bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Written words of Bosniak religious inteligentsia in Austro-Hungarian period and its enlightening role
Authors:   Ministry of Civil Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Veladžić Edin
Published: March 2021

The paper provides a brief overview of the significance and role of religious intelligence of Bosniaks in the field of affirmation of written texts in the Austro-Hungarian period. An overview of this kind of activity of Bosniak religious intelligence in the Austro-Hungarian period offers us a clearer picture of one important dimension in the process of development of the Bosniak people and challenges of adaptation to the new circumstances in a very turbulent transition period. The "heralds" of the new era, when speaking of the written words of Bosniaks at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, played a significant enlightening role that the previous historical science did not emphasize sufficiently.
Literarcy of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s population in the period of People’s liberation war (1941-1945)
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla, Hadžimusić Semir
Published: March 2021

The author of the paper presents the state of literacy of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina until the Second World War, and in particular explains the activities that are conducted with regard to the literacy of the population in the period of the National Liberation War (NOR). Certainly, a special review was given to the presentation of the literacy process of the population, which is an outgrowth for regular primary school education, and on the activities that took place on the occasion of the NOR on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, the literacy of children through attending elementary school, as well as literacy in Bosnia and Herzegovina under the fascist occupation and administration of the Independent State of Croatia (NDH), were partly given in order to review the framework state. Bosnia and Herzegovina had a very high percentage of the illiterate population before the Second World War. How fascist occupation, warfare, human and material losses have compounded this picture, and whether during the war, in the liberated areas, adequate methods of working for the literacy of the population were found, the author explains on the pages of this paper.
Incomplete past in the whirlwind of balkanization: Reflections of „Eastern issue“ in the historical perspective
Authors:   Institute of History, University of Sarajevo, Bandžović Safet
Published: March 2021

The past and present are inseparable, "holding hands". Breakthrough epochs always influence re-thinking of the perpetrator. Everything that happened has more perspective. The dramatic flows of the 19th and 20th centuries in the Balkans, even in Bosnia and Herzegovina, can not be universally perceived as separate from the wider European / global context, geopolitical order, influence and consequences of extreme interest logic, deosmanization and balkanization models. Long-term processes outperform different time periods and spatial boundaries. In them appearances, mental circles and ideologies are slowly changing. This also applies to the content of the relief sections of the "Eastern Question" and its sleeves, whose controversial paradigms, along with policy and instrumentalized science, transcend the boundaries of the centuries and continents. The view that Muslims are "aliens" in Europe is part of a mentality known and under his mask. What is known to the foreign public, especially in the "Western world", is known about the "Ottoman Balkans" and Muslims, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks, which presents serious doctrine, but also what produces quasi-narratives and tendentious publications has never been insignificant. Each historiography is a product of one's own time, whose interests often determine not only questions that, especially influential scientists, set a complex past, but also answers, resisting its different perceptions. Prejudices and negative stereotypes, whose powerful social crisis generators and wars, immune to counter-arguments arising from opposing experiences and knowledge, articulate and uncritically articulate into historiographical interpretations. The truth to which it strives is a "whole" is not in one place and in the historiography of one nation, it requires a multiperspectival narrative.
Ethnic cleansing of Bosniak population 1992-1995. (methods, directions, statistical indicators)
Authors:   Institute of History, University of Sarajevo, Milišić Senija
Published: March 2021

Aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina marked the last decade of the 20th century. Aggression was carried out by Serbia and Montenegro in order to realize the project of creating a "Greater Serbia". Since the preparation of the aggression was in progress, the agreement was reached between the Serbian and Croatian leaders on the division of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the goal, as they said, the definitive solution of the Serbo-Croatian issue, and in the essence of rounding up "their big states" to the account of Bosnia and Herzegovina it is to aggression both from the east and from the west. Aggression was also supported by traitors from Bosnia as well. Aggression resulted in the occupation of a large part of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the goal was fully realized, the Bosniak population was eliminated. A part of the population was killed, a part was imprisoned in the camps, and a part expelled. The expulsion meant saving only the bare life and leaving the entire property to the aggressor. All the property was looted, and after that, the aggressor tried to destroy everything that could testify that the Bosniaks lived there (from cemeteries to religious buildings). So it was about ethnic cleansing carried out by doing all kinds of crimes, including genocide. In the expulsion operation or to use the euphemism of displacement (that is, the "human migration of the population", as the aggressor called it), the International community was implicated through some of its organizations (Red Cross, UNHCR, etc.). The expelled population in the first phase ended in territory controlled by the forces of the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH), and after that part was moved to the so-called " third country”. In very rare cases, the prisoners detained in the camps, if they declared that they would go to third countries immediately, were moved from the camp in accelerated procedure. The idea was that the Bosniak population had to leave Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this way, more than 70% of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was "cleared" from Bosniaks. In this paper, we will focus on ethnic cleansing (displacement), methods and directions of displacement, and on statistical indicators of the number of displaced persons.
Border disputes between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia
Authors:   University of Tuzla, Omerbegović Sead , Šarić Izudin ,   Ministry of Internal Affairs of Tuzla Canton
Published: March 2021

Bosnia and Herzegovina has been fighting for centuries through centuries in order to remain a unique, complete, independent and sovereign state. Throughout its many years of history, the various rulers who shared, appropriated, gave and took parts of its territory without any consequences were replaced in its territory. Following the independence referendum held on February 29 and March 1, 1992, the international recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina followed on 6 April 1992 by the European Community (EC) in its existing borders. On June 30, 1999, Bosnia and Herzegovina signed the Border Agreement with the Republic of Croatia, but it has never been ratified by the Croatian Parliament or by the Bosnia and Herzegovina Parliament. When it comes to the territorial demarcation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the neighboring countries, the opinion of the Badinter Arbitration Commission of the Conference on Yugoslavia, which defined the boundaries of delimitation based on some rules of international law, is important. In this regard, it is necessary to point out the legal significance of Opinion no. 3. Arbitration commissions which read: "The borders between former federal units are considered to be the borders of the successor states, and can not be changed by force, but only by agreement". The principle of "uti possidetis" can serve as a basis for defining the land borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina with neighboring countries. The gaining of Bosnia and Herzegovina's independence and its international recognition has sparked an interest in the issue of identification, that is, determining its land borders with neighboring countries, as well as the sea delineation with the Republic of Croatia. The international recognition of new states implies clearly and undoubtedly the limits of its sovereignty.
Review: Senaid Hadžić, PRIMJERI SUŽIVLJENJA: BILJEŠKE O TUZLANSKOM KRAJU U 19. STOLJEĆU, Tuzla 2017, 467 str.
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla, Selimović Sead
Published: March 2021

Review: Senaid Hadžić, PRIMJERI SUŽIVLJENJA: BILJEŠKE O TUZLANSKOM KRAJU U 19. STOLJEĆU, Tuzla 2017, 467 str.
Review: Fikret Karčić, PRAVNO-HISTORIJSKE STUDIJE, Sarajevo 2016, 192 str.
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Sarajevo, Bandžović Sead
Published: March 2021

Review: Fikret Karčić, PRAVNO-HISTORIJSKE STUDIJE, Sarajevo 2016, 192 str.
Activities of Center for Research of Modern and Contemporary History Tuzla in 2018.
Authors:   Center for Research of Modern and Contemporary History Tuzla, Jajčević Jasmin
Published: March 2021

Aktivnosti Centra za istraživanje moderne i savremene historije tuzla u 2018. godini // Activities of Center for Research of Modern and Contemporary History Tuzla in 2018.
Haji Husein eff. Đozić Ruhi judge from Srebrenica and Nikšić viceroy
Authors:   Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tuzla, Đouić Adib
Published: March 2021

There are many forgotten significant persons in Bosnian-Bosniak history, who through their knowledge and work made a significant contribution to the development of Bosnian society and the Bosniak national identity in the time and place they lived in. The most forgotten significant Bosniaks are those who lived and worked during the reign of the Ottoman state of Bosnia. One of such persons is Hadji Husein eff. Đozić Ruhi, kadi (judge) from Srebrenica and Nikšić naib (viceroy). He lived in Srebrenica in the 19th century. Educated in Istanbul, he worked for as a judge in three towns and two empires. In this paper, we are talking about Haji Husein eff. Đozić, his life and work, and the significance of the documents preserved, to understand Bosnian society and the position of Bosnians in the second half of the 19th century in Srebrenica and Nikšić.
The importance and challenges of the implementation of IPSAS accrual basis to the public sector: The case of Kosovo
Authors: Ismaili Ahmet , Ismajli Hysen , Vokshi Nexhmie Berisha
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to determine the importance and challenges of the reform and transition towards the International Public Sector Accounting Standards’ (IPSASs’) accrual accounting and its implementation in the public sector in Kosovo. A survey obtained primary data from a considerable representative sample of officials from budget organizations and institutions and members of publicly owned enterprises (POEs) and professional societies. The study analyzed the collected data using descriptive statistics, correlation and the Chi-Square and Kruskal–Wallis H tests. The reform contributes significantly to a better decision-making process and the use of public funds. It reflects the true long-term implications of policy decisions and therefore helps governments demonstrate accountability in the use of public funds. Despite the identified challenges, the study justifies the suggested reform in Kosovo. The findings emphasize its importance for improving accountability, transparency and financial management and building public confidence in information and the country’s macro-fiscal sustainability position.
The role of budget decision making in mediating trust, social ties, cultural context and local government performance
Authors: Indudewi Dian , Rahmawati Rahmawati , Probohudono Agung Nur , Muthmainah Muthmainah
Published: March 2021

Indonesian Corruption Watch (ICW) research reveals that corruption in Indonesia is mostly carried out by civil servants. An audit report from the Indonesian Supreme Audit Institution also finds local government internal control systems' weaknesses, especially controlling budget execution. This phenomenon is inseparable from the budget actors' decision-making process when preparing a budget. Budget decision making is a crucial process. Budget actors use their preference to choose among priorities and put the programs and activities which they have chosen into the budget. Social exchange such as trust and social ties can restrain budget actor distortion when making a budget decision and improve local government performance. Cultural context, in this research, refers to high context, affects individual behavior, and may influence the budget decision-making process. The result shows that decision making mediates trust and context culture to local government performance. Trust also proven can improve local government performance. Social ties, on the other side, do not have an influence both on decision making and local government performance. When trust has been intertwined among members, social ties no longer have a role in social exchange. Trust is the strongest form of social relation. Trust in this research is also formed because of the figure. A figure holds an important role in high context culture. This research pointed out that decision making by considering social values can make the decision-making process better and even improve local government performance.
Nonlinearity between financial development and the shadow economy: Evidence from Jordan
Authors: Abu-Lila Ziad M. , Ajlouni Sameh , Ghazo Abdallah
Published: March 2021

The present study empirically investigates the long-run nonlinear relationship between the shadow economy and financial development targeting developing small open countries, such as Jordan. The study applied the cointegration test as an estimation technique in order to achieve its aim. The data used were mainly taken from Jordanian economy during the period (1990-2019). According to the test of Johanson cointegration, the empirical results of this study showed evidence of a long run inverted U-shaped relationship between the shadow economy and financial development. The results also showed that there is a long run positive relationship between inflation and the shadow economy. Consequently, these results lead to a profound implication when adopting policies to reduce the size of the shadow economy.
Can investors benefit from corporate social responsibility and portfolio model during the Covid19 pandemic?
Authors: Tan Ternence T. J. , Kalyebara Baliira
Published: March 2021

Since late 2019 and throughout 2020, the global economy has been experiencing difficult times due to the outbreak of the lethal Coronavirus (COVID-19). This study looks at the financial impact of this epidemic on the global economy using Malaysian market index i.e., FTSE Bursa Malaysia KLCI before and during COVID-19. Measuring the financial impact of this epidemic on the Malaysia economy may help policy makers to develop measures to avert similar financial catastrophic impacts on the global economy. The study uses Sharpe optimal and naïve diversification model to solve a scenario that factors in the level of corporate social responsibility (CSR) exhibited before and during the epidemic to measure the financial impact on the stock portfolio. The results show that the emergence of COVID-19exacerbated the already weak Malaysian economy. Our findings may help the policy makers in Malaysia to develop and maintain techniques and policies that may mitigate the negative financial impact and handle similar epidemics in the future. Future studies could cover the financial impact of CSR using variable scoring and apply the portfolio model with practical and prevailing constraints.
Firms and governance factors affecting the adoption of web-based corporate reporting: Evidence from the USA
Authors: Shehadeh Esam , Alitani Shahad
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the potential determinants associated with a firm’s decision to use a corporate website. The probability of web-based corporate reporting adoption was measured by using a dichotomous variable, where one is given if the firm has a website and zero otherwise. Based on a sample of 1217 US listed firms, it was found that 950 firms have a website and 267 do not. Those firms with a website are larger, more profitable and have a larger board size with more female directors when compared with firms without websites. In addition, the results of the regression analysis revealed that firm size, profitability, leverage, board size and the percentage of female directors in the boardroom have a significant positive impact on the probability of a firm having a website. However, firm age has a significant negative impact on the probability of web-based corporate reporting adoption. A weakness in the previous literature has been the neglect of firms without an online presence, which implies a potential selection bias. Consequently, this research contributes to the international accounting literature by expanding our understanding in relation to the probability of firms adopting web-based corporate reporting and the economic consequences of them doing so through reducing asymmetric information, which acts as an incentive to encourage investment.
The impacts of earnings volatility, net income and comprehensive income on share Price: Evidence from Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Susanto Hadi , Prasetyo Indra , Indrawati Trisa , Aliyyah Nabilah , Rusdiyanto Rusdiyanto , Tjaraka Heru , Kalbuana Nawang , Rochman Arif Syafi'ur , Gazali Gazali , Zainurrafiqi Zainurrafiqi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to estimate and predict the effect of stock prices on profit volatility, net profit, and comprehensive income on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2019. The study uses quantitative analysis with secondary data consisting of 98 banking companies on the Indonesia stock exchange from 2014 to 2019. The results prove that the share price has a significant effect on net income and comprehensive income but does not have a significant effect on profit volatility, so that net and comprehensive income has relevance to the share price and investors can make both variables in conducting further fundamental research. Previous studies measured the level of volatility of earnings, net income, and comprehensive income on the share price, but when trialing other approaches by causality, share prices affect net income and comprehensive income but not for profit volatility. In this study, however, the change includes detailed income variables due to Financial Accounting Standard No. 1, a shift in terms from profit and loss statements to systematic profit and loss statements.
The controlling power of royal family members on the board of directors and audit committee effectiveness
Authors: Aljaaidi Khaled Salmen , Alothman Abdulaziz , Sharma Raj Bahadur , Bagais Omar Ali
Published: March 2021

This paper examines the association of the presence of royal family members on the board of directors with audit committee effectiveness. The sample of this study consists of 444 listed manufactured firms in Saudi Arabia for the period 2012-2019. Using the Pooled OLS regression, the result of the study shows that royal family ownership is associated with audit committee effectiveness, giving support to the substitution hypothesis. The result indicates that members from the royal families are good monitors imposed into the companies' managements as both taking the role of decision makers and owners who may substitute the effectiveness of the audit committee. The presence of royal family members on the board has an alternative for the effectiveness of the audit committee. The marginal effect of audit committee effectiveness as an internal corporate governance mechanism is substituted by the presence of royal family members on the board. This study provides insightful evidence to regulators and policy makers at the company and country levels on the relationship of royal family ownership and audit committee effectiveness.
Alternative food distribution networks, resilience, and urban food security in Turkey amid the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Atalan-Helicke Nurcan , Abiral Bürge
Published: March 2021

This article explores the potential of alternative food networks (AFNs) for food security and resili­ence as COVID-19 has raised challenges to the global food supply chain. Pandemic-induced dis­ruptions to conventional food production, distri­bution, and consumption networks have revealed problems with the global food system and have drawn attention to the re-localization and regional­ization of food systems. Lockdown and mobility restrictions have also disrupted the availability, quality, and stability of food. We evaluate how AFNs have responded to these challenges in a non-western context through a case-study ap­proach informed by participant observation and semistructured interviews. After examining the multiple factors that have been critical to the emergence and expansion of AFNs in Turkey since the mid-2000s, we argue that these food distribu­tion networks have aimed to address food security, environmental sustainability, and farmer liveli­hoods in complementary ways. We provide a time­line of state-led measures in response to COVID-19 in Turkey as we consider their impacts on food distribution systems and access in urban areas. We then compare two AFNs: a food community work­ing within a participatory guarantee system, and a consumer cooperative that connects producers and consumers in urban areas. Although the two AFNs faced initial challenges due to disruptions in deliv­ery services and lockdowns, they have been able to continue their services and address increasing de­mand. They also provided special solidarity pack­ages for those adversely affected by the economic impacts of COVID-19. By building on the existing networks and relationships of trust between con­sumers and producers, and the capacity and will­ingness of producers to adapt to the new regulatory environment, the two AFNs have been able to continue their activities and start new initiatives.
“I've Known Rivers”: Langston Hughes, Jacques Roumain, and the Emergence of Caribbean Modernism
Authors: Patterson Anita
Published: March 2021

Centering the analysis on three poems by Jacques Roumain—including two published in Haiti-Journal in 1931, the same year Roumain first met Langston Hughes, “Quand bat le tam-tam,” which Hughes himself would eventually translate, and “Langston Hughes”—this article traces the chronology of encounters between Hughes and Roumain, calling attention to their shared affinities with poets such as Walt Whitman and Jules Laforgue, in order to explore the dynamics of influence between Hughes and Roumain, and to deepen our understanding of Hughes's contribution to the emergence of Caribbean modernism. Drawing on groundbreaking scholarship by Brent Hayes Edwards, Carolyn Fowler, Arnold Rampersad, J. Michael Dash, Michel Fabre, Madhuri Deshmukh, Henry Louis Gates, Homi Bhabha, Seth Moglen, and others, the author argues against a conceptualization of influence as mimicry, opening possibilities for research on Hughes's placement within the global cross-currents of high modernist and avant-garde influence in the New World.
Mecanismos moleculares do envelhecimento: revisão da literatura
Authors: D'Avila Joana Da Costa , Ramos Antonio Carlos Barbosa , Dourado Diane Ruth Dos Santos , Siqueira Rodrigo De Azeredo , Carlos Aluana Santana , Moreno Adalgiza Mafra
Published: March 2021

O envelhecimento é caracterizado por um declínio progressivo na eficiência dos processos fisiológicos e na capacidade regenerativa com exaustão das reservas naturais, o que torna o organismo mais suscetível ao estresse e a doenças. As principais características do envelhecimento são a redução global na capacidade de lidar com agentes estressores e um aumento concomitante do status pró-inflamatório sistêmico. Como consequência, há dano tecidual que pode ser transitório ou permanente, com diferentes consequências dependendo da extensão e localização da injúria. O estresse oxidativo é um mecanismo molecular central em diferentes processos de envelhecimento. Em altas concentrações, os radicais livres de oxigênio e outras espécies reativas danificam componentes celulares, como ácidos nucléicos, proteínas, lipídios e carboidratos, membranas celulares e organelas. O envelhecimento é o principal fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônico-degenerativas. Portanto, uma maior da compreensão das vias e mecanismos de estresse oxidativo contribuirá para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas, visando aumentar a qualidade de vida e o tratamento de patologias associadas envelhecimento.
Principais causas de mortalidade de idosos no Estado do Pará, Brasil
Authors: Araújo Matheus Sodré de , Oliveira Ana Karoline Brito de , Nascimento Israel Júnior Borges do , Cunha Katiane Da Costa
Published: March 2021

Esse estudo objetivou analisar as principais causas de mortalidade de idosos no estado do Pará, no período de janeiro de 2008 a agosto de 2019. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, com dados de idosos com mais de 60 anos disponíveis no Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Sáude (SIH/SUS). Para análise de dados foi utilizado o programa BioEstat® 5.3. Verificou-se que no Brasil, 64,4% dos óbitos são de idosos. Na região norte, o estado do Pará apresenta o maior número de óbitos de idosos (57.083). No estado do Pará, as doenças do aparelho circulatório (15.837) são a principal causa de mortalidade de idosos, seguida das doenças do aparelho respiratório (12.683). Na análise por sexo; destacam-se como as principais causas de óbito as doenças endócrinas, nutricionais e metabólicas no feminino (4,5%) e as doenças do aparelho digestivo no masculino (8,3%). Além disso, a faixa etária maior ou igual a 80 anos (35,3%) tem a maior frequência de óbitos no sexo feminino e a de 70 a 79 anos (36,5%) no sexo masculino. Em relação ao tempo total de permanência no Hospital, o sexo masculino possui maior número de dias (2.310.566) do que o feminino. Conclui-se que as doenças do aparelho circulatório e respiratório são as principais causa de mortalidade de idosos no estado do Pará, conforme observado em outras regiões do país.
Editorial
Authors: Bertol Charise Dallazem , Ribeiro Dáfne Dos Santos , Rahhal Karine Demartini
Published: March 2021

Editorial
Hacia la justiciabilidad plena de los DESCA en el Sistema Interamericano. El caso Lhaka Honhat vs. Argentina, sus principales avances y desafíos
Authors: Illescas Álvarez Gabriel
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo busca analizar el avance en materia de exigibilidad de derechos económicos sociales, culturales y ambientales que ha realizado la Corte Interamericana a través del abordaje del último fallo en la temática. Para ello se observa el desarrollo de cada uno de los derechos abordados, su relación interdependiente y su enfoque desde la protección de los pueblos originarios. A su vez se analizarán los principales aportes con respecto a la jurisprudencia existente y los desafíos que derivan de la implementación de la sentencia dada la compleja interacción entre distintos grupos en situación de vulnerabilidad.
Outcomes of Revision Total Wrist Arthroplasty
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , Srnec Jason J. , Fort Michael W. , Barras Laurel A. , Rizzo Marco
Published: March 2021

In this study, we analyzed the outcomes of revision total wrist arthroplasty done over a 40-year period. During this period, 76 consecutive revision total wrist arthroplasties were done in 69 patients with a mean age of 56 and a follow-up of 10.3 years. Patients commonly experienced pain relief, with 58 (91%) experiencing no or mild pain postoperatively. There was no statistically significant change in flexion or extension, but a statistically significant decrease in ulnar deviation and a corresponding increase in radial deviation. However, a high rate of complications and repeat revision surgery were observed. The primary indications for a repeat revision surgery were distal loosening (n = 11), proximal loosening (n = 1), deformity and pain (n = 8), periprosthetic infection (n = 3), dislocation (n = 2), subluxation (n = 1), intraoperative fracture (n = 1), and suspected metal allergy (n = 1). Complications were distal loosening (n = 15), proximal loosening (n = 3), dislocation (n = 7), intraoperative fracture (n = 7), postoperative fracture (n = 2), and component fracture (n = 3). When advising the patient, clear information must be given about the high rate of complications connected with revision arthroplasty and the risk of further revision, eventually leading to total wrist fusion.

Level of Evidence:

IV
The rates of major malformations after gestational exposure to isotretinoin: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Choi Eun Jeong , Kim NaeRy , Kwak Ho-Seok , Han Hae Ji , Chun Kyoung-Chul , Kim Young-Ah , Koh Jae-Whoan , Han Jung Yeol , Joo Sung Hong , Lee Ji Sung , Koren Gideon
Published: March 2021

Objective Isotretinoin is among the most notorious human teratogens, documented originally as causing up to 30% of malformations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the rates of major malformation (MM) among isotretinoin-exposed pregnant women over the years through a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods Eligible studies were searched and identified using various databases. Single-arm meta-analysis and meta-analysis of odd ratios among controlled studies were performed using Review Manager version 5.3.Results Ten eligible studies that combined 2,783 isotretinoin-exposed women were included in our study. The rate of MM weighted for the sample size was 15%. Three studies that included an unexposed comparison group were eligible for the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio of MM for isotretinoin-exposed women was 3.76. After 2006, the pooled odds ratio of MM for isotretinoin exposure was significantly lower at 1.04.Conclusion The current rate of MM in isotretinoin-exposed women was substantially lower after 2006.
Dynamic Analysis of Criminal Behavior: An Application of Empirical Mode Decomposition
Authors: Freitas Lucena Raphael Douglas de , Ribeiro Costa Rodolfo Ferreira , Castelar Ivan , Lima Francisco Soares de
Published: March 2021

Our objective is to measure the permanent and transitory components of criminality in Brazilian states by using the methodology proposed by At and Chappe (2005). The empirical strategy used follows the Empirical Mode Decomposition method (EMD), proposed by Huang et al. (1998). Based on a sample collected using the Mortality Information System (SIM) from DATASUS, the decomposition process was carried out for the 27 Brazilian states from 1996 to 2015. The results of the decomposition for criminality show that the choice for crime occurs, for the largest part, due to permanent elements, which is a predictor of future crimes over time. The decomposition of criminality into these two types of components establishes some evidence regarding criminal behavior that can serve as reference for policy makers, since the implications of the results found raise questions about the policies to confront and reduce crime.
Rola przestrzeni publicznych szpitala
w procesie tworzenia środowiska terapeutycznego z perspektywy pacjenta
Authors: Szewczenko Anna
Published: March 2021

Celem artykułu jest określenie najistotniejszych uwarunkowań, które wpływają na jakość przestrzeni publicznych
w obiektach szpitalnych. Przedstawione wnioski są efektem systematycznego przeglądu literatury oraz wielokrotnego studium przypadku. Umożliwiają one określenie elementów, które pozwalają stworzyć w szpitalu środowisko terapeutyczne wspierające pacjentów
w procesie leczenia.
Międzynarodowe warsztaty studenckie
w procesie edukacji architektonicznej
Authors: Rdzawska-Augustin Elżbieta , Bródka Jakub
Published: March 2021

Niniejszy artykuł opisuje w formie syntezy założenia, przebieg oraz rezultat dwuetapowych międzynarodowych warsztatów projektowych realizowanych w 2019 roku
w ramach współpracy pomiędzy Wydziałem Architektury Politechniki Śląskiej, Wydziałem Architektury Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wydziałem Architektury Politechniki w Dreźnie oraz niemieckim stowarzyszeniem Windmühle
Seifhennersdorf e.V. Studenckie warsztaty architektoniczne są dopełnieniem edukacji kursowej na Wydziale Architektury, znacznie wzbogacają wiedzę praktyczną, szczególnie w sferze pracy w zespole międzynarodowym i międzywydziałowym [3]. Opisane warsztaty były szczególnie wartościowe w procesie edukacji architekta, ponieważ pomysłodawcy sami wykonali zaprojektowaną przez siebie konstrukcję – była to konfrontacja pomiędzy ideą
a rzeczywistością.
Woda w mieście – działania z zakresu błękitnej
infrastruktury dla łagodzenia zmian klimatu
i zapobiegania ich skutkom w miastach rdzenia
Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowskiej Metropolii
Authors: Pancewicz Alina
Published: March 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest błękitna
infrastruktura rozpatrywana w kontekście
planowania i realizowania działań zmierzających
do łagodzenia zmian klimatu oraz zapobiegania
ich skutkom w metropolitalnych miastach poprzemysłowych. Badania obejmują
działania podejmowane w ostatnich latach w
miastach należących do rdzenia Górnośląsko-
-Zagłębiowskiej Metropolii. Celem badań jest
identyfikacja i ocena planowanych, a także zrealizowanych
działań adaptujących przestrzeń
miejską do zmian klimatu w obszarze zrównoważonej
gospodarki wodnej.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN TIME OF PANDEMIC
Authors: Babińska Danuta
Published: March 2021

The extremely difficult situation in which business and society found themselves in the spring of 2020 prompts to pose a question about the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the era of COVID-19 as well as during the post pandemic times. Is redefining of this role necessary or does the current state of knowledge sufficiently explain the role of CSR during chaos and crisis? Great many companies declare having a social purpose and a set of values they strongly believe
in, not to mention their care for employees and other stakeholders. To make good on such commitments is not always easy even when times are stable, but what about extreme situation, such as the current pandemic? In one of his latest articles Mark Kramer says that coronavirus is putting corporate social responsibility to a test1. The purpose of this paper is to find out in what ways different companies are dealing with this test and what are the consequences of their actions for the stakeholders and for the companies themselves. Based on the research of the Responsible Business Forum information resources, an attempt is made to classify corporate strategies in response to the crisis, within the context of corporate social responsibility.
Pocztówka z Zurychu. Szkoła w Leutschenbach.
W poszukiwaniu rozwiązania niearbitralnego
i nieoczywistego
Authors: Radwański Damian
Published: March 2021

Budynek szkoły w Leutschenbach jako przykład rozwiązania architektonicznego będącego pochodną strategii projektowej zmierzającej do eliminacji decyzji
o charakterze arbitralnym w procesie projektowym. Celem opracowania jest wykazanie, że jedną z efektywnych metod skutecznie minimalizujących udział powierzchownych analiz i subiektywnych ocen w procesie koncypowania rozwiązań architektonicznych jest silne, ponadstandardowe warunkowanie, a także uzależnienie tych ostatnich od rozwiązań inżynieryjnych. Niniejsze studium przypadku wskazuje, w jaki sposób ścisłe zintegrowanie strategicznych rozwiązań architektonicznych z problematyką konstrukcyjną może wpływać na innowacyjny charakter danego rozwiązania.
FITNESS CLUBS FACING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN
Authors: Komańda Marcin
Published: March 2021

The establishment of the state of epidemic in Poland in March 2020 caused significant difficulties in accessing certain services or a total ban on their rendering. The fitness industry faced the inability to provide activity. This extraordinary situation forced entities in the fitness industry (including fitness clubs) to face a number of challenges related to surviving the closing period. These include, first of all, financial issues, the development of electronic business model components, as well as thinking about the conditions of running business after lifting the ban. The aim of the paper is to analyse the actions taken by the Polish fitness clubs during the lockdown period (13/03/2020-06/06/2020) caused by the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). It covers recognizing the thinking of these clubs about the possibilities of acting despite these restrictions, as well as immediately after lifting restrictions on the service activities of this industry. The method of analysing the situation
of the industry was based on two sources of information: a review of the literature and industry reports on the situation before the lockdown and media information presenting its state during the lockdown. The combination of information from both sources gave a unique insight into the justifications of the activities announced and undertaken by the Polish fitness club industry.
CIVIL LAW IN LIGHT OF ACADEMIC AND RESEARCH EXPERIENCE OF THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO
Authors: GOETTEL MIECZYSŁAW
Published: March 2021

The ‘civil law’ fi eld, which is part of the curricula of university courses of law and administration, as well as of other courses of many higher education institutions (at both master’s and bachelor’s levels), has also found its place in the curriculum of the Police Academy in Szczytno. The basis of such a solution is the assumption that the knowledge of civil law issues, although it does not belong to the basic ‘tools of work’ of police offi cers and other law enforcers, appears to be useful in some of the positions in the service. Moreover, many civil law concepts occur in the structure of criminal law institutions, and show links with legal regulations relating directly to the tasks of the Police (other services) and the official status of officers. For this reason, they are an inspiring subject matter to be researched and published on, which is done, among others, in the periodicals of the Police Academy in Szczytno.
CHANGES IN MARKETING STRATEGIES IN THE FASHION SECTOR CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Szymczyk Justyna
Published: March 2021

The announcement of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic by the World Health Organization WHO has caused changes in all areas of life. The closure of workplaces, shops and shopping centers as well as the omnipresent fear of disease influenced consumer behaviour. Companies representing the fashion sector were forced to immediately change their marketing strategies. In the first days of the pandemic marketing campaigns were discontinued, followed by a time of increased activity of fashion brands that used this time to improve their image. Sewing masks and coveralls has become a symbol of the fight against the COVID-19 virus.
The next step was to activate sales through discount campaigns that were transferred to the Internet. Marketing activities were direct in form and popularized the “hashtag stay at home” movement. However, marketers quickly verified that the above actions do not increase sales. The apparel sector returned to stationary sales in the third month of the pandemic. Experiences from the quarantine period made companies notice global changes in customer behaviour. For that reason the concepts that most customers had heard about before COVID-19, such as slow fashion and sustainable fashion, were begun to be used in marketing strategies.
Production in the spirit of less waste has become a major foundation for the strategy. What will these changes result in? Will the pandemic stop the fast fashion trend? What marketing strategies will work in the future? In her article, the author looks for answers to the above questions by analyzing selected marketing strategies of companies in the fashion sector. The subject of the research will be a critical analysis of industry literature and a query of scientific literature covering the above publications on a global scale. The research tool used will be analysis and diagnosis.
GENESIS OF THE STATUS OF THE COMMANDANT OF THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO AS AN ACADEMIC TEACHER
Authors: BOGDALSKI PIOTR
Published: March 2021

The subject of this Article is the offi cial position of the commandant of the Police Academy in Szczytno. In contrast, the author’s aim is to present the process of shaping the special attributes of this position, which is the status of an academic teacher. The article presents the se quence of organisational and legal changes to which the academic institution in Szczytno has been subject since 1972, as well as their impact on combining the status of academic teacher with the position of commandant of the Police Academy in Szczytno. The author comes to the conclusion that the process, which led to combining the status of an academic teacher with the position of the commandant rector of the Police Academy in Szczytno, was extremely tedious. This outcome was achieved only in 2018, i.e. almost fifty years after the unit in Szczytno obtained the status of a higher school. In the author’s opinion, it is an appropriate solution, because it fulfi lls the postulate of uniformity and systemic cohesion. Thanks to this, the legal situation of the rector of a higher education institution subordinate to the minister responsible for internal affairs was equated in the discussed scope to the situation of rectors of military higher education institutions and other rectors of public higher education institutions. In the opinion of the author, linking the position of the rector of a government service higher education institution with the status of academic teacher is also benefi cial for the institution itself and the person holding this offi ce. The author emphasises that the officers appointed to the position of commandant rector will be able to carry out scientifi c research activities and educate scientifi c staff in the institution they manage as academic teachers. A higher education institution may, in turn, list them and include their scientifi c output in the lists and reports required to be prepared as part of the procedures for the assessment of the quality of education provided by the institution and for the evaluation and categorisation of its scientifi c activities.
THE POLICE ACADEMY IN SZCZYTNO IN DIFFICULT TIMES
Authors: MĄDRZEJOWSKI WIESŁAW
Published: March 2021

In 2003–2005, the Police Academy was in the process of losing its academic status as a centre designed to prepare police executives. According to the adopted assumptions, the Academy was to become an institution preparing police personnel at the basic and specialist levels. In May 2004, the new Commandant-Rector, on the basis of opinions of the police community, research conducted in the Academy, and his own experience in service in various police units, prepared a plan to maintain the status of a university, and develop the university as a training and scientifi c centre. Thanks to the enormous work done by the school personnel and police offi cers from all over the country supporting the Academy, and thanks to the support obtained from many scientifi c centres, the programme was implemented very quickly. Comprehensive assistance was also obtained from the regional authorities and Members of Parliament from all political backgrounds. The Police Academy in Szczytno as a public service university was included in the new Higher Education Act. After a few months, the effects of these undertakings prompted the management of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration, and the National Police Headquarters to make a decision on granting the school a new statute appropriate for a higher education institution, restoring university structures and enrolling new students for previously suspended undergraduate studies for police offi cers. All of the undertakings encountered unprecedented interest.
Acoustic Monitoring of Joint Health
Authors: Spain Lucy , Cheneler David
Published: March 2021

The joints of the human body, especially the knees, are continually exposed to varying loads as a person goes about their day. These loads may contribute to damage to tissues including cartilage and the development of degenerative medical conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA). The most commonly used method currently for classifying the severity of knee OA is the Kellgren and Lawrence system, whereby a grade (a KL score) from 0 to 4 is determined based on the radiographic evidence. However, radiography cannot directly depict cartilage damage, and there is low inter-observer precision with this method. As such, there has been a significant activity to find non-invasive and radiation-free methods to quantify OA, in order to facilitate the diagnosis and the appropriate course of medical action and to validate the development of therapies in a research or clinical setting. A number of different teams have noted that variation in knee joint sounds during different loading conditions may be indicative of structural changes within the knee potentially linked to OA. Here we will review the use of acoustic methods, such as acoustic Emission (AE) and vibroarthrography (VAG), developed for the monitoring of knee OA, with a focus on the issues surrounding data collection and analysis.
Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Chronic Kidney Disease in a Population-based Study: Tehran Thyroid Study
Authors: Kazempour-Ardebili Sara , Amouzegar Atefeh , Tohidi Maryam , Amouzegar Atieh , Azizi Fereidoun
Published: March 2021

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rising public health concern that has detrimental effects on cardiovascular health and overall survival. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has been associated with poor outcomes in the general population. It is thought to be more prevalent in CKD subjects, and their coexistence may contribute to poor outcomes in these patients. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SCH in CKD. Methods: Using data from the Tehran thyroid study, which is a prospective population-based cohort study, adult subjects with an estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or less were selected for studying the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities, as well as other known cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Of 5,626 subjects recruited, 823 (14.6%) individuals had CKD. Individuals with CKD were older, heavier, had a higher prevalence of diabetes, higher serum thyrotropin, and thyroid peroxidase anti-body levels, but lower free thyroxine levels. The prevalence of SCH was 7.3% and 5.2% (P < 0.001) in kidney disease and non-kidney disease subjects, respectively. However, there was no difference in the risk of SCH between CKD and non-CKD subjects after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and TPOAb (OR: 1.28; 95%CI, 0.89 - 1.83). None of the metabolic markers compared between the CKD subgroups of those with and without SCH remained statistically significantly different after adjusting for age and gender. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCH was not higher in CKD after controlling for confounding factors. Besides, CKD subjects with and without SCH had no different metabolic parameters.