bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The evaluation of the malnutrition in hospitalized infants
Authors: Akbay Ak Sinem , Baltalı Oya , İlhan Özkan , Akman Sezin
Published: January 2025

Aim: Malnutrition is a state of inadequate nutrition that can be prevented or treated with appropriate nutrition. The aim of this study is to determine the nutritional status of hospitalized infants and to establish the relationship between anthropometric measurements and malnutrition with underlying acute or chronic diseases.
Materials and Methods: This study was cross-sectional, descriptive, and noninvasive. It included the infants who were hospitalized at the tertiary hospital between 2010 and 2012. Demographic data was collected through face-to-face interviews. Body mass index (BMI), BMI standard deviation score (SDS), BMI percentiles, SDS of body weight and height were calculated using the KIGS (Pfizer International Growth Database) Auxology calculator program.
Results: A total of 298 infants were included in the study. The mean age of them was 7.18 ± 4.8 months and 185 children (62.1%) were male. At the time of hospitalization, 101 (33.9%) patients had chronic disease. Neurological diseases were the most common chronic diseases, accounting for 31.7% (n=32) of the chronic diseases. As the severity of malnutrition increased, the likelihood of accompanying chronic illness increased (p
The prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Kandaz Mustafa , Balsak Atalay , Çobanoğlu Hatice Bengü
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) continues to be debated. This study was conducted to enhance the accuracy of its prognostic value through a single-centre analysis.
Methods: Ninety-seven patients with NPC who received adjuvant radiotherapy between 1998 and 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: The study included a total of 97 patients who were treated for NPC and had available data. In 54 (56%) patients the NLR was ≤3 and in 43 (44%) the NLR was >3. The mean age of the patients was 49.64±14.51 (range: 12-82) years. Four patients were ≤18 years old and 93 patients were >19 years old. Sixty-three (65%) patients were male, 34 (35%) patients were female. For stage I patients, NLR was ≤3 in 2 (2%) and >3 in 2 (2%) patients. For stage II patients, NLR was ≤3 in 10 (11%) and >3 in 8 (8%) patients. For stage III patients, NLR was ≤3 in 29 (30%) and >3 in 25 (26%) patients. For stage IVA patients, NLR was ≤3 in 12 (12%) and >3 in 8 (8%) patients. For stage IVB patients, NLR was >3 in 1 (1%). The follow-up period was 79.4±72.1 (2-279) months. In all patients, mean overall survival (OS) was 159.37±13.66 (132.97-185.76) months, median 205±31.11 (144-265.99) months, The 1-, 2- , 3- and 5-year survival rates were 87.3%, 81.5%, 74.3%, and 65.3%, respectively. In general, 54 (56%) of the patients had NLR ≤3, while 43 (44%) had NLR >3. Mean survival times were 169.72±14.2 (95%CI 141.86-197.56) and 133.88±18.95 (95%CI 96.72-171.03) months for NLR ≤3 and NLR >3 patients, respectively. Median survival time was 223 months for NLR ≤3 patients, whereas it was 118±66.11 (95%CI 0-247.58) for >3 patients. The 1-, 2-, 3- and 5- year survival rates were 92.6%, 86.4%, 82% and 72.3% for NLR ≤3 and 80.3%, 75.6%, 65% and 56.8% for NLR >3 patients, respectively, indicating statistical significance (p=0.047).
Conclusion: In NPC, a pre-treatment NLR above three indicates an unfavorable prognosis in survival and may be a valuable prognostic biomarker. A large-scale prospective study is necessary to validate the prognostic significance of NLR in NPC patients and to determine precise cut-off values.
Retrospective evaluation of multiplex PCR panel results from CSF samples in a university hospital
Authors: Şahin Funda , Özcan Nida , Özbek Erdal , Atmaca Selahattin , Temiz Hakan
Published: January 2025

Aim: Given the significant mortality and sequelae due to meningitis, rapid diagnosis and initiation of treatment have a major impact on patient outcomes. In many cases of meningitis/meningoencephalitis, empirical treatment should be initiated immediately. This empirical treatment regimen is initiated based on the cumulative antibiotic susceptibility results in the region. The aim of our study was to retrospectively determine the causative agents in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients who received a presumptive diagnosis of meningitis, using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests.
Materials and Methods: The study included 206 cerebrospinal fluid samples from different patients with a preliminary diagnosis of meningitis sent from various clinics. The Biospeedy viral nucleic acid isolation kit (Bioeksen, Türkiye) was used for the isolation of genetic material. Genetic materials (DNA/RNA) related to Herpes simplex virus 1-2, Humman herpesvirus 6-7-8, Varicella zoster virus, Enterovirus, Cytomegalovirus, Human Parechoviruses, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Escherichia coli K1, Cryptococcus gattii/neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid samples were investigated using the Meningitis/Encephalitis RT-qPCR MX-17 Panel (RT-qPCR MX-17S Panel, Bio-Speedy®, Bioeksen, Türkiye) multiplex PCR kit.
Results: According to the PCR results, the causative agent was identified in a total of 19 patients. Nine patients were found to have Streptococcus pneumoniae, two had Varicella zoster virus, and two had Enterovirus. Additionally, six patients had separate detections of Haemophilus influenzae, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus 1, Human herpesvirus 6, Human herpesvirus 8, and Parechoviruses.
Conclusion: Recently, simple and rapid molecular tests such as PCR have contributed to an increase in the early detection of causative agents. Based on the performance of diagnostic tests, we propose an algorithm for the use of both syndromic and specific tests in patients at risk for meningitis/encephalitis.
Assessment of the Nurse’s Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Pain Management
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Bibi Afsha , Ali Rizwan , Younas Muhammad , Shaheroom . , Shah Anam Nasir , Hayat Shahid , Shaikh Muhammad Hanain , Khan Yasir , Faisal Shah
Published: January 2025

Nurses are vital in ensuring effective pain management within the healthcare team, necessitating a profound grasp of pain and a heightened sensitivity in their caregiving approach. Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of nurses toward pain management. Methods: The cross-sectional design was conducted in two private and public sectors in central Karachi from September to December 2023 using a purposive sampling technique among 90 participants. Results: The study reveals that 62.8% of participants were aged 24-30, 30% identified as male, 61.1% were post-registered nurse educated, and 73.3% had 1-5 years of experience. Participant knowledge varied, with 34.4% agreeing on giving narcotics regularly, and attitudes showed diverse perspectives, such as 27.8% strongly agreeing that the absence of pain expression does not indicate the lack of pain. Conclusions: It was concluded that the study highlights significant deficiencies in nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding pain management, necessitating urgent, evidence-based educational interventions for a more compassionate approach to nursing care.
The Role of Propolis in Muscle Repair: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Sasanthy , Ayu Putri Ragil , Sukmawati Dewi
Published: January 2025

Propolis a natural substance that comes from bees possesses various medicinal properties including. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and beneficial in the metabolic system. Muscle repair is crucial for maintaining muscle function, especially in cases of injury, oxidative stress, and ageing which cause muscle loss and dysfunction. Propolis has emerged as a potential alternative treatment for muscle repair. Objective: To investigate the impact of propolis on muscle repair. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, and Cochrane Library. The PRISMA guideline was followed for analysis. The approach uses keywords such as propolis, muscle, and skeletal muscle. Articles were selected based on sample characteristics, intervention, and muscle repair parameters. The searched keywords include propolis, muscle, and skeletal muscle. Evaluation parameters included oxidative stress markers, inflammation, molecular mechanisms, muscle capillaries, muscle mass, strength, and function. Results: The initial search uncovered 7676 articles, after further screening, it comprised a total of 23 studies that were included in the results. The collected articles summarized the main mechanism of action of propolis in muscle repair, primarily due to its antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, and its effect on glucose metabolism, which influences muscle fatigue, strength, and mass. Conclusions: It was concluded that propolis as a bee’s natural product, has several advantages in muscle repair due to its multiple mechanisms of action, encompassing antioxidants, anti-inflammatory properties, impact on muscle glucose metabolism, and stimulation angiogenesis.
Emerging Trends in Bioprinting for Cartilage Regeneration: Materials, Techniques and Challenges
Authors: Jeraj Adam Rafiq , Zameer Zulekha
Published: January 2025

Cartilage repair is a major clinical problem because of the poor intrinsic healing capacity of cartilage coupled with the limitations of conventional therapies and synthetic substitutes. These challenges have been pursued by bioprinting, which is a technique that can generate scaffolds that mimic native cartilage. This review aims to discuss current and future development of bioprinting for cartilage tissue regeneration with a focus on the most common biomaterials such as alginate, gelatin, and collagen, along with the emerging materials such as smart hydrogels, nanomaterials, and bioactive molecules. The review also outlines other emerging bioprinting technologies like high resolution, 4D, hybrid, and microfluidic assisted bioprinting that are believed to improve the mechanical properties, biological integration and vascularization of the constructs produced through bioprinting. Some of the major problems which are still unresolved are those of scale up, biocompatibility and immune response that hinders the clinical application of bioprinted cartilage. The review further concludes that owing to some regulatory issues along with a lack of an ideal practice the challenges in bioprinting for cartilage regeneration still persists. Some of the future prospects that have been highlighted include the use of patient derived cells, artificial intelligence for process optimization and the development of smart and adaptive biomaterials. Mitigating these challenged and integrated these advanced technologies will enable the clinical translation of bioprinted cartilage to develop personalized, functional, and durable tissue constructs.
Diagnostic Role of X-ray Imaging in Renal and Ureteric Calculi Keeping Computed Tomography as Gold Standard
Authors: Ullah Kalim , Qamar Tauseef , Khan Siraj , Ahmad Bilal
Published: January 2025

The renal colic is an initial onset of flank discomfort that often radiates to the groin and may be linked with complication like hematuria and dysuria. Physicians initially use KUB plain x-ray imaging for the initial diagnosis and ultrasonography for the suspected calculi, and evaluation of the upper tract of urinary system. Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of x-ray KUB imaging in diagnosis of renal and ureteric calculi keeping computed tomographic scan as a gold standard. Methods: An ethically approved cross-sectional study was conducted at Maqsood Medical Complex, Peshawar with a convenient sampling technique between August to November 2024. Data of KUB x-ray and CT scan were collected by predesigned proforma. Data were entered in SPSS version 27. Demographics were described in tables and applied Chi square test for the sensitivity and specificity of the KUB radiographic x-ray take the CT scan gold standard. Results: The sample size of the study was 235, where the mean and standard deviation of age was 33.77 ± 8.61. The male patients were 152 (64.68%) and the female were 83 (35.32%) participated in this research study. The Chi square test result shows that x-ray was able to properly detect 92 cases of calculi verified by CT but missed 124 cases. While X-ray did not incorrectly identify any calculi. Conclusions: Although KUB x-ray imaging has been configured to be an initial diagnostic tool in detecting renal and ureteric calculi, its diagnostic yield lacks in comparison to CT scans.
ANÁLISE DO FINANCIAMENTO DA SAÚDE EM PERÍODO PANDÊMICO:
Authors: Santos Micael , Gomes Cilene , Da Costa Sandra Maria Fonseca
Published: January 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma pesquisa sobre o percentual de participação das transferências de recursos da União para o SUS dos municípios da RMVPLN, SP, entre 2020 e 2022, e comparar o período de maior número de casos e óbitos por COVID- no Brasil e nos municípios da Região, com o percentual de transferências estaduais para a saúde desses municípios, no mesmo período. É uma pesquisa quantitativa, exploratória e comparativa; os dados foram extraídos a partir de pesquisa documental, utilizando-se de fontes primárias e pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados demonstram que a Região em estudo apresentava desigualdades socioterritoriais antes da pandemia e, após, desigualdades também foram observadas nos repasses da União e do estado de São Paulo para o setor de saúde dos 39 municípios que a compõem, comprometendo os pequenos municípios que não dispõem dos mesmos recursos que municípios maiores.
Benchmark of European Lobster (Homarus gammarus) in Swedish areas of Skagerrak, Kattegat and Öresund : stock annex
Authors: Sundelöf Andreas , Cardinale Massimilliano , Sande Hege , Hammenstig-Åström Emmelie , Pärn Henrik
Published: January 2025

This report summarizes the process of conducting a benchmark for the assessment of European lobster in the Swedish coastal areas of the Skagerrak, Kattegat and Öresund. Catch data, survey indices, commercial catch per unit of effort and life history data, on which the assessment is based on, are described in summary in the report and in detailed form in the attached appendices. Furthermore, the report summarizes the model structure and the sensitivity analyses done to generate an ensemble model that can be used to estimate the stock status of the lobster stock and provide advice. The current assessment is considered an improvement compared to previous modelling. This is due to advances in the modelling tools used, as well as improved data and knowledge on spatial distribution and size composition. The lobster stock on the Swedish west coast is currently assessed as being around sustainable biological levels. After a period of excessive fishing and low biomass, recent management measures have likely succeeded in limiting fishing and improving the status of the stock. Under the current fishing pressure, the stock may develop positively, but what future fishing pressure may look like under current management, without a limitation in total catch, is not possible to predict.
Econnoitering Data Protection and Recovery Strategies in the Cyber Environment: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Muhammad Ibrar  , Samavia Riaz  , Younus Khan  , Ayyan Asif  , Khalid Hamid  , Muhammad Waseem Iqbal  , Muhammad Asim
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the performance and reliability of different strategies for database backup and recovery within a controlled environment, focusing on the comparison between full, incremental, and transaction log backups. Experimentation based on these strategies is designed to assess the effectiveness in terms of the capability to handle data loss scenarios such as accidental deletion, system crashes, and hardware failure. A sample database environment is established on MySQL, PostgreSQL, or SQL Server. The metrics recorded in the baseline state include response time, data throughput, and resource utilization. The research considers various recovery models, including Simple, Full, and Bulk-Logged recovery, in comparison with the chosen backup strategies. The influence of each strategy on data protection, recovery time, and usage of system resources is considered. The findings of the survey are derived with reference to the perception of IT professionals and database administrators to ascertain which of the full backups and full recovery models they favor most, as they consider it by storage capacity and system performance factors. The output will be beneficial to businesses interested in optimizing their strategies for backups and recovery within specified data protection and performance considerations.
PELATIHAN KONSEP TRI NGA KI HAJAR DEWANTARA BAGI GURU DI SDNU PEMANAHAN
Authors: Syafriza Azizatul Alif , Ferryka Putri Zudhah
Published: January 2025

The purpose of writing this article is to provide training to teachers, especially at SDNU Sleman, regarding the concept of Tri Nga Ki Hajar Dewantara. The concept of "Ngerti, Ngrasa, Nglakoni" as a comprehensive learning, includes cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The learning process is not only about understanding and feeling, but also about implementing these values ​​in daily actions and behaviors. The application of the Tri Nga concept will create an active and enjoyable learning atmosphere. Active learning means that students are actively involved in class. Students have the ability and are accustomed to being involved and expressing their opinions. Enjoyable learning means that students feel happy during the learning process and can enjoy every learning process carried out so that the material learned can be more embedded in students' memories. It is hoped that after this socialization is carried out, teachers can create more enjoyable learning, so that learning becomes meaningful.
Effect of High-Volume Epidural Steroid Injection on Pain Score and Neck Disability Index in the Treatment of Cervical Radicular Pain: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Erken Burak , Saracoglu Tuba Tanyel
Published: January 2025

Objective: Cervical radicular pain resulting from disc herniation significantly affects patient’s quality of life. Cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injections (CILESIs) are a common treatment for patients who are unresponsive to conservative therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of high-volume (8 mL) CILESIs in treating pain and neck disability.
Method: This retrospective study included patients treated with high-volume CILESIs from January 2021 to January 2024 who had cervical disc herniation unresponsive to conservative treatment. Patients with low-volume treatments, previous cervical surgeries and interventions were excluded. Pain intensity was measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS), and disability was assessed using the neck disability index (NDI) before treatment and at 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after treatment.
Results: Of 146 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 132 were included in the study. The mean age was 49.38 ± 5.68 years. The NRS scores significantly reduced from 7.64 ± 0.62 at pre-treatment to 2.62 ± 0.99 at 6 months post-treatment (p<0.001). The NDI scores also significantly decreased from 49.27 ± 5.65 at pre-treatment to 15.15 ± 5.02 at 6 months post-treatment (p<0.001). No acute or chronic complications occurred.
Conclusion: High-volume CILESIs significantly reduced pain and improved neck disability for up to 6 months in patients with cervical radicular pain, and no acute or chronic complications were observed. It is an effective treatment method that can be performed safely.
Keywords: Epidural injections, neck pain, radiculopathy, disc herniation
A Case of Severe Hypokalemia Triggered by Thiopental Sodium Infusion
Authors: Seven Inci Seda , Ergun Yagiz Kagan , Karakaya Galip
Published: January 2025

Dyskalemia is a rare but potentially life-threatening side effect of thiopental sodium, a sedative agent that has been utilized for many years in the treatment of patients with increased intracranial pressure. Severe hypokalemia may occur during the infusion, while rebound hyperkalemia may arise after the infusion is discontinued, posing significant challenges in intensive care settings. This case report examines a patient who developed severe hypokalemia (serum potassium 1.5 mmol L-1) during thiopental infusion and rebound hyperkalemia (serum potassium 5.4 mmol L-1) post-infusion cessation. These findings underscore the critical importance of close monitoring and appropriate management strategies in intensive care settings.
Keywords: Thiopental sodium, hypokalemia, electrolyte imbalance
Is the Dominant Hemisphere Effective in Pain Transmission?
Authors: Çepni Kütahya Emine , Orhan Rahime , Başaran Betül , Bilge Ayşegül
Published: January 2025

Objective: Propofol is one of the frequently used anesthetic agents. The most common side effect of it is injection pain. Hand dominance is one of the clinical factors that should be evaluated in pain sensitivity. The effect of hand dominance on many pain factors has been examined, but no clear conclusion has been reached. For this purpose, we aimed to evaluate the effect of this condition on propofol injection pain in patients with right- or left-hand dominance.
Method: Our study included 163 patients aged 18-70 who would undergo general anesthesia with propofol for any surgical procedure in the operating room. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups; group 1 (n=39) right-handed patients with vascular access on the back of the right hand, group 2 (n=45) right-handed patients with vascular access on the back of the left hand, group 3 (n=40) left-handed patients with vascular access on the back of the left hand, group 4 (n=39) were left-handed and had vascular access from the back of their right hand. It was evaluated with a 4-point verbal pain scale following propofol induction.
Results: When dominant and non-dominant hand cannulation were compared in terms of pain score, no difference was found. No significant difference was found when the incidence of pain was evaluated according to the direction of the dominant hand and the cannulation side.
Conclusion: In our study, no significant difference was found in propofol injection pain in terms of hand dominance and cannulation side.
Keywords: Pain, dominant hemisphere, propofol
Revolutionizing Knowledge Management for Competitive Advantage
Authors:   SCES’s Indira Institute of Management, Pune, Chandratreya Dr. Abhijit
Published: January 2025

Knowledge management (KM) has become a cornerstone for organizations striving to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in an era defined by rapid technological advancements and globalization. This paper explores the transformative potential of modern KM strategies and tools, emphasizing their role in fostering innovation, enhancing decision-making, and driving organizational efficiency. By leveraging digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and cloud computing, organizations can revolutionize their approach to knowledge acquisition, storage, and dissemination. The study also examines the challenges of implementing advanced KM systems, including cultural resistance and data security concerns, offering practical insights to overcome these barriers. Through a comprehensive analysis, the paper provides a framework for integrating KM practices into core business strategies, highlighting their impact on long-term organizational success.

Keywords: Knowledge management, competitive advantage, innovation, digital transformation, decision-making, organizational efficiency
Digital Mock-up analysis using Artificial Intelligence of Things
Authors:   Design Engineer (Tata Technologies) Pune, India, Roy Soutrik
Published: January 2025

Digital Mock-Up units (DMU) are a design or human factor for study and inspection of Computer Aided Designs to help designers identify key design issues and factors which can lead to the functional failure of a product in the early stages of development. Digital Mock-Ups can be used by Computer Aided Design (CAD) & Non- Computer Aided design users to review a product before sending a design to the final stage i.e. Production. Currently, Digital Mock-Ups is used in a wide variety of industries ranging from automobiles to healthcare to aerospace. Additionally, DMU also has some drawbacks such as being time consuming, leading to human errors & repetitive work etc.  This paper explores what is the current review process of Digital Mock-Ups in the industry to derive technological & functional information and how latest technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and internet of things (IOT) can be adopted to review Digital Mock-Ups even more effectively using technologies like computer vision and image recognition to reduce human error in the review process.

Key Words:  Digital Mock-up Units, Artificial Intelligence of Things, Sensors, Image Recognition, Object Detection, Machine Vision
Optimized Cloud-Edge Task Allocation and Load Balancing Strategy
Authors:   Dept.of.CS&E PESITM, B P Saharsha
Published: January 2025

The rapid evolution of distributed systems has necessitated innovative approaches for managing task deployment and achieving load balancing in cloudedge environments. This paper addresses the prevalent issue of data overload at cloud computing centers and edge nodes by introducing a Joint Cloud-Edge Task Distribution (JCETD) model. Utilizing pruning algorithms and deep reinforcement learning, the proposed approach ensures efficient resource utilization and optimized task allocation. Key contributions include minimizing computational complexity and enhancing system performance through strategic pruning and adaptive learning techniques.

Keywords- Distributed systems, cloud-edge environments, task deployment, load balancing, data congestion, cloud computing centers, edge nodes, JCETD model, pruning algorithms, deep reinforcement learning, resource optimization, task allocation, computational overhead, system efficiency, adaptive learning methods.
FORMULATION OF PROTEIN & IRON-RICH CRACKERS USING BIOWASTE AND THE STUDY OF IRON BIO-ACCESSIBITLITY IN THE SNACK
Authors: R Pallavi , Akhtar Sofia , M Yamini , S Syeda Farha
Published: January 2025

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and anemia are the major health and nutritional problems in India. Not only they are an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality but also leads to permanent impairment of the physical and mental growth of those who survive. A considerable amount of biowaste is generated while processing foods in the form of peel, seed and inedible pulp material, which can be re-used for edible purposes after appropriate processing because of the nutrient density. Two variations of crackers were developed using sattu flour & soy flour along with other ingredients (seeds, vegetable peels). Nutritional composition was analysed, Moisture sorption isotherm, iron bioaccesibility, organoleptic evaluation (9 point hedonic scale) was studied. The results of the present study demonstrated that the protein content of the crackers ranged from 12.65 to 27.02%, the total dietary fibre ranged from 32.56 to 46.93%, the iron content was high among the developed crackers 7.08±0.56 and 6.06±0.66mg/100g compare to the control crackers. Overall, both the products developed (Sattu & Soy crackers) had better acceptability compared to control crackers. The in-vitro iron bioaccessibility of sattu crackers and soy crackers was 6.27% and 6.35% respectively. The products developed were good sources of protein and iron. Therefore the waste part of fruits and vegetables, having high iron content, can be used as a natural source to improve the iron bioaccessibility by the nutraceutical industries, so this will not only act as value-added but also helps in reducing environmental problems.
IN-VITRO PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AND CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES EITHER SINGLY OR LOADED WITH CIPROFLOXACIN ANTIBIOTIC AS NANODRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: Sabry Sara Mahmoud , Abdel-ghany Hasaneen Mohammed Nagib , Omer Aya Moheb , Ahmed  El-Sayed Ahmed Kassem , Ateya Ahmed Ibrahim
Published: January 2025

Engineered nanomaterials have been used increasingly in the medecinal field to improve drug delivery efficacy in the healthcare field because of their unique physicochemical characteristics. In the current study, chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were synthesized by polymerization of methacrylic acid in chitosan solution. Meanwhile, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNPs) were synthesized by using the hot homogenization method. Chitosan nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles either singly or loaded with ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic were characterized using morphological, physical, chemical, electrical and biological methods. Both chitosan nanoparticles and solid lipid nanoparticles had spherical shape meanwhile, the size was range from 50.96 nm to 108.42 nm for chitosan nanoparticles and 107 nm for solid lipid nanoparticles, and retained the properties of the drug after loading. The size of both nanomaterials was increased after loading with ciprofloxacin by 145.5% and 49.66 %, respectively. Both prepared nanomaterials offered controlled drug release after 12 hrs Antibacterial activity of solid lipid nanoparticles and chitosan nanoparticles either singly or loaded with ciprofloxacin was evaluated against Salmonella enteritidis as a Gram-ve bacterial strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each prepared nanodrugs against Salmonella enteritidis was determined as 0.0002 mg ml-1 and the antibacterial effect of either nanomaterials, antibiotic singly or loaded with antibiotic as nanodrug delivery systems showed significant variable higher increase in inhibition rate of the pathogen. The following sequence of the treatment: CSNPs-CIP; 2.0 mg ml-1 > SLNPs-CIP; 2.0 mg ml-1 > control (CIP; 2.0 mg ml-1) > SLNPs-CIP; 0.2 mg ml-1 > CSNPs-CIP; 0.002 mg ml-1 was displayed with respect to percent change inhibition effect on bacterial pathogen. In conclusion, we recommended an intensive work on the biosafety of using nanomaterials as nanodrug delivery systems for treatment of infectious diseases.
ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF IGF-1 AND GH GENE SNPs WITH GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT PERFORMANCE IN SHEEP
Authors: Li Shuaitong , Kong Lingchao , Pan Yuan , Li Jiaqi , Li Siyi , Liu Yining , Hou Sibing , Liu Qingkun , Qiao Yanjun , Sun Yinggang , Wang Zeying
Published: January 2025

IGF-1 and GH genes have been proven to be important genes that affect animal growth and development. The purpose of this experiment was to analyse the effect of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of sheep IGF-1 and GH genes on their growth and development performance. The results showed that a SNP site T5299C was detected in the IGF-1 gene, while two SNP sites C408G and T364C were detected in the GH gene. At the T5299C site, the CC genotype in the Charolais ewes, rams, and ram lambs, as well as the TT genotype in the Charolais ewe lambs and the CT genotype in the Australian White rams were dominant genotypes. At the C408G site, the CG genotype in the Charolais ewes and ram lambs, CC genotype in the Charolais rams and Australian White rams, and GG genotype in the Charolais ewe lambs were dominant genotypes. At the T364C site, the CT genotype in the Charolais ewes, ram lambs, and Australian White rams, CC genotype in the Charolais ewe lambs, and TT genotype in the Charolais rams were dominant genotypes. And we found the dominant haplotype combinations of each breed of sheep through the haplotype combinations of different loci. This provides a certain reference for future research on the influence of IGF-1 and GH genes on the growth and development performance of sheep.
INSILICO DOCKING STUDIES OF VARIOUS COMPOUNDS OF Euphorbia hirta L., PLANT ON FERRITIN, OXYHEMOGLOBIN, HEPCIDIN, AND TRANSFERRIN RECEPTORS
Authors: Yaseen C Mohammed , Hamsa C B , Bhavani Kesarla , Muthukumar A. , Srivastava Noopur , Paarakh Padmaa M
Published: January 2025

Anemia is characterized as having a lower hemoglobin (Hb) level than normal. Iron supplements are currently prescribed as a medicine for treating anemia. As iron supplements have more side effects such as CNS toxicity and cancer herbal medications are majorly preferred for the treatment of the disease. Euphorbia hirta L., is a plant that is majorly available worldwide and helps treat various diseases. The current research aimed to study the docking analysis of various compounds of the plant Euphorbia hirta L., on receptors such as Ferritin, Oxyhemoglobin, Transferrin, and Hepcidin and to evaluate the results obtained using PyRx software. Alongside docking, Toxicity and ADME analysis is done using Protox 2 and the Swiss ADME website. The ADME results showed that except for camphol, and phenylhydrazine there is no BBB penetration for any compound. The docking result showed that on receptor Ferritin, camphol has the highest binding score of -4.6. For protein Oxyhemoglobin, phenylhydrazine has the highest score of -5.3. For protein Hepcidin -4.7 is the highest score for phenylhydrazine and citronellol. For protein transferrin, citronellol has the highest score of -4.4. It is hypothesized from the current docking research that the chemical compounds of the Euphorbia hirta L., plant have an anti-anemic effect on various individuals and it can also be used in designing new drugs used for anemic therapy.
DEVELOPMENT OF EDIBLE FILMS CONTAINING ARONIA (Aronia melanocarpa) AND PROBIOTIC
Authors: SAGLAM Ali , ASAN-OZUSAGLAM Meltem
Published: January 2025

The application of herbal extracts and probiotics to edible films has the potential to improve food safety. This study aims to investigate the usage possibility of food packaging film prepared by combining aronia fruit ethanol extract (AEE) and probiotic candidate strain Limosilactobacillus fermentum MA-7 in the food industry. Firstly, the antimicrobial activity of AEE was determined. The extract showed antimicrobial activities against all tested microorganisms except Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal or fungicidal (MBC or MFC) concentration values of the extract against test microorganisms were determined between 12.5 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL. Secondly, inhibitory activity of AEE on lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from human milk was determined. Then, the antimicrobial activity of the films obtained by adding AEE (10%) or L. fermentum MA-7 separately or together was determined. The results showed that the AEE and probiotic mixture showed a synergistic effect and the highest antimicrobial activity was determined to be in the Gum-Extract-Probiotic (GEP) group. The thickness, density, moisture content, transparency, swelling degree, water solubility and light transmittance of the developed edible film were also determined. The mechanical properties of the films have improved the quality in food applications and prevented food spoilage. The GEP group extended the shelf life of its fruits by reducing mass loss by 35.88% at +4°C and 40.96% at +25°C compared to the control. The developed film can be used as bioactive antimicrobial food packaging as an alternative to synthetic packaging in the food industry.
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND CYTOTOXIC PROPERTY AGAINST HEPG2 CELL LINE OF ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTED FROM THYMUS VULGARIS LEAVES
Authors: Kaviranjana Kathirvel  , Kumar Satheesh , Karthiyayeni Ramasubramani  , Arathy Rajesh  , Ramachandra Ragunathan
Published: January 2025

Thymus vulgaris, also known as thyme, is being used as a versatile herb with both culinary and medicinal applications. It also incorporated into skincare and haircare products due to its antimicrobial and soothing properties. Recent studies highlighted its potential therapeutic benefits. Thyme essential oil was extracted via the hydro-distillation method. Gas chromatography (GC-MS) analysis revealed bioactive substances found in the essential oil. Additionally, leaf extracts were evaluated for various biological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Total phenol content was examined through the Folin-Ciocalteau's method, and Antioxidant activity was measured through DPPH assay. Antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal pathogens was tested using the disc diffusion method. Furthermore, cytotoxicity activity was evaluated by assessing the cell viability of the HEPG2 cell line. These findings underscored the potential of thyme as a provider of therapeutically useful bioactive properties.
EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM AGAINST BLOOD CANCER CELL LINE
Authors: Hatte Sayali , Mandave Pallavi , Jadhav Ashwini
Published: January 2025

Worldwide, leukemia is a major health concern. It ranks as one of the prevalent forms of cancer, particularly among children and adults. It affects individual of all age. The prevalence of leukemia varies geographically, with higher rates reported in developed countries where diagnostic capabilities and healthcare infrastructure are more advanced. The goal of present study was to calculate the antioxidant activity. The antiangiogenic activity was also performed using chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Further, the decoction was evaluated against the leukemia cancer cell line K-562 for anti-cancer activity. The EC50 of DPPH (162.77±6.59%, p≤0.0001) and FRAP (133.65±6.00 mg) activity for Cinnamomum zeylanicum decoction was found to be higher as compared to standard (51.31±1.29% and 115.81±7.6 mg, respectively). The total phenol and flavonoid content of Cinnamomum zeylanicum decoction were 49.66±1.23 mg/GAE/100g and 12.67±0.03 mg/ RTE/ 100g, respectively. In the CAM assay, Cinnamomum zeylanicum decoction treatment shows less veins formation as compare to negative control. The Cinnamomum zeylanicum decoction treated group showed decrease in hemoglobin content than both the positive and negative controls. The decoction showed major anticancer activity against k 562 in contrast with Adriyamycin, a standard drug. The IC50 value observed for ADR was similar to cinnamon which is standard anti-cancer drug. Cinnamon was discovered to be the most potent cytotoxic agent, inhibiting K-562 cell proliferation by more than 50% at concentrations. Based on the study, we recommended the use of Cinnamomum zeylanicum as a possible remedy and preventative measure for cancer.
FRYING STABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PALM OLEIN BLENDS OF SUNFLOWER AND SOYBEAN OILS HAVING BALANCED FATTY ACID PROFILE
Authors: Kaki Shiva Shanker , Bethala Kranthi Kumar , K Kezia Rani  , Ravinder T. , Thirupathi A. , K N Prasanna Rani  , B L A Prabhavathi Devi
Published: January 2025

Edible oil blends prepared from palm olein and sunflower/soybean oils (6:4 w/w) with desired fatty acid profile as per American Heart Association (AHA) recommended SFA:MUFA:PUFA ratio of 1:1:1 were used for frying of food products to assess their frying stability against native oils. Frying was carried out with two popular snacks namely, poori and French fries with low and higher moisture content respectively. The oil retention/absorption was more in the snack with high moisture content compared to the snack with low moisture. Physico-chemical parameters like acid value, peroxide value and total polar matter were analyzed for the fried oil samples. The analysis revealed that oxidation occurred more rapidly compared to hydrolysis during deep-fat frying and that blending with palm olein attributed higher stability to oils which were rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The total polar matter of the fried oils was found to be below 25% under the present frying conditions.
PRODUCTION OF LACTIC ACID FROM BREWER’S SPENT GRAIN BY USING DIFFERENT NITROGEN SOURCES AND DIFFERENT LACTOBACILLUS PENTOSUS STRAINS
Authors: Ayhan Sakine , KALKAN YILDIRIM Hatice
Published: January 2025

Brewer's spent grain (BSG), which is released as a by-product from brewing process, has attracted the attention of scientific research as a low-cost raw material for biotechnological applications. In this study, BSG was used as fermentation medium for production of lactic acid by using different Lb. pentosus strains (Lactobacillus pentosus O157, Lactobacillus pentosus O18, Lactobacillus pentosus O19). Initially, BSG was diluted with 1.25% of H₂SO₄, a solid/liquid ratio (1:8 g/g) for hydrolysis of the medium containing hemicellulose sugars. Lactic acid production conditions by using Lactobacillus pentosus strains were optimized as: pH 6.0, 96 hours at 31°C and 20.0 % of xylose concentration. The maximum amount and yield for lactic acid (22.4 g/L; 13.80 %) was produced with a strain of Lactobacillus pentosus O18, respectively.  In the second part of the study, different nitrogen sources (yeast extract, corn steep water, peptone, urea and tryptone) were used for production of lactic acid by using Lactobacillus pentosus O18 strain. In order to meet the complex organic matter needs of lactic acid bacteria, different nitrogen sources were calculated on the basis of equivalent nitrogen (10 g/L of yeast extract) amount. Among used sources the highest yield was obtained with yeast extract followed by peptone.
Instilling PAK Values using Augmented Reality as an Innovative Learning Media
Authors: Ratu Mofu Benyamin Dadi , Kolibu Dirk Roy
Published: January 2025

This study aims to explore the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in Christian Religious Education at Jayapura Joint High School. At Jayapura Joint High School, although there have been various learning methods applied, the use of Augmented Reality (AR) as a learning medium in Christian Religious Education (PAK) has not been used. This shows the untapped potential to improve the student learning experience. This research is a qualitative research. This approach was chosen because it aims to understand the phenomenon that occurs in the context of Christian religious education at Jayapura Joint High School through the use of Augmented Reality (AR) technology. The case study approach, allows researchers to investigate complex phenomena in real contexts. One of the key findings of this study is the improvement of material understanding among students who use AR as a learning medium. Students who learn to use AR show a much higher level of engagement in the learning process compared to traditional learning methods. One of the main challenges is the need for adequate hardware. Research reveals that the use of (AR) in education, especially in instilling PAK (Christian Religious Education) values, shows significant results in increasing student understanding and engagement. The results show that students who learn through AR have a higher level of information retention compared to traditional methods. AR can increase student engagement in PAK learning which has a positive impact on their learning motivation.
Supporting Factors the Achievement of Work-Life Balance in Employees: a Systematic Review
Authors: Irfani Alfina Diana , Triyuliasari Anisah
Published: January 2025

Work-life balance is an individual's ability to manage work and non-work life. This research aims to analyze 17 national and international journals on factors that support the achievement of work-life balance. The study employs a systematic review method, which involves identifying, selecting, and critically analyzing relevant academic literature to extract key insights. Journals were selected based on their relevance to work-life balance themes and their publication within the last decade. The results of the systematic review indicate that factors that support the achievement of work-life balance for employees are divided into four major factors. (1) Individual factors such as time and stress management skills, employee resilience. (2) Organizational factors include the provision of childcare center facilities, the implementation of flexible work hours and places policies, the provision of work method policies, the provision of facilities that support performance, the provision of social support in the organization, and the implementation of organizational culture. (3) Environmental factors that include family such as family support and division of household chores. (4) Other factors that can be in the form of government policies and laws to protect employees. The results of this study can be a guideline for organizations and employees to improve work-life balance.
The Effect of the Implementation of Learning Models Student Teams Achievement Division (Stad) Stem Based on Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Reviewed from Mathematics Learning Styles
Authors: Rezki Amalia Nosa , Marzal Jefri , Kamid Kamid
Published: January 2025

In initial observations, it was seen that students did not write down what they knew (interpretation), were not precise in making mathematical models (analysis), were less precise in using strategies to solve problems (evaluation), and had no conclusions (inference). After paying attention, students have different learning styles. However, the learning model used has not been able to improve mathematical critical thinking skills in terms of learning style. This research aims to find out how mathematical critical thinking skills are treated with the STEM-based STAD learning model in terms of learning styles. This type of research is quantitative research with research subjects namely class X students at MAN 1 Muaro Jambi. The research design used was a posttest only control design. The population was 115 students from 4 classes and the sample consisted of 3 classes, namely experimental class I (29 students), experimental class II (29 students), and control (28 students). The sampling technique was carried out using the cluster random sampling technique. The instruments in this research were observation sheets, learning style questionnaires, and mathematical critical thinking ability tests. The data obtained in this study were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test. The results of the research show that: 1) There is an influence of the application of the STEM-based STAD model on mathematical critical thinking skills where the significance value of the learning model is , so  is rejected or  is accepted, 2) There is no influence of learning style on mathematical critical thinking skills with The significance value for learning style is , so  is rejected or  is accepted, and 3) There is no interaction between the application of the STEM-based STAD model and learning style on mathematical critical thinking skills with a significance value of , so  is rejected or  accepted. The results of the research concluded that the STEM-based STAD learning model applied in experimental class I was more effective for mathematical critical thinking skills, as evidenced by the average mathematical critical thinking ability of the STEM-based STAD learning model of   which is greater than the average. using STAD and direct instruction.
The Interpretive Approach in the Sociology of Communication
Authors: Al-Azab Seham Ahmed
Published: January 2025

The interpretative approach emphasizes the importance of understanding the subjective meanings individuals attribute to communication, rather than focusing solely on objective factors. The article highlights the understanding of human communication through various interpretative methodologies, including symbolic interactionism, ethnography, and ethnomethodology, on several issues, including the main goal, the position of the researcher and the methodological basis, the ontology of communication, the epistemology of communication, the axiology of communication, and finally, the process of interpretation of communication.