bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Kvaal’s Age Estimation Method in Maxillary Central Incisor: A CBCT Study
Authors: Patel Harmi , Parikh Shilpa J. , Shah Jigna S.
Published: May 2023

Background: Radiographic dental age estimation methods are viable both for living and deceased people. One such method is the indirect assessment of quantified secondary dentinal deposition through measurements of tooth and pulp. Kvaal, et al., developed a method for chronological age estimation based on pulp size using periapical dental radiographs. There is a need to test this method of age estimation in the Indian population on living individuals not requiring tooth extraction. The current study aimed to assess the applicability of Kvaal’s method in maxillary permanent central incisor using CBCT. Materials and Methods: The study included 185 CBCT images of the individuals, ranging in age from 14 to 64 years. CBCT images were evaluated for the maxillary central incisor and metric measurements were taken from which ratios were derived. Using the ratios, a linear regression equation was derived, from which the age of an individual was predicted. Result and Conclusion: The correlation between the individual ratio and the chronological age was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The age of the individual was predicted using a linear regression equation with a SEE ranging from 10.05 to 12.78 years. When the samples were divided into various age groups, the Standard Error of Estimate has drastically reduced. The radiographic pulpal morphometric analysis used in present study can be recommended to assess the age of an adult for forensic purposes.
DNA Fingerprinting: A Revolution in the Field of Forensic Sciences
Authors: Pawar Rasika , Gosavi Prarthana , Palaskar Sangeeta , Pachpande Himali
Published: May 2023

DNA profiling, commonly called DNA fingerprinting or DNA testing, has a wide range of uses, including assisting in criminal cases and wildlife conservation. The firm tissues of the teeth are resistant to external events such as decomposition, bruise, and incineration. Pulp tissue provides a rich DNA source. The review focuses on the various DNA Collection Procedures, the different techniques employed in DNA isolation and amplification. There are a numerous DNA Profiling or Typing systems such as Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, Y chromosome analysis, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) typing , Short Tandem Repeat (STR) typing, Gender typing, X-chromosome STR Typing. DNA fingerprinting has been applied to solve many cases. Although present DNA analysis techniques are fairly specialized, several upcoming simplifications may increase their simplicity of use.
Dermatoglyphic Study: A Diagnostic Tool for Predicting Oral Submucous Fibrosis
Authors: Lalwani Hemanya , Suryvanshi Akanksha , Patel Twinkal , Patel Purv , Kansara Vatsal , Patel Megha
Published: May 2023

Aim: The aim of the study was to observe and compare the dermatoglyphics patterns in betel nut chewers with and without oral submucous fibrosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among patients of either gender visiting the outpatient Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, of Ahmedabad Dental College and Hospital. A sample size of 100 subjects was decided and was divided into three groups: Group 1: 50 subjects with habit of eating betel nuts and OSMF. Group 2: 25 subjects with habit of eating betel nuts without OSMF. Group 3: 25 subjects without a habit of betel nuts chewing and not having OSMF. The ink was uniformly applied over the fingers by using a stamp pad. Prints of fingertips were taken. Results: On comparing the dermatoglyphic patterns with subjects of groups 1, 2 and 3, OSMF subjects had an increase in simple whorl patterns and a decrease in arch patterns, and subjects with a habit of betel nut chewing without OSMF had an increase in ulnar and radial loop patterns. Conclusion: The present study was undertaken to observe and compare the dermatoglyphic patterns in betel nut chewers with and without oral submucous fibrosis. On digit vise comparison of the finger ridge patterns of both hands, the middle finger and ring finger of the right hand showed statistically significant p values. Thus, with the help of these parameters, gutkha chewers likely to develop OSMF can be detected earlier and the cost burden associated with genetic cytomarkers may also be prevented.
Measuring Cyber Security Awareness: A Comparison between Computer Science and Media Science Students
Authors: Huraj Ladislav , Lengyelfalusy Tomáš , Lajčin Daniel , Hurajová Anna
Published: May 2023

Internet users who behave carelessly or badly increase the possibility of a security attack on the information systems they use. Although the technical security of devices is constantly improving, the human factor still represents a significant vulnerability in the system. Awareness of user misbehavior in cybersecurity allows sufficient security countermeasures to be taken. This study examines level of attitudes and awareness of university students towards cyber security. Based on quantitative research, the survey contrasts the attitudes of students in two disciplines - Computer Science and Media Studies - on a sample of 570 students. The results collected from the statistical analysis show similarities and differences in the responses of students in the two disciplines.
A Rare Cause of Unexplained Left Flank Pain: Nutcracker Syndrome
Authors: KABA Ayşe , KABA Esat , ARDIÇ Cüneyt
Published: May 2023

Nutcracker syndrome refers to the compression of the left renal vein, usually between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Flank pain is the most common complaint and hematuria can be seen among the laboratory findings. This syndrome, which is more common in women with low body mass index, can be difficult to diagnose.

A 41-year-old female patient with persistent left flank pain was admitted to our family medicine outpatient clinic. There was no finding that could explain the pain in the patient, who did not have any features in his history, despite many polyclinic applications. Computed tomography requested in our family medicine outpatient clinic revealed that the left renal vein was compressed between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, and the patient was diagnosed with nutcracker syndrome.

Nutcracker syndrome is an exclusion diagnosis that should be considered in patients who present with atypical left flank pain that is difficult to diagnose.

In the treatment, depending on the severity of the symptoms, a wide range of methods are applied, from conservative treatment to endovascular stenting and surgical treatment.
Shoulder Ultrasonography: Common Findings
Authors: Lee Kyung-Ann
Published: May 2023

Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in clinical practice. Ultrasonography is a useful method for the diagnosis of various shoulder diseases and injuries. This article presents the ultrasonographic features of common shoulder conditions, including those affecting the rotator cuff, long head of the biceps, subacromial-subdeltoid bursa, and glenohumeral and acromioclavicular joints.
Estruturação de planos de aula com princípios do desenho universal para a aprendizagem (DUA): contribuição para a educação inclusiva
Authors: Mendoza Babette , Gonçalves Adriana
Published: May 2023

Este artigo apresenta uma discussão teórica sobre planejar e desenvolver um modelo de plano de aula baseado em princípios e diretrizes do desenho universal para a aprendizagem (DUA), do inglês universal design for learning (UDL), abordagem educacional que pretende eliminar as barreiras à aprendizagem de todos os alunos. A problematização partiu da dúvida se seria possível a um professor, tendo acesso às orientações sobre os princípios do DUA contidos no framework UDL do Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST), aplicá-las com sucesso. O framework UDL é considerado, pelo CAST, uma ferramenta completa para a implementação do DUA, pois oferece um conjunto de orientações e sugestões práticas que podem ser aplicadas a qualquer temática com a finalidade de garantir que todos os alunos tenham acesso a oportunidades de aprendizagem. Estudou-se o conteúdo do framework com o propósito de criar um plano de aula detalhado, configurando-se em pesquisa de caráter teórico-prático, que pôde produzir respostas à problematização inicial, aplicando as orientações como instrumento para analisar sua viabilidade. A partir do resultado da aplicação do framework sugere-se seu uso como recurso instrucional para apoiar formações iniciais e continuadas de professores sobre DUA.
The Effect of Biochar Applied Alone and in Combination with Mineral and Organic Fertilisers on the Yield of White Cabbage and Soil Properties
Authors: Jakop Manfred , Belšak Nataša , Rihter Erik , Cenčič Predikaka Tjaša , Stajnko Denis , Grobelnik Mlakar Silva
Published: May 2023

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of biochar application on fertile soils in a temperate climate during the first year of application. The field trial was conducted on a nutrient-rich silt loam soil at two experimental sites in north-eastern Slovenia (Biš and Skorba). The effect of biochar applied alone or in combination with compost or mineral fertiliser on soil properties and yield of white cabbage was studied. In addition to the control (C), the soil received five treatments including biochar (B; 1.5 t/ha), compost (CO; 1.5 t/ha), biochar-mixed compost (BCO; 3.0 t/ha), standard mineral fertilisers (NPK; NPK 0.35 t/ha, potassium sulphate 0.25 t/ha and calcium ammonium nitrate 0.25 t/ha) and combined application of half the amountof NPK and BCO (NPK+BCO). The results showed that the applied treatments had no significant influence on the measured soil chemical parameters, except for the amount of total organic carbon, electrical conductivity and pH in Biš and total carbon in Skorba. All investigated parameters (cabbage head weight, head circumference, total and market yield) were higher at the experimental site Skorba. Statistically significant differences were found only at the experimental site Biš, where the treatment influenced all parameters (p < 0.01), except for the head circumference of the cabbage. The NPK and NPK+BCO treatments produced significantly higher total yields (66.7 t/ha and 65.8 t/ha, respectively) and marketable yields (53.2 t/ha and 51.8 t/ha, respectively) compared to the other treatments (41.3-52.6 t/ha and 30.5-42.4 t/ha, respectively). Although the differences between the other treatments were insignificant, a trend of decreasing cabbage yields towards CO > BCO > B was observed. Similar results were also obtained when analysing the average data of the two experimental sites.
Suckling Behaviour of Piglets Affected by Body Weight and Sex
Authors: Dobaj Gomboc Martina , Skok Janko , Škorjanc Dejan , Prevolnik Povše Maja
Published: May 2023

Piglet suckling behaviour has been extensively studied, but surprisingly, there are not many studies that specifically consider body weight and sex in this context. These two basic individual characteristics have been considered more as supporting data but not as main factors. Therefore, the objective of the present research was to examine the effect body weight on suckling behaviour of piglets during lactation separately by sex. The study comprised 14 litters with a total of 158 piglets (85 male, 73 female, litter size 6−15 piglets). Suckling behaviour was described in terms of suckling position (the teat at which the piglet suckled during suckling), suckling territory (the range two outermost suckling positions of the piglet encompasses) and sucklingstability (the tendency to suckle successively at the same position), and was observed in six periods: 0−3, 4−7, 8−10, 11−14, 15−21 and 22−32 days of age. In each period, piglets were also weighed. The udder was divided into three areas: anterior (1st-2nd teat pair), middle (3rd-5th teat pair) and posterior (6th-8th teat pair). Body weight affected suckling behaviour differently in male and female piglets (i.e., all traits in females, suckling stability only in males). The relative body weight of females decreased significantly from the anterior towards the posterior part. Heavy females (but not males) suckled considerably more frequently on the anterior area. Heavier piglets (male and female) established more stable suckling order. Suckling territory of males was quite large, but did not differ among body weight classes. Interestingly, light females visited significantly larger suckling territory than heavy females. The present results fill a gap in the otherwise broad knowledge of pig suckling behaviour, which is of great importance for litter management during lactation, especially when cross-fostering is implemented. In this context, knowledge of the detailed role of sex and body weight is of particular importance because breeders rely mainly on basic body traits when managing litters.
Racismo antinegro y derecho en el Perú: análisis del caso Algendones
Authors: Xavier Pinto Coelho Luana
Published: May 2023

A partir de la teoría crítica de la raza, este texto propone revelar cómo actúan los mecanismos del racismo institucional en las diferentes esferas del Estado a través del estudio en profundidad del caso de Algendones. Utilizando fuentes documentales, pero también entrevistas, el trabajo desarrolla un análisis sociojurídico de una denuncia de discriminación racial en el Perú. La metodología se basa en el storytelling o el relato de la experiencia de la víctima en diferentes partes del proceso. Se parte de la premisa de que el racismo antinegro es un sistema de opresión históricamente construido desde el pasado colonial como un legado de la esclavitud racial. Este legado tiene un impacto en la práctica y teoría jurídica al limitar el alcance de la categoría de lo humano y, por tanto, del sujeto de derecho. Concretamente, se utiliza la categoría de la fungibilidad como elemento de supervivencia de la esclavitud racial que actúa como impedimento para procesar una reivindicación de la dignidad de una mujer negra. Se concluye que el reconocimiento legal del racismo como un fenómeno limitado y restringido a la discriminación racial condiciona el combate contra sus efectos de larga duración. Del mismo modo, las opciones legislativas e institucionales para combatir la discriminación son insuficientes para cuestionar el racismo institucional/estructural existente y, por lo tanto, no promueven cambios o rupturas en las relaciones (raciales) de poder
La conformidad en el proceso penal español: análisis y juicio crítico
Authors: Oliver Calderón Guillermo Ramiro
Published: May 2023

La conformidad es una institución muy antigua en el sistema procesal penal español, pues proviene del siglo XIX. En las últimas décadas ha experimentado un notable incremento en su aplicación como mecanismo de justicia penal negociada a raíz de varias modificaciones en la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal, que se han realizado con la finalidad de introducir en dicha figura más espacio para la negociación e incentivar su utilización. Sin embargo, como efecto no deseado, tales modificaciones han complejizado la ya enrevesada regulación de dicho instituto, lo que dificulta la comprensión de su fisonomía. En este trabajo se examina el estado actual de la conformidad en la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal española. Se revisa su ámbito de aplicación, sus requisitos, su contenido, su tramitación y sus efectos en el procedimiento ordinario, en el procedimiento abreviado y en el enjuiciamiento rápido. Se realiza también un análisis crítico de la conformidad con base en consideraciones efectuadas por la doctrina española a partir de la compleja realidad normativa y de la no siempre consistente práctica del sistema, poniendo de relieve el hecho de que dicha institución genera ciertos riesgos para el imputado, para la víctima y para la sociedad. El trabajo finaliza con unas breves conclusiones.
Consideraciones de política criminal sobre el delito de negociaciones incompatibles con la función pública: una reconstrucción de su ilicitud como puesta en peligro contra la voluntad estatal
Authors: Rusca Bruno
Published: May 2023

A partir de la distinción elaborada por R. A. Duff entre ataques y puestas en peligro como dos categorías diferentes de ilicitud, el trabajo defiende una concepción del delito de negociaciones incompatibles como puesta en peligro en abstracto contra la voluntad estatal. Para ello, se recurre al apoyo de diferentes estudios empíricos, los cuales demuestran que, en situaciones de conflicto de intereses, aunque los agentes no obren con un propósito deliberado de beneficiarse, sus decisiones tienden a privilegiar sus intereses particulares. Además, se argumenta que, conforme a la perspectiva defendida, el alcance del delito debería incluir a intereses y actos de carácter no económico. Cabe aclarar que el trabajo pretende contribuir al desarrollo de una teoría normativa de las negociaciones incompatibles con la función pública que determine cómo debería regularse este delito, independientemente del modo concreto en que cada legislación define a tal comportamiento.
Flaxseed Oil for Omega 3 Fatty Acids Enrichment in Eggs and Performance in Laying Chickens
Authors: Prakash B. , Rao S.V. Rama , Raju M.V.L.N. , Paul S.S. , Kannan A. , Praduman Y. , Santosh P.K.
Published: May 2023

Background: The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on growth, health and immune function for human is well established. Supplementation of various n-3 fatty acids into the diet of laying hens is a nutritional attempt to increase the levels of n-3 PUFA in the eggs. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of flaxseed oil (SFO) as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the fatty acid composition of egg, laying performance and egg stability upon storage in laying hens. Methods: Laying hens of 30-week age (n=168) were selected and randomly distributed into two dietary groups consisting of 14 replicates each having 6 birds in each replicate. Iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric two diets were prepared with and without FSO. Daily recording of eggs, feed intake and egg collection was carried out throughout the experiment. The eggs were subjected for fat extraction and estimation of fatty acid composition. Result: The higher (P less than 0.05) feed intake and lower (P less than 0.05) egg production in groups fed FSO supplemented diet compared to those groups fed control diet. Further, improved (P less than 0.05) feed conversion ratio among the groups fed control diet compared to those groups fed FSO supplemented diet. Eggs contained higher (P less than 0.05) á-linolenic acid, eicosenoic acid, n3 fatty acids in groups fed FSO supplemented diets compared control diet. The stability parameters did not differ by supplementing FSO compared to groups fed control diet. Therefore, it is concluded that FSO can be supplemented up to 6% for feeding of laying hens for producing higher omega 3 fatty acids in eggs. Further, supplementation of 6% FSO did not affect the egg quality parameters upon storing for 21 days at 4°C. Background: The beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids on growth, health and immune function for human is well established. Supplementation of various n-3 fatty acids into the diet of laying hens is a nutritional attempt to increase the levels of n-3 PUFA in the eggs. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of dietary supplementation of flaxseed oil (SFO) as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the fatty acid composition of egg, laying performance and egg stability upon storage in laying hens.
Insecticide Resistance Development and Detoxification Enzyme Activities of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) in Soybean from Kumaon Himalayas
Authors: Joshi Rashmi , Gaur Neeta , Mathpal Sudha
Published: May 2023

Background: Soybean is an important crop of Uttarakhand both in hills as well as in plains and Spodoptera litura is an important pest of soybean in Uttarakhand. Several insecticides have been in use for its management and resistance has been observed against different group of insecticides. Thus, to study the level of infestation and insecticide resistance from soybean fields of hill farmers of Kumaon Himalaya, survey and experiments were conducted. Methods: Survey was conducted and scale of infestation was determined. Chemical and biochemical assay were conducted to study insecticide resistance. For chemical assay IRAC Method No. 7 using insecticides indoxacarb 14.5% SC, chlorantraniliprole 18.5% Sc, fipronil 5% SC, chlorpyriphos 50%+cypermethrin 5% EC and profenofos 40%+cypermethrin 4% EC and for biochemical assay the specific activity of Carboxylesterase, Acetyl choline esterase, Mono-oxygenase and Glutathione-S-transferase was studied. Result: The infestation level from different regions showed the presence of S. litura, ranging from mild to severe infestation. The resistance ratio of different insecticides used ranged from a low to an extremely high resistance level with LC50 ranging from 0.37 µg/ml to 1648.84 µg/ml. The biochemical analysis of carboxylesterase, acetylcholinesterase, monooxygenase and gluthione-s-transferase showed an overproduction of these detoxification enzymes in the resistant population.
Effects Of Semantics Of Pronunciation On Arabic Speech Understanding - An Application Study On Marriage Prohibition In Contemporary Exegeses Of the Holy Qur’an/ آثار دلالات المنطوق في فهم الكلام العربي - دراسة تطبيقية في تحريم النكاح بالرضاع في التفاسير المعاصرة للقرآن الكريم
Authors: Burhan Ahmad S , Nawaya Fehmieh R , Hajji Abdulaziz E , Asaad Ali M
Published: May 2023

The Arabic language is characterized by the diversity of semantics of its words, and the mastery of these semantics is a decisive factor in understanding Arabic speech. The research aimed to show the effect of the semantics of pronunciation in understanding speech. This aim was achieved by conducting an application study that extrapolates the sayings of contemporary interpreters about clauses of the verse of prohibition in Surat An-Nisa, which talk about the banning of marriage because of breastfeeding. This topic was chosen to conduct the application study on it due to its unique advantage: the two semantics of exact pronunciation and the three semantics of the non-explicit pronunciation in one clause of the same verse. A complete extrapolation of the sayings mentioned in the most significant contemporary interpretations of the Holy Qur’an about the understanding of the studied verse was conducted to determine the effect of the semantics of pronunciation in controlling the meanings of the words and to show how these semantics share the express of the desired purpose. Both analytical and critical methods were assumed. The results confirmed the importance of understanding the semantics of pronunciation in interpreting the noble verse. Through this understanding, it was possible to give preference between the sayings of the interpreters. The results also showed differences between the semantics of pronunciation regarding the strength and clarity of their expression. Moreover, they clarified the importance of the context in understanding the semantics and eliciting judgments. Because of the semantics of pronunciation in understanding the meanings of the texts, it is recommended to include them in Arabic language teaching curricula and to train learners on how to use and extract them from texts.
The Role Of Context In Arabic Linguistics: The Story Of Abraham's Performance in Quran
Authors: Abdulqader Attia Abdulhameed
Published: May 2023

This article investigates linguistic variance in narrating the same stories in different locations in the Quran. The research deals with repeating some scenes in the Qur’anic stories in multiple places in the Holy Qur’an, with the difference in the linguistic expression methods of the exact scene in its different locations, as well as the impact of the Qur’anic context on this difference. The study discusses the story of Abraham as a model for practice. The first topic was devoted to the theoretical study that sheds light on some crucial issues related to research. The second topic was devoted to the applied study in two parts. The conclusion presented the most important findings of the investigation, including that the Qur’anic stories do not have repetition in their literal sense. However, the Qur’an gives each place a part of the story according to what the context requires. The scene occurs in more than one location of the Qur’an. Yet, it is narrated in every place in a different linguistic performance in harmony with the Qur’anic context, represented in the present article’s evidence surrounding the Qur’anic story. Study findings help draw the attention of Arabic language learners to an interesting linguistic phenomenon in the Qur’anic levels and the function it serves in the story.
University Students' First Online Exam Experience: Is It Stressful or Joyful?
Authors: ABASLI Konul , YAKUT OZEK Bahar , MAMMADLI Abdulkhalig
Published: May 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine university students’ views on online exams during the pandemic. The study was carried out with the participation of 15 undergraduate students studying at an engineering university in Azerbaijan. Methods: Interpretive phenomenology guided the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. Results: Research findings showed that students experienced various problems in the online exam process. The inability to solve the technical problems encountered during exams and the perception that the instructors did not have sufficient knowledge about the conduct of the online exams made it difficult for the exam process to be carried out effectively. Conclusion: Research results indicated that students who are taking their first online exam bring attention to both the positive and negative aspects of the process and discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of online exams in this context. Implications: It is critical to develop infrastructure and train human resources at this point in order to easily adapt to different crisis situations that may arise in the future that require nontraditional assessment methods.
Determination of Water Content and Piperine Content of Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L.) Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Authors: Mardjan Sutrisno Suro , Surbakti Leonardo
Published: May 2023

Lada hitam merupakan salah satu komoditas rempah yang paling banyak diekspor oleh Indonesia. Kandungan utama lada hitam adalah piperin yang mempengaruhi tingkat kepedasan lada hitam dan dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kualitas lada hitam. Penentuan kandungan kimia lada hitam masih dilakukan dengan cara kimia di laboratorium yang membutuhkan waktu lama untuk mengetahui hasilnya, biaya pengujian yang mahal karena penggunaan alat dan bahan kimia, serta memerlukan penyiapan sampel yang rumit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar air dan kandungan piperine pada lada hitam dengan menggunakan metode NIRS menerapkan metode PLS (Partial Least Square) dan PCR (Principal Component Regression). FT-NIR Spectrometer tipe NIRFlex N-500 dengan rentang panjang gelombang 1000-2500 digunakan untuk mengukur 30 sample bubuk lada hitam. Data spektrum NIRS diproses terlebih dahulu dengan metode normalisasi, SNV, MSC, dan de-Trending, sedangkan metode kalibrasi yang digunakan adalah PLS dan PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendugaan kadar piperin terbaik menggunakan metode PLS dengan data spektrum asli pada faktor 8 (r = 0,87; SEC = 0,42 %; SEP = 0,44 %; CV = 5,79 %; RPD = 1,77 dan konsistensi = 97,46 %), sedangkan pendugaan kadar air lada hitam terbaik diperoleh dengan metode PCR dengan data spektrum menggunakan normalisasi pretreatment pada faktor 15 (r = 0,85; SEC = 0,32 %; SEP = 0,29 %; CV = 2,79 %, RPD = 1,90 dan konsistensi = 108,96 %).
Managing breeder poultry flocks to optimise hatchability and chick health
Authors: van Emous R. A. ,   Wageningen Livestock Research, The Netherlands
Published: May 2023

A relatively small number of broiler breeders produce globally billions of broilers each year. Optimal reproduction and health in the parent stock is therefore of the utmost importance to optimize product quality, welfare and profitability of the poultry meat chain. Appropriate management during the rearing and production phase is essential to produce a high number of fertile eggs and first-grade quality and healthy chickens. Maximum egg hatchability starts with optimal mating behaviour between the males and females and a wide number of management, housing, equipment and health factors affects fertility, hatchability and chick health. Due to the genetic improvements on breeders, continuous adjustment on daily management is necessary to obtain optimal reproduction performance. This chapter describes the effects of mating behaviour, housing, male to female ratio, nutrition, feed restriction, spiking, female and male body weight and feather cover on fertility, hatchability and chick health.
In ovo sexing in poultry chicks
Authors: Förster Anke ,   Agri Advanced Technologies GmbH, Germany, Bartels Thomas ,   Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Germany
Published: May 2023

High laying performance and simultaneous high fattening performance in chicken breeding are mutually exclusive due to negative correlations. Currently, roosters from laying lines can only be raised and marketed economically to a very limited extent. Generally, the majority of male offspring are culled immediately after hatching and marketed as animal feed for carnivorous animals. Several methods of in ovo sex determination have been developed to avoid the routine killing of day-old male chicks. Methods such as hyperspectral imaging and analysis of certain components in the allantoic fluid have successfully followed development to practical application in Europe and are already used in commercial hatcheries. Other techniques of in ovo sex determination, e.g. spectroscopic methods, have the potential to end the culling of day-old male chicks. However, to meet industry requirements regarding precision and speed, full automation of the process is required to make these technologies applicable in hatcheries.
Poultry embryo development and skeletal growth
Authors: Oviedo-Rondón Edgar Orlando ,   North Carolina State University, USA
Published: May 2023

The objective of this chapter is to present scientific evidence indicating the importance of incubation conditions on skeletal development, leg health, and locomotion. The first section will describe embryo bone development in avian species, its regulation, and the interaction effects of the environment. The second portion of the chapter will describe some literature documenting incubation factors' effects on bone development.
In ovo vaccination of chicken eggs
Authors: Williams Christopher J. ,   Consultant, USA
Published: May 2023

This chapter reviews in ovo vaccination of chicken eggs. It first discusses the history and evolution of in ovo vaccination, then goes on to highlight the various interacting factors of in ovo vaccination success. A section on additional interactions and considerations are also provided, focusing specifically on egg candling for viability, chick handling and welfare, labor efficiencies and quality assurance. The chapter concludes by providing an overview of the challenges that need to be overcome in order to develop more efficient vaccines for in ovo use.
Incubator design for poultry eggs: principles and techniques
Authors: Meijerhof Ron ,   Poultry Performance Plus, The Netherlands
Published: May 2023

Incubation is a very delicate process that requires a good control of the environment around the egg. Not meeting the requirements of the embryo will result in a loss of hatchability and chick quality which can influence performance in later life. Key factors are: temperature, position and turning of eggs as well as control of moisture, oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). This chapter reviews how to create the right conditions to meet embryo requirements in a commercial incubator. It also reviews key issues in hatcher design.
Understanding the effects of humidity/air composition on embryo and post-hatch chick development
Authors: Peebles E. David ,   Mississippi State University, USA
Published: May 2023

Incubational conditions influence embryo growth and viability, which subsequently affect egg hatchability. Along with temperature, environmental factors in the incubator that are of primary importance for optimum hatchability and chick quality include humidity and vital gas (carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen (O2)) levels. Because the movements of gases across the eggshell occur by diffusion, avian embryos are dependent on the composition of the surrounding air, with their development and hatching success being dependent on the ambient partial pressures of O2, CO2, and water vapor. The influences of the incubational environment can extend beyond embryonic development into the post-hatch period with ensuing effects on chick survival, quality, and performance. Various studies have been conducted to establish humidity and vital gas levels during incubation that will optimize the embryonic and post-hatch livability and development of poultry. The prospects for the pragmatic commercial use of these incubational regimens, as well as the physiological bases for their observed effects, are explored in this chapter.
Ensuring the Security of a Communication Network through Resilience. Mathematical Modeling
Authors: COPACI Constantin-Alin , COPACI Dorina-Luminiţa
Published: May 2023

Many of the network computing systems used in various organizations are not resilient enough to withstand attacks and failures. The performance of these networks is degraded by failures. Thus, it is important to develop techniques for designing and implementing resilient service-oriented networks that can survive attacks and failures, as well as continue to provide a reasonable level of service. This paper considers the mathematical modeling using graph theory of resilience in service-oriented communication networks. The objective of this paper is to develop the concept of service-oriented resilient system as well as to identify the metrics used to quantify resilience to node and edge failures. Using these metrics, we will choose an appropriate network topology and/or an optimal distribution of services in the network.
A Computer Abusive Access Case Study Solved with Windows Registry Analysis
Authors: PERRONE Pierluigi , SILVESTRE Antonio , TARASCHI Giuseppe
Published: May 2023

This article has the aim to describe a real forensics investigation case. An employee is accused of revealing confidential company information related to a project he was working on using a company computer registered to the company domain. The accused defends himself, insinuating the doubt that it could have been anyone because his office is always open. After the seizure and acquisition of a company hard drive, the investigators want to find some evidences related the Windows system registry. In particular, the analysis will be aimed at identifying what were the energy and standby settings at the time of the seizure and if upon reactivation of the screen, the password was requested and needed to access the system.
Digitalization of Finance: Effect or Cause of Programmed Chaos?
Authors: RÎMNICEANU Ruxandra
Published: May 2023

The actual "permacrisis" marks the five transitions that are unfolding simultaneously: a transition in the planet's climate regime, an energy transition, a geopolitical transition, a technological transition and a demographic transition. In this context, all the risks that are around show us that we are dealing with a programmed chaos that might affect the financial ecosystem, also. In this respect, such to avoid a collapse and to strengthen the banking and financial sector, the European entities appreciate that there it is necessary to strengthen the leadership of the EU in the digital domain by promoting inclusive and sustainable digital policies, serving citizens and businesses. Taking into account that the risks of increased exposure to potential cybercrime, operational resilience failures and data protection and privacy issues could have an important impact, the digital transformation must be in line with EU values - the 2030 policy program entitled "The Path to the Digital Decade" and "The Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles in the E.U.".
Security by Design
Authors: STROE Elena-Denisa
Published: May 2023

The security should be an area that can cover multiple technical disciplines that needs to be focused on customers and to try protecting against different threats. There can be multiple disciplines that can be part of the security and those can be: assurance, anti-tamper and information assurance and cybersecurity. Security must be taken into consideration throughout the entire product lifecycle in order to maximize the protection of a system. The purpose of this article is to highlight design security flaws which should always be considered as part of the design flow for an application or a product. The recommendations can be applied in combination with different methodologies, depending on what the company chooses to use, wheatear it is Agile or Waterfall. Principle of security by design will be tackled within the article.
Open-Source Intelligence - Useful Tools in Data Analysis
Authors: STĂNCIULESCU Adelaida
Published: May 2023

The paper aims to address how open sources, available in the public space, can provide relevant, high-quality information on which organizations (whether public or private) can strengthen their decision-making process. For example: the development of public policies, the development of security policies, law enforcement norms, the adaptation of tax systems to the digital age, the implementation of targeted marketing campaigns, the widespread access to continuing education, with the aim of creating an adapted workforce in the digital age, the business environment can support technology change through a more intense collaboration with authorities, local communities and society as a whole, etc.
Unit Testing and Automate Security Testing
Authors: PRUTEANU Roxana
Published: May 2023

In the current context, technology plays a crucial role in our lives, from the moment we wake up until the end of the day we interact directly or indirectly with this new world. Since it appeared, its purpose has been to come to the aid of humanity, to evolve in an efficient and effective way and with all that, it also represented an open door for people who used technology in an obscure way. The number of cases of cyber-attacks has increased exponentially, from data theft to the integrity of critical sectors (health, transport, energy, financial), every possibility was tried to be exploited, leading to serious consequences. Awareness is the first step towards safety, and further it is important how to use technology in order not to be the target of attacks, but also to stay informed and to become better persons in daily activities. This paper presents an analysis of automated testing for software applications, what it is, how automated testing is divided, the benefits brought by it, as well as unit testing details and some examples. Finally, automatic security testing is discussed, the most emerging web application security risks, suggestions about Android security testing tools and some automation frameworks. The focus is on creating an overview, differentiating between the terms used and exemplifying them.
Dinamika Pembebanan Jaminan Fidusia Terkait Dengan Prinsip Spesialitas
Authors: Manggala Ferdiansyah Putra
Published: May 2023

The principle of specializing fiduciary guarantees in consumer financing agreements is one of the principles that must be fulfilled, in order to provide legal certainty to both fiduciary recipients and fiduciary recipients, particularly regarding the right to ownership of collateral. If the consumer financing agreement is not fulfilled by the principle of specialization, then there is no legal certainty in the agreement. Every object that is burdened with a fiduciary guarantee must be registered at the fiduciary registration office for the birth of the fiduciary guarantee. A new fiduciary guarantee is said to be born if it has been registered so that a fiduciary certificate is issued which has executive power if in the future the debtor defaults. So that the creditor in the settlement of default is not based on a power of attorney but based on a fiduciary certificate which has the same strength as a court decision that has permanent legal force. The methodology used in this study is the normative juridical methodology and the approach used is a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The thinking framework used is descriptive method in this study.

KEYWORDS: Principle, Specialization, Fiduciary
La Ley 15/2022, de 12 de julio, integral para la igualdad de trato y no discriminación. La inclusión de nuevas causas autónomas de prohibición de discriminación
Authors: Grau Pineda Carmen
Published: May 2023

Nueve meses han transcurrido ya desde la aprobación de la Ley 15/2022 y, este mes de marzo, vuelven los ecos de las expectativas que su aprobación generó. Se está en presencia de la primera ley española de derecho antidiscriminatorio que viene a dar cobertura tanto a las discriminaciones que existen como a las que están por venir, una ley que persigue el doble objetivo de prevenir y erradicar cualquier forma de discriminación y de proteger a las víctimas y que, por ello, merece la consideración de ley de garantías, ley general y ley integral.

Tomando como referencia el art. 14 CE y, junto a los seis motivos “clásicos” de discriminación recogidos en la normativa comunitaria -nacimiento, origen racial o étnico, sexo, religión, opinión, cualquier otra condición o circunstancia personal o social-, incorpora expresamente los de edad, orientación o identidad sexual y expresión de género, discapacidad, enfermedad o condición de salud, estado serológico y/o predisposición genética a sufrir patologías y trastornos, lengua y situación socioeconómica. Pretende esta aportación llevar a cabo una primera aproximación a las causas que como más controvertidas se presentan y que, a buen seguro, generarán un extenso y prolijo debate tanto doctrinal como jurisprudencial en el futuro inmediato.
La actualidad del caso Bradwell v. Illinois, decidido por la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos en 1873, con la persistente falta de igualdad en el trabajo de la mujer (separación, segmentación, prohibición) en su ciento cincuenta aniversario
Authors: Vizcaíno Ramos Iván
Published: May 2023

Este trabajo somete a examen la actualidad de las palabras contenidas en una histórica decisión de la Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos de 1873, con ocasión del rechazo de la pretensión de una mujer de ejercer la abogacía, relativas a que las mujeres no resultaban aptas para el ejercicio de muchas profesiones, por causa de «la timidez y la delicadeza naturales y propias que corresponden al sexo femenino». Con ocasión del ciento cincuenta aniversario de la decisión en cuestión, se analiza en qué medida expresiones como la citada, oexpresiones análogas, se han venido repitiendo hasta convertirse en una constante histórica. Y en qué medida, la persistente falta de igualdad de la mujer en el trabajo puede llegar a perpetuarse en el futuro, sobre todo si se siguen catalogando ciertas profesiones u actividades (como la de dirigir una orquesta) como peligrosas, se supone que, sólo para las mujeres, que entonces seguirán necesitando protección.
Medidas y planes de igualdad en las empresas privadas. Marco normativo e interpretación doctrinal y judicial
Authors: Lousada Arochena José Fernando
Published: May 2023

La Ley Orgánica para la igualdad efectiva de mujeres y hombres de 2007 instauró un marco normativo para la negociación colectiva de medidas y planes de igualdad en las empresas privadas. La medida estrella fue la obligación de implementar planes de igualdad en las empresas de 250 o más trabajadores. El Real Decreto-ley 6/2019 reformó la normativa, entre otras razones para ampliar la obligación a las empresas de 50 o más trabajadores. El presente estudio se dirige a analizar el marco normativo actualmente vigente, la aplicación e interpretación que se ha realizado por los tribunales de justicia y una revisión de la doctrina científica.
La Historia de África en España
Authors: Arconada Ledesma Pablo , Cuadrado Bolaños Jara
Published: May 2023

El campo de investigación de la Historia Contemporánea se encuentra, desde hace algunos años, en un proceso de superación de la Historia eurocéntrica, donde el interés por el pasado de otras sociedades ha crecido significativamente. En esa amplitud del campo geográfico de estudio del historiador, el continente africano ocupa un lugar cada vez mayor. En esta investigación pretendemos realizar una breve revisión de las investigaciones relativas a la Historia de África en nuestro país en las últimas décadas. El propósito final es hacer un balance sobre la situación de la Historia y los Estudios Africanos, su claro carácter interdisciplinar y las temáticas analizadas. Para ello se realizará un análisis en tres etapas: los estudios africanos bajo el régimen franquista y la fundación del Instituto de Estudios Africanos (1945-1983); el resurgir de este ámbito de estudio con los denominados “pioneros” desde finales de la década de 1980 y la situación actual con una generación de nuevos investigadores en la última década.
EXAMINING THE DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY IN EAST JAVA
Authors: Kholifah Dewi , Sumarsono Hadi
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Economic development is one of a nation's attempts to achieve social well-being. The poverty line could possibly be utilized to indicate social welfare given there is an adverse relationship between welfare and poverty rates in Indonesia. A citizen is considered to be poor if their earnings are insufficient to cover necessities such food and shelter.
Methods: This research uses the panel data method in 38 districts/cities in East Java Province between 2019 and 2022.
Results: Economic growth, general allocation funds, and health have a negative and substantial impact on the poverty rate of districts and cities in East Java Province.
Conclusion and suggestion: The government is expected to be able to maximize the results of the economic sector in each district or city in East Java, due to a high potential for expanding the economy, in addition to optimizing general allocation funds for public infrastructure and facilities, access to education, health, and infrastructure that stimulates economic activity, and enhance the quality of public health considering good health, of course, leads to economic growth.