bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Posner Meets Hayek: The Elements of an Austrian Law & Economics Research Program
Authors: Zywicki Todd
Published: December 2023

To date, Friedrich Hayek is the only winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics who also holds a law degree. The role of law is central to Hayek’s work and prominent in the research program of the Austrian School of Economics generally. Although Hayek’s contributions to jurisprudence are manifest, as are the influence of his economics ideas, his influence on the field of law and economics has remained modest. This lecture, delivered as the Keynote Lecture at the 2023 Asian Law & Economics Association Annual Meeting, provides an introduction to the fundamentals of an Austrian Law & Economics research program in contrast to the mainstream, Chicago-school research program that has dominated the field since its early history. Compared to the neoclassical approach, Austrian thinking provides a more insightful approach to many of the key concepts generally associated with the economic analysis of law: the nature and success of the common law as a system of law, the importance of stability and simple rules in the law, and the strong preference for private ordering via contract, personal autonomy, and voluntary exchange exhibited in the common law. I identify and briefly describe six key distinguishing characteristics of the Austrian school that distinguishes it from neoclassical law and economics: (1) Methodological individualism, (2) Utility and Costs are subjective, (3) the division of knowledge, (4) spontaneous order, (5) competition as a discovery procedure, and (6) the nature of economic equilibrium. I will also highlight some of the ways in which examining law and economics through an Austrian framework provides valuable insights about law and economics.
Circulating tumor DNA: current implementation issues and future challenges for clinical utility
Authors: Hu Qilin , Chen Lujun , Li Kerui , Liu Ruotong , Sun Lei , Han Tao
Published: December 2023

Over the past decades, liquid biopsy, especially circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), has received tremendous attention as a noninvasive detection approach for clinical applications, including early diagnosis of cancer and relapse, real-time therapeutic efficacy monitoring, potential target selection and investigation of drug resistance mechanisms. In recent years, the application of next-generation sequencing technology combined with AI technology has significantly improved the accuracy and sensitivity of liquid biopsy, enhancing its potential in solid tumors. However, the increasing integration of such promising tests to improve therapy decision making by oncologists still has complexities and challenges. Here, we propose a conceptual framework of ctDNA technologies and clinical utilities based on bibliometrics and highlight current challenges and future directions, especially in clinical applications such as early detection, minimal residual disease detection, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. We also discuss the necessities of developing a dynamic field of translational cancer research and rigorous clinical studies that may support therapeutic strategy decision making in the near future.
On the Attainable Set of Iterative Differential Inclusions
Authors: Ghalia Samia , Affane Doria
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we consider a first-order iterative differential inclusion. We study the existence of solutions and some topological proprieties of the attainable set, where the right hand side is an upper semi-continuous multifunction with convex values. Then, we treat the autonomous problem under assumptions that do not require the convexity of the values and that weaken the assumption on the upper semi-continuity.
A new view of hillforts in the Andes: expanding coverage with systematic imagery survey
Authors: Arkush Elizabeth , Kohut Lauren E. , Housse Romuald , Smith Ryan D. , Wernke Steven A.
Published: December 2023

In the Andean highlands, hilltop fortifications known as pukaras are common. Dating predominantly to the Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000–1450), pukaras are important to archaeological characterisations of a political landscape shaped by conflict but the distribution of these key sites is not well understood. Here, the authors employ systematic satellite imagery survey to provide a contiguous picture of pukara distribution on an inter-regional scale covering 151 103km2 in the south-central highlands of Peru. They highlight the effectiveness of such survey at identifying pukaras and capturing regional variability in size and residential occupation, and the results demonstrate that satellite surveys of high-visibility sites can tackle research questions at larger scales of analysis than have previously been possible.
La capacité à changer du destinataire : une revue systématique
Authors: Désir Martine , Gouin Marie-Michelle , Fournier Pierre-Luc
Published: December 2023

Les changements constituent le modus operandi des organisations contemporaines. Dans plusieurs organisations, ils sont constants, rapides et se chevauchent créant ainsi une saturation du changement. Dans un tel contexte, la conduite du changement devient particulièrement complexe. L’une des principales difficultés est reliée aux destinataires, qui pourraient avoir de la difficulté à faire face aux changements. Il devient essentiel pour les gestionnaires de comprendre comment les destinataires s’adaptent au changement pour mieux le réussir. L’amélioration de la capacité à changer des destinataires (CCD) pourrait constituer une clé lors de la conduite du changement. Cela dit, la CCD peut référer à différentes réalités, si bien que ses dimensions et les leviers pouvant la promouvoir restent confus. Cette étude a pour objectif de clarifier la CCD et d’identifier les leviers utilisés pour la promouvoir. Ainsi, une recension systématique de la littérature sur la CCD a été réalisée dans les bases de données suivantes : ABI/INFORM, APA PsycInfo et Business Source Complete. Les 69 articles retenus ont permis de générer une carte conceptuelle clarifiant trois dimensions de la capacité à changer : l’ouverture au changement (OC), l’engagement envers le changement (EC) et le soutien comportemental au changement (SCC). Ces dernières représenteraient un continuum de l’évolution de réactions positives du destinataire au changement. Trois leviers utilisés pour les promouvoir (informations et communication, soutien et participation) ont aussi été aussi identifiés. Les leviers à privilégier évolueraient tout au long du continuum de la CCD.
mentorat dans un contexte de départ massif à la retraite dans le secteur public : une réponse à la perte des connaissances tacites managériales
Authors: Ouédraogo Miché , Rinfret Natalie
Published: December 2023

Le secteur public québécois évolue dans un contexte de changement avec des départs massifs à la retraite des gestionnaires de la génération des baby-boomers. Ces départs posent un problème de perte des connaissances tacites managériales essentielles à la performance des ministères et organismes et à la qualité des services rendus aux citoyens. Cette recherche explore comment le mentorat peut agir comme mécanisme de partage des connaissances tacites managériales en contexte de changement entre les gestionnaires expérimentés et ceux des générations X et Y en investiguant les types de connaissances managériales partagées et acquises, de même que les conditions et mécanismes les favorisant. En adoptant une approche qualitative auprès de 52 mentorés et 11 mentors qui participent à un programme de mentorat gouvernemental, cette recherche montre que les connaissances tacites transférées aux jeunes gestionnaires par les mentors concernent l’environnement de la fonction publique, la gestion et la perception de soi comme gestionnaire. De plus, les résultats montrent que pour que le partage des connaissances tacites managériales soit effectif, la relation mentorale doit être structurée et souple et que les deux acteurs de la dyade aient recours à des mécanismes, tels que la déduction et l’induction, la simulation, l’observation, l’accompagnement et la mise en application des connaissances reçues suivie d’une rétroaction. Ainsi, cette recherche propose un cadre de partage des connaissances tacites managériales favorisant le développement accéléré des compétences des jeunes gestionnaires. En identifiant les conditions et mécanismes privilégiant leur partage, elle offre aux responsables organisationnels une démarche d’implantation de programmes de mentorat à partir de laquelle ils pourront s’inspirer.
İmplant Destekli Overdenture Protezlerde Sağlanamayan Bilateral Balanslı Artikülasyon ve Klinik Çözümü: İki Olgu Sunumu
Authors: TÜRKAY Taner , GÜVEN Mehmet Fatih , DEMİR Necla , YÖNDEM İsa
Published: December 2023

Protetik planlama ve tedavilerde estetik, fonasyon ve fonksiyonun yeniden düzenlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Tedavi öncesi hasta talepleri ve tedavi sonrası şikayetler bunların öncelik sıralamasını etkileyebilmektedir.

Birinci olgu sunumunda; 55 yaşında kadın tam dişsizlik olgusunun, alt üst (üst 4, alt 3 adet) implant destekli overdenture protezler ile olan tedavisi anlatıldı. Konvansiyonel adımlardan farklı bir protokolle tedavisi tamamlanan hastanın tedavisi pantografik kayıt cihazı ile eklemine ait dinamik verilerin açısal değerleri ile programlı tam ayarlanabilir artikülatör kullanılarak tamamlandı.

İkinci olgu sunumunda; Mevcut protezlerinin yenilenmesini isteyen 65 yaşında kadın hastanın, tam dişsiz üst çenenin total protez ile, alt çenenin implant destekli overdenture protez ile olan tedavisi anlatıldı. Tedavi ilk olgu sunumuna benzer bir protokolle tamamlandı. Her iki vakanın final protezlerinde elde edilen pembe ve beyaz estetik memnuniyet vericidir. Ancak protezlerin final estetiğine rağmen artikülasyondaki erken temaslar memnuniyetsizliğe yol açmıştır.

Her iki olguda da protezlerin teslimi sonrası hastaların protezlerinin belirli diş temaslarında yerinden oynadığı yönünde şikayetleri oldu. Gerekli dinamik stabilitenin sağlanabilmesi için her iki olgu sunumunda da direkt ağız içi tespitle dinamik faset onarımları yapıldı. 1. olguda dinamik stabilite 6 haftanın sonunda, 2. olguda ise teslim anında sağlanabildi.
Diş Hekimliği Uzmanlık Eğitimi Giriş Sınavında Sorulan Restoratif Diş Tedavisi Sorularının İncelenmesi
Authors: ACARTÜRK Musa
Published: December 2023

Öz

Amaç: Uzmanlık eğitimi almak isteyen diş hekimlerinin, Diş Hekimliği Uzmanlık Eğitimi Giriş Sınavı’na (DUS) girmeleri gerekmektedir. Çıkmış soruların konu dağılımları hakkında bilgi edinmek, sınava hazırlanan adaylar için faydalı olmaktadır. Literatür incelendiğinde bu konuda herhangi bir araştırmaya rastlanılmamıştır. Bu çalışma, son 10 yıldaki DUS Restoratif Diş Tedavisi sorularının retrospektif olarak incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma için gerekli etik kurul izni alınmıştır. Çalışmaya, son 10 yılda sorulmuş olan 130 adet DUS Restoratif Diş Tedavisi sorusu dahil edilmiştir. Konu başlıkları Ölçme, Seçme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi’nin (ÖSYM) referans kitap olarak gösterdiği kaynaklar doğrultusunda hazırlanmıştır. Soruların konulara ve yıllara göre dağılımları incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, soruların dağılımları yüzde olarak hesaplanmıştır.

Bulgular: Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda; en fazla diş çürükleri (n:16) konusundan, en az ise dişlerin gelişim bozuklukları (n:2) ve restoratif diş hekimliğinde hasta muayenesi (n:2) konularından soru sorulduğu belirlenmiştir. Diş çürükleri konusunda en fazla soru (n:4) 2013 yılı ilkbahar döneminde sorulmuştur. Ayrıca bazı konulardan da hiç soru sorulmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Sonuç: Elde edilen sonuçlar, yıllara göre konu dağılımlarında düzensizliklerin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bazı konulardan en az iki sene de bir soru sorulduğu, bazı konulardan ise hiç soru sorulmadığı saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarının, sınava hazırlık sürecinde yararlı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş hekimliğinde uzmanlık sınavı, Konu dağılımı, Restoratif diş tedavisi.
Temporomandibular Eklem Seslerini Değerlendirme Yöntemleri
Authors: YAYMAN Mevsim , AKMAN Prof. Dr. Serhan
Published: December 2023

Temporomandibular eklem sesleri, temporomandibular eklemdeki patolojik değişikliklere işaret eden en önemli bulgulardan biridir. Eklem seslerinin doğru bir şekilde tanımlanması ve değerlendirilmesi, hekimleri uygun tanı ve tedavi seçeneklerine yönlendirmektedir. Eklem seslerinin değerlendirilmesi için öznel ve nesnel yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. Palpasyon, oskültasyon ve stetoskop ile dinleme gibi öznel yöntemler, klinikte uygulama kolaylıkları nedeniyle sıklıkla tercih edilmelerine rağmen bu yöntemlerin tekrarlanabilir olmamaları ve gözlemciler arası karşılaştırmalar yapmaya izin vermemeleri gibi dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Nesnel yöntemler ise sıklıkla ekipman ve teknik hassasiyet gerektirmektedirler. Bununla birlikte, eklem seslerinin kaydı ve analizine izin veren bu yöntemler, tedavi süreçlerinin nesnel bir şekilde değerlendirilmesine olanak tanımaktadır. Bu derlemede, eklem seslerinin klinik açıdan önemi, sesin parametreleri ve eklem seslerinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan öznel ve nesnel yöntemler ele alınmıştır.
Tam Protezlerin Güncel Üretim Teknikleri: Geleneksel Derleme
Authors: HANÇER GÖYMEN Ayşe , KOCACIKLI Mustafa , NALBANT A.dilek
Published: December 2023

Tam protezler günümüzde hala sıklıkla kullanılan hareketli protezlerdendir. Hareketli tam protezlerin üretimi için geleneksel yaklaşımın bazı dezavantajları bulunmaktadır. Çok sayıda klinik ve laboratuvar aşamasının bulunması, zaman alıcı olması ve yoğun emek sarf edilmesinin gerekmesi bunlardan birkaçıdır. Ayrıca tüm bu klinik ve laboratuvar aşamalarının manuel olarak gerçekleştirildiği göz önüne alınırsa hazırlanan protezlerde optimal kaliteyi sağlamak oldukça zordur. Tam protezlerde kaide materyali olarak en çok tercih edilen akrilik rezin, polimetil metaakrilattır. Bu rezinin kolay onarımı ve maliyetinin düşük olması gibi avantajları olmasına rağmen polimerizasyon büzülmesine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan boyutsal değişimi ise en büyük dezavantajıdır. Bu deformasyonlardan kaçınmak için birçok muflalama tekniği geliştirilmiş olsa da istenilen düzeyde bir başarı sağlanamamış olması araştırmacıları başka teknik arayışlarına yönlendirmiş ve bu yüzden tam protezlerin yapımında daha fazla tekniğin optimizasyonunun klinik pratiğe fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmüştür. Dijital diş hekimliğindeki güncel gelişmeler tam protez tedavi yöntemlerini ve üretimlerini etkilemeye başlamıştır. Modern teknolojinin tam protezlerin üretimine olan entegrasyonuyla fabrikasyon prosedürlerinde farklılıklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Dijital iş akışı için yayınlarda önerilen adımlar oldukça çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Yeni teknolojiler hem hekimler hem de teknisyenler için özel bilgi ve beceriler gerektirirken, vasıflı el işçiliğine olan ihtiyacı ise azaltmıştır. Bu derlemenin amacı tam protezlerin geleneksel ve dijital tekniklerle üretimi ile ilgili mevcut literatürü pekiştirmek, klinik ve laboratuvar aşamalarının mevcut dijital iş akışlarını özetlemek, dijital alternatiflerin aşamalarını açıklamak ve bunların avantajlarını ve sınırlamalarını tartışmaktır.
Dental İmplantolojide Polietereterketon (PEEK): Geleneksel Derleme
Authors: GÜNEŞ Fatma , KOCACIKLI Mustafa , KORKMAZ Turan
Published: December 2023

Günümüz diş hekimliğinde estetik restorasyonlara sürekli artan ilgiyle doğal diş yapısına benzer, biyouyumlu, iyi mekanik ve fiziksel özelliklere sahip metal içermeyen restorasyonlar daha sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Bu materyallerden biri olan termoplastik polimer yapısındaki Polietereterketon (PEEK) diş hekimliğinde kullanımı hızla yaygınlaşmaya başlamıştır. PEEK, keton ve eter fonksiyonel grupları ile birbirine bağlı aromatik halka ve amorf-kristal fazdan oluşan iki fazlı doğrusal zincir yapısına sahip, 1.3-1.5 g/cm3 yoğunlukta yarı kristalli termoplastik bir homopolimerdir. PEEK materyalinin biyouyumlu olması, elastik modülünün kemiğe daha yakın olması, şok absorpsiyonu, korozyona uğramaması, yüksek aşınma ve kırılma direncine sahip olması, üstün cilalanabilir özelliği ile plak tutulumun düşük olması ve metal restorasyonlara göre daha hafif bir materyal olması gibi özelliklere sahiptir. PEEK materyali, termal özellikleri nedeniyle insan vücudunda stabil kalmaktadır. Yüksek ısıya karşı dirençlidir ve birçok sterilizasyon yöntemine uygundur. Kimyasal olarak inert bir materyaldir. Bu sebeple diğer materyallere düşük reaksiyon gösterir ve birçok geleneksel çözeltide çözünmemektedir. PEEK materyaline karşı alerjik reaksiyon gelişme oranı düşüktür. Bu nedenle metal alerjisine sahip hastalar için iyi bir alternatiftir. Bu materyal diş hekimliğinde; implant materyali, implant abutment materyali, implant üstü dijital ölçü postu olarak, implant destekli overdenture protezlerde hassas bağlantı parçası olarak, implant üstü hibrit protezlerde alt yapı materyali, iyileşme başlığı materyali, sabit protezlerde alt yapı materyali, geçici kron materyali, hareketli protezlerde ana bağlayıcı ve kroşe materyali, okluzal splint materyali olarak kullanılabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diş İmplantları, Diş Protezi, Polietereterketon
Evaluation of the Effect of an Energy Drink And 35% Hydrogen Peroxide on Discoloration and Microhardness of Current Restorative Materials
Authors: KARA Recep
Published: December 2023

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide and carbonated energy drinks on microhardness and discoloration of CAD/CAM hybrid blocks and existing composite resins.

Materials and Methods: Fifteen disc (4x10 mm) samples were produced from each material (Tetric-N-Ceram=TNC, Estelite Sigma Quick=ESQ, Shofu HC=SH and Vita Enamic=VE). Five samples from each group were randomly assigned according to the application procedure (soaking in an aerated energy drink, 37 °C distilled water, and exposure to 35% hydrogen peroxide bleach gel). The color change and microhardness of the samples were measured before and after the treatments. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney-U, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, a one-way ANOVA, and a post hoc test (p>0.05).

Results: No change in microhardness was observed in all groups. The highest color change was found in the ESQ group exposed to hydrogen peroxide, while the lowest color change was found in the VE group. Energy drink and hydrogen peroxide do not affect the microhardness of test materials, but may cause discoloration.
Temporomandibular Eklemin Transkraniyal Görüntülenmesinde Farklı Açılamaların Değerlendirilmesi: İn Vitro Çalışma
Authors: KAPLANOĞLU Kadir , AKGÜNLÜ Faruk
Published: December 2023

Amaç: Temporomandibular eklem, baş bölgesinde hareketli olan tek eklemdir. Temporomandibular eklem radyolojik incelemelerinde görülmesi istenen dokular; kondil, glenoid fossa, eklem diski ve komşu yumuşak dokulardır. Bunları değerlendirmek için farklı yöntemler uygulanır. Çalışmamızın amacı, temporomandibular eklemin lateral transkraniyal radyografik yöntem ile görüntülenmesinde en ideal açılamanın değerlendirilmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kafa modelde sol temporomandibular eklem bölgesi üzerinde çalışıldı. Kondil başı ve artiküler fossaya belirteç olarak gutta perka parçaları yerleştirildi. Kafa model üzerindeki belirteçler arası mesafeler dijital kumpas ile ölçülerek yedi farklı parametrenin gerçek boyutları belirlendi. Periapikal röntgen cihazı kullanılarak sol temporomandibular eklem bölgesinden vertikalde 3, horizontalde 5 farklı açı kombinasyonu sonucunda 15 farklı açılama altında radyograflar elde edildi. Çalışma süresince yapılan ölçümler sonucunda elde edilen veriler Windows ortamında SPSS (SPSS Statistics 17.0, Chicago, USA) kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Alınan radyograflar üzerindeki parametre boyutları istatistiksel olarak Two-way Anova testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir (p˂0.05). Elde edilen verilerin homojen dağılıp dağılmadığı Kolmogorov-Smirnov ve Shapiro-Wilk testi ile değerledirilmiş olup, verilerin normal dağılım gösterdiği bulunmuştur. Bütün açılamalar değerlendirildiğinde Metapacs Viewer ve İmage J ölçüm yöntemleri arasında anlamlı fark olmadığı gözlenmiştir (p>0,05).

Sonuç: Tüm parametreler birlikte değerlendirildiği zaman gerçek boyuta en uzak açılama: 25V +20H olarak, en ideal açılamalar ise: 20V -20H ve 25V -10H olarak belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: İn vitro, Radyografi, Temporomandibular eklem.
The Effect of Beverages and Polishing on Color Change of Different Temporary Prosthetic Materials: In Vitro Study
Authors: RENÇBER KIZILKAYA Ayşe , DURSUN Meltem Nermin
Published: December 2023

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five different beverages and polishing on the color change of two different temporary prosthetic materials manufactured with different methods.

Method: 160 (10x2 mm) disc-shaped samples were fabricated using direct (Acrytemp)(n=80) and indirect (Imident) (n=80) temporary prosthetic materials. Samples prepared using molds were divided into four groups as polished (direct/indirect material) and unpolished (direct/indirect material) (n=40 each). After initial measurement of L,a,b values using a spectrophotometer, the samples in each group were immersed in five different beverages (distilled water (DW), coffee (CF), cola (CC), sour cherry juice (CJ), red wine (RW) (n=8) and stored for 7 days. Then, the spectrophotometric measurements of the samples were repeated and the color change (ΔE00) values were calculated. Data were analyzed using a three-way-ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey HSD test (p=0.05).

Results: Greater color change was observed in the direct temporary material (p
ANAYASAL DÜZENİN KORUYUCULUĞUNDAN SIRADAN BİR MAHKEMEYE EVRİLME ÖRNEĞİ OLARAK MACARİSTAN ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ
Authors: KURT Taha
Published: December 2023

Anayasa yargısı veya yargı denetimi, günümüz anayasal sistemlerinin temel özelliklerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Anavatan Amerika Birleşik Devletleri örneği bir yana bırakılırsa, anayasa yargısının temel olarak sırasıyla I. Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen ardından ve 20. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde sosyalist rejimlerin yıkılmasından sonra yaygınlaştığı görülür. 1989’da kurulan Macaristan Anayasa Mahkemesi, anayasal düzenin temel koruyucu kurumlarından biri olarak tasarlanmıştır. Yüksek Mahkeme kurulduğu ilk günden itibaren, yaklaşık çeyrek yüzyıl boyunca kuvvetler ayrığı, frenler ve dengeler mekanizması, temel hak ve özgürlüklerin güvenceye alınması, anayasal devletin tesisi konularında önemli fonksiyonlar yerine getirmiştir. Fakat daha sonra yapılan Anayasa değişiklikleri sonucunda bu niteliğini kaybetmiştir. Macaristan Anayasa Mahkemesinin incelendiği bu çalışmada salt-organik bir mahkeme incelemesi yapılmamıştır. Bizce anayasal sistemin önemli bir unsuru olarak kurulan Yüksek Mahkemenin değeri ve fonksiyonu hukuksal, siyasal ve tarihsel okumalarla daha iyi anlaşılabilir. İlk kez 1989’da kurulan ve kısa dönem içerisinde sıra dışı değişim ve dönüşümler yaşayan Anayasa Mahkemesinin, sosyalist rejim döneminden başlayarak bir incelemesi yapılmıştır.
Die Novellierung der Verbraucherkreditrichtlinie
Authors: Wittig Judith
Published: December 2023

Im Juni 2021 legte die Europäische Kommission nach einer vorangegangenen umfassenden Konsultation ihren Entwurf zur grundlegenden Novellierung der Verbraucherkreditrichtlinie 2008/48/EU (nachstehend VerbraucherkreditRL 2008) vor. Ein Jahr später veröffentlichte der Europäische Rat am 7. 6. 2022 seinen Gegenentwurf. Im nachfolgenden Trilog zwischen Europäischer Kommission, Europäischem Rat und Europäischem Parlament konnte im April 2023 Einigung über den Richtlinientext erzielt werden. Das Europäische Parlament hat am 12. 9. 2023 in erster Lesung den Text verabschiedet und zur weiteren Verhandlung an den Rat und die Kommission übermittelt. Es ist daher an der Zeit, sich mit dem vom Parlament verabschiedeten Richtlinientext zu befassen und einen ersten Überblick über die wesentlichen Änderungen und deren voraussichtliche Auswirkungen auf die Praxis bei der Vergabe von Verbraucherkrediten in Deutschland zu geben.
Rēzekne Jewish Cemetery as a Representative Substructure of the “Other” in the Culture of Latgale
Authors: Senkāne Olga
Published: December 2023

The aim of this study is to analyze the verbal and non-verbal signs of the Rēzekne Jewish cemetery with the cultural semiotic approach and to find out the hybridization features of the Jewish semiosphere in Latgale. The article describes the Rēzekne Jewish cemetery as a representative substructure of the “other” in the culture of Latgale with special traditions of language and ritual graphics, valuable genealogical material and historical evidence about the fate of local Jews and with a special tomb cult, determined by the ethnically diverse environment.

Jews in Latgale have always nurtured and preserved their cultural otherness; this is also characteristic of their traditions of arranging cemeteries. Depending on the cultural and social trends of the relevant era, it is possible to trace changes in the formation of grave inscriptions, graphics and forms. Interrelations with the traditions of the local majority, the Latgalians, show the hybridization of the culture of Jewish cemeteries. In the 20th century, Yiddish is gradually disappearing from grave inscriptions, that is caused by decreasing of the number of its speakers. During the Soviet occupation, the role of the sacred language – Hebrew in grave inscriptions decreased, while the proportion of Russian in the narrative of the inscriptions increased. During the last decade of the 20th century, grave inscriptions are predominant in Russian, which confirms the decline in the number of Hebrew speakers. The symbolic meaning of tomb cult graphics in the second half of the 20th century levels off, and local Jews take over Latgalian traditions of the design of tombstones. The graphic shows the transmission of information to the receivers of the “other” culture, for example, the yellow Star of David is represented instead of the menorah, since the yellow six-pointed star is more recognizable to the local population as a testimony of the Holocaust. A menorah may not cause an association with a Jew, because candles and candlesticks are usual graphic elements of Latgalian tombs. Such a trend in the choice of symbols indicates a unique cultural dialogue and its implementation tools, which are oriented towards the self-presentation of a separate ethnic group, using recognizable stereotypical signs instead of specific cult symbols, the language of local residents instead of their sacred language. They want to be understood and understandable for themselves because the number of people who know the authentic meaning of Hebrew and sacred cult signs in Latgale and Rēzekne is quite small. In any case, communication or cultural dialogue still exists, at least the tomb culture is still capable of transmitting its basic values in the form of stereotypical, well-known signs. In this way, the “other” tends to be noticed and understood.
Температурна і концентраційна залежність дзета-потенціалу макромолекул альбуміну у водно-сольовому розчині згідно з комірковою моделлю
Authors: Stoliaryk O.D. , Guslisty A.A. , Khorolskyi O.V.
Published: December 2023

За допомогою комiркової моделi побудовано концентрацiйнi залежностi дзета-потенцiалу сироваткового альбумiну людини у водно-сольових розчинах; знайдено теоретичнi залежностi дзета-потенцiалу водно-сольових розчинiв сироваткового альбумiну людини вiд концентрацiї хлориду натрiю для рiзних концентрацiй альбумiну: а) за двох рiзних температур, 300 К та 318 К; б) за рiзних значень радiуса альбумiну, 40 Å та 45 Å. Виявлено, що змiна температури в розглянутих межах суттєво не впливає на дзета-потенцiал водно-сольових розчинiв альбумiну; збiльшення радiуса молекули на 5 Å приводить до помiтного зменшення дзета-потенцiалу вiд 3 до 10 одиниць в залежностi вiд концентрацiї солi. Отриманi данi є базисом для iнтерпретацiї значень дзета-потенцiалу альбумiну за наявностi рiзних патологiчних станiв.
Структурні та морфологічні властивості нанометрових вуглецевих плівок, отриманих розпиленням графіту електронним променем
Authors: Yukhymchuk V.O. , Dzhagan V.M. , Isaieva O.F. , Lytvyn P.M. , Korchovyi A.A. , Sabov T.M. , Lozinskii V.B. , Yefanov V.S. , Osokin V.O. , Kurapov Yu.A.
Published: December 2023

Методом електронного розпилення графiту отримано нанометровi вуглецевi плiвки на металевих (мiдних, сталевих) та кремнiєвих пiдкладинках. Температура пiдкладок варiювалася вiд 350 до 600 оС з кроком 50 оС, а час напилення – вiд 1 до 10 с. Отриманi вуглецевi плiвки характеризувалися методами раманiвської спектроскопiї, X-променевої фотоелектронної спектроскопiї (XPS), атомно-силової мiкроскопiї та електронного парамагнiтного резонансу (EPR). З аналiзу раманiвських спектрiв встановлено, що при температурах металевих пiдкладок до 400 оС, сформованi на них вуглецевi плiвки є аморфними, при вищих температурах мають графiтоподiбну структуру. На кремнiєвих пiдкладинках при всiх температурах до 600 оС формуються аморфнi вуглецевi плiвки. Отриманi результати з раманiвських спектрiв корелюють з даними XPS. Показано, що на морфологiю плiвок впливає як температура пiдкладок, так i їхнiй тип (металева чи кремнiєва). Зi збiльшенням температури пiдкладок вiд 350 до 600 оС середнi розмiри нерiвностей на поверхнi вуглецевих плiвок зростають як на металевих, так i на кремнiєвiй пiдкладинках. EPR дослiдження показали, що наявнi в плiвках структурнi дефекти, якi зумовлюють прояв у раманiвських спектрах так званих дефектних смуг (D та D′), є не парамагнiтними.
A Teologia em interface com as ciências
Authors: Lorenzetti Darlan Paulo
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo tem como aspiração realizar um recorte acerca dos principais aspectos circundantes à relação entre Teologia e ciência. Recupera, inicialmente, um importante desafio por parte da Teologia: constituir, em seu encontro contemporâneo com a razão científica, uma postura dialógica e aberta. Com base sobretudo em fragmentos de escritos dos teólogos alemães Karl Rahner e Jürgen Moltmann, procura reconstruir os núcleos fundamentais nos quais Teologia e ciência estão assentadas. Isso permite traçar uma distinção essencial a respeito da natureza de cada uma. Em seguida, o texto expõe alguns dos limites e possíveis incongruências do espírito cientificista reinante a partir da Modernidade. Na segunda seção, aborda a questão de a Teologia ser ou não reconhecida como ciência. Acentua novamente o caráter problemático da redução do espectro científico a partir dos princípios da experimentalidade, ressaltando o entrelaçamento disso com o fenômeno da secularização. Por fim, discute alguns critérios básicos aos quais a Teologia precisa adequar-se para adquirir o status de ciência, enfatizando a importância de sua inserção enquanto discurso no espaço público.
Escala de potencial criativo no trabalho
Authors: Fabbro Spadari Gabriela , Nakano Tatiana de Cássia , Peixoto Evandro Morais
Published: December 2023

O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a análise dos itens da Escala de potencial criativo no trabalho. A amostra foi composta por 377 participantes, de 18 a 73 anos (M = 33,1; DP = 10,0). Para isso, realizou-se a análise das propriedades psicométricas dos itens, notadamente a estimação da sua dificuldade e medidas de ajuste. Duas análises foram conduzidas. Na primeira, por meio do Modelo de Créditos Parciais, verificou-se os índices de dificuldade dos itens e/ou o nível de habilidade necessária para que o sujeito endosse o conteúdo apresentado no item. Todos os itens que compõem o instrumento apresentaram índices de infit e outfit adequados, com exceção de dois itens. Foi possível, ainda, elaborar o mapa de itens, a fim de identificar aqueles que semostram mais proeminentes em discriminar indivíduos que apresentam nível de habilidade acima da média. De modo geral, os resultados encontrados nosestudos amparam evidências positivas de validade e precisão da escala. Sugere-se que novos estudos sejam conduzidos com o instrumental, notadamente sua normatização a fim de que o mesmo possa ser disponibilizado, futuramente, para uso profissional.
Az őssejt-mobilizáció aktualitásai myeloma multiplexben
Authors: Szemlaky Zsuzsanna , Ceglédi Andrea , Mikala Gábor
Published: December 2023

A myeloma multiplex kezelésében a folyamatosan változó triplet terápiák mellett jelenleg az autológ őssejtátültetés továbbra is javasolt első vonalbeli terápiaként, az elért remisszió elmélyítése céljából. A lenalidomidbázisú terápiák előretörésével az őssejt-mobilizációban is változások tapasztalhatók. A lenalidomid kezelés dózisával és hosszával párhuzamosan csökken az őssejtkitermelés hatásfoka, mely maga után vonja az eddig széles körben alkalmazott mobilizáló kezelések nagyobb arányú sikertelenségét. Az összefoglalóban az őssejt-mobilizáció aktuális lehetőségeit ismertetjük.
Investigating the surface roughness of 3D printed metal parts in case of thin 20 µm build layer thickness
Authors: Markovits Tamás , Varga László Ferenc
Published: December 2023

In the case of the laser powder bed fusion technology of metals, the surface quality often does not meet the requirements for use. In addition, the surface can be characterized by different values on different surfaces of the part, depending on the preparation of the workpiece and the technology. The parameters affecting the surface roughness and their effect are also explored in the case of different raw materials and technological settings. In this research, the knowledge was expanded in the case of one of the thinnest layer thicknesses under various conditions. The effect of the angle of orientation during the preparation for the upskin and downskin surfaces of the component, in different directions on the surface of the components were determined in the case of titanium and stainless steel raw materials. In addition, the roughness-reducing effect of the shot peening process was also investigated.

Graphical abstract
MONITORING OF SAFE OPERATION OF ROAD BRIDGES OF UKRAINE
Authors: O. Davydenko
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The article provided a generic overview of national regulatory and methodological framework operating highway bridges, scientific principles in the management of reliability and durability of highway bridges Ukraine and analysis of their technical state in 2010-2014 years. Methodology. Theoretical study. Findings. In the frame of this study to assess the analysis and forecast of the technical state of reinforced concrete highway bridges gives grounds to assert that adopted in ISO hypothesis of constant speed degradation is not confirmed. Originality. The first time the monitoring operation of road bridges, which serves as the basis for taken for testing theoretical principles and formulating new ones. Practical value. The results are a practical management tool reliability and resource reinforced concrete highway bridges.
REINFORCED-CONCRETE HATCHES OF MANHOLES
Authors: К. Soldatov  , Y. Zayac
Published: December 2023

Purpose. Experience of operation of different type of hatches made of different materials shows that majority of them  has not sufficient bearing capacity, that is why the primary purpose of this work is construction and calculation of such a hatch, that would be optimal from point of cost and bearing capacity. Methodology. For research experimental and theoretical method was chosen, which is based on application of new design of reinforced-concrete hatch, which is designed with the special method of calculation and experiments on test samples that are manufactured on the bridge reinforced-concrete structures factory with different parameters of both concrete mix and re-enforcement. Findings. Results of the performed calculations and testing’s of three natural size samples confirmed that this type of hatch has larger bearing capacity when compared to analog samples of polymer materials. Originality. Publications on this direction do not contain sampled that are similar to described ones in design. The very design and calculation method are new. Practical value. This design of the hatch is suitable for installing even in the areas of the high loading. By comparison to analogs made of cast-iron and polymers it is simple in manufacturing, and, most importantly, it satisfies the requirements of operational safety.
THE CLASS DEFINITION FOR RAILROAD REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGE SPAN BY ITS FREQUENCY (PERIOD) OF CHARACTERISTIC OSCILLATIONS
Authors: К. Soldatov  , М. Zhurbenko  , V. Miroshnik
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for determining the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete spans for the railway by the results of static or dynamic tests of the spans. Methodology. For the span that should be classificated, the survey is being conducted and the measurements of deflections and natural frequency are performed under passing vehicles, using simple measuring devices (flexometer, vibrograph). Received deflection and frequency data is not complicated but it gives a real picture of the given span condition taking into account hidden defects that is very essential. Findings.  Based on the large number of tests for this type of spans, two beams for which there are results for both deflection and frequency are taken for the calculations. Calculations were performed with the given method (by frequency of natural oscillations and deflection) and with the general method [3]. The results indicate that the proposed method yields results that are significantly different from those obtained with the general method (up to 40%). This is the percentage that constitutes the safety factor of the span. Originality. Based on the literary sources, the work in this direction is novel and it’s proposed to implement this method for general use by developing updates for existing guidelines [3]. Practical value.  Analysis of the received results indicates that the application of this method for all the railways of Ukraine will enable by the recalculation only to increase actual bearing capacity of spans by 30…40% while classification of reinforced concrete spans, this it will shift a significant number of spans from the unsatisfactory condition to satisfactory one and from satisfactory to the good one.
SPECIFICS OF BEARING CAPACITY DETERMINING FOR STEEL SPANS WITH UPPER-LEVEL TRAFFIC WITH DIRECT BRIDGE DECK SUPPORT BY TRUSS UPPER BELT
Authors: V. Solomka  , V. Miroshnik  , A. Pinchuk  , V. Rykina
Published: December 2023

Purpose. The research of specifics of bearing capacity determination with upper-level traffic with direct bridge deck support by truss upper belt by classification method. Methodology. The determination of bearing capacity for upper belt elements of trusses was performed by classification method for the span that is being operated since 1903. The span has lower belts of parabolic shape and triangular lattice. The bridge deck consists of ballastless bridge plates that are laid directly on upper belts of main trusses. Such constructional feature of bridge deck induces in upper belt elements additional local bending. Stress combination is accounted in allowable load formula using two methods. First variant is fundamentally different from the allowable load determination for common trusses by an index that accounts the local bending effect. For the second variant the determination of allowable transient load is being determined using core moments. Also to compare the difference between class determination with and without local bending, the computation by allowable transient loads by formulas for common truss is given (nodal load transfer) Findings. For elements’ class determination, the largest values were obtained while calculating allowable transient loads by common trusses formulas. The lowest classes are obtained for allowable transient load computation with of index, which accounts for local bending. Originality. The computation by three methods was performed and the most optimal class values for upper belt elements of steel truss span with direct bridge deck support were determined. Practical value. Obtained results of classifications will be used for making a decision of metal truss spans with upper-level traffic with direct bridge deck support by upper belt that were designed by old standards and are currently in operation maintenance.
THE RESEARCH OF THE DEFLECTED MODE FOR THE STEEL TRUSS BRIDGE SPAN WITH UPPER-LEVEL TRAFFIC BY THE COMPUTER MODELING METHOD
Authors: Ovchinnikov P. , Solomka V. , Miroshnik V. , Pinchuk А.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. To confirm the result of bridge span classification by using the computer modelling for truss span with upper-level traffic and polygonal lover belt and to determine minimal sufficient complexity of computational model that provides a possibility of adequate numerical calculation of given structure. Methodology. The result confirmation was executed by the comparison of stresses, that were yielded as a result of truss’ model loading with loads of predetermined class, with allowed stresses that were adopted for the determination of the afore-mentioned loading. The determination of optimal computational model was performed by the comparison of calculation results for models of different complexities. Findings. The results of the span modelling are similar enough to the results of it’s calculation, which confirms the accuracy of both methods and provides obvious idea about work of truss elements and critical places. The comparison of calculation results of different models showed that the using of shaft model with hard junctions and elements’ bending accounting is optimal. Originality. Computer modeling was used to confirm the results of span classification, which was conducted by the standard method. An optimal computational model was determined for trusses that are similar to given. Practical value. Results of analytical calculation were confirmed with demonstration of critical elements and obvious demonstration of results. The optimization of the model allows to lower calculation time and complexity of executing them for similar trusses.
Empirical Studies of Taxation in BRICS Countries: Literature Review
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Irkutsk, Russian Federation, Kireenko Anna P. ,   Ural Federal University named the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: December 2023

The cross-country studies in taxation could provide a number of unique advantages over national studies The paper aims to analyze existing empirical research devoted to tax issues in BRICS countries to classify them according to their aim and empirical base and answer the question: could BRICS countries really be compared in tax frame, and for what extend. The sample for this study includes all papers available in Science Direct, Google Scholar and E-Library databases, which include pair of words “tax” and “BRIC(S)” or “налог” and “БРИКС” simultaneously in the title, abstract, keywords. Literature sources were sorted by relevance and search depth was not limited. The literature review showed that studies devoted to taxation in BRICS countries have different approaches based on their aim and data. The most part of research is based on tradition approach (tax rates and tax legislation) only few research of taxes and related topics in BRICS are based on indices. We also separated several directions in studies related to taxation in BRICS countries: comparative description of taxation; tax avoidance and tax evasion and their determinants; examination of the particular tax or particular industry to find relevant experience to apply; examination the interaction between taxes and other variables (taxes and economic development; taxes and economic inequality; taxes and environment). The majority of articles do not aim to find some regularities for BRICS countries they only use these countries as random sample comparing them with G7 or MINT or other groups of countries. While almost the BRICS member countries are rapidly developing, they are diverse in culture, economic conditions and social and political structures. From this perspective we could not address to BRICS countries as a homogeneous group that could be used for observation in tax frame.
How Does the Public React to the Electric Vehicle Tax Incentive Policy? A Sentiment Analysis
Authors:   Directorate General of Taxes, Jakarta, Indonesia, Wibowo Agung Septia , Septiari Dovi ,   Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
Published: December 2023

While there are arguments suggesting that tax incentives can expedite the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), there are also counterarguments proposing that these incentives may exacerbate external costs. As a result, the government may need to incorporate public opinion as an input in formulating the most suitable approach to promote the adoption of electric vehicles within society. The purpose of this study is to investigate public sentiment on EV tax incentives in Indonesia through Twitter. This study utilizes text mining to examine public attitudes and sentiments toward EV using Twitter data. The sentiment analysis model employed is the Indonesian RoBERTa Base Sentiment Classifier. The data utilized in this study consists of Twitter posts spanning from May 2022 to May 2023. The final dataset for analysis comprises 99,856 tweets, each identified by a unique tweet ID. The results show that neutral sentiment dominating the tweet post from negative and positive sentiment. We also found that 56% are supporters and 44% are opposing groups. Tax incentive policies may not always be supported in terms of being considered unfair or inappropriate. Our finding shows three topics that are important for the public about EV: the price of electric vehicles, environmental issues, and EV infrastructure. This study demonstrates that tax incentives or price subsidies may not consistently receive positive perceptions or full support from society. Certain policies considered by specific stakeholders may diminish the effectiveness and expected outcomes of these measures. Our findings have several contributions for knowledge development and tax policy makers.
ENSINO HÍBRIDO NA UNIVERSIDADE E O LUGAR DE ENUNCIAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR NA FORMAÇÃO ACADÊMICO-PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Sena Isael de Jesus , Pereira Marcelo Ricardo , Lajonquière Leandro de
Published: December 2023

RESUMO: O crescimento do mercado da formação universitária no ensino superior privado tornou-se um grande negócio lucrativo, a ponto de ignorar o critério da qualidade da formação. Neste artigo refletimos sobre as contradições que dizem respeito à implementação do ensino híbrido, em que atividades virtuais e parcialmente presenciais são conciliadas, mas adotadas estrategicamente seguindo o apetite de gozo do mercado. A partir do caso Moara, sob às coordenadas dos estudos de psicanálise, educação e formação docente, examinamos como o uso do ensino mediado pelas tecnologias precariza e pode prescindir-se do professor, ao passo que, ao objetificá-lo, expropria-o de seu lugar de enunciação. A incidência do discurso tecnológico na formação acadêmico-profissional, como desdobramento do discurso capitalista, cria enunciados que se tornam suporte discursivo e significantes mestres por meio dos quais o docente pode não somente alienar-se, mas também satisfazer-se. Veremos a que preço.
HYBRID TEACHING AT THE UNIVERSITY AND ENUNCIATION PLACE OF PROFESSORS IN THE ACADEMIC-VOCATIONAL FORMATION
Authors: Sena Isael de Jesus , Pereira Marcelo Ricardo , Lajonquière Leandro de
Published: December 2023

ABSTRACT: The growth of the university formation market, in private higher education, has become a big profitable business, to the point of ignoring the criterion of quality of training. In this article, we reflect on the contradictions regarding the implementation of hybrid education, in which virtual and partially face-to-face activities are reconciled, but strategically adopted following the market's appetite for jouissance. Based on the Moara case, under the coordinates of psychoanalysis, education and teacher training studies, we examine how the use of teaching mediated by technologies precarizes and can do without the teacher, while, when objectify the professors, expropriates them from their enunciation place. The incidence of technological discourse in academic-professional training, as an unfolded from capitalist discourse, creates statements that become discursive support and master signifiers through which the teacher can not only alienate himself, but also be satisfied. We'll see at what price.