bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of osteopenia and osteoporosis with higher rates of pseudarthrosis and revision surgery in adult patients undergoing single-level lumbar fusion
Authors: Khalid Syed I. , Nunna Ravi S. , Maasarani Samantha , Belmont Erika , Deme Palvasha , Chilakapati Sai , Eldridge Cody , Singh Ravinderjit , Bagley Carlos A. , Adogwa Owoicho
Published: August 2020

OBJECTIVE

Patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis who require surgery for symptomatic degenerative spondylolisthesis may have higher rates of postoperative pseudarthrosis and need for revision surgery than patients with normal bone mineral densities (BMDs). To this end, the authors compared rates of postoperative pseudarthrosis and need for revision surgery following single-level lumbar fusion in patients with normal BMD with those in patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis. The secondary outcome was to investigate the effects of pretreatment with medications that prevent bone loss (e.g., teriparatide, bisphosphonates, and denosumab) on these adverse outcomes in this patient cohort.

METHODS

Patients undergoing single-level lumbar fusion between 2007 and 2017 were identified. Based on 1:1 propensity matching for baseline demographic characteristics and comorbidities, 3 patient groups were created: osteopenia (n = 1723, 33.3%), osteoporosis (n = 1723, 33.3%), and normal BMD (n = 1723, 33.3%). The rates of postoperative pseudarthrosis and revision surgery were compared between groups.

RESULTS

The matched populations analyzed in this study included a total of 5169 patients in 3 groups balanced at baseline, with equal numbers (n = 1723, 33.3%) in each group: patients with a history of osteopenia, those with a history of osteoporosis, and a control group of patients with no history of osteopenia or osteoporosis and with normal BMD. A total of 597 complications were recorded within a 2-year follow-up period, with pseudarthrosis (n = 321, 6.2%) being slightly more common than revision surgery (n = 276, 5.3%). The odds of pseudarthrosis and revision surgery in patients with osteopenia were almost 2-fold (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.26–2.30) and 3-fold (OR 2.73, 95% CI 1.89–3.94) higher, respectively, than those in patients in the control group. Similarly, the odds of pseudarthrosis and revision surgery in patients with osteoporosis were almost 2-fold (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.43–2.59) and > 3-fold (OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.27–4.65) higher, respectively, than those in patients in the control group. Pretreatment with medications to prevent bone loss prior to surgery was associated with lower pseudarthrosis and revision surgery rates, although the differences did not reach statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS

Postoperative pseudarthrosis and revision surgery rates following single-level lumbar spinal fusion are significantly higher in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis than in patients with normal BMD. Pretreatment with medications to prevent bone loss prior to surgery decreased these complication rates, although the observed differences did not reach statistical significance.
The Role of the Placodes in the Development of the Glossopharyngeal, Vagal, and Trigeminal Ganglia
Authors: Som P.M.
Published: August 2020

The epibranchial placodes combine with the neural crest to form the inferior and superior ganglia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal cranial nerves, respectively. By comparison, the single trigeminal ganglion is composed of both neural crest and placodal cells. The steps that lead up
to these events include gastrulation and the embryology of the notochord, neural crest, and the placodes. Each of these steps is reviewed in some detail. In previous reviews in this series, the embryology related to the olfactory, otic, and lens placodes, and to the geniculate ganglia has
been discussed.1-3 However, the somewhat unusual embryology of the 2 ganglia of cranial nerves IX and X was only briefly mentioned as was the development of the trigeminal ganglion.4 This present review revisits these events and specifically focuses on how these ganglia
develop.Learning Objective: The reader will learn the unusual development of the superior and inferior glossopharyngeal and the vagal ganglia as well as review the varied steps in the embryology that proceeds these events. By comparison, the development of the single trigeminal ganglion
is presented and the differences in its development from that of the ganglia of cranial nerves IX and X are emphasized.
Intra-Aortic Time-Resolved Whole-Brain CT Angiographic Evaluation of an Arteriovenous Malformation
Authors: Tarabishy A.R. , Boo S. , Rai A.T.
Published: August 2020

This is the first documented case of time-resolved (4D) intra-aortic whole-brain CTA reported in the literature for a newly diagnosed AVM. This was performed simultaneously as part of a catheter cerebral angiography with both planar and CT imaging, in the hybrid interventional radiology/CT
suite. The described technique is unique in that intra-aortic injection of diluted contrast was utilized to obtain the time-resolved CTA image of the whole brain.
Looking for Brain Tissue in All the Wrong Places: A Rare Case of Middle Ear Neuroglial Heterotopia
Authors: Zlochower A.B. , Burns J.G. , Brook A.L. , Bello J.A. , Shifteh K.
Published: August 2020

Neuroglial heterotopia is a rare entity in which brain tissue is present in an ectopic location. We report a case of neuroglial heterotopia in the tympanic cavity. This entity may have an imaging appearance and clinical manifestation similar to those of a variety of benign and malignant
lesions of the tympanic cavity. Therefore, it is important for both clinicians and radiologists to consider this diagnosis when encountering a tympanic cavity lesion.
Suspected Central Nervous System Vasculitis in the Setting of Severe COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Watts J.T. , Gaddamanugu S.
Published: August 2020

The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sparked investigations of the manifestations of the disease across multiple organ systems. Recent, but limited, evidence supports the neurologic manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and associated
imaging findings such as FLAIR signal abnormality, infarction, and hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy. Recent evidence also supports clinical and pathologic findings of systemic vasculitis associated with COVID-19. We present what, to our knowledge, is the first reported case of suspected
CNS vasculitis associated with COVID-19.
IMPLEMENTASI PENERAPAN MODEL LATIHAN PROGRESIF PADA KLUB ATLETIK ADIOS UTP SURAKARTA
Authors: Gunadi Dwi , Kuncoro Bagus
Published: August 2020

Pembinaan prestasi atletik klub ADIOS UTP Surakartaadalahsalah satu tempat latihan para atlet atletik yang terdiri dari beberapa nomor lomba diantaranya jalan, lari lempar dan lompat.Dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini, berlangsung pada 6 Mei 2020 sampai 29 Mei 2020 dihadiri 17 peserta, 1 pelatih dan 1 asisten pelatih ADIOS UTP SURAKARTA. Kegitan berupa penyampaian materi dan praktek langsung implementasi model latihan progresif dalam menunjang prestasi atlet khusunya nomor lomba yang membutuhkan energi anaerob dan merancang program latihan pengembangan jangka menengah. Dalam menghasilkan kemampuan kondisi fisik dan teknik yang maksimal pada klub atletik ADIOS, peserta dibagi dalam 3 kelompok terdiri dari kelompok lari, lempar dan lompat. Setiap kelompok melakukan praktek langsung setelah diberikan penjelasan oleh tim pelaksana kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Hasil praktek setiap sesi pertemuan dilakukan pendampingan evaluasi secara biomekanika, sistem faal dan metodik latihan secara terstruktur. Dari hasil evaluasi diperoleh hasil dan manfaat dari kegiatan pengabdian ini diantaranya Implementasi model latihan progresif dalam menunjang prestasi atlet khusunya nomor lomba yang membutuhkan energi anaerob dapat dipahami atlet, asisten pelatih dan pelatih. Pelatih dan asisten pelatih mampu lebih mudah dalam membuat Program latihan pengembangan jangka menengah dalam menghasilkan kemampuan kondisi fisik dan teknik yang maksimal pada klub atletik ADIOS.
BUDIDAYA IKAN LELE SANGKURIANG DENGAN SISTEM BIOFLOK DI DESA JERUKLEUEUT KECAMATAN SINDANGWANGI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Authors: Gaffar Aden Arif , Rasyid Abdur , Suryaningsih Yeni
Published: August 2020

Komodias ikan air tawar seperti ikan lele salah satu permintaan pasar yang cukup ringgi. Budidaya ikan lele dilakukan di desa jerukleueut Sindangwangi Kabupaten Majalengka. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan produksi ikan lele dengan menggunakan sistem bioflok. Budidaya ikan lele dengan sistem bioflok merupakan salah satu sistem dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme didalmnya yang bermanfaat sebagai makan tambahan berupa gumpalan berbagai jenis organisme seperti jamur, bakteri, algae, protozoa, cacing, dan lain lain. Benih ikan lele dengan metode bioflok bobot awal rata-rata 3,29  gram  dan  panjang  7,3  cm dan setelah dipelihara 40 hari memiliki berat rata-rata 12,35 gram dan panjang rata-rata 13,1 cm.  Peningkatan berat yang dialami yaitu 9,06 gram dan peningkatan panjang 5,8 cm. Sementara itu, pada media tanpa bioflok, benih lele yang memiliki berat awal rata-rata 3,10 gram dan panjang 7,3 cm, setelah 40 hari terjadi peningkatan menjadi 9,75 gram dan  panjang 11,5 cm. Dengan demikian terjadi peningkatan berat mencapai 6,65 gram dan peningkatan panjang 4,2 cm.
LITERASI MEDIA ONLINE PADA SISWA MA AN-NAWAWIYAH MAJALENGKA
Authors: Nurhaipah Titih , Erdiyanti Yucky Putri
Published: August 2020

Mudahnya konsumsi informasi dalam dunia digital seperti saat ini, mengharuskan setiap individu memilah dan memilih informasi. Saat ini dunia tengah menghadapi permasalahan yang sama yaitu, gelombang hoax. Sehingga masyarakat harus melek informasi, melek teknologi dan melek media. Langkah pasti dan menjadi jalan utama untuk mengantisipasi hoax adalah membangun kompetensi publik dalam menghadapi luapan banjir informasi. Upaya membangun kompetensi publik dilakukan melalui literasi media. Upaya melakukan peningkatan literasi adalah melalui kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk diskusi dan pemberian pengetahuan yang diselenggarakan di MA An Nawawiyah Majalengka. Tujuan ini tentunya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi literasi media oleh generasi muda. Siswa MA An Nawawiyah sebagai sasaran dalam kegiatan pelatihan literasi ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan diskusi yang disertai latihan dan tanya jawab. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dengan memberikan pengetahuan yang disertai contoh-contoh kasus terkini dan pemaparan risiko penyebaran hoax. Hasil dari kegiatan ini diharapkan mampu menjadi model edukasi literasi media.
BIMBINGAN KONSELING KARIR UNTUK ANGGOTA KARANG TARUNA KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Authors: Putri Erdiyanti Yucky , Nurhaipah Titih
Published: August 2020

Tujuan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahunan dan arahan mengenai pilihan karir anggota karang taruna. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Aula Dinas Sosial Kabupaten Majalengka. Materi yang disampaikan pada pengarahan ini adalah tentang bimbingan konseling karir bagi anggota karang taruna. Jumlah peserta seminar sebanyak 91 peserta.

Orientasi layanan bimbingan konseling karir membantu masyarakat khususnya pemuda dan   pemudi   dalam   kehidupan   berkarir   atau   bekerja.   Bimbingan   konseling  karir merupakan     modal   landasan     konseptual     yang   dapat   dijadikan     mediator     guna memfasilitasi keberlangsungan masyarakat dalam berkarir atau bekerja sesuai dengan kompetensi yang dimilikinya. Pemuda pemudi yang tergabung dalam kegiatan karang taruna memiliki peran penting dalam memajukan daerah tempat tinggalnya. Pentingnya     peran konselor   dalam   memberikan   bimbingan   konseling   karir berlandaskan kegiatan karang taruna, disesuaikam dengan keadaan masyarakat atau pemuda pemudi yang memiliki cita- cita dan keinginan  untuk  maju  dalam berkarir ataupun  bekerja.  Konselor  harus mampu secara professional dalam memberikan bimbingan konseling karir kepada masyarakat berlandaskan kegiatan karang taruna di Kabupaten Majalengka. Luaran dari kegiatan ini berupa jurnal pengabdian dan publis di media cetak.
PELATIHAN MANAJEMEN KEUANGAN BAGI PELAKU UMKM SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGUATAN UMKM JABAR JUARA NAIK KELAS
Authors: Fauzi Haris
Published: August 2020

Manajemen adalah seperangkat kegiatan berupa perencanaan dan pengambilan keputusan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan dan pengendalian yang diarahkan kepada sumberdaya  organisasi  (manusia,  finansial,  peralatan  fisik  dan  informasi)  dengan tujuan untuk mencapai tujuan organisasi dengan cara berdaya guna dan berhasil guna (Stoner,  2009).  Fungsi-fungsi  manajemen  yang  harus  dilakukan  adalah  fungsi perencanaan, fungsi pengorganisasian, fungsi pengendalian serta fungsi pengawasan. Semua  fungsi  ini  harus dilakukan  agar perusahaan dapat  mengoptimalkan semua sumberdaya yang ada dalam perusahaan sehingga tujuan perusahaan dapat tercapai. Perspektif manajemen usaha kecil relatif sedikit berbeda dari manajemen usaha skala besar. Perbedaan yang dimaksud antara lain pada perusahaan besar dan mapan antar fungsi dan tugas manajer telah dipilah-pilah sedemikian rupa sesuai strategi dan struktur organisasi. Pada usaha  kecil dimana seluruh sumberdaya sangat terbatas, fungsi dan tugas seorang manager berbaur menjadi satu karena keterbatasan sumber daya. Manajer pada usaha kecil seringkali juga merupakan pendiri atau pemilik. Manajemen  keuangan  adalah  suatu  proses  dalam  pengaturan  aktivitas  atau kegiatan keuangan dalam suatu organisasi dimana di dalamnya termasuk kegiatan perencanaan, analisis dan pengendalian terhadap kegiatan keuangan (Brigham dan Houston, 2012). Manajemen keuangan dapat diartikan pula sebagai seluruh aktivitas atau kegiatan perusahaan yang berhubungan dengan upaya untuk mendapatkan dana perusahaan dengan meminimalkan biaya serta upaya penggunaan dan pengalokasian dana tersebut secara efesien dalam memaksimalkan nilai perusahaan. Fungsi utama dari manajamen keuangan adalah (1) kegiatan mencari dana (obtain of fund) yang ditujukan untuk keputusan investasi yang menghasilkan laba, dan (2) kegiatan menggunakan dana (allocation of fund); dan (3) kegiatan mendistrubusikan laba sebagai hasil kegiatan operasi. Agar dapat mengambil keputusan keuangan yang tepat maka seorang manajer keuangan wajib mengetahui tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Secara normatif tujuan keputusan keuangan perusahaan adalah memaksimalkan nilai perusahaan..  Tujuan  ini  identik  dengan  meminimalkan  biaya  modal  yang  harus dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan.
MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING UMKM DALAM MENYONGSONG AEROCITY DI DESA KERTAJATI KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA
Authors: Mulya Syamsul E , Mulyani Hani Sri
Published: August 2020

Kabupaten Majalengka merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang memiliki dinamika perubahan, peluang dan tantangan yang paling besar dimasa yang akan datang seiring dengan banyaknya program nasional yang ada dikawasan ini, seperti Bandara Internasional Jawa Barat (BIJB) dan kawasan aerocity, Bendungan Jatigede, Jalan tol Cisundawu dan lain sebagainya. Dinamika tersebut membutuhkan sentuhan program dan kebijakan agar masyarakat serta daerah menerima manfaat dari perubahan yang terjadi. Seringkali masyarakat setempat menjadi penonton atau malah jadi korban dari perubahan yang terjadi di wilayahnya. Oleh karena itu agar masyarakat lebih siap menghadapi perubahan tersebut, maka perlu adanya upaya yang nyata dalam meningkatkan kesiapan UMKM agar memiliki daya saing dan daya adaptasi dengan perubahan dan meningkatknya jumlah usaha baru seiring dengan masuknya arus Investasi ke Kabupaten Majalengka
PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER ANAK MELALUI PELATIHAN PARENTING DI DESA KAUMAN KECAMATAN SEDAYU KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Arsana I Wayan , Irnawati  , Suyono
Published: August 2020

Pembentukan karakter anak tidaklah lahir begitu saja, ada proses yang dilewatinya sehingga proses tersebut pun menjadi karakter yang melekat dalam diri seorang anak. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman, pendidikan dan mendeskripsikan pentingnya pembentukan karakter melalui pelatihan parenting  bagi  orang tua , dan masyarakat pada umumnya sekita desa Kuman Kecamatan Sedayu Kabupaten Gresik. Desain yang digunakan dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini menggunakan pretest posttest design. Pelaksanaan dalam kegiatan ini menggunakan metode pembelajaran Audio visual dan metode pembelajaran ceramah dan demostrasi. Jumlah peserta dalam kegiatan ini sebanyak 37 peserta. Sebelum dimulainya kegiatan, yang terdiri dari 3 sesi pelatihan, peserta terlebuh dahulu di berlakukan tes awal mengerjakan soal. Hal ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahuhi pengetahuan awal peserta tentang Parenting. Berdasarkan hasil dari rangkaian kegiatan dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa pemahaman peserta tentang parenting meningkat. Adapun nilai peningkatan tersebut dapat dilihat dari prosentase nilai pree test dan post test peserta yang mulanya nilai yang menjawab benar dari nilai pree test hanya 42 % dari seluruh peserta, menjadi nilai post test yang menjawab benar 88% dari semua peserta yang menjawab benar.
PEMBUATAN APLIKASI KEPENDUDUKAN DESA (SIDUKDes) DI DESA CIGALEUH KECAMATAN BANTARUJEG
Authors: Kholiq Abdul , Nurjamilah Lia Lailla , Sudirno Dadang
Published: August 2020

Instansi pemerintah pada tingkat yang paling bawah adalah Kantor Kepala Desa dimana merupakan suatu instansi yang melakukan pendataan penduduk terutama dalam proses pembuatan Surat Kelahiran, Surat Kematian , Surat Pendataan Penduduk, Surat Pindah, dan Kartu Keluarga (KK). Untuk dapat menciptakan kemudahan, keakuratan dan kecepatan dalam pendataan penduduk beserta laporannya kepada instansi yang lebih tinggi yaitu kecamatan, maka diperlukan sebuah sistem pendataan yang terkomputerisasi. Masalah-masalah yang sering ditangani dikantor kelurahan tentang kependudukan antara lain pendataan penduduk baru, penduduk yang mau pindah atau mutasi, kelahiran dan kematian. Dalam kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Majalengka  yang berlangsung di Desa Cigaleuh memiliki tujuan diantaranya; Perangkat desa dan seluruh jajarannya memahami akan pentingnya tertib administrasi dalam oirganisasi di desa Cigaleuh; Masyarakat memahami akan pentingnya  Informasi Online  di desa Cigaleuh; Terbantunya Perangkat desa soal Sistem Aplikasi Kependudukan Desa yang tadinya masih manual sekarang lebih simpel dengan Aplikasi (SIDUKDes).
Efficiency and productivity of Vietnamese pangasius processing and exporting firms
Authors: Duy Nguyễn Ngọc
Published: August 2020

This study aims to measure the efficiency and productivity of Vietnamese pangasius processing and exporting firms, using variables of assets and liabilities in 2009-2014. The results show that the average resource use efficiency of the firms in this period is about 67.7% with a constant returns-to-scale, 79.4% with a variable returns-to-scale, and a scale efficiency (SE) of 85.5%. Firms need to increase their efficiency by 14.5% to achieve the optimal SE. More than half of the firms have efficiency lower than the industry average, suggesting that they were wasting their asset and liability resources, especially the long-term debt. The improvement of technical efficiency and technological advancement on average help increase total factor productivity by 14.1%. About 40% of firms experienced a decline in average productivity and 60% experienced an increase. This research, therefore, recommends firms to use there resources economically or efficiently, especially the long-term debt. In addition, firms also need to improve their technology to boost productivity, thereby enhancing their competitiveness.
‘Seguindo!’ Marketing digital, Instagram e consumo
Authors: Silva Sabrina Maria Barbosa Quintiliano e , Cordeiro Adriana Tenório
Published: August 2020

Este estudo investiga o uso do Instagram como ferramenta mercadológica. Foi realizado survey online no perfil de uma empresa do ramo da moda para avaliar a percepção de 772 usuários acerca da influência desse perfil sobre suas decisões de compra. O Instagram como ferramenta do marketing digital exerce forte influência sobre a decisão de compra dos usuários, que são estimulados a consumirem produtos divulgados nas postagens, buscar produtos e seguir perfis para se atualizarem sobre produtos. Os resultados reafirmam a importância da presença ativa no ambiente digital para que empresas e marcas sejam vistas e lembradas.
Jovens empreendedores paraibanos e suas estratégias de sobrevivência
Authors: Borba Geise Kelly de Oliveira , Pellizzoni Lívia Nogueira
Published: August 2020

O empreendedorismo jovem apresenta-se como uma alternativa de inclusão no mercado de trabalho, sendo fator indispensável para a promoção do desenvolvimento socioeconômico brasileiro. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar as competências empreendedoras de jovens na cidade de Guarabira-PB, com base nas habilidades desenvolvidas e nas dificuldades enfrentadas por eles. Quanto à metodologia, tratou-se de pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório que adotou, como técnica de coleta de dados, a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os Por meio dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que os jovens que possuem habilidades pessoais são motivados a empreender por desejarem ser donos do próprio negócio como forma de complementação da renda, em função do desemprego enfrentado.
Relação entre clima organizacional e intenção de rotatividade em uma empresa do ramo restaurante em Foz do Iguaçu/PR
Authors: Oliveira Kélviny Inacio Carvalho de , Martins Vinicius Abilio
Published: August 2020

A rotatividade de pessoal é um dos elementos que gera custos para as organizações. É importante que os gestores estejam atentos aos aspectos que contribuem para este fenômeno. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a relação entre o clima organizacional e a intenção de rotatividade presentes em uma organização do ramo restaurante. Identificou-se clima organizacional neutro, baixo nível de intenção de saída e uma relação dos fatores da Escala de Clima Organizacional com a Escala de Intenção de Rotatividade. Todas as correlações foram negativas, indicando relação menor percepção de clima, maior a intenção do funcionário de deixar a empresa.
Proposição de um programa de capacitação gerencial em uma Instituição Federal de Ensino
Authors: Soares Luiz Marcos
Published: August 2020

Pensar em desenvolvimento de competências organizacionais é pensar no desenvolvimento das competências gerenciais individuais. Esta pesquisa apresenta uma proposta de construção de um programa de capacitação gerencial em um Instituto Federal de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica. A abordagem é qualitativa com aplicação de questionário aos servidores e entrevistas semiestruturada aos gestores, utilizando-se da Análise de Conteúdo para categorizar e codificar as verbalizações dos entrevistados. Com a utilização dessa metodologia conseguiu-se, além de percepções, informações aprofundadas para construção de uma ação de capacitação gerencial estruturada em seis principais temáticas, que se estabeleceram como a espinha dorsal do programa de capacitação gerencial.
Efficiency and responsiveness of using phosphorus and molecular diversity among soybean cultivars
Authors: Morais Soares Marcos , Sediyama Tuneo , Matsuo Éder
Published: August 2020

Plants use two strategies for their development under nutrient limiting conditions that are the efficiency increase of usage and acquisition. In this situation, the use of efficient genotypes for acquisition and utilization of phosphorus (P) may be a complementary solution to minimize possible problems related to this nutrient in Brazilian soils. Thus, this study aimed to verify the efficiency, response, and cultivar molecular diversity concerning the phosphorus availability variations. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using twelve soybean cultivars, such as W 711; MSoy 7211; Anta 82; TMG 1176; MSoy 7908; TMG 132; Valiosa; MSoy 8766; BRS 271; MSoy 9144; Tracajá; and Candeia. The seeds of each cultivar were sown on soil with two doses: 30 and 300 mg P per soil kg. The efficiency indexes, response to P, and molecular analyzes were evaluated. The most efficient cultivars in the use of P and responsive to the increase of P were TMG 1176, TMG 132, Valiosa, and MSoy 9144.
Effect of the storage of soybean seeds treated with agrochemicals on the physiological quality and on the seedlings morphology
Authors: Nogueira João Pedro Garcia , Nobre Danúbia Aparecida Costa , Alves Guilherme Ferreira , Matsuo Éder , Macedo Willian Rodrigues
Published: August 2020

Seed treatment is the most efficient technique for controlling pests and pathogens that can influence the initial development of the crop. However, storing treated seeds may damage the physiological quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of storage on the physiological quality of treated soybean seeds and on the morphology of soybean seedlings. The treatments were carried out with Fludioxonil, Imidacloprid and Anthranilic Diamide, in the dosage of 200, 150 and 100 mL of the commercial product 100 kg of seeds, respectively, from the cultivar BRSMG752S. The experimental designs used were randomized blocks (greenhouse) and completely randomized (laboratory), in a simple factorial 4x4scheme, with 4 sowing times (30, 20, 10 and 0 days after treatments) and 4 treatments (3 products and untreated seeds) with 4 repetitions. The treatment of soybean seeds with Anthranilic Diamide submitted to different storage periods was the one with the closest physiological quality to the treatment without application of agrochemicals. The soybean seeds treated with Imidacloprid showed a reduction in physiological quality with the storage time, reduction (in general) in the root length and presented a lower seedling length at 20 days of storage.
Demographics and Turnover Intentions: Can there be Any Link?
Authors: Soomro Mustajab Ahmed
Published: August 2020

Employee turnover intentions is referred amongst some of the most important areas of focus of employees since the past two decades. Therein, much of the studies have remained focused on a variety of different individual and organizational elements to understand what potentially predict employee turnover intentions and how to manage it. In comparison, little is known pertaining to the demographic factors and their relationship with employee turnover intentions. Through appraising extant literature on demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status and education, the present study offers a critical insight to researchers to understand the potential of these factors in predicting turnover intentions. The article offers unique scholarly presentation of prior studies indicating the prominence of demographic factors and their role in predicting several entities and how they could be of similar vitality when it comes to employee turnover intentions. The article offers critical insight on the topic followed by prepositions and conceptual framework.
Online Marketing and the Performance of Small-Scale Enterprises in Nigeria: A Study of Selected SMEs in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Olusegun Oyedele Ola , Olympus Oworu Oyefemi , Olakunle Adbulganiyu Ibrahim
Published: August 2020

The study investigated Online Marketing and the Performance of Small and medium scale enterprises in Ikeja Local Government Area of Lagos State. Survey research design was employed for the study where 142 respondents (sample size) from the selected total estimated population of 221 SMEs for the study area and were gathered using structured questionnaire. Their responses were tested using appropriate statistical tools of SPSS package using the ANOVA, the correlation, and the regression too. Our study revealed that the Online Marketing affected the performance of SME positively which has allowed youths to be self-employed and created economic growth and regional development. Therefore, the study recommended that solving the performance of SME development can be single handedly done using Online Marketing. Hypothesis one shows correlation (r) value = 66.6% (0.666), at the P value of < 0.05, which shows that the regression model was fit. Hypothesis two shows that R2 of 0.452, and value of P > 0.05, adjusted R2 = 0.446, R2 measures the percentage of variation in the dependent variable caused by variation in the independent variable. This research provides recommendations extracted from findings that, businesses need to develop indigenous technology; new products or processes based on innovations; seek, commercialize or exploit new technology ideas to meet market needs, customer expectations/preferences and consumer demands and identify market opportunities.
Leishmaniasis and Tuberculosis Concurrent Infection in Humans and Animals in Kala-azar Endemic Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Fashiur , Alam Md Jahangir , Sarker Md Abu Sayeed , Uddin Md Jalal , Nipa Shamim Ara , Alim Md Abdul , Matsumoto Yoshitsugu , Rahman Md Bahanur
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Co-infection of parasitic disease and pulmonary tuberculosis are increasing public health problem especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. More than 81% of cases and deaths from TB are in developing countries and is aggravated by concurrency with parasitic diseases, where in Bangladesh suffer a substantial no of Kala-azar cases in each year. Cattle are found to have bovine tuberculosis but at the same areas of Kala-azar endemicity, whether this animal found to be positive.

Objectives: To findout the concurrent infection in humans and animals in Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Surya Kanto Hospital, Mymensingh and four Kala-azar endemic Upazilla of Mymensingh, Tangail and Pabna District. A total of 300 highly suspected tuberculosis patients reported from Kala-azar endemic areas and 170 cattle’s blood sample, 110 cattle spleen samples were included in this study. Cattle blood and spleen samples were investigated for both TB and Kalaazar and all the TB cases were investigated for Kala-azar. Buffy coat from venous blood was taken for ELISA and PCR. Spleen samples were sonicated and then were examined by PCR. All patients’ blood was tested with ICT (rK39) for Visceral Leishmaniasis. ICT positive patient’s splenic aspiration was examined by smear microscopy with 10x 100 magnifications. After that, all these samples were tested by ELISA and PCR.

Results: Out of total 300 patients 162(54%) were found positive for TB. Blood sample of 180 patients was tested with ICT rK39 and 12(7%) patients were found positive for leishmaniasis who suffered from Tuberculosis. These 12(7%) patient’s splenic smear were examined of which 11(92%) of them were found positive for leishmania. But using ELISA all 12(100%) patient smears were found positive. Out of 170 cattle blood 12(7.1%) were ICT positive indicating prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and of these 170 cattle blood 20(11.8%) were found positive for antileishmania antibody. With PCR of these 20, no one was found positive for Leishmania.

Conclusion: Visceral leishmaniasis and tuberculosis coinfection have drawn attention clinically. This study found the presence of leishmaniasis and tuberculosis concurrently in humans in Kala-azar endemic areas, wherein bTB antibody was detected in cattle. Though concurrently leishmania antibody was found in cattle but was not proved by PCR which requires further studies.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 91-96
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Drug Abusers Attending a De-addiction Center in Dhaka
Authors: Kabir SM Humayun , Shaikh Muhammad Abdul Kayum , Ahmed Masud , Begum Masuda , Zafreen Farzana , Mazumder Atiqul Haq
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Drug addiction is a social curse involving all classes of people for ages. Not only it increases individuals morbidity and mortality but also creates social unrest and reduces the national productivity frequent assessment surveys have provided insights into the pattern and required responses.

Objectives: To assess the sociodemographic profile of drug addicts admitted in a prominent drugs deaddiction centre of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study carried out on 158 admitted patients in Thikana Psychiatric/ Drug de-addiction clinic, from October 2014 to September 2015. A predesigned questionnaire used in evaluating the patients by two or more sittings face-to-face interviews.

Results: Amongst 158 patients, 94.30% were male and 62.0% were in the age group of 21-30 years with a mean age of 26.46 + 6.168 years. Majority (60.8%) patients were married and 48.7% had education up to higher secondary level, 29.1% were unemployed and 27.2% students. About 36.7% were spending between 101- 500 Taka/day and 65.8% arrange money for drugs by themselves. The reason behind starting drug abuse was mainly peer pressure (49.4%) followed by curiosity (26.6%). The mean age of starting drug was 19.42 + 7.68 years and 68.35% were addicted to the drug for the period between 1-5 years. Only 4.4% had positive family history of drug abuse. Regarding route of drug abuse, ingestion was most popular (55.1%) and only 8.9% participants were using injectable route. Amongst abused drugs, Amphetamine (Yaba) was most popular among the female (77.7%) and students (21.5%).

Conclusion: Drug abuse cripples the individual, the family, the society and finally the nation. Since younger generations most affected by the drug abuse, it is prudent to evolve and apply preventive, curative and rehabilitative strategies before it is too late.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 113-115
Prevalence of Contraceptive Used by Married Couples in Chattogram Hill Tracts
Authors: Zafreen Farzana , Rahman Md Mustafizur , Razzak Md Abdur , Rahman Md Habibur , Wahab Md Abdul
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Bangladesh is a densely populated country with high fertility rate. Contraception is an essential method for reducing fertility rate. Use of contraceptive depends on couples’ socio-cultural, education and economic condition. Chattogram hill tract is the least economically developed area where, education and health care facilities are hard to reach.

Objectives: To find out the prevalence of contraceptive used bymarried couples of selected rural community of Khagrachari District.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017on 300married women age ranging from 15 to 45 years reported to outpatient department of Border Guard Hospital,Guimara,Khagrachari were selectedpurposively after informed written consent.All the necessary data were collected in a pretested structured questionnaire by face to face interview.

Results: Among the 300 respondents highest 42.7% was in age group of 15-25 years, 60% were married for more than 10 years, 38.3% were illiterate, 89.7% were housewives and 55.7% had monthly family income between five to ten thousands taka. Respondents’ ethnicity was Bengali 51.7%, Marma 18.3%, Tripura 18.7% and Chakma 34(11. 3%). About 53% respondents were using contraceptives among them95.6% were using temporary methods;60.4% oral contraceptive pill followed by injectable 15.8% and condom 9.4%. Barrier to contraceptives use was fear of side effects 21.9% followed by husbands’ non co-operation 24.9% and religious bar 22.7%.

Conclusion: Prevalence of contraceptive use in Chattogram Hill Tract is lower than the overall rate of the country. Appropriate measure should be taken to increase the contraceptive use rate so that total fertility can be controlled.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 120-122
Outcome of Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Rahman Md Salim Ur , Mohammad Russel - , Karim Mohd Rezaul
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a common procedure for a patient with progressive spinal cord compression and severe neurological deterioration causing major disability. Surgery in anterior approach involves removal of osteophyte and disc materials for decompression of spinal cord with addition to the interposition of autogenous tricortical bone graft and stabilization by plate and screw.

Objectives: To assess the clinical outcome, complications of anterior cervical decompression and fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka from January 2015 to May 2017. Total of 24 cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy was enrolled as a study sample. All were treated by an anterior cervical discectomy, fusion and stabilization by plate and screw. All patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated before and after surgery.

Results: In the majority (62.5%) patients, the level of involvement was in C5/C6 and 92.8% had a satisfactory outcome. In 4.1% of cases, early complication like superficial wound infection was noted. Late complications were persistence of pain, numbness present in 7.2% cases. The fusion rate was 100% in this series.

Conclusion: Anterior cervical decompression and fusion for cervical spondylotic myelopathy is a safe and effective procedure. It is associated with the highest fusion, least complications and relatively lower cost.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 127-129
Association of Household Food Security with Anaemia among Children of a Selected Rural Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Md Nazrul Islam , Jahan Nasim , Wahab Md Abdul , Zafreen Farzana
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Food insecurity refers to a household’s having “limited or uncertain availability of food, or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways”. Iron deficiency and iron deficiency anaemia, are the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies worldwide and related to household food insecurity.

Objectives: To find out the association between household food security and anaemia in children of a selected rural area of Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among children ranging age from 12 to 60 months during the period ofJanuary 2009 to June 2009in Chandpur district. Mothers of the children were the respondents. A total of 192 children selected by simple random sampling were included in the study. Data were collected by face-to-face interview of the respondents and by estimation of haemoglobin of the children.

Results: The mean age of the children was 34.5 ± 16.8 months. Male children were more than the female children with male to female ratio being 3:2. The average monthly family income was taka 7500. More than 60% of the mother had secondary level education. Farming was the prime occupation (36.4 %) of the father followed by business (25.5%) and service (22.4%). About 36% of the household did not have food security and nearly 45% of the children wereanaemic (Hb<11 g/dl). About two-thirds (65.2%) children with household food insecurity was anaemic (Hb 11g/dl). Estimation of odds ratio demonstrates that food insecured children were nearly 3 times as likely to develop anaemia as the children having household food security. The present study revealed a significant association (P<0.001) between household food security and anaemia in children. Household food security was not influenced by age and gender of the children. Low family income and mother’ illiteracy was significantly associated with household food insecurity.

Conclusion: The present study revealed a significant association between household food insecurity and anaemia in children. Household food security was not influenced by age and gender of the children. However, low family income and mothers’ illiteracy play significant role in household food security.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 130-133
Prescribing Pattern of Anti-Diabetic Drugs for Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Nazrina Sayeda , Maruf Abdullah Al , Rahman Wahida , Khan Fatema Zerin
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly Type 2 DM is now recognized as a major chronic public health problem throughout the world. Different anti-diabetic agents, oral or injectable are used to regulate patients’ glycemic status as monotherapy or in combination.

Objectives: To observe the prescribingpattern ofanti-diabetic agents and to collect demographic and disease details of type 2 DM patients.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to August 2017 in the outpatient department of Border Guard Hospital, Pilkhana; a tertiary level hospital in Dhaka. The study enrolled 172 type 2 diabetic patients purposively on specified criteria. Demographic data,drug prescribing pattern, disease pattern were collected by an interview and from patients’ prescriptions.

Results: Among 172 respondents,70 (40.70%) were male and 102 (59.30%) were female. The mean age of patients was 54.21±10.09 years. Eighty seven (50.58%) patients were either overweight or obese. Eighty two (47.67%) patients had family history of DM. Majority of patients (84.89%) had duration of diabetes >5 years and 84 (48.84%) patients had co-morbidities. Majority of the patients 135(78.49%) were prescribed oral drugs either alone or in combination. Among them 83 (63.48%) patients were prescribed oral monotherapy and 52(38.52%) patients were prescribed oral combination therapy. Metformin was the most prescribed oral anti-diabetic drug as monothearpy (71.08%). Among combined anti-diabetic drugsbased on class, metformin+Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors(DPP4i) (36.11%), combination was the most commonly prescribed combination. The findings can lead to select the formulation and combination of anti-diabetic drugs in this part of the world for developing & marketing a new anti-diabetic drug.

Conclusion: Metformin was the most commonly prescribed drug both as monotherapy as well as combination therapy and monotherapy was predominant over combination therapy.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 139-143
Treatment of Melasma Cases by Oral Tranexamic Acid: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Karim ATM Rezaul , Sadeque Shayesta Parvin , Ferdous Afreen , Khan Md Abdul Latif , Rahman Md Habibur , Rafi Ahmed , Masum Abdullah
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Melasma is a great challengefor a dermatologist as its treatment is unsatisfactory and recurrence is high.Treatment of melasma using oral tranexamic acid is a novel concept.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of oral tranexamic acid with routine topical therapies for the treatment of melasma.

Materials and Methods: This prospective, interventional, randomized controlled trial was conducted among 130 melasma patients in the Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital, Cumilla from June 2016 to June 2017. The patients were divided into two groups consisting of 65 patients each. The first group (Group A) was given routine treatment measures and oral Tranexamic Acid while the second group (Group B) was treated only with routine topical measures. Capsule Tranexamic Acid was prescribed at a dose of 250 mg twice a day for three months and cases were followed during the course of treatment. The response was evaluated on the basis of Melasma Assessment Severity Index (MASI).

Results: Astatistically significant decrease in the mean Melasma Assessment Severity Index from baseline to 8th and 12th weeks was observed among group A patents (11.08±2.91 vs 8.95±2.08 at week 8 and vs. 7.84±2.44 at week 12; (p<0.05 for both). While among group B patients the decrease in mean score was significant at 8 weeks and insignificant at 12 weeks follow up (11.60±3.40 vs 9.9±2.61 at 8 weeks and vs. 9.26±3 at 12 weeks; p<0.05 for former but p>0.05 for later).

Conclusion: Oral Tranexamic acid provides rapid and sustained improvement in the treatment of melasma.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 148-151
Appropriateness of Referral for Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Khan Md Mizanur Rahman , Wahab Md Abdul , Yasin Md Muaz , Zafreen Farzana
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) allows physicians to directly schedule endoscopic procedures for their patients without prior consultation. Evaluation of appropriateness of endoscopic procedures is associated with costs and beneﬁts.

Objectives: To assess the appropriateness of the use of UGE in an open-access setting in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted among 300 patients referred for UGE at Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Shaheed Suhrawardi Medical College and Hospital from January 2016 to June 2016. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) guidelines was used to assess the appropriateness of referral. The participants were selected by purposive nonprobability sampling and a pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results: Out of 300 respondents 62.3% was male. History of smoking was more in male and taking NSAIDs were more in the female. In UGE 46.7% revealed normal findings but majority 53.3% had some pathology. About 86% cases, UGE was found appropriate according to ASGE guideline and majority appropriate cases 37.3% were referred by internal medicine specialist. Appropriateness of referral among different physicians was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Appropriateness of referral for UGE performed in tertiary care level hospitals in an open-access setting like Bangladesh was satisfactory.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 152-155
Job Satisfaction among the Healthcare Professionals of Combined Military Hospitals of Bangladesh
Authors: Munir Umar Rashed , Rahman Md Fashiur , Nosib Md Nasir Uddin
Published: August 2020

Introduction: Job satisfaction is a cognitive, affective and evaluative reaction towards a job. It is closely linked to an individual’s behaviour in the work place. Health Care Professionals of Combined Military Hospitalsface diverse stressful situations while accomplishing their professional commitments. They often concede job satisfaction as a stressor stemming to their work place.

Objectives: To findout the Job Satisfaction level among the Healthcare Professionals of CMH in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods: A total of 574 respondents were selected from five CMHs using simple random sampling considering doctors, nurses, paramedic medical assistants and technologists as the study population. The level of job satisfaction was elucidated by certain parameters and occupational stress was measured by Health Professions Stress Inventory.

Results: A high proportion of respondents were found to be satisfied or highly satisfied in regards to work prospects (61.4%), people they worked with (86.5%), physical working conditions (79.4%), the way their department was run (80.7%), the way their abilities were used (78.2%) and their interest and skill involved in their job (77.4%). On the contrary, a marginal majority (56.7%) were dissatisfied in regards to their salary. 32.4% were found to be not at all worried about losing their job and more than a half (60.8%) mentioned that they feel fairly secured financially for the next 10 years.A significant relationship has been found between job satisfaction and stress (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Professional uniqueness contributes significantly to job satisfaction. Particular improvements in working life can be materialized through scientific planning, maintenance and optimization, valuation of human resources and necessary organizational support.

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 164-168