bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Presenting the Pathology Model of Descriptive Evaluation System in Primary Education (Case Study: Alborz Province)
Authors: Najarian Roya , Mehdizadeh Amirhossein , Shafiee Nahid , Barzegar Nader , Faghiharam Batoul
Published: May 2024

Objective: The purpose of the present research was to pathologize the descriptive evaluation system and present a suitable model in primary education (case study of Alborz Province). Method: This study is descriptive-survey in nature. The statistical population includes experienced teachers and doctorate-level educators in the field of primary education in Alborz Province. Using Cochran's formula and a simple random sampling method, a sample size of 384 was determined. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative section. Validity was confirmed in two forms: 1. Face validity and 2. Construct validity, which includes two types of convergent and divergent validity confirmed by the “Fornell and Lurcher” method. Reliability was obtained as 1. Composite Reliability (CR) and 2. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.83. The data analysis of the model's validity was conducted using confirmatory factor analysis, and its reliability was examined using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, employing Smart PLS software. Findings: Findings indicated that the pathology of descriptive evaluation in the primary period of Alborz Province, considering the lived experiences of expert teachers in Alborz Province, consisted of three main categories (dimensions): social damages, individual damages, and organizational damages. Additionally, it showed that the model derived from the synthesis of research texts related to descriptive evaluation in primary education included five main categories (dimensions): prerequisites, inputs, effective roles, outputs, and goals, each of these dimensions having their own components. It also demonstrated that reliability coefficients for the questionnaires of prerequisites, inputs, outputs, effective roles, and goals, and their components were all above 0.7, indicating the high precision of the measurement tools used in this research. Conclusion: This model can serve as a guide for educators and policymakers in improving evaluation practices and ultimately, the quality of education in primary schools.
Development of a Model for Minimizing Tax Risk by Combining Behavioral Criteria of Management Accounting and Its Empirical Test Using Mikhailov's Fuzzy Hierarchical Method
Authors: Namazi Mohammad , Rakhsha Seyed Hamidreza
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective of this research is to develop a model for minimizing tax risk and to empirically test it. This paper presents the optimal combination of behavioral criteria of management accounting information using Mikhailov's fuzzy hierarchical method. Methodology: The research method is a mixed, qualitative, quantitative, and analytical explanatory type. The statistical population consists of tax experts from the staff of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance and professors of accounting from public universities, who are experts in the field of taxation. The sample includes 14 experts mentioned above, selected using a systematic elimination method for the period 2011-2021. Findings: The research results showed that all five selected behavioral criteria of management accounting in this study's model—beliefs and thoughts, social activities, culture-building and regulation, personal characteristics, accountability and demand for answers—have a significant impact on reducing tax risk. The most important behavioral priorities of these criteria, in the order mentioned, are religious beliefs, enhancing public welfare, tax culture, personal characteristics, and attention to taxpayers' demands. Moreover, among these priorities, personal characteristics are the most significant and impactful behavioral criterion. Conclusion: These findings have a significant effect on the performance of companies, tax collectors, taxpayers, other stakeholders, and the community as a whole.
Development of a Model for the Professional Competence of Middle Managers in the Educational Administration Headquarters
Authors: Zobeiri Hassan , Kordestani Fareshteh , Saeedi Leila
Published: May 2024

Objective: This research aimed to develop a model for the professional competencies of middle managers in education, including general managers, their deputies, heads of centers, and their deputies. Methodology: The research method was qualitative and aimed at practical application. The research population included all academic experts in educational management, general managers, their deputies at the headquarters level of education, all related studies, research, and articles, as well as relevant documents and laws. A sample of 9 managers and 7 experts, 70 articles, books, or research, and 4 relevant documents and laws were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a document review form for studies, research, articles, and regulations, as well as a semi-structured interview form. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis and MAXQDA software. Findings: According to the findings of this research, the most important components of professional competence for middle managers in education include 10 main categories derived from 62 subcategories: Personal Skills, Interpersonal Skills, Work Competencies, Global Mindset, Aspiration for Excellence, General Managerial Ability, Professional/Advanced Management Skills, Resource Management, Specialized Knowledge, and Success Enabling. These categories were ultimately presented in the form of a model. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the model of professional competence for middle managers in the headquarters area of education is capable of examination and can be used by educational system planners.
Designing and Validating the Model of Empowering Faculty Members to Encourage Students to Engage in Entrepreneurial Activities
Authors: Akrami Zakyeh
Published: May 2024

The present research adopts an exploratory and foundational approach to provide a conceptual framework for explaining the empowerment of faculty members in encouraging students' entrepreneurial activities. The statistical population of the qualitative and quantitative sections of the study consists of all faculty members of Farhangian University, totaling 820 individuals. The qualitative sample was selected using snowball and purposive sampling methods, consisting of 15 participants, while the quantitative sample was determined using the Morgan table and random sampling, totaling 265 participants. The data collection instruments for the qualitative section were semi-structured interviews, and for the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The content validity of the interview questions and questionnaire was confirmed by 5 faculty members of Farhangian University. The reliability of the interview results was calculated and confirmed using the Holsti test with a coefficient of 0.81, and the questionnaire reliability was assessed and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was equivalent to 0.837. The data analyzed using MAXQDA 20.4.2, IBM SPSS Statistics 26, and SmartPLS 3 software. The data analysis conducted using a data-driven theoretical framework, which included open, axial, and selective coding to achieve the extracted pattern from the research. The qualitative findings indicate that 6 dimensions, 14 factors, and 62 components of empowering faculty members are effective in encouraging students' entrepreneurial activities. The quantitative findings confirm the extracted pattern. Absolute and parsimonious fit indices support the desired fit of the empowerment model of faculty members in encouraging students' entrepreneurial activities.
Corona disease, university and educational policy in post-corona conditions (Case Study: Students of Guilan University)
Authors: Yaghoobi Choobari Ali
Published: May 2024

In the last few years,, educational planning in universities, especially in the exceptional circumstances of Corona, has faced the authorities, families, and students with many contradictions, and students as academics acting have shown different reactions to it. The basic questions of the article are what educational strategies are appropriate in alternative and post-corona conditions? And what problems do students face in virtual education? The purpose of this article is the qualitative study of the university in the situation of Corona and the symbolic expansion of the educational policy of the university in the post-corona era. In this study, a qualitative approach, thematic analysis method, semi-structured interviews, and purposeful sampling were used. According to the logic of theoretical saturation, 35 students of Guilan University were interviewed individually. The findings of the research show that regarding the educational planning of the university in post-corona conditions, three types of strategies can be observed in the studied students, including face-to-face, virtual, and combined, and most of them are placed in face-to-face and combined types of education. The supporters of the strategy of “face-to-face training” or “metaphysics of presence” in the university in terms of individual characteristics are mostly native, single, studying, and unemployed students. Opponents of the strategy of “face-to-face training” or “Proponents of virtual education” in the university are mostly married students, mothers, working people, non-native students, students who are less interested in studying, and weak and physically disabled students. Supporters of combined education strategy (face-to-face and virtual) on the one hand, often want face-to-face training in practical, laboratory, and specialized courses, and on the other hand, they want virtual training in general courses. From the findings of the research, it can be concluded that integrated education has many facilities and capacities in the field of teaching-learning and taking into account the hardware and software facilities, the type of university, the differences and individual characteristics of students and local requirements, regional and cultural is suitable for educational policy- makers in the alternative, similar, post-modern and post-corona era
The future studies of the structure of academic disciplines and educational groups in Iran in the atmosphere of the fourth industrial revolution: a scenario approach
Authors: tarin hamed , Mehralizadeh Yadolah
Published: May 2024

The present research was conducted in order to develop scenarios for the future structure of academic disciplines and educational groups in Iran in the atmosphere of the fourth industrial revolution. The approach of the current research is mixed, in terms of practical-developmental purpose and in terms of data collection method, it is descriptive-analytical and using the scenario writing method. The statistical population includes two spectrums; Scientific documents and experts were from public institutions and universities in Tehran. The sampling method was used in the qualitative part of non-probability criterion-based targeted sampling and in the quantitative part of the available type. The sampling method was used in the qualitative part of non-probability criterion-based targeted sampling and in the quantitative part of the available type. The findings showed 16 factors that after the structural analysis of the factors and the weighting of the uncertainties with the method of importance and consensus, the duals of "individual and network knowledge production" and "worn and technological work and employment system" got the highest score. From the interaction of these two uncertainties, 4 scenarios: competent oriented network structure with hashtag symbol; Responsive business-oriented structure with Tradesman symbol; Knowledge oriented task structure with collage symbol; And the educational island structure was achieved with the symbol of the school. In this way, the current situation of the structure of university courses and educational groups in Iran is against the developments of the fourth industrial revolution in a spectrum from transformation (hashtag scenario) to collapse (school scenario). In the near future, universities are witnessing a crisis in the production of knowledge and skills, competence and orbital competence for university graduates and preparing them to enter new markets. So; It is recommended and suggested to transition from the education-oriented island structure to the competent oriented network structure.
Mathematical Aspects of Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Padamwar Badri Vishal , Rao P. Hema
Published: May 2024

Machine learning is a rapidly evolving field that relies heavily on mathematical principles and techniques. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the mathematical aspects of machine learning, focusing on key concepts and their applications in various machine learning algorithms. We begin by discussing the basic concepts and terminology of machine learning, followed by an exploration of linear algebra, calculus, probability theory, and information theory in the context of machine learning. We then present case studies and applications of machine learning in image recognition, natural language processing, recommender systems, and autonomous vehicles. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of mathematical models in machine learning, emerging trends in mathematical research, and the ethical and societal implications of machine learning. This paper aims to provide a foundational understanding of the mathematical principles underlying machine learning and their significance in advancing the field.
STANDARDISED SOCIAL WORK METHODS AND STRATEGIES IN THE ROLES OF CHILD PROTECTION WORKERS: A REPORT FROM KUWAITIS CHILD PROTECTION WORKERS
Authors: ALMUTAIRI NOURAH
Published: May 2024

Protection workers around the world are faced with methods and strategies to protect children at risk. Therefore, this article aims to identify the methods that are applied in the State of Kuwait by workers in the field of child protection in hospitals and community police, as well as the Kuwaiti Development Office. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted on 12 workers. The study utilized the qualitative approach, employing phenomenology as a research design. The data gathering technique involves conducting a comprehensive in-depth interview and performing analysis through the utilization of NVivo software. The results showed that there are different methods used to protect children, the interviews also revealed that the counseling service is provided through the Social Development Office and that there is a demand from hospital workers to provide counseling services. The results also showed that there is no unified safety plan in place. The study suggests working on standardized methods for working with children at risk, through assessment, trauma-informed care, as well as proper planning for children's safety.
المصلحة التشريعية في اعتبار اختلاف الدين مانعا للميراث
Authors: أبوزنيد محمد حسين حسين
Published: May 2024

تناول هذا البحث الموسوم بالمصلحة التشريعية في اعتبار اختلاف الدين مانعا للميراث بين الشريعة والقانون في فلسطين , التعرف على طبيعة هذه المصلحة من خلال تحديد ماهية موانع الميراث بشكل عام , وبيان القواعد الفقهية الناظمة لها في المفهوم الشرعي , وبيان راي الفقهاء في حكم اعتبار اختلاف الدين مانعا للميراث في ظل أحكام الشريعة الاسلامية , و التطرق الى رأي قانون الاحوال الشخصية المعمول به في فلسطين باعتبار اختلاف الدين مانعا للميراث من خلال بيان ذلك بصورة تفصيلية في الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة نظرا لخطوع كل منهما لقانون مختلف عن الآخر , ومن ثم تبين للباحث وجود عدة مظاهر تحقق مصلحة عامة من اعتبار اختلاف الدين مانعا للميراث تتمثل هذه المصلحة في حماية الخصوصية الدينية في الشريعة الاسلامية , وحماية النسيج الاجتماعي , وتحقيق العدالة المجتمعية , وحماية التكامل والترابط بين احكام الشريعة الاسلامية بشكل عام .
Perceptions of Medical Students Concerning Online Education
Authors: Khoso Zakira , Brohi Kulsoom , Shereen Asifa , Panhwar Muhammad Ali , Azad Yasmin , Jafferi Ali Asghar , Kandhro Rehmatullah
Published: May 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated a rapid shift to online education systems worldwide, significantly affecting traditional learning environments. This study examines the perceptions and experiences of medical students at Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS) during the enforced online education period, exploring the efficacy and challenges of this sudden transition.
Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess medical students' perceptions of online education, their engagement with various digital tools, and the effectiveness of online learning during the COVID-19 lockdown.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a non-probability convenience sampling method at LUMHS. The study spanned one month and included undergraduate medical students who consented to participate. A structured questionnaire was employed to collect data on students' demographics, their experiences with online classes, and the challenges faced. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Review Committee of LUMHS. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing descriptive statistics, frequency distributions, and Chi-square tests to assess the relationships between variables.
Results: The study comprised 328 participants with a gender distribution of 40.55% male and 59.45% female. Age groups were 18-20 (30.48%), 21-22 (33.55%), and 23-24 (35.97%). Most students preferred online sessions of 40-45 minutes, with significant dissatisfaction reported regarding the educational effectiveness of online learning compared to traditional methods. Technical issues, internet connectivity, and inadequate electrical supplies were significant barriers encountered.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the challenges and limitations of sudden transitions to online learning. Despite the proactive measures by educational institutions and government bodies, students faced significant hurdles that impacted their learning experiences. Future educational strategies should consider these insights to enhance the design and delivery of online education, ensuring it is more robust and effective.
Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumour in a Patient with Ambiguous Genitalia and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Aslam Maria , Sadiq Hasina , Kazmi Abeera , Akbar Hamaida , Zahid Ieman , Hassan Muhammad Ali
Published: May 2024

Background: Hyperandrogenism, characterized by elevated levels of male hormones such as testosterone, presents various clinical manifestations including secondary amenorrhea, hirsutism, and clitoromegaly. While often associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome, other differentials such as Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) are critical to consider. These conditions can manifest at different life stages and are seldom seen together.
Objective: This case study aims to explore the rare co-presentation of CAH and a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor in a patient presenting with secondary amenorrhea and ambiguous genitalia, and to discuss the diagnostic challenges and management strategies involved.
Methods: A 16-year-old female presented with irregular menstrual cycles and secondary amenorrhea, alongside symptoms of hyperandrogenism such as voice deepening and hirsutism. Diagnostic procedures included physical examinations, ultrasound imaging, and hormone level assessments. A detailed ultrasound revealed a large right-sided ovarian mass, and biopsies confirmed a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. Surgical intervention involved the excision of the mass, with subsequent histopathological examination. The patient underwent three cycles of chemotherapy and was scheduled for reconstructive surgery.
Results: Ultrasound dimensions of the ovarian mass were 7.2 x 13.4 x 16 cm, with the post-surgical tumor measuring 18 x 17 cm. Laboratory findings included testosterone levels above 200 ng/ml, and elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels. The histopathological report confirmed a poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor (FIGO stage 1a). Post-treatment follow-up showed a marked reduction in androgen levels and stabilization of the patient's menstrual cycle.
Conclusion: The coexistence of CAH and a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case emphasizes the importance of a thorough evaluation and a multidisciplinary approach in the management of complex hyperandrogenic states to achieve optimal clinical outcomes.
Caregivers' Burden and Mental Health of the Caregivers of β-Major Thalassemia Patients: Mediating Role of Religious Coping
Authors: Saba Wajia , Faran Muhammad , Sardar Javeria , Ashraf Samra
Published: May 2024

Background: Caregiver burden among those caring for patients with thalassemia major in Pakistan poses significant psychological challenges. The role of religious coping mechanisms in alleviating psychological distress and enhancing well-being among caregivers has been highlighted in prior research, suggesting a complex interplay between caregiver strain, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationships between caregiver burden, positive religious coping, and mental health outcomes, specifically psychological well-being and distress, among caregivers of thalassemia patients in the Twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi.
Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, the study included 180 caregivers of thalassemia patients, recruited through non-probability purposive sampling from major thalassemia centers and hospitals in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Data were collected using the Zarit Caregiver’s Burden Scale, the Brief Religious Coping Scale, and the Mental Health Inventory. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to analyze the data, using SPSS and AMOS software, with a focus on the mediating role of positive religious coping between caregiver burden and mental health outcomes.
Results: The analysis revealed that caregiver burden significantly predicted the use of positive religious coping (β = .32, p < .001) and was negatively associated with psychological well-being (β = -.33, p < .001) while positively associated with psychological distress (β = .23, p < .01). Positive religious coping positively influenced psychological well-being (β = .28, p < .01) and negatively influenced psychological distress (β = -.21, p < .05). The model explained 38.2% of the variance in psychological well-being and 34.1% in psychological distress.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the significant impact of caregiver burden on the mental health of caregivers, with positive religious coping serving as a beneficial mediating factor. Enhancing positive religious coping among caregivers may be a viable intervention strategy to improve their mental health outcomes.
Prevalence of Neck Pain and Associated Disabilities among Students who Use Computers
Authors: Gul Muhammad Mustafa , Asad Minahil , Akhtar Muhammad Waseem , Alam Muhammad Mahmood , Shahbaz Muhammad , Gulzar Aneeqa , Burhan Muhammad
Published: May 2024

Background: Neck pain is increasingly prevalent among computer users, leading to significant health concerns and impacting daily activities. Understanding the prevalence and associated disabilities of neck pain in this population is crucial for developing effective preventive measures and interventions.
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of neck pain and associated disabilities among university students who use computers, and to identify the factors contributing to these conditions.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore. A sample of 144 students from DPT, MBBS, BDS, and Pharm-D programs, aged 20-28 years, was selected. Participants included both males and females who used computers for more than two hours daily and had no history of cervical trauma or underlying medical conditions. Data were collected using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaire and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS). Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with descriptive statistics summarizing demographic information and inferential statistics examining associations between neck pain and risk factors.
Results: The study found that 29.2% of participants reported no pain, 20.8% had very mild pain, 45.8% had moderate pain, and 4.2% experienced severe pain. Weak correlations were observed between neck pain and disabilities, with 33.33% of participants able to care for themselves without pain, 62.50% able to care for themselves with extra pain, and 4.17% finding personal care difficult and slow. Regarding headaches, 16.67% reported no headaches, 20.83% had slight headaches infrequently, and 62.50% experienced moderate headaches frequently.
Conclusion: The study concluded that a significant number of university students suffer from neck pain due to prolonged computer use, with most experiencing mild to moderate pain. Preventive measures, including ergonomic interventions and educational initiatives on proper posture and taking breaks, are essential to reduce the incidence of neck pain and improve the quality of life for computer users.
Evaluation of Knowledge among Nurses about Pressure Ulcer in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Nisa Mehk Un , Rafiq Nasim , Ali Amjad , Rizwan Zainab , Ilyas Farwa , Fatima Narjis
Published: May 2024

Background: Pressure ulcers are a prevalent issue in healthcare settings, leading to significant morbidity and increased healthcare costs. Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention and management of these conditions, yet gaps in knowledge can affect patient outcomes. The study aimed to assess the knowledge of nurses at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, a setting where pressure ulcer management is critical yet understudied.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the current level of knowledge among nurses regarding pressure ulcer prevention and management, and to identify any significant differences in knowledge across various critical care settings within the hospital.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Shalamar Hospital, Lahore, involving 125 staff nurses and nursing interns selected via simple random sampling. Participants were required to have at least six months of experience in general wards. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire, assessing knowledge of pressure ulcer management. Ethical approval was obtained from the Shalamar College of Nursing's ethical committee. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel, applying descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Chi-square test, with a significance level set at p<0.05.
Results: The study revealed that 68.8% (86/125) of nurses had average knowledge, 29.6% (37/125) demonstrated good knowledge, and only 1.6% (2/125) exhibited poor knowledge regarding pressure ulcer management. Notably, nurses in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) and High Dependency Unit (HDU) displayed the highest levels of knowledge, whereas those in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Cardiac Care Unit (CCU), and Emergency Room (ER) had comparatively lower knowledge levels.
Conclusion: The majority of nurses at Shalamar Hospital possessed an average level of knowledge concerning pressure ulcer management. There is a critical need for targeted educational interventions to enhance knowledge and practices, particularly in units where nurses showed lower knowledge levels. Improving nurse education in pressure ulcer management could significantly impact the quality of patient care and reduce the prevalence of these injuries.
Role of Radiotherapy in Improving Quality of Life in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Metastasis
Authors: Saif Ur Rehman  , Shafaq Maqsood  , Aneela Deevan
Published: May 2024

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver metastases (LM) are often associated with significant symptoms such as pain and abdominal discomfort, impacting the quality of life (QoL) of affected patients. Current treatments vary in effectiveness and often leave a substantial unmet medical need in symptom management.
Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of external radiation therapy (ERT) in alleviating symptoms and improving the QoL in patients with HCC and LM, focusing on those presenting primarily with pain or abdominal discomfort.
Methods: After institutional review board approval, patients with HCC or painful LM, not previously treated with tumor resection, radiofrequency ablation, or systemic therapy, were included. Eligible participants exhibited symptoms such as pain, nausea, and fatigue, and had a performance status of 0-2. A single fraction dose of ERT was administered, and symptom relief was evaluated using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and QoL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Hepatobiliary (FACT-Hep) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Completion rates of these questionnaires were tracked at baseline, one week, and one month post-treatment.
Results: Of the 43 patients enrolled (23 HCC, 20 LM), significant improvement in the FACT-G TOI was observed in 34% of patients at one month post-ERT. When focusing on those with pain or abdominal discomfort, 59% reported clinically significant symptom relief. However, QoL improvement was noted in only about one quarter of patients, with one third experiencing worsening QoL at one month. Questionnaire completion rates were high initially but decreased over time, reflecting the challenging nature of the patient population.
Conclusion: ERT demonstrated potential benefits in symptom relief, particularly for pain and abdominal discomfort in patients with HCC and LM. Nonetheless, the impact on overall QoL was mixed, highlighting the need for further research into optimizing therapeutic strategies for this patient group.
Comparison of Glycated Hemoglobin (Hba1c%) between High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Non-HPLC Methodology
Authors: Ahmad Rashid , Iqbal Fasih , Shah Muhammad Akbar , Mehr Muhammad Tariq , Khurshida  , Riaz Sajid
Published: May 2024

Background: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) serves as a pivotal marker for the long-term management of glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Accurate measurement of HbA1c is crucial for effective diabetes management and prevention of associated complications. While High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is widely used, non-HPLC methods have also gained popularity due to their simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Discrepancies in measurement between these methods have been a concern, impacting clinical decisions.
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the measurement of HbA1c% using HPLC and non-HPLC methods in a cohort of diabetic patients, evaluating the consistency and reliability of these methodologies.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Hayatabad Medical Complex, MTI, Peshawar from November 2023 to March 2024. A total of 65 diabetic patients aged between 18 and 70 years were enrolled. Participants were excluded if they had conditions known to affect HbA1c measurement. HbA1c levels were measured using both HPLC and non-HPLC methods. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing t-tests to compare the mean HbA1c levels and Bland-Altman analysis to assess agreement between the two methods.
Results: The HPLC method showed a mean HbA1c% of 8.2 (SD = 1.4) while the non-HPLC method showed a mean HbA1c% of 7.6 (SD = 1.3). The Bland-Altman analysis indicated that 91.5% of the values fell within the limits of agreement, suggesting substantial agreement between the methods. The mean difference in HbA1c% between methods was 0.6%, with limits of agreement from -0.3 to 1.5.
Conclusion: Both HPLC and non-HPLC methods provided reliable HbA1c measurements, with a high degree of agreement. Despite minor discrepancies in mean values, both methodologies are suitable for the clinical monitoring of glycemic control in diabetic patients. Further studies with larger sample sizes and multiple centers are recommended to validate these findings.
Frequency of In-Stent Restenosis (ISR) in Diabetic Patients Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) for Stable Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) with Angina Pectoris Class III
Authors: Khan Asad Ullah , Akbar Fazal , Ullah Shafi , Zeb Hasan
Published: May 2024

Background: Coronary intervention with stenting is crucial for managing stable ischemic heart disease and acute coronary syndrome, but post-procedural complications such as stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis (ISR) remain significant challenges. Diabetes mellitus has been identified as a key risk factor contributing to the increased incidence of ISR, thereby complicating long-term outcomes for these patients.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the incidence of ISR between diabetic and non-diabetic patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for stable ischemic heart disease, specifically angina class III.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Peshawar Institute of Cardiology, involving 180 patients who underwent PCI between January and July 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus (90 in each group). ISR was defined using visual angiography as >50% diameter stenosis within the stent or its adjacent 5mm. The demographic and clinical variables collected included age, gender, BMI, smoking status, hypertension, and family history of coronary artery disease. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, employing Chi-square tests for categorical variables, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.
Results: The mean ages of the non-diabetic and diabetic groups were 50.01 ± 8.66 years and 44.26 ± 7.55 years, respectively. The incidence of ISR was significantly higher in the diabetic group (15 out of 90, 16.67%) compared to the non-diabetic group (3 out of 90, 3.33%), with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001).
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus significantly increases the risk of in-stent restenosis following PCI in patients with stable ischemic heart disease. This highlights the need for targeted strategies to manage and monitor diabetic patients more aggressively post-PCI to reduce the risk of ISR.
ASSUMPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS CHILDHOOD BEREAVEMENT.
Authors: Syed Qamar Abbas
Published: May 2024

Childhood bereavement has been a matter of intense discussion among the Palliative care providers. Yet, thereis little evidence base behind the notions, which are prevalent among the population in general, and PalliativeMedicine providers in particular. Among the masses, there is still prevalence of ‘protecting the child’ phenomenon. Beliefs, like this, create confusion among the providers while recommending the strategy while dealing withthe bereaved children. There is definite need to develop plans to deal with this difficult problem, while recognizingsome other issues like culture and spiritual mechanisms.
Überlegungen zur Bedeutung und Gültigkeit des Begriffs „Keszthely-Kultur“ und weitere mögliche Ansätze
Authors: Blay Adrienn
Published: May 2024

This paper addresses the problems of the “Keszthely culture” in the sixth and early seventh centuries in Pannonia. Presented here are other possible readings of the transformations instead of the former static explanations and ethnic constructs about this phenomenon in the Keszthely region in the Early Avar Age. The concept of the “Keszthely culture” traditionally covers four artefacts recovered solely from female graves. Here, I shall demonstrate that these artefacts occur in other regions of Pannonia too and that the former concept of the “Keszthely culture” is no longer tenable. The main question raised here is why exactly the Keszthely region was so intensely used and what is the reason for the concentration of basket earrings, pins, snake-headed bracelets and disc brooches in this region. The central place theory is proposed as an alternative explanation.
Die Pseudoschnallen in der Awarenzeit und ihre Transformation
Authors: Samu Levente , Daim Falko
Published: May 2024

The problem of the so-called “pseudo-buckles” has since long been debated in Hungarian and Russian archaeological scholarship. Although several papers have already been devoted to this topic, it seems instructive to take a fresh look from the perspective of the archaeology of the Avar period. This study offers a new typochronology and analysis of the “pseudo-buckles” with a focus on the earlier, less profusely ornamented types. Examples from both the Carpathian Basin and Eastern Europe are reviewed to illustrate the cultural connections between these two regions. Highlighted here are the formal connections between the different types, alongside a model of the transformation process of these objects. Besides the formal analysis, the technological aspects of these objects are also considered when possible. The formal and chronological analysis is followed by a discussion of the possible social and historical relevance of the pseudo-buckles.
Spätantike Reminiszenzen im Karpatenbecken des 8.–9. Jahrhunderts?
Authors: Szőke Béla Miklós
Published: May 2024

Many dress adornments and costume accessories, and particularly the cast bronze belt fittings worn by the Avars of the Carpathian Basin, create the impression that they had been produced and/or designed and decorated in late antique workshops. Was there a cultural milieu in the eighth–ninth centuries that continued to transmit the spirit and taste of Late Antiquity, or are these articles merely reflections and products of late antique reminiscences? Can we speak of direct cultural, artistic and workshop connections with the Mediterranean existing up to the ninth century, as is often the case today, or did there evolve an independent decorative arts industry in the late Avar period, which was no longer under the direct cultural influence of the Mediterranean, but was merely inspired by it – one that created its own unmistakable style with late antique reminiscences and supplied the entire Avar Khaganate with its products.
What constitutes an obstructive ventilatory impairment in a pediatric population? A study design
Authors: Abdesselem Mariem , Ben Lazreg Nadia , Ben Saad Helmi
Published: May 2024

Introduction : There is no clear consensus as to what constitutes an obstructive ventilatory impairment (OVI) in pediatric populations.
Aim : To determine the percentage of children/adolescents having an OVI among those addressed for spirometry after taking into account the definitions advanced by some international scholarly societies [British Columbia (BC), British thoracic-society (BTS), Canadian thoracic society (CTS), European respiratory society and American thoracic society (ERS-ATS), global initiative for asthma (GINA), Irish college of general practitioners (ICGP), national asthma council (NAC), national institute of clinical excellence (NICE), Société de pneumologie de langue française et de la société pédiatrique de pneumologie et allergologie (SPLF-SP2A), and South African thoracic society (SATS)]. Methods : This bi-centric cross-sectional study will involve two medical structures in Sousse/Tunisia, and will encompass children/adolescents aged 6-18 years. A medical questionnaire will be administered, clinical and anthropometric data will be collected, and the spirometric data will be measured by two spirometers. The following six definitions of OVI will be applied: i) GINA: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) < 80% and a FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤ 0.90; ii) ICGP: FEV1/FVC < 0.70; iii) ERS-ATS or BTS or SATS or SPLF-SP2A or NAC: FEV1/FVC z-score < -1.645; iv) NICE: FEV1/FVC < 0.70 or FEV1/FVC z-score < -1.645; v) CTS: FEV1/FVC < 0.80 or FEV1/FVC z-score < -1.645; and vi) ERS: “FEV1 z-score or FEV1/FVC z-score” < -1.645 or “FEV1 or FEV1/FVC” < 0.80.
Expected results : The percentage of children/adolescents ....( abstract truncated at 250 words)
A Comprehensive Study on Patients' Satisfaction on Virtual Clinics for screening and follow up in Riyadh Third Health Cluster
Authors:   General Practitioner at the Saudi Ministry of Health, Alhazmi Aishah Mohammed
Published: May 2024

This study presents a comprehensive analysis on patients’ satisfaction on virtual clinics that investigates and assesses the level of satisfaction among patients who have used virtual clinics for medical consultations and healthcare services. This study typically involves collecting data through surveys, interviews, or other research methods to understand patients' experiences, perceptions, and opinions about the virtual clinic model
[الأغسال المستحبة قبل الصلوات التي يجتمع لها الناس من كتاب "شرح منتهى الإرادات للبهوتي" من بداية فصل صفة الوضوء إلى الغسل السادس عشر من فصل الأغسال المستحبة (دراسة فقهية مقارنة)]
Authors:   تخصص الفقه وأصوله- جامعة جدة بالسعودية, بن أحمد الزهراني جواهر عطيه
Published: May 2024

يهدف هذا البحث المستل إلى إبراز مسائل الأغسال المستحبة قبل الصلوات التي يجتمع لها الناس، وجمعها واستقرائها ومقارنتها داخل المذهب الحنبلي مع كلاًّ من الكتب التالية: (المقنع لابن قدامه، والتنقيح المشبع للمرداوي، والإقناع للحجّاوي والزاد له) في المذهب الحنبلي، ومقارنتها خارج المذهب مع المذاهب الفقهية الأخرى (الحنفي، والمالكي، والشافعي)
DNA Detection Sensitivity Test from Blood Sample Extraction of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas Maximus Sumatranus) Male at Elephant Training Center, Way Kambas National Park Using Simple and Molecular Methods
Authors: Neli Pratiwi Dian , Priyambodo Priyambodo , Angeliya Liza , Agus Srihanto Eko , Candra Dedi , Devi Krismuniarti Elisabeth , Lestari Rustitati Elly
Published: May 2024

DNA detection of male sumatran elephants' (Elephas maximus sumatranus) blood samples using simple and molecular methods are ways to find out the DNA quality from extracted samples. Molecular biology analysis was done in Biotechnology Laboratory, Lampung Disease Investigation Center, under the Institution Nation Strategy Grant, Directorate General of Research Empowerment and Development, Ministri of Research, Technology and Higher Education 2018 Number 393/UN26.21/PN/2018. Sensitivity test on 12 blood samples was conducted using simple and molecular methods. Simple method is based on 1% gel agarose electrophoresis in TAE (Tris-acetate EDTA) buffer while molecular method involves Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based Glyseraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) primer. Of 12 samples extracted and tested, 10 samples using molecular method showed DNA bands. Sensitivity value (83.33%) of diagnostic calculation showed that molecular method is more sensitive in detecting DNA.
Dormancy of Macadamia Nut Seeds (Macadamia Integrifolia) by Drying and Soaking Water
Authors: Sondari Nunung , Abdullah Rohana , Amalia Lia , Ulfah Indriana , Azizah Rifdah , Wilujeung Sri
Published: May 2024

Macadamia nut seeds are orthodox seeds that result in a dormancy period, so breaking the seed dormancy period is necessary. This study aims to determine the effect of drying and water immersion on dormancy breaking and macadamia bean seed germination and which drying and water immersion had the best impact on dormancy breaking and macadamia bean seed germination. The research was conducted in the soil laboratory and screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Winaya Mukti University, Tanjungsari District, Sumedang Regency, from June to November 2022. The experimental design used was a simple randomized block design (RBD) with a combination of drying and soaking seeds with nine treatment combinations. Each was repeated three times, so there were 27 experimental units. A = P 40oC + PA 45oC, B = P 45oC + PA 50oC, C = P 50oC + PA 55oC, D = P 50oC + PA 45oC, E = P 40oC + PA 50oC, F = P 45oC + PA 55oC, G = P 45oC + PA 45oC, H = P 40oC + PA 55oC, I = P 50oC + PA 50oC. The results showed that drying and soaking in water treatments at different temperatures had no significant effect on seed moisture content, seed cracking percentage, germination percentage, radicle length, and plumula length.
Dormancy Resistance of Macadamia Bean Seeds (Macadamia Integrifolia) by Drying and Water Immersion
Authors: Azizah Rifdah , Sondari Nunung , Abdullah Rohana , Indriana
Published: May 2024

Macadamia nut seeds are orthodox seeds that result in a dormancy period, so breaking the seed dormancy period is necessary. This study aims to determine the effect of drying and water immersion on dormancy breaking and macadamia bean seed germination and to determine which drying and water immersion had the best effect on dormancy breaking and macadamia bean seed germination. The research was carried out in the soil laboratory and screen house of the Faculty of Agriculture, Winaya Mukti University, Tanjungsari District, Sumedang Regency, from June to November 2022. The experimental design used was a simple randomized block design (RBD) with a combination of drying and soaking seeds with nine treatment combinations. Each was repeated three times, so there were 27 experimental units. A = P 40oC + PA 45oC, B = P 45oC + PA 50oC, C = P 50oC + PA 55oC, D = P 50oC + PA 45oC, E = P 40oC + PA 50oC, F = P 45oC + PA 55oC, G = P 45oC + PA 45oC, H = P 40oC + PA 55oC, I = P 50oC + PA 50oC. The results showed that drying and soaking in water treatments at different temperatures had no significant effect on seed moisture content, seed cracking percentage, germination percentage, radicle length, and plumula length.
The Effects of E-leadership and TIC Competence on Motivation and Performance in Teachers: Case Study in Sukasari District, Sumedang Regency
Authors: Tri Hapsari Kristanti , Sedarmayanti Sedarmayanti , Saepudin Didin
Published: May 2024

The world of education in the era of 4.0 is experiencing very rapid development wherethe role of education actors also continues to be updated. Rapid technological advances requireeducation actors to adjust. Advances in all-digital technology provide various conveniences incarrying out activities and can be carried out without being hindered by distance. Education actorsincluding principals and teachers who are the spearhead of education must make reforms in order toadapt to the era of globalization. Traditional leadership styles are felt to need to be updated withappropriate leadership styles, namely e-leadership that can improve teacher performance. However,the limited ability of the principal in mastering Technology, Information and Communication is anobstacle even though this is the basis for e-leadership. The government program was launched ondigitalization of education where the government will prepare schools and education actors toorganize digital-based learning to welcome the digital era. The problem lies in the competence ofhuman resources who are incompetent in facing the digitalization of education and also otherobstacles. The objective of this study should be to determine the extent to which e-leadershipinfluences teacher performance quality. This is quantitative descriptive study, and the instrument isin the form of a questionnaire. Techniques for data analysis include descriptive quantitative dataanalysis. The data's validity is determined by its dependability and validity. The findings revealedthat e-leadership had a beneficial impact on teacher performance. Path analysis reveals that thefactors of technology, information, and communication skill have a considerable impact on teacherperformance, with a positive connection direction.