bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of groundwater drawdown using artificial neural networks
Authors: Gholami Vahid , Sahour Hossein
Published: April 2021

Groundwater drawdown is typically measured using pumping tests and field experiments; however, the traditional methods are time-consuming and costly when applied to extensive areas. In this research, a methodology is introduced based on artificial neural network (ANN)s and field measurements in an alluvial aquifer in the north of Iran. First, the annual drawdown as the output of the ANN models in 250 piezometric wells was measured, and the data were divided into three categories of training data, cross-validation data, and test data. Then, the effective factors in groundwater drawdown including groundwater depth, annual precipitation, annual evaporation, the transmissivity of the aquifer formation, elevation, distance from the sea, distance from water sources (recharge), population density, and groundwater extraction in the influence radius of each well (1000 m) were identified and used as the inputs of the ANN models. Several ANN methods were evaluated, and the predictions were compared with the observations. Results show that, the modular neural network (MNN) showed the highest performance in modeling groundwater drawdown ​​(Training R-sqr = 0.96, test R-sqr = 0.81). The optimum network was fitted to available input data to map the annual drawdown ​​across the entire aquifer. The accuracy assessment of the final map yielded favorable results (R-sqr = 0.8). The adopted methodology can be applied for the prediction of groundwater drawdown in the study site and similar settings elsewhere.
The agricultural waste utilization for exploration of the extracellular enzyme potential of three novel white-rot Basidiomycetes: Fomes fomentarius TMF2, Schizophyllum commune TMF3 and Bjerkandera adusta TMF1
Authors: Ilić Nevena , Davidović Slađana , Milić Marija , Rajilić-Stojanović Mirjana , Pecarski Danijela , Ivančić-Šantek Mirela , Mihajlovski Katarina , Dimitrijević-Branković Suzana
Published: April 2021

Purpose This study aimed in exploitation of lignocellulosic wastes for the evaluation of the newly isolated white-rot fungal strains enzymatic potential, covered by the circular economy frame.Methods A standard microbiological methods for the isolation of the white-rot fungal mycelia were used, followed by DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and the API ZYM test. The determination of laccase activity was based on the oxidation of guaiacol while the DNS method was used for the hydrolase determination.Results The isolates, belonged to Basidiomycetes, Fomes fomentraius TMF2, Schizophyllum commune TMF3, and Bjerkandera adusta TMF1, could synthesize extracellular laccase and various hydrolase while growing on lignocellulosic waste materials. More specifically, for the first time, F. fomentarius TMF2 synthesized laccase using sunflower meal as a substrate. This substrate could stimulate B. adusta TMF1 for Carboxymethyl cellulase and Avicelase production. The strain TMF1 was able to produce amylase during its growth on brewerʼs spent grain, which is up to now the best result reported for this activity of any B. adusta strain. Soybean meal was the most potent substrate for stimulating pectinase production by TMF1 and S. commune TMF3. While growing on brewerʼs spent grain, TMF1 and TMF3 strains produced high levels of xylanase. Spent coffee residues were for the first time tested as a substrate for hydrolase production by selected fungal species.Conclusion The obtained results showed that newly isolates of white-rot fungi can grow on unexploited lignocellulosic waste materials to produce different enzymes as a value-added products suitable for various biotechnological applications.
Self-Healing Ability of Epoxy Vitrimer Nanocomposites Containing Bio-Based Curing Agents and Carbon Nanotubes for Corrosion Protection
Authors: Lorwanishpaisarn Narubeth , Srik Natwat , Jetsrisuparb Kaewta , Knijnenburg Jesper T.N. , Theerakulpisut Somnuk , Okhawilai Manunya , Kasemsiri Pornnapa
Published: April 2021

Epoxy is extensively used for anti-corrosion coatings on metallic materials. Conventional epoxy coatings have a permanent crosslink network that is unable to repair itself when cracks and damages occur on the coating layer. This study aims to develop self-healing epoxy vitrimer/carbon nanotube (CNTs) nanocomposite for coating. Two bio-based curing agents viz., cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) and citric acid (CA) were employed to create covalent adaptable networks. The 0-0.5 wt% CNTs were also incorporated into epoxy/CNSL/CA matrix (V-CNT0-0.5). Based on the results of our study, thermomechanical properties of V-CNT nanocomposites increased with increasing CNTs content. The bond exchange reaction of esterification was thermally activated by near infrared (NIR) light. The V-CNT0.5 showed the highest self-healing efficiency in Shore D hardness of 97.37%. The corrosion resistance of coated steel with V-CNT0 and V-CNT0.5 were observed after immersing the samples in 3.5 wt% NaCl for 7 days. The corrosion rate of coated steel with V-CNT0.5 decreased from 9.53 x 102 MPY to 3.12 x 10-5 MPY whereas an increase in protection efficiency of 99.99% was observed. By taking advantages of the superior self-healing and anti-corrosion properties, V-CNT0.5 could prove to be a desirable organic anti-corrosion coating material.
Overcoming Reproductive and Psychological Concerns of Breast Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Barjasteh Samira , Farnam Farnaz , Nedjat Saharnaz , Elsous Aymen M.A. , Khakbazan Zohreh
Published: April 2021

Background: After developing breast cancer, women experience changes in their sexuality, femininity, and fertility. These changes lead to poor mental health and increased psychological stress. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Good Enough Sex (GES)-based, couple-centered group counseling on reproductive and sexual concerns of breast cancer survivors.Methods: This was a quantitative randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT). After completing the informed consent forms, 100 women were assigned to the intervention and control groups (50 individuals per group) using randomized block design. The intervention included four 90-120-minute sexual counseling sessions with 2 and 3-month follow-ups. The data were collected using the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, Persian version of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Reproductive Concerns After Cancer (RCAC) scale, and Female Sexual Function Index adaptation for Breast Cancer patients (FSFI-BC). The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 20 using descriptive and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.Results: Significant differences were observed between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean stress, anxiety, depression, reproductive concerns, and sexual function scores of the participants (P < 0.001). Therefore, the GES-based, couple-centered group counseling is associated with significant reductions in reproductive and sexual concerns of female breast cancer survivors.Conclusions: The designed psychosocial training and counseling intervention effectively reduced reproductive and sexual concerns of female breast cancer survivors. Therefore, these training and counseling programs can be organized by relevant service centers to promote the reproductive health of women with breast cancer.
The characteristics and effectiveness of pregnancy yoga interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Corrigan Lisa , Moran Patrick , McGrath Niamh , Eustace-Cook Jessica , Daly Deirdre
Published: April 2021

Background: Yoga is a popular mind-body medicine frequently recommended and to pregnant women. Gaps remain in our understanding of core components of effective pregnancy yoga programmes. This review and meta-analysis examined the characteristics and effectiveness of pregnancy yoga, incorporating the FITT (frequency, intensity, time/duration and type) principle of exercise prescription in the analysis. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, WHOLiS, AMED, ScieLo, ASSIA and Web of Science. Randomised control trials and quasi-experimental studies examining pregnancy yoga interventions were eligible for inclusion. Covidence was used to screen titles, abstracts, and full text articles. Outcomes of interest were stress, anxiety, depression, quality of life, labour duration, pain management in labour and mode of birth. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Assessment tool was used to assess methodological quality of studies and GRADE criteria (Gradepro) evaluated quality of the evidence. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3. Results: 678 citations were retrieved, 24 studies met inclusion criteria. 22 studies with 1826 pregnant women were included for meta-analysis. Applying per-protocol analysis and a random effects model, the pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) for depression (-0.53; 95% CI: -1.04 to -0.02, P=0.04), anxiety (-0.82; 95% CI: -1.64 to -0.01; p=0.05), perceived stress (-1.03; 95% CI: -1.55 to -0.52; p<0.0001) and physiological stress (-0.24; 95% CI: -0.52 to 0.04, P=0.09) supported a statistically significant beneficial effect of pregnancy yoga interventions for anxiety, depression and perceived stress. Duration of labour was shorter (MD= -116.96; 95% CI -163.36 to -70.56, P<0.00001) and normal vaginal birth rates were higher in the yoga group (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.26-5.90, p=0.01). The quality of evidence (GRADE) was low to very low for all factors. Twelve or more yoga sessions delivered weekly/bi-weekly had a statistically significant impact on mode of birth, while twelve or more yoga sessions of long duration (>60mins) had a statistically significant impact on perceived stress. Yoga sessions had a statistically significant impact on anxiety while yoga therapy had a statistically significant impact on depressionConclusion: The evidence supports previously cited positive effects of pregnancy yoga on anxiety, depression, perceived stress, normal vaginal birth and shorter duration of labour. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO, CRD42019119916. Registered on 11th January 2019.Protocol publication: Corrigan L, Eustace-Cook J, Moran P and Daly D. The effectiveness and characteristics of pregnancy yoga interventions: a systematic review protocol [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]. HRB Open Res 2020, 2:33 (https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.12967.2)
Modulation of lysosomal function as a therapeutic approach for coronaviral infections
Authors: Liu Yuan , Lear Travis , Larsen Mads , Lin Bo , Cao Qing , Alfaras Irene , Kennerdell Jason , Salminen Laura , Camarco Daniel , Lockwood Karina , Ma Jing , Liu Jie , Tan Jay , Myerburg Michael , Chen Yanwen , Croix Claudette St , Sekine Yusuke , Evankovich John , Finkel Toren , Chen Bill
Published: April 2021

The endo-lysosomal pathway plays an important role in pathogen clearance and both bacteria and viruses have evolved complex mechanisms to evade this host system. Here, we describe a novel aspect of coronaviral infection, whereby the master transcriptional regulator of lysosome biogenesis – TFEB – is targeted for proteasomal-mediated degradation upon viral infection. Through mass spectrometry analysis and an unbiased siRNA screen, we identify that TFEB protein stability is coordinately regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit DCAF7 and the PAK2 kinase. In particular, viral infection triggers marked PAK2 activation, which in turn, phosphorylates and primes TFEB for ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Deletion of either DCAF7 or PAK2 blocks viral-mediated TFEB degradation and protects against viral-induced cytopathic effects. We further derive a series of small molecules that interfere with the DCAF7-TFEB interaction. These agents inhibit viral-triggered TFEB degradation and demonstrate broad anti-viral activities including attenuating in vivo SARS-CoV-2 infection. Together, these results delineate a viral-triggered pathway that disables the endogenous cellular system that maintains lysosomal function and suggest that small molecule inhibitors of the E3 ubiquitin ligase DCAF7 represent a novel class of endo-lysosomal, host-directed, anti-viral therapies.
Dynamic empirical research on user perception behavior of mobile library apps
Authors: Guo Caiqiang , Ming Junren
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to explore the influencing factors and differences between user perception behavior of mobile library apps at two different points in time. Based on TAM, we constructed the research model.We designed and distributed questionnaires to the users of mobile library apps at an interval of three months to collect dynamic data. A structural equation modeling approach was applied for analysis.The empirical results reveal that PEOU, PU, SI, and FC affect behavior intention, but the impact is different at different times. With users’ usage time increasing, TAM is still universal for user perception behavior of mobile library apps; user behavior has dynamic differences; and there are dynamic differences in users’ behavior intention to use mobile library apps among different groups. Dynamically tracking and comparing user perception behavior at two different times can help guide the library to improve the quality of mobile library services and reduce user churn.
Utilization of cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) twigs and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse agricultural waste for cellulose acetate production by environmentally friendly approach
Authors: Maryana Roni , Muryanto Muryanto , Triwahyuni Eka , Oktaviani Oktaviani , Prasetia Hafiizh , Das Atanu Kumar , Sudiyani Yanni
Published: April 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the extraction of cellulose acetate (CA) from cajuput (Melaleuca leucadendron) twigs and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse using an environmentally friendly method. At first, cellulose was extracted from cajuput twigs (CT) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) through prehydrolysis followed by soda (NaOH) pulping and elementary chlorine-free (ECF) bleaching. Later, the extracted cellulose was acetylated using iodine (I) as a catalyst. The obtained CA was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction. FTIR and NMR analysis proved the replacement of free OH (hydroxyl) groups by acetyl groups. The degree of substitution (DS) showed the acetylation capability of cellulose extracted from CT and SB as well. The cellulose diameter and its crystallinity index were measured by SEM and X-ray diffraction, respectively. Furthermore, the thermal gravimetric analysis showed that CA extracted from CT and SB was thermal resistance. Therefore, CT and SB could be potential alternative resources for CA production using the mentioned method.
A tough endothelium-like dressing for vascular stents
Authors: Chen Yin , Gao Peng , Huang Lu , Tan Xing , Zhou Ningling , Yang Tong , Qiu Hua , Dai Xin , Michael Sean , Tu Qiufen , Huang Nan , Guo Zhihong , Zhou Jianhua , Yang Zhilu , Wu Hongkai
Published: April 2021

Vascular stent is viewed as one of the greatest advancements in interventional cardiology. However, current approved stents suffer from in-stent restenosis associated with neointimal hyperplasia or stent thrombosis. To address this issue, we developed an endothelium-like (EL) dressing for vascular stents inspired by the importance and biological functions of native endothelium for cardiovascular system. Our EL dressing is based on a de novo designed hydrogel that is mechanically tough and could preserve integrity on stents during angioplasty. Due to its physiochemical similarities to subendothelial extracellular matrix, the EL dressing facilitated the adhesion and growth of endothelial cells. Besides, it is non-thrombotic and capable of inhibiting smooth muscle cells thanks to the capacity to catalyze nitric oxide generation. Transcriptome analysis further unraveled the EL dressing could modulate the inflammatory response and induce the relaxation of smooth muscle cells, while potentially promoting angiogenesis by stimulating the expression of angiogenic factors. In vivo study demonstrated vascular stents encapsulated by it promoted rapid restoration of native endothelium and persistently suppressed in-stent restenosis in both leporine and swine models. We expect such EL dressing will open a new avenue to the surface engineering of vascular implants for better clinical outcomes.
BPA and BPS Affect the Expression of Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and Its Receptor During Bovine Oocyte Maturation and Early Embryo Development
Authors: Saleh Angela Christina , Sabry Reem , Mastromonaco Gabriela Fabiana , Favetta Laura Alessandra
Published: April 2021

Background
Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and Bisphenol S (BPS), is widespread and has negative implications on embryonic development. Preliminary evidence revealed that in women undergoing IVF treatment, urinary BPA levels were associated with low serum anti-Mullerian hormone, however a definitive relationship between the two has not yet been characterized.
Methods
This study aimed to evaluate BPA and BPS effects on in vitro oocyte maturation and early preimplantation embryo development through i) analysis of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and anti-Mullerian hormone receptor II (AMHRII), ii) investigation of developmental parameters, such as cleavage, blastocyst rates and developmental arrest, iii) detection of apoptosis and iv) assessment of possible sex ratio skew. An in vitro bovine model was used as a translational model for human early embryonic development. We first assessed AMH and AMHRII levels after bisphenol exposure during oocyte maturation. Zygotes were also analyzed during cleavage and blastocysts stages. Techniques used include in vitro fertilization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, TUNEL and immunofluorescence.
Results
Our findings show that BPA significantly decreased cleavage (p < 0.001), blastocyst (p < 0.005) and overall developmental rates as well as significantly increased embryonic arrest at the 2–4 cell stage (p < 0.05). Additionally, both BPA and BPS significantly increased DNA fragmentation in 2–4 cells, 8–16 cells and blastocyst embryos (p < 0.05). Furthermore, BPA and BPS alter AMH and AMHRII at the mRNA and protein level in both oocytes and blastocysts. BPA, but not BPS, also significantly skews sex ratios towards female blastocysts (p < 0.05)
Conclusion
This study shows that BPA affects AMH and AMHRII expression during oocyte maturation and that BPS exerts its effects to a greater extent after fertilization and therefore may not be a safer alternative to BPA. Our data lay the foundation for future functional studies, such as receptor kinetics, downstream effectors, and promoter activation/inhibition to prove a functional relationship between bisphenols and the AMH signalling system.
Septic Shock: Phenotypes and Outcomes
Authors: Cereuil Alexandre , Ronflé Romain , Culver Aurélien , Boucekine Mohamed , Papazian Laurent , Lefebvre Laurent , Leone Marc
Published: April 2021

Our goal was to determine the relevant variables and patient phenotypes to predict sepsis outcomes. We performed an ancillary study concerning 119 patients from three intensive care units (ICUs) in septic shock at ICU admittance (T0). We defined clinical worsening as having an increased Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 1 48 hours after admission (ΔSOFA ≥ 1). We performed univariate and multivariate analyses according to 28-day mortality rate and ΔSOFA ≥ 1, and determined three patient phenotypes: safe, intermediate and poor. Persistence of the intermediate and poor phenotypes after T0 were defined as poor outcomes. At T0, the multivariate analysis showed two variables associated with 28-day mortality rate: norepinephrine dose and serum lactate concentration. Regarding ΔSOFA ≥ 1, we identified three variables at T0: norepinephrine dose, serum lactate concentration and venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (P(v-a)CO2). At T0, the three phenotypes (safe, intermediate, and poor) were distributed in 28 (24%), 70 (59%) and 21 (18%) patients, respectively. We thus suggested an algorithm featuring norepinephrine dose, serum lactate concentration and P(v-a)CO2 to predict patient outcomes and obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 74% (63–85%). In conclusion, our findings underline that identifying relevant variables and phenotypes may help physicians recognize patient outcomes.
Clinical, haematological and pathomorphological findings in Mycoplasma suis infected pigs
Authors: Stadler Julia , Ade Julia , Hermanns Walter , Ritzmann Mathias , Wentzel Sarah , Hoelzle Katharina , Hoelzle Ludwig E.
Published: April 2021

Background Mycoplasma suis belongs to the group of haemotrophic mycoplasmas and is known as the causative agent of infectious anaemia in pigs. In the last few years valuable insights into the mechanism of adhesion and invasion, shedding patterns and cell tropism of M. suis were gained by the use of new molecular techniques. However, details on M. suis induced lesions as well as the distribution of M. suis in different organs are still lacking. Therefore, seven splenectomised pigs were experimentally infected and clinical and laboratory investigations as well as a detailed histopathological examination were performed. Detection and quantification of M. suis DNA in blood and various tissue samples was done using a quantitative real-time PCR.Results During the course of experimental infection, periodically occurring signs of infectious anaemia of pigs including severe icteroanaemia, fever, apathy and anorexia were observed. In addition, dermatological manifestations such as haemorrhagic diathesis presenting as petechiae occurred. The most important haematological alterations were normochromic, normocytic anaemia, hypoglycaemia as well as increased bilirubin and urea concentrations. Necropsy revealed predominant evidence of haemolysis with consecutive anaemia, as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation. M. suis was found in all investigated tissues with the highest copy numbers found in the kidneys. In Giemsa stained sections M. suis was only detected red blood cell (RBC)-associated.Conclusion In the present study, no RBC independent sequestration of M. suis was detected in organs of experimentally infected pigs. Pathological findings are most likely resulting from haemolysis, consecutive anaemia as well as from disseminated intravascular coagulation and subsequent organ impairments.
Smooth Border Between Inner Nuclear/Outer Plexiform Layers: Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Biomarker of Fewer Macular Edema Recurrences
Authors: Sasajima Hirofumi , Tsuboi Kotaro , Kiyosawa Rokuki , Fukutomi Akira , Murotani Kenta , Kamei Motohiro
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To determine if the status of the border between the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL) is associated with the number of macular edema (ME) recurrences secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).Methods: Thirty-seven consecutive eyes with BRVO treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs were included. In optical coherence tomography (OCT) images at the initial visit, the border between the INL and OPL within the 1.5-mm vertical line from the fovea was manually traced using ImageJ software. The jagged ratio (JR), i.e., the border length divided by the spline curve length of the border was calculated using the “Spline fit” mode in the software.Results: The mean JR was 1.1± 0.07 (range, 1.01-1.27). The JR was correlated significantly with the number of anti-VEGF injections/year (P<0.0001, r=0.721). Among 37 eyes, nine (24.3%) received two or fewer injections/year, and their JRs were less than 1.05. The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that only the JR was correlated significantly with the number of anti-VEGF injections/year (P<0.0001). Conclusions: A smooth border between the INL and the OPL on OCT images at the initial visit may be a biomarker for fewer ME recurrences in eyes with BRVO.
4D volcanic geology of Hachijo-jima islet, Izu-Bonin arc
Authors: Osozawa Soichi , Ito Hisatoshi , Nakazato Hiroomi , Wakabayashi John
Published: April 2021

This study provides geological, geochemical, and chronological insight into the evolution of the Hachijo-jima volcanoes of the Izu Bonin arc. The regional Ata-Torihama tephra (Ata-Th; 0.24 Ma) and Kikai-Tozurahara tephra (K-Tz; 0.095 Ma) from Kyushu are intercalated within the voluminous proximal volcanic products. Our study combines detailed geologic mapping, tephrochronology, U-Pb zircon dating, and published drill core data from NEDO (1993) to evaluate the time transgressive 3-dimensional (thus 4-dimensional) structure of the dissected Mihara-yama volcano, the older of the two volcanoes on Hachijo-jima. The volcanic succession comprises terrestrial volcanic basement, marine volcaniclastic rocks, and terrestrial tuff intercalated with tholeiitic basalt and the regional calc-alkaline tephra layers. The un-dissected Hachijo-Fuji stratovolcano (tholeiitic basalt) overlies marine volcaniclastics abutting the northwestern paleo sea cliffs of Mihara-yama. Newly-described folding and normal faulting of the marine and overlying terrestrial volcaniclastic rocks suggests NW-SE shortening that may be associated with the collision of the Izu-Bonin arc with the Honshu arc. The proto Hachijo-jima volcano emerged above the sea > 0.24 Ma, and this date can be applied as a molecular biological calibration date for organisms on this island.
Congenital Hypothyroidism Can Dictate the Mode of Delivery and Intra-labor Medication Usage
Authors: Rosen Gil , Lavie Anat , Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal , Almashanu Shlomo , Priel Meital , Many Ariel , Lebenthal Yael , Brener Avivit
Published: April 2021

Pregnancy and parturition reflect the complex interaction between physiologic conditions of the mother and her offspring, and fetal health characteristics may affect maternal health throughout pregnancy and delivery. We investigated the characteristics of the mother-infant dyad of term infants detected by the National Newborn Screening Program as having congenital hypothyroidism (CH) (131 out of 108,717; 0.12%). Three years of surveillance in our Pediatric Endocrine Clinic revealed that 65 had transient CH and 66 had permanent CH. A higher proportion of deliveries of CH infants required vacuum assistance, and more infants with CH were born through a cesarean section compared to the general population (p<0.001). Medication during labor also differed, with higher rates of oxytocin (p<0.001) and antibiotics (p=0.008) administered to mothers of CH infants. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed an increased demand for oxytocin administration during the labor of a CH infant in a hypothyroidism severity-dependent manner, expressed as a threefold risk associated with permanent but not transient CH. Our findings of increased utilization of medical interventions during the labor and delivery of CH infants suggest that the prenatal fetal thyroid function affects the development and progress of labor and delivery, in response to oxytocin.
A Data-Driven Travel Mode Share Estimation Framework based on Mobile Device Location Data
Authors: Yang Mofeng , Pan Yixuan , Darzi Aref , Ghader Sepehr , Xiong Chenfeng , Zhang Lei
Published: April 2021

Mobile device location data (MDLD) contains abundant travel behavior information to support travel demand analysis. Compared to traditional travel surveys, MDLD has larger spatiotemporal coverage of the population and its mobility. However, ground truth information such as trip origins and destinations, travel modes, and trip purposes are not included by default. Such important attributes must be imputed to maximize the usefulness of the data. This paper targets at studying the capability of MDLD on estimating travel mode share at aggregated levels. A data-driven framework is proposed to extract travel behavior information from MDLD. The proposed framework first identifies trip ends with a modified Spatiotemporal Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (ST-DBSCAN) algorithm. Then three types of features are extracted for each trip to impute travel modes using machine learning models. A labeled MDLD dataset with ground truth information is used to train the proposed models, resulting in a 95% recall rate in identifying trip ends and a 93% 10-fold cross-validation accuracy in imputing the five travel modes (drive, rail, bus, bike and walk) with a Random Forest (RF) classifier. The proposed framework is then applied to two large-scale MDLD datasets, covering the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area and the United States, respectively. The estimated trip distance, trip time, trip rate distribution, and travel mode share are compared against travel surveys at different geographies. The results suggest that the proposed framework can be readily applied in different states and metropolitan regions with low cost in order to study multimodal travel demand, understand mobility trends, and support decision making.
The Communication in the Algerian Company: is a Technical Tool or a Managerial Practice? Case of the Internal Communication in a Financial Company of BADR
Authors: Ibtissem Gadi , Radia Bessaim
Published: April 2021

The topic was chosen due to the role that communication plays which is growing gradually in all forms of organization. It’s a part of strategic perspective and is gained through diverse relational acts that are establishing with external environment and within organization, between the structures, between groups or between individuals, organization needs the internal communication in the situation of organisational change, conflicts, creativity. We are focusing in this study on two sides, the tools established which can improve the internal communication and the top down communication which can create a healthy climate gives a solid foundation upon of transparency and confidence inside furthermore it reflect the good reputation and image of the company outside. The purpose of this article is to determine the technique tools of internal communication which can affects the performance of a financial company: Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development, his contribution to personals, as a reflection tool constituting a certain number of benchmarks permitting them to seize a new approach to the concept of organizational communication. Firstly, we counted on the stages of scientific research by gathering information about the company, after that we chose our sample, we elaborated the questionnaire to answer the questions, Secondly, we analysed the process of internal communication in the bank. Our sample contained 20 employees all of them were competent employees, we found that internal communication is not just a simple operation it consists in disseminating and sharing information, but also it contributes greatly to motivating, instilling and establishing confidence among various members of the organisation, appreciating the efforts. Finally, we have reached that internal communication is a managerial practical which is a source of effectiveness and efficiency than a simple tool.
The Impact Of The COVID-19 Pandemic On Business Activities In Ukraine
Authors: Boronos Volodymyr , Zakharkin Oleksii , Zakharkina Liudmyla , Bilous Yuliia
Published: April 2021

The article summarizes the arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion on financial security and business resilience to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The bibliometric analysis allowed to determine the appearance of terms in time and revealed the latest research topics. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving this problem showed that business in Ukraine and other countries had suffered significantly from introducing anti-epidemic restrictions, the need for which is recognized by the world community. The consequences of such measures were manifested in falling GDP, industrial production index, and declining investment activity at the state level. Unemployment has risen significantly, leading to an additional burden on the Compulsory State Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine in the event of unemployment. The negative effects of the pandemic crisis have also been reflected in the deterioration of businesses’ financial performance, especially in industry, transport, temporary accommodation and catering. In these types of economic activity, the share of unprofitable enterprises reaches 73%, which significantly undermines the financial security of Ukraine. The study aims to assess the impact of the pandemic crisis on business and analyze ways to mitigate such impacts, which should be used at the state level in Ukraine. The study’s methodological tools were the methods of scientific abstraction, comparative and systematic analysis and synthesis, systematization, and logical generalization. The study results showed that the pandemic had the greatest impact on small and medium-sized businesses, where more than 60% of entrepreneurs suffered losses or went bankrupt altogether. Big businesses have become more resilient, but they have also faced significant problems with a general decline in business activity, disruption of logistics processes, losses from employee illness and anti-epidemic measures. Analysis of the risks that arose in the business due to pandemic factors showed that they are manifested in a decrease in revenue and profit, deteriorating profitability, increased costs for storage of finished products and marketing activities. The study showed that in today’s economic environment, effective government support for business should be carried out to form an appropriate mechanism that uses the socio-economic potential of business entities and effectively allocates financial resources.
Mapping Of The Responsible Investments Instruments In Sdg 3 ‘Good Health And Well-Being’ Financing: EU And US Experience
Authors: Sepreninova Yulia , Makarenko Inna , Plastun Alex , Babko Angela , Gasimova Gunnay
Published: April 2021

This article summarizes the existing approaches to investigating instruments of responsible investments in the health care system in Europe and in United States. The main research’s purpose is to identify existing instruments of responsible investment under funding Sustainable Development Goal 3: ‘Good health and well-being’. Systematization of scientific sources and approaches on the investigated issue showed no unique approach to forming a list of responsible investment instruments to finance health and well-being in Europe and United States. Hence, existing approaches vary by risk, return, suitability for financing, and so on. Therefore, the analysis and generalization of existing approaches and investigating their implementation-related practical features are the relevant scientific problem. The research’s object is the health care financing approaches of the generally recognized organizations such as the Financial Initiative for Biodiversity under the United Nations Development Program, the United States Agency for International Development and the World Bank (Biodiversity Finance Initiative United Nation Development Program, USAID, World Bank). The authors noted that these organizations contributed greatly to provide funding for these projects at the global level. For gaining the research’s goal, this study was conducted in the following logical sequence. Firstly, the authors characterized the Biofin financial decisions in health care under the United Nations Development Program. Secondly, the study systematized the U.S. Agency for International Development financing approaches regarding the Sustainable Development Goal 3. Then, the authors generalized the practical directions towards realizing the mentioned above instruments while digging into the World Bank responsible investment activity regarding health care. The study suggested the typology method to identify the key criteria for classifying responsible investment instruments. In turn, the mapping method was used to generalize the scientific background concerning health care finance. Therefore, the findings could help scientists further develop and unify the classification of responsible investment instruments regarding sustainable development and health care financing based on EU and US experience. Moreover, the obtained results enrich the existing global approaches in funding the national health care system and reaching the established Sustainable Development Goals 3 ‘Good health and well-being’.
WAVE FIELD GENERATED BY FINITE-SPAN HYDROFOILS OPERATING BENEATH A FREE SURFACE
Authors:   Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Motor Vehicles and Transportation Technologies Canakkale, Turkey, Ozdemir Yavuz Hakan , Cosgun Taner ,   Yildiz Technical University, Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey, Barlas Baris ,   Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Naval  Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
Published: April 2021

The present paper focuses on the numerical investigation of the flow around the fully submerged 2D and 3D hydrofoils operating close to a free surface. Iterative boundary element method is implemented to predict the flow field. This study aims to investigate the aspect ratio effect on the free surface interactions and hydrodynamic performance of the hydrofoils under a free surface by using potential flow theory. Three different submergence depths and aspect ratios are studied in the wide range of Froude Numbers. In 3D cases, spanwise width of the numerical wave tank model is selected both equal and wider to the foil span, to observe the sidewall effects. Wave field seems to be two dimensional at low Froude numbers. On the other hand, signs of three dimensionalities are observed on the free surface structure for higher Fn, even the predicted wave elevations are very close to 2D calculations in the midsection. Increment in the Fn give a rise to the amplitude of the generated waves first, however a further increase in Fn has a lowering effect with the beginning of waves spill in the spanwise direction in the form of Kelvin waves. Free surface proximity and resultant wave field are also seeming to be linked with the lift force on the hydrofoil. As aspect ratio of the foil increase, 3D lift values are getting closer to those of 2D calculations. However, it is seen that, 3D BEM predictions of a hydrofoil under free surface effect cannot be considered two-dimensional even the aspect ratio is equal to 8.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms among older children and young adolescents: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Juul Else Marie Lysfjord , Hjemdal Odin , Aune Tore
Published: April 2021

Introduction:

This paper investigates levels of depressive symptoms among older children and young adolescents, 11–14 years of age. The population-based sample was assessed twice during a 12-month period. Point-prevalence, 12-month prevalence, and 12-month incidence were measured by a validated self-reported scale (SFMQ) and are presented in this paper.

Methods:

A total of 2148 pupils were invited to participate in this study, and 1748 pupils and at least one parent/guardian provided informed consent. The population was assessed twice within one 12-month period resulting in 1439 participants at both data collection points. Depressive symptoms were measured by a validated self-reported scale, The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ).

Results:

The results indicate that the point-prevalence was just under 10% in 6th to 10th grade with a 12-month prevalence at almost 3%. The results also indicate an incidence rate of 4.5% over 12-months. This study confirms that girls report a higher range of point prevalence, 12- month-prevalence, and 12-month incidence compared to boys.

Conclusions:

The results indicate that depressive symptoms among children and young adolescents is a serious health challenge. The results demonstrate substantial gender differences even at an early age (11-14 years), where girls report significantly higher point prevalence, 12-month-prevalence, and 12-month incidence compared to boys. Results from this study suggest that depressive symptoms are an important problem that young adolescents face, and the study underlines the need for more intervention tailored to gender at the middle-school level, especially with respect to those children and adolescents who experience persistent depressive symptoms.
Effectiveness and safety of dexamphetamine sulfate (Attentin®) in the routine treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD: results from a 12-month non-interventional study
Authors: Uebel-von Sandersleben Henrik , Dangel Oliver , Fischer Roland , Ruhmann Michaela , Huss Michael
Published: April 2021

Background:

Randomized controlled trials have shown that dexamphetamine sulfate (DEX) is efficacious in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents; however, data on the effectiveness and safety of DEX in routine practice are scarce.

Objective:

This study investigated the long-term effectiveness and safety of Attentin® (immediate-release DEX) in children and adolescents with ADHD in routine practice.

Methods:

ATTENTION was a multicenter, prospective, observational, non-interventional study that enrolled pediatric patients with ADHD (aged 6-17 years) with a clinically inadequate response to previous methylphenidate (MPH) treatment. Patients were assessed at baseline and two follow-up visits after approx. 6 and 12 months of DEX treatment. The primary endpoint was the investigator-rated ADHD rating scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) total score change from baseline to the first follow-up visit.

Results:

The study enrolled 140 patients (mean age: 11.2 years). Significant reductions in ADHD-RS-IV total scores were observed in the titration phase and were maintained up to the second follow-up visit. The mean ADHD-RS-IV total score change from baseline to the first follow-up visit was -11.9 (27.1 vs. 13.4, p < .001). Beneficial effects of DEX were observed on both ADHD-RS-IV subscales (‘hyperactivity/impulsivity’ and ‘inattention’) and in both children and adolescents. Clinical response, defined as a reduction in the ADHD-RS-IV total score of at least 30% at the first follow-up visit, was observed in 78.1% of patients. Patients reported an average onset of action of 36.2 minutes and an average duration of action of 6.5 hours after intake of the first dose of DEX in the morning. DEX was well tolerated. Small significant increases in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to baseline were observed.

Conclusions:

Attentin® is an effective and well-tolerated long-term treatment for pediatric ADHD patients with a clinically inadequate response to previous MPH treatment.
Deep Tendon Reflex: The Tools and Techniques. What Surgical Neurology Residents Should Know
Authors: Lin-Wei Ooi , Sang Xian Leonard Leong , Wei Shen Vincent Tee , Yong Chuan Chee , Abdul Halim Sanihah , Ghani Abdul Rahman Izani , Idris Zamzuri , Abdullah Jafri Malin
Published: April 2021

The deep tendon reflex (DTR) is a key component of the neurological examination. However, interpretation of the results is a challenge since there is a lack of knowledge on the important features of reflex responses such as the amount of hammer force, the strength of contraction, duration of the contraction and relaxation. The tools used to elicit the reflexes also play a role in the quality of the reflex contraction. Furthermore, improper execution techniques during the DTR assessment may alter the findings and cloud the true assessment of the nervous system. Therefore, understanding the basic principles and the key features of DTR allows for better interpretation of the reflex responses. This paper discusses the brief history of reflexes, the development of the reflex hammer, and also the key features of a reflex response encompassing the amplitude of force needed to elicit a reflex response, the velocity of contraction, the strength of contraction, and the duration of contraction and relaxation phases. The final section encloses the techniques of eliciting DTR in the upper extremities, trunk, and lower extremities, and the interpretation of these reflexes.
20 év alatti várandósok: mennyire jellemző és mi befolyásolja a hátrányos helyzetet?
Authors: Szabó Laura , Makay Zsuzsanna
Published: April 2021

A fiatalkori gyermekvállalás gyakorisága számottevően csökkent az utóbbi évtizedekben, ám továbbra is fontos a jelenség társadalmi vonatkozása. A Kohorsz ’18 adatait felhasználva a várandósság 7. hónapjában válaszoló, 20 éves kor alatti várandósok társadalmi státuszát elemezzük. Arra keressük a választ, hogy mennyire hátrányos helyzetű ez a csoport? Mennyire figyelhetők meg különbségek náluk e téren, vannak-e körükben a többi kiskorú várandóshoz képest rosszabb körülmények között élők és olyanok, akikre ez kevésbé igaz? A hátrányos helyzet milyen mértékben magyarázható az alacsony életkorral? Eredményeink szerint a fiatalkori várandósság egy erőteljesen hátrányos társadalmi réteghez kötődik: a nők iskolai végzettsége kortársaikhoz képest is alacsony; a párkapcsolati helyzetük bizonytalan, hiszen közel ötödüknek nincs együtt élő partnere a várandósság idején; tíz gyermekből kilenc várhatóan házasságon kívül születik; és a fiatalkori várandósok fele a legalsó jövedelmi ötödbe tartozik a becsült ekvivalens háztartási jövedelem alapján. Klaszterelemzéssel kimutatjuk ugyanakkor, hogy a hátrányos helyzet szempontjából nem homogén ez a csoport: főként a párkapcsolati helyzete szerint lehet elkülöníteni egy különösen hátrányos csoportot, a fiatal gyermekvállalók 18%-át, akik jellemzően kiskorúak, nincs együtt élő partnerük, és a többieknél is rosszabb jövedelmi körülmények között élnek. Regressziós elemzéssel alátámasztjuk, hogy a többi várandóshoz képest a fiatal életkor önmagában is erőteljes előjelzője az alacsony társadalmi státusznak: a 20 év alattiak mintegy 35%-kal nagyobb eséllyel hátrányos helyzetűek, mint az idősebb várandósok. Emellett több változó is kihat a hátrányos helyzetre, a legerőteljesebben a munkapiaci státusz.
Legislative Regulation Paradoxes of Criminal Liability for Corruption-related Crimes
Authors:   Irkutsk Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice, Boskholov S.S. , Tatarnikov V.G. ,   East-Siberian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice
Published: April 2021

The article raises the problem of the property confiscation absence as an additional measure of punishment in modern Russian criminal legislation. The authors analyze the reasons for excluding property confiscation from the types of criminal punishment in 2003, reveal the difference between property confiscation as a punishment and property confiscation as a measure of criminal law, and provide examples of the property confiscation practice. The article examines the issues of ensuring the compliance of sanctions with the nature and degree of social danger of the crime, with the tasks of preventing the crimes under consideration, and with the justice principles implementation. The article compares the criminal legislation of the Soviet period and modern Russian legislation on liability for corruption crimes. It is proposed that property confiscation must be included in the Criminal Code of Russia as an additional measure of punishment for grave and especially grave crimes, first of all, corruption related crimes. It is also proposed to abandon the establishment of a fine as the main punishment in sanctions for the most dangerous crimes of a corruption nature, including such ones as taking a bribe. According to the authors` opinion the main punishment for such crimes should be imprisonment.