bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitative assessment of proposed visual key information pages for informed consent
Authors: Cooksey Krista E. , Goldstein Eliana , Lee Clara , Mozersky Jessica , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Gallegos Victor Catalan , Politi Mary C.
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

The 2018 Common Rule revision intended to improve informed consent by recommending a concise key information (KI) section, yet provided little guidance about how to describe KI. We developed innovative, visual KI templates with attention to health literacy and visual design principles. We explored end users’ attitudes, beliefs, and institutional policies that could affect implementing visual KI pages.

Materials and methods:

From October 2023 to April 2024, we conducted semi-structured interviews with principal investigators, research staff, and Institutional Review Board (IRB) personnel, including those in oversight/management, and community partners. Forty participants from three academic institutions (in the Midwest, Southeast, and Mountain West) viewed example KI pages and completed interviews. We coded written transcripts inductively and deductively based on the capability, opportunity, and motivation to change behavior (COM-B) framework. Data were analyzed using content analysis and organized thematically.

Results:

Participants responded positively to the visual KI examples. They discussed potential benefits, including improving information processing and understanding of study procedures, diversity in research, trust in research, and study workflow. They also described potential challenges to consider before widespread implementation: IRBs’ interpretations of federal guidelines, possible impacts on IRB submission processes, the effort/skill required to develop visuals, and difficulty succinctly communicating study risks. There was no consensus about when to use visual KI during consent, and some wondered if they were feasible for all study types.

Discussion:

Visual KI offers a promising solution to long-standing informed consent challenges. Future work can explore resources and training to address challenges and promote widespread use.
Identifying probabilistic weather regimes targeted to a local-scale impact variable
Authors: Spuler Fiona R. , Kretschmer Marlene , Kovalchuk Yevgeniya , Balmaseda Magdalena Alonso , Shepherd Theodore G.
Published: November 2024

Large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns, so-called weather regimes, modulate the occurrence of extreme events such as heatwaves or extreme precipitation. In their role as mediators between long-range teleconnections and local impacts, weather regimes have demonstrated potential in improving long-term climate projections as well as sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasts. However, existing methods for identifying weather regimes are not specifically designed to capture the relevant physical processes responsible for variations in the impact variable in question. This paper introduces a novel probabilistic machine learning method, RMM-VAE, for identifying weather regimes targeted to a local-scale impact variable. Based on a variational autoencoder architecture, the method combines non-linear dimensionality reduction with a prediction task and probabilistic clustering in one coherent architecture. The new method is applied to identify circulation patterns over the Mediterranean region targeted to precipitation over Morocco and compared to three existing approaches: two established linear methods and another machine-learning approach. The RMM-VAE method identifies regimes that are more predictive of the target variable compared to the two linear methods, both in terms of terciles and extremes in precipitation, while also improving the reconstruction of the input space. Further, the regimes identified by the RMM-VAE method are also more robust and persistent compared to the alternative machine learning method. The results demonstrate the potential benefit of the new method for use in various climate applications such as sub-seasonal forecasting, and illustrate the trade-offs involved in targeted clustering.
Advice taking when the stakes are high: Evidence from a game show
Authors: Løhre Erik , Halkjelsvik Torleif
Published: November 2024

Research on advice taking has demonstrated a phenomenon of egocentric discounting: people weight their own estimates more than advice from others. However, this research is mostly conducted in highly controlled lab settings with low or no stakes. We used unique data from a game show on Norwegian television to investigate advice taking in a high stakes and highly public setting. Parallel to the standard procedure in judge–advisor systems studies, contestants give numerical estimates for several tasks and solicit advice (another estimate) from three different sources during the game. The average weight of advice was 0.58, indicating that contestants weighted advice more than their own estimates. Of potential predictors of weight of advice, we did not detect associations with the use of intuition (e.g., gut feeling, guessing) and advice source (family, celebrities, average of viewers from hometown), but own estimation success (the proportion of previous rounds won) was associated with less weight of advice. Solicitation of advice was associated with higher stakes. Together with the relatively high weight on advice, this suggests that participants considered the advice valuable. On average, estimates did not improve much after advice taking, and the potential for improvement by averaging estimates and advice was negligible. We discuss different factors that could contribute to these findings, including stakes, solicited versus unsolicited advice, task difficulty, and high public scrutiny. The results suggest that highly controlled lab studies may not give an accurate representation of advice taking in high stakes and highly public settings.
Intermittency of gravity wave turbulence on the surface of an infinitely deep fluid: directional effects
Authors: Kirezci Cagil , Skvortsov Alexei T. , Sgarioto Daniel , Babanin Alexander V.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the influence of surface wave characteristics, specifically wave steepness and directional spreading, on intermittency in deep-water gravity wave turbulence through long-term numerical simulations of three-dimensional potential fully nonlinear periodic gravity waves. We conducted this investigation by estimating the scaling exponent of the surface elevation under different sea state conditions. With our numerical methods, we were able to evaluate the scaling exponents of the structure-function up to 12th order. The observed increased intermittency in directionally narrower sea states and in higher steepness conditions aligns with known effects of quasi-resonant wave–wave interactions and wave breaking. Comparative analyses reveal that both the conventional She–Leveque model and the multifractal models, also used to represent intermittency in wave turbulence of a different nature, exhibit a strong correlation in this study. This observation underscores the universality of intermittency phenomena within wave turbulence.
Upper bound of heat flux in an anelastic model for Rayleigh–Bénard convection
Authors: Alboussière T. , Ricard Y. , Labrosse S.
Published: November 2024

Bounds on heat transfer have been the subject of previous studies concerning convection in the Boussinesq approximation: in the Rayleigh–Bénard configuration, the first result obtained by Howard (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 17, issue 3, 1963, pp. 405–432) states that the dimensionless heat flux

$\textit {Nu}$

carried out by convection is such that

$\textit {Nu} < (3/64 \ Ra)^{1/2}$

for large values of the Rayleigh number

$Ra$

, independently of the Prandtl number

$Pr$

. This is still the best-known upper bound, only with the prefactor improved to

$\textit {Nu} -1 < 0.02634 \ Ra^{1/2}$

by Plasting & Kerswell (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 477, 2003, pp. 363–379). In the present paper, this result is extended to compressible convection. An upper bound is obtained for the anelastic liquid approximation, which is similar to an anelastic model used in astrophysics based on a turbulent diffusivity for entropy. The anelastic bound is still scaling as

$Ra^{1/2}$

, independently of

$Pr$

, but depends on the dissipation number

$\mathcal {D}$

and on the equation of state. For monatomic gases and large Rayleigh numbers, the bound is

$\textit {Nu} < 25.8\, Ra^{{1}/{2}} / (1-\mathcal {D}/2 )^{{5}/{2}}$

.
Regeneration of branching processes with immigration in varying environments
Authors: Sun Hong-Yan , Wang Hua-Ming , Li Bao-Zhi , Yang Hui
Published: November 2024

We consider linear-fractional branching processes (one-type and two-type) with immigration in varying environments. For
$n\ge0$
, let
$Z_n$
count the number of individuals of the nth generation, which excludes the immigrant who enters the system at time n. We call n a regeneration time if
$Z_n=0$
. For both the one-type and two-type cases, we give criteria for the finiteness or infiniteness of the number of regeneration times. We then construct some concrete examples to exhibit the strange phenomena caused by the so-called varying environments. For example, it may happen that the process is extinct, but there are only finitely many regeneration times. We also study the asymptotics of the number of regeneration times of the model in the example.
Integrating the Papacy: Papal Infallibility and a Synodal Church
Authors: Stayne John
Published: November 2024

One of the most enduring criticisms of papal infallibility is that it seems to set the pope apart from the Church. Much has already been done to correct this impression, but the current ‘synodal moment’ offers a unique opportunity to substantially further this ecclesiological integration. Along such lines, the present article first proposes that the teachings on infallibility in Lumen gentium be read through the chapter on the People of God (LG25 through LG12), thereby treating the pope as a member of the faithful and drawing out the charismatic dimension of infallibility. The article then pivots to exploring the widely overlooked Eastern Catholic reception of Vatican I. Specifically, it details the dogmatic importance of a clause added to Pastor aeternus by two patriarchs as part of their conditional acceptance – something drawing from a deeper tradition of synodal examination of papal teaching. These two sections converge to reveal a more synodal infallibility at the level of initial discernment and reception. More so, these genuinely synodal elements of papal infallibility are discovered as existing within the previous tradition. Elements that, going forward, can fruitfully be given a new hermeneutical priority.
Dissecting the relationships between the insect vector Empoasca paraparvipenis with Camptotheca acuminata witches’ broom phytoplasma
Authors: Cai Hong , He Menglan , Cai Yinfeng , Qiao Kai , Huang Weiyi , Munir Shahzad
Published: November 2024

Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited bacteria that are primarily transmitted by hemipteran insects and are emerging threats to Camptotheca acuminata Decne plants due to their associations with a witches’ broom disease. Despite numerous studies, there has been no report on insect transmission of phytoplasma among C. acuminata. Here, transmission characteristics of the leafhopper, Empoasca paraparvipenis Zhang and Liu, 2008 and the phytoplasma in plant leaves through PCR quantification are described. The interaction between C. acuminata-phytoplasma and insect vectors was examined by analysing the impact on the life characteristics and progeny population in a temperature-dependent manner. Phytoplasma-infected C. acuminata plant exhibited symptoms including shorter internodes, weak and clustered branches, shrunken and yellowed leaves, and red leaf margins. The acquisition and transmission time of bacterial-infected third-instar nymphs of insect vectors were 10 (11.11%) and 30 min (33.33%), respectively. A single insect vector can infect a plant after 72 h of feeding, and the incidence rate of disease increases with the number of insects following 11–100% from single to 20 insects. The development time of the infected insect vectors (1–3 instars) was significantly shorter than that of the healthy insects, and the development duration of instar individuals was longer. In progeny populations, the higher the phytoplasma concentration (88–0% for 1–5 instars nymph, female and male adults), the shorter the development time and the longer the adult lifetime (both male and female). These findings provided research evidence of phytoplasma transmission by insect vectors; however, further investigation of the mechanisms for prevention and management of phytoplasma diseases is needed.
A morphosyntactic authorship attribution study of the speeches of Demosthenes and Apollodorus
Authors: Gorman Vanessa B. , Gorman Robert J.
Published: November 2024

Questions about authorship have plagued the corpus of Demosthenic orations since antiquity. In particular, scholars often assign certain speeches (usually 46, 49, 50, 52, 53 and 59; sometimes also 47 and 51) to Apollodorus, son of Pasion. We apply an innovative approach to the problem, using morphosyntactic information from dependency treebanks. From the treebank annotation we create input data for various well-established computational approaches to authorship attribution. The usefulness of the input data is first tested with clustering algorithms. We then make finer distinction with a logistic regression classifier. All steps are explained in detail for the benefit of those unfamiliar with computational stylometry. In broadest terms, our results are remarkably consistent with the common opinion about the orations, identifying 49, 50, 52 and 53 as written by a single author, who was not Demosthenes (presumably Apollodorus). We also discuss syntactic traits that are peculiarly ‘Apollodoran’ or ‘Demosthenic’. However, we demonstrate that the data point away from both authors for Dem. 46 and 51, while conclusions about 47 and 59 are ambiguous.
Recent state-of-the-art of fake review detection: a comprehensive review
Authors: Gupta Richa , Jindal Vinita , Kashyap Indu
Published: November 2024

Online reviews have a significant impact on the purchasing decisions of potential consumers. Positive reviews often sway buyers, even when faced with higher prices. This phenomenon has given rise to a deceptive industry dedicated to crafting counterfeit reviews. Companies frequently indulge in procuring bulk fake reviews, employing them to tarnish their rivals’ reputations or artificially bolster their credibility. These spurious reviews materialize through automated systems or compensated individuals. Thus, detecting fake reviews is becoming increasingly important due to their deceptive nature, as they are extremely difficult for humans to identify. To address this issue, current work has focused on machine learning and deep learning techniques to identify fake reviews. However, they have several limitations, including a lack of sufficient training data, inconsistency in providing accurate solutions across different datasets, concept drift, and inability to address new methods that evolved to create fake reviews over time. The objective of this review paper is to find the gaps in the existing research in the field of fake review detection and provide future directions. This paper provides the latest, comprehensive overview and analysis of research efforts focusing on various techniques employed so far, distinguishing characteristics utilized, and the existing datasets used.
Italian Operetta and the Publishing Industry: The Case of Sonzogno, 1874–1916
Authors: Palidda Alessandra
Published: November 2024

This article explores the importance of the Casa Sonzogno publishing house for the Italian operetta market from the second half of the nineteenth century until the eve of the First World War, including its offshoot company Casa musicale Lorenzo Sonzogno. The article focuses particularly on Casa Sonzogno’s policies of importation, translation and intermedial adaptation of foreign (mainly French) light music-theatre works, especially in the context of the wider social, economic and technological environment of Milan at the turn of the twentieth century, and considers Sonzogno’s concorsi for young composers. The article then addresses the experimental activities of the Casa musicale Lorenzo Sonzogno (1909–15), notably across opera, operetta and cinema. Casa Sonzogno’s centrality to the establishment of an Italian operetta market, I argue, both highlights the crucial role of publishers in the Italian operetta industry, and offers an alternative theatrical history to familiar narratives focused on Casa Ricordi and Italian opera.
Composing Thoughts: Free Speech and the Importance of Thinking Aloud in Music and Images
Authors: Salje Léa , Simpson Robert Mark
Published: November 2024

Why should musical compositions and artistic images be included among the types of expression covered by free speech principles? One way to answer this question is to show how expression in nonverbal media can be functionally similar to other types of verbal expression. But this leaves us with an intuitively unsatisfying explanation of why free speech principles cover nonverbal creative expression that does not functionally emulate literal speech. In this article, as an alternative justification, we develop and defend the idea that musical and pictorial expression‚ much like literal speech, can be media through which people think aloud, as opposed to mere tools for the transmission of thought. We use this proposal to provide a more robust justification for including nonverbal creative expression in the scope of free speech coverage, and we outline some of the practical policy implications that come with adopting this justificatory strategy.
3D-printed lens antenna integrated with OMT for V-band applications
Authors: Ahmad Zunnurain , Harle Lee
Published: November 2024

3D printed orthomode transducer (OMT) integrated with a 3D printed lens antenna is presented in this work. The OMT integrated with the lens antenna covers the range of 54–80 GHz, the radiator can handle a fractional bandwidth of 38%. Fused filament fabrication printing process is used for the domed elliptical profile lens antenna and polyjet printing process is used for fabrication of the OMT. The simulated radiation efficiency of the antenna remains above 90% for the entire bandwidth and the structure shows a gain of above 16 dBi.
Accelerated Historical and Future Warming in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Malik Abdul , Stenchikov Georgiy , Mostamandi Suleiman , Parajuli Sagar , Lelieveld Jos , Zittis George , Ahsan Muhammad Sheraz , Atique Luqman , Usman Muhammad
Published: November 2024

The present study assesses the climate of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in detail, focusing on the historical and future warming trends in the region. The assessment incorporates data from observations, reanalyses, and statistically downscaled climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phases 5 and 6. Since the pre‐industrial era, the observed average climate in the MENA has warmed by 1.5°C and is on the brink of exceeding 2°C. The reanalysis data suggest that the regional warming over some MENA sub‐regions is three times faster than the global average. By the end of the 21st century, the Arabian Peninsula is projected to warm to 2.6°C ± 0.57°C and 7.6°C ± 1.53°C under low and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios, respectively. Distinct warming hotspots emerge over the Arabian Peninsula and Algeria in summer and over Mauritania in West Africa and the Elburz Mountains in Iran in winter. The summer hotspot over the Arabian Peninsula has already warmed by more than 2°C and can potentially warm to approximately 9°C under the high‐emission scenario. As global warming progresses to 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0°C, the average temperature over the MENA land is projected to increase by 2.3°C ± 0.18°C, 3.0°C ± 0.22°C, 4.6°C ± 0.26°C, and 6.1°C ± 0.31°C, respectively. The 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0°C warming levels over the MENA are expected to predate those of the global mean by two or three decades. Natural climate fluctuations also significantly influence the region's warming, contributing to temperature extremes.
A Generative Super‐Resolution Model for Enhancing Tropical Cyclone Wind Field Intensity and Resolution
Authors: Lockwood Joseph W. , Gori Avantika , Gentine Pierre
Published: November 2024

Extreme winds associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) can cause significant loss of life and economic damage globally, highlighting the need for accurate, high‐resolution modeling and forecasting for wind. However, due to their coarse horizontal resolution, most global climate and weather models suffer from chronic underprediction of TC wind speeds, limiting their use for impact analysis and energy modeling. In this study, we introduce a cascading deep learning framework designed to downscale high‐resolution TC wind fields given low‐resolution data. Our approach maps 85 TC events from ERA5 data (0.25° resolution) to high‐resolution (0.05° resolution) observations at 6‐hr intervals. The initial component is a debiasing neural network designed to model accurate wind speed observations using ERA5 data. The second component employs a generative super‐resolution strategy based on a conditional denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM) to enhance the spatial resolution and to produce ensemble estimates. The model is able to accurately model intensity and produce realistic radial profiles and fine‐scale spatial structures of wind fields, with a percentage mean bias of −3.74% compared to the high‐resolution observations. Our downscaling framework enables the prediction of high‐resolution wind fields using widely available low‐resolution and intensity wind data, allowing for the modeling of past events and the assessment of future TC risks.
AI in oral medicine: is the future already here? A literature review
Authors: Alotaibi Sultan , Deligianni Eleni
Published: November 2024

Objective Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping many healthcare disciplines, mainly with newly developed computer systems or machines that have the ability to mimic human intelligence. This paper aims to review the available evidence on the applications of AI in oral medicine. The review critically assesses current evidence, shedding light on AI's growing role in this field.

Methods Around 20 applicable studies were included in this review from different databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies included involved original research articles, mini-reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Results Existing papers on AI uses in oral medicine included fundamental areas such as oral cancer, lichen planus, bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, odontogenic keratocysts and oral lesions classification. AI has proved remarkable potential in terms of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion The outcomes of the papers suggest that AI holds major potential to help dental practitioners diagnose and manage oral diseases with superior precision. While acknowledging the encouraging results, this paper also underscores the necessity for further research and improvement to fully harness the abilities of AI in oral medicine. It calls notice to the fact that AI, although a valued tool, should supplement rather than replace healthcare professionals.
Hardware-tailored diagonalization circuits
Authors: Miller Daniel , Fischer Laurin E. , Levi Kyano , Kuehnke Eric J. , Sokolov Igor O. , Barkoutsos Panagiotis Kl. , Eisert Jens , Tavernelli Ivano
Published: November 2024

A central building block of many quantum algorithms is the diagonalization of Pauli operators. Although it is always possible to construct a quantum circuit that simultaneously diagonalizes a given set of commuting Pauli operators, only resource-efficient circuits can be executed reliably on near-term quantum computers. Generic diagonalization circuits, in contrast, often lead to an unaffordable SWAP gate overhead on quantum devices with limited hardware connectivity. A common alternative is to exclude two-qubit gates altogether. However, this comes at the severe cost of restricting the class of diagonalizable sets of Pauli operators to tensor product bases (TPBs). In this article, we introduce a theoretical framework for constructing hardware-tailored (HT) diagonalization circuits. Our framework establishes a systematic and highly flexible procedure for tailoring diagonalization circuits with ultra-low gate counts. We highlight promising use cases of our framework and – as a proof-of-principle application – we devise an efficient algorithm for grouping the Pauli operators of a given Hamiltonian into jointly-HT-diagonalizable sets. For several classes of Hamiltonians, we observe that our approach requires fewer measurements than conventional TPB approaches. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate that HT circuits can improve the efficiency of estimating expectation values with cloud-based quantum computers.
Innovative engineering of scalable, renewable and spherical organic nanoparticles for high fire safety, UV protection and antibacterial properties of polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites films
Authors: Attia Nour Fathi , Nour Mohamed A. , Elashery Sally E. A.
Published: November 2024

A novel and environmentally friendly route was developed for production of sustainable flame retardant, antibacterial and UV protective nanoparticles for polymeric films nanocomposites. For the first time, dried molokhia leaves were engineered into spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 8.5 nm via an eco-friendly, one-pot solid-state ball-milling method. The engineered nanoparticles were proved using spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The sustainable nanoparticles were employed as an efficient and green flame retardant, antibacterial and UV protective materials for polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposite films. The distinct compatibility between PVA chains and spherical nanoparticles afford excellent homogeneous dispersion of each nanoparticle in the polymer matrix. Compared to blank PVA film which burned at a rate of 125 mm/min, the novel nanoparticles achieved significant flame retardancy for polymer nanocomposites films recording zero rate of burning. Their outstanding charring ability and naturally doped elemental composition were attributed to their higher flame retardancy achieved. Moreover, the newly developed multifunctional nanoparticles integrated outstanding UV protection feature to developed polymer nanocomposite films recording UV protection factor superiority of more than 900% compared to nanoparticle free film. Noteworthy to note that, the nanoparticles afford excellent inhibition to bacterial growth against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus over the surface of developed polymer nanocomposite films achieving clear inhibition zone of 9 and 7.6 mm compared to zero mm for pristine polymer film, respectively. In addition, a proposed and clarified flame retardancy mechanism was presented. Additionally, an assessment was conducted regarding the economic feasibility of producing sustainable multifunctional nanoparticles on an industrial scale.
Evaluating binaural hearing capabilities in individuals with sensorineural hearing loss through bilateral bone conduction stimulation
Authors: Stenfelt Stefan , Zeitooni Mehrnaz , Mäki-Torkko Elina
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the impact of bilateral bone conduction (BC) stimulation and sensorineural hearing loss on spatial release from masking, binaural intelligibility level difference, and lateralization. The study involved two groups of adults with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss: one group of 21 participants with symmetric hearing loss and another group of nine participants with asymmetric hearing loss. All tests were conducted through BC and air conduction (AC) headsets with non-individualized virtual positions of the sound sources and linear amplification based on individual hearing thresholds. The findings revealed a bilateral benefit for both groups of hearing-impaired individuals, with symmetric hearing loss yielding better results than asymmetric hearing loss. AC stimulation provided approximately twice the benefit in terms of dB compared to BC stimulation. A large part of this benefit originated from a favorable signal-to-noise ratio due to noise reduction from the head shadow. However, binaural processing was present in both hearing-impaired groups with bilateral BC stimulation. The ability to lateralize sounds based on interaural time delays was significantly impaired in participants with both types of hearing loss when stimulation was by BC. Despite these challenges, the study underscores the benefits of bilateral fitting of BC hearing aids, even in individuals with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss, whether symmetric or asymmetric.
How to increase public support for carbon pricing with revenue recycling
Authors: Woerner Andrej , Imai Taisuke , Pace Davide D. , Schmidt Klaus M.
Published: November 2024

Carbon pricing is a powerful but politically contentious tool for tackling climate change. Governments can, however, try to increase public support for it by adjusting how the revenues raised by the carbon price are used. In a fully incentivized experiment with a large representative sample of the German population, we compare voter support for five different carbon pricing schemes. We show that uniform carbon dividends (equal per capita transfers to all citizens) receive substantially more support than a carbon dividend that favours poorer people, than earmarking revenues for climate projects and especially than using revenues for the general government budget. Among the uniform carbon dividend schemes, a climate premium that pays a fixed upfront transfer equal to the expected carbon revenues receives more support than a carbon dividend scheme where the size of the transfer is determined ex post based on the actual revenues. Furthermore, we show that participants and experts underestimate public support for carbon pricing. These findings suggest that policies for sustainable development gain more support when affected voters are uniformly compensated for the costs imposed on them. In addition, the paper highlights the importance of incentivized experiments in studying public support for such policies.
A colorimetric strategy and smartphone-based test strip for the detection of glucose based on the peroxidase activity of a hemin-derived nanozyme
Authors: Yuan Ziqiang , Fu Meizhen , Wang Xin , Wang Meng , Wei Yue , Sun Yanna , Zhang Qingfeng , Zhang Yunyi , Zhang Bo
Published: November 2024

A hemin-derived nanozyme (Hemin-CDs) with superior peroxidase-like activity was synthesized to develop a colorimetric strategy and a smartphone-based test strip for detecting glucose in human serum.
Efficient charge transport via limited π–π interactions between naphthyl carbon atoms in a metal–organic framework
Authors: Yan Yong , Li Zhen-Yu , Krautscheid Harald , Zhang Ning-Ning
Published: November 2024

A new metal–organic framework with limited π–π interactions between naphthyl carbons creates efficient charge transport paths, resulting in semiconductive behavior.
The quantum anomalous Hall effect and strong robustness in two-dimensional p-state Dirac half-metals Y3X2 (Y = Li, Na; X = Se, Te)
Authors: Du Ao , Tang Yanghao , Kuang Long , Qiu Shi , Yang Ting , Cai Jinming , Yan Cuixia
Published: November 2024

We report 2D HK materials that are room-temperature ferromagnets with an intrinsic QAHE. Their electronic properties are highly stress-strain robust and suitable for experimental synthesis.
The catalytic relevance of hydrothermally substituted Zn on the zeolite ZSM-5 during the methanol-to-aromatics process
Authors: Zhang Xin , You Xinyu , Wang Yunfan , Zhou Hexun , Zhou Xue , Dutta Chowdhury Abhishek
Published: November 2024

Installing the Zn atom into the ZSM-5 framework by using post-synthetic hydrothermal substitution methods achieved higher aromatic selectivity and demonstrated superior catalyst lifetime.
Rubidium vanadium(iii) vanadyl(iv) phosphate, Rb3V3+(V4+O)(PO4)(H0.5PO4)2: crystal chemistry and low-dimensional magnetism
Authors: Yakubovich Olga , Kiriukhina Galina , Volkov Anatoliy , Dimitrova Olga , Chumakov Ratibor , Shvanskaya Larisa , Vasiliev Alexander
Published: November 2024

A novel Rb3V3+(V4+O)(PO4)(H0.5PO4)2 compound, synthesized hydrothermally, demonstrates a high value of the Weiss and Néel temperature ratio, which is related to the reduced dimensionality of its magnetic subsystem based on V3+ and V4+ ions.
The coordination chemistry and anticancer activity of organo-ruthenium(ii), -iridium(iii) and -rhodium(iii) complexes with sulfonyl-substituted thiourea ligands
Authors: Risi Matthew C. , Stjärnhage Julia , Henderson William , Lane Joseph R. , Hartinger Christian G. , Saunders Graham C.
Published: November 2024

Some half-sandwich compounds with a variety of ligands and metal centres have shown promising anticancer activity.
Towards developing an indoor emissions inventory for the UK: challenges and future directions
Authors: Mazzeo Andrea , Pfrang Christian , Nasir Zaheer Ahmad
Published: November 2024

The development of indoor air pollution inventories for different environments is crucial to quantify contributions of multiple and time-dependent sources and activities to air pollutant emissions and to mitigate the potential health consequences.
A facile route to plastic inorganic electrolytes for all-solid state batteries based on molecular design
Authors: You Insang , Singh Baltej , Cui Mengyang , Goward Gillian , Qian Lanting , Arthur Zachary , King Graham , Nazar Linda F.
Published: November 2024

An easily synthesised Li–Al–O–Cl glassy electrolyte based on molecular design exhibits high ion conductivity, viscoplasticity and a transference number ∼1, along with exceptional anodic stability in a solid-state cell with an NMC85 cathode.
Environmentally friendly process design for furan-based long-chain diester production aiming for bio-based lubricants
Authors: Lee Hye Jin , Lee Yoonjae , Yang Eun-hyeok , Yoo Jiyun , Choi Seungjun , Hwangbo Soonho , Suh Young-Woong , Beak Jayeon , Han Jeehoon , Kim Yong Jin
Published: November 2024

The tetrahydrofuran diesters were successfully synthesized, demonstrating wide applicability as replacements for conventional base oils. They also showed a 35% reduction in CO2 emissions, as revealed by LCA analysis.
Selective separation of Am(iii)/Eu(iii) using heterocyclic bistriazolyl phosphonate grafted zirconia and titania solid phase extractants
Authors: Hiltunen O.-M. , Suominen T. , Aho J. , Otaki M. , Zupanc A. , Hietala S. , Silvennoinen G. , Koivula R.
Published: November 2024

Porous zirconia and titania surfaces were covalently functionalized with bistriazolylpyridine- and thiophene phosphonates to afford efficient solid phase extractants. The hybrids clearly favoured Am over Eu in a competitive sorption environment.
A superhydrophobic and heat-resistant PAN/PSU/PTFE composite nanofiber membrane for high-efficiency PM1.0 and PM2.5 filtration
Authors: Aflaha Rizky , Maharani Chlara Naren , Putri Linda Ardita , Prabowo Yuliyan Dwi , Rahman Iman , Taher Tarmizi , Rianjanu Aditya , Roto Roto , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Triyana Kuwat
Published: November 2024

This study developed a PAN/PSU/PTFE nanofiber membrane using electrospinning, demonstrating high filtration efficiency for PM1.0 and PM2.5 with thermal stability up to 300 °C and consistent performance for up to 4 months.
Novel rhodanine–thiazole hybrids as potential antidiabetic agents: a structure-based drug design approach
Authors: Gharge Shankar , Alegaon Shankar G. , Ranade Shriram D. , Kavalapure Rohini S. , Kumar B. R. Prashantha
Published: November 2024

New rhodanine–thiazole clubbed compounds (7a–7l) were synthesised and characterised with various spectroscopy methods.
Dynamic regulation of ion transport through a bis(1,3-propanediol)-based channel via allosteric azobenzene photoswitching
Authors: Ahmad Manzoor , Sarkar Susmita , Bhogade Ravindra , Mondal Abhishek , Mondal Debashis , Mondal Jagannath , Talukdar Pinaki
Published: November 2024

Dynamic photoswitching in azobenzene linked bis(1,3-propanediols) enables the formation of self-assembled barrel rosette anion channels in the trans-form, while the cis-form remains inactive due to its poor self-assembly.
Tough, durable and strongly bonded self-healing cartilage-mimicking noncovalently assembled hydrogel nanostructures: the interplay between experiment and theory
Authors: Awasthi Shikha , Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Shwetha Hulikere Jagdish , Nehal  , Selvaraj S.
Published: November 2024

The PAM-Ag-BN hydrogel showed high strength, improved stability in SBF, perfect bioactivity and strong bonding, making it a prime implant for cartilage repair applications.
Mild defluorinative N-acrylation of amines with (trifluoromethyl)alkenes: synthesis of α-arylacrylamides
Authors: Li Yuqi , Peng Rongbin , Ma Zhaolong , Wang Zhihui , Zhu Chuanle
Published: November 2024

A practical and efficient method to access α-arylacrylamides via the N-acrylation of amines with (trifluoromethyl)alkenes via the cleavage of three C(sp3)–F bonds is presented.
Two fluorinases prioritized from protein families of fluorinase, SAM-dependent chlorinase and hydroxide adenosyltransferase
Authors: He Kai , Yan Yue , Feng Shuting , Wang Pinmei , Zhang Zhizhen , Wang Nan
Published: November 2024

Using a genomic enzymology approach, two new fluorinases were prioritized from three homologous protein families with distinct functions, one of which demonstrated high catalytic activity.
Purine nucleosides as selective inhibitors of butyrylcholinesterase – a multidisciplinary study
Authors: Cachatra Vasco , Martins Alice , Oliveira Maria Conceição , Oliveira Maria Cristina , Gano Lurdes , Paulo António , López Óscar , Fernández-Bolaños José G. , Contino Marialessandra , Colabufo Nicola Antonio , Evans David , Man Teresa , Rauter Amélia Pilar
Published: November 2024

A multidisciplinary study of purine nucleoside selective BuChE inhibitors, covering docking, synthesis, biological evaluation and cytotoxic assays.
Water-enabled α-C(sp3)–H amination via [1,6]-hydride transfer: green access to diazepino[6,5,4-cd]indoles
Authors: Shen Yao-Bin , Wang Xiao-Lin , Zhuang Qian-Hao , An Xiao-De , Qiu Bin , Wang Houchen , Shi Tiesheng , Xiao Jian
Published: November 2024

Water-enabled α-C(sp3)–H amination of 4-dialkylamino-indole-3-carbaldehydes with primary amines was developed for green synthesis of diazepino[6,5,4-cd]indoles via cascade aldimine condensation/[1,6]-hydride transfer/cyclization.
Synthesis, crystal growth, structure and photophysical properties of decafluoroanthracene and its co-crystals with polycyclic arenes
Authors: Friedrich Alexandra , Schraut-May Lisa , Rauch Florian , Durand Pablo , Krebs Johannes , Ruth Paul N. , Hammer Sebastian , Bertermann Rüdiger , Finze Maik , Clark Stewart J. , Pflaum Jens , Leclerc Nicolas , Marder Todd B.
Published: November 2024

Fluoroarene-arene π-stacking is observed for a series of co-crystals of decafluoroanthracene with polycyclic arenes. Photophysical studies reveal distinct properties of anthracene-decafluoroanthracene.
A simple and cost-efficient route to prepare sulfonated dihalo-monomers for synthesizing sulfonated aromatic PEMs
Authors: Dumbadze Nodar , Viviani Marco , Kreuer Klaus-Dieter , Titvinidze Giorgi
Published: November 2024

A new simple and cost-effective method for the synthesis of sulfonated aromatic monomers is presented, offering a drastic reduction in the number of purification procedures and waste production.
Synthesis and characterization of soluble pyridinium-containing copolyimides
Authors: Hubina Anastasiia , Darabut Alina Madalina , Lobko Yevheniia , Hnat Jaromir , Merna Jan , Bouzek Karel
Published: November 2024

Dense pyridinium-containing copolyimide membranes with uniform charge distribution.
Crystal structure, bandgap, photoluminescence and resistivity properties of double perovskite Cs2AgBiCl6 single crystal and its thin film
Authors: Gao Huidan , Wang Chen , Shen Huimeng , Zhou Huawei , Zhang Xianxi
Published: November 2024

The novelty of this study is systematic and methodological presentation of the solution crystallization method, crystal color, crystal structure, bandgap photoluminescence and resistivity properties of double perovskite Cs2AgBiCl6.
High-throughput reaction discovery for Cs–Pb–Br nanocrystal synthesis
Authors: Chairil Ricki , Forsberg Allison P. , Brutchey Richard L. , Malmstadt Noah
Published: November 2024

We developed a 16-channel flow reactor for high-throughput reaction screening, coupled with machine learning for product mapping and prediction.
Photodynamic therapy photosensitizers and photoactivated chemotherapeutics exhibit distinct bioenergetic profiles to impact ATP metabolism
Authors: Mitchell Richard J. , Havrylyuk Dmytro , Hachey Austin C. , Heidary David K. , Glazer Edith C.
Published: November 2024

Bioenergetic analysis of light activated compounds for phototherapy applications reveals that PDT agents, but not PACT systems, suppress oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis.
Mixed 2D-cation passivation towards improved durability of perovskite solar cells and dynamics of 2D-perovskites under light irradiation and at high temperature
Authors: Mondal Santa , Eguchi Naoto , Nishimura Naoyuki , Hinuma Yoyo , Yamamoto Kohei , Kogo Atsushi , Murakami Takurou N. , Kanda Hiroyuki
Published: November 2024

Dynamics of 2D-perovskites and stabilization with mixed 2D cations with n-butylammonium iodide (BAI) and n-octylammonium iodide (OAI).
Sustainable synergy: unleashing the potential of biomass in integrated biorefineries
Authors: Kashif Muhammad , Sabri Muhammad Ashraf , Aresta Michele , Dibenedetto Angela , Dumeignil Franck
Published: November 2024

The review sheds light on the various types of biorefineries and the various feedstocks employed, along with highlighting the major fuels targeted from these feedstocks, before discussing the conversion processes.
An effective strategy for balancing energy and sensitivity: design, synthesis, and properties of chimeric energetic molecules
Authors: Shan Yujia , Huang Shi , Jiang Tianyu , Cao Ye , Wang Jinxin , Cao Yuteng , Zhang Wenquan
Published: November 2024

An effective strategy for the study of energetic materials that combines chimeras makes the design of novel energetic molecules easier.
Heterogeneous diffusion and remnant hardening with excellent electromechanical compatibility in alkaline niobate composites
Authors: Li Hongjiang , Chen Ning , Xing Jie , Liu Wenbin , Shi Wei , Chen Hao , Tan Zhi , Tang Manjing , Mo Mingyue , Zhu Jianguo
Published: November 2024

A novel approach involving heterogeneous diffusion and remnant hardening techniques is presented for KNN-based composites, which overcomes the limitations of traditional precipitation hardening, achieving a remarkable d33 of 370 pC/N and Qm of 205.
On‐chip dual‐mode all‐optical multifunctional logic unit based on multimode FWMs
Authors: Zhang Chenjing , Zou Junmin , Zhao Yi , Fang Zhihao , Jian Yihao , Gao Shiming
Published: November 2024

An on‐chip dual‐mode all‐optical multifunctional logic operation unit including four AND and two OR logic gates is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. It is realized using multiple intra‐mode four‐wave mixing (FWM) processes in a multimode silicon waveguide for 2 × 10 Gbit/s non‐return‐to‐zero on–off‐keying (NRZ‐OOK) mode‐division multiplexing signals. The AND logic operation is realized via the non‐degenerate FWM processes, and the OR logic operation is realized by overlapping the two degenerate FWM idlers in frequency domain via appropriately selecting the dual‐mode pump wavelength. The two OR and four AND logic sequences are verified with NRZ‐OOK sequences for both TE0 and TE1 modes.
Near-ultraviolet absorption distribution of primitive asteroids from photometric surveys
Authors: Tatsumi Eri , Vilas Faith , de León Julia , Popescu Marcel , Hasegawa Sunao , De Prá Mario , Tinaut-Ruano Fernando , Licandro Javier
Published: November 2024

Context. Primitive asteroids consisting of mainly phyllosilicates and opaque minerals have great variation at near-ultraviolet (NUV) wavelengths (0.35–0.5 μm). The absorption in NUV could be indicative of phyllosilicates that reflect their formation environments such as the distribution of water, temperature, and pressure. The asteroid collisional families are the fragments of large primordial bodies that record the early Solar System environments.

Aims. Our objective is to investigate the reflectance spectrophotometry of primitive asteroid families in NUV to visible (VIS) wavelengths to constrain the internal structure and formation of primordial bodies.

Methods. The NUV-VIS reflectance spectrophotometry of 38 primitive asteroid families was investigated using two spectrophotometric surveys, the Eight Color Asteroid Survey (ECAS) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We classified the members of the primitive asteroid families based on Tholen’s taxonomy. After grouping these families into eight overarching types, we discussed the compositions of primitive asteroid families based on the NUV, 0.7 μm, 3 μm absorptions, and the near-infrared (NIR) spectral slopes.

Results. We have found a correlation between the 0.7 μm absorption band and the NUV absorption among the asteroid families, suggesting that both features are caused by the charge transfer of interlayer iron in phyllosilicates. This implies that NUV absorption can be a valuable indicator of Fe-rich phyllosilicate abundance. Furthermore, we have revealed correlations between the NUV absorption, VIS slope, albedo, and the NIR slope. Primitive asteroid families with strong NUV absorption exhibit a high albedo and a low NIR slope (1.25–2.14 μm). The Pallas family deviates from this general trend due to its exceptionally high albedo. This anomaly, combined with the Pallas family’s unique density and the deep and sharp 3 μm absorption, suggests that the Pallas family could be a potential source of CR chondrites. Overall, our results demonstrate that NUV absorption aligns well with established indicators of phyllosilicate presence (0.7 μm and 3 μm absorptions). The largest bodies in the high-NUV absorption families show a sharp 3-μm feature, while the red-dominant families show a w-shaped 3-μm feature. Notably, two young endmember families (Theobalda, F-dominant; Veritas, G-dominant) highlight that NUV absorption is not solely linked to aging or space weathering, but likely reflects inherent compositional differences. The Polana–Eulalia complex family and the Theobalda family, dominated by F types (>80%), exhibit minimal to non-NUV absorption, suggesting that their primordial bodies contained little Fe-rich phyllosilicates, such as CI drated carbonaceous chondrites. Conversely, the Veritas family, with over 80% of C and G types, displays stron. indicative of an Fe-rich phyllosilicate-rich parent body, such as CM chondrites.