bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conocimientos sobre métodos de planificación familiar en mujeres con diagnóstico psiquiátrico: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Torales Julio , Barrios Iván , Fretes Patricia
Published: March 2021

Introducción: el estudio de la correcta planificación familiar, o la implementación de esta ya ha sido tema de investigaciones, que buscaron ver el efecto y la necesidad de dicha planificación en el contexto de las mujeres con trastornos mentales. Esto se debe a que la salud reproductiva es un derecho humano fundamental, que debe ser resguardado en todos los grupos poblacionales, especialmente en los más vulnerables. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de conocimientos de las mujeres con diagnóstico de algún trastorno mental sobre planificación familiar. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo y temporalmente prospectivo. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, de casos consecutivos. A través de una encuesta, se entrevistó acerca de conocimientos sobre planificación familiar a mujeres con diagnóstico psiquiátrico que recibieron atención médica en el consultorio externo de Psiquiatría del Hospital de Clínicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción. Resultados: 141 mujeres participaron del estudio. La media de edad de las participantes fue de 34 ± 10 años. El 80,9% tenía al menos un hijo, con una media de 2 ± 1 hijos. El diagnóstico psiquiátrico más frecuente fue trastorno depresivo mayor, con 31,9%. El 83,7% desconocía los posibles efectos teratogénicos de las medicaciones que consumían. El 95% había oído hablar de las infecciones de transmisión sexual y el 87,9% sabía que la principal vía de transmisión era la sexual. Discusión: existe un nivel insuficiente de conocimientos sobre planificación familiar en mujeres con diagnóstico psiquiátrico. La falta de planificación familiar puede repercutir de forma negativa en la salud pública y en los aspectos socioculturales de las familias involucradas.
Aporte del método pilates a la terapéutica de los cuadros dolorosos
Authors: Almirón Marcos , Vázquez Mercedes
Published: March 2021

El Método Pilates es un sistema de acondicionamiento físico y mental de baja a moderada intensidad que se enfoca en utilizar principalmente la respiración, la contracción muscular, y la flexibilidad muscular, en coordinación a una ejecución controlada y fluida de cada movimiento corporal. Aunque la evidencia aún es limitada en cuanto a su efectividad, existen estudios que demuestran mejoría en la salud de las personas que lo practican. El objetivo de esta revisión fue resaltar la utilidad del Método Pilates como herramienta terapéutica para el manejo de cuadros dolorosos sobre todo aquellos originados por trastornos musculoesqueléticos. Esta fue una revisión narrativa no sistemática, de literatura primaria, la búsqueda seleccionada fue extraída de SciELO, PubMed y Elsevier. Como criterio de inclusión se tuvo en cuenta investigaciones que incluyeron personas de todas las edades con diferentes afecciones físicas sobre todo aquellas que cursan con dolor por trastorno musculoesquelético, además se tuvieron en cuenta aquellas asociadas a afecciones psíquicas y sociales.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes del nivel medio de centros educativos del distrito de R. I. 3 Corrales, 2018.
Authors: Armoa Celso , Mendez Julieta Maria , Martínez Pablo , Estigarribia Gladys
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Durante la adolescencia se despierta el interés sexual debido a los diversos cambios. Es el momento oportuno para fomentar conductas adecuadas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva, para así posteriormente disfrutar de una vida sexual segura y responsable. Objetivo: Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas sobre salud sexual y reproductiva en estudiantes del nivel medio de centros educativos del Distrito de R. I. 3 Corrales, durante el año 2018. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal. Fueron incluidos la totalidad de los estudiantes del primer al tercer curso de cuatro colegios del Distrito de R.I. 3 Corrales del Departamento de Caaguazú, durante el mes de setiembre del 2018. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el “Cuestionario de Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas sobre Salud Sexual y VIH/Sida en Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes de las comunidades de Dajabón (República Dominicana) y Wanament (Haití)”. Resultados: La población conformada por 200 estudiantes. La mediana de la edad de los que ingresaron al estudio fue de 16 años, 52% femenino, 54,77% refieren haber tenido relaciones sexuales, 71,94% conoce el preservativo y 47% de ellos lo utilizaron en el primer contacto sexual. El conocimiento fue bajo en un 48%, la actitud desfavorable en un 56% y las prácticas incorrectas en un 54% de los casos. Conclusión: El conocimiento global fue bajo, las actitudes desfavorables y las practicas incorrectas en la mayoría de los casos.
Factores asociados al desarrollo de hidrocefalia dependiente de derivación ventrículo peritoneal en pacientes operados de aneurismas cerebrales
Authors: Diaz Dario , Moguilner Gabriela , Riquelme Ana , Cristaldo María José , Frutos Fabrizio
Published: March 2021

Introducción: Diversos factores pueden estar asociados al desarrollo de hidrocefalia en pacientes operados de aneurismas cerebrales que luego son dependientes de derivación ventrículo peritoneal, pueden estar dados por obstrucción mecánica o inflamatoria con disminución de la absorción del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR). Objetivo: Determinar factores asociados al desarrollo de hidrocefalia dependiente de derivación ventrículo peritoneal en pacientes con aneurismas cerebrales que han recibido tratamiento quirúrgico para clipaje. Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal de expedientes clínicos de 171 pacientes operados de aneurismas cerebrales en el Hospital de Clínicas desde el año 2013 hasta febrero del 2020. Resultados: Se han analizado 171 casos operados de aneurismas cerebrales, la mayoría del sexo femenino (71%), con un rango de edad de 17-77 años (mediana 53 años). El 7,6 % desarrolló hidrocefalia con requerimiento de derivación ventrículo peritoneal. De estos pacientes el 61,5 % tuvieron antecedentes de craniectomía descompresiva (p< 0,001). El 84,6 % presentó vasoespasmo tanto clínico como radiológico (p < 0,001). Las localizaciones más frecuentes fueron en las arterias carótida interna y cerebral media con 38,9 % para ambos. La escala de Fisher IV fue la más frecuente con 76,9%, luego Fisher II con 15,3 % (p= 0,14). El 62,2 % fueron operados durante la fase aguda (p= 0,03). Conclusión: Se ha observado en este estudio factores con asociación estadísticamente significativas con el desarrollo de hidrocefalia como la presencia de vasoespasmo y los operados de craniectomía descompresiva los cuales están acordes a la literatura, respecto a la fase de la enfermedad en la que se realizó la cirugía, en este estudio se observó predominio en la fase aguda, en contraste a lo que se observa en varias fuentes bibliográficas.
Chaucer and the Color Adjective blew
Authors: Sayers William
Published: March 2021

The color adjective blew as used of lovers' tears in Chaucer's Complaint of Mars is traced through Old French to a little-studied Gallo-Romance color word, bloi, originating in the Gaulish substrate (blaros) and suggestive of wan, pale tones. Reading teres blewe as an early instance of blue as “melancholy” is premature.
Sir Gawain's Penitential Development from Attrition to Contrition
Authors: Outhwaite Patrick
Published: March 2021

The confessional scenes in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight have long been sources of contention in scholarship. Critics are unable to reach a consensus on why Gawain hides the green girdle before his confession at Bertilak's castle, and on what significance the second quasi-confessional episode at the Green Chapel holds. Ideas about confession developed by the likes of Simon of Tournai, Alan of Lille, Thomas Aquinas, and John Duns Scotus can help to decode these puzzling sections of the text. This article contends that Gawain follows a standard penitential narrative outlined by canon law and scholastic theology, from an imperfect state of sorrow for his sins (attrition) to a perfect state (contrition). That is, after his initial confession, Gawain embarks on a penitential development that is completed only once he has faced the Green Knight and returned to Camelot, turning from attrition to contrition.
La condición ética: motor propulsor y posibilitador del teletrabajo
Authors: Yanten Cabrera Diego , Sánchez García Arnulfo
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo diluye la realidad actuante bajo presupuestos humanistas, implica que, superpuesta la precipitación actuarial tecnológica y la transfiguración de la relación laboral operada en el teletrabajo, la condición humana determinante requiere de condiciones ético- morales previas para que la interrelación intralaboral, pese a las barricadas indirectas que supone la virtualización, pueda adscribirse con éxito al tecnocosmos. Proceso este que, dada la postorganicidad y la adaptabilidad de un medio que no implica, en modo alguno, la supresión de la mundanidad, requiere esquemas de actualización institucional-jurídica para regular una práctica que se encuentra presente desde tiempo atrás ya entre nosotros.
Nudos teóricos y desigualdades sociopolíticas en los caminos de la participación ciudadana
Authors: Ramos Portal Lázaro Enrique , Santana Ortego Yumara
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo constituye una reflexión teórica en torno a las pautas que han conducido el pensamiento político referente a las relaciones entre Estado y sociedad, su influencia en la polémica feminista sobre las desigualdades que genera la dicotomía entre los espacios de participación pública y el ámbito doméstico o privado, las barreras que ofrece la hiperconceptualización de las formas de participación social en la organización de las relaciones; y el protagonismo del Derecho como justificante del poder patriarcal y la conducción androcéntrica de las sociedades, incluyendo las de América Latina.
La filosofía política del transnacionalismo en la migración: Una respuesta al debate entre el liberalismo y el comunitarismo
Authors: Mendoza Alcalá Anahí M. , Terán Andrade Emilio G.
Published: March 2021

Uno de los problemas a los cuales se ha enfrentado la filosofía contemporánea, es lograr materializar sus postulados; de allí, que el presente artículo muestra un análisis crítico del liberalismo y el comunitarismo a partir del análisis de sus conceptos y principios rectores como modelos políticos filosóficos. Al finalizar, el trabajo formula una respuesta material al fenómeno propuesto, a través de la construcción de un modelo integrador que toma en consideración, los diferentes contrastes de la realidad actual que tienen las sociedades.
Context-based Reasoning through Fuzzy Logic for Edge Intelligence
Authors: Firouzi Ramin , Rahmani Rahim , Kanter Theo
Published: March 2021

With the advent of edge computing, the Internet of Things (IoT) environment has the ability to process data locally. The complexity of the context reasoning process can be scattered across several edge nodes that are physically placed at the source of the qualitative information by moving the processing and knowledge inference to the edge of the IoT network. This facilitates the real-time processing of a large range of rich data sources that would be less complex and expensive compare to the traditional centralized cloud system. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to provide low-level intelligence for IoT applications through an IoT edge controller that is leveraging the Fuzzy Logic Controller along with edge computing. This low-level intelligence, together with cloud-based intelligence, forms the distributed IoT intelligence. The proposed controller allows distributed IoT gateway to manage input uncertainties; besides, by interacting with its environment, the learning system can enhance its performance over time, which leads to improving the reliability of the IoT gateway. Therefore, such a controller is able to offer different context-aware reasoning to alleviate the distributed IoT. A simulated smart home scenario has been done to prove the plausibility of the low-level intelligence concerning reducing latency and more accurate prediction through learning experiences at the edge.
Contribution to Multi-Energy Flow Management for Building Energy Hub
Authors: El Khaili Mohamed , Marhoum Redouane , Fouhad Chaimaa , Ouajji Hassan
Published: March 2021

Global demand for primary fossil energy continues to increase. However, the production of energy from fossil fuels, in addition to depleting available reserves, releases millions of tons of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) into the atmosphere. Thus, it is obvious that the high concentration of GHGs in the air disrupts the natural greenhouse effect and consequently causes global warming. The implementation of action plans aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions has led all countries to use clean energy sources (sun, earth, wind) called renewable energies and also to rationalize the use of energies whether based on fossil fuels or renewable. Our paper presents a modeling of the demand and its management to ensure an optimization of the energy consumption and the reduction of its bill
The effect of non-local derivative on Bose-Einstein condensation
Authors: Bouzenna F. E. , Meftah M. T. , Difallah M.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we study the effect of non-local derivative on Bose-Einstein condensation. Firstly, we consider the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative of fractional order α to derive the eigenvalues of non-local Schrödinger equation for a free particle in a 3D box. Afterwards, we consider 3D Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal gas with the obtained energy spectrum. Interestingly, in this approach the critical temperatures Tc of condensation for 1 < α < 2 are greater than the standard one. Furthermore, the condensation in 2D is shown to be possible. Second and for comparison, we presented, on the basis of a spectrum established by N. Laskin, the critical transition temperature as a function of the fractional parameter α for a system of free bosons governed by an Hamiltonian with power law on the moment (H~pα). In this case, we have demonstrated that the transition temperature is greater than the standard one. By comparing the two transition temperatures (relative to Caputo-Fabrizio and to Laskin), we have found for fixed α and the density ρ that the transition temperature relative to Caputo-fabrizio is greater than relative to Laskin.
Anisotropic Heisenberg model for the mixed spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 under random crystal field
Authors: Sabi Takou D. , Karimou M. , Hontinfinde F. , Albayrak E.
Published: March 2021

Thermodynamic properties of the mixed spin-3/2 and spin-1/2 Heisenberg model are examined within the Oguchi approximation in the presence of a random crystal-field (RCF). The RCF is either introduced with probability p or turned off with probability 1-p randomly. The thermal variations of the global magnetization and free energy of the system are investigated to construct the phase diagrams for the classical, quantum and anisotropic cases. Different results revealed that no qualitative changes exist between them. Quantum effects are found to be present and abundant in the quantum model in the negative D -range. This phenomenon has a strong decreasing effect on the critical temperature which becomes much lower than in the classical case. In the presence of an external field, it was observed that coercivity and remanence decrease in a wide range of the absolute temperature.
The Role of Museum Education in Raising Undergraduate Pre-service Teachers’ Disability Awareness: the Case of an Exhibition by Disabled Artists in Greece
Authors: Kanari Charikleia , Souliotou Anastasia Zoi
Published: March 2021

In the frame of the worldwide policies towards inclusion there is a need of changes, systematic strategies and actions at different levels and settings of the society including education and cultural organizations. Museums, culture and arts have a constantly increasing role towards a more cohesive and inclusive society in terms of educational, social and cultural impact and for diverse social groups that face various barriers in their full participation in social life. Furthermore, museums as nonformal learning environments and art activities can complement different levels of formal education and courses towards a better understanding of diversity. The aforementioned are of particular importance for disabled people as well as for teachers who work with disabled children and for the enrichment of student teachers’ training in issues of disability. The aim of the present study was to investigate issues of cultural representations and the reflections of undergraduate Primary Education teachers regarding disabled artists, arts, museum and education after a visit in a temporary art exhibition of disabled artists. The participants were 33 student teachers of a University Department in Greece who attended a Museum Education course and the data were obtained via questionnaires. The results revealed the value and the need for further learning opportunities in museums and other cultural environments as well as their potential contribution in combating stereotypes, enriching and broadening undergraduate Primary Education teachers’ perceptions regarding disability with implications in the fields of Museum Studies and Museum Education, Arts, Higher Education, Special and Inclusive Education.
The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in Basic Education Delivery in Ghana: Implications for Theory, Policy, and Practice
Authors: Adu-Baffoe Emmanuel , Bonney Solomon
Published: March 2021

Non-Governmental Organizations play an indispensable role in the development process in Sub-Saharan Africa. This is evident in the educational sector where most major donor organizations have increased the resources apportioned through NGOs to implement their educational programmes. However, it is sad to indicate that these interventions appear either not to have had significant impact on quality education or the contributions of the NGOs are misplaced in view of the abysmal performance of school children especially at the Basic Education Certificate Examinations in the Tamale Metropolis. The purpose of this current research is to find out the contribution of Non-Governmental Organizations activities in basic education delivery, spotlighting on Action Aid Ghana in Tamale Metropolis. This mixed method study is guided by Oregon’s Quality Education Model. Using a collective case study design, a sample size of 114 respondents comprising actors selected through purposive sampling technique engaged in basic education delivery was used for the study. The data gathered in the form of questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics while the interviews conducted were analyzed qualitatively through content analysis in codes, themes, and sub themes with the NVivo10 software. The result showed infrastructure development, provision of teaching and learning materials, capacity development of teachers, provide learning needs to students and school community sensitization as Action Aid support activities to basic education delivery in Tamale Metropolis. These activities have contributed to improved quality teaching and learning, enhanced the availability of teaching and learning materials. However, the support activities were inadequate to improve students’ performances in Basic Education Certificate Examination. In view of the findings, it was recommended that; Action Aid Ghana should set up a supervision and monitoring center in collaboration with the Education Directorate to ensure effective supervision of teaching and learning.
Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Agents Causing Moderate Damage and Souring of the Fig Fruits
Authors: Mousavi Seyedeh Asiyeh , Hasanzadeh Nader
Published: March 2021

In order to determine the factors of decay and sourness of fig fruits, in the summer of 2016-17, 60 leaf, fruit and stem samples from different regions of Tehran, Varamin (Qal'e No), Mazandaran (Amol, Noor and Sari), Lorestan from Iran and a branch of fig fruit sample from Italy were collected. We obtained 30 isolates from the sample. The pathogenicity of 30 isolates were confirmed by artificially inoculation using fig fruits. They were also characterized based on key phenotypic traits. All 30 isolates showed hypersensitivity reaction to tobacco, pelargonium and did not show pathogenicity to potato tubers. 16S rRNA gene of the 10 representative isolates were sequenced. Ten isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fulva, Brevibacterium linens, Pseudomonas fragi, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus paralicheniformis and Bacillus cereus based on the determined sequences. None of the isolates caused fruit rot but typical disease symptoms were observed on fig leaves and fruits. This is the first report of the presence of pathogenic bacteria on fig trees in Iran.
A Summary of Researches on the Quality of Home-based Care Services in China
Authors: Wang Yi-Luo , Duan Ying , Zhang Ying
Published: March 2021

With the increase of the aging of the population in china, the demand of the elderly continues to increase, which has brought great challenges to the elderly care service industry. As a new type of elderly care service, home-based care services directly affect the quality of the elderly’s health and daily life in their later years. Therefore, improving the product and quality of elderly care services has become the goal and purpose of the development of home-based care service for aged. This article uses Cite Space software to perform visual analysis of keyword clustering on existing literature, and concludes that scholars focus on the integration of medical care, social elderly care service system, service quality, and influencing factors, but the impact of service quality models and indicator systems is low. Then through the integration and induction of scholars’ research progress on home care services, existing problems in service quality, and service quality evaluation index systems, in order to continue to innovate on the basis of existing knowledge, improve the service quality index system, and focus on combing process indicators with outcome indicators effectively, thereby improving the quality of community home care services.
Air Pollution in Indian Cities and Comparison of MLR, ANN and CART Models for Predicting PM10 Concentrations in Guwahati, India
Authors: Dutta Abhishek , Jinsart Wanida
Published: March 2021

Indian cities are increasingly becoming susceptible to PM10 induced health hazards, thereby creating concern for the country’s policymakers. Air pollution is engulfing the comparatively smaller cities as the rapid pace of urbanization, and economic development seem not to lose steam. A review of air pollution of 28 cities of India, which includes tier-I, II, and III cities of India, found to have grossly violated both WHO (World Health Organisation) and NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standard of India) in respect of acceptable daily average PM10 (particulate matter less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter) concentrations by a wide margin. Predicting the city level PM10 concentrations in advance and accordingly initiate prior actions is an acceptable solution to save the city dwellers from PM10 induced health hazards. Predictive ability of three models, linear Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), nonlinear Multi-Layer Perceptron class of Artificial Neural Network (MLP ANN), and nonlinear Classification and Regression Tree (CART), for one day ahead PM10 concentration forecasting of tier-II Guwahati city, were tested with 2016–2018 daily average observed climate data, PM10, and gaseous pollutants. The results show that the non-linear algorithm MLP with feedforward backpropagation network topologies of ANN class, gives the best prediction value compared with linear MLR and nonlinear CART model. Therefore, ANN (MLP) approach may be useful to effectively derive a predictive understanding of one day ahead PM10 concentration level and thus provide a tool to the policymakers for initiating in situ measures to curb air pollution and improve public health.
Trends in extrapulmonary TB cases at three teaching hospitals in Ghana, 2008–2017
Authors: Addo S. O. , Mensah G. I. , Mosi L. , Abrahams A. , Bonfoh B. , Kazwala R. , Zinsstag J. , Addo K. K.
Published: March 2021

SETTING: Three teaching hospitals in Ghana.OBJECTIVE: To elucidate trends in demographics, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) patients.DESIGN: This was a retrospective study involving the review and comparison of
EPTB and pulmonary TB (PTB) data from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 in TB registers and treatment cards.RESULTS: Of 15,392 TB cases, 4607 (30%) were EPTB, including 4477/4607 (97%) new cases. There were 2,679/4607 (58%) males and the age range was 0.3 to 96 years. Pleural TB
(1021/4607, 22%) was the most common. Treatment success rates for EPTB and PTB were respectively 72% and 84%. HIV positivity was high among patients with disseminated/miliary TB (429/779, 55%) and TB meningitis (242/526, 46%). To note, disseminated/miliary TB (χ2 = 33.53, P
< 0.0001) increased, whereas TB meningitis (χ2 = 19.43, P < 0.0001) decreased over the 10-year period. Mortality among EPTB patients was associated with increasing age (25 years), disseminated/miliary TB, TB meningitis and HIV positivity.CONCLUSIONS:
There is male preponderance for both EPTB and PTB in Ghana. Increasing age, disseminated/ miliary TB, TB meningitis and HIV are risk factors for mortality among EPTB patients. This emphasises the need for public education on the risk factors for EPTB and preventive strategies.
An assessment of trends in the Iranian pharmaceutical market following domestic production of selected medications (2007‒2017) and new considerations for health policymakers
Authors: Zargaran Marzieh , Cheraghali Abdol Majid , Soleymani Fatemeh , Daroudi Rajabali , Sari Ali Akbari , Nikfar Shekoufeh
Published: March 2021

Background: Enacting national policies which empower the local production of medications is a promising way to improve the accessibility and affordability of medications, but this can also have unintended consequences. A number of such policies have been adopted by the Iranian government. This study was designed to examine the changes in the consumption of a number of selected pharmaceuticals which occurred in the years after these selected products began to be domestically produced. The implications of these changes were then evaluated for their potential to suggest possible policy changes. Method: A 10-year trend study was conducted to identify changes which occurred between 2007 and 2017 in the consumption of 28 selected, imported medications after they began to be domestically produced. Results: Six different medication consumption patterns were observed after the development of domestic medication production. In addition, a downward trend in the cost of medications was observed, specifically due to the introduction of domestic pharmaceuticals. Discussion: Examination of the observed changes in the consumption patterns revealed that various factors affect consumption patterns of imported medications. Significant increases in certain domestically manufactured medications indicated that local production might result in the irrational use of medications. In addition, the competitiveness of Iranian products, in terms of quality and accessibility should be considered. Conclusion: New considerations are needed for health policymakers to support domestic production of viable alternative medications. However, increased accessibility of domestically produced medications may result in greater unreasonable use of medications
@faithpwr. Auf Instagram von religiösen Erfahrungen sprechen.
Authors: Kuhn Jan
Published: March 2021

amp;faithpwr versteht sich als Social-Media-Kanal, auf dem die Nutzer:innen ihre religiösen Erfahrungen im Alltag miteinander teilen können. Die Vision für den Kanal ist es, eine Plattform zu schaffen, die zeigt, wie kreative Menschen anderen von ihrem Glauben erzählen. amp;faithpwr versteht sich dabei als digitales Lagerfeuer, das dazu genutzt werden soll, sich mit anderen Menschen über ihren Alltag und ihr Christsein auszutauschen, sich zu ermutigen, zu unterstützen, ungenutzte Potentiale offenzulegen und in jedem Fall zu inspirieren. Der Kanal hat im September 2020 seine Projektphase abgeschlossen, wurde positiv evaluiert und wird nun als Angebot digitaler Glaubenskommunikation durch das Zentrum für angewandte Pastoralforschung (zap-bochum.de) fortgeführt.
Religiöse Satire. Kunstfreiheit oder Blasphemie?
Authors: Bohrmann Thomas
Published: March 2021

Die religiöse Satire ist eine Kunstform, die durch das Grundrecht auf Meinungsfreiheit geschützt ist. Ihre Absicht besteht hauptsächlich in der Kritik von Personen und Institutionen. Dabei können satirische Äußerungen einen beleidigenden und blasphemischen Charakter für die Gläubigen haben. Durch § 116 Strafgesetzbuch werden Religionsbeschimpfungen unter Strafe gestellt, wenn sie den „öffentlichen Frieden“ gefährden. Meinungsäußerungen, von denen sich Menschen verletzt fühlen, wird es immer geben. Produzenten und Rezipienten von religiöser Satire sollten im Umgang mit dieser besonderen Kommunikationsform ethische Leitlinien beachten, hier sind vor allem Respekt, Sensibilität, Dialogbereitschaft, Gelassenheit und Toleranz zu nennen.
Effekte des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns auf die Haushaltsnettoeinkommen und den Bezug bedarfsgeprüfter Transferleistungen
Authors: Pusch Toralf , Tobsch Verena , Schmidt Tanja , Santoro Chiara
Published: March 2021

Die Effekte des gesetzlichen Mindestlohns auf die verfügbaren Einkommen in Deutschland wurden bislang eher selten untersucht. Mit dem PASS-Datensatz durchgeführte deskriptive Analysen zeigen deutliche Einkommenssteigerungen vor allem bei Beschäftigten in Ostdeutschland. Diese Ergebnisse können wir mit Quantilsregressionen bestätigen. Steigerungen bei den Haushaltsnettoeinkommen abhängig Beschäftigter reichen im Jahr 2018 etwa bis zum 25%-Punkt der Einkommensverteilung. Weiterhin zeigen unsere deskriptiven Analysen, dass der Übergang von Beschäftigung mit bedarfsgeprüftem Transferleistungsbezug in Beschäftigung ohne Transferleistungsbezug insbesondere zwischen den Jahren 2014–15 und 2015–16 erhöht war, was zeitlich mit der Einführung des Mindestlohns zusammenfällt. Unter Verwendung von Panelmodell-Schätzungen können wir eine Verringerung eines neben der Arbeit bestehenden Bezugs von bedarfsgeprüften Transferleistungen nach der Einführung des Mindestlohns bestätigen.
Unternehmensmitbestimmung und langfristige Investitionen in deutschen Unternehmen
Authors: Vitols Sigurt , Scholz Robert
Published: March 2021

Eine laufende Debatte in der Wissenschaft und in der Politik ist die Frage, ob die Finanzmärkte von Kurzfristigkeit geprägt sind. Denn auf Kurzfristigkeit orientierte Investoren üben meist Druck auf die Unternehmen aus, in die sie investiert haben, damit diese die Finanzmittel in Form von Aktienrückkäufen oder erhöhten Dividenden auszahlen, anstatt sie in langfristige Projekte zu investieren, auch wenn Letztere voraussichtlich mehr Gewinn in der Zukunft erzielen würden. In der Literatur wurde bisher kaum untersucht, welchen Einfluss Arbeitnehmervertretungen im Aufsichtsrat auf das Investitionsverhalten haben können. Der Beitrag ergänzt die Forschung zweifach. Zum einen wird der Mitbestimmungsindex (MB-ix) zur Messung der institutionell verankerten Mitbestimmungsstärke in deutschen Unternehmen verwendet. Dieser Index ist ein weitaus differenzierterer Indikator als jene, die in den existierenden quantitativen Studien bislang verwendet werden. Zweitens werden robuste Regressionsmodelle genutzt, um den Einfluss extremer Ausreißer in den Daten zu berücksichtigen. Auf Basis einer Stichprobe von mehr als 200 Unternehmen, die zwischen 2006–2018 an der deutschen Börse notiert sind, zeigt sich durch eine explorative Schätzung, dass die Stärke der Mitbestimmung (MB-ix) signifikant und positiv mit der Rate der Kapitalinvestitionen zusammenhängt.
Hellige træer i hinduismen: Et mødested i mellem religionstyper
Authors: Fibiger Marianne Qvortrup
Published: March 2021

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this article, the focus will be on the worship of tress in Hinduism in both a textual historical and a contemporary perspective. A main argument is that the worship of trees is a central part of most forms of Hinduism regardless of time and place, and also that it has contemporary and global appeal in the so-called eco-dharma movement.

DANSK RESUME: Denne artikel vil fokusere på tilbedelsen af træer i hinduisme i både et teksthistorisk og et nutidigt perspektiv. Et hovedargument er, at dyrkelsen eller tilbedelsen af træer er en central del af de fleste former for hinduisme uafhængigt af tid og sted, og også at det har nutidig og global appeal i en såkaldt øko-dharma bevægelse.
LINflow: a computational pipeline that combines an alignment-free with an alignment-based method to accelerate generation of similarity matrices for prokaryotic genomes
Authors: Tian Long , Mazloom Reza , Heath Lenwood S. , Vinatzer Boris A.
Published: March 2021

Background

Computing genomic similarity between strains is a prerequisite for genome-based prokaryotic classification and identification. Genomic similarity was first computed as Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) values based on the alignment of genomic fragments. Since this is computationally expensive, faster and computationally cheaper alignment-free methods have been developed to estimate ANI. However, these methods do not reach the level of accuracy of alignment-based methods.

Methods

Here we introduce LINflow, a computational pipeline that infers pairwise genomic similarity in a set of genomes. LINflow takes advantage of the speed of the alignment-free sourmash tool to identify the genome in a dataset that is most similar to a query genome and the precision of the alignment-based pyani software to precisely compute ANI between the query genome and the most similar genome identified by sourmash. This is repeated for each new genome that is added to a dataset. The sequentially computed ANI values are stored as Life Identification Numbers (LINs), which are then used to infer all other pairwise ANI values in the set. We tested LINflow on four sets, 484 genomes in total, and compared the needed time and the generated similarity matrices with other tools.

Results

LINflow is up to 150 times faster than pyani and pairwise ANI values generated by LINflow are highly correlated with those computed by pyani. However, because LINflow infers most pairwise ANI values instead of computing them directly, ANI values occasionally depart from the ANI values computed by pyani. In conclusion, LINflow is a fast and memory-efficient pipeline to infer similarity among a large set of prokaryotic genomes. Its ability to quickly add new genome sequences to an already computed similarity matrix makes LINflow particularly useful for projects when new genome sequences need to be regularly added to an existing dataset.
On Calculating Method of the Kelly Criterion for Financial Investment in Single Risky Asset with Various Distributions of Returns
Authors:   Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, 112-8551 Japan, Yoshida Naohiro
Published: March 2021

In this paper, the expectation of the reciprocal of first-degree polynomials of non-negative valued random variables is calculated. This is motivated to compute the Kelly criterion, which is the optimal solution of the maximization of the expected logarithm of the investment return. As soon as the expectation of the reciprocal of first-degree polynomials of asset returns is calculated, which is our main interest, the Kelly criterion can be obtained by using the ordinary optimization technique or applying the appropriate algorithm.
Superassembled Red Phosphorus Nanorod–Reduced Graphene Oxide Microflowers as High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Wang Tao , Cheng Fengli , Zhang Na , Tian Wei , Zhou Junjie , Zhang Runhao , Cao Jinchao , Luo Mingfu , Li Ning , Jiang Likun , Li Dongwei , Li Yong , Liang Kang , Liu Hong , Chen Pu , Kong Biao
Published: March 2021

Lithium‐ion battery (LIB) anodes using red phosphorus materials are promising with the advantages of high capacity, low price, and abundant reserves. However, the huge volume expansion (≈300%) of red phosphorus during the charge and discharge process significantly limits their application. Herein, superassembled red phosphorus nanorod/reduced graphene oxide microflower (RPN/rGF) composites are reported. The RPNs can accommodate huge volume expansion, shorten lithium‐ion transmission distances, and provide more conductive contacts, and the rGF serves as an electron pathway and buffers the RPN volume expansion. Experimental and finite element simulations prove the fixation of PC bonds in the RPN/rGF composite, thereby demonstrating a high capacity (1760 mA h g−1 at 0.3 C), remarkable rate capability (1073 mA h g−1 at 3 C), and great cyclability (1380 mA h g−1 at 0.3 C over 300 cycle). This work could shed light on the future development of red phosphorus composite materials for commercially viable lithium‐ion batteries.
Engineering Band‐Type Alignment in CsPbBr3 Perovskite‐Based Artificial Multiple Quantum Wells
Authors: Lee Kwang Jae , Merdad Noor A. , Maity Partha , El‐Demellawi Jehad K. , Lui Zhixiong , Sinatra Lutfan , Zhumekenov Ayan A. , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Min Jung‐Wook , Min Jung‐Hong , Gutiérrez‐Arzaluz Luis , Anjum Dalaver H. , Wei Nini , Ooi Boon S. , Alshareef Husam N. , Mohammed Omar F. , Bakr Osman M.
Published: March 2021

Semiconductor heterostructures of multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have major applications in optoelectronics. However, for halide perovskites—the leading class of emerging semiconductors—building a variety of bandgap alignments (i.e., band‐types) in MQWs is not yet realized owing to the limitations of the current set of used barrier materials. Here, artificial perovskite‐based MQWs using 2,2′,2″‐(1,3,5‐benzinetriyl)‐tris(1‐phenyl‐1‐H‐benzimidazole), tris‐(8‐hydroxyquinoline)aluminum, and 2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline as quantum barrier materials are introduced. The structures of three different five‐stacked perovskite‐based MQWs each exhibiting a different band offset with CsPbBr3 in the conduction and valence bands, resulting in a variety of MQW band alignments, i.e., type‐I or type‐II structures, are shown. Transient absorption spectroscopy reveals the disparity in charge carrier dynamics between type‐I and type‐II MQWs. Photodiodes of each type of perovskite artificial MQWs show entirely different carrier behaviors and photoresponse characteristics. Compared with bulk perovskite devices, type‐II MQW photodiodes demonstrate a more than tenfold increase in the rectification ratio. The findings open new opportunities for producing halide‐perovskite‐based quantum devices by bandgap engineering using simple quantum barrier considerations.
Ultralow Lattice Thermal Conductivity and Superhigh Thermoelectric Figure‐of‐Merit in (Mg, Bi) Co‐Doped GeTe
Authors: Xing Tong , Zhu Chenxi , Song Qingfeng , Huang Hui , Xiao Jie , Ren Dudi , Shi Moji , Qiu Pengfei , Shi Xun , Xu Fangfang , Chen Lidong
Published: March 2021

High‐efficiency thermoelectric (TE) technology is determined by the performance of TE materials. Doping is a routine approach in TEs to achieve optimized electrical properties and lowered thermal conductivity. However, how to choose appropriate dopants with desirable solution content to realize high TE figure‐of‐merit (zT) is very tough work. In this study, via the use of large mass and strain field fluctuations as indicators for low lattice thermal conductivity, the combination of (Mg, Bi) in GeTe is screened as very effective dopants for potentially high zTs. In experiments, a series of (Mg, Bi) co‐doped GeTe compounds are prepared and the electrical and thermal transport properties are systematically investigated. Ultralow lattice thermal conductivity, about 0.3 W m−1 K−1 at 600 K, is obtained in Ge0.9Mg0.04Bi0.06Te due to the introduced large mass and strain field fluctuations by (Mg, Bi) co‐doping. In addition, (Mg, Bi) co‐doping can introduce extra electrons for optimal carrier concentration and diminish the energy offset at the top of the valence band for high density‐of‐states effective mass. Via these synthetic effects, a superhigh zT of ≈2.5 at 700 K is achieved for Ge0.9Mg0.04Bi0.06Te. This study sheds light on the rational design of effective dopants in other TE materials.
Robust Cycling of Ultrathin Li Metal Enabled by Nitrate‐Preplanted Li Powder Composite
Authors: Jin Dahee , Roh Youngjoon , Jo Taejin , Ryou Myung‐Hyun , Lee Hongkyung , Lee Yong Min
Published: March 2021

Making Li metal batteries (LMBs) with thinner Li is necessary to improve the cell energy density in practice. Li metal powders (LMPs) are beneficial for the facile manufacturing of thin Li, flexible cell design, and the 3D control of Li plating/stripping. However, the inhomogeneous surfaces of commercial LMPs limit their practical use in LMBs. Herein, a 20 µm‐thick, LiNO3 preplanted LMP (LN‐LMP) composite electrode, rationally designed for LMP surface stabilization, is presented. The addition of LiNO3 into the slurry uniformly modified the LMP surface by N‐rich solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). Preplanted LiNO3 further acts as a reservoir for the sustainable release into the electrolyte, thereby repairing the SEI upon cycling. The LMBs with LN‐LMP exhibited excellent cycling performances (450 cycles at 87.3% retention) compared to the control cells, and even outperformed the cells with LiNO3‐containing electrolytes. Further verification with high loading of a LiNixMnyCo1–x–yO2 (NMC) cathode demonstrated the feasibility of the practical cells and the versatility of the thin, LN‐LMP anode combined with advanced electrolytes.
Associations of loneliness with risk of Alzheimer's disease dementia in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Akhter‐Khan Samia C. , Tao Qiushan , Ang Ting Fang Alvin , Itchapurapu Indira Swetha , Alosco Michael L. , Mez Jesse , Piers Ryan J. , Steffens David C. , Au Rhoda , Qiu Wei Qiao
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The relationship between persistent loneliness and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. We examined the relationship between different types of mid‐life loneliness and the development of dementia and AD.

Methods

Loneliness was assessed in cognitively normal adults using one item from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. We defined loneliness as no loneliness, transient loneliness, incident loneliness,or persistent loneliness, and applied Cox regression models and Kaplan‐Meier plots with dementia and AD as outcomes (n = 2880).

Results

After adjusting for demographics, social network, physical health, and apolipoprotein E ε4, persistent loneliness was associated with higher (hazard ratio [HR], 1.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–2.90; P < .01), and transient loneliness with lower (HR, 0.34; 95% CI 0.14–0.84; P < .05), risk of dementia onset, compared to no loneliness. Results were similar for AD risk.

Discussion

Persistent loneliness in mid‐life is an independent risk factor for dementia and AD, whereas recovery from loneliness suggests resilience to dementia risk.
Functionalization of Silk by AIEgens through Facile Bioconjugation: Full‐Color Fluorescence and Long‐Term Bioimaging
Authors: Liu Chenchen , Bai Haotian , He Benzhao , He Xuewen , Zhang Jianyu , Chen Chao , Qiu Yanping , Hu Rong , Zhao Fangxin , Zhang Yunxiao , He Wei , Chau Joe H. C. , Chen Sijie , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: March 2021

Silkworm silk is a promising natural biopolymer for textile and biomedical applications for its remarkable flexibility, excellent biocompatibility and controllable biodegradability. The functionalization of silks makes them more versatile for flexible displays and visible bioscaffolds. However, fluorescent silks are normally fabricated through unstable physical absorption or complicated chemical reactions under harsh conditions. Herein, we developed a simple strategy for preparing fluorescent silks. Five aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) with activated alkynes were synthesized by rational molecular design, and then reacted with silk fibers through facile metal‐free click bioconjugation. The resulting conjugates show bright full‐color emissions and high stability. A white light‐emitting silk was fabricated by simultaneous bioconjugation with red‐, green‐ and blue‐emissive AIEgens. The red‐emissive AIEgen‐functionalized silks were successfully applied for long‐term cell tracking and two‐photon bioimaging, demonstrating great potential for tissue engineering and bioscaffold monitoring.
Redox‐Neutrale Selen‐katalysierte Isomerisierung von para‐Hydroxamsäuren zu para‐Aminophenolen
Authors: Chuang Hsiang‐Yu , Schupp Manuel , Meyrelles Ricardo , Maryasin Boris , Maulide Nuno
Published: March 2021

Über eine Selen‐katalysierte para‐Hydroxylierung von N‐Arylhydroxamsäuren wird berichtet. Mechanistisch verläuft diese über N‐O‐Bindungsbruch und nachfolgende Selen‐induzierte [2,3]‐Umlagerungen um para‐Hydroxylanilinderivate zu erzeugen. Der Mechanismus wurde sowohl mittels 18O‐Überkreuzungsexperimenten als auch quantenchemischen Berechnungen untersucht. Diese redox‐neutrale Transformation ermöglicht einen ungewöhnlichen synthetischen Zugang zu para‐Aminophenolen.
Threefold Collaborative Stabilization of Ag14‐Nanorods by Hydrophobic Ti16‐Oxo Clusters and Alkynes: Designable Assembly and Solid‐State Optical‐Limiting Application
Authors: Fan Xi , Yuan Furong , Li Dejing , Chen Shuai , Cheng Zhibin , Zhang Zhangjing , Xiang Shengchang , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Zhang Jian , Zhang Lei
Published: March 2021

Ag nanoclusters have received increasing attention due to their atomically precise and diverse structures and intriguing optical properties. Nevertheless, the inherent instability of Ag nanoclusters has seriously hindered their practical application. In this work, for the first time, Ag clusters are collaboratively protected by hydrophobic Ti‐oxo clusters and alkyne ligands. Initially, a pyramidal Ag5 cluster terminated with tBuC≡C− and CH3CN was inserted into the cavity of a Ti8‐oxo nanoring to form Ag5@Ti8. To overcome the instability of acetonitrile‐terminated silver site, such two Ag5@Ti8 clusters could sandwich an Ag4 unit to form Ag14‐nanorod@Ti16‐oxo‐nanoring (Ag14@Ti16), which is peripherally protected by fluorophenyl groups and alkyne caps. This threefold protected (hydrophobic fluorinated organic layer, Ti‐O shell, and terminal alkyne ligands) Ag14@Ti16 exhibits superhydrophobicity and excellent ambient stability, endowing it with solid‐state optical limiting characteristics.
Hematite Photoanodes for Water Oxidation: Electronic Transitions, Carrier Dynamics, and Surface Energetics
Authors: Li Jingguo , Chen Hang , Triana Carlos A. , Patzke Greta R.
Published: March 2021

We review the current understanding of charge carriers in model hematite photoanodes at different stages. The origin of charge carriers is discussed based on the electronic structure and absorption features, highlighting the controversial assignment of the electronic transitions near the absorption edge. Next, the dynamic evolution of charge carriers is analyzed both on the ultrafast and on the surface reaction timescales, with special emphasis on the arguable spectroscopic assignment of electrons/holes and their kinetics. Further, the competitive charge transfer centers at the solid–liquid interface are reviewed, and the chemical nature of relevant surface states is updated. Finally, an overview on the function of widely employed surface cocatalysts is given to illustrate the complex influence of physiochemical modifications on the charge carrier dynamics. The understanding of charge carriers from their origin all the way to their interfacial transfer is vital for the future of photoanode design.