bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Economic Burden on State Exchequer by Using Various International Legal Flexibilities under TRIPS Agreement 1994 of WTO
Authors: Khan Muhammad Danyal , Habib Rao Imran , Safdar Muhammad Asif
Published: September 2018

Revised format: May 2018 AvailableOnline: June 2018 During budget year 2016-17, public spending on procurement of medicines in Pakistan surged 29% touching an exorbitant figure of PKR 7.5 billion (Health Budget, 2016-17)Volume of provincial expenditure on medicine almost doubled rising to PKR 1.02 billion from 0.67 billion in last budget year 2015-16. Growing sum of public spending on medicine procurement has many factors such as poverty, money devaluation, indigenous production incapacity, and less developed standards of research and development. Apart from all enumerated above, global pharmaceutical patent protection regime under TRIPS Agreement, initiated by WTO, plays a pivotal role increasing public spending on procurement of medicines in developed and least developed countries. This work presents ways for reducing economic burden on state exchequer by exploiting maximum possible flexibilities under WTO regime to procure cost effective medicines. The work will be done in three parts; explaining Pakistan role and status in global pharmaceutical patent protection regime, existing challenges, and potentials for the country to save public spending on health using international legal agreements under WTO
Investigating the Influence of Shareholder Mechanisms on the Perceived Performance of Listed Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Nuhu Mohammed , Rogo Halilu Bello , Danladi Mohammed Umar
Published: September 2018

The current debate on the issues of shareholder rights to firm performance has grown as a topic of research both in the developed and emerging economy. There is serious concern regarding the effectiveness of the board transparency and accountability, company image and the rights of the shareholders in recent times. This paper investigated the influence of shareholders mechanisms on the perceived performance of listed firms in Nigeria. The study is guided byagency theory and supported by the stewardship theory. The questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. 247 questionnaires were administered with 117 duly completed and returned. Hence, the number of completed valid questionnairesis 114. However, data were analysed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Empirical findings showed that board transparency/accountability and shareholder right were significantly and positively related to perceived firm performance. Whilethe company image did not show any significant link to perceived firm performance.Hence, based on the researches knowledge, this is the first of its kind to adopt primary data to investigate the influence of shareholders’ rights mechanisms on the perceived performance of listed firms in Nigeria. Therefore, the findings of this study,provide researchers, policymakers, firms, stakeholders, and the agencies of the government with a better picture of the transparency and accountability and the right of the shareholder. The study recommends that listed firms in Nigeria should adhere to professional ethics and best business practices such as financial prudence and accountability to their board of directors.
Human Capital, Governance and Poverty Reduction: A Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Ahmad Rashid , Bashir Furrukh , Hussain Altaf
Published: September 2018

The objectives of the study are to examine the influence of Human Capital and Governance on Poverty. For this purpose, the study considers 44 developing countries and chooses time span from 2004 to 2017. The data on all variables are collected through World Development Indicators. The study utilized the index for human capital and three governance indicators i.e. Political Governance, Economic Governance and Institutional Governance developed by World Bank Organization. Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) is employed on the panel data for estimation of Econometric results. The results conclude that Human Capital and High Technology Exports are found to be significant causes of reduction in Poverty in Developing countries. Moreover, not only Political Governance, Institutional Governance, Economic Governance but also Overall Governance are reducing poverty in developing countries. Gross Fixed Capital formation and Trade Openness are found to be statistically insignificant. On the other side, Savings for Natural Resource Depletion is examined as increasing poverty in developing countries.
Gender Inequality in Education and Household Poverty in Pakistan: A Case of Multan District
Authors: Rahman Saeedur , Chaudhry Imran Sharif , Farooq Fatima
Published: September 2018

Present study is intended to explore the impact of gender inequality in education on poverty by employing logistic regression on primary source of data collected through a field survey of Multan district. The study concluded that gender inequality in education has adverse impact on household poverty. The probability of household poverty falls with the increase in female-male primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment. The improvement in female-male literacy ratio also rejects probability of a household being poor. Household size and number of children less than five years age have positive association with probability of poverty while the variables, qualification of household head, age of household, professional or technical skills of household head and ownership of house are negatively associated with household poverty. The study suggested that eliminating gender inequality in education in all level may be helpful in empowering women, creating productive employment opportunities in both formal and informal sectors and alleviating poverty.
Pengaruh Entrepreneurship Education Terhadap Entrepreneurial Intention Melalui Entrepreneurial Motivation Sebagai Mediasi Pada Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Di Surabaya
Authors: Indriyani Ratih
Published: September 2018

Entrepreneurship education has an important role  throughout all education level, especially in the college , which its purpose to create a young generation of entrepreneur in the future.The purpose of this study were to analyze the influence of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention, the influence of Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Motivation, and  the influence of Entrepreneurial Intention toward Entrepreneurial Motivation. This study also investigates the mediating role of Entrepreneurial Motivation, related to entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions.The data analysis technique of this research was SEM, using smart software PLS (Partial Least Square). This study conducted on 150 private university students in Surabaya. The sampling method used in this research was non probability sampling with consecutive sampling method. The results showed that entrepreneurship education significantly influenced entrepreneurial intention with T-Statistic 2,020602, while entrepreneurship education had significant influence on entrepreneurial motivation with T-statistic 3,972756. The other results showed that entrepreneurial motivation had significant influence on entrepreneurial intention with T-statistic 3,651692. The results of the study showed that entrepreneurial motivation was not able to mediate the influence of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention.
Perancangan Dan Pengukuran Sistem Kinerja Lingkungan Untuk Mendukung Proper Pada Industri Gas
Authors: Wulandari Anindita Etri , Vanany Iwan
Published: September 2018

Globalization effect and technology development which is accompanied by economic activity that involving the use of natural resources has created environmental issue in the oil and gas company. The issue of the environment is currently the main focus in improving concern for the environment and the improvement of the environmental performance of their company. PT X is a one of government company who has focus in midstream sector and downstream of gas industry in Indonesia has a role in gas trading, transportation, process and distribution. PT. X managing the gas transmission infrastructure in West and East Java, South and North Sumatra, Aceh and East Kalimantan. PT. X has mission to increase environmental performance through environmental friendly production process and reliable brand image. To accomplish their mission, these companies use ISO 14001: 2015 Environmental Management System and environmental company rating program (PROPER) as tools for environment performance evaluation but for measurement of the environmental performance, but PT X does not have the key of environment performance indicators (KEPI). Then, the result of KEPI identification used to design of the environmental performance system, which using methods for measurement such as Integrated Environment Performance Measurement System (IEPMS), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Objective matrix (OMAX). Based on this research, there are 70 KEPI consisting of 51 KEPI quantitative and 19 KEPI qualitative. Total value of environment performance in PT. X is 5.86, which is categorized into yellow color which means the company needs intensive controlling and evaluating to increase the company environment performance.
Determinant Harga Saham Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Hidayat Achmad Nizar , Isbanah Yuyun
Published: September 2018

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of debt ratio, size, earnings per share, dividend policy, and money supply to stock price in mining Sector Company listed in Indonesia stock exchange period 2011-2015. This research uses the type of causality research and the data used is secondary data. Sampling technique by purposive sampling and obtained by eight companies as research object. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results show the debt ratio, size, earnings per share, dividend payout ratio, and dividend yield effect on stock prices of mining companies. While the money supply does not affect to stock price of mining companies. The recommendation of this research is that company need to consider debt ratio, size, earnings per share, dividend payout ratio and dividend yield in making company policy, because can affect stock price movement of company and become an alternative investment decision-making for investors.
Loyalitas Pelanggan : Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada Rumah Sakit Umum Syaiful Anwar Malang
Authors: Isbandono Prasetyo
Published: September 2018

Hospital is one of government institution have responsibility to serve public healt. To reach that purpose, this institution must be increase services betterto creted costumer satisfaction. Hypotesis on this research ; 1) To know direct real influence Services Quality (Tanggible, Reliabiity, Responsiveness, Assurance and Emphaty) and Costumer Satisfaction to costumer Loyality, 2) To know Costumer Satisfaction as intervening variable between Services Quality and Costumer Loyality. Location on this research is Rumah Sakit Syaiful Anwar Malang. This research used explanatory research with survey approach.. Analisys Methode used Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) 4.0 version. The finding reported here reveal that there are 1) Services Quality have positive infuences with Costumer Loyality, 2) Services Quality  have positive infuences with Costumer Satisfaction, 3) Costume Satisfaction are positive intervening variable between Sevices Quality and Costumer Loyality.
Analisis Kinerja Reksa Dana yang Terdaftar di Bapepam Menurut Metode Risk Adjusted Return
Authors: ASANDIMITRA NADIA , LUMAELA NURUL RIZQIA V.
Published: September 2018

Mutual Fund is one investment instruments, especially for small scale investor who doesn’t have many time and expertise to calculate the risk over their investment. Because through mutual fund, an investor could reliance his fund to be managed by investor management in which to be diversified broadly in order to give business advantage for the investor. Mutual fund fixed revenue is accumulative society fund which is invested in to encumber, generally in form of obligation. Mutual fund share is accumulative fund which is invested in to the combination between encumber and share with allocation that cannot be categorized in to mutual fund money market, mutual fund fix revenue, and mutual fund share. Performance analysis method for mutual fund can use risk adjusted return method, because performance measurement not only evaluated from the amount of mutual fund but also the risk that involved on it. Result of performance analysis of mutual fund in Indonesia, in year evaluated between 2004 – 2007 can be described as follows in general, mutual fund performance according to  Sharpe, Treynor, Jensen methods shows that in under perform position, only in 2004, 2005,2006 according to Jensen and Treynor methods shows that Schorder Prestasi Plus, Capital TRIM and  Fortis Pesona who has out perform position. Mutual fund performance that in under performance offer 2004 – 2007 was caused by highly return risk free condition in Indonesia. Lack of knowledge of Indonesian investor about mutual fund was the main problem.
Analisis Service Quality terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada PDAM Kota Surabaya
Authors: SUDAPET NYOMAN
Published: September 2018

Objective of this research is to analysis the affect of responsiveness, assurance, tangible, empathy and reliability due to Surabaya PDAM consumer's satisfaction. The sample observed was all of the Surabaya PDAM customers at about 60 respondents, with simple random sampling. Measurement device used to measure service quality is gap analysts, multiple regression, T-test, F-test, determination coefficients, normality test, multicoliniarity test and heterokedastisity test. Based on gap analysis results, the dimension of responsiveness and empathy are having a positive gap, means that the service quality of Surabaya PDAM is already meet the customers satisfaction, but in the insurance, tangible and reliability are having negative gap, means that customers hope due to the service of Surabaya PDAM is higher than service accepted by the customers, from the quality service dimension regression test that is responsiveness, assurance, tangible, empathy, and reliability are having positive significant effect on customer satisfaction of Surabaya PDAM showed that hypothesis with the biggest affection is responsiveness variable, then empathy, tangible, assurance, and reliability, from T-test it was obtained responsiveness variables, empathy with significant number at 1% and assurance, tangible, reliability, are significant at 5%, fount = 19.140 with confidential interval 99% or n= 0,01 by entering service quality variable, this model is fit. Determination coefficient number showed 63,9% customer satisfaction variable variation can be explained by the variable from service quality dimension. Classical assumption test showed that data range is normal and do not showed multicolinearity and heterokedastisity test
Pengaruh Store Image terhadap Persepsi Kualitas Private Label Carrefour “Paling Murah” di Carrefour Golden City Mall Surabaya
Authors: PRAMESTYA INGE YUNITA , WIDYASTUTI WIDYASTUTI
Published: September 2018

Today the world has witness the birth of many retailers, it also making more and more private label are available that issues by the retailer itself. Because of that, the private label as the brand owned by a retailer is always connected to the Store Image of that retailer. In order to increase the quality of the private label, therefore the shop has to focus to increase the image from its store. The Store Image is depicted as the complex consumer’s perceptions from the different attributes or distinctive from a store. The Store Image itself is consisted of Service, Convenience, Quality, Selection/Variety, Price and Atmosphere. This research will be focuses on the influence of the store image against the quality of Carrefour private label “Paling Murah” by the customers at Golden City Mall Carrefour Surabaya. The type of this research is a conclusive study uses causal research. The population of this study were men and women at least 17 years of age. The sample in this study are the customers of Golden City Mall Carrefour Surabaya that knowing Carrefour private label “Paling Murah” as many as 115 respondents. Non probability sampling  technique  using  Purposive sampling way is used to determine the sample of this research. The data of this research analized by multiple linier regression analysis. The result of this research shows coefficient of determination 0,68, it means that there is an influence variable independent to dependent variable equal to 68% and the rest of 32% influenced by other variables outside this research. The most dominant variable in this research is brand awareness variable by t value of 6,109.
Dampak Rasio Keuangan terhadap Kebijakan Deviden
Authors: PURWANTI DWI , SAWITRI PENI
Published: September 2018

Dividends are important for companies because it is associated with an appropriate allocation of income of the company's growth and prosperity so that shareholders can be assured. This study aims to analyze the effect on financial ratios, dividend payout ratio by five independent variables (Earning Per Share, Debt To Equity Ratio, Price Book Value, Return On Investment, and Total Asset Turn Over). Sampling method used was purposive random sampling. Analysis tool used is multiple linear regression and hypothesis testing using t test and f. Sample who is 14 companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange during the five year period 2005 to 2009. The results showed that the Debt To Equity Ratio (DER), Return On Investment (ROI) and Total Asset Turn Over (tattoo) effect on cash dividends in the companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange, while Earning Per Share (EPS) and Price Book Value (PBV) has no effect on Cash Devidend. While jointly (simultaneously), the fifth variable is Earnings Per Share, Debt to Equity Ratio, Price Book Value, Return On Investment, Total Assets Cash Turn Over striving affect dividend. Allows no variables that have a dominant influence on Devidend Payout Ratio (DPR). This is because the global economic crisis
Perbandingan Kinerja Keuangan PT. HM Sampoerna Tbk Sebelum dan Sesudah Akuisisi Menggunakan Metode Financial Value Added (FVA) dan Market Value Added (MVA)
Authors: NURDIANTO TRI HERI
Published: September 2018

Financial performance measurement within companies is very essential to make a policy about evaluation process of a company. Most research about company's financial performance in the past was measured by traditional accounting methods (financial ratios). Unfortunately, financial performance measurement using accounting method has a weakness for ignoring the cost of capital invested by investors. Financial Value Added (FVA) method is a measure of financial performance of companies that aims to evaluate financial value of the company, while the Market Value Added (MVA) method is a measure of financial performance of companies that aims to identify the value added of companies by analyzing the external conditions. This research was conducted to compare financial performance before and after acquisition using FVA and MVA. The data is processed using the program Microsoft office excel 2007.  The results of this study implies, that there are differences in financial performance as measured by the method of FVA and MV. It was shown that the average value of FVA after the acquisition is greater than value of FVA before the acquisition, while the average value after the acquisition of MVA is greater than MVA before the acquisition. The result shows different conclusion between the FVA and the MVA, because there are differences approach about those two measurements.FVA is a method to measure financial performance which is influenced by sales and money invested by the company. The more money invested by the company, the value of FVA become smaller. On the contrary, MVA is a method to measure financial performance which is influenced by a company's stock price. The higher closing price of a company, the bigger MVA
Pengaruh Kompetensi dan Motivasi Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di PT. Inti Kebun Sejahtera
Authors: SUTEDJO ADJI SIGIT , MANGKUNEGARA ANWAR PRABU
Published: September 2018

This research aims to identify and analyze the influence of Competence and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at PT. Inti Kebun Sejahtera located in Sorong - West Papua. This study uses a quantitative approach with causality analysis, sampling techniques using Propotionate Stratified Random Sampling of 155 respondents from each of the areas of work, namely Planting Group (planting, survey), Upkeep Group (Fertilization, Spraying and Slashing) and Harvesting Group (Harvest, Fruit Loose Collection, and Prunning). The result that the values of multiple regression in this study is Y = 7.280 + 0.437 X1 + 0.530 X2 + e. the results of this study indicate that partial and simultaneous, variable Competence and Work Motivation has positive influence and significant impact on Employee Performance of Contractor Workers in PT. Inti Kebun Sejahtera. It is evident from the results of the partial test (t test) Competency variable is 3.111 with significant value of 0.002, then the value of the variable Work Motivation t test was 4.569 with significant value of 0.000). Then the results of the simultaneous test (F test) variable Competence and Work Motivation is 156.911 with a significant value of 0.000.
Determinan Keberhasilan Turnaround pada Perusahaan yang Mengalami Financial Distress
Authors: Lestari Rizki Dwi , Triani Ni Nyoman Alit
Published: September 2018

This study aims to determine the factor that influence the succes of the turnaround firm experiencing financial disstres. These factor are profitability ratio, severity, free assets, size, downsizing, and CEO turnover. The sample used in this study is a non-financial companies listed on IDX 2008-2012 period, which had financial disstres in 2008-2009 as many as 60 companies. Financial disstres company’s was measured using the Altman Z-score. The data analysis technique used logistic regression. The research results indicate the accuracy level is 76,7%. Partially profitability ratio and size influence on success of the turnaround. Severity, free assets, downsizing, and CEO turnover does not influence on the success of the turnaround. While simultaneously profitability ratio, severity, free assets, size, downsizing, and CEO turnover influence on the success of the company’s turnaround.
Pemetaan Kompetensi untuk Pengembangan Penilaian Kinerja Berbasis Kompetensi di Unit Kerja Perawatan Intensif (ICU) Rumah Sakit Adi Husada Kapasari Surabaya
Authors: Utomo Widodo Dwi , Suryanto Suryanto , Suaedi Falih
Published: September 2018

Adi Husada Kapasari Hospital is one of the companies that is engaged in the field of health care services which prioritize the development of human resources to achieve strategic objectives of the company. Relating to the company's priorities, Adi Husada Kapasari Hospital require a good performance appraisal systems, including for employee of Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The Development of a competency-based performance appraisal is one of the alternatives to evaluate employees performance objectively. Competency-based performance appraisal performance appraisal is based on the competencies that is needed in order to make the job can be implemented effectively which the  criterias of the assessment obtained from the job descriptions and the job specifications. In other words, a competency-based performance appraisal want to connect whether the competency of an employee can meet the demands of a position or a job, so it can be performed well. The Competency mapping which conducted in the job analysis successfully identified a number of competencies of each position in the intensive care unit, which divided into core competencies, general competencies , and specific competencies. The combination of three kinds of competence is referred to as the competency profile. The Competency profile of each position becomes the performance assessment criteria that will be used to evaluate performance each of the incumbent.
Internet Protocol Version 6: Dead or Alive?
Authors: Maheshwari Sumit , Martin Richard
Published: September 2018

Internet Protocol (IP) is the narrow waist of multilayered Internet protocol stack which defines the rules for data sent across networks. IPv4 is the fourth version of IP and first commercially available for deployment set by ARPANET in 1983 which is a 32 bit long address and can support up to 2^32 devices. In April 2017, all Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) confirmed that IPv4 addresses are exhausted and cannot be allocated anymore implying any new organization requesting a block of Internet addresses will be allocated IPv6. This creates troubles of interoperability, migration and deployment, and therefore organizations hesitated to use IPv6 borrowing IPv4 addresses from other big organizations instead. Currently, when IPv4 is not available, and IPv6 is not adopted for around 20 years, the question arises whether IPv6 will still be accepted by the computer society or will it have an end of life soon with alternate better protocol such as ID based networks taking its place. This paper claims that IPv6 has lost its deployment window and can be safely skipped when new ID based protocols are available which not only have simple interoperability, deployment and migration guidelines but also provide advanced features as compared to IPv6. The paper provides answers to these questions with a comprehensive comparison of IPv6 with its available alternatives and reasons of IPv6 failures in its adoption. Finally, the paper declares IPv6 as a dead protocol and suggests to use newer available protocols in future.
Investigation of The Effects of Organic Matter Application on Soil Compaction
Authors: Shahgholı Gholamhossein , Janatkhah Javad
Published: September 2018

One of the problems,
farmers suffer in recent decade, is soil
compaction. Different parameters such as soil texture, moisture, soil organic
matter, and machine weight and machine traffic affect soil compaction. These
parameters should be managed to prevent soil compaction. In this research, the
effects of sheep manure and vermicompost with 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8% levels were
investigated on compaction of loam and clay loam soils using standard Proctor
test at moisture content under the critical moisture. Tests were arranged as a
complete randomized factorial experimental design with three replications. The
SPSS.17 software was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that all
application levels of both organic matters had significant effects on decrease
in soil compaction. Application of 8% organic matter decreased soil compaction
by 9.25%. Organic matter application into the soil decreased critical moisture
linearly. Organic matter application was more effective on clay loam soil than
loam soil, especially at higher levels of 6 and 8%. At lower application levels
of 2 and 4%, vermicompost was more effective on soil compaction than manure;
however at higher level of 6 and 8 % , manure was more effective in decreasing
soil compaction. The lowest bulk density of 1.48 gr cm-3 was
obtained with adding 8% of organic matter which decreased soil compaction by
10% in comparison with the treatment without organic matter.
Muğla ilinde küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğinin yapısal özellikleri
Authors: AYDIN Mustafa Kemal , KESKİN Mahmut
Published: September 2018

Bu
çalışmada, Muğla ili genelinde koyun ve keçi yetiştiriciliğinin mevcut yapısının
ve sorunlarının tespiti ile çözüm önerileri geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Çalışmada her bir tür için (koyun ve keçi) bütün ilçeleri kapsayacak şekilde
50’şer adet anket yapılmıştır. Anketler SPSS paket programı ile
değerlendirilmiş ve frekans tabloları oluşturulmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre
bölgede küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliğinin genellikle orta yaş ve üzeri
yetiştiriciler tarafından yapıldığı ve yetiştiricilerin eğitim seviyesinin
genellikle yetersiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bölgede genellikle koyun yetiştiriciliğinde
en fazla Merinos ve Sakız ırkları ile melezlerinin, keçi yetiştiriciliğinde Kıl
keçilerinin tercih edildiği görülmektedir. Koyun ve keçi yetiştiricileri hayvan
beslemede meraya ilave olarak bir miktar ek yemleme yapmaktadırlar.
Yetiştiriciler özellikle süt satışı konusunda ürün pazarlama, meraların
yetersizliği, hayvan sağlığı ve nitelikli damızlık temininde sorunları olduğunu
belirtmektedirler.
Comportamento dos Consumidores de Produtos Falsificados: Por Que Compram Esse Tipo de Produto?
Authors: Gonçalves Vinicius Duarte , Paula Renata Céli Moreira da Silva
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar os principais fatores que motivam os consumidores a comprar produtos falsificados. Os dados do estudo foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com 15 consumidores de produtos falsificados moradores dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo. As entrevistas foram guiadas por um roteiro semiestruturado de perguntas. Os resultados mostraram que os principais bens falsificados consumidos pelos entrevistados são acessórios (óculos, relógios, bolsas), roupas e calçados. Os resultados apontaram que a principal motivação para a compra desses itens é o preço mais baixo. Porém, é possível perceber também uma valorização da marca, pois eles compram produtos falsificados de marcas específicas e não produtos genéricos. Eles veem como uma vantagem comprar um produto falsificado de determinada marca por um preço mais baixo, já que pode produzir um efeito semelhante ao produto original. O local em que compram esses produtos varia desde sites até comércio de rua ou diretamente com vendedores. Apesar de relatarem que assumem sem problema que utilizam produtos falsificados, eles demonstraram que só o fazem quando alguém pergunta ou a ocasião permite um comentário desse tipo. Caso contrário, ficam quietos e deixam passar despercebido.
LA INFANCIA COMO LUGAR DE INCOMODIDAD EN MI NINA, DE GUSTAVO BERNARDO
Authors: Afonso Ana Lidia da Silva
Published: September 2018

RESUMEN: Narrativa con muchos vacíos a ser suplidos, esperando "que el lector descubra sus propias proyecciones", según entendimiento de Wolfgang Iser, la novela Me nina nos ofrece ejercicio constante de estímulo a la imaginación. De tantas cuestiones que surgen a lo largo del relato son las que envuelven el (los) narrador (s) que más nos llaman la atención. La superposición de voces narrativas abre al lector la posibilidad de ver los hechos a través de varias perspectivas que, lejos de constituirse como zonas de confort, hacen del texto una ficción escéptica. Los narradores asumen un papel fundamental para dar cuenta de que la trayectoria del personaje Timo está marcada por la imposibilidad. Texto de fruición, según las ideas de Roland Barthes, la narrativa nos ponen en estado de pérdida e incomodidad, firmándose como lectura deseante y en constante devenir.
TUDO IGUAL
Authors: Cavalcante Kelly Gomes
Published: September 2018

Crônica urbana. Diz respeito à observação do período pós revitalização da orla da Praia da Ponta Negra em 2016 na cidade de Manaus, a vida, as pessoas, os passeios, o meio, a convivência.
UM OLHAR PARA A QUESTÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA EM LUUANDA, DE LUANDINO VIEIRA
Authors: Vasques Castro Dantas Priscila
Published: September 2018

Este artigo pretende lançar um olhar para o modo como Luandino Vieira constrói a narrativa de Luuanda a partir de uma perspectiva de resistência, de diversos modos. O cotidiano dos habitantes dos musseques luandenses, de uma realidade tão dura e crescentemente desesperançada e cruel, é retratado na ficção Luuanda de um modo bastante peculiar, especialmente se considerado o contexto em que a obra foi escrita: o período da ditadura salazarista. Para tratar dessa questão, chamo ao texto as vozes de Michel Foucault (1986; 2000), Homi Bhabha (1998) e Gayatri Spivak (2010). Destaco ainda algumas falas de Tânia Macêdo (2016), Maria de Nazareth Fonseca (2015) e Andréa Ferreira e Generosa Souto (2013).
DEUSAS USURPADAS
Authors: Dos Santos Jandir Silva
Published: September 2018

Em Um rio chamado tempo, uma casa chamada terra (2003), Mia Couto discute questões como ancestralidade e identidade cultural, mas só as torna acessíveis por meio da descoberta de suas personagens femininas, da investigação de suas histórias como a entrada para os mistérios do clã dos Malilanes e da Ilha de Luar-do-Chão, conferindo-lhes o papel que outrora lhes fora usurpado pelo advento do patriarcado. Além de procurar entender por meio de autores como Krüger (2003) e Prandi (2001) de que forma a mulher, antes uma figura central nas narrativas tradicionais, acaba despojada em favor da ascensão masculina, esta pesquisa recorre aos estudos de Santos (2015) e Daibert (2015) para realizar uma leitura da atuação feminina em Um rio, e de que forma a cultura africana de tradição banta e a pós-colonização refletem na atitude da mulher moçambicana contemporânea que procura romper com os grilhões de uma tradição patriarcal.
O SUBALTERNO E A ESCRITA DE PRISÃO NA OBRA MEMÓRIAS DE UM SOBREVIVENTE DE LUIZ ALBERTO MENDES
Authors: Cantalice Neto Abdias Correia de
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo analisa na obra Memórias de um sobrevivente, de Luiz Alberto Mendes, a escrita de si, que resultando de uma escrita autobiográfica produzida sobre a experiência de cárcere, se coloca na condição de literatura testemunhal e sua condição de subalterno.  A obra traz elementos da memória e da história de vida do próprio autor, narrando momentos de fortes relações de subalternidades e da construção do sujeito da voz. Abordaremos nuanças da memória e da subalternidade, adotando uma nova nomenclatura: a dupla subalternidade, por se tratar de um escritor pobre, portanto subalterno, e um escritor na condição de preso, ou seja, duplo subalterno. O presente estudo abordará ainda a resistência ao discurso dominante através da voz de um escritor preso. Trago questões sobre a multidão e o que o preso representa dentre os muitos na construção do espaço e do discurso. Aborda-se a questão da subalternidade e o posicionamento do escritor pobre e preso, diante desta performance do subalterno. Portanto, tenta-se adequar o conceito de obra literária produzida na prisão com o conceito de literatura de multidão. Escrita de muitos. Posicionamento e reposicionamento do sujeito da voz como subalterno no campo literário.
O PÓS-MODERNISMO NA LITERATURA BRASILEIRA:
Authors: Mourão Alexandre Guedes , Morais Guedes Maria Sebastiana de
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo investiga a influência do pós-modernismo na literatura brasileira, tendo como objeto de análise o livro de Caio Fernando Abreu, “Triângulo das águas”. O pós-modernismo, um conceito sobre o qual muito se falou e pouco se escreveu, é resultado de um processo histórico iniciado no Renascimento, mas, mais que isso, tornou-se uma nomenclatura sob a qual muitos autores, brasileiros e estrangeiros, ao escreverem suas obras, teciam críticas à sociedade da qual faziam parte baseada no consumo e na informação, cortesia da tecnologia que se tornou o alicerce de todo um estilo de vida que, ao mesmo tempo em que trouxe confortos e facilidades, alienou o indivíduo. Caio Fernando Abreu em seus contos, como os do livro em questão, além de fazer uso de variadas citações, se utiliza de recursos narrativos, como o fluxo de consciência, para demonstrar o grau de isolamento em que viviam seus personagens, prisioneiros não apenas dos ambientes urbanos nos quais habitavam, mas de si mesmos.
Pakistan Society of Development Economists: Secretary’s
Report
Authors: Report Secretary's
Published: September 2018

Honourable Mr Ghulam Ishaq Khan, President of the Islamic
Republic of Pakistan, Professor Syed Nawab Haider Naqvi, President of
the Pakistan Society of Development Economists, Distinguished Delegates,
Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Assalam-o- Alaikum. It is indeed a great
honour and privilege for me to welcome you all, on behalf of the
Pakistan Society of Development Economists (PSDE, for short), to this
inaugural session of the Fifth Annual General Meeting of the Society.
Such glittering gatherings of national and international scholars of
Development Economics are rare in Pakistan and, therefore, most welcome
and impressive. I am, therefore, most grateful to you all for your
valuable participation in this meeting. The Pakistan Society of
Development Economists is truly a brainchild of Professor Syed Nawab
Haider Naqvi, Director of the Pakistan Institute of Development
Economics, who is appropriately its President also. Based in the
Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, the society was registered
on October 19, 1982 under the Societies Registration Act of 1860. The
main objective of the Society was to provide a forum for effective
disseminate ion of the fruits of contemporary research, both here and
abroad, among academics, Government economists, researchers and
policy-makers concerned with socio-economic matters and development. It
also aimed at serving as a bridge of contact between scholars of the
Pakistan Institute of Development Economics and those similarly engaged
in government, universities and other national and international
institutions. To attain these objectives, the Society organizes Annual
General Meetings and, in close collaboration with the Pakistan Institute
of Development Economics, holds a number of lectures in the Institute's
series of "Lectures in Development Economics". Through these meetings
and lectures, •the Society maintains an active contact with its members
as well as with eminent national and international scholars. The Society
also plans to award medals and cash prizes to scholars for outstanding
research contributions in the field of Development Economics.
Factors Determining Work Participation and Labour Supply
Decisions in Pakistan's Urban Areas
Authors: Kozel Valerie , Alderman Harold
Published: September 2018

Labour force participation in PClkistan, even amongst
prime-aged males, is lower than observed in many similar countries. The
analysis of labour force participation in urban PClkistan in this paper
indicates that systematic factors explain a fair amount of this
participation. The extended family structure as well as the availability
of remittances allow younger, educated males to extend their job search.
Using tobit and probit estimation techniques, the study found that
labour supply is explained primarily by participation as opposed to
hours worked con~tional upon participation. The study also found that
the rise in wages attributed to education is fairly high and similar to
what was found in Pakistan in the late 1970s.
V. V. Rananadham (ed) Privatization in Developing Countries.
London: Routledge. 1989. Price: £ 40.00 (Hardbound Edition).
Authors: Mahmood Mir Annice
Published: September 2018

The post-World War II era has witnessed the establishment of
public enterprises in many of the developing as well as developed
countries. Primarily, there were the economic and social objectives
behind the establishment of such enterprises. It was felt, particularly
in the developing countries, that through the medium of public
enterprises it was possible to control the "commanding heights" of the
economy, such as heavy industry (iron and steel, power, fuels, etc.). It
was perceived that such public control over the directly productive
resources in the economy would lead to faster development. Socially,
such enterprises were also expected to provide greater employment
opportunities and thereby help in reducing the level of poverty in the
developing countries. Some forty years on, it has become apparent that
public enterprises, far from promoting development, were actually acting
as a brake on it. One general criticism, among many others, levelled at
such enterprises included the charge of economiC inefficiency. Thus, to
overcome this criticism, a new term, 'privatization' was coined in the
early Eighties. The term may be defined in a broad sense as the
transforming of the ownership of assets from public or government
control to private hands.
The Monetarist versus the Neo-Keynesian Views on the Acceleration
of Inflation: Some Evidence from South Asian Countries
Authors: Hossain Akhtar
Published: September 2018

This paper tests the monetarist versus the neo-Keynesian views
on the accelera· tion of inflation, using annual data for Bangladesh,
India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka (mostly) for the period 1961-88,
within the framework of the theoretical model of Stein (I978, 1982). The
empirical results consistently support the monetarist view that changes
in real money balances contribute to an acceleration of inflation.
Another important finding is that except for Bangladesh, contrary to the
neo-Keynesian view, bond· financed government expenditure does not have
an independent significant effect on the acceleration of
inflation.
Land Agglomeration under Changing Technology: Some Inferences
from Pakistan
Authors: Chaudhry M Ghaffar
Published: September 2018

The paper studies the intertemporal trend of land distribution
with a view to checking the legitimacy of the thesis that land
distribution deteriorated under the Green Revolution in Pakistan by
examining the arguments given in support of this thesis. The empirical
evidence cited in this study indicates that land distribution in
Pakistan either improved (as from 1960 to 1972) or remained unchanged
(as between 1972 and 1980). This trend in land distribution serves to
show that technological changes were accompanied by significant
improvements in land distribution between 1960 and 1980. Large increases
in the ownership area of small farmers between 1972 and 1980 vis-a-vis
the decreases in the ownership area of large farmers during the same
period render untenable the view that Green Revolution led to a
worsening of land distribution because of land purchases by large
farmers. Substantial gains in the operational area of large farmers, due
either to large areas of land rented in or to increased
self-cultivation, appear to be unlikely in view of the continued and
rising dependence of those farmers on tenants. Favourable changes in the
distribution of ownership and operational holdings seem to be the result
of the widespread impact of Green Revolution on the profitability of
agriculture, growing labour'scarcities, land reforms, inheritance laws,
and the general trends in the economic development of
Pakistan.
The Substitutability of Emigrants and Non-migrants in the
Construction Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood Zafar
Published: September 2018

To predict the impact of emigration on labour displacement and
factor rewards, a trasloogarithmic production function has been used.
The estimation determined that unskilled emigrants and skilled and
unskilled non-migrants have a complementarity with capital. While
skilled emigrants and capital are substitutes, they are complementary
with unskilled non-migrants. Based on these results, the model predicts
displacement of unskilled non-migrants in the short run. Long-run
predictions include an increase in wages of all kinds of workers and the
adoption of capital-intensive techniques.
Magnitude of the Housing Shortage in Pakistan
Authors: Ghaus Aisha , Pasha Hafiz A.
Published: September 2018

This paper analyses trends in housing conditions in Pakistan.
Various indicators of housing consumption like household size, persons
per room, real rents per capita, etc., are quantified for the period
from 1960 to 1980, and their apparently contradictory signals are
highlighted. It is demonstrated that the approach adopted to date in
Pakistan to quantify the magnitude of the housing shortage is too
simplistic and could lead to wrong conclusions. As such, an alternative
methodology is developed which highlights a significant improvement in
housing conditions over time and a relatively slow growth in the housing
shortage. A series of policy implications are then derived for the
development of the housing sector.
Trade and Industrialization Policies for an Accelerated
Development in Pakistan
Authors: James William E. , Naya Seiji
Published: September 2018

Pakistan achieved high rates of economic growth from the
mid-1970s. Growth was faciitated by the external circumstances that
relaxed the balance-of-payments constraints. However, growth was not
accompanied by an improved social development Moreover, as the external
circumstances worsened, the underlying macroeconomic imbalances emerged
and the growth slowed down. The paper assesses how the domestic and
international economic policies might be adjusted to attain a more
sustainable pattern of development.
The Dynamics of Changing Ethnic Boundaries: A Case Study of
Karachi
Authors: Mumtaz Soofia
Published: September 2018

Contrary to expectation, and the generally accepted belief
that ethnicity defines one's primordial indentity and is, therefore,
relevant and functiooal only in a pre-modem context, the phenomenon of
ethnicity has surfaced in the modem world as a fOICe more vital than
class contIi::t and a source more pertinent to resolving peICeived
inequalities and thereby affecting desired social change. This paper
examines the ethnic garb assumed by the uprisings and armed conflicts
currently ravaging Karachi. The examination is undertaken within the
framework of Hannan's model of the dynamics of interactions between the
centre and the periphery (as based on Barth's niche theory). The paper,
thus, seeks to understand the conditions which caused the definition,
reinfoICement, and functional relevance of ethni:: boundaries, as well
as the consequent salience of the phenomenon in the modem urban
context.
ILO/ARPLA. Codes of Practice: A StructuralAnalysis. Bangkok: ILO
(ARPLA). 1987. 88pp.US $ 2.00 Paperback
Authors: Mehmood Zafar
Published: September 2018

ILO/ARPLA. Codes of Practice: A StructuralAnalysis. Bangkok:
ILO (ARPLA). 1987. 88pp.US $ 2.00 Paperback. ILO/ARPLA. Monitoring
Labour Markets. Bangkok: ILO (ARPLA). 1987. 11Opp.US $ 3.00 Paperback.
ILO/ARPLA. Managing Contract Migration: Philippine Experience Observed.
Bangkok: ILO (ARPLA). 1987. 68pp.US $ 3.00 Paperback. All three books
deal with various issues concerning the labour market, such as basic
agreements on industrial relations, labour market information, and
managing temporary migration. (i) A Code of practice in industrial
relations is a collective agreement and a moral instrument of voluntary
partnership. The agreements are most often concerned with development
and are not related exclusively to conflict resolution or conflict
avoidance as explicit goals. It is not a Code of law, yet it determines
the range of the moral authority of laws in practice. In many ways, a
Code is the core of an industrial relations system. The objects of a
Code are: to maintain discipline and industrial pace, to achieve greater
industrial harmony, to develop and promote a compatible system of labour
relations to ensure justice and fairness, and change in" work attitudes
and productivity. The structure of a Code must incorporate elements of
the approach to dispute settlement; the criteria for recognition of
unions for consultation, the status of grievance- and
consultative-machinery, and the status of the partism. The book on the
Codes of Practice addresses the question as to how these objectives have
been aligned structurally in the industrial relations of six Asian
countries; India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and
Thailand. The Indian Code of Discipline is such that the government is
not a party to the agreements between management and union_ However, the
government does keep the administrative machinery in good order. By
structuring the agreements in three parts, responsibility is distributed
in three spheres. For instance, industrial disputes, strikes, and
lockouts have been placed in the joint sphere. Workload composition,
employers' labour practices, and administrative responsiveness have been
placed in the sphere of management, while the sphere of the union
includes union activities. Thus, the Indian Code is prepared in such a
way that violation of a single Code leads to total violation in both the
joint and individual spheres. This dependence is both the substance and
the moral authority ofthe Code.