Abstract P2-03-04: Long-Term Benefit from Adjuvant Tamoxifen in Luminal A and Luminal B Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Dar Huma , Johansson Annelie , Nordenskjöld Anna , Perez-Tenorio Gizeh , Yau Christina , Benz Christopher C. , Esserman Laura J. , Nordenskjöld Bo , Stål Olle , Fornander Tommy , Lindström Linda S. 
Published: March 2023

Background: The risk for patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer remains stable decades after primary diagnosis, with a large proportion of distant metastatic events occurring late. Thus, long-term follow-up studies are essential to understand true treatment benefit. Tamoxifen (TAM) therapy is a fundamental endocrine treatment for ER-positive breast cancer. We have previously shown a long-term tamoxifen therapy benefit for patients with less aggressive tumor characteristics in ER-positive/HER2-negative patients. However, ER-positive breast cancer is highly heterogenous and can be separated into different molecular subpopulations that behave differently during extended follow-up. The long-term tamoxifen benefit by molecular subtype is largely unexplored. We therefore aimed to investigate the long-term benefit from tamoxifen by clinically used tumor characteristics in Luminal A vs Luminal B patients in the Stockholm tamoxifen (STO)-trials with complete 20-years follow-up.

Methods: Secondary analysis of ER-positive/HER2-negative patients with Luminal A or B molecular subtype (n=952) from the STO-trials (1976-1997) randomized to TAM (40 mg) vs no endocrine therapy (control). Gene expression data was generated using custom designed Agilent arrays from FFPE breast cancer tumor tissue and was used to define PAM50 molecular subtypes. The clinically used markers were reannotated in 2014 and 2020. Complete 20-year follow-up was obtained from Swedish high-qualitative registries. The long-term distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) was assessed by Kaplan-Meier, multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression and time-varying analysis, using flexible parametric modelling.

Results: Multivariable analysis showed significantly improved long-term DRFI from TAM vs control for both Luminal A (HR=0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.81) and Luminal B (HR=0.67; 95% CI, 0.46-0.99) patients. Time-varying analysis showed that patients with Luminal A subtype significantly benefitted from TAM for 15 years (HR=0.60, 95% CI, 0.39-0.94 at year 15), whereas patients with Luminal B subtype had a significant TAM benefit for 5 years (HR=0.64, 95% CI, 0.42-0.98 at year 5), see Table. Furthermore, a significant long-term TAM benefit for patients with large tumor size (pT&gt;20mm: HR=0.46; 95% CI, 0.25-0.84), tumor grade 1-2 (HR=0.55; 95% CI, 0.40-0.77), lymph node-negative (HR=0.51, 95% CI, 0.34-0.78), PR-positive (HR=0.57, 95% CI, 0.40-0.81) and Ki-67-low tumors (HR=0.55, 95% CI, 0.39-0.77) was seen for Luminal A patients. In Luminal B patients, significantly improved long-term DRFI from TAM vs control was seen for small tumor size (pT≤20mm: HR=0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.80), tumor grade 1-2 (HR=0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.90), lymph node-negative (HR=0.40, 95% CI, 0.19-0.83), PR-positive (HR=0.59, 95% CI, 0.38-0.93) and Ki-67-low tumors (HR=0.45, 95% CI, 0.25-0.84).

Conclusions: This study suggests a 15 years tamoxifen benefit for patients with Luminal A subtype tumors, whereas the benefit for patients with Luminal B tumors is up to five years after diagnosis. Furthermore, our study suggests a long-term tamoxifen benefit for patients with less aggressive tumor characteristics regardless of tumor subtype, except for tumor size in Luminal A patients. ER-positive breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and long-term follow-up studies in molecular subtypes are essential to understand differences in treatment benefit.

Table. Time-varying analysis of long-term tamoxifen therapy benefit by PAM50 molecular subtype.

Time-varying analysis of distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) to assess how tamoxifen benefit varied over the 20 year of follow-up using flexible parametric survival modelling. Patients included in analyses with no missing values. Estimated hazard ratios (HR) at year 5, 10, 15 and 20 for patients with Luminal A or Luminal B molecular subtype tumors randomized to tamoxifen therapy, as compared with patients randomized to no endocrine therapy (control). Adjusted for age, period of primary breast cancer diagnosis, tumor size, tumor grade, lymph node status, PR status, Ki-67 status, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, type of surgery, and menopausal status. *indicates significant findings P&lt;0.05

Citation Format: Huma Dar, Annelie Johansson, Anna Nordenskjöld, Gizeh Perez-Tenorio, Christina Yau, Christopher C. Benz, Laura J. Esserman, Bo Nordenskjöld, Olle Stål, Tommy Fornander, Linda S. Lindström. Long-Term Benefit from Adjuvant Tamoxifen in Luminal A and Luminal B Breast Cancer Patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-03-04.