bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coupling crossflow microfiltration and nanofiltration for the concentration of aroma compounds in a raspberry hydroalcoholic extract
Authors: Servent Adrien , Hector Lumley , Jobard Guillaume , Dornier Manuel
Published: October 2024

This work investigated the coupling of microfiltration (MF) and nanofiltration (NF) to concentrate the volatile compounds in a raspberry hydroalcoholic extract. Enzymatic treatment increased the MF permeate flux by 30%–50%. The highest MF permeate flux was above 50 kg·h−1·m−2 at a mass reduction ratio of 5. MF allowed efficient clarification of the extract without significant retention of aroma compounds. Among the NF membranes tested using the MF permeate as feed, one membrane was clearly more effective in concentrating the extract in terms of flux (19 kg·h−1·m−2 at 35 bar), retention of aroma compounds (average retention of 85%), phenolic compounds (61%) and dry matter (90%). Three other membranes were of interest for the fractionation of volatiles in both permeate and retentate but with a lower permeate flux. Finally, one membrane retained few aroma compounds but showed 70% dry matter retention, making it a promising method for aroma purification versus dry matter content in the permeate.

Practical Applications

In this study, we investigated the coupling of crossflow MF and NF with a pectinolytic pretreatment, in order to concentrate the aroma compounds from a raw organic raspberry extract. The aim was to avoid aroma degradation and reduce the operating costs, compared to the conventional concentration thermal technologies. Few authors have studied aroma concentration by NF, which presents an interesting area of research for industrial applications. This work provides keys for flavor manufacturers to add value to their products at a low cost and with limited environmental impact, producing concentrated natural aroma extracts for food. Another originality of this work for industrial companies was to show that thanks to the same process, several fractionations could be achieved simply by modifying the operating conditions. Therefore, this work contributed to propose new applicable processing for the production of natural flavors in a context of high consumer and market demand for organic ingredients.
Coping with climate change: A livelihood vulnerability and adaptation analysis in Gaibandha, Rangpur, Bangladesh
Authors: Omi Rafia Tasnia , Raihan Farzana , Shaw Rajib , Joarder Mohammad Abdul Munim
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to assess the impact of climate change using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) and the adaptation strategies of communities, as measured by the Adaptation Strategy Index (ASI), among 120 households across six villages in Fulchari and Shaghata Upazilas of Gaibandha district in northern Bangladesh. The findings highlight changing climatic patterns and show that while respondents are generally aware of the impacts of climate change, there are notable knowledge gaps. Galna Adarshapara was identified as the most vulnerable village according to the LVI, indicating its high susceptibility in areas such as socio‐demographic profile, food security, health, natural hazards, and climate sensitivity. Factors contributing to this vulnerability include geographical isolation, limited education, underdeveloped infrastructure, inadequate health facilities, and a lack of alternative income sources during extreme events. However, coping mechanisms such as irrigation, crop diversification, and the use of double‐platform tube wells are commonly employed to address these climatic impacts. To enhance resilience, it is crucial to implement policy initiatives and institutional arrangements that support local communities in improving their living conditions and adapting to climate change challenges.
Development of the Hiesho (sensitivity of hands or feet to cold) Care Practice Scale for pregnant women
Authors: Nakamura Sachiyo , Takeuchi Shoko , Hoshino Takahiro , Okubo Naoko , Horiuchi Shigeko
Published: October 2024

Aim

Evidence‐based indicators are needed to increase the frequency of practicing care for hiesho, which can be a risk factor during childbirth. Such practice will lead to hiesho prevention. This study aimed to develop a Hiesho Care Practice Scale (HCPS) for pregnant women and examine its reliability and validity.

Methods

To develop a HCPS and examine its reliability and validity, we conducted a questionnaire‐based survey among nurses who provide hiesho care for pregnant women in Japan.

Results

The analysis included 100 participants (recovery rate: 96%). Exploratory factor analysis produced four factors and 20 items. The model's fit indices obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis include goodness of fit of .80, adjusted goodness of fit of .75, comparative fit index of .88, and root mean squared error of approximation of .08. The correlation coefficients for the patient coaching skill evaluation scale for criterion‐related validity test ranged from .23 to .51 (p < .01).

Cronbach's α was .88, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was .81.

Conclusions

The HCPS developed in this study consisted of four factors and 20 items, and its reliability and validity were verified. This scale enables the subjective and objective evaluation of hiesho care practice in the nursing profession. It may contribute to standardizing and developing improvement measures for hiesho care among pregnant women by nurses and midwives.
Local Whittle estimation in time‐varying long memory series
Authors: Arteche Josu , Martins Luis F.
Published: October 2024

The memory parameter is usually assumed to be constant in traditional long memory time series. We relax this restriction by considering the memory a time‐varying function that depends on a finite number of parameters. A time‐varying Local Whittle estimator of these parameters, and hence of the memory function, is proposed. Its consistency and asymptotic normality are shown for locally stationary and locally non‐stationary long memory processes, where the spectral behaviour is restricted only at frequencies close to the origin. Its good finite sample performance is shown in a Monte Carlo exercise and in two empirical applications, highlighting its benefits over the fully parametric Whittle estimator proposed by Palma and Olea (2010). Standard inference techniques for the constancy of the memory are also proposed based on this estimator.
Are Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Platelet Count Useful for Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Patients Undergoing Re‐Revision Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhang Yangming , Xie Qiyu , Jiang Boyi , Jiang Wenyu , Xu Hong , Zhou Zongke
Published: October 2024

Objective

Accurate and prompt identification of periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) is critical prior to re‐revision arthroplasty to ensure optimal surgical outcomes. Among routinely measured blood indices, red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and platelet count (PLT) have shown strong correlations with infection presence. This study aimed to assess the utility of RDW and PLT for diagnosing PJI in patients scheduled for re‐revision arthroplasty.

Methods

This retrospective research encompassed all patients who underwent re‐revision hip or knee arthroplasty at our institution from 2008 to 2022. Participants were categorized into either the PJI (n = 41) or the non‐PJI (n = 47) group following the guidelines established in the 2013 International Consensus Meeting on PJI. In this analysis, RDW and PLT counts were evaluated alongside conventional inflammatory markers, including C‐reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The efficacy of these diagnostics was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve ([area under the curve AUC]).

Results

RDW demonstrated a modest AUC of 0.678 with sensitivity at 61.0% and specificity at 71.7%, using a threshold of 14.5%. PLT was on par with ESR, showing an AUC of 0.773, and both sensitivity and specificity around 73% at a threshold of 201 × 109/L. CRP presented the highest diagnostic accuracy with an AUC of 0.815, achieving a sensitivity of 82.9% and specificity of 73.9% at a 6.9 mg/L threshold, surpassing ESR's AUC of 0.754. None of the biomarkers, individually or combined, outperformed CRP alone (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

In the context of re‐revision arthroplasty, RDW and PLT demonstrate limited efficacy as diagnostic biomarkers for PJI. However, CRP retains its reliability as a biomarker when the diagnostic threshold is appropriately recalibrated.
Efficacy of Outside‐In Hip Arthroscopy without Traction in the Treatment of Hip Synovial Osteochondromatosis
Authors: Wu Weigang , Liu Meng , Zhou Chenhe , Mao Huajie , Wu Huiguo , Wu Zhiqiang , Ma Chiyuan
Published: October 2024

Arthroscopic treatments of hip synovial osteochondromatosis are mostly performed under traction, resulting in neurovascular injury or iatrogenic damage to the labrum or cartilage. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of outside‐in hip arthroscopy without traction in treating hip synovial osteochondromatosis. This retrospective study was conducted on a series of patients with hip synovial osteochondromatosis treated using outside‐in hip arthroscopy without traction in our hospital between 2018 and 2020. Plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained. The Harris hip score (HHS), hip range of motion (ROM), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were analyzed. The preoperative scores and last follow‐up scores were compared with a paired‐sample t test. The complications and recurrence postsurgery were recorded. This study included five patients (three male and two female) with an average age of 41 years (range 28–54 years). The mean follow‐up time was 25.2 months (range 18–36 months). All patients experienced groin pain relief and improved ROM. The mean VAS score was significantly lower postoperatively (0.4 ± 0.5) than preoperatively (3.2 ± 0.8) (p < 0.001). The mean HHS improved from 58.6 ± 12.7 (range 43–73) to 89.8 ± 5.26 (range 81–95) (p < 0.001). No major complications, including infection, perineal numbness and swelling, neurotrosis, thromboembolism, or severe persistent pain, were reported. Synovial osteochondromatosis recurred in one patient after 2 years of follow‐up without any obvious symptoms such as hip pain or joint locking. Therefore, no further treatment was necessary. This study showed that outside‐in hip arthroscopy without traction might be a viable option for treating hip synovial osteochondromatosis, effectively and safely relieving symptoms with minimal complications, especially in patients without lesions in the central compartment.
Habitat requirements of a critically endangered Ninox hawk‐owl: implications for island‐wide restoration
Authors: Sperring V. Florence , Bradsworth Nick , Isaac Bronwyn , Brown Sarah , Wilson Melinda , Macgregor Nicholas A. , Clarke Rohan H.
Published: October 2024

Small, isolated populations can be especially sensitive to poor habitat conditions due to their limited capacity to adapt or disperse. Management of such populations, with an objective to implement the most effective strategies, is a conservation priority. The Norfolk Island morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata) is a Critically Endangered hawk‐owl endemic to Norfolk Island with an estimated population of 25 individuals. This species faces compounding threats from habitat degradation and loss, as well as inbreeding depression. It presents an exemplar for the development of habitat management strategies for top‐order predators in small, isolated systems. We paired fine‐scale light detection and ranging‐derived habitat variables with tracking data to quantify habitat suitability and the relative importance of environmental variables. Maximum entropy modeling indicated vegetation patch size and canopy height were important habitat variables, with moreporks more likely to be found in larger patches and canopy heights above 7 m. Morepork presence was not strongly influenced by the type of wooded vegetation; rather, the species appears to be a generalist occupier of forested areas. We demonstrate that suitable habitat during the breeding season is currently constrained, with coverage limited to one‐third (34%) of the island and an estimated carrying capacity of 36 morepork pairs. Restoration of native forest in cleared areas adjacent to existing wooded patches, with a specific goal to increase patch size, was the optimized management strategy to increase in situ carrying capacity. This study has demonstrated how habitat suitability modeling can inform targeted habitat restoration to enhance threatened species recovery.
Less hay collected at more dates: toward successful restoration of subtropical grasslands by hay transfer
Authors: Porto Ana B. , Thomas Pedro A. , dos Santos Rodrigues Lucas , Overbeck Gerhard Ernst
Published: October 2024

Hay transfer is a promising method to restore temperate and subtropical grasslands, but its efficiency may depend on the harvesting timing and amount of hay used. We evaluated effects of harvest date (mid‐spring/November, early summer/December, and mid‐summer/February) and hay quantity (500 and 1000 g/m2) on vegetation cover, species richness, and species composition in an experimental study in subtropical southern Brazil for a period of 2 years. We transfer undried hay from a well‐conserved reference area onto a former grassland site degraded by pine plantations. Hay harvested during mid‐spring and early summer led to higher soil cover and species richness compared to the mid‐summer hay treatment in the first year of the experiment. A drought spell decreased vegetation cover in the second year following the hay transfer, with the mid‐spring hay treatment being the least affected. C3 grasses were more effectively introduced by mid‐spring and early summer hay, in contrast to C4 grasses that were better introduced by mid‐summer hay. Lower quantities of hay tended to lead to higher cover and species richness for all harvest dates. Freshly cut undried hay can be an effective way to reintroduce native species in degraded subtropical grasslands. We conclude that timing of hay collection and the amount of hay used influence vegetation cover and species composition at the restoration site and that multiple harvest dates increase restoration success. The drought in the second year of the experiment illustrates the need to consider the possibility of adverse climatic conditions in restoration planning.
Taxation in the context of high informality: Conceptual challenges and evidence from Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Gwaindepi Abel
Published: October 2024

The terms ‘informal sector’ and ‘shadow economy’ are in vogue but remain conceptually fuzzy in what they measure or mean. They are used in tax research and policy but with many assumptions, leading to poorly designed policies that lead to further immiseration of those who derive their livelihoods informally. Focusing on Sub‐Saharan Africa, I critically interrogate the current conceptualisation of informal economic activities and how they are thought to relate to taxation. Critically, I use existing estimates of informality and taxation data to demonstrate the need to cast the tax net wider than the usual bias toward visible subsistence informality. I show that informality is not novel among many factors negatively associated with tax revenue mobilisation, especially in its broader historical context. I then show that technology adoption can play a role in mitigating taxation challenges associated with informality. However, the role of technology remains limited if not embedded in and supported by improving government institutions, which, though protracted, show higher outcomes on taxation. Since the terms ‘informal sector’ and ‘shadow economy’ describe diverse economic activities, conceptual diversity is not necessarily problematic, but precision is necessary when these terms are brought to tax research, including frank discussions on data quality issues and when the concepts need to be generalised or restricted to context.
Uveodermatological syndrome associated with alopecia areata in a one‐year‐old female spayed Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dog
Authors: McMahill Barbara G. , Gilbert Sophie , Haddad Jamie , Novak Janelle , Shank Maria , Affolter Verena K.
Published: October 2024

Uveodermatological syndrome and alopecia areata are autoimmune disorders causing ocular and dermatological inflammation and alopecia, respectively, in dogs. This is the first report to document concurrent development of the two diseases in a dog, as has been reported in human patients. Clinical presentation and histopathological diagnosis, treatment and clinical follow‐up are described.
Collagen denaturation in post-run Achilles tendons and Achilles tendinopathy: In vivo mechanophysiology and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Fang Yijie , Zhu Dantian , Wei Jingyue , Qian Lei , Qiu Rongmao , Jia Taoyu , Huang Kui , Zhao Suwen , Ouyang Jun , Li Man , Li Shaolin , Li Yang
Published: October 2024

Achilles tendinopathy is often attributed to overuse, but its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Disruption to the molecular structure of collagen is fundamental for the onset and progression of tendinopathy but has mostly been investigated in vitro. Here, we interrogated the in vivo molecular structure changes of collagen in rat Achilles tendons following treadmill running. Unexpectedly, the tendons’ collagen molecules were not mechanically unfolded by running but denatured through proteolysis during physiological post-run remodeling. We further revealed that running induces inflammatory gene expressions in Achilles tendons and that long-term running causes prolonged, elevated collagen degradation, leading to the accumulation of denatured collagen and tendinopathy development. For applications, we demonstrated magnetic resonance imaging of collagenase-induced Achilles tendon injury in vivo using a denatured collagen targeting contrast agent. Our findings may help close the knowledge gaps in the mechanobiology and pathogenesis of Achilles tendinopathy and initiate new strategies for its imaging-based diagnosis.
Orbit symmetry breaking in MXene implements enhanced soft bioelectronic implants
Authors: Wu Yizhang , Li Yuan , Liu Yihan , Zhu Dashuai , Xing Sicheng , Lambert Noah , Weisbecker Hannah , Liu Siyuan , Davis Brayden , Zhang Lin , Wang Meixiang , Yuan Gongkai , You Chris Zhoufan , Zhang Anran , Duncan Cate , Xie Wanrong , Wang Yihang , Wang Yong , Kanamurlapudi Sreya , Evert Garcia-Guzman , Putcha Arjun , Dickey Michael D. , Huang Ke , Bai Wubin
Published: October 2024

Bioelectronic implants featuring soft mechanics, excellent biocompatibility, and outstanding electrical performance hold promising potential to revolutionize implantable technology. These biomedical implants can record electrophysiological signals and execute direct therapeutic interventions within internal organs, offering transformative potential in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of various pathological conditions. However, challenges remain in improving excessive impedance at the bioelectronic-tissue interface and thus the efficacy of electrophysiological signaling and intervention. Here, we devise orbit symmetry breaking in MXene (a low-cost scalability, biocompatible, and conductive two dimensionally layered material, which we refer to as OBXene), which exhibits low bioelectronic-tissue impedance, originating from the out-of-plane charge transfer. Furthermore, the Schottky-induced piezoelectricity stemming from the asymmetric orbital configuration of OBXene facilitates interlayered charge transport in the device. We report an OBXene-based cardiac patch applied on the left ventricular epicardium of both rodent and porcine models to enable spatiotemporal epicardium mapping and pacing while coupling the wireless and battery-free operation for long-term real-time recording and closed-loop stimulation.
Prediction of metal-free Stoner and Mott-Hubbard magnetism in triangulene-based two-dimensional polymers
Authors: Yu Hongde , Heine Thomas
Published: October 2024

Ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism require robust long-range magnetic ordering, which typically involves strongly interacting spins localized at transition metal atoms. However, in metal-free systems, the spin orbitals are largely delocalized, and weak coupling between the spins in the lattice hampers long-range ordering. Metal-free magnetism is of fundamental interest to physical sciences, unlocking unprecedented dimensions for strongly correlated materials and biocompatible magnets. Here, we present a strategy to achieve strong coupling between spin centers of planar radical monomers in π-conjugated two-dimensional (2D) polymers and rationally control the orderings. If the π-states in these triangulene-based 2D polymers are half-occupied, then we predict that they are antiferromagnetic Mott-Hubbard insulators. Incorporating a boron or nitrogen heteroatom per monomer results in Stoner ferromagnetism and half-metallicity, with the Fermi level located at spin-polarized Dirac points. An unprecedented antiferromagnetic half-semiconductor is observed in a binary boron-nitrogen–centered 2D polymer. Our findings pioneer Stoner and Mott-Hubbard magnetism emerging in the electronic π-system of crystalline-conjugated 2D polymers.
Supplemental Material: Giant plagioclase in the Steens Basalt, southeast Oregon, USA: Tracking the balance of differentiation processes in continental flood basalt evolution
Authors: Moore N.E. , al. et
Published: October 2024

Supplemental Data S1: Full results for all outcrop and micro-scale crystal size distributions and outcrop measurement locations. Supplemental Data S2: Full results for plagioclase major and trace elements and Sr isotopic compositions, and supplemental figures of La and Ce in plagioclase versus anorthite content. Figure S1: Whole-rock Sr and Ba versus MgO in the Steens Basalt.
Excited States of Excitons in MoSe2 and WSe2 Monolayers
Authors: Golyshkov G. M. , Brichkin A. S. , Bisti V. E. , Chernenko A. V.
Published: October 2024

Excitons in MoSe2 and WSe2 monolayers encapsulated with hexagonal boron nitride have been studied using optical reflectance spectroscopy. The ground and excited states of A- and B-excitons have been studied at temperatures from liquid helium to room temperature. The lines of excitons A:$$1s$$, B:$$1s$$ and their excited states А:$$2s$$, А:$$3s$$, and В:$$2s$$ are clearly observed in the reflectance spectrum. The observed line shapes of the reflection spectrum of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers depend on the thickness of the hexagonal boron nitride layers used in the structure and are in good agreement with the numerical simulation using the transfer matrix method. For the first time, the values of the reduced masses of B-excitons have been obtained from experimental data and the performed calculations of the exciton binding energy.
Respiratory viral testing for young febrile infants presenting to emergency care: a planned secondary analysis of the Febrile Infants Diagnostic assessment and Outcome (FIDO) prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Evans Jordan , Umana Etimbuk , Waterfield Thomas
Published: October 2024

Objective

To describe the association of respiratory viral test results and the risk of invasive bacterial infection (IBI) for febrile young infants presenting to emergency care.

Design

A planned secondary analysis within the Febrile Infants Diagnostic assessment and Outcome (FIDO) study, a prospective multicentre observational cohort study conducted across the UK and Ireland.

Setting

35 paediatric emergency departments and assessment units across the UK and Ireland between 6 July 2022 and 31 August 2023.

Patients

Febrile infants aged 90 days and under presenting to emergency care.

Main outcome measures

IBI (meningitis or bacteraemia) among febrile infants, undergoing respiratory viral testing for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza and SARS-CoV-2.

Results

1395 out of 1821 participants underwent respiratory viral testing, of those tested 339 (24.5%) tested positive for at least one of, SARS-CoV-2, RSV or influenza. A total of 45 infants (3.2%) were diagnosed with IBI. Of these, IBI occurred in 40 out of 1056 (3.8%) participants with a negative viral test and 5 out of 339 (1.5%) occurred in participants with a positive viral respiratory test (p=0.034). Infants aged 29 days and older with a positive respiratory viral test had a significantly lower rate of IBI (0.7%) compared with those with a negative test (3.2%) (p=0.015).

Conclusions

Young febrile infants with a positive respiratory viral test for SARS-CoV-2, RSV or influenza are at lower risk of IBI. Infants over 28 days of age with a positive viral test represent the lowest risk cohort.

Trial registration number

NCT05259683
.
Mediation-adjusted multivariable Mendelian randomisation study identified novel metabolites related to mental health
Authors: Freuer Dennis , Meisinger Christa
Published: October 2024

Background

From the pathway perspective, metabolites have the potential to improve knowledge about the aetiology of psychiatric diseases. Previous studies suggested a link between specific blood metabolites and mental disorders, but some Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies in particular are insufficient for various reasons.

Objective

This study focused on bias assessment due to interdependencies between metabolites and psychiatric mediation effects.

Methods

In a multistep framework containing network and multivariable MR, direct effects of 21 mutually adjusted metabolites on 8 psychiatric disorders were estimated based on summary statistics of genome-wide association studies from multiple resources. Robust inverse-variance weighted models were used in primary analyses. Several sensitivity analyses were performed to assess different patterns of pleiotropy and weak instrument bias. Estimates for the same phenotypes from different resources were pooled using fixed effect meta-analysis models.

Findings

After adjusting for mediation effects, genetically predicted metabolite levels of six metabolites of lipid, amino acid and cofactors pathways were directly associated with overall six mental disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, anorexia nervosa, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder and schizophrenia). Point estimates ranged from −0.45 (95% CI −0.67; −0.24, p=1.0×104) to 1.78 (95% CI 0.85; 2.71, p=0.006). No associations were found with anxiety and suicide attempt.

Conclusions

This study provides insights into new metabolic pathways that seems to be causally related to certain mental disorders.

Clinical implications

Further studies are needed to investigate whether the identified associations are effects of the metabolites itself or the biochemical pathway regulating the metabolites.
Effect of the Green Cross method on patient safety culture in a postanaesthesia care unit: a longitudinal quasi-experimental study
Authors: Birkeli Gørill Helen , Thomas Owen Matthew Truscott , Deilkås Ellen Catharina Tveter , Ballangrud Randi , Lindahl Anne Karin
Published: October 2024

Background

Hospitals should adopt multiple methods to monitor incidents for a comprehensive review of the types of incidents that occur. Contrary to traditional incident reporting systems, the Green Cross (GC) method is a simple visual method to recognise incidents based on teamwork and safety briefings. Its longitudinal effect on patient safety culture has not been previously assessed. This study aimed to explore whether the implementation of the GC method in a postanaesthesia care unit changed nurses’ perceptions of different factors associated with patient safety culture over 4 years.

Methods

A longitudinal quasi-experimental pre–post intervention design with a comparison group was used. The intervention unit and the comparison group, which consisted of nurses, were recruited from the surgical department of a Norwegian university hospital. The intervention unit implemented the GC method in February 2019. Both groups responded to the staff survey before and then annually between 2019 and 2022 on the factors ‘work engagement’, ‘teamwork climate’ and ‘safety climate’. The data were analysed using logistic regression models.

Results

Within the intervention unit, relative to the changes in the comparison group, the results indicated significant large positive changes in all factor scores in 2019, no changes in 2020, significant large positive changes in ‘work engagement’ and ‘safety climate’ scores in 2021 and a significant medium positive change in ‘work engagement’ in 2022. At baseline, the comparison group had a significantly lower score in ‘safety climate’ than the intervention unit, but no significant baseline differences were found between the groups regarding ‘work engagement’ and ‘teamwork climate’.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the GC method had a positive effect on the nurses’ perception of factors associated with patient safety culture over a period of 4 years. The positive effect was completely sustained in ‘work engagement’ but was somewhat less persistent in ‘teamwork climate’ and ‘safety climate’.
Hospitalisations for chronic conditions among care experienced and general population children and young people: evidence from the Children’s Health in Care in Scotland (CHiCS) cohort study, 1990–2016
Authors: Allik Mirjam , Gedeon Edit , Henderson Marion , Leyland Alastair
Published: October 2024

Objective

There is limited evidence on how the physical health of children and young people (CYP) who are care experienced (eg, in foster or out-of-home care) compares to the general population. UK research suggests that the prevalence of some chronic conditions may be similar for these groups.

Design

We undertook longitudinal population-wide data linkage of social care, prescription and hospitalisation records for care experienced and general population CYP born 1990–2004, followed from birth to August 2016. We compared prevalence estimates for asthma, diabetes (type 1) and epilepsy between the cohorts and used Poisson and survival models to estimate the association between social care and hospitalisations for these conditions.

Results

Care experience was not associated with a higher prevalence of asthma and diabetes, but epilepsy was more prevalent. Care was associated with increased hospitalisation rates for all three conditions, particularly for males. HRs for hospitalisations were highest before and after care and lower while the child was in care, for diabetes these were, respectively 1.88 (95% CI 1.28 to 2.77), 2.40 (95% CI 1.55 to 3.71) and 1.31 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.88) for care experienced CYP compared with general population.

Conclusions

Hospitalisations for chronic conditions are higher among care experienced CYP, particularly for males, and outside care episodes. Families with children with chronic conditions should be offered support to manage these conditions and help keep families together. Higher hospitalisations after care suggest that care leavers should be provided more support to help manage their health.
Using an integrated motor imagery and physical training intervention after knee injury: an interim analysis of the MOTIFS randomised controlled trial
Authors: Cederström Niklas , Nilsson Gustav , Dahan Rickard , Granér Simon , Ageberg Eva
Published: October 2024

Objectives

Physical function is often a main focus of knee injury rehabilitation, but recent recommendations include increasing attention to psychological factors. We have developed the MOTor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor re-learning (MOTIFS) training model which integrates dynamic motor imagery into physical rehabilitation. The objective is to report interim analysis results of an adaptive randomised controlled trial regarding the pre-defined continuation criteria.

Methods

Following a 12-week intervention in which participants were randomised to either MOTIFS or Care-as-Usual training, n=42 people undergoing rehabilitation for a traumatic knee injury were assessed for change from baseline to follow-up in psychological readiness to return to activity, using the ACL Return to Sport after Injury Scale (ACL-RSI), and side hop limb symmetry index. Continuation criteria included differences of ≥5 points in ACL-RSI and ≥8 points in side hop limb symmetry index in favour of the MOTIFS group. If these were not met, ≥5 points change in enjoyment was acceptable.

Results

Pre-defined continuation criteria were not met for ACL-RSI (mean difference −8.1 (SE 4.1)), side hop limb symmetry index (mean difference 4.4 (SE 7.8)), nor enjoyment (mean difference 3.9 (SE 4.5)), indicating that major modifications are required for continuation of the MOTIFS trial.

Conclusion

While results of this interim analysis did not show differences in psychological readiness to return to activity or side hop performance, previous research shows that the MOTIFS model is positive and enjoyable. Further research is warranted to evaluate more appropriate outcomes related to the holistic nature of physical and psychological readiness to return to activity.

Trial registration number

NCT03473821.
Consumer product-related female genital injuries in the USA from 2013 to 2022
Authors: Li Kevin Danis , Al Azzawi Sultan , Hakam Nizar , Abbasi Behzad , Ghaffar Umar , Nwachukwu Chibuzor , Patel Hiren V , Breyer Benjamin N
Published: October 2024

Background

Consumer product-related genital injuries in females across all age groups are understudied. Existing research focuses primarily on paediatric populations. We aimed to determine characteristics, trends and predictors of hospitalisation.

Methods

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was queried for female genital injuries from 2013 to 2022. We stratified our population into four age groups (<18, 18–34, 35–54, >54 years). Automated text matching and manual reviews were employed for variable extraction. χ2tests and logistic regression were conducted, accounting for survey design and weights.

Results

9054 cases representing a national estimate of 252 329 injuries (95% CI 188 059 to 316 599) were identified. Paediatric injuries were most common (61%) and seniors had the highest hospitalisation rates (28%). Falls were common in paediatric (51%) and senior (48%) groups, whereas self-induced and topical application injuries were more frequent among adults aged 18–34 and 35–54. Injuries predominantly involved playground equipment and bicycles in children, razors and massage devices in adults aged 18–34 and 35–54 and household structures in seniors. Hospitalisation increased over the decade from 7% to 9%; significant predictors of hospitalisation were Asian race (OR=3.39, 95% CI 1.83 to 6.30), fractures (OR=7.98, 95% CI 4.85 to 13.1) and urethral injury (OR=3.15, 95% CI 1.30 to 7.63).

Conclusions

Our study identifies distinct patterns in female genital injuries across ages. In the paediatric cohort, injuries are often linked to playgrounds and bicycles. For adults, grooming products are frequently implicated. Seniors commonly suffer injuries from household structures such as bathtubs. These patterns may inform discussions on tailored preventive strategies.
Gun violence exposure and population health inequality: a conceptual framework
Authors: Semenza Daniel C. , Kravitz-Wirtz Nicole
Published: October 2024

This essay establishes a conceptual framework to understand how direct, secondar and community exposures to gun violence converge to influence population health. Our framework asserts that persistent gun violence in structurally disadvantaged communities enacts broad consequences for mental, physical and behavioural health, operating as a key driver of racial and socioeconomic health disparities. We discuss the applications of this framework for research and improved data collection with a focus on establishing timely and accurate measures of gun violence alongside individual and community health measures. We then address the policy implications of the framework, emphasising the need for long-term, institutional investment in gun violence prevention and intervention, survivor service provision and evidence-based policies at all levels of government.
The correlation between intracranial pressure and venous sinus pressures changes after venous sinus stenting
Authors: Iyer Ankitha M , Midtlien Jackson P , Kittel Carol , Klever Lucas A , Wiater Angelina , Chang Emily , Margraf Connor , Fargen Kyle M
Published: October 2024

Background

The pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and other cerebral venous outflow disorders (CVD) has largely been unexplored. While a correlation between venous sinus pressure and opening pressure (OP) has been previously noted, there are limited data on this relationship in patients with prior venous sinus stenting (VSS).

Methods

A single center retrospective chart review was conducted on CVD patients who underwent diagnostic cerebral venography with manometry followed immediately by lateral decubitus lumbar puncture, from 2016 to 2024.

Results

206 patients underwent 216 total procedures and were included. Among all patients, there was a moderate nearly one-to-one correlation between OP and torcular or superior sagittal sinus (SSS) pressures. Thirty-two patients underwent testing after having undergone VSS. Patients with previous VSS showed a significantly altered relationship between venous pressures and OP, whereby as venous sinus pressures increased, OP increased more gradually in previously stented patients compared with non-stented patients. For example, when OP was fixed at 21 mm Hg and body mass index at 30 kg/m2, predicted mean SSS pressure was 19.47 mm Hg in non-stented patients versus 16.91 mm Hg in stented patients.

Conclusion

This study confirmed a strong relationship between OP and venous sinus pressure in CVD patients. However, patients with previous VSS demonstrated an altered relationship with higher CSF pressures relative to venous pressures compared with naïve patients. This finding may have important clinical implications in the management of IIH patients.
Intra-arterial tenecteplase after successful endovascular therapy (ANGEL-TNK): protocol of a multicentre, open-label, blinded end-point, prospective, randomised trial
Authors: Huo Xiaochuan , Luo Gang , Sun Dapeng , Nguyen Thanh , Abdalkader Mohamad , Chen Wenhuo , Yao Xiaoxi , Yuan Guangxiong , Yi Tingyu , Han Hongxin , Pan Yuesong , Jovin Tudor G , Liebeskind David S , Liu Liping , Zhao Xingquan , Ren Zeguang , Wang Yilong , Wang Yongjun , Yan Bernard , Miao Zhongrong
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite successful reperfusion after thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke, up to half of patients are dependent or dead at 3-month follow-up.

The aim of the current study is to demonstrate safety and efficacy of administering adjunct intra-arterial (IA) tenecteplase in anterior circulation LVO patients who have achieved successful reperfusion defined as eTICI 2b50 to 3.

Methods

ANGEL-TNK is a multicentre, open-label, assessor-blinded endpoint, prospective randomised, controlled trial that will enrol up to 256 patients. Patients who meet inclusion criteria with anterior circulation LVO stroke and successful reperfusion will be randomised to receive IA tenecteplase or best medical management at 1:1 ratio.

Results

The primary endpoint is a 90-day excellent outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0–1. The primary safety endpoint is symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage within 48 hours from randomisation. Secondary endpoints include 90-day ordinal mRS, mRS 0–2, mRS 0–3, all-cause mortality and any intracranial haemorrhage.

Conclusion

In patients with anterior circulation LVO stroke, the ANGEL-TNK trial will inform whether adjunct IA tenecteplase administered after successful thrombectomy reperfusion improves patient outcomes.

Trial registration number

NCT05624190.
Geriatric falls: an enormous economic burden compared to firearms
Authors: Zangbar Bardiya , Rafieezadeh Aryan , Rodriguez Gabriel , Kirsch Jordan Michael , Shnaydman Ilya , Jose Anna , Bronstein Matthew , Prabhakaran Kartik
Published: October 2024

Background

This study aimed to assess the medical costs, and the combined costs of fatal firearm injury and fatal falls during a 5 year period. While fatal firearm injury represents a significant public health concern, the healthcare community is faced with the significant challenge of fatal falls, particularly in light of the elderly population growth.

Methods

Data were exported from the Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System database for fatal firearm and falls in patients aged between 15–85 years-old. The primary outcome was medical cost and the secondary outcome was combined costs (combination of medical costs and value of statistical life).

Results

The medical cost of fatal falls was significantly higher in 2015–2020 in all age groups. The combined cost was significantly higher in fatal firearm injury overall. We found the combined cost was higher in fatal falls after 2019 for patients in the 45–85+ age range. During 2015–2019, the percentage of fatal falls had a significant increase in all age ranges, with a rise in the slope in 2019 for patients over 65 years. The annual percent change (APC) for the proportion of fatal falls increased from 2015 to 2020, there was a significant increase in the slope after 2019 (2.81% APC before 2019 vs 6.95% after 2019).

Conclusion

Geriatric fatal falls have significantly higher medical costs compared with fatal firearm injury. The combined cost for fatal falls exceeded fatal firearm injury after 2019 which highlights the increasing socioeconomic burden of an aging population.

Level of evidence

Level III retrospective study.
Stock identification of sympatric Atlantic cod populations in the Gulf of Maine and mixed stock fishery analysis using otolith-based techniques
Authors: Kerr Lisa A. , Whitener Zachary , Becker Sarah , Goethel David , Zemeckis Douglas R. , Sherwood Graham , Kovach Adrienne I. , Cadrin Steven X.
Published: October 2024

Sympatric populations of Atlantic cod with distinct spawning times in winter and spring have been identified within the Gulf of Maine. A new western Gulf of Maine stock assessment unit in U.S. waters lumps winter and spring spawning populations into a single stock unit and future monitoring and assessment of their abundance will require mixed stock analysis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of otolith-based stock identification techniques to discriminate spawning populations. Significant differences in otolith structure and microchemistry were identified between winter and spring spawners with the highest degree of classification accuracy based on both features. Mixed stock analysis applied to fishery samples of unknown origin indicated the contemporary (2015–2016) commercial fishery is dominated by winter spawners. Exploratory classification of historical fishery samples suggested a change over time with spring and winter spawners present in near equal proportion in the early 1990s and winter spawners dominating in the early 1980s. Otolith-based stock composition analysis has the potential to support monitoring and assessment of cod populations in the Gulf of Maine.
Stand composition and development stage affect fuel characteristics of quaking aspen forests in Utah, USA
Authors: Nesbit Kristin A. , Yocom Larissa L. , Trudgeon Allison M. , Rogers Paul C. , McAvoy Darren J. , Lane Emily , DeRose R. Justin
Published: October 2024

In western North America, quaking aspen stands ( Populus tremuloides Michx.) have predominantly been described as low flammability, “fireproof” forests, but the specific relationship between aspen stand composition, fuel characteristics, and potential fire behavior is not fully understood. We investigated surface and canopy fuel characteristics in 80 aspen stands in Utah, U.S., that spanned gradients of tree species composition from aspen to conifer dominance and stand development from early to late stages. We quantified fuel type and load, measured fuel moisture content in representative stands across two summer seasons, and modeled flame lengths in each stand. Fuel type and load varied greatly across stands, though late development, conifer-dominated stands had significantly higher (∼2–5 times) fine dead woody and litter load and significantly lower (∼2–5 times) live understory herbaceous load compared to pure aspen stands. Fuel moisture content did not vary by stand type. Modeled flame lengths were lowest in pure aspen stands, and flame lengths increased linearly with decreasing aspen composition, suggesting that potential surface fire behavior increases as a seral aspen stand progresses through succession to conifer dominance.
Technical Design Report for the LUXE experiment
Authors:   LUXE Collaboration, Abramowicz H. , Almanza Soto M. , Altarelli M. , Aßmann R. , Athanassiadis A. , Avoni G. , Behnke T. , Benettoni M. , Benhammou Y. , Bhatt J. , Blackburn T. , Blanch C. , Bonaldo S. , Boogert S. , Borysov O. , Borysova M. , Boudry V. , Breton D. , Brinkmann R. , Bruschi M. , Burkart F. , Büßer K. , Cavanagh N. , Dal Corso F. , Decking W. , Deniaud M. , Diner O. , Dosselli U. , Elad M. , Epshteyn L. , Esperante D. , Ferber T. , Firlej M. , Fiutowski T. , Fleck K. , Fuster-Martinez N. , Gadow K. , Gaede F. , Gallas A. , Garcia Cabrera H. , Gerstmayr E. , Ghenescu V. , Giorato M. , Golubeva N. , Grojean C. , Grutta P. , Grzelak G. , Hallford J. , Hartman L. , Heinemann B. , Heinzl T. , Helary L. , Hendriks L. , Hoffmann M. , Horn D. , Huang S. , Huang X. , Idzik M. , Irles A. , Jacobs R. , King B. , Klute M. , Kropf A. , Kroupp E. , Lahno H. , Lasagni Manghi F. , Lawhorn J. , Levanon A. , Levi A. , Levinson L. , Levy A. , Levy I. , Liberman A. , Liss B. , List B. , List J. , Lohmann W. , Maalmi J. , Madlener T. , Malka V. , Marsault T. , Mattiazzo S. , Meloni F. , Miron D. , Morandin M. , Moroń J. , Nanni J. , Neagu A. T. , Negodin E. , Paccagnella A. , Pantano D. , Pietruch D. , Pomerantz I. , Pöschl R. , Potlog P. M. , Prasad R. , Quishpe R. , Ranken E. , Ringwald A. , Roich A. , Salgado F. , Santra A. , Sarri G. , Sävert A. , Sbrizzi A. , Schmitt S. , Schulthess I. , Schuwalow S. , Seipt D. , Simi G. , Soreq Y. , Spataro D. , Streeter M. , Swientek K. , Tal Hod N. , Teter T. , Thiebault A. , Thoden D. , Trevisani N. , Urmanov R. , Vasiukov S. , Walker S. , Warren M. , Wing M. , Yap Y. C. , Zadok N. , Zanetti M. , Żarnecki A. F. , Zbińkowski P. , Zembaczyński K. , Zepf M. , Zerwas D. , Ziegler W. , Zuffa M.
Published: October 2024

This Technical Design Report presents a detailed description of all aspects of the LUXE (Laser Und XFEL Experiment), an experiment that will combine the high-quality and high-energy electron beam of the European XFEL with a high-intensity laser, to explore the uncharted terrain of strong-field quantum electrodynamics characterised by both high energy and high intensity, reaching the Schwinger field and beyond. The further implications for the search of physics beyond the Standard Model are also discussed.
Perspectives of Fluctuation-Enhanced Gas Sensing by Two-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Smulko Janusz , Drozdowska Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

We present the results of gas sensing using the fluctuation-enhanced sensing method in selected two-dimensional materials (2DMs). We claim that gas sensing selectivity can be improved further by considering semiconducting two-dimensional materials doped by noble metal nanoparticles. The 2DMs’ structures exhibit some imperfections defined by their structure, occurring repeatedly there. These imperfections are adsorption–desorption centers responsible for gas-sensing properties and generating flicker noise of various intensities. We consider how these imperfections can be modulated and utilized for fluctuations-enhanced gas sensing. We propose the decoration of 2DMs by noble metal nanoparticles that impact flicker noise. Additionally, we consider utilizing localized surface plasmonic resonance induced by irradiation at selected wavelengths.