bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multinuclear absolute magnetic resonance thermometry
Authors: Silletta Emilia V. , Jerschow Alexej , Madelin Guillaume , Alon Leeor
Published: November 2019

Non-invasive measurement of absolute temperature is important for proper characterization of various pathologies and for evaluation of thermal dose during interventional procedures. The proton (hydrogen nucleus) magnetic resonance (MR) frequency shift method can be used to map relative temperature changes. However, spatiotemporal variations in the main magnetic field and the lack of local internal frequency reference challenge the determination of absolute temperature. Here, we introduce a multinuclear method for absolute MR thermometry, based on the fact that the hydrogen and sodium nuclei exhibit a unique and distinct characteristic frequency dependence with temperature and with electrolyte concentration. A one-to-one mapping between the precession frequency difference of the two nuclei and absolute temperature is demonstrated. Proof-of-concept experiments were conducted in aqueous solutions with different NaCl concentrations, in agarose gel samples, and in freshly excised ex vivo mouse tissues. One-dimensional chemical shift imaging experiments also demonstrated excellent agreement with infrared measurements.
Solvent-based Absorption
Authors: Heldebrant D. J. , Kothandaraman J.
Published: November 2019

Solvent-based CO2 absorption processes are the oldest and most mature technology, having been deployed at what is considered full-scale for post-combustion CO2 capture. There are many commercial 1st and 2nd generation technologies such as Econamine FG+, CANSOLV, Oase Blue, KS-1, with dozens if not hundreds of 3rd generation solvents that are been studied at various stages of testing. While there are many solvents that are under development, nearly all solvents function on the same physical and chemical principles and it is not surprising that they all have similar configurations with comparable levels of performance. The enhancements in energy efficiency for solvents have come primarily from the engineering advancements that have been achieved over many decades of refinement, whereas little has changed with respect to the molecular structure of solvents over the same period of time. In this chapter, we explain the tenets of solvent-based processes and provide a chronological timeline of solvents throughout their nearly 90-year history with discussions as to why and how the advancements in solvent efficiency have been achieved and we conclude with an outlook on the future of solvents and their place in carbon capture and storage.
Carbon Capture and Storage from Industrial Sources
Authors: Leeson Duncan , Ramirez Andrea , Mac Dowell Niall
Published: November 2019

The industrial sector is responsible for 21% of all global carbon dioxide emissions, and, as such, emissions mitigation is as important in this sector as in the power generation sector. Individual industries are sufficiently diverse that bespoke capture strategies must be created for them, with different technologies more appropriate for different industries. One major difference between industrial and power carbon capture and storage (CCS) is that industries often have numerous sources of varying sizes and CO2 concentration, requiring some degree of aggregation or multiple capture units in order to capture large proportions of flue gases, implying an important trade-off between capture rate and cost. Within the chemical manufacturing industries, there exist streams of high-purity CO2 which can be used for demonstration CCS schemes at a lower cost than other flue streams, and as a first mover towards wide scale deployment. However, attempting to calculate the cost of industrial CCS is difficult since there are a wide range of reported costs from literature, with little consensus even within technologies for the same industry. Policy challenges remain broadly similar to those encountered in the power industry, though due to the global markets for industrial products, some market mechanism would be required in the event of unilateral decarbonisation in order not to penalise first-mover entities.
Applications of CCS in the Cement Industry
Authors: Hills Thomas P. , Sceats Mark G. , Fennell Paul S.
Published: November 2019

Cement manufacture is responsible for around 7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The process is unique in that around two-thirds of the direct CO2 emissions are unavoidable as they come from the process chemistry rather than from fuel combustion. This makes reducing them particularly difficult, and carbon capture and storage is currently the only option that can reduce emissions by the extent required to allow cement manufacture to continue beyond the transition to low CO2-emission economies. Post-combustion capture options, which are similar to those described in Chapter 4, are available. Equally, oxy-fuel combustion is possible. Pre-combustion capture can only deal with one-third of emissions from combustion, and so is generally not considered. Other cement-specific options exist, such as direct separation, and the synergies between calcium looping and cement manufacture are noteworthy. High CO2 intensity coupled with the relatively low price of cement means that CCS is expensive per unit of cement manufactured. The lack of large-scale capture facilities means that the costs are rather uncertain, although several estimates are given in this chapter. A summary of existing pilot plants is provided, the challenges of rolling out carbon capture in the cement sector are discussed, and a way forward is suggested.
CCS in the Iron and Steel Industry
Authors: McQueen Noah , Woodall Caleb M. , Psarras Peter , Wilcox Jennifer
Published: November 2019

The iron and steel industry has played a large part in global industrialization and now accounts for about 7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As thorough progress has already been made in minimizing the carbon footprint through process optimization efficiency increases, further emissions reductions could be achieved through carbon capture and sequestration (CCS). In an analysis of existing production capacity around the globe, most production facilities will likely continue to run in the coming decades, presenting an opportunity to install retrofit CCS technologies onto existing plants, like absorption and oxyfuel top gas recycling. More advanced CCS technologies such as hydrogen direct reduction and smelting reduction should be installed within the upcoming production plants being constructed. Current international initiatives like ULCOS and HYBRIT, evolving government policies and incentives, and pilot projects are helping to improve process economics and shedding light on industrial viability.
CCS in Electricity Systems
Authors: Heuberger C. F. , Mac Dowell N.
Published: November 2019

This chapter aims at evaluating CCS equipped power generationin a power system context. Initially, the main power system servicesand mechanisms are reviewed. Decarbonisation poses transformationalchallenges associated with system reliability and operability to theenergy system. New approaches to evaluate power generation and storagetechnologies in a whole-systems context are discussed and demonstrated.CCS power plants are able to reduce the total system cost and leadto a least-cost decarbonisation of the power sector. Enhanced flexibilityin CCS power generation can provide additional value to the system.Research, policies, and markets should aim at explicitly evaluatingnew technology services to the power system, such as flexibility,low CO2 emissions, or the provision of ancillary services.
CCS – From an Oil Crisis to a Climate Crisis Response
Authors: Gibbins Jon
Published: November 2019

For most of its history carbon capture and storage (CCS) has generally been regarded as a way of overcoming a shortage of oil and gas, essentially a response to an oil crisis, like renewable energy. With countries moving towards targets of net-zero CO2 emissions (e.g., the UK and France) and potentially towards negative greenhouse gas emissions, CCS will become increasingly essential if our climate objectives are to be achieved. In order to achieve a solution on global warming, then all countries have to participate. Money spent on CCS is much more likely to get a return in terms of influencing other countries than if spent on low-carbon technologies that are already well-known and widely deployed.
A cellulose monolith supported metal/organic framework as a hierarchical porous material for a flow reaction
Authors: Yang Zhaohang , Asoh Taka-Aki , Uyama Hiroshi
Published: November 2019

A novel cellulose monolith supported ZIF-8 metal organic framework as a hierarchical porous material was designed by using a highly effective pump injection method, which is used for a flow-based reaction.
On-chip assembly of 3D graphene-based aerogels for chemiresistive gas sensing
Authors: Shao Gaofeng , Ovsianytskyi Oleksandr , Bekheet Maged F. , Gurlo Aleksander
Published: November 2019

The first demonstration of the in situ assembly of 3D graphene-based aerogels on a chip as high performance gas sensors towards trace NO2.
Discovery of face-centred cubic Os nanoparticles
Authors: Wakisaka Takuo , Kusada Kohei , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Toriyama Takaaki , Matsumura Syo , Ibrahima Gueye , Seo Okkyun , Kim Jaemyung , Hiroi Satoshi , Sakata Osami , Kawaguchi Shogo , Kubota Yoshiki , Kitagawa Hiroshi
Published: November 2019

The first example of the crystal structure control of Os is reported. The fcc-structured Os nanoparticles were synthesized using an Os acetylacetonate complex as a precursor although the fcc structure does not exist in the bulk state.
A new non-fullerene acceptor based on the combination of a heptacyclic benzothiadiazole unit and a thiophene-fused end group achieving over 13% efficiency
Authors: Zhang Yunqiang , Cai Fangfang , Yuan Jun , Wei Qingya , Zhou Liuyang , Qiu Beibei , Hu Yunbin , Li Yongfang , Peng Hongjian , Zou Yingping
Published: November 2019

A new non-fullerene acceptor based on dithienothiophen[3,2-b]-pyrrolobenzothiadiazole and 2-(6-oxo-5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[c]thiophen-4-ylidene)malononitrile has been designed and synthesized for high performance solar cells.
Charge-compensated co-doping of graphdiyne with boron and nitrogen to form metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Feng Zhen , Ma Yaqiang , Li Yi , Li Renyi , Tang Yanan , Dai Xianqi
Published: November 2019

B,N co-doped graphdiyne (GDY) could be an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with an overpotential of 0.57 V.
Copper(ii) complexes with NNO ligands: synthesis, crystal structures, DNA cleavage, and anticancer activities
Authors: Yang Ping , Zhang Dan-Dan , Wang Zi-Zhou , Liu Hui-Zhong , Shi Qing-Shan , Xie Xiao-Bao
Published: November 2019

The copper(ii) complexes of aroylhydrazone ligands exhibit strong DNA binding affinity and prominent ds DNA cleavage and cytotoxicity.
Discrimination and geo-spatial mapping of atmospheric VOC sources using full scan direct mass spectral data collected from a moving vehicle
Authors: Richards L. C. , Davey N. G. , Gill C. G. , Krogh E. T.
Published: November 2019

Full scan mass spectrometry data collected from a moving vehicle used to discriminate and map sources of volatile organic compounds using principal component analysis.
Hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides from Gomphidiaceae rutilus fruiting bodies and their mechanisms
Authors: Yang Siwen , Qu Yunhe , Zhang Hang , Xue Zhujun , Liu Ting , Yang Lulu , Sun Lin , Zhou Yifa , Fan Yuying
Published: November 2019

The illustration of the hypoglycemic mechanisms of the polysaccharide fractions from Gomphidiaceae rutilus.
Designing carbon conductive filament memristor devices for memory and electronic synapse applications
Authors: Zhou Zhenyu , Zhao Jianhui , Chen Andy Paul , Pei Yifei , Xiao Zuoao , Wang Gong , Chen Jingsheng , Fu Guangsheng , Yan Xiaobing
Published: November 2019

Utilizing the instability of the edge atoms of graphene defects, carbon conductive filaments were formed under the regulation of the electric field and the synaptic function was achieved.
Protein microswimmers capable of delivering cells for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Kurinomaru Takaaki , Inagaki Akiko , Hoshi Masamichi , Nakamura Chikashi , Yamazoe Hironori
Published: November 2019

The protein microswimmer, composed of serum albumin, magnetic nanoparticles, and cell-capturing parts, can capture cells, transport them towards target destinations, and release them at target sites in a controllable manner.
Automatic fluorometric lactate determination in human plasma samples
Authors: Pereira Sarah A. P. , Mota Fátima A. R. , Çay Ipek , Passos Marieta L. C. , Araujo André R. T. S. , Saraiva M. Lúcia M. F. S.
Published: November 2019

A new automatic, robust, economic and reliable methodology to determine the lactate levels in human plasma in a fast way and using low volume blood samples.
Emerging investigators 2020
Authors: Barner-Kowollik Christopher
Published: November 2019

This themed issue of Polymer Chemistry highlights the work of emerging investigators in Polymer Chemistry. Editor-in-Chief Christopher Barner-Kowollik introduces the issue.
The synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dots for fluorescence detection of cobalt(ii) ions in water
Authors: Boonta Wissuta , Talodthaisong Chanon , Sattayaporn Suchinda , Chaicham Chiraporn , Chaicham Anusak , Sahasithiwat Somboon , Kangkaew Laongdao , Kulchat Sirinan
Published: November 2019

A highly sensitive and selective fluorescence sensor using N,S-GQDs for the detection of Co2+within 3 minutes.
Spiroalanpyrroids A and B, sesquiterpene alkaloids with a unique spiro-eudesmanolide–pyrrolizidine skeleton from Inula helenium
Authors: Cai You-Sheng , Wu Zi , Zheng Xiao-Qin , Wang Cong , Wang Jian-Rong , Zhang Xin-Xin , Qiu Guofu , Zhu Kongkai , Cao Shugeng , Yu Jianqing
Published: November 2019

Two sesquiterpene alkaloids with an unprecedented eudesmanolide–pyrrolizidine spiro[5.5] framework, together with two new sesquiterpene-amino acid adducts were isolated from the roots of Inula helenium.
Hexachlorobenzene exerts genotoxic effects in a humpback whale cell line under stable exposure conditions
Authors: Maner Jenny , Burkard Michael , Cassano Juan Carlos , Nash Susan M. Bengtson , Schirmer Kristin , Suter Marc J.-F.
Published: November 2019

Stable exposure concentrations for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) can be achieved using silicone O-rings for passive dosing. Using this setup it was found that HCB causes DNA damage in a cell line of humpback whale fibroblasts.
Concentrations of TENORMs in the petroleum industry and their environmental and health effects
Authors: Ali Mohsen M. M. , Zhao Hongtao , Li Zhongyu , Maglas Najeeb N. M.
Published: November 2019

Crude oil and its products and wastes are among the significant sources of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs).
Protein-activated transformation of silver nanoparticles into blue and red-emitting nanoclusters
Authors: Sahu Dillip Kumar , Sarkar Priyanka , Singha Debabrata , Sahu Kalyanasis
Published: November 2019

Protein capping can trigger nanoparticle to nanocluster transformation at elevated pH.
One-step, high-yield synthesis of g-C3N4 nanosheets for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Wang Liyan , Hou Yangwen , Xiao Shanshan , Bi Fei , Zhao Li , Li Yingqi , Zhang Xiaojia , Gai Guangqing , Dong Xiangting
Published: November 2019

g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity and high yield is synthesized by a one-step pyrolysis method of melamine in a sealed crucible.
Biomimetic bone tissue engineering hydrogel scaffolds constructed using ordered CNTs and HA induce the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs
Authors: Liu Li , Yang Bo , Wang Lan-Qing , Huang Jin-Peng , Chen Wu-Ya , Ban Qing , Zhang Yi , You Rong , Yin Liang , Guan Yan-Qing
Published: November 2019

The ordered hydrogel (AG-Col-o-CNT) scaffolds promoted the growth of BMSCs and influenced the differentiation of BMSCs into osteoblasts in vitro and in vivo.
Polypyrrole-based double rare earth hybrid nanoparticles for multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy
Authors: Shan Xueru , Chen Qian , Yin Xiangyu , Jiang Chunzhu , Li Tinghua , Wei Shanshan , Zhang Xinyu , Sun Guoying , Liu Jianhua , Lu Lehui
Published: November 2019

A polypyrrole-based theranostic agent containing double rare-earth elements was constructed and demonstrated promising application for T1/T2-weighted MRI/CT tri-modal imaging guided photothermal cancer therapy.
Emerging intraoral biosensors
Authors: Wang Jianwu , Yu Jing , Wang Ting , Li Chengcheng , Wei Yan , Deng Xuliang , Chen Xiaodong
Published: November 2019

Intraoral biosensors are emerging as reliable medical devices for non-invasive health-care monitoring.
Correction: Thermoresponsive polysarcosine-based nanoparticles
Authors: Yu Huayang , Ingram Nicola , Rowley Jason V. , Parkinson Sam , Green David C. , Warren Nicholas J. , Thornton Paul D.
Published: November 2019

Correction for ‘Thermoresponsive polysarcosine-based nanoparticles’ by Huayang Yu et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2019, 7, 4217–4223.
Fabricating flexible wafer-size inorganic semiconductor devices
Authors: Yuan Yunhuan , Xie Senpei , Ding Chaogang , Shi Xianbiao , Xu Jie , Li Kang , Zhao Weiwei
Published: November 2019

In this work, we proposed a scheme to obtain flexible wafer-size inorganic semiconductor devices and discussed their mechanism of this super flexibility.
Environment adaptive hydrogels for extreme conditions: a review
Authors: Jiang Yanan , Lu Xiong
Published: November 2019

Hydrogels have attracted extensive attention due to their excellent swellability, permeability, and biocompatibility. In recent years, the demand for multifunctional hydrogels has been on the increase; there is also an increased need to utilise hydrogels in more varied and extreme applications, such as low temperature, anoxic environment, ultraviolet damage, burns, and the marine environment. Furthermore, traditional hydrogel materials cannot meet the requirements of the application in extreme environments. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop hydrogels that are adaptable to certain extreme conditions. This review summarises recent advances in hydrogels that meet application requirements under extreme conditions, particularly in the biomedical field and prospects for their future development.
Multiscale bilateral filtering to detect 3D interest points
Authors: Guo Han , Niu Dongmei , Zhang Mingxuan , Zhao Xiuyang , Yang Bo , Zhang Caiming
Published: November 2019

The detection of 3D interest points is a central problem in computer graphics, computer vision, and pattern recognition. It is also an important preprocessing step in the analysis of 3D model matching. Although studied for decades, detecting 3D interest points remains a challenge. In this study, a novel multiscale bilateral filtering method is presented to detect 3D interest points. This method first simplifies repeatedly the input 3D mesh to form k multiresolution meshes. For each mesh, on the basis of the computed saliency of the mesh vertex, the bilateral filtering is used to remove the noise of the mesh saliencies and the global contrast to normalise the saliencies, and then the interest points are extracted on the basis of the normalised saliency. The proposed method then gathers and clusters all interest points detected on the k multiresolution meshes, and the centres of these clusters are treated as the final interest points. In this method, both the spatial closeness and the geometric similarities of the mesh vertices are considered during the bilateral filtering process. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method to detect 3D interest points. This method is also tested the potential to distinguish 3D models.
Retracted: Improved and adaptive model of optimum droop management for multi‐terminal DC systems throughout line outages
Authors: Habib Arslan , Ananta Adesh , Abbassi Rabeh , Abbassi Abdelkader , Julián Aristizábal Andrés
Published: November 2019

The following article published in IET Generation Transmission and Distribution entitled ‘Improved and adaptive model of optimum droop management for multi‐terminal DC systems throughout line outages' (DOI: 10.1049/iet‐gtd.2018.5704) has been retracted due to a breach of the IET's Policy in Relation to Plagiarism, Infringement of Copyright and Infringement of Moral Rights and Submission to Multiple Publications, and concerns over the authorship of the paper.
Enhanced sensitivity‐based decentralised framework for real‐time transient stability assessment in bulk power grids with renewable energy resources
Authors: Zareian Jahromi Mehdi , Tajdinian Mohsen , Zhao Junbo , Dehghanian Payman , Allahbakhsi Mehdi , Seifi Ali Reza
Published: November 2019

With the increasing trend in the integration and deployment of distributed energy resources, the real‐time assessment of power system transient stability is becoming more and more challenging. This study presents an enhanced sensitivity‐based decentralised transient stability assessment scheme, which first virtually decomposes the large‐scale power network into several smaller areas. Then, a new sensitivity‐based scheme is developed to derive and quantify the kinetic energy‐based stability assessment index. This index allows taking into account the effects of both AC generators and power electronic‐based generator units. In addition, thanks to the new sensitivity‐based scheme, the transient stability can be assessed in a decentralised manner using only the boundary buses in each segmented area, which relaxes the need for massive data availability and transfer across the network and enables its applicability for online applications in large‐scale power systems. Simulation results on the 48‐machine IEEE 140‐bus and 544‐machine 2000‐bus synthetic power grid test systems demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Quantitative index to evaluate the impact of reactive power compensators on AC system's strength of UHVDC transmission under hierarchical infeed mode
Authors: Rehman Atiq Ur , Guo Chunyi , Zhao Chengyong
Published: November 2019

Ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission under hierarchical infeed mode (HIM) embedded into AC networks with diverse voltage levels (500 and 1000 kV) has been used by energy utilities for bulk power transfer. It has some dynamic characteristics challenges such as commutation failures under certain faults at inverter station. The installation of reactive power compensators (RPCs) such as synchronous condenser and static synchronous compensator at inverter's end can support the AC grid to mitigate commutation failures, which can ultimately result in the improved dynamic characteristics of UHVDC‐HIM system. There is a need for analytical index that can accurately indicate the AC system's strength of UHVDC‐HIM system with consideration of impact from RPCs and the interaction between AC networks. In this study, the resulting improvement in dynamic characteristics is quantified by proposed ‘equivalent hierarchical mode short circuit ratio’ (EHMSCR) index. An equivalent model of UHVDC‐HIM system with AC system's strength modified via EHMSCR is established in PSCAD/EMTDC in order to assess the application of proposed index. Then, three different cases are carried out to further validate the accuracy of EHMSCR index. The results indicate that EHMSCR can accurately evaluate the AC system's strength of UHVDC‐HIM system with RPCs.
Analyses of the coupling model combining field and circuit equations based on solenoidal coils for wireless power transfer
Authors: Xianjin Song , Guoqiang Liu , Chao Zhang , Yanhong Li , Xiaoyu Xu
Published: November 2019

A method using the coupling model combining the field and circuit equations is put forward to describe the wireless power transfer (WPT) system in this study. Hollow solenoidal resonant coils are usually excited by alternating currents in practice, doing studies related to the solutions to the solenoidal coils in alternating electromagnetic fields is important. In this study, the analytic expressions of the alternating magnetic vector potential are obtained from Maxwell's formulas for time‐harmonic electromagnetic fields, and the mathematical expressions of the electric field intensity, the magnetic flux density, the induced voltage, and the mutual inductance are established for the coaxially symmetric solenoidal coils. The field‐circuit coupling model is built for WPT, and the relationship between the input and output variables is obtained. The equations contain the dielectric information of the transmission space and the coils' radii and turn numbers, and can be used for analysing the dielectric effects of the space at lower or higher frequencies. The results are verified by experiments of 2‐coil and 4‐coil structures. The advantages of being able to analyse the distribution of the fields are illustrated by a comparison experiment with a laterally displaced coil, which is valuable to WPT design.
First detection of the carbon chain molecules13CCC and C13CC towards SgrB2(M)
Authors: Giesen T. F. , Mookerjea B. , Fuchs G. W. , Breier A. A. , Witsch D. , Simon R. , Stutzki J.
Published: November 2019

Context.Carbon molecules and their13C-isotopologues can be used to determine the12C/13C abundance ratios in stellar and interstellar objects. C3is a pure carbon chain molecule found in star-forming regions and in stellar shells of carbon-rich late-type stars. Latest laboratory data of13C-isotopologues of C3allow a selective search for the mono-substituted species13CCC and C13CC based on accurate ro-vibrational frequencies.

Aims.We aim to provide the first detection of the13C-isotopologues13CCC and C13CC in space and to derive the12C/13C ratio of interstellar gas in the massive star-forming region SgrB2(M) near the Galactic Center.

Methods.We used the heterodyne receivers GREAT and upGREAT on board SOFIA to search for the ro-vibrational transitionsQ(2) andQ(4) of13CCC and C13CC at 1.9 THz along the line of sight towards SgrB2(M). In addition, to determine the local excitation temperature, we analyzed data from nine ro-vibrational transitions of the main isotopologue CCC in the frequency range between 1.6 and 1.9 THz, which were taken from theHerschelScience Data Archive.

Results.We report the first detection of the isotopologues13CCC and C13CC. For both species, the ro-vibrational absorption linesQ(2) andQ(4) have been identified, primarily arising from the warm gas physically associated with the strong continuum source, SgrB2(M). From the available CCC ro-vibrational transitions, we derived a gas excitation temperature ofTex= 44.4+4.7−3.9K, and a total column density ofN(CCC) = 3.88+0.39−0.35× 1015cm−2. Assuming the excitation temperatures of C13CC and13CCC to be the same as for CCC, we obtained column densities of the13C-isotopologues ofN(C13CC) = 2.1+0.9−0.6× 1014cm−2andN(13CCC) = 2.4+1.2−0.8× 1014cm−2. The derived12C/13C abundance ratio in the C3molecules is 20.5 ± 4.2, which is in agreement with the elemental ratio of 20, typically observed in SgrB2(M). However, we find theN(13CCC)/N(C13CC) ratio to be 1.2 ± 0.1, which is shifted from the statistically expected value of two. We propose that the discrepant abundance ratio arises due to the lower zero-point energy of C13CC, which makes position-exchange reaction converting13CCC to C13CC energetically favorable.
Stability studies of GANEX system under different irradiation conditions
Authors: Sánchez-García Iván , Galán Hitos , Perlado Jose Manuel , Cobos Joaquín
Published: November 2019

To demonstrate the robustness of extraction systems against radiolytic degradation is nowadays one of the limiting points to ensure a safe and stable operation for advanced nuclear fuel strategies. In this paper, is addressed the stability of one of most promising extractants (TODGA, N,N,N′,N′-tetraoctyldiglycolamide) but also the importance of designing realistic model to simulate and study the degradation of the systems. For that, new irradiations experiments were carried out where mixture between phases and the oxygen content have been taken into account. Extraction behaviour and composition of the organic phases after γ-irradiation have been measured and compared. Although TODGA studies are applicable to many processes currently under development, this work is focus on Grouped Actinides Extraction (GANEX) process development.
Ground vibrations caused by wind power plant work as environmental pollution - case study
Authors: Borowski Sylwester
Published: November 2019

The paper presents issues related to the impact of wind farms on the environment. Emphasis was placed on vibrations that are transferred to the ground through the foundations. As research has shown - a case study - vibrations are felt up to about 1000 m from wind farms. According to other literature sources, this may affect living organisms in the ground.
The method of assessment and formation the availability of the subsystem ensuring fitness for means of transport
Authors: Borowski Sylwester , Mazurkiewicz Anna , Czyżewska Magda
Published: November 2019

In systems of means of transport operation in order to achieve appropriate completion of assigned transportation tasks it is necessary to maintain a required number of means of transport in the state of availability for carrying out of transportation task (roadworthy and stocked). In general, the processes of rendering vehicles roadworthy are connected to supplying them with fuel and operational materials, carrying out services and repairs, condition diagnostics. In the analyzed system of transport means operation, the processes are carried out in serviceability assurance subsystem SAS. In complex operation systems, the processes of rendering technical objects roadworthy are carried out at specifically designed technical infrastructure posts. The possibility of carrying out the assigned service and repair tasks depends on the availability and the number of such posts. The article presents the method of defining the operational availability and the number of technical infrastructure posts required for appropriate functioning of assigned service and repair task. Then typical calculation results are presented in charts prepared on the basis of data obtained from tests at existing transport means operation system.
Impact of the content of alcohol in petroleum on the level of an unsupercharged engine’s noise
Authors: Kaszkowiak Jerzy , Hujo Lubomir , Jablonicky Juraj
Published: November 2019

The results of the studies conducted on the chassis dynamometer for a vehicle powered with a spark-ignition engine are presented in the study. The tested vehicle was equipped with an unsupercharged engine. There was tested the noise level of the engine powered with ethyl alcohol at variable settings of the fuel injection. In the course of the tests, the dose of fuel was increased within the range from the manufacturer’s settings respectively by: 5%, 10%, 20% 30% and 50% of the nominal dose, and the ignition advance angle with reference to manufacturer’s settings was increased respectively by 00 and 30 . It was found, that the noise level for the engine powered with ethanol decreases together with the increase of the fuel’s dose, (up to about 110% of the nominal dose), and then increases. At the same time, the increase of the noise level for the increased value of the ignition advance angle was found.
Analysis of changes in the value of selected lubricant characteristics during use
Authors: Landowski Bogdan , Baran Monika
Published: November 2019

The problems connected with assessment of value changes of selected lubricants during the operation are addressed in this study. The lubricants which have been analyzed are engine oils used in internal combustion drive units of transport means. Selected results of tests of engine oils used for lubrication of passenger car drive units have been presented. The values of kinematic viscosity were determined for different temperatures. In order to evaluate the impact of the oil operation in real working conditions on the viscosity parameters, oil samples were collected from selected vehicles. The vehicles had been used in natural conditions providing transport services. Measurements of kinematic viscosity were performed by means of a rotary viscometer.
Diagnostics of Solar Cells
Authors: Martynyuk Valeriy , Boiko Juliy , Łukasiewicz Marcin , Kuliś Ewa , Musiał Janusz
Published: November 2019

The paper represents the mathematical model for diagnostics of solar cell. The research objectives are the problem of determining a solar cell technical condition during its operation. The solar cell diagnostics is based on the mathematical model of solar cells. The single-diode solar cell model is characterized by a slight deviation of the theoretically calculated characteristics from the characteristics of the real solar cell, one of the reasons being the complexity of the accurate measurement of the series resistance. The single-diode solar cell model uses the current and voltage ratio in the form of an implicit function and it cannot be solved directly. For its solution it is necessary to use numerical methods. This is main disadvantage of the single-diode solar cell model. The methodological approach to increasing the reliability of the solar cell diagnostic has been proposed, in terms of multi-parameter the solar cell diagnostic by applying the solar cell impedance model.
Principles of Formation of a Vehicle’s Remote Diagnostics
Authors: Muślewski Łukasz , Zinko Roman , Polishchuk Oleg
Published: November 2019

Complex of remote diagnostics and control of an automobile’s nodes enables to remotely control the state of vehicle’s nodes and diagnose malfunctions; control ecological norms and compliance with traffic regulations. Its implementation will allow diagnostics of intermittent malfunctions due to application of the proposed methods of remote diagnostics of an automobile’s nodes as well as to reduce terms of diagnostics significantly due to application of intellectual system of malfunctions detection and due to possibility to control parameters in real time mode. Implementation of the complex will cut unforeseen idle time of vehicles due to preventive control of the tendencies in nodes parameters changes, and due to executing modern repair or replacement of nodes and units. The complex grants safe local and remote access to data and reports by using WebPortal and VPN technologies with possibility to appoint personal right to every user. Due to application of the elaborated methods and the complex that implements it, one can achieve high rate of economic efficiency due to collection of statistic information under conditions of actual exploitation, diagnostics of emerging malfunctions of various difficulty degrees, and making necessary corrections in the structure of an automobile’s nodes prior to serial production launch.
A 2.5D numerical study on open water hydrodynamic performance of a Voith-Schneider propeller
Authors: Bakhtiari Mohammad , Ghassemi Hassan
Published: November 2019

Marine cycloidal propeller (MCP) is a special type of marine propulsors that provides high maneuverability for marine vessels. In a MCP, the propeller axis of rotation is perpendicular to the direction of thrust force. It consists of a number of lifting blade. Each blade rotates about the propeller axis and simultaneously pitches about its own axis. The magnitude and direction of thrust force can be adjusted by controlling the propeller pitch. Voith-Schneider propeller (VSP) is a low-pitch MCP with pure cycloidal blade motion allowing fast, accurate, and stepless control of thrust magnitude and direction. Generally, low-pitch cycloidal propellers are used in applications with low speed maneuvering requirements, such as tugboats, minesweepers, etc. In this study, a 2.5D numerical method based on unsteady RANS equations with SSTk-ωturbulent model was implemented to predict the open water hydrodynamic performance of a VSP for different propeller pitches and blade thicknesses. The numerical method was validated against the experimental data before applying to VSP. The results showed that maximum open water efficiency of a VSP is enhanced by increasing the propeller pitch. Furthermore, the effect of blade thickness on open water efficiency is different at various advance coefficients, so that the maximum efficiency produced by the VSP decreases with increasing blade thickness at different propeller pitches.
1D gas dynamic code for performance prediction of one turbocharger radial turbine with different finite difference schemes
Authors: Ketata Ahmed , Driss Zied , Abid Mohamed Salah
Published: November 2019

The turbine, a key component of a turbocharger, is usually characterized by steady flow solutions. This method seems to be physically unrealistic as the fluid flow within a turbine is strongly unsteady due to the pulsating nature of the flow in the exhaust manifold of a reciprocating engine. This paper presents a new 1D gas dynamic code, written in the FORTRAN language, to characterize a radial turbine of one turbocharger embedded to a small gasoline engine. This code presents the novelty of meanline-1D coupling and the feature of numerical schemes choice. In this study, the turbocharger turbine is simulated with six different finite difference schemes. The computed distribution of the downstream mass flow rate, from the different cases, is compared to test data in order to choose the most suitable scheme. Test data are gathered from a developed test facility. Based on the computed results, unsteady performance of the turbine has been computed and discussed for the different schemes at two engine frequencies of 50 and 83.33 Hz. The results showed a significant impact of the numerical scheme on the 1D prediction of the turbine performance. Results indicated that the MR2LW finite-difference scheme has led to the minimum deviation of the numerical results to test data compared to the other considered schemes.
A comparative study between the Universal Spinal System® (USS) and the CD Horizon® Legacy™ (CDH) in the management of thoracolumbar fractures
Authors: Barakat Ahmed Samir , Elattar Ahmed , Fawaz Khaled , Sultan Ahmed Maher , Koptan Wael , ElMiligui Yasser , Alobaid Abdelrazzaq
Published: November 2019

Introduction: For the treatment of unstable non-osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, the clinical and radiological outcome of short-segment fixation with the USS™ – Universal Spine System (DePuy Orthopedics, Inc., Warsaw, IN, USA) and the CD HORIZON® LEGACY™ 5.5 Spinal System, (Medtronic Sofamor Danek USA, Inc., Memphis, TN, USA) were compared.

Methods: From March 2015 to January 2016, 40 consecutive patients with unstable traumatic thoracolumbar fractures who met our inclusion criteria were treated with either the USS system or CDH Legacy system. Segmental kyphosis angle (SKA) and anterior body height (ABH) of fractured vertebrae, and ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) were evaluated. Radiological fusion was confirmed with plain X-rays and when indicated with computerized tomography (CT).

Results: The mean immediate kyphotic angle correction was 16.6° for the Schanz and 6.4 for the Legacy system, and the immediate mean anterior vertebral body height correction was 0.92 cm for the Schanz and 0.51 cm for the Legacy system. Our study shows a significant statistical difference between Schanz and Legacy systems regarding post-operative segmental kyphosis and height correction immediately postoperatively, at 6 months and at one-year follow-up (p-value < 0.005). The degree of pain reduction and neurological improvement was not influenced by the screw system.

Conclusion: Usage of USS in thoracolumbar fracture as a short-segment fixation led to a near anatomical reduction when compared to the Legacy system. However, there was no advantage regarding pain reduction and neurological outcome.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 4-(Pyridin-3-yl)-2-hydroxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Oleshchuk Alena L. , Shulgau Zarina T. , Seilkhanov Tulegen M. , Vasilchenko Alexey S. , Talipov Samat A. , Kulakov Ivan V.
Published: November 2019

Claisen condensation reaction of diethyl oxalate with 1-[4-(furan-2-yl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-6-phenylpyridin-3-yl]ethan-1-one afforded (Z)-4-[4-(furan-2-yl)-2-methyl-5-nitro-6-phenylpyridin-3-yl]-2-hydroxy-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid. The latter reacted with various binucleo­philes to form the corresponding 3,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2(1H)-one, 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-2-one, and 1H-pyrazole derivatives. Biological screening of the obtained compounds revealed analgesic and antibacterial activity.
First Total Synthesis of Jomthonic Acid A
Authors: Dumpala Mohan , Srinivas Batthula , Radha Krishna Palakodety
Published: November 2019

A stereoselective total synthesis of jomthonic acid A is described. The key features of the synthetic strategy are a Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation, a Gilmann reagent-induced methylation, a Mitsunobu reaction, a Yamaguchi esterification, and an O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate (TBTU)-mediated amide coupling. Jomthonic acid A is an architecturally rare amino acid containing a β-methylphenylalanine residue and a 4-methyl-(2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoate moiety. It shows antidiabetic and antiatherogenic activities when tested against mouse ST-13 preadiopocytes.
Medicolegal Aspects of Craniofacial Trauma
Authors: Vahidi Nima , Wang Weitao , Lee Thomas , Inman Jared , Ducic Yadranko
Published: November 2019

Characterization of complications in facial trauma management is of special interest to practitioners of facial trauma surgery. It is important for facial trauma surgeons to not only understand the standard of care, but also the pitfalls that can expose them to litigation. Litigation within the realm of facial trauma surgery often manifests from issues with poor communication, inadequate informed consent processes, and poor surgical management. In this analysis, we comprehensively examine malpractice litigation in facial trauma surgery, and outline important factors for surgeons to consider in the care of this patient population. It is important for facial trauma surgeons to understand medicolegal issues within their scope of practice. These include principles of informed consent, state regulated statutes of limitation, and Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act laws. This analysis emphasizes the importance of exercising appropriate patient care, understanding the indications for surgery, and seeking counsel when necessary.
Surgical Management of Panfacial Fractures
Authors: Wang Lexie , Lee Thomas S. , Wang Weitao , Yi Dae Ik , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Ducic Yadranko
Published: November 2019

The evaluation and management of a patient with panfacial fractures are multifaceted. Herein, we describe basic facial skeletal anatomy, considerations for airway securing, and common concurrent injuries. Finally, we discuss primary and secondary reconstructions of facial trauma including sequencing of repair, available landmarks, and the utility of intraoperative computed tomography imaging and virtual surgical planning with custom implants.
Dental Injuries and Management
Authors: Reddy Likith V. , Bhattacharjee Ritesh , Misch Emily , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu , Ducic Yadranko
Published: November 2019

Traumatic dental injuries affect 1 to 3% of the population, and disproportionately affect children and adolescents. The management of these injuries incorporates the age of patients, as children between 6 and 13 years of age have a mixed dentition. This helps to preserve the vitality of teeth that may be salvaged after a traumatic event. The clinical examination of these cases involves a thorough examination of the maxilla and mandible for associated fractures and any lodged debris and dislodged teeth or tooth fragments. The objective is to rule out any accidental aspiration or displacement into the nose, sinuses, or soft tissue. After ruling out any complications, the focus is on determining the type of injury to the tooth or teeth involved. These include clinical examination for any color change in the teeth, mobility testing, and testing for pulp vitality. Radiographic evaluation using periapical, occlusal, panoramic radiographs, and cone beam computed tomography is performed to view the effect of trauma on the tooth, root, periodontal ligament, and adjoining bone. The most commonly used classification system for dental trauma is Andreasen's classification and is applied to both deciduous and permanent teeth. Managing dental trauma is based on the type of injury, such as hard tissue and pulp injuries, injuries to periodontal tissue, injuries of the supporting bone, and injuries of the gingiva and oral mucosa. Hard-tissue injuries without the involvement of the pulp typically require restoration only. Any pulp involvement may require endodontic treatment. Fractures involving the alveolar bone or luxation of the tooth require stabilization which is typically achieved with flexible splints. The most common procedures employed in managing dental injuries include root canal/endodontics, surgical tooth repositioning, and flexible splinting. Recognition and treatment of these injuries are necessary to facilitate proper healing and salvage of a patient's natural dentition, reducing future complications to patients.
Management of Complex Mandible Fractures
Authors: Shokri Tom , Misch Emily , Ducic Yadranko , Sokoya Mofiyinfolu
Published: November 2019

Mandible fractures represent a common sequela of craniomaxillofacial trauma encountered by reconstructive surgeons. Management of complex mandibular fractures, and reestablishment of the occlusal relationship, represents a challenging reconstructive endeavor for even the most skilled surgeon. In this article, the authors review the treatment options for particularly complex presentations of this injury pattern.
Complex Wound Management
Authors: Shokri Tom , Kadakia Sameep , Ducic Yadranko
Published: November 2019

Despite the generous blood supply, and resultant healing capacity within the head and neck, complex wounds in this area may be extremely debilitating and present an obstacle to treatment for the reconstructive surgeon. Delayed, incomplete, or otherwise suboptimal wound healing within this anatomical region may lead to both functional and aesthetically displeasing outcomes, resulting in impaired speech or swallowing, social stigma, and, in severe cases, exposure of critical underlying structures. Due to implications, with regard to wound formation following surgical intervention, the facial reconstructive surgeon, in particular, must be familiar with the multitude of treatment modalities available. This article serves as a review of the underlying pathophysiology of wound healing, local and systemic processes that may influence the healing process, and treatments that facilitate tissue restoration while mitigating future complications.