bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الأحكام الإجرائية والموضوعية لانضمام فلسطين للمعاهدات الدولية
Authors: A. Shehab Ahmed A. , Marni Nurazmallail
Published: January 2022

The international treaties are among the most important sources of international law. Recent years have witnessed an exaggerated interest by the international community in the development of the international legal system through the legislation of treaties and the implementation of international commissions, bodies and non-governmental organizations. The State is no longer bound by the national Constitution and domestic legislations, but also by a series of international treaties and their obligations and responsibilities at the international and national levels. In order to ensure the validity of these procedures, the treaty requires the parties to regulate procedures for the accession to treaties within the national legal system and to determine the legal value of the international treaty in national law and the mechanism of integration and harmonization, whether by an independent law or by texting in the Constitution on the validity of the signing of treaties and its ratification. There is no doubt that the legal position in the Palestinian legislation is unclear regarding the procedural and substantive provisions of international treaties and their application in the legal system, compared to other laws that deal strictly with the legal organization of international treaties. This study aims at separating the procedural and substantive provisions of the accession to international treaties and their applications in the State of Palestine including the identification of the competent authority to sign the Convention, the mechanism for its ratification and the legal value accorded to the international treaty in Palestinian legislation by using the analytical descriptive method, the historical method, and the comparative method.
تعد المعاهدات الدولية من أهم مصادر القانون الدولي، ولقد شهدت السنوات الأخيرة اهتماما مبالغا من المجتمع الدولي في تطوير المنظومة القانونية الدولية، من خلال تشريع المعاهدات وإعمال اللجان والهيئات الدولية، والمنظمات غير الحكومية، ولم تعد بذلك الدولة ملزمة بالدستور الوطني والتشريعات الداخلية فحسب، بل بمجموعة من المعاهدات الدولية أيضا،ً وما يترتب عليها من واجبات والتزامات ومسؤوليات على الصعيد الدولي والوطني. ولضمان صحة هذه الإجراءات توجب المعاهدة على الأطراف تنظيم إجراءات الانضمام المعاهدات ضمن المنظومة القانونية الوطنية وتحديد القيمة القانون للمعاهدة الدولية في القانون الوطني وآلية الإدماج والمواءمة، س واء بإصدار قانونٍ مستقل، أو النص في الدستور على صلاحية عقد المعاهدات والتوقيع والتصديق عليها. ولا شك أن الموقف القانوني في التشريع الفلسطيني يتسم بعدم الوضوح فيما يتعلق بالأحكام الإجرائية والموضوعية بإبرام المعاهدات الدولية وتطبيقها في النظام القانوني، مقارنة بقوانين أخرى تتناول بدقة التنظيم القانوني لإبرام المعاهدات الدولية، وتهدف هذه الدراسة لبيان الأحكام الإجرائية والموضوعية للانضمام للمعاهدات الدولية، وتطبيقاتها في دولة فلسطين بما يشمل تحديد السلطة المختصة بالتوقيع على الاتفاقية، وآلية التصديق عليها، والقيمة القانونية الممنوحة للمعاهدة الدولية في التشريعات الفلسطينية. وذلك باستخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، والمنهج التاريخي، والمنهج المقارن.
Analisis Perbandingan Metode Hermeneutik dan Tafsīr Bi Al-Ra’yī dalam Penafsiran Al-Qur’an
Authors: Zainal Abidin Salman , Ibrahim Mazlan
Published: January 2022

Hermenutics, a metode of interpretating al-Qur’an, was first introduced by a controversial Muslim Scholar, Hasan Hanafi. His effort is followed by some other muslim scholars such as Fazlur Rahmān, Naṣr Ḥāmid Abū Zayd and Muḥammad Arkoun. Apparently, Hermeneutics is similar to Tafsīr bi al-Ra’yī which employs a pure reason and logic as the medium of interpretating al-Qur’an. However, to a certain extent, Hermeneutics has significant differences from the concept of Tafsīr bi al-Ra’yī which encourage a large number of muslim scholars to reject Hermenutics in understanding al-Qur’an. Hence, this article is meant to epistemologically eloborate Hermeneutics in terms of its definition, history, development, scholars and its comparison with Tafsīr bi al-Ra’yī.
ABSTRAK
Hermeneutik sebagai sebuah metode memahami al-Qur’an mula diperkenalkan oleh Hasan Hanafi. Usaha beliau ini kemudiannya diikuti oleh sarjana-sarjana lain antaranya Fazlur Rahman, Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid dan Muhammad Arkoun. Metode Hermeneutik jika dibandingkan dengan tradisi keilmuan Islam dalam memahami al-Qur’an adalah mirip dengan Tafsīr bi al-Ra’yī yang meletakkan akal sebagai medium berijtihad memahami ayat-ayat al-Qur’an. Walau bagaimanapun, terdapat beberapa aspek perbezaan yang ketara antara Hermeneutik dan Tafsīr bi al-Ra’yī yang mendorong penolakan sebahagian sarjana Muslim terhadap aplikasi Hermneutik dalam memahami al-Qur’an. Justeru, artikel ini merungkaikan epistemologi Hermeneutik yang merangkumi definisi, sejarah kemunculan, sejarah perkembangan, tokoh-tokoh yang terlibat dan seterusnya perbandingannya dengan Tafsīr bi al-Ra’yī.
أهمية تكامل العلم النقلي والعقلي في البحوث والدراسات الأكاديمية
Authors: Madjid Muh. Naim
Published: January 2022

This research deals with the integration of Aqli and Naqli as a preferred method and applied in the researches and studies Academic. The writer considers that the research’s problem is based on the problem of Muslim researchers today, especially in the field of Human sciences, where they have produced the researches and studies devoid of the religious spirit (Islamic values). These are not denied as a result of the infinite intellectual invasion of Westerners and Orientalists. This serious issue, of course, leads to the error of choosing and using the right way to reveal the treasures of the knowledge and the hidden sciences and their precious treasures. Therefore, the writer provides a research about the importance of integration of Aqli and Naqli as an established, firm and main approach in the fields of researches and scientific studies, which aims to know the concept of integration and to show its basic rules, instruments, steps and significances. This research will attempt to solve a problem, the issue of production of barren researches and the studies that deviate from the right goals, and it is expected to conduct the students toward the useful scientific studies and still grasp the basic Islamic principles. The writer believes that the inductive and descriptive analytical approaches are appropriate in this research to obtain clear information and reliable results. This study concludes that the approach of integration of Aqli and Naqli science is a true and accurate guide in the fields, researches and academic studies, and it can be a powerful weapon in repelling the attacks and accusations which faced by Muslim generation today.
يتناول هذا البحث تكامل العلم النقلي والعقلي منهجًا مفضلاً مطبقًا في البحوث والدراسات الأكاديمية. رأى الكاتب أن إشكالية هذا البحث قائمة على المشكلة التي يواجهها معظم الباحثين المسلمين اليوم، خاصة في مجال العلوم الإنسانية، حيث أنتجوا البحوث والدراساتالفارغة من الروح الدينية )القيم الإسلامية(. ولا تنكر هذه أنها ناتجة عن الغزو الفكري اللانهائي عند الغربيين والمستشرقين. وتسبب هذه المسألة الخطيرة طبعًا بخطأ اختيار واستخدام الطريقة الصحيحة الدقيقة في الكشف عن خزائن المعارف والعلوم المستورة وكنوزها الثمينة. ولذلك يقدم الكاتب بح ثاً عن ضرورة إدماج الفكرة النقلية والعقلية طريقةً محكمة ثابتة رئيسة في حقول البحوث والدراسات العلمية الذي يهدف إلى معرفة مفهوم التكامل وإبراز قواعده الأساسية ووسائله وخطواته وأهمياته. سيحاول هذا البحث حل مشكلة من المشكلات، وهي قضية إنتاج البحوث العاقرة والدراسات المنحرفة عن الأهداف الصحيحة، ويرجى منه يرشد الطلاب نحو بحوث ودراسات علمية مفيدة متمسّكة بالمبادئ الإسلامية الأساسية. ويرى الباحث أن المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي الوصفي مناسبان في هذا البحث للحصول على معلومات واضحة ونتائج موثوقة. ومن نتائج هذا البحث: أن منهج تكامل العلم النقلي والعقلي منهج ودليل صحيح دقيق موح موثوق في المجالات والبحوث والدراسات الأكاديمية، ويعُتقد أنه سلاح قوي في صد الهجوم والاتهامات الموجهة إلى أبناء المسلمين اليوم.
Kefahaman Beragama dan Proses Transformasi Hubungan Pasangan dalam Perkahwinan
Authors: Baharudin Dini Farhana , Md. Hamdani Suhailiza , Abdul Mutalib Marina Munira , Zakaria Mohd. Zaliridzal
Published: January 2022

Previous studies show strong relation between religion and marital satisfaction. However, there are still lack of study that looks into this area from the Malaysian context, especially among the Muslims. This paper will explore connections between religion and transformational processes in marriage. Transformational processes refer to processes that occur in marriage relationships that do not require outside or professional intervention, especially when an issue or conflict arises in marriage. The methodology of the study utilizes a qualitative approach. Purposive sampling comprising of five Malay Muslim couples whose age of marriage is more than ten years were interviewed. Findings show that specific Islamic religious beliefs and practices are related to the maintenance of relationship for a married couple. The findings highlight the importance for a marital counselling approach which integrates naqli and ‘aqli knowledge that supports the clients’ needs.
ABSTRAK
Kajian lepas menunjukkan perkaitan yang kuat antara aspek-aspek keagamaan dengan kesejahteraan dalam hubungan pasangan berkahwin. Walau bagaimanapun, masih kurang kajian yang meneroka tentang perkara ini dalam konteks Malaysia, khususnya dalam kalangan orang Islam. Kertas ini akan meneroka tentang kefahaman agama dengan proses transformasi dalam perkahwinan. Kefahaman agama dalam kajian ini mencakupi kepercayaan dan amalan keagamaan. Manakala, proses transformasi dalam perkahwinan pula merujuk kepada proses-proses yang berlaku dalam hubungan perkahwinan yang tidak memerlukan intervensi secara professional daripada luar, khususnya apabila berlakunya isu atau konflik dalam perkahwinan. Metodologi kajian adalah menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sampel bermatlamat melibatkan lima pasangan Melayu beragama Islam yang usia perkahwinan mereka melebihi sepuluh tahun. Temubual berstruktur telah dijalankan dan dapatan menunjukkan kefahaman beragama iaitu kepercayaan dan amalan Islam adalah berkait dengan pengekalan hubungan sesuatu pasangan dalam perkahwinan. Dapatan ini menunjukkan kepentingan untuk menggunakan intervensi kaunseling perkahwinan yang mengintegrasikan ilmu naqli dan ‘aqli yang dapat membantu menyokong keperluan klien.
Risiko Gangguan Seksual di dalam Rumah kepada Remaja
Authors: Mohd Salleh Norsaleha , Abd. Rahman Kamal Azmi , Mohd. Haridi Noor Hafizah , Misran Norbahiah , Rashed Zetty Nurzuliana , Zaim Nabilah Huda
Published: January 2022

Sexual harassment is a sexually oriented act committed against another person either verbally, non-verbally, physically, or emotionally. Sexual harassment can occur to female teenagers whether they are inside or outside home. This quantitative study used questionnaires that were analysed using SPSS 2.0. The objective of the study is to explore the extent of domestic sexual harassment risk on female teenagers while they are at home. A total of 84 girls from the age of nine to fifteen in Selangor participated in this study where they have received consent from their parents and guardians to participate in this study. This study found that 7.14% of the participants admitted that they like to wear sexy clothes at home and had watched pornographic videos with close family members such as father, brother, uncle, and grandfather. The findings revealed that they had experienced sexual harassment by their family members if they do not maintain the Islamic manners in addition to being excessively exposed to the unlimited information technology facility. The findings also showed that there are unsafe elements towards female teenagers at home if the family well-being mechanism is not properly and well maintained. The implications of this study suggested a development of a mobile application to identify the initial signs of sexual harassment towards female teenagers.
ABSTRAK
Gangguan seksual merupakan perlakuan berbaur seks yang dilakukan terhadap individu lain sama ada berbentuk lisan, bukan lisan, fizikal atau emosi. Gangguan seksual boleh berlaku kepada remaja perempuan ketika mereka berada di dalam atau di luar rumah. Metodologi kajian menggunakan kaedah tinjauan yang melibatkan kajian kuantitatif dan dianalisis menggunakan perisian statistik SPSS 2.0. Objektif kajian adalah untuk meneroka sejauh mana risiko gangguan seksual berlaku kepada remaja perempuan sewaktu di dalam rumah.  Seramai 84 orang remaja perempuan yang berusia sembilan hingga 15 tahun di negeri Selangor telah mendapat kebenaran daripada ibu bapa dan penjaga masing-masing untuk menjadi peserta kajian. Kajian mendapati seramai 7.14% remaja perempuan mengakui suka berpakaian seksi di rumah dan pernah menonton video pornografi bersama ahli keluarga terdekat seperti bapa, abang, bapa saudara serta datuk. Dapatan juga menunjukkan mereka mengalami gangguan seksual dalam kalangan ahli keluarga sekiranya mereka tidak menjaga adab-adab Islam disamping banyak terdedah dengan kemudahan teknologi maklumat yang tiada batasan. Dapatan juga menunjukkan wujudnya elemen yang tidak selamat kepada anak-anak remaja perempuan yang berada dalam rumah sekiranya mekanisme kesejahteraan keluarga tidak dipelihara dengan baik dan betul. Implikasi kajian ini mencadangkan pembangunan sebuah aplikasi mudah alih bagi mengenalpasti tanda-tanda awal gangguan seksual yang berlaku kepada remaja perempuan.
الآليات الوطنية لحماية حقوق الطفل
Authors: Shehab Ahmed
Published: January 2022

:الملخص
تهدف الدراسة لتقييم الآليات الوطنية لحماية حقوق الطفل وتقييمها، وتركز الدراسة على دور الإعلام في حماية حقوق الطفل، بالإضافة لدور المنظمات الوطنية غير الحكومية في حماية حقوق الطفل. وتبرز إشكالية الدراسة في ظل انضمام فلسطين لاتفاقية حقوق الطفل ووجوب تطبيق نصوص اتفاقية حقوق الطفل، ومنها إنشاء آليات وطنية لحماية حقوق الطفل. ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة الرئيسي استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، من خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية والمعاهدات الدولية، كما اعتمد الباحث المقابلة الشخصية أداة لجمع المعلومات. وخلصت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج والتوصيات أهمها: مسؤولية الدول الأطراف في اتفاقية حقوق الطفل عن تنفيذ الاتفاقية، باعتبارها ملزمة بالوفاء بالالتزامات الناشئة عن الاتفاقية، وأن مسؤولية الدول لا تتوقف عند تنفيذ التزاماتها فحسب، بل تتعدى لإنشاء "الآليات الوطنية لحماية حقوق الطفل"، ولضمان نجاح هذه الآليات في الغاية التي شرعت من أجلها، فلابد أن يسبقها توفير الضمانات القانونية والسياسية لذلك، وتوصي الدراسة بتعزيز دور مؤسسات المجتمع المدني والرعاية الاجتماعية في تثقيف وتوعية الأطفال بحقوقهم، ومساعدة وتأهيل الأحداث الجانحين في الاندماج مع المجتمع. وفرض آليات للرقابة على توفير وحماية حقوق الأطفال بما يشمل المؤسسات والوزارات والهيئات المختصة. وضرورة تخصيص موازنة خاصة للأطفال "الموازنة الصديقة للطفل" ضمن الموازنة العامة للدولة، أسوةً بالدول الأخرى.
Pendekatan Mengurus Konflik dalam Rumah Tangga Bermadu
Authors: Abd. Majid Mariam , Abu Bakar Sahlawati , Abdullah Muhammad Yusuf Marlon , Hamjah Salasiah Hanin , Aini Zulkefli , Mohd Jamil Mohd Ridhuan , Mansor Naqibah
Published: January 2022

Conflict is an unavoidable condition and is part and parcel of life in a household, especially in the lives of a polygamous household. This article aims to present the factors that contribute to household conflict and the approach in managing them. The data were obtained through semi-structured interviews with sampling techniques aimed at 5 sister-wives and 1 polygamous husband. The interview data transcriptions were analyzed to form themes and sub-themes and validation was performed using Cohen Kappa calculations. The data analysis revealed that the internal factors which trigger conflict are secretive marriage, lack of concern, jealousy, and misunderstanding, whereas the external factors are neglecting responsibility, difficulty in adjusting, and lack of communication. Among the approaches taken to manage this conflict are to hold discussions, to be generous, to be tolerant, to care for each other, to appreciate, to be patient, to accept the qada' and qadar of Allah Almighty, to protect the household’s honour, and to limit unimportant social activities. This finding can serve as a guide in the management of polygamous household conflicts.
ABSTRAK
Konflik adalah satu keadaan yang sukar dielakkan dan menjadi asam garam alam rumah tangga, lebih-lebih lagi dalam kehidupan rumah tangga bermadu. Artikel ini bertujuan mengemukakan faktor-faktor yang mencetuskan konflik rumah tangga bermadu serta pendekatan mengurusnya. Data diperolehi melalui temu bual separa berstruktur dengan teknik persampelan bertujuan iaitu terhadap 5 orang isteri bermadu dan 1 orang suami berpoligami. Transkripsi data temubual dianalisis bagi membentuk tema dan sub tema dan proses keesahan dilakukan menerusi pengiraan Cohen Kappa. Analisis data mengemukakan faktor dalaman yang mencetuskan konflik iaitu merahsiakan perkahwinan, kurang keprihatinan, perasaan cemburu dan salah faham manakala faktor luaran ialah pengabaian tanggungjawab, sukar membuat penyesuaian diri dan tiada komunikasi. Antara pendekatan yang dilakukan untuk mengurus konflik ialah mengadakan perbincangan, berlapang dada, bertolak ansur, menjaga hati, menghargai, sabar, redha dengan qada’ qadar Allah SWT, menjaga rahsia rumah tangga dan menghadkan aktiviti sosial yang tidak penting. Dapatan ini boleh djadikan panduan dalam pengurusan konflik rumah tangga bermadu.
Faktor luaran dan hubungannya terhadap pencapaian ujian pengesanan dan jantina pelajar dalam kemahiran menulis Bahasa Arab di Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia
Authors: Ismail Mohamad Rofian , Ghazali Ahmad Redzaudin , Abdul Latif Khairatul Akmar , Maromar Fahed , Man Saupi
Published: January 2022

This study was conducted to examine the relationship between external factors on the achievement of assessment tests and gender of students in Arabic writing skills in Malaysian Institutions of Higher Learning. A total of 140 respondents from four Malaysian higher learning institutions (MHLI) were selected, namely Sultan Zainal Abidin University (90 respondents), International Islamic University College of Selangor (25 respondents), Sultan Ahmad Shah Islamic University College, Pahang (9 respondents), and Sultan Ismail Petra International Islamic College (16 respondents) as the study sample. The data obtained were analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 22.0 software. Inferential analysis method, namely Pearson correlation was used to find the relationship between two different study variables, namely dependent variables and independent variables. The findings showed that there was no significant relationship between external factors on Arabic writing skills based on assessment tests. However, this relationship was found to be significant based on gender of students. This was because the correlation between external factors with student achievement test scores was (r = - 0.062, n = 140, p = 0.463), while the correlation between external factors on gender of students was (r = 0.181, n = 140, p = 0.032). This finding indicates that the relationship between external factors with the assessment test was irrelevant in affecting Arabic writing skills, and was not significant. However, the researchers found that external factors can significantly affect the Arabic writing skills among MHLI students based on gender through the analysis of the study obtained.
Analisis literatur sistematik: impak elemen spiritual terhadap kejayaan usahawan Muslim
Authors: Shaharuddin Syarul Azman , Abd Majid Mariam , Abdullah Muhammad Yusof Marlon , Usman Abur Hamdi , Amran Siti Nor Atiqah
Published: January 2022

The world of entrepreneurs in Malaysia has been led by Muslims. This has contributed to the growth of the Muslim economy. There are issues of failure in business management based on Islamic spiritual values. Spirituality is the process of the internal development of the soul. In Islam, it is based on faith in life, believing and trust in Allah Almighty, while application of the tauhid paradigm in both in this world and hereafter are related affairs. The purpose of the study is to analyze the potential of spiritual elements in the success of Muslim entrepreneurs. In this article, the researchers applied the Systematic Literature Review methodology, which focuses on research objectives. This article uses three (3) steps to analyze selected articles, i.e., by identification, screening, and eligibility. The outcome of this study had established five (5) journal articles that discussed spiritual elements that played an important role in the success of Muslim entrepreneurs, based on religious practices and values that were applied in entrepreneurship. The analysis found that the belief in Allah and the practice of religious values helped to enhance confidence and build the strong personality and traits of successful entrepreneurs. This is contributed by the elements of gratitude (Shukr), approval (riḍā), and reliance (tawakkal) after the best effort. Therefore, this study is expected to contribute to the research on entrepreneurship in Malaysia, especially for the Muslim community.
Mystical experience in the men of the cave: a Lacanian reading of al-Kahf
Authors: Barati Tayebeh , Abbasi Pyeaam
Published: January 2022

In his contribution to psychoanalysis, Jacques Lacan introduces three orders according to which every psychoanalytic phenomenon can be described. These three orders are the imaginary, the symbolic and the real. The imaginary is the order in which the subject thinks of everything as his/her own. For the subject there is no distinction between the other and the subject itself. In the symbolic order the subject comes to realise that there is a gap between him/her and the other. S/he, then, starts to feel a lack which for the rest of his/her life the subject tries to fill in. The real is considered as the most important order in which the subject tears away from the symbolic and tries to experience, once again, the unity it had in the imaginary order. It is in this phase that the subject experiences what is known as jouissance or the 'pleasure in pain'. The present study tries to look at the eighteenth chapter of the Holy Quran, al-Kahf (The Cave), in the light of psychoanalysis studies and Lacan's theories in order to analyse the mystical experience that the Men of the Cave go through to reach their final jouissance.
Pemakaian Sistem Torrens dalam perundangan tanah Malaysia dan kesannya terhadap Iḥyā’ al-Mawāt
Authors: Muhammad Serji Rabi'ah , Mohamad Mazliza , Mohd Hussein Safinaz
Published: January 2022

Iḥyā’ al-mawāt is one of the methods to own certain land in Islam. Anyone who clears land and works on it has a right of ownership on the land. The method to own land by iḥyā’ al-mawāt is actually was practiced in Tanah Melayu before the British colonialisation. However, during the colonial period, they introduced a land system which is known as the Torrens system. The Torrens system is a system of land administration in which registration is very important to recognised land ownership and it is in contradiction to iḥyā’ al-mawāt. This principle was applied through the enforcement of the National Land Code. The question arises whether ihya’ al-mawāt can still be applied and recognised under the Malaysian land law. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to discuss iḥyā’ al-mawāt and also to determine its place in the Malaysian land law. This paper which employs the content analysis method of court case and statute finds that iḥyā’ al-mawāt is not recognised under the Malaysian land law and further, it is an offence under section 425 of the National Land Code.
Pencegahan dadah golongan berisiko menurut pendekatan psikospiritual al-Ghazālī (W. 505 H.)
Authors: Wazir Rosni , Usman Abur Hamdi , Mohd Salleh Norsaleha , Sudi Suriani , Awang Abdul Hadi , Rosman Syamim
Published: January 2022

The issue of drug abuse nowadays is very worrying despite various research and approaches taken to address this issue. New and recurring drug addiction numbers every year indicate a crucial need for improvements in existing prevention efforts. Prevention is the best approach in combating drug abuse because of the effectiveness and cost-friendly. In addition, risk groups should be a priority in prevention approach so that drug addiction can be avoided before it occurs. Islamic psychospiritual therapy is a spiritual treatment method based on Islamic practices and divine reference. This treatment focuses on the purification of the soul, the formation of self-actualization, and spiritual enhancement which ultimate objective is seeking the pleasure of Allah Almighty. Spiritual therapy implemented in Islamic psychospiritual can form a stronghold to prevent drug use and addiction among risk groups. Al-Ghazālī was one of the most prominent and influential Islamic scholars and has produced numerous works that have been made references in the world of Islamic studies throughout the world. Thus, using qualitative methods, this article outlines Al-Ghazālī's Islamic psychospiritual module. Risk group prevention is managing the risk factors by equipping the group with protective factors. The findings of this article indicate that Islamic psychospiritual approaches discussed by al-Ghazālī contain protective factors of religious belief, endurance, self-esteem, appreciation, hope, gratitude, self-reliance, the purpose of life, and love. Therefore, addressing the issue of drug addiction based on the Islamic psychospiritual approach is a viable alternative.
Metode akidah Ḥasan al-Bannā terhadap sifat khabariyyah Allah SWT
Authors: Yaacob Muhammad Nasron
Published: January 2022

Ḥasan al-Bannā proposed his preferred faith method by applying the Salafiyyah faith method over the Khalaf faith method in understanding Allah’s khabariyyah attributes. He discussed these issues in his writings. This study aims to determine Ḥasan al-Bannā's faith method in applying ithbāt or tafwīḍ ways to Allah Almighty’s attributes in khabariyyah-related issues. This study employed a qualitative design by analysing Ḥasan al-Bannā's written works of faith based on his faith method. His three works of faith are al-‘Aqā’id pamphlet, pieces of writing on beliefs in Al-Manār magazine, and Allah fī al-‘Aqīdah al-Islāmiyyah pamphlet. The results show that the Ḥasan al-Bannā’s creed in applying the ithbāt method in his written works of faith was modest as supported by the Salafiyyah stream, rather than the tafwīḍ method considered by the Khalaf stream as the Salaf generation method.
Keistimewaan pendidikan agama Islam dan pandangan pentadbir British terhadap sistem pendidikan di Tanah Melayu
Authors: Abd Rahman Mohd Farhan , Abd Razak Muhd Imran , Mohd Noor Ahmad Firdaus , Yusuf Nurul Kamalia , Abdul Kadir Nor Adina
Published: January 2022

Majoriti pentadbir British berpegang dengan falsafah positivisme empirik logik iaitu fahaman yang mementingkan penggunaan akal sepenuhnya sebagai pendekatan utama bagi mendapatkan sesuatu fakta keilmuan dengan tepat berdasarkan kaedah penelitian yang teliti dan sistematik. Falsafah ini menolak pembuktian sesuatu fakta menggunakan sumber wahyu kerana dianggap tidak releven dalam pembuktian sejarah dan telah mewujudkan pandangan yang berat sebelah serta meragukan terhadap masyarakat Melayu di Tanah Melayu. Artikel ini menumpukan kepada analisa terhadap pandangan pentadbir British berkenaan sistem pendidikan di Tanah Melayu merangkumi pendidikan agama dan sekular, dan untuk mengetahui keistimewaan pendidikan agama Islam ke atas masyarakat Melayu. Penulis menggunakan kaedah pensejarahan, perbandingan dan analisis kandungan bagi menyiapkan kajian ini. Hasil kajian mendapati pentadbir British memperkecilkan sumbangan sistem pendidikan agama Islam di Tanah Melayu dan beranggapan kegagalan Tanah Melayu mencapai ketamadunan yang tinggi disebabkan berpegang kepada Islam yang dianggap tidak releven dengan perkembangan semasa. Justeru, bagi memperbaiki kelemahan tersebut perlaksanaan sistem pendidikan Barat dilihat sebagai langkah yang tepat bagi menerapkan fahaman sekularisme ke dalam pemikiran masyarakat Melayu di Tanah Melayu.
FORCED DEGRADATION STUDIES OF OLMESARTAN MEDOXOMIL AND CHLORTHALIDONE: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY-INDICATING RP‑HPLC METHOD
Authors: Sherje A , Sonalkar A. ,   Department of Quality Assurance, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM’s Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai - 400 056, Maharshtra, India
Published: January 2022

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of olmesartan medoxomil (OLME) and chlorthalidone (CHLOR) in tablet dosage form. The analysis was performed on Inertsil ODS C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 μ) using KH2PO4 phosphate buffer (pH) and acetonitrile as mobile phase in the proportion of 60: 40 v/v at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Detection of drugs was carried out in isocratic mode using UV detector at 275 nm. The retention time of OLME and CHLOR was 13.9 ± 0.1 min. and 4.4 ± 0.5 min., respectively and the total run time was 20 min. The method was validated according to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopeia. The percentage recoveries was found to be in the range of 98.9 - 100.7%. The method was successfully applied to the assay of OLME and CHLOR in tablet dosage form.
CHEMOMETRICS ASSISTED STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF ACETYL CYSTEINE AND AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Potluri H. ,   Department of Chemistry, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru - 521 356, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: January 2022

A simple and precise stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of acetyl cysteine and ambroxol hydrochloride in bulk and dosage form. Experimental design based evaluation using a 23 full factorial design was applied to evaluate coefficient, ANOVA for the establishment of robustness nature of the method. Kromosil (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μ) C18 column at 274 nm of UV detection was used. A composition of 0.1 % ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 28:72 (V:V) was used as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. Linearity was established over the concentration range of 50-300 μg. mL-1 for acetyl cysteine and 7.5-45 μg mL-1 for ambroxol hydrochloride. The proposed method was validated and was successfully utilized for the quantitative analysis of tablet formulations containing acetyl cysteine and ambroxol hydrochloride.
HYDROTROPIC SOLUBILISATION OF IRBESARTAN: MECHANISTIC STUDY AND DISSOLUTION PROFILING
Authors: Jose C , Amra K , Momin M. ,   Puerto Rico Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2022

Irbesartan (IB) is a water insoluble drug belonging to BCS II that exerts its anti-hypertensive effect through the blockage of angiotensin II receptors. The aqueous insolubility of IB limits its bioavailability and overall efficacy. Hydrotrophy, a solubilization technique to achieve an augmentation in aqueous solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, has recently gained a lot of interest due to its safety, economics, and use of non-toxic and non-flammable adjuvants. The present study deals with application of hydrotrophy techniques to increase the solubility of IB using sodium benzoate and urea as the hydrotropic agent. The results showed a significant enhancement in dissolution profile of IB as compared to non-hydrotropic drug. The dissolution rate and solubility comparison of both hydrotropic agents revealed that sodium benzoate has a better solubilizing efficiency than urea. Hence, it can be concluded that hydrotropic concept can be adopted as a solubility enhancement technique for poorly water-soluble drugs.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF NOVEL 2-BENZYL-6- (SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)-IMIDAZO[2,1-B] [1,3,4] THIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Singh S , Kaur Amandeep ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela (Ropar) 140 111, Punjab, India
Published: January 2022

A new series of 2-benzyl-6-(substituted phenyl)-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4] thiadiazoles (S1-S8) was synthesized as potential anti-cancer agents. These compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines. The anticancer activity data reveals that the compounds S1 (2-benzyl- 6-phenylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole) showed maximum growth inhibition against CNS cancer cell lines while the compounds S2 (2-benzyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl) imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4] thiadiazole) and S3 (2-benzyl-6-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4] thiadiazole) showed maximum inhibition against leukemia cell lines. The compounds S5 (2-(2-benzylimidazo[2,1-b] [1,3,4]thiadiazol-6-yl) phenol) and S6 (4-(2-benzylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4] thiadiazol-6-yl)benzene-1,3-diol) showed maximum inhibition against renal cancer cell lines and the compound S7 (3-(2-benzylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4] thiadiazol-6-yl) benzenamine) was most active against non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOLIC LEAF AND ROOT EXTRACTS OF CLEOME GYNANDRA
Authors: Ravishankar K , Lakshmi Prasanna Y.V.V.M. , Kiranmayi G.V.N. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Aditya College of Pharmacy, Aditya Nagar, ADB Road, Surampalem - 533 437, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published: January 2022

In vitro antioxidant and in vivo hepatoprotective activities of Cleome gynandra ethanolic leaf and root extracts were assessed. In vitro antioxidant activity was carried by DPPH, Nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical and phosphomolybdenum assays. Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.The animals were divided into seven groups (Four test groups - Ethanolic Leaf and Root Extracts of Cleome gynandra of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, standard silymarin (100 mg/kg), toxic control-carbon tetrachloride and vehicle). On the eight day, the blood was collected and parameters like serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Total bilirubin (TB) were estimated. Significant antioxidant status with good IC50 values similar to standard ascorbic acid was obtained. A significant decrease in liver enzymes was observed in test groups comparable to silymarin. From the results obtained, ethanolic leaf extract has contributed better hepatoprotection compared with root extract in experimental rats.
A VALIDATED SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF POLYSORBATE 80 FROM PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATION
Authors: Parmar V. K , Brahmbhatt H. R. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar – 388 120, Anand, Gujarat, India
Published: January 2022

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for the determination of the non-ionic surfactant, polysorbate 80, from pharmaceutical formulation. The proposed method is based on a fluorescence enhancement of the probe (eosin B dye) with addition of polysorbate 80. The eosin B concentration was optimised and found to be 4μg/mL. The fluorescence intensity was measured in a diluting solvent, citric acid buffer (pH 4.0) using excitation and emission wavelengths, 545 nm and 580 nm, respectively. The fluorescence intensity was found to be liner over a concentration range of 16-80 μg/mL of polysorbate 80 with a high correlation coefficient (r = 0.9990). The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and limit of quantification and specificity. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for polysorbate 80 were found to be 2 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL, respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of polysorbate 80 in ophthalmic solution and micro emulsion.
RP-HPLC AND HPTLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR ESTIMATION OF DOLUTEGRAVIR IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Ghante M. R. , Sawant S. D , Undre M. , Jagtap S. G , Kulkarni P. , Nikam V. S ,   Sinhgad Technical Education Society, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy [Kondhwa], S. P. Pune University, Pune - 411 048, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

Dolutegravir (DTG) is a second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), antiretroviral drug. RP-HPLC and HPTLC methods have been developed and validated for DTG in bulk and tablet dosage form. In HPLC method, analysis was carried out on C-18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) in the ratio of (90:10 V/V) as mobile phase at the flow rate 1 mL/min at 261 nm. The method was found to be linear in the concentration range 10-70 μg/mL. Peak for DTG was observed at 2.8 ± 0.1 minutes. For HPTLC method proper resolution was achieved with toluene: methanol: formic acid 7:3:0.1(V/V/V) as the mobile phase at 334 nm. HPTLC method was found to be linear in concentration range of 200-600 ng/band. Rf value of DTG was found to be 0.496 ± 0.0055. Developed methods were validated as per ICH guidelines Q2(R1) and were found to be accurate, precise, simple and robust.
EXTRACTION, QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION AND SPECTRAL IDENTIFICATION OF CARNOSIC ACID – A DITERPENE ANTIOXIDANT FROM ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS
Authors: Usha Rani N , Prasad Rao P.T.S.R.K. ,   Department of Freshman Engineering, Prasad V. Potluri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh - 520 007, India
Published: January 2022

Carnosic acid is a benzenediol abietane diterpene having antioxidant and other medicinal activities. The medicinally active compound carnosic acid was isolated from leaves of the herb Rosmarinus officinalis. A simple solid-liquid extraction with solvent acetone in Soxhlet extractor was used for the extraction of compound from the plant source. The purity of the compound was studied using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS) studies and the results were compared with standard carnosic acid. The result proves that the isolated compound was found to have 98.10% purity and no other impurities were observed. The molecular structure of the isolated compound was derived using spectral studies like UV, IR, NMR, C13 and mass spectroscopy. The spectral study proves that the compound has a molecular structure of 332 g/mol and molecular formula of C20H28O4.The molecular mass, formula and the molecular structure of the isolated compound was found to be similar to that of standard carnosic acid.
SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF 3,4-DIHYDROPYRIMIDIN- 2(1H)-ONE ANALOGS
Authors: Darekar M , Mehendale M. S. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vivekanand Education Society’s College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to University of Mumbai Chembur (E), Mumbai - 400 074, Maharashtra, India
Published: January 2022

This paper reports synthesis of functionalized 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) via a three component condensation reaction. The synthesized molecules were tested against bacterial strains Bacillus subtilis and Escherechia coli and against fungal strains Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.Compounds 4d, 4h, 4l, 4p were found to exhibit very moderate antibacterial activity while compounds 4d, 4l showed very moderate antifungal activity as compared to standards ciprofloxacin and fluconazole.
Inter-rater agreement among shoulder surgeons on treatment options for proximal humeral fractures among shoulder surgeons
Authors: Kim Hyojune , Song Si-Jung , Jeon In-Ho , Koh Kyoung Hwan
Published: January 2022

Background: The treatment approach for proximal humeral fractures is determined by various factors, including patient age, sex, dominant arm, fracture pattern, presence of osteoporosis, preexisting arthritis, rotator cuff status, and medical comorbidities. However, there is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding the optimal treatment for displaced proximal humeral fractures. This study aimed to assess and quantify the decision-making process for either conservative or surgical treatment and the choice of surgical method among shoulder surgeons when treating proximal humeral fractures.Methods: Forty sets of true anteroposterior view, scapular Y projection view, and three-dimensional computed tomograms of proximal humeral fractures were provided to 12 shoulder surgeons along with clinical information. Surveys regarding Neer classification, decisions between conservative and surgical treatments, and chosen methods were conducted twice with an interval of 2 months. The factors affecting the treatment plans were also assessed.Results: The inter-rater agreement was fair for Neer classification (kappa=0.395), moderate for the decision between conservative and surgical treatments (kappa=0.528), and substantial for the chosen method of surgical treatment (kappa=0.740). The percentage of agreement was 71.1% for Neer classification, 84.6% for the decision between conservative and surgical treatment, and 96.4% for the chosen method of surgical treatment. The fracture pattern was the most crucial factor in deciding between conservative and surgical treatments, followed by age and physical activity.Conclusions: The decision between conservative and surgical treatment for proximal humeral fractures showed good agreement, while the chosen method between osteosynthesis and arthroplasty showed substantial agreement among shoulder surgeons.
Debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention in infected shoulder arthroplasty caused by Serratia marcescens: a case report
Authors: Lim Sungjoon , Lee Jun-Bum , Shin Myoung Yeol , Jeon In-Ho
Published: January 2022

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating complications that can occur after shoulder arthroplasty. Although staged revision arthroplasty is the standard treatment in many cases, surgical intervention with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) can be an effective option for acute PJI. We report a complex case of infected reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in a 73-year-old male. The patient had been previously treated for infected nonunion of a proximal humerus fracture caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. He presented with a sinus tract 16 days after the implantation of RSA and was diagnosed with PJI caused by Serratia marcescens. The patient was successfully treated with DAIR and was free of infection at the last follow-up visit at 4 years postoperatively.
Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors:   Stony Brook University, Blair Adam , O'Byrne Anne ,   Stony Brook University
Published: January 2022

The Collegium Phaenomenologicum has met in Umbria, Italy every summer since 1976; only COVID made it pause, and hopefully only temporarily. It has been a forum for deep and broad discussion of the phenomenological tradition; it has also been a place where that tradition has itself been broadened and deepened by generations of thinkers who came to study the classical texts and to do phenomenology. In 2019, over the course of three weeks in July, in three lecture courses, several talks by visiting faculty, twelve text seminars sessions, art workshops, and very many informal talks over dinner, on the terrace, and on long walks through the town of Città di Castello and beyond, the Collegium worked on the question of critical phenomenology.
What is Phenomenological about Critical Phenomenology? Guenther, Al-Saji, and the Husserlian Account of Attitudes
Authors:   The Pennsylvania State University, Laferté-Coutu Mérédith
Published: January 2022

Since Gayle Salamon’s 2018 article “What is Critical about Critical Phenomenology?”, phenomenologists and critical theorists have offered various responses to the question this title poses. In doing this, they articulated the following considerations: is renewed criticality targeting the phenomenological method itself, does it expand its subject matter to marginalized experiences, does it retool key phenomenological concepts? One aspect of this debate that has been left under-interrogated, however, is the word “phenomenology” itself. There is after all another question to ask in this context: what is phenomenological about critical phenomenology? Many avenues of response are of course possible. Phenomenology could most broadly be meant as an approach that concerns itself with what is given in experience in order to describe the structures of that givenness. From a Husserlian perspective, pure phenomenology is the science which concerns itself with phenomena in the full and diverse sense of the word—not as understood by specific natural or human sciences. What is distinctive of phenomenology is thus not what subset or type of phenomena it is interested in but how it relates to them, which, as Husserl introduces Ideas I, happens “in a completely different attitude.”
Antiviral Effects of Plant Extracts Used in the Treatment of Important Animal Viral Diseases
Authors: Gamil Zeedan Gamil Sayed , Abdalhamed Abeer Mostafa
Published: January 2022

The goal of this review was to highlight some plant species that have significant antiviral activity against DNA and RNA viruses in vitro and in vivo although more research is needed to address safety issues, drug interactions, and the possibility of using them in combination with other natural products. Viral infection plays an important role in human and animal diseases. Although there have been advances in immunization and antiviral drugs, there is still a lack of protective vaccines and effective antiviral drugs in human and veterinary medicine. The lack of effective antivirals necessitates the search for new effective antiviral compounds. Plants are naturally gifted at synthesizing antiviral compounds. They are rich sources of phytochemicals with different biological activities, including antiviral activities as a result of advanced analytical chemistry, standard virus assays, and development of standardization and extraction methods. Plant extracts have a wide variety of active compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, sulphides, polyphenolics, coumarins, saponins, furyl compounds, alkaloids, polyines, thiophenes, proteins, and peptides. Moreover, certain volatile oils have indicated a high level of antiviral activity. Replication, assembly, and release, as well as targeting virus host-specific interactions capable of inhibiting several viruses, could help the development of broad-spectrum antivirals for the prevention and control of viral pathogens. The in vitro antiviral activities of Erythroxylum deciduum, Lacistema hasslerianum (chodat), Xylopia aromatica, Heteropteris aphrodisiaca, Acacia nilotica (gum arabic tree), Lippia graveolens (Guettarda angelica (Velvetseed), Prunus myrtifolia, and Symphyopappus plant extracts can inhibite viral replication, and interfer with the early stages of viral adsorption of DNA viruses. However, Boesenbergia rotunda plant extracts have inhibited RNA viruses. A potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor with B. rotunda extract and panduratin A after viral infection drastically suppresses SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in Vero E6 cells.