bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speech, truth and liberty: Bentham to John Stuart Mill
1
Authors: Niesen Peter
Published: January 2019

Bentham’s Utilitarianism transforms earlier free speech doctrine in the service of the pursuit of truth and the control of government, preserving the distinction between statements of opinion and of fact and awarding the latter a lesser degree of protection. The work of James Mill and the early writings of John Stuart Mill retain this distinction, but their accounts are weighed down by the problems of a direct Utilitarian approach, in their consequentialist balancing of different values against each other, and in their dependence on a majoritarian epistemology and their commitment to a naive progressive optimism. Mill goes on in On Liberty to address and resolve these problems on the basis of a new justification for free speech as free deliberative thought. I argue that, contrary to most interpretations, his new justification leaves untouched the basic distinction between absolutely protected expressions of opinion and only functionally and contingently protected assertions of fact, leaving room for restrictions on factual statements, especially when untrue.
TREATMENT OF THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE AND SPINAL CORD INJURY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Ulrikh Eduard Vladimirovich , Vissarionov Sergey Valentinivich , Mushkin Aleksandr Yuryevich
Published: January 2019

Objective. To assess results of surgical treatment and to develop an optimal management regiment of patients with spine and spinal cord injury. Material and methods. Twenty patients, age 9 to 17 years, with complicated unstable spinal injuries were operated on. Out of them 13patients had severe Frankel grades A, B, C neurological disorders, 7 patients – grades D and Er. Seventeen patients had burst fractures, one – seat-belt injury, and two – fracture-dislocations. Surgery was performed in the first hours following the trauma in 9 patients, within two weeks – in 9, and after 15 days – in two. Burst fractures with grades A, B, C were treated by simultaneous posterior reposition and fixation of the injured segment, and anterior decompression and fusion. Grade D and Er was treated initially by indirect posterior reduction and fixation of the involved segment. If neurological disorders still remained decompression and body fusion were performed. Posterior-lateral decompression and instrumental fixation were performed in cases of seat-belt injuries. Fracture-dislocation was treated by decompression laminoplasty, spinal canal revision, followed by posterior reposition and fixation. Results. Two patients with burst fractures and grade A neurological disorders have shown a regression to the grade D. Dynamics of neurological restoration to grades B and C was observed in 4patients. The patient with grade B has not shown any regression. A positive dynamics with motor function improvement was observed in 4 patients with grade C. Seven patients (6 with burst fractures, 1 with seat-belt trauma) with grade D and Er were operated on within first hours and day after the trauma. First stage of surgical treatment provided elimination of neurological deficit in 5 cases. Two patients with grade D required the second stage. Regression of neurological deficit was not achieved in patients with fracture-dislocations. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of patients with complicated spine and spinal cord injury should be performed within first 6–8 hours after the trauma.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN BONE TISSUE OF THE SPINE AND EXTREMITIES IN OXYS RATS
Authors: Falameeva Olga Viktorovna , Sadovoy Mikhail Anatolyevich , Khrapova Yulia Viktorovna , Kolosova Natalya Gorislavovna
Published: January 2019

Objective. To study specific structural and functional changes in bone tissue in Oxys rats of different age. Material and Methods. Mineral density of bone tissue in Oxys and Wistar male rats at the age of 2–18 months was examined with x-ray bone densitometer LUNAR-Exert-XL (USA). Bone fragments of vertebral bodies and of forelegs and hind legs were studied by histomorphometric assay with software Motic Images Plus 2.0 ML (Micromed, Russia). Results. X-ray bone densitometry findings have shown that bone mineral density increase in Oxys rats does not attain the values shown by age-matched control rats, and progressively decreases after the age of 6 months. Data obtained by histomorphometric analysis of vertebral bodies and limbs have reliably demonstrated that there is a change in quantitative and qualitative bone tissue parameters of Oxys rats which is a characteristic of osteoporosis. Conclusion. Bone tissue changes in Oxys rats correspond to that observed in human osteoporosis, what allows to use rat as a model for the study of osteoporosis pathogenesis and for development of prophylaxis and treatment methods.
Storage of Hydrogen in Activated Carbons and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Doğan E. E. , Tokcan P. , Kizilduman B. K.
Published: January 2019

Activated carbons and carbon nanotube were synthesized with chemical and microwave processes of olive leaf in media with and without ultrasonic waves, and chemical vapor deposition method, respectively. The samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray, and zetasizer nano S90 instruments. The activated carbon synthesized in the ultrasonic bath had a higher surface area. The hydrogen adsorption capacity of carbon structures including activated carbons and carbon nanotube was measured as a function of pressure at 77 K. The hydrogen storage capacity of the carbon nanotube is 300% and 265% higher than the hydrogen storage capacity of activated carbons synthesized in medium without and with ultrasonic waves, respectively. Results showed the correlation between hydrogen storage capacity and specific surface area. The highest H2 storage value was obtained with carbon nanotube at 77 K. As a result, activated carbon and carbon nanotube can be used in hydrogen storage and therefore, the olive leaf can be converted into a high added value product in the energy field.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ni-WC Thermal Sprayed Composite Coatings
Authors: Bober M. , Jakubowski J. , Radziszewski A. , Senkara J.
Published: January 2019

Abstact

The paper presents results of investigations of the microstructure and selected properties of improved composite coatings consisting mainly of nickel matrix reinforced by WC particles. The coatings were obtained by flame spraying of powders mixture on non-alloy steel substrates with following material remelting. Structural investigations were performed using both optical and electron microscopy. The distribution of microhardness and abrasion resistance of deposited coatings were also determined. The complex structure of coatings and resulting high wear withstand are the consequence of an intensive action of liquid matrix with dissolving tungsten carbide particles and formation of secondary phases.
Filaments of galaxies and Voronoi diagrams
Authors: Zaninetti Lorenzo
Published: January 2019

The intersections between a spherical shell and the faces of Voronoi polyhedrons are numerically evaluated. The nodes of these intersections are the points that share the same distances from three nuclei. The nodes are assumed to be the places where we will find clusters of galaxies. The cosmological environment is given by the coupling between the number of galaxies as function of the redshift and the LCDM cosmology.
Does airborne ultrasound lead to activation of the auditory cortex?
Authors: Kühler Robert , Weichenberger Markus , Bauer Martin , Hensel Johannes , Brühl Rüdiger , Ihlenfeld Albrecht , Ittermann Bernd , Sander Tilmann , Kühn Simone , Koch Christian
Published: January 2019

As airborne ultrasound can be found in many technical applications and everyday situations, the question as to whether sounds at these frequencies can be heard by human beings or whether they present a risk to their hearing system is of great practical relevance. To objectively study these issues, the monaural hearing threshold in the frequency range from 14 to 24 kHz was determined for 26 test subjects between 19 and 33 years of age using pure tone audiometry. The hearing threshold values increased strongly with increasing frequency up to around 21 kHz, followed by a range with a smaller slope toward 24 kHz. The number of subjects who could respond positively to the threshold measurements decreased dramatically above 21 kHz. Brain activation was then measured by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and with acoustic stimuli at the same frequencies, with sound pressure levels (SPLs) above and below the individual threshold. No auditory cortex activation was found for levels below the threshold. Although test subjects reported audible sounds above the threshold, no brain activity was identified in the above-threshold case under current experimental conditions except at the highest sensation level, which was presented at the lowest test frequency.
The representation of some phrases in Arabic word semantic vector spaces
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Brychcín Tomáš
Published: January 2019

We demonstrate several ways to use morphological word analogies to examine the representation of complex words in semantic vector spaces. We present a set of morphological relations, each of which can be used to generate many word analogies. 1. We show that the difference-vectors for pairs which have the same relation to each other are similarly aligned. 2. We suggest that addition of difference-vectors is a useful phrase-building operator. 3. We propose that pairs in the same relation may have similar relative frequencies. 4. We suggest that homographs, which necessarily have the same semantic vectors, can sometimes be separated into different vectors for different senses, using frequency estimates and alignment constraints obtained from word analogies. 5. We observe that some of our analogies seem to be parallel, and might be combined. We use Arabic words as a case study, because Arabic orthography includes verb conjugations, object pronouns, definitive articles, possessive pronouns, and some prepositions in single word-forms. Therefore, a number of short phrases, built up of easily perceived constituents, are already present in stock semantic spaces for Arabic available on the web. Similar phrases in English would require including bigrams or trigrams as lemmas in the word embedding, although English derivational morphology allows for other relationships in standard semantic spaces which Arabic does not, for example negation. We make our corpus of morphological relations available to other researchers.
Creativity for Mental Health: Seeking New Answers to an Old Question
Authors: Forgeard Marie
Published: January 2019

Mental health is one of the potential outcomes of creative behavior deserving of further research, as much of previous anecdotal and scientific evidence has offered conflicting findings on this topic. Integrating the expertise and methods used by scholars in different disciplines (e.g., art therapy, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, personality psychology) may help clarify the conditions under which creative behavior is or is not helpful for specific aspects of mental health, and generate new insights into the mechanisms that might explain such benefits.
Reading and Our Life Stories
Authors: Trávníček Jiří
Published: January 2019

This article addresses the topic of reading in the course of life. Its point of departure is the oral-history research carried out between 2009 and 2015 among 138 narrators (informants, respondents, interviewees) across the Czech Republic. The author presents its background, parameters as well as one of its general achievements-four moments of initiations on an axis of our reading life. The first of these takes the form of sociability (being accepted); the second-autonomy (mastering the skill); the third- maturity (being independent), the fourth-reflection (mirroring). What follows from this is the finding that reading undergoes continual development, whether a long continuity or a meandering chain of partial discontinuities. Thus, our oral history-based research shows that being open to the lifetime span provides us with a specific sensitivity towards reading, stressing mainly the fact of its being rooted in particular time-conditioned, life-motivated and purposive situations.
Artificial Neural Network Approach for Modeling of Ni(Ii) Adsorption from Aqueous Solution by Peanut Shell
Authors: Yildiz Sayiter
Published: January 2019

In this study, ANN (artificial neural network) model was applied to estimate the Ni(II) removal efficiency of peanut shell based on batch adsorption tests. The effects of initial pH, metal concentrations, temperature, contact time and sorbent dosage were determined. Also, COD (chemical oxygen demand) was measured to evaluate the possible adverse effects of the sorbent during the tests performed with varying temperature, pH and sorbent dosage. COD was found as 96.21 mg/dm3 at pH 2 and 54.72 mg/dm3 at pH 7. Also, a significant increase in COD value was observed with increasing dosage of the used sorbent. COD was found as 12.48 mg/dm3 after use of 0.05 g sorbent and as 282.78 mg/dm3 after use of 1 g sorbent. During isotherm studies, the highest regression coefficient (R
2) value was obtained with Freundlich isotherm (R
2 = 0.97) for initial concentration and with Temkin isotherm for sorbent dosage. High pseudo-second order kinetic model regression constants were observed (R
2 = 0.95-0.99) during kinetic studies with varying pH values. In addition, Ni(II) ion adsorption on peanut shell was further defined with pseudo-second order kinetic model, since qe
values in the second order kinetic equation were very close to the experimental values. The relation between the estimated results of the built ANN model and the experimental results were used to evaluate the success of ANN modeling. Consequently, experimental results of the study were found to be in good agreement with the estimated results of the model.
Variation is information: Analyses of variation across items, participants, time, and methods in metalinguistic judgment data
Authors: Verhagen Véronique , Mos Maria , Schilperoord Joost , Backus Ad
Published: January 2019

In a usage-based framework, variation is part and parcel of our linguistic experiences, and therefore also of our mental representations of language. In this article, we bring attention to variation as a source of information. Instead of discarding variation as mere noise, we examine what it can reveal about the representation and use of linguistic knowledge. By means of metalinguistic judgment data, we demonstrate how to quantify and interpret four types of variation: variation across items, participants, time, and methods. The data concern familiarity ratings assigned by 91 native speakers of Dutch to 79 Dutch prepositional phrases such asin de tuin‘in the garden’ andrond de ingang‘around the entrance’. Participants performed the judgment task twice within a period of one to two weeks, using either a 7-point Likert scale or a Magnitude Estimation scale. We explicate the principles according to which the different types of variation can be considered information about mental representation, and we show how they can be used to test hypotheses regarding linguistic representations.
The Listening of two Piazzas in Rome
Authors: Tedeschini Lalli Laura , Magrone Paola
Published: January 2019

We report on the soundscape of Piazza Fontana di Trevi and Piazza Testaccio, gathering places in Rome. Soundscape is a realm of research about the interactions between cultural, cognitive and physical aspects of sound in space, still yielding interesting open questions.We performed perceptive surveys and instrument measurements, carefully spatialized in both cases. The perceptive results concern the recognizability of a particular sound in a conglomerate of sounds across an urban space and the sense of bodily orientation given by sound. They are proposed via verbal narratives and original visualizations of the place. We then use computer models to validate some of the perceived (unexpected) spatial perceptive features, by a ray-tracer simulation. The point of the paper is in fact to compare methods about sound in space, starting from perceptive evaluations, to drive objective analysis and collection of data toward new aspects, and always pursuing spatialization of data.
Construction of new solitary wave solutions of generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony and simplified modified form of Camassa-Holm equations
Authors: Lu Dianchen , Seadawy Aly R. , Iqbal Mujahid
Published: January 2019

In this research work, for the first time we introduced and described the new method, which is modified extended auxiliary equation mapping method. We investigated the new exact traveling and families of solitary wave solutions of two well-known nonlinear evaluation equations, which are generalized Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony and simplified modified forms of Camassa-Holm equations. We used a new technique and we successfully obtained the new families of solitary wave solutions. As a result, these new solutions are obtained in the form of elliptic functions, trigonometric functions, kink and antikink solitons, bright and dark solitons, periodic solitary wave and traveling wave solutions. These new solutions show the power and fruitfulness of this new method. We can solve other nonlinear partial differential equations with the use of this method.
Effect of magnetic field and heat source on Upper-convected-maxwell fluid in a porous channel
Authors: Khan Zeeshan , Rasheed Haroon Ur , Alkanhal Tawfeeq Abdullah , Ullah Murad , Khan Ilyas , Tlili Iskander
Published: January 2019

The effect of magnetic field on the flow of the UCMF (Upper-Convected-Maxwell Fluid) with the property of a heat source/sink immersed in a porous medium is explored. A shrinking phenomenon along with the permeability of the wall are considered. The governing equations for the motion and transfer of heat of the UC MF along with boundary conditions are converted into a set of coupled nonlinear mathematical equations. Appropriate similarity transformations are used to convert the set of nonlinear partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The modeled ordinary differential equations have been solved by the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The convergence of the series solution is established. For the sake of comparison, numerical (ND-Solve method) solutions are also obtained. Special attention is given to how the non-dimensional physical parameters of interest affect the flow of the UCMF. It is observed that with the increasing Deborah number the velocity decreases and the temperature inside the fluid increases. The results show that the velocity and temperature distribution increases with a porous medium. It is also observed that the magnetic parameter has a decelerating effect on velocity while the temperature profiles increases in the entire domain. Due to the increase in Prandtl number the temperature profile increases. It is also observed that the heat source enhance the thermal conductivity and increases the fluid temperature while the heat sink provides a decrease in the fluid temperature.
Bewertung subjektiver und automatisierter Merkmalsextraktion periodischer Zeitsignale am Beispiel des 3MA-X8-Verfahrens
Authors: Youssef Sargon , Zimmer Cyril , Szielasko Klaus , Schütze Andreas
Published: January 2019

Die mikromagnetischen zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren bedienen sich der gegenseitigen Abhängigkeit der magnetischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften ferromagnetischer Werkstoffe. Änderungen in Härte, Zugfestigkeit und Streckgrenze, aber auch Last- und Eigenspannungen schlagen sich in Änderungen von Merkmalen der magnetischen Hysteresekurve nieder (beispielsweise Koerzitivfeldstärke, Remanenz und Permeabilität). Die direkte Bestimmung der magnetischen Hysterese ist in der Praxis auf klassische Weise jedoch meist nicht möglich, teilweise aufgrund der hohen Messzeit, teilweise aufgrund der Notwendigkeit, wohldefiniert geformte Proben entnehmen zu müssen, um die Flussdichte über eine probenumfassende Spule messen zu können. Das am Fraunhofer-Institut für Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren IZFP entwickelte 3MA-X8-Verfahren (3MA = Mikromagnetische Multiparameter Mikrostruktur und Spannungs-Analyse) bestimmt insgesamt 21 Merkmale, die indirekt Hysteresemerkmale abbilden. Die Extraktion dieser Merkmale basiert überwiegend auf subjektiven Unterschieden in den Messkurven. Die Aufnahme dieser Merkmale erfolgt mit Hilfe eines Prüfkopfes in Aufsatztechnik mit hoher Messgeschwindigkeit in Echtzeit. Bei Klassifizierungs- bzw. Interpolationsproblemen werden diese Merkmale je nach Aufgabenstellung entweder mit Hilfe eines Nächste-Nachbar-Klassifikators bzw. einer multiplen linearen Regression zur zerstörungsfreien Vorhersage von Werkstoffeigenschaften verwendet. Auch kleinere Messeffekte, wie z. B. Zugspannungen, lassen sich hierdurch zwar vorhersagen, bei überlagerten Einflüssen, wie der Verwendung verschiedener Werkstoffe (z. B. 100Cr6, C45 und S235 im normalisierten Zustand) verschlechtert sich die Vorhersagequalität jedoch unter Umständen dramatisch. Es besteht jedoch die Möglichkeit, dass geringe, aber signifikante Messeffekte übersehen werden. Die im Rahmen dieser Veröffentlichung vorgestellte automatisierte Merkmalsextraktion bietet die Möglichkeit, Merkmale auch mit kleinem Messeffekt zur Zielgröße unabhängig vom Beobachter zu extrahieren und dadurch die Vorhersagequalität von Werkstoffeigenschaften auch bei überlagerten Einflüssen, wie z. B. der Verwendung verschiedener Werkstoffe, zu verbessern.
What Health System Challenges Should Responsible Innovation in Health Address? Insights From an International Scoping Review
Authors: Lehoux Pascale , Roncarolo Federico , Silva Hudson Pacifico , Boivin Antoine , Denis Jean-Louis , Hébert Réjean
Published: January 2019

Background: While responsible innovation in health (RIH) suggests that health innovations could be purposefully designed to better support health systems, little is known about the system-level challenges that it should address. The goal of this paper is thus to document what is known about health systems’ demand for innovations. Methods: We searched 8 databases to perform a scoping review of the scientific literature on health system challenges published between January 2000 and April 2016. The challenges reported in the articles were classified using the dynamic health system framework. The countries where the studies had been conducted were grouped using the human development index (HDI). Frequency distributions and qualitative content analysis were performed. Results: Up to 1391 challenges were extracted from 254 articles examining health systems in 99 countries. Across countries, the most frequently reported challenges pertained to: service delivery (25%), human resources (23%), and leadership and governance (21%). Our analyses indicate that innovations tend to increase challenges associated to human resources by affecting the nature and scope of their tasks, skills and responsibilities, to exacerbate service delivery issues when they are meant to be used by highly skilled providers and call for accountable governance of their dissemination, use and reimbursement. In countries with a low and medium HDI, problems arising with infrastructure, logistics and equipment were described in connection with challenges affecting procurement, supply and distribution systems. In countries with a medium and high HDI, challenges included a growing demand for drugs and new technology and the management of rising costs. Across all HDI groups, the need for flexible information technologies (IT) solutions to reach rural areas was underscored. Conclusion: Highlighting challenges that are common across countries, this study suggests that RIH should aim to reduce the cost of innovation production processes and attend not only to the requirements of the immediate clinical context of use, but also to the vulnerabilities of the broader system wherein innovations are deployed. Policy-makers should translate system-level demand signals into innovation development opportunities since it is imperative to foster innovations that contribute to the success and sustainability of health systems.
Late presentation of pregnant women with chromosomal abnormalities: A barrier to legal and safe abortions in Muslim majority countries
Authors: Taghavi Simin , Alikhah Hossein , Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari Mohammad , Barband Sharareh , Mohammadi Sahar , Naghavi-Behzad Mohammad
Published: January 2019

Introduction: In Islamic countries, the prenatal diagnostic procedures are planned considering legal and religious limitations. We aimed to evaluate the indications of presentation and problems related to religious and legal limitations for presentation of Muslim parents for prenatal screening of chromosomal abnormalities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on consecutive 920 pregnant women presenting for screening of congenital and chromosomal anomalies to Educational Medical Centers of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, between 2011 and 2015. Previously prepared questionnaire forms were utilized for collection of information from patients and their medical records. Results: In total, 153 cases had an indication for amniocentesis, and this procedure revealed that 141 fetuses (92.2%) did not have any congenital abnormalities, but 12 cases (7.8%) had some sort of abnormality, requiring pregnancy termination. These cases included 8 fetuses (5.2%) with trisomy and four (2.6%) with single gene diseases. Of 12 patients, the justifications for pregnancy termination were issued for 7 women by the provincial Legal Medicine Organization. However, the remaining 5 patients could not obtain legal justifications for termination of their pregnancies, mostly because of late presentation, obligating them to choose illegal methods for pregnancy termination. Conclusion: Regarding the legal and religious limitation of pregnancy termination after 18th week in Islamic countries, it is highly recommended that the first trimester screening programs be performed in Islamic countries in order to obtain early decision-making.
The diagnostic value of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, carcinoembryonic antigen, and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in gastric cancer
Authors: Estakhri Rasoul , Masnadi Shirazi Kourosh , Ghojazadeh Morteza , Ghazisoltani Gilda , Azimpouran Mahzad , Fattahi Sepideh , Farshbafi Nezhad Zoghi Jalal , Karkon Shayan Farid , Ghamari Behnaz
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Gastric cancer is a rather common malignancy worldwide and a major healthcare system issue. Lately, the importance of biomarkers such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been demonstrated in the diagnosis of various gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of MIF, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in gastric cancer. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 84 patients with gastric cancer referred to the gastroenterology clinic of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and 80 healthy individuals were enrolled. Serum levels of MIF, CEA, and CA 19-9 were measured in both groups. Further, the grade and stage of the cancer were determined in in the patient group. Results: Serum levels of all three MIF, CEA, and CA 19-9 biomarkers in patients with gastric cancer were significantly higher than those of the control group (P = 0.001). However, no statistically significant correlations were found between the studied biomarkers with the tumor grade and stage. The MIF cut-off point for the diagnosis of gastric cancer was found to be 7.05 pg/ml and its sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 73.8%, respectively. Conclusion: MIF biomarker may involve in the pathogenesis and development of gastric cancer and it is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic marker in this malignancy.
Evaluation of polymorphism of P53 protein codon 72 in oral lichen planus by PCR technique
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyed Hosein , Sheikhha Mohammad Hasan , Karbasi Mahammad Hasan Akhavan , zarmehi sedighe , Hoseini Mehdi
Published: January 2019

Background. Our research was aimed to study p53 protein codon 72 polymorphism, a single base pair change of either arginine (Arg; CGC) or proline (Pro; CCC) that creates 3 distinct genotypes in reticular oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison to oral SCC which is the most common oral mucosal malignancy as positive control and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) lesion as negative control. Methods. Seventy paraffin-embedded tissue samples (30 OLP, 20 OSCC and 20 IFH) were studied. DNA was purified and amplified using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction to detect polymorphism. The final amplified products were identified using gel electrophoresis. Data were analyzed using chi-squared test and odds ratio. Results. The mean ages in the OLP, OSCC and IFH groups were 43.28, 58.2 and 53.47 years, respectively, with significant differences. There were no significant differences in gender between the three groups (P=0.413); however, the differences in genotypes and alleles were significant between the three groups (P=0.021 and P=0.030, respectively). By considering IFH as a reference, the frequency of proline allele in OLP and OSCC was significantly higher than that of arginine allele (P=0.015 and P=0.028, respectively). In addition, by considering OSCC as a reference and at P=1, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of alleles between OSCC and OLP. Conclusion. The results might indicate the premalignant potential of OLP, and such polymorphism might be a genetic predisposing factor for conversion of OLP to OSCC. In addition, in the subjects evaluated the proline allele was considered a risk factor.
Effect of cement type and thickness on push-out bond strength of fiber posts
Authors: Farid Farzaneh , Rostami Khadijeh , Habibzadeh Sareh , Kharazifard MohammadJavad
Published: January 2019

Background. This study investigated the effect of the thickness of two resin cements on push-out bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin. Methods. Sixty decoronated single-rooted teeth were endodontically treated. The specimens were then randomly allocated to two groups (n=30); group 1: drill size 90 w, matching the size of fiber posts used; group 2: drill size 110, larger than the posts. The specimens in each group were divided into 2 subgroups (n=15); subgroup SE, in which the posts were cemented with self-etch Panavia F2.0 and subgroup SA, in which self-adhesive Panavia cement was used. After 72 hours, 2 slices with 1 mm of thickness were prepared from the mid-root of each specimen. Push-out bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and t-test. Results. The mean bond strengths of the posts cemented in matched-size spaces for SE and SA groups were 4.02±1.6 and 4.12±2.3 MPa, respectively. For posts cemented in oversized spaces, the values were 4.9±2.3 and 2.8±1.3 MPa, respectively. In matched-size spaces, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion. The results of this study suggested that increasing the cement thickness would reduce the bond strength of fiber posts to root dentin when self-adhesive cements are used; however, self-etch adhesives were not affected.
Therapeutic Potency of PI3K Pharmacological Inhibitors of Gastrointestinal Cancer
Authors: Hashemzadeh Kamelia , Jokar Mohammad Hassan , Sedighi Sima , Moradzadeh Maliheh
Published: January 2019

Therapeutic targeting of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is considered as a possible strategy in several types of cancer, including gastrointestinal ones. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated the significance of proapoptotic and antiproliferative inhibition of PI3K. Although there are many phase 1 and 2 clinical trials on PI3K inhibitors in patients with gastrointestinal cancer, the molecular mechanism of PI3K targeting PI3K/ mTOR pathway is not clear. Panclass I, isoformselective, and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors are under investigation. This review aimed to indicate PI3K-dependent targeting mechanisms in gastrointestinal cancer and the evaluation of related clinical data.
Hepatitis B Vaccine Acceptability among Nurses: A Theory Based Conceptualization
Authors: Mirzaei Alavijeh Mehdi , Vaezi Masoumeh , Jalilian Farzad
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B is the most common occupational disease in health care providers. It can be followed by several complications. The aim of this study was to determine the cognitive determinants of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination Acceptability among nurses based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 330 nurses in educational hospitals of Kermanshah city, during 2016. Samples were randomly selected with the proportional to size among different educational hospitals in Kermanshah. A structured questionnaire was applied for collecting data and data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16 by using bivariate correlations and logistic regression statistical tests. RESULTS The mean age of the respondents was 30.5 years [SD: 6.62]. About, 58.5% of the participants reported to have completed (three times) vaccination of HB. Female nurses were more likely to be fully vaccinated against HB than male nurses, with adjusted odds ratio estimate of 2.507 [95% CI: 1.523-4.125] and those who had family or friends with a history of HB with odds ratio estimate of 3.706 [95% CI: 1.317-10.425], making these the most influential predictive determinants for full uptake (three time) of HB vaccination. Among the HBM variables: perceived threat with odds ratio estimate of 1.264 [95% CI: 1.160-1.376], perceived self-efficacy with odds ratio estimate of 1.179 [95% CI: 1.020-1.363], and cues to action with odds ratio estimate of 1.335 [95% CI: 1.015-1.756], were the more influential predictors of full uptake (three time) of HB vaccination. CONCLUSION To development uptake vaccination programs promotion in addition to focusing on male nurses, using the results of the predictive constructs include; perceived threat perceived self-efficacy suggested. Based on our result, it seems that development and implementation of health promotion programs to increase threat about side effect of HB and self-efficacy regarding HB vaccination uptake may be usefulness of the findings to promotion of vaccination of HB.
GC-MS Analysis, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening of Volatile Oil of Lepidium vesicarium
Authors: Asnaashari Solmaz , Keshavarz Simin , Delazar Abbas , Sarvari Yaser , Asgharian Parina
Published: January 2019

Background: Lepidium vesicarium (Cruciferae), one of the important medicinal plants with a long history of medicinal use. The current study was designed to evaluate the free radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities of the L. vesicarium EO as one of the Iranian plant species. Methods: The compositions of the EO from the aerial parts of L. vesicarium were analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID. Furthermore, anti-oxidant and anti-microbial potentials were investigated via DPPH reagent and disk diffusion procedure, respectively. Results: A total of 18 compounds amounting 97.70% of the oil have been identified, while Benzyl cyanide (43.94%), Isothio cyanic acid (22.69%) and Benzyl isothio cyanate (20.69%) were the main constituents. The EO showed no activity against the free radicals and studied microbial strains (gram positive and gram negative and also fungi species). Conclusion: On the whole, the presence of cyanide derivatives in studied EO revealed the rational use of this plant in medicine. Comparing with other genesis of Lepidium, anti-oxidant and anti -microbial properties of L. vesicarium essential oil were not noticeable.
Development of a Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatographic Method with Indirect UV Detection for Pregabalin Determination in Serum Samples
Authors: Sargazi Hamid Reza , Tamizi Elnaz , Rahimpour Elaheh , Jouyban Abolghasem
Published: January 2019

Background: A micellar electrokinetic chromatographic (MEKC)/ indirect UV detection method with hydrodynamic and electrokinetic injection has been developed for the determination of pregabalin in the serum samples. Methods: Separation of the drug was achieved on Agilent capillary electrophorese in less than 5 min using a 50 cm × 75 μm i.d. uncoated fused-silica capillary and a background electrolyte (BGE) consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, 10 mmol L-1), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 1 mmol L-1) and tri-sodium citrate (4% w/v). The influence of various parameters on the separation such as separation voltage, injection time, cassette temperature, pH of BGE and organic modifier was investigated. Results: Method validation shown good linearity (R2> 0.999) in the range of 1.5-100 µg mL-1 of pregabalin. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.8 μg mL-1 and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 2.6 μg mL-1 were reported for pregabalin. Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be suitable and accurate for the determination of pregabalin in serum samples.
DMT for Load-Settlement Curve Prediction in a Tropical Sandy Soil Compared to Plate Load Tests
Authors: Dos Santos Roberto A. , Rocha Breno P. , Giacheti Heraldo L.
Published: January 2019

The flat dilatometer test (DMT) has been used as an accurate in situ site investigation tool for foundation settlement prediction. However, few investigations have assessed its performance in settlement prediction in unusual soils. In addition, very little work has been performed to obtain a complete load-settlement prediction curve. This article assesses an approach that uses the DMT to obtain a complete load-settlement prediction curve at a tropical sandy soil site under both natural and inundated conditions. DMTs, plate load tests, and oedometer tests were carried out in these two moisture conditions at the experimental research site located in Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil. The obtained data showed good agreement between the load-settlement curve predicted by the DMT and those determined by the plate load tests at four different depths and two soil conditions. The presented interpretation method based on DMT data worked well to predict the complete load-settlement curve at an unusual soil site at different depths and soil moisture content conditions.
Distinct Neural Mechanisms of Spatial Attention and Expectation Guide Perceptual Inference in a Multisensory World
Authors: Zuanazzi Arianna , Noppeney Uta
Published: January 2019

Spatial attention (i.e., task-relevance) and expectation (i.e., signal probability) are two critical top-down mechanisms guiding perceptual inference. Spatial attention prioritizes processing of information at task-relevant locations. Spatial expectations encode the statistical structure of the environment. An unresolved question is how the brain allocates attention and forms expectations in a multisensory environment, where task-relevance and signal probability over space can differ across sensory modalities. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in human participants (female and male) to investigate whether the brain encodes task-relevance and signal probability over space separately or interactively across sensory modalities. In a novel multisensory paradigm, we manipulated spatial attention and expectation selectively in audition and assessed their effects on behavioral and neural responses to auditory and visual stimuli. Our results show that both auditory and visual stimuli increased activations in a right-lateralized frontoparietal system, when they were presented at locations that were task-irrelevant in audition. Yet, only auditory stimuli increased activations in the medial prefrontal cortex when presented at expected locations and in audiovisual and frontoparietal cortices signaling a prediction error when presented at unexpected locations. This dissociation in multisensory generalization for attention and expectation effects shows that the brain controls attentional resources interactively across the senses but encodes the statistical structure of the environment as spatial expectations independently for each sensory system. Our results demonstrate that spatial attention and expectation engage partly overlapping neural systems via distinct mechanisms to guide perceptual inference in a multisensory world.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn our natural environment the brain is exposed to a constant influx of signals through all our senses. How does the brain allocate attention and form spatial expectations in this multisensory environment? Because observers need to respond to stimuli regardless of their sensory modality, they may allocate attentional resources and encode the probability of events jointly across the senses. This psychophysics and neuroimaging study shows that the brain controls attentional resources interactively across the senses via a frontoparietal system but encodes the statistical structure of the environment independently for each sense in sensory and frontoparietal areas. Thus, spatial attention and expectation engage partly overlapping neural systems via distinct mechanisms to guide perceptual inference in a multisensory world.
CHARACTER BUILDING PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI METODE PARENTING DI LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA
Authors: Nuraeni Neng Sri
Published: January 2019

Pendidikan sejak usia dini kepada anak-anak merupakan salah satu cara untuk membentuk karakter dan kepribadian anak untuk masa yang akan datang. Anak – anak yang memiliki kecerdasan yang baik biasanya akan memiliki karakter yang baik pula. Setiap orang tua pasti ingin anaknya kelak dapat berguna dan memiliki masa depan yang baik. Masa depan yang baik akan bisa tercapai jika anak diberikan pembelajaran tata krama dan juga kemandirian yang tepat. Kebiasaan – kebiasaan yang baik akan membantu anak – anak untuk bisa hidup dengan baik dan sehat. Anak anak sejak masa bayi hingga usia prasekolah memiliki lingkungan tunggal, yaitu keluarga. Oleh sebab itu tidak mengherankan jika dikatakan bahwa kebiasaan yang dimiliki anak - anak sebagian besar terbentuk oleh pendidikan dalam keluarga, sejak dari bangun tidur hingga saat tidur kembali, anak-anak  menerima pengaruh dan pendidikan dari lingkungan terutama keluarga. Sehingga pendidikan dalam keluarga merupakan inti dan fondasi dari upaya pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Pendidikan dalam keluarga yang baik akan menjadi fondasi yang kokoh bagi upaya upaya pendidikan selanjutnya baik di sekolah maupun di luar sekolah. Berbagai macam cara akan dilakukan oleh orang tua untuk bisa membimbing anaknya ke arah yang baik. salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan oleh orang tua dirumah adalah dengan menerapkan metode Parenting.  Akhir-akhir ini munculnya istilah Parenting menjadi paradigma baru untuk para orang tua dalam mendidik anak serta menumbuhkan karakter pada anak. Pada dasarnya metode parenting tersebut adalah salah satu cara mendidik anak, yang erat kaitannya dengan konsep pendidikan.
AL KAAFFAH BRAIN SEBAGAI MODEL PENDIDIKAN MENGATASI KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN
Authors: Yusuf Sitti Rabiah
Published: January 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan antara dua pemahaman yang saling berbeda atau menyatukan variasi pemikiran yang berbeda dalam satu pemahaman yang utuh melalui konsep pemikiran holistik atau disebut al Kaaffah Brain. Manfaatnya adalah untuk memperkuat peran pendidikan dalam menyelesaikan berbagai masalah. Al Kaaffah Brain adalah sebuah konsep atau gagasan pendidikan yang dihasilkan dari gabungan sifat penelitian kualitatif dan penelitian kuantitatif. Konsep ini melalui pengamatan yang mendalam terhadap berbagai teks dan kehidupan sosial di lingkungan sekitar berupa al-Qur’an, hadis, buku-buku pendidikan, pengalaman, pemberitaan di media, tulisan-tulisan organisasi dan aksi-aksi sosial. Gagasan ini terus sedang dieksperimen dan dievaluasi. Landasan teori yang digunakan yaitu teori pembelajaran otak kanan, teori kreativitas, teori tafsir, teori penelitian dan pendidikan. Pemikiran holistik sensitif pula terhadap masalah kekerasan terhadap perempuan dan anak. Salah satu wujudnya dengan membangun kesadaran melalui integritas kurikulum dan perubahan frekuensi dakwah. Menyatukan al-Qur’an dan ilmu pengetahuan sebagai landasan dalam berfikir terhadap semua materi belajar khususnya materi aktivitas dosen yang memiliki peran penting membentuk guru di sekolah maupun guru di lingkungan sosial. Penceramah atau pendakwah tidak menjadikan dakwah sebagai jalan mencari rezki tapi rezki sebagai jalan untuk berdakwah. Dosen, guru,orang tua dan penceramah bersama-sama pada satu tujuan yaitu Islam dalam makna keselamatan.
Modalidades de carreira e formas de reconversão da militância político-partidária
Authors: Vieira Bergson Morais , Oliveira Wilson José Ferreira de
Published: January 2019

A sociologia política tem dedicado notória atenção aos estudos relacionados ao processo de seleção e recrutamento daqueles que formam o corpo dirigente dos partidos políticos. Esses trabalhos demonstram uma relação estreita entre posição ocupada e posse de determinantes sociais, à exemplo das origens sociais, inserção em espaços de socialização, ocupação profissional entre outros. Seguindo essa linha de estudos, o trabalho ora proposto analisa três diferentes padrões de carreira que conduzem alguns atores a ocupação de postos de liderança político-partidária. A estratégia teórico-metodológica aqui adotada permitiu apreender diferentes modalidades de carreira e de reconversão de recursos variados e a compreensão dos mecanismos que transformam os diversos recursos sociais, escolares e profissionais em “trunfos” que permite a inserção dos líderes aqui considerados aos postos de comando disponíveis no partido. O universo empírico do qual se trata esse texto é composto pelos líderes do Partido Verde, seccional Sergipe. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, cujas informações foram acessadas por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas.
Evolúciós pszichológia újratöltve: Magyarázatok, cáfolatok, Perspektívák
Authors: Bereczkei Tamás
Published: January 2019

Az evolúciós pszichológia, tagadhatatlan sikerei ellenére, nem tudott megszabadulni azoktól az alapvető metaelméleti problémáktól, amelyek színre lépése óta mindig is terhelték: kizárólagosságigénye, cáfolhatatlanság, az evolúciós környezet bizonytalansága. Az evolúciós pszichológia az elmúlt évtizedben azonban komoly átrendeződést mutat: az adaptív mintázatok keresése helyett a proximatív mechanizmusok kutatása felé fordul. Az a véleményem, hogy úgy tudjuk megakadályozni a spekulációk „gyártását” és úgy tudjuk növelni az evolúciós megközelítés hitelességét, hogy teljes erővel a közvetítő folyamatokra koncentrálunk, és az adaptácionista logika csupán egyfajta alapként, de nem végső (ultimatív), főleg pedig nem egyetlen magyarázatként szerepel. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a szóban forgó élettani és pszichológiai mechanizmusokra tett predikciók eredményesen szembesíthetők a rendelkezésre álló empirikus adatokkal. Ebben persze az is komoly szerepet játszik, hogy az evolúciós pszichológia komoly önkorlátozást végzett az elmúlt évtizedben, amennyiben megszabadult attól a kezdeti vágyától, hogy mindent megmagyarázzon és mindenre ő adja a „végső” választ. Ezzel mára teljes értékű, hiteles tagja lett a pszichológiai tudományoknak.