bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PERSONIFICATION OF HOSPITALITY (DIYAFAH) IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SOCIAL SOLIDARITY (TAKAFUL IJTIMA'I) THROUGH THE PROPHETIC TRADITION (SUNNAH)
Authors: Ahmad Hassan Mohamed  , Mohamed Aslam Akbar  , Hassanuddeen Abd. Aziz
Published: September 2024

This paper looks at the subject of hospitality (ḍiyāfah) and elucidates its social standing and associated terms by outlining the personification of hospitality (ḍiyāfah) in community development through the Prophetic Tradition (Sunnah). The research clarifies the essential components of hospitality (ḍiyāfah) with a specific spotlight on the association of human rights and the development of spirituality in the different kinds of hospitality (ḍiyāfah) that were in practice during the early Islamic period. The study features the influence of hospitality (ḍiyāfah) on social solidarity system (al-takāful al-ijtimāʿ) as it deals with the essential components related to the act of endowment (awqāf), the occasions of sacrificing animals (aḍāḥī), and the wedding banquets (ʿurūs). Lastly, the paper emphasizes that meaningful hospitality(ḍiyāfah) bears a significant impact on community development in society and safeguards human rights, and along with the spiritual progress it promotes education and encourages the growth of knowledge since hospitality (ḍiyāfah) is a gift which raises humanity towards achieving divine guidance from God.
Effect of Infill Patterns and Print Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Manufactured Polylactic Acid Parts
Authors:   Helwan University, Hamoud M. , Abdalaziz O. ,   Canadian International College, Barakat A. ,   Helwan University, Gad A. ,   Helwan University
Published: September 2024

The fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique produces function models of various thermoplastic polymers and is one of the most commonly utilized additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. The purpose of this research is to study how combining infill pattern (CIP) and printing orientation affects tensile characteristics and building time. Polylactic acid (PLA) was chosen as a material for the specimen's fabrication. The print orientations were the on-long-edge and flat orientations. Because the product is built along the z-axis, the short-edge (up-right) orientation was not considered, resulting in minimal strength. The combinations of the infill patterns called Concentric, Cross, Triangle, Zigzag, Rectilinear, Cubic, Honeycomb, and Grid were investigated with 70% infill density and 0.15 mm layer thickness with a layer-by-layer strategy. The result indicates that the printing orientation significantly affected the tensile strength, especially in CIP specimens. The on-long edge orientation of the CIP specimen had higher tensile strength. The specimen Concentric/Triangle has the highest tensile strength in flat and on-long edge orientations of 30 MPa and 33 MPa, respectively. Still, the building time in flat orientation was long (25 min.) while the printing time in on-long orientation was short (29 min.). The honeycomb/Triangle combination represents lower tensile strength in both orientations of 19 MPa for flat and 20 MPa for on-long edge, but the building time in both orientations was long (14 min and 35 min, respectively). As a result, the specimen with the CIP has greater tensile strength than the single-infill pattern specimen. It was additionally found that when the Triangular pattern was combined with other patterns, the tensile strength of those patterns improved. CIP specimens built in an on-edge orientation had a higher tensile strength than those built in a flat orientation. In the triangle infill pattern, when combined with other patterns, the tensile strength of some samples enhanced while the others improved, while others decreased.
Effect of soapstock in the composition of modified additive for improving strength characteristics of concrete structures
Authors:   LLP «Solid Research Group», Dyussembinov D. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Lukpanov R. ,   LLP «Solid Research Group»; L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Altynbekova A. ,   LLP «Solid Research Group»; L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhantlesova Zh. ,   LLP «Solid Research Group»; L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Awwad Talal ,   Damascus University
Published: September 2024

The article presents the results of research on the influence of soapstock used in the composition of two-component modified additive. Standard tests of beam samples for flexural and compressive strength, and standard cubic samples for water absorption and frost resistance were performed. Tests were performed for samples with different contents of soapstock (Sp): 5, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 % by weight of cement, microsilica and phosphogypsum. The strength measurements of the beam samples showed that the maximum effect concerning the increase in material strength was achieved at 5% of the soapstock content. However, it should be noted that the subsequent decrease in strength with increasing concentration of soapstock is not significant, up to Sp=10% does not exceed 1%. Thus, the optimal concentration of soapstock, at which the maximum effect on the strength of the material will be achieved, is 5-10%. The obtained curve of dependence of water absorption change on the soapstock concentration showed the optimal gradient of water absorption, which corresponds to Sp=10%. With further increase of soapstock, the decrease of water absorption index is not significant. Tests on frost resistance showed that the maximum resistance to cyclic freezing is observed in samples with Sp=10%, further increase reduces frost resistance. The regularity in the increase of frost resistance with increasing concentration of soapstock is logical because with each increase in concentration, the hydrophobization of the material increases. However, if the hydrophobicity of samples with Sp=12.5%, although not significantly, still increases about Sp=10%, the frost resistance decreases.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Reaction as a Marker af Immune-Mediated Disorders after Coronavirus Infection in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors:   State organization ", Matviienko Yu. O. ,   National sceintific center of phthisiology, pulmonology, and allergology named after F. G. Yanovsky NAMS of Ukraine", Zhadan V. M. , Panasiukova O. R. , Yasir S. G.
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The aim is to construct and research the potential use of a model of positive and negative erythrocyte sedimentation reaction (ESR) reactions to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the immune system of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Research methods and materials. The research utilized retrospective data from examinations of 68 patients with pulmonary TB aged 19 to 76 years during the period from 2018 to 2020, who were undergoing treatment at the NSC PhPA NAMSU. For specific laboratory diagnosis of increased sensitivity of TB patients to anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATDs), the ESR of the patient’s venous blood with ATDs was assessed. The mathematical processing of the research results was conducted using the “Minitab 21” software with built-in statistical libraries. Results. In TB patients after recovering from COVID-19, the decrease of allergic activation of immunocompetent cells was observed in ESR laboratory tests with first-line ATDs. A reduction in the number of both mildly positive reactions of the first stage and positive reactions of the second and, especially, third stage was demonstrated during the peak period of COVID-19 in 2020 compared to the pre-COVID period of 2018–2019 (p<0.01), indicating changes in the immune system reactivity of TB patients who had undergone viral infection. Conclusions. The ESR model confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 has a long-term impact on the immune system of TB patients, leading to its exhaustion and anergy.
Book Reviews
Authors: Vadi Priya , Finn Kirsty
Published: September 2024

Carlnita P. Greene (Ed.), Foodscapes: Food, Space, and Place in a Global Society (New York Peter Lang, 2019), 325 pages, £33.60 (paperback)

Suzanne Beech, The Geographies of International Student Mobility: Spaces Places and Decision-Making (Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), 271 pp., 5 b/w illustrations, €59,49 (paperback)
Tracking the Progress of Sustainable Development Goals: Applying Three Approaches in South Asia
Authors: Sadiq Salma , Khan Muhammad Yar , Khan Majid Jamal
Published: September 2024

This study assesses sustainable development in South Asian economies based on their development stages, using three distinct approaches: the traditional "GDP approach," focusing on economic indicators; the "Beyond-GDP approach," incorporating social and natural resource indicators; and the "SDG-based approach," emphasizing quality-of-life metrics aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A composite indicator method was employed, selecting nineteen indicator groups for analysis. Key findings show that factors like the Corruption Index, foreign direct investments, government debt, energy imports, and vulnerable employment have the most significant impact on sustainable development. Bhutan and the Maldives rank highest across all approaches, while Pakistan and India rank lowest, with Pakistan scoring the lowest in both the GDP and SDG-based approaches. The study recommends using the SDG-based ranking to prioritize development efforts and funding allocation, with specific suggestions for enhancing sustainability in the region.
Exploring the Role of Social Media in Bridging Knowledge Gaps and Shaping Political Activism in the 21st Century: A Study of Intervention Factors
Authors: Hassan Khayam , Sultan Khalid , Ayaz Waqas Bin
Published: September 2024

The study investigates social media's role in bridging knowledge gaps, influencing its intervention in political activism, and shaping of 21st-century activism. The study used a quantitative research methodology to collect data from university students using self-developed questionnaires distributed online. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25 and presented in descriptive statistics. The study explored that Social media can bridge socioeconomic gaps in political activation and awareness among students due to its interactive accessibility. High qualifications positively influence social media usage, suggesting that it can both increase and decrease knowledge gaps.
Applications and Challenges of CRISPER/Cas-9 System in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Masood Ahmad Jalal , Ahmed Ejaz , Iftikhar Rimsha , Javed Laiba , Sahar Aimen , Hossain Muhammad
Published: September 2024

This review article is aimed at providing an outline of the present information base available on the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer therapy and the challenges raised by its implementation. We will first explain the mechanism of action and other key components pertaining to the functioning of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Further, we will provide case studies that have had some success in pre-clinical and clinical applications of CRISPR/Cas9. However, there are several challenges that prevent the wide application of this very promising approach of CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer therapy. Among them are off-target effects and unintended mutations, difficulties in delivery, targeting specificity, etc. Specificity enhancement, improvement in delivery systems, and solutions against regulatory challenges have been described.
On advanced manned spacecraft motion control using jet thrusters
Authors: Sumarokov A. V.
Published: September 2024

The motion control of the advanced manned spacecraft “Orel” is considered. For maneuvering and angular stabilization, a propulsion system is used as an actuator. In order to ensure simultaneous control of the motion of the center of mass of the spacecraft (SC) and its stabilization with the help of engines at each moment of time, it is necessary to solve the problems of determining the required change in the speed of the SC, choosing the optimal configuration of the engines, and the problem of predicting the motion parameters of the SC. Methods for solving these problems, applied in the development of the control system of the manned spacecraft “Orel”, are presented. The operability of the described algorithms is confirmed by the results of mathematical modeling on a ground test bench for onboard software.
Academician E.M. Kreps – founder оf the science of evolutionary biochemistry of brain lipids
Authors: Parnova R. G. , Firsov M. L.
Published: September 2024

The article is dedicated to the founder of the evolutionary biochemistry of brain lipids, Evgeniy Mikhailovich Kreps, a remarkable scientist and person, academician, who for many years headed the Department of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences and the Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences. The authors consider some stages of the scientific biography of E.M. Kreps, analyze the main results of his many years of work on studying the composition of complex brain lipids in representatives of all classes of vertebrates and some invertebrates. The authors made an attempt to give a modern assessment and interpretation of the patterns of changes in the composition of phospholipids, cerebrosides, gangliosides and their fatty acid radicals discovered by E.M. Kreps, associated with the complication of the organization of the central nervous system during evolution.
Science, knowledge, and intellectual property: Ten years later. Part 1
Authors: Rubinstein A. Ya. , Chukovskaya E. E.
Published: September 2024

The first part of the paper presents the results of theoretical and methodological research based on a relatively new view of the processes of knowledge production as a public good and its subsequent transformation into private, meritorious and normative-public goods with individual and social utility, with a focus on one of the branches of this transformation — the publication of scientific articles. An important feature of this process, distinguishing this type of activity, is due to the problems of intellectual property and copyright. This area of modern science determines the institutional conditions of transformation of knowledge into products of market exchange. The protection of intellectual property realized by the legislation on copyright gave rise to many theoretical and practical problems related to the known consequences of the development of this institution, which limits the dissemination of knowledge and reduces its availability. A special role here belongs to the developing contractual practice of transferring copyrights to publishers, including issues of publication ethics, and the peculiarities of economic relations arising in such a situation, the expedient component of which is the payment of royalties and labor remuneration to reviewers.
Informal sector employment: Reasons for negative trends
Authors: Kunitsyna N. N. , Dyudikova E. I. , Lazba F. A.
Published: September 2024

The problem of employment in the informal sector of the economy escalated during the pandemic, post-covid recovery and, especially, in the period of sanctions. As an interdisciplinary field of research in the humanitarian, socio-economic, information and mathematical spheres, issues of employment, unemployment, social benefits are increasingly resonating in modern publications. The global framework of the research subject often makes difficult to formalize the processes, especially in the shadow economy. The authors used the panel data analysis to assess the dynamics of employment in the informal sector and the causes of negative trends in the post-pandemic period. The number of model explanatory variables for the period 2010–2021 was 84 with subsequent cutoff and reduction to 32 parameters. To compile a panel data the authors used the official information from Rosstat and information obtained by expert surveys. During the study the scientists create the models of combined regression, model with fixed effects, and model with individual, including random, effects. As a result the authors obtained the ratio “employment in the informal sector — the level of hidden economic activity”. The important applied relevance of the research is the possibility to generate control, both at the state and economic level, in terms of the identified reasons for the growth of employment in the informal sector in order to reduce their negative impact.
System-dynamic simulation model of socio-economic development of the Republic of South Ossetia
Authors: Goncharova K. S. , Kolomytseva A. O. , Shelomentsev A. G. , Pavlov M. V.
Published: September 2024

A strategy of socio-economic development of the state is based on the develpment of long-term forecasts covering the main vital areas, as well as based on its directions and methods of state policy implementation. However, to date, a question of the most acceptable method of forecasting from the point of view of a final result (which is the occurrence of predicted events and/or the achievement of the values of indicators of socio-economic dynamics of the state) remains debatable. In this paper, in order to develop a forecast of a socio-economic development of the partially recognized Republic of South Ossetia, taking into account significant limitations of its statistical data for a period of 14 years (from 2008 to 2022), as well as a presence of structural imbalances, the use of the method of system-dynamic simulation modeling is justified. It allows overcoming the limitations associated with the use of econometric models. As a result, authors calculated 4 forecast scenarios for a development of the Republic, reflecting a different level of its self-development. The authors come to a conclusion that the strategic plan requires the development of a set of long-term measures that simultaneously combine, on the one hand, a reduction of budget expenditures on the most capacious items; and on the other – the exit of part of the entrepreneurial activity from the “shadow”, as well as its enhancement in the promising areas. The developed system-dynamic simulation model of socio-economic development of an individual state allows, in general, to improve the quality of long-term forecasts calculated by researchers, as well as to ensure a high level of validity of decisions taken by public authorities.
Prospects for the development of hydropower in Africa
Authors: Sharova A. Yu.
Published: September 2024

Hydro resources play an important role in Africa’s electricity sector, being the third largest source of electricity generation. Despite the rapid development of renewable energy such as solar and wind over the past 10 years, hydro power remains the most used renewable energy source in Africa. Today, only 10% of Africa’s hydro potential is used and is concentrated mainly in the countries of Central, East and West Africa. In these subregions large hydroelectric power plants will soon be commissioned. These new plants will be among the largest in Africa and in the world. The further development of hydropower in Africa is fraught with a number of obstacles, both economic and technical. The author conducts a comprehensive analysis of the problems in the hydropower sector in Africa, outlines possible ways to solve them and comes to the conclusion that expanding the use of this reliable source of clean, relatively cheap, high-quality electricity will help solve one of the continent’s most important problems – energy poverty.
Using the experience of Russian scientists for the effective crop production in Africa
Authors: Lobachevsky Ya. P. , Zavalin A. A.
Published: September 2024

The article provides information on the state of African soils, their productive capacity, and measures to preserve the fertility of agricultural lands using the experience and developments of Russian scientists. Information on the need for the main types of mineral fertilizers for the production of the required volume of grain is presented, the main techniques that increase the efficiency of the use of nutrients by plants for crop formation are shown, as well as the results of research conducted on testing Russian microbial preparations in crops in Zambia. Technologies that prevent soil desertification, increase the sustainability and productivity of crops in arid conditions, as well as the use of energy-saving technologies for soil cultivation, sowing, plant care, irrigation, and water purification used in irrigation can be important for African conditions.
The sky that is not visible from Russia
Authors: Lutovinov А. А. , Mereminskiy I. А. , Nazarov V. N. , Semena A. N.
Published: September 2024

Modern scientific research is impossible without a broad international cooperation. Sometimes its necessity is dictated by economic reasons, sometimes by the fact that different countries have developed different branches of science and technology needed for a specific experiment, and sometimes the geography also contributes to the cooperation. As you know from the school curriculum, from our northern latitudes, where Russia is located, not the entire sky is visible. For example, Russian astronomers will not be able to see the Magellanic Clouds or the famous Southern Cross without traveling to the southern hemisphere. It seems even more important to provide Russian scientists with the opportunity to conduct research throughout the entire sky, as well as the ability to continuously receive scientific data from spacecrafts both current and future. To solve these problems, it seems appropriate to expand cooperation in the field of astronomy and space research with the South African Republic.
Zemsky Sobors against the background of the representative institutions of Medieval and Early Modern Europe: an essay in comparative typology
Authors: Krom Mikhail M.
Published: September 2024

The paper deals with one of the most debatable historiographical issues, that of comparability of the Russian Zemsky Sobors with their counterparts in the West. A review of a wide range of the current scholarly literature reveals some stereotypes in the perception of this problem. It is shown that Zemsky Sobors, in spite of some skeptical voices, do share some key common features with the representative institutions elsewhere in Europe and that they can be regarded as a variant of the monarchical model of the medieval representation. The undertaken comparative typological analysis casts some light on the origins of Zemsky Sobors in Russia as well as on the possible causes of their decline in the second half of the 17th century.
A new edition of V. A. Maklakov’s memoirs and revision of historiographical concepts
Authors: Andreev Dmitry А.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the first scientific edition of V.A. Maklakov's memoirs. The author examines the problems of the relationship between the autocracy and the social movement in the Russian Empire at the beginning of the twentieth century.
When the cadet compass broke
Authors: Gayda Fyodor А.
Published: September 2024

The author examines the features of V.A. Maklakov's view as a memoirist based on his position in the Cadet Party before 1917 and the historical background of interwar Europe. Being a significant figure of the party's right wing, Maklakov attempted to create not just personal memoirs, but a historical work, focusing on the works of A. de Tocqueville. The features of Maklakov's view were largely determined by the controversy in the émigré community.
German special settlers in the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1945–1955
Authors: Sheptalin Aleksei А.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to a group of Russian Germans stationed in Udmurtia in the status of special settlers. The purpose of the work is a general description of the main parameters of the ethno-legal and socio-cultural functioning of Germans-special settlers in Udmurtia in a foreign-language environment. The methodological basis of the study was an interdisciplinary approach at the intersection of history, sociology and ethnology, using problem-chronological and statistical methods, as well as interviewing and the method of expert assessments. The basis of the source base was made up of archival documents supplemented by the memories of participants and witnesses of the events. The study sheds light on one of the closed aspects of national history, contributes to the elimination of another "white" spot in the hushed-up history of the largest of the peoples of the USSR repressed during the Stalinist period.
The romantic of the revolution
Authors: Kan Grigoriy Semenovich
Published: September 2024

The article reviews O.A. Milevsky's book about V.A. Osinsky, one of the founders of political terror in Russia
The excessive everyday life of the GULAG special settlements in 1933: the Siberian dimension
Authors: Teplyakov Alexey G.
Published: September 2024

The review is devoted to the documentary collection “Special (labor) settlements of Western Siberia in 1933: everyday life of the commandant’s settlements, the Nazi tragedy,” compiled by S.A. Krasilnikov and O.V. Filippenko. It publishes more than 80 documents, full of valuable information about the intentions and results of the exile settlement policy. Documents identified in the State Archive of the Novosibirsk Region, the Archive of the President of the Russian Federation and the Central Archive of the FSB of Russia paint a vivid picture of the unsuccessful penal colonization of the Narym north in the early 1930s. This was an unexpected result for the authorities of efforts to cleanse the cities of the central part of the country and border areas from “déclassé elements.” The documents provide an opportunity to look into the everyday life of two worlds of a special settlement – peasant and urban “déclassé”. It follows from them that constant “excesses,” despite their obvious costs, acted as a routine accompaniment of the most important management actions. The central government considered countless “ordinary” criminal actions on the ground (illegal arrests, expulsions, confiscations against peasants and all kinds of “former people”) as necessary, designed to push the layers unnecessary to socialism to the margins of life. A closed hierarchical system based on the directives of the center gave rise to and developed the arbitrariness of the performers, embodied in published documents.
Італія у системі європейської безпеки в часи карибської кризи
Authors: Самофатов Михайло
Published: September 2024

У статті розглянуто вплив Карибської кризи на місце Італії у системі європейської безпеки. Ключовим елементом цієї системи в умовах «холодної війни» було розміщення атомної зброї. Починаючи з 1959 р. Італія стала учасницею програми розміщення ядерної зброї США – ракет «Юпітер» – в європейських країнах НАТО. На основі аналізу публікацій раніше засекречених документів Архіву національної безпеки США автор доводить взаємозв’язок між Карибською кризою та демонтажем пускових установок ракет середньої дальності «Юпітер» в Італії і подальшим розміщенням ракет «Поларіс» на флотах країн НАТО у Середземному морі. Встановлено, що наслідком Карибської кризи для Італії стало зменшення її ваги в системі європейської безпеки і в міжнародних відносинах загалом. Натомість з військової точки зору Італія тільки посилила свій захист в разі війни.
Perencanaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) pada Atap Kantor PT. Sinopacific Peralatan Indonusa Makassar dengan Sistem Hybrid
Authors: Irma Aryanti Andi , Angel Chaerani , Rezky Muhammad , Shiddiq Yunus A.M , Nur Dahlia , Yanafirana Yanafirana
Published: September 2024

Kebutuhan energi dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi dan industri. Hanya saja, saat ini energi yang digunakan sebanyak 80% masih menggunakan energi konvensional yang tidak dapat diperbaharui dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Jika tidak ditangani, kemungkinan akan terjadi krisis energi. Inovasi energi alternatif dari sumber terbarukan sangatlah diperlukan, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi salah satunya adalah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS). Energi dari sinar matahari dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi pembangkit listrik. Hal ini dilakukan ketika matahari menyinari panel surya, cahaya ini kemudian akan diserap. Bagian di panel surya yang menyerap energi matahari ini adalah photovoltaic atau PV. Efek ini kemudian akan menciptakan muatan listrik. Di kawasan kota berpotensi besar dikembangkannya Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya dengan sistem hybrid yang diaplikasikan di atap bangunan. Dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa metode wawancara dan observasi serta pengukuran yang selanjutnya diperhitungkan dengan rumus, menggunakan software simulasi untuk mendesain sistem PLTS menggunakan PVsyst, memperoleh Detail Engineering Design (DED) dan software Homer Pro yang akan digunakan untuk mengetahui estimasi biaya produksi energi listrik yang dihasilkan.
Differences in human and commercial hybrid pig platelet activation induced by borosilicate glass beads in a modified chandler loop-system
Authors: Christer Tim , Hüner A. , Robering Jan Willem , Mrowietz Christof , Hiebl Bernhard
Published: September 2024

The pig (Sus scrofa) is the most widely used large animal model in Europe, with cardiovascular research being one of the main areas of application. Adequate refinement of interventional studies in this field, meeting the requirements of Russell and Burch’s 3 R concept, can only be performed if blood-contacting medical devices are hemocompatible. Because most medical devices for cardiovascular interventional procedures are developed for humans, they are tested only for compatibility with human blood. The aim of this study was therefore to determine whether there are differences in behavior of human and porcine platelets from commercial hybrid pigs when they come into contact with borosilicate glass, which was used as an exemplary thrombogenic material. For this purpose, changes in platelet count, platelet volume and platelet expression of the activation markers CD61, CD62P and CD63 were measured using a modified chandler loop-system simulating the fluidic effects of the bloodflow. Commercial hybrid pig and human platelets showed significant adhesions to borosilicate glass but the commercial hybrid pigs platelets showed a significantly higher tendency to adhere to borosilicate glass. In contrast to human platelets the platelets of commercial hybrid pigs showed significant activation after 4 to 8 minutes exposure to borosilicate glass and there were differences among the ratios of surface and activation markers in between the platelets of both species.
Sentiment Classification in Mobile Gaming Reviews: Customized Transformer Models with Emojis Retained
Authors: Doan Minh Tri , Dam Minh Phuong , Doan Tram T. , Nguyen Hung , Nguyen Binh T.
Published: September 2024

This research introduces a novel dataset of user reviews in the mobile gaming domain, comprising over 251,000 reviews spanning 72 game types gathered from the Google Play Store. Leveraging advanced natural language processing (NLP) techniques, the dataset undergoes processing to serve as a valuable resource for developing sentiment analysis models. Additionally, this paper presents a new approach utilizing Transformer models for the sentiment analysis problem on this dataset, explicitly focusing on overall sentiment classification into Positive, Negative, or Neutral categories. In this paper, we incorporate emoji data into sentiment classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the inclusion of emojis leads to improved performance. Specifically, the RoBERTa model achieves the highest performance on the emojis dataset, with an Accuracy of 0.942, Loss of 0.146, and F1 Scores for Positive, Neutral, and Negative sentiments at 0.970, 0.800, and 0.930, respectively.
Recognition of Handwritten Tamazight Characters Using ResNet, MobileNet and VGG Transfer Learning
Authors: Fattahi Jaouhar , Sghaier Feriel , Mejri Mohamed , Manai Elyes , Ghayoula Ridha
Published: September 2024

The Tamazight civilization stands as a significant cultural entity, marked by its linguistic diversity, historical legacy, and scriptural traditions, which collectively enrich the cultural tapestry of North Africa. Among these traditions, the Tamazight handwritten script assumes particular importance, embodying centuries of cultural identity and artistic expression. Recognizing the imperative of safeguarding this cultural heritage, our study focuses on Tamazight handwritten character recognition. Leveraging the strategic application of Transfer Learning, we explore its efficacy in this domain. Transfer Learning presents a robust framework wherein pre-existing models are adapted for specific tasks despite limited data availability. Our research employs three prominent Transfer Learning architectures: VGG, ResNet, and MobileNet. Through a rigorous comparative analysis, we discern the efficacy of these methodologies in the context of Tamazight handwritten character recognition. Our findings underscore the potential of Transfer Learning to significantly augment the accuracy and efficiency of script recognition systems, thereby advancing the overarching objective of preserving and propagating the Tamazight cultural heritage.
Nevojenské aspekty litevské bezpečnostní politiky
Authors: Waisová Šárka
Published: September 2024

Republika Litva obnovila svou nezávislost v roce 1990 po rozpadu bipolárního uspořádání. Tento mladý stát musel nově zformovat vlastní zahraniční a bezpečnostní politiku, která by odpovídala novému mezinárodnímu bezpečnostnímu prostředí. Reflexi změn bezpečnostního prostředí můžeme pozorovat jak v zahraniční a bezpečnostní politice jednotlivých států, tak i v teorii mezinárodních vztahů. V rámci oboru mezinárodní vztahy začala již na konci 80. let minulého století probíhat diskuze o rozšíření konceptu bezpečnosti, neboť vojenská, respektive národní bezpečnost byla chápána jako příliš úzký koncept, který neumožňoval zkoumat nové hrozby a rizika.Tato stať vychází při zkoumání litevské bezpečnostní politiky z rozšířeného konceptu bezpečnosti a jako základní rámec analýzy používá koncept bezpečnosti v pojetí kodaňské školy, především B. Buzana. Bezpečnostní koncept kodaňské školy nám umožňuje studovat nevojenské aspekty litevské bezpečnostní politiky a dále referenční objekty a sekuritizující aktéry nevojenských hrozeb. Text se zaměřuje na ekonomické hrozby (např. na nedostatek strategických surovin), na environmentální hrozby (např. na havárie v litevské jaderné elektrárně Ignalina či v jaderných elektrárnách na severozápadě Ruska), dále zkoumá sociálně-kulturní hrozby (např. organizovaný zločin). V závěrečné části stati autorka podrobuje analýze samotný koncept kodaňské školy a možnosti tohoto konceptu.
Black families as embodied policy : politics of dignity transforming colonized policy procedures
Authors:   , Aguayo David
Published: September 2024

Family involvement in U.S. public schools continues to value functional strategies (e.g., homework help, financial contribution, time spent in the classroom) as supports for the school, denying differentiated involvement (e.g., cultural-based practices, caring for a student; Calabrese et al., 2004; Cooper, 2009). In turn, public educators such as practitioners, researchers, and policymakers can perpetuate systemic violence (Bourdieu & Wacquant, 2004) unto racial, ethnic, and language minoritized families by devaluing families' actual contributions to their children's schooling (Boncana & Lopez, 2010). In conceptualizing the educational violence experienced by the families as a Westernized colonial power, a postcolonial approach (Anzaldua, 2007) was used to ask the overarching research question for this dissertation: How do Black families and I become and act as policy agents in the process of policy development? The purpose aimed to explore how three Black mothers and I disrupted and exerted horizontal power and, in turn, developed new educational policy, through a Politics of Dignity. The dissertation was situated in a Midwestern, mid-sized town with one public school district. Data production included 3 local maps and 6 graphs utilized to analyze the geopolitics of the city. Also produced as data were 15 go-along interviews, 42 pages of field notes, 300 pages of handwritten and electronic journals, with access to three years of archival data that included minutes from board meetings, two recorded board meetings, and strategic planning documents. The westernized methodological process was deconstructed using Anzaldua's (2007) <<>>, creating, in turn, a postcolonial, performative case. Specifically, the analysis took on a postcolonial process called reflective action: a relational tension between interview-text-analysis. In exploring how Black mothers and I created postcolonial narratives and humanized our experience as families and policy agents, this postcolonial process helps educators understand the need for the simultaneous deconstruction and construction of one's being to engage in humanizing education. For example, Chapter 4 shows my transition from Educator, Re-searcher into an Activist-Inquirer, enabling me to challenge my own racist attitudes to work with the mothers in a more humane manner. Chapters 5 and 6 demonstrate the mothers' postcolonial survival strategies that confronted local dehumanizing geopolitics, demanding more of their personal situation, while ordering for equitable change from the school district and the city itself. The reconstructions shared herein depict the transformation that the Black parents and I underwent before working collaboratively with the school district. To conclude, I propose a postcolonial process that requires a complete reconceptualization in the following: educational power as horizontal, theory and research as practice, and policy development as inclusive of families as policy entrepreneurs.
Persistent homology : categorical structural theorem and stability through representations of quivers
Authors:   , Meehan Killian
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this thesis is to advance the study and application of the field of persistent homology through both categorical and quiver theoretic viewpoints. While persistent homology has its roots in these topics, there is a wealth of material that can still be offered up by using these familiar lenses at new angles. There are three chapters of results. Chapter 3 discusses a categorical framework for persistent homology that circumvents quiver theoretic structure, both in practice and in theory, by means of viewing the process as factored through a quotient category. In this chapter, the widely used persistent homology algorithm collectively known as reduction is presented in terms of a matrix factorization result. The remaining results rest on a quiver theoretic approach. Chapter 4 focuses on an algebraic stability theorem for generalized persistence modules for a certain class of finite posets. Both the class of posets and their discretized nature are what make the results unique, while the structure is taken with inspiration from the work of Ulrich Bauer and Michael Lesnick. Chapter 5 deals with taking directed limits of posets and the subsequent expansion of categories to show that the discretized work in the second section recovers classical results over the continuum.
Knee contact force prediction during a step-up task using a subject specific musculoskeletal model with anatomical knee
Authors:   , Jahandar Amihossein
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Better understanding of knee mechanics can aid in injury prevention and rehabilitation. Multi-body computational models can be used to better understand the knee mechanics by applying the principles of mechanics to the musculoskeletal system. In this study a subject specific musculoskeletal model was created to predict the right leg muscle, right knee contact and ligament forces during step-up task. The subject specific muscle driven computational model was created by using the MRI of the subject's right leg and motion capture data. A laxity model was also created to calibrate the ligament model in order to predict more accurate ligament forces.
The synthesis of a fluorescent bioconjugation agent
Authors:   , Knulty Ashley T.
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Bioconjugation linkers are used covalently link two molecules, where at least one is a large biomolecule for uses such as tracking cellular function, imaging biomarkers, and disease diagnosis. Generally, a fluorescent molecule is conjugated to the biomolecule of interest as a way to gather data. A new heterobifunctional linker was synthesized to provide turn on fluorescence when attached to a thiol group and hydrazide group. The linker is a coumarin derivative containing a maleimide unit and a reactive aldehyde to form a thioether and hydrozone respectively. Through titrations with N-acetyl-cysteine and acethydrazide sequentially, turn-on fluorescence was observed.
Illusion
Authors:   , Zha Guigen
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] China's economy has been growing rapidly in the last few decades as evidenced by recent GDP and Chinese government's enormous investments on public infrastructure. When it comes to China's golden era, the Tang Dynasty (618-907C.E.) was the most glistening historic period, which had been known as the greatest imperial dynasty in Chinese ancient history marked by its economic and cultural prosperity. The recent economic success of China is reminiscent of a reborn or revival of the flourishing historical era. For such an economic revival in the 21st century, however, China has paid a high price for the negative outcomes of pollution, over exploitation, deforestation, social disparities and conflicts. Though alluring and striking, the so-called "prosperity" in today's China is only superficial, unreal or even illusory for the fact that necessary sacrifice for this "prosperity" is somehow disturbing as if the lesson of Hans Andersen's classic story "The Emperor's New Clothes", where people are only indulged in a self-created, unreal 'illusion' to satisfy their ego, ignorance and arrogance. My painting series entitled Illusion intends to reveal the imaginary yet disturbing 'illusions' of today's China through contradicting juxtapositions of ironic and absurd images. It puts together contrasting dimensional spaces of classical Chinese brush painting and Western neoclassical oil painting and coincides layers of original contexts of images through which new imageries and 'new space' are created for critiques and reflections of the current society in China.
Alumni motivations and social media for engagement
Authors:   , Phelan-Erdey Carla
Published: September 2024

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] As budgets shrink and competition increases, universities strive to engage alumni in support of the institution. The use of social media to engage alumni is a key communication channel. The themes this researcher identified are supported by uses and gratifications theory as well as social capital theory as it relates to the online connection of alumni to the university. The researcher found recent graduates read and engage with posts with (a) strong visuals, (b) nostalgia, (c) an inside look into the organization, and (d) a relaxed or humorous tone. Mid-career alumni are also seeking (a) strong visuals and (b) nostalgia, as well as (c) information for professional growth. All participants agreed that they do not comment on posts they see on university social media accounts primarily because they do not want to get into the fray of what can spiral into negativity online. In seeking to understand what content or engagement motivates alumni to volunteer for, donate to, refer future students to attend, or advocate on behalf of the university, this researcher found recent graduates (a) are motivated by fun incentives, (b) respond best when there is a personal connection, and (c) do not relate to the big donor stories they see. Mid-career alumni (a) attend events that enhance their professional work, (b) refer future students based on advancements and success stories, and (c) make donations based on seeing innovation that is currently taking place.
The racialization of Islam in Germany
Authors:   , Bayer Alexandra
Published: September 2024

The discussion surrounding Islam's place in Germany is far from new; Islam is the third largest religious tradition in Europe, trailing Protestantism and Catholicism. Germany and France have the highest population percentage of Muslims in Europe and the highest population percentage of Turkish immigrants in Western Europe. This conversation, naturally, is not a one-sided, xenophobic, anti-Islam one. It is multifaceted and includes the Muslims targeted in the aforementioned hate-crimes. However, this paper is concerned with the nationalistic, xenophobic, anti-Islam sentiments and the ways in which those sentiments manifest in German society. The focus on a specific subset of German nationalists enables one to begin to unpack the roots of the issues nationalists have with Islam. The German nationalists in this paper view themselves as the spokespeople for all Germans, individuals who fit into a white, Christo-centric understanding of German-ness. German nationalists conceive of the visibility of Islam in Germany (minarets, mosques, headscarves, etc.) as a direct challenge to German and Western European culture, values, and ideals. German nationalists, therefore, racialize Muslims as a dangerous demographic who refuse to, or are incapable of, assimilation or integration into German culture and threaten to upend and eventually destroy an idealized German identity.
Subsidizing the press : understanding journalists' attitudes about corporate and government influence and the public interest
Authors:   , Kwasnik Monica
Published: September 2024

U.S. newspaper companies have been slashing resources, resulting in less original reporting and raising questions about whether private-sector newspapers can adequately serve the public interest. According to social responsibility theory, if the press can't fulfill its obligation to serve society, the government could intervene to ensure that it does. Journalists, protective of their watchdog role, are widely assumed to reject the idea of government involvement. But is this assumption valid, especially at a time when corporate decision-making appears to have strained newsrooms? Semi-structured interviews with newsroom workers at Oregon's four largest daily newspapers revealed that the journalists were keenly aware of market conditions that limited their ability to serve the public interest. Despite management decisions that resulted in shrunken staff and diluted news coverage, however, the journalists believed corporate governance had little influence over their ability to serve the public interest. But when asked to imagine the government as a source of newspaper revenue, the journalists were fearful that subsidies could compromise their watchdog role. Because of newspapers' dire circumstances, however, most of the journalists were open to exploring the potential of expanded government subsidies to prop up newspapers, as long as they came with assurances that the government would not meddle in news coverage. A limited understanding of how these subsidies might work prevented many of the journalists from embracing the idea more fully, an indication that the government's role in supporting the free press has been largely absent from discussions about newspaper reform.