourly living room and main bedroom temperatures and RH measurements were recorded for two to four weeks in a subset of dwellings (no.=1604) over the winters of 2001–02 and 2002-03. For each dwelling, regression of indoor vapour pressure excess on outdoor temperature was used to obtain estimates of daily living room and bedroom indoor vapour pressure under standardised conditions (outdoor temperature of 5°C and 80% RH), from which standardised values of indoor relative humidity were derived. We present evidence on the relationship between mould severity and standardised relative humidity, and between both these parameters and household and dwelling characteristics, including Warm Frontimprovements.
Variability of Radon Levels in Different Rooms of Egyptian Dwellings
Authors: Ghany Hayam A. Abdel
Published: March 2006

Inhalation of indoor radon has long been recognised as a risk to health. The major sources of the indoor radon and also its daughters are building materials, natural gas and an underground-derived water supply. In this work a set of radon measurements was carried out, using the CR-39 solid state nuclear track detector, in different rooms of dwellings in Cairo. These compartments were located in apartment complexes built of the same building materials. The results showed that the radon concentration and exhalation rate in these houses varied from 47.94 to 84.32Bq·m-3 and 2.59 to 4.04mBq·m-2·h-1, respectively. The mean values of radon concentration in living rooms, bedrooms, bathrooms and kitchens were 50.98 ± 1.94, 53.18 ± 3.69, 79.36 ± 2.96 and 81.29 ± 1.93Bq·m-3, respectively. The mean values of exhalation rate were 2.68 ± 0.11, 2.79 ± 0.19, 4.01 ± 0.18 and 4.22 ± 0.12mBq·m-2·h-1, respectively. This data showed that bathrooms and kitchens had a significantly higher radon concentration and exhalation rate compared with both other rooms and the outdoor levels.
Investigation of Electrostatic Forces on Particle Deposition in a Test Chamber
Authors: Lai Alvin C.K.
Published: March 2006

Particle deposition under the influence of an electrostatic force is very common but is usually ignored as a factor in many indoor environments and controlled chamber studies. A new model accounting for Brownian and turbulent diffusion, inertia effect, Coulombic (field) and image forces has been formulated. Electrostaticenhanced deposition velocity was quantitatively investigated and compared with the experimental results. An experimental test chamber facility of 1.8m3 was designed to study particle deposition under the influences of electrostatic forces using monodisperse tracer particles in the size range of 3.5–9.0μm. The test sample surfaces were acetate sheet, plain smooth glass plate and thin copper coil. In another set of experiments, the surfaces were treated with commercial anti-electrostatic spray. The results reveal that deposition velocity onto the acetate sheet is significantly higher than that onto the plain glass and copper surfaces showing that the electrostatic attraction force must be taken into account. The key mechanism for deposition onto acetate sheet is by electrostatic attraction. Deposition onto the acetate sheet pre-treated with an anti-static spray shows deposition significantly reduced by 93%. The results also shows that glass surfaces should be first pre-treated to reduce static before deposition velocity measurements. By treating the glass surface with the spray, the deposition velocity was reduced by 68%. A similar reduction was observed for copper foil samples.
The Effect of Air Pollution and Meteorological Parameters on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at an Istanbul Hospital
Authors: Hapçioğlu Bilge , İşsever Halim , Koçyiğit Emine , Dişçi Rian , Vatansever Sezai , Özdilli Kürşat
Published: March 2006

In this study, the relation between emergency admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at an Istanbul University Hospital between the years 1997 and 2001 and the meteorological and air pollution parameters has been analysed. Admissions were calculated for each month, and the relations between the number of admissions for each month and the corresponding month's meteorological parameters (pressure, temperature, moisture) and the average pollution values (CO, SO2, NO, NO2, PM10) were determined. There were 1586 patients included in this study. COPD admissions had a negative significant correlation with temperature (r =-0.72, p<0.001), a positive significant correlation with pressure (r=0.41, p=0.001) and humidity (r=0.34, p=0.007), and also had a positive significant correlation with SO2 (r=0.64, p<0.001), NO (r=0.40, p=0.002), CO (r=0.57, p<0.001) and PM10 (r=0.27, p=0.03). No significant relationship was found for NO2. When the meteorological and clinical parameters were evaluated, it was found that the only variable related to the COPD admissions was temperature. These results for COPD admissions were found to be considerably higher in seasons other than summer (p <0.001). When summer seasonal values were taken as reference (RR=1), RR=1.24 (95% CI: 1.049–1.475) for autumn, RR=1.86 (95%CI: 1.541–2.115) for spring and RR=2.08 (95% CI: 1.793–2.434) for winter. Air pollution and meteorological parameters should be seen as a widespread public health problem, which can trigger admission and even death due to COPD.
Modelling and Monitoring Natural Ventilation for Conventional Kitchens in Taiwan with Transoms Replaced with Porous Screens
Authors: Chiang Che-Ming , Chang Kuei-Feng , Lee Chia-Yen , Chou Po-Cheng
Published: March 2006

This study analyses the ventilation efficiency and indoor air quality of conventional kitchens in Taiwan, in which the transoms were replaced by screens of various porosities. Numerical simulations and full-scale laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the influence of the porous screens on the temperature fields, flow fields and ventilation rates within the kitchen. The tracer-gas concentration decay method was applied to measure the air exchange rate and the age of the air in the kitchen. Meanwhile, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was performed to obtain a detailed understanding of the temperature and flow distributions.
From invisible to incorrigible: The demonization of marginalized women and girls
Authors: Chesney-Lind Meda , Eliason Michele
Published: March 2006

Two disturbing recent trends in the media and popular constructions of girls, women, and aggression are analyzed in this article: the media attention to ‘aggression’ and ‘violence’ of girls with the subsequent tendency to arrest and incarcerate girls, particularly those of color, and the depiction of lesbians as criminals, particularly as violent predators. Both of these trends are related to gender stereotypes about femininity and masculinity, and the increased power and visibility of women in contemporary society. Also interrogated in both these discussions is the complicity of some academics with the ‘masculinization’ of certain girls and women, thereby lending a certain legitimacy to their punishment, incarceration, and execution. The latter factor has resulted in significant backlash against women, as witnessed by the explosion in arrest rates and incarceration of girls and women in spite of decreases in violent crime. Women, particularly marginalized women, continue to be harshly judged for any departure from traditional feminine ideals.
Cyberspace, globalization and empire
Authors: Boyd-Barrett Oliver
Published: March 2006

The article proposes that the framework of media imperialism is appropriate for the study of US dominance of information and communication technology (ICT) industries in the period 1975–2000. Early media imperialism theories focused on US television exports at a time when such exports were set to decline in many local markets. Covert influences such as ownership, business models, professional values, content formatting, audience preferences, cultural hybrids and technologies, were insufficiently considered. In particular, the earlier focus on television and content may have distracted attention from the emergence of microprocessor-based computer networking technologies, their significance for the development of ICT industries, and the profound influence these have exerted on US economic and foreign policies. This article documents the continuing dominance of US corporate power, of US-based transnational corporations (TNCs) and, among them, of ICT industries, within the global economy. It charts US dominance of most spheres of computing and telecommunications at the turn of the 21st century. With specific reference to intelligence estimates of future global trends it assesses the significance of the ‘Asian challenge’, specifically the challenge of Asian ICT activity to the prospects of a continuation of US hegemony.
Denationalized digerati in the virtual near abroad
Authors: Saunders Robert A.
Published: March 2006

This article focuses on internet use as a mediating factor in identity formulation and maintenance among the minority Russian community living within post-Soviet space, but outside of the Russian Federation. I argue that regular internet usage among ethnic Russians in the near abroad has precipitated a denationalization of identity since the breakup of the USSR. The shock of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the often painful demands of living as an ‘immigrant’ in one's birth country, and the concurrent psychic traumas of globalization have created a powerful nexus which has deeply impacted younger near abroad Russians who, in turn, have turned to cyberspace to help them make sense of their place in world – a process which has, rather paradoxically, promoted postnational, globalist identities. Through regular web use and the creation of transnational communication networks, these Russian digerati are increasingly acting as agents of globalization within their own communities and steadily distinguishing themselves from the larger Russian community residing in the ethnic homeland.
An Anglican View of Methodist—Catholic Dialogue
Authors: Tanner Mary
Published: March 2006

This article is an appreciative evaluation of the forty years of Methodist – Roman Catholic dialogue from an Anglican perspective. It explores in particular three issues in the Methodist–Catholic international dialogue which are highly relevant for Anglican–Methodist and Anglican–Roman Catholic dialogue, namely, episcopacy and historic succession, the Petrine ministry, and authority. The suggestion is made that it may be timely to consider an Anglican–Methodist–Lutheran–Roman Catholic conversation of these three issues which are of great importance for the future shape of visible unity.
Out of the shadows: exploring contemporary geographies of voluntarism
Authors: Fyfe Nicholas R. , Milligan Christine
Published: March 2006

Against a background of concerns about the ability of advanced capitalist states to meet the welfare needs of their populations, the erosion of citizenship and declining social capital, voluntarism is increasingly presented in political and academic discourses as a ‘panacea’ to social and political problems facing liberal democracies. Building on human geographers' established interests in this field, this paper focuses on contemporary developments in voluntarism within advanced capitalist states. It examines how national programmes of welfare reform in the UK and the USA are affecting voluntary organizations and their ability to contribute to the welfare of local populations, and how place-based differences in the nature and meaning of voluntary activity are impacting on strategies to promote active citizenship and social capital. The paper concludes by highlighting some of the empirical, methodological and theoretical limitations of current geographical perspectives on voluntarism in order to suggest ways in which research in this field can move forward.
Kinetics of the Reaction between Titanium and Selenium Vapor at High Temperatures
Authors: Sasaki Yoshinori , Yamada Kenji
Published: March 2006

Metallic titanium was selenidized at temperatures of 550–700 °C in selenium vapor at 4.5 kPa. The reaction product was identified to be Ti1+xSe2 alone under all experimental conditions. Selenide growth rates were parabolic. A marker experiment indicated that the. reaction was controlled by inward diffusion of selenium through the selenide layer.
Crystal Structure of 2-Fluoroacetamidato-Bridged Mixed-Valent Octanuclear Platinum Blue with Average Platinum Oxidation State of 2.08, [Pt8(NH3)16(CH2FCONH)8](NO3)8.66·4H2O
Authors: Sakai Ken , Matsumoto Kazuko , Nishio Kyosuke
Published: March 2006

Red-purple plate crystals of [Pt8(NH3)16(CH2 FCONH)8](NO3)8.66·4H2O have been prepared and the crystal structure is reported. Magnetic susceptibility measurement revealed that the compound is mixture of [Pt(2.0+)8(NH3)16(CH2FCONH)8]8+ (Pt(2.0+)8) and [Pt(2.125+)8(NH3)16(CH2FCONH)8]9+ (Pt(2.125+)8), and the mixed ratio is Pt(2.125)8/Pt(2.0+)8 = 1.97.
Selective Kolbe Electrolytic Coupling Using Glasslike-Hard Carbon Anodes
Authors: Ohno Toshinobu , Fukumoto Tatsumi , Hirashima Tsuneaki , Nishiguchi Ikuzo
Published: March 2006

The use of some kinds of glasslike-hard carbons was found to lead to selective synthesis of the corresponding Kolbe coupled products in high yields comparable to the use of a Pt anode in anodic oxidation of some carboxylic acids.
Cobalt Schiff Base Complex Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Amines with t-Butyl Hydroperoxide
Authors: Maruyama Kazushige , Kusukawa Takahiro , Higuchi Yoshihiko , Nishinaga Akira
Published: March 2006

Cobalt Schiff base complex catalyzed oxidation of secondary aromatic amines with t-butyl hydroperoxide resulted selectively in dehydrogenation to give the corresponding imines. Proposed mechanism involves electron transfer from the nitrogen atom in the substrate to t-butyloxyl or t-butylperoxyl radical produced in situ from a t-butylperoxocobalt(III) complex intermediate.
DNA Profiling. An Approach of Systemic Characterization, Classification, and Comparison of Genomic DNAs
Authors: Nishigaki Koichi , Amano Norihiko , Takasawa Tsutomu
Published: March 2006

A new method to obtain profiles of giant genome DNAs is described. It is based on two key techniques: Random PCR using oligonucleotides and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. The experiments applied to the DNAs of 3 strains of E.coli demonstrated that this technique is informative and useful. The random PCR which uses various combinations of oligonucleotides as primers is effective to extract specific DNAs from a giant genome DNA.
Electrical and Optical Properties of Heat-treated Silicon Network Polymers
Authors: Watanabe Akira , Matsuda Minoru
Published: March 2006

Conductive thin film was prepared by the heat-treatment of poly(phenylsilane) which has a silicon-silicon network structure. The decrease of optical band-gap Eg,opt and the increase of spin concentration were observed with increasing heating temperature. The FT-IR spectra showed the formation of SiC structure at high temperature.
Remarkable Influence of Tacticity on Liquid Crystallinity of Polymethacrylates with Biphenyl Moiety as Mesogenic Group
Authors: Okamoto Yoshio , Asakura Toshikage , Hatada Koichi
Published: March 2006

Two methacrylates with a biphenyl moiety as a mesogenic group were anionically polymerized with t-butylmagnesium bromide in toluene, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran at low temperature. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis of the highly isotactic and syndiotactic polymethacrylates obtained indicated that tacticity of the polymers greatly influences their liquid crystallinity.
Selectivity in the Consecutive SNAr-Dequaternization Reactions of Heteroaromatic Chlorides with Tertiary Amines under High Pressure
Authors: Matsumoto Kiyoshi , Toda Mitsuo , Hashimoto Shiro
Published: March 2006

Consecutive SNAr-dealkylation reactions of heteroaromatic chlorides such as 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine and 2-chlorobenzothiazole with tertiary amines took place under high pressure in a highly selective fashion; some synthetic potential of the title reaction was exemplified.
Triple-Helix and Double-Helix Formations of Octamers of Deoxyriboadenylic and Deoxyribothymidylic Acids
Authors: Sugimoto Naoki , Shintani Yuki , Sasaki Muneo
Published: March 2006

Triple-helix and double-helix formations of octamers of deoxyriboadenylic and deoxyribothymidylic acids (dA8 and dT8) have been studied spectrophotometrically. The free-energy changes in 50 mmol dm−3 MgCl2 buffer at 25 °C were −21.2 kJ mol−1 for the triplex formation and −29.3 kJ mol−1 for the duplex formation, respectively. The other results by UV and CD spectroscopies were also reported.
Effect of Dangling Ends on the Double-Helix Melting of Ribooligonucleotides at Different Na+ Concentrations
Authors: Sugimoto Naoki , Hasegawa Keiko , Matsumura Akiko , Sasaki Muneo
Published: March 2006

We report quantitatively the effects of 3′ and 5′ dangling ends on the melting of the self-complementary double-helix of AUGCAU at various Na+ concentrations. The dependences of the melting temperature on the salt concentration are large for dangling G and U, but are small for the dangling A and C at both 3′ and 5′ ends.
Total Synthesis of Clavukerin A and Its Epimer
Authors: Asaoka Morio , Kosaka Takatoshi , Itahana Hirotsune , Takei Hisashi
Published: March 2006

Enantioselective synthesis of clavukerin A and its epimer was carried out. By the comparison of the spectral data and specific rotations of synthesized and natural ones, two trisnorsesquiterpens isolated from Clavulia and Cespitularia species are confirmed to be identical.
Selective CO2 Detection with a Lithium Conductor Based Sensor
Authors: Imanaka Nobuhito , Kawasato Takeshi , Adachi Gin-ya
Published: March 2006

Selective CO2 sensing was examined with CO2 sensor based on a lithium ionic conductor, LiTi2(PO4)3 + 0.2Li3PO4. The CO2 detectability was little influenced with NO2 coexistence in the atmosphere. The sensor could also detect the CO2 concentration selectively in the atmosphere where the SO2 content was smaller than approximately 20 ppm. In the case of CH4 coexistence, the total sum of the primary CO2 and CO2 formed from the CH4 oxidation, was obtained with the sensor.
Triethylborane Induced Radical Reaction of Ketene Silyl Acetals with Polyhalomethanes. Synthesis of 3,3-Dihalo- and 3-Haloacrylates
Authors: Sugimoto Jiro , Miura Katsukiyo , Oshima Koichiro , Utimoto Kiitiro
Published: March 2006

Treatment of ketene octyl t-butyldimethylsilyl acetal with tetrabromomethane or tribromomethane in the presence of a catalytic amount of triethylborane gave octyl 3,3-dibromoacrylate or octyl (E)-3-bromoacrylate, respectively.
Tetrakis(1,3-benzodithiol-2-ylidene)cyclopentyl Cations with Light Absorption in a Near Infrared
Authors: Sugimoto Toyonari , Enoki Tajio , Hosotani Yuka , Misaki Yohji , Yoshida Zen-ichi , Yamauchi Jun
Published: March 2006

The titled cations exhibited remarkably long wavelength absorptions reaching to a near infrared above 750 nm. The cause of this deep coloration has been clarified, which is ascribed to such a stabilization of electronically-excited biradicalic structures beyond expectation, as to participate in the ground states of the cations albeit in a very small amount (10−3–10−2%).
Cheletropic Reactions of Tricyclo[5.3.1.04,9]undeca-2,5-diene with Dichlorophosphines. Synthesis of Novel Phosphapolycycles
Authors: Toda Mitsuo , Miyahara Ikuko , Hirotsu Ken , Yamaguchi Ryohei , Kozima Shinpei , Matsumoto Kiyoshi
Published: March 2006

The cheletropic reaction of dichlorophosphines to tricyclo[5.3.1.04,9]undeca-2,5-diene, followed by hydrolysis with water gave 6-substituted-6-oxo-6-phosphapentacyclo[6.3.1.02,4.03,7.05,10]dodecanes whose structures were established by an X-ray crystallography.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of Aromatic Nitro Compounds Affording Amines under CO/H2O Conditions Using Amine-added Ruthenium–Carbonyl Complexes
Authors: Nomura Kotohiro
Published: March 2006

Remarkably high selectivities of nitro-group as well as high catalytic activities for the reduction of aromatic nitro compounds affording corresponding amines under CO/H2O conditions are exhibited by using amine(HNR2)-added Ru-carbonyl complexes; the reduction also proceeded without by-producing H2 which was formed by the Water-Gas Shift Reaction.
Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of Novel Spirobenzoselenazolinobenzopyrans
Authors: Hirano Masafumi , Miyashita Akira , Shitara Hiroaki , Nohira Hiroyuki
Published: March 2006

5-Methoxy-3-methyl-6′-nitrospirobenzoselenazolinobenzopyrans have been newly prepared and their reversible structure changes induced by light were characterized by spectroscopic studies. Their stable colored-forms were identified as 5-methoxy-3-methylbenzoselenazolenium-2-trans-(5′-nitrostyryl-2′-oxide) being the zwitterionic structure.
Photoreduction of Methyl Viologen with a Water-soluble Phthalocyaninatozinc(II) Complex in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kasuga Kuninobu , Hayashi Hiroki , Handa Makoto
Published: March 2006

Tetrakis(2-trimethylaminoethoxy)phthalocyaninatozinc(II) iodide catalyzed photoreduction of methyl viologen with visible light in the presence of triethanolamine in an aqueous solution. The effects of an ionic strength, pH, and polarity of solvents on the photoreaction were also investigated.
Preparation and Enzyme-based Structure Determination of 2A,6E-Bis(O-disulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin
Authors: Fujita Kahee , Ishizu Takashi , Minamiura Noshi , Yamamoto Takehiko
Published: March 2006

2,6-di-O-Disulfonates were prepared by the reaction of 2-O-(mesitylsulfonyl)-β-cyclodextrin with mesitylsulfonyl chloride in pyridine. Each regioisomer was isolated and the 2A,6E-isomer was structurally determined through enzymatic hydrolysis by Taka amylase A and bacterial saccharifying amylase.
Structural Effects of Olefins in the Photooxygenation with Electron-Accepting Sensitizers. Kinetic Approach to Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Konuma Satoshi , Aihara Shin , Kuriyama Yasunao , Misawa Hiroaki , Akaba Ryoichi , Sakuragi Hirochika , Tokumaru Katsumi
Published: March 2006

Pulsed laser excitation studies on the reactive species in 9-cyanoanthracene(CNA)-sensitized oxygenation of 1,1-diphenyl-2-methylpropene (1a) and (E)-2,3-diphenyl-2-butene (1b) show that the reaction course is mostly governed by competitive quenching of the CNA excited singlet by 1 and oxygen to produce 1+• and 1O2, respectively. The results indicate that the reaction courses of tetraphenylethylene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, for example, can be explained by exclusive quenching of sensitizer singlets by the olefin and oxygen, respectively.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of syn-α,β-Dihydroxy Thioesters by the Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Using a Chiral Tin(II) Lewis Acid
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Shiina Isamu , Kobayashi Shu
Published: March 2006

syn-α,β-Dihydroxy thioesters are prepared in good yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities by the asymmetric aldol reaction of 1-trimethylsiloxy-1-ethylthio-2-t-butyldimethylsiloxyethene with aldehydes using a chiral promoter consisting of tin(II) triflate, a chiral diamine and dibutyltin diacetate.
A Kinetic Study on the Copper-catalyzed Reaction of Silicon with Methanol into Trimethoxysilane
Authors: Suzuki Eiichi , Okamoto Masaki , Ono Yoshio
Published: March 2006

The reaction of methanol with silicon was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at 463–533 K. In order to determine the kinetics of the reaction per reaction site on the silicon surface, a pressure- (or temperature-) transition method was employed. The reaction order with respect to methanol was 1.0 and 1.4 for the Si–CuCl mixture preheated at 513 and 723 K, respectively, indicating that the rate-determining step is not the diffusion of silicon or copper species to the reaction site, but the chemical process involving methanol. Kinetics also indicate that the nature of the reaction sites changes with the preheating conditions of the mixture.
A New Compound, Nb5Co2O14
Authors: Kitayama Kenzo
Published: March 2006

A new compound, Nb5Co2O14, has been successfully synthesized under low oxygen partial pressure at 1200 °C. The relationship between the composition of the compound and the oxygen partial pressure was determined together with crystal parameters and density.
Intramolecular Photochemistry of 3-Alkynyloxy-2-pyridones and Isomerization of the Photoadduct to Tricyclic β-Lactam
Authors: Somekawa Kenichi , Oda Hideshi , Shimo Tetsuro
Published: March 2006

Sensitized photoreaction of 3-(5-ethoxycarbonyl-4-pentynyloxy)-2-pyridone gave a [2+2]cycloadduct across 3,4-bond of the 2-pyridone. The adduct was thermally derived to a new tricyclic β-lactam.
Synthesis and Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Novel Aromatic Cyclic Carbonate Having Binaphthyl Structure
Authors: Takata Toshikazu , Matsuoka Hideo , Endo Takeshi
Published: March 2006

A novel aromatic cyclic carbonate (3) having binaphthyl structure was prepared by the reaction of 2,2′-binaphthol with 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate in the presence of a tert-amine. 3 polymerized very efficiently with potassium tert-butoxide at 20 °C to give corresponding linear polycarbonate with 12800 (/ 1.34) in 94% yield.
Novel Enzymatically Degradable Polymers Comprising α-Amino Acid, 1,2-Ethanediol, and Adipic Acid
Authors: Saotome Yasushi , Miyazawa Takeo , Endo Takeshi
Published: March 2006

Novel water-insoluble polymers, which are degraded and solubilized by the action of specific proteolytic enzymes, were successfully synthesized from α-amino acid, 1,2-ethanediol, and adipic acid.
Calix[4]arene-5,11,17,23-tetrasulfonate as an Analytical Reagent for Cerium(III) Ion
Authors: Yoshida Isao , Yamamoto Nobuhiro , Sagara Fumio , Ueno Keihei , Ishii Daido , Shinkai Seiji
Published: March 2006

Calix[4]arene-5,11,17,23-tetrasulfonate (1) reacts with cerium(III) ion in alkaline solution to form a colored complex (λmax = 417 nm, ε = 1.09 × 104 1 mol−1 cm−1). The max coloration reaction is specific for cerium among rare-earth elements. The coloration mechanism was discussed on the basis of the stability constants.
Electroless Metal Plating on Stearic Acid Layer Spread at Air/water Interface
Authors: Masuda Hideki , Zhang Jia-dan , Baba Nobuyoshi
Published: March 2006

A thin metal Ag film was obtained at an air/solution interface by using a spread stearic acid layer as a supporting substrate of electroless plating. The properties of the film and the condition of the electroless plating of Ag was examined with scanning electron microscopy and in situ reflectance spectroscopy.
Prediction of α-Helix Folding of Isolated C-Peptide of Ribonuclease A by Monte Carlo Simulated Annealing
Authors: Kawai Hikaru , Okamoto Yuko , Fukugita Masataka , Nakazawa Takashi , Kikuchi Takeshi
Published: March 2006

Conformation of the C-peptide fragment of RNase A is calculated by Monte Carlo simulated annealing. Starting from completely random initial conformations and minimizing the total potential energy without any bias, we obtained partial α-helix structure with a high probability (≈ 40%). The energetically most favourable structure exhibits a 2.5-turn α-helix. The results of simulation are consistent with the experimental implication for the role of charged residues for α-helix stability in this peptide.
Simple Preparation of the Optically Active γ-Hydroxy Vinylstannanes Using Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki , Ohta Tadataka
Published: March 2006

An efficient optical resolution of γ-hydroxy vinylstannanes was achieved by the lipase-catalyzed enantioselective hydrolysis of the corresponding racemic acetates using lipase PS(Pseudomonas sp.).
Regioselectivity of Biomimetic Reduction of Tetrahydroxynaphthalene. Location of Transition Structures for Hydride Addition with Theoretical Calculations
Authors: Ichinose Koji , Sugimori Masamichi , Itai Akiko , Ebizuka Yutaka , Sankawa Ushio
Published: March 2006

The regioselectivity of a biomimetic reduction of 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (THN) was investigated by semi-empirical (AMI) molecular orbital calculations. Transition state structures and stabilities were simulated for the hydride attack models to the carbonyl carbons at C-1 and C-3 of the stable trianionic speices of THN. The results suggested that C-3 carbon was more favorable for the reduction, which agreed with the experimental fact.
Laser-induced Direct Synthesis of Butanediol and Acetaldehyde from Ethanol in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Shimizu Yuichi , Sugimoto Shun’ichi , Kawanishi Shunichi , Suzuki Nobutake
Published: March 2006

Butanediols and acetaldehyde were directly synthesized by KrF-laser irradiation of the N2-saturated ethanol (EtOH) containing H2O2.
Thermal C-H Activation Catalyzed by RhCl (CH2=CH2) (PMe3)2. Hydrogen Transfer from Cycloalkanes to Ethylene and Ethylene Insertion into Cycloalkanes
Authors: Sakakura Toshiyasu , Abe Fujio , Tanaka Masato
Published: March 2006

Dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes to cycloalkenes is catalyzed by RhCl(CH2=CH2) (PMe3)2 under ethylene pressure at a high temperature over 170 °C. Ethylene insertion into sp3 C–H bond of cycloalkanes occurs at 230 °C to afford ethylcycloalkanes.
A Recognition Model of tRNASer by Seryl-tRNA Synthetase in E. coli
Authors: Asahara Haruichi , Himeno Hyouta , Shimizu Mikio
Published: March 2006

E. coli seryl-tRNA synthetase (SerRS) is a dimeric enzyme, having a subunit composed of two domains, i.e., a globular domain that includes a putative active site, and a long antiparallel α-helical coiled coil domain. The recognition sites on tRNASer by SerRS were searched using the T7 transcription system, and a new model of the recognition mechanism was proposed, consisting of a long coil shaped domain on one subunit which interacts with the long extra arm of tRNASer, and a globular domain of the other subunit which interacts with the 3′ end of tRNASer.
Preparation and Ionic Conductivity of the Rapidly-Quenched Glasses in the System Li2O–TiO2–P2O5
Authors: Machida Nobuya , Fujii Kazuko , Minami Tsutomu
Published: March 2006

Li+ ion-conducting glasses were prepared in the system Li2O–TiO2–P2O5 by rapid quenching. These glasses had high ionic conductivities of 10−2–10−5 S m−1 at 400 K. The conductivities of these glasses increased and the activation energy for conduction decreased with an increase in the Li2O content of the glasses. At a given Li2O content, the conductivities at 400 K increased with substituting TiO2 for P2O5.
A Simple Method for the Preparation of Polyacrylamide Gel Filled Capillaries for High Performance Separation of Polynucleotides by Using Capillary Gel Electrophoresis
Authors: Baba Yoshinobu , Matsuura Toshiko , Wakamoto Kyoko , Tsuhako Mitsutomo
Published: March 2006

Polyacrylamide gel filled capillaries prepared by a simple method showed ultrahigh resolution of polynucleotides. Plate number of gel filled capillary was achieved to be 5 × 106 per meter for 55mer of polyadenylic acid. Mixture of 250 kinds of polyadenylic acids were baseline resolved and analyzed within 60 min.
Oxidation of Aldehydes into Carboxylic Acids with Molecular Oxygen Using Nickel(II) Complex Catalyst
Authors: Yamada Tohru , Rhode Oliver , Takai Toshihiro , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: March 2006

The oxidation of aldehydes into the corresponding carboxylic acids using a catalytic amount of nickel(II) complex under an oxygen atmosphere at room temperature is described. Bis[1,3-di(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedionato]nickel(II)(Ni(dmp)2) behaves as an excellent catalyst for the oxidation of aldehydes to afford the corresponding carboxylic acids in good yields.
A Facile Synthesis of Cyanohydrin Trimethylsilyl Ethers by the Addition Reaction of Trimethylsilyl Cyanide with Aldehydes under Basic Condition
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Tsuchiya Yoshikazu , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: March 2006

In the presence of a catalytic amount of Lewis base such as amine, phosphine, arsine or antimony, trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMS-CN) smoothly reacts with aldehydes to afford the corresponding cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers in excellent yields.
The First Bicyclic System with σ(Si–Si)-π Conjugation. Synthesis of Bicyclo[6.6.0]-1,8-diisopropyl-4,4,5,5,11,11,12,12-octamethyl-1,4,5,8,11,12-hexasila-2,6,9,13-tetrayne
Authors: Iwahara Takahisa , West Robert
Published: March 2006

Treatment of 1,2-diisopropyltetrachlorodisilane with 2 equiv. of di-Grignard reagent of 1,2-diethynyltetramethyldisilane led to a good yield of the bicyclic title compound, which has a UV absorption at 260 nm.
Decamethyl-1,4,5,8,11,12-hexasilabicyclo[6.6.0]tetradeca-2,6,9,13-tetrayne
Authors: Sakamoto Kenkichi , Tsumura Manabu , Sakurai Hideki
Published: March 2006

Decamethyl-1,4,5,8,11,12-hexasilabicyclo[6.6.0]tetradeca -2,6,9,13-tetrayne was prepared by the reaction of a di-Grignard reagent derived from 1,2-bis(ethynyl)-1,1,2,2-tetramethyldisilane and 1,2-dimethyltetrachlorodisilane. Some physical and chemical properties of the novel bicyclic compound are described.
1H NMR of (α-Substituted benzyl-t-butyl)hydroxylamines and EPR of Their Oxidized Forms
Authors: Migita Gatherina T , Nakayama Masaharu , Takeuchi Makoto , Ogura Kotaro
Published: March 2006

1H NMR study of several (benzyl-t-butyl)hydroxylamine derivatives (BBHA) was performed, which were obtained through the addition of Grignard agents to α-phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PEN) or the reduction of PEN. Concomitantly, EPR of their oxidized forms (nitroxide radicals, BEN) was measured. It was proved that the joint application of 1H NMR and EPR provides decisive evidences to assign the α-substituents.
Isomerization of Atropisomeric Triptycene Derivatives in Solid States
Authors: Yamamoto Gaku
Published: March 2006

The sc*(9S*) rotamers of 8-bromo- and 8-chloro-1,4-dimethyl-9-(2-methylbenzyl)triptycenes irreversibly isomerize to the corresponding ap rotamers in solid states at the temperature range of 170 to 200 °C.