bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The management of light chain (AL) amyloidosis in Europe: clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and efficacy outcomes between 2004 and 2018
Authors: Palladini Giovanni , Schönland Stefan , Merlini Giampaolo , Milani Paolo , Jaccard Arnaud , Bridoux Frank , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Ravichandran Sriram , Hegenbart Ute , Roeloffzen Wilfried , Cibeira M. Teresa , Agis Hermine , Minnema Monique C. , Bergantim Rui , Hájek Roman , João Cristina , Leonidakis Alexandros , Cheliotis Giorgos , Sonneveld Pieter , Kastritis Efstathios , Wechalekar Ashutosh
Published: January 2023

Systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a rare and debilitating disease. Advances have been made in new treatments in recent years, yet real-world data on the management of the disease are scarce. EMN23 is a retrospective, observational study of patients who initiated first-line treatment in 2004–2018 in Europe, presenting the demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes, from 4480 patients. Regimens based on bortezomib were the most frequently used as first-line therapy; only 6.2% of the patients received autologous stem cell transplant. Hematologic responses improved post-2010 (67.1% vs 55.6% pre-2010). The median overall survival (OS) was 48.8 (45.2–51.7) months; 51.4 (47.3–57.7) months pre-2010 and 46.7 (41.3–52.2) months post-2010. Early mortality was 13.4% and did not improve (11.4% vs 14.4% pre- and post-2010); furthermore, it remained high in patients with advanced cardiac disease (over 39% for stage IIIb). There was a significant improvement for stage IIIa (14.2 vs 30.7 months, p = 0.0170) but no improvement for stage IIIb patients (5.0 vs 4.5 months). This European real-world study of AL-amyloidosis emphasizes the unmet needs of early diagnosis, and the lack of improvement in survival outcomes of the frail stage IIIb population, despite the introduction of new therapies in recent years.
Projected health impact of post-discharge malaria chemoprevention among children with severe malarial anaemia in Africa
Authors: Okell Lucy C. , Kwambai Titus K. , Dhabangi Aggrey , Khairallah Carole , Nkosi-Gondwe Thandile , Winskill Peter , Opoka Robert , Mousa Andria , Kühl Melf-Jakob , Lucas Tim C. D. , Challenger Joseph D. , Idro Richard , Weiss Daniel J. , Cairns Matthew , ter Kuile Feiko O. , Phiri Kamija , Robberstad Bjarne , Mori Amani Thomas
Published: January 2023

Children recovering from severe malarial anaemia (SMA) remain at high risk of readmission and death after discharge from hospital. However, a recent trial found that post-discharge malaria chemoprevention (PDMC) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine reduces this risk. We developed a mathematical model describing the daily incidence of uncomplicated and severe malaria requiring readmission among 0–5-year old children after hospitalised SMA. We fitted the model to a multicentre clinical PDMC trial using Bayesian methods and modelled the potential impact of PDMC across malaria-endemic African countries. In the 20 highest-burden countries, we estimate that only 2–5 children need to be given PDMC to prevent one hospitalised malaria episode, and less than 100 to prevent one death. If all hospitalised SMA cases access PDMC in moderate-to-high transmission areas, 38,600 (range 16,900–88,400) malaria-associated readmissions could be prevented annually, depending on access to hospital care. We estimate that recurrent SMA post-discharge constitutes 19% of all SMA episodes in moderate-to-high transmission settings.
Benchmark single-step ethylene purification from ternary mixtures by a customized fluorinated anion-embedded MOF
Authors: Jiang, Yunjia , Hu, Yongqi , Luan, Binquan , Wang, Lingyao , Krishna, Rajamani , Ni, Haofei , Hu Xin , Zhang Yuanbin
Published: January 2023

Ethylene (C2H4) purification from multi-component mixtures by physical adsorption is a great challenge in the chemical industry. Herein, we report a GeF62-anion embedded MOF (ZNU-6) with customized pore structure and pore chemistry for benchmark one-step C2H4recovery from C2H2and CO2. ZNU-6 exhibits significantly high C2H2(1.53 mmol/g) and CO2(1.46 mmol/g) capacity at 0.01 bar. Record high C2H4productivity is achieved from C2H2/CO2/C2H4mixtures in a single adsorption process under various conditions. The separation performance is retained over multiple cycles and under humid conditions. The potential gas binding sites are investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which suggest that C2H2and CO2are preferably adsorbed in the interlaced narrow channel with high aff0inity. In-situ single crystal structures with the dose of C2H2, CO2or C2H4further reveal the realistic host-guest interactions. Notably, rare C2H2clusters are formed in the narrow channel while two distinct CO2adsorption locations are observed in the narrow channel and the large cavity with a ratio of 1:2, which accurately account for the distinct adsorption heat curves.
Epigenetic and transcriptional regulations prime cell fate before division during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation
Authors: Madrigal Pedro , Deng Siwei , Feng Yuliang , Militi Stefania , Goh Kim Jee , Nibhani Reshma , Grandy Rodrigo , Osnato Anna , Ortmann Daniel , Brown Stephanie , Pauklin Siim
Published: January 2023

Stem cells undergo cellular division during their differentiation to produce daughter cells with a new cellular identity. However, the epigenetic events and molecular mechanisms occurring between consecutive cell divisions have been insufficiently studied due to technical limitations. Here, using the FUCCI reporter we developed a cell-cycle synchronised human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) differentiation system for uncovering epigenome and transcriptome dynamics during the first two divisions leading to definitive endoderm. We observed that transcription of key differentiation markers occurs before cell division, while chromatin accessibility analyses revealed the early inhibition of alternative cell fates. We found that Activator protein-1 members controlled by p38/MAPK signalling are necessary for inducing endoderm while blocking cell fate shifting toward mesoderm, and that enhancers are rapidly established and decommissioned between different cell divisions. Our study has practical biomedical utility for producing hPSC-derived patient-specific cell types since p38/MAPK induction increased the differentiation efficiency of insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells.
The Pga59 cell wall protein is an amyloid forming protein involved in adhesion and biofilm establishment in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans
Authors: Mourer Thierry , El Ghalid Mennat , Pehau-Arnaudet Gérard , Kauffmann Brice , Loquet Antoine , Brûlé Sébastien , Cabral Vitor , d’Enfert Christophe , Bachellier-Bassi Sophie
Published: January 2023

The human commensal fungusCandida albicanscan attach to epithelia or indwelling medical devices and form biofilms, that are highly tolerant to antifungal drugs and can evade the immune response. The cell surface protein Pga59 has been shown to influence adhesion and biofilm formation. Here, we present evidence that Pga59 displays amyloid properties. Using electron microscopy, staining with an amyloid fibre-specific dye and X-ray diffraction experiments, we showed that the predicted amyloid-forming region of Pga59 is sufficient to build up an amyloid fibre in vitro and that recombinant Pga59 can also adopt a cross-β amyloid fibre architecture. Further, mutations impairing Pga59 amyloid assembly led to diminished adhesion to substrates and reduced biofilm production. Immunogold labelling on amyloid structures extracted fromC. albicansrevealed that Pga59 is used by the fungal cell to assemble amyloids within the cell wall in response to adhesion. Altogether, our results suggest that Pga59 amyloid properties are used by the fungal cell to mediate cell-substrate interactions and biofilm formation.
Chronic low-dose Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) treatment stabilizes dendritic spines in 18-month-old mice
Authors: Komorowska-Müller Joanna Agnieszka , Gellner Anne-Kathrin , Ravichandran Kishore Aravind , Bilkei-Gorzo Andras , Zimmer Andreas , Stein Valentin
Published: January 2023

Cognitive functions decline during aging. This decline could be caused by changes in dendritic spine stability and altered spine dynamics. Previously, we have shown that a low dose chronic THC treatment improves learning abilities in old whereas impairs learning abilities in young mice. The mechanism underlying this age-dependent effect is not known. Dendritic spine stability is a key for memory formation, therefore we hypothesized that THC affects spine dynamics in an age-dependent manner. We applied longitudinal 2-photon in vivo imaging to 3- and 18-month-old mice treated with 3 mg/kg/day of THC for 28 days via an osmotic pump. We imaged the same dendritic segments before, during and after the treatment and assessed changes in spine density and stability. We now show that in old mice THC improved spine stability resulting in a long-lasting increase in spine density. In contrast, in young mice THC transiently increased spine turnover and destabilized the spines.
HDF1, a novel flowering time regulator identified in a mutant suppressing sensitivity to red light reduced 1 early flowering
Authors: Johansson Mikael , Steffen Alexander , Lewinski Martin , Kobi Natalie , Staiger Dorothee
Published: January 2023

Arabidopsis SENSITIVITY TO RED LIGHT REDUCED 1 (SRR1) delays the transition from vegetative to reproductive development in noninductive conditions. A second-site suppressor screen for novel genes that overcome early flowering of srr1-1 identified a range of suppressor of srr1-1 mutants flowering later than srr1-1 in short photoperiods. Here, we focus on mutants flowering with leaf numbers intermediate between srr1-1 and Col. Ssm67 overcomes srr1-1 early flowering independently of day-length and ambient temperature. Full-genome sequencing and linkage mapping identified a causative SNP in a gene encoding a Haloacid dehalogenase superfamily protein, named HAD-FAMILY REGULATOR OF DEVELOPMENT AND FLOWERING 1 (HDF1). Both, ssm67 and hdf1-1 show increased levels of FLC, indicating that HDF1 is a novel regulator of this floral repressor. HDF1 regulates flowering largely independent of SRR1, as the effect is visible in srr1-1 and in Col, but full activity on FLC may require SRR1. Furthermore, srr1-1 has a delayed leaf initiation rate that is dependent on HDF1, suggesting that SRR1 and HDF1 act together in leaf initiation. Another mutant flowering intermediate between srr1-1 and wt, ssm15, was identified as a new allele of ARABIDOPSIS SUMO PROTEASE 1, previously implicated in the regulation of FLC stability.
Epidemiological role of novel and already known ‘Ca. P. solani’ cixiid vectors in rubbery taproot disease of sugar beet in Serbia
Authors: Kosovac Andrea , Ćurčić Živko , Stepanović Jelena , Rekanović Emil , Duduk Bojan
Published: January 2023

Rubbery taproot disease (RTD) of sugar beet was recently associated with the plant pathogenic bacterium ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol) and reported throughout the Pannonian Plain with variations in severity. Tracing CaPsol epidemiological pathways was performed in the experimental sugar beet field in Rimski Šančevi (Serbia) in 2020–2021, where an RTD outbreak was recently recorded. A molecular epidemiology approach was applied to the study of three RTD occurrence scenarios: epidemic, non-epidemic and ‘absence of RTD’. As a result, Hyalesthes obsoletus ex Convolvulus arvensis was detected as a CaPsol vector to sugar beet, while two other cixiids were identified for the first time as vectors of the CaPsol-induced plant disease in crops: Reptalus quinquecostatus and R. cuspidatus. R. quinquecostatus was proposed culpable for the 2020 RTD epidemic outbreak in Rimski Šančevi when dSTOLg CaPsol strain predominated in the RTD-affected sugar beet, whereas R. cuspidatus had a negligible role in RTD occurrence and displayed ambiguous involvement in CaPsol epidemiology on a wider scale. The temporal discrepancy of the offset of CaPsol dissemination and disease occurrence is the main obstacle in predicting CaPsol-induced diseases. Predicting disease occurrence and severity can only be achieved by gaining a better understanding of CaPsol epidemiological pathways and insect vectors involved in disease outbreaks.
N-terminal domain of tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I regulates topoisomerase I-induced toxicity in cells
Authors: Brettrager Evan J. , Cuya Selma M. , Tibbs Zachary E. , Zhang Jun , Falany Charles N. , Aller Stephen G. , van Waardenburg Robert C. A. M.
Published: January 2023

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I (Tdp1) hydrolyzes phosphodiester-linked adducts from both ends of DNA. This includes the topoisomerase I (TOP1)-DNA covalent reaction intermediate that is the target of the camptothecin class of chemotherapeutics. Tdp1 two-step catalysis is centered on the formation of a Tdp1-DNA covalent complex (Tdp1cc) using two catalytic histidines. Here, we examined the role of the understudied, structurally undefined, and poorly conserved N-terminal domain (NTD) of Tdp1 in context of full-length protein in its ability to remove TOP1cc in cells. Using toxic Tdp1 mutants, we observed that the NTD is critical for Tdp1’s ability to remove TOP1-DNA adducts in yeast. Full-length and N-terminal truncated Tdp1 mutants showed similar expression levels and cellular distribution yet an inversed TOP1-dependent toxicity. Single turnover catalysis was significantly different between full-length and truncated catalytic mutants but not wild-type enzyme, suggesting that Tdp1 mutants depend on the NTD for catalysis. These observations suggest that the NTD plays a critical role in the regulation of Tdp1 activity and interaction with protein-DNA adducts such as TOP1cc in cells. We propose that the NTD is a regulatory domain and coordinates stabilization of the DNA-adducted end within the catalytic pocket to access the phosphodiester linkage for hydrolysis.
Predicting wind-driven spatial deposition through simulated color images using deep autoencoders
Authors: Fernández-Godino M. Giselle , Lucas Donald D. , Kong Qingkai
Published: January 2023

For centuries, scientists have observed nature to understand the laws that govern the physical world. The traditional process of turning observations into physical understanding is slow. Imperfect models are constructed and tested to explain relationships in data. Powerful new algorithms can enable computers to learn physics by observing images and videos. Inspired by this idea, instead of training machine learning models using physical quantities, we used images, that is, pixel information. For this work, and as a proof of concept, the physics of interest are wind-driven spatial patterns. These phenomena include features in Aeolian dunes and volcanic ash deposition, wildfire smoke, and air pollution plumes. We use computer model simulations of spatial deposition patterns to approximate images from a hypothetical imaging device whose outputs are red, green, and blue (RGB) color images with channel values ranging from 0 to 255. In this paper, we explore deep convolutional neural network-based autoencoders to exploit relationships in wind-driven spatial patterns, which commonly occur in geosciences, and reduce their dimensionality. Reducing the data dimension size with an encoder enables training deep, fully connected neural network models linking geographic and meteorological scalar input quantities to the encoded space. Once this is achieved, full spatial patterns are reconstructed using the decoder. We demonstrate this approach on images of spatial deposition from a pollution source, where the encoder compresses the dimensionality to 0.02% of the original size, and the full predictive model performance on test data achieves a normalized root mean squared error of 8%, a figure of merit in space of 94% and a precision-recall area under the curve of 0.93.
Asymptotic Pomeranchuk instability of Fermi liquids in half-filled Landau levels
Authors: Quintanilla Jorge , Ciftja Orion
Published: January 2023

We present a theory of spontaneous Fermi surface deformations for half-filled Landau levels (filling factors of the form $$\nu =2 \, n+1/2$$

ν
=
2

n
+
1
/
2

). We assume the half-filled level to be in a compressible, Fermi liquid state with a circular Fermi surface. The Landau level projection is incorporated via a modified effective electron-electron interaction and the resulting band structure is described within the Hartree-Fock approximation. We regulate the infrared divergences in the theory and probe the intrinsic tendency of the Fermi surface to deform through Pomeranchuk instabilities. We find that the corresponding susceptibility never diverges, though the system is asymptotically unstable in the $$n \rightarrow \infty $$

n
→
∞

limit.
Non-task expert physicians benefit from correct explainable AI advice when reviewing X-rays
Authors: Gaube Susanne , Suresh Harini , Raue Martina , Lermer Eva , Koch Timo K. , Hudecek Matthias F. C. , Ackery Alun D. , Grover Samir C. , Coughlin Joseph F. , Frey Dieter , Kitamura Felipe C. , Ghassemi Marzyeh , Colak Errol
Published: January 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated clinical advice is becoming more prevalent in healthcare. However, the impact of AI-generated advice on physicians’ decision-making is underexplored. In this study, physicians received X-rays with correct diagnostic advice and were asked to make a diagnosis, rate the advice’s quality, and judge their own confidence. We manipulated whether the advice came with or without a visual annotation on the X-rays, and whether it was labeled as coming from an AI or a human radiologist. Overall, receiving annotated advice from an AI resulted in the highest diagnostic accuracy. Physicians rated the quality of AI advice higher than human advice. We did not find a strong effect of either manipulation on participants’ confidence. The magnitude of the effects varied between task experts and non-task experts, with the latter benefiting considerably from correct explainable AI advice. These findings raise important considerations for the deployment of diagnostic advice in healthcare.
Design and tribological performance of short S-Glass fibre reinforced biocomposites on the influence of fibre length and concentration
Authors: Raju  , Loy Chee Wah , Cho Kiho , Farrar Paul , Prusty B. Gangadhara
Published: January 2023

Fibre-reinforced biocomposites usage has gained prominence over the past decade. Although higher fracture toughness was observed when fibres were added to biocomposites, material degradation could occur due to filler and fibre content intolerance in the biocomposite matrix. Optimisation of resin-fibre-filler ratios helps in increasing the tribological performance of high load-bearing applications. However, the tribological performance is less understood due to limited in-vitro studies on the effect of fibre microstructures. A comprehensive investigation of the reciprocating and rotary wear behaviour of different compositions was carried out by varying fibre (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) to particulate filler (40%, 45%, 50%, and 55%) weight fractions. The investigation aimed to identify the optimal composition of fibre-reinforced biocomposites based on the in-vitro ball-on-disc reciprocating and rotary wear tests in the presence of modified Fusayama solution. The cross-sectional areas of wear tracks were analysed using laser microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques to assess the surface morphology and subsurface damage of the wear tracks on biocomposites and the antagonist. The numerical results were statistically analysed using two-way ANOVA followed by a posthoc Tukey’s test (p = 0.05). The results showed a combination of adhesive, abrasive and fatigue wear for all the tested Groups. The friction coefficient had a longer transient period for the 5 wt% and 10 wt% Groups. Based on the surface roughness, coefficient of friction, SEMs, specific wear rate, and ease of manufacturing, the threshold limit for fibre loading was found to be 10 wt%. The rotary test had a considerably lower specific wear rate compared to the reciprocating test. Fibre weight fraction was found to be the influencing factor of the abrasive wear behaviour compared to fibre length for the tested Groups.
Comparing the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response in human milk after homologous and heterologous booster vaccinations
Authors: Mulleners Sien J. , Juncker Hannah G. , Ruhé Eliza J. M. , Korosi Aniko , van Goudoever Johannes B. , van Gils Marit J. , van Keulen Britt J.
Published: January 2023

Human milk contains SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination. These milk antibodies decrease several months post-vaccination. Whether booster immunization restores human milk antibody levels, potentially offering prolonged passive immunity for the infant, remains unknown. In this prospective follow-up study, we investigated the longitudinal SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response in human milk of 26 lactating women who received a COVID-19 booster dose of an mRNA-based vaccine. Moreover, we evaluated whether the booster-induced human milk antibody response differs for participants who received a similar or different vaccine type in their primary vaccination series. All participants (100%) who received a homologous booster vaccination showed SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in their milk. Heterologous booster vaccination resulted in milk conversion for 9 (69%) and 13 (100%) participants for IgA and IgG respectively. Findings of this study indicate that both homologous and heterologous boosting schedules have the potential to enhance SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in human milk.
Emergent behaviour and neural dynamics in artificial agents tracking odour plumes
Authors: Singh Satpreet H. , van Breugel Floris , Rao Rajesh P. N. , Brunton Bingni W.
Published: January 2023

Tracking an odour plume to locate its source under variable wind and plume statistics is a complex task. Flying insects routinely accomplish such tracking, often over long distances, in pursuit of food or mates. Several aspects of this remarkable behaviour and its underlying neural circuitry have been studied experimentally. Here we take a complementary in silico approach to develop an integrated understanding of their behaviour and neural computations. Specifically, we train artificial recurrent neural network agents using deep reinforcement learning to locate the source of simulated odour plumes that mimic features of plumes in a turbulent flow. Interestingly, the agents’ emergent behaviours resemble those of flying insects, and the recurrent neural networks learn to compute task-relevant variables with distinct dynamic structures in population activity. Our analyses put forward a testable behavioural hypothesis for tracking plumes in changing wind direction, and we provide key intuitions for memory requirements and neural dynamics in odour plume tracking.
Response of cyanobacterial mats to ambient phosphate fluctuations: phosphorus cycling, polyphosphate accumulation and stoichiometric flexibility
Authors: Jentzsch Laura , Grossart Hans-Peter , Plewe Sascha , Schulze-Makuch Dirk , Goldhammer Tobias
Published: January 2023

Cyanobacterial mats inhabit a variety of aquatic habitats, including the most extreme environments on Earth. They can thrive in a wide range of phosphorus (P) levels and are thus important players for ecosystem primary production and P cycling at the sediment-water interface. Polyphosphate (polyP), the major microbial P storage molecule, is assigned a critical role in compensating for phosphate fluctuations in planktonic cyanobacteria, but little is known about potentially analogous mechanisms of mat-forming cyanobacteria. To investigate acclimation strategies of cyanobacterial mats to fluctuating phosphate concentrations, laboratory batch experiments were conducted, in which the cosmopolitan mat-forming, marine cyanobacterium Sodalinema stali was exposed to low dissolved P concentrations, followed by a P pulse. Our results show that the cyanobacteria dynamically adjusted cellular P content to ambient phosphate concentrations and that they had accumulated polyP during periods of high phosphate availability, which was subsequently recycled to sustain growth during phosphate scarcity. However, following the depletion of dispensable cellular P sources, including polyP, we observed a reallocation of P contained in DNA into polyP, accompanied by increasing alkaline phosphatase activity. This suggests a change of the metabolic focus from growth towards maintenance and the attempt to acquire organic P, which would be naturally contained in the sediment. P overplus uptake following a simulated P pulse further suggests that Sodalinema-dominated mats exhibit elaborated mechanisms to cope with severe P fluctuations to overcome unfavourable environmental conditions, and potentially modulate critical P fluxes in the aquatic cycle.
Synergistic control of engineered nanostructures toward sensitivity and reliability of a flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor
Authors: Hwang Taehoon , Seo Jungyoon , Ko Eun , Yang Chanwoo , Lee Hwa Sung
Published: January 2023

Nanostructures for a piezoresistive pressure sensor should be considered in terms of the interdigitated contacts formed through face-to-face assembly of the two electrodes to improve pressure-detecting performances.
10th anniversary of discovering cGAMP: synthesis and beyond
Authors: Chen Chuo
Published: January 2023

This article describes how the synergy between chemistry and biology facilitated the development of cyclic dinucleotides as a potential new treatment for cancer.
A review on adsorption characteristics and influencing mechanism of heavy metals in farmland soil
Authors: Yu Hanjing , Li Chenchen , Yan Jin , Ma Yaoqiang , Zhou Xinyu , Yu Wanquan , Kan Huiying , Meng Qi , Xie Ruosong , Dong Peng
Published: January 2023

The accumulation of heavy metals in soil and crops is considered to be a severe environmental problem due to its various harmful effects on animals and plants.
Cytotoxicity profiling of choline chloride-based natural deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Popović Boris M. , Gligorijević Nevenka , Aranđelović Sandra , Macedo Ana Catarina , Jurić Tatjana , Uka Denis , Mocko-Blažek Karolina , Serra Ana Teresa
Published: January 2023

Light microscopy of HT-29 cells without (control) and after 48 h of treatment with 1% acidic NADES system (ChCl : CitA(1:1)).
Strong metal–support interactions between atomically dispersed Ru and CrOx for improved durability of chlorobenzene oxidation
Authors: Chen Xi , Jia Ziliang , Liu Zhihong , Wang Xiaoyan , Liang Meisheng
Published: January 2023

The preparation of Ru-based single atom catalysts with SMSI effect.
Magnetically agitated continuous-flow tube reactors with aspartate ammonia-lyase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Imarah Ali O. , Silva Fausto M. W. G. , Bataa Naran , Decsi Balázs , Balogh-Weiser Diána , Poppe László
Published: January 2023

Continuous-flow tube reactors agitating the aspartate ammonia-lyase on magnetic nanoparticles by two external permanent magnets within the reaction stream showed AAL-MNPs being the most efficient in the rotating magnets system.
Indirect-to-direct bandgap transition in layered metal halide perovskite – CsPb2Br5
Authors: Wu Xiao , Zhang Xiangyu , Yu Wei , Zhou Yongxiang , Wong Walter , He Weixin , Loh Kian Ping , Jiang Xiao-Fang , Xu Qing-Hua
Published: January 2023

Non-emissive CsPb2Br5 was found to convert into a highly efficient green emitter via simple thermal or photothermal annealing, which is ascribed to the thermally induced indirect-to-direct bandgap transition associated with defect formation.
Re-investigating the structure–property relationship of the solid electrolytes Li 3−xIn1−xZrxCl6 and the impact of In–Zr(iv) substitution
Authors: van der Maas Eveline , Famprikis Theodosios , Pieters Saskia , Dijkstra Jonas P. , Li Zhaolong , Parnell Steven R. , Smith Ronald I. , van Eck Ernst R. H. , Ganapathy Swapna , Wagemaker Marnix
Published: January 2023

Aliovalent Zr(iv) doping in halide solid-state electrolyte Li3InCl6: combined X-ray and neutron diffraction, AC-impedance and solid-state NMR reveal structure and diffusion pathways.
Hierarchically engineered unibody Au mesh for stretchable and transparent conductors
Authors: Lee Hye Min , Kim Min Ha , Jin Yusung , Jang Yunseon , Lee Pyung Soo , Jeong Soo-Hwan
Published: January 2023

Au conductors composed of two-dimensional (2D) web-in-web structures have been developed, which exhibit high transparency of >90% and stretch up to 70%.
A mace-like heterostructural enriched injectable hydrogel composite for on-demand promotion of diabetic wound healing
Authors: Wang Li , Hussain Zahid , Zheng Penghui , Zhang Yajie , Cao Yi , Gao Tong , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Zhang Yuehu , Pei Renjun
Published: January 2023

A schematic diagram of the gAu–CuS HSs hydrogel for treating diabetic wound healing. In situ injection of gAu–CuS HSs hydrogels programmed to promote multiple stages of the wound healing process.
Designing and controlling the Ni2+-activated (Zn, Mg)Al2O4 spinel solid-solution for phosphor-converted broadband near-infrared illumination
Authors: Chen Jiayuan , Gao Yuan , Chen Jialin , Lu Xirui , Tan Mengdie , Qiu Jianbei
Published: January 2023

Ni2+-activated Zn1−xMgxAl2O4 phosphors exhibit broadband NIR emission band of 1000–1600 nm and are utilized in the application of broadband pc-NIR LEDs.
Stability of optoelectronic materials and devices: a themed collection
Authors: Chen Zhuoying , Kabra Dinesh , Vaynzof Yana
Published: January 2023

Guest Editors Zhuoying Chen, Dinesh Kabra and Yana Vaynzof introduce this themed collection on the stability of optoelectronic materials and devices.
Applications of negative permeability metamaterials for electromagnetic resonance type wireless power transfer systems
Authors: Nie Kaiqi , Hou Qing
Published: January 2023

With the development of electric drive systems such as unmanned aerial vehicles and electric vehicles, the charging problem of power supply devices has become increasingly prominent. However, the traditional charging method requires physical circuits, which makes it impossible to achieve freedom of the position in actual use. The wireless power transmission technology, which mainly relies on electromagnetic wave to complete energy transmission, is expected to get rid of the restriction of physical space location and solve the problem of charging location, which has great potential in medical treatment, rescue, detection and other fields. However, the low transmission efficiency and short transmission distance caused by electromagnetic field leakage are the two main problems faced by radio energy transmission systems. In general, with the increase of transmission distance, the transmission efficiency will drop sharply. Fortunately, inserting a negative permeability metamaterial with extraordinary electromagnetic characteristics into the transmitting and receiving coils will greatly alleviate this attenuation trend and can also shield electromagnetic radiation to a certain extent. In this paper, some experiments of negative permeability metamaterials used in electromagnetic resonance type wireless power transfer systems are summarized for reference.
Association of GCK (rs1799884), GCKR (rs780094), and G6PC2 (rs560887) Gene Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes among Malay Ethnics
Authors: Ansari Neda , Ramachandran Vasudevan , Mohamad Nur Afiqah , Salim Elnaz , Ismail Patimah , Hazmi Mohamad , Mat Liyana Najwa Inchee
Published: January 2023

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder, and the underlying causes remain unknown and have not been fully elucidated. Several candidate genes have been associated with T2DM in various populations with conflicting results. The variations found in glucokinase (GCK), glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR), and glucose-6-phosphatase 2 (G6PC2) genes were not well studied, particularly among Asians.

Aims The main objective of this study was to determine the candidate genetic polymorphisms of GCK (rs1799884), GCKR (rs780094), and G6PC2 (rs560887) genes in T2DM among Malay ethnics.

Methods In this candidate gene association study, a total of 180 T2DM subjects and 180 control subjects were recruited to determine the genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and Taqman probe assay methods. Genotype and allele frequencies in case and control samples were compared using the chi-squared test to determine a significant difference.

Results The body mass index, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol were significantly different (p < 0.05) between T2DM and control subjects. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of GCK (rs1799884), GCKR (rs780094), and G6PC2 (rs560887) gene polymorphisms were significantly different between T2DM and controls (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Hence, rs1799884 of GCK gene and rs780094 of GCKR gene and rs560887 of the G6PC2 gene are possible genetic biomarkers in T2DM development among Malay ethnics in Malaysia.
The Role of the Microbiome in the Etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Halper-Stromberg Ariel , Dalal Sushila R.
Published: January 2023

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) result from dysregulated immune responses to environmental and microbial triggers in genetically susceptible hosts. Many clinical observations and animal studies support the role of the microbiome in the pathogenesis of IBD. Restoration of the fecal stream leads to postoperative Crohn's recurrence, while diversion can treat active inflammation. Antibiotics can be effective in prevention of postoperative Crohn's recurrence and in pouch inflammation. Several gene mutations associated with Crohn's risk lead to functional changes in microbial sensing and handling. However, the evidence linking the microbiome to the IBD is largely correlative, given the difficulty in studying the microbiome before disease occurs. Attempts to modify the microbial triggers of inflammation have had modest success to date. Exclusive enteral nutrition can treat Crohn's inflammation though no whole food diet to date has been shown to treat inflammation. Manipulation of the microbiome through fecal microbiota transplant and probiotics have had limited success. Further focus on early changes in the microbiome and functional consequences of microbial changes through the study of metabolomics are needed to help advance the field.
Endoluminal Surgery and Next Steps
Authors: Ozgur Ilker , Gorgun Emre
Published: January 2023

The expansion of colorectal cancer screening programs predicts a remarkable increase in rectal cancer diagnosis and nonmalignant polyps. While most polyps are managed endoscopically, many patients are referred to surgery. Over 30 thousand patients with colon polyps undergo surgical resection annually in the United States. Most of these surgical resections typically report benign pathology but end up with organ loss. Such organ resections may enclose significant morbidity and mortality rates. On the other hand, advanced endoscopic interventions have significantly evolved and are gaining popularity due to claiming organ preservation with low morbidity and mortality. These procedures have the potential to develop further and, in no doubt, are becoming standard of care. There are recent articles reporting successful and feasible initial incorporation of robotic systems for submucosal dissection procedures. These developments confirm that endorobotic submucosal dissection and endorobotic surgery may soon become a reality for colorectal lesions. This article aims to discuss endoluminal surgery for colorectal lesions and future directions.
Melting of two-dimensional electron clusters in a magnetic field
Authors: Syvokon V. E. , Sokolov S. S.
Published: January 2023

The molecular dynamics method is applied to simulate the behavior of two-dimensional electron clusters of various shapes containing about 100 particles. The influence of a magnetic field on the effects of ordering and disordering (melting) in such clusters is studied. The field dependence of the rms displacements of particles in clusters is determined, and the trajectories of electron motion are found as functions of temperature and magnetic field. Ordering and disordering in clusters were fixed by the appearance of characteristic features in the rms displacements of electrons in the system. Hysteresis was observed in the field dependence of these displacements at a fixed temperature. The obtained data are compared with the results for root-mean-square displacements of electrons in a two-dimensional electronic infinite crystal. The qualitative agreement was found with these results; at the same time, the field dependence of root-mean-square displacements in an unbounded crystal is much weaker than in the clusters under study. The influence of the cluster shape on ordering transitions is studied, and it is found that the shape of a defect-free cluster does not affect the transition conditions. The distribution of electron velocities in clusters is studied for various magnetic fields.
Polaronic suppression of shuttle vibrations
Authors: Ilinskaya O. A. , Shekhter R. I. , Jonson M.
Published: January 2023

A re-entrant behavior of electron shuttling is shown to occur in a nanoelectromechanical transistor made of magnetic material where spin-polarized electrons are injected into a quantum dot with a single electron level split into two by an external magnetic field. A suppression of shuttle vibrations occurs at a certain value of a bias voltage that starts to allow for transport also through the upper energy level of the dot, while for a further increase of the voltage shuttling recovers. The effect is due to a time-dependent polaronic shift of the dot energy level, which results in a reduction of the supply of electric power to the mechanical motion.
Effects of annealing on the fluctuation conductivity and pseudogap in slightly doped HoBa2Cu3O7–δ single crystals
Authors: Solovjov A. L. , Omelchenko L. V. , Petrenko E. V. , Kolesnichenko Yu. A. , Kolesnik A. S. , Dzhumanov S. , Vovk R. V.
Published: January 2023

The effect of annealing at room temperature on the fluctuation conductivity (FLC) σ′(T) and pseudogap (PG) Δ*(7) in the basal ab plane of ReBa2Cu3O7–δ (Re = Ho) single crystals with a lack of oxygen has been studied. It is shown that at all stages of annealing, the FLC near Tc can be described by the Aslamazov-Larkin and Maki-Thompson fluctuation theories, demonstrating a 3D-2D crossover with increasing temperature. The crossover temperature T0 was used to determine the coherence length along the c axis, ξc(0) = (2.82 ± 0.2) Å. At the intermediate stage of annealing, an anomalous increase in 2D FLC was revealed, which is associated with the influence of uncompensated magnetic moments in HoBa2Cu3O7–5 (HoBCO): μeff, Ho = 9.7μΒ. For the quenched sample S1, the temperature dependence of the PG has a shape typical of single crystals with a large number of defects. However, Δ*(T) has two small additional maxima at high temperature, which is a feature of HoBCO single crystals with pronounced twins and indicates the two-phase nature of the sample. Upon annealing, the shape of Δ*(T) noticeably changes, very likely due to an increase in the magnetic interaction (sample S2). More important is the change in the slope of the data at high temperatures, which has become about 3.5 times steeper. The ordering of the oxygen distribution due to the diffusion process during annealing somewhat compensates for the influence of magnetic interaction. But the slope does not change (sample S3). Interestingly, the slope turns out to be the same as for FeAs-based superconductors, suggesting the possibility of the existence of spin density waves in HoBCO in the PG state. The comparison of the pseudogap parameter Δ∗(T)/Δmax∗ near Tc with the Peters-Bauer theory revealed a slight increase in the density of local pairs < n↑n↓>, which should explain the observed increase in Tc by 9 K during annealing.
Topological features of quantum transport in bi1−xSbx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) bicrystals
Authors: Muntyanu Fiodor , Chistol Vitalie , Condrea Elena , Sidorenko Anatolie
Published: January 2023

High-quality Bi1−xSbx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) bicrystals with nanowidth crystallite interfaces (CIs), exhibiting simultaneously superconductivity (Tc ≤ 21 K) and weak ferromagnetism, are studied. A number of unusual features of quantum transport are observed, which are due to topological changes of the Fermi surface of CIs layers, as well as the manifestation of some 3D topological phases of the matter. It is revealed that the flow of Dirac fermions is sensitive to the field orientation, and the localization process occurs only at the B||CIs plane. In doing so, the dependences of the Landau level index n on peak position Bn−1 at inclination interfaces are extrapolated to −0.5 if 1/Bn → 0, as expected for the massless Dirac fermions, while in crystallites and some twisting CIs with an increased degree of imperfection, electronic states are of the Schrodinger type, since n takes integer values. At Sb concentrations of x ∼ 0.04, the high-field thermomagnetic phenomena of CI layers exhibit behavior of the 3D topological semimetals, whereas in bicrystals with 0.07 ≤ x ≤ 0.2 they manifest typical features of the 3D topological insulators.
Transverse spin effects in electron transport
Authors: Chiang (Tszyan) Yu. N. , Dzyuba M. O.
Published: January 2023

In the samples of nonmagnetic Al, Pt, and W metals of an asymmetric shape, which causes a nonequilibrium distribution of charge carriers, the transverse spin contributions of the spin-orbit interaction to the Hall and Nernst-Ettingshausen effects were studied by direct electric measurement. It is found a difference in the behavior of the spin contributions of thermal diffusion and electric nature in a magnetic field. The dependence of this behavior on the band structure that controls the profiles of spin magnetization, which is established at the edges of the sample by the accumulation of spins, is shown. An oscillographic visualization of the spin Hall effect on alternating current was carried out.
Mesh deep Q network: A deep reinforcement learning framework for improving meshes in computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Lorsung Cooper , Barati Farimani Amir
Published: January 2023

Meshing is a critical, but user-intensive process necessary for stable and accurate simulations in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Mesh generation is often a bottleneck in CFD pipelines. Adaptive meshing techniques allow the mesh to be updated automatically to produce an accurate solution for the problem at hand. Existing classical techniques for adaptive meshing require either additional functionality out of solvers, many training simulations, or both. Current machine learning techniques often require substantial computational cost for training data generation, and are restricted in scope to the training data flow regime. Mesh Deep Q Network (MeshDQN) is developed as a general purpose deep reinforcement learning framework to iteratively coarsen meshes while preserving target property calculation. A graph neural network based deep Q network is used to select mesh vertices for removal and solution interpolation is used to bypass expensive simulations at each step in the improvement process. MeshDQN requires a single simulation prior to mesh coarsening, while making no assumptions about flow regime, mesh type, or solver, only requiring the ability to modify meshes directly in a CFD pipeline. MeshDQN successfully improves meshes for two 2D airfoils.
Dry sliding wear response of aluminium matrix composites (AMCs): a critical review
Authors: Pateriya Ambuj , Pradhan Mohan Kumar
Published: January 2023

Researchers were compelled to create composites as alternatives to the already used engineering materials due to the industrial desire for fresh, promising materials with superior mechanical and tribological properties. Due to their superior characteristics, aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) with the appropriate class of particulate/particle reinforcements have been shown to have a wide range of tribological applications. A thorough evaluation of the sliding wear response of aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) in a dry environment using a pin-on-disc wear tester has been attempted in this review study. A discussion regarding wear performance of Al monolithic alloy and its composites has been made with respect to varying process parameters (e.g. normal load, sliding distance, and speed) and the concentration of different particle reinforcements incorporated in the production of aluminium matrix composites. The existing paper provides a synergic presentation of the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic variables on wear characteristics, leading to the novelty and uniqueness of this review article.
Interface engineering of an electrospun nanofiber-based composite cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Kim Seo Ju , Woo Deokyoon , Kim Donguk , Lee Tae Kyeong , Lee Jaeyeob , Lee Wonyoung
Published: January 2023

Sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics are a major obstacle to developing intermediate-temperature solid-oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs). In particular, engineering the anion defect concentration at an interface between the cathode and electrolyte is important for facilitating ORR kinetics and hence improving the electrochemical performance. We developed the yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanofiber (NF)-based composite cathode, where the oxygen vacancy concentration is controlled by varying the dopant cation (Y2O3) ratio in the YSZ NFs. The composite cathode with the optimized oxygen vacancy concentration exhibits maximum power densities of 2.66 and 1.51 W cm−2 at 700 and 600 °C, respectively, with excellent thermal stability at 700 °C over 500 h under 1.0 A cm−2. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and distribution of relaxation time analysis revealed that the high oxygen vacancy concentration in the NF-based scaffold facilitates the charge transfer and incorporation reaction occurred at the interfaces between the cathode and electrolyte. Our results demonstrate the high feasibility and potential of interface engineering for achieving IT-SOFCs with higher performance and stability.
Root of unity quantum cluster algebras and Cayley–Hamilton algebras
Authors: Huang Shengnan , Lê Thang , Yakimov Milen
Published: January 2023

We prove that large classes of algebras in the framework of root of unity quantum cluster algebras have the structures of maximal orders in central simple algebras and Cayley–Hamilton algebras in the sense of Procesi. We show that every root of unity upper quantum cluster algebra is a maximal order and obtain an explicit formula for its reduced trace. Under mild assumptions, inside each such algebra we construct a canonical central subalgebra isomorphic to the underlying upper cluster algebra, such that the pair is a Cayley–Hamilton algebra; its fully Azumaya locus is shown to contain a copy of the underlying clusterA\mathcal {A}-variety. Both results are proved in the wider generality of intersections of mixed quantum tori over subcollections of seeds. Furthermore, we prove that all monomial subalgebras of root of unity quantum tori are Cayley–Hamilton algebras and classify those ones that are maximal orders. Arbitrary intersections of those over subsets of seeds are also proved to be Cayley–Hamilton algebras. Previous approaches to constructing maximal orders relied on filtration and homological methods. We use new methods based on cluster algebras.