bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEMAMPUAN GEOLOGI TEKNIK UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN WISATA DAERAH EMBUNG JURANG JERO, HARJOBINANGUN, PAKEM, SLEMAN, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Kristanto Wisnu Aji Dwi , Bujangga I Putu Gema
Published: March 2021

Embung merupakan bangunan buatan dengan fungsi utama menampung dan menyalurkan air permukaan. Namun demikian, embung memiliki daya tarik wisata yang mulai menjadi trend masyarakat. Pengembangan embung sebagai fungsi wisata wajib didukung aspek teknis, salah satunya adalah kemampuan Geologi Teknik yang menjadi tolok ukur kesesuaian lahan. Embung Jurang Jero dibangun pada tahun 2009 di Dusun Jurang Jero, Harjobinangun, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta, dengan kapasitas menampung air sebesar 32.828,88 m3. Terletak pada lereng bawah Gunungapi Merapi, dengan daya tarik alam yang mendukung dikembangkan menjadi kawasan wisata. Dengan demikian, menarik dilakukan penelitian kemampuan Geologi Teknik daerah Embung Jurang Jero untuk pengembangan kawasan wisata yang berwawasan lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pemetaan serta analisis pembobotan parameter pendukung, terdiri dari: daya dukung batuan dan tanah, kemiringan lereng, potensi bencana geologi, kedalaman muka air tanah, kemudahan penggalian, dan tata guna lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga zona kemampuan Geologi Teknik untuk pengembangan kawasan wisata berupa zona kemampuan tinggi, menengah, dan rendah.Kata kunci: kemampuan, Geologi Teknik, embung, wisata, Jurang Jero.
PENYELIDIKAN GEOLISTRIK MENGGUNAKAN KONFIGURASI SCHLUMBERGER TERHADAP POTENSI AMBLESAN DAERAH PONJONG, GUNUNG KIDUL
Authors: rizqi Al hussein flowers rizqi , Yudhana Waskita Murti Bambang
Published: March 2021

Secara administratif daerah penelitian termasuk ke dalam Kecamatan Ponjong, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang secara geografis berada pada koordinat 07°56’30" - 08°1’0" LS dan 110°42’30" - 110°46’0" BT. Beberapa kejadian amblesan pernah terjadi di Ponjong, Gunung Kidul di 2018 mendorong penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi stratigrafi bawah permukaan serta menganalisis kedalaman lapisan batuan yang berpotensi terjadi amblesan (sinkhole) dengan nilai tahanan jenis batuan di daerah Ponjong. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu dengan dengan metode geolistrik tahanan jenis konfigurasi Schlumberger. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, daerah penelitian dengan potensi paling rawan terjadi amblesan adalah pada daerah dengan litologi batuan karbonat Formasi Wonosari (batugamping kristalin dan batugamping chalky) yang berada pada Desa Asem Lulang dengan nilai tahanan batuan yang sangat kecil yaitu berkisar antara 0.1 sampai dengan < 1 (Ωm) pada kedalaman 15-63 meter dan pada kedalaman > 123 meter dibandingkan Desa Sawahombo dan Desa Kenteng yang relatif potensi amblesannya hanya berada pada kedalaman dangkal dan dekat dengan permukaan yaitu 10 - 15 meter.Kata kunci: amblesan, geolistrik, Ponjong, Schlumberger, Wonosari
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF PANCREATIC MUCINOUS CYSTADENOMA
Authors: Ladea Lidia , Costache Andreea Nicoleta , Blăjuț F. C. , Tomulescu V.
Published: March 2021

Pancreatic mucinous cystadenomas (MCAs) are considered to be benign tumors with a high risk of malignant progression. The pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma is considered to be a rare condition that may lead to pancreatic cancer when not surgically resected. MCAs represent 9.7% of all neoplastic pancreatic cysts. The male:female ratio of MCAs is 1:10. The condition appears mostly in women, mean age in the 5th decade. The cyst is restricted by a fibrous capsule of variable consistency and has usually no communication with the pancreatic ductal system. The MCAs are located mostly in the body or tail of the pancreas. The MCAs located in the head of the pancreas are more likely to be malignant. Complete surgical resection is the recommended therapeutic option. We present a case of a 59-year-old female patient admitted in the Departemt of Surgery and Liver Transplatation of Fundeni Clinical Institute for recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. After a thorough investigation was performed, the CT-examination showed a pancreatic mass, located in the tail, measuring 30/40mm. Because the CT aspect was specific for a cystic-like lesion, surgery was recommended. The patient underwent a laparoscopic caudal splenopancreatectomy with a favorable postoperative evolution. The particularity of the case comes from the patient’s clinical presentation, with recurrent acute pancreatitis and the imagistic aspect (ultrasound and CT) that initially suggested a pseudocystic-like lesion, but the elevated CA 15-3 and further elaborated examinations indicated a possible malignant lesion.
GIANT GANGLIONEUROMA IN PEDIATRIC PATIENT
Authors: Coman Cristina , Voitcu Theodora Eugenia , Sandu C. D. , Iosza D. A. , Spătaru R. I.
Published: March 2021

Ganglioneuroma is a rare, benign neuroblastic tumor, arising mainly from the central or peripheral autonomic nervous system, especially the sympathetic system. We present the case of a 7 year old male patient, B.S., with a giant asymptomatic ganglioneuroma located in the retroperitoneum.
A RARE COMPLICATION OF ACUTE COLECISTITIS
Authors: Coțofană M. , Șerban M. B. , Ion D. , Nica Adriana Elena , Mușat Florentina , Coțofană Ioana , Păduraru D. N.
Published: March 2021

Laparoscopic procedures are often preferred to open surgery due to their many advantages, theymay sometimes cause rare complications like intraabdominal, pelvic, and abdominal wall abscesses.We report a case of a 45-year-old woman who presented on multiple occasions to the hospital withsymptoms suggesting an infection involving the epigastric area. Following an exploratoryprocedure it was concluded that unretrieved gallstones from a previous laparoscopiccholecystectomy caused an abdominal wall abscess. This case shows that when establishing adiagnosis, the physician should consider that laparoscopic procedures can cause rarecomplications even after a long period of time.
HYDATID CYST – A CHALLENGING DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT MATTER FOR THE YOUNG PRACTITIONER - THE MANAGEMENT OF A COMMON PATHOLOGY WITH FREQUENT COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Dobrin Oana Andreea , Frasin Andreea , Stanciu Elena , Toader R. I. , Păduraru D. N. , Nica Adriana Elena , Toma C. V. , Coșei V. C.
Published: March 2021

The hydatid cyst, or echinococcosis, is a parasitic disease whose etiologic agent is Echinococcusgranulosus, a parasite pertaining to the Cestodes class. Most commonly, in humans, the disease istransmitted digestively, through the eggs of tapeworms found on the animal fur. In echinococcosis,the existence of an occupational risk for animal breeders was identified, which explains farmingRomania as a hyperendemic country. The complicated clinical picture of Echinococosis maypossess hurdles for the young practitioner, in his endeavor to establish a correct diagnosis. Thispaper presents the particular case of a 49-year-old man, diagnosed with lung hydatid cyst, withoutevidence of liver injury, even though the normal life cycle of the parasite involves liver passage. Atfirst glance, the patient arrived in a hospital department complaining of febrile symptoms withpurulent cough and chest pain that does not resonate with the clinical picture of a hydatid cyst, aswas later discovered from anamnesis. From the patient's medical record, it stems that the patientrefused surgical interventions, and followed an antiparasitic treatment for a year.In the eyes of ayoung practitioner, all this information hampers the differential diagnosis, delaying the decision ofaddressing the patient’s problems through a surgery.In a general sense, depending on the organthat is affected, the most important part of the treatment of the hydatid cyst is represented by thesurgical approach, which must be adapted to each case, taking into account the existingcomplications, the risks that may arise, the anatomic and pathologic substrate of the patient.Thelaparoscopic approach is preferable because of the aesthetic result, but in this case, a classicalmethod was used, because of the high risk of complications during and after surgery.
DIFFERENT SURGICAL OPTIONS IN CUSHING’S DISEASE
Authors: Valea Ana , Ghervan Cristina , Carsote Mara , Albu Simona Elena , Georgescu Carmen Emanuela
Published: March 2021

Cushing’s disease represents a severe endocrine disorder caused by prolonged exposure topituitary tumor-related high cortisol levels. Pituitary surgery is not always successful and otherapproaches as radiotherapy, direct suppressors of adrenocortical and/or pituitary activity, bilateraladrenalectomy are necessary. Case report 1 - A 15-year-old female was admitted at the age of 14for secondary amenorrhea, weight gain and emotional disturbances. Pituitary MRI revealed 2microadenomas of 3 mm, respective 3.5 mm. The pathological report confirmed benign features.After 12 days of hospitalization, the patient was discharged with the recommendation oflevothyroxine. Within the first year after surgery, the thyroid insufficiency due to pituitary surgeryremitted. Case report 2 - A 66-year-old male presented at the age of 37 with headache, weight gain,high blood pressure and Cushing’s disease was confirmed. Pituitary radiotherapy was preferred topituitary surgery since no pituitary tumor was revealed at imagery. 3 years later, two times openbilateral adrenalectomy was performed due to persistent hypercortisolism. The histology examrevealed bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. After discharge, lifelong therapy for adrenal insufficiencywas required. 32 months later, the clinical picture was complicated with Nelson’s syndrome basedon skin hyper-pigmentation and high ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) despite no obviouspituitary adenoma was revealed by imagery. Weekly cabergoline was introduced to correct theincreased ACTH. Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy represents the treatment of choice for ACTH-producing pituitary tumors. The cases when pituitary surgery is not optional or successful, a secondsurgical procedure as bilateral adrenalectomy might become necessary.
SUPRAORBITAL CRANIOTOMY APPROACH IN ENDOCRINE-INACTIVE PITUITARY ADENOMAS
Authors: Valea Ana , Turturea Roxana , Botezan Oana , Moldovan Cristina , Carsote Mara
Published: March 2021

A non-functioning pituitary adenoma is one of the most common endocrine tumors with a benign pattern in the majority of cases. We present the case of a 69 years old female admitted to the endocrinology department for visual field defects, dizziness, memory disorder, bradylalia, bradypsychia. During the medical examination, the patient presented a syncopal event, with abundant sweating and temporo-spatial disorientation. Magnetic Resonance Imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma of 23/33.3/37 mm with two spherical lesions overlapped (“snowman” shape), with mass effect on the cavernous sinuses extending to the posterior wall of the left sphenoid sinus. Visual field examination showed significant narrowing to both eyes. The hormonal profile revealed gonadotropic insufficiency and low Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 with normal prolactin and cortisol levels. Thyroid hormonal evaluation highlighted primary hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis. Two weeks later, adenomectomy was performed by supraorbital craniotomy. After discharge, she received the thyroid hormone replacement therapy initiated preoperatively and specific therapy for associated pathology: diabetes mellitus type 2, osteoporosis, and hyperlipidemia. Pituitary surgery is the first line treatment for the majority of patients with symptomatic endocrine-inactive adenomas. A further multidisciplinary close check-up is periodically recommended.
THE MARK OF THE DURATION OF SURGERY ON THE POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED COLON CANCER
Authors: Mihailov Raul , Serban Cristina , Beznea Adrian , Firescu Dorel , Constantin Georgiana Bianca , Rebegea Laura , Voicu Dragos , Mihailov Oana , Patrascu Traian
Published: March 2021

Postoperative complications are common in patients with complicated colon cancers operated in Emergency. Most complications are those of the sound (suppurations, hematoma, dehiscence), postoperative ileus, anastomotic fistula. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of the duration of the surgery on the postoperative complications in patients with complicated colon tumors, operated in emergency. We made a retrospective study on 451 patients treated for complicated colon cancers in the surgery clinics I and II of the Clinical Emergency County Hospital Galați between 2008 and 2017. In this study, we found all the 3 types of complications of colon tumors, but the most common was the intestinal obstruction. The operations varied from colostomies to subtotal and total colectomies. Most complications occured on the postoperatory days 4-8. The statistical analysis that we made revealed important statistical significance in the correlation of the postoperative complications and the duration of the surgical intervention (p value less than 0,001).The emergency colon cancer surgery has a high rate of postoperative complications, of which the most common are cardio-respiratory, parietal and fistulous. Their occurrence is directly influenced by the duration of the surgery.
PERCUTANEOUS DILATATION TRACHEOSTOMY: THE TECHNIQUE FROM THE ENT SURGEON'S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Zahran Mohamed , Ahmed Omar
Published: March 2021

The percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy (PDT) using the Seldinger technique was developed a fewdecades ago and gained popularity. PDT has become a more convenient technique for intensive careunits (ICU) patients across the world. The present work aims to share our experience as ENTsurgeons in performing a percutaneous tracheostomy. A series of eight patients were included in thestudy. ICU patients on mechanical ventilation more than 14 days were ideal candidates for PDT. Theinvention of PDT had overcome many obstacles found in the surgical tracheostomy (ST) procedure.PDT can be performed as a bedside procedure which saves both time and cost of operating theatres.
SPONTANEOUS RUPTURE OF DOUBLE J URETERAL STENT
Authors: El Mostapha Abdi , Youssef Ghannam , Hagguir Hissein , Saleh Nedjim Abdelkerim , Mohamed Dakir , Adil Debbagh , Rachid Aboutaieb
Published: March 2021

The double J stent is widely used in urological endoscopic surgery with different indications (ureteral stenosis, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, retroperitoneal tumor or fibrosis) and can be a subject to multiple complications including migration, encrustation, stone formation and fragmentation which is a rare complication. We are reporting a rare case of a 42-years-old, followed for cervical cancer since 2018 revealed by an acute obstructive renal failure drained by a left double J ureteral stent (of long duration) and right percutaneous nephrostomy. The patient maintained the double J stent for 2 years. On clinical examination there was a lumbar tenderness on the left side and a hardened vaginal cervix on bimanual vaginal examination. The patient underwent a renovesical ultrasound showing a minimal left ureterohydronephrosis. The uroscanner with reconstruction revealed a fragmented double J stent on the left side.
The Characteristics of Innovative Teachers: The Relationship Between Science Teachers' Views on Student Achievement and Learning and Teaching Motivation
Authors:   Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Education, İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, İstanbul, Turkey, Kirkiç Kamil Arif , Yahşi Ömer ,   Provincial Directorate of National Education, İzmir, Turkey
Published: March 2021

Abstract: Determining teachers’ views on student success and learning is considered important in terms of increasing the level of students' learning. The motivation people have can affect their attitude toward their job. This becomes even more important in teachers, who have a significant impact on an individual’s life. It is therefore seen as important to determine teachers' teaching motivation. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between secondary school science teachers' views on student achievement and learning and their own level of teaching motivation. This research used the correlational survey method, a method in quantitative research. The sample group consisted of teachers (124 female and 39 male science teachers) working in Izmir. Two data collection tools were used in the study: the ‘Teacher Motivation Scale’ and the ‘Teachers’ Opinions Scale about Student Achievement and Learning’. Participants’ demographic information was obtained using a ‘Personal Information Form’ designed by the researchers. According to the results of the study there was no difference according to gender variable but there was a significant difference in favor of science teachers who had a Bachelor’s degree between the groups. The study showed that as the age and teachers’ years of service increased, their views on student achievement and learning become more negative. According to the results it is recommended to organize well-planned inservice training to increase the teaching motivation and conduct in-depth research to understand the relationship among teacher beliefs, practice, and school context.
Editorial
Authors:   College of Education, Univerity of Otago, Sexton Steven S.
Published: March 2021

Editorial volume 32, issue 1, 2021
Effects of Banana Resistant Starch on the Biochemical Indexes and Intestinal Flora of Obese Rats Induced by a High-Fat Diet and Their Correlation Analysis
Authors: Fu Jinfeng , Wang Yuting , Tan Simin , Wang Juan
Published: March 2021

The effects of banana resistant starch (BRS) on obesity-related metabolic and intestinal flora were investigated in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. After 6 weeks of intervention, the glucolipid metabolism index [blood glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C)], hormone index [leptin (LEP), insulin (INS), ghrelin, adiponectin (ADP), and thyroxine (T4)], and 16S rRNA sequencing analyses were performed for each group to explore the regulating effect of intestinal flora and the mechanism of weight loss in obese rats. The results showed that (1) BRS intervention significantly reduced the levels of GLU, TG, TC, LDL-C, LEP, and INS (p < 0.01) and increased the contents of ghrelin (p < 0.05) and ADP (p < 0.01). (2) BRS could improve the diversity of intestinal flora and regulate the overall structure of intestinal microorganisms, mainly by upregulating the Bacteroides/Firmicutes ratio and the relative abundance of Cyanobacteria and downregulating the relative abundances of Deferribacteres and Tenericutes (at the phylum level). BRS could inhibit the proliferation of Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella and increase the abundances of Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae, and Lachnospiraceae (at the genus level). (3) Some significant correlations were observed between the gut microbiota and biomarkers. Turicibacter, Romboutsia, and Oligella were positively correlated with GLU, TG, TC, LEP, and INS and negatively correlated with ghrelin and ADP. Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Akkermansia were negatively correlated with GLU, TG, and TC. Conclusion: BRS had promising effects on weight loss, which could be associated with the improvement in host metabolism by regulating intestinal flora.
Alterations of Gastric Microbiota in Gastric Cancer and Precancerous Stages
Authors: Zhang Xinmei , Li Chao , Cao Weijun , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: March 2021

Objective

Microbial infections have been shown to contribute to gastric carcinogenesis, the knowledge of gastric microbiota alteration in this process may provide help in early diagnosis of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbial changes and identify taxonomic biomarkers across stages of gastric carcinogenesis.

Methods

The gastric microbiota was investigated by 16S rRNA gene analysis in gastric mucosal specimens from 47 patients including superficial gastritis (SG), atrophic gastritis (AG), gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN), and gastric cancer (GC). Differences in microbial composition across the disease stages, especially in GIN and GC were assessed using linear discriminant analysis effect size.

Results

There was no gradual changing trend in the richness or diversity of the gastric microbiota across stages of gastric carcinogenesis. The relative abundance of dominant taxa at phylum and genus levels didn’t show a gradual shift pattern, and the only four taxa that continuously enriched from SG to GC were Slackia, Selenomonas, Bergeyella, and Capnocytophaga, all of which were oral bacteria. The most representative taxa which were enriched in GC patients were oral bacteria including Parvimonas, Eikenella and Prevotella-2, and environmental bacteria including Kroppenstedtia, Lentibacillus, and Oceanobacillus. The gastric microbiota in GIN patients were characterized by enrichment of intestinal commensals including Romboutsia, Fusicatenibacter, Prevotellaceae-Ga6A1-group, and Intestinimonas. Gastric cardia cancer and non-cardia cancer patients had significantly different microbiota profiles characterized by a higher abundance of Helicobacter in the cardia cancer patients.

Conclusions

Our results provide insights on potential taxonomic biomarkers for gastric cancer and precancerous stages, and suggest that gastric microbiota might play different roles in the carcinogenesis of cardia cancer and non-cardia cancer.
Extreme Rainfall and Hydro-Geo-Meteorological Disaster Risk in 1.5, 2.0, and 4.0°C Global Warming Scenarios: An Analysis for Brazil
Authors: Marengo Jose A. , Camarinha Pedro I. , Alves Lincoln M. , Diniz Fabio , Betts Richard A.
Published: March 2021

With the inclusion of demographic characteristics of the population living in vulnerable areas, a combination of empirical and climate models was used to project changes to climate and in hydro-geo-meteorological disasters in Brazil. This study investigated the effect of extreme rainfall changes and the risk of floods and landslides under 1.5, 2.0, and 4.0°C global warming levels (GWLs). Projections from a large ensemble of pre-CMIP6 models and different warming levels show a remarkable change in heavy precipitation. As a result, with increasing warming this enhances the risk of landslides and flash floods in the context of climate change. Comparisons of vulnerability and change in potential impacts of landslides and floods show that three regions, highly densely populated areas, are the most exposed to landslides and floods. The Southern and Southeastern of Brazil stand out, including metropolitan regions with high economic development and densely populated, which may be those where disasters can intensify both in terms of frequency and magnitude. The eastern portion of the Northeast is also signaled as one of the affected regions due to its high vulnerability and exposure since the present period, although the projections of future climate do not allow conclusive results regarding the intensification of extreme rainfall events in scenarios below 4°C. The main metropolitan regions and tourist resorts, and key infrastructure in Brazil are located in those regions. This study highlights the importance of environmental policies to protect human lives and minimize financial losses in the coming decades and reinforces the need for decision-making, monitoring, and early warning systems to better manage disasters as part of disaster risk reduction risk management.
Triple Oxygen Isotope Measurements by Multi-Collector Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Bouden Nordine , Villeneuve Johan , Marrocchi Yves , Deloule Etienne , Füri Evelyn , Gurenko Andrey , Piani Laurette , Thomassot Emilie , Peres Paula , Fernandes Firmino
Published: March 2021

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a powerful technique for in situ triple oxygen isotope measurements that has been used for more than 30 years. Since pioneering works performed on small-radius ion microprobes in the mid-80s, tremendous progress has been made in terms of analytical precision, spatial resolution and analysis duration. In this respect, the emergence in the mid-90s of the large-radius ion microprobe equipped with a multi-collector system (MC-SIMS) was a game changer. Further developments achieved on CAMECA MC-SIMS since then (e.g., stability of the electronics, enhanced transmission of secondary ions, automatic centering of the secondary ion beam, enhanced control of the magnetic field, 1012Ω resistor for the Faraday cup amplifiers) allow nowadays to routinely measure oxygen isotopic ratios (18O/16O and 17O/16O) in various matrices with a precision (internal error and reproducibility) better than 0.5‰ (2σ), a spatial resolution smaller than 10 µm and in a few minutes per analysis. This paper focuses on the application of the MC-SIMS technique to the in situ monitoring of mass-independent triple oxygen isotope variations.
Air Pollution in a Low-Industry City in China’s Silk Road Economic Belt: Characteristics and Potential Sources
Authors: Wang Fanglong , Li Zhongqin , Wang Feiteng , You Xiaoni , Xia Dunsheng , Zhang Xin , Zhou Xi
Published: March 2021

In this study, air pollutants were analyzed at a low-industry city on the Silk Road Economic Belt of Northwestern China from 2015 to 2018. The results show that SO2 and CO had a decreasing trend and NO2, O3, PM2.5, and PM10 had an increasing trend during the study period. The primary characteristic pollutants were PM2.5 and PM10, which were higher than China’s Grade II standard. SO2, NO2, CO, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations showed similar seasonal variation patterns: the highest pollutant concentration was in winter and the lowest in summer. Those pollutants showed a similar diurnal pattern with two peaks, one at 7:00 to 9:00 and another at 21:00 to 22:00. However, O3 concentration was highest in summer and lowest in winter, with a unimodal diurnal variation pattern. The annual average pollution concentrations in Tianshui in 2017 were substantially lower than the concentrations reported by most cities in China. By examining the meteorological conditions at a daily scale, we found that Tianshui was highly influenced by local emissions and a southwest wind. Potential source contributions and concentration weighted trajectory analyses indicated that the pollution from Gansu, Sichuan, Qinghai, and Shaanxi Province could affect the pollution concentration in Tianshui. The results provide directions for the government to take in formulating regional air pollution prevention and control measures and to improve air quality.
Evidence of Surface Rupture Associated With Historical Earthquakes in the Lower Tagus Valley, Portugal. Implications for Seismic Hazard in the Greater Lisbon Area
Authors: Canora Carolina , Vilanova Susana P. , De Pro-Diáz Yolanda , Pina Pedro , Heleno Sandra
Published: March 2021

The Lower Tagus Valley Fault, Portugal, has long been associated with the damaging earthquakes that affected the Greater Lisbon Area in historical times. These include a poorly documented earthquake that occurred in 1344, the relatively well-documented 1531 earthquake, and the most recent M6.0 1909 earthquake. In this work, we use a 0.5 m resolution LiDAR-based digital elevation model and a 0.5 cm resolution digital surface model based on UAV photogrammetry to accurately locate the fault scarps in the northernmost portion of the western fault strand and to select sites to perform paleoseimolological investigations. The paleoseismological and geochronological analysis performed in the Alviela trench site document the fault activity in the last 3000 years, including two earthquakes during historical times. We performed ground motion scenarios for 20 km, 40 km, and 60 km ruptures including the trench site. The ground motion fields obtained for the 40 km and 60 km ruptures are in agreement with most macroseismic intensity data available for the 1531 earthquake, implying a magnitude in the range M6.8–7.4. However, the degree of deformation preserved in the trench suggests a value closer to the lower magnitude bound. The intensity level observed in Lisbon in 1531 (IX) is lower than the modeled intensities for all considered scenarios and could be related to a particularly high level of vulnerability of the building stock.
Sexual Dimorphic Distribution of Hypothalamic Tachykinin1 Cells and Their Innervations to GnRH Neurons in the Zebrafish
Authors: Ogawa Satoshi , Ramadasan Priveena Nair , Anthonysamy Rachel , Parhar Ishwar S.
Published: March 2021

Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), encoded by TAC1/Tac1 gene are members of the tachykinin family, which exert their neuromodulatory roles in vertebrate reproduction. In mammals, SP and NKA have been shown to regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion via kisspeptin neurons. On the other hand, the role of SP/NKA in the regulation of reproduction in non-mammalian vertebrates is not well known. In the present study, we first localized expression of tac1 mRNA in the brain of male and female zebrafish, Danio rerio. Next, using an antibody against zebrafish tachykinin1 (Tac1), we examined the neural association of SP/NKA neural processes with GnRH3 neurons, and with kisspeptin (kiss2) neurons, in the brains of male and female zebrafish. In situ hybridization showed an apparent male-dominant tac1 expression in the ventral telencephalic area, the anterior and posterior parts of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus. On the other hand, there was female-dominant tac1 expression in the ventral periventricular hypothalamus. Confocal images of double-labeled zebrafish Tac1 and GnRH3 showed associations between Tac1-immunoreactive processes and GnRH3 neurons in the ventral telencephalic area. In contrast, there was no apparent proximity of Tac1 processes to kiss2 mRNA-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus. Lastly, to elucidate possible direct action of SP/NKA on GnRH3 or Kiss2 neurons, expression of SP/NKA receptor, tacr1a mRNA was examined in regions containing GnRH3 or Kiss2 neurons by in situ hybridization. Expression of tacr1a mRNA was seen in several brain regions including the olfactory bulb, preoptic area and hypothalamus, where GnRH3 and Kiss2 cells are present. These results suggest that unlike in mammals, Tac1 may be involved in male reproductive functions via direct action on GnRH3 neurons but independent of kisspeptin in the zebrafish.
The Epigenetics of Gametes and Early Embryos and Potential Long-Range Consequences in Livestock Species—Filling in the Picture With Epigenomic Analyses
Authors: Zhu Linkai , Marjani Sadie L. , Jiang Zongliang
Published: March 2021

The epigenome is dynamic and forged by epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA species. Increasing lines of evidence support the concept that certain acquired traits are derived from environmental exposure during early embryonic and fetal development, i.e., fetal programming, and can even be “memorized” in the germline as epigenetic information and transmitted to future generations. Advances in technology are now driving the global profiling and precise editing of germline and embryonic epigenomes, thereby improving our understanding of epigenetic regulation and inheritance. These achievements open new avenues for the development of technologies or potential management interventions to counteract adverse conditions or improve performance in livestock species. In this article, we review the epigenetic analyses (DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs) of germ cells and embryos in mammalian livestock species (cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs) and the epigenetic determinants of gamete and embryo viability. We also discuss the effects of parental environmental exposures on the epigenetics of gametes and the early embryo, and evidence for transgenerational inheritance in livestock.
Conservation Priorities Analysis of Chinese Indigenous Pig Breeds in the Taihu Lake Region
Authors: Zhao Qing-bo , López-Cortegano Eugenio , Oyelami Favour Oluwapelumi , Zhang Zhe , Ma Pei-pei , Wang Qi-shan , Pan Yu-chun
Published: March 2021

Most indigenous pig resources are known to originate from China. Thus, establishing conservation priorities for these local breeds is very essential, especially in the case of limited conservation funds. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed 445 individuals belonging to six indigenous breeds from the Taihu Lake Region, using a total of 131,300 SNPs. In order to determine the long-term guidelines for the management of these breeds, we analyzed the level of diversity in the metapopulation following a partition of diversity within and between breed subpopulations, using both measures of genic and allelic diversity. From the study, we found that the middle Meishan (MMS) pig population contributes the most (22%) to the total gene diversity while the Jiaxing black (JX) pig population contributes the most (27%) to the gene diversity between subpopulations. Most importantly, when we consider one breed is removed from the meta-population, the first two breeds prioritized should be JX pig breed and Fengjing pig breed followed by small Meishan (SMS), Mizhu (MI), and Erhualian (EH) if we pay more attention to the gene diversity between subpopulations. However, if the priority focus is on the total gene diversity, then the first breed to be prioritized would be the Shawutou (SW) pig breed followed by JX, MI, EH, and Fengjing (FJ). Furthermore, we noted that if conservation priority is to be based on the allelic diversity between subpopulations, then the MI breed should be the most prioritized breed followed by SW, Erhuanlian, and MMS. Summarily, our data show that different breeds have different contributions to the gene and allelic diversity within subpopulations as well as between subpopulations. Our study provides a basis for setting conservation priorities for indigenous pig breeds with a focus on different priority criteria.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Improves Renal Function in Obese Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Authors: Perticone Maria , Maio Raffaele , Scarpino Paola Elisa , Mancuso Luana , Volpentesta Mara , Caroleo Benedetto , Suraci Edoardo , Sciacqua Angela , Sesti Giorgio , Perticone Francesco
Published: March 2021

Background:Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and it has a detrimental effect on renal function. Obesity is the major risk factor for OSAS, and represents a risk factor for chronic kidney disease. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the suggested therapy for moderate-to-severe OSAS. We designed this study to evaluate the effect of CPAP on estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) in a cohort of obese patients with moderate-to-severe OSAS and normal renal function.

Methods:We enrolled 198 obese subjects, divided into two groups (OSAS+ and OSAS–), on the basis of cardiorespiratory monitoring; mild OSAS patients (n= 33) were excluded from the study, thus the analyses were conducted on 165 patients. Comparisons between groups were made by Studentt-test or χ2test as appropriate. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between baseline e-GFR and different covariates and, in the OSAS+ group, between Δe-GFR and different covariates. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to determinate the independent predictor of the Δe-GFR.

Results:OSAS+ subjects showed significantly increased values of systolic blood pressure, HOMA, pulse wave velocity, high-sensitivity C reactive protein and uric acid compared with OSAS– group. OSAS+ group showed significantly lower values of e-GFR and increased values of microalbuminuria. At linear regression analysis e-GFR resulted significantly and inversely related to AHI in the whole study population and in the two groups. After 6 months of CPAP therapy, OSAS+ subjects showed an improvement in respiratory parameters, as well as a significant increase in e-GFR values (104.2 + 19.0 vs. 84.0 + 13.1 ml/min/1.73 m2,P< 0.0001). At multiple regression analysis, Δ apnea/hypopnea index (AHIa) resulted the main independent predictor of Δe-GFR explaining 22% of its variation.

Conclusions:Obese OSAS patients show significantly lower values of e-GFR, even if in the normal range, compared with obese non-OSAS subjects. After 6 months of CPAP, e-GFR significantly improved (+20 ml/min/1.73 m2) and ΔAHIa resulted the most important independent predictor of Δe-GFR.
Metal-Pseudomonas veronii 2E Interactions as Strategies for Innovative Process Developments in Environmental Biotechnology
Authors: Busnelli María Pia , Lazzarini Behrmann Irene C. , Ferreira Maria Laura , Candal Roberto J. , Ramirez Silvana A. , Vullo Diana L.
Published: March 2021

The increase of industrial discharges is the first cause of the contamination of water bodies. The bacterial survival strategies contribute to the equilibrium restoration of ecosystems being useful tools for the development of innovative environmental biotechnologies. The aim of this work was to study the Cu(II) and Cd(II) biosensing, removal and recovery, mediated by whole cells, exopolymeric substances (EPS) and biosurfactants of the indigenous and non-pathogenic Pseudomonas veronii 2E to be applied in the development of wastewater biotreatments. An electrochemical biosensor was developed using P. veronii 2E biosorption mechanism mediated by the cell surface associated to bound exopolymeric substances. A Carbon Paste Electrode modified with P. veronii 2E (CPEM) was built using mineral oil, pre-washed graphite power and 24 h-dried cells. For Cd(II) quantification the CPEM was immersed in Cd(II) (1–25 μM), detected by Square Wave Voltammetry. A similar procedure was used for 1–50 μM Cu(II). Regarding Cd(II), removal mediated by immobilized EPS was tested in a 50 ml bioreactor with 0.13 mM Cd(II), pH 7.5. A 54% metal retention by EPS was achieved after 7 h of continuous operation, while a 40% was removed by a control resin. In addition, surfactants produced by P. veronii 2E were studied for recovery of Cd(II) adsorbed on diatomite, obtaining a 36% desorption efficiency at pH 6.5. Cu(II) adsorption from a 1 mM solution was tested using P. veronii 2E purified soluble EPS in 50 mL- batch reactors (pH = 5.5, 32°C). An 80% of the initial Cu(II) was retained using 1.04 g immobilized EPS. Focusing on metal recovery, Cu nanoparticles (NPs) biosynthesis by P. veronii 2E was carried out in Cu(II)-PYG Broth at 25°C for 5 days. Extracellular CuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectral analysis while both extracellular and intracellular NPs were analyzed by SEM and TEM techniques. Responses of P. veronii 2E and its products as biosurfactants, bound and soluble EPS allowed Cu(II) and Cd(II) removal, recovery and biosensing resulting in a multiple and versatile tool for sustainable wastewater biotreatments.
Genetic Evolution Characteristics of Genotype G57 Virus, A Dominant Genotype of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus
Authors: Wang Jinfeng , Jin Xuanjiang , Hu Jingkai , Wu Yifan , Zhang Mengmeng , Li Xiao , Chen Jianglin , Xie Shumin , Liu Jing , Qi Wenbao , Liao Ming , Jia Weixin
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to investigate the genetic evolution of the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV). Whole genome phylogenetic trees were constructed based on 306 H9N2 avian influenza strains collected in China from 2014 to 2019. The results showed that eight gene sequences were clustered separately according to their dominant clades, and a total of 10 genotypes were identified (seven of which were novel types). Among them, G57 genotype was confirmed as the most prevalent genotype with a frequency of 94%. In China, the G57 genotype of H9N2 first emerged in 2007, and then became the most common genotype in 2013. Therefore, the nucleotide substitution rates of G57 genotype in HA and NA genes collected from 2007 to 2019 were estimated, and the positive selection pressure sites in the same data set were measured. Taking 2013 as the boundary, the time period was divided into two periods: 2007–2012 and 2013–2019. From 2007 to 2012, multiple genotypes coexisted and could bear the pressures from both nature and environment; while G57 genotype was still in the adaptation stage, subjected to less selection pressure and in the process of slow evolution. However, from 2013 to 2019, G57 became the dominant genotype, and most of the external pressure reacted on it. Moreover, G57 genotype showed better adaptability than other genotypes. From 2013 to 2019, the nucleotide substitution rates of the HA gene were increased, and the positive selection pressures on HA and NA genes were stronger compared to those from 2007 to 2012. To sum up, the absolutely dominant G57 genotype exhibited a relatively constant genotype frequency and experienced adaptive evolution and natural selection simultaneously during the monitoring period. Therefore, urgent attention and diligent surveillance of H9N2 avian influenza virus are becoming increasingly important.
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotype Mixtures, Viral Load, and Liver Damage in HBV Patients Co-infected With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Jose-Abrego Alexis , Roman Sonia , Rebello Pinho João Renato , de Castro Vanessa Fusco Duarte , Panduro Arturo
Published: March 2021

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection is possible in patients who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since both share similar transmission routes. Furthermore, through the continuous risk of exposure, they potentially can be infected by mixtures of distinct HBV genotypes which can result in the presence of two or more genotypes in a single patient. This study aimed to specify the frequency of mixtures of HBV genotypes and their potential clinic importance in HIV-infected Mexican patients. HBV infection was assessed by serological testing and molecular diagnostics. HBV mixtures were detected by multiplex PCR and DNA sequencing. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using transitional elastography, the Aspartate aminotransferase to Platelets Ratio Index score, and Fibrosis-4 score. Among 228 HIV-infected patients, 67 were positive for HBsAg. In 25 HBV/HIV co-infected patients, 44 HBV genotypes were found: H (50.0%, 22/44), G (22.7%, 10/44), D (15.9%, 6/44), A (9.1%, 4/44), and F (2.3%, 1/44). Among these, 44.0% (11/25) were single genotype, 36.0% (9/25) were dual and 20.0% (5/25) were triple genotype. The most frequent dual combination was G/H (44.4%, 4/9), while triple-mixtures were H/G/D (60.0%, 3/5). The increase in the number of genotypes correlated positively with age (Spearman’s Rho = 0.53, p = 0.0069) and negatively with platelet levels (Spearman’s Rho = − 0.416, p = 0.039). HBV viral load was higher in triply-infected than dually infected (31623.0 IU/mL vs. 1479.0 IU/mL, p = 0.029) patients. Triple-mixed infection was associated with significant liver fibrosis (OR = 15.0 95%CI = 1.29 – 174.38, p = 0.027). In conclusion, infection with mixtures of HBV genotypes is frequent in HIV patients causing significant hepatic fibrosis related to high viral load, especially in triple genotype mixtures.
Divergently Transcribed ncRNAs in Escherichia coli: Refinement of the Transcription Starts Assumes Functional Diversification
Authors: Kiselev Sergey , Markelova Natalia , Masulis Irina
Published: March 2021

Non-coding regulatory RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise specialized group of essential genetically encoded biological molecules involved in the wide variety of cellular metabolic processes. The progressive increase in the number of newly identified ncRNAs and the defining of their genome location indicate their predominant nesting in intergenic regions and expression under the control of their own regulatory elements. At the same time, the regulation of ncRNA’s transcription cannot be considered in isolation from the processes occurring in the immediate genetic environment. A number of experimental data indicate the notable impact of positional regulation of gene expression mediated by dynamic temporal DNA rearrangements accompanying transcription events in the vicinity of neighboring genes. This issue can be perceived as particularly significant for divergently transcribed ncRNAs being actually subjected to double regulatory pressure. Based on available results of RNAseq experiments for Escherichia coli, we screened out divergent ncRNAs and the adjacent genes for the exact positions of transcription start sites (TSSs) and relative efficiency of RNA production. This analysis revealed extension or shortening of some previously annotated ncRNAs resulting in modified secondary structure, confirmed stable expression of four ncRNAs annotated earlier as putative, and approved the possibility of expression of divergently transcribed ncRNAs containing repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) elements. The biogenesis of secreted ncRNAs from divergently transcribed ffs, chiX, ralA, and ryhB is discussed taking into account positions of TSSs. Refinement of TSSs for the neighboring genes renders some ncRNAs as true antisense overlapping with 5′UTR of divergently transcribed mRNAs.
Adiponectin-Transfected Endothelial Progenitor Cells Have Protective Effects After 2-Hour Middle-Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Wang Meiyao , Li Yan , Zhang Renwei , Zhang Shuaimei , Feng Hongliang , Kong Zhaohong , Aiziretiaili Nadire , Luo Zhengjin , Cai Qi , Hong Yan , Liu Yumin
Published: March 2021

Objectives: This present study aimed to examine the effects of adiponectin-transfected endothelial progenitor cells (LV-APN-EPCs) on cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods: Seventy male Sprague–Dawley rats with T2DM were randomly divided into sham, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), LV-APN-EPCs, LV-EPCs, and EPCs groups. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced by the intraluminal suture method. After 1 h of reperfusion, the five interventions were performed by tail-vein injections. The modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was used to assess neurological function before and on days 1, 7, and 14 after MCAO. After 14 days, magnetic resonance imaging scanning, hematoxylin and eosin staining, terminal dUTP nick-end labeling staining, Western blotting analysis, cluster of differentiation (CD) 31 immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate infarct rate, morphological damage, cell apoptosis, and microvessel density.

Results: Compared with PBS, LV-EPCs, and EPCs groups, the LV-APN-EPCs group showed significantly lower mNSS score, lower infarct rate, and less morphological damage (all P < 0.05). In addition, compared with other groups, the LV-APN-EPCs group had significantly increased levels of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) protein, CD31+ microvessels, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, and decreased levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein and neuronal apoptosis in the peri-infarct cortex (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion: These results suggest that LV-APN-EPCs exert protective effects against cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury in T2DM rats by increasing angiogenesis.