bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Voyage » dans les « paysages thérapeutiques » céliniens
Authors: Vaguet Alain
Published: June 2024

Quelques rares publications témoignent des liens établis entre les « géographies de la santé » et la littérature d’imagination. Dans cette filiation, nous souhaitons ajouter une contribution, basée sur le livre de Céline : Voyage au bout de la nuit (1932). Ce roman écrit par un médecin/écrivain, nous semble appeler une attention particulière, bien que l’auteur Louis Ferdinand Destouches, alias Céline, se soit gravement compromis au moment du second conflit mondial, notamment par la publication de pamphlets antisémites.Comme nos prédécesseurs, nous avons utilisé le concept de « paysages thérapeutiques » pour la présentation et l’organisation de nos analyses. Dans ce roman quasi autobiographique, nous retrouvons les paysages d’inégalités et d’injustices spatiales et sociales qui impactent en profondeur les questions relatives à la santé et de façon plus originale, une critique des pratiques médicales. Contrairement à ce que la réputation sulfureuse de l’auteur laisse présager, nous proposons d’interpréter les « paysages symboliques » céliniens comme autant d’artefacts émanant d’une posture inspirée d’éthique religieuse.
MENTAL WORKLOAD ASSESSMENT OF GAMERS’ EEG WITH MULTI-DOMAIN FEATURE-BASED COGNITIVE MODEL AND ITS VALIDATION
Authors: Gogna Yamini , Tiwari Sheela , Singla Rajesh
Published: June 2024

Electroencephalography (EEG) has been recognized as a competent mode for cognitivists to study brain activity potential variations with imposed mental workload. The elementary focus of a game design is to provide entertainment to the players and be a source of recreation and relaxation at the same time. However, it is observed that with increasing difficulty levels the game may start imposing a mental workload beyond a critical threshold. To work on such an issue, this paper presents a multi-domain EEG features-based cognitive model that classifies the mental workload levels on a difficulty basis. It investigated the brain activity of gamers while spotting the differences in similar-looking pictures at three levels of difficulty. The collected brain signatures developed a mental workload model using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) within an accuracy range of 84% to 98% ([Formula: see text]). After the machine learning-based modeling, the model was subjectively validated with NASA’s Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) rating scale. Every level was rated by the players for different mental workload factors and a workload score was obtained for every level. A correlation study showed the association of different EEG features with the workload score within a correlation coefficient range of 0.306 to 0.748 ([Formula: see text]-2-tailed). Findings of this type may lead to the scholarly and professional measurement and improvement of cognitive aptitude.
The Presence of Brands in the Metaverse
Authors: Oliveira Joana , Rocha Catarina , Pinto Borges Ana , Vieira Bruno Miguel , Vieira Elvira , Tavares Victor
Published: June 2024

This research emerges as a starting point in analyzing the requirements that brand managers should consider leveraging the presence of brands in the metaverse, considering the consumers' degree of knowledge, expectations, and desired experiences, thus contributing with theoretical and practical implications to brand management. Through a qualitative methodology – employing the focus group technique – it was possible to understand the interests of consumers and their metaverse-related associations. The interactivity component is of utmost importance and must be developed, implemented, and complemented with the user's own creativity. This research has also shed light on important dimensions related to virtual content.
Beyond Surface Beauty: Exploring the Intricate Histopathological Finding in Intrinsic Dentin Discoloration
Authors: Sriparna De , Vashisth Pallavi , Naik N. Sathyajith , Dua Rasleen
Published: June 2024

Dental stains are pigmented deposits that can be intrinsic or extrinsic in origin and are seen on the surface of the teeth. Discoloration of teeth can be due to developmental defects, traumatic injuries, or the intake of several medications. Extrinsic stains create discoloration outside the tooth surface and lay on the surface or in the acquired pellicle, whereas stains within dentin or intrinsic discoloration sometimes come from pulpal or systemic origin. To plan a specific treatment approach and its associated result, it is important to identify the etiologic cause that is creating the stain, in an attempt to provide esthetic treatment for the same. This case report describes the successful management of intrinsic staining of anterior teeth in a 10-year-old girl. The treatment plan included esthetic rehabilitation using composite veneer. The fluoride-releasing composite used provided an acceptable color match and exceptional handling properties and was relatively easy to maintain with its antiplaque effect. This case also represents a unique histopathological finding from ground sections of a retained extracted deciduous tooth.
Development of Quantifiable Assays for Detection of Hypersialylation in Oral Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Somkuwar Shrutam , Jangle Shravasti , Morey Vedanti , Salotkar Devyani , Reddy Shreya , Nair Aparna , Begde Deovrat
Published: June 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study is to Quantify sialic acid for oral cancer diagnosis using different method using densitometric analysis.

Background:

Early detection of OSCC is critical for improving survival rates and reducing morbidity, which has prompted researchers to look for potential biomarkers to aid in early diagnosis. Saliva is an excellent diagnostic tool due to its noninvasive nature. Sialic acid levels in saliva have been found to be higher in cancer patients. Hypersialylation is associated with poor prognosis and accelerated cancer progression, as well as immune escape, tumor growth and spread, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis and treatment. This study addresses the imperative need for adaptive, effective, and non-invasive strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, emphasising the importance of early detection for improved prognosis. This study introduces various methods for quantify levels of sialic acid in saliva, including resorcinol and orcinol assays, using colorimetric and densitometric assays.

Material and Method:

In this study, sialic acid detection methods have been standardized using standards as well as spent media from cancer cell lines to develop noninvasive diagnostic tools for early detection. Two methods used for the detection of sialic acid Resorcinal and Orcinol method by densitometric analysis using Image J software.

Results:

The study has successfully quantified sialic acid from spent media and saliva using resorcinol and orcinol method by densitometric analysis.

Conclusion:

In this study we aim to develop a reliable and cost-effective method for quantification of sialic acid using Image j software. The approach presents a non-invasive and efficient alternative for early cancer diagnosis showcasing its potential impact on advancing diagnostic technologies.
The Role Of The Digital Economic Literacy Movement In Supporting MSMEs Sustainability
Authors: Dura Justita , Hamdani Muhammad Riko
Published: June 2024

Economic growth in Indonesia in the micro, small and medium enterprise (MSMEs) sector often needs help in the short term. Regional government efforts to promote education and literacy have strengthened the importance of digitalization in increasing MSME's income, especially after the pandemic. This research analyses how financial literacy and financial technology (fintech) influence the sustainability of MSMEs in Malang. This type of research is quantitative, using primary data as a questionnaire. The research population consisted of 7920 MSMEs in the city of Malang. The sampling technique used purposive sampling so that 100 MSMEs were obtained as respondents. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software. The research results show that fintech and financial literacy positively influence the sustainability of MSMEs. Fintech and financial literacy are enough to encourage the expansion and sustainability of MSMEs in Malang. This research can complement existing theories and be a reference for local governments to encourage and facilitate digitalization and financial literacy for MSME players. This research can also be a reference for fintech companies to reach out more to MSMEs and increase fintech socialization.
Abu Ubaid’s Perspectives And The Dynamics Of Digital Currency In Modern Islamic Economics
Authors: Mu’adzah Nadiyah , Rachmad Dedy , Rusydiana Aam Slamet
Published: June 2024

This research aims to discover how classical Muslim scholars named Abu Ubaid and contemporary academics think about the existence and Islamic law regarding digital currency. This library research uses meta-analysis, sentiment analysis, and critical analysis. This research uses secondary data from scientific journal articles published in 2017-2023. The data source in this research was obtained from the Dimension database. The research results show that there are 106 pieces of scientific literature about digital currency from an Islamic perspective and 35 scientific kinds of literature about Abu Ubaid in the economic field with fluctuating literature development. Digital currency is not based on Abu Ubaid's thinking about the function of money because digital currency is a virtual currency that does not have underlying assets and many elements of uncertainty and other harm. Contemporary research studies also indicate a prevailing inclination towards negative rather than positive sentiment regarding the presence and implementation of Islamic law in digital currency. The dar'u al-mafasid muqaddam ala jalb al-masalih principle might help resolve the dispute between those who permit and those who forbid it. This research can be used as reference material for relevant research in the future and is helpful as material for public reflection and evaluation for policymakers to revitalize the application of digital currency by Islamic principles.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Aslan Selda
Published: June 2024

Despite scientific and technological advances in recent years, infectious diseases continue to pose a significant threat to public health. These diseases can cause serious health problems as they have the potential to spread rapidly. In addition, they occur in the form of epidemics and affect populations. The difficulty of rapid and accurate diagnosis and increasing antimicrobial resistance create difficulties in the treatment of infectious diseases. Artificial intelligence technology has developed useful applications in many areas such as the development of diagnosis and treatment methods, anti-infective drug and vaccine discovery, and prevention of increasing anti-infective drug resistance. In particular, AI-assisted clinical decision support systems can help predict disease outbreaks, support diagnosis of diseases, optimise treatment options and monitor epidemiological trends by analysing large datasets. It can also provide more accurate and faster results in analysing diagnostic images and identifying diseases. Advances in this field need to be supported by multidisciplinary studies and a strong ethical framework. In this review, we outline approaches to the application and use of artificial intelligence in infectious diseases, highlight the progress supported by artificial intelligence, and discuss how it can be used. We outline the applications and benefits of AI in infectious diseases. In this way, more effective intervention strategies can be developed to control infectious diseases and protect public health.
Criminal offenses against honor and reputation in the light of the amendment of the Criminal code of the Republic of Srpska
Authors:   University of Banja Luka - Faculty of Security Sciences, Vasiljević Dragana
Published: June 2024

The issue of (de)criminalization of behavior that injures, that is, endangers honor and reputation is one of the most important in modern criminal law. The demand for decriminalization arises from the norms of international law and it rests on the postulate of the right to freedom of thought and expression. However, it is also inviolable the right of a person to protect his honor and reputation, which is the basis of criminalization. Because of that it is not easy to find a balance in the exercise of these rights. They are opposed to each other from which arises danger that excessive protection of one of them undermines the other. It is a common understanding that modern criminal legislation is moving in the direction of decriminalization of such behaviors. Our legislator opted for the opposite solution. This is not a solution that has not been represented in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Srpska, because criminal offenses against honor and reputation existed until 2002 when they are decriminalized. In the article is apostrophized protection of honor and reputation in the light of the latest amendment to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Srpska.
External Debt and Economic Growth Nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Role of Institutional Quality
Authors:   Policy and Planning Department, National Forestry Authority, Kampala, Uganda, Mugobera R. , Mahebe D. ,   Local Government Development Planning, National Planning Authority, Clement Hill Road, P. O. Box 21434 Kampa-Uganda May 2024
Published: June 2024

Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have recently embarked on an economic growth trajectory which is characterized by ambitious national development aspirations. The ability of the SSA economies to generate sufficient domestic revenues to spur their desired economic growth is limited resulting into fiscal deficits. External Debt has provided alternatives to the fiscal deficits prevalent in SSA economies. Dividends from external debt investments have been unevenly witnessed among the SSA countries. Regions with better institutional quality continue to reap considerable dividends from external debt investments while SSA economies continue to accumulate external debt with sluggish economic performance. This study made use of the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to examine the role played by institutional quality on the nexus between external debt and economic growth on a panel of 28 SSA countries over the period 2005 - 2021. Empirical results indicate that institutional quality influences a positive and significant relation between external debt and economic growth. Policy makers in SSA countries should therefore strive to improve on institutional quality in regard to external debt management in order to reap more economic benefits from external debt
Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors Exploration of branches of physics for handling several cases in sports applications: A systematic literature review
Authors: Chaeroni Ahmad , Nurhasan Nurhasan , Ardha Muchamad Arif Al , Nur Lutfi , Pranoto Nuridin Widya , Govindasamy Karuppasamy , Khishe Mohammad , Ahmed Mottakin , Talib Kamal
Published: June 2024

The principles of physics have become a primary focus in the development of sensory technology and biomechanical analysis in the context of modern sports. This study aims to explore the contributions of physics in enhancing athlete performance and reducing injury risks. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted to identify relevant empirical studies highlighting the role of physics in sports. Data were analyzed from Scopus database sources with criteria as specified in the SLR study and with the PRISMA method. Search strategies using predefined keywords referring to the current topic were employed. The results of the literature review indicate that the application of sensory technology and biomechanical analysis has provided profound insights into human body movements in sports. Technologies such as motion capture and 3D analysis have enabled the identification of specific aspects of athlete techniques that require improvement. Furthermore, real-time feedback from sensor technology has assisted in direct adjustments during training, potentially enhancing the quality of athlete techniques and reducing injury risks. Integrating the principles of physics in sports not only enhances athlete performance but also constitutes an integral part of injury prevention efforts and effective care. Thus, understanding and applying the principles of physics in the context of sports can provide significant benefits to athletes, coaches, and sports health professionals in efforts to enhance athlete well-being and performance.
Keywords. Sports, biomechanics, kinematics, physics
Article RETRACTED due to manipulation by the authors What is the effectiveness of the combination of massage therapy and heat therapy on joint range of motion? Experimental study in patients with shoulder pain
Authors: Dewantara Julian , Yuniana Rina , Graha Ali Satia , Sastaman B Putra , Kushartanti BM. Wara , Nasrulloh Ahmad , Septianto Irvan , Suryadi Didi , Ardian Roy , Widodo Agung , Ridwan Ahmad , Haidar Muhammad Daffa
Published: June 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of massage therapy and heat therapy on improving joint range of motion in patients with shoulder pain. Shoulder pain is often accompanied by limited range of motion, which can affect daily activities and quality of life. Massage therapy is known to relieve muscle tension and improve blood circulation, while heat therapy has the effect of reducing muscle stiffness and increasing tissue elasticity. The combination of these two therapies is expected to provide synergistic benefits in overcoming shoulder pain problems and improving joint range of motion. This research method is pre-experimental with a one group pretest and posttest design approach. The study involved giving a combination of masage therapy and heat therapy regularly to a group of patients with shoulder pain. Joint range of motion was evaluated before and after the intervention using a pretest-posttest design. Statistical analysis, including t-test and significance test, was used to assess the difference between the mean pretest and posttest. The results showed a significant increase in the mean posttest compared to the pretest. The results of the significance test also showed that the effect that occurred was significant (0.001 <0.05), indicating the effectiveness of the combination of massage therapy and heat therapy in increasing joint range of motion in patients with shoulder pain.These findings provide strong support for the implementation of a combination of massage therapy and heat therapy as an effective approach in shoulder pain rehabilitation by improving joint range of motion limitations. This study contributes to the scientific understanding of the synergistic benefits of both therapies and provides a basis for the development of improved treatment guidelines for individuals with similar conditions.
Keywords: Massage therapy, heat therapy, joint range of motion, shoulder pain.
The Myth about Alzheimer’s Disease Incurability is Wrong: Don’t Miss the Opportunity to Change your Mind
Authors:   Independent Research Engineer, Israel, Diamant Emanuel
Published: June 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a dangerous degenerative disease that affects the central nervous system of elderly people. In recent years, it has become a serious problem facing the modern society. Since the causes of the occurrence and spread of AD are still unknown, scientific research in these matters is of exceptional importance. Its main efforts are directed at the investigation of the mechanisms of the disease’s onset and progression. Among the mechanisms being researched are genetic, epigenetic, molecular, and environmental mechanisms. For unexplainable reasons, this list does not include and does not even mention information processing mechanisms. Why? Information processing is the bulk of brain activity. That is a generally accepted and indisputable frame of mind! The only possible explanation for such a slip can be only one: contemporary neuroscience (neurobiology) knows nothing about what information is and what information processing stands for! The purpose of this article is to correct somehow and perhaps improve this incredible situation.
The Spatiotemporal Eschatology of Hebrews
Authors: Woo Luke
Published: June 2024

There are two coexisting realities classified under New Testament eschatology: the temporal and spatial.While much scholarly attention has focused on the temporal, Luke Woo argues that the spatial aspect is either neglected or relegated to Platonic or cosmological categories. Woo thus seeks to provide a holistic understanding, by investigating these realities for believers under the heavenly tabernacle motif in the Epistle to the Hebrews.

Woo posits that the author of Hebrews presents the heavenly tabernacle and all its high priestly activity in order to eschatologically situate, orient, and ground believers; thus enabling believers to actualize their heavenly, priestly identity by serving as priests on earth. Woo uses Edward Soja'sTripartite Critical Spatialityto analyze the heavenly tabernacle’s Firstspace, Secondspace, and Thirdspace features found in Hebrews 4:14; 8:1–5; 9:1–14. He suggests that Christ, in his resurrection and ascension, enters an actualized, heavenly tabernacle, which allows believers to spiritually occupy that sanctuary space in the presence of God, establishing a spatial orientation for believers who can identify as heavenly priests and be motivated to serve as such as they live on earth.
Quasi-Armies and State-Building in Africa
Authors: Bachmann Olaf
Published: June 2024

Civil-military relations in the Global South are both important and understudied. In practice, this leads to international programmes repeatedly, erroneously assuming that the only way to restore stability, development and peace in post-conflict and post-crisis societies is to focus on state-building. The results in the Global South, and particularly in Africa, have been weak and fragile at best.

In this open access book, through rich new case studies of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Cameroon, and Rwanda, Olaf Bachmann takes an important step in de-Westernizing civil-military relations theory. Focussing on one of the key pillars of the state-the army-and starting from the historically established axiom that there cannot be a state without an army and there cannot be an army without a state, Bachmann demonstrates how and why most African militaries never developed into professional armies. Instead, they have generally remained quasi-armies in the context of the quasi-states that established themselves after independence. Analyzing these events in the context of a wide array of Asian and African sources, Bachmann exposes the Anglo-Eurocentrism at the heart of Samuel Huntington’s hugely influential theory of the soldier and the state, and in so doing, he provides a powerful, more globally relevant re-examination of state-formation processes as they relate to the control of violence.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Bloomsbury Open Collections Library Collective.?
Confucian Feminism
Authors: Rosenlee Li-Hsiang Lisa
Published: June 2024

InConfucian FeminismLi-Hsiang Lisa Rosenlee expands the theoretical horizons of feminism by using characteristic Confucian terms, methods, and concerns to interrogate the issue of gender oppression and liberation.

With its theoretical roots in the Confucian textual tradition, this is the first re-imagining of Confucianism that enriches, and is enriched by, feminism.

Incorporating distinctive Confucian conceptual tools such asren(benevolent governance),xiao(filial care),you(friendship),li(ritual), anddatong(great community), Rosenlee creates an ethic of care that is feminist and Confucian. At the same time she confronts the issue of gender inequity in Confucian thought. Her hybrid feminist theory not only broadens the range of feminist understandings of the roots of gender oppression, but opens up what we believe constitutes gender liberation for women transnationally and transculturally.

Here is a practical ethic that uses Confucianism to navigate the contours of inequality in everyday life.
Modern Spain
Authors: Salvadó Francisco J.  Romero
Published: June 2024

Using a wealth of varied sources, this book is an inspiring and essential gateway to understanding the foundations of modern Spain.Francisco J. Romero Salvadó employs a chronological framework to chart the country’s experience, commencing with the Restoration of the Bourbon Monarch in 1874 up to the present day.Modern Spainis a vital contribution to the study and debate of this country’s history and politics. It provides a thorough, yet concise, study of nearly 150 years of tumultuous historical evolution. It examines the crisis of traditional liberal politics and the subsequent ill-fated attempts at reform through the military dictatorship headed by General Miguel Primo de Rivera and the progressive Second Republic that ensued. The outcome being three years of tragic civil war, followed by the long 40-year dictatorship of General Francisco Franco. It concludes by exploring Spain’s successful and surprisingly rapid transition to democracy and the challenges that it now faces in the 21st century. Romero Salvadó uproots the many myths and blatant distortions that have often surrounded the history of Spain. By offering an analysis within a European context, he also challenges the traditional view of the exceptional character of the country, encapsulated in the motto ‘Spain is different!’ On the contrary, this book so convincingly contends, Spain is a perfect example to show the troubled and often violent path to modernity that western societies had to undergo in their transition from elite to mass politics.
Predicting Outcomes in United States-Japan Trade Negotiations
Authors: Naka Norio
Published: June 2024

The U.S.-Japan Structural Impediments Initiative (SII) was an attempt in which U.S. and Japanese officials tried to solve trade frictions and adjust their economic systems both by creating an international epistemic community and regime and by accelerating domestic structural change through a joint bureaucratic structure (working group) and mutual pressure. With four multidimensionally-layered conceptual models, the book systematically describes and explains the political process of the SII, the reasons for its initiation and reaching agreements. Unlike most studies on U.S.-Japan trade negotiations which use the theoretically undefined case study method, the author tested propositions focussing on different factors (level of U.S. pressure, size and strength of various transgovernmental coalitions, and level of perception gaps) for different degrees of Japanese trade concessions across five SII issue areas (saving-investment patterns, the distribution system, exclusionary business practices, land policy, and keiretsu) by combining a detailed case study with content analysis of newspaper indexes and meeting records. The book adds to the tradition of U.S.-Japan trade negotiation/decision-making research with great insights and practical implications. It further develops Graham Allison's approach, applying it to international trade negotiation process, thereby enhancing the power of describing, explaining, and predicting outcomes of international trade negotiations. Intended for graduate students and specialists studying U.S.-Japan trade negotiations as well as policymakers practicing such negotiations.

To know why and how the SII was initiated and agreed upon and what factors contributed to different degrees of Japanese trade concessions, four multidimensionally-layered conceptual models systematically describe and explain the political process of the SII. Unlike most studies on U.S.-Japan trade negotiations which use the theoretically undefined case study method, the author tested different propositions for different degrees of Japanese trade concessions across five SII issue areas by combining a detailed case study with content analysis of newspaper indexes and meeting records. The book adds to the tradition of U.S.-Japan trade negotiation/decision-making research. It further develops Graham Allison's approach, applying it to the international trade negotiation process, thereby enhancing the power of describing, explaining, and predicting outcomes of international trade negotiations. Intended for graduate students and specialists studying U.S.-Japan trade negotiations as well as policy-makers practicing such negotiations.
Preventing Teen Violence
Authors: McCarthy Sherri N. , Hutz Claudio S.
Published: June 2024

Experts in adolescent psychology offer parents and professionals valuable strategies to help teenagers rechannel aggression and become resilient.
Prisoners, Diplomats, and the Great War
Authors: Speed Richard
Published: June 2024

Military and civilian captivity practices by four major European powers and the United States during World War I are surveyed in this book. Speed argues that while the pressures of total war, as they emerged during the conflict, drove the belligerents to violate many of the norms of war, they attempted to behave in accordance with a liberal tradition of captivity which held that prisoners of war were merely men whom nobody had a right to harm. Aside from a few journal articles that deal with small aspects of the topic, there is no other scholarly work that focuses on captivity during the First World War. Speed makes extensive use of rarely cited American diplomatic records in order to offer a more objective view of camp conditions. A special feature is the depiction of American camps in France drawn from previously uncited War Department records.

The book explores the radical tradition of captivity that emerged in the Soviet Union. This tradition held that the prisoner was not merely a man for whom the war was over, but that he was a potential recruit in the class war whose national loyalty could be subverted in the interest of the ideological conflict. Thus, while the Western world entered the war with a single tradition of captivity, it emerged from the conflict with two antithetical traditions. While the United States and Western Europe in general have clung to the liberal tradition, third world revolutionary states like Vietnam and North Korea have embraced the radical tradition. This book is essential reading for all scholars and students of modern European/American diplomatic and military history. Government officials involved with hostages or prisoners of war will also find much of value here.
Pursuing the Just Cause of Their People
Authors: Gunter Michael M
Published: June 2024

The Armenian terrorist movement is the subject of Michael Gunter's analysis. Beginning with an introductory overview of recent Armenian terrorist attacks against Turkish diplomats and property and perceived allies of the Turks, he then examines historical motivations and goals of the Armenian terrorist movement. Although the present wave of Armenian terrorism began only in the 1970s, Gunter traces its origins to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He outlines the so-called Armenian question which resulted in deportations and massacres of the Armenians by Turks during World War I, and questions where responsibility for the actions and reactions of the period lie. Gunter then focuses on the beginnings of the contemporary Armenian terrorism, placing special emphasis on the catalytic influence of the Lebanese Civil War and the Palestinean movement. Gunter analyzes the two main Armenian terrorist organizations in terms of tactics, transnational connections, and the question of Turkish harassment and counterterror. Finally, he draws conclusions and makes recommendations for beginning a process which might eventually terminate this dangerous and destructive state of affairs.
Putting Defense Back into U.S. Defense Policy
Authors: Eland Ivan
Published: June 2024

This book examines the implications of counterinsurgency wars for U.S. defense policy and makes the compelling argument that the United States' default position on counterinsurgency wars should be to avoid them.

In this compelling study, Eland questions the core assumptions of the American foreign policy and defense establishments that call for military interventions around the world and high and increasing defense budgets at home. He outlines a security policy more appropriate to the sober realities of the post-Cold War era. This is an approach that calls for military restraint overseas, taking advantage of the already secure U.S. geostrategic position, while safeguarding vital national interests. Eland details the military force structure needed for this new role and calculates the reduced defense budget required to pay for these forces.

This book is a timely wake-up call to those who make American foreign and defense policies. It demands a badly needed re-thinking of America's national interests. In the author's view, America's natural geostrategic position places it at a natural advantage, rendering unnecessary a forward defense posture. A non-interventionist foreign policy would save money by requiring lower defense budgets. An America less willing to get involved in complex overseas disputes unrelated to U.S vital interests would also be less likely to make enemies around the world.
The Quantum Revolution
Authors: Peacock Kent A.
Published: June 2024

Quantum mechanics is one of the great success stories of modern physics, making sense of the very small just as Einstein's theory of relativity made sense of the very large. But, for most students, the ideas that make quantum mechanics powerful can be confusing and counterintuitive. This volume in the Greenwood Guides to Great Ideas in Science series provides a history of quantum mechanics from the early breakthroughs of Planck and Einstein, at the beginning of the 20th century, to the present frontiers of quantum computing and quantum gravity. The approach is entirely non-technical, and is aimed at the general reader who may not have much mathematical background but who has a strong curiosity about some of the most important developments in modern science.

Quantum Mechanics: A Historical Perspectivetraces the history of this powerful theory, including: ; The early discoveries by Max Planck and Albert Einstein regarding the quantization of radiation ; The early quantum theory, including Neils Bohr's theory of the atom ; The birth of modern quantum mechanics through the work of Heisenberg, Schrodinger, Born, Dirac and others ; Applications of quantum mechanics in chemistry, nuclear physics, electronics, and many other areas ; Recent work in quantum computation and quantum information theory The book emphasizes the fact that despite the great success of quantum mechanics, many exciting intellectual frontiers remain open for further researchers to explore. It includes a glossary, a timeline, and a bibliography of accessible resources for further research.
Reference Sources in History
Authors: Vyhnanek Louis A. , Fritze Ronald H. , Coutts Brian E.
Published: June 2024

Fully annotated and completely updated—the most comprehensive guide to reference books in the field of history.

Reference Sources in Historycatalogs atlases, encyclopedias, dictionaries, handbooks, sourcebooks, bibliographies, and chronologies and makes sense of it all. Its broad scope and systematic organization make it an accessible, reliable resource for experienced and inexperienced researchers alike.

Fully annotated and updated, the new edition summarizes hundreds of reference works on every conceivable subject in history—from ancient to modern, from Afghanistan to Zimbabwe. This edition also reflects the dramatic impact of the digital revolution on historical research by integrating a wide range of Internet and CD-ROM sources.Reference Sources in Historyis a time-saving alternative to searching the reference stacks or getting lost in an online thicket of dubious historical websites.
Religion and Social System of the Vira' saiva Community
Authors: Chekki Dan A.
Published: June 2024

Using original religious-philosophical texts and sociological research, the author explores the various dimensions of the Virasaiva religious tradition. His sociological analyses of the monastic organization and social structure, the family and the community, the roles of women, and the future of the community emphasize the intricate relationship between religion and the social system. This study of a largely unknown religious community demonstrates how the followers of Virasaivism, known as Lingayats, have been adapting to the changing milieu in North America while retaining the religion's core values. Dr. Chekki shows the interplay between tradition and modernity as the Virasaivas attempt to maintain a distinct identity while adopting the ways of modern culture.
The Roman Catholics in America
Authors: Carey Patrick W.
Published: June 2024

This text provides the student with an historical overview of the people and events that have shaped Roman Catholicism in the United States. It begins with a look at the roots of the American Catholic tradition during the time of Columbus and the arrival of missionaries to the New World. The chapters that follow trace the history of Catholicism from the colonial period to the present day. Fair minded and informative, this book will be useful to anyone teaching a course on Roman Catholicism or American Religion.
Science and Religion, 1450-1900
Authors: Olson Richard G.
Published: June 2024

Galileo. Newton. Darwin. These giants are remembered for their great contributions to one of the most important phenomena in world history: science. But what is often forgotten is the profound influence on their lives and works of thatothergreat phenomenon of Western Culture: Christianity. This book, the first volume in theGreenwood Guides to Science and Religion, explores the many ways in which religion—its ideas, attitudes, practices, and institutions—interacted with science from the beginnings of the Scientific Revolution to the end of the 19th century. Infused with the most up-to-date scholarship, the volume is aimed at the nonspecialist audience, explaining in clear language how inextricably linked science and religion have been during most of the last 500 years.

While discussing how science and religion occasionally clashed, this volume also explores thepositiveinteractions these two institutions have experienced during this seminal period in Western history. The Christian Humanism of the 16th century promoted the new, utilitarian approach to natural knowledge that distinguishes Modern from Medieval science. The Jesuits were instrumental in the development of the experimental and mathematical sciences during the Scientific Revolution. In the 17th century, the English Puritans advocated alchemical science and their opponents, liberal Anglicans, promoted a new, mechanistic approach to the sciences. The geological advances of the 19th century were often religiously motivated; the discoveries of biblical criticism of the same period were inspired by the science of the day. This volume includes a selection of primary source documents to help readers understand the arguments and beliefs of the people of the time, and an annotated bibliography to assist readers in finding further information on the topics.
The Secret Life of the Lawman's Wife
Authors: Alderman Barbara J.
Published: June 2024

During an era when many women concentrated on hearth and home, thousands of women quietly and without pay served in law enforcement. They organized, administered, presented reports to county commissioners, prepared for inspections, comforted victims, disciplined unruly inmates, fought with escapees, rode shotgun with their husbands as backup, and raised children, tended gardens, and kept house. They risked their lives every day and some paid the ultimate price. This is their story.

The office of county sheriff has existed in America since 1634. Between 1800 and 1960, families of the sheriff lived in or near the jail. All family members, young and old, worked alongside the lawman to fulfill the required duties, without additional pay. The mom and pop jail was truly a family business. After the middle of the 20th century, fewer families carried on this tradition as counties modernized and jails became professionalized.
Self-Help and Popular Religion in Early American Culture
Authors: Anker Roy M.
Published: June 2024

One of two volumes on the relationship between popular religion and the self-help tradition in American culture, this book focuses on early America, from the Protestant Ethic and Puritan New England through Revivialism and American Romanticism. The concept of self-help is a distinctive part of the American character of individualism. This volume provides an introductory interpretive guide to major self-help figures and movements with origins in popular religious movements. The opening chapter recounts the perspectives and conclusions of previous histories of American self-help and includes analyses of several important related works. The following chapters present a historical narrative that traces those junctures where American history and popular religion have reputedly and actually intersected. In surveying the historical and scholarly materials that depict the history of popular religion and self-help, this volume emphasizes the historiographical debates that shape the interpretation of the ideas and figures.

This reference will serve as a valuable research tool for American religion and popular culture scholars. Arranged chronologically, this volume discusses, in three major sections, the Protestant Ethic and Puritan New England; Benjamin Franklin, Cotton Mather, and Individualism; and Revivalism, Religious Experience, and the birth of mental healing. An extensive bibliography is included.
Sendero Luminoso and the Threat of Narcoterrorism
Authors: Tarazona-Sevillano Gabriela
Published: June 2024

Sendero Luminoso or the Shining Path ranks among the most elusive, secretive, and brutal guerrilla organizations in the world. Once a radical uprising limited to the Andean highlands of Ayacucho, it is now a movement of national proportions that has woven itself into the fabric of Peruvian society. Unlike many other terrorists groups, Sendero Luminoso is founded upon an intellectual infrastructure crafted by the now legendary Abimael Guzman, a former philosophy professor. The body of the movement, however, is drawn from Peru's long-neglected Indian and mestizo populations. Peru's already fragile democracy is further weakened as the rural and urban underclasses become attached to Sendero Luminoso ideologically and emotionally. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this guerrilla organization and the Peruvian government's dilemma in dealing with it and the emergence of narcoterrorism, a mutually beneficial relationship between the cocaine syndicate and Sendero Luminoso.

The Peruvian cocaine syndicate and Sendero Luminoso have different objectives and ideologies, but share a mutual enemy--the Peruvian government and its armed services. Hence they have combined forces to form a powerful and destructive alliance. Gabriela Tarazona-Sevillano assesses the impact of the Sendero Luminoso on Peruvian society, a new democratic government already besieged by complex and far-reaching problems. The book presents a detailed understanding of the peculiar and very personal nature of Peru's affliction as well as its possible international repercussions.
Sex, Youth, and Sex Education
Authors: Campos David
Published: June 2024

An authoritative reference that discusses the history of sex education and its ramifications in the United States.

Community and school officials, parents, and educators often stay to the wee hours of the night at PTA meetings arguing about sex education and sexual behavior among young people. While some groups preach abstinence and attempt to sign as many youngsters as possible to their rosters, it remains a fact that 50 percent of U.S. teenagers, beginning at age 15, are sexually active.

Sex, Youth, and Sex Educationis a wonderfully crafted resource that gives not only a statistical overview of sexual activity in schools, but also examines sex education, the scourge of sexual violence in schools, and sexuality among selected groups of youngsters. What emerges is a groundbreaking work for educators and students of sociology, psychology, and education. This work brings to light the fascinating—not to mention ubiquitous—world of sexuality among today's youth and its impact on parents, school personnel, policymakers, and society.
Shapers of the Great Debate on Conservation
Authors: White Rachel W.
Published: June 2024

Through biographical examinations of some of the key figures in the debate on conservation, this book seeks to explore a range of subjects, such as the evolution of the conservation movement, its implications for policy-makers, and how it impacts the daily lives of people everywhere. The varying approaches taken by these individuals will serve to emphasize that there are many definitions of conservation, and that many viewpoints are valid. Detailed observations of important figures on both sides of the debate, including some of the most famous and familiar and some less so, provide readers with the knowledge they need to form their own opinions on this topic. Major biographies include individuals such as Rachel Carson, Dixy Lee Ray, John Muir, and James Watt. An introductory essay, an appendix of shorter entries on additional figures, and a bibliography are also included.
Sieges
Authors: Watson Bruce A.
Published: June 2024

.Watson presents five sieges for detailed analysis. The author utilizes the methodology John Keegan developed to define sieges as a form of battle and to explore the categories of combat--those relationships of men versus weapons and the commitment to battle on the part of the contestants--which determined the outcome of battles and wars. Watson's unique study is a contribution to the study of siege warfare and provides a background for understanding the Gulf War--which, Watson shows, was a siege--as well as contemporary global conflict.

The sieges--Jerusalem, Malta, Sebastopol, Kut-al-Amara, and Singapore--are analyzed in great detail. From his analysis, Watson developes a set of characteristics of sieges that is useful for understanding the siege--a form of battle that has been with us for a long time and that will remain a major element of modern warfare. Students of military history and tactics--buffs and professionals--will find value and entertainment in this provocative study.
Silence and Narrative
Authors: Doane Janice L
Published: June 2024

Making use of recent feminist critical theory, Doane considers Gertrude Stein's modernist preoccupation with narrative silence in her early novels. She demonstrates the effects of this preoccupation on Stein's literary development, from the conventionality of her first novel,Q.E.D., throughFernhurstandThree Lives, to the radical transgressions against narrative intelligibility inThe Making Of Americans. Doane, contending that Stein's ultimate revolt against traditional modes of discourse is directly attributable to her position as a woman writer, effectively elaborates the possibilities of creating an alternative feminist discourse and explores the ways in which gender may contribute to meaning.