bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Seroprotective Levels of IgG Antibody Against Single and Two Shots of Measles-Rubella-Mumps (MMR) Vaccine in Children Aged 12 Months to 15 Years Old in Southern Iran, Ahvaz in 2018
Authors: Nashibi Roohangiz , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Keshvadi Ghazaleh , Keshvadi Mohammad Hosein
Published: September 2019

Background and Objective: Despite inclusive measles and rubella vaccination programs, the epidemics are still present in some areas. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these two vaccines simultaneously by testing the levels of IgG antibodies in children aged 12 months to 15 years old in Southern Iran.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on serum blood samples of 400 children aged 12 months to 15 years old in Ahvaz, Southern Iran in 2018. The children were divided into the following age groups: age group of 12 months to 17 months and 29 days who received a single dose of Measles, Rubella, Mumps (MMR) vaccine; age group of 18 months to 10 years old who received two doses of MMR vaccine at the ages of 12 months and 18 months; and age group of 11 to 15 years old who received two doses of MMR vaccine at the age of 12 months and 4-6 years old. In the assessments, the protective levels were defined as per the guidelines of the ELISA kit (VIRCELL Co., Spain) as follows: The serum IgG antibody levels above 11 IU/ml were defined as positive protective level, 9 to 11 IU/ml as an equivalent state, and the serum antibody level below 9 IU/ml as a negative state. Accordingly, the equivalent and negative cases were reported as negative and cases above 11 IU/ml were positive.
Results: The male to female ratio was 1.02. Most of the patients (69%) were in the age group 18 months to 10 years old. In all age groups, the number of people with a high serum anti-rubella and anti-measles IgG antibody level was higher than the protective level. There was no significant difference between the mean serum anti-rubella and anti-measles IgG antibody level between the age groups (P= 0.515, P= 0.176, respectively). For rubella, 86.66% of females and 83.16% of males, and for measles, 86.36% of females and 83.66% of males were seropositive, and there was no significant difference by two sexes (P= 0.486 and P= 0.412, respectively).
Conclusions: The frequency of seropositive anti-measles and anti-rubella vaccine was not significantly different between the subjects with a single dose and those with two doses of MMR vaccine. Further studies are needed to evaluate the adequacy of the MMR vaccine for Iranian children. Moreover, due to the lower average serum IgG antibody level measles and rubella in males, further investigation is needed to find out the causal relationship between the lack of appropriate response to vaccine injection and male gender.
Accounting principles and presumptions in agreement with environmental sustainability
Authors: Feitosa André Luís Oliveira , Santos Antônio Carlos dos
Published: September 2019

Disclosure of companiesâ€™ environment-related accounting data is a new operational area for accountants; for that to happen, it is essential to establish a concordant understanding between accounting principles and grounds and those of sustainability. This kind of knowledge achievement unrolls a methodology with exploratory and explanatory means which aims to understand accounting operation regarding sustainability legal premises, taking into account the organizationâ€™s economic purpose. Itâ€™s necessary to acknowledge that both accounting branches, traditional and environmental, anchor on equally valid theoretical grounds which are feasible to blend and develop useful information to accounting practitioners. The obsolete view that environmental impacts resulting from organizational activities should be regarded as a side effect and dealt with by society is no longer acceptable. Brazilian environmental legislature already states as mandatory to organizations to prevent, limit and recover all negative consequences of their operation. We conclude from that, that accountants must comprehend the assessment of accounting principles and grounds for environmental matters, which is consequently relevant to the connection of the theoretical concepts which the Brazilian environmental accounting is subjected to.
Análise da Sustentabilidade Ambiental do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos no Território dos Cocais/PI
Authors: Lima Maria Gomes de , Khan Ahmad Saeed , Lima Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales
Published: September 2019

O estudo analisa a sustentabilidade ambiental do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos – PAA no Território Cocais, no estado do Piauí. A pesquisa é originária de dados primários, obtidos com a aplicação de 100 questionários semiestruturados, junto a 44 beneficiários e 56 não beneficiários, nos municípios de Barras, Batalha, São João do Arraial e Esperantina. A sustentabilidade ambiental foi mensurada por meio do Índice de Sustentabilidade Ambiental – ISA, agregado pelos indicadores: Indicador de Práticas de Preparo de Solo (IPP), Indicador de Práticas de Plantio (IPP), Indicador de Práticas de Pós-Plantio (IPPP) e o Indicador de Combate às Pragas (IPCP). O Índice de Sustentabilidade Ambiental foi medido para os beneficiários (0,6320) e não beneficiários (0,5190), ambos classificados no nível de sustentabilidade médio. Observou-se que os agricultores familiares beneficiários e não beneficiários do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos - PAA estão caminhando para uma melhoria das práticas ambientalmente corretas, mas ainda necessitam implementar práticas como uso de tecnologias para o preparo do solo, redução de queimadas e defensivos. Já o indicador que mais contribuiu positivamente para o ISA, foi o de práticas de pós - plantio, decorrente do não uso de herbicidas e de uma maior utilização da capina manual por parte dos agricultores familiares.
The Holmberg Collection of Skin Clothing from Kodiak Island at the National Museum of Denmark
Authors: Schmidt Anne Lisbeth
Published: September 2019

In 1851, during his stay in what was then Russian America, Finnish scientist Henrik Johan Holmberg (1818–1864) collected a unique assortment of some four hundred objects primarily from the Indigenous people of southern Alaska and the Northwest Coast. The collection included skin clothing, dress ornaments, hunting equipment, household tools, and ceremonial objects from the Koniags (of Kodiak Island off the coast of South Alaska) and the Tlingit (along the Pacific Northwest Coast). On his journey home in 1852, Holmberg visited Copenhagen and the Museum of Northern Antiquities (later the National Museum of Denmark). There, he met Christian Jürgensen Thomsen (1788–1865), museum director, Danish antiquarian, and creator of the so-called “three-period system,” which divided early human history into the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. Last, but not least, Thomsen founded the first ethnographic museum in the world. Thomsen, who never missed an opportunity to increase the museum’s collections, succeeded in buying Holmberg’s collection from him, perhaps because of Holmberg’s poor finances. The Holmberg Collection consists of unique specimens from a period before the Indigenous population was forever influenced by the cultural changes that were introduced with the early Russian trade. This article focuses the Holmberg Collection of skin clothing, which differed considerably from that of the more northerly Inuit people. The collection is part of the Danish National Museum’s interdisciplinary research initiative Northern Worlds, under the subproject “Skin Clothing from the North,” which includes the museum’s large collection of skin clothing from circumpolar Indigenous people.
Visualizing trypanosomes in a vertebrate host reveals novel swimming behaviours, adaptations and attachment mechanisms
Authors: Dóró Éva , Jacobs Sem H , Hammond Ffion R , Schipper Henk , Pieters Remco PM , Carrington Mark , Wiegertjes Geert F , Forlenza Maria
Published: September 2019

Trypanosomes are important disease agents of humans, livestock and cold-blooded species, including fish. The cellular morphology of trypanosomes is central to their motility, adaptation to the host’s environments and pathogenesis. However, visualizing the behaviour of trypanosomes resident in a live vertebrate host has remained unexplored. In this study, we describe an infection model of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with Trypanosoma carassii. By combining high spatio-temporal resolution microscopy with the transparency of live zebrafish, we describe in detail the swimming behaviour of trypanosomes in blood and tissues of a vertebrate host. Besides the conventional tumbling and directional swimming, T. carassii can change direction through a ‘whip-like’ motion or by swimming backward. Further, the posterior end can act as an anchoring site in vivo. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a vertebrate infection model that allows detailed imaging of trypanosome swimming behaviour in vivo in a natural host environment.
As we journey towards full OA, are we using the same GPS to map the route?
Authors: Baker Katie , Webster Carrie
Published: September 2019

The move towards a full and immediate open access future has called into sharp focus the need for a new approach to research publishing. This poster will explore the concept of transformative publishing, transformative journals and the role of transformative read and publish deals.
Increasing the volume of Gold Open Access journals in SSHA
Authors: Halse Rolf , Linge Lena Cecilie
Published: September 2019

Currently, there is an apparent lack of Gold Open Access journals in Social Science, Humanities and Arts (SSHA), as showcased by the open letter the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) sent to the SSHA communities 16 May 2019. DOAJ asserts in the letter that they agree 100% that DOAJ’s coverage of SSHA journals is insufficient. The implications of the lack of available outlets for research articles by SSHA grantholders in the early years of Plan S implementation may include disadvantages for researchers in the fields. A mandatory criterion for Plan S compliant OA journals is that they must be registered in the DOAJ. One consequence of the lack of coverage is when SSHA scholars seek funding from any of the research agencies or funders that are part of cOAlition S, as scholars will encounter difficulties in finding relevant quality Gold OA journals in which they can publish their research. This could impair SSHA scholars’ chances of receiving grants. Because of the ongoing and accelerated changes to the scholarly publication landscape today, there is a need to support SSHA communities with identifying quality journals which qualifies as Gold OA. To achieve ‘true’ Gold OA status a journal needs to be indexed in DOAJ, as Gold OA journals are in practice defined by their inclusion in this directory.

The European Reference Index for the Humanities and the Social Sciences (ERIH PLUS) provides a curated register of peer reviewed journals in the social sciences, arts and humanities. Today ERIH PLUS includes 7,473 scientific journals, and 2,220 of the journals are also listed by DOAJ. Furthermore, ERIH PLUS covers 1,469,204 scholarly Gold OA publications, according to data from Dimensions. However, less than half of these, 712,135 publications, are today indexed in DOAJ. Dimensions (free version) classifies Gold OA publications in the following way: “Gold – refers to articles in fully accessible open access journals that are available immediately upon publication without a license”. In this project we seek to identify DOAJ inclusion candidates from the group of journals that have published the 757,069 Gold OA publications that are not listed in DOAJ, according to Dimensions data. We will work with editors/editorial staff of journals that we identify as having the potential to be indexed by DOAJ. The goal is to increase the volume of Gold OA journals in SSHA. We will contact, present arguments and provide support to journal editors in order to convince them to apply for inclusion in DOAJ.

In the poster, we will outline and describe some of the key tasks for the project in order to reach our goal. The project that we will briefly outline will center on:

Describing incentives for obtaining ‘true’ Gold OA status for SSHA journals

Identifying journals in ERIH PLUS for possible DOAJ inclusion

Efforts to flip SSHA journals to ‘true’ Gold OA
Genome skimming is a low-cost and robust strategy to assemble complete mitochondrial genomes from ethanol preserved specimens in biodiversity studies
Authors: Trevisan Bruna , Alcantara Daniel M.C. , Machado Denis Jacob , Marques Fernando P.L. , Lahr Daniel J.G.
Published: September 2019

Global loss of biodiversity is an ongoing process that concerns both local and global authorities. Studies of biodiversity mainly involve traditional methods using morphological characters and molecular protocols. However, conventional methods are a time consuming and resource demanding task. The development of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) techniques has reshaped the way we explore biodiversity and opened a path to new questions and novel empirical approaches. With the emergence of HTS, sequencing the complete mitochondrial genome became more accessible, and the number of genome sequences published has increased exponentially during the last decades. Despite the current state of knowledge about the potential of mitogenomics in phylogenetics, this is still a relatively under-explored area for a multitude of taxonomic groups, especially for those without commercial relevance, non-models organisms and with preserved DNA. Here we take the first step to assemble and annotate the genomes from HTS data using a new protocol of genome skimming which will offer an opportunity to extend the field of mitogenomics to under-studied organisms. We extracted genomic DNA from specimens preserved in ethanol. We used Nextera XT DNA to prepare indexed paired-end libraries since it is a powerful tool for working with diverse samples, requiring a low amount of input DNA. We sequenced the samples in two different Illumina platform (MiSeq or NextSeq 550). We trimmed raw reads, filtered and had their quality tested accordingly. We performed the assembly using a baiting and iterative mapping strategy, and the annotated the putative mitochondrion through a semi-automatic procedure. We applied the contiguity index to access the completeness of each new mitogenome. Our results reveal the efficiency of the proposed method to recover the whole mitogenomes of preserved DNA from non-model organisms even if there are gene rearrangement in the specimens. Our findings suggest the potential of combining the adequate platform and library to the genome skimming as an innovative approach, which opens a new range of possibilities of its use to obtain molecular data from organisms with different levels of preservation.
Biochar application significantly affects the N pool and microbial community structure in purple and paddy soils
Authors: Yan Shen , Niu Zhengyang , Yan Haitao , Yun Fei , Peng Guixin , Yang Yongfeng , Liu Guoshun
Published: September 2019

Background

The increasing demand for food production has resulted in the use of large quantities of chemical fertilizers. This has created major environmental problems, such as increased ammonia volatilization, N2O emission, and nitrogen (N) leaching from agricultural soil. In particular, the utilization rate of N fertilizer is low in subtropical southern parts of China due to high rainfall. This causes not only large financial losses in agriculture, but also serious environmental pollution.

Methods

In this study, 16S rDNA-based analysis and static-chamber gas chromatography were used to elucidate the effects of continuous straw biochar application on the N pool and bacteria environment in two typical soil types, purple and paddy soils, in southern China.

Results

Straw biochar application (1) improved the soil N pool in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils; (2) significantly reduced the emission of N2O, with no difference in emission between 1 and 2 years of application; (3) increased the abundance of N-processing bacteria in the soil and altered the bacterial community structure; and (4) improved the tobacco yield and N use efficiency in paddy soil. These findings suggest that, in southern China, the application of straw biochar can promote N transformation in purple and paddy soils and reduce the emission of the greenhouse gas N2O.
Animal Models in Translational Research
Authors: Bolker Jessica A
Published: September 2019

Animal models are a central tool in translational research – that is either basic or targeted biological research designed to generate knowledge that will enhance human health. Basic research generally focuses on gaining insight into disease mechanisms; more targeted studies are used to create and test potential therapies and other clinical applications. While a few core species (especially rodents) dominate translational research, the rapid development of molecular and other tools is providing access to a wide array of new models that can complement traditional species and approaches. Model choice should be guided by a combination of biological, epistemological, and practical considerations, including evaluation of likely predictive validity in the context of a particular research program.

Key Concepts

Animal models serve as proxies for humans in much biomedical research.

To support translation, models must have both internal and predictive validity.

Effective models balance representation of the target with tractability for research.

Rodent models dominate translational research, but emerging tools are increasing access to and interest in a wide range of additional species.

Model choice should be guided by both biological and epistemological considerations, in the context of a particular research program.

Model choice and interpretation must be informed by knowledge of the unique biology of both the model and the target species, especially their evolutionary history.

Challenges in model‐based translational research include limited knowledge of targets and overreliance on a few dominant model species.

Emerging technologies for
ex vivo
models based on human cells will complement, but probably not replace, the use of animal models in translational research.
Serum neurofilament heavy chains as early marker of motor neuron degeneration
Authors: De Schaepdryver Maxim , Goossens Janne , De Meyer Steffi , Jeromin Andreas , Masrori Pegah , Brix Britta , Claeys Kristl G. , Schaeverbeke Jolien , Adamczuk Katarzyna , Vandenberghe Rik , Van Damme Philip , Poesen Koen
Published: September 2019

Objective

To determine whether serum phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH) levels are elevated before patients were diagnosed with sporadic or familial ALS, and what the prognostic value of these prediagnostic pNfH levels is.

Methods

pNfH was measured via ELISA in leftovers of serum drawn for routine purposes before the time of diagnosis. These prediagnostic samples were retrieved from the biobank of the University Hospitals Leuven for 95 patients who in follow‐up received a diagnosis of ALS. Additionally, 35 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 85 healthy controls (HC) were included in this retrospective study.

Results

The median disease duration (range) from onset to prediagnostic sampling and from onset to diagnosis was 6.5 (−71.9–36.1) and 9.9 (2.0–40.7) months, respectively. Fifty‐eight percent of the prediagnostic samples had serum pNfH levels above the 95th percentile of pNfH levels measured in HC. Serum pNfH levels (median (range)) were elevated up to 18 months before the diagnosis of ALS (91 pg/mL (6–342 pg/mL)) in comparison with HC (30 pg/mL (6–146 pg/mL); P = 0.05), and increased during the prediagnostic stage, which was not observed in patients with MCI. Furthermore, prediagnostic pNfH levels were a univariate predictor of survival in ALS (hazard ratio (95% CI): 2.16 (1.20–3.87); P = 0.01).

Interpretation

Our findings demonstrate that serum pNfH is elevated well before the time of diagnosis in mainly sporadic ALS patients. These results encourage to prospectively explore if pNfH has an added value to shorten the diagnostic delay in ALS.
Adaptive control design for MIMO switched nonlinear systems with full state constraints
Authors: Chen Aiqing , Liu Lei , Liu Yan‐Jun
Published: September 2019

This paper presents an adaptive fuzzy control approach of multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) switched uncertain systems, which involve time‐varying full state constraints (TFSCs) and unknown disturbances. In the design procedure, the fuzzy logic systems are adopted to approximate the unknown functions in the systems. The adaptive fuzzy controller is set up by backstepping technique. According to the tangent barrier Lyapunov function (BLF‐Tan), a novel adaptive MIMO switched nonlinear control algorithm is designed. Under the rule of arbitrary switchings and the proposed control laws, it is demonstrated that all signals in the resulted system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded (SGUUB) and the tracking error converges to a small neighborhood of zero with TFSCs. Furthermore, the simulation example validates the effectiveness of presented control strategy.
Anomalous Evolution of Strength and Microstructure of High‐Entropy Alloy CoCrFeNiMn after High‐Pressure Torsion at 300 and 77 K
Authors: Podolskiy Aleksey V. , Shapovalov Yuriy O. , Tabachnikova Elena D. , Tortika Aleksandr S. , Tikhonovsky Mikhail A. , Joni Bertalan , Ódor Eva , Ungar Tamas , Maier Stefan , Rentenberger Christian , Zehetbauer Michael J. , Schafler Erhard
Published: September 2019

Ultrafine and nanocrystalline states of equiatomic face‐centered cubic (fcc) high‐entropy alloy (HEA) CoCrFeNiMn (“Cantor” alloy) are achieved by high‐pressure torsion (HPT) at 300 K (room temperature, RT) and 77 K (cryo). Although the hardness after RT‐HPT reaches exceptionally high values, those from cryo‐HPT are distinctly lower, at least when the torsional strain lies beyond γ = 25. The values are stable even during long‐time storage at ambient temperature. A similar paradoxal result is reflected by torque data measured in situ during HPT processing. The reasons for this paradox are attributed to the enhanced hydrostatic pressure, cryogenic temperature, and especially large shear strains achieved by the cryo‐HPT. At these conditions, selected area electron diffraction (SAD) patterns indicate that a partial local phase change from fcc to hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) structure occurs, which results in a highly heterogeneous structure. This heterogeneity is accompanied by both an increase in average grain size and especially a strong decrease in average dislocation density, which is estimated to mainly cause the paradox low strength.
A Hydrangea‐Like Superstructure of Open Carbon Cages with Hierarchical Porosity and Highly Active Metal Sites
Authors: Hou Chun‐Chao , Zou Lianli , Xu Qiang
Published: September 2019

Carbon micro‐/nanocages have attracted great attention owing to their wide potential applications. Herein, a self‐templated strategy is presented for the synthesis of a hydrangea‐like superstructure of open carbon cages through morphology‐controlled thermal transformation of core@shell metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Direct pyrolysis of core@shell zinc (Zn)@cobalt (Co)‐MOFs produces well‐defined open‐wall nitrogen‐doped carbon cages. By introducing guest iron (Fe) ions into the core@shell MOF precursor, the open carbon cages are self‐assembled into a hydrangea‐like 3D superstructure interconnected by carbon nanotubes, which are grown in situ on the Fe–Co alloy nanoparticles formed during the pyrolysis of Fe‐introduced Zn@Co‐MOFs. Taking advantage of such hierarchically porous superstructures with excellent accessibility, synergetic effects between the Fe and the Co, and the presence of catalytically active sites of both metal nanoparticles and metal–Nx
species, this superstructure of open carbon cages exhibits efficient bifunctional catalysis for both oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction, achieving a great performance in Zn–air batteries.
Controllable High‐Speed Electrostatic Manipulation of Water Droplets on a Superhydrophobic Surface
Authors: Dai Haoyu , Gao Can , Sun Junhan , Li Chuxin , Li Ning , Wu Lei , Dong Zhichao , Jiang Lei
Published: September 2019

Biological processes and technological applications cannot work without liquid control, where versatile water droplet manipulation is a significant issue. Droplet motion is conventionally manipulated by functionalizing the target surface or by utilizing additives in the droplet, still, with uncontrolled limitation on superhydrophobic surfaces since droplets are either unable to move fast or are difficult to stop while moving. A controllable high‐speed “all‐in‐one” no‐loss droplet manipulation, that is, in‐plane moving and stopping/pinning in any direction on a superhydrophobic surface, with electrostatic charging is demonstrated. The experimental results reveal that the transport speed can vary from zero to several hundreds of millimeters per second. Controlled dynamic switching between the onset moving state and the offset pinning state of a water droplet can be achieved by out‐of‐plane electrostatic charging. This work opens the possibility of droplet control techniques in various applications, such as combinatory chemistry, biochemical, and medical detection.
Reproducible and Scalable Generation of Multilayer Nanocomposite Constructs for Ultrasensitive Nanobiosensing
Authors: Salahandish Razieh , Zargartalebi Hossein , Janmaleki Mohsen , Khetani Sultan , Azarmanesh Milad , Ashani Mehdi Mohammadi , Aburashed Raied , Vatani Maryam , Ghaffarinejad Ali , Sanati‐Nezhad Amir
Published: September 2019

Electrochemical nanobiosensors are ultrasensitive tools used for detection and monitoring of various markers in biofluids. In the absence of reliable techniques for large‐scale production of reproducible nanomaterial structures on the electrodes, they are created individually in batch‐production. This has become a substantial hurdle in the practical implementation of electrochemical nanobiosensors. An automated microfluidic‐based platform (NanoChip) is presented for reproducible and scalable formation of complex nanomaterial constructs with a defined order of nanocomposites and biomaterials to create ultrasensitive nanobiosensors. The automated liquid handling system of the setup delivers reagents to electrodes inserted temporarily into the chip for modifying their surfaces by depositing different nanomaterials. The NanoChip platform is used for the creation of a multilayer nanocomposite structure on the electrode surface. These reproducible nanobiosensors are used for detecting breast cancer cells in the blood. The nanobiosensors offered a dynamic detection range of 10 to 5 × 106 cells mL−1. Performance of sensors produced from NanoChip shows similar selectivity and operational range along with improved sensitivity and reproducibility compared to sensors developed using batch process. These features make automated Nanochip technology a versatile tool for producing nanosensors for the ultrasensitive detection of various markers in biomedical, clinical, energy, and environmental applications.
Segregation behavior of binary mixtures of cylindrical particles with different length ratios in the rotating drum
Authors: Yang Shiliang , Wang Hua , Wei Yonggang , Hu Jianhang , Chew Jia Wei
Published: September 2019

Particle shape impacts the flow behavior of granular material but this effect is still far from being fully understood. Using discrete element method, the current work explores the segregation phenomena of the binary mixtures of cylindrical particles (differing in length but with the same diameter) in the three‐dimensional rotating drum operating in the rolling regime, with each cylindrical particle fully represented by the superquadric equation. The important characteristics and the effect of length ratio on the flow dynamics of the binary mixtures are discussed. Some trends are in sync with those of binary mixtures of spherical particles. Unique to nonspherical particles is the orientation of particles, with results indicating that the cylindrical particles align their major axes perpendicular to the drum axis and this behavior becomes more significant for large particles when the length ratio increases. The length‐induced radial segregation causes the orientation of large cylindrical particles to be less uniform.
Benefits and harms of aspirin desensitization for aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chu Derek K. , Lee Daniel J. , Lee Keith M. , Schünemann Holger J. , Szczeklik Wojciech , Lee John M.
Published: September 2019

Background

Aspirin desensitization is increasingly recommended for the treatment of aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). The objective of this study is to systematically review the efficacy and safety of aspirin desensitization in patients with AERD.

Methods

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to January 5, 2019. We included randomized trials and comparative observational studies in any language. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed in duplicate independently.

Results

Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolled 233 patients with AERD. Compared to placebo, aspirin desensitization (mean daily dose 800 mg) improved quality of life (risk ratio [RR] 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31 to 3.06; heterogeneity measure [I2] = 0%; risk difference [RD] +24%; 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test [SNOT‐22] scale [0 to 110, higher worse]; mean difference [MD] −10.27 [95% CI, −6.39 to −14.15]; moderate‐certainty); and respiratory symptoms (RR 2.20 [95% CI, 1.55 to 2.73], I2 = 34%, RD +36%; American Academy of Otolaryngology (AAO) scale [0 to 20, higher worse]; MD −2.56 [95% CI,−1.12 to −3.92]; high‐certainty). Aspirin desensitization increased adverse events severe enough to cause treatment discontinuation (major bleeding, gastritis, asthma exacerbation, or rash causing drug discontinuation, RR 4.39 [95% CI, 1.43 to 13.50], I2 = 0%, RD +11%, moderate‐certainty), and gastritis (RR 3.84 [95% CI, 1.12 to 13.19], I2 = 0%, RD +9%, low‐certainty). Findings were robust to sensitivity analyses. Two available observational studies were not informative because they lacked adjustment for confounders and/or contemporaneous controls.

Conclusion

In patients with AERD, moderate‐certainty and high‐certainty evidence shows that aspirin desensitization meaningfully reduces symptoms of rhinosinusitis and improves quality of life, but results in a significant increase in adverse events.
Synergistically Interactive Pyridinic‐N–MoP Sites: Identified Active Centers for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Zhao Di , Sun Kaian , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Zheng Lirong , Zhang Chao , Liu Shoujie , Cao Xing , Wu Konglin , Pan Yuan , Zhuang Zewen , Hu Botao , Wang Dingsheng , Peng Qing , Chen Chen , Li Yadong
Published: September 2019

For electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), encapsulating transition metal phosphides (TMPs) into nitrogen‐doped carbon materials has been known as an effective strategy to elevate the activity and stability. Yet still, it remains unclear how the TMPs work synergistically with the N‐doped support, and which N configuration (pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, or graphitic N) contributes predominantly to the synergy. Here we present a HER electrocatalyst (denoted as MoP@NCHSs) comprising MoP nanoparticles encapsulated in N‐doped carbon hollow spheres, which displays excellent activity and stability for HER in alkaline media. Results of experimental investigations and theoretical calculations indicate that the synergy between MoP and the pyridinic N can most effectively promote the HER in alkaline media.
Organic Free Radicals as Circularly Polarized Luminescence Emitters
Authors: Mayorga Burrezo Paula , Jiménez Vicente G. , Blasi Davide , Ratera Imma , Campaña Araceli G. , Veciana Jaume
Published: September 2019

Chiroptical properties of two chiral atropisomers of propeller‐like trityl‐based radical derivatives have been analyzed. A new absolute configuration (AC) assignment has been made, according to the combination of experimental and theoretical data. In this sense, their ACs have been determined through the comparison of the Cotton effects recorded by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) with the theoretical ECD of the open shell structures obtained by TD‐DFT calculations. Finally, their circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) responses have been addressed. Remarkably, this is the first description of organic free radicals as intrinsic CPL emitters. Opposite signed CPL has been detected for each pair of conformers, with acceptable luminescent dissymmetry factors (|glum|≈0.5–0.8×10−3) considering their pure organic nature. In fact, highly efficient chiral emissions have been demonstrated, according to the comparison of |glum| with their respective absorption anisotropy factors (|gabs|). This pioneering study lays the foundations for the optimization of new magnetically active organic chiral emitters.
Three Mechanisms in One Material: Uranium Capture by a Polyoxometalate–Organic Framework through Combined Complexation, Chemical Reduction, and Photocatalytic Reduction
Authors: Zhang Hailong , Liu Wei , Li Ao , Zhang Duo , Li Xiaoyan , Zhai Fuwan , Chen Lanhua , Chen Long , Wang Yanlong , Wang Shuao
Published: September 2019

The design and synthesis of uranium sorbent materials with high uptake efficiency, capacity and selectivity, as well as excellent hydrolytic stability and radiation resistance remains a challenge. Herein, a polyoxometalate (POM)–organic framework material (SCU‐19) with a rare inclined polycatenation structure was designed, synthesized through a solvothermal method, and tested for uranium separation. Under dark conditions, SCU‐19 can efficiently capture uranium through ligand complexation using its exposed oxo atoms and partial chemical reduction from UVI to UIV by the low‐valent Mo atoms in the POM. An additional UVI photocatalytic reduction mechanism can occur under visible light irradiation, leading to a higher uranium removal without saturation and faster sorption kinetics. SCU‐19 is the only uranium sorbent material with three distinct sorption mechanisms, as further demonstrated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis.
Fe3O4@silica‐MCM‐41@DABCO: A novel magnetically reusable nanostructured catalyst for clean in situ synthesis of substituted 2‐aminodihydropyrano[3,2‐b]pyran‐3‐cyano
Authors: Ojaghi Aghbash Khadijeh , Noroozi Pesyan Nader , Batmani Hana
Published: September 2019

DABCO (1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)‐modified magnetite with silica‐MCM‐41 shell (Fe3O4@silica‐MCM‐41@DABCO) as an effective, magnetic and novel heterogeneous reusable nanocatalyst was synthesized and analysed using various techniques. Evaluation of the catalytic activity of this nanocatalyst was performed in the clean synthesis of substituted 2‐aminodihydropyrano[3,2‐b]pyran‐3‐cyano in high yields via in situ reaction of azido kojic acid, malononitrile and various aldehydes.
Phase change material with flexible crosslinking for thermal energy storage
Authors: Wang Yi , Yuan Anqian , Zhao Yuanyang , Liu Qinfeng , Lei Jingxin
Published: September 2019

The utilization of renewable energy through phase change materials (PCMs) is particularly attractive for the realization of sustainable society. Herein, a flexible but reliable solid–solid PCM was successfully synthesized by the integration of quadruple H‐bonding crosslinks with polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐based polyurethanes. The strong quadruple H‐bonding from the dimerization of 2‐ureido‐4 [1H]‐pyrimidinone (UPy) units could act as dynamic cross‐links to maintain shape stability. PEG chains in flexible polymer network serve as phase change ingredients, affording thermal energy storage capacity. The physical crosslink density and phase change enthalpy can be adjusted. In contrast to chemical crosslinks, the physical crosslinks of UPy provide reprocessability of the prepared PCMs and show little hindrance on the crystallization of PEG chains. The chemical structure, phase transformation, crystallization, and thermal properties of prepared PCMs were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction, polarizing microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis. DSC analysis shows that the prepared PCM can store 101.9 J g−1 when PCMs undergo phase change process. Moreover, the accelerated thermal cycling test and leakage test are also conducted to illustrate the thermal reliability and shape‐stable properties. These PCMs that possess high phase change enthalpy and outstanding reprocessability are alternative for solar energy collection and waste heat recovery. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48497.
RETRACTED: lncRNA HOTAIR promotes gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis via targeting miR‐126 to active CXCR4 and RhoA signaling pathway
Authors: Xiao Jun , Lai Hao , Wei Sheng‐Hong , Ye Zai‐Sheng , Gong Fu‐Sheng , Chen Lu‐Chuan
Published: September 2019

HOTAIR, a well‐known long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA), has been recognized to contribute to the tumor metastasis in several tumors. But its role in gastric cancer remains elusive. Here, we reported an increase in HOTAIR promoted proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer cell lines. The HOTAIR and miR‐126 level was determined in 15 paired primary gastric cancer tissues and their adjacent noncancerous gastric tissues. Over‐expression or downregulation HOTAIR was conducted in AGS or BGC‐823 cells to investigate the impact of HOTAIR in proliferation and metastasis. Then dual luciferase reporter assay was utilized to study the interaction between CXCR4 and miR‐126. Cells transfected with shHOTAIR or miR‐126 mimic were subjected to western blot to investigate the role of SDF‐1/CXCR4 signaling in HOTAIR mediated proliferation and metastasis. HOTAIR was highly expressed in gastric cancer tissues and several gastric cancer cell lines. Overexpressed HOTAIR facilitated proliferation and metastasis in vitro while HOTAIR knockdown inhibit proliferation and metastasis. A negative correlation was observed between miR‐126 and HOTAIR. And, we also confirmed the decrease in miR‐126 in clinic specimen. Furthermore, HOTAIR and miR‐126 negatively regulated each other and then increase or decrease CXCR4 expression and downstream pathway, respectively. CXCR4 was confirmed as a direct target of miR‐126. Our study demonstrated that high HOTAIR expression promote proliferation and metastasis in gastric cancer via miR‐126/CXCR4 axis and downstream signaling pathways.
Prognostic significance of CXCR4 expression in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Du Wen , Lu Cong , Zhu Xinyun , Hu Dong , Chen Xiangjun , Li Juan , Liu Wei , Zhu Jiang , He Yanli , Yao Junxia
Published: September 2019

Background

CXCR4 chemokine receptors play an important role in leukemia proliferation, extramedullary migration, infiltration, adhesion, and resistance to chemotherapy drugs.

Methods

The CXCR4 expression by flow cytometry in 122 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients between 2010 and 2014 was analyzed.

Results

The expression of CXCR4 in AML‐M4/M5 was found to be significantly higher than that of other subtypes according to both FAB subtype and WHO classification. The FLT3‐ITD mutant was significantly higher in high CXCR4 expression group (P = .0086). Our data also showed that CXCR4 expression was correlated with CD64 expression. Low CXCR4 expression on AML cells was associated with better prognosis, and the median overall survival (OS) for low CXCR4 expression patients was 318 days, compared with 206 days for patients with high CXCR4 expression (P = .045). Multivariate analysis revealed that CXCR4 expression, age, and extramedullary infiltration were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that CXCR4 expression in AML was an independent prognostic predictor for disease survival that could be rapidly and easily determined by flow cytometry at disease presentation.
Sadly, you made me earn it: The effect of responsibility attributions for sadness on food indulgence
Authors: Munichor Nira , Friedlander Nitzan
Published: September 2019

This article addresses the mixed findings of prior studies regarding hedonic food indulgence in sadness. Building upon the idea that self‐licensing may underlie the effect of sadness on food indulgence, the current research identifies responsibility attributions, namely, whether consumers attribute the cause of their sadness to themselves or to others, as an important factor that may affect sense of deservingness, and consequently affect hedonic food consumption in sadness. Four experiments show that sadness enhances food indulgence more when consumers attribute the responsibility for their sadness to others rather than to themselves. Specifically, findings show that (a) when self‐responsibility attributions are unlikely, sadness increases chocolate consumption; (b) sadness leads to a greater sense of deservingness and enhanced food indulgence when people hold others rather than themselves responsible for their sadness; and (c) the responsibility attribution effect on food indulgence in sadness is more pronounced at high levels of sadness and when the event that triggered one's sadness is significant. These findings contribute to our understanding of the factors that influence food indulgence in sadness.
Artificial Signal Transduction across Membranes
Authors: Vanuytsel Steven , Carniello Joanne , Wallace Mark Ian
Published: September 2019

A key conundrum in the construction of an artificial cell is to simultaneously maintain a robust physical barrier to the external environment, while also providing efficient exchange of information across this barrier. Biomimicry provides a number of avenues by which such requirements might be met. Herein, we provide a brief introduction to the challenges facing this field and explore progress to date.
Recurrent malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor as a friable nodule within a scar
Authors: Wilkison Bart D. , Dalton Scott R. , Xia Yang
Published: September 2019

This case enforces the importance of a patient's medical history in assisting with the diagnosis of nonspecific cutaneous lesions. Also, other types of lesions occurring within a scar are reviewed.
Characterization of Absorption Performance for Gaseous Acetone with Ionic Liquid Solutions
Authors: Wei Shi-Ming , Hu Jia-Ming , Wang Xin-Dian , Long Chao , Zhang Feng , Zhang Zhi-Bing
Published: September 2019

New absorbents composed of diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGBE), paraffin oil, and ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared for the removal of gaseous acetone. Three ILs, namely, [bmim][PF6], [bmim][BF4], and [bmim][Ac], were used to regulate the absorption performance. Different paraffin oil mass fractions and IL mass fractions were applied to determine the right formula with suitable physical properties and absorption performance. The Henry coefficients of acetone in the absorbents were measured to evaluate the influence of absorbent composition on the absorption capacity. The removal performances of these absorbents were investigated in a bubbling bottle to evaluate the combined impact of Henry coefficient and physical properties.
Investigation of the Structure of the Biochar Obtained by Slow Pyrolysis of Elephant Grass during Its Steam Gasification
Authors: Ferreira Suelem Daiane , Junges Janaína , Bassanesi Gabriela Reginato , Lazzarotto Ivan Pedro , Osório Eduardo , Godinho Marcelo
Published: September 2019

A detailed evaluation of the structure of biochar from slow pyrolysis of elephant grass during its steam gasification was performed. The effects of surface area and inherent alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) species on the reactivity of the biochar were investigated. Drastic changes in biochar structure occurred throughout the reaction, especially for low degrees of conversion. The BET surface area of the biochar increased significantly until the conversion reached 0.49, and there was a steep decrease at high degrees of conversion. The biochar showed a high AAEM concentration. The aromaticity of the biochar suggested an ordered carbon structure that can lower the reaction rate. The high syngas yield makes the process attractive for generation of renewable energy.
Thin‐Film Lithium Niobites and Their Chemical Properties for Lithium‐Ion Storage and Diffusion
Authors: Lee Dong‐Chan , Shank Joshua C. , Tellekamp M. Brooks , Doolittle W. Alan , Alamgir Faisal M.
Published: September 2019

Thin‐film lithium niobite (LiNbO2)‐based batteries that are binder‐ and conducting‐agent‐free were fabricated and tested. The 1.1 μm thick lithium niobite film was observed to have a unique (101)‐oriented crystalline arrangement with the Li deficiency. The electrode demonstrated stable cyclability with 153 mAh g−1 of reversible capacity over 400 cycles of charge/discharge at 56 mA g−1. Lithium niobite exhibited its outstanding rate performance by presenting 15 mAh g−1 even at 14 000 mA g−1 of extremely high current density as well as by exhibiting a full capacity recovery at the subsequent measurement. X‐ray diffraction confirmed a dominant single‐phase reaction of lithium niobite, where Li cations are (de)inserted into the octahedral sites between (NbO2)n− layers of edge‐shared NbO6 trigonal prisms. Post‐mortem analysis using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy with Ar‐ion etching revealed that, besides the main intercalation reaction from Li0.5NbO2 to LiNbO2, about 9.3 % of LiNbO2 undergoes a conversion reaction to Nb.
Ni‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Enynes and Alkynylboronates: Atom‐Economical Synthesis of Boryl‐1,4‐dienes
Authors: Cabrera‐Lobera Natalia , Quirós M. Teresa , Buñuel Elena , Cárdenas Diego J.
Published: September 2019

We report a novel atom‐economical Ni‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of enynes with alkynylboronates. The reaction employs a non‐expensive Ni salt, a phosphine‐based ligand and easy‐handling alkynylboronates as boron–carbon source. The reaction provides complex fused‐bicyclic compounds containing borylated 1,4‐cyclohexadienes in high yields in short reaction times, involving the formation of two C−C bonds in one step. A reasonable reaction mechanism is proposed based on mechanistic experimental results.
Towards Efficient and Photostable Red‐Emitting Photonic Materials Based on Symmetric All‐BODIPY‐Triads, ‐Pentads, and ‐Hexads
Authors: Avellanal‐Zaballa Edurne , Ventura Juan , Gartzia‐Rivero Leire , Bañuelos Jorge , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Uriel Clara , Gómez Ana M. , Lopez J. Cristobal
Published: September 2019

The development of efficient and stable red and near‐IR emitting materials under hard radiation doses and/or prolonged times is a sought‐after task due to their widespread applications in optoelectronics and biophotonics. To this aim, novel symmetric all‐BODIPY‐triads, ‐pentads, and ‐hexads have been designed and synthesized as light‐harvesting arrays. These photonic materials are spectrally active in the 655–730 nm region and display high molar absorption across UV–visible region. Furthermore, they provide, to the best of our knowledge, the highest lasing efficiency (up to 68 %) and the highest photostability (tolerance >1300 GJ mol−1) in the near‐IR spectral region ever recorded under drastic pumping conditions. Additionally, the modular synthetic strategy to access the cassettes allows the systematic study of their photonic behavior related to structural factors. Collectively, the outstanding behavior of these multichromophoric photonic materials provides the keystone for engineering multifunctional systems to expedite the next generation of effective red optical materials.