bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rhodoferax lithotrophicus sp. nov., a neutrophilic iron-oxidizing and -reducing bacterium isolated from iron-rich freshwater sediments
Authors: Kato Shingo , Itoh Takashi , Iino Takao , Sakamoto Mitsuo , Ohkuma Moriya
Published: June 2024

A neutrophilic iron-oxidizing and -reducing bacterium, strain MIZ03T, was previously isolated from a wetland in Ibaraki, Japan. Here, we report the detailed characteristics of this strain. It was motile with a single polar flagellum, and Gram-stain-negative. It could grow not only chemolithoautotrophically but also chemoorganotrophically by aerobic respiration and fermentation. Major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1
 ω7c/C16 : 1
 ω6c, and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that strain MIZ03T belonged to the genus Rhodoferax. This strain was closely related to Rhodoferax ferrireducens with 98.5 % of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Based on its phenotypic and genomic based characteristics, we conclude that strain MIZ03T represents a new species in the genus Rhodoferax. We propose the name Rhodoferax lithotrophicus sp. nov. to accommodate this strain. The type strain is MIZ03T (=JCM 34246T=DSM 113266T). We also propose the name Rhodoferax koreensis sp. nov., of which the type strain is DCY110T (=KCTC 52288T=JCM 31441T), for the effectively, but not yet validly, published name ‘Rhodoferax koreense’.
Characterization of a natural ‘dead-end’ variant of Schmallenberg virus
Authors: Sick Franziska , Zeiske Sophie , Beer Martin , Wernike Kerstin
Published: June 2024

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) belongs to the Simbu serogroup within the family Peribunyaviridae, genus Orthobunyavirus and is transmitted by Culicoides biting midges. Infection of naïve ruminants in a critical phase of gestation may lead to severe congenital malformations. Sequence analysis from viremic animals revealed a very high genome stability. In contrast, sequence variations are frequently described for SBV from malformed fetuses. In addition to S segment mutations, especially within the M segment encoding the major immunogen Gc, point mutations or genomic deletions are also observed. Analysis of the SBV_D281/12 isolate from a malformed fetus revealed multiple point mutations in all three genome segments. It also has a large genomic deletion in the antigenic domain encoded by the M segment compared to the original SBV reference strain ‘BH80/11’ isolated from viremic blood in 2011. Interestingly, SBV_D281/12 showed a marked replication deficiency in vitro in Culicoides sonorensis cells (KC cells), but not in standard baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21). We therefore generated a set of chimeric viruses of rSBV_D281/12 and wild-type rSBV_BH80/11 by reverse genetics, which were characterized in both KC and BHK-21 cells. It could be shown that the S segment of SBV_D281/12 is responsible for the replication deficit and that it acts independently from the large deletion within Gc. In addition, a single point mutation at position 111 (S to N) of the nucleoprotein was identified as the critical mutation. Our results suggest that virus variants found in malformed fetuses and carrying characteristic genomic mutations may have a clear ‘loss of fitness’ for their insect hosts in vitro. It can also be concluded that such mutations lead to virus variants that are no longer part of the natural transmission cycle between mammalian and insect hosts. Interestingly, analysis of a series of SBV sequences confirmed the S111N mutation exclusively in samples of malformed fetuses and not in blood from viremic animals. The characterization of these changes will allow the definition of protein functions that are critical for only one group of hosts.
Ciprofloxacin prophylaxis during haematopoietic cell transplantation: a role for use in patients with germ cell tumours?
Authors: Kavallieros Konstantinos , Baltas Ioannis , Konstantinou Giannis , Koutoumanou Eirini , Gibani Malick M. , Gilchrist Mark , Davies Frances , Pavlu Jiri
Published: June 2024

Introduction. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis during haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can lead to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Identifying the groups of patients that have the highest likelihood of benefiting from prophylactic antimicrobials is important for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS).

Hypothesis. We aimed to identify groups of HCT recipients that have the highest likelihood of benefiting from prophylactic fluroquinolones.

Methods. All admissions for HCT in a tertiary centre between January 2020 and December 2022 (N = 400) were retrospectively studied. Allogeneic HCT (allo-HCT) recipients had prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin during the chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, while autologous HCT (auto-HCT) recipients did not. Bacteraemias were recorded when non-contaminant bacterial pathogens were isolated in blood cultures.

Results. Allo-HCT was performed for 43.3 % (173/400) of patients and auto-HCT was performed for 56.7 % (227/400). A bacteraemia was documented in 28.3 % (113/400) of cases. Allo-HCT recipients were more likely to have a Gram-positive bacteraemia (20.8%, 36/173, vs 10.1%, 23/227, P = 0.03), while a difference was not observed for Gram-negative bacteraemias (18.5%, 32/173 vs 18.1%, 41/227, P = 0.91). Among auto-HCT recipients not receiving ciprofloxacin prophylaxis, patients with germ cell tumours had the highest probability (P for trend 0.09) of recording any bacteraemia (43.5%, 10/23) followed by patients with lymphomas (32.5%, 13/40), other auto-HCT indications (22.2%, 2/9), multiple myeloma (22.1%, 29/131) and multiple sclerosis (12.5%, 3/24). The higher number of bacteraemias in patients with germ cell tumours was primarily driven by Gram-negative pathogens.

Conclusions. Ciprofloxacin prophylaxis was associated with a reduced incidence of Gram-negative bacteraemias in allo-HCT recipients. Auto-HCT recipients due to germ cell tumours, not receiving ciprofloxacin prophylaxis, recorded the highest incidence of bacteraemias and represent a possible target group for this intervention.
Network pharmacological evaluation of active ingredients and potential targets of San Huang Decoction in the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Chao Shuai , Liu Shiqiang , Wang Kun , Xie Mingming , Liu Beibei
Published: June 2024

Objective

Using the method of network pharmacology, the possible targets and related signaling pathways of San Huang Decoction against breast cancer were explored.

Methods

The active ingredients of San Huang Decoction were screened in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). All targets of San Huang Decoction and breast cancer were obtained through five databases, and R software was used to obtain their common targets. Then, Cytoscape software was used to construct the active ingredient-target network map. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was obtained with the help of the STRING database, and key targets were screened out through network topology analysis. Common targets were subjected to gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis using R software.

Results

A total of 39 active ingredients were screened from San Huang Decoction, of which 20 belonged to Huangqi, 16 belonged to Dahuang, and 3 belonged to Jianghuang. After taking the intersection of all the targets of San Huang Decoction and breast cancer, a total of 185 potential targets of San Huang Decoction against breast cancer were obtained. PPI network analysis screened out 16 targets that may be the key targets of San Huang Decoction against breast cancer. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG suggested that the common targets were involved in various biological processes and functions through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway, including oxidation stress, transcription-related functions, and nuclear receptor functions.

Conclusion

This study predicted the potential targets and signaling pathways of San Huang Decoction against breast cancer, and provided scientific guidance for the further study on the anti-breast cancer mechanism of San Huang Decoction.
CRISPR-Cas9/Cas12a Systems for efficient genome editing and large genomic fragment deletions inAspergillus niger
Authors: Yuan Guoliang , Deng Shuang , Czajka Jeffrey J. , Dai Ziyu , Hofstad Beth A. , Kim Joonhoon , Pomraning Kyle R.
Published: June 2024

CRISPR technology has revolutionized fungal genetic engineering by accelerating the pace and expanding the feasible scope of experiments in this field. Among various CRISPR-Cas systems, Cas9 and Cas12a are widely used in genetic and metabolic engineering. In filamentous fungi, both Cas9 and Cas12a have been utilized as CRISPR nucleases. In this work we first compared efficacies and types of genetic edits for CRISPR-Cas9 and -Cas12a systems at the polyketide synthase (albA) gene locus inAspergillus niger. By employing a tRNA-based gRNA polycistronic cassette, both Cas9 and Cas12a have demonstrated remarkable editing efficacy. Cas12a demonstrated superiority over Cas9 protein when one gRNA was used for targeting, achieving an editing efficiency of 89.5% compared to 15% for Cas9. Moreover, when employing two gRNAs for targeting, both systems achieved up to 100% editing efficiency for single gene editing. In addition, the CRISPR-Cas9 system has been reported to induce large genomic deletions in various species. However, its use for engineering large chromosomal segments deletions in filamentous fungi still requires optimization. Here, we engineered Cas9 and - Cas12a-induced large genomic fragment deletions by targeting various genomic regions ofA.nigerranging from 3.5 kb to 40 kb. Our findings demonstrate that targeted engineering of large chromosomal segments can be achieved, with deletions of up to 66.7% efficiency. Furthermore, by targeting a secondary metabolite gene cluster, we show that fragments over 100 kb can be efficiently and specifically deleted using the CRISPR-Cas9 or -Cas12a system. Overall, in this paper, we present an efficient multi-gRNA genome editing system utilizing Cas9 or Cas12a that enables highly efficient targeted editing of genes and large chromosomal regions inA.niger.
Effect of Over-expression of GRXs on Thermo and Acetic Acid Stress Tolerance ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Li-shuang , Zhang Mei-ling , He Ya-xin , Yu Yuan , Xu Ke
Published: June 2024

Ethanol production from renewable cellulosic materials is a globally significant research area. However, the high temperatures and acetic acid generated during cellulose pretreatment can inhibitSaccharomyces cerevisiaegrowth, reducing ethanol yields. This study investigates the impact of glutaredoxin family genes (GRXs) over-expression onS. cerevisiaecell growth and fermentation performance under thermal and acetic acid stress. Engineered strains overexpressingGRX1, GRX2, andGRX5demonstrated enhanced growth at 42°C, while those overexpressingGRX1, GRX2, GRX6, andGRX7showed improved growth at 1 g/L acetic acid. These results suggest that GRX over-expression can remediateS. cerevisiae, potentially accelerating advancements in green biomanufacturing.
Evidence-based Practice in Medical Education: Team-based Learning in a Blended Curriculum
Authors: Smith Natalie
Published: June 2024

This article explores the redesign of a Physician Associate (PA) program’s didactic coursework from traditional lecture-based methods to a student-centered blended learning platform incorporating Team-Based Learning (TBL). The initiative, supported by a course innovation grant, aimed to address the limitations of passive learning by integrating active learning experiences that enhance student engagement and comprehension. The redesigned Diagnostic Methods I course leverages blended learning to combine online materials with face-to-face interactions, fostering critical thinking and practical application of knowledge. TBL, a structured approach to collaborative learning, facilitates deeper understanding through readiness assurance tests and team-based problem-solving. Early findings indicate improved student outcomes and positive perceptions of the blended TBL approach, suggesting its potential as a valuable educational strategy in PA programs. The article provides practical insights and lessons learned for educators seeking to implement TBL and blended learning in similar educational settings.
Autophagy controls differentiation ofDrosophilablood cells by regulating Notch levels in response to nutrient availability
Authors: Katz Maximiliano J. , Rodríguez Felipe , Evangelisti Fermín , Perez-Pandolfo Sebastián , Sommario Natalia , Borrat Agustina , Melani Mariana , Wappner Pablo
Published: June 2024

Drosophilalarval hematopoiesis takes place at the lymph gland, where blood cell progenitors differentiate into two possible cell types: plasmatocytes, analogous to mammalian macrophages, or crystal cells that share features with mammalian megakaryocytes; a third cell type, the lamellocytes, can develop only upon specific immune challenges. In this work, we investigate the role of autophagy inDrosophilahematopoiesis. We found that autophagy inhibition in blood cell progenitors results in augmented crystal cell differentiation due to accumulation of high levels of Notch protein. Notch activation during hematopoiesis depends on the endocytic pathway, which cross-talks with autophagy: While endocytosis and endosomal maturation are essential for Notch activation, autophagosomes are required for Notch lysosomal degradation. TOR signaling inhibits autophagosome biogenesis, which in turn prevents the formation of Notch-containing amphisomes, being the latter necessary for Notch lysosomal destruction. Reduction of Notch lysosomal degradation shifts the balance towards Notch activation at late endosomal membranes, thereby enhancing differentiation of crystal cells. Our work defines a novel mechanism of regulation of immune cell differentiation in response to the nutritional status of the organism: High nutrient availability induces TOR activation, thereby inhibiting autophagy, hindering lysosomal degradation of Notch, and promoting crystal cell differentiation.
The influence of CSR on enterprise value: the case of China’s real estate industry
Authors: Kong Xinran , Wang Wei
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the real estate sector is limited, and the precise workings of its impact are still unclear. Under the premise that real estate enterprises face environmental uncertainty in China, this study explored the impact of CSR on real estate enterprise value.

Design/methodology/approach

To investigate the impact of CSR on enterprise value, we studied 111 real estate enterprises with A-shares listed on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2010 to 2020, and performed empirical tests to determine the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty on this relationship.

Findings

(1) The fulfillment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) significantly influences the value of real estate enterprises. A sub-dimensional analysis reveals that fulfilling stakeholder and social welfare responsibilities within CSR positively impacts enterprise value, whereas environmental responsibility does not exert a notable effect. (2) The uncertainty associated with environmental changes profoundly affects the relationship between CSR and the value of real estate enterprises. More precisely, as environmental uncertainty increases, it amplifies the beneficial impact of CSR on enterprise value.

Practical implications

These findings are valuable for real estate enterprises as they navigate the transition towards sustainable development, and they also provide insight for the government in formulating policies aimed at regulating the real estate sector.

Originality/value

This study complements the existing discussion and research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and enterprise value in the real estate industry, while elucidating the underlying mechanism of how environmental uncertainty mediates the relationship between the two.
Unleashing innovation through employee voice behavior in the hotel industry: the impact of ambidextrous leadership on innovative work behavior
Authors: Ajmal Muhammad , Sareet Zarafshan , Islam Azmat
Published: June 2024

Purpose

In today's dynamic and competitive business environment, organizations strive to foster innovation as a key driver of success. To achieve this, leaders play a critical role in promoting innovative work behavior among employees. This study is based on finding the effect of ambidextrous leadership on innovative work behavior with employee voice behavior as a mediator and employee moral identity as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is conducted on Pakistan's hotel and restaurant industry. Drawing upon a sample of 410 valid responses from employees from various hotels, data is collected using self-report questionnaires.

Findings

The study revealed that ambidextrous leadership is positively related to innovative work behavior, and employee voice behavior mediated their relationship very well. However, ambidextrous leadership generates more positive and creative outcomes for the organization if it accompanies employee voice. Moreover, employees with a stronger moral identity are more likely to engage in voice behavior when they perceive ambidextrous leadership practices.

Practical implications

In Pakistan's hotel industry, developing leadership programs that focus on ambidextrous leadership, encouraging employee voice, and aligning with employees' moral values are key to fostering innovation. Organizations should cultivate a culture of openness, trust, and recognition, alongside implementing systems that reward innovative contributions. It's crucial to provide opportunities for skill development, decision-making participation, and a sense of ownership among employees. Moreover, providing necessary resources and supporting a culture that embraces experimentation and learning from failures are fundamental for sustained innovation.

Originality/value

By adopting ambidextrous leadership practices, leaders can stimulate employee voice behavior, which, in turn, contributes to the development of innovative work behavior. Furthermore, understanding the importance of employee moral identity can help leaders tailor their leadership approaches to create an ethical work environment that promotes employee engagement and innovation.
Business expansion strategy of two-sided platform considering technology R & D effect and congestion effect
Authors: Yuan Junxia , Liu Renhuai , Zou Yuanyang
Published: June 2024

Purpose

A new model for two-sided platforms is presented, incorporating both the original business and an expanded (new) business. Previous studies have neglected the impact of technology R & D on the new business aspect of two-sided platforms. This study addresses this gap by examining the technology R & D effect on the new business while also considering the congestion effect on the original business. It investigates the optimal pricing and user scales for both the original and new businesses. Additionally, the profits of the original business, the new business, and the overall two-sided platform are analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach

Previous studies have overlooked the technology R & D effect on the new business aspect of two-sided platforms. Therefore, this study focuses on examining the technology R & D effect on the new business. Additionally, the congestion effect on the original business is considered. To determine the optimal prices for both sides of the original and new businesses, a game sequence model is introduced.

Findings

The optimal price on the service buyers (defined b side) of new business increases only with regard to technology R & D effect on b side of new business increasing. The optimal price on b side of new business is equal to half of the b-side R & D effect. The optimal profit of original business decreases with regard to the technology R & D effect of new business and cross-market network effect on the services provider (defined s side) between original business and new business increasing, respectively. To gain optimal profit of two-sided platform, the two-sided platform adopts some strategies to improve the congestion.

Originality/value

A new two-sided platform model is stated, in which the technology R & D effect is embraced. The expanded business scenario of two-sided platform is considered, that is, the two-sided platform has one business firstly and a new business is developed or improved of two-sided platform. To solve the prices strategy of original business and new business, a game sequence of the original business and new business is presented.
Bibliometric analysis on usage of Industry 4.0 technologies in healthcare
Authors: Khanuja Anurodhsingh , Sreedharan Rajan , Sharma Neha
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Industrial Revolution 4.0 prompts organizations to adopt emerging technologies, and the healthcare industry is no different from them. Further, it is important to adopt new edge technologies to improve services and the well-being of patients. This research synthesizes the work most influenced by this technology and the trends and usage of Industry 4.0 technologies in the healthcare sector.

Design/methodology/approach

The study has used the Scopus and Web of Science databases to retrieve articles published in healthcare and Industry 4.0 for bibliometric analysis. Specifically, Bibliometrix (R-package) and VOSviewer were used to analyze data related to authors, sources, keywords and content analysis.

Findings

The study found increased research trends in Industry 4.0 and healthcare in recent years. The USA, India and China are top contributors in this field, showing research progress in developed and developing economies. Dwivedi Y and Kumar A. were top researchers in the field. The finding also reveals that predictive analytics, deep technology and sustainable development are emerging areas for healthcare where Industry 4.0 can play a crucial role.

Practical implications

Using Industry 4.0 technologies can help the company improve its services, operational efficiency and patient care.

Originality/value

The study explored the trends in the healthcare sector for using Industry 4.0 technologies through bibliometric analysis.
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm as a manifestation of chronic renocardiac syndrome: A case report
Authors: Kotzadamis Dimitrios , Gkroumtsia Evangelia , Papadopoulos Christodoulos , Vassilikos Vassilios
Published: June 2024

In this case report, we describe a patient who presented with chronic symptoms and signs of uremia and persistent accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) on electrocardiogram. Findings from blood tests, echocardiography, renal ultrasound, and renal scan were suggestive of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and chronic kidney disease, and attendance of daily hemodialysis sessions led to the restoration of sinus rhythm. Typically, AIVR has a favorable prognosis and, if necessary, medical intervention focuses on addressing the underlying responsible causes. Accumulation of uremic toxins has the potential to trigger the formation of AIVR and clearance of small solutes through conventional hemodialysis may contribute to sinus rhythm restoration.
Impact of modifications to antidementia drug reimbursement in France: Analysis of the FRA‐DEM cohort
Authors: Couret Anaïs , Gardette Virginie , Renoux Axel , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse
Published: June 2024

Aims

Alzheimer's disease and related diseases (ADRD) is a progressive and inexorable disease. In France, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine were reimbursed for subjects with ADRD, until 2 modifications of their reimbursement rate (2012, 2018). We aimed to study the consequences of these measures on ADRD subjects' healthcare use.

Methods

We analysed data from the FRA‐DEM cohort, including subjects with presumed incident ADRD identified since 2011 in the French health insurance system. We studied the healthcare use of subjects identified with incident ADRD in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019, notably the annual number of defined daily doses of various psychotropic groups. We performed 2 multivariate multinomial logistic regressions with the subcohort year as the dependent variable.

Results

In total, 165 120 subjects were included. A progressive decrease in exposure to antidementia drugs was observed between 2011 and 2019. Consultations with private neurologists or psychiatrists, and exposure to risperidone, antidepressants and benzodiazepines increased in the 2019 subcohort, following the 2018 reimbursement withdrawal. Meanwhile, the use of nursing/allied healthcare and emergency care increased over the subcohort years, whereas we observed a decrease in general practitioner consultations.

Conclusion

These results suggest increases in private neurologist or psychiatrist consultations and exposure to recommended drugs after the reimbursement withdrawal, contrary to the fears expressed. However, antidementia drug exposure decreased long before the reimbursement modifications, probably due to the growing evidence of the modest effect of these drugs, and exposure to benzodiazepines increased after the reimbursement withdrawal.
Combined effect of CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes on escitalopram serum concentration and its metabolic ratio in a European patient population
Authors: Faraj Pari , Haslemo Tore , Tran Jenny Phung , Stingl Julia , Molden Espen , Hole Kristine
Published: June 2024

Aims

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of CYP2D6 genotype on exposure and metabolism of escitalopram in patients stratified by CYP2C19 genotype in a large real‐world population.

Methods

Patients were included from a therapeutic drug monitoring service if they had measured serum concentration of escitalopram and the metabolite, N‐desmethyl escitalopram, and performed CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotyping. Patients were divided into 16 combined genotype‐predicted phenotype subgroups (poor [PM], intermediate [IM], normal [NM] and ultrarapid metabolizers [UM]) of CYP2C19/CYP2D6. The concentration‐to‐dose (CD) ratio and metabolite‐to‐parent ratio (metabolic ratio) of escitalopram were compared across subgroups using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's test with CYP2D6 NMs as the reference group.

Results

A total of 5067 patients were included in the study. A stepwise increase in escitalopram CD ratio by decreasing CYP2D6 activity was observed in all CYP2C19 subgroups, except for in CYP2C19 UMs. The percentage differences in escitalopram CD ratio between CYP2D6 PMs and NMs were 24% in CYP2C19 NMs (P < .001), 28% in CYP2C19 IMs (P < .001) and 31% in CYP2C19 PMs (P = .04). As for the CD ratio, CYP2D6 genotype effect on metabolic ratio increased stepwise by decreasing CYP2C19 metabolism.

Conclusions

CYP2D6 genotype is of significant importance for the individual variation in escitalopram pharmacokinetics. The most relevant increase in escitalopram concentration is seen in individuals with decreased and/or absent CYP2C19 activity. By combining CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 genotypes, the optimal dose for patients may be predicted with greater precision than for CYP2C19 genotype alone.
Antiperspirant‐related zirconium and aluminum‐containing granulomas; histopathology and in situ chemical analysis
Authors: Sanford Jeffrey A. , Candelaria‐Santiago Roberto , Forte Dominic M. , Curcio Christian A. , Allbritton Jill I. , Strausborger Stacy L. , Lewin‐Smith Michael R.
Published: June 2024

The potential adverse health effects of antiperspirant use are of interest to patients, primary care providers, dermatologists, and pathologists. In rare instances, antiperspirants containing aluminum–zirconium complexes have been associated with granulomatous dermatoses despite being deemed non‐sensitizing in experiments. In this case study, we present a detailed examination of an axillary granuloma in a 28‐year‐old female who had been using an aluminum–zirconium‐based antiperspirant for several years and presented with a left axillary nodule that was excised and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive x‐ray analysis (SEM/EDXA). Histopathological examination revealed a foreign body‐type reaction with amphophilic granular material within giant cells that corresponded to collocated zirconium and aluminum on SEM/EDXA elemental maps. Our case adds to the limited reports of axillary granulomas related to aluminum–zirconium complexes. It illustrates the histopathological appearance and in situ distribution of the aluminum–zirconium complexes, supporting the formation of foreign body‐type granulomas. Additionally, our case study illustrates the potential role of these compounds in such reactions and aims to increase awareness among pathologists and clinicians.
Sexual dimorphism in head size in wild burying beetles
Authors: Smith Jack M. L. , Catherall‐Ostler Andrew M. , Mashoodh Rahia , Kilner Rebecca M.
Published: June 2024

The burying beetle (Nicrophorus vespilloides) is thought to be predominantly sexually monomorphic. Males carry an additional abdominal segment and produce pheromones, but otherwise the sexes are alike.

Both sexes bear bright orange bands on their black elytra, which probably function as part of a warning display rather than in mate choice. In wild populations, the sexes do not differ in mean body size, nor in its variation.

Here we describe a form of sexual size dimorphism in wild populations that has previously been overlooked. We show that males have wider heads than females, for any given pronotum width (body size), and that the scaling relationship between head width and pronotum width is hyperallometric in males, but isometric in females. We also show how absolute head width, as well as the extent of sexual dimorphism in head width, differs among seven wild populations inhabiting different woodlands that are within c.10 km of each other.

We suggest that head size dimorphism is functionally related to bite force. We hypothesise that dimorphism could be due to divergent selection arising from task specialisation during biparental care, as the duties of care favoured by males are likely to require a greater bite force.
Peatland carbon chemistry, amino acids and protein preservation in biogeochemically distinct ecohydrologic layers
Authors: Yusuf Anne Yalien , Silvester Ewen , Brkljaca Robert , Birnbaum Christina , Chapman James , Grover Samantha
Published: June 2024

Peatlands play a significant role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles due to their carbon storage capabilities. However, there are key knowledge gaps in our understanding of how peatland hydrology influences the biogeochemical properties that drive peatland functioning and health. This study examines peatland hydrology and biogeochemical dynamics by exploring the variations in carbon chemistry, total amino acid (‘protein’) content and amino acid composition in the ecohydrologic layers: acrotelm, mesotelm and catotelm. The dynamic movement of the water table recorded half‐hourly over 4 years was used to assist in identifying the boundaries between these layers. Peat amino acids were measured using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Carbon chemistry was analysed by solid state Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (CPMAS) 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, with the alkyl:O‐alkyl ratio used to quantify the extent of decomposition. Our result revealed a strong positive correlation between the extent of decomposition and total protein content, indicating selective preservation of proteinaceous materials during peat decomposition. Each ecohydrologic layer displayed a distinct amino acid composition and carbon functional group composition. The acrotelm was relatively enriched in seven amino acids and two carbon functional groups. The mesotelm was relatively enriched in four amino acids, while the catotelm was relatively enriched in three amino acids and four carbon functional groups. The variations in amino acid composition reflect differences in microbial function and efficiency, while variations in carbon functional groups provide insights into long‐term carbon sequestration in peatland. Collectively, these results provide more insights into nutrient cycling and changes in organic matter composition during peat decomposition. These findings demonstrate that peatland biogeochemistry is closely linked to ecohydrology and suggest that changes to water table dynamics could affect the ability of peatlands to sequester and store carbon in the future.
Effects of urbanization and deforestation on flooding: Case study of Cap‐Haïtien City, Haiti
Authors: Jean Louis Madoche , Crosato Alessandra , Mosselman Erik , Maskey Shreedhar
Published: June 2024

Cap‐Haïtien, the second largest city in Haiti, is highly vulnerable to earthquakes, landslides, and flooding. The rapid pace of urbanization and deforestation has exacerbated the risk of flooding, resulting in disasters in November 2012, 2016, and 2022. This study aims to assess the impact of urbanization and deforestation on river flooding in Cap‐Haïtien by applying the hydrological model Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and the hydrodynamic model Sobek‐Rural. We examined the current situation and a scenario of future urbanization and deforestation. Urbanization and deforestation are found to play a pivotal role in the production and deposition of sediment along the lower Haut‐du‐Cap River reaches. The existing hydraulic capacity of the river and its drainage system cannot handle the estimated peak flows. The mountain ravines west of the city are found to be the primary source of sediment‐laden flash floods. We recommend retention basins, drainage extensions, and pragmatic public policies to mitigate flood risk. Comprehensive strategies are needed to address the detrimental effects of urbanization and deforestation on flooding in Cap‐Haïtien and similar regions where a lack of water governance has worsened the flooding alongside urbanization and deforestation. We generalize our experiences from Cap‐Haïtien into a broader framework for data‐scarce areas.
Treatment patterns and oncological outcomes of older adults with metastatic prostate cancer in real‐world setting
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Hoeh Benedikt , Wagner Nele , Koll Florestan , Siech Carolin , Humke Clara , Steuber Thomas , Graefen Markus , Tilki Derya , Kluth Luis , Traumann Miriam , Banek Séverine , Chun Felix K. H. , Mandel Philipp
Published: June 2024

Background

The landscape of systemic therapies for metastatic hormone‐sensitive (mHSPC) and castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) extensively improved within the last decades resulting in a significantly prolonged overall survival. However, subgroup analyses of phase III trials suggest potentially different overall survival outcomes for older adults.

Methods

We relied on our institutional metastatic prostate cancer database to identify mHSPC and subsequently mCRPC patients. Older adults were stratified according to age groups 70–74 versus ≥75–79 versus ≥80 years at metastatic occurrence. Subsequently, uni‐ and multivariable time to mCRPC and overall survival analyses were performed.

Results

Of 494 older adults, 217 (44%) were 70–74 versus 180 (36%) 75–79 versus 97 (20%) ≥80 years old. Rates of local prostate cancer treatment differed significantly between all three groups (p < 0.01). Regarding mHSPC treatment, androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) were administered in 30–39% of patients and docetaxel with 9% in age group 70–74 years and 6% and 3% in age groups 75–79 years and ≥80 years. Regarding mCRPC treatment, significant differences between treatment proportions were observed (p < 0.01). Most common treatment was ARSI for all three groups. Conversely, chemotherapy was more frequently administered in patients aged 70–74 (16%), relative to 4% and 3% in 75‐79 year and ≥80 year aged patients. In univariable and multivariable time to mCRPC analyses, overall survival in mHSPC and OS in mCRPC analyses, no significant differences between all three age groups were observed (all p ≥ 0.3).

Conclusions

Treatment patterns differ significantly between older adults with metastatic prostate cancer. However, these differences may not result in differences of overall life expectancy.
A predictive study of genes related to lactic acid metabolism in cervical carcinoma
Authors: Zou Kehan , Ou Jie
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Lactic acid metabolism, a hallmark of carcinogenesis, may play potential roles in cervical carcinoma, assisting the prognosis prediction.

Materials and Methods

A regression analysis was conducted to identify the ones with the most frequent variation in mutations and CNV changes in lactate metabolism‐related (L‐related) genes, after which a prognostic nomogram was built based on selected genes and clinical features by machine learning methods.

Results

EGLN1, IL1, IL12RB1, ENO1, and 10 other genes had the most frequent changes and prognostic differences in overall survival (OS). The lactated associated risk (LAR) score model can distinguish the patients in OS (p = 0.046, HR = 101.9, 95%CI 1.1–9447.6), and together with clinical features has a higher AUC (AUC = 0.839). Furthermore, CD8+ T, activated CD4+ memory T and resting mast cells were significantly negatively associated with the LAR score.

Conclusions

Lactic acid metabolism is closely related to the prognosis of cervical carcinoma, where the immune microenvironment may play an important role.
Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta: A novel approach for treating amniotic fluid embolism with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy—A report of two cases
Authors: Ryu Tensei , Kurokawa Yusuke , Hirayu Nobuhisa , Muto Megumi , Akiba Jun , Uzu Hideaki , Horinouchi Takashi , Yoshizato Toshiyuki , Takasu Osamu , Tsuda Naotake
Published: June 2024

We present two critical cases of life‐threatening postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) due to amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC). These cases are the first to show the effectiveness of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) for patient survival. In Case 1, the patient, experiencing critical conditions with severe PPH and DIC despite conventional treatments, including rapid blood transfusion and fibrinogen concentrate, was air‐transferred to our hospital, where REBOA was promptly employed before hysterectomy was completed. Case 2 involved an ambulance‐transferred patient with massive PPH and DIC despite conventional treatments. Prehospital REBOA was performed to prevent cardiac arrest during transfer, and hysterectomy was performed in the hospital. Given the rapid deterioration associated with AFE, REBOA can serve as a bridge until complete hemostasis to maintain vital signs and control bleeding in patients unresponsive to standard therapies before hemostatic interventions or during transfer.
Effectiveness of breast milk in the healing of medical adhesive‐related skin injuries in peripheral intravenous catheter securement: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Apaydin Cirik Vildan , Turkmen Ayse Sonay , Alirkiliçarslan Dudu Beren
Published: June 2024

Background

Skin injuries, which are more prevalent among premature infants, can prolong the hospital stay of preterms in neonatal intensive care units.

Aim

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of breast milk in reducing the healing time of skin injuries caused using medical adhesive for securing peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) in late preterm infants, which was evaluated using the Neonatal Skin Condition Scale (NSCS). A randomized controlled trial was conducted with two parallel groups in a 1:1 allocation ratio.

Study design

It was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a hospital in Karaman, Turkey between August and November 2022 with 72 preterm infants born at 35–36 weeks with stable health status and having intravenous catheter securement to the skin with medical adhesive tapes, with the tapes remaining on the skin for a minimum of 24 h and a maximum of 32 h. Preterm infants were randomly assigned to breast milk or routine care groups. The site of the skin injuries was evaluated by two independent observers using the NSCS once every 60 min until the injury was completely healed. A one‐way ANOVA and repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyse the data.

Results

The average postnatal age was 3.32 ± 0.99 days, and the total duration of medical adhesive tape on the skin was 28.21 ± 2.59 h. A significant difference was found between the mean skin condition scale scores of the infants in the breast milk group (F = 117.219, p < .001) and the routine care group (F = 122.247, p < .001) according to time within the group. The skin injuries of preterm infants in the breast milk group decreased significantly in the first 3 h after the procedure.

Conclusion

Breast milk application was more effective than routine care in reducing the healing time of skin injuries.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It can be recommended to use breast milk to heal skin injuries in preterm infants.
Metaphysics of risk and luck
Authors: Hirvelä Jaakko
Published: June 2024

According to the modal account of luck it is a matter of luck that p if p is true at the actual world, but false in a wide‐range of nearby worlds. According to the modal account of risk, it is risky that p if p is true at some close world. I argue that the modal accounts of luck and risk do not mesh well together. The views entail that p can be both maximally risky and maximally lucky, but there is nothing which is both maximally lucky and maximally risky. I offer a novel theory of risk that fits together with the modal account of luck and demonstrate that it is both extensionally and formally superior to extant proposals.
Varieties of future‐contingency
Authors: Green Mitchell
Published: June 2024

I here examine some of the main contentions of Todd's “The Open Future”. I argue first that a future contingent need not contain locutions such as “will” or cognates and that once this is recognized a trilemma emerges for Todd, putting pressure on him to relinquish one of the book's main aims. Then after noting (Section II) Todd's response to a puzzle A.N. prior had raised for betting on an open‐future style view, I turn (Sections IIIa and IIIb) to his discussion of whether his approach is committed to demanding that ordinary speakers reform their talk about the future. I conclude (Section IV) that the objective of the replacement strategy that Todd recommends could be achieved with less violence to ordinary linguistic practices with the help of a view on which “will” and cognates are polysemous.
Development potential of selenium in the prevention and treatment of bovine endometritis
Authors: Li Hanqing , Dong Junsheng , Wang Zi , Cui Luying , Liu Kangjun , Guo Long , Li Jianji , Wang Heng
Published: June 2024

Endometritis is a common postpartum disease in cows. It delays uterine involution and impairs normal physiological function. This can result in long‐term or even lifelong infertility and cause significant losses to the dairy farming industry. Traditional treatments like antibiotics possess certain shortcomings, such as antibiotic residues, the abuse of antibiotics, and increased antimicrobial resistance of pathogens. Alternative treatment strategies are needed to minimize the utilization of antibiotics in dairy production. As an essential trace element in animals, selenium (Se) plays a vital role in regulating immune function, the inflammatory response, and oxidative stress, affecting the speed and completeness of tissue repair. This paper reviewed previous studies to analyse the potential of Se in the prevention and treatment of bovine endometritis, aiming to provide a new direction to increase production capacity in the future.
When Do Authoritarian Regimes Use Digital Technologies for Covert Repression? A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of Politico‐Economic Conditions
Authors: Daminov Ildar
Published: June 2024

Although autocracies increasingly learn how to integrate digital technologies into their covert repression toolbox, it remains unclear under which conditions they succeed in doing so. While some technologically developed autocracies seldom use covert repression, other technologically underdeveloped autocracies apply significantly more covert repression. This begs the question: what are the necessary and sufficient conditions involving strong digital uptake leading to high levels of covert repression? The paper uses Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to 83 non‐democratic regimes and leverages the 2021 digital repression dataset to answer this question. The findings show that digital uptake interacts with a pre‐existing history of overt repression. In‐depth case illustrations of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan elucidate this argument. The findings also show two other “non‐digital” pathways to high levels of covert repression, providing foundations for future evidence‐based case selection investigating covert repression patterns in autocracies.
Scaling up time–geographic computation for movement interaction analysis
Authors: Liu Yifei , Battersby Sarah , Dodge Somayeh
Published: June 2024

Understanding interactions through movement provides critical insights into urban dynamic, social networks, and wildlife behaviors. With widespread tracking of humans, vehicles, and animals, there is an abundance of large and high‐resolution movement data sets. However, there is a gap in efficient GIS tools for analyzing and contextualizing movement patterns using large movement datasets. In particular, tracing space–time interactions among a group of moving individuals is a computationally demanding task, which would uncover insights into collective behaviors across systems. This article develops a Spark‐based geo‐computational framework through the integration of Esri's ArcGIS GeoAnalytics Engine and Python to optimize the computation of time geography for scaling up movement interaction analysis. The computational framework is then tested using a case study on migratory turkey vultures with over 2 million GPS tracking points across 20 years. The outcomes indicate a drastic reduction in interaction detection time from 14 days to 6 hours, demonstrating a remarkable increase in computational efficiency. This work contributes to advancing GIS computational capabilities in movement analysis, highlighting the potential of GeoAnalytics Engine in processing large spatiotemporal datasets.