bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Physical Properties of Some Selected Bambusa Species of Manipur
Authors: Laishram D. , Sharma C.L , Sharma M.
Published: November 2022

Background: Bambusa is one of the three largest genera of bamboo found in India. Physical properties have direct influence on mechanical properties of bamboo. This study was conducted to investigate the physical properties viz. moisture content, specific gravity, water absorption and dimensional shrinkage of some selected Bambusa species of Manipur in order to find their suitability for various end uses. Methods: The culms were harvested at 30 cm above ground level. Each culm was divided into bottom, middle and top positions. Moisture content, specific gravity and dimensional shrinkage percentage were determined using Indian Standard Method IS 6874 (2008) while ASTM D 1034-72 method was used for water absorption test. Result: Moisture content and water absorption decreased with the increase in culm height whereas specific gravity increased from bottom towards the top portion in all selected eight Bambusa species. Dimensional shrinkage percentages exhibited an irregular pattern. Radial and tangential shrinkages were higher than longitudinal shrinkage. Analysis of variance of the physical properties among the Bambusa species exhibited significant variations at all height positions. B. kingiana is the most desirable among the selected Bambusa species due to comparatively higher specific gravity and low moisture content, water absorption capacity, dimensional shrinkage and T/R ratio.
Next Generation Hybrid Seed Production Methods-Superior and Beneficial Biotechnological Approaches: A Review
Authors: Gopinath Ikkurti
Published: November 2022

Hybrid seed production technology requires cross pollination between parents of choice. Several physical and chemical techniques including manual or mechanical emasculation and male gametocide chemicals have been introduced each with respective disadvantages. Easy and quick technique such as environment sensitive male sterility is effected by environmental irregularities. Identification of commercial use of genetic means of male sterility systems like GMS and CGMS have brought revolutionary benefits to hybrid seed industry in many crops to feed an ever increasing human population. However, these strategies are complicated, laborious and require more cropping area for parental increase and maintenance including employment of sophisticated backcross breeding for line conversion and search for suitable restorers. The biotechnological methods (BMS) simplified the strategies each in its own approach, though having certain disadvantages too as for example, dual component Barnase/Barstar and Cystein protease/Cystatin approach needed herbicidal spray. The next generation hybrid breeding systems were developed utilising GMS system under nuclear control avoiding search for suitable restorers and cytoplasm-nuclear interactions. The era of genomics assisted breeding has facilitated well characterised study of several crop genes including male fertility genes which is a never ending approach. In combination with transgenic and genome editing approaches, the next generation hybrid breeding systems such as “Seed Production Technology” (SPT), “Multi Control Sterility” (MCS) and “MGM-Maintainer approach” have provided easy and well defined mode of utilising male sterility for hybrid seed production bypassing all the complications of traditional techniques.
Studies on Growth, Yield and Soil Fertility Status in Cluster Bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] cv. Pusa Navbahar under Natural Farming Practice in Comparison with Conventional Farming
Authors: Mastiholi A.B. , Chikkalaki Suhasini , Dasar Venkatesh , Maheswarappa H.P. , Duradundi Sanjiv , Shantappa T. , Bavidoddi Arunkumar , Sowmya B.
Published: November 2022

Background: The cluster bean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.] is a bushy annual herb having a deep rooted system and drought resilient leguminous crop grown on sandy soils of arid and semiarid regions. The production list of cluster bean is dominated by India as leading producers of the crop in the world contributing to around 75-82% of the total production. Methods: Field experiment was conducted in Block-I at The Regional Horticulture Research and Extension Center, Kumbapur, Dharwad. The authentic source of Cluster bean seeds of Pusa Navbahar were purchased from Nadakatti seeds, Dharwad. Treatments are imposed as T1 (Package of Practice: FYM @ 10 t/ha, 25:75:60 NPK Kg/ha), T2 (Farmers Practice: FYM @ 10 t/ha, 12.5:37.5:30 Kg/ha), T3 (Natural Farming: Ghanajeevamrutha @ 1000 Kg/ha and liquid jeevamrtha @ 500 l/ha every fortnightly interval, with organic mulching) and T4 (Organic Farming: FYM @ 15 t/ha). Result: Among four different farming practices, higher plant height at harvest was recorded in package of practice (80.0 cm). The higher number of pods per plant and higher dry biomass production was recorded in organic farming (102.3 and 2.14 t/ha) respectively. 26.8 per cent higher yield was recorded in organic farming (OF) over PoP. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content and uptake in cluster bean was found significantly higher in PoP (2.13, 0.58 and 1.17%) and (42.20, 11.51 and 23.11 Kg ha-1) respectively. Natural farming treatment recorded significantly lower nutrients content and uptake.
Development of cheerful creation gymnastics ‘Jalaleota’ for the improvement of early childhood motor skills
Authors: Handayani Sri Gusti , Syahara Sayuti , Sin Tjung Hauw , Komaini Anton , Ayubi Novadri
Published: November 2022

This study aims to describe the development of Jalaleota cheerful creative gymnastics to improve motor skills at an early age with the core movements of gymnastics, including running, throwing and catching. This type of research is research and development which consists of preliminary studies, development models and testing models. The subjects in this study were kindergarten schoolchildren evaluations, product evaluations, initial trials and product trials in early childhood. The data collection techniques were observation, questionnaires and tests of motor skills for early childhood. The data collected was then analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data analysis used the interactive model of Miles and Huberman and quantitative data analysis used paired sample t-test. The results showed that the development of the Jalaleota cheerful creative gymnastic product determined the indicators of motor skills, movement, appearance and early childhood music. The main field test obtained a value of 0.034 < 0.05, indicating that there is a significant influence on the use of creative gymnastics on motor skills at an early age. The motor skills of early childhood using Jalaleota, created by cheerful gymnastics, are better than before they were used. Currently, we have obtained cheerful gymnastics created by Jalaleota that are worthy of use according to the views of experts and users.        
Keywords: Creative gymnastics, improvement of motor skills, physical activity, early childhood.
The Arabic version of the technostress scale for primary school teachers: Factorial validity and measurement invariance
Authors: Roubi Mohammed L , Najmi Ali H , Khlaif Zuheir N , Benlahcene Abderrahim
Published: November 2022

Teachers generally understand technostress to represent the psychological distress resulting from problems associated with teaching in a virtual classroom context. This study has been conducted to develop a tool to measure the level of technostress of primary school teachers. The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Technostress Scale (10 items) using a sample of 829 (490 female and 339 male) primary school teachers from different geographical regions of Saudi Arabia. The average age of the participants was 38.22, with a standard deviation of 7.08. Exploratory factor analysis produced one factor with eigenvalues of 5.01. This explained 50% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed good model fits for one correlated factor, with a comparative fit index of 0.968, a Tucker–Lewis Index of 0.959, a standardised root-mean-square residual of 0.051, and a root mean-square error of approximation of 0.094. Although these multi-group analyses demonstrate that the structure factor of the technostress scale is invariant with respect to gender and experience, no differences were observed for the impact of training. This is due to the efforts of the Saudi Ministry of Education to provide the necessary training for teachers to use distance education tools.
Keywords: CFA, technostress, quantitative approach, teachers;
Orientasi Baru Pendidikan Islam Era Millenial
Authors: Lestari Indah , Misbah Muhammad
Published: November 2022

This paper examines the main orientation of education which is not only a mastery of knowledge, but as a bridge that leads people to awareness, belief and positive thoughts so that they can know God better as part of the existence of life in this world. The method used is library research method with a descriptive normative approach that emphasizes the analysis of the data sources found. The results of the analysis of verses and data sources can be concluded that the purpose of Islamic education is to shape humans according to their nature so that they can live like human beings in terms of strengthening faith, reason, physical, spiritual and social oriented to piety as servants of Allah and caliphs in the world. As humans, there needs to be a balance between human abilities in terms of intelligence, religious, professional, and social. In addition, the orientation of Islamic education can be packaged with economic stability in order to eradicate inequality and social injustice. Educational institutions have a special task and role to produce people who think and feel, think and do remembrance, and people who are humble are not arrogant.
Growth or Goods: Examining Tax Morale Among Property Owners in Lagos
Authors: Wilson Nicole , Rosenzweig Leah
Published: November 2022

What motivates property owners to pay taxes in places where state enforcement is weak? Using an online experiment among property owners in Lagos, Nigeria, we evaluate the extent to which different appeals increase respondents’ tax morale, their willingness to pay taxes if there is no enforcement, and attitudes about government enforcement of tax collection. Respondents were randomly assigned to read either a vignette emphasising the role of property tax revenue in contributing to economic growth and increased property values, or one highlighting that tax revenue is used for public goods and services benefiting all residents. The growth message made respondents significantly more favourable towards enforcement of tax collection, but there was no difference in willingness to pay between the two treatment conditions. We also look at heterogeneity across class identification and attitudes toward redistribution, and find that support for a more equal society reduces the advantage of the growth appeal.
Rekonstruksi Paska Eksisi Luas Tumor Kepala-Leher : Sebuah Serial Kasus
Authors: Fitra Yugos , Tetan-El Michael Tetan-El , Stephanie Alexandria Stephanie
Published: November 2022

Latar Belakang: Defek paska eksisi luas tumor pada kepala dan leher seringkali melibatkan struktur kompleks jaringan disekitarnya dan menyebabkan tindakan rekonstruksi penutupan defek menjadi hal yang menantang.
Kasus dan Teknik Operasi: Kasus 1: Wanita, 55 tahun, terdapat luka dehisen di ujung lateral mata kiri dan teraba massa di parotis kiri. Pasien didiagnosa melanoma konjungtiva palpebra kiri dengan metastase kelenjar parotis dan KGB submandibula. Paska eksisi luas tumor parotis dan KGB, didapatkan defek 8x10 cm dengan dasar tulang serta luka dehisen sisi lateral orbita kiri. Dilakukan penutupan defek menggunakan flap lokal fasiokutan dari leher kiri dan koreksi luka dehisen. Kasus 2: Laki-laki, 28 tahun, terdapat massa di leher kiri sejak 3 tahun terakhir. Pasien didiagnosis fibrous histiocytoma dan sudah menjalani eksisi tumor dilanjutkan terapi radiasi dengan kemoterapi 1 tahun lalu. Saat ini ditemukan benjolan berulang di angulus mandibula kiri dengan permukaan ulseratif. Paska  eksisi luas tumor dan KGB submandibula kiri, didapatkan defek 13x15 cm dengan dasar otot dan pembuluh darah. Dilakukan penutupan defek menggunakan flap fasiokutan dari leher kiri dilanjutkan penutupan defek sekunder menggunakan flap fasiokutan dari clavicula.
Diskusi: Penggunaan teknik flap lokal untuk rekonstruksi defek kepala leher yang melintasi beberapa unit wajah membutuhkan analisis dan pertimbangan yang matang. Desiain insisi tumor dan desain flap yang sebaiknya ditentukan dan didiskusikan dengan sejawat onkologi untuk hasil rekonstuksi yang maksimal.
Kesimpulan: Banyak hal yang harus dipertimbangkan untuk menentukan teknik rekonstuksi terbaik di tiap individu seperti perlunya evaluasi kondisi pasien, ketersediaan alat dan keahlian operator serta diskusi terkait tujuan yang ingin dicapai baik dari sisi operator maupun harapan pasien. Sehingga tindakan rekonstruksi tersebut dapat menghasilkan yang terbaik.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN WIND GATE TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA TURBIN ANGIN DARRIEUS TIPE H
Authors: Agustina Lia , Susanto I Made , Mariki I Wayan Wawan
Published: November 2022

Telah dilakukan karakterisasi terhadap turbin angin darrieus tipe H melalui pengukuran kecepatan angin dan kecepatan putaran rotor yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui unjuk kerja turbin angin yang optimal. Pengukuran kecepatan angin dilakukan dengan menggunakan anemometer. Pengukuran kecepatan putaran rotor menggunakan tachometer. Turbin angin yang dikarakterisasi dalam penelitian ini adalah turbin angin darrieus tipe H divariasikan menjadi turbin angin dengan menggunakan wind gate dan turbin angin tanpa wind gate. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah perbedaan nilai daya dan perbedaan nilai efisiensi dari turbin angin menggunakan wind gate dan tanpa wind gate tersebut. Nilai daya turbin angin maksimal dimiliki oleh turbin angin darrieus tipe H tanpa menggunakan wind gate yaitu mencapai daya 77,55 watt. Nilai efisiensi paling tinggi dimiliki oleh turbin angin darrieus tipe H dengan menggunakan wind gate yaitu mencapai 36,25%.
Comparación de la actividad de butirilcolinesterasa entre habitantes de una zona rural y una urbana de Guerrero, México
Authors:   Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Martínez-Rosas Maroli Getsemani , Chávez-Almazán Luis Alberto ,   Secretaría de Salud de Guerrero, Banco de Sangre Regional Zona Centro, Garibo-Ruiz Diana ,   Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sánchez-Visoso Fany Itzel ,   Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Calleja-Villalva Eridia ,   Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero
Published: November 2022

La exposición humana a plaguicidas inhibidores de la enzima colinesterasa puede variar de acuerdo con el tipo de productos empleados, la frecuencia de uso, las medidas de protección y los organismos que se desean controlar en un sitio determinado. Las campañas de control químico de las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores se realizan principalmente en zonas urbanas, mientras que el control de plagas agrícolas se lleva a cabo en las rurales, por lo que la exposición puede ser diferente entre las personas que habitan en uno u otro sitio. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la diferencia en la actividad de butirilcolinesterasa en sangre entre una población rural y una urbana. De manera voluntaria, participaron en el estudio 120 individuos mayores de 18 años, de los cuales 70 (36 mujeres y 34 hombres) son habitantes de Chilpancingo de los Bravo y 50 (23 mujeres y 27 hombres) de la localidad de Tilapa (Guerrero, México). Se analizó la actividad enzimática sérica de los participantes y se comparó según la localidad de procedencia, sexo, edad, escolaridad y ocupación. La actividad de butirilcolinesterasa estuvo ligeramente disminuida en Tilapa respecto a la de Chilpancingo, con valores promedio de 5041 y 5448 U/L, respectivamente (p = 0.291). No hubo una diferencia significativa en la actividad de esta enzima entre ambas poblaciones; sin embargo, es imprescindible fortalecer la investigación sobre la exposición a plaguicidas inhibidores de la colinesterasa en zonas urbanas y rurales para identificar riesgos potenciales que deban ser atendidos por las autoridades sanitarias y agropecuarias.
Lower and Upper Bounds for Some Degree-Based Indices of Graphs
Authors: Ozkan Kizilirmak Gul , Sevgi Emre , Buyukkose Serife , Cangul Ismail Naci
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we give some upper and lower bounds for the multiplicative Randic index, reduced reciprocal Randic index, Narumi-Katayama index and symmetric division index a graph using solely the vertex degrees. Then we obtain upper and lower bounds for these indices for the complete graphs, path graphs and Fibonacci-sum graphs. Finally, we compared the bounds of these indices for a general graph and some special graphs.
Selective Leaching of Vanadium From Calcification-Roasted Pellets of Vanadium-Titanium-Iron Concentrate by a Cyclic Two-Stage Sulfuric Acid Process
Authors: Peng Zhonghui , Wang Zhixiang , Li Yang , Zhu Yongze , Xie Keqiang
Published: November 2022

Here, a process for leaching vanadium from calcified roasting pellets (CPVC) of vanadium-titanium iron concentrate by a two-stage sulfuric acid cycle was proposed. When the silicon removal acid concentration of the pellet in the first stage was 1.5 mol/L, the solid-liquid ratio was 6: 1, the silicon removal acid concentration of the leaching solution was 3.0 mol/L, and the standing time was 48 h, the silica gel formation time was 23 h, the filtration time was 70 s, and the loss rates of vanadium and iron were 1.52% and 0.17%, respectively. When the acid concentration was 2 mol/L, at room temperature, using a leaching time of 28 days, and a solid-liquid ratio of 5: 1 in the second stage, the total leaching rates of vanadium and iron were 75.52% and 0.71%, respectively. The concentration of vanadium in the leaching solution reached 6.80 g/L, and vanadium was directly precipitated without extraction. After secondary roasting, the crushing strength of the pellets reached 2250 N, which met the requirement for blast furnace iron making. The Eh-pH diagrams of the V-Fe-H2O system at different temperatures were plotted. Thermodynamically, it was difficult to selectively leach vanadium and iron by changing the conventional acid leaching conditions. In addition, the pellets before and after leaching were analyzed. The grade of iron in the pellets increased slightly after leaching, and the main phases in the pellets remained as Fe2O3 and Fe9TiO15. The S in the sulfuric acid solution entered the leached pellets during the acid leaching reaction and was removed by the secondary roasting of the leached pellets.
Whole CNS 3D Cryo-fluorescence Tomography Shows CSF Clearance along Nasal Lymphatics, Spinal Nerves, and Lumbar/Sacral Lymph Nodes
Authors: Stokes Christian , White Eli F , Toddes Steve , Bens Nicole , Kulkarni Praveen , FERRIS CRAIG F
Published: November 2022

Unwanted proteins and metabolic waste in cerebral spinal fluid are cleared from the brain by meningeal and nasal lymphatics, and perineural sheath of cranial nerves; however, the distribution and clearance of CSF along the subarachnoid space of the entire spinal cord is not fully understood. It was hypothesized that the anatomical resolution of Cryo-Fluorescence Tomography (CFT) could provide the visual evidence of clearance across the spinal cord at each level of the vertebral column. To that end, isoflurane anesthetized mice were infused into the lateral cerebroventricle with 5.0 µl of quantum dots [QdotR 605 ITKTM amino (PEG)] over two mins. Mice were allowed to recover (ca 2-3 min) and remained awake and ambulatory for 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after which they were euthanized, and the entire intact body frozen at -800. The entire mouse was sectioned and imaged to produce an isotropic voxel resolution of 35 µm. Both white light and fluorescent images were captured after each slice to produce high resolution three-dimensional volumes for each mouse. CFT highlighted the circulation of tracer throughout the ventricular system and central canal of the spinal cord and the entire subarachnoid space of the CNS. Signal could be visualized in the nasal cavity, deep cervical lymph nodes, thoracic lymph nodes and more superficial submandibular lymph nodes as early as 15 min post infusion. Fluorescent signal could be visualized along the dorsal root ganglia and down the proximal extension of the spinal nerves of the thoracic and lumbar segments at 30 min. There was significant accumulation of tracer in the lumbar and sacral lymph nodes between 15- 60 min. The dense fluorescent signal in the thoracic vertebrae noted at 5- and 15-mins post infusion was significantly reduced by 30 min. Indeed, all signal in the spinal cord was ostensibly absent by 120 min except for trace amounts in the coccyx. The brain still had some residual signal at 120 min. These data show that Qdots with a hydrodynamic diameter of 16-20 nm rapidly clear from the brain of awake mice. These data also clearly demonstrate the rapid distribution and efflux of trace along a major length of the vertebral column and the potential contribution of the spinal cord in the clearance of brain waste.
The Management of Local Social Services in Spain
Authors: Forns i Fernández Maria Victòria
Published: November 2022

This paper reviews the organizational, competency and delivery system of social services at local level, with emphasis on Catalonia, understanding that local authorities become the essential unit from which to deploy basic social services, thus responding to universality, proximity and decentralization and contributing to ensuring the welfare state.
Geomechanical Characterization of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Shales: Mechanical and Velocity Anisotropy, Static and Dynamic Moduli
Authors: Dong K. , Ding J. , Hou B. , Wang X. , Kou R.
Published: November 2022

The Wufeng and Longmaxi shales of Sichuan Basin, Southwest China have been the primary targets for shale gas development. Because hydraulic fracturing and seismic interpretation require detailed characterization of formation mechanical properties, a sufficient understanding of anisotropy and elastic behavior in Wufeng and Longmaxi shales is necessary. In this study, we conducted Brazilian and triaxial tests and ultrasonic velocity measurements to characterize tensile and compressive strengths and P- and S-wave velocities, respectively. Shale samples were cored at a range of orientations relative to bedding and tested at multiple confining pressures, which allowed a detailed study of mechanical and velocity anisotropy, static and dynamic moduli. Our experimental work shows that Wufeng and Longmaxi shales possess similar compressive strength and associated anisotropy with other shale formations but apparently weaker tensile strength anisotropy and velocity anisotropy. These two shales also exhibit much lower static moduli than dynamic values, which are interpreted to be caused by compliant pores such as microcracks and fractures. Comparison between Wufeng and Longmaxi shales reveals distinct levels of heterogeneity. Wufeng shale shows more pronounced heterogeneity regarding measured tensile and compressive strengths as well as elastic moduli. These general characteristics of Wufeng and Longmaxi shales provide valuable first-order understanding regarding anisotropy, heterogeneity, and elastic behavior. Utilizing this understanding could help improve hydraulic fracture design and seismic data interpretation.
Trajectory-dependent Compositional Outcomes in a Prebiotic Reaction Network
Authors: Duppen Peer van , Robinson William , Daines Elena , Huck Wilhelm
Published: November 2022

Prebiotic environments were dynamic, containing a range of periodic and aperiodic variations in reaction conditions. However, the impact of the temporal dynamics of environmental conditions upon prebiotic chemical reaction networks (CRNs) has not been investigated. Here, we demonstrate how the magnitude and rate of temporal fluctuations of the catalysts Ca2+ and OH– control product distributions of the formose reaction. Surprisingly, the product compositions of the formose reaction under dynamic conditions deviate significantly from those under steady state conditions. We attribute these compositional changes to the non-uniform propagation of fluctuations through the network thereby shaping reaction outcomes. Examination of temporal concentration patterns showed that collections of compounds responded collectively to perturbations, indicating key ‘gating’ reactions branching from the Breslow cycle may be important responsive features of the formose reaction. Our findings show how the compositions of prebiotic reaction networks were shaped by sequential environmental events, illustrating the necessity for considering the temporal traits of prebiotic environments that supported the origin of life.
Effects of Dandelion root infusion on heart function and oxidative status of rats
Authors: Radoman Kristina , Zivkovic Vladimir , Zdravkovic Nebojsa , Chichkova Natalia Vasilievna , Bolevich Sergey , Jakovljevic Vladimir
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to examine the effects of dandelion root infusion on rats' heart function and oxidative status. At the beginning of the experimental protocol Wistar albino rats were randomly classified into two groups (10 rats per group):1. control group – animals who drank tap water; 2. experimental group – animals who drank dandelion root infusion for four weeks. Every morning for four weeks, the animals received a fresh infusion of dandelion in a volume of 250 ml. At the end of the experimental protocol, animals were sacrificed and the hearts were isolated and retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique at a gradually increasing perfusion pressure between 40–120 cm H2O. following parameters of myocardial function: maximum rate of pressure development in the left ventricle (dp/dt max), minimum rate of pressure development in the left ventricle (dp/dt min), systolic left ventricular pressure (SLVP), diastolic left ventricular pressure (DLVP), heart rate (HR). The coronary flow (CF) was measured flowmetrically. Blood samples were collected after sacrificing for determination of oxidative stress biomarkers: nitrite (NO2−), superoxide anion radical (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the index of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Present results indicated that applied dandelion root infusion did not manifest negative impact on all aspects of heart function and perfusion, pointing him out as a safe cardiac supplement. In addition, dandelion consumption was associated with promising results in terms of maintaining the redox balance which proved it`s antioxidant potential.
Measuring Implementation Outcomes in the Context of Scaling up Possible Serious Bacterial Infection Guidelines: Implications for Measurement and Programs
Authors: Abuya Timothy , Odwe George , Ndwiga Charity , Okondo Chantalle , Liambila Wilson , Mungai Samuel , Mwaura Peter , K’Oduol Kezia , Natecho Alice , Gitaka Jesse , Warren Charlotte E
Published: November 2022

Background: Reducing the burden of neonatal sepsis requires timely identification and initiation of suitable antibiotic treatment in primary health care (PHC) settings. Countries are encouraged to adopt simplified antibiotic regimens at PHC level for treating sick young infants (SYI) with signs of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI). As countries implements PSBI guidelines, more lessons on effective implementation strategies and outcome measurements are needed. We document pragmatic approaches used to design, measure and report implementation strategies and outcomes while adopting PSBI guidelines in Kenya.
Methods: We designed implementation research using longitudinal mixed methods embedded in a continuous regular systematic learning and adoption of evidence in PHC context. We synthesized formative data to co-create with stakeholders, implementation strategies to incorporate PSBI guidelines into routine service delivery for SYIs. This was followed by quarterly monitoring for learning and feedback on the effect of implementation strategies, documented lessons learnt and track implementation outcomes. We collected endline data to measure the overall effect on service level outcomes.
Results: Our findings show that by characterizing implementation strategies and linking them with implementation outcomes, help illustrate the pathway between implementation process and outcomes. Although we have demonstrated that it is feasible to implement PSBI in PHC, effective investment in continuous capacity strengthening of providers through blended approaches, efficient use of available human resources and improving efficiency of service areas for managing SYIs optimizes timely identification and management of SYI. Sustained provision of commodities for management of SYI facilitates increased uptake of services. Strengthening facility-community linkages supports adherence to scheduled visits. Enhancing caregiver’s preparedness during postnatal contacts in community or facility will facilitate effective completion of treatment.
Conclusion: Careful design, definition of terms related to measurement of implementation outcomes and strategies enables ease of interpretation of findings. Using the taxonomy of implementation outcomes help frame measurement process and provides empirical evidence in a structured way to demonstrate causal relationships between implementation strategies and outcomes. Using this approach, we have illustrated that implementation of simplified antibiotic regimens for treating SYIs with PSBI in PHC settings is feasible in Kenya.
M&A Effects on Italian Public Healthcare Organizations: Evidence from the National Outcomes Program
Authors: Mariani Andrea , Daniele Mario , Cifalinò Antonella
Published: November 2022

Background: The increasing frequency and relevance of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have significantly impacted the healthcare industry in recent decades. The creation of value, the complexity of post-M&A integration, and the measurement of results of these operations are among the topics increasingly at the center of the debate. Nonfinancial performance measurement in healthcare organizations is a well-known topic, and the Italian health system has adopted the National Outcomes Program (NOP) to measure individual hospital units from different points of view. This provides the opportunity to investigate whether the numerous public M&A deals in healthcare have created a difference between involved and non-involved organizations.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze a cluster of indicators to determine whether there are differences between these two groups and to explain whether these possible differences are entirely or partly attributable to M&A or whether other factors are involved. The opportunity to analyze different indicators for all Italian public hospitals can help us better understand the M&A trend in this industry and shed light on whether or not this new dataset will be a useful tool for future analyses.
Methods: The impact of M&A on nonfinancial indicators was analyzed among the entire sample of Italian public hospitals (N = 465) observed in the period 2012-2019. Hospitals involved in M&A (N=154) were compared to the control group through a random effects panel regression analysis over a cluster of 16 nonfinancial indicators,
Results: The main findings suggest the presence of statistically significant differences between the two groups. In some cases, M&A are relevant to explain this difference. Moreover, the results for the control variables provide interesting evidence about additional contextual factors influencing nonfinancial performance.
Conclusions: The introduction of NOP offers the opportunity to study the nonfinancial effects of M&A. This exploratory study demonstrates the effects of M&A on several nonfinancial indicators measured in the NOP, contributing to the literature on the theme. Furthermore, our results provide evidence about the introduction of systematic measurement of process and clinical outcomes.
Integrated and effective platform governance mode for managing construction muck waste for a circular economy
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Yin Youying , Hao Jian Li , Ma Wenting , Gong Guobin , Yu Shiwang
Published: November 2022

Construction waste is a type of solid waste that is inevitably produced in the process of urban development and has a dreadful environmental impact due to inadequate management of it by the public sector. The purpose of this paper is therefore to investigate platform governance as an alternative strategy for muck waste management that will contribute to a circular economy. A comparison between the traditional governance process and platform governance of muck truck management is made by using Petri-net. Nanjing’s muck smart supervision platform is used as a case study to assess effectiveness of the platform governance mode. Results from Petri-net simulation modeling software reveal that the platform governance mode is more effective than the traditional mode. Based on the case study of Nanjing’s muck smart supervision platform, it is found that the success of Nanjing's muck waste management can be attributed to the platform governance mode. This means that the platform management approach can contribute to the sustainability of muck waste governance. It is feasible to utilize the platform governance mode for muck waste as an integrated and effective management mode for current practices of muck waste management and resource recovery in China. The platform governance mode can significantly improve the efficiency of muck waste management and provide economic and environmental benefits as part of a circular economy.
Spatial and temporal cooccurrence among Neotropical native coccinellids and the exotic Harmonia axyridis
Authors: Rizzo María Estefanía , Salvo Adriana , Rocca Margarita , Greco Nancy
Published: November 2022

Coccinellids are important biological control agent and aphid predators in horticultural crops around the world. Neotropical Cycloneda sanguinea, Eriopis connexa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata octodecimpustulata, and the exotic Harmonia axyridis (all Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), are predators that mainly feeds on aphids. In this work we described the abundance of these coccinellid species and their spatial and temporal cooccurrence in agroecological eggplant crop of Argentina. We also estimate the intensity and symmetry of the intraguild predation between C. quadrifasciata octodecimpustulata and the other species in laboratory experiments. Both temporal and spatial segregation was observed, and H. axyridis was the strongest intraguild predator in the interaction with C. quadrifasciata octodecimpustulata, and this latter was the strongest intraguild predator in interaction with C. sanguinea and E. connexa. In this context, native coccinellid species would be vulnerable to the exotic and invasive H. axyridis; however, the lack of cooccurrence of this species with the native ones, under conditions of low density of extra-guild prey would indicate that spatial segregation could be the mechanism by which these species coexist in the eggplant crop.
Nomogram for predicting preoperative axillary lymph node status in male breast carcinoma: SEER population-based study
Authors: Chen Wenxin , Wang Hebing , Yang Binglin , Zhang Maoquan , Chen Jicheng
Published: November 2022

Background
Sentinel lymph node (SLN) has been recommended as a replacement for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in male breast carcinoma (MBC) with clinical axillary lymph node-negative as in women. However, the morbidity after SLN may also have short-term or long-term complications. It is imperative to develop a model to evaluate the risk of lymph node metastasis to avoid unnecessary operations.
Patients and Methods
: A retrospective review of the clinical and pathology records were performed in patients diagnosed with MBC between 2010 and 2018 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The cohort was divided into training and validation cohorts. A logistic regression model was used to construct the nomogram in the training cohort and then verified in the validation cohort.ROC curve, C-index, and calibration were used to assess the predictive ability of the nomogram.
Results
Overall, 2,610 patients diagnosed with MBC were enrolled, of which 1,740 were in the training cohort and 870 were in the validation cohort. Logistic regression analysis indicated ,age at diagnosis, tumor location, tumor stage, pathological type, and histologic grade were significantly related to axillary lymph node metastasis(ALNM). The AUC of the nomogram was 0.846 (95% CI, 0.825–0.867) and C-index was 0.848 (95%CI, 0.807–0.889), demonstrating a good prediction performance. The calibration curve for the nomogram was plotted and the slope was close to 1. The performance of the nomogram was further validated in the validation cohort, with an AUC of 0.848 (95% CI 0.819–0.877).
Conclusion
We successfully established a nomogram to predict LANM, especially for those who were of advanced age at diagnosis,had small tumor size, low malignancy, and clinical axillary lymph node-negative to avoid unnecessary axillary operation —thus improving the quality of life of the patients without adverse effect on their survival rates.
Development of TPMS inspired thin walled structured metal foams from unsorted ferrous scrap through melt route
Authors: Chandrakanth Balaji , Prakash Ved , Maiti Adwaita , Rajak Anup , Mukherjee Diya
Published: November 2022

Porous castings are avant-garde materials termed as cellular metals. It showcases attractive characteristics likened to their solid equivalents. Powder metallurgy has been long utilized to manufacture cellular metals using diverse chemicals to attain internal pores, however this method is not viable for hefty components. The proposed methodology in this investigation is capable to produce structured foam using space holders using melt route. Melting and casting of cast iron foam described in this work to develop foam structure inspired by TPMS cellular structure (Schwarz, Modified Schwarz and I-WP). Porosity of 62.4% is achieved through casting route against numerically predicted 65% with a compressive strength of 177.4 MPa. Radiography tests shows that there are no significant defects in the connectivity region and there is full connectivity between pores that is in line with the results attained from pre-cast simulations. Optical projection of the casted sample is done as a confirmatory test for ensuring connectivity. Thickness of as low as 1.5mm is casted with Cast Iron in a structured manner.
Investigating asymmetric impacts of total factor energy efficiency on carbon emissions in India
Authors: Mahapatra Bamadev , Irfan Mohd
Published: November 2022

As many complex energy relations are not linear and have diminishing returns, assuming a symmetric (linear) effect of energy efficiency (ENEF) on carbon emissions (CAE) has limited our understanding of the emission-ENEF nexus. This study, therefore, estimates total factor energy efficiency by employing a stochastic frontier approach and analyses the asymmetric (nonlinear) long and short-run effects of ENEF on CAE, using sample panels for India covering the period 2000 to 2014. The asymmetric impacts are examined by utilising a nonlinear panel autoregressive distributed lag modelling framework. The findings evidenced the existence of asymmetric short-run and long-run effects of ENEF on CAE for India. Based on the outcomes, numerous crucial implications are discussed with a particular reference to developing economies like India.
Phytoremediation potential of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.), an emergent macrophyte, to remove inorganic arsenic from water
Authors: Li Shuhui , Liu Guangyi , Zhang Ting
Published: November 2022

In this study, the emergent macrophyte sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.) was used to remove different concentrations (200, 500, and 1,000 µg L‒1) of arsenate [As(V)] and arsenite [As(III)] from water. The removal efficiencies of As(V) and As(III) reached more than 95%. As(III) could be removed by A. calamus L. more efficiently than As(V). In both As(V)- and As(III)-exposed A. calamus L., the arsenic contents were much higher in the root than in the stem and leaf. The translocation factors of As(V) and As(III) were no more than 0.152. Both As(V) and As(III) were found in the whole plant, whereas dimethylarsinic acid (DMA, 0.06‒0.13 mg kg‒1) was only present in the aboveground part (leaf). As(V) was the main species in the As(V)-exposed plants (45.86%‒70.21%). As(III) was the main species in the stem and leaf of As(III)-exposed plants (55.76%‒85.52%), while As(V) was still dominant in the root. A. calamus L. could keep its green leaves during the 31 days of inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure. However, As(V) had a little inhibitory effect on height growth, and As(III) could slightly inhibit the weight gain. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the activity of catalase (CAT) were significantly higher in the root than those in the stem and leaf. The oxidative stress response of A. calamus L. to As(III) was more than that to As(V). Our findings indicated that A. calamus L. was regarded as a promising material for the removal of iAs.
Micro Slit Fabrication Using Magnetic-Assisted-ECDM and Parametric Optimization by Metaheuristic Algorithms
Authors: Gehlot Dilip , Jha PRADEEP Kumar , Jain Pramod Kumar
Published: November 2022

Micro-slit fabrication of more than 1000 microns thick workpieces using the ECDM process is a complicated task since the ejection efficiency to remove the adhered particle dissolved from the workpiece in the electrolyte decreases with a higher depth of cut. Here micro-slit fabrication of more than 1200 µm thickness was carried out with magnetic field application on the ECDM. The magnetic field induces MHD convection on the electrolyte flow around the tool, which creates vorticity on the electrolyte. The centrifugal force created by the fluid when it rotates under MHD convection removes the material at a higher depth of cut. The machining performance in terms of maximum slit-cut thickness improves with increasing the magnetic field strength up to the optimum level because it induces the centrifugal force on the bubble, which enhances the gas film formation and discharge frequency. The experiments were conducted to fabricate a micro-slit with Taguchi L18 design and observe the effect of voltage, concentration, magnetic strength, and feed rate on MRR and width overcut. The magnetic field contributes significantly to the machining rate and overcut improvements. The metaheuristic algorithms, i.e., particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, and TLBO, applied and compared the optimal results of response parameters. The results reveal that the optimum value of MRR and WOC are the same, but the time and the iterations necessary to reach the optimal solution differ.
Extreme poverty, economic growth and income inequality trilogy in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia: A GMM panel VAR approach
Authors: Labidi Mohamed Ali , Ochi Anis , Saidi Yosra
Published: November 2022

This study allows the assessment the triangular relationship between extreme poverty, economic growth and income inequality in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike previous studies in the poverty-inequality-growth literature, this study employed the panel vector autoregressive model to examine the impact of income inequality and economic growth on extreme poverty. Moreover, we used the impulse response function tool, which was developed in the same context, to better understand the reaction of the two main variables of interest, extreme poverty and economic growth, aftershocks on income inequality variable. Finally, the analysis was completed by the variance decomposition of all variables. These analyses were conducted for a 56 South Asian and sub-Saharan African countries from 1990 to 2020. Overall, the results show that income inequality has a positive and significant impact and can strongly explain economic growth. Meanwhile, the results indicate a negative and significant relationship between economic growth and extreme poverty. Our empirical result reveals that there is no relationship between income inequality and extreme poverty.JEL Classification codes: I32, F43, D3, C33, O55, O53
Description of the nationally implemented National Health Service Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme intervention and rationale for its development: mixed methods study
Authors: Miles Lisa M , Hawkes Rhiannon E , French David P
Published: November 2022

Background
The National Health Service (NHS) Digital Diabetes Prevention Programme (DDPP) is a behaviour change programme for adults in England who are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Four independent providers deliver the NHS-DDPP following a competitive tendering process. Although providers work to a single service specification, there is potential for some variation in the service across providers. This study 1) assesses fidelity of the structural features of the design of the NHS-DDPP compared to the service specification, 2) describes the structural features of delivery of the NHS-DDPP as implemented 3) reports developers’ views on how the structural components of the NHS-DDPP were developed and why changes were made following implementation.
Methods
Using mixed methods, we conducted a document review of providers’ NHS-DDPP design and delivery documentation, and extracted information using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist, which was adapted to capture features of digital delivery. Documentation was supplemented by content analysis of interviews with 12 health coaches involved in delivering the NHS-DDPP. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 6 programme developers employed by the digital providers.
Results
Provider plans for the NHS-DDPP show relatively high fidelity to the NHS service specification. Despite this, there was wide variation in structural features of delivery of the NHS-DDPP across providers, particularly for delivery of ‘support’ (e.g. use, dose and scheduling of health coaching and/or group support). Interviews with developers of the programmes showed that much of this variation is likely to be attributable to the origin of each provider’s programme, which was usually a pre-existing programme that was adapted to conform to the NHS-DDPP service specification. The NHS-DDPP is continually improved and developed based on user experience feedback and research conducted by the providers.
Conclusions
Indirect evidence suggests that variation in delivery of support could affect effectiveness of the NHS-DDPP. A priority for future research is ascertaining whether the variation in delivery of the NHS-DDPP across providers is related to any differences in health outcomes. It is recommended that future rounds of commissioning the NHS-DDPP pre-specify the type of support participants should receive, including expected dose and scheduling.