bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The FoxP1 Gene Regulates Lung Function, Production of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Inflammatory Mediators, and Viability of Lung Epithelia
Authors: Andreas Alexis , Maloy Abby , Nyunoya Toru , Zhang Yingze , Chandra Divay
Published: May 2022

Background
Genes involved in lung development may become dysregulated in adult life and contribute to the pathogenesis of lung diseases. Multiple genes regulate lung development, including Forkhead box protein P1-4 (FoxP1-4).
Methods
We examined the association between variants in the FoxP1-4 genes and lung function using data from a GWAS that included close to 400,000 individuals and 20 million SNPs.
Results
More than 100 variants in the FoxP1 gene, but none in the FoxP2-4 genes, are associated with lung function. The sentinel variant in the FoxP1 gene associated with FEV1 was rs1499894, while the sentinel variant in the FoxP1 gene associated with FVC was rs35480566. These sentinel variants were associated with increased FoxP1 mRNA levels in transcriptomic data, higher FEV1 and FVC, and reduced odds of being diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Further, knockdown of FoxP1 in lung epithelial cells by RNA interference led to increased mRNA levels for matrix metalloproteinases 1, 2, 3 and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 & IL-8, as well as reduced cell viability after exposure to cigarette smoke - all processes implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD and IPF.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that the FoxP1 gene may protect against the development of COPD and IPF. A causal role for FoxP1 in the pathogenesis of COPD and IPF may warrant further investigation, and FoxP1 may be a novel therapeutic target for these lung disorders.
Immune profile analysis of peripheral blood and tumors of lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Ichiki Yoshinobu , Fukuyama Takashi , Ueno Mari , Kanasaki Yoshiro , Goto Hidenori , Takahashi Mai , Mikami Shuji , Kobayashi Noritada , Nakanishi Kozo , Hayashi Shinichi , Ishida Tsuyoshi
Published: May 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become central to lung cancer drug therapy, and establishing biomarkers that can predict effects and adverse events is awaited. We prospectively analyzed the association between the immune-related molecular expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lung cancer tissues, and the effects of ICI monotherapy. Twenty-one patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who received ICI monotherapy were included. Changes in the expression of immune-related molecules in PBMCs before and after the administration of ICI were analyzed by flow cytometry. The MHC class I and PD-L1 expression of cancer cells, and the PD-L1, CD8 and CD103 expression of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in lung cancer tissue were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Among immune-related molecules expressed in PBMCs, the CD103 + CD39 + CD8 + T cell change after administration correlated with the clinical response. In the univariate analyses of the factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS), CD103 + CD39 + CD8 + cell change after administration was identified as a significant prognostic factor, while the CD103 + CD39 + CD8 + cell change after administration and Brinkman index were independent prognostic factors in a multivariate analysis of the factors associated with PFS. The CD103 + CD39 + CD8 + cell change after administration may predict the efficacy of ICIs.
A Unifying Mechanism for Cation Effect Modulating C1 and C2 Productions from CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Shin Seung-Jae , Choi Hansol , Ringe Stefan , Won Da Hye , Oh Hyung-Suk , Kim Dong Hyun , Lee Taemin , Nam Dae-Hyun , Kim Hyungjun , Choi Chang Hyuck
Published: May 2022

Electrocatalysis, whose reaction venue locates at the catalyst–electrolyte interface, is controlled by the electron transfer (ET) across the electric double layer (EDL), envisaging a mechanistic link between the ET rate and the EDL structure. A fine example is in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), of which rate shows a strong dependence on the alkali metal cation (M+) identity, but there is yet to be a unified molecular picture for that. Using quantum-mechanics-based atom-scale simulation, we herein scrutinize the M+-coupling capability to possible CO2RR intermediates, and establish H+- and M+-associated ET mechanisms for CH4 and CO/C2H4 formations, respectively. These theoretical scenarios are successfully underpinned by Nernstian shifts of polarization curves with the H+ or M+ concentrations and the first-order kinetics of CO/C2H4 formation on a local M+ concentration. Our finding elucidates the origin of empirically-found present optimizations, and thereby suggests the future development direction for enhanced C2 production from CO2RR.
Photoexcited Nitroarenes as Ozone Surrogates for the Oxidative Cleavage of Olefins
Authors: Leonori Daniele , Ruffoni Alessandro , Hampton Charlotte , Simonetti Marco
Published: May 2022

The oxidative cleavage of olefins is an integral process that converts feedstocks into high-value synthetic intermediates , , . The most viable method to oxidatively cleave C–Cπ bonds in one chemical step is with ozone , , , , which however poses technical and safety challenges owing to the explosive nature of ozonolysis products , . Herein, we present a distinct approach to achieve oxidative cleavage of olefins using nitroarenes and purple light irradiation. We demonstrate that photoexcited nitroarenes are effective ozone surrogates that undergo facile radical [3+2] cycloaddition with olefins. The resulting “N-doped” ozonide cycloadducts are safe to handle and lead to the corresponding carbonyl products under mild hydrolytic conditions. These features have enabled the controlled cleavage of all types of olefins in the presence of a broad array of commonly used organic functionalities. Furthermore, by harnessing electronic, steric, and mediated polar effects, the structural and functional diversity of nitroarenes has provided a modular platform to obtain site-selectivity in substrates containing more than one olefin.
Comparative studies on the diversity and relative abundance of waterbird species in three southwest Ethiopian wetlands
Authors: Awash Numeri , Tekalign Wondimagegnehu
Published: May 2022

Wetlands are significant habitats for avian populations, and knowledge of the diversity and other ecological aspects of waterbirds contribute a lot to the management of the ecosystem. The present study was conducted based on comparative studies on the diversity and relative abundance of waterbird species in the three wetlands of southwest Ethiopia. The point count method was utilized in this study. For the data analysis, the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, independent sample t-test, and similarity index were employed. A total of 46 bird species under 11 orders and 30 families were identified. The species diversity and relative abundance were higher in all of the three wetlands during the wet season. The Loga wetland had the highest diversity (H’ = 3.089), whereas the lowest diversity (H’ = 2.643) was recorded in the wetland of Hurri. During the dry season, the highest and the lowest diversity were also recorded in the Loga wetland (H’ = 2.738) and the Hurri habitat (H’ = 2.283), respectively. There is no statistically significant difference between seasons in the species diversity of waterbirds (p > 0.05). Since the existence of waterbirds is based on a wetland ecosystem; human activities very near to the wetland should be controlled for their sustainable conservation.
The impact of crisis and COVID 19 on Syrian children growth, health awareness and nutritional practices. A cross-sectional study
Authors: HARPHOUSH SEBA , Shahood Bashar , Harphoush Ihab , Li Zhong
Published: May 2022

Background: Despite the great steadfastness that Syria has achieved in the face of more than a decade of stifling crisis followed by the global COVID-19 pandemic, the heavy impacts of these long rough years are certain and crucial on the health and nutrition levels, specially on vulnerable groups like women and children. Moreover, the lack of research and data on health and nutritional status of children within Syria makes it very difficult to draw conclusions and act effectively.the purpose of the current study was to evaluate growth development and give an insight about the public health awareness and nutritional practices among Syrian primary schools children.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among private and public primary schools students aged 6 to 9 years old in Homs governorate in January to April 2021, anthropometric measures were taken and data about nutritional practices and health awareness were assessment by conducting two surveys answered by parents and students.Results: We defined the prevalence of obesity (5.3%, 8.2%), severely wasted (3.9%, 5.2%) and stunting (15.7%, 7.8%) for public and private schools respectively with a significant higher stunting prevalence among public schools student. Differences in nutritional practices and health awareness were recorded between public and private schools students under socioeconomic impact.Conclusions: This study contributes to evaluate the burden of crisis and COVID-19 pandemic on Syrian children growth and health practices in Syria. Improving health awareness and nutritional support among Syrian families to help children meet their growth needs is recommended. Moreover, additional research should be conducted to evaluate micro-nutrients deficiencies and provide appropriate medical support effectively.
The Outcomes of a Mobile Just-in-Time-Learning Intervention for Teaching Bioethics in Pakistan
Authors: Naseem Azra , Nizamuddin Sameer , Ghias Kulsoom
Published: May 2022

Background: The aim of the study was to test the effectiveness of a mobile application and feasibility of curriculum-wide adoption of a mobile just-in-time-learning (m-JiTL) approach for teaching bioethics at a university in Pakistan. Over the course of four months, the mobile app (EthAKUL) was used to enhance ethical reasoning among practising nurses, trainee physicians, and medical and nursing students utilising the m-JiTL approach. Participants used EthAKUL to access bioethics modules and participate in asynchronous discussions. Methods: A mixed methods design was adopted. Pre- and post-knowledge tests were used to assess changes in participants' understanding of bioethics concepts, while pre- and post-surveys were used to assess changes in participants' attitude towards m-learning. At the conclusion of the intervention, focus group discussions with the participants were held.Results: The learners had a favourable attitude toward the use of mobile devices for learning purposes before the intervention, and it remained positive afterward. The adoption of EthAKUL resulted in a change in bioethics knowledge, with the cohort of medical students experiencing the biggest increase. Several challenges with the design and m-JiTL pedagogy were identified and need to be addressed before curriculum-wide adoption.Conclusions: EthAKUL is the first of its kind app for m-JiTL of bioethics and the study has shown potential for curriculum wide adoption. However, the adoption of mobile apps in general and m-JiTL pedagogies must be aligned with the curriculum. The faculty and student readiness must be carefully and consciously supported to elicit the intended learning outcomes.
Pupil and blink detection algorithms for wearable eye tracking system
Authors: Jin Tao , Li Guanglin , Lei Lihua
Published: May 2022

To obtain the pupil center of the human eye in infrared images taken by a near-eye device for gaze tracking, pupil and blink detection algorithms are proposed. The eye-detection model and the eye feature point model are trained through the dlib library machine learning, the eye area is segmented, rough positioning of the eye area is realized, the redundant image information is removed, the number of image processing calculations are removed for the subsequent pupil positioning, and the processing time is shortened. In pupil detection, the candidate pupil contours are screened based on the gray information, shape characteristics and other pupil image information to obtain the correct pupil contour information and realize precise pupil positioning. The eye feature model is used to obtain the coordinate of the feature point of the eye, the aspect ratio of the eye is obtained by conversion, and blink statistics are performed. Experiments show that the correct rate of the pupil detection method reaches 97.24%, and the correct rate of blink detection reaches 91.59%.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Corneal Arcus in the Geriatric Population; Tehran Geriatric Eye Study
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , MSc Pooneh Malekifar , Aghamirsalim Mohamadreza , Yekta Abbasali , Mahboubipour Hassan , Khabazkhoob Mehdi
Published: May 2022

Purpose
To determine the age and sex standardized prevalence of corneal arcus and its associated factors in a geriatric population.
Methods
This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in Tehran, the capital of Iran, using multistage stratified random cluster sampling. All participants underwent a detailed interview, blood pressure measurement, laboratory blood tests, and a complete ocular examination.
Results
3310 of 3791 invitees participated in this study (response rate: 87.31%). The mean age of the participants was 69.35 ± 7.62 years (60–97 years) and 1912 (57.76%) were female. Overall, the age and sex standardized prevalence (95% CI) of corneal arcus was 44.28% (41.21–47.39). Based on the multiple logistic regression, the odds of corneal arcus was higher in men than in women (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.34–2.27); in the age group ≥ 80 years than in age group 60–65 years (OR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.97–3.83), and in retired people than in employed individuals (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.31–3.07).
Conclusion
The present study showed a high prevalence of corneal arcus in the geriatric population. Although various studies have reported a significant relationship between corneal arcus with blood lipid and glucose status as well as blood pressure, these relationships were not found in the present study.
MicroRNA-122a aggravates intestinal ischaemia/reperfusion injury by promoting pyroptosis via targeting EGFR-NLRP3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Fei , Gu Lidan , Wang Yilin , Sun Deen , Zhao Yuanhang , Meng Qiang , Yin Lianhong , Xu Lina , Lu Xiaolong , Peng Jinyong , Lin Yuan , Sun Pengyuan
Published: May 2022

Multiple studies have confirmed the significance of microRNA (miR)-122a in disease regulation. However, its impact on ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is unknown. Therefore, in order to uncover new pharmacological targets for treating this condition, the regulation of intestinal I/R injury by miR-122a became the focus of this study. Two models, including hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-injured IEC-6 cells in vitro and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-injured C57BL/6 mice intestinal tissues in vivo, were used in this study. Applying dual-luciferase reporter assays and transfection tests, the regulatory impacts of miR-122a were examined by promoting pyroptosis on intestinal I/R injury via targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway. Both H/R-injured IEC-6 cells and I/R-injured mice intestinal tissues had elevated miR-122a expression, which targeted EGFR directly. Increased miR-122a expression significantly inhibited EGFR activity, decreased EGFR mRNA and protein expression, increased NLRP3 mRNA and protein expression, and up-regulated caspase 1, N-GSDMD, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-18 protein expression to promote pyroptosis. Furthermore, in IEC-6 cells, a miR-122a inhibitor and an EGFR-overexpression plasmid significantly reduced pyroptosis, alleviating intestinal I/R injury via activating the EGFR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. miR-122a is very essential for regulating intestinal I/R injury. It promotes pyroptosis by blocking the EGFR-NLRP3 signaling pathway, which should be evaluated as a therapeutic target for this disease.
N 7-methylguanosine-related gene risk signature as a potential prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mou Zhi-qiang , Yang Li , Huang Zhi-wei , Wang Piao , Deng Kun , Jiang Yu , Li Qiu , Wen Jian
Published: May 2022

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide, with an increasing annual incidence and mortality. N 7-methylguanosine (m7G) is a modification in which a methyl group is added to the seventh N position of messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) guanine (G) by methylation transferase action. Increasing evidence revealed that m7G-related genes are closely associated with HCC development. This study aimed to develop a new m7G-related prognostic model to assess the prognosis of patients with HCC.Methods: Herein, we used RNA transcriptome sequencing and clinical data of patients with HCC from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Patients with HCC were classified into two subtypes based on the m7G gene, and differential expression genes (DEGs) between the two types were identified. Prognostic risk models were constructed by assessing the prognostic significance of these DEGs using univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. Functional differences were compared between the high and low-risk groups and differences in immune infiltration and immunotherapy. Finally, a preliminary pan-cancer analysis of the two genes in the model was performed.Results: Significant survival differences were found between different subtypes of patients with HCC, who were divided into high and low-risk groups according to the median risk scores. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed a substantially better overall survival in the low-risk group than that in the high-risk group (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves and within-group validation further confirmed the model’s reliability and accuracy. Additionally, significant differences were found in functional analysis, immune infiltration, and immunotherapy effects between the two groups. GAS2L3 and HTR1D have prognostic value in various cancers, which may help for subsequent studies.Conclusions: In conclusion, this prognostic model based on m7G-related genes is beneficial for individualized prognosis assessment of patients with HCC and provides a reference for clinical treatment.
Conversion Hip Arthroplasty Using Standard and Long Stems after Failed Internal Fixation of Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Shi Tengbin , Fang Xinyu , Huang Zida , Li Weiming , You Ruijin , Xia Chun , Zhang Wenming
Published: May 2022

Background: Failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures is often treated by conversion hip arthroplasty (CHA). This study aimed to evaluate the results and complications of using long and standard femoral stems in this operation.Methods: This retrospective, multi-center study enrolled 31 total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 23 hemiarthroplasty (HA) cases (30 women, 24 men; mean age 76 years) after FIF-ITF between 2012 and 2019, divided into 2 groups: standard stem group (n = 20) and long stem group (n = 34). The initial internal fixation includes 38 cases of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA), 8 cases of the dynamic hip screw (DHS), and 8 cases of locking proximal femoral plate (LPFP). The indications for CHA included 38 cases of failure of fixation, 7 cases of nonunion, and 9 cases of avascular necrosis or posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Perioperative data and complications related to fracture and operation were collected, and preoperative and postoperative clinical and radiological data were analyzed.Results: At an average of 5.6 years with a minimum of 2 years follow-up. A significant overall surgeon-related complication rate was detected (27.8% [15/54]), five cases had an intraoperative femur fracture, one case had a late periprosthetic femoral fracture, one case had a stem penetration, one case had a cement leakage, and two patients had an early postoperative dislocation, one infection and three cases of stem loosening or subsidence. Long stems had an increased risk of complication (13/34) compared to standard stems (2/20) (P= 0.031). The operation time and blood loss in the long stem group were higher than those in the standard stem group (P= 0.002;0.017). Harris Hip Score (HHS) and SF-36 signiﬁcantly improved in both groups from preoperative to the ﬁnal follow-up, and did not present signiﬁcant differences at the final follow-up (P>0.05). Conclusion: A high complication rate was detected in CHA following failed internal fixation of intertrochanteric fractures, and long stem arthroplasty should be approached with caution to the risks of complications, especially intraoperative femur fractures.Level of evidence: III controlled cohort study
The trend of SARS-CoV-2 variants from July 2021 to Jan 2022 in metropolitan Lagos, the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
Authors: Onwuamah Chika , Iwalokun Bamidele , Ahmed Rahaman , Toye Emuejevoke , Amoo Olufemi , Ndodo Nnaemeka , Momoh Esther , Okwuraiwe Azuka , James Ayorinde , Okoli Chika , Chukwu Chimaobi , Shaibu Joseph , Fowora Muinahj , Fayemi Janet , Onuigbo Tochukwu , Sunday Mfon , Ogbolu Victor , Otuonye Maureen , Mba Nwando , Audu Rosemary , Ezechi Oliver , Abayomi Akin , Adetifa Ifedayo , Salako Babatunde
Published: May 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibits a high mutations rate and monitoring its spread and evolution is essential for global control of the pandemic. This study determined the SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in Lagos, from July 2021 to January 2022, when the nation experienced its third and fourth waves.The study utilised archived SARS-CoV-2 positive samples and Midnight whole-genome sequencing workflow from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Six hundred and sixty-six archived SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, 488 community testing and 178 travellers were analysed. Three hundred forty-one sequences samples were assigned lineages, but 327 sequences with doubly verified collection dates recreated the timeline. 86.5% of the samples came from persons between 16 and 60 years old. Two infections with the Omicron variant (BA.1) among community testers were detected in August 2021 and from seven outbound travellers in September 2021. An inbound traveller also had the Omicron variant (BA.1) in September 2021. Thirteen lineages of the Delta variant and four lineages of the Omicron variant were detected.We show that the Omicron variant was in Nigeria before November 2021 and could have caused the short reprieve between the third and fourth waves. Several lineages detected suggest several introductions, highlighting the need for surveillance.
Farm Biosecurity and Influenza A virus detection in Swine Farms: A Comprehensive Study in Colombia
Authors: Karl Ciuoderis-Aponte , Andres Diaz , Carlos Muskus , Peña Mario , Juan Hernández-Ortiz , Jorge Osorio
Published: May 2022

Biosecurity protocols and good management practices are key to reduce the risk of introduction and transmission of infectious diseases into the industry. In this observational cross-sectional study, survey data were collected from 176 pig farms with inventories over 100 sows in Colombia. We analyzed a complex survey dataset to explore the structure and identify clustering patterns of swine farms in Colombia, and estimate its association with Swine Influenza. Two principal dimensions contributed to 27.6% of the dataset variation after Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Farms with highest contribution to dimension 1 were larger farrow-to-finish farms, using self-replacement of gilts and implementing most of the measures evaluated. In contrast, farms with highest contribution to dimension 2 were medium to large farrow-to-finish farms, but implemented biosecurity in a lower degree. Additionally, two farm clusters were identified by Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, and the odds of influenza A virus detection was statistically different between clusters (OR 7.29, CI: 1.7,66, p=<0.01). Moreover, after logistic regression analysis, three important variables were associated with higher odds of influenza detection: 1) “location in an area with a high density of pigs”, 2) “farm size”, and 3) “after cleaning and disinfecting, the facilities are allowed to dry before use”. Our results revealed two clustering patterns of swine farms. This systematic analysis of complex survey data identified relationships between biosecurity, husbandry practices and influenza status. This approach helped to identify gaps on biosecurity and key elements for designing successful strategies to prevent and control swine respiratory diseases in the swine industry.
Effect of stomach size on organs at risk in pancreatic stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Tanaka Osamu , Taniguchi Takuya , Adachi Kousei , Nakaya Shuto , Ukai Akira , Makita Chiyoko , Matsuo Masayuki
Published: May 2022

Background: In clinical practice, the organs at risk (OARs) should be carefully determined when performing pancreatic stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We conducted a simulation study to examine the effect of the stomach size on the radiation dose to the OARs when performing pancreatic SBRT.Methods: Twenty-five cases were included in this study. Pancreatic head and body tumors were 2-cm-sized pseudotumors, which were included as gross target volume (GTV) contours. The stomach, pancreas, small intestine, liver, kidneys, and spinal cord were considered as the OARs. The prescription dose for planning target volume (PTV) was 40 Gy/5fx, and the dose limit for the OARs was determined. The dose to X% of the OAR volume at X values of 0.1, 5.0, and 10.0 cc (DX) and the percentage of the OAR volume that received more than X Gy were recorded.Results: In terms of the radiation dose to the pancreatic body tumors, the stomach size was positively correlated with a dose of D10cc (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.5516) to the stomach. The r value between the radiation dose to the pancreatic head tumor and the stomach size was 0.3499. The stomach size and radiation dose to the head and body of the pancreas was positively correlated (pancreatic head D10cc: r = 0.3979, pancreatic body D10cc: r = 0.3209). The larger the stomach, the larger was the radiation dose to the pancreas.Conclusions: When performing pancreatic SBRT, the dose to the OARs depends on the stomach size. Reducing the dose to the stomach and pancreas can be achieved by shrinking the stomach.
Mutation screening of eight genes and comparison of the clinical data in a Chinese cohort with congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Li Liangshan , Li Xiaole , Wang Xiaoyu , Han Mengmeng , Zhao Dehua , Wang Fang , Liu Shiguo
Published: May 2022

Background
Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a common neonatal endocrine disorder, characterized by irreversible intellectual disability and short stature if left untreated. It can be divided into thyroid dysgenesis (TD), including athyreosis, ectopy and hypoplasia, and dyshormonogenesis (DH), also referring to gland in situ (GIS), in which patients have eutopic thyroids with normal size or goiter. This study aims to analyze the clinical and genetic data of the 606 patients with TD or GIS, and to explore the mutation frequencies of the eight genes and the inheritance pattern of CH.
Methods
Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) and statistical analysis were performed for mutation screening on eight CH-related genes and the comparison of clinical data in a cohort of 606 Chinese CH patients from Henan Province.
Results
A total of 208 variants were detected in genes required for thyroid formation (TSHR, GLIS3, BOREALIN, NTN1, JAG1 and TUBB1) and thyroid hormone synthesis (TG and TPO) in 167 subjects. Monogenic variants were the most prevalent with a percentage of 73.56% (153/208) followed by digenic variants (24.52%, 51/208) and oligogenic variants (1.92%, 4/208). However, no differences were found in various clinical data between patients with and without variants, as well as between patients with monogenic variants and non-monogenic variants.
Conclusions
Our results suggested that apart from Mendelian monogenic inheritance, digenic and oligogenic inheritance of CH could not be excluded and also involves other factors, such as penetrance, epigenetic mechanisms and environmental factors.
The clinical value of circulating cell free DNA in multiple myeloma
Authors: Yang Tong , Chen Weimin , Wang Zhihong , Wei Tiannan , Shang Jin , Lin Yun
Published: May 2022

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of the detection of circulating cell free DNA (cfDNA) and the prognostic value of cfDNA in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).Experimental design: All samples were screened hematopoietic malignancy associated genetic mutations from cfDNA and bone marrow (BM), using the Next-generation sequencing (NGS). The mutated genetic, checked in both cfDNA and BM, were monitered at the different time points during the treatment by droplet-based digital PCR (ddPCR).Results: Three patients were included in our prospective study. Two patients detected DNMT3A mutations and one patient detected GNAQ mutation. The abundance of mutations decreased as the disease remission, and increased as the disease progresses. The detection of cfDNA has shown to predict relapses before paraprotein.Conclusions: cfDNA is a sensitive tool for monitoring compared to paraprotein levels. The utility of cfDNA for monitoring disease is Promising.
Religious views affect undergraduates’ endorsement of teleological reasoning and understanding of natural selection, but not their ability to learn evolution: A preliminary mixed-methods study
Authors: Wingert Jason R. , Bassett Gennie , Terry Caitlin E. , Lee Jimin
Published: May 2022

Creationist religious views have a large influence on the public’s views and learning related to evolution, especially human evolution. Creationism has been shown to reinforce students’ design teleological stance, which creates challenging conceptual obstacle for learning evolution. The purpose of the current study was to determine if students with creationist views responded differently to education intended to directly challenge design teleological reasoning in the context of a human evolution course, compared to students with naturalist views. In a convergent mixed-methods design this study combined pre- and post-semester survey data (N = 48) on student endorsement of teleological reasoning, acceptance of evolution, and understanding natural selection, with thematic analysis of student reflective writing on their understanding and acceptance of natural selection and teleological reasoning. This study found that students with creationist views had higher levels of design teleological reasoning and lower levels of acceptance of evolution at the beginning of the semester, compared to students with naturalist views (p<0.01). Students with creationist views experienced significant (p<0.01) improvements in teleological reasoning and acceptance of evolution. While the changes teleological reasoning, understanding and acceptance experienced by students with creationist views were similar in magnitude to changes in students with naturalist views, creationists never achieved levels of evolution understanding and acceptance seen in students with naturalist views. Thematic analysis revealed that a majority of students believed that religion and evolution are discordant. However, over one-third of students expressed openness to learning about evolution alongside their religious views. This paper describes pedagogical practices to help students understand their own teleological reasoning and support students with creationist views who are learning about evolution.
Sociodemographic variables associated with risk for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Nguyen Chan Tran N , Yosef Matheos , Khalatbari Shokoufeh , Shah Anjali R
Published: May 2022

Background
Several systemic and sociodemographic factors have been associated with the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, there is limited investigation of the potential role social determinants of health may play in augmenting systemic risk factors of DR. This single-center retrospective study aims to identify the association between certain sociodemographic factors and systemic risk factors for developing DR and to assess the impact of these factors on the development of vision-threatening forms of DR (VT-DR).
Methods
Multivariable analysis of longitudinal electronic health record data at a large academic retina clinic was performed. Sociodemographic factors included race, ethnicity, income, and insurance payor. Systemic risk factors for DR included hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c), systolic blood pressure (sBP), and body mass index (BMI). VT-DR was identified from encounter diagnostic codes indicating proliferative retinopathy or diabetic macular edema. Patient-reported primary address zip codes were used to approximate income level, stratified into quartiles.
Results
From 2016 to 2018, 3,470 patients with diabetes totaled 11,437 visits were identified. Black patients had higher HgbA1c and sBP compared to White patients. White patients had higher BMI and sBP compared to patients of unknown/other race and greater odds of VT-DR than the latter. Patients of Hispanic ethnicity had significantly higher sBP than non-Hispanic patients. Low-income patients had higher BMI and sBP than high-income patients and greater odds of VT-DR than the latter. Medicaid recipients had greater odds of VT-DR than those with Blue Care Network (BCN) and Blue Cross Blue Shield (BCBS) insurance. Medicaid and Medicare recipients had higher sBP compared to BCBS recipients. Finally, both higher HgbA1c and sBP had greater odds of VT-DR. There were no differences in odds of VT-DR between White and Black patients or between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients.
Conclusions
Significant associations exist between certain sociodemographic factors and well-known risk factors for DR. Income and payor were associated with increased severity of systemic risk factors and presence of VT-DR. This warrants further investigation of how risk factor optimization and disease prevention may be further improved by targeted intervention of these modifiable sociodemographic factors.
Phlebotomine sand flies from Bolivia: Morphological description of Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillasi n. sp. from the sub-Andean region
Authors: Martinez Eddy , Leon Renato , Mihalca Andrei Daniel , Dujardin Jean-Pierre , Pont François Le
Published: May 2022

Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) veintemillasi n. sp., is described as a new anthropophilic sand fly species based on morphological diagnostic characteristics, which allow differentiating it from the closely related species Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) nevesi and Pintomyia (Pifanomyia) maranonensis within the Evansi series. This species was collected in the Marimonos mountain range, at around 900 m altitude in the Municipality of Palos Blancos, Sud Yungas Province, Department of La Paz, Bolivia, and was misidentified in the past as Pi. (Pif.) nevesi.
Effect of Water Type Used in Mixing the Alginate on the Final Stone Cast of Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: monther Bassil , Belal Ammar
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Recording an accurate impression is one of the most important steps in prosthetic dentistry for a successful denture, alginate remains one of the most common impression materials in dentistry, Therefore, it is important to fully understand its characteristics and the factors that influence it in order to avoid possible complications.Purpose: Study the effect of water type used in mixing the alginate on the final stone cast of removable partial dentures using different types of water.Materials and Methods: The research sample consisted of 30 gypsum casts taken with alginate for partially edentulous metal cast class III modification 2, divided into three equal groups according to the different type of water used in mixing the alginate (distilled water, mineral water, tap water). The linear measurements were made in the longitudinal, vertical, and transverse dimensions according to points prepared in advance on the metallic cast using a digital caliper, then it was repeated on gypsum casts. The results were collected and analyzed statistically by the t-student, Anova, and Bonferroni method at a 95% confidence level.Results: It was found that there were changes in the linear dimensions in all groups, regardless of the type of water used, but to varying degrees between them without statistically significant differences, except for the front vertical linear dimension which was the largest in the tap water group.Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, we can say about the preference of distilled and mineral water in mixing alginate for final impressions compared to tap water.Recommendations: We recommend the use of distilled or mineral water when mixing alginate for final impressions.
The polarity and diversity of premenstrual testimonies are influenced by question framing in an online experiment
Authors: Kountourides Gabriella S , Alvergne Alexandra
Published: May 2022

The discourse around menstrual cycles is often pathologised, leading to negative perceptions of menstruation. The extent to which premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is inherently negative or the result of medicalised framing has long remained unclear. We address this gap by investigating whether framing the premenstrual experience as being both negative and positive components would enable individuals to report more diverse and positive experiences than are currently reported. In an online experiment, 2,638 participants were randomly allocated to one of three question phrasings (control: describe your premenstrual experience; treatment one: describe your positive and negative premenstrual experience; treatment two: describe your negative and positive premenstrual experience). Sentiment analysis was applied to responses to create polarity scores. A two-part Bayesian model was performed to investigate the effect of phrasing in predicting differences in polarity scores. Across all phrasings, responses were negatively skewed. However, response polarity scores and diversity of symptoms were higher if the question specified both positive and negative experiences compared to the control group. This corroborates previous literature showing that a negative premenstrual phase is a widespread phenomenon but challenges the idea that the premenstrual experience is solely negative. The findings have implications for how the premenstrual experience is quantified.
The Personality Characteristics and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among the Staff of Fire Departments and Police Officers of Kermanshah
Authors: Hosseini Maryam , Darushi Hooman , Ahmadi Seyed Mojtaba , Abazari Fateme , Amiriyan Hooshang , Sedighi Mostafa , bigdeli Hamed
Published: May 2022

Background
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results in increased stress and anxiety following exposure to stressful or traumatic event. This disorder takes a long time to treat and it usually involves several traumas. This disorder causes many problems in the personal, social and family areas, employment, increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and CVD death, all of which indicate the importance of this issue
Objectives
the present study was done to assess personality characteristics and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among the staff of fire departments and police officers of Kermanshah.
Methods
This is a descriptive, analytic cross-sectional study and it was carried out on the 194 members of the police and the staff of fire departments and employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences using available sampling method.
Results
There is a significant difference between the group of police officers and control group in terms of post-traumatic stress variable (P = 0.03). Post-traumatic stress disorder had a positive relationship with neuroticism and a significant negative relationship with conscientiousness and agreeableness.
Conclusions
Due to high rates of symptoms of PTSD in police officers as well as the relationship between traumatic stress and personality traits, studies for screening and identifying people at risk and interventions to reduce these symptoms seem to be necessary.
A Study on the Tea Table Setting for Guest Hospitality in the Head Family
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Choi Bae-young
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the tea table setting for guest hospitality in the head family and to investigate the values of living culture inherent in it. For this purpose, seven head families that prepared tea table setting for guest hospitality were selected from『100 prestigious head families in Korea』, a document based on a case study. In addition, the historical background of tea table setting for guest hospitality of each head family was identified, and cultural characteristics of each season were analyzed. The major findings are summarized as follows. First, the tea table setting for guest hospitality showed a culture of wisdom that contained the history of the head family who had lived a life of coexistence with nature in a cup of tea. Second, it was possible to discover the culture of the head family s sincerity, which was written in literature or passed down as the inheritance food on rice cakes and cookies prepared with tea for tea table setting for guest hospitality. Third, in the tea table setting for guest hospitality, there was a culture of courtesy education in the head family that emphasized the right mind of human relations. In conclusion, the tea table setting for the guest hospitality of these head families has value as a tangible and intangible lifestyle that has been changed and developed in relation to Korean tea culture.
Study on the Effect of Tea Meditation on Enhancement of Problem-Shooting Abilities
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Choi Hye-Gyeong
Published: May 2022

This study speculated on the effect of tea meditation on enhancement of problem-shooting abilities. The subjects of the study participated in tea meditation and experienced the positive effect of tea meditation on enhancement of problem-solving abilities. As they had few opportunities to meditate themselves and live an independent life during the adolescence period, they had depression, anxiety, negative way of thinking, and lack of self-identity, self-confidence and abilities to identify the hearts of problems. However, it was discovered that through time of introspection after the tea meditation, their abilities to face with and solve their problems were enhanced. After the tea meditation program, the subjects acquired positive ways of thinking to recover the sense of self-identity and had better abilities to identify the hearst of problems and solve them. Therefore, it is important for them to continue tea meditation for better problem-shooting abilities and universities should support it through organized education programs.
Treatise on the Tea Culture and Health Care in the Big Data Age
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Jung Kyung-mi
Published: May 2022

In the first half of 2020, the world faces the COVID-19 fandemic crisis, and the Korean government is building a leading anti-virus system thanks to its developed ability to utilize Big Data. Big data is a collection of huge data that can not be afforded by existing management and analysis systems. As ICT has become more advanced, the cost of storing and processing data t has decreased, huge data has been generated due to the expansion of SNS. Thanks to Big Data, humans have benefited from various aspects such as prevention of infectious diseases, information on various products, and digital healthcare. On the other hand, Big Data has side effects such as confusion and privacy monitoring caused by too much information. This paper introduces the health care through tea culture as a way to help people adapt to the Big Data age and live healthy. The origin of the car goes up to the epic figure Shennong the Divine Farmer. According to the Shénónng Bncojng of the West Han period, the antidote that Shinnong discovered when he became addicted to 72 poisons was the leaf of tea tree. As such, the contents of tea origin are about excess and detoxification, which has great implications for modern people who suffer from confusion and health problems due to excess rather than lack. The tea is rich in antioxidants, and the harmony of Yin-yang & five elements of the universe is expressed. The relationship and conversation through the tea meeting can be the basis of the formation of isolated individual relationships and self-discovery. Therefore, tea culture health care is expected to be a good curing method in the big data age.
Thioflavin S binds non-amyloid protein structures in lampbrush chromosomes of Gallus gallus domesticus
Authors: Siniukova Vera , Galkina Svetlana , Galkin Alexey
Published: May 2022

Proteins that normally function in amyloid form are found in bacteria, yeast, plants and vertebrates, including humans. In particular, amyloid fibrils and amyloid-like structures are described in the germ cells of various organisms. Recently we showed that in chicken oocytes there are some nuclear structures that are stained by the amyloid-specific dye thioflavin S. Here we demonstrate that thioflavin S binds giant terminal RNP aggregates in chicken lampbrush chromosomes. However, these structures are not stained with Congo red and conformation-dependent anti-amyloid antibodies. Thus, thioflavin S stains chromosome-associated proteins that do not have amyloid properties. These data indicate that thioflavin S must be used with caution when identifying new functional and pathological amyloids.
The Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns and the Theory of Modernism
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Rykov Anatoly V.
Published: May 2022

This paper considers issues of convergence of classical and modernist art theories on the example of the so-called Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns at the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The works of the main participants in this debate, Charles Perrault and Nicolas Boileau, are examined in the context of the theory of modernism and questions of the origin of modernist art. The aggravation of the contradictions between the two versions of the theory of classicism and, more broadly, the two concepts of modernity, led to the formation of new views on the nature of art in the era of late Louis XIV. The leader of the “Moderns,” Charles Perrault, became the founder of the rationalistic and scientistic theories of modernism, gravitating towards aestheticism, formalism, and semiotics of art. In this article, his theories are explored in connection with the modernist formalist discourse and theoretical work of Clement Greenberg. In addition, Charles Perrault’s theory of art is placed in the space of the theory of “aesthetic modernism” (aesthetic movement) and the theory of “art for art’s sake.” Particular attention is paid to the comparative characteristics of the texts of Charles Perrault, Oscar Wilde, and Julius Meier-Graefe. In turn, the works of the chief theoretician of the “ancients,” Nicolas Boileau, are studied in the context of ideas of the “conservative revolution.” From this perspective, the interpretation of the category of the sublime by Pseudo-Longinus, Boileau, and representatives of romantic culture is assessed. The author concludes that Nicola Boileau and Charles Perrault represent different equal branches of modernist discourse. At the same time, Charles Perrault managed not only to anticipate certain phenomena of the culture of modernism in his texts, but also to take important steps towards the contemporary scientific theory of art.