bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Ordered Microporous Carbons Containing Well-Dispersed Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Zhao Chun Xia , Yang Yun Xia , Chen Wen , Webley Paul A. , Li Xiao Yu , Cao Jin Qiao , Du Jing Jing
Published: July 2011

Ordered high surface area microporous carbon molecular sieves containing well-dispersed platinum nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical vapor deposition method. Acetonitrile was employed as carbon and nitrogen precursors to yield N-doped carbon molecular sieves. N-doped carbons have an average nitrogen content of ~ 4.1 wt%. Electrochemical tests showed that the rectangular-shaped CVs of N-doped carbons could be well retained over a wide range of scan rates (5~100 mV/s), and the CV curves presented a steep current change at the switching potentials. N-doped carbons exhibited excellent performance as an electrochemical supercapacitor with a calculated specific capacitance of 168 F/g. Meanwhile, it was noticed that a reasonable Pt loading would help to improve the capacitance. It was proposed that the polarizability or surface state modification by nitrogen doping and regular interconnected porous structure might contribute to the improvement of N-doped carbons’ electrochemical properties.
Preparation of Ultrafine ZnO Powder by Precipitation Method
Authors: Sun Yi , Shen Xiao Yi , Zhai Yu Chun
Published: July 2011

Ultrafine ZnO powder was synthesized by precipitation method, using zinc sulfate and aqueous ammonium carbonate as raw material and precipitant, respectively. The influence of the concentration of aqueous ammonium carbonate on the precipitation rate of Zn2+ was discussed and their relationship was also illustrated. The precipitation rate of Zn2+ increased gradually with the mol ratio of CO32-to Zn2+, which reached up to more than 96% when the mol ratio was 1.2. In addition, the crystal structure and morphology of the precursor and ZnO powder were also characterized using XRD and SEM. The results indicated that ZnO powder was hexagon wurtzite structure and spherical figure with high purity and regular crystal form.
Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of FeZSM-35 Zeolites Directed by Alkyl-polyamine Triethylene-tetramine
Authors: Wei Bo , Li Bing Shi , Ding Hong , Gao Yuan
Published: July 2011

Using a long alkyl-polyamine triethylene-tetramine as structure-directing agent, FeZSM-35 zeolites were synthesized and characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and TG-DTA techniques. EDS and ICP-AES indicate that the transition metal iron ions were framework elements and the mass fraction was 0.48%. The catalytic activity of as-synthesized crystals was examined for the aqueous hydroxylation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide. The phenol conversion was 18.8% and the selectivity on catechol and hydroquinone was ca. 69.1% and 30.9%, respectively. The as-synthesized FeZSM-35 zeolites show relative high selectivity towards catechol and could be a promising catalyst.
Bayesian Network Learn Method for Machine Tool Thermal Stability Modeling
Authors: Li Xi , Feng Dan Feng
Published: July 2011

Maintain the thermal stability of the machine tool is a common problem to achieve intelligent and precise processing control, and its difficulty lies in modeling and real-time compensation. In this paper, considering the correlation of various factors, the correlation of those factors according to experiment data was analysis and optimized, and a dynamic model of thermal error compensation of CNC machine tool based on Bayesian Network theory was found. Moreover, because of the self-learning feature of Bayesian network, the model can be continuously optimized by updating dynamic coefficient, and reflect the changes of processing condition. Finally, the feasibility and validation of this model were proved through the experiment.
Synthesis and Catalytic Property of V-MCM-41 Mesoporous Molecular Sieves by Atrane Route
Authors: Liu Wen Ming , Cao Jia Jia , Fan Chun Ling , Chen Zhao Ping
Published: July 2011

V-MCM-41 molecular sieve with high vanadium content has been prepared by the atrane route. Gas phase partial oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde on the V-MCM-41 molecular sieves catalysts was studied. The structure and characteristic of catalyst were characterized by means of XRD, UV-vis and so on. The experimental results showed that the vanadium content in the framework related to mole ratio of silica to vanadium. The vanadium content in the framework was the highest, when the mole ratio of Si to V was 30. And the vanadium in the framework may be active centers of catalytic oxidation of toluene to benzaldehyde. Under the condition of atmospheric pressure, mole ratio of Si to V 30, space velocity 800 h-1, n(air):n(toluene)=5 and reaction temperature 450°C，the conversion of toluene, selectivity to benzaldehyde and its yield were 20.8%, 41.8% and 8.7% respectively.
Effect of Electromagnetic Stirring on Microstructure of In Situ Synthesized (Al2O3+Al3Zr)P/Al Composites
Authors: Wang Hong Ming , Zhao Bing , He Yan Qiong , Zhao Yi Nan , Li Gui Rong , Zhang Zhao
Published: July 2011

(Al2O3+Al3Zr)P/Al composites were in situ synthesized from Al-Zr(CO3)2 system. In the process of in situ reaction, electromagnetic stirring (EMS) is employed to improve the conditions of reaction between reactants powder and melt. The results indicate that the Lorenz force improves the kinetic condition and accelerates the nucleation of endogenetic particulates. The optimized electromagnetic density is 0.025T. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observation demonstrates that the sizes of reinforced particulates are controlled at 1~2 μm. Moreover, the particulates are well distributed in Al matrix.
Characteration of Protein Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles at Different pH Values
Authors: Liu Yong , Sun Yan , Li Yan Li , Xu Shao Chun , Xu Yao Xing
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the properties of chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (CS NPs) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) loaded chitosan nanoparticles (BSA-loaded CS NPs) prepared with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) at different pH values were discussed. In addition, BSA encapsulation efficiency, zeta potentials and size of CS NPs and BSA-loaded CS NPs were characterized. The results indicated that sizes of CS NPs presented “V” change along with increase of pH values, while the size of BSA-loaded CS NPs showed “U” shape change. BSA encapsulation efficiency reached the biggest value when the pH value was 5.5. Zeta potentials of CS NPs and BSA-loaded CS NPs kept going down when the pH values were increasing, and positive potential of CS-loaded BSA CS NPs became higher than that of CS NPS when the pH value was more than 5.5. BSA-loaded CS NPs prepared at pH 5.5 exhibited regular and close to spherical in shape under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sight.
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Method and Algorithm Based on iSIGHT
Authors: Wang Cheng Long , Zeng Qing Liang , Han Ru Jun , Ren Li
Published: July 2011

Basing on the introduction of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO), Multidisciplinary Design Optimization method based on iSIGHT is given, which includes one general process model and one optimization algorithm. Optimization of one bearing is selected as one example. According to its application, it approves that MDO methods can solve practical engineering problems more effectively because of comprehensive consideration of the internal problems in all disciplines.
Preparation of TiO2 Films on Quartz Glass Plate and Its Study of Photocatalytic Properties in Ultrasound
Authors: Zhang Ping , Yang Hai Feng , Lin Shi Wei , Cao Yang , Wen Feng
Published: July 2011

TiO2 thin films were prepared successfully by dip-coating technique and sol-gel method on quartz glass plate. The photocatalytic properties of the fabricated TiO2 thin films to decompose the Methyl orange(MO) solution with or wihtout ultrasonic vibrations were investigated. Experimental results showed that TiO2 thin films had best photocatalytic properties when it was coated four layers and calcined at 500°C. The sonophotocatalytic technology is more effective for the decomposition of methyl orange than single TiO2 photocatalytic,the degradation rate increased by 35%.In addition,the degradation rate is affected by reaction time, the impact of ultrasonic power.
Antioxidative Activity Evaluation of CoQ10-Nanostructured Lipid Carrier
Authors: Wang Jian Min , Li Yan , Wang Hong Xia , Deng Xue Yang , Fan Heng Feng , Liu Guo Qing , Xia Qiang
Published: July 2011

The CoQ10-NLC aqueous dispersion has been produced and its antioxidative properties have been explored. Several employed methods such as scavenging effect on DPPH radical and inhibition of hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion generation exhibited CoQ10-NLC aqueous dispersion potent antioxidative property. Antioxidative activity analysis demonstrated that CoQ10- NLC aqueous dispersion formulation expressed antioxidative property.
Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine Grained Pure Al Sheets Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Wei Kun Xia , Wei Wei , Du Qing Bo , Hu Jing
Published: July 2011

Usually the heat treatment in the cyclic ARB passes is indispensable to reduce work-hardening effects and improve interface bonding quality. The possibility of accelerating grain refinement of aluminum sheets with a dimension of 300 mm×50 mm×1 mm is investigated during the ARB process at room temperature, in which the samples are rotated by 180 degree around normal plane axis perpendicular to the rolling plane between the adjacent cycles. By means of optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, it shows that the bonding interfaces can not obviously observed after five cycles, and grains are refined to be ~0.5 μm. Tensile tests show the ARB samples exhibit strain hardening behavior after yielding without a sudden fracture even up to seven cycles of ARB. The softening behavior and enhanced ductility was explained by dynamic recovery, the recrystallization process and even abnormal large grains.
Research On Method of Discovering Second Phase Particles with Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Ma Xue Gang , Sang Rong Li , Li Yuan Liang , Shen Yi
Published: July 2011

The microphotograph, size distribution and chemical composition of second phase particles in Q195 steel were characterizated using SEM and EDS. In order to observe the nanometer grade second phase particles, SEM with high resolution should be used. Whether can be second phase particles discovered lies on the preparation method of samples. This method is easier for sample preparation, lower cost, more efficient than TEM method.
Fire Performance and Thermal Insulation of Reinforced Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Peng Hsien Sheng , Chen How Ji , Tang Chao Wei , Chen Yu Ping
Published: July 2011

Structural lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) members have demonstrated greater fire endurance periods than equivalent thickness members made with normal-weight aggregates. Superior performance is due to a combination of lower thermal conductivity, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, and the inherent thermal stability developed by aggregates that have been exposed temperature greater than 1050°C during preprocessing. Furthermore, LWAC exhibits relatively high thermal insulating value, of which the thermal conductivity can be half as much as that of ordinary normal-weight concrete (NWC). Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to implement fire resistance testing for structural and non-structural elements made of LWAC and NWC to assess and compare their fire behavior.
Structure and Fatigue Crack Resistance of Multilayer Materials Produced by Explosive Welding
Authors: Bataev Ivan A. , Bataev Anatoliy A. , Mali Vjacheslav I. , Burov Vladimir , Golovin Evgeniy , Smirnov Aleksandr , Prikhodko Elena A.
Published: July 2011

Multilayer materials produced by explosive welding of low carbon steel were investigated. Non-uniform structure of interlayer boundary was characterized using visible light microscopy, SEM and TEM. It was shown that 4 zones with different structure and mechanical properties present in the welded seams. To estimate fatigue properties of the multilayer materials kinetic diagram of fatigue failure were used. It was revealed that larger boundary waves give more significant contribution to fatigue crack resistance. In experiments carried out in the current research number of cycles to failure of multilayer materials was higher than those for bulk materials.
Influence of Co-Polymer Dispersion Additives onto Shrinkage Strains for Cementitous Mortars and Concretes
Authors: Gruszczyński Maciej
Published: July 2011

In the paper there is presented the influence of different types of co-polymer dispersion additives onto the magnitude of shrinkage and strength properties of cement composites. The effect of application of such additives was compared and confronted with the action of widely used classical admixture reducing shrinkage based on multi-molecular alcohol (propylene alcohol). As a result of conducted tests the significant reduction in shrinkage strains and increase in bending strength was observed due to the application of co-polymer dispersion with the amount of at least 5% of the cement mass. Reduction of shrinkage and improvement of serviceability properties to great extent prejudge the technical attractiveness of co-polymer and cement materials for the cases of concrete structures repairs and constructing industrial floors without joints.
Effects of IGF-I on the Proliferation of Testis Sertoli Cells in Mouse
Authors: Li Shu Feng , Tong Hui Li , Liu Cong Cong , Yan Yun Qin
Published: July 2011

Sertoli cells are an important part of the male reproductive system. Except the function of promoting spermatogenesis such as supporting, providing nutrition and secreting, it also can maintain the immune privilege of testis through the expression of a special surface molecule named FasL. This feature aviods the immune response triggered by self antigen (germ cells) contacting with the body, which can be used to provide immune privilege environment for transplanted cells in areas other than the testis. In this article, we purified mouse sertoli cells, through adding different concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-I receptor inhibitor PPP, we study the role of IGF-I in the proliferation of sertoli cells. The results demonstrated that 30ng/mL IGF-I can promote the proliferation of sertoli cells while 2nmol/L PPP obviously inhibited the proliferation of sertoli cells. This result has a certain significance to obtain the high activity sertoli cells and increase the success rate of xenotransplantation.
Study on the Properties of Pumping Gangue Filler
Authors: Lin Yue Zhong , Lin Dong Cai
Published: July 2011

As reinforcement of goaf filling needs, filling material mined area become the focus of research and development. This study used PO42.5 Portland cement, fly ash, coal gangue, preparation meets the requirements of good performance out of the strength of pumping gangue filler.
Development and Conceptual Design of Steel Deck Pavement Used Cement/Emulsified-Asphalt/Epoxy Resin Concrete
Authors: Ding Qing Jun , Shen Fan , Sun Zheng , Huang Shao Long
Published: July 2011

The objective of this article is to provide a paving project for steel bridge deck based on a new composite bonding system of Cement/emulsified-Asphalt/Epoxy resin (CAE). Reinforced both by Epoxy and emulsified-Asphalt, the cement-based material has reflected good performances, especially rutting deformation at high temperature and adhesive strength with steel blocks, which should be satisfied to long-span steel bridge deck.
Influence of Fiber Type on Concrete Flexural Toughness
Authors: Han Jian Guo , Yan Pei Yu
Published: July 2011

Using PCER (post-crack energy ratio) method and plain concrete specimen as reference, the flexural toughness enhancing ability of propylene spinning fiber, propylene monofilament fiber and end-deformed steel fiber was studied. Experiment results show that under the common engineering dosage, the flexural toughness enhancing ability of end-deformed steel fiber is far more outstanding than propylene fibers, and comparing with each other, the flexural toughness enhancing ability of propylene spinning fiber is better than propylene monofilament fiber. As far as one type of fiber is concerned, under the same dosage, along with the enhancement of concrete strength grade, the flexural toughness enhancing ability tends to decrease. Meanwhile, along with enhancement of curing age, the flexural toughness enhancing ability tends to decrease also.
Experimental Study on Alkali-Activated Slag-Lithium Slag-Fly Ash Environmental Concrete
Authors: Zhang Lan Fang , Wang Rui Yan
Published: July 2011

The aim of this paper is to study the influence of lithium-slag and fly ash on the workability , setting time and compressive strength of alkali-activated slag concrete. The results indicate that lithium-slag and fly-ash can ameliorate the workability, setting time and improve the compressive strength of alkali-activated slag concrete，and when 40% or 60% slag was replaced by lithium-slag or fly-ash, above 10 percent increase in 28-day compressive strength of concrete were obtained.
Experimental Study on CBR Swelling Characteristics of Remolded Expansive Soil
Authors: Chen Ai Jun , Zhang Jia Sheng , Zou Hong Bo
Published: July 2011

The means of current experimental study on expansive soil dilatancy primarily count on triaxial apparatus and compression apparatus. The narrative revealed in the article is in relation with expansive soil trial by means of CBR test, with outcome linked to regulation among swelling amount rating with time, initial moisture content, and dry density, which leads to high value associated with implication for predicting expansive soil deformation with moisture.
Shear Strength Parameters Determination of Compacted Loess with Compression-Tension Tests
Authors: Li Xiao Jun
Published: July 2011

Compression-tension test and direct shear test are used to evaluate the shear behavior of remolded loess under different water content and different dry weight density. Through massive analysis of test data, it is found that the valves of c and φ determined by compression-tension test can be used to characterize the shear strength index of soil.
Manufacturing Technique of Temporary Dental Filling Composite
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Lu Chao Tsang , Huang Shih Yu , Lu Po Ching , Chao Tzu Hsuan , Lin Jia Horng
Published: July 2011

Millions of people worldwide have cavities in teeth, thus ranking cavity issue important in global oral health. This study created the temporary dental composite filling material with zinc oxide, eugenol solvent, and polylactic acid (PLA) fibers. Zinc oxide and eugenol (IRM®) were blended with a weight ratio of 3:1, after which a variety of PLA fibers (2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, and 10 wt%) were then well mixed with the IRM® solution, completing the IRM®/PLA dental filling composite. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different contents of PLA fiber on the prepared filling composite, by employing measurements of leakage property, compressive strength, solubility, leakage and setting timer. In particular, when the PLA fibers was 6 wt%, the IRM®/PLA dental filling composite did not have micro-leakage on Day 13.
Research on the Electrical Electrochemical Properties of the LiFe0.98Mn0.02(PO4)1-0.02/3Cl0.02/C Cathode Materials
Authors: Li Ning , Wu Bo Rong , Zhang Cun Zhong , Yang Chun Wei , Wu Feng
Published: July 2011

The Mn-Cl co-doped LiFePO4 was succefully synthetized by two-step solid-state reaction. After doping, the Lattice constants shifted while the morphology changed only little, revealing that the properties may not be improved by the slight changed grain size but the crystal structure. The co-doped sample presented a high discharge capacity of 161.1mAhg−1 at 0.1C, 157.7mAhg−1 at 0.5C, 149.1mAhg−1 at 1C, nearly 30mAhg−1 higher than that of the pristine LiFePO4/C respectively. The electrochemical reversibility and cycle stability of co-doped LiFePO4/C were enhanced. Moreover, the Li+ diffusion and exchange current density of that was increased after doped with Mn2+ and Cl- .
Preparation and Characterization of Gelatin/Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins Composite Microspheres
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Hu Jin Jia , Huang Chao Chiung , Huang Shih Yu , Yeh Hsiu Hui , Lin Jia Horng
Published: July 2011

Gelatin is a heterogeneous mixture of single or multi-stranded polymers made of amino acids. Its film formability, air permeability, biocompatibility, and hemostatic activity render it appropriate for wound dressing. In this study, we used a syringe to drop gelatin solution into oligomeric proanthocyanidins solution to prepare the composite microspheres. Physical properties of the composite microsphere, such as swelling, stability in water, contact angle, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were examined. We aimed at investigating its potential use in promoting wound healing along with wound dressings. The greatest swelling (1480 %) of the gelatin/OPC composite microsphere was achieved in 10 min. The composite microspheres dissolved 90% in the first 60 min during water stability test. Therefore, the developed composite microsphere has great hydrophilic and can be used in biomedical applications.
Influence of Carbon Sources on the Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/C Composite Cathode Material
Authors: Qin Xiu Juan , Shao Guang Jie , Wu Hong Lian
Published: July 2011

LiFePO4/C cathode material with different carbon sources was synthesized by using a two-step carbothermal reduction method. The structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and galvano-static charge-discharge method. The effect of different carbon sources on the structure, morphology and its electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4/C composite materials were investigated. The results showed that the properties of the samples depended on carbon sources, significantly. The sample synthesized by citric acid as carbon source had the best electrochemical performance. The reason of performance difference of the LiFePO4/C composite materials caused by carbon source was discussed.
The Effect of Rare Earth Modification on the Structure and Catalytic Performance of SO42-/ZrO2 Solid Acid Catalysts
Authors: Chen Ying , Wang Bao Hui , Sun Xue , Li Hui
Published: July 2011

Rare earth modified SO2-4/ZrO2 solid acid catalysts were prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods respectively. The properties of the samples were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). And their catalytic performances were evaluated and investigated by transesterification of waste oil with methanol. The results showed that the catalyst containing 4% Ce and calcined at 550°C displayed the highest production rate and the better reuse ability than the others. 63.5% yield of fatty acid methyl ester was achieved. An analysis of XRD patterns reveal that the incorporation of rare earth into tetragonal zirconia stabilizes the compound, and the calcination at 550°C increases the reactivity of the catalyst by producing a greater fraction of active tetragonal zirconia. It can be seen from the FT-IR spectra that superacids structures are formed in the catalysts and the acidity is strengthened remarkably and the activated centre of the catalyst were increasesed.
An Analysis of how Water-Based Ink Affects the Low Energy Surface Wettability
Authors: Jia Ling , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu , Feng Na
Published: July 2011

Water-based ink in low-energy surface wetting more difficult and hinder its application. In order to solve water ink in low-energy on the surface wettability problem, change the kind of cosolvent, kind and content of surfactants prepared ink. They were tested in low-energy CD the surface contact Angle to examine wettability of ink, test the surface tension, ink affecting wettability factors were analyzed. Results show that: in water-based ink add isopropyl alcohol, flow ping agent 432 and substrate wetting agent 245, can better improve its surface wettability in low-energy, and base material wetting agent 245 content about 1.25% wet effect is good.
Wettability and Water Absorption of Irradiation Cross-Linked UHMWPE
Authors: Ni Zi Feng , Chen Guo Mei
Published: July 2011

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) was prepared by thermal compression molding method and was irradiated by gamma rays at dose of 100 kGy in air. The wettability and water absorption of non-irradiated and irradiation crosslinked UHMWPE were investigated. It was shown that irradiation crosslinking increased the wettability of UHMWPE. The water absorption rate of UHMWPE was extremely low (<0.02%). After irradiation crosslinking, the water absorption rate of UHMWPE increased.
Structure and Properties of Doped ZnO Nanopowders Synthesized by Methanol Alcoholysis Method
Authors: Chen Yi Chuan , Hu Yue Hui , Zhang Xiao Hua , Yang Feng , Xu Hai Jun , Chen Xin Hua , Chen Jun
Published: July 2011

Pured ZnO, Al doped ZnO and Al-In co-doped ZnO nanopowders were synthesized by the methanol alcoholysis method at 130 °C. Structure, morphology and optical properties of ZnO nanopowders were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The results show that ZnO nanopowders can be obtained in methanol solution at low temperature (130 °C). TEM images show that Al doped ZnO nanocrystals grow along the [002] axis quicker than other axes. FTIR spectra show that ZnO nanocrystals synthesized by the methanol alcoholysis include a little organic impurity. PL spectrums reveal that pure ZnO and doped ZnO nanocrystals have a blue band emission at 440 nm and a green band emission at 520 nm and 530 nm, respectively. Compared with the pure ZnO nanocrystal, the Al doping improves the luminescent properties.
Electrochemical Construction of (0001)-ZnO/(111)-Cu2O Heterojunction Diode with Excellent Rectification Feature
Authors: binti Mohamad Fariza , Sasano Junji , Shinagawa Tsutomu , Watase Seiji , Izaki Masanobu
Published: July 2011

The (111)-p-Cu2O/(0001)-n-ZnO heterostructure was successfully fabricated using low-temperature electrodeposition method on Au(111)/Si(100) substrate. The ZnO film deposited at positive current density was composed of aggregates of isolated hexagonal columnar grains, and the interface between ZnO and Cu2O layer was clearly observed. (0002)-oriented continuous ZnO layer deposited on the (111)-Cu2O layer at negative current density, but the metallic Cu layer was formed between ZnO and Cu2O layers by reducing Cu2O to Cu during ZnO deposition. The Cu2O/isolated-ZnO heterostructure showed ohmic feature, and (111)-Cu2O/Cu/(0002)-ZnO heterostructures showed an excellent rectification with rectification ratio of 85.
Highly Porous Carbon Derived from Sunflower Seed Shell for Electrochemical Capacitor
Authors: Xing Wei , Li Xiao , Gao Xiu Li , Zhuo Shu Ping
Published: July 2011

Highly porous carbons were prepared from sunflower seed shell (SSS) by chemical activation and used as electrode material for electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC). The surface area and pore structure of the porous carbons are characterized intensively using N2 adsorption technique. The results show that the pore-structure of the carbons is closely related to activation temperature. Electrochemical measurements show that the carbons have excellent capacitive behavior and high capacitance retention ratio at high drain current, which is due to that there are both abundant macroscopic pores and micropore surface in the texture of the carbons. More importantly, the capacitive performances of these carbons are much better than ordered mesoporous carbons, thus highlighting the success of preparing high performance electrode material for EDLC from SSS.
Facile Fabrication and Characterization of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode
Authors: Yang Zhan Jun , Ren Yan Yan , Li Juan , Hu Xiao Ya
Published: July 2011

A novel strategy was proposed to fabricate carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMEs). The resultant CFMEs were characterized using scan electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Compared to the conventional method, the proposed method only needs a simple heating step for achieving CFMEs without additional pulled, sealed and back-filled procedure. The electrochemical behaviors of 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) at fabricated CFMEs in pH (2.0-9.0) was for the first time studied and demonstrated a two-charge and two-proton transference process.
Manufacture of Biodiesel by Transerification Reaction with Alkali Process from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Leu Jai Houng
Published: July 2011

For self-manufacture of biodiesel, the purchase cost of the feedstock is around the 70% manufacture cost, so, three kinds of the feedstock were tested & analyzed in this paper for decreasing the feedstock purchase cost for the fully developed technique of the transerification reaction with homogeneous/heterogeneous process. The other hand, the pre-treatment procedure for modulation of both acid number and iodine number is the important step for biodiesel manufacture with the feedstock of waste cooking oil (including extracted fat from cooking residue). And, the relating techniques are also developed actively in Taiwan.
Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Polyesteramides Based on ε-Caprolactone and 6-Aminocaproic Acid
Authors: He Yi , Du You Ru , Liu Xiao Bo
Published: July 2011

Biodegradable aliphatic polyesteramides were synthesized from ε-caprolactone and 6-aminocaproic acid by melt-polycondensation method. FTIR, 1H-NMR, DSC, WAXD, TG, and tensile testing were used to characterize the polyesteramides. With the increase in 6-aminocaproic acid content, the melting temperature, thermal degradation temperature and tensile strength at break increased accordingly. The ester bond decomposes at lower temperature, and then the amide bond decomposes at higher temperature.
Evaluation of Li-Mg-B Alloy Anode for Intermediate Temperature Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen Jie , Niu Yong Qiang , Du Jun Lin , Xu Nai Xin , Wu Zhu
Published: July 2011

A ternary Li-Mg-B alloy (64%Li, 4%Mg and 32%B, all compositions are reported as weight percent in this paper) foil was prepared and its phase structure and discharge behavior were investigated. The main phases existing in the alloy included Li5B4, Li3Mg7, LiB and Li. Coupled with LiNO3-KNO3 eutectic electrolyte and MnO2 cathode, the anode exhibited great potential in the intermediate temperature lithium batteries. At temperatures above 200°C, two steady voltage plateaus were obtained at near 3V and 2.7V, and the cell displayed an open-circuit voltage exceeding 3.2V. The experimentally measured capacity of the Li-Mg-B alloy was 5427C·g-1 at 200°C, which was higher than that of LiB alloy (70%Li). Adding magnesium to LiB alloy could lower the cost of anodes without capacity loss.
Study of Dislocation Generation and Growth Orientations in Upgraded Metallurgical Grade Multicrystalline Silicon
Authors: Jiang Yong , Ma Wen Hui , Wei Kui Xian , Zhou Yang , Mei Xiang Yang , Yang Bin , Dai Yong Nian
Published: July 2011

We used high-purity multicrystalline silicon prepared by metallurgical method for the study of directional solidification. The optical microscope was used to observe the etch pits on the surface of silicon wafers, and we calculated their dislocation density. The result showed the space distribution of dislocation density presented “V” shape for each ingot produced at different drop-down rates. The dislocation density of slicon ingots followed the order 10<20<30<40μm/s. The high-resolution glow discharge mass spectroscopy was used to analyze the concentration of transition metal impurities. The macro-morphology of vertical-section of silicon ingots growth at different drop-down rates was observed. The x-ray diffraction measurement was performed to analyze the crystallographic orientations of the silicon ingot growth at 20μm/s, which was a better drop-down rate for producing high-quality multicrystalline silicon.
Technical Application Process for Eco-Friendly Cotton by Antimicrobial
Authors: Lou Ching Wen , Lin Ching Wen , Huang Chao Chiung , Huang Shih Yu , Chan Ping Jung , Lin Jia Horng
Published: July 2011

Apparel textiles in service will adsorb metabolism perspiration from human body, thus prompting microbial propagation and leading to fiber degradation and splash. More seriously, this microbe gives rise to allergy and red swelling on human skin, which makes our body unwell. Staphylococcus aureus is one of common bacteria on human skin, but its excessive breeding on skin will bring red swelling and inflammation. In order to avoid this situation happening, we add antibacterial ingredients in textiles which were not harmful to human and cannot have negative effect on human. And this study aims at seeking for anti-staphylococcus aureus plants, trying to add ingredients from plants in textiles to discuss their antimicrobial change and investigating whether to be potential in textiles application. Phyllanthus Urinaria Linn (PUL) is common in tropical East Asia and can suppress the growth of bacteria regarding staphylococcus aureus, typhoid bacillus, pseudomonas aeruginosa etc. It is shown that when PUL was treated at 60°C for 6 hours in 300 ml 95 % ethyl alcohols, extract rate was up to 12.53 %. And qualitative antimicrobial was effective between 12g/100ml and 0.09375g/100ml PUL extract liquor. And the fabric qualitative antimicrobial was obviously valid when extract concentration was above 0.75g/100 ml. Therefore, cotton treated by 1.5g/100ml PUL extract liquor had prominent antimicrobial effect.
Studies on Alkali Lignin Degradation by Phomolybdic Acid Using Ultrasonic Method
Authors: Yu Fang Dan , Guo Yuan Ru , Pan Qing Jiang
Published: July 2011

The experiments of alkali lignin degradation were catalyzed by phosphomolybdic acid H3PMo12O40 and ultrasonic in homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction. The reaction time, solvents in the reaction, the concentration of phosphomolybdic acid were discussed by the analysis of active functional groups of degraded lignin. The results showed that contents of functional groups increased after degradation by phosphomolybdic acid in both homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction.
Study on A New Inorganic Binder for Fabricating Casting Mold and Core
Authors: Zhang You Shou , Xia Lu , Huang Jin
Published: July 2011

After reviewing deficiencies of organic foundry binders such as furan, phenolic resin, the author in this paper introduces a new inorganic binder which is colorless and tasteless and does not burn when contacted with liquid metal and has no smoke and other harmful materials to emit into atmosphere. In the paper, the hardening characteristic and properties of inorganic binder nobake and heat hardened sand such as tensile strength, humidity resistance, gas forming and collapsibility are investigated. Foundry trials were carried out to prove that the new binder meets practical requirements.
Fixed-Bed Column Study for the Removal of Ag(I)and Cr(III) from Aqueous Solutions Using Puffed Rice Husk
Authors: Wu Yan , Deng Zai Fang , Tao Yang , Luo Xue Gang
Published: July 2011

Fixed-bed column studies for the removal of Ag(Ⅰ) and Cr(Ⅲ) from individual aqueous solutions using puffed rice husk were investigated in this work. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of important column parameters such as bed height, feed flow rate and feed initial concentration of solution. It was found that increasing bed depth yielded longer service time while increase in influent concentration and flow rate resulted in faster breakthrough. Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model was applied to analyze the experimental data and the model parameters were evaluated. Good agreement of the experimental breakthrough curves with the model predictions was observed.
Solvent Extraction and Separation of Palladium(II) from Hydrochloric Acid Medium with N-Benzothiazolylazo Butyl Imide
Authors: Chen Li Li , Qiu Zu Min , Huang Juan
Published: July 2011

A new extractant,N-benzothiazolylazo Butyl Imide(BBI),was synthesized and identified by elemental analysis,infrared spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).The extraction of Pd(II) using BBI diluted with CHCl3 show high efficiency in 0-0.4M HCl medium.The dependence of the extraction percentages of Pd(II),Pt(IV)and base metal ions (Fe(III),Cu(II),and Zn(II)) on the HCl and BBI concentrations demonstrate that the idea condition for Pd(II) extraction is 0-0.4M HCl, 0.01-0.05M BBI.The stoichiometric ratio of Pd(II)-BBI complex is 1:2.The loading capacity of Pd(II) is about 0.5g/L using 0.1M BBI,which is comparable to that using DBSO.Complete stripping of Pd(II),Pt(IV) from loaded organic was proposed with 0.5M thiourea and 0.1M HCl.The Pd(II)-BBI-Cl complex has been characterized by elemental analysis,IR and 1HNMR spectra.
Direct Synthesis of DMC from CO2 and CH3OH over CexZr 1-x-0.1Y 0.1 O2 Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Zhi Fang , Wang Rui Bing , Ma Xiang Rong
Published: July 2011

The solid solution series CexZr(1-x-0.1)Y0.1O2 with various x values was prepared by the citric acid sol-gel method, using cerium and zirconium nitrides as precursors, respectively.The characterization results of the XRD, N2 sorption measurements indicated that the physical properties of the solid solutions were significantly affected by the x values in CexZr(1-x-0.1)Y0.1O2 and the calcination temperatures. These solid solutions can be used as catalyst for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CH3OH and CO2. Results indicated that the catalytic activity for DMC synthesis was influenced by the structure of the solid solutions and the x values in CexZr(1-x-0.1)Y0.1O2. The optimized Ce0.5Zr0.4Y0.1O2 with bimodal pore structure exhibited higher catalytic performance to DMC synthesis.
Characterization and Application in Pretreatment of Landfill Leachate on Modified Bentonites
Authors: Shao Hong , Cao Ning
Published: July 2011

A series of sodium bentonites and cetyl tri methyl ammonium bromide as raw materials were prepared to the modified organic composite montmorillonites. The performance characterization of the modified organic bentonite was observed by means of IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. And the modified organic bentonite was applied into the pretreatment of landfill leachate, which was with the COD as high as 20000-37000 mg/L. The COD removal rate was invested as index. The optimum dosage and the best reaction conditions of bentonite have also been studied. The results indicated that the treatment effect of COD on the modified bentonite was better than the natural bentonite. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of COD reached 67.85% and the load of biological treatment was reduced on the next step.
Preparation of Nano-TiO2 Using a Sol-Gel Process Mediated in Reverse Microemulsion Combined with a Solvent Thermal Technique
Authors: Li Han Sheng , Xu Hang , Wang Shi Ying , Pan Ya Lin , Wu Qin , Liu Chang Hao
Published: July 2011

Anatase nano-titania (nano-TiO2) was prepared by using a sol-gel process mediated in reverse microemulsion combined with a solvent thermal technique. The results show that the anatase structure appears in the calcination temperature range of 400-510°C, while the transformation of anatase into rutile takes place above 510°C. The average particle size (dP) of the nano-TiO2 increases with the rise of water/Triton X-100 molar ratio (ω) but decreases with the rise of acetyl acetone/n-TBT molar ratio (p) and n-hexanol/Triton X-100 molar ratio (m). The obtained TiO2 particles with a small size have high photocatalytic activity.
Controlling Morphologies and Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity of Microstructured BiVO4 in a Microwave Hydrothermal Process
Authors: Hu Yin , Li Dan Zhen , Xiao Guang Can , Shao Yu
Published: July 2011

A CTAB-assisted microwave hydrothermal method was used to synthesize BiVO4 photocatalysts with different shapes. The obtained products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The results showed that the monoclinic phase BiVO4 polyhedron was formed via a tetragonal zircon-type BiVO4 precursor. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra showed a great shift to longer wavelengths in the visible region for the monoclinic phase BiVO4 samples compared to the BiVO4 precursor. The photocatalytic activity of the sample was investigated for the liquid phase photocatalytic degradation of RhB under visible light irradiation (λ>420nm). The effects of different reaction times on the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4 had also been investigated, and the highest efficiency was observed when the sample was prepared at 140 °C for 30min.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis of 2-Phenyl-2-Propanol with Pd/C and Formic Acid
Authors: Feng Jian , Xiong Wei , Jia Yun , Wang Jin Bo , Liu De Rong , Qin Rui Xiang
Published: July 2011

The catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis of 2-phenyl-2-propanol was studied over Pd/C catalyst, using formic acid and formate salts as hydrogen donors. The Pd/C catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma (ICP), N2 adsorption/desorption and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of hydrogen donor, molar ratio of formic acid to 2-phenyl-2-propanol and water content were evaluated. Under mild reaction conditions (80 °C, 2h), 2-phenyl-2-propanol can be hydrogenolyzed to isopropylbenzene with very high selectivity (96.5%) and high conversion (92.8%) in the presence of Pd/C and formic acid. From the viewpoint of environmental friendly principles, this study may open the way to a new approach for the production of propylene oxide.
Discussion the Influence of Nonmetal Doped TiO2
Authors: Han Song , Guo Si Yao , Xiang Wei , Wang Hui , Yang Lin , Wang Feng Fei
Published: July 2011

With the development of the science and technology, environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems all over the world. TiO2 has gained intense research in the past decades due to its applications in environmental puriﬁcation and solar energy conversion. In this paper, we discuss the influence of nonmetal (N, P, S) doped TiO2 were prepared by hydrothermal method, the samples are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of them was evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue under xenon lamp which has similar spectra to solar light. The results domenstrated that the N, P-codoped TiO2 powders exhibited a better photocatalytic activity, and the optimum molar ratio is also investigated.
Hydrothermal Treatment and its Influence on the Structure of Phosphorous Doped Titania
Authors: Guo Si Yao , Wang Feng Fei , Jiang Li , He Dong Po
Published: July 2011

P-doped titania was synthesized by a one step hydrothermal method and sol-gel method, which is characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The samples prepared by hydrothermal method demonstrate higher photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of methylene blue under xenon lamp which has similar spectra to solar light, and also is much superior to that of the commercial P25. The as prepared P-doped titania shows a small particle size (the minimum reaches to 4.5 nm). In addition, the samples prepared by hydrothermal treatment could severely influence the crystal lattice structure. Morever, P-doped titania can further enhacnce the photocatalytic activity effectively, and hydrothermal treatment is a very suitable method for the synthesis of P-doped titania. This excellent performance could endow the as-prepared P-doped titania potential in purifying wastewater.
The Study of Photogradation of Dichlorvos Pesticide Residues in Vegetables
Authors: Liu Tie Bing , Mao Jian Wei , Xiao Gong Nian , Zhu Yin Bang , Liu Bao Jian
Published: July 2011

This paper studies the photodegradation of dichlorvos pesticide residues in vegetables by ultraviolet excimer and direct sunlight. It was observed that the degradation of pesticide residues in vegetables conforms to the dynamic equation for pesticide degradation. The decomposition rate of the same concentration of organophosphorus pesticide was found to vary in different vegetables. This is attributed mainly to the pigments because chlorophyll pigments in different vegetables can stimulate the dichlorvos photodegradation. Through the uv excimer, the residual pesticide in the vegetable can be effectively removed in a short period of time, while the appears to be no adverse affects from this process. Therefore, it is possible to achieve a selective degradation of residual pesticides in vegetables through the use of uv excimers.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A in Wastewater Using Nanometer TiO2 Film
Authors: Tian Peng , Zhang Hui , Shi Zhen Yan , Zhang Miao Yi , Wei Lai , Yang Zi Qian
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the nanometer TiO2 film is prepared by sol-gel method, using tetrabutyl titanate as source, ethanol as solvent. A transparent sol aging in air 30min, titanium dioxide films are prepared by using spin coating method. The BPA solution is degraded by the nanometer TiO2 film. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency is influenced by the initial BPA concentration, the solution pH, irradiation time and the UV irradiation intensity. The short degradation time shows that the nanometer TiO2 film can be used as an easy and efficient method to degrade the BPA solution.
Preparation of Konjac Glucomannan/Tannin/Rice Flour Crosslinked Films
Authors: Luo Yang , Lu Ai Xia , Luo Xue Gang
Published: July 2011

The konjac glucomannan/tannin/rice flour crosslinked films were synthesed. The effects of reaction time, the amount of rice flour, glycerol, sodium hydroxide and crosslinked agent on the synthesis of the films were investigated. Breaking elongation, tensile strength and adsorption capacity were tested to search the optimum conditions of films preparation. The results showed that the optimum conditions of films preparation were reaction time of 1 hour, rice flour of 2g, glycerol of 3mL, sodium hydroxide of 4mL, crosslinked agent of 3mL.
Influence of Z Value and Sintering Temperature on Properties of β-Sialon Bonded Corundum Composite
Authors: Guo Yu Xiang , Qu Dian Li , Sun Yan Fen , Zhang Sheng Xin
Published: July 2011

Using corundum particles and fine powder, α-Al2O3 powder, silicon powder, aluminum powder and some additives as raw materials, β-Sialon bonded corundum composite was synthesized in-situ at the nitrogen atmosphere. The influence of Z value in sialon phase and sintering temperature on physical properties, mechanical properties, thermal shock resistance and anti-oxidation performance of β-Sialon bonded corundum composite was investigated. The results indicate that the comprehensive properties of β-Sialon bonded corundum composite is excellent on condition that Z=2.75, sintering temperature is 1500°C at nitrogen atmosphere.
Effect of Coagulation Bath Concentration on the Structure and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile as-Spun Fibers during Wet-Spinning
Authors: Ji Bao Hua
Published: July 2011

The effect of coagulation bath concentration on the structure and properties of as-spun fibers was systematically analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and the measurement of boiling-water shrinkage, porosity, and mechanical properties analysis, etc. It showed that with the increase of the coagulation bath concentration, the degree of spin orientation and the crystallinity both increased, the microstructure became compact and homogeneous, and the cross section of as-spun fibers tended to be circular. As a result, the breaking tenacity of as-spun fibers and resultant precursors both increased. Adopting the optimizing coagulation bath technique parameters: DMSO/H2O system, coagulation bath temperature 60°C, coagulation bath concentration 65%, and the minus stretch ratio –30%, the precursors and carbon fibers with high performance were prepared.