bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of low-dose versus high-dose hydrocortisone to treat hypotension in neonates: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sushko Katelyn , Al-Rawahi Nada , Watterberg Kristi , Van Den Anker John , Litalien Catherine , Lacroix Jacques , Razak Abdul , Samiee-Zafarghandy Samira
Published: December 2021

Background

Impaired adrenal function is a well-described entity in critically ill term and preterm neonates with systemic hypotension. The standard treatment for neonatal hypotension includes volume expanders and vasopressors. Recent evidence supports the use of glucocorticoids for the primary or rescue treatment of neonatal hypotension associated with impaired adrenal function. However, inconsistency regarding the prescribed dosing regimen to provide the best balance between efficacy and safety in this vulnerable population remains an area of concern.

Methods

We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate low-dosing compared with high-dosing regimens of hydrocortisone for the treatment of hypotension in critically ill term, preterm and very low birth weight neonates. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science will be searched from inception to November 2021. Study screening and selection will be completed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Our primary outcomes will be (1) an improvement in end-organ perfusion, defined as an increase in blood pressure along with an increase in urine output or a reduction in serum lactate and (2) mortality prior to discharge. Our secondary outcomes will be the development of (1) major neurosensory abnormality, (2) bronchopulmonary dysplasia and (3) the occurrence of adverse events.

Discussion

Hydrocortisone may be beneficial in the treatment of hypotension associated with impaired adrenal function among critically ill neonates. However, its optimal dosing to balance desired efficacy with the risk of adverse events is yet to be determined. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address this evidence gap, providing valuable knowledge for a large audience, including guideline developers, policy-makers and clinicians.

PROSPERO registration number

This protocol is submitted for registration to the international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews (PROSPERO, awaiting registration number).
Distinct exhaustion features of T lymphocytes shape the tumor-immune microenvironment with therapeutic implication in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Kim Chang Gon , Kim Gamin , Kim Kyung Hwan , Park Seyeon , Shin Sunhye , Yeo Dahee , Shim Hyo Sup , Yoon Hong In , Park Seong Yong , Ha Sang-Jun , Kim Hye Ryun
Published: December 2021

Background

Reinvigoration of T-cell exhaustion with antibodies has shown promising efficacy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the characteristics of T-cell exhaustion with regard to tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are poorly elucidated in NSCLC. Here, we investigated the exhaustion status of TILs in NSCLC patients at the intraindividual and interindividual levels.

Methods

We obtained paired peripheral blood, normal adjacent tissues, peritumoral tissues, and tumor tissues from 96 NSCLC patients. Features of T-cell exhaustion were analyzed by flow cytometry. T cells were categorized according to their programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression (PD-1high, PD-1int, and PD-1neg cells). Patients were classified based on the presence or absence of discrete PD-1high CD8+ TILs. Production of effector cytokines by CD8+ TILs was measured after T-cell stimulation with or without antibodies against immune checkpoint receptors.

Results

Progressive T-cell exhaustion with marked expression of exhaustion-related markers and diminished production of effector cytokines was observed in PD-1high CD8+ TILs compared with PD-1int and PD-1neg CD8+ TILs. Patients with distinct PD-1high CD8+ TILs (PD-1high expressers) exhibited characteristics associated with a favorable anti-PD-1 response compared with those without these lymphocytes (non-PD-1high expressers). Combined inhibition of dual immune checkpoint receptors further restored effector cytokine production by CD8+ TILs following T-cell stimulation. PD-1high CD8+ T lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood and tumors were significantly correlated.

Conclusions

T-cell exhaustion was differentially regulated among individual patients and was prominent in a subgroup of NSCLC patients who may benefit from PD-1 blockade or combined blockade of other immune checkpoint receptors.
Clinical outcomes following major trauma for patients with a diagnosis of depression: a large UK database analysis
Authors: Large Jamie , Naumann David N , Fellows Jodie , Connor Clare , Ahmed Zubair
Published: December 2021

Background

More than a quarter of the UK population are affected by depression during their lifetime. For major trauma patients, postinjury depression can result in poorer long-term outcomes, but there is limited evidence regarding outcomes for patients with pre-existing depression. This study investigated the relationship between a diagnosis of depression prior to hospital admission and clinical outcomes after major trauma.

Methods

Trauma patients at a UK major trauma center were identified during a 6.5-year period using the Trauma Audit and Research Network database. Patients with Injury Severity Score >15 who did not die in the emergency department (ED) were included. Logistic regression models were used to compare in-hospital mortality (excluding ED), requirement for surgery, and length of stay (LOS) between those with depression and those without.

Results

There were 4602 patients included in the study and 6.45% had a diagnosis of depression. Depression was associated with a significant reduction in mortality (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.91; p=0.026). However, patients with depression were more likely to have longer LOS (OR 124, 95% CI 8.5 to 1831; p<0.001) and intensive care unit LOS (OR 9.69, 95% CI 3.14 to 29.9; p<0.001). Patients with depression were also more likely to undergo surgery (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.75; p=0.016).

Discussion

A pre-existing diagnosis of depression has complex association with clinical outcomes after major trauma, with reduced mortality but longer LOS and higher likelihood of surgical intervention. Further prospective investigations are warranted to inform optimal management strategies for major trauma patients with pre-existing depression.

Level of evidence

III.
Fatigue life of a pressure vessel based on residual strength and crack size
Authors: Zhu Mengyu , Liu Xintian , Lai Jiafeng , Luo Jiao
Published: December 2021

The study of fracture failure is very important for analyzing the fatigue life of pressure vessels. According to the Paris Law, the relationship between fatigue-crack size and residual fatigue life is established by considering the circumferential stress and the relationship between crack length and the crack depth. Based on the specific structure of the pressure vessel, the relationship between fatigue-crack size and the residual strength was established according to the permissible residual strength. The curve for stress vs. number of cycles (S–N) of a pressure vessel was obtained. The fatigue life of the pressure vessel was predicted and compared with actual test data. The accuracy of the model was verified by comparing the actual service life with the model predictions, which confirmed that this model provides a new method for predicting the residual life of pressure vessels.
Implications for the hierarchy problem, inflation and geodesic motion from fiber fabric of spacetime
Authors: Nam Cao H.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we represent a resolution for the hierarchy problem where the inverse size of the extra dimension and the fundamental Planck scale would all be of the order of the TeV scale by proposing a fiber fabric of spacetime. The origin of the large hierarchy is essentially due to the $$\cosh $$
cosh
function which is physically originated from the dynamics of the horizontal metric in the vacuum of non-zero energy. In addition, the fiber fabric of spacetime allows us to resolve elegantly and naturally the problems of the chirality fermions and stabilizing potential for the size of the extra dimension, which are usually encountered in the higher dimensional theories. Then, we explore the inflation with the modulus of the extra dimension identified as the inflaton where our slow-roll inflationary model belongs to the E-model class with $$n=1$$

n
=
1

. We calculate the main inflationary observables which are consistent with the present experiments. Finally, we study how the geodesic motion of neutral test particles gets modified from the extension of spacetime. We compute the radius of the photon sphere, the innermost stable circular orbit, the perihelion shift, the light bending angle, and the observables of the strong gravitational lensing and the retrolensing phenomenon. By comparing the predicted values with the experimental observations, we determine the constraints on the fiber fabric of spacetime.
Power and Delay Efficient Haar Wavelet Transform for Image Processing Application
Authors: Kumar Gundugonti Kishore , Shaik Mahammad Firose , Kulkarni Vikram , Busi Rambabu
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a one-level decomposition Haar Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) architecture using a 4:2 compressor and carry propagate adder. In Haar DWT architecture, coefficient multiplication is an essential operation. The Haar coefficient multiplication [Formula: see text] is implemented with [Formula: see text] multiplier and the generated partial products are represented with sign power of two (SPT) terms. The addition of SPT terms is computed with a 4:2 compressor and the final sum is computed with CPA. A [Formula: see text] multiplier with 4:2 compressor technique is used to improve energy and delay. Compared to the previous architectures, the proposed architecture gives reduction in area, power, and delay. The proposed Haar wavelet architecture is implemented in gate-level Verilog HDL and synthesized with UMC 90-nm technology using Cadence RC compiler. When compared to the existing designs, the proposed architecture Haar DWT architecture synthesis results show reduction in latency of 32.32% and 31.46% of circuit area.
Efficient and Scalable Hardware Implementation of Montgomery Modular Multiplication
Authors: Issad M. , Anane M. , Boudraa B. , Bellemou A. M.
Published: December 2021

Modular multiplication (MM) is an important arithmetic operation in public key cryptography (PKC). In this paper, we present the FPGA implementation of the MM using Montgomery MM (MMM) algorithm. The execution performances of this operation depend on the radix-[Formula: see text] and the operands length. In fact, when increasing the radix-[Formula: see text], the MMM algorithm requires multiplications of digit by operand. On the other hand, when a long modulus is used, the hardware implementation of the MMM needs a large area. Our objective in this work is to realize a scalable architecture able to support any operands length. In order to achieve a best trade-off between computation throughput and hardware resources, our implementation approach is based on the execution of the basic arithmetic operations in serial way. In addition, efficient parallel and pipelined strategies are realized at low-level abstraction for the optimization of the execution time. The implementations results on Virtex-7 circuit show that a 1024-bit MMM runs in 2.09[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]s and consumes 581 slices.
The α-decay half-lives of heavy nuclei via the double folding model with the use of relativistic NN interactions
Authors: Yahya W. A. , Kimene Kaya B. D. C.
Published: December 2021

In this study, the half-lives of [Formula: see text]-decay from some heavy nuclei in the range [Formula: see text] have been studied using the WKB semi-classical approximation. The nuclear interaction potential between the [Formula: see text]-particle and the daughter nuclei is obtained within the double folding model. The [Formula: see text] interactions employed are those derived from relativistic mean field (RMF) theory, called as R3Y [Formula: see text] interactions. Six different R3Y [Formula: see text] interactions are considered in the study to determine the most appropriate R3Y parametrization for heavy nuclei. Some of the R3Y interactions (such as R3Y-HS, R3Y-L1, R3Y-Z, R3Y-W) contain only linear [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] mesons, while the others (such as R3Y-NL2, R3Y-NLSH) contain nonlinear terms, in addition to the linear terms. All the R3Y [Formula: see text] interactions used are found to be efficient in describing the [Formula: see text]-decay half-lives data. However, R3Y [Formula: see text] interactions containing nonlinear terms are found to perform better than those containing only linear terms of the mesons.
Geometric inequalities for anti-blocking bodies
Authors: Artstein-Avidan Shiri , Sadovsky Shay , Sanyal Raman
Published: December 2021

We study the class of (locally) anti-blocking bodies as well as some associated classes of convex bodies. For these bodies, we prove geometric inequalities regarding volumes and mixed volumes, including Godbersen’s conjecture, near-optimal bounds on Mahler volumes, Saint-Raymond-type inequalities on mixed volumes, and reverse Kleitman inequalities for mixed volumes. We apply our results to the combinatorics of posets and prove Sidorenko-type inequalities for linear extensions of pairs of [Formula: see text]-dimensional posets. The results rely on some elegant decompositions of differences of anti-blocking bodies, which turn out to hold for anti-blocking bodies with respect to general polyhedral cones.
On the reduction numbers and the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of projective monomial curves
Authors: Lam Tran Thi Gia
Published: December 2021

This paper gives explicit formulas for the reduction number and the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of projective monomial curves.
On the pronormality of subgroups of odd index in some direct products of finite groups
Authors: Maslova N. V. , Revin D. O.
Published: December 2021

A subgroup [Formula: see text] of a group [Formula: see text] is said to be pronormal in [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are conjugate in [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text]. Some problems in Finite Group Theory, Combinatorics and Permutation Group Theory were solved in terms of pronormality, therefore, the question of pronormality of a given subgroup in a given group is of interest. Subgroups of odd index in finite groups satisfy a native necessary condition of pronormality. In this paper, we continue investigations on pronormality of subgroups of odd index and consider the pronormality question for subgroups of odd index in some direct products of finite groups. In particular, in this paper, we prove that the subgroups of odd index are pronormal in the direct product [Formula: see text] of finite simple symplectic groups over fields of odd characteristics if and only if the subgroups of odd index are pronormal in each direct factor of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, deciding the pronormality of a given subgroup of odd index in the direct product of simple symplectic groups over fields of odd characteristics is reducible to deciding the pronormality of some subgroup [Formula: see text] of odd index in a subgroup of [Formula: see text], where each [Formula: see text] acts naturally on [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text] projects onto [Formula: see text]. Thus, in this paper, we obtain a criterion of pronormality of a subgroup [Formula: see text] of odd index in a subgroup of [Formula: see text], where each [Formula: see text] is a prime and each [Formula: see text] acts naturally on [Formula: see text], such that [Formula: see text] projects onto [Formula: see text].
Differential equations defined by (convergent) Laurent series
Authors: Lomadze Vakhtang
Published: December 2021

The class of ordinary linear constant coefficient differential equations is naturally embedded into a wider class by associating differential equations to (convergent) Laurent series. It is thought that these more general differential equations can be used as an alternative description of some special functions.
Improving the synthesis of hemin derivatives and their effect on bacterial biofilms
Authors: Blagodarov Sergey V. , Zheltukhina Galina A. , Romanova Yuliya M. , Alekseeva Natalia V. , Iskhakova Lyudmila D. , Semashko Maria I. , Tolordava Eteri R. , Nebolsin Vladimir E.
Published: December 2021

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has recently resulted in a large focus on designing new antimicrobial agents, including those based on natural compounds. We have previously synthesized two disubstituted arginine-containing derivatives of hemin (HD) (4) and (5) that demonstrated pronounced antimicrobial activity against planktonic cells in vitro [1, 2]. These HDs are leading and promising for the creation of antibacterial agents on their basis. This research is aimed at improving the synthesis of HDs (4) and (5) to increase their yield, simplify the process and minimize the side reactions, as well as to establish their antimicrobial and destructive effect on biofilms, including those consisting of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As a result, we were able to increase the yields of the protected dipeptide of ZArg(Z[Formula: see text]SerNH2 (3) and the corresponding HD (4) up to 97 and 93%, respectively, and also to minimize the side reaction of the formation of ornithine-containing HD. For the arginine amide modified HD (5), we have also proposed an improved synthesis scheme. The ability of HD to cause the bacteria death in the composition of formed biofilms, including those consisting of resistant bacteria, was shown. After the effect of HDs on the biofilm at concentrations of 80 and 100 [Formula: see text]g/ml, the CFU decrease was 3–5/ml. The fluorescent microscopy confirmed the bacteria mortality in the biofilm. Electron microscopy showed structural damage (fragmentation) of the formed bacterial biofilm under the effect of HDs.
LkeRec: Toward Lightweight End-to-End Joint Representation Learning for Building Accurate and Effective Recommendation
Authors: Yan Surong , Lin Kwei-Jay , Zheng Xiaolin , Wang Haosen
Published: December 2021

Explicit and implicit knowledge about users and items have been used to describe complex and heterogeneous side information for recommender systems (RSs). Many existing methods use knowledge graph embedding (KGE) to learn the representation of a user-item knowledge graph (KG) in low-dimensional space. In this article, we propose a lightweight end-to-end joint learning framework for fusing the tasks of KGE and RSs at the model level. Our method proposes a lightweight KG embedding method by using bidirectional bijection relation-type modeling to enable scalability for large graphs while using self-adaptive negative sampling to optimize negative sample generating. Our method further generates the integrated views for users and items based on relation-types to explicitly model users’ preferences and items’ features, respectively. Finally, we add virtual “recommendation” relations between the integrated views of users and items to model the preferences of users on items, seamlessly integrating RS with user-item KG over a unified graph. Experimental results on multiple datasets and benchmarks show that our method can achieve a better accuracy of recommendation compared with existing state-of-the-art methods. Complexity and runtime analysis suggests that our method can gain a lower time and space complexity than most of existing methods and improve scalability.
Modeling of Hierarchical Cathodes for Li-Air Batteries with Improved Discharge Capacity
Authors: Hayat Khizar , Vega Lourdes F. , AlHajaj Ahmed
Published: December 2021

The non-aqueous Li-air battery is considered to be a promising energy source for electric-vehicles owing to its ultrahigh theoretical energy density. However, its commercialization is limited by the attained lower energy density value, which is mainly due to pore blockage and passivation which requires a more strategic design of the cathode. In this work, we have developed and validated a detailed one-dimensional continuum model of Li-Air battery that helps in examining the potential of hierarchical cathodes in guiding and enhancing the efficiency of ions transport and discharge product formation inside microstructures. The obtained results reveal the importance of reducing the tortuosity (shorten the path of oxygen transport) and increasing porosity at the airside of the hierarchical cathode, which improved discharge capacity at approximately 20.9 and 56%, respectively. The improved capacity is due to enhanced effective oxygen transport, impregnation of electrolyte, alignment of pores, and formation of permeable and low crystalline aggregates of Li2O2. Hence, strategies considering these insights can help in the design and fabrication of non-aqueous Li-air batteries with enhanced energy density and capacity.
Design of a Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Kewei , Xie Yingying , Yang Zhenzhen , Kim Hong-Keun , Dzwiniel Trevor L. , Yang Jianzhong , Xiong Hui , Liao Chen
Published: December 2021

A sodium bis(fluoroallyl)malonato borate salt (NaBFMB) is synthesized. Using a Click thiol-ene reaction, NaBFMB can be photo-crosslinked with a tri-thiol (trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercapto propionate), TMPT) to create a single-ion conducting electrolyte (NaSIE), with all negative charges residing on the borate moieties and anions immobilized through the 3-D crosslinked network. The NaSIE can be prepared either as a free-standing film or through a drop-cast method followed by a photo crosslinking method for an in-situ formation on top of the electrodes. The free-standing film of NaSIE has a high ionic conductivity of 2 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C, and a high transference number (tNa
+) of 0.91 as measured through the Bruce-Vincent method. The electrochemical stability of NaSIE polymer electrolyte is demonstrated via cyclic voltammetry (CV) to be stable up to 5 V vs Na/Na+. When tested inside a symmetrical Na//Na cell, the NaSIE shows a critical current density (CCD) of 0.4 mA cm−2. The stability of NaSIE is further demonstrated via a long cycling of the stripping/plating test with a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 at five-minute intervals for over 10,000 min. Using the in-situ method, NaSIE is used as the electrolyte for a sodium metal battery using P2 (Na resides at prismatic sites with with ABBAAB stacking)-cathode of Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NNMO) and is cycled between the cut-off voltages of 2.0–4.0 V. A high initial specific capacity (85.7 mAh g−1) with a capacity retention of 86.79% after 150 cycles is obtained.
Prognostic Factors of IIIAN2 Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer after Complete Resection: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Youyu , Wan Yanhui , Qian Youhui
Published: December 2021

Objective and Background. We designed this systemic review meta-analysis of all the reported scientific literature to conclude the prognostic factors of IIIAN2 non-small-cell lung cancer after complete surgical resection. Management of NSCLC IIIAN2 involved different strategies, such as complete resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, and induction therapy. Each management strategy has its associated prognostic factor to monitor for better patient prognosis, recovery, survival rate, and minimize the chances of recurrence. Methods. An extensive data search was conducted from all leading databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane. Fifteen studies were selected according to the PRISMA model of data selected to conduct this systemic review meta-analysis. Results. Total 4444 patients were evaluated among fifteen selected studies. A number of lymph nodes involved (

n
=
3965

), level of lymph nodes (

n
=
3422

), and complete tumor resection (

n
=
3255

) were the most reported prognostic factors. Conclusion. This study exhibits the overall significance of all prognostic factors of NSCLC IIIAN2 pathology for better patient management. However, other management strategies also play a significant contribution to achieving a better survival rate and less recurrence possibility.
Descriptive Analysis of Typhoid Fever Surveillance Data in the Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia (2015–2019)
Authors: Atikilt Yemata Getaneh , Yenew Chalachew , Mamuye Melkalem , Tiruneh Mulu , Assfaw Tigabnesh , Mulatu Sileshi , Sisay Ermias , Tadele Fitalew
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Typhoid fever is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe, and it is a serious illness in developing countries. Typhoid fever is prevalent in Ethiopia, and the burden differs with diverse demography, environment, and climate. The study aimed to determine the incidence of typhoid fever cases by person, place, and time. Method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the five years (2015–2019) of surveillance data of typhoid fever in the Jimma Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The data were extracted from the zonal health management information system database from May to June 2020. SPSS version 21 was used to enter and analyze the data. Descriptive analysis was used to assess the distribution of typhoid fever incidence in time, place, and personal groups. Result. A total of 36,641 individuals suffered from typhoid fever during the five years. Among these, 18,972 (51.8%) were females and 17,669 (48.2%) were males. Incidence of typhoid fever was found as follows: 216, 198, 203, 264, and 299 cases per 100,000 persons were reported during 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Typhoid fever cases were increased by 1.4 from 2015–2019. A high incidence of cases was observed at the start of wet months. The majority of the investigated cases were identified in Kersa, 4,476 (12.2%), Gomma, 4,075 (11.1%), and Mana, 3,267 (8.9%), woredas. Of the total, 151 (0.4%) of the reported cases were admitted for inpatient care. During the five years of surveillance data, death was not reported from all woredas. Conclusion and Recommendation. Typhoid fever was a major public health problem in the Jimma Zone for the last 5 years, and it was increased through the years. Zonal health departments should strengthen the interventions focused on the woredas that had a high burden of typhoid fever at the start of the wet months.
Density, pH, and Boron Species in the Ternary System NaBO2–Na2SO4–H2O at 298.15 K and 323.15 K
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Sun Shuaiqi , Meng Lingzong , Ying Rongjian , Guo Yafei , Deng Tianlong
Published: December 2021

The densities and pH values in the system NaBO2–Na2SO4–H2O at 298.15 K and 323.15 K were investigated. Combining the equilibrium constants for different boron species, the distributions of six boron species in the mixed solution were calculated with total boron concentration and pH values. The molar fractions of the six boron species are mainly affected by the total boron concentration and temperature, but rarely affected by the concentration of SO42–. The dominant boron species in the mixed solution at the two temperatures is B(OH)4‒. The mole fraction of B(OH)3, B5O6(OH)4‒, and B3O3(OH)4‒ can be neglected. The polyborate ions are easier to form as the temperature increases. The results of distribution for boron species in this study and those with the Pitzer model can both be used to describe the distribution of boron species in the mixed solution.
Design and Implementation of Hospital Automatic Nursing Management Information System Based on Computer Information Technology
Authors: Li Lai , Liang Rong , Zhou Yumei
Published: December 2021

Clinical nursing work fails to integrate various nursing tasks such as basic care, observation of patients’ conditions, medication, treatment, communication, and health guidance to provide continuous and full nursing care for patients. Based on this, this paper uses the Internet of Things (IoT) technology to optimize the infusion process and achieve closed-loop management of medications and improve the efficiency and safety of infusion and medication administration by using a rational and effective outpatient and emergency infusion and medication management system. The system was built by applying wireless network, barcode technology, RFID, infrared tube sensing, and other technologies and was combined with actual nursing work to summarize application techniques and precautions. The application of this system will become a new highlight of medical informatization, improve patient experience, monitor infusion safety, enhance nursing care, reduce emergency medical disputes, improve patient satisfaction, and will create good social and economic benefits for the hospital.
Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Hybrid Composites (Al-Si12/B4C/Fly Ash)
Authors: Prakash J. Udaya , Sivaprakasam P. , Garip Ilhan , Juliyana S. Jebarose , Elias G. , Kalusuraman G. , Colak Ilhami
Published: December 2021

The present study looks into the effect of WEDM process parameters on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR) responses when machining hybrid composites (Al-Si12/boron carbide/fly ash) using the Taguchi technique. Fly ash and boron carbide (B4C) particles were used for reinforcement (3%, 6%, and 9% by weight), and aluminium alloy (Al-Si12) was used as a matrix material. ANOVA was used to find out the importance of machining factors that affect the quality features of the WEDM process, as well as the relative role of input parameters in determining the WEDM process’ responses. The greatest impact on the response is finalised by the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio response analysis. However, as a last step, a confirmation experiment with the best combination was carried out to predict and validate the accuracy of the observed values. As the pulse on time and reinforcement increases, MRR also increases. As the gap voltage, wire feed, and pulse off time decrease, it increases. SR is increased by increasing the gap voltage, pulse on time, and pulse off time, wire feed, and reinforcement. The maximum MRR of 38.01 mm3/min and the minimum SR of 3.24 μm were obtained using optimal machining conditions.
Dental Images’ Segmentation Using Threshold Connected Component Analysis
Authors: Majanga Vincent , Viriri Serestina
Published: December 2021

Recent advances in medical imaging analysis, especially the use of deep learning, are helping to identify, detect, classify, and quantify patterns in radiographs. At the center of these advances is the ability to explore hierarchical feature representations learned from data. Deep learning is invaluably becoming the most sought out technique, leading to enhanced performance in analysis of medical applications and systems. Deep learning techniques have achieved great performance results in dental image segmentation. Segmentation of dental radiographs is a crucial step that helps the dentist to diagnose dental caries. The performance of these deep networks is however restrained by various challenging features of dental carious lesions. Segmentation of dental images becomes difficult due to a vast variety in topologies, intricacies of medical structures, and poor image qualities caused by conditions such as low contrast, noise, irregular, and fuzzy edges borders, which result in unsuccessful segmentation. The dental segmentation method used is based on thresholding and connected component analysis. Images are preprocessed using the Gaussian blur filter to remove noise and corrupted pixels. Images are then enhanced using erosion and dilation morphology operations. Finally, segmentation is done through thresholding, and connected components are identified to extract the Region of Interest (ROI) of the teeth. The method was evaluated on an augmented dataset of 11,114 dental images. It was trained with 10 090 training set images and tested on 1024 testing set images. The proposed method gave results of 93% for both precision and recall values, respectively.
UiO-66 Selective Enrichment Integrated with Thermal Desorption GC-MS for Detection of Benzene Homologues in Ambient Air
Authors: Lin Xing-Tao , Sun Ge , Zhao Jing-Qiang , Tang Ling-Li , Li Sheng-Hua , Xie Ya-Bo
Published: December 2021

In this study, UiO-66 was selected as sorbent media packed in the tube to selectively enrich trace levels of benzene homologues such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) in ambient air prior to thermal desorption (TD)-GC-MS determination. A series of experiments were conducted to obtain the optimal TD conditions. The results indicated that the optimal TD parameters were as follows: desorption temperature of 180°C, desorption flow rate of 50 mL min−1, and desorption time of 30 min. Furthermore, the method based on UiO-66 enrichment integrated with TD-GC-MS for trace levels of BTX was successfully developed. It exhibited a good linearity (R2 > 0.99) in the range of 50–1000 ng, except for p, m-xylene in the range of 100–2000 ng, and achieved the recovery of 69.4–101.3%, and the relative standard deviation of 3.8–6.4%. The detection limits of BTX were 1.6–4.0 ng; according to 10 L of sampling volume, the method detection limits would be in the range of 0.16–0.40 µg m−3. Additionally, the method was successfully applied to determine BTX in indoor air and showed good selectivity and sensitivity. In summary, the findings in this work revealed that UiO-66 was an attractive adsorbent for selective enrichment trace levels of BTX compounds in ambient air, which was favorable for the subsequent detection by TD-GC-MS.
Influence of Humidity State on Dynamic Resilient Modulus of Subgrade Soils: Considering Repeated Wetting‐Drying Cycles
Authors: Xin Gongfeng , Zhang Anshun , Wang Zijian , Shen Quanjun , Mu Minghao
Published: December 2021

The service performance of subgrade depends on the dynamic resilient modulus (MR) of subgrade soils. Meanwhile, due to complicated conditions such as rainfall infiltration, high temperature evaporation, and groundwater level fluctuations, it can be safely said that the humidity state and repeated wetting‐drying (WD) cycles affect the MR of subgrade soils. The object of this study is to conduct a series of dynamic triaxial tests after WD cycles to investigate the characteristics of the MR under various factors. The main results are as follows: (i) the MR decreased with the increase of deviator stress and rose with the growth of confining pressure; (ii) the humidification effect caused by the increase in moisture content attenuated the MR; (iii) the accumulation of WD cycles damaged the MR; however the decline rate was gradually retarded until it was stable with WD cycles 5 times; (iv) the satisfactory prediction model for the MR of subgrade soils considering WD cycles was proposed and verified. It is expected that the findings can provide valuable contributions for road engineering.
Sandy Soil Liquefaction Prediction Based on Clustering‐Binary Tree Neural Network Algorithm Model
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Jiachen
Published: December 2021

The neural network algorithm is a small sample machine learning method built on the statistical learning theory and the lowest structural risk principle. Classical neural network algorithms mainly aim at solving two‐classification problems, making it infeasible for multiclassification problems encountered in engineering practice. According to the main factors affecting sand liquefaction, a sand liquefaction discriminant model based on a clustering‐binary tree multiclass neural network algorithm is established using the class distance idea in cluster analysis. The model can establish the nonlinear relationship between sand liquefaction and various influencing factors by learning limited samples. The research results show that the hierarchical structure based on the clustering‐binary tree neural network algorithm is reasonable, and the sand liquefaction level can be categorized accurately.
Data Mining-Based Clinical Study on the Effect of Oral Restoration Film in Guiding Oral Bone Regeneration and Dental Implantation
Authors: Lin Qingjie , Zhang Yong , Liu Yanguo
Published: December 2021

Oral repair membrane guided oral bone regeneration, particularly in dental implants, is a guided regeneration technology for bone tissue. The principle is based on the characteristics of rapid migration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts and slower migration of osteoblasts. Materials are placed in the bone defect, creating a relatively closed environment which is conducive to the growth of bone tissue. In this paper, we have evaluated clinical effects of Hai’ao oral repair membrane as a barrier membrane to guide bone regeneration in implants. For this purpose, certain treatment data are collected through data mining and patient’s names with bone defects in the implantation area are selected. According to the randomness principles, these patients are divided into experimental and control groups and preoperative examinations along with basic periodontal treatments are performed on the selected cases. Furthermore, we have analyzed different effects by comparing treatment conditions. Experimental results, as a technical shielding film, verify that Hai’ao oral repair membrane meets requirements of safety and no immune rejection. It plays a role in promoting bone formation around the implant. Mid-to-long-term follow-up is satisfactory with no related complications. At the same time, it has the advantages of simple operation, reduced patient suffering, convenient transportation and storage, and longer validity period. Compared with the control group in terms of safety evaluation of postoperative vital signs, laboratory examinations, and incision healing, Hai’ao oral repair membrane has no significant difference. Postoperative osteogenesis effect is equivalent to that of the control group and meets requirements of superiority. Hai’ao oral repair membrane is used as a shielding membrane material in implant surgery technology to guide bone regeneration.
Mean Residual Lifetime Frailty Models: A Weighted Perspective
Authors: Alshehri Mashael A. , Kayid Mohamed
Published: December 2021

The mean residual life frailty model and a subsequent weighted multiplicative mean residual life model that requires weighted multiplicative mean residual lives are considered. The expression and the shape of a mean residual life for some semiparametric models and also for a multiplicative degradation model are given in separate examples. The frailty model represents the lifetime of the population in which the random parameter combines the effects of the subpopulations. We show that for some regular dependencies of the population lifetime on the random parameter, some aging properties of the subpopulations’ lifetimes are preserved for the population lifetime. We indicate that the weighted multiplicative mean residual life model generates positive dependencies of this type. The copula function associated with the model is also derived. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain aging properties of population lifetimes in the model are determined. Preservation of stochastic orders of two random parameters for the resulting population lifetimes in the model is acquired.
Real-Time Analysis of Athletes’ Physical Condition in Training Based on Video Monitoring Technology of Optical Flow Equation
Authors: Wang Cuijuan
Published: December 2021

This article is dedicated to the research of video motion segmentation algorithms based on optical flow equations. First, some mainstream segmentation algorithms are studied, and on this basis, a segmentation algorithm for spectral clustering analysis of athletes’ physical condition in training is proposed. After that, through the analysis of the existing methods, compared with some algorithms that only process a single frame in the video, this article analyzes the continuous multiple frames in the video and extracts the continuous multiple frames of the sampling points through the Lucas-Kanade optical flow method. We densely sampled feature points contain as much motion information as possible in the video and then express this motion information through trajectory description and finally achieve segmentation of moving targets through clustering of motion trajectories. At the same time, the basic concepts of image segmentation and video motion target segmentation are described, and the division standards of different video motion segmentation algorithms and their respective advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The experiment determines the initial template by comparing the gray-scale variance of the image, uses the characteristic optical flow to estimate the search area of the initial template in the next frame, reduces the matching time, judges the template similarity according to the Hausdorff distance, and uses the adaptive weighted template update method for the templates with large deviations. The simulation results show that the algorithm can achieve long-term stable tracking of moving targets in the mine, and it can also achieve continuous tracking of partially occluded moving targets.
A Novel Approach for Malicious URL Detection Based on the Joint Model
Authors: Yuan JianTing , Liu YiPeng , Yu Long
Published: December 2021

The number of malicious websites is increasing yearly, and many companies and individuals worldwide have suffered losses. Therefore, the detection of malicious websites is a task that needs continuous development. In this study, a joint neural network algorithm model combining the attention mechanism, bidirectional independent recurrent neural network (Bi-IndRNN), and capsule network (CapsNet) is proposed. The word vector tool word2vec trains the character- and word-level uniform resource locator (URL) static embedding vector features. At the same time, the algorithm will also extract texture fingerprint features that can compare the content differences of different malicious web URL binary files. Then, the extracted features are fused and input into the joint neural network algorithm model. First, the multihead attention mechanism is used to extract contextual semantic features by adjusting weights and Bi-IndRNN. Second, CapsNet with dynamic routing is used to extract deep semantic information. Finally, the sigmoid classifier is used for classification. This study uses different methods from different angles to extract more comprehensive features. From the experimental results, the method proposed in this study improves the classification accuracy of malicious web page detection compared with other researchers.
Study on the Influence of Initiation Model on the Forming Characteristics of MEFP Warhead
Authors: Ma Guangsong , He Guanglin , Qiao Zenghui , Zhang Yulong
Published: December 2021

To study the influence of different initiation modes on the forming characteristics of the MEFP warhead, numerical simulations were carried out on three types of initiation modes. The numerical simulation results showed that the number of EFPs was the least by double‐column multipoint synchronous initiation, the number of EFPs was the largest by the central single‐point (multipoint) initiation, and single‐column single‐point (multipoint synchronous) detonation forms the number of EFPs between central single‐point (multipoint synchronous) detonation and double‐column multipoint synchronous detonation. For the MEFP warhead of a small‐caliber grenade, whether it is center detonation or eccentric detonation, the EFP velocity of multipoint detonation is higher than that of the single‐point detonation, the velocity of double‐column multipoint eccentric synchronous detonation is 2%–9% higher than that of the single‐column single‐point (multipoint eccentric synchronous) detonation, the velocity of double‐column multipoint eccentric synchronous detonation is 10%–17% higher than that of the central single‐point (multipoint synchronous) detonation, and the velocity of single‐column single‐point (multipoint eccentric synchronous) detonation is 5%–17% higher than that of the central single‐point (multipoint synchronous) detonation. Research results show that although the number of EFPs is reduced during eccentric single‐point (multipoint simultaneous) detonation of MEFP warheads, a higher velocity can be obtained.
Cross‐Modal Travel Route Recommendation Algorithm Based on Internet of Things Awareness
Authors: Zhang Yuran , Tang Ziyan
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the Internet of Things has developed rapidly in people’s lives. This brand‐new technology is flooding people’s lives and widely used in many fields, such as medical field, science and technology field, and industry and agriculture field. As a modern technology, the Internet of Things has many characteristics of low power consumption and multifunction, and it also has the characteristics of data‐aware computing. This is the characteristic of this new product. In people’s daily life, the Internet of Things is also closely related to people’s daily life. In the tourism industry, the Internet of Things can make the best use of everything and give full play to its various advantages as much as possible. The Internet of Things can perceive cross‐modal tourism routes. So here, this paper summarizes various algorithms recommended by the Internet of Things for this tourist route and works out the experimental data methods of these algorithms for cross‐modal tourism route recommendation. The proposed algorithm is verified by data simulation, compared with related algorithms. We analyze and summarize the simulation results. At present, there is no comparative analysis of the performance of ant colony algorithm, genetic algorithm, and its optimization algorithm in tourism route recommendation. On the basis of crawling the tourism data in the Internet, this paper applies ant colony algorithm, genetic algorithm, max–min optimization ant colony algorithm, and hybrid ant colony algorithm based on greedy solution to tourism route recommendation and evaluates and compares the algorithms from three aspects: average evaluation score, optimal evaluation score, and algorithm time. Experimental results show that the max–min optimization ant colony algorithm and the hybrid ant colony algorithm based on greedy solution can be effectively applied to automated tourist route recommendation.
Tensor Transfer Learning for Intelligence Fault Diagnosis of Bearing with Semisupervised Partial Label Learning
Authors: Hu Chaofan , Zhou Zhichao , Wang Biao , Zheng WeiGuang , He Shuilong
Published: December 2021

A new tensor transfer approach is proposed for rotating machinery intelligent fault diagnosis with semisupervised partial label learning in this paper. Firstly, the vibration signals are constructed as a three‐way tensor via trial, condition, and channel. Secondly, for adapting the source and target domains tensor representations directly, without vectorization, the domain adaptation (DA) approach named tensor‐aligned invariant subspace learning (TAISL) is first proposed for tensor representation when testing and training data are drawn from different distribution. Then, semisupervised partial label learning (SSPLL) is first introduced for tackling a problem that it is hard to label a large number of instances and there exists much data left to be unlabeled. Ultimately, the proposed method is used to identify faults. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method has been thoroughly validated by transfer fault experiments. The experimental results show that the presented technique can achieve better performance.