bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prinsip Kerjasama pada Tuturan Pria dan Wanita dalam Podcast Kode Kompas TV Episode “Ternyata Pendidikan di Indonesia Jauh Tertinggal”
Authors: Maratussholihah Zuhrotul , Suhartono Suhartono , Yuniseffendri Yuniseffendri
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pematuhan dan pelanggaran prinsip kerjasama, serta mendeskripsikan perbandingan antara tuturan pria dan wanita yang ditinjau dari penggunaan prinsip kerjasama. Metode dalam penelitian ini yaitu kualitatif yang menghasilkan data berupa tuturan atau dialog dalam podcast Kode Kompas TV episode Ternyata Pendidikan di Indonesia Jauh Tertinggal. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan teknik simak cacat dan dilanjutkan dengan menganalisis data menggunakan teknik agih. Tahapan yang dilakukan dalam analisis data yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data dan diakhiri dengan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat sembilan data pematuhan maksim dan dua belas data pelanggaran maksim dalam prinsip kerjasama. Pematuhan dan pelanggaran prinsip kerjasama menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara tuturan pria dan wanita. Wanita cenderung melanggar maksim kuantitas dan relevansi, dikarenakan wanita memiliki frekuensi berbicara lebih banyak dibangdingkan pria. Sedangkan, pria cenderung melakukan pelanggaran maksim kualitas dan cara, dikarenakan pria lebih cenderung berbicara secara spontan dan terus terang. Perbedaan tuturan tersebut disebabkan oleh kondisi sosial, kebiasaan, dan gender.
Effect of feeding processed Soybean Meal on broiler’s performance, intestinal morphology, cecal microbial population and immune response
Authors: Nabati Arsalan , Chamani Mohammad , Foroudi Farhad , Sadeghı Aa , Aminafshar Mehdi
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to assess the effects of different levels of processed soybean meal (PSBM) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, cecal bacterial count, and immune responses of broilers. A total of 560 Ross 308 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to seven groups. The control group received a basal diet based on standard soybean meal (SBM). Groups S1 (starter 1), G1 (grower 1), and F1 (full period 1) received diets containing 2.5% PSBM, while Groups S2, G2, and F2 received diets containing 5% PSBM at each life phase, respectively. The results demonstrated that average daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved in the groups fed the 5% PSBM diet. Additionally, PSBM replacement did not affect villus length in any intestinal region. Nevertheless, increasing dietary PSBM content reduced intestinal goblet cell number (P<0.01) and cecal Clostridia population (P<0.01). Furthermore, PSBM enhanced bronchitis antibody titers and immune responses against PHA at 24 and 48 hours after injection, respectively (P<0.01). In conclusion, adding 5% PSBM to regular SBM is recommended, particularly in the grower phase, due to its positive effects on broilers.
Comparison of the fodder yield, nutritive value and cost of triticale and vetch mixtures under hydroponic condition
Authors: Akman Mine , Gumus Hidir
Published: October 2024

This study was carried out determine the effects of different ratios of triticale and vetch seed and use of fertilizer on fodder yield, nutritive value and cost of fodder grown. The treatments included five ratios of triticale to vetch seeds at 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 0:100 (V0, V10, V20, V30, and V100; respectively and a fertilizer treatment (with (+) or without (-) fertilizer). The experiment was a completely randomized design in factorial arrangements (five seed treatments and two fertilizer treatments). Considering the yield performance, differences were found among treatments with the highest yield (21.78 kg fresh weight m-2) for V0+ and lowest (18.48 kg fresh weight m-2) for V100-. With increasing proportions of vetch, ash, crude protein and acid detergent fiber increased linearly, whereas neutral detergent fiber and nitrogen free extract decreased linearly. The crude fiber was lowest (8.43%) for V0+ and highest (10.26%) for V100+ fodders, respectively. Highest neutral detergent fiber was observed for V0- while V100- revealed the lowest neutral detergent fiber. The acid detergent fiber was lowest for V0+ compared with all other treatments. The nitrogen free extract content in V0+ fodder were gradually higher than that of other fodders. The fodder’s energy value was significantly different among the treatments. The results in the study showed that the seed cost was the highest in the V0+ fodder to produce one kg fresh fodder. The higher expense for one kg CP and one unit energy (MJ kg-1) was obtained in V0 fodder, as well.
The effects of herbal cream and silymarin on liver in carbon tetrachloride-treated animals
Authors: Kandil Asli , Kılıc Aysu , Gürel Gürevin Ebru , Söğüt İbrahim , Üstünova Savaş , Eren Şeyma , Caner Metin , Demirci Tansel Cihan
Published: October 2024

Many medical or pharmaceutical plants have been widely used for the treatment of the liver injury. Silymarin is now used as a food-supporting material for the liver as a patented product. Herbal cream has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on wound healing in a hemorrhoid model. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of herbal cream and silymarin on the liver in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated animals. Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups as Intact control, Control, Herbal cream (0.5 ml, intrarectal), Silymarin (70 mg/kg, intrarectal), CCl4 (2 ml/kg, intraperitoneal), CCl4+Herbal cream (0.5 ml herbal cream for 21 days, 3 weeks after administration of CCl₄) and CCl4+Silymarin (70 mg/kg silymarin for 21 days, 3 weeks after administration of CCl₄). Herbal cream reduced damage and leukocyte distribution induced by CCl4 and increased catalase. There was no significant change in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The levels of SOD, catalase, and GPx in the liver increased significantly in the group treated only with herbal cream. These results point out that herbal cream may have antioxidant properties in the liver and a role in preventing liver damage. As a result, it has been detected that herbal cream is not a toxic agent and recovers liver damage with antioxidant properties.
Assessment of carbapenem resistance and carbapenemase genes in wastewater from cattle slaughterhouses: Implications for environmental antibiotic resistance surveillance
Authors: Al Serhat , Dışhan Adalet , Barel Mukaddes , Güngör Candan , Hızlısoy Harun , Karadal Fulden , Ertaş Onmaz Nurhan , Yıldırım Yeliz , Gonulalan Zafer
Published: October 2024

The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and assess the potential risks associated with cattle slaughterhouse wastewater. A total of 270 wastewater samples were collected from 10 different cattle slaughterhouses for microbiological analysis. Conventional culture methods were employed, followed by disc diffusion, the Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM), and the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) to identify carbapenem resistance. The Vitek® 2 compact system was used for species identification and antibiotic susceptibility profiling. Conventional and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed to detect specific carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48), among the collected 17 (6.30%) carbapenem-resistant isolates, one Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.37%), one Aeromonas hydrophila (0.37%), and two Aeromonas sobria (0.74%) exhibited resistance to meropenem. Additionally, six P. fluorescens (2.22%) and two A. hydrophila (0.74%) isolates demonstrated intermediate resistance to meropenem. Furthermore, five carbapenem-resistant isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1.85%), known to be inherently resistant to most antibiotics. Ten different antibiotics were evaluated in the antibiotic resistance panel and all Aeromonas isolates were found to be resistant to cefazolin and one A. hydrophila was detected as multi-drug resistant. The revealed data indicates that slaughterhouse wastewater can serve as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogens. However, it may not pose a substantial risk for the distribution of carbapenemases, thereby mitigating concerns related to potential public health and environmental hazards associated with this aspect of slaughterhouse operations. This study contributes to understanding of antibiotic resistance in livestock-related environments and underscores the importance of continued monitoring and surveillance.
Limbal stem cell deficiency in cats: Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management
Authors: Şenel Oytun Okan , Ergin İrem , Sainkaplan Sumeyye
Published: October 2024

Limbal stem cell deficiency is a progressive process that causes a severe cellular reaction on the corneal surface and can result in blindness in animals, especially in cats. Many medical and surgical methods have been developed to increase the limbal epithelial stem cell population or for the restoration and reconstruction of the limbal region. With the advancements in science and technology today, cell-based regenerative therapies hold promise for the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency in animals. This review has been prepared to evaluate the etiology of limbal epithelial stem cell deficiency, to reveal effective diagnostic criteria in determining the disease, and to provide a general perspective on the therapeutic management in cats.
Some virulence genes and biofilm formation capabilities of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from different sources
Authors: Saytekin Ahmet Murat , Adıgüzel Adem , Alkilani Khaled , Güllü Yücetepe Ayfer , Keskin Oktay
Published: October 2024

In this study, it was aimed to determine the biofilm-forming abilities of both clinical and food-borne isolates of Listeria monocytogenes, to investigate the presence of nine different virulence genes, and to consider the current threat status of this agent. A total of 28 isolates, 21 from food and seven from clinical origin, were used in the study. Two different methods, namely “tube adherence” and “microplate” were used to determine the biofilm formation abilities of isolates. For the determination of nine different virulence genes of Listeria monocytogenes (inlA, inlC, inlJ, hylA, luxS, flaA, prfA, inlB, actA), the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used. As a result, all isolates were found to be able to form a biofilm to varying degrees by both tube and microplate methods. These two methods were similar in terms of their results. All nine different virulence gene regions were detected at various rates in the isolates. Although the genes directly related to biofilm formation for the isolates weren't detected, to form biofilm was observed. The virulence genes detected in clinical origin isolates were proportionally higher than in food-borne isolates (except for flaA and prfA gene regions). It was concluded that bacteria of Listeria monocytogenes continue to form biofilm and carry virulence genes regardless they are from food or clinical origin. Also, food-borne contaminations continue to be a severe threat to human health. So, to prevent listeriosis, cases of both humans and animals should be taken required precautions and all cases should be considered carefully.
META-ANALYSIS: POVERTY, PSYCHOLOGY, GENDER EQUALITY: BARRIERS AND SOLUTIONS IN STUNTING PREVENTION
Authors: Wahyudi Udi , Wahyudin Uyu , Suryadi Ace , Sudiapermana Elih
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by multi-factors, including one of them is the poverty factor that affects the mother's psychology during pregnancy. However, the risk factors for stunting from maternal psychological factors until now have not been widely researched and found specific interventions.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze obstacles and solutions in stunting prevention based on poverty, psychological, and gender risk factors.
Method: The data collection technique used by researchers to get published articles is to use data bases from google scholar, publish or ferish, mendeley, google book, PubMed.
Result: The results of the research obtained explain that stunting can be triggered by the psychological condition of the mother during Hamill. The trigger for the emergence of psychological problems in pregnant women is the inability of the family (husband) to meet bio, psycho, social, and spiritual needs. Family economic factors are one of the main problems causing psychological problems of pregnant women, including the problem of gender violence.
Conclusion: based on the results of analysis of several studies in the form of journals, it was found that psychological factors / depression affect the baby's growth and development.
Sağlık Çalışanlarının Yeni Medya Okuryazarlığı Becerileri: Hatay Örneği
Authors: Yiğiter Ayhan
Published: October 2024

Günümüzde öne çıkan ve etkin olarak kullanılan teknolojiler, okuryazarlık becerisinin sadece yazma ve okuma eylemleriyle değil aynı zamanda yeni ilişkiler ağıyla da ele alınmasını gerektirmektedir. Yeni iletişim teknolojilerinin hayatımızda yer edinmesi, okuryazarlık kavramının dijital alanda karşılık bulmasını ve yeni medya okuryazarlığı kavramının oluşmasını sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık sektöründe çalışanların yeni medya okuryazarlığı becerilerini betimlemektir. Çalışma verileri, nicel araştırma türlerinden tarama yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma örneklemini basit seçkisiz örneklem tekniği ile belirlenen 351 sağlık çalışanı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, “yeni medya okuryazarlık ölçeği” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde T testi, Tek Yönlü Varyans Analizi, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann Whitney U testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, sağlık çalışanlarının fonksiyonel tüketim ve eleştirel tüketim alt boyut düzeyleri yüksek, fonksiyonel üretim ve eleştirel üretim alt boyutları ise ölçeğin tamamında orta düzeydedir. Çalışanların yeni medya okuryazarlıkları cinsiyetlere göre kadınların lehine, eğitim durumlarına göre ön lisans ve lisans mezunlarının lehine, dijital medyayı kullanım süresine göre günlük 6-10 saat kullananların lehine ve kullanım yerine göre evde ve uyuyamadığında kullanan gruplar lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmaktadır. Sağlık çalışanların aylık gelirlerine göre yeni medya okuryazarlıklarında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir.
Alterações estruturais e funcionais do cérebro em pacientes com neuralgia do trigêmeo
Authors: Vitorino Thiago Callak Teixeira , Duarte Carlos Henrique Avelino , Oliveira Danilo Brito Silva de , Silva Eduardo Jorge Custodio da , Almeida Fabrício Duarte de , Pinho Leonardo Lima , Silva Mariany Cunha da , Silva Matheus Gabriel Gontijo , Moraes Murilo Peres de , Sá Pedro Paulo Dias de , Marcello Thaís Ribeiro Oliveira Santos de , Ribeiro Victor Taglyone , Damasceno Victor Yuri Pereira
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A neuralgia do trigêmeo (NT) é um distúrbio cerebral crônico que causa dor lancinante, unilateral, que irradia para um ou mais ramos do nervo. A NT é classificada em clássica e idiopática, em relação a presença ou não de compressão neurovascular. No entanto, os mecanismos periféricos são incapazes de explicar a fisiopatologia da NT. Paralelamente, os estudos de neuroimagem indicam alterações morfológicas cerebrais associados à dor crônica. Objetivo: Analisar as modificações estruturais e funcionais do cérebro em pacientes com neuralgia do trigêmeo. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa na base de dados PUBMED utilizando os descritores “TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA AND BRAIN” para artigos publicados entre 2019 e 2024. Resultados: Diferentes estudos evidenciaram que  em pacientes com neuralgia do trigêmeo, principalmente naqueles refratários ao tratamento da dor, apresentavam redução da massa cinzenta do córtex cerebral. Dentre as áreas analisadas, o tálamo foi a que mais se destacou quanto a presença dessas alterações morfológicas. Os estudos mostraram, que as alterações não ficavam restritas apenas na morfologia, mas se expandiam para a qualidade funcional dessas áreas, de modo que as funções fisiológicas realizadas nesses locais poderiam ser comprometidas. Dentre essas modificações funcionais, destaca-se os centros responsáveis pelas emoções, memória e produção de fatores tróficos que regulam o crescimento dos neurônios do gânglio trigeminal (TG). Conclusão: Alterações estruturas e funcionais foram relatadas no cérebro dos pacientes com NT, principalmente em regiões do córtex central da massa cinzenta. Dessa forma, a compreensão das alterações na NT auxilia na identificação do melhor tratamento, diagnóstico e prognóstico do paciente.
أخلاقيات مهنة الإرشاد المدرسي من وجهة نظر مديري مدارس التعليم الأساسي بسلطنة عمان
Authors: السعيدي حميد بن مسلم , الشيدي خالد بن جمعة
Published: October 2024

الأهداف: هدفت الدراسة إلى تقصي درجة الممارسات الأخلاقية لمهنة الإرشاد لدى المرشد المدرسي من وجهة نظر مدير المدرسة والمشرف المختص، وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات؛ كالجنس، والوظيفة في بعض مدارس التعليم الأساسي في سلطنة عمان. المنهج: استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وأعدّت بطاقة ملاحظة بنيت على أربعة (المبادئ العامة، الكفايات المهنية والخصائص الشخصية، السرية، العلاقات الإرشادية)، وبعد التحقق من الصدق والثبات طبقت بطاقة الملاحظة على 60 مرشداً مدرسياً (من الجنسين)، اختيروا بطريقة عشوائية بسيطة. النتائج: كشفت نتائج الدراسة أن درجة ممارسة أخلاقيات مهنة الإرشاد لدى المرشد المدرسي في مدارس التعليم الأساسي جاءت بمتوسط حسابي قدره 4.41، بدرجة كبيرة جداً، وقد جاء ترتيب متوسطات درجة محاور أداة الدراسة من الأعلى إلى الأقل على النحو الآتي: العلاقات الإرشادية، المبادئ العامة، السرية، الكفايات المهنية والخصائص الشخصية. كما كشفت النتائج عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لدرجة ممارسة أخلاقيات مهنة الإرشاد لدى المرشد المدرسي في مدارس التعليم الأساسي، تعود إلى متغيري الجنس والتخصص. الخاتمة: توصي الدراسة بضرورة إعطاء أولوية للبرامج التخصصية في الإرشاد النفسي التربوي، وصياغة وثيقة للممارسات الأخلاقية لدى الاختصاصيين النفسيين والاجتماعيين، تعتمد عليها وزارة التربية والتعليم في عمل المرشد المدرسي أياً كان مسماه أو تخصصه.
Factors affecting Kuwait University students’ adoption of social media
Authors: AlFailakawi Yousef M. , Alqahs Khaled A.
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore how social media is diffused among Kuwait University students in light of the diffusion of innovation theory (DOI). Method: A convenience sample of Kuwait University students (N=2000, males= 89 and females= 1171) who used social media tools was selected. A questionnaire was administered to measure frequencies of using Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram. In addition, 15 statements that explained reasons for using certain social media tools in terms of the five DOI factors, that is, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability, and relative advantage were presented to the participants. Results: The results showed that new social media applications were more advantageous and easier to use than old social media networks. These new social media applications were also compatible with the user’s lifestyle, were typically available to try before adoption, and offered benefits to the user. The reasons for adoption varied by gender. For males, relative advantages superseded other reasons. Females, on the other hand, found observability to be the dominant factor. Conclusion: The study results might be utilized for brand or product promotion, publicity, or organizational objectives. The results of this study might assist in determining which subjects can be skillfully employed in political or social media news releases. The findings reveal how communication messages, public service announcements, news, and other targeted communications might be tailored to the desired audience.
التحليل الاجتماعي لمعدلات الجريمة لدى النساء مقارنة بالذكور في الكويت إبّان الفترة من 1999 إلى 2018
Authors: الفضلي حسين محمد , الناصر فهد عبدالرحمن , حسن أفراح عادل السيد
Published: October 2024

الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التحليل الاجتماعي لمعدلات الجريمة لدى النساء مقارنة بالرجال في الكويت في الفترة من 1999 إلى 2018. المنهج: اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج النوعي من خلال استخدام البيانات الثانوية لتحليل معدلات الجريمة في الكويت مع التركيز على انخراط المرأة في الجريمة على ضوء نظرية التحديث والعولمة والنظرية النسوية، وذلك باستخدام بيانات رسمية قد نشرت من سنة 1999 إلى 2018. النتائج: خلصت نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن الكويتيين الذكور أكثر ارتكاباً للجريمة (الجنايات أو الجنح) مقارنة بالإناث الكويتيات أو غير الكويتيين ذكوراً وإناثاً. وكان ارتكاب الكويتيات لجرائم الجنح أكثر من جرائم الجنايات. ومن أكثر جرائم الجنح التي ارتكبتها الكويتيات هي الجرائم الواقعة على النفس، والجرائم الواقعة على العرض والسمعة، تليها الجرائم الواقعة على المال. وعلى عكس ذلك وجدت الدراسة أن أكثر جرائم الجنح التي ارتكبت من قبل غير الكويتيات هي الجرائم الواقعة على المال، تليها الجرائم الواقعة على النفس، والجرائم الواقعة على العرض والسمعة.أما الجرائم الضارة بالمصلحة العامة؛ فقد كانت الأقل ارتكاباً عند جميع الإناث كويتيات وغير كويتيات. وقد بلغ عدد المسجونات الكويتيات 51 في الفترة من 1999 إلى 2018 مقارنة بعدد المسجونات غير الكويتيات 229. وقدّم تحليل اجتماعي لهذه النتائج في ضوء نظرية التحديث والعولمة والنظرية النسوية. الخاتمة: خلصت الدراسة إلى أهمية العمل لمزيد من الدراسات حول جرائم المرأة وبطرح بعض التوصيات ذات المضامين التي تتعلق بالتخطيط والسياسة الاجتماعية لمواجهة هذه المشكلة.
Assessment of the relationship between oral health and adenoid hypertrophy in children aged 8 to 15 years
Authors: Farahzadi Zahra , Khodadadi Effat , Abesi Farida , Gholinia Hemmat
Published: October 2024

Background: The oral health of children is adversely affected by mouth breathing. One of the main reasons for mouth breathing in children is adenoid hypertrophy. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the relationship between oral health and adenoid hypertrophy among children aged 8–15 years in the city of Babol. Methods: This case-control study was conducted on 100 children. The case group included 50 children with adenoid hypertrophy. An Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist examined the children clinically and referred them to the oral and maxillofacial radiology clinic. The study control group included 50 healthy children. To assess the size of the adenoidal tissues and the dimensions of the upper airways, we assessed the linear cephalometric measurement Ptm-ad2 . The evaluations consisted of the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT and dmft for permanent and primary teeth, respectively) index, mean periodontal pocket depth, plaque index (PI), and papillary marginal attached (PMA) index. Results: Fifty samples had adenoid hypertrophy. The prevalence of dental caries was significantly higher in children with adenoid hypertrophy compared to healthy children (DMFT was 4.10±2.09 and 2.06±0.97, and dmft was 3.52±3.34 and 1.48±1.24, in the case and control groups, respectively). Furthermore, the periodontal indices of the case group were significantly greater than those of the control group (periodontal pocket depth was 2.93±0.35 and 1.98±0.23, PI was 2.73±0.26 and 1.13±0.29, and the PMA index was 5.71±0.82 and 2.55±0.48, in the case and control groups, respectively). Conclusion: In the case group, there was a statistically higher prevalence of dental caries and gingival inflammation than in the control group. Therefore, periodical dental visits and preventive dental procedures are recommended for children with adenoid hypertrophy.
Knowledge and attitude of dental trauma among dental students in trace region of Turkiye
Authors: Çetinkaya İrem , Özveren Neslihan
Published: October 2024

Background: The study aimed to determine the level of knowledge of Trakya University Faculty of Dentistry 4th and 5th grade students about the diagnosis and clinical management of dental traumatic injuries and to evaluate the effects of factors such as the students’ age, gender, and study period. Methods: Total of 180 participants who were students in Trakya University Faculty of Dentistry were evaluated in 2022. The questionnaire comprised three chapters: the first chapter contained sociodemographic information, the second chapter contained general information such as trauma history, clinical experience, dental trauma education, and self-assessment of dental trauma knowledge, while the third chapter contained questions about the clinical management of dental trauma. Questionnaire reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, which was found to be 0.717. This indicates acceptable internal consistency (0.8>α≥0.7). The survey data underwent analysis using the chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney U Test, and multiple regression analysis. Results: A total 180 dentistry students in Trakya University participated in the survey. While 90.6% of the participants stated that they had not experienced any dental injury while continuing their education, 50.6% stated that they witnessed dental injury. 71.1% of the participants reported having a moderate level of knowledge regarding dental injuries. The results about clinical management of dental trauma showed that median level of case knowledge of the participants was 11. Considering that the highest score that can be obtained is 20, the participants are considered to have moderate case knowledge. When case knowledge level differed according to socio-demographic characteristics, it also differed significantly according to gender (z=-3.811; P<0.01). The case knowledge score (n=12) of the female participants is higher than the score of the male participants (n=10). Conclusion: The knowledge of dental students about the management of dental trauma was accepted but moderate.
The relationship between anxiety, quality of life, and oral health of children aged 4-6 years in kindergartens in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Bagheri Adib , SadeghiPour Maryam , Soleimani Ali Asghar , Mehrnia Nika , Soleimanpoor Sarvin
Published: October 2024

Background: Although oral health indicators have shown significant improvement in recent decades, oral diseases are still considered a common chronic disease with high prevalence in society. These diseases are considered important community health issues due to the effects they have on people›s lives and the effects their treatment may have. Numerous studies have shown an association between anxiety and decreased oral health indicators, with anxiety disorders being the most common childhood psychiatric disorders. This study attempts to determine the link between anxiety, quality of life and oral health in children. Methods: This study was performed on a random sample of 600 children aged 4–6 years in kindergartens in Tehran, and finally, 443 were evaluated. The Preschool Anxiety Scale (PAS) questionnaire measured children’s anxiety, and the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (F-ECOHIS) questionnaire was used for quality of life. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to evaluate the simultaneous effect of anxiety and oral health variables on the life quality related to oral health. The causal relationship between the variables were investigated and confirmed with this tool and the χ2 /df, GFI, CFI, NNFI (TGF), and RMSEA indices. Results: The reliability of the PAS and F-ECOHIS questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. SEM was used to investigate the concurrent effects of anxiety and oral health on oral health-related quality of life (OHQOL). Two SEM models were selected for our purpose. Both models were statistically suitable, but the model in which anxiety directly impacted dmft and directly or indirectly influences OHQOL was clinically justified and was selected as the final model. Conclusion: Anxiety directly affects oral health (DMFT) and has a direct and indirect effect on the quality of life related to the oral health of preschool children.
Comparison of the effectiveness of two different pain assessment methods in different orthodontic procedures
Authors: Cigerim Saadet Cinarsoy , Erhamza Turkan Sezen , Bayzed Jamil
Published: October 2024

Background: This study compares two pain ratings that patients use to indicate how uncomfortable they are during bonding andthe collection of orthodontic registration material.Methods: Two hundred people, ages eleven to twenty, participated in the study; 125 were female and 75 were male. Theparticipants’ discomfort levels were assessed during bonding operations and the initial registration material collection using thevisual analog scale (VAS) and the facial pain scale (FPS). During the first registration material collection in oral photography,dental impressions, X-rays, bonding operations, lip retractor insertion, polishing, acid and sealing, and bracket application,pain levels were recorded. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the data between groups, while the Wilcoxon andFriedman tests were used to analyze the data within groups. The gathered data were statistically analyzed with a significancethreshold of 5%.Results: There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the VAS and FPS scales when evaluating pain duringintraoral photography, the dental impression procedure, X-rays, lip retractor insertion, polishing, acid and sealing, and bracketbonding (0.537<r<0.734; P=0.001). A statistically significant positive connection was also discovered when the genderdifference was included (0.261<r<0.42; P=0.001).Conclusion: Similar information was obtained during the orthodontic initial registration and bonding procedures using twodifferent pain assessment instruments. It is also believed to make it possible to compare research using different pain scales.
Comparison between the average dimensions of three brands of stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) and the average dimensions of primary molar teeth
Authors: Sharifi Maryam , Sayadizadeh Mahsa , Parizad Narges , Hatami Nima , Poureslami Hamidreza
Published: October 2024

Background: Stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) are usually used for deciduous teeth with more than two destroyed surfaces. Selecting the suitable SSC, in terms of proximal fit and marginal fit, has usually been challenging for practitioners. The current study compares the deciduous molar dimensions in the SCCs with the dimensions of these teeth given in the textbook. Methods: The dimensions of 3M, Kids Crowns, and KTR SCCs were measured using a digital caliper. Utilizing SPSS 26 software, the data was examined and compared to the table of standard sizes of primary teeth using one-sample t test, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The study showed no significant difference in upper first molar SSCs in the occlusal-cervical dimension in Kids Crowns (P=0.14) and 3M (P=0.078) and in the mesiodistal dimension in Kids KTR (P=0.083) and Crowns (P=0.22). There was no significant difference in lower first molar SSCs in the occlusal-cervical dimension in Kids Crowns (P=0.14) and in the buccolingual dimension in 3M (P=0.91) and KTR SSCs (P=0.09). There was no significant difference in the upper second molar SSCs in the occlusal-cervical dimension of Kids Crowns (P=0.28) and 3M (P=0.32). There was no significant difference in lower second molar SSCs in the occlusal-cervical dimension in Kids Crowns (P=0.27) and KTR (P=0.07), in the mesiodistal dimension in Kids Crowns (P=0.22), KTR (P=0.22), 3M (P=0.59) and in the bucco-lingual dimension of KTR (P=0.26) and 3M (P=0.78). Conclusion: SSCs and teeth had the highest conformity in the occlusal-cervical dimension and the lowest conformity in the mesiodistal and bucco-lingual dimensions. SSCs had the highest conformity with the lower molars.
A comparison of subjective and objective caries risk assessment methods
Authors: Ravi Karthikayan , Prasad Vishnu , Priyadharsini Indra , Jagadeson Mahesh
Published: October 2024

Background: Dental caries is a serious public health problem significantly affecting oral health. Though there have been many advancements in treating dental caries, complete prevention of dental caries is still beyond reach. Several risk factors are associated with caries formation and progression. Previous studies have been conducted on dental caries and the efficiency of diagnosis using subjective and objective methodologies. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the contradictions in results of subjective and objective interpretations. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in the clinical setting of rural areas near Chengalpattu. Using convenience sampling, 285 samples were collected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria within the age range of 7–20 years. The subjects were selected from the Outpatient Department of Karpaga Vinayaka Institute of Dental Sciences. American Dental Association (ADA) questionnaires were used for subjective caries risk assessment (CRA), unstimulated salivary samples were collected to measure salivary pH for objective CRA, and DMFT (decayed, missing, filled tooth) and def indices were measured for reference. After data collection, statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Chi-square and Pearson correlation tests were performed to find the statistical differences, and a correlation was found between subjective and objective assessment results. Results: In this study, the correlation between objective risk assessment based on salivary pH and actual caries status was slightly better (r=0.159) than other risk assessment methods (r=0.050). Moreover, a negative correlation was found between subjective and objective CRA (r=- 0.062). Conclusion: The study findings show a negative correlation between subjective and objective assessment. Objective CRA using salivary pH was positively correlated with actual caries status.
Applying the last-birthday respondent selection method to an oral health telephone survey in an Iranian population
Authors: Solati Mohammad , Boroumand Farzaneh , Toutouni Hediyeh
Published: October 2024

Background: A representative sample in health surveys ensures the findings can be reliably generalized to the target population. Conducting oral health surveys through telephone interviews has become more common, and ensuring respondent randomness is necessary for any health survey. Several techniques have been suggested. This paper reports applying the last-birthday method as a within-household random selection method for the first time in an oral health telephone survey in Iran. Methods: This study was part of a larger research in which adult citizens’ self-perceived oral health was compared with an objective dental examination. The last-birthday method randomly selected a household member for each attempted landline number, asking the primary respondent to select an eligible family member with the most recent birthday. The selected respondent was then either contacted or replaced with another respondent from the same household based on the research criteria. Results: Of the 6745 called numbers, 1771 were invalid, 3129 did not respond, 364 were not households, and 771 declined to be interviewed. Finally, 710 respondents entered the random selection procedure, of which 53 had no eligible family member to select. The sample selection method’s difficulty caused 36 refusals. Of the 621 selected final respondents, 30 could not be contacted or refused upon introduction. The total percentage of "selection" and "post-selection" dropouts that could be attributed to the sample selection method was 7.41%. Based on the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR Response Rate 1) guidelines, the minimum response rate for the interview was 13%, and the AAPOR Response Rate 3 was 39.6%. In all characteristics except for employment status (P=0.488), the final participant’s demographic characteristics were significantly different from those of the city population (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Oral health science can make use of the last-birthday selection strategy. This technique seems to obtain a reasonably representative sample through a respondent-friendly selection process in telephone surveys.
Diabetic Patients’ Perception of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Mardanian Dehkordi Leila , Javanbakhtian Ghahfarrokhi Raheleh
Published: October 2024

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the serious and debilitating challenges faced by patients with diabetes, which imposes a financial burden on both patients and healthcare systems. Although this problem can be prevented and treated by proper foot care techniques, many patients do not follow the recommendations. Accordingly, this study aimed to rely on deep insight and knowledge to explain diabetic patients’ perception of DFU and identify appropriate care and support practices to prevent and manage it. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted using qualitative content analysis. The participants were 15 patients with diabetes, who visited the healthcare centers in Shahrekord, Iran selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face and semi-structured interviews with the participants until data saturation. Data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Data analysis led to the identification of four main categories including being destined to a doomed fate, self-treatment, indifference to obsessive care, and care-inhibiting beliefs. Conclusion: To gain a deeper understanding of standard foot care, the causes of foot ulcers, preventive care services, and existing treatments, different strategies can be adopted such as peer education or using the experiences of other patients with ulcers.
High School Students’ Perceptions of Nursing as a Future Career Choice: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Najafi Ghezeljeh Tahereh , Mardani-Hamooleh Marjan , Seyedfatemi Naima , Keyvanloo Sahar , Fooladi Marjaneh
Published: October 2024

Background: Understanding the perceptions of high school students, before entering the field of nursing, can be a basis for future planning in this regard. Accordingly, this study aimed to explain the perceptions of these students about nursing as a future career choice in Iran. Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was conducted in four public high schools in Tehran, Iran. Participants included 28 students recruited using purposive sampling who were administered semi-structured, face-to-face interviews in 2019. The duration of the interviews ranged from 30 to 45 minutes and the interviews were transcribed verbatim. The method proposed by Elo and Kyngäs was used to analyze the data. Initially, semantic similarities and differences were reviewed and the subcategories were identified. After repeated reviews, the related subcategories were placed in one category. Results: Data analysis showed students’ perceptions of nursing as a future career could be classified into three categories and seven subcategories. The main categories included a positive view of the nursing profession (with two subcategories: interest in the profession and being a supporter), barriers to choosing nursing as a future career (with three subcategories: the lack of professional independence, poor financial support, and negative evaluation of nursing), and cultural issues (with two subcategories: stigmatized public image and nursing as a gender-dominated profession). Conclusion: The results of this study showed high school students have positive and negative views towards nursing and the influence of cultural issues on the nursing profession. If those interested in nursing can enter this field, they will act as professionals who provide optimal patient care.
The Ethical Challenges Faced by Nurses Providing Care to Patients with COVID-19: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Authors: Ghaljaei Fereshteh , Akbarizadeh Majid Reza , Naderifar Mahin
Published: October 2024

Background: Nurses most frequently face ethical challenges due to their direct contact with patients. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the ethical challenges faced by nurses who provided care to patients with COVID-19. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. A total of 13 nurses who were selected through purposive sampling participated in the study. Data were collected via in-depth and semi-structured interviews until data saturation from June to late November 2021. Data were analyzed simultaneously with data collection using qualitative content analysis based on the steps proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Besides, data accuracy and robustness were checked, and ethical standards were followed. Results: Data analysis led to the identification of two main themes including threatening adherence to professional obligations and experiencing moral distress in patient care. Conclusion: Based on the findings, nurses mentioned a large number of ethical challenges such as the risk of injustice and loss of responsibility in providing care, decision conflicts, weakening ethical concepts such as patience and kindness, conflict between professional obligations and personal commitments, and the lack of attention to metaphysical beliefs. The results of this study highlighted the importance of educational planning, psychological and economic support, gratitude and empathy shown by authorities, providing security in the workplace, and developing face-to-face psychological interventions based on nursing needs.
Concept Analysis of Suffering in Parents of Children with Cancer
Authors: Azarbarzin Mehrdad , Sadeghi Narges , Alavi Azam , Ghaljaei Fereshteh
Published: October 2024

Background: The concept of suffering is fundamental when dealing with life-threatening diseases like cancer, affecting both patients and their families. However, this concept has not been thoroughly examined in nursing culture. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the concept of suffering among parents of children with cancer. Methods: Walker and Avant’s eight-step method was used to analyze this concept. The literature review was conducted using Google Scholar, Ovid, Medline, and CINAHL databases from 2000 to 2022 focusing on suffering, conceptual analysis of suffering, and cancer and suffering as keywords. Results: Initially, 138 articles were obtained. After reviewing the articles and eliminating the irrelevant ones, 47 articles were deemed pertinent for further analysis. Among these, 10 articles directly related to the topic of suffering in families due to cancer were chosen as the basis for concept analysis. Conclusion: The analysis of the concept of suffering in parents of children with cancer involved choosing the concept, defining the purpose of analysis, identifying all potential uses of the concept, describing its attributes, presenting a model case, determining borderline, related, contrary, and unrelated cases, identifying antecedents and consequences (preliminaries and delays), and detailing empirical referents.
Restructuring Non-teaching Hospitals into Teaching Hospitals in Iran: Component Change in General Hospitals
Authors: Shahidi Sadeghi Niusha , Maleki Mohammadreza , Vatankhah Soudabeh , Mohaghegh Bahram , Ehsanzadehsorati Seyed Jafar
Published: October 2024

Background: The present study investigated how a general hospital is restructured in Iran when transforming from a non-teaching into a teaching hospital. Methods: This applied study was conducted based on a mixed-method design from 2020 to 2021 using a systematic search and review, document analysis, comparative and cross-sectional design, multiple voting technique, and qualitative phenomenological method. Results: The conceptual framework of the components of a hospital as a system includes inputs (governance and policy-making, goals and mission, clinical and support departments, physical space, clients, and human resources), processes (internal and external relations, key processes, type and level of services, and teaching mission systematization), and outputs (performance evaluation, internal and external customer satisfaction, human capital empowerment, organizational behavior, income-cost management, cost-effectiveness and efficiency, service quality, and legal and social responsibility). Conclusion: The findings from the present study depicted how the components of teaching and non-teaching hospitals are restructured when changing their functions. Restructuring an established organization, such as a hospital, is very challenging and requires multiple changes. This study had some implications including highlighting the need to formulate protocols for restructuring non-teaching hospitals into teaching hospitals or constructing new teaching hospitals, classifying teaching hospitals and clarifying their differences, focusing on the teaching mission in hospitals, and reviewing and updating the integration of medical education in providing health services.
Progress Visualisation, Competition, and Collaboration in Digital Game-based Learning as Audience (DGBL-AA)
Authors: Xu Dongjie , Read Janet
Published: October 2024

This study builds on previous work investigating the efficacy of a novel framework for the design of interactive learning activities based on Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL). The work presented here provides further explanation of the setup from the previous experiment with the novel framework, DGBL-AA, by considering the provision of a game that a learner can ‘observe’ as an audience, with parameters related to a linked learning activity. Using a quasi-experimental approach, we analyse children’s reactions and perceptions of a game they observe as spectators. While the previous work was grounded in the same principles, this paper finalises the name DGBL-AA and elaborates on the details of the framework. It articulates the underlying principles that facilitate the framework's generalisation across traditional classroom education, GBL, DGBL, and life scenarios, typically phenomena seen in sports. The paper identifies the primary challenges in DGBL and sets specific goals for the framework to address these issues. The experiments and the Frogs game, developed specifically for this study, illustrate the framework's adaptability and offer insights into its potential for widespread implementation. This study evaluates the framework's impact on learning outcomes and student engagement. Our findings suggest that the framework significantly enhances the educational experience, as evidenced by quantitative and qualitative data from the experiments. The experimental group demonstrated higher engagement and better performance compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the competition and collaboration modes of the Frogs game. Future research directions include developing additional games with various progress visualisations to further assess the framework's efficacy. We also aim to explore the long-term effects of the framework on student achievement and motivation. Eventually, a virtual world that allows people to observe and motivate their learning could be created. This could involve implementing the framework in different subjects, age groups, and educational settings to validate its versatility and robustness.