bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrated pest management portfolios in UK arable farming: results of a farmer survey
Authors: Bailey Alastair S , Bertaglia Marco , Fraser Iain M , Sharma Abhijit , Douarin Elodie
Published: May 2009

BACKGROUND: Farmers are faced with a wide range of pest management (PM) options that can be adopted in isolation or alongside complementary or substitute strategies. This paper presents the results of a survey of UK cereal producers, focusing on the character and diversity of PM strategies currently used by, or available to, farmers. In addition, the survey asked various questions pertaining to agricultural policy participation, attitude towards environmental issues, sources of PM advice and information and the important characteristics of PM technologies.

RESULTS: The results indicate that many farmers do make use of a suite of PM techniques, and that their choice of integrated PM (IPM) portfolio appears to be jointly dictated by farm characteristics and government policy. Results also indicate that portfolio choice does affect the number of subsequent insecticide applications per crop.

CONCLUSIONS: These results help to identify the type of IPM portfolios considered to be adoptable by farmers and highlight the importance of substitution in IPM portfolios. As such, these results will help to direct R&D effort towards the realisation of more sustainable PM approaches and aid the identification of potential portfolio adopters. These findings highlight the opportunity that a revised agri‐environmental policy design could generate in terms of enhancing coherent IPM portfolio adoption. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Family ties and residential locations
Authors: Mulder Clara H. , Cooke Thomas J.
Published: May 2009

In this paper, and in the Special Issue it introduces, the focus is on the role of family ties in residential location choice and, conversely, the role of residential locations in maintaining family ties. Not only do events in the nuclear family trigger residential relocations, but nearby family members living outside the household prevent some people from moving away, whereas family members living far away trigger moves towards them. Furthermore, the current locations of family members are important to the frequency of contact and the exchange of support. The papers in this special issue all contribute to a growing appreciation of the inter‐relationships between the nuclear and extended families and residential relocation, and will contribute to a better understanding of both. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geographical distances and support from family members
Authors: Mulder Clara H. , van der Meer Marieke J.
Published: May 2009

We address two questions: to what extent does geographical distance to parents, siblings and children living outside the household influence receiving support from them? And to what extent does the availability of other network members living closer play a part in receiving support? We use the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study and logistic regression models of receiving support from parents, children and siblings. The results indicate a strong impact of distance on support from family members, particularly from siblings and fathers but less so from mothers and children. Particularly siblings, sons and mothers are more likely to provide support if there are no other family members living closer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult children and elderly parents as mobility attractions in Sweden
Authors: Pettersson Anna , Malmberg Gunnar
Published: May 2009

The aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which elderly parents and adult children move close (or very close) to each other and how this mobility is influenced by socioeconomic conditions, family situation, gender and age. The analyses are based on register data for the years 2001 and 2002 covering all elderly parents and their adult children residing in Sweden. For instance, our analyses show a positive relationship between, on the one hand, moving close to an adult child or an elderly parent and, on the other, the presence of other family members (e.g. siblings and grandchildren). We also found that moving very close to adult children was more common among the young‐old and less common among the old‐old. One interpretation is that young‐old parents often move close to their adult children to have social contact or assist them, but as the parents grow older and their health weakens, care becomes increasingly important and, in the Swedish welfare state, it becomes more the responsibility of public institutions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contact and proximity of older people to their adult children: a comparison between Italy and Sweden
Authors: Bordone Valeria
Published: May 2009

This work extends the recent research on contact and geographical distance between older parents and their adult children. After a review of previous studies on this topic and an overview of the geography of the family in Italy and Sweden, multivariate analysis is used to answer the research questions ‘which variables account for the levels of kin contact and spatial proximity in Italy and Sweden?’ and ‘which ones explain the differences between the two countries?’ Population ageing and socio‐demographic changes in Italy raise the question of whether the differences between the ‘Mediterranean patriarchal model’ and the ‘Northern European model’ persist, or whether there is convergence towards patterns in vanguard countries such as Sweden. Of particular interest is the role played by education because of the increasing proportions of highly educated people. Logistic regression models on SHARE data always show higher levels of intergenerational proximity and contact in Italy than in Sweden. However, most of the socio‐demographic variables have similar impacts on them in the two countries. Interaction models and Seemingly Unrelated Estimation analyses lead to the conclusion that proximity has a different role in the two societies considered, affecting the frequency of contact as well. The results suggest that the available micro‐level indicators cannot fully explain the North–South divide in family behaviours, showing that cultural patterns are rather strong. Still, this work suggests a focus more on European similarities, rather than differences, in terms of intergenerational relationships and family behaviours. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethnic differences in spatial mobility: the impact of family ties
Authors: Zorlu Aslan
Published: May 2009

In the last three decades, the population of Amsterdam has been ‘coloured’ due to immigration flows from abroad and a low outflow rate among these immigrants and their descendants. The question is to what extent differences in the spatial mobility behaviours of migrants and natives are generated by neighbourhood characteristics – including the level of ethnic segregation and family ties? This article examines spatial mobility processes in the Amsterdam population using administrative individual data covering the entire population of the city. The analysis shows that Caribbean (Surinamese and Antillean) migrants have a higher probability of moving to the suburbs while Moroccans and Turks tend to rearrange themselves within the city. The estimates reveal that neighbourhood ‘quality’ has only a modest impact on the probability of moving, while family ties significantly hamper the out‐mobility of all individuals. The impact of family ties is the largest for Turkish and Moroccan migrants. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hamilton cycles in 3‐out
Authors: Bohman Tom , Frieze Alan
Published: May 2009

Let G3‐out denote the random graph on vertex set [n] in which each vertex chooses three neighbors uniformly at random. Note that G3‐out has minimum degree 3 and average degree 6. We prove that the probability that G3‐out is Hamiltonian goes to 1 as n tends to infinity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009
Using simulation to interpret results from logit, probit, and other nonlinear models
Authors: Zelner Bennet A.
Published: May 2009

In a recent issue of this journal, Glenn Hoetker proposes that researchers improve the interpretation and presentation of logit and probit results by reporting the marginal effects of key independent variables at theoretically interesting or empirically relevant values of the other independent variables in the model, and also by presenting results graphically (Hoetker, 2007: 335, 337). In this research note, I suggest an alternative approach for achieving this objective: reporting differences in predicted probabilities associated with discrete changes in key independent variable values. This intuitive approach to interpretation is especially useful when the theoretically interesting or empirically relevant changes in independent variables values are not very small, and also for models that contain interaction terms (or higher‐order terms such as quadratics). Although the graphical presentations recommended by Hoetker implicitly embody this approach, they typically fail to include appropriate measures of statistical significance, and may therefore lead to erroneous conclusions. In order to calculate such measures, I recommend and demonstrate an intuitive simulation‐based approach to statistical interpretation, developed by King et al. (2000), that has gained widespread adherence in the field of political science. Throughout the article, I provide a running example based on research that has previously appeared in the Strategic Management Journal. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Switchable Helical Structures Formed by the Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Laterally Tethered Nanorods
Authors: Nguyen Trung Dac , Glotzer Sharon C.
Published: May 2009

The formation of helical scrolls formed by self‐assembly of tethered nanorod amphiphiles and their molecular analogs are investigated. A model bilayer sheet assembled by laterally tethered nanorods is simulated and shown that it can fold into distinct helical morphologies under different solvent conditions. The helices can reversibly transform from one morphology to another by dynamically changing the solvent condition. This model serves both to inspire the fabrication of laterally tethered nanorods for assembling helices at nanometer scales and as a proof‐of‐concept for engineering switchable nanomaterials via hierarchical self‐assembly.
Bid evaluation in combinatorial auctions: optimization and learning
Authors: Milano Michela , Guerri Alessio
Published: May 2009

In combinatorial auctions bidders can post bids on groups of items. The problem of selecting the winning bids, called Winner Determination Problem, is NP‐hard. In this paper, we consider an interesting variant of this problem, called Bid Evaluation Problem (BEP), where items are services and are subject to precedence constraints and temporal windows. The BEP has many practical applications, such as, for instance, in transportation routes auctions and in take off and landing time slot allocation problems. We have developed a number of optimization algorithms based on Constraint Programming, on Integer Programming and on the combination of the two techniques. We first show that all algorithms proposed outperform the only commercial system for solving BEP instances called Multi AGent Negotiation Testbed, a more general tool for agent negotiation. Then, we evaluate the developed algorithms and use the decision tree machine learning technique for finding a relation between the instance structure and the solving algorithm and providing an automatic algorithm selection procedure. We show that we can achieve an accuracy of 90% in predicting the best algorithm given the instance to be solved with a significant time saving w.r.t. a single solving technique or a costless, but less accurate, prediction technique. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) from the Gulf of California
Authors: Niño‐Torres Carlos Alberto , Zenteno‐Savín Tania , Gardner Susan C. , Urbán R. Jorge
Published: May 2009

The present study reports unique data on concentrations of several classes of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in blubber biopsies from healthy living fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) from the Gulf of California, Mexico, one of the most isolated and unstudied population in the world. OC levels in this population were generally lower than levels reported in fin whales from other regions. The rank order of OCs were ∑DDTs (range from 300 to 2400 ng g−1 lw) > ∑PCBs (range from 40 to 290 ng g−1 lw) > ∑HCHs (range from <LOQ to 92 ng g−1 lw) ≥ ∑CHLORs (from < LOQ to 100 ng g−1 lw). The most abundant OC pesticide measured was the DDT metabolite, p,p′‐DDE. The PCBs 138, 153, and 180 were the most abundant PCBs congeners found in the fin whales samples. Males had significant higher concentrations of ∑OC, ∑DDTs and ∑PCBs than females (P < 0.05), although the p,p′‐DDE/∑DDTs ratios were similar between the sexes. Although the OC concentrations found in this population were generally below the levels that would be expected to cause deleterious health effects, the maximum values observed (2700 ng g−1 lw) in some animals were higher than those associated with reproductive effects in whales. Given the small population size and highly isolated characteristics of Gulf of California fin whales, health effects in individuals could readily translate into population‐level effects. Future research on this topic will be necessary to better understand the role that these compounds may have on the health of this population. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 25: 381–390, 2010.
Feasibility and accuracy of fetal echocardiography using four‐dimensional spatiotemporal image correlation technology before 16 weeks' gestation
Authors: Bennasar M. , Martínez J. M. , Olivella A. , del Río M. , Gómez O. , Figueras F. , Puerto B. , Gratacós E.
Published: May 2009

Objectives

To evaluate the potential value of early fetal echocardiography (EFE) by means of four‐dimensional (4D) spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) technology for either reassurance of normality or prenatal diagnosis of major congenital heart defects (CHDs).

Methods

Sixty‐nine pregnant women from 11 to 15 weeks' gestation underwent EFE. 4D‐STIC volumes were acquired by the transvaginal approach for later review by two different examiners. STIC evaluation was considered complete when the four‐chamber view, and the origin and double‐crossing of the great arteries were identified correctly. Color Doppler imaging was used to detect either septal shunts or transvalvular regurgitation/aliasing suggesting abnormalities. STIC diagnoses were compared with those of conventional EFE. Reliability was assessed by postnatal examination, or autopsy in cases of termination of pregnancy or perinatal death.

Results

The median gestational age at volume acquisition was 13 + 3 weeks. Eleven (15.9%) cases of CHD were diagnosed. A complete EFE was possible in 64 cases. We were able to provide reassurance of normality in 51 of the 53 confirmed normal hearts, with no false‐positive results for major defects, although two minor defects (one ventricular septal defect (VSD) and one persistent left superior vena cava) were falsely suspected. The only false negative was a significant VSD at birth overlooked by both observers. Therefore, the total accuracy of STIC‐EFE was 95.3% (61/64), with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 90.9%, 96.2%, 83.3% and 98.1%. The accuracy of conventional EFE (98.4%, 63/64) was slightly better than that of STIC, with no false‐positive results recorded.

Conclusions

Offline evaluation of 4D‐STIC acquired volumes of the fetal heart in the first and early second trimester of pregnancy is reliable not only for early reassurance of normal cardiac anatomy but also to diagnose most major structural heart defects. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonography in obese and overweight pregnant women: clinical, medicolegal and technical issues
Authors: Paladini D.
Published: May 2009

Obesity has increased dramatically worldwide over the last two decades, becoming a social concern. In pregnancy, obesity is associated with increased risk of maternal death and of significant complications, such as pre‐eclampsia, diabetes and postpartum hemorrhage. Several papers have also reported an increased risk of major anomalies in the offspring of obese pregnant women. At the same time, carrying out an ultrasound examination on an obese pregnant woman is a difficult task, due to the impaired acoustic window. This Review discusses the clinical, technical and medicolegal problems associated with ultrasound examination in obese and/or overweight women and provides tips for performing these examinations. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging of the fetal bony pelvis by computed tomography in a case of bladder exstrophy
Authors: Mabille M. , De Laveaucoupet J. , Senat M.‐V. , Picone O. , Levaillant J.‐M. , Mas A. E. , Musset D.
Published: May 2009

We describe the findings on computed tomography (CT) in a prenatally diagnosed case of bladder exstrophy, and compare them with the findings on two‐ and three‐dimensional sonography. The CT data of the affected fetus were compared with the CT findings of 14 fetuses with normal bony pelvises. The CT images showed differences in the structure of the bony pelvis in the case of bladder exstrophy, with a wide gap between the iliopubic and ischiopubic rami and a widening of the iliac bones. CT scanning was useful in confirming the sonographic diagnosis of bladder exstrophy, and it may also be helpful for planning early surgery following delivery. Copyright © 2009 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Verringerung der Belagbildung durch beschichtete Oberflächen
Authors: Geddert Timo , Albert Florian , Bialuch Ingmar , Augustin Wolfgang , Scholl Stephan
Published: May 2009

Die Belagbildung auf technisch genutzten Flächen ist ein bedeutendes wirtschaftliches Problem. Diese Belagbildung, auch Fouling genannt, kann durch Salze, Partikel oder biologische Komponenten erfolgen oder auch durch chemische Reaktionen ausgelöst werden. Studien zufolge beträgt der gesamtwirtschaftliche Schaden durch Belagbildung in Industriestaaten etwa 0,25 % des BIP, was für Deutschland einer Summe von 6,2 Milliarden Euro jährlich entspricht (2008).

Aufgrund der isolierenden Wirkung der Foulingschicht kann sich der Wärmedurchgang und somit die Leistung des Wärmeübertragers entscheidend verschlechtern. Um die Standzeiten des Wärmeübertragers zu maximieren und die Reinigungszyklen und ‐zeiten zu minimieren ist die Veränderung der Hafteigenschaften der Wärmeübertragerfläche von entscheidender Bedeutung. Hier sind Beschichtungen mittels PACVD (Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition) eine Möglichkeit, definierte Veränderungen der Oberfläche vorzunehmen. Hierzu wurden Versuche mit modifizierten DLC‐Schichten (Diamond Like Carbon) unternommen, die ihr Potential als foulingmindernde Schicht bewiesen haben. Die Standzeit des Wärmeübertragers im Labormaßstab konnte durch die gezielte Oberflächenmodifikation um den Faktor 10 verlängert werden.
Synthesis of YVO4:Eu3+/YBO3Heteronanostructures with Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties
Authors: Zhu Hongliang , Hu Haihua , Wang Zhengkai , Zuo Diantai
Published: May 2009

Novel YVO4:Eu3+/YBO3core/shell heteronanostructures with different shell ratios (SRs) were successfully prepared by a facile two-step method. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the heteronanostructures. Photoluminescence (PL) study reveals that PL efficiency of the YVO4:Eu3+nanocrystals (cores) can be improved by the growth of YBO3nanocoatings onto the cores to form the YVO4:Eu3+/YBO3core/shell heteronanostructures. Furthermore, shell ratio plays a critical role in their PL efficiency. The heteronanostructures (SR = 1/7) exhibit the highest PL efficiency; its PL intensity of the5D0–7F2emission at 620 nm is 27% higher than that of the YVO4:Eu3+nanocrystals under the same conditions.
On the two-phase membrane problem with coefficients below the Lipschitz threshold
Authors: Shahgholian Henrik , Edquist Anders , Lindgren Erik
Published: May 2009

We study the regularity of the two-phase membrane problem, with coefficients below the Lipschitz threshold. For the Lipschitz coefficient case one can apply a monotonicity formula to prove the

C^{1,1}

-regularity of the solution and that the free boundary is, near the so-called branching points, the union of two

C^{1}

-graphs. In our case, the same monotonicity formula does not apply in the same way. In the absence of a monotonicity formula, we use a specific scaling argument combined with the classification of certain global solutions to obtain

C^{1,1}

-estimates. Then we exploit some stability properties with respect to the coefficients to prove that the free boundary is the union of two Reifenberg vanishing sets near so-called branching points.
The optimal shape of a dendrite sealed at both ends
Authors: Privat Yannick
Published: May 2009

In this paper, we are interested in the geometric structures which appear in nature. We consider the example of a nerve fiber and we suppose that shapes in nature arise in order to optimize some criterion. Then, we try to solve the problem consisting in searching the shape of a nerve fiber for a given criterion. The first considered criterion represents the attenuation in space of the electrical message troughout the fiber and seems to be relevant. Our second criterion represents the attenuation in time of the electrical message and doesn't provide a realistic shape. We prove that the associated optimization problem has no solution.
From Entrepreneur to Mayor: Assessing the Impact of the Founder's Changing Reputation on Hubbard Foods Ltd.
Authors: Kirkwood Jodyanne , Gray Brendan
Published: May 2009

Small businesses have received limited attention from those researching corporate reputation. This paper addresses this gap by examining the development of corporate reputation within a small business in New Zealand. The longitudinal case study locates three distinct stages of corporate reputation building as Hubbard Foods Ltd. grew from small beginnings in 1988 to a firm that now employs 128 people and has a 21% share of the New Zealand cereal market. First, the values of Dick Hubbard, the company founder, were important at start-up as the entrepreneur and the company were viewed as one entity. Second, as the company began to grow, the creation of a family culture and socially responsible company behaviours were key to the reputation building process. In 2004, Dick Hubbard stepped into the political arena and placed the day-to-day running of the business in the hands of an experienced CEO. In this third stage, his and the company's reputations parted. However, the corporate reputation of Hubbard Foods continued to thrive, even though the founder's own reputation came under close media scrutiny and intense political pressure. The reasons for the persistence of the company's good name appear to be related to the constant retelling of a corporate “story”, which captured the core values and competencies that resonated with staff, customers, and other stakeholders. The three-stage model introduced in this paper provides a useful framework for future research into the development of corporate reputation in small businesses. Implications for reputation management are also discussed.
Neonatal allopregnanolone increases novelty‐directed locomotion and disrupts behavioural responses to GABAAreceptor modulators in adulthood
Authors: Darbra Sònia , Pallarès Marc
Published: May 2009

Recent findings indicate that neurosteroids could act as important modulators during brain development. The aim of the present work is to screen whether developmentally altered AlloP levels may have long‐lasting effects on behaviour and influence the emotional response to several GABAAreceptor modulating drugs in adulthood. Acute allopregnanolone administration (10 mg/kg) in the fifth postnatal day: (1) provoked long‐term effects, as an increase of the novelty‐directed locomotor activity and a decrease of its habituation in the open field in adult rats; (2) altered GABAAreceptor response in adulthood, as reflected by the disruption of the effects of midazolam (1 mg/kg) and flumazenil (10 mg/kg) on the locomotor habituation in adulthood. Whereas the behavioural responses to 0.75 mg/kg of lorazepam or 3 mg/kg of 4,5,6,7‐tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4‐c]pyridin‐3‐ol (THIP) were not affected, although lorazepam decreased locomotor activity in both neonatal AlloP and control rats, probably related to the sedative properties of the dose tested. Also, in the elevated plus‐maze, the anxiolytic effects of lorazepam were observed in controls, but not in neonatal allopregnanolone‐treated rats. This suggests that neonatal allopregnanolone decreases sensitivity to the anxiolytic effects of lorazepam at a dose of 0.75 mg/kg. Results suggest that alterations in neonatal allopregnanolone could result in an altered GABAAreceptor response in adulthood that is evident behaviourally. These results point out the importance of the maturation of the endogenous neurosteroid mechanisms in the brain related to locomotor response to novelty and the responses to GABAAmodulators in adulthood. This work opens future directions focused on the effects of acute and long‐lasting neonatal alterations of AlloP levels on vulnerability to psychopathology in adulthood.
Differences in the management of suspected cases of placenta accreta in France and Argentina
Authors: Mazouni Chafika , Palacios‐Jaraquemada José M. , Deter Russell , Juhan Valérie , Gamerre Marc , Bretelle Florence
Published: May 2009

Objective

To compare the imaging procedures and surgical strategies used to treat placenta accreta at referral centers in France and Argentina.

Method

A total of 52 women suspected of having placenta accreta underwent ultrasound and placental magnetic resonance imaging evaluations at these centers between May 2003 and October 2006. Findings and management were recorded.

Results

The use of the 2 imaging technologies was similar in France and Argentina and conservative surgical treatment was predominant in both groups. The placenta was left in situ in 64.7% of cases at the French center whereas resection of the placenta and invaded area were performed in 91.4% of cases in Argentina.

Conclusion

The same diagnostic tools were used in the 2 groups, but there were differences in diagnostic accuracy and in the types of surgical procedures performed.
Comparing grades of urgency for classification of cesarean delivery
Authors: van Dillen Jeroen , Diesch Marijn , Schutte Joke , Zwart Joost , Wolterbeek Ron , van Roosmalen Jos
Published: May 2009

Objective

To evaluate the agreement between the traditional binary system and a new system for classifying urgency of cesarean delivery among obstetricians in The Netherlands and Belgium.

Methods

A total of 212 obstetricians were requested to grade a list of 18 obstetric scenarios using 3 classification systems: traditional binary classification; a new classification using 4 grades of urgency without additional interpretation; and the new classification with additional interpretation. Agreement was assessed by weighted kappa.

Results

Seventy‐nine obstetricians responded (The Netherlands 62.2%, Belgium 9.9%). There was substantial agreement among them for all 3 classification systems (κ= 0.71, traditional classification;κ= 0.70, new classification;κ= 0.67, new classification with additional interpretation).

Conclusion

The traditional binary system and the new classification of cesarean delivery based on 4 grades of urgency, with and without additional interpretation, have similar but relatively low interobserver agreement. We suggest that the new classification should be used, but future studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of this implementation.
The Process of Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Lloret Albert
Published: May 2009

Evidence-based medicine is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients.
Feline Calicivirus Infection: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Radford Alan D , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: May 2009

Overview Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly variable virus. More severe, systemic forms of FCV infection have been observed recently.

Infection Sick, acutely infected or carrier cats shed FCV in oronasal and conjunctival secretions. Infection occurs mainly through direct contact.

Disease signs The main clinical signs are oral ulcers, upper respiratory signs and a high fever. Feline calicivirus may be isolated from nearly all cats with chronic stomatitis or gingivitis. Cats with ‘virulent systemic FCV disease’ variably show pyrexia, cutaneous oedema, ulcerative lesions on the head and limbs, and jaundice. Mortality is high and the disease is more severe in adult cats.

Diagnosis Diagnosis of FCV can be achieved by virus isolation or reverse-transcriptase PCR. Viral RNA can be detected in conjunctival and oral swabs, blood, skin scrapings or lung tissue using PCR. Positive PCR results should be interpreted with caution, as these may be a consequence of low-level shedding by persistently infected carriers. The diagnosis of virulent systemic FCV disease relies on clinical signs and isolation of the same strain from the blood of several diseased cats.

Disease management Supportive therapy (including fluid therapy) and good nursing care are essential. Anorexic cats should be fed highly palatable, blended or warmed food. Mucolytic drugs (eg, bromhexine) or nebulisation with saline may offer relief. Broad-spectrum antibiotics may be administered to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Feline calicivirus can persist in the environment for about 1 month and is resistant to many common disinfectants.
Feline Rabies: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Frymus Tadeusz , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: May 2009

Overview Rabies virus belongs to the genus Lyssavirus, together with European bat lyssaviruses 1 and 2. In clinical practice, rabies virus is easily inactivated by detergent-based disinfectants.

Infection Rabid animals are the only source of infection. Virus is shed in the saliva some days before the onset of clinical signs and transmitted through a bite or a scratch to the skin or mucous membranes. The average incubation period in cats is 2 months, but may vary from 2 weeks to several months, or even years.

Disease signs Any unexplained aggressive behaviour or sudden behavioural change in cats must be considered suspicious. Two disease manifestations have been identified in cats: the furious and the dumb form. Death occurs after a clinical course of 1–10 days.

Diagnosis A definitive rabies diagnosis is obtained by post-mortem laboratory investigation. However, serological tests are used for post-vaccinal control, especially in the context of international movements.

Disease management Post-exposure vaccination of cats depends on the national public health regulations, and is forbidden in many countries.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: May 2009

Overview Feline Coronavirus infection is ubiquitous in domestic cats, and is particularly common where conditions are crowded. While most FCoV-infected cats are healthy or display only a mild enteritis, some go on to develop feline infectious peritonitis, a disease that is especially common in young cats and multi-cat environments. Up to 12% of FCoV-infected cats may succumb to FIP, with stress predisposing to the development of disease.

Disease signs The ‘wet’ or effusive form, characterised by polyserositis (abdominal and/or thoracic effusion) and vasculitis, and the ‘dry’ or non-effusive form (pyogranulomatous lesions in organs) reflect clinical extremes of a continuum. The clinical picture of FIP is highly variable, depending on the distribution of the vasculitis and pyogranulomatous lesions. Fever refractory to antibiotics, lethargy, anorexia and weight loss are common non-specific signs. Ascites is the most obvious manifestation of the effusive form.

Diagnosis The aetiological diagnosis of FIP ante-mortem may be difficult, if not impossible. The background of the cat, its history, the clinical signs, laboratory changes, antibody titres and effusion analysis should all be used to help in decisionmaking about further diagnostic procedures. At the time of writing, there is no non-invasive confirmatory test available for cats without effusion.

Disease management In most cases FIP is fatal. Supportive treatment is aimed at suppressing the inflammatory and detrimental immune response. However, there are no controlled studies to prove any beneficial effect of corticosteroids.
Bordetella Bronchiseptica Infection in Cats: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Egberink Herman , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: May 2009

OverviewBordetella bronchiseptica is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonises the respiratory tract of mammals and is considered to be a primary pathogen of domestic cats. It is sensible to consider B bronchiseptica as a rare cause of zoonotic infections. The bacterium is susceptible to common disinfectants.

Infection The bacterium is shed in oral and nasal secretions of infected cats. Dogs with respiratory disease are an infection risk for cats. The microorganism colonises the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract of the host, establishing chronic infections.

Disease signs A wide range of respiratory signs has been associated with B bronchiseptica infection, from a mild illness with fever, coughing, sneezing, ocular discharge and lymphadenopathy to severe pneumonia with dyspnoea, cyanosis and death.

Diagnosis Bacterial culture and PCR lack sensitivity. Samples for isolation can be obtained from the oropharynx (swabs) or via transtracheal wash/bronchoalveolar lavage.

Disease management Antibacterial therapy is indicated, even if the signs are mild. Where sensitivity data are unavailable, tetracyclines are recommended. Doxycycline is the antimicrobial of choice. Cats with severe B bronchiseptica infection require supportive therapy and intensive nursing care.
H5N1 Avian Influenza in Cats: ABCD Guidelines on Prevention and Management
Authors: Thiry Etienne , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: May 2009

Overview Avian influenza is a disease of birds, caused by a type A influenza virus. The subtype H5N1 avian influenza occurs primarily in birds and infection varies from mild disease with little or no mortality to a highly fatal, rapidly spreading epidemic (highly pathogenic avian influenza). It is extremely rare for cats to be infected and there are only very few confirmed reports of the disease in cats in Europe.

Infection Cats can be infected via the respiratory and oral routes (eg, by eating infected birds). The key precondition for infection is that the cat lives in an area where H5N1 virus infection has been confirmed in birds. Additionally, the cat should have had outdoor access to an environment where waterfowl is present, or contact with poultry or uncooked poultry meat, or close contact with an H5N1 -infected, sick cat during the first week of infection.

Clinical suspicion Clinical signs in cats may include fever, lethargy, dyspnoea, conjunctivitis and rapid death. Neurological signs (circling, ataxia) have also been recorded.

Diagnosis The veterinary authorities should be notified. Oropharyngeal, nasal and/or rectal swabs or faecal samples of suspected cases should be submitted for PCR and/or virus isolation. Post-mortem samples of lung and mediastinal lymph nodes should be obtained. Particular care should be taken when handling the cat and/or samples.

Disease management The virus is sensitive to all standard medical disinfectants. Cats with suspected H5N1 infection should be kept in strict isolation. Owners should be advised to confine the cat to a separate room prior to bringing it to the veterinary clinic.
Current Best Evidence Translated into Current Best Advice
Authors: Horzinek Marian
Published: May 2009

There is no substitute for scientifically tested and proven standards of care … Doing things one's ‘own way’ is unethical.
“Unashamed of the Gospel”: Johann Hinrich Wichern and the Battle for the Soul of Prussian Prisons
Authors: Wu Albert
Published: May 2009

On August 23, 1859, a death occurred in the prison at Moabit, a largely working-class neighborhood in Berlin that housed the largest penitentiary of its time. An inmate named Jacobi attacked and wounded a fellow inmate, forcing the prison warden, Kügler, and the prison supervisor, Brother Anton, to intervene. When Jacobi showed no signs of calming down, Kügler and Anton tried to force Jacobi into a straitjacket. During the struggle, Kügler shot and killed the inmate.
An Egyptian in China: Ahmed Fahmy and the Making of “World Christianities”
Authors: Sharkey Heather J.
Published: May 2009

Ahmed Fahmy, who was born in Alexandria, Egypt, in 1861 and died in Golders Green, London, in 1933, was the most celebrated convert from Islam to Christianity in the history of the American Presbyterian mission in Egypt. American Presbyterians had started work in Egypt in 1854 and soon developed the largest Protestant mission in the country. They opened schools, hospitals, and orphanages; sponsored the development of Arabic Christian publishing and Bible distribution; and with local Egyptians organized evangelical work in towns and villages from Alexandria to Aswan. In an age when Anglo-American Protestant missions were expanding across the globe, they conceived of their mission as a universal one and sought to draw Copts and Muslims alike toward their reformed (that is, Protestant) creed. In the long run, American efforts led to the creation of an Egyptian Evangelical church (Kanisa injiliyya misriyya) even while stimulating a kind of “counter-reformation” within Coptic Orthodoxy along with new forms of social outreach among Muslim activists and nationalists.
Bergman-type operators in tubular domains over symmetric cones
Authors: Sehba Benoit F.
Published: May 2009

We study the boundedness properties of Rudin–Forelli-type operators associated to tubular domains over symmetric cones. As an application, we give a characterization of the topological dual space of the weighted Bergman space $\smash{A_{\nu}^{p,q}}$.
Equivalent weights and standard homomorphisms for convolution algebras on ℝ+
Authors: Grabiner Sandy
Published: May 2009

We take a second look at two basic topics in the study of weighted convolution algebras L1(ω) on ℝ+. An early result showed that one could replace the weight $\omega$ with a very well-behaved weight without changing the space L1(ω) as long as L1(ω) was an algebraffi We prove the analogous result for measure algebras when M(ω) is an algebraffi This allows us to preserve not only the norm topology but also the relative weak* topology on L1(ω). A homomorphism between weighted convolution algebras is said to be standard if it preserves generators of dense principal ideals. The original proofs of standardness and its variants are all based on finding the generator of a particular strongly continuous convolution semigroup. In this paper we give much simpler direct proofs of these results. We also improve the statement and proof of the theorem, giving useful properties equivalent to the standardness of a homomorphism.
Characterizing warped-product Lagrangian immersions in complex projective space
Authors: Bolton J. , Montealegre C. Rodriguez , Vrancken L.
Published: May 2009

Starting from two Lagrangian immersions and a horizontal curve in S3(1), it is possible to construct a new Lagrangian immersion, which we call a warped-product Lagrangian immersion. In this paper, we find two characterizations of warped-product Lagrangian immersions. We also investigate Lagrangian submanifolds which attain at every point equality in the improved version of Chen's inequality for Lagrangian submanifolds of ℂPn(4) as discovered by Opreaffi We show that, for n≥4, an n-dimensional Lagrangian submanifold in ℂPn(4) for which equality is attained at all points is necessarily minimal.
Slicing surfaces and the Fourier restriction conjecture
Authors: Nicola Fabio
Published: May 2009

We deal with the restriction phenomenon for the Fourier transform. We prove that each of the restriction conjectures for the sphere, the paraboloid and the elliptic hyperboloid in ℝn implies that for the cone in ℝn+1. We also prove a new restriction estimate for any surface in ℝ3 locally isometric to the plane and of finite type.
Amenability of ultrapowers of Banach algebras
Authors: Daws Matthew
Published: May 2009

We study when certain properties of Banach algebras are stable under ultrapower constructions. In particular, we consider when every ultrapower of $\mathcal{A}$ is Arens regular, and give some evidence that this is so if and only if $\mathcal{A}$ is isomorphic to a closed subalgebra of operators on a super-reflexive Banach space. We show that such ideas are closely related to whether one can sensibly define an ultrapower of a dual Banach algebraffi We study how tensor products of ultrapowers behave, and apply this to study the question of when every ultrapower of $\mathcal{A}$ is amenable. We provide an abstract characterization in terms of something like an approximate diagonal, and consider when every ultrapower of a C*-algebra, or a group L1-convolution algebra, is amenable.
Manuscripts Cited by Stephanus
Authors: Elliott J. K.
Published: May 2009

The third edition of Stephanus' Greek New Testament (ΤΗC ΚΑΙΝΗC ΔΙΑΘΗΚΗC ΑΠΑΝΤΑ: Paris, 1550), known as theeditio regia, is held in high regard in English Protestantism. It was this text which underlay the English translation (by W. Whittingham and others) published in Geneva in 1557 that greatly influenced the Geneva Bible published three years later. In effect, Stephanus' edition was theTextus Receptusof the Greek New Testament for over three hundred years.
Too Good to be True?
Authors: Jaffa Harry V.
Published: May 2009

I am indebted to Professor Kraynak for the generous things he says about my career as teacher and scholar. I have had vague hopes for some such recognition in a distant future, but not in my lifetime. Leo Strauss, who had virtually no recognition in his lifetime except from the circle he created around himself, is having a veritable renaissance, some thirty or more years after his death. I believe that, in the last several years, there may have been more new books about Strauss than about Lincoln (the most written about of all time!).
Rousseau and the Problem of Self-Knowledge
Authors: Storey Benjamin
Published: May 2009

From the beginning of his career in theFirst Discourseto its end in theReveries of the Solitary Walker, Rousseau makes clear that the problem of self-knowledge is a central problem—perhapsthecentral problem—that his thought seeks to address. This essay studies Rousseau's thought in the light of that problem. I argue that attention to the problem of self-knowledge is essential to understanding the rank order of Rousseau's five major human types—the citizen, natural man, the bourgeois, Emile, and Jean-Jacques. I further argue that self-knowledge remains stubbornly problematic even for Rousseau's most exemplary figures—the solitary walker of theReveriesand Emile. The persistence of the problem of self-knowledge in Rousseau's thought makes it clear that he was more concerned with presenting a comprehensive depiction of human problems than he was with teaching us how to solve them.
For and Against Ownership: William Godwin's Theory of Property
Authors: Lamb Robert
Published: May 2009

This article offers an interpretation of British philosopher William Godwin's theory of property ownership, as outlined in hisEnquiry Concerning Political Justice. Godwin's work can be read as presenting an incoherent account of property rights, which, on the one hand, justifies its existence on seemingly utilitarian grounds while, on the other, impugns its legitimacy on egalitarian grounds. But the contradiction apparent in Godwin's position is actually illusory and can in fact be plausibly interpreted as comprising a coherent two-level understanding of political morality, wherein the right to own private property is best comprehended as a “right to do wrong.”
The Islamization of Central Asia in the Sāmānid era and the reshaping of the Muslim world
Authors: Tor D. G.
Published: May 2009

The Sāmānid-era drive to Islamize Central Asia led not only to increased Islamic influence within the steppes, but, concomitantly, to the transformation of internal Muslim political life. Developments within the Muslim oecumene that were shaped or influenced by thisDrang nach Ostenrange from the legitimizing of the political fragmentation of the Persianate Dynastic period to changes in Muslim military culture and practice, the successful religious conversion of the Turkic steppe; and growing Turkic influence inside the Sāmānid realms, culminating not only in the downfall of the Sāmānids, but in the end of the era of Iranian political and military dominance and the beginning of a millennium of Turkic political hegemony.
Effect of caring for an older person on women's lifetime participation in work
Authors: MASUY AMANDINE JASMINE
Published: May 2009

This paper examines the relationship between informal care and ending paid work for working women of three age groups (up to 30, 31–49 and 50 or more years) in 1995 in Belgium. It explores the effect of being a carer for older adults on the probability of ceasing to work. Most particularly, it focuses on the effect of the care intensity in the different age groups. The analyses use data from theEuropean Community Household Panel(ECHP). A sample of 24,592 working women living in 11 European countries was followed from 1995 to 2001. Multivariate analyses for the entire sample show that the simple fact of caring or not did not influence the probability of ceasing work, but that providing light care had a negative effect, suggesting the presence of a respite effect. As for the effects specific to each age group, caring did not have any effect for women aged 31 to 49 years, but for the other two age groups, women who provided light care were less likely to cease work than those not caring for an older person. In contrast, providing heavy care increased the probability of ceasing work, but only for those aged 50 or more years. The findings suggest that studies of and policies related to informal care and its consequences should give more attention to age group differences.