bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The “Black Pattern”, a Simplified Ultrasound Approach to Non-Traumatic Abdominal Emergencies
Authors: Tamburrini Stefania , Consoli Letizia , Garrone Marco , Sfuncia Giuseppe , Lugarà Marina , Coppola Maria Gabriella , Piccirillo Miryam , Toto Roberta , Stella Salvatore Massimo , Sofia Soccorsa , Scuderi Mario , Catalano Orlando
Published: March 2022

Background: A key issue in abdominal US is the assessment of fluid, which is usually anechoic, thus appearing “black”. Our approach focuses on searching for fluid in non-traumatic patients, providing a new, simplified method for point-of-care US (POCUS). Objective: Fluid assessment is based on a three-step analysis that we can thus summarize. 1. Look for black where it should not be. This means searching for effusions or collections. 2. Check if black is too much. This means evaluating anatomical landmarks where fluid should normally be present but may be abnormally abundant. 3. Look for black that is not clearly black. This means evaluating fluid aspects, whether wholly anechoic or not (suggesting heterogeneous or corpusculated fluid). Discussion: Using this simple method focused on US fluid presence and appearance should help clinicians to make a timely diagnosis. Although our simplified, systematic algorithm of POCUS may identify abnormalities; this usually entails a second-level imaging. An accurate knowledge of the physio–pathological and anatomical ultrasound bases remains essential in applying this algorithm. Conclusion: The black pattern approach in non -traumatic emergencies may be applied to a broad spectrum of abnormalities. It may represent a valuable aid for emergency physicians, especially if inexperienced, involved in a variety of non-traumatic scenarios. It may also be a simple and effective teaching aid for US beginners.
Effects of an SGLT Inhibitor on the Production, Toxicity, and Elimination of Gut-Derived Uremic Toxins: A Call for Additional Evidence
Authors: Evenepoel Pieter , Meijers Bjorn , Masereeuw Rosalinde , Lowenstein Jerome
Published: March 2022

Sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors are a class of oral hypoglycemic agents, which, in recent years, have been shown to improve renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic chronic kidney disease. There remains considerable debate regarding the potential glucose-independent mechanisms by which these benefits are conferred. SGLT inhibitors, to a variable extent, impair small intestinal glucose absorption, facilitating the delivery of glucose into the colon. This suppresses protein fermentation, and thus the generation of uremic toxins such as phenols and indoles. It is acknowledged that such a shift in gut microbial metabolism yields health benefits for the host. SGLT inhibition, in addition, may be hypothesized to foster the renal clearance of protein-bound uremic toxins. Altered generation and elimination of uremic toxins may be in the causal pathway between SGLT inhibition and improved cardiometabolic health. Present review calls for additional research.
Characterizing the Groundwater Flow Regime in a Landslide Recharge Area Using Stable Isotopes: A Case Study of the Urbas Landslide Area in NW Slovenia
Authors: Koren Katja , Serianz Luka , Janža Mitja
Published: March 2022

Slope stability strongly depends on the prevailing hydrological and hydrogeological conditions. The amount and intensity of precipitation and changing groundwater levels are important landslide triggering factors. Environmental tracers, including the chemical and stable isotope compositions of precipitation and groundwater, were used to gain insight into the groundwater dynamics of the Urbas landslide. The landslide is situated in a mountainous area with steep slopes and high precipitation amount and poses a high risk for the safety of the Koroška Bela settlement that lies downstream. The stable isotope analyses of oxygen-18 (18O) and deuterium (2H) in the precipitation and groundwater were used to estimate the groundwater mean residence time and the average altitude of the landslide recharge area. This information will help to plan and prioritize remedial landslide measures aiming to reduce the recharge of the landslide body and, thus, lower the risk of transformation of the sliding material into debris flow. The results of the chemical analysis of samples taken from springs and a piezometer show a Ca–HCO3 water type. This indicates low water–rock interaction in a landslide area composed of Upper Carboniferous and Permian clastic rocks and points to upper laying carbonate rocks and scree deposits as the main recharge area. Water samples for stable isotope analyses of δ18O and δ2H were collected from a rain gauge, springs, and a piezometer over a two-year period (2018–2020). The estimated mean recharge altitude of the groundwater at sampling points was from approximately 1700 to 1800 m a.s.l. with a mean residence time of 2–5 months.
Microbiological Evaluation of Water Used in Dental Units
Authors: Błaszczyk Bartłomiej , Pajączkowska Magdalena , Nowicka Joanna , Szymonowicz Maria , Zakrzewski Wojciech , Lubojański Adam , Hercuń-Jaskółka Marlena , Synowiec Aleksandra , Fedorowicz Sebastian , Dobrzyński Wojciech , Rybak Zbigniew , Dobrzyński Maciej
Published: March 2022

In modern dentistry, dental units are used for the treatment of patients’ teeth, and they need water to operate. Water circulates in a closed vessel system and finally reaches the mucous membranes of the patient as well as the dentist themselves. Therefore, the microbiological safety of this water should be a priority for physicians. This study aims to identify and determine the microbial count, expressed in CFU/mL, in water samples from various parts of the dental unit that are in direct contact with the patient. Thirty-four dental units located in dentistry rooms were analysed. The dentistry rooms were divided into three categories: surgical, conservative, and periodontal. It was found that in surgical rooms, the bacterial count was 1464.76 CFU/mL, and the most common bacterium was Staphylococcus pasteuri—23.88% of the total bacteria identified. In dentistry rooms where conservative treatments were applied, the average bacterial concentration was 8208.35 CFU/mL, and the most common bacterium was Ralsonia pickettii (26.31%). The periodontal rooms were also dominated by R. pickettii (45.13%), and the average bacterial concentration was 8743.08 CFU/mL. Fungi were also detected. Rhodotorula spp., Alternaria spp., and Candida parapsilosis were found to be the most common bacteria which are potentially harmful. This study indicates the need for effective decontamination of the water that is used in dental units and for constant monitoring of the level of contaminants present in the closed vessel system.
A Review on Coagulation/Flocculation in Dewatering of Coal Slurry
Authors: Khazaie Atousa , Mazarji Mahmoud , Samali Bijan , Osborne Dave , Minkina Tatiana , Sushkova Svetlana , Mandzhieva Saglara , Soldatov Alexander
Published: March 2022

Coal slurry is an essential component of mining operations, accounting for more than half of operating costs. Dewatering technology is simultaneously confronted with obstacles and possibilities, and it may yet be improved as the crucial step for reducing the ultimate processing cost. Coagulation/flocculation is used as a dewatering process that is reasonably cost-effective and user-friendly. This paper reviews application of different coagulants/flocculants and their combinations in dewatering mechanisms. In this context, various polymeric flocculants are discussed in the coal slurry in depth. Many operational parameters that influence the performance of coal slurry flocculation are also presented. Furthermore, a discussion is provided on the mechanism of flocculants’ interaction, the strategy of combining flocculants, and efficient selection methods of flocculants. Finally, coagulation/flocculation remaining challenges and technological improvements for the better development of highly efficient treatment methods were highlighted, focusing on the intricate composition of slurry and its treatment difficulties.
MANUAL METODOLÓGICO DE PRUEBAS FÍSICAS PARA ESTUDIANTES DE 11-12 AÑOS DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA MARÍA DE LA MERCED DE PORTOVIEJO, ECUADOR
Authors: Alfonzo Marín Arnoldo Eliezer
Published: March 2022

Las capacidades físicas juegan un papel fundamental dentro de la planificación de los contenidos de la educación física. El desarrollo equilibrado de estas capacidades es determinante en la formación integral del ser humano, además, garantiza la incorporación de futuros talentos a los equipos nacionales, es por ello, que resulta imprescindible cumplir con la etapa de detección del talento en las escuelas, específicamente en las edades entre 11 y 12 años que es la etapa donde muchos expertos recomiendan comenzar con el proceso específico deportivo. Mediante el método de revisión bibliográfica se logró hallar un baremo que estableció FEDENADOR en el año 2015 para la detección de talento en el Ecuador, no obstante, no se obtuvo evidencia científica que avale la aplicación de estas pruebas a nivel escolar en Portoviejo. Es a partir de ahí, que despierta el interés por elaborar un manual metodológico de Pruebas Física para ser aplicada en estudiantes juveniles 11-12 años de la Unidad Educativa María de la Merced Portoviejo, Manabí-Ecuador la cual sea referencia para todas las Unidades Educativas Religiosas Mercedarias y otras a nivel Nacional la cual permita detectar talentos, y además, permita a los docentes evaluar, controlar y reajustar las cargas físicas planificadas.

PALABRAS CLAVE: Pruebas físicas; capacidades físicas; evaluación; detección.

METHODOLOGICAL MANUAL OF PHYSICAL TESTS FOR STUDENTS FROM 11 TO 12 YEARS IN THE MARIA DE LA MERCED HIGH SCHOOL OF PORTOVIEJO, ECUADOR

ABSTRACT

Physical abilities have a fundamental role in the contents planning of physical education. The balanced development of these capacities is a determining factor in the integral formation of the human being, in addition, guarantees the incorporation of future talents to the national teams, that is why, it is essential to comply with the stage of talent detection in schools, specifically in the ages between 11 and 12 years is the stage where many experts recommend starting with the specific sports process. Using the bibliographic review method, a scale was found that was established by FEDENADOR in 2015 for the detection of talent in Ecuador, however, no scientific evidence was obtained to support the application of these tests at the school level in Portoviejo. It is from there, that awakens interest in developing a methodological manual of physical tests to be applied to youth students from 11 to 12 years of the Maria de la Merced High School in Portoviejo, Manabí-Ecuador which is a reference for all educational-religious Mercedarias schools and others at the National level which allows to detect talents, and in addition, allows teachers to evaluate, control and readjust the physical burdens that has been planned.

KEYWORDS: Physical tests; physical abilities; evaluation; detection.
Competencias docentes para mejorar la formación académica en los estudiantes de la Unidad Educativa María Piedad Castillo de Levi
Authors: Ponce Blanco Esther Eulalia , López Báster Liliana Elvira , Ruiz Cedeño Ana
Published: March 2022

Competencia docente es la capacidad que tiene un profesor para desempeñar de manera adecuada su cátedra en las unidades educativas y de este modo trasmitir confianza a los estudiantes, lo cual es fundamental en la motivación de la enseñanza – aprendizaje de los estudiantes en el bachillerato, es en este nivel donde se pretende formar estudiantes de calidad que puedan convertirse en futuros profesionales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la influencia que tienen las competencias docentes en la mejora de la formación académica de los estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa María Piedad Castillo De Levi. El uso de técnicas de recolección de datos como la encuesta a estudiantes, y entrevistas a docentes, posibilitó conocer las dificultades existentes en las aulas de clases, y si los docentes están aptos o cuentan con las capacidades necesarias para enfrentar adecuadamente la formación de los estudiantes, esto permitió formular estrategias para mejorar el desempeño de los docentes y los procesos de la institución.    

PALABRAS CLAVE: Competencias docentes; formación; desempeño; enseñanza; aprendizaje.

TEACHING COMPETITIONS TO IMPROVE ACADEMIC TRAINING IN STUDENTS OF THE MARIA PIEDAD CASTILLO EDUCATIONAL UNIT OF LEVI

ABSTRACT

Teaching competence is understood to the ability of a teacher to properly perform his catches in educational units and thus allows to transmit confidence to students which is fundamental in the motivation of teaching – students' learning in high school, because it is at this level that it is intended to train quality students before arriving at Higher Education Institutions to train as future professionals. Therefore, the objective of this research is to determine the influence that teaching skills have on improving the academic training of high school students of the María Piedad Castillo De Levi Educational Unit, so that the student is able to identify when a teacher is fit or has the skills to teach and abide by procedures efficiently. This will make use of data collection techniques such as student survey and teacher interviews, as this will enable you to learn about the difficulties in classrooms to formulate strategies that contribute to improving performance and teachers' performance by adjusting to the social and institutional mission that improves the institution's processes.

KEYWORDS: Teaching skills; training; performance; teaching; learning.
Influence of physical load of maximum aerobic power on hemodynamics and morpho-biochemical changes in erythrocytes in female volleyball players
Authors: Popel Sergii , Śliwiński Zbigniew
Published: March 2022

Purpose: to study the types of cardiohemodynamic response of the organism and morpho-biochemical changes of erythrocytes of peripheral blood of volleyball players to physical activity of maximum aerobic capacity.
Material and methods In 18 highly qualified volleyball players aged 22.0±0.60 years, cardiohemodynamics (by functional methods), functional changes (by biochemical methods) and the structure of erythrocytes (using scanning electron microscopy) were studied before and after the maximum (3.5 W/kg of body weight) of physical activity.
Results. It was found that maximal physical activity causes significant changes in cardiohemodynamics, which result in morphological rearrangement of peripheral blood erythrocytes (increase in erythrocyte deformation index) and closely correlate with biochemical changes (decrease in ATP concentration and increase in magnesium concentration in erythrocytes). Possible mechanisms of realization of features of reaction of an organism of volleyball players to physical activity of the maximum aerobic power depending on type of regulation of blood circulation and morpho-biochemical changes of erythrocytes of peripheral blood are discussed.
Conclusions. Physical activity of maximum aerobic power in highly qualified female volleyball players reveals the typological features of the cardiohemodynamic response of the body of volleyball players, which is expressed by conformational changes in peripheral blood erythrocytes and depends on the concentration of individual macroelements in these cells and on the type of cardiohemodynamics.
Building a measure of sports tolerance for youth football players
Authors: Abdullah Khaled Hussein , Khoshnaw Karzan Karim , Nabee Hewa M. , Moroz Yurii
Published: March 2022

Purpose: to build measure sports tolerance for football players in sports academies. The current research aimed to promote a technique for measuring the characteristic of tolerance in athletes utilizing the triple grade ladder model. Material and Methods: The researcher employed a descriptive system to describe the phenomena through gathering, categorizing, processing, and analyzing facts and data to draw conclusions and reach conclusions. Community sample for research purposes: Football school players from Iraq’s Kurdistan area were included in the research community. The sample for the research will consist of (251) players from football academies (Koya, Zakho, Erbil, Soleimania, Soran, and Taqtaq), with the sample purposely chosen for the 2020-2021 academic year with the player’s ages ranging from (12-16) years. Results: The final scale of (27) paragraphs may be according to a triple estimate (3-2-1) ranging from the upper total score (81), and the lowest score (27) and the degree of neutrality (54) and all paragraphs were in a positive direction. The scale is characterized by an unmet generality and high stability that can be relied upon to measure and recognize the level of tolerance among players in the region. Conclusion: According to the study’s summary, the researchers discovered that the scale has an unmet universality and high stability, making it acceptable for measuring and evaluating the level of tolerance among youth football players.
Relationship between military test scores and obesity-related health risk scores in air defense troops
Authors: Piddubny Alexander , Palevych Serhii , Kirpenko Vitaliy , Velez Michael Anthonny Martinez , Velez Federico Anibal Martinez
Published: March 2022

Purpose: To study the relationship between the results of the Army Combat Fitness Test and the age, gender, body mass index, waist circumference, and health risk index in the military personnel of the Ukrainian army.
Design: The analysis was based on data collected in 2020 for 306 military personnel (255 men and 51 women).
Methods: To compare the number of the Army Combat Fitness Test performed and not performed by military personnel by age, Body Mass Index group, and non-obese and risk groups. Pearson χ2 test was used. Odds ratios were calculated to assess the risk factors for failing the Army Combat Fitness Test. These analyses were performed depending on gender. Loglinear and Receiver Operating Characteristic – these data were used to determine success within military personnel
Results: The incidence of non-compliance with the Army Combat Fitness Test in men and women was statistically different in all groups (p = 0.000). The results show 23.529% of male soldiers failed the test. Obese male soldiers did not pass this test (83.333%) while non-obese soldiers (20.576%). Among women, the number of those who did not pass the test was 78.431%. Male and female soldiers classified as "at-risk" had the highest test failure rates (54.255% and 97.436%).
The observed dependence is statistically significant (p <0.001). The relative risk index indicates a direct relationship between obesity and failing the test (p <0.001). Loglinear analysis yielded a meaningful model (χ2 (3) = 169.182; p = 0.000). Wald allows you to determine the statistical significance of individual indicators such as gender. Body Mass Index, risk. These indicators have a great impact on the success of the test. We can talk about a fairly high-quality predictive model with fairly high specificity and excellent classification.
Conclusions. The Army Combat Fitness Test is age-tolerant, and Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference are useful indicators for fitness test results for the Grounded forces.
RADIO COUNTERMEASURE OF SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE EQUIPMENT FOR THE PROTECTION OF RADAR FACILITIES
Authors: ЮДИН В.Н. , ВОЛКОВ А.М.
Published: March 2022

Определены задачи, критерии и показатели эффективности радиоподавления средств радиотехнической разведки. Оценен уровень мощности средств активных помех, требуемый для шумовой маскировки излучения высокопотенциальных радиолокационных средств.

The tasks, criteria, and indicators of the effectiveness of radio suppression of signals intelligence equipment are determined. The power level of active jammers required for noise masking of radiation of high-potential radar facilities is estimated.
Lupus Erythematosus in the Practice of a Dermatologist
Authors: Новоселецкая А.И. , Белазарович А.А.
Published: March 2022

На основании обзора литературы в статье представлены данные о наиболее частых причинах развития красной волчанки. Отмечено, что это заболевание чаще развивается у женщин и в возрастной группе старше 40 лет. В статье дана классификация красной волчанки по МКБ-10 и классификация J. Gilliam и соавт. Подробно описаны критерии диагностики системной красной волчанки. Представлены критерии, описанные в 1972 году В.А. Насоновой, а также классификационные критерии, предложенные Американской коллегией ревматологов (ACR) в 1997 году, и критерии Международного содружества клиник системной красной волчанки (SLICC) от 2012 года. Дана клиническая характеристика таким кожным формам красной волчанки, как дискоидная, диссеминированная, глубокая форма Ирганга – Капоши, центробежная или мигрирующая форма (эритема Биетта), себорейная форма, пигментная, бородавчатая или сосочковая разновидности, «гипсовая» волчанка, lupus erythematosus rosaceus, «chilblain» красная волчанка. Представлена дифференциальная диагностика кожных форм красной волчанки с наиболее часто встречающимися кожными заболеваниями: розацеа, псориазом, себорейной пузырчаткой, дерматомиозитом, эозинофильной гранулемой лица. Описаны современные методы лечения кожных форм красной волчанки.

Based on a literature review, the article presents data on the most common causes of lupus erythematosus. It was noted that this disease often develops in women and in the age group older than 40 years. The article gives the classification of lupus erythematosus according to ICD-10 and the classification of J. Gilliam et al. The diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus are described in detail. The criteria described in 1972 by V.A. Nasonova, as well as the classification criteria proposed by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) in 1997 and the criteria for the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) from 2012. Clinical characteristics are given for such skin forms of lupus erythematosus as discoid, disseminated, lupus erythematosus profundus, Biett’s erythema, seborrheic form, pigmented, hypertrophic or verrucous form, "gypsum" lupus erythematosus, lupus erythematosus rosaceus and "chilblain" lupus erythematosus. Differential diagnosis of skin forms of lupus erythematosus with the most common skin diseases is presented: rosacea, psoriasis, seborrheic pemphigus, dermatomyositis, eosinophilic granuloma. Modern methods of treating skin forms of lupus erythematosus are described.
Papulonecrotic Tuberculosis of the Skinin a Patient with Severe Concomitant Pathology
Authors: Ваисов А.Ш. , Парпиева Н.Н. , Саипова Н.С.
Published: March 2022

В статье описывается случай папулонекротического туберкулеза кожи, развившегося у пациента с тяжелой формой туберкулеза легких. Туберкулез кожи (ТК) вызывается микобактериями туберкулеза обоих видов – M. Tuberculosis и M. bovis и чаще развивается при гематогенной либо лимфогенной диссеминации инфекции из очагов туберкулеза в легких, лимфатических узлах, костях. Диагностика ТК основана на комплексе клинико-лабораторного обследования, включая микробиологические, гистологические, иммунологические данные. Выявление ТК затруднено в связи с клиническим и гистоморфологическим патоморфозом, наличием атипичных и стертых форм, нечастым обнаружением микобактерий в коже, а также в связи с редкостью заболевания и недостаточной настороженностью клиницистов.

The article describes a case of papulonecrotic tuberculosis of the skin that has developed in a patient with a severe form of pulmonary tuberculosis Tuberculosis of the skin (TS) is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis of both types - M. Tuberculosis and M. bovis which often develops with hematogenous or lymphogenic dissemination of infection from tuberculosis foci in the lungs, lymph nodes, bones. Diagnosis of TC is based on a complex clinical and laboratory examination, including microbiological, histological, immunological data. Detection of TC is difficult due to the clinical and histomorphologicalpathomorphosis, the presence of atypical and erased forms, rare detection of mycobacteria in the skin, as well as due to the rarity of the disease and lack of alertness of clinicians.
Features of Organization of Recruitment of Reconvalescent Donors with COVID-19 Infection and Production of Immune Anti-COVID Leucocyte-Depleted Pathogen-Reduced Fresh-Frozen Plasma
Authors: Гольдинберг Б.М. , Климович О.В. , Махина О.Ю. , Автухова Т.Е. , Ефремова К.С. , Сущиц Ю.П. , Полкова Е.В. , Мацкевич Т.М. , Сухобокова Н.В.
Published: March 2022

В статье анализируется собственный опыт селекции 624 реконвалесцентов инфекции COVID-19 и сравнивается качество иммунной антиковидной плазмы, полученной от 88 доноров, и плазмы, приведенной в литературе.Авторы подчеркивают, что из-за отсутствия специфической вакцинации и в связи с ограниченным медикаментозным арсеналом иммунная донорская плазма, заготовленная от реконвалесцентов, может применяться взрослым для лечения инфекции COVID-19 в качестве дополнительного средства иммунной терапии.

In the article, there is analyzed our own experience in selecting 624 convalescents with COVID-19 infection and compared the quality of the obtained immune anti-COVID plasma from 88 donors with the literature data.The authors emphasize that in the absence of specific vaccination and limited medical arsenal, the immune donor plasma prepared from reconvalescents can be used both for adults and children for the treatment of COVID-19 infection as an additional means of immune therapy.
Factores psicosociales que inciden en la permanencia de mujeres en relaciones sentimentales con violencia doméstica
Authors: Bravo Johana
Published: March 2022

This article clarifies the psychosocial causes that affect the permanence of women in sentimental relationships with domestic violence through a descriptive-qualitative study. The results show that the factors underlying this phenomenon are psychological (cognitive distortions, irrational beliefs, emotional dependence, insecure attachment and paradoxical adaptation to violence) and sociodemographic (economic dependence, educational level, number of children and years of abuse). In conclusion, this theoretical review suggests multidisciplinary studies that provide effective tools for prevention and intervention in clinical practice.
Prediction of chronic kidney disease in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Authors: Stulova Mariуa V. , Konstantinov Dmitrii Yu. , Popova Larisa L. , Lyubushkina Anna V. , Nedugov German V.
Published: March 2022

Aim to develop, using mathematical and statistical analysis of clinical, laboratory and instrumental data, a method for predicting the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).
Material and methods. 244 patients at the age from 18 to 50 years with a confirmed diagnosis of HFRS were examined. Patients were observed in the following periods: oliguric, polyuric, early (30th day of illness) and late (90th and 180th day of illness) convalescence. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental data, including computer photoplethysmography, were evaluated.
Results. Prediction of CKD in patients with HFRS (polyuria period) based on a linear discriminant model is possible with an accuracy index of 92.2%. In subsequent periods, the accuracy index increases: in early convalescence 98.4%, in late convalescence up to 100%. The following markers were the most informative: RI before ischemia, leukocytes and platelets in the general blood test, total protein and creatinine in the biochemical blood test, GFR calculated using the CKD-EPI and MDRD formulas, daily microalbuminuria, BMI and weight.
Conclusion. A complex of discriminant models for predicting the development of CKD in patients with HFRS at various stages of the disease, including convalescence, with an accuracy index from 92 to 100% has been developed. These models are implemented in the software "Calculator for predicting CKD after HFRS".
Etatism and liberalism as leading and competing paradigms for the development of economic theory
Authors: Sirko Anatoliy
Published: March 2022

Introduction. Economic theory as a fundamental economic and social science, born out of the dominance of the market (capitalist) mode of management, is constantly evolving, improving and enriching by new ideas and concepts. A penetrating analysis of the nature of its historical development makes it possible to identify and characterize certain cycles in the changing ideological attitudes of theoretical economists.Purpose of the research: study of the nature and trends of economic theory through the prism of the main paradigms, the formulation of their own evaluative judgments and the forecast of subsequent paradigmatic changes.Methods: deductive and comparative analyses.Results. The main paradigms of the development of theoretical economic thought are defined by the author as etatism and liberalism. The ideology of etatism tilts one part of economists on the side of the state, hopes for its «collective mind» in the regulation of economic and social life; liberal ideology makes the rest of the theorists advocates economic freedom, liberal ideology makes the rest of theorists advocates economic freedom, rational model of individual and «natural order» behavior under the influence of the market laws. Three paradigm cycles have been traced and described in the development of economic theory: 1) mercantilism → classical political economy → Marxist political economy (from the beginning of the XVI th century to the last third of the XIX th century); 2) Marxist theory → neoclassical economics→ keynesian economics (from the last third of the XIX th century up to the 1970s of the XX century); 3) keynesian economics → neoliberal and new classical economic theory → behavioral (experimental) economics (from the mid-1970 s.).Discussion. The analysis concluded that instead of the initial antagonism of economic ideologies of etatism and liberalism, since the second cycle, there has been a trend towards convergence and mutual enrichment. In the near term, the growth of etatistic ideology in the development of economic science is forecast, as evidenced by interest in the «experimental economy» The main explanation of the cyclicality of the main paradigms of the development of the theoretical economy the author sees in the change of generations of outstanding scientists-economists, change of «intellectual fashion».
Open document flow based on blockchane technology for cyber security of the accounting system
Authors: Muravskyi Volodymyr , Khoma Nadiia , Khokhlova Larysa , Chengyu Liu
Published: March 2022

Introduction. To ensure cyber protection, the company’s management resorts to isolating accounting information containing trade secrets from other information flows. However, confidential document management attracts significant attention from internal users and outsiders in order to gain unauthorized access. Due to active cyber threats, the isolation practice in the implementation of electronic information communications is ineffective for cybersecurity, which requires the development of new methods documentation and document circulation at the enterprise.The purpose of the article is to study the benefits of open document management of enterprises based on blockchain technology to abandon the isolation of information flows in order to ensure cybersecurity of enterprises.Methods. In the process of researching the disadvantages and advantages of isolation and open document management, general theotrtical( empirical, logical and historical) methods of cognition of reality are used. The research is based on scientifical methods of dislosing the economic processes, facts and phenomena from the standpoint of accounting and cybersecurity of enterprises. The information base of the article is selected historical documents on the development of blockchain technology, scientific works of scientists on block-chain structuring of accounting information, etc.Results.The fundamental principles of blockchain technology in the conditions of its use for the organization of cybersecurity of accounting information are formed. The expediency of refusing to isolate information in favor of open document management in terms of maintaining trade secrets of the enterprise is substantiated. The method of documenting and document circulation on the principles of block-chain structuring of the database, which determines the order of fragmentation and recombination of accounting information at the internal and external levels of electronic communications, is studied. The procedure for using the electronic key system to gain access to confidential accounting information in accordance with the information needs of users and their classification in the enterprise management system.Perspectives. In order to organize cybersecurity of enterprises, it is important to improve the methodology of implementation of other elements of the method of accounting in the process of automated information processing, which requires further research.
Measuring sliding friction at the atomic scale
Authors: Weymouth Alfred J. , Gretz Oliver , Riegel Elisabeth , Giessibl Franz J.
Published: March 2022

Sliding friction is a nonconservative force in which kinetic energy is dissipated via various phenomena. We used lateral force microscopy to measure the energy loss as a tip oscillates laterally above a surface with sub-Angstrom amplitudes. By terminating the tip with a single molecule, we ensure the tip ends in a single atom. We have reported that energy is dissipated as a CO molecule at the tip apex is oscillated over pairs of atoms. This is a result of the CO being bent in different directions as the tip moves in one direction and then in the other. We confirm this with a model that describes the CO on the tip as a torsional spring. Surprisingly, we only observe dissipation within a small range of tip heights. This allows us to determine the necessary components to model friction and shows how sensitive friction is to the local potential energy landscape.
Optically pumped lasing in a single crystal cavity of thiophene/phenylene co-oligomers grown via improved crystal growth methods in solution
Authors: Matsuo Takumi , Sasaki Fumio , Yanagi Hisao
Published: March 2022

Single crystals of thiophene/phenylene co-oligomers (TPCOs) are promising organic laser media. Owing to their poor solubility in solvents, single crystals of TPCOs have conventionally been grown using sublimation processes. However, the morphology of the grown crystals is not ideal for lasing by the self-cavity effect. In this report, single crystals of 5,5‴-bis(4-biphenylyl)-2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2‴-quaterthiophene (BP4T), which is one of the longest TPCOs, are grown through improved methods in solution to achieve lasing with a well-shaped single crystal cavity. The high quality factors (5.9 × 103) and group refractive indexes (>3.5) suggest that the obtained crystals are superior organic laser media.
Implementing an Application for Attainment Calculation of Program Outcomes and Course Outcomes for Courses of University Affiliated Engineering Programs
Authors:   Scholar, Sir Padampat Singhania University, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India., Shaikh Hasib Masud , Kumar Prof. Arun ,   Dean, Sir Padampat Singhania University, Udaipur (Rajasthan), India.
Published: March 2022

The main goal of outcome-based education (OBE) is the achievement of program outcomes in a 4-year program. To achieve this, program outcomes need to be properly mapped with the course outcomes of courses of a particular program. Program Outcomes are the statements that describe what knowledge students will achieve by the time of graduation. OBE ensures that a graduate student not only possesses knowledge in a specific program but can also be globally accepted. The curriculum is designed in such a way that students get trained in all 12 program outcomes set by the National Board of Accreditation (NBA). Students gain knowledge through various teaching-learning methodologies like classroom lectures, laboratory experiments, workshops, guest lectures, and projects (mini project & megaproject). For each course, course outcomes are been designed by the university which gets mapped with program outcomes. The assessment of CO’s & PO’s is done by assessing the performance of students [1] using MS Excel software. This paper automates the manual excel work done for CO-PO attainment calculations [3]. After attainment calculations, it shows whether the program outcome has been achieved or not. For calculations, the system collects data such as CO-PO mapping, attainment level. The system also collects direct assessment data such as marks of each student for assignments, experiments, class tests, university marks, and indirect assessment data such as course exit survey. After calculations, it also generates a summary sheet that shows course outcome attainment for each course outcome. The system also generates program outcome attainment in the observation sheet.
Dual-hop Relaying Networks for Short-Packet URLLCs: Performance analysis and Optimization
Authors: Linh Nguyen Thi Yen , Ngo Hoang Tu , Son Pham Ngoc , Bao Vo Nguyen Quoc
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates short-packet communications for the dual-hop decode-and-forward relaying system to facilitate ultra-reliable and low-latency communications.

In this system, based on the transmit antenna selection and partial relay selection techniques, a selected relay having the highest received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) serves as a forwarder to support the unavailable direct link between the source and destination, whereas a maximum ratio combining technique is leveraged at the destination to achieve the highest diversity gain.

Approximated expressions of end-to-end (e2e) block error rates (BLERs) are derived over quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels and the finite-blocklength regime.

To gain more insights about the performance behavior in the high-SNR regime, we provide the asymptotic analysis with two approaches, from which the qualitative conclusion based on the diversity order is made.

Furthermore, the power allocation and relay location optimization problems are also considered to minimize the asymptotic e2e BLER under the configuration constraints.

Our analysis is verified through Monte-Carlo simulations, which yield the system parameters' impact on the system performance.
Scalable Security Investment Methods for Voltage Stability of Power Systems
Authors: An Lu , Shukla Pratishtha , Chakrabortty Aranya , Duel-Hallen Alexandra
Published: March 2022

We develop investment approaches to secure electric power systems against load attacks that may cause voltage instability. The attacker attempts to alter the reactive power setpoints of the loads covertly and intelligently to reduce the voltage stability margin of the grid. The defender, or the system operator, aims to compensate for this reduction by retuning the reactive power dispatch of control devices such as shunt capacitor banks. The question is: how much financial investment should the attacker and the defender plan for to succeed in their respective objectives? To address this question, we formulate a cost-based Stackelberg game, where the defender is aware of the attacker’s budget, and a robust-defense sequential algorithm for the realistic case when the defender is not fully informed about the attacker’s resources. We demonstrate that these methods operate reliably under time-varying load uncertainties. To provide scalability to large-scale power system models, we develop a genetic algorithm where both players evolve their candidate solutions in opposite directions simultaneously. Finally, the proposed methods are validated using IEEE prototype models, demonstrating that reliable and robust defense is feasible unless the defender’s resources are severely limited relative to the attacker’s resources.
A Superior Iterative Transmitted-Reference Pulse Cluster Ultra-Wideband System for Ranging and Communication
Authors: Khani Hassan
Published: March 2022

Ultra-wideband (UWB) signals penetrate obstacles, achieve centimeter-level ranging accuracy, and provide low-SNR communication. These features make UWB technology a good candidate for applications demanding accurate ranging and low-power communication. Iterative transmitted-reference pulse cluster (ITRPC) UWB system increases the data rate, the power efficiency, and the accuracy of the time-of-arrival (ToA) estimation compared to the conventional
transmitted-reference pulse cluster system. Among the ranging techniques, ToA or its simpler version time-difference-of-arrival scheme can perfectly exploit the ultra-wide bandwidth of UWB signals to attain centimeter-level ranging accuracy. Hence, this paper considers ToA estimation for ranging. This paper proposes a novel ITRPC system that significantly outperforms the existing one. Simulation results show that the proposed analog ITRPC receiver improves the ToA estimation by about 6 dB and enhances the symbol detection by about 1:5 dB. Moreover,
an accurate analysis is developed to calculate the bit-error probability of the proposed ITRPC receiver in the presence of noise and monobit quantization. To the best of our knowledge, accurate analysis of a data-aided pilot recovery system has not yet been reported in the literature. The
paper also covers some points for implementing and theoretical analysis of the proposed system.
Scaling Stratified Stochastic Gradient Descent for Distributed Matrix Completion
Authors: Abubaker Nabil , Karsavuran M. Ozan , Aykanat Cevdet
Published: March 2022

Stratified SGD (SSGD) is the primary approach for achieving serializable parallel SGD for matrix completion. State-of-the-art parallelizations of SSGD fail to scale due to huge communication overhead. During an SGD epoch, these methods send data proportional to one of the dimensions of the rating matrix. We propose a framework for scalable SSGD through significantly reducing the communication overhead via exchanging point-to-point messages utilizing the sparsity of the input matrix. We provide formulas to represent the essential communication for correctly performing parallel SSGD and we propose a dynamic programming algorithm for efficiently computing them to establish the point-to-point message schedules. This scheme, however, significantly increases the number of messages sent by a processor per epoch from O(K) to O(K^2) for a K-processor system which might limit the scalability. To remedy this, we propose a Hold-and-Combine strategy to limit the upper-bound on the number of messages sent per processor to O(KlgK). We also propose a hypergraph partitioning model that correctly encapsulates reducing the communication volume. Experimental results show that the framework successfully achieves a scalable distributed SSGD through significantly reducing the communication overhead. Our code is publicly available at: github.com/nfabubaker/CESSGD
Tamp-X: Attacking Explainable Natural Language Classifiers Through Tampered Activations
Authors: Ali Hassan , Khan Muhammad Suleman , Al-Fuqaha Ala , Qadir Junaid
Published: March 2022

While the technique of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has been instrumental in achieving state-of-the-art results for various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, recent works have shown that the decisions made by DNNs cannot always be trusted. Recently Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods have been proposed as a method for increasing DNN's reliability and trustworthiness. These XAI methods are however open to attack and can be manipulated in both white-box (gradient-based) and black-box (perturbation-based) scenarios. Exploring novel techniques to attack and robustify these XAI methods is crucial to fully understand these vulnerabilities. In this work, we propose Tamp-X---a novel attack which tampers the activations of robust NLP classifiers forcing the state-of-the-art white-box and black-box XAI methods to generate misrepresented explanations. To the best of our knowledge, in current NLP literature, we are the first to attack both the white-box and the black-box XAI methods simultaneously. We quantify the reliability of explanations based on three different metrics---the descriptive accuracy, the cosine similarity, and the Lp norms of the explanation vectors. Through extensive experimentation, we show that the explanations generated for the tampered classifiers are not reliable, and significantly disagree with those generated for the untampered classifiers despite that the output decisions of tampered and untampered classifiers are almost always the same. Additionally, we study the adversarial robustness of the tampered NLP classifiers, and find out that the tampered classifiers which are harder to explain for the XAI methods, are also harder to attack by the adversarial attackers.
Integrating Covariance Intersection into Bayesian multi-target tracking filters
Authors: Clark Daniel , Campbell Mark
Published: March 2022

Multi-target tracking systems typically provide sets of estimated target states as their output. It is challenging to be able to integrate these outputs as inputs to other tracking systems to gain a better picture of the area under surveillance since they do not conform to the standard observation model. Moreover, in cyclic distributed systems, there may be common

information between state estimates that would mean that fused estimates may become overconfident and corrupt the system. In this paper we develop a Bayesian multi-target estimator based on the covariance intersection algorithm for multi-target track-to-track data fusion. The approach is integrated into a multitarget tracking algorithm and demonstrated in simulations. The approach is able to account for missed tracks and false tracks produced by another tracking system.
Underground Cavity Detection Through Spectral Distortion of a GPR Signal
Authors: Leibowitz Caleb , Weiss Anthony
Published: March 2022

We propose a novel method to detect underground cavities using cross-borehole ground-penetrating radar (GPR).
Capitalismo, ciencias sociales y colonialidad
Authors: Sanchez-Antonio Juan Carlos
Published: March 2022

I pretend to analyze the relationships between capitalism, coloniality and social sciences from the Latinamerican decolonial perspective. From the outset I defend the thesis that the brutal use of blacks and blacks, Indians and Indians, in the extraction of an invaluable amount of gold and silver in America, served as a historical condition for the globalization of capital and the industrialization of Europe, creating historical colonial conditions on which the social sciences will build their scientific discourse against the light. I briefly examine the way in which the Euro-Northamerican social sciences have served as a colonial knowledge-power device for the sub-alternation of non-scientific knowledge. In the end, I pondered the importance of overcoming modernity-postmodernity as the foundation of capital from a transmodern horizon that goes beyond capitalism.
Acquired Factor VII Deficiency Presenting as Cardiac Tamponade: A Case Report
Authors: Malky Yasmina , Boudhar Zainab , Bourzeg Khaoula , Jamili Mohamed El , Benzeroual Dounia , Karimi Saloua El , Hattaoui Mustapha El
Published: March 2022

FVII (factor VII) is vitamin K-dependently synthesized in the liver. Hepatopathies, vitamin K deficiency, or use of vitamin K antagonists are the causes of acquired deficiency. Other types of acquired FVII deficiencies are rare. However, based on literature the incidence might be underestimated. The clinical manifestation of acquired FVII deficiency varies greatly in severity; asymptomatic course as well as severe life-threatening bleeding diathesis and fatal bleedings have been described. In this case report, we discuss a unique presentation of a 79-year-old male who was found to have cardiac tamponade revealing a severe acquired factor VII deficiency. A discordance between a prolonged PT and a normal aPTT was found in the biology lab report. And the diagnosis was confirmed by obtaining a factor VII activity assay. His management involved correction of his factor VII deficiency with fresh frozen plasma and pericardiocentesis.