bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Korean Version of the Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire for Nursing Students in South Korea: Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Hong Minjoo , De Gagne Jennie C , Shin Hyewon , Kwon Suhye , Choi Gum-Hee
Published: April 2020

Background

Cybercivility, the practice of what to say and how to say it in online environments, encourages individuals to treat each other with respect. However, the anonymity of online communities may lead some individuals to behave in ways that violate social and cultural norms. These individuals treat others with a lack of regard and even bully others in faceless online confrontations. This practice of cyberincivility can be found across the internet, on commercial sites, and in schools offering online courses. Research on cybercivility and cyberincivility has increased in the United States, where instruments have been developed to measure the impact of cyberincivility in health profession education. However, there is no available instrument that measures nursing students’ online behaviors in South Korea.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a Korean version of the Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire developed in the United States.

Methods

Data were collected from 213 nursing students in three South Korean colleges. The Academic Cyberincivility Assessment Questionnaire developed by De Gagne and colleagues was adapted to measure students’ knowledge of cybercivility, and their experiences with and acceptability of cyberincivility. Content validity was tested using the content validity index (CVI). Criterion validity was tested using the digital citizenship scale. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach alpha. The goodness-of-fit of construct validity was determined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.

Results

The CVI was 0.8 or higher for all items. Kuder–Richardson Formula 20, measuring reliability of the knowledge scale, was 0.22 and Cronbach alpha, measuring reliability of the experience scale, was .96. The goodness-of-fit of the model was Chi square=5568.63 (P<.001), the comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.92, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.08, which satisfied the criteria. The reliability of the acceptability scale was .96, and the goodness-of-fit indices satisfied the criteria (minimum Chi square/df=2.34, Tucker-Lewis Index =0.92, incremental fit index=0.93, root mean square residual=0.05, CFI=0.93, and RMSEA=0.08).

Conclusions

This study extended and reevaluated the US version of cybercivility scales in a culturally distinct context. The three dimensions of cybercivility include knowledge, experience, and acceptability. Acceptability is well-validated as a dimension, whereas the knowledge dimension requires reexamination for application to Koreans. A revision of the instrument is needed that considers the cultural differences between South Korea and the United States. This paper calls for more attention to be paid to contextualized cybercivility scales among health professions in countries outside the United States.
A Social Media Study on the Associations of Flavored Electronic Cigarettes With Health Symptoms: Observational Study
Authors: Chen Long , Lu Xinyi , Yuan Jianbo , Luo Joyce , Luo Jiebo , Xie Zidian , Li Dongmei
Published: April 2020

Background

In recent years, flavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become popular among teenagers and young adults. Discussions about e-cigarettes and e-cigarette use (vaping) experiences are prevalent online, making social media an ideal resource for understanding the health risks associated with e-cigarette flavors from the users’ perspective.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the potential associations between electronic cigarette liquid (e-liquid) flavors and the reporting of health symptoms using social media data.

Methods

A dataset consisting of 2.8 million e-cigarette–related posts was collected using keyword filtering from Reddit, a social media platform, from January 2013 to April 2019. Temporal analysis for nine major health symptom categories was used to understand the trend of public concerns related to e-cigarettes. Sentiment analysis was conducted to obtain the proportions of positive and negative sentiment scores for all reported health symptom categories. Topic modeling was applied to reveal the topics related to e-cigarettes and health symptoms. Furthermore, generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to quantitatively measure potential associations between e-liquid flavors and the reporting of health symptoms.

Results

Temporal analysis showed that the Respiratory category was consistently the most discussed health symptom category among all categories related to e-cigarettes on Reddit, followed by the Throat category. Sentiment analysis showed higher proportions of positive sentiment scores for all reported health symptom categories, except for the Cancer category. Topic modeling conducted on all health-related posts showed that 17 of the top 100 topics were flavor related. GEE models showed different associations between the reporting of health symptoms and e-liquid flavor categories, for example, lower association of the Beverage flavors with Respiratory compared with other flavors and higher association of the Fruit flavors with Cardiovascular than other flavors.

Conclusions

This study identified different potential associations between e-liquid flavors and the reporting of health symptoms using social media data. The results of this study provide valuable information for further investigation of the health effects associated with different e-liquid flavors.
Global Preparedness Against COVID-19: We Must Leverage the Power of Digital Health
Authors: Mahmood Sultan , Hasan Khaled , Colder Carras Michelle , Labrique Alain
Published: April 2020

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed many areas of public health preparedness that are lacking, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Digital interventions provide many opportunities for strengthening health systems and could be vital resources in the current public health emergency. We provide several use cases for infection control, home-based diagnosis and screening, empowerment through information, public health surveillance and epidemiology, and leveraging crowd-sourced data. A thoughtful, concerted effort—leveraging existing experience and robust enterprise-grade technologies—can have a substantive impact on the immediate and distal consequences of COVID-19.
An Internet-Based Intervention to Alleviate Stress During Social Isolation With Guided Relaxation and Meditation: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Pizzoli Silvia Maria Francesca , Marzorati Chiara , Mazzoni Davide , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Psychophysiological stress and decreased well-being are relevant issues during prolonged social isolation periods. Relaxation practices may represent helpful exercises to cope with anxiety and stressful sensations.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this research protocol is to test whether remote relaxation practices such as natural sounds, deep respiration, and body scan meditation promote relaxation and improved emotional state and reduce psychomotor activation and the preoccupation related to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.

METHODS

The study population will consist of 3 experimental groups that will randomly receive one of 3 internet-based audio clips containing a single session of guided breathing exercise, guided body scan exercise, or natural sounds. The participants will listen to the fully automated audio clip for 7 minutes and complete pre-post self-assessment scales on their perceived relaxation, psychomotor activation, level of worry associated with COVID-19, and emotional state. At the end of the session, the participants will also be asked to provide qualitative reports on their subjective experiences.

RESULTS

Analyses will be performed to test the differences in the efficacy of the different audio clips in an internet-based intervention on 252 participants (84 per group), investigating whether natural sounds or remote guided practices such as deep respiration and body scan meditation positively enhance the participants’ perceived psychological state.

CONCLUSIONS

The study will provide information on if and to what extent guided practices can help in reducing psychological side effects related to social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/19236
Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19: Changing Perspectives in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Preprint)
Authors: Fisk Malcolm , Livingstone Anne , Pit Sabrina Winona
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. On that date, there were 134,576 reported cases and 4981 deaths worldwide. By March 26, 2020, just 2 weeks later, reported cases had increased four-fold to 531,865, and deaths increased five-fold to 24,073. Older people are both major users of telehealth services and are more likely to die as a result of COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE

This paper examines the extent that Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, during the 2 weeks following the pandemic announcement, sought to promote telehealth as a tool that could help identify COVID-19 among older people who may live alone, be frail, or be self-isolating, and give support to or facilitate the treatment of people who are or may be infected.

METHODS

This paper reports, for the 2-week period previously mentioned and immediately prior, on activities and initiatives in the three countries taken by governments or their agencies (at national or state levels) together with publications or guidance issued by professional, trade, and charitable bodies. Different sources of information are drawn upon that point to the perceived likely benefits of telehealth in fighting the pandemic. It is not the purpose of this paper to draw together or analyze information that reflects growing knowledge about COVID-19, except where telehealth is seen as a component.

RESULTS

The picture that emerges for the three countries, based on the sources identified, shows a number of differences. These differences center on the nature of their health services, the extent of attention given to older people (and the circumstances that can relate to them), the different geographies (notably concerned with rurality), and the changes to funding frameworks that could impact these. Common to all three countries is the value attributed to maintaining quality safeguards in the wider context of their health services but where such services are noted as sometimes having precluded significant telehealth use.

CONCLUSIONS

The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing changes and may help to establish telehealth more firmly in its aftermath. Some of the changes may not be long-lasting. However, the momentum is such that telehealth will almost certainly find a stronger place within health service frameworks for each of the three countries and is likely to have increased acceptance among both patients and health care providers.
CURRENT ISSUES OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY OF ARVI AND INFLUENZA IN MILITARY UNITS
Authors: Malinovskaya V. V. , Mosyagin I. G. , Korzhov I. V.
Published: April 2020

Conducting preventive medical and epidemiological measures for influenza and ARVI in closed military units, including on ships, vessels and auxiliary units of the Navy, is a factor of increasing the combat effectiveness of forces of the Russian Army. In the structure of total morbidity of military personnel, acute respiratory viral infections account for 35–50%, however, during the young military reinforcement, the incidence of these infections in combination with community-acquired pneumonia can reach 70–80%. The risk of exceeding the epidemiological threshold for respiratory tract infections, the etiological basis of which is viral aggression, is especially important in newly formed military contingents, for units participating in local military conflicts and peacekeeping operations, as well as with a new recruitment of cadets at training centers. The use of non-specific antiviral drugs based on exogenous recombinant interferon -2b is one of the conditions for adequate prevention of influenza and ARVI in closed military units. The paper presents the results from the analysis of publications on the effectiveness and Viferon® safety in the treatment of influenza and ARVI. Viferon is a preparation of recombinant human interferon -2b with a complex of antioxidants in various dosage forms, used in the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza. Use of Viferon in various dosage forms is a reliable method of prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections in military forces, including on ships, vessels and auxiliary units of the Navy, at risk of emergency epidemiological situations due to ARVI and influenza, in conditions of limited contingent.
COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE TRAUMATIC SPINAL INJURIES IN SAINT PETERSBURG
Authors: Lobzin S. V. , Mirzaeva L. M.
Published: April 2020

Almost every sailor during performing his job duties aboard receives injuries of varying severity, among which the most common are deck fractures, including compression vertebral fractures, as well as open and closed vertebral fractures with spinal cord injuries. Besides the recovery of disordered functions of the spinal cord, in cases of spinal cord injury, the fight against numerous neurological, infectious and somatic complications affecting the survival and quality of life of patients is still relevant.

Objective: to study the incidence of complications of traumatic injuries of the spinal cord under initial hospitalization, their impact on the length of hospital stay, to identify and evaluate the role of risk factors in the development of complications.

Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted according to the archived case histories of patients hospitalized in neurosurgical hospitals in St. Petersburg. 311 cases of acute spinal cord injury in 2012–2016 were analyzed.

Results: complications not directly related to spinal cord injury, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, bedsores, sepsis, thromboembolism, urinary tract infections, postoperative wound pyogenesis and others (damage to other organs and systems), were found in one third of patients (33,8%), in half of the cases there were multiple complications (2 or more), the most frequent — respiratory (23,5%) and pressure sores (10%). Complications significantly increased the length of hospital stay. The dependence of the frequency of complications on age, the level of spinal cord damage and the severity of the injury was revealed. Risk factors such as concomitant head injury and alcohol intoxication have been found. The revealed positive effect of corticosteroids on the regression of neurological deficit was not statistically confirmed. At the same time, there was a significant increase in the frequency of respiratory complications when using corticosteroids.

Conclusion: Knowledge of the factors affecting the incidence of complications, optimization of their prevention and therapy will shorten the duration of hospitalization and improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients. The issue of use of corticosteroid therapy in the acute period of traumatic injuries of the spinal cord remains debatable. When choosing therapeutic tactics for managing patients with spinal trauma, it is necessary to take into account the risk of respiratory complications and carefully evaluate the ratio of benefits to harm.
The Protection of Women and Children as Victims of Human Trafficking in Jambi Province
Authors: Hafrida Hafrida , Herlina Nelli , Adamy Zulham
Published: April 2020

The research aims at studying the policy of the Regional Government in protecting the victims of human trafficking, especially females and children. This legal research is based on an empirical study at Regional Police (POLDA), P2TP2A, and Social Services office in Jambi Province. The Law Number 35/2014 on the Amendment of The Law Number 23/2002 on Child Protection provides a greater portion for the Regional Government to take active roles in providing child protection and Presidential Regulation Number 69/2008 about Task Force Prevention and Handling the Criminal Act of Trafficking Victim. Using analysis of descriptive qualitative, it is learned that the handling of the women and children as victims of trafficking remain partially. The responsible institutions have not well-coordinated because a task force as commissioned by Presidential Regulation number 69/2008. The results show that Jambi Province has passed Jambi Province Regional Regulation Number 2/2015 on Prevention and Handling of Human Trafficking towards Females and Children. However, the study also shows that the regulation has not been applied by related parties since Governor’s regulation as implementing regulation is inexistent.
A Comparative Analysis of Indonesia’s KPK and Hong Kong ICAC in Eradicating Corruption
Authors: Arifin Ridwan , Rodiyah Rodiyah , Puspita Fitria
Published: April 2020

This article seeks to discusses anti-corruption policies in Indonesia and Hong Kong. This research arises from the phenomenon of corruption that has become widespread in Indonesia and seems to be a never-endingproblem that has caused great damage in all sectors of life. It's not only a matter of how much the state loss or corrupt modus operandi that is even more sophisticated and even makes Indonesia one of the highest-rankingcountries in corruption cases, but it is also a matter of law enforcement whihch is less smart in handling corruption cases themselves. On the other hand, reportedly having a different approach in combating corruption, Hong Kong is considered to have been successful in carrying out its duties. With comparative study, this article will elaborate various patterns of work conducted by anti-corruption institutions in Indonesia and Hong Kong, namely the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC).
Chemical profiles and biological properties of methanol extracts of Allium pallens L. from different localities in Turkey
Authors: Emir Ahmet , Emir Ceren
Published: April 2020

Many species of the Allium genus, principally the cultivated forms, are widely used as vegetables, spices and natural therapeutics due to their beneficial health properties. This study aimed to identify the phenolic composition and biological activities of the bulb, stem and flower parts of Allium pallens L., collected from two different localities. A total of 28 phenolic compounds were investigated by LC-ESI-MS/MS, and gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and benzoic acid were found to be the major phenolic compounds in the plants from both locations. Total phenolic- and flavonoid-content analyses of samples were carried out using spectrophotometry, and the stem extracts were found to be rich in phenolics. DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and CUPRAC assays were used to determine the antioxidant capacities of the extracts. A linear relation was observed between the phenolic contents of the extracts and their antioxidant activities, and the stem extracts of plants from both locations were found to have potent antioxidant capacity. The inhibitory activities of the extracts against acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase were determined using a 96-well microplate reader. The antibutyrylcholinesterase activity of the extracts was found to be the highest. The outcomes of these investigations were further explored, and the underlying structure of multivariate data was revealed using principal component analysis. This study presents the distribution of chemical constituents and biological activities of the different parts of A. pallens, and also contributes to further investigations of Allium species.
Long-term Metabolic and Socioeducational Outcomes of Transient Neonatal Diabetes: A Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Le Bourgeois Fleur , Beltrand Jacques , Baz Baz , Julla Jean-Baptiste , Riveline Jean-Pierre , Simon Albane , Flechtner Isabelle , Ait Djoudi Malek , Fauret-Amsellem Anne-Laure , Vial Yoann , Scharfmann Raphael , Sommet Julie , Boudou Philippe , Cavé Hélène , Polak Michel , Gautier Jean-François , Busiah Kanetee ,   TNDM Long-Term Follow-Up Study Group, Abu-Amara Olivieri Sawsan , Bachere Nadège , Bellanne-Chantelot Christine , Bertrand Anne-Marie , Bourron Olivier , De Boisvilliers Fabienne , Deumier Bernard , Gourdy Pierre , Hartemann Agnès , Jellimann Stephanie , Le Tallec Claire , Martin-Dessilla Amélie , Paoli Anne , Perrin Mireille , Ribstein Jean , Saint-Martin Cécile , Thivolet Charles , Vialettes Bernard , Ythier Hubert
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) occurs during the 1st year of life and remits during childhood. We investigated glucose metabolism and socioeducational outcomes in adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 27 participants with a history of TNDM currently with (n = 24) or without (n = 3) relapse of diabetes and 16 non-TNDM relatives known to be carriers of causal genetic defects and currently with (n = 9) or without (n = 7) diabetes. Insulin sensitivity and secretion were assessed by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and arginine-stimulation testing in a subset of 8 TNDM participants and 7 relatives carrying genetic abnormalities, with and without diabetes, compared with 17 unrelated control subjects without diabetes.

RESULTS

In TNDM participants, age at relapse correlated positively with age at puberty (P = 0.019). The mean insulin secretion rate and acute insulin response to arginine were significantly lower in TNDM participants and relatives of participants with diabetes than in control subjects (median 4.7 [interquartile range 3.7–5.7] vs. 13.4 [11.8–16.1] pmol/kg/min, P < 0.0001; and 84.4 [33.0–178.8] vs. 399.6 [222.9–514.9] µIU/mL, P = 0.0011), but were not different between participants without diabetes (12.7 [10.4–14.3] pmol/kg/min and 396.3 [303.3–559.3] µIU/mL, respectively) and control subjects. Socioeducational attainment was lower in TNDM participants than in the general population, regardless of diabetes duration.

CONCLUSIONS

Relapse of diabetes occurred earlier in TNDM participants compared with relatives and was associated with puberty. Both groups had decreased educational attainment, and those with diabetes had lower insulin secretion capacity; however, there was no difference in insulin resistance in adulthood. These forms of diabetes should be included in maturity-onset diabetes of the young testing panels, and relatives of TNDM patients should be screened for underlying defects, as they may be treated with drugs other than insulin.
Commercially Available Insulin Products Demonstrate Stability Throughout the Cold Supply Chain Across the U.S.
Authors: Garrett Timothy J. , Atkinson Philip , Quinlivan Eoin P. , Ang Lynn , Hirsch Irl B. , Laffel Lori , Pietropaolo Massimo , Haller Michael J. , Atkinson Mark A.
Published: April 2020

OBJECTIVE

A recent publication questioned the integrity of insulin purchased from U.S. retail pharmacies. We sought to independently validate the method used, isotope dilution solid-phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and expand analysis to two U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) methods (high-performance LC with ultraviolet detection and LC-MS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Each method was used to evaluate nine insulin formulations, purchased at four pharmacies, within five geographic locations in the U.S.

RESULTS

All human and analog insulins measured by the USP methods (n = 174) contained the expected quantity of active insulin (100 ± 5 units/mL). When using isotope dilution SPE-LC-MS, units-per-milliliter values were well below product labeling due to unequal recovery of the internal standard compared with target insulin.

CONCLUSIONS

Insulin purchased from U.S. pharmacies is consistent with product labeling.
A study of prevalence of polymorphic variants of genes of blood coagulation factors in onco-logical patients
Authors: Zykova Tatiana A. , Vladimirova Lyubov Yu. , Katelnitskaya Oksana V. , Maslov Andrey A. , Shevyakova Elena A. , Lysenko Irina B. , Abramova Natalia A. , Storozhakova Anna E. , Popova Irina L. , Novoselova Kristina A. , Tikhanovskaya Natalya M. , Lyanova Aza A. , Ryadinskaya Lyudmila A. , Tishina Anna V. , Tishchenko Irina S. , Kabanov Sergey N. , Kalabanova Elena A.
Published: April 2020

Aim. To study the prevalence of carriage of polymorphic allele variants of genes of blood coagulation factors in oncological patients.
Materials and Methods. 213 Patients with morphologically confirmed oncological diseases were examined. Samples of genomic DNA of peripheral blood of the patients were examined. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), polymorphic sites of genes of hemostatic system were studied in real time: F2 (G20210А, rs1799963), F5 (G1691A, rs6025), F7 (G10976A, rs6046), F13 (G226A, rs5985), FGB G(-455)A (rs1800790), ITGA2-2 (C807T, rs1126643), ITGB3-b (Т1565С, rs5918), PAI-1 4G(-675)5G, rs1799889).
Results. The prevalence of carriage of alternative allele of F2 (G20210А) polymorphic locus in the studied group was 1.6%, of F5 (G1691A) 3.5%, of F7 (G10976A) 13.4%, of F13 (G226A) 28.2%, of FGB G(-455)A 24.9%, of ITGA2-2 (C807T) 41.5%, of ITGB3-b (Т1565С) 15.5%, of PAI-1 4G(-675)5G 56.6%. A statistically significant increase in the frequency of risk alleles of F5 G1691A (р=0.0169), F13 G226A (р=0.0007), FGB G(-455)A (р0.0001) and ITGA2-2 C807T (р=0.0201) polymorphic loci was found in oncological patients as compared to the general population. In the same loci, except ITGA2-2 (C807T), statistically significant differences in the frequency of alternative alleles were found in different localizations of the oncological process. In 92.0% of patients, SNR combination was determined in different components of hemostatic system.
Conclusion. Taking into account a high frequency of identification of risk alleles in all components of hemostatic system, it is reasonable to carry out additional research to determine the necessity of addition of antiaggregants to antithrombotic therapy in oncological patients.
A complex case of diagnosis of Conn’s syndrome
Authors: Ignatenko Grigory A. , Grekov Ilya S. , Grushina Marina V. , Dubovyk Anna V.
Published: April 2020

The primary hyperaldosteronism also known as Conns syndrome, is a rarely diagnosed disease that commonly runs under a mask of ischemic heart disease and the primary arteria hypertension (AH). Nevertheless, the incidence of the given pathology among all patients with AH makes almost 17%. On the other hand, the absence of specific clinical manifestations of the disease makes its timely and correct diagnosis difficult which is fraught with serious complications. In the article a clinical case of Conns syndrome and peculiarities of its diagnosis are described.
A foreign body (a coin) of Meckel’s diverticulum in a two-year-old child
Authors: Gavrilyuk Vasily P. , Kostin Stanislav V. , Muchkina Valentina A. , Severinov Dmitry A. , Kosolapova Natalia V.
Published: April 2020

Meckels diverticulum is a sac-like bulge of the wall of ileum formed in result of incomplete closure of the viteline duct that participates in nutrition of the embryo.
Aim. To familiarize a wide community of colleagues with an interesting clinical case of a foreign body (a coin) in Meckels diverticulum. In the article, approaches to diagnostics and operative treatment of such patients are given. This clinical observation is of interest to abdominal surgeons from the point of view that Meckels diverticulum is most commonly identified by clinical symptoms present in diverticulitis, bleeding or perforating ulcer, in intestinal obstruction caused by formation of a node or of invagination.
Conclusion. A situation in which a blunt-ended foreign body permitted to identify Meckels diverticulum, is described as casuistically rare.
Apoptosis in vascular pathology: present and future
Authors: Kalinin Roman E. , Suchkov Igor’ A. , Klimentova Еmma A. , Egorov Andrey A. , Povarov Vladislav O.
Published: April 2020

Apoptosis is recognized as a programmed cell death controlled by genetic mechanisms and required for normal existence of an organism. Its main task is elimination of defective or mutant cells. The particles of dead cells are engulfed by macrophages with no development of inflammatory reaction. Apoptosis actively participates in embryogenesis, cellular homeostasis, elimination of tumor cells, and may be divided to three phases: signal, effector, and degradation. Its main components are cytoplasmic proteases caspases. Caspases exist in the cytoplasm in inactive condition in the form pf procaspases. Being activated, they break down to subunits. Proteins of Bcl-2 family are active participants of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. They influence permeability of the outer membrane of mitochondria. Disorders in the mechanisms of apoptosis underlie many diseases including ischemic lesions, autoimmune disorders, malignant neoplasms. The ability to influence survival or death of cell is known to possess enormous therapeutic potential. At present, active research is under way to study signal pathways that control cell cycle and apoptosis. The article discusses the mechanisms participating in death of vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells, potential role of apoptosis in atherosclerosis is also described.
Physiological correlates of neuro- and magnetic stimulation in therapy of epilepsy
Authors: Sorokina Nataliya D. , Pertsov Sergey S. , Selitskiy Gennadiy V.
Published: April 2020

In the literature survey, non-pharmaceutical methods of therapy of epilepsy are considered including electrostimulation of vagus nerve, exposure to magnetic field and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Correlates of the effectiveness of electro- and magnetic stimulation are electrophysiological parameters, clinical data and influence on the mental and cognitive functions. Use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in addition to antiepileptic drugs has a certain ground. According to modern understanding and the results of experimental studies, the mechanism of modulator inhibitory alterations is associated with a potential of TMS to cause long-term synaptic depression or long-term potentiation. These long-lasting phenomena probably underlie anticonvulsant effects of low frequency magnetic stimulation. Inclusion of physiologists and neurophysiologists into the research will permit to solve such an important problem as a study of physiological mechanisms of the effectiveness of non-pharmacological electro- and magnetic action in epilepsy.
Mathematical model of improved reverse charging of wireless internet pricing scheme in servicing multiple QoS
Authors: Puspita Fitri Maya
Published: April 2020

This paper seeks to utilize the improved model of reverse charging scheme.  Reverse charging basically is defined as a capability of stored network that replaces the network used when the network is suddenly shut down. In this paper,  charging back on 3G and 4G network that is user automated platform, will change the access of 4G to 3G and on the contrary when platform conduct the hosting. This research was solved as a problem Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) by LINGO 13.0. An optimal pricing scheme is applied to a local data server, including digilib traffic and mail traffic. The improved model of Reverse Charging is modified into 4 cases and formed by setting the base price (α) and service level (β). Based on the analysis that has been done, the results of this study indicate that the reverse charging model can be utilized Internet Service Provider (ISP) to maximize profits and provide quality services for the user if compared to previous model without reverse charging scheme. Keywords: improved model of revere charging scheme, MINLP, ISP, QoS, pricing scheme
Peran Kegiatan Fun cooking dan Country Project dalam Kemampuan Matematika Awal dan Berpikir Kritis Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Herminastiti Rini
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aims to determine the role of fun cooking and country project in developing the ability of early mathematics and critical thinking of early childhood in PAUD AL-Fitri Jakarta. The subjects of this study were children aged 5-6 years in Group B which consist 10 children. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. The data is then processed through Engineering triangulation. Based on the results of the child's research, information was obtained that the activities of fun cooking and country projects that were integrated according to the theme had a role in the children ability of early Mathematics and critical thinking. Fun cooking and Country Project activities have a role in the ability of early Mathematics of children, especially in grouping, counting, calculating and weighing the amount of food that need to be processed or supporting activities. Fun cooking and Country Project activities have a role in children's critical thinking ability when children classify and connect the prepared food to certain regions in Indonesia or the world. In addition, when making these foods, children use their critical thinking skills when taking steps to cook in sequence, associating the amount of food with numerical symbols and the distinctiveness of taste, and the smell of food made. Keywords: fun cooking, country project, early Mathematics ability, critical thinking ability.   AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran fun coooking dan country project dalam mengembangkan kemampuan Matematika awal dan berpikir kritis anak usia dini di PAUD AL-Fitri Jakarta. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun, Kelompok B berjumlah 10 orang. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data selanjutnya diproses melalui triangulasi Teknik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian anak, diperoleh informasi bahwa kegiatan fun cooking dan country project yang terintegrasi sesuai tema memiliki peran dalam kemampuan Matematika awal dan berpikir kritis anak. Kegiatan fun cooking dan Country Project memiliki peran dalam kemampuan Matematika awal anak terutama dalam mengelompokan, membilang, menghitung dan menimbang jumlah bahan makanan yang akan diolah ataupun kegiatan pendukung. Kegiatan fun cooking dan Country Project memiliki peran dalam kemampuan berpikir kritis anak ketika anak mengklasifikasikan dan menghubungkan makanan yang akan disiapkan merupakan makanan khas daerah tertentu di Indonesia atau dunia. Selain itu ketika membuat makanan tersebut anak menggunakan kemampuan berpikir kritisnya ketika melakukan langkah-langkah memasak secara berurutan, mengaitkan jumlah bahan makanan dengan simbol-simbol angka maupun kekhasan rasa, aroma dari makanan yang dibuat.   Kata Kunci:  fun cooking, country project, kemampuan matematika awal, kemampuan berpikir kritis
Penggunaan Media Wayang Godong Dalam Menanamkan Karakter Menghargai Pada Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Lestaningrum Anik , Jayanti Ratna Dewi
Published: April 2020

Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana penanaman karakter menghargai pada anak usia 5-6 tahun menggunakan media wayang godong. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan menggunakan siklus spiral dari Kemmis dan Taggart yang terdiri dari: (a) Perencanaan; (b) Tindakan; (c) Observasi; dan (d) Refleksi. Data penelitian ini diambil dari 16 orang kelompok usia 5-6 tahun TK Sinar Pagi Wonorejo, Kabupaten Tulungagung selama 3 bulan Oktober-Desember 2018. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa karakter menghargai dapat ditingkatkan melalui penggunaan media wayang godong. Hasil penelitian menunjukan peningkatan dari pra tindakan pengembangan konsep menghargai diperoleh hasil yang kurang maksimal yaitu dari 16 anak terbukti bahwa dalam berperilaku menghargai yang baik belum muncul sebanyak 50%, Mulai Muncul 30%, berkembang sesuai harapan 15% dan berkembang sangat baik 5%. Contohnya dari perilaku menghargai yang kurang ditunjukan dengan adanya anak yang masih merebut mainan, ada anak yang mendorong temannya, tidak mau berbagi makanan, dan juga perilaku mengejek temannya  , hasil tindakan siklus I meningkatkan rata-rata kelas menjadi sebesar 25%  dan pada siklus II meningkat 62,5% serta siklus III sebesar 75%.  Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media wayang godong sebagai alternatif media pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan lingkungan sekitar serta menyenangkan bagi anak dapat mengeksplorasi berbagai macam pengetahuan baru yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari serta mengembangkan semua aspek potensial sesuai dengan tahapan perkembangannya.
Penggunaan Media Buku Cerita Bergambar dalam Perkembangan Bahasa Anak
Authors: Selian Widya Anggraini , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Sariah Sariah
Published: April 2020

This research was instigated by some problems of student language development, so it aimed at knowing the effect of using Story Book with Picture media toward student language development at Group B of Mayang Kindergarten Pekanbaru. It was conducted from June to October 2019 at Mayang Kindergarten Pekanbaru. The subjects of this research were the students. There were two classes that were studied by the researcher—15 students of group B2 as the experimental group and 16 students of group B3 as the control group, and they were 31 students. The object was the effect of using Story Book with Picture media toward student language development at Group B of Mayang Kindergarten Pekanbaru. Observation, documentation, and interview were the techniques of collecting the data. Based on the research findings, the use of Story Book with Picture media could affect student language development, and it was based on the comparison between pretest and posttest of experimental group using t-test. It was obtained that tobserved was 20.051, and Sig. (2-tailed) 0.000. Because Sig. (2-tailed) was lower than 0.05, it could be concluded that there was a significant effect after using Story Book with Picture media toward student language development.  So, it meant that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. There was an effect before and after using Story Book with Picture media toward student language development of experimental group. The effect of using Story Book with Picture media toward student language development at Group B of Mayang Kindergarten Pekanbaru was . Keywords: Story Book with Picture Media Use, Language Development
Pengembangan Model Media Audio-Visual untuk Meningkatkannilai-Nilai Agama dan Moral Anak Usia Dini Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Margaretha Lydia , Pura Dwi Nomi
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Merancang Pengembangan Media audio-visual yang dapat meningkatkan nilai-nilai agama dan moral pada pembelajaran; (2) Mendeskripsikan efektivitas penggunaan media audio-visualuntuk meningkatkan nilai-nilai agama dan moral. Subyek penelitian ini adalah guru dan anak PAUD kelas B Kota Bengkulu. Sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalahberupa media audio-visual sebagai media pembelajaran aspek nilai-nilai agama dan moral. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan “ Penelitian Pengembangan” ( Research and Development). Penelitian dan pengembangan bertujuan untuk menemukan dan mengembangkan dan memvalidasi suatu produk, dengan demikian penelitian R&D bersifat longitudinal, penelitian dan pengembangan juga suatu metode yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk baru dan menguji keefektifan produk tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini maka diambil kesimpulan: (1) Media audio-visual sebagai media pembelajaran yang dapat menjelaskan hal mengenai nilai-nilai agama dan moral yang bersifat abstrak menjadi kongkrit dan menarik perhatian anak sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai-nilai agama dan moral anak. (2) Media audio-visual yang dikembangkan ini merupakan media alternatif yang  efektif sebagai media pembelajaran aspek nilai-nilai agama dan moral untuk meningkatkan nilai-nilai agama dan moral anak PAUD Kelas B. Peningkatan nilai-nilai agama signifikan berdasarkan hasil uji-t taraf signifikasi 0,00 yang lebih kecil dari 5%. Penggunaan media audio-visual dapat meningkatkan moral anak setelah menggunakan media audio-visual lebih tinggi dibanding sebelum menggunakan media audio-visual.
Asesmen Aspek Perkembangan Nilai Agama dan Moral Menggunakan Teknik Penilaian Penugasan (Unjuk Kerja) di TK Al-Fadillah Kelompok (B) Usia 5-6 Tahun Sleman DIY
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian langsung di lapangan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendeskripsikan implementasi asesmen aspek perkembangan nilai agama dan moral di TK Al-Fadlillah, Sleman, DIY (2) Mendeskripsikan teknik penilaian berupa penugasan (unjuk kerja) dan instrumen penilaian yang digunakan di TK Al-Fadlillah, Sleman, DIY (3) mendeskripsikan tindak lanjut yang dilakukan guru setelah penilaian berlangsung. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan teknik Miles dan Hubberman melalui proses reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari analisis data yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa asesmen aspek perkembangan nilai agama dan moral melalui melalui teknik penilaian unjuk kerja dilakukan setiap hari contoh kegiatannya adalah anak berdoa, memberi salam, dan berbagi, setiap minggu contoh kegiatannya adalah mempraktekkan gerakan beribadah, membacakan doa-doa pendek, dan lain sebagainya, setiap bulan, dan setiap semester. Untuk penilaian menggunakan teknik penugasan (unjuk kerja) dalam melihat aspek perkembangan nilai agama dan moral di TK Al-Fadlillah, Sleman, DIY guru menggunakan instrumen penilaian berupa ceklis dan portofolio.
Опровергать, не оговорив содержания рассматриваемых понятий… или вынужденное возвращение к теме «Цитируемость – использование – ценность» (по поводу публикации А.А. Крулева «Цитирование как форма научных коммуникаций»)
Authors: Лазарев Владимир
Published: April 2020

Полемическая публикация А.А. Крулева «Цитирование как форма научных коммуникаций» (Научные и технические библиотеки. – 2020. – № 3. – С. 79–92) представляют собой критический разбор трех публикаций автора этих строк, в котором подвергается сомнению причинно-следственная связь цитируемости научных документов с их использованием, а использования – с их ценностью. При этом, в рассматриваемой публикации, в частности, 1) отсутствует какой либо анализ понятия «ценность научного документа», а критика осуществляется как без учета трактовки ценности, исповедоваемой автором рассматриваемых публикаций, так и без опоры на какое-либо иное определение ценности (а еще и со смешиванием понятий «ценность» и «качество»); 2) в качестве однородных рассматривается понятия, выделенные по различным основаниям; 3) принципиальная закономерность подвергается сомнениям на том основании, что действия некоторых людей, не соответствующие этическим нормам, могут быть произвольно направлены против ее проявления; 4) высказываются неоднократные произвольные претензии к автору рассматриваемых публикаций по поводу того, что им не проанализирован ряд вопросов – безо всякого обоснования необходимости их рассмотрения. Настойчивая и внешне разноплановая критика, из которой состоит упомянутая статья, требует опровержения, которое невозможно без 1) повторного рассмотрения взаимоотношения понятий «цитируемость», «использование» и «ценность», 2) повторного рассмотрения взаимоотношения понятий «качество документа» и «польза описанных в нем результатов для человечества», 3) повторного рассмотрения различий между понятиями «ценность» и «качество» и возможностей использования цитат-анализа для оценки ценности и качества научных документов, 4) повторного рассмотрения различий в оценке использования документов, осуществляемой путем цитат-анализа и путем анализа обращений к документам исследователями, 5) повторного рассмотрения порочных издательских практик по манипулированию авторскими ссылками. Под повторными рассмотрениями имеются в виду обращения как к аргументации публикаций, подвергаемых критике в статье А.А. Крулева, так и использование материалов ряда других публикаций автора, в поле зрения А.А. Крулева не попавших. Таким образом, данная работа может восприниматься дополнение как к статьям ее автора, критикуемым А.А. Крулевым, так и к ряду других его публикаций, оставленных А.А. Крулевым без внимания.
El origen de la tragedia y la «metafísica de artista» según Nietzsche
Authors: Beuchot Mauricio
Published: April 2020

ResumenEn este artículo se trata de examinar la idea del joven Nietzsche de una metafísica de artista, que de alguna manera conservó después, en su concepción de que el arte (sobre todo la música) es la verdadera metafísica, en contraposición con la metafísica usual. Se pretende resaltar el carácter sumamente analógico de estas ideas de Nietzsche en su primera época (y que mantendrá después de otras maneras).Palabras claveNietzsche, Metafísica, Arte, AnalogíaAbstractThis article deals with the idea of young Nietzsche’s about a Metaphysics of Artist, idea that in different ways he preserved along his life, in his conception that Art (overall Music) is the true Metaphysics, opposed to classic and usual Metaphysics. The aim is to call attention to the extremely analogic caracter of these ideas of Nietzsche’s in his first epoque (and that he himslef will mantain alive in several other ways).KeywordsNietzsche, Metaphysics, Arts, Analogy
O VALOR DO PROJETO DE UMA MINA DE OURO: UMA ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA PELOS MODELOS DE FLUXO DE CAIXA DESCONTADO E DE OPÇÕES REAIS
Authors: Rodrigues Alexandre de Cássio , Silveira Gontijo Tiago , Dias de Almeida Georgenes Cláudio
Published: April 2020

A decisão de investir em projetos de mineração é estratégica. Em geral, modelos de avaliação econômica, tais como o Fluxo de Caixa Descontado (FCD), são usados para analisar a viabilidade desses projetos. Segundo o FCD, as entradas e saídas de recursos financeiros são conhecidas e a estratégia empresarial concebida no início do projeto será mantida até o término dele. Porém, na prática, as decisões são tomadas sob incerteza e os gestores dispõem de certas flexibilidades. Nessas condições, a literatura sugere que os projetos sejam avaliados por Opções Reais. Assim, esse estudo analisa, comparativamente, os valores de um projeto de mineração de ouro quando avaliado por esses dois modelos. As incertezas do preço do produto, do custo de extração e do teor recuperável são implementadas por simulação de Monte Carlo. A opção de abandonar o projeto após o primeiro ano de operação, quando este poderia ser vendido por valor predeterminado, é admitida como flexibilidade gerencial. Os resultados revelam que a incorporação da incerteza e da flexibilidade gerencial na análise econômica agrega valor ao projeto. Com isso, o projeto até então rejeitado pelo FCD tornou-se viável pela análise por Opções Reais. Constatou-se ainda que com a proximidade do fim da vida operacional da mina, em virtude da redução da estimativa dos fluxos de caixa futuros, aumenta a probabilidade de abandono do projeto.