bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Content of heavy metals in the digestate from poultry by-products
Authors: Podoba Y. , Pinchuk V. , Tertychna O. , Mineralov O. , Deshko V.
Published: March 2024

Content of heavy and other metals, which have the sanitary status of «harmful substances» in various national and European standards and quality guidelines, in the by-products of poultry farming and its processing products — digestate from a biogas station — was determined. Expediency of analyzing the chemical composition of organic raw materials at different stages of the technological process for obtaining high-quality organic fertilizer based on digestate from biogas station is substantiated. Granulation of the solid fraction of the digestate was carried out to obtain granulated organic fertilizer, which made it possible to improve the process of processing byproducts of animal origin. The granulated dry product mass makes 23.1% of the mass of the native digestate from the biogas station. Laboratory analysis of granulated digestate determined compliance with sanitary standards for organic fertilizers approved for use in conventional and organic agriculture. The content of heavy metals in digestate from quail droppings was analyzed in accordance with DSTU 4944:2008. The mass fraction of heavy metals cadmium, lead and cobalt is 285, 342 and 1795 times lower than permissible concentration for agrochemicals in Ukraine, and copper and zinc are 17 and 19 times lower, respectively. According to international standards (Regulation (EU) 2019/1009), actual concentration of cadmium, lead, copper and zinc is 14, 205, 13 and 4 times lower than the maximum permissible levels. Actual content in percent of the permissible value of the toxicological indicators of the organic mixture, which according to DSTU 7527:2014 can be used as a fertilizer in agriculture and forestry and in green construction; for land reclamation and as fuel is: iron — 4.7%, cadmium — 0.5%, cobalt — 0.4%, manganese — 6.9%, copper — 3.1%, lead — 0.2%.
Influence of methods of agricultural use of organic soils on leaching biogenic substances into drained waters
Authors: Slyusar I. , Serbeniuk V. , Serbeniuk G. , Zosimchuk O.
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the work is the environmental protection and effective use of drained organic soils of the humid zone in river valleys, which is connected with the development and using the system of sustainable development of agricultural sector, the object of which is the soil, as well as the processes that take place with its participation, especially the degradation of peat soil, leaching of various chemicals into groundwater, which were used in the technologies of growing agricultural crops. In these soils, there is a change in water-air, thermal, nutritional regimes and biological processes, which, due to unreasonable methods of soil use, leads to pollution of river waters, which negatively affect the ecology of the environment in general. The research results showed that the most leached from the soil, regardless of the doses and types of application of mineral fertilizers and weather conditions by year, were the compounds Ca (82–265 mg/l), Mg (33.9–126.0 mg/l), Na (22.1–48.2 mg/l of drainage water), and the lowest — nitrate nitrogen (2.1–29.5 mg/l) and phosphorus (0.4–2.0 mg/l of drainage water). Such dependence is associated with intensive consumption of mobile nitrogen and phosphorus by plants. A lot of Na was leached from the soil (21.2–65.0 mg/l of drainage water). This is due to the significant salt content in the soil, which is considered slightly saline. The most compounds of Ca, Mg, nitrate and ammonia nitrogen are washed out under grasses in spring, and under annual crops in autumn. Leaching mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium regardless of the type of crop used, and most of them were washed out under grasses and annual crops in autumn; moreover, the amount of washed substances is consistent with the application rate. It was established that the content of almost all biogenic substances in the canals of various purposes did not exceed the MPC for fish farms, based on the use of the content of Mg compounds (MPC — 40 mg/l of water), which in the channels of the floodplain of the Supii River reached 91–126 mg/l of water. At the same time, the introduction of magnesium chemicals in the technological process of growing agricultural crops was not carried out, apparently, its compounds were found in the vivianite layers of the organic soil. The main measures for environmental protection agricultural use of drained organic soils are proposed in accordance with scientifically based methods of their use in the conditions of the humid zone of the Forest-Steppe and Polissia, which will make it possible to regulate and control the ingress of biogenic substances into drainage and river waters.
Influence of fertilization systems on the productivity of soybean plants (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Dushko P. , Shumyhai I.
Published: March 2024

Soy (Glycine max L.) is the leading protein-oil crop in world agriculture. This is a unique food, fodder, technical and medicinal culture, which became the basis for the production of vegetable protein and oil in the world. The intensity of growth of the assimilation surface and its size are significantly influenced by a number of both natural and organized factors, one of which is the provision of plants with a complete set of mineral nutrition elements and trace elements. One of the effective ways to provide plants with a sufficient amount of macro- and microelements is seed treatment before sowing and foliar fertilization feeding with chelated fertilizers. Soy is a strategic crop of world agriculture, which is capable of solving the food problem of protein deficiency in human nutrition, and needs significant attention in the agriculture of Ukraine. Despite the fact that in terms of production volume, the country ranks first in Europe and eighth in the world, its yield is not high enough, therefore the task of finding innovative directions for the development of crop production is quite urgent. The individual seed productivity of soybean plants is determined by the optimal combination of the main elements of the crop structure — the number of beans on one plant, the number of seeds in a bean and the weight of seeds from one plant. It is a dynamic quantity and changes according to certain soil and climatic conditions of the region, specifics of the growing season of plants and elements of growing technology. The formation of highly productive soybean agrophytocenoses in order to increase the productivity and stability of production largely depends on many factors, the main of which are the genotype of the crop, weather and climate conditions, and production technologies. The results of research on the individual seed productivity of soybean plants on gray forest soils depending on the technological processes of cultivation are given. It was established that the maximum increase in the number of seeds from one plant (14.0 pcs., or 34.0%) was obtained for the fertilization system, which involves the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N45Р90К90, prioritization of by-products of the predecessor with inoculation of seeds before sowing. It was found that the maximum increase (4.8–5.0 units, or 23.8–24.8%) of the number of beans on one plant to absolute control was obtained in variants with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N45Р90К90 and prioritization of by-products of the predecessor. The maximum mass (7.6 g) from one plant was obtained with the fertilization system, which provides for the application of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N15Р30K30, prioritization of by-products of the precursor and siderate biomass for seed inoculation before sowing.
SIDERATION — A FACTOR OF THE FORMATION OF THE MAIN INDICATORS OF THE SOIL IN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Authors: Horodyska I. , Kravchuk Yu.
Published: March 2024

The article proves the relevance of using sideral crops in organic farming technologies. The results of scientific research on the use of sideration as an ecologically safe factor in the formation of the main indicators and properties of the soil are analyzed. It is noted that nowadays the cultivation of sideral crops is one of the main alternatives for replacing chemically synthesized fertilizers. Examples of the use of siderates as environmentally safe types of fertilizers that contribute to the restoration of soil fertility and the increase in the yield of agricultural crops are given. It was noted that side crops under organic land use are an effective and productive component of the technology of growing agricultural crops, contribute to improving the structure and quality of the soil, providing mineral nutrition and creating favorable conditions for the growth and development of plants, which affects the increase in yield with the complete rejection of chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. It is noted that when using sideration in organic technologies for growing agricultural crops, it is necessary to make a reasonable selection of sideration crops with a high adaptive potential, taking into account their biological characteristics. The selection of siderates must be carried out taking into account the soil and climatic zone of cultivation, moisture availability and temperature regime of the soil, biological features of growing siderate cultures and the agronomic value of their introduction, features of the effect of siderate on the structure of the soil, its density and porosity, providing the soil with organic matter (humus) and nutritional mineral elements, as well as the yield and quality of agricultural products.
Strategic management of rural areas in the context of decentralization
Authors: Mishenin Ye. , Botsula O.
Published: March 2024

This article analyzes economic mechanisms and approaches to optimize rural governance and development, particularly in the context of ongoing decentralization reforms in Ukraine. Decentralization has given more budgetary and administrative powers to local governments in rural areas, allowing for policies that are more adapted to local conditions. However, local governments often lack the knowledge, skills, and resources to take full advantage of these opportunities. The study aims to identify strategies for strengthening governance and economic management of rural areas through improved financial planning, investment, use of technology, and human capital development. The aim is to provide recommendations for improving the efficiency, sustainability and equity of rural development processes.
Perubahan Perilaku Masyarakat Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS) Menuju Hidup Bersih dan Sehat
Authors: Tenricapa Siti , Nurhasana Renny , Sidabutar Noviyati V. , Kurniawati Rini , Nabal Alfred R. Januar , Sanjaya R. Bayu
Published: March 2024

Open defecation is still carried out in several locations in Jakarta, especially in slum settlements as a result of uncontrolled migration flows that are not accompanied by the readiness and availability of adequate housing. Basically, this behavior is a way of fulfilling the biological need to defecate. Individual ways to fulfill it are influenced by external factors and individual internal factors, which can shape behavior in a positive or negative direction. These ways are strongly influenced by the determinants of behavior. This study aims to raise facts on the ground which show that there are differences in reactions to interventions carried out in an effort to change open defecation behavior that occurs in marginalized Jakarta communities towards clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS). In addition, to find the driving factors that influence the success of behavior change. This research took place in two residential locations, namely RT.15/RW.07 and RT.01/RW.03, North Tanjung Duren Village, Grogol Petamburan District, West Jakarta Administrative City. The research method is descriptive qualitative. Research factors are reinforcing, predisposing, and enabling factors. The results of this study identified differences in the factors driving behavior change in the two research locations. At the location of RT.01/RW.03, there are external stimuli and agents of change (reinforcing factor), cohesiveness in society (predisposing factor), empowerment/independence (enabling factor). In the location of RT.15/RW.07, there are external stimuli and agents of change, while the other two factors are not owned and instead become quite basic differentiators when compared to the first location and there are obstacles in the form of a culture of poverty among the residents of RT.15/RW. 07, which relies more on government assistance, has also colored the contrast in people's awareness of clean and healthy living behavior.
Makna Tradisi Zakat Fitrah (Lawatino Pitaraa) dalam Pembentukan Karakter Kepedulian Sosial Masyarakat Etnik Muna
Authors: Baka Wa Kuasa , Rianse Usman , Jers La Ode Topo , Hermina Sitti , Samsul Samsul , Aris La Ode
Published: March 2024

This research aims (1) to explain the procedure for implementing the tradition of zakat fitrah (known as "lawatino pitaraa") in the Muna ethnic community, and (2) to discover and explain the wisdom and symbolic meanings inherent in the tradition of zakat fitrah's implementation in shaping the character of the Muna ethnic community. This study was conducted in Muna Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The selection of informants was carried out using the snowballing technique. The data collection techniques used were: (1) direct observation, (2) in-depth interviews, and (3) literature study related to zakat fitrah. Qualitative descriptive data analysis was performed on the procedure for implementation and the symbolic meanings of zakat fitrah in the tradition of the Muna ethnic community. The research findings indicate that: (1) The implementation of "lawatino pitaraa" in the Muna ethnic group is led by a "modhi" who functions as the zakat administrator. The main stages of its implementation include: (a) the "muzakki" (the person giving zakat) handing over money according to their zakat obligation or substituting it with rice or corn; (b) the "muzakki" articulating their intention, (c) the "muzakki" grasping the rice or corn, (d) the turn of the zakat administrator to hold the rice or corn while simultaneously blowing on it with intention, (e) the zakat administrator leading a prayer to Allah SWT followed by the "muzakki"; (2) The significance of zakat fitrah's implementation in fostering the social concern character of the Muna ethnic group includes values of honesty/integrity, adherence to principles, surrender, inner peace, and submission to Allah SWT for the forgiveness of sins, purification of wealth, hope for a better future life, health, and longevity, as well as gratitude to Allah SWT. Zakat fitrah represents a social responsibility to create collective happiness among different social, cultural, and economic groups.
Kebertahanan dan Implikasi Tradisi Sinoman Masyarakat Jawa dalam Penguatan Solidaritas Sosial dan Ekonomi Masyarakat Multikultural di Konawe Selatan
Authors: Marhadi Akhmad , Marhini La Ode , Suraya Rahmat Sewa , Rihu Agus , Malik Elmy Selfiana , Saputri Shinta Arjunita
Published: March 2024

This research aims to reveal and to describe the continuation and implication of Javanese community’s sinoman tradition in strengthening social and economic solidarity of multicultural community in Wawoosu village of Konawe Selatan Sub District. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, a research aiming to describe in detail the phenomenon relevant to the objective of research. The result of research shows as follows. 1) Sinoman tradition is a tradition belonging to Javanese community that can exist and survive in multicultural society in Wawoosu and even this tradition becomes a shared tradition to all members of society and a space for expressing solidarity regardless different social status, race, political view, and religion. On the other hand, sinoman tradition also can survive because this tradition can be bequeathed hereditarily to all member of Wawoosu society through internal (family) and external (government’s intervention and show) inheritances. 2) This sinoman tradition has an implication to the strengthened social solidarity in multicultural society due to the shared cultural values of each ethnics living in Wawoosu village and shared challenge faced in the multicultural social-cultural reality and territorial condition. In addition, this tradition has an implication to the community’s strengthened economy because this implementation of tradition aims to relieve the burden of the people organizing sinoman tradition in the form of money, food staple, and other produces relevant to the rationale of sinoman tradition implementation.
PENGARUH PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN BAHTERAMAS TELUK KENDARI TERHADAP KELANCARAN DISTRIBUSI BARANG PT. MITRA INTERTRANS FORWARDING (MIF)
Authors: Anggraini Deni , Kadir Abdul , Putra Adris Ade
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk : (1) Menganalisis pengaruh positif dan signifikan distribusi terhadap Kepuasan pengguna PT Mitra Intertrans Forwarding (MIF) setelah adanya jembatan Bahteramas (2) Menganalisis pengaruh positif dan signifikan transportasi terhadap Kepuasan pengguna PT Mitra Intertrans Forwarding (MIF) setelah adanya jembatan Bahteramas (3) Menganalisis distribusi dan transportasi secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kepuasan pengguna PT Mitra Intertrans Forwarding (MIF) setelah adanya jembatan Bahteramas. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jumlah populasi penelitian sebanyak 20 orang sehingga metode penentuan sampel menggunakan tehnik sampel jenuh yaitu menjadikan semua anggota populasi menjadi sampel. Variabel penelitian adalah distribusi (X1) dan tranportasi (X2) sebagai variabel bebas serta kepuasan pengguna adalah variabel terikat (Y). Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Distribusi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengguna pada taraf α = 5%. Kesimpulan ini mengandung makna bahwa distribusi yang sangat baik memiliki arah yang positif dan nyata dalam meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna setelah adanya jembatan Bahteramas, Transportasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengguna pada taraf α = 5%. Kesimpulan ini mengandung makna bahwa transportasi yang sangat baik memiliki arah yang positif dan nyata dalam meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna setelah adanya jembatan Bahteramas dan Distribusi dan transportasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan secara bersama-sama terhadap kepuasan pengguna pada taraf α = 5%. Kesimpulan diatas dapat dimaknai bahwa distribusi dan transportasi memiliki arah yang positif dan nyata dalam meningkatkan kepuasan pengguna. melalui distribusi yang efektif dalam mengirimkan dan meyalurkan barang ke pengguna setelah adanya jembatan Bahteramas.

Kata Kunci: Distribusi, transportasi dan kepuasan pengguna
Experience Open to Interpretation: US Presidents and Economic Coercion
Authors: Walentek Dawid
Published: March 2024

esearch offers a conflicting account of the effect of economic sanctions on the popularity of political leaders. Yet, literature on beliefs formation signals that leaders may be susceptible to confirmation bias in respect to audience effects of sanctions. In this article, I develop a formal model of behaviour of political leaders in respect to sanctions in an environment where signals are open to interpretation. I test the theory using an event study design and data on approval ratings of US presidents. I observe an anticipation effect for US presidents, with lower approval ratings prior to imposition of economic sanctions.
Design and characterisation of a cell exposure system with high magnetic field homogeneity: RILZ coils
Authors: Rivera González Marco-Xavier , López de Mingo Isabel , Amuneke Ramírez Alexandra , Maestú Unturbe Ceferino
Published: March 2024

In vitro studies requiring controlled exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields employ exposure systems with different geometries and configurations, the Helmholtz configuration being one of the most widely used. This configuration has limitations in the homogeneity of the spatial distribution of the magnetic field intensity values. We present the design, manufacturing, and characterisation of a new coil system, called RILZ configuration, which improves the distribution of magnetic field intensity values in the three dimensions of space for three different heights in comparison with the traditional circular coils in Helmholtz configuration. In addition, a comparative study of the cellular response in CT2A cultures exposed to a magnetic field of 50 Hz and 100 µT for 48 hrs is performed with both exposure systems. The results of the study show reduced values of deviation from the central value of magnetic field intensity using the RILZ coil system. These differences are statistically significant compared to the Helmholtz configuration for the three Cartesian directions: x (p < 0.01), y (p < 0.01), z (p < 0.01). In addition, the intensity values for three different heights are statistically significantly correlated using the RILZ coil system (p < 0.01). The differences in cell behaviour are also statistically significant between the two systems (p < 0.01) and may be directly related to the differences found in the distribution of intensity values between the two systems. This study highlights the importance of the homogeneity of the magnetic field intensity generated by the exposure systems used and offers an effective solution to control the magnetic field exposure parameters in vitro assays.
Experimental and virtual testing of bone-implant systems equipped with the AO Fracture Monitor with regard to interfragmentary movement
Authors: Wickert Kerstin , Roland Michael , Andres Annchristin , Diebels Stefan , Ganse Bergita , Kerner Dorothea , Frenzel Felix , Tschernig Thomas , Ernst Manuela , Windolf Markus , Müller Max , Pohlemann Tim , Orth Marcel
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The management of fractured bones is a key domain within orthopedic trauma surgery, with the prevention of delayed healing and non-unions forming a core challenge. This study evaluates the efficacy of the AO Fracture Monitor in conjunction with biomechanical simulations to better understand the local mechanics of fracture gaps, which is crucial for comprehending mechanotransduction, a key factor in bone healing. Through a series of experiments and corresponding simulations, the study tests four hypotheses to determine the relationship between physical measurements and the predictive power of biomechanical models.

Methods: Employing the AO Fracture Monitor and Digital Image Correlation techniques, the study demonstrates a significant correlation between the surface strain of implants and interfragmentary movements. This provides a foundation for utilizing one-dimensional AO Fracture Monitor measurements to predict three-dimensional fracture behavior, thereby linking mechanical loading with fracture gap dynamics. Moreover, the research establishes that finite element simulations of bone-implant systems can be effectively validated using experimental data, underpinning the accuracy of simulations in replicating physical behaviors.

Results and Discussion: The findings endorse the combined use of monitoring technologies and simulations to infer the local mechanical conditions at the fracture site, offering a potential leap in personalized therapy for bone healing. Clinically, this approach can enhance treatment outcomes by refining the assessment precision in trauma trials, fostering the early detection of healing disturbances, and guiding improvements in future implant design. Ultimately, this study paves the way for more sophisticated patient monitoring and tailored interventions, promising to elevate the standard of care in orthopedic trauma surgery.
A dual RPA-LFD assay for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis
Authors: Liao Chuan , Pan Lele , Tan Meiying , Zhou Zihan , Long Shaoping , Yi Xueli , Li Xuebin , Wei Guijiang , Liang Lina
Published: March 2024

Introduction:Salmonella was one of the most common bacteria that caused foodborne illness, with S. typhimurium (Salmonella typhimurium) and S. enteritidis (Salmonella enteritidis) infections accounting for more than 75% of human salmonella infections.

Methods: In this study, we developed a method of dual recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with a lateral flow dipstick for the rapid detection of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis in clinical specimens (stool).

Results: The entire reaction process, including amplification and result reading, could be completed within 65 min. The detection limits of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis in pure culture samples were 5.23 × 101 CFU/mL and 3.59 × 101 CFU/mL, respectively. The detection limits of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis in artificially contaminated samples were 8.30 × 101 CFU/mL and 2.70 × 102 CFU/mL, respectively. In addition, the method had no cross-reaction with other pathogenic microorganisms. The results in clinical samples were fully consistent with those obtained using Bacterial Analysis Manual, with sensitivity and specificity were 100% (8/8) and 100% (17/17) for S. typhimurium and 100% (4/4) and 100% (21/21) for S. enteritidis, respectively.

Discussion: The detection limits of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis in artificially contaminated samples were higher than those in pure culture samples, which might be attributed to the inherent complex composition of artificially contaminated samples. In addition, the detection limits of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis in the same sample were also different, which might be attributed to different amplification efficiency of two target genes in the same reaction system.

Conclusion: This assay had potential application outdoors, as it could be performed within 1 h at 38°C without a complex instrument, and the results could be observed with the naked eye. In conclusion, the dual RPA-LFD assay established in this study had practical significance for the rapid detection of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis in the future.
Advanced detection of coronary artery disease via deep learning analysis of plasma cytokine data
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Junaid Ahmad , Husnain Ghassan , Qadir Mansoor , Ghadi Yazeed Yasin , Askar S. S. , Abouhawwash Mohamed
Published: March 2024

The 2017 World Health Organization Fact Sheet highlights that coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death globally, responsible for approximately 30% of all deaths. In this context, machine learning (ML) technology is crucial in identifying coronary artery disease, thereby saving lives. ML algorithms can potentially analyze complex patterns and correlations within medical data, enabling early detection and accurate diagnosis of CAD. By leveraging ML technology, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions and implement timely interventions, ultimately leading to improved outcomes and potentially reducing the mortality rate associated with coronary artery disease. Machine learning algorithms create non-invasive, quick, accurate, and economical diagnoses. As a result, machine learning algorithms can be employed to supplement existing approaches or as a forerunner to them. This study shows how to use the CNN classifier and RNN based on the LSTM classifier in deep learning to attain targeted “risk” CAD categorization utilizing an evolving set of 450 cytokine biomarkers that could be used as suggestive solid predictive variables for treatment. The two used classifiers are based on these “45” different cytokine prediction characteristics. The best Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUROC) score achieved is (0.98) for a confidence interval (CI) of 95; the classifier RNN-LSTM used “450” cytokine biomarkers had a great (AUROC) score of 0.99 with a confidence interval of 0.95 the percentage 95, the CNN model containing cytokines received the second best AUROC score (0.92). The RNN-LSTM classifier considerably beats the CNN classifier regarding AUROC scores, as evidenced by a p-value smaller than 7.48 obtained via an independent t-test. As large-scale initiatives to achieve early, rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and accessible individual identification of CAD risk gain traction, robust machine learning algorithms can now augment older methods such as angiography. Incorporating 65 new sensitive cytokine biomarkers can increase early detection even more. Investigating the novel involvement of cytokines in CAD could lead to better risk detection, disease mechanism discovery, and new therapy options.
Game-Based Learning experiences in primary mathematics education
Authors: Debrenti Edith
Published: March 2024

Using game-based learning (GBL), especially digital game-based learning (DGBL), as a teaching and learning environment can be a pedagogical resource and a good strategy in the classroom to support mathematical learning. Effective manipulatives and games play a crucial role in promoting mathematical understanding. They support students in building, reinforcing and connecting varied representations of mathematical concepts. High-quality games are particularly valuable for learners as they provide them with control and adaptability. These games have properties that are adapted to cognitive and mathematical structures, facilitating the development of connections between different pieces and forms of knowledge. Digital games can help to achieve the same effects. In this paper, we conduct a quasi-experiment using games developed for this purpose. Our aim is to investigate whether non-digital games vs. digital games yield different results. Our results indicate that while students enjoyed themselves and found the task-solving enjoyable during both types of game-based learning, the use of non-digital games vs. digital games can sometimes lead to different outcomes.
Closing the gender gap in ICT higher education: exploring women’s motivations in pursuing ICT education
Authors: Kurti Erdelina , Ferati Mexhid , Kalonaityte Viktorija
Published: March 2024

Rapid development of digital technologies has stemmed profound changes in the society, positioning the ICT sector as a key driver and contributor. This sector, including education, is however characterized by a gender gap, which is problematic in the light of the increasing demand for digital competence and the ability to move toward a sustainable egalitarian society. In this study, we argue for a need to explore the concept of ICT in higher education. This involves assessing the success of educational programs in attracting women and exploring the perceptions of female students regarding their academic environment. With a specific focus on Sweden, through a survey involving 82 respondents, we provide evidence on motivations and perceptions of women regarding leading choices on pursuing ICT higher education. We propose a holistic approach to studying gender representation and inclusion in ICT higher education, with a focus on women’s perceptions, experiences, and suggestions.
An improved optical length research on the physical boundary of particle-dispersed fuel
Authors: Liu Pengfei , Chen Yuqing , Li Song , Lou Lei
Published: March 2024

The Volumetric Homogenization Method (VHM) is one of the most commonly used methods for neutronics calculation in reactors or components. However, the use of VHM for the Double-Heterogeneous (DH) System may lead to a large deviation in reactivity calculation. The deviation of DH System using the VHM can be expressed by the theoretically modified optical length. When the theoretically modified optical length is less than 10−4, the deviation caused by the VHM will be less than 100 pcm. This paper points out that the existing theoretically modified optical length for some cases of DH systems is not accurate, and this method is only for pin cell. In this paper, by calculating a series of DH models and their corresponding VHM models, it is found that the water-uranium ratio and the shape of fuel region seriously affects the reactivity calculation deviation of particle-dispersed fuel, the original modified optical length does not take this into account, resulting in unacceptable errors. On this basis, the application of optical length to physical boundaries for DH system is further discussed and the shape correction factor is taken into consideration. Therefore, an improved optical length is proposed, which greatly expands the range of application of the physical boundary judgment methods for the double heterogeneity of dispersed particle fuel. The numerical results show that the accuracy of the improved optical length in defining the physical boundary of double heterogeneous system is higher than the theoretically modified optical length.
Fibroblast heterogeneity and functions: insights from single-cell sequencing in wound healing, breast cancer, ovarian cancer and melanoma
Authors: Lujano Olazaba Omar , Farrow Jeffrey , Monkkonen Teresa
Published: March 2024

Cancer has been described as the wound that does not heal, in large part due to fibroblast involvement. Activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contributes to critical features of the tumor microenvironment, including upregulation of key marker proteins, recruitment of immune cells, and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM)—similar to fibroblast activation in injury-induced wound healing. Prior to the widespread availability of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA seq), studies of CAFs or fibroblasts in wound healing largely relied on models guided by individual fibroblast markers, or methods with less resolution to unravel the heterogeneous nature of CAFs and wound healing fibroblasts (especially regarding scarring outcome). Here, insights from the enhanced resolution provided by scRNA sequencing of fibroblasts in normal wound healing, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and melanoma are discussed. These data have revealed differences in expression of established canonical activation marker genes, epigenetic modifications, fibroblast lineages, new gene and proteins of clinical interest for further experimentation, and novel signaling interactions with other cell types that include spatial information.
Impact of particulate air pollution on airway injury and epithelial plasticity; underlying mechanisms
Authors: Kayalar Özgecan , Rajabi Hadi , Konyalilar Nur , Mortazavi Deniz , Aksoy Gizem Tuşe , Wang Jun , Bayram Hasan
Published: March 2024

Air pollution plays an important role in the mortality and morbidity of chronic airway diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Particulate matter (PM) is a significant fraction of air pollutants, and studies have demonstrated that it can cause airway inflammation and injury. The airway epithelium forms the first barrier of defense against inhaled toxicants, such as PM. Airway epithelial cells clear airways from inhaled irritants and orchestrate the inflammatory response of airways to these irritants by secreting various lipid mediators, growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. Studies suggest that PM plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic airway diseases by impairing mucociliary function, deteriorating epithelial barrier integrity, and inducing the production of inflammatory mediators while modulating the proliferation and death of airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, PM can modulate epithelial plasticity and airway remodeling, which play central roles in asthma and COPD. This review focuses on the effects of PM on airway injury and epithelial plasticity, and the underlying mechanisms involving mucociliary activity, epithelial barrier function, airway inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, mesenchymal-epithelial transition, and airway remodeling.
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic nephropathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yan Shuxiang , Wang Hua , Feng Baiyu , Ye Lin , Chen Anqun
Published: March 2024

Objective

Emerging evidence has provided compelling evidence linking gut microbiota (GM) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) via the “gut-kidney” axis. But the causal relationship between them hasn’t been clarified yet. We perform a Two-Sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to reveal the causal connection with GM and the development of DN, type 1 diabetes nephropathy (T1DN), type 2 diabetes nephropathy (T2DN), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

We used summary data from MiBioGen on 211 GM taxa in 18340 participants. Generalized MR analysis methods were conducted to estimate their causality on risk of DN, T1DN, T2DN, T1DM and T2DM from FinnGen. To ensure the reliability of the findings, a comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses were conducted to confirm the resilience and consistency of the results.

Results

It was showed that Class Verrucomicrobiae [odds ratio (OR) =1.5651, 95%CI:1.1810-2.0742,PFDR=0.0018], Order Verrucomicrobiales (OR=1.5651, 95%CI: 1.1810-2.0742, PFDR=0.0018) and Family Verrucomicrobiaceae (OR=1.3956, 95%CI:1.0336-1.8844, PFDR=0.0296) had significant risk of DN. Our analysis found significant associations between GM and T2DN, including Class Verrucomimicrobiae (OR=1.8227, 95% CI: 1.2414-2.6763, PFDR=0.0139), Order Verrucomimicrobiae (OR=1.5651, 95% CI: 1.8227-2.6764, PFDR=0.0024), Rhodospirillales (OR=1.8226, 95% CI: 1.2412-2.6763, PFDR=0.0026), and Family Verrucomicroniaceae (OR=1.8226, 95% CI: 1.2412-2.6763, PFDR=0.0083). The Eubacteriumprotogenes (OR=0.4076, 95% CI: 0.2415-0.6882, PFDR=0.0021) exhibited a protection against T1DN. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that there was no significant heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Conclusions

At the gene prediction level, we identified the specific GM that is causally linked to DN in both T1DM and T2DM patients. Moreover, we identified distinct microbial changes in T1DN that differed from those seen in T2DN, offering valuable insights into GM signatures associated with subtype of nephropathy.
Neutrophils isolated from systemic lupus erythematosus patients exhibit a distinct functional phenotype
Authors: Jog Neelakshi R. , Wagner Catriona A. , Aberle Teresa , Chakravarty Eliza F. , Arriens Cristina , Guthridge Joel M. , James Judith A.
Published: March 2024

Neutrophil dysregulation, particularly of a low-density subset, is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the exact role of normal-density neutrophils in SLE remains unknown. This study compares activation and functional phenotypes of neutrophils from SLE patients and healthy controls to determine potential contributions to SLE pathogenesis. Surface activation markers and release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), granule proteins, and cytokines/chemokines were measured in resting and stimulated neutrophils from SLE patients (n=19) and healthy controls (n=10). Select miRNA and mRNA involved in neutrophil development and function were also measured. Resting SLE neutrophils exhibited fewer activation markers compared to control neutrophils, and activation markers were associated with different plasma cytokines/chemokines in SLE patients compared to healthy controls. However, activation markers increased similarly in SLE and control neutrophils following stimulation with a TLR7/8 agonist, neutrophil growth factors, and bacterial mimic. At the resting state, SLE neutrophils produced significantly more CXCL10 (IP-10), with trends toward other increased cytokines/chemokines. Following stimulation, SLE neutrophils produced fewer NETs and proinflammatory cytokines compared to control neutrophils but more MMP-8. In addition, SLE neutrophils expressed less miR130a, miR132, miR27a, and miR223. In conclusion, SLE neutrophils exhibit distinct functional responses compared to control neutrophils. These functional differences may result from differential gene expression via miRNAs. Furthermore, the differences in functional phenotype of SLE neutrophils suggest that they may contribute to SLE differently dependent on the inflammatory milieu.
Biomarkers and computational models for predicting efficacy to tumor ICI immunotherapy
Authors: Qin Yurong , Huo Miaozhe , Liu Xingwu , Li Shuai Cheng
Published: March 2024

Numerous studies have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy has great potential as a cancer treatment, leading to significant clinical improvements in numerous cases. However, it benefits a minority of patients, underscoring the importance of discovering reliable biomarkers that can be used to screen for potential beneficiaries and ultimately reduce the risk of overtreatment. Our comprehensive review focuses on the latest advancements in predictive biomarkers for ICI therapy, particularly emphasizing those that enhance the efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors immunotherapies. We explore biomarkers derived from various sources, including tumor cells, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), body fluids, gut microbes, and metabolites. Among them, tumor cells-derived biomarkers include tumor mutational burden (TMB) biomarker, tumor neoantigen burden (TNB) biomarker, microsatellite instability (MSI) biomarker, PD-L1 expression biomarker, mutated gene biomarkers in pathways, and epigenetic biomarkers. TIME-derived biomarkers include immune landscape of TIME biomarkers, inhibitory checkpoints biomarkers, and immune repertoire biomarkers. We also discuss various techniques used to detect and assess these biomarkers, detailing their respective datasets, strengths, weaknesses, and evaluative metrics. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive review of computer models for predicting the response to ICI therapy. The computer models include knowledge-based mechanistic models and data-based machine learning (ML) models. Among the knowledge-based mechanistic models are pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models, partial differential equation (PDE) models, signal networks-based models, quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) models, and agent-based models (ABMs). ML models include linear regression models, logistic regression models, support vector machine (SVM)/random forest/extra trees/k-nearest neighbors (KNN) models, artificial neural network (ANN) and deep learning models. Additionally, there are hybrid models of systems biology and ML. We summarized the details of these models, outlining the datasets they utilize, their evaluation methods/metrics, and their respective strengths and limitations. By summarizing the major advances in the research on predictive biomarkers and computer models for the therapeutic effect and clinical utility of tumor ICI, we aim to assist researchers in choosing appropriate biomarkers or computer models for research exploration and help clinicians conduct precision medicine by selecting the best biomarkers.
Oil Droplet Capture and Ingestion by Filter-Feeding Sabellid and Serpulid Polychaetes
Authors: Beaudry Katherine , Cameron Christopher B.
Published: March 2024

Benthic filter-feeders form an essential role in marine food chains as they constitute the bridge between the microscopic primary producers and the consumers. Although filter-feeders mainly feed on solid particles, they also capture and ingest oil droplets. Usually, these microdroplets come from the decomposition of animals or algae or from petroleum oils that enter water via spills and leakages. Here, we used videography, TRITC fluorescence microscopy, and fluid mechanics to study the capture mechanisms of canola, fish, and four petroleum motor oil droplets by the filter feeding sabellid and a serpulid polychaetes. Schizobranchia insignis, Eudistylia vancouveri, Myxicola infundibulum and Serpula columbiana actively feed on waste motor oil droplets in seawater. A further experiment found that S. insignis fed on all types of oil droplets, demonstrating no selectivity based on type. The oil droplet capture mechanism of S. insignis were direct interception and sieving, like that of solid particles. The size range of droplets ingested was 10 to 300 µm in diameter, but these ranges differed depending on the density and viscosity of the oils. Higher density and viscous oils were captured at smaller droplet sizes. These results are the first to characterize the mechanics of oil droplet capture, transport and ingestion by benthic ciliary filter feeders, and contribute to understanding the behavior of animals in response to oil emulsions, and how oils enter marine food webs.
Ultrasound radiomics-based artificial intelligence model to assist in the differential diagnosis of ovarian endometrioma and ovarian dermoid cyst
Authors: Liu Lu , Cai Wenjun , Zhou Chenyang , Tian Hongyan , Wu Beibei , Zhang Jing , Yue Guanghui , Hao Yi
Published: March 2024

Background

Accurately differentiating between ovarian endometrioma and ovarian dermoid cyst is of clinical significance. However, the ultrasound appearance of these two diseases is variable, occasionally causing confusion and overlap with each other. This study aimed to develop a diagnostic classification model based on ultrasound radiomics to intelligently distinguish and diagnose the two diseases.

Methods

We collected ovarian ultrasound images from participants diagnosed as patients with ovarian endometrioma or ovarian dermoid cyst. Feature extraction and selection were performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman correlation analysis, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. We then input the final features into the machine learning classifiers for model construction. A nomogram was established by combining the radiomic signature and clinical signature.

Results

A total of 407 participants with 407 lesions were included and categorized into the ovarian endometriomas group (n = 200) and the dermoid cyst group (n = 207). In the test cohort, Logistic Regression (LR) achieved the highest area under curve (AUC) value (0.981, 95% CI: 0.963−1.000), the highest accuracy (94.8%), and the highest sensitivity (95.5%), while LightGBM achieved the highest specificity (97.1%). A nomogram incorporating both clinical features and radiomic features achieved the highest level of performance (AUC: 0.987, 95% CI: 0.967−1.000, accuracy: 95.1%, sensitivity: 88.0%, specificity: 100.0%, PPV: 100.0%, NPV: 88.0%, precision: 93.6%). No statistical difference in diagnostic performance was observed between the radiomic model and the nomogram (P > 0.05). The diagnostic indexes of radiomic model were comparable to that of senior radiologists and superior to that of junior radiologist. The diagnostic performance of junior radiologists significantly improved with the assistance of the model.

Conclusion

This ultrasound radiomics-based model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared to those of junior radiologists and comparable diagnostic performance to those of senior radiologists, and it has the potential to enhance the diagnostic performance of junior radiologists.