bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unemployment: What Counselors Can Do About It
Authors: PRYOR ROBERT G. L. , WARD ROBERT T.
Published: December 2011

The psychological impact of unemployment on many people is just short of devastating. This article attempts to outline some of the relevant considerations in trying to assist the unemployed. It also endeavors to set out some ways in which counselors have sought to respond to the needs of those without work.
The Social and Psychological Impact of Unemployment
Authors: SHELTON BARBARA K.
Published: December 2011

This article reviews recent studies on the social and psychological impact of unemployment. Included are the economic costs of unemployment, the impact on the family and the individual, and recommended methods for providing services.
Outplacement as Transition Counseling
Authors: MIRABILE RICHARD J.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses outplacement counseling, which exemplifies efforts to expand organizational employee‐oriented services. Transition counseling is also described.
Usefulness of Gati's Hierarchical Model of Vocational Interests for Career Counselors
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

Career counseling is complicated and involved, requiring counselors to use a conceptual framework to help guide them through the process. Using a case study, the author demonstrates how Gati's hierarchical model of vocational interests can assist counselors in working with clients concerned about their careers.
Reemployment Training for Displaced Automobile Workers: Program Description and Evaluation
Authors: RAMEY LUELLEN
Published: December 2011

The author describes a reemployment training program developed by Oakland University to assist displaced automobile workers in overcoming their grief resulting from job loss and in successfully assessing and marketing their transferable skills.
Assessment and Screening: Identifying Successful Participants in Employment and Training Programs
Authors: MANUELE CAROLINE A. , WARNER JEANNE , SHARAR PAUL H.
Published: December 2011

In this study the authors explored the effectiveness of selected assessment and screening procedures for identifying successful and unsuccessful participants in employment and training programs conducted by the Program for Assessment, Counseling, and Employment of the Young Men's Christian Association of Greater New York.
The Management of Role Ambiguity in Organizations
Authors: RUBEN DOUGLAS H.
Published: December 2011

Solutions to role ambiguity related to employment stress in terms of managerial and individual behaviors. Five categories of stress reduction culled from social learning theory.
Development of a Selection Measure for Access to Public Employment Assistance Programs
Authors: PETERSON GARY W.
Published: December 2011

The author provides a prototype measure of employability to be used as a tool in public employment programs political and ethical implications pertaining to the use of such a selection instrument for welfare recipients are considered.
Training Alcoholics in Telephone Skills for Contacting Potential Employers
Authors: HARRIS JANEL K. , PRUE DONALD M. , BRUBAKER ROBERT G. , RYCHTARIK ROBERT G.
Published: December 2011

In this study of unemployed alcoholics, the authors found that telephone skills for contacting potential employers can be taught in a standard program of alcohol treatment.
Elderly Persons as Intergenerational Child Care Providers
Authors: MILLER MARILYN J.
Published: December 2011

Programs involving elderly adults in the provision of child care services have evolved as a possible solution to problems identified by working parents and the elderly.
Prediction of Vocational Success Among Emotionally Impaired and Learning‐Disabled Persons
Authors: MANDES EVANS , GESSNER THEODORE
Published: December 2011

Successful predictors of vocational success among psychiatric populations include (a) having been married, (b) having held full‐time work, and (c) not having been diagnosed as learning disabled.
A Comparison of Two Approaches to Counselor‐Free Career Exploration
Authors: MILLER MARK J. , KARRIKER CHARLES S. , SPRINGER THOMAS P.
Published: December 2011

This study was conducted to advance previous research in the use of computer‐based, counselor‐free career guidance systems instead of conventional counselor‐free systems. The participants, Undergraduate college students (20 men and 20 women), were asked to rate their reactions to using the DISCOVER II microcomputer career guidance system and the Self‐Directed Search. The majority of the participants preferred the DISCOVER II as a vocational exploration program.
Knowledge Acquired in a Program for Building Employability Skills
Authors: FOSTER DAVID EDWIN , ENGELS DENNIS W. , WILSON MICHAEL J.
Published: December 2011

Information is provided from studies suggesting the importance of incorporating the teaching and assessment of employability skills in a career development curriculum.
Counselors' Views of Occupational Information Media
Authors: PRYOR ROBERT G.L. , PINCHAM SUSAN
Published: December 2011

The authors investigate vocational counselors' views of the effectiveness of various types of occupational information media for themselves and their clients.
A Visual Means of Organizing Career Information
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

The author describes a visual means of organizing career information. With this approach clients consider a number of external and internal factors and their relative importance.
The Job Search Process: An Attitudinal and Behavioral Analysis
Authors: LATHAM VAN M.
Published: December 2011

Job search attitudes and behaviors among college students were studied. Major job‐seeking factors were identified and discussed in relation to job search experience.
Effects of Prior Training and Verbal Errors on Students' Performance in Job Interviews
Authors: RIGGIO RONALD E. , THROCKMORTON BARBARA
Published: December 2011

The authors examined 13 errors commonly made by students in hiring interviews and the frequency of occurrence of these errors. The implications for interview training programs are discussed.
Individual Reactions to Interviewer Behaviors
Authors: FELDMAN DANIEL C. , ARNOLD HUGH J.
Published: December 2011

This study suggests that interviewer behaviors do not have a consistently strong impact on applicants' attitudes toward organizations or willingness to accept job offers.
The Psychological and Physical Weil‐Being of Women in Sex‐Stereotyped Occupations
Authors: HARLAN CAROLYN L. , JANSEN MARY A.
Published: December 2011

The authors examined the perceptions of women who work in three sex‐specific occupational categories and the effects of their participation in these occupations on several psychological and physical health variables.
High Technology: Its Impact on Career Changes
Authors: BRADLEY LORETTA J.
Published: December 2011

In this article, the author describes the impact of high technology on career changes. Suggestions are provided to counselors for helping clients make successful career changes.
Restating A Client‐Centered Approach to Career Counseling
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

Too often, career counseling is associated with objective test scores and rational decision making. The purpose of this article is to reiterate the importance of considering the client's developing self‐concept in career counseling.
Information on Projected‐Growth Occupations: Its Effect on Individuals' Prestige Ratings
Authors: PARKER HARRY J. , CHAN FONG
Published: December 2011

The authors examine information on projected growth occupations and its effects on prestige ratings. Growth data does not affect the ratings. Career counseling implications are also discussed.
Sources of Test Information
Authors: DRUMMOND ROBERT J.
Published: December 2011

In this article the author lists and discusses sources of test information, with special attention on information given to what will be valuable to employment and career counselors.
Factors That Help and Hinder in Group Employment Counseling
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E. , BORCEN WILLIAM A.
Published: December 2011

We conducted a descriptive study to investigate the factors that help and hinder members of job‐search groups and the impact of these groups on the experience of unemployment.
Job Satisfaction of Primary‐Care Workers Who Assist the Elderly
Authors: CARTER TRAVIS A.
Published: December 2011

The author used the Job Descriptive Index to appraise the level of job satisfaction of 111 primary‐care employees. Results were analyzed to determine the relationships between job satisfaction and personality type as defined by Holland's theory.
The Role of the Employment Counselor in Promoting Sex Equity and Nontraditional Careers
Authors: SOLDWEDEL BETTE J.
Published: December 2011

In this article, the author provides practical suggestions for employment counselors concerned with the advancement of women in nontraditional career fields.
The Experience of Underemployment
Authors: BORGEN WILLIAM A. , AMUNDSON NORMAN E. , HARDER HENRY G.
Published: December 2011

The authors conducted an exploratory study of male college graduates who experienced underemployment to discover significant events occurring during this experience and the feelings attached to those events.
The Effect of Job Level and Amount of Information on the Evaluation of Male and Female Job Applicants
Authors: GORDON RANDALL A. , OWENS STEPHEN D.
Published: December 2011

The addition of job‐related information regarding an applicant's leadership ability reduced bias against female applicants applying for a managerial position.
Career Interest Search: A Prototype, Computer‐Assisted Occupational Interest Inventory for Functionally Illiterate Adults
Authors: KIMBALL JAMES C.
Published: December 2011

The central focus of this study was to develop a prototype occupational interest inventory for academically disadvantaged or functionally illiterate adults and to develop a microcomputer version of the prototype.
Learned Helplessness: A Factor in Counseling for Displaced Homemakers
Authors: WOOD CAROLYN J.
Published: December 2011

The author describes the phenomenon of learned helplessness that may affect the ability of displaced homemakers to enter or reenter the work force successfully. Characteristics of helplessness‐oriented persons are contrasted with those who are mastery‐oriented.
Increasing Technological Employment Opportunities for Women in the Armed Forces
Authors: WIGGINS ELLSWORTH E. , SOLDWEDEL BETTE J.
Published: December 2011

In this study, the authors analyze the occupational distributions of female officers and enlisted personnel in the armed forces. Data confirms that women are underrepresented in high‐technology occupational groups and are disproportionately represented in traditional career fields. Strategies are suggested to increase the numbers of women in high‐technology occupations.
Civilian Technical Employees' Work Attitudes Toward Military Employers
Authors: BURKE LEE ANN , CHU LILY
Published: December 2011

The authors used a survey questionnaire followed by an interview to assess civilian technical employees' work attitudes in a military setting over 2 years.
Attitudes and Perceptions of Communication in the Hiring Process
Authors: ATKINS CAROLYN P. , KENT ROBERT L.
Published: December 2011

The attitudes and perceptions of 295 college students regarding the hiring of individuals with various communication characteristics and the rank ordering of 20 job‐related criteria were compared with the attitudes of 95 recruiters.
Internal Validity Studies of a Telephone Preemployment Measure
Authors: GERSTEIN LAWRENCE H. , BARKÉ CHARLES R. , JOHNSON STEPHEN D.
Published: December 2011

In this article, the authors present data on the validity and reliability of a new form of employee honesty testing:The Integrity Interview. Advantages of this form of employee honesty testing over other forms are discussed.
Effect of a Referent's Status on the Evaluation of Job Applicants
Authors: RALSTON STEVEN MICHAEL , YODER DONALD D.
Published: December 2011

In this study, the authors found that the status of employment referents might affect the employers's evaluations of job applicants.
Career Development Programs in Business and Industry
Authors: SCHMIDT SUSAN
Published: December 2011

Research and evaluation results of career development programs in business and industry indicate that a match between individual career needs and organizational goals plays a vital role in the implementation of a successful program.
So You Want Your Employees to Quit Smoking?
Authors: TAYLOR G. STEPHEN , HOLMES HORACE
Published: December 2011

Today more and more organizations are trying to limit or ban workplace smoking. These actions are prompted largely by the costs associated with employees who smoke. Despite the proliferation of these attempts, corporate efforts in this area have been generally unsuccessful. In this article the most common antismoking programs are reviewed. After this review, a multidimensional, broad‐based smoking cessation program is described.
A Decade of Career Development Research: Implications for Theory, Practice, and Research
Authors: THOMPSON DONALD L. , ZULICH JAN
Published: December 2011

This study examines trends in the area of career development programs, practices, and research during the last decade based on program sessions at the American Educational Research Association's annual meetings.
Employment Counseling in Japan: Current and Future
Authors: WATANABE AGNES M. , MASAKI NAOKO , KAMIICHI SADAMITSU
Published: December 2011

The Japanese system of employment counseling is described. The focus is on the current situation and the need for further development.
From Job to Job
Authors: WEGMANN ROBERT G.
Published: December 2011

Between the ages of 25 and 64, American adults work for an average of eight employers. Occupational change is less frequent; major changes in career direction are rare.
Employment and Career Development in a World of Change: What Is Ahead for the Next Twenty‐Five Years?
Authors: FELLER RICHARD
Published: December 2011

This article offers a view of three significant challenges facing counselors as employment rules and career development foundations shift in a rapidly changing world.
Professional Career Services: An Exploratory Study
Authors: MORACCO JOHN C. , BUTCKE PAMELA G. , COLLINS MAUREEN
Published: December 2011

This study assesses the willingness of three groups of job seekers to use professional career counseling services.
1984–1989 Survey of Recruitment Efforts to Assist Black Veterans
Authors: KENNEDY R. BRYAN
Published: December 2011

The author reports survey data that were collected to ascertain whether the Veterans' Readjustment Program brought a significantly larger percentage of Black Vietnam veterans into the work force at a large military installation than did traditional Office of Personnel Management recruitment procedures.
The Effects of Self‐Efficacy on Job Acceptance Behavior Among American College Students
Authors: WOOTEN WILLIAM
Published: December 2011

The differential effects of high and low self‐efficacy on mock job acceptance behavior were assessed using a sample of 292 American college students. It was found that high and low self‐efficacy groups demonstrated different regression equations. These results suggest that different processes must be used to explain the acceptance behavior of high and low self‐efficacy groups.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Vietnam Veterans
Authors: HELWIG ANDREW A. , ASSA ROBERTA
Published: December 2011

Many unemployed Vietnam veterans may be sufferers of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Symptoms and behaviors of PTSD are reviewed to assist employment counselors in identifying such individuals, and suggestions for referral are made.
The Fourth Alternative: Leisure Search and Planning
Authors: LIPTAK JOHN J.
Published: December 2011

Employment counselors need to be aware of a fourth job search alternative—leisure search and planning. Leisure interests are relatively untapped resources that the unemployed might use to find employment or develop necessary job‐related skills.
Likelihood to Use Employee Assistance Programs: The Effects of Sociodemographic, Social‐Psychological, Sociocultural, Organizational, and Community Factors
Authors: HALL LACHEATA , VACC NICHOLAS A. , KISSLING GRACE
Published: December 2011

Reported are the results of an empirical study that examined the likelihood of employees to use Employee Assistance Program services.
A Model for Planning Career Continuation and Change Through Increased Awareness, Knowledge, and Skill
Authors: PEDERSEN PAUL , GOLDBERG ALAN , PAPALIA TONY
Published: December 2011

A 3‐stage sequence based on increased awareness of assumptions, knowledge of relevant information, and skill in taking appropriate action (AKS) is presented as a model for outplacement counseling. The rationale, structure, assumptions, principles, and evaluation of an outplacement counseling program using this AKS model are discussed.
Synthesizing Results From an Interest and a Personality Inventory to Improve Career Decision Making
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

This article illustrates how career counselors can integrate the results from two widely used instruments—the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator and the Strong‐Campbell Interest Inventory—to enhance a client's decision‐making ability.
Job Club Methodology Applied in a Workfare Setting
Authors: STIDHAM HELEN H. , REMLEY THEODORE P.
Published: December 2011

The Job Club program consisted of a series of monthly groups, meeting daily for 15–20 three‐hour sessions conducted in the Azrin Job Club methodology. Results indicate that those clients attending the Job Club sessions had a higher employment rate than did those not attending.
The Dynamics of Unemployment for Social Assistance Recipients
Authors: KLEIN HAL , AMUNDSON NORMAN , BORGEN WILLIAM
Published: December 2011

In this exploratory research study, the experience of unemployment and helping or hindering factors for social assistance recipients is examined.
Jobs You Won't Find in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles
Authors: SALOMONE PAUL R. , HELMSTETTER CHRISTOPHER L.
Published: December 2011

This article, although written in a whimsical style, points out the value‐laden nature of our premier source of occupational information, the Dictionary of Occupational Titles. Other than legal occupations, jobs that are remunerative can be placed into three categories: (a) illegal occupations, (b) underground or counterculture occupations, and (c) occupations “in limbo.”
Social Support and the Job Satisfaction of Female Clerical Workers
Authors: MANSFIELD PHYLLIS KERNOFF , LYNN LOIS , VICARY JUDITH R. , KOCH PATRICIA BARTHALOW , COHN MARGARET , YOUNG ELAINE W.
Published: December 2011

The beneficial effects on job satisfaction of social support at work and home were established in this study of 85 randomly selected female clerical workers. Partners were found to be effective buffers of adverse work conditions as well.
Establishing Standards for Equity: A Suggested Model
Authors: FOUNTAIN CHERYL , SOLDWEDEL BETTE J.
Published: December 2011

This article describes five steps that can be used in the establishment of standards for equity programs. A model program, developed for Florida vocational education initiatives, is presented.
Career Aspirations of Pregnant Teens
Authors: DRUMMOND ROBERT J. , HANSFORD SANDRA G.
Published: December 2011

This study examined the career aspirations of pregnant teens enrolled in a program designed to minimize their chances of dropping out of high school. The teens completed a demographic data form that included questions on their career aspirations. The data were coded by Holland type using the Dictionary of Holland Occupational Codes. Trends were discussed in light of the future labor market and critical need for career counseling for this at‐risk population.
White Women in Management Positions During the 1990s
Authors: KENNEDY R. BRYAN
Published: December 2011

The author reports recruitment data that were collected to ascertain whether or not White women were gaining entry into positions that would provide an avenue for consideration and possible promotion into management positions at a large military installation.
Does the Early Bird Get the Worm? An Analysis of Academic Success, Early Placement Preparation, and Hiring
Authors: FREEMAN BRENDA , SCHOPEN ANN
Published: December 2011

Ability and effort, two aspects of Weiner's theory of resultant achievement, were examined in relation to success in securing full‐time employment. Using grade point average as a measure of ability and early credential preparation as a measure of effort, effort was found to be a significant predictor of employment.
Mattering: A Foundation for Employment Counseling and Training
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

Clients and employment counselors need to feel that they matter, that they are significant to people around them. This article addresses the nature of mattering with respect to client service and counselor training.
Employment Counselor Training and Professional Issues in the United States
Authors: HELWIG ANDREW A.
Published: December 2011

Employment counseling as practiced during the past 30 years in the United States Employment Service (now Job Service) is discussed, including (a) the historical forces that affected employment counseling, (b) their consequences over this period of time, and (c) employment counseling training initiatives. The Competency‐Based Employment Counselor Training Model is described, and more recent training initiatives are identified. The counselor credentialing process (particularly certification and licensure) is examined.
The Training of Employment Counselors in Hungary
Authors: RITOOK MAGDA , SZILAGYI KLRA , VOLGYESY PL
Published: December 2011

This article describes the current situation in Hungary and the efforts that are being made to develop employment counseling service and training programs.
Literacy and the Job Training Act: A Survey Study
Authors: MASNER JAYNE B. , WOOTTON RICHARD R.
Published: December 2011

This study suggests that functionally illiterate high school graduates frequently apply for assistance through the Job Training Act for which they are underprepared. Assisting such individuals has serious implications for the United States as it attempts to compete in a world market requiring an educated and literate work force.
Profile of Rural College Reach‐Out Students
Authors: MEDINA VERONICA , DRUMMOND ROBERT J.
Published: December 2011

This study focuses on the personality profile and career aspirations of rural, underachieving seventh‐grade students from low socioeconomic families who were selected to participate in a college reach‐out program. Implications for career counseling and educational planning are discussed.
Negotiating Identity During Unemployment
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

The unemployment experience is viewed from the perspective of identity negotiation during a time of transition. Within this process, elements such as support from others, self‐talk, marketing strategies, and focused and persistent effort play an important role. Employment counseling strategies are discussed in terms of how they promote successful negotiation.
Improving the Letter of Recommendation
Authors: KNOUSE STEPHEN B.
Published: December 2011

This article discusses several stylistic and legal problems with the letter of recommendation. It is proposed that writers improve the letter of recommendation by using specific examples of performance, a focus on the work situation, a job anecdote file, and a description of the job being sought.
The Employment Interview
Authors: KENNEDY R. BRYAN
Published: December 2011

In view of the continued reliance on personal interviews to select employees, the author suggests guidelines that will lead to increased validity of the interview process.
Cutting Losses for Student‐Athletes in Transition: An Integrative Transition Model
Authors: WOOTEN H. RAY
Published: December 2011

This article provides a framework from which to address the transition, decisio‐making, personal, and career counseling strategies useful with athletes. Counseling strategies, both personal and career, accompany each stage in the integrated model for working with this special population.
The Effect of Job Search Method, Sex, Activity Level, and Emotional Acceptance on New Job Characteristics: Implications for Counseling Unemployed Professionals
Authors: EBY LILLIAN T. , BUCH KIMBERLY
Published: December 2011

This study investigated intrinsic and extrinsic new job characteristics for a sample of involuntarily dismissed white‐collar workers. Results suggest employment counselors can ease the transition into satisfying new jobs by helping clients deal with the negative emotional trauma of job loss, encouraging active coping strategies, fostering realistic job expectations, and tailoring counseling to meet individual needs.
Career Development Consultation Skill Training by Counselors for Teacher Mentors
Authors: SMABY MARLOWE , PETERSON TERRANCE , HOVLAND JANE , D'ANDREA LIVIA
Published: December 2011

This article presents a career development consultation skill training program for enhancing the professional growth of beginning teachers by master teacher mentors trained by counselors and counselor educators.
Action Planning for Personal Competitiveness in the “Broken Workplace”
Authors: FELLER RICHARD W.
Published: December 2011

The workplace and the psychological contract between employees and employer have structurally changed. This article suggests ways that counselors can help clients plan and take action to enhance their personal competitiveness in the “broken workplace.”
Group Counseling Intervention for Solving Problems on the Job
Authors: HUTCHINSON NANCY L. , FREEMAN JOHN G. , QUICK VALERIE E.
Published: December 2011

This article reports the effects of a group counseling intervention on the social problem solving by and employment preparation of Grade 9 and Grade 10 students. Mathematics teachers implemented the intervention on problem solving on the job within a unit on mathematics problem solving. The intervention used a cognitive approach to counseling, specifically cognitive strategy instruction with teacher modeling and students' thinking aloud to a partner. Both pretest and posttest scores and analyses of interviews with 4 students showed the success of the intervention. An interview with the peer coach of the teachers highlighted teacher experiences in implementing successful group counseling.
The Career Satisfaction of the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision Members
Authors: PARR GERALD D. , BRADLEY LORETTA J. , LAN WILLIAM Y. , GOULD L J.
Published: December 2011

Members of the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision completed a questionnaire on career satisfaction. A majority reported being quite satisfied with their careers. Most experienced only occasional burnout, and over half perceived their career stress as no greater than moderate.
Cross‐Cultural Adjustment Issues Faced by Immigrant Professionals
Authors: LEE GRANT , WESTWOOD MARVIN J.
Published: December 2011

With changes in the economy, individuals with a technical certificate, trade designation, or university degree are in demand and make up a large portion of the immigrant flow. Immigrant professionals migrate to countries such as Canada, the United States, and Australia and compete with professional workers of the host country for Jobs, career opportunities, or advancement. The psychological impact of general and career issues faced by professional immigrants is the major focus of this article. A self‐validation model for understanding stress factors is provided along with suggested helping strategies, enabling employment counselors to help individuals successfully adapt to the host country.
Convergence in Career Development Theory: A Book Review
Authors: Ryan Charles W.
Published: December 2011

Book reviewed in this article:

Convergence in Career Development Theory: Implications for Science and Practice by Mark L. Savickas and Robert W. Lent (Eds.)
Factors Associated With Early Employment Among Refugees From the Former Soviet Union
Authors: RACE KATHRYN E. H. , MASINI BLASE E.
Published: December 2011

The relationship among select demographics, vocational service, and job placement among refugees from the former Soviet Union was investigated. Vocational service and employment history were tracked for 12 months for 379 Soviet refugees who were employable adults under age 55, whose first visit to Jewish Vocational Service Chicago occurred between October 1 and December 31, 1991. Employment was related to gender, marital status, and age as well as to proficiency level in English as a Second Language and vocational service. Results of a logistic regression analysis suggest that the frequency of contact with a job developer, age, and gender were indicators of early employment. Implications for employment counselors working with refugees are noted.
Employment of Recent University Business Graduates: Do Age, Gender, and Minority Status Make a Difference?
Authors: HARRIS ELIZABETH W. , TANNER JOHN R. , KNOUSE STEPHEN B.
Published: December 2011

This study examined differences in the process of job search based on age, gender, and minority status. A sample of 398 recent business graduates of a southern university completed a survey on their current status and job search process, which was matched to their academic record. Results showed that women had higher GPAs than did men, but fewer women went on to graduate school immediately after graduation. African Americans had lower GPAs at graduation, were more likely to have used the university placement center, and were less likely to have had internships than Whites. These results are discussed in terms of providing better preemployment opportunities for women and African Americans and in terms of a realistic employment preview mechanism for all students.
The Employment Support Network—An Intervention to Assist Displaced Workers
Authors: DAVIES GWENDA
Published: December 2011

The Employment Support Network, described in this article, was designed by the Department of Human Resources for use with displaced workers. As our clients move into and maneuver in the new economy the familiar job search model has changed. An important emphasis now is on renewing hope and building confidence in the client.
Supporting Clients Through a Change in Perspective
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E.
Published: December 2011

A series of 12 reframing strategies used by employment counselors are briefly described. These strategies are designed to support clients through facilitating a change of perspective.
Transitional Support for Adult Vocational Learners: A Review of Institutional Roles
Authors: QUINLAN KEVIN , O'BRODOVICH KATE
Published: December 2011

This article examines the extent to which organizations are meeting the transitional support needs of adult learners. A review of the roles of all constituent groups involved in the provision of transition support services is the major focus of the article.
Is Seasonal Stress a Career Choice of Professional Accountants?
Authors: CLUSKEY G. R. , VAUX ALAN C.
Published: December 2011

Workload compression during the first quarter of each year (January‐March) is hypothesized to involve additional job demands on auditors and tax professionals causing job strain (occupational stress). Using canonical correlation analysis to analyze the survey data, this study found that the strongest stressor‐strain relationship was for the group surveyed in January, indicating that workload compression contributes to seasonal occupational stress. Seasonal stress will remain a very strong barrier to qualified individuals in making an accounting career their vocational choice and will put additional demands on Employee Assistance Program (EAP) counseling for accounting practitioners.
The Interview as an RJP Medium: Shooting Oneself in the Foot?
Authors: COSTIGAN ROBERT D.
Published: December 2011

Wanous and Colella (1989) stated that the interview is the most commonly used medium for delivering realistic job preview (RJP) information to applicants. RJPs incorporated into the interview typically involve a question‐and‐answer period in which the applicant is encouraged to ask questions. This study examined whether interviewer ratings are influenced by the kind of questions (realistic favorable vs. realistic, moderately unfavorable vs. unrealistic, highly unfavorable) asked in the RJP segment of the interview. The temporal placement of the question‐and‐answer segment (beginning of the interview vs. at the end) was considered as well. ANOVA results indicated no significant differences in job‐related ratings, and MANOVA results indicated no significant differences in personal‐trait ratings. Implications and directions for future research are also addressed.
Making the Right Connections: Perceptions of Human Resource/Personnel Directors Concerning Electronic Job‐Search Methods
Authors: HUBBARD JOAN C. , NORTH ALEXA B. , ARJOMAND H. LARI
Published: December 2011

To be competitive in today's job market, many entry‐level management candidates are looking to electronic technology to help them find employment. Although technology is an essential part of today's business environment, the findings of this study indicate that very few of the human resource/personnel directors (HR/PD) in the top 100 privately owned companies in Georgia are using electronic technology to fill entry‐level managerial positions. These HR/PD, however, view positively those applicants who use electronic methods for job searching and predict that these methods will become a common practice within 2 years.
Employee Attitudes Toward an Internal Employee Assistance Program
Authors: HARLOW KIRK C.
Published: December 2011

To assess attitudes toward the effectiveness of an employee assistance program (EAP), a survey was sent to a random sample of 16,603 employees and adult dependents of a large, multinational company. Four groups were surveyed: employees who had used the EAP, adult dependents who had used the EAP, employees who had not used the EAP, and adult dependents who had not used the EAP. The findings indicated that both employee and adult dependent EAP users viewed the EAP more positively than did employee and adult dependent nonusers. Regression analyses indicated that factors including perception of EAP confidentiality, perceived support by other employees, and belief that the EAP would not negatively affect the career were related to positive views of the EAP among both EAP users and nonusers.
Trends in Advertised SCANS Competencies: Technology, Interpersonal, and Basic Communication Job Skills, 1992–1996
Authors: NORTH ALEXA BRYANS , WORTH WILLIAM E.
Published: December 2011

This longitudinal study was conducted to Identify trends In entry‐level technology, interpersonal, and basic skills related to communication using classified advertisements from 10 standard metropolitan statistical areas in the United States. Two competencies and one foundation skill were selected from the Workplace Know‐How's identified in the 1991 U.S. Department of Labor's Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS). Results indicate a decline in the number of classified advertisements specifically including technology and basic skills related to communication. Ads including interpersonal skills increased for a 2nd consecutive year, although overall percentages remained low.
The Opportunity Structure: Implications for Career Counseling
Authors: MILLER VAUGHAN MARSHALL
Published: December 2011

Traditional career counseling methods are based on the assumption that matching clients' interests, values, abilities, and aptitudes to a suitable occupation will result in opportunities for self‐actualization and personal expression. However, vocational psychology tends to neglect a critical extra‐individual factor: the nature of the opportunity structure. True career choice may be the experience of only a small proportion of clients. Vocational psychology has focused almost exclusively on individuals to the neglect of social, economic, and political realities.
Innovations for Enhancing Education of Career Counselors Using Technology
Authors: LARRABEE MARVA J. , BLANTON BONNIE L.
Published: December 2011

Research on a CD‐ROM containing 10 presenter‐controlled modules for instruction supports the conclusion that research be done with in‐service education that includes employment counselors.
An Addendum to Measuring the Agreement Among Several Holland Codes
Authors: MILLER MARK J.
Published: December 2011

The contents of this short article suggest that alternative methods for measuring agreement among Holland (J. L. Holland, A. B. Powell, & B. A. Fritzsche, 1994) codes are appropriate and helpful.
The North American Career Development Partnership: Experiment in International Collaboration
Authors: CARLSON BURTON L. , GOGUEN ROBERT A. , JARVIS PHILLIP S. , LESTER JULIETTE N.
Published: December 2011

This article describes how career development programs became the focus of an international partnership between the United States and Canada. Beginning in 1976 in the United States, the National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee (NOICC) and its State Occupational Information Coordinating Committees (SOICCs) developed training and materials that promote the use of occupational and labor market information. Similarly, in the early 1970s, Canada began to explore the feasibility of creating a computer‐based career information delivery system. What follows is the story of an unusual and significant international collaboration. It concludes with identification of lessons learned.
International Collaboration in Translating Career Theory to Practice
Authors: SAMPSON JAMES P. , WATTS A. G. , PALMER MARTIN , HUGHES DEIRDRE
Published: December 2011

This article describes an effort to apply a theoretical perspective developed in one country (the United States) to cope with increasing demand for career services and limited funding in another country (the United Kingdom) faced with similar increasing demands for cost‐effective service delivery. The authors hope that the experience gained in the transnational application of theory to practice they present can be replicated in other countries using other theoretical perspectives. This article describes the process used in one transnational career theory adaptation project and discusses implications for transnational adaptations of career theory across countries.
The Emergence of Career Development Facilitators
Authors: SPLETE HOWARD H. , HOPPIN JUDITH M.
Published: December 2011

This article describes the collaborative efforts of the National Career Development Association, National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee, and Career Development Training Institute at Oakland University, which resulted in the emergence and recognition of the important role of career development facilitators (CDFs). The development of the CDF competencies, curriculum, and certification is summarized, and examples of counselor‐facilitator collaboration are provided.
Wall‐to‐Wall or Patchwork? Linkages: Vehicles of Partnership
Authors: PLANT PETER
Published: December 2011

Career development services are often poorly interlinked. They overlap, yet they are can also be too far apart. They reach out, yet they do not always reach out to those who need the services the most. With examples from Denmark, this article indicates how and why career development services are linked in partnerships at different levels. Is a wall‐to‐wall carpet of career development services to be preferred over a patchwork quilt?
Workaholism: Bridging the Gap Between Workplace, Sociocultural, and Family Research
Authors: ROBINSON BRYAN E.
Published: December 2011

This article attempts to narrow the gap between the studies of workaholism and human relations/organizational development and workaholism and cross‐cultural research and family counseling. Important studies on workaholism in the cross‐cultural and family counseling fields, which are typically absent in the organizational and career research literature, are reviewed. Recommendations for future research considerations also are presented.
Mandated Clients in Career or Employment Counseling
Authors: AMUNDSON NORMAN E. , BORGEN WILLIAM A.
Published: December 2011

The article describes some of the challenges facing employment counselors who are working with mandated clients. Suggestions are provided for use with mandated clients in individual and group employment counseling sessions.
The case of Pedro: a holistic life planning approach
Authors: Liptak John J.
Published: December 2011

Traditional theories of career development are inadequate due to the complexity of today's work world. As changes occur in society and the world‐of‐work employment counselors need new ways of dealing with their clients. This article introduces employment counselors to the “leisure theory of career development” (J. J. Liptak, 2000) as an alternative to traditional trait‐and‐factor counseling approaches.
Why are the three‐letter codes of a sheriff and a barber identical? understanding and interpreting occupational environments
Authors: Miller Mark J. , Wells Don
Published: December 2011

This article provides career counselors and clients with useful information on understanding occupational environments. Specifically, the focus is on how to handle a situation in which a client's 3‐letter code is identical to 2 clearly divergent occupations.
Promoting work adjustment in workforce investment act consumers: a role for employment counselors
Authors: Hershenson David B.
Published: December 2011

This article presents a systems model of the development of work adjustment that counselors working in federally mandated one‐stop career centers can use to conceptualize, assess, and facilitate consumers' work adjustment. The vectors comprising work adjustment (defined as the interaction of the person and the work setting) are work role behavior, task performance, and worker satisfaction. The model suggests influences on and probable sources of difficulty in each of these vectors and consequent interventions to address these problems.
Career and personal counseling: Comparing process and outcome
Authors: Lewis Jacqueline
Published: December 2011

Increasingly, there is a call to support the integration of career and personal counseling. However, few empirical studies have examined the overlap between these 2 domains. This study examined how career and personal counseling compared on both process and outcome measures. The participants included real clients who sought career and personal counseling at 3 college counseling centers in the U.S. The findings indicated that except in the area of expectations about counseling, there were no significant differences between career counseling and personal counseling. The implications for counseling practice and training are discussed.
Working with the intelligent career model
Authors: Parker Polly
Published: December 2011

The changing contemporary work environment has brought new career realities that suggest an altered role for the career counselor. This article reaffirms the benefits of working with the subjective aspects of career. The focus is on the intelligent career, a model that provides a framework to integrate career data into a coherent picture. The Intelligent Career Card Sort, specifically developed to elicit and work with subjective career data, is offered as a way for counselors to accommodate personal and dynamic needs of their clients beyond a job focus.
Career metaphors and their application in theory and counseling practice
Authors: Inkson Kerr , Amundson Norman E.
Published: December 2011

This article, first given as an address to the January 2002 National Consultation on Career Development, Ottawa, Ontario, draws attention to the inevitability of metaphor in human thought, discourse, and theory, including that concerning careers. The article (a) explores the benefits and the dangers of metaphorical thinking and advocates the use of “multiple metaphor” as a means of understanding careers; (b) looks particularly at metaphors in the context of new, more flexible careers; (c) introduces 10 archetypal career metaphors; and (d) considers how career counseling practice can be assisted through the facilitation of metaphorical thinking.
Addressing issues of workplace harassment: counseling the targets
Authors: Lewis Jacqueline , Coursol Diane , Wahl Kay Herting
Published: December 2011

Workplace violence has recently received attention because of the killing of several individuals by their coworkers. However, more common are passive and nonfatal forms of aggressive behavior that are manifested as psychological and emotional harassment. Workplace harassment includes dysfunctional personal interactions characterized by bullying behaviors, personal attacks, and attempts to denigrate others. Targets of workplace harassment may experience stress, depression, low self‐esteem, loss of sleep, and even posttraumatic stress disorder. Strategies that counselors can use to work effectively with targets are discussed.
Coloring outside the lines: Boundary issues for counselors
Authors: Amundson Norman E.
Published: December 2011

This article formed the basis for a keynote presentation at the 2002 Australian Association of Career Counseling in Melbourne, Australia. The issue of boundaries is one that is becoming increasingly important for both clients and counselors.
Counseling reentry women: An overview
Authors: Chae Mark H.
Published: December 2011

The author presents an overview of issues related to counseling women reentering the workforce. He suggests that counselors are in a strategic position to help women through the transitions and conflicts associated with returning to work and discusses (a) career barriers related to gender role stereotyping, (b) current job trends for women, (c) expectations for women reentering the workforce, (d) suggestions for raising aspirations for reentry women, and (e) developing energy opportunities.
Adjustment issues affecting employment for immigrants from the former soviet union
Authors: Yost Anastasia Dimun , Lucas Margaretha S.
Published: December 2011

This article describes major issues, including culture shock and loss of status, that affect general adjustment of immigrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union who are resettling in the United States. Issues that affect career and employment adjustment are described and the interrelatedness of general and career issues is explored. Practical and positive suggestions for practitioners working with this population are offered.
Predicting self‐esteem during unemployment: The effect of gender, financial deprivation, alternate roles, and social support
Authors: Waters Lea E. , Moore Kathleen A.
Published: December 2011

Two hundred and one unemployed men and women participated in a cross‐sectional study that assessed self‐esteem, financial deprivation, number of alternate roles, and use of social support. Financial deprivation, alternate roles, and social support each had a main effect on self‐esteem. In addition, these variables interacted with gender to affect self‐esteem. Specifically, financial deprivation had a greater negative association with self‐esteem in men as compared with women. In contrast, alternate roles and social support had a stronger positive relationship to self‐esteem in women than in men. The incorporation of these findings into intervention programs for unemployed persons is discussed.
job burnout
Authors: Angerer John M.
Published: December 2011

In presenting an overview of job burnout, the author discusses the pioneering research and current theories of the burnout construct, along with the history of the main burnout assessment—the Maslach Burnout Inventory (C. Maslach & S. E. Jackson, 1981). The author examines the exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy dimensions of burnout and the job—person fit framework of C. Maslach, W. B. Schaufeli, and M. P. Leiter (2001). The current literature pertaining to the 6 dimensions of burnout is examined. The author concludes that an understanding of the interaction between employee and his or her environment is critical for grasping the origin of burnout.