bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تجليات الرواية التوراتية في شعر محمود درويش
Authors: قعدان رسمية يوسف , الديك إحسان
Published: April 2024

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على الرواية التوراتية، والأسباب التي دفعت الشاعر الفلسطيني محمود درويش للاهتمام بهذه الرواية، وتجلياتها في شعره، ولتحقيق هدف البحث اعتمدت الباحثة على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. وخلص البحث إلى أن اهتمام محمود درويش بالرواية التوراتية في أشعاره ومؤلفاته جاء لإثراء تجربته الشعرية سواء كان درويش الشاعر أو درويش السياسي، فالرواية التوراتية مفعمة بالرموز التراثية التي ساعدته بشكل كبير على توظيف رموزها في خط أبياته الشعرية. وتوصل البحث إلى عدة نتائج منها ما يلي: إن اهتمام محمود درويش بالرواية التوراتية في أشعاره ومؤلفاته جاء لإثراء تجربته الشعرية سواء كان درويش الشاعر أو درويش السياسي، فالرواية التوراتية مفعمة بالرموز التراثية التي ساعدت درويش بشكل كبير على توظيف رموزها في خط أبياته الشعرية. إن الأساطير التي تجلت في شعر محمود درويش وهي أسطورة أرض الميعاد، وأرض شعب الله المختار، وأسطورة الهيكل المزعوم الذي يقترن الوجود الإسرائيلي على أرض فلسطين بوجوده.  كما وتظهر الأساطير أن الدولة الإسرائيلية قائمة على ادعاءات دينية تراثية، وأن الحركة الصهيونية تدعو إلى إحياء الوطن القومي لليهود على أرض فلسطين، أي أرض الميعاد بالنسبة لهم. ويوصي البحث بما يلي: دراسة تأثير الرواية التوراتية على قصائد محمود درويش، حيث يمكن استكشاف كيف تأثرت قصائد درويش بالقصص والرموز والقيم الموجودة في الرواية التوراتية، والمقارنة بين العناصر الثقافية والدينية في الرواية ومظاهرها في شعر درويش. تحليل المفاهيم الدينية في شعر محمود درويش، حيث يمكن استكشاف كيف استخدم درويش الرموز والمفاهيم الدينية من الرواية التوراتية في قصائده، والبحث عن مغزى الرموز والمفاهيم الدينية في شعره وتأثيرها على مضمونه وشكله.
Sensory Marketing According to Shopping Centre Customers
Authors: Rybowska Agnieszka , Dawidowska Kinga
Published: April 2024

Sensory marketing is one of the forms of marketing communication and a method of customer attachment to the brand. It is based on influencing the customer's senses, which is supposed to affect their sensory experience and, as a result, positive recollection of the product's brand. The aim of the study was to find out the opinions of shopping mall customers on sensory marketing activities. Two studies were conducted: a survey and an observation study. Both surveys involved young people: customers of shopping malls. It has been shown that young customers are knowledgeable about sensory marketing but often do not notice how it works at purchasing points. The respondents concluded that, in such a situation, sensory stimuli influence the choice of product, but not necessarily people's attachment to the brand. The stimuli used in audio and aroma marketing have a positive impact on customers but sometimes they are also perceived negatively. The research shows that you need to monitor your target customer groups and adjust sensory stimuli to their tastes. It may be used by organisations for product management and marketing planning purposes.
Neuroimaging findings in chronic cocaine disease
Authors: Yoshiga Angela Tiemi , Melo Homero Jose de Farias e , Capeleti Felipe Favaro , Goto Rafael Eidi , Nobeschi Leandro
Published: April 2024

Illicit drug abuse is a growing problem for global health. The use of drugs such as cocaine can cause structural alterations in the user nervous system. The main affected areas are regions like cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral, basal forebrain, caudate nucleus, ventral tegmentum, bridge, among others. Neuroimaging exams can show and detect ischemia and acute infarction in the corona radiate. The objective of this study was to systematically review of the main findings of neuroimaging in chronic cocaine users and the importance to monitor the patient, that is subjected to neuroimaging techniques, thus becoming an adjunct to the therapeutic conduct.
Amphiphilic salts as single-component, solvent-free, lithium electrolytes
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Diaz-Segura Marvin , Manning A. Scott , Yang Lingyu , Upadhyay Sunil , Whitmer Jonathan , Schaefer Jennifer
Published: April 2024

Electrolytes with enhanced thermal stability are sought for next-generation lithium batteries. In this work, we discuss the synthesis, thermal properties, morphology, and ionic conductivity of single-component, solvent-free electrolytes composed of lithium salts with amphiphilic anions. These salts exhibit nanoscale phase segregation between the ionic domains and aliphatic tails of the amphiphilic anions. It is found that for a series of lithium salts with a decane tail, the ionic conductivity is correlated with ion pair binding energy. The ionic conductivity is highest for the decane tailed salt with the –sulfonyl(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide head group (LiC10TFSI) at 5.6 × 10-7 S/cm at 70 °C, with salts with – sulfonyl(phenylsulfonyl)imide and –sulfonylazanide anions exhibiting lower conductivity. A salt with an octadecane tail and TFSI headgroup (LiC18TFSI) has further improved ionic conductivity, 10 to 1000 times higher depending on the temperature and 3.6 × 10-5 S/cm at 70 °C. LiC18TFSI is a smectic ionic liquid crystal at intermediate temperatures as confirmed through X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, whereas LiC10TFSI is suspected to be a disordered ionic liquid at the measurement conditions, highlighting the importance of ionic aggregate morphology on bulk ionic conductivity of electrolytes with ion clusters.
Engineering Porosity-Tuned Chitosan Beads: Balancing Porosity, Kinetics, and Mechanical Integrity
Authors: Tehrani Rouzbeh , Upadhyay Astha , Alimohammadi Farbod
Published: April 2024

Chitosan, a cationic natural polysaccharide derived from the deacetylation of chitin, is known for its solubility in diluted acidic solutions, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. This study introduces three innovative methods to prepare porous chitosan microsphere particles, which are crucial for enhancing their efficiency in water remediation and medical applications. The methods, solvent extraction, surfactant extraction, and substance decomposition, involve the integration and subsequent extraction or decomposition of materials during the synthesis process, eliminating the need for additional steps. We used state-of-the-art characterization techniques to analyze and evaluate the chemical and physical properties of the particles, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and especially three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scanning. The CT scans were used to visualize and measure the porosity of different particle types, ranging from 68.4% to 39.3%. This detailed study extended to evaluate the mechanical properties of the particles under compressive forces in wet and dry conditions, highlighting the influence of porosity on their mechanical integrity and compression pressure behavior. In addition, we explored the adsorptive properties of these chitosan particles, using methylene blue as a model pollutant because of its toxicity, underscoring the significance of porosity in enhancing their pollutant removal efficiency. This study opens the window for developing environmentally sustainable polymer particles and highlights the pivotal role of porosity in optimizing the material’s efficacy for a wide range of applications.
A spreadsheet-based redox flow battery cell cycling model enabled by closed-form approximations
Authors: Neyhouse Bertrand , Brushett Fikile
Published: April 2024

The complex interplay between numerous parasitic processes—voltage losses, crossover, decay—challenges interpretation of cycling characteristics in redox flow batteries (RFBs). Mathematical models offer a means to predict cell performance prior to testing and to interpret experimentally measured cycling data, however most implementations require extensive domain knowledge and computational resources. To address these challenges, we previously developed a computationally inexpensive zero-dimensional modeling approach by deriving analytical solutions to species mass balances during cell cycling. Here, we expand on this framework by deriving closed-form expressions for key performance metrics and comparing the accuracy of these simplifications to the complete analytical model. The resulting closed-form model streamlines the computational structure and allows for spreadsheet modeling of cell cycling behavior, which we highlight by developing a simulation package in Microsoft® Excel®. We then apply this model to analyze previously published experimental data from our group and others, highlighting its utility in numerous diagnostic configurations—bulk electrolysis, compositionally unbalanced symmetric cell cycling, and full cell cycling. Given the accessibility of this modeling toolkit, it has potential to be a widely deployable tool for RFB research, aiding in data interpretation, performance prediction, and electrochemistry education.
To Whom Are Directors’ Duties Owed? Evidence from Canadian M&A Transactions
Authors: Hutchison Camden
Published: April 2024

One of the most contentious issues in corporate law is the proper scope of fiduciary duties. Many scholars have argued that fiduciary duties are owed exclusively to shareholders, while others have advocated a broader conception of directors’ fiduciary obligations, potentially encompassing a wide variety of stakeholder and community interests. This debate has both normative and positive dimensions: Not only are there theoretical disagreements as to whom directors’ duties should be owed, there are also more basic disagreements as to what the law actually requires, including the extent to which business norms supplement (or undermine) legal rules. In Canada, at least, jurisprudential and statutory reforms have broadened the scope of fiduciary duties to extend their protections to stakeholder groups including creditors, employees, and the environment.

        Or have they? In reality, there are reasons to believe that legal standards play a limited role in corporate governance, not least with respect to the fundamental question of in whose interests the corporation is to be governed. For public corporations, a variety of factors, including the professional norms of corporate managers, the realities of public financial markets, and the central role of shareholders in the mechanisms of corporate democracy, strongly encourage directors to prioritize shareholder interests. This article finds evidence of this phenomenon through an empirical study of “fiduciary out” provisions in Canadian M&A agreements. These provisions, which allow directors to abandon committed transactions in order to fulfill their fiduciary duties, are almost universally drafted in terms of maximizing shareholder value. Indeed, in two samples containing more than one thousand M&A agreements, only a single agreement permitted directors to consider non-shareholder interests. This evidence indicates that fiduciary duties are broader in theory than in practice.
La Loi 101 et l’égalité linguistique au sens de la Charte canadienne
Authors: Labelle Eastaugh Érik
Published: April 2024

Le paragraphe 16(3) de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés permet au Parlement et aux législatures provinciales de légiférer afin de « favoriser la progression vers l’égalité de statut ou d’usage du français et de l’anglais ». Le présent texte cherche à mieux comprendre le rapport entre la Charte de la langue française (CLF) et cette disposition. Selon une hypothèse très répandue, il y aurait une incompatibilité structurelle fondamentale entre le régime linguistique de la CLF et celui de la Charte canadienne. L’auteur analyse cette hypothèse et conclut qu’elle doit être rejetée, pour trois raisons principales. Premièrement, elle comporte des faiblesses méthodologiques importantes qui faussent l’analyse du rapport entre leurs cadres conceptuels respectifs. Deuxièmement, elle soutient que les deux instruments seraient fondés sur des principes structurels discordants, voire antinomiques (« territorialité » c. « personnalité », « interculturalisme » c. « multiculturalisme », « droits collectifs » c. « droits individuels »), alors qu’il s’agit de fausses dichotomies qui ne démontrent aucunement l’existence d’une antinomie sur le plan juridique. Troisièmement, contrairement à ce que prétendent certains auteurs, la jurisprudence relative à la constitutionnalité de la CLF ne révèle pas qu’elle serait foncièrement incompatible avec le régime linguistique de la Charte canadienne. En dernière analyse, l’hypothèse de l’incompatibilité structurelle repose sur des considérations de nature idéologique ayant très peu de pertinence d’un point de vue juridique. L’auteur propose donc que la CLF pourrait en effet s’avérer une loi visant l’égalité linguistique au sens de la Charte canadienne, mais que la portée des intérêts visés par ce principe doit être précisée davantage avant qu’il ne soit possible d’offrir une réponse définitive.
Recoding Family Law
Authors: Tremblay Régine
Published: April 2024

This article proposes a new conceptual framework for parent-child and adult relationships in the Civil Code of Québec based on the theory of relationships of economic and emotional interdependency. It puts forward a new théorie générale for relationships in Quebec civil law. It argues that the Code should concentrate on relationships of economic and emotional interdependency, irrespective of their form or of their fulfillment of formalities. Their content and qualities should be the law’s object, hence allowing for a functional account of families and personal lives. Doing so would require a recodification of economic and emotional relationships in the Code, to provide a more meaningful legal framework addressing families and personal lives. Fundamentally, the hope is to shift the normative content of family law in Quebec private law from “the family” to relationships, and to take a stance against family law exceptionalism.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding Effectiveness of Probiotics among General Dentists and Postgraduates: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Naga Pranavi Cheppalli , Yadalam Umesh , Raghava K Vijay , Bose Aditi , Pratim Roy Partha , Prakash Nomitha
Published: April 2024

Background and Aim To assess the knowledge attitude and practice regarding the effectiveness of probiotics among general dentists and postgraduates.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 subjects and an online google form was used to collect the data. The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions among which five questions were related to knowledge five questions were attitude based and the remaining five questions were related to practice. Chi square test was used to compare the distribution of responses to knowledge attitude and practice based questions.Results Overall the mean knowledge scores among general practitioners and postgraduates were 2.99plusmn1.673 3.32plusmn1.514 respectively mean attitude scores were 2.28plusmn1.678 2.29plusmn1.579 and mean practice scores were 2.83plusmn1.378 3.16plusmn1.353 respectively. No statistical significant difference was observed between general practitioners and postgraduates.Conclusion General practitioners and postgraduate students demonstrated adequate awareness regarding probiotics. Postgraduate students had better knowledge attitude and practice levels compared to general practitioners but this was not statistically significant.
Awareness Regarding Dental Jurisprudence among Advocates in Davangere City - A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: B Sapna , R Menon Aishwarya , Singh Anika , Anu Joseph Anjaly , Siddanna Anad Arya , Gupta Akshata
Published: April 2024

Background There are increasing incidences of complaints and lawsuits against doctors due to the increased awareness among the public regarding their consumer rights. Advocates play a vital role in solving these issues. Hence a survey was planned with the aim to assess the level of awareness regarding dental jurisprudence among the advocates.Methodology A self-administered pre-validated closed-ended structured questionnaire containing 26 items was used to assess the awareness regarding dental jurisprudence in terms of knowledge perception and practice. The Chi-square test and unpaired studentrsquos t-test were used for the analyses.Results The mean knowledge score of the participants was 10.28plusmn1.61 10.09-10.47 where 54.6 had adequate knowledge. 80 of them had the practice of handling medicolegal cases of which insurancerelated cases were majorly addressed 51.8. 86.8 reported of upgrading their knowledge through media the internet journals and through CDE programs. 53.6 of them were not sure if dental jurisprudence was adequately covered in their study curriculum. About 62.1 advocates expressed the need for continuing education programs regarding medico-legal issues.Conclusion Advocates in the present study had sufficient knowledge regarding dental jurisprudence. There was no significant difference in their knowledge across gender type of qualification and years of legal practice.
Comparative Evaluation of Sorption, Solubility, Compressive Strength and Diametral Tensile Strength of Zirconomer Improved (ZI) with GIC – An In Vitro Study
Authors: P Poornima , Sathyan Sabin , K Mallikarjuna , K B Roopa , I E Neena , Rani Kavya
Published: April 2024

Objectives To evaluate and compare the compressive strength CS diametral tensile strength DTS sorption and solubility of Zirconomer Improved ZI with GIC type IX.Methods This is an experimental in vitro study. Forty specimens of ZI and GIC type IX 20 each were prepared using a Teflon mould and were stored at 37ordmC for one hour. These specimens were then subjected to CS DTS sorption and solubility testing. Results were then analysed using One way analysis of variance ANOVA.Results CS and DTS were significantly higher for ZI compared to GIC type IX. Sorption and solubility values were lesser for ZI compared to GIC type IX. Conclusion The study concluded that ZI cement is a useful dental material that can be used to restore stress-bearing areas due to its increased strength low solubility and sorption rates. As a restorative cement for stress-bearing areas zirconia-reinforced GIC has considerable promise for usage in dentistry. This is due to its considerable strength as well as poor solubility and sorption rates.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Estimation of Winter green Oil in Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: . Deepali , G Joshi Vijaya , Ramachandra Setty S , M Geetha , Kanakagiri Sachin
Published: April 2024

Background Wintergreen oil WO is used in various applications including aromatherapy and in topical pain relief products. The main active compound in wintergreen oil is methyl salicylate which is related to salicylic acid a component found in aspirin.Aim To develop and validate the RP-HPLC method for quantifying WO using methyl salicylate as the reference standard.Method In this study the pharmaceutical formulation chosen were nanosponges. A Gemini NX C18 250 mm X 4.6 mm 5 m column was used for the chromatographic separation carried out at room temperature with UV detection at 268 nm. A 1.5 mL min-1 flow rate was employed for the mobile phase which was a 5050 vv combination of acetonitrile and water. As per ICH requirements the approach was validated.Results The created technique showed R2 value of 0.9983 and exhibited linearity over 300-1500 microgmL concentration range. It was discovered that the limit of detection LOD and the limit of quantification LOQ levels were 0.082 microgmL and 0.25 microgmL respectively. The RSD values for repeatability intermediate and method precision were found to be within the limits of 2. The recovery ranged between 100.4 to 100.8 and negligible variations in RT and peak area with deliberate variations in pH flow rate wavelength and mobile phase ratio indicated robustness. The entrapment efficiency and loading capacity of nanosponges were determined to be 73.7-97.4 and 6.85-0.07 respectively.Conclusion The proposed method was proven to be particular straightforward sensitive precise and adaptable. As a result the technique was successfully utilized to estimate wintergreen oil in pharmaceutical formulations.
Formulation and Validation of An Analytical Method for the Estimation of Rabeprazole Sodium Delayed-Release Tablets
Authors: Kumar PM Vasanth , KP Bharathi , Galiboina Tharun , Priya Dasari Bindu , CH Apparao
Published: April 2024

Background Rabeprazole sodium is a proton pump inhibitor used for the treatment of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux disease by inhibiting the enzyme HKATPase the acidic pump. In addition erosive esophagitis and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome are treated with it.In this study the objective was to develop a pharmaceutically stable and cost-effective and quality-improved formulation and UV spectrophotometry method have been developed to estimate Rabeprazole sodium delayed-release tablets. To achieve these goals various prototype formulation trails will be taken and evaluated.Methods Rabeprazole sodium prolonged release tablets were prepared by direct compression technique used to the different excipients as well as varying concentrations of polymer proportion using HPMC phthalate 55 which is an enteric coating material.Results The results indicated that the final product formulation 12 met all the specifications of the physical properties and invitation release and is comparable to the innovator product.Conclusions In the present study Rabeprazole enteric-coated tablets were prepared using HPMC phthalate 55 enteric polymer. Formulation 12 was found to be the best of all formulations showing drug release that matches the innovator product so all quality control tests were performed for conformation for the formulation. The tablets were tested for acid release during the stability period and the results confirmed that the results were within the limits.
Formulation Perspectives and Applications of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: A Review
Authors: R Godge G , B Randhawan B , B Shaikh A , C Bharat S , A Raskar M , N Hiremath S
Published: April 2024

In a variety of fields including clinical medicine cancer therapies and drug delivery solid lipid nanoparticles SLNs are essential. Solid lipid emulsifier and watersolvent comprise SLNs. Triglycerides tri-stearin partial glycerides Imwitor fatty acids stearic acid palmitic acid steroids cholesterol and waxes cetyl palmitate are examples of the lipids that can be utilized. Due to their many benefits such as their capacity to increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs SLNs have garnered a lot of attention in the field of pharmaceutical administration. This increases the medications bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Additionally by allowing controlled and extended drug release SLNs facilitate precision dosage and decreased administration frequency. They serve as support vehicles as well as stabilizers solubilizers enhancers of permeation transfection agents and release rate modifiers. Controlled drug release systems can be developed with the use of SLNs which are digestible drug delivery systems. For oral administration applications a fastslow-release drug delivery system could be achieved by adjusting the digestion rate of SLNs. One of the key advantages of lipid nanoparticles especially SLNs is their safety and biocompatibility. Lipid-based formulations are less likely to have adverse effects because the body typically tolerates lipids well. They are suitable for use in pharmaceutical applications because they can transport a range of therapeutic substances including small medicine molecules and biotechnology materials. Lipid nanoparticle optimization is still challenging despite its potential. Researchers are always trying to make their formulations better to ensure the safety efficacy and scalability of their work.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls in Urban and Rural Schools of Belagavi - An Observational Study
Authors: Jolad Vidyashree , Baddepudi Deepthi , Nanjannavar Shweta , Vijaykumar Jyothi
Published: April 2024

Background Due to taboos and sociocultural constraints surrounding menstruation and menstrual practices teenage girls continue to be unaware of scientific facts and hygienic health practices about their periods which can result in adverse health effects in the future.Objective To compare menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in urban and rural areas of Belagavi.Methods This observational survey study which included 100 young adolescent high school girls aged 12-16 years as per inclusion and exclusion criteria was carried out in rural and urban schools in Belagavi. Data were collected using a menstrual hygiene management survey questionnaire regarding the knowledge practice and attitude towards menstrual hygiene.Results This observational survey study revealed that awareness and hygiene practices during menstruation were quite low in rural adolescent high school girls compared to urban adolescent high school girls.Conclusion This study concludes that practice knowledge and attitude towards menstrual hygiene was higher among adolescent girls in urban schools as compared to rural adolescent girls.
Effect of Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution (Particulate Matter and Carbon Monoxide) on Infant Adiposity
Authors: Shriyan Prafulla , Dolcy Saldanha Nolita , R Deepa , CP van Schayck Onno , S Shapeti Suresh
Published: April 2024

Background The environmental pollutants during pregnancy disrupt the developmental processes in foetus and infant with possible lifelong consequences. This article presents the results on effect of prenatal exposure to air pollution on infant adiposity among infants mediated through low birth weight.Methods The study was nested in MAASTHI cohort study. The participants were pregnant women of urban slums of Bangalore and the study was conducted from September 2017 to 2019. Pregnant women residing in urban slums belonging to the age group of 18-45 years with a gestational age of less than 18 weeks with no coexisting illnesses were recruited for the study. We estimated pregnancy period exposure measurements of PM2.5 PM10 and CO for 24 hours during the second and third trimesters. The ambient exposure to PM2.5 PM10 and COnbspwere extracted from the monitoring stations installed by the State Pollution Control Board in Bengaluru. Pregnant mothers also completed a detailed questionnaire to provide information on covariates related to household characteristics socio-demographics and obstetric history. The participants were followed up at birth at six months and one year after birth. We recorded infantrsquos weight length circumferences and skinfold thicknesses at each follow up visit. The association between exposure measurements and adiposity markers was estimated using a linear regression model controlling for potential confounder variables.Results The study recruited 519 pregnant women and could track 362 80 children at six months against the intended 449 children. Among these 160 children had complete anthropometric data while the remaining children were not considered due to COVID-19 pandemic. We observed that the mean values of motherrsquos weight height pregnancy exposure to indoor PM2.5 and PM10 were higher among children with weight for age z-scores whereas both pregnancy exposure to indoor and ambient CO were lower. We found a statistically significant association between pregnancy exposure to particulate matter and weight for age Z-score and triceps skinfold thickness.Conclusion The findings of the study suggest that air pollution exposure during pregnancy may be associated with infant obesity particularly with weight and skinfold thickness at six months. The findings implied that pregnancy exposure to air pollution has a lasting effect on growth after birth. Further large scale and long term follow up studies are needed to better understand the biological mechanisms linking air pollution exposure and its role in childrsquos risk for obesity.
Utilization of Bengkalis Beach Sand Silica as Raw Material in the Synthesis of Zeolite 4A
Authors: Azis Yelmida , Zahrina Ida , Fadli Ahmad , Hazzamy Muhammad Asyaf
Published: April 2024

Zeolite 4A is a porous material that is widely used as an adsorbent, catalyst, membrane, ion exchanger, molecular sieve, etc. As a source of silica in the synthesis of zeolite 4A, silica from natural materials, biomass waste or chemicals has been used. In this research, silica extracted from Bengkalis beach sand (BBS) was used as raw material. The silica content in its oxide form, silicon oxide (SiO2) in BBS reaches 90%. The synthesis of zeolite 4A was carried out using a hydrothermal process, by varying the mole ratio of Si/Al from the reactant sodium silicate to sodium aluminate, namely 1.2:1; 1.4:1; 1.6:1 at reaction temperatures of 100, 110 and 120°C. Based on characterization using X-ray diffraction and an infrared spectrometer, the best conditions were obtained at a mole ratio reactant of 1.6, a reaction temperature of 100°C with a crystallinity percentage reaching 80.97%. Based on SEM-EDX analysis, the zeolite has an agglomerated morphology with a Si/Al ratio of around 1.09. The surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of the synthesized zeolite were analyzed using a Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) technique, respectively 81.844 m2/g, 0.039 cm3/g, and 3.07 nm.
Formulation and Evaluation of Gambier (Uncaria gambir)-Chitosan Microparticle Intranasal Delivery for Alzheimer’s Diseases
Authors: Fithri Najma Annuria , Mardiyanto Mardiyanto , Fitrya Fitrya , Rahmah Asfaraeni , Annisa Novilia Megi
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), the most common form of dementia continues to be the deadliest neuro degenerative disease in recent years. Despite significant efforts to mitigate the progression of the disease, there is no known cure and development towards a more effective treatment is still lacking. AD is marked by exceptionally low amount of acetylcholine in the brain, formation of tau protein, and amyloid beta plaque. Current drugs of choice for treating AD, namely donepezil and memantine, are acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors which focused on delaying the onset of cognitive decline by maintaining acetylcholine concentration. Gambier water extract (GWE) contains high level of polyphenols which act as an antioxidant, exhibit strong correlation with AChE inhibitor. The aim of this research is to formulate and encapsulate GWE inside a microparticle system composed of chitosan and different crosslinkers, STPP (IMGS) and CaCl2 (IMGC), which were then characterized as AChE inhibitor using Ellman’s method. Variations of the formula were designed following Box-Behnken experimental design with chitosan and crosslinker concentration, crosslinker type, and stirring speed as variables. Initial activity of GWE, IMGS and IMGC as antioxidant were confirmed with DPPH method, obtaining a strong activity of 88.01, 82.11, and 84.99% DPPH inhibition at 100 ppm respectively. Promisingly, at concentration of 100 ppm GWE demonstrated AChE inhibition of 30.36%. However, this activity reduced after encapsulation into IMGS and IMGC, with 14.63% and 18.65% AChE inhibition, which can be linked to the relatively sustained diffusion of GWE from the polymer matrix. IMGS and IMGC diffusion profile showed release of 23.24% and 21.89% after 6 hours, with significant increase in diffusion after 24 hours with 74.92% and 71.19% respectively. Despite showing sustained release behaviour, both IMGS and IMGC ex-vivo diffusion significantly improved when compared to GWE which only diffused 51.84% after 24 hours. This result indicates encapsulation of GWE into a polymeric carrier could increase gambier diffusion through the nasal mucous membrane, significantly improving the potential to penetrate into the brain systemic circulation. Combined with desirable intranasal delivery characteristics, this research was able to demonstrate the promising potential of gambier water extract polymeric system as AChE inhibitors for AD therapy.
Network Pharmacology and Component Analysis Integrated Study to Uncovers the Molecular Mechanisms of Lansium parasiticum Bark Extract in Colon Cancer Treatment
Authors: Mutiah Roihatul , Briliana Malich Septi Diajeng , Ahmad Ananda Rizkia Azizah , Fauziyah Begum , Janaloka Nandana Adyuta , Suryadinata Arief
Published: April 2024

Side effects and risk of resistance are common consequences of colon cancer treatment based on chemotherapy. The medicinal plant originating in Indonesia, Lansium parasiticum bark extract (LPBE), has not been studied much. The purpose of this study is to identify the compounds present in LPBE and explain how the molecular mechanisms of the composite inhibit colon cancer cells. LC-MS/MS Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrophotometry has been used to identify compounds in LPBE. The ADMET program is used to determine absorption profiles and bioavailability per oral. The tissue pharmacology approach uses Cytoscape 3.9.1, GeneCards, Disgenet, STRING 2.0.0, SRplot, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway to predict the molecular anti-cancer mechanisms of these compounds. In vitro validation using PyRx Autodock Vina 9.0 and Biovia Discovery Studio with BAX (PDB ID:2YXJ), BCL2 (P DB ID:2W3L) and STAT3 receptors (PDB ID:6NJS). A total of 17 active compounds were identified through LC-MS/MS. The moronic acid compound showed the highest levels of 14.29% followed by 4-Morpholineacetic Acid 12.2% and ursolic aldehyde 8.37%. Pharmacological network analysis showed that the compounder works on the EGFR tyrosine kinase resistance path by targeting the BCL2, BAX, STAT3 genes. The results of the in silico validation support the results of tissue pharmacology findings. Ursolic aldehyde, and Moronic acid showed a higher affinity to the three receptors. Therefore, Lansium parasiticum bark extract (LPBE) is recommended for further study as a candidate anti-cancer drug both in vitro and in vivo.
Modification of Indonesian Kaolinite-Based Silica Coarse (SC) for RNA Extraction Method of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Marintan Marchia Marthalena , Sjatha Fithriyah , Nurani Dita Arifa , Krisnandi Yuni Krisyuningsih , Sariman Sariman
Published: April 2024

One of the strategies to overcome the COVID-19 disease is through rapid diagnostic tests using the Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test. The RT-PCR test is a detection and quantification test of nucleic acids, initiated by the pre-analytical step of purification of the nucleic acids. Purification of nucleic acid requires silica-based materials as a solid phase-extraction matrix or column. Herein, Silica Coarse (SC) in the form of suspension and powder columns; was prepared from natural Indonesian Kaolinite as an alternative extraction column to binding RNA of SARS-CoV-2. The RNA binding and releasing ability in SC was enhanced with the support of chaotropic agents in the form of Na+ and Guanidium+ as charged balancing cations, embedded in the silicate layer inside the kaolinite framework. SC, which has been supported with Na+ and Guanidium+ respectively, then studied its physicochemical characteristics using FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy, and BET surface area and pore size measurement. This work shows that the modified SC suspension column could extract RNA of SARS-CoV-2 that amplified better in the RT PCR test than SC powder columns, with the initial Ct value of all the SARS-CoV-2 specimens in the range < 20.
Preparation of KI/KIO3/Methoxide Kaolin Catalyst and Performance Test of Catalysis in Biodiesel Production
Authors: Buchori Luqman , Widayat Widayat , Ngadi Norzita , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto , Okvitarini Ndaru
Published: April 2024

Kaolin is a natural ingredient that is in abundance and has not been widely used. Kaolin is a source of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) so that it can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production. This research aims to examine the influence of using impregnated kaolin as a heterogeneous catalyst on production of biodiesel. Research methods include calcination of natural kaolin, impregnation of kaolin using KI, KIO3, and preparation of kaolin-methoxide in various concentrations, as well as biodiesel production using an impregnated kaolin catalyst. The catalyst was characterized using XRD and SEM. The catalyst was tested for basicity using the Hammet indicator method with acid-base titration. The biodiesel product obtained was analyzed using GCMS. The results of XRD analysis showed that 8% kaolin-methoxide catalyst had the highest crystallinity among the others. The crystallinity obtained was 87.84% with a composition of 15.79% SiO2 and 78.86% Al2O3. SEM image results also show a more visible crystal shape. The highest basicity of the catalyst obtained was 0.240 mmol. The highest biodiesel yield using 8% kaolin-methoxide catalyst is 99.48%.
MAPEAMENTO DO USO, OCUPAÇÃO E FRAGILIDADE AMBIENTAL NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIACHO MADEIRA CORTADA, SUB-BACIA DO ALTO JAGUARIBE (CEARÁ)
Authors: Lopes Maria Vitória Rodrigues , Albuquerque Francisco Nataniel Batista , Sobrinho José Falcao
Published: April 2024

Os estudos em bacias hidrográficas são cada vez mais presentes e proporcionam uma melhor visão ecossistêmica do todo (BOTELHO; SILVA, 2004), assim, esses subsidiam a elaboração de planejamentos ambientais. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a evolução dos processos de produção de fragilidades ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do riacho Madeira Cortada, sub-bacia do rio Jaguaribe, Ceará. No levantamento de fragilidade ambiental foi utilizada a metodologia de Ross (1994) com adaptações colocadas por Bezerra et al (2016) para o Semiárido Brasileiro. Verificou-se que na bacia, a pecuária possui uma tendência crescente em detrimento do cultivo de lavouras temporárias à medida que no período analisado o percentual de vegetação densa, de acordo com os padrões da Caatinga, foi diminuindo. Para essa foram constatados os mais altos níveis potenciais e emergentes de fragilidade localizados no extremo norte e no sul da bacia, sendo as áreas de fragilidade potencial mais altas ligadas a pedologia e litologia da bacia que possuem grandes áreas vulneráveis. Para fragilidade emergente foi seguido o padrão do potencial quanto a concentração no extremo norte e no sul da bacia, sendo em sua maioria áreas onde na análise de uso e ocupação foram classificadas como solo exposto.
PROPOSTA DE CLASSIFICAÇÃO DE GEOSSÍTIOS PARA O QUARTA COLÔNIA GEOPARQUE MUNDIAL DA UNESCO (BRASIL)
Authors: Figueiró Adriano Severo , Von Ahn Maurício Mendes
Published: April 2024

Os geossítios estão dentre as principais estratégias para a conservação do geopatrimônio. A falta de um sistema de classificação amplamente aceito pode dificultar o manejo desses locais que possuem relevância patrimonial. Neste sentido, este artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de apresentar e testar uma proposta de classificação de geossítios para o Quarta Colônia Geoparque Mundial da UNESCO, que possa, no futuro, servir como base de comparação para outros territórios com geopatrimônio semelhante. O Geoparque Quarta Colônia está localizado na região central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, em um território formado por nove municípios e atualmente conta com 31 geossítios inventariados. Tem como grande destaque geopatrimonial a presença de uma das mais importantes assembleias fossilíferas do triássico mundial. O sistema de classificação proposto trabalha com três grupos de variáveis distintas, cada um deles associado a uma das dimensões que define as características principais do geossítio: a dimensão espacial, a dimensão patrimonial e a dimensão de uso. Os resultados permitiram identificar que, em relação à dimensão espacial, os geossítios de imersão correspondem a 84% do total de geossítios, enquanto os geossítios de miradouros conta com 16% do total. Os geossítios de imersão permitem aos visitantes uma conexão direta com os aspectos patrimoniais, enquanto os geossítios de miradouros oferecem vistas panorâmicas, destacando as características patrimoniais à uma certa distância. No que se refere à dimensão patrimonial, identificou-se uma ênfase na geomorfologia e na paleontologia, o que destaca, juntamente com o patrimônio paleontológico de valor mundial, a importância das formas de relevo, solos e processos geomorfológicos que moldaram a paisagem do território. Em relação a dimensão de uso, destacam-se o uso geoturístico, educativo, de pesquisa e de serviços ecossistêmicos. No uso geoturístico, se sobressai o valor científico e valor cênico dos geossítios, enquanto no uso para pesquisa destaca-se o valor científico e o valor ecológico. O uso educativo evidencia o enorme patrimônio natural presente nos geossítios e aponta para a necessidade de programas de educação ambiental que enfatizem a compreensão do patrimônio, enquanto a presença do uso de serviços ecossistêmicos ressalta a conexão intrínseca entre a geodiversidade e a biodiversidade, demonstrando como os processos geológicos influenciam a saúde e o funcionamento dos ecossistemas. Conclui-se que o sistema de classificação proposto se mostrou efetivo para a categorização dos geossítios do Geoparque Quarta Colônia. Além disso, entende-se que esta proposta poderá contribuir para uma abordagem mais coesa e colaborativa na gestão e conservação de geossítios de outros territórios, minimizando interpretações conflitantes e promovendo uma compreensão mais completa desses locais.
ANTROPIZAÇÃO DA PAISAGEM DO MUNICÍPIO MATOGROSSENSE DE COLÍDER - AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Aguiar Julio Cezar , Neves Sandra Mara Alves da Silva , Da Costa Rodrigues Luciene
Published: April 2024

A análise da antropização da paisagem demanda de dados sobre as características de seus elementos. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a transformação antrópica da paisagem do município mato-grossense de Colíder, na perspectiva de que os dados e informações gerados contribuam no planejamento ambiental municipal. Com auxílio de ferramentas geotecnológicas gerou-se os mapeamentos dos elementos abióticos e bióticos da área investigada, as quantificações e os layouts. Os aspectos antrópicos foram caracterizados a partir de dados secundários. O Índice de Transformação Antrópica foi aplicado para quantificar e qualificar o estado de conservação da paisagem municipal nos anos de 1990 e 2020. A agropecuária e o desmatamento influenciaram no aumento da antropização no município de Colíder, implicando no aumento do índice de 3,51 para 4,37. Apesar disso, o estado permaneceu como regular em ambas as datas investigadas. Evidenciando a necessidade do planejamento ambiental e o manejo sustentável dos usos da terra, visando a conservação dos componentes da paisagem.
OS DESAFIOS DE PERMANÊNCIA NA TERRA NA GLEBA PROVIDÊNCIA III MUNICÍPIO DE CURVELÂNDIA-MT
Authors: Bazzi do Nascimento Balbuena Leticia , Aparecido Souza Edevaldo
Published: April 2024

A pesquisa analisa o processo de viver na terra e da terra na Gleba Providência III, município de Curvelândia-MT, legitimando as dificuldades e implicações para a continuidade do desenvolvimento da comunidade e de tudo que dela deriva, bem como refletir e interpretar as condições territoriais e do lugar no aspecto econômico, social, territorial, identitário e de trabalho. Dialoga com os conceitos geográficos, especificamente do território e lugar, como instrumentos importantes na análise do espaço geográfico, onde estão inseridas as camponesas e os camponeses que ali vivem. São primordiais para compreender o histórico de formação da comunidade e a conexão e acesso que estes possuem às condições mínimas de (re)existência, para a permanência com dignidade em seus lotes. Como metodologias, pautou-se para uma proposta de estudo teórico, sintetizando o conceito de questão agrária, de território e lugar, e, posteriormente, às concepções da terra, de campesinato, de trabalho, de identidade, de produção. A posteriori, os dados levantados in loco, nas conversas informais, no questionário estruturado, com foco na relação dos sujeitos com sua terra, com sua vivência. Destarte dessas fontes, compreende-se a organização da Gleba, das relações de vivência, das dificuldades encontradas, das adversidades do tempo, da ausência das políticas públicas, em síntese, do sonho da terra, aos desafios para nela permanecer.
APLICAÇÃO DO MNDWI PARA MAPEAMENTO DAS ÁREAS INUNDÁVEIS DO PANTANAL DO CUIABÁ
Authors: Gil Andressa Padovani , De Souza Célia Alves
Published: April 2024

A presente pesquisa analisou a aplicação do Índice de Diferença Normalizado da Água Modificado (MNDWI) para o mapeamento automatizado das áreas inundáveis do Pantanal do Cuiabá. Para o mapeamento, foi utilizada a série histórica de 1985 a 2018 considerando os períodos de cheia do rio Cuiabá, totalizando 33 imagens do satélite Landsat 5, 7 e 8. Para automatização do processo de mapeamento em todas as imagens, foi utilizado no software ArcGis 10.7 a ferramenta Model Builder, criando uma sequência de processamentos em lote. O MNDWI é um método desenvolvido com a finalidade de delinear os corpos d’água e realçá-los em imagens de satélite através da operação das bandas verde e do infravermelho médio. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa possibilitaram a compreensão da dinâmica das inundações no Pantanal do Cuiabá, sendo possível identificar os pontos principais de avulsão do rio Cuiabá e de conexão de suas águas com as áreas inundadas na planície. As principais dificuldades e limitações encontradas na pesquisa foram: separação do solo e vegetação úmidos e dos corpos d’água, identificação de áreas inundadas com cobertura de vegetação aquática, mapeamento de canais estreitos que são extremamente comuns no Pantanal e lacunas causadas nos mapeamentos por conta da cobertura de nuvens.
ANÁLISE DOS INDICADORES SOCIOECONÔMICOS DOS MUNICÍPIOS DE SINOP E TERRA NOVA DO NORTE, MATO GROSSO
Authors: Silva Rosimeire Vilarinho da , De Souza Célia Alves , Ferreira Evaldo
Published: April 2024

O estudo aborda a análise dos indicadores socioeconômicos dos municípios de Sinop e Terra Nova do Norte, Mato Grosso. Os dois municípios são oriundos das políticas de ocupação do Governo Federal, implementadas na década de 1970. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as transformações econômicas, sociais e demográficas ocorridas nestes municípios, por meio do levantamento dos indicadores socioeconômicos, como: PIB per capita, Dinâmica populacional, IDH, IDHM, Índice de Gini, Emprego e renda, Comércio, Indústria, Serviços e Agropecuária. Os procedimentos utilizados foram: pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, levantamento e análise dos indicadores socioeconômicos, que foram realizados por meio da coleta de informações nas Bases de dados do IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), Seplan (Secretaria de Estado de Planejamento), Seplag (Secretaria de Estado de Planejamento e Gestão), PNUD (Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento), Caged (Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados), Datasus (Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde) e Sebrae (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas). O estudo mostrou que o município de Sinop vem ao longo dos anos, obtendo um crescimento populacional significativo e destacando-se em diferentes setores econômicos, tais como: agricultura, serviço e comércio, tornando-se um polo na região no que se refere à oferta de produtos e serviços. O município de Terra Nova do Norte apresentou um decréscimo em sua dinâmica populacional na última década. Sua economia é voltada para a agropecuária, com destaque para a pecuária de leite, e tem fomentado a agroindústria (laticínios), através da agricultura familiar. Ambos tiveram um crescimento acentuado nas áreas econômicas e sociais, impulsionado pela estrutura socioeconômica local, onde buscou-se focar na capacidade do município em determinados setores, para alavancar a economia.