bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of an improved Kelvin probe force microscope for accurate local potential measurements on biased electronic devices
Authors: BERCU N.B. , GIRAUDET L. , SIMONETTI O. , MOLINARI M.
Published: April 2017

An improved setup for accurate near‐field surface potential measurements and characterisation of biased electronic devices using the Kelvin Probe method has been developed. Using an external voltage source synchronised with the raster‐scan of the KPFM‐AM, this setup allows to avoid potential measurement errors of the conventional Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy in the case ofin situmeasurements on biased electronic devices. This improved KPFM‐AM setup has been tested on silicon‐based devices and organic semiconductor‐based devices such as organic field effect transistors (OFETs), showing differences up to 25% compared to the standard KPFM‐AM lift‐mode measurement method.
Product Strategy and Antitrust: A Consumer Choice Perspective
Authors: Petty Ross D.
Published: April 2017

Traditionally antitrust law is strongly tied to price theory economics so that prices, costs, profits, and profit sacrifice are typically examined in antitrust cases. This paper proposes broadening traditional antitrust analysis to also explicitly examine the likely effect of allegedly anticompetitive conduct on product options and consumer choice. In order to accomplish this task, this paper proposes that various aspects of marketing strategy should be considered when examining product strategies that are accused of being anticompetitive. This paper further suggests that the current list of inconsistently and poorly defined product strategies used by the courts be augmented by three more straight forward but overlapping categories based on impact on consumer choice: Lock‐Outs, Lock‐Ins, and Hold‐Ups.
Patient perspectives on the optimal start of renal replacement therapy
Authors: Henry Shayna L. , Munoz‐Plaza Corrine , Garcia Delgadillo Jazmine , Mihara Nichole K. , Rutkowski Mark P.
Published: April 2017

Background

Healthcare systems and providers are encouraged to prepare their patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) for a planned start to renal replacement therapies (RRT). Less well understood are the socioemotional experiences surrounding the optimal start of RRT versus suboptimal haemodialysis (HD) starts with a central catheter.

Objectives

To characterise the experiences of patients beginning RRT.

Design

Qualitative, semi‐structured phone interviews.

Participants

A total of 168 patients with stage 5 CKD initiating RRT in an integrated, capitated learning healthcare system.

Approach

Qualitative data from patients were collected as part of a quality improvement initiative to better understand patient‐reported themes concerning preparation for RRT, patients’ perceptions of their transition to dialysis and why sub‐optimal starts for RRT occur within our healthcare system. Dual review and verification was used to identify key phrases and themes within and across each domain, using both deductive a priori codes generated by the interview guide and grounded discovery of emergent themes.

Results

From the patient perspective, preparing for RRT is an experience rooted in deep feelings of fear. In addition, a number of key factors contributed to patients’ preparation (or failure to prepare) for RRT. While the education provided by our system was viewed as adequate overall, patients often felt that their emotional and psychosocial needs went unmet, regardless of whether or not, they experienced an optimal dialysis start.

Conclusions

Future efforts should incorporate additional strategies for helping patients with advanced CKD achieve emotional and psychological safety while preparing for RRT.
Assessment, teacher education and the emergence of professional expertise
Authors: Ellis Sue , Smith Vivienne
Published: April 2017

This paper describes a new assessment tool that situates school literacy as a specific cognitive, cultural, social and emotional. It reports evidence of the extent to which this tool seems to have helped student teachers to broker and balance different kinds of data and knowledge flows. The study shows that the tool was helpful in encouraging student teachers to deepen their understanding of individual knowledge domains and to orchestrate across them to determine pathways to impact, learning priorities and actions. Its theoretical contribution is to suggest that there are benefits in recasting assessment and the professional knowledge that underpins it as a problem of how to align evidence from different theoretical and practice knowledge communities. Its contribution to the policy debate is to suggest that this could create a climate for more productive conversations between researchers, policy makers and practitioner communities.
Mergers Along the Global Supply Chain: Information Technologies and Routine Tasks
Authors: Basco Sergi , Mestieri Martí
Published: April 2017

This paper empirically analyses how the adoption of Information Technologies (IT) has changed the organization of global supply chains. We focus on international mergers, which are a growing and important component of foreign direct investment. We use data on North–South mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We show that the effect of IT adoption on the number of vertical M&As is decreasing with the routine intensity of the industry. Our interpretation is that the IT revolution enabled new monitoring mechanisms. This allowed Northern headquarters to better monitor suppliers, especially those in less routine‐intensive industries –which were harder to monitor before.
Current use of factor concentrates in pediatric cardiac anesthesia
Authors: Guzzetta Nina A. , Williams Glyn D.
Published: April 2017

Excessive bleeding following pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, both from the effects of hemorrhage and the therapies employed to achieve hemostasis. Neonates and infants are especially at risk because their coagulation systems are immature, surgeries are often complex, and cardiopulmonary bypass technologies are inappropriately matched to patient size and physiology. Consequently, these young children receive substantial amounts of adult‐derived blood products to restore adequate hemostasis. Adult and pediatric data demonstrate associations between blood product transfusions and adverse patient outcomes. Thus, efforts to limit bleeding after pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass and minimize allogeneic blood product exposure are warranted. The off‐label use of factor concentrates, such as fibrinogen concentrate, recombinant activated factor VII, and prothrombin complex concentrates, is increasing as these hemostatic agents appear to offer several advantages over conventional blood products. However, recognizing that these agents have the potential for both benefit and harm, well‐designed studies are needed to enhance our knowledge and to determine the optimal use of these agents. In this review, our primary objective was to examine the evidence regarding the use of factor concentrates to treat bleeding after pediatric CPB and identify where further research is required. PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID, The Cochrane Library and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were systematically searched to identify existing studies.
Application of induced pluripotent stem cells to understand neurobiological basis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: Liu Yao‐Nan , Lu Si‐Yao , Yao Jun
Published: April 2017

The etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, usually involves complex combinations of genetic defects/variations and environmental impacts, which hindered, for a long time, research efforts based on animal models and patients’ non‐neuronal cells or post‐mortem tissues. However, the development of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology by the Yamanaka group was immediately applied to establish cell research models for neuronal disorders. Since then, techniques to achieve highly efficient differentiation of different types of neural cells following iPSC modeling have made much progress. The fast‐growing iPSC and neural differentiation techniques have brought valuable insights into the pathology and neurobiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article, we first review the application of iPSC technology in modeling neuronal disorders and discuss the progress in the accompanying neural differentiation. Then, we summarize the progress in iPSC‐based research that has been accomplished so far regarding schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
Sonography of Arteriovenous Fistulas and Grafts
Authors: Pietryga Jason A. , Little Mark D. , Robbin Michelle L.
Published: April 2017

Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) are the vascular accesses of choice for long‐term hemodialysis. Strategies to establish and maintain functioning AVFs and AVGs are essential. In addition to clinical evaluation, ultrasound plays a critical role in the evaluation and maintenance of AVFs and AVGs. AVFs have a high rate of failure to mature which can be reliably diagnosed with ultrasound. Treatable etiologies of the failure to mature can often be diagnosed with ultrasound. Causes of secondary AVG failure can also be diagnosed with ultrasound and treated. AVGs have a relatively short functional life expectancy due to a high rate of AVG thrombosis. Ultrasound is a safe, noninvasive way to diagnose vascular stenosis in both AVFs and AVGs prior to thrombosis, potentially saving the access. Routine surveillance ultrasound of asymptomatic AVFs and AVGs is controversial with conflicting studies on its benefit. Routine surveillance ultrasound of AVFs and AVGs is not common practice.
Spatial‐specific functions in retrograde neuronal signalling
Authors: Zahavi Eitan Erez , Maimon Roy , Perlson Eran
Published: April 2017

Neurons are highly polarized cells, possessing long axons that can extend to more than 1‐m long in adult humans. In order to survive and maintain proper functions, neurons have to respond accurately in both space and time to intracellular or intercellular cues. The regulation of these comprehensive responses involves ligand‐receptor interactions, trafficking and local protein synthesis. Alterations in these mechanisms can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. Although studies on the transport and localization of signalling endosomes along the axon have shed light on some central pathways of neuronal survival and growth as well as synapse function, little is known about the spatiotemporal mechanisms that allow the same molecule to signal differently at diverse subcellular locations and in specific neuronal populations. In this review, we will provide an overview of retrograde axonal signalling mechanisms and discuss new advances in our understanding of the spatial‐specific regulation of neuronal signalling and functions, mechanisms that allow the same signal to have a different effect in another subcellular location.
Increased filaggrin‐metabolizing enzyme activity in atopic skin: a pilot study using a canine model of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Fanton Natalia , Santoro Domenico , Cornegliani Luisa , Marsella Rosanna
Published: April 2017

Background

Filaggrin (FLG) and its metabolites are essential for skin barrier function and hydration of the stratum corneum. Alteration of the FLG metabolism could be the basis for an abnormal skin barrier in allergic dogs.

Objectives

To investigate the expression and distribution of calpain‐1, caspase‐14, furin and matriptase, four enzymes involved in FLG metabolism, in the skin of atopic and healthy beagles.

Methods

Skin biopsies were collected from four healthy and four atopic beagles before and after allergen exposure. The dogs were challenged for three consecutive days to mimic an acute exposure, or once weekly to mimic a chronic exposure to allergens. Skin biopsies were taken on days 0 (nonlesional), 3 and 10 in the “acute” model and on days 0 (nonlesional), 14 and 28 in the “chronic” model. Four healthy dogs were used as controls. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to analyse the distribution and the expression of FLG enzymes in a semi‐quantitative manner. Five consecutive pictures/section were taken and the intensity analysed tracing the epidermis and using ImageJ on the traced areas. The enzymes’ expression was compared between healthy and atopic nonlesional skin (Day 0) and over time in each group.

Results

All enzymes were expressed in all layers of the epidermis. A significantly higher expression of calpain‐1 (P = 0.028), caspase 14 (P = 0.028) and matriptase (P = 0.028) was evident in atopic compared to control dogs on Day 0. No differences over time were seen for any enzyme analysed.

Conclusions and clinical importance

This preliminary study suggests an abnormal catabolism of FLG in canine atopic skin.
Patients’ Perceptions of a Pressure Ulcer Prevention Care Bundle in Hospital: A Qualitative Descriptive Study to Guide Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Roberts Shelley , Wallis Marianne , McInnes Elizabeth , Bucknall Tracey , Banks Merrilyn , Ball Lauren , Chaboyer Wendy
Published: April 2017

Background

Pressure ulcers place a significant burden on patients and hospitals. Our team developed and tested a pressure ulcer prevention care bundle (PUPCB) in a cluster randomized trial. As part of the process evaluation conducted alongside the trial, we explored patients’ perceptions of the intervention.

Aims

To identify patients’ perceptions and experiences of a PUPCB in hospital.

Methods

This qualitative descriptive study explored the perceptions of a subset of patients who participated in a trial testing the PUPCB across four intervention hospitals. A trained interviewer conducted semistructured interviews, which were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Findings

Nineteen patients were interviewed across the four hospitals. Three main themes emerged: (a) importance of personal contact in PUPCB delivery; (b) understanding pressure ulcer prevention (PUP) enhances participation; and (c) individual factors impact patients’ engagement in PUP.

Discussion

The extent to which patients adopted the intervention appeared to be influenced by the complexity of education materials, compatibility with patients’ existing knowledge and beliefs, and perceived advantage of the intervention; ability for human interaction; and patient‐related facilitators and barriers to participating in PUP care.

Linking Evidence to Action

This study found patients accepted a PUPCB that encouraged participation in care, particularly as it involved personal and positive interactions with nurses and provision of information that was easy to understand and resonated with patients.
Determination of Optimum Tilt Angle for Different Photovoltaic Technologies Considering Ambient Conditions: A Case Study for Burdur, Turkey
Authors: Ayaz Ramazan , Durusu Ali , Akca Hakan
Published: April 2017

This study presents a numerical approach to calculate the optimum photovoltaic (PV) tilt angle by considering the three different PV technologies (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin film). This analysis focuses on determination of optimum tilt angle considering seasonal and yearly solar radiation on a plane (Wh/m2) and seasonal and yearly energy production (Wh) of PVs. The angle at maximum global radiation and maximum energy output is considered as the optimum tilt angle. It is found that optimum tilt angles obtained by total radiation and total energy output are different from each other considering seasonal and yearly base. Total radiation-based tilt angle results show that the optimum tilt angle is 13 deg in spring, 9 deg in summer, 17 deg in autumn, 12 deg in winter, and 12 deg as yearly. Energy production-based optimum tilt angles vary from 5 deg to 13 deg for monocrystalline, from 11 deg to 15 deg for polycrystalline, and from 12 deg to 25 deg for thin film technology according to seasonal and yearly tilt angle results.
Thermal Performance and Operation of a Solar Tubular Receiver With CO2 as the Heat Transfer Fluid
Authors: Soo Too Yen Chean , Diago López Maite , Cassard Hannah , Duffy Gregory , Benito Regano , Navio Raul
Published: April 2017

A high-temperature, high-pressure solar receiver was designed as part of the advanced thermal energy storage project carried out in collaboration with Abengoa Solar NT at CSIRO Energy Centre in Newcastle, Australia, with support through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA). The cavity-type receiver with tubular absorbers was successfully installed and commissioned, using concentrated solar energy to raise the temperature of CO2 gas to 750 °C at 700 kPa in a pressurized, closed loop system. Stand-alone solar receiver tests were carried out to investigate the thermal characteristics of the 250 kWt solar receiver. The on-sun full-load test successfully achieved an outlet gas temperature of 750 °C while operating below the maximum allowable tube temperature limit (1050 °C) and with a maximum pressure drop of 22 kPa. The corresponding estimated receiver thermal efficiency values at full flow rate were 75% estimated based on measured receiver temperatures and heat losses calculations for both single aim-point and multiple aim-point heliostat control strategies. The use of a quartz glass window affixed to the receiver cavity aperture was tried as a means for improving the receiver efficiency by reducing convective heat losses from the receiver aperture. However, while it did appear to significantly reduce convective losses, a more effective metal support frame design is necessary to avoid damage to the window caused by stresses introduced as a result of distortion of the supports due to heating by the spillage of rays from the heliostat field.
An Improved Mathematical Model of Galton Board With Velocity-Dependent Restitution
Authors: Mat Daud Auni Aslah
Published: April 2017

A Galton board is an instrument invented in 1873 by Francis Galton (1822–1911). It is a box with a glass front and many horizontal nails or pins embedded in the back and a funnel. Galton and many modern statisticians claimed that a lead ball descending to the bottom of the Galton board would display random walk. In this study, a new mathematical model of Galton board is developed, to further improve three very recently proposed models. The novel contribution of this paper is the introduction of the velocity-dependent coefficient of restitution. The developed model is then analyzed using symbolic dynamics. The results of the symbolic dynamics analysis prove that the developed Galton board model does not behave the way Galton envisaged.
An Efficient Numerical Simulation for Solving Dynamical Systems With Uncertainty
Authors: Ahmadian Ali , Salahshour Soheil , Chan Chee Seng , Baleanu Dumitur
Published: April 2017

In a wide range of real-world physical and dynamical systems, precise defining of the uncertain parameters in their mathematical models is a crucial issue. It is well known that the usage of fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) is a way to exhibit these possibilistic uncertainties. In this research, a fast and accurate type of Runge–Kutta (RK) methods is generalized that are for solving first-order fuzzy dynamical systems. An interesting feature of the structure of this technique is that the data from previous steps are exploited that reduce substantially the computational costs. The major novelty of this research is that we provide the conditions of the stability and convergence of the method in the fuzzy area, which significantly completes the previous findings in the literature. The experimental results demonstrate the robustness of our technique by solving linear and nonlinear uncertain dynamical systems.
A Mathematical Model-Based Optimization Method for Direct Metal Deposition of Multimaterials
Authors: Yan Jingyuan , Battiato Ilenia , Fadel Georges M.
Published: April 2017

During the past few years, metal-based additive manufacturing technologies have evolved and may enable the direct fabrication of heterogeneous objects with full spatial material variations. A heterogeneous object has potentially many advantages, and in many cases can realize the appearance and/or functionality that homogeneous objects cannot achieve. In this work, we employ a preprocess computing combined with a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on the modeling of the direct metal deposition (DMD) of dissimilar materials to optimize the fabrication process. The optimization methodology is applied to the deposition of Inconel 718 and Ti–6Al–4V powders with prescribed powder feed rates. Eight design variables are accounted in the example, including the injection angles, injection velocities, and injection nozzle diameters for the two materials, as well as the laser power and scanning speed. The multi-objective optimization considers that the laser energy consumption and the powder waste during the fabrication process should be minimized. The optimization software modeFRONTIER® is used to drive the computation procedure with a matlab code. The results show the design and objective spaces of the Pareto optimal solutions and enable the users to select preferred setting configurations from the set of optimal solutions. A feasible design is selected which corresponds to a relatively low material cost, with laser power 370 W, scanning speed 55 mm/s, injection angles 15 deg, injection velocities 45 m/s for Inconel 718, 30 m/s for Ti–6Al–4V, and nozzle widths 0.5 mm under the given condition.
Bauschinger Effect Prediction in Thick-Walled Autofrettaged Cylindrical Pressure Vessels
Authors: Bastun V. , Podil'chuk I.
Published: April 2017

The paper addresses the Bauschinger effect under complex stress state in materials with deformation-induced anisotropy whose strain hardening is described by the isotropic–kinematic (translational) type hardening hypothesis. The Bauschinger effect is analyzed using the model based on the yield surface conception and graphical–analytical method of construction of constitutive equations under complex loading. As an example, cylindrical pressure vessels with closed and open ends subjected to autofrettage are considered. The tension–compression Bauschinger effect in the axial and hoop directions as well as the Bauschinger effect under reversed torsion with respect to the longitudinal axis is determined. The role of such factors as the level of prestraining under autofrettage, relation between isotropic and kinematic components of the strain hardening, and chemical composition of the material is analyzed. The results obtained are presented in the form of plots.
Questioning the uncritical acceptance of neuroscience in child and family policy and practice: A review of challenges to the current doxa
Authors: Beddoe Liz , Joy Eileen
Published: April 2017

INTRODUCTION: Recent directions in child and family policy in many Anglophone countries, including Aotearoa New Zealand, are underpinned by the adoption of prevention science which is used to justify state interventions into the lives of families deemed vulnerable or troubled.METHODS: We conducted an examination of trends, firstly examining recent child welfare and protection policy. We discuss the science that underpins significant changes in policy and explore how this use of the available science dovetails with the dogma of the Western neoliberal agenda. FINDINGS: The invocation of science in the struggle to reduce child maltreatment may be reassuring to politicians, policy developers and practitioners alike but a critical analysis is largely missing in the discourse in Aotearoa New Zealand.CONCLUSIONS: Neuroscience is adopted largely uncritically in social policy in relation to child welfare and child protection. It can contribute to policy but other knowledge from social science findings about contextual factors in child maltreatment such as poverty, racism and class-based assumptions about parenting norms must not be ignored in social work practice.
Creating and probing quantum dot molecules with the scanning tunneling microscope
Authors: Pan Yi , Kanisawa Kiyoshi , Fölsch Stefan
Published: April 2017

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operated at 5 K was used to reposition positively charged In adatoms on the InAs(111)A-(2 × 2) surface with atomic-scale precision. Vertical atom manipulation allows for a reversible and highly reliable exchange of individual In atoms between the surface and the apex of the STM tip. Chains of In adatoms assembled in this way create an attractive potential for surface-state electrons. The resulting chain-confined states have wavefunctions with n lobes and n – 1 nodes, establishing the generic properties of a quantum dot (QD) with a perfectly defined level structure. In a second step, QD assemblies are constructed whose quantum coupling has no intrinsic variation but can nonetheless be tuned over a wide range. The states of these QD molecules can be described by standard molecular-orbital theory in terms of their bonding–antibonding character and degeneracy, providing a simple and transparent means to predict the level structure of coupled QDs assembled one atom at a time.
Psychometric function estimation by probabilistic classification
Authors: Song Xinyu D. , Garnett Roman , Barbour Dennis L.
Published: April 2017

Conventional psychometric function (PF) estimation involves fitting a parametric, unidimensional sigmoid to binary subject responses, which is not readily extendible to higher order PFs. This study presents a nonparametric, Bayesian, multidimensional PF estimator that also relies upon traditional binary subject responses. This technique is built upon probabilistic classification (PC), which attempts to ascertain the subdomains corresponding to each subject response as a function of multiple independent variables. Increased uncertainty in the location of class boundaries results in a greater spread in the PF estimate, which is similar to a parametric PF estimate with a lower slope. PC was evaluated on both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) simulated auditory PFs across a variety of function shapes and sample numbers. In the 1D case, PC demonstrated equivalent performance to conventional maximum likelihood regression for the same number of simulated responses. In the 2D case, where the responses were distributed across two independent variables, PC accuracy closely matched the accuracy of 1D maximum likelihood estimation at discrete values of the second variable. The flexibility and scalability of the PC formulation make this an excellent option for estimating traditional PFs as well as more complex PFs, which have traditionally lacked rigorous estimation procedures.
Spatial analysis and auralization of room acoustics using a tetrahedral microphone
Authors: Amengual Garí Sebastià V. , Lachenmayr Winfried , Mommertz Eckard
Published: April 2017

A compact tetrahedral microphone array is used to measure several controlled sound fields and compare the analysis of spatial room impulse responses with two methods: spatial decomposition method (SDM) and IRIS, a commercial system based on sound intensity vector analysis. Results suggest that the spatial accuracy of both methods is similar and in most cases the error is comparable to the localization uncertainty of human listeners. Furthermore, a listening test is conducted comparing three 3D-sound fields and their SDM auralizations. Results suggest that the similarity of the auralized and original sound fields depends on the target room and stimulus.
Analysis of Noise-Induced Chaos-Order Transitions in Rulkov Model Near Crisis Bifurcations
Authors: Bashkirtseva Irina , Ryashko Lev
Published: April 2017

Noise-induced transitions from chaos to order in nonlinear systems with crisis bifurcations are studied. In this study, a discrete-time Rulkov system is used as a conceptual model of the neuronal activity. We investigate probabilistic mechanisms of noise-induced transitions from chaotic spiking to quiescence in zones of crisis bifurcations. To analyze these transitions parametrically, we apply a mathematical technique based on the stochastic sensitivity functions and confidence domains. A stochastic phenomenon of the shifts of crisis bifurcation points and the expansion of the order window under increasing noise is discussed and analyzed. Using our analytical approach, we construct a parametric description of chaotic and regular regimes for the randomly forced Rulkov model.
A Memristor-Based Lorenz Circuit and Its Stabilization via Variable-Time Impulsive Control
Authors: Wu Po , Li Chuandong , He Xing , Huang Tingwen
Published: April 2017

In this paper, an off-the-shelf memristor emulator of the quadratic memristor is developed and applied to a Lorenz circuit. The impulsive stabilization of the chaotic system by variable moments of impulses is investigated. By B-equivalence method, the considered variable-time impulsive system can be reduced to the fixed-time impulsive one. The simulations of the chaotic behavior verify the effectiveness of the emulator-based memristive system. The stability simulations support the validity of the method.
Nonlinear Dynamics of Flexible L-Shaped Beam Based on Exact Modes Truncation
Authors: Yu Tian-Jun , Zhang Wei , Yang Xiao-Dong
Published: April 2017

Nonlinear dynamics of flexible multibeam structures modeled as an L-shaped beam are investigated systematically considering the modal interactions. Taking into account nonlinear coupling and nonlinear inertia, Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the partial differential governing equations of the structure. Exact mode functions are obtained by the coupled linear equations governing the horizontal and vertical beams and the results are verified by the finite element method. Then the exact modes are adopted to truncate the partial differential governing equations into two coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using Galerkin method. The undamped free oscillations are studied in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions and results indicate that the energy exchanges are continual between the two modes. The saturation and jumping phenomena are then observed for the forced damped multibeam structure. Further, a higher-dimensional, Melnikov-type perturbation method is used to explore the physical mechanism leading to chaotic behaviors for such an autoparametric system. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical predictions.
Design and FPGA Implementation of a Universal Chaotic Signal Generator Based on the Verilog HDL Fixed-Point Algorithm and State Machine Control
Authors: Qiu Mo , Yu Simin , Wen Yuqiong , Lü Jinhu , He Jianbin , Lin Zhuosheng
Published: April 2017

In this paper, a novel design methodology and its FPGA hardware implementation for a universal chaotic signal generator is proposed via the Verilog HDL fixed-point algorithm and state machine control. According to continuous-time or discrete-time chaotic equations, a Verilog HDL fixed-point algorithm and its corresponding digital system are first designed. In the FPGA hardware platform, each operation step of Verilog HDL fixed-point algorithm is then controlled by a state machine. The generality of this method is that, for any given chaotic equation, it can be decomposed into four basic operation procedures, i.e. nonlinear function calculation, iterative sequence operation, iterative values right shifting and ceiling, and chaotic iterative sequences output, each of which corresponds to only a state via state machine control. Compared with the Verilog HDL floating-point algorithm, the Verilog HDL fixed-point algorithm can save the FPGA hardware resources and improve the operation efficiency. FPGA-based hardware experimental results validate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed approach.
Lab of Things in Education
Authors: Samuel Arjmand , Mohamedally Dean , Banerjee Nilanjan , Brush A. J. , Mahajan Ratul
Published: April 2017

Lately, much has been said about the Internet of Things and how it is going to change how we will live, work and play. Strategy Analytics forecasts that by 2020, every person on the planet will carry four connected devices [1]. The majority of this growth will be driven by the interconnection of devices, sensors, smart objects and the like, and is expected to usher in changes to almost all aspects of our lives. This change will require, on the one hand, large-scale design, development and deployment of cloud and network systems; and on the other hand, design of hardware sensors, actuators, software middleware, and network protocols.
Internetworking with Bluetooth Low Energy
Authors: Hansen Christopher J.
Published: April 2017

Recent developments in the Bluetooth SIG have made Bluetooth Low Energy (LE), marketed as Bluetooth Smart, a strong contender for the underlying wireless technology in many IoT applications. The key strengths of Bluetooth LE are its very low power and widespread adoption. Recently, many indoor location applications have turned to Bluetooth LE. However, IEEE 802.11 and 802.15.4 based Zigbee have the lead in networking with IP. The new Bluetooth 4.2 Core Specification and Internet Protocol Support Profile improves the IP capabilities of Bluetooth. For networked IoT applications that demand the lowest power, Bluetooth LE may become the technology of choice.
ACTIVITY RECOGNITION ON SMART DEVICES
Authors: Blunck Henrik , Bhattacharya Sourav , Stisen Allan , Prentow Thor Siiger , Kjærgaard Mikkel Baun , Dey Anind , Jensen Mads Møller , Sonne Tobias
Published: April 2017

Smart consumer devices are omnipresent in our everyday lives. We find novel interesting applications of smart devices, such as mobile phones, tablets, smartwatches and smartglasses, in monitoring personal health, tracking sporting performances, identifying physical activities and obtaining navigation information among many others. These novel applications make use of a large variety of the smart devices' sensors, such as accelerometer, gyroscope and GPS. However, the usefulness of these applications relies often primarily on the abilities of interpreting noisy, and often biased, measurements from said sensors in order to extract high-level context information, such as the activity currently performed by the user.
THE ONCE AND FUTURE INTERNET OF EVERYTHING
Authors: Culler David E.
Published: April 2017

I am often asked these days, "Is IoT really as transformative as all the buzz suggests, or is it a lot of hype?" My answer is simply, "Yes." And the road to here has been a fascinating interplay of academic research accomplishments, industry advances (often with other drivers), and standardization processes (for lack of a better term). It was predictable that today we would be poised for the "next tier" of the Internet to take off, but the endgame seems to be even messier than expected.
PASSIVE WI-FI
Authors: Kellogg Bryce , Talla Vamsi , Smith Joshua R. , Gollakot Shyamnath
Published: April 2017

Wi-Fi has traditionally been considered a power-consuming communication system and has not been widely adopted in the sensor network and Internet of Things (IoT) space. We introduce Passive Wi-Fi that demonstrates that one can generate 802.11b transmissions using backscatter communication, while consuming 3-4 orders of magnitude lower power than existing Wi-Fi chipsets. Passive Wi-Fi transmissions can be decoded on any Wi-Fi device including routers, mobile phones and tablets. Our experimental evaluation shows that passive Wi-Fi transmissions can be decoded on off-the-shelf smartphones and Wi-Fi chipsets over distances of up to 100 feet. We also design a passive Wi-Fi IC that shows that 1 and 11 Mbps transmissions consume 14.5 and 59.2 ?W respectively. This translates to 10000x lower power than existing Wi-Fi chipsets and 1000x lower power than Bluetooth LE and ZigBee.
Study of Low Voltage Prebreakdown Sites in Multicrystalline Si Based Cells by the LBIC, EL, and EDS Methods
Authors: Orlov V. I. , Yakimov E. B. , Magomedbekov E. P. , Danilin A. B.
Published: April 2017

Breakdown sites in multicrystalline Si solar cells have been studied by reverse-bias electroluminescence, electron beam induced current (EBIC) and laser beam induced current (LBIC), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy methods. In the breakdown sites revealed by EL at small reverse bias (~5 V), the enhanced aluminum and oxygen concentration is revealed. Such breakdowns can be located inside the depletion region because they are not revealed by the EBIC or LBIC methods. Breakdowns revealed by EL at larger bias correlate well with extended defects in the EBIC and LBIC images.
Hopf Bifurcation, Positively Invariant Set, and Physical Realization of a New Four‐Dimensional Hyperchaotic Financial System
Authors: Kai G. , Zhang W. , Wei Z. C. , Wang J. F. , Akgul A.
Published: April 2017

This paper introduces a new four‐dimensional hyperchaotic financial system on the basis of an established three‐dimensional nonlinear financial system and a dynamic model by adding a controller term to consider the effect of control on the system. In terms of the proposed financial system, the sufficient conditions for nonexistence of chaotic and hyperchaotic behaviors are derived theoretically. Then, the solutions of equilibria are obtained. For each equilibrium, its stability and existence of Hopf bifurcation are validated. Based on corresponding first Lyapunov coefficient of each equilibrium, the analytical proof of the existence of periodic solutions is given. The ultimate bound and positively invariant set for the financial system are obtained and estimated. There exists a stable periodic solution obtained near the unstable equilibrium point. Finally, the dynamic behaviors of the new system are explored from theoretical analysis by using the bifurcation diagrams and phase portraits. Moreover, the hyperchaotic financial system has been simulated using a specially designed electronic circuit and viewed on an oscilloscope, thereby confirming the results of the numerical integrations and its real contribution to engineering.
The Impacts of Chrysanthemum indicum Extract on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in Adjuvant‐Induced Arthritic Rats
Authors: Dong Mei , Yu Dongsheng , Abdullah Al-Dhabi Naif , Duraipandiyan Veeramuthu
Published: April 2017

Chrysanthemum indicum has been used as a therapeutic agent against inflammation, hypertension, and respiratory conditions for many years. This research’s aim has been to examine the antioxidant impacts that Chrysanthemum indicum extract (CIE) has on the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in adjuvant‐induced arthritic (AA) rats. 40 rats were categorised into 4 groups according to a completely randomized approach: Group I involved normal control rats (CTRL) that received a basal diet; Group II involved arthritic control rats (CTRL‐AA) that received the same diet; Group III involved rats that received a basal diet and 30 mg/kg CIE; and Group IV involved arthritic rats with the same diet as Group III rats (CIE‐AA). After injection with complete Freund’s adjuvant, body weight, arthritis score, and the serum levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) were assessed. The results demonstrated that CIE delayed the onset time of arthritis and decreased the clinical arthritis severity score (P < 0.05). Observations of CIE‐AA and CTRL‐AA rats demonstrated that CIE alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in CIE‐AA group. In conclusion, CIE alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thereby highlighting its potential use as a candidate for clinical treatments of rheumatoid arthritis.
Biomechanical Analysis of Cuboid Osteotomy Lateral Column Lengthening for Stage II B Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Zhou Haichao , Ren Haoyang , Li Chunguang , Xia Jiang , Yu Guangrong , Yang Yunfeng
Published: April 2017

Purpose. To investigate the effect of cuboid osteotomy lateral column lengthening (LCL) for the correction of stage II B adult-acquired flatfoot deformity in cadaver. Methods. Six cadaver specimens were loaded to 350 N. Flatfoot models were established and each was evaluated radiographically and pedobarographically in the following conditions: (1) intact foot, (2) flatfoot, and (3) cuboid osteotomy LCL (2, 3, 4, and 5 mm). Results. Compared with the flatfoot model, the LCLs showed significant correction of talonavicular coverage on anteroposterior radiographs and talus-first metatarsal angle on both anteroposterior and lateral radiographs (p<.05). Compared with the intact foot, the above angles of the LCLs showed no significant difference except the 2 mm LCL. In terms of forefoot pressure, medial pressure of the 2 mm LCL (p=.044) and lateral pressure of the 3, 4, and 5 mm LCLs showed statistical differences (p<.05), but lateral pressure of the 3 mm LCL was not more than the intact foot as compared to the 4 and 5 mm LCLs, which was less than medial pressure. Conclusion. Cuboid osteotomy LCL procedure avoids damage to subtalar joint and has a good effect on correction of stage II B adult-acquired flatfoot deformity with a 3 mm lengthening in cadavers.
Complex Dynamics and Synchronization in a System of Magnetically Coupled Colpitts Oscillators
Authors: Kana L. K. , Fomethe A. , Fotsin H. B. , Wembe E. T. , Moukengue A. I.
Published: April 2017

We propose the use of a simple, cheap, and easy technique for the study of dynamic and synchronization of the coupled systems: effects of the magnetic coupling on the dynamics and of synchronization of two Colpitts oscillators (wireless interaction). We derive a smooth mathematical model to describe the dynamic system. The stability of the equilibrium states is investigated. The coupled system exhibits spectral characteristics such as chaos and hyperchaos in some parameter ranges of the coupling. The numerical exploration of the dynamics system reveals various bifurcations scenarios including period-doubling and interior crisis transitions to chaos. Moreover, various interesting dynamical phenomena such as transient chaos, coexistence of solution, and multistability (hysteresis) are observed when the magnetic coupling factor varies. Theoretical reasons for such phenomena are provided and experimentally confirmed with practical measurements in a wireless transfer.
Sequence and Timing of Intracranial Changes in Cytomegalovirus in Pregnancy: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: O’Sullivan Cynthia , Arulkumaran Shankari , Lakasing Lorin , Jauniaux Eric , Murphy Karl
Published: April 2017

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common cause of intrauterine infection, occurring in up to 2% of all live births. Most women are asymptomatic or experience nonspecific symptoms, which can lead to long-term sequelae in newborns including neurological impairment, hearing loss, and mental retardation. A 41-year-old woman (G6 P2), with a medical history of epilepsy, presented for her routine anomaly scan at 20 + 4/40. A single finding of echogenic bowel was noted on ultrasound which prompted a full investigation. A repeat ultrasound only five days later demonstrated progressive changes, which included bilateral ventriculomegaly with oedema of the posterior ventricular wall, periventricular hyperechogenicity, and enlargement of the cisterna magna. CMV DNA was detected at amniocentesis. Ultrasound findings are not diagnostic for CMV with only 11–15% of at-risk fetuses being identified. Unfortunately, these findings may be the only indication of an abnormality. There is a well-documented lack of awareness surrounding CMV and screening is not routinely offered. Given the risk to the pregnancy of CMV and to subsequent pregnancies, simple education at the start of a pregnancy could significantly reduce the incidence of maternal CMV.
Perception and Attitude of Emergency Room Resident Physicians toward Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak
Authors: Al Ghobain Mohammed , Aldrees Turki , Alenezi Abdullah , Alqaryan Saleh , Aldabeeb Dana , Alotaibi Najed , Aldhabib Abdulrahman , Alghalibi Shaker , Alharethy Sami
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks have had a considerable negative impact on health systems in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to study the psychological impact of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak on emergency room resident physicians (ERRPs).Methods. We assessed the MERS-related psychological impact and concerns of ERRPs using a self-report questionnaire.Results. The majority (91%) of the ERRPs agreed that their work put them at risk of infection, but most (65%) did not agree that they should not be looking after patients infected with MERS. Despite that, 54% of ERRPs reported being afraid of contracting the infection from infected patients and only 4.2% of them were willing to change their current job. The majority of the ERRPs (85%) felt that their job would expose their families to risk of infection.Conclusions. Our study demonstrated the considerable psychological impact of MERS outbreaks on ERRPs. The ERRPs’ concerns and the psychological impact of MERS outbreaks should be considered in greater detail by hospital policymakers.
Optimal Solubility of Diclofenac β‐Cyclodextrin in Combination with Local Anaesthetics for Mesotherapy Applications
Authors: Tringali Giuseppe , Navarra Pierluigi
Published: April 2017

Because of low injection volume, the recently marketed injectable solution of diclofenac in complex with β‐cyclodextrin (Akis®, IBSA Farmaceutici Italia) is an ideal candidate for mesotherapy applications. In this study, we investigated the solubility of Akis, 25 and 50 mg/kg, in combination with various local anaesthetics (lidocaine, mepivacaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine) at different concentrations in aqueous vehicles (normal saline, sterile water, or bicarbonate). Final injection mixtures were classified as limpid, turbid, or milky at visual analysis under standardized conditions. We found that (i) the use of sterile water for injections or normal saline as vehicles to dilute Akis in combination with whatever local anaesthetic normally results in milky solutions and therefore is not recommended; (ii) using bicarbonate, optimal solubility was obtained combining Akis with lidocaine, both 1 and 2%, or mepivacaine, both 1 and 2%, whereas solutions were turbid in combination with bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, or ropivacaine. Thus, we recommend that Akis is used in combination with lidocaine or mepivacaine in a bicarbonate vehicle.
A Shape-Based Method for Continuous Low-Thrust Trajectory Design between Circular Coplanar Orbits
Authors: Fang Qun , Wang Xuefeng , Sun Chong , Yuan Jianping
Published: April 2017

The shape-based method can provide suitable initial guesses for trajectory optimization, which are useful for quickly converging a more accurate trajectory. Combined with the optimal control theory, an optimized shape-based method using the finite Fourier series is proposed in this paper. Taking the flight time-fixed case and the time-free case into account, respectively, the optimized shape-based method, which considers the first-order optimal necessary conditions, can guarantee that not only an orbit designed during the preliminary phase is optimal, but also the thrust direction is not constrained to be tangential. Besides, the traditional shape-based method using the finite Fourier series, in which the thrust direction is constrained to be tangential, is developed for the time-free case in this paper. The Earth-Mars case and the LEO-GEO case are used to verify the optimized shape-based method’s feasibility for time-fixed and time-free continuous low-thrust trajectory design between circular coplanar orbits, respectively. The optimized shaped-based method can design a lower cost trajectory.