bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
भाषा शिक्षणमा उच्चारण शिक्षणको आवश्यकता, स्वरूप र प्रक्रिया Bhasha Shikshanma Ucchharan Shikshanko Aabashyakata, Swarup ra Prakriya
Authors: पौडेल Poudel माधव  Madhav प्रसाद Prasad
Published: November 2019

उच्चारण मूलतः बोलीसँग सम्बन्धित प्रक्रिया हो । यो सस्वर पठन÷वाचनकालागि पनि उत्तिकै महत्त्वपूर्ण र आधारभूत भाषिक प्रविधि हो । भाषा शिक्षणमा कथ्य वामौखिक भाषा र अभिव्यक्तिको व्यापक परिपोषण र सुधारका लागि उच्चारण शिक्षणअपरिहार्य आवश्यकता बनेको हुन्छ । कुनै पनि जीवन्त भाषा ध्वन्यात्मक रूपमै जीवितरहेको हुन्छ र त्यसैको तन्दुरुस्त उच्चारणका माध्यमले सम्प्रेषण सञ्चारको कार्य त्यसलेगरेको हुन्छ । वर्ण विन्यास वा हिज्जेले लेख्य भाषाको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्छ भने उच्चारणलेभाषाको कथ्य वा ध्वन्यात्मक रूपको प्रतिनिधित्व गरेको हुन्छ । संसारका कतिपयभाषाहरू अझै पनि ध्वन्यात्मक रूपमा मात्र जीवित छन् । त्यसैले कुनै पनि भाषाकोपहिलो र आधारभूत रूप भनेको त्यसको बोली हो र त्यही बोलीको प्रतिनिधित्व नैउच्चारण हो । लिप्यात्मक रूपमा चाहेर पनि सङ्केत गर्न नसकिने कतिपय खण्डीय वर्ण रभाषेतर पक्षको समेत हेक्का राखेर सोही अनुरूप उच्चारण गरी बोल्नु पर्ने भएकाले शिक्षणीयदृष्टिले यो लेख्य भाषाभन्दा जटिल र निरन्तर अभ्यास तथा प्रयोग अभ्यासका आधारमापरिमार्जित हुने खालको हुन्छ । सामाजिक र व्यावसायिक जीवनका दैनिक व्यवहारमाअत्यधिक प्रयोगमा कथ्य भाषाकै व्यवहार गरिने भएकाले जबसम्म सम्बन्धित भाषाकोउच्चारणमा अभ्यस्त भइँदैन तबसम्म भाषा सिकेको मान्न सकिँदैन । क्षेत्रीय, स्थानीय रविदेशी भाषाका उच्चारण प्रभाव तथा अन्य कतिपय कारणले उच्चारणमा अनेकौँ त्रुटिहरू हुनेगर्छन्, जसलाई राम्रोसँग पहिचान गरी तिनको सुधार र परिष्कार गर्नमा उच्चारण शिक्षणडोरिनु वा निर्देशित हुनु आवश्यक छ । यस लेखमा यसै दृष्टिकोणलाई मुख्य आधार बनाईभाषा शिक्षणमा उच्चारण शिक्षणको आवश्यकता, स्वरूप र प्रक्रियाहरूको खोजी गर्ने प्रयासगरिएको छ साथै नेपाली भाषा शिक्षणका सन्दर्भमा उच्चारण त्रुटिका कारण र त्रुटिक्षेत्रहरूकोसोदाहरण चिनारी गराउने प्रयत्न गरिनुका साथै शिक्षण कार्यकलाप र त्रुटि निराकरणकाउपायहरू पनि सुझाउने प्रयत्न गरिएको छ ।
Effect of hard chrome plating parameters on the wear resistance of low carbon steel
Authors: Kir Hasan , Apay Serkan
Published: November 2019

Electrolytic hard chrome plating is applied to improve the surface properties of metals and add a decorative look. In this study, hard chrome plating was applied to low carbon steel in various parameters by means of an electrolytic method. The plating and metal surface of the specimen were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Following SEM analyses, microhardness measurements from the plating to the base metal in the samples were conducted at 100 g. The wear resistance in the plated samples was determined by the pin-on-disc method. Moreover, the surface morphology was examined by SEM and optic profilometer subsequent to the wear experiment. The results showed that the hard chrome plating, which was applied at 0.4 A × m-2 current density, 100 mm anode-cathode distance and 60 °C bath temperature, yielded the highest wear resistance and hardness.
Mechanical properties of plain woven kenaf/glass fiber reinforced polypropylene hybrid composites
Authors: Dhar Malingam Sivakumar , Subramaniam Kathiravan , Lin Feng Ng , Fadzullah Siti Hajar Sheikh MD , Subramonian Sivaraos
Published: November 2019

There has been an increasing interest among researchers on natural/synthetic hybrid fiber reinforced composites due to their extensive advantages such as enhanced mechanical properties as compared to natural fiber reinforced composites. The balance between environmental friendliness and mechanical strength can be achieved through hybrid composite materials. This study aims to investigate the effects of stacking sequences on the mechanical properties of woven kenaf/glass hybrid composites. Woven kenaf/glass hybrid composites with two different stacking sequences were fabricated in the hot compression process. Non-hybrid glass and kenaf fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were also prepared for comparison. Tensile, flexural and Charpy impact tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D 3039, ASTM D 790 and ASTM D 6110, respectively. The results showed that the tensile strength of glass/kenaf/glass hybrid laminates was only 3.4 % lower than that of non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites. The flexural strength of hybrid glass/kenaf/glass laminates was 32.5 % higher than non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites. In terms of impact strength in edgewise and flatwise orientations, hybrid glass/kenaf/glass laminates showed 8.6 % and 51.9 % improvement, respectively, as compared to non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites. This showed that the hybrid laminates exhibited superior mechanical properties as compared to non-hybrid glass fiber reinforced composites.
Optimization of cryogenic treatment effects on the surface roughness of cutting tools
Authors: Kara Fuat , Takmaz Aysun
Published: November 2019

In this study, surface roughness tests were performed on AISI O2 cold work tool steel using coated and uncoated carbide cutting tools applying deep cryogenic treatment. Cutting parameters with optimum surface roughness for turning cold work tool steel were determined by the Taguchi method Turning experiments were made according to the Taguchi L16 (43) orthogonal array. The evaluation of the experimental results was based on the signal/noise (S/N) ratio. Cutting parameters were selected for four different cutting tools, cutting speeds (150, 200, 250, 300 m × min-1) and feed rates (0.08, 0.16, 0.24, 0.32 mm × rev-1). The effect levels on the surface roughness of the cutting parameters by analysis of variance (ANOVA) were performed using the experimental results. Multiple regression analyses (linear) was conducted for the experimental results. The correlation coefficient (R2) was obtained via the linear regression model which showed a value of 0.914 for Ra. Finally, confirmation tests were performed and showed that optimization was successfully implemented.
The Kargil Adventure and Its Political Consequences
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Shakeel , Gilani Aftab Ahmad , Ahmad Khurshid
Published: November 2019

This paper studies the pre and post Kargil war events. It also elaborates the calculation and miscalculations of Kargil adventure from the top military brass and the Kargil clique. This paper also describes the question of civil military relations in Pakistan and actual corridor of the decision making. It also Provides Knowledge about the plan of Kargil war, doctrine of secrecy, the aftermath of that adventure, the big bang between the civil-military leadership, the failure of diplomacy, the impact of Kargil war on political system. This paper also highlighted the attempt to get Kargil at the rate of Kashmir. It is assessed that the kagril episode had some precious consequences related to the battlefield, warfare and the supremacy of army as an institution. This paper also showed the activities happened on the freeze heights of Kargil seriously affect, politics and civil-military relations in Pakistan.
Organizational Learning and Effectiveness: The Case of Pakistani HEIs
Authors: Haider Maqsood , Aamir Muhammad , Naheed Khawar
Published: November 2019

Higher education is considered to be the lifeline of the development of any nation. These institutions are not only engaged in disseminating knowledge but are also engaged in shaping human capital for todays knowledge-based economy. These higher learning institutions need to focus on their effectiveness if they want to be learning organizations. The present study focuses on organizational learning for attaining effectiveness. The sample of the study consists of 350 academic staff members of public sector HEIs belonging to Khyber Pakhtunkhawa province of Pakistan. Multiple regression analysis was performed on the data set. The overall results showed a significant direct effect of organizational learning upon organizational effectiveness. The results are significant for the top management.
Issues of Syllabus Designing Practices and Quality Assurance at Higher Education Level
Authors: Kazimi Anjum Bano , Shaikh Muhammad Ali , John Stephen
Published: November 2019

The goal of Higher Education Commission is to develop and implement quality across all university activities and making it compatible with international practices. The faculty is required to have ability in designing, maintaining and updating curricula, when measuring the quality of an institute or of teaching; designing syllabus is the basic required skill. This study aims to analyze perception, syllabus designing skills and practices of faculty members in universities. This research is quantitative, structured questionnaire and document analyses were used for data collection. Results showed faculty have no related training; rules for designing syllabus are not followed. It is recommended that training sessions should be organized to developing syllabus designing skills of university faculty. Standard guidelines should be developed by quality assurance bodies.
Leadership Behavior of Principals and Attitudes of Teachers towards Academic Environment in Private Schools
Authors: Rehman Latif Ur , Shah Liaquat Hussain , Malik Khuda Bakhsh
Published: November 2019

The research was focused on the “Leadership Behavior of Principals and Attitudes of Teachers as related to the Academic Environment in Private Secondary Schools of District Dera Ismail Khan”. The study was quantitative and data were collected using a survey. The population was 147 heads and 1470 teachers who were working in private secondary schools of the District, Dera Ismail Khan. A sample of324 was selected for gathering data. The correlation, t-test, and regression were statistical analysis techniques. The results depicted that better academic environment is the result of positive attitude of teachers. The relationship between attitude and leadership behavior was highly positive. No differences were found between rural and urban on attitude scale, leadership behavior scale and environment scale.
Association of Print Media Agenda and Policy Agenda and its Impact on the Foreign Policy of Pakistan with USA
Authors: Qayyoum Hayam , Riaz Saqib , Shah Babar Hussain
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was to examine the the association between print media agenda and policy agenda (State and NGOs) and its impact on the foreign policy of Pakistan with USA from 2015 till 2017 on categorized issues. Data is collected from DAWN and The News International of Pakistan. Quantitative research method was adopted and content of newspapers and policy documents (State and NGOs) was analyzed to find out the coverage, rank order, frame, slant and association between print media agenda and policy agenda (State and NGOs) regarding Pak-US relations issues. Findings revealed that print media agenda and state policy agenda are associated (rs =+.362) having moderate positive association and print media agenda and non-government policy agenda are associated (rs=+.490) having moderate positive association. Hence, hypotheses are supported.
MEMBANGUN KEPUASAN KONSUMEN PROPERTY MELALUI HARGA BERSAING DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA PERUMAHAN PT. ATLANTIK PERKASA ABADI PEKANBARU
Authors: Wahab Wirdayani
Published: November 2019

Kepuasan konsumen menjadi sebuah target yang harus dilakukan para produsen baik barang maupun jasa. Pada produk barang dalam hal ini adalah perumahan yang dihasilkan oleh PT. Atlantik Perkasa Abadi Pekanbaru diduga upaya yang dapat dilakukan dengan cara persaingan harga dan juga peningkatan kualitas pelayanan. Pembuktian dugaan ini dilakuka pada 52 orang konsumen yang diambil secara random melalui kuesioner dan data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan alat regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian membuiktikan bahwa harga yang bersaing dan juga pelayanan yang berkualitas secara simultan dan parsial berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan konsumen dan terbukti pula harga yang bersainglah yang memberikan pengaruh paling besar pada kepuasan konsumen.
FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING: A PENTAGON FRAUD ANALYSIS
Authors: Nanda Satria tri , Salmiah Neneng , Mulyana Dina
Published: November 2019

Financial statements describe the company's financial condition. There are many gaps in the financial reports that enable management to commit fraudulent financial reporting. This study purpose to analyze the pentagon fraud, namely the pressure that is proxied by the financial target, the opportunity that is proxied by the effectiveness of monitoring (ineffective monitoring); Rationalization which is proxied by change in auditor; Competence which is proxied by the change of company directors; and Arrogance which is proxied by the number of CEO images that appear (number of CEO's picture), detects fraudulent financial statements measured using the Altman Z Score. The sample used in this study were 24 pharmaceutical sub-sector manufacturing companies registered on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2015 until 2017. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from annual reports and company financial statements for the 2015-2017 period. The analysis of the data used is multiple regression using the SPSS version 16. This study found that financial stability and ineffective monitoring influence fraudulent financial statements. Whereas auditor turnover, change of directors and the number of CEO photos that appear do not affect fraudulent financial statements.
Digitale Welten – Unterricht 4.0 in der beruflichen Fachrichtung Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft
Authors: Grundmann Stephanie , Stilz Melanie , Becker Björn
Published: November 2019

Die Medienbildung ist eine integrale Querschnittsaufgabe für alle Fächer, die kontextgebunden, aber auch domänenspezifisch betrachtet werden muss. Die Nutzung digitaler Medien trägt nicht automatisch zu einem motivierenden Unterricht bei. Diskutiert werden soll, welche Erkenntnisse sich aus dem fächerübergreifenden Zusatzkurs „Digitale Welten“ aus der gymnasialen Oberstufe der Berliner Schulen auf die berufliche Bildung im Bereich Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft übertragen lassen und welche Konsequenzen und Potentiale für die Lehrkräfteausbildung sich daraus ergeben.
Implizite Entwicklung digitaler Kompetenzen in der 2. Phase der Lehrerbildung in der beruflichen Didaktik Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft
Authors: Kober Katja , Kreß Volker
Published: November 2019

Digitale Kompetenzen gehen weit über die Beherrschung von Medien hinaus und werden in Zukunft an Bedeutung zunehmen. Wie es gelingen kann, zukünftiges Lehrerbildungspersonal im Berufsfeld Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft in der 2. Phase der Lehrerbildung auf die Herausforderung vorzubereiten, solche Skills bei Lernenden in berufsbildenden Schulen auszubilden, wird in diesem Beitrag aufgegriffen.
Digitale Medien im Berufsfeld Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft – Bestandsaufnahme und Einsatzmöglichkeiten
Authors: Arenskötter Christine , Engelmann Elena , Kastrup Julia
Published: November 2019

Das Lernen mit digitalen Medien gehört zu einer zeitgemäßen beruflichen Bildung. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert im Kern eine Bestandsaufnahme und Analyse zu digitalen Medien, wie Apps, Websites, Weblogs, Soziale Netzwerke und Medien sowie Dokumentarfilme, die sich dem Bereich der Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft zuordnen lassen und damit Anknüpfungspunkte für den Einsatz im Unterricht in Ausbildungsberufen des Berufsfeldes Ernährung und Hauswirtschaft bieten.
Theoretical Approaches to Logging Trail Network Planning: Increasing Efficiency of Forest Machines and Reducing Their Negative Impact on Soil and Terrain
Authors: Rudov Sergej E. , Voronova Anna M. , Chemshikova Julia M. , Teterevleva Elena V. , Kruchinin Igor N. , Dondokov Yurii Z. , Khaldeeva Motrena N. , Burtseva Irina A. , Danilov Vyacheslav V. , Grigorev Igor V.
Published: November 2019

A good part of the forest that survived active logging during the previous period of industrialization is now in remote areas: on steep slopes, in waterlogged or permafrost areas. There, especially on the slopes, the use of land disproportionately affects ecological processes, specifically hydrological (e.g., peak waves, suspended load, etc.). Organizing off-trail transport of log timber under such conditions is a challenge associated with specific difficulties. Almost any cutting area has sites of different capacity (stand volume per ha), which require the use of high flotation machines and have habitats that cannot be disturbed. The frequency of trips to cutting areas increases with the stand volume in these areas, but there are areas that machines have to drive round. Areas with weak soils need forest machines to carry less weight or to use additional attachments to hold the load. Unfavourable grades need the bundle to be limited in weight to maintain the tractive effort of a skidder. Because this activity is carried out with a high impact on ecology, it calls for a mathematical model and technique to evaluate logging routes and to assess the impact that logging activities have on the forest soil and subsoil and on the forest in general. This paper is devoted to the creation and justification of such a technique and offers an algorithm for careful forest use and forest-friendly logging.
Study on the Effect of Potassium on Struvite Precipitation in Synthetic Landfill Leachate
Authors: Darwish Mohamad , Aris Azmi , Puteh Mohd Hafiz , Abdul Kadir Aeslina
Published: November 2019

Struvite precipitation (MAP, MgNH4PO4·6H2O) is a common method for the treatment of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N) in wastewater. Landfill leachate, one of the most hazardous waste streams, contains different pollutants (e.g. potassium (K)) that could affect the process of MAP recovery. This study investigated the effect of K on NH4-N recovery by struvite precipitation from landfill leachate. Bench-scale experiments were carried out using synthetic landfill leachate, by varying N:K molar ratio from 0.0 to 1.0, in which the results illustrated that increasing the molar ratio of K:N from 0.0 to 1.0 lowered the recovery of NH4-N from 88% to 77%. Additionally, the precipitation of K compounds was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). Finally, this study concluded that only high concentrations of K could affect the purity of struvite recovered from landfill leachate.
Assessment and Zoning of Groundwater Quality in Shiraz Plain Using GIS
Authors: Pooteh Rigi Mohammad , Shafiee Pejman , Fatehi Seyed Mehdi
Published: November 2019

The results of the evaluation of different interpolation methods for each of the parameters studied in 2006 showed that for calcium, bicarbonate, sodium, adsorption ratios of sodium and sulfate (the Kriging method) and for the electrical conductivity parameters, the total soluble concentration and magnesium (IDW2 method) and for chlorine (IDW1 method) have the lowest MAE and MBE and in 2013, for the parameters of bicarbonate, calcium, total soluble concentration and magnesium (IDW2 method) and for sodium parameters, the adsorption ratio of sodium and sulfate (Kriging method) and for electrical conductivity and chlorine parameters (LPI method) were the best methods. Finally, the classification of the district water showed that in 2006 the only Barmshoor, Doodeman and Shagholein stations had limitations of drinking as term of TH parameter and in 2013 Barmshoor and Doodeman stations were in the most unfavourable waters as term of TH and TDS parameters.
Proposal of grade training method for quality improvement in microtask crowdsourcing
Authors: Ashikawa Masayuki , Kawamura Takahiro , Ohsuga Akihiko
Published: November 2019

Current crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk provide an attractive solution for processing numerous tasks at a low cost. The number of workers who process crowdsourcing tasks is increasing along with the expansion of domains in which crowdsourcing is utilized. However, there is insufficient support for crowdsourcing workers, such as education and improvement of their work environment. This problem may be due to crowdsourcing workers being numerous and unspecified, which also makes them easy to employ and terminate. Poor worker management could lead to declining quality of worker records and unjustified worker termination. In this study, we propose a grade-based training method for workers. Our training method utilizes probabilistic networks to estimate correlations between tasks based on worker records for 18.5 million tasks, then allocates pre-learning tasks to workers to raise the accuracy of target tasks according to task correlations. In an experiment, the method automatically allocated 31 pre-learning task categories for 9 target task categories, and after pre-learning task training, we confirmed that target task accuracy increased by 7.8 points on average. This result was comparatively higher than those for pre-learning tasks allocated using other methods, such as decision trees. We therefore confirmed that task correlations can be estimated from a large number of worker records, and that these are useful for grade-based training of low-quality workers.
东港市乡镇预报方法研究
Authors: 李 丹 , 樊 希彬 , 李 中伟
Published: November 2019

随着社会的发展和人民群众对气象服务需求的日益增加,对天气预报的质量和对气象部门提供的气象要素要求越来越高。省局每天发布乡镇预报,县局经过人工订正后向社会公众发布,实现了利用大尺度环流背景下的数值预报产品结合主观预报经验方法,以及利用加密观测数据预报制作局部地区天气预报。在此总结出适合本地化订正制作乡镇天气预报的方法,以供在今后的工作中对订正天气预报能有所帮助,以此提高乡镇天气预报的准确率。
新时期绿色农业的种植技术推广
Authors: 周 磊
Published: November 2019

随着科学技术的进步与发展,人们的生活质量也在不断的提高,农业是人类生存的保障,在新时期的背景下人们更加注重农业技术的发展。新时期的环境污染严重,在农业种植方面也存在诸多问题,绿色农业的出现可以有效的缓解由农业发展带来的环境污染问题,所以要大力推行绿色农业的种植技术,提高农业发展的质量。本文主首先对绿色农业种植技术推广的重要性进行分析,并且阐述了农业发展过程中出现的问题,最后提出了绿色农业种植技术的推广措施,希望绿色农业能够得到广泛的应用。
探究发展杨树用木材的几个技术问题
Authors: 王 勇
Published: November 2019

杨树生长速度快,成材较早,有很多用途,而且种植杨树的经济效益也是很高的,还可以相应我国推出的退耕还林政策和缓解保护天然林后的木材稀缺的情况。杨树是很多城镇用于填充绿植的首选,某镇用材林中,杨树的种植面积高达百分之九十,木材的储存量约占百分之九十二以上,杨树木材的用途是十分广泛的,比如用于制造胶合板、细木工板、包装板、中密度纤维板、纸浆等用材,近几年来,木材加工企业蓬勃发展,为城镇发展杨树提供了很好的机会和广阔的市场。因此如何选择最优良的品种,实现成本的最低,从而达到优质高效的成果,成为广大人民共同关心的问题。
船舶柴油机的节能减排技术运用
Authors: 刘 东波
Published: November 2019

实现现代船舶柴油机的节能减排,是基于全球环境的变化,以及人们环保意识的增强,从不同途径实现节能设计,从而实现节能减排,明确船舶柴油机未来的发展方向。即本文是根据柴油节能减排的途径,分析节能减排技术的的具体应用。
ДОСВІД УКРАЇНИ ТА КИТАЮ ЩОДО СТВОРЕННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНИХ ФОРМ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Boyko Olena
Published: November 2019

В статті розглянуто ініціативу розвитку індустріальних парків, зокрема в напрямку трансрегіонального співробітництва між КНР та Сінгапуром (індустріальний парк "м. Сучжоу – Сінгапур", а також КНР та Білорусією (індустріальний парк “GreatStone”). Здійснено моніторинг розвитку індустріальних парків на території Китаю (індустріальний парк "Lianyungang Xinpu", індустріальний парк в Ханчжоу) та України (КП "Індустріальний парк "Рогань", "Індустріальний парк "Свєма", а також індустріальні парки “Industrial Forpost”, "Славута", "Чексіл"). Визначено тенденції функціонування індустріальних парків, а також спільні та відмінні риси їх розвитку в КНР та в Україні.
Перспективним напрямком є створення українсько-китайських індустріальних парків, тому проаналізовано особливості їх створення та функціонування, пріоритетні напрямки та ризики.
Визначено особливості кластерних ініціатив, які розглянуто на прикладі України та КНР в аспекті галузевого розвитку. Розглянуто моделі формування державної кластерної політики. Проаналізовано особливості функціонування високотехнологічної і низькотехнологічної кластерної політики.
В теоретико-методологічному аспекті розглянуто типологію діючих кластерів Здійснено моніторинг функціонування кластерів на території України та КНР. Визначено пріоритетні напрямки їхнього подальшого розвитку та ризики.
Розглянуто досвід розробки спеціальних програм функціонування кластерів в КНР та Україні.
Окрему увагу приділено питанню кооперації між Торгово-промисловою палатою (ТПП) і кластерами в КНР та в Україні.
Визначено інституційно-правові засади функціонування організаційних форм інноваційної діяльності реального сектору економіки України та КНР, зокрема на прикладі індустріальних парків (у тому числі законодавчий пакет №№2554 а-д та 2555 а-д), а також кластерів. Розроблено пропозиції щодо особливостей подальшого їх створення, розвитку.
Systematic screening of biorefinery technologies at the early stage of design
Authors: COHEN JÉRÉMIE , STUART PAUL
Published: November 2019

Improving technology readiness and government support have helped some forestry companies to continue to develop their biorefinery strategies over the past few years, including that for ethanol production in some cases. These developing technologies have been proven at various scales, and data required for their evaluation are typically scarce and uncertain. How can forestry companies select the “best” technology among the many options available to them, given this complex and uncertain landscape? The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the use of an early stage design tool for screening biorefinery technologies, using ethanol production as an example. A set of multidisciplinary criteria are defined that can be interpreted by a stakeholder panel, and calculated based on publically-available data. Then, the criteria are interpreted and weighed using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis in order to make a global evaluation of technologies relative to each other, and identify those that should not be further considered.
Effect of commercial xylanases applied at extreme conditions in a eucalyptus pulp mill
Authors: FILLAT URSULA , RONCERO M. BLANCA , BASSA ALEXANDRE , SACÓN VERA MARIA
Published: November 2019

In this study, we examined the effect of treating eucalyptus pulp with various commercial xylanases to identify the most effective enzyme for use under the industrial bleaching conditions used at the Jacareí mill of the Brazilian firm Fibria, which include a high pH and temperature. Based on the results, the use of two of the nine enzymes studied reduced the kappa number by 1.5 units, increased brightness by 2.5% ISO, and decreased hexenuronic acids (HexA) content by more than 10 μmol/g relative to a control treatment in the absence of enzyme. The most marked changes in brightness were observed on application of an oxidative D stage to enzyme-treated pulp samples. Finally, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), color, and turbidity of the effluents obtained at the end of the processes involving the enzymes were all higher than in the control process.
A novel method for the determination of linting propensity of paper
Authors: GERLI ALESSANDRA , EIGENBROOD LEENDERT C.
Published: November 2019

A novel method was developed for the determination of linting propensity of paper based on printing with an IGT printability tester and image analysis of the printed strips. On average, the total fraction of the surface removed as lint during printing is 0.01%-0.1%. This value is lower than those reported in most laboratory printing tests, and more representative of commercial offset printing applications. Newsprint paper produced on a roll/blade former machine was evaluated for linting propensity using the novel method and also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. Laboratory and commercial printing results matched well, showing that linting was higher for the bottom side of paper than for the top side, and that linting could be reduced on both sides by application of a dry-strength additive. In a second case study, varying wet-end conditions were used on a hybrid former machine to produce four paper reels, with the goal of matching the low linting propensity of the paper produced on a machine with gap former configuration. We found that the retention program, by improving fiber fines retention, substantially reduced the linting propensity of the paper produced on the hybrid former machine. The papers were also printed on a commercial coldset offset press. An excellent correlation was found between the total lint area removed from the bottom side of the paper samples during laboratory printing and lint collected on halftone areas of the first upper printing unit after 45000 copies. Finally, the method was applied to determine the linting propensity of highly filled supercalendered paper produced on a hybrid former machine. In this case, the linting propensity of the bottom side of paper correlated with its ash content.
CFD-modeling for more precise operation of the kraft recovery boiler
Authors: ENGBLOM MARKUS , MIIKKULAINEN PASI , BRINK ANDERS , HUPA MIKKO
Published: November 2019

During kraft recovery boiler operation, situations can be encountered where the furnace temperature is asymmetric when comparing one side of the furnace to the other (i.e., left vs. right). In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling is applied to study furnace load and liquor spraying as causes for asymmetric furnace temperatures in a 4450 tons dry solids (TDS)/day kraft recovery boiler. The model predictions are compared against validation measurements. Decrease in furnace load is identified as the main cause of the temperature asymmetry. The simulations also suggest that, at decreased load, relatively small differences in the tilts of individual liquor sprays can increase the temperature asymmetry.
Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills - Part I: Potential for debottlenecking
Authors: GHEZZAZ HAKIM , PELLETIER LUC , STUART PAUL R.
Published: November 2019

Depending on the process strategy employed, implementation of the biorefinery into an existing pulp and paper mill can often help with process debottlenecking, and enable increased pulp and paper production capacity. Many biorefinery process options also offer the opportunity for bioproducts manufacturing and/or fossil fuel replacement. In this paper, the implementation of two biorefinery processes is examined from the perspective of process debottlenecking at a sodium carbonate-based semichemical pulp and paper mill: (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor by acidification with CO2, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. The recovery cycle, which includes a Copeland fluidized bed reactor, is the main pulp production bottleneck. Also, pulp quality improvements are possible, which would be achieved by lowering pulp yield.
In Part I of this paper, biorefinery implementation uncertainties were identified and the potential for recovery debottlenecking and maximum paper production attainable were evaluated. In Part II, the economic evaluation and comparison of the selected biorefinery process options in the context of process debottlenecking are presented. The results show that for the case study mill, the hemicellulose pre-extraction process gives opportunity for higher paper production and paper quality improvement. It allows for a production increase of about 20%, as well as lowering the pulp yield from 85% to 79%. With lignin precipitation, it was found that a 15% paper production increase could be possible if the pulp yield is kept constant.
Biorefinery implementation for recovery debottlenecking at existing pulp mills- Part II: Techno-economic evaluation
Authors: GHEZZAZ HAKIM , PELLETIER LUC , STUART PAUL R.
Published: November 2019

The evaluation and process risk assessment of (a) lignin precipitation from black liquor, and (b) the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction for recovery boiler debottlenecking in an existing pulp mill is presented in Part I of this paper, which was published in the July 2012 issue of TAPPI Journal. In Part II, the economic assessment of the two biorefinery process options is presented and interpreted. A mill process model was developed using WinGEMS software and used for calculating the mass and energy balances. Investment costs, operating costs, and profitability of the two biorefinery options have been calculated using standard cost estimation methods. The results show that the two biorefinery options are profitable for the case study mill and effective at process debottlenecking. The after-tax internal rate of return (IRR) of the lignin precipitation process option was estimated to be 95%, while that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option was 28%. Sensitivity analysis showed that the after tax-IRR of the lignin precipitation process remains higher than that of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process option, for all changes in the selected sensitivity parameters.
If we consider the after-tax IRR, as well as capital cost, as selection criteria, the results show that for the case study mill, the lignin precipitation process is more promising than the near-neutral hemicellulose pre-extraction process. However, the comparison between the two biorefinery options should include long-term evaluation criteria. The potential of high value-added products that could be produced from lignin in the case of the lignin precipitation process, or from ethanol and acetic acid in the case of the hemicellulose pre-extraction process, should also be considered in the selection of the most promising process option.
Composites from a forest biorefinery byproduct and agrofibers: Lignosulfonate-phenolic type matrices reinforced with sisal fibers
Authors: DA SILVA CRISTINA GOMES , OLIVEIRA FERNANDO , RAMIRES ELAINE CRISTINA , CASTELLAN ALAIN , FROLLINI ELISABETE
Published: November 2019

The replacement of phenol with sodium lignosulfonate and formaldehyde with glutaraldehyde in the preparation of resins resulted in a new resol-type phenolic resin, sodium lignosulfonate-glutaraldehyde resin, in addition to sodium lignosulfonate-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins. These resins were then used to prepare thermosets and composites reinforced with sisal fibers. Different techniques were used to characterize raw materials and/or thermosets and composites, including inverse gas chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, and mechanical impact and flexural tests. The substitution of phenol by sodium lignosulfonate in the formulation of the composite matrices increased the impact strength of the respective composites from approximately 400 Jm-1 to 800 J m-1 and 1000 J m-1, showing a considerable enhancement from the replacement of phenol with sodium lignosulfonate. The wettability of the sisal fibers increased when the resins were prepared from sodium lignosulfonate, generating composites in which the adhesion at the fiber-matrix interface was stronger and favored the transference of load from the matrix to the fiber during impact. Results suggested that the composites experienced a different mechanism of load transfer from the matrix to the fiber when a bending load was applied, compared to that experienced during impact. The thermogravimetric analysis results demonstrated that the thermal stability of the composites was not affected by the use of sodium lignosulfonate as a phenolic-type reagent during the preparation of the matrices.
The Use of Magnesium Sulphate and Morphine Vs. Morphine-Only in Irukandji Syndrome: A Retrospective Review of Ambulance Data
Authors: Rathbone John , Franklin Richard , Nimorakiotakis Vasilios
Published: November 2019

Introduction

In 2006, the Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) approved the use of magnesium sulphate for the management of patients with Irukandji syndrome (IS). The aim of this study was to compare pain scores and hypertensive (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg) patients who received intravenous morphine as their treatment (morphine group) over those who received a combination of intravenous morphine and magnesium (magnesium group).

Methods

A retrospective case review of all IS patients attended by the QAS between 2007 and 2014. A search of the QAS electronic data base found 112 patients had IS. Analyses in IBM SPSS v.22 was undertaken to determine the outcome in final pain scores and blood pressure between the two groups.

Results

Pain reduction was statistically different (F=29.18; p<.01), between the morphine group and the magnesium group with mean numerical pain scores post-treatment of 4.91 (95% CI: 4.02–5.81) and 2.21 (95% CI: 1.66–2.76) respectively. There was a lower frequency of patients in the magnesium group who remained hypertensive on arrival at a medical facility, with a significant difference between mean arterial BP of 101 mmHg (95% CI: 96–105; p=.028) and diastolic BP of 84 mmHg (95% CI: 80–88; p=.029) post-treatment. Of the 54 cases in the magnesium group, 32 were normotensive post-treatment compared to only six from the morphine group (n=17).

Conclusion

There has been considerable difference of opinion as to the utility of magnesium in IS and a marked difference in the results of case series versus a small randomised control trial. This study suggests that the combination of morphine and magnesium is more effective in treating patients with IS than morphine alone.
The Effect of Corporate Taxpayer Compliance, the Increase of Corporate Taxpayers' Number and Tax Audits on Income Tax Receipts of Article 25 with Taxation Sanctions as a Moderating Variable in KPP Pratama Medan Petisah
Authors: Siregar Retnawati , Nasution Ilham Ramadhan , Arifin Muhammad Adil
Published: November 2019

This study aims to measure how the effect corporate taxpayer compliance, the increase of corporate taxpayers’ number and tax audits on the income tax receipts of article 25 with taxation sanctions as a moderating variable. The population of this study amounted to 12,815 business entities sourced from secondary data, if by KPP Pratama Medan Petisah from 2014-2016, the sample of this study amounted to 129 business entities selected randomly, then the number of respondents in this study were 100 business entities which were then processed using multiple linear regression and Moderated Regrression Analysis (MRA). Independent and Dependent variables were measured using the Ratio Scale and Likert Scale. The results of this study indicate that the increase of corporate taxpayers’ number has a significant effect on the income tax receipts of article 25 and compliance with corporate taxpayers and tax audit does not significantly affect the income tax receipts of article 25, but the existence of tax sanctions as a moderating variable significantly affect corporate taxpayer compliance, the increase of corporate taxpayers’ number and tax audits on the income tax receipts of article 25. This was evidenced by the increase in Adjusted R Square from 8.9% to 96.6%. And it can be ascertained that tax sanctions moderate (increase) the effect of corporate taxpayer compliance, the increase of corporate taxpayers’ number and tax audits on the income tax receipts of article 25.
Strategy on the National Unity and Politics Agency (KESBANGPOL) in Maintaining Ethnicity and Religious Relations Based on Huma Betang Philosophy in Central Kalimantan
Authors: Suprayitno Suprayitno , Triyani Triyani , Purnama Pratiwi Putri Fransiska
Published: November 2019

The population in Central Kalimantan is plural, both in terms of ethnicity and religion. The indigenous people are Dayaks, but other ethnic groups also live side by side and become part of the people of Central Kalimantan such as Banjar, Javanese, Bugis, Madurese, Batak, Chinese, and so on. Those ethnics currently live in Central Kalimantan. Also, the followers of the religion, such as Muslims, Christians, Catholics, Hindus, Buddhists, and Kaharingan are developing rapidly in Central Kalimantan. The plurality of ethnicity relations has the potential for conflict because the differences in tradition and culture become cultural boundaries which become boundaries among the communities. In 2001 ago, Central Kalimantan Province had experienced a dark period of riots under the ethnicity reason in Sampit, Kotawaringin Timur Regency. The National Unity, Politics and Community Protection Agency (Kesbangpol) is an office in Central Kalimantan Province which the main task is the development of the values of nationalism and conflict management. Then, the particular study aims to analyze the strategies of Kesbangpol in maintaining harmony among religious & ethnic groups in Central Kalimantan based on Huma Betang Philosophy.
RETRACTED: Different Amyloid-β Self-Assemblies Have Distinct Effects on Intracellular Tau Aggregation
Authors: Shin Woo Shik , Di Jing , Murray Kevin A. , Sun Chuanqi , Li Binsen , Bitan Gal , Jiang Lin
Published: November 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is characterized by the aggregation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau in the form of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. It has been found that a synergistic relationship between these two proteins may contribute to their roles in disease progression. However, how Aβ and tau interact has not been fully characterized. Here, we analyze how tau seeding or aggregation is influenced by different Aβ self-assemblies (fibrils and oligomers). Our cellular assays utilizing tau biosensor cells show that transduction of Aβ oligomers into the cells greatly enhances seeded tau aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, transduced Aβ fibrils slightly reduce tau seeding while untransduced Aβ fibrils promote it. We also observe that the transduction of α-synuclein fibrils, another amyloid protein, has no effect on tau seeding. The enhancement of tau seeding by Aβ oligomers was confirmed using tau fibril seeds derived from both recombinant tau and PS19 mouse brain extracts containing human tau. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the specific form and cellular location of Aβ self-assembly when studying the relationship between Aβ and tau in future AD therapeutic development.
Social Value Creation and Social Innovation by Human Service Professionals: Evidence from Missouri, USA
Authors: Nandan Monica , Singh Archana , Mandayam Gokul
Published: November 2019

Owing to the contextual challenges, human service professionals (HSP) are creating social value (SV) for diverse vulnerable population groups through social innovation. This qualitative exploratory study investigates the nature of SV created by 14 HSPs, representing a diverse range of human service organizations (HSOs), and examines ‘why’ and ‘how’ they innovate. In addition, the study examines HSPs’ current understanding and practices related to social entrepreneurship (SE). The study findings highlight that increased accountability and new funding opportunities challenged HSPs to innovate. HSPs created SV by addressing new unmet needs, developing new collaborations, and employing alternative marketing strategies, thereby ensuring the financial sustainability of their programs and organizations, and promoting social and economic justice. Different understandings of SE were voiced based on the educational backgrounds of HSPs. Without formal training in SE, HSPs trained in social work appeared to use various components of the SE process, though in a haphazard fashion compared to those with a non-social work academic training. We suggest that the graduate curriculum across various disciplines should formally include principles and behaviors related to social innovation and entrepreneurship. Finally, more research is needed to understand and describe how HSPs create SV in HSOs.
Effects of Irrigation with Treated Wastewater or Well Water on the Nutrient Contents of Two Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Cultivars in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Soufan Walid , Okla Mohammad K. , Al-Ghamdi Abdullah A.
Published: November 2019

Water scarcity has greatly increased the need for research into alternative irrigation methods. Irrigation with treated wastewater (TW) is considered an important alternative in terms of reducing our dependence upon groundwater and freshwater. In this study, we examined the effects of irrigation with TW on the nutrient contents of two alfalfa cultivars and compared them with the nutrient contents of plants irrigated with well water (WW). The two cultivars (Alhassawy—a local cultivar and CUV101) were cultivated from 2013 to 2015 and sampled twice. For both cultivars and in both sampling periods, irrigation with TW significantly affected the macronutrient and micronutrient contents of alfalfa tissues. Plants irrigated with TW had higher K and Ca contents, but lower N, P, and Mg contents. No significant variation in S content was noted between plants irrigated with WW and TW. Furthermore, cultivar and cutting time had significant effects on nutrient contents, and these variables interacted with the effect of the water type used for irrigation. However, before TW can be regularly used in irrigation processes, further long-term studies are needed that consider the variations in water treatment efficiency and differences between cultivated sites in addition to the crop being irrigated with TW.
Antioxidant Seasonal Changes in Soilless Greenhouse Sweet Peppers
Authors: Neocleous Damianos , Nikolaou Georgios
Published: November 2019

This study was commissioned to study the effect of the growing season on the antioxidant components of greenhouse sweet pepper crops, which is of scientific interest because of their possible beneficial health effects. The total antioxidant activity (estimated by ferric reducing antioxidant power-FRAP assay) major antioxidants (ascorbic acid, phenolics and carotenoids) and taste fruit quality characteristics (soluble solids, titratable acidity, dry matter and sugars) were recorded in soilless-grown sweet pepper cultivars of red, orange, yellow and green color at four harvesting season months, i.e., February (winter), May (spring), July (summer) and October (autumn). The results showed seasonal variations in antioxidant components and activity of pepper fruits. In most cases measured parameters showed higher values in spring (May) and summer (July) compared with winter (February) and autumn (October) growing seasons. This study indicates that during late autumn and winter, lower levels of solar irradiance, ultraviolet radiation and temperature in Mediterranean greenhouses can be insufficient to stimulate phytochemicals production in peppers; thus, plant–light interception must be more actively managed.
Effects of Dietary Apple Polyphenols Supplementation on Hepatic Fat Deposition and Antioxidant Capacity in Finishing Pigs
Authors: Xu Xiaojiao , Chen Xiaoling , Huang Zhiqing , Chen Daiwen , He Jun , Zheng Ping , Chen Hong , Luo Junqiu , Luo Yuheng , Yu Bing , Yu Jie
Published: November 2019

Excessive fat deposition in the liver could lead to fatty liver and an increased risk of many metabolic diseases. Apple polyphenols (APPs), the major antioxidants in apples, possess wide-ranging beneficial biological functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of APPs on hepatic fat deposition and antioxidant capacity in finishing pigs, and their mechanisms. Results showed that APPs improved lipid profiles, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the fat deposition in the liver. In the liver, SOD1, CAT, GPX1, GST, NF-E2-related nuclear factor 2 (Nrf2), hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1b (CPT1b), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) mRNA levels were increased by APPs, while Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA level, C16:0 and C20:4n-6 proportions and Δ9-18 dehydrogenase activity were decreased. In conclusion, this study indicated that APPs might be an effective dietary supplementation for improving lipid profiles, increasing antioxidant capacities and decreasing fat deposition in the liver.