bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social activity promotes resilience against loneliness in depressed individuals: a study over 14-days of physical isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia
Authors: Ji Julie L. , Basanovic Julian , MacLeod Colin
Published: May 2022

Loneliness is a subjectively perceived state of social isolation that is associated with negative emotional, cognitive, and physical health outcomes. Physical distancing and shelter-in-place public health responses designed to curb COVID-19 transmission has led to concerns over elevated risk of loneliness. Given that physical isolation does not necessitate social isolation in the age of digital communication, this study investigated the relationship between the frequency of social interaction and loneliness over a two-week period in people engaging in physical distancing and examined whether this relationship was moderated by physical isolation level, age, or depression. A self-selected sample of N = 469 individuals across Australia who were engaged in physically distanced living completed daily surveys for 14-days during April to June of 2020. Multilevel modelling showed that more frequent social interaction with close, but not intermediate or distant contacts, was uniquely associated with lower loneliness. In addition, being younger, more depressed, more anxious, or having a mental health condition diagnosis (past or present) were also independently associated with higher loneliness. Critically, depression was the only significant moderator of the relationship between social interaction and loneliness over time, where more frequent social interaction with close contacts buffered against loneliness over time in high depression individuals only. The findings suggest that encouraging social activity with close contacts may promote resilience against loneliness in individuals with elevated depression symptoms.
Food deprivation alters reproductive performance of biocontrol agent Hadronotus pennsylvanicus
Authors: Straser Robert K. , Wilson Houston
Published: May 2022

Diet can influence parasitoid reproductive performance, and therefore, the efficacy of biocontrol programs. We evaluated the influence of food deprivation on the reproductive fitness and behavior of the egg parasitoid Hadronotus pennsylvanicus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), a prospective biocontrol agent for Leptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae). Newly emerged female parasitoids were mated and provided host eggs every other day while being provisioned with various honey diet regimes or a consistent supply of water. When given frequent access to a honey diet, female parasitoids lived significantly longer and parasitized more host eggs compared to the water-fed controls. Once depleted of mature eggs, females with frequent access to honey also contributed to greater non-reproductive host mortality. Furthermore, behavioral assays demonstrated that water-fed females spent less time interacting with host eggs and tended to more frequently divert from oviposition behavior. While there was no difference in the average duration until first oviposition between individuals assigned to different diet treatments, increased frequency of honey feeding was associated with more frequent and longer duration of oviposition. The positive effect of honey feeding on the reproductive performance of biocontrol agent H. pennsylvanicus suggests that performance of this parasitoid under field conditions could be enhanced through the provision of similar carbohydrate resources, such as flowering summer cover crops.
Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks
Authors: Luo Yi , Mengu Deniz , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: May 2022

Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical values at the input and output planes of a diffractive NAND gate using the relative optical power of two spatially-separated apertures. Based on this architecture, we numerically optimized the design of a diffractive neural network composed of 4 passive layers to all-optically perform NAND operation using diffraction of light, and cascaded these diffractive NAND gates to perform complex logical functions by successively feeding the output of one diffractive NAND gate into another. We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as$$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ANDI1,I2=NANDNANDI1,I2,NANDI1,I2and$$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ORI1,I2=NANDNANDI1,I1,NANDI2,I2, respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms.
Synthesis, structural and luminescent properties of Mn-doped calcium pyrophosphate (Ca2P2O7) polymorphs
Authors: Griesiute Diana , Garskaite Edita , Antuzevics Andris , Klimavicius Vytautas , Balevicius Vytautas , Zarkov Aleksej , Katelnikovas Arturas , Sandberg Dick , Kareiva Aivaras
Published: May 2022

In the present work, three different Mn2+-doped calcium pyrophosphate (CPP, Ca2P2O7) polymorphs were synthesized by wet co-precipitation method followed by annealing at different temperatures. The crystal structure and purity were studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SS-NMR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphological features of the synthesized products. Optical properties were investigated using photoluminescence measurements. Excitation spectra, emission spectra, and photoluminescence decay curves of the samples were studied. All Mn-doped polymorphs exhibited a broadband emission ranging from approximately 500 to 730 nm. The emission maximum was host-dependent and centered at around 580, 570, and 595 nm for γ-, β-, and α-CPP, respectively.
Miniaturized QuEChERS extraction method for the detection of multi-residue pesticides in bat muscle tissue
Authors: Guimarães Torquetti Camila , Maciel d’Auriol-Souza Mirna , Coelho André Leiliane , Bittencourt Guimarães Ana Tereza , Soto-Blanco Benito
Published: May 2022

Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the greatest threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability, with physiological implications on wild fauna. Bats (Microchiroptera) are small mammals with a wide variety of eating habits, and the well-being of these animals is disturbed by exposure to pesticides. This study aimed to develop a miniaturized QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction method for the detection of multi-residue pesticides in bat muscle tissue using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 48 pesticides were tested in 250 mg of bat muscle tissue. The developed analytical method was applied to 148 bats collected from two different areas in Minas Gerais State, Southeast Region of Brazil. The method presented good sensitivity and allowed the determination of residues of 48 pesticides in bat muscle using GC–MS. The miniaturized extraction method makes the analysis feasible even when the sample volume is limited. However, no pesticide residues were detected in bats from the two areas investigated.
Dielectric characterization and modelling of aqueous solutions involving sodium chloride and sucrose and application to the design of a bi-parameter RF-sensor
Authors: Bakam Nguenouho O. S. , Chevalier A. , Potelon B. , Benedicto J. , Quendo C.
Published: May 2022

This paper reports on dielectric properties of ternary mixtures involving sodium chloride (NaCl) and sucrose (C12H22O11) dissolved into water (H2O). Broadband electromagnetic characterizations of such mixtures at various concentrations were performed, evidencing a dual behavior made of conductive effects at low frequencies and dipolar relaxation at microwave frequencies. Conductive and dielectric properties resulting from these both effects were integrated into predictive models for variations of Cole–Cole model parameters. Based upon this modelling, an innovative microwave-based sensor able to retrieve concentrations of both sodium chloride and sucrose in ternary aqueous solutions was introduced, designed, realized and assessed. The proposed sensor shows an error lower than 5.5% for concentration ranges of 0 to 154 mmol/L for sodium chloride and 0 to 877 mmol/L for sucrose.
Correlates of individual voice and face preferential responses during resting state
Authors: Eckstein Kathrin N. , Wildgruber Dirk , Ethofer Thomas , Brück Carolin , Jacob Heike , Erb Michael , Kreifelts Benjamin
Published: May 2022

Human nonverbal social signals are transmitted to a large extent by vocal and facial cues. The prominent importance of these cues is reflected in specialized cerebral regions which preferentially respond to these stimuli, e.g. the temporal voice area (TVA) for human voices and the fusiform face area (FFA) for human faces. But it remained up to date unknown whether there are respective specializations during resting state, i.e. in the absence of any cues, and if so, whether these representations share neural substrates across sensory modalities. In the present study, resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) as well as voice- and face-preferential activations were analysed from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data sets of 60 healthy individuals. Data analysis comprised seed-based analyses using the TVA and FFA as regions of interest (ROIs) as well as multi voxel pattern analyses (MVPA). Using the face- and voice-preferential responses of the FFA and TVA as regressors, we identified several correlating clusters during resting state spread across frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital regions. Using these regions as seeds, characteristic and distinct network patterns were apparent with a predominantly convergent pattern for the bilateral TVAs whereas a largely divergent pattern was observed for the bilateral FFAs. One region in the anterior medial frontal cortex displayed a maximum of supramodal convergence of informative connectivity patterns reflecting voice- and face-preferential responses of both TVAs and the right FFA, pointing to shared neural resources in supramodal voice and face processing. The association of individual voice- and face-preferential neural activity with resting state connectivity patterns may support the perspective of a network function of the brain beyond an activation of specialized regions.
Nanophotonic nonlinear and laser devices exploiting bound states in the continuum
Authors: Hwang Min-Soo , Jeong Kwang-Yong , So Jae-Pil , Kim Kyoung-Ho , Park Hong-Gyu
Published: May 2022

The quality factor (Q), describing the rate of energy loss from a resonator, is a defining performance metric for nanophotonic devices. Suppressing cavity radiative losses enables strong nonlinear optical responses or low-power operation to be achieved. Exploiting long-lived, spatially-confined bound states in the continuum (BICs) has emerged from the numerous approaches considered as a promising route to boost nanophotonic Q factors. Initial research explored the formation mechanisms of various types of BICs, drawing parallels to topological physics. With these fundamentals now established, we review the recent application of BICs in passive and active nanophotonic devices.
Governing sustainable transformations of urban social-ecological-technological systems
Authors: Krueger Elisabeth H. , Constantino Sara M. , Centeno Miguel A. , Elmqvist Thomas , Weber Elke U. , Levin Simon A.
Published: May 2022

Cities have grown rapidly—while they provide opportunities for many, they must also confront pervasive and rising inequality, unsustainable consumption, and growing vulnerability to the impacts of climate change. Recent research emphasizes the need to improve urban resilience and sustainability in the face of climate change, but offers circumscribed approaches that mostly focus on either (1) resource management and service provision, (2) social processes and capacities for transformation, or (3) governance and power relations among actors. Here, we embrace the emerging approach that considers urban areas as interdependent social-ecological-technological systems (SETS) and consider the implications for sustainable service provision; the role of bottom-up efforts in initiating urban transformations; and how governance may, under certain conditions, coordinate these efforts to effect broader change.
Ferrofluidic aqueous two-phase system with ultralow interfacial tension and micro-pattern formation
Authors: Rigoni Carlo , Beaune Grégory , Harnist Bent , Sohrabi Fereshteh , Timonen Jaakko V. I.
Published: May 2022

Ferrofluids are magnetic liquids known for the patterns they form in external magnetic fields. Typically, the patterns form at the interface between a ferrofluid and another immiscible non-magnetic fluid with a large interfacial tension γ ∼ 10−2 N m−1, leading to large pattern periodicities. Here we show that it is possible to reduce the interfacial tension several orders of magnitude down to ca. γ ∼ 10−6 N m−1 by using two immiscible aqueous phases based on spontaneous phase separation of dextran and polyethylene glycol and the asymmetric partitioning of superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles into the dextran-rich phase. The system exhibits classic Rosensweig instability in a uniform magnetic field with a periodicity of ∼200 μm, significantly lower than in traditional systems (∼10 mm). This system paves the way towards the science of pattern formation at the limit of vanishing interfacial tension and ferrofluid applications driven by small external magnetic fields.
Laser-sintering fabrication of integrated Al/Ni anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wang Cunshan , Yang Wenfei , Gao Dongdong , Zhang Zhongyuan , Dong Xinglong
Published: May 2022

Integrated Al/Ni electrodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with variant atomic ratios are successfully fabricated by a one-step laser sintering process. The electrodes show working merits without any conductive agent, binder, or the collector.
Iodide-mediated Cu catalyst restructuring during CO2electroreduction
Authors: Yoon Aram , Poon Jeffrey , Grosse Philipp , Chee See Wee , Cuenya Beatriz Roldan
Published: May 2022

“Changes in electrocatalyst morphology induced by iodide pre-treatment and during CO2reduction are visualized using electrochemical cell TEM, revealing how adding iodide leads to stabilized Cu+and I−species, and selectivity towards C2+products”.
Thorough investigation on the high-temperature polymorphism of dipentyl-perylenediimide: thermal expansion vs. polymorphic transition
Authors: Marin Francesco , Tombolesi Serena , Salzillo Tommaso , Yaffe Omer , Maini Lucia
Published: May 2022

An extensive study on polymorphs, crystal structures and thermal expansion of PDI-C5
Support, composition, and ligand effects in partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol using gold–copper clusters
Authors: Brindle Joseph , Sufyan Sayed Abu , Nigra Michael M.
Published: May 2022

The effect of metallic composition, support, and ligands on catalytic performance using AuCu clusters in benzyl alcohol oxidation is investigated.
Parallel tempered genetic algorithm guided by deep neural networks for inverse molecular design
Authors: Nigam AkshatKumar , Pollice Robert , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: May 2022

We present JANUS, an evolutionary algorithm for inverse molecular design. It propagates an explorative and an exploitative population exchanging members via parallel tempering and uses active learning via deep neural networks to enhance sampling.
Engineered osmosis – sustainable technology for water recovery, product concentration and energy generation
Authors: Kaleekkal Noel Jacob , Nambikkattu Jenny , Rasheeda Satheesh Ajmal , Gonzales Ralph Rolly , Shon Ho Kyong , Vigneswaran Saravanamuthu
Published: May 2022

Engineered osmosis (EO) holds a vast untapped potential to be commercially exploited for various applications, including water recovery, product concentration, and energy generation.
Rational mechanochemical design of Diels–Alder crosslinked biocompatible hydrogels with enhanced properties
Authors: Bailey Sophia J. , Barney Christopher W. , Sinha Nairiti J. , Pangali Sai Venkatesh , Hawker Craig J. , Helgeson Matthew E. , Valentine Megan T. , Read de Alaniz Javier
Published: May 2022

The propensity of Diels–Alder adducts to undergo mechanically induced cycloreversion is related to the failure strength of crosslinked hydrogels. Moreover, we present a new diene that imparts rapid gelation and improved material strength.
Ambient temperature cross-linking of a sustainable, cardanol-based cyanate esterviasynergistic thiol–ene copolymerization
Authors: Muldoon Jake A. , Garrison Michael D. , Savolainen Markku A. , Harvey Benjamin G.
Published: May 2022

A cyanate ester derived from bio-based cardanol was cross-linked at room temperatureviasynergistic thiol–ene chemistry catalyzed by UV irradiation.
G4-Quartet hydrogel loaded with doxorubicin and hemin for cascade chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Raj Gowtham , Dommeti Viswa Kalyan Kumar , Pradeep Vinayak , Veetil Abhindev Kizhakke , Varghese Reji
Published: May 2022

A single-step strategy for the crafting of guanosine-based hydrogel as a nanoscaffold for the efficient loading and stimuli-responsive co-delivery of a CDT agent and H2O2 generating species for combination cancer therapy is demonstrated.
Acid-promoted formal [3 + 2] cyclization/N,O-ketalization of in situ generated ortho-alkynyl quinone methides: access to bridged 2,3-cyclopentanoindoline skeletons
Authors: Wang Ruo-Nan , Ma Yan-Hua , Su Qing-Qiang , Fan Ya-Xin , Lv Yong-Zheng , Zhang Xiang-Zhi , Wang Yan-Lan , Huang Hong-Li , Du Ji-Yuan
Published: May 2022

An acid-catalyzed formal [3 + 2] cyclization/N,O-ketalization of in situ formed ortho-alkynyl quinone methides (o-AQMs) and tryptophol derivatives was developed.
Remote C(sp3)–H activation: palladium-catalyzed intermolecular arylation and alkynylation with organolithiums and terminal alkynes
Authors: Chen Peng , Wang Zhi-Yong , Wang Jia-Xin , Peng Xiao-Shui , Wong Henry N. C.
Published: May 2022

A 1,4-palladium shift is regarded as one of the solutions towards the challenging remote C(sp3)–H activation.
Study of resistance performance of Al2O3–ZnO–Y2O3thermal control coating exposed to vacuum-ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Li Tao , Kang Hongjun , Lu Songtao , Qin Wei , Wu Xiaohong
Published: May 2022

The Al2O3–ZnO–Y2O3thermal control coatingin situfabricated by PEO technology, shows a good resistance performance to vacuum-ultraviolet radiation. Further, its life prediction model at vacuum-ultraviolet irradiation is preliminarily established.
Crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties of stereocomplexed poly(lactide) with flexible PLLA/PCL multiblock copolymer
Authors: Jing Zhanxin , Huang Xiaolan , Liu Xinqi , Liao Mingneng , Zhang Zhaoxia , Li Yong
Published: May 2022

The PLLA/PCL multi-block copolymer was introduced into the stereocomplexed PLA matrix, and its effect on the crystallization, thermal and mechanical properties of the stereocomplexed PLA was discussed.
Solid state molybdenum carbide nanomotors driven via high temperature carbon-decomposition catalytic reactions
Authors: Egoshi Tomoya , Uemura Naoki , Kizuka Tokushi
Published: May 2022

Time series of TEM images observed in the motion of a MoC nanomotor encapsulated in a carbon nanotube during in situ laser irradiation.
Preparation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural using magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2-TaOPO4 catalyst in 2-pentanol
Authors: Li Xinglong , Li Mingming , Liu Yuxin , Feng Yisi , Pan Pan
Published: May 2022

A novel magnetic core–shell mesoporous nanocomposite loaded with amorphous tantalum phosphate (Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2-TaOPO4) was prepared and used as a catalyst for preparing HMF.
A La and Nb co-doped BaTiO3 film with positive-temperature-coefficient of resistance for thermal protection of batteries
Authors: Zhang Min , Fop Sacha , Kramer Denis , Garcia-Araez Nuria , Hector Andrew L.
Published: May 2022

A positive-temperature-coefficient of resistance La and Nb co-doped BaTiO3 film is developed to build safer batteries. The film exhibits high thermal stability and safety performance under abuse conditions, effectively preventing the cells from undergoing thermal runaway.
Alloying electrode coatings towards better magnesium batteries
Authors: Pechberty Clément , Hagopian Arthur , Ledeuil Jean-Bernard , Foix Dominique , Allouche Joachim , Chotard Jean-Noël , Lužanin Olivera , Bitenc Jan , Dominko Robert , Dedryvère Rémi , Filhol Jean-Sébastien , Stievano Lorenzo , Berthelot Romain
Published: May 2022

The surface of magnesium electrodes are protected through the action of liquid gallium. The resulting alloy coating enables enhanced plating/stripping and consequently better magnesium full cells with conventional electrolytes.
Constructing ferroelectric–antiferroelectric phase boundary in PbZrO3-based ceramics for enhancing hydrostatic-pressure-induced depolarization performances significantly
Authors: Qiao Peixin , Yang Ying , Chen Xuefeng , Wang Yiping , Wang Genshui , Zhang Jiyang
Published: May 2022

The low depolarization-pressure and excellent temperature stability of ferroelectric materials are key to obtaining overspeed discharge in explosive energy conversion.
Understanding electrochemical properties of supported lipid bilayers interfaced with organic electronic devices
Authors: Lu Zixuan , van Niekerk Douglas , Savva Achileas , Kallitsis Konstantinos , Thiburce Quentin , Salleo Alberto , Pappa Anna-Maria , Owens Róisín M.
Published: May 2022

Native and synthetic membranes can be electrically monitored by creating supported lipid bilayers on top of conducting polymer electrodes. Cell membrane characteristics, e.g. the function of transmembrane proteins, are studied in this paper, along with device sensitivity.
Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films on SrTiO3(111)
Authors: Song Tingfeng , Estandía Saúl , Dix Nico , Gàzquez Jaume , Gich Martí , Fina Ignasi , Sánchez Florencio
Published: May 2022

The orthorhombic phase of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 is stabilized by tilted epitaxy on LSMO/SrTiO3(111). The films present crystal variants with the polarization vector at different tilting angles with respect to the normal.
Electrically responsive structural transformations triggered by vapour and temperature in a series of pleochroic bis(oxalato)chromium(iii) complex salts
Authors: Dunatov Marko , Puškarić Andreas , Pavić Luka , Štefanić Zoran , Androš Dubraja Lidija
Published: May 2022

Complex salts of DABCO- and ABCO-based cations and bis(oxalato)chromium(iii) anions, prepared by a simple and environmentally friendly approach, exhibit stimuli-responsive structural transformations involving desolvation and resolvation processes.
Painting for a Purpose: A Visual Arts Program as a Method to Promote Engagement, Communication, Cognition, and Quality of Life for Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Jeppson Tertia A. , Nudo Caitlin A. , Mayer Jamie F.
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

The arts (e.g., music and painting) have received considerable theoretical and observational support as a cognitive stimulation technique for persons living with dementia (PLWD). However, particularly for visual arts, limited empirical support exists. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to pilot a free-form arts program for PLWD in the context of a cognitive stimulation paradigm and measure subsequent engagement, communication, cognitive–linguistic function, and quality of life.

Method:

Three PLWD (one each in mild-to-moderate, moderate, and moderate-to-severe stages) were referred for study participation by a local long-term care facility. A single subject across subjects, ABA reversal design was used to assess intervention effects over a period of 8 weeks, in comparison to an active control condition (cooking activity). Cognitive–linguistic function and quality of life were assessed using standardized measures at baseline and follow-up. Engagement and communication were probed regularly across each study phase.

Results:

Significant changes were seen in participants' engagement and communication during painting sessions compared to the control activity. A nonsignificant positive trend was noted for self-rated quality of life from baseline to follow-up. Pre–post testing revealed nominal change in cognitive–linguistic functions.

Conclusions:

An arts program led to significant increases in constructive engagement and communication and a trend toward increased self-rated quality of life for the three PLWD. The fact that these changes were not sustained outside intervention sessions (i.e., pre–post testing) is consistent with the need for a larger paradigm shift in which rehabilitation specialists—including speech-language pathologists—better integrate creative, meaningful activities into the everyday lives of PLWD to maximize ongoing engagement, communication, and quality of life.
Perceptions of Speech-Language Pathologists' Service Provision in the Opioid Epidemic: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Maxwell Jamie , Rutherford Kelly , Holland Pamela , Fry Lisa , Rigon Arianna , Lankford Audrey
Published: May 2022

Purpose:

This research intended to identify current practices being implemented with children who have a history or suspected history of opioid exposure, as well as challenges faced by speech-language pathologists in the schools.

Method:

Focus group data from three groups totaling 20 speech-language pathologists (SLPs) working in schools in West Virginia, also used in a previous study, were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis to better understand SLP service provision to children with a history or suspected history of opioid exposure.

Results:

Results revealed two primary themes, reported as (a) service delivery in action (current practice trends and challenges) and (b) affective/cognitive manifestations (uncertainty about their role and various emotions expressed) of the SLPs who participated in the focus groups.

Conclusions:

This study revealed important clinical implications derived from the reports of participants. Particularly, the importance of communication and advocacy in the care of these children and the need to rethink what our scope of practice means when working with this vulnerable population are discussed.
Pansharpening scheme using spatial detail injection–based convolutional neural networks
Authors: Saxena Nidhi , Saxena Gaurav , Khare Neelu , Rahman Md Habibur
Published: May 2022

Pansharpening produces a high spatial‐spectral resolution pansharpened image by combining multispectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) images. In the traditional multi‐resolution analysis (MRA) method, detailed PAN images are extracted by transformation methods that are injected into MS images. This gives spatial and spectral distortions in the pansharpened image. These distortions can be reduced in the pansharpened image by the correct matching of the PAN detail image component. This correct matching is possible by the convolutional neural network (CNN)–based models. This paper obtains the detailed image component using the CNN models. This CNN model extracts the PAN detail image that is suitable for the MRA‐based pansharpening scheme which significantly reduces the spatial and spectral distortions. It is demonstrated by qualitative and quantitative analysis applied on GeoEye‐1 and IKONOS satellite images and shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Generalized large optics fabrication multiplexing
Authors: Kim Daewook , Ke Xiaolong , Pullen Weslin , Wang Tianyi , Choi Heejoo , Negi Vipender Singh , Huang Lei , Idir Mourad
Published: May 2022

High precision astronomical optics are manufactured through deterministic computer controlled optical surfacing processes, such as subaperture small tool polishing, magnetorheological finishing, bonnet tool polishing, and ion beam figuring. Due to the small tool size and the corresponding tool influence function, large optics fabrication is a highly time-consuming process. The framework of multiplexed figuring runs for the simultaneous use of two or more tools is presented. This multiplexing process increases the manufacturing efficiency and reduces the overall cost using parallelized subaperture tools.
RTS nach Syndesmosenruptur – ein neuer Ansatz für die Rehabilitation
Authors: D’Hooghe Pieter , Tak Igor , Gokeler Alli
Published: May 2022

Eine qualitativ hochwertige Rehabilitation ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Rückkehr zum Sport nach einer Syndesmosenverletzung. Die Autoren stellen einen neuen Ansatz vor, der diesem Anspruch gerecht wird.
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Lepidium Sativum L Seed Extract: Formulation, Optimization and In vitro Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Ahmad Asad , Tabassum Heena , Nabi Rabia , Mishra Anuradha , Ahmad Iffat Zareen
Published: May 2022

The current study focused on important bioactive compounds in plants that make them pharmacologically valuable. Therefore, this study was aimed to develop Lepidium sativum (L. sativum) seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and explore its cytotoxic effect on human liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells). The ethanolic extract of L. sativam used to develop L. sativum seed extract loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for phytochemical profiling. The L. sativum seed extract loaded SLNs were efficaciously prepared by the nanoprecipitation method and screened on the basis of physicochemical properties. The L. sativum seed extract loaded SLN-2 was characterized using various parameters like particle size (237.1±0.104), % entrapment efficiency (80±1.15), zeta potential (42.1±0.102) and % drug release (45% at the end 8 hours and release the entire amount in 12 h). The SLN-2 formulation was optimized based on the recipient factor, and SLN-2 was used to further evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The IC50 value of SLN2 was 52.37 ug/ml and sub IC50 26.1 ug/ml at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Thus, we concluded that L. sativum extract loaded SLN-2 could act as an alternative therapy, possibly controlling therapeutic action by making a substantial reduction in side effects.
Audit of Postoperative Readmissions and Patient Messages following Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery
Authors: Harary Maya , Bommakanti Krishna K. , Nakhla Morcos N. , Kosaraju Nikitha , Heaney Anthony P. , Kim Won , Lee Jivianne T. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Bergsneider Marvin , Wang Marilene B.
Published: May 2022

Objectives The aim of this study was to identify the reasons for patient messages, phone calls, and emergency department (ED) visits prior to the first postoperative visit following discharge after endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal (eTNTS) surgery.

Design This is a retrospective review of patients at a tertiary care academic center who underwent eTNTS for resection of a sellar region tumor between May 2020 and August 2021. Patient, tumor, and surgical characteristics were collected, along with postoperative, postdischarge, and readmission information. Regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors associated with postdischarge phone calls, messages, ED visits, and readmissions.

Main Outcome Measures The main outcomes were the number of and reasons for phone calls, patient messages, and ED visits between hospital discharge and the first postoperative visit. We additionally determined whether these reasons were addressed in each patient's discharge instructions.

Results A total of 98 patients underwent eTNTS during the study period. The median length of hospital stay was 2 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1–4 days), at which point most patients (82%) were provided with eTNTS-specific discharge instructions. First postoperative visit took place 9 days after discharge (IQR: 7–10 days). Within that time, 54% of patients made at least one phone call or sent at least electronic message and 17% presented to the ED. Most common reasons for call/message were nasal care, appointment scheduling, and symptom and medication questions.

Conclusion Through this work, we highlight the most common reasons for resource utilization via patient phone calls, messages, and ED visits among our cohort to better understand any shortfall or gap in the discharge process that may reduce these events.
Clinical Application of Ultrasound-guided Electrode Placement and Detection of Nerve Action Potential
Authors: Han Dong , Xu Le , Xu Jianguang
Published: May 2022

Background We explore a minimally invasive method (combined ultrasound detection, electrode placement and electrophysiologic nerve examination) to evaluate the early-stage quality of a nerve suture site.

Methods Ten patients with median and/or ulnar nerve injuries who had undergone nerve suture were recruited. Postoperative ultrasound examination found that the nerve injury was sutured. Then, a stimulating electrode and recording electrode were located beside the nerve proximal and distal to the suture site guided by ultrasound. Measurement of nerve action potentials (NAP) were performed with these electrodes, followed by surgical exploration. The pre- and intraoperative electrophysiologic findings were compared, together with amplitude, latency, and wave shape of NAP.

Results Of the 10 patients, 3 patients were diagnosed with median nerve injury, 2 with ulnar nerve injury, and 5 with the median nerve and ulnar nerve injury. NAP could not be detected pre- and intraoperatively in three median nerves from three patients and in two ulnar nerves from two patients. NAP was detected in 10 nerves from the remaining 5 patients. The pre- and intraoperative NAP results showed consistent results concerning the status of the nerve suture. Wilcoxon's signed-rank test indicated no significant difference in the amplitude and latency detected via sonographically placed electrodes and during surgical exploration. The number of negative-phase waves were equally distributed.

Conclusion Ultrasound-guided electrode placement and NAP detection can substitute surgery and serve as a minimally invasive approach to evaluate the regeneration of a sutured nerve.
Observation of Posttonsillectomy Wounds Using Endoscopy and Examination of the Postoperative Course by Wound Type
Authors: Yoshida Akinori , Furukawa Takatoshi , Nagase Teruaki
Published: May 2022

Palatine tonsillectomy is a surgical procedure that novice otolaryngologists should master early and is taught at many medical institutions. Unfortunately, however, the transoral procedure cannot provide a large enough field of view to doctors other than the one performing the operation. Therefore, it is difficult to share the surgical field and provide real-time teaching. Dissection of the wrong layer can cause postoperative bleeding and pain. Our department uses a 70-degree, 4-mm rigid endoscope for palatine tonsillectomy, which makes it possible for preceptors to teach tonsillectomy in real time and to evaluate the condition of the postoperative wound in detail. We classified the postoperative state after tonsillectomy into three stages, based on the degree of residual subcapsular connective tissue. We assessed the association between the amount of residual subcapsular connective tissue and the underlying disease that required indication for tonsillectomy, the postoperative course, and the operation time in 33 patients who had undergone palatine tonsillectomy at our institution between May 2017 and November 2020. We found that the more the subcapsular connective tissue that remained, the less the postoperative pain and bleeding. This association suggests that conserving the subcapsular connective tissue is important. Bringing the endoscope closer to the surgical field to observe the field without blind areas enables adequate hemostasis and easy sharing of the surgical field; therefore, this method is also effective for teaching tonsillectomy to surgical trainees.
Word Recognition Performance for Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 Word Lists in Quiet and in Competing Message
Authors: Stoppenbach Daniel T. , Craig Jeanne M. , Wiley Terry L. , Wilson Richard H.
Published: May 2022

Word recognition norms were determined for the Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 (NU-6) released on the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Disc 1.1. Word recognition performance (in quiet and in competing message) was measured at 12 presentation levels for 24 young adults with normal hearing. Test-retest reliability also was evaluated. Word recognition scores for VA Disc 1.1 were generally higher than those reported for VA Disc 1.0. The differences in NU-6 scores across disc versions, however, were small and unlikely to affect clinical decisions based on word recognition tests. Score differences on test-retest for the VA Disc 1.1 version of the NU-6 with a competing message background also were small and unlikely to affect clinical outcomes. Overall, based on comparisons of scores for the disc versions of the NU-6, it appears that the two different recordings can be used interchangeably for clinical applications.

Abbreviations: CD = compact disc, NU-6 = Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6, VA = Department of Veterans Affairs, W/CML = word to competing message level
Grappling with variable mass problems
Authors: Piccone Ashley
Published: May 2022

Solving the vertical launch of grappling hooks to find the best approaches for students
Studying bat echoes through computer reconstruction
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: May 2022

Following bats as they frequency adjust for the Doppler effect is impossible with traditional microphone measurements, so instead the echoes were recreated with software.
Influence of atomistic protrusion on the substrate on molecular luminescence in tunnel junctions
Authors: Zhu Jia-Zhe , Chen Gong , Dong Zhen-Chao
Published: May 2022

Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) induced luminescence can be used to study various optoelectronic phenomena of single molecules and to understand the fundamental photophysical mechanisms involved. To clearly observe the molecule-specific luminescence, it is important to improve the quantum efficiency of molecules in the metallic nanocavity. In this work, we investigate theoretically the influence of an atomic-scale protrusion on the substrate on the emission properties of a point dipole oriented parallel to the substrate in a silver plasmonic nanocavity by electromagnetic simulations. We find that an atomic-scale protrusion on the substrate can strongly enhance the quantum efficiency of a horizontal dipole emitter, similar to the situation with a protrusion at the tip apex. We also consider a double-protrusion junction geometry in which there is an atomic-scale protrusion on both the tip and the substrate, and find that this geometry does provide significantly enhanced emission compared with the protrusion-free situation, but does not appear to improve the quantum efficiency compared to the mono-protrusion situation either at the tip apex or on the substrate. These results are believed to be instructive for future STM induced electroluminescence and photoluminescence studies on single molecules.
Understanding photolysis of CH3ONO2 with on-the-fly nonadiabatic dynamics simulation at the ADC(2) level
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Peng Jiawei , Hu Deping , Xu Chao , Lan Zhenggang
Published: May 2022

The nonadiabatic dynamics of methyl nitrate (CH3ONO2) is studied with the on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping dynamics at the ADC(2) level. The results confirmed the existence of the ultrafast nonadiabatic decay to the electronic ground state. When the dynamics starts from S1 and S2, the photoproducts are CH3O+NO2, consistent with previous results obtained from the experimental studies and theoretical dynamics simulations at more accurate XMS-CASPT2 level. The photolysis products are CH3O+NO2 at the ADC(2) level when the dynamics starts from S3, while different photolysis products were obtained in previous experimental and theoretical works. These results demonstrate that the ADC(2) method may still be useful for treating the photolysis mechanism of CH3ONO2 at the long-wavelength UV excitation, while great caution should be paid due to its inaccurate performance in the description of the photolysis dynamics at the short-wavelength UV excitation. This gives valuable information to access the accuracy when other alkyl nitrates are treated at the ADC(2) level.
Semi-Empirical model to retrieve finite temperature terahertz absorption spectra using Morse potential
Authors: Ma Huifang , Yang Yanzhao , Jing Heng , Jiang Wanshun , Guo Wenyue , Ren Hao
Published: May 2022

Terahertz (THz) absorption is a fingerprint property of materials, due to the underlying low-frequency vibration/phonon modes being strongly dependent on the chemical constitutions and microscopic structures. The low excitation energies (0.414−41.4 meV) are related to two intrinsic properties of THz vibrations: the potential energy surfaces (PESs) are shallow, and the vibrationally excited states are usually populated via thermal fluctuations. The shallow PESs make the vibrations usually anharmonic, leading to redshifted vibrational excited state absorption; combined with considerable vibrational excited states population, characteristic THz signals are usually redshifted and congested with varying degrees at different temperatures. Combining existing experimental THz spectra at low temperatures, first principles vibration analysis, and the Morse potential, we developed a semi-empirical model to evaluate the anharmonicity of the low-frequency modes. The model was benchmarked with purine molecular crystal to generate THz spectra at different temperatures, the results were consistent with experiments. The good agreement suggests this model would facilitate the application of THz spectroscopy in molecular crystal characterization.
Structural and electronic properties of NbN/GaN junctions grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Wright John G. , Chang Celesta S. , Muller David A. , Xing Huili G. , Jena Debdeep
Published: May 2022

We report the structural and electronic properties of NbN/GaN junctions grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. High crystal-quality NbN films grown on GaN exhibit superconducting critical temperatures in excess of 10 K for thicknesses as low as 3 nm. We observe that the NbN lattice adopts the stacking sequence of the underlying GaN and that domain boundaries in the NbN thereby occur at the site of atomic steps in the GaN surface. The electronic properties of the NbN/GaN junction are characterized using Schottky barrier diodes. Current–voltage–temperature and capacitance–voltage measurements are used to determine the Schottky barrier height of the NbN/GaN junction, which we conclude is ∼1.3 eV.
Spectra dependent photonic structure design for energy harvesting by indoor photovoltaic devices
Authors: Saha Ajanta , Maria Eymana , Baten Md Zunaid
Published: May 2022

In this work, we report spectra-dependent energy harvesting by optimizing the photon management of an indoor photovoltaic device while taking into consideration the degradation of electrical transport characteristics caused by the nano-photonic structures. For the test case of a CdTe-based photovoltaic device, it has been shown that although the incorporation of dielectric-filled nanoholes in the absorber layer can enhance light absorption by about 40%, the optical-to-electrical conversion efficiency of the device is significantly diminished because of the degradation of the electrical transport characteristics. Instead, the best performance metrics are obtained when the nanostructures are incorporated in the window layer of the device alone. A finite difference time domain based numerical analysis, coupled with Poisson’s equation and continuity equation, shows that by controlling the areal density of the optimized structure in direct correlation with spectral characteristics of the illuminating light source, it is possible to maximize the overall power conversion efficiency of the indoor photovoltaic device. In the case of commercial white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), large arealdensities of holes are found to be more conducive for harvesting energy from cool-white LEDs, whereas smaller areal densities of holes provide better performances for illumination under warm-glow white LEDs.
Lithium-based vertically aligned nanocomposite films incorporating LixLa0.32(Nb0.7Ti0.32)O3 electrolyte with high Li+ ion conductivity
Authors: Lovett Adam J. , Kursumovic Ahmed , Dutton Siân , Qi Zhimin , He Zihao , Wang Haiyan , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L.
Published: May 2022

Vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin films have shown strong potential in oxide nanoionics but are yet to be explored in detail in solid-state battery systems. Their 3D architectures are attractive because they may allow enhancements in capacity, current, and power densities. In addition, owing to their large interfacial surface areas, the VAN could serve as models to study interfaces and solid-electrolyte interphase formation. Here, we have deposited highly crystalline and epitaxial vertically aligned nanocomposite films composed of a LixLa0.32±0.05(Nb0.7±0.1Ti0.32±0.05)O3±δ-Ti0.8±0.1Nb0.17±0.03O2±δ-anatase [herein referred to as LL(Nb, Ti)O-(Ti, Nb)O2] electrolyte/anode system, the first anode VAN battery system reported. This system has an order of magnitude increased Li+ ionic conductivity over that in bulk Li3xLa1/3−xNbO3 and is comparable with the best available Li3xLa2/3−xTiO3 pulsed laser deposition films. Furthermore, the ionic conducting/electrically insulating LL(Nb, Ti)O and electrically conducting (Ti, Nb)O2 phases are a prerequisite for an interdigitated electrolyte/anode system. This work opens up the possibility of incorporating VAN films into an all solid-state battery, either as electrodes or electrolytes, by the pairing of suitable materials.