bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel machine learning derived RNA-binding protein gene–based score system predicts prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Zhang Qiangnu , Zhang Yusen , Guo Yusheng , Tang Honggui , Li Mingyue , Liu Liping
Published: December 2021

Background

Although the expression of RNA-binding protein (RBP) genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies and is associated with tumor progression, there has been no overview study with multiple cohorts and large samples. The HCC-associated RBP genes need to be more accurately identified, and their clinical application value needs to be further explored.

Methods

First, we used the robust rank aggregation (RRA) algorithm to extract HCC-associated RBP genes from nine HCC microarray datasets and verified them in The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) cohort and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) Japanese liver cancer (ICGC-LIRI-JP) cohort. In addition, the copy number variation (CNV), single-nucleotide variant (SNV), and promoter-region methylation data of HCC-associated RBP genes were analyzed. Using the random forest algorithm, we constructed an RBP gene–based prognostic score system (RBP-score). We then evaluated the ability of RBP-score to predict the prognosis of patients. The relationships between RBP-score and other clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed.

Results

The RRA algorithm identified 30 RBP mRNAs with consistent expression patterns across the nine HCC microarray datasets. These 30 RBP genes were defined as HCC-associated RBP genes. Their mRNA expression patterns were further verified in the TCGA-LIHC and ICGC-LIRI-JP cohorts. Among these 30 RBP genes, some showed significant copy number gain or loss, while others showed differences in the methylation levels of their promoter regions. Some RBP genes were risk factors or protective factors for the prognosis of patients. We extracted 10 key HCC-associated RBP genes using the random forest algorithm and constructed an RBP-score system. RBP-score effectively predicted the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of HCC patients and was associated with the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, α-fetoprotein (AFP), and metastasis risk. The clinical value of RBP-score was validated in datasets from different platforms. Cox analysis suggested that a high RBP-score was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in HCC patients. We also successfully established a combined RBP-score+TNM LASSO-Cox model that more accurately predicted the prognosis.

Conclusion

The RBP-score system constructed based on HCC-associated RBP genes is a simple and highly effective prognostic evaluation tool. It is suitable for different subgroups of HCC patients and has cross-platform characteristics. Combining RBP-score with the TNM staging system or other clinical parameters can lead to an even greater clinical benefit. In addition, the identified HCC-associated RBP genes may serve as novel targets for HCC treatment.
Ceramic Restorations Based on Zirconium Dioxide for Orthopedic Dentistry
Authors: Muzayeva Alina Anatolyevna , Nuraliev Abulmuslim Magomedovich , Temirova Saida Astanovna , Muzaeva Elena Anatolyevna , Adaev Turpal-Ali Arsanovich , Kudzieva Zarina Vadimovna , Chantiev Muslim Temirkhanovich , Akhmetov Zelimkhan Uvaysovich , Bizhoeva Lyana Khachimovna
Published: December 2021

Currently, ceramics based on solid solutions of zirconium dioxide tetragonal structure are common biomedical materials. In commercially common ceramics of orthopedic dentistry based on zirconium dioxide, the stabilization of the tetragonal shape is achieved by the introduction of yttrium or cerium cations. As a result of this scientific work, a ceramic material based on nanopowders of a system of zirconium dioxide and ytterbium oxide with high strength parameters has been developed. The results of the conducted research allow us to recommend the new Yb–TZP ceramics as an alternative to Y–TZP ceramic materials for restorations in orthopedic dentistry.
Exploring the Role of Neuroscience in Talent Management
Authors: Agarwal Yash , Shree Sonal
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of neuroscience in talent management (TM), discuss and analyze the findings that can have a potential role in the execution of talent strategy in organizations, and bring out the future research agenda. Corporates adopting this science have been found to understand what motivates employees and drives excellence. Neuroscience elucidates how talent strategies can be improved to meet organizations' strategic goals. This paper suggests that such talent management interventions may improve employee engagement and development and calls for further research and thinking. A systematic study on past literature published on Neuroscience, Psychology, Talent Management, L&D was conducted. By applying ideas from the paper, TM professionals can improve talent strategies to meet business objectives. It will also help comprehend and cement the connection between neuroscience and TM. This research has not covered the challenges associated with combining neuroscience and TM. The findings are theoretical and are not supported by quantitative results via primary research.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA DOKTER KEPADA PASIEN DALAM PROSES PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI RSU RAFFA MAJENANG
Authors: Kewas Grace Sinthike , Darmastuti Rini
Published: December 2021

Majenang merupakan kota kecamatan di kota Cilacap yang terletak di ujung paling barat dan berbatasan dengan Jawa Barat. Letak geografis ini membuat budaya yang dimiliki masyarakat Majenang adalah percampuran antara budaya Jawa dan Sunda. Akibatnya, membawa dampak pada komunikasi antarbudaya yang terjadi, termasuk proses komunikasi dalam pelayanan kesehatan yang ada di RSU Raffa, Majenang.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi apa yang digunakan oleh dokter kepada pasien yang berbeda budaya di Rumah Sakit Umum Raffa selama proses pelayanan kesehatan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa pertama, proses komunikasi antarbudaya yang dilakukan oleh dokter dan pasien terjadi dalam bentuk komunikasi verbal dan non verbal. Kedua, Hambatan yang terjadi dalam komunikasi antarbudaya ini adalah hambatan bahasa, persepsi dan budaya. Ketiga, strategi yang digunakan untuk mengatasi hambatan ini adalah dengan menggunakan penerjemah, edukasi pasien, mempelajari budaya dan karakter pasien dan sosialisasi ke desa-desa
MEDIA DAN PENCIPTAAN KEPANIKAN MORAL: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS TERHADAP PEMBERITAAN PANDEMI COVID-19 DI TIRTO.ID
Authors: Benmetan Thomas , Setyowibowo Bhekti
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana pandemi coronavirus dikomunikasikan kepada publik melalui pemberitaan media serta kaitannya dengan konstruksi narasi kepanikan moral.  Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dari pemberitaan media online tirto.id tentang pandemi coronavirus sepanjang Maret hingga Agustus 2020. Dengan menggunakan Analisis Wacana Kritis sebagai metode penelitian, terdapat beberapa temuan menarik dalam studi ini. Pertama, penciptaan narasi kepanikan moral terhadap pandemi coronavirus di Indonesia dilakukan tirto.id dengan cara membingkai berita secara sensasional dan menekankan pada aspek-aspek tertentu dari pandemi sebagai magnifikasi isu.  Kedua, ditemukan juga bahwa kepanikan moral adalah sebuah fenomena akar rumput yang dieskalasi melalui masifnya pemberitaan media. Selain itu, studi ini menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan wacana yang ada merupakan manifestasi dari kuasa media untuk membentuk penerimaan publik terhadap pandemi coronavirus di Indonesia. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini memberikan gambaran bahwa publikasi tirto.id tentang pandemi coronavirus di Indonesia adalah manifestasi dari kekuatan media dalam membangun narasi, memengaruhi pandangan publik dan mendikte informasi.
Vida vigilante:
Authors: De Faria Mateus Aparecido
Published: December 2021

Este ensaio resulta de experiências em pesquisa, eventos e encontros com pessoas da comunidade de lésbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis, transexuais, queer, intersexuais, assexuais e demais identidades. Busco sistematizar uma vida vigilante que tem exemplificado modos de (sobre)vivência desse corpos frente às violências de diversas ordens. As performances de conformação e de transformação, que se alternam nessa vida vigilante, são importante na compreensão de como é possível viver em contextos de extermínio e isolamento.
Her:
Authors: Oliveira Thais Gomes de , Silva Larissa Ramos da
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo tem como ponto de partida o filme “Her”, de Spike Jonze. Com base nele, as autoras desenvolvem uma análise que coloca gênero enquanto foco, utilizando contribuições de autoras/es do campo dos estudos feministas e de gênero. Partindo do pressuposto de que os saberes são sempre parciais e situados, como nos indica Donna Haraway, apresentamos esta possibilidade de leitura. Nesta pesquisa, as categorias “homem” e “mulher” são relativizadas, inspiradas na proposição de ciborgue e, para tanto, o filme é disparador. Problematizamos o binarismo estruturalista que perpassa as relações de gênero, estendendo esta análise para o âmbito da psicanálise e propondo alternativas de leitura que buscam romper com tal lógica.
An open chat with…Takashi Gojobori
Authors: Wright Duncan , Gojobori Takashi
Published: December 2021

Takashi Gojobori was one of the original founding members of the Editorial Board of FEBS Open Bio and is easily one of our most hard‐working editors, having carefully evaluated hundreds of manuscripts on bioinformatics for us over the last decade. Takashi Gojobori received his doctorate at Kyushu University, Japan, before joining the University of Texas Health Science Center as a Research Associate and then Research Assistant Professor. Takashi was formerly the Vice‐Director and Professor of National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Japan, and at present, he is Distinguished Professor of Bioscience and Bioscience Acting Director of the Computational Bioscience Research Center at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Saudi Arabia. Takashi was formerly the Editor‐in‐Chief of the journal Gene and is also a long‐term member of the Editorial Board of FEBS Letters, among other editorial appointments. In honour of his 10 years (and counting!) of service to the journal, we present here this interview with him on his research and experiences.
A General Method to Develop Highly Environmentally Sensitive Fluorescent Probes and AIEgens
Authors: Miao Rong , Li Jing , Wang Chao , Jiang Xuefeng , Gao Ying , Liu Xiaoling , Wang Dan , Li Xin , Liu Xiaogang , Fang Yu
Published: December 2021

Environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes (including AIEgens) play pivotal roles in numerous biological studies. Many of these functional materials are developed based on the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) mechanism. However, the TICT tendency of dialkylated amino groups in biocompatible main‐stream fluorophores (i.e., coumarins and rhodamines) is weak, limiting their sensitivities. Herein, by replacing dialkylated amino donors with an N‐methylpyrrole group to enhance TICT, a simple and general method to engineer highly environmentally sensitive fluorescent probes is reported. This method yields a platter of colorful fluorescent probes that demonstrates outstanding polarity and viscosity sensitivity with large turn‐on ratios (up to 191 times for polarity and 14 times for viscosity), as well as distinct aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. The utilities of these probes in both wash‐free bioimaging and protein detections are also successfully demonstrated. It is expected that this molecular design strategy will inspire the creation of many environmentally sensitive probes.
Smart Nano‐PROTACs Reprogram Tumor Microenvironment for Activatable Photo‐metabolic Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Chi , He Shasha , Zeng Ziling , Cheng Penghui , Pu Kanyi
Published: December 2021

Protease inhibitors can modulate intratumoral metabolic processes to reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which however suffer from the limited efficacy and off‐targeted side effects. We report smart nano‐proteolysis targeting chimeras (nano‐PROTACs) with phototherapeutic ablation and cancer‐specific protein degradation to reprogram the TME for photo‐metabolic cancer immunotherapy. This nano‐PROTAC has a semiconducting polymer backbone linked with a cyclooxygenase 1/2 (COX‐1/2)‐targeting PROTAC peptide (CPP) via a cathepsin B (CatB)‐cleavable segment. CPP can be activated by the tumor‐overexpressed CatB to induce the degradation of COX‐1/2 via the ubiquitin‐proteasome system. The persistent degradation of COX‐1/2 depletes their metabolite prostaglandin E2 which is responsible for activation of immune suppressor cells. Such a smart PROTAC strategy synergized with phototherapy specifically reprograms the immunosuppressive TME and reinvigorates antitumor immunity.
The First Sulfate‐Pillared Hybrid Ultramicroporous Material, SOFOUR‐1‐Zn, and Its Acetylene Capture Properties
Authors: Sensharma Debobroto , O'Hearn Daniel J. , Koochaki Amin , Bezrukov Andrey A. , Kumar Naveen , Wilson Benjamin H. , Vandichel Matthias , Zaworotko Michael J.
Published: December 2021

Hybrid ultramicroporous materials, HUMs, are comprised of metal cations linked by combinations of inorganic and organic ligands. Their modular nature makes them amenable to crystal engineering studies, which have thus far afforded four HUM platforms (as classified by the inorganic linkers). HUMs are of practical interest because of their benchmark gas separation performance for several industrial gas mixtures. We report herein design and gram‐scale synthesis of the prototypal sulfate‐linked HUM, the fsc topology coordination network ([Zn(tepb)(SO4)]n), SOFOUR‐1‐Zn, tepb=(tetra(4‐pyridyl)benzene). Alignment of the sulfate anions enables strong binding to C2H2 via O⋅⋅⋅HC interactions but weak CO2 binding, affording a new benchmark for the difference between C2H2 and CO2 heats of sorption at low loading (ΔQst=24 kJ mol−1). Dynamic column breakthrough studies afforded fuel‐grade C2H2 from trace (1 : 99) or 1 : 1 C2H2/CO2 mixtures, outperforming its SiF62− analogue, SIFSIX‐22‐Zn.
Direct Observation of Ultrafast Proton Rocking in the BLUF Domain
Authors: Kang Xiu‐Wen , Chen Zijing , Zhou Zhongneng , Zhou Yalin , Tang Siwei , Zhang Yifei , Zhang Tianyi , Ding Bei , Zhong Dongping
Published: December 2021

We present direct observation of ultrafast proton rocking in the central motif of a BLUF domain protein scaffold. The mutant design has taken consideration of modulating the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) driving forces by replacing Tyr in the original motif with Trp, in order to remove the interference of a competing electron transfer pathway. Using femtosecond pump–probe spectroscopy and detailed kinetics analysis, we resolved an electron‐transfer‐coupled Grotthuss‐type forward and reverse proton rocking along the FMN–Gln–Trp proton relay chain. The rates of forward and reverse proton transfer are determined to be very close, namely 51 ps vs. 52 ps. The kinetic isotope effect (KIE) constants associated with the forward and reverse proton transfer are 3.9 and 5.3, respectively. The observation of ultrafast proton rocking is not only a crucial step towards revealing the nature of proton relay in the BLUF domain, but also provides a new paradigm of proton transfer in proteins for theoretical investigations.
Comparison of aroma, aroma‐active, and phenolic compounds of crude and refined hazelnut oils
Authors: Kesen Songul , Sonmezdag Ahmet Salih , Kelebek Hasim , Selli Serkan
Published: December 2021

Hazelnut (Corylus avellanaL.) is an important shelled nut with its pleasant aroma. The refining process causes significant changes in the quality attributes of hazelnut oil. The aim of this study was to assess the aroma, aroma‐active, and phenolic compounds of the crude and refined hazelnut oils by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), GC–MS‐olfactometry (GC–MS‐O), and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The antioxidant capacities were also determined by DPPH and ABTS methods. Results showed that terpenes and aldehydes constituted a significant portion of the aroma profile. Refining process dramatically reduced the numbers (from 63 to 25) and amounts of aroma compounds (from 36,769 to 4461 μg/kg). Similarly, the numbers of aroma‐active compounds were reduced from 22 to 8 by the refining process. Their flavor dilution factors ranged from 2 to 1024 for crude oil and from 2 to 32 in the refined oil. As of the phenolics, five and two compounds were quantified in the crude and refined oil samples, respectively. In sum, the refining process had a considerable adverse effect on the aroma, aroma‐active, and phenolic constituents of the hazelnut oil; hence, the refining process has to be planned with minimal negative effect on its organoleptic properties.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant control for fractional‐order fuzzy financial time‐delay system
Authors: Sundarrajan Senpagam , Palanisami Dhanalakshmi
Published: December 2021

This work is allocated to investigate the problem of stabilization and fault tracking of fractional‐order (FO) fuzzy financial time‐delay system. And some situations that affect or collapse the whole system are taken into account as faults in system states. Precisely, an observer‐based controller that incorporates the estimated‐fault is introduced into the addressed system to handle these kinds of faults, and is called fuzzy fault‐tolerant controller. Moreover, a novel class of linear‐matrix‐inequality (LMI) constrains are derived forasymptotic stability of addressed system by using Lyapunov–Krasovskii (LK) functional employee. At last, a numerical example part includes two samples are given to assist the derived theoretical results.
Insights on the Corrosion and Degradation of MXenes as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liang Hongxing , Liu Jing
Published: December 2021

MXenes, known as the graphene‐like two‐dimensional transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, or nitrides, have been considered as promising electrocatalysts to replace benchmark Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite the success in fabricating MXenes, their application in catalysis still faces great challenges. One critical drawback is the rapid corrosion and structural evolution of MXenes during storage and HER. In this work, the corrosion and structural evolution of various MXenes in air, aqueous colloidal solutions, and under HER conditions are reviewed. The degradation/structural mechanism of MXenes and effects of structural evolution on the HER activity are in dispute. Preliminary protocols are proposed for future MXene storage and design for HER application. This review provides valuable information to better prevent corrosion of MXenes before and after servicing as HER catalysts, and to interpret the obtained HER performance for MXenes in the view of corrosion/structural evolution.
Indeno[2,1‐a]fluorene‐11,12‐dione Radical Anions: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties
Authors: Wang Jie , Ruan Huapeng , Hu Zhaobo , Wang Wenqing , Zhao Yue , Wang Xinping
Published: December 2021

The one‐electron reduction of indeno[2,1‐a]fluorene‐11,12‐dione (IF) with various alkali metals prepare the radical anion salts. The data about different structures, properties, and characterization was obtained by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements, and physical property measurement system (PPMS). Compound IF.−K+(18‐c‐6) is regarded as a one‐dimensional magnetic chain through C−H⋅⋅⋅C interaction. Theoretical calculations and magnetic results showed that [IF.−K+(15‐c‐5)]2 is a dimer with an open‐shell ground state. Compounds IF.−Na+(15‐c‐5) and IF.−K+(cryptand) are monoradical anion salts: IF2.−Li+ possesses unique π‐stack structure with an interplanar separation less than 3.46 Å, making it a semiconductor (δRT=1.9×10−4 S ⋅ cm−1). This work gives insights into multifunctional radical anions, and describes the design and development of different functional radicals.
Gas Phase Preparation of the Elusive Monobridged Ge(μ‐H)GeH Molecule through Nonadiabatic Reaction Dynamics
Authors: Yang Zhenghai , Sun Bing‐Jian , He Chao , Fatimah Siti , Chang Agnes H. H. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: December 2021

The hitherto elusive monobridged Ge(μ‐H)GeH (X1A′) molecule was prepared in the gas phase by bimolecular reaction of atomic germanium with germane (GeH4). Electronic structure calculations revealed that this reaction commenced on the triplet surface with the formation of a van der Waals complex, followed by insertion of germanium into a germanium‐hydrogen bond over a submerged barrier to form the triplet digermanylidene intermediate (HGeGeH3); the latter underwent intersystem crossing from the triplet to the singlet surface. On the singlet surface, HGeGeH3 predominantly isomerized through two successive hydrogen shifts prior to unimolecular decomposition to Ge(μ‐H)GeH isomer, which is in equilibrium with the vinylidene‐type (H2GeGe) and dibridged (Ge(μ‐H2)Ge) isomers. This reaction leads to the formation of cyclic dinuclear germanium molecules, which do not exist on the isovalent C2H2 surface, thus deepening our understanding of the role of nonadiabatic reaction dynamics in preparing nonclassical, hydrogen‐bridged isomers carrying main group XIV elements.
Consider how partnerships with industry will enhance your institution — not erode it
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2021

“We have to recognize that everyone cares about future gainful, fulfilling, living wage employment with a career path. I'm now a total believer that short term certificate programs and credentials are a good thing, provided your institution can stack those [credentials] and go somewhere [with them], so we can keep the dream of a bachelor's degree, and even a master's degree, alive,” Kai Drekmeier, Founder and Chief Development Officer at Inside Track, said.
Support degree reclamation with disaggregated data, degree mining
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2021

About 36 million adults in the United States have accrued some college credits but have not yet earned a degree. Degrees When Due, an initiative out of the Institute for Higher Education Policy, a non‐profit nonpartisan research and advocacy organization, looks to empower campuses by offering them tools to help degree reclamation efforts at institutions.
Retaliation
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: December 2021

An overview of the key topics faced by disability services providers with citations to noteworthy cases, statutes, regulations, and additional sources.
The visual ecology of selective predation: Are unhealthy hosts less stealthy hosts?
Authors: Wale Nina , Fuller Rebecca C. , Johnsen Sönke , Turrill McKenna L. , Duffy Meghan. A.
Published: December 2021

Predators can strongly influence disease transmission and evolution, particularly when they prey selectively on infected hosts. Although selective predation has been observed in numerous systems, why predators select infected prey remains poorly understood. Here, we use a mathematical model of predator vision to test a long‐standing hypothesis about the mechanistic basis of selective predation in a Daphnia–microparasite system, which serves as a model for the ecology and evolution of infectious diseases. Bluegill sunfish feed selectively on Daphnia infected by a variety of parasites, particularly in water uncolored by dissolved organic carbon. The leading hypothesis for selective predation in this system is that infection‐induced changes in the transparency of Daphnia render them more visible to bluegill. Rigorously evaluating this hypothesis requires that we quantify the effect of infection on the visibility of prey from the predator's perspective, rather than our own. Using a model of the bluegill visual system, we show that three common parasites, Metschnikowia bicuspidata, Pasteuria ramosa, and Spirobacillus cienkowskii, decrease the transparency of Daphnia, rendering infected Daphnia darker against a background of bright downwelling light. As a result of this increased brightness contrast, bluegill can see infected Daphnia at greater distances than uninfected Daphnia—between 19% and 33% further, depending on the parasite. Pasteuria and Spirobacillus also increase the chromatic contrast of Daphnia. These findings lend support to the hypothesis that selective predation by fish on infected Daphnia could result from the effects of infection on Daphnia's visibility. However, contrary to expectations, the visibility of Daphnia was not strongly impacted by water color in our model. Our work demonstrates that models of animal visual systems can be useful in understanding ecological interactions that impact disease transmission.
Elucidating how the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) diffused spatiotemporally among different landscapes in north Taiwan, 2008–2015
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hsien , Wen Tzai‐Hung , Liu Yi‐Huei , Huang Rong‐Nan , Liu Helen Kang‐Huey
Published: December 2021

Solenopsis invicta Buren, also known as the red imported fire ant (RIFA), has had a large negative impact on human and livestock health. However, few studies have further investigated the influence of human land use, which is an important factor affecting the habitats of insects, on the expansion of RIFAs. In addition, there is a lack of knowledge of the empirical associations between RIFA diffusion and land use within countries. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to provide an approach to delineate the areas of RIFA infestations and explore how land use influences the spatiotemporal diffusion of S. invicta. We used RIFA data from 2008 to 2015 from the RIFA surveillance system, which was conducted by the National RIFA Control Center in Taiwan. Two regions in Taiwan with different RIFA infestation levels were investigated. The ordinary kriging method was applied to show the spatial intensity of RIFAs, and the extreme distance estimator method was applied to determine the critical dispersal distances, which showed the distance of the highest probability of RIFAs in two consecutive years. In addition, network analyses were used to identify RIFA invasion routes between land‐use types. Finally, bivariate local indicators of spatial association were used to capture the invasion process in time and space. The results showed, paddy fields, main roads, and warehouses were identified as the top three land‐use types of diffusion sources. On average, the critical RIFA dispersal distances were 600 and 650 m in two consecutive years in high‐ and low‐infestation regions, respectively. Finally, RIFAs were likely to diffuse between main roads and warehouses in the low‐infestation region. Therefore, it is suggested that RIFA control activities be implemented at least 600 m from the observed spot. Additionally, control activities should be conducted on the identified three land‐use types of diffusion sources in the high‐infestation region, and the roadsides between main roads and warehouses in the low‐infestation region to prevent the accidental spread of RIFAs.
Reactions of Imidazolio‐Phosphides with Organotin Chlorides: Surprisingly Diverse
Authors: Goerigk Florian , Birchall Nicholas , Feil Christoph M. , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich
Published: December 2021

Reactions of primary imidazolio‐phosphides (“imidazolylidene‐phosphinidenes”) with R2SnCl2 yield as main products spectroscopically detectable Lewis pairs which undergo base‐induced dehydrochlorination in the presence of excess dichlorostannane to afford zwitterionic chloride adducts of distannylated imidazolio‐phosphines. In contrast, reactions with R3SnCl proceed under dismutation to furnish mixtures containing imidazolium salts and stannylated (oligo)phosphines P(SnR3)3 and P7(SnR3)3, respectively. DFT studies were used to rationalize the divergent behavior based on the presumption that the reactions proceed under thermodynamic control and the products observed represent the most stable species under the specific reaction conditions. Computational simulation of selected reaction steps provides a model mechanism for Lewis‐acid promoted creation of PP‐bonds, which is a prerequisite for oligophosphine formation. The computational studies further highlight parallels between reactions of imidazolio‐phosphides with Lewis and Brønsted acids, and allow also to extrapolate the behavior of the P‐nucleophiles towards other electrophiles than organotin chlorides.
Effects of salmon cartilage proteoglycan on obesity in mice fed with a high‐fat diet
Authors: Hirose Shouhei , Asano Krisana , Harada Seiyu , Takahashi Tatsuji , Kondou Eriko , Ito Kenichi , Iddamalgoda Arunasiri , Nakane Akio
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the effects of salmon nasal cartilage proteoglycan (PG), which shows anti‐inflammatory properties, on obesity induced by high‐fat diet (HFD) in a mouse model. Mice were fed either a HFD or normal diet (ND), with or without PG, for 8–12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the body weight of mice fed with PG‐free HFD was 54.08 ± 4.67 g, whereas that of mice fed with HFD containing PG was 41.83 ± 4.97 g. The results suggest that the increase in body weight was attenuated in mice fed with HFD containing PG. This effect was not observed in mice fed with ND. The PG administration suppressed the elevation of serum lipids (the level of serum lipids ranged between 54% and 69% compared to 100% in mice fed with PG‐free HFD) and the upregulated mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c), which is a transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of lipogenic gene expression in the liver (the expression level was 77.5% compared to 100% in mice fed with PG‐free HFD). High leptin levels in mice fed with PG‐free HFD were observed during fasting (average at 14,376 ng/ml), and they did not increase after refeeding (average of 14,263 ng/ml), whereas serum leptin levels in mice fed with HFD containing PG were low during fasting (average of 6481 ng/ml) and increased after refeeding (average 13,382 ng/ml). These results suggest that PG feeding has an anti‐obesity effect and that the regulation of SREBP‐1c and leptin secretion play a role in this effect.
Every mother and every fetus matters: A positive pregnancy test = multiple offerings of reproductive risk screening for personal, family, and specific obstetrical‐fetal conditions
Authors: Wilson R. Douglas
Published: December 2021

Objective

To focus on the evidence‐based screening test options and timing as part of the overall “pregnant‐woman‐centered” preconception and prenatal care journey. The requirement and need for a focused “pregnant‐woman‐centered” prenatal care process with time for informed consent and shared decision making are important for optimal prenatal care.

Methods

A structured quality improvement (QI) review (Squire 2.0) was undertaken to examine the appropriate reproductive screening process in the periods of preconception and during pregnancy.

Results

First, the broader prenatal care structure was evaluated which, second, enabled the directed reproductive risk screening processes to be offered within an informed consent process. Four international preconception and prenatal evidence‐based guidance consensus would routinely offer specific gestational age reproductive risk screening elements: totaling 21 screening elements (three preconception; nine first trimester; three second trimester; four third trimester; one intrapartum; and one postpartum).

Conclusion

The best evidence‐based opportunity for comprehensive and collaborative prenatal care with appropriate screening elements requires: a single national access healthcare system; expert evidence‐based guideline creation; collaborative maternity care providers based for risk assessment, triage, and management; a pregnant‐woman‐centered care model of maternity care; clearly identified evidence‐based gestational age directed screening elements; international preconception and prenatal guideline consensus.
Role of apolipoprotein E in suppressing oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus patients and mouse model
Authors: Li Ming , Hou Xiuzhen , Zhang Rongju , Zheng Xinying , Dang Wanli
Published: December 2021

Objective

To address the relationship between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods

Fifty pregnant women diagnosed with GDM and normal pregnant women were recruited separately and their blood and placental tissue were collected. Western blot assay, qRT‐PCR assay and ELISA were used to detect the expression levels of ApoE and other oxidative stress factors in these samples. ApoE−/− mice with a C57BL/6J background were used to evaluate the relationship between ApoE deficiency and oxidative stress during GDM.

Results

Serum and placental ApoE were both down‐regulated in GDM patients (serum: 45.25 ± 19.27 μg/ml for GDM and 96.34 ± 24.05 μg/ml for control; placental: 14.49 ± 6.52 ng/mg tissue for GDM and 48.76 ± 13.59 ng/mg tissue for control). There was a statistical correlation between placental ApoE level and oxidative stress in GDM (r = −0.4904 with MDA, −0.4258 with NO, 0.4476 with SOD, 0.6316 with GSH). ApoE deficiency exacerbated blood glucose, insulin anomaly and oxidative stress in placenta in GDM mouse models. Placental Apo E deficiency correlates to oxidative stress in GDM.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we innovatively revealed the relationship between ApoE and GDM oxidative stress among GDM patients in this study.
SOX4 induces drug resistance of colorectal cancer cells by downregulating CYLD through transcriptional activation of microRNA‐17
Authors: Pan Shuang , Bao Dongyan , Li Yao , Liu Dahua , Quan Shuai , Wang Rong
Published: December 2021

Exposure to high doses of anticancer drugs can induce the emergence of a subpopulation of weakly proliferative and drug‐tolerant cells. Drug tolerance can reduce the benefits obtained from canonical treatment and reduce the survival rate of patients. Regulation of SRY‐related HMG box transcription factor 4 (SOX4) has been proved to affect drug sensitivity. The current study aimed to explore the role of SOX4 in drug resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells as well as the related molecular mechanisms. Expression patterns of SOX4, microRNA‐17 (miR‐17), and CYLD in both CRC tissues and cells were determined with their relationship analyzed by bioinformatics analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay, and ChIP. Loss‐ and gain‐function assays were performed to ascertain the effect of SOX4, miR‐17, and CYLD on biological cellular processes and drug resistance to 5‐FU. SOX4 and miR‐17 were found to be highly expressed while CYLD was poorly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. Silencing of SOX4 resulted in the suppression of cellular proliferation, invasion, migration as well as a reduction in CRC drug resistance. Mechanically, CYLD was specifically targeted by miR‐17, while SOX4 upregulated the expression of miR‐17. Functionally, SOX4 triggered drug resistance of CRC cells to 5‐FU through the miR‐17/CYLD axis. Taken together, the key findings of the present study provides evidence suggesting that SOX4 elevates miR‐17 to decrease CYLD, thus inducing chemotherapy resistance of CRC cells.
p65/RelA NF‐κB fragments generated by RIPK3 activity regulate tumorigenicity, cell metabolism, and stemness characteristics
Authors: Touil Yasmine , Latreche‐Carton Céline , Bouazzati Hassiba El , Nugues Anne‐Lucie , Jouy Nathalie , Thuru Xavier , Laine William , Lepretre Frederic , Figeac Martin , Tardivel Meryem , Kluza Jérôme , Idziorek Thierry , Quesnel Bruno
Published: December 2021

Receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) can induce necroptosis, apoptosis, or cell proliferation and is silenced in several hematological malignancies. We previously reported that RIPK3 activity independent of its kinase domain induces caspase‐mediated p65/RelA cleavage, resulting in N‐terminal 1‐361 and C‐terminal 362‐549 fragments. We show here that a noncleavable p65/RelA D361E mutant expressed in DA1‐3b leukemia cells decreases mouse survival times and that coexpression of p65/RelA fragments increases the tumorigenicity of B16F1 melanoma cells. This aggressiveness in vivo did not correlate with NF‐κB activity measured in vitro. The fragments and p65/RelA D361E mutant induced different expression profiles in DA1‐3b and B16F1 cells. Stemness markers were affected: p65/RelA D361E increased ALDH activity in DA1‐3b cells, and fragment expression increased melanoma sphere formation in B16/F1 cells. p65/RelA fragments and the D361E noncleavable mutant decreased oxidative or glycolytic cell metabolism, with differences observed between models. Thus, p65/RelA cleavage initiated by kinase‐independent RIPK3 activity in cancer cells is not neutral and induces pleiotropic effects in vitro and in vivo that may vary across tumor types.
COVID‐19 in our lives: Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, and reflexivity in present concerns and perception of the future
Authors: Gattino Silvia , Rizzo Marco , Gatti Flora , Compare Christian , Procentese Fortuna , Guarino Antonella , Di Napoli Immacolata , Barbieri Irene , Fedi Angela , Aresi Giovanni , Marta Elena , Marzana Daniela , Prati Gabriele , Rochira Alessia , Tzankova Iana , Albanesi Cinzia
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the association between citizens' perceptions of the effectiveness of the institutional response, their connection and responsibility to their community (Sense of Community—SoC; Sense of Community Responsibility—SoC‐R), and their personal and social concerns about the current emergency and their perceptions of a postpandemic future during the first COVID‐19 pandemic lockdown. Another variable considered was the personal reflexivity about the COVID‐19 pandemic. 3925 Italian adults completed an online questionnaire during the first COVID‐19 lockdown. A structural equation model with mediation was tested. Institutional effectiveness was associated with SoC, SoC‐R, current social concerns, and perceptions of a postpandemic future. SoC and SoC‐R were associated with current personal and social concerns, and perceptions of a postpandemic future. Reflexivity was negatively associated with SoC and positively associated with SoC‐R, mediating the relationships between SoC, SoC‐R and current personal and social concerns and perceptions of a postpandemic future. Findings indicate the need to adopt a perspective that considers individual and socio‐political levels and their interaction to better understand the impact of the pandemic during a national lockdown.
Transcription factor GlbHLH regulates hyphal growth, stress resistance, and polysaccharide biosynthesis in Ganoderma lucidum
Authors: Yang Yingyin , Zhang Yifan , He Jiahao , Wu Qingping , Li Yanzeng , Li Weipeng , Zhou Gaoli , Kamol Rajabov , Yang Xiaobing
Published: December 2021

Basic helix‐loop‐helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) participate in many physiological and cellular processes in eukaryotes. However, their functions remain unclear in the macro basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum). In this study, a gene encoding bHLH TF, GlbHLH, was identified in G. lucidum. The knockdown of GlbHLH by RNA interference reduced hyphal growth, hyphal branching, and resistant to osmotic, oxidative, and cell wall stress. The content of cell wall components β‐1,3 glucan and chitin and the expression of their synthesis genes were decreased in the GlbHLH knockdown strains. The knockdown of GlbHLH led to an increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species by decreasing the enzyme activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, the production of intracellular polysaccharides and extracellular polysaccharides was greatly decreased in the GlbHLH mutants. These results suggested that GlbHLH is involved in hyphal growth, stress response, and polysaccharide biosynthesis in G. lucidum.
Variations in Eurasian surface air temperature over multiple timescales and their possible causes
Authors: Qiao Liang , Zuo Zhiyan , Xiao Dong , Bu Lulei , Zhang Kaiwen
Published: December 2021

This paper uses monthly surface air temperature (SAT) data from the Climatic Research Unit dataset and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 multimodel ensemble simulations to investigate the variations in the annual‐mean and four seasons SAT across the Eurasian and North Africa landmasses and the possible causes. The SAT over multiple timescales has significant seasonal and regional differences. The trend, variance of decadal variation (DV), and variance of interannual variability (IV) show that the differences between Siberia and mid‐low latitudes are much larger in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The SAT exhibits a robust warming trend over Siberia in winter (0.21–0.42°C·decade−1) than over mid–low latitudes in summer (<0.07°C·decade−1). The cause is the combined diversity effects of greenhouse gases (GHG) and anthropogenic aerosols (AA) in four seasons over different regions. The warming trend of Siberia in winter is affected by the combination of strong warming effect by GHG and the weak cooling effect by AA, and the trend of mid–low latitudes in summer is opposite. The leading modes of the DV show a consistent spatial pattern over the whole Eurasia in four seasons while the IV show a meridional dipole pattern across 40°N except in summer. The internal climate variability is the main driver of the SAT IV and DV, but the effect of anthropogenic activity and natural forcing may reinforce the IV and DV in some regions. The combined role of GHG and AA forcings can significantly enlarge the DV in many parts of Eurasia, and the AA and natural forcing have significant effect on the IV in the high latitudes.
Influence of retreating Barents–Kara sea ice on the periodicity of El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Heo Eun‐Sook , An Soon‐Il , Ringgaard Ida Margrethe , Yang Shuting , Christensen Jens Hesselbjerg , Sung Mi‐Kyung
Published: December 2021

The abrupt decline in sea ice in the Barents–Kara (BK) Sea because of global warming has been argued to influence not only higher latitudes but also the tropics. Using EC‐Earth model simulations, we demonstrated that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) period becomes longer when BK sea ice substantially decreases. As BK sea ice was forcibly reduced through nudging experiments, the mean Walker circulation shifted to the west, and the zonal sea surface temperature contrast in the tropical Pacific was enhanced. Consequently, the western Pacific mean thermocline became deeper, which reduced the sensitivity of oceanic wave response to wind forcing. Therefore, the oceanic Kelvin waves reflected by ENSO‐induced surface winds, a primary delayed negative feedback factor, were significantly weakened. Thus, ENSO phases could be sustained for longer.
Fully printed organic solar modules with bottom and top silver nanowire electrodes
Authors: Tam Kai Cheong , Kubis Peter , Maisch Philipp , Brabec Christoph J. , Egelhaaf Hans‐Joachim
Published: December 2021

One of the advantages of organic photovoltaics (OPV) over other contemporary technologies is its relative ease of processing. There are, however, very few works that have realized fully printed devices, including the bottom electrode, let alone with a scalable process in a reasonable device size (>1 cm2). In this work, design steps and optimization processes towards fully printed OPV modules with scalable processes are demonstrated for the first time. An overview on issues related to upscaling with printed electrodes is first provided. The various issues are then addressed by a rational design process supported by measurements and calculations. Finally, a set of fully printed OPV modules are fabricated using these optimized parameters that have over 3.5‐cm2 active area with 5% efficiency. For the first time, this work has also demonstrated the process compatibility of fully printed device structures with non‐fullerene acceptor systems, which enables more design opportunities for the current generation of high‐performance OPV materials.
How socioeconomic and clinical factors impact prostate‐cancer‐specific and other‐cause mortality in prostate cancer stratified by clinical stage: Competing‐risk analysis
Authors: He Hairong , Han Didi , Xu Fengshuo , Lyu Jun
Published: December 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of death and risk factors of prostate‐cancer‐specific mortality (PCSM) and other‐cause mortality (OCM) at different clinical stages using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Methods

The characteristics and cause‐specific death classifications of males with prostate cancer (PCa) were extracted. Multivariate competing‐risk regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors and quantify the cumulative incidence of PCSM and OCM at different clinical stages.

Results

Of the 244,433 PCa patients who were included, 19,274 died from 7356 PCSM, and 11,918 from OCM. The proportion of PCSM gradually increased from 2010 to 2016. The risk factors for PCSM in the localized PCa stage included older age, not being married, living in a county with higher poverty rates, and higher PSA levels and Gleason scores. Meanwhile, Medicaid and lower education levels were the additional risk factors of OCM. The risk factors for PCSM in the regional PCa stage included older age, not being married, Medicaid, living in a county with higher poverty rates, and higher PSA levels and Gleason scores. Meanwhile, the income level did not affect OCM risk. The risk factors for PCSM in the distant metastatic PCa stage included a separated/divorced/widowed marital status, Medicaid, and higher PSA levels and Gleason scores. Meanwhile, older age, an unmarried or separated/divorced/widowed marital status, and higher PSA levels were risk factors for OCM. In addition, receiving both surgery and radiation was worse than just receiving surgery for PCa specific survival in localized and regional PCa patients.

Conclusion

Some pretreatment and treatment factors may influence OCM that are not identical to those for PCSM at the corresponding stage. Decision‐makers and managers should fully consider OCM to maximize treatment benefits for PCa.