bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
14 Public Sphere and Open Society from the Perspective of Axial Age China
Authors: Roetz Heiner
Published: July 2016

The open society together with a pluralistic public sphere is a cornerstone of modernity and a necessary element of democracy. However, it has been maintained that the possibility of such a society depends on liberal convictions that are not applicable to non-Western cultures and also contradict the Confucian value orientation.

The article argues that such an assumption is based on a number of problematic premises. There is no one-sided dependence of the socio-political system on culture, and the contemporary Chinese society is much too diverse to be dominated by Confucian values. Moreover, China’s cultural history and also Confucianism can be brought into the debate in yet another way than as a negative factor inhibiting and restricting an open society. There is textual evidence that forms of open society existed already in ancient China. Though they were not always supported by the elite, China’s intellectual heritage offers enough points of reference in order to refute the claim that the open society is an alien element in Chinese culture.
15 How to Jointly Decide What Ought to Be Done?
Authors: Brunozzi Philippe
Published: July 2016

This paper focuses on contemporary Chinese theories of public moral justification and engages in the mainly descriptive project of introducing how, according to at least some contemporary Chinese theorists, we ought to decide which moral order shall figure as the common normative framework for our undertakings so that it can be considered to be publicly justified to all. Giving a closer reading of four Chinese theorists (Zhao Tingyang, Wan Junren, Fan Hao and Gao Zhaoming), it will become apparent that these accounts display an internal dynamic that shall allow us to relate them so as to draw the rough outlines of a possible coherent account of public moral justification. In the centre of this account will figure a standpoint that may be coined as a “first-person plural standpoint”.
18 International Justice and the Limit of Public Reason
Authors: Dunhua Zhao
Published: July 2016

The issue of international justice is both theoretical and practical. Being involved difficulties in both perspectives, this issue became one of major problems in public debates between liberalism and conservatism, the Right and the Left, globalization and nationalism, modernity and traditionalism, democratic and centralist claims, etc. This paper wants to clarify key conceptions involved, such as “private” and “public”, “society” and “state”, “global” and “universal”, “ideology” and “management”.
29 Marx’s Theory of the Historical Path and its Commitment to Concretization
Authors: Xiaoming Wu
Published: July 2016

Many scholars tend to misunderstand Marx’s theory on the historical path by either taking it as a supra-historical principle or using it in the sense of a subjective external reflection. It is argued in this paper that we should start from the essential foundation of historical materialism to explain Marx’s theory of the historical path, so that its inherent commitment to concretization, which is of essential importance to the whole theory, can be seen clearly. Due to its being separated from Hegelian philosophy, the commitment to concretization within Marx’s theory cannot be actualized through speculative logic. It can only be actualized via the investigation of the life. Such commitment to concretization requires that we should take the changing structure of the mode of production as the axis, and carry out concrete research into all areas of essential difference. In this sense, concretization (investigating real life itself) becomes the “categorical imperative” (kategorischer Imperativ) of Marx’s theory of the historical path.
Maternal Gametophyte Effects on Seed Development in Maize
Authors: Chettoor Antony M , Phillips Allison R , Coker Clayton T , Dilkes Brian , Evans Matthew M S
Published: July 2016

Flowering plants, like placental mammals, have an extensive maternal contribution toward progeny development. Plants are distinguished from animals by a genetically active haploid phase of growth and development between meiosis and fertilization, called the gametophyte. Flowering plants are further distinguished by the process of double fertilization that produces sister progeny, the endosperm and the embryo, of the seed. Because of this, there is substantial gene expression in the female gametophyte that contributes to the regulation of growth and development of the seed. A primary function of the endosperm is to provide growth support to its sister embryo. Several mutations in Zea mays subsp. mays have been identified that affect the contribution of the mother gametophyte to the seed. The majority affect both the endosperm and the embryo, although some embryo-specific effects have been observed. Many alter the pattern of expression of a marker for the basal endosperm transfer layer, a tissue that transports nutrients from the mother plant to the developing seed. Many of them cause abnormal development of the female gametophyte prior to fertilization, revealing potential cellular mechanisms of maternal control of seed development. These effects include reduced central cell size, abnormal architecture of the central cell, abnormal numbers and morphology of the antipodal cells, and abnormal egg cell morphology. These mutants provide insight into the logic of seed development, including necessary features of the gametes and supporting cells prior to fertilization, and set up future studies on the mechanisms regulating maternal contributions to the seed.
Bridging the Gap: A Contraception Counseling Workshop for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Sobel Lauren , Shea Catherine , Sommer Brenna , Blau Caitlin , Brody Carrine
Published: July 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background: Unintended pregnancy is a major public health issue in the United States. Physicians and allied health professionals play a principal role in providing current, accurate, and unbiased reproductive health information. The Medical Students for Choice chapter leadership at Touro University-California identified the public health implications of accessible contraception, the discussion of all-current contraceptive methods, and effective contraception options counseling as gaps in the current curriculum. This paper describes the process of creating, implementing, and evaluating a collaborative, hands-on contraception workshop conducted in order to address these deficits. Methods: Forty-two students from the osteopathic medicine, physician assistant, and public health programs attended the workshop. All attendees agreed to participate in pre- and post-intervention evaluation, which assessed changes in knowledge and attitude as well as collected acceptability information. Results: This workshop achieved its goal of increasing knowledge about contraception and contraception options counseling. While attitudes about the importance of contraception information in curriculum and the likelihood of using contraception options counseling skills in the future did not significantly change, they were high to start with and they trended in a positive direction. Conclusions: This workshop has the potential to inform the development of similar contraception workshops in medical or allied health profession programs with similar curricular deficits. Improved training preclinical contraception training has the potential to optimize women's contraception counseling experiences and help reduce the high number of unintended pregnancies in the United States.
Diversity and Spatial Heterogeneity of Weed Communities in a Sugarcane Cropping System in the Dry Tropics of Costa Rica
Authors: Leon Ramon G. , Agüero Renán , Calderón Diego
Published: July 2016

Weed diversity, structure, and distribution within and outside agricultural fields affect not only ecological processes but also weed management strategies. We studied how areas managed differently within and outside the field determine weed communities in a sugarcane cropping system in the dry tropics of Costa Rica. A total of 120 weed species were detected, which was similar to surveys conducted in subtropical and temperate conditions. Weed species richness was highest in undisturbed field borders and lowest in rows and furrows. The area where tractors turn within the field (turn area) had similar richness compared with the borders, despite being one of the most disturbed management areas studied. The most predominant weed species were divided between generalists and species that exhibited clear preferences for management area or soil texture. Soil texture was more important for determining weed community structure than management area when considering weed species affecting weed control decisions. The results indicated that disturbance in the management area and, especially, weed control practices are critical factors affecting weed diversity, but availability of resources for weed growth such as nutrients, soil moisture, and light can mitigate some of the limitations imposed by weed control on weed diversity, especially in the turn area. Differences in weed communities between management areas within fields indicated the existence of conditions that favor key weed species, and this information can be used to anticipate their population growth and help determine when and where more intensive control should be implemented.
Towards a humanising pedagogy through an engagement with the social-subjective in educational theorising in South Africa
Authors: Fataar Aslam
Published: July 2016

This article is an attempt to bring the social complexity of education into a conversation with what is referred to as a humanising pedagogy. In the article, I work with a definition of humanising pedagogy based on a three-dimensional conception of social justice. Drawing on Nancy Fraser (2009), I suggest that such a pedagogy should involve 1) the question of knowledge redistribution, 2) recognition of the knowledges, literacies, and identities of students, and 3) an emphasis on participation that brings process pedagogical orientations back into view to counter the rigid pedagogical orientation that informs South Africa's curriculum approach. The article unpacks what it means to insert a conception of the social-subjective into educational theorising in South African education academic work. I argue that this dimension is largely absent in hegemonic educational academic orientations, the consequence of which is a thinned-out focus on curriculum and pedagogy, devoid of how the complex social-subjective frames the subject's access to education. Based on my ethnographic work in urban sites, the article offers a view of the social-subjective that is aimed at disrupting South African educational theorising and provides a "pedagogical justice" view of education that may, conceptually, be able to account for the complex social-subjective in education-and thereby better enable the emergence of a humanising pedagogy in our educational discourses.
Threshold concept theory and nonformal education: Community-based arts learning in Palestine
Authors: Rowe Nicholas
Published: July 2016

Arts learning forums can provide a crucial opportunity for communities undergoing massive social upheaval to gather, reimagine, and exchange ideas. By providing multimodal expressive environments in which to explore, process, create, and share, a community arts education programme might be considered central to the sustenance of community during periods of collective trauma. Arts education programmes similarly maintain a capacity to disassemble communities, leading to greater exclusion, alienation, and dependence on foreign aid. This article critically reflects on the design of the Our Kids' Teachers programme in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, which provided workshop training in arts education methodologies to over a thousand teachers and youth leaders in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Central to this design was an application of transformative, experiential learning, which might be posited as a practical example of threshold concept theory (Land, Meyer, & Smith, 2008). While scholarly research into threshold concept learning has predominantly focused on curricula within formal education, there is a clear relevance of this educational theory to community learning forums. Moreover, when contextualised within a community arts education process, it suggests ways of designing programmes to support a humanising pedagogy.
Emergence of environment and sustainability education (ESE) in teacher education contexts in Southern Africa: A common good concern
Authors: Mandikonza Caleb , Lotz-Sisitka Heila
Published: July 2016

Environmental and sustainability issues prevail in modern society. Southern Africa, where this study is based, is one of the regions most at risk from intersecting issues of climate health risk, and poverty-related ills. Education has the potential to facilitate catalytic transformation of society through development of understandings of these intersecting environment and sustainability concerns, and to support engagements in more sustainable social practices oriented towards the common good. This requires a rethinking of education within a wider common good frame. It also has implications for how quality education is considered. However, little is said of how this could be done, especially in teacher education. The paper shares two cases of teacher educators' change project experiences, as they emerged via professional development support and the mediatory processes applied in courses conducted by the Southern African Development Community Regional Environmental Education Programme (SADC REEP) aimed at enhancing professional capacity of teacher educators and other environmental educators for mainstreaming environment and sustainability education (ESE)1. These courses are framed using a change project approach, and involve teacher educators as main participants. In-depth data were generated from interviews with two teacher educators, their assignment write-ups, and observations of their teacher education practice. Realist social theory, particularly the principle of emergence, was used to trace the emergence of change in teacher education practice. Sociocultural learning theory was used to explain mediation of learning-oriented changes in teacher education practice. We illustrate how the change project model and approach contributed to mediating change in practice, showing emergent attributes of capacity for mainstreaming ESE and elements of a concept of quality education among course participants oriented towards the common good. In conclusion, we argue that ESE seems to be a sensitising construct for initiating and sustaining change for ESE in teacher education. In addition, the change project has proved to be a potential vehicle for mainstreaming the notion and practice of ESE into social systems and teacher education practices. We argue that reflexive ESE praxis provides a sensitising focus, initiating quality education with humanising properties necessary for the common good.
Poesía Hispánica japonesista
Authors: Balcells José María
Published: July 2016

This article briefly describes the characteristics of the most typical poetry from the Classic Japanese Literature. It also gives data about the influence of this poetic modality on the Hispanic Literatures, particularly on the Spanish and Catalan ones. In the final part of this article ave try to explain some of the differences between the original Japanese model and the Japanese models produced by several authors from the two peninsular Hispanic Literatures mentioned above
Homero en la teoría literaria española del Siglo de Oro
Authors: González Álvaro María Luisa
Published: July 2016

En las páginas siguientes se tratará de desenterrar la figura de Homero, sepultada bajo el aluvión de citas y referencias de todo tipo (artísticas, históricas, filosóficas...) que frecuentan las páginas de nuestra teoría literaria del Siglo de Oro. Se han escogido varias obras fechadas a fines del XVI y principios del XVII por su importancia y representatividad. Con ellas como base se han intentado organizar, clasificar y analizar las menciones que al poeta griego y a diferentes aspectos de su obra allí se han localizado. Partiendo del inmenso prestigio del que gozaba la figura de Homero, se ha considerado de interés establecer, de alguna manera, distintos puntos clave en torno a los cuales se centra esa gran consideración, es decir, las cuestiones más relevantes en las que, para estos preceptistas, Homero aparece como la máxima autoridad.

The aim of this paper is to unearth Homer from the immense amount of quotations and referentes of all kinds (artistic, historical, philosophical) so common in the papes of our literary theory of the Golden Century. Several works, dating from the end of the XVI century and the beginning of the XVII century have been chosen because of their importante and typical nature. Using them as a base, we have tried to organise and analyse the mentions to the Greek poet and his works. Taking Homer's immense prestige as a starting point, we have considered of interest to establish the different key points around which this prestige thrives, that is to say, the most relevant issues in which, according to the theorists, Homer was considered the highest authority.
Modelando o Monismo de Triplo Aspecto em um Espaço de Estados com Dimensões Fracionárias
Authors: Júnior Alfredo Pereira , Bresciani Filho Ettore , Ilario Enidio
Published: July 2016

A ontologia é uma disciplina filosófica que procura compreender os princípios subjacentes à organização da realidade. Além dos recursos conceituais tradicionais, uma teoria ontológica pode ser construída com o auxílio de ferramentas oriundas de contextos interdisciplinares. Neste estudo, utilizamos a Teoria de Sistemas e a ferramenta Espaço de Estados para modelar a ontologia do Monismo de Triplo Aspecto, teoria filosófica que entende a realidade como exaustivamente descritível em três aspectos superpostos: 1) Matéria/Energia, 2) Forma/Informação e 3) Sentimento/Consciência. Considerando a hipótese naturalista de que as dimensões adicionais necessárias para representar o segundo e terceiro aspectos estão aninhadas no espaço-tempo quadridimensional formatado pelo primeiro aspecto, utilizamos o conceito de dimensão fracionária para representar o espaço de estados N-dimensional da realidade em uma versão compacta, assim evitando a “inflação dimensional” que se tornou comum nas cosmologias contemporâneas.
El precedente: un concepto
Authors: Sierra Sorockinas David
Published: July 2016

En este trabajo propongo un concepto de “precedente”, a partir de una teoría analítica del derecho. La hipótesis del trabajo es la siguiente: el “precedente” es una creación de la interpretación que hace un operador jurídico a partir de la lectura de una “sentencia”. Parto de lo siguiente: (i) “sentencia” es el texto que produce el “juez”, (ii) la interpretación que un operador jurídico haga de una o varias “sentencias” es la “jurisprudencia”. A su vez, (iii) la “jurisprudencia” está conformada por: el “precedente”, los “conceptos jurisprudenciales” y la “norma”. Me ocupo de la distinción entre ratio decidendi y obiter dictum, para demostrar que el “precedente” depende de la interpretación que hace un operador jurídico.
GRAMSCI, ESCOLA UNITÁRIA E A FORMAÇÃO HUMANA
Authors: Zen Eliesér Toretta , Melo Douglas Christian Ferrari de
Published: July 2016

O artigo tem como escopo refletir, do ponto de vista teórico, sobre a formação humana a partir da vida e obra do pensador italiano, Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937). Nesse sentido, objetiva abordar algumas categorias filosóficas de sua práxis político-pedagógica, entre elas, escola unitária, hegemonia e onilateralidade, como expressões de uma concepção teórica e política de um projeto socialista de sociedade e de ser humano. Nessa perspectiva, a escola unitária, ao integrar de forma dialética trabalho manual e intelectual, a dimensão técnica e política, autonomia intelectual e moral, conforma-se em princípio educativo do processo de formação humana. E, por fim, inaugura um autêntico humanismo em que o ser humano é compreendido como o conjunto das relações sociais, um ser concreto e histórico, um devir humano-social.Palavras-chave: Gramsci. Escola unitária. Formação humana. GRAMSCI, UNITARY SCHOOL AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Abstract: The scope of this article is to reflect from the theoretical point of view about the human formation on the basis of Antonio Gramsci's life and work (1891-1937). In this way, this text  aims to address some philosophical categories of this Italian thinker's  political and pedagogical praxis, such as Unitarian school,  hegemony and  omnilaterality. These expressions are instruments to build a political and theoretical conception of a socialist project of society and human being. On this perspective, the unitarian school, by integrating in a dialectic way the manual and intelectual job, the technical and political dimensions, the moral and intelectual autonomy, conforms it, in an educational principle of human's formation process. And finally, he inaugurates a authentic humanism in which human being is understood as a group of social relations, a be concrete and historical, a becoming social and human.Keywords: Gramsci. Unitarian school. Human Formation. GRAMSCI, ESCUELA UNITÁRIA Y FORMACIÓN HUMANAResumen: El artículo tiene como alcance reflejar desde el punto de vista teórico de la formación humana de la vida y el trabajo del pensador italiano Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937). En este sentido, tiene como objetivo hacer frente a algunas categorías filosóficas de su praxis político-pedagógica, entre ellos, la escuela unitaria, hegemonía y onilateralidade, como expresión de una concepción teórica y política de un proyecto socialista de la sociedad y del ser humano. Desde esta perspectiva, la escuela unitaria, mediante la integración del trabajo manual e intelectual dialécticamente, la dimensión técnica y política, autonomía intelectual y moral, se ajusta en principio educativo del proceso de desarrollo humano. Por último, inaugura un auténtico humanismo en el que el ser humano se entiende como un conjunto de relaciones sociales, un ser concreto y de la historia, convirtiéndose en un ser humano-social.Palabras clave: Gramsci. Escuela de unidad. Formación humana.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A APARÊNCIA A PARTIR DE ROUSSEAU E KANT: aproximações e diferenças
Authors: Carvalho Zilmara de Jesus Viana de
Published: July 2016

A presente investigação visa analisar o tema do refinamento dos costumes no séc. XVIII à luz do pensamento de Rousseau e Kant, assim como o consequente jogo da aparência que o envolve. Considera-se, para tanto, que, se por um lado, tais filósofos tecem, de forma recorrente, considerações sobre a civilidade, entendendo-a como um sintoma do progresso e vendo-a como algo que não pode ser pretendido como o estágio final da humanidade, sob pena do estranhamento do homem em relação ao seu ser, por outro, possuem diferenças insuperáveis em suas abordagens. Sendo assim, nossa pretensão é demonstrar que são precisamente as concepções distintas que estes têm acerca do homem e de seu desenvolvimento que definirão as expectativas que ambos possuem em relação à espécie. Palavras-chave: Civilidade. Aparência. Progresso. Moralidade.  CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT APPEARANCE FROM ROUSSEAU AND KANT: similaritiesand differencesAbstract: This research aims to analyze the theme of refinement of manners in the century. XVIII in the light ofthe thought of Rousseau and Kant, as well as the consequent appearance of game that involves. It is considered,therefore, that on the one hand, these philosophers analyzes on a recurring basis, consideration of civility, understandingit as a symptom of progress and seeing it as something that can not be intended as the final stage of humanity,on pain of estrangement of man in relation to his being on the other, have insurmountable differences in theirapproaches. Therefore, our intention is to demonstrate that are precisely the different conceptions they have aboutthe man and his development, outlining the expectations that both have in relation to the species.Keywords: Civility. Appearance. Progress. Morality.   CONSIDERACIONES ACERCA DE LA APARIENCIA DE ROUSSEAU Y KANT: similitudes y diferencias Resumen: Esta presente investigación analiza el tema del refinamiento de las costumbres en el siglo XVIII a la luz del pensamiento de Rousseau y Kant, así como el consecuente juego de apariencia que envuelve. Se considera, por lo tanto, que, por un lado, estos filósofos tejen de manera recurrente, consideraciones sobre la civilidad, entendiéndola como un síntoma de progreso y verla como algo que no puede ser destinado como la etapa final de la humanidad,  con pena de extrañamiento del hombre en relación con su ser, en el otro, tienen diferencias insuperables en sus abordajes. Así, nuestra intención es demostrar que son precisamente las concepciones distintas que que estos tienen sobre el hombre y su desarrollo que establecerá las expectativas de que ambos tienen en relación con la especie. Palabras clave: Civilidad. Apariencia. Progreso. Moralidad.
FILOSOFIA DA EDUCAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DE ERASMO DE ROTTERDAM E ROUSSEAU
Authors: Nascimento Sidnei Francisco do
Published: July 2016

Erasmo e Rousseau concordavam com o cuidado que os pais deveriam ter com a escolha da ama de leite. Criticavam o despotismo dos professores e o método de ensino que não respeitasse a liberdade e a individualidade da criança. Propagavam uma religiosidade sincera e interior sem ritos e formalismos e concebiam como princípio de uma boa educação a formação intelectual e moral baseada em suas concepções sobre a natureza. Palavras-chave: Erasmo. Rousseau. Religião. Educação. Razão. Natureza.  PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF ERASMUS OF ROTTERDAMAND ROUSSEAU Abstract: Erasmus and Rousseau agreed in relation to the caution that parents should have when choosing awet-nurse. They criticized teachers’ despotism and teaching methods that did not respect the children’s freedom andindividuality. They spread an inner and sincere religiosity, without rites and formality and understood as the principlefor good education the intellectual and moral formation that was based on their conception on nature.Keywords: Erasmus. Rousseau. Religion. Education. Reason. Nature. FILOSOFIA DE LA EDUCACIÓN EN EL CONTEXTO DE ERASMO DE ROTTERDAM Y ROUSSEAUResumen: Erasmus y Rousseau estuvieron de acuerdo con la atención que los padres deben tener la opción de nodriza. Criticado el despotismo de los profesores y el método de enseñanza que no respeta la libertad y la individualidad del niño. Se propaga una religiosidad sincera e interior sin ritos y formalidades y concebido como un principio de una buena educación la formación intelectual y moral basado en sus puntos de vista sobre la naturaleza. Palabras-clave: Erasmus. Rousseau. La religión. La educación. La razón. La naturaleza.
ESCRITURA, VERDADE, VIRTUDE
Authors: Pissarra Maria Constança Peres
Published: July 2016

O texto, “Os devaneios de um caminhante solitário” é uma obra póstuma e inacabada, cujo inicio ocorreu em 1776 e a redação continuou até 1778 quando foi interrompida pela morte de seu autor, Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Nos parágrafos iniciais, ele a define como a obra de um homem que não esperava mais nada do mundo, que vivia apenas de suas lembranças e que escrevia tão somente para si mesmo: “Eis-me, portanto, sozinho na terra, tendo apenas a mim mesmo como irmão, próximo, amigo, companhia”.  […] Tudo está acabado para mim sobre a terra. […] Sózinho pelo resto de minha vida, visto que somente em mim encontro a consolaçao, a esperança e a paz, não devo nem quero mais ocupar-me senão comigo mesmo é nesse estado que retomo a continuação do exame severo e sincero que outrora chamei minhas Confissões” (ROUSSEAU, 1995, p. 23 e 26). Palavras-chave: Devaneios de um caminhante solitário. Confissões. Lembranças. Devaneios.   SCRIPTURE, TRUTH, VIRTUE Abstract: The text, Reveries of a Solitary Walker, is a posthumous and unfinished work, which began in 1776and the writing continued until 1778 when it was interrupted by the death of its author, Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Inthe opening paragraphs, he defines this work like a man who did not expect anything else in the world, who livedonly by his remembrance and who wrote only for himself, “Here I am, therefore, alone on earth, having just myselfas a brother, as neighbor, as friend, as companion “. [...] It’s all over for me on earth. [...] Alone for the rest of my life,since is only in myself that I find solace, hope and peace, It’s my duty and my wish to be concerned entirely with myself,in that state that I return and continued the severe and sincere examination that once I called my Confessions”(ROUSSEAU, 1995, p. 23 e 26).Keywords: Reveries of a Solitary Walker. Confessions. Remembrance. Reveries.   ESCRITURA, VERDAD, VIRTUD Resumen: El texto "Los devaneos de un caminante solitario" es una obra póstuma e inacabada que se inició en 1776 y cuya redacción continuó hasta 1778 cuando fue interrumpida por la muerte de su autor, Jean-Jacques Rousseau. En los parágrafos iniciales, él a define como la obra de un hombre que no esperaba más nada del mundo, que vivía apenas de sus recuerdos y que escribía unicamente para sí mismo. “Estoy, por lo tanto, solo en la tierra, tengo solamente a mí mismo como hermano, vecino, amigo, compañía" [...] Todo está acabado para mí sobre la tierra […] Solo por el resto de mi vida, visto que solamente en mí encuentro consuelo, esperanza y paz, no debo ni quiero más ocuparme a no ser conmigo mismo y es en este estado que retomo a continuación del examen severo y sincero que antes llamé mis Confesiones" (ROUSSEAU, 1995, p. 23 e 26). Palabras clave: Devaneos de un caminante solitário. Confesiones. Recuerdos. Rousseau.
Growth, development and yield as affected by planting pattern and weed management in field pea and baby corn intercropping system
Authors: Devi*1 Moirangthem Thoithoi , Singh V.K.
Published: July 2016

A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of rabi 2011-13 at Dr. Norman E. Borlaug Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to find out the effect of planting pattern and weed management practices on growth, development and yield of field pea and baby corn in field pea (Pant P-13) + baby corn (Surya) intercropping system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design keeping four planting patterns as main plot and four weed management practices as sub plot with three replications. Most of the growth parameters viz. number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation (g/plant), crop growth rate and relative growth rate of field pea were comparatively higher under sole planting of field pea as compared to intercropping systems. Sole planting of field pea recorded significantly higher grain (2264 and 1434 kg ha-1) and straw yields (3263 and 2540 kg ha-1) during 2011-12 and 2012-2013 than yield obtained as a component crop in paired planting of maize (30/60 cm) + field pea (2:2) and planting of maize + field pea (1:1). Baby corn yield was similar in sole, paired (2:2) and 1:1 planting but significantly higher stover yield of baby corn (3576 kg ha-1 and 3533 kg ha-1, during 2011-12 and 2012-2013 respectively) was obtained from sole crop than other planting methods during both the years. Hand weeding at 30 days after sowing, pre emergence application of pendimethalin 1 kg ha-1 and post emergence application of imazethapyr 50 g ha-1 30 days after sowing improved all the growth and yield parameters of field pea and baby corn than weedy check .
Water use, yield and economics of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under varying IW-CPE ratios and fertilizer levels in South West Rajasthan
Authors: Dhaker R.C. , Dubey R.K. , Tiwari R.C. , Dubey S.K.
Published: July 2016

A field experiment was conducted at Udaipur for two consecutive rabi seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13 with aim to rationalize the water use and enhance the productivity of fenugreek through use of appropriate IW-CPE ratio and fertilizer level. Results show that IW-CPE ratio of 1.0 registered significantly higher pooled seed yield (1833 kg ha-1) to an extent of 45.48, 27.50 and 11.90% and pooled haulm yield (5111 kg ha-1) to a level of 41.42, 23.72 and 10.26% over lower IW-CPE ratios 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. However, pooled seed and haulm yield were statistically at par between IW-CPE ratios of 1.0 and 1.2. IW-CPE of 1.0 also recorded significantly higher pooled consumptive use (211.91 mm ha-1) over lower IW-CPE ratios. Water use efficiency (WUE) under IW-CPE ratio of 1.0 (8.63 kg grain mm-1 ha-1) was indifferent to IW-CPE ratio of 1.2 however; these treatment registered significantly lower pooled WUE values than various lower IW-CPE ratios. IW-CPE ratio of 1.0 also registered significantly higher pooled dry matter plant-1 at 40 and 80 days (1.40 and 11.97 g, respectively) and at harvest (17.07 g) over different lower IW-CPE ratios. IW-CPE ratio of 1.0 fetched significantly higher pooled net return (Rs 58442 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.53) over lower IW-CPE ratios but variations were indifferent with IW-CPE ratio of 1.2. Among fertility levels, 40 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 registered significantly higher pooled yield (seed: 1721 kg ha-1 and haulm: 4777 ha-1), consumptive use (173.59 mm ha-1), WUE (10.40 kg grain mm-1 ha-1), dry matter plant-1 at 40 days (1.34 g), 80 days (11.67 g) and at harvest (16.39 g), net return (Rs 54176 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.33) but variations were indifferent with 60 kg N + 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 in pooled seed and haulm yield, consumptive use, WUE, dry matter plant-1 at 40 and 80 days and harvest and net return.
A produção do inventário da coleção da Profª. Maria Luiza Cardoso sobre a história do ensino militar: perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Cardoso Maria Luiza
Published: July 2016

Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o processo de organização do acervo de documentos pessoais da Profa. Dra. Maria Luiza Cardoso sobre o ensino nas instituições militares. A referida docente trabalhou mais de 31 anos, como militar, na área educacional da Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB). A organização da Coleção envolve: 1) a viabilização do trabalho de higienização, acondicionamento e tratamento adequado dos documentos que compõem os seus subfundos arquivísticos; 2) a identificação, a descrição e a classificação do acervo histórico; 3) a digitalização dos documentos referentes aos subfundos, visando constituir um banco de dados sobre a documentação manuseada; e 4) a disponibilização para consultas e pesquisas de todo o material registrado do acervo através da elaboração de um DVD.
Arquivo escolar: vivenciar o inusitado
Authors: Menezes Maria Cristina , Pinheiro Maria de Lourdes
Published: July 2016

Com grande satisfação apresentamos a 2ª edição da RIDPHE_R, Revista Iberoamericana do Patrimônio Histórico-Educativo. Neste número se inaugura a seção Dossiê, que traz artigos do México, do Chile e de três diferentes regiões do Brasil, Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste.
Notícia
Authors: Editores Os
Published: July 2016

Lançamento da Coleção “Patrimônio Histórico-Educativo”, sob a coordenação de Maria Cristina Menezes e Carmen Sylvia Vidigal Moraes. I Concurso Nacional de Dibujo y Pintura: “Una mirada crítica al pasado de la escuela” - plazo para el envío de las obras de arte: hasta el 10 de noviembre de 2016.
Thermal analysis of a fast charging technique for a high power lithium ion cell
Authors: García Fernández Victor Manuel , Blanco Viejo Cecilio , Anseán González David , González Vega Manuela , Fernández Pulido Yoana , Alvarez Antón Juan Carlos
Published: July 2016

The cell case temperature versus time profiles of a multistage fast charging technique (4C-1C-CV)/fast discharge (4C) in a 2.3 Ah cylindrical lithium-ion cell are analyzed using a 1D thermal model. Heat generation is dominated by the irreversible component associated to cell overpotential, although evidences of the reversible component are also observed, associated to the heat related to entropy from the electrode reactions. The final charging stages (i.e., 1C-CV) significantly reduce heat generation and cell temperature during charge, resulting in a thermally safe charging protocol. Cell heat capacity was determined from cell specific heats and cell materials thickness. The 1D model adjustment of the experimental data during the 2 min. resting period between discharge and charge allowed us to calculate both the time constant of the relaxation process and the cell thermal resistance. The obtained values of these thermal parameters used in the proposed model are almost equal to those found in the literature for the same cell model, which suggests that the proposed model is suitable for its implementation in thermal management systems.
High Voltage Testing of Gas (SF6) Insulated Substation
Authors: C John De Britto
Published: July 2016

A resonant test system with variable frequency has been used to perform the On-Site Testing. The paper mainly describes about the concept of High Voltage testing using resonant test system with variable frequency and the concept of high voltage fault sensing and tripping mechanism. A design of a 220 V switchgear arrangement is described and performance of high voltage testing is explained. A fault sensing circuit along the arrangement has also been briefed. 
Acoustic Wireless Telemetry Reduces Uncertainty in Deepwater Drillstem Tests
Authors: Kool Henk , Zeller Vince
Published: July 2016

Technology Update

The drillstem test (DST) is one of the oldest methods used to test a formation’s capability to produce hydrocarbons. An early patent filed on drillstem testing in 1926 describes it as a method for “testing the productivity of formations encountered in drilling oil and other deep wells.” While frontiers such as deepwater drilling were far in the future, the industry was already seeking methods and equipment that were more efficient and economical than those in use then. Technology has continued to advance from mechanical openhole testing to modern annulus pressure controlled cased hole drillstem testing.

An impressive array of annulus pressure-operated downhole test tools is available and provides operators with versatility and flexibility in drillstem testing. Downhole tool technology has advanced to extreme limits, with tools capable of handling bottomhole conditions of 35,000 psi and 500°F.

Meanwhile, drilling technology has also progressed, with wells drilled to greater depths and in deeper water. Operating conditions pose new challenges to cost efficiency and annular pressure limitations.

The inherent complexity of deepwater DST operations implies that a significant number of downhole test tools require some form of annular pressure manipulation. Tubing string tester valves, primary and backup circulating valves, bottomhole sampler triggers, and primary and backup firing heads for tubing-conveyed perforating are some examples.

In deep water, the maximum allowable casing pressure has become the limiting factor in an increasing number of instances, and this reduces flexibility in designing the downhole test string.

Advances in acoustic wireless telemetry have led to a novel and reliable alternative approach to operating downhole test tools in drillstem testing and providing real-time feedback of tool status, bottomhole pressure and temperature, and bottomhole fluid sample conditions.

Wireless Telemetry

Although wireless telemetry for downhole applications in the oil industry has been used since the 1940s, it did not gain much traction until the 1990s. Different wireless technologies have been studied and tested. Mud pulse telemetry found little use in drillstem testing because of low bandwidth and operational limitations. Electromagnetic telemetry saw some early use but also had limited data transmission capabilities, and the method does not work in subsurface salt layers.
A Global Subsea-Hardware-Standardization Program Applied Offshore Brazil
Authors: Carpenter Chris
Published: July 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 25699, “The Contribution From an Operator’s Global Subsea-Hardware- Standardization Program to 10,000-psi Subsea Hardware in Parque das Conchas (BC-10),” by Thiago Palmeira Freire de Carvalho and Luiz Olijnik, Shell, and Alan Labes, FMC Technologies, prepared for the 2015 Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 4–7 May. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The Parque das Conchas field in the Campos basin offshore Brazil is a phased ultradeepwater heavyoil development tied to the Espírito Santos floating, production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) vessel, moored at a water depth of 1780 m (Fig. 1). This paper addresses the standardized features applied to the 10,000-psi-rated subsea-system components at BC-10.

Introduction

The BC-10 development is located 120 km offshore Brazil. Comprising several low-pressure reservoirs with medium- to high-viscosity oil, and in depths to 2000 m, the field’s development production was enabled by the use of subsea-boosting-and-separation caisson electrical submersible pumps (ESPs), each powered up to 1,500 hp through a high-voltage three-phase alternating-current transmission system, with pressure boosting of up to 2,300 psi from each pump. The development was divided into three distinct phases that tied five different reservoir structures to the host by use of subsea-tieback field architecture. The three phases are detailed in the complete paper.
Technology Focus: Health, Safety, Environment, and Social Responsibility (August 2015)
Authors: Garland Emmanuel
Published: July 2016

Technology Focus

If there is a discipline where current conceptual research and technology development expand simultaneously, involving highly interconnected people, it is health, safety, security, environment, and social responsibility (HSSE–SR, or HSE in brief). There are two reasons for that. The first one is the unique relationship between that discipline and society at large, which generates new challenges for or objections against the oil and gas industry every day. The second one is that the HSE discipline is rather young, compared with other exploration-and-production disciplines.

Ten years ago, the challenge was almost technical only. As we were pushing back the frontiers (e.g., high pressure/high temperature, Arctic, ultradeep water, extraheavy oil, shale gas), we were striving to improve our HSE performances by reducing our footprint and the number of accidents, with a view to demonstrate to the stakeholders that providing us license to operate was both safe and the right choice for society. The paradigm has now changed. Is that because of the Macondo disaster and the release of the Gasland documentary film 5 years ago? Partly, but not solely. Stakeholder expectations are significantly different, and we now need to convince them of the rightfulness of our industry. Alternative sources of energy emerge and, like any newcomer, look like promising brides even when there are voices warning society about their latent defects.

In the following pages, you will read of efforts made by the industry to develop tools to better understand the environment and the effects of the industry on it, to develop techniques to reduce or mitigate those effects, to find means to lower technical risks, and to ensure that every worker returns home safely every day. At the same time, there is an ongoing discussion on the best way to make progress, on how to influence the behavior of the workers, on how to maintain the competency of the workforce when experienced people retire, and on how to respond to the threats caused by new forms of violence. It is critical that our efforts continue, even in a time of depressed crude-oil prices. JPT
Proposed Standards for Peer‐Reviewed Publication of Computer Code
Authors: Timlin Dennis , David Olaf , Green Timothy R. , Fleisher David H. , Kim Soo‐Hyung , Ahuja Laj R.
Published: July 2016

The use of computers in agricultural research has expanded rapidly in recent years. Such code can be considered a scientific product that has applications in both research and education. Usage of this code can be expanded to a wide range of potential end users. We propose that the Agronomy Journal peer review and publish software code in the form of small, self‐contained modules. To do this, it is critical that the software used in agricultural research be well documented and written in a clear, easily understandable format. Our objective is to outline consistent standards that can be used to publish peer‐reviewed computer code. The goal of documenting source code is to inform the reader of the logic, meaning of variable names, and purpose of the various components of the code. Users who are not familiar with the code should be able to easily comprehend and use it. The documentation should include test data and a driver such that users can run the model and compare output to published results. Parameters and other input and output variables should be described in detail and documented so their source in the literature can be identified. Use of models by members of the scientific community and other end users can increase the impact of the developer's research and reduce costs of research devoted to modeling efforts. This article discusses necessary requirements to document and publish code that facilitates the reuse and modification of code.

Computer models are scientific products important for both reseach and education.

The computer code is subject to change and may be used by a wide variety of people.

Code for these models should be written in a clear, understandable format and be well documented.

Well documented and well written code will increase the scientific value of the code.
Effect of Micronutrients Soil Supplementation on Sugarcane in Different Production Environments: Cane Plant Cycle
Authors: Mellis Estêvão Vicari , Quaggio José Antonio , Becari Gustavo Ricardo Gonçalves , Teixeira Luiz Antonio Junqueira , Cantarella Heitor , Dias Fabio Luiz Ferreira
Published: July 2016

Fertilization of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) with micronutrients is not common and this can affect crop yield. Research results of micronutrients in sugarcane in Brazil are still scarce and inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to assess the sugarcane crop response to Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, and B fertilization in different sugarcane production environments in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. An experiment was conducted at 11 locations. The treatments consisted of the application of fixed micronutrient doses only to the planting furrow as follows: control, Zn (10 kg ha−1), Mn (10 kg ha−1), Cu (10 kg ha−1), B (3 kg ha−1), Mo (2 kg ha−1), and complete (Zn +Mn + Cu + B +Mo). The design consisted of a randomized block with five replicates. The leaf content, tillering, sugarcane yield, and total recoverable sugar were determined in cane plant. The responses varied with location, soil type, climate, and variety. Positive responses to micronutrients application were observed in all parameters studied with the exception of total recoverable sugar. The sugarcane yield increased significantly with the application of micronutrients in the following order of magnitude: Zn > Mo = Mn > Cu > B = Complete, with yield gain of 18, 12, 12, 10, 9, and 9 tonnes of cane per hectare (TCH), respectively. Sugarcane responded positively to micronutrient, especially Zn fertilization, demonstrating that this practice may be economically viable and increase the productivity of Brazilian sugarcane fields, making agribusiness sugarcane more sustainable.

Micronutrients can increase sugarcane yield.

Zinc is the principal micronutrient to sugarcane producer.

The application of high doses of micronutrients may increase the productivity of sugarcane Brazilians.