bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow Statistics and Visualization of Multi-Row Film Cooling Boundary Layers Emanating From Cylindrical and Diffuser Shaped Holes
Authors: Fernandes Craig P. , Hodges Justin , Fernandez Erik , Kapat Jayanta S.
Published: August 2018

The research presented in this paper strives to exploit the benefits of near-wall measurement capabilities using hotwire anemometry and flowfield measurement capabilities using particle image velocimetry (PIV) for analysis of the injection of a staggered array of film cooling jets into a turbulent cross-flow. It also serves to give insight into the turbulence generation, jet structure, and flow physics pertaining to film cooling for various flow conditions. Such information and analysis will be applied to both cylindrical and diffuser shaped holes, to further understand the impacts manifesting from hole geometry. Spatially-resolved PIV measurements were taken at the array centerline of the holes and detailed temporally resolved hotwire velocity and turbulence measurements were taken at the trailing edge of each row of jets in the array centerline corresponding to the PIV measurement plane. Flowfields of jets emanating from eight staggered rows, of both cylindrical and diffuser shaped holes inclined at 20 degrees to the main-flow, are studied over blowing ratios in the range of 0.3–1.5. To allow for deeper interpretation, companion local adiabatic film cooling effectiveness results will also be presented for the geometric test specimen from related in-house work.

Results show “rising” shear layers for lower blowing ratios, inferring boundary layer growth for low blowing ratio cases. Detachment of film cooling jets is seen from a concavity shift in the u’rms line plots at the trailing edge of film cooling holes. Former rows of jets are observed to disrupt the approaching boundary layer and enhance the spreading and propagation of subsequent downstream jets. Behavior of the film boundary layer in the near-field region directly following the first row of injection, as compared to the near-field behavior after the final row of injection (recovery region), is also measured and discussed. The impact of the hole geometry on the resulting film boundary layer, as in this case of cylindrical verses diffuser shaped holes, is ascertained in the form of mean axial velocity, turbulence level (u’rms), and length scales profiles.
Redistribution of Total Temperature Through an Annular Turbine Nozzle Cascade
Authors: Szczudlak Joshua , Rostami Sara , Mirhashemi Arman , Morris Scott , Sluyter Greg , Gallier Kirk , Laskowski Greg , Slepski Jon
Published: August 2018

Flow exiting the combustor is highly turbulent and contains significant spatial gradients of pressure and temperature. The high pressure turbine nozzle vanes operating in this environment redistribute these spatial gradients and impact the inflow characteristics of the turbine rotor blades. The present study investigates the redistribution of total temperature through a turbine nozzle vane. Numerical investigation was performed using three-dimensional RANS analysis. Simulations were conducted using the Wilcox k–ω turbulence model and Shear Stress Transport (SST) with and without γ–Reθ transition model. Experimental measurements were obtained in an annular nozzle cascade facility. Two sets of inlet conditions were considered. The first was a nominally uniform total temperature. The second had a span-wise variation of total temperature. Both sets of inlet conditions had nominally the same inlet total pressure and inlet Mach number. Span-wise redistribution was evaluated using the circum-ferentially averaged total temperature profile at a plane downstream of the nozzle. Physical arguments about the influence of nozzle secondary flows on this redistribution are presented.
Acoustophoretic printing
Authors: Foresti Daniele , Kroll Katharina T. , Amissah Robert , Sillani Francesco , Homan Kimberly A. , Poulikakos Dimos , Lewis Jennifer A.
Published: August 2018

Acoustophoretic printing enables patterning of complex fluids ranging from cell-laden hydrogels to liquid metals.
Exports of non‐stun meat: clarity and continued campaigning
Authors: Fishwick John
Published: August 2018

BVA has been calling for a ban on non‐stun slaughter in the UK for some time and the millions of animals whose welfare is still compromised by this practice each year remains a major concern.
Hardware Translation Coherence for Virtualized Systems
Authors: Yan Zi , Veselý Ján , Cox Guilherme , Bhattacharjee Abhishek
Published: August 2018

To improve system performance, operating systems (OSes) often undertake activities that require modification of virtual-to-physical address translations. For example, the OS may migrate data between physical pages to manage heterogeneous memory devices. We refer to such activities as page remappings. Unfortunately, page remappings are expensive. We show that a big part of this cost arises from address translation coherence, particularly on systems employing virtualization. In response, we propose hardware translation invalidation and coherence or HATRIC, a readily implementable hardware mechanism to piggyback translation coherence atop existing cache coherence protocols. We perform detailed studies using KVM-based virtualization, showing that HATRIC achieves up to 30% performance and 10% energy benefits, for per-CPU area overheads of 0.2%. We also quantify HATRIC's benefits on systems running Xen and find up to 33% performance improvements.
Software Defined Infrastructure: Rethinking Cybersecurity with a More Capable Toolset
Authors: Ott David E.
Published: August 2018

In Software Defined Infrastructure (SDI), virtualization techniques are used to decouple applications and higher-level services from their underlying physical compute, storage, and network resources. The approach offers a set of powerful new capabilities (isolation, encapsulation, portability, interposition), including the formation of a software-based, infrastructure-wide control plane for orchestrated management. In this position paper, we identify opportunities for revisiting ongoing cybersecurity challenges using SDI as a powerful new toolset. Benefits of this approach can be broadly utilized in public, private, and hybrid clouds, data centers, enterprise computing, IoT deployments, and more. The discussion motivates the research challenge underlying VMware's partnership with the National Science Foundation to fund novel and foundational research in this area. Known as the NSF/VMware Partnership on Software Defined Infrastructure as a Foundation for Clean-Slate Computing Security (SDI-CSCS), the jointly funded university research program is set to begin in the fall of 2017.
Improving Cyber-Security via Profitable Insurance Markets
Authors: Pal Ranjan , Golubchik Leana , Psounis Konstantinos , Hui Pan
Published: August 2018

Recent work in security has illustrated that solutions aimed at detection and elimination of security threats alone are unlikely to result in a robust cyberspace. As an orthogonal approach to mitigating security problems, some researchers have pursued the use of cyber-insurance as a suitable risk management technique. In this regard, a recent work by the authors in [1] have proposed efficient monopoly cyberinsurance markets that maximize social welfare of users in a communication network via premium discriminating them. However, the work has a major drawback in the insurer not being able to make strictly positive profit in expectation, which in turn might lead to unsuccessful insurance markets. In this paper, we provide a method (based on the model in [1]) to overcome this drawback for the risk-averse premium discriminating monopoly cyber-insurer, and prove it in theory. More specifically, we propose a non-regulatory mechanism to allow monopoly cyber-insurers to make strictly positive profit in expectation. To investigate the general effectiveness of our mechanism beyond a monopoly setting with full coverage, we conduct numerical experiments (comparing social welfare at market equilibrium) on (a) practical Internet-scale network topologies that are formed by users who are free to decide for themselves whether they want to purchase insurance or not, (b) settings of perfect and imperfect market competition, and (c) scenarios with partial insurance coverage.
Endocrown: An Alternative Approach for Restoring Endodontically Treated Molars with Large Coronal Destruction
Authors: Dogui Houda , Abdelmalek Feriel , Amor Adel , Douki Nabiha
Published: August 2018

Rehabilitation of endodontically treated molar still remains a challenge. After endodontic treatment, molars lost their mechanical characteristics. In fact, they became fragile and that is in relation with the removal of pulp and surrounding dentin tissues. Endocrown which is a single partial restoration could be considered as a good alternative for restoring molars having large coronal destruction and presenting endodontic treatment difficulties. Through this work, we discuss the indication and use of endocrown to replace single crowns with intraradicular retention and to present a clinical case report of an endocrown-type restoration, fabricated from lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.Max CAD) in a mandibular first molar with extensive coronal destruction.
Modulation of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Male Rat Reproductive Dysfunction with Micro-NanoencapsulatedEchinacea purpureaEthanol Extract
Authors: Mao Chien-Feng , Zhang Xiu-Ru , Johnson Athira , He Jia-Ling , Kong Zwe-Ling
Published: August 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem that affects a patient’s life quality throughout the world due to its worst complications. It was recognized that chronic hyperglycemia with oxidative stress was the major cause of male infertility.Echinacea purpureaethanol extract (EE) contains phenolic acid and isobutylamides had been proven to ameliorate diabetic complications. Chitosan/silica nanoparticles are well-known in the medicinal field because of its controlled release and drug delivery properties. This study was aimed at investigating whether the EE encapsulated chitosan/silica nanoparticle (nano-EE) can enhance the amelioration of male infertility. Our results indicated that the average size of nano-EE was 218 ± 42 nm with an encapsulation efficiency of 66.9% and loading capacity of 39.9%. The reduction in oxidative stress and antioxidant activity of nano-EE was observed in LC-540 cells. Inin vivoexperiment, 33 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diabetic rats were treated with nano (465 mg/kg), nano-EE 1 (93mg/kg), nano-EE3 (279mg/kg), nano-EE5 (465 mg/kg), and metformin (Met) (200 mg/kg) for 7 weeks. The results show that the nano-EE5 can improve hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and plasma fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF 21) resistance. It was also confirmed that nano-EE5 significantly improved the testis tissue structure, increasing sperm quality and DNA integrity as well as reducing reactive oxygen species level.
Pediatric Pancreatic Tuberculosis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Tao Yuhong
Published: August 2018

Pancreatic tuberculosis (TB) is an uncommon form of extrapulmonary TB and represents a diagnostic challenge for physicians. Pancreatic TB presents with nonspecific signs and symptoms and may mimic malignancy. However, pancreatic TB rarely occurs in children. Here, we present a case of a 5-year-old girl with pancreatic TB and markedly elevated serum cancer antigen- (CA-) 125 levels, thus raising the suspicion of malignancy, but positivity forMycobacterium tuberculosisDNA was noted. The patient recovered after being administered standard antitubercular therapy for one year. This case suggests that clinicians should have a heightened suspicion of pancreatic TB when faced with pancreatic lesions despite the fact that increased CA-125 may indicate malignancy. Laparoscopy combined with peritoneal biopsy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may provide a new method to confirm the diagnosis.
Ubiquitin-Mimicking Peptides Transfer Differentiates by E1 and E2 Enzymes
Authors: Jin Bo , Wang Jiayue , Liu Xiangnan , Fang Shuai , Jiang Bo , Hofmann Kay , Yin Jun , Zhao Bo
Published: August 2018

Ubiquitin and ubiquitin like proteins (UBLs) play key roles in eukaryotes. These proteins are attached to their target proteins through an E1-E2-E3 cascade and modify the functions of these proteins. Since the discovery of ubiquitin, several UBLs have been identified, including Nedd8, SUMO, ISG15, and Atg8. Ubiquitin and UBLs share a similar three-dimensional structure: β-grasp fold and an X-X-[R/A/E/K]-X-X-[G/X]-G motif at the C-terminus. We have previously reported that ubiquitin, Nedd8, and SUMO mimicking peptides which all contain the conserved motif X-X-[R/A/E/K]-X-X-[G/X]-G still retained their reactivity toward their corresponding E1, E2, and E3 enzymes. In our current study, we investigated whether such C-terminal peptides could still be transferred onto related pathway enzymes to probe the function of these enzymes when they are fused with a protein. By bioinformatic search of protein databases, we selected eight proteins carrying the X-X-[R/A/E/K]-X-X-[G/X]-G motif at the C-terminus of the β-grasp fold. We synthesized the C-terminal sequences of these candidates as short peptides and found that three of them showed significant reactivity with the ubiquitin E1 enzyme Ube1. We next fused the three reactive short peptides to three different protein frames, including their respective native protein frames, a ubiquitin frame and a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) frame, and measured the reactivities of these peptide-fused proteins with Ube1. Peptide-fused proteins on ubiquitin and PCP frames showed obvious reactivity with Ube1. However, when we measured E2 UbcH7 transfer, we found that the PCP-peptide fusions lost their reactivity with UbcH7. Taken together, these results suggested that the recognition of E2 enzymes with peptide-fused proteins depended not only on the C-terminal sequences of the ubiquitin-mimicking peptides, but also on the overall structures of the protein frames.
Os significados e as relações dos idosos com as drogas
Authors: Lima Deivson Wendell da Costa , Ferreira Laryssa Dayanna Costa , Ferreira Lucas Alves , Azevedo Lívia Dayane Sousa , Luis Margarita Antonia Villar , Macedo Jaqueline Queiroz de
Published: August 2018

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender os significados que idosos atribuem ao uso de drogas. Pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com idosos acompanhados por um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e outras Drogas. Os dados foram produzidos através de entrevista semiestruturada e analisados conforme análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A droga surge como necessidade para a construção de vínculos ou para ocupar o vazio proporcionado pelas perdas afetivas. O uso dessas drogas desencadeia desgastes físicos e gera sofrimento psíquico, que determinam a busca por tratamento medicamentoso, religioso e psicossocial. Faz-se necessário um avanço na compreensão do uso de drogas para além da condição de dependência química dos idosos, considerando os significados desse uso e as vivências singulares dessas pessoas.
A Utopia de Thomas More: o debate político e a imersão no seu tempo
Authors: Santos Adriano Saturnino dos
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho tem por objetivo último, partindo das implicações humanistas na obra de Thomas Morus, A Utopia, discutir alguns pressupostos políticos e sociais comumente associados ao Humanismo Cívico Florentino, além de comentar as relações entre o movimento italiano e sua apropriação na Inglaterra, configurando uma vertente do chamado Humanismo do Norte. Este estudo procura também verificar como a obra em questão, a despeito de certos artifícios empregados por seu autor, não escapa de uma profunda imbricação com a época de sua produção.
Comparação entre a função do direito nas obras Teoria Geral do Direito e o Marxismo, de Eugeny Pasukanis, e em The Rule of Law, de Franz Neumann.
Authors: Prol Flavio Marques
Published: August 2018

Por meio da análise das principais obras de Pasukanis e Neumann, o objetivo deste ensaio é demonstrar como a visão sobre a função do direito nos dois pensadores, ao contrário do que defendem grande parte de seus leitores, é complementar e não inconciliável.
Agressividade no espelho de Lacan ou sobre a agressividade como resultado da formação do Eu
Authors: Garcia Luiz Fernando Botto
Published: August 2018

É n’O estádio do espelho como formador da função do eu que Jacques Lacan dirige esforços de modo a elucidar o fenômeno psíquico do narcisismo. Nele, o autor mostra como a formação da noção de eu na criança acontece a partir de uma relação alienante de identificação com o outro, processo que tem na agressividade um dos seus resultados mais importantes. O presente artigo visa transcorrer os principais temas do Estádio do Espelho, de modo a caracterizar a agressividade como seu fator consequente.
A História Filosófica de Voltaire: Sentido e Contexto Intelectual
Authors: Issa Pedro Henrique
Published: August 2018

Os séculos XVI e XVII haviam mergulhado a História em um mar de incertezas, de mitos e fábulas. A História caía em descrédito intelectual generalizado, sendo relegada ao estatuto de “curiosidade”, o mais distante possível da produção de conhecimento. Duas grandes correntes foram responsáveis por essa situação: de um lado a crise pyrrhonienne, o ceticismo da era moderna; de outro, as investidas da nova ciência e da filosofia mecânica. Entretanto, no século XVIII, advém a “História Filosófica” proposta por Voltaire em primeira mão, uma tentativa bem-sucedida de resgatar o valor da História no período. Este artigo insere a obra de Voltaire nesse contexto intelectual, não apenas estudando as propostas de sua “História Filosófica”, mas também seu significado histórico.
A Filosofia no Ensino Médio: Por que, o que e como ensina-la?
Authors: Silva Thiago Cruz da
Published: August 2018

Com a promulgação da Lei 11.684, a Filosofia volta a ser uma disciplina obrigatória nas escolas brasileiras. Frente a esse cenário, profissionais envolvidos com o ensino, especialmente professores de Filosofia, são novamente convocados a pensar questões fundamentais sobre a disciplina: é preciso saber por que, afinal de contas, deve-se ensiná-la para os jovens do ensino médio, e quais conteúdos e metodologias devem ser empregados para atingir esses objetivos. Não há dúvida de que diante de uma infinidade de possibilidades, tanto em relação à escolha de métodos como à de conteúdos e fins, esses professores deparam-se com os problemas centrais que há pouco enunciamos. É precisamente nesse registro que se insere a presente investigação: trata-se de uma série de reflexões acerca do espaço da Filosofia nas escolas.
A Intensificação do Processo de Conferências Nacionais no Brasil: Apontamentos para uma Agenda de Pesquisa em Direito
Authors: Cruz Francisco Brito , Ramos Luiz Felipe Rosa
Published: August 2018

O presente trabalho visa a apontar trilhas para uma agenda de pesquisa em direito a respeito do fenômeno das conferências nacionais na democracia brasileira. Com esse objetivo será desenvolvida breve retomada histórica sobre a participação social a partir da última Constituinte, seguida da análise institucional de uma conferência e da avaliação dos limites inscritos na dogmática constitucional no que concerne a uma investigação sobre o tema.
A Crítica de Nietzsche à Verdade: Em “Busca” de Conhecimento Enquanto Criação
Authors: Sabatini Marco
Published: August 2018

Partindo da crítica de Nietzsche à filosofia de Platão, este trabalho objetiva demonstrar que na filosofia nietzschiana existe uma perspectiva sobre o conhecimento que se confronta com o método de conhecimento platônico e que esta perspectiva de Nietzsche permite falarmos do conhecimento enquanto criação humana não dogmática. Primeiro, a análise se concentra nos argumentos sobre a verdade e a metafísica da filosofia platônica para focar a crítica nietzschiana de que a busca pela verdade a fim do conhecimento na filosofia de Platão leva a um aprisionamento físico-teórico humano. Como consequência, revela-se outro tipo de conhecimento adequado apenas aos espíritos livres, como diz Nietzsche. Mostrando-se dessemelhante à filosófica platônica, este conhecimento surge enquanto criação da vida – de seus próprios valores.
A Relação entre Texto e Contexto Literário em Filhos da Pátria de João Melo
Authors: Totoli Aline
Published: August 2018

O presente estudo trata da literatura de Angola, a partir da comparação entre as obras Filhos da Pátria, de João Melo, e Luuanda, de José Luandino Vieira, tanto no tocante à parte formal, como à parte de construção da identidade nacional angolana.
Literatura e política no Brasil (1870-1890): a atualidade do pensamento de Aluísio Azevedo
Authors: Nobre Laysi Praxedes
Published: August 2018

Contextualizando as duas principais obras de Aluísio Azevedo – O mulato e O cortiço – no efervescente período político e intelectual de 1870 a 1890, a presente pesquisa busca apreender como o contexto social definiu um sentido à produção literária desse autor e, sobretudo, qual sentido determinou. Portanto, é pressuposto da análise o posicionamento político de Azevedo bem como sua experiência social, analisados através das charges e crônicas do autor.
A emancipação da mulher na imprensa feminista nos primeiros anos da República no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Marta de Souza , Silva Artur Alves da
Published: August 2018

A luta das mulheres para obtenção de direitos humanos, sociais e civis, realizada a partir de múltiplas estratégias em diferentes momentos históricos, ampliou a participação feminina na sociedade brasileira e permanece reivindicando a concretização de direitos garantidos pelo texto constitucional. Durante o século XIX, uma parte dos jornais e periódicos se destinava aos interesses femininos e, dentre eles, a imprensa feminista exerceu o importante papel de fomentar discussões que questionavam a posição da mulher na sociedade em defesa da emancipação feminina – ora entendida como a ampliação da participação das mulheres na esfera pública, ora como a igualdade de direitos entre mulheres e homens. Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar o conceito de emancipação feminina nos primeiros anos da República presente nos jornais A Família e O Quinze de Novembro do Sexo Feminino, importantes representantes das perspectivas acerca do papel das mulheres na sociedade brasileira.
Ciganos: breve definição e análise dos movimentos sociais e políticas públicas no Brasil até 2014
Authors: Lima Télia Resende de Sousa
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar concisamente os aspectos dos movimentos sociais e a formulação de políticas públicas direcionadas a povos ciganos no Brasil até janeiro de 2014, principalmente ao grupo Calon, ao qual pertence parte expressiva dos ciganos nômades brasileiros, submetidos à discriminação e à exclusão social. Considerando a carência de dados e pesquisas antropológicas específicas sobre ciganos no Brasil, o trabalho inclui como introdução breve histórico e definição da etnia cigana, além de caracterizar e teorizar a respeito da acentuada discriminação e preconceito a que esses povos são comumente expostos. Este estudo foi sustentado através de pesquisa a dados literários e eletrônicos, audiência a palestra e entrevistas.
Notas sobre “O ovo e a galinha”
Authors: Gonçalves Mateus Toledo
Published: August 2018

As notas que compõem esse texto são tentativas de se aproximar da linguagem de “O ovo e a galinha” por meio da análise de alguns de seus traços formais. A opção por escrevê-lo na forma de notas responde ao que nos parece ser uma resistência do próprio conto a uma exposição articulada, que suporia um controle que justamente ele trata de proibir.
A influência da frenologia no Instituto Histórico de Paris: raça e história durante a Monarquia de Julho (1830-1848)
Authors: Macedo Cristian Cláudio Quinteiro
Published: August 2018

A historiografia aponta a segunda metade do século XIX como período definidor do racismo científico. Todavia, os primeiros cinquenta anos dos mil e oitocentos produzem diversas disciplinas responsáveis pela gestação do ideário racial que eclodiria mais tarde. A frenologia é uma delas. O presente artigo aponta alguns elementos que demarcam a influência desta “ciência” durante o período conhecido como Monarquia de Julho em uma das principais instituições francesas que se ocupava com a história: o Instituto Histórico de Paris.
O arendtianismo relutante no pensamento de Jacques Rancière
Authors: Murata Daniel Peixoto
Published: August 2018

Jacques Rancière é – nas palavras de Slavoj Žižek – um dos poucos autores na esquerda contemporânea dotados de conceptualizações consistentes. O propósito do presente trabalho é apresentar o teor de seu pensamento em escritos recentes, notadamente Desentendimento (Disagreement) e Ódio à democracia (Hatred of democracy), para então analisá-lo criticamente à luz da filosofia e da conceitografia arendtianas. Minha hipótese é que, apesar de Rancière apresentar uma teoria corajosa de democracia radical, ele é passível de crítica em três frentes principais: (I) suas conceptualizações são arbitrárias; (II) sua teoria transforma a ideia de política em algo meramente instrumental; e (III) Rancière interpreta a ideia do político em Arendt de forma exageradamente elitista.
Os homens da Igreja, de Darwin e da ficção científica – Relações entre ciência e religião retratadas na literatura do século XIX britânico
Authors: Vívolo Vitor da Matta
Published: August 2018

O século XIX britânico, responsável pela construção da figura reclusa do pesquisador de laboratório e dos polêmicos embates entre criacionismo e darwinismo, possui como parte de sua gênese social a exegese da criação do mundo e da humanidade. O presente artigo, através de relatos de época e abordagem dialógica, realiza uma leitura comparada entre teólogos e cientistas vitorianos no campo de debate ideológico concernindo Deus e as leis da Natureza. Também perpassa o criacionismo e darwinismo como impacto científico e moral em obras literárias (mais especificamente em Frankenstein, de 1818, por Mary Shelley; e A ilha do dr. Moreau, de 1896, por H. G. Wells), buscando compreender como permanecem culturalmente construções bioéticas que datam cerca de duzentos anos atrás.
A construção do olhar de intérprete: o ensaísmo crítico de Gilda de Mello e Souza
Authors: Pires Bárbara Luísa
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar alguns aspectos da produção ensaística de Gilda de Mello e Souza (1919–2005). Tentaremos, neste artigo, traçar um esboço referenciado no contexto da trajetória intelectual da autora que, estruturada no ensaísmo crítico, estabeleceu um método de escrita livre e original no campo das artes, da estética e do pensamento social. Acreditamos que o programa e a metodologia presentes nos ensaios de Gilda propõem um programa crítico interdisciplinar que envolve uma análise estética e sociológica dos autores e artistas que a crítica toma como objeto. Para dar base a esse argumento, o artigo buscará, num segundo momento, compreender o olhar crítico com que Gilda analisa alguns aspectos dos processos sociais no Brasil e constrói um tipo particular de análise interpretativa da cultura e da sociedade brasileiras.
O conceito de ficção em Hayden White e sua validade para os debates em história e literatura
Authors: Pereira Henrique Carvalho
Published: August 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a conceptualização de ficção presente no trabalho do estudioso norte-americano Hayden White. Acredita-se que a discussão possa oferecer contribuições tanto no campo da história como no da teoria literária. O texto central utilizado foi “The fictions of factual representation” (WHITE, 1985), que se buscou aqui iluminar a partir das teorias desenvolvidas pelo formalismo russo. O texto começará analisando a conceituação oferecida por White, definirá ficção e, por fim, retornará a White para discutir se é ou não possível considerar a história como “ficção do fato”, e o que isso implica.
Um lugar na história: narrativas de exposições e o lugar do historiador
Authors: Alvarenga Jheniffer
Published: August 2018

Buscou-se, nesta discussão, a reunião de ideias sobre a concepção de museu e suas exposições a partir da análise de dois museus da região dos Campos Gerais (PR): o Parque Histórico de Carambeí e o Memorial da Imigração Holandesa, também conhecido como Moinho “De Immigrant”. Pondera-se a ideia de museu como um ambiente em construção, como uma instituição responsável pelo diálogo entre a narrativa histórica e o público visitante. Desse modo, procura-se refletir a respeito da construção da narrativa museal, de algumas possibilidades de discurso e da influência dos profissionais responsáveis por pesar e organizar as exposições.
Nietzsche: pensamento trágico em contraposição à metafísica
Authors: Coelho Marina
Published: August 2018

A proposta deste artigo é apresentar duas diferentes formulações do pensamento trágico de Nietzsche que se oporiam à concepção que o filósofo tinha da metafísica. O primeiro momento é o do livro O nascimento da tragédia (1872). Nessa obra, o autor expõe seu pensamento sobre a era trágica grega e opõe a essa visão a figura de Sócrates, como manifestação do espírito lógico e da tirania da razão. A outra formulação se verifica em Assim falou Zaratustra (1883–1885). Nesse livro, podemos ver contrapostos o niilismo proveniente da interpretação metafísica do mundo desde Sócrates e as possibilidades que o autor encontra para superá-lo. Analisando esses dois pensamentos, pretendemos encontrar o leitmotiv capaz de nos mostrar a filosofia afirmativa de Nietzsche em confronto com interpretações metafísicas do mundo.
Da Vendeia ao sertão: dois momentos da visão de Euclides da Cunha sobre Canudos
Authors: Barbosa Saulo Vinícius Souza
Published: August 2018

Este artigo estuda a concepção de Euclides da Cunha sobre a guerra de Canudos (1896–1897) antes e depois de sua ida ao palco desse conflito. Para isso, usa como fonte o artigo A nossa Vendeia (1897), publicado anteriormente a sua estada no sertão baiano, e o ensaio Os sertões (1902), que veio a lume cinco anos após o término do combate. O exame realizado evidencia tanto continuidades como diferenças. Quanto às permanências, observa-se a presença do mesmo aporte teórico e o uso de símiles históricos. Quanto às rupturas, o estudo constata a substituição da imagem negativa do sertanejo no primeiro texto por um perfil positivo no segundo. Sobre o exército, percebe-se que essa instituição, vista inicialmente como agente civilizador n’A nossa Vendeia, passou a ser apresentada como criminosa n’Os sertões.
Marital Fertility and the Family in Poland from the Late Nineteenth to the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Liczbińska Grażyna , Syska Ewa , Koziarska-Kasperczyk Renata , Kledzik Anna
Published: August 2018

Research in the obscure domicile files of Poznań’s Municipal Records reveals that in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Poznań, fertility was determined by the interaction of many socioeconomic factors. Mothers’ birth cohort and husbands’ socioeconomic status proved to be the strongest factors significantly influencing women’s age at matrimony, their age at first birth, and their number of children. Women born before 1890 married and started giving birth to the first child later than those born after 1890. The wives of workers and craftsmen started reproduction earlier and had more children than those of white-collar professionals. Religion did not influence women’s age at marriage and age at first birth, but it did influence their number of children.
Iliad 11: Healing, Healers, Nestor, and Medea
Authors: Louden Bruce
Published: August 2018

Iliad 11’s series of wounded Greek chiefs sends the doomed Patroklos to Nestor’s tent, where Heka-mede has just given Neleus’s son and the wounded healer Makhaon a restorative potion and shortly afterward will give Makhaon a bath. Nestor delivers a lengthy account, a Pylian epic, which briefly mentions Aga-mede, who knows all the pharmaka the earth grows. Together these details suggest two meanings for Nestor’s surprising longevity. Within the Iliad it serves as a vector to pre-Homeric epic but also alludes to Medea’s rejuvenation of Aison and to related episodes in her larger myth.
Deep Sea and Cave Sponges (Cover & Copyright page)
Authors: KLAUTAU MICHELLE , PÉREZ THIERRY , CÁRDENAS PACO , DE VOOGD NICOLE J.
Published: August 2018

N/A
Mycale (Oxymycale) klausjanusorum sp. nov. (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida) from Flores Sea deep water, Indonesia
Authors: SOEST ROB W.M. VAN
Published: August 2018

A new species of the large genus Mycale Gray, 1867 is described, dredged from approximately 300 m depth in the Flores Sea region between the islands of Salayar and Bahuluang, Central Indonesia, during cruises of the Indonesian-Dutch Snellius II Expedition in 1984. Because its megascleres include oxeas the new species is classified as a member of the subgenus Oxymycale Hentschel, 1929, proposed to be named M. (O.) klausjanusorum sp. nov. to honour renowned colleagues Klaus Rützler and Jean (‘Janus’) Vacelet. It is characterized by an ectosomal skeleton consisting of bouquets of subtylostyle megascleres protruding beyond an ectosomal tangential confused layer of oxeas, which in turn rests on robust choanosomal bundles of mixed oxea and subtylostyle megascleres. The combination of two categories of megascleres, differentiated not only in size but also in morphology, the larger one of which is arranged in ectosomal bouquets, is a unique feature in the genus Mycale. A high diversity of the microscleres and large upper size of the anisochelae (up to 189 µm) are additional features of the new species. The subgenus Oxymycale is reviewed and its status as a monophyletic group of Mycale is discussed.
A Study of Fog and Low Cloud At Pendleton, Oregon*
Authors: Jermin Thomas E.
Published: August 2018

The statistics of fog and low ceilings at Pendleton are discussed in relation to the topographic situation, prevailing winds, type of fog process, etc. The explanations require careful attention to topography. Nov. to Jan. is the foggy season; radiation, prefrontal, and advection are the chief types, but postfrontal and upslope fog also occur. Typical situations for each are illustrated. The forecasting by use of Brunt's radiation equation or the methods of George has not yet been satisfactorily worked out; some forecasting rules are cited however.
On the Interpretation of the Results of Periodogram Analysis and of Self-Correlation
Authors: Clough H. W.
Published: August 2018

Synopsis

Two rigid methods of disclosing periodicities, the periodogram analysis and self-correlation, are discussed, and several examples of their use in deriving the 28-month period in solar and meteorological data are given. The empirical or non-rigid method of deriving periods, illustrated by the determination of the epochs of sunspot maxima and minima, is contrasted with the rigid method, and it is shown that if the results by the two methods are properly interpreted, they are in substantial agreement.
Gustiness Under Various Weather Conditions*
Authors: Fergusson S. P.
Published: August 2018

Synopsis

Records of gustiness or rapid variations of velocity, usually obtained during gales, are important in studies of destructive effects of high winds, and from these data the relation of variations of high frequency to high mean velocities during long periods of time has been determined with fair accuracy. Gales, however, accompany but one or two kinds of condition, and a desirable supplementary comparison of gustiness with other phenomena of the atmosphere—storms, cloudiness, diurnal changes of pressure and temperature, etc.—has been undertaken at Blue Hill Observatory under the very favorable circumstances of an unusual range of velocity, ideal exposure for instruments, and wide-scale continuous records of all elements.

Gustiness, by a highly-sensitive rotation anemometer, is recorded on paper moving 60 mm a minute during periods of about 20 minutes regularly at 8 A.M., 2 P.M., and sunset, and at other hours during unusual conditions. The rotor can measure five changes of velocity in one second and the time-scale of the recorder can be expanded to 40 mm a second when details are to be studied.

The records obtained so far confirm earlier data of the connection between variable velocities and the more conspicuous changes of condition of the atmosphere, the range of velocity and frequency of gusts being higher on days with strong convection than during other periods when the sky is overcast and the vertical component of the wind is small. Further study of records will be necessary to evaluate relationships not so obvious but possibly of greater importance.
Prognostic value of the heart rate profile during exercise in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Aihara Kazufumi , Kato Yuko , Suzuki Shinya , Arita Takuto , Yagi Naoharu , Semba Hiroaki , Kano Hiroto , Matsuno Shunsuke , Otsuka Takayuki , Uejima Tokuhisa , Oikawa Yuji , Kunihara Takashi , Yajima Junji , Yamashita Takeshi
Published: August 2018

Aims

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of heart rate profile during exercise with exercise capacity and heart failure occurrence in patients with atrial fibrillation compared with patients with sinus rhythm.

Methods

We analyzed 2231 patients (atrial fibrillation: n = 321, sinus rhythm: n = 1910) who underwent a symptom-limited maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test at our institute. Their heart rate profile during exercise was assessed using peak heart rate and chronotropic response; (peak heart rate−resting heart rate)/(220−age−resting heart rate). The endpoint was the occurrence of heart failure events, defined as hospitalization for heart failure or heart failure-related death.

Results

There were significant positive correlations of peak heart rate and chronotropic response to peak oxygen consumption, both in atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm. During a median follow-up period of 1262 (interquartile range 974–2921) days, 117 (5.2%) heart failure events were observed. Multivariate analyses showed that peak heart rate and chronotropic response were statistically significant predictors of heart failure events both in atrial fibrillation (peak heart rate: heart rate 0.975, p = 0.002, chronotropic response: heart rate 0.196, p = 0.003) and in sinus rhythm (peak heart rate: heart rate 0.988, p = 0.036, chronotropic response: heart rate 0.347, p = 0.020). Bivariate models showed that compared with chronotropic response, peak heart rate was a stronger predictor of heart failure in atrial fibrillation, whereas the finding was reversed in sinus rhythm.

Conclusion

The exercise- heart rate profile was significantly related to exercise capacity and future heart failure events, regardless of rhythm. However, the impacts of peak heart rate and chronotropic response on the endpoint varied according to the cardiac rhythm.
Integrated reservoir characterization of a Utica Shale field
Authors: Zhu Jinming
Published: August 2018

We performed an integrated multidisciplinary study for reservoir characterization of a Utica Shale field in eastern Ohio covered by a multiclient 3D seismic data set acquired in 2015. Elastic seismic inversion was performed in-house for effective reservoir characterization of the Utica Shale, which covers the interval from the top of Upper Utica (UUTIC) to the top of Trenton Limestone. Accurate, high-fidelity inversion results were obtained, including acoustic impedance, shear impedance, density, and VP/VS. These consistent inversion results allow for the reliable calculation of geomechanical and petrophysical properties of the reservoir. The inverted density clearly divides the Point Pleasant (PPLS) interval as low density from the overlying UUTIC Shale interval. Both Poisson's ratio (PR) and brittleness unmistakably separate the underlying PPLS from the overlying Utica interval. The PPLS Formation is easier to hydraulically fracture due to its much lower PR. Sequence S4 is the best due to its higher Young's modulus to sustain the open fractures. The calculated petrophysical volumes indisputably delineate the traditional Utica Shale into two distinctive sections. The upper section, the UUTIC, can be described as having 1%–2% total organic carbon (TOC), 3.5%–4.8% porosity, 10%–24% water saturation, and 40%–58% clay content. The lower section, PPLS, can be described as having 3%–4.5% TOC, 5%–9% porosity, 2%–10% water saturation, and about 15%–35% clay content. Both sections exhibit spatial variation of the properties. Nevertheless, the underlying PPLS is obviously a significantly better reservoir and operationally easier to produce.
A Prospective Observational Cohort Study of Calls for Help in a Tertiary Care Academic Operating Room Suite
Authors: Ricks Cameron J. , Ma Michael W. , Gastelum Jennifer R. , Rajan Govind R. , Rinehart Joseph B.
Published: August 2018

While significant literature exists on hospital-based “code calls,” there is a lack of research on calls for help in the operating room (OR). The purpose of this study was to quantify the rate and nature of calls for help in the OR of a tertiary care hospital. For a 1-year period, all calls were recorded in the main OR at The University of California, Irvine Medical Center. The average rate of calls per 1000 anesthesia hours was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1–1.8), corresponding to a rate of 5.0 (3.8–6.5) calls per 1000 cases. Airway (44%), cardiac (32%), and hemorrhagic (11%) emergencies were the most common etiologies. Thirty-day mortality approached 11% for patients who required a call for help in the OR.
Intravenous Lidocaine for the Prevention of Cough: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Clivio Sara , Putzu Alessandro , Tramèr Martin R.
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:

It remains unclear to what extent intravenous lidocaine prevents cough and whether there is dose-responsiveness and risk of harm.

METHODS:

We searched electronic databases to January 1, 2017 for randomized trials comparing intravenous lidocaine with placebo for the prevention of cough in surgical patients. Primary outcome was the incidence of cough. Data were analyzed using a random-effects model and were expressed as risk ratio (RR) and number needed to treat (NNT) with 95% confidence interval.

RESULTS:

In 20 trials in adults (n = 3062) and 5 trials in children (n = 445), intravenous lidocaine 0.5–2 mg·kg−1 was tested for the prevention of intubation-, extubation-, or opioid-induced cough. Twenty-two trials included only American Society of Anesthesiologists I or II patients; 3 trials (n = 99) also included American Society of Anesthesiologists III patients. Lidocaine was associated with a lower incidence of cough compared to placebo in adults and children, irrespective of dosage and cough etiology. Data from adults suggested dose-responsiveness; with 0.5 mg·kg−1, RR was 0.66 (0.50–0.88) and NNT was 8 (5.4–14.3); with 1 mg·kg−1, RR was 0.58 (0.49–0.69) and NNT was 7 (4.6–8.9); with 1.5 mg·kg−1, RR was 0.44 (0.33–0.58) and NNT was 5 (3.3–5.2); and with 2 mg·kg−1, RR was 0.39 (0.24–0.62) and NNT was 3 (2.0–3.4). Adverse effect reporting was sparse.

CONCLUSIONS:

Within a range of 0.5–2 mg·kg−1, intravenous lidocaine dose dependently prevents intubation-, extubation-, and opioid-induced cough in adults and children with NNTs ranging from 8 to 3. The risk of harm in high-risk patients remains unknown.
Blood Relatives: Splicing Mechanisms underlying Erythropoiesis in Health and Disease
Authors: Reimer Kirsten A. , Neugebauer Karla M.
Published: August 2018

During erythropoiesis, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells transition to erythroblasts en route to terminal differentiation into enucleated red blood cells. Transcriptome-wide changes underlie distinct morphological and functional characteristics at each cell division during this process. Many studies of gene expression have historically been carried out in erythroblasts, and the biogenesis of β-globin mRNA—the most highly expressed transcript in erythroblasts—was the focus of many seminal studies on the mechanisms of pre-mRNA splicing. We now understand that pre-mRNA splicing plays an important role in shaping the transcriptome of developing erythroblasts. Recent advances have provided insight into the role of alternative splicing and intron retention as important regulatory mechanisms of erythropoiesis. However, dysregulation of splicing during erythropoiesis is also a cause of several hematological diseases, including β-thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. With a growing understanding of the role that splicing plays in these diseases, we are well poised to develop gene-editing treatments. In this review, we focus on changes in the developing erythroblast transcriptome caused by alternative splicing, the molecular basis of splicing-related blood diseases, and therapeutic advances in disease treatment using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing.
DRETools: A tool-suite for differential RNA editing detection
Authors: Weirick Tyler , Trainor Patrick , Rouchka Eric , DeFilippis Andrew , Uchida Shizuka
Published: August 2018

Recent tools to detect RNA editing have expanded our understanding of epitranscriptomics, linking changes in RNA editing to both disease and normal cellular processes. However, the research community currently lacks tools for determining if change in RNA editing or "differential editing" has occurred. To meet this need, we present DRETools, a command-line tool-set for ﬁnding differential editing among samples, editing islands, and editing sites.
Routine Chest Radiographs after Uncomplicated Thoracentesis
Authors: Lenaeus Michael J. , Shepherd Amanda , White Andrew A.
Published: August 2018

The “Things We Do for No Reason” series reviews practices which have become common parts of hospital care, but which may provide little value to our patients. Practices reviewed in the TWDFNR series do not represent “black and white” conclusions or clinical practice standards, but are meant as a starting place for research and active discussions among hospitalists and patients. We invite you to be part of that discussion.
Reliability and concurrent validity of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire in adults from a Brazilian rural area
Authors: Martins Rafaela Costa , Blumenberg Cauane , Da Silva Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to test reliability of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), and its concurrent validity using accelerometers, in a Brazilian rural population. Fifty-five adults (18+ years) living in a rural Brazilian city were selected to wear an accelerometer for one week and to answer the GPAQ twice in a week period interval. Reliability was verified using Intraclass Correlation Coefficients and the concurrent validity was analyzed based on Bland and Altman’s diagrams. We found relatively high reliability for the total physical activity (ICC = 0.78; 95%CI: 0.63; 0.87). The average di erence between both GPAQ measures was 192 minutes (95%CI: -69.63; 453.75). Wider differences were found when participants reported > 400 minutes of physical activity per week. There was limited agreement between the GPAQ and accelerometer measures (total average difference = -1043 minutes; 95%CI: -1452.23; -634.09). Thus, the questionnaire presented limited concurrent validity and acceptable reliability, being able to be used in rural populations. However, there is still a need of new physical activity instruments focused on rural populations.