bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORCE TO CO-AUTHORSHIP
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ablaiev Bekir
Published: July 2022

Within the framework of this article, topical issues of the theoretical and practical component of coercion to co-authorship are considered. The scientific works of scientists in the relevant field have been studied, the fundamental signs of coercion to co-authorship, its place in the general legal structure of co-authorship in the field of copyright have been identified and analyzed. Special attention is paid to the issue of the conditions for bringing to legal responsibility for the commission of actions that, by their characteristics, can be considered coercion to co-authorship. In this paper, the author compares the regulatory framework of the current national legislation and the legislation of neighboring states regarding the sanctions policy against persons exercising appropriate coercion to co-authorship. Given the importance of a comprehensive study of the chosen topic, the article analyzes the relationship between coercion to co-authorship, plagiarism and restriction of the creative activity of a person. The author, referring to the practical component of the problem, notes the importance of highlighting actions that may fall under the influence of physical or moral-psychological influence on a person in order to coerce co-authorship. An important component of the scientific article is a reference to the norms of the current legislation, an appeal to the fundamental rights and legitimate interests of a person and a citizen (in particular, the citizen's right to freedom of literary, artistic, scientific and technical creativity, protection of intellectual property). The scientific article highlights the legal structures of agreements on the disposal of property rights in the field of intellectual property, considers issues governing the personal non-property and property rights of copyright subjects. The author, analyzing the theoretical, normative and practical component of the chosen subject, came to the conclusion about the importance of modernizing the current legislation of Ukraine through a comprehensive study of this issue at the scientific and legislative level.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR LAWYERS' OBSERVANCE OF THE PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Verhoglyad-Gerasymenko Оlena , Panova Alisa ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: July 2022

The article analyzes the standards of compliance with the principle of the presumption of innocence by a lawyer, which are put forward by the European Court of Human Rights (valid at all stages of criminal proceedings; violated if the statement of a public official (not only the court) in relation to a person accused of a crime reflects the opinion that the person is guilty if it has not been established in accordance with the law; whether a statement by a public official violates the presumption of innocence should be determined in the context of the specific circumstances in which such a statement was made; suggests that public officials working in the judiciary are required to demonstrate restraint in exercising their freedom of expression in all cases in which the authority and impartiality of the judiciary may be called into question; cannot prevent the relevant authorities from informing the public about the progress of criminal investigations; criminal case, but extends to judicial decisions taken after the prosecution has been terminated or after conviction; requires judges, in the performance of their tasks, to move away from the preconceived notion that the accused has committed the crime he is accused of) and typical cases of their violation in the national law enforcement practice.
DISCLOSING RESULTS OF THE USE OF SPECIAL (SECRET) INVESTIGATION TECHNIQUES: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND PRACTICE
Authors:   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Marochkin Oleksii , Povzyk Yevhen ,   Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University
Published: July 2022

The article examines the peculiarities of the disclosing results of the use of special investigation techniques. The provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights, relevant international documents, as well as precedent practice of the European Court of Human Rights on the given topic are analyzed in detail. Disclosing results of the use of special investigation techniques is an important condition for their use in evidence. Accordingly, the legislator established a procedure aimed at ensuring the realization of the right to a fair trial in its procedural aspect. This provides an opportunity for the parties to the future trial to know about the evidence of each of them and to prepare the legal position that will be defended by them in the adversarial procedure of the trial. In the course of scientific research, the procedure of the use of special investigation techniques is analyzed, which by its legal nature is complex, since the prerequisite for obtaining evidence in such a case is the prior permission of authorized subjects. At the same time, attention is focused on the fact that the negative consequences in practice when applying this legal institution arise due to the fact that the subjects of classification and declassification of information usually refer to bodies other than the prosecution. The work examines international standards for the use of special investigation techniques, among which the right to review the evidence obtained using such methods is highlighted, which is a component of the right to an adversarial trial as an element of the right to a fair trial. Based on a thorough study of international documents and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, it was found that the right to review the evidence of the opposing party is not absolute and may be limited. In particular, it is permissible to conceal evidence in order to protect the rights of other persons or important state interests. The relevant legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights on the issues of discovery of disclosing results of the use of special investigation techniques are analyzed. In the course of the research, it was found that additional guarantees of the right to a fair trial are the right to sufficient time and opportunities for the preparation of one's defense by the person accused of committing a crime. The national normative regulation and the main practice trends regarding the disclosing results of the use of special investigation techniques are studied. The evolution of the legal positions of the Supreme Court regarding the disclosing results of the use of special investigation techniques is analyzed.
IMPACT OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS ON THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   State University of Trade and Economics, Diachenko Olha
Published: July 2022

The international sanctions that have been introduced by the countries of the world against Russia since the beginning of its military invasion of Ukraine are investigated. The most common types of restrictions are considered. The countries that introduced the largest number of sanctions are given. The main sectoral sanctions against Russia by countries of the world are given. The impact of international sanctions on the Russian economy is analyzed. Based on the results of the study, it was determined that after the introduction of sanctions, Russia lost Western technologies and trade preferences, there are restrictions on the international financial market, inflation is growing rapidly, the volume of foreign and domestic trade is decreasing, international companies have withdrawn from the Russian market, unemployment is increasing. It was emphasized that the sanctions against Russia are working and causing economic losses, but much less than expected and it will take more time to achieve the desired effect. The Russian economy is experiencing a sharp contraction this year. International sanctions are beginning to act in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The Russian economy will have a recession after the international sanctions. The information base of the article is presented by analytical reports of international organizations and statistical data. The research was carried out with implementation of general scientific methods: system analysis, synthesis, theoretical generalization, and comparison.
Sella, an open-source automation-friendly molecular saddle point optimizer
Authors: Hermes Eric , Sargsyan Khachik , Najm Habib , Zádor Judit
Published: July 2022

We present a new algorithm for the optimization of molecular structures to saddle points on the potential energy surface using a redundant internal coordinate system. This algorithm automates the procedure of defining the internal coordinate system, including the handling of linear bending angles, e.g. through the addition of dummy atoms. Additionally, the algorithm supports constrained optimization using the null-space sequential quadratic programming formalism. Our algorithm determines the direction of the reaction coordinate through iterative diagonalization of the Hessian matrix, and does not require evaluation of the full Hessian matrix. Geometry optimization steps are chosen using the restricted step partitioned rational function optimization method, and displacements are realized using a high-performance geodesic stepping algorithm. This results in a robust and efficient optimization algorithm suitable for use in automated frameworks. We have implemented our algorithm in Sella, an open source software package designed to optimize atomic systems to saddle point structures. We also introduce a new benchmark test comprising 500 molecular structures that approximate saddle point geometries and show that our saddle point optimization algorithm outperforms the algorithms implemented in several leading electronic structure theory packages.
Stereodivergent Total Syntheses of (+)-Mycaperoxides C, D, G Methyl Ester and (-)-Mycaperoxide B
Authors: Kérim Mansour Dolé , Evanno Laurent , FERRIE Laurent
Published: July 2022

Mycaperoxides are natural endoperoxides isolated from different Mycale genus sponges, showing significant antiviral or antibacterial activities. We report herein the first total syntheses of representative congeners of this family from sclareol using a stereodivergent approach. Thus, an innovative oxidative ring expansion of cyclobutanol was used to bring the 1,2-dioxane subunit, and a Mukaiyama aldol reaction on peroxycarbenium species was utilized to install the propionic acid subunit. During the study toward (+)-mycaperoxide D methyl ester (2), the isolation of the eight possible diastereomers under their ethyl thioester form allowed to build a pertinent database for further NMR assignment studies. Thus, we completed the total syntheses of (+)-mycaperoxides D, C, G methyl ester, and (-)-mycaperoxide B in 11 to 15 steps, confirming their origi-nal assignment.
Reversed Conductance Decay of 1D Topological Insulators by Tight-Binding Analysis
Authors: Li Liang , Gunasekaran Suman , Wei Yujing , Nuckolls Colin , Venkataraman Latha
Published: July 2022

Reversed conductance decay describes increasing conductance of a molecular chain series with increasing chain length. Realizing reversed conductance decay is an important step towards making long and highly conducting molecular wires. Recent work has shown that one-dimensional topological insulators (1D TIs) can exhibit reversed conductance decay due to their non-trivial edge states. The Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model for 1D TIs relates to the electronic structure of these isolated molecules but not their electron transport properties as single-molecule junctions. Herein, we use a tight-binding approach to demonstrate that polyacetylene and other diradicaloid 1D TIs show a reversed conductance decay at the short chain limit. We explain these conductance trends by analyzing the impact of the edge states in these 1D systems on the single-molecule junction transmission. Additionally, we discuss how the self-energy from the electrode-molecule coupling and the on-site energy of the edge sites can be tuned to create longer wires with reversed conductance decays.
Deprotonation from Diphenylsilane with Organosilyllithium Agents
Authors: Takamori Atsushi , Ito Shoki , Naruse Yuji
Published: July 2022

In contrast to their carbon analogs, there are only a few reports on deprotonation from silanes. This is because the normal polarization of a Si-H bond is Si(delta+)-H(delta-), while that of a C-H bond is C(delta-)-H(delta+). From a bond orbital perspective, a sigma*CH orbital has greater expansion on hydrogen, while a sigma*SiH orbital has greater expansion on Si. Thus, the lone pair of a base mainly attacks hydrogen of a C-H bond for deprotonation, but adds to the silicon atom of a Si-H bond. Previous reports showed that the assistance of negative hyperconjugation between the lone pair of the silyl anion and sigma* orbitals on silyl substituent(s) or an intramolecular chelating group (a pincer ligand) is necessary for deprotonation from silanes. In fact, Kira et al. found that treatment of diphenylsilane with t-butyllithium or LDA resulted in nucleophilic substitution, not deprotonation, only to eliminate a hydride as a leaving group. Recently, we developed a silicon-homologation reaction by a deprotonation-nucleophilic substitution sequence. In that reaction, we assumed that dispro-portionation led to alkoxysilyllithium or a silenoid species generated in situ. We expected that a disproportionation approach could be applied to the deprotonation of monosilanes, such as diphenylsilane. Here we report the first successful approach to the deprotonation of monosilanes with no intramolecular chelation.
Efficiency and suitability when exploring the conformational space of phase transfer catalysts
Authors: Iribarren Iñigo , Trujillo Cristina
Published: July 2022

In this study, a complete exploration of the conformational space of phase transfer catalysts by means of computational methods benchmarking is presented. For this particular research work, only the most significant and relevant conformational analysis approaches have been chosen to characterise the main Cinchona alkaloid-based phase transfer catalysts. This particular guiding study aims to rigorously compare the performance of different conformational methods, determining the strengths of each method and providing recommendations regarding suitable and efficient choices of methods for analysis.
Room-Temperature Quantitative Quantum Sensing of Lithium Ions with a Radical-Embedded Metal‒Organic Framework
Authors: Sun Lei , Yang Luming , Dou Jin-Hu , Li Jian , Skorupskii Grigorii , Mardini Michael , Tan Kong Ooi , Chen Tianyang , Sun Chenyue , Oppenheim Julius , Griffin Robert , Dincă Mircea , Rajh Tijana
Published: July 2022

Recent advancements in quantum sensing have sparked transformative detection technologies with high sensitivity, precision, and spatial resolution. Owing to their atomic-level tunability, molecular qubits and ensembles thereof are promising candidates for sensing chemical analytes. Here, we show quantum sensing of lithium ions in solution at room temperature with an ensemble of organic radicals integrated in a microporous metal‒organic framework (MOF). The organic radicals exhibit electron spin coherence and microwave addressability at room temperature, thus behaving as qubits. The high surface area of the MOF promotes accessibility of the guest analytes to the organic qubits, enabling unambiguous identification of lithium ions and quantitative measurement of their concentration through relaxometric and hyperfine spectroscopic methods based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The sensing principle presented in this work is applicable to other metal ions with nonzero nuclear spin.
Epidemiological Study of CA Breast in Diyala
Authors:   College of Medicine, University of Diyala,Diyala, Iraq, Ibrahim Ahmed Rihab , Ahmed Shakir Shahab , Tyeyab Hamad Mohamad , Saleh Ibrahim Nazar
Published: July 2022

Background: Breast cancer is becoming the most common cancer among women in both developed and developing countries . Breast cancer has been the leading cause of death among Iraqi women for three decades, and it is the second leading cause of death after cerebrovascular illnesses.Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinic pathological behavior of breast cancer in Diyala province.Patients and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Oncology Clinic of Baquba Teaching Hospital for 24 months between April 1st and March 31st, 2021. A sample of (257) patients was selected to collect socio-demographic information (age, gender, marital status, history of breast lactation ,history of contraceptive pills, history of breast cancer in family, parity status). Results: The current study shows that more than 55% of the patients were under the age of (50) years. Two hundred fifty one patients (97.6%) were female and( 6) patients (2.4%)were male. from the 251 female patient . Right breast tumor was found in 120 patients (48%) and left breast tumor was found in (127) patients (50.4%) and bilateral breast tumor in (4) patients(1.6%). In terms of breast cancer family history, 28 patients(11%) had a positive family history, while 223 patients (89%) had a negative family history. One hundred fifty seven of patients(63%) had history of breastfeeding and( 94) of patients(37%) had no history of breastfeeding . One hundred forty six patients (58%) had positive history of oral contraceptive pill while 105 patients (42%) had negative history of oral contraceptive pill. twenty two patients (9%) had positive history of smoking while (229) patients (91%) had negative history of smoking . The histopathological result were Invasive ductal carcinoma (I.D.C) in (233) patients (93%) and Invasive lobular carcinoma (I.L.C) in (18) patients. Breast cancer patients were married in 73% of cases, widowed in 13.5 percent of cases, divorced in 2.5 percent of cases, and single in 11% of cases. Most cases belonged to differentiation stage II ( 159) patients (63%), followed by stage III ( 57) patients (23%) , stage I ( 13) patients (5%) and stage IV (22) patients(9%) . Conclusion: The current study concludes that In Iraq, the majority of breast cancer patients were in the second stage, and patients' ages at diagnosis were younger than in other communities. The development and execution of screening programs, as well as the management of risk factors, appear to be critical. Keywords: Breast, Cancer, Patients
Association of Thyroid Hormones with Oxidative Stress Markers in Patient with Hyperthyroidism
Authors:   Dentistry College, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq, Hasan Ahmed Ahmed , Mustafa Maulood Ismail , Sabah Sabah Aesha , Kamal Abdullah Soma
Published: July 2022

Background: Biomarkers for diagnosing the occurrence and development of hyperthyroidism constitute a major worldwide clinical scrutiny. Evidence is continuing in an investigation about the most relevant biomarkers in developing the disease.Objective: To discover and correlate the most dependent biomarkers in developing hyperthyroidism in both genders.Patients and Methods: In the present study, two groups were included, the first group: forty males and females with chronic hyperthyroidism were enrolled. Serum levels of thyroid hormones, lipid profile, oxidative stress marker, blood glucose, and renal function markers were measured and compared with euthyroid subjects. Results: The present study revealed that referral biomarkers were varied between genders with a remarkable association of hyperthyroidism with serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoproteins in females, while nitrites and creatinine and MDA were significantly correlated in male patients. Conclusion: In this study, we found that indicating biomarkers for hyperthyroidism could be differentially changed in different genders that help in understanding the progression and development of the disease. Keywords: Hyperthyroidism, oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, creatinine, nitrite.
The prediction role of TIMI score in correlation with coronary angiogram to determine the coronary artery disease severity and extent in patients presenting with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors:   Baquba Teaching Hospital , Diyala , Iraq, S Hussein Mustafa , H Ibrahim Sabah
Published: July 2022

Background: Accurate risk stratification in patient clinically presented as a case of Non-ST Elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) is important to assess the prognosis as well as to estimate the possible adverse event especially in those patient who are at high risk. Of these scoring risk; Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score have been well corroborated to predict the possible prognosis for patients with NSTE-ACS. However, their value in estimation the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) has been less studied. Objective: To determine the role of TIMI score in prediction the severity of CAD and its extent by correlate the TIMI score with coronary angiography in patients have NSTE-ACS. Patients and Methods: A cross section study, conducted on 264 successive patients admitted with Non-ST Elevation acute coronary syndrome at Ibn-Albitar cardiac center, Baghdad, Iraq, from the 1st of October 2017 to the 1st of October 2018. Patients were rearranging into three groups according to the seven standard variables of TIMI score. The extent of CAD was examined on coronary angiography; a lesion defined significant if stenosis ≥70% in any artery of three major coronary arteries or ≥50% of left main coronary artery. Results: The total number of was 246 patients, mean age was 62.5±2.3 years. There were 67 (27.2%) of them belong to group 1 (low risk group), 142 (57.7%) of them belong to group 2 (intermediate risk group), and 37 (15.1%) of them belong to group 3 (high risk group). 54.1% of patients in group 3 had significant three-vessels coronary artery disease on comparing with 17.6% of group 2 patients and only 7.5% of group 1 patients had these lesions on coronary angiography (P-value <0.01). On the other hand, one-vessel coronary artery disease occurs more commonly and significant statistically (P-value <0.01) in group 2 (31.7%) than in patients in group 1 (26.9%) and group 3 (10.8%). Conclusion: High TIMI risk score patients were more probably to have significant multi-vessels coronary lesions in comparison with those with TIMI risk score in intermediate or low range which lead to help in stratify the risk and possibility of early intervention. Keywords: Coronary Angiography, Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome, Acute Coronary Syndrome risk stratification, TIMI score.
An Observational Study of Pseudodefect of Tibial Plafond (Incidence, Characteristics and Different Parametric Correlations)
Authors:   Rizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil , Iraq, Zakariya Ahmed Shayma , Abdulrahman Rashid Sameeah
Published: July 2022

Background: The notch of Harty is a normal variant radiologically and incidentally diagnosed finding but can be mistaken as pathology. Objective: To identify the incidence and characteristic findings of the notch of Harty.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 121 patients referred to the Radiology department, MRI unit, to undergo ankle MRI through a one-year period (January to December 2020). Cases with significant ankle lesions were excluded. All MRI studies were performed on 1.5 T MR scanners (Aera, Siemens, Arlington).Results: The notch of Harty was present in 35.5% patients; their age ranged from 5-83 years with a mean age of 38.20 years. The average width of the notch was 5.65mm while the mean depth was 1.04 mm. There was no significant correlation between the presence of the notch of Harty and findings such as rheumatic arthritis, minor trauma, chondral thinning. However, there was significant correlation between the presence of the notch of Harty and subjacent subchondral sclerosis. Conclusion: The notch of Harty was present among a considerable number of cases with no sex predominance. The notch might be misinterpreted by radiologists as true osteochondral lesions, thus, familiarity with location and appearance of these pseudodefects will avoid their misinterpretation. Keywords: The notch of Harty, pseudodefects, MRI, tibial plafond, osteochondral lesions
Pattern of Major Congenital Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal Tracts among Live Neonates at Al-Mukalla,Yemen
Authors:   College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Al-Mukalla, Hadhramout, Yemen, A Jawass Mazin , ABahwal Saleh , S  Bakhalah Ahmed , F Basalilah Ashraf
Published: July 2022

Background: Major Congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract(GIT) is a life threating condidition usually diagnosed in the neonatal period.Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of major congenital anomalies among live births at Al-Mukalla,Yemen.Patients and Methods: A hospital-based, descriptive cross sectional study was conducted during 2 years period, from January 1st 2019 to December 31th 2020 and include live neonates aged ≤ 4 weeks who were admitted with major congenital gastrointestinal anomalies. Results: The study include 62 neonates with major congenital GIT anomalies.The most common was imperforate anus in 41.9% followed by esophageal atresia with or without TEF in 24.2%, then hirschprung’s disease in 19.4%. Males are more common (61.3%) than females (38.7%).The incidence is 7.7 per 10.000 newborn. Isolated major GIT anomalies occurs in 64.5%, while associated extra -GIT anomalies occurs in 35.5% , the most common was congenital heart diseases that occurs in 17.7% of cases .The majority neonates were term in 90.3%, with birth weight ≥ 2.5 kg in 88.7%. Most mothers were < 35 years in 67.7% ,with positive parental consanguinity occurs in 37% of cases. Conclusion: High incidence of major Malformation were observed. Keywords: Congenital, anomalies, Major, gastrointestinal tracts ,Neonates , Yemen.
The association between obesity and irritable bowel syndrome among a sample of patients attending the primary health care centers in Erbil city
Authors:   College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq, Mustafa Mahmood Zana , Hawez Sulaiman Karwan
Published: July 2022

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome and obesity are two prevalent conditions in our community which may be associated with each other according to some literature. Both have significant impact on the community.Objective: To find the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome, its association with general and central obesity, as well as to find its sociodemographic characteristics, and effect of some personal health habits on it.Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 248 subjects, 105 males and 143 females, who attended two primary health care centers was taken (included healthy looking subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome IV criteria). Subjects were aged between 18-65 years. Sociodemographic characteristics, personal health habits, central obesity index and body mass index also recorded in the survey. Results: Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome was 33.5%, male to female ratio was 0.73:1. No significant association was found between irritable bowel syndrome and general or central obesity. Bad sleep pattern was found to have a significant association with the disorder. Conclusion: The study do not find significant association between obesity and irritable bowel syndrome. Keywords: Irritable bowel syndrome, central obesity, Rome IV criteria
Discursive Integrity and the Principles of Responsible Public Debate
Authors: Chrisman Matthew
Published: July 2022

This paper articulates a general distinction between two important communicative ideals—expressive sincerity and discursive integrity—and then uses it to analyze problems with political debate in contemporary democracies. In the context of philosophical discussions of different forms of trustworthiness and debates about deliberative democracy, self-knowledge, and moral testimony, the paper develops three arguments for the conclusion that, although expressive sincerity is valuable, we should not ignore discursive integrity in thinking about how to address problems with contemporary political debate. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of a strategy for improving discursive integrity within public political debate by reflecting on which principles of responsible public debate would promote better democratic decision making.
Action and Production
Authors: White Stephen
Published: July 2022

Abstract here
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of tesla valve for hydrogen decompression
Authors: Jithendra Sai Raja Chada , Sri Ram Deepak Akella
Published: July 2022

In the last couple of years, the footprints of humankind on the greenhouse effect have been a highlighted and debated topic. There are many contributing factors to the negative impacts on the environment, one of them being the automobile sector. Today, most cars are driven on fossil fuel, which produces toxic emissions. The search for replaceable alternative fuels were considered mainly and the keys to demand are renewable energy and energy-friendly resources. Hydrogen as a fuel, in particular hydrogen gas, is one of the options considering the only residues to be water and hot air, provided that the energy used in the hydrogen production comes from renewable sources. In the storage tanks of cars fueled by hydrogen gas, a high pressure is set due to its advantages of more storage opportunities and thus increased mileage of the tank. A decompression process is necessary to supply the fuel cell with hydrogen gas at the right pressure and thus achieve the highest possible degree of efficiency. The concept offers a wide set of application opportunities in industrial situations, and understanding the valve is important for characterizing the performance of the device. In other words, high performance could be achieved with correct and optimal geometry on the Tesla valve. In this work, the geometric parameters were investigated in order to determine their ideal value for optimizing the performance. The parameters of interest were the optimum operating conditions of the valve. A numerical observation was conducted using simulations in a Computational Fluid Dynamics program, ANSYS Fluent, in order to obtain the results.
Role of qualification and validation in medical device industry: a study
Authors: Rakesh Kumar , Santosh Kumar
Published: July 2022

The need for orthopedic implants is increasing due to the rise in the number of accidents. As people begin to age, they begin to experience pain in their joints, bones, and wrists. If it is not managed with medication, an orthopedic implant may be deemed as the best solution. As per the Bureau of Indian Standard Research, the global market for orthopedic products in 2016 in US dollars was 4.20 billion. Industries seem to have an annual growth rate of 6.1 percent when compared with the previous year, which means the market is expected to reach 61.02 billion dollars by 2023. Therefore, the demand for orthopedic devices is significant and the quality of implants manufactured should be strictly controlled and checked for human health safety worldwide. Nowadays, the regulatory agencies also focus on every medical device manufacturing industry with highly stringent needs. Therefore, the knowledge of standards, validation, and differences between Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP) is highly important. Therefore, this paper focuses on the importance of validation in detail for the safety of patients.
Grounded theory approach in nursing practice
Authors: Neelam Saleem
Published: July 2022

Grounded theory is a methodological approach that aims to generate a theory that is grounded in systematically gathered data and its analysis through an inductive process. Annells (1997) defined grounded theory methodology as a qualitative approach to an inquiry that is embedded in relativist ontology and subjectivist epistemology. The purpose of grounded theory is to generate a theory that is rooted in the participant's perspective involved in the study. This paper aims to explicate the ontological and epistemological points of view of the constructivist paradigm. The constructivist paradigm has a relativist ontology and a subjective epistemology (Guba & Lincoln, 1994). A critique of grounded theory methodology is discussed inconsideration of diverse factors such as health and power-related inequalities, environment, social context, culture, gender, and social status. In nursing research, grounded theory is increasingly used by researchers. This paper will highlight the importance of grounded theory research for nursing practice and the generation of theories that are rooted in real clinical practices (Lazenbatt & Elliott, 2005).
Wrestling with the German Devil: Five Case Studies in Fugue After J.S. Bach
Authors:   , Berkhan Jonathan
Published: July 2022

'After' can be taken both as an indication of chronology (after 1750), and with the meaning 'in imitation of'. When we compare the fugues of Bach to those of later eighteenth-century epigones such as J. L. Krebs, Albrechtsberger, and Clementi, it is striking how works apparently so similar should be accorded such differing cultural significance. Concepts such as 'inspiration' or 'originality' (or conversely 'derivative', 'unimaginative') may be useful critical shortcuts; but how far can we ground this kind of distinction analytically in the musical texts themselves?

Chapter 1: 'Fine Distinctions' approaches this question from the opposite end, so to speak, through the reception histories of two works attributed to Bach himself - BWV 534 and 565 - but now thought to be of doubtful authenticity. The chapter continues with the immediate tradition of the Bach circle, as represented by W. F. Bach and J. L.

Krebs.

Chapter 2: 'Converting the Handelians' begins with a similar comparison between Handel and his successors, before turning to Samuel Wesley and his response first of all to Handel's dominating influence, then to the immense impression that J. S. Bach's music had upon him.

Questions of canonicity emerge in a different way with chapter 3: 'Classical style, Classical ideology, and the instrumental fugues of Joseph Haydn'. Haydn's fugues are discussed with a view to their problematic location in the grand narrative of the development of the Viennese Classical style - the strong sense of evolutionary teleology present in the accounts of Sandberger, Rosen, et al is contrasted with the revisionist approach of James Webster.

Chapter 4: 'Mozart, finished and unfinished' explores Mozart's curious inability or unwillingness to complete so many of his fugal fragments. Several explanations for this, both musical and psychological, are advanced and compared.

Chapter 5: 'Fugue in Beethoven: mundane and transcendental counterpoint' discusses both his early student-fugues and those of his late works, considering his fugal style in relation to the 'difficulty' of much of his music, and comparing it with the similarly challenging counterpoint of Muzio Clementi's later style. The study concludes with an epilogue pointing toward Mendelssohn and Schumann, tracing their affinity with J. S. Bach and outlining the final decay of the galant aesthetic.
Whaia te Pae Tawhiti Kia Tata, Whaia te Pae Tata Kia Mau: Rights, Responsibilities and Resistance: Exploring 'flax-root' Strategies for Ngāti Whātua Involvement in Aquaculture Within the Kaipara Harbour
Authors:   , Badham Monique
Published: July 2022

The ocean (tangaroa) is an environment which has an extensive range of significance and uses for Māori, including commerce, sustenance, and customary practices, as well as providing a source of spiritual well-being and cultural identity. One aquatic resource practice traditionally used by Māori was a form of aquaculture, however the historical and contemporary processes of colonisation have excluded Māori from this customarily significant resource use. This research embarks on a collaborative approach with Ngāti Whātua (an iwi of the Auckland/Northland region) to rectify this situation through identifying 'flax-roof' (on-the-ground and practical) strategies to enhance their involvement in aquaculture within the Kaipara harbour. A 'Māori-Centred' qualitative methodological approach is adopted, incorporating a critical awareness of the colonising potential of research, and a rejection of passive individualistically beneficial research through focussing on 'empowering outcomes' for Māori. A diverse range of key informant interviews are conducted supported by secondary reports and Māori development literature, with the analysis conducted primarily through an adapted version of Hutchings' (2002) 'Mana Wahine Conceptual Framework'. Findings reveal that Māori resource utilisation agendas fit within wider development paradigms that are multi-dimensional, holistic and embedded in politico-cultural 'rights' and 'responsibilities', which position Māori as unique resource 'developers'. The Kaipara harbour also holds a high level of potential for the realisation of aquaculture aspirations, however a plethora of socio-cultural, economic and political barriers are inhibiting Māori development, particularly within the aquaculture sector. Six key strategic options are identified that aim at realistic and practical 'flax-root' pathways to improve Ngāti Whātua involvement in aquaculture.
Reinventing the Tent: An Exploration of Fabric Construction
Authors:   , Giller Jennifer
Published: July 2022

The tent is not the shelter it once was. Once, many people found it the central focus of daily life. Now, passing through the passage of culture and time, it has become a mere shell of itself, stripped to the most basic provisions of amenity and comfort.

‘Reinventing the tent’ looks at the tent as we use it today, and asks why this lightweight structure, for all of the advances in textiles and tensile technology, has become no more than a shelter for temporary events.

A case is made for the architectural beauty of the tent, resulting in an exploration of its unique spatial essence, the fabric of its construction, and of its functional use. This then informs a range of tent designs, rich in expression and comfortable enough to once again call ‘home’.

For the important role that the tent once played in the livelihoods of many people, the results of this thesis hold great potential for the way that we use tents in the future, and to redefine perceptions of austere simplicity toward realisations of refined beauty.
Temporal distribution and frequency of explosive volcanism in the Kermadec Arc, SW Pacific: Insights from marine cores
Authors:   , Herbert Kirsty Rose
Published: July 2022

Studies along the Kermadec arc, SW Pacific, over the past two decades have shown the presence of numerous volcanoes with histories of caldera collapse, and abundant evidence of explosive eruptions involving evolved magmas (dacite to rhyodacite). However, as there are only two substantially emergent volcanoes in the arc, Raoul and Macauley, the history of this explosive volcanism is difficult to constrain from subaerial exposures. In contrast, the marine record offers the opportunity to document activity from these volcanoes over a longer time period. This thesis presents stratigraphic and chemical data from sediment cores collected along offshore transects west and east of Raoul and Macauley islands. Individual grain analysis of glass shards from the tephra layers was conducted using electron microprobe and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to analyse each shard for major and trace element compositions. These geochemical data allowed for discrimination between successive tephra deposits, and identification of 51 tephra layers in the cores, each of which is interpreted to represent a single eruptive event. The data also addressed the diversity or uniformity of individual eruptions and traced changes in the geochemistry of the eruption units through time. Oxygen isotope analyses of foraminifera were used to construct an age model for the cores, allowing model age estimates of individual tephra units and proving the marine core record extends back to ca. 170 ka. Silicic volcanism from these two volcanoes dates back to at least ca. 166 ka, indicating that it is not a recent development as the onshore record would suggest. Onshore exposures on Macauley Island record only one silicic eruption, the 6.3 ka Sandy Bay Tephra; however, the offshore cores show that Macauley has erupted silicic magmas since 166 ka, and is the dominant source for tephras recorded in the cores.

Construction of a tephrochronology of the cores provides a context as to the eruptive frequency of volcanoes along the arc, indicates apparent fluctuations in the magma supply rate, and also indicates that fractionation is the dominant process by which silicic magmas are generated in the arc. The average eruptive frequency of Raoul and Macauley volcanoes is 1 eruption/kyr. If extrapolated to the other volcanoes along the arc, there are ca. 40 eruptions/kyr of significant size that could be preserved in the marine record. The presence of periods of quiescence in the eruptive history implies that magma supply rates may have a primary control on the frequency of eruptions linked to compositions, such that when supply rates slow, the magmas stall in the crust and fractionate to form silicic magmas.
Contemporary and historical performance practice in late eighteenth-century violin repertoire: Observations on articulation, bow strokes, and interpretation
Authors:   , He Jun
Published: July 2022

Since the 1970s, historically-aware performances of late eighteenth-century repertoire (and that of Mozart and Beethoven in particular) have prompted demands for a finer stylistic awareness on the part of the performer. Articulation in late eighteenth-century repertoire is of particular importance in this regard. In violin performance, bow strokes constitute the primary technique with which to render articulatory effects. In this study, I consider not only the link between the theoretical discussions of historically-informed performance (HIP) practitioners and the conventions of mainstream performance practice on the violin, but I investigate how best to merge musicological discussions of HIP with the practice of frequently performed repertoire on modern instruments today.

Violin bow models play an important role in any discussion of articulation and bow strokes, and the use of old-style instruments represents the main divergence between HIP and mainstream performance. In this regard, observations on execution with the bow models used during the Classical era are important, and the differences between the so-called transitional bows and modern bows in performance will be informed by my own practice with a copy of a 1785 bow.

Notation, which conveys the interpretative instructions of the composer, is one of the major areas of critical research of contemporary studies of the performance practices of the Classical era. Slurs, staccato markings, and passages without any articulation markings will be discussed from an interpretative perspective. Editorial issues of music scores and contemporary violin performances of the Classical repertoire will be touched upon, in conjunction with the consideration of performers’ interpretative choices and understandings of late eighteenth-century notation.
A Research on the Function of Teaching Evaluation for Machine Translation Course
Authors: Wu Honglin , Liu Ying , Wang Ke
Published: July 2022

Teaching evaluation refers to the process of measuring and giving value judgment to the process and results of teaching activities by using effective technical means. Through teaching evaluation, teachers can direct the teaching process to develop toward the predetermined goal and effectively complete the teaching task. This paper investigates the function of teaching evaluation in the Machine Translation course in Northeastern University. The function of teaching evaluation for teachers includes adjustment, diagnosis, teaching stimulation, and orientation. The function of teaching evaluation for students includes feedback, guidance, intensification, and purpose orientation. This paper also discusses the influence of teaching evaluation on the psychology of both, teachers and students. Positive evaluation can improve the enthusiasm of teachers and students, but other times, it may reduce their enthusiasm, whereas when negative evaluation and guidance are appropriate, the enthusiasm of teachers and students may improve. This research reveals that a reasonable teaching evaluation plays a huge role in promoting the psychology of both, teachers and students.
A Research on the Online and Offline Blended Teaching Mode of College English Based on the Output-Oriented Method
Authors: Meng Qingyan
Published: July 2022

Under the background and premise of higher education reform, the output-oriented method has established a scientific teaching concept for college English teaching and applied the integrated teaching ideology of learning and application to college English teaching, so as to improve the teaching effect. Based on the output-oriented teaching method, this paper analyzes and studies the online and offline blended teaching mode.
Household Food Insecurity in Lebanon and Its Impact On Maternal Mental Health, Coping Mechanisms, and Children’s Malnutrition. (c2022)
Authors:   ,   Lebanese American University, Al Mashharawi Farah
Published: July 2022

Household food insecurity (HFI) is a serious public health concern in Lebanon affecting the Lebanese and non-Lebanese residents. This study aims to investigate the correlation between household food insecurity and maternal depression, an indicator of mental health, and children malnutrition, a nutritional proxy of the households. The study looks at the different coping mechanisms adopted by the mothers to mitigate the effects of household food insecurity. A sample of 219 participants and a sub-sample of 24 mothers were collected from a primary health care center (PHCC) in Beirut and from susceptible communities in Beirut, Mount Lebanon and South. A survey screened for HFI, depression and child malnutrition and semi-structured interviews probed about coping strategies. Spearman correlation coefficients were utilized to examine the correlations between HFI and depression and child malnutrition. Thematic analysis was conducted to categorize the responses of the interviewees. A strong positive correlation was found between HFI and maternal depression. HFI was not found to be linked to the nutritional status of the children under 5. Eight main themes were identified as coping mechanisms adopted by the mothers, including: maternal self-sacrificial behavior, compromised quantity and quality of the food, economic restraint, distractions from eating, negative maternal emotions, infant and young child feeding practices, social isolation of children and paternal buffering mechanisms. In conclusion, further investigation is warranted to determine the effectiveness of the coping mechanisms in preventing childhood malnutrition.