bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Properties of Heterologous anti-Ebola Immunoglobulin after Long Storage
Authors: Melnikov S. A. , Borisevich I. V. , Rozhdestvensky E. V. , Pantyukhov V. B. , Chernikova N. K. , Gordeev E. V. , Nimirskaya S. A. , Khmelev A. L. , Syromyatnikova S. I. , Shatokhina I. V. , Plekhanova T. M. , Timankova G. D. , Borisevich S. V. , Kutaev D. A. , Stovba L. F. , Mishalova E. Yu.
Published: March 2020

Ebola outbreak in eastern parts of the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2018–2020 proved that the virus remains highly hazardous for humans, and the outbreak in West Africa in 2014–2016, which was the largest Ebola outbreak in history, showed that it could be imported to other continents, including Russia. In 1993 the Federal State Budgetary Institution “48th Central Scientific Research Institute” of the Russian Ministry of Defence developed a specific equine immunoglobulin for emergency prophylaxis of Ebola in risk groups. The evaluation and improvement of the product’s properties is an important area in the development of biological defence technologies.

The aim of the studywas to examine the properties of the equine anti-Ebola immunoglobulin which had been stored for a long time at 2–8 °C.

Materials and methods:the authors studied batches of heterologous anti-Ebola immunoglobulin that had been stored for 17–22 years. The properties of the product were evaluated according to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th ed. (Ph. Rus. 14 ed.). The specific activity of the product was determined in a plaque reduction neutralisation test using Ebola virus and African green monkey kidney cells (GMK-AH-1(D)). Immunoglobulin molecular parameters were determined by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography using the test methods described in the European Pharmacopoeia 9.6 and Ph. Rus. 14 ed.

Results:the storage of anti-Ebola immunoglobulin for 17–22 years at 2–8 °C resulted in a four-fold reduction of the level of virus-neutralising antibodies against Ebola, decrease in the proportion of monomers from 98 to 74–90%, increase in the proportion of dimers and polymers, and formation of immunoglobulin molecules’ fragments. Signs of toxicity for mice were observed in one of the three product batches.Conclusions:the obtained results suggest the need to perform more studies to test the quality of antiEbola immunoglobulin batches that were stored for shorter periods of time in order to assess the stability of their initial characteristics.
PERSPECTIVE OF CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) ON THE CYBER HARASSMENT IN INDONESIA
Authors: Gunawan Yordan , Sardi Martinus , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa
Published: March 2020

In 2017, there are 3,528 cases of violence against women in Indonesia, in which 76% of violence occurs in the form of sexual harassment. Sexual harassment is a part of discrimination against women, therefore the United Nations issued the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) as a safeguard of women’s rights. Nowdays, sexual harassment has developed into a new form, namely cyber harassment. Unfortunately, in CEDAW, there is no clear and specific statement related to it. This study is a normative legal research with Statute Approach and Case Approach. By using the qualitative descriptive method, this study will elaborate on the protection of women from cyber harassment in Indonesia based on the perspective of CEDAW. The result shows that, as the international treaty, CEDAW does not provide any punishment for the suspect to be prosecuted. Fortunately, Indonesia has Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions to deal with cyber harassment cases. The author recommends the Indonesian government to formulate a new law dealing with cyber harassment. Aside of that, education to the society on cyber harassment itself needs to be conducted by the government to prevent more victims in the future.
PENGUATAN PEMAHAMAN TERHADAP PENGARUH RADIKALISME SEBAGAI UPAYA MITIGASI RISIKO DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK
Authors: Rahayu Sekar Wiji , Sugianto Fajar , Velicya Vivi
Published: March 2020

That a child as a Human Resources holder of the future of the nation, should get strong protection from exposure to radicalism that can interfere with growth and development. The greatness of the mindset and memory of a child in absorbing information as well as his ability to imitate everything that is shown, becomes a separate opportunity for the elements involved to spread the teachings of radicalism. There are several factors that cause a person, especially a child, to fall into Radicalism, such as internal factors, external factors, domestic factors, foreign factors and religious factors. The closeness between parents and children, as well as the closeness of children with their teachers, does not guarantee that a child will be free from the spread of radicalism. Children are being targeted as new recruits by extremist groups that spread radicalism as a goal of 'planting seeds' which then gives birth to new seeds to spread radicalism. The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and other statutory regulations have committed to continue to provide protection to children as the future of the nation. The commitment then gave birth to a mandate addressed to all levels of society, including but not limited to the government, related institutions, parents, and the child's closest relatives.Bahwa seorang anak sebagai Sumber Daya Manusia pemegang masa depan bangsa, sudah selayaknya mendapatkan perlindungan yang kuat dari paparan radikalisme yang dapat menganggu tumbuh kembangnya. Kehebatan pola pikir dan daya ingat seorang anak dalam menyerap informasi sekaligus kemampuannya dalam meniru segala hal yang ditunjukkan, menjadi kesempatan tersendiri bagi oknum-oknum terkait untuk menyebarkan ajaran radikalisme. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan seseorang, khususnya seorang anak terjerumus ke dalam Paham Radikalisme, seperti faktor internal, faktor eksternal, faktor domestik, faktor luar negeri dan faktor agama. Kedekatan antara orang tua dengan anak, begitupun kedekatan anak dengan gurunya, tidak menjamin bahwa seorang anak akan terbebas dari penyebaran paham Radikalisme. Anak dijadikan sebagai target perekrutan baru oleh kelompok ekstrimis penyebar paham radikalisme sebagai tujuan ‘menanam benih’ yang kemudian melahirkan bibit-bibit baru untuk menyebarkan paham radikalisme. Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia serta peraturan perundang-undangan lainnya telah berkomitmen untuk tetap memberikan Perlindungan kepada Anak sebagai masa depan bangsa. Komitmen tersebut kemudian melahirkan amanat yang ditujukan kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat, termasuk namun tidak terbatas, kepada pemerintah, lembaga-lembaga terkait, orang tua, dan kerabat terdekat anak.
BATASAN TERHADAP IMUNITAS ADVOKAT YANG DIPERLUAS BERDASARKAN PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 26/PUU-XI/2013
Authors: Winata Oey Valentino , Dewanto Wisnu Aryo
Published: March 2020

The basis for granting immunity to advocates is in Article 16 of Law No. 18 of 2003, that advocates cannot be prosecuted both civil and criminal in carrying out their professional duties in good faith in the interests of the Client's defense in court proceedings. The immunity obtained by advocates is not only within the scope of the court, but also protects it outside the court. The immunity has been expanded based on the Constitutional Court Decision Number 26 / PUU-XI / 2013. The granting of immunity to such advocates is considered as an act that violates the provisions of Article 28 D of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, that everyone has the right to recognition, guarantee protection and fair legal certainty and equal treatment before the law. However, the right to immunity from lawsuits (immunity) to advocates does not conflict with Article 28D of the 1945 Constitution if given with limitations to advocates who are one of law enforcers in Indonesia, these restrictions apply both outside and in court proceedings. The limitation is in the form of a professional code of ethics and legislation, as well as good faith. Any action that goes beyond or beyond these three limits cannot be protected by immunity, so that if one of the three limits is exceeded, advocates can be legally processed and sentenced based on applicable regulations.Dasar pemberian imunitas kepada advokat ada pada Pasal 16 UU No. 18 Tahun 2003, bahwa advokat tidak dapat dituntut baik secara perdata maupun pidana dalam menjalankan tugas profesinya dengan iktikad baik untuk kepentingan pembelaan Klien dalam sidang pengadilan. Imunitas yang didapatkan advokat ternyata tidak hanya dalam lingkup pengadilan, tetapi juga melindunginya diluar pengadilan. Imunitas tersebut telah diperluas berdasarkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 26/PUU-XI/2013. Pemberian imunitas kepada advokat tersebut dianggap sebagai suatu perbuatan yang melanggar ketentuan Pasal 28D Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945, bahwa setiap orang berhak atas pengakuan, jaminan perlindungan dan kepastian hukum yang adil serta perlakuan yang sama dihadapan hukum. Tetapi hak atas kekebalan dari tuntutan hukum (imunitas) kepada advokat tersebut menjadi tidak bertentangan dengan Pasal 28D UUD 1945 apabila diberikan dengan batasan-batasan kepada advokat yang merupakan salah satu penegak hukum di Indonesia, batasan tersebut berlaku baik di luar maupun di dalam sidang pengadilan. Batasan tersebut berupa kode etik profesi dan peraturan perundang-undangan, serta iktikad baik. Setiap tindakan yang melampaui atau diluar ketiga batasan tersebut, tidak bisa dilindungi oleh imunitas, sehingga atas dilampauinya salah satu dari ketiga batasan tersebut maka advokat dapat diproses secara hukum dan dijatuhi hukuman berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku.
Total Fenolic Contents of Ferula elaeochytris Root Extract and Its Effect on Glucose Levels
Authors: ESER Nadire , KARTLAŞMIŞ Kezban , UÇAR Yılmaz , KÖKBAŞ Umut
Published: March 2020

Nowadays, diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia by a problem in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is known that oxidative damage plays an important role in the development of vascular and neurogenic complications of diabetes and antioxidants are effective on these pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Ferula elaeochytris root extract, commonly known as “ÇAKŞIR” in South and Southeastern Anatolia. Ferula elaeochytris was collected from the Engizek plateau of Kahramanmaraş. The plant root was prepared on a clean and dry surface and ground for grinding. The inhibitory effect of Ferula eleaochytris on glucose was determined electrochemically with the biosensor device, and total phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method as an indicator of antioxidant activity. In this study, according to electrochemical analysis with biosensor device, a linear decrease in glucose levels was observed depends on the decrease of enzyme-substrate interaction as a result of the addition of 100 µl cumulatively 1 minute (min) intervals of Ferula elaeochytris root extract (N=120). In addition, the total phenolic content of this plant was detected (41.45±2.38 mg GAE/g, n:3) by Folin-Ciocalteu method. It can be concluded that Ferula elaeochytris may have a hypoglycemic effect owing to its inhibitory effect on glucose levels and Ferula elaeochytris may also have a possible antioxidant source by means of the plant has a high capacity of total phenolic content. With the advanced studies to be done, it will be able to provide a more conscious utilization in accordance with the purpose of this unconsciously used plant by many people.
DIFERENCIA ENTRE MÉDICOS Y ODONTÓLOGOS RESPECTO A LA DONACIÓN DEL PROPIO CUERPO PARA DOCENCIA E INVESTIGACIÓN EN CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA
Authors: Biasutto Susana N. , Navarro Lucía M. , Turri Florencia , Longoni Nicolás , Bertocchi Valle Atilio J. , Siemsen Sofía G. , De Oro Federico , Molina Vargas Isaías E. , David Oscar P. , Spinelli Marcos A. , Urrutia Daniel
Published: March 2020

En Argentina, la mayoría de las universidades tienen deficiencia de material cadavérico. Medicina y Odontología son las carreras que utilizan cuerpos en forma regular para la docencia-aprendizaje de la Anatomía. Este hecho ha motivado una consideración particular dentro de nuestro estudio para establecer la actitud de diferentes grupos de población respecto a la donación de cuerpos. Nuestro objetivo es evidenciar las diferencias que observamos entre los profesionales egresados de las dos carreras como participantes fundamentales para implementar un programa de donación. Estudio transversal cualitativo y relacional, basado en encuestas anónimas con respuestas de múltiples opciones y semi-estructuradas, receptadas al azar a médicos y odontólogos. El cuestionario incluyó datos demográficos y otros vinculados a la importancia de los cuerpos para docencia e investigación y la voluntad de donar. Hubo diferencias en la voluntad de donar entre los encuestados de ambas profesiones. No se evidenciaron diferencias entre los dos grupos por sexo, origen geográfico, religión o práctica quirúrgica en su profesión. Si se evidenciaron diferencias significativas dependiendo de la especialidad, la importancia que se le asigna al cadáver para la docencia-aprendizaje de la Anatomía, la actitud hacia la donación de órganos para trasplante y el conocimiento previo sobre la posibilidad de donar el cuerpo. Los médicos muestran mayor tendencia a donar independientemente de la especialidad, porque consideran que los cuerpos son fundamentales para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Anatomía y tienen mayor conocimiento sobre donación; lo que influye tanto en la donación de órganos como del cuerpo completo.
BRANCHING PATTERN OF FETAL INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY. PATRÓN DE RAMIFICACIÓN DE LA ARTERIA ILÍACA INTERNA FETAL
Authors: Sakthivelavan Sumathilatha , Sendiladibban Sakthivelavan D , Felicia Christilda
Published: March 2020

Objetivo: Estudiar el patrón de ramificación de la arteria ilíaca interna del feto y que son equivalentes a la disposición de las ramas ilíacas internas en los adultos. Métodos: Veinticuatro mitades de pelvis fueron utilizados como muestras. Que se obtuvieron de fetos nacidos muertos, de 5 a 9 meses de edad gestacional. Resultados: la arteria ilíaca interna está en consonancia con la arteria ilíaca común y más grande que la arteria ilíaca externa. Tres tipos de ramificación se observaron sobre la base de las grandes ramas, a saber, la arteria glútea inferior, la arteria pudenda interna y la arteria glútea superior. Los resultados se correlacionaron con los patrones de ramificación descriptos por Piersol (1930). Conclusión: La disposición más común, tenía dos grandes troncos procedentes de la arteria iliaca interna, la posterior era la arteria glútea superior y la anterior se dividía en arterias pudenda y glútea inferior. Los otros patrones conducen variables en los adultos que son de importancia embriológicos y quirúrgicos. Objective: To study the branching pattern of fetal internal iliac artery and to correlate with the arrangement of the internal iliac branches in adults. Methods: Twenty four pelvic halves were used as specimens. They were obtained from the dead born fetuses of 5 to 9 months of gestational age. Results: Internal iliac artery was in line with the common iliac artery and larger than the external iliac artery.  Three types of branching were observed based on the large branches namely inferior gluteal artery, internal pudendal artery and superior gluteal artery. The findings were correlated with the patterns of branching described by Piersol (1930). Conclusion: The most common arrangement had two large trunks originating from internal iliac artery, the posterior one being superior gluteal artery and the anterior one divided into internal pudendal and inferior gluteal arteries. The other patterns lead to variable branching patterns in adults that are of embryological and surgical significance.
MORPHOLOGY AND MORPHOMETRY OF DRY ADULT ACETABULA IN NIGERIA. Morfología y morfometría de los acetábulos adultos secos en Nigeria
Authors: Ukoha Ukoha U , Umeasalugo Kosisochukwu E , Okafor Joseph I , Ndukwe Godwin U , Nzeakor Henry C , Ekwunife Dymphna O
Published: March 2020

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to measure the acetabular depth and diameter, to determine the shape of the anterior acetabular ridge and to find out the relationship between the depth and diameter which will be useful in preparing suitable sizes of prosthesis for Nigerians. Materials and Method: 100 dry adult hip bones of unknown gender but known sides were used. A vernier caliper and ruler were used for the measurement. The shapes of the anterior acetabular ridge were noted, and the transverse and superoinferior diameters of the acetabulum were measured using vernier calipers. The data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS. Result: The result showed that there were four major shapes which are: curved (35%), angular (33%), straight (23%) and irregular (9%). The total diameter on the right side was slightly less than the left. There was a significant positive relationship between the depth and the transverse, superoinferior and total diameters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These relationships should be borne in mind when providing prostheses for Nigerians, during hip arthroplasty, treatment of hip joint fractures and in diagnosing congenital hip dysplasia.Objetivos: El presente estudio se llevó a cabo para medir la profundidad del acetábulo y el diámetro, para determinar la forma de la cresta acetabular anterior y para averiguar la relación entre la profundidad y diámetro que será útil en la preparación de tamaños adecuados de prótesis para los Nigerianos. Material y Método: Se utilizaron 100 secos huesos de la cadera adulto de género desconocido, pero los lados conocidos. Un pie de rey y gobernante se utilizaron para la medición. Se observaron las formas de la cresta acetabular anterior, y el transversal y diámetros superoinferior del acetábulo se midieron usando calibradores vernier. Los datos fueron registrados y analizados mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS. Resultado: El resultado mostró que había cuatro formas principales que son: curvas (35%), angulares (33%), recto (23%) e irregular (9%). El diámetro total del lado derecho fue ligeramente inferior a la izquierda. Hubo una relación positiva significativa entre la profundidad y la transversal, superoinferior y diámetros totales (p <0,05). Conclusión: Estas relaciones deben ser tenidos en cuenta en la prestación de prótesis para los nigerianos, durante la artroplastia de cadera, el tratamiento de las fracturas de las articulaciones de la cadera y en el diagnóstico de la displasia congénita de cadera.
Relaciones fenotipícas y genéticas entre razas tardías de maíz (Zea mays ssp. mays) nativas de la provincia de Misiones (Argentina)
Authors: Melchiorre Pedro , Bartoloni Norberto , Cámara Hernández + Julián
Published: March 2020

Introducción y objetivos: Si bien se han descripto las razas de maíz nativas del Noreste de Argentina (Misiones) y publicado un trabajo sobre las relaciones fenéticas, no obstante poco se conoce sobre las relaciones genéticas, siendo éste el objetivo principal de este trabajo.

M&M: Un grupo de seis razas de maíz y la descendencia “F1” derivada de un esquema de cruzamientos dialélicos han sido evaluadas sobre la base de 21 caracteres cuantitativos, morfológicos vegetativos, reproductivos y fenológicos mediante ANVA y métodos estadísticos multivariados (análisis discriminante canónico y análisis de agrupamiento).  

Resultados: El ANVA mostró diferencias altamente significativas entre las razas parentales y la progenie, para casi todas las variables. Las dos primeras variables canónicas (vc) explican casi 67% de la variación total. Los caracteres discriminantes más importantes asociados a la primera vc corresponden a las dimensiones de la espiga y de los granos, mientras que los caracteres ligados a la segunda vc son morfológicos vegetativos y reproductivos. Se describieron los grupos raciales definidos por el análisis de agrupamiento.

Conclusiones: El análisis de agrupamiento permitió distinguir grupos raciales afines. Las relaciones genéticas observadas a partir de cruzamientos dialélicos son diferentes según el parámetro que se considere para el reagrupamiento. Los resultados obtenidos son importantes desde el punto de vista taxonómico y evolutivo y facilitan la elección de material a emplear en los programas de mejoramiento.
Lectotypification and a new synonym of Bonamia sericea (Convolvulaceae): Endemic species from Argentina
Authors: Moreira André Luiz Da Costa , Simão-Bianchini Rosângela , Cavalcanti Taciana
Published: March 2020

Background and aims: Bonamia Thoaurs (Convolvulaceae) comprises about 70 species with a tropical and subtropical distribution. Morphological and molecular studies in Bonamia were carried out to clarify relationships in and out of the genus and throughout this work it was detected the need for re-limit the circumscription of some taxa. This paper contributes to the circumscription and lectotypification of Bonamia sericea (Griseb.) Hallier f., an endemic species from northern Argentina.
M&M: Morphological analysis of Bonamia sericea, were made based on a study of specimens of herbaria, including the type-material, digital type images and other herbaria website.
Results: A new synonym for B. sericea is proposed. The lectotype of B. sericea is here designated and a complete description and illustrations are presented.
Revisión Taxonómica de Urvillea (Sapindaceae, Paullinieae): Un género americano
Authors: Ferrucci María Silvia
Published: March 2020

Introducción y objetivos: Urvillea Kunth es un pequeño género americano de arbustos o subarbustos trepadores, raro subarbustos erectos o hemicriptófitos rizomatosos. Se distribuye desde el sudoeste de los Estados Unidos (Texas) hasta el centro de Argentina, siendo Brasil el principal centro de diversidad. Urvillea se caracteriza por su duodicogamia, hojas trifoliadas y flores zigomorfas; usualmente cinco sépalos, cuatro lobos nectaríferos, anteras con una expansión apical del conectivo más o menos conspicua y frutos capsulares subcartáceos o cartáceos. Aunque algunos tratamientos regionales están disponibles, la única revisión exhaustiva del género fue publicada en 1932 por Radlkofer. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión taxonómica basada en colecciones modernas y estudios biosistemáticos.
M&M: Se recopilaron datos taxonómicos de la literatura, incluidos estudios filogenéticos, y de observaciones de campo, y se analizaron especímenes de Urvillea de 90 herbarios. Se realizaron observaciones morfo-anatómicas con microscopía estereoscópica, óptica y electrónica de barrido.
Resultados: Se reconocieron 20 especies de Urvillea. Se extendió la distribución geográfica para la mayoría de las mismas. Nueve nombres (ocho especies y una forma) fueron lectotipificados y se propusieron cuatro nuevos sinónimos. Además se describió la morfología polínica para todas las especies.
Sustitución de importaciones y déficits gemelos en Ecuador
Authors: Iturralde Durán Carlos , Vivar Valarezo Michell
Published: March 2020

El presente artículo tiene el propósito de analizar el efecto que la implementación del modelo de industrialización por sustitución de importaciones tuvo sobre el equilibrio externo y fiscal entre el 2007 y 2017, para lo cual se realizó una investigación bibliográfica de tipo descriptiva y longitudinal, hallándose que durante este periodo persistió la presencia de déficits gemelos que incrementaron la dependencia del país hacia el ahorro externo, principalmente, en forma de deuda, sin lograr un cambio estructural de la matriz productiva, cuyas exportaciones continúan siendo mayoritariamente primarias, concentradas en un producto, el petróleo crudo, y en un destino, Estados Unidos.
Palabras clave: Balanza de pagos, déficit presupuestario, déficit comercial, sustitución de importaciones, restricción de importaciones.
URL: http://revistas.uta.edu.ec/erevista/index.php/bcoyu/article/view/884
El impacto de las prácticas pre profesionales en la cultura tributaria de los estudiantes de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca
Authors: Mendieta Andrade Patricio , Ordoñez Parra Janice , Cuadrado Sánchez Gina
Published: March 2020

El presente trabajo analiza el impacto que ha tenido el Proyecto Núcleo de Apoyo Contable y Fiscal de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca en la cultura tributaria de los estudiantes participantes en el mismo, en el período 2016-2018; para lo cual, se utilizó la información de la base de datos del Proyecto y el resultado de la encuesta plantada a los estudiantes; siendo que, se evidenció un impacto positivo en los conocimientos, percepciones y actitudes frente a los impuestos por parte de los estudiantes luego de concluida su participación en el Proyecto, identificándose el apoyo de los docentes, como uno de los factores que percibieron los estudiantes, como el más influyente en el impacto identificado.
Palabras clave: Cultura tributaria, vinculación con la comunidad, evaluación de impacto.
URL: http://revistas.uta.edu.ec/erevista/index.php/bcoyu/article/view/885
SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN PADA KRIS 1949
Authors: Pratama Sandi
Published: March 2020

Dalam sejarah perjalanan bangsa Indonesia, sempat terjadi perubahan bentuk konstitusi. Perubahan ini terjadi ketika Indonesia masih mengalami pergolakan pasca kemerdekaan. Perubahan ini menjadikan Indonesia yang sebelumnya merupakan negara kesatuan, menjadi negara federal layaknya sistem konstitusi negara Barat. Terdapat berbagai pro dan kontra ketika perubahan bentuk konstitusi ini terjadi, oleh karena itu pembahasan ini akan secara khusus memaparkan sejarah terbentuknya Republik Indonesia Serikat (RIS) hingga berakhirnya sistem RIS.
COVID-19 và thế giới xuất bản học thuật
Authors: Ho Toan Manh
Published: March 2020

Bài điểm thông tin khoa học về các tác động của COVID-19 tới thế giới xuất bản học thuật. Đăng trên EASE Vietnam SciComm System (URL: https://sc.sshpa.com/post/5643) ngày 18-03-2020. Sau đó được website của Trung tâm ISR, Phenikaa University đăng lại ngày 25-03-2020 (URL: http://isr.phenikaa-uni.edu.vn/chitiet/su-kien_2019_2_22_7_59_334/covid-19-va-the-gioi-xuat-ban-hoc-thuat).
Review buku kimia pangan
Authors: bin sugeng rijanto mulono apriyanto
Published: March 2020

review buku kimia pangan
Evaluation of the Clinical Champions' Physical Activity Training Programme
Authors: Carlin Liz , Musson Hayley , Adams Emma
Published: March 2020

In 2014 Public Health England (PHE) launched the National Physical Activity Framework ‘Everybody Active, Everyday’. The framework included a key domain for action called ‘Moving Professionals’. The Moving Professionals Programme aims to build expertise and leadership across key professional sectors and to raise awareness and understanding of the health benefits of physical activity among professionals and the wider public. The programme comprises several innovative work packages which are described in full elsewhere (Brannan et al., 2019). One element of the programme was the Clinical Champions’ Physical Activity Training Programme. PHE developed a network of Clinical Champions who were tasked with providing peer-to-peer training on physical activity for healthcare professionals. The long-term aim of the Clinical Champions’ Physical Activity (CCPA) training programme is to increase population levels of physical activity by increasing the proportion of healthcare professionals integrating conversations about physical activity into routine clinical practice in England.An independent evaluation of the Clinical Champion’s physical activity training programme was conducted by researchers based at the National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM) in the School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences at Loughborough University, UK. The NCSEM were not responsible for the implementation of the Clinical Champions’ physical activity training. The evaluation aimed to: 1) Evaluate the uptake and utilisation of the training programme and the different training models; 2) Assess the perceived impact of the training programme on healthcare professionals’ confidence, knowledge and application of brief physical activity advice in routine clinical practice; 3) Assess whether there is any differential impact of the training programme when sessions are delivered by different types of Clinical Champion (i.e. doctor, nurse or allied healthcare professional) to different healthcare professional audiences and 4) Assess the perceived strategic impact of the Clinical Champion physical activity training programme. A mixed methods approach was used to evaluate the programme. This report details the evaluation findings and provides recommendations for the future implementation of the Clinical Champions’ physical activity training programme.
Covid-19, climate change and breakdown of the global Markov blanket
Authors: Dennison Paul
Published: March 2020

This commentary explores the Covid-19 pandemic against the background of global climate change. We live in interdependence with our environment at a hierarchy of scales; from the fertilised egg in the womb, the newborn with mother, children with parents and family, adults in societies, and finally societies in interdependence with our planet. We consider the processes of interaction at hierarchical levels as forms of “communication”, often deeply unconscious and non-verbal, to better understand what we might be dealing with during this present crisis, and how to respond in addition to the obvious medical and epidemiological considerations.
PENGARUH PERENDAMAN LARUTAN SULFIT DAN PENGASAPAN BELERANG TERHADAP MUTU KOPRA PUTIH DI KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR
Authors: bin sugeng rijanto mulono apriyanto
Published: March 2020

Pada umumnya petani kopra di Propinsi Riau melakukan pengeringan dengan pengasapan langsung atau pengeringan dengan panas api. Pada pengeringan ini, kopra yang dihasilkan dibawah standar mutu yang ditetapkan, dengan ciri-ciri : berwarna coklat, berbau asap, kadar air yang cukup tinggi sekitar 15 - 22% sehingga mudah terserangan mikroorganisme. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan perbaikan teknologi pengeringan kopra dengan menggunakan sinar matahari sebagai sumber energi yaitu berupa tunel pengering dengan atap dan dinding terbuat dari plastik terpal kembes (warna biru).Alat pengering dirakit dan dicobakan di Desa Teluk Dalam Kecamatan Kuala Indragiri, Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Propinsi Riau pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2018. Penggunaan bubuk belerang tampaknya meningkatkan kualitas kopra diproduksi dan lebih hemat dibandingkan penggunaan batok kelapa sebagai sumber bahan bakar. Penambahan bubuk belerang semakin terbukti kualitas kopra putih.
Rethinking post-traumatic stress disorder – A predictive processing perspective
Authors: Kube Tobias , Berg Max , Kleim Birgit , Herzog Philipp
Published: March 2020

Predictive processing has become a popular framework in neuroscience and computational psychiatry, where it has provided a new understanding of various mental disorders. Here, we apply the predictive processing account to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We argue that the experience of a traumatic event in Bayesian terms can be understood as a perceptual hypothesis that is subsequently given a very high a-priori likelihood due to its (life-) threatening significance; thus, this hypothesis is re-selected although it does not fit the actual sensory input. Based on this account, we re-conceptualise the symptom clusters of PTSD through the lens of a predictive processing model. We particularly focus on re-experiencing symptoms as the hallmark symptoms of PTSD, and discuss the occurrence of flashbacks in terms of perceptual and interoceptive inference. This account provides not only a new understanding of the clinical profile of PTSD, but also a unifying framework for the corresponding pathologies at the neurobiological level. Finally, we derive directions for future research and discuss implications for psychological and pharmacological interventions.
Current Trends and Emerging Methodologies in Charting Heritage Language Bilingual Grammars
Authors: Bayram Fatih , Rothman Jason , Di Pisa Grazia , Slabakova Roumyana
Published: March 2020

This chapter contextualizes the methodological landscape of formal linguistic heritage language studies, with a special emphasis on emerging, innovative trends. The chapter is divided in three parts. Part 1 reviews methodological challenges related to testing heritage speaker knowledge (e.g., modality of testing, issues pertaining to baselines) as well as the history of offline behavioral experimentation that typically compares heritage speakers to monolingual baselines (Montrul 2008, 2016; Polinsky, 2018). We will seek to take stock of what has been robustly studied to date versus where there is welcomed room for further investigation in the near future (e.g. the imbalance between heritage speaker developmental studies in young and older aged children and adolescents versus the highly studied case of competence outcomes in (young) adult ultimate attainment, e.g. Kupisch & Rothman, 2016). Part 2 considers recent trends in heritage language empirical studies adopting online methods (e.g., Villegas, 2014; Kim, Montrul & Yoon, 2015; Jacob, Şafak, Demir, Kırkıcı, 2018), contributing both complementary evidence to the considerably larger behavioral data base that dominates the field as well as some challenges for claims made on this basis of behavioral data alone. Part 3 unpacks the emerging trend focusing on the continuum of differences within heritage speakers themselves, attempting to quantify, reveal and understand correlations of individual experiences (using regression statistical analyses) with access to and engagement with input as well as opportunities for converting input to intake that might shed light on how and why individual grammars take the developmental path and end state they do (Bayram et al., 2017; Lloyd-Smith et al., under review).
The MUST Set and Toolbox: A Set of 200 Musical Stimuli Varying in Balance, Contour, Symmetry, and Complexity: Behavioral and Computational Assessments
Authors: Clemente Ana , Vila-Vidal Manel , Pearce Marcus Thomas , Aguiló Germán , Corradi Guido , Nadal Marcos
Published: March 2020

We present a novel set of 200 Western tonal musical stimuli (MUST) to be used in research on perception and appreciation of music. It consists of four subsets of 50 stimuli varying in balance, contour, symmetry, or complexity. All are 4 s long and designed to be musically appealing and experimentally controlled. We assessed them behaviorally and computationally. The behavioral assessment (Study 1) aimed to determine whether musically untrained participants could identify variations in each attribute. Forty-three participants rated the stimuli in each subset on the corresponding attribute. We found that inter-rater reliability was high and that the ratings mirrored the design features well. Participants’ ratings also served to create an abridged set of 24 stimuli per subset. The computational assessment (Study 2) required the development of a specific battery of computational measures describing the structural properties of each stimulus. We distilled nonredundant composite measures for each attribute and examined whether they predicted participants’ ratings. Our results show that the composite measures indeed predicted participants’ ratings. Moreover, the composite complexity measure predicted complexity ratings at least as well as existing models of musical complexity. We conclude that the four subsets are suitable for use in studies that require presenting participants with short musical motifs varying in balance, contour, symmetry, or complexity, and that the stimuli and the computational measures are valuable resources for research in music psychology, empirical aesthetics, music information retrieval, and musicology. The MUST set and MATLAB toolbox codifying the computational measures are freely available at osf.io/bfxz7.
Invisible Hands and Fine Calipers: A Call to Use Formal Theory as a Toolkit for Theory Construction
Authors: Robinaugh Donald , Haslbeck Jonas M B , Ryan Oisín , Fried Eiko I , Waldorp Lourens
Published: March 2020

In recent years, a growing chorus of researchers have argued that psychological theory is in a state of crisis: theories are rarely developed in a way that indicates an accumulation of knowledge and they are often absent from our research entirely. More than 40 years ago, Paul Meehl raised these very concerns. Yet, in the ensuing decades, little has improved. We aim to chart a better path forward for psychological theory by revisiting Meehl's criticisms, his proposed solution, and the reasons his solution failed to meaningful change the status of psychological theory. We argue that Meehl identified serious shortcomings in our evaluation of psychological theories and that his proposed solution would substantially strengthen theory testing. However, we also argue that he failed to provide researchers a set of tools for theory construction. To advance psychological theory, we must equip researchers with tools to better generate, evaluate, and develop their theories. We argue that formal theories provide this much needed set of tools, equipping researchers with tools for thinking, evaluating explanation, informing theory development, strengthening measurement, and moving toward collaborative construction of psychological theories that allow us to explain, predict, and control psychological phenomena.
COVID-19: Risk perception and Coping strategies.
Authors: Gerhold Lars
Published: March 2020

This paper presents preliminary results of a representative survey of the German population focusing on perceptions of risk and ways of coping with COVID-19. Results show that older people estimate the risk of COVID-19 as being less than younger people. Women are more concerned about COVID-19 than men. People especially worry about being infected in places with high public traffic such as public transport and shops or restaurants. Coping strategies are highly problem-focused and most respondents listen to experts’ advice and try to behave calmly and appropriately. People accept that measures to tackle COVID-19 will take time to be effective. Bulk buying and storing of food is mainly justified by a combination of convenience and a perceived need to be prepared for potential quarantine.
Differential discounting of virtue signaling: Public virtue is perceived less favorably than private virtue for generosity but not impartiality
Authors: Kraft-Todd Gordon , Kleiman-Weiner Max , Young Liane
Published: March 2020

There is a paradox in our desire to be seen as virtuous. If we are modest in showing our virtue, others will not be able to see this quality in us; yet, if we show off our virtue, others may think that we do so only for social credit. Here, we investigate how virtue signaling works across two distinct virtues—generosity and impartiality—in 3 online studies (N=2,413). We demonstrate the novel phenomenon of differential virtue discounting, revealing that participants perceive actors who demonstrate virtue in public to be less virtuous than actors who demonstrate virtue in private, and, critically, that this effect is greater for generosity than impartiality. Further, we provide evidence that motivational attributions are a mechanism of differential virtue discounting using both correlational and experimental mediation paradigms. Specifically, we find that two factors of motivational attributions—reputational motivation and moral motivation—explain the effect of observability on perceptions of virtue. Our supplement includes all data collected (inclusive of main text, 12 studies, total N=6,126) and 7 analyses as robustness checks and demonstrations of boundary conditions. We discuss how these findings and our novel terminology can shed light on open questions in the social perception of reputation and motivation.
How indiscriminate violence fuels conflicts between groups: Evidence from Kenya
Authors: Schutte Sebastian , Ruhe Constantin , linke andrew
Published: March 2020

Armed conflicts frequently fuel tensions between groups. The “cognitive perspective” of group identification offers a possible explanation, but is tacit on exact causal pathways. We predict that indiscriminate violence by armed actors induces fear of future attacks which in turn leads to prejudice, enhanced in-group cohesion, and calls for segregation. Selective violence does not have these effects. Relying on panel surveys conducted in Nairobi and Mombasa during the violent Kenyan elections in the Summer of 2017, we find evidence for the predicted effects among Christians in 2-way Fixed Effects estimation and an endorsement experiment.
Drivers of global variation in land ownership
Authors: Kavanagh Patrick H. , Haynie Hannah J. , Kushnick Geoff , Vilela Bruno , Tuff Ty , Bowern Claire , Low Bobbi S. , Ember Carol , Kirby Kathryn R. , Botero Carlos A. , Gavin Michael C.
Published: March 2020

Land ownership shapes natural resource management and social-ecological resilience, but the factors determining ownership norms in human societies remain unclear. Here we conduct a global empirical test of long-standing theories from ecology, economics, and anthropology regarding potential drivers of land ownership and territoriality. Prior theory suggests that resource defensibility, subsistence strategies, population pressure, political complexity, and cultural transmission mechanisms may all influence land ownership. We applied multi-model inference procedures based on logistic regression to cultural and environmental data from 102 societies, 71 with some form of land ownership and 31 with no land ownership. We found an increased probability of land ownership in mountainous environments, where patchy resources may be more cost effective to defend via ownership. We also uncovered support for the role of population pressure, with a greater probability of land ownership in societies living at higher population densities. Our results also show more land ownership when neighboring societies also practiced ownership. We found less support for variables associated with subsistence strategies and political complexity.
Load modeling techniques in distribution networks: a review
Authors: Mohammed Musa , Abdulkarim Abubakar , Abubakar Adamu Sa’idu , Kunya Abdullahi Bala , Jibril Yusuf
Published: March 2020

Power system operation and control required models of generators, lines and loads to be accurately estimated, this is to enable operators make a reliable decision on the system.  Generators and lines models are so far considered accurate, while load models are considered perplexing due to invention of new types of loads, distribution system are transforming from passive to active. Future distribution systems are desired to be smart and for a network to be smart the system as to be fully and accurately represented. Penetration of renewable energy and application of power electronic devices as well as participation of active customers in distribution systems make traditional methods of load modeling absolute. Accurate load modeling is required to address the new challenges evolving in the task of power system operation, control and stability studies. It is also an interest of power system researchers globally to realize Smart Networks (SNs), in which accurate load models are required. This work described a review of techniques and approaches for load modeling from traditional methods to the state of art in the area. In addition, gaps in the literature as well as research directions are also pointed out.
Factors Influencing Early Disc Height Loss Following Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar , Soh Tamara Lee Ting , Tan Mark , Oh Jacob Yoong-Leong
Published: March 2020

Study Design: Retrospective radiological analysis.Purpose: To analyze the factors influencing early disc height loss following lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF).Overview of Literature: Postoperative disc height loss can occur naturally as a result of mechanical loading. This phenomenon is enabled by the yielding of the polyaxial screw heads and settling of the cage to the endplates. When coupled with cage subsidence, there can be significant reduction in the foraminal space which ultimately compromises the indirect decompression achieved by LLIF.Methods: Seventy-two cage levels in 37 patients aged 62±10.2 years who underwent single or multilevel LLIF for degenerative spinal conditions were selected. Their preoperative and postoperative follow-up radiographs were used to measure the anterior disc height (ADH), posterior disc height (PDH), mean disc height (MDH), disc space angle (DSA), and segmental angle. Correlations between the loss of disc height and several factors, including age, construct length, preoperative lordosis, postoperative lordosis, disc height, cage dimensions, and cage position, were analyzed.Results: We found that the lateral interbody cages significantly increased ADH, PDH, MDH, and DSA after surgery (p <0.0001). However, there was a loss of disc height over time. All postoperative disc height parameters, especially the amount of increase in MDH (r =0.413, p <0.0001) after surgery, showed a significant positive association with early disc height loss. The levels demonstrating a significant (≥25%) height loss were those that exhibited a substantial height increase (128.3%, 4.6±3.0 to 10.5±5.6 mm) postoperatively. However, the levels that showed less than 25% height loss were those that exhibited, on average, only a 57.4% height increase post-operatively.Conclusions: The greater the postoperative increase in disc height, the greater the disc height loss throughout early follow-up. Therefore, achieving an optimal disc height rather than overcorrection is an important surgical strategy to adopt when performing LLIF.
LOVE STORIES IN THE AUTHOR'S EDUCATIONAL FICTION TEXT OF THE TEACHER FOR A
FOREIGN AUDIENCE
Authors: Puzyreva Olga Grigoryevna
Published: March 2020

The article describes the interpretation of the theme of love in the author's educational fiction text of the teacher for a foreign audience at the level of Russian language proficiency B1-C1 as a key value-semantic concept of the Russian mental-language picture of the world. The author presents psychological, pedagogical, methodological and philosophical arguments for the need to include this topic in the proposed cycle of short stories. Special attention is paid to how the speech and "creative-motor " (S. V. Dmitriev) dialogue of the situation of love is interconnected with the surrounding socio-cultural space.
FEMALE MANAGERS OF HEALTHCARE FACILITIES AND CHALLENGES FACED BY HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT IN BULGARIA
Authors: Pavlova G.I.
Published: March 2020

This article aims to present women's involvement at the operational management level in the healthcare system, as well as the challenges faced by the management of healthcare facilities. The country is lagging behind European trends in gender equality in the area of authority in the healthcare sector. Female managers of healthcare facilities represent 37%, which is lower than women's involvement in healthcare management in the European countries (41%). There are a number of challenges of systemic nature faced by the management of healthcare structures, generated as a result of regulatory imperfections, financial constraints and staffing deficits. Conclusion: In recent years, Bulgaria has successfully implemented the women’s involvement in management policy, however, there is still much to be done in the healthcare sector. The unresolved problems in the system exacerbate the difficulties before the healthcare management in the country.
NEW DIRECTIONS FOR CREATING SLAG GRANULATION TECHNOLOGY
COPPER PRODUCTION
Authors: Hasanov A.S. , Ahmedov M.S. , Sirozhov T.T. , Tolibov B.I.
Published: March 2020

New technological processes of pyrometallurgical depletion of slag solve issues of either intensification or wastelessness. To solve the problems of intensification, melt mixing is used mechanically or by gas. Top tuyere lances are used, as well as sparging with reducing gas in PV type furnaces. Acceptable results were obtained at pilot plants, but non-waste tasks were not solved.