bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online Payment Systems: Prospects and Constraints in Developing Countries
Authors: John Ugah , John Nwodo , Sunday Yunisa
Published: October 2024

The future of online payment systems in developing countries is promising, although it comes with some challenges. This paper tries to explore these prospects, the associated constraints and possible approaches that could enable more gains in the adoption of the payment system. In this work, survey method was adopted to extract, the opinions of the users of the system. We considered the use of questionnaire tool for data gathering. This was done randomly online for a wider coverage of respondents across nations with special interest on respondents residing in developing countries particularly in Nigeria. The Data gathered helped to identify any prospects in online payment systems in developing countries and any associated constraints in it. To achieve this, over 100 internet users were selected for the survey. The selection was heterogeneous, cutting across various ages; public and civil servants; students in tertiary institutions; academia, political class. An open-ended question was included to enable respondents to contribute their opinions on the subject and responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the survey showed that 96.3 % of the 81 respondents, resides in developing country, only 3.7 resides in developed countries. This makes it a suitable sample group for the survey. All the respondents are using online payments system for most of their financial transactions. 83.8% of the respondents frequently make use of Online payment system, while 16.2% also uses online payment systems but rarely. The result also revealed that Online Payment systems can bring more benefits to individuals and businesses in developing countries. 97.5% of the respondents affirmed this claim while the remaining 2.5% were indifferent.
Decentrailized E-Voting System Using Blockchain
Authors: Burmi Sarthak , Barik Soumya Ranjan , . Deepanshi
Published: October 2024

This research paper examines the implementation of an electronic voting application using blockchain technology, specifically employing Solidity and Ethereum smart contracts. It explores how blockchain can enhance election processes by ensuring security, immutability, and transparency in electronic voting systems
Forecasting Outpatient Visits At Marimanti Level 4 Hospital: Time Series Analysis Using Sarima Model
Authors: Rono Kenneth Kipchoge , Muriithi Dennis K. , Mwangi Daniel M.
Published: October 2024

The outpatient department (OPD) is the first point of contact in all hospitals, and patients create opinions about the hospital based on the quality of service they receive at OPD. The purpose of the study is to develop a Statistical model to forecast outpatient attendance at Marimanti Level 4 Hospital using SARIMA modeling. Monthly outpatient visits data obtained from Marimanti level 4 hospital (from January, 2013 to December, 2023) was used in the study. R and R Studio software were used for data analysis. The study employed the Box-Jenkins technique in modelling. The model that minimized the Information criteria was deemed the most plausible among a set of competing models. SARIMA (0,1,2) (2,1,1)12 was the best model (AIC = 1139.56, BIC = 1154.52). The forecasting accuracy of the model was evaluated using the MAPE = 1.66% and MASE = 0.47%. Generally, the 2 years ahead forecast showed an increasing trend. Therefore, the hospital Management ought to take into consideration the forecasts to enable them prepare adequately in terms of resource allocation and planning purposes.
AI In Enhancing Human-Machine Interaction In Manufacturing
Authors: Singh Tarun
Published: October 2024

This paper discusses the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on human-machine interaction (HMI) in manufacturing while covering various AI technologies, such as Augmented Reality (AR) and Machine Learning (ML), also their role in improving Operational efficiency, Error reduction and Cost savings. Along with detailed analysis of quantitative data, it addresses comparative review of AI technologies, ethical considerations, implementation challenges and practical case studies to show real-world applications as well. It concludes with future directions and some recommendations for further research
“A Review Of The Study Of Estimation Of The Concentration Of Particulate Matter Over Chhatrapati Sambhajinager (M.S) City Using Remote Sensing”
Authors: Wanjule Ravindra.V. , Mangulkar Madhuri,N.
Published: October 2024

India’s ongoing population explosion has imposed a great strain on the country’s environment. This rapid growth in population along with urbanization and industrialization has placed lot of pressure on India’s infrastructure and natural sources. Forests destruction, soil erosion, water pollution and lowering of the level’s quality continue to hinder economic development in under developed and rural region of India. The rapid urbanization and subsequently industrialization in India leads degrading environmental condition in metro cities in India. Chhatrapati Sambhajinager cannot be an exception Chhatrapati Sambhajinager is one of the most affected cities where air particulate matters (PM) have been registered at the levels more than 10 times our country’s legal limit (Ninawe et-al 2010). Despite of introducing legal policy measures in India air pollution remained major concern. In many urban areas including Chhatrapati Sambhajinager, there is high level of pollution. This cause increase in the levels of air pollution including deforestation that is causing human health hazards. In India aggravation of air pollution is owing to the rapid and growth in the size of cities. The movement of people from one place to other helped to Increase in consumption pattern, unplanned urban and industrial development is the main causes of air pollution in big cities of India that resulted the worst. (Chitale et-al 2010). In India, the most severe problem of environment comes in varied forms including vehicular emissions and unsaturated industrial smoke. This has resulted in bringing about adverse effect on population and cities are unable to implement pertinent pollution control mechanism. High concentration of pollution in India is not due to absence of a sound environment legal regime, but is due to lack of environmental enforcement at the local level. Regulatory reforms aimed to improving the air pollution problem in most of the metro cities. To my knowledge this might be the first attempt in Maharashtra, to produce high-resolution of particulate matter and gaseous NO2 and SO2 pollution surface, making use of remote sensing data (Kourase et-al 2010). The outcome of this research work will be made available to help expose health research in this polluted and densely populated region
Effect Of Post-Curing Treatment Temperature On The Tensile Strength And Impact Resistance Of Coconut Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Fazal Muhammad Rafli , Rizal Syamsul , Yanis Muhammad , Mataram Agung
Published: October 2024

Composite material is an engineered material created by combining two or more materials to produce enhanced mechanical properties compared to its constituent materials. This study focuses on natural fiber composites using coconut fiber as reinforcement with a polyester matrix. Post-curing treatment is applied to improve the mechanical strength of the composite. Post-curing is a heating process at a specific temperature aimed at enhancing the properties of the composite. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of post-curing temperature on the impact strength of polyester-coconut fiber composites. The specimens were fabricated using the mixing method for material blending and hand lay-up for composite formation, following the standards of ASTM D638-02 Type I and ASTM D256 for impact testing. The specimens were heated in an oven at various temperatures: non-post curing, 110°C, 120°C, and 130°C, each for one hour. Impact testing was conducted using a Mory Testing Machine. The results showed that the composite with a post-curing temperature of 120°C achieved optimum tensile strength of 9.2 N/mm² and impact strength of 0.1663 J/mm². Based on these findings, the polyester-coconut fiber composite can be used as material for particleboard type 100 and meets the SNI 03-2105- 1996 standards for tensile and impact strength. Additionally, this composite has the potential to be used as an alternative material for manufacturing SNI-standard helmet
Dégradation des formations de galeries forestières des rivières liée aux activités anthropiques au Mali-Sud
Authors: TRAORE Lassina , ISSA Massoudou , KONE Bérédougou , KAREMBE Moussa
Published: October 2024

Durant ces dernières décennies, les galeries forestières subissent diverses pressions anthropiques. La présente étude vise à cerner l’état de la dégradation des espèces végétales ligneuses des galeries forestières des rivières Bagoé, Baoulé et Sankarani. Ces affluents du fleuve Niger et du fleuve Sénégal forment la quasi-totalement du réseau hydrographique au Mali-Sud. L’objectif général est d’amener les populations locales à se rendre compte des impacts de leurs activités sur ces galeries en vue de les amener à un changement de comportement. Nous cherchons à vérifier l’hypothèse que les galeries forestières du Sud-Mali constituent un milieu écologiquement instable et fragile subissant une dégradation accélérée liée en partie aux activités des populations locales. Pour faire ce travail une enquête socioéconomique, des relevés phytoécologiques et des inventeurs dendrométriques ont été réalisés. Il ressort de cette étude que les galeries forestières des rivières au Sud-Mali sont caractérisées par des peuplements ligneux de hauteurs très variables, avec un taux de recouvrement de 20 à 80%. Elles subissent deux catégories de destruction ; celle occasionnée par les différentes activités humaines telles que la déforestation, la production de charbon de bois, la recherche anarchique de l’or, l’extraction de sable et la pêche avec du matériel non conventionnel, les pesticides, les surpâturages des galeries forestières ; les feux de brousse et celle liée à des phénomènes naturels, tels que l’aridité, l’érosion. La responsabilité de la destruction des bordières au Sud du Mali a été attribuée aux activités anthropiques à un taux d’affirmation de 110% des populations riveraines interrogées. Il s’avère donc nécessaire, pour une meilleure protection de ces écosystèmes particuliers de conservation, d’étudier leur dégradation
Cost-Benefit Analysis of converting vintage cars into EVs in India
Authors: Agarwal Shivansh
Published: October 2024

Overview The following research paper attempts to analyses the viability of retrofitting old car models to electric cars in India. The increasing global problem of climate change and the developments in the area of electric cars make the concept of rebirth of old cars into EV’s a perfect marriage of youth into age. India with its tradition of having presence of vintage cars from quite some time can quite rightly wish for such a change. As it is this research aims to gather what one stands to gain both financially and non-financially by converting old model cars to EVs, PHEVs some of the questions included are; feasibility of the idea, cost, and its market. Purpose and objectives of the study The primary objective of this work is to provide the systematic analysis of the potential costs for the implementation of the change of the old generation vehicles to the electric propulsion system with regard to the initial capital outlay and recurrent costs and subsidies in India. Thus, the study seeks to also determine the prisms that underpin, the benefits in such conversion in terms of; Environmental gains for instance emission of carbon, economical gain such as cost of fuel, and the; social gain which is conservation of vintage cars. In this paper therefore, the authors endeavor to provide what they hope will be a useful analysis of the cost and issues involved in retrofitting old cars to make them electrically propelled, with a view to helping owners, businesses and governance institutions to make the right decision regarding this innovation. Its objectives are to find out if the benefits of environmental and economic nature will outweigh the costs and whether there is a market for remanufactured old model electric cars. Besides, this work will examine the factors that may be thought to slow this trend in the future such as technicalities, law demands and customers’ perceptions. This research assumes importance especially at this time in relation to India where there has been earlier association with cars of certain years of manufacture and especially the government to support its desire to champion massive usage of EV to tackle problems of pollution and use of fossil fuel. Therefore, this study will also contribute to the existing discussion on the gap of increasing the shares of sustainable transportation keeping the historic vehicles intact. The results could also include directions for the policymakers and the automobile enthusiasts who wishing to proceed with the change over from classic autos to electric automobiles as a possible and viable process.
Analysis Of Land Use And Land Cover Changes In Port Harcourt Metropolis Using Geospatial Techniques
Authors: Amaefuna Regina Oluchi , Chukwudi Dollah Osademe
Published: October 2024

The study examined Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Port Harcourt Metropolis Using Geospatial Techniques from 1990 to 2020. The study made use of geospatial and longitudinal data sourced from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), employing Google Earth Engine to analyse Landsat and Google Earth Imagery of the area. Utilizing satellite imagery with a spatial resolution of 30 meters by 30 meters, supplemented with high-resolution Google Earth imagery, the study offers an extensive concept of the dynamic changes in land use in the four epochs of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The methodology entails processing and analysing satellite images to identify and classify different land use and land cover types as well as tracking their changes over time. This technique allows for precise mapping and assessment of the trend, extent, rate, and spatial patterns of land use changes. The study employed supervised classification, change detection, and temporal analysis, to ensure robust and accurate results. ANOVA statistics was deployed to test the stated hypothesis for the study. The findings revealed a drastic reduction in land use coverage for the various land use classes in the epochs studied. Open spaces showed a reduction from 62,262.2ha (58.92%) in 1990 to 41,832ha (39.32%) in 2020; farmland reduced from 21,172.5ha (20.04%) in 1990 to 1,474.65ha (1.4%) in 2020; built-up area increased from 9,006.03ha (8.52%) in 1990 to 41,502.8 (39.28%) in 2022; water bodies increased from 1,529.73ha (1.45%) in 1990 to 3,424.32ha (3.24%) in 2020. These changes have profound implications for environmental sustainability, urban planning, and resource management in the area. The study concludes that there has been substantial land use and land cover changes in Port Harcourt metropolis, driven primarily by urbanization. Thus, it is recommended that the government implement stricter urban planning and sustainable land management practices to mitigate the impact of rapid land use and land cover changes in Port Harcourt
JP Morgan Chase
Authors: Gupta Tripti
Published: October 2024

The following research has been based on the company profile and capital structure of JP Morgan. The notion was to analyze and find the fault lines for a potential employer. In this research, it has been clear that the brand name and reputation of JPM acts as a strong influence over the market. However, because of the economic meltdown in the market, the total debt to equity ratio and cost of capital has drifted away from the ideal value. It was analyzed that SVA model is more appropriate for analyzing the performance of the shareholders as well as the organizational structure of the company. The recent and potential merger and acquisitions are analyzed and thus far a potential synergy is established between Viacom and JPM. The discussion of HRM as well as other sectoral review also substantiate dif erent the assertions made in the report
Review On Potato Peels: Great Sources Of Healthy Ingredients
Authors: Paik Dr. Sankar Prasad , Majumder Dr. Subrata , Hazra Dr. Arindam Ghosh
Published: October 2024

The potato is one of the mankinds and valuable food crops. Potatoes are also fat-free, gluten-free, plant-based, affordable, and a quality carbohydrate. Since potatoes are the common vegetable in kitchen and huge quantity used per day, so like many others, we also throw potato peels into the garbage bin for disposed it. Due to high content of polyphenols and phenolic acids in potato peels it act as a strong natural antioxidant and recorded to be 10 times higher than their flesh concentration and useful to reduced hyperglycemia, oxidative stress etc. Peels of potatoes are the good source of iron, potassium, calcium and Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is the predominant vitamin in potatoes. Also several B vitamins (niacin, folic acid, riboflavin, thiamin, and pyridoxine) are present in peels of potato. In a word potato peels are the natural source of major nutrients, vitamins. In this review paper, We mainly emphasis on the chemical compositions, nutritional values and other applications of potato peels
Climate Change Trends And Its Effects On The Production Of Selected Food Crops: Evidence From Amaro Kelle District Of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Nwofoke Christian , Baya Baynachew Bargissa , F.I Anagah , Rosemary Odom C.N. Nwobegu
Published: October 2024

Amaro Kelle district of Southern Ethiopia is a rainfall-based agricultural districts that is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and risk. This study analyzed climate change trends and effects on the selected food crops production: evidence from the Amaro Kelle district of Southern Ethiopia. Secondary data on climate change trends and food crop production from the Ethiopian national meteorological agency and the Amaro Kelle agricultural and rural development office were used for the study. Microsoft Excel was used to analyze the data on temperature, rainfall and crop production trends. The result on Trend analysis showed an increase in maximum and minimum temperatures at the rate of 0.056 and 0.0787 0C per 32 years, while there is a decrease in annual rainfall at the rate of -7.6012 mm per 32 years. These climatic conditions increased maize and sorghum productivity at the rate of 713.69 and 376.56 tonnes per 12 years, respectively, and decreased productivity of teff and wheat at the rate of -2618.5 and -30.892 tonnes per 12 years, respectively. These findings indicated that climate change positively and negatively affected the district's food crop production and food security. Finally, the study recommends that farmers in the district should focus on the cultivation of those crops that correlate positively with increasing temperature and decreasing rainfall trend in the study area.
Quality Of Drinking Water In An Area With High Gold Panning Activity In Côte d'Ivoire (Daloa, Centre-West)
Authors: Adepo Aholia Jean-Baptiste , Manda Pierre , Akouaba Brahoua Edy
Published: October 2024

Background: Gold panning has experienced remarkable growth in recent decades in Côte d’Ivoire. This activity contributes substantially to local economies. However, the use of toxic chemicals has an impact on human health and the environment, particularly water resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of contamination of drinking water by metallic trace elements, cyanide and pesticides in an area with high gold panning activity in Côte d'Ivoire. Materials and Methods: Five (5) surface water samples and 5 well water samples were collected in the area of the gold panning sites and then analyzed. The metallic trace elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Total cyanides were measured according to the NF EN ISO 14403-1 standard and the pesticides were analyzed using a UV-visible HPLC chain. Results:The average concentrations of the metallic trace elements found were 0.125; 0.002; 0.046; 0.036 and 0.009 µg/L respectively for arsenic, Cadmium, Iron, Lead and mercury in surface waters. In the well water, the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, iron, lead and mercury were respectively 0.025; 0.001; 0.009; 0.007 and 0.002 µg/L. The average concentration of arsenic in all surface water samples and three well water samples was higher than the standard set by WHO (0.01 mg/Kg) for drinking water. Lead and mercury levels in surface water were also higher than recommended standards for drinking water. Cyanide has been found in surface and well waters at relatively low concentrations. Twenty-five pesticides belonging to the chemical families of organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates and other compounds derived from urea and atrazine were found in the water samples analyzed. Farmer’s well water was qualitatively the most contaminated with the simultaneous presence of several pesticides. The sum of the measured pesticide concentrations for each sample complied with the recommendations for drinking water, set at 0.50 µg/L. Conclusion: Drinking water in this locality is contaminated by metallic trace elements, cyanide and pesticides. The quality of drinking water in this locality must be subject to permanent monitoring in order to protect the health of the population.
Determinants Of Water Access Among Households In Setegn Meda, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: L.S. Bathi, , G. M Ogendi, , S Addis,
Published: October 2024

Water and sanitation access are fundamental to human health and well-being. Globally, inadequate access to clean water and proper sanitation facilities has been linked to the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, and dysentery. Despite efforts by governments, NGOs, and development affiliates to meet this need, there is still a gap in identifying the determinant factors that affect water accessibility in Setegn Meda informal settlement in Ethiopia. To promote sustainable water access for all, It is vital to understand and address factors that come into play. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the determinants influencing water access in regions like Setegn Meda in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The target population was 600 households, with a sample study size of 200 households obtained from Setegn Meda. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and data was collected through semi-structured questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, where: percentages and frequencies analysis tests were computed. The study observed that education level, employment status, and monthly household income significantly influenced water access. The results revealed significant disparities in the socioeconomic characteristics of households, including income variability. The median household monthly income was 3,500 Ethiopian Birr, with a range from 0 to 30,000 Birr. Educational attainment levels varied, with 23% of respondents without formal education. Among the 77% with formal education, 33% completed primary education, 34% completed secondary education, and only 10% attended tertiary education. Employment status also varied, with 23% employed in the formal sector, 30% in informal employment, 25% unemployed, and 22% in subsistence farming or household duties. Despite the fact that over 90% of the respondents reported using tap water, water accessibility in Setegn Meda was found to be inadequate according to WHO and UNICEF guidelines, with challenges in both quality and quantity. There were significant associations between water treatment practices and the prevalence of water-related diseases (χ2= 9.773, p = 0.021), and between primary water sources and disease prevalence (χ2 = 3.494, p = 0.010). Typhoid fever was the most commonly reported water-related disease, followed by cholera affecting all age groups. The rank correlation value for these diseases was 0.68 (p < 0.01), indicating a strong relationship between inadequate water quality and the prevalence of these diseases. I recommend targeted interventions addressing the creation of awareness on water conservation and appropriate household water storage, economic empowerment, and water supply infrastructural improvements to enhance water quality and public health in the Setegn Meda settlement
Effect Of Drying Method On Theantioxidant, Phytochemical, Antinutrient And Selected Chemical Properties Of Turmeric Powder
Authors: Oc Ijeomah , Ic Nzelu
Published: October 2024

Background: Turmeric (Curcumin longa) is one of the known spices that have culinary uses as well as medical and medicinal uses. It is a golden spice derived from the rhizome of curcuma longa plant which belongs to the family of Zingiberaceae. Turmeric is a therapeutic plant that is consumed as a flavouring, preservative and colouring agent. Turmeric has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and phytochemical properties. The main active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin. Curcumin has free radical scavenging properties. Despite the health benefits of turmeric, few people use it partly because of the cumbersomeness of the preparation, staining and drying out of the tubers during storage. This study produced turmeric powder and evaluated the effect of drying method on the antioxidant, phytochemical, antinutritional and chemical properties of the products in view of ascertaining the best processing method in terms of nutrient retention. Materials and Methods: In this randomized controlled study, three kilograms (3 kg) of turmeric rhizome were cleaned, peeled, sliced thinly and shared into three equal parts. One part was shade dried for 5 days, the second, sun dried for 48 h and the third oven dried at 55±10C for 6 h. The dried samples were milled separately and analyzed for antioxidants (curcumin, beta carotene, vitamins C and E), phytochemicals (flavonoids, total phenol, saponin and alkaloids), antinutrients (phytate, tannin and oxalate) and some chemical properties (moisture, fat, calcium, iron, zinc and iodine). Data obtained were analyzed statistically using one way analysis of variance and means separated using Duncan new multiple range test. Significance was accepted at 5 % probability (p<0.05). Results: The beta carotene, vitamin C, E and curcumin contents were high ranging from 24.54 to 27.78, 662.24 to 1397.55, 12.54 to 17.88 and 16.39 to 17.89 mg/100g, respectively, suggesting antioxidant potential of turmeric. The high flavonoid content (7.23 to 9.28 %) indicated that turmeric may have inhibitory activity against disease causing organisms and may act as biological response modifier. The low values of alkaloid and saponin obtained maybe an indication of potency of the product. The low values of phytate (0.88 to 1.1 2 %), tannin (2.02 to 3.96 %) and oxalate (0.15 to 0.20 %) are suggestive of high nutrient bioavailability. The samples exhibited low calcium, iron, zinc, and high iodine values (1.01 to 1.63 %, 0.20 to 0.31, 1.27 to 3.11 and 7.27 to 25.86 percent respectively. Significant (p<0.05) variations existed among the values indicating drying techniques influence. Conclusion: The results obtained from the study showed that method of drying has significant effect on the parameters analyzed. Sun drying or shade drying are preferred for turmeric powder processing.
Nutrient Composition And Sensory Evaluation Of Sorghum Based Complementary Food Fortified With Soybean, Carrot And Crayfish
Authors: Aduke NoahAbimbola , Moses MakanjuolaOlakunle , Jimi AdebowaleOlalekan
Published: October 2024

The nutritional composition and sensory characteristics of sorghum-based complementary food fortified with soybean, carrot and crayfish at different substitutional levels were evaluated using standard analytical procedures. The results revealed that moisture,ash,fat,fibre,protein and carbohydrate content values range from 7.73% to 13.07%, 1.84% to 4.66%, 39.48% to 44.02%, 0.02% to 2.01%, 13.59% to 24.51% and 16.31% to 27.44% respectively. The selected minerals showed that calcium, zinc, magnesium, manganese, and iron varied from 1.61 to 15.56mg/100g, 0.05 to 4.71mg/100g, 3.51 to 8.80mg/100g, 0.22 to 7.78mg/100g and 0.02 to 6.68mg/100g respectively. Vitamin A showed an appreciable amount in the sample with the inclusion of carrot.Values obtained met the Codex Alimentarius Commission Guidelines for formulated complementary foods for older infant and young children. The sensory properties revealed that sample E (60% sorghum, 25% soybean, 10% carrot and 5% crayfish) was most preferred and this has provided a basis for the development of an acceptable complementary food that can provide the needed protein and other nutrients, thereby combating protein energy malnutrition in infants
The Background And Significance Of Sustainable Building Practices
Authors: Dhull Armaan
Published: October 2024

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Production And Quality Evaluation Of Kokoro (A Maize Based Snack) From Sprouted Maize Suipplemented With African Yam Bean
Authors: Olanrewaju Makanjuola, John , Moses Makanjuola, Olakinle
Published: October 2024

“Kokoro”, a maize-based snack characterized by low protein was evaluated for nutrients composition by supplementation with African yam bean (AYBF)flour using standard analytical procedures. The maize-based snack (Kokoro) produced from this research work was a blend of unsprouted maize and sprouted maize supplemented with AYBF at different substitutional levels. The proximate content revealed that moisture content, crude protein, fat, ash and fibre as well as carbohydrate contents ranged from 9.23-1054%, 7.82-13.13%, 20.82- 31.73%, 1.52—1.96%, 2.16-2.74% and 41.21-57.14% respectively. Increase in the levels of protein, fat, ash and fibre as the level of substitution increases was observed. Functional properties revealed AYBF can be useful in food application, most especially with cereal based crops. The pasting characteristics although revealed significant variation (P<0.05) among samples, also revealed its uses in food systems. The sensory qualities showed that sample supplemented with 30% AYBF came closely to the reference kokoro, indicating consumers’ preference for supplemented kokoro that an favourably supply needed nutrients when consumed.
Soil Quality Assessment Around Oil Palm Production Belts In Akwa-Ibom State, Southern Part Of Nigeria
Authors: D. A Ogorure, , A.E Gobo, , P.O Youdeowei, , O.C Dollah,
Published: October 2024

This study looked into soil pollution resulting from oil palm production wastes in the oil palm production belts of Akwa-Ibom State. The study utilized the experimental research design. Soil samples were collect from both the POME impacted soils and the soils not impacted (control). These soil samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis. The Analysis of Variance test was used for data analysis. Data revealed differences in soil quality between the oil palm production sites and the control site. The content values of various parameters were higher than those recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), which is attributed to the unregulated introduction of palm oil mill effluents (POME). The study found that the key soil quality parameters—including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and heavy metals—showed significant differences from WHO standards. The study further highlighted a decrease in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) in the sampled soils compared to the control soils. The study observed that soil organic carbon (SOC) increased in the sampled soils compared to the control soils, likely due to POME's effect in enhancing SOC depending on the quantity applied. Soil physical conditions, such as particle size composition (sand, silt, and clay), WHC, and bulk density, also increased in the sampled soils relative to the control site. The ANOVA results for the soil characteristics in Akwa-Ibom State were significantly different at p<0.05. This meant that there is a significant difference in the soil characteristics both at the palm oil polluted sites and the control area. The study recommended producing oil palm sustainably; the use of cleaner technologies for processing oil palm amongst others.
SMAP: Design And Development Of A Sustainable Modular Air Purifier For Energy-Efficient Indoor Air Quality Management
Authors: Han Sung Wook
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the design and development of the Sustainable Modular Air Purifier (SMAP), an innovative solution aimed at improving indoor air quality while minimizing energy consumption. The system features a modular architecture that allows for customizable and targeted air purification based on specific pollutants, including particulate matter, mold spores, and animal dander. Each module is equipped with specialized filters—high-efficiency particulate air, UV-C sterilization, and activated carbon—and operates selectively based on real-time air quality data from advanced sensors. This intelligent activation mechanism is aimed to reduce energy consumption, thus enhancing the system’s sustainability. Its modularity also allows for easy maintenance and adaptability to different indoor environments, making it scalable to a variety of use cases. Through a combination of energy-efficient components and a user-friendly interface, the SMAP ensures high purification efficiency and also contributes to the broader goal of environmental sustainability. The system’s performance, flexibility, and low energy footprint offer a promising solution for maintaining healthy indoor air quality in an environmentally responsible manner
Photoluminescence and Raman analysis of Nd3+ doped in Ytterbium Zinc Lithium Sodium Barium Calcium Aluminophosphate glasses
Authors: Meena S.L.
Published: October 2024

Glass of the system:(30-x)P2O5:10ZnO:10Li2O:10Na2O:10BaO:10CaO:10Al2O3: 10Y2O3: x Nd2O3. (where x=1, 1.5,2 mol %) have been prepared by melt-quenching method. (where x=1,1.5 and 2 mol%) have been prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Optical absorption, Excitation, fluorescence and Raman spectra have been recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4 and 6) are evaluated from the intensities of various absorption bands of optical absorption spectra. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross–section of various emission lines have been evaluated
Spectral, Thermal and Upconversion Properties of Dy3+ Doped Borotellurite Glasses with Large Stability Parameter
Authors: Meena S.L.
Published: October 2024

Glass sample of yttrium zinc lithium lead sodium alumino borotellurite (25-x) TeO2:10ZnO:10Li2O:10PbO:10Na2O:10Al2O3:10Y2O3:15B2O3:xDy2O3. (wherex=1,1.5 and 2 mol%) have been prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Optical absorption, excitation spectrum and fluorescence spectra were recorded at room temperature for all glass samples. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ωλ (λ=2, 4 and 6) are evaluated from the intensities of various absorption bands of optical absorption spectra. Using these intensity parameters various radiative properties like spontaneous emission probability, branching ratio, radiative life time and stimulated emission cross–section of various emission lines have been evaluated
Ultrasonic Velocity of Acrylates with Decane-2-ol at 313.15 K
Authors: Patil Sujata S.
Published: October 2024

Thermodynamic data involving ultrasonic velocities of binary liquid mixtures of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and butyl acrylate with decane-2-ol have been measured at 313.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. Study of thermodynamic properties involves challenges of interpreting the excess quantities as a means of understanding the nature of intermolecular interactions among the mixed components. Experimental values of ultrasonic velocities were correlated with recently proposed Jouyban-Acree model. Deviations in isentropic compressibility were calculated and have been fitted to Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. Excess parameters like specific acoustic impendence, intermolecular free length, available volume, intrinsic pressure, molecular association and molar sound velocity were also calculated. Graphical representations of excess derived thermodynamic parameters used to explain the type and extent of intermolecular interactions
Chemical Durability And Mechanical Properties Of Cementitious Matrices Containing Ashes Obtained After Combustion Of Waste From Moukondo Landfill In Brazzaville, Republic Of Congo.
Authors: Mbemba Kiélé Molingo , Loubilou Mithé Brice Mabiala , Ouamba Jean Maurille
Published: October 2024

The regular burning of solid waste in the open air and on the ground is commonplace in the Republic of Congo. Burning waste produces pollutants and ashes that can be hazardous to the soil and surrounding waters. Inadequate management of the ash generated by the open burning of household waste results in site pollution, particularly heavy metal contamination (Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn...). The aim of this study is to develop cementitious matrices containing burnt ashes that are sufficiently effective to retain the heavy metals contained in these ashes in their structure. To this end, in order to assess the chemical durability of these cementitious matrices, we carried out static leaching tests at pH=4 and 7 at 25°C in distilled water on the raw ashes firstly, and then on the 24 cementitious matrices synthesized with different ash/cement/lime ratios. The mechanical durability of the cementitious matrices was assessed using flexural and compressive strength tests. The leaching results obtained demonstrated the effective immobilization of heavy metals in cementitious matrices, whose leachates contain very low levels of heavy metals compared with those of raw ash. Flexural and compressive strength tests showed an improvement in strength from 25°C to 60°C. Several cementitious matrices doped with waste ashes show flexural strengths higher than the recommended standard for flexural strength EN1339 (5 MPa) and compressive strength X31-211 (1 MPa) after 28 days curing at 60°C
Analysis of Safety Distances in Fire Explosions at Indoor Tank Storage Facilities Containing Flammable Liquids in Neighborhood Living Facilities
Authors: Yun Jongchan , Park Jinchan , Won Jeonghun
Published: October 2024

This study analyzed the minimum safe distance required for rescue activities in a flammable liquid fire explosion in an indoor tank storage facility within a neighborhood living facility. The safe distance was derived using guidelines, accident data, and simulations of accident cases. The considered chemicals were acetone, which was used as the refined oil, and N-dodecane, which was used as the diesel. The Busan bathhouse fire explosion in 2023 was selected as the accident case. The results indicated that the safe distance in the guidelines was 50 m, and the safe distance for accident cases considering only thermal radiation was 30 m. The simulation results showed that the radiation heat and overpressure of refined oil were in the ranges of 17~52 m and 26~129 m, respectively, whereas the radiation heat of diesel oil was in the range of 19~47 m. Hence, it is reasonable to apply a minimum safety distance of 50 m, as set by the fire brigade, upon the initial arrival of a flammable liquid leak accident. To provide relief activities for a chemical rescue team arriving in the middle of an accident, it is necessary to create and provide data that can be used to set appropriate safety distances based on the characteristics of the material and environment.
Framework for Identification of Bridges in Need of Monitoring Based on Maintenance History
Authors: Lee Yongjun , Park Youngsoo , Sun Jongwan , Park Kyunghoon
Published: October 2024

Recently, advanced Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology has been implemented in structural health monitoring to help increase safety of infrastructure and the reliability of maintenance decisions. In this context, preliminary studies are required to identify infrastructure in need of monitoring. This study establishes a basis for the identification of bridges that require monitoring and selects the bridges for measurement in order to build an efficient IoT-based monitoring system for small and medium bridges. The bridges selected based on various maintenance histories and risk factors are expected to be utilized in comprehensively assessing the characteristics of the overall bridge network.
Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodine Compounds for Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Zhdankin Viktor V.
Published: March 2018

This chapter describes the preparation and properties of trivalent and pentavalent organoiodine compounds that are used as reagents for oxidation reactions. These compounds are represented by λ3‐ and λ5‐iodanes bearing one carbon ligand along with halogen, oxygen, or nitrogen ligands in a noncyclic or a cyclic (benziodoxole) structure. A detailed description of the best synthetic methods for the preparation of organoiodine(III) halides, iodosylarenes, [bis(acyloxy)iodo]arenes, aryliodine(III) sulfonates, amidoiodanes, imidoiodanes, and substituted benziodoxoles is provided. The preparation and structure of noncyclic and cyclic iodylarenes, including 2‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX) and Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP), are also discussed.
An average queue‐length‐difference–based congestion detection algorithm in TCP/AQM network
Authors: Zhu Jin , Luo Tong , Yang Lin , Xie Wanqing , Dullerud Geir E.
Published: March 2018

Congestion detection in transmission control protocol/active queue management networks remains a challenging problem in which the choosing of congestion signal is one of the most important factors. Exponentially weighted moving average of queue length, the most widely used congestion signal, is facing difficulties in detecting incipient congestion and quantifying the optimal forgetting factor. Aiming at these 2 disadvantages, we propose an average queue‐length‐difference–based congestion detection algorithm where exponentially weighted moving average of queue‐length difference is chosen as the congestion signal with the theoretical optimal forgetting factor deduced. First, by defining the queue‐length difference as the state, the corresponding state equation is derived from the fluid model. Second, we prove that the inflow traffic in state equation is a discrete‐time martingale, which can be transformed to a Wiener process according to the martingale representation theorem. Noticing that the observation of state will be coupled with noise because of the unstable transmission, the state estimation is then derived with the application of recursive least squares filter. The filter gain of state estimation, which is a function of the noise‐signal ratio, corresponds to the optimal forgetting factor in average queue‐length‐difference–based congestion detection algorithm. Simulation results in NS‐3 and MATLAB illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Ultrafast, Reversible Transition of Superwettability of Graphene Network and Controllable Underwater Oil Adhesion for Oil Microdroplet Transportation
Authors: Ding Guomin , Jiao Weicheng , Wang Rongguo , Niu Yue , Chen Liuyang , Hao Lifeng
Published: March 2018

Recently, reversible surface superwettability has attracted enormous interest, and methods to shorten the cycle time of transition have also garnered the attention of researchers. Herein, a superhydrophobic, open‐cell graphene network (OCGN) is fabricated via self‐assembly of graphene oxide and vapor ejection. Owing to the special open‐cell microstructure, the OCGNs can be transformed to be superhydrophilic rapidly within only 1 s by air plasma treatment. Moreover, the OCGNs with pure graphene composition have a high conductivity and show an ultrafast Joule heating rate of up to 20 °C s−1 at a voltage of 20 V. By means of this property, for the first time an ultrafast recovery of the superhydrophobicity for OCGNs by self‐induced Joule heating with the shortest time of 1 min is reported. The mechanism of ultrafast, reversible transition is also explored specifically in this study. In addition, the superhydrophilic OCGNs show superoleophobicity in water and their underwater adhesion for oil droplets can be controlled by plasma treatment. Finally, the OCGNs with different oil adhesion properties are fabricated and the underwater oil microdroplet transportation is realized using OCGNs. Therefore, the OCGNs with smart surface can be an excellent candidate for achieving multifunctional superwettability of surfaces.
Bismuth Ferrite‐Based Nanoplatform Design: An Ablation Mechanism Study of Solid Tumor and NIR‐Triggered Photothermal/Photodynamic Combination Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yang Chunyu , Chen Yaodong , Guo Wei , Gao Yan , Song Chuanqi , Zhang Qun , Zheng Nannan , Han Xiaojun , Guo Chongshen
Published: March 2018

Although nanomaterial‐mediated phototherapy, in particular photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), is extensively investigated in recent years, the ablation mechanism, evolution, and rehabilitation process of in vivo solid tumor after phototherapy are rarely explored yet and remain a terra incognita. Herein, a kind of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (abbreviated as BFO NPs) are strategically designed and synthesized with a desirable size and bioactivity as a brand‐new phototherapeutic agent for the phototherapy, which are of strong near infrared (NIR) absorbance, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding photophysical activity for the hyperthemia and reactive oxygen species generation. Resultantly, BFO NPs can realize simultaneous PTT/PDT synergistic therapy outcome against cancer cells and solid tumor under NIR laser irradiation. Meanwhile, for the first time, more attentions are paid to demonstrate ablation mechanism and evolution process of in vivo solid tumor after phototherapy by B‐mode ultrasonography/magnetic resonance imaging as well as histopathological analysis, all of which verify a series of physiological processes, being in order of necrosis of parenchymal cells, in situ tissue disintegration, liquefaction, and finally encapsulation process.
Materials and Wearable Devices for Autonomous Monitoring of Physiological Markers
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Haick Hossam
Published: March 2018

Wearable devices are gaining considerable attention owing to the ease with which they can collect crucial information in real‐time, both continuously and noninvasively, regarding a wearer's health. A concise summary is given of the three main elements that enable autonomous detection and monitoring of the likelihood or the existence of a health‐risk state in continuous and real‐time modes, with an emphasis on emerging materials and fabrication techniques in the relevant fields. The first element is the sensing technology used in the noninvasive detection of physiological markers relevant to the state of health. The second element is self‐powered devices for longer periods of use by drawing energy from bodily movement and temperature. The third element is the self‐healing properties of the materials used in the wearable devices to extended usage if they become scratched or cut. Promises and challenges of the separately reviewed parts and the combined parts are presented and discussed. Ideas regarding further improvement of skin‐based wearable devices are also presented and discussed.
Base‐Promoted Carbonylative Cyclization of Propargylic Amines with Selenium under CO Gas‐free Conditions
Authors: Wang Hai , Ying Jun , Lai Ming , Qi Xinxin , Peng Jin‐Bao , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: March 2018

We report here a new carbonylative procedure for the cyclization of propargylic amines with elemental selenium (Se). By usingtBuOK as the promoter, various 1,3‐selenazolidin‐2‐ones were produced without the usage of toxic CO gas. Benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl triformate (TFBen) was employed as a safe and convenient CO surrogate here, and a broad class of substrates (29 examples) were effectively transformed into the desired products in 50–97% yields under mild conditions.

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