bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION OF FACET NERVES IN THE TREATMENT OF PAIN SYNDROMES IN DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE SPINE
Authors:   Bukhara State Medical InstituteMinistry of Public Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Rakhmatov K.R.
Published: October 2021

The first results of radiofrequency ablation of facet nerves and its effectiveness in eliminating local chronic back pain and reflected pain vertebrogenic syndromes were studied in 122 patients. Thebest results were obtained in patients with spondyloarthrosis with a positive test blockade of the facet nerves. Spondyloarthrosis is the most common condition presenting as neck pain, although it usually appears as an incidental finding in older asymptomatic subjects in cervical radiographs.Keywords: back pain, reflex, pain, syndrome, facet nerve, high-frequency, exposure, spondyloarthrosis, syndrome, radiofrequency ablation.
WAYSTOIMPROVETAXADMINISTRATIONOFLARGETAXPAYERS
Authors:   Fiscal Institute under the StateTax Committee  of Uzbekistan, Pardayev Umidjon
Published: October 2021

ThisarticledescribesthestagesofimprovingtaxadministrationintheRepublicofUzbekistan,inparticular,reformstodeterminethecriteriaforinclusioninthecategoryoflargetaxpayers.Scientificapproachestofiscalreformsthatcontributetothedevelopmentofeconomicentitiesinthecountryareproposed.Theaimofthestudyistodevelopproposalsandrecommendationsaimedatimprovingthetaxadministrationoflargetaxpayers.Scientific novelty of the research:1. The necessity of simultaneous implementation of reforms aimed at creating equal conditions for all business entities while improving tax administration in the Republic of Uzbekistan has been scientifically substantiated.2. The expediency of determining the criteria for the inclusion of legal entities in the category of large taxpayers on the basis of international experience and practice has been proved.3. The need to change the threshold value for taxpayers in a simplified and generalized form in order to improve the efficiency of tax administration is scientifically substantiated, together with the tax administration of large taxpayers in the country.Keywords.Large taxpayers, fiscal policy, tax administration, budget revenues, value added tax, income tax, tax thresholds
ORGANIZATION OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES IN TELECOMMUNICATION ENTERPRISES
Authors:   Tashkent state university of economics of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Shaislamova Muazzamkhon
Published: October 2021

In this paper, the role of Information Technology in the national economy of telecommunication Enterprises is described as a result of the rapid penetration of information technologies into all spheres of economic activity in the conditions of the pandemic observed in theworld, the increase in the demand for the online sale of services and tokens.Scientific novelty of the study:innovation is based on the purposefulness of the development and implementation of management decisions aimed at improving efficiency and stability of the enterprise.Keywords: innovation, samaradorlik, telecommunications, installation, competitive, infrastructure.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PILGRIM TOURISM IN THE PROCESS OF MODERNIZING THE ECONOMY OF UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   International islamic academy of Uzbekistan, Khudoyarov Anvar Aidjanovich
Published: October 2021

This article examines the establishment and development of relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan with international organizations and foreign countries in the field of tourism, an increase in the influx of tourists to our country. Also, improving the organizational and economic aspects, quality and culture of services, as well as mechanisms for managing relations related to the safety of tourists.Keywords:management, diversification, cluster, adventure tourism, entrepreneurship, standard, partnership, experience, legal framework, security, legal and economic framework.
FIRST ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS AND STRATIGRAPHIC EXCAVATIONS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE ZARAFSHAN VALLEY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors:   Fergana State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Farmanova Gulnara K.
Published: October 2021

The author of the article claims that archaeological research and scientific research were carried out in Central Asia at the beginning of the twentieth century, including in the Zarafshan valley. The article presents material on the directions of development of archaeological science in Uzbekistan on the example of several prominent scientists and specialists who carried out archaeological excavations at the beginning of the twentieth century. It also reveals the origins ofthe formation of archaeological research methodology at the early stages of the formation and development of archeology. The author notes large archaeological expeditions and their achievements during the period under study. However, besides the merits and achievements in scientific theoretical and practical research, errors, lack of personnel, experience, and methods for conducting archaeological excavations and research are shown
SOME COMMENTS ABOUT THE INFLUENCE OXUS CIVILIZATION IN THEARABIAN GULF
Authors:   Termez State University of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Khurramov Khayitmurod
Published: October 2021

It is known that the Oxus civilization in the Bronze Age, with its unique material culture, interacted with a number of cultural countries: the Indian Valley, Iran, Mesopotamia, Elam and other regions. As a result of these relationships, interactions and interactions are formed. Archaeologists turn to archaeological and written sources to shed light on the historiography of this period. This research is devoted to the history of cultural relations between the Oxus civilization and the countries of the Arabian Gulf in the Bronze Age. The article highlights cultural ties based on an analysis of stamp seals and unique artifacts.Key words: Dilmun, Magan, marine shell, Arabian Gulf, Bahrain, Mesopotamia, Harappa, Gonur, Afghanistan
ON THE ERRONEOUS INTERPRETATION OF THE ORIGIN AND TIME OF THE APPEARANCE OF THE CATACOMB TYPE OF BURIAL IN THE BRONZE AGE IN CENTRAL ASIA
Authors:   National Archaeological Center of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Askarov Akhmadali , Isabekov Behzod I. , Ismoilov Ubaydulla M. ,   Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: October 2021

This article examines the origin of ancient catacomb-type graves, about its erroneous use at one time in relation to the graves of the Zamanbaba culture based on the historiography of Soviet archeology. At one time, V.A. Gorodtsov also mistakenly called the undercut graves catacomb, as evidenced by his graphic drawings. Our further studies of real catacomb graves on the territory of the Akhangaron Valley showed what a catacomb-type grave is, its internal structure and the time of its appearance in Central Asia. Unfortunately, Russian colleagues-archaeologists, without delving into the internal structure of catacomb-type graves, repeat the terminological errors of Soviet historiography, as evidenced by the candidate dissertation of Yu.G. Kutimova “The origin and ways of spreading the catacomb burial rite in Central Asia (based on the materials of the burial grounds of the Bronze Age) to which the authors' self-critical approach to determining the time of the appearance of the catacomb device of graves is devoted, also criticizes Russian colleagues in the interpretation and interpretation of archaeological sources of Central Asia in the Soviet conservatism historiography
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY IN UZBEKISTAN DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR
Authors:   Tashkent university of information technologies \named after Mukhammad al-Kwarizmi,, Babadjanov Khasan , Egamov Alisher ,   The Center of Islamic civilization in Uzbekistan
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the issues of creation and use of aircraft of the type DC-3–PS-84–Li-2 during the war, which was produced in Tashkent.The Second World War showed the superiority and indispensability of aviation technology in the theatre of military operations. If during the First World War aircraft performed mainly auxiliary functions, then during the Second World War aviation became an independent type of military formations and performed a number of tactical tasks in combat conditions. Aviation was used to perform a wide range of tasks. And therefore, since the periods of the war, military aviation has become clearly divided into fighter, assault, airborne cargo and other types
FROM THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF A MEDICAL ECOLOGICAL CULTURE IN YOUNG PEOPLE(based on the appeals of the population)
Authors:   National University of Uzbekistan, Karimova Nozima A.
Published: October 2021

The object of research in this article is sources of personal origin. The article discusses letters that, within the framework of existing classifications of historical sources, represent one of the types of office documentation.For well-known reasons, it would be futile to search for personal correspondence in the archives of state institutions or public organizations; the main place of itsstorage is personal archival funds, archival collections that were previously created and are now being created in statearchives, manuscript departments of libraries and museums, as well as personal archives of citizens.Index Terms:letters, personal archival funds, archival collections, public organizations, appeals, health care system, complaints, geography of letters,ecological problems, health care system
COOPERATION OF UZBEKISTAN WITH FRANCE IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AND ITS PROSPECTS
Authors:   school 32. in the townNurafshan, Tashkent region, Uzbekistan, Mirzaev Dalerzhon G.
Published: October 2021

The article covers the basics of education in Uzbekistan and France, the study of French in Uzbekistan, inter-university issues, scientific news, the dynamics of Uzbek requirements for education in France, public education and preschool education. perspective relations The analysis ofopinions and comments on the rise of relations in the field of education to a new era was carried out.IndexTerms:education, cooperation, French Alliance, dynamics, research, IFEAC, private sector, agreement, tourism, free education, staff exchange, intellectual potential, international experience in teaching
FROM THE HISTORY OF EMANCIPATION OF UZBEK WOMEN OR THE "KHUDJUM" MOVEMENT
Authors:   Institute of History of UzFA, Khasanova Shakhlo B.
Published: October 2021

The article reveals the essence of the policy of emancipation of Uzbek women pursued by the Soviet government, that is, emancipation (from the Latin emancipatio -freedom from dependence and subordination), measures taken to widely disseminate the ideas of Bolshevism. The policy of women's liberation, historically known as the Khujum movement, dealt a powerful blow not only to women's veils, but also to their national, religious traditions and spiritual values.Index Terms: Soviet power, Khudjum movement, Uzbek women, emancipation, socialism, burqa, Khudjum company
HISTORICAL AND LEGAL BASIS OF SOCIAL STATUSWOMEN IN MODERN UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Mukhitdinova FiryuzaA.
Published: October 2021

The article considers an actual historical and legal task –understanding the problem of gender equality and identifying the main models of women's promotion to government and management bodies as an institution of political and legal science in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Itis argued that laws and legal norms can create a basis on which the policies necessary to achieve balanced political participation can be built. Women have an opportunity to improve their position in the case of a multi-party system, in which parties are interested in the votes of different groups and need new ideas for this, and also attract female candidates. Creating equal opportunities requires socially supportive networks, developing negotiation skills, training courses in management, improving budget analysis skills, acquiring knowledge and skills in politics and elections, as well as applying long-term strategies to attract the younger generation. For this, there is a rich history of Uzbekistan and a spiritual heritage, which the author draws conclusions based on historical and legal teachings about the need to provide an empirical justification for the gender perspective of women's political participation in government and administration, including a detailed description of all trends, trends and schools from antiquity, the Eastern Renaissance era, including the Timurid period to the present.
“FREEDOM” OF WOMEN IN UZBEKISTAN: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES
Authors:   Memori of the victims of repression stateMuseum of Uzbekistan, Akhrorova Aziza Nigmanovna
Published: October 2021

As a result of the reforms of the Soviet state on women’s issues in the territory of our country, women became literate. From women came well-known representatives of varios fields. Alternatively, employed women were dismissed illegally for various social reasons under varios pretexts. This article describes how such women suffer economically and mentally.Keywords:Uzbek woman, illiteracy courses, public investigator, social background, qori, commander
FREEDOM OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND RELIGION IN UZBEKISTAN ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF RELIGIOUS OBJECTS AND PLACES OF RIGGUAGE
Authors:   Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute of Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Abdurahmonova Jummagul N. , Ismoilov Ulugbek K.
Published: October 2021

Abstract: The article provides a scientific analysis of religious conflicts in the world and their resolution, as well as measures for constructive dialogue and peaceful coexistence and interfaith relations in the Republic of Uzbekistan.Today, about 94-95% of the population of Uzbekistan believe the religion of Islam. Based on this, educational centers and a place of pilgrimage of the religion of Islam function in all regions of the country.And also, the article examines the conditions created for believers of non-Islamic religions and their religious beliefs,who make up 5-6% of the population of Uzbekistan, the activities of religious confessions and the tolerance shown to them by the Uzbek people
COOPERATION BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND AFGHANISTAN
Authors:   Bukhara State University of the Repubic of Uzbekistan, Boymurodov Umidjon Sh.
Published: October 2021

The study analyzesthe establishment of diplomatic relations with the Republic of Uzbekistan after independence, the analysis of cooperation in the political, economic, social and cultural spheres, the role of Uzbekistan in the establishment of peace in Afghanistan. Conclusions are given on the actions of 'y. The escalation of the political situation in Afghanistan in the last decade of the twentieth century, the rise to power of the Taliban, the threat posed by countries in the region, Uzbekistan's proposals to the world community for peace in Afghanistan are widely covered. After the formation of a modern state in Afghanistan, Uzbekistan's political and economic ties have expanded. The presidents of the two countries have met several times and signed cooperation agreements, and Uzbekistan's efforts to develop industry, transport and agriculture in Afghanistan have been widely covered and analyzed
THE ROLE OF THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DYNASTY IBRAGIMOVS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TASHKENT WOOD CARVING SCHOOL
Authors:   National Institute arts and design named after Kamoliddin Behzad of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Gaipova Mukhayo
Published: October 2021

This article analyzes the specific methods and directions of wood carving in Tashkent. In addition, the activities of the schools of Tashkent, Ferghana, Bukhara, Samarkand and Khiva were studied in the schools of wood carving and decorative arts of Uzbekistan. These schools share many technical, methodological, and compositional similarities as well as differences.On its basis, the technical, methodological and compositional aspects of the Tashkent school and the activities of representatives of the Ibragimov dynasty were comprehensively studied
Implementasi Algoritma FG-Growth untuk Sistem Rekomendasi Penjualan Produk
Authors: Yuliyanti Siti
Published: October 2021

The variety of stationery marketed, makes business competition increasingly fierce in order to provide the best service to customers. Abundant sales transaction data, triggering piles of data so that it requires data mining processing techniques, namely association rule mining using the FP-Growth algorithm. Algorithm that generates frequent itemset used in the process of determining the rules that can produce an option by taking a product sales transaction data object. The test results show a rule that has the best confidence value and lift ratio of 100%, as well as 80% support with the rules that every purchase of a ballpoint product can be sure to buy a notebook from the dataset used as a sample data in the system trial (50 names). goods and 7 transaction data) with minimum support (5% = 0.05) and minimum confidence (30% = 0.3).
Model Kematangan e-Government Berdasarkan SPBE Menpan Tahun 2018
Authors: Amalia Endang
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kematangan yang dicapai dan memberikan saran bagi implementasi domain layanan E-Government di RSUD Japang Kulon Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil pemetaan SPBE MENPAN Tahun 2018 pada penelitian ini menghasilkan 3 domain, 7 aspek, 35 indikator yang akan digunakan sebagai penilaian kematangan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan evaluasi maturitas SPBE dalam pelayanan publik di Kecamatan memperoleh kategori “Kurang” dengan rata-rata nilai indeks dibawah 2. Oleh karena itu, perlu diberikan rekomendasi dan strategi perbaikan untuk meningkatkan nilai indeks SPBE.
Pengembangan Game Edukasi Doa Harian Berbasis Android Dengan Menerapkan Metode Gamification
Authors: Pradhana Faisal Reza , Harmini Triana , Naufal Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Doa harian merupakan salah satu kegiatan pembelajaran yang diberikan di Taman Pendidikan Al-Qur’an (TPA) yang bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan ketaqwaan dan keimanan kepada Allah SWT. Metode pembelajaran yang selama ini berlangsung masih menggunakan metode ceramah dan hafalan sehingga anak-anak cenderung bosan dan kurang tertarik dalam belajar. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan metode pembelajaran doa harian yang menarik bagi anak. Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan game edukasi doa harian dengan menggunakan metode gamification. Metode gamification menggunakan elemen-elemen pada game seperti poin, level, leaderboard dan reward yang berguna untuk memotivasi anak dalam belajar. Hasil dalam penelitian ini berupa game edukasi doa harian berbasis android bernama Farihan yang mempunyai dua karakter animasi 2D dan 20 pertanyaan doa didalamnya (https://bit.ly/3yM3MCi). Pengujian game ini dilakukan dengan lima cara pengujian. Hasil pengujian tersebut menunjukkan pengguna sangat setuju dan mengapresiasi terhadap aplikasi yang dibangun. Oleh karenanya, dengan adanya aplikasi ini diharapkan para pengajar dan siswa/siswi TPA dimudahkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran TPA terutama di masa pandemi. Harapan pada penelitian berikutnya dapat mengembangkan aplikasi ini berbasis iOS.
Arapçada Üç Harfli Fiil Köklerini Oluşturan İkili Harf Kombinasyonlarının Analizi
Authors: PARILDI Metin
Published: October 2021

Morfolojisi “kök sistemi” üzerine kurulmuş Sâmî dil ailesinin bir üyesi olan Arapçada fiillerin kaynağını oluşturan kökler, sülâsî (üç kök harfli) ve rubâî (dört kök harfli) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrılmaktadır. Klasik ve modern Arapça sözlükler taranarak, fiil köklerinin hemen hepsi tespit edilmiş ve bir elemeden geçirilerek incelemeye tabi tutulacak fiil kökleri seçilmiştir. Sâmî kök sisteminin esasen üç harf üzerine dayalı olmasını göz önünde bulundurarak, bu eleme işleminde öncelikle rubâî (dört harfli) fiil kökleri inceleme dışında tutulmuştur. Sülasi (üç harfli) olanlardan da anlamları farklı fakat aynı harflerden oluşan kökler listeden çıkarılmıştır. Sonuçta incelemeye tabi tutulacak 5073 fiil kökü kalmıştır.
İnceleme çerçevesinde, seçilen köklerde yer alan harflerin hem tek başına hem de “ikili kombinasyonlar” şeklinde bulunma sıklıkları tespit edilmiş, en sık kullanılan harf ve harf kombinasyonlarının özellikleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tek başına harflerin birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü kök harf olarak bulunma sıklıkları; ikili kombinasyonların ise önce birinci-ikinci; sonra da ikinci-üçüncü kök harfler olarak bulunma sıklıkları belirlenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda bazı harf kombinasyonlarının hiç kullanılmadığı görülmüştür. Toplam sayısı yüz yirmi beş olan bu hiç kullanılmayan kombinasyonlardaki harflerin çoğunluğunu ıslıklı ünsüzler (sibilant sound) oluşturmaktadır.
İkili harf kombinasyonları içinde sadece ikinci ve üçüncü kök harfler olarak bulunan aynı harf çiftlerinin de tamamı tespit edilmiş; bunlardan en sık bulunanlar, en az bulunanlar ve hiç bulunmayanlar belirlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Rüya Formundaki İstihare Yaşantısının Din Psikolojisi Bağlamında İncelenmesi
Authors: HAFIZ Hafsa , GÖCEN Gülüşan
Published: October 2021

Bu makalenin amacı, istiharenin bu tecrübeyi yaşayanlar için ne anlama geldiğini açıklamak ve bu tecrübenin onların dinî ve psikolojik yaşamlarına olan etkilerini tespit etmektir. Bu sebeple istiharenin dinî tecrübe, psikolojik iyi oluş, dinî başa çıkma ve Allah tasavvuru ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Durum deseninde hazırlanan bir nitel saha araştırma içerisinde, ölçüt ve kartopu örnekleme ile seçilmiş, 21-68 yaş aralığında (ort. 44,5), 16’sı kadın, 4’ü erkek toplam 20 kişi ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. 18 yaşından büyük, birden fazla kez istihare tecrübesi yaşamış, istihareye bir yaşam biçimi olarak hayatlarında yer açan Müslüman kişiler tercih edilmiştir. Betimsel analiz kullanılan araştırmada bulgular iki üst tema ve altı alt tema halinde sunulmuştur. Buradan elde edilen bulgulara göre, birçok uygulama biçimi olan istiharenin daha çok rüya yoluyla Allah’tan işaret beklemek şeklinde deneyimlendiği görülmekle birlikte istihare yaşantısının en önemli unsurunun dua etme yoluyla Allah’a sığınmak olduğu belirlenmiştir. İstiharenin (i) kişileri derinden etkileyen bir dinî tecrübe olarak yaşandığı, (ii) psikolojik iyi oluş ve (iii) dinî başa çıkma ile olumlu ilişki içerisinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, (v) Olumlu Allah Tasavvuru olan kişilerin, istihareye yöneldiği ve istiharenin, bu tasavvuru daha da güçlendirdiği ve (vi) tevekkül teslimiyet veya kabullenme ve kader yaklaşımları üzerinde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır.
Fama French 5 Factor Model Versus Alternative Fama French 5 Factor Model: Evidence from Selected Islamic Countries
Authors: ÖZER Nevin , ÖNCÜ Mehmet Akif , ÖZER Ali , ÇÖMLEKÇİ İstemi
Published: October 2021

In this study, the validity of the five-factor model in developing and underdeveloped countries was investigated in 2012-2020, as well as the validity of the model to be created by using the inflation rate instead of the risk-free interest rate, and the answers to the questions of its comparison with the original model. In seeking an answer to this question, Pakistan, Malaysia, Indonesia and Turkey were selected as the countries with interest-sensitive investors. In the study, the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (KLCI) for Malaysia, the Jakarta Islamic Index (JKII) for Indonesia, the Karachi Meezan Index (KMI) for Pakistan and the Participation Index (KATLM) for Turkey were selected for the study and analysis was carried out on the top 30 companies in the index.In terms of the created portfolios, it is seen that different portfolios are effective in terms of the highest excess return in selected countries. In fact, it has been observed that the portfolio with the highest extreme return in a country has the lowest return in the other country. It can only be said that the excessive return of small firms is greater than that of large firms. Looking at the fluctuation of excess returns, it is seen that Pakistan and Indonesia markets are risky, while Malaysia is the least risky. As a result of the analysis, evidence has been obtained that the original model has little advantage over the inflation model and that they are very close to each other. It can be said that the FF5F model is also effective in developing and underdeveloped country markets, and interest-sensitive investors can model using the inflation rate.
Fıkıh Usulünde İşaretin Delâleti
Authors: BAKKAL Ali
Published: October 2021

Usulcüler lafız üzerinden hükme ulaşmak için farklı delâlet yollarından söz etmiş olsalar da, şu dört delâlet şekli üzerinde ittifak etmişlerdir: İbarenin delâleti, işaretin delâleti, nassın delâleti, iktizanın delâleti. Fıkıh usulü eserlerinde ibarenin, nassın ve iktizanın delâletleri konuları oldukça açık bir şekilde ortaya konmuştur. Ancak işaretin delâleti konusunun bu denli açık ve net olarak ortaya konulduğunu söyleyemeyiz. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız işaretin delâleti konusunu daha anlaşılır bir şekilde ortaya koymak ve konuyla ilgili bazı ihtilaflı meseleleri çözüme kavuşturmaktır. Cessâs ve Ebü’l-Hüseyin el-Basrî isim vermeden işaretin delâletinin mahiyetinden söz etmiş olsalar da, ilk tanımı yapan usulcü Debûsî’dir. Sonradan gelen fukaha usulcüleri bu tanım üzerinde önemli bir değişiklik yapmamışlardır. Mütekellimîn usulcülerinden “işaretin delâleti” kavramına eserlerinde ilk defa yer veren kişi Gazzâlî’dir. Yaklaşık olarak o da işaretin delâletini fukaha usulcüleri gibi tanımlamıştır. Ancak Gazzâlî ile birlikte mantık ilmi fıkıh usulüne girdiği için artık tanım ve anlatımlarda mantık terimleri de kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede işaretin delâletinin iltizamın delâleti kabilinden olduğu vurgulanmış ve iltizamî delâletin bir türü olarak görülmüştür. İşaretin delâleti konusunda ihtilaf edilen meselelerden biri de kastedilen veya kastedilmeyen bir mana oluşu meselesidir. Bu çalışmada işaretin delâleti konusu tanımı, özellikleri ve ilişkili olduğu diğer konular örnekleriyle ele alınıp yeniden incelenmiştir.
Short Circuit Analysis on Distribution Network 20 kV Using Etap Software
Authors: Arizaldi Afif , Salahuddin S , Muhammad M , Jain Vishal , Pandey Govinda Prashad , Watane Manoj Jagannathrao
Published: October 2021

In an electric power system, electricity is generated by the power plant and then channeled to a transmission line and then distributed to consumers, in the process of distributing electrical energy, the system does not always work in normal conditions, sometimes the system can experience disturbances such as one-phase, two-phase, and three-phase disturbances. This interference can disrupt the electrical system and can damage equipment if left unchecked, therefore it is necessary to install a protection device that can decide the interference so as not to damage other equipment when a disturbance occurs. Here the protection device used is a circuit breaker. In a fault condition, the circuit breaker must be able to separate the points of the fault so as not to damage other electrical equipment. In this case, to determine the capacity of the best protection device for the system, a short circuit fault simulation is performed. To simplify the calculation process here the author uses the help of ETAP software (Electrical Transient Analysis Program).
Analysis of Technical Loss Calculation Using Load Curve Approach on 20 kV Distribution Network
Authors: Maulana Rizky Rahmat , Salahuddin S , Ezwarsyah E , Ismail Baharuddin , Shrestha Ashish , Astonkar Dhiraj Vijayrao
Published: October 2021

Energy loss (losses) is the loss of a certain amount of energy generated when it is distributed to consumers so that it affects the profitability of the company concerned. The size of the losses from an electric power system shows the level of efficiency of the system, the lower the percentage of losses that occur the more efficient the system. Energy losses in the distribution network are generally divided into two, namely technical and non-technical losses. The calculation of technical losses in the 20 KV medium distribution network of PT PLN (Persero) Ulp Matang Glumpang Dua is carried out using the load curve approach method and using the help of the Microsoft Exel program, while the technical losses calculated are technical losses on the Medium Voltage Network and Distribution Transformer. From the results of the analysis of the calculation of technical losses in 2020, the total technical loss value at MG-01 Matang City is in the range of 13.8% to 20.8% which consists of the average technical loss in the Medium Voltage Network feeder of 0.02%. and the loss of Distribution Transformer by 17.6%.
Nuts consumption and cognitive function
Authors: Abdulwahab Zainab Abdulmoayed , Qaddourah Sara , Nafea Hajer , Abdelmegid Omnia
Published: October 2021

Background: Cognitive impairments has become a global public concern. A limited number of studies suggest a positive association between nuts intake and cognitive function. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between nuts consumption and cognitive function and to test whether hypertension and diabetes mediate this association among adults in Qatar. Methods: Data from 1000 participants aged 20 and above who attended Qatar Biobank (QBB) were used. Nuts consumption was assessed by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Blood samples were measured for magnesium and glucose. Cognitive function was assessed using computer self-administrated test to measure Mean Reaction Time (MRT). Linear regression was used to assess the association. Results: A total of 21.1% of the sample reported consuming nuts more than 4-6 times/week (high consumption) while 40.2% reported the consumption ≤1 time/month (low consumption). The mean MRT was 715.6 millisecond (SD 204.1). An inverse association was found between nuts consumption and MRT. Compared with those with a low consumption, high consumption of nuts had a regression coefficient of -36.95 (-68.09 to -5.82) after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The inverse association between nuts and MRT was mainly seen among those aged >50 years. There was an interaction between nuts consumption and hypertension. The association between nuts consumption and MRT was not mediated via hypertension, diabetes, and serum magnesium. Conclusion: There is a positive association between nuts consumption and cognitive function, especially among old adults.
The Association between Zinc and Copper and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults
Authors: Al Kudsi Dana Samir , Hamad Sara Zeyad , Al Keldi Hanan Mohamed , Kerkadi Abdelhamid , Agouni Abdelali , Salih Reem Omar
Published: October 2021

Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In Qatar, 24% of the total deaths are attributed to CVDs. Several nutritional disturbances have been linked to high risk of CVD. Many studies have discussed the effects of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on CMR factors; however, evidence has been controversial. This investigated the association between CMR factors and the status of Zn, Cu, and Zn/Cu ratio. A total of 575 Qatari adults (≥18 years) were obtained from Qatar Biobank. Plasma levels of Zn and Cu were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Anthropometric data and CMR factors were determined using standard methods. Adjusted associations between minerals and CMR were estimated by logistic regression. The associations’ strength was tested using partial correlation. Zn was not strongly correlated (p-value˃0.01) or significantly associated with CMR factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cu levels correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) (0.23; p˂0.001), pulse rate (PR) (0.18; p˂0.001), total cholesterol (0.13; p=0.01), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (0.27; p˂0.001); and negatively with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−0.13; p=0.01). High Cu significantly decreased the risk of MetS (0.121; p˂0.001). Furthermore, Zn/Cu ratio positively correlated with waist circumference (0.13; p=0.01), systolic blood pressure (0.13; p˂0.01), and DBP (0.14; p˂0.01); and negatively with BMI (−0.19; p˂0.001), PR (−0.17; p˂0.001), and HDL (−0.27; p˂0.001). High Zn/Cu ratio increased the prevalence of low HDL (4.508; p˂0.001) and MetS (5.570; p˂0.01). These findings suggest that high Cu levels are associated with a protective effect on DBP, HDL, and MetS and that high plasma Zn/Cu ratio is associated with the risk of low HDL and MetS. We recommend future studies to focus on minerals status among abdominally obese and prediabetic subjects because of the probable link between low serum Zn and Cu and insulin resistance and CVD.
The prevalence of adaptive immunity to COVID-19 and reinfection after recovery – a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 011 447 individuals
Authors: Alshibly Rafal , Shalaby Rana , Musa Omran A. H. , Hindy George , Islam Nazmul , Habibullah Mohammed , Al-Marwani Talal , Hourani Rizeq F. , Nawaz Ahmed D. , Haider Mohammad Z. , Emara Mohamed M. , Cyprian Farhan , Doi Suhail A. R. , Chivese Tawanda , Matizanadzo Joshua T. , Furuya-Kanamori Luis
Published: October 2021

Research purpose: The research aims to estimate the prevalence of detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, T and B memory cells after recovery, to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, and to investigate the protective efficacy of infection with SARS-CoV-2 against reinfection. Methodology: Several online databases were searched for studies conducted between 1 January 2020 to 1 April 2021. Studies which compared COVID-19 infection between individuals with and without prior infection were included and assessed for quality and risk of bias. Pooled estimates of the prevalence of humoral and cellular immunity parameters and reinfection were obtained in a meta-analysis using bias adjusted synthesis methods. Findings: At ≥ 6 months after recovery, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific immunological memory remained high; IgG – 90.4% (95%CI 72.2-99.9, I2=89.0%, p<0.01, 5 studies), and CD4+ - 91.7% (95%CI 78.2 – 97.1, one study). The pooled prevalence of reinfection was 0.2% (95%CI 0.0 – 0.7, I2 = 98.8, 9 studies). Individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 had an 81% reduction in odds of a reinfection (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.1 - 0.3, I2 = 90.5%, 5 studies). Research value: This review of 12 million individuals presents evidence that most individuals who recover from COVID-19 develop immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2, thus, reinfection after recovery was rare.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA) co-treatment alleviates antidiabetic drug, rosiglitazone associated deterioration of bone remodeling
Authors: Ibrahim Khadega , Cugno Chiara , Mizanur Rahman Md
Published: October 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to decreased insulin secretion, defective action or both. The rosiglitazone (RSG) is one of the oral antidiabetic drug used in type 2 (T2) DM and has a unique insulin-sensitizing capacity. However, RSG has a negative side effect on the bone as it stimulates the differentiation of bone marrow-mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) into adipocytes at the expense of osteoblasts in the bone marrow microenvironment, disturbing the normal balance of bone remodeling and causing BM adiposity. On the other hand, the trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid is known as anti-adipogenic, pro-osteogenic. Therefor, this study was designed to assess whether CLA can alleviate the negative effect of RSG on bone. We used adipose tissue derived-mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) as a human in vitro model to study the effect of CLA, RSG and combined treatment (RSG+CLA) on the osteoblastogenic and adipogenic differentiation of AT-MSCs. Osteoblastogenesis was assessed by Alizarin Red Staining and bone mineralization was assessed by 〖"OsteoImage" 〗^TMassays, whereas adipogenesis was assessed by Oil Red O Staining and LipidTOX assays. Besides, the level of expression of osteogenic and adipogenic markers was measured on treated osteo- and adipo-differentiated MSCs using real time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis. Compared to RSG group, the combined treatment group stimulates osteoblastogenesis, as evidenced by increased mineralization and upregulation of osteogenic markers OPN and RUNX2 and inhibits adipogenesis in osteogenic media as showed by decreased lipid content and downregulation of adipogenic markers FABP4, LPL and adipsin. In conclusion, the use of CLA as an adjunctive treatment reversed the effects of RSG on osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Further preclinical and clinical studies will be undertaken to establish this treatment regimen for the successful treatment of diabetic patients with rosiglitazone without adverse side effects on bone.
Validation of Novel Transcriptional Targets that Underpin CD44-promoted breast cancer cell invasion
Authors: Ahmad Salma , Nazar Hanan , Alatieh Nouralhuda , Al-Mansoob Maryam , Farooq Zainab , Yusuf Muna , Ouhtit Allal
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer worldwide, and metastasis is its worst aspect and the first cause of death. Metastasis is a multistep process, where an invasion is a recurring event. The process of BC cell invasion involves three major factors, including cell adhesion molecules (CAM), proteinases and Growth factors.CD44, a family of CAM proteins and the hyaluronic acid (HA) cell surface receptor, acts as cell differentiation, cell migration/invasion and apoptosis regulator. Rationale: We have previously established a tetracycline (Tet)-OFF-regulated expression system, both in vitro and in vivo (Hill et al, 2006). As a complementary approach, the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 BC cells expressing high levels of endogenous CD44s (the standard form of CD44), was cultured in the presence and absence of 50 µg/ml of HA. RNA samples were isolated from both cell experimental models, and microarray analysis (12K CHIP from Affymetrix) was applied. More than 200 CD44s transcriptional target genes were identified and were sub-divided into groups of genes based on their function: cell motility, cytoskeletal organization, ability to degrade ECM, and cell survival. Hypothesis: Among these 200 identified genes, we selected seven genes (ICAP-1, KYNU, AHR, SIRT1, SRSF8, PRAD1, and SOD2) and hypothesized that based on evidence from literature, these genes are potential novel targets of CD44-downstream signaling mediating BC cell invasion. Specific Aims: Pursuant to this goal, we proposed the following objectives: 1- Structural validation of ICAP-1, KYNU, AHR, SIRT1, SRSF8, PRAD1 and SOD2 as novel transcriptional targets of CD44/HA-downstream signaling at both RNA and Protein level using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot respectively. 2-Functional validation of ICAP-1, KYNU, AHR, SIRT1, SRSF8, PRAD1and SOD2 as novel transcriptional targets that underpin CD44-promoted BC cell migration using wound healing assay after the transfection with siRNA. Innovation/Consclusion: This study validated seven transcriptional targets of CD44/HA-downstream signaling promoting BC cell invasion. Ongoing experiments aim to dissect the signaling pathways that link CD44 activation by HA to the transcription of these seven genes.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES IN BAMENDA METROPOLIS, NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON
Authors: Ndah Anyang Gordin Bah , Ngwabie Ngwa Martin , Ayonghe Samuel Ndonwi
Published: October 2021

Water resources within Bamenda continue to face climate related stress. This paper sought to assess the impact of climate variability and change on water resources in Bamenda metropolis. Questionnaires, field study and historic climatic data were used to evaluate effects of climatic variability and changes on water resources. Two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5) scenarios were used to project climatic data. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) was used to determine drought. Irregular rainfall and water shortage were the foremost challenges experienced by the population. Historic data showed an annual decrease in precipitation and increase in temperature. Precipitation shift and a low R-squared values (0.04 - 0.47) for precipitation indicated climatic variation. Decrease precipitation (gradient -11.84) coincided with the periods of droughts (1993 - 2019) given by the negative values of SPI (up to -3). The hydrological changes realised were 23 springs and 13 streams dry off and 27 springs and 16 streams have become seasonal. Projected data showed increase in precipitation and temperature, leaving Bamenda with the challenge of poor water quality that negatively affects public health and development. This study highlights the need to adopt current water and drought management practice in this area.
THE BIDIRECTIONAL EFFECT OF CREATINE SUPPORTS THE MAINTENANCE OF OXIDANT-ANTIOXIDANT HOMEOSTASIS DURING EXERCISE
Authors: Taskin Seyhan , Celik Hakim , Demiryurek Seniz , Taskin Abdullah
Published: October 2021

The importance of supplements used with exercise is increasing day by day. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation with different intensities of exercise on oxidative stress through dynamic thiol disulfide homeostasis. Fourty two BALB/c mice were used and randomly divided into 6 groups; control (C), low-intensity exercise (LIE), high-intensity exercise (HIE), C+CrM (4% of daily diet), LIE+CrM, and HIE+CrM groups. Exercise groups were performed low-intensity (8m/min/30min/day) and high-intensity (24m/min/30min/day) exercise on a mouse treadmill for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the thiol disulfide homeostasis levels analyzed by using a new automated measurement technique. When the native thiol and total thiol values were examined the difference between the groups was statistically significant (respectively, p=0.029, p=0,035). Creatine intake with exercise decreased native thiol and total thiol levels. However, serum disulfide levels were lower in LIE+CrM compared to other study groups, but there was no statistically significant difference. It is thought that creatine supplementation with exercise reduces the thiol-disulfide homeostasis burden of the organism, and that after the depletion of creatine stores, the sustainability of oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis can be extended, thus prolonging the duration of antioxidant resistance.
HORMONAL MANIFESTATIONS OF THYROID CANCER ASSOCIATED WITH AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Sclifos Ina
Published: October 2021

In medical practice, early diagnosis of CT is difficult because the neoplasm coexists or develops against the background of nodular-inflammatory thyroid pathologies, which have a slow evolution, CT is often associated with thyroiditis. The association of thyroid carcinoma with autoimmune thyroiditis remains debatable. In the literature, this combination is noted in 1% to 75% of cases. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the number of thyroid cancers developed against the background of autoimmune thyroiditis, this being explained by improved diagnostic methods, living environment and increasing the number of elderly people. The relationship between inflammation and cancer is known to be that patients with autoimmune thyroiditis have a higher risk of developing thyroid cancer. The literature does not fully elucidate the  hormonal peculiarities of thyroid cancer associated with autoimmune thyroiditis have not been studied yet in the Repulic Of Moldova
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN AND/OR METABOLIZABLE ENERGY LEVELS IN DIETS FORMULATED BASED ON IDEAL PROTEIN CONCEPT ON PERFORMANCE, EGG PRODUCTION, AND EGG QUALITY TRAITS OF LAYERS DURING PHASE 1 OF EGG PRODUCTION
Authors: Anwar Shaimaa R. , Al-Sagan Ahmed A. , R. A El- Bannaa , T. M Melegy
Published: October 2021

A comparative study was conducted to determine the impacts of crude protein (CP) reductions in laying hen diets. During phase one of egg production, 270 laying hens were randomly assigned into six dietary treatments, which were replicated three times using a 2 × 3 factorial experiment. Reduced CP and metabolizable energy (ME) diets were formulated based on the ideal amino acid profile concept and supplemented with crystalline amino acids. The control treatment received standard commercial diets containing 18.8% CP and 2,725 kcal/kg ME. Average weight gain, hen day egg production percentage, egg weight, egg mass, and other selected egg quality parameters were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed. Feed consumption and the feed conversion ratio were improved in birds fed reduced CP diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids. The dietary CP level significantly influenced shell thickness (ST), while the dietary ME level had no effect. A highly significant interaction was observed between CP percent and the Haugh unit (HU).  Results indicate that the “ideal protein concept” may be followed as an economically feasible option for laying hens since it optimizes the dietary amino acid profiles and ME levels, and have a positive effect on hen growth, egg quality and environmental pollution.
WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO NUMBER OF THE INFECTED IF ACCURACY OF THE PCR TEST IMPROVES?
Authors: Fujita Yasunori
Published: October 2021

Among the strategies to tackle the COVID-19, much attention is paid to “test and isolation” advocated by Romer (2000), Peto et al (2020) etc., in addition to vaccination and development of medicines to treat COVID-19. According to these articles, what is necessary is a targeted version of lockdown, that is, to test everyone regularly and isolate the small fraction of the population who test positive.

There is, however, concern that the PCR test is not always effective, so that, in the present paper, we investigate the effects of improvement of the PCR test by constructing a simple intertemporal theoretical model. Main result we obtain is that improvement of the PCR test could increase the number of the infected individuals at first, so that we should improve the accuracy of the PCR test much enough to reduce the number of the infected individuals.
ACUTE APPENDIX- STATISTICS ON PATIENTS IN SOUTHEAST REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN MACEDONIA IN THE PERIOD FROM 2015 TO 2020
Authors: Zhu Jihe , Arsovska Blagica , Kozovska Kristina
Published: October 2021

In this research the analyzed data were obtained from the Department of Social Medicine of the Center for Public Health at PHI General Hospital - Strumica for patients with acute appendicitis from Strumica and from the department for Statistics of the Center for Public Health at PHI General Hospital - Gevgelija for patients with acute appendicitis from Gevgelija. 361 people diagnosed with acute appendicitis were analyzed in the period from 2015 to 2020. According to the results most of the patients were hospitalized in 2015 (20.2%) and 2016 (20.2%). The majority of respondents are aged 0-24 years (67.5%), while males have a higher risk of developing this disease (55, 9%). in 2017 the number was 40 (14.9%), in 2018, 43 (16%), and in 2019 the number of hospitalized with acute appendicitis was 40 (14.9%), equal to that in 2017. The average age at hospitalization is 23.4 years, 22.8 years for men and 24 years for women. In the number of hospitalized people belonging to the first three age groups from 0 - 24 years, 25-44 years and 45-54 years (0-54), there is a higher prevalence of male (57.4%) compared to female patients (42.6%), while the number of hospitalized patients belonging to the age groups of 55-64, 65-74 and over 74 years there is a higher representation of female (58.3%) compared to male patients (41.7%). The average morbidity rate per 10,000 inhabitants in the Southeast region is 4.1, with an average rate of 3.5 in Gevgelija and an average rate of 4.8 in Strumica per 10,000 citizens. The incidence of acute appendicitis is highest in children, adolescents and young adults, and continuously decreases with age.