bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep in a Gymnasium: A Study to Examine the Psychophysiological and Environmental Conditions in Shelter-Analogue Settings
Authors: Mizuno Koh , Okamoto-Mizuno Kazue , Tanabe Motoko , Niwano Katsuko
Published: November 2016

We aimed to examine sleep in shelter-analogue settings to determine the sleep and environmental conditions in evacuation shelters. A summer social/educational event was conducted in an elementary school, wherein children and their parents (n = 109) spent one night in the school gymnasium; a total of 15 children and 7 adults completed the study. Data were recording using wrist actigraphy and questionnaires, from two days before the event to two days after the event. During the night in the gymnasium, sleep initiation in the children was found to be significantly delayed, whereas adults did not show any significant change in actigraphic sleep parameters. Although 57% of adults complained of stiffness of the floor, only 7% of children had the same complaint. The nocturnal noise recorded at four locations in the gymnasium showed that the percentage of 1-min data epochs with a noise level >40 dB ranged from 53% to 74% during lights-out. The number of subjects that woke up during the night showed a similar pattern with the changes in the noise level. The changes in sleep might represent event-specific responses, such as to a noisy environment, and the different complaints between adults and children could be useful in shelter management.
Spatiotemporal Information Extraction from a Historic Expedition Gazetteer
Authors: Bekele Mafkereseb , De By Rolf , Singh Gaurav
Published: November 2016

Historic expeditions are events that are flavored by exploratory, scientific, military or geographic characteristics. Such events are often documented in literature, journey notes or personal diaries. A typical historic expedition involves multiple site visits and their descriptions contain spatiotemporal and attributive contexts. Expeditions involve movements in space that can be represented by triplet features (location, time and description). However, such features are implicit and innate parts of textual documents. Extracting the geospatial information from these documents requires understanding the contextualized entities in the text. To this end, we developed a semi-automated framework that has multiple Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing components to extract the spatiotemporal information from a two-volume historic expedition gazetteer. Our framework has three basic components, namely, the Text Preprocessor, the Gazetteer Processing Machine and the JAPE (Java Annotation Pattern Engine) Transducer. We used the Brazilian Ornithological Gazetteer as an experimental dataset and extracted the spatial and temporal entities from entries that refer to three expeditioners’ site visits (which took place between 1910 and 1926) and mapped the trajectory of each expedition using the extracted information. Finally, one of the mapped trajectories was manually compared with a historical reference map of that expedition to assess the reliability of our framework.
High-Strength Ultra-Fine-Grained Hypereutectic Al-Si-Fe-X (X = Cr, Mn) Alloys Prepared by Short-Term Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Průša Filip , Bláhová Markéta , Vojtěch Dalibor , Kučera Vojtěch , Bernatiková Adriana , Kubatík Tomáš , Michalcová Alena
Published: November 2016

In this work, Al-20Si-10Fe-6Cr and Al-20Si-10Fe-6Mn (wt %) alloys were prepared by a combination of short-term mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. The microstructure was composed of homogeneously dispersed intermetallic particles forming composite-like structures. X-ray diffraction analysis and TEM + EDS analysis determined that the α-Al along with α-Al15(Fe,Cr)3Si2 or α-Al15(Fe,Mn)3Si2 phases were present, with dimensions below 130 nm. The highest hardness of 380 ± 7 HV5 was observed for the Al-20Si-10Fe-6Mn alloy, exceeding the hardness of the reference as-cast Al-12Si-1Cu-1 Mg-1Ni alloy (121 ± 2 HV5) by nearly a factor of three. Both of the prepared alloys showed exceptional thermal stability with the hardness remaining almost the same even after 100 h of annealing at 400 °C. Additionally, the compressive strengths of the Al-20Si-10Fe-6Cr and Al-20Si-10Fe-6Mn alloys reached 869 MPa and 887 MPa, respectively, and had virtually the same values of 870 MPa and 865 MPa, respectively, even after 100 h of annealing. More importantly, the alloys showed an increase in ductility at 400 °C, reaching several tens of percent. Thus, both of the investigated alloys showed better mechanical properties, including superior hardness, compressive strength and thermal stability, as compared to the reference Al-10Si-1Cu-1Mg-1Ni alloy, which softened remarkably, reducing its hardness by almost 50% to 63 ± 8 HV5.
Combined Use of Zoledronic Acid Augments Ursolic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells through Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Autophagy
Authors: Wu Chia-Chieh , Huang Yi-Fu , Hsieh Chen-Pu , Chueh Pin-Ju , Chen Yao-Li
Published: November 2016

Ursolic acid (UA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene acid found in many medicinal herbs and edible plants, triggers apoptosis in several tumor cell lines but not in human bone cancer cells. Most recently, we have demonstrated that UA exposure reduces the viability of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells through enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, zoledronic acid (ZOL), also a third-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is effective in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with various solid tumors. In this present study, we found that UA combined with ZOL to significantly suppress cell viability, colony formation, and induce apoptosis in two lines of human osteosarcoma cells. The pre-treatment of the antioxidant had reversed the oxidative stress and cell viability inhibition in the combined treatment, indicating that oxidative stress is important in the combined anti-tumor effects. Moreover, we demonstrated that ZOL combined with UA significantly induced autophagy and co-administration of autophagy inhibitor reduces the growth inhibitory effect of combined treatment. Collectively, these data shed light on the pathways involved in the combined effects of ZOL and UA that might serve as a potential therapy against osteosarcoma.
Investigation on Fluorescence Quenching Mechanism of Perylene Diimide Dyes by Graphene Oxide
Authors: Zhao Yuzhen , Li Kexuan , He Zemin , Zhang Yongming , Zhao Yang , Zhang Haiquan , Miao Zongcheng
Published: November 2016

Perylene diimide derivatives were used as probes to investigate the effect of the molecular structures on the fluorescence quenching mechanism in a perylene diimide/graphene oxide system. The electrons transferred from the excited state of dyes to the conductive band of graphene oxide with different concentrations were determined by fluorescence spectra. The results indicated that the quenching efficiency of perylene diimides by graphene oxide was not only dependent on the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level of dyes and the conduction band of the graphene oxide, but also mainly on the difference in the molecular structures.
Comparison of Site-Specific Bone Mineral Densities between Endurance Runners and Sprinters in Adolescent Women
Authors: Ikedo Aoi , Ishibashi Aya , Matsumiya Saori , Kaizaki Aya , Ebi Kumiko , Fujita Satoshi
Published: November 2016

We aimed to compare site-specific bone mineral densities (BMDs) between adolescent endurance runners and sprinters and examine the relationship of fat-free mass (FFM) and nutrient intake on BMD. In this cross-sectional study, 37 adolescent female endurance runners and sprinters (16.1 ± 0.8 years) were recruited. BMD and FFM were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Nutrient intake and menstrual state were evaluated by questionnaires. After adjusting for covariates, spine and total bone less head (TBLH) BMDs were significantly higher in sprinters than endurance runners (TBLH, 1.02 ± 0.05 vs. 0.98 ± 0.06 g/cm2; spine, 0.99 ± 0.06 vs. 0.94 ± 0.06 g/cm2; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in other sites. The rate of menstrual abnormality was higher in endurance runners compared with sprinters (56.3% vs. 23.8%; p < 0.05). FFM was a significant covariate for BMD on all sites except the spine (p < 0.05). Dietary intake of vitamin D was identified as a significant covariate only for pelvic BMD (p < 0.05). The BMDs of different sites among endurance runners and sprinters were strongly related to FFM. However, the association of FFM with spine BMD cannot be explained by FFM alone. Other factors, including nutrition and/or mechanical loading, may affect the spine BMD.
Methods of Synthesis, Properties and Biomedical Applications of CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Grigore Madalina , Biscu Elena , Holban Alina , Gestal Monica , Grumezescu Alexandru
Published: November 2016

This study aims to provide an updated survey of the main synthesis methods of copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles in order to obtain tailored nanosystems for various biomedical applications. The synthesis approach significantly impacts the properties of such nanoparticles and these properties in turn have a significant impact on their biomedical applications. Although not widely investigated as an efficient drug delivery system, CuO nanoparticles have great biological properties including effective antimicrobial action against a wide range of pathogens and also drug resistant bacteria. These properties have led to the development of various approaches with direct applications to the biomedical field, such as tailored surfaces with antimicrobial effect, wound dressings and modified textiles. It is also believed that these nanosystems could represent efficient alternatives in the development of smart systems utilized both for the detection of pathogens and for the treatment of infections.
Robust Hyperspectral Image Classification by Multi-Layer Spatial-Spectral Sparse Representations
Authors: Bian Xiaoyong , Chen Chen , Xu Yan , Du Qian
Published: November 2016

Sparse representation (SR)-driven classifiers have been widely adopted for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification, and many algorithms have been presented recently. However, most of the existing methods exploit the single layer hard assignment based on class-wise reconstruction errors on the subspace assumption; moreover, the single-layer SR is biased and less stable due to the high coherence of the training samples. In this paper, motivated by category sparsity, a novel multi-layer spatial-spectral sparse representation (mlSR) framework for HSI classification is proposed. The mlSR assignment framework effectively classifies the test samples based on the adaptive dictionary assembling in a multi-layer manner and intrinsic class-dependent distribution. In the proposed framework, three algorithms, multi-layer SR classification (mlSRC), multi-layer collaborative representation classification (mlCRC) and multi-layer elastic net representation-based classification (mlENRC) for HSI, are developed. All three algorithms can achieve a better SR for the test samples, which benefits HSI classification. Experiments are conducted on three real HSI image datasets. Compared with several state-of-the-art approaches, the increases of overall accuracy (OA), kappa and average accuracy (AA) on the Indian Pines image range from 3.02% to 17.13%, 0.034 to 0.178 and 1.51% to 11.56%, respectively. The improvements in OA, kappa and AA for the University of Pavia are from 1.4% to 21.93%, 0.016 to 0.251 and 0.12% to 22.49%, respectively. Furthermore, the OA, kappa and AA for the Salinas image can be improved from 2.35% to 6.91%, 0.026 to 0.074 and 0.88% to 5.19%, respectively. This demonstrates that the proposed mlSR framework can achieve comparable or better performance than the state-of-the-art classification methods.
SAW Humidity Sensor Sensitivity Enhancement via Electrospraying of Silver Nanowires
Authors: Sayar Irani Farid , Tunaboylu Bahadir
Published: November 2016

In this research, we investigated the influence of the surface coatings of silver nanowires on the sensitivity of surface acoustic wave (SAW) humidity sensors. Silver nanowires, with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), which is a hydrophilic capping agent, were chemically synthesized, with an average length of 15 µm and an average diameter of 60 nm. Humidity sensors, with 433 MHz frequency dual-port resonator Rayleigh-SAW devices, were coated by silver nanowires (AgNWs) using the electrospray coating method. It was demonstrated that increasing thickness of coated AgNW on the surfaces of SAW devices results in increased sensitivity. The highest frequency shift (262 kHz) in these SAW devices was obtained with an injection of 0.5 mL of the AgNW solution with a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL at an injection rate of 1 mL/h. It also showed the highest humidity sensitivity among the other prepared SAW devices.
The Militarization of Mass Incapacitation and Torture during the Sunni Insurgency and American Occupation of Iraq
Authors: Hagan John , Hanson Anna
Published: November 2016

While scholars and journalists have focused important attention on the recent militarization of intensive policing and imprisonment policies in the United States, there is little reciprocal recognition of how militarized versions of these policies were also exported for use in the occupation of Iraq. Intensive policing and imprisonment enabled the American-led and Shia-dominated Iraq Ministries of Defense and Interior along with U.S. forces to play significant roles in the ethnic cleansing and displacement of Arab Sunnis from Baghdad neighborhoods, and in their disproportionate detention in military- and militia-operated facilities, of which the Abu Ghraib prison is only the best known. The failure of American authorities alone and working with Iraq’s government to intervene in stopping the use of police and prisons as places of torture is a violation of U.N.-invoked and U.S.-ratified treaties, and thereby subject to prosecution. Such prosecutions have imported into international law the concept of “joint criminal enterprise” anticipated by the criminologist Donald Cressey and incorporated in the American Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) statutes used to convict organized criminals. We elaborate how the concept of joint criminal enterprise can be used to understand and possibly prosecute a chain of command responsibility for the use of policing and prisons as sites of torture in Iraq. We analyze the previously neglected international consequences of U.S. policing, prison, and mass incapacitation strategies with links to American criminology.
The Fourth Wave of Digitalization and Public Transport: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Davidsson Paul , Hajinasab Banafsheh , Holmgren Johan , Jevinger Åse , Persson Jan
Published: November 2016

We investigate the opportunities and challenges of the forth wave of digitalization, also referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT), with respect to public transport and how it can support sustainable development of society. Environmental, economical, and social perspectives are considered through analysis of the existing literature and explorative studies. We conclude that there are great opportunities for both transport operators and planners, as well as for the travelers. We describe and analyze a number of concrete opportunities for each of these actors. However, in order to realize these opportunities, there are also a number of challenges that needs to be addressed. There are both technical challenges, such as data collection issues, interoperability, scalability and information security, and non-technical challenges such as business models, usability, privacy issues, and deployment.
Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloid Toxicity, Cytotoxicity, and Carcinogenicity
Authors: Stegelmeier Bryan , Colegate Steven , Brown Ammon
Published: November 2016

Dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid (DHPA)-producing plants have a worldwide distribution amongst flowering plants and commonly cause poisoning of livestock, wildlife, and humans. Previous work has produced considerable understanding of DHPA metabolism, toxicity, species susceptibility, conditions, and routes of exposure, and pathogenesis of acute poisoning. Intoxication is generally caused by contaminated grains, feed, flour, and breads that result in acute, high-dose, short-duration poisoning. Acute poisoning produces hepatic necrosis that is usually confirmed histologically, epidemiologically, and chemically. Less is known about chronic poisoning that may result when plant populations are sporadic, used as tisanes or herbal preparations, or when DHPAs contaminate milk, honey, pollen, or other animal-derived products. Such subclinical exposures may contribute to the development of chronic disease in humans or may be cumulative and probably slowly progress until liver failure. Recent work using rodent models suggest increased neoplastic incidence even with very low DHPA doses of short durations. These concerns have moved some governments to prohibit or limit human exposure to DHPAs. The purpose of this review is to summarize some recent DHPA research, including in vitro and in vivo DHPA toxicity and carcinogenicity reports, and the implications of these findings with respect to diagnosis and prognosis for human and animal health.
Etude biogéographique et écologique sur les Tiques (Acariens Ixodoidea) de la région lyonnaise
Authors: Roman Émile , Lu-Huynh-Thanh  , Pichot J.
Published: November 2016

The geographic distribution of the ticks is in relation with their two modes of life, parasitic on the hosts or free-living in the nature. Ten species were reported in the district of Lyons. Most of them infest mammalians. Ixodes ricinus, I. hexagonus and the two species of Dermacentor were found feeding on Man. The hosts of both the adults and younger instars may be the sames in Ixodes and Rhipicephalus ; this is never the case in Dermacentor. In our areas, the adults of most of the species are mainly active in spring. Most of these species are very common in the temperate regions. Among them, Argas reflexus, a bird tick, correlate its repartition to that of its main host, the pigeon. Ixodes festai can be found in Western Europa only. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, a cosmopolitan species in the warm countries, could be definitively adapted in the town Lyons and in its surrounding district.
Contribution à l'étude physico-chimique de l'étang du Ceinturon près d'Hyères (Var)
Authors: Ollier Joseph
Published: November 2016

L'auteur donne un bref aperçu sur les conditions physico-chimiques des eaux de l'étang du Ceinturon, près d'Hyères, prospectées durant les années 1967-1968.

Elles se caractérisent par leur température variable en fonction des saisons, leur pH alcalin et leur hétérogénéité ionique. Ces eaux sont très sulfatées et très magnésiennes ; par contre elles sont pauvres en ions Na et Cl, ce qui les différencie des eaux marines. Les eaux du Ceinturon ne communiquent pas avec l'eau de mer, toutefois distante de 50 mètres.
Descriptions de nouveaux Plusiinae indo-australiens et néotropicaux (Lep. Noctuidae)
Authors: Dufay Claude
Published: November 2016

Quatre espèces indo-australiennes sont décrites : Chrysodeixis celebensis n. sp., endémique de Célèbes, Chrysodeixis taiwani n. sd. et Acanthoplusia adiaphora n. sp., endémiques de Formose, Chrysodeixis nesiotes n. sp., répandue du sud de l'Inde aux îles Samoa américaines. Une espèce du sud-est du Brésil, Plusia (s. l.) glaphyra n. sp., est aussi décrite, mais laissée provisoirement dans le genre Plusia sensu lato.

Sept autres Plusiinae paléarctiques et indo-australiens, décrits précédemment (Chrysodeixis papuasiae, C. minutus, C. politus, Acanthoplusia ichinosei, A. sigillata, A. vermiculata et Plusia (s. l.) chariessa) sont figurés pour la première fois.
Un nouvel Ankaratrotrox (Col. Scarabaeidae Aulonocnemidae) des Séchelles
Authors: Paulian Renaud
Published: November 2016

Description d'une espèce nouvelle du genre Ankaratrotrox, qui étend l'aire de répartition de ce genre endémique malgache aux îles Séchelles. Le genre semble très hétérogène, mais le petit nombre d'espèces connues ne justifie pas son morcellement.
Nouveaux Microlépidoptères de Madagascar (Oecophoridae et Gelechiidae)
Authors: Viette Pierre
Published: November 2016

Descriptions de sept nouveaux Microlépidoptères malgaches appartenant aux sous-familles des Oecophoridae Xyloryctinae et Stenominae et Gelechiidae Dichomerinae et Lecithocerinae (au sens d'Heppner 1984).
Les Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) décrits par Claudius Rey et conservés au Musée Guimet d'Histoire naturelle de Lyon
Authors: Audisio P.-A.
Published: November 2016

Révision critique du matériel type de 30 espèces ou variétés nouvelles décrites par C. Rey en 1889 ; de nouvelles synonymies sont proposées : Brachypterus pumilus = Brachypterolus longulus (Reitter, 1885) (espèce nouvelle pour la France française) ; Epuraea testacea = E. rujomarginata (Stephens, 1830) ; Epuraea inaequalis = E. rufomarginata (Stephens, 1830) ; Meligethes fulvicornis = M. fulvipes Brisout, 1863 ; Meligethes pruinosus = M. flavipes Sturm, 1845 ; Meligethes alutaceus = M. egenus Erichson, 1845 ; Meligethes sinuans = M. pedicularius (Gyllenhal, 1808) ; Meligethes morosus var. parcus = M. difficilis (Heer, 1841) ; Meligethes tropicus = M. nigerrimus Resenhauer, 1856 ; Meligethes médius = M. nigrescens Stephens, 1830 ; Meligethes obtusus = M. bidentatus Brisout, 1863 ; Meligethes erythropus var. subregularis = M. punctatus Brisout, 1863 ; Meligethes misellus = M. erythropus (Marsham, 1802) ; Meligethes mu-cronatus = M. egenus Erichson, 1845. Enfin, une autre synonymie nouvelle est proposée : Brachypterolus pumilio Reitter, 1919 = B. longulus (Reitter, 1885).
Introduction pratique à la systématique des organismes des eaux continentales françaises.- 8 : Rotifères
Authors: Pourriot Roger , Francez André-Jean
Published: November 2016

Outre une clé des familles, les auteurs proposent dans cet opuscule une clé des principaux genres planctoniques et une clé des espèces planctoniques des genres les plus communs dans les eaux continentales françaises ou européennes.

Ces clés s'appuient sur des caractères morphologiques, anatomiques et écologiques aisés à observer, même pour des non spécialistes. Leur lecture est facilitée par la présence de figures correspondantes et une présentation sommaire mais suffisante du groupe. Le choix délibéré de privilégier les espèces planctoniques, dont les limites sont nécessairement plus ou moins subjectives, implique l'abandon d'espèces ne répondant pas aux critères définis mais dont le lecteur ne devra pas oublier l'existence.
A propos de l'emploi controversé du terme «monophylétique» : nouvelles propositions
Authors: Dubois Alain
Published: November 2016

In view of the absence of a general agreement between systematists of the evolutionary or synthetic «school » and of the cladist «school» as to the meaning of the word «monophyletic », and of the confusions created by this absence of consensus, it is here suggested to abandon this term and to use only terms on the definition of which all taxinomists should agree, such as : «holophyletic» (Ashlock's term, synonym of «monophyletic» in cladists' usage) ; «paraphyletic» ; «polyphyletic» (or «hetero-phyletic») ; «homophyletic» (new term, for the category called «monophyletic» in synthetists' usage, i. e. both holophyletic and paraphyletic) ; and «merophyletic» (new term, for all groups rejected by cladists, i.e. both paraphyletic and polyphyletic). Etymologies and definitions are provided for all these terms, some of which will be found useful by all systematists, some by synthetists only, and some by cladists only.
A propos de Lactarius hepaticus Plowright apud Boudier
Authors: Lamoure Denise
Published: November 2016

Etude critique de plusieurs récoltes de ce Lactaire, réputé inféodé aux pinèdes (Pin sylvestre surtout) et trouvé en abondance dans des pessières artificielles, ou autres plantations de résineux du Massif Central.

Localisation celllulaire de la pigmentation piléique : des granules noirs intracellulaires dans la partie supérieure de la chair et certains articles du revêtement.
Analyse bibliographique et bilan des recherches sur la végétation du bassin versant du Haut-Rhône français
Authors: Girel Jacky
Published: November 2016

L'auteur présente succinctement une banque de données renfermant plus de 1 000 références (1029 à la date du 31-12-1985), concernant le milieu végétal du département de l'Ain et de ses abords immédiats riverains du Rhône. Ces données bibliographiques rassemblées à l'occasion de diverses recherches au cours des 15 dernières années sont analysées et classées par thèmes ainsi que par régions constituant des entités géographiques et écologiques.
Sélection trophique chez les Megascelinae et les Eumolpinae (Cyclica) (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Jolivet Pierre
Published: November 2016

La majorité des espèces d'Eumolpines sont largement polyphages. En l'état actuel de nos connaissances, il semble y avoir une tendance Asclepiadaceae/Apocynaceae/Convolvulaceae, familles assez voisines, mais il est encore trop tôt pour en tirer des généralisations. Les larves étant souterraines sont polyphages et attaquent toutes racines en particulier celles des Graminées.
Coléoptères de l'Ardèche. Premier supplément à l'inventaire de J. Balazuc (1984)
Authors: Aberlenc Henri-Pierre
Published: November 2016

Corrections et additions à l'inventaire des Coléoptères du département de l'Ardèche (Supp . Bull. mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 1984, 53, 334 pp.). Le recensement passe de 2422 à 2645 espèces.
Note sur la biologie de Dynastes Granti Leconte et de quelques autres Dynastidae de l'Arizona (Insectes, Coléoptères)
Authors: Dajoz Roger
Published: November 2016

A morphological and biological study of Dynastes granti is presented. The hours of activity, the dates of emergence and the effects of moonlight are described for Dynastes granti as well as for seven other Dynastidae from Arizona.
Observations sur l'abondance et la spécificité prédatrice de quelques espèces du genre Lestodiplosis Kieffer (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Baylac Michel
Published: November 2016

L'abondance et la répartition de 17 espèces du genre Lestodiplosis ont été relevées dans le Centre, l'Est et le Nord de la France. Les abondances sont en général faibles, voire très faibles, et les répartitions irrégulières. Ces faibles abondances ne peuvent pas toutes s'expliquer par des fluctuations annuelles et sont incompatibles dans la plupart des cas avec la spécificité prédatrice, postulée par certains auteurs.
Les macroinvertébrés benthiques du Rhône genevois. I. Aspects méthodologiques et indices de qualité biologique globale
Authors: Dethier Michel
Published: November 2016

De 1983 à 1986, une étude approfondie des macroinvertébrés benthiques a été menée en 10 stations du Rhône genevois, principalement à l'aide de substrats artificiels. Les motivations de l'étude, les caractéristiques des stations et les techniques de récoltes sont expliquées en détail. Les résultats obtenus sont exprimés au moyen de l'indice de qualité biologique global (IQBG). Ils montrent que la confluence de l'Arve et du Rhône, les rejets de la station d'épuration d'Aïre et surtout le barrage de Verbois sont les principaux facteurs qui influencent la structure des communautés benthiques. La vidange du barrage, opérée tous les trois ans, n'a par contre qu'un impact mineur et temporaire sur ces communautés. Des comparaisons avec des études antérieures montrent enfin que, globalement, la faune benthique du Rhône genevois n'a pas beaucoup varié en 25 ans.
Synonymies, chorologie et plantes-hôtes de quatre Pterolophia Newman de l'Afrique noire (Coleoptera Cerambycidae Lamiinae)
Authors: Téocchi Pierre
Published: November 2016

Les synonymies, la répartition géographique, les dates d'émergence, ainsi que les plantes-hôtes de quatre Pterolophia de l'Afrique noire sont indiquées.
Human Bone Progenitor Cells for Clinical Application: What Kind of Immune Reaction Does Fetal Xenograft Tissue Trigger in Immunocompetent Rats?
Authors: Hausherr Tanja C. , Nuss Katja , Thein Eric , Applegate Lee A. , Pioletti Dominique P.
Published: November 2016

The potential of human fetal bone cells for successful bone regeneration has been shown in vivo. In particular, it has been demonstrated that the seeding of these cells in porous poly-(L-lactic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds improved the bone formation compared to cell-free scaffolds in skulls of rats. However, even if the outcome is an improvement of bone formation, a thorough analysis concerning any immune responses, due to the implantation of a xenograft tissue, is not known. As the immune response and skeletal system relationship may contribute to either the success or failure of an implant, we were interested in evaluating the presence of any immune cells and specific reactions of human fetal cells (also called human bone progenitor cells) once implanted in femoral condyles of rats. For this purpose, (1) cell-free scaffolds, (2) human bone progenitor cells, or (3) osteogenic human bone progenitor cells within scaffolds were implanted over 3, 7, 14 days, and 12 weeks. The key finding is that human bone progenitor cells and osteogenic human bone progenitor cells do not trigger any particular specific immune reactions in immunocompetent rats but are noted to delay some bone formation.
Overexpression of RAS-Association Domain Family 6 (RASSF6) Inhibits Proliferation and Tumorigenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Zhu Nan , Si Mahui , Yang Ning , Jing Yingying , Fu Yong , Zhao Xijun , Lin Zhipeng , Yang Guangshun
Published: November 2016

Ras-association domain family 6 (RASSF6), a member of the RASSF family, is frequently downregulated in various types of cancer. However, the roles of RASSF6 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the biological functions and related
molecular mechanisms in HCC. Our results found that RASSF6 is expressed in low amounts in HCC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of RASSF6 obviously inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and EMT process in HCC cells. Furthermore, overexpression of RASFF6 greatly downregulated the protein
levels of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK), MMP-2, and MMP-9 in HepG2 cells. Last, overexpression of RASFF6 significantly attenuated tumor growth in Balb/c nude mice. In conclusion, the present study revealed that RASFF6 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC
cells both in vivo and in vitro. These inhibitory effects are through suppressing FAK phosphorylation, leading to decreased MMP-2/9 expression. RASFF6 is therefore a potential therapeutic target for treating HCC.
Laparoscopic Left Hemicolectomy for Colon Cancer in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: A Valid and Safe Surgical Technique to Ensure Peritoneal Dialysis Survival
Authors: Auricchio Sara , Mari Giulio , Galassi Andrea , Dozio Beatrice , Pozzi Marco , Maggioni Dario , Scanziani Renzo
Published: November 2016

A laparoscopic approach represents an effective alternative to open surgery in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). In these patients, conventional thinking provides for removal of the peritoneal catheter during left colon resections because of higher risk of patient contamination and peritonitis. The present paper describes 3 cases of laparoscopic left hemicolectomy for colon cancer performed in PD patients without complications and without peritoneal catheter removal, leading to subsequent early PD resumption.

Three normotype PD patients affected by early-stage sigmoid colon adenocarcinoma (T1-T2, M0, N0) underwent integrated surgical and nephrological management to reduce peritoneum stress, infective risk and postoperative complications. The day before surgery, patients were shifted to isovolumetric hemodialysis through tunneled central venous catheter. All patients underwent laparoscopic left hemicolectomy without Tenckhoff catheter removal. The postoperative period was uneventful, with concomitant antibiotic prophylaxis until the fifth day after surgery. Flushing of the PD catheter was performed twice a week postoperatively. Peritoneal dialysis was recovered 4 weeks after surgery in 2 cases with a well-maintained dialytic adequacy. One patient did not proceed to PD due to improvement of renal function after surgery.

In selected PD patients, a minimally invasive surgical approach combined with careful nephrological management may represent a valid and safe strategy to treat early-stage colon cancer, avoiding PD drop-out.
Geographical Variation in Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Insertion and Initiation within the United States
Authors: Patel Achint , Shah Harshil , Patel Shanti , Nadkarni Girish N. , Uribarri Jaime
Published: November 2016

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective but underutilized renal replacement therapy modality. There are limited data regarding geographical variation in PD catheter insertion and utilization of PD as a first renal replacement therapy in the United States. We explored the variation in catheter insertion and initiation of PD utilizing 2 large, nationally representative databases. The incidence of catheter insertion differed significantly by geographical region, being highest in the South (7.30/100 end-stage renal disease [ESRD] patients; 95% confidence [CI] interval 6.78 – 7.81) and lowest in the West (5.91/100 ESRD patients; 95% CI 5.43 – 6.38). Peritoneal dialysis initiation also differed by region, being highest in the West (7.10/100 ESRD patients; 95% CI 6.83 – 7.30) and lowest in the Northeast (5.12/100 ESRD patients; 95% CI 4.87 – 5.30). Interestingly, the Northeast region, with the lowest rate of PD utilization, had the highest number of nephrologists per population (3.95/100,000 persons), and the West, with the highest PD utilization, had the lowest number of nephrologists (2.54/100,000 persons). Reasons for this variation should be explored further and efforts should be made to standardize PD implementation throughout the United States.
THE FORMATION OF THE PRIMITIVE STAR SDSS J102915+172927: EFFECT OF THE DUST MASS AND THE GRAIN-SIZE DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Bovino S. , Grassi T. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Banerjee R.
Published: November 2016

Understanding the formation of the extremely metal-poor star SDSS J102915+172927 is of fundamental importance to improve our knowledge on the transition between the first and second generation of stars in the universe. In this paper, we perform three-dimensional cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of dust-enriched halos during the early stages of the collapse process including a detailed treatment of the dust physics. We employ the astrochemistry package krome coupled with the hydrodynamical code enzo assuming grain-size distributions produced by the explosion of core-collapse supernovae (SNe) of 20 and 35 M
⊙ primordial stars, which are suitable to reproduce the chemical pattern of the SDSS J102915+172927 star. We find that the dust mass yield produced from Population III SNe explosions is the most important factor that drives the thermal evolution and the dynamical properties of the halos. Hence, for the specific distributions relevant in this context, the composition, the dust optical properties, and the size range have only minor effects on the results due to similar cooling functions. We also show that the critical dust mass to enable fragmentation provided by semi-analytical models should be revised, as we obtain values one order of magnitude larger. This determines the transition from disk fragmentation to a more filamentary fragmentation mode, and suggests that likely more than one single SN event or efficient dust growth should be invoked to get such high dust content.
ULTRAHARMONICS AND SECONDARY SPIRAL WAKES INDUCED BY A PLANET
Authors: Lee 李詠傑 Wing-Kit
Published: November 2016

We investigate the ultraharmonics response of a protoplanetary disk to an orbiting planet. We find that the multi-armed spiral structure can be excited by the higher-order forcing due to nonlinear mode-coupling. In particular, the preferential excitation of the gas response with a small azimuthal wavenumber

is a direct consequence of mode-coupling among linear waves. The presence of multiple Fourier components in a planet’s potential is a distinct feature compared to the previous studies in the context of spiral galaxies, which turns out to be crucial for the generation of ultraharmonics waves. This analysis may shed light on the understanding of some results regarding the spiral structures excited by a massive planet.
QUANTIFYING AND CONTROLLING BIASES IN ESTIMATES OF DARK MATTER HALO CONCENTRATION
Authors: Poveda-Ruiz C. N. , Forero-Romero J. E. , Muñoz-Cuartas J. C.
Published: November 2016

We use bootstrapping to estimate the bias on estimates of concentration of N-body dark matter (DM) halos as a function of particle number. We find that algorithms based on the maximum radial velocity and radial particle binning tend to overestimate the concentration by 15%–20% for halos sampled with 200 particles and by 7%–10% for halos sampled with 500 particles. To control this bias at low particle numbers we propose a new algorithm that estimates halo concentrations based on the integrated mass profile. The method uses the full particle information without any binning, making it reliable in cases when low numerical resolution becomes a limitation for other methods. This method reduces the bias to

for halos sampled with 200–500 particles. The methods based on velocity and density have to use halos with at least ∼4000 particles in order to keep the biases down to the same low level. We also show that the mass–concentration relationship could be shallower than expected once the biases of the different concentration measurements are taken into account. These results show that bootstrapping and the estimates of concentration based on the integrated mass profile are valuable tools to probe the internal structure of DM halos in numerical simulations.
TWO REGIMES OF INTERACTION OF A HOT JUPITER’S ESCAPING ATMOSPHERE WITH THE STELLAR WIND AND GENERATION OF ENERGIZED ATOMIC HYDROGEN CORONA
Authors: Shaikhislamov I. F. , Khodachenko M. L. , Lammer H. , Kislyakova K. G. , Fossati L. , Johnstone C. P. , Prokopov P. A. , Berezutsky A. G. , Zakharov Yu. P. , Posukh V. G.
Published: November 2016

The interaction of escaping the upper atmosphere of a hydrogen-rich non-magnetized analog of HD 209458b with a stellar wind (SW) of its host G-type star at different orbital distances is simulated with a 2D axisymmetric multi-fluid hydrodynamic (HD) model. A realistic Sun-like spectrum of X-ray and ultraviolet radiation, which ionizes and heats the planetary atmosphere, together with hydrogen photochemistry, as well as stellar-planetary tidal interaction are taken into account to generate self-consistently an atmospheric HD outflow. Two different regimes of the planetary and SW interaction have been modeled. These are: (1) the “captured by the star” regime, when the tidal force and pressure gradient drive the planetary material beyond the Roche lobe toward the star, and (2) the “blown by the wind” regime, when sufficiently strong SW confines the escaping planetary atmosphere and channels it into the tail. The model simulates in detail the HD interaction between the planetary atoms, protons and the SW, as well as the production of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) around the planet due to charge exchange between planetary atoms and stellar protons. The revealed location and shape of the ENA cloud, either as a paraboloid shell between the ionopause and bowshock (for the “blown by the wind” regime), or a turbulent layer at the contact boundary between the planetary stream and SW (for the “captured by the star” regime) are of importance for the interpretation of Lyα absorption features in exoplanetary transit spectra and characterization of the plasma environments.
CLOSED-FIELD CORONAL HEATING DRIVEN BY WAVE TURBULENCE
Authors: Downs Cooper , Lionello Roberto , Mikić Zoran , Linker Jon A , Velli Marco
Published: November 2016

To simulate the energy balance of coronal plasmas on macroscopic scales, we often require the specification of the coronal heating mechanism in some functional form. To go beyond empirical formulations and to build a more physically motivated heating function, we investigate the wave-turbulence-driven (WTD) phenomenology for the heating of closed coronal loops. Our implementation is designed to capture the large-scale propagation, reflection, and dissipation of wave turbulence along a loop. The parameter space of this model is explored by solving the coupled WTD and hydrodynamic evolution in 1D for an idealized loop. The relevance to a range of solar conditions is also established by computing solutions for over one hundred loops extracted from a realistic 3D coronal field. Due to the implicit dependence of the WTD heating model on loop geometry and plasma properties along the loop and at the footpoints, we find that this model can significantly reduce the number of free parameters when compared to traditional empirical heating models, and still robustly describe a broad range of quiet-Sun and active region conditions. The importance of the self-reflection term in producing relatively short heating scale heights and thermal nonequilibrium cycles is also discussed.
TATOOINE’S FUTURE: THE ECCENTRIC RESPONSE OF KEPLER’S CIRCUMBINARY PLANETS TO COMMON-ENVELOPE EVOLUTION OF THEIR HOST STARS
Authors: Kostov Veselin B. , Moore Keavin , Tamayo Daniel , Jayawardhana Ray , Rinehart Stephen A.
Published: November 2016

Inspired by the recent Kepler discoveries of circumbinary planets orbiting nine close binary stars, we explore the fate of the former as the latter evolve off the main sequence. We combine binary star evolution models with dynamical simulations to study the orbital evolution of these planets as their hosts undergo common-envelope (CE) stages, losing in the process a tremendous amount of mass on dynamical timescales. Five of the systems experience at least one Roche-lobe overflow and CE stage (Kepler-1647 experiences three), and the binary stars either shrink to very short orbits or coalesce; two systems trigger a double-degenerate supernova explosion. Kepler’s circumbinary planets predominantly remain gravitationally bound at the end of the CE phase, migrate to larger orbits, and may gain significant eccentricity; their orbital expansion can be more than an order of magnitude and can occur over the course of a single planetary orbit. The orbits these planets can reach are qualitatively consistent with those of the currently known post-CE, eclipse-time variations circumbinary candidates. Our results also show that circumbinary planets can experience both modes of orbital expansion (adiabatic and nonadiabatic) if their host binaries undergo more than one CE stage; multiplanet circumbinary systems like Kepler-47 can experience both modes during the same CE stage. Additionally, unlike Mercury orbiting the Sun, a circumbinary planet with the same semimajor axis can survive the CE evolution of a close binary star with a total mass of 1

M

⊙

.
RADIO SOURCES IN THE NCP REGION OBSERVED WITH THE 21 CENTIMETER ARRAY
Authors: Zheng Qian , Wu Xiang-Ping , Johnston-Hollitt Melanie , Gu Jun-hua , Xu Haiguang
Published: November 2016

We present a catalog of 624 radio sources detected around the North Celestial Pole (NCP) with the 21 Centimeter Array (21CMA), a radio interferometer dedicated to the statistical measurement of the epoch of reionization (EoR). The data are taken from a 12 hr observation made on 2013 April 13, with a frequency coverage from 75 to 175 MHz and an angular resolution of ∼4′. The catalog includes flux densities at eight sub-bands across the 21CMA bandwidth and provides the in-band spectral indices for the detected sources. To reduce the complexity of interferometric imaging from the so-called “w” term and ionospheric effects, the present analysis is restricted to the east–west baselines within 1500 m only. The 624 radio sources are found within 5° around the NCP down to ∼0.1 Jy. Our source counts are compared, and also exhibit a good agreement, with deep low-frequency observations made recently with the GMRT and MWA. In particular, for fainter radio sources below ∼1 Jy, we find a flattening trend of source counts toward lower frequencies. While the thermal noise (∼0.4 mJy) is well controlled to below the confusion limit, the dynamical range (∼104) and sensitivity of current 21CMA imaging are largely limited by calibration and deconvolution errors, especially the grating lobes of very bright sources, such as 3C061.1, in the NCP field, which result from the regular spacings of the 21CMA. We note that particular attention should be paid to the extended sources, and their modeling and removal may constitute a large technical challenge for current EoR experiments. Our analysis may serve as a useful guide to the design of next generation low-frequency interferometers like the Square Kilometre Array.
Pour en finir avec la domination masculine ? Regard critique sur les études psychosociales des relations entre sexes
Authors: Tostain Manuel
Published: November 2016

L’auteur examine une tendance dominante en psychologie sociale à interpréter les relations femmes/hommes en termes de domination masculine. Nous nous attachons à relever les problèmes et limites que soulève ce type d’approche au travers d’une analyse critique des postulats et résultats des théories psychosociales de la domination. On souligne les décalages entre les attendus de ces théories et les données sociologiques et psychologiques. Pour conclure, nous avançons que cette orientation permet mal de saisir les évolutions sociétales récentes des relations entre femmes et hommes, et nous proposons des approches alternatives, interactionnistes, plus attentives aux dynamiques d’autonomie des acteurs sociaux.
Manipulations, harcèlements et complots : une paranoïsation imaginaire du lien social contemporain ?
Authors: Lamote Thierry , Hamon Romuald
Published: November 2016

Ce travail se propose d’interroger le schéma d’analyse des phénomènes sectaires fondé sur la notion de manipulation mentale. Cette notion s’est en effet imposée, ces dernières années, dans le discours médico-légal et dans le champ des sciences humaines et sociales, au point de se voir progressivement appliquer à des phénomènes aussi distincts que les sectes, la radicalisation islamiste, jusqu’aux malaises professionnels et domestiques, via les théories du harcèlement moral. Après avoir dévoilé ce qui forme le noyau de ce schéma d’analyse, à savoir un fantasme de structure perverse, nous tenterons de discerner quelle part a eue, dans cet abord des phénomènes sociaux, l’invention de la catégorie de « perversion narcissique ». Nous analyserons alors ce que le surgissement, dans la série des doctrines usant du schème manipulatoire, de trois figures actuelles du Père jouisseur (le pervers narcissique, le gourou manipulateur, le harceleur), enseigne concernant la paranoïsation du lien social contemporain. Nous conclurons en interrogeant l’incidence de cette figure et de ces doctrines sur les phénomènes de radicalisation.
La base stratégique de Dakar, de l’aménagement au maintien (1942-1962)
Authors: Dramé Patrick-Papa
Published: November 2016

L’effort de création d’une base stratégique au Sénégal entre 1942 et 1952 se marque notamment par l’amélioration des moyens défensifs et maritimes et des secteurs aériens de Ouakam et de Bel-Air. Cependant, le plan d’aménage­ment de la presqu’île du Cap-Vert allait subir, dès 1953, de sérieuses restrictions budgétaires qui entravent les capacités de la base Dakar. La priorité accordée à la défense de l’Europe occidentale et à celle de l’Afrique du Nord explique également la dévaluation de Dakar durant la décennie 1950. Or, lorsque l’indépendance du Sénégal s’est avérée inéluctable, les autorités politiques françaises ont réussi à assurer leur prééminence sur la base stratégique grâce à la signature d’un accord de défense garant d’une nouvelle forme de présence.