bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organization of storage and control of stocks and raw materials
Authors: Vasyukova Anna
Published: December 2024

The textbook outlines the basics of the discipline "Organization of storage and control of stocks and raw materials". The basics of commodity science and commodity characteristics of food products, the organization of warehouse and commodity management and their food supply, modern methods of packaging, transportation and storage of food products are considered. The methods of controlling product inventories and their consumption, including in production, are disclosed. The rules for the inventory of products and the financial responsibility of employees for the safety of raw materials and finished products are given. The features of the quality indicators of individual food groups, storage conditions and shelf life are presented.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation.
For students of secondary vocational educational institutions, higher educational institutions, as well as specialists in the field of technology of public catering products, commodity science, expertise of food products, technologists of the food industry.
Grammatical parallelism in the texts of Old Russian oratorical prose
Authors: Kalinin Konstantin
Published: December 2024

The monograph is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the use of grammatical parallelism in the texts of Old Russian oratorical prose. It consists of four chapters. In the first chapter, various approaches to the interpretation of the term "parallelism" in Russian philology are described, a definition of the term "grammatical parallelism" is proposed and the question of the place and role of using the technique in the texts of ancient Russian oratorical prose is considered. In the second chapter, a structural and semantic classification of grammatical parallelism is proposed and introduced into scientific circulation. The third chapter contains ways to incorporate grammatical parallelism constructions into the text space. In the fourth chapter, the use of grammatical parallelism in the texts of Old Russian oratorical prose is described in a historical perspective. The overall picture of changes in the use of this technique generally reflects the development of the syntactic structure of the Old Russian text.
Russian Russian is intended for philologists, historians of the Russian language, teachers of philological faculties, graduate students and anyone interested in the history of the Russian literary language.
Access to digital information: legal regulation
Authors: Vershinin Aleksandr
Published: December 2024

The textbook reveals the right to access digital information, taking into account the latest legislation, examines and clarifies the basic concepts in the field of information and digital technologies, examines the procedure for remote and automated access to various types of information, analyzes judicial and regulatory practice in the field of digital information use.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the field of Law, lawyers and administrators, bloggers and journalists, teachers and researchers, archivists and librarians, as well as for the widest range of curious users of digital information.
Organizational and methodological foundations of maintenance and repair of marine equipment
Authors: Sherstnev Nikolay
Published: December 2024

The textbook is an introductory part of a lecture course on the maintenance and repair of marine equipment. The basic concepts, terms and definitions used in this field of activity are presented with examples from maritime practice. The reasons obliging shipowners to perform maintenance and repair of ships on a systematic basis are shown. The content of classification observations of ships, surveys of ship safety management systems and control of ships by the port state and the actions of ship crews to meet the established requirements are considered.
The content of the documents that form the basis of ship maintenance and repair systems and examples of their use for planning preventive work, determining the timeliness of work on condition, as well as compliance with the technology of performing maintenance and repair work are given.
It is intended for students of higher educational institutions specializing in the Operation of marine power plants and university teachers; it may be useful for ship mechanics.
Application of electrodynamic technology study to determine the scattering efficiency of small objects
Authors: Ishchenko Evgeny , Fedorov Sergei , Fedorov Dmitriy
Published: December 2024

The article studies the methods for calculating the radar cross section (RCS) of complex objects. For the analysis, the problem of calculating the characteristics of a linear un-manned aerial vehicle was selected using the finite element method of electrodynamics for a body made of a perfectly conducting material, as well as with the reduction of materi-als. Additional modeling was carried out using asymptotic meth-ods in electrodynamics, which are aimed at implement-ing the principles of geometric and physical op-tics to solve electrodynamically complex problems. Modeling is per-formed in DS CST Studio Suite 2024, which allows using the most modern optimization methods, as well as graphic accelerators that increase the accuracy of determining the characteristics of objects. The article contains a mathemati-cal descrip-tion of the modeling methods, as well as the re-sults of their application in problems of calculating effec-tive scattering. The results show that asymptotic methods allow, first of all, to estimate the influence of the geometric charac-teristics of the object on the patterns of reflected fields, while the conditions sig-nificantly increase the speed of calcula-tions. The use of finite element methods allows taking into ac-count a larger number of factors, such as superposition of fields, losses in materials, since they allow solving Max-well's equations with the greatest force, but calculations using this method require greater computing power, as well as more time
Modeling of the temperature field in forest fires
Authors: Asadov Hikmet , Bayramov G.
Published: December 2024

A multi-zone one-dimensional model based on a one-dimensional Gaussian model of fire in the forest has been developed. The optimization problem of calculating the average integral temperature in a forest with a multi-zone location of fire has been solved. It is shown that when using the Gaussian multizonal ignition model, the average integral temperature decreases with increasing distance from the edge to the center of the territory of multizonal fires. The possibility of using a one-dimensional Gaussian model of a single-zone fire location for early detection of fire in the forest by emission and absorption characteristics is considered. It is shown that the combined use of these features, in combination with the Gaussian model, makes it possible to increase the sensitivity of fire detection in the forest. An emission-absorption method for early detection of forest fires is proposed. It is shown that the sensitivity of fire detection in the proposed method is higher than with the single use of emission and adsorption methods. A comprehensive index is proposed - an indicator of forest fire safety, taking into account such factors as soil moisture content, wind speed, terrain height, soil reflective spectrum and its dependence on soil moisture content. The extreme nature of the proposed complex index is noted depending on the moisture content of the soil. This property allows you to balance the proportion of fire safety improvement due to particular safety criteria (Pareto optimization principle) in order to achieve maximum reliability of the resulting total-weighted assessment
Is Curcumin an Antidote for Civilization Diseases? A Literature Review
Authors: Madej Adrianna , Suława Adrian , Targoński Oskar , Targońska Marta , Furgalska-Kudła Julia , Fedorowicz Sebastian , Basiak Aneta , Ptasiński Aleksander , Niekurzak Rafał , Buczek Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purpose: Curcumin is the main natural lipophilic polyphenol obtained from Curcuma longa L. Its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancerous, anti-obesity, antioxidant, and lipid-lowering effects have attracted scientists' attention. Due to its diverse pharmacological properties, curcumin might be a beneficial and promising nutraceutical food dealing with civilization diseases. NCDs (non-communicable diseases) such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus are significant health issues affecting global society. 
Aim of the study: The purpose of this review is to present a thorough analysis of the impact of supplementation curcumin on the prevention, course, and complications of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. 
Material and methods: An analysis of papers available in PubMed and Google Scholar was performed using the following keywords: curcumin, curcumin and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, curcumin and chronic diseases, curcumin and obesity, curcumin and Cardiovascular diseases, curcumin and lipid, curcumin and glucose. 
Conclusion: As studies have shown, curcumin might be a promising nutraceutical food in treating obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further research should be conducted to assess the impact of curcumin better and to establish the appropriate dose, formulation, and duration of the therapy.
The Influence of the Gut Microbiome on the Pathogenesis of Asthma: A Review of Current Research and Therapeutic Options
Authors: Feret Dominik Maciej , Zapasek Daniel , Szczepański Michał , Kuliga Marcin , Bajak Mateusz , Słowik Julia , Inglot Julia , Inglot Jadwiga , Mamczur Maciej , Sowa Damian
Published: December 2024

Introduction and purpose:
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways. Its pathogenesis may be linked to the gut microbiome, which plays a key role in the immune system. This review analyzes current evidence regarding the influence of the gut microbiome on asthma development, particularly in the context of the gut-lung axis. The aim of this paper is to assess the current therapeutic possibilities for asthma based on the modulation of the gut microbiota.
Materials and methods:
The literature review includes articles from scientific databases (PubMed), selected for their citation impact and relevance to the topic under analysis.
Results:
The gut microbiota affects immune balance by producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other metabolites that modulate the body’s inflammatory response. Gut dysbiosis may contribute to the development of asthma. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, and a fiber-rich diet has shown beneficial effects in reducing inflammation in asthma. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may represent a future therapeutic approach, though further clinical research is required.
Conclusion:
Modulation of the gut microbiota is a promising support in asthma therapy. A personalized treatment approach based on the patient's microbiota profile could potentially improve disease control and reduce the reliance on steroids in the future.
The impact of diet on systemic lupus erythematosus - a review article
Authors: Dąbrowska Natalia , Kudas Zuzanna , Nowocin Paweł , Koszyk Martyna , Litwin Aleksandra , Krzywicka Karolina , Kulczyński Dawid Wiktor , Kumięga Paulina , Perchel Nikola , Wasiński Piotr
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs and systems, with a complex pathogenesis involving genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. The disease manifests with variable clinical features and can lead to significant morbidity and increased cardiovascular risk.
Aim of Study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of diet and supplementation with specific nutrients in the management of SLE, focusing on omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, vitamin D, gut microbiota, and dietary patterns like low glycemic index and Mediterranean diets.
Materials and methods. More than 30 articles addressing these issues were analyzed. They were found using the PubMed search engine, and the time frame of these publications covered the last 10 years.
Results. Studies suggest that omega-3 supplementation, vitamin D, and synbiotics can reduce disease activity, inflammation, and fatigue in SLE patients. A balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio, along with specific dietary patterns, improved cardiovascular function and reduced inflammation. The Mediterranean and low-GI diets also contributed to better disease control and quality of life.
Conclusions. Dietary interventions discussed in the paper can be beneficial adjuncts to pharmacological treatments in SLE management. These changes may improve disease activity and overall well-being. Further long-term studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Shortest-Job-First Scheduling in Many-Server Queues with Impatient Customers and Noisy Service-Time Estimates
Authors: Dong Jing , Ibrahim Rouba
Published: December 2024

Queue scheduling, in which limited resources must be allocated to incoming customers, has numerous applications in service operations management. With increasing data availability and advances in predictive models, personalized scheduling—which leverages individual information about underlying stochastic processes beyond just probability distributions—has gained significant attention. A new study reveals that, even with noisy service-time predictions, the (predicted) shortest-job-first (SJF) policy can effectively optimize performance in many-server systems with inpatient customers. The study also characterizes the impact of prediction errors on the policy’s effectiveness. Additionally, the study shows that a two-class priority rule, in which customers with shorter predicted service times (below a carefully designed threshold) are prioritized, can asymptotically match the performance of SJF, offering a simpler policy for implementation in practice.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity of Ulva reticulata seaweed extracted with different solvents
Authors: DJOH EMRIS FERDINAND KALE , MEIYASA FIRAT , NDAHAWALI SURYANINGSIH , TARIGAN NURBETY
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Djoh EFK, Meiyasa F, Ndahawali S, Tarigan N. 2024. Chemical composition, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activity of Ulva reticulata seaweed extracted with different solvents. Biodiversitas 25: 2943-2949. Ulva reticulata Forsskal, 1775 is a green seaweed that has the potential to be developed in food, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals; thus, studying the chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities is necessary. Ulva reticulata samples were obtained from the waters of Hambuang, Haharu Sub-district, East Sumba Island, dried in the sun for three days, and floured for chemical composition analysis. In addition, water quality was tested regarding pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and temperature in the Hambuang Waters. Ulva reticulata simplisia was extracted with three different solvents, namely methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform, and then tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus Rosenbach, 1884 and Escherichia coli E and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the water quality of Hambuang was relatively good according to SNI standards with a pH value of 7.52, DO of 6.23 mg/L, and temperature of 31.30°C. Furthermore, the chemical composition of U. reticulata had a moisture content of 12.31%, ash of 23.32%, lipid of 3.04%, protein of 12.93%, and carbohydrate of 48.40%. The antioxidant activity of U. reticulata extract with methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvents were 235.31, 174.72, and 146.14 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, U. reticulata extract with methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform solvents had antimicrobial activity against S. aureus of 39.59, 33.81, 14.94 mm, and E. coli of 15.94, 17.93, 12.69 mm, respectively. Therefore, U. reticulata has the potential to be used as an ingredient in the food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and cosmeceutical industries applications.
Density and distribution of nipah (Nypa fruticans) on the western coast of Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: FITHRIA DEWI , BASRI HAIRUL , INDRA INDRA , MUCHLISIN ZAINAL A.
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Fithria D, Basri H, Indra I, Muchlisin ZA. 2024. Density and distribution of nipah (Nypa fruticans) on the western coast of Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 2967-2973. Nypa fruticans Wurmb population on the west coast of Aceh, Indonesia, is under threat due to the frequent land conversion to plantations, aquaculture ponds, ports, and settlements, so reduced density and covered areas. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the density and distribution of nipah on the west coast of Aceh. The transect method was used with a size of 10x10m to count the number of trees, 5 x 5m to calculate the saplings, and 1 x 1m to count the seedlings. At each location, three sub-stations were determined purposively, namely (I) downstream near the mouth of the river, which is connected to sea waters, (II) towards upstream where nipah is still growing, as well as (III) between the upstream and downstream parts (mid area). The results showed that the density of nipah in Kuala Bubon for tree categories ranged from 12,700 to 14,800 ind. Ha-1, saplings 2,400 to 4,400 ind. Ha-1, and seedlings 110,000 to 140,000 ind. Ha-1. Meanwhile, in Kuala Tadu, the density of tree categories ranged from 1,900 to 3,800 ind. Ha-1, saplings 1,600 to 6,000 ind. Ha-1, and seedlings 60,000 to 80,000 ind. Ha-1. Moreover, the distribution index of Morishita in Kuala Bubon ranged from 0.02-0.72 and 0.05-0.58 in Kuala Tadu. The organic matter analysis in Kuala Bubon showed that C-organic ranged from 0.68-1.46%, N-total 0.09-0.12%, and P-total 1.55-4.1 mg/kg, while in Kuala Tadu, the values ranged from 0.66-3.63%, 0.05-0.15%, and 2.95-7.25 mg/kg respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that the density of nipah palm in both locations is very high and in good condition with uniformly distributed. However, the organic matter content at both locations was generally very low to low, except for C-organic at Kuala Tadu Station III and P element at Station II.
Estimating oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) production potential using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
Authors: CHARLOQ CHARLOQ , THOHA ACHMAD SIDDIK , YAZID ABU , SIDIQ AGUNG MUAMMAR , LUBIS OPPIE APRILIA
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Charloq, Thoha AS, Yazid A, Sidiq AM, Lubis OA. 2024. Estimating oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) production potential using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Biodiversitas 25: 2981-2989. The vast expanse of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plantations utilized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology, identified as a suitable tool for mapping the health condition and production potential of oil palm plants. A plant census was conducted to confirm the correct number of plants, utilizing GPS to record each plant's coordinates, assess its health status, and estimate its production potential. This study aimed to estimate oil palm production potential with maximum accuracy using drone technology over a 22.23-hectare plantation. The research method involved drone based mapping of plant numbers and health, thereby estimating the potential production of oil palm. Orthomosaic data processed using Oil Palm Analysis (OPA) software were analyzed and compared with field survey data (plant census) through the Student t test with ? = 5%. In conclusion, from the study of drone/UAV technology based estimation of oil palm (E. guineensis) production potential in the field on an area of 22.23 ha at PT. Eastern Indonesia Bukit Maradja Estate, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, it can be concluded that the use of drone technology for oil palm production estimation through OPA is highly effective, with no significant discrepancies between drone results and traditional field census methods. This consistency confirms that UAVs are a reliable tool for assessing the production potential of oil palm plantations.
Quantification of optical lensing by cellular structures in the living human eye
Authors: Bedggood Phillip , Ding Yifu , Dierickx David , Dubra Alfredo , Metha Andrew
Published: December 2024

Cells and other microscopic phase objects can be visualized in the living retina, non-invasively, using non-confocal light detection schemes in adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopes (AOSLOs). There is not yet widespread agreement regarding the origin of image contrast, nor the best way to render multichannel images. Here, we present data to support the interpretation that variations in the intensity of non-confocal images approximate a direct linear mapping of the prismatic deflection of the scanned beam. We advance a simple geometric framework in which local 2D image gradients are used to estimate the spherocylindrical refractive power for each element of the tissue. This framework combines all available information from the non-confocal image channels simultaneously, reducing noise and directional bias. We show that image derivatives can be computed with a scalable, separable gradient operator that minimizes directional errors; this further mitigates noise and directional bias as compared with previous filtering approaches. Strategies to render the output of split-detector gradient operations have been recently described for the visualization of immune cells, blood flow, and photoreceptors; our framework encompasses these methods as rendering astigmatic refractive power. In addition to astigmatic power, we advocate the use of the mean spherical equivalent power, which appears to minimize artifacts even for highly directional micro-structures such as immune cell processes. We highlight examples of positive, negative, and astigmatic power that match expectations according to the known refractive indices and geometries of the relevant structures (for example, a blood vessel filled with plasma acts as a negatively powered cylindrical lens). The examples highlight the benefits of the proposed scheme for the visualization of diverse phase objects including rod and cone inner segments, immune cells near the inner limiting membrane, flowing blood cells, the intravascular cell-free layer, and anatomical details of the vessel wall.
Evolution of cooperation in multichannel games on multiplex networks
Authors: Basak Amit , Sengupta Supratim
Published: December 2024

Humans navigate diverse social relationships and concurrently interact across multiple social contexts. An individual’s behavior in one context can influence behavior in other contexts. Different payoffs associated with interactions in the different domains have motivated recent studies of the evolution of cooperation through the analysis of multichannel games where each individual is simultaneously engaged in multiple repeated games. However, previous investigations have ignored the potential role of network structure in each domain and the effect of playing against distinct interacting partners in different domains. Multiplex networks provide a useful framework to represent social interactions between the same set of agents across different social contexts. We investigate the role of multiplex network structure and strategy linking in multichannel games on the spread of cooperative behavior in all layers of the multiplex. We find that multiplex structure along with strategy linking enhances the cooperation rate in all layers of the multiplex compared to a well-mixed population in Prisoners’ Dilemma games, provided the network structure is identical across layers. The effectiveness of strategy linking in enhancing cooperation depends on the degree of similarity of the network structure across the layers and perception errors due to imperfect memory. Higher cooperation rates are achieved when the degree of structural overlap of the different layers is sufficiently large, and the probability of perception error is relatively low. Our work reveals how the social network structure in different layers of a multiplex can affect the spread of cooperation by limiting the ability of individuals to link strategies across different social domains.
Public communication and outreach by mosquito programs in the United States
Authors: Thomas Nicole , Balanay Jo Anne G. , Shearman Sachiyo , Richards Stephanie L.
Published: December 2024

Blood feeding female mosquitoes cause itchy welts and can transmit pathogens that cause diseases such as chikungunya, malaria, West Nile encephalitis, and Zika. Mosquito control programs conduct mosquito, pathogen, and epidemiological surveillance, carry out source reduction, treat mosquito habitats with larvicides or adulticides, and disseminate information to the public. Here, 100 organizations (e.g., private/public mosquito control programs, national professional mosquito/pest control associations) in the United States were asked to complete a survey (N = 39 respondents) about their public communication and outreach efforts. Results indicate most programs (N = 27, 69%) have dedicated personnel for public communication. A checklist was constructed to compare communication strategies between a subset of program websites and Facebook pages. Recommendations for improving public communication and outreach strategies (e.g., digital tools, more frequent updates, public engagement strategies) for mosquito control programs are discussed.
Contextual factors influencing schistosomiasis treatment and identification of delivery platforms for arpraziquantel in hard-to-reach areas and populations in Homa Bay County, Kenya
Authors: Isaiah Phyllis Munyiva , Afriyie Doris Osei , Maghanga Mary , Ogeto Donna Obare , Nyamongo Mary Amuyunzu , Steinmann Peter
Published: December 2024

A new formulation of praziquantel, arpraziquantel (arPZQ), has been developed for preschool-aged children (PSAC) to fill the treatment gap for this age group in schistosomiasis control and elimination programs. There is now a priority to ensure that the drug reaches all at-risk PSAC in endemic areas, including hard-to-reach areas and populations. This study aimed to determine schistosomiasis treatment-related contextual factors among fishermen and island populations in Homa Bay County, Kenya, and to identify a suitable platform to deliver arPZQ. We conducted a generic qualitative study using two case study interviews with parents/caregivers living with disability caring for children ≤5 years,18 focus group discussions (FGDs) with parents/caregivers of children ≤5 years (each with 8–10 participants), 14 key informant interviews (KIIs) with various government agencies, and unstructured observations. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The case study interviews and FGDs revealed awareness of schistosomiasis among community members but limited knowledge of transmission risk factors. Lake water and open defecation were the main predisposing factors to infection. We observed poor health-seeking behavior in the community due to inaccessibility of quality healthcare services, resulting from health system level, population level, and geographic barriers. Despite these barriers, community members reported positive experiences with previous PZQ mass drug administration (MDAs) and other innovative healthcare programs, and expressed willingness to participate in future MDAs, including with arPZQ. Based on the reported barriers, the door-to-door distribution approach by community health promoters was proposed by parents and key informants as the most feasible platform for community sensitization, mobilization, and arPZQ delivery. To achieve high arPZQ treatment coverage for all at-risk PSAC, and promote ownership and sustainability of the program, the door-to-door approach is the most promising platform to deliver treatment and public health promotion in marginalized hard-to-reach island populations of Lake Victoria, Kenya.
Blood biomarker discovery for autism spectrum disorder: A proteomic analysis
Authors: Hewitson Laura , Mathews Jeremy A. , Devlin Morgan , Schutte Claire , Lee Jeon , German Dwight C.
Published: December 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Given the lack of specific pharmacological therapy for ASD and the clinical heterogeneity of the disorder, current biomarker research efforts are geared mainly toward identifying markers for determining ASD risk or for assisting with a diagnosis. A wide range of putative biological markers for ASD are currently being investigated. Proteomic analyses indicate that the levels of many proteins in plasma/serum are altered in ASD, suggesting that a panel of proteins may provide a blood biomarker for ASD. Serum samples from 76 boys with ASD and 78 typically developing (TD) boys, 2–10 years of age, were analyzed to identify possible early biological markers for ASD. Proteomic analysis of serum was performed using SomaLogic’s SOMAScanTM assay 1.3K platform. A total of 1,125 proteins were analyzed. There were 86 downregulated proteins and 52 upregulated proteins in ASD (FDR < 0.05). Combining three different algorithms, we found a panel of 12 proteins that identified ASD with an area under the curve (AUC) = 0.8790±0.0572, with specificity and sensitivity of 0.8530±0.1076 and 0.8324±0.1137, respectively. All 12 proteins were significantly different in ASD compared with TD boys, and 4 were significantly correlated with ASD severity as measured by ADOS total scores. Using machine learning methods, a panel of serum proteins was identified that may be useful as a blood biomarker for ASD in boys. Further verification of the protein biomarker panel with independent test sets is warranted.
Species diversity in the new lamprey genus Occidentis, formerly classified as western North American ‘Lampetra’
Authors: Carim Kellie J. , Auringer Grace , Docker Margaret F. , Renaud Claude B. , Clemens Benjamin J. , Blanchard Monica R. , Parker Christina , Young Michael K.
Published: December 2024

Accurate taxonomy is fundamental to the study and conservation of biodiversity. Because of their morphological similarities, most brook and river lampreys in western North America have been placed in the genus Lampetra along with lampreys from Eurasia and eastern North America. However, molecular-based phylogenetic studies dating back several decades indicate that lampreys from Pacific drainages are genetically distinct from Atlantic Lampetra. Reviewing previous phylogenetic analysis of two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes for Northern Hemisphere lampreys, we assign these western North American brook and river lampreys to a new genus, Occidentis. To assess species diversity within Occidentis, we performed a species delimitation analysis using all publicly available cytochrome b sequences of the genus. Similar to previous studies, O. ayresii and O. richardsoni were not reciprocally monophyletic and are best categorized as life history variants of a single species. In addition to O. pacifica, O. hubbsi, and the diverse O. ayresii species complex, as many as seven undescribed candidate species from Oregon and California were identified, supporting results from previous studies with more geographically limited datasets. One specimen from Paynes Creek, California, was identified as a candidate species, although this single individual showed minimal interspecific divergence (1.34%) with O. hubbsi. Further genetic assessment along with information on morphology and phylogeography is needed to determine whether the variation observed between groups of candidate species represents distinct species or divergent lineages within a species complex. Additional sampling will inform whether there are additional species not currently represented in this dataset. Thus, the number of species formally recognized under Occidentis is subject to change with new information. Systematic assessment of the distribution and phylogenetic complexity within Occidentis will enhance our understanding of its evolutionary history and taxonomic diversity, which will guide efforts to conserve the biodiversity of lampreys.
Heads up–Four Giraffa species have distinct cranial morphology
Authors: Kargopoulos Nikolaos , Marugán-Lobón Jesús , Chinsamy Anusuya , Agwanda Bernard R. , Brown Michael Butler , Fennessy Stephanie , Ferguson Sara , Hoffman Rigardt , Lala Fredrick , Muneza Arthur , Mwebi Ogeto , Otiende Moses , Petzold Alice , Winter Sven , Zabeirou Abdoul Razack Moussa , Fennessy Julian
Published: December 2024

Giraffe (Giraffa spp.) are among the most unique extant mammals in terms of anatomy, phylogeny, and ecology. However, aspects of their evolution, ontogeny, and taxonomy are unresolved, retaining lingering questions that are pivotal for their conservation. We assembled the largest known dataset of Giraffa skulls (n = 515) to investigate patterns of cranial variability using 3D geometric morphometrics. The results show distinct sexual dimorphism and divergent ontogenetic trajectories of skull shape for the north clade (G. camelopardalis antiquorum, G. c. camelopardalis, G. c. peralta, and G. reticulata) and the south clade (G. giraffa angolensis, G. g. giraffa, G. tippelskirchi tippelskirchi, and G. t. thornicrofti) which was further supported statistically. Discriminant functions found statistically significant cranial shape differences between all four Giraffa species, and in some cases also between subspecies of the same species. Our 3D morphometric analysis shows that the four genetically distinct Giraffa spp. also have distinct cranial morphologies, largely addressable to features of display (ossicones). Our results highlight the importance of focusing future giraffe conservation efforts on each taxon to maintain their unique characteristics and biodiversity in the wild.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy effects mediated by methylene blue in surfactant medium as an adjuvant treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis and presence of fistula–Protocol for randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Wince Carolina , Kassa Claudio T. , Insper Joaquin , Amzallag Daniela , Consonlandich Wilhem , Tortamano Ana Carolina A. C. , Magalhães Fabiana Divino , Lestido Valentina , Pavani Christiane , Prates Renato A.
Published: December 2024

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to conventional endodontic treatment in patients with apical periodontitis and fistulas. In this study, a fistula is characterized as a pathological conduit originating from the infected region at the root apex of the tooth, traversing the oral mucosa, and extending to the external surface of the gingiva. This pathological condition frequently complicates the management of endodontic infections, thereby necessitating the evaluation of supplementary therapeutic interventions. The standard treatment for endodontic infections involves thorough disinfection of the root canal system to remove microbial contamination from the canal and surrounding tissues. To potentially augment the efficacy of conventional treatment, aPDT is proposed as a supplementary, non-invasive technique. This innovative technique uses a photosensitizer, which is a light-sensitive dye, in combination with a light source to produce reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species can effectively target and eliminate bacteria in the root canal system, potentially enhancing treatment outcomes.

Methods

The study will involve 140 teeth with apical periodontitis and fistulas. The teeth will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Group I will receive only the conventional endodontic treatment, which includes root canal cleaning, shaping, and obturation. Group II will undergo the same conventional endodontic treatment, but with an additional step of aPDT. The aPDT procedure involves applying a photosensitizer to the root canal and irradiating it with light to produce reactive oxygen species. Each group will consist of 70 teeth to ensure adequate statistical power. The primary outcome is fistula resolution, assessed clinically at 15 and 30 days post-treatment. The secondary outcome is the comparison of apical radiolucency from periapical radiographs to evaluate healing and reduction of periapical pathology.

Conclusions

The study aims to determine if adding aPDT significantly improves the management of apical periodontitis and overall success rates of endodontic treatment. The results will provide insights into the effectiveness of aPDT as an adjunctive treatment and its potential benefits in clinical practice.
Review of the land snails of the genus Kora from Brazil, with description of eight new species and a new related genus Koltrora, including comparison with two Andean Neopetraeus species (Gastropoda, Eupulmonata, Orthalicoidea)
Authors: Simone Luiz Ricardo L.
Published: December 2024

The orthalicoidean genus Kora Simone, 2012 is reviewed. Three of the four known species are redescribed, including their anatomy. These species are K. corallina (the type species), K. nigra, and K. rupestris. Eight new species are introduced, all of which occur in the region of the São Francisco River, from the northern of Minas Gerais to the southern of Bahia, Brazil. They are K. tupan, K. ajar, K. aetheria, K. jimenezi, K. uhlei, K. kremerorum, K. vania, and K. curumim. All of them are described, including anatomical features, except the last three, which are based solely on shell characters. Another related genus is also described, Koltrora, with a single new species, K. pyrostoma. They are compared to an Andean genus, Neopetraeus (N. lobbii, N. tesselatus), which also exhibit similarities. This detailed phenotypic study was performed in several comparative ways, including a morphological phylogenetic approach, using other orthalicoideans with the same level of phenotypic details known. The single objective is to justify the current taxonomic scheme, and to provide a brief comparison with recent results based on molecular approaches. According to these preliminary results, the triad Neopetraeus-Koltrora-Kora is monophyletic, supported by 10 synapomorphies. Koltrora and Kora are sister taxa, supported by 11 synapomorphies. Kora is monophyletic, with strong support from 25 synapomorphies. Discussions on classification, phylogeny, anatomy, and comparison with other recent orthalicoidean literature are also included. Some newly identified and diagnostic structures are described, such as the odontophore pair of muscles m8, the accessory albumen chamber, a different kind of spermatophore, the exclusive kind of radula of Kora and Koltrora, and a calcified epiphragm, a rare feature in South American snails. Register ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2F13D53C-0A36-42FB-B936-D80E7C958259.
FORMAS DE SANEAMENTO PREVISTAS NO CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO CIVIL E A SUA IMPRESCINDIBILIDADE PARA A EFETIVIDADE DA TUTELA JURISDICIONAL
Authors: Falchetti Lopes da Costa Laura
Published: December 2024

O livre convencimento motivado do Juiz é, evidentemente, crucial para se obter a tutela jurisdicional levando em consideração o binômio direito buscado versus o que foi provado. Convence-se o Juiz, mormente, a partir das provas produzidas no processo. Daí surge a especial relevância do saneamento, vez que a fixação dos pontos controvertidos, através da delimitação das questões de fato sobre as quais recairá a atividade probatória, é essencial para as partes compreenderem sobre quais fatos o Juiz precisa ser convencido. É, também, preservar eventual trabalho inútil das partes em convencerem o Juiz de fatos não controvertidos, havendo verdadeira cooperação processual: as partes voltam suas energias ao que realmente interessa na fase probatória e o juiz economiza tempo que seria despendido na produção de provas inúteis. O presente trabalho discute tal tema a partir da efetividade e economia processual, objetivando a discussão entre, de um lado, a supressão da organização e saneamento do processo com suas consequências e, de outro, as benesses ao Juízo e às partes, em cooperação processual, ao estabelecer os pontos controvertidos das demandas.
AUTORIDADE POLICIAL:
Authors: Naves Junior Carlos Humberto , Da Silva Souza Vitor
Published: December 2024

O artigo examina o conceito de autoridade policial no Brasil, abordando sua evolução e o uso do termo no sistema jurídico e administrativo. O principal objetivo é analisar a atribuição da qualidade de autoridade policial a diferentes agentes policiais, considerando entendimento de que todos os servidores públicos atuantes na segurança pública exercem, cada qual em sua função, a autoridade policial. O estudo discute a distinção entre polícia administrativa e judiciária e como as atividades preventivas e repressivas se sobrepõem na prática. As considerações finais indicam que a autoridade policial deve ser compreendida como um atributo compartilhado por diversos agentes de segurança pública, sendo um conceito fundamental para a eficiência do sistema policial brasileiro. Defende-se a necessidade de uma visão mais fexível e integrada das funções policiais, com base nas demandas contemporâneas por segurança e eficiência. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, incluindo pesquisa bibliográfca e documental, além da análise de decisões judiciais e doutrina especializada em segurança pública.
PORNOGRAFIA DE VINGANÇA COMO FORMA DE VIOLÊNCIA PSICOLÓGICA CONTRA AS MULHERES
Authors: Leite Mônica
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo pretende analisar o fenômeno da “pornografia de vingança” como forma de violência psicológica contra a mulher, abordando a criminalização e o combate da prática dentro do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Inicialmente, serão apresentados o conceito e a tipificação da pornografia de vingança. Na sequência, será feita uma abordagem da prática como violência psicológica contra a mulher, discorrendo sobre a visão do papel do homem e da mulher na sociedade. Serão explanadas as leis que amparam o combate da pornografia de vingança, abordando a infuência dos avanços tecnológicos na prática da conduta. Ao fim, será discutido o enfrentamento do fenômeno dentro do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. O objetivo do trabalho é compreender, através do método de abordagem dedutivo, o motivo pelo qual a pornografia de vingança deve ser considerada uma violência contra a mulher, bem como entender qual é o papel do ordenamento jurídico no combate da prática deste crime.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Associated with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Taha Aza B.
Published: December 2024

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a spiral Gram-negative bacterium that causes gastritis and peptic ulcers. It has been identified as a risk factor for gastric cancer and has become a significant global health burden. This is further complicated by being associated with increasing the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study aimed to evaluate the possible associations between Hp infection and T2D, as well as its impact on glycated hemoglobin. A 1:1 matching case–control study is conducted on 548 individuals with T2D as cases and 548 controls, and a 14C-urea breath test is used to determine the presence of Hp infection. All diabetic subjects are tested for glycated hemoglobin, and binary logistic regression analysis is used to evaluate the associations between Hp infection and T2D. The prevalence of Hp infection is higher among cases (58.94%) than control subjects (38.69%) (p < 0.001). A significant association is observed between Hp infection and T2D according to logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.275; 95% CI: 1.786-2.898; p < 0.001), and there is a significant association (p = 0.022) between glycated hemoglobin levels and Hp infection. Individuals infected with Hp had a higher-level glycated hemoglobin (7.84 ± 1.797) than Hp-negative individuals (p < 0.001). Hp infection is associated with elevated glycated hemoglobin levels. Type 2 diabetes is considered a risk factor for developing Hp infection.
Soil test based nourishment to enhance yield attributes, nutrient-uptake, pigment and economics of beetroot grown in western ghats of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Arulmani R , Sellamuthu KM , Maragatham S , Senthil A , Thamaraiselvi SP , Malathi P , Sridevi G
Published: December 2024

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is a widely cultivated root vegetable globally known for its significant health benefits. This study was conducted on a farmer’s field in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu's Western Ghats, using the Improved Crystal Hybrid beetroot variety, to evaluate the effects of varying dosages of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and integrated nutrient management systems on yield attributes, nutrient uptake, pigment content, and cost-effectiveness. The experimental trials were carried out in Kadanad Village during the winter of 2024 and in Emerald Village during the summer of 2024. The treatments included untreated nutrient controls, a general fertilizer recommended dose (GFRD), GFRD combined with Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) inorganic-based nutrient doses targeting yields of 350, 400, and 450 q ha-1, STCR integrated-based nutrient doses with the same yield targets, and the farmer’s standard fertilizer application. The findings showed that the treatment with 1.80 N + 2.33 P2O5 + 1.16 K2O q ha-1 combined with FYM @125 q ha-1 (T3) achieved the largest root diameter (8.76 cm), root perimeter (28.67 cm), total root length (20.40 cm), edible root length (8.1 cm), root fresh weight (264.51g per plant), root dry weight (23.53g per plant), root yield (442.10 q ha-1), nutrient uptake of  N (181.65 kg ha-1), P (35.26 kg ha-1), K (195.98 kg ha-1), and pigment content (total betalain 138.02 mg 100g-1 FW, betacyanins 93.34 mg 100g-1 FW,  betaxanthins 44.68 mg 100g-1 FW). This treatment also achieved the highest gross revenue (1,326,300Rs.), net income (1,100,300Rs.), and benefit-cost ratio (4.87:1).
Dissecting the tolerance to combined drought and high temperature stress in foxtail millet (Setaria italica ) using gas exchange response and plant water status
Authors: Gowsiga S , Vijayalakshmi D , Santhosh GP , Srividhya S , Sivakumar R , Iyanar K , Kokiladevi E , Sivakumar U
Published: December 2024

Foxtail millet is an early maturing crop and has high water use efficiency, suitable for arid and semi-arid regions. Climate models predicted that the average rise in global temperature will be 1.5 ? in the next two decades.  There will be an altered rainfall pattern along with a high occurrence of heat waves in foxtail millet growing regions. Therefore, understanding the response of foxtail millet to combined drought and high-temperature stress is the need of the hour. Twenty-four foxtail millet genotypes were sourced from the Indian Institute of Millet Research (IIMR), Hyderabad and Centre of Excellence, Athiyandhal. The experiment was carried out in rain-out shelter in the Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) by adapting an augmented design. All the checks alone had two replications. The plants were subjected to combined drought and high-temperature stress from peak vegetative to mid grain filling stage. Physiological and yield traits were evaluated under combined drought and high-temperature stress. The results revealed that Athiyandhal genotype ISe- 15 had better tolerance to combined drought and high-temperature stress than the other genotypes taken for the study. This genotype performed well for physiological traits such as chlorophyll index (45.76), relative water content (RWC) (69.51%) stomatal conductance (0.35 mol m-2s-1), and transpiration rate (3.19 mmol m-2s-1). Better physiological performance resulted in higher 1000 seed weight and grain yield in the tolerant genotype ISe- 15.