bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Rheological Test Method to Determine the Dewatering Kinetics of Suspensions
Authors: Wollny Klaus
Published: May 2019

Rheology plays an important role in dewatering processes. It is therefore interesting to analyze the dewatering process and the rheological behavior of a suspension simultaneously. An exact determination of the immobilization point at the maximum of the loss factor as well as the immobilization time can be attained using an oscillatory time test with preset strain. The degree of dewatering is determined via normal force controlled gap setting. This report offers an insight into the theory of the dewatering of liquid supersaturated suspensions and shows how the kinetics of dewatering can be determined using paper coating as an example.
Rheological properties of suspensions with spherical particles in shear and elongational flows
Authors: Schmidt Michael
Published: May 2019

The rheological behaviour of model suspensions with spherical particles was experimentally investigated in shear an elongational flows. Particular attention was focussed on the main parameters affecting the flow behaviour of suspensions such as particle size distribution, particle size, particle surface, humidity, temperature and viscosity of the matrix fluids. All variables were investigated depending on the pre-shear conditions. In this regard the validity of the time-temperature-superposition and the Trouton-ratio was verified for suspensions with spherical particles.
Non-Newtonian Fluid Flow Analysis with Finite Difference and Finite Volume Numerical Models
Authors: Marn Jure , Delic Marjan , Zunic Zoran
Published: May 2019

Suitability of finite difference method and finite volume method for computation of incompressible non newtonian flow is analyzed. In addition, accuracy of numerical results depending of mesh size is assessed. Both methods are tested for driven cavity and compared to each other, to results from available literature and to results obtained using commercial code CFX 4.3.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation Into Metallocene Polymer Melt Flow in Film Blowing Dies
Authors: Zatloukal M. , Vlcek J. , Slaník A. , Lengálová A. , Simoník J.
Published: May 2019

A frequent problem in the production of metallocene linear low-density polyethylene (mLLDPE) films is the occur-rence of flow instabilities, e.g. sharkskin, or degradation of material, which limit the production rate and decrease the product quality. If such problems arise, the question is what causes these phenomena and how they can be avoided. With the aim of understanding these problems and providing some guidelines for their suppression, rheological measurements together with modelling of these melt flows are often employed. In the present study, flow behaviour of two commercially available mLLDPEs was determined and used for the process simulation. The paper shows that the capillary-rheology data together with 2D finite element method can be used for the prediction of sharkskin phenomenon as well as degradation of mLLDPE melts in film blowing dies. It also reveals that the degradation of the materials in these dies can be quantified through wall shear stress. Finally, the paper describes how these findings can help optimize the flow channel in the film blowing die to avoid the undesirable flow phenomena.
Rheological Properties and Shear Induced Texture Development of Thermotopic Liquid Crystalline Polymer Melts
Authors: Nguyen T.N. , Geiger K. , Fritz H.-G.
Published: May 2019

The flow behavior of two commercial liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), trade name Vectra B 950 and Vectra L 950 supplied by Ticona, was investigated using a capillary rheometer with a special double slit die. The pressure drops in convergent and divergent wedge passage between the two slit sections, which are influenced by the curvature strains in nematic melts, were determined and compared with the pressure drops of a conventional polystyrene (PS) with flexible polymer chains. Furthermore the extensional viscositiy was determined from the pressure drop in convergent wedge passage. The development of the shear induced texture as a function of shear rate was investigated by use of a rapidly coolable double slit die with the same gap design as the double slit die used for viscosity measurement. The structural analysis was performed using polarized light microscopy.
Modeling the Pressure Decay Curve of a Capillary Rheometer
Authors: Warley Russ
Published: May 2019

A mathematical model for the transient pressure response in a capillary rheometer is implemented and validated with experimental data for both a natural rubber compound and a silicone rubber compound. The pressure decay curve after the cessation of motion of the instrument piston is shown to be consistent with the extrapolation of the power law model to shear rates two decades lower than experimentally attainable in the instrument employed. The model is useful for extending the range of the instrument in question by approximating material properties at shear rates lower than attainable in a steady flow experiment.
Characterisation of an Industrial Polymer Melt Through Either Uniaxial Extension or Exponential Shear Data: An Application of the Pom-Pom Model
Authors: Suneel  , Graham Richard S. , McLeish Tom C.B.
Published: May 2019

We present new non-linear data in extension and two different shear histories. These data are used to compare the effectiveness of using exponential shear data and uniaxial extension data to characterise the non-linear response of an industrial LDPE melt with the pom-pom molecular model. We conclude that extension and exponential shear both allow good predictions to be made in simple shear. However, the characterisation spectrum obtained from exponential shear data fails to predict the correct degree of strain hardening at low extension rates. From this study we are able to suggest circumstances under which exponential shear provides a useful characterisation of branched polymer melts.
Rheological Properties of a Natural Estuarine Mud
Authors: Aubry Thierry , Razafinimaro Tolotrahasiina , Jacinto Ricardo Silva , Bassoulet Philippe
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the linear and non-linear rheological properties of estuarine cohesive sediments were investigated. The density of the sediments has been determined by pycnometry. Creep and oscillatory shear measurements have been performed in order to determine i) the transitions in mechanical response to creep and oscillatory shear and ii) the material properties of these natural fluids as a function of their density. For all samples tested, four different rheological transitions have been determined and all material properties have been shown to be satisfactorily fitted by exponential functions of the density.
An Evaluation of Single-Segment Reptation Theories for Linear Entangled Polymeric Systems
Authors: Gigras Piyush G. , Khomami Bamin
Published: May 2019

A short synopsis of the recently proposed reptation models based on the Doi and Edwards’ tube concept is provided. Specifically, a critical examination of a number of theories like the “simplified” Mead-Larson-Doi model, the Öttinger model and the “Double Convection Reptation” model of Marrucci and coworkers has been performed. These models have been chosen due the fact that are computationally tractable as they mimic the chain dynamics in the tube using unconnected portions of the chain in a mean field way. Overall, we find each of these models to be equally competitive barring a few exceptional cases, where it is suspected that certain critical assumptions, made during the formulation of the model could lead to inaccurate predictions under transient or Lagrangian unsteady settings.
Rheological Properties of the Reverse Mesophases of the Pluronic L64/P-Xylene/Water System
Authors: Coppola Luigi , Gabriele Domenico , Nicotera Isabella , Oliviero Cesare
Published: May 2019

The behaviour of reverse micellar solution and reverse hexagonal and lamellar liquid crystal phases in pluronic L64/water/p-xylene ternary system was investigated by rheological techniques. Samples with an increasing water content along the amphiphilic copolymer-lean side of the ternary phase diagram were analysed at different temperatures and a different behaviour was evidenced by both dynamic and steady tests for each considered phase, depending on the morphology of structure (micellar, lamellar, hexagonal phases). It was observed that the reverse micelles size increases with increasing water concentration and decreases with increasing temperature, without any phase transition. On the contrary the normal micelles become anisometric on temperature, showing a transition to a liquid crystalline phase. The observed mechanical spectra of the liquid crystalline phases are typical of hexagonal and lamellar phases according to the literature [1, 2]. A phase transition with temperature was found for both liquid crystalline phase (lamellar and hexagonal) by rheological tests and was confirmed by ocular inspection.
Influence of the Molar Mass Distribution on the Elongational Behaviour of Polymer Solutions in Capillary Breakup
Authors: Plog J. P. , Kulicke W.-M. , Clasen C.
Published: May 2019

Commercially available, blended methylhydroxyethyl celluloses with similar weight-average molar masses but varying molar mass distributions were characterized by different techniques like steady shear flow and uniaxial elongation in capillary breakup experiments. The determined relaxation times t were then correlated with the absolute molar mass distribution acquired via SEC/MALLS/DRI (combined methods of size-exclusion-chromatography, multi angle laser light scattering and differential refractometer). In order to describe the longest relaxation time of the polymers in uniaxial elongation via integral mean values of the molar mass distribution, defined blends of polystyrene standards with varying molar mass distributions were characterized. The obtained data was scaled via different moments of the molecular weight distribution and could be correlated with the results obtained for the methylhydroxyethyl celluloses.
Freezing as a Storage Process for Aqueous Polymer Solutions
Authors: Escudier M. P. , Clement-Evans J. , Poole R. J.
Published: May 2019

There is often a need to perform rheological tests on dilute polymeric liquids at a time long after their initial preparation, for example if a more sensitive or novel method of measuring a material property (such as uniaxial/biaxial extensional viscosity or second normal-stress differences) becomes available. An inexpensive method of storing such fluids which prevents any form of deterioration (e.g. bacteriological) would therefore be of great value. This study explores the potential of freezing as that storage process by investigating whether the freeze-thaw process itself leads to rheological changes. The rheological properties of three polymeric liquids: 0.25 % xanthan gum, 0.125% polyacrylamide and a 0.1 %/0.1 % carboxymethylcellulose / xanthan gum blend commonly used in non-Newtonian fluid flow studies were determined in both shear and oscillation before and after a freeze-thaw process. Within the uncertainty of the rheometer used, the rheological properties of the polymers studied were found to be unaffected by the freeze-thaw process leading to the conclusion that this storage method is indeed a practical possibility.
Rheology Innovation in the Study of Mixing Conditions of Polymer Blends during Chemical Reaction
Authors: Lacoste C. , Choplin L. , Cassagnau P. , Michel A.
Published: May 2019

Polymer melts can be mixed with many monomers, plasticizers, antistatics or foaming additives. Properties of such mixtures can change during blending because of chemical reactions like polymerization or crosslinking. The process may be carried out either in stirred tanks, extruders or in motionless mixers. In this paper we focused on the mixing time and the diffusion time of reagent, plasticizer and polymer thanks to rheological tools, and on the way how rheological properties can be studied during chemical reaction in polymer blending. The concept of rheoreactor and Couette analogy were introduced since we have a reactor on our disposal that can mix solution and measure rheological properties without taking sample. This apparatus appears to be an appreciable tool in complement of internal mixers that are specific to polymer blending. For example, we show the importance of the competition between mixing time and reaction time for reactive systems.
Rheology and stability of self-compacting concrete cement pastes
Authors: Phan T. H. , Chaouche M.
Published: May 2019

The rheological behaviour of a cement paste used in Self-Compacting Concretes (SCC) formulations is compared to that of an “ordinary” cement paste (OC) devoid of organic admixtures. In order to mimic the flow conditions experienced by the cement paste in the inter granular space of concretes, the rheological behaviour is investigated in a squeeze flow geometry. By considering the evolution of the squeeze force for different velocities as a function of the instantaneous distance between the discs, it is found that the behaviors of the two cement pastes are qualitatively different. For the OC pastes, the force decreases with increasing squeeze velocity for any given discs separation, indicating that the material is undergoing fluid-solid separation due to filtration of the fluid phase through the porous media made up by the grains. Such behaviour reflects the very poor flowability of the OC paste. The behaviour of the SCC paste is qualitatively different. Above a certain critical value of the speed Uc, the force is an increasing function of the speed for any given disc separation. Under these flow conditions the rheological behaviour of the material is that of a viscous, although highly non-Newtonian, fluid which corresponds to the flowability conditions of the material. For squeeze speeds smaller than Uc, the rheological behaviour of the SCC paste is similar that of OC, indicating that below this critical velocity the material undergoes solid-fluid separation corresponding then to its non-flowability zone.
The Rheology of Blood Flow in a Branched Arterial System
Authors: Shibeshi Shewaferaw S. , Collins William E.
Published: May 2019

Blood flow rheology is a complex phenomenon. Presently there is no universally agreed upon model to represent the viscous property of blood. However, under the general classification of non-Newtonian models that simulate blood behavior to different degrees of accuracy, there are many variants. The power law, Casson and Carreau models are popular non-Newtonian models and affect hemodynamics quantities under many conditions. In this study, the finite volume method is used to investigate hemodynamics predictions of each of the models. To implement the finite volume method, the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 6.1 is used. In this numerical study the different hemorheological models are found to predict different results of hemodynamics variables which are known to impact the genesis of atherosclerosis and formation of thrombosis. The axial velocity magnitude percentage difference of up to 2 % and radial velocity difference up to 90 % is found at different sections of the T-junction geometry. The size of flow recirculation zones and their associated separation and reattachment point’s locations differ for each model. The wall shear stress also experiences up to 12 % shift in the main tube. A velocity magnitude distribution of the grid cells shows that the Newtonian model is close dynamically to the Casson model while the power law model resembles the Carreau model.
Publication Specific Impact of Articles Published by Rheological Journals
Authors: Kröger Martin
Published: May 2019

The Impact Factor of a journal is a quantitative way of assessing its worth and relevance to the academic community it serves. Many librarians see the ratio between Impact Factor and price as a suitable yardstick by which to measure the value of their collections. In addition, the research assessment exercises which, in many countries, are now being carried out on a more formal basis mean that authors submitting original research must publish it in a journal with the highest perceived worth possible in order to secure future funding, job promotions and peer recognition. It has been suspected [T. Opthof, Cardiovasc. Res. 33 (1997) 1; J. Stegmann, Nature 390 (1990) 550], however, that a particular author’s impact is not much related to the journals in which her/he publishes. As will be demonstrated in this letter, the impact of articles published in rheological journals is largely influenced by criteria such as length of article, number of authors, number of cited references.
Corrosion of copper intrauterine devices: review and recent developments
Authors: Bastidas David M. , Valdez Benjamin , Schorr Michael , Bastidas Jose M.
Published: May 2019

A systematic review of the literature about the corrosion of copper in intrauterine devices (IUDs) was conducted, an important topic of copper application that apparently may not be well known to a broad corrosion audience. Copper IUDs (Cu-IUDs) are one of the most widely used contraceptive methods around the world, particularly in China, India, and Latin America. The contraceptive method is based on the release of copper ions from a Cu-IUD. Copper ions enhance the inflammatory response in the uterine cavity and reach concentrations in the luminal fluids of the genital tract, which are toxic for spermatozoa and embryos. A description is made of the different types of Cu-IUD used, the traditional T-shaped device, copper nanoparticles inside a polymeric matrix, and other shapes. This review aims to discuss the main parameters affecting the efficiency of a Cu-IUD, the contraceptive mechanism, and the shape of the device. The high copper corrosion rate immediately after insertion in the uterus (“burst release”) is discussed, which presents values of the order of up to 296 μg/day, causing side effects such as bleeding and pain, with an exponential decay defining a steady-state plateau after 1–2 months of insertion with values of 40 μg/day for a 200 mm2Cu-IUD. This plateau is maintained over the life span of a Cu-IUD, in which the copper dissolution rate is as low as 2 μg/day for a Cu-IUD with indomethacin keeping up the contraceptive action mechanism, the concentration of copper that needs to be higher than 10−6mol/l.
Efficacy of curcuminoids for reducing postoperative pain after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery: A pilot randomized trial
Authors: Phoolcharoen Natacha , Oranratanaphan Shina , Ariyasriwatana Chai , Worasethsin Pongkasem
Published: May 2019

Background

Curcuminoids, which are substances extracted from turmeric, have been proved to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects along with a good safety profile. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of curcuminoids for reducing postoperative pain in patients who undergo laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.

Methods

From November 2016 to December 2017, participants were randomly assigned, by blocks of four, to the intervention and control arms of the study. Altogether, 60 patients who were to undergo laparoscopic gynecologic surgery at our institution were enrolled. Intraoperative findings were not significantly different between the two groups. One tablet of curcuminoid extract 250 mg was given to patients in the intervention group four times a day on postoperative days 1–3. Pain was evaluated at 24 and 72 h postoperatively using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS).

Results

The median VAS score 24 h after surgery was 3 (1–6) in the intervention group and 4.5 (3–7) in the control group, with the difference reaching statistical significance (p=0.001). The median VAS at 72 h after surgery was 1 (0–2) in the intervention group and 2 (1–5) in the control group (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Curcuminoids may be an effective supplement to reduce pain severity postoperatively following laparoscopic gynecologic surgery.

Trial Registration

TCTR20180215001 www.clinicaltrials.in.th
Determinants for low bone mineral density in pre-school children: a matched case-control study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Ren Yali , Xi Xiaoyan , Hu Dan , Shang Weifeng , Peng Songxu , Fan Linlin , Tu Si , Zhang Hongping , Shen Min , Du Yukai
Published: May 2019

Introduction

Reduced bone mass will increase bone fragility and risk of fractures. Thus, it is better to note its determinants as early as possible.

Objective

This study aimed to find and determine the determinants for low bone mineral density (BMD) in pre-school children.

Methods

Between November 2014 and April 2015, a matched case-control study was performed to detect information on growth and development condition and consumption frequency of products of cases with low BMD and controls with normal BMD. Anthropometric data measurement and blood tests were conducted. Besides, the questionnaires concerning the mentioned information were completed to get relevant determinants. A paired t-test, the McNemar test and univariate and multiple conditional logistic regression models were used to explore the association between these factors and low BMD.

Results

In total, 88 (28 boys, 60 girls) incident cases (4.15 ± 0.78 years) of low BMD and 88 sex- and age-matched (±2 months) controls (4.16 ± 0.80 years) of normal BMD were enrolled. The results of multiple conditional logistic regression analysis indicated that if children had larger chest circumference (odds ratio [OR] = 0.763), longer duration of breastfeeding (OR = 0.899) and lower frequency of eating snacks (OR = 0.439), the risk of low BMD would decrease.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that pre-school children with an association of larger chest circumference, longer duration of breastfeeding and lower frequency of eating snacks could have lower risk for low BMD. Intended measures to strengthen those protective factors could be effective in reducing the cases of low BMD.
Benefits and Outcomes of Library Collections on Scholarly Reading in Finland
Authors: Tenopir Carol , Talja Sanna , Late Elina , Christian Lisa
Published: May 2019

Results of an online survey distributed to faculty, PhD students, and researchers throughout Finland in 2016 show that library resources, journal articles, and books are important parts of scholars’ research and work life. The survey was disseminated through FinELib to heads of libraries, who were then asked to distribute it to their academic staff, researchers, and PhD students. The purpose of this study was to examine the value of readings obtained from library collections. To help answer this question, participants were asked about the amount and value of their reading and where they obtained readings, which allowed comparison of how the value of the library collection differs from other sources. The study found that researchers use many ways to identify and obtain articles, and the library collection is identified as one important source. Scholars use the library’s collection mostly to obtain articles for research and those articles help to inspire new ideas. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of access to scholarly publications for scholars, from the library and elsewhere, such as open access sites and research sharing platforms.
Crystal structure of Bis{1-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]-1-H-1,3-(2-methyl-imidazol)}diiodidocadmium(II), [Cd(C11H11N5)2I2], C22H22N10I2Cd
Authors: Yang Hai-Yan , He Fang , Zhao Yao-Min , Li Hui , Wang Hong-Fang , Li Ying-Hua
Published: May 2019

C22H22N10I2Cd, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.5476(8) Å, b = 11.1759(9) Å, c = 12.7735(10) Å, α = 103.372(7)°, β = 105.811(7)°, γ = 100.270(6)°, V = 1361.85(18) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0324, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0661, T = 291(2) K.
Crystal structure of poly[bis(μ2-bis(4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)amine-κ2
N:N′)-bis(nitrato-κO)cadmium(II)], C36H30CdN12O6
Authors: Wang Boyang , Wang Jian
Published: May 2019

C36H30CdN12O6, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.9673(10) Å, b = 8.6759(9) Å, c = 20.756(2) Å, β = 98.926(7)°, V = 1773.1(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0554, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1561, T = 2932 K.
Procalcitonin as a Predictive Marker for Bacteremia in Children With a Central Line and Fever
Authors: Damman Jennifer , Arias Patricio , Kerner John , Zhang Ke-You , Dehghan Melody , Krishnan Gomathi , Nespor Colleen , Bensen Rachel , Park K.T.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

Unnecessary use of antibiotics is an increasing problem. In this study, we sought to determine the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin in predicting bacteremia in children with a central line and fever, and we sought to determine optimal cutoff values to maximize sensitivity and specificity. This is the largest study to date in which procalcitonin is examined as a predictive marker of bacteremia in pediatric patients with a central line and fever.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 0 to 23 years with a central line and fever of 38°C who had procalcitonin and blood cultures drawn before initiation of antibiotics and had no other identified bacterial infection. Patients were also prospectively monitored via a custom-built electronic medical record dashboard for eligibility.

RESULTS:

There were 523 patients and >2500 procalcitonin values reviewed for eligibility. Of these, 169 (47%) patients and 335 blood cultures with procalcitonin were included. There were 94 (28%) positive bacterial blood cultures and 241 (72%) negative bacterial blood cultures. In bacteremic cultures, the mean procalcitonin level was 9.96 ± 15.96 ng/mL, and the median procalcitonin level was 4.85 ng/mL (interquartile range 18.5). In nonbacteremic cultures, the mean procalcitonin level was 1.23 ± 10.37 ng/mL, and the median procalcitonin level was 0.3 ng/mL (interquartile range 0.7). A receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated a procalcitonin level of ≥0.6 ng/mL as the best cutoff point that produced a sensitivity of 85.6% and a specificity of 65.7% (area under the curve 0.85).

CONCLUSIONS:

Procalcitonin is a sensitive biomarker in predicting bacteremia in children with a central line and fever.
Predictors of Symptom Rebound in Critically Ill Patients With Croup
Authors: Tyler Amy , Anderson Lauren , Moss Angela , Graham Jessica , Dempsey Amanda , Carpenter Todd
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

There are no data to inform the ideal length of in-hospital observation after symptom improvement or to inform the ideal dexamethasone dose in critically ill children with croup. We describe a cohort of critically ill children with croup who rebound (have return of symptom(s) after meeting hospital discharge criteria) and examine the association between the cumulative dexamethasone dose before PICU discharge and both the odds and timing of rebound.

METHODS:

In this single-center retrospective cohort study of subjects 6 months to 13 years of age admitted to the PICU with a primary diagnosis of croup, we employed multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between cumulative pre-PICU discharge dexamethasone dose and rebound. In the model, we controlled for subject age and sex, insurance, season, and history of prematurity, croup, or intubation. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare time to rebound between subjects receiving ≤2 standard (0.6 mg/kg) doses and those receiving >2 standard doses of dexamethasone before PICU discharge.

RESULTS:

Data were analyzed over 69 months (January 2011–October 2016), and 275 unique subjects met inclusion criteria. The median cumulative dose of dexamethasone in the hospital was 1.57 mg/kg (interquartile range 0.98–2.63). Thirty-seven percent (n = 102) of subjects developed rebound croup symptoms after meeting hospital discharge criteria. The median time to rebound was 13.1 hours (interquartile range 6.1–23.7). There was no association between cumulative pre-PICU discharge dexamethasone dose and the odds (odds ratio = 1.00; 95% confidence interval 0.83–1.19; P = .96) or timing of rebound.

CONCLUSIONS:

A clinically significant number of critically ill patients with croup rebounded. Total pre-PICU discharge dexamethasone dose did not predict either the odds or timing of rebound.
Using Stakeholder Engagement to Develop a Hospital-Initiated, Patient-Centered Intervention to Improve Hospital-to-Home Transitions for Children With Asthma
Authors: Parikh Kavita , Hinds Pamela S. , Teach Stephen J.
Published: May 2019

Stakeholder engagement is emerging as a tool for clinician investigators to learn from patients, families, and health professionals to better design and implement interventions that are responsive to patient and family needs and preferences. In this article, we demonstrate that multidisciplinary stakeholder engagement can meaningfully influence intervention design. We present a model of efficient yet substantive engagement of parents and health professionals in developing a hospital-to-home transition intervention for children hospitalized with asthma. We engaged parents during the acute hospitalization with one-on-one interviews, and we used one-on-one interviews and focus groups to engage key health professionals to facilitate meaningful engagement. We worked with a group of selected parent advisory council members (composed of parents of children with asthma) to refine the information gained from the parents and health professionals. We found that multidimensional stakeholder engagement can meaningfully shape intervention development, and we hope that these tools can be used or adapted to other hospital-based quality improvement, education, or research efforts.
Drosera in Ukraine: Ecological, сhorological specifics and phytosozonomical characteristics
Authors: Konishchuk V. V. , Skakalska O. I.
Published: May 2019

The paper presents a chorologically systematized description of all taxa of the Drosera L. genus in Ukraine. We performed an analysis of environmental conditions, phytocoenotic characteristics and found new locations of sundew. We generalized the morphometric parameters and proposed a concept – “leaf roundness index”; and recommended including Drosera rotundifolia, Drosera x obovata in the next edition of the Red Data Book of Ukraine due to the contraction of their habitat and their high degree of vulnerability to unfavourable environmental factors and anthropogenic impact; we reccommend growing Drosera ex-situ on the example of Kremenets Botanical Garden with further repatriation in-situ; proved the efficiency of the proposed methods of farming cultivation. The paper substantiates the complex of phytosozological criteria, measures for protection and reproduction of the endangered species of Drosera genus. We suggested a hypothesis about the independence of the taxon of Drosera x obovata. Despite the fact that Drosera longifolia x D. rotundifolia is generally considered to be sterile hybrid, individuals breed vegetatively, are fertile and retain germinability after germination, and have a clearly specific ecotype, sometimes loci are isolated from parent species. To isolate the Drosera x obovata as a single taxon, additional phylogenetic studies are needed, but as a rare, disappearing taxon it needs protection and background monitoring of populations. The area of greatest phytosozological value for sundews in Ukraine is Western Polissia (Volyn, Rivne regions) (D. longifolia – 31, 20 sites, D. intermedia – 31 and 30 respectively). Drosera longifolia is on average distributed slightly further south in Ukraine than D. intermedia, although both taxa are confined to the humid, boreal zone. D. rotundifolia is most widespread in the humid zone (Polissia, the Carpathians). Despite the presence of Drosera x obovata in the Cheremskyi, Rivnenskyi Nature Reserve, Shatskyi National Nature Park, and several landscape reserves, the taxon is continuing to disappear due to succession, afforestation, water regime change etc.
Compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante de los extractos de la hoja de chirimoya (Annona cherimola Mill)
Authors: Sanchez-Gonzales Gloria , Castro-Rumiche Carlos , Alvarez-Guzman Gary , Flores-Garcia Jorge , Barriga-Sanchez Maritza
Published: May 2019

Después de la cosecha del fruto chirimoya, los árboles liberan enormes cantidades de hojas, las cuales son quemadas por los agricultores. Este trabajo muestra que las hojas pueden ser usadas para nuestro beneficio como antioxidante. Se determinaron los compuestos fenólicos (CF) y la actividad antioxidante (AA) de los extractos de la hoja seca de Annona cherimola Mill en etanol al 70% v/v, agua a 80 °C, y agua subcrítica (AS) a 110, 120 y 130 °C, siguiendo un diseño factorial con el programa Minitab. Los CF se cuantificaron con la metodología de Folin Ciocalteu y la AA con el 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) y con el poder antioxidante reductor del hierro (FRAP). Los resultados indicaron que el tipo de solvente y el tiempo de extracción presentaron un efecto significativo en el contenido de CF y AA de los extractos. Se concluyó que el extracto de hoja de chirimoya es un potencial antioxidante. El extracto de AS a 130 °C presentó el mayor contenido de CF (5,6 g EAG/100 g de hoja seca) y el extracto etanólico presentó mayor AA (0,86 mg equivalente trolox/mg extracto seco; IC50=0,020 mg de extracto seco/mL de extracto de hoja seca y FRAP de 1710,14 μmol equivalente trolox /g de hoja seca) y los extractos obtenidos con AS a menor temperatura presentaron mayores valores de AA.
Functional linguistic variation in Twitter trolling
Authors: Clarke Isobelle
Published: May 2019

Trolling is a multifunctional phenomenon, which varies considerably, not only in terms of the behaviours it displays and the perceptions of those behaviours, but also with respect to the platform and the community in which it resides. From a forensic perspective, trolling also varies in terms of that which is prosecutable to that which is not. Despite trolling being a linguistic act, little is known about how trolling varies linguistically. This article examines the functional linguistic variation within a corpus of Twitter trolling as a step towards distinguishing forensically significant trolling from the rest. The analysis reveals two major dimensions of linguistic variation, namely ‘interactive versus non-interactive’ and ‘challenging versus non-challenging’. This second dimension reflects previous descriptions of trolling behaviours, specifically that they can be hostile and challenging, and that they post content that is not challenging but provocative. While no distinct types of trolling Tweets are found in this corpus, the findings provide a framework for quantifying the degree of a communicative function exhibited by a trolling tweet, which arguably could inform prosecuting decisions.
Principles of Diagnosis and Personalized Treatment of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tsukanov Alexey S. , Shelygin Yury A. , Achkasov Sergey I. , Frolov Sergey A. , Kashnikov Vladimir N. , Kuzminov Alexander M. , Pikunov Dmitry Yu. , Shubin Vitaly P.
Published: May 2019

The most frequent forms of hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes are Lynch syndrome and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). All the patients with suspicion to these syndromes need precise clinical and genetic diagnostics. Affected patients need personalized program of treatment because standard algorithm cannot be considered sufficiently effective. Identification of a pathogenic mutation in a patient indicates the need for DNA diagnostics in his close relatives and only in this case all the carriers of pathogenic germline mutations can be included in the high-risk group. Algorithms of clinical monitoring and operative treatment for mutation carriers were developed in different countries. However, different populations have their own genetic and clinical features. The aim of this work was to highlight the principles of diagnosis and personalized treatment of patients with hereditary colorectal cancer, taking into account international and Russian recommendations.
Oncolytic Viruses As Immunotherapeutic Agents for the Treatment of Malignant Tumors
Authors: Glukhov Alexander I. , Sivokhin Dmitry A. , Seryak Daria A. , Rodionova Tatyana S. , Kamynina Margarita I.
Published: May 2019

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are novel and rapidly developing class of therapeutic agents for combating cancer, which can effectively infect and destroy tumor cells, leaving healthy tissues intact. Many viruses have a natural antitumor activity which causes cytolysis of cancer cells due to direct pathogenic action. Along with non-immunogenic cell death, oncolytic viruses have been shown to be capable of inducing immunogenic cancer cell death (necrosis, pyroptosis, etc.) accompanied by the release of OV-lysed tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Releasing DAMPs and TAAs, in its turn, leads to the activation of adaptive antitumor immunity. In order to further enhance the antitumor immunity, OVs have been armed with immunostimulatory transgenes such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), type I interferons, interleukins (IL-2, 12, 15), costimulatory ligands (CD40, CD80), tumor antigens («prime-boost» vaccination), which further enhances the safety and effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy. Preliminary results of randomized clinical trials of different approaches of oncolytic virotherapies in combination with immunotherapy confirm their high efficacy. However, there are some drawbacks, which necessitates their further study.
Anticoagulant Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Real Practice: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Skirdenko Yuliya P. , Nikolaev Nikolay A. , Livzan Maria А. , Ershov Anton V.
Published: May 2019

In the review of the current literature urgent issues of treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation are analyzed, namely prevention of thrombosis and the use of anticoagulants therapy. The article describes the current possibilities of prevention thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation at high risk. The fact of insufficient use of preventive antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation with high thrombotic risk is demonstrated, which is associated both with incomplete adherence of doctors to the implementation of clinical recommendations, and with low adherence of patients to receiving prescribed anticoagulants. The review of the literature discusses the difficulties of the use of oral anticoagulants, in particular direct action and their high financial burden, and anticoagulants indirect action and instability of their pharmacological effect. The article demonstrates the difficulties of warfarin therapy, such as insufficient adherence to treatment, genetic characteristics of the patient, alimentary and drug interactions. When discussing the issue of insufficient adherence, it is shown that the data on adherence to drug therapy are not homogeneous and do not fully take into account the influence of patient-dependent characteristics. The prospects of developing an individualized algorithm for choosing an anticoagulant for long-term administration for patients with atrial fibrillation from the position of a patient-oriented approach are separately discussed.
Getting Value from Open Educational Repositories
Authors: Topps David , Wirun Corey , Ellaway Rachel
Published: May 2019

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Open Educational Repositories (OERs) have not seen the wide adoption that was predicted when they were introduced. A number of factors contribute to this but in this article, we explore some new tools and mechanisms that will create additional value from their use, for contributors, learners and organizations.
Performer selection in Human Reliability analysis: D numbers approach
Authors: Zhao Jie , Deng Yong
Published: May 2019

Dependence assessment among human errors in human reliability analysis (HRA) is an significant issue. Many previous works discussed the factors influencing the dependence level but failed to discuss how these factors like "similarity of performers" determine the final result. In this paper, the influence of performers on HRA is focused, in addition, a new way of D numbers which is usually used to handle with the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problems is introduced as well to determine the optimal performer. Experimental result demonstrates the validity of proposed methods in choosing the best performers with lowest the conditional human error probability (CHEP) under the same circumstance.
Dancing with Deterrents: Understanding the Role of Abuse-Deterrent Opioid Formulations and Naloxone in Managing Cancer Pain
Authors: Mitchell Megan T.
Published: May 2019

Prescription opioids are commonly prescribed for the relief of many kinds of pain syndromes, including cancer pain. In order to combat the growing rates of abuse and misuse of prescription opioids, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, along with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and multiple pharmaceutical companies, have implemented many risk mitigation strategies. Abuse-deterrent drug delivery technology and more consistent prescribing of the opioid antagonist, naloxone, are two of the mechanisms of reducing harm in patients on chronic opioid therapy. Abuse-deterrent technology is implemented into different commercially available opioid products with the intent of discouraging manipulation of the opioid or making the use of the manipulated opioid less appealing. Use of the opioid antagonist, naloxone, for reversal of intentional or unintentional opioid overdose is a safe and effective means to reduce potential risk in patients who are on opioids for pain management. These mechanisms have multiple advantages and limitations that influence their practical use specifically in patients with cancer pain. Patients with cancer pain have unique therapeutic needs and goals, and their balance of treatment risks and benefits differs from that of other kinds of chronic pain disorders. This article provides an overview of the advantages and limitations of these specific harm-reduction strategies and provides guidance on how to practically utilize them when caring for patients with cancer pain.

Implications for Practice

Treating cancer pain has important and unique considerations compared with other chronic, noncancer pain disorders. The use of risk mitigation strategies for opioid prescribing as promoted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not translate seamlessly to patients with cancer. It is crucial to be wary of the advantages and pitfalls of all risk mitigation strategies related to opioid use in patients with cancer pain. Careful examination of patient-specific risks and benefits should always be considered when implementing pharmacologic treatment and harm-reduction strategies for the management of cancer pain.
Externalidades na agricultura: a pesquisa brasileira sob a perspectiva da RBS (revisão bibliográfica sistemática)
Authors: Kasmin Marco Aurélio , Braun Mirian Beatriz Schneider
Published: May 2019

Toda atividade econômica tem potencial para gerar externalidades, ganhos ou perdas não são incluídas na mensuração feita pelo sistema de preços. Essa falha de mercado, teorizada, inicialmente, pelo economista Arthur Cecil Pigou, discute a má alocação dos recursos, dando vieses a escolha de consumidores e investidores. As atividades agrícolas têm um uma especificidade a mais, são usuárias de bens públicos ou semipúblicos, tendo assim uma maior pluralidade de canais pelos quais difundir parte dos custos de suas atividades. Nesse cenário o texto discute, a partir de uma revisão do “estado da arte” sobre o tema, em termos da pesquisa nacional, em ciências sociais aplicadas como é discutida a questão das externalidades nas atividades agrícolas,. Para tal realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica, usando a base de dados dos periódicos CAPES. Os resultados encontrados apontam para um grande e duradouro debate sobre o uso de defensivos agrícolas e seus efeitos sobre o meio ambiente, e por outro lado pouco foi encontrado sobre o uso de métodos quantitativos ou metodologias específicas para mensurar ou ao menos estimar a amplitude das externalidades.
A baixa fragmentação da produção regional no Brasil: o caso do estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Perin Fernanda Steiner , Martignago Graciella
Published: May 2019

A expansão do comércio internacional deu origem a cadeias globais de valor. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta a posição do estado de Santa Catarina na atual divisão internacional do processo produtivo. O procedimento metodológico adotado utilizou estatísticas de comércio exterior e parte da classificação BEC – Classificação Econômica Ampla (Broad Economic Categories) – da Organização das Nações Unidas. Constatou-se que em 1997 o Estado possuía vantagem comparativa nos estágios mais à jusante da cadeia produtiva. Esta condição foi revertida em 2014, quando houve dificuldade na obtenção de vantagem comparativa pela especialização vertical na maioria dos setores pesquisados. As evidências mostraram que o estado não tem uma inserção competitiva no contexto da nova dinâmica produtiva internacional.
Reflexões Sobre Resiliência Econômica Regional: o cenário pós-desastre de Mariana (MG)
Authors: Silva Fernanda Faria , Silva Jordana Ferreira da , Tupy Igor Santos
Published: May 2019

Em 2015, o rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de Fundão, da mineradora Samarco fez do município de Mariana (MG) o epicentro de uma catástrofe que atingiu várias esferas: econômica, social, ambiental e humana. Este artigo se debruça sobre a literatura de Resiliência Econômica Regional para analisar a capacidade de resiliência econômica de Mariana e dos 34 municípios mineiros também impactados pela tragédia. A hipótese principal é que as características estruturais de localidades dependentes de um setor-chave restringem a sua capacidade de resistir e se recuperar-se economicamente dos choques adversos. Para a análise empírica dos efeitos do rompimento da barragem sobre os municípios afetados, foi utilizado o indicador de resistência econômica proposto por Martin et al. (2016) e o método shift-share para identificar os principais fatores responsáveis pela redução do emprego nestas localidades. Os resultados mostraram que a especialização produtiva e, ainda, o baixo dinamismo dos demais setores são fatores que comprometem a capacidade de recuperação pós-choque. Este trabalho se justifica por contribuir para a definição de políticas de apoio ao desenvolvimento local e indução à diversificação produtiva. As proposições feitas neste artigo apontam para a necessidade de ampliação da capacidade das famílias e empresas diversificarem suas fontes de renda, investirem nas relações sociais, manterem reservas de capital de diferentes tipos e desenvolverem competências de aprendizagem e de adaptação. E para o caso de Mariana, a vantagem competitiva no setor de turismo, a agricultura familiar e uma maior interação entre universidades e empresas podem gerar estratégias na indução da diversificação econômica.