bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Performance Nanomaterial’s in Air Filtration and Purification
Authors: Amba Prasad
Published: September 2024

Industrialization and urbanization are amongst the major sources of air pollution. Though high-performance nanomaterials offer compelling advances for air filtration and purification. In this work, several nanomaterials were tested for their ability to remove particulates (PM2.5 and PM10) and VOCs, while evaluating the wear and tear of each material. Pressure had no effect on PM2.5 capture efficiency which was 80% using activated carbon, while carbon nanotubes were more efficient in PM10 capture despite greater pressure drop. Graphene oxide was very effective in the abatement of volatile organic compounds, which was not the case for titanium dioxide which performed as good as activated carbon in the capture of PM2.5 particles but with a pressure drop of the same magnitude. Silver nanoparticles were the most effective in a percent capture of PM10 particles at low pressure drop. Yeoman’s zinc was effective in re-absorbing volatile organic compounds from the dust. The PEI-coated and electro spun nanofibers are capable of capturing PM2.5 and PM10 particles respectively, and at relatively low-pressure reductions. Results from durability studies demonstrated that TiO2 and silver nanoparticles exhibited superior efficiency retention throughout numerous cycles, but PEI-coated nanofibers saw substantial efficiency degradation
Conceptual Nanotechnology for Desalination and Water Purification
Authors: Amba Prasad
Published: September 2024

Due to climate change, industrial growth, and a surge in population, the fact that overshadows is that the world is almost running out of the very basic necessity of life, i.e., water. While this demand for clean water is increasing day by day, it becomes highly important to creatively solve this problem. Opportunities beginning from nanotechnology in water purification and desalination pose innovations that are so dramatic they are well placed to change how this finite resource can be handled. This work explores the possibility and mechanisms of advanced nanomaterials for water treatment applications. It involves advanced MOFs, GO, and CNTs with some astonishing properties: for example, CNTs have shown remarkable efficiency up to 99.8% in the removal of heavy metals such as Pb and Hg and pollutants, whereas MOFs exhibit 99.5% efficiency in drug removal. CNTs showed high water flow of about 30 L/m²•h in desalination, with 99.5% rejection of salt. GO and MOFs give somewhat higher salt rejection rates: 99.6% and 99.7%, respectively. However, they did so at slightly higher energy consumption over the course of. These results would mean that the nanomaterials are doing better than conventional techniques in terms of energy consumption and efficiency. However, barriers remain that block the transfer of laboratory success to practical realization. Many more studies should be conducted to remove current concerns about the long-term durability, environmental impact, and scalability of these materials. Despite all these challenges, though, there's every reason to believe that nanotechnology holds a long-term solution for the problem of water scarcity, and we have good reason for optimism that clean water can be sustained for future generations.
Analysis Coldplay Jakarta Concert: Fear Of Missing Out (Fomo) Phenomenon On Tiktok Platform
Authors: Imam Ahmad Khoiril , Umayyah Avissa Abli , Siswoyo Mukarto , Lestari Aghnia Dian
Published: September 2024

The era of globalization and advances in information technology have changed people's consumptive behavior in entertainment and music. Music is an important component in everyday life as a medium of self-expression. Research (Qadri, 2008),  (Asriyani, 2019) , and Raharjo (2018) highlights the importance of music concerts in maintaining cultural heritage and enculturation, as well as strengthening audience bonds with modern and popular attitudes while maintaining authenticity. The objective of this research is to identify and analyze how the phenomenon of Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) related to the Coldplay concert in Jakarta is presented and disseminated through the TikTok platform. Additionally, this study aims to explore the role of TikTok as a social media platform in triggering and amplifying feelings of FoMO among users in this context. Furthermore, the research seeks to assess the impact of TikTok content about the Coldplay concert on user behavior, identify the demographic groups most vulnerable to FoMO through TikTok usage, and determine the influencing factors. This theory, developed by Katz and Gurevitch, was used from a concert-goer perspective, specifically the phenomenon of TikTok fear of missing out on the Coldplay concert in Jakarta. This research recorded details and collected data from five informants aged 20-29 who are fans of music concerts and Coldplay, using purposive sampling method. The interviews revealed that FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) plays an important role in individuals' motivation to follow music trends and entertainment events. FoMO negatively impacts mental and emotional health, as well as finances, and leading to consumptive behavior.
Patogenicidad de Pectobacterium chrysanthemi en Solanum tuberosum y PCR del espaciador transcrito interno (ITS) del ADNr 16S/23S en aislados de Musa sp. del norte del Perú
Authors: Maldonado Duque Edgar Abraham , Vigíl-Correa Angélica María , Zurita Chinguel Lesly Gianela , Torres de León Maria Dorothy , Mendoza Rendón Roberto , Saavedra-Rios Cindy Yuriko , Villar Guevara Irwin David , Cubas Zúñiga Carlos Enrique , Peña Zarate Merli Clarita , Vilchez Estrada Karol Noemi , Ruiz Polo Archi Alejandro
Published: September 2024

Pectobacterium chrysanthemi is the causative agent of soft rot that commonly affects organic banana crops around the planet. Current phytosanitary control policies are based on the symptoms caused by the disease. However, since there are other species that cause similar symptoms, pathogenicity tests are used to which biochemical tests must be added to identify the bacteria, dispensing with molecular tests that, in contrast, would allow obtaining more specific results and in less time. time. This article presents an alternative methodology for the rapid and specific diagnosis of soft rot caused by Pectobacterium chrysanthemi in organic banana crops in Peru. Detection by virulence of the bacteria in host tissue of Solanum tuberosum and PCR of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the 16S/23S rDNA allows timely management of the disease. The results demonstrate that in the complex between the pathogenicity test and the ITS-16S/23S PCR assay it is possible to detect Pectobacterium chrysanthemi in a period of 8 days, 3 hours and 15 minutes, demonstrating that this method is more efficient than conventional tests. biochemical tests usually used for the diagnosis of soft rot in Musa sp.
Penyuluhan Kesehatan dan Pemeriksaan Kadar Asam Urat pada Masyarakat di Jungsereh Garut
Authors: Lia Mar’atiningsih  , Sugiah Sugiah  , Muhammad Hadi Sulhan  , Gina Nafsa Mutmaina  , Mamay Mamay  , Astari Nurisani  , Meti Rizki Utari  , N.Ai Erlinawati
Published: September 2024

Hyperuricemia is defined as increased levels of uric acid in the blood, this can result in gout which is characterized by pain and redness in the joints. Currently, increased uric acid levels are often caused by excessive consumption of red meat including offal, being overweight, consuming foods high in cholesterol, and rarely exercising. The purpose of this counseling and examination of uric acid levels is to increase public knowledge about gout and gout screening by conducting uric acid examinations using POCT. The implementation method used is direct delivery of material related to gout, symptoms, and prevention including screening of uric acid examinations using the POCT method.
Hubungan Iklan Rokok Dengan Perilaku Remaja Laki-Laki Di Kelurahan Desa Limbangan Wetan Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Dewi Sulistyoningrum  , Suci Fitriana Pramudya Wardani  , Raden Roro Amanda Resti Naranadiya
Published: September 2024

Background: Smoking is common among adults and teenagers, especially men. This lifestyle is one of the biggest problems facing the world of health because it causes almost 6 million deaths every year. More than 5 million people die from smoking, while 600 thousand people die from exposure to cigarette smoke. Method: This research uses a quantitative research type, analytical approach, cross-sectional study design. The population in this study were male teenagers in Limbangan Wetan Village, Brebes Regency. Sampling used simple random sampling with a total sample of 30 male teenagers. This research was conducted using the interview method and data collection tools, namely questionnaires. Results: Research shows that the most common age of smokers is 18-24 years old (50%), the highest level of education is high school graduation (56.7%), the highest number of types of smokers smoked is 11-20 cigarettes per day ( 36.7%), 20 respondents were exposed to cigarette advertising (66.7%) and 26 people smoked (86.7%). Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between cigarette advertising and the behavior of adolescent boys in the Limbangan Wetan Village Village, Brebes Regency.
Asuhan Kebidanan Komprehensif Pada Ny “ P “ Umur 27 Tahun Di Puskesmas Kairatu Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat Tahun 2023
Authors: Windatania Mayasari  , Santi Aggriani
Published: September 2024

The period of pregnancy, childbirth, perurperium, newborns are circumstances that can threaten the life of the mother and the baby even death. One of the goals is to implement comprehensive obstetric care. Comprehensive midwifery care is the care provided by midwives from pregnancy, delivery, newborn, postpartum and until the mother decide to use birth control aimed at providing services an a continuity of care (COC) basis to prevent complications in pregnancy, childbirth, newborns, postpartum and birth control. The method used is descriptive observational research design with case study approach. The results obtained are comprehensive obstetric care provided ranging prom pregnancy, delivery, puerperium, newborn to normal running birth control acceptors.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Pemberian Susu Formula Pada Bayi 0-6 Bulan Di Puskesmas Tanoh Alas Kabupaten Aceh Tenggara Tahun 2023
Authors: Rohana Fika SKD  , Sri Rezeki  , Damayanty S  , Ade Rachmat Yudiyanto  , Marta Armita Br Silaban
Published: September 2024

Breastfeeding is the process of giving milk to babies or small children with breast milk (ASI) from the mother's breasts. Every effort is made to help mothers achieve success in breastfeeding their babies, which is called lactation management (Sutanto, 2018). Giving formula milk is not recommended for babies aged 0-6 months, because it can increase the risk of illness and even death in babies. UNCIEF states that giving formula milk can increase by 25 times the incidence of death in babies early in life compared to babies who are given exclusive breast milk.               This study used an analytical research design with a cross-sectional study approach, the population in the study was 50 people using Consecutive Sampling sampling, all subjects who came and met the selection criteria, and were included in the study until the required number of subjects was met. The data analysis used is chi square. The results of statistical tests using the Chi Square test obtained a result of 0.004. These results are smaller than the P value (0.05) or 0.004<0.05, meaning that there is a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and formula milk feeding, so the hypothesis in this study can be accepted. The results of statistical tests using the Chi Square test obtained a result of 0.003. These results are smaller than the P value (0.05) or 0.003<0.05, meaning that there is a significant relationship between maternal education and formula milk feeding, so the hypothesis in this study can be accepted. The results of statistical tests using the Chi Square test obtained a result of 0.005. These results are smaller than the P value (0.05) or 0.005 < 0.05, meaning that there is a significant relationship between mother's work and giving formula milk, so the hypothesis in this study can be accepted.       The conclusion is that there is a relationship between maternal education and the provision of formula milk at the Tanoh Alas health center. It is hoped that this research can be used to provide appropriate steps or strategies to encourage the public and health workers to provide exclusive breastfeeding, by minimizing the factors that influence early provision of formula milk.
Hubungan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Dengan Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Pada Bayi Di wilayah Kerja BPM Rosna Am.Keb Pematang Siantar
Authors: Elnur Charismawati Zebua  , Dessy Ratna Sari Sembiring  , Labora Br Manurung  , Marta Armita Br Silaban
Published: September 2024

Background: Breastfeeding is the first, most important and best food in the early life and natural life of a baby. Coverage of exclusive breastfeeding  is still low. Exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by several factors, including the mother's  knowledge and about exclusive breastfeeding.Objective: to find out the mother's relationship with the  mother's knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding.Design: This type of study is an analytical study that uses a cross-sectional design. The main population of this study was mothers with children aged 7-12 months in the working area of ​​Muara Badak Health Center, a total of 120 people, a sample of 92 people. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Chi-square is used to analyze the data.Result: The characteristics of the respondents were mainly 21-30 years old, a total of 64 people (69.6%), 41 people with a high school diploma (44.6%) and a total of 47 people (51.1%) with professions such . like IRT. 64 subjects (69.6%) had poor maternal knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding, while 28 subjects (30.4%) had good knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. 51 mothers did not exclusively breastfeed (55.4%) and 41 mothers (44.6%). In, the association of mother and knowledge with exclusive breastfeeding, p-value: 0.006 andlt;α: 0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted.Conclusion: The relationship of mother and knowledge to exclusive breastfeeding.Proposal: Counseling is needed on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding and proper storage of breast milk workplace.
Asuhan Kebidanan Komprehensif Pada Ny N Umur 22 Tahun Dengan Kekurangan Energi Kronik Di Puskesmas Bumiayu Tahun 2023
Authors: Tyas Andreani  , Endang Susilowati  , Khunelis Khunelis
Published: September 2024

Background: KEK is one of the risk factors for pregnancy causes complications and maternal death. The global maternal mortality rate due to CED is 37%, maternal deaths in Central Java Province in 2020 were 530 cases. The maternal mortality rate in Brebes district is 62 cases. At the Bumiayu Health Center, the maternal mortality rate in 2020 was 2 cases. The aim is to be able to carry out Comprehensive Midwifery Care for Mrs N aged 22 years with Chronic Energy Deficiency at the Bumiayu Community Health Center using Varney's seven-step midwifery management and SOAP Research Method: this research is a qualitative descriptive research with a case study approach. The results: of Comprehensive Midwifery Care for Mrs N were that during pregnancy KEK was found. Delivery was normal and the newborn was found to be underweight. In neonates, boils were found on the legs and the baby's body temperature was high, then appropriate management was carried out so that the problem was resolved. During the postpartum period, the stitched wound was found to be still wet, then ointment was given to solve the problem. Mother uses birth control implant. Conclusion: care has been carried out in accordance with midwifery service standards.
Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Sadari Sebagai Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara Pada Remaja
Authors: Egi Seviana Regitasari  , Mudy Oktiningrum  , Nella Vallen
Published: September 2024

Breast cancer is recognized as the most common cancer that occurs in women, and the second most common malignant tumor, after lung cancer in the category of cancer diseases worldwide (Bonsu &; Ncama, 2018). According to data from the Global Cancer Observatory, in 2020, there were 19.2 million new cancer cases worldwide, including 2.2 million women diagnosed with breast cancer. There were approximately 685,000 women dying from breast cancer in 2020, accounting for about 15.5% of all cancer deaths in the world (Aprianti et al, 2022).
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kenaikan Berat Badan Pada Akseptor KB Suntik 2 Bulan (Gestin F2) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Purwoyoso Semarang
Authors: Yosi Puspitasari  , Tia Nurhanifah  , Kristina Maharani
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Combined injection contraception can be an option for all women of reproductive age who have poor adherence. Most acceptors often complain that after using 2 months of injectable birth control they feel that they have gained weight. Many have switched to other birth control methods because of weight gain.
Objective: to determine the factors that influence weight gain in 2-month injection family planning acceptors (Gestin F2) in the Working Area of the Purwoyoso Health Center, Semarang.
Methods: The research method used was an analytic survey with a cross-sectional approach.
Sample: The population in this study were 45 people who were in the Working Area of the Purwoyoso Health Center Semarang with a sample of 44 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. Data analysis used is Chi-square analysis.
Results: that physical activity had an effect on weight gain, while husband's support, duration of use of family planning, diet, age, history of use of family planning had no significant relationship with weight gain in respondents who accepted the 2-month injection of family planning (Gestin F2) in the Purwoyoso Public Health Center, Semarang.
Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Tenaga Kefarmasian Tentang Penyerahan Obat Keras Tanpa Resep Dokter di Apotek Desa Waimital
Authors: Zidna Di’inina Fakaubun  , Azril Mahulauw  , Dzulfikri Mewar
Published: September 2024

Introduction Hard drugs are drugs that have hard properties and if used carelessly or not according to the rules, can cause dangerous side effects and even poison the body, aggravate the disease, trigger the emergence of other diseases, to cause damage to body organs and death. Hard drugs are drugs that can only be obtained by prescription. Its characteristics are marked with a red round circle with a black border with the letter K in the middle that touches the border. This drug should only be sold in pharmacies and must be prescribed by a doctor at the time of buying it. While Mandatory Pharmacy Drugs (OWA) are some hard drugs that can be submitted without a doctor's prescription, but must be submitted by a Pharmacist at the pharmacy. This research method uses qualitative descriptive research design. What was used was total sampling with the measuring instrument used, namely a questionnaire with the number of samples being 15 respondents who became pharmaceutical personnel at the pharmacy. The results of the study showed that for the variable level of knowledge of pharmaceutical personnel with good categories amounted to 12 respondents with a percentage (80.0%) and enough 3 respondents with a percentage (20.0%), Kesimplant from the results of the level of knowledge of pharmaceutical personnel at pharmacies Waimital Village, Kairatu District, West Seram was good because pharmaceutical personnel knew information about hard drugs without a prescription and it was known that the pharmacist profession and the pharmacist assistant have the same level of understanding.
Hubungan Self Management Dengan Kualitas Hidup Penderita Diabetes Melitus Tipe II Di RS PMI Kota Bogor Pada Tahun 2023
Authors: Novi Haris Susilowati  , Risky Kusuma H  , Susaldi Susaldi
Published: September 2024

The uncontrolled condition of DM patients can cause functional decline in the body which affects the quality of life and causes worsening of the condition. One of the actions to improve the quality of life is self-management. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self-management and quality of life of type II diabetes mellitus patients. This type of research is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. It was found that the number of respondents was 98 people taken using purposive sampling.  Research instruments to measure self-management using the diabetes self management questionnaire (DSMQ), and instruments to measure quality of life using WHOQOL-BREEF's quality of life. Data analysis using chi square and obtained the largest ODS Ratio with a number (2.314) with a P value of 0.070 where there is a relationship between physical activity and quality of life and it can be concluded that there is a relationship between self-management and the quality of life of diabetes mellitus patients with a positive association direction.
Evaluasi Kepuasan Pelayanan Informasi Obat (PIO) Pada Pasien Rawat Jalan BPJS Dan Non-BPJS Di Instalasi Farmasi RSUD Dr. Moewardi
Authors: Sania Ari Rahmawati  , Hanugrah Ardya  , Agnes Prawistya Sari
Published: September 2024

The Drug Information Service is an activity conducted by pharmacists to provide patients with information about medications, including dosage, dosage form, administration route, safety of use, side effects, and drug interactions. This service is crucial for patients, particularly those lacking detailed information about their prescribed medications. This study aimed to assess the level of satisfaction with drug information services among outpatient patients with BPJS and non-BPJS insurance at the Pharmacy Department of Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital. The research adopted a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire with 100 respondents. The findings of the study indicated that across 5 dimensions of satisfaction, the distribution of respondent answers regarding satisfaction with drug information services at the Outpatient Pharmacy of Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital showed the following: reliability dimension 67.85% in the category of fairly satisfied, responsiveness dimension 63.20% in the category of fairly satisfied, assurance dimension 66.33% in the category of fairly satisfied, empathy dimension 68.52% in the category of fairly satisfied, and tangibles dimension 63.7% in the category of fairly satisfied. BPJS prescription type received a satisfaction percentage of 66.20%, while non-BPJS received 64.74%. In conclusion, the overall satisfaction level with drug information services at the Outpatient Pharmacy of Dr. Moewardi Regional Public Hospital could be categorized as fairly satisfied.
Studi Penggunaan Obat pada Pasien Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Rawat Jalan di RS. Aura Syifa Kediri Periode Januari - November 2022
Authors: Fitria Wahyuning Wulan  , Mellinnia Lailla Sari
Published: September 2024

Background: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a pathological condition caused by reflux of contents from the stomach entering the esophagus, with various signs and symptoms involving the esophagus, pharynx, larynx and airway. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) has typical symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. So that the symptoms that appear will interfere with all activities carried out by someone. Objective: This study is to determine the profile picture of drug use in outpatient Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) patients at Aura Syifa Hospital Kediri and to determine the study of drug use in outpatient Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) patients at Aura Syifa Hospital Kediri by analyzing the right indications and right doses. Method: This study is a descriptive observational study with retrospective data collection from patient medical record data. Results: The results of a study on the useof drugs in outpatient gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients at Aura Syifa Hospital Kediri for the period January-November 2022 by analyzing the right indications and correct doses, which were obtained as many as 175 patients. The most GERD patients were women as many as 114 patients and men as many as 61 patients. The most common age for GERD is 56-65 years old and >65 years old. The most widely used drug class is the Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) class with a percentage of 38% and the drug in this class that is often used is lansoprazole with 167 prescriptions. The results of a study on drug use in outpatient gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients at Aura Syifa Hospital Kediri for the period January- November 2022 that meet the rationality of treatment based on the literature of the Indonesian GERD Consensus in 2013 or BNF 2017 or Pharmacotherapy A Pathophysiologic Approach 11th edition in 2020 or Medscape, where the indication is 100% (175 patients) and the right dose is 100% (175 patients).
Efektivitas Konvergensi Program Intervensi Percepatan Penurunan Stunting di Tingkat Keluarga
Authors: Handayani Bekti
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the convergence of intervention programs to accelerate the reduction of stunting at the family level in Serang District, Banten Province. Analytic quantitative design and interviews, with a sample of 150 respondents. Data collection technique with systematic random sampling. Data collection with secondary data, interviews and filling out questionnaires. There were 9 people (6 percent) inaccurate identification of families at risk of stunting (KRS) in the TPPS documents and verification by researchers. Inaccurate identification of families at risk of stunting who were included in the target of the intervention program between the TPPS documents and the researcher's verification was 8 people (5.3 percent). There were 5 people (3.3 percent) inaccurate identification of stunting-risk families who received intervention programs between TPPS documents and researcher verification. Recording and reporting of interventions is not optimal. There is a gap in the convergence of intervention programs due to several factors, namely inadequate quality of human resources, unstable internet network during data collection, limited time for orientation or training so that it is still conceptual, there are still residents who do not have a family card, lack of budget, non-compliant respondents take blood tablets. Not all of the effectiveness of the convergence of intervention programs has conformity in the documents at TPPS and researcher verification.
O futuro do trabalho assalariado segundo a lei geral da acumulação capitalista na perspectiva da nova revolução tecnológica
Authors: Lazzareschi Noêmia , Graglia Marcelo Augusto Vieira
Published: September 2024

Este artigo discute as transformações que vem afetando o mundo do trabalho, e suas perspectivas de futuro, segundo a lei geral da acumulação capitalista, especialmente considerando o contexto da nova revolução tecnológica baseada na expansão da inteligência artificial e de outras tecnologias digitais. Aponta, ainda, os fenômenos do taylorismo/fordismo, as crises que os sucederam, o processo de globalização da economia e as implicações sociais da reestruturação produtiva.
Adis Abeba como modelo de reflexão sobre a Cooperação Sul-Sul e desenvolvimento de uma Cidade Global na África Ocidental
Authors: Martins João Pedro Silveira
Published: September 2024

Este artigo busca compreender como as políticas de cooperação sino-etíopes, enquanto relações Sul-Sul, estão produzindo novas relações de poder descentralizado no Sul Global e produzindo uma cidade global na África. O artigo apresenta a política externa chinesa para a Etiópia e depois faz um estudo de caso breve sobre a construção de uma vanguardia tecnológica, política e econômica da cidade de Adis Abeba como uma forte candidata a ser a próxima Cidade Global Sub-Saariana.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Magnetically Treated Water in the Biocontrol of Nematodes: Experiences in Protected Cultivation Technology
Authors: Rafael Vuelta Lorenzo Daniel , María Más Diego Siannah , Montero Limonta Gerardo , Rizo Mustelier Miriela
Published: September 2024

Cuban agriculture works on a general agroecological pest management scheme, where biological control is of great importance. Traditionally, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been considered as biofertilizers, undervaluing their potential for plant protection. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of AMF as a biological control agent of Meloidogyne incognita in combination with irrigation with magnetically treated water (MTW) in protected cultivation. It was carried out in the Campo Antena protected cultivation unit in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, in the tomato, pepper, cucumber and chard crops. It was determined that AMF inoculation combined with MTW is viable to manage M. incognita populations, in vegetables under protected cultivation conditions, achieving an increase in yields and a decrease in nematode populations. This work supports the results obtained from the selection of promising strains given the type of existing soil. In addition, it provides practical elements that make up a modified methodology for the use of AMF + MTW in the management of nematodes in intensive vegetable production systems under protected cultivation conditions.
Investigating Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infections, Characteristics and Microbiology in Pediatric Patients with Hydrocephalus: A Single-Center Experience in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Mousavi Nejad Seyed Ali , Shafieefar Ali , Pourmoshtagh Hassan
Published: September 2024

Background: This study investigates the epidemiology of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt infections in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus, using data from 39 cases admitted to Loghman Hakim Hospital over a five-year period. Methods: This study was a case series involving a retrospective analysis of medical records, with a focus on demographic characteristics, etiological factors, and clinical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed to explore associations between VP shunt infections and various variables. Results: The study identified a significant association between VP shunt infections and the presence of fever (P < 0.05) as well as the number of white blood cells (WBCs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from the VP shunt (P < 0.01). This association may be explained by the release of cytokines during VP shunt infections, which can lead to the development of fever. Additionally, the stimulation of the immune system in response to the infection may cause an influx of WBCs into the CSF surrounding the VP shunt. Conclusions: This investigation offers valuable insights into the complex dynamics of VP shunt infections in pediatric patients with hydrocephalus. The observed associations between infection, fever, and WBC count enhance our understanding of the immunological responses triggered by VP shunt infections. These findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate these pathways, which could inform targeted interventions in the clinical management of VP shunt infections in pediatric populations.
Identify Affecting Factors on Total Fertility Rate: A Systematic Review
Authors: Borzoiepour Sanaz , Alizadeh Gisoo , Jafary Hasan , Khodayari Zarnaq Rahim
Published: September 2024

Background: The total fertility rate (TFR) is a key indicator of population dynamics and health. It shows the average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime, based on the current fertility rates for different age groups. Various factors affect the TFR, such as social, economic, political, technological, environmental, and health factors. By analyzing these factors and how they influence the TFR, policymakers and planners can design and implement interventions to achieve optimal population and health outcomes. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and ProQuest databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine systematically. We searched for studies from 13 December 2021 - 20 May 2022, without time limits. We included studies that described at least one driver of TFR. We applied the STEEPH framework (social, technology, environmental, economic, political, and health) method to analyze the qualitative data. Results: We included 64 studies from 26 countries. We identified 410 drivers of TFR, and classified 181 drivers into six main categories: Social, technological, environmental, economic, political, and health. The main factors that lower the fertility rate are education, aging, poverty, postponing marriage (social), exposure of women to mass media (technology), type of residence and living in urban areas, road accidents (environmental), income and economic situation (recession and inflation), unemployment, debt, women’s employment (economic), government policies (political), use of anti-fertility drugs (health). The main drivers that raise the fertility rate are having first child girls, women’s proximity to their workplace (social), use of assisted reproductive technology (technology), living in rural areas and natural and unnatural disasters (environmental), improvement in men’s labor market conditions, employment opportunities (economic), increased parental leave (political), high infant mortality (health). Conclusions: We identified a comprehensive list of effective drivers that have increased or decreased TFR in different parts of the world. It is necessary to review these drivers considering the specific conditions and social, cultural, economic, and political coordinates of each country. This review should inform policymakers' actions in this area.
Who Makes Decisions in Hospital? A Scoping Review and Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Zomorrodi Niat Hadi , Yousefi Mehdi , Ebrahimipour Hosein
Published: September 2024

Context: The aim of this study was to identify decision-making issues and key decision-makers within the hospital. Methods: This scoping review was conducted by searching the databases of Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed in January 2024. Additionally, articles related to Newhouse's main article were searched on Google Scholar to identify decision-makers in the hospital and their areas of decision-making. The 37 articles were analyzed using the framework analysis technique with Atlas-ti software. Results: Decision-makers addressed 160 issues, which were identified and categorized into 7 areas: Strategic management, human resource management, financial management, physical resource management, employee compensation payment, service delivery management, and hospital reputation. Additionally, 21 decision-makers were identified and classified into 6 categories: Group of managers, group of physicians, group of nurses, board of directors, government, and political groups. Hospital managers were identified as the primary decision-makers, responsible for making decisions independently in three areas and jointly with the board of directors in one area. Conclusions: It can be concluded that no single decision-maker holds a dominant role in the decision-making process. Several decision-makers exert varying degrees of influence depending on the issue. Among these decision-makers, managers play a more significant role in decision-making than others.
Essential Package of Palliative Care for Iranian Children with Cancer
Authors: Khanali Mojen Leila , Ashrafizadeh Hadis , Beiranvand Samira , Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil , Pourazarhagh Parand , Eshaghian-Dorcheh Azam , Karami Maryam , Rassouli Maryam
Published: September 2024

Background: Despite medical advancements and treatment development, children with cancer experience a wide range of symptoms related to the disease and treatment side effects. Providing palliative care is essential to improve the quality of life for both the child and the family. Given limited available resources, cost-effective service packages can address this need. Objectives: This study aimed to develop an essential palliative care package for children with cancer in Iran. Methods: The study was under Health System Research and employed an exploratory mixed method design in three phases. The initial stage involved two sub-studies including a review of literature and a qualitative study. In the subsequent phases, the package draft was compiled and validated using the Delphi technique with input from 12 experts. Results: The essential palliative care package for children with cancer comprised two main components: INPUT, including dimensions related to medicine, human resources, equipment, and service delivery setting. INTERVENTION, encompasses physical, psychological, social, spiritual symptom management, and growth and development. Conclusions: Customized for Iran's social and cultural context, this essential service package provides safe, efficient, convenient, and affordable care. Physicians and nurses with primary training can integrate it into primary care including home care, emphasizing the importance of palliative care.
Factors Affecting Lung Function in Preschool Children with a History of Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
Authors: Cevik Ismail , Er Ilkay , Gunlemez Ayla
Published: September 2024

Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a common cause of self-limiting respiratory distress in neonates. Increasing data suggest that TTN may be a risk factor for developing childhood wheezing attacks or asthma. Objectives: The aim was to evaluate lung functions in preschool children diagnosed with TTN in the neonatal period using an Impulse Oscillometry System (IOS) to assess the presence of respiratory morbidity and its contributing factors. Methods: In this prospective study, preschool children diagnosed with TTN in the neonatal period and healthy age-matched children were defined as the TTN group and control group, respectively. Impulse Oscillometry System values for resistance (R5-R20), reactance (X5-X20), resonant frequency (Z5), and reactance area (AX) were compared between both groups and within the TTN subgroups. Asthma diagnosis was determined following IOS testing using the Modified Asthma Predictive Index/ International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Results: A total of 52 preschool children and 101 healthy controls participated in the study. R5 minus R20 was significantly higher, and X10 and X15 values were significantly lower in the TTN group compared to the controls. Additionally, higher R values and AX values were observed in TTN subgroups with a history of late preterm birth, noninvasive respiratory support, and maternal asthma. The rates of variable respiratory symptoms and ≥ 4 wheezing attacks in one year were 20.5% and 18%, respectively. By the end of the study, the rate of newly diagnosed asthma in the TTN group was 30.8%. Moreover, R values and Z5 were significantly higher, and X values were significantly lower in the TTN subgroup exposed to passive smoking (PS) compared to the TTN subgroup not exposed. Conclusions: Our study showed that preschool children diagnosed with TTN in the neonatal period may have peripheral airway obstruction, a known characteristic of asthma. In addition to TTN-related factors, exposure to cigarette smoke appears to negatively impact their lung function. These findings suggest that long-term medical care should be provided for these children.
Clinical Phenotypes and Etiological Risk Factors in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Bodur Muhittin , Özmen Abdullah Hakan , Sait Okan Mehmet
Published: September 2024

Background: Cerebral palsy is a motor impairment syndrome that arises from a lesion in the developing brain. The condition varies based on the timing of the lesion, as well as differences in clinical presentation, location, and severity. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the clinical features of patients with cerebral palsy, identify the associated risk factors, and analyze cranial MRI findings in relation to the different types of cerebral palsy. Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated the medical records of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy. Data collected included demographic information, details of potential relevant abnormalities during pregnancy, birth, and the neonatal period, comorbidities, types of cerebral palsy, cranial MRI findings, and classifications of motor impairments. Results: The mean age of the 202 patients with cerebral palsy in the study was 8.02 years, with a male predominance (60.4%). The most common type of cerebral palsy observed was spastic cerebral palsy, accounting for 81.6% of the cases. The most frequent cranial MRI finding was white matter damage of immaturity, present in 36.1% of the patients, while 8.4% of the cases had normal cranial MRI results. Epilepsy was the most common comorbidity, affecting 50.5% of the patients. White matter damage of immaturity was most commonly associated with spastic diparesis, and the identified risk factors for these patients included prematurity, low birth weight, oligohydramnios, multiple pregnancy, and neonatal sepsis/meningitis. Spastic tetraparesis was most frequently linked to miscellaneous MRI findings, with risk factors such as term birth, normal birth weight, polyhydramnios, asphyxia/resuscitation, and a history of neonatal convulsions. Focal infarction/hemorrhage was most often associated with spastic hemiparesis, while basal ganglia-thalamus damage was frequently seen in patients with choreoathetotic and dystonic cerebral palsy. In patients with dystonic cerebral palsy, vaginal delivery and a history of hyperbilirubinemia were identified as common risk factors. Cerebellar damage and malformations were most frequently associated with ataxic cerebral palsy. Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that MRI findings can serve as a valuable guide for identifying different types of cerebral palsy. Additionally, the risk factors, disease severity, and accompanying comorbidities were found to vary according to the specific type of cerebral palsy.
Enhancing Drug Delivery of Glatiramer Acetate Through In Vitro Development of Controlled-Release Nanoliposomes: Investigating Drug Release Kinetics and Cytotoxic Effects
Authors: Farahmand Danial , Mehrabi Mohammad Reza , Eidi Akram
Published: September 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) damages the myelin sheath covering nerve fibers. This condition affects 400,000 individuals in the United States and 2.5 million people globally, with a higher rate of diagnosis in women aged 20 - 40, with a ratio of 2:1. Liposomes facilitate drug dispersion, making them valuable in biomedicine. They enhance the stability of therapeutic medications, improve cellular and tissue absorption, and increase chemical bioactivity at specific locations. This technique delivers encapsulated compounds with high precision while minimizing negative consequences observed in laboratory settings. Objectives: This study aims to develop an optimal nanoliposome formulation using glatiramer acetate (GA) as the active pharmaceutical ingredient by examining drug release and associated adverse effects to achieve the most effective nanoliposomal system. Methods: The thin layer hydration method was used to prepare nanoliposomes. A comprehensive array of analytical techniques, including FE-SEM, FTIR, XRD, HPLC, and DLS, were employed to examine the physicochemical characteristics of the product. Additionally, the biosafety of the nanoliposomes was assessed using the MTT assay on the 1321N1 human astrocytoma cell line. The release profile of GA from the carrier was studied using the dialysis diffusion method, and the stability of the nanoliposomes was also inspected. Results: The size, Polydispersity Index (PDI), and zeta potential of the nanoliposomes were 91.2 ± 1.3 nm, 0.34 ± 0.03, and -27.3 ± 1.2 mV, respectively. The drug entrapment efficiency (DEE%) in nanoliposomes was approximately 70.2 ± 1.7%. The results from XRD and FTIR revealed no chemical interaction between the drug and carrier, and the nanoliposomes were safe for the cultured cell line. The nanoliposomes were stable under storage conditions and exhibited a sustained release profile. Conclusions: Nanoliposomes, as drug carriers, are known to be a potent drug delivery system due to their numerous advantages. Based on the results, GA-nanoliposomes show promise as a strategy for treating MS patients, pending further in vivo experiments and clinical trials.
Upregulated Expression of Janus Kinase Genes in T Cell-Mediated Acute Kidney Allograft Rejection
Authors: Freidoon Mahboobeh , Pour-Reza-Gholi Fatemeh , Assadiasl Sara , Alamdari Azam , Soleimanifar Narjes , Sadr Maryam , Mojtahedi Hanieh , Nicknam Mohammad Hossein
Published: September 2024

Background: T-cell-mediated acute kidney transplant rejection (TCMR) is a post-transplantation complication characterized by the infiltration of immune cells into the tissue and sudden dysfunction of the allograft. To develop effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods, it is crucial to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of TCMR. Janus kinase (JAK) enzymes, which are involved in proinflammatory cytokine signal transduction, may play a role in TCMR. Given the recent development of JAK inhibitors, the role of JAK molecules should be explored to determine whether they could be potential targets for the treatment of TCMR. Objectives: The study aimed to compare the relative expression of JAK-1, JAK-2, and JAK-3 genes between patients diagnosed with TCMR and stable recipients. Methods: The expression of JAK-1, JAK-2, and JAK-3 genes was evaluated in peripheral blood monocytes of 30 patients with TCMR and 30 stable patients using the RT-PCR method. Results: Janus kinase-1 gene expression in TCMR patients was significantly higher compared to stable patients (P-value = 0.02). However, the relative expression of JAK-2 and JAK-3 genes was comparable between the two groups. Additionally, there was a negative correlation between JAK-1 and JAK-3 gene expression and the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the studied population (P-value = 0.01 and 0.029, respectively). Conclusions: Janus kinase-1 gene expression increased significantly during TCMR of the kidney transplant. Therefore, specific inhibition of this molecule by JAK inhibitor drugs might be considered a therapeutic option for treating TCMR.
1999 – 2024, a Quarter Century of the Parr’s Electrophilicity ω Index
Authors: Domingo Luis R.
Published: September 2024

In 1999, Robert G. Parr introduced the electrophilicity w index as a measure of the electronic stabilization of a molecule when it acquires an additional amount of electron density. Numerous theoretical studies over the last 25 years have demonstrated the usefulness of this index in the study of polar reactions. The present MEDT study reinforces the relevance of Parr’s electrophilicity w index as a quantitative measure of the electrophilic character of species involved in a polar reaction.