bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the Fish Migration Patterns Based on Fish Habitat Assessment at a River Confluence
Authors: Liu Shikang , Xi Yuqian , Zhang Chengdi , Zhang Wenyi , Ouyang Lijian , Giet William Bol Yaak , Pan Dongzi , Yao Weiwei
Published: October 2024

Much effort has been devoted to predicting fish migration routes to assist target species migration, and yet, fish migration science and practice remain imperfect. This study aimed to predict the migration paths of Gymnocypris przewalskii at the river confluence in the Qinghai Lake basin. The authors proposed an approach for fish migration route prediction, which involves a hydrodynamic module, a habitat model and a fish migration module. The TELEMAC‐MASCARET system was used to simulate hydrodynamic conditions and statistical analyses were carried out. During the flood season, G. przewalskii migrates downstream, whereas during the migratory season, they migrate upstream. The results indicate that flow velocity was the most significant hydrodynamic parameter affecting fish migration behaviour. The optimal flow velocity range for the target fish species was between 0.7 and 1.7 m/s. The impact of water depth was only observed in low discharge situations. Besides, the temperature plays a vital role in determining fish migration and abundance. However, the results reveal that in the morning hours, the temperature exhibits a range of 10°C to 16°C, and in the noon, the average temperature ranges from 16°C to 19°C, with a maximum temperature reaching 23°C. These temperature variations enable fish to migrate towards the tributary offering a more favourable water temperature during route selection at a river confluence. The study concludes that future research should consider incorporating the swimming capacity of the focal fish species to provide insights into fish migration patterns.
Phenology forecasting models for detection and management of invasive annual grasses
Authors: Prevéy J. S. , Pearse I. S. , Blumenthal D. M. , Howell A. J. , Kray J. A. , Reed S. C. , Stephenson M. B. , Jarnevich C. S.
Published: October 2024

Non‐native annual grasses can dramatically alter fire frequency and reduce forage quality and biodiversity in the ecosystems they invade. Effective management techniques are needed to reduce these undesirable invasive species and maintain ecosystem services. Well‐timed management strategies, such as grazing, that are applied when invasive grasses are active prior to native plants can control invasive species spread and reduce their impact; however, anticipating the timing of key phenological stages that are susceptible to management over vast landscapes is difficult, as the phenology of these species can vary greatly over time and space. To address this challenge, we created range‐wide phenology forecasts for two problematic invasive annual grasses: cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), and red brome (Bromus rubens). We tested a suite of 18 mechanistic phenology models using observations from monitoring experiments, volunteer science, herbarium records, timelapse camera imagery, and downscaled gridded climate data to identify the models that best predicted the dates of flowering and senescence of the two invasive grass species. We found that the timing of flowering and senescence of cheatgrass and red brome were best predicted by photothermal time models that had been adjusted for topography using gridded continuous heat‐insolation load index values. Phenology forecasts based on these models can help managers make decisions about when to schedule management actions such as grazing to reduce undesirable invasive grasses and promote forage production, quality, and biodiversity in grasslands; to predict the timing of greatest fire risk after annual grasses dry out; and to select remote sensing imagery to accurately map invasive grasses across topographic and latitudinal gradients. These phenology models also have the potential to be operationalized for within‐season or within‐year decision support.
Sinkhole formation induced by descending groundwater in a karst aquifer near a limestone quarry
Authors: Arjwech Rungroj , Everett Mark E.
Published: October 2024

This study presents case studies conducted in northeast Thailand, where sinkhole collapses have continuously occurred in certain areas. Rapid descent of groundwater in a karst aquifer has the potential to induce sinkhole collapses within the karst morphology. Field investigations have revealed surface expressions of potentially hazardous sinkholes associated with zones of groundwater depression and abandoned groundwater wells. 2D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles were executed along the trend of such sinkhole collapses. The ERT results were combined to outline potentially dangerous cavities and continuous fractures. Sinkhole collapses in this scenario are primarily induced by groundwater depression and rainfall. Groundwater flows through conduits connecting a quarry with a karst cavern network, and dewatering of the quarry reduces the surrounding groundwater level. Runoff from rainfall percolates within overburden and enters air‐filled cavities. Additionally, quarry blasting activities may cause vibrations that trigger the formation of sinkholes. Observations of surficial collapse features were generally consistent with geophysical ERT‐interpreted subsurface cavities and fractures. Consequently, implementing regulatory measures to restrict the depth of limestone quarrying that affects groundwater levels may be necessary to prevent sinkhole collapses. The sinkhole formation phenomenon underscores a critical link between groundwater fluctuations and the stability of karst landscapes.
Pricing Vulnerable Options With Variance Gamma Systematic and Idiosyncratic Factors by Laplace Transform Inversion
Authors: Guo Fenglong
Published: October 2024

This paper studies the pricing of vulnerable options with systematic and idiosyncratic factors incorporated. Variance gamma processes are employed to model price jumps caused by the arrivals of systematic and idiosyncratic relevant information. A parsimonious pricing measure is developed and Laplace transforms of option price and Greek letters are given. Numerical results are obtained by a two‐sided Euler inversion method in an efficient and accuracy way. It shows that in contrast to idiosyncratic factors, the effect of systematic factors on vulnerable options is strongly affected by the skewness and leptokurtosis features of systematic variance gamma processes.
The role of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the spatiotemporal vascularization of the human and mouse neocortex
Authors: Liu Kaiyi , Kang Zhiruo , Yang Min , Chen Fangbing , Xia Mingyang , Dai Wenjuan , Zheng Shiyi , Chen Huiyao , Lu Q. Richard , Zhou Wenhao , Lin Yifeng
Published: October 2024

Brain vasculature formation begins with vessel invasion from the perineural vascular plexus, which expands through vessel sprouting and growth. Recent studies have indicated the existence of oligodendrocyte‐vascular crosstalk during development. However, the relationship between oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and the ordered spatiotemporal vascularization of the neocortex has not been elucidated. Our findings suggest that OPCs play a complex role in the vessel density of the embryonic and postnatal neocortex. Analyses of normal human and mouse embryonic cerebral cortex show that vascularization and OPC distribution are tightly controlled in a spatially and temporally restricted manner, exhibiting a positive correlation. Loss of OPCs at both embryonic and postnatal stages led to a reduction in vascular density, suggesting that OPC populations play a role in vascular density. Nonetheless, dynamic observation on cultured brain slices and staining of tissue sections indicate that OPC migration is unassociated with the proximity to blood vessels, primarily occurring along radial glial cell processes. Additionally, in vitro experiments demonstrate that OPC secretions promote vascular endothelial cell (VEC) growth. Together, these observations suggest that vessel density is influenced by OPC secretions.
Revitalizing Colleague‐Specific Human Capital: Boomerang and Pipeline‐Based Hiring in a 41‐Year Multilevel Study of Employee Mobility
Authors: Wang Lan , Cotton Rick
Published: October 2024

Amidst the decline of permanent employment contracts and the rapid shortening of career cycles, organizations often face challenges in fully capitalizing on employee mobility. This study adopts a multilevel perspective to explore how mobility impacts both individual and team performance, focusing on acquiring colleague‐specific human capital through two talent acquisition strategies: boomerang hiring and pipeline‐based hiring. Using a unique Major League Baseball database spanning 41 years, including 19,927 player‐year records and 1156 team‐year records, our analysis reveals that individuals engaged in boomerang and pipeline‐based hiring and possessing higher levels of individual colleague‐specific human capital, experience greater benefits from mobility in terms of individual performance. Moreover, these hiring strategies allow organizations to effectively harness colleague‐specific human capital. Specifically, team performance is positively influenced by a greater proportion of boomerang hiring through team colleague‐specific human capital resources. Similarly, a higher ratio of pipeline‐based hiring, alongside other recurrent hiring practices, positively impacts team performance through team colleague‐specific human capital resources. Our findings provide valuable insights for organizations aiming to rejuvenate their colleague‐specific human capital resources through strategic hiring practices to achieve sustained success.
Superficial fungal infections in adults in Northern Finland between 2010 and 2021: A register‐based study
Authors: Mäntyniemi Teemu , Säntti Suvi , Kiviniemi Eetu , Jokelainen Jari , Huilaja Laura , Sinikumpu Suvi‐Päivikki
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Superficial fungal infections are common dermatological reasons to visit a doctor in primary care in Finland. However, their variable clinical picture and minor symptoms may lead to delayed diagnosis. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology and patient profile of fungal infections treated in secondary care over a decade.

Methods

This is a retrospective study including adult patients with a fungal infection in the scalp, nails, or superficial skin diagnosed at the Oulu University Hospital, Finland between the years 2010 and 2021.

Results

There were 573 patients with male predominance (57.6%). All studied fungal infections were more common in the oldest age group (>61 years). The number of fungal infections increased from the year 2017 onward. Only one‐third (37.7%) of the patients were referred to the dermatology clinic because of a suspected dermatophyte infection, and in 46.0% of cases, the diagnostic delay exceeded 6 months. The most common fungal infection was tinea pedis (n = 295, 51.5%) followed by tinea unguium (n = 275, 48.0%); as concomitant infection, they were present in 108 (18.8%) of all patients. The most common pathogen causing a fungal infection was Trichophyton rubrum.

Conclusion

During the study period, the incidence of diagnosed superficial fungal skin infections increased. There was a remarkable diagnostic delay from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis in these most common dermatological conditions.
An overview of the role of chemokine CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) and CX3C chemokine receptor 1 in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Pezeshkian Fatemehsadat , Shahriarirad Reza , Mahram Hadiseh
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis, vascular damage, and immune dysregulation. Fractalkine or chemokine (C‐X3‐C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1), a chemokine and adhesion molecule, along with its receptor CX3CR1, have been implicated in the inflammatory processes of SSc. CX3CL1 functions as both a chemoattractant and an adhesion molecule, guiding immune cell trafficking. This systematic review examines the role of CX3CL1 and its receptor CX3CR1 in the pathogenesis of SSc, with a focus on pulmonary and vascular complications.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to November 2020. The search focused on studies investigating the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in the context of SSc.

Results

The review identified elevated CX3CL1 expression in SSc patients, particularly in the skin and lungs, where CX3CR1 is expressed on infiltrating immune cells. Higher levels of CX3CL1 were correlated with the severity of interstitial lung disease in SSc patients, indicating a potential predictive marker for disease progression. CX3CR1‐positive monocytes and NK cells were recruited to inflamed tissues, contributing to fibrosis and tissue damage. Animal studies showed that inhibition of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis reduced fibrosis and improved vascular function.

Conclusion

The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis plays a key role in immune cell recruitment and fibrosis in SSc. Elevated CX3CL1 levels are associated with lung and vascular complications, making it a potential biomarker for disease progression and a promising therapeutic target.
A Simple and Fast Optical Clearing Method for Whole‐Mount Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Imaging
Authors: Suh Junwoo , Liu Yehe , Smith Jordan , Watanabe Michiko , Rollins Andrew M. , Jenkins Michael W.
Published: October 2024

We report a single‐step optical clearing method that is compatible with RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imaging. We previously demonstrated microscopy imaging with immunohistochemistry and genetic reporters using a technique called lipid‐preserving refractive index matching for prolonged imaging depth (LIMPID). Our protocol reliably produces high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3D) images with minimal aberrations using high magnification objectives, captures large field‐of‐view images of whole‐mount tissues, and supports co‐labeling with antibody and FISH probes. We also custom‐designed FISH probes for quail embryos, demonstrating the ease of fabricating probes for use with less common animal models. Furthermore, we show high‐quality 3D images using a conventional fluorescence microscope, without using more advanced depth sectioning instruments such as confocal or light‐sheet microscopy. For broader adoption, we simplified and optimized 3D‐LIMPID‐FISH to minimize the barrier to entry, and we provide a detailed protocol to aid users with navigating the thick and thin of 3D microscopy.
Composite adsorbent of Terminalia catappa fruit shell‐derived activated carbon and chitosan for enhanced removal of chromium(VI): kinetics, thermodynamics, equilibrium and adsorption mechanism
Authors: Nguyen My Linh , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Nguyen Thi Tuyet Trinh , Chau Nha Truc T. , Ngo Hoang Long , Tran Anh T.K. , Juang Ruey‐Shin
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Chromium, which is widely employed in many industries, has a high toxicity. In this research, activated carbon derived from Terminalia catappa fruit shells was combined with chitosan (TCAC‐CS) to enhance adsorption capability of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] in wastewater.

RESULTS

Different Cr(VI) adsorption parameters were investigated. Two isotherm and two kinetic models were employed to understand the adsorption mechanism. The thermodynamic characteristics of Cr(VI) adsorption, namely the Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS), also were computed. The best adsorption capability was achieved at pH 3, adsorbent dose 2.5 g L−1, temperature 35 °C and initial Cr(VI) concentration 50 mg L−1. The Cr(VI) adsorption capacity reached 184.45 mg g−1, as fitted by the Langmuir isotherm, which is superior when compared to most biomass‐based carbonaceous adsorbents. The negative ΔG value shows the spontaneous nature of the Cr(VI) adsorption process on the TCAS‐CS. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared characterization confirmed that the incorporation of chitosan to activated carbon resulted in chemical adsorption of Cr(VI) via chelating instead of sole physical adsorption via hydrogen bonding, which greatly improved the adsorption ability of the materials.

CONCLUSION

TCAC‐CS demonstrated potential utilization as an efficient, low‐cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent in the removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Lewis Base Promoted [4+2] Annulation of o‐Acylamino‐Aryl Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Carbonates With Isatylidene Malononitriles: Facile Access to Spiro[Indolin‐3,2′‐Quinoline] Frameworks
Authors: Shen Li‐Wen , Luo Mao‐Dan , Zhou Wen‐Yi , Luo Yuan‐Ying , Xiang Min , Jia Yun‐Qing , Yuan Shu‐Pei , Wang Guang‐Wei
Published: October 2024

A novel [4+2] annulation reaction between o‐acylamino‐aryl MBH carbonates and isatylidene malononitriles has been successfully developed. This methodology exhibits excellent substrate tolerance, affording a series of spiro[indolin‐3,2′‐quinoline] framework compounds with yields up to 98%. The scalability of the reaction is also noteworthy, as evidenced by the 95% yield of the final product upon a 50‐fold scale‐up.
Maltobionic acid protects against ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis by suppressing bone resorption
Authors: Nishio Ayaka , Suehiro Daiki , Nakamura Honami , Moriwaki Yuichiro , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Ukai Yoko , Watanabe Akio , Yonezawa Takayuki , Woo Je Tae , Fukami Ken , Ohnishi Motoko
Published: October 2024

Background

Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease characterized by decreased bone density. In this study, we evaluated the anti‐osteoporotic effect of maltobionic acid (MB), one of the components of honey, and calcium maltobionate (MBCa) on bone density and metabolism using a mouse model of osteoporosis. The underlying mechanisms of MB and MBCa action were also investigated.

Results

Ovariectomized (OVX) mice were fed diet containing MB or MBCa for 80 days, and femoral bone mineral content and mineral density (BMD) were evaluated. As expected, OVX reduced BMD; however, the administration of MB and MBCa significantly prevented this decrease. Furthermore, MB and MBCa treatment significantly reduced the serum levels of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP‐5b), a bone resorption marker, and significantly increased the levels of serum calcitonin, compared to those in the OVX control group. In vitro, the relatively high‐dose levels of MB and MBCa inhibited osteoclast differentiation by decreasing the protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T‐cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), the master transcription factor of osteoclastogenesis.

Conclusion

Our results showed that osteoporotic mice treated with MB and MBCa had improved bone density and bone metabolism compared to the OVX controls. Moreover, it was hypothesized herein that the suppressive effect on osteoclast differentiation slightly contributed to these results concomitantly. These findings suggest that the intake of MB or MBCa may contribute to the maintenance of bone health, including the prevention of primary osteoporosis.
Effect of green tea or black tea extract on lipid and protein oxidation in Cantonese sausage
Authors: Xu Weibing , Nie Chunlin , Li Zhicheng , Qiu Shuxian , Xiang Junyi , Zhou Yongqiang , Tomasevic Igor , Sun Weizheng
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Natural polyphenols offer a safer alternative to synthetic antioxidants in meat products. This study investigated the efficacy of green tea and black tea extracts as natural antioxidants in Cantonese sausages to inhibit lipid and protein oxidation.

RESULTS

Sausages were prepared with the addition of different concentrations – 100, 300, and 600 mg kg−1 total polyphenols (TP) – of green tea or black tea extract. Oxidation of the sausages was assessed through thiobarbituric acid reactants, carbonyl content, and thiol content, whereas consumer acceptability was evaluated based on texture, color, and sensory analysis. The tea extracts inhibited malondialdehyde production and reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance value from 23.72 mmol MDA g−1 to less than 1.94 mmol MDA g−1. However, the addition of tea extracts decreased the thiol content and caused the loss of myosin heavy chain and actin bonds in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Although the addition of tea extracts increased the redness and hardness of the sausage, no significant difference in consumer acceptance between the control and treatment groups was observed in the sensory analysis.

CONCLUSION

The tea extract inhibited the oxidation of lipids in Cantonese sausage. There was no negative effect on the sensory characteristics of sausages. The use of tea extracts as natural antioxidants in Cantonese sausage is therefore feasible. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
More Than Taste: Effects of Visitor's Cognitive Appraisal on the Complete Satisfaction of Wine Tourism
Authors: Wang Xi , Zheng Jie , Luo Yi
Published: October 2024

Wine tourism is gaining popularity as visitors seek unique experiences. This study investigated the effects of tangible and intangible factors on visitors' satisfaction with wine tourism. Free cancellation, multi‐language support, tour guides, service animals, tasting fees, and refreshments positively affected satisfaction, while COVID‐19 measures, larger groups, and more tastings had negative impacts. Positive emotions in reviews correlated with higher satisfaction, while negative emotions lowered it. The research contributes to understanding wine tourism and provides insights for operators to improve satisfaction and reform the industry post‐pandemic.
Exploring the Impact of Biochar‐Dolomite Application at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures on Acid Sulfate Soil Properties
Authors: Sulaiman Syazwan , Navaranjan Namasivayam , Hernandez‐Ramirez Guillermo , Sulaiman Zohrah , Liew Kathereen
Published: October 2024

The use of biochar as a soil amendment for acid soil, particularly acid sulfate soil, has garnered significant interest due to its capacity to improve soil properties, which is further accentuated when combined with dolomite. However, the extent to which the magnitude and direction of this effect vary with biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures remains uncertain. We conducted an incubation by mixing soil with dolomite and biochar types derived from Melastoma malabathricum (MMBC) and Dicranopteris linearis (DLBC) at three temperatures (300, 500, and 700°C). The incorporation of dolomite with both biochar types led to significant improvements in soil pH, available P, available Fe, exchangeable K, and exchangeable Ca compared to soil amended with dolomite only. These enhancements were likely attributed to the release of alkalinity, which further raised soil pH, as well as the direct dissolution of P, K, and Ca from the biochar. Moreover, the reduced Fe availability was likely due to the complexation of Fe onto surface functional groups of biochar. Furthermore, these improvements surpassed the effect of the initial feedstock and became increasingly pronounced with higher pyrolysis temperatures. However, an antagonistic effect of dolomite and biochar co‐incorporation was observed, particularly in the relative reduction of soil exchangeable Mg with both biochar types, and a decrease in the soil available N with MMBC produced at 300 and 500°C compared to dolomite addition alone, which could be due to the adsorption of Mg and N onto biochar surface. The results indicate that concurrent application of dolomite and biochar can change the acid sulfate soil properties to varying magnitudes and in different directions, largely regulated by the characteristics of biochar as well as the probable interplay with dolomite. Consequently, selecting the appropriate biochar that aligns with the desired soil properties is crucial in managing dolomite‐treated acid sulfate soil.
Erosion and Deposition Patterns Over a Wind‐Blown Sand Dune Behind a High Vertical‐Type Sand Fence
Authors: Dong Hongguang , Cheng Jianjun , Li Yupeng , Chen Yuanqing , Zhang Ruoyuan , Chen Donghe
Published: October 2024

Sand dunes are the primary factor influencing wind‐sand disasters. To explore the evolution law of wind‐blown sand dunes surrounding high vertical‐type sand fences along desert railways, numerical simulation analyses based on computational fluid dynamics coupled with a discreet element method of the wind‐sand flow field and sand particles trajectories around sand fences were conducted. The focus of this study was the Yandun section of the Lanzhou‐Xinjiang Railway in Xinjiang, China (42.38°N, 93.95°E). By combining ERA5 wind data with field measurements and monitoring, a three‐dimensional coupling model was established. According to the results of L9 (33) orthogonal tests, the sensitivity of the three factors to the evolution of sand dunes can be ordered as wind speed > porosity > height, indicating that wind speed is closely related to sand dune evolution (p < 0.05). The results of single‐factor tests indicate that the structure of wind‐sand flow fields, sand accumulation patterns, and sand particle movement trajectories vary significantly under different wind speeds. The sand accumulation rates on the windward slope of the sand dune are 29.67%, 25.91%, and 20.04%, while on the leeward slope, these rates are 40.33%, 34.09%, and 29.96%, respectively. The obtained information on the evolution law of sand dunes surrounding high vertical‐type sand fences provides a scientific basis for wind‐sand prevention measures along railways in desert regions.
Impacts of counting protocols for light microscopy on estimates of biodiversity and algal density of phytoplankton
Authors: Jacobs Pascalle , Serre‐Fredj Léon , Koeman Reinoud P. T. , van den Oever Anneke , Peck Myron A. , Philippart Catharina J. M.
Published: October 2024

Knowledge on the biodiversity and abundance of phytoplankton is key for many ecological and societal (e.g., blue growth) questions. Gathering temporal variation and spatial patterns on key indicators requires reliable and standardized protocols on sampling, species identification and counting. Numerous methods are used but consequences for comparing the biodiversity and abundance of phytoplankton of these different techniques are not well known. We evaluated the consequences of different counting protocols using light microscopy (i.e., subsampling transects or wedges within counting chambers) for these indices using samples collected weekly to bi‐weekly (n = 398, 2009–2018) from the Wadden Sea (southern North Sea). Phytoplankton cells were counted (by one person under similar conditions) in a fixed number of viewing fields (58, 70, and 29) at three respective magnifications (10 × 100, 10 × 40, and 10 × 10). Patterns in the spatial distribution of phytoplankton cells varied among species and clustering of cells occurred in more than one‐fifth of the samples. This will induce error in the conversion from counts (per viewing field) to abundance (cells mL−1). Our present effort resulted in a high accuracy (95%) in overall cell abundances. This was not the case for species richness, for example, capturing 90% of all species present in the sample would require an almost threefold increase in effort for the 10 × 40 and 10 × 10 magnifications. We recommend that counting methods be tailored to the main research objectives and that counting protocols should quantify uncertainty as well as potential bias to provide an estimation of the error in phytoplankton abundance and species composition.
Putting an artificial intelligence‐generated label on it comes naturally
Authors: Sigurdsson Valdimar , Larsen Nils Magne , Folwarczny Michał , Dubois Magalie , Fagerstrøm Asle
Published: October 2024

Climate change and the advent of artificial intelligence‐generated content are reshaping wine marketing. The interplay between consumer focus on naturalness and sustainable farming practices and the proliferation of artificial intelligence‐generated content represents a particularly salient area of research. However, the extent to which the presence of fictitious artificial intelligence‐generated labels and backgrounds impacts consumers' willingness to buy and pay for wine has yet to be addressed. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on consumer susceptibility to sustainability signaling and artificial intelligence greenwashing, focusing on the impact of backgrounds and labels with different degrees of perceived naturalness. Three experiments demonstrate that wines bearing artificial intelligence‐generated sustainability labels and third‐party accredited sustainability labels reliably exhibit an increased willingness to buy and pay compared to those without sustainability labels. These findings indicate that fictitious, artificial intelligence‐generated, and accredited labels are equally effective in influencing consumer wine choices. Customer susceptibility to food labels and wine knowledge and involvement also significantly predict willingness to buy across studies, validating the Customer Susceptibility to Front‐of‐Package Food Labeling scale. These findings highlight the necessity for future studies to investigate the role of responsible labeling, the susceptibility of customers to such labels, and the potential hazards associated with greenwashing practices involving artificial intelligence‐generated labels.
More than law‐abiding: A multi‐staged consumer study on brand morality
Authors: Wei Yunyi , Ekinci Yuksel , Sit Kokho (Jason)
Published: October 2024

Today's consumers expect brands to act morally to win their hearts and wallets. Yet, existing marketing literature provides little clarity on what this behavior entails and how it differs from acting ethically. This study aims to clarify these concepts and inspire further research. Our consumer‐centric research adopted a multi‐theory and multi‐method approach, coupling Moral Foundations with Morality as Cooperation theories, 12 in‐depth interviews and three surveys with 1229 respondents from two opposite national cultures. We present a Brand Morality scale involving three meaningful dimensions: brand care, brand compliance and brand competency. Brand care is more influential in establishing a moralistic image than the other dimensions. We also learn that while consumers from different national cultures may value the same set of BM dimensions on a cognitive level, they may interpret and react differently on a behavioral‐intent level. Our unique contributions include (i) presenting a 12‐item Brand Morality scale that is theoretically meaningful and practically applicable to brands, (ii) demonstrating the co‐utility of two under‐considered theories, (iii) clarifying the nuanced distinctions of brands acting morally versus ethically, and (iv) shedding light on consumers' perceptual definitions of BM may be consistent between nations, but their behavioral interpretations may vary depending on their local cultures.
The metagenomic landscape of a high‐altitude geothermal spring in Tajikistan reveals a novel Desulfurococcaceae member, Zestomicrobium tamdykulense gen. nov., sp. nov
Authors: Dzhuraeva Munavvara , Bobodzhanova Khursheda , Birkeland Nils‐Kåre
Published: October 2024

Metagenomic analysis was conducted to assess the microbial community in the high‐altitude Tamdykul geothermal spring in Tajikistan. This analysis yielded six high‐quality bins from the members of Thermaceae, Aquificaceae, and Halothiobacillaceae, with a 41.2%, 19.7%, and 18.1% share in the total metagenome, respectively. Minor components included Schleiferia thermophila (1.6%) and members of the archaeal taxa Pyrobaculum (1.2%) and Desulfurococcaceae (0.7%). Further analysis of the metagenome‐assembled genome (MAG) from the Desulfurococcaceae family (MAG002) revealed novel taxonomy with only 80.95% closest placement average nucleotide identity value to its most closely related member of the Desulfurococcaceae family, which is part of the Thermoproteota phylum comprising hyperthermophilic members widespread in geothermal environments. MAG002 consisted of 1.3 Mbp, distributed into 48 contigs with 1504 predicted coding sequences, had an average GC content of 41.3%, a completeness and contamination rate of 98.7% and 2.6%, respectively, and branched phylogenetically between the Ignisphaera and Zestosphaera lineages. Digital DNA‐DNA hybridization values compared with Ignisphaera aggregans and Zestosphaera tikiterensis were 33.7% and 19.4%, respectively, suggesting that this MAG represented a novel species and genus. Its 16S rRNA gene contained a large 421 bp intron. It encodes a complete gluconeogenesis pathway involving a bifunctional fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate phosphatase/aldolase; however, the glycolysis pathway is incomplete. The ribulose monophosphate pathway enzymes could be used for pentose synthesis. MAG002 encodes several hydrogen‐evolving hydrogenases, with possible roles as hydrogen sinks during fermentation. We propose the name Zestomicrobium tamdykulense gen. nov. sp. nov. for this organism; it is the first thermophilic genome reported from Tajikistan.
Characterizing Genetic Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer in Taiwan Through Genome‐Wide Association Study
Authors: Bau Da‐Tian , Liu Ting‐Yuan , Yang Jai‐Sing , Chen William Tzu‐Liang , Tsai Chia‐Wen , Chang Wen‐Shin , Ke Tao‐Wei , Liao Chi‐Chou , Chen Yu‐Chia , Chang Yen‐Ting , Tsai Fuu‐Jen
Published: October 2024

We conducted the first genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Taiwan with 5342 cases and 61,015 controls. Ninety‐two SNPs in three genomic regions reached genome‐wide significance (p < 5 × 10−8). The lead SNPs in these three regions were: rs12778523 (OR = 1.18, 95% CI, 1.15–1.23, p = 4.51 × 10−13), an intergenic SNP between RNA5SP299 and LINC02676 at chromosome 10p14; rs647161 (OR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.09–1.19, p = 2.21 × 10−9), an intronic SNP in PITX1 at 5q31.1, and rs10427139 (OR = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.14–1.28, p = 3.62 × 10−9), an intronic SNP in GPATCH1 at 19q13.1. We further validated CRC susceptibility SNPs previously identified through GWAS in other populations. A total of 61 CRC susceptibility SNPs were confirmed in Taiwanese. The top validated putative CRC susceptibility genes included: POU2AF2, HAO1, LAMC1, EIF3H, BMP2, ZMIZ1, BMP4, POLD3, CDKN1A, PREX1, CDKN2B, CDH1, and LRIG1. The top enriched pathways included TGF‐β signaling, BMP signaling, extracellular matrix organization, DNA repair, and cell cycle control. We could not validate SNPs in HLA‐G at 6p22.1 and in NOTCH4 at 6p21.32. We generated a weighted genetic risk score (GRS) using the 61 SNPs and constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves using the GRS to predict CRC. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.589 for GRS alone and 0.645 for GRS, sex, and age. These susceptibility SNPs and genes provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of CRC development and help identify high‐risk individuals for CRC in Taiwan.
Grant goal focuses on veteran suicide prevention, awareness
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: October 2024

A grant initiative launched last year to address military veteran suicide prevention efforts has revealed measurable impact in building a sense of community and purpose to growing a coalition of more than 175 organizations with more than $12 million to date provided in philanthropic grantmaking, according to program officials.
Determination of two unknown functions of different variables in a time‐fractional differential equation
Authors: Kirane Mokhtar , Lopushansky Andriy , Lopushanska Halyna
Published: October 2024

We study the inverse problem for a differential equation of
‐order with the Caputo fractional derivative over time and Schwartz‐type distribution in its right‐hand side. The generalized solution of the Cauchy problem for such an equation, space‐dependent part of a source, and a time‐dependent reaction coefficient in the equation are unknown. We find sufficient conditions for unique local in time solvability of the inverse problem under time‐ and space‐integral overdetermination conditions.
The STarT Back Screening Tool: The Nepali Translation, Cross‐Cultural Adaptation and Measurement Properties in Adults With Non‐Specific Low Back Pain
Authors: Maharjan Riju , Bovonsunthonchai Sunee , Vachalathiti Roongtiwa , Basnet Ritu , Pathak Anupa , Hill Jonathan , Sharma Saurab
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Objective

The STarT Back Screening Tool (SBST) stratifies low back pain (LBP) patients based on their risk of chronicity to guide treatment accordingly. The absence of its validated Nepali version limits stratified LBP care in Nepal. The study aimed to translate and cross‐culturally adapt the SBST into Nepali and evaluate its measurement properties in adults with LBP.

Methods

The measurement properties of the Nepali SBST were evaluated in 102 Nepali adults with non‐specific LBP. We assessed content validity, internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, construct and discriminant validity. Item redundancy was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha (α > 0.90), test‐retest reliability using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,1) and Cohen's kappa using established cutoffs score for categorising patients into risk groups, construct validity using hypothesis testing (if a minimum of 75% of the hypotheses were supported), and discriminant validity using Area Under the Curve (AUC) with the reference scales administered at baseline.

Results

Cronbach's alpha scores were 0.72 for the overall scale and 0.66 for the psychosocial subscale. Test‐retest reliability values were good to excellent with ICC2,1 of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.87–0.97) for the overall scale and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.73–0.94) for the psychosocial subscale and Kappa values of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.43–0.93) for the overall scale and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.52–1.00) for psychosocial subscale. Construct validity was confirmed as 100% of a priori hypotheses were met. Acceptable discriminative validity was observed with reference scales with AUCs (0.75–0.80).

Conclusions

Nepali SBST demonstrates the reliability and validity of screening for chronicity risk in Nepali adults with LBP. Future studies should evaluate its responsiveness, predictive abilities, and effectiveness in stratifying LBP patients in the Nepalese context.
Somatosensory temporal discrimination analysis reveals impaired processing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Boran H. Evren , Kılınç Hasan , Kurtkaya Koçak Özlem , Yanık Ece , Kuruoğlu Hidayet Reha , Cengiz Bülent
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Aims

While amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is primarily characterized as a motor system disorder, there is a growing body of evidence indicating sensory involvement. This study aimed to examine the hypothesis that somatosensory processing is impaired in ALS.

Methods

Study participants were ALS patients followed at the Neuromuscular Outpatient Unit, as well as healthy volunteers, from March 2021 to July 2023. The Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score was calculated for nine muscle groups bilaterally. The clinical status of patients was evaluated with the ALS Functional Rating Scale‐Revised (ALSFRS‐R) and the Penn Upper Motor Neuron core. Somatosensory temporal discrimination thresholds (STDTs) were recorded on the medial and lateral parts of both hands. Somatosensory cortex excitability was investigated with the paired somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) paradigm in a subgroup.

Results

Increased STD values were detected in ALS patients compared to controls in both medial (107.66 ± 35 ms vs. 82.7 ± 32.5 ms, p = .001) and lateral (106.5 ± 34.5 ms vs. 82.9 ± 31.3 ms, p = .002) hands. There were no significant differences in STDTs among ALS patients across four regions (medial and lateral parts of the right and left hands). Amplitude ratios obtained from the paired‐pulse SEP paradigm were approximately 1 for all interstimulus intervals (ISIs). STDTs did not show any correlations with motor findings or scales.

Discussion

Somatosensory processing appears to be compromised among ALS patients. The lack of correlation between impaired STDT and motor findings implies that it is a purely sensory deficit in ALS.
Nurses' perceptions of medical service robots in negative‐pressure isolated wards and in general wards: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Lee Jung Hwan , Han In Ho , Park Jong Hwan , Kim Kye‐Hyung , Hwang Jaehyun , Kim Dong Hwan , Lee Jae Il , Nam Kyoung Hyup
Published: October 2024

Aim

To evaluate nurses' workload during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and to identify their perception of medical serviced robots (MSRs) that may help with or replace the tasks of nurses in negative‐pressure isolated wards and general wards.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Methods

A researcher‐made questionnaire was applied that assessed nurses' current workload and their attitudes towards and perceptions of MSRs. A visual analogue scale (VAS) from 1 to 10 was used to assess workload. Perceptions evaluated on a 5‐point Likert scale ranging from one point for ‘strongly disagree’ to five points for ‘strongly agree’. A higher VAS score indicated a higher workload. On the other hands, a higher Likert score indicated a more positive perception and three points was neutral. The questionnaire was conducted on 150 nurses in negative‐pressure isolated wards for the management of COVID‐19 and 150 nurses in general wards. Quota sampling technique was used as sampling technique. Data analysis was performed through independent t‐tests, chi‐square tests and two‐tailed tests. The p‐value <0.05 was interpreted to statistically significant.

Results

Two hundred eighty‐two participants responded and 142 belonged to the negative‐pressure isolated ward. The overall response rate was 94%, and 94.7% in the negative isolated ward. The mean score ± standard deviation for nursing‐related psychological stress at the current work site was 7.18 ± 1.58 points, and the mean score for physical workload was 7.65 ± 1.48. The need for MSRs was rated as 3.66 ± 0.86 out of 5. Overall, a positive attitude towards MSRs was confirmed, with no difference between ward groups. The overall ratings were 3.14 ± 1.15 for perceived availability and 3.26 ± 1.13 for perceived efficiency. Both nurse groups perceived that MSRs were most available and efficient for monitoring and measurements. Nurses in negative‐pressure isolated wards perceived MSRs more positively than did nurses in general wards regarding setting of alarms (p = 0.003) and delivery of medical devices/materials (p = 0.013). Based on these results, functional development of MSRs associated with monitoring, measurements, setting of alarms and delivery should be prioritized. No patient or public contribution.
High‐performance composite paper based on heterogeneous polyimide fibers with enhanced mechanical and dielectric properties
Authors: Qin Xiuzhi , Li Xiuting , Dong Jie , Xu Qingsong , Zhao Xin , Zhang Qinghua
Published: October 2024

With the advancement and modernization of industrial technology, the demands placed on the comprehensive properties of high‐performance insulating paper by various industries have become increasingly stringent. Polyimide (PI) fiber‐based paper with exceptional heat resistance and electrical insulation capabilities can fulfill the requirements of high‐temperature‐resistant insulating materials in advanced industrial technology. However, the challenges in pulping and dispersing PI fibers have constrained the production of all PI‐based papers. In this study, feathered polyamide acid (PAA) fibrids with yarn‐splitting morphologies were firstly prepared through precipitation strategy under “high‐speed rotation‐shear” process, which were then wet‐formed with PI chopped fibers through papermaking process following with chemical imidization and hot‐pressing posttreatment. With the optimized components of PAA papers and imidization process, the mechanical properties of PI‐based paper could improve to 14 MPa, with a breakdown strength of 40 kV/mm. Furthermore, the obtained all‐PI composite paper demonstrated excellent resistance to aging with dielectric properties remaining relatively stable after a specified aging period, exhibits outstanding overall performance and broad application prospects in the field of electrical insulation.

Highlights

Feathered polyamide fibrids were prepared via high‐speed shear precipitation.

The components and imidization process of composite papers were optimized.

The paper showed tensile strength of 14 MPa and breakdown strength of 40 kV/mm.

The paper demonstrated excellent resistance to oil aging with good properties.
Painting the diversity of a world's favorite fruit: A next generation catalog of cultivated bananas
Authors: Sardos Julie , Cenci Alberto , Martin Guillaume , Breton Catherine , Guignon Valentin , Van den Houwe Ines , Mendez Yaleidis , Sachter‐Smith Gabriel L. , Chase Rachel , Ruas Max , Rivallan Ronan , Paofa Janet , Wigmore William , Hunter David Tilafono , D'Hont Angélique , Yahiaoui Nabila , Jenny Christophe , Perrier Xavier , Roux Nicolas , Rouard Mathieu
Published: October 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Bananas are nutritious fruits of major importance worldwide. Characterizing their diversity is essential to ensure their conservation and use. A catalog showcasing cultivated bananas genomic diversity was compiled and is to be used as a tool to support the classification of banana cultivars. This research revealed that cultivated banana groups are not all made of identical clones. Materials from recent collecting missions indicated that more banana diversity is expected to be found as the exploration of the banana gene pool continues. These discoveries will drive dynamic conservation strategies for banana genetic resources and should increase their use.

Banana is an important food crop cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Because banana cultivars often have low fertility, they are typically propagated clonally, which maintains desirable traits across generations. However, different factors, such as synonymy, incomplete passport data, and environmental effects, complicate the morphological‐based assignment of banana cultivars to specific clones or cultivar groups.

In this study, we applied a previously developed genomic‐based tool for fine‐scale characterization of banana ancestry, known as in silico chromosome painting, to high‐throughput genotyping data from 317 banana accessions. This dataset covers most of the globally conserved, studied, and cultivated cultivar groups and includes both genebanks and new, uncharacterized materials.

By comparing curated morphological assignation to the genomic patterns resulting from in silico chromosome painting, we compiled a diversity catalog referencing curated passport data, pictures, and chromosome painting patterns of the cultivar groups.

Examining the genomic patterns obtained, intra‐cultivar group variability was discovered. In some cultivar groups, mitotic recombination or deletions accumulated clonally. In addition, at least four cultivar groups encompassed cultivars from distinct sexual events co‐existing, notably Pisang Awak with five distinct patterns across two ploidy levels. Finally, additional patterns were discovered in the newest materials of the set, showing that a wider diversity of clones still exists on farm.