bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inventory pledge financing decisions based on a permissioned blockchain by controlling fraudulent risk
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Xiong Qingyue , Lan Qiujun
Published: October 2024

Inventory pledge financing (IPF) is a crucial financing way for small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs). But banks are reluctant to finance SMEs due to fraudulent risk in practice. This paper discusses the application of blockchain in IPF, particularly its impact on mitigating fraud risks. Utilizing game theory models, we illustrate how the finance and operation decisions of participants, along with supply chain efficiency, are influenced by the introduction of blockchain. Meanwhile, equilibrium outcomes are analysed and numerical study is given. Our analysis reveals that under certain conditions, blockchain integration can lead to reduced loan interest rates, lower wholesale prices, increased order quantities by buyers, and enhanced supply chain efficiency. Lastly, we develop a protocol to demonstrate the transfer of digital warehouse receipt on a permissioned blockchain to avoid fraudulent risk. This study provides a theoretical foundation, and a guidance for decisions-making in blockchain-enabled IPF schme.
Rare Diseases and Syndromes Observed in Newborn Babies with
Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Authors: Kaya Başak , Akduman Hasan , Dilli Dilek , Geyik Cem , Karaman Ayşe , Uçan Berna , Kaya Özkan , Aydoğan Seda , Zenciroğlu Ayşegül
Published: October 2024

Aim  Although infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis is a multifactorial
disease caused by genetic and environmental factors, the role of genetic factors
has become more important recently. With this study, we aimed to present rare
diseases accompanying infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis caused by genetic
factors.

Patients and Methods  This is a retrospective study. Babies who were
operated on with the diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the
neonatal intensive care unit between 2000 and 2022 and had additional diseases
were included in the study.

Results  9.8% of patients diagnosed with infantile hypertrophic pyloric
stenosis had an accompanying rare disease.

Conclusion  Early diagnosis and treatment of rare diseases associated with
infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis are of great importance in reducing
morbidity/mortality due to these diseases.
Tachycardia–Desaturation Episodes in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Patients with and without Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Nagraj V Peter , Howard Paige , Fairchild Karen D. , Sullivan Brynne A.
Published: October 2024

Objectives Much attention has been paid to measuring physiological episodes of bradycardia–oxygen desaturation (BDs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). NICU patients also have spells of tachycardia–desaturation (TDs), but these have not been well-characterized. We hypothesized that TDs would be more common among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We aimed to quantify daily TDs compared to BDs in NICU patients across a range of gestational and postmenstrual ages (GA and PMA) and determine whether TDs are associated with BPD.

Study Design We analyzed every 2-second heart rate (HR) and peripheral saturation of oxygen (SpO2) throughout the NICU stay of all infants with 24 to 39 weeks GA admitted to a single, level IV NICU from 2012 to 2015. BDs were defined in our prior work (HR <100 bpm for ≥4 seconds with concurrent SpO2 <80% for ≥10 seconds) and TDs as a 20% increase in HR from the previous 2-hour mean baseline and concurrent SpO2 <80% for ≥10 seconds. We calculated the median daily BDs and TDs across a range of GAs and PMAs. For infants ≤32 weeks GA, we compared TDs for those with and without BPD at 36 weeks PMA and discharge on supplemental oxygen.

Results We analyzed 782,424 hours of HR and SpO2 data from 1,718 neonates, with a median of 271 hours analyzed per infant. TDs frequency increased with increasing PMA across all GAs. BDs occurred most frequently in infants <29 weeks GA and decreased as infants approached term equivalent age. For infants with ≤32 weeks GA, one or more TD per day from 33 to 35 weeks PMA was associated with BPD and home oxygen.

Conclusion Episodes of TD at the thresholds defined in this analysis occurred more frequently at later PMA and were more common in infants with BPD and those requiring home oxygen.

Key Points
Numerical simulation of condensation of supercritical water gasification products in a supersonic nozzle
Authors: Wu Hongtu , Jurčević Mišo , Ström Henrik , Khurram Muhammad Shahzad , Jin Hui
Published: October 2024

The clean and efficient separation of supercritical water gasification products (SCWGP) has emerged as a significant challenge in supercritical water gasification technology. This paper proposes the use of a supersonic nozzle for the condensation and separation of H2 and CO2 from SCWGP, leveraging the high-pressure characteristics of these products. By establishing a flow model and a condensation model for the supersonic nozzle, the effects of inlet pressure and inlet temperature on the condensation process are analyzed. The analysis reveals that the latent heat released during condensation causes an abnormal distribution of pressure and temperature within the nozzle. When the inlet pressure of the nozzle is increased from 7.0 to 9.0 MPa, the liquid phase mass fraction at the outlet rises from 5.3 × 10−3 to 0.056. Similarly, when the inlet temperature is lowered from 300.0 to 290.0 K, the liquid phase mass fraction at the outlet also rises from 5.3 × 10−3 to 0.058. The increase in inlet pressure leads to the condensation location shifting toward the throat by ∼8.5 × 10−3 m⋅MPa−1, while the impact of inlet temperature is approximately −2.3 × 10−3 m⋅K−1. The nucleation rate in the nozzle is always concentrated in a small region.
Spin relaxation dynamics with a continuous spin environment: The dissipaton equation of motion approach
Authors: Ying Wenxiang , Su Yu , Chen Zi-Hao , Wang Yao , Huo Pengfei
Published: October 2024

We investigate the quantum dynamics of a spin coupling to a bath of independent spins via the dissipaton equation of motion (DEOM) approach. The bath, characterized by a continuous spectral density function, is composed of spins that are independent level systems described by the su(2) Lie algebra, representing an environment with a large magnitude of anharmonicity. Based on the previous work by Suarez and Silbey [J. Chem. Phys. 95, 9115 (1991)] and by Makri [J. Chem. Phys. 111, 6164 (1999)] that the spin bath can be mapped to a Gaussian environment under its linear response limit, we use the time-domain Prony fitting decomposition scheme to the bare–bath time correlation function (TCF) given by the bosonic fluctuation–dissipation theorem to generate the exponential decay basis (or pseudo modes) for DEOM construction. The accuracy and efficiency of this strategy have been explored by a variety of numerical results. We envision that this work provides new insights into extending the hierarchical equations of motion and DEOM approach to certain types of anharmonic environments with arbitrary TCF or spectral density.
Determination of reduced density matrices in the doubly occupied configuration interaction space: A Hellmann–Feynman theorem approach
Authors: Garros Adán
Published: October 2024

In this work, the Hellmann–Feynman theorem is extended within the doubly occupied configuration interaction space to enable practical calculations of reduced density matrices and expected values. This approach is straightforward, employing finite energy differences, yet remains reliable and accurate even with approximate energies from successive approximation methods. The method’s validity is rigorously tested against the Richardson–Gaudin–Kitaev and reduced Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer models using approximate excitation energies procured from the Hermitian operator method within the same space, effectively proving the approach’s reliability with median error rates for reduced density matrix calculations around 0.1%. These results highlight the procedure’s potential as a practical tool for computing reduced density matrices and expected values, particularly valuable as an ad hoc method in scenarios where only system energies are easily available.
An ab initio approach to the Hugoniot
Authors: Wilkins Jacob S. , Probert Matt I. J.
Published: October 2024

The Hugoniot is the equation of state of a shock-compressed material and is a key part of high-pressure physics. One way of calculating it is via the Hugoniostat that has significant computational advantages over direct calculation via non-equilibrium molecular dynamics. We introduce a number of improvements to the Hugoniostat, which significantly reduce the run time and the number of atoms required for converged results. Consequently, ab initio Hugoniot calculations are tractable. We illustrate the benefits through simple model potentials and with density functional theory calculations of argon.
Path-integral calculation of the third dielectric virial coefficient of helium based on ab initio three-body polarizability and dipole surfaces
Authors: Garberoglio Giovanni , Harvey Allan H. , Lang Jakub , Przybytek Michał , Lesiuk Michał , Jeziorski Bogumił
Published: October 2024

We develop a surface for the electric dipole moment of three interacting helium atoms and use it with state-of-the-art potential and polarizability surfaces to compute the third dielectric virial coefficient, Cɛ, for both 4He and 3He isotopes. Our results agree with previously published data computed using an approximated form for the three-body polarizability and are extended to the low-temperature regime by including exchange effects. In addition, the uncertainty of Cɛ is rigorously determined for the first time by propagating the uncertainties of the potential and polarizability surfaces; this uncertainty is much larger than the contribution from the dipole-moment surface to Cɛ. Our results compare reasonably well with the limited experimental data. The first-principles values of Cϵ computed in this work will enhance the accuracy of primary temperature and pressure metrology based on measurements of the dielectric constant of helium.
The status of interjections in Cognitive Grammar
Authors: Hamawand Zeki
Published: October 2024

This paper reflects on interjections in English. An interjection is a word or phrase that is used to express strong emotions, often suddenly, like oops when a small mistake happens, as in Oops! I typed two Ls by mistake. To provide a new picture of interjections, it embeds the analysis in Cognitive Grammar. In this regard, it attempts to verify three claims of Cognitive Grammar. One claim describes a linguistic expression as a cluster of distinct but related senses. In light of this claim, the paper argues that an interjection forms a category of numerous senses organized around a central one. Another claim characterizes the meanings of linguistic expressions with respect to the fields to which they belong. In virtue of this claim, the paper argues that interjections form domains in which they stand for a general concept but differ in specifics. A further claim ascribes the use of a linguistic expression to the particular construal imposed on its content. Given this claim, the paper argues that the use of an interjection results from the particular perspective in which the speaker takes on a situation. The aim is to highlight the extra touch of meaning that interjections flavor the utterances in which they occur. The gist is that interjections are purposeful choices for expressing sentiments.
Metaphorical richness
Authors: Chen Chuanhong , Wen Xu
Published: October 2024

The present study probes into a comparative study of metaphorical expressions of money in English and Chinese. By hiring corpus-based methodology, this article aims to gain insight into the universality and variation of money-related conceptual metaphors manifested in corresponding linguistic expressions in English and Chinese. Drawing on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, the findings unravel a significant overlay in money-related conceptual metaphors between English and Chinese, upholding a notch of acclaim. Additionally, a small part of money-related conceptual metaphors is specific in a certain kind of language, either in English or Chinese. Meanwhile, the present study tends to explore metaphorical conceptualizations of money primarily based on common bodily experiences, and thus, most money-related conceptual metaphors are universal in English and Chinese, while the variations in English and Chinese can be explained by cultural experiences. Consequently, this research contributes to our understanding of the interplay between conceptual unit schematicity and embodiment hierarchy. Moreover, it bids valued insights for future comparative studies on conceptual metaphors spanning diverse languages and cultures.
The interface between body and culture in the figurative conceptualization of the “eye” in
Amharic
Authors: Menete Sérgio N. , Jiang Guiying
Published: October 2024

Inspired by the notions of body-based and culturally specific embodiment, this study sheds light
on the interface between body and culture in the Amharic conceptualization of ayn ‘eye.’ Applying the “lexical
approach”, this paper examines the eye-related metaphors in Amharic monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. At the bodily level,
the widespread conceptual metaphors knowing/thinking is seeing and eyes are light sources, and the metonymies
eye for person and physiological (eye) change stands for an emotion are present in
Amharic. In the cultural dimension, ayn is related to the concept of the “evil eye”, which associates the eye
with mystical powers. However, contrary to the widespread superstitious belief of the “evil eye” in other cultures, the notion of
the “evil eye” in Amharic is associated with the concept of buda--a class of people socially segregated due to their
economic status and their supposedly accursed lineage. This study shows that the presence of similar conceptual metaphors
(“vision-light”, “vision-knowledge”, and “eye-emotion/personality” metaphors) and cultural beliefs (the “evil eye”) in different
languages/cultures does not necessarily entail equivalent conceptualization.
StableMARK-decorated microtubules in cells have expanded lattices
Authors: de Jager Leanne , Jansen Klara I. , Hoogebeen Robin , Akhmanova Anna , Kapitein Lukas C. , Förster Friedrich , Howes Stuart C.
Published: October 2024

Microtubules are crucial in cells and are regulated by various mechanisms like posttranslational modifications, microtubule-associated proteins, and tubulin isoforms. Recently, the conformation of the microtubule lattice has also emerged as a potential regulatory factor, but it has remained unclear to what extent different lattices co-exist within the cell. Using cryo-electron tomography, we find that, while most microtubules have a compacted lattice (∼41 Å monomer spacing), approximately a quarter of the microtubules displayed more expanded lattice spacings. The addition of the microtubule-stabilizing agent Taxol increased the lattice spacing of all microtubules, consistent with results on reconstituted microtubules. Furthermore, correlative cryo-light and electron microscopy revealed that the stable subset of microtubules labeled by StableMARK, a marker for stable microtubules, predominantly displayed a more expanded lattice spacing (∼41.9 Å), further suggesting a close connection between lattice expansion and microtubule stability. The coexistence of different lattices and their correlation with stability implicate lattice spacing as an important factor in establishing specific microtubule subsets.
Enhanced fault diagnosis of segmented asymmetric stochastic resonance in rotating machinery under strong noise environment
Authors: Han Baokun , Man Xuhao , Zhang Zongzhen , Bao Huaiqian , Wang Jinrui
Published: October 2024

In industrial applications, strong noise hampers the extraction of reliable features from mechanical equipment, crucial for detecting faults. Stochastic resonance, unlike other methods, enhances weak signals effectively in noisy environments. However, it often suffers from oversaturation, a common issue when used to improve signal clarity. Therefore, this study introduces a method to prevent saturation with piecewise asymmetric stochastic resonance. A novel potential function is used. This allows the derivation of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a bistable system under harmonic excitation. The method effectively manages the conversion of energy states and mitigates the influence of noise through dynamic adjustments to the barrier depth, width, and slope. Furthermore, system parameters are refined using an optimization algorithm to enhance performance and efficiency by optimizing the system response under noise conditions, thereby improving signal detection and reliability. Applied to the bearing fault datasets from Shandong University of Science and Technology, the results indicate that this enhanced method achieves a higher output SNR and a more pronounced peak at the fault characteristic frequency compared to traditional stochastic resonance methods. This study significantly enhances signal processing efficiency and noise tolerance in stochastic resonance, providing more reliable technical support for fault diagnosis in industrial machinery with severe noise interference, thereby improving maintenance efficiency and operational safety.
Impact of JL structure on analog/RF parameters and 6 T SRAM memory circuits of GNRFETs
Authors: Ahmad Md Akram , Chandra Mech Bhubon
Published: October 2024

The primary challenge in shrinking transistors is maintaining narrow source/drain (S/D) junctions with sharp doping gradients, necessitating advanced S/D and channel engineering techniques. The junctionless (JL) transistor design eliminates the need for junctions and doping gradients, simplifying manufacturing. This study uses process simulations to explore the impact of the JL configuration on the analog and radio frequency (RF) performance of double-gate (DG) graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors (GNRFETs). The findings show that JL DG GNRFETs slightly outperform conventional DG GNRFETs, with a 15% increase in transconductance (gm) and a 10.3% higher cut-off frequency (fT). Additionally, the JL device exhibits a 16.2% higher gain-frequency product (GFP). The investigation employs self-consistent atomistic simulations within the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) framework, solving the Schrödinger equation under ballistic conditions. A high-performance hybrid 6 T static random-access memory (SRAM) is included to assess circuit-level variations and performance improvements.
The multi-resolution Haar wavelets collocation procedure for fractional Riccati equations
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Lei Weidong , Khan Amir Ali , Bohner Martin
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present a Haar wavelet collocation method (HWCM) for solving fractional Riccati equations. The primary goal of this study is to bypass the requirement of calculating the Jacobian of the nonlinear system of algebraic equations by using an iterative quasi-linearization technique. The Haar wavelet series is then utilized to approximate the first-order derivative, which is incorporated into the Caputo derivative framework to express the fractional-order derivative. This process transforms the nonlinear Riccati equation into a linear system of algebraic equations, which does not require calculating the Jacobian and can be efficiently solved using any standard linear solver. We evaluate the performance of HWCM on various forms of fractional Riccati equations, demonstrating its efficiency and accuracy. Compared to existing methods in the literature, our proposed HWCM produces more precise results, making it a valuable tool for solving fractional-order differential equations.
Robust preference for Dynamical Dark Energy in DESI BAO and SN measurements
Authors: Giarè William , Najafi Mahdi , Pan Supriya , Di Valentino Eleonora , Firouzjaee Javad T.
Published: October 2024

Recent Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements released by DESI, when combined with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data from Planck and two different samples of Type Ia supernovae (Pantheon-Plus and DESY5) reveal a preference for Dynamical Dark Energy (DDE) characterized by a present-day quintessence-like equation of state that crossed into the phantom regime in the past. A coreansatzfor this result is assuming a linear Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parameterizationw(a) =w0+wa(1-a) to describe the evolution of the DE equation of state (EoS). In this paper, we test if and to what extent this assumption impacts the results. To prevent broadening uncertainties in cosmological parameter inference and facilitate direct comparison with the baseline CPL case, we focus on 4 alternative well-known models that, just like CPL, consist of only two free parameters: the present-day DE EoS (w0) and a parameter quantifying its dynamical evolution (wa). We demonstrate that the preference for DDE remains robust regardless of the parameterization:w0consistently remains in the quintessence regime, whilewaconsistently indicates a preference for a dynamical evolution towards the phantom regime. This tendency is significantly strengthened by DESY5 SN measurements. By comparing the best-fit χ2obtained within each DDE model, we notice that the linear CPL parameterization is not the best-fitting case. Among the models considered, the EoS proposed by Barboza and Alcaniz consistently leads to the most significant improvement.
Cosmic distance duality relation in light of time-delayed strong gravitational lensing*
Authors: Tang 唐 Li 丽 , Lin 林 Hai-Nan 海南 , Wu 吴 Ying 英
Published: October 2024

The cosmic distance duality relation (DDR), which links the angular-diameter and luminosity distances, is a cornerstone in modern cosmology. Any deviation from DDR may indicate new physics beyond the standard cosmological model. In this study, we used four high-precision time-delayed strong gravitational lensing (SGL) systems provided by H0LiCOW to test the validity of DDR. To this end, we directly compared the angular-diameter distances from these SGL systems with the luminosity distances from the latest Pantheon+ compilation of SNe Ia. To reduce the statistical errors arising from redshift matching, a Gaussian process method was applied to reconstruct the distance-redshift relation from the Pantheon+ dataset. We parameterized the possible violation of DDR in three different models. All results confirm the validity of DDR at

confidence level. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations based on the future LSST survey indicated that the precision of DDR could reach the

level with 100 SGL systems.
Geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of a B-axis of the B-axis power-driven turret
Authors: Xu Jincheng , Wang Manxin , Wang Jiaqiang , Fang Fangwenyi , Zou Yun , Yang Yibo
Published: October 2024

To guide the design of the B-axis power-driven turret and improve its end accuracy, the geometric error model of its B-axis is established, and the sensitivity analysis of the error sources is completed. Firstly, based on the structure of the B-axis, six branch chains that can transfer the error sources of each component to the end error are decomposed. Then, the error modeling of the B-axis is transformed into error modeling for each branch chain. Secondly, the mapping relationship between the end position and orientation error and the error sources of each component is deduced using the multibody system theory method, and the sensitivity analysis model of the error sources is established using the Morris method. Finally, based on the example, the influence degree of each component error source on the end error and its components is obtained, and the key error sources affecting the accuracy of the B-axis are screened out, which lays a solid foundation for the accuracy synthesis and error compensation of the B-axis.
Reliability analysis of overload static pressure turntable based on fuzzy fault tree
Authors: Li Zekun , Chen Jie , Zhang Xiaogang , Ran Yan
Published: October 2024

To address issues such as frequent failures and high maintenance complexity in large overload static pressure turntables, this paper establishes a subsystem fault tree model for large overload static pressure turntables. It combines fuzzy mathematics theory to conduct a fault tree analysis, utilizing triangular fuzzy numbers to describe the failure probability of the turntable subsystem. This approach identifies the weak links that impact the reliability of the turntable system and devises reliability optimization solutions.
The response of the ocean carbon cycle to artificial upwelling, ocean iron fertilization and the combination of both
Authors: Jürchott M , Koeve W , Oschlies A
Published: October 2024

Artificial upwelling (AU) and ocean iron fertilization (OIF) both have been proposed as marine carbon dioxide removal methods to enhance ocean carbon uptake by stimulating the biological carbon pump. We simulate global and regional AU and OIF individually and the combination of both methods between the years 2025 and 2100 in ocean-atmosphere model experiments under the moderate RCP 4.5 CO2-emission pathway and show that the combination of globally applied AU + OIF yields the greatest ocean carbon uptake potential of +103 Pg C until year 2100. Regional OIF simulated by itself poleward of 45° North and South is responsible for +86.9 Pg C additional ocean carbon uptake. AU-only experiments do not significantly enhance ocean carbon uptake due to the lack of iron in the upwelled waters. We find no consistent relationship between enhanced cumulative export production and changes in the ocean carbon inventory attributable to the biological carbon pump, which makes export production a poor indicator for additional ocean carbon uptake. We identified a strong decrease in the global ocean nitrate inventory (−567 Tmol N) until year 2100 as a consequence of globally applied AU + OIF due to an interrupted balance between N2-fixation and denitrification.
Point selections from Jordan domains in Riemannian surfaces
Authors: Belegradek Igor , Ghomi Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Using fiber bundle theory and conformal mappings, we continuously select a point from the interior of Jordan domains in Riemannian surfaces. This selection can be made equivariant under isometries, and take on prescribed values such as the center of mass when the domains are convex. Analogous results for conformal transformations are obtained as well. It follows that the space of Jordan domains in surfaces of constant curvature admits an isometrically equivariant strong deformation retraction onto the space of round disks. Finally we develop a canonical procedure for selecting points from planar Jordan domains.
Rediscovering Nostalgia
Authors: Macpherson Ben
Published: October 2024

This chapter considers the cultural politics of vocal imitation in bio-musical performances, exploring nostalgic vocality as the ‘counterpart’ to singing utopia. Using two complementary tendencies of ‘nostalgia’, selected examples from Jersey Boys (2005), Beautiful: The Carole King Musical (2014), and Tina: The Tina Turner Musical (2018) are analysed for what they reveal about nostalgia and its relationship to utopian ideals. These examples are listened to through three metaphorical audio filters: vocal drag (lipsynching), ventriloquism, and simulacrum. Drawing them together, the chapter introduces a third tendency of nostalgia, and a new term—‘simuloquism’—demonstrating its application as a means of understanding the relationship between ‘original’ voices of well-known singers, live voices in musical theatre performances, and complex experiences of the past, present, and future.
Punishment and the Value of Deserved Suffering
Authors: McKenna Michael
Published: October 2024

In this chapter, the conversational theory is extended to punishment, which is understood as distinct from blame. Among the differences between them, the intention of punishment is to harm, whereas this need not be so with blame. Regardless, punishment can also be treated as having a conversational character. Key to accounting for punishment on the conversational theory is that punishment engages an agent of a crime by seeking her experiencing a form of guilt that is a meaningful response from those who hold her to account. Punishments themselves are structured by supplying external conditions that can be taken as proper means of experiencing deserved guilt. The external conditions are suited for the desired internal response. Understood in this way, the forms and degree of punishment that a culpable person might deserve are far more limited than what is typically associated with retributivist theories.
Sitetack: a deep learning model that improves PTM prediction by using known PTMs
Authors: Gutierrez Clair S , Kassim Alia A , Gutierrez Benjamin D , Raines Ronald T
Published: October 2024

Motivation

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) increase the diversity of the proteome and are vital to organismal life and therapeutic strategies. Deep learning has been used to predict PTM locations. Still, limitations in datasets and their analyses compromise success.

Results

We evaluated the use of known PTM sites in prediction via sequence-based deep learning algorithms. For each PTM, known locations of that PTM were encoded as a separate amino acid before sequences were encoded via word embedding and passed into a convolutional neural network that predicts the probability of that PTM at a given site. Without labeling known PTMs, our models are on par with others. With labeling, however, we improved significantly upon extant models. Moreover, knowing PTM locations can increase the predictability of a different PTM. Our findings highlight the importance of PTMs for the installation of additional PTMs. We anticipate that including known PTM locations will enhance the performance of other proteomic machine learning algorithms.

Availability and implementation

Sitetack is available as a web tool at https://sitetack.net; the source code, representative datasets, instructions for local use, and select models are available at https://github.com/clair-gutierrez/sitetack.
Indigenous Underrepresentation in American and Canadian Atopic Dermatitis Clinical Trials: A 10-year Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Akuffo-Addo Edgar , Boisvert Jeannie , Asiniwasis Rachel
Published: October 2024

This article highlights the underrepresentation of Indigenous participants in American and Canadian atopic dermatitis clinical trials and explores some contributing factors and potential solutions.
HoloPatch: improving intracardiac patch fit through holographically modelled templates
Authors: Lippert Matthias , d’ Albenzio Gabriella , Suther Kathrine Rydén , Dumont Karl-Andreas , Palomar Rafael , Odland Hans Henrik , Elle Ole Jakob , Bendz Bjørn , Brun Henrik
Published: October 2024

Aims

Structural heart defects, including congenital ventricular septal defect closure or intracardiac rerouting, frequently require surgical reconstruction using hand-cut patch materials. Digitally modelled patch templates may improve patch fit and reduce outflow tract obstruction, residual defect risk, and conduction system damage. In this study, we benchmarked mixed-reality and a desktop application against a digitalized model of a real implanted patch.

Methods and results

Ten patients scheduled for the repair of various defects consented to prospective inclusion in the study. After surgery, a digital model of the implanted patch was created from the residual material. Five clinical experts created 10 digital patches, 1 per patient, both in mixed-reality and desktop application, for comparison with the reference measurements, including the digitalized model of the real patch used during the surgery. Subjective residual shunt risk prediction was performed using both modalities. Digital patches created in mixed-reality closely matched the surgical material, whereas those created using desktop applications were significantly smaller. Different evaluators showed varying preferences for the application of the residual shunt risk and area.

Conclusion

Digitally created patches can assist surgeons in preoperatively sizing of patch implants, potentially reducing post-operative complications.
Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with congenital heart disease: a nationwide, register-based, case–control study
Authors: Cuszynska-Kruk Dagmara , Fedchenko Maria , Giang Kok Wai , Dellborg Mikael , Eriksson Peter , Hansson Per-Olof , Mandalenakis Zacharias
Published: October 2024

Aims

Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) have an increased risk of developing acquired cardiovascular diseases. However, the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with CHD is unknown. We aimed to investigate the incidence and risk of VTE in patients with CHD compared with matched controls without CHD.

Methods and results

Data from Swedish health registers were used to identify all patients with CHD between 1970 and 2017 in Sweden. Each patient with CHD was matched with 10 controls from the Swedish Total Population Register. The primary outcome of the study was an event of VTE. Follow-up was from birth until VTE, death, or the end of the study (2017). Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the risk of VTE in patients with CHD and controls. A total of 67 814 patients with CHD and 583 709 matched controls were identified and included in the study. During a mean follow-up of 15.9 (SD ± 12.5) years, 554 (0.8%) patients with CHD and 1571 (0.3%) controls developed VTE. The risk of VTE was 3.3 [95% confidence interval [CI] 2.6–3.4) times higher in patients with CHD than in controls. Patients with conotruncal defects had the highest risk of VTE (hazard ratio 7.06, 95% CI 5.52–9.03).

Conclusion

In our nationwide study, we found that the risk of VTE in patients with CHD was more than three times higher than in matched controls. The highest risk of VTE was in patients with the most complex lesions. Further research is crucial to clarify the underlying risk factors and prevent VTE in patients with CHD.
Standardised and hierarchically classified heart failure and complementary disease monitoring outcome measures: european Unified Registries for heart Care evaluation and randomised trials (EuroHeart)
Authors: Bhatty Asad , Wilkinson Chris , Batra Gorav , Aktaa Suleman , Smith Adam B , Wahab Ali , Chappell Sam , Alfredsson Joakim , Erlinge David , Ferreira Jorge , Guðmundsdóttir Ingibjörg J , Hrafnkelsdóttir Þórdís Jóna , Ingimarsdóttir Inga Jóna , Irs Alar , Jánosi András , Járai Zoltán , Oliveira-Santos Manuel , Popescu Bogdan A , Vasko Peter , Vinereanu Dragos , Yap Jonathan , Bugiardini Raffaele , Cenko Edina , Nadarajah Ramesh , Sydes Matthew R , James Stefan , Maggioni Aldo P , Wallentin Lars , Casadei Barbara , Gale Chris P
Published: October 2024

Aims

The lack of standardised definitions for heart failure outcome measures limits the ability to reliably assess effectiveness of heart failure therapies. The European Unified Registries for Heart Care Evaluation and Randomised Trials (EuroHeart) aimed to produce a catalogue of internationally endorsed data definitions for heart failure outcome measures.

Methods

Following the EuroHeart methods for the development of cardiovascular data standards, a working group was formed of representatives from the European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Association and other leading heart failure experts. A systematic review of observational and randomised clinical trials identified current outcome measures, which was supplemented by clinical practice guidelines and existing registries for contemporary definitions. A modified Delphi process was employed to gain consensus for variable inclusion and whether collection should be mandatory (Level 1) or optional (Level 2) within EuroHeart. In addition, a set of complementary outcome measures were identified by the Working Group as of scientific and clinical importance for longitudinal monitoring for people with heart failure.

Results

Five Level 1 and two Level 2 outcome measures were selected and defined, alongside five complementary monitoring outcomes for patients with heart failure.

Conclusion

We present a structured, hierarchical catalogue of internationally endorsed heart failure outcome measures. This will facilitate quality improvement, high quality observational research, registry-based trials, and post market surveillance of medical devices.
Taxonomic and functional partitioning of Chloroflexota populations under ferruginous conditions at and below the sediment-water interface
Authors: Vuillemin Aurèle , Ruiz-Blas Fatima , Yang Sizhong , Bartholomäus Alexander , Henny Cynthia , Kallmeyer Jens
Published: October 2024

The adaptation of the phylum Chloroflexota to various geochemical conditions is thought to have originated in primitive microbial ecosystems, involving hydrogenotrophic energy conservation under ferruginous anoxia. Oligotrophic deep waters displaying anoxic ferruginous conditions, such as those of Lake Towuti, and their sediments may thus constitute a preferential ecological niche for investigating metabolic versatility in modern Chloroflexota. Combining pore water geochemistry, cell counts, sulfate reduction rates, and 16S rRNA genes with in-depth analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes, we show that Chloroflexota benefit from cross-feeding on metabolites derived from canonical respiration chains and fermentation. Detailing their genetic contents, we provide molecular evidence that Anaerolineae have metabolic potential to use unconventional electron acceptors, different cytochromes, and multiple redox metalloproteins to cope with oxygen fluctuations, and thereby effectively colonizing the ferruginous sediment-water interface. In sediments, Dehalococcoidia evolved to be acetogens, scavenging fatty acids, haloacids, and aromatic acids, apparently bypassing specific steps in carbon assimilation pathways to perform energy-conserving secondary fermentations combined with CO2 fixation via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. Our study highlights the partitioning of Chloroflexota populations according to alternative electron acceptors and donors available at the sediment-water interface and below. Chloroflexota would have developed analogous primeval features due to oxygen fluctuations in ancient ferruginous ecosystems.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Dementia Risk Among a Population-Based Cohort: Quantifying the Role of a Broad Combination of Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Zhao Ze , Yin Xiaoxv , Xu Minzhi
Published: October 2024

Objectives

The complex associations of socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle with dementia are unclear. Our objective was to examine whether a broad combination of lifestyle factors mediates the associations of SES with incident dementia and the extent of interaction or joint relations of lifestyles and SES with dementia.

Methods

A total of 274,871 participants from the UK Biobank were included. SES was assessed using the Townsend Deprivation Index. A lifestyle index was created based on smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, social connections, sleep duration, diet, and sedentary behavior. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted. Mediation and interaction analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between lifestyles and SES in dementia.

Results

The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for when participants with low SES were compared with participants with high SES were 1.32 (1.22–1.42) for all-cause dementia, 1.25 (1.11–1.40) for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and 1.61 (1.37–1.90) for vascular dementia (VD). Lifestyles explained ≤7.8% of socioeconomic disparities in dementia. Unhealthy lifestyle categories were associated with a higher risk of dementia and its subtypes across all SES levels. The HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause dementia, AD, and VD comparing participants with low SES and the least healthy lifestyle versus those with high SES and the healthiest lifestyle were 1.82 (1.56–2.11), 1.51 (1.20–1.90), and 2.56 (1.81–3.61), respectively.

Discussion

Adhering to a healthy lifestyle may prevent dementia across all socioeconomic groups, but socioeconomic inequalities in dementia cannot be fully addressed by promoting healthy lifestyles alone. The social determinants of dementia need to be better addressed.
Filling the Accountability Gap: Misleading Conduct Law in Business and Human Rights
Authors: Hansen Lee , Pillay Renginee G
Published: October 2024

This article examines the use of misleading conduct law to challenge false or deceptive business claims about their human rights practices and impacts. It does so in the context of recent developments in the field of business and human rights including the introduction of non-financial reporting, disclosure and human rights due diligence that have seen an increase in business communications about their human rights impacts. The article uses the Protect, Respect and Remedy framework of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights to analyse the EU Directive on Unfair Commercial Practices (2005/29) and the Australian Consumer Law. Each prohibit misleading conduct by business. The article argues that, to differing extents, these legislations partially address the accountability gap that has emerged in the context of corporate human rights claims and practices.
Supply chain network equilibrium with outsourcing for fresh agricultural products under stochastic demands
Authors: Chen Pin-bo , Lin Gui-hua , Xu Weina , Zhu Xide
Published: October 2024

Accepted by: M. Zied Babai

This paper examines a supply chain network focusing on the distribution of fresh agricultural products, incorporating outsourcing and stochastic demands considerations. Initially, we establish a generalized Nash equilibrium model with stochastic demands among fresh produce firms. Subsequently, we transform this model into a mixed complementarity system using the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. Utilizing the Fischer–Burmeister function, we further convert the mixed complementarity system into a set of nonlinear equations, amenable to solution via GAMS software. We conduct numerical experiments and perform sensitivity analysis on key parameters. Our findings suggest that higher subsidy rates incentivize firms towards production outsourcing, particularly benefiting low-income farmers, thereby potentially increasing profits. Moreover, market fluctuations play a pivotal role in ensuring the stability and profitability of firms, with moderate fluctuations presenting opportunities for fresh enterprises to adapt, innovate and capitalize on evolving market conditions. These results offer valuable insights for effective management of fresh produce supply chains.
Asymptotically exact formulas for channel flows over liquid-infused surfaces
Authors: Rodriguez-Broadbent Henry , Miyoshi Hiroyuki , Crowdy Darren G
Published: October 2024

Analytical formulas are derived describing channel flows over liquid-infused surfaces. The formulas are explicit, asymptotically exact and readily evaluated; no numerical scheme beyond simple quadrature is needed to calculate the flows. The formulas are obtained using a three-stage asymptotic analysis under the assumptions that an array of aligned finite-length grooves on the lower wall of a channel are (i) slender, (ii) well separated from the upper channel wall and (iii) well separated from each other. Despite these apparently limiting assumptions it is found, by comparison with full numerical simulations, that the formulas give excellent approximations to the flow across a much broader range of operating conditions. Useful formulas for the hydrodynamic slip lengths of the liquid-infused surfaces are reported and tested against both numerical simulations and other approximate formulas appearing in the literature. The formulas are also expected to be useful in assessing the possibility of so-called shear-induced failure of liquid-infused surfaces.
A novel variable neighborhood descent algorithm for service restoration in radial electrical distribution networks
Authors: Puerta Gabriel F , Macedo Leonardo H , Soares João , Romero Rubén
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a variable neighborhood descent algorithm for the service restoration problem (SRP) in electrical distribution systems. The restoration problem appears when a permanent fault occurs in the system. The fault must be localized and isolated from the rest of the system. As a consequence of the isolation, the downstream area is de-energized and requires restoration. The variable neighborhood descent algorithm features its ability to solve the SRP for radial distribution systems and introduces a strategy that helps to deal with the system’s radiality. Tests are performed using a 53-node test system. The results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently solve the SRP in a distribution system, and as a deterministic algorithm, the results can be used to help nondeterministic algorithms.
Retrospective Observational Analysis of Computed Tomography Scans of Trauma Patients in Overseas Operations (SCANOPEX Study)
Authors: Ikni Laura , Valbousquet Laura , Dufour-Gaume Frederique , Potet Julien
Published: October 2024

Introduction

High-intensity conflicts are on Europe’s doorstep. The French expertise in the medical management of frontline casualties in overseas operations is well established. However, in the management of severe trauma, we lack data on the injuries identified by body scanners in the field. Understanding the associations between injury mechanisms and radiological lesions would enable us to anticipate medical and surgical management. To study this possible link, we collected and interpreted scanogaphic data and analyzed them according to lesion mechanisms, following the algorithm MARCH used to implement the concept of Damage Control Resuscitation, which includes life-saving measures to ensure that the wounded reach medical-surgical facilities alive.

Materials and methods

This retrospective monocentric study collected data from body scanners performed in overseas operations between June 2011 and September 2023. Inclusion criteria were to be French military personnel and to have undergone a whole-body scanner in a theater of overseas operations. Exclusion criteria were to have died before the scan, to be foreign, non-military and a minor. Of 164 available files, 96 were eligible, 1 patient declared aged 70 years was excluded, and 95 files were retained.

Results

In our population, 18% of injured patients had a spinal fracture. Compared with road traffic accident casualties, improvised explosive device casualties were the most severely injured patients arriving alive at computed tomography, with a relative risk of Injury Severity Score > 8 of 2.29 [1.09-4.80] (P = .019). Improvised explosive device casualties had a relative risk of airway injuries of 2.57 [1.03-6.39] (P = .030), injuries leading to functional impairment of 3.21 [1.17-8.82] (P =.013), injuries leading to infection of 2.14 [1.21-3.76] (P = .0045), and injuries leading to shock of 3.21 [0.96-10.70] (P = .039). Deep metal splinters were only found in the improvised explosive device group.

Conclusion

Preparing the medical corps to deal with war casualties is fundamental. Our study shows that it is essential to consider the mechanism of injury to understand the casualty better and predict potential injuries. In addition, the study of postmortem scans could greatly help analyze potentially avoidable deaths.