bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐22: Effects of Self‐Assembled Monolayer on Contact Resistance Between IGZO and Electrode for High‐Resolution Display
Authors: Park Hyuk , Yun Juyoung , Chung Yoonyoung
Published: June 2022

We improved the contact properties by inserting a self‐assembled monolayer at the interface between a‐IGZO and metal electrode. For high‐resolution and high‐speed displays, the transistor channel length needs to be reduced without short channel effects. In case of Al electrode, it easily diffuses into a‐IGZO and forms AlOx at the interface, resulting in a considerable contact resistance increase. In our approach, we successfully suppressed Al diffusion by self‐assembled monolayer treatment on a‐IGZO thin film. The thickness of AlOx was significantly reduced, which was verified by transmission electron microscopy images. With a proper self‐assembled monolayer treatment, the contact resistance was decreased by 36%.
P‐29: Influence of the Static Bending Stress on LTPS TFT
Authors: Guo Shuang , Chen Fa-Hsyang , Yuan Xinxin , Liu Xue , Li Zhengyang , Li Junfeng , Xing Rubo , Shan Qi
Published: June 2022

We investigated the degradation behavior of p‐channel LTPS TFTs on PI substrate under the static bending stress. In order to evaluate the bending durability of flexible LTPS TFTs, device‐bending tests under different bending strains and directions have been performed. The performance of TFT under tensile bending stress degraded (ΔVth≈ 0.38V) worse than compressive bending stress (ΔVth ≈0.07V), which might be originated from both the generation of interface trap states (ΔNit) and channel boundary trap density (ΔNtrap) under tensile bending stress much higher than compression‐bent. In the meanwhile, the stress distribution has also been simulated. According to the results of test and simulation, we speculated the mechanical stress near the source and drain electrodes caused the traps in gate insulator, which in turn cause electron trapping.
P‐39: The IR Drop Compensation Method of AMOLED Display for Dynamic Power Control
Authors: Ma Wei-Jhe , Yang Jun-Yu , Pan Hsin-Yu , Pai Feng-Ting , Lin Ching-Chun
Published: June 2022

In this paper, a new compensation method to solve IR‐drop on AMOLED panel for using dynamic power setup. This paper discusses the dynamic power setup bring the different loading effect and representing the varied level of IR drop on AMOLED panel. If only compensate the IR drop in a fixed current driving condition, the IR drop of the other condition could be worse. In order to improve this problem, the proposed method reduces IR drop phenomenon due to the different power setup by using adjustable compensation ratio for different combination of power setup. Additionally, instead of by full band full tuning, the proposed compensation method is support scaling factors fine tuning for different combination of power & EM setting.
P‐50: Inkjet Printing Design and Analysis for Thin and Uniform Organic Encapsulation Layer on OLEDs
Authors: Yoon Heechang , Song Seungyong , Sung Wooyong , Lee Hyoungsub , Hyun Jinho , Lee Hyemin , Chae Seungyeon
Published: June 2022

This study focuses at the efforts to realize thin and uniform organic encapsulation layer in OLED. Controlling the drop accuracy and the volume size is a necessary process in this research. By using new inkjet process approaches, we obtained the best printing properties of thin film encapsulation (TFE).
P‐56: Simulation and Improvement of TCO Luminance Angular Uniformity Based on Techwiz and LightTools Software
Authors: SUN Han-yan , CHEN Wei-tao , ZHANG Ming-hui , LIU Xiao-na , CUI Xiao-peng , MA YU
Published: June 2022

In this paper, the simulation model of TCO Luminance angular uniformity is established using TechWiz and LightTools software. The simulation result is highly consistent with the measured value, which can realize the early evaluation of the design scheme, avoid the repeated modification of design due to noncompliance with the specifications after MDL production, and save R & D cost and time. Through this simulation, the influencing factors related to the panel and BLU of TCO Luminance angular uniformity are deeply studied. Based on the BLU with DPP film structure, a high brightness and low‐cost MNT TFT‐LCD design scheme meeting TCO certification and CR 2200 under ES8.0 is given.
P‐103: Imaging Quality Optimization of Full Display with Camera Based on Optical Simulation
Authors: Shi Bo , Hu Ming , Xie Taofeng , Yu Chi , Shi Quan , Zhang Wei , Huang Weiyun , Guan Hui , Tan Cuicui , Xiao Xingliang , Dong Xiangdan , Ko Youngyik , Qiu Haijun
Published: June 2022

Full display with camera (FDC),which puts the camera under display, leads the way of smart phone. In this paper, we establish a simulation model with which OLED design can be evaluated and optimized to improve the imaging quality of FDC.
P‐107: Switchable Privacy Monitor Display Using Viewing‐Angle Control Film
Authors: Baek Seung-Hwa , Jung Jongwook , Kim Sung-Il , Lee Dong-Jin , Kim Gwang Tae , Park Jeong-Ki
Published: June 2022

We fabricated a privacy film that can be electrically switched between a wide viewing angle (Share) mode and a narrow viewing angle (Privacy) mode using Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) and louver. Both transmittance and privacy performance can be maximized through the optimization of the Back Light Unit (BLU) optical characteristics and the lamination of each PDLC and louver film. We named this technology as Viewing angle Control Film (VCF). Each share and privacy mode can perform its maximum feature independently through this VCF technology.
P‐110: Analysis of Light Leakage in the Dark State with W Pixel in the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Authors: Liu Mei , Zhu Jiuhui , Deng Qian , Cheng Wei , Wang Chao , Liu Guanghui
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we analyze the influence factors on light leakage of dark state for RGBW design by using different pixel designs and different backlights (BL) . W pixel is introduced on the basis of RGB pixels, which causes the deterioration of leakage in dark state. To further study the influence factors, we separate LCD panel as array glass and color filter glass (CF) and measure their transmittances under different types of BLs. Additionally, we choose different types of LC and investigate the influence of the scattering index of LC on light leakage of dark state.
Partnering with a Senior Living Community to Optimise Teledermatology Via Full Body Skin Screening During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Programme
Authors: Trinh Pavin , Yekrang Kiana , Phung Michelle , Pugliese Silvina , Chang Anne Lynn S. , Bailey Elizabeth E. , Ko Justin M. , Sarin Kavita Y.
Published: June 2022

Background

Elderly patients in senior communities faced high barriers to care during the COVID-19 pandemic, including increased vulnerability to COVID-19, long quarantines for clinic visits, and difficulties with telemedicine adoption.

Objective

To pilot a new model of dermatologic care to overcome barriers for senior living communities during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess patient satisfaction.

Methods

From 16 November 2020 to 9 July 2021, this quality improvement programme combined in-residence full body imaging with real-time outlier lesion identification and virtual teledermatology. Residents from the Sequoias Portola Valley Senior Living Retirement Community (Portola Valley, California) voluntarily enroled in the Stanford Skin Scan Programme. Non-physician clinical staff with a recent negative COVID-19 test travelled on-site to obtain in-residence full body photographs using a mobile app-based system on an iPad called SkinIO that leverages deep learning to analyse patient images and suggest suspicious, outlier lesions for dermoscopic photos. A single dermatologist reviewed photographs with the patient and provided recommendations via a video visit. Objective measures included follow-up course and number of skin cancers detected. Subjective findings were obtained through patient experience surveys.

Results

Twenty-seven individuals participated, three skin cancers were identified, with 11 individuals scheduled for a follow up in-person visit and four individuals starting home treatment. Overall, 88% of patients were satisfied with the Skin Scan programme, with 77% likely to recommend the programme to others. 92% of patients agreed that the Skin Scan photographs were representative of their skin. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 100% of patients felt the process was safer or comparable to an in-person visit. Despite overall appreciation for the programme, 31% of patients reported that they would prefer to see dermatologist in-person after the pandemic.

Conclusions

This programme offers a framework for how a hybrid skin scan programme may provide high utility for individuals with barriers to accessing in-person clinics.
In Situ Induced Lattice‐Matched Interfacial Oxygen‐Passivation‐Layer Endowing Li‐Rich and Mn‐Based Cathodes with Ultralong Life
Authors: He Wei , Zhuang Yanping , Mei Jie , Guo Weibin , Chen Feng , Chang Zhanying , Fan Mengjian , Liu Chuan , Wang Laisen , Liu Pengfei , Zhu Zi‐Zhong , Xie Qingshui , Peng Dong‐Liang
Published: June 2022

The high capacity of Li‐rich and Mn‐based (LRM) cathode materials is originally due to the unique hybrid anion‐ and cation redox, which also induces detrimental oxygen escape. Furthermore, the counter diffusion of released oxygen (into electrolyte) and induced oxygen vacancies (into the interior bulk phase) that occurs at the interface will cause uncontrolled phase collapse and other issues. Therefore, due to its higher working voltage (>4.7 V) than the activation voltage of lattice oxygen in LRM (≈4.5 V), the anion‐redox‐free and structurally consistent cobalt‐free LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is selected to in situ construct a robust, crystal‐dense and lattice‐matched oxygen‐passivation‐layer (OPL) on the surface of LRM particles by the electrochemical delithiation to protect the core layered components. As expected, the modified sample displays continuously decreasing interfacial impedance and high specific capacity of 135.5 mAh g‐1 with a very small voltage decay of 0.67 mV per cycle after 1000 cycles at 2 C rate. Moreover, the stress accumulation during cycling is mitigated effectively. This semicoherent OPL strengthens the surface stability and interrupts the counter diffusion of oxygen and oxygen vacancies in LRM cathode materials, which would provide guidance for designing high‐energy‐density layered cathode materials.
Consistency results of the M‐regression function estimator for stationary continuous‐time and ergodic data
Authors: Mokhtari Fatiha , Rouane Rachida , Rahmani Saâdia , Rachdi Mustapha
Published: June 2022

This paper is devoted to the study of asymptotic properties of the kernel estimator of the robust regression function for stationary continuous‐time and ergodic data. Such a dependence structure is an alternative to the strong mixing conditions usually assumed in functional time series analysis. More precisely, we consider the kernel type estimator of the robust regression function constructed from the stationary and continuous‐time ergodic data
for
. Then, we establish the almost sure (with rate) pointwise convergence of this estimator. A simulation study was conducted in order to compare the performance of this method to the classical regression method.
Models of Science Policy: From the Linear Model to Responsible Research and Innovation
Authors: Macnaghten Phil
Published: June 2022

In this paper I discuss four different paradigms through which science and technology have been governed, situating each in historical context. Starting with the ubiquitous ‘linear model of innovation’ I locate its origins and provenance, how it came to be replaced, at least in part, through a ‘grand challenges’ paradigm of science policy and funding; how this paradigm in turn has been subjected to rigorous analytical critique by a co-production model of science and society, and how it is being put into practice, in part, through a framework of responsible research and innovation.
Harmonising Global Public Policy: Producing Global Standards, Local Data and Statistical Capacity Development
Authors: Bandola-Gill Justyna , Grek Sotiria , Tichenor Marlee
Published: June 2022

This chapter explores the ideas and practices of ‘harmonisation’ by International Organisations (IOs). The concept of harmonisation emerges as one of the central ways in which International Organisations govern the multiplicity of country-level measures to create universal, global-level metrics. By coordinating the multiplicity of actors (including country governments, civil society and various experts), the IOs aim to achieve the development of the universal measures, allowing for comparison between the countries and monitoring of progress across the goals whilst sustaining the country ownership of data and indicators and their active participation in shaping the agenda. In order to achieve this goal, the process of harmonisation requires constant navigation between country-level measures, grounded in specific political and historical contexts, and global standards, striving for universality and internationalisation of measurement.
Scripting the SDGs: The Role of Narratives in Governing by Goals
Authors: Bandola-Gill Justyna , Grek Sotiria , Tichenor Marlee
Published: June 2022

One of the central qualities of the ‘political work’ of numbers in global governance is the fact that they can rarely persuade by themselves; instead, we always find them in need of constructing persuasive narratives of crisis, development and progress. This chapter explores the way in which number achieve their political goals through three types of narrative-making practices: through the use of visuals, the application of discourses and through storytelling. As we argue in this chapter, these practices are not ‘add-ons’ but rather are inherently interlinked with the numerical practices. As such, this chapter tends to the ways in which numbers and their stories are mutually constitutive to enable popularisation of numbers, increase their political capacity and enable participation in the process of ‘governing by numbers’.
Quasinormal modes for massive charged scalar fields in Reissner-Nordström dS black holes: anomalous decay rate
Authors: González P. A. , Papantonopoulos Eleftherios , Saavedra Joel , Vásquez Yerko
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The anomalous decay rate of the quasinormal modes occurs when the longest-lived modes are the ones with higher angular number. Such behaviour has been recently studied in different static spacetimes, for uncharged scalar and fermionic perturbations, being observed in both cases. In this work we consider the propagation of charged massive scalar fields in the background of Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black holes and we mainly study the effect of the scalar field charge in the spectrum of quasinormal frequencies, as well as, its effect on the anomalous decay rate. Mainly, we show that the anomalous behaviour is present for massive charged scalar fields as well, and a critical value of scalar field mass exists, beyond which the behaviour is inverted. However, there is also a critical value of the parameter qQ of the charge of the scalar field and of the charge of the black hole, which increases when the cosmological constant increases, and beyond the critical value the anomalous behaviour of the decay rate could be avoided for the fundamental mode.
Resurgence and semiclassical expansion in two-dimensional large-N sigma models
Authors: Nishimura Hiromichi , Fujimori Toshiaki , Misumi Tatsuhiro , Nitta Muneto , Sakai Norisuke
Published: June 2022

Abstract

The resurgence structure of the 2d O(N) sigma model at large N is studied with a focus on an IR momentum cutoff scale a that regularizes IR singularities in the semiclassical expansion. Transseries expressions for condensates and correlators are derived as series of the dynamical scale Λ (nonperturbative exponential) and coupling λμ renormalized at the momentum scale μ. While there is no ambiguity when a > Λ, we find for a < Λ that the nonperturbative sectors have new imaginary ambiguities besides the well-known renormalon ambiguity in the perturbative sector. These ambiguities arise as a result of an analytic continuation of transseries coefficients to small values of the IR cutoff a below the dynamical scale Λ. We find that the imaginary ambiguities are cancelled each other when we take all of them into account. By comparing the semiclassical expansion with the transseries for the exact large-N result, we find that some ambiguities vanish in the a → 0 limit and hence the resurgence structure changes when going from the semiclassical expansion to the exact result with no IR cutoff. An application of our approach to the ℂPN−1 sigma model is also discussed. We find in the compactified model with the ℤN twisted boundary condition that the resurgence structure changes discontinuously as the compactification radius is varied.
Alpine plant communities differ in their seed germination requirements along a snowmelt gradient in the Caucasus
Authors: Rosbakh Sergey , Fernández-Pascual Eduardo , Mondoni Andrea , Onipchenko Vladimir
Published: June 2022

Mesoscale heterogeneity of alpine landscapes generates snowmelt gradients resulting in a distinct vegetation zonation from almost snow-free fellfields to long-lasting snowbeds. Although the vegetative trait variation along such gradients has been intensively studied, little is known about whether and how seed germination is adapted to the variable snowpack duration. Here, we compare the seed germination niches of 18 characteristic plant species occurring in four distinct plant communities (alpine lichen heath—Festuca varia grassland—Geranium-Hedysarum meadow—snowbed) along an alpine snowmelt gradient in the North Caucasus (Russia). In a fully factorial experiment, we tested seed germination responses to temperature (10/2, 14/6, 18/10, 22/14, 26/18 and 30/22 °C) and water potential (0, − 0.2, − 0.4, − 0.6 and − 0.8 MPa) gradients, reflecting the full spectrum of seedling establishment conditions in the study system. Community-specific germination niches were identified by generalised mixed model with Bayesian estimation. Our study revealed that the species from the four focal communities significantly differed in their temperature requirements for germination, whereas soil moisture was found to be a limiting factor for seedling establishment along the entire gradient. The snowbed germination was constrained to comparatively high temperatures above 10 °C, whereas seed germination in alpine lichen heaths occurred under a wide range of experimental conditions. The seed germination patterns of species from Festuca varia grasslands and Geranium-Hedysarum meadows reflected their intermediate position along the snowmelt gradient. We conclude that seed germination niche is affected by the environmental filtering along the snowmelt gradient thus departing from the general alpine germination syndrome.
CT-like MR-derived Images for the Assessment of Craniosynostosis and other Pathologies of the Pediatric Skull
Authors: Leonhardt Yannik , Kronthaler Sophia , Feuerriegel Georg , Karampinos Dimitrios C. , Schwaiger Benedikt J. , Pfeiffer Daniela , Makowski Marcus R. , Koerte Inga K. , Liebig Thomas , Woertler Klaus , Steinborn Marc-Matthias , Gersing Alexandra S.
Published: June 2022

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic value of CT-like images based on a 3D T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo-based sequence (T1SGRE) for the visualization of the pediatric skull and the identification of pathologies, such as craniosynostosis or fractures.

Methods

In this prospective study, 20 patients with suspected craniosynostosis (mean age 1.26 ± 1.38 years, 10 females) underwent MR imaging including the T1SGRE sequence and 2 more patients were included who presented with skull fractures (0.5 and 6.3 years, both male). Additionally, the skull of all patients was assessed using radiography or CT in combination with ultrasound. Two radiologists, blinded to the clinical information, evaluated the CT-like images. The results were compared to the diagnosis derived from the other imaging modalities and intraoperative findings. Intrarater and interrater agreement was calculated using Cohen’s κ.

Results

Of the 22 patients 8 had a metopic, 4 a coronal and 2 a sagittal craniosynostosis and 2 patients showed a complex combination of craniosynostoses. The agreement between the diagnosis based on the T1SGRE and the final diagnosis was substantial (Cohen’s κ = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77–1.00 for radiologist 1 and κ = 0.76, CI 0.51–1.00 for radiologist 2). Of the patients with fractures, one presented with a ping pong fracture and one with a fracture of the temporal bone. Both radiologists could identify the fractures using the T1SGRE.

Conclusion

The visualization of the pediatric skull and the assessment of sutures using a CT-like T1SGRE MR-sequence is feasible and comparable to other imaging modalities, and thus may help to reduce radiation exposure in pediatric patients. The technique may also be a promising imaging tool for other pathologies, such as fractures.
Are AI systems biased against the poor? A machine learning analysis using Word2Vec and GloVe embeddings
Authors: Curto Georgina , Jojoa Acosta Mario Fernando , Comim Flavio , Garcia-Zapirain Begoña
Published: June 2022

Among the myriad of technical approaches and abstract guidelines proposed to the topic of AI bias, there has been an urgent call to translate the principle of fairness into the operational AI reality with the involvement of social sciences specialists to analyse the context of specific types of bias, since there is not a generalizable solution. This article offers an interdisciplinary contribution to the topic of AI and societal bias, in particular against the poor, providing a conceptual framework of the issue and a tailor-made model from which meaningful data are obtained using Natural Language Processing word vectors in pretrained Google Word2Vec, Twitter and Wikipedia GloVe word embeddings. The results of the study offer the first set of data that evidences the existence of bias against the poor and suggest that Google Word2vec shows a higher degree of bias when the terms are related to beliefs, whereas bias is higher in Twitter GloVe when the terms express behaviour. This article contributes to the body of work on bias, both from and AI and a social sciences perspective, by providing evidence of a transversal aggravating factor for historical types of discrimination. The evidence of bias against the poor also has important consequences in terms of human development, since it often leads to discrimination, which constitutes an obstacle for the effectiveness of poverty reduction policies.
Live process modeling with the BPMN Sketch Miner
Authors: Ivanchikj Ana , Serbout Souhaila , Pautasso Cesare
Published: June 2022

BPMN Sketch Miner is a modeling environment for generating visual business process models starting from constrained natural language textual input. Its purpose is to support business process modelers who need to rapidly sketch visual BPMN models during interviews and design workshops, where participants should not only provide input but also give feedback on whether the sketched visual model represents accurately what has been described during the discussion. In this article, we present a detailed description of the BPMN Sketch Miner design decisions and list the different control flow patterns supported by the current version of its textual DSL. We also summarize the user study and survey results originally published in MODELS 2020 concerning the tool usability and learnability and present a new performance evaluation regarding the visual model generation pipeline under actual usage conditions. The goal is to determine whether it can support a rapid model editing cycle, with live synchronization between the textual description and the visual model. This study is based on a benchmark including a large number of models (1350 models) exported by users of the tool during the year 2020. The main results indicate that the performance is sufficient for a smooth live modeling user experience and that the end-to-end execution time of the text-to-model-to-visual pipeline grows linearly with the model size, up to the largest models (with 195 lines of textual description) found in the benchmark workload.
Towards an understanding of multimodal traits of female reproduction in chimpanzees
Authors: Kücklich Marlen , Jänig Susann , Kulik Lars , Birkemeyer Claudia , Weiß Brigitte M. , Widdig Anja
Published: June 2022

Although primates have long been regarded as microsmatic, recent studies indicate that olfaction is an important sensory mode of primate communication, e.g., in the context of reproduction. However, large gaps remain in our understanding of primate olfactory traits, especially in the great apes. Female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) possess an exaggerated sexual swelling, which is an imprecise signal of fertility that is thought to serve to confuse paternity. However, some high-ranking males that copulate most frequently on the days when females are most fertile seem to have more precise information on the timing of ovulation, which suggests the existence of an olfactory fertility trait. In order to examine, and provide evidence for, fertility-related chemical information in female chimpanzees, we used gas chromatography—mass spectrometry to analyze the chemical composition of female body odor collected across the menstrual cycle during various stages of sexual swelling (97 samples of six females). The chemical composition was significantly affected by swelling stage, and eight substances were detected that were strongly related to the latter. The existence of an additional, olfactory, fertility trait may help males to fine-tune their sexual behavior or allow females to strengthen concealment of the exact timing of ovulation, and needs to be further investigated in follow-up studies. The results of our study provide much-needed evidence for the existence of an olfactory cue related to reproduction in chimpanzees, and form a basis for future studies on the interplay between visual and olfactory information on female fertility.
A real-time remote surveillance system for fruit flies of economic importance: sensitivity and image analysis
Authors: Diller Yoshua , Shamsian Aviv , Shaked Ben , Altman Yam , Danziger Bat-Chen , Manrakhan Aruna , Serfontein Leani , Bali Elma , Wernicke Matthias , Egartner Alois , Colacci Marco , Sciarretta Andrea , Chechik Gal , Alchanatis Victor , Papadopoulos Nikos T. , Nestel David
Published: June 2022

Timely detection of an invasion event, or a pest outbreak, is an extremely challenging operation of major importance for implementing management action toward eradication and/or containment. Fruit flies—FF—(Diptera: Tephritidae) comprise important invasive and quarantine species that threaten the world fruit and vegetables production. The current manuscript introduces a recently developed McPhail-type electronic trap (e-trap) and provides data on its field performance to surveil three major invasive FF (Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis and B. zonata). Using FF male lures, the e-trap attracts the flies and retains them on a sticky surface placed in the internal part of the trap. The e-trap captures frames of the trapped adults and automatically uploads the images to the remote server for identification conducted on a novel algorithm involving deep learning. Both the e-trap and the developed code were tested in the field in Greece, Austria, Italy, South Africa and Israel. The FF classification code was initially trained using a machine-learning algorithm and FF images derived from laboratory colonies of two of the species (C. capitata and B. zonata). Field tests were then conducted to investigate the electronic, communication and attractive performance of the e-trap, and the model accuracy to classify FFs. Our results demonstrated a relatively good communication, electronic performance and trapping efficacy of the e-trap. The classification model provided average precision results (93–95%) for the three target FFs from images uploaded remotely from e-traps deployed in field conditions. The developed and field tested e-trap system complies with the suggested attributes required for an advanced camera-based smart-trap.
Empirically based dimensions of externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: a multitrait-multisource approach
Authors: Thöne Ann-Kathrin , Junghänel Michaela , Görtz-Dorten Anja , Breuer Dieter , del Giudice Teresa , Hanisch Charlotte , Hennemann Thomas , Döpfner Manfred
Published: June 2022

The present study sought to refine knowledge about the structure underlying externalizing dimensions. From a “top-down” ICD/DSM-based perspective, externalizing symptoms can be categorized into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). From a “bottom-up” developmental theory-based perspective, disruptive behaviors can be meaningfully described as aggressive (AGG) and rule-breaking (RB) behaviors. We analyzed five large data sets comprising externalizing symptom ratings obtained with a screening instrument using different sources (parents, teachers, self-ratings) from different samples. Using confirmatory factor analyses, we evaluated several factor models (unidimensional; correlated factors; bifactor (S-1) models) derived from an ICD/DSM- and theory-based perspective. Our optimally fitting models were assessed for measurement invariance across all sources, sample settings, and sex. Following several model-based criteria (model fit indices; factor loadings; omega statistics; model parsimony), we discarded our models stepwise and concluded that both the ICD/DSM-based model with three correlated factors (ADHD, ODD, CD) and the developmental theory-based model with three correlated factors (ADHD, AGG, RB) displayed a statistically sound factor structure and allowed for straightforward interpretability. Furthermore, these two models demonstrated metric invariance across all five samples and across sample settings (community, clinical), as well as scalar invariance across sources and sex. While the dimensions AGG and RB may depict a more empirically coherent view than the categorical perspective of ODD and CD, at this point we cannot clearly determine whether one perspective really outperforms the other. Implications for model selection according to our model-based criteria and clinical research are discussed.
Literature review and bibliometric analysis on data-driven assessment of landslide susceptibility
Authors: Lima Pedro , Steger Stefan , Glade Thomas , Murillo-García Franny G.
Published: June 2022

In recent decades, data-driven landslide susceptibility models (DdLSM), which are based on statistical or machine learning approaches, have become popular to estimate the relative spatial probability of landslide occurrence. The available literature is composed of a wealth of published studies and that has identified a large variety of challenges and innovations in this field. This review presents a comprehensive up-to-date overview focusing on the topic of DdLSM. This research begins with an introduction of the theoretical aspects of DdLSM research and is followed by an in-depth bibliometric analysis of 2585 publications. This analysis is based on the Web of Science, Clarivate Analytics database and provides insights into the transient characteristics and research trends within published spatial landslide assessments. Following the bibliometric analysis, a more detailed review of the most recent publications from 1985 to 2020 is given. A variety of different criteria are explored in detail, including research design, study area extent, inventory characteristics, classification algorithms, predictors utilized, and validation technique performed. This section, dealing with a quantitative-oriented review expands the time-frame of the review publication done by Reichenbach et al. in 2018 by also accounting for the four years, 2017–2020. The originality of this research is acknowledged by combining together: (a) a recap of important theoretical aspects of DdLSM; (b) a bibliometric analysis on the topic; (c) a quantitative-oriented review of relevant publications; and (d) a systematic summary of the findings, indicating important aspects and potential developments related to the DdLSM research topic. The results show that DdLSM are used within a wide range of applications with study area extents ranging from a few kilometers to national and even continental scales. In more than 70% of publications, a combination of the predictors, slope angle, aspect and geology are used. Simple classifiers, such as, logistic regression or approaches based on frequency ratio are still popular, despite the upcoming trend of applying machine learning algorithms. When analyzing validation techniques, 38% of the publications were not clear about the validation method used. Within the studies that included validation techniques, the AUROC was the most popular validation metric, being used accounting for 44% of the studies. Finally, it can be concluded that the application of new classification techniques is often cited as a main research scope, even though the most relevant innovation could also lie in tackling data-quality issues and research designs adaptations to fit the input data particularities in order to improve prediction quality.
Is it time to consider population screening for fracture risk in postmenopausal women? A position paper from the International Osteoporosis Foundation Epidemiology/Quality of Life Working Group
Authors: Chotiyarnwong P. , McCloskey E. V. , Harvey N. C. , Lorentzon M. , Prieto-Alhambra D. , Abrahamsen B. , Adachi J. D. , Borgström F. , Bruyere O. , Carey J. J. , Clark P. , Cooper C. , Curtis E. M. , Dennison E. , Diaz-Curiel M. , Dimai H. P. , Grigorie D. , Hiligsmann M. , Khashayar P. , Lewiecki E. M. , Lips P. , Lorenc R. S. , Ortolani S. , Papaioannou A. , Silverman S. , Sosa M. , Szulc P. , Ward K. A. , Yoshimura N. , Kanis J. A.
Published: June 2022

Summary

The IOF Epidemiology and Quality of Life Working Group has reviewed the potential role of population screening for high hip fracture risk against well-established criteria. The report concludes that such an approach should strongly be considered in many health care systems to reduce the burden of hip fractures.

Introduction

The burden of long-term osteoporosis management falls on primary care in most healthcare systems. However, a wide and stable treatment gap exists in many such settings; most of which appears to be secondary to a lack of awareness of fracture risk. Screening is a public health measure for the purpose of identifying individuals who are likely to benefit from further investigations and/or treatment to reduce the risk of a disease or its complications. The purpose of this report was to review the evidence for a potential screening programme to identify postmenopausal women at increased risk of hip fracture.

Methods

The approach took well-established criteria for the development of a screening program, adapted by the UK National Screening Committee, and sought the opinion of 20 members of the International Osteoporosis Foundation’s Working Group on Epidemiology and Quality of Life as to whether each criterion was met (yes, partial or no). For each criterion, the evidence base was then reviewed and summarized.

Results and Conclusion

The report concludes that evidence supports the proposal that screening for high fracture risk in primary care should strongly be considered for incorporation into many health care systems to reduce the burden of fractures, particularly hip fractures. The key remaining hurdles to overcome are engagement with primary care healthcare professionals, and the implementation of systems that facilitate and maintain the screening program.
An update on adrenocortical cell lines of human origin
Authors: Sigala Sandra , Rossini Elisa , Abate Andrea , Tamburello Mariangela , Bornstein Stefan R. , Hantel Constanze
Published: June 2022

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, heterogenous and highly malignant disease. Management of ACC is dependent on disease stage with complete surgical resection as the only potentially curative option. However, advanced, un-resectable, metastatic stages and also recurrences often require systemic treatments, which are unfortunately nowadays still unsatisfactory. The scarcity of preclinical models reflecting patient heterogeneities and furthermore drug-resistant phenotypes, has hampered the progress and development of new therapies in recent years. In this review, we provide an overview on the classical models and substantial progress which has been made over the last years in context of this aggressive disease.
‘If you don’t feel respect then morally, it just takes a lot out of everything you’re doing”: learning in a pedagogical approach inspired by Reggio Emilia middle years school settings
Authors: Rouse Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Practice and pedagogy, influenced and informed by the approaches used in the preschool programs of Reggio Emilia is widespread across many early childhood settings in Australia, however, is less commonly used in Australian primary and secondary schools. Little research exists which focuses on the experiences of students in schools where this pedagogical approach is adopted. This paper draws from the findings of a 2019 study undertaken across three Australian schools implementing a pedagogical approach inspired by Reggio Emilia. The voices of students from one of these schools will be used to shed light on their perceived learner identity. The study found that the expressed learner identities were multifaceted. On one hand the students considered themselves to be informed, confident and passionate learners, shaping their world as democratic citizens. However, they also positioned themselves as citizens of the future, sharing perceptions regarding their capacity to compete as successful productive members of an economic society.
Publishing in the academy: An arts-based, metaphorical reflection towards self-care
Authors: Barton Georgina , Brömdal Annette , Burke Katie , Fanshawe Melissa , Farwell Vicki , Larsen Ellen , Pillay Yosheen
Published: June 2022

Publishing in the academy is a high-stakes activity often used to measure academic staff progress and inform promotion. Many universities have increased pressure on academics, even at the earliest stages of their careers, to publish in high-ranking journals resulting in increased stress and uncertainty. The authors of this paper are members of a writing group in an Australian regional university, established to support each other towards success in quality research and publishing. Over the 2020–2021 summer semester, six members of the group decided to reflect on their experiences, emotions and outcomes throughout the writing process by participating in four reflective arts-based activities. Theoretical frameworks of reflection and metaphor were used to share findings. Strong evidence of having to grapple with meeting university expectations in tension with personal goals and passions was ever-present. The importance of drawing on both personal resources and significant others to manage these tensions through self-care practices was also evident. Implications resulting from this research include recognising the pressures placed on academics to publish only in specifically ranked journals. Overall, the arts-based reflection was critical in uncovering deeper feelings about the pressures of publishing and supporting higher education employees’ well-being and self-care during the writing process.
Emerging technologies for the production of biojet fuels from wood—can greenhouse gas emission reductions meet policy requirements?
Authors: Björnsson Lovisa , Ericsson Karin
Published: June 2022

The transition from fossil jet fuel to biojet fuel is an important step towards reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation. To enable such a fuel shift, the Swedish Government introduced a GHG emission reduction mandate of 27% by 2030 for aviation fuel sold in Sweden, forcing fuel suppliers to blend in biojet fuel in fossil jet fuel. A similar policy instrument is being discussed within the EU. Biojet fuels with life cycle GHG emissions 90% lower than those for fossil jet fuel are projected to be available by 2025, which by far exceeds the requirement of 65% lower emissions in the EU Renewable Energy Directive. The purpose of this study was to carry out life cycle assessments for a number of wood-fuel-based production chains near commercialization and to determine whether they meet the Swedish projection and the EU requirement. The study illustrates what can be achieved in a region with high availability of wood fuels and access to heat and power with low GHG emissions. The production chains studied include the production of hydrocarbon intermediates via (i) fast pyrolysis, (ii) hydrothermal liquefaction, (iii) thermal gasification followed by Fischer–Tropsch-synthesis, and (iv) cellulosic ethanol fermentation followed by upgrading of these four intermediates to biojet fuel and other liquid biofuels. The results show that all the production chains studied can deliver biojet fuels with 89–91% lower GHG emissions than fossil jet fuels. Non-fossil hydrogen is required to achieve low emissions in the upgrading of intermediates from fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction.
Glioblastoma, from disease understanding towards optimal cell-based in vitro models
Authors: Boccellato Chiara , Rehm Markus
Published: June 2022

Background

Glioblastoma (GBM) patients are notoriously difficult to treat and ultimately all succumb to disease. This unfortunate scenario motivates research into better characterizing and understanding this disease, and into developing novel research tools by which potential novel therapeutics and treatment options initially can be evaluated pre-clinically. Here, we provide a concise overview of glioblastoma epidemiology, disease classification, the challenges faced in the treatment of glioblastoma and current novel treatment strategies. From this, we lead into a description and assessment of advanced cell-based models that aim to narrow the gap between pre-clinical and clinical studies. Such invitro models are required to deliver reliable and meaningful data for the development and pre-validation of novel therapeutics and treatments.

Conclusions

The toolbox for GBM cell-based models has expanded substantially, with the possibility of 3D printing tumour tissues and thereby replicating invivo tissue architectures now looming on the horizon. A comparison of experimental cell-based model systems and techniques highlights advantages and drawbacks of the various tools available, based on which cell-based models and experimental approaches best suited to address a diversity of research questions in the glioblastoma research field can be selected.
Free Movement of Audiovisual Content for Benefit of European Consumers of Culture
Authors: Mylly Ulla-Maija , Herrero Mónica
Published: June 2022

One of the EU’s founding premises was the establishment of the internal market, in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured. However, in the present online era, the internal market remains far from frictionless. To address this failure, the EU launched the Digital Market Strategy in 2015. One component of this strategy is the removal of barriers for the flow of online content across borders. This article highlights the fact that free movement of audiovisual online content is of paramount importance for European end users, and an important component for the free movement of persons in the EU. Free movement of audiovisual content would enable Europeans who have migrated to another European country to access content from their home country. In addition, the free flow of audiovisual online content would serve the interests of various language minorities. Serving the end users of audiovisual content in this manner would be in line with important objectives of the EU, such as the protection of European cultural diversity and the public sphere. This article notes that when the EU has regulated digital audiovisual markets, the emphasis has been on the protection of copyright-related interests. This has meant that other stakeholder interests linked to cultural diversity and non-discrimination have been undervalued and played only a limited role. The article posits that, with regard to audiovisual content, more weight than before should be given to the free movement of persons and to minority language rights. This would also align with achieving a digital single market in audiovisual online services.
An agent-based modeling framework for the design of a dynamic closed-loop supply chain network
Authors: Bozdoğan Ayşegül , Görkemli Aykut Latife , Demirel Neslihan
Published: June 2022

The supply chain is a dynamic and uncertain system consisting of material, information, and fund flows between different organizations, from the acquisition of the raw materials to the delivery of the finished products to the end customers. Closed-loop supply chains do not end with the delivery of the finished products to the end customers, the process continues until economic value is obtained from the returned products or they are disposed properly in landfills. Incorporating reverse flows in supply chains increases the uncertainty and complexity, as well as complicating the management of supply chains that are already composed of different actors and have a dynamic structure. Since agent-based modeling and simulation is a more efficient method of handling the dynamic and complex nature of supply chains than the traditional analytical methods, in this study agent-based modeling methodology has been used to model a generic closed-loop supply chain network design problem with the aims of integrating customer behavior into the network, coping with the dynamism, and obtaining a more realistic structure by eliminating the required assumptions for solving the model with analytical methods. The actors in the CLSC network have been defined as agents with goals, properties and behaviors. In the proposed model dynamic customer arrivals, the changing aspects of customers' purchasing preferences for new and refurbished products and the time, quantity and quality uncertainties of returns have been handled via the proposed agent-based architecture. To observe the behavior of the supply chain in several conditions various scenarios have been developed according to different parameter settings for the supplier capacities, the rate of customers being affected by advertising, the market incentive threshold values, and the environmental awareness of customers. From the scenarios, it has been concluded that the system should be fed in the right amounts for the new and refurbished products to increase the effectiveness of factors such as advertising, incentives, and environmental awareness for achieving the desired sales amounts and cost targets.