bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Several Problems with the Application of P.Ya. Galperin’s Classical theory
Authors: Podolskiy Andrey I.
Published: February 2023

Background. ! e theoretical and applied works of Piotr Ya. Galperin have attracted the attention of scholars for more than 70 years. But what about the contemporary situation? Does the Galperin’s “System of Psychology” have only historical signi" cance, or does it deal with crucial problems of contemporary psychology? Objective. ! is article explores several opportunities for applying Galperin’s System of Psychology and his theory of planned stage-by-stage formation of mental actions (PSFMA) as part of the System, in current conditions. Design. ! ere are three main areas where the concepts of P.Ya. Galperin’s System of Psychology can be applied. ! e " rst is the application of the method of planned stage-by-stage formation to studying the formation and development of human mental activity. ! e second is the study of the theoretical and actual process of planned stage-by-stage formation as a psychological reality. ! e third area is the use of the provisions of the theory in the practice of teaching. Results. We argue that the e# cacy of the provisions of the main components of Galperin’s System, and especially the PSFMA, is closely related to the solution of a number of purely theoretical issues today. Conclusion. ! e condition for the successful application of PSFMA principles is a harmonious combination of the basic psychological foundations of this,process, taking into account the speci" cs of both the activity being formed, and of those socio-economic and technological parameters that create the space where such formation is carried out.
Orienting Activity of the Subject as a Mechanism for Instruction, Learning and Development
Authors: Burmenskaya Galina V.
Published: February 2023

Background. ! e 120th anniversary was celebrated in 2022 of the birth of the outstanding Soviet scientist P.Ya. Galperin (1902–1988), who made a signi# cant contribution to the development of Russian psychology. Objective. To analyze the signi# cance of P.Ya. Galperin’s concept of “orienting activity” for the study of processes of mental development, learning and instruction. Design. ! e concept of “the zone of proximal development” (L.S. Vygotsky) is interpreted in light of the doctrine of orienting activity, presenting three examples from di$ erent areas of research, where the concept of orienting activity is used to analyze the phenomena of mental development in children and adults. Results. 1. ! e concept of orienting activity makes it possible to substantiallyconcretize the psychological content and mechanisms of “the zone of proximal development.” 2. ! e subject’s orienting activity plays a key role, which is implicitly present in the method of “cognitive learning” developed in the Geneva psychological school and reproducing (according to the followers of J. Piaget) “an autonomous process of constructing new operational structures”. 3. ! e study examines the organization of orienting activity in the process of children’s mastery of the concepts of combinatorial thinking in a learning experiment based on Galperin’s method of stage-by-stage formation of mental actions and concepts. 4. ! e role of a client’s orienting activity is explicated, and its special organization by the psychologist who is counseling parents on the mental development and upbringing of children and adolescents. Conclusion. P.Ya. Galperin’s discovery regarding the structure of human activity and introduction of the concept of “orientation,” and the creation of a method for studying the orienting component of action as distinct from the executive component, lead to a much deeper understanding of the central problem posed by L.S. Vygotsky: the interrelation and mechanisms of connection between the processes of learning, instruction (teaching) and development.
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms, Distress, and Optimism in Mexican Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Acevedo-Ibarra Jessica Noemí , Juárez-García Dehisy Marisol , Espinoza-Velazco Absalón , Buenaventura-Cisneros Sergio , Téllez Arnoldo
Published: February 2023

Background. ! e diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer are considered highly stressful and potentially traumatic events that can generate post-traumatic stress symptoms and distress among patients. Objective. ! is study assessed levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms, distress, and optimism, as well as di" erences between these conditions relative to sociodemographic and medical variables, in Mexican patients with colorectal cancer. Design. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed, in which 192 colorectal cancer patients over the age of 18 years participated. ! ey # lled out the following questionnaires in person: a sociodemographic and medical data questionnaire; the Event Impact Scale-Revised (EIE-R); the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); and the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R). Results. ! e results showed that 32.3% of the patients reported post-traumatic stress symptomatology, and 21.4% reported distress. Post-traumatic stress symptoms and distress varied according to age and monthly income. Signi# cant di" erences between the sexes were also observed in the levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms and distress. Post-traumatic stress was positively and signi# cantly related to distress, and negatively and signi# cantly to optimism. Conclusion. Based on these data, we concluded that a signi# cant percentage of colorectal cancer patients present high levels of post-traumatic stress symptoms as well as distress, and that these levels may vary according to sociodemographic and medical characteristics.
THE ABILITY OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIRMENTS TO ANTICIPATE FUTURE EVENTS
Authors: Akhmetzyanova Anna I. , Artemyeva Tatiana V. , Kiseleva Maria E.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Th e article deals with the issue of ability to anticipate future events in preschool children with visual impairments. Th e relevance of the study is due to the fact that the development of the prognostic ability in older preschool age makes it an important condition for the process of socio-psychological adaptation of children with disabilities, including preschoolers with impaired vision. Th e aim of the study was to revial the specifi cs of future events anticipation in visually impaired preschool children. Th e study involved 60 preschoolers aged 5 to 7 years, including 30 children with visual impairments and 30 children with unimpaired vision. As a result of the analysis of structural and functional components, it was found that visually impaired preschoolers predict actions more oft en, and they also have a lower level of the speech-communicative function as compared to the one in their normo-typical peers. In children with visual impairments, the ability to anticipate manifests itself more successfully in organized activities, as well as in their relationships with parents, rather than with surrounding adults or children. Th e study revealed the specifi cs of the ability to anticipate future situations in visually impaired preschoolers with speech impairments. It was found that children of this nosology experience real diffi culties in forming a prognosis, since visually impaired preschoolers have a lower level of development in regulatory, cognitive and speech-communicative functions compared to the one of their peers without visual impairments. Preschoolers with visual impairments can set and hold goals, as well as cope with the mental replay of various options for actions and are aware of the consequences of their implementation in relation to themselves and people around them. However, they have diffi culties in understanding and defi ning both their own emotions and the emotions of people around them in predictable situations.
Personal Situational Activity in Forced Self-Isolation: Socio-Psychological Aspect
Authors: Mazilov V.A , Belan E.A.
Published: February 2023

Th e sample for repeated measurement (30 subjects: 12 men and 18 women) was stratifi ed and selected based on the analysis of the data of the fi rst measurement. Th e analysis allowed us to formulate the conclusions: 1. Th e situation of forced self-isolation is a life diffi culty that causes contradictions in the perception of a person’s characteristics due to the lack of stable social norms for experiencing such events. 2. Th e individual evaluation model of forced self-isolation is characterized by high intensity of the physiological component, hypertrophy of the mental component, and disharmony of the refl exive component of situational activity. 3. An individual in most cases chooses the strategies of coping and hypercoping types of situational activity. At the same time, the choice of hyper-coping strategies indicates an extreme mismatch in the processes of personal-situational interaction, which can be considered in some cases as a trend to form undesirable social behaviors.
RUSSIAN-L ANGUAGE VERSION OF THE SAVORING BELIEFS INVENTORY
Authors: Titova Grandchamp Victoria A. , Sychev Oleg A.
Published: February 2023

Objective. Th e present study aimed to validate the Russian version of the SBI and determine its factorial structure. Method. Th e participants were 490 adults mainly from Moscow. Th e following measures were used: the Russian version of the SBI, the life orientation test, the attributional style questionnaire, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, the gratitude scale, the positive and negative aff ect scale, the satisfaction with life scale, the subjective happiness scale, and the Riff ’s scale of psychological well-being. Results. Confi rmatory factor analysis has supported the theoretically expected three-factor structure of the measure. Th ree factors of savoring the moment, anticipation and reminiscence were moderately related. Th e validity of the methodology is confi rmed by correlations of savoring with indicators of psychological well-being, happiness, dispositional optimism, optimistic attributional style for positive events, gratitude, positive aff ect, life satisfaction and self-esteem. All three subscales of savoring and total savoring score showed high level of internal consistency. Th e convergent and structural validity of the method was proved. Conclusion. Th e study showed that the Russian version of the SBI is a valid and reliable instrument to assess savoring ability both in total and in three aspects of the past, present and future.
CHANGE RESPONSE STYLES AND TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND CONFLICTS IN THE SCHOOL
Authors: Bazarov Tahir Yu. , Golynchik Elena O. , Lipatov Sergey A. , Nesmeianova Roksana K.
Published: February 2023

Background. Th ere is a shortage of socio-psychological research devoted to the systematic consideration of the problem of teachers’ attitude to changes in modern schools at three levels: organizational, interpersonal and individual-personal. Objective of the study is to identify the interrelationships of change response styles with teachers’ perception of organizational culture and confl icts in the school. Methods. A questionnaire survey was conducted in a remote format using an online platform. Used: the questionnaire “Change response styles”, “Methods of diagnosing the organizational culture of the school”, the method “Confl icts in the educational environment”. Sample. Th e study involved 66 teachers of senior classes of secondary schools and lyceums in several regions of Russia (Zarechny city, Penzenskaya oblast; Lesnoy city Sverdlovskaya oblast; Novouralsk, Sverdlovskaya oblast). Results. Teachers with a conservative change response style prefer a traditional stable environment and are focused on a resultive organizational culture of the school; they estimate the frequency of confl icts between teachers and pupils at school with the involvement of parents lower. Teachers with an innovative response style strive for constant progress and innovation and are guided by the innovative culture of the school; a positive correlation was revealed with the assessment of the frequency of confl icts between teacher and pupil with the participation of a parent. Teachers who are representatives of the reactive change response style have a hard time adapting to any type of change, prefer the role culture of the school; there is a positive relationship with the degree of emotional discomfort caused by several types of confl icts involving the teacher. Teachers with a realizing response style fl exibly adapt to various changes and prefer innovative and family types of school culture; they have a negative relationship with emotional discomfort from confl icts involving the teacher. Conclusion. Th e results obtained allow us to determine the perspective of further steps of the author’s team, which consists in building a three–way model of the educational space “school — pupil — family” with the inherent properties of a systemic self-developing object.
VIDEO GAMES AND AGGRESSION: THE MAJOR TRENDS IN FOREIGN STUDIES
Authors: Ponomareva Ekaterina S.
Published: February 2023

Background. Information technologies are developing intensively now. Problems related to their impact on human mental development are becoming relevant. Th e researchers are interested in one of the particular issues that is the interrelation between video games and aggression. Additionally, the researchers admit the inconsistency of the obtained results and the need for more comprehensive consideration of the problem. Objective. To determine the specifi cities of the problem elaboration related to the interrelation between interest in video games and aggressive tendencies in the context of the topics it is refl ected in. Methods. Th is review is based on the material of the articles indexed in Scopus. Data were collected and analyzed using the data analysis tools from online platforms Scopus and SciVal. Results. A general characterization of the articles, that are consistent with the link between interest in video games and aggression, is presented. Th e following topics were identifi ed as those that represent this link in the most detail: “Media Violence; Video Games; Aggression”, «Internet Use; Addiction; Gaming”, “Online Games; Avatar; Gaming”, “Cyberbullying; Crime Victims; Participant Roles”, “Portrayal; Stereotypy; Media Representations”. A detailed analysis of the articles, that refl ect the considered issue in the context of these topics, is presented.
An Analysis of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Karaaslan Hüseyin , Uyar Nida , Göçer Ensar Gazi , Cindoğlu Çiğdem , Eren Mehmet ali , Sabuncu Tevfik
Published: February 2023

The occurrence of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is influenced by both patient-related and contrast-related factors. More specifically, CA-AKI has been linked to renal dysfunction, diabetes mellitus (DM), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). We hypothesized that the prevalence of CA-AKI was high in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) because they frequently have several ASCVD risk factors and additional comorbid conditions (including ASCVD). We retrospectively examined the medical records of 208 type 2 diabetic patients who were hospitalized for DFU. These patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included 107 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomographic angiography (CTA); group 2 (control group) included 101 patients who did not receive contrast media. Following CTA, 13 (12.1%) patients developed CA-AKI in group 1, while 3 (3.0%) patients in group 2 had serum creatinine elevations consistent with AKI ( P = 0.013). The following risk factors for CA-AKI were identified: longer history of DM, higher baseline serum creatinine, congestive heart failure, Wagner stage 4 and 5 DFUs, peripheral artery disease, older age, and lower hemoglobin values. CA-AKI is a common complication after CTA in patients with DFU. To reduce the risk of CA-AKI in these patients, associated risk factors and preventive measures should be considered.
Effect of Hand Dominance on Radial Artery Spasm and Occlusion: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Toprak Kenan , Inanır Mehmet , Memioğlu Tolga , Palice Ali , Kaplangoray Mustafa , Yesilay Asuman Biçer , Tascanov Mustafa Begenc , Altıparmak İbrahim Halil , Demirbağ Recep
Published: February 2023

Transradial access has become the most commonly used method for cardiac catheterization. Many medical and technical applications have been proposed to reduce TRA complications. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of hand dominance on radial artery spasm and radial artery occlusionin subjects undergoing CC via TRA. Between April 2020 and August 2022, 1713 subjects who underwent CC via TRA were included in the study. Patient data were obtained in terms of hand dominance of the catheterized side and RAS and RAO during a 1-month follow-up period. RAS was seen in 9.6% of the subjects. The RAS in patients catheterized by the dominant hand was significantly higher than that performed by the non-dominant hand (12 vs 7.8%; P = .004). RAO was seen in 1% of the subjects. RAO was significantly higher in the spasm side than in the no-spasm side (3 vs .8%; P = .009). Hand dominance was determined as an independent predictor of radial artery spasm (P = .006). In our study, RAS and RAO were more common on the dominant hand side than on the non-dominant side. Choosing the non-dominant hand for TRA for CC may reduce the incidence of RAS and RAO.
Will Open Science Succeed in Higher Education?
Authors: Pence Harry E.
Published: February 2023

Despite the current interest in Open Science in the scientific community, it is not clear if Open Science will succeed in higher education. Open Science is based on three basic ideas: open data, open results, and open publication. If these principles can be successfully implemented, it will allow for much greater participation in the scientific process, including, perhaps, broad public participation. In order for Open Science to be successful, it must be compatible with the practices of higher education. This will require significant adjustment. This article will discuss the pluses and minuses of Open Science in higher education.
Parents’ Wisdom and Adolescents’ Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Developmental Qualities
Authors: Zare Mazloom Motahareh , Ardelt Monika , Asadi Samaneh , Dehghani Fahimeh
Published: February 2023

This study investigated relations of parental three-dimensional wisdom on 15–17-year-old adolescents’ cognitive, social, and emotional developmental qualities. Families were recruited in 10th and 11th grades of public schools in Yazd, Iran, and a total of 140 father–mother–adolescent triads participated in the research. In multivariate regression analyses, parental wisdom was positively related to adolescents’ social intelligence and emotional competence but unrelated to adolescents’ cognitive skills and intelligence. Moreover, significant interaction effects between parental wisdom and adolescent gender showed that paternal wisdom only predicted sons’ social intelligence and emotional competence, whereas maternal wisdom only predicted daughters’ social intelligence and emotional competence. These results indicate that (a) wise parents appear to be role models for the social and emotional development of same sex adolescents and (b) intellectual development depends on other factors than parental wisdom. This suggests that promoting wisdom development in parents likely benefits the psychosocial development of their children.
Division of Housework and Women’s Fertility Willingness
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Liang Yanan , Qi Xiaoyu
Published: February 2023

Low fertility willingness has become a major practical reality in China. From the perspective of family gender equality, this paper analyzes the impact of division of housework on women’s fertility willingness by using the data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). The results of propensity score matching method and instrumental variable method show that husbands’ participation in housework can effectively improve wives’ fertility willingness. Mechanism analysis shows that husbands’ active participation in housework can effectively reduce wives’ work–family conflict, increase wives’ satisfaction with husbands’ housework contribution, and help improve wives’ happiness and fertility willingness. Further discussion on whether families have had children or not shows that women who have had children are more sensitive to their husbands’ participation in housework. This study provides empirical evidence for the applicability of family gender equality theory in China and the factors affecting women’s fertility willingness.
The Quest for Lifestyle: Reverse Family Migration among Hong Kong Returnee Parents
Authors: Ngan Lucille Lok Sun , Chan Anita Kit-wa
Published: February 2023

Existing analyses of lifestyle in migration studies have focused on individual, rather than family, aspirations, while studies of Chinese transnational migration have focused on instrumentalism, rather than the quality-of-life factors, driving family migration. Moreover, these two fields of study have tended to center on the privileges of relatively affluent migrants, largely overlooking important familial and economic dimensions for middle- and upper-middle-class migrants. Drawing on 38 in-depth interviews with returnee parents from Hong Kong who have migrated back to their previous places of residence in the West or have plans to do so, this article addresses these gaps by examining reverse family migration considerations. We identify the aspiration for a better quality of life for the family, rather than for the self, as the dominant driver of migration. We find that returnee parents’ main frames of reference for considering how and where to live were shaped by interactions between their children's education, economic factors, transnational mobility, and imaginary and emotional aspects of migration. Our analysis shows the value of engaging with lifestyle in efforts to understand reverse migration among Chinese families. More broadly, this article contributes to better understanding of migration motivation by drawing attention to family-centered lifestyle aspirations and the coexistence of privilege and precarity among relatively affluent middling migrants, areas that have been insufficiently explored in research on Chinese transnational migration and lifestyle migration.
Correlations between DKI and DWI with Ki-67 in gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yuan Letian , Lin Xiangtao , Zhao Peng , Ma Hui , Duan Shuai , Sun Shanshan
Published: February 2023

Background

Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) has been applied for gastric adenocarcinoma. Correlations between its parameters and Ki-67 are unclear.

Purpose

To investigate the correlation between DKI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) parameters with the Ki-67 index in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Material and Methods

A total of 54 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled in the study and underwent DWI and DKI at 3.0-T MRI before surgery. Based on the settings of the regions of interest, the DWI and DKI parameters (including apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], diffusion kurtosis [K], and diffusion coefficient [DK]) of each patient's gastric adenocarcinoma were measured and calculated. The participants were divided into two groups (low Ki-67 group and high Ki-67 groups). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and independent-sample t-test were used to compare differences in each parameter between two groups. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the correlation between Ki-67 and the parameters. Each parameter was compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. All parameters were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between each parameter and high Ki-67 index.

Results

ADC and DK were negatively relevant with Ki-67 and K was positively relevant with Ki-67 in gastric adenocarcinoma. ADC, DK, and K had diagnostic efficiency in differentiating the low Ki-67 group from the high Ki-67 group. A higher K value independently predicted a high Ki-67 status.

Conclusion

DWI and DKI reflected the proliferative characteristics of gastric adenocarcinoma. K was the strongest independent factor for predicting high Ki-67 status.
Differences of injury characteristics of medial patellofemoral ligament in acute lateral patellar dislocation and multiligament knee injuries
Authors: Zheng Lei , Zhang Meng , Si Xiao-lin , Zhang Guang-ying
Published: February 2023

Background

The injury characteristics of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) in multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs) and the differences of injury patterns of MPFL in MLKIs and acute lateral patellar dislocation (LPD) remain unclear.

Purpose

To explore the differences of injury characteristics of MPFL after acute LPD and MLKIs.

Methods

Magnetic resonance images were prospectively analyzed in 219 patients after acute LPD or MLKIs. Statistical analyses of the injury patterns of MPFL were performed between LPD and MLKIs.

Results

The incidence of partial tear and complete MPFL tear in adolescent LPD and MLKIs were 40.3% and 48.4%, and 27.9% and 16.3%, respectively. Compared with LPD, MLKIs showed lower incidence rates of partial and complete MPFL tears (both P = 0). The MLKI subgroup showed lower incidence rates of MPFL tear at the patellar insertion (PAT), femoral attachment (FEM), and multiple-site of the MPFL (COM) (9.3%, 20.9%, and 14%) when compared with the LPD subgroup (45.2%, 24.2%, and 16.1%) (all P < 0.01). The incidence of partial tear and complete MPFL tear in adult LPD and MLKIs were 41.5% and 47.2%, and 24.6% and 16.4%, respectively. Compared with LPD, MLKIs showed lower incidence rates of partial and complete MPFL tears (both P = 0). The MLKI subgroup showed lower incidence rates of MPFL tear at PAT, FEM, and COM (8.2%, 18%, and 14.8%) when compared with the LPD subgroup (20.8%, 34%, and 30.2%) (all P = 0).

Conclusion

Compared with LPD, MPFL tears are relatively uncommon in MLKIs. Even if MPFL tears occur, partial tears and femoral-sided tears are relatively more common.
Political geography III: International migration and geopolitics
Authors: Fluri Jennifer L
Published: February 2023

This report provides an overview of contemporary scholarship on the geopolitics and political geographies of migration. There has also been an extensive amount of scholarship, including several special issues focused on migration, borders, and displacement from state and non-state institutional management to the everyday experiences of individual migrants. The political geographies and geopolitics of human displacement in this report are organized into the following thematic categories: state and institutional management, institutionalized suspicion of migrant populations, border management techniques and technologies, and re-centering migrant experiences.
Makeshift camp geographies and informal migration corridors
Authors: Jordan Joanna , Minca Claudio
Published: February 2023

Makeshift camps have increasingly become a permanent presence along border areas and in cities around Europe and elsewhere, constituting a ‘hidden geography’ that is crucial to overland mobilities of thousands of migrants each year and essential to understanding contemporary informal migration. While there is rich and burgeoning scholarship on makeshift camps, substantial gaps remain in the understanding of these informal geographies which have not yet been conceptualized in terms of the key roles they play in the production of informal migration corridors nor the unique forms of daily life en route that they support, as this paper intends to do.
A Comparison of All-inside and Inside-out Meniscal Repair in Elite Athletes
Authors: Borque Kyle A. , Laughlin Mitzi S. , Webster Emily , Jones Mary , Pinheiro Vítor Hugo , Williams Andy
Published: February 2023

Background:

The popularization of all-inside (AI) meniscal repair devices has led to a shift away from the historical gold standard of inside-out (IO) meniscal repair without comparative studies to support the change.

Purpose:

To compare the failure rate and time to failure of AI and IO meniscal repair performed in elite athletes.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed of all professional and national- and international-level amateur athletes who underwent meniscal repair, with a minimum of 2-year follow-up between January 2013 and September 2019. Meniscal repair was classified as AI or IO depending on the surgical technique performed. Treatment failure was defined as patients having to undergo subsequent surgery to address a persistent meniscal tear after repair. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to determine if meniscal repair failure rates differed by the location and technique of meniscal repair. Models were controlled for known risk factors such as age, sex, sport, and concurrent cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Results:

A total of 192 (135 lateral and 57 medial) meniscal repairs were performed in elite athletes during the study period. Overall, 41 (21%) meniscal repairs met the criteria for failure. Medial meniscal tears repaired with the AI technique failed at a significantly higher rate (18/31 [58%]) than medial meniscal tears repaired with the IO technique (6/26 [23%]) or lateral meniscal tears repaired with the AI (9/76 [12%]) or IO (8/59 [14%]) technique ( P < .001). Cox proportional hazards modeling revealed that a medial meniscal tear repaired with the AI technique had an almost 8 times greater hazard of failure than a lateral meniscal tear repaired with the AI technique ( P < .001). At 1 year postoperatively, 8% of lateral meniscal repairs had failed (regardless of technique), while medial meniscal tears failed at a rate of 16% with the IO technique and 42% with the AI technique. By 2 years, 53% of medial meniscal tears repaired with the AI technique had failed, and by 5 years, 63% had failed.

Conclusion:

AI repair of medial meniscal tears led to a higher rate of failure than IO repair of medial or lateral meniscal tears in elite athletes. Medial meniscal repair failed at a higher rate than lateral meniscal repair.
Sepsis in postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock patients supported with veno- arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Tantway Tarek M , Arafat Amr A , Albabtain Monirah A , Belghith Makhlouf , Osman Ahmed A , Aboughanima Mohamed A. , Abdullatif Muhammad T , Elshoura Youssef A. , AlBarak Mohammed M
Published: February 2023

Background:

Sepsis could affect the outcomes of patients with postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Our objectives were to characterize sepsis patients with ECMO support for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock and assess its predictors and effect on patients’ outcomes.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 103 patients with ECMO for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock from 2009 to 2020. Patients were divided according to the occurrence and timing of sepsis into three groups. Group 1 included patients with no sepsis ( n = 67), Group 2 included patients with ECMO-related sepsis ( n = 10), and Group 3 included patients with non-ECMO-related sepsis ( n = 26).

Results:

Lactate level before ECMO was highest in the ECMO-associated sepsis group (Group 1 and 2 p = 0.003 and Group 2 and 3 p = 0.003). Dialysis and gastrointestinal bleeding were highest in ECMO-associated sepsis ( p = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). Blood transfusion was higher in ECMO-associated sepsis than in patients with no sepsis ( p = 0.01). Mortality was nonsignificantly higher in patients with ECMO-associated sepsis. High BMI (OR: 1.11; p = 0.004), preoperative dialysis (OR: 7.35; p = 0.02), preoperative IABP (OR: 9.9.61; p = 0.01) and CABG (OR: 6.29; p = 0.01) were significantly associated with sepsis. Older age (OR: 1.08; p = 0.004), lower BSA (OR: 0.004; p = 0.003), peripheral cannulation (OR: 29.82; p = 0.03), and high pre ECMO lactate level (OR: 1.24; p = 0.001) were associated with increased mortality. Sepsis did not predict mortality (OR: 1.83; p = 0.21).

Conclusions:

Sepsis is a dreaded complication in patients with postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock, especially ECMO-associated sepsis. Preoperative risk factors could predict postoperative sepsis in ECMO patients.
Sensitivity analysis and multi-objective optimization of the virtual track train parameters considering the coupling effect between vehicles
Authors: Jimin Zhang , Chengping Wang , Hechao Zhou , Haiying Lu
Published: February 2023

To improve vehicle stability, passenger comfort and road friendliness of the virtual track train (VTT) negotiating curves, a multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization platform combining the VTT dynamics model, Sobal sensitivity analysis, NSGA-II algorithm and [Formula: see text] optimal selection method is developed. Considering the mutual coupling between vehicles and taking random road roughness as excitation, the VTT dynamics model with 66-DOF is constructed and verified. Design variables and objective functions are defined, and then key design variables are obtained via Sobol sensitivity analysis. The NSGA-II algorithm is used to optimize the key design variables of the VTT, and the [Formula: see text] optimal selection method is used to select the Pareto solution sets. The results demonstrate that the optimization platform can effectively reduce the number of design variables (from 11 to 6) and improve stability, lateral comfort, vertical comfort and road friendliness, (2.78%, 1.19% and 14.71%, 3.09%, respectively). Also, a multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization platform of the VTT has certain applicability to straight-line conditions and different curve radius conditions. This research provides a feasible solution for the comprehensive performance improvement of the VTT passing through a minor curve. In addition, it also provides a reference for the optimization analysis of multi-marshaling vehicles considering the interaction between vehicles.
Awe Sparks Prosociality in Children
Authors: Stamkou Eftychia , Brummelman Eddie , Dunham Rohan , Nikolic Milica , Keltner Dacher
Published: February 2023

Rooted in the novel and the mysterious, awe is a common experience in childhood, but research is almost silent with respect to the import of this emotion for children. Awe makes individuals feel small, thereby shifting their attention to the social world. Here, we studied the effects of art-elicited awe on children’s prosocial behavior toward an out-group and its unique physiological correlates. In two preregistered studies (Study 1: N = 159, Study 2: N = 353), children between 8 and 13 years old viewed movie clips that elicited awe, joy, or a neutral (control) response. Children who watched the awe-eliciting clip were more likely to spend their time on an effortful task (Study 1) and to donate their experimental earnings (Studies 1 and 2), all toward benefiting refugees. They also exhibited increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia, an index of parasympathetic nervous system activation associated with social engagement. We discuss implications for fostering prosociality by reimagining children’s environments to inspire awe at a critical age.
Improving the melting performance of phase change material (PCM) in a latent heat thermal energy storage unit via a non-uniform arrangement of longitudinal fin
Authors: Lu Bohui , Zhang Yongxue , Sun Dong , Wang Cong , Wang Zhihao , Luo Mengxi
Published: February 2023

The application of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) technology in solar energy utilization is greatly restricted by the low thermal conductivity of phase change material (PCM). This paper proposed a non-uniform arrangement of a longitudinal fin in a typical LHTES unit to improve the melting performance of PCM. Water is used as the heat transfer fluid (HTF) and paraffin (RT35) is selected as the PCM. A three-dimensional computational model is built to simulate the melting process of PCM, and its result is verified by experimental data. Firstly, the melting performance of PCM in the LHTES unit with four kinds of fin arrangements is comparatively studied, and its heat transfer mechanism is characterized via the maximum velocity of liquid PCM. In addition, the influences of HTF inlet temperature and flow rate, as well as heat transfer tube material on the complete melting time of three typical fin arrangements are also investigated. The results implied that the complete melting time of the non-uniform arrangement of the longitudinal fin reduces by 30.91% relative to the conventional longitudinal fin (Case 2). The results also revealed that the melting rate of PCM is related not only to the intensity of natural convection but also to the distribution of natural convection in the whole melting process.
Event-triggered robust adaptive control for unmanned surface vehicle in presence of deception attacks
Authors: Zhang Guoqing , Dong Xiangjun , Shan Qihe , Zhang Weidong
Published: February 2023

This article focuses on a double layer virtual ship guidance–based adaptive event–triggered path-following control for unmanned surface vehicle under the unknown actuator gain and deception attacks. In the guidance unit, the adaptive virtual ship is developed to derive the smooth reference paths for the controlled objective. That can effectively remove the abrupt phenomenon of actuators. Associated with the double layer virtual ship guidance strategy, a robust adaptive control algorithm is proposed for the unmanned surface vehicle by fusing the event-triggered rule and the adaptive compensated technique. In the algorithm, the deception attacks caused by the communication channel were compensated by constructing the attack adaptive parameters. That is critical to improve the accuracy and stabilize of the closed-loop control system. Besides, the transmission burden from the controller to the actuator was reduced for merits of the input-based event-triggered mechanism. Finally, the theoretical stability was proofed by the Lyapunov theorem, and the well performance was obtained through numerical simulation in presence of the time-varying disturbances.
Moving beyond narrow definitions of gene drive: Diverse perspectives and frames enable substantive dialogue among science and humanities teachers in the United States and United Kingdom
Authors: Hartley Sarah , Stelmach Aleksandra , Delborne Jason A. , Barnhill-Dilling S. Kathleen
Published: February 2023

Gene drive is an emerging biotechnology with applications in global health, conservation and agriculture. Scientists are preparing for field trials, triggering debate about when and how to release gene-drive organisms. These decisions depend on public understandings of gene drive, which are shaped by language. While some studies on gene drive communication assume the need to persuade publics of expert definitions of gene drive, we highlight the importance of meaning-making in communication and engagement. We conducted focus groups with humanities and science teachers in the United Kingdom and United States to explore how different media framings stimulated discussions of gene drive. We found diversity in the value of these framings for public debate. Interestingly, the definition favoured by gene drive scientists was the least popular among participants. Rather than carefully curating language, we need opportunities for publics to make sense and negotiate the meanings of a technology on their own terms.
Correlates of Perceived Stress and Professional Quality of Life Among Nurses Working in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) in North India: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Shivani  , Sharma Mohit , Sonakshi  , Singh Jatinder , Arora Kamaldeep , Kumar Ashwani , Dhir Shashi Kant , Chowdhary Gurdev , Chawla Vani , Rai Harman , Goyal Nikita , Singh Vajinder , Kaur Baljinder , Mehra Keshav , PV Varughese , Kumar Pardeep , Mahal Tania , Bajaj Naveen
Published: February 2023

Objective

To estimate the levels of perceived stress and determine the professional quality of life domains namely, compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary trauma and their associated factors in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses.

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out across a number of NICUs in North India from May to June 2022. A total of 223 nurses included in the study were given a self-administered questionnaire consisting of their sociodemographic profile, work profile, PSS 14 scale, and ProQol 5 scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and multiple regression.

Results

Based on PSS 14, 52(23.3%), 132(59.2%), and 39(17.5%) nurses experienced mild, moderate, and severe stress, respectively. Burnout and secondary trauma were found to be average in the majority of nurses (178[79.8%] and 175 [78.5%], respectively) in regard to professional quality of life domains. A sizable portion of the nurses was found to have average to high compassion satisfaction. Factors such as more number of night duties, alarms and lights in NICU, lesser professional experience, high workload, being unmarried, and having no children were found to be significant in association with perceived stress and professional quality of life.

Conclusion

According to this study, the majority of nurses who work in NICUs experience moderate levels of stress, which negatively impacts their professional quality of life. Therefore, it is important to consider various stress management programs based on the stressors.
Equine abortion and stillbirth in California: a review of 1,774 cases received at a diagnostic laboratory, 1990–2022
Authors: Cantón Germán J. , Navarro Mauricio A. , Asin Javier , Chu Peter , Henderson Eileen E. , Mete Asli , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: February 2023

Reproductive failure represents an important cause of economic loss for the equine industry. We reviewed the cases of equine abortion and stillbirth submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California–Davis from 1990 to 2022. A total of 1,774 cases were reviewed. A confirmed cause of abortion was determined in 29.2% of the cases. Abortion or stillbirth was attributed to infectious agents in 18.7% of the cases, with Streptococcus spp., equine herpesvirus 1, and Leptospira spp. being the most prevalent. Noninfectious causes of abortion were established in 10.5% of the cases, with umbilical cord torsion being the most common. In 70.8% of the cases, a definitive cause of abortion could not be established. Our study demonstrated the difficulties in establishing an etiologic diagnosis, even when following a standard diagnostic work-up. New diagnostic approaches are needed to improve the likelihood of reaching a final diagnosis in cases of equine abortion and stillbirth.
Intimate Partner Violence and Health Outcomes Among Women Living With HIV/AIDS in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tenkorang Eric Y. , Owusu Adobea Y. , Zaami Mariama , Langmagne Susan , Gyan Sylvia
Published: February 2023

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is known to have negative health consequences for victims. For women living with HIV/AIDS, whose health may be compromised, exposure to IPV can be devastating. Yet few (if any) studies have explored the health implications of exposure to IPV among HIV-positive women. We begin to fill this gap by examining the effects of various dimensions of IPV (physical, sexual, psychological/emotional, and economic) on the cardiovascular, psychosocial, and sexual reproductive health outcomes of HIV-positive women in Ghana. Data were collected from a cross-section of 538 HIV-positive women aged 18 years and older in the Lower Manya Krobo District in the Eastern Region. We used logit models to explore relationships between IPV and health. The findings indicate high prevalence of IPV in our sample: physical violence (61%), sexual violence (50.9%), emotional/psychological violence (79.6%), and economic violence (66.8%). Generally, participants with experiences of IPV reported cardiovascular health problems, unwanted pregnancies and pregnancy loss, and poor psychosocial health. Our findings suggest the importance of screening for IPV as part of HIV care in Ghana.
A comparative evaluation of three extended depth of focus intraocular lenses
Authors: Lesieur Gilles , Dupeyre Paul
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To compare the refractive and visual performance of three Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) after uncomplicated cataract surgery.

Setting

Centre IRIDIS, Albi, France.

Design

Comparative retrospective study.

Methods

Patients with cataracts and without other eye diseases were enrolled for monocular implantation of EDOF IOLs on the dominated eye by the same surgeon between 2018 and 2021, using either the IsoPure (BVI-PhysIOL, Belgium), the Synthesis+ (Cutting Edge, France), or the Lucidis (SAV-IOL, Swiss). Refraction, Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA), Corrected Distance VA (CDVA), Uncorrected Near VA (UNVA), Distance-Corrected Near VA (DCNVA), 25% Contrast CDVA, and Defocus Curve were assessed 3-months postoperatively.

Results

A total of 64 eyes of 64 patients were included in this study (IsoPure n = 22; Synthesis+ n = 20, Lucidis n = 22). CDVA, 25% Contrast CDVA and DCNVA were significantly better for Lucidis than IsoPure or Synthesis+. No significant difference was observed for CDVA and 25% Contrast CDVA between IsoPure and Synthesis+. DCNVA was significantly better for Lucidis and Synthesis+ with respectively 0.08 LogMAR ± 0,09 and 0.29 LogMAR ± 0.13, compared to 0.40 LogMAR ± 0.17 for IsoPure ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Lucidis showed more efficient distance, low contrast, and near vision than IsoPure and Synthesis+. Synthesis+ seems to be more efficient in intermediate vision than other groups. Each EDOF IOLs provided good distance vision without creating spontaneous complaints of photic phenomena. Refractive EDOF IOLs, especially Lucidis, are efficient for patients wishing to improve their vision without dysphotopsia.
Poipoia te kākano, kia puawai: resilience and resistance in the lives of Māori adoptees
Authors: Blake Denise , Ahuriri-Driscoll Annabel , McBreen Kim , Mikaere Ani
Published: February 2023

Closed stranger adoption has not commonly been recognised as a tool of Indigenous oppression in Aotearoa New Zealand, yet it was a colonial practice that caused great harm to Māori. This article narrates some of the ways in which adoptees who identify as Māori demonstrate resilience and resistance to the pernicious effects of closed stranger adoption. Using a mana (strengths-based values) enhancing approach, meaning we champion respect and understanding, this research elucidates how Māori adoptees navigate complex social relationships in courageous and creative ways, including when seeking birth kinship, maintaining those relationships, and making broader efforts to (re)connect with things Māori. Māori adoptees want their experiences to be recognised by Māori and non-Māori alike, so that the ongoing harms of closed stranger adoption can be redressed, and the next generations do not continue to live the negative impacts.
‘All in good faith?’ An ethno-historical analysis of local faith actors’ involvement in the delivery of mental health interventions in northern Uganda
Authors: Storer Elizabeth , Torre Costanza
Published: February 2023

Faith actors have become increasingly significant in the field of global mental health, through their inclusion in the delivery of psychosocial support in humanitarian settings. This inclusion remains empirically underexplored. We explore historical and contemporary activities of local faith actors in responding to mental disquiet in northern Uganda. Given pre-existing roles, we question what it means when humanitarians draw on faith actors to deliver mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in conflict-affected settings. We argue for a recognition of faith actors as agents operating within a therapeutic marketplace, which on occasion links suffering to social inequality and exclusion. We show, moreover, that the formal inclusion of Christian actors within MHPSS may not equate to the enforcement of rights-based values at the core of international ideas of protection.