bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling and Optimization Design of Embedded Rubber Waterstops in Tunnel Lining
Authors: Fan Xuan , Wang Hailin , Xie Chaoran , Lei Mingfeng , Gong Chenjie
Published: February 2025

Tunnel water leakage is a common issue. Embedded rubber waterstops are crucial in ensuring the waterproofing performance of mountain tunnels. The deformation performance of a rubber waterstop directly impacts its effectiveness, with structural parameters playing a key role. This study employs numerical simulation methods to quantitatively assess the impact of structural parameters—such as the central hole, ribs, and flanges—on the deformation performance of waterstops. The parametric analysis reveals significant variations in how different structural components affect the deformation performance, as indicated by the defined deformation stress influence rate. Specifically, the deformation performance of the embedded waterstop under tensile, compression, and settlement deformations shows a correlation with factors such as the ratio of the central hole opening rate to thickness and the inner and outer diameters. Additionally, an optimization analysis, taking both economic and performance factors into account, was conducted on 16 types of waterstops with different central hole parameters, from which the optimal waterstop was selected. This research provides a scientific basis for enhancing the deformation performance of waterstops and optimizing their structure.
Superior Resistance and Ductility Through Novel Quench- and Partitioning-Path in Complex Refined Microstructure
Authors: Masoumi Mohammad , Deluque-Toro Crispulo E. , Ariza-Echeverri Edwan Anderson
Published: February 2025

A well-designed complex microstructure containing both soft and hard micro-constituents can enhance the mechanical properties of steel. In this study, commercial AISI 9254 steel was annealed at 900 °C, rapidly cooled to 550 °C for 500 s to promote approximately 50% fine pearlitic transformation, quenched to 125 °C for partial martensitic transformation, and finally heated to 375 °C for 1800 s to complete the partitioning stage in a novel quench and partitioning (Q&P) process. Tensile testing revealed a yield strength (YS) of ≈1500 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of ≈1570 MPa, and a total elongation of ≈13.85%. This high yield strength indicates the ability of the material to support the development of lightweight, yet high-strength components for demanding applications. Additionally, the balanced total elongation helps mitigate the risk of brittle failure, enhancing fracture toughness and reducing the likelihood of premature failures in critical structural applications. These results indicate an increase of approximately 8.3% in strength and 34.5% in ductility compared to the as-received 9254 steel. X-ray analysis revealed that the complex microstructure had fewer crystallographic defect densities than the as-received sample. Secondary electron images showed ultrafine martensite laths and cementite lamellae within the body-centered cubic (BCC) matrix, with some proeutectoid ferrite found at prior austenite grains. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis estimated low internal distortion in martensite laths, with average crystal defect densities around 2.25 × 1014 m−2. The BCC matrix contained ferrite and martensite, with carbide particles and a small amount of retained austenite detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These findings confirm the enhanced mechanical properties of commercial 9254 steel through the novel Q&P processing.
Cascade Sliding Mode Control for Linear Displacement Positioning of a Quadrotor
Authors: Sawiński Albert , Chudzik Piotr , Tatar Karol
Published: February 2025

This paper contains an example of a simulation implementation of sliding mode control algorithms for the problem of adjusting the linear position of a quadrotor. A mathematical model of the drone was proposed, which was then implemented in a simulation environment. The method of designing sliding mode controllers using the Lyapunov method in order to improve stability was presented. A cascade system based entirely on sliding mode control algorithms is introduced. The article ends with a comparative analysis of simulation test results of classical control systems and controllers based on sliding mode control.
Personalized Cognitive Support via Social Robots
Authors: Rincon Arango Jaime Andres , Marco-Detchart Cedric , Julian Inglada Vicente Javier
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the use of personalized cognitive support through social robots to assist the elderly in maintaining cognitive health and emotional well-being. As aging populations grow, the demand for innovative solutions to address issues like loneliness, cognitive decline, and physical limitations increases. The studied social robots utilize machine learning and advanced sensor technology to deliver real-time adaptive interactions, including cognitive exercises, daily task assistance, and emotional support. Through responsive and personalized features, the robot enhances user autonomy and improves quality of life by monitoring physical and emotional states and adapting to the needs of each user. This study also examines the challenges of implementing assistive robots in home and healthcare settings, offering insights into the evolving role of AI-powered social robots in eldercare.
Artificial Intelligence in IR Thermal Imaging and Sensing for Medical Applications
Authors: Nowakowski Antoni Z. , Kaczmarek Mariusz
Published: February 2025

The state of the art in IR thermal imaging methods for applications in medical diagnostics is discussed. A review of advances in IR thermal imaging technology in the years 1960–2024 is presented. Recently used artificial intelligence (AI) methods in the analysis of thermal images are the main interest. IR thermography is discussed in view of novel applications of machine learning methods for improved diagnostic analysis and medical treatment. The AI approach aims to improve image quality by denoising thermal images, using applications of AI super-resolution algorithms, removing artifacts, object detection, face and characteristic features localization, complex matching of diagnostic symptoms, etc.
Hierarchical Resource Management for Mega-LEO Satellite Constellation
Authors: Gou Liang , Bian Dongming , Nie Yulei , Zhang Gengxin , Zhou Hongwei , Shi Yulin , Zhang Lei
Published: February 2025

The mega-low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation is pivotal for the future of satellite Internet and 6G networks. In the mega-LEO satellite constellation system (MLSCS), which is the spatial distribution of satellites, global users, and their services, along with the utilization of global spectrum resources, significantly impacts resource allocation and scheduling. This paper addresses the challenge of effectively allocating system resources based on service and resource distribution, particularly in hotspot areas where user demand is concentrated, to enhance resource utilization efficiency. We propose a novel three-layer management architecture designed to implement scheduling strategies and alleviate the processing burden on the terrestrial Network Control Center (NCC), while providing real-time scheduling capabilities to adapt to rapid changes in network topology, resource distribution, and service requirements. The three layers of the resource management architecture—NCC, space base station (SBS), and user terminal (UT)—are discussed in detail, along with the functions and responsibilities of each layer. Additionally, we explore various resource scheduling strategies, approaches, and algorithms, including spectrum cognition, interference coordination, beam scheduling, multi-satellite collaboration, and random access. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches and algorithms, indicating significant improvements in resource management in the MLSCS.
Dynamic 3D Measurement Based on Camera-Pixel Mismatch Correction and Hilbert Transform
Authors: Chen Xingfan , Zhang Qican , Wang Yajun
Published: February 2025

In three-dimensional (3D) measurement, the motion of objects inevitably introduces errors, posing significant challenges to high-precision 3D reconstruction. Most existing algorithms for compensating motion-induced phase errors are tailored for object motion along the camera’s principal axis (Z direction), limiting their applicability in real-world scenarios where objects often experience complex combined motions in the X/Y and Z directions. To address these challenges, we propose a universal motion error compensation algorithm that effectively corrects both pixel mismatch and phase-shift errors, ensuring accurate 3D measurements under dynamic conditions. The method involves two key steps: first, pixel mismatch errors in the camera subsystem are corrected using adjacent coarse 3D point cloud data, aligning the captured data with the actual spatial geometry. Subsequently, motion-induced phase errors, observed as sinusoidal waveforms with a frequency twice that of the projection fringe pattern, are eliminated by applying the Hilbert transform to shift the fringes by π/2. Unlike conventional approaches that address these errors separately, our method provides a systematic solution by simultaneously compensating for camera-pixel mismatch and phase-shift errors within the 3D coordinate space. This integrated approach enhances the reliability and precision of 3D reconstruction, particularly in scenarios with dynamic and multidirectional object motions. The algorithm has been experimentally validated, demonstrating its robustness and broad applicability in fields such as industrial inspection, biomedical imaging, and real-time robotics. By addressing longstanding challenges in dynamic 3D measurement, our method represents a significant advancement in achieving high-accuracy reconstructions under complex motion environments.
Recent Progress in Intrinsically Stretchable Sensors Based on Organic Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Zhang Mingxin , Zhou Mengfan , Sun Jing , Tong Yanhong , Zhao Xiaoli , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun
Published: February 2025

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are an ideal platform for intrinsically stretchable sensors due to their diverse mechanisms and unique electrical signal amplification characteristics. The remarkable advantages of intrinsically stretchable sensors lie in their molecular tunability, lightweight design, mechanical robustness, solution processability, and low Young’s modulus, which enable them to seamlessly conform to three-dimensional curved surfaces while maintaining electrical performance under significant deformations. Intrinsically stretchable sensors have been widely applied in smart wearables, electronic skin, biological detection, and environmental protection. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in intrinsically stretchable sensors based on OFETs, including advancements in functional layer materials, sensing mechanisms, and applications such as gas sensors, strain sensors, stress sensors, proximity sensors, and temperature sensors. The conclusions and future outlook discuss the challenges and future outlook for stretchable OFET-based sensors.
Spatial Perception and Navigation in the Absence of Vision
Authors: Chebat Daniel-Robert , Ptito Maurice
Published: February 2025

In congenital blindness (CB), tactile and auditory information can be reinterpreted by the brain to compensate for visual information through brain plasticity mechanisms triggered by training [...]
Principled Faithfulness: A Measure of Moral Reasons for Fidelity and Its Associations with the Tendency to Engage in Extramarital Relationships, Moral Emotions and Emotion Regulation
Authors: Lișman Carmen Gabriela , Holman Andrei Corneliu
Published: February 2025

The prevalence of infidelity is high, although it can have destructive impacts on marital relationships. Most past research has focused on utilitarian concerns against extramarital behavior, analyzing the motivational forces that either deter or foster infidelity as a function of the rewards and costs that unfaithful behavior would involve for the individual. The present research (total N = 1067 Romanian married participants) aimed to highlight the intrinsic moral concerns that deter infidelity in marital relationships by applying the general framework of the Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). The first study developed a measure of the moral reasons for fidelity and examined its dimensions and psychometric properties. The second study investigated its factorial validity and its relationships with the actual tendency to engage in unfaithful behaviors, the intensity of moral emotions toward infidelity, and the use of different emotion regulation strategies. Overall, the results suggest four types of moral reasons for fidelity: heeding rules, reciprocal ownership, loyalty, and decency and nonmaleficence, and the new scale emerged as having satisfactory psychometric proprieties. Higher scores were positively associated with moral disgust, anger, and contempt toward unfaithful marital partners and compassion toward their spouses, as well as cognitive reappraisal and endorsement of the five moral domains described by MFT. Also, married individuals scoring higher on this measure were also found to have a lower propensity toward infidelity. These findings pinpoint a fine-grained outline of the moral underpinnings of fidelity and indicate their potential relevance for the actual tendency to engage in extramarital relations.
Teachers in Initial Training Facing the Sustainable Development Goals: A Comparative Study Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Méndez Ramón , Felices-de la Fuente María del Mar
Published: February 2025

Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is one of the main challenges facing humanity. However, the fulfillment of these goals has been hampered by health and climate crises, as well as international conflicts. Despite this, it remains essential that work is carried out on these UN proposals in all areas, especially in education. This study aims to understand future teachers’ conceptions of the SDGs and the importance they give to teaching them. To do this, a non-experimental quantitative survey-type design was used to compare the results from two academic years (pre-pandemic and post-pandemic) in order to detect any differences. The information was collected via a questionnaire, which was completed by 364 students from the Degree in Primary Education course. The results show an increase in knowledge about the SDGs and a change in the assessment scale regarding the importance of each of its 17 goals. Likewise, there has been an increase in the students’ personal involvement in achieving them, linked to a more pessimistic position about their fulfillment. We conclude that there is a difference in the results between the two contexts, and that teaching about SDGs during teacher training should be reinforced.
Students’ Perceptions of Racial Diversity and Inclusion in UK Universities
Authors: Jones Christopher , Boliver Vikki
Published: February 2025

Building on previous studies of racial inequality in higher education, this paper reports the findings of an online survey (N = 407) exploring the extent to which UK university students recognised the existence of racism in wider society and perceived the need for greater racial diversity and inclusion on campus. Utilising the CoBRAS scale developed by Neville and colleagues together with a new Racially Inclusive Attitudes Scale (RIAS) designed by the lead author of this paper, we find that most students reject the notion that we live in a colour-blind society and feel that their university needs to do more to foster racial diversity and inclusion on campus. However, while the rejection of colour-blind narratives was equally strong across students from all ethnic groups, Black students were significantly more likely than students from other ethnic groups to perceive the need for their university to become more racially diverse and inclusive.
“If It’s Not a Slap or a Punch Then It’s Not Violence”: Portuguese University Student’s Representations and Practices About Intimacies and Dating Violence
Authors: Cerejo Dalila , Jesus Miguel , Tarriño-Concejero Lorena
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to analyze characteristics, representations, and practices of intimacies and violence in Portuguese university students. Data collection involved 10 focus groups with a total of 35 university students aged 18–23. The findings reveal that students conceptualize healthy relationships based on respect, trust, and individuality, reflecting egalitarian ideals. However, participants acknowledge persistent gendered expectations and asymmetries. Contributing factors to dating violence (DV) include gender stereotyping, social media, substance use, and specific social settings. While social media can foster connection, it also enables control and online abuse. Substance use, although not a direct cause, may exacerbate pre-existing tensions. DV predominantly occurs in private settings, though emotional abuse also surfaces in public spaces like social gatherings. Participants condemned DV but noted the societal normalization of less visible forms of violence. They highlighted the role of peers as primary support networks for victims but also pointed to passive attitudes when abuse involves acquaintances. These insights underscore the need for targeted interventions addressing social norms and enhancing informal support networks in university settings. This study enriches the limited qualitative research on DV among Portuguese youth and emphasizes the importance of aligning prevention strategies with the nuanced realities of young people’s relationships.
Elements of a Digital Urbanisation Strategy for Türkiye: Evidence from Psychometric Testing
Authors: Eren Fatih , Çay Kübra
Published: February 2025

The research aims to explore the key components of an ideal grassroots-based digital urbanisation strategy for Türkiye. This exploration seeks to shed light on the most effective digital urbanisation strategies for Türkiye. Data were collected through a literature review, in-depth interviews with experts and psychometric testing methods, and analysed through psychometric assessment and document content analysis. The research indicates that an ideal grassroots-based digital urbanism strategy for Türkiye should focus on people, use technology to ease everyday activities, maintain personal data privacy, be adaptable, encourage diversity, provide freedom and opportunities, protect the city’s heritage, and strive for sustainability. By aligning with these essential elements, revisiting the national strategy documents crafted by the Turkish authorities to enhance the digitalisation process will allow future action plans to be grounded in a more practical framework.
Solar Stirling for Renewable Energy Multigeneration Systems
Authors: Klepp Georg
Published: February 2025

This study explores the feasibility and potential of integrating dish–Stirling systems (DSSs) into multigeneration energy systems, focusing on their ability to produce both thermal and electrical energy. By leveraging the concentrated solar power capabilities of DSSs, this research examines their performance relative to alternative solutions such as photovoltaic (PV) systems and solar heating. A 25 kW Stirling Energy Systems (SES) DSS served as the basis for the analysis. Simulations were performed for local 2022 weather conditions in Germany. The study employed a detailed modeling approach using the NREL System Advisor Model (SAM) to quantify the energy outputs and evaluate the system efficiencies. The results indicate that the DSS achieved an electrical efficiency of 25% and a combined efficiency of 78% when accounting for the maximum thermal energy generated. Seasonal analysis highlights the adaptability to fluctuating energy demands, with advantages in winter heating applications. Comparative evaluations revealed DSSs as a viable cogeneration alternative to standalone PV systems and solar heaters, offering reduced environmental impacts and enhanced energy efficiency. Future work will address real-world operational conditions, including thermal storage and multigeneration integration, positioning the DSS as a sustainable solution for renewable energy generation.
The Impact of Environmental Subsidies and Enforcement on Green Innovation: Evidence from Heavy-Polluting Enterprises in China
Authors: Xu Zhe , Wang Ying , Shi Xiaoliang , Qiu Yingying , Su Chunzi , He Dan
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the critical role of government policies in promoting green development through enterprise-level green innovation (GI). We specifically examine the impact of environmental subsidies (ES) on heavily polluting enterprises and analyze how government environmental enforcement (EE) moderates this relationship. Furthermore, we explore how these effects vary across different ES characteristics and allocation patterns. Using data from heavy-polluting enterprises listed on China’s A-share market from 2012 to 2021, our analysis reveals several key findings. First, ES has unexpectedly hindered GI in heavily polluting enterprises. This negative effect stems from both ES characteristics and allocation patterns. Specifically, advance subsidies, targeted subsidies, and pollution prevention subsidies prove ineffective. The adverse impact of ES on GI is particularly pronounced in state-owned enterprises, companies lacking environmental protection investments, and firms engaging in earnings management practices. However, our findings indicate that strong environmental enforcement (EE) can effectively mitigate these ES-related issues. Under strict EE, ES demonstrates a positive effect on GI and addresses problems associated with both ES design characteristics and allocation patterns. These results offer valuable insights for government policymakers, particularly in developing countries undergoing green transition, to design and implement more effective environmental policies.
Evaluation of the Regional Livestock High Quality Development in China Based on Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneity
Authors: Shi Shuai , Guo Yimeng , Liu Changyu , Zang Faxia
Published: February 2025

The livestock high-quality development (LHIQUD) is an important guarantee for promoting livestock modernization and sustainability. The scientific evaluation of LHIQUD and its regulations is significant to solving the key problems in livestock sustainability and promoting LHIQUD. This paper holds that LHIQUD is influenced by the cutting-edge view of economic development and ecological civilization construction, driven by innovation and the change in quality and efficiency. Its fundamental goal is to satisfy people’s growing demand for safe, high-quality agricultural products. Finally, it will realize the sharing of development achievements and enhance competitiveness of the livestock. Based on this, the study sets up an evaluation system for LHIQUD, including indicators of quality and efficiency improvement, coordination and sharing, green development, and innovative development. The entropy method, exploratory spatial data analysis, and kernel density estimation method are used to evaluate the regional LHIQUD of China from 2010 to 2019. The dynamic evolution and spatial auto-correlation analysis results show that (a) Regional LHIQUD in China has generally improved, and there is a decreasing trend from the East, Northeast, and central region to the West, with the characteristics of spatial non-equilibrium. (b) LHIQUD is positively correlated with the regional economic development. (c) The spatial auto-correlation of LHIQUD is not obvious, generally showing a weak agglomeration pattern. Provincial LHIQUD is interdependent in geographical space, with agglomeration characteristics. The findings of this study are invaluable for governments at all levels to accurately comprehend the true state of regional LHIQUD in China, thereby providing a solid foundation for formulating corresponding policies.
A Survey on Data Mining for Data-Driven Industrial Assets Maintenance
Authors: Coronel Eduardo , Barán Benjamín , Gardel Pedro
Published: February 2025

This survey presents a comprehensive review of data-driven approaches for industrial asset maintenance, emphasizing the use of data mining and machine learning techniques, including deep learning, for condition-based and predictive maintenance. It examines 534 references from 1995 to 2023, along with three additional articles from 2024 on natural language processing and large language models in industrial maintenance. The study categorizes two main techniques, four specialized approaches, and 27 methodologies, resulting in over 100 variations of algorithms tailored to specific maintenance needs for industrial assets. It details the data types utilized in the industrial sector, with the most frequently mentioned being time series data, event timestamp data, and image data. The survey also highlights the most frequently referenced data mining algorithms, such as the proportional hazard model, expert systems, support vector machines, random forest, autoencoder, and convolutional neural networks. Additionally, the survey proposes four level classes of asset complexity and studies five asset types, including mechanical, electromechanical, electrical, electronic, and computing assets. The growing adoption of deep learning is highlighted alongside the continued relevance of traditional approaches such as shallow machine learning and rule-based and model-based techniques. Furthermore, the survey explores emerging trends in machine learning and related technologies, identifies future research directions, and underscores their critical role in advancing condition-based and predictive maintenance frameworks.
HIV Cerebrospinal Fluid Escape: Interventions for the Management, Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kelly Sophie H. , Nightingale Sam , Gupta Ravindra K. , Collier Dami A.
Published: February 2025

Neurocognitive impairment is an important cause of HIV-associated morbidity. The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has shifted the spectrum of HIV-associated cognitive impairment from HIV-associated dementia to milder forms of cognitive impairment. Independent replication of HIV within the central nervous system in those on effective ART with peripheral suppression is a recognised phenomenon known as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) HIV RNA escape. CSF HIV RNA escape is independently associated with neurocognitive impairment but has also been detected in asymptomatic persons with HIV. The current consensus for management of CSF HIV RNA escape is based on expert opinion rather than empirical evidence. The current evidence suggests having a low threshold to investigate for CSF HIV RNA escape and optimising ART based on resistance profiles. The use of central nervous system (CNS) penetration effectiveness scores is no longer recommended. The evidence for statins, SSRIs, minocycline, lithium and valproate is limited to small-scale studies. There are potential new developments in the form of nanoparticles, Janus Kinase inhibitors and latency reversal agents.
Flow Characteristics and Pressure Pulsation Analysis of Cavitation Induced in a Double-Volute Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Tu Yongsha , Zhao Xueying , Lu Lifeng , Zhou Wenjie , Li Siwei , Dai Jin , Wang Zhongzan , Zheng Yuan , Yang Chunxia
Published: February 2025

Cavitation is a complex multiphase flow phenomenon, and the generation of transient phase transitions between liquid and vapor during cavitation development leads to multi-scale vortex motion. The transient cavitation dynamics and centrifugal pump’s rotor–stator interaction will induce pressure fluctuations in the impeller and the volute fluid of the centrifugal pump, resulting in a complex flow field structure. Based on the Schnerr–Sauer cavitation model and SST k-ω turbulence model, this paper studies the transient characteristics of the cavitation-induced unsteady flow in the centrifugal pump and the excitation response to the pressure pulsation in the volute under different flow conditions, taking the large vertical double-volute centrifugal pump as the research object. The results indicate the following: As the impeller rotates, in the external excitation response, the jet-wake flow structure at the centrifugal pump blade outlet shows an increase in the blade frequency signal. This is evident near the measurement points of the volute tongue and separator. When severe cavitation occurs, the maximum amplitude at the blade frequency in the volute shifts from the pump tongue (30°) to the downstream of the tongue (45°). The value of fpmax is 3.1 times that when NPSHa = 8.88 m. By applying the Omega vortex identification method, it can be seen that the interaction between the vortices at the blade trailing edge and the stable vortex in the volute tongue undergoes a process of elongation, fusion, separation, and recovery. This represents the downstream influence of the impeller on the volute. When Q = 0.9Qd, the process of the blade passage vortex tail detaching and dissipating in the impeller flow path can be observed, demonstrating the upstream influence of the volute on the impeller.
Assessment of Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients Presenting with Dyspepsia: A Cross-sectional Observational Study
Authors: Bhutra Nidhi , Kant Ravi
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) virtually affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in protean ways, including but not limited to small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, GI reflux disease, gastroparesis, neuropathy, pancreatopathy, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The primary aim of the present study was to assess exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dyspeptic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Objectives: The secondary objectives were to assess the correlation between the severity of EPI and the severity of dyspepsia and to evaluate the correlation between glycaemic control and the extent of EPI. Methods: T2DM patients presenting with dyspepsia to the General Medicine and Gastroenterology Department of AIIMS Rishikesh, India, were screened for the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the enrolled participants were subjected to glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), the Short Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire, and pancreatic faecal elastase (PFE) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: In 41 subjects, 36.6% (15) had EPI. Among the participants, 22.0% and 14.6% had mild-to-moderate and severe EPI, respectively. There was a significant correlation between glycaemic control (HbA1c%) and faecal elastase concentration (r=-0.51, P<0.001). No statistically significant correlation was found between the severity of dyspepsia (SF-LDQ) and pancreatic fecal elastase (µg; r=-0.01, P=0.957). Conclusion: Overall, a large number of T2DM patients with dyspepsia had EPI, and a significant correlation was observed between glycaemic control and EPI. Further studies are needed to determine if pancreatic enzyme supplementation can alleviate dyspeptic symptoms.
Disparities in diabetes and sedentary behavior across Florida counties
Authors: Fullwood Dottington , Gunderson Justine , Bolajoko Opeyemi O. , Hale Randy , Odedina Folakemi T.
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimed to analyze the geographic distribution of diabetes and sedentary behavior across Florida counites, identifying high-risk areas to inform targeted public health interventions. We seek to inform targeted public health interventions and address health disparities, particularly in rural areas. Methods: Data from the 2017-2019 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were analyzed, among adults aged 18 years and older. Diabetes status was determined by self-reported diagnosis, and sedentary behavior was assessed based on physical activity participation. Respondents who declined to answer or were unsure were excluded. Results: The statewide prevalence of diabetes diagnosis in Florida was 11.7% (95% CI: 10.8-12.6), with substantial geographic variation across counties. Sedentary prevalence varied significantly across the state, compared to the statewide rate of 26.5% (95% CI: 25-28). Counties with high diabetes prevalence often had elevated rates of sedentary behavior. Rural northern panhandle counties had higher concentrations of both diabetes and sedentary behavior. BRFSS design variables and weights ensured representative estimates for Florida. Conclusion: This study highlights the elevated prevalence of diabetes and sedentary lifestyles in the northern counties of Florida. The geographic patterns underscore the need for targeted, county-level interventions. Despite troubling rise in diabetes and sedentary behavior, there is a significant opportunity to mobilized community and outreach services, ensuring they are effectively deployed to these high-risk areas.
Polyethylene glycol versus lactulose in the treatment of chronic functional constipation in children: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Talakesh Hassan , Salehifard Jouneghani Alizamen , Kasiri Karamali , Kochekian Farnoush , Malekpour Tehrani Afsaneh
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Constipation in children is a serious problem that affects both children and their families. We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of lactulose and polyethylene glycol in the treatment of constipation in children. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 92 patients referred to a private gastroenterology clinic in Shahrekord, Iran. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups receiving polyethylene glycol or lactulose. Defecation patterns and complications were assessed 0, 3, 7, and 21 days after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, repeated measures test, Mann–Whitney U test in SPSS version 16.0. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No difference was found between the two interventional groups in terms of the frequency of painful defecation (P=0.31), fecal incontinence (P=0.50), hard stools (P=0.69), fear of defecation (P=0.09), poor appetite (P=0.29), straining at stool (P=0.50), and abdominal pain (P=0.07) within a follow-up period of 21 days. There were significant differences in the frequency of defecation on days 7 and 21 (P=0.02). The mean frequencies of abdominal cramps were significantly higher in those who received lactulose (P=0.001). The rate of nausea and vomiting was 10.6% in the lactulose group and 4.3% in the polyethylene glycol group, indicating no difference between the two groups (P=0.221). Conclusion: The administration of polyethylene glycol and lactulose had no significant difference in reducing the symptoms of chronic functional constipation in children. However, it seems that polyphenol glycol played a role in increasing the frequency of defecation.
Comparison of spleen characterization and plasma levels of interleukin 6 and 10 in obese and healthy individuals
Authors: Tanzifi Mahdis , Yousofpour Mohammad , Hosseini Amirsaeed , Yazdani Chrati Jamshid , Amirian Tahereh
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Spleen is one of the organs that has great importance in Iranian traditional medicine due to its relationship with obesity. Therefore, in this study, we aim to investigate spleen characterization and plasma levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-10 in patients referred to medical centers affiliated with Golestan University of Medical Sciences during 2021-2022. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 24 subjects with obesity and 24 subjects with normal body mass index (BMI). The length, thickness, and width of the spleen were determined for each subject. Spleen volume was calculated for each subject using the standard prolate ellipsoid formula (length x thickness x width x 0.523). Fasting blood samples were taken from the subjects to check IL- 6 and 10 using the ELISA assay. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Our results showed that the two groups had a statistically significant difference in length, width, thickness, and volume of the spleen (P<0.001, P<0.017, P<0.002, and P<0.001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in the elasticity of the spleen (P=0.58). Plasma levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in subjects with obesity compared to the control group (P<0.001). However, the two groups had no significant difference in IL-10 levels (P=0.92). Conclusion: The increase in spleen dimensions and high plasma levels of IL-6 may reflect the development of obesity.
Phytochemical contents, in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and anticancer activities of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) seed extract against MCF-7 and HMVII cancer cells
Authors: Ukwubile Cletus Anes , Makinde Aishat Omolabake
Published: February 2025

Background and aims: Avocados are unique in Nigeria for their taste and medicinal uses. This study was performed to determine the phytochemicals and evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of avocado seed extracts (ASEs). Methods: The phytochemicals were analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) apparatus. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and in vitro antioxidant activity were evaluated using standard methods. In contrast, in vivo, antioxidants were used in a group of thirty healthy Wistar rats randomly grouped into five groups of six, with cytotoxicity activity by benchtop and MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assays and apoptosis by assessing caspase-3-like activity. Results: The GC-MS revealed polyphenols and fatty acids. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were 1178.67 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram (GAE/g) and 86.24 mg rutin equivalent per gram (RE/g), respectively. High radical scavenging toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) reducing power with IC50 values of 25.25±1.01 µg/mL, 38.22±2.01 µg/mL, and 43.99 mM Fe (II) equivalent, respectively, in vitro antioxidation as well as dose-dependent in vivo antioxidant activities with reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), total superoxide dismutase (TSOD), and catalase (CAT) and increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) contents in vital organs were obtained. Cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 and HMVII cells were detected, with IC50 values of 16.51±0.02 µg/mL and 31.71±2.03 µg/mL, respectively, which was statistically significant (P=0.001) when compared to doxorubicin standard drug and a higher selective index on breast cancer (BC). Conclusion: The findings revealed that avocado seed possessed antioxidant and anticancer activities on human MCF-7 and HMVII cancer cell lines.
Unleashing Potential in SMEs: How Intellectual Capital Fuels Employee Flexibility to Reach Strategic Goals
Authors: Giampaoli Daniele , Sgrò Francesca , Ciambotti Massimo , Wright Patrick
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the impact of intellectual capital on employee flexibility in SMEs, specifically focusing on how human, relational and structural components of intellectual capital contribute to skill and behavioural flexibility. The research addresses the gap in understanding how intellectual capital influences employee adaptability, essential for achieving strategic goals, especially in SMEs with limited resources. We have tried to address these research questions: Does intellectual capital improve skill and behavioural flexibility?; and how does employee flexibility impact the achievement of strategic goals? We have employed an empirical, quantitative research approach. Data has been collected through a structured survey from a sample of 233 Italian SMEs, and the relationships between variables has analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Our findings reveal that human capital significantly enhances both skill and behavioural flexibility, while relational capital positively influences these aspects to a lesser extent. Interestingly, structural capital shows no significant direct impact on skill and behavioural flexibility. Both skill and behavioural flexibility demonstrate a significant positive impact on planning effectiveness. Contrary to previous studies, our results indicate that in SMEs, a high level of formalisation favours the achievement of strategic goals without hindering employee flexibility. This research advances the understanding of intellectual capital's role in SMEs by empirically demonstrating its impact on employee flexibility and subsequent performance. For scholars, this study extends the theoretical framework linking intellectual capital, employee flexibility and a firm’s ability to reach strategic goals in SME contexts. It challenges existing assumptions about the relationship between formalisation and flexibility in smaller organisations, opening new avenues for future research. Furthermore, our findings contribute to the ongoing discussion about the unique characteristics of SMEs and how they can effectively manage their resources to remain competitive. For practitioners, particularly SME managers, the study emphasises the critical importance of fostering human and relational capital to achieve greater employee flexibility. By doing so, SMEs can enhance their ability to reach strategic goals.
Антикризисное управление и дальнейшее его совершенствование
Authors: Стеблянский Л.Н.
Published: February 2025

Актуальность рассматриваемого вопроса злободневна особенно в настоящее время, когда промышленное производство и катастрофические природные явления создают человеку комплексную угрозу этими компонентами. В статье рассмотрено развитие антикризисного управления и предложен вариант развития ее элементов через дальнейшее совершенствование органов управления РСЧС и развитие системы оперативного принятия решения посредством развития интеллектуальных систем (базы данных), в том числе с использование ортофотопланов

The relevance of the issue under consideration is topical especially at the present time, when industrial production and catastrophic natural phenomena pose a complex threat to humans with these components. The article considers the development of anti-crisis management and suggests a variant for the development of its elements through further improvement of the management bodies of the Emergency management system and the development of an operational decision-making system through the development of intelligent systems (databases), including the use of orthophotoplanes
Educational Walks and Excursions as an Element of Children's Everyday Life in Orenburg at the Turn of the 19th – 20th Centuries
Authors:   Orenburg State Pedagogical University, Orenburg, Russian Federation, Burlutskaya E.V.
Published: February 2025

Based on a wide range of published sources, the article examines the practices of organizing student walks and excursions in educational institutions of Orenburg at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries and the role of these types of extracurricular activities in children's urban daily life. The author draws attention to the routes offered to children, programs of excursions, and opinions of children and parents about this pastime. The differences between trips for boys and for girls are analyzed. The author concludes that such events were very important for the educational impact on the child’s personality, for preparing the child for future adult life. It is emphasized that such trips were especially important for urban children, since for them it was an opportunity to learn about objects of nature and new activities.
İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinde Küresel İklim Değişikliği Farkındalık Düzeyinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Gündoğdu Sena Nur , Sülü Merve , Boz Gülseda , Baran Ayşe , Özer Ali
Published: February 2025

İklim değişikliği 21. Yüzyılda küresel sağlığı etkileyen önemli bir tehdit olarak görülmektedir. Bu nedenle iklim değişikliği konusunda farkındalık düzeyinin saptanması yapılacak müdahaleler açısından etkili olacaktır. Bu çalışmada İnönü Üniversitesi tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin küresel iklim değişikliği farkındalık düzeyleri ve etkileyen değişkenler incelenmiştir. Şubat-Mart 2024 tarihleri arasında yapılan bu araştırma kesitsel tiptedir. Çalışmanın yapılabilmesi için gerekli izin ve etik kurul onayı alınmıştır. Örneklem büyüklüğü 280 kişi olarak hesaplanmış, sınıfa göre tabakalandırma yapılarak 283 öğrenciye gözlem altında anket uygulanmıştır. Anket formunda sosyodemografik özellikleri içeren sorular, küresel iklim değişikliği farkındalığı ile ilişkili sorular ve Küresel İklim Değişikliği Farkındalık Ölçeği yer almaktadır. İstatistiksel analizlerde Mann Whitney U Testi ve Kruskal Wallis Varyans Analizi kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin %50,2’si kadın, %36,0’ı 23 yaş ve üzerindedir. %20,1’i birinci sınıf öğrencisidir. Öğrencilerin %61,8’inin Küresel İklim Değişikliği konusundaki farkındalıkları orta düzeyde tespit edilmiştir. Küresel İklim Değişikliği Farkındalık Ölçeğinden alınan puanlara göre kadınların iklim değişikliği konusundaki farkındalığı erkeklerden anlamlı olarak yüksek saptanmıştır (p=0,021). İklim değişikliği konusunda endişesi olanların ve bilgi sahibi olan öğrencilerin farkındalığının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür (p
The Impacts of Sociodemographic Characteristics and Personality Traits on Adherence with the Preventive Measures of the Pandemic
Authors: Sarısaltık Alican , Save Dilşad , Uçmaklıoğlu Banu , Yardımci Galip , Janakieski Gojko , Tatar Yağmur
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the level of compliance with preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and sociodemographic characteristics and personality traits in Türkiye. The data of this cross-sectional study was collected in February – March 2022, during the fourth wave of the pandemic in Türkiye. A total of 1228 individuals participated in the study via online questionnaire. The COVID-19 Prevention Guidelines Compliance Scale (C-PGC) was used to evaluate adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures, while the Ten-Item Personality Inventory was used to assess personality traits. Of the participants, 57.7% were women, and the median age was 50 years. The majority were university graduates (55.6%), married (61.5%), and resided in an urban center (82.4%). The multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures was higher among females (β=2.535, p
Evaluation of Musculoskeletal System in Caregivers of Rehabilitation Patients: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Arıkan Halime , Sertel Meral , Gökdere Zuhal Şevval
Published: February 2025

Musculoskeletal health is an important component of physical health. It was aimed to assess the musculoskeletal system involvement, fatigue, and quality of life among caregivers of various patient groups in this study. The study comprised 55 caregivers, consisting of 37 female and 18 male, with an average age of 41.24±12.25 years. The individuals’ musculoskeletal, neck, and low back pains, musculoskeletal discomfort, posture, spinal functionality, low back disability, neck disability, fatigue, and quality of life were assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale, Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, New York Posture Rating Scale, Spine Functional Index, Oswestry Disability Index, Bournemouth Questionnaire, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Short Form-36 questionnaires, respectively. All parameters evaluated were similar among caregivers of orthopedic, pediatric, and neurological patients (p>0.05). Significant correlations were observed among the parameters of musculoskeletal pain, neck pain, low back pain, musculoskeletal discomfort, posture, spinal functionality, neck and low back disability and fatigue severity in individuals (from -0.267 to 0.754). Additionally, significant correlations were found between the subscales of SF-36 and these parameters, ranging from -0.273 to 0.754. The musculoskeletal system is affected in all caregivers, and caregivers across different patient groups exhibit similar effects.
On solutions of some Diophantine equations
Authors: Keskin Refik , Ged Kübra , Erduvan Fatih
Published: February 2025

Let k and p be prime numbers with p>2. In this note, we find all positive integer solutions to the Diophantine equations

x^2-kxy-y^2=±k,
x^2-(k^2+4) y^2=±4k,
x^2-2pxy-y^2=±2p,
x^2-kxy-y^2=±k(k^2+4)

in terms of generalized Fibonacci and Lucas numbers.