bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Jubilee Issue of the Journal of International Law and International Relations: Some Achievements So Far
Authors: Selivanov Andrey
Published: August 2022

The author presents a historical review of publications in the Journal of International Law and International Relations starting from 1996, covering the content of 99 journal issues over 26 years. Various performance statistics are provided, including the number of articles and pages, articles by key rubric (International Law, International Relations, International Trade), and list of most published authors. The Commission for Academic Degrees and Titles of Belarus has included the journal in its list of recommended sources for the publication of dissertation research. Therefore, we present statistics on the authors of two or more papers, and find that 100 out of 248 have successfully defended their dissertations. Finally, we provide a list of authors writing on migration issues. In total, the author finds 278 materials on this topic. We conclude with an argument for attracting more submissions from foreign authors and increasing the journal’s greater presence in the science citation databases.
Criminalising the Non-return of Cultural and Historical Goods under Temporary Exportation for Combating Illegal Trafficking in Cultural Property
Authors: Martynenka Ihar
Published: August 2022

The author examines the policies pursued by Belarus on the prevention of international illegal trafficking in antiquities and cultural goods. Clarifications of Article 230 of the Criminal Code of Belarus are proposed. The findings and recommendations could inform the ongoing work on amendments to the Code on Culture, negotiation of international agreements, and strengthening of the safeguards for the repatriation of cultural property under temporary exportation.
The non bis in idem Principle — Theory, History and Application in International Law and the Law of the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Seitimova Venera
Published: August 2022

The article considers the prohibition of double jeopardy, codifi ed in Roman law as the non bis
idem principle. The author discusses the origins of the principle, its historic and modern meaning
and its role for national legal systems and international law. Various approaches are reviewed to the
interpretation of the nature and the limits of the non bis in idem principle, with reference to the case
law of the European Court on Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the
Court of the Eurasian Economic Union. Special attention is given to the application of the principle in
competition law. An argument is made that an economic entity may not be penalised simultaneously
by the decisions of the Eurasian Economic Commission and the national antimonopoly body of a
Member State.
Overview of approaches to the study of the power – property model in Soviet Russia of the Stalinist period
Authors: Безнин Михаил Алексеевич , Димони Татьяна Михайловна
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the review of approaches to the study of the power – property model in Soviet Russia in the late 1920s – early 1950s. The authors describe the main conclusions of domestic research of both the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, a wide front of scientific developments – in the field of history, economics, oriental studies, etc. In addition, the article presents an overview of the main conclusions of foreign, mainly European, researchers in the study of the model of power and property of the Stalinist period. The authors propose to consider the main institutions of the Russian power-proprietary system (ownership, marketability, planning, money), to study the subjects of proprietary rights, the system of divided property rights, the perception of property relations, etc. The proposed approaches will allow historical science to advance in the development of new research tasks for the study of the economic history of Russia of a unique period that entered science under the name of «Stalinist».
The treaty of Rapallo as a factor of international relations on the Central European periphery of the Versailles system (1922–1925)
Authors: Мезга Николай Николаевич
Published: August 2022

On the basis of the core – periphery paradigm of international relations system and the associated concept of regional subsystems, the analysis of the impact of the Rapallo treaty on international relations in the Central European subsystem of the Versailles system is carried out. It is established that the formation of prerequisites for the conclusion of the Rapallo treaty is largely related to the specifics of the Central European regional subsystem. It included states that were characterised by a different attitude to the Versailles system. Russia, which had not signed the Versailles treaty, was located on its border, but through the Riga treaty it actually became an actor within the Central European subsystem. The Rapallo Treaty was based on the common desire of Germany and Russia to destroy the international order that was established in the region by the Versailles and Riga treaties. This posed a threat to the international positions of a number of States in the region interested in preserving the Versailles system. The Rapallo treaty helped to strengthen this trend in the policy of the leading Western states.
Catholic organisation Opus Dei in Spain: origin and formation (1928–1975)
Authors: Настусевич Валерия Игоревна
Published: August 2022

The article examines the history of the emergence and development of the Catholic organisation Opus Dei. The key stages of its development are determined, the social and political, educational and intra-church activities of Opus Dei members during the Franco period are analysed. Special attention is given to the history of the origin of the organisation, its structure and institutionalisation, its influence on economic policy and education in Spain, as well as obtaining the official standing of Opus Dei in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. The problems of opening the first centers of the organisation, the foundation of the Priestly Society of the Holy Cross, the formation of legal mechanisms that allowed regulating the activities of Opus Dei are considered. It also examines the economic policy of the Spanish government during the period of the second Francoism, in which the main places were occupied by members of Opus Dei. The economic reforms carried out according to the stabilisation plan (1959) and development plans (1964–1967, 1968–1971, 1972–1973) are analysed.
The non-axisymmetric loading of an elastoplastic three-layer plate in its plane
Authors: Starovoitov Eduard I. , Nesterovich Alina V.
Published: August 2022

The statement of the boundary value problem on the deformation of a circular three-layer plate in its plane under the action of a non-axisymmetric load is herein presented. The materials of thin carrier layers obey the hypotheses of the theory of small elastoplastic deformations. The relatively thick filler is physically non-linearly elastic. A system of non-linear differential equilibrium equations in partial derivatives is obtained. A general technique for solving the problem in displacements based on the Fourier method and Ilyushin’s method of elastic solutions is proposed. The case of an external cosine load is considered. An iterative solution of a boundary value problem for a physically non-linear plate is obtained. The corresponding solution of the elastic problem is written out in the final form. The obtained solution is numerically tested.
Mathematical modelling of salt ion transfer in the three-dimensional desalting channel of an electrodialysis apparatus
Authors: Kovalenko Anna V. , Ovsyannikova Anna V.
Published: August 2022

A new 3D model of 1:1 salt ion transfer in the desalting channel of an electrodialysis apparatus is presented and investigated in this paper. For the first time a three-dimensional mathematical model of salt ion transfer in the desalting channel taking into account the electroconvection based on the system of Nernst – Planck, Poisson and Navier – Stokes equations with the electric force and the natural boundary conditions is proposed. To solve the boundary value problem, the finite element method is used in the cross-platform numerical analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics in combination with the method of successive approximations, when the electrochemical and hydrodynamic parts of the problem are solved one by one on the current layer. In turn, the electrochemical and hydrodynamic parts of the problem are solved by Newton’s method. As a result of numerical analysis, the fundamental regularities of salt ion transfer in a three-dimensional channel, the emergence and development of electroconvective vortices, including the discovery of new three-dimensional spiral forms of salt ions, are established for the first time. It is shown that electroconvective vortices exist in the form of clusters, within which vortex bifurcations can occur. Thus, the currently existing simplified view of the structure of electroconvective vortices is clarified and developed.
Kekuatan Akta Perdamaian dan Masalahnya
Authors: Andri Gusti Yosi , Djuariah Djuariah
Published: August 2022

Salah satu cara dalam menyelesaikan suatu sengketa yaitu melalui perdamaian. Di dalam Pasal 1851 KUH Perdata disebutkan bahwa perdamaian dituangkan secara tertulis dan bertujuan untuk mengakhiri perkara yang menggantung di sidang pengadilan atau mencegah timbulnya suatu perkara. Tujuan penulisan ini untuk mengetahui yang maksud dengan rumusan Pasal 1858 ayat (1) KUH Perdata apabila dikaitkan dengan kedua tujuan diadakannya perdamaian tersebut. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat perbedaan antara perdamaian yang diadakan untuk tujuan mengakhiri perkara yang sedang menggantung dalam sidang dengan perdamaian yang diadakan dengan tujuan mencegah timbulnya perkara. Perdamaian yang diadakan untuk tujuan mengakhiri perkara yang sedang menggantung dalam sidang disebut dengan putusan perdamaian. Sedangkan perdamaian yang diadakan dengan tujuan mencegah timbulnya perkara disebut dengan perjanjian perdamaian. Dengan demikian, daya kerja Pasal 1858 ayat (1) KUH Perdata hanya berlaku pada putusan perdamaian saja, karena perkara yang menggantung dalam sidang akhirnya diputus oleh Hakim berdasarkan kesepakatan damai dari para pihak yang dimuat secara tertulis pada akta perdmaian sehingga terbitlah kekuatan eksekutorial dimana jika ada pihak yang mengingkarinya maka dapat dilakukan eksekusi putusan pengadilan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap. Akan tetapi rumusan Pasal 1858 ayat (1) KUH Perdata tidak berlaku terhadap perjanjian perdamaian dan oleh karenanya apabila diingkari oleh salah satu pihak maka diajukan gugatan wanprestasi oleh pihak yang dirugikan.
Implementasi Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Pekerja di Indonesia Dalam Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu dan Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu Menurut Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja
Authors: Sutrisno Endang , Permana Deni Yusup
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan implementasi perlindungan hukum yang bertujuan terhadap kesejahteraan perlinudngan pekerja dalam Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT) dan Pekerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu (PKWTT) sesuai dalam ketentuan Undang-undang No.11 tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Menggunakan pendekatan secara yuridis normatif. Sehingga para pekerja bisa aman berlindung dengan adanya uu cipta kerja, ketika terdapat kekurangan hak pekerja yang menimbulkan jauh dari kata kesejahteraan bagi mereka maka disitulah peranan dari pada uu cipta kerja tersebut perlu di implementasikan agar para pekerja mendapat kepastian hukum. Jika lebih teliti lagi perlindungan terhadap pekerja/buruh Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT) dalam pelaksanaannya masih belum sesuai yang di harapkan untuk tercapai secara optimal, mengingat masih sering terjadi pelanggaran, dikarenakan oleh ketidak jelasan aturan tentang penerapanPerjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu, khususnya berkenaan dengan pekerjaan tertentu yang menurut jenis dan sifat atau pekerjaannya akan selesai dalam waktu tertentu, yaitu pekerjaan yang sekali selesai atau yang sementara sifatnya, pekerjaan yang diperkirakan penyelesaiannya dalam waktu yang tidak terlalu lama dan paling lama 3 (tiga) tahun, pekerjaan yang bersifat musiman atau pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan produk baru, kegiatan baru, atau produk tambahan yang masih dalam percobaan. Selain itu kurangnya pengawasan dari pemerintah dalam proses pembuatan Perjanjian Kerja Waktu tertentu, sehingga membuat pihak pengusaha dengan mudah bisa saya melanggar peraturan yang ada tanpa menerima suatu sanksi hukum. Maka pekerja perlu di lindungi dengan harus adanya kepastian hukum yang kuat dalam lingkungan ketenagakerjaan, maski sangat sulit tercapai namun jangan samapi hal itu di abaikan oleh pemerintah, karna pekerja merupakan salah satu sumber daya manusia yang dapat melancarkan pembangunan yang lebih maju.
Kepastian Hukum Pembentukan Badan Bank Tanah Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Diliwiyana Eka Muji , Priyambodo Mas Agus
Published: August 2022

Negara melalui lembaga pemerintah atau lembaga independen yang ditunjuk oleh pemerintah berwenang melakukan akuisisi tanah terlantar, mengelola dan mengatur sementara waktu, mendistrbusikan untuk kepentingan umum. Hal tersebut merupakan suatu kebijakan pertanahan yang disebut Bank Tanah. Dalam penelitian ini, jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dilakukan dengan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis bahan-bahan hukum dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif dan  normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bank Tanah adalah salah satu sarana manajemen sumber daya yang penting untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pemanfaatan tanah. Metode yang diusung dalam bank tanah adalah kontrol pasar dan stabilisasi tanah pasar lokal. Landasan filosofis dan yuridis pembentukan badan bank tanah yaitu bahwa negara memiliki kewajiban untuk memenuhi hak-hak dasar warganya seperti pekerjaan, penghidupan yang layak, tempat tinggal, sumber makanan hingga lingkungan yang memadai, hal tersebut sejalan dengan ketentuan yang tercantum di dalam amanat pembukaan dan Pasal 33 UUD NRI 1945. Kepastian Hukum Pembentukan Badan Bank Tanah Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi adalah dengan diterbitkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 64 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Bank Tanah.
Population fluctuation and distribution of bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in soybean crops
Authors: Ferreira Rodrigues Raimundo Henrique , Silva Luciana Barboza , Silva Maria Carolina Faria , Lopes José Wellington Batista , Araujo Lima Edivania , Sobreira Barbosa Ronny , Oliveira Almeida Lorrana Francisca
Published: August 2022

Studies on the spatiotemporal dynamics of crop pests enable the determination of their colonization pattern and dispersion in the landscape. Geostatistics is an efficient tool to determine the spatial distribution pattern of the pest in the crops and to visualize them in appropriate maps. Analysis of these maps across the crop developmental stages can be a helpful tool in precision agriculture programs. The aim of this study was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of Bemisia tabaci whitefly adults and nymphs in commercial soybean crops from planting to harvest. Infestation by the whitefly adults and nymphs started between 30 and 50 days after plant emergence. The maximum population density of ten adults per plant and two nymphs per leaf occurred between 90 and 101 days after plant emergence. In Kriging maps, it was possible to observe the distribution pattern for both adults and nymphs. The colonization of soybean plants by B. tabaci may be divided into three stages: beginning infestation (at the outermost parts of the crop), whole area colonization, and dispersion colonization (when the whole crop area is infested). The density of adult insects was positively correlated with rainfall and relative humidity. Wind speed positively affected the dispersion of adult whiteflies. The distribution pattern of B. tabaci in the soybean crop was aggregated. Climatic factors, such as wind speed, increase the dispersion radius of the whitefly in the crop. Contribution to the field.
Glycerol amendment enhances biosulfidogenesis in acid mine drainage-affected areas: An incubation column experiment
Authors: Ilin A. M. , van der Graaf C. M. , Yusta I. , Sorrentino A. , Sánchez-Andrea I. , Sánchez-España J.
Published: August 2022

Microbial sulfate (SO42−) reduction in Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) environments can ameliorate the acidity and extreme metal concentrations by consumption of protons via the reduction of SO42− to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the concomitant precipitation of metals as metal sulfides. The activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria can be stimulated by the amendment of suitable organic carbon sources in these generally oligotrophic environments. Here, we used incubation columns (IC) as model systems to investigate the effect of glycerol amendment on the microbial community composition and its effect on the geochemistry of sediment and waters in AMD environments. The ICs were built with natural water and sediments from four distinct AMD-affected sites with different nutrient regimes: the oligotrophic Filón Centro and Guadiana acidic pit lakes, the Tintillo river (Huelva, Spain) and the eutrophic Brunita pit lake (Murcia, Spain). Physicochemical parameters were monitored during 18 months, and the microbial community composition was determined at the end of incubation through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. SEM-EDX analysis of sediments and suspended particulate matter was performed to investigate the microbially-induced mineral (neo)formation. Glycerol amendment strongly triggered biosulfidogenesis in all ICs, with pH increase and metal sulfide formation, but the effect was much more pronounced in the ICs from oligotrophic systems. Analysis of the microbial community composition at the end of the incubations showed that the SRB Desulfosporosinus was among the dominant taxa observed in all sulfidogenic columns, whereas the SRB Desulfurispora, Desulfovibrio and Acididesulfobacillus appeared to be more site-specific. Formation of Fe3+ and Al3+ (oxy)hydroxysulfates was observed during the initial phase of incubation together with increasing pH while formation of metal sulfides (predominantly, Zn, Fe and Cu sulfides) was observed after 1–5 months of incubation. Chemical analysis of the aqueous phase at the end of incubation showed almost complete removal of dissolved metals (Cu, Zn, Cd) in the amended ICs, while Fe and SO42− increased towards the water-sediment interface, likely as a result of the reductive dissolution of Fe(III) minerals enhanced by Fe-reducing bacteria. The combined geochemical and microbiological analyses further establish the link between biosulfidogenesis and natural attenuation through metal sulfide formation and proton consumption.
Closed-form critical response of elastic-plastic shear building with viscous damper under pseudo-double impulse for simulating resonant response under near-fault fling-step motion
Authors: Akehashi Hiroki , Takewaki Izuru
Published: August 2022

A set of approximate closed-form solutions of the maximum interstory drifts under the critical pseudo-double impulse (PDI) is derived for non-proportionally damped multi-story shear building models with bilinear hysteresis. The use of PDI and the closed-form solutions efficiently and accurately enable the capture of the critical responses of elastic-plastic multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems under the one-cycle sine wave, which substitutes for the main part of near-fault fling-step motions. The formulation of the closed-form maximum interstory drifts is based on the energy balance law. In the formulation, a quadratic function approximation of the damping force-interstory drift relation is introduced together with an updated mode-controlled energy-based approach (UMEA). While UMEA was proposed in the previous paper to derive the approximate maximum interstory drifts of undamped elastic-plastic MDOF systems under the critical PDI, it is extended so that it can be applied to non-proportionally damped MDOF systems. It is demonstrated that the proposed method can estimate the maximum interstory drifts of elastic-plastic non-proportionally damped MDOF systems under the critical PDI and the corresponding one-cycle sine wave with high accuracy. The estimation by the proposed method can be conducted much more efficiently and stably than the time-history response analysis (THRA). It is also shown that the hysteretic energy dissipation is not large enough to reduce the maximum interstory drifts. Finally, it is demonstrated that the proposed method can accurately estimate the maximum interstory drifts of elastic-plastic moment-resisting frames with viscous dampers under the resonant one-cycle sine wave.
Stress hyperglycemia, Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19 infection: The impact on newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Authors: Farakla Ioanna , Lagousi Theano , Miligkos Michael , Nicolaides Nicolas C. , Vasilakis Ioannis-Anargyros , Mpinou Maria , Dolianiti Maria , Katechaki Elina , Taliou Anilia , Spoulou Vasiliki , Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina
Published: August 2022

Several recent studies have documented an increased incidence of newly diagnosed type 1 Diabetes (T1D) cases in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and a more severe presentation at diabetes onset. In this descriptive study, we present the experience of the Diabetes Centre of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism of the First Department of Pediatrics of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School at “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital in Athens, Greece, concerning new cases of T1D diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020- December 2021). Patients who had already been diagnosed with T1D and needed hospitalization due to poor control during the pandemic have been excluded from this study. Eighty- three children and adolescents with a mean age of 8,5 ± 4.02 years were admitted to the hospital due to newly diagnosed T1D during this 22 months’ period in comparison to 34 new cases in the previous year. All patients admitted during the pandemic with a new diagnosis of T1D, presented in their majority with DKA (Ph: 7.2) representing an increase of new severe cases in comparison to previous years (Ph 7.2 versus 7.3, p value: 0.021, in the previous year), [p-value: 0.027]. 49 cases presented with DKA, of which 24 were characterized moderate and 14 severe DKA (28.9% and 16,9%, respectively), while 5 patients newly diagnosed, needed to be admitted to the ICU to recover from severe acidosis. Whether a previous COVID- 19 infection could have been the triggering factor is not supported by the SARS-Cov2 specific antibodies analysis in our cohort of patients. As far as HbA1c is concerned there was no statistically significant difference between the pre COVID-19 year and the years of the pandemic (11.6% versus 11.9%, p- value: 0.461). Triglycerides values were significantly higher in patients with new onset T1D during COVID-19 years compared to those before the pandemic (p value= 0.032). Additionally, there is a statistically significant correlation between Ph and Triglycerides for the whole period 2020-2021 (p-value<0.001), while this correlation is not significant for the year 2019. More large- scale studies are required to confirm these observations.
Structural, enzymatic and spatiotemporal regulation of PP2A-B55 phosphatase in the control of mitosis
Authors: Lacroix Benjamin , Lorca Thierry , Castro Anna
Published: August 2022

Cells require major physical changes to induce a proper repartition of the DNA. Nuclear envelope breakdown, DNA condensation and spindle formation are promoted at mitotic entry by massive protein phosphorylation and reversed at mitotic exit by the timely and ordered dephosphorylation of mitotic substrates. This phosphorylation results from the balance between the activity of kinases and phosphatases. The role of kinases in the control of mitosis has been largely studied, however, the impact of phosphatases has long been underestimated. Recent data have now established that the regulation of phosphatases is crucial to confer timely and ordered cellular events required for cell division. One major phosphatase involved in this process is the phosphatase holoenzyme PP2A-B55. This review will be focused in the latest structural, biochemical and enzymatic insights provided for PP2A-B55 phosphatase as well as its regulators and mechanisms of action.
FGF-mediated establishment of left-right asymmetry requires Rab7 function in the dorsal mesoderm in Xenopus
Authors: Kreis Jennifer , Camuto Celine Marie , Elsner Carolin Charlotte , Vogel Sebastian , Vick Philipp
Published: August 2022

Gastrulation denotes a very important developmental process, which includes significant structural tissue rearrangements and patterning events that shape the emerging vertebrate organism. At the end of gastrulation, the three body axes are spatially defined while the left-right axis still lacks any molecular or morphological polarity. In most vertebrates, this is established during neurulation by a symmetry breaking LR organizer. However, this mesoderm-derived structure depends on proper induction and specification of the mesoderm, which in turn requires involvement of several signaling pathways. Endocytosis and the endosomal machinery offer manifold platforms for intracellular pathway regulation, especially late endosomes claim increasing attention. The late endosomal regulator Rab7 has been linked to mesoderm specification during gastrulation. Distinct axial defects due to compromised dorsal mesoderm development in rab7-deficient Xenopus embryos suggested a requirement of Rab7 for FGF-dependent mesoderm patterning and LR asymmetry. Here we specifically addressed such a role of Rab7, demonstrating a functional requirement for LR organizer development and symmetry breakage. Using different FGF/MAPK pathway components we show that Rab7 participates in dorsal mesoderm patterning. We suggest a hierarchical classification of Rab7 upstream of MAPK-dependent mesoderm specification, most probably at the level of the small GTPase Ras. Thus, this study affords an insight on how the Rab7-regulated endosomal machinery could participate in signal transduction to enable correct mesoderm specification and left-right asymmetry.
Sensing local energetics to acutely regulate mitophagy in skeletal muscle
Authors: Nichenko Anna S. , Specht Kalyn S. , Craige Siobhan M. , Drake Joshua C.
Published: August 2022

The energetic requirements of skeletal muscle to sustain movement, as during exercise, is met largely by mitochondria, which form an intricate, interconnected reticulum. Maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial reticulum is essential for skeletal muscle function, suggesting quality control pathways are spatially governed. Mitophagy, the process by which damaged and/or dysfunctional regions of the mitochondrial reticulum are removed and degraded, has emerged as an integral part of the molecular response to exercise. Upregulation of mitophagy in response to acute exercise is directly connected to energetic sensing mechanisms through AMPK. In this review, we discuss the connection of mitophagy to muscle energetics and how AMPK may spatially control mitophagy through multiple potential means.
Biomedical applications of iron sulfide-based nanozymes
Authors: Shan Yunyi , Lu Wenjie , Xi Juqun , Qian Yayun
Published: August 2022

Nanozymes have attracted great interest owing to their marvelous advantages, such as high stability, facile preparation, and high tunability. In particular, iron sulfide-based nanozymes (termed as ISNs), as one of the most researched nanomaterials with versatile enzyme-mimicking properties, have proved their potential in biomedical applications. In this review, we briefly summarize the classification, catalytic mechanisms of ISNs and then principally introduce ISNs’ biomedical applications in biosensors, tumor therapy, antibacterial therapy, and others, demonstrating that ISNs have promising potential for alleviating human health.
Myocarditis in SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. COVID-19 vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Voleti Navya , Reddy Surya Prakash , Ssentongo Paddy
Published: August 2022

Background

This study aimed to compare the incidence of myocarditis in COVID-19 vaccines and in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection groups.

Methods

Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the WHO Global Literature on Coronavirus Disease) and trial registries were searched up to May 2022, for randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies reporting the risk of myocarditis associated with the COVID-19 vaccines and the risk associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We estimated the effect of COVID-19 infection and vaccines on rates of myocarditis by random-effects meta-analyses using the generic inverse variance method. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to assess the effect of sex and age on the incidence of myocarditis.

Results

We identified 22 eligible studies consisting of 55.5 million vaccinated cohorts and 2.5 million in the infection cohort. The median age was 49 years (interquartile range (IQR): 38–56), and 49% (IQR: 43 to 52%) were men. Of patients diagnosed with myocarditis (in both vaccination and COVID-19 cohort) 1.07% were hospitalized and 0.015% died. The relative risk (RR) for myocarditis was more than seven times higher in the infection group than in the vaccination group [RR: 15 (95% CI: 11.09–19.81, infection group] and RR: 2 (95% CI: 1.44-2.65, vaccine group). Of patients who developed myocarditis after receiving the vaccine or having the infection, 61% (IQR: 39–87%) were men. Meta-regression analysis indicated that men and younger populations had a higher risk of myocarditis. A slow decline in the rates of myocarditis was observed as a function of time from vaccination. The risk of bias was low.

Conclusion

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we found that the risk of myocarditis is more than seven fold higher in persons who were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 than in those who received the vaccine. These findings support the continued use of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines among all eligible persons per CDC and WHO recommendations.
Effect of dam construction on spawning activity of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the lower Yellow River
Authors: Bao Hexin , Zhang Shanghong , Tang Caihong , Yang Xiyan
Published: August 2022

The construction of water conservancy projects not only brings benefits such as flood control and disaster reduction but also has many effects on the habitat and reproduction of local aquatic organisms. Taking the reach from Xuzhuang Station to Gaocun Station in the lower Yellow River as an example, this paper discusses the effect of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the habitat of Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio). By constructing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, coupled with a habitat suitability model of the spawning ground of Yellow River carp, the weighted usable area (WUA) of the Yellow River carp habitat was calculated, and the spatial distribution of the habitat suitability index (HSI) in the reach was analyzed to evaluate habitat quality before and after the construction of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. The results showed that the Xiaolangdi Reservoir had a negative effect on the habitat of Yellow River carp, resulting in the reduction of the spatial distribution of HSI, a decrease in WUA by 45.53%, and a decrease in habitat quality. The construction of the Xiaolangdi Reservoir reduced or even eliminated flow pulses in the downstream reach, but had little effect on the suitability index of water depth and velocity. However, the suitability index of water level rise was significantly reduced, which is not conducive to the spawning activities of aquatic organisms and has a negative effect on habitat. The results of this study will provide a reference for ecological restoration in this region.
Predictors of psychological and physiological measures of graduate student health during COVID-19
Authors: Marashi Maryam , Heisz Jennifer J.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic brought on higher-than-normal levels of anxiety and depression, especially among graduate students whose academic trajectory was disrupted. However, not all graduate students were affected and therefore, it is important to identify potential protective factors.

Method

We recruited 61 graduate students whose research was directly impacted by the pandemic and examined their change in academic stressors since the onset of the pandemic. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to evaluate how perceived academic stressors brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic impacted anxiety, depression, and heart rate variability (HRV), and whether physical activity and trait resiliency independently buffered against the effects of stress.

Results

Graduate students who reported greater changes in academic stressors since the onset for the pandemic were more anxious and depressed. Moderate-intensity physical activity explained significant variance in anxiety whereas resiliency explained significant variance in both anxiety and depression. HRV was higher in males than females, aligning with sex differences in vulnerability to stress and mental illness.

Conclusion

Overall, the results suggest that resiliency and physical activity may offer unique protection against symptoms of anxiety and depression in graduate students experiencing increased academic stress during COVID-19. Institutions of higher education should consider investing in programs that encourage physical activity and promote resiliency by teaching mindfulness, stress management, and cognitive behavioral approaches.
Transcriptomic analysis shows that surgical treatment is likely to influence the endometrial receptivity of patients with stage III/IV endometriosis
Authors: Xiang Rui , Chen Peigen , Zeng Zhi , Liu Huijun , Zhou Juan , Zhou Chuanchuan , Peng Jintao , Zeng Haitao
Published: August 2022

Background

Endometriosis negatively affects fertility, and it is a common disease in assisted reproductive practice. Surgical removal of endometriotic lesions is widely carried out to relieve symptoms and promote fertility. But it is not intensively investigated what changes in the secretory eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis after surgery.

Methods

Eighteen patients with stage III/IV endometriosis were included in the study, and they were divided into the untreated group and the treated group (6 vs. 12). Basic clinical data were compared, and transcriptomic data of the secretory eutopic endometrium were analyzed with DESeq2, Cytoscape, ClueGO, CluePedia, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). CIBERSORT was used to calculate the relative abundance of 22 immune cells in the samples.

Results

We determined 346 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using DESeq2. These DEGs were used to enrich seven Gene Ontology terms including three associated with immune processes and one correlated to prostaglandin using ClueGO and CluePedia. GSEA enriched 28 Gene Ontology terms in the treated group mainly associated with immune and blood pressure regulation process. Compared to the untreated group, the relative abundance of resting CD4+ memory T cells [0.218 (0.069, 0.334) vs. 0.332 (0.181, 0.429), P = 0.022] and the even less abundant memory B cells [0.001 (0.000, 0.083) vs. 0.033 (0.007, 0.057), P = 0.049] are significantly decreased in the treated group.

Conclusion

Surgical treatment of stage III/IV endometriosis influences some genes and biological processes related to endometrial receptivity, but more evidence is needed.
What’s the difference between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma? Evidence from a retrospective analysis in a cohort of Chinese patients
Authors: Wang Wen , Liu Hui , Li Guoli
Published: August 2022

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are the two most common subtypes of lung cancer. Previously, they were categorized into one histological subtype known as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and often treated similarly. However, increasing evidence suggested that LUAD and LUSC should be classified and treated as different cancers. But yet, detailed differences in clinical features between LUAD and LUSC have not been well described.

Methods

A cohort of 142 Chinese patients with 111 LUAD and 31 LUSC cases were consecutively enrolled from April 2019 to October 2020 in Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital. The clinical features of the patients were retrospectively analyzed and compared in the terms of general information, clinicopathologic characteristics, imaging findings and laboratory data.

Results

In comparison with LUAD, LUSC patients had a significantly higher proportion of males, smokers, drinkers, higher-stage cases. The mean tumor size in LUSC patients was significantly larger than that in LUAD patients. Compared with LUAD patients, more of patients with LUSC had cough, fever and abundant sputum symptoms. Besides that, more bacterial infections and fungal infections were found in LUSC patients than that in LUAD patients. Imaging data shows that ground-glass opacity and patchy shadows in radiological films were more frequent in LUAD patients than that in LUSC patients. In addition to initial laboratory data, LUSC patients had higher levels of leukocytes, platelets, and creatinine that of LUAD patients.

Conclusions

Together, these results suggested that there exist distinct differences between LUAD and LUSC subtypes; LUSC may be a more malignant type in comparison with LUAD. Our findings may have potential implications in clinical settings. However, further multicenter studies are needed to validate these findings in a larger sample size.
Identification of ferroptosis-associated biomarkers for the potential diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Hu Yunxiang , Han Jun , Ding Shengqiang , Liu Sanmao , Wang Hong
Published: August 2022

Objective

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is one of the most commonly occurring conditions worldwide and is characterized by estrogen deficiency as well as persistent calcium loss with age. The aim of our study was to identify significant ferroptosis-associated biomarkers for PMOP.

Methods and materials

We obtained our training dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database using GSE56815 expression profiling data. Meanwhile, we extracted ferroptosis-associated genes for further analysis. Differentially expressed ferroptosis-associated genes (DEFAGs) between OP patients and normal controls were selected using the “limma” package. We established a ferroptosis-associated gene signature using training models, specifically, random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) models. It was further validated in another dataset (GSE56814) which also showed a high AUC: 0.98, indicating high diagnostic value. Using consensus clustering, the OP patient subtypes were identified. A ferroptosis associated gene (FAG)-Scoring scheme was developed by PCA. The important candidate genes associated with OP were also compared between different ferrclusters and geneclusters.

Results

There were significant DEFAGs acquired, of which five (HMOX1, HAMP, LPIN1, MAP3K5, FLT3) were selected for establishing a ferroptosis-associated gene signature. Analyzed from the ROC curve, our established RF model had a higher AUC value than the SVM model (RF model AUC:1.00). Considering these results, the established RF model was chosen to be the most appropriate training model. Later, based on the expression levels of the five DEFAGs, a clinical application nomogram was established. The OP patients were divided into two subtypes (ferrcluster A, B and genecluster A, B, respectively) according to the consensus clustering method based on DEFAGs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Ferrcluster B and genecluster B had higher ferroptosis score than ferrcluster A and genecluster A, respectively. The expression of COL1A1 gene was significantly higher in ferrcluster B and gencluster B compared with ferrcluster A and gencluster A, respectively, while there is no statistical difference in term of VDR gene, COL1A2 genes, and PTH gene expressions between ferrcluster A and B, together with gencluster A and B.

Conclusions

On the basis of five explanatory variables (HMOX1, HAMP, LPIN1, MAP3K5 and FLT3), we developed a diagnostic ferroptosis-associated gene signature and identified two differently categorized OP subtypes that may potentially be applied for the early diagnosis and individualized treatment of PMOP. The ER gene, VDR gene, IL-6 gene, COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, and PTH gene are important candidate gene of OP, however, more studies are still anticipated to further elucidate the relationship between these genes and ferroptosis in OP.
Electrochemical performance of high and medium entropy oxides for lithium batteries
Authors: Fracchia M. , Callegari D. , Coduri M. , Anselmi-Tamburini U. , Manzoli M. , Quartarone E. , Ghigna P.
Published: August 2022

Various high and medium entropy oxides with rock salt structures were prepared and studied as anodes for lithium batteries. All the systems had complex reaction mechanisms involving conversion reactions. Their capacity and reduction potential depend on the number of components and microstructure of the initial materials. However, the dependence is difficult to rationalize based on simple stability logic. This paper discusses the implication of our findings in the wider context of the science of high entropy materials.
Numerical analysis of thermal transportation in nanodiamond and silver-based nanofluid using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model
Authors: Zuhra Samina , Sikander Waseem , Elkotb Mohamed Abdelghany , Tag-Eldin E. M. , Khattak Sana Gul , Yassen Mansour F.
Published: August 2022

Background and Purpose: Studying the effects of suction and injection on heat transportation in nanofluids for time-dependent boundary layer flow is a key topic in fluid dynamics. Aerodynamics and the sciences of space both make extensive use of these types of flow. In this research, nanodiamond and silver nanoparticles in water-type base-fluid nanofluids flow are analyzed under the effects of thermal radiation and non-Fourier theory.

Methodology: A mathematical system having certain physical variations of the flow model is converted to a non-dimensional ordinary differential equation system via suitable similarity transformation variables. Then the flow model is numerically solved by RK4 and a shooting technique to describe the dynamics of the nanofluids under varied flow conditions. RK4 with the shooting approach gives a rapid result with high convergence accuracy. The relevant characteristics of physical quantities evaluated by an inclusive numerical scheme are observed for flow pattern, temperature distribution, and nanofluids concentration variations in the presence of suction and injection fluxes.

Finding: According to the findings, both ND-H2O and Ag-H2O have outstanding thermal performance characteristics. The Ag-based nanofluid, however, has a better heat transfer capability. To validate the analysis, a graphical and tabular comparison is presented under specified assumptions. The key finding is that, with the injection effect, the heat flow rate is larger than with the suction effect. The unsteadiness parameter causes a drop in the velocity profile, whereas energy distribution rises with this parameter.
Identification of lncRNA biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma by comprehensive analysis of the lncRNA-mediated ceRNA network
Authors: Ye Dingde , Liu Yaping , Chen Yanuo , Li Guoqiang , Sun Beicheng , Peng Jin , Xu Qingxiang
Published: August 2022

Growing evidence implicates that miRNAs can interact with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to regulate target mRNAs through competitive interactions. However, this mechanism that regulate tumorigenesis and cancer progression remains largely unexplored. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which play a significant role in regulating gene expression. The purpose of our study was to determine potential lncRNA biomarkers to predict the prognosis of HCC by comprehensive analysis of a ceRNA network. The edgeR package was used to obtain the differentially expressed RNA datasets by analyzing 370 HCC tissues and 50 adjacent non-HCC tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Through investigating the differentially expressed between HCC tissues and adjacent non-HCC tissues, a total of 947 lncRNAs, 52 miRNAs, and 1,650 mRNAs were obtained. The novel constructed ceRNA network incorporated 99 HCC-specific lncRNAs, four miRNAs, and 55 mRNAs. Survival analysis identified 22 differentially expressed mRNAs, four miRNAs, and nine lncRNAs which were associated with overall survival (OS) time in HCC (p < 0.05), and further exploration was performed to assess the correlation of these differentially expressed genes with tumor stage. The Interpretation of the potential functions of these differentially expressed genes in HCC was realized by Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. Seven lncRNAs were confirmed based on univariate Cox regression analysis, lasso COX regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis to construct a predictive model in HCC patients which were related to the prognosis of OS. In summary, ceRNAs contributed to explore the mechanism of tumorigenesis and development, and a model with seven lncRNAs might be potential biomarker to predict the prognosis of HCC. These findings supported the need to studies on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of HCC by ceRNAs.
Identification of a 5-lncRNA-Based Signature for Immune Characteristics and Prognosis of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Verification of the Function of lncRNA SPATA41
Authors: Huan Sheng , Chen Miao , Sun Sumin , Zhong Yanling , Chen Yu , Ji Yihao , Yin Guoping
Published: August 2022

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Traditional tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system has many insufficiencies in predicting immune characteristics, overall survival (OS), and prognosis of LUSC. LncRNA is currently found involved in tumor development and effectively predicts tumor prognosis. We screened potential tumor-related lncRNAs for immune characteristics and constructed a nomogram combining lncRNA and traditional clinical indicators for prognosis prediction. We obtained the large-scale gene expression profiles of samples from 492 LUSC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. SPATA41, AL034550.2, AP003721.2, AC106786.1, and AC078889.1 were finally screened to construct a 5-lncRNA-based signature. The risk score of the signature divided patients into subgroups of high-risk and low-risk with significant differences in OS. Their area under the curve (AUC) reached more than 0.70 in 1, 3, and 5 years. In addition, compared with the high-risk subgroup, the low-risk subgroup exhibited a remarkably favorable prognosis and TME score, along with a higher immune infiltration score and lower TIDE score. The signature also significantly related to chemotherapy response, especially in cisplatin, vinorelbine, and paclitaxel. Importantly, the nomogram we constructed had good reliability with the assessment of the calibration chart and consistency index (c-index). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that co-expression mRNAs of the 5 lncRNAs were mainly focused on RNA splicing, DNA replication, and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Functional assays demonstrated that SPATA41, one of the five OS-related lncRNAs, regulated invasion, migration, proliferation, and programmed death in vitro. In summary, our 5-lncRNA-based signature has a good performance in predicting immune characteristics and prognosis of LUSC patients.