bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parents' Perceived Behavior Problems in the Persons With Mental Retardation: An Analysis for Parents' Need
Authors: Jalan Rekha Kumari , Adhikari Jyoti , Belbase Mohan , Khan Tanveer Ahmad , Gupta Veena , Sinha Uday K.
Published: January 2017

Background: Mental retardation is a commonly diagnosed developmental problem among psychiatric disorders. Parents frequently report behavior problem in their children with mental retardation and seek help.Aim: Aim of this study is to analyze the behavior problems and their relation with severity, age and sex in the people with mental retardation.Methods: The study included seventy cases of mental retardation with reported behavior problems coming to the Clinical Psychology unit of Nepalgunj Medical College, from March 2013 to February, 2015. The parents' interviewed with regard to behavioral problems in their children of mental retardation was analyzed in twelve areas in terms of severity, age and sex.Results: Disobedience predominates in mild form (22.73%) and in moderate (19.15%), in severe category physical harm towards others (16.67%) and odd behavior in both severe (16.67%) and profound (20.00%) cases of mental retardation. In terms of sex, disobedience predominates in the males (17.70%) and physical harm towards others (17.86%) in females. Disobedience (14.71%) and repetitive behavior (14.71%) are prominent up to six years of age, physical harm towards others (18.46%) in age group 6-12 years, and disobedience (21.43%) predominates between age 12 to 18 years and also above 18 years.Discussion: Our finding are similar with various other studies, except self injurious behavior is more in mild to moderate group of cases than in severe or profound group.Conclusion: Parents predominantly seek help for managing problems of disobedience followed by physical harm towards others and odd behaviors.Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College Vol.13(1) 2015: 8-12
Trends Over Two Decades of Transportation Research
Authors: Boyer Ryan C. , Scherer William T. , Smith Michael C.
Published: January 2017

This paper expands on previous work that used topic models to characterize transportation research as evidenced by TRB annual meeting papers. This paper advances the previous work by identifying trends over a longer period, exploring the papers in greater depth, and offering a more comprehensive analysis. Almost two decades (1998–2016) of papers were used in the topic model presented here, which identified the themes of the TRB papers and then sorted the documents by these themes. Because the number of accepted papers has increased, most areas of research have also increased in volume over the past 19 years. However, the topic model suggests that transportation research is becoming more holistic and more global. Research on energy and fuel; alternative transportation modes such as carsharing, bicycles, and buses; accessibility and health; and mobile technology is growing much faster than the increase in accepted papers. Additionally, TRB has accepted more papers from international sources, with many papers coming from China. Research on construction and infrastructure, particularly pavements, bridges, pipes, signs and markings, and barriers and guardrails, has increased but is now a smaller proportion of the body of papers accepted by TRB. This change may be attributable to the high cost of the research laboratories and facilities needed to carry out infrastructure research compared with costs for supporting research in some of the rapidly growing research fields that are more information intensive.
Use of the TRB Research Needs Statements Database in an Introductory Transportation Course
Authors: Pyrialakou V. Dimitra , Diefes-Dux Heidi A. , Gkritza Konstantina
Published: January 2017

The literature recognizes that the initial stages of a research project, including identifying and selecting a research topic, are the most challenging steps of project development for college students in the United States. Nevertheless, very limited literature exists on topic identification and selection, especially for undergraduate studies. TRB has built and maintains an extensive research needs statements (RNS) database. There is great potential for using this database as a tool to assist undergraduate and graduate students in transportation-related disciplines in selecting a research topic. This paper presents a case for using the RNS database for topic identification and selection in an introductory transportation engineering course for undergraduates at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. The students used the RNS database for the term design project. Data were collected through a survey distributed at the end of the course that aimed to solicit students’ feedback on their experiences using the database. The responses to the survey, along with other relevant information, were analyzed to explore the benefits of using the RNS database in a course. The findings of this study suggest that the students had a positive perception of the database. Both the instructor and the students found many benefits of using the database for finding topics for term projects. This paper provides recommendations based on the students’ feedback, the instructor’s experience, and the study findings. These recommendations should be considered by instructors who decide to use the RNS database for educational purposes, as well as by TRB staff tasked with maintaining the database.
Characterizations of damage-induced magnetization for X80 pipeline steel by metal magnetic memory testing
Authors: Li Yunfei , Zeng Xiangguo , Wei Liming , Wan Qiang
Published: January 2017

Metal magnetic memory (MMM) technique can be potentially applied to evaluate early damage of ferromagnetic materials nondestructively due to its high sensitivity to stress-strain state. An experimental investigation of the characterizations of mechanical damage-induced magnetization in X80 pipeline steel specimens has been undertaken. Different degrees of plastic deformation are introduced into specimens with different initial discontinuities. The surface strain distribution and metal magnetic memory signal in specimens are measured during and after tensile testing. The experimental results indicate that, at first the magnetization direction of material depends on the loading direction and the distribution pattern of magnetization reflects the existence of stress concentration. Second, the correlation between peak-valley amplitude of memory signal B_Z and maximum plastic deformation follows a similar formula proposed in this paper, which is independent of specimen type. The results of present work could potentially be used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of stress concentration of X80 pipeline steel components.
Clinical outcome of metformin treatment in patients of acanthosis nigricans with insulin resistance
Authors: Akter Tahmina , Bin Zaid Md. Reza , Rahman Zeenat Farzana , Sayeed M. Abu
Published: January 2017

Background: Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is known to be associated with obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and other systemic morbid conditions. Proper treatment modalities of AN has not been established yet. Metformin may have some therapeutic effects on AN by reducing IR. Objective of the study was to examine the effect of metformin on AN in insulin resistant cases.Methodology and Results: This prospective, controlled trial was conducted in Dermatology OPD of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka from September 2012 to August 2013. All the participants of the study had clinical presentation of AN on different anatomic locations such as neck, axilla, elbow, knuckle and knee and biochemical evidence of IR. Participants were of either sex with age ranging from 18 to 80 years. Any case who had contraindications to metformin therapy were excluded. Severity of AN was examined and assessed by a quantitative scale for measuring acanthosis nigricans. After detecting IR by Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), cases and controls were selected by random sampling method. Randomization was done for metformin in ratio of 2:1. Every third patient was a control. Forty study participants were assigned to receive tablet metformin 500mg thrice daily after meal for three months and twenty control participants were continued on their existing therapy. To maintain a static metabolic status, patients were allowed to remain with their previous diet and lifestyle habit. After 3 months of metformin therapy, improvement was assessed and was compared with control group.Mean age of the participants in case of male: 19.75±2.36 and in case of female: 26.58±9.38, M:F= 1:14, BMI of male: 32.15±4.15 and female: 33.18± 8.05. Mean baseline neck severity score of AN: 3.57 ± 0.78 and after metformin therapy: 2.65 ± 1.02, t-test value: 4.53. Baseline neck texture score of AN: 1.87±0.80, after metformin therapy: 1.25 ± 0.86, ttest value: 3.30. Baseline AN on axilla: 3.05 ± 0.94, after metformin therapy: 2.10 ± 0.98, ttest value: 4.56. Significant improvement of AN was observed clinically on neck and axilla (P<0.005) when compared with control. However, in case of AN on knuckle, elbow and knee, improvement rates were not statistically significant. No side-effect except nausea in 4 patients was reported during study period.Conclusion: Metformin therapy for AN with IR had a significant beneficial effect clinically and was safe and well-tolerated. The effect was more pronounced in neck and axilla.IMC J Med Sci 2016; 10(1): 18-23
Human papillomavirus infection among Bangladeshi women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and chronic cervicitis
Authors: Khandker Elisha , Khan Mansura , Chowdhury Ahesh Kumar
Published: January 2017

Background and objectives: Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer. The objective of the present study was to determine the rate of HPV infection among the Bangladeshi women with different grades of CIN and cancer.Methods: Women aged 20 to 55 years, diagnosed as a case of chronic cervicits, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or invasive cancer by Papanicolaou (Pap) smear and colposcopy directed biopsy were enrolled in the study. High and intermediate risk oncogenic HPV were detected in cervical samples by real time PCR (rt-PCR).Results: Seventy two women with chronic cervicitis and different grades of CIN were included in the study. Out of 72 cases, 28 (38.9%) and 44 (61.1%) had chronic cervicitis and CIN respectively. Overall, the HPV infection rate was 43.1% (95% CI= 32%-54%) among the study population. CIN cases had significantly high (p<0.01) HPV infection (78.6%; 95% CI=60%-89%) compared to cases with chronic cervicitis (18.2%; 95% CI=11.1%-34.5%). Women between the age of 20-30 years had the highest positive rate (50.0%) followed by 31- 40 years age group (43.6%). All CIN grade 2 and 3 had HPV infection.Conclusion: The study showed that HPV was strongly associated with different grades of CIN. Specific HPV types should be determined to find out the most prevalent HPV types among the Bangladeshi women with CIN and cervical cancers.IMC J Med Sci 2016; 10(1): 29-32
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1  a case report from Bangladesh
Authors: Haq Tahniyah , Rahman Anisur , Ikhtaire Shapur
Published: January 2017

We describe a case of a 26 years old man who presented with adrenocortical insufficiency followed by hypoparathyroidism and subsequently mucocutaneous candidiasis. He also had nail dystrophy, cataract and alopecia, but no other endocrinopathies. He was diagnosed as a case of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1(APS 1). APS1 is a rare endocrine disorder and only a few cases have been reported from Bangladesh.
Detection of human papillomavirus by hybrid capture and real time PCR methods in patients with chronic cervicitis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Khandker Elisha
Published: January 2017

Background and objectives: Cervical cancer due to Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in women. Testing of HPV can identify women who are at risk of cervical cancer. Nowadays, molecular methods like real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and hybrid capture technique are applied for detecting HPV in cervical specimens. The objective of the present study was to determine the rate of HPV infection in women with chronic cervicitis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) by a commercial real time polymerase chain reaction test kit and by a hybrid capture HPV DNA test.Methods: Women aged between 20 to 55 years with chronic cervicitis and CIN were enrolled in the study after obtaining informed consent. Cervical specimen was collected by using cervical brush and stored in transport medium until used. HPV was detected by High Risk Screen Real-TM Quant 2x (Sacace, Biotechnologies SrI, Italy) real time PCR kit (HR RT-PCR) and by Hybrid Capture-2 High-Risk HPV DNA (Hc-2; Digene Corporation, USA) test.Results: Total 72 women with chronic cervicitis and CIN of different grades were included in the study. Out of this, HPV infection detected by HR RT-PCR was 31 (43%) and by Hc-2 was 14 (19.4%). Both the tests were able to detect HPV infection in all the CIN 3 cases and in most of the CIN 2 cases. However, HR RT-PCR detected higher number of HPV in chronic cervicitis and CIN1 cases.Conclusion: The study has shown that HR RT-PCR and Hc-2 tests are equally effective in detecting HPV infection in patients with CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions. However, HR RT-PCR is more sensitive test for detecting HPV in chronic cervicitis and early CIN lesions and, therefore can be used in epidemiological study to detect presence of HPV in general population.IMC J Med Sci 2016; 10(2): 45-48
Media and Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Azad Khan Abul Kalam
Published: January 2017

Abstract not availableJ MEDICINE January 2017; 18 (1) : 1-2
Testosterone and Gonadotropins in Infertile Men with Sertoli Cell Only Syndrome from Gaza Strip
Authors: Yassin Maged M , Lubbad Abdel Monem H , Taha Ahmed Z , Laqqan Mohammed M , Jamiea Samar M Abu
Published: January 2017

Aim: To assess serum testosterone and gonadotropins in Sertoli cell only syndrome patients from Gaza Strip.Methods: Based on testicular biopsy, a cross section of 74 Sertoli cell only syndrome patients were enrolled in the study. Age matched 44 fertile men were served as controls. Patients and controls were questioned for their medical history. Blood samples were drawn and serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were computer analyzed using SPSS/PC, version 18.0.Results: Varicocele and hormonal problems were significantly more frequent among patients than controls (P<0.05). Serum testosterone was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (1.7±1.3 versus 5.0±2.2 ng/ml, P=0.000). In contrast, LH and FSH were significantly higher in patients than controls (12.8±9.7 and 20.8±14.8 mlU/ml versus 6.3±3.1 and 7.7±3.9 mlU/ml, P=0.000, respectively). Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients showed lower levels of testosterone compared to the normal reference value (0.9±0.5 and 0.5±0.4 ng/ml versus 2.0-7.0 ng/ml). Higher levels of LH and FSH were recorded in hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (24.5±2.6 and 37.4±6.7 mlU/ml) compared to the reference values of 2.0-13.0 and 2.5-10.0 mlU/ml, respectively whereas LH and FSH levels were lower in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (0.6±0.4 and 0.6±0.5 mlU/ml, respectively). In this context, all hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism patients showed abnormal levels of testosterone, LH and FSH.Conclusions: Abnormal levels of serum testosterone, LH and FSH, particularly in hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism were identified in infertile men with Sertoli cell only syndrome from Gaza Strip.J MEDICINE January 2017; 18 (1) : 21-26
Over prescription of Proton Pump Inhibitors on discharge of Medical Inpatients
Authors: Biswas Sarmistha , Sufian ABM Abu , Sarkar Prodip Kumar , Chowdhury Mostofa Kamal , Chowdhury Joybaer Anam , Bala Chandra Shekhar , Islam Md Rafiqul , Ahasan HAM Nazmul , Kashem MA
Published: January 2017

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the drugs used to treat and prevent acid peptic conditions. Their efficacy and safety profile has led to injudicious prescription of these drugs exposing patients to various potential risks and increased healthcare expenditure.Methodology: A retrospective observational study was done from 10th January to 24th January, 2015 in Medicine Indoor in a tertiary care hospital to determine the trend of prescribing PPIs on discharge of Medical inpatients.Result: We found 117 patients were discharged in the study period; 83 were male and 34 were female. Among them 102 (87.17%) were prescribed PPIs on their discharge. Mean age was 44.79 years. Among the study population only 29 patients (28.5%) truly needed PPIs during their discharge. The mean duration of prescribed PPIs was 28 days.Conclusion: Amore rational prescription of PPI during discharge will have better impact on patient safety and health care expenditure.J MEDICINE January 2017; 18 (1) : 27-29
Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Review on Clinical Consequences and Management Strategies
Authors: Akter Nazma , Qureshi Nazmul Kabir , Ferdous Hossain Shahid
Published: January 2017

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level with normal free thyroid hormone values. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism is 3 to 8 percent in the general population, and up to 15 to 18 percent in women who are older than 60 years. It is more common in women than men, and its prevalence increases with age. Of patients with SCH, 80% have a serum TSH of less than 10 mIU/L. Management strategies including screening and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism are still controversial. The strongest arguments for levothyroxine therapy are the high risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism. Initiating levothyroxine replacement therapy is recommended for all patients with a TSH greater than 10 mIU/L, even if the free thyroxine concentration is within normal laboratory range. However, treatment of patients with a serum TSH level between 5 and 10 mIU/L remains controversial. There was insufficient evidence for a clinically significant relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and adverse cardiac events or cardiac dysfunction. Conflicting results have been found on the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and cognitive impairment, depression and the risk of fractures. This narrative review aims to assess current evidence on the clinical aspects, as well as screening and treatment recommendations in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.J MEDICINE January 2017; 18 (1) : 30-36
Pyrazinamide Induced Parkinsonism
Authors: Shumy Farzana , Anam Ahmad Mursel , Chowdhury MA Jalil , Shazzad Md Nahiduzzamane
Published: January 2017

Parkinsonism refers to a syndrome characterized by the presence of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia. In addition there is loss of postural reflexes as well as freezing. Drugs rank the second in the causes of parkinsonism. As it is reversible, drug-induced parkinsonism (Rabbit syndrome) should be borne in mind and suspected in any patient receiving drug treatment. We report a case of drug induced parkinsonism, evidently due to pyrazinamide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to be reported in our country.J MEDICINE January 2017; 18 (1) : 42-43
Biomechanical evaluation of simulated feline patellar fracture repairs
Authors: Langley-Hobbs Sorrel , Tarlton John , Longley Mark
Published: January 2017

Objective: To investigate four techniques for stabilization of feline patellar fracture.

Methods: Feline cadaveric stifles with simulated patellar fracture were stabilized with one of four techniques: Group A - circumferential wire, group B - figure-of-eight wire, group C - combined figure-of-eight and circumferential wire, group D - pin and tension band wire. All repairs were subjected to a period of cyclic loading prior to load to failure testing. Experiments were recorded by video capture to determine load at failure and failure mode. Failure was defined as an opening of the fracture gap of 3 mm.

Results: Mean fracture gap opening (±SD) during peak loading after 1000 cycles was: group A with 1.66 mm (± 0.69), group B with 1.01 mm (± 0.45), group C with 0.81 mm (± 0.58), and group D with 0.65 mm (± 0.54). Groups C and D had significantly lower mean fracture gap opening after 1000 cycles when compared to group A (p <0.05). Mean loads (± SD) at failure were: group A with 171.4 N (± 62.2), group B with 208.7 N (± 20.7), group C with 288.2 N (± 62.5), and group D with 219.5 N (± 48.0). Group C had significantly higher mean load to failure than all other groups (p <0.05). There was no difference between other groups. In groups A, B and C the principle mode of failure was wire elongation and tearing of sutures through the retinaculae and periarticular soft tissues. In group D, the principle mode of failure was the pin pulling through the bone of the distal fragment.

Conclusions: Combined figure-of-eight and circumferential wires may be useful for treatment of transverse feline patellar fracture.
Ex vivo torsional properties of a 2.5 mm veterinary interlocking nail system in canine femurs
Authors: Macedo Aline , Runciman John , Gibson Tom , Minto Bruno , Moens Noel
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the torsional properties of the Targon® Vet Nail System (TVS) in small canine femurs and to compare these properties to those of the 2.4 mm LC-DCP® plates.

Methods: Thirty-six cadaveric femurs were allocated to three groups (n = 12). In all bones, points just distal to the lesser trochanter and just proximal to the fabellae were marked and a midshaft transverse osteotomy was performed. Group 1: bones were fixed with the 2.5 mm TVS with the bolts applied at the pre-identified marks. Group 2: A TVS system with 25% shorter inter-bolt distance was used. Group 3: A 7-hole 2.4 mm LCDCP® plates were applied. All constructs were tested non-destructively for 10 cycles, followed by an acute torsion to failure.

Results: Torque at yield was 0.806 ± 0.183 and 0.805 ± 0.093 Nm for groups 1 and 2 and 1.737 ± 0.461 Nm for group 3. Stiffness was 0.05 ± 0.01, 0.05 ± 0.007, and 0.14 ± 0.015 Nm/° for groups 1 to 3 respectively. Maximal angular displacement under cyclic loading was 16.6° ± 2.5°, 15.6° ± 2.1°, and 7.8° ± 1.06° respectively. There was no significant difference for any of the parameters between groups 1 and 2. Both torque at yield and stiffness were significantly greater between group 3 and groups 1 and 2.

Clinical significance: The TVS had approximately half the torsional strength and approximately 1/3 of the stiffness of the 2.4 mm bone plate. Slippage of the locking mechanism was probably the cause of the early failure. The system should be considered as a low-strength and low-stiffness system when compared to bone plates.
Electron energy relaxation under terahertz excitation in (Cd1−xZnx)3As2 Dirac semimetals
Authors: Galeeva Alexandra V , Krylov Ivan V , Drozdov Konstantin A , Knjazev Anatoly F , Kochura Alexey V , Kuzmenko Alexander P , Zakhvalinskii Vasily S , Danilov Sergey N , Ryabova Ludmila I , Khokhlov Dmitry R
Published: January 2017

We demonstrate that measurements of the photo-electromagnetic effect using terahertz laser radiation provide an argument for the existence of highly conductive surface electron states with a spin texture in Dirac semimetals (Cd1−xZnx)3As2. We performed a study on a range of (Cd1−xZnx)3As2 mixed crystals undergoing a transition from the Dirac semimetal phase with an inverse electron energy spectrum to trivial a semiconductor with a direct spectrum in the crystal bulk by varying the composition x. We show that for the Dirac semimetal phase, the photo-electromagnetic effect amplitude is defined by the number of incident radiation quanta, whereas for the trivial semiconductor phase, it depends on the laser pulse power, irrespective of wavelength. We assume that such behavior is attributed to a strong damping of the interelectron interaction in the Dirac semimetal phase compared to the trivial semiconductor, which may be due to the formation of surface electron states with a spin texture in Dirac semimetals.
Tunable plasmons in regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons with armchair and zigzag-shaped edges
Authors: Vacacela Gomez Cristian , Pisarra Michele , Gravina Mario , Sindona Antonello
Published: January 2017

Recent experimental evidence for and the theoretical confirmation of tunable edge plasmons and surface plasmons in graphene nanoribbons have opened up new opportunities to scrutinize the main geometric and conformation factors, which can be used to modulate these collective modes in the infrared-to-terahertz frequency band. Here, we show how the extrinsic plasmon structure of regular planar arrays of graphene nanoribbons, with perfectly symmetric edges, is influenced by the width, chirality and unit-cell length of each ribbon, as well as the in-plane vacuum distance between two contiguous ribbons. Our predictions, based on time-dependent density functional theory, in the random phase approximation, are expected to be of immediate help for measurements of plasmonic features in nanoscale architectures of nanoribbon devices.
STAR FORMATION IN THE CLUSTER MERGER DLSCL J0916.2+2953
Authors: Mansheim A. S. , Lemaux B. C. , Dawson W. A. , Lubin L. M. , Wittman D. , Schmidt S.
Published: January 2017

We investigate star formation in DLSCL J0916.2+2953, a dissociative merger of two clusters at z = 0.53 that has progressed

Gyr since the first pass-through. We attempt to reveal the effects a collision may have had on the evolution of the cluster galaxies by tracing their star formation history. We probe current and recent activity to identify a possible star formation event at the time of the merger, using EW(

), EW(

), and

measured from the composite spectra of 64 cluster and 153 coeval field galaxies. We supplement Keck DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph spectra with DLS and Hubble Space Telescope imaging, to determine the color, stellar mass, and morphology of each galaxy. We also conduct a comprehensive study of the populations in this complex structure. Spectral results indicate the average cluster and cluster red sequence galaxies experienced no enhanced star formation relative to the surrounding field during the merger, ruling out a predominantly merger-quenched population. We find that the average blue galaxy in the North cluster is currently active, and that the South cluster is currently post-starburst, having undergone a recent star formation event. Although the North activity could be latent or long-term merger effects, a young blue stellar population and irregular geometry suggest the cluster was still forming prior the collision. Even though the South activity coincides with the time of the merger, the blue early-type population could be a result of secular cluster processes. The evidence suggests that the dearth or surfeit of activity is indiscernible from normal cluster galaxy evolution.
GALAXY EVOLUTION AT HIGH REDSHIFT: OBSCURED STAR FORMATION, GRB RATES, COSMIC REIONIZATION, AND MISSING SATELLITES
Authors: Lapi A. , Mancuso C. , Celotti A. , Danese L.
Published: January 2017

We provide a holistic view of galaxy evolution at high redshifts z ≳ 4, which incorporates the constraints from various astrophysical/cosmological probes, including the estimate of the cosmic star formation rate (SFR) density from UV/IR surveys and long gamma-ray burst (GRBs) rates, the cosmic reionization history following the latest Planck measurements, and the missing satellites issue. We achieve this goal in a model-independent way by exploiting the SFR functions derived by Mancuso et al. on the basis of an educated extrapolation of the latest UV/far-IR data from HST/Herschel, and already tested against a number of independent observables. Our SFR functions integrated down to a UV magnitude limit M
UV ≲ −13 (or SFR limit around 10−2
M
⊙ yr−1) produce a cosmic SFR density in excellent agreement with recent determinations from IR surveys and, taking into account a metallicity ceiling Z ≲ Z
⊙/2, with the estimates from long GRB rates. They also yield a cosmic reionization history consistent with that implied by the recent measurements of the Planck mission of the electron scattering optical depth τ
es ≈ 0.058; remarkably, this result is obtained under a conceivable assumption regarding the average value f
esc ≈ 0.1 of the escape fraction for ionizing photons. We demonstrate via the abundance-matching technique that the above constraints concurrently imply galaxy formation becoming inefficient within dark matter halos of mass below a few 108
M
⊙; pleasingly, such a limit is also required so as not to run into the missing satellites issue. Finally, we predict a downturn of the Galaxy luminosity function faintward of M
UV ≲ −12, and stress that its detailed shape, to be plausibly probed in the near future by the JWST, will be extremely informative on the astrophysics of galaxy formation in small halos, or even on the microscopic nature of the dark matter.
HOW BRIGHT ARE PLANET-INDUCED SPIRAL ARMS IN SCATTERED LIGHT?
Authors: Dong Ruobing 董若冰 , Fung Jeffrey 馮澤之
Published: January 2017

Recently, high angular resolution imaging instruments such as SPHERE and GPI have discovered many spiral-arm-like features in near-infrared scattered-light images of protoplanetary disks. Theory and simulations have suggested that these arms are most likely excited by planets forming in the disks; however, a quantitative relation between the arm-to-disk brightness contrast and planet mass is still missing. Using 3D hydrodynamics and radiative transfer simulations, we examine the morphology and contrast of planet-induced arms in disks. We find a power-law relation for the face-on arm contrast (δ
max) as a function of planet mass (

) and disk aspect ratio (h/r):

. With current observational capabilities, at a 30 au separation, the minimum planet mass for driving detectable arms in a disk around a 1 Myr, 1

star at 140 pc at low inclinations is around Saturn mass. For planets more massive than Neptune masses, they typically drive multiple arms. Therefore, in observed disks with spirals, it is unlikely that each spiral arm originates from a different planet. We also find that only massive perturbers with at least multi-Jupiter masses are capable of driving bright arms with

as found in SAO 206462, MWC 758, and LkHα 330, and these arms do not follow linear wave propagation theory. Additionally, we find that the morphology and contrast of the primary and secondary arms are largely unaffected by a modest level of viscosity with

. Finally, the contrast of the arms in the SAO 206462 disk suggests that the perturber SAO 206462 b at ∼100 au is about

in mass.
SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC, COLD COLLAPSE: THE EXACT SOLUTIONS AND A COMPARISON WITH SELF-SIMILAR SOLUTIONS
Authors: Coughlin Eric R.
Published: January 2017

We present the exact solutions for the collapse of a spherically symmetric cold (i.e., pressureless) cloud under its own self-gravity, valid for arbitrary initial density profiles and not restricted to the realm of self-similarity. These solutions exhibit a number of remarkable features, including the self-consistent formation of and subsequent accretion onto a central point mass. A number of specific examples are provided, and we show that Penston’s solution of pressureless self-similar collapse is recovered for polytropic density profiles; importantly, however, we demonstrate that the time over which this solution holds is fleetingly short, implying that much of the collapse proceeds non-self-similarly. We show that our solutions can naturally incorporate turbulent pressure support, and we investigate the evolution of overdensities—potentially generated by such turbulence—as the collapse proceeds. Finally, we analyze the evolution of the angular velocity and magnetic fields in the limit that their dynamical influence is small, and we recover exact solutions for these quantities. Our results may provide important constraints on numerical models that attempt to elucidate the details of protostellar collapse when the initial conditions are far less idealized.
GEOMETRIC CORROBORATION OF THE EARLIEST LENSED GALAXY AT z ≃ 10.8 FROM ROBUST FREE-FORM MODELLING
Authors: Chan Brian M. Y. , Broadhurst Tom , Lim Jeremy , Diego Jose M. , Zitrin Adi , Coe Dan , Ford Holland C.
Published: January 2017

A multiply lensed galaxy, MACS0647-JD, with a probable photometric redshift of

is claimed to constitute one of the very earliest known galaxies, formed well before reionization was completed. However, spectral evidence that MACS0647-JD lies at high redshift has proven infeasible and so here we seek an independent-lensing-based “geometric redshift” derived from the angles between the three lensed images of MACS0647-JD, using our free-form mass model (WSLAP+) for the lensing cluster MACSJ0647.7+7015 (at z = 0.591). Our lens model uses the nine sets of multiple images, including those of MACS0647-JD, identified by the CLASH survey toward this cluster. We convincingly exclude the low-redshift regime of z < 3, for which convoluted critical curves are generated by our method, as the solution bends to accommodate the wide angles of MACS0647-JD for this low redshift. Instead, a best fit to all sets of lensed galaxy positions and redshifts provides a geometric redshift of

for MACS0647-JD, strongly supporting the higher photometric redshift solution. Importantly, we find a tight linear relation between the relative brightnesses of all nine sets of multiply lensed images and their relative magnifications as predicted by our model. This agreement provides a benchmark for the quality of the lens model, and establishes the robustness of our free-form lensing method for measuring model-independent geometric source distances and for deriving objective central cluster mass distributions. After correcting for its magnification the luminosity of MACS0647-JD remains relatively high at M
UV = −19.4, which is within a factor of a few in flux of some surprisingly luminous z ≃ 10–11 candidates discovered recently in Hubble blank field surveys.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E MICROBIOLÓGICA DE BROWNIE DE CHOCOLATE UTILIZANDO-SE INGREDIENTES DIETÉTICOS, LIGHT E NÃO DIETÉTICOS
Authors: Orsine Joice Vinhal Costa , Martins Lorena Fernandes , Lima Karine Kristie Borges
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo testar ingredientes dietéticos e não dietéticos em duas formulações diferentes de brownie de chocolate, analisando suas características microbiológicas e físico-químicas. Foram desenvolvidas duas formulações, uma padrão e a segunda a partir da substituição de ingredientes usuais por ingredientes diet ou light. Inicialmente foi aplicado um teste sensorial de simples diferença, com o objetivo de verificar se existe diferença perceptível entre as duas amostras. Foram utilizados 30 provadores não treinados, e não foi observada diferença significativa entre as amostras testadas. Foram ainda realizadas análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas nos brownies. Não foram detectadas a presença de E. coli, B. cereus, Estafilococcus coagulase positiva e Salmonella, além do que os  as boas praticas de higiene durante o preparo dos brownies foram efetivas pra evitar qualquer tipo de contaminação por bolores e leveduras e coliformes a 35ºC e 45ºC. Por meio das análises físico-químicas, observou-se que os brownies da formulação A (padrão) apresentaram maiores valores nos índices  carboidratos, açúcares totais e açúcar não redutores em sacarose, e menores teores de proteínas, sódio, colesterol e lipídeos que a formulação B (utilização de ingredientes diet e light). Dessa forma, não foi possível obter um brownie de chocolate na formulação B enquadrado como um alimento para fins especiais.
Michel Crozier et la revue Sociologie du travail
Authors: Rot Gwenaële , Borzeix Anni
Published: January 2017

Cet article vise à interroger les liens entre Michel Crozier, le fondateur d’un laboratoire qui a longtemps « fait école » (le Centre de sociologie des organisations – CSO), et la revue Sociologie du travail , qu’il a fondée en 1959 avec trois autres chercheurs (Jean-Daniel Reynaud, Alain Touraine, Jean-René Tréanton). À partir de l’exploitation d’un fonds inédit d’archives écrites et orales, nous montrons quel a été le rôle de Michel Crozier dans la création de cette revue et son orientation éditoriale. Nous avons cherché à identifier sa « marque » lorsqu’il était « aux commandes » mais aussi après son départ en 1966. Cependant chercher à caractériser les liens entre un chercheur et la tradition de recherche qu’il incarne dans la sociologie française, un laboratoire, et une revue sur une période longue relève de la gageure car le temps des hommes et celui de leur vie professionnelle n’est pas celui des organisations.
Les vertus silencieuses du management de la ligne 14
Authors: Dunant Mathieu
Published: January 2017

Pendant les grèves du métro parisien, les médias disent souvent que «  La ligne 14 n’est pas en grève, puisqu’elle est automatique  ! » La vraie raison n’est pas celle-là ! Elle tient aux valeurs discrètes du management mis en œuvre pour animer les 300 agents qui en assurent le bon fonctionnement.
Letter from the Managing Editor
Authors: Altarriba Josep Maria
Published: January 2017

Este nuevo número de Harvard Deusto Business Research reúne estudios e investigaciones sobre los procesos de planificación estratégica de sistemas portuarios, la generación de capacidades dinámicas a través de la homologación de proveedores, la implementación anticipada de las ayudas públicas a la solvencia bancaria y el impacto del nuevo paradigma tecnológico-social del Internet de las cosas.
Generation of dynamic capabilities through the qualification of suppliers: analysis of good practices
Authors: Fernández Valero Gonzalo , De Pablos Heredero Carmen , Blanco Callejo Miguel
Published: January 2017

The sustainable value system innovates with suppliers and the qualification of suppliers is a process that can warranty the firm’s efficiency. In this research a methodology to certify providers from the social responsibility according to a sustainable value system is provided. The putting into practice of the methodology implies entrepreneurial engagement. Bearing into mind that corporate sustainability requires of a business focus that creates value in the long term (Dow Jones Sustainability Index, 2014), firms must make the best of opportunities to manage suppliers in all concerning to the risks derived from the economic, environmental and social evolution.

In this article it is shown how different dynamic capabilities (detection, coordination, innovation, absorption, business intelligence, learning and communication) involved in the processes of the qualification of providers can improve the firm’s excellence and help them better managing the risks coming from suppliers.
Clinical Nursing Leadership Education in Long-Term Care: Intervention Design and Evaluation
Authors: Fiset Valerie , Luciani Tracy , Hurtubise Alyssa , Grant Theresa L.
Published: January 2017

The main objective of the current case study was to investigate the perceived leadership learning needs and feasibility of delivering leadership education to registered staff involved in direct care in long-term care (LTC) homes. The study was conducted in Ontario, Canada, and participants included RNs, registered practical nurses, and nursing administrators. Phase 1 bilingual web-based survey and bilingual focus group needs assessment data supported a preference for external training along with in-house mentoring to support sustainability. An intervention designed using insights gained from Phase 1 data was delivered via a 2-day, in-person workshop. Phases 2 and 3 evaluation survey data identified aspects of leadership training for LTC that require ongoing refinement. Findings suggest that communication skills and managing day-to-day nursing demands in the context of regulatory frameworks were areas of particular interest for leadership training in the LTC setting. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(4), 49–56.]
Is it My Job? The Role of RNs in the Assessment and Identification of Delirium in Hospitalized Older Adults: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Coyle Miriam Anne , Burns Pippa , Traynor Victoria
Published: January 2017

Delirium is characterized by acute and fluctuating cognitive decline, which is often missed in older adults who are assumed to be experiencing age-related changes or dementia. Delirium affects up to 50% of hospitalized older adults. The aim of the current study was to (a) explore current practices of RNs in assessing and identifying delirium in hospitalized older adults and (b) inform new educational initiatives. Qualitative methods were adopted using eight semi-structured group interviews with 24 RNs. Thematic analysis revealed a dichotomy in practice where RNs described delirium assessment and identification as (a)
It's Not My Job
, (b)
It is My Job
, and (c)
It's Complex
. The imperative to improve delirium assessment and identification to create safer and more caring health care environments means the current findings provide important evidence to build into practice and education strategies. The current authors have developed engaging educational interventions and begun implementation at the study site to develop delirium assessment and identification capacity, which moves clinicians beyond awareness and aims at practice adherence or the consistent application of evidence-based delirium assessment. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(4), 29–37.]
Enhancing the ADMIT Me Tool for Care Transitions for Individuals With Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Moore Janet R. , Sullivan Meghan M.
Published: January 2017

One of the goals of the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease is to ensure safe care transitions. To facilitate safe and effective transitions from home to hospital, the ADMIT (Alzheimer's, Dementia, Memory Impaired Transitions) Me tool was developed and three focus groups were conducted with caregivers (
n
= 6), emergency department nurses (
n
= 6), and first responders (
n
= 14) to determine its usefulness and applicability to practice. Feedback was used to enhance the tool to reflect their needs. Each group expressed that the tool would help promote safety in care transitions. Using ADMIT Me, nurses can practice with clear communication and collaboration in care transitions, and provide patient-centered care based on the behaviors and unique needs of the individual with dementia. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(5), 32–38.]
GIS-Based Logistic Regression for Landslide Susceptibility Analysis in Western Washington State
Authors: Dailey Lucas A. , Fuhrmann Sven
Published: January 2017

The Oso landslide, one of the most recent disasters, occurred on March 22nd, 2014 in western Washington State. It caused significant property damage and killed over 40 people. As a result, a renewed interest has emerged for creating more accurate landslide susceptibility maps for this region. Research addressing landslide susceptibility within the north Puget Sound region of western Washington is lacking; therefore, this study develops a probabilistic GIS-based landslide susceptibility model for the north Puget Sound region. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to create a landslide susceptibility map of Whatcom, Skagit, Snohomish, and King Counties. To predict probable areas of landslide occurrence, a landslide inventory map was prepared and fourteen topographic, geologic, environmental, and climatic predictor variables were considered. This research aims to assist in restructuring western Washington's landslide policies, and could serve as the first step in producing more accurate landslide susceptibility maps for the region.
Developers, Quality Control and Download Volume in Open Source Software (OSS) Projects
Authors: Hill Geoffrey , Datta Pratim , Vander Weerdt Candice
Published: January 2017

The open-source software (OSS) movement is often analogized as a commons, where products are developed by and consumed in an open community. However, does a larger commons automatically beget success or does the phenomenon fall prey to the tragedy of the commons? This research forwards and empirically investigates the curvilinear relationship between developers and OSS project quality and a project's download volume. Using segmented regression on over 12,000 SourceForge OSS projects, findings suggest an inflection point in the number of contributing developers on download volume – suggesting increasing and diminishing returns to scale from adding developers to OSS projects. Findings support the economic principle of the tragedy of the commons, a concept where an over-allocated (large number) of developers, even in an open-source environment, can lead to resource mismanagement and reduce the benefit of a public good, i.e. the OSS project.
Cutting Edge: NANOG Activates Autophagy under Hypoxic Stress by Binding to BNIP3L Promoter
Authors: Hasmim Meriem , Janji Bassam , Khaled Mehdi , Noman Muhammad Zaeem , Louache Fawzia , Bordereaux Didier , Abderamane Abdou , Baud Veronique , Mami-Chouaib Fathia , Chouaib Salem
Published: January 2017

Hypoxia upregulates the core pluripotency factors NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4, associated with tumor aggressiveness and resistance to conventional anticancer treatments. We have previously reported that hypoxia-induced NANOG contributed in vitro to tumor cell resistance to autologous-specific CTL and in vivo to the in situ recruitment of immune-suppressive cells. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying NANOG-mediated tumor cell resistance to specific lysis under hypoxia. We demonstrated the tumor-promoting effect of hypoxia on tumor initiation into immunodeficient mice using human non–small lung carcinoma cells. We next showed a link between NANOG and autophagy activation under hypoxia because inhibition of NANOG decreased autophagy in tumor cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays revealed a direct binding of NANOG to a transcriptionally active site in a BNIP3L enhancer sequence. These data establish a new link between the pluripotency factor NANOG and autophagy involved in resistance to CTL under hypoxia.
MAFB Determines Human Macrophage Anti-Inflammatory Polarization: Relevance for the Pathogenic Mechanisms Operating in Multicentric Carpotarsal Osteolysis
Authors: Cuevas Víctor D. , Anta Laura , Samaniego Rafael , Orta-Zavalza Emmanuel , Vladimir de la Rosa Juan , Baujat Geneviève , Domínguez-Soto Ángeles , Sánchez-Mateos Paloma , Escribese María M. , Castrillo Antonio , Cormier-Daire Valérie , Vega Miguel A. , Corbí Ángel L.
Published: January 2017

Macrophage phenotypic and functional heterogeneity derives from tissue-specific transcriptional signatures shaped by the local microenvironment. Most studies addressing the molecular basis for macrophage heterogeneity have focused on murine cells, whereas the factors controlling the functional specialization of human macrophages are less known. M-CSF drives the generation of human monocyte-derived macrophages with a potent anti-inflammatory activity upon stimulation. We now report that knockdown of MAFB impairs the acquisition of the anti-inflammatory profile of human macrophages, identify the MAFB-dependent gene signature in human macrophages and illustrate the coexpression of MAFB and MAFB-target genes in CD163+ tissue-resident and tumor-associated macrophages. The contribution of MAFB to the homeostatic/anti-inflammatory macrophage profile is further supported by the skewed polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages from multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #166300), a pathology caused by mutations in the MAFB gene. Our results demonstrate that MAFB critically determines the acquisition of the anti-inflammatory transcriptional and functional profiles of human macrophages.