bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors Associated with Extensively Drug-Resistant Typhoid in an Outbreak Setting of Lyari Town Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Batool Rabab , Qureshi Sonia , Yousafzai Mohammad Tahir , Kazi Momin , Ali Miqdad , Qamar Farah Naz
Published: March 2022

Typhoid fever is endemic in Pakistan, with high annual incidence rates. An outbreak of extensively drug-resistant typhoid fever that first started in the Hyderabad district of Sindh province in November 2016 immediately spread to the whole province. We conducted an age-matched case–control study to assess the risk factors of typhoid fever in an outbreak setting of Lyari Town, Karachi. We enrolled 82 patients with blood culture-confirmed Salmonella typhi between August 2019 to December 2019, 82 age-matched hospital and 164 age-matched community control subjects. In a matched conditional logistic regression model, consumption of meals outside the home more than once per month was associated significantly with developing culture-confirmed typhoid fever compared with no consumption of food outside the home (odds ratio, 4.11). Hygiene of the environment in which food is prepared, practices of adult food handlers, access to clean water, and food legislation play significant roles in the spread of typhoid fever.
A Study on Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic across the World
Authors: Pallavi DR , Ramachandran M , Vimala Saravanan , Sowmiya S , Anusuya Periyasamy
Published: March 2022

The corona virus outbreak was first reported in late 2019 and has now been declared an epidemic by the World Health Organization. The nations of the world respond differently to this virus. Delays in detection and response have been recorded in China and other major countries, placing a huge burden on local health systems. We also discuss future public health policy and, in particular, the implications for disease control practices. pidemiology presents important lessons for strengthening health systems through better interaction between public health, primary care and secondary care to better cope with future waves of this epidemic and other epidemics.
Reverse and Same Phase Hydraulic 4WS System for Solar Vehicle
Authors:   Kogakuin University, JAPAN, Hayakawa Yuta , Hamane Hiroto ,   Kogakuin University, JAPAN, Nakamura Akihiko ,   Kogakuin University Solar Vehicle Research Center, JAPAN
Published: March 2022

"This paper introduces hydraulic 4WS system developed for the solar vehicles that participated in the 2017 and 2019 Bridgestone World Solar Challenges. This is the world's first solar powered vehicle to demonstrate hydraulic 4WS. The reverse phase 4WS allows the layout of steered tires are in a limited vehicle body space. Furthermore, in order to convert the crosswind into propulsion when the vehicle receives a crosswind, same phase 4WS was developed. The 2017 vehicle introduced a hydraulic 4WS system with multi-link and rigid suspension. In 2019 vehicles, 4WS was introduced to the trailing arm suspension. The same phase steering angle can be controlled from the driver's seat. The hydraulic circuit uses three cylinders. There is a cylinder mounted on the front steering mechanism, a cylinder that steers the rear wheels, and a centering cylinder that is responsible for adjusting and restoring the center position in the middle. When a load is input to the front cylinder, the centering cylinder and the rear cylinder operate. The steering unit consists of a rack and pinion gear that changes the steering wheel into linear motion, a front cylinder and a stopper which starts the operation of the 4WS. Normally, only the front wheels are steered by rack and pinion gears. When the steering is turned beyond a certain turning angle, the 4WS is driven for the first time by the stopper. The centering cylinder is loaded with an initial load by a spring. When the load on the front cylinder is stopped, all cylinders return to the initial position. In addition, the centering cylinder mechanism was designed so that the set length of the spring could be adjusted. The initial positions of the three cylinders can be adjusted by adjusting the spring set length. That is, same phase 4WS can be realized by this adjustment. This papers that hydraulic 4WS can be introduced for two different suspensions. The proposed systems were successfully tested on 3000 km of public roads in Australia. This paper introduces Reverse and Same Phase Hydraulic 4WS system."
Agile Software Design Verification and Validation (V&V) for Automated Driving
Authors:   Nagoya University, JAPAN, Li Yixiao , Matsubara Yutaka ,   Nagoya University, JAPAN, Olbrys Daniel ,   Toyota Research Institute - Advanced Development, Inc., UNITED STATES, Kajio Kazuhiro ,   Toyota Research Institute - Advanced Development, Inc., JAPAN, Inada Takashi ,   Toyota Research Institute - Advanced Development, Inc., JAPAN, Takada Hiroaki ,   Nagoya University, JAPAN
Published: March 2022

Automated Driving System (ADS) generally consists of 3 functions 1) Recognition, 2) Planning, 3) Control. Precise vehicle localization and accurate recognition of objects (vehicle, pedestrian, lane, traffic sign, etc.) are typically based on high-definition dynamic maps and data from multiple sensors (e.g. Camera, LiDAR, Radar). Planners, especially those for optimal path and trajectory, tend to be computationally intensive. Many applications in ADS use machine learning techniques such as DNN (Deep Neural Network), which further increase the demand for computing power. To parallelly process massive tasks and data in real-time, scalable software and high-performance SoC (System on Chip) with many CPUs or processing cores, and hardware accelerators (e.g. GPU, DLA) have been adopted. However, ADS software and SoC hardware architecture are so large and complex that software validation at later testing phase is inefficient and costly. Due to continuous ADS software evolution and iterations, software redesign will occur much more frequently than traditional automotive systems. The productivity of software validation must be improved to avoid the unacceptable bloat of required effort and time. This paper explores how to obtain optimal ADS software scheduling design and how to enable agile ADS software V&V (Verification and Validation) in order to release the product in short development cycle. The proposed agile software V&V framework integrates the design verification with scheduling simulator in PC and the validation with debugging and tracing tools for the hardware target, which is usually an embedded board. We developed utility tools to make the proposed framework seamless and automated. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed framework can efficiently explore the optimal scheduling design (e.g. scheduling policy, thread priority, core affinity) satisfying several non-functional requirements (e.g. response time, CPU utilization) for ADS. We also proved that the framework is practical and can be incorporated into agile ADS software development by validating it through the project. Key words: - Automated Driving System (ADS) - System on Chip (SOC) - Deep Neural Network (DNN) - Optimal Scheduling Design - Verification and Validation (V&V)
Yeni Bir VOOK Modülatör Mimarisinin Tasarımı
Authors: SONMEZ Mehmet
Published: March 2022

Görünür Işık Haberleşme (VLC: Visible Light Communication) Sistemlerinin gelişimi, araştırmacıların optik kablosuz sistemlere yöneliminin artmasını birlikte getirmiştir. Bu nedenle yapılan çalışmada karartma kontrolü sağlayan Değişken Aç-Kapa Anahtarlama (VOOK: Variable On-Off Keying) yöntemi için sayısal devre tabanlı bir mimari önerilmiştir. Özellikle literatürde ilk kez olarak, VOOK sinyalini üretebilmek için bir adaptif verici tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Geleneksel sistemde kod sözcüklerinin değiştirilmesi durumunda, karartma seviyesi bilgilerinin yer aldığı sabit saklayıcıların tamamının değiştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca, bazı bloklar giriş uç değişikliği nedeniyle yeniden tasarlanmalıdır. Ancak önerilen sistemde, karartma seviyesinin değişimi için sisteme sadece karartma seviyesi bilgisi girilerek üretilen VOOK sinyalin karartma seviyesi kontrol edilebilmektedir. Ayrıca VLC-VOOK sistemler için bir alıcı tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Önerilen tasarımlar FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays: Alanda Programlanabilir Kapı Dizileri) derleyicisi Quartus programında oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada VOOK yönteminin hata performans analizini gerçekleştirebilmek için bir gürültü üreteci sisteme entegre edilmiş olup, bir Bit Hata Oranı (BER: Bit Error Rate) hesaplayıcısı sisteme uygulanmıştır. Simülasyon sonuçlarında %30, %40 ve %50 karartma seviyeli VOOK sinyaller için bir karşılaştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan donanımsal tasarım, gerçek zamanlı FPGA uygulamaları için simülasyon tabanlı bir model oluşturmaktadır.
MINORÍAS, NACIONALIDADES Y MINORÍAS NACIONALES. LA PROBLEMÁTICA APLICACIÓN EN ESPAÑA DEL CONVENIO MARCO PARA LA PROTECCIÓN DE LAS MINORÍAS NACIONALES DEL CONSEJO DE EUROPA
Authors: RUIZ VIEYTEZ EDUARDO J.
Published: March 2022

El Convenio Marco para la protección de las Minorías Nacionales constituye en la
actualidad el único instrumento jurídico internacional específicamente dedicado a la regulación
de los derechos de las minorías nacionales de todo tipo. Su aplicación por los Estados parte es
liderada por un Comité Consultivo de expertos independientes. Los resultados de los dos ciclos
de control completados hasta la fecha para el caso de España han puesto de manifiesto la
muy limitada aplicación que se viene haciendo de este instrumento. En este artículo pretendemos
analizar las posibilidades de extensión del ámbito personal de aplicación del Convenio en
el caso del Estado español, usando para ello como instrumento principal las opiniones vertidas
por el propio Comité Consultivo respecto a otros países europeos que presentan realidades minoritarias
similares.

Nazio-gutxiengoak Babesteko Esparru Hitzarmena gaur egun nazioarteko tresna
juridiko bakarra da era bateko zein besteko nazio-gutxiengoen eskubideak arautzeaz berariaz
arduratzeko. Kide diren estatuetan nola aplikatu, aditu independenteen aholku-batzorde baten
iritziaren araberakoa da. Espainian orain arte birritan egin dira kontrol-lanak, eta horiek erakutsi
dutenez, aipagai dugu tresna hori oso neurri txikian aplikatzen da Espainian. Artikulu honen
bidez, Espainiaren kasuan hitzarmenaren ezarpen-eremua hedatzerik dagoen edo ez ikusi nahi
dugu, horretarako tresna nagusi gisa aholku-batzordeak berak antzeko gutxiengoak dituzten Europako
beste herrialde batzuei buruz esandakoak erabilita.

The Framework Convention to the Protection of National Minorities is nowadays
the only international legal instrument specifically devoted to the regulation of the rights of
any national minoritiy. Its application by the Member States is leaded by a Consultive Committee
of independent experts. The results for Spain of the up to now two cicles of monitoring
show the very limited application of this legal instrument. In this article we try to analyze the
possibilities for the extension of the personal scope of the application of the Convention in the
case of Spain, using as main instrument the opinions delivered by the same Consultive Committee
relating to other European countries which have similar minority realities.
LOS DERECHOS FUNDAMENTALES EN EL ESPACIO EUROPEO DE LIBERTAD, SEGURIDAD Y JUSTICIA PENAL
Authors: ETXEBERRIA GURIDI JOSÉ FRANCISCO
Published: March 2022

Ante las dificultades que plantea la homogeneización de los ordenamientos jurídicos en el espacio europeo, se ha pretendido sustituir dicha aproximación mediante el recurso al principio de reconocimiento mutuo de resoluciones. Este principio se fundamenta al mismo tiempo en la mutua confianza, tanto respecto de los sistemas penales de los otros Estados, como en su funcionamiento. La aplicación de dichos principios en el ámbito de la cooperación judicial penal en el espacio europeo no resulta viable, sin embargo, sin una previa estrategia de aproximación en relación con las garantías procesales esenciales. Aproximación más necesaria cuanto más intensa sea la injerencia que las actuaciones procesales suponen
en la esfera de los derechos fundamentales del individuo.

Europako esparruan ordenamendu juridikoak homogeneizatzeak dakartzan zailtasunak ikusita, hurbilketa hori egin ordez, elkarren ebazpenak onartzeko printzipioa aplikatu nahi izan da. Printzipio horren oinarrian, aldi berean, elkarrenganako konfiantza dago, bai beste estatuetako zigor-sistemei dagokienez, bai horien funtzionamenduari dagokionez. Europako espazioan zigor-arloko lankidetza judizialaren esparruan printzipio horiek aplikatzea ezinezkoa izango da, ordea, baldin eta aldez aurretik hurbiltze-estrategia bat bideratzen ez bada prozesuko oinarrizko bermeen inguruan. Hurbilketa hori beharrezkoagoa izango da prozesuko jarduketek norbanakoaren oinarrizko eskubideen esparruan duten eragina handitzen den heinean.

In view of the difficulties that raise the harmonization of legal orders within the European space, that approach was expected to be substituted for the principle of mutual recognition of decisions. At the same time, this principle is based on mutual trust, both with regard to criminal systems from other Member States and their operation. Nevertheless, if there is not a previous strategy of approach towards the essential procedural rights, the application
of those mentioned principles to the field of criminal judicial cooperation within the European space would be considered not feasible. The deeper will be the interference by the procedural authorities into the sphere of the individual¿s fundamental rights, the more necessary will be the approach.
Оценка человеческого капитала с позиции инвестиционных расходов
Authors: Тетеринец Т.А.
Published: March 2022

В статье приведены теоретические основы формирования человеческого капитала в контексте современной трансформации существующих концепций. Рассмотрены методологические подходы к его количественной оценке с позиции содержания изучаемого объекта и возможности преломления в плоскость математического измерения. Исследованы концептуальные основы амортизации человеческого капитала, механизмы алгоритмирования с учетом этапов жизненного цикла и траекторий изменения его составляющих. Представлена и апробирована методика определения величины человеческого капитала с точки зрения инвестиционных расходов. Проведен анализ изменений количественной величины человеческого капитала в контексте социальных ориентиров Беларуси. Дана оценка уровня его износа с учетом пенсионного обеспечения населения. Выявлены структурные дисбалансы национального богатства экономики Беларуси на основе соотношений оценок человеческого и физического капитала.
Founder Role Identity Strategy, Entrepreneurial Attitude and Entrepreneurial Proclivity among Potential Retirees in Plateau State
Authors: Shikpup Longret Geoffrey , Dakung Reuel Johnmark , Gajere Monica C.
Published: March 2022

This study seeks to examine the effect of founder role identity on entrepreneurial proclivity using the mediating role of entrepreneurial attitude. To achieve this purpose,four objectives were established: firstly, to determine the relationship between founder role identity and entrepreneurial proclivity, secondly to determine the relationship between founder role identity and attitude, thirdly, to determine the relationship between attitude and entrepreneurial proclivity, and lastly to determine the extent to which attitude mediate the relationship between founder role identity and entrepreneurial proclivity. Given the purpose of this study, the cross-sectional survey design was used to collate data from a population of 510 potential retirees of the Bureau for Establishment, Plateau State Secretariat. The Krejcie and Morgan sample size selection model was used to determine the sample size of 226 potential retirees randomly selected from the state secretariate in Jos.The data was properly analysed using multiple regression analysis. The results of the findings indicated that there was a positive relationship between Founder role identity and entrepreneurial proclivity, secondly Founder role identity has significant influence on attitude, thirdly attitude has significant influence on entrepreneurial proclivity, and lastly entrepreneurial attitude function as an important intermediary in the relationship between founder role identity and entrepreneurial proclivity. In conclusion, founder role identity should be planted in the perceptions of potential retirees as it helps significantly in influencing their participation in business. Also, Policy makers and the government should increase their participation in the entrepreneurial training and development of potential retirees to expand their ability that will result to starting a business before and after retirement.
Interspecific and Intergeneric Hybrids of Aerides Species with Rhynchostylis coelestis Rchb.f. and Germination of Hybrid Seeds In Vitro
Authors: Jitsopakul Nipawan , Chunthaworn Atcharaporn , Pongket Urailuck , Thammasiri Kanchit
Published: March 2022

The beautiful Thai orchid species are Aerides and Rhynchostylis coelestis Rchb.f. that hybrids are valued for potted plants or cut flowers. Interspecific hybridization of Aerides species and intergeneric hybridization of Aerides species with Rhynchodtylis coelestis were investigated to observe their cross ability and the germination of hybrid seeds in vitro. The successful crosses were 4 interspecific hybrids including A. multiflora × A. houlletiana, A. odoratum × A. multiflora, A. odoratum × A. houlletiana, A. falcata × A. houlletiana (40 to 100 % pod formation) and 3 intergeneric hybrids including A. multiflora × R. coelestis, A. houlletiana × R. coelestis and A. falcata × R. coelestis (83 to 100 % pod formation). The age and size of mature pods of interspecific hybrids were 106 to 181 days with length of 1.40 to 2.37 cm and width of 0.70 to 1.23 cm and intergeneric hybrids were 93 to 165 days with length of 1.75 to 2.68 cm and width of 0.81 to 1.18 cm after pollination. Seeds of 4 interspecific and 3 intergeneric hybrids germinated into protocorms after sowing on VW (1949) agar medium for 26 to 84 days and 35 to 50 days, respectively. Hybrid plantlets with well-developed shoots and roots for 150 days after cultured on modified VW (1949) agar medium supplemented with 100 g L–1 banana, 150 mL L–1 coconut water, 20 g L–1 sucrose, 2 g L–1 activated charcoal, 7 g L–1 agar, and pH 5.2 at 25 ± 2 °C under light condition for 16 h day–1.  Hybrid plantlets were transplanted into greenhouse condition after 180 days showed 100 % survival and grew. The successful hybridization of Aerides hybrids can be applied for production new varieties of orchids.

HIGHLIGHTS

The genus Aerides is one of the most beautiful Thai orchids that flowers have variation in shapes, sizes, and color for potted plants or cut flowers. Rhynchostylis coelestisf. is native to Thailand that the flower colors are purple used for trades and making hybrids

There are reported on interspecific hybridization of some Aerides without intergeneric hybridization with Rhynchostylis coelestis Rchb.f

The ability to interspecific hybridization of Aerides and intergeneric hybridization between Aerides spp. with Rhynchostylis coelestis Rchb.f. were successful for pod formation, seed germination and developed into plantlets

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Agile Teams and Lean Methods in a Tertiary Care Hospital During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Al Fannah Jehan , Al Harthy Harith , Khamis Faryal , Al Awaidy Salah T. , Al Salmi Qasem
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To share the experience of Agile Teams using Lean Method to facilitate improvement projects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A tertiary hospital in Oman mobilized agile teams using lean methods to streamline the workflow during the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic in year 2020. Results: The collaborative network generated by the agile teams increased interdepartmental engagement within the hospital and trimmed workflows, thus improving patient care despite the pandemic. Conclusions: Agile teams using lean methods demonstrably enhance collaboration and efficiency in healthcare, leading to improved patient care.
Prêt-à-Porter, Paris and Women
Authors: Romano Alexis
Published: March 2022

In the first critical history of French ready-made fashion, Alexis Romano examines an array of cultural sources, including surviving garments, fashion magazines, film, photography and interviews, to weave together previously disparate historical narratives. The resulting volume – Prêt-à-Porter: Paris and Women – situates the ready-made in wider cultural discourses of art, design, urbanism, technology and international policy.

Through a close study of fashion magazines, including Vogue and Elle, Romano reveals how the French ready-made and the genre of fashion photography in France developed in tandem. Analyses of representations of space, women and prêt-à-porter in such magazines – alongside other cultural ephemera such as contemporary film, documentary photography and family photographs – demonstrate that popular conceptions of fashion and modernity shifted in the period 1945–68.

By connecting national and personal histories, Prêt-à-Porter: Paris and Women reveals the importance of the ready-made to broader narratives of postwar reconstruction, national identity, gender and international dialogue.
Performing for Motion Capture
Authors: Dower John , Langdale Pascal
Published: March 2022

Want to be the next Andy Serkis as Gollum in Lord of the Rings? Or Zoe Saldana in Avatar? How about Seth MacFarlane in Ted? Or do you want to star in video games such as Fortnite, Call of Duty or Halo?

If so, this book will tell you everything you need to know about acting for motion capture.

This is the first book to provide an invaluable resource for the education of the next generation of performers in this exciting medium. Over the last 10 years, a revolution has occurred in digital production – video games have overtaken the film and TV industries in terms of production and revenues. Many video games derive their digital animation from human performance by means of motion and performance capture. Actors such as Andy Serkis and Troy Baker have won critical acclaim for their digital performance in games and film.

The book includes contributions from practitioners working across the globe, including: actor Kezia Burrows; software developer Stéphane Dalbera; director Kate Saxon; a group of Japanese games directors; Jeremy Meunier, Head of Motion Capture at Moov studios, Montreal; Marc Morisseau, motion editor for Avatar; and a Chinese Motion Capture suit manufacturer.
The Fashion Show Goes Live
Authors: Halliday Rebecca
Published: March 2022

Beginning with Alexander McQueen’s infamous attempt to live stream his 2009 Plato’s Atlantis collection on SHOWStudio, this book traces how digital and social media have disrupted social structures within the field of fashion, and transformed the way it is communicated and consumed. Analysing key case studies, from Chanel, Givenchy, Yeezy and Opening Cermony to interactive social media and ‘see now buy now’ campaigns from Burberry, Topshop and Tommy Hilfiger, The Fashion Show Goes Live analyses the mode and impact of fashion shows’ transmission. Through the rise of experimental film, fashion shows tailored for media transmission and the use of live streaming and social media to render shows ‘immediate’ to consumers, fashion weeks – and fashion shows – have become not just trend barometers but material sites that demonstrate media’s effects.

Rebecca Halliday evaluates the performativity of consumer relations to such live streams and other mediatized content. In linking these relations back to fashion show footage, she demonstrates that although intended to communicate fashion to mass audiences, these practices also promote it as exclusive and aspirational. Despite democratized, international access to content, the shows themselves remain elite events; kindling new forms of consumer attention, interaction, immaterial labour and desire.

Through the microcosm of the fashion show, The Fashion Show Goes Live asks broader socio-political questions about the effects of the fashion industry's mediatization, challenging the notion that new technology has fostered inclusivity.
The City as Subject
Authors: Loeb Carolyn S.
Published: March 2022

In The City as Subject, Carolyn S. Loeb examines distinctive bodies of public art in Berlin: legal and illegal murals painted in West Berlin in the 1970s and 1980s, post-reunification public sculptures, and images and sites from the street art scene. Her careful analyses show how these developed new architectural and spatial vocabularies that drew on the city’s infrastructure and daily urban experience. These works challenged mainstream urban development practices and engaged with citizen activism and with a wider civic discourse about what a city can be.

Carolyn S. Loeb examines distinctive bodies of public art in Berlin: legal and illegal murals painted in West Berlin in the 1970s and 1980s, post-reunification public sculptures, and images and sites from the street art scene. Her careful analyses show how these developed new architectural and spatial vocabularies that drew on the city’s infrastructure and daily urban experience. These works challenged mainstream urban development practices and engaged with citizen activism and with a wider civic discourse about what a city can be.
The Classical Animated Documentary and Its Contemporary Evolution
Authors: Formenti Cristina
Published: March 2022

The Classical Animated Documentary and Its Contemporary Evolution is the first book to provide an historical insight into the animated documentary.

Drawing on archival research and textual analysis, it shows how this form, usually believed to be strictly contemporaneous, instead took shape in the 1940s. Cristina Formenti integrates a theoretical and a historical approach in order to shed new light on the animated documentary as a form as well as on the work of renowned studios such as The Walt Disney Studios, Halas & Batchelor, National Film Board of Canada and never before addressed ones, such as Corona Cinematografica. She also highlights the differences and the similarities existing among the animated documentaries created between the 1940s and the mid-1980s and those produced today so as to demonstrate how the latter do not represent a complete otherness in respect to the former, but rather an evolution.
The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Interior Design
Authors: Hinchman Mark
Published: March 2022

This seminal text demystifies the terminology around being an interior designer today, providing definitions of processes, techniques, features, and even some historical terms that a designer must know. The dictionary now includes coverage of sustainability, smart materials, new technologies and processes. Coverage of non-Western cultures is expanded and provides insights into their influence in a global marketplace. This comprehensive reference covers multiple aspects of interior design and architecture, addressing structural and decorative features of interiors and their furnishings, business practices, green design, universal design, commercial and residential interiors, new workplace design, and institutional and hospitality facilities.
Cat Power's Moon Pix
Authors: Kozloskie Donna
Published: March 2022

Moon Pix was conceived during a hallucinatory waking nightmare in the South Carolina home of Chan Marshall one fateful day in 1997. Spirits violently swam up around her house, looming at the windows, beckoning her to join them. Her and her acoustic guitar warded them off song after song, nearly the entire album rushed forth onto a tape recorder that night. Facts, fictions and visions ripple throughout the accounts of Moon Pix from every angle— memories of screaming at an audience, spirals of drunkenness, swimming with sharks in Australia, intense, resonant lyrics and thunderstorms ringing through speakers. Like all legends, the aura surrounding them is an impression, a sensory feeling of unreliable memories: layers of stories become histories.

Through interviews with key players, audience member accounts, fictional narrative imaginings, a collection of record reviews and other explorations of truth, this book, like Moon Pix itself, is an ode to the myth within the music and the music within the myth.
Romy Schneider
Authors: Hallet Marion
Published: March 2022

The beautiful Austrian-born Romy Schneider was one of Europe’s most popular film stars and a cult figure from the moment she played ‘Sissi’ (Empress Elisabeth of Austria) in the hugely popular Sissi trilogy in the mid-1950s. Although Schneider died in 1982, she continues to be one of the most popular stars in European cinema history. This book analyses her impressive career to place her within a range of European female stars, particularly Germanic and French, who defined cultural and ideological images of femininity on European screens.

Schneider, who worked and was celebrated in Austria, Germany, Hollywood, and France, represents a fascinating case study to explore key questions of trans-European and transnational stardom, and Marion Hallet makes a valuable intervention in this growing field within star studies. Romy Schneider: A Star Across Europe shows how the representations of women stemming from Schneider’s star image supported specific and shifting cultural and social agendas regarding femininity, from the 1950s to the 1980s. This book explores the significance of Schneider’s image both when she was working and since, within Western European film culture and celebrity culture.
Urgensi dan Strategi Penguatan Literasi Media dan Digital dalam Pembelajaran Agama Islam
Authors: Agus Sulistyo  , Ismarti
Published: March 2022

Learning media is important component in the learning Islamic Religion Education. In the learning process on digital era, the teacher teachers are expected to be able to use various forms of instructional media. Therefore, media literacy and digital literacy must be owned by the teacher. These literacy were about the ability to know the various forms of digital learning media and understand the way, usability, function and purpose of use in the learning process. These are to make learning process more effective and efficient in delivering learners to achieve the planned learning objectives. This paper aimed to: (1) describe the role of media that can be used in the learning process of Islamic religion education; (2) to highlight the challenges of Islamic education in digital era; (3) to highlight urgency media literacy and digital literacy for Islamic religion teachers; and (40 to recommend the strategies for strengthening media literacy and digital literacy in Islamic religion education learning process.
EFFECT OF MATERNAL IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA ON PLACENTAL WEIGHT TO BIRTH WEIGHT RATIO IN TERM INFANTS
Authors: Shamila Ijaz Munir  , Shafaq Saeed Farooqi  , Mahnaz Gondal
Published: March 2022

Background: A well-functioning placenta is important for fetal growth and it’s weight indicates whether it is functioning well or not. High and low placenta to birth weight ratio is found to have adverse fetal outcome. Placental to birth weight ratio can act as an indicator of low maternal hemoglobin concentrations in pregnancy.

Objectives: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women and to compare the mean ratio of placenta to birth weight in women with iron deficiency anemia versus non-anemic women.

Study design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study.

Settings: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore

Study duration: This study was conducted over a period of 6 months, from October 2019 to March 2020.

Materials & Methods: A total of 93 women with singleton pregnancy of cephalic presentation, having low hemoglobin were included. Patients with multiple pregnancy, Chronic Liver Disease and Chronic Renal Failure were excluded. In all women 5 milliliters (ml.) blood sample was sent to institutional laboratory for ferritin levels and iron deficiency anemia was noted. After this, placental to birth weight ratio was measured.

Results: The age range of participants was from 18 to 40 years in this study,  the mean of age was 30.48 ± 4.27 years. Most of the patients i.e. 52 (55.91%) were multipara. In this study, the haemoglobin (Hb) <9 gm/dl and serum Ferritin level <15ng/ml was taken as positive for iron deficiency anaemia. The frequency of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women was found to be (43.01%). Mean ratio of placenta weight to fetal weight in women with iron deficiency anemia versus non-anemic women was found to be 0.20 ± 0.02 versus 0.20 ± 0.01 (p value = 0.804).

Conclusion: This study concluded that frequency of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women is quite high with no significant difference of mean placenta to fetal weight ratio in women with iron deficiency anemia as compared to non-anemic women.
Maximize Machine Volumetric Performance by Minimizing Plane Squareness Error
Authors:   The Boeing Company, Fink Michael
Published: March 2022

In a 3 axis orthogonal machine frame, there are 21 parametric error sources: 3 linear positioning, 6 straightness, 9 angular, and 3 plane squareness errors. Of all the sources of error, the squareness errors can quickly dominate the volumetric performance of the machine. In industry, the existing traditional methods of evaluating squareness errors typically do a poor job of evaluating this critical error. Traditional methods for evaluating squareness errors are: physical square and indicator, laser straightness and pentaprism, crossed ball bar or gage block, machine checking gage, telescoping ball bar, or similar type methods. These conventional methods are typically confined to lengths much shorter than the total length of the plane and often evaluate the plane squareness at a single point location within the plane. However, due to the effects of the angular and straightness geometric errors in the machine travel, the squareness will vary as a function of position within the plane. Single point evaluation methods of determining the plane squareness result in residual squareness errors that can dominate the machine volumetric performance. What is needed is a simple measurement process that will evaluate the average squareness for the total length of the plane (or working volume) using multiple data points. This paper will describe a simple robust method for evaluating plane squareness error by effectively averaging multiple squareness measurements using linear laser interferometer measurement and the law of cosines for data evaluation. This process also eliminates any errors of length within the plane from influencing the squareness error determination. The net effect has been an improvement of volumetric performance on every machine where this process has been implemented.
Uncertainty Tool For Large Data Acquisition System
Authors:   SGT Inc. Metrology Services at the NASA Glenn Research Center Calibration Laboratory, Fulop Mihaela
Published: March 2022

This paper introduces an uncertainty model and analyzer tool being developed for one of the world’s largest space environmental test facilities—the Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility (B•2) located at NASA Glenn Research Center’s Plum Brook Station near Sandusky, Ohio. The B•2 is the world’s only facility capable of testing full-scale upper-stage launch vehicles and rocket engines under simulated high-altitude conditions (NASA Glenn Research Center, Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility (B•2), http://facilities.grc.nasa.gov/b2/ Accessed Jan. 22, 2014). Developing an uncertainty tool for the data acquisition of a test facility of this scale presents unique metrology challenges. Not only must the uncertainty analyzer tool be versatile enough to accommodate a wide range of disciplines and measurement requirements (such as temperature, pressure, strain, vacuum, and acceleration), but it must provide a user-interactive platform for evaluating system measurement uncertainty based on customer-chosen measurement scenarios ranging from the most simplistic tests to the most complex ones. The uncertainty analyzer tool, which was developed in Microsoft’s Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) in Excel, will serve multiple purposes, including aiding in the optimal selection of measuring and test equipment, communicating capabilities to customers, and supporting all decisions based on measurements. This paper outlines the methodology followed, the features of this tool, and how the tool can be applied to the measurement processes of different facilities.
Descriptive Implementation of Prior Knowledge In Conformity Assessment
Authors:   Agilent Technologies, Harben Jonathan
Published: March 2022

JCGM 106:2012 [1] provides guidance for the implementation of prior knowledge in conformance decisions. Prior knowledge must be well defined and account for population distributions common in production testing, including commonly measured outliers. This paper demonstrates how to increase confidence by implementing the methodology of JCGM 106 via use of population statistics. This process optimization applies to any application where conformance decisions are made and there is measurement uncertainty. We report on the use of prior knowledge in real world scenarios and the impact on decision making from both a cost and implementation standpoint. A number of case studies to determine if this decision method provides robust results have been conducted. The reader of this paper will be more informed to decide if incorporating prior knowledge into conformance decisions for ISO/IEC 17025 [2] & ANSI Z540.3 [3] compliance can be leveraged.
Is there an orbital control on the pacing of anoxia across the Aptian-Albian boundary (~113 Ma)?
Authors: Martinez Mathieu , Ait-Itto Fatima-Zahra , Boué Danny , Deconinck Jean-Francois , Bodin Stéphane
Published: March 2022

The stratigraphic interval spanning the Aptian-Albian transition is marked by a cluster of short-lived marine anoxic episodes referred to as Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b (OAE 1b). These short-lived episodes are, from the oldest to the youngest, the Jacob, Kilian, Paquier and Leenhardt events. We here aim at testing the impact of the long Milankovitch cycles (1.2-Myr and 2.4-Myr) on the recurrence of these oxygen-deficiency episodes by establishing a precise astrochronology of the OAE 1b interval from the Col de Pré-Guittard section (Albian GSSP, Vocontian Basin, SE France). The section belongs to the “Marnes Bleues Formation”, which is a thick (several hundred metres) clayey formation, interrupted by thin limestone beds and black shale layers, slumps and turbidites, all deposited in the hemipelagic part of the Vocontian Basin. Organic-matter carbon isotope ratios and Total Organic Carbon have been measured to precisely locate these events within the Col de Pré-Guittard section. A magnetic susceptibility signal was obtained from 3500 bulk rock samples collected every 5 cm. The sampling was performed on two parts of the Col de Pré-Guittard section to avoid a multi-decametric slump outcropping in one of the two section below the Kilian Level. However, two thin turbidite layers, near the Jacob and the Paquier events, remained unavoidable. Spectral analyses were performed using the Multi-Taper Method and the evolutive Fourier Transforms. These spectral analyses show the pervasive control of the 100-kyr eccentricity cycle and demonstrates a duration of (i) 1.6 Myr from the Jacob to the Kilian events, (ii) 1.5 Myr from the Kilian to the Paquier events, and (iii) 1.0 Myr from the Paquier to the Leenhardt events. Duration do not correspond to long Milankovitch cycles and thus do not favour the sole orbital control on the pacing of the anoxic events of the Aptian-Albian transition. Thus, other global forcing factors, as the volcanism, or local factors, as basin-scale paleoceanographic and climatic changes, have to be considered to explain this recurrence of anoxic conditions in the Vocontian Basin.
Efficient 1.5-D hillslope model using 1D Richards' and 1D Boussinesq equations coupled by the Method Of Lines
Authors: Mietrach Robert , Wöhling Thomas
Published: March 2022

Efficient 1.5-D hillslope model using 1D Richards' and 1D Boussinesq equations coupled by the Method Of Lines

 

Robert Mietrach, Thomas Wöhling

 

Abstract

 

Modeling lateral subsurface flow at the hill slope scale by considering the full 2D or 3D spacial domain can be quite complex from a computational point of view. To reduce simulation times a new prototype model consisting of a set of 1D Richards' equations linked with the Boussinesq equation is presented.

 

The Method Of Lines approach to solving the Richards' equation has already been shown to be an efficient and stable alternative to established solution methods, such as low-order finite difference and finite element methods applied to the mixed form of Richards' equation. Besides its beneficial properties in numerical challenging scenarios, the Method Of Lines approach allows for easier integration of additional differential equations which proves advantageous here, when integrating the Boussinesq equation into the combined model. In the combined model it is assumed that lateral flow primarily happens at soil layer interfaces. The Boussinesq equation is than used to link the 1D columns at these soil layer interface nodes in the lateral direction. Thus enabling water transport between adjacent columns and therefor along the hillslope. In an analog procedure it would be possible to extend the presented model to also simulate for surface runoff.

 

Simulations for several synthetic setups have been carried out and compared to solutions to the full 2D problem from the software Hydrus. The results show good agreement between the two approaches, with the benefit of reduced simulation times and increased numerical stability of the presented model.
Fire regimes and post-fire evolution of burned areas in selected plant biomes of the planet by studying the phenology of the landscape with time series of satellite images – final results
Authors: Koutsias Nikos , Karamitsou Anastasia , Nioti Foula , Coutelieris Frank
Published: March 2022

Plant biomes and climatic zones are characterized by a specific type of fire regime that results mainly from the synergy of climatic conditions and vegetation characteristics. The reconstruction of fire history for the assessment of fire regime and the monitoring of post-fire evolution of the burned areas can be studied with satellite remote sensing images. The free availability of (i) Landsat satellite imagery by US Geological Survey (USGS, (ii) Sentinel-2 satellite imagery by ESA and (iii) MODIS satellite imagery by NASA / USGS allow the low-cost data acquisition and processing which otherwise would require very high costs. The purpose of this work is to determine the fire regime as well as the patterns of post-fire evolution of burned areas in selected vegetation/climate zones by studying the phenology of the landscape with time series of satellite images. More specifically, the three research questions we are negotiating are: (i) the reconstruction of the history of fires in the period 1984-2017 and the determination of fire regimes with satellite data Landsat and Sentinel-2, (ii) the assessment of pre-fire phenological pattern of vegetation and (iii) the monitoring and comparative evaluation of post-fire evolution patterns of the burned areas. Here, we present the final results of the project.

Acknowledgements

This research has been co-financed by the Operational Program "Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning" and is co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund) and Greek national funds.
Exploring the use of ‘ThingLink’ in delivering online virtual fieldtrips
Authors: Ockelford Annie , Pattison Zarah , Hutchinson Simon , Evans Amy
Published: March 2022

Fieldwork features prominently in national subject benchmark statements for geography, earth and environmental sciences. Field learning tends to involve a problem-centred approach, often with more open-ended questions, which fosters greater motivation in the students and encourages acceptance of uncertainty and context-dependent outcomes. The current Covid-19 pandemic has meant a move to online teaching, especially for field work learning. Academics have had to offer virtual fieldtrips as alternatives to in-person field teaching as a rapid response to the pandemic, often without prior experience of the relevant IT and pedagogy.

Whilst some premade fieldtrips are available for purchase, they can be expensive, with some having limited applicability for the region of interest for individual modules, thereby not meeting students learning outcome requirements. Therefore, during the pandemic there has been a need for individual academics to develop their own virtual fieldtrips which are tailored to the specific needs of their students. 

ThingLink is an education platform which allows users to undertake virtual ‘walk throughs’ and 360 immersive experiences. Thinglink is fully Microsoft compliant and has options to link to external resources, embedded audio, video and still photographs.  In this talk, we will introduce you to ThingLink (with comparisons to other options e.g., ESRI StoryMaps and Google Explore) and its use for creating custom fieldtrips. We will also reflect on examples, from our three universities, of how we have used it for different undergraduate virtual fieldtrips. The fieldtrips focused on sampling techniques across a variety of habitats, including sampling design and assessing typical sampling errors, fluvial geomorphology and analysing cross sectional hydraulics, and geology and landform interpretation.
A Regional Mass Balance Assessment of the Northwest Sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Otosaka Inès , Shepherd Andrew , Groh Andreas , Mouginot Jeremie , Fettweis Xavier
Published: March 2022

About a third of Greenland’s total ice losses come from the Northwest sector, a sector that includes a large number of marine-terminating outlet glaciers, which have all experienced widespread retreat triggered by ocean-induced melting. Here, we measure changes in surface elevation in the Northwest sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet from CryoSat-2 between July 2010 and July 2021 and find that the surface has lowered at a rate of 21.9 ± 1.1 cm/yr on average over this period, with rapid thinning occurring at the ice sheet margins at a rate of 46.9 ± 5.9 cm/yr. We further compute mass change by combining our CryoSat-2 surface elevation change dataset with firn densities from a regional climate model, and we show that the Northwest sector lost 456 ± 5.7 Gt of ice between July 2010 and July 2021.

To evaluate our altimetry-based mass balance solution, we compare our solution to independent estimates derived from satellite gravimetry and the mass budget method. We show that our altimetry estimate is the least negative for the Northwest sector as a whole, in contrast, the mass budget method leads to the largest ice losses. However, when partitioning these three estimates into sub-regions of the Northwest sector, we show that the spatial pattern of differences between mass balance estimates is complex, suggesting that discrepancies between techniques do not solely originate from one single region or technique.

Thanks to the higher spatial resolution afforded by satellite altimetry retrievals and the mass budget method, we examine the mass balance of the Northwest sector within its 74 glacier basins and find that differences between the two techniques greater than 0.5 Gt/yr  are recorded in 19 basins, with the largest disagreement recorded at Steenstrup-Dietrichson and Kjer Gletscher.

Comparing altimetry, gravimetry and the mass budget estimates at different spatial scales is critical to isolate the differences between geodetic techniques as well as the drivers of these differences. Previous studies, such as the Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE), have demonstrated that combining independent estimates of ice sheet mass balance can lead to greater certainty. Here, aggregating the altimetry, gravimetry and mass budget method estimates results in a rate of mass loss of 55.6 ± 1.5 Gt/yr for the Northwest sector between June 2010 and June 2019.