bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotatable WIFI Security Camera using ESP32 Cam
Authors: Ahmad Arman
Published: May 2022

The security cameras like CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) are tools that can minimize theft in both private homes and public places. But the problem with most of the CCTV and security cameras are that they are not having the mechanisms that can be used to monitor the place at an angle that is difficult to reach by a CCTV camera, i.e. they cannot be panned and tilted to reach an angle that is difficult to reach. Also, the CCTV cameras are not portable, are not wireless and requires a dedicated systems in order to be operable. In this study, a simulation tool was designed that combines an ESP32 Camera Module, that can be programmed using Arduino IDE, with 180 degree rotatable SG90 servo motors, in order for it to rotate horizontally and vertically. Its cost is significantly lesser than the cost of a moving CCTV camera, and it can be controlled from anywhere in the house within the WIFI range and its wireless. And with this simulation can be an alternative of CCTV cameras. Also, the requirement for a dedicated system and a dedicated person for the surveillance is absent, as it can be accessed from anyone having the WIFI credentials and within the range of the wifi network. Dedicated system is not required as it only needs a smartphone or PC/laptop for viewing camera footage
INFLUENCE OF MIDDLE EAST ARMED CONFLICTS INTO BATTLEFIELD CHANGES
Authors: KOZERAWSKI Dariusz , LOTARSKI Piotr
Published: May 2022

Wars conducted in the Middle East after the WWII significantly affected the course of military strategy, and combat tactics, and military technology. Presented paper describes circumstances of local wars and military conflicts in the Middle East and their influence on development of warfare art and technology. The wars with Israel which were lost by the Arabic countries in 20th century affected development of military strategy and tactics of using the armoured weapons and air forces. They contributed significantly to development of the intelligence, and antiaircraft combat assets, and antitank weapons. In consecutive wars the Arabic countries were not able to coordinate military operations, what gave possibility for the Israel army to successively defeat armies of particular countries. Military conflicts between Israel and Hamas and Hezbollah, and suffered losses, caused the development of new revolutionary combat assets such as combat vehicles active self-defence systems (Trophy), or antimissile/antiaircraft systems (Irone Dome). Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), drones, and precise weapons were widely used. Reconnaissance and military intelligence affected significantly the results of military operations. Palestinian and Lebanese organisations counterweighed the advantages of Israelian army by systems of fortifications, tunnels, and hidden fire positions. Israelian army implemented combat vehicles in urban area fights. They proved to be efficient what denied opinions about uselessness of armoured weapons at urban fights, or even the tanks in the 21st century. The war in Syria indicated the efficient use of combined combat tactics, conventional military operations, and guerrilla and terrorist methods and actions.The high morale represented by Hezbollah and ISIS fighters proved to be an essential component of military operations. Risking own life at fighting the enemies made great impression on them, and disorganised the defence, and provided dazzling successes in the battlefield. Aviation played important role in all operations fighting the forces of Arabic countries, Hamas, Hezbollah, or Islamic State (IS).
OS EFEITOS DA ASSOCIAÇÃO DA DIETA LOW CARB NA DIABETES TIPO 2
Authors: Aleixo Isabella Cristina , Onofre Colombo Silva Bruna , Gimenez Valentim Emily , Benvenho Romagnoli Isabela , Meurer Nicole Caroline , Pirozzi Flávio
Published: May 2022

A diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) é uma síndrome heterogênea que resulta de deficiência na secreção de insulina pelas células beta do pâncreas ou de hiperglicemia por aumento da resistência à insulina nos tecidos periféricos. Os principais exames de controle glicêmico são a hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) e glicemia basal, peso corporal e níveis de lipídios séricos (colesterol total e triglicerídeos). Publicações mostram que a intervenção da dieta low carb (DLC) melhorou esses parâmetros de controle glicêmico. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi analisar como a DLC pode trazer benefícios para o tratamento de pacientes diabéticos do tipo 2. Foram utilizados artigos publicados na base de dados Scielo, Pubmed, Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes e Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. Incluiu-se os estudos que consideravam a DLC em pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 e os efeitos dessa dieta em relação ao controle da glicemia glicada, peso e níveis de lipídeos séricos. A meta-análise é a primeira a avaliar a eficácia da DLC no manejo da diabetes tipo 2. Nove RCTs com 734 participantes foram incluídos na análise. Os achados dessa metanálise sugerem que a intervenção da LCD teve um efeito positivo na HbA1c, triglicerídeos e concentração de HDL-c. Em conclusão, esse tipo de dieta tem efeito benéfico na melhora da HbA1c, o que sugere que essa pode ser efetiva para o manejo da diabetes tipo 2. Além disso, a intervenção com essa dieta pode ser benéfica em fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.
FINANCIAL STATEMENT INTEGRITY : CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND QUALITY AUDIT EVIDENCE FROM FOOD AND BEVERAGE COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
Authors: Marlinda Charly , Satria Hendy , Utami Ranti , Kurnia Sri , As Sahara Masyitah
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of corporate governance and audit quality, corporate governance as proxied by institutional ownership, managerial ownership, audit committees, independent commissioners on the integrity of financial statements in manufacturing companies in the food and beverage industry sub-sector. This study uses a quantitative approach whose research object is taken from a sample of manufacturing companies in the food and beverage industry sub-sector as many as 6 companies during the 4-year observation period in order to obtain 24 observation samples. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis with a significant level of 5%. Based on the results of the study, the multiple linear regression analysis equations are: Financial Statement Integrity = 0.239 – 0.070 Institutional Ownership + 5.371 Managerial Ownership – 0.976 Audit Committee + 4.740 Independent Commissioner – 0.379 audit quality + e. The conclusion of the analysis is partial managerial ownership and independent commissioner affect the integrity of financial statements while institutional ownership, audit committee, and audit quality have no effect on the integrity of financial statements, simultaneously institutional ownership, managerial ownership, audit committee, independent commissioners and audit quality have an effect on the integrity of financial statements. managerial ownership and independent commissioners strengthen their relationship with financial statement integrity and institutional ownership, audit committees, and audit quality weaken their relationship with financial statement integrity. The proxy of corporate governance and audit quality on the coefficient of determination shows the percentage of influence of 83.6%, while the rest is influenced by other variables of 16.4%.
Engineering Characterization of Earthquake Ground Motions Based on Composite-intensity Index Spectrum
Authors: Mangkoesoebroto Sindur P. , Maggang Niakku
Published: May 2022

Abstract
This study proposed an alternative method to earthquake ground motion characterization based on composite-intensity index spectrum. It is a combination of spectral acceleration (Sa(T)), duration (D05-95) and peak ground velocity (PGV). The spectrum, considering the effect of three-component motions, was firstly introduced in the paper. It was established based on thirty-one three-component strong earthquake records that were collected worldwide. The index was further related to the modified Mercalli intensity scales to assign its damage potentials. The method revealed more meaningful interpretations of earthquake ground motion characterization than other procedures.
Keywords: Earthquake motion characterization, three components, composite-intensity index, acceleration spectrum, duration, peak ground velocity, MMI.
Abstrak
Studi ini mengusulkan metode alternatif terkait karakterisasi gelombang gempa berdasarkan spektrum indeks intensitas komposit. Indeks ini adalah gabungan dari spektra percepatan (Sa(T)), durasi (D05-95) dan kecepatan puncak permukaan (PGV). Spektrum indeks intensitas komposit, dengan tinjauan gelombang gempa tiga-komponen, adalah yang diusulkan pertama kali dalam makalah ini. Metode ini dikembangkan berdasarkan tiga-puluh satu gelombang gempa tiga-komponen yang tersebar di dunia. Indeks tersebut selanjutnya diikatkan dengan skala intensitas Mercalli termodifikasi untuk menunjukkan potensi kerusakannya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa karakterisasi gelombang kuat dapat dilakukan berdasar indeks intensitas komposit lebih baik daripada metode lain yang tersedia.
Kata kunci: Karakterisasi gelombang gempa, tiga komponen, indeks intensitas komposit, spektrum percepatan, durasi, kecepatan puncak, permukaan, skala MMI.
Structural Evaluation of Flexible Pavement with 2017 Road Pavement Design Manual (MDP) and 2017 Austroads Method (Case Study: Tanah Runtuh – Tawaeli National Road Section)
Authors: Fitrianingsih Ligar , Subagio Bambang Sugeng , Kusumawati Aine
Published: May 2022

Abstract
National roads in urban and rural areas use flexible pavement in general. If damage occurs on the pavement, structural road maintenance can be analyzed. The most commonly used evaluation for structural pavements is conducting a deflection survey using the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) tool, where the results from the deflection evaluation can be used to determine the overlay. This research aims to conduct a structural evaluation of the Tanah Runtuh – Tawaeli National Road section and determine the required overlay thickness using the 2017 MDP and Austroads method. The road segment is divided into STA 10+000 to 12+656 and STA 14+400 to 18+700. The required overlay thickness using the 2017 MDP for average pavement temperatures of 47°C, 42°C, 41°C, 38°C, and 35°C is 80 mm for both segments. The required overlay thickness using Austroads method is 114mm and 98mm for a temperature of 47°C, 105mm for a temperature of 42°C, 97mm for a temperature of 41°C, 85mm for a temperature of 38°C, and 83mm for a temperature of 35°C. The analysis results using the 2017 MDP is not affected by the pavement temperature, meanwhile the overlay thickness from the Austroads method show that the pavement temperature affects the required overlay thickness.
Key words: Flexible pavement, deflection, FWD, overlay thickness, MDP 2017, austroads.
Abstract
Jalan nasional di perkotaan maupun luar kota masih umum menggunakan perkerasan lentur. Apabila terjadi kerusakan pada perkerasan dapat dilakukan pemelihaaran jalan secara struktural pada perkerasan tersebut. Evaluasi yang paling umum digunakan untuk struktural perkerasan adalah dengan melakukan survey lendutan dengan menggunakan alat Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) yang mana hasil dari evaluasi lendutan dapat digunakan untuk menentukan lapis tambah (overlay). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi struktural pada ruas jalan Nasional Tanah Runtuh – Tawaeli dan menentukan tebal lapis tambah menggunakan metoda Manual Desain Perkerasan Jalan 2017 dan Austroads. Ruas dibagi menjadi 2 (dua) segmen yaitu segmen STA 10+000 s/d 12+656 dan STA 14+400 s/d 18+700. Kebutuhan tebal lapis tambah menggunakan metoda MDP 2017 untuk nilai temperatur rata-rata perkerasan 47°C, 42°C, 41°C, 38°C, dan 35°C adalah 80 mm untuk kedua segmen. Kebutuhan tebal lapis tambah dengan menggunakan metoda Austroads adalah 114 mm dan 98 mm untuk temperatur 47°C, 105 mm untuk temperatur 42°C, 97 mm untuk temperatur 41°C, 85 mm untuk temperatur 38°C, dan 83 mm untuk temperatur 35°C. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan metoda MDP 2017 tidak dipengaruhi oleh temperatur perkerasan, sementara tebal overlay yang dihasilkan dari metoda Austroads menunjukkan bahwa temperatur perkerasan mempengaruhi tebal overlay yang dibutuhkan.
Key words: Flexible pavement, deflection, FWD, overlay thickness, MDP 2017, austroads.
Pengaruh Rencana Konstruksi Pelabuhan Jetty Terhadap Perairan di Kawasan Pelabuhan Pulau Banyak
Authors: Hafli Teuku Mudi , Akbar Said Jalalul , Al'ala Musa
Published: May 2022

Bahaya pesisir selalu menjadi tantangan untuk kota pesisir untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatannya. Erosi dan sedimentasi yang disertai gelombang besar merupakan dua masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat pesisir, terutama pada pemanfaatan Pelabuhan sebagai satu-satunya jalur transportasi. Pulau Banyak sebagai salah satu kawasan kepulauan juga menghadapi masalah yang sama, tercatat masalah erosi dan sedimentasi pesisir masih menjadi tantangan. Para penduduk sangat bergantung pada kawasan Pelabuhan sebagai jalur keluar masuk barang kebutuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproyeksikan dampak alternatif desain yang direncanakan agar dapat mereduksi permasalahan erosi. Proyeksi ini disimulasikan menggunakan model transportasi hidrodinamik dan sedimen yang termasuk dalam Delft3D Flow and Wave. Skenario alternatif desain dilihat pengaruhnya dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun. Dampaknya dianalisis secara spasial dan hasilnya menunjukkan, bahwa konstruksi dapat mereduksi arus dan bekerja sebagaimana mestinya. Menurut temuan tersebut, pelaksanaan penambahan Pelabuhan Jetty sangati disarankan untuk menunjang transportasi yang akan berdampak positif pada perekonomian Pulau banyak.
Organic material as supplementation for substrate in papaya seedlings production
Authors: Cardoso Thales Alves , Semensato Leandra Regina , Sant'Ana Gabriela Rodrigues , Vendruscolo Eduardo Pradi
Published: May 2022

Papaya is among the main fruit species produced in Brazil, representing high socioeconomic importance in productive regions. Changes in production methodologies aim to meet market demands and sector sustainability. In this sense, the use of organic compounds has been successfully used in the production of seedlings. The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential use of different sources of organic material for the composition of substrates used in the production of papaya seedlings, identifying the effects on the emergence and development of plants. Therefore, the treatments were composed of different substrates, namely: T1 – Soil; T2 – 75% soil and 25% chicken litter; T3 - 75% soil and 25% earthworm humus; T4 - 75% soil and 25% tanned cattle manure. When evaluating the characteristics, it was found that substrates composed of the fractions of earthworm humus and cattle manure allowed increases in the characteristics of shoot length, number of leaves, leaf area and stem circumference, while the presence of chicken litter interfered negatively on all the variables studied. It was concluded that organic compounds have the potential to favor the production of papaya seedlings. In this sense, the composition of the substrate alters the emergence and development of papaya seedlings, and the use of a fraction of 25% of earthworm humus allows the formation of seedlings with greater vigor, while the use of chicken litter in this same proportion should be avoided.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling Studies of New 8-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbohydrazides as Potential Anti-HIV Agents
Authors: Alemi Mehrdad , Kamali Fatemeh , Vahabpour Roudsari Rouhollah , Hajimahdi Zahra , Zarghi Afshin
Published: May 2022

Background: The development of a highly safe and potent scaffold is a significant challenge in anti-HIV drug discovery. Objectives: This study aimed at developing a novel series of anti-HIV agents based on HIV integrase inhibitor pharmacophores. Methods: A novel series of 8-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbohydrazide derivatives featuring various substituted benzoyl and N-phenyl carboxamide and carbothioamide moieties were designed and synthesized. Results: According to the biological evaluation, all the developed compounds were effective against HIV at concentrations lower than 150 µM, associated with no significant cytotoxicity (CC50 > 500 µM). Conclusions: Compound 8b, possessing a 4-fluorobenzoyl group, was the most potent compound, with an EC50 of 75 µM. Docking studies revealed that the binding modes of designed compounds are similar to the known HIV integrase inhibitors.
Understanding Household Catastrophic Health Expenditures and Fairness of Financing for Cancer Treatment: A Cross-sectional Case Study in West of Iran
Authors: Rezapour Aziz , Norayi Motlagh Soraya , Darvishi Teli Banafsheh , Yousefzadeh Negar , Haghighatfard Payam
Published: May 2022

Background: Direct out-of-pocket (OOP) and indirect healthcare payments can limit the household budget and cause several financial problems for the household. Objectives: This study aimed to measure the financial protection and determinants of catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) for cancer treatment in Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Khorramabad, located in western Iran. Methods: This study was conducted on 220 households of cancer patients in Lorestan Province, Iran. The framework of data collection was based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Survey. Interviews were conducted with individuals who met the inclusion criteria of this study; they were selected using a simple random sampling method. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test in STATA. Results: The present results showed that the incidence of CHEs and the fair financial contribution index (FFCI) were 70% and 86%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the household CHEs and variables, such as supplementary insurance coverage, household income status, educational level of the household head, household size, age of the household head, type of cancer, and type of cancer treatment. Conclusions: More financial protection should be provided for the families of cancer patients due to the high incidence of CHEs and unfair financing of cancer care services. Moreover, healthcare systems should consider supportive policies for cancer patients and their household members by increasing the insurance coverage and expanding service packages to reduce cancer treatment expenditures.
Landscape Archaeology of the Western Nile Delta
Authors: Trampler Joshua R
Published: May 2022

Different ideas of what constitutes an archaeological site have developed over two centuries of scholarship and heritage law in Egypt, with sites often (unconsciously) conceived as lands with museum-quality pieces and striking monumental, mortuary, and/or epigraphic remains. As a result, the material record of the powerful dominates Egyptological discourse, leaving hundreds of unexplored sites in the delta floodplain and their potential contributions to a narrative of Egyptian culture largely ignored. Attempting to correct this, the author integrates historical maps, remote sensing data, and ancient texts to understand the dynamic landscape of the western Nile Delta. Weaving together new archaeological survey, Corona satellite images, and a targeted program of drill coring, this volume offers a palimpsest of settlement and paleoenvironment from the New Kingdom to Late Roman era. In the face of forces undermining many sites' integrity, this study adapts techniques in landscape archaeology to an Egyptian context, anticipating triage and salvage in the decades to come.
Effect of extracting method of coconut oils on tribological properties as bio-based lubricant
Authors: Gasni Dedison , Mulyadi Hari
Published: May 2022

The use of mineral and synthetic lubricants will have long-term impact on the environment. Vegetable oil can be an alternative for substitution due to having significant environmental benefits. In addition, vegetable oils also offer renewable resources and have proven to have excellent lubrication performance for automotive and industrial application. Coconut oil is one of vegetable-based oil that would have prospective characteristics to be exploited as bio-lubricant oil. The origin of coconut oil would distinguish its characteristic, hence differentiating its performance as a lubricant. Indonesia is well known as having abundant source of coconut oil which is made with different extraction methods. Extraction method can be envisaged for improving the performance of coconut oil as lubricant oil. Indonesian coconut oils that had been extracted through dry and wet methods would be a primary concern in this study. The prospective of extracting method of coconut oil as lubricant in term of physicochemical and tribological properties will be investigated. hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), virgin coconut oil (VCO), and refined coconut oil (RCO) are product of coconut oil extracted from wet and dry, respectively. Results indicated that RCO and HCO posed high viscosity index, high ratio unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, and low wear and friction coefficient which are prospective as base fluid in lubricant industries.
Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) de uma unidade de conservação no sul da Bahia
Authors: Gonçalves Gleice Ane de Souza , Linhares Lucílio Matos , Vila-Verde Gabriel , Dolibaina Diego Rodrigo , Paluch Márlon
Published: May 2022

A Estação Ecológica Estadual de Wenceslau Guimarães (EEEWG) é uma área protegida localizada a noroeste do corredor central da Mata Atlântica no estado da Bahia, Brasil, com 2.418 ha de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Submontana. Com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento sobre a riqueza e distribuição das borboletas no Brasil, foram realizadas seis coletas mensais na EEEWG. As borboletas foram capturadas com redes entomológicas por dois coletores, durante dois dias por mês, entre 9h00 e 15h00, totalizando 144 h de esforço amostral. Adicionando dados obtidos na literatura, uma lista com 205 espécies de borboletas pertencentes a seis famílias é apresentada, sendo 101 espécies de Nymphalidae, 55 de Hesperiidae, 22 de Lycaenidae, 14 de Riodinidae, 11 de Pieridae e 2 de Papilionidae. A fauna é composta principalmente de espécies de áreas abertas e com ampla distribuição geográfica. Entretanto, diversas espécies típicas de áreas florestadas também estão presentes, uma delas, Napeogenes rhezia rhezia (Geyer, 1834) (Nymphalidae: Danainae: Ithomiini), uma borboleta considerada criticamente em perigo.
Seven Sublimes
Authors: Nye David E.
Published: May 2022

A reconception of the sublime to include experiences of disaster, war, outer space, virtual reality, and the Anthropocene.

We experience the sublime—overwhelming amazement and exhilaration—in at least seven different forms. Gazing from the top of a mountain at a majestic vista is not the same thing as looking at a city from the observation deck of a skyscraper; looking at images constructed from Hubble Space Telescope data is not the same as living through a powerful earthquake. The varieties of sublime experience have increased during the last two centuries, and we need an expanded terminology to distinguish between them. In this book, David Nye delineates seven forms of the sublime: natural, technological, disastrous, martial, intangible, digital, and environmental, which express seven different relationships to space, time, and identity.

These forms of the sublime can be experienced at historic sites, ruins, cities, and national parks, or on the computer screen. We find them in beautiful landscapes and gigantic dams, in battle and on battlefields, in images of black holes and microscopic particles. The older forms are tangible, when we are physically present and our senses are fully engaged; increasingly, others are intangible, mediated through technology. Nye examines each of the seven sublimes, framed by philosophy but focused on historical examples.
Integrative analysis of scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq revealed transit-amplifying thymic epithelial cells expressing autoimmune regulator
Authors: Miyao Takahisa , Miyauchi Maki , Kelly S Thomas , Terooatea Tommy W , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Oh Eugene , Hirai Sotaro , Horie Kenta , Takakura Yuki , Ohki Houko , Hayama Mio , Maruyama Yuya , Seki Takao , Ishii Hiroto , Yabukami Haruka , Yoshida Masaki , Inoue Azusa , Sakaue-Sawano Asako , Miyawaki Atsushi , Muratani Masafumi , Minoda Aki , Akiyama Nobuko , Akiyama Taishin
Published: May 2022

Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) are critical for self-tolerance induction in T cells via promiscuous expression of tissue-specific antigens (TSAs), which are controlled by the transcriptional regulator, AIRE. Whereas AIRE-expressing (Aire+) mTECs undergo constant turnover in the adult thymus, mechanisms underlying differentiation of postnatal mTECs remain to be discovered. Integrative analysis of single-cell assays for transposase-accessible chromatin (scATAC-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) suggested the presence of proliferating mTECs with a specific chromatin structure, which express high levels of Aire and co-stimulatory molecules, CD80 (Aire+CD80hi). Proliferating Aire+CD80hi mTECs detected using Fucci technology express a minimal number of Aire-dependent TSAs and are converted into quiescent Aire+CD80hi mTECs expressing high levels of TSAs after a transit amplification. These data provide evidence for the existence of transit-amplifying Aire+mTEC precursors during the Aire+mTEC differentiation process of the postnatal thymus.
Development and evaluation of a machine learning-based in-hospital COVID-19 disease outcome predictor (CODOP): A multicontinental retrospective study
Authors: Klén Riku , Purohit Disha , Gómez-Huelgas Ricardo , Casas-Rojo José Manuel , Antón-Santos Juan Miguel , Núñez-Cortés Jesús Millán , Lumbreras Carlos , Ramos-Rincón José Manuel , García Barrio Noelia , Pedrera-Jiménez Miguel , Lalueza Blanco Antonio , Martin-Escalante María Dolores , Rivas-Ruiz Francisco , Onieva-García Maria Ángeles , Young Pablo , Ramirez Juan Ignacio , Titto Omonte Estela Edith , Gross Artega Rosmery , Canales Beltrán Magdy Teresa , Valdez Pascual Ruben , Pugliese Florencia , Castagna Rosa , Huespe Ivan A , Boietti Bruno , Pollan Javier A , Funke Nico , Leiding Benjamin , Gómez-Varela David
Published: May 2022

New SARS-CoV-2 variants, breakthrough infections, waning immunity, and sub-optimal vaccination rates account for surges of hospitalizations and deaths. There is an urgent need for clinically valuable and generalizable triage tools assisting the allocation of hospital resources, particularly in resource-limited countries. We developed and validate CODOP, a machine learning-based tool for predicting the clinical outcome of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. CODOP was trained, tested and validated with six cohorts encompassing 29223 COVID-19 patients from more than 150 hospitals in Spain, the USA and Latin America during 2020–22. CODOP uses 12 clinical parameters commonly measured at hospital admission for reaching high discriminative ability up to 9 days before clinical resolution (AUROC: 0·90–0·96), it is well calibrated, and it enables an effective dynamic risk stratification during hospitalization. Furthermore, CODOP maintains its predictive ability independently of the virus variant and the vaccination status. To reckon with the fluctuating pressure levels in hospitals during the pandemic, we offer two online CODOP calculators, suited for undertriage or overtriage scenarios, validated with a cohort of patients from 42 hospitals in three Latin American countries (78–100% sensitivity and 89–97% specificity). The performance of CODOP in heterogeneous and geographically disperse patient cohorts and the easiness of use strongly suggest its clinical utility, particularly in resource-limited countries.
Non-rapid eye movement sleep and wake neurophysiology in schizophrenia
Authors: Kozhemiako Nataliia , Wang Jun , Jiang Chenguang , Wang Lei A , Gai Guanchen , Zou Kai , Wang Zhe , Yu Xiaoman , Zhou Lin , Li Shen , Guo Zhenglin , Law Robert , Coleman James , Mylonas Dimitrios , Shen Lu , Wang Guoqiang , Tan Shuping , Qin Shengying , Huang Hailiang , Murphy Michael , Stickgold Robert , Manoach Dara , Zhou Zhenhe , Zhu Wei , Hal Mei-Hua , Purcell Shaun M , Pan Jen Q
Published: May 2022

Motivated by the potential of objective neurophysiological markers to index thalamocortical function in patients with severe psychiatric illnesses, we comprehensively characterized key non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parameters across multiple domains, their interdependencies, and their relationship to waking event-related potentials and symptom severity. In 72 schizophrenia (SCZ) patients and 58 controls, we confirmed a marked reduction in sleep spindle density in SCZ and extended these findings to show that fast and slow spindle properties were largely uncorrelated. We also describe a novel measure of slow oscillation and spindle interaction that was attenuated in SCZ. The main sleep findings were replicated in a demographically distinct sample, and a joint model, based on multiple NREM components, statistically predicted disease status in the replication cohort. Although also altered in patients, auditory event-related potentials elicited during wake were unrelated to NREM metrics. Consistent with a growing literature implicating thalamocortical dysfunction in SCZ, our characterization identifies independent NREM and wake EEG biomarkers that may index distinct aspects of SCZ pathophysiology and point to multiple neural mechanisms underlying disease heterogeneity. This study lays the groundwork for evaluating these neurophysiological markers, individually or in combination, to guide efforts at treatment and prevention as well as identifying individuals most likely to benefit from specific interventions.
Mitotically heritable, RNA polymerase II-independent H3K4 dimethylation stimulates INO1 transcriptional memory
Authors: Sump Bethany , Brickner Donna G , D'Urso Agustina , Kim Seo Hyun , Brickner Jason H
Published: May 2022

For some inducible genes, the rate and molecular mechanism of transcriptional activation depend on the prior experiences of the cell. This phenomenon, called epigenetic transcriptional memory, accelerates reactivation, and requires both changes in chromatin structure and recruitment of poised RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to the promoter. Memory of inositol starvation in budding yeast involves a positive feedback loop between transcription factor-dependent interaction with the nuclear pore complex and histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation (H3K4me2). While H3K4me2 is essential for recruitment of RNAPII and faster reactivation, RNAPII is not required for H3K4me2. Unlike RNAPII-dependent H3K4me2 associated with transcription, RNAPII-independent H3K4me2 requires Nup100, SET3C, the Leo1 subunit of the Paf1 complex and, upon degradation of an essential transcription factor, is inherited through multiple cell cycles. The writer of this mark (COMPASS) physically interacts with the potential reader (SET3C), suggesting a molecular mechanism for the spreading and re-incorporation of H3K4me2 following DNA replication.
Transcriptome changes in ERGIC3-knockdown hepatocellular carcinoma cells: ERGIC3 is a novel immune function related gene
Authors: Liu Mengyuan , Zhao Qiurong , Zheng Xiang , Yang Lei , Zhao Yanyu , Li Xueying , Wu Mingsong
Published: May 2022

Objective

The expression of ERGIC3 is increased in a variety of tumors and promotes the growth and metastasis of liver cancer, but the molecular mechanism needs to be further studied.In this study, we aimed to analyze the molecular mechanism of ERGIC3 regulating the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SMMC-7721 cells using transcriptomics.

Methods

ERGIC3 was knocked down in SMMC-7721 cells by RNAi technique, and the expression of ERGIC3 was detected by Q-RT-PCR and Western Blot. RNA sequencing was performed in the Illumina HiSeq platform in the control group and the ERGIC3i group and bioinformatics methods were selected to analyze the data.

Results

The expression of ERGIC3 was reduced to 10% in SMMC-7721 cells by RNAi technique, and 176 genes were up-regulated and 34 genes were down-regulated in ERGIC3i group compared with the control group. Analysis of the pathways and biological processes that enrich the function of differentially expressed genes showed thatthese differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in vesicular transport, growth factors, PI3K-Akt, NOD-like, Jak-STAT, NF-kappa B and other protein kinase-coupled receptors mediated signal transduction pathways, tumor immune response, collagen-integrin receptor-actin axis, and miRNA pathways. More importantly, most of the significantly altered pathways were related to immunity. ERGIC3 may be a key immune-related gene.

Conclusion

Based on the transcriptomic analysis, the mechanism of ERGIC3 promoting the growth of HCC is link with the transport of growth factor receptor, cytokine receptor and collagen. Then it is involved in signal transduction pathways mediated by protein kinase-coupled receptors, PI3K-Akt, NOD-like, Jak-STAT and NF-kappa B. In particular, the mechanism is also involved in the ERGIC3-dependent immune pathways. ERGIC3 is a potential target for prevention and treatment of HCC.
Clinical Profile and Epidemiology of Neonates Presenting with Acute Gastroenteritis with Special Emphasis on Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Sharma Raman , Taneja Vipul , Khajuria Kajal , Kaur Rasmeen , Bhardwaj AK
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) is one of the most common causes of hospitalisation in children as well as neonates. According to World Health Organisation (WHO), 80% of deaths due to diarrhoea occur in first two years of life. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is one of the most common complications associated with gastroenteritis and dehydration. Neonates constitute major bulk of infant mortality and morbidity. The goal of this study was to identify risk factors, feeding pattern and electrolyte abnormalities in neonates presenting with AGE. Aim: To study the clinical profile and epidemiology of neonates presenting with AGE with special emphasis on AKI. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Department of Paediatrics between December 2019 to May 2021 at MMIMS Research and Hospital, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. Ethical clearance was obtained from the ethical committee prior to the study. A total of 510 neonates were admitted during this period in NICU. Out of them 151 neonates of AGE who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Clinical Data and lab investigations i.e., serum electrolytes and Renal Function Test (RFT) were collected and entered in pretested proforma meeting the objectives of the study. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) was used to diagnose AKI. Results: In this study, out of the 151 patients of AGE, 56 (37.09%) patients developed AKI. Hyperkalaemia in 85 (56.29%) patients was the most common electrolyte abnormality followed by hypernatremia 35 (23.18%). Hyponatraemia was present in only 15 (9.9%) patients. Acidosis was present in 41 (27.15%) patients. Exclusive formula feeding was the single most modifiable risk factor for AKI. Conclusion: It was found that feeding pattern is the most important and modifiable risk factor associated with increased incidence of AGE and AKI in neonates. Exclusive formula fed babies are more prone to AGE due to improper composition of feeds as compared to mixed feeding or exclusive breast feeding. Thus, exclusive breast feeding must be promoted. Hyperkalaemia remained the most common electrolyte abnormality in these patients.
Comparison of Various Infant Milk Substitutes with the Guidelines by European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jose Priya , Rajan Nishanth , Prabhakar Sudiksha , Kommu Peter Prasanth Kumar , Krishnan Lalitha
Published: May 2022

Introduction: When mother’s milk is not available, Infant Milk Substitutes (IMS) must be supplemented with medical advice. Human milk can be digested easily because of the whey protein present in it and which is less in other animal milk. Considering this fact the manufacturers have attempted to make IMS as close to breast milk. Aim: To compare the composition of different IMS with breast milk, and with international guidelines given by European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed between April to May 2020, at a tertiary centre in Puducherry, India. Total 11 whey protein containing IMS brands that were commercially available in the Indian market for children aged up to six months were included in the study. The IMS for preterm babies and those without whey protein like hydrolysed milk, IMS with soya bean extract were excluded from the study. The details of IMS was collected and compared. The composition of the IMS was taken from the information provided by the manufacturer. The data was entered in Microsoft excel and was analysed using statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: With respect to calories, protein, fats and vitamins all IMS met the requirements. Nucleotide content exceeded in 18.1%. Sialic acid was added in 9% IMS. Iron content is more than the ESPGHAN requirement in 9% IMS. Conclusion: All the IMS were almost within the range advised by ESPGHAN. The children who fail to gain adequate weight can be given the brands with more calories. Babies with features of iron deficiency, can be given Brand VIII. For parents who cannot afford to buy the IMS with smart nutrients, they can choose the basic IMS which are of low cost, but meets the requirements.
Effect of Bacterial Diarrhoea on Serum Zinc Levels in Children with Special Reference to Different Bacterial Pathogens: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Ikejiaku Udochikwuka Patience , Anochie Ifeoma , Nwolisa Emeka , Iregbu Francis , Amamilo Ifeyinwa Blessing
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Diarrhoea significantly leads to morbidity and mortality in under-five children, particularly in developing countries. Reduced serum zinc levels in acute non infectious diarrhoea has an impact on the frequency, severity and duration. However, evidence is still evolving on the status of zinc level in bacterial diarrhoea. Aim: To assess serum zinc level in bacterial diarrhoea and compare the serum zinc level in children with the different bacterial pathogens. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Paediatrics at Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, from August 2015 to February 2016, including 201 children aged 6 to 59 months with diarrhoea. Stool specimens were isolated for bacteria, using conventional culture techniques, while serum zinc levels were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. Serum zinc level <65 µg/dL was regarded as zinc deficiency. The data collected was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. Results: Out of 201, 58 (28.9%) of the children with diarrhoea had bacteria in the stool. The most common organism isolated was Escherichia coli (33,16.4%) followed by Salmonella (13, 6.5%). All of the children with positive stool culture, irrespective of the type of microbial agent, had zinc deficiency with significant association between infective diarrhoea and zinc deficiency (χ2 =15.437; p-value=0.004). Children with shigella diarrhoea had the lowest mean serum zinc level, compared to other bacterial agents (33.6±4.4 µg/dL, p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Bacterial pathogens contribute significantly to the cause of diarrhoea in under-five Nigerian children, and are significantly associated with zinc deficiency. Thus, reinforcing the need for zinc supplementation and food fortification programs within the population, and maybe for longer in children with identified bacterial diarrhoea.
Paucity and Dearth of Eye Health Education Material (EHEM) In Hindi Language on Internet
Authors: Shukla Abha , Rana Divya , Chhabra Kirti , Kujur Rashmi
Published: May 2022

Aim: The goal of this study is to assess the availability of literature (EHEM) in Hindi language on internet pertaining to eye health education and eye diseases. Today internet is considered as reliable and important source for getting any kind of information by all age groups. People also use it as a mode for collecting knowledge about health problems. Eye health education material (EHEM) is plenty on internet but only in English language. People can better understand EHEM in Hindi. As a part of our mission to fight against blindness it is our responsibility to prepare EHEM in simple native languages and make it easily available on internet. This will be a major step towards improving health literacy of our country. An extensive search for eye health-related information in Hindi language on internet was done. All websites and the Pub Med literature database searched for related work. The information related to eye and eye diseases in Hindi on internet is insufficient for improving the health literacy of our population. Internet is brimming with knowledge imparting sites for eye health care not only in English but in many more foreign languages. Scanty material is available for our Hindi understanding people, this significant gaps needs to be addressed for further development of an effective health information system in India.
Retrobulbar Amphotericin B in Mucormycosis: A Ray of Hope
Authors: Mohan Shalini , Sahai Kunal , Patel Namrata , Chandra Tejasvini , Kumar Priyesh
Published: May 2022

Aim:

The aim of the study was to study the role of Retrobulbar Amphotericin B in patients with Mucormycosis.

Methods:

The retrospective study conducted on 86 cases at a tertiary care hospital analyzed detailed history, examination and management options. The staging was done on basis of clinical and radiological examination. Management included functional endoscopic sinus debridement followed by lavage with Liposomal Amphotericin B. The patients with ocular involvement were subjected to Exenteration or Retrobulbar injections of Amphotericin B (3.5 mg / ml) based on the disease staging.

Results:

Most common risk factors were steroid intake (89.5 %) and Diabetes (87.2%). Seventy four eyes of 71 patients had ocular involvement out of which 20 eyes (27.0%) of 19 patients (26.7%) presented with no perception of light. Seven patients were subject to exenteration of globe and 58 eyes were given Retrobulbar injections (Mean number of injections = 5.58 ± 2.36). The mean best corrected visual acuity of 0.769± 0.935 logMar did not deteriorate (p=0.871) post treatment. The mean restriction of extraocular movements were 2.32± 1.09 which improved to 1.56 ± 1.56 (p=0.0031) following retrobulbar injections.

Conclusion:

The patients of Mucormycosis without cerebral involvement can be subjected to Retrobulbar Amphotericin B injections that can control the ocular manifestations and stabilise the vision thus saving the globe..
Congenital Combined Eyelid Imbrication with Congenital Floppy Eyelid Syndrome- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Anuradha  , Harsh Param , Periyakaruppan Jeevitha , Dhiman Divya
Published: May 2022

A healthy male term neonate born by a normal vaginal delivery was referred with severe bilateral eyelid edema and erythema at birth. On evaluation he was found to have eyelid imbrication with floppy eyelids bilaterally. The patient was managed conservatively and showed complete recovery of symptoms and signs over a period of ten days. This rare clinical entity can be a cause of concern to parents and clinicians but can be satisfactorily managed by conservative measures. This is the fourth case of congenital combined eyelid imbrication (CEI) with congenital floppy eyelid syndrome (CFES) reported worldwide, to our knowledge.
Vascular Occlusions triggered post Covid-19 infection
Authors: Shah Dhaivat , Solanki Manan , Tabrez Shams , Pandit Rinal , Dalal Devanshi
Published: May 2022

One of the ophthalmic complications seen following Covid19 infection is occlusive retinopathy. This occurs due to increased coagulopathy and inflammation which in turn is triggering the vascular events. Since end vessels are involved here, vision loss is significant. We report five such cases seen in our setup within a span of one month with varied presentations and deranged systemic parameters.
Isolated Co-Existence of Cerulean and Sutural Cataract
Authors: Chin Cheau Wei
Published: May 2022

Cerulean and sutural cataracts are developmental cataracts that are relatively rare. In this photo essay we will discuss the nature of cerulean and sutural cataract. Usually no surgery will be needed until adulthood as their visual acuity is usually well-preserved.
Drugs Used in Ocular Local Anaesthesia: An Overview
Authors: Ansari Anam , Gupta Priyanka , Madan Siddharth
Published: May 2022

Ocular local anaesthetics are the drugs which are used for various ocular procedures including examination of cases of ocular trauma, removal of superficial foreign bodies, intraocular pressure assessment and in ocular surgery. Various drugs used for ocular local anaesthesia are summarised.
Vital Stains in Retina and Vitreous
Authors: Dipta Shreyangshi , Bhattacharya Shruti , Chawla Khushboo
Published: May 2022

Dyes used to stain living tissues are known as vital dyes and these have become an effective surgical aid in ocular tissue identification and visualization in ophthalmology. “Chromovitrectomy” is a phrase used for describing the use of vital dyes to stain these transparent tissues and facilitate their manipulation during vitreo-retinal surgery.1 Common vital dyes used in the posterior segment are indocyanine green (ICG) and brilliant blue (BB); and dyes which are still under research include patent blue, bromophenol blue, light green, and Evans's blue.
Biologics in Oculoplasty
Authors: Golhait Priyanka , Singh Gaurav
Published: May 2022

Recent advancements in oncology and immunology have led to the development of biologics, which are newer drugs that target specific molecules involved in tumorigenesis and inflammatory pathways. The current use of targeted therapy has transformed the therapeutic approach for many orbital cancers and inflammatory disorders that were previously treated with conventional treatment modalities. The purpose of this article is to highlight the therapeutic potential of targeted therapy for common orbital cancers and inflammatory conditions.
An Overview of Topical Immunomodulators used in Ophthalmology
Authors: Sahay Pranita , Kumawat Devesh
Published: May 2022

Immunomodulators (IMT) are a novel class of drug that suppress the host immune response and inhibit the inflammatory cascade. They have several advantage over steroids when used for clinical conditions requiring long-term inflammation control. In the field of ophthalmology, IMT have been put to use for various indications like uveitis, dry eye disease, allergic eye disease, ocular surface tumours and other ocular surface disorders. It is also used intra-operatively in glaucoma surgeries, pterygium excision and photo-refractive keratectomy to increase the surgical success. The topical use of these drugs is relatively safe when compared to systemic use; hence, majority of the above conditions are treated with topical IMT. Cyclosporine A, Tacrolimus, Mitomycin C, 5-Fluorouracil and Interferon-alpha are some of the commonly used topical IMT in ophthalmic practice. Topical Lifitegrast is a recently approved drug with immunomodulatory mechanism of action that is used in management of refractory dry eye disease. In this review, we aim to provide the readers an overview of the pharmacology, clinical uses and adverse effects of these commonly used topical IMT.