bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesenteric fat necrosis after recent surgery causing bowel obstruction
Authors: Green BR , Reddy A , Jha M
Published: February 2012

Mesenteric fat necrosis causing bowel obstruction is a rare occurrence with only one case reported in humans. It is due to accidental or surgical trauma to the adipose tissue with extracellular liberation of fat or enzymatic lysis of fat due to the release of lipases resulting in fibrosis. Preoperative imaging may often be misleading and fail to identify fat necrosis as the cause of bowel obstruction. As surgical intervention is the only suitable treatment option in cases of failed conservative treatment, the diagnosis is made postoperatively. There is no published advice on the management of mesenteric fat necrosis. We recommend safe operating techniques to minimize the risk of developing fat necrosis and its potential harmful consequences.
Anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein polyneuropathy coexistent with CREST syndrome
Authors: Andreadou E , Zouvelou V , Karandreas N , Kilidireas C
Published: February 2012

Clinical involvement of the peripheral nervous system in the calcinosis cutis, raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dismotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia (CREST) variant of systemic sclerosis occurs infrequently and is characterized by axonal degeneration due to necrotizing vasculitis. We report a female patient with a known history of CREST syndrome, which developed a slowly progressive, distal symmetric demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy (PN), with tremor and ataxia as prominent features, compatible with anti-myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) PN. The diagnosis of PN was established by the presence of monoclonal immunoglobulin M anti-MAG antibodies (Thin-Layer Chromatography, Western Blot and enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay). Given the evidence that in CREST activation of T-helper cells is observed and that anti-MAG antibodies, despite the fact that they are T-cell-independent, may be influenced by an increase in T-helper function, the coexistence of these two rare autoimmune disorders in the same patient may not be incidental but related to the underlying immunological mechanisms involved.
National list of essential medicines of India
Authors: Manikandan S , Gitanjali B
Published: February 2012

Essential medicines lists have been shown to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of health care delivery when combined with proper procurement policies and good prescribing practices. The Ministry of Health, Government of India revised the National List of Essential Medicines of India (NLEMI 2011) in June 2011, eight years after the last revision. The NLEMI 2011 contains 348 medicines and was prepared over one and a half years by 87 experts. Though there are some positive aspects to the list such as the documentation of a detailed description of the revision process, inclusion of many experts from various fields in the review committee, well written description of the essential medicines concept and others, a critical review of the list reveals areas of major and minor concerns. Improper medicine selection like the inclusion of a nearly obsolete medicine such as ether, an anesthetic agent; non-inclusion of pediatric formulations; spelling errors; and errors in the strengths of formulations diminishes the significance of the NLEMI 2011. In its present form, the NLEMI 2011 did not align with the Indian Pharmacopoeia, and the National Health Programs as well as the National Formulary of India 2010. Formatting errors, non-inclusion of an index page, syntax and spelling errors may also undermine the usefulness of the NLEMI 2011 as a reference material. An urgent revision of the NLEMI 2011 is suggested so as to avert misinforming the wider international and local readers.
Dedicated Cone-beam Breast Computed Tomography and Diagnostic Mammography: Comparison of Radiation Dose, Patient Comfort, And Qualitative Review of Imaging Findings in BI-RADS 4 and 5 Lesions
Authors: O’Connell Avice M. , Kawakyu-O’Connor Daniel
Published: February 2012

Objective:

This pilot study was undertaken to compare radiation dose, relative visibility/conspicuity of biopsy-proven lesions, and relative patient comfort in diagnostic mammography and dedicated cone-beam breast computed tomography (CBBCT) in Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS)®4 or 5 lesions.

Materials and Methods:

Thirty-six consecutive patients (37 breasts) with abnormal mammographic and/or ultrasound categorized as BI-RADS®4 or 5 lesions were evaluated with CBBCT prior to biopsy. Administered radiation dose was calculated for each modality. Mammograms and CBBCT images were compared side-by-side and lesion visibility/conspicuity was qualitatively scored. Histopathology of lesions was reviewed. Patients were administered a survey for qualitative evaluation of comfort between the two modalities.

Results:

CBBCT dose was similar to or less than diagnostic mammography, with a mean dose of 9.4 mGy (±3.1 SD) for CBBCT vs. 16.9 mGy (±6.9 SD) for diagnostic mammography in a total of 37 imaged breasts (P<0.001). Thirty-three of 34 mammographic lesions were scored as equally or better visualized in CBBCT relative to diagnostic mammography. Characterization of high-risk lesions was excellent. Patients reported greater comfort in CBBCT imaging relative to mammography.

Conclusion:

Our experience of side-by-side comparison of CBBCT and diagnostic mammography in BI-RADS®4 and 5 breast lesions demonstrated a high degree of correlation between the two modalities across a variety of lesion types. Owing to favorable radiation dose profile, excellent visualization of lesions, and qualitative benefits including improved patient comfort, excellent field-of-view, and more anatomical evaluation of lesion margins, CBBCT offers a promising modality for diagnostic evaluation of breast lesions.
Aggressive Form of Cherubism
Authors: Reddy GV. , Reddy G. Siva Prasad , Reddy NVS. Sekhar , Badam Raj Kumar
Published: February 2012

Cherubism is a rare non-neoplastic hereditary disease related to genetic mutations characterized by symmetrically swollen cheeks, particularly over the angles of the mandible, and an upward turning of the eyes. The affected mandible and maxilla begin to swell in early childhood, and gradually increase until the age of puberty. Apparently, surgical intervention is unnecessary unless significant functional, esthetic, or emotional disturbances develop. In the present paper, we report a case of cherubism, with classic features that was classified as grade 3, managed with surgery and followed up for 2-years after treatment.
ZINC OXIDE VERSUS MAGNESIUM OXIDE REVISITED. PART 1
Authors: Guzmán Manuel , Vega Berta , Agulló Núria , Giese Ulrich , Borrós Salvador
Published: February 2012

Zinc oxide is a widely used compound in the rubber industry due to the excellent properties that it shows as activator, and consequently, its role in the mechanism of accelerated sulfur vulcanization has been extensively studied. Due to the increased concern about its environmental effects, several research studies have been carried out in order to substitute it with different metal oxides such us MgO. The effect of the activator system in order to minimize the environmental impact of the rubber goods has been explored. The work developed is presented in two parts. In Part 1, the influence of different mixtures of ZnO and MgO on the vulcanization of natural rubber has been investigated. In Part 2, model compound vulcanization has been used to study the role of MgO on the mechanism to gain a better understanding of the differences shown in Part 1.
α‐Arylation of Esters Catalyzed by thePd(I) Dimer [P(t‐Bu)3Pd(μ‐Br)]2
Authors: Huang David S. , DeLuca Ryan J. , Hartwig John. F.
Published: February 2012

Dicyclohexylamine

n‐Butyllithium

Methyl isobutyrate

3‐Bromoanisole

Di‐μ ‐bromobis(tri‐tert‐butylphosphine)dipalladium

Methyl 2‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐methylpropanoate
The Preparation of Amides by Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Coupling of Aldehydes and Amine Hydrochloride Salts
Authors: Giguère‐Bisson Maxime , Yoo Woo‐Jin , Li. Chao‐Jun
Published: February 2012

L‐Valine methyl ester hydrochloride

Silver iodate

Calcium carbonate

tert
‐Butyl hydroperoxide

Benzaldehyde

(
S
)‐Methyl‐2‐benzamido‐3‐methylbutanoate
The Preparation of Indazoles Via Metal Free IntramolecularElectrophilic Amination of 2‐Aminophenyl Ketoximes
Authors: M. Counceller Carla , C. Eichman Chad , C. Wray Brenda , R. Welin Eric , P. Stambuli James
Published: February 2012

2’‐Aminoacetophenone

Hydroxylamine hydrochloride

Triethylamine

Methanesulfonyl chloride

3‐Methyl‐1
H
‐indazole

(
E
)‐1‐(2‐Aminophenyl)ethanone oxime
Synthesis of
Et
2
SBr
•
Sb
CI
5
Br
and Its Use in Biomimetic Brominative Polyene Cyclizations
Authors: Snyder Scott A , Treitler Daniel S
Published: February 2012

Bromine

Diethyl sulfide

Bromodiethylsulfonium Bromopentachloroantimonate

Antimony pentachloride

Geraniol

Diethyl chlorophosphate

Homogeranylbenzene

Benzylmagnesium chloride

Phenanthrene
Synthesis of (+)‐
B
‐Allyldiisopinocampheylborane and its Reaction with Aldehydes
Authors: Sun Huikai , Roush William R
Published: February 2012

(+)‐B‐Allyldiisopinocampheylborane ((+)‐(Ipc)2B(allyl) or (
l
Ipc)2B(allyl))

(+)‐B‐Methoxydiisopinocampheylborane ((+)‐(Ipc)
2
BOMe)

Allylmagnesium bromide

(
R
)‐3‐(
t
‐Butyldiphenylsilyloxy)‐2‐methylpropanal

Hydrogen peroxide

(1
R
,2
R
,3
R
,5
S
)‐2,6,6‐Trimethylbicyclo[ 3.1.1 ]heptan‐3‐ol

(2
R
,3
R
)‐1‐(
t
‐Butyldiphenylsilyloxy)‐2‐methylhex‐5‐en‐3‐ol

(2
R
,3
S
)‐1‐(
t
‐Butyldiphenylsilyloxy)‐2‐methylhex‐5‐en‐3‐ol

(2
R
,3
R
)‐1‐(
t
‐Butyldiphenylsilyloxy)‐2‐methyl‐5‐methyleneoct‐7‐en‐3‐ol

(1
S
,2
S
,3
S
,5
R
)‐3‐hydroperoxy‐2,6,6‐trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane
The Preparation of Cyclohept‐4‐Enones by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular[5+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Wender Paul A. , Lesser Adam B. , Sirois Lauren E.
Published: February 2012

Chlorodicarbonylrhodium dimer

N
‐Propargylphthalimide

1,2‐Dichloroethane

1‐(2‐Methoxyethoxy)‐1‐vinylcyclopropane
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Bicyclic β‐Lactones Via Nucleophile‐Catalyzed Aldol‐Lactonization (NCAL)
Authors: Nguyen Henry , Oh Seongho , Henry‐Riyad Huda , Sepulveda Diana , Romo Daniel
Published: February 2012

(1,4‐Dioxaspiro[4.5]dec‐7‐en‐8‐yloxy)trimethylsilane

1,4‐Cyclohexanedione mono‐ethylene ketal

Trimethylsilyl chloride

Triethylamine

3‐(2‐(2‐Oxoethyl)‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐yl) propanoic acid 360794‐17‐8

Triphenylphosphine

N‐Methyl‐2‐chloropyridinium trifluoromethane sulfonate Pyridinium, 2‐

chloro‐1‐methyl‐, 1,1,1‐trifluoromethanesulfonate (1:1)

2‐Chloropyridine

Methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate

Quinidine

Diisopropylethylamine
Preparation of Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons Reagent: Methyl 2‐Benzyloxycarbonylamino‐2‐(Dimethoxy‐ Phosphinyl)Acetate
Authors: Azuma Hiroki , Okano Kentaro , Fukuyama Tohru , Tokuyama Hidetoshi
Published: February 2012

Benzyl carbamate

Glyoxylic acid monohydrate

Sulfuric acid

Phosphorous trichloride

Trimethylphosphite
Preparation of
A
Trifluoromethyl Transfer Agent: 1‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,3‐Dihydro‐3,3‐Dimethyl‐1,2‐Benziodoxole
Authors: Eisenberger Patrick , Kieltsch Iris , Koller Raffael , Stanek Kyrill , Stanek Kyrill , Togni Antonio
Published: February 2012

2‐(2‐Iodophenyl)propan‐2‐ol

1‐Chloro‐1,3‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benziodoxole

1‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benziodoxole

Iodomethane

Methyl 2‐iodobenzoate

Tert
‐butyl hypochlorite

(Trifluoromethyl)trimethylsilane

Tetrabutylammonium difluorotriphenylsilicate(IV)

2‐Iodobenzoic acid

Sodium (meta)periodate

1‐Hydroxy‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3‐(1
H
)‐one

Acetic anhydride

1‐Acetoxy‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3‐(1
H
)‐one

Cesium fluoride

1‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐1,2‐benziodoxol‐3(1
H
)‐one

Ethyl (
R
)‐2‐amino‐3‐mercaptopropanoate hydrochloride
Discussion addendum for: 4‐Methoxy‐4‐Nitrophenyl. Recent Advances in the Stille Biaryl Coupling Reaction and Applications in Complex Natural Products Synthesis
Authors: Williams Robert M.
Published: February 2012

4‐methoxy‐4’‐nitrophenyl

tri‐t‐butyl phosphine

copper(I) salts

chloropeptin

himastatin
Discussion Addendum for: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reaction of 1‐Alkenylboronates with Vinylic Halides: (1Z,3E)‐1‐Phenyl‐1,3‐Octadiene
Authors: Miyaura Norio
Published: February 2012

Disiamylborane

dicyclohexylborane

9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

catecholborane

dihaloborane

(1Z,3E)‐1‐phenyl‐1,3‐octadiene
Discussion Addendum for: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Reaction of 9‐Alkyl‐9‐Borabicyclo[3.3.1]Nonane with 1‐Bromo‐1‐Phenylthioethene: 4‐(3‐Cyclohexenyl)‐2‐Phenylthio‐1‐Butene
Authors: Miyaura Norio
Published: February 2012

9‐alkyl‐9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

1‐bromo‐1‐phenylthioethene

sodium methoxide

methylboroxine

arene diazonium salts
Gram Scale Catalytic Asymmetric Aziridination: Preparation of (2

R

,3

R

)‐Ethyl 1‐Benzhydryl‐3‐(4‐Bromophenyl)Aziridine 2‐Carboxylate
Authors: Desai Aman A. , Morán‐Ramallal Roberto , Wulff William D.
Published: February 2012

N
‐(4‐Bromobenzylidene)‐1,1‐diphenylmethanamine

4‐Bromobenzaldehyde

Aminodiphenylmethane

Triphenyl borate

(
S
)‐VANOL

(2
R
,3
R
)‐Ethyl 1‐benzhydryl‐3‐(4‐bromophenyl)aziridine‐2‐carboxylate

Ethyl diazoacetate
Discussion Addendum for: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reduction of Vinyl Trifluoromethanesulfonates to Alkenes: Cholesta‐3,5‐Diene
Authors: Cacchi Sandro , Morera Enrico , Ortar Giorgio
Published: February 2012

cholesta‐3,5‐diene

2,6‐lutidine

1,1’‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene

1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane

1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane

Pinacolborane

3‐methyl‐1‐azatricyclo[5.2.1.0]decane

(–)‐Galantamine
An Economical Synthesis of 4‐Trimethylsilyl‐2‐Butyn‐1‐
OL
Authors: Wein Alexander N. , Tong Rongbiao , McDonald Frank E.
Published: February 2012

2‐Butyn‐1‐ol

n
‐Butyllithium

tert
‐Butyllithium

Chlorotrimethylsilane
Silver‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Propargylic Sulfinates: Synthesis of Allenic Sulfones
Authors: Harmata Michael , Cai Zhengxin , Huang Chaofeng
Published: February 2012

But‐3‐yn‐2‐yl 4‐Methylbenzenesulfinate

Tosyl chloride

Triethylamine

Triphenylphosphine

1‐(Buta‐1,2‐dien‐1‐ylsulfonyl)‐4‐methylbenzene

Silver hexafluoroantimonate
(
S
a
,
S
)‐
N
‐[2′‐(4‐Methylphenylsulfonamido)‐1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2‐Yl]Pyrrolidine‐2‐Carboxamide: An Organocatalyst for the Direct Aldol Reaction
Authors: Vizóquez Santiago F. , Guillena Gabriela , Nájera Carmen , Bradshaw Ben , Etxebarria‐Jardi Gorka , Bonjoch Josep
Published: February 2012

(

S
a

)‐(‐)‐1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine

p
‐Toluenesulfonyl chloride

Pyridine

N
‐(
tert‐
Butoxycarbonyl)‐
L
‐proline

Ethyl chloroformate

Triethylamine

Trifluoroacetic acid
Tandem Nucleophilic Addition / Fragmentation of Vinylogous Acyl Triflates: 2‐Methyl‐2‐(1‐Oxo‐5‐Heptynyl)‐1,3‐Dithiane
Authors: Lisboa Marilda P. , Hoang Tung T. , Dudley Gregory B.
Published: February 2012

2‐Methyl‐2‐(1‐oxo‐5‐heptynyl)‐1,3‐dithiane
2‐Methyl‐1,3‐dithiane
n
‐Butyllithium
2‐Methyl‐3‐trifluoromethansulfonyloxy‐cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐one
2‐Methyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione

Trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride
Synthesis and Diastereoselective Aldol Reactions of a Thiazolidinethione Chiral Auxiliary
Authors: Crimmins Michael T. , Christie Hamish S. , Hughes Colin O.
Published: February 2012

(
S
)‐1‐(4‐Benzyl‐2‐thioxothiazolidin‐3‐yl)propan‐1‐one
(2
S
, 3
R
)‐3‐Hydroxy‐1‐[(4
S
)‐4‐benzyl‐2‐thioxo‐thiazolidin‐3‐yl]‐2,4‐

dimethyl‐pentan‐1‐one
(2
R
, 3
S
)‐3‐Hydroxy‐1‐[(4
S
)‐4‐benzyl‐2‐thioxo‐thiazolidin‐3‐yl]‐2,4‐

dimethyl‐pentan‐1‐one
(
S
)‐Phenylalaninol

Carbon disulfide

Propionyl chloride

Pyridine
2‐Thiazolidinethione, 4‐(phenylmethyl)‐, (4
S
)‐
N
‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone
(–)‐Sparteine

Isobutyraldehyde

Titanium tetrachloride
Ligand‐Free Copper(
II
) Oxide Nanoparticles Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Benzoxazoles
Authors: Saha Prasenjit , Ali Md Ashif , Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam
Published: February 2012

2‐Phenylbenzoxazole
N‐
2‐Bromophenylbenzamide
2‐Bromoaniline

Benzoyl chloride

Cesium carbonate

Copper(II) oxide nanoparticles
A sigma point‐based resampling algorithm in particle filter
Authors: Tang Xu , Huang Jian , Zhou Jian , Wei Ping
Published: February 2012

We propose a novel resampling algorithm to deal with the sample impoverishment problem of particle filter. The algorithm introduces sigma points into the generic resampling procedure to enrich the representation of the posterior distribution. Compared with other relevant resampling algorithms, such as the exquisite resampling algorithm reported recently, our algorithm has shown an improved estimation performance and reduced computational complexity in the simulation of two different nonlinear systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversal of antithrombotic agents
Authors: Bauer Kenneth A.
Published: February 2012

Anticoagulants are the mainstay of therapy for thromboembolic diseases. In addition to the more traditional agents, new oral anticoagulants, including dabigatran etexilate, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, have been shown to be effective across several indications. Bleeding is a serious complication associated with any anticoagulant, but many of the traditional parenteral and new oral agents do not currently have specific antidotes. This review describes available and future options for the reversal of the effects of anticoagulants, in particular the new oral agents and discusses current management strategies for bleeding events in clinical practice. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A phenotype map for 14q32.3 terminal deletions
Authors: Engels Hartmut , Schüler Herdit M. , Zink Alexander M. , Wohlleber Eva , Brockschmidt Antje , Hoischen Alexander , Drechsler Matthias , Lee Jennifer A. , Ludwig Kerstin U. , Kubisch Christian , Schwanitz Gesa , Weber Ruthild G. , Leube Barbara , Hennekam Raoul C. M. , Rudnik‐Schöneborn Sabine , Kreiß‐Nachtsheim Martina , Reutter Heiko
Published: February 2012

Detailed molecular‐cytogenetic studies combined with thorough clinical characterization are needed to establish genotype–phenotype correlations for specific chromosome deletion syndromes. Although many patients with subtelomeric deletions have been reported, the phenotype maps for many of the corresponding syndromes, including the terminal deletion 14q syndrome, are only slowly emerging. Here, we report on five patients with terminal partial monosomy of 14q32.3 and characteristic features of terminal deletion 14q syndrome. Four of the patients carry de novo terminal deletions of 14q, three of which have not yet been reported. One patient carries an unbalanced translocation der(14)t(9;14)(q34.3;q32.3). Minimum deletion sizes as determined by molecular karyotyping and FISH are 5.82, 5.56, 4.17, 3.54, and 3.29 Mb, respectively. Based on our findings and a comprehensive review of the literature, we refine the phenotype map for typical clinical findings of the terminal deletion 14q syndrome (i.e., intellectual disability/developmental delay, muscular hypotonia, postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital heart defects, genitourinary malformations, ocular coloboma, and several dysmorphic signs). Combining this phenotype map with benign copy‐number variation data available from the Database of Genomic Variants, we propose a small region critical for certain features of the terminal deletion 14q syndrome which contains only seven RefSeq genes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Discretized thermal Green's functions
Authors: Granath M. , Sabashvili A. , Strand H.U.R. , Östlund S.
Published: February 2012

We present a spectral weight conserving formalism for Fermionic thermal Green's functions that are discretized in imaginary time τ and thus periodic in imaginary (“Matsubara”) frequency i ωn. The formalism requires a generalization of the Dyson equation G (G0, Σ) and the Baym‐Kadanoff‐Luttinger‐Ward functional for the free energy β Ω = Γ (G). A conformal transformation is used to analytically continue the periodized Matsubara Green's function to real frequencies in a way that conserves the discontinuity at t = 0 of the corresponding real‐time Green's function. This allows numerical Green's function calculations of very high precision and it appears to give a well controlled convergent approximation in the τ discretization. The formalism is tested on dynamical mean field theory calculations of the paramagnetic Hubbard model.
Immobilization of magnetic magnetite nanoparticle film on polyamide fabric
Authors: Zhang H. , Zheng J. Y.
Published: February 2012

Polyamide (PA) fabric loaded with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticle film was prepared by a simple chemical coprecipitation method. The surface morphology, chemical and phase constituents, crystalline structure, magnetic behavior, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the Fe3O4‐coated fabric were determined by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and tensile testing. The results show that a thin membrane of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was immobilized on the surface of THE PA fabric. The saturation magnetization of the Fe3O4‐coated fabric was 27.5 emu/g. The onset decomposition temperature increased slightly, but the initial endothermic temperature decreased. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were deposited on the fiber surface by mechanical anchoring action. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of the manufacturing conditions on the structure and performance of thin‐film composite membranes
Authors: Zhang Rui‐Xin , Vanneste Johan , Poelmans Lore , Sotto Arcadio , Wang Xiao‐Lin , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: February 2012

A systematic investigation of the influence of the manufacturing conditions on the structure and performance of thin‐film composite (TFC) membranes is presented for polyamide (PA) supported by poly(ether sulfone) (PES). The TFC membranes were composed of an ultrathin PA layer synthesized by interfacial polymerization on top of a porous PES support layer formed by immersion precipitation. For the PES support layer, the role of the wetting pretreatment, initial casting film thickness, and relative air humidity were studied. Assuming a strong correlation between the thermodynamics and the hydrodynamics of the casting process, we derived new insights from scanning electron microscopy images and the experimental data. In view of optimization of the flux through the membranes, a wetting pretreatment should be avoided. Important polymer savings were obtained without a loss of performance through a decrease in the casting thickness in combination with the use of a very smooth support. Last but not least, a high air humidity during casting was found to inhibit the formation of a dense, defect‐free skin layer. For the PA layer, the interfacial polymerization method, the drying method, and the curing time were studied. The clamping of the membrane in a frame with one side in contact with the piperazine (PIP) solution and the other side to the air yielded the highest membrane flux and rejection with the lowest use of PIP and trimesoylchloride solution. Because of the absence of a uniform PIP solution layer for some drying methods, nodular PA structures could be observed in the macrovoids of the underlying PES layer because of hexane intrusion; this resulted in a dramatic decrease in the flux. Moreover, the omission of the drying step did not result in a significant loss of performance and enhanced the ease of operation. Finally, a curing time of 8 min was found to be optimal. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Processing and tribology of thermoplastic polyurethane particulate composite materials
Authors: Golaz B. , Tetouani S. , Diomidis N. , Michaud V. , Mischler S.
Published: February 2012

The processing, mechanical and tribological properties of wax containing thermoplastic polyurethane–filler composites were studied for different weight ratios of graphite, TiO2, MoS2, and ZrO2 microparticles and SiO2 nanoparticles. The composites were compounded by extrusion and processed by compression molding. The rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties were measured, and the wear characteristics were tested with ball‐on‐plate reciprocating tribometer tests under fixed friction conditions and then observed by scanning electron microscopy. Correlations between the friction, wear, and mechanical properties were observed, and their mechanisms are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Long‐term changes in unionid assemblages in the Rio Grande, one of the World's top 10 rivers at risk
Authors: Karatayev Alexander Y. , Miller Thomas D. , Burlakova Lyubov E.
Published: February 2012

According to the World Wildlife Fund, the Rio Grande is the most endangered river system in the North American continent and one of the World's top 10 rivers at risk, but is globally important for freshwater biodiversity. Unionid bivalves of the Rio Grande river basin used to be represented by a unique assemblage, including four endemic species (Truncilla cognata, Potamilis metnecktayi, Popenaias popeii, and Quadrula couchiana); however, surveys from 1998–2001 failed to recover any live endemic unionid species suggesting a sharp decrease in their populations and potential of extinction.

Intensive surveys (162 sites sampled) conducted by the authors from 2001–2011 on the Rio Grande and its tributaries in Texas recovered live T. cognata, P. metnecktayi, and the largest population of P. popeii ever reported. Overall the unionid assemblage of the Rio Grande basin has changed considerably during the last century.

Decline in species diversity, range fragmentation, local extirpations, and introduction of widespread common species were documented. Two species (Q. couchiana and Quincuncina mitchelli) are locally extinct. Potamilus metnecktayi and T. cognata have been extirpated from the Pecos River and their ranges in the Rio Grande have been reduced. Popenaias popeii has been extirpated from the Pecos River and Las Moras Creek along with the reduction and fragmentation of its range in the Devils River and Rio Grande.

Among the environmental factors responsible for the degradation of unionid assemblages in the Rio Grande river basin, the most important are impoundments, habitat degradation, salinization, pollution, and over‐extraction of water.

Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of dipstick‐based immuno‐chemiluminescence techniques for the rapid detection of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Authors: Baker Syed , Vinayaka Aaydha C. , Manonmani Haravey K. , Thakur Munna S.
Published: February 2012

The occurrence of organochlorine pesticides in the environment has been a major concern, due to their high persistence and the possible impacts of their exposure to humans. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is most hazardous and one of the most widely used organochlorine insecticides. DDT and its main metabolites are highly stable to physical, chemical and biological degradation and are therefore still being detected in many parts of the world. The present study describes dipstick‐based immuno‐chemiluminescence method for the detection of DDT with high sensitivity. Anti‐DDT antibodies raised in chicken (IgY) were used as the biological sensing elements by immobilizing onto nitrocellulose membrane strips in a chemiluminescence (CL)‐based dipstick technique. The photons generated during the biochemical interaction were directly proportional to the DDT concentration. A mean recovery of 81.2–95.6% was obtained for DDT‐spiked fruit juice samples with 2.8–4.6% relative standard deviation (RSD). Using the proposed dipstick‐based immuno‐CL method, DDT was detected with linearity in the range 0.05–1 ng/mL, having a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 ng/mL. This method can be used for the rapid, reliable detection of DDT pesticide. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel reddish‐orange phosphor, NaLi2PO4:Eu3+
Authors: Shinde K. N. , Dhoble S. J.
Published: February 2012

A series of Eu3+‐activated NaLi2PO4 novel phosphors was synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) properties of these phosphors were investigated at room temperature. The excitation spectra indicate that these phosphors can be effectively excited by near‐UV (370–410 nm) light. The emission spectra exhibit strong reddish‐orange performance, which is due to the 5D0 → 7FJ transitions of Eu3+ ions. The orange emission from transition 5D0 → 7F1 is dominant over that of 5D0 → 7F2. The concentration quenching of Eu3+ was observed in NaLi2PO4:Eu3+ when the Eu concentration was at 1 mol%. The impact of doping Eu3+ and photoluminescence properties were investigated and we propose a feasible interpretation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemiluminescence determination of gemifloxacin based on diperiodatoargentate (III)‐sulphuric acid reaction in a micellar medium
Authors: Zhao Fang , Zhao Wen‐hui , Xiong Wei
Published: February 2012

A novel flow‐injection chemiluminescence (FI‐CL) analysis method for the determination of gemifloxacin in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant micelles is described. Strong CL signal was generated during the reaction of gemifloxacin with diperiodatoargentate (III) in a sulfuric acid medium sensitized by CTAB. Under optimum experimental conditions, the CL intensity was linearly related to the concentration of gemifloxacin from 1.0 × 10‐9 to 3.0 × 10‐7 g/mL and the detection limit was 7.3 × 10‐10 g/mL (3σ). The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.7 % for a 3.0 × 10‐8 g/mL gemifloxacin solution (11 repeated measurements). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of gemifloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. The possible mechanism of the CL reaction is also discussed briefly. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supramolecular Tandem Enzyme Assays
Authors: Dsouza Roy N. , Hennig Andreas , Nau Werner M.
Published: February 2012

We conceptualize a novel approach towards enzyme assays based on the reversible and competitive binding of a fluorescent dye and the substrate as well as product of an enzymatic reaction to a macrocyclic host. This method was termed “supramolecular tandem assay”, and has been applied to inhibitor and activator screening, sensor array development, and enantiomeric excess determination of amino acids. The simple and rapid read‐out by fluorescence allows their straightforward implementation into high‐throughput screening.
A Fluorescence‐Based Supramolecular Tandem Assay for Monitoring Lysine Methyltransferase Activity in Homogeneous Solution
Authors: Florea Mara , Kudithipudi Srikanth , Rei Ana , González‐Álvarez María José , Jeltsch Albert , Nau Werner M.
Published: February 2012

The demand for practical and convenient enzyme assays for histone lysine methyltransferases (HKMTs) emerges along with the rapid development of this young class of enzymes. A supramolecular reporter pair composed of p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (CX4) and the fluorescent dye lucigenin (LCG) has been used to monitor enzymatic trimethylation of lysine residues in peptide substrates. The assay affords a switch‐ON fluorescence response and operates in a continuous, real‐time, and label‐free fashion. The underlying working principle relies on the higher affinity of the macrocycle towards the trimethylated product of the enzymatic reaction as compared to the substrate, which allows the assay to be carried out in the product‐selective mode. The final product incorporates a trimethylammonium moiety, a known high‐affinity binding motif for CX4. Two substrates corresponding to the H3 N‐terminal tail, namely, S2 (RTKQTARKSTGGKAP) and S6 (QTARKSTGGS), were selected as model compounds for methylation with the Neurospora crassa Dim‐5 enzyme and investigated by the newly developed supramolecular tandem HKMTs assay. Only the longer substrate S2 underwent methylation in solution. The potential of the assay for inhibitor screening was demonstrated by means of inhibition studies with 1,10‐phenanthroline to afford an inhibition constant of (70±20) μM.
Excited State Properties and Energy Transfer within Dipyrrin‐Based Binuclear Iridium/Platinum Dyads: The Effect of ortho‐Methylation on the Spacer
Authors: Bronner Catherine , Veiga Manoel , Guenet Aurélie , De Cola Luisa , Hosseini Mir Wais , Strassert Cristian A. , Baudron Stéphane A.
Published: February 2012

Luminescent cyclometalated iridium complexes based on pyridyl appended dipyrrin ligands were prepared and characterized both in the solid state and in solution. The functionalization of the peripheral pyridyl moiety causes dramatic changes on the emission properties of both mono‐ and hetero‐ binuclear complexes. A detailed photophysical investigation of the two mononuclear derivatives of the [(Ppy)2Ir(dpm‐py)] family (Ppy=2‐phenylpyridine, dpm‐py=5‐(4‐pyridyl)dipyrrin) was carried out. Introduction of methyl groups at the 3 and 5 positions on the pyridyl unit diminishes the non‐radiative rate constant by locking the peripheral pyridyl group orthogonally to the dipyrrinato plane. Thus, they limit the rotational degree of freedom, as well as the charge‐transfer character of the excited state. The coordination of these two complexes to a cyclometalated [(dppy)Pt] fragment (dppy=2,6‐diphenylpyridine) led to the formation of binuclear species in which the iridium and platinum complexes behave as acceptors and donors, respectively. In these heterobinuclear compounds, the methyl groups do not influence the energy transfer efficiency, which is estimated to be above 90 %. However, they do limit the charge‐transfer character of the acceptor’s excited state, as well as its rotational degree of freedom, thus avoiding the detrimental effect upon the photophysical performance.
Commentary on “Cervical cancer screening in England: The past, present, and future”: A comparison with Canada
Authors: Duggan Máire A.
Published: February 2012

For cervical cancer screening to be most effective, all eligible women in the population must be enrolled in an organized program. In this issue, Albrow et al describe how cervical cancer screening in England migrated from “opportunistic” in the 1960s to “organized” in the 1980s and discuss its continued evolution as new screening approaches and technologies developed. England's current National Health Services Cervical Screening Programme is the poster child for organized screening delivery. A similar model of central coordination and peripheral delivery of screening does not exist in Canada. The provision of health services is under provincial jurisdiction, and consequently each province administers its own version of a cervical cancer screening program. To date, organized screening has only been achieved in 2 of 10 provinces, and screening elsewhere is opportunistic. Screening in Canada begins at age 18‐21, ends at age 69‐70, and mostly occurs annually. This approach has yielded a significant reduction in cervical cancer incidence and mortality, but health service utilization costs have been high. The future should see full implementation of organized screening in all provinces, and when combined with the publicly funded human papillomavirus vaccination program of young girls begun in 2008, the result should be even better cancer control. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Cervical screening in England: The past, present, and future
Authors: Albrow Rebecca , Kitchener Henry , Gupta Nalini , Desai Mina
Published: February 2012

Cervical screening in England commenced in a disorganized fashion in 1964. The flaws of this approach became apparent in the mid‐1980s and led to the inception of the National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme (NHSCSP). The main features of this program are its population‐based registry, accessibility to all women within the screening age range, its systematic process of call and recall, national coordination, and quality assurance. Its success is in part based on its ability to evolve as evidence necessitates, and throughout the period of 2000‐2010, it embarked upon a series of developments involving liquid‐based cytology, which also provided the means to conduct reflex high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) testing and the potential to automate the screening process. As a result of evidence acquired since 2000, the NHSCSP is currently based on a system of primary cytology with HPV triage for low‐grade abnormalities combined with cytology plus a HR‐HPV “test of cure” for women who have received treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Future challenges for the program will involve finding solutions to increasing screening uptake among women <30 years of age—a problem that may be exacerbated when vaccinated women reach the screening age, while making plans to accommodate HPV primary screening. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Detection of carbonic anhydrase IX protein in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Liao Nai‐Ding , Lee Wen‐Ying
Published: February 2012

BACKGROUND:

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a hallmark of metabolic change in cancer cells. The aim was to evaluate the utility of CAIX expression for the detection of malignant pleural effusions by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunocytochemistry.

METHODS:

A total of 97 pleural effusions including 54 benign effusions, 10 atypical effusions, and 33 malignant effusions, classified based on cytological diagnosis and etiology, were subjected to ELISA to measure protein level and to immunocytochemistry in cell blocks to determine CAIX expression.

RESULTS:

CAIX levels were significantly higher in the malignant group compared with the benign group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of benign and malignant pleural effusion for CAIX indicated an area under the curve of 0.82 with a value of 1882 pg/dL as the best threshold for distinguishing benign from malignant effusions, which yields a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 63.6%, 94.4%, and 82.8%, respectively. None of the benign effusion expressed CAIX by immunocytochemistry. Malignant effusion cell blocks expressed CAIX in 63.6% of cases with 100% specificity. Upon combination of CAIX level and immunocytochemistry to detect malignant pleural effusions, the sensitivity and accuracy increased to 81.8% and 89.7%, respectively. The CAIX level determined by ELISA and the CAIX expression detected by immunocytochemistry were positively correlated. In atypical effusions, 5 cases (50%) exhibited CAIX levels higher than the cutoff value or were highlighted by CAIX immunocytochemistry.

CONCLUSIONS:

ELISA and immunocytochemistry methods for determination of CAIX protein are potential additional tests for detection of malignant pleural effusions. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012;. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Methyl N‐Alanyl‐1′‐aminoferrocene‐1‐carboxylate
Authors: Barišić Lidija , Kovačević Monika , Mamić Marija , Kodrin Ivan , Mihalić Zlatko , Rapić Vladimir
Published: February 2012

Structurally different ferrocene peptides I–VI exhibit considerable conformational differences. This study has explored the structural properties of VII [Y‐AA‐Fca‐OMe; Y = di‐tert‐butyl dicarbonate (Boc), acetyl (Ac); AA = L‐Ala, D‐Ala; Fca = 1′‐aminoferrocene‐1‐carboxylic acid] with an exchanged sequence of constituent amino acids relative to VI (Y‐Fca‐AA‐OMe; Y = Boc, Ac; AA = L‐Ala, D‐Ala). The ferrocene peptides VII were obtained by coupling C‐protected Fca with Boc‐L‐Ala‐OH and Boc‐D‐Ala‐OH, respectively. The Boc protecting groups of the obtained conjugates Boc‐AA‐Fca‐OMe (2a, AA = L‐Ala; 2b, AA = D‐Ala) were converted to sterically less demanding Ac groups to give Ac‐AA‐Fca‐OMe (3a, AA = L‐Ala; 3b, AA = D‐Ala). In order to examine their conformational properties, peptides VII were subjected to spectroscopic analysis (IR, 1H NMR, CD) and molecular modeling (DFT). The alteration of peptides VI into VII significantly influenced their conformational properties. Conjugates VI were stabilized through interchain hydrogen bonding, whereas inter‐ and intrachain hydrogen bonds were established in their constitutional isomers VII. The replacement of the bulky Boc group with an Ac group did not cause major conformational changes, and the absolute configuration of the alanine chiral centers did not affect the conformational properties.
A Unified Strategy for the Syntheses of Angucyclinone Antibiotics: Total Syntheses of Tetrangulol, Kanglemycin M, X‐14881‐E, and Anhydrolandomycinone
Authors: Vanga Devendar Goud , Kaliappan Krishna P.
Published: February 2012

A unified strategy for the syntheses of angucyclinone antibiotics was developed utilizing sequential intramolecular enyne metathesis, Diels–Alder/aromatization, photooxygenation, and one‐pot elimination/aromatization reactions. The diversity in this sequence was introduced in the Diels–Alder reaction where a common diene was treated with various appropriately functionalized quinones as the dienophiles to accomplish the total syntheses of tetrangulol, kanglemycin M, X‐14881‐E, and anhydrolandomycinone in moderate to good overall yields. The requisite diene was synthesized in excellent yield from a known enyne through an intramolecular enyne metathesis. The scope of this flexible and divergent strategy can be extended to the syntheses of similar scaffolds and unnatural aromatic angucyclinones.
Lung endothelial ADAM17 regulates the acute inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Dreymueller Daniela , Martin Christian , Kogel Tanja , Pruessmeyer Jessica , Hess Franz M. , Horiuchi Keisuke , Uhlig Stefan , Ludwig Andreas
Published: February 2012

Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with increased vascular permeability, leukocyte recruitment, and pro‐inflammatory mediator release. We investigated the role of the metalloproteinase ADAM17 in endotoxin‐induced ALI with focus on endothelial ADAM17. In vitro, endotoxin‐mediated induction of endothelial permeability and IL‐8‐induced transmigration of neutrophils through human microvascular endothelial cells required ADAM17 as shown by inhibition with GW280264X or shRNA‐mediated knockdown. In vivo, ALI was induced by intranasal endotoxin‐challenge combined with GW280264X treatment or endothelial adam17‐knockout. Endotoxin‐triggered upregulation of ADAM17 mRNA in the lung was abrogated in knockout mice and associated with reduced ectodomain shedding of the junctional adhesion molecule JAM‐A and the transmembrane chemokine CX3CL1. Induced vascular permeability, oedema formation, release of TNF‐α and IL‐6 and pulmonary leukocyte recruitment were all markedly reduced by GW280264X or endothelial adam17‐knockout. Intranasal application of TNF‐α could not restore leukocyte recruitment and oedema formation in endothelial adam17‐knockout animals. Thus, activation of endothelial ADAM17 promotes acute pulmonary inflammation in response to endotoxin by multiple endothelial shedding events most likely independently of endothelial TNF‐α release leading to enhanced vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment.
Clinicopathologic study and outcome analysis of thyroid lymphomas: Experience from a tertiary cancer center
Authors: Katna Rakesh , Shet Tanuja , Sengar Manju , Menon Hari , Laskar Siddharth , Prabhash Kumar , D'Cruz Anil , Nair Reena
Published: February 2012

Background

The aim of this study was to review clinicopathologic presentations of patients diagnosed with thyroid lymphomas at a tertiary cancer center. Thyroid lymphomas represent less than 2% of all lymphomas.

Methods

The lymphoma clinic database was retrospectively reviewed to collect information on patients diagnosed with thyroid lymphomas. Tissue microarrays were constructed in 37 patients for evaluation of germinal center (CD10/bcl‐6) and activated B‐cell immunophenotype markers (FoxP1, Mum1).

Results

During 2000 to 2010, 64 of 5668 patients registered at our lymphoma clinic were diagnosed with thyroid lymphoma (1.7%). Complete response (CR) to treatment was seen in 80.7%. The germinal center immunophenotype and activated B‐cell immune phenotype did not influence the prognosis. FoxP1, however, was associated with poor treatment response and decreased survival.

Conclusions

Advanced International Prognostic Index (IPI) score and combined‐modality treatment emerged as significant prognostic factors for treatment response and overall survival. Immunophenotype expression of FoxP1 carries a poor prognosis in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma as elsewhere. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Human papillomavirus genotype detection in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in Colombia
Authors: Sanchez Gloria I. , Jaramillo Roberto , Cuello Gustavo , Quintero Katherine , Baena Armando , O'Byrne Adriana , Reyes Antonio Jose , Santamaria Consuelo , Cuello Harold , Arrunategui Anamaria , Cortez Armando , Osorio German , Reina Julio Cesar , Quint Wim G. V. , Muñoz Nubia
Published: February 2012

Background

Knowledge on human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is essential to assess the impact of HPV vaccine. It is provided information for Colombia.

Methods

In all, 189 RRP primary cases diagnosed between 1985 and 2009 were identified from 5 pathology laboratories of Cali and Medellin, Colombia. HPV DNA testing in 129 cases that fulfilled inclusion criteria (available paraffin blocks, amplifiable DNA, and confirmed histologic diagnosis of RRP) was performed by the SPF‐10/LiPA25 assay (version 1).

Results

Of all cases 36.1% were juvenile (<12 years old) and a majority of adults were males (p = .09); 95% of cases were HPV positive. HPV 6, 11, and 16 contributed to 69%, 27.1%, and 7.8% of all HPV positive cases. Twelve cases (9.3%) showed multiple infections; 8 of these were HPV 6 or 11 positive.

Conclusions

HPV prophylactic vaccine including HPV 6 and 11 may have a major impact against RRP. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Sebaceous gland carcinoma of the head and neck: The Princess Margaret Hospital experience
Authors: Erovic Boban M. , Goldstein David P. , Kim Dae , Al Habeeb Ayman , Waldron John , Ghazarian Danny , Irish Jonathan C.
Published: February 2012

Background

The purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors predicting outcomes in sebaceous gland carcinomas.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective medical chart review of patients with sebaceous carcinomas of periorbital (n = 33) and extraorbital sites (n = 13).

Results

Patients with periorbital tumors had higher recurrence rates than did patients with extraorbital tumors (64% vs 23%; p = .032). Patients who were older than 60 years (p = .035) and had lower eyelid tumors (p < .0001) had a lower disease‐free survival rate than did patients with upper eyelid tumors. Patients with sebaceous carcinomas had a high rate (60%) of occult lymph node metastases.

Conclusion

Periorbital tumors are associated with poorer outcomes than are extraorbital tumors. Lower eyelid carcinomas have the worst prognosis and should be treated more aggressively. Our findings of a high incidence of occult neck disease and a high rate of regional recurrence in patients with sebaceous carcinomas support the consideration of prophylactic elective neck dissections for treating such patients. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013