bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postmodern Discourse and its Semiosis
Authors: Hakobyan Kseniya , Šuler-Galos Jasmina
Published: March 2017

Symbolic representation is a specific, uniquely human form of objectification of the real world, a powerful means of communication activity of its reflectivity. Understanding of the phenomenon of sign representation, its modeling and the definition of the sign and its meaning depends on the sign language system and aspects of the language to be interpreted – dynamic or statistical, functional or structural aspects are taken as a basis. This article is an attempt to review the main components of the sign of the postmodern discourse.It should be noted that in modern science there is a tendency to revise the linguistic nature of the sign. Among all areas of linguistics there is a domination of the theoretical reflection, according to which all phenomena are regarded as the implementation of language text, discourse, narrative. Therefore, the full range of human culture is the sum of texts of the intertextuality. Consciousness also appears in the form of text that can be read by the relevant rules of grammar, or, by using the decryption of codes. Foreign linguists developed a new direction in science: the main emphasis is placed on the special role of the interpretation procedures and the importance of reading both cognitive and communicative signs, because any schematization of reality is a sign. The analysis of postmodern texts suggests that thought can not be just interpreted, but also disinterpreted in postmodern discourse. In these texts, the notion of the sign takes on a different, broader meaning than that of word mark. One of the important issues of semiotic analysis of postmodern discourse is to examine and identify the codes that exist to decipher all kinds of signs.Thus, in the context of our research the quite relevant question is to define the temporal signs (linguistic or non-linguistic) to be expressed in the postmodern discourse. As is known, the category of ‘time’ appears as a symbol of life / death, meaning as a cultural reality, and so forth. In modern linguistics it is assumed that postmodern text is regulated by a set of codes: the linguistic code of natural language, the literary code that defines the connectivity of the text, the genre code, and meta-language of a writer. In our view, the essence of postmodern discourse is a combination of mosaic codes, which include the following types of: linguistic, cultural, semiological, interactive, and metatextual codes.
Research on the Student-centered Learning in Mass Media Reading Course
Authors: Zheng Xue
Published: March 2017

With China’s impressive development in all fields, the need for all-round talents is becoming increasingly eminent. The society and our country demand that university students should not only be an expert in their own specialization, but also they be able to communicate cross cultures. Mass Media Reading course, as an integral part of the university English courses, is designed to serve that purpose. Through this course, students are supposed to broaden their minds and push forward the frontiers of knowledge by learning the culturally-loaded information embedded in the foreign news. They are also expected to sharpen their minds by exchanges of ideas and by comparing different perspectives. They are to hone their skills in English reading, speaking and translation through this course. The current course design is not successful in fulfilling all the purposes, and previous classroom performance shows the students are reluctant to receive new information and know the outside world through newspaper reading which they think is beyond their reach. However, studies and papers analyzing this issue are lacking. Therefore, research on how to improve students’ enthusiasm and motivation in this course should be conducted. This paper tries to shed some light on the modes of student-centered learning that arouse students’ interest in and enthusiasm for this course. Hopefully, this will be helpful to the teachers and students learning this course.
Pedaladas fiscais: discursos do jornal O Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Azevedo Livia Dias
Published: March 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão a respeito do ponto de tensão formado através dos discursos que são veiculados pelo jornal “O Estado de São Paulo” sobre as pedaladas fiscais. Estes diferentes discursos constroem realidades que reforçam ou refutam a necessidade de impeachment da presidente Dilma Rousseff. Para analisar os textos do jornal, utilizou-se Foucault (2005), Possenti (2009), Brandão (2012), Orlandi (2015), Maingueneau (2015), dentre outros, como principais referências teóricas e metodológicas em Análise do Discurso. É possível observar através da análise realizada que a linguagem presente nos textos do jornal não é transparente, objetiva e autoexplicativa. A linguagem está na fronteira, no cruzamento, no entre-lugar do dito e não dito, das intenções que refletem as ideologias, reflete também vontades, desejos e posicionamentos. É através da linguagem que os efeitos de sentido vão sendo construídos e reconstruídos, num jogo de mostrar e esconder para convencer.
Habermas e Ducrot: percursos da ética do discurso
Authors: Focas Júnia Diniz
Published: March 2017

Os conceitos de argumentação e de polifonia, desenvolvidos por Ducrot, são interpretados como um modo de ação social. É nesse eixo que a discussão empreendida pelo autor insere a ética discursiva filosófica no âmbito dos estudos do discurso, tão fundamental no mundo moderno. A descrição dos interlocutores, o locutor enquanto tal L e o locutor enquanto ser do mundo λ demarcam as posições enunciativas com seus respectivos estatutos sociais e morais. Tal princípio teórico fundamentará a constituição do ethos performativo, relativo ao locutor enquanto ser do mundo λ e ao locutor enquanto tal L, ambos constituintes do que definiremos como ethos ético, delimitados, respectivamente, no Princípio Universal (U) e no Discurso Prático (D), na terminologia de Habermas. Assim, será o Princípio de Universalização (U) que justifica as pretensões de retitude dos Discursos Práticos e reformula a dimensão objetiva para uma realidade intersubjetiva.
O Brasil na perspectiva "Del Otro": tweets jornalísticos sobre a votação para o impeachment de Dilma Rousseff
Authors: Firpo Beviláqua André , Dos Santos Kieling Helena , Costa Alan Ricardo
Published: March 2017

Este estudo versa sobre os tweets jornalísticos, sumariamente definidos como enunciados produzidos e veiculados na rede social Twitter em contas de empresas jornalísticas. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é analisar, em um corpus definido a partir de um tema e de um período específico, como dois jornais argentinos, Clarín e La Nación, vêm construindo tais enunciados para tratar de uma questão tão cara à política brasileira: o processo de impeachment contra Dilma Rousseff. Apesar de o estudo apresentar gráficos e tabelas para substanciar e organizar os tweets jornalísticos, a discussão não se dá apenas em um viés quantitativo, pois os dados apresentados são discutidos qualitativamente. Os resultados indicam que os tweets jornalísticos hibridizam potencialidades técnicas do Twitter e características da linguagem jornalística. Além disso, a pesquisa avança ao mostrar como as imagens vêm constituindo importantes elementos para a construção do sentido sobre tais enunciados.
30 de setembro, dia da secretária: análise discursivo-imagético-textual de publicidade on-line da UNIMED Araraquara
Authors: Reis Ana Carolina Gonçalves , Fonseca Anna Clara Arcanjo
Published: March 2017

Este estudo apresenta uma análise discursivo-imagético-textual de uma publicidade on-line veiculada no Dia da Secretária – 30 de setembro – de 2011 pela “Unimed Araraquara”. Como aporte teórico-metodológico, valemo-nos da Teoria Semiolinguística (CHARAUDEAU, 2008b). Nosso intento foi identificar os imaginários sociodiscursivos (CHARAUDEAU, 2008a; REIS, 2012) construídos acerca da profissão e do profissional da área secretarial e verificar se coadunavam ou iam de encontro aos usualmente averiguados na sociedade. Identificamos, pois, uma dualidade de imaginários: alguns, socialmente cristalizados, como no que tange ao gênero (feminino) e à não diferenciação das profissões de secretariado e secretariado executivo, foram observados; mas, por outro lado, foi curioso constatar também uma veiculação de imaginários da profissão ancorados na Lei 9261/96, relacionados aos saberes de conhecimento, tais como os concernentes à assistência e ao assessoramento a executivos, por exemplo.
Prolegômenos à análise da argumentação visual
Authors: Roque Georges
Published: March 2017

Com base na teoria perelmaniana da argumentação, este trabalho apresenta uma reflexão acerca das condições de uma análise da argumentação das imagens, diferentemente de uma retórica das imagens, procurando responder (1) se a imagem busca mais a persuadir do que a convencer e (2) se a possibilidade de uma argumentação visual é muito limitada, considerando que é impossível representar graficamente uma inferência lógica. Assim, essa reflexão conduz, primeiramente, à defesa da legitimidade de uma abordagem argumentativa da imagem e, posteriormente, à sugestão de uma proposta metodológica para abordagem da argumentação visual. Ao conceber a argumentação não em termos de inferências ou de silogismo, propõe-se que é possível compreender os mecanismos argumentativos dos enunciados visuais. Então, inspirando-se na Teoria da Argumentação na Língua, de Anscombre & Ducrot, indica como transpor para a imagem a estrutura argumentativa tal como a concebem Anscombre & Ducrot. Por fim, examina uma gravura de Leopoldo Mendéz, La protesta, para mostrar como é possível explorar certos topoi em vez de outros, num determinado projeto de persuasão.
Os desafios das posturas enunciativas e de sua utilização em didática
Authors: Rabatel Alain
Published: March 2017

Esse artigo faz um balanço sobre a questão das posturas enunciativas. Ele começa distinguindo a coenunciação da colocução e define as posturas a partir do papel dos enunciadores na coconstrução dos pontos de vista: a coenunciação corresponde à coconstrução pelos locutores de um ponto de vista comum, que os engaja enquanto enunciadores. A super-enunciação é definida como a coconstrução desigual de um ponto de vista dominante e a sub-enunciação consiste na coconstrução desigual de um ponto de vista dominado. Essas três posturas permitem dar conta mais detalhadamente dos continuum entre consenso e dissenso, articulando a construção do dizer, ao longo do discurso, com as dimensões cognitivas e interacionais, cujos traços é possível encontrar pela análise da enunciação e da referenciação. A segunda parte apresenta o quadro teórico enunciativo das posturas, cruzando uma concepção ampliada da enunciação (incipiente em Benveniste), a disjunção locutor/enunciador de Ducrot e as teorias da interação. A terceira parte apresenta uma genealogia das posturas, por meio da análise de situações interacionais e polissemióticas complexas. A quarta parte propõe uma análise inédita de um corpus de iniciação a uma língua estrangeira na escola primária. Por fim, o artigo conclui sobre a pertinência de se levar em conta as posturas no estudo dos conceitos didáticos de contrato didático e de partilha, ligados à cronogênese e à topogênese.
Prevalence and Extrinsic Risk Factors for Dental Erosion in Adolescents
Authors: Mafla Ana C , Cerón-Bastidas Ximena A , Munoz-Ceballos Maria E , Vallejo-Bravo Diana C , Fajardo-Santacruz Maria C
Published: March 2017

Objective: This manuscript examined the prevalence and extrinsic risk factors for dental erosion (DE) in early and middle adolescents in Pasto, Colombia. Study design: Dental erosion was evaluated in a random sample of 384 individuals aged 10–15 years attending three primary and high schools in this cross-sectional study. Clinical dental assessment for DE was done using O'Sullivan index. Data on general sociodemographic variables and extrinsic risks factors were obtained. Descriptive and univariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Dental erosion was observed in 57.3% of individuals. The univariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that frequency of drinking natural fruit juices (OR 2.670, 95% CI 1.346 – 5.295, P=0.004) and their pH (OR 2.303, 95% CI 1.292 – 4.107, P=0.004) were more associated with the odd of DE in early adolescence. However, a high SES (OR 10.360, 95% CI 3.700 – 29.010, P<0.001) and frequency of snacks with artificial lemon taste (OR 3.659, 95% CI 1.506 – 8.891, P=0.003) were highly associated with the risk of DE in middle adolescence. Conclusions: The results suggest that DE is a prevalent condition in adolescents living in a city in southern Colombia. The transition from early to middle adolescence implies new bio-psychosocial changes, which increase the risk for DE.
Effect of Children's Drinks on Color Stability of Different Dental Composites: An in vitro Study
Authors: Habib Ahmed Nour El-din Ahmed , Abdelmoniem Soad Abdelmoniem , Mahmoud Sara Ahmed
Published: March 2017

Aim: To assess the effect of four different children's drinks on color stability of resin dental composites. Study design: A total of one hundred and twenty specimens were prepared from Grandio SO, Filtek Z350 XT and Filtek Z250 XT (forty specimens each). Specimens were thermocycled, then each group was further subdivided into four subgroups (n=10) according to the immersion media which were chocolate milk, mango juice, orange fizzy drink, and water (control). The initial color parameters of each specimen were recorded before immersion (baseline) and color change values were recorded three and seven days after immersion in each solution using a digital spectrophotometer. Atomic force microscope was used to measure the surface roughness in randomly selected samples after one week immersion in children's drinks. Results: All the children's drinks produced color changes in the examined resin dental composites, yet there was no statistical significant difference between the effects of tested drinks on the color changes (mean ΔE) of the three different dental composites (P>0.05). Conclusions: All tested children's drinks caused clinically unacceptable color changes of the tested resin dental composites. Immersion in chocolate milk and orange fizzy led to the highest color changes in the tested resin dental composites.
Oral Health Assessment of a Group of Children with Autism Disorder
Authors: Morales-Chávez Mariana C.
Published: March 2017

Objective: The aim of this research was to determine the oral status of a group of children with autism. Study design: An observational transversal study was carried out in 96 pediatric patients between the ages of 2 and 16 years old with a diagnosis of autism. The patients were assessed to determine the presence of caries with Index Caries (WHO criteria) and debris and calculus with the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, as well as the type of diet they followed. Results: It was established that 41.7% of the patients had caries, with the result of an index of DMFT= 0.96 and dmft =2.41. In terms of the periodontal health 59.4% suffered from calculus. The OHI-S was 3.4. Conclusions: Children with autism exhibited a higher caries prevalence in primary teeth than in permanents. They also presented poor hygiene and an extensive presence of calculus.
Plasma Level Formaldehyde in Children Receiving Pulpotomy Treatment under General Anesthesia
Authors: Bagrizan Majid , Pourgolshani Pouya , Hosseinpour Sepanta , Jalalpour Golnoush , Shahrestani Mostafa Zahmatkesh
Published: March 2017

Objectives: Formocresol has long been used by dentists for pulpotomy of primary teeth. Due to some concerns regarding its possible carcinogenicity, formocresol has been the topic of numerous studies. This study sought to assess the changes in plasma level of formaldehyde of children after receiving pulpotomy under general anesthesia. Study design: Twenty-five children between 2–6 years requiring dental treatments under general anesthesia were studied. Blood samples were taken of children before and after the procedure. Plasma level of formaldehyde was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: A total of 106 pulpotomy treatments were performed in 25 children using 126 cotton pellets dipped in formocresol. An increase and a decrease in plasma level of formaldehyde were noted in 5 (20%) and 20 (80%) children, respectively post-operatively compared to baseline. The t-test showed no significant difference in plasma level of formaldehyde pre- and postoperatively (P=0.12). the plasma level of formaldehyde in children who had higher levels of formaldehyde prior to the operation was also higher than that of others after the operation and this association was statistically significant (P=0.001, r=0.64). Conclusions: The results showed no significant change in the mean plasma level of formaldehyde in children who received pulpotomy under general anesthesia compared to its baseline value.
Правовые ценности культур и современные процессы регионализации
Authors: Погорлецкая Ирина Ивановна
Published: March 2017

В статье раскрываются особенности правовых ценностей западной, азиатской и мусульманской правовых культур, а также связанные с ними происходящие процессы регионализации.

Статья подготовлена на основе доклада автора на XIII Международной научной конференции «Высшее образование для XXI века» (8–10 декабря 2016 г., Московский гуманитарный университет).
Фотовыставка как элемент event-маркетинга
Authors: Лутохина Анна Игоревна
Published: March 2017

В статье представлен анализ фотовыставка как элемента event-маркетинга (событийного маркетинга). Представлены как достоинства, так и недостатки виртуальной фотовыставки.
Гуманистический подход к воспитанию детей в дошкольном учреждении и практическая психология в действии
Authors: Проненко Екатерина Юрьевна
Published: March 2017

В статье рассмотрены проблемы, возникающие при неправильном антигуманном подходе к воспитанию детей дошкольного возраста в детском саду и его травматизирующее воздействие на развитие ребенка, его психологическое состояние. 
Престарелые люди и психологическое благополучие в старческом возрасте в социальных представлениях разных групп общества
Authors: Зинина Анна Александровна
Published: March 2017

В статье представлен анализ социальных представлений о престарелом человеке и его психологическом благополучии. Акцент сделан на атрибутировании ответственности за психологическое благополучие в старости.
Статья подготовлена на основе доклада автора на XIII Международной научной конференции «Высшее образование для XXI века» (8–10 декабря 2016 г. в Московском гуманитарном университете).
Análise das motivações e influências ambientais na realização de investimentos externos diretos de empresas alemãs no Brasil
Authors: Nunes Moema Pereira , Kuntzler Henrique Schaedler , Steinbruch Fernanda Kalil
Published: March 2017

O movimento das multinacionais para a internacionalização foi percebido como um processo de avanço das estratégias empresariais de globalização e competição nos mercados. Tendo em vista a representatividade do Brasil como ambiente de atração de investimentos de empresas alemãs e sua participação no ambiente de negócios brasileiro, é relevante compreender de que forma o contexto local influencia o processo de internacionalização. Este artigo investiga as motivações das empresas alemãs para a realização de Investimento Externo Direto (IED) no Brasil e as influências do contexto local neste processo de internacionalização. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa exploratória, o processo de internacionalização de cinco multinacionais alemãs foi investigado. Verificou-se que a convergência de interesses dos países tem motivado e influenciado a realização de IEDs. O governo alemão forneceu incentivos para a internacionalização de empresas, ao passo que o mercado brasileiro apresentava potencial de crescimento e atraentes características sociais, culturais e tecnológicas para o investimento. Este processo sofre mais influências de fatores associados ao ambiente germânico, ou mesmo global, do que do ambiente brasileiro, muito embora as motivações para o início do IED sejam influenciadas em grande parte pelas características do mercado brasileiro.
Análisis de la difusión de estrategias de enseñanza en la acción en un curso de administración en Brasil
Authors: Lima Thales Batista de , Silva Anielson Barbosa da
Published: March 2017

Este documento analiza la difusión de la enseñanza de estrategias en la acción en un curso de administración en Brasil. El estudio utiliza los supuestos de la teoría del aprendizaje en acción y utiliza un enfoque cualitativo, a partir de un análisis interpretativo y exhaustivo de los datos y se realizó con los profesores del curso de administración que enseñan asignaturas vocacionales. Los resultados revelan las dificultades de los profesores para la difusión de estrategias de enseñanza activa y factores limitantes indican el uso de tales estrategias en la enseñanza. Se concluye que los profesores entrevistados no utilizan estrategias de enseñanza en acción en virtud de algunos factores limitantes e indican los determinantes que contribuyen a la difusión de tales estrategias en la enseñanza de la administración.
INVESTIGATION OF ESSENTIAL MICRONUTRIENTS LEVELS IN VARIOUS LATERITE SOILS FROM KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
Authors: Aekis T. Ajantha , Indirani B
Published: March 2017

PurposeIn the present study, the levels of some essential micronutrients (Fe, Co, Zn and Cu) were determined in the laterite soils located in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu. The aim of the present work is to assess the levels of micronutrients like Iron, Copper, Zinc and Cobalt in soils and analyze the aptness of the soil for crop production.MethodologyThe soils were processed and analyzed for these metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Findings:The results showed that the levels of Fe were higher (146.98mg/kg) in soils obtained from Munchirai(S1). This trend was followed by Cu with the highest amount (25.65mg/kg) determine at Melpuram(S2). Similarly, Zn and Co had their highest levels (96.76 mg/kg Zn, 21.08 mg/kg Co) in soils obtained from Thuckalay(S5) and Melpuram(S2) respectively.ImplicationsThese study revealed that the accumulation of these micronutrients depended not only on the availability of these metals in the five stations but also on other factors which were not considered in the study.OriginalityThe study was done in the Department of Chemistry, Sree Devi Kumari Women’s College, Kuzhithurai, TN, India
The Global Resource for Online Evidence-Based Veterinary Medicine Learning
Authors: Reyher Kristen
Published: March 2017

To help make EBVM accessible to the veterinary profession worldwide, we assembled an extensive international team (the EBVM Learning Consortium) with a collective passion for delivering high-quality teaching of EBVM and developed an open access, online resource: ebvmlearning.org. This coherent web tutorial was designed to introduce learners to the key concepts of EBVM and was launched at the RCVS Knowledge EBVM Skills Day on October 30, 2015.

The resource, funded by the RCVS Knowledge Target Grants initiative, begins with an introductory module - the ABCs of EBVM - and is then organised into modules addressing the five key areas of EBVM:

1) Ask - how to formulate answerable questions

2) Acquire - how to obtain relevant information

3) Appraise - how to evaluate the available evidence

4) Apply - how to apply the evidence to clinical practice

5) Assess - how to measure the effect of any implemented changes

The tool has been created by marrying engaging content with accessible and usable technical design in order to encourage and facilitate re-use in a wide variety of familiar and unexpected settings as well as a number of platforms and devices. The resource will be appropriate for students and practitioners for self-study, and is also envisaged to be used in whole or in part as standalone teaching modules to support other EBVM teaching. The resource utilises best pedagogical approaches, and includes formative multiple choice questions, short tasks and recommendations for further study. It is intended to be a base of knowledge bringing together the basics of EBVM into one place, and highlights numerous other links to resources and organisations that are available to further learners’ knowledge about the subject. Development of the resource followed an iterative cycle which included review by both the core team as well as other identified stakeholders (e.g. students, practitioners, industry representatives).

It is hoped that the development of this resource will increase awareness of EBVM in the veterinary profession and allow practitioners the opportunity to develop the skills needed to utilise EBVM in everyday clinical practice. Future aims of the project team include designing methods of cataloguing and disseminating evidence syntheses to support clinical decision-making and evidence-based veterinary practice, improving and standardising the teaching of EBVM to undergraduate and postgraduate students at veterinary schools internationally, and building a community of practice in this area.

 
IMPLANTAÇÃO DA TEORIA DAS RESTRIÇÕES (TOC) ATRAVÉS DA ÁRVORE DE REALIDADE ATUAL (ARA): Estudo de Caso em uma Unidade Fabril da Indústria Metalúrgica
Authors: López Rodrigo Javier Sólla , Grasel Dirceu
Published: March 2017

Este é um estudo de caso de uma unidade fabril da indústria metalúrgica que se vê obrigada a adotar estratégias de redução de custos e de diferenciação de forma simultânea, devido a um cenário de aumento de concorrência no âmbito global. A diminuição da participação no mercado e de seus resultados financeiros provocou um aumento do índice de rejeição de qualidade interna a níveis superiores a 50%. Com sua limitação de recursos humanos e financeiros, a empresa X está mergulhada em inúmeros problemas e necessita de alguma forma mapeá-los e elaborar um plano de implementação que a leve a maximizar seus resultados a curto e médio prazos. O trabalho propõe-se em primeiro lugar a realizar um Diagnóstico da Situação Atual através da utilização de uma ferramenta denominada Current Reality Tree ou Árvore de Realidade Atual (ARA) provinda dos Processos de Raciocínio (PR’s) da Theory of Constrains (TOC) ou Teoria das Restrições. Num segundo momento, a elaborar um plano de implementação que priorize a tratativa dos Efeitos Indesejáveis (EI’s), o que levará a empresa X a obter um aumento de competitividade. O trabalho além do Diagnóstico da Situação Atual através da ARA e da realização de um Plano de Implementação, logrou o fortalecimento de uma cultura de melhoria contínua dos processos dentro da companhia, que deve se perpetuar para fazer frente a futuros desafios necessários para o constante aumento de competitividade exigidos pelas forças de mercado para a empresa X.
Avaliando a (Des)igualdade de Gênero e a Vitimização
Authors: Silva Cristiane , Godoy Márcia Regina
Published: March 2017

Resumo: Objetivo: identificar os determinantes individuais da vitimização, por gênero, no Brasil, a partir de uma abordagem econométrica. Na análise dos determinantes da vitimização no Brasil foram utilizados dados de duas pesquisas realizadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE nas quais foram entrevistadas quase 800 mil pessoas de todo o país. Métodos: foram estimados modelos de regressão Probit para encontrar os determinantes da vitimização para homens e mulheres, e da propensão de uma vítima relatar às autoridades judiciárias a ocorrência da violência ou crime.
On contractivity-preserving 2- and 3-step predictor-corrector series for ODEs
Authors: Nguyen-Ba Truong , Alzahrani Abdulrahman , Giordano Thierry , Vaillancourt Remi
Published: March 2017

New optimal, contractivity-preserving (CP), \(d\)-derivative, 2- and 3-step, predictor-corrector,  Hermite-Birkhoff-Obrechkoff series methods, denoted by \(HBO(d,k,p)\), \(k=2,3\), with  nonnegative coefficients are constructed  for solving nonstiff first-order initial value problems \(y'=f(t,y)\), \(y(t_0)=y_0\).  The upper bounds \(p_u\) of order \(p\) of \(HBO(d,k,p)\), \(k=2,3\) methods are approximately 1.4 and 1.6 times the number  of derivatives \(d\), respectively.  Their stability regions have generally  a good shape and grow with decreasing \(p-d\).  Two selected CP HBO methods: 9-derivative 2-step HBO of order 13, denoted by HBO(9,2,13),  which has maximum order 13 based on the CP conditions, and  8-derivative 3-step HBO of order 14, denoted by HBO(8,3,14), compare well  with Adams-Cowell of order 13 in PECE mode, denoted by AC(13),  in solving standard N-body problems over an interval of 1000 periods  on the basis of the relative error of energy as a function of the CPU time.  They also compare well with AC(13) in solving standard N-body problems on the basis of the growth of relative error of energy and 10000 periods of integration.  The coefficients of selected HBO methods are listed in the  appendix.
Effect of Constitutive Equations on Prediction Accuracy for Springback in Cold Stamping of TRIP1180
Authors: Seo Ki-Young , Kim Jae-Hong , Lee Hyun-Seok , Kim Ji Hoon , Kim Byung-Min
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of constitutive equations on the prediction accuracy for springback in cold stamping with various deformation modes. In this study, two types of yield functions—Hill’48 and Yld2000-2d—were considered to describe yield behavior. Isotropic and kinematic hardening models based on the Yoshida–Uemori model were also adopted to describe hardening behavior. Various material tests (such as uniaxial tension, tension- compression, loading-unloading, and hydraulic bulging tests) were carried out to determine the material parameters of the models. The obtained parameters were implemented in the finite element (FE) simulation to predict springback, and the results were compared with experimental data. U-bending and T-shape drawing were employed to evaluate the springback prediction accuracy. Obviously, the springback prediction accuracy was greatly influenced by constitutive equations. Therefore, it is important to choose appropriate constitutive equations for accurate description of material behaviors in FE simulation.
Oral Mucositis: Melatonin Gel an Effective New Treatment
Authors: Abdel-Moneim Ahmed E , Guerra-Librero Ana , Florido Javier , Shen Ying-Qiang , Fernández-Gil Beatriz , Acuña-Castroviejo Darío , Escames Germaine
Published: March 2017

The current treatment for cervico-facial cancer involves radio and/or chemotherapy. Unfortunately, cancer therapies can lead to local and systemic complications such as mucositis, which is the most common dose-dependent complication in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. Mucositis can cause a considerably reduced quality of life in cancer patients already suffering from physical and psychological exhaustion. However, melatonin, whose role in the treatment of mucositis has recently been investigated, offers an effective alternative therapy in the prevention and/or management of radio and/or chemotherapy-induced mucositis. This review focuses on the pathobiology and management of mucositis in order to improve the quality of cancer patients’ lives.
Ag/MgAl2O4nanoparticles Prepared by a Modified Hydrothermal for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Zhu Zhengru , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Weirong
Published: March 2017

In the present work report, the MgAl2O4and the Ag/MgAl2O4 samples were successfully synthesized by the modified hydrothermal and the isovolumetric impregnation methods, respectively. The structural properties of the prepared samples were systematically characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, DRS, XPS and et al techniques. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by the Ag/MgAl2O4 and MgAl2O4 samples was comparatively studied under UV lamp irradiation. The results revealed that the prepared Ag/MgAl2O4 (pH=6) samples were the most active among the samples in photocatalytic of methylene blue. Under UV lamp irradiation, the Ag/MgAl2O4 (pH=6) photodegradation of methylene blue reached to 89.6% within 120 min. And the Ag/MgAl2O4 (pH=6) complex photocatalysts displayed a high photochemical stability under repeated irradiation. Repeated irradiate the Ag/MgAl2O4 (pH=6) compound, which indicated it had a high photochemical stability.
Effect of PEG-2000 on saturation magnetization Fe3O4 particles synthesized with coprecipitation method
Authors: Puryanti Dwi , Andani Dori , Thressia Merry
Published: March 2017

Synthesis of Fe3O4 particles was performed using coprecipitation method. Iron sand base material obtained by processing the iron rocks by means of destruction and extraction. Iron rocks were taken from the village Surian, South Solok of West Sumatera. Iron sand that has been extracted reacted with HCL and NH4OH. Furthermore, the PEG-2000 were added to see its effect on the resulting magnetization saturation. Variations in the composition ratio of iron sand and PEG-2000 are 1:0, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4. The crystal structure of the sample was confirm using x-ray diffraction method. Characterization of magnetic properties carried out using vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The results of magnetic properties show that the saturation magnetization decreases with increasing of PEG-2000 content in the range of 99.50emu/g - 0,84 emu/g.
Implementation method experiments on student results on substances being material and its amendment in class VII SMP Negeri 22
Authors: Trisianawati Eka , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Beniwati Lusi
Published: March 2017

The aims of this research were to know: (1) the average student learning outcomes in states of matter and changes the material that is taught by an experimental method in class VII SMP Negeri 22 Pontianak; (2) the average student laerning outcomes in states of matter and changes the material that is taught by  conventional method in class VII SMP Negeri 22 Pontianak; (3) the average difference in student learning outcomes given the experimental method to the average student learning outcomes given conventional methods in states of matter and changes the material in class VII SMP Negeri 22 Pontianak . This research was a quasi-experimental design with Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The study population was all students of class VII SMP Negeri 22 Pontianak which consists of five classes, namely class VII A, VII B, VII C, VII D and E VII academic year 2015/2016, with a sampling technique that cluster random sampling. Based on the results of class VII A by Not set" href="#43308853"> lottery was chosen as an experimental class and class VII D as the control class. The data collection technique used is the technique of measurement. Data collection tool used is a form of essay test. The hypothesis was tested using the t-test. Based on the results of data analysis can be concluded that: (1) the average student learning outcomes in states of matter and changes the material that is taught by an experimental method in class VII SMP Negeri 22 Pontianak is 64.96, (2) the average student learning outcomes in material states of matter and the changes that are taught by conventional methods in class VII SMP Negeri 22 Pontianak is 49.85, and (3) there are differences in the average student learning outcomes given the experimental method to the average student learning outcomes given in the conventional method material phase transition and changes in class VII SMP Negeri 22 Pontianak.
Analysis of Speech-Sign Semantic Equivalence in Simultaneous Communication in Kenya
Authors: Oracha Adoyo Peter
Published: March 2017

Effective communication between teacher and pupil is a requisite factor for educational attainment. For the deaf, ineffective communication is a major problem especially when onset of profound deafness takes places at an early age before language is acquired. At school, the language of classroom communication not only affects the child’s development but also influences ability to learn other curriculum contents. Pointing out reasons for failure by deaf children to compete favorably with their hearing peers, Johnson et al (1989) has indicated that the central problem on deaf education is embedded in the lack of an appropriate language of classroom communication. 

For a long time education for the deaf was conducted through the oral approach. It was later realized that this oral approach did not avail curriculum content to the deaf learners. In the 1980’s Total Communication arose as one of the solutions. According to Adoyo (2004), Total Communication was misunderstood for Simultaneous Communication, a communication system in which speech and sign are produced at the same time (Lane, Hoffmister & Bahan, 1996).  Although SC has been used in Kenya for all these years, it has not produced the predicated large-scale improvement. 

In this study, an attempt was made to establish the capacity of SC to enhance understanding and to facilitate information processing. The investigation was carried out through an examination of the extent to which the spoken and signed messages were equivalent in meaning. The research question was: To what extent do teachers of the deaf maintain one-one, sign to-voice ratio during Simultaneous Communication transmission and to what degree is the spoken and signed message equivalent semantically?
Business Responsibility Reports- A Case Study of ITC Ltd.
Authors: Kashyap Ankita
Published: March 2017

The paper focuses on the various National/ international guidelines that exist globally on Corporate Social Responsible Behaviour. These guidelines include National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Economic and Environmental Responsibility (NVGs), ISO 26000, GRI G3.1 Sustainability Guidelines, AccountAbility’s AA 1000 Standards and UN Global Compact. The author has tried to compare the above mentioned guidelines in order to find out the additional elements that should be included in Business Responsibility Reports to make disclosures and reporting on CSR more comprehensive.

The Business Responsibility Report of ITC Ltd. is studied and analyzed to find out the missing elements in its disclosures. The study specifically analyses the disclosures made by the company with respect to Principle 2, 4 and 9 of National Voluntary Guidelines. I have tried to analyse the disclosure made by the company on the basis of these five parameters 1) Disaggregated information 2) Sustainability quantification 3) Stakeholder engagement 4) customer engagement and 5) Consumer satisfaction.

This paper tries to find out the quality of disclosures made by ITC Ltd. in its BRR with respect to social, economic and environmental responsibilities. The main aim of the paper is to analyze the effect of social responsibility practices on different stakeholders. Does the BRR submitted by the companies as part of their Annual Reports really lead to value creation for the stakeholders? Or the reports try to create only a façade of their social responsibility practices to deceive the stakeholders? We try to lift this veil behind their reporting practices to find out their actual social behavior.
Teologi Persuasif Ayat-Ayat Makkiyah; Sebuah Tafsir Relasi Umat Beragama
Authors: Muhtador Moh
Published: March 2017

Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir konflik antara agama di Indonesia kembali muncul  setelah  lama  tidak  terdengar  dan  sunyi  dari  pemberitaan  media.  Kasus terakhir yang mendapat perhatian nasional ialah pembakanran masjid di Tolikara Papua yang terjadi pada 23 juli 2015. Agama sebagai sebuah keyakinan merupakan hal sensifit bagi pemeluknya, membincangkan agama sama halnya berbicara tentang Tuhan. Seorang pemeluk agama tertentu berani mengambil resiko ketika agama yang diyakini  dilecehkan.  Pada  posisi  tersebut  keagamaan  seorang  menjadi  superior dengan resiko yang melekat. Oleh sebab itu, beragama tidak cukup hanya mendahulukan fanatisme, tetapi dalam beragama seorang dituntut juga untuk memahami ajaran yang terkandung dalam kita suci agama. Dengan demikian, memahami dan mengaplikasikan nilai Qurani bagi umat Islam adalah sebauh keniscayaan. Sejarah telah mencatat adanya toleransi beragama yang terkandung dalam  ayat-ayat   makkiyah.   Dengan   bahasa   yang   mudah  dipahami,   ayat-ayat makkiyah telah mengajarkan umat Islam tentang relasi beragama serta menghormati agama lain tanpa harus memaksa dan menimbulkan konflik dalam beragama. Ajaran yang selama ini dipandang oleh sebagian muslim sebagai kelemahan umat  Islam awal, tetapi kandungan ayat-ayat Makkiyah cendrung menarasikan tentang universalitas ajaran Islam.

Penulis menyadari bahwa tulisan tentang ayat-ayat makkiyah telah banyak yang meneliti dan mengkaji. Ayat makkiyah telah lama dikaji oleh ulama-ulama terdahulu dan sampai sekarang, namun kecendrungan kajian yang berkembangan tentang ayat makkiyah cendrung bersifat teknisi yang bersifat Ulum al-Quran dan kurang melihat aspek sosio-histori. Dengan demikian, pada posisi tersebut penulis mencoba  untuk  mengisi  kekosongan  wacana  tentang  ayat  Makkiyah  kaitannya dengan relasi umat beragama dengan pendekatan sosial-histori. Sehingga besar harapan tulisan tersebut tidak hanya membaca ayat makkiyah secara teknisi ulum al- Quran tetapi juga memuat analisa sosio-keagamaan.

Pendekatan      sosial-histori       dengan      menganalisa      keagamaan      yang
berkembangan pada saat turunnya ayat makkiyah memberikan gambaran, bahwa ayat makkiyah mempunyai tiga pesan pokok terkait dengan relasi agama. Pertama, ajaran tentang toleransi beragama, kedua, kemanusiaan, dan ketiga relasi antara umat beragama. Ketiga hal tersebut adalah ajaran umum yang terdapat dalam ayat makkiyah, beragamanya redaksi dan ungkapan tentang ketuhanan dan kemanusiaan yang terdapat pada ayat makkiyah memberikan indikasi, bahwa ayat makkiyah adalah ayat yang mengajarkan tentang kerukunan umat beragama.
Effect of vydate gill histology in female mosquito fish Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard)
Authors: Saber Zainab M. , Haba Mukhtar K.
Published: March 2017

This study aimed to identify the histological changes of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) exposed to vydate pesticide. (48) female fishes were collected from local markets and also from the stream that surround Baghdad university campus at Al-jadyria, fishes divided into (4) groups and each group consist of 12 fish: T1(exposed to 0.0000001 mg/L),T2 (exposed to 0.0000002 mg/L ) and T3 (exposed to 0.000001 mg /L) of vydate pesticide for (8) weeks. As well as a control group. Fishes were dissected for histological preparations after each (2,4,6,8) weeks of exposure time. Gills were fixed by Bouin’s fluid and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Histological study showed that the structure of gill in a control group consists of primary and secondary gill lamellae appeared parallel and oblique. The secondary gill lamellae lined with squamous epithelial and pillar cells, and each secondary lamellae have capillary derived from blood vessel in primary lamellae, chlorid cells and few mucous cells found between secondary lamellae. The histological alterations in gills included hyperplasia of chloride cells, congestion of blood vessels, lamellar disarray, lifting of epithelial cells, Oedema, fusion of adjacent secondary lamella and Aneurysm. Results concluded that vydate had a vicious effect on gills and caused severe histological alterations such as hyperplasia of chloride cells and simple alterations such as lamellar disarray, and also these histological changes commensurate direct proportion with concentrations were used in this study.
Screening of Epiphytic Algae on the Aquatic Plant Phragmites australis inhabiting Tigris River in Al-Jadria Site, Baghdad, Iraq
Authors: Hassany Jinan S. Al , Bayaty Hind E. Al
Published: March 2017

The present work included qualitative study of epiphytic algae on dead and living stems, leaves of the aquatic plant Phragmitesaustralis Trin ex Stand, in Tigris River in AL- Jadria Site in Baghdad during Autumn 2014, Winter 2015, Spring 2015, and Summer 2015. The physical and chemical parameters of River’s water were studied (water temperature, pH, electric conductivity, Salinity, TSS, TDS, turbidity, light intensity, dissolve oxygen, BOD5, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium and plant nutrient). A total of 142 isolates of epiphytic algae were identified. Diatoms were dominant by 117 isolates followed by Cyanobacteria (13isolates), Chlorophyta (11 isolates) and Rhodophyta (1 isolate), Variations in the isolates number were recorded on different parts of macrophyte host as well as, indifferent seasons. Eight new algal isolates (Achnanthesexigue var. heterovalvata Krasske, Navicula exilissima Grunow, Navicula falaisiensis var lanceola Grunow, Navicula microcephalo Grunow, Pleurosigma obscurum W. Smith, Stauroneis amphioxys var. amphioxys Gregory, Stenopterobia intermedia Lewis and Audouinella hermannii Roth).were identified as new records.
Positive and Negative Aspects of Copaxone ( Glatiramer acetate) Action on TC, TG HbA1c and Iron Levels in The Sera of Iraqi Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Baghdad
Authors: Jasim Rasha Zuhair
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study is to highlight the role of total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), Glycated hemoglobin A1c and iron in Iraqi women with multiple sclerosis and also to examine the biochemical action of copaxone (which is the most widely used in the 21st century to treat multiple sclerosis) on these biochemical parameters. This is the first study in Iraq which deals copaxone action on TC , TG , HbA1c and iron. Ninety women in their fourth decade suffering from multiple sclerosis were enrolled in this study. They were divided into: the first (group B) composed of (30) women without any treatment related to multiple sclerosis or any treatment linked with chronic or inflammatory diseases. The second (group A1) included (30) women under treatment with copaxone for 1 year, whereas the third group (group A2) involved (30) women under treatment with copaxone for 2 years. Patients groups were compared with a healthy control group (group C) composed of (30) healthy women, TC, TG, HbA1c and iron levels were determined in the sera of patients and control groups. Results of the present study has revealed that TC was high significantly increasing in the sera of group B (250.68±9.76) mg/dl compared with group C (175.36±8.81) mg/dl, while it was high significantly decreasing in the sera of groups A1 (211.88±5.90) mg/dl and A2 (212.12±5.60) mg/dL compared with group B (250.68±9.76) mg/dl. Beside, a non-significant difference was suggested between groups A1 (211.88±5.90) mg/dl and A2 (212.12±5.60) mg/dl. The present study also reported that TG was high significantly increasing in group B (224.84±10.76) mg / dl compared with group C (131.36±7.53) mg/dL whereas a significant decrease was shown in group A1(142.48±4.63) mg/dl and group A2 (195±4.20) mg/dl compared with group B (224.84±10.76) mg / dl. Surprisingly, a highly significant increase was reported in group A2 (195±4.20) mg/dl compared with group A1(142.48±4.63) mg/dl. The present study also suggested that HbA1c level was high significantly increasing in the sera of group B (6.53±0.57) mg/dl compared with group C (4.99±0.07) mg/dl. Oppositely, it was high significantly decreasing in the sera of groups A1 (4.72±0.42) mg/dl and A2 (4.53±0.35) mg/dl compared with group B (6.53±0.57) mg/dl. Futhermore, a non-significant difference was noted between groups A1 (4.72±0.42) mg/dl and A2 (4.53±0.35) mg/dl. This study also reported that iron level was high significantly decreasing in the sera of group B (37.31±4.24) µg / dl compared with group C (98.23±9.21) µg/ dl, whereas it was significantly increasing in the sera of groups A1 (44.05±6.32) µg/dl and A2 (45.31±6.82) µg/dl compared with group B (37.31±4.24) µg/dl . A non significant difference was shown between groups A1 (44.05±6.32) µg / dl and A2 (45.31±6.82) µg / dl.
Stimulated Emission Cross Section in Xenon-Neon Lasers
Authors: Bakr Gulalla Yaseen
Published: March 2017

Gas Lasers are important tools that are used in variety purposes, for their low and (cw) output power. The aim of this study was to prepare a way to calculate an optimum stimulated emission cross-section in a gas laser containing a mixture of Xenon and Neon by (30%-70%). The process was a theoretical study of each gas in separate in terms of their physical properties as an active medium. The results of these calculations are logic and more convenient than other mixtures used before