bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la temperatura y tiempo del tostado sobre las características sensoriales del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) procedente del sector San Lorenzo, Cusco – Perú
Authors: Quispe Capajaña Mateo
Published: December 2021

El Perú se encuentra dentro de los diez mayores productores de cacao a nivel mundial, cultivándose este producto en varios departamentos siendo el Cusco uno de los principales productores de cacao, gran parte de las exportaciones son en granos entero o partido, crudo o tostado, esto indica que se debe establecer parámetros óptimos en el tostado del cacao para mejorar la oferta exportable de cacao. El objetivo es determinar el efecto de la temperatura y tiempo del tostado sobre las características sensoriales del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) procedente del sector San Lorenzo, Cusco – Perú. La metodología consistió en elaborar tratamientos con distintas temperaturas y tiempos de tostado de cacao los productos obtenido se sometieron a una evaluación sensorial determinados que la temperatura optima de tostado es de 130°C y un tiempo de 12 minutos estos parámetros se determinaron a una altura de 3800 metros sobre el nivel del mar.
Farklı Akustik Ortamların Çalgı Performansına Etkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: DEMİRAY Alper , DURAK Yavuz
Published: December 2021

Ülkemizdeki genel, özengen ve mesleki müzik eğitimi veren kurumlarda, çalgı eğitimleri ile ilgili gerek teknik, gerekse de müzikal sorunlara dair son yıllarda önemli çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu sorunlar değerlendirildiğinde çalışma odalarındaki akustik problemlerden kaynaklı dikkat dağınıklığı, odaklanma problemleri ve çalgı performansına olumsuz etkilerinin derinlemesine araştırılması kanısına varılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı; müzik eğitimi bölümlerindeki çalgı çalışma odalarının akustik durumları, öğrencilerin çalgı performansları sırasında dikkat ve meditasyon değerlerini ne düzeyde etkilediğini tespit etmek ve olası problemlere çözüm bulmaktır. Bu kapsamda, katılımcıların bireysel çalgı odalarındaki performansları ele alınarak, çeşitli çalgıların akustik açıdan farklılıklara (yalıtılmış ve yalıtılmamış odalar) göre dikkat ve meditasyon değerleri yorumlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, bireysel çalışma odalarındaki akustik durumlara göre farklı çalgıların dikkat ve meditasyon süreçlerinin nasıl etkilendiğine dikkat çekmek, mevcut olan ve yeni yapılacak olan müzik kurumlarındaki çalışma odalarının akustik donanımları hakkında fikir vermek, ayrıca benzer çalışmalara örnek olması ve kaynak oluşturması bakımından araştırmanın önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Araştırmada deneysel araştırma yöntemlerinden kontrol grupsuz son test desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırma doğrultusunda katılımcılar üzerinde akustik açıdan (yalıtılmış ve yalıtılmamış) oda değişkeninin etkilerine bakılmıştır. Çalgıları birbirinden farklı sekiz katılımcı, farklı akustik ortamlarda çalgı performansı sergilemiştir. Performans sırasında kafa bölgelerine Neurosky Mindwave Mobile 2 EEG cihazı takılmış ve katılımcıların anlık dikkat ve meditasyon değerleri üç farklı oturumda ölçülmüştür. Uygulama sonrasında her katılımcısının ayrı odalarda alınan verilerin ortalamaları alınmış ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, bütün katılımcıların dikkat verileri akustik açıdan yalıtılmış ve düzenlenmiş odada daha yüksek, meditasyon verilerinde ise bireysel farklılıklar gözlenmiştir. Akustik açıdan yalıtılmış odada çalgı performansı sergileyen kişilerin dikkatlerinin daha iyi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Geleneksel Çocuk Oyunlarının Değerler Eğitimindeki Rolünün Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: OĞUZ HAÇAT Sibel , TOPAL Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, geleneksel çocuk oyunlarının değerler eğitimindeki rolünün sınıf öğretmenlerinin görüşleri açısından değerlendirmektir. Çalışma grubu, Gaziantep il merkezinde görev yapan 30 sınıf öğretmenidir. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışma modeli ile kullanılmıştır. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, öğretmenler, geleneksel çocuk oyunlarını değerler eğitimi açısından önemli gördüklerini belirtmektedir. Öğretmenler; kültürün gelecek kuşaklara aktarımı, çocukların yardımlaşma, dürüstlük, saygı, sevgi, sorumluluk gibi değerleri öğrenmeleri, çocuklar arasında olumlu iletişimin gelişmesi, işbirlikçi öğrenmeyi sağlaması, farklılıklara saygı duymayı, değerlerin oyunlarla eğlenceli hale getirilmesi gibi sebeplerle geleneksel çocuk oyunlarını değerler eğitimi açısından öğretmenler önemli gördüklerini ifade etmektedir. Geleneksel çocuk oyunlarıyla öğrencilerin birden fazla değeri kazandıkları, geleneksel çocuk oyunlarının ders kitaplarında yeterli seviyede bulunmadığı ve değerler eğitimi açısından okul öncesi dönemde de yer verilmesi gerektiği öğretmenler tarafından belirtilmiştir. Geleneksel çocuk oyunlarıyla öğretmenlerin çocuklarda en fazla kazandırmayı amaçladıkları değerler sevgi, adalet, saygı, sorumluluk, dayanışma, yardımseverlik, dürüstlük ve eşitliktir. Öğretmenler geleneksel çocuk oyunlarıyla öğrencilerde birlik ve beraberlik sağlama, kültür aktarımı, değerlerin kalıcı olarak öğrenilmesi, farklılıklara saygı duyma , görev ve sorumluluk alma, sorunlara pratik çözümler üretme ve kendini gruba ait hissetme gibi çocuklara kazandırmayı amaçladıkları esaslar şeklinde ifade edilmiştir.
Sokratik Sorgulama Yöntemine Dayalı Geliştirilen Fen Etkinliklerinin Uygulanabilirliğine Yönelik Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: AKTAŞ İdris , KARAMUSTAFAOĞLU Orhan
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı sokratik sorgulama yöntemine dayalı geliştirilen 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıf fen etkinliklerinin uygulanabilirliğine yönelik öğretmen görüşlerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma deneyimli fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin sokratik sorgulama yöntemine dayalı geliştirilen fen etkinliklerinin uygulanabilirliğine yönelik görüşlerini ortaya koyarak öğretmenlerin yöntem hakkındaki düşüncelerini belirlemeyi amaçladığından araçsal durum çalışması desenindedir. Bu çalışma 7 (3 kadın, 4 erkek) fen bilimleri öğretmeni ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri, öğretmenlere yöntemin detayları hakkında bilgi verilip etkinlikleri incelemelerine fırsat verildikten sonra yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler ile toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler içerik analizine tabi tutularak çözümlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin ifadeleri, yöntemin kavram yanılgılarını ve eksikliklerini gidermede etkili olması ve fen programının sorgulama stratejisine vurgu yapmasından dolayı fen bilimleri derslerinde rahatlıkla uygulanabileceğini, öğrencilerin başarı, kalıcılık, motivasyon, aktif katılım, üst düzey düşünme ve iletişim becerisini arttırmada etkili olacağını ortaya koymuştur. Diğer taraftan öğrenci cevapları, öğretmen özellikleri, zaman, sınıf mevcudu gibi etkenlerin güçlüklere neden olabileceği ayrıca basit etkinlik, görseller gibi kavram öğretim araçlarıyla desteklenmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur.
Modern trends in science and practice. Volume 1
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Ukraine, SHPAK Viktor
Published: December 2021

Interdisciplinary research of modern trends in science and its practical application
How Technology Helps Protect Global Health and Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Troy High School, Parikh Kush
Published: December 2021

Whether it is mindlessly scrolling through social media, or even using voice assistant devices to order products online, there is no doubt that technology has fundamentally changed our lives. As COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths climb, new and innovative digital technologies are being harnessed to support the global response to COVID-19 (Whitelaw, Mamas, and Van Spall, 2020). With no effective antiviral treatment in sight and vaccines only just becoming available, global efforts have been focused on containment and prevention strategies. The countries with the most effective handling of the virus have successfully implemented digital technologies to aid in contact tracing, patient diagnosis through artificial intelligence, and telemedicine for remote treatment options.
Self-Sampling Devices for HPV Testing
Authors: Clark Michelle , Horton Jennifer
Published: December 2021

This Horizon Scan summarized the available information regarding the use of self-sampling devices for HPV testing as part of cervical cancer screening programs.

HPV testing for primary cervical cancer screening is not currently a part of any Canadian screening programs. However, several provinces are in the process of implementation and some pilot testing.

Self-sampling is generally as accurate as clinician-collected sampling for HPV testing.

Self-sampling devices for HPV testing could likely be used to increase participation in cervical cancer screening programs.

Self-sampling for primary HPV screening was highly acceptable to study participants.

Culturally appropriate care, appropriate educational materials, and providing people with choice in the screening process may contribute to increased uptake of cervical cancer screening.

Health care providers identified self-sampling as an area where they might benefit from increased knowledge and training.
Kuzey Ege Denizi’nden (Türkiye) avlanan Sarı kuyruk istavrit balığının (Trachurus mediterraneus Steindachner, 1868) yeni bir maksimum boyu
Authors: CENGİZ Özgür
Published: December 2021

Bir ekosistem içindeki balık türlerinin maksimum boy, ağırlık ve yaş ile ilgili bilgilerinin bilinmesi türlerin popülasyon dinamiği ve stok değerlendirme çalışmaları için önem arz etmektedir. 36,9 cm total boya sahip bir adet sarı kuyruk istavrit balığı (Trachurus mediterraneus Steindachner, 1868) 12 Aralık 2018 tarihinde Saros Körfezi açıklarında ticari bir balıkçı tarafından olta ile yakalanmıştır. Bu ölçülen boy, Türkiye’nin Kuzey Ege kıyıları için türün maksimum uzunluğudur. Burada sunulan bilgilerin balıkçılık biyolojisine ve uluslararası bilimsel literatüre katkı sağlaması umulmaktadır.
Conflicting discourses — Social constructions of corruption in Finland
Authors: Groop Catharina
Published: December 2021

The Nordic countries are generally regarded as beacons of anti-corruption. This perception also applies to Finland, where corruption is said to be conspicuous by its absence. The article at hand, however, conveys a more nuanced picture of corruption in Finland. It delves into opinions submitted during the formulation of the Finnish anti-corruption strategy, identifying two conflicting corruption-related discourses. The analysis shows that corruption is a contested concept and that views on corruption prevalence and the need for anti-corruption measures vary greatly within the national context. The article illustrates the struggle between national corruption discourses, arguing that such discourses and their overall context should be analysed thoroughly if corruption efforts are to be grounded in their setting and successful. This is the case regardless of context and thus applicable also to countries perceived as “clean and honest”.
Highland amphibians - Recalculation of data from 1990 to 2010 on the effects of extremely diluted thyroxine
Authors: Endler Peter Christian , Lingg Gehard
Published: December 2021

Experiments on amphibian metamorphosis can vary considerably in duration. The authors had set themselves the task of defining a generally applicable pooling method for metamorphosis experiments. The problem of artificial differences in variability when comparing and pooling data from several experiments was approached by normalization with respect to time based on the development of both test and the control animals. The range from 0% to 100% over which the fraction of four-legged animals progresses in the course of an experiment is divided into 10%-intervals and the 10% reference points are mapped on a corresponding scale. Each measurement is then assigned to the point on the time scale to which it is closest. In this way each reference point is assigned a value giving the number or percentage of four-legged animals at that point on the scale. Subsequent analysis was then based on the individual values for the test and control groups that corresponded to the joint 10% reference point. Normalization respect to time was done on the assumption that differences in metamorphosis speed attributable to treatment would override differences in duration between experiments. The results of experiments performed over the course of two decades (1990 - 2010) on highland Rana temporaria treated with a homeopathically prepared high dilution of thyroxine (ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œ30xÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â) are presented in full detail based on this normalization method. Differences found between treatment groups thus calculated were in line with those obtained with other pooling methods. Thyroxine 30x does slow down metamorphosis in inert highland amphibians. This was observed by five researchers in 20 sub-experiments, and it seems to be the most reliable bio-assay found in amphibian research on homeopathy so far. When experiments were performed with highland animals pretreated by hyperstimulation with molecular thyroxine, slowing down of metamorphosis was again observed (by three out of four researchers) in most of 10 sub-experiments.
Effects of high-dilutions in behavioural models: a commentary on critical issues, from reproducibility to plausibility
Authors: Bellavite Paolo , Magnani Paolo , Conforti Anita , Marzotto Marta , Zanolin Elisabetta
Published: December 2021

As part of a rigorous investigation into the effects of Gelsemium sempervirens on laboratory mice, we performed two complete series of experiments and published three scientific papers. A recent commentary has, however, called into question the reproducibility and validity of these findings. In this article we discuss the major issues raised by this critique within the framework of methodological aspects and the interpretation of results of high-dilution and homeopathic research. The charge of non-reproducibility is shown to be unfounded, because a same homeopathic medicine displayed the same direction of effects in two well-validated models (light-dark and open-field), albeit with nonlinear patterns. The double-blind protocols and statistics by means of ANOVA were performed appropriately and the difference between dilutions of Gelsemium (5cH, 7cH, 9cH and 30cH with variations according to model) and placebo was statistically highly significant. Our investigations brought to light some problems related with the lack of activity of buspirone and diazepam (conventional anxiolytic drugs used as control) on some behavioural parameters, suggesting that Gelsemium may have broader action, and raising doubts as to the reliability of benzodiazepines as positive controls for homeopathic treatments. Concerning the plausibility of experiments in this field, disputed on the grounds of alleged lack of dose-response effect, we note that the latter is not at all uncommon, and can be accounted for by a host of possible reasons. In conclusion, our research line showed reproducible and consistent effects of Gelsemium in laboratory mice.
Crystallogenesis of bioliquid in the homoeopathy
Authors: Zdanova Olga Borisovna , Martusevich Andrey Kimovich , Artese F.
Published: December 2021

The term ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œcrystallogenesisÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â was primarily mentioned in 1730. I. Newton in his research ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œOpticsÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Âdescribed a phenomenon of regular structure formation from salt solutions. The latter proved to be the origin of nowadays biocrystallography. Later crystallography has been also applied in pharmacy (medication synthesis) and forensic medicine (toxicology). Moreover, a number of clinically oriented works on crystallography have been issued.

This method is simple and safe for investigated people and animals. The purpose of this new medico-biological science is to discover crystallogenesis mechanisms and further to work out the criteria for estimation of various substrates bioinformation and biocrystallisation management on the basis of up-to-date accomplishments in the homoeopathy.
The activity of enzymes can be modified by homeopathic dilutions of their effectors
Authors: Malarczyk Elzbieta
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The fungal and bacterial materials are very useful for testing the influence of low and very low doses of low molecular phenolic effectors on enzymatic system of phenoloxidases when they are incubated together in the reaction space.

Aim: Searching for the model useful biological systems to study the action of diluted low molecular substances on living organisms, which is based on common physical and biochemical analytical procedures.

Methods: The fungal and actinomycetal bacterial materials from laboratory cultures as a source of common phenoloxidases, laccase, peroxidase and O-demethylase as well as the pure plant peroxidase were used in experiments described earlier [1-5]. Subsequent dilutions of low molecular phenolic metabolites, appropriate for studied enzymatic systems, prepared in 75% ethanol in the proportion of 1:100 (centesimal) and dynamized by shaking in accordance with homeopathic procedures were prepared in our laboratory. During experiments with bacterial and fungal materials and a pure plant peroxidase, which were incubated together with subsequent dilutions of proper phenolic effector, different analytic methods were used including a gel (PAGE) [4] and capillary (MEKCE) electrophoresis [5], spectral and colorimetric methods [1,2,3] as well as the electron microscopy [5].

Results: In the light of presented data [1-5], the incubation of biological material with diluted phenolic effectors induces various effects on tested enzyme activity. It changed in sinusoidal manner with an gradual growth of dilution rate of tested effectors, which was distinctly visible on the diagram when the number of dilutions was localized on abscissa and biological activity on the ordinate.

Exemplary results of the chosen experiments will be presented. For tested enzymes: laccase, peroxidase and O-demethylase, the distance between maximal points of enzymatic activity, shown on a sine curve, repeats more often every 10 subsequent centesimal dilutions. Along with the extension of incubation period the displacement of maximal and minimal points on curve were noticed, which revealed a dynamic aspect of studied phenomenon.

Conclusions: Fungal and bacterial cells seem to be a very convenient material for studying the action of diluted metabolites on enzymatic systems because their popular presence in environment. Results of all experiments confirmed the same nature of the mentioned observations. Because other authors had similar conclusion concerning human [6,7] and plant materials [8,9], the described relations seem to be common in natural world. It could also be stressed that the therapeutic effect of homeopathic remedies could be based on the mechanism described above and it is highly probable that it leads to a normalisation of disturbed enzyme systems in the living organisms.
Search for a molecular mechanism of action of the potentized homeopathic drugs in living organisms
Authors: Khuda-Bukhsh Anisur Rahman
Published: December 2021

The mechanism of action of the potentized homeopathic drugs, particularly those diluted beyond AvogadroÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â€žÂ¢s limit, is still a debatable issue and various hypotheses in this regard have been advocated by many. In our studies since 1980, we found that certain ultra-highly diluted homeopathic remedies could produce ameliorative effects in various model test organisms like bacteria, fungus, mice and human beings, while the succussed alcohol (placebo) could not. These drugs could antagonize/ameliorate several types of experimentally induced tumors/cancers in mice as evident from electron microscopic studies and certain specific cancer biomarkers. They also demonstrated significant effect on cell viability and apoptotic effect (mostly mitochondria mediated) on cancer cells in culture (also in experimental mice), as revealed from various assays like AnnexinV-FITC, TUNEL, DNA fragmentation, DAPI, COMET, HOECHST 33258, Rhodamine 123 etc while the succussed alcohol (ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œvehicleÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â) failed to show such effect. Expression of some key signal proteins and mRNA expressions like Bcl2 family proteins, Cytochrome c, Apaf 1, PARP, Caspase family, p53 and p38 etc in experimental mice model could be modulated by potentized homeopathic drugs. Under arsenic stress, the bacterium Escherichia coli, and the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and macrophage cells in culture responded favorably to the treatment of potentized homeopathic drug, Arsenicum Album 30C and homeopathically prepared Glucose 30C, as evident from modulation of several parameters like ROS accumulation, SOD activity, lipid peroxidation and expression level of certain relevant genes (Ars B, pts-G genes using real-time PCR) denoting detoxification, mainly via arsenic removal mechanism and suitable enzymatic modulation. Ultra-highly diluted potentized drugs (at potency 30C or above) could demonstrate protective changes simultaneously in multiple parameters (most of them under genetic control) of study, and their action continued for sometime even after the drugs were withdrawn; this indicates the ability of the drugs to trigger ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œgene actionÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â involving up-regulation or down-regulation of a cascade of downstream genes, getting the recovery process into motion. The convincing evidences that support a ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã…â€œgene regulatory hypothesisÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â to explain the molecular mechanisms of action of the potentized drugs will be discussed in the light of some of our recent experimental findings on fungus, bacteria and bacteriophages.
Differentiation and modulation of phagocyte activity in murine granuloma after treatment with thymulin 5cH
Authors: Bonamin Leoni , Sato Cesar , Santana Fabiana , Cardoso Thayna Neves , Coelho Cideli Paula , Osugui Lika , Popi Ana Flavia , Hurtado Elisabeth Cristina
Published: December 2021

In previous studies, it was found that thymulin (thymic hormone), when prepared in homeopathic 5CH dilution, can modulate diseases progress and immune processes, such as virus infection in poultry and experimental tumor development. This project aims to study the immune modulatory mechanisms of thymulin 5CH in granulomatous experimental model induced by BCG in mice, with special focus on the phagocytes differentiation from peritoneal B1 stem cells and on the activity of these cells and lymphocyte cooperation at the injury site. Male adult Balb/c mice were inoculated with BCG into the footpad to induce granuloma and its cells were evaluated by histomorphometric methods (Ziehl-Neelsen staining of macrophages) and flow cytometry. The phenotypic characterization of phagocytes, T and B lymphocytes in the peritoneum and regional lymph node was done. Thus, CD11b (activated phagocytes and B1 cells), CD19 (B1 cells and B2), CD23 (B2 cells), CD5 (B1 cell subtypes and T cells), CD4, CD8 (effective T lymphocytes) and CD25 (regulatory lymphocytes) positive cells were quantified. After 21 days of infection, the differentiation of B1 peritoneal stem cells into phagocytes reached the peak, being higher in thymulin-treated mice (X2, p=0.0001). Simultaneously, the number of infected phagocytes in the lesion decreased (KW, p=0.001), indicating remission of the infection. The number of B1 derived phagocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the local lymph node increased in thymulin-treated mice (X2, p=0.0001), at the same time. No difference was seen regarding to CD25+ cells. The results show that thymulin 5CH treatment is able to improve the granuloma inflammatory process by modulating local and systemic phagocyte differentiation, as well as T cell migration into the local lymph node.
Measurement report: Three years of size-resolved eddy-covariance particle number flux measurements in an urban environment
Authors: Straaten Agnes , Weber Stephan
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Size-resolved particle number fluxes in the size range of 10 nm < particle diameter (Dp) < 200 nm were measured over
a 3-year period (April 2017–March 2020) using the eddy-covariance
technique at an urban site in Berlin, Germany. The observations indicated
the site as a net source of particles with a median total particle number
flux of FTNC=0.86 × 108 m−2 s−1. The turbulent surface–atmosphere exchange
of particles was clearly dominated by ultrafine particles (Dp < 100 nm) with a share of 96 % of total particle number flux (FUFP=0.83 × 108 m−2 s−1). Annual estimates of median FTNC and FUFP slightly decreased by
−9.6 % (−8.9 % for FUFP) from the first to the second observation
year and a further −5.9 % (−6.1 % for FUFP) from the second to
the third year. The annual variation might be due to different reasons such
as the variation of flux footprints in the individual years, a slight reduction
of traffic intensity in the third year, or a progressive transition of the
vehicle fleet towards a higher share of low-emission standards or electric
drive. Size-resolved measurements illustrated events of bidirectional
fluxes, i.e. simultaneous emission and deposition fluxes within the size
spectrum, which occurred more often in spring, late summer, and autumn than
in winter. Multi-year observations of size-resolved particle fluxes proved
to be important for a deeper understanding of particle exchange processes with
the urban surface and the pronounced influence of traffic at this urban
site.
The Surface Longwave Cloud Radiative Effect derived from Space Lidar Observations
Authors: Arouf Assia , Chepfer Hélène , Vaillant de Guélis Thibault , Chiriaco Marjolaine , Shupe Matthew D. , Guzman Rodrigo , Feofilov Artem , Raberanto Patrick , L’Ecuyer Tristan S. , Kato Seiji , Gallagher Michael R.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Clouds warm the surface in the longwave (LW) and this warming effect can be quantified through the surface LW cloud radiative effect (CRE). The global surface LW CRE is estimated using long-term observations from space-based radiometers (2000–2021) but has some bias over continents and icy surfaces. It is also estimated globally using the combination of radar, lidar and space-based radiometer over the 5–year period ending in 2011. To develop a more reliable long time series of surface LW CRE over continental and icy surfaces, we propose new estimates of the global surface LW CRE from space-based lidar observations. We show from 1D atmospheric column radiative transfer calculations, that surface LW CRE linearly decreases with increasing cloud altitude. These computations allow us to establish simple relationships between surface LW CRE, and five cloud properties that are well observed by the CALIPSO space-based lidar: opaque cloud cover and altitude, and thin cloud cover, altitude, and emissivity. We use these relationships to retrieve the surface LW CRE at global scale over the 2008–2020 time period (27 Wm−2). We evaluate this new surface LW CRE product by comparing it to existing satellite-derived products globally on instantaneous collocated data at footprint scale and on global averages, as well as to ground-based observations at specific locations. Our estimate appears to be an improvement over others as it appropriately capture the surface LW CRE annual variability over bright polar surfaces and it provides a dataset of more than 13 years long.
Not all biodiversity rich spots are climate refugia
Authors: Kocsis Ádám T. , Zhao Qianshuo , Costello Mark J. , Kiessling Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Anthropogenic climate change is increasingly threatening
biodiversity on a global scale. Rich spots of biodiversity, regions with
exceptionally high endemism and/or number of species, are a top priority for
nature conservation. Terrestrial studies have hypothesized that rich spots
occur in places where long-term climate change was dampened relative to
other regions. Here we tested whether biodiversity rich spots are likely to
provide refugia for organisms during anthropogenic climate change. We
assessed the spatial distribution of both historic (absolute temperature
change and climate change velocities) and projected climate change in
terrestrial, freshwater, and marine rich spots. Our analyses confirm the
general consensus that global warming will impact almost all rich spots of
all three realms and suggest that their characteristic biota is expected to
witness similar forcing to other areas, including range shifts and elevated
risk of extinction. Marine rich spots seem to be particularly sensitive to
global warming: they have warmed more, have higher climate velocities, and
are projected to experience higher future warming than non-rich-spot areas.
However, our results also suggest that terrestrial and freshwater rich spots
will be somewhat less affected than other areas. These findings emphasize
the urgency of protecting a comprehensive and representative network of
biodiversity-rich areas that accommodate species range shifts under climate
change.
Short communication: On the potential use of materials with heterogeneously distributed parent and daughter isotopes as primary standards for non-U-Pb geochronological applications of laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
Authors: Popov Daniil
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Many new geochronological applications of laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) have been proposed in recent years. One of the problems associated with this rapid growth is the lack of chemically and isotopically homogeneous matrix-matched primary standards to control elemental fractionation during LA-ICP-MS analysis. In U-Pb geochronological applications of LA-ICP-MS this problem is often addressed by utilising matrix-matched primary standards with variable chemical and isotopic compositions. Here I derive a set of equations to adopt this approach for non-U-Pb geochronological applications of LA-ICP-MS.
High resolution satellite products improve hydrological modeling in northern Italy
Authors: Alfieri Lorenzo , Avanzi Francesco , Delogu Fabio , Gabellani Simone , Bruno Giulia , Campo Lorenzo , Libertino Andrea , Massari Christian , Tarpanelli Angelica , Rains Dominik , Miralles Diego G. , Quast Raphael , Vreugdenhil Mariette , Wu Huan , Brocca Luca
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Satellite Earth observations (EO) are an accurate and reliable data source for atmospheric and environmental science. Their increasing spatial and temporal resolution, as well as the seamless availability over ungauged regions, make them appealing for hydrological modeling. This work shows recent advances in the use of high-resolution satellite-based Earth observation data in hydrological modelling. In a set of experiments, the distributed hydrological model Continuum is set up for the Po River Basin (Italy) and forced, in turn, by satellite precipitation and evaporation, while satellite-derived soil moisture and snow depths are ingested into the model structure through a data-assimilation scheme. Further, satellite-based estimates of precipitation, evaporation and river discharge are used for hydrological model calibration, and results are compared with those based on ground observations. Despite the high density of conventional ground measurements and the strong human influence in the focus region, all satellite products show strong potential for operational hydrological applications, with skillful estimates of river discharge throughout the model domain. Satellite-based evaporation and snow depths marginally improve (by 2 % and 4 %) the mean Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) at 27 river gauges, compared to a baseline simulation (KGEmean = 0.51) forced by high-quality conventional data. Precipitation has the largest impact on the model output, though the satellite dataset on average shows poorer skills compared to conventional data. Interestingly, a model calibration heavily relying on satellite data, as opposed to conventional data, provides a skillful reconstruction of river discharges, paving the way to fully satellite-driven hydrological applications.
Mixed formulation for an easy and robust numerical computation of sorptivity
Authors: Lassabatere Laurent , Peyneau Pierre-Emmanuel , Yilmaz Deniz , Pollacco Joseph , Fernández-Gálvez Jesús , Latorre Borja , Moret-Fernández David , Di Prima Simone , Rahmati Mehdi , Stewart Ryan D. , Abou Najm Majdi , Hammecker Claude , Angulo-Jaramillo Rafael
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Sorptivity is one of the most important parameters for the quantification of water infiltration into soils. Parlange (1975) proposed a specific formulation to derive sorptivity as a function of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions, as well as initial and final soil water contents. However, this formulation requires the integration of a function involving the hydraulic diffusivity, which may be undefined or present numerical difficulties that cause numerical misestimations. In this study, we propose a mixed formulation that scales sorptivity and splits the integrals into two parts: the first term involves the scaled degree of saturation while the second involves the scaled water pressure head. The new mixed formulation is shown to be robust and well-suited to any type of hydraulic functions - even with infinite hydraulic diffusivity or positive air-entry water pressure heads - and any boundary condition, including infinite initial water pressure head, h → −∞.
SMART TOURISM DESTINATION COMPETITIVENESS: THE EXPLOITATION OF THE BIG DATA IN MOROCCO
Authors: Badri H. , Hmioui A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Over the past decade, the introduction of new technologies in different markets has led to the emergence of smart destinations by providing stakeholders with effective and efficient technological solutions. The objective of smart destinations is to improve spatial competitiveness.Tourism with its focus on travel and the transfer of people, goods, and services across time and space is essentially a geographic phenomenon. The central themes of the research field of traditional geography focus on three related topics: place, space, and environment.The trend toward big data has had a significant impact on all sectors from which geographic information science has had a major impact on how organizations acquire and leverage spatial information. Looking at how organizations are using geographic information science and technology, one of the clearest themes is that usage is expanding rapidly; while traditionally the largest adopters of geospatial data have been government agencies, it is now easy to see widespread adoption of GIS across all industries. On the one hand, to act on the country's income through a wider and more targeted geographic attractiveness and on the other hand, to improve the investment fields in the most visited areas and to create a favorable tourism environment in areas whose attractiveness remains low.
ASSESSMENT OF THE VISIBILITY CAPABILITIES OF FOREST FIRE LOOKOUT TOWERS: THE CASE OF GEMLIK, BURSA, TURKEY
Authors: Akay A. E.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In Turkey, there are forest areas that are sensitive to fire in the first degree, especially along the coastline in the Marmara region and the Aegean and Mediterranean regions. As a result of forest fires, which is one of the biggest environmental disasters on forest resources, approximately 10000 hectares of forest area is damaged annually. One of the important elements of combating forest fires is early detection. In order to achieve this goal, the correct positioning of fire lookout towers is of great importance. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate visibility capabilities of forest fire lookout tower in Gemlik Forestry Enterprise Chief (FEC) located in the city of Bursa. Firstly, the visibility analysis was implemented using in ArcGIS 10.4.1 to evaluate the existing fire tower in the FEC, and then considering the potential fire lookout tower in the study area, the visible areas from both existing and new tower were determined. According to the results, while 63.55% of the study area was visible from the existing tower, this ratio increased to 77.39% when the second tower was added. When only the forest areas are evaluated, the existing tower could see 71.73% of the forest areas, while the visible forest areas have increased to 83.36% when the two towers were taken into account. It has been seen that the visibility capacities of existing towers and potential towers can be evaluated effectively by using GIS-based visibility analysis.
CODCA – COVID-19 ONTOLOGY FOR DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS IN E-HEALTH
Authors: Ismail A. , Sah M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is one of the most deadly diseases that cause the death of millions around the world. Automatic collection and analysis of Covid-19 patient data will help medical practitioners in containing the virus. For this purpose, Semantic Web technologies can be utilized, which allows machine-processable data and enables data sharing, and reuse across machines. In this paper, we propose a Covid-19 ontology (named CODCA) that helps in collecting, analysing, and sharing medical information about people in the e-health domain. In particular, the proposed ontology uses information about medical history, drug history, vaccination history, and symptoms in order to analyse Covid-19 risk factors of people and their treatment plans. In this way, information about Covid-19 patients can be automatically processed and can be re-usable by other applications. We also demonstrate extensive semantic queries (i.e. SPARQL queries) to search the created metadata. Furthermore, we illustrate the usage of semantic rules (i.e. SWRL) so that treatment plans for individual patients can be inferred from the available knowledge.
A COMPARISON OF TREE-BASED ALGORITHMS FOR COMPLEX WETLAND CLASSIFICATION USING THE GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE
Authors: Jamali A. , Mahdianpari M. , Karaş İ. R.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Wetlands are endangered ecosystems that are required to be systematically monitored. Wetlands have significant contributions to the well-being of human-being, fauna, and fungi. They provide vital services, including water storage, carbon sequestration, food security, and protecting the shorelines from floods. Remote sensing is preferred over the other conventional earth observation methods such as field surveying. It provides the necessary tools for the systematic and standardized method of large-scale wetland mapping. On the other hand, new cloud computing technologies for the storage and processing of large-scale remote sensing big data such as the Google Earth Engine (GEE) have emerged. As such, for the complex wetland classification in the pilot site of the Avalon, Newfoundland, Canada, we compare the results of three tree-based classifiers of the Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) available in the GEE code editor using Sentinel-2 images. Based on the results, the XGB classifier with an overall accuracy of 82.58% outperformed the RF (82.52%) and DT (77.62%) classifiers.
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK: TOWARDS AN IMPROVEMENT OF SECURITY POLICY
Authors: Moulad L. , Chaabita R. , Balar K.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The ad hoc network (or MANET, for Mobile Ad hoc NETwork) is a system containing a set of devices that organize themselves, thus forming an autonomous and dynamic network, communicating via radio interface. These devices can be fixed or mobile, no wired infrastructure is available, and so these objects have to dynamically discover their environment.The design of these applications is based on trust between the nodes constituting the network. Unfortunately, when deploying randomly in difficult hostile areas, seeing impossible to monitor, not to mention the uncertainty of the communication channel, the sensor nodes are exposed to all types of attacks and intrusions, which can hinder and prevent the diffusion of the information between the sensor nodes of the network, and influencing its performance.Many approaches have been proposed to solve security problems in wireless networks. The solutions can be mainly classified into two categories: symmetric and asymmetric key management schemes. Indeed it is clear, that the optimal solution in this case is to use symmetric shared key systems.In this paper, the idea of LEAP improved is to apply the same Mechanisms used in LEAP Enhanced to overcome a compromised node and also prevent a compromised base station node while using a multiple base station network, this will, on the one hand, minimize power consumption, and secondly, to replace a base station in the event of a compromise, to ensure the continuity and proper functioning of the network. The evaluation of the proposed solution was carried out using the TOSSIM simulation tool.
A REVIEW OF THE DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS IN SAFRANBOLU REGION FOR THE PURPOSE OF CLASSIFICATION FOR SEMANTICALLY ENHANCED 3D BUILDING MODEL
Authors: Aksin M. , Karaş İ. R.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. In addition to making our daily life easier with the use of it in different areas of our lives, technology continues to be used increasingly with different applications in many sectors.With the increase of developments in the construction sector, which is the locomotive of many sectors, different applications have been used in the field of modelling. But a building needs many projects such as static, dynamic, electricity, installation, furniture, etc. While these sectors are working with different software specific to them, it has been possible to work on these building projects in a single project by the help of BIM (Building Information Modelling).In addition to its function of projecting new buildings, BIM is an important development and building model in terms of preserving historical buildings, easily creating original building details, and transferring them to future generations without deterioration. The term HBIM (Historic / Heritage Building Information Modelling) has been brought to the literature by using the BIM model in historical buildings.The known history of Safranbolu district of Karabük in Turkey dates back to 3000 years. Safranbolu, which has hosted Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman empires in its history, has buildings that are still preserved with their originality. These structures were built in the pre-Ottoman, the Ottoman and the Republic periods.In our study, historical buildings such as houses, commercial houses, places of worship, inns, baths, fountains, and clock towers will be examined. Building models and distinctive features were examined to classify these structures by modeling them with BIM.While the differentiation of the buildings can be made easily by the building model, the distinguishing features of the houses built in different periods or by different civilizations were also determined in order to distinguish the housing types.While structures such as baths, clock towers or inns are not in a number that can be classified, it has been observed that there are residences, businesses and places of worship that can be classified. It has been determined that it is possible to classify the buildings by their materials, building sizes and shapes, and by their other features that can be used to classify.
CYBER ATTACKS ON SCADA BASED TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEMS IN THE SMART CITIES
Authors: Özarpa C. , Avcı İ. , Kınacı B. F. , Arapoğlu S. , Kara S. A.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. There are regular developments and changes in cities. Developments in cities have affected transportation, and traffic control tools have changed. Traffic signs and traffic lights have been used to direct pedestrians and vehicles correctly. Traffic light control systems are used to ensure the safety of vehicles and pedestrians, increase the fluency in traffic, guide them in transportation, warn pedestrians and drivers, and regulate and control transportation disruptions. In order to facilitate people's lives, it is desired to control the traffic components autonomously with the developments in autonomous systems. Cyber threats arise due to the active use of the internet and signals or frequencies in the use of modules that will provide communication with traffic lights, traffic signs, and vehicles, which are traffic components at the inter-sections of many roads in the control of central systems. The study is limited to smart traffic lights, which are traffic components. If we examine the cyber-attacks, we can see that Malware Attacks, Buffer Overflow Attacks, DoS attacks, and Jamming Attacks can be made. Network-Based Intrusion Detection Systems and Host-Based Intrusion Detection Systems can be used to detect and stop Malware Attacks, Buffer Overflow Attacks, DoS attacks, and Jamming Attacks. Intrusion detection systems tell us whether the data poses a threat or does not pose after the data passing through the system is examined. In this way, system protection is ensured by controlling the data traffic in the system.
TOWARDS EFFECTIVE PROJECT DOCUMENTATION, TRANSPARENCY, AND DATA-DRIVEN DECISION-MAKING THROUGH BIM-BLOCKCHAIN BASED APPLICATIONS
Authors: Raco F. , Stefani M. , Balzani M. , Ferrari L.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Even in the context of increasing digitisation, the construction sector continues to be characterised by redundancy, multiplication and, at the same time, a lack of transparency and disaggregation of data and information, leading to ineffective management of the time, costs and quality of the project life cycle. This paper shows the results of the development of an ICT application, TRL 4-5, based on the integration of Building Information Modeling and blockchain technologies and designed to foster digitisation processes in the supply chain, in the direction of greater transparency of information flows, knowledge-based organisations and decision-making processes based on unambiguous ordered data. Starting from a broader industrial research collaboration, the project involves a university spin-off, companies operating as system integrators and leaders in the customisation of BIM solutions for the Italian construction market. The project, launched as part of a network of public and private stakeholders established in 2019 and developed between September 2020 and March 2021, is part of a territorial development strategy financed by European Structural Funds. As a result, the research output is a prototype of ICT tool, which implements the Common Data Environment, CDE, making the life cycle management unambiguous, certified and clear. In this regard, the results of the project are meant to respond to the supply chain's need to encourage the digitisation and automation of processes, as well as to encourage the acquisition of unambiguous data, according to a big data approach.
LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF MULTISPECTRAL RTK UAVs
Authors: Sefercik U. G. , Kavzoglu T. , Colkesen I. , Adali S. , Dinc S. , Nazar M. , Ozturk M. Y.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Unmanned air vehicle (UAV) became an alternative airborne remote sensing technique, due to providing very high resolution and low cost spatial data and short processing time. Particularly, optical UAVs are frequently utilized in various applications such as mapping, agriculture, and forestry. Especially for precise agriculture purposes, the UAVs were equipped with multispectral cameras which enables to classify land cover easily. In this study, the land cover classification potential of DJI Phantom IV Multispectral, one of the most preferred agricultural UAVs in the world, was investigated using spectral angle mapper, minimum distance and maximum likelihood pixel-based classification techniques and object-based classification. In the investigation, a part of Gebze Technical University (GTU) Northern Campus, includes a large variety of land cover classes, was selected as the study area. The UAV aerial photos were achieved from 70 m flight altitude and processed using structure from motion (SfM)-based image matching software Agisoft Metashape. The pixel-based and object-based land cover classification processes were completed with ENVI and eCognition software respectively. 16 independent land cover classes were classified and the results demonstrated that the accuracies are 73.46% in spectral angle mapper, 75.27% in minimum distance and 93.56% in maximum likelihood pixel-based classification techniques and 90.09% in nearest neighbour object-based classification.