bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symptoms of Exercise Dependence and Physical Activity in Students
Authors: MaClaren Vance V. , Best Lisa A.
Published: October 2010

Health professionals recognize the benefits of moderate physical activity and encourage clients to engage in some form of activity on a regular basis. In spite of these recognized benefits, there are growing concerns that some may exercise at levels detrimental to health. The term exercise dependence refers to those individuals whose extreme exercise schedules interfere with their social, occupational, and family lives. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between weekly exercise habits and scores on the Exercise Dependence Questionnaire in a sample of undergraduate students (213 women and 79 men). Overall, participants who reported high activity scored higher than those reporting low activity on subscales measuring interference with family and social life, positive reward, withdrawal, exercise for social reasons, exercise for health reasons, and stereotyped behavior.
Effects of Acute Caffeine Withdrawal on Short Category Test Performance in Sleep-Deprived Individuals
Authors: Killgore William D. S. , Kahn-Greene Ellen T. , Killgore Desiree B. , Kamimori Gary H. , Balkin Thomas J.
Published: October 2010

Caffeine is a popular stimulant often used to counter the effects of sleep loss and fatigue. Withdrawal from caffeine may produce mild declines in simple cognitive capacities such as attention and concentration, but it is unclear whether more complex cognitive functions, such as abstract reasoning or concept formation, may be similarly affected. To assess the effect of acute caffeine withdrawal on executive functioning during sleep deprivation, 26 healthy volunteers were administered in double-blind form either repeated doses of caffeine or placebo over two nights of continuous wakefulness. The 108-item Short Category Test was administered after 56 hr. of total sleep deprivation (9 hr. post-caffeine administration). The caffeine group scored significantly more poorly, making approximately 57% more errors on the test than the placebo group. These findings suggest that acute caffeine withdrawal during prolonged sleep deprivation has an adverse effect on abstract reasoning and concept formation.
Practice-Related Effects in a Go-Nogo Task
Authors: Schapkin Sergei A. , Falkenstein Michael , Marks Anke , Griefahn Barbara
Published: October 2010

Comparison of an incoming stimulus with a memory template and the inhibition of an irrelevant response representation assumes these are separable processes differently affected by practice. Practice effects were studied in a visual Go-Nogo task which contained stimuli either compatible or incompatible with a response. Eight participants (19–28 years old, M = 23.3, SD = 3.6) performed the task with simultaneous EEG recording every morning during three consecutive weeks except weekends. Short-term, long-term, as well as weekday effects were analyzed. As a short-term effect, the false alarm rate became smaller; this was accompanied by an enhancement of the frontal N2 component of the event-related potential (ERP). As a long-term effect, the shortening of reaction time to incompatible stimuli and increase of the blink rate for Go trials was observed. Within the N2 two subcomponents, the early (N2e) and late (N2l) could be distinguished. N2e and N2l varied differently with the experimental manipulations. First, they showed different effects of stimulus compatibility. Second, the N2e was enhanced with practice irrespective of trial type, while the practice-related increase of the N2l was obtained for Nogo trials only. Third, the practice-related effects on components differed in scalp topography. The results suggest N2e reflects the comparison process and N2l the inhibition of an irrelevant response representation. Both processes improved with practice.
The Robustness of Designs for Trials With Nested Data Against Incorrect Initial Intracluster Correlation Coefficient Estimates
Authors: Korendijk Elly J. H. , Moerbeek Mirjam , Maas Cora J. M.
Published: October 2010

In the case of trials with nested data, the optimal allocation of units depends on the budget, the costs, and the intracluster correlation coefficient. In general, the intracluster correlation coefficient is unknown in advance and an initial guess has to be made based on published values or subject matter knowledge. This initial estimate is likely to deviate from the true intracluster correlation coefficient. The current study investigates the extent to which the efficiency of a design for a trial with nested data and continuous outcome variables is influenced by an incorrect initial intracluster correlation coefficient estimate. We focus on trials with nested data in both treatment conditions as well as in one treatment condition. The investigated designs prove to be rather robust against the misspecification of the intracluster correlation coefficient. Although underestimating the intracluster correlation coefficient leads to a steeper decrease in the efficiency of a design than overestimating it, the relative efficiency of the treatment effect estimate remains above 90% as long as the population intracluster correlation coefficient is not underestimated by more than 75% or overestimated by more than 175%.
The Application of the Cumulative Logistic Regression Model to Automated Essay Scoring
Authors: Haberman Shelby J. , Sinharay Sandip
Published: October 2010

Most automated essay scoring programs use a linear regression model to predict an essay score from several essay features. This article applied a cumulative logit model instead of the linear regression model to automated essay scoring. Comparison of the performances of the linear regression model and the cumulative logit model was performed on a large variety of data sets. It appears that the cumulative logit model performed somewhat better than did the linear regression model.
Study of the Flux Density Variation In and Around the Planet Jupiter using 16" LX200GPS Schmidt-Cassegrain Telescope at the National Observatory, Nagarkot, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire NR , Shahi SR , Aryal B
Published: October 2010

We present a study of relative flux density in and around the planet Jupiter using images taken from National Observatory located at Nagarkot, Nepal during the period from November, 2008 and January, 2010. For this Meade 16 inch LX200GPS Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope is used. We processed the image in the software ALADIN2.5. The values of relative flux density of 2,50,000 pixels are used for the study. At first, the observed two-dimensional image of the planet is divided into four quadrants. Each quadrant is subdivided into three sections. We studied the variation of relative flux density along 12 directions. The relative flux density per pixel is found to lie in the range 138.17 to 157.36. The maximum value of relative flux density per pixel is found along the eastern direction and the minimum value is found along the northern direction. Thus the absorption feature is found to be prominent along the northern direction. The emission of less amount of flux from the second quadrant is due to the absorption by the materials in this section. In addition, the role of the inhomogeneous absorption by the on-going gravitational contraction in the planet cannot be identified. Due to the inhomogeneous absorption feature, we studied the outer contours of all sections. The values of total amount of flux per pixel in the outer layers of the first, second, third and fourth quadrants are found to be 81.79, 82.37, 82.44 and 82.49 respectively. Surprisingly, this value is found to be least in the first quadrant. This suggests that the outer part is found to be selective whereas the inner part is emissive. Key-words: Observation; Telescope; Jupiter; Flux density. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3838  Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.4-9
Estimation of Cosmological Constant of Nearby Spiral Galaxies using Rotation Curve
Authors: Bachhan RK , Aryal B , Khanal U
Published: October 2010

An expression for rotational velocity of a test particle around the central mass in the invariant plane is derived. For this, a line element of Schwarzschild de-Sitter space-time is used to study the effect of cosmological constant Λ) on the motion of both massive and mass-less particles in the Universe. This expression is fitted for the mass and Λ. For this, the total mass M is divided into the mass of the black hole MB and a uniform sphere of radius r dominated by dust (ρd) which is supposed to vary as [please see full text PDF for the formula]. Using rotation curve data of 6 nearby spiral and barred spiral galaxies, we estimated the value of Λ and the mass of the galaxy. The cosmological constant (Λ) is found to be positive for all 6 galaxies. The positive Λ reveals the importance of de Sitter space, suggesting accelerating Universe. The cosmological constant (Λ) and the density (ρo) are found to lie in the range 1.269 x 10-41 to 9.490 x 10-42 km-2, and 7.044 x 10-9 to 3.250 x 10-8 km-1, respectively. The mass MB is found in the range 1.867 x 107 to 1.730 x 1010 solar mass. Our result shows a good agreement with the results of supernova project which gives positive Λ value, suggesting accelerating Universe.Keywords: Galaxies formation; General astronomical databases.DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3840  Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.15-18
Production Optimization and Characterization of Bioactive Compound against Salmonella bacillus subtilis KBB Isolated from Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Dwij Raj , Kapadnis BP
Published: October 2010

The present study aimed to isolate bioactive Bacillus spp. against multidrug resistant Salmonella and many other gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Altogether five bioactive Bacillus were isolated from soil samples of Nepal and identified as Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus sp. and Bacillus cereus respectively by conventional techniques and DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In all five isolates, the isolate Bacillus subtillis KBB was most potent antagonist of multidrug resistant Salmonella as tested by agar disc diffusion method. The bioactive compound production was optimized and product was purified by TLC, and bioactive molecule was characterized UV, IR NMR and GCMS and identified as peptide compound. Key words: Bacillus; Bioactivity; Production optimization; Peptide compounds; One step solvent extraction; Antibacterial spectrum. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3841 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.19-29
Regular Associated Solution Model for the Estimation of Free Energy of Mixing of Binary Liquid Alloys
Authors: Adhikari D , Singh BP , Jha IS
Published: October 2010

We have found the equilibrium constants and pairwise interaction energies between the species and the complexes of liquid CuSn, AgAl, FeSi, CdNa and HgNa alloys on the basis of regular associated solution model. These parameters are then used to estimate the free energies of mixing of each alloy. The observed asymmetry in the free energy of mixing of each alloy with respect to concentration is well explained. Key Words: Free energy of mixing; Asymmetry; Binary alloys; Interaction energy. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3842 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.30-33
First Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Demeclocycline and Minocycline in Clinical Samples, Urine and Honey
Authors: Prasad A Raghavendra Guru , Rao V Suryanarayana
Published: October 2010

The authors present simple and rapid method for the first derivative spectrophotometric determination of demeclocycline (DMC) and minocycline (MNC). The linear calibration function is established in the concentration range 10 to 50 μg/ml for DMC and 10 to 60 μg/ml for MNC. The proposed method is also applied for their resolution in synthetic binary mixtures. The resolution is based on the first derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry with zero crossing measurement. The corresponding calibration function is linear in the rage 10 to 40 μg/ml for DMC and 10 to 50 μg/ml for MNC. The proposed methods are found to be selective, linear (R > 0.99), accurate (recovery = 98 to 104%) and precise (RSD < 1.1%) in the respective linear concentration ranges. The method is successfully applied for the analysis of these drugs in clinical samples, urine and honey without pretreatment. Keywords: Demeclocycline; Minocycline; First derivative; Resolution; Applications. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3843 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.34-38
Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Lime Juice against Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Jayana Bina Laxmi , Prasai Tista , Singh Anjana , Yami Kayo Devi
Published: October 2010

The antimicrobial effect of crude extract of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) was assayed against different bacterial species by agar well diffusion method. The highest inhibition zone of 28 mm was observed in Vibrio cholerae followed by Enterobacter species (9mm), Citrobacter species (8mm) and Escherichia coli (8mm). Shigella, Salmonella and Klebsiella species were found resistant. So the study was mainly focused on V. cholerae. Different concentrations of the crude extract such as 75%, 50%, 25% and 5% were tested to calculate the minimum amount that inhibits the bacteria which showed the zone of inhibition (ZOI) as 31mm, 24mm, 17mm and 9mm respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged from 6.25 mg/l to 50 mg/l. This result suggests that citrus fruit like limes are effective in preventing infection with Vibrio species. Key words: Agar well; Crude extract; Minimum bactericidal concentration; Zone of inhibition. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3847 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.44-46
Detection of Coccidian Parasites and their Clinical Manifestation, Treatment and Prophylaxis in HIV Infected Patients in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Basnet A , Sherchan BB , Rijal B , Sharma S , Khadga P
Published: October 2010

The objective was to know the prevalence of coccidian parasites, their clinical manifestation, treatment and prophylaxis in HIV infected patients in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal.A total of 300 stool samples from 128 (64.00%) HIV patient without previous history of treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART), 72 (36.00%) under ART treatment and 100 HIV seronegative control samples were collected and examined by wet mount, Kinyoun modified Ziehl Neelsen staining, Sheather's sucrose flotation and modified formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation methods.The coccidian parasites were detected in 22 (11.0%) of the 200 HIV infected patients, 18 (9.0%) without ART and 4 (2.0%) with ART undertaking patients. Those without ART had majority of 11 (8.5%) Cryptosporidium spp and those with ART had equal percentage of 2 (0.03%) Cryptosporidium spp and 2 (0.03%) Cyclospora spp. The prevalence of coccidian parasites was significantly higher in patients with diarrhea (20/22) than in those without diarrhea (2/22) (P value < 0.05). The drug therapy indices of the antibiotic, Cotrimoxazole given for 30 days in combination with ART for treatment and/or prophylaxis for opportunistic infections showed that long term treatment was needed for the clearance of coccidian parasites. Among 8 Cyclospora identified, 7.6% cleared from stool anlaysis after 30th days of treatment likewise 15.3% of Cryptosporidium cleared after 45th days of treatment.In conclusion, Cryptosporidium followed by Cyclospora appeared to be the predominant coccidian parasite associated with diarrhea among HIV patients. Clinicians are requested to query for coccidian parasites to evaluate diarrhea in HIV patients. Cotrimoxazole is the drug of choice in curing coccidian parasites. So, it should be given along with ART as a treatment and/ or prophylaxis that act against both opportunistic infections as well as coccidian parasites. However its side effects should be evaluated for its long term prophylaxis. Key words: AIDS; Coccidian; Diarrhea; HIV; ART; OIs. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3849 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.51-55
Application of Home Made Ag2S Electrode in Alkaline Media
Authors: Rajbhandari A , Yadav AP , Pradhananga RR , Manandhar K , Durante C , Gennarro A , Favaro G
Published: October 2010

Home made silver sulphide ion selective electrode was prepared and applied for argentometric titration in alkaline media for the determination of thiamine hydrochloride.The amount of thiamine hydrochloride estimated from titration of ionisable chloride with silver nitrate was found to be 637 mg/g of the vitamin B1 tablet. This result is in agreement with the value obtained from ion chromatographic (IC) and cyclic voltammetric (CV) techniques. In presence of chloride from other sources, these techniques fail, but thiamine in pharmaceutical preparation, however, can be determined by potentiometric titration in highly alkaline medium using silver- sulphide membrane electrode with silver nitrate solution at which there is no interference due to the presence of chloride from other sources. The results showed that home made silver- sulphide electrode can be used as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric determination of thiamine in pharmaceutical preparation. Keywords: Silver sulphide electrode; Potentiometric titration; Thiamine; Vitamin B1. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3853 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.69-72
Allelopathic Effects of Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson on Seed Germination and Seedlings Growth of Paddy and Barnyard Grass
Authors: Suwal Meena Maiya , Devkota Anjana , Lekhak HD
Published: October 2010

Viable seeds of paddy and barnyard grass in different concentrations of aqueous extracts ( 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 %) of leaf, stem and root of Chromolaena odorata were germinated at room temperatures. The leaf extract had strong inhibitory effect on seed germination as well as linear growth of paddy and barnyard grass. The order of inhibition was leaf >stem >root on both tested seeds. Allelopathic effect increased with increased concentration of the extracts. Key Words: Allelopathy; Paddy; Barnyard grass; Aqueous extract; Root length; Shoot length. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3854 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.73-75
Corrosion Monitoring of Galvanized Steel in Simulated Wet-Dry Cyclic Condition in 0.05 M NaCl Solution
Authors: Yadav AP
Published: October 2010

The corrosion monitoring of galvanized steel in 1 h wet and 7 h dry cyclic condition in 0.05 M NaCl has been carried out using AC impedance technique. During the wet-dry cycles, the polarization resistance, Rp, and solution resistance, Rs, were continuously monitored. The instantaneous corrosion rate of the coating was estimated from the obtained Rp-1 and time of wetness (TOW) was determined from the Rs values. The corrosion potential, Ecorr, was measured twice a day during the immersion period of wet-dry cycle. The corrosion was accelerated by the wet-dry cycles in the early stage followed by a decrease in the final stage of wet-dry cycle. The corrosion potential shifted to more negative direction for the first 8 cycles due to dissolution of air formed oxide. A gradual shift in the corrosion potential with the progress of corrosion in the later stage of the wet-dry cycle was observed due to deposition of corrosion products. The corrosion mechanism of galvanized steel is discussed based on the results of corrosion monitoring and corrosion potential variation. Key words: Atmospheric corrosion; Galvanized steel; AC Impedance; Corrosion rate. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3855 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.76-80
Chiral Property of Field Galaxies Around the Local Supercluster
Authors: Aryal Binil
Published: October 2010

We present an analysis of the winding sense of 1,621 field galaxies having radial velocity 3 000 km/s to 5,000 km/s. The arm patterns (S and Z-shaped, i.e., chiral property) of the spirals are visually studied. In order to classify the structural modes of spirals, we assume a random direction of the rotation of galaxies. Anisotropy in the chiral symmetry and the preferred alignment of galaxies is studied using chi-square, auto-correlation and the Fourier tests. We noticed a good agreement between the random alignment of the position angle (PA) distribution and the existence of chirality in both the leading and trailing modes. Chirality is found stronger for the late- type spirals (Sc, Scd, Sd and Sm) than that of the early types (Sa, Sab, Sb and Sbc). A significant dominance (17% & 8.5%) of trailing modes is noticed in the barred spirals. In addition, chirality of field galaxies is found to remain invariant under the global expansion. A random alignment is noticed in the PA-distribution of leading and trailing mode spirals. Key Words: Spiral galaxies; Hubble sequence; Chirality; Clusters: individual (Local Supercluster). DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3856 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.81-90
Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties of Doscorea pentaphylla from Mid Western Ghats, India
Authors: Prakash G , Hosetti BB
Published: October 2010

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of crude extracts of medicinally important and traditionally used yam plant Dioscorea pentaphylla from mid Western Ghats was evaluated against 27 bacterial and 5 fungal clinical strains collected of the patients from infectious sources. The clinical strains belonging to their respective species showed concentration dependent susceptibility towards crude petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and methanol extract at 100ìg/100ìL. All the extracts exhibited predominant antibacterial activity against S. aureus (ATCC-20852), P. aeruginosa (ATCC-29737) and K. pneumoniae (MTCC-618) respectively. and five clinically isolated pathogenic fungi, T. rubrum, M. gypseum, T. tonsurans, M. audouini, and C. albicans with antibacterial drug Ciprofloxacin and antifungal drug Fluconozole (50ìg/100ìL) as the standard drug. Out of three extracts, ethanol extracts possessed better minimum inhibition concentration against all the bacterial strains. All the three extracts showed significant result against all the five fungal pathogen strains. The results are promising and supported the traditional use of D. Pentaphylla for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. Keywords : Antifungal; Antibacterial; Crude extracts Dioscorea pentaphylla; MIC and Traditional medicine. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3857 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.91-96
Cardiac standstill for cerebral aneurysms in 103 patients: an update on the experience at the Barrow Neurological Institute
Authors: Ponce Francisco A. , Spetzler Robert F. , Han Patrick P. , Wait Scott D. , Killory Brendan D. , Nakaji Peter , Zabramski Joseph M.
Published: October 2010

Object

The aim of this study was to clarify the surgical indications, risks, and long-term clinical outcomes associated with the use of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest for the surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed 105 deep hypothermic circulatory arrest procedures performed in 103 patients (64 females and 39 males, with a mean age of 44.8 years) to treat 104 separate aneurysms. Patients' clinical histories, radiographs, and operative reports were evaluated. There were 97 posterior circulation aneurysms: at the basilar apex in 60 patients, midbasilar artery in 21, vertebrobasilar junction in 11, superior cerebellar artery in 4, and posterior cerebral artery in 1. Seven patients harbored anterior circulation aneurysms. Two additional patients harbored nonaneurysmal lesions.

Results

Perioperatively, 14 patients (14%) died. Five patients (5%) were lost to late follow-up. At a mean long-term follow-up of 9.7 years, 65 patients (63%) had the same or a better status after surgical intervention, 10 (10%) were worse, and 9 (9%) had died. There were 19 cases (18%) of permanent or severe complications. The combined rate of permanent treatment-related morbidity and mortality was 32%. The mean late follow-up Glasgow Outcome Scale score was 4, and the annual hemorrhage rate after microsurgical clipping during cardiac standstill was 0.5%/year. Ninety-two percent of patients required no further treatment of their aneurysm at the long-term follow-up.

Conclusions

Cardiac standstill remains an important treatment option for a small subset of complex and giant posterior circulation aneurysms. Compared with the natural history of the disease, the risk associated with this procedure is acceptable.
Progressive aneurysm development following hemodynamic insult
Authors: Meng Hui , Metaxa Eleni , Gao Ling , Liaw Nicholas , Natarajan Sabareesh K. , Swartz Daniel D. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Kolega John , Mocco J
Published: October 2010

Object

Hemodynamic insult has been speculated to be a key factor in intracranial aneurysm formation; however, it is unclear whether a sustained insult is necessary. The authors examined whether aneurysmal degradation would continue despite the normalization of wall shear stress (WSS) by adaptive outward vascular remodeling.

Methods

Twenty-five rabbits underwent either sham operation (5 animals) or bilateral common carotid artery ligation (20 animals) to augment basilar artery (BA) flow. Basilar termini (BTs) were harvested at 5 days and 3, 12, and 27 weeks postoperation. Histological changes at the BTs were quantified using an aneurysm development score (ADS) wherein the luminal length of the vessel wall exhibiting internal elastic lamina (IEL) loss, media thinning (> 30% media loss), and bulging was multiplied by the percentage of media thinning divided by the BA diameter. This score and its component variables were evaluated over the specified time points and compared with the WSS time course obtained from multiple angiography and BA flow velocity measurements.

Results

Serial examination of histological sections from the ligation group (17 rabbits survived the procedure) demonstrated localized, progressive, degenerative, and aneurysmal changes at the BTs. Prominent IEL loss was observed in BT specimens from all ligated animals. Media thinning and luminal bulging significantly progressed over the 27-week follow-up. The composite ADS significantly increased over the study period, indicating progressive aneurysm development, although the WSS returned to preligation baseline values within 5 weeks of ligation.

Conclusions

Hemodynamic insult can elicit a pathological vascular response leading to a self-sustaining aneurysmal remodeling that does not require persistence of the original inciting factor to continue its pathological progression.
Natural course of intracranial arterial dissections
Authors: Mizutani Tohru
Published: October 2010

Object

Noninvasive neuroimaging techniques are increasingly identifying unruptured intracranial arterial dissections (IADs) at examination for headache or ischemic symptoms. Approximately 3% of cases of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are caused by IADs in Japan, but the natural history of unruptured IADs is not known.

Methods

Clinical data obtained in 190 patients with 206 IADs were retrospectively analyzed on the basis of long-time follow-up of geometry and clinical event. The IADs were divided into an unruptured group and SAH group depending on the patient's clinical status at the initial diagnosis. Day 0 was defined as the day preceding diagnosis of IAD—that is, the day of symptom onset. This was retrospectively determined from the clinical history.

Results

The 206 IADs included 98 unruptured lesions and 108 SAH. In both groups, the vertebral artery was the most frequent site. In the unruptured group, 93 IADs were followed for a mean of 3.44 years. The mean interval between symptom onset (Day 0) and neuroimaging diagnosis was 9.8 days. Subsequent geometry change was seen in 78 (83.9%) of 93 IADs. Major change was almost completed within 2 months, and complete normalization was seen on neuroimaging in 17 (18.3%) of 93 IADs, with the earliest on Day 15. Rupture of the IAD in the unruptured group occurred in only 1 patient on Day 11.

In the SAH group, 84 of the 108 patients complained of preceding headache before onset of SAH. In 81 (96.4%) of the 84 patients, SAH occurred on Day 0–3 with the latest on Day 11. In all patients in the unruptured and SAH groups, the latest day of SAH from the onset of preceding headache was Day 11.

Conclusions

Most IADs causing SAH bleed within a few days of occurrence. Most IADs that are unruptured already have little risk for bleeding at diagnosis because of the repair process. Intracranial arterial dissections may be much more common than previously thought, and the majority may occur and heal without symptom manifestation.
Gamma Knife surgery for subependymal giant cell astrocytomas
Authors: Park Kyung-Jae , Kano Hideyuki , Kondziolka Douglas , Niranjan Ajay , Flickinger John C. , Lunsford L. Dade
Published: October 2010

Object

The authors report their experience of using Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) in patients with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA).

Methods

Over a 20-year period, the authors identified 6 patients with SEGAs who were eligible for GKS. The median patient age was 16.5 years (range 7–55 years). In 4 patients, GKS was used as a primary management therapy. One patient underwent radiosurgery for recurrent tumors after prior resection, and in 1 patient GKS was used as an adjunct after subtotal resection. The median tumor volume at GKS was 2.75 cm3 (range 0.7–5.9 cm3). A median radiation dose of 14 Gy (range 11–20 Gy) was delivered to the tumor margin.

Results

The median follow-up duration was 73 months (range 42–90 months). Overall local tumor control was achieved in 4 tumors (67%) with progression-free periods of 24, 42, 57, and 66 months. Three tumors regressed and one remained unchanged. In 2 patients the tumors progressed, and in 1 of these patients the lesion was managed by repeated GKS with subsequent tumor regression. The other relatively large tumor (5.9 cm3) was excised 9 months after GKS. The progression-free period for all GKS-managed tumors varied from 9 to 66 months. There were no cases of hydrocephalus or GKS-related morbidity.

Conclusions

Gamma Knife surgery may be an additional minimally invasive management option for SEGA in a patient who harbors a small but progressively enlarging tumor when complete resection is not safely achievable. It may also benefit patients with a residual or recurrent tumor that has progressed after surgery.
Editorial Vol.24(1) 2009
Authors: Begum Firoza
Published: October 2010

DOI:Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(1) : 1
Serum Ferritin Level in Preterm Labour
Authors: Siddika Ayesha , Nasrin Begum , Shamim Shayela , Begum Nurjahan , Nahar N , Begum Sultana Razia
Published: October 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate causal association of serum ferritin with pre-term labour. Materials and Methods: This is a case-control study done on one hundred and twenty women from July 2005 to June 2007 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Mother and Child Health Training Institute (MCHTI), Azimpur, Dhaka. Cases (n=60) were singleton pregnant women starting preterm labour within 28-36 weeks of pregnancy and control (n=60) were singleton pregnant women of >37 weeks of gestation who were in lalour. In this case-control study pre-term labour patients were compared with controls regarding their serum ferritin level. Result: Mean ±SD serum ferritin level of control and in pre-term labour group of women were 37.01±26.84 μg/L was 210.37±67.20 μg/L respectively. The difference between two groups was statistically highly significant (<0.001) Key words: Preterm lalour; serum ferritin DOI: 10.3329/bjog.v24i1.6321 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(1) : 14-17
Facility and Community Based Maternal Death Review in Bangladesh
Authors: Khanam Rawshan Ara , Khan Mahbuba , Halim M Abdul , Begum Kohinoor , Jahan Sultana
Published: October 2010

Objective: This study was conducted to develop a system of maternal death review in hospital of each level and in the community with a system of giving feedback and to take corrective action from the central level to periphery.Methods: It was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Study area were - 2 medical college hospitals, 4 district hospitals, 4 Upazilla hospitals and 12 unions. Study period was January 2007 to November 2007. The number of maternal death has occurred in that selected sites during the survey period was the sample size. Maternal death review committee has been formed at each hospital. In addition, OGSB Technical committee and National Technical committee had also been formed. To collect the information about the deceased in detail a structured pre-tested quetionairre has been used. In the community - community skilled birth attendants were assigned for collecting the data. In hospitals assigned persons were doctors working in Obstetrics & Gynaecology departments.Result: During the project period 101 maternal deaths were reported. One mother brought dead. So, she was excluded from the study. Among others, 97 forms were filled properly. Almost all (95%) mothers were housewife, 55% were primi gravida, 90% woman died within 3 hours of admission, 77% were critically ill during admission. PIH is the major killer (40%), next is haemorrhage (38%).Conclusion: Maternal death review provided information about the situation of care provided at hospitals of different level. This uncovered the causes of maternal deaths and identified the laps and gaps in the health care system. DOI: 10.3329/bjog.v24i1.6322 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(1) : 18-21
Incidental Diagnosis of Ovarian Mucinous Cyst Adenocarcinoma during Emergency Caesarean Section - A Case Report
Authors: Sultana Salma
Published: October 2010

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma contribute about 10 to 20 % of epithelial carcinoma ovaries. A large Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma about 15kg weight and about 25cm×15cm×10cm size was found during emergency caesarean section due to obstructed labor in a primi gravida with term pregnancy. Right sided salpingo-ovariotomy with the mass was done. Per-operative no evidence of metastasis, other ovary was healthy. Histopathological report confirmed the diagnosis of well differentiated mucinous cystadenocarcinoma .The patient was referred to the National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka. She was treated with 3 cycles chemotherapy (Inj.paclotaxel 250mg. 01+Inj.carboplatin 450mg×02 for 4 days 1st week, 3 days 2nd week, 2 days 3rd week). 3 months later, the patient was treated in Christian Medical College Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, where interval debulking (total abdominal hysterectomy, left sided salpingo-oophorectomy with infra colic omentectomy) was done and another same 3 cycles chemotherapy was given. Further follow up in the same institute in India after 6 months revealed no abnormalities (C.T scan of the abdomen and pelvis -no evidence of intra abdominal adenopathy). Now the patient is symptom free for about two years (Last visit 3 months back). Key words: Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma; caesarean section; primi gravida; salpingooophorectomy; chemotherapy. DOI: 10.3329/bjog.v24i1.6325 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(1) 32-35
Abstracts: Vol.24(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: October 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjog.v24i1.6326Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(1) 36-38
Society News Vol.24(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: October 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjog.v24i1.6327 Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2009; Vol. 24(1) 39-40
Editorial Rheumatological Disorders in Diabetes mellitus: The Neglected Aspects
Authors: Azad KAK
Published: October 2010

DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i1.6296 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(1): 1-2
Effect of Captopril on Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats
Authors: Rahman MH , Hossain MZ , Rahman MA , Khan MI
Published: October 2010

The present study was performed to investigate the nephroprotective effects of captopril in experimentally induced nephrotoxicity in rats. To demonstrate this effect, serum level of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) was chosen. Histological examination of kidney was also performed. For the purpose of the study 35 long Ivan rats were taken divided into five groups(G-A,G-B,G-C,G-D and G-E)comprising 7 rats each. Group A received .75ml distilled water subcutaneously in addition to normal diet, and served as control . Group B was treated with gentamicin 125mg/kg subcutaneously for 9 days and served as experimental group. Group C,D and E were designed to demonstrate the nephroprotective effect. In this part of experiment, group C was treated with only gentamicin 125mg/kg subcutaneously for 9 days and served as control. Group D and group E were treated with captopril 9mg/kg and 11mg/kg orally respectively, in addition to gentamicin. Mean serum creatinine and BUN level raised highly significantly in group B in comparison to group A after 9 days treatment with gentamicin. Histological findings showed a number of necrosed proximal convoluted tubules in group B whereas normal architecture is preserved in group A. Co administration of captopril prevented significantly gentamicin induced increase serum creatinine and BUN. Though histological findings did not correlate with biochemical findings and there are significant numbers of necrosed proximal convoluted tubules. From the result and observations of the present study and their comparison with the works of other researchers, it may be concluded that captopril is beneficial in protecting gentamicin induced nephropathy. Thus, it could be useful in nephrotoxic conditions, such as hypertension with acute glomerulonephritis, acute renal failure and chronic renal failure. But before establishing captopril as a therapeutically effective nephroprotective agent further studies should be carried out to determine the nephroprotective effect and its cellular mechanism as well as any clinical trial for suitability of using in man. Key Words: Captopril; Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i1.6297 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(1) : 3-7
Role of Magnatic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in the Pre-Operative Diagnosis of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Kamal F , Quddus MA , Hossain A , Rahman MM , Sarkar RN , Nabi S , Ahmed S , Chowdhury N , Rahman K
Published: October 2010

Objectives: To diagnose lumbar disc herniation by MRI, to compare the MRI findings with peroperative findings and to elucidate validity of MRI in pre-operative diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. Methodology:The study was done between January 2008 to March 2009 with 40 patients (28 male and 12 female) who were clinically suspected as cases of lumbar disc herniation and was referred for MRI of Lumbo-sacral spine to the Radiology and Imaging department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Detail history, clinical examination and MRI of lumbo-sacral spine were performed in all cases and the Patients were followed up during the surgery. The peroperative findings were then correlated with MRI findings and for the validity of the study outcome, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of MRI in the diagnosis of Lumbar disc herniation were calculated. Results: In this study 21(52.5%) cases were found in 3rd decade, 17(42.5%) cases in the 4th decade and 2 (5.0%) cases in 5th decade. Male female ratio of lumbar disc herniation is 2.33:1 (28:12). 60% of the study subjects were stressful and that of 40% was sedentary. Lumber disc herniation was mostly seen at L4-5 level (57.5%) and L5-S1 level (25%). MRI was 94.28% sensitive, 60% specific and showed an accuracy of 90%. Conclusion: This study established the use of MRI as the radiological investigation for detection of lumbar disc herniation. The procedure is safe and cost effective. Key words: Lumbar Disc Herniation; Magnatic Resonance Imaging (MRI). DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i1.6298 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(1) : 8-14
Study of Serum Uric Acid in Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Parvin S , Hoque MM , Sultana N , Chowdhury NS , Chowdhury SS , Akhter S , Naoshin Z
Published: October 2010

A case control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU from January to December 2007 to evaluate the association of uric acid with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in a Bangladeshi population. A total number of 135 subjects of both sexes were grouped as group-I (CVD cases) and group-II (Healthy controls). Group-I include 85 cases, 59 were ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) and 26 were haemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease (HCVD). By taking the history and doing the clinical examination and laboratory investigations diabetes mellitus, malignant disease, renal disease, thyroid disorder, liver disease & diuretic medication were excluded from study subjects. Serum uric acid was measured in all study subjects. The mean serum uric acid concentration of CVD, ICVD, HCVD cases and control subjects were 5.98±1.52 mg/dl, 6.04±1.45 mg/dl, 5.85±1.68 mg/dl & 5.00±1.35 mg/dl respectively. Serum uric acid found significantly increased in CVD, ICVD and HCVD cases in comparison to control subjects. No difference was found in serum uric acid in between ICVD and HCVD cases. Key words: Uric acid; cerebrovascular disease; ischemic cerebrovascular disease; haemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i1.6299 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(1) : 15-19
Incidence, Causes and Management of Retained Placenta of Admitted Cases in In-Patient Department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Das SR , Sultana N , Akhter S , Khan F , Wazed F
Published: October 2010

Retained placenta is a condition in which the placenta is retained for more than half-an hour after the birth of a child. It accounts for 5-10% of all postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). The present study was conducted to find out the incidence, causes and management of retained placenta of admitted cases in In-Patient Department (IPD) of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka during the period from June 01 to December 31, 2003. 163 patients were included in the study who presented with retained placenta and developed retained placenta in IPD who had undergone vaginal delivery, with pregnancy equal to or more than 28 weeks both stillbirths and live-births, both singleton and multiple pregnancy. The incidence of retained placenta was found 3.54% of total admissions. Retained placenta developed in 1.53% cases among 1,506 vaginal deliveries in this hospital during this period. The mean age of the respondents was 27.19±1.54 and most of the patients were aged between 21 to 30 years, multipara, illiterate and from low income group and poor socio-economic status. Among them 81.60% had home delivery, 64.42% delivered between 37 to 40 weeks of pregnancy. Majority of the patients i.e. 61.96% reached the hospital within 2 to 6 hours of development of retained placenta and 49.07% had shock with PPH. About 23.92% respondents had predisposing factors like D & C, manual removal of RP and caesarean section. A considerable percentage (19.63%) had history of MR. About 96.93% respondents required manual removal of retained placenta. 124 (76.07%) received blood transfusion ranging from 1 to 13 units of blood. The causes of retained placenta were uterine inertia (38.65%), morbid adhesion (52.76%) and less expulsive efforts of the patients (7.98%). Placenta accreta was the major (96.51%) cause of morbid adhesion. The range of hospital stay was between 6 to 15 days. Of the total retained placenta cases, 98.77% patients improved and 1.23% patients died of irreversible shock due to PPH. Key words: Retained Placenta; Caesarean Section. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i1.6300 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(1) : 20-24
Menstrual Regulation: An Alternate for Induced Abortion
Authors: Khanom R , Akter S , Nur J , Khatun K
Published: October 2010

Objective: To assess the reason for seeking menstrual regulation among 500 clients, in 2 different hospitals. Methods: This was a descriptive type of cross sectional study during the period of July, 2007 to January2008. The study was carried out in the Menstrual Regulation and Training Service Program (MRTSP) centre of Dhaka medical college hospital and Mymensingh Medical College Hospital. Total 500 patients irrespective of age, occupation, family status, religion who came for MR in the MRTSP centre in DMCH & MMCH were included in the study. Results: Regarding the place of residence, it was found that of the total 500 respondents 64.6% came from the urban area and rest from the rural area. The mean age of the respondents was 28.58yrs with 6.42 mean age of the husbands were 37.04yrs 6.42. Investigating the reasons for seeking MR, it was found that 74.4% reported that they had adopted MR because they did not want any more children. Key words: Menstrual regulation; induced abortion; morbidity; mortality. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i1.6301 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(1) : 25-27
Large Group Teaching in the Medical Colleges of Dhaka City
Authors: Mohammad S , Muazzam N , Hanif A , Talukder HK , Hossain MZ , Nahar N
Published: October 2010

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted with the objective to study quality of current practices of large group teaching in selected medical colleges. This study was conducted at different government and non government medical colleges in the year 2007 adopting the convenient sampling using a checklist filled up by participatory observation at 36 lecture classes. The study revealed that the characteristics of the effective lecture are not strictly maintained in the present lecture classes in the medical colleges. Although due to time constraint the study was conducted at limited measure. The study reveals that more than thirty percent of the teachers did not attend any teaching methodology course. The medical colleges are lack in instructional media. More than twenty-seven percent teachers did not mention objectives at the beginning of the lecture. During informal interview some teachers expressed that mentioning objectives at the beginning is wastage of time. Some teacher's expressed that these methodologies of western culture do not fit in the context of Bangladesh due to limited resources, shortage of manpower and over crowding of students. More than eleven percent teachers did not use any visual aid and more than half of the teachers used visual that could not be read from the last bench. Fifty percent of the aid medical teachers do not summarize their lecture at the end. In seventeen percent lecture classes, the students only opened their mouth to respond to the attendance call. The study recommended that all the medical teachers should attend the teaching methodology course as a must. There should be regular visit to the medical colleges lecture galleries informally by authority concerned to ensure the required facilities of lecture classes. Students' evaluation, lecturers' self-rating may really trigger the teachers to identify their deficiencies, and can make real difference. Institute should ensure that teachers are given the support necessary for them to function effectively. Essential audiovisual support should be provided to the teachers for effective delivery of lecture. Key words: Large group teaching; medical college. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v18i1.6302 J Dhaka Med Coll. 2009; 18(1) : 28-32