bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managerial feedback, organizational values and service quality
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: July 2002

This research examined relationships between levels of job‐related managerial feedback, developmental climate, cultural values, job satisfaction and quality of service and products provided to clients. Data were collected from 999 managers and professional field staff employed by a large professional services firm using anonymous questionnaires. LISREL analysis indicated considerable support for a proposed research model. Levels of both partner and manager feedback had direct effects on perceived quality of services and products provided by the firm through both developmental climate and cultural values. Presence of a developmental climate had direct effects on cultural values, job satisfaction and quality of products and services.
Numerical solutions of the Navier‐Stokes and energy equations for laminar incompressible flow past parabolic bodies
Authors: Haddad O.M. , Abu‐Qudais M. , Maqableh A.M.
Published: July 2002

Numerical solutions are presented for steady two‐dimensional symmetric flow past parabolic bodies in a uniform stream parallel to its axis. For this study, the full Navier‐Stokes equations and energy equation in parabolic coordinates were solved. A second order accurate finite difference scheme on a non‐uniform grid was used. The solution domain does not exclude the leading edge region as it is usually done with boundary layer flows. A wide range of Reynolds number (Re) is studied for different values of Prandtl number (Pr). It is found that the average Nusselt number (Nu) increases as (Pr) increases meanwhile, (Nu) decreases with the increase in (Re).
Global numerical prediction of bursting frequency in turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Liou William W. , Fang Yichuan , Baty Roy S.
Published: July 2002

The frequencies of the bursting events associated with the streamwise coherent structures of spatially developing incompressible turbulent boundary layers were predicted. The structures were modeled as wavelike disturbances associated with the turbulent mean flow using a direct‐resonance theory. Global numerical solutions for the resonant eigenmodes of the Orr‐Sommerfeld and the vertical vorticity equations were developed. The global method involves the use of second and fourth order accurate finite difference formulae for the differential equations as well as the boundary conditions. The predicted resonance frequencies were found to agree very well with previous results using a local shooting technique and measured data.
A semi‐implicit scheme for the barotropic primitive equations of atmospheric dynamics
Authors: Bonaventura L. , Casulli V.
Published: July 2002

The primitive equations of a barotropic atmosphere in isobaric co‐ordinates are reformulated, in order to express the geopotential gradient as a function of the pressure at the Earth’s surface. Furthermore, the free surface equation is written in conservative form. A finite difference, semi‐implicit, semi‐Lagrangian scheme in isobaric co‐ordinates is developed. The numerical scheme is mass conservative, is proven to be stable and requires the solution of a single five‐diagonal system. Numerical simulations show that the model captures the main dynamical features of large scale atmospheric motion.
Nonsimilar solutions for free convection from a nonisothermal vertical plate in a micropolar fluid
Authors: Hassanien I.A. , Subba Reddy Gorla Rama
Published: July 2002

A nonsimilar boundary layer analysis is presented for the problem of natural convection in micropolar fluids along a nonisothermal vertical plate. The transformed governing laws are solved numerically using a finite difference method. Numerical results are presented for the details of the velocity and temperature fields for a range of values of material properties of the fluid.
Free convection in vertical eccentric annuli with a uniformly heated boundary
Authors: El‐Shaarawi Maged A.I. , Mokheimer Esmail M. A.
Published: July 2002

The paper utilizes a boundary‐layer model in bipolar coordinates to study the developing laminar free convection in vertical open‐ended eccentric annuli with one of the boundaries uniformly heated while the other boundary is cooled and kept isothermal at the ambient temperature. This model has been solved numerically using finite‐difference techniques. Results not available in the literature are presented for a fluid of Prandtl number 0.7 in an annulus of radius ratio 0.5 for three values of the dimensionless eccentricity, namely, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.7. These results include the developing velocity profiles and the pressure along the annulus, the channel heights required to naturally induce different flow rates and the variation of the total heat absorbed by the fluid with the channel height.
ADM‐WENO scheme and its application in compressible mixing flows
Authors: Li Haidong , Kong Chan Weng
Published: July 2002

High order schemes, which are widely used in DNS and LES, received increasing attention in recent years with a number of variants being developed. However most of these schemes have difficulties in achieving high order accuracy near the boundary points. In order to solve this problem, the analytical discrete method (ADM) is proposed and presented in this paper. In addition, this method is convenient to construct the higher order WENO (weighted essentially non‐oscillatory) scheme. Application of the ADM‐WENO scheme to shock‐tube problems and compressible mixing flows has shown it is robust and accurate in both shock‐capturing and complex flow structures detection.
Natural convection of thermomicropolar fluid from an isothermal surface inclined at a small angle to the horizontal
Authors: Hossain M.A. , Chowdhury M.K. , Subba Reddy Gorla Rama
Published: July 2002

An analysis is performed to study the skin‐friction, the couple‐stress and heat transfer characteristics of a laminar free‐convection boundary layer flow of a micropolar fluid past an isothermal plate inclined at a small angle to the horizontal. When the inclination is positive, series solutions, one valid near the leading edge and the other at a large distance from it, are obtained. Introducing a strained coordinate transformation, the local nonsimilar boundary layer equations are also derived for the flow from the leading edge to downstream, solutions of which are obtained by using an implicit finite difference method. When the inclination is negative, the boundary layer separates. The effects of the material parameters on the skin‐friction, the local couple‐stress, the local Nusselt number and the point of separation for a negatively inclined plate have been investigated.
Preparing business graduates for the “real” world – the role of the university
Authors: McKeen Carol A. , Bujaki Merridee L. , Burke Ronald J.
Published: July 2002

Female and male business school graduates (N = 355) assessed the importance of 20 university‐based initiatives designed to address the chilly climate for women students and to incorporate gender and diversity issues into the business school curriculum. Women and men rated the importance of two initiatives as equally important; women saw all other initiatives as significantly more important than men. Changes in the importance of 12 initiatives between 1989 and 1994 was also assessed for a subset of 133 women respondents. Six initiatives remained equally important over time; five increased in importance over time; only one decreased in importance.
Case report: An identification of a burn victim by utilizing recent dental extraction healing sites
Authors: Goodman Norman R.
Published: July 2002

In the following case, the identification of a burn victim was aided by examination of the soft tissue areas on the alveolar surfaces, the sites of recent dental extractions and the evaluation of the degree of healing of these extraction sites. A review of the ante‐mortem radiographs and dental records of a suspected person who might be the burn victim revealed a history of recent extractions at the sites noted on the burn victim. This information in addition to the routine odontologic forensic landmarks aided in concluding a positive identification of the burn victim.
Education and training of the future librarian in Ghana
Authors: Alemna A.A.
Published: July 2002

Argues that a sound library education is of paramount importance to the image and prestige of the library profession. Although in the past, a number of training programmes have been organised for librarians in Ghana, argues that present‐day job expectations require a new look at the training and education of the future librarian in Ghana. Various proposals are made in this vein.
Interpreting the adoption and use of EDI in the Portuguese clothing and textile industry
Authors: Dhillon Gurpreet , Caldeira Mário
Published: July 2002

The aim of this paper is to develop an understanding of the adoption and use of EDI in the Portuguese clothing and textile industry. The inherent argument is that although such inter‐organizational systems in small and medium‐sized enterprises facilitate competitiveness through collaboration, the successful deployment of such systems is not solely a function of transaction costs and the resource base of an organization, as has been argued in the literature. In fact the values and attitudes of senior management play a critical role in the adoption of inter‐organizational systems. Various issues are analyzed by critically reviewing the literature, which has traditionally focused either on reducing transaction costs or managing the resource base. The argument of this paper is conducted by evaluating managers’ beliefs and attitudes towards the use of EDI within the Portuguese clothing and textile industry.
Is your infrastructure ticking?
Authors: Best Jim , May Thornton
Published: July 2002

Discusses the issues associated with managing information technology (IT) infrastructure in large organizations. Presents a definition of IT infrastructure. Uses the hands‐on experiences of an IT practitioner to present lessons learned and management advice. Presents a six‐step model for effective infrastructure management.
Library networks for distance education
Authors: Sacchanand Chutima
Published: July 2002

This article presents a brief background on Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University and the University’s library and educational media services, particularly library networks such as STOULINET, THAILINET and THAISARN‐Internet which were developed to provide better services for the benefit of its users.
The use of CD‐ROM in Hong Kong academic library acquisitions procedures
Authors: Chi Yan Wong , Gorman G.E.
Published: July 2002

Six of Hong Kong’s seven major academic libraries participated in a recent survey of the use of CD‐ROM products in their acquisitions sections. While CD‐ROM technology was found to be one of the main utilities used in acquisitions, it was evident that not all available functions were fully utilised by acquisitions staff. The project focused on the following issues: the most widely used CD‐ROM products, preferred applications, searching techniques employed, preferred attributes, and desired future developments in CD‐ROM capabilities. This is a companion paper to “The use of CD‐ROM in Australian academic library acquisitions procedures”, also published in Asian Libraries.
Establishing the National Bibliographic Information Network (NBINet) in Taiwan
Authors: Emily Yang Chih‐Ching
Published: July 2002

The National Bibliographic Information Network (NBINet) in Taiwan is a bibliographic database established on 30 October 1991 and maintained by the National Central Library. In 1998 there were 26 member libraries and 70 non‐member libraries in NBINet, which is considered a comprehensive database for Chinese studies worldwide and contains more than 1.6 million bibliographic records. This paper discusses the problems encountered in the establishment of NBINet and the solutions related to computers and networks, NBINet’s utilization on the Internet, and user expectations of NBINet.
The classroom gets re‐engineered when reforming engineering education
Authors: Downey Mike L.
Published: July 2002

Details how the Dwight Look College of Engineering at Texas A&M University fundamentally changed the way engineering is taught, by completely remodelling its classrooms and wiring them up to accommodate the use of laptop computers, printers, video and audio in the active teaching/learning process.
CNAV ‐ helping Gettysburg College get the information it needs
Authors: Sanchez Katharine
Published: July 2002

Gettysburg College in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, has created a software package to help students, faculty and staff get the campus information they need. The College Navigation (CNAV) project tailors what the individual sees and has access to based on the individual’s role on campus. The system is secure and information available can be controlled by the appropriate people. Students can access information on other students, courses, events, faculty and much more. Faculty can also access student information, and can see and monitor advisees’ academic data. Web pages can be linked to CNAV so that additional descriptions and other pertinent information can be made available. CNAV comprises an Oracle database, a modified search engine and cgi scripts.0
“Garbage can decision making” in a “structured anarchy” for your CWIS. Could you translate that for me please?
Authors: Hayes Sherman L. , McGee Patricia B.
Published: July 2002

It is important to understand the organizational structures and decision making processes in the university and their relationship to the CWIS. This article describes, reviews and summarizes March and Cohens’ theories on the university as a structured anarchy. It also raises a list of questions that CWISs struggle with regularly which may be best answered by this theory. A second part of the article describes the companion theory of garbage can decision making proposed by March, Cohen and Olsen. Besides proposing the decision making model, March and Cohen even offer tactics to use in a structured anarchy that can enhance chances of success. Although CWIS problems seem dominated by management of technical questions, the authors feel that the ability to understand the organizational model of an institution and to manage the decision making process may be equally important to success as technical expertise is.
Combining feedback and assessment via Web‐based homework
Authors: Hall Randall W. , Butler Leslie G. , Kestner Neil R. , Limbach Patrick A.
Published: July 2002

Multiple choice homework, including feedback on each incorrect answer, is administered over the Web using an in‐house program. The large enrollments in lower division courses hinder the use of homework without the aid of a computer for grading, recording, and reporting. The current system permits faculty to create assignments using only a word processor, which allows the facile inclusion of symbols, pictures, and other non‐textual information. This is particularly important in science classes, where such material is a major part of any assignment. The system includes security measures, and reports scores back to instructors in a form which can be easily included into a spreadsheet.
Confessions of a doubtful shaman
Authors: Murphy Timothy R.
Published: July 2002

While the research literature is full of glowing reports of amazing success stories, this article enlightens the troops in the trenches with a disaster the author encountered in 1997 trying to implement distance learning of two classes in technology. Though we all want to hear success stories, many times we learn more from failure. This personal narrative explores what went wrong and what can be learned from the mistakes of others in the field
The human side of campus computing
Authors: Connolly Frank W.
Published: July 2002

Discusses the effect that campus‐based systems have on institutional culture. Strategic planning and decisions regarding information technology (IT), one of the few things that touches every member and unit on campus, needs to consider how IT changes the very culture of the institution. Major changes impact not only those directly involved in its development and use, but non‐users as well.
Using an Internet‐based distance learning model to teach introductory finance
Authors: Garrison Sharon H. , Borgia Daniel J.
Published: July 2002

This paper focuses on the development of an Internet‐based distance learning model for teaching the introductory finance course in the Finance Department at Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU), America’s newest institution of higher education which opened in August 1997. An important component of the mission of FGCU is the incorporation of technology and the needs of the regional community into curriculum design. The department felt it was important to develop a separate Internet‐based course as an alternative to the traditional in‐class introductory finance course. In this Internet‐based course students are required to participate in a “boot camp” for the first few weeks, which covers only the most complex aspects of the course. After this initial period, the course is completely Web‐based in design. The Web page for this course, located at http://www.tmag.com/sgarrison/courses/fin3240d/index.html, contains a variety of pedagogical materials to help students learn and comprehend course content.
Integration of instructional approaches through media combination in an undergraduate information systems course
Authors: Passerini Katia , Granger Mary J.
Published: July 2002

Reviews instructional approaches based on the use of different media to provide examples of strategies and evaluation tools for media integration. Uses an introductory information systems undergraduate course taught at the George Washington University as an example.
The versatility of the PRISM SaveScreen facility and function keys
in training and analysis
Authors: Chang Sheau‐Hwang , Tu Shu‐Chen
Published: July 2002

The PRISM SaveScreen facility and function keys provide
alternatives in producing data for budget planning and PRISM search cost
estimation, and also facilitating PRISM search training. By combining
the SaveScreen function key with frequently used PRISM function keys
such as 〈SEND〉, 〈DISPLAY RECORD SEND〉,
〈FOR〉, and 〈BAC〉, the activities of a PRISM user can
be recorded and stored in a predefined data file for later analyses. For
example, from the results of the analyses, the usage levels of OCLC
workstations and the approximate monthly PRISM search cost of each
workstation were obtained. In addition, based on the recorded search
activities, a retraining in PRISM search can be planned. Certainly, by
familiarizing oneself with PRISM search commands and search structures,
a user can perform cost‐effective and efficient searches. Toward that
end, also presents methods of performing cost‐effective PRISM searches.
A prescriptive model for planning a national scientific and technical information network for Nigeria
Authors: Nkereuwem Edet E.
Published: July 2002

Argues that as the developed countries of the world that have embraced the electronic information revolution move ahead, most African countries, including Nigeria, are finding themselves increasingly isolated from the global Internet information system. Highlights the major factors inhibiting the utilization of scientific and technical information in the country and stresses that it is imperative to secure a means of keeping researchers abreast of developments in their fields for the purpose of advancing and diffusing knowledge. Recommends the establishment of a National Scientific and Technical Information Center to oversee the connection of Nigeria to the Internet. Describes the model for setting up such an institution.
OML and INNOPAC
Authors: Hahn Harvey E.
Published: July 2002

Although intended primarily for use with the OCLC cataloging subsystem, Passport for Windows (PFW) and OCLC Macro Language (OML) can be used with any telnet application, including the local library automated systems. On the Innovative system, the screen design and organization of the menuing system, unique identification of most screens and subscreens, and modular re‐use of subsystems make the writing of “macros” rather easy. However, other aspects such as timing issues related to telecommunications and screen synchronization are extremely challenging and often frustrating to work with. Undoubtedly, the use of OML macros with the Innovative system has saved considerable staff time and effort.
World Thai Expert Link: a proposal in progress
Authors: Edwards Terry , Kedseemake Siriluck
Published: July 2002

Proposes World Thai Expert Link (WorldTEL), to exploit new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), or telematics, as a main means of creating social groups and thus task‐oriented workgroups in terms of motivational advantage and in a context of the psychology of interpersonal relations in a new geography of virtual space. Introduces the concept of “diaspora” communications in terms of the widespread distribution of special interest groups (e.g. experts, managers), highlighting related corporate communication issues, while concentrating on the Thai Expert diaspora. Touches on the critical philosophical issues and introduces a new relativity of space arising from the idea that, already, ICTs can enable spaces to move and people stay.
Mozart versus Minsky: information bias on the Internet
Authors: Schwartz David G.
Published: July 2002

Notes that until the advent of the Internet, major libraries and text repositories were considered by all as bastions of information, but the Internet has opened up a treasure‐trove of information for researchers and seekers of knowledge throughout the world. It has become common practice by researchers of all kinds to turn to the Internet as a convenient source of information. Asks how effectively does the Internet really present these researchers with a representative picture of the state of human knowledge? Identifies the potential misuse of the Internet as a source of biased information. Defines biased information as information not representative of the state of human knowledge. In order to provide a basis for comparison, begins by defining the concept of a representative subset, which is used as a basis for comparing the nature of different information resources. This is followed by a presentation of the use of the knowledge‐comparison function in evaluating different information resources. Then discusses the significance of information equivalence in the information age as a basis for setting concrete goals for Internet research policy. Concludes by presenting a number of courses of action including a description of X‐DEX, an Internet indexing standard based on the US Library of Congress cross‐reference system.
Global delivery of education via the Internet
Authors: Kostopoulos George K.
Published: July 2002

Describes the issues associated with global delivery of education via the Internet, as well as the academic, technical, administrative, instructional, and behavioral considerations. Also presents a course delivery prototype, which has been designed to serve as a shell for the development of full‐length courses. The paper’s position is that eventually a cyber‐academia will be progressively formed, with its own culture and institutions, which will meet the needs of those who are time or place constrained.
The Internet and the banks’ strategic distribution channel decisions
Authors: Mols Niels Peter
Published: July 2002

Bank customers are divided into an Internet banking segment and a branch banking segment and it is argued the former is growing and the latter is declining. This development is predicted dramatically to change the distribution channel structure in the retail banking sector. Two important strategic distribution channel decisions face banks. The first is whether to target the branch banking segment or the Internet banking segment. The other regards the geographical area banks aim to serve. This can be the local/national area or several nations. Based on this, four pure distribution channel strategies and a dual strategy are identified and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Legal considerations of Internet use ‐ issues to be addressed
Authors: Saunders Thomas Daphyne , Forcht Karen A. , Counts Peter
Published: July 2002

With an estimated over 40 million Internet users all over the world, things that once happened only in “real life” are starting to occur in this virtual world. This Internet, just like the physical world, cannot rely on laws alone to keep order. The rules that regulate behavior, the policies for what is acceptable and the laws that pertain to activities have developed and will continue to emerge over time. However, conflicts of interest are inevitable and wherever conflict occurs, the government will regulate on matters including e‐mail, data theft, piracy, search and seizure, electronic banking, offensive behavior, and other legal liability issues.
Multimedia applications in heterogeneous Internet/ATM environments
Authors: Wolf Lars C.
Published: July 2002

New application types such as distributed multimedia applications have to provide a certain quality of service (QoS) to the users. Since they handle time‐critical information such as audio and video data, they need appropriate support from the system components and especially from the network. New protocols and mechanisms have been developed over recent years to offer integrated services by serving both discrete media data (such as text and graphics) and continuous‐media data (i.e. audio and video) in digital networks. Internet and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) are the main players in this area and both possess QoS architectures which allow them to integrate services of data‐ and tele‐ communications formerly performed by separate infrastructures. We believe that both will co‐exist for a significant amount of time, potentially complemented by other, perhaps simpler, approaches which are currently under investigation, such as differentiated services. Therefore, an interaction between these two architectures is necessary. In this paper, we discuss interaction approaches for the QoS architectures developed for the Internet and for ATM. We base this description on requirements and scenarios of multimedia applications and on the possible communication patterns considering different topological variants for heterogeneous Internet‐ATM networks.
A knowledge‐based approach to domain‐specialized information agents
Authors: Wai Loke Seng , Sterling Leon , Sonenberg Liz
Published: July 2002

Finding specific information on the Web can be difficult and time‐consuming due to the Web’s tremendous size and the current speed of network connections. Information agents that search the Web on behalf of users are invaluable. Since information needs are diverse, there should be tools for users to build their own agents that specialize in finding the information they want. These tools should be usable by non‐programmers. This paper describes ARIS, a shell for constructing information agents without coding. Our approach is akin to expert system shells, where the user supplies the knowledge for each specialist agent, and a common engine utilizes the agents’ knowledge. An agent’s search is guided by knowledge about how Web sites in a given domain are typically structured. We also report on our experiences with two agents built using ARIS.
Transformation at INTELSAT: sometimes the tortoise beats the hare
Authors: Congram Carole , Slye Peggy , Glidden Priscilla
Published: July 2002

This paper describes a customer service initiative in a global telecommunications cooperative, the accepted industry leader in technical quality. Not only are the customers multicultural, but the staff is diverse as well. As opposed to the traditional top‐down approach, the INTELSAT initiative originated with middle management. Two groups were formed, each charged with improving a complex, multifunctional ordering process associated with about 50 per cent of revenues. As the groups progressed, each had its own issues, successes, and problems. Although the groups differed considerably in composition, both achieved success, as measured by customer feedback and internal metrics. A final section covers conclusions and recommendations.
Organizational scepticism, the modern conception of leadership and the obsession with new
Authors: Terry Larry D. , Levin Maxine G.
Published: July 2002

This essay focuses on institutional leadership in complex public organizations. Using an expanded version of James A. Stever’s organizational scepticism framework, an argument is presented that the concept new occupies a privileged and unique position in the modern conception of leadership. The concept’s status is due, in part, to its intimate relationship with other favorable concepts, most notably progress and radical change. It is argued that the modern fixation with new, progress and radical change is troublesome. The scholarly community is encouraged to commit more intellectual resources to developing alternative models of leadership that recognize the usefulness of, but are not limited by, the underlying values and assumptions of modernity. The model of administrative conservatorship is offered as one such model.
Selection and evaluation of rapid tooling process chains with Protool
Authors: Kaschka Uwe , Auerbach Peter
Published: July 2002

The article describes a two‐step decision support methodology for selecting and evaluating manufacturing process chains and its application in the software system Protool. Special attention is paid to the production of models, prototypes, moulds, and dies using new and innovative technologies such as rapid prototyping or high speed cutting (HSC). One of the main goals is the comparison of rapid prototyping process chains among one another as well as conventional manufacturing technologies (e.g. NC‐milling) to rapid prototyping/rapid tooling. Furthermore the methodology allows the selection of suitable process chains considering the criteria quality, time, cost, and ecology for given manufacturing tasks. The different features of Protool will be demonstrated in a planning session for the production of an injection mould.
Technology forecast on ink‐jet head technology applications in rapid prototyping
Authors: Carrión Alejandro
Published: July 2002

Presents a technology forecast for ink‐jet head technology in 3D printers used in rapid prototyping. Gathers information via an expert opinion survey and from the Georgia Tech Library and the World Wide Web about future development and possible impacts. Shows that the technology is still in its infancy but receiving increased interest. Predicts the path the market may take and presents an outcome table for impact assessment. Considers the potential role of public policy in the technology development.
Computer‐aided build style decision support for stereolithography
Authors: McClurkin Joel E. , Rosen David W.
Published: July 2002

When building parts in a stereolithography apparatus (SLA), the user is faced with many decisions regarding how the part will be built. The quality of the build can be controlled by the user by changing one of several build style variables, including part orientation, cross sectional layer thickness, and laser hatch density. A user will probably have preferences for the part build (i.e. accuracy or speed), but may not understand how to vary the build style variables to produce the desired results. A method based on response surface methodology and multiobjective decision support is described in this paper for relating build goals to the build style variables to provide support for making build style decisions. The method is applied to the build style of a circuit breaker handle. Results indicate the method’s usefulness in supporting build style decisions. Expected behaviors of the goals with respect to the variables were confirmed and quantified. Additionally, response surface methodology was shown to be accurate and effective in modeling the relationships among variables and goals.
Low cost high performance microwave structures fabricated by advanced thick film techniques
Authors: Dziurdzia Barbara , Nowak Stanislaw , Ciez Michal , Gregorczyk Wojciech , Thust Heiko , Polzer Erich
Published: July 2002

The paper presents the application of two advanced thick‐film techniques: etching of fired thick‐films and photoimaging of photosensitive thick‐films for fabrication bandpass microwave filters operating in the frequency range from 6 to 14 GHz. Modified screen printing through ultra‐thin calendered screens is used for comparative goals. Advanced techniques are combined with novel thick‐film conductors including photosensitive pastes and etchable pastes.
Constraining optimal portfolios and the effect on real estate’s allocation
Authors: Stevenson Simon
Published: July 2002

This paper re‐examines the role of real estate within mixed asset portfolios from the perspective of an Irish portfolio manager. The nature of the investment market in the Republic of Ireland leads to the study extending the existing literature by expanding the universe of assets beyond a solely domestic setting and by imposing constraints on the optimal portfolios. Irish funds generally hold proportionately more in international equities than in the domestic market due to the small and illiquid nature of the Irish market; therefore, unconstrained tests do not adequately model the behaviour of Irish portfolio managers. The study finds that while real estate plays an important role in both the domestic and international unconstrained portfolios, it exits the optimal portfolios at relatively low return levels. Additionally, the real estate series adjusted for smoothing fails to enter any of the optimal portfolios. However, the use of 20 per cent band constraints leads to an increase in the diversification role real estate can play in a mixed asset portfolio, with the asset maintaining a presence up to more acceptable return levels.
Introducing ropivacaine into a department’s epidural analgesic practice. Improving acute pain service practice
Authors: Towell T.J. , Maric S. , Jones M. , Wyatt R. , Duthie D.J.R.
Published: July 2002

The results of introducing a new licensed local anaesthetic drug, ropivacaine, into routine practice were evaluated by measuring the efficacy and adverse effects of patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA), using ropivacaine 2mg/ml (R), or the mixtures in current use: fentanyl 5 (μg/ml with bupivacaine 1mg/ml (BF5) and fentanyl 10 (μg/ml) with bupivacaine 1mg/ml (BF10). All patients were nursed on general wards after surgery. For two months, 102 consecutive patients were studied. Pain scores at rest were significantly better in the fentanyl and bupivacaine groups, (mean rank R: 35.5, BF5: 22.7, BF10: 26.9, P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between patient controlled boluses and pain at rest and (p < 0.001), and pain on moving (p < 0.001). Nausea and vomiting was worse in the BF10 (p < 0.05). Older patients demanded less analgesia (p < 0.001). Postoperatively BF5 provided better pain relief with trends demonstrating fewer side‐effects and complications than BF10 or R. We now use fentanyl 5 (μg/ml and bupivacaine 1mg/ml as our standard epidural infusion mixture.
The Market Valuation of Bank Shares: With Implications for the Value Additivity Principle
Authors: Ang James S. , Clark Jeffrey A.
Published: July 2002

This paper examines the capital market's pricing of cash flow producing activities of U.S. banks. A multiple regression methodology is used in conjunction with an extensive, cross section‐time series data set spanning the years 1974 through 1991. This data set and methodology provide the basis for a unique test of the value additivity principle as well as insight into how banks have responded to the changing technological, competitive and regulatory environments. Overall the results support the value additivity principle until 1983. However, statistically significant deviations from the value additivity principle are identified across all subgroups beginning in 1984. Important product innovations, changing technology, and regulatory and competitive changes appear to have provided banks with greater opportunities and incentives for the expansion and linkage of cash flow producing activities.
Calcitonin gene‐related peptide immunoreactivity and afferent receptive properties of dorsal root ganglion neurones in guinea‐pigs
Authors: Lawson S. N. , Crepps B. , Perl E. R.
Published: July 2002

To establish the afferent receptive properties of lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurones that express calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), intracellular recordings were made with fluorescent dye‐filled electrodes in deeply anaesthetised young guinea‐pigs. After determination of neuronal functional properties, dye was injected into the soma. CGRP‐like immunoreactivity (CGRP‐LI) was examined on histological sections of dye‐marked neurones. Fourteen of 34 C‐fibre neurones showed CGRP‐LI. These included 10/21 C‐fibre nociceptive neurones. All C‐polymodal nociceptors in glabrous (n= 4) but none in hairy skin (n= 4) were positive. Positive C‐fibre high threshold mechanoreceptive (HTM) units had receptive fields in dermal or deeper tissue. Four (n= 6) unresponsive or unidentified C‐fibre units were positive. Neither C‐fibre cooling sensitive (n= 4) nor C‐fibre low threshold mechanoreceptive (LTM) units (n= 3) had CGRP‐LI. Six of 23 A‐fibre nociceptive cells were positive including one Aα/β unit. Three of these positive cells had epidermal and three had dermal/deep receptive fields. Three of 36 A‐fibre LTM units exhibited CGRP‐LI; all were Aα/β‐fibre G hair units. All glabrous skin and muscle spindle units and in hairy skin slowly adapting and field units, and some G‐hair units lacked CGRP‐LI. CGRP‐LI stained fibres were found in tissues containing receptive fields of positive DRG neurones: glabrous skin, near hair follicles and in skeletal muscle. A few substance P‐labelled neurones did not exhibit CGRP‐LI and vice versa. Thus CGRP expression was detected in under half the nociceptive neurones, was not limited to nociceptive neurones and apart from receptive properties was also related to location/depth in the tissues of a DRG neurone's peripheral terminals.
Weld Repair of Steam Turbine Casings and Piping—An Industry Survey
Authors: Gandy David W. , Findlan Shane J. , Viswanathan R.
Published: July 2002

As the U.S. fleet of fossil power plants age, utilities are forced to perform more and more repairs on such components as turbine casings, main and reheat piping, headers, and other components that have experienced high-temperature degradation. This paper presents information from two surveys on the weld repair technologies currently used by utilities and repair organizations to extend the life of high-temperature, high-pressure components. The initial survey included responses from 28 EPRI member utilities on various repair issues ranging from condition assessment to preheat/postweld heat treat to filler metals employed. The second survey was forwarded to repair vendors and OEMs to gain their perspective on utility industry repairs.
Mass/Heat Transfer in a Ribbed Passage With Cylindrical Vortex Generators: The Effect of Generator-Rib Spacing
Authors: Acharya S. , Hibbs R. G. , Chen Y. , Nikitopoulos D. E.
Published: July 2002

The effect of vortex generators on the heat transfer from internally ribbed passages is studied experimentally using a mass transfer technique. Cylindrical vortex generators placed directly above the ribs have been used in this study. Results are reported on the effect of the spacing between the vortex generator and the ribs. Detailed distributions of the Sherwood number contours and the centerline Sherwood number distributions are presented. Reynolds number values of 5000, 10,000, and 30,000 are studied and three generator-rib-spacing/rib-height (s/e) values of 0.55, 1, and 1.5 are considered. It is shown that at small generator-rib spacings (s/e=0.55), the two act as a single element, and lead to a retardation of the shear layer development past the reattachment point. This is generally associated with lower heat transfer. At a larger generator-rib spacing (s/e=1.5), the generator wake and the rib shear layer interact with each other to promote mixing and heat transfer. [S0022-1481(00)02103-4]
Wire Coating Under Vacuum
Authors: Hade Aaron J. , Giacomin A. Jeffrey
Published: July 2002

A numerical solution is presented for isothermal Newtonian wire coating under vacuum or with an externally applied pressure. Differential equations for the melt cone shape are derived from a force balance on the melt cone. Die design curves are then constructed from the solutions to these equations. These curves are helpful in predicting wire coating operating conditions.
Investigation of the Flopping Regime of Two-, Three-, and Four-Plate Arrays
Authors: Guillaume D. W. , LaRue J. C.
Published: July 2002

The variation of the base pressure coefficient (Cp) and the characteristics of the power spectra of the velocity for arrays of two-, three- and four-plates aligned normal to the flow are presented. The wakes downstream of the plates in the array are shown to exhibit behavior that varies between stable modes, flopping and quasi-stable behavior depending on the s/t distance (where s is the spacing between the top and bottom surfaces of adjacent plates and t is the thickness of the plate). For the two and three-plate arrays with s/t=0.25, peaks in the power spectra of about 48.2 and 98.1 Hz which correspond to Strouhal numbers of 0.06 and 0.11 are observed. For the four-plate array with s/t=0.192, no clear peaks are visible. Probability density functions of uncalibrated hot-wire signals show that the peaks in the power do not correspond to continuously periodic fluctuations. [S0098-2202(00)00604-0]
An Intelligent Sensor
Validation and Fault Diagnostic Technique for Diesel Engines
Authors: Mesbahi Ehsan
Published: July 2002

An intelligent sensor validation and on-line fault diagnosis technique for a 6 cylinder turbocharged diesel engine is proposed and studied. A single auto-associative 3-layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN), is trained to examine the accuracy of the measured data and allocate a confidence level to each signal. The same ANN is used to recover the missing or faulty data with a close approximation. For on-line fault detection a feed-forward ANN is trained to classify and consequently recognize faulty and healthy behavior of the engine for a wide range of operating conditions. The proposed technique is also equipped with an on-line learning mechanism, which is activated when the confidence level in predicted fault is poor. It is hoped that a feasible, practical, and reliable sensor reading, as well as highly accurate fault diagnosis system, would be achieved.
An Investigation Into the Characteristics of a Two Dimensional “2D” Flow Control Valve
Authors: Ruan J. , Burton R. , Ukrainetz P.
Published: July 2002

In hydraulic servo systems, a pilot stage is often used to reduce the influence of Bernoulli’s forces and frictional forces when trying to accurately position a spool. A unique pilot controlled valve (defined as a two dimensional or “2D” flow control valve), which utilizes both rotary and linear motions of a single spool, is presented. The rotary motion uses a spiral groove in the sleeve combined with high and low pressure holes on the spool land to control the pressure in the spool chamber, while the linear motion of the spool is actuated by a hydrostatic force. Both linear theory and numerical simulation are adopted in the investigation of the characteristics of the valve. A criterion for stability is established from a linearized model of the valve. The analysis establishes the effects that certain structural parameters have on the valve’s static and dynamic characteristics. Special experimental procedures were designed to obtain properties such as mechanical stiffness, leakage flow rate, and dynamic response under different structural parameters and system pressure. It was shown that the leakage through the spool-sleeve clearance had a favorable effect on the valve stability. Theoretical and experimental results show that it is necessary to establish a balance between the static and dynamic performance in establishing appropriate structural parameters. It is also shown that the 2D flow control valve can demonstrate a high speed of response, while maintaining the pilot flow rate at a low level.
Pressure and Suction Surfaces Redesign for High-Lift Low-Pressure
Turbines
Authors: González P. , Ulizar I. , Vázquez R. , Hodson H. P.
Published: July 2002

Nowadays there is a big effort toward improving the low-pressure turbine efficiency even to the extent of penalizing other relevant design parameters. LP turbine efficiency influences SFC more than other modules in the engine. Most of the research has been oriented to reduce profile losses, modifying the suction surface, the pressure surface, or the three-dimensional regions of the flow. To date, the pressure surface has received very little attention. The dependence of the profile losses on the behavior of both pressure and suction surfaces has been investigated for the case of a high-lift design that is representative of a modern civil engine LP turbine. The experimental work described in this paper consists of two different sets of experiments: the first one concluded an improved pressure surface definition, and the second set was oriented to achieve further improvement in losses modifying the profile suction surface. Three profiles were designed and tested over a range of conditions. The first profile is a thin-solid design. This profile has a large pressure side separation bubble extending from near the leading edge to midchord. The second profile is a hollow design with the same suction surface as the first one, but avoiding pressure surface separation. The third one is also a hollow design with the same pressure surface as the second profile, but more aft loaded suction surface. The study is part of a wider ongoing research program covering the effects of the different design parameters on losses. The paper describes the experiments conducted in a low-speed linear cascade facility. It gathers together steady and unsteady loss measurements by wake traverse and surface pressure distributions for all the profiles. It is shown that thick profiles generate only around 90 percent of the losses of a thin-solid profile with the same suction surface. The results support the idea of an optimum axial position for the peak Mach number. Caution is recommended, as profile aft loading would not be a completely secure method for reducing losses.
Microcirculation Impedance Analysis in Cat Lung
Authors: Gao Jian , Huang Wei , Yen R. T.
Published: July 2002

An analysis of pulsatile microcirculation in cat lung, with special attention to the pulmonary microvascular impedance, is presented. A theoretical calculation is made on the basis of a complete set of experimental data on the morphology and elasticity of cat’s pulmonary capillary sheets. The transfer matrix of the pulmonary microvascular impedance is obtained. The input impedance at the capillary entrance and exit are determined. The input impedance at the pulmonary arterial trunk is compared under various physiological conditions. It is shown that although the impact of pulmonary microcirculation on the relationship between the steady mean flow and pressure in the pulmonary arteries and veins is decisively large, the influence of the alveolar microcirculation on the input impedance at the pulmonary arterial trunk is small. [S0148-0731(00)01101-8]