bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The stickiness of unequal housework sharing: Limited effects of couples' ideological pairings
Authors: Nitsche Natalie , Grunow Daniela , Hudde Ansgar
Published: February 2025

Objective

The study aimed to investigate how couples' ideological pairings, defined as partners' joint attitudes toward gendered housework responsibilities, influence their division of housework.

Background

Drawing from gender structure theory and integrating sociological concepts of doing and undoing gender with economic resource theories, this study tested an interactional couple‐level mechanism to predict changes in housework sharing. It was hypothesized that partners' ideological pairings would predict variation in housework sharing and moderate the relationship between changes in partners' relative economic resources and housework sharing.

Method

The sample of 3045 couples (followed for 11,674 couple years) was derived from the German Panel Study of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics. Growth curve models and fixed‐effects panel regression were used to estimate housework‐sharing trajectories based on couples' ideological pairings and to assess whether these pairings moderated the impact of changes in partners' relative earnings on housework sharing.

Results

Couples with joint egalitarian attitudes shared housework most equally, whereas those with joint traditional attitudes shared it most unequally. Couples with mismatched attitudes fell in between. Only joint egalitarian couples adjusted their housework sharing following significant changes in the partners' relative earnings, although the effect sizes were small.

Conclusions

Ideological pairings are instrumental in understanding the gendered division of housework and moderate how couples adjust to relative earnings changes. However, gender inequality in housework sharing remains relatively persistent within current gender structures.
Are Transfer Payments Stimulative?—Sometimes
Authors: Ahmed M. Iqbal , Anaman George , Cassou Steven P.
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the stimulative effects of transfer payments on macroeconomic aggregates using impulse response functions, forecast error variance decompositions, and spending multipliers in state‐dependent time series econometric models. It is shown that under symmetric response assumptions, positive transfer payment impulses lead to positive effects on gross domestic product, personal income and personal consumption. However, when an asymmetry linked to economic conditions is used, it is found that transfer payment effects are asymmetric and have significant positive effects on macroeconomic variables during economic recessions but are not very stimulative during economic expansions. A deeper analysis shows that the stimulus effects during economic recessions results primarily from the recent special programs undertaken during the Great Recession and the COVID‐19 recession. These results indicate that policy which uses transfer payments as economic stimulus for the economy during expansionary economic conditions will not see much benefit. Furthermore, transfer payment policy expansions during recessionary economic conditions do not offer much stimulus except when the programs are unusually large as seen during the Great Recession and the COVID recession. Results for forecast error variance decompositions and spending multipliers reinforce these findings. Transfer payment programs are often motivated by both the benefits to recipients, and the stimulative benefit to the economy. These results show that, outside of the periods where extraordinary transfer payment expansions occur, the economic stimulus effects of transfer payment programs are small and that transfer payments should only be motivated by the benefits to the recipients.
Use of essential versus nonessential fatty acids during flight in monarch butterflies: Implications for the importance of nectaring during migration
Authors: Anparasan Libesha , McNeil Jeremy N. , Hobson Keith A.
Published: February 2025

Many insect species are migratory, but migration is energetically costly, leading to a trade‐off between migration and subsequent reproduction. Of importance to the allocation of resources to migration and reproduction is the relative use of essential and nonessential fatty acids. How different ecological conditions experienced by individuals affect differential allocation of nutrients has not been well explored, especially in insects. Our goal was to evaluate how reproductive (summer) and migratory (fall) rearing conditions affect the source and allocation patterns of fatty acids used during experimental flights (0–6 h) in monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.). We used larval and adult diets manipulated isotopically (δ13C) and chromatographic analyses to determine fatty acid composition and source in the fat body. C4 versus C3 carbohydrate feeding increased the δ13C value of lipids in monarchs (−31.2‰ vs. −22.1‰) and increased total fatty acid concentrations reflecting lipid synthesis during adult feeding. Fuel use during flight differed, with essential fatty acids being more conserved in fall versus summer conditions (21% vs. 32% loss, respectively), indicating that the environmental cues responsible for the onset of migration result in physiological changes that modify lipid use. Frequency of stopovers for nectar and nectar quality available during migration will influence the capacity of monarchs to conserve essential fatty acids up to and through the migration and overwintering period.
How Far has Globalization Gone? A Tale of Two Regions
Authors: Campos Rodolfo G. , Pienknagura Samuel , Timini Jacopo
Published: February 2025

We study the evolution of trade globalization in Latin America and Asia over the period 1995–2018 and quantify its economic impact. Using structural a gravity estimation, we estimate a proxy of trade globalization that captures the ease of trading internationally with respect to trading domestically. Results indicate similar trade globalization patterns between the two regions, but a great degree of heterogeneity within them. Trade globalization has been particularly strong in agriculture, mining, and manufacturing, but has lagged in services. Next, we quantify the economic implications of the estimated globalization trends. Simulations of a multi‐country four‐sector trade model point to heterogeneous long‐term impacts of globalization on GDP—some countries exhibiting substantial gains and others experiencing large losses—, with no single sector playing a preponderant role.
Food systems see fish, not fisheries and aquaculture
Authors: Tezzo Xavier
Published: February 2025

This paper contends that dropping the wild–farmed binary from development thinking and replacing it with a singular understanding of food fish can fundamentally change the way we understand and govern fish production landscapes. I articulate such a perspective by elaborating the key processes shaping and linking fish production, distribution, and consumption in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar. By reflecting critically on fisheries and aquaculture development projects in this space, I open up avenues for reflection on how development policy and action could deliver aquatic food security in a more equitable and sustainable way.
A game of chutes and ladders: Gender and aspirational resources during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Abromaviciute Jurgita , Carian Emily K. , Mickey Ethel
Published: February 2025

Career aspirations shape career pathways and long‐term outcomes and contribute to gender inequality. We examine how the sudden disruption of structural conditions during the COVID‐19 pandemic differentially affected the career aspirations of working mothers and fathers. We bridge literatures on work–family conflict and gendered career aspirations to consider which job structures and family arrangements served as aspirational resources that supported career goals during this time of uncertainty. Using interview data from 62 matched, different‐gender, dual‐career spouses raising young children, we find that mothers' career aspirations more often contracted or became less accomplishable compared to fathers'. Importantly, we find that job security, standardized career ladders, and access to and decision to use paid childcare functioned as aspirational resources for women: mothers in secure jobs with career ladders and fewer childcare responsibilities could maintain their career plans. In contrast, even fathers in ladderless, insecure jobs could expand their career aspirations in some cases, as they tended to rely on their spouses' (or paid) household labor as an aspirational resource. Our findings demonstrate how gender, job structures, and household arrangements intersect in shaping career aspirations during times of broad social disruption, ultimately advantaging men and disadvantaging women.
Sometimes tame, sometimes wild: Weak continuity
Authors: Sanders Sam
Published: February 2025

Continuity is one of the most central notions in mathematics, physics and computer science. An interesting associated topic is decompositions of continuity, where continuity is shown to be equivalent to the combination of two or more weak continuity notions. In this paper, we study the logical properties of basic theorems about weakly continuous functions, like the supremum principle for the unit interval. We establish that most weak continuity notions are as tame as continuity, that is, the supremum principle can be proved from the relatively weak arithmetical comprehension axiom only. By contrast, for seven ‘wild’ weak continuity notions, the associated supremum principle yields rather strong axioms, including Feferman's projection principle, full second‐order arithmetic or Kleene's associated quantifier . Working in Kohlenbach's higher‐order Reverse Mathematics, we also obtain elegant equivalences in various cases and obtain similar results for for example, Riemann integration. We believe these results to be of interest to mainstream mathematics as they cast new light on the distinction of ‘ordinary mathematics’ versus ‘foundations of mathematics/set theory’.
Improving transfer function measurements for three-dimensionally printed waveguides using a sand layer
Authors: Blandin Rémi , Häsner Patrick , Birkholz Peter
Published: February 2025

The reciprocity principle is widely used for acoustic measurements, including three-dimensionally printed waveguide transfer functions. Previous studies revealed unexpected deviations in the 1–4 kHz range, likely due to secondary transmission paths. This study tests the effectiveness of a sand layer in reducing these paths and evaluates measurement variability and robustness to harmonic distortion. The method, tested on an affected replica and two additional replicas, shows that the sand layer effectively minimizes secondary transmission paths. The measurement system proves robust against harmonic distortion, ensuring good reproducibility, with results compared to simulations for validation.
Introduction to the special issue on verification and validation of source and propagation models for underwater sound
Authors: Vigness-Raposa Kathleen J. , Lucke Klaus , Ainslie Michael A. , Halvorsen Michele B. , de Jong Christ A. F. , Labak Stanley J. , Siderius Martin
Published: February 2025

This joint Special Issue of JASA and JASA Express Letters focuses on underwater sound source and propagation modelling, both of ambient sound as well as sources of relevance to possible effects of sound on aquatic life, and corresponding acoustical metrics. Combining information on the sound field with information on a dose-effect relationship enables estimation of the potential effects. The Special Issue presents a collection of eighteen articles on the following topics: (1) verification of source and propagation models, (2) validation of source and propagation models, and (3) bioacoustical metrics for assessment of the risk of environmental effects. This special issue demonstrates the need for clear metrics and verification and validation protocols.
Inhibition of TIGIT on NK cells improves their cytotoxicity and HIV reservoir eradication potential
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Yidi , Chen Jiaqi , Guo Chenxi , Yu Xiaowen , Zhang Zining , Fu Yajing , Han Xiaoxu , Hu Qinghai , Ding Haibo , Shang Hong , Jiang Yongjun
Published: February 2025

The latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir presents the biggest obstacle to curing HIV chronic infection. Consequently, finding novel strategies to control the HIV reservoir is critical. Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for antiviral immunity. However, the influence of NK cell subsets and their associated inhibitory or activating receptors on their cytotoxicity toward the HIV reservoir has not been fully studied. We investigated the relationship between the percentage of NK cells or NK cell subsets and the HIV reservoir. Our results indicated that the percentage of CD56
−
CD16
+
NK cells was positively associated with HIV reservoir size (i.e., HIV DNA, HIV msRNA, or HIV usRNA). Additionally, we observed that the percentage of IFN-γ
+
NK cells was inversely related to the HIV reservoir. Furthermore, the expression of TIGIT on NK cells, particularly CD56
-
CD16
+
and CD56
dim
NK cell subsets, positively correlated with the HIV reservoir. Notably, individuals with higher percentage of TIGIT
+
NK and lower percentage of CD226
+
NK cells exhibited larger HIV reservoir. Mechanistically, we discovered that TIGIT could inhibit the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-mTORC1 (s6k) signaling pathway to decrease the production of IFN-γ in NK cells. Importantly, inhibiting TIGIT in NK cells enhanced their ability to eliminate reactivated latently infected CD4
+
T cells. Our experiments underscored the crucial role of NK cells in controlling the HIV reservoir and suggested that TIGIT serves as a promising target for enhancing the NK cell-mediated clearance of the HIV reservoir.

IMPORTANCE

As a major barrier to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cure, HIV reservoir persist in viremia-suppressed infected individuals. NK cells are important antiviral cells, and their impact on reservoir has rarely been reported. We analyzed the relationship between the size of reservoir and NK cell subsets, inhibitory receptor TIGIT expression. Our analysis found that the percentage of CD56
−
CD16
+
NK cells was positively associated with HIV reservoir size. Furthermore, TIGIT expression on NK cells and CD56
−
CD16
+
NK cells or CD56
dim
NK cells has a positive correlation with the HIV reservoir. TIGIT can inhibit the PI3K-Akt-mTOR-mTORC1 (s6k) signaling pathway to decrease the production of IFN-γ on NK cells. Blocking TIGIT in NK cells can enhance their ability to eliminate reactivated latently infected CD4
+
T cells. Our study indicated that NK cells are critical to the control of the reservoir size, and TIGIT may be a target for enhancing the NK cell-mediated elimination of the reservoir.
Complete genome sequence of
Parvimonas parva
: first isolate of a human clinical specimen from Japan
Authors: Hayashi Masahiro , Yonetamari Jun , Muto Yoshinori , Tanaka Kaori
Published: February 2025

Parvimonas parva
is a bacterium belonging to the
Peptoniphilaceae
family, which was first classified in 2021. Herein, we report the complete genome sequence of
P. parva
(GAI15033) isolated from a clinical sample in Japan. The genome comprises a 1,447,534 bp circular chromosome.
Timing matters in macrophage/CD4+ T cell interactions: an agent-based model comparing
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
host-pathogen interactions between latently infected and naïve individuals
Authors: Hoerter Alexis , Petrucciani Alexa , Bonifacio Jordan , Arnett Eusondia , Schlesinger Larry S. , Pienaar Elsje
Published: February 2025

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(
Mtb
), remains a significant health challenge. Clinical manifestations of TB exist across a spectrum with a majority of infected individuals remaining asymptomatic, commonly referred to as latent TB infection (LTBI).
In vitro
models have demonstrated that cells from individuals with LTBI can better control
Mtb
growth and form granuloma-like structures more quickly, compared to cells from uninfected (
Mtb
-naïve) individuals. These
in vitro
results agree with animal and clinical evidence that LTBI protects, to some degree, against reinfection. However, the mechanisms by which LTBI might offer protection against reinfection remain unclear, and quantifying the relative contributions of multiple control mechanisms is challenging using experimental methods alone. To complement
in vitro
models, we have developed an
in silico
agent-based model to help elucidate host responses that might contribute to protection against reinfection. Our simulations indicate that earlier contact between macrophages and CD4+ T cells leads to LTBI simulations having more activated CD4+ T cells and, in turn, more activated infected macrophages, all of which contribute to a decreased bacterial load early on. Our simulations also demonstrate that granuloma-like structures support this early macrophage activation in LTBI simulations. We find that differences between LTBI and
Mtb
-naïve simulations are driven by TNFα and IFNγ-associated mechanisms as well as macrophage phagocytosis and killing mechanisms. Together, our simulations show how important the timing of the first interactions between innate and adaptive immune cells is, how this impacts infection progression, and why cells from LTBI individuals might be faster to respond to reinfection.

IMPORTANCE

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with millions of new infections and deaths annually. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms by which latent TB infection (LTBI) confers protection against reinfection remain unclear. In this study, we developed an
in silico
agent-based model to simulate early immune responses to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection based on experimental
in vitro
infection of human donor cells. Our simulations reveal that early interactions between macrophages and CD4+ T cells, driven by TNFα and IFNγ, are critical for bacterial control and granuloma formation in LTBI. These findings offer new insights into the immune processes involved in TB, which could inform the development of targeted vaccines and host-directed therapies. By integrating experimental data with computational predictions, our research provides a robust framework for understanding TB immunity and guiding future interventions to mitigate the global TB burden.
Supplemental Material: Zircon geochronology records frictional weakening and restrengthening during emplacement of the Sevier gravity slide, southwest Utah (USA)
Authors: Braunagel Michael J. , al. et
Published: February 2025

Supplemental text details analytical method; Table S1 contains zircon U/Pb data. 
Supplemental Material: Magmatic-hydrothermal ore-forming processes and metal enrichment mechanisms of the large Yangchuling porphyry W-Mo mineralizing system in South China
Authors: Xiong Suo-Fei , Jiang Shao-Yong , et al.
Published: February 2025

Table S1: Characteristics of three types of scheelite from the Yangchuling W-Mo deposit. Table S2: Representative EPMA data for scheelite from the Yangchuling W-Mo deposit. Table S3: Trace element concentrations of different types of scheelite from the Yangchuling W-Mo deposit obtained via LA-ICP-MS analyses.
Supplemental Material: Distinguishing tectonic versus eustatic controls in Turonian strata of the Western Interior Seaway
Authors: Randazzo Nicolas , al. et
Published: February 2025

Supplemental Text S1, Figure S1, and Tables S1-S4.
Air quality, respiratory health and performance in athletes: a summary of the IOC consensus subgroup narrative review on ‘Acute Respiratory Illness in Athletes’
Authors: Bougault Valerie , Carlsten Christopher , Adami Paolo Emilio , Sewry Nicola , Schobersberger Wolfgang , Soligard Torbjørn , Engebretsen Lars , Budgett Richard , Schwellnus Martin , Fitch Ken
Published: February 2025

With the WHO stating that nearly 99% of the global population is exposed to air pollution levels that increase the risk of chronic diseases, the question of exercising in polluted environments is relevant to the health of athletes. Major sporting events held under conditions of poor air quality (AQ) have highlighted the lack of answers to concerns raised by organisers and athletes about the associated health risks. This evidence-based narrative review compiles current knowledge and identifies gaps regarding the relationship between AQ and sport. It is a summary of a more comprehensive report prepared for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical and Scientific Commission. This article discusses the various sources of air pollutants encountered during exercise, summarises current AQ guidelines and provides insights into AQ conditions during the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games (OPG) as well as in Los Angeles over the past four summers, in preparation for the 2028 OPG. It also summarises the effects of air pollution on the respiratory health and performance of athletes, while proposing mitigation strategies, with a particular emphasis on AQ education.
Socioeconomic factors and the risk of eye diseases in an elderly Danish population
Authors: Ørskov Marie , Cehofski Lasse Jørgensen , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Bek Toke , Skjøth Flemming , Vorum Henrik
Published: February 2025

Objectives

This study aims to study the association between socioeconomic factors and risk of prevalent eye diseases, including glaucoma, cataract and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) in an elderly Danish population.

Design

This study was a nationwide cohort study.

Setting and participants

The included subjects were extracted from Danish nationwide health registers, and the association between socioeconomic factors and prevalent eye diseases was assessed by estimating the incidence rate and the cumulative incidence. The differences between the investigated groups were quantified using the Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

Based on a 10-year follow-up period, the highest levels of education and household income were associated with higher rates and risks of glaucoma compared with the lowest and middle levels. This results in absolute risks ranging from 3.2% (3.1%–3.3%) in both the lowest educational and income group to 4.0% (3.9–4.1%) and 3.8% (3.8–3.9%) in the highest educational and income group, respectively. For cataract, the middle and lowest educational and income levels were associated with increased rates and risks, which were statistically significant compared with the highest levels. The risk of cataract ranged from 6.5% (6.4%–6.7%) to 8.1% (8.0%–8.2%) and 6.0% (5.9%–6.1%) to 8.7% (8.5%–8.8%) in the highest to the lowest educational and income group, respectively. For RVO, the event rate was low, showing no statistically significant differences. The risk of RVO remained constant in all investigated socioeconomic groups, with a risk of 0.3% (0.3%–0.3%).

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that socioeconomic factors, such as education and household income, are associated with the diagnosis glaucoma and cataract. Incorporating socioeconomic considerations into public health initiatives may enhance the management of eye diseases and improve information and awareness about these conditions.
THE TYPE OF SPORT, BUT NOT SEX, IMPACTS BODY COMPOSITION AND METABOLIC RESPONSE TO A COMPLETE WEIGHT LOSS – WEIGHT REGAIN EPISODE IN WEIGHT CYCLING ATHLETES. RESULTS FROM THE WAVE STUDY.
Authors: Bagot Sarah , RAMOS Ines , Miles-Chan Jennifer , Dulloo Abdul , Hackney Anthony C. , Boirie Yves , Duclos Martine , Thivel David , Isacco Laurie
Published: February 2025

Athletes may engage in weight cycling —successive episodes of weight loss and weight (re)gain—for performance reasons, but risk metabolic adaptations and regaining more fat that was lost (fat overshoot). This study aimed to assess the influence of a complete weight cycling episode on body composition, thermoregulation, and metabolism in athletes, considering sex and the type of sport practiced. 48 athletes (28 males, 20 females) engaged in combat (n=23), strength (n=12), or endurance (n=13) sports were examined under 3 experimental conditions (weight maintenance, weight loss, weight (re)gain) during a weight cycling episode using their habitual strategies. Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), core body temperature (telemetric temperature sensor), energy expenditure and substrate oxidation at rest and during moderate exercise (indirect calorimetry), and energy intake (48h-food record) were assessed. Overall, athletes lost 4.4±2.3% body weight, 12.2±10.6% fat mass, and 2.6±2.3% fat-free mass (p<0.001). All variables returned to baseline values during the regain period, and a higher fat mass regain was observed in endurance than combat athletes (p<0.01). During weight loss, a transient increase in lipid and decrease in carbohydrate oxidation occurred at rest and during exercise (p<0.001). Energy expenditure and core body temperature remained unchanged across the 3 experimental conditions, and no specific sex effect was observed. Overall, no apparent body weight nor fat overshoot was observed in athletes after a complete weight cycling episode. Nonetheless, the greater fat mass gain in endurance, compared with combat athletes, highlights a need for further specific long-term studies in this population.
Clinical Trial registration: NCT04107545
On the equivalence of Prony and Lanczos methods for Euclidean correlation functions
Authors: Ostmeyer J. , Sen A. , Urbach C.
Published: February 2025

We investigate the oblique Lanczos method recently put forward in Ref. [1] for analysing Euclidean correlators in lattice field theories and show that it is analytically equivalent to the well known Prony Generalised Eigenvalue Method (PGEVM). Moreover, we discuss that the signal-to-noise problem is not alleviated by either of these two methods. Still, both methods show clear advantages when compared to the standard effective mass approach.
Deep Learning-Based Adaptive Network Intrusion Detection System (DL-ANIDS) for 5G Mobile Network Security
Authors: Lu Yan , Yang Qiufen , Kuang Yunxin
Published: February 2025

Developing intrusion detection systems (IDSs) that automatically identify and categorize assaults at network and host levels relies heavily on deep learning methods. Upcoming fifth-generation (5G) mobile technology presents fresh threats to cyber security protection systems due to its improved communication capabilities. Even though new methods have emerged recently, current intrusion detection and protection processes will become outdated if not adjusted for 5G. Hence this paper proposes a deep learning-based adaptive network intrusion detection system (DL-ANIDS) to detect cyber threats in 5G mobile networks with sufficient efficiency and speed. This study presents deep learning algorithms for analyzing network traffic via feature extraction from network flows. In addition, our proposed method enables automated configuration tuning of the cyber defense system (CDS) to handle traffic fluctuations, optimize the computing resources required at any given time, and fine-tune the behavior and performance of analysis and detection processes. This paper investigates using a deep neural network (DNN) to create a versatile and efficient IDS capable of detecting and categorizing unexpected and unanticipated assaults. The experiments demonstrate our architecture’s ability to adjust the anomaly detection system based on real-time data from 5G subscribers’ devices, optimizing resource use.
Research on the Evaluation Model of Sports Public Services Based on Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
Authors: Jia Yuchen
Published: February 2025

Public sports services are an essential part of the current government service program. They are essential for strengthening the body, raising public satisfaction levels with public services, and improving welfare. These services encompass a wide range of initiatives, programs, and facilities aimed at promote physical activity, enhancing community health, and fostering social cohesion through sports. The study’s goal is to explore an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm-based technique for evaluating sports public services. In this study, we proposed a novel Garra Rufa fish fine-tuned flexible deep neural network (GRF-FDNN) to evaluate the sports public services in stadiums. The information gathered from several sources, including maintenance records, facility utilization, and service availability, was combined to provide service performance statistics. The data were preprocessed using normalization for the obtained data and the characteristics are extracted from the normalized data using PCA. The proposed model assesses and optimizes key service indicators, including user satisfaction, service accessibility, and operational efficiency using GRF and FDNN to create a robust framework for evaluating and optimizing sports public services in stadiums. The proposed method is implemented using Python software. The result demonstrated that the GRF-FDNN method outperforms the sports public services in stadiums compared to other traditional algorithms. This study offers a framework for utilizing AI to improve sports public service systems for policymakers and service providers.
Criticism and Psychotherapy of Nihilism Among College Students Based on Embedded IoT Systems
Authors: Liu Xiyao
Published: February 2025

This paper conducts in-depth theoretical and practical discussions on the potential erosion of core values of college students by value nihilism. The study focuses on a group of college students and constructs a psychological therapy model aimed at strengthening spiritual beliefs through the comprehensive use of questionnaire surveys and case interviews. This model covers six core dimensions: outlook on life, values, cultural identity, moral concepts, online behavior patterns, learning, and psychological states. SPSS 20.0 software was used for data analysis, including descriptive statistics, mean comparison, correlation analysis, and reliability testing; Meanwhile, confirmatory factor analysis was performed using Amos 21.0 to accurately quantify the research results. To evaluate the quality of life (QOSL) of college students, this study simplified the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) to better meet individual physical and mental health assessment needs. The research results show that based on the scientific analysis of data obtained from the psychological assessment system, all six preset hypotheses have been validated. Further analysis of large sample data revealed that the correlation between the total QOSL score and WHOQOL-BREF score of college students was as high as 0.647. Although slightly lower than the correlation coefficient of 0.712 between the sense of meaning in life and the total QOSL score, it still showed a strong positive correlation, significantly promoting the positive improvement of college students’ psychological value perception.
Impact of f(𝒬) theory on the stability of compact spherical solutions
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Rani Shamaila , Gul M. Zeeshan , Jawad Abdul
Published: February 2025

This research paper examines the feasibility and stability of compact stars in the context of [Formula: see text] theory, where [Formula: see text] represents the non-metricity scalar. To achieve this objective, a static spherical line element is assumed in the interior region and the Schwarzschild spacetime is used in the exterior region of the star. The unknown constants are determined by using the Darmois junction conditions. We consider a specific model of this theory to investigate the viability of compact stars through various physical quantities such as matter contents, energy bounds, anisotropy and state parameters. The stability states for the stellar objects under consideration are determined by the speed of sound and adiabatic index, respectively. The resulting data indicate that the compact stars in this modified framework are physically viable and stable.
Vacuum spacetime with closed time-like curves in the context of Ricci-inverse gravity
Authors: Ahmed Faizuddin , de Souza J. C. R. , Santos A. F.
Published: February 2025

This research studies primarily centers around a specific vacuum solution of the Einstein’s field equations with a negative cosmological constant, known as a type-D vacuum solution in Anti-de Sitter (AdS) background. The key finding of this study is that the determinant of the Ricci tensor ([Formula: see text]) possesses a nonzero value. This observation ensures that this vacuum spacetime can be investigated within the framework of Ricci-inverse gravity as well. In fact, it has demonstrated that this type-D vacuum solution serves as an exact solution in Ricci inverse gravity in the background of AdS space. Notably, the negative cosmological constant undergoes modification by the coupling constant within this context. Moreover, we show that this gravity theory permits the formation of closed time-like curves at a specific moment in time analogue to the general relativity case. Consequently, this theory introduces an intriguing time-machine model within the domain of Ricci-inverse gravity theory.
Leveraging Hyperledger Fabric for Enhanced Compliance Monitoring in UAV Operations
Authors: Hawashin Diana , Madine Mohammad , Nemer Mohamed , Salah Khaled , Jayaraman Raja , Damiani Ernesto , Yaqoob Ibrar
Published: February 2025

The current Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems lack traceable, secure, private, and trustworthy automated assurance that UAV operations comply with regulatory rules and regulations. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based solution to ensure that the operations of UAVs comply with critical regulatory parameters such as geofencing and operational time restrictions. By utilizing smart contracts and blockchain's inherent features, such as immutability, data integrity, and decentralization, our proposed system facilitates automated UAV compliance verification, ensures accountable UAV operations, and establishes a secure, private, and trustworthy framework for all stakeholders involved in UAV commercial activities. We leverage Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) to configure and implement a permissioned blockchain network capable of handling transactions amongst all stakeholders, including regulators, service providers, and UAV operators. We present our system architecture and detailed sequence diagrams for compliance assurance of UAV operations. We also discuss the configuration details of the Fabric network, the implementation of the algorithms behind the chaincode, and performance results. We conduct functional validation and evaluate the performance of our implementation in terms of both throughput and latency. The assessment shows that the solution processes over 72,000 beacons per second, making it suitable for large-scale deployment. Furthermore, we compare our proposed solution with the existing solutions to show its superiority. We make our chaincode files, which represent the smart contracts defining the set of rules and processes for a blockchain network, publicly available on GitHub.
Multi-Objectivising Acquisition Functions in Bayesian Optimisation
Authors: Jiang Chao , Li Miqing
Published: February 2025

Bayesian optimisation (BO) is an efficient approach for solving expensive optimisation problems, where acquisition functions play a major role in achieving the trade-off between exploitation and exploration. The exploitation-exploration trade-off is challenging; excessive focus on exploitation can stagnate the search, while too much exploration can slow convergence. Multi-objectivisation has been explored as an effective approach to mitigate the exploitation-exploration trade-off problem. Along this line, in this paper, we propose a
M
ulti-
O
bjectivisation-based adaptive
E
xploitation-
E
xploration trade-off framework (MOEE) to balance exploitation and exploration in BO. MOEE considers the nondominated front formed by the exploitation and exploration objectives and adaptively switches the focus on exploration and exploitation on the basis of the search status. We verify our method on the 19 synthetic and practical problem instances with 1 to 20 dimensions, and the results show that our proposed multi-objectivisation framework can achieve a good balance between exploitation and exploration.
SAFE: Secure Aggregation with Failover and Encryption
Authors: Sandholm Thomas , Mukherjee Sayandev , Huberman Bernardo
Published: February 2025

We propose, analyze and experimentally evaluate a novel secure aggregation algorithm targeted at cross-organizational federated learning applications with a fixed set of participating learners. Our solution organizes learners in a chain and encrypts all traffic to reduce the controller of the aggregation to a mere message broker. We show that our algorithm scales better and is less resource demanding than existing solutions, while being easy to implement on constrained platforms.

With 36 nodes our method outperforms state-of-the-art secure aggregation by 70x, and 56x with and without failover, respectively.
Prediction of Repassivation Potential of 3D Pits Using the 1D Pit Approach
Authors: Georges Mariana , Assumpcao Raphael , Frankel Gerald S
Published: February 2025

In this study, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) tests and one-dimensional (1D) pit tests were performed to evaluate the corrosion behavior of stainless steel 316L at different temperatures and identify the critical conditions for repassivation. Downward potential scans for 1D pit samples were performed at different potential scan rates to precisely determine the repassivation potential at different pit depths. The outputs from 1D pit experiments were used to predict repassivation potentials (E_rp) of three dimensional (3D) pits in bulk samples, assuming different pit geometries. Finally, these predictions were compared with the repassivation potentials obtained for bulk samples during CPP tests to verify the accuracy of predictions. This methodology provides a correlation between a controlled fundamental approach (1D pit tests) and a more practical and applied method (CPP tests on bulk samples, generating 3D pits). It also enhances the understanding of the variability in E_rp values obtained from the CPP technique, improving the reliability of this parameter.
Looking below the surface - using intravital imaging to decipher inflammatory renal disease and renal cell injury
Authors: Hickey Michael J. , Sudhakar Vaishnavi
Published: February 2025

Renal function can be perturbed by a range of stimuli that cause cellular injury and inflammation in the kidney. These injurious and inflammatory processes are typically dynamic and progressive, involving the actions of highly migratory cells such as leukocytes and cellular responses that occur over time spans ranging from seconds to weeks. Understanding these dynamic responses has entailed the use of imaging technologies that allow visualisation and capture of events over different time spans, ideally in intact organs in live, experimental animals. The technique that allows this is intravital imaging. Intravital imaging, particularly multiphoton intravital microscopy, has been crucial to the investigation of dynamic physiological and pathophysiological processes in the kidney for many years, driving key developments in our understanding of renal (patho)physiology. This includes the mechanisms of ultrafiltrate generation, the response to acute kidney injury and how inflammatory leukocytes are recruited to and cause injury in the kidney. This Review describes the key studies that have applied intravital imaging to the investigation of models of inflammatory renal disease. The responses examined include those restricted to the glomerulus and the effects of acute kidney injury on the tubulointerstitium. Future innovations and directions in this field of research are also discussed.
Molecular Dissection of the Role of ACE2 in Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Chhabra Kavaljit H. , Shoemaker Robin , Herath Chandana B. , Thomas Merlin C. , Filipeanu Catalin M. , Lazartigues Eric
Published: February 2025

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was discovered 25 years ago as a negative regulator of renin-angiotensin system, opposing the effects of angiotensin-II. Beyond its well-demonstrated roles in cardiovascular regulation and Covid-19 pathology, ACE2 is involved in a plethora of physio-pathological processes. In this review, we summarize the latest discoveries on the role of ACE2 in glucose homeostasis and regulation of metabolism. In the endocrine pancreas, ACE2 is expressed at low levels in β cells, but loss of its expression inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and impairs glucose tolerance. Conversely, overexpression of ACE2 improved glycemia and suggests that recombinant ACE2 might be a future therapy for diabetes. In the skeletal muscle of ACE2-deficient mice, a progressive triglyceride accumulation was observed, whereas in diabetic kidney the initial increase in ACE2 is followed by a chronic reduction of expression in kidney tubules and impairment of glucose metabolism. At the intestinal level, dysregulation of the enzyme alters the amino acid absorption and intestinal microbiome, while at the hepatic level, ACE2 protects against diabetic fatty liver disease. Not least, ACE2 is upregulated in adipocytes in response to nutritional stimuli and administration of recombinant ACE2 decreased body weight and increased thermogenesis. In addition to tissue-specific regulation of ACE2 function, the enzyme undergoes complex cellular posttranslational modifications which are changed during diabetes evolution, with at least proteolytic cleavage and ubiquitination leading to modifications in ACE2 activity. Detailed characterization of ACE2 in specific cellular- and tissue-manner holds promise for improving therapeutic outcomes in diabetes and metabolic disorders.
Supplementary Table S1 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S1. UBA1 protein expression and levels of intratumoral CD8+ T cells in tumor samples.
Figure 6 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

Depletion of Stub1 upregulates JAK1. A, Top: immunoblot analysis assessing levels of the indicated proteins in Myc-CaP cells that received distinct siRNAs or sgRNAs targeting Stub1. Nontargeting siRNA or sgRNA was used as control, respectively. Bottom: immunoblot analysis assessing levels of the indicated proteins in the indicated Myc-CaP cells. OE, overexpression. B, Representative images of multiplex immunofluorescence staining for the indicated proteins in UBA1-high and UBA1-low human tumor samples. CK, pan-cytokeratin. Scale bar, 50 µm. C, Schematic showing that UBA1 upregulation in tumor cells facilitates STUB1-mediated proteasomal degradation of a key IFN sensor, JAK1, resulting in low expression of IFN-stimulated genes and thus an immune-cold tumor microenvironment (left). By contrast, inhibition of UBA1 elevates JAK1 and enhances response to IFNs, contributing to the formation of an immune-hot tumor microenvironment (right).
Supplementary Figure 1 from CTR-FAPI PET Enables Precision Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kong Ziren , Li Zhu , Cui Xi-Yang , Wang Jian , Xu Mengxin , Liu Yang , Chen Junyi , Ni Song , Zhang Zongmin , Fan Xiaowei , Huang Jiazhao , Lin Yansong , Sun Yuning , He Yuqin , Lin Xinfeng , Meng Tianyu , Li Han , Song Yixuan , Peng Boshizhang , An Changming , Gao Chenyan , Li Nan , Liu Chen , Zhu Yiming , Yang Zhi , Liu Zhibo , Liu Shaoyan
Published: February 2025

Patient-based and region-based detection rates
Figure 3 from The UBA1–STUB1 Axis Mediates Cancer Immune Escape and Resistance to Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Bao Yi , Cruz Gabriel , Zhang Yuping , Qiao Yuanyuan , Mannan Rahul , Hu Jing , Yang Fan , Gondal Mahnoor , Shahine Miriam , Kang Sarah , Mahapatra Somnath , Chu Alec , Choi Jae Eun , Yu Jiali , Lin Heng , Miner Stephanie J. , Robinson Dan R. , Wu Yi-Mi , Zheng Yang , Cao Xuhong , Su Fengyun , Wang Rui , Hosseini Noshad , Cieslik Marcin , Kryczek Ilona , Vaishampayan Ulka , Zou Weiping , Chinnaiyan Arul M.
Published: February 2025

UBA1 diminishes intratumoral functional CD8+ T cells. A, Left: UMAP of 8,862 cells and the indicated clusters identified among CD45+ cells enriched from the indicated Myc-CaP tumors subjected to scRNA-seq. Right: heatmap showing differentially expressed genes in each of the indicated clusters among T cells. Three representative genes are shown on the right for each cluster. Proportions of T cells derived from the experimental group (Uba1 overexpression) and control group (empty vector) are shown on the top. B and C, The fraction of each T-cell (B) or immune cell (C) subpopulation among all CD45+ immune cells from the indicated groups. D and E, Flow cytometry measuring the absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells (left) or proportions of IFN-γ+, granzyme B+, or Ki67+ cells among CD8+ T cells (right) in the indicated tumors. Middle: representative images showing the proportional change of IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells by Uba1 overexpression (D) or Uba1 depletion (E). F, Flow cytometry measuring the absolute numbers of CD8+ T cells or proportions of IFN-γ+, granzyme B+, or Ki67+ cells among CD8+ T cells in the indicated tumors. G, Flow cytometry measuring the absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells, IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells, or Ki67+ CD4+ T cells in the indicated tumors. All data are presented as box and whisker plots, except in B and C (bar graph). Statistics were acquired by the two-tailed Student t test. Data in D–G are pooled from two independent experiments.
Clinical Protocol from CTR-FAPI PET Enables Precision Management of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Kong Ziren , Li Zhu , Cui Xi-Yang , Wang Jian , Xu Mengxin , Liu Yang , Chen Junyi , Ni Song , Zhang Zongmin , Fan Xiaowei , Huang Jiazhao , Lin Yansong , Sun Yuning , He Yuqin , Lin Xinfeng , Meng Tianyu , Li Han , Song Yixuan , Peng Boshizhang , An Changming , Gao Chenyan , Li Nan , Liu Chen , Zhu Yiming , Yang Zhi , Liu Zhibo , Liu Shaoyan
Published: February 2025

Clinical Protocol
Supplementary Table S2 from Glioblastoma Cortical Organoids Recapitulate Cell-State Heterogeneity and Intercellular Transfer
Authors: Mangena Vamsi , Chanoch-Myers Rony , Sartore Rafaela , Paulsen Bruna , Gritsch Simon , Weisman Hannah , Hara Toshiro , Breakefield Xandra O. , Breyne Koen , Regev Aviv , Chung Kwanghun , Arlotta Paola , Tirosh Itay , Suvà Mario L.
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table S2 shows gene sets defining non-malignant cell types in GCOs.
Supplementary Table 5 from Tumor-Intrinsic Kinome Landscape of Pancreatic Cancer Reveals New Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Xu Yi , Peng Xianlu L. , East Michael P. , McCabe Ian C. , Stroman Grace C. , Jenner Madison R. , Chan Priscilla S. , Morrison Ashley B. , Shen Emily C. , Hererra Silvia G. , Joisa Chinmaya U. , Rashid Naim U. , Iuga Alina C. , Gomez Shawn M. , Miller-Phillips Lisa , Boeck Stefan , Heinemann Volker , Haas Michael , Ormanns Steffen , Johnson Gary L. , Yeh Jen Jen
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 5.demographic_molecular_data