bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glioblastoma Vascular Plasticity Limits Effector T-cell Infiltration and Is Blocked by cAMP Activation
Authors: Qin Zixi , Huang Youwei , Li Zeying , Pan Guopeng , Zheng Liangying , Xiao Xiao , Wang Fang , Chen Jiahong , Chen Xueqin , Lin Xi , Li Kai , Yan Guangmei , Zhang Haipeng , Xing Fan
Published: August 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the deadliest form of brain cancer. It is a highly angiogenic and immunosuppressive malignancy. Although immune checkpoint blockade therapies have revolutionized treatment for many types of cancer, their therapeutic efficacy in GBM has been far less than expected or even ineffective. In this study, we found that the genomic signature of glioma-derived endothelial cells (GdEC) correlates with an immunosuppressive state and poor prognosis of patients with glioma. We established an in vitro model of GdEC differentiation for drug screening and used this to determine that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activators could effectively block GdEC formation by inducing oxidative stress. Furthermore, cAMP activators impaired GdEC differentiation in vivo, normalized the tumor vessels, and altered the tumor immune profile, especially increasing the influx and function of CD8+ effector T cells. Dual blockade of GdECs and PD-1 induced tumor regression and established antitumor immune memory. Thus, our study reveals that endothelial transdifferentiation of GBM shapes an endothelial immune cell barrier and supports the clinical development of combining GdEC blockade and immunotherapy for GBM.

See related Spotlight by Lee et al., p. 1300
Supplementary Data Legends from The Identification of CELSR3 and Other Potential Cell Surface Targets in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Van Emmenis Lucie , Ku Sheng-Yu , Gayvert Kaitlyn , Branch Jonathan R. , Brady Nicholas J. , Basu Subhasree , Russell Michael , Cyrta Joanna , Vosoughi Aram , Sailer Verena , Alnajar Hussein , Dardenne Etienne , Koumis Elena , Puca Loredana , Robinson Brian D. , Feldkamp Michael D. , Winkis Annmarie , Majewski Nathan , Rupnow Brent , Gottardis Marco M. , Elemento Olivier , Rubin Mark A. , Beltran Himisha , Rickman David S.
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Table 1 and Supplmentary Figures 1-3 Legends
FIGURE 4 from The Identification of CELSR3 and Other Potential Cell Surface Targets in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Van Emmenis Lucie , Ku Sheng-Yu , Gayvert Kaitlyn , Branch Jonathan R. , Brady Nicholas J. , Basu Subhasree , Russell Michael , Cyrta Joanna , Vosoughi Aram , Sailer Verena , Alnajar Hussein , Dardenne Etienne , Koumis Elena , Puca Loredana , Robinson Brian D. , Feldkamp Michael D. , Winkis Annmarie , Majewski Nathan , Rupnow Brent , Gottardis Marco M. , Elemento Olivier , Rubin Mark A. , Beltran Himisha , Rickman David S.
Published: August 2023

A, Final tumor weights and images of WCM154-sgGFP and WCM154-sgCELSR3 PDOX models. B, H&E and IHC staining of indicated markers (scale bar: 50 μm) from serial sections. C, Multiplex immunofluorescence of lineage markers of sgGFP and sgCELSR3 PDOXs. D, Top gene sets enriched from the GSEAs of the RNA-seq data analyses from the sgCELSR3 PDOX laser capture cells (red) compared with sgGFP captured cells (blue). Right: GSEA enrichment plots of Bosco epithelial differentiation gene set or the GO_Main_Axon gene set enriched sgCELSR3 PDOX laser capture cells or the sgGFP captured cells, respectively. E, Normalized RNA-seq counts obtained for the indicated gene in sgCELSR3 PDOX laser capture cells (red) or the sgGFP captured cells (blue).
FIGURE 2 from The Identification of CELSR3 and Other Potential Cell Surface Targets in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Van Emmenis Lucie , Ku Sheng-Yu , Gayvert Kaitlyn , Branch Jonathan R. , Brady Nicholas J. , Basu Subhasree , Russell Michael , Cyrta Joanna , Vosoughi Aram , Sailer Verena , Alnajar Hussein , Dardenne Etienne , Koumis Elena , Puca Loredana , Robinson Brian D. , Feldkamp Michael D. , Winkis Annmarie , Majewski Nathan , Rupnow Brent , Gottardis Marco M. , Elemento Olivier , Rubin Mark A. , Beltran Himisha , Rickman David S.
Published: August 2023

A and B, Representative IHC staining for CEACAM5 including a mixed foci harboring both NEPC (left) and CRPC (right) that stained positive and negative for CEACAM5, respectively (A) and RHAMM (B) in NEPC and in other tissue samples types from serial sections used in this study (scale bar = 50 μm). A, Right: CEACAM5 IHC expression patterns (negative, focal, or diffuse) on TMAs stratified by tissue type (benign prostate, n = 14; CRPC, n = 26; NEPC, n = 16). C, Combined t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) plot of scRNA-seq data from intact PRN (n = 3) mice. Shown are the expression of indicated markers or signature in PR (n = 3) compared to PRN GEM (n = 3) mice. D, RNA-seq FPKM values of the indicated genes which were significantly deregulated in PRN adenocarcinoma or poorly differentiated/NEPC tumors. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.0001 (Students t test).
Figure S3 from Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Shaoxian , Huang Hao , Sun Runzi , Gao David Shihong , Ye Fan , Huang Jianing , Li Ella , Ni Andrew , Lu Kevin GuoKai , Chen Kong , Jiang Jingting , Morel Penelope A. , Zhong Ziyang , Lu Binfeng
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Figure 3. IL21-anti-HSA/anti-PD-1 leads to altered immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment.
Figure S2 from Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Shaoxian , Huang Hao , Sun Runzi , Gao David Shihong , Ye Fan , Huang Jianing , Li Ella , Ni Andrew , Lu Kevin GuoKai , Chen Kong , Jiang Jingting , Morel Penelope A. , Zhong Ziyang , Lu Binfeng
Published: August 2023

Supplementary Figure 2. FTY720 injection did not affect on anti-PD-1 anti-tumor effect.
FIGURE 8 from Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Shaoxian , Huang Hao , Sun Runzi , Gao David Shihong , Ye Fan , Huang Jianing , Li Ella , Ni Andrew , Lu Kevin GuoKai , Chen Kong , Jiang Jingting , Morel Penelope A. , Zhong Ziyang , Lu Binfeng
Published: August 2023

Reshaping cell-cell communication by combination therapy. The ligand and receptor pairs mediate the interaction between myeloid cells and CD8+ T cells (A) or NK cells (B). Genes upregulated by IL21 and anti-PD-1 mAb combination are indicated in red (unchanged genes are in black). The figure is drawn on the BioRender website (Created with BioRender.com).
FIGURE 6 from Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Shaoxian , Huang Hao , Sun Runzi , Gao David Shihong , Ye Fan , Huang Jianing , Li Ella , Ni Andrew , Lu Kevin GuoKai , Chen Kong , Jiang Jingting , Morel Penelope A. , Zhong Ziyang , Lu Binfeng
Published: August 2023

Combination therapy enhances DC activation and maturation. A, UMAP showing DC subsets, including mDC, cDC1, cDC2, pDC. B, DC subset proportions bar graph. C–E, Heat map showing the expression of selected DEGs in cDC1, cDC2, mDC cells under different treatment conditions. F, Dot plot showing expression of selected genes on different DC subsets under different treatment conditions. G, Dot plot showing expression of Il21r on different DC subsets under different treatment conditions.
FIGURE 5 from Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Shaoxian , Huang Hao , Sun Runzi , Gao David Shihong , Ye Fan , Huang Jianing , Li Ella , Ni Andrew , Lu Kevin GuoKai , Chen Kong , Jiang Jingting , Morel Penelope A. , Zhong Ziyang , Lu Binfeng
Published: August 2023

IL21-anti-HSA and anti-PD-1 mAb administration drives phenotypic polarization and clonal expansion of Treg cells. A, UMAP showing Treg cell subsets, including pre-eTreg cells, eTreg cells, and cycling Treg cells. B, Contour heat map of Treg cell subsets split by different treatment conditions. C, Bar plot of Treg cell subsets under different treatment conditions. D, Heat map showing expression of selected DEGs in Treg cells. E, TCR clonal expansion fractions and average clonal sizes of total Treg cells under different treatment conditions.
FIGURE 4 from Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Shaoxian , Huang Hao , Sun Runzi , Gao David Shihong , Ye Fan , Huang Jianing , Li Ella , Ni Andrew , Lu Kevin GuoKai , Chen Kong , Jiang Jingting , Morel Penelope A. , Zhong Ziyang , Lu Binfeng
Published: August 2023

IL21-anti-HSA/PD-1 mAbs combination therapy alters T-cell function and increases T-cell clonal expansion. A, UMAP showing CD8+ T-cell subsets, including exhausted, cycling, stem-like, effector, and IFN-induced. B, Pseudotime plot of CD8+ T-cell subsets constructed by Monocle3. C, Contour heat map of CD8+ T-cell subsets split by different treatment conditions. D, Bar plots of CD8+ T-cell subsets under different treatment conditions. E, Heat map showing selected DEGs on exhausted CD8+ T cells in different treatment conditions. F, Bar plots showing TCR clonal expansion fractions and average clonal sizes of total CD8+ T cells under different treatment conditions. G, Dot plot showing expression of selected genes associated with the cell cycle on different CD8+ T-cell subsets under different treatment conditions. H, Dot plot showing expression of selected genes associated with glycolysis on different CD8+ T-cell subsets. I, Heat map showing expression of selected DEGs in CD4+ T cells under different treatment conditions. J, TCR clonal expansion fractions and average clonal sizes of CD4+ T cells under different treatment conditions.
FIGURE 2 from Synergism Between IL21 and Anti-PD-1 Combination Therapy is Underpinned by the Coordinated Reprogramming of the Immune Cellular Network in the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Wu Shaoxian , Huang Hao , Sun Runzi , Gao David Shihong , Ye Fan , Huang Jianing , Li Ella , Ni Andrew , Lu Kevin GuoKai , Chen Kong , Jiang Jingting , Morel Penelope A. , Zhong Ziyang , Lu Binfeng
Published: August 2023

IL21 is induced by anti-PD-1 mAb and is required for the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 blockade immunotherapy. A, Genome tracks of aggregate scATAC-seq data at the Il21 locus, clustered by different treatment conditions. B, Dot plot showing Il21 expression in CD4+ T cells after PD-1 mAb treatment. C, Randomization of mice 5 days after inoculation with MC38 tumors, followed by intraperitoneal injection of drugs. Injections were given every 4 days for a total of four injections. Mouse tumor growth curves are shown in the figure (n = 4–5). D–G, Tumor growth curves of single mice in different groups. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, and two-way ANOVA test was used to compare the statistical differences of tumor growth curves among multiple groups. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001.
Data from The Identification of CELSR3 and Other Potential Cell Surface Targets in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer
Authors: Van Emmenis Lucie , Ku Sheng-Yu , Gayvert Kaitlyn , Branch Jonathan R. , Brady Nicholas J. , Basu Subhasree , Russell Michael , Cyrta Joanna , Vosoughi Aram , Sailer Verena , Alnajar Hussein , Dardenne Etienne , Koumis Elena , Puca Loredana , Robinson Brian D. , Feldkamp Michael D. , Winkis Annmarie , Majewski Nathan , Rupnow Brent , Gottardis Marco M. , Elemento Olivier , Rubin Mark A. , Beltran Himisha , Rickman David S.
Published: August 2023

Although recent efforts have led to the development of highly effective androgen receptor (AR)-directed therapies for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, a significant subset of patients will progress with resistant disease including AR-negative tumors that display neuroendocrine features [neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC)]. On the basis of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from a clinical cohort of tissue from benign prostate, locally advanced prostate cancer, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and NEPC, we developed a multi-step bioinformatics pipeline to identify NEPC-specific, overexpressed gene transcripts that encode cell surface proteins. This included the identification of known NEPC surface protein CEACAM5 as well as other potentially targetable proteins (e.g., HMMR and CESLR3). We further showed that cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3 (CELSR3) knockdown results in reduced NEPC tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro. We provide in vivo data including laser capture microdissection followed by RNA-seq data supporting a causal role of CELSR3 in the development and/or maintenance of the phenotype associated with NEPC. Finally, we provide initial data that suggests CELSR3 is a target for T-cell redirection therapeutics. Further work is now needed to fully evaluate the utility of targeting CELSR3 with T-cell redirection or other similar therapeutics as a potential new strategy for patients with NEPC.
Significance:
The development of effective treatment for patients with NEPC remains an unmet clinical need. We have identified specific surface proteins, including CELSR3, that may serve as novel biomarkers or therapeutic targets for NEPC.
Overexpression of SOX2 Gene by Histone Modifications: SOX2 Enhances Human Prostate and Breast Cancer Progression by Prevention of Apoptosis and Enhancing Cell Proliferation
Authors: Kar Swayamsiddha , Niharika  , Roy Ankan , Patra Samir Kumar
Published: August 2023

Introduction: SOX2 plays a crucial role in tumor development, cancer stem cell maintenance, and cancer progression. Mechanisms of SOX2 gene regulation in human breast and prostate cancers are not established yet. Methods: SOX2 expression in prostate and breast cancer tissues and cell lines was determined by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunochemistry, followed by the investigation of pro-tumorigenic properties like cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis by gene knockdown and treatment with epigenetic modulators and ChIP. Results: Prostate and breast cancer tissues showed very high expression of SOX2. All cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3 (prostate) and MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 (breast) exhibited high expression of SOX2. Inhibition of SOX2 drastically decreased cell proliferation and migration. Epigenetic modulators enhanced SOX2 gene expression in both cancer types. DNA methylation pattern in SOX2 promoter could not be appreciably counted for SOX2 overexpression. Activation of SOX2 gene promoter was due to very high deposition of H3K4me3 and H3K9acS10p and drastic decrease of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Conclusion: Histone modification is crucial for the overexpression of SOX2 during tumor development and cancer progression. These findings show the avenue of co-targeting SOX2 and its active epigenetic modifier enzymes to effectively treat aggressive prostate and breast cancers.
Crônicas de campo na Guiana venezuelana : Natureza, circulação e garimpos na rodovia Troncal 10
Authors: Silva Gutemberg de Vilhena , Miceli Clícia Di
Published: August 2023

Este texto, no formato crônica de campo, analisa algumas questões pertinentes sobre o transporte rodoviário pela Trans-rodoguianense tomando como referência a via venezuelana Troncal 10. Esta via acima mencionada é composta por um conjunto de rodovias dos cinco países amazônicos na região das Guianas: Brasil, Guiana Francesa (França), Suriname, República da Guiana e Venezuela. No texto destacamos: uma vegetação bem diversificada no trajeto, o relevo mais peculiar da região, as comunidades indígenas, o perigoso trajeto e as zonas garimpeiras. Por fim, trazemos algumas considerações sobre as cidades fronteiriças de Santa Elena do Uairén (VE) e Pacaraima (BR). Para tanto, a principal base metodológica foi o trabalho de campo que nos possibilitou vários registros fotográficos, entrevistas abertas e consulta documental. Concluímos que o problema socioeconômico que a Venezuela passa na última década tem sido dramático para a vida das pessoas ao menos no trajeto percorrido. Garimpos, guerrilhas e grupos civis armados sintetizam os grandes desafios para se re-construir relações econômicas e ambientalmente mais adequadas para um futuro melhor para o povo venezuelano ao longo da Troncal 10. As cidades gêmeas de Pacaraima (BR) e Santa Elena do Uairén (VE) demonstram claramente a mudança de relações socioeconômicas estabelecidas entre elas ao menos na última década. A primeira deixou de ser uma cidade de poucos moradores, quase todos brasileiros, e inexpressiva dimensão econômica, para ser um importante entreposto comercial e abrigar como moradia muito mais venezuelanos do que brasileiros.
O retrato da judicialização nas demandas judiciais de saúde propostas pela Defensoria Pública da União no Município de Porto Alegre/RS
Authors: Pires Natália Silva , Rocha Cristianne Maria Famer , Brochier Liliane Spencer Bittencourt , Petersen Letícia Lassen , Cunha Jarbas Ricardo Almeida
Published: August 2023

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a judicialização da saúde na atuação da Defensoria Pública da União, unidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2018, com a premissa balizadora de identificação das principais demandas atendidas e das variáveis socioeconômicas dos demandantes – sexo, raça/cor, faixa etária, renda, escolaridade –, sob a perspectiva da saúde coletiva. A pesquisa justifica-se uma vez que a judicialização da saúde tem ocupado um lugar de destaque no volume de demandas que chegam ao atendimento prestado pelo Poder Judiciário, situação que exige dos gestores do sistema de saúde atenção ao perfil das demandas que tramitam e são deferidas nessa seara para análise e atualização da própria política. Para esse desiderato, utilizou-se estratégia metodológica quantitativa e analítica. Os dados foram coletados no Sistema de Informações Simultâneas da Defensoria Pública da União referentes à Unidade de Porto Alegre. Destaca-se, quanto aos resultados, que a instituição analisada necessita aperfeiçoar a identificação das variáveis socioeconômicas dos demandantes e que a principal demanda judicializada pela Defensoria Pública é por medicamentos de alto custo. Conclui-se que a judicialização da saúde pode revelar-se ora espaço de efetivação de direitos sociais, ora descaminho ao perfil democrático de acesso aos atendimentos preconizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde.
Arabe 330b
Authors: Ince Barış
Published: August 2023

This article is an examination of the vocalised quranic manuscript MS Paris, BnF Arabe 330b, currently found at the Bibliothèque nationale de France. The vocalisation system in the manuscript clearly reflects two canonical readings, namely those of Ḥamzah and Warsh, and has tremendous consistency with how medieval Islamic scholarship described these readings. This was established through a juxtaposition of the manuscript’s vocalisation, rasm and verse dividers with the classical Islamic qirāʾāt literature.
Mamlūk Qurʾān Manuscripts
Authors: Witkam Jan Just , van Putten Marijn
Published: August 2023

The present article focuses on additional texts or appendices by scribes to three Qurʾānic manuscripts of the Mamlūk era. These appendices were accidentally found in the collections of Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyyah in Cairo: in Maṣāḥif 81 dating from 734/1334; Maṣāḥif 94 from 830/1427; and Maṣāḥif 143 also from 879/1474–1475. The three manuscripts are one-volume luxury copies of the Qurʾān. The subjects of these scribal appendices are mostly matters of qirāʾāt, taǧwīd, and waqf. They make explicit some of the rules that all scribes have internalized for themselves, as is often the case with crafts, but which are rarely recorded. Two of the three texts examined here are short, no more than one or two pages, but an exception to this is the longer text at the end of Maṣāḥif 81, the oldest example of the scribal additions that are presented herewith. The appendices are presented in chronological order. First, every manuscript is described generally, then each appendix is presented in transcription and annotated translation. At the end, a glossary of the technical terminology in use is added. All appendices are shown in facsimile.
Scattered Leaves
Authors: Sahragard Mahdi
Published: August 2023

A number of folios of a grand Qurʾan, known as the Qurʾan of Bāysunghur, are preserved in collections across the world. No thorough research has been carried out on this manuscript due to the fact that the folios of this Qurʾan—the largest of the Islamic era—are scattered. Consequently, many points about the early details, the scribe and the history of the manuscript remain vague. Endowed between the late 12th/18th and the early 14th/20th century to the Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍavī Library and Museum in Mashhad, around sixty-five opisthographic folios of the Qurʾan are now kept in the collection. A close investigation of the folios not only rejects and proves earlier hypotheses but also presents new ones. After examining the codicological features of the work by comparing the information contained in the historical sources and the features of the manuscript, the present article speculates that the Qurʾan was commissioned by Ulugh Beg in Samarqand, to the scribes of the court scriptorium. Some folios were scattered in the course of the 10th/16th century and the rest during the occupation of Samarqand in the course of the 12th/18th century. Around sixty pages, however, were transferred to Imāmzāda Ibrāhīm of Qūchān and five pages were endowed to the Holy Shrine of Imām Riḍā during the 12th/18th century. Finally, in 1923, the remaining folios of the Imāmzāda were transferred to the Library of the Holy Shrine to be mended, where they have been kept ever since.
The Qurʾānic Codices and Fragments Ascribed to Imām ʿAlī and Other Shīʿa Imāms
Authors: Karimi-Nia Morteza
Published: August 2023

For nearly a thousand years, certain copies of the Qurʾān have been ascribed to such prominent Islamic figures as Imām ʿAlī and other Shīʿa Imāms. Although no evidence of ascription is found from the first three centuries, nearly two hundred copies of such manuscripts and fragments are found today around the world, especially in Shiite areas. After a historical overview of the phenomenon and classification of the various types of ascribed codices, this article provides evidence for the rejection of these ascriptions and that establishes the colophons as forgeries. The last part of the article includes a table of about two hundred Qurʾānic manuscripts ascribed to Shīʿa Imāms preserved in libraries and museums all over the world.
The Response of Extratropical Cyclone Propagation in the Northern Hemisphere to Global Warming
Authors: Crawford Alex D. , McCrystall Michelle R. , Lukovich Jennifer V. , Stroeve Julienne C.
Published: August 2023

Extratropical cyclones (ETCs) are a common source of natural hazards, from heavy rain to high winds, and the direction and speed of ETC propagation influence where impacts occur and for how long. Eighteen models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) are used to examine the response of Northern Hemisphere ETC propagation to global warming. In winter, simulations show that ETCs become slower over North America and the Arctic but faster over the Pacific Ocean and part of Europe. In summer, storm propagation becomes slightly slower throughout much of the midlatitudes (30°–60°N). Trends in both seasons relate closely to the impact of global warming on upper-level (250 hPa) winds and the 850–250-hPa thickness gradient. Wherever local thickness gradients weaken in the future, ETCs travel more slowly; conversely, wherever they strengthen, ETCs travel more quickly. In contrast to past work, we find that winter storm propagation becomes more zonal over the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which may link to decreased atmospheric blocking and less-sinuous flow at 500 hPa. The importance of model projections of the 850–250-hPa thickness gradient for meridionality of ETC propagation remains uncertain for these regions. However, for North America, models that project stronger thickness gradients also project less-sinuous flow and more-zonal ETC propagation. Overall, this work highlights strong regional variation in how the speed and direction of ETC propagation, and the upper-level circulation patterns that govern them, respond to continued warming.

Significance Statement

Extratropical storms are common sources of natural hazards like heavy rain and high winds. In our analysis of projections from 18 climate models, we find that winter storms tend to move more slowly over midlatitude North America and the Arctic as the world warms but move faster over the North Pacific Ocean and part of Europe. Slight slowing of summer storms is projected throughout much of the midlatitudes. When storms move slower, their attendant hazards (like heavy precipitation) last longer for the areas they impact. Further, Atlantic winter storms travel more west to east instead of southwest to northeast, so they impact Iceland less often and the British Isles more often. Changes become more dramatic with each additional degree of global warming.
Decentralised Governance in India: An Evaluation in Context of Panchayati Raj Institutions
Authors: Dalal Rajbir Singh , Dhilon Sandeep
Published: August 2023

The world’s largest democratic system of governance is a main feature of India. Democracy requires that there should be public participation, transparency and accountability in governance. Governance is a process in which ‘full benefit of democratic government could not be realized unless the society admits and believes that all problems in their incidence require decision at the place and by the people, by whom the incidence is most deeply felt’. The process of ushering in social change and economic development in a developing country like India requires adequate dissemination so that local committees and individuals could participate and bring local energy, enthusiasm, initiatives and resources under ideal local conditions to work out local developmental activities. The form of democratic decentralisation in India is visible in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). These institutions have been given a constitutional form by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992. The Panchayati Raj (PR) system in its present form has been in operation for the last over 70 years which is sufficient time to evaluate the objectives of its implementation. Therefore, it is pertinent and necessary to do an analysis of democratic decentralised governance in India in respect of PRIs. The present paper is an effort to highlight and understand constitutional provisions vis-a-vis reality of democratic decentralisation and PRIs in India. What are the main constraints in realisation of the constitutional obligations before these bodies of democratic governance and how can these be overcome?
Using TV Reality Shows as a Platform to Influence Behavioural Intention Towards Agricultural Participation Among Nigerian Youths
Authors: Ogwu Chris Attah , Ogwo Comfort Ajuma , Obichili Mercy Ifeyinwa , Chinweobo-Onuoha Blessing N. , Charles Chukwudi Eze , Gever Esther Rita , Gever Verlumun Celestine
Published: August 2023

The study sought to test the efficacy of TV reality shows like Big Brother Naija in disseminating agricultural information to youths to influence their intention to engage in agriculture. A quasi-experimental research design was used to carry out this study, while a structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The result showed that youths exposed to TV reality show content with agricultural messages embedded in them reported more intention to engage in agriculture than those who were not. A follow-up evaluation after 12 months revealed that the improvement was consistent.
A Systematic Review of Cognitive Function, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Liu Ziyu , Zhuang Jingming , Wei Li , Lu Aiwen , Hou Jiangang , Yang Xiaoli
Published: August 2023

Objective

To retrospectively analyze the effects of different treatments on cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted in multiple databases including the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Sino Med, Wei Pu, Wan Fang, CNKI, and Google Scholar. The search included studies published through June 20, 2023, focusing on cognitive function, anxiety, and depression in adult patients newly diagnosed with PCNSL. Various measurement tools and scales were used to assess the primary outcomes. Descriptive systematic reviews were conducted to integrate the literature and summarize the effects of different treatment modalities on cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression in PCNSL patients. This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022370250).

Results

A total of 43 studies were included. Induction chemotherapy was associated with improved cognitive function and reduced anxiety and depression in the majority of patients. Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) was found to lead to cognitive impairment, particularly in executive, attention, memory, and motor function. Low-dose WBRT, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), and blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD) treatments did not result in significant cognitive impairment. Anxiety and depression were observed to decrease over the long term.

Conclusions

Overall, the cognitive functioning, anxiety, and depression of patients with PCNSL can be improved with appropriate treatments. However, patients treated with WBRT are at a higher risk of cognitive decline compared to those receiving other treatment modalities. Therefore, special attention should be given to patients undergoing WBRT, and a comprehensive analysis should be conducted to reduce neurotoxicity and address early cognitive problems in these patients.
Metaverse: Evolving role in healthcare delivery and implications
Authors: Kataria Suchitra , Kedia Arun Kumar , Ravindran Vinod
Published: August 2023

Metaverse, or the immersive internet, is touted as the next considerable technology-led disruption on the horizon, which can potentially disrupt clinician–patient interactions, patient experience, innovation and research and development processes. Metaverse is still in the evolution phase, and its firm definition framework is a work in progress. Surgical training allows the trainees to mimic procedures and simulate cross-collaborations within time and space, shortening the learning cycles. Similarly, patient experiences can be built by creating unique experiences replicating the real world without constraints. At the same time, the care providers can foster greater empathy while serving the patients with regular or special specific needs per disease conditions.
The behaviour change behind a successful pilot of hypoglycaemia reduction with HYPO-CHEAT
Authors: Worth Chris , Nutter Paul W , Salomon-Estebanez Maria , Auckburally Sameera , Dunne Mark J , Banerjee Indraneel , Harper Simon
Published: August 2023

Background

Children with hypoglycaemia disorders, such as congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), are at constant risk of hypoglycaemia (low blood sugars) with the attendant risk of brain injury. Current approaches to hypoglycaemia detection and prevention vary from fingerprick glucose testing to the provision of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to machine learning (ML) driven glucose forecasting. Recent trends for ML have had limited success in preventing free-living hypoglycaemia, due to a focus on increasingly accurate glucose forecasts and a failure to acknowledge the human in the loop and the essential step of changing behaviour. The wealth of evidence from the fields of behaviour change and persuasive technology (PT) allows for the creation of a theory-informed and technologically considered approach.

Objectives

We aimed to create a PT that would overcome the identified barriers to hypoglycaemia prevention for those with CHI to focus on proactive prevention rather than commonly used reactive approaches.

Methods

We used the behaviour change technique taxonomy and persuasive systems design models to create HYPO-CHEAT (HYpoglycaemia-Prevention-thrOugh-Cgm-HEatmap-Assisted-Technology): a novel approach that presents aggregated CGM data in simple visualisations. The resultant ease of data interpretation is intended to facilitate behaviour change and subsequently reduce hypoglycaemia.

Results

HYPO-CHEAT was piloted in 10 patients with CHI over 12 weeks and successfully identified weekly patterns of hypoglycaemia. These patterns consistently correlated with identifiable behaviours and were translated into both a change in proximal fingerprick behaviour and ultimately, a significant reduction in aggregated hypoglycaemia from 7.1% to 5.4% with four out of five patients showing clinically meaningful reductions in hypoglycaemia.

Conclusions

We have provided pilot data of a new approach to hypoglycaemia prevention that focuses on proactive prevention and behaviour change. This approach is personalised for individual patients with CHI and is a first step in changing our approach to hypoglycaemia prevention in this group.
Comparison of effectiveness of different training tools on the level of knowledge about emergency management of avulsed teeth in non-dentists
Authors: Gümüşboğa Zekiye Şeyma , Duruk Gülsüm
Published: August 2023

Objective

Tooth avulsion is a type of trauma requiring an emergency response, and the level of knowledge of non-dentists on the emergency management of avulsed teeth is important for the prognosis of affected teeth. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of training given using different tools on the level of knowledge about the emergency management of avulsed teeth in non-dentists.

Methods

A total of 125 individuals (female, 32.8%; male, 67.2%; mean age, 38.5 ± 7.32 years) participated in the study. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups, and the training was offered to these groups using different training tools (group 1, storybook; group 2, poster; group 3, ToothSOS App). A survey was conducted on all participants to measure their knowledge levels before training (T0), immediately after (T1), and 1 month later (T2). The Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, Wilcoxon, and Friedman tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results

The participants’ mean correct answer scores on a scale from 0 to 21 were 7.76 ± 4.00, 5.47 ± 4.71, and 7.38 ± 2.96 at T0 in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and their mean scores increased to 14.68 ± 4.10, 13.74 ± 3.28, and 13.86 ± 3.01 at T1 and 13.41 ± 3.34, 12.34 ± 3.77, and 13.66 ± 3.56 at T2. The correct answer scores increased significantly at both T1 and T2 in all groups ( p < 0.001).

Conclusion

None of the training tools used in the study was superior in increasing the level of knowledge. More comprehensive and long-term studies on this subject are needed.
Punishing Protesters on the “Other Side”: Partisan Bias in Public Support for Repressive and Punitive Responses to Protest Violence
Authors: Silver Jason R. , Shi Luzi
Published: August 2023

The authors investigated public support for government repression of protests (police repression, legal repression, and punishment of protesters) following incidents of violence and harm. Using two factorial vignette experiments embedded in a national Qualtrics survey ( n = 1,229), the authors examined whether partisan bias (i.e., polarized responses to actions by ideological opponents or allies) characterized public preferences for repressive government responses to intentional violence (i.e., rock throwing) or incidental harm (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019 transmission) occurring at protests. The authors also examined whether violence or harm severity, or violence against or harm to police, influenced the degree of partisan bias in public responses. The results indicated partisan bias in support of police repression and punishment preferences and, to a lesser extent, legal repression. Members of the public preferred more repressive responses to political opponents and less repressive responses to political allies. Partisan bias in preferences for punishment was also heightened when a police officer was the target of intentional violence.
Attachment Behaviour, Attachment Representations, and Symptoms of Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder in Foster Children With Different Preplacement Experiences
Authors: Jorjadze Nino , Bovenschen Ina , Spangler Gottfried
Published: August 2023

Foster care offers children a safe family environment and is effective in buffering the negative effects of early adversity. Specifically, foster care has been found to facilitate secure attachment to foster parents. However, there are limited data on attachment development in children entering foster care after the first year of life. In this study, we examined attachment behaviour and representations as well as symptoms of reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) in 3–6 year-old foster children. We studied two subgroups of foster children with different preplacement experiences (Group 1: children entering foster care after living in institutions; Group 2: children entering foster care after living with their biological families) and compared them with a community sample. The results revealed that children in both foster care groups showed significantly lower attachment security at the behavioural level, higher hyperactivation and disorganization at the representational level, and significantly more symptoms of RAD and DSED than the children in the control group. Analyses did not indicate significant differences between the foster care groups. Moreover, no significant associations were found between attachment-related variables and preplacement experiences. This may be an indication that in long-term foster care, the quality of foster care becomes the major factor affecting a child’s attachment development. Thus, foster parents need supportive services and interventions with a focus on attachment development.
Therapist and supervisor perspectives about two train-the-trainer implementation strategies in schools: A qualitative study
Authors: Lawson Gwendolyn M. , Comly Rachel , Beidas Rinad S. , Khanna Muniya S. , Goldstein Jessica , Brizzolara-Dove Shelby , Wilson Tara , Rabenau-McDonnell Quinn , Eiraldi Ricardo
Published: August 2023

Background

Train-the-trainer (TT) implementation strategies (in which designated clinicians are trained to then train others in an intervention) are promising approaches to support mental health clinician use of evidence-based interventions in school contexts. However, there is little evidence to date examining clinicians’ perceptions of the acceptability and feasibility of TT strategies, or comparing clinicians’ perceptions of different types of TT strategies.

Methods

The current study was conducted as part of a larger hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial, in which school-based therapists and supervisors received one of two different types of implementation support to implement cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) groups for anxiety: TT (i.e., initial training for therapists and supervisors) or enhanced TT (TT+; i.e., initial training for therapists and supervisors, and ongoing external consultation for supervisors). We used applied thematic analysis to compare qualitative interview transcripts from 28 therapist interviews and 33 supervisor interviews from therapists and supervisors who received TT or TT+ support and report themes that were similar and different across the two groups.

Results

Most themes were similar across the TT and TT+ conditions: therapists and supervisors in both conditions perceived the group anxiety intervention as acceptable and viewed supervision as acceptable, helpful, and feasible. Therapists and supervisors in both conditions had mixed impressions of the contextual appropriateness of the group anxiety intervention, and some reported logistical challenges with weekly supervision. Some unique themes were identified among the TT+ condition, including supervisors experiencing professional growth, and therapists and supervisors perceiving supervision as critically important and enjoyable.

Conclusions

These results suggest that TT implementation support, using a model in which an internal supervisor receives initial training and then provides ongoing supervision, is acceptable and feasible to support a group CBT intervention in schools. The results also highlight additional benefits that therapists and supervisors perceived when supervisors received ongoing consultation.

Clinical Trial Registration Information

The clinical trial from which these data were derived was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ) prior to the time of first patient enrollment. The registration number is: NCT02651402.
Triage body temperature and its influence on patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Chen Shih-Hao , Chang Hung-Chieh , Chiu Po-Wei , Hong Ming-Yuan , Lin I-Chen , Yang Chih-Chun , Hsu Chien-Te , Ling Chia-Wei , Chang Ying-Hsin , Cheng Ya-Yun , Lin Chih-Hao
Published: August 2023

Background

Fever can occur after acute myocardial infarction (MI). The influence of body temperature (BT) after hospital arrival on patients with acute MI has rarely been investigated.

Methods

Patients who were diagnosed with acute MI in the emergency department (ED) of a tertiary teaching hospital between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 were enrolled. Based on the tympanic temperature obtained at the ED triage, patients were categorized into normothermic (35.5°C-37.5°C), hypothermic (< 35.5°C), or hyperthermic (> 37.5°C) groups. The primary outcome was in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), while the secondary outcomes were adverse events. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

There were 440 enrollees; significant differences were found among the normothermic (n = 369, 83.9%), hypothermic (n = 27, 6.1%), and hyperthermic (n = 44, 10.0%) groups in the triage respiratory rate (median [IQR]) (20.0 [4.0] cycles/min versus 20.0 [4.0] versus 20.0 [7.5], p = 0.009), triage heart rate (88.0 [29.0] beats/min versus 82.0 [28.0] versus 102.5 [30.5], p < 0.001), presence of ST-elevation MI (42.0% versus 66.7% versus 31.8%, p = 0.014), need for cardiac catheterization (87.3% versus 85.2% versus 72.7%, p = 0.034), initial troponin T level (165.9 [565.2] ng/L versus 49.1 [202.0] versus 318.8 [2002.0], p = 0.002), peak troponin T level (343.8 [1405.9] ng/L versus 218.7 [2318.2] versus 832.0 [2640.8], p = 0.003), length of ICU stay (2.0 [3.0] days versus 3.0 [8.0] versus 3.0 [9.5], p = 0.006), length of hospital stay (4.0 [4.5] days versus 6.0 [15.0] versus 10.5 [10.8], p < 0.001), and infection during hospitalization (19.8% versus 29.6% versus 63.6%, p < 0.001) but not in IHCA (7.6% versus 14.8% versus 11.4%, p = 0.323) or any adverse events (50.9% versus 48.1% versus 63.6%, p = 0.258). Multivariable analysis showed no significant association of triage BT with IHCA or any major complication.

Conclusion

Triage BT did not show a significant association with IHCA or adverse events in patients with acute MI. However, triage BT could be associated with different clinical presentations and should warrant further investigation.
What is the best way to keep the patient warm during technical rescue? Results from two prospective randomised controlled studies with healthy volunteers
Authors: Lier Martin , Jebens Christopher , Lorey-Tews Annette , Heyne Tim , Kunze-Szikszay Nils , Wieditz Johannes , Bräuer Anselm
Published: August 2023

Background

Accidental hypothermia is a manifest problem during the rescue of entrapped victims and results in different subsequent problems as coagulopathy and wound infection. Different warming methods are available for the preclinicial use. However, their effectiveness has hardly been evaluated.

Methods

In a first step a survey among German fire brigades was performed with questions about the most used warming methods. In a second step two crossover studies were conducted. In each study two different warming method were compared with forced air warming – which is the most frequently used and highly effective warming method in operation rooms (Study A: halogen floodlight vs. forced air warming; Study B: forced air warming vs. fleece blanket). In both studies healthy volunteers (Study A: 30 volunteers, Study B: 32 volunteers) were sitting 60 min in a cold store. In the first 21 min there was no subject warming. Afterwards the different warming methods were initiated. Every 3 min parameters like skin temperature, core body temperature and cold perception on a 10-point numeric rating scale were recorded. Linear mixed models were fitted for each parameter to check for differences in temperature trajectories and cold perception with regard to the different warming methods.

Results

One hundred fifty-one German fire brigades responded to the survey. The most frequently used warming methods were different rescue blankets (gold/silver, wool) and work light (halogen floodlights). Both studies (A and B) showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher values in mean skin temperature, mean body temperature and total body heat for the forced air warming methods compared to halogen floodlight respectively fleece blanket shortly after warming initiation. In contrast, values for the cold perception were significantly lower (less unpleasant cold perception) during the phase the forced air warming methods were used, compared to the fleece blanket or the halogen floodlight was used.

Conclusion

Forced air warming methods used under the standardised experimental setting are an effective method to keep patients warm during technical rescue. Halogen floodlight has an insufficient effect on the patient’s heat preservation. In healthy subjects, fleece blankets will stop heat loss but will not correct heat that has already been lost.

Trial registration

The studies were registered retrospectively on 14/02/2022 on the German Clinical Trials registry (DRKS) with the number DRKS00028079.