bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fusion Bonding Technique for Solvent‐Free Fabrication of All‐Solid‐State Battery with Ultrathin Sulfide Electrolyte
Authors: Hu Lei , Ren Yulang , Wang Ciwei , Li Jiedong , Wang Zehai , Sun Fu , Ju Jiangwei , Ma Jun , Han Pengxian , Dong Shanmu , Cui Guanglei
Published: May 2024

For preparing next‐generation sulfide all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs), the solvent‐free manufacturing process has huge potential for the advantages of economic, thick electrode, and avoidance of organic solvents. However, the dominating solvent‐free process is based on the fibrillation of polytetrafluoroethylene, suffering from poor mechanical property and electrochemical instability. Herein, a continuously solvent‐free paradigm of fusion bonding technique is developed. A percolation network of thermoplastic polyamide (TPA) binder with low viscosity in viscous state is constructed with Li6PS5Cl (LPSC) by thermocompression (≤5 MPa), facilitating the formation of ultrathin LPSC film (≤25 µm). This composite sulfide film (CSF) exhibits excellent mechanical properties, ionic conductivity (2.1 mS cm−1), and unique stress‐dissipation to promote interface stabilization. Thick LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 cathode can be prepared by this solvent‐free method and tightly adhered to CSF by interfacial fusion of TPA for integrated battery. This integrated ASSB shows high‐energy‐density feasibility (>2.5 mAh cm−2 after 1400 cycles of 9200 h and run for more than 10 000 h), and energy density of 390 Wh kg−1 and 1020 Wh L−1. More specially, high‐voltage bipolar cell (≥8.5 V) and bulk‐type pouch cell (326 Wh kg−1) are facilely assembled with good cycling performance. This work inspires commercialization of ASSBs by a solvent‐free method and provides beneficial guiding for stable batteries.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Markovnikov Hydroarylation of Arylcyclobutene: A Route to gem‐Diaryl‐Substituted Cyclobutanes
Authors: Wang Xiuhong , Sun Zhening , Wang Juanjuan , Zheng Zhaojing , Lu Hong , Wei Hao
Published: May 2024

A regioselective Markovnikov hydroarylation of arylcyclobutene has been developed using Brønsted acid catalysis through a protonation/Friedel‐Crafts sequence. The metal‐free catalytic reaction is operationally simple and feasible compared to previous reports that utilized elaborate arylcyclobutene and specific polyfluorinated reagents, affording a variety of gem‐diaryl‐ substituted arylcyclobutene in good yields. The possible mechanism of the reaction has been explored through step‐by‐step control experiments. This protocol involving indole in gem‐diaryl‐substituted cyclobutene scaffolds not only enriches the applications of Brønsted acid catalyzed hydroarylation, but also paves the way for a more extensive access to potential bioactive cyclobutanes structures.
Concealing Organic Neuromorphic Devices with Neuronal‐Inspired Supported Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Ausilio Chiara , Lubrano Claudia , Rana Daniela , Matrone Giovanni Maria , Bruno Ugo , Santoro Francesca
Published: May 2024

Neurohybrid systems have gained large attention for their potential as in vitro and in vivo platform to interrogate and modulate the activity of cells and tissue within nervous system. In this scenario organic neuromorphic devices have been engineered as bioelectronic platforms to resemble characteristic neuronal functions. However, aiming to a functional communication with neuronal cells, material synthesis, and surface engineering can yet be exploited for optimizing bio‐recognition processes at the neuromorphic‐neuronal hybrid interface. In this work, artificial neuronal‐inspired lipid bilayers have been assembled on an electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) to resemble post‐synaptic structural and functional features of living synapses. Here, synaptic conditioning has been achieved by introducing two neurotransmitter‐mediated biochemical signals, to induce an irreversible change in the device conductance thus achieving Pavlovian associative learning. This new class of in vitro devices can be further exploited for assembling hybrid neuronal networks and potentially for in vivo integration within living neuronal tissues.
In‐Situ Ultrafast Construction of Zinc Tungstate Interface Layer for Highly Reversible Zinc Anodes
Authors: Cao Jin , Wu Haiyang , Zhang Dongdong , Luo Ding , Zhang Lulu , Yang Xuelin , Qin Jiaqian , He Guanjie
Published: May 2024

Constructing artificial solid electrolyte interface on the Zn anode surface is recognized as an appealing method to inhibit zinc dendrites and side reactions, whereas the current techniques are complex and time‐consuming. Here, a robust and zincophilic zinc tungstate (ZnWO4) layer has been in situ constructed on the Zn anode surface (denoted as ZWO@Zn) by an ultrafast chemical solution reaction. Comprehensive characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the ZWO layer can effectively modulate the interfacial electric field distribution and promote the Zn2+ uniform diffusion, thus facilitating the uniform Zn2+ nucleation and suppressing zinc dendrites. Besides, ZWO layer can prevent direct contact between the Zn/water and increase the hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential to eliminate side reactions. Consequently, the in situ constructed ZWO layer facilitates remarkable reversibility in the ZWO@Zn||Ti battery, achieving an impressive Coulombic efficiency of 99.36 % under 1.0 mA cm−2, unprecedented cycling lifespan exceeding 1800 h under 1.0 mA cm−2 in ZWO@Zn||ZWO@Zn battery, and a steady and reliable operation of the overall ZWO@Zn||VS2 battery. The work provides a simple, low cost, and ultrafast pathway to crafting protective layers for driving advancements in aqueous zinc‐metal batteries.
Gasphasenbildung von Schwefliger Säure (H2SO3) in der Atmosphäre
Authors: Berndt Torsten , Hoffmann Erik H. , Tilgner Andreas , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: May 2024

Schweflige Säure (H2SO3) ist dafür bekannt, dass sie thermodynamisch instabil ist und in SO2 und H2O zerfällt. Alle Versuche, diese schwer zugängliche Säure in Lösung nachzuweisen, sind bisher gescheitert. Berichte über die Bildung von H2SO3 ausgehend von Experimenten in einem Massenspektrometer sowie Ergebnisse aus theoretischen Berechnungen deuten jedoch auf eine mögliche kinetische Stabilität in der Gasphase hin. Hier wird experimentell gezeigt, dass H2SO3 bei der OH Radikal initiierten Gasphasenoxidation von Methansulfinsäure (CH3S(O)OH) bei 295±0,5 K und 1 bar Luft mit einer molaren Ausbeute von
 % entsteht. Weitere Hauptprodukte sind SO2, SO3 und Methansulfonsäure. CH3S(O)OH ist ein wichtiges Zwischenprodukt bei der Oxidation von Dimethylsulfid in der Atmosphäre. Globale Modellierungen zeigen eine jährliche H2SO3 Produktion von ∼8 Millionen Tonnen aus der Reaktion OH+CH3S(O)OH. Der untersuchte H2SO3 Zerfall in Anwesenheit von Wasserdampf ergab k(H2O+H2SO3) <3×10−18 cm3 Molekül−1 s−1, was auf eine Lebensdauer von mindestens einer Sekunde für atmosphärische Feuchtebedingungen hinweist. Diese Arbeit liefert den experimentellen Beweis dafür, dass H2SO3 nach seiner Bildung in der Gasphase kinetisch ausreichend stabil ist, um seine Charakterisierung und nachfolgende Reaktionen zu gestatten.
An In‐Situ‐Tag‐Generation Proximity Labeling Technology for Recording Cellular Interactions
Authors: Yao Yunyan , Jia Ru , Liu Chuanming , Wang Haiqi , Li Ting , Zheng Xiaocui , Zhong Tong , Feng Nan , Sun Jiahui , Li Ke , Xie Ran , Ding Lijun , Yan Chao , Ding Lin , Ju Huangxian
Published: May 2024

Obtaining information about cellular interactions is fundamental to the elucidation of physiological and pathological processes. Proximity labeling technologies have been widely used to report cellular interactions in situ; however, the reliance on addition of tag molecules typically restricts their application to regions where tags can readily diffuse, while the application in, for example, solid tissues, is susceptible. Here, we propose an “in‐situ‐tag‐generation mechanism” and develop the GalTag technology based on galactose oxidase (GAO) for recording cellular interactions within three‐dimensional biological solid regions. GAO mounted on bait cells can in situ generate bio‐orthogonal aldehyde tags as interaction reporters on prey cells. Using GalTag, we monitored the dynamics of cellular interactions and assessed the targeting ability of engineered cells. In particular, we recorded, for the first time, the footprints of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) invasion into the bladder tissue of living mice, providing a valuable perspective to elucidate the anti‐tumor mechanism of BCG.
Bottom‐up Growth of Convex Sphere with Adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) Interfaces for Effective C2 Production from CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Liu Huan , Yang Chenghan , Bian Tong , Yu Huijun , Zhou Yuming , Zhang Yiwei
Published: May 2024

One challenge confronting the Cu2O catalysts in the electrocatalysis of carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) is the reduction of active Cu(I) species, resulting in low selectivity and quick deactivation. In this study, we for the first time introduce a bottom‐up growth of convex sphere with adjustable Cu(0)/Cu(I) interfaces (Cux@Cu2O convex spheres). Interestingly, the interfaces are dynamically modulated by varying hydrothermal time, thus regulating the conversion of C1 and C2 products. In particular, the 4 h hydrothermal treatment applied to Cu0.25@Cu2O convex sphere with the favorable Cu(0)/Cu(I) interface results in the highest selectivity for C2 products (90.5 %). In situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations reveal that the Cu(0)/Cu(I) interface lowers the energy barrier for the production of ethylene and ethanol while increasing the coverage of localized *CO adsorbate for increased dimerization. This work establishes a novel approach for transforming the state of valence‐sensitive electrocatalysts into high‐value energy‐related engineering products.
Photon Upconversion Cooperates with Downshifting in Chiral Systems: Modulation, Amplification, and Applications of Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Zhao Tonghan , Duan Pengfei
Published: May 2024

Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active materials are increasingly recognized for their potential applications such as 3D imaging, data storage, and optoelectronic devices. Typically, CPL materials have required high‐energy (HE) photons for excitation to emit low‐energy (LE) circularly polarized light, a process known as downshifting CPL (DSCPL). However, the emergence of upconverted CPL (UCCPL), where the absorption of multi LE photons results in the emission of a single HE photon with circular polarization, has recently attracted considerable attention. This minireview highlights the intricate relationship between upconversion and CPL phenomena. During upconversion, the dissymmetry factor (glum) value can be improved in certain systems. Additionally, the integration of both LE and HE photons in upconversion‐downshifting‐synergistic systems offers avenues for dual‐excitation or dual‐emission CPL functionalities. More in detail, the emerging UCCPL based on various photon upconversion mechanisms and their synergy with DSCPL are introduced. Additionally, several examples that demonstrate the applications of UCCPL are presented to highlight the future opportunities.
Conservation Action Tracker: A tool to identify and monitor conservation actions for tree species
Authors: Quintana Itxaso , Rivers Malin , Davies Katharine
Published: May 2024

Premise

The GlobalTree Portal, hosted by Botanic Gardens Conservation International, provides access to information on the approximately 58,000 tree species worldwide. Included in the GlobalTree Portal is the Conservation Action Tracker, a dynamic and collaborative database to identify and monitor conservation actions for tree species globally.

Methods

The Conservation Action Tracker collates conservation action information at the species level, including species recovery/action plans, ex situ collections, propagation protocols, in situ management, species protection policy, and education/awareness campaigns.

Results

To date, the Conservation Action Tracker contains conservation action information for 4126 tree species, including 2161 threatened species, of which 659 are classified as Vulnerable, 783 as Endangered, and 719 as Critically Endangered. It covers conservation action information for at least one tree species in every country; however, more information is needed for 89% of Vulnerable, 87% of Endangered, and 77% of Critically Endangered tree species.

Discussion

Monitoring species conservation actions can support the prioritization and scaling up of conservation practices by sharing knowledge, increasing collaboration, enabling the identification of conservation gaps, and making the information available to be used by decision‐makers. Tracking conservation actions at the species level is, therefore, essential to guide future conservation efforts. Increasing the amount of data in the Conservation Action Tracker will improve the tool's ability to guide future conservation efforts and avoid the extinction of tree species.
Development and assessment of a virtual escape‐room game for teaching industrial bioprocesses
Authors: Cotoras Davor , Valenzuela‐Ibaceta Felipe , Salas Diego , Cárdenas Franco
Published: May 2024

This article presents a study on the implementation of a virtual escape‐room game as a novel teaching methodology in biochemistry education. The game aimed to engage students in producing monoclonal antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 while reinforcing theoretical concepts and fostering teamwork. Three versions of the game were tested, incorporating modifications to address student feedback on and improve the overall experience. The study employed a satisfaction survey to gather insights from students regarding their perception of the game. Results showed that the implementation of answer flexibility using RegEx had a significant positive impact on student satisfaction and motivation. The introduction of RegEx allowed for a more realistic and immersive gaming experience, as students could provide varied answers while still being evaluated correctly. Overall, the findings highlight the effectiveness of the game's design, the suitability of the Google Forms platform for distance learning, and the importance of incorporating answer flexibility through RegEx. These results provide valuable guidance for educators seeking to enhance student engagement and satisfaction through the use of escape‐room games in biochemistry education.
The effect of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and olfactory function on odor identification networks
Authors: Frank Conner , Albertazzi Abigail , Murphy Claire
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The combination of apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) status, odor identification, and odor familiarity predicts conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

To further understand olfactory disturbances and AD risk, ApoE ε4 carrier (mean age 76.38 ± 5.21) and ε4 non‐carrier (mean age 76.8 ± 3.35) adults were given odor familiarity and identification tests and performed an odor identification task during fMRI scanning. Five task‐related functional networks were detected using independent components analysis. Main and interaction effects of mean odor familiarity ratings, odor identification scores, and ε4 status on network activation and task‐modulation of network functional connectivity (FC) during correct and incorrect odor identification (hits and misses), controlling for age and sex, were explored using multiple linear regression.

Results

Findings suggested that sensory‐olfactory network activation was positively associated with odor identification scores in ε4 carriers with intact odor familiarity. The FC of sensory‐olfactory, multisensory‐semantic integration, and occipitoparietal networks was altered in ε4 carriers with poorer odor familiarity and identification. In ε4 carriers with poorer familiarity, connectivity between superior frontal areas and the sensory‐olfactory network was negatively associated with odor identification scores.

Conclusions

The results contribute to the clarification of the neurocognitive structure of odor identification processing and suggest that poorer odor familiarity and identification in ε4 carriers may signal multi‐network dysfunction. Odor familiarity and identification assessment in ε4 carriers may contribute to the predictive value of risk for MCI and AD due to the breakdown of sensory‐cognitive network integration. Additional research on olfactory processing in those at risk for AD is warranted.
Exploring the regulatory role of FBXL19‐AS1 in triple‐negative breast cancer through the miR‐378a‐3p/OTUB2 axis
Authors: Guo Chenxu , Zhang Mingliang , Jin Xin , Zhu Chao , Qian Jun , Tao Min
Published: May 2024

The regulatory potential of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FBXL19‐AS1 has been highlighted in various cancers, but its effect on triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of FBXL19‐AS1 in TNBC and its underlying mechanism. RT‐qPCR was employed to detect the expressions of FBXL19‐AS1 and miR‐378a‐3p in tissues and cells. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were utilized to detect the expression levels of proteins. Cell activities were detected using flow cytometry, CCK‐8, and transwell assay. Dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were deployed to investigate interactions of different molecules. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways were used to analyze the downstream pathway. In vivo xenograft model was conducted to detect the effect of FBXL19‐AS1 on tumor growth. FBXL19‐AS1 was overexpressed in TNBC tissues and cell lines compared with counterparts. FBXL19‐AS1 knockdown suppressed TNBC cell activities, whereas its overexpression exhibited the opposite effect. Mechanistically, FBXL19‐AS1 was found to interact with miR‐378a‐3p. Further analysis revealed that miR‐378a‐3p exerted tumor‐suppressive effects in TNBC cells. Additionally, miR‐378a‐3p targeted and downregulated the expression of ubiquitin aldehyde binding 2 (OTUB2), a deubiquitinase associated with TNBC progression. In vivo experiments substantiated the inhibitory effects of FBXL19‐AS1 knockdown on TNBC tumorigenesis, and a miR‐378a‐3p inhibitor partially rescued these effects. The downstream pathway of the miR‐378a‐3p/OTUB2 axis was explored, revealing connections with proteins involved in modifying other proteins, removing ubiquitin molecules, and influencing signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway. Western blot analysis confirmed changes in YAP and TAZ expression levels, indicating a potential regulatory network. In summary, FBXL19‐AS1 promotes exacerbation in TNBC by suppressing miR‐378a‐3p, leading to increased OTUB2 expression. The downstream mechanism may be related to the Hippo signaling pathway. These findings propose potential therapeutic targets for TNBC treatment.
Oligonucleotide‐Based Photoaffinity Probes: Chemical Tools and Applications for Protein Labeling
Authors: Saintomé Carole , Monfret Océane , Doisneau Gilles , Guianvarc'h Dominique
Published: May 2024

A variety of proteins interact with DNA and RNA, including polymerases, histones, ribosomes, transcription factors, and repair enzymes. However, the transient non‐covalent nature of these interactions poses challenges for analysis. Introducing a covalent bond between proteins and DNA via photochemical activation of a photosensitive functional group introduced onto nucleic acids offers a means to stabilize these often weak interactions without significantly altering the binding interface. Consequently, photoactivatable oligonucleotides are powerful tools for investigating nucleic acid‐protein interactions involved in numerous biological and pathological processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the chemical tools developed so far and the different strategies used for incorporating the most commonly used photoreactive reagents into oligonucleotide probes or nucleic acids. Furthermore, we illustrate their application with several examples including protein binding site mapping, identification of protein binding partners, and in cell studies.
Single coronary artery with aortic valve replacement followed by aortic root replacement due to endocarditis: A case report
Authors: Taoka Makoto , Sezai Akira , Ohba Masanao , Kitazumi Yoshiki , Hanamura Taisuke , Okumura Yasuo , Tanaka Masashi
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

A woman with a single coronary artery underwent aortic valve replacement due to aortic stenosis. Two years later, she developed an aortic annular abscess around the right coronary cusp and non‐coronary cusp. Significant adhesions to the right coronary artery (RCA) resulted from the abscess, making artery separation challenging, and raising concerns about potential future RCA stenosis. The patient subsequently underwent aortic root replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting. Utilizing a freestyle valve and a saphenous vein graft for the RCA. Following the procedure, the patient was discharged and has remained symptom‐free without any recurrence of infection for 2 years.
Gedunin modulates cellular growth and apoptosis in glioblastoma cell lines
Authors: Stouffer Michael , Wandling Elizabeth , Dickson Lindsay , Lin Stacy , Duan Huanyun , Powe Erika , Jean‐Louis Denise , Tiwari Amit K. , Amos Samson
Published: May 2024

Background

Glioblastomas are characterized by aggressive behavior. Surgery, radiotherapy, and alkylating agents, including temozolomide are the most common treatment options for glioblastoma. Often, conventional therapies fail to treat these tumors since they develop drug resistance. There is a need for newer agents to combat this deadly tumor. Natural products such as gedunin have shown efficacy in several human diseases. A comprehensive study of gedunin, an heat shock protein (HSP)90 inhibitor, has not been thoroughly investigated in glioblastoma cell lines with different genetic modifications.

Aims

A key objective of this study was to determine how gedunin affects the biological and signaling mechanisms in glioblastoma cells, and to determine how those mechanisms affect the proliferation and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells.

Methods

The viability potentials of gedunin were tested using MTT, cell counts, and wound healing assays. Gedunin's effects on glioma cells were further validated using LDH and colony formation assays. In addition, we investigated the survival and apoptotic molecular signaling targets perturbed by gedunin using Western blot analysis and flow cytometry.

Results

Our results show that there was a reduction in cell viability and inhibition of wound healing in the cells tested. Western blot analysis of the gene expression data revealed genes such as EGFR and mTOR/Akt/NF kappa B to be associated with gedunin sensitivity. Gedunin treatment induced apoptosis by cleaving poly ADP‐ribose polymerase, activating caspases, and downregulating BCL‐xL. Based on these results, gedunin suppressed cell growth and HSP client proteins, resulting in apoptosis in glioblastoma cell lines.

Conclusion

Our data provide in vitro support for the anticancer activity of gedunin in glioma cells by downregulating cancer survival proteins.
Key players of immunosuppression in epithelial malignancies: Tumor‐infiltrating myeloid cells and γδ T cells
Authors: Tamuli Baishali , Sharma Sakshi , Patkar Meena , Biswas Subir
Published: May 2024

Background

The tumor microenvironment of solid tumors governs the differentiation of otherwise non‐immunosuppressive macrophages and gamma delta (γδ) T cells into strong immunosuppressors while promoting suppressive abilities of known immunosuppressors such as myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) upon infiltration into the tumor beds.

Recent findings

In epithelial malignancies, tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs), precursor monocytic MDSCs (M‐MDSCs), and gamma delta (γδ) T cells often acquire strong immunosuppressive abilities that dampen spontaneous immune responses by tumor‐infiltrating T cells and B lymphocytes against cancer. Both M‐MDSCs and γδ T cells have been associated with worse prognosis for multiple epithelial cancers.

Conclusion

Here we discuss recent discoveries on how tumor‐associated macrophages and precursor M‐MDSCs as well as tumor associated‐γδ T cells acquire immunosuppressive abilities in the tumor beds, promote cancer metastasis, and perspectives on how possible novel interventions could restore the effective adaptive immune responses in epithelial cancers.
Impact of the Acetyl Group on Cysteine: A Study of N‐Acetyl‐Cysteine through Rotational Spectroscopy
Authors: Mato S. , Municio S. , Alonso J. L. , Alonso E. R. , León I.
Published: May 2024

Herein, we report a spectroscopic study of N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, an important antioxidant drug, using Fourier‐transform microwave techniques and in isolated conditions. Two conformers are observed, where most stable structure adopts a cis disposition, and the second conformer has a lower abundance and adopts a trans disposition. The rotational constants and the barriers to methyl internal rotation are determined for each conformer, allowing a precise conformation identification. The results show that the cis form adopts an identical structure in the crystal, solution, and gas phases. Additionally, the structures are contrasted against those of cysteine.
Quantum Dynamics of O(3P)+HBr→OH+Br Reaction: Integral Cross Sections and Rate Constants and their Initial State Dependence
Authors: Lin Shi Ying
Published: May 2024

The integral cross sections (ICSs) and rate constants (RCs) for the title reaction are calculated by means of accurate quantum wave packet method employing the recent ab initio potential energy surface developed by Peterson and co‐workers. Hundreds of partial wave contributions (up to J=150) are calculated explicitly taking Coriolis coupling into account. The ICSs are found to increase monotonically with energy and their energy dependences are smooth except in the energy range below the potential energy barrier, where several resonance peaks are observed. The temperature dependences of the RCs obey in general the Arrhenius law. These behaviors manifest the dominance of abstract mechanism. Initial rotational state (ji) excitations are found to greatly enhance the reactivity starting from ji=4, while exhibiting a complicated dependence for ji<4. From Boltzmann average of the initial state specified RCs (for ji=0–15) we obtained thermal RCs which are in reasonable agreement with available experimental results.
Protein Thermodynamic Properties, Crystallisation, and the Hofmeister Series
Authors: Saridakis Emmanuel , Donta Katerina
Published: May 2024

The Hofmeister series is a series of ions ordered according to their ability to precipitate proteins. It has also been linked to a host of (bio)chemical phenomena. Several attempts over the years to correlate the series to the varying success of different salts in crystallising proteins have been largely inconclusive. A correlation, based on published data and crystallisation conditions for several proteins, is proposed here between some thermodynamic properties of proteins and the position in the Hofmeister series of the salts from which they preferentially crystallise. Namely, a high ratio between the entropic or enthalpic protein‐solvent interactions contribution to thermodynamic stability and the total thermodynamic stability of a given protein, indicate the protein's high propensity to crystallise in solutions of highly kosmotropic salts. Low such ratios on the other hand, indicate that chaotropic salts can be equally successful, i. e. that the protein in question is rather indifferent to the Hofmeister character of the salt. Testing various model proteins for crystallisation against screens containing salts found at different points on the Hofmeister series, as well as further bibliographic analysis, have yielded results that appear to largely corroborate this hypothesis. These conclusions may conceivably be used as a crystallisation predictive tool.
Charge Transport Approaches in Photocatalytic Supramolecular Systems Composing of Semiconductor and Molecular Metal Complex for CO2 Reduction
Authors: Ning Jiangqi , Chen Wei , Niu Qing , Li Liuyi , Yu Yan
Published: May 2024

The design of photocatalytic supramolecular systems composing of semiconductors and molecular metal complexes for CO2 reduction has attracted increasing attention. The supramolecular system combines the structural merits of semiconductors and metal complexes, where the semiconductor harvests light and undertakes the oxidative site, while the metal complex provides activity for CO2 reduction. The intermolecular charge transfer plays crucial role in ensuring photocatalytic performance. Here, we review the progress of photocatalytic supramolecular systems in reduction of CO2 and highlight the interfacial charge transfer pathways, as well as their state‐of‐the‐art characterization methods. The remaining challenges and prospects for further design of supramolecular photocatalysts are also presented.
Modular Cascade of Flow Reactors: Continuous Flow Synthesis of Water‐Insoluble Diazo Dyes in Aqueous System
Authors: Ouyang Jihong , Yang Wenbo , Guo Zhaoyan , Li Fujun , Liu Wendong , Guo Pengfei , Zhou Yumeng , Gao Dali , Zhang Lijing , Tao Shengyang
Published: May 2024

Continuous flow synthesis is pivotal in dye production to address batch‐to‐batch variations. However, synthesizing water‐insoluble dyes in an aqueous system poses a challenge that can lead to clogging. This study successfully achieved the safe and efficient synthesis of azo dyes by selecting and optimizing flow reactor modules for different reaction types in the two‐step reaction and implementing cascade cooperation. Integrating continuous flow microreactor with continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) enabled the continuous flow synthesis of Sudan Yellow 3G without introducing water‐soluble functional groups or using organic solvents to enhance solubility. Optimizing conditions (acidity/alkalinity, temperature, residence time) within the initial modular continuous flow reactor resulted in a remarkable 99.5% isolated yield, 98.6 % purity, and a production rate of 2.90 g h−1. Scaling‐up based on different reactor module characteristics further increased the production rate to 74.4 g h−1 while maintaining high yield and purity. The construction of this small 3D‐printing modular cascaded reactor and process scaling‐up provide technical support for continuous flow synthesis of water‐insoluble dyes, particularly high‐market‐share azo dyes. Moreover, this versatile methodology proves applicable to continuous flow processes involving various homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction cascades.
A knock‐in allele of Hand2 expressing Dre recombinase
Authors: Plummer Nicholas W. , Smith Kathleen G. , Jensen Patricia
Published: May 2024

HAND2 is a basic helix–loop–helix transcription factor with diverse functions during development. To facilitate the investigation of genetic and functional diversity among Hand2‐expressing cells in the mouse, we have generated Hand2Dre, a knock‐in allele expressing Dre recombinase. To avoid disrupting Hand2 function, the Dre cDNA is inserted at the 3′ end of the Hand2 coding sequence following a viral 2A peptide. Hand2Dre homozygotes can therefore be used in complex crosses to increase the proportion of useful genotypes among offspring. Dre expression in mid‐gestation Hand2Dre embryos is indistinguishable from wild‐type Hand2 expression, and HandDre efficiently recombines rox target sites in vivo. In combination with existing Cre and Flp mouse lines, Hand2Dre will therefore extend the ability to perform genetic intersectional labeling, fate mapping, and functional manipulation of subpopulations of cells characterized by developmental expression of Hand2.
The ups and downs of self‐criticism and disordered eating: Complementing Paranjothy and Wade's (2024) analysis by considering both trait and state perspectives
Authors: Kelly Allison C. , Katan Aleece , Zuroff David C.
Published: May 2024

Paranjothy and Wade's (2024) meta‐review reveals that individuals higher in the personality trait of self‐criticism consistently experience more disordered eating than those lower in the trait. The clinical implications of this meta‐review are important in that they suggest current theoretical models and clinical practices in the field of eating disorders should incorporate a greater focus on self‐criticism. Building on this exciting contribution, we highlight conceptual, practical, and empirical reasons why the field would benefit from supplementing this research on trait self‐criticism with investigations of state self‐criticism. We review research showing that self‐criticism levels vary not only between individuals, with some people chronically more self‐critical than others, but also within a person, with a given individual enacting relatively more self‐criticism during some moments and days than others. We then present emerging research showing that these periods of higher‐than‐usual self‐criticism are associated with more disordered eating. Thus, we emphasize the need to explore the factors that give rise to self‐critical states in daily life, and review preliminary findings on this topic. We highlight the ways in which research on within‐person variations in self‐criticism can complement research on trait self‐criticism to advance case formulation, prevention, and treatment in the field of eating disorders.
Identifying archived insect bulk samples using DNA metabarcoding: A case study using the long‐term Rothamsted Insect Survey
Authors: Petsopoulos Dimitrios , Cuff Jordan P. , Bell James R. , Kitson James J. N. , Collins Larissa , Boonham Neil , Morales‐Hojas Ramiro , Evans Darren M.
Published: May 2024

Insect populations are declining in many parts of the world, but a lack of long‐term monitoring data is impeding our ability to understand and mitigate the causes of insect biodiversity loss. Whilst high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) approaches, such as DNA metabarcoding, have the potential to revolutionize insect biomonitoring through rapid scalable identification, it is unclear to what extent HTS can be applied to long‐term stored insect samples. Archived insect samples could inform forecasting and provide valuable information regarding past changes to biodiversity. Here, we assess the efficacy of DNA metabarcoding to identify archived samples from the longest passive monitoring scheme in the United Kingdom: the Rothamsted Insect Survey (RIS). With a focus on aphids as the target taxa of a national network of suction‐traps, we analyze a 16‐year time‐series of stored samples (2003–2018) using DNA metabarcoding from one of the RIS suction traps as an exemplar. We achieved this by using a non‐destructive DNA extraction protocol, ensuring the integrity of archival samples for further studies. We compared the identities of aphids determined by both metabarcoding (as inferred amplicon sequence variants [ASVs]) and morphological identification and found that metabarcoding detected most genera with varying success (mean > 76%). When comparing the two methods objectively (i.e., including taxa not detected morphologically), however, congruence decreased (51%). We show that minimum sequence copy thresholds can minimize metabarcoding false positives, but at the expense of introducing false negatives, highlighting the need for careful data curation. Detectability of taxa identified morphologically and similarity between the two methods did not significantly vary over time, demonstrating the viability of metabarcoding for screening archival samples. We discuss the advantages and challenges of metabarcoding for insect biomonitoring, particularly from archival samples, including improvements to sample handling, processing, and archiving. We highlight the wider potential of HTS approaches for stored samples from insect monitoring schemes, unlocking the immense potential of global historical time series.
Phosphorus‐based anodes for fast‐charging alkali metal ion batteries
Authors: Lan Xuexia , Li Zhen , Zeng Yi , Han Cuiping , Peng Jing , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: May 2024

Advancing fast‐charging technology is an important strategy for the development of alkali metal ion batteries (AMIBs). The exploitation of a new generation of anode material system with high‐rate performance, high capacity, and low risk of lithium/sodium/potassium plating is critical to realize fast‐charging capability of AMIBs while maintaining high energy density and safety. Among them, phosphorus‐based anodes including phosphorus anodes and metal phosphide anodes have attracted wide attention, due to their high theoretical capacities, safe reaction voltages, and natural abundance. In this review, we summarize the research progress of different phosphorus‐based anodes for fast‐charging AMIBs, including material properties, mechanisms for storing alkali metal ions, key challenges and solution strategies for achieving fast‐charging capability. Moreover, the future development directions of phosphorus‐based anodes in fast‐charging AMIBs are highlighted.

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Mechanistic analysis of acid gas storage and oil recovery in naturally fractured reservoirs using single matrix block approach
Authors: Shirzad Goran , Sadeghzadeh Zahra , Assareh Mehdi
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to assess the storage of acid gas, containing CO2 and H2S, in a depleted naturally fractured reservoir (NFR) using single matrix block (SMB) approach. The acid gas dissolution in oil is considered by Peng‐Robinson equation of state and compositional simulation. The PHREEQC package is used to determine acid gas solubility in formation brine. Three types of acid gases with different compositions are used for this study and their swelling behavior and miscibility in relation to the reservoir oil are analyzed. An SMB model, with a matrix block surrounded by fractures, is constructed, and validated for simulation of a real experiment. The simulation is conducted for synthetic and real reservoir fluids when the oil is in its residual saturation. A sensitivity analysis is performed to study the effects of key parameters, such as acid gas composition, reservoir pressure, permeability, porosity and matrix height on the storage capacity and oil recovery factor. The matrix has a volume of 27 m3 and about half of acid gas storage is achieved in the first 5 years while the simulations are run for 30 years. The results show that up to 90% of remained oil is recoverable, and more than 0.67 kmol of acid gas per cubic meter of matrix is stored whether matrix contains a real oil or a synthetic one. Higher storage is achieved for higher matrix porosities and heights and large H2S proportion in acid gas. In all cases about 10% of acid gas is trapped in water and the remaining 90% is dissolved in oil. The mineral trapping was more active in CO2‐rich acid gases. While about 10 kg of the matrix rock was dissolved in the acidic brine when the acid gas contained H2S, the amount of the dissolved minerals in acidic brine resulted from the injection of CO2‐rich acid gas was more than 16 kg. Finally, this study gives a comparative analysis of the storage performance of acid gas mixture and pure CO2. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping brain function in adults and young children during naturalistic viewing with high‐density diffuse optical tomography
Authors: Tripathy Kalyan , Fogarty Morgan , Svoboda Alexandra M. , Schroeder Mariel L. , Rafferty Sean M. , Richter Edward J. , Tracy Christopher , Mansfield Patricia K. , Booth Madison , Fishell Andrew K. , Sherafati Arefeh , Markow Zachary E. , Wheelock Muriah D. , Arbeláez Ana María , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Smyser Christopher D. , Eggebrecht Adam T. , Culver Joseph P.
Published: May 2024

Human studies of early brain development have been limited by extant neuroimaging methods. MRI scanners present logistical challenges for imaging young children, while alternative modalities like functional near‐infrared spectroscopy have traditionally been limited by image quality due to sparse sampling. In addition, conventional tasks for brain mapping elicit low task engagement, high head motion, and considerable participant attrition in pediatric populations. As a result, typical and atypical developmental trajectories of processes such as language acquisition remain understudied during sensitive periods over the first years of life. We evaluate high‐density diffuse optical tomography (HD‐DOT) imaging combined with movie stimuli for high resolution optical neuroimaging in awake children ranging from 1 to 7 years of age. We built an HD‐DOT system with design features geared towards enhancing both image quality and child comfort. Furthermore, we characterized a library of animated movie clips as a stimulus set for brain mapping and we optimized associated data analysis pipelines. Together, these tools could map cortical responses to movies and contained features such as speech in both adults and awake young children. This study lays the groundwork for future research to investigate response variability in larger pediatric samples and atypical trajectories of early brain development in clinical populations.
Have you been there before? Decoding recognition of spatial scenes from fMRI signals in precuneus
Authors: Bogler Carsten , Zangrossi Andrea , Miller Chantal , Sartori Giuseppe , Haynes John‐Dylan
Published: May 2024

One potential application of forensic “brain reading” is to test whether a suspect has previously experienced a crime scene. Here, we investigated whether it is possible to decode real life autobiographic exposure to spatial locations using fMRI. In the first session, participants visited four out of eight possible rooms on a university campus. During a subsequent scanning session, subjects passively viewed pictures and videos from these eight possible rooms (four old, four novel) without giving any responses. A multivariate searchlight analysis was employed that trained a classifier to distinguish between “seen” versus “unseen” stimuli from a subset of six rooms. We found that bilateral precuneus encoded information that can be used to distinguish between previously seen and unseen rooms and that also generalized to the two stimuli left out from training. We conclude that activity in bilateral precuneus is associated with the memory of previously visited rooms, irrespective of the identity of the room, thus supporting a parietal contribution to episodic memory for spatial locations. Importantly, we could decode whether a room was visited in real life without the need of explicit judgments about the rooms. This suggests that recognition is an automatic response that can be decoded from fMRI data, thus potentially supporting forensic applications of concealed information tests for crime scene recognition.
Verbal memory network mapping in individual patients predicts postoperative functional impairments
Authors: Wang Feng , Ren Jianxun , Cui Weigang , Zhou Ying , Yao Peisen , Lai Xuemiao , Pang Yue , Chen Zhili , Lin Yuanxiang , Liu Hesheng
Published: May 2024

Verbal memory decline is a significant concern following temporal lobe surgeries in patients with epilepsy, emphasizing the need for precision presurgical verbal memory mapping to optimize functional outcomes. However, the inter‐individual variability in functional networks and brain function‐structural dissociations pose challenges when relying solely on group‐level atlases or anatomical landmarks for surgical guidance. Here, we aimed to develop and validate a personalized functional mapping technique for verbal memory using precision resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) and neurosurgery. A total of 38 patients with refractory epilepsy scheduled for surgical interventions were enrolled and 28 patients were analyzed in the study. Baseline 30‐min rs‐fMRI scanning, verbal memory and language assessments were collected for each patient before surgery. Personalized verbal memory networks (PVMN) were delineated based on preoperative rs‐fMRI data for each patient. The accuracy of PVMN was assessed by comparing post‐operative functional impairments and the overlapping extent between PVMN and surgical lesions. A total of 14 out of 28 patients experienced clinically meaningful declines in verbal memory after surgery. The personalized network and the group‐level atlas exhibited 100% and 75.0% accuracy in predicting postoperative verbal memory declines, respectively. Moreover, six patients with extra‐temporal lesions that overlapped with PVMN showed selective impairments in verbal memory. Furthermore, the lesioned ratio of the personalized network rather than the group‐level atlas was significantly correlated with postoperative declines in verbal memory (personalized networks: r = −0.39, p = .038; group‐level atlas: r = −0.19, p = .332). In conclusion, our personalized functional mapping technique, using precision rs‐fMRI, offers valuable insights into individual variability in the verbal memory network and holds promise in precision verbal memory network mapping in individuals.
The development of brain metastases in patients with different therapeutic strategies for metastatic renal cell cancer
Authors: Derks Sophie H. A. E. , van der Meer Edgar L. , Joosse Arjen , de Jonge Maja J. A. , Slagter Cleo , Schouten Joost W. , Hoop Esther Oomen‐de , Smits Marion , van den Bent Martin J. , Jongen Joost L. M. , van der Veldt Astrid A. M.
Published: May 2024

A diagnosis of brain metastasis (BM) significantly affects quality of life in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC). Although systemic treatments have shown efficacy in mRCC, active surveillance (AS) is still commonly used in clinical practice. In this single‐center cohort study, we assessed the impact of different initial treatment strategies for metastatic RCC (mRCC) on the development of BM. All consecutive patients diagnosed with mRCC between 2011 and 2022 were included at the Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, the Netherlands, and a subgroup of patients with BM was selected. In total, 381 patients with mRCC (ECM, BM, or both) were identified. Forty‐six patients had BM of whom 39 had metachronous BM (diagnosed ≥1 month after ECM). Twenty‐five (64.1%) of these 39 patients with metachronous BM had received prior systemic treatment for ECM and 14 (35.9%) patients were treatment naive at BM diagnosis. The median BM‐free survival since ECM diagnosis was significantly longer (p = .02) in previously treated patients (29.0 [IQR 12.6–57.0] months) compared to treatment naive patients (6.8 [IQR 1.0–7.0] months). In conclusion, patients with mRCC who received systemic treatment for ECM prior to BM diagnosis had a longer BM‐free survival as compared to treatment naïve patients. These results emphasize the need for careful evaluation of treatment strategies, and especially AS, for patients with mRCC.