bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rumah Betang Suku Dayak Di Kalimantan Tengah Sebagai Sumber Belajar IPS
Authors: Ramadhani Muhammad Aqiela
Published: April 2023

Rumah panjang atau disebut juga “Betang” merupakan rumah tinggal tradisional masyarakat DayakNgaju, Kalimantan Tengah. Betang mempunyai nilai historis dan sakral merupakan bentukpermukiman awal dan rantai kebudayaan masa lampau, kini dan masa mendatang. Betang merupakancikal bakal proses perkembangan kota-kota di Kalimantan Tengah. Rumah Betang di masa lalu dihunioleh seorang kepala adat bergelar singa (Singga Jalla) yaitu pemimpin yang taat pada adat dan tradisiadat Dayak Ngaju. Nilai yang terkandung dalam rumah betang ini yaitu nilai gotong royong, nilaikekeluargaan, religius, kerja keras, toleransi , musyawarah. Rumah Betang kini sudah mulai punahdan banyak masyarakat dayak yang mulai membangun rumah sendiri. Perubahan ini terjadi karenapengaruh dari kebudayaan asing dan juga kondisi rumah yang tidak mungkin lagi untuk ditinggali.Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan, membaca, sumberinformasi yang berkaitan dengan Rumah Betang sebagai sumber belajar IPS yang dijadikan sebagaiacuan dalam menulis artikel ini. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagai kita seorang guru harusmenjadikan kearifan lokal sebagai sumber dalam belajar IPS agar kebudayaan lokal yang ada didaerahtidak hilang akibat perkembangan zaman.
Types of Cancer: Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Myeloma
Authors: qbal adnan
Published: April 2023

Types of Cancer: Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Leukemia, Lymphoma,and Myeloma
Takhrij Hadis Perintah Taat kepada Rasul
Authors: Supriatna Siti Anggiaty
Published: April 2023

Dalam melakukan sebuah penelitian hadis di perlukan sebuah kajian biasa dikenal dengan Takhrij Hadis atau meteode Takhrij Hadis. Takhrij Hadis adalah sebuah Langkah atau metode untuk mencari sumber atau refrensi asal hadis tersebut diuliskan atau dibukukan lengkap dengan matan dan sanadmya. Takhrij hadis dilakukan bila seseorang atau peneliti hadis menemukan sebuah potongan atau kutipan hadis yang tidak lengkap matannya, tidak disertakan asal sumber hadis berikut serta tidak disertai dengan sanad hadis tersebut. Takhrij Hadis memiliki beberap metode diantaranya metode awal matan, awal sanad, metodel bil lafdzi dan juga metode Maudhu‘I atau tema. Dalam penulisan takhrij hadis ini penulis menggunakan metode bil Lafdzi dengan menggunakan kitab Mu‘jam Al Mufahras lil Alfadzi Hadisin Nabawi karya A.J Winsinhk yang diterjemahkan dalam Bahasa arab oleh Muhammad Fuad ‗Abdul Baqi. Metode bil Lafdzi adalah metode mencari hadis dengan mengambil atau menentukan satu kata dalam matan yang akan dijadikan sebagai kata kunci dalam pencarian hadis dan seumbernya dalam kitab Mu‘jam Al Mufahras lil Alfadzi Hadisin Nabawi, apabila telah ditemukan potongan hadis yang sesuai dan sumber hadisnya dalam kitab Mu‘jam maka Langkah selanjutnya adalah membuka kitab sumber atau Kutub Tis‘ah dengan sesuai kode hadis dan sumber hadis yang ditemukan dalam kitab Mu‘jam.
Nilai Sosial Dalam Pelaksanaan Upacara Mappanretasi Masyarakat Bugis Pagatan Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu
Authors: Dela indah saputri
Published: April 2023

Mappanretasi atau biasa juga disebut dengan upacara memakani laut adalah kebudayaan yang dilakukan masyarakat bugis pagatan kecamatan kusan hilir kabupaten tanah bumbu dilaksanakan setiap tahunnya dibulan April dengan tujuan sebagai rasa syukur kepada tuhan atas hasil laut yang dilimpahkan, Adapun tujuan penulisan artikel ini agar mengetahui pelaksanaan kebudayaan mappanretasi dan nilai sosial didalamnya, metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan membaca berbagai sumber-sumber literatur yang ada, hasil dari penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa upacara mappanretasi merupakan salah satu kebudayaan ditanah bumbu yang mayoritas dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat bugis sebagai ucapan rasa syukur serta nilai sosial yang ada didalamnya.
Justice Denied: Examining the Inequities in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: sian naqvi
Published: April 2023

Justice Denied: Examining the Inequities in the CriminalJustice System
डॉ. आंबेडकरांचे अर्थचिंतन
Authors: BAGDE RAKSHIT MADAN
Published: April 2023

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar is a great thinker, leader, and social reformer who not only changed the lives of millions of untouchables but also shaped India as the largest democratic nation by writing the Indian Constitution. Many of us have Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is known as a social reformer and a person who fought for untouchables in India. But, Babasaheb was a great scholar, who has contributed immeasurably as an economist, sociologist, jurist, educationist, journalist, parliamentarian as well as a social reformer and human rights activist. Dr. Ambedkar was one of the multi-faceted personalities who made remarkable contributions to economics. Ambedkar's ideas have had a significant impact on social movements. In the present paper, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's attempt is made to discuss their immense contribution to economics and also consider its relevance to the present-day Indian economy.
Anyaman Purun Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Kegiatan Ekonomi
Authors: Faturahman Arif
Published: April 2023

Indonesia adalah Negara yang kaya dan terkenal akan kebudayaannya dikarenakan Indonesia adalah Negara kepulauan terbesar didunia. Anyaman adalah salah satu contoh kebudayaan di Indonesia dan salah satu contoh anyaman adalah anyaman purun yang merupakan budaya khas provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, mengapa menjadi budaya khas Kalimantan Selatan dikarenakan banyak banyak tanaman purun tumbuh yang merupakan bahan dasar dari anyaman purun. Sebagai warga Negara yang baik kita wajib melestarian kebudayaan yang merupakan aset terbesar dinegara kita, khususnya budaya yang menjadi kearifan lokal suatu daerah seperti anyaman purun dan salah satu cara melestarikannya yaitu dengan mengajarkan nya disekolah, akan tetapi yang menjadi masalahnya banyak guru yang berpendapat bahwa mengajarkan budaya adalah hal yang sia-sia lebih baik fokos pada mata pelajaran yang diwajibkan seperti Matematika, IPA, IPS, Bahasa Inggris dll, padahal untuk mengajarkan kebudayaan tidak harus sebagai tambahan mata pelajaran disekolah, banyak metode yang dapat digunakan contohnya membuat sebuah budaya menjadi media untuk memahami sebuah materi yang akan diajarkan kepada peserta didik, jadi tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini untuk menjelaskan bagaimana cara menggunakan kebudayaan sebagai media dalam penjelasan materi. Adapun budaya yang dipakai adalah anyman purun dan materi yang dihubungkan yaitu kegiatan ekonomi pada mata pelajaran IPS SMP kelas 7. Penulisan ini menggunakan studi literatur yaitu, dalam pengambilan data menggunakan informasi yang dikumpulkan berupa data dan informasi dari jurnal, internet, maupun buku-buku yang relevan dengan objek yang dikaji secara ilmiah. Inti dari pembahasan artikel ini adalah bagaimana mengajarkan kegiatan ekonomi pada mata pelajaran IPS di SMP kelas 7 dengan menggunakan anyaman purun sebagai media pembelajarannya.
Nilai Sosial Dari Kearifan Lokal Haulan Guru Sekumpul Masyarakat Banjar
Authors: Hariyanto Bambang
Published: April 2023

Abstrak ini membahas tentang nilai sosial dari acara Haulan Guru Sekumpul yang menjadi kearifan lokal Kalimantan Selatan. Acara Haulan Guru Sekumpul merupakan acara masyarakat Banjar sebagai peringatan atas wafatnya seorang tokoh Ulama keagamaan yang sangat dihormati masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan. Dalam acara Haulan Guru Sekumpul terdapat bentuk kegiatan sosial dalam agama islam yang di dalamnya ada kegiatan kerjasama dalam mempersiapkan acara keagaman, selain itu berisi aspek budaya yaitu dilakukan secara turun-temurun. Tujuan artikel ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana ilmu sosial dapat masuk dan berkontribusi dalam acara keagamaan seperti perilaku altruisme atau tindakan sukarela. Metode penilitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah dengan cara studi literatur dengan menelusuri berbagai sumber karya ilmiah yang pernah dibuat seperti tulisan ilmuan dan kutipan mahasiwa seperti di dalam buku, jurnal, tesis dan lain sebagainya. Setelah data dikumpulkan, dilakukan tahap mengupas, membandingkan, meringkas, serta mengumpulkan yang berkaitan dengan pembahasan. Hasil penilitian dalam penulisan artikel menunjukkan bahwa Haulan Guru Sekumpul memiliki nilai sosial di dalamnya seperti bekerja sama, suka membantu, kerukunan dalam masyarakat, menasihati jema’ah, mendo’akan orang lain, dan silaturahmi.
Nilai-Nilai Sosial Pada Tradisi Manopeng Di Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Kamila Maya
Published: April 2023

Tradisi manopeng adalah sebuah upacara adat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat KalimantanSelatan sebagai bentuk penghormatan terhadap orang-orang yang telah meninggal dunia. Tujuan daripenulisan ini yaitu untuk memaknai nilai-nilai sosial yang terkandung dalam tradisi manopeng,mempertahankan tradisi manopeng sebagai salah satu aset budaya, dan penanganan dalam perubahandalam pelaksanaan upacara yang diakibatkan oleh berbagai faktor seperti modernisasi, agama, danbudaya yang berkembang di sekitar masyarakat Dayak Ma'anyan. Metode yang digunakan dalampenulisan ini yaitu studi literatur, seperti jurnal-jurnal penelitian dan sumber lain terkait penelitian.Adapun sumber lain berasal dari buku teks, laporan hasil penelitian. artikel internet dan dokumen dariinstansi terkait. Selain itu, artikel ini dibuat dengan memanfaatkan jurnal ilmiah dan google schoolar.Serta menggunakan kajian pustaka yang dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan sumbe-sumber informasiuntuk dijadikan rujukan dalam penulisan makalah. Hasil dari artikel ini yaitu bahwa terdapat beberapanilai-nilai sosial yang terkandung dalam tradisi manopeng yaitu Menghargai orang yang telahmeninggal dunia, Menjaga hubungan silaturahmi antara keluarga dan kerabat, Mengajarkan nilai-nilaikebersamaan, Memperkuat identitas budaya, Memperkuat identitas budaya, Mengajarkan nilai-nilaikebersihan, dan Mengajarkan nilai-nilai toleransi dan penghormatan terhadap perbedaan agama.
Makna simbolik ritual tiwah suku dayak ngaju sebagai sumber belajar sejarah lokal di Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Hanafi Jamilah bulgariah
Published: April 2023

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan kearifan lokal di Indonesia yaitu "" sebagai sumber ritual tiwah suku dayak ngaju belajar dalam menghadapiera milenial. Era milenial sendiri ditandai mudahnya masyarakat mendapatkan informasi dari berbagai belahan dunia sebagai akibat dari perkembangan teknologi yang begitu pesat. Kondisi ini bukan hanya memberikan kontribusi positif bagi sebuah bangsa atau agregat social tertentu. Namun secara sekaligus ini memberikan dampak (residu). Oleh karenanya sebagi geenerasi penerus estafet kebudayaan maka kita wajib mengenal kebudayaan yang menjadi nilai warisan kebudian dengan kemudian mempertahankannya hingga tidak habis hilang oleh perkembangan zaman. Efektifitas kearifan lokal dalam mengambil peran perkembangan masyarakat disebabkan terutama oleh komunikasi strategis yang disuguhkannya, diantaranya melalui bahasa simbol yang cukup efektif. Kearifan lokal menjadi ciri dari suatu daerah yang perlu dilestarikan dan dijaga keasliannya. Keberlangsungan kearifan lokal di suatu wilayah dilakukan secara turun temurun satu generasi ke generasi berikutnya.
Cancer Prevention: Lifestyle Changes and Screening Tests
Authors: qbal adnan
Published: April 2023

Cancer Prevention: Lifestyle Changes and Screening Tests
Aboveground biomass estimates from UAV LiDAR improved via contextual learning in a Norway spruce forest
Authors: Revenga Jaime , Oehmcke Stefan , Gharun Mana , Sutter Flurin , Trepekli Katerina , Gieseke Fabian , Buchmann Nina , Damm Alexander
Published: April 2023

Forest structure analysis and biomass prediction systems are key tools for advancingforest trait-based ecology and management. Surveys using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAV) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) systems have contributedto this field with increased accuracy in tree phenotyping. Moreover, methods combiningUAV LiDAR surveying and machine learning (ML) have also emerged to enhanceestimates of single tree traits. Here, we utilizeda UAV LiDAR system to survey a Norway spruce forest in Davos, Switzerland, where adetailed field-based inventory served as ground truth data. Our objectives were (i) togain insights into variation and gradients of tree height and (ii)to evaluate whether such insights may prove useful as contextual information toimprove predictions of stem diameter and tree-level biomass. We segmented the pointcloud data scene into individual canopies and treated the LiDAR derived tree height asthe variable of interest.We then used local indicators of spatial association to detect the significant localcontext, and defined tree neighborhoods within the forest. Then,we extracted metricsfromthe neighborhoods and introduced them in a ML regression experiment toevaluate predictions of individual tree diameter.The focus was on comparing performance of tree diameter predictions betweenregression models that either consider neighborhood metrics (i.e. context-awaremodels), or not. Next, AGB was estimated from the tree height derivedfrom theUAV LiDAR survey, the predicted tree diameter and allometry. The benefits ofcontext awareness were assessed in terms of accuracy gained in estimating AGB. Weobtained results of different machine learning methods(i.e. AdaBoost, Lasso and Random Forest) and evaluated these based on nestedcross-validation. We applied this approach to two separate tree data sets within thesame site, one being clustered and continuous, the other discontinuousand scattered in separate sampling plots. In both cases, we found evidence ofenhanced AGB prediction performance in context-aware regressions, where the RMSEwas reduced by 4.0% and by 9.1%, respectively.These findings indicate that gradients in tree heights across the ecosystem may proxyfor local microclimate, edaphic conditions and biotic factors that influence tree growth,which can be leveraged to enhance predictions of AGB. The method proposed is fullynative to UAV LiDAR data.
Perceptions of facial trustworthiness and dominance modulate early neural responses to male facial sexual dimorphism.
Authors: Dixson Barnaby , Moses Eleanor , Pegna Alan J.
Published: April 2023

Sexual selection may have shaped the evolution of cognitive mechanisms to assess dominance and trustworthiness among anonymous conspecifics. We tested the hypothesis that masculine facial morphology and beardedness modulate early P1 and N170 event related potentials (ERP) components using electroencephalography (EEG) during judgments of male facial dominance and trustworthiness. We found that facial hair drove early P100 neural effects while facial masculinity drove N170 during perceptions of dominance. For perceptions of trustworthiness, there was a significant N170 peak for bearded over clean-shaven faces while no significant effects were observed when judging facial masculinity. There were no effects of facial masculinity on ERPs when faces were bearded, supporting previous research demonstrating that facial hair masks sexually dimorphic structural facial traits. Masculine faces augmented dominance and trustworthiness ratings, forced choices, and reaction times over less masculine faces. Likewise, bearded faces enhanced dominance and trustworthiness ratings, forced choices and reaction times over clean-shaven faces. Our findings suggest facial masculinity activates neural responses involved in face processing when judging assertiveness and status seeking involved in same-sex competition, but not socially affiliative attributes prioritised in more communal behaviours. In contrast, facial hair acts as a low-level feature that rapidly communicated dominance and latterly communicated trustworthiness, suggesting a role of competence for facial when assessing male sociosexual attributes.
Scene context automatically drives predictions of object transformations
Authors: Aldegheri Giacomo , Gayet Surya , Peelen Marius
Published: April 2023

As our viewpoint changes, the whole scene around us rotates coherently. This allows us to predict how one part of a scene (e.g., an object) will change by observing other parts (e.g., the scene background). While human object perception is known to be strongly context-dependent, previous research has largely focused on how scene context can disambiguate fixed object properties, such as identity (e.g., a car is easier to recognize on a road than on a beach). It remains an open question whether object representations are updated dynamically based on the surrounding scene context, for example across changes in viewpoint. Here, we tested whether human observers dynamically and automatically predict the appearance of objects based on the orientation of the background scene. In three behavioral experiments (N = 152), we temporarily occluded objects within scenes that rotated. Upon the objects’ reappearance, participants had to perform a perceptual discrimination task, which did not require taking the scene rotation into account. Performance on this orthogonal task strongly depended on whether objects reappeared rotated coherently with the surrounding scene or not. This effect persisted even when a majority of trials violated this real-world contingency between scene and object, showcasing the automaticity of these scene-based predictions. These findings indicate that contextual information plays an important role in predicting object transformations in structured real-world environments.
The re-emergence of the language of thought hypothesis: consequences for the development of the logic of thought
Authors: Cesana-Arlotti Nicolò
Published: April 2023

Quilty-Dunn et al. (Q&P&M) defended the re-emergence of LOTH. My commentary builds up implications for the study of the development of our logical capacities. Empirical support for logically-augmented LOT-systems calls for the investigation of their logical primitives and developmental origin. Furthermore, Q&P&M's characterization of LOT helps the quest for the foundation of logic by dissociating logical cognition from natural language.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and All-Cause Mortality Risk in Adulthood
Authors: D’Arcy-Bewick Sinéad , Turiano Nicholas A , Sutin Angelina , Terracciano Antonio , O'Súilleabháin Páraic S
Published: April 2023

Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with mortality risk in adulthood. It is unclear, however, whether ACEs perpetrated beyond parents may be associated with mortality risk, if the risk is accumulative or plateaus at a certain frequency, whether associations differ dependent on ACE types, whether types interact with one another, or if observed effects differ by sex. Objective: To examine associations between ACEs and mortality risk. Participants and Setting: 6319 participants (age range 25-74 years, mean [SD] 46.91 [12.95] years; 51.6% female) followed from 1995/96 to 2018 as part of the survey of Midlife Development in the United States.Methods: ACE variables were self-reported exposure to 20 ACE types from five categories: physical abuse, emotional abuse, socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse family structure, and poor health at age 16 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate mortality risk.Results: ACEs were accumulatively associated with increased mortality risk in adjusted models (HR = 1.033; p = <.001, 95% CI, 1.014-1.053). The association was linear. Only physical abuse (HR = 1.05; p = .024, 95% CI, 1.01 – 1.10) remained significantly predictive of increased mortality risk adjusting for other types. No interaction by sex or among ACE types was observed. Conclusions: ACEs may be cumulatively associated with increased mortality risk, such that each individual ACE increases risk. Physical abuse may be an important ACE type within a mortality risk context. Individual ACE types warrant further study as each type may have their own differential impact on mortality risk.
A tutorial on causal inference in longitudinal data with time-varying confounding using g-estimation
Authors: Loh Wen Wei , Ren Dongning
Published: April 2023

In psychological research, longitudinal study designs are often used to examine the effects of a naturally observed predictor (i.e., treatment) on an outcome over time. But causal inference of longitudinal data in the presence of time-varying confounding is notoriously challenging. In this tutorial, we introduce g-estimation, a well-established estimation strategy from the causal inference literature. G-estimation is a powerful analytic tool designed to handle time-varying confounding variables affected by treatment. We offer step-by-step guidance on implementing the g-estimation method using standard parametric regression functions familiar to psychological researchers and commonly available in statistical software. To facilitate hands-on usage, we provide software code at each step using the open-source statistical software R. All the R code presented in this tutorial are publicly available online.
Development of the Multi-Dimensional Measure of Online Disinhibition and examination of its validity and reliability
Authors: Ruohan Wen , Miura Asako
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to develop the Multi-Dimensional Measure of Online Disinhibition (MMOD) which has a multi-dimensional perspective on the online disinhibitive psychological states and its related cognitions and to evaluate its validity and reliability. In study 1, 73 items related to online disinhibition were generated from 20 semi-structured interviews. The expression of the items was modified repeatedly according to two preliminary surveys. The results showed that 25 items were screened out as preliminary MMOD. In study 2, 4-factor structure and 3-factor structure were compared according to the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, 3-factor (Unique perspective on online environment, change of alienation cognition and change of relationship cognition) and 12 items of the MMOD was confirmed. Correlation analysis with the prior scales showed that MMOD has good validity.
Personality traits and mediating pathways to mortality risk: A systematic review
Authors: Grogan Christopher S. , Turiano Nicholas A , Habennicht Andrea , McGeehan Máire , O'Súilleabháin Páraic S
Published: April 2023

ObjectivesPersonality traits have been linked with all-cause mortality risk. However, underlying mechanisms linking them are unclear. We sought to systematically review the literature and provide an overview of the potential mechanisms that have been identified. MethodsFive electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Psycharticles) were searched from inception to the 27th of January 2023. From 611 studies initially identified, seven studies met the final inclusion criteria. These seven papers have a combined sample of 60,104 individuals (M = 8,585, SD = 14,600; range 957 – 44094). ResultsSeveral mechanisms were identified. These included, smoking, inflammation biomarkers, blood pressure, and sleep quality. These factors mediated the relation between various personality traits and mortality risk. There was considerable variation in the impact of results across cohorts, even when looking at similar variables and notable differences in methodological approaches and reporting were discussed. ConclusionsFindings indicated a small but growing literature examining important pathways linking personality to future risk of mortality. Several important mediating variables were identified for a number of traits. Interestingly, neuroticism did not appear to have consistent findings in this literature. There was also a high degree of variance in the degree to which mediators accounted for the personality-mortality relation between different populations. While this growing literature is promising with respect to possible avenues for future intervention, much rigorous research is needed.
Random Error can Explain the Illusion of Diversity
Authors: Tannenbaum David
Published: April 2023

Kardosh et al. (2022; PNAS) present data for an “illusion of diversity” in which participants tend to overestimate the prevalence of minority social groups and underestimate the prevalence of majority social groups. I provide data suggesting that these results may arise simply due to random response error.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Brief Emotional Experience Scale (BEES) for Assessing Emotional Wellbeing
Authors: Rogers Shane L. , Hollett Ross C , Mills Brennen , Cruickshank Travis , Nosaka Ken Kazunori , Bhullar Navjot
Published: April 2023

paper withdrawn as it is now obsolete.
Histopathological spectrum of intrathoracic lesions
Authors: Kamath Mridula , Shetty Padma
Published: April 2023

Background: Any suspicious lesion in the chest on radiology needs further workup. Conventional bronchoscopy or CT-guided fine needle aspiration may help in evaluating these suspicious lesions.
Materials and methods: The study was carried out in the pathology department of a tertiary care hospital over a period of 2 years. Clinical details were taken from the records. Samples were processed by routine histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Results: A total of 100 cases were analyzed. Most of the lesions were in the lungs (97%), 2% in the pleura, and 1% in the mediastinum. The most common malignancy was squamous cell carcinoma (29%) followed by adenocarcinoma (24%) and small cell lung carcinoma (9%). The most common benign lesions were tuberculosis (4%), organizing pneumonia (3%), and bronchiectasis (2%).
Conclusions: The present study concludes that histopathological examination gives maximum accuracy in diagnosing a patient with suspicious intrathoracic lesions so that the patient can be started on treatment immediately.
Filarial granuloma presenting as a fibroadenoma
Authors: Shrestha Agya , Karki Samriddhi
Published: April 2023

Filariasis is an infectious disease endemic in Nepal and the Indian subcontinent. However, filariasis of the breast is not very common. We present a case of a 24-year female with a breast nodule diagnosed with filariasis of the lymph node on the breast on histopathological examination. An infectious pathology should always be borne in mind in the endemic region for the timely management of the patient.
Scope of mean neutrophil volume as an indicator of neonatal sepsis
Authors: B E Chaitra , Parthiban Raja , G Shilpa , Krishnappa Indrani , Gowda Impana
Published: April 2023

Background: Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality in developing countries because of its non-specific presentation. Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosing sepsis, but culture results take 48 – 72 hours. Therefore, there is a need for an indicator that could be used as a simple parameter to indicate the possibility of evolving sepsis to the clinician. The efficacy of mean neutrophil volume as an indicator must be evaluated.
Materials and methods: The study aims to evaluate the utility of the mean neutrophil volume in the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Following ethical clearance, the study involved analyzing mean neutrophil volume from peripheral smears of 50 newborns clinically diagnosed with neonatal sepsis. The control group included mean neutrophil volume findings from peripheral smears of normal newborns. Maternal or fetal factors like pregnancy-induced hypertension and birth asphyxia that could cause changes in neutrophils were excluded. The mean neutrophil value was calculated after establishing the mean diameter of 100 neutrophils per case using the National Institutes of Health Image J software.
Results: The average mean neutrophil volume was found to be significantly increased in the sepsis group (181x104fl) than in the control group (739x103fl). A statistically significant difference (p= < 0.0001) in the mean neutrophil volume was observed.
Conclusions: Mean neutrophil volume is a potential indicator to distinguish neonates with and without sepsis and help clinicians in the early diagnosis and management of sepsis.
Role of image guided fine needle aspiration cytology of lung lesions in patients visiting Gandaki Medical College
Authors: Ranabhat Sunita , Poudel Suman , Pun Gita , Awale Anita
Published: April 2023

Background: Computed Tomography guided Fine needle aspiration cytology of lung mass is an effective modality to diagnose lung cancer. Its use has been extended in differentiating lung tumors into various cytomorphological types so that it becomes easier for further treatment. The study is aimed to study the morphological features of various types of lung lesions, correlate with histopathology wherever possible and evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology procedure.
Materials and Methods: It is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Pathology of Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital from April 2018 to December 2020 and 109 cases were included.
Results: In the study, 109 cases were included, female were 61(56%) while males were 48(44%) with an M: F ratio is 1:1.2. The maximum number of cases was seen in the age >70 years (45.9%), mean age being 68.4years. Smoking was seen in 66(60.6%) cases. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 32( 29.4%) was the most common cytological finding followed by adenocarcinoma 20(18.3%). Similarly, SCC was the most common histopathological finding which comprised 30( 53.5%) followed by adenocarcinoma 14(25%). Fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological diagnosis are significantly associated with a p-value <0.001. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology were 76%,80%, and 76.6% respectively.
Conclusions: Computes tomography-guided fine needle aspiration cytology is a relatively safe, inexpensive, and accurate procedure in the diagnosis of different lung lesions for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Parents' Satisfaction with the Facilities in Montessori School at Nawalparasi District
Authors: Gurung Susmita , Adhikari Basanta Pd
Published: April 2023

The primary objective of this study was to analyze the level of parents' satisfaction with the behaviour and roles of office staffs, receptionists, and roles of teachers. This study has applied the quantitative approach along with the survey method. The survey instrument was used to collect two hundred (N =200) data from the parents of Montessori schools in Gaindakot 1 and 2, Nawalpur. Random sampling was used to select the parents of Montessori schools. The results show positive association between the behaviour and roles of office staff, receptionists, and parents, satisfaction.

Similarly, the results show a negative association between the facilities of Montessori schools, the influence of Montessori quality and behaviour and the roles of Montessori teachers. This study has concluded that there was an association between the quality of Montessori education and parental satisfaction. This study's implications would benefit new researchers, scholars, colleges, local government, Montessori schools, school administrators and owners and investors of private schools in Nepal.
Reward and Job Satisfaction: An Evidence from Private Colleges of Nepal
Authors: Mishra Sanjib , Adhikari Basanta Prasad
Published: April 2023

Human resources are the pivot of organizational effectiveness and the most significant asset an organization can hold. Retaining a skilful and well-equipped workforce in an organization is pertinent to an institution's growth and overall performance. Satisfied employees certainly contribute to the organization's competitive advantage over its competitors. The present study investigates the relationship between employees' rewards and job satisfaction in Nepalese private colleges. The instrument used in information gathering was a structured questionnaire.

The study employed a descriptive survey design in gathering data from 400 members of the teaching and non-teaching staff at private colleges. The data were analyzed using percentages, means, and correlation. The results indicate a positive correlation (r = .460) between the reward system and satisfaction. It demonstrates that if there is a change in the reward system by a point, it will bring a change in satisfaction by .460 points. The implications of this study would be beneficial for college educators, young researchers, education leaders, administrators, private college investors, and college teachers to understand the current teachers' retention intention.
Dojrzałość szkolna/ gotowość szkolna – fenomen wciąż kontrowersyjny
Authors: Klus-Stańska Dorota
Published: April 2023

Following the indication formulated by Barbara Wilgocka-Okoń, who passed from measuring a child’s school maturity to postulating school maturity, the article is about the discussion of the concept “school maturity of a child” and the effects of its use in diagnostic procedures. As a construct that is non-obvious as far as a child’s development is considered but used as an important criterion for assessing it from the perspective of an institution such as school, it is a specific psychological-administrative phenomenon. Its use has many proponents and opponents, and each of them evokes different arguments derived from paradigmatically different theoretical and methodological rationalities. In this text, I will indicate some limitations and controversies related to the concept of “school maturity of a child” and the tests derived from it, trying to establish them theoretically, paradigmatically and pointing some potential dangers associated with their use.
Rozwijanie zdolności samodzielnego uczenia się − redefinicja myślenia o gotowości szkolnej dziecka w kontekście kulturowo-historycznej teorii Lwa S. Wygotskiego
Authors: Filipiak Ewa
Published: April 2023

The quality of a child’s start at school is determined by his or her level of school readiness, readiness (sensitivity) to master the basic tools of participation in culture (reading, writing, counting). School readiness procedures usually involve diagnostic tools that focus on completed developmental cycles which provide an indicator of ongoing performance. They focus on what the child already knows and what he or she can do on his or her own. The article discusses the problem of school readiness in the context of Lev S. Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. This perspective introduces a new thread and raises new questions about the old problem of school readiness. It focuses on thinking about school readiness as not being fully developed before starting school. It involves the readiness to responsive learning, developing the ability to learn independently, self-regulation, conscious control, and the ability to follow the teacher’s instructions. Developing school readiness in a sociocultural cultural approach means developing resources and competences for independent and responsible learning. Supporting the development of readiness may also mean equipping the child with tools that allow him or her to understand the school situation, meaning making processes, building relationships with others and developing coping skills and strategies. The diagnosis of readiness understood in this way is focused on the area of the child’s Zone of Proximal Development and exploring the child’s learning potential as well as his or her readiness to follow the teacher’s instructions. Keywords: school readiness, responsive learning, developing independent learning, activity learning, self-regulated learning, Lev S. Vygotsky’s theory, the social situation of development.
Dekonstrukcja pojęcia gotowości szkolnej
Authors: Żytko Małgorzata
Published: April 2023

The article presents a discussion of the notion of school readiness in the context of contemporary theoretical approaches and practical solutions, with a specific reference to the concept of Barbara Wilgocka-Okoń, who initiated research into the category of children’s skills in Poland and presented the evolution of her approach from school maturity to school readiness. The starting point is to refer to critical psychology as represented by Erica Burman and her concept of the child as method, allowing the concept of development to be deconstructed and applicable to the reinterpretation of the understanding of school readiness. She criticises developmental psychologists’ construction of a fictitious image of the child as a product of the educational system, abstracted from the environmental and cultural context. Burman’s approach is not a specific research method, but a concept that encourages a dialogue of innovative, creative approaches, spanning multiple scientific disciplines and empirical analyses. It creates an understanding of the child as a figure or trope of politics, of childhood as a social category, and of children as living individuals operating within a field of specific institutional practices with different geopolitical contingencies. The article undertakes a polemic against the traditional normalising diagnosis of school readiness present in educational practice, which exposes an adequate preparation of the child for school. It presents a critical analysis of school readiness assessment tools used in educational practice by teachers and researchers of this phenomenon. At the same time, the article points out an alternative approach of psychologists exposing the processual and interactional approach to the study of school readiness. The article concludes by drawing attention to the necessity of constructing methodological instruments for diagnosing school readiness to work with children with diverse developmental needs and to move away from monopolising their development by the educational institution.
Cost-Benefit Analysis at a Crossroads: The New World Bank and Asian Development Bank Guidelines on Economic Analysis of Investments
Authors: Ward William A.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The World Bank and the Asian Development Bank are revising their respective Guidelines for Economic Analysis of Investments in response to a changed economic environment. Organization and management changes are also occurring as the banks attempt to both reduce the budget and improve project quality. These changes have implications for the consultants who increasingly conduct the banks’ project appraisals. The new guidelines generally encourage the use of a willingness-to-pay numeraire expressed at the domestic price level and a shadow exchange rate. This article addresses the distribution of project impacts in distribution tables rather than using income weights.
Evaluating the Social Cost of Job Creation
Authors: Kuo Chun-Yan
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article discusses the principal labor market distortions and their effects on the social cost of jobs created in industrial projects. Two alternative approaches, a partial and a general equilibrium analysis, are put forth as ways to measure labor’s opportunity cost in a systematic fashion. The general equilibrium approach provides a more sophisticated analysis because it takes into account labor migration between regions and the multiplier effect of job-creation projects on the project region.
Un outil d’évaluation de l’empowerment : une tentative en haïti
Authors: Ridde Valéry , Queuille Ludovic
Published: April 2023

Abstract: For many years, numerous attempts have been made to define empowerment, to identify its processes, and to suggest translations. Recently the debate has focussed on the complexity raised by its measurement and evaluation. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the contribution of Ninacs’s framework (2002) in evaluating empowerment, by presenting its application to the evaluation of a health promotion program in Haiti. The instrument designed based on this framework was valued by the evaluation participants, making possible a simple and useful visual representation of a complex and multidimensional concept.
Porter et gérer une action transformatrice : quelques outils de discernement pour quand on est dans ça avec d’autres
Authors: Labrie Vivian
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Is it possible to systematically learn from an individual’s experience as a leader in a coalition of groups and make use of it in a shared management situation? I wrote this account after more than nine years as coordinator and spokesperson for the Collectif pour un Québec sans pauvreté. When asked once about how I dealt with the complexity of the leadership function, an answer came to me in the form of a set of discernment tools on a key theme, transformative action. The instrument panel described in this article includes 10 images with comments and empty space for the necessary degree of freedom, introduced and followed by considerations for individuals and the organization on a number of issues surrounding the shared exercise of authority.
Teachers’ and Researchers’ Uses of Assessment and Evaluation Can Bring Reading and Writing Together
Authors: Hansen Jane
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Researchers and teachers of reading and writing can assess from different viewpoints or from a common one. In this manuscript two different viewpoints—a responsive view for writing and a developmental view for reading—show different vantage points, and the responsive view is used to show a way to bring reading and writing together. In general, this article advocates assessment for learning, as different from assessment of learning. Overall, my goal is to critique whether our uses of assessment and evaluation derive from our beliefs. Sometimes, as will be shown, this is the case, and at other times there appears to be a discrepancy between what researchers and teachers assess and value. This article may provide guidelines for assessment in classroom contexts, for uses of large-scale assessments, and for program evaluation.
Walking in Their Shoes: Students’ Perceptions of Large-Scale High-Stakes Testing
Authors: Klinger Don A. , Luce-Kapler Rebecca
Published: April 2023

Abstract: With the implementation of the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT) in 2002, Ontario became the first province in Canada requiring successful completion of a large-scale high-stakes literacy test for high school graduation. We began to explore and analyze students’ perceptions of this testing program in terms of their preparation for the test, the test’s impact and value, and the potential influence of such a testing program on the students’ views about literacy. Our study used qualitative data obtained through focus groups and interviews with students who were either successful or unsuccessful on the OSSLT. The students recalled specific test preparation for the OSSLT, often at the expense of their regular schooling. Following test instructions was a clear message to the students, leading to formulaic test responses and a narrowly expressed view of literacy. Potentially important differences were also found between the successful and unsuccessful students.
Utilité de l’évaluation de l’évaluabilité des politiques gouvernementales de lutte contre le tabagisme : l’expérience québécoise des centres d’abandon du tabagisme
Authors: Leclerc Bernard-Simon
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The government’s tobacco control policies are often multifaceted and large-scale in nature. The process and outcome evaluation of such programs generally requires a significant investment in time, money, and effort. A critical but often neglected step prior to conducting a successful evaluation is the evaluability assessment. This tool is a method for examining a given program to determine whether it meets the criteria for a meaningful evaluation. Even when it fails to do so, it still contributes to the improvement of the program. This article describes the principles of the evaluability assessment and provides an example of its application. It concludes by presenting some lessons learned from the evaluation of Quebec’s Quit Smoking Centres.
Rigour and Feasibility in Tobacco Control Evaluation: Toward a Successful Reconciliation
Authors: Allison Kenneth R. , Ashbury Fredrick D. , Pathammavong Ratsamy , Gleeson Louise , Douglas Ornell
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The challenge of reconciling scientific rigour with feasibility is central to the goals of policy and program evaluation for tobacco control. Evaluations conducted in various settings are held to high standards of performance, and must also be considered feasible by program authorities and stakeholders. This article describes three recent examples from the field of tobacco control. Issues of context, relevance, and stakeholder participation in planning evaluation designs are central to successful reconciliation. To affect tobacco control evaluation positively, reconciliation between the goals of rigour and feasibility needs to occur on two levels: between evaluator and stakeholders, and within the evaluation plan.
Program Evaluation without a Client: The Case of the Disappearing Intended Users
Authors: Mertens Donna M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Evaluators know they are supposed to identify and engage with stakeholders. What happens when the client has a very narrow concept of the meaning of evaluation? What happens when the primary stakeholders, including the client, disappear just as the evaluation gets started? First, it is important to acknowledge the challenge, then develop a strategy to negotiate the scope of the evaluation and to broaden the community of stakeholders. Divergent pathways are explored to facilitate use of the evaluation findings in such settings.
Navigating Expectations, Values and Context: A Canadian Evaluator Abroad
Authors: Lee Linda E.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article uses the story of a multi-year project conducted in four countries in east central and southeastern Europe to illustrate the challenges faced by an evaluator working in a social, political, and cultural context different from her own. Situations involving divergent expectations and unexpected events created circumstances where the evaluator had to shift roles and approaches to ensure the evaluation could remain on course. The evaluation was deemed problematic at various stages of implementation and more successful at other times. In 2010, 6 years after its completion, questions linger as to the degree the evaluation was indeed “successful.”
Successful or Not: It Depends on Your Frame of Reference
Authors: Owen John M.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article describes an evaluation that was judged to be unsuccessful from the point of view of key program stakeholders. This was due to the fact that the evaluation did not support program advocates who had much to gain from positive evaluation findings. We argue that, although the knowledge needs of stakeholders must be taken into account, the integrity of evaluation practice, consistent with codes of professional behaviour, should guide the conduct of all aspects of what evaluators do.
The Paris Declaration on aid Effectiveness: History and Significance
Authors: Dabelstein Niels , Patton Michael Quinn
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The Paris Declaration, endorsed in 2005, commits international development aid donors and recipients to act in accordance with five principles: ownership, alignment, harmonization, results, and mutual accountability. This landmark international agreement was the culmination of several decades of attempts to improve the quality of aid and its impact on development. As context for the evaluation of the Paris Declaration, this article traces the history of international agreements that led up to the Paris Declaration and the significance of the agreement itself. The number of countries and international organizations endorsing the Declaration was unprecedented, reflecting a greater diversity of voices included in international deliberations on aid effectiveness. It provided a practical, action-oriented roadmap with specific targets to be met. The evaluation derives its significance and relevance from the importance of the Paris Declaration and from the innovative, rigorous evaluation approach taken as an exemplar of joint evaluations.