bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Bayesian Evidence for a Planet in Radial Velocity Data
Authors: Nelson Benjamin E. , Ford Eric B. , Buchner Johannes , Cloutier Ryan , Díaz Rodrigo F. , Faria João P. , Hara Nathan C. , Rajpaul Vinesh M. , Rukdee Surangkhana
Published: January 2020

We present results from a data challenge posed to the radial velocity (RV) community: namely, to quantify the Bayesian “evidence” for n = {0, 1, 2, 3} planets in a set of synthetically generated RV data sets containing a range of planet signals. Participating teams were provided the same likelihood function and set of priors to use in their analysis. They applied a variety of methods to estimate

, the marginal likelihood for each n-planet model, including cross-validation, the Laplace approximation, importance sampling, and nested sampling. We found the dispersion in

across different methods grew with increasing n-planet models: ∼3 for zero planets, ∼10 for one planet, ∼102–103 for two planets, and >104 for three planets. Most internal estimates of uncertainty in

for individual methods significantly underestimated the observed dispersion across all methods. Methods that adopted a Monte Carlo approach by comparing estimates from multiple runs yielded plausible uncertainties. Finally, two classes of numerical algorithms (those based on importance and nested samplers) arrived at similar conclusions regarding the ratio of

for n- and (n + 1)-planet models. One analytic method (the Laplace approximation) demonstrated comparable performance. We express both optimism and caution: we demonstrate that it is practical to perform rigorous Bayesian model comparison for models of ≤3 planets, yet robust planet discoveries require researchers to better understand the uncertainty in

and its connections to model selection.
Black Hole Hyperaccretion in Collapsars. II. Gravitational Waves
Authors: Wei Yun-Feng , Liu Tong
Published: January 2020

As progenitors of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), the core collapse of massive stars and the coalescence of compact object binaries are believed to be powerful sources of gravitational waves (GWs). In the collapsar scenario, a rotating stellar-mass black hole (BH) surrounded by a hyperaccretion disk might be active in the center of a massive collapsar, which is one of the plausible central engines of long GRBs. Such a BH hyperaccretion disk would be in a state of a neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF) at the initial stage of the accretion process; meanwhile, the jets attempt to break out from the envelope and circumstellar medium to power GRBs. In addition to collapsars, BH hyperaccretion systems are important sources of neutrinos and GWs. In this paper, we investigate the GW emission generated by the anisotropic neutrino emission from NDAFs in collapsar scenarios. As the results indicate, the typical frequency of GWs is ∼1–100 Hz, and the masses and metallicities of the progenitor stars have slight effects on the GW strains. The GWs from NDAFs might be detected by operational or planned detectors at a distance of 10 kpc. Moreover, comparisons of the detectable GWs from collapsars, NDAFs, and GRB jets (internal shocks) are displayed. By combining the electromagnetic counterparts, neutrinos, and GWs, one may constrain the characteristics of collapsars and central BH accretion systems.
« En rabattre » à l’arrivée du deuxième enfant : enquête sur les normes et les pratiques éducatives de parents diplômés
Authors: Clément Céline , Hamelin Christine , Paillet Anne , Pélage Agnès , Samuel Olivia , Schütz Gabrielle
Published: January 2020

À partir d’une enquête longitudinale qualitative, cet article porte sur la manière dont les normes et pratiques éducatives de parents diplômés de l’enseignement supérieur sont mises à l’épreuve avec la naissance de leur deuxième enfant. En se centrant plus particulièrement sur la norme de singularisation des enfants et sur celle de traitement égalitaire, nous montrons comment, concrètement, les parents accueillent leur cadet·te, lui réservent une place dans sa famille et sont conduits à « en rabattre » sur la réalisation pratique de leurs ambitions éducatives. Exigeante en termes d’implication parentale et de disponibilité, la mise en œuvre de ces normes repose fortement sur la mobilisation des mères, et contribue à renforcer l’inégale répartition du travail parental et domestique dans le couple à l’arrivée du deuxième enfant. À son tour, cette inégalité croissante rend plus difficile la concrétisation de ces normes éducatives.
Assurer les tâches parentales pendant un cancer : un moyen de rester maîtresse de son existence
Authors: Mary Anaïs
Published: January 2020

Partant de l’hypothèse que la survenue d’un cancer va de pair avec un relâchement ménager et parental opéré par les femmes qui en sont touchées, en raison du caractère affaiblissant sur les plans physique et moral de ses traitements, il nous reviendra de montrer que celle-ci ne se vérifie que partiellement. Si elle est valide pour le ménager où celles qui ont été interrogées dans le cadre de notre travail de thèse ont toutes fait part d’un moindre investissement, nous ne pouvons pas en dire de même pour ce qui se rapporte aux aspects maternels. En effet, lorsqu’elles interrompent leur activité professionnelle, qu’elles habitent à proximité des lieux où elles sont soignées et que les effets secondaires des traitements sont limités dans leur nombre et dans leur intensité, le cancer va constituer une occasion pour un grand nombre de mères interrogées de surinvestir la sphère parentale. Déclarant « faire autant [voire] plus » et « faire mieux » auprès de leurs enfants, elles y voient des modalités de pouvoir sur soi qui leur permettent de garder la maîtrise de leur existence. Réaliser autant ou plus de tâches parentales sur un registre plus qualitatif constitue pour elles un marqueur de domination sur le cancer. Elles s’en saisissent à la fois comme signe de leur robustesse physique et intellectuelle face aux effets des traitements et comme moyen de contrer les caractères perturbateur et (potentiellement) funeste de cette maladie ; l’exercice des tâches parentales étant inchangé par rapport à ce qu’il était avant le cancer et étant mobilisé comme une preuve qu’elles se font à elles-mêmes et aux personnes qui les entourent qu’elles sont encore bien vivantes. Surtout, elles considèrent que l’exercice de ces tâches leur permet de demeurer les cheffes d’orchestre de la vie familiale ; ce même titre dont celles qui ont délégué les tâches parentales regrettent de ne pas pouvoir se réclamer.
La paternité s’arrête-t-elle aux portes de la prison ?
Authors: Quennehen Marine
Published: January 2020

La naissance du premier enfant est fréquemment identifiée comme un tournant biographique. Cependant, cet événement acquiert une charge biographique qui diffère selon la personne qui le définit et la place qu’elle lui accorde dans sa reconstitution biographique. Quant à l’arrivée en prison, elle constituerait une rupture dans les parcours de vie. Au regard du vécu des pères détenus, cette perception des événements semble moins univoque et plus complexe. En retraçant deux dimensions spatio-temporelles, l’histoire passée à l’extérieur à travers l’entrée dans la parentalité et le présent de l’incarcération, j’ai cherché à définir la trajectoire parentale d’un type de père en prison que j’ai nommé « marginale ». Plusieurs questions émergent : existe-t-il un tournant entre la situation précarcérale et le moment de l’incarcération ? L’incarcération peut-elle être envisagée comme un incident biographique pour les pères détenus ? Dès lors, les pratiques parentales de ces derniers s’en trouvent-elles bouleversées ? Mon développement s’appuiera sur des entretiens répétés menés auprès de trente et un détenus rencontrés dans deux maisons d’arrêt et deux centres de détention. Cet article rendra compte de trajectoires conjugales, parentales et sociales heurtées. L’entrée dans la paternité est peu préparée et survient alors qu’ils sont pleinement investis dans leur carrière délictueuse. Quant à l’incarcération, elle survient à la fois comme une fatalité et un rite de passage. La paternité semble alors secondaire et dépend surtout de la médiation de la mère.
Les changements d’organisation de la résidence des enfants après une séparation : des arrangements consentis au nom de l’intérêt de l’enfant ?
Authors: Le Pape Marie-Clémence , Virot Pauline
Published: January 2020

L’objectif de cet article, qui s’appuie sur une enquête qualitative menée auprès de soixante-dix parents séparés, est de mettre la focale sur les changements d’organisation des modalités de résidence des enfants après une séparation. Derrière une apparente stabilité juridique et statistique des modes de résidence se jouent des ajustements informels entre les ex-conjoints au gré des aléas du quotidien. Ils s’articulent autour de trois préalables tacites – l’anticipation, la réciprocité et une relation apaisée – mais dépendent aussi des conditions matérielles qui pèsent sur ces arrangements. L’analyse du passage d’un mode de résidence à un autre, moins fréquent, met au jour un gradient de situations allant d’une décision consensuelle des parents à un affrontement sur la résidence des enfants. L’analyse des justifications de ces changements d’organisation laisse, par ailleurs, entrevoir une rhétorique de la « bonne parentalité » dans le contexte des séparations. Le souci de « faire au mieux » pour l’enfant est la raison qui prédomine dans les discours. Cette norme altruiste de « l’intérêt de l’enfant » est mobilisée autant par les hommes que par les femmes. Elle renvoie à trois acceptions prédominantes : respecter le principe d’une coparentalité, privilégier l’unité de la fratrie et écouter son enfant. D’autres registres plus personnels s’y mêlent, de façon plus ou moins assumée, comme des raisons professionnelles, une remise en couple ou, plus rarement, la dénonciation du désinvestissement de l’autre parent.
Statut économique et participation sociale : effets sur la qualité de vie des personnes âgées fragilisées
Authors: Barbabella Francesco , Poli Arianna , Kostakis Ioannis
Published: January 2020

Les personnes âgées souffrant de limitations fonctionnelles, dont l’état de santé et la qualité de vie (QdV) sont souvent très faibles, constituent un groupe vulnérable. En Italie comme en Grèce, ce sont les soins informels et le personnel soignant employé à titre privé qui leur permettent le plus souvent de bénéficier d’un soutien et d’une prise en charge continue, plus que les services d’aide publics. Cette situation peut entraîner une dégradation de la QdV si les personnes âgées ne disposent pas de ressources sociales et économiques propres leur permettant de faire face à leurs limitations, particulièrement dans un contexte fortement influencé par les effets de la crise économique. Quel rôle joue le statut socioéconomique (SSE) et la participation sociale en tant qu’indicateurs de la QdV des personnes âgées ayant des limitations fonctionnelles, après cette période de la grande récession ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons utilisé des données Share ( Survey of health ageing & retirement in Europe ) de la vague 6 sur les adultes de 50 ans et plus afin de réaliser une analyse descriptive transversale et appliquer un modèle de régression linéaire hiérarchique à l’Italie et à la Grèce, avec des blocs d’indicateurs dans les domaines démographique, socioéconomique, de la santé, de l’accès aux soins et de la participation sociale. Même si un bon état de santé demeure l’indicateur le plus important, on constate pour les deux pays que les niveaux plus élevés de SSE et de participation sociale sont fortement corrélés à une meilleure QdV. Nos résultats suggèrent que les personnes âgées les plus socialement défavorisées ont plus de risque de subir des inégalités sociales, entraînant des répercussions sur leur QdV et leur inclusion sociale.
Simmel as a “Hidden King?”. On his relations to Egon Friedell and Max Raphael
Authors: Meyer Ingo
Published: January 2020

Dans notre article, nous abordons la notion du « roi clandestin » de Simmel à travers deux figures : celle de Egon Friedell et de Max Raphael. Si Egon Friedell, disciple de Karl Kraus, qui a écrit son célèbre Kulturgeschichte der Neuzeit , disait quelque chose de similaire à ce que Simmel a qualifié de « roi clandestin » : chaque époque, chaque époque - dit Friedell - a son idée, son concept, sa mode et même son style de mobilier ; de l’autre côté Max Raphael, historien de l'art qui, comme Bloch, était un étudiant de Simmel, s’inspire de la notion simmelienne dans son concept de « histoire de l’art empirique ».
La Santa Muerte : symbole et dévotion envers « la reine des épouvantables »
Authors: Rebolledo González César
Published: January 2020

Cet article propose une analyse épistémologique de la dévotion de la Santa Muerte au Mexique. La mort, plus que tout autre phénomène, est essentielle à la compréhension de tous les actes humains, en ce sens alors, une analyse de la ferveur religieuse, en tant que forme de paroxysme, offre un point de vue privilégié pour examiner la logique du comportement socioculturel contemporain en Occident. Les domaines de la Santa Muerte sont absolus, mais à la fois souterrains, occultes et marginaux. Suivant l’idée de Simmel sur le roi clandestin, la mort est partout voilée ; l’étudier signifie un moyen de découvrir les fondements de tout type de comportement. La mort est un creuset dans lequel la vie sociale est dynamisée, c’est le substrat tragique de toute chose, le point d’attachement originel d’où émerge la vie. Dans cet article, nous analyserons une série de croyances et de rituels atour de la Santa Muerte au Mexique. Pour cela, nous présentons une approximation hagiographique de la soi-disant Niña Blanca , que nous avons construite avec les témoignages de journalistes, de prêtres et de fidèles. Ensuite, nous analysons la nature de sa stigmatisation sociale sous l’idée anthropologique de la haine de la mort. Enfin, nous nous focalisons sur ce que l’on appelle la domestiaction de la mort, tout en soulignant que le processus de sacralisation du profane est en jeu.
Penser le travail : pour une approche à la croisée entre sociologie et littérature
Authors: Orientale Caputo Giustina , Bory Stefano
Published: January 2020

L’article propose d’utiliser une posture épistémologique pour la connaissance du changement social – notamment en s’appuyant sur le travail comme exemple empirique concret – à la croisée entre sociologie et littérature. L’objectif est de dépasser une position théorétique qui attribue au discours scientifique une légitimité supérieure à celle de la fiction littéraire dans le regard posé sur les phénomènes sociaux. L’essai de faire une sociologie avec la littérature et non seulement une sociologie de la littérature peut réussir si l’on rompt avec une polarisation des deux restitutions du monde social. Les changements concernant le monde du travail font exemple de ces deux regards, qui n’arrêtent pas de se croiser et de dialoguer.
Relationship between levels of physical activity and brain derived neurotrophic factor in peripheral blood of monozygotic twins
Authors: Neto J.P. , da Silva D. Santos , da Silva I.R. Vital , Thill J. , Pochmann D. , Brito C. , Elsner V.R.
Published: January 2020

Studies involving monozigotic (MZ) twins are of great importance for the understanding of genetic and environmental influences without the development of individual pathologies and pathways associated with lifestyle. In this context, discordance has recently been suggested in the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in MZ twins, which may be associated with the practice of physical activity (PA). The objective was to verify the relationship between the peripheral levels of BDNF and PA in MZ twins. This transversal and quantitative study included 11 pairs of MZ twins that answered the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), a brief anamnesis and were submitted to a blood collection (15 ml) for BDNF levels analysis, measured through ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Centro Universitário Metodista IPA (no. 1.746.954). There was no statistically significant relationship between BDNF and PA levels in sedentary and physically active MZ twins (P=0.431). PA practice does not seem to influence BDNF levels in these individuals.
Survey for toxigenicFusarium species on maize kernels in China
Authors: Qin P.W. , Xu J. , Jiang Y. , Hu L. , van der Lee T. , Waalwijk C. , Zhang W.M. , Xu X.D.
Published: January 2020

Maize is currently the most important crop in China. A major concern in maize production is maize ear rot caused byFusarium spp., which results in yield losses, reduction of seed quality and the accumulation of mycotoxins in the harvested grains. To identify the importance of the differentFusarium species in maize infection, we performed a comprehensive survey on 9,000 asymptomatic and randomly collected maize kernels. Seeds were collected from 12 different provinces covering all major maize growing areas in China and included five maize varieties. In total 1,022Fusarium isolates were retrieved that were identified based on morphological characteristics, by species specific diagnostic PCRs and by EF1-α gene sequencing. Eight different species were identified:Fusarium verticillioides (75.34%),Fusarium graminearum (8.32%),Fusarium proliferatum (7.14%),Fusarium subglutinans (4.11%),Fusarium meridionale (1.57%),Fusarium oxysporum (1.37%),Fusarium semitectum (1.17%), andFusarium asiaticum (0.98%). The distribution ofFusarium species was found to be different in different regions with the largest diversity observed in Hubei province, where all eightFusarium species were isolated. Genetic chemotyping within theF. graminearum species complex indicated that all of the 85F. graminearum isolates showed the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype, whereas allF. asiaticum (n=10) andF. meridionale (n=16) isolates had the nivalenol chemotype even when isolated from the same maize field. To our knowledge this is the largest collection ofFusarium isolates from maize and further exploitations of this collection are discussed.
Allergic Reactions to Stinging and Biting Insects and Arachnids
Authors: Järvinen Kirsi M.
Published: January 2020

CME Educational Objectives

1.

Recognize stinging and biting insects and arachnids as potential causes of allergic and anaphylactic reactions.

2.

Understand the clinical manifestations of an allergic reaction to an insect sting or bite and their respective management.

3.

Determine for which insect sting and bite allergies venom immunotherapy is available, and understand their risks and benefits.
Comparison of Diesel-Electric with Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System Safety Using System-Theoretic Process Analysis
Authors: Bolbot V , Theotokatos G , Boulougouris E , Vassalos D
Published: January 2020

Cruise ship industry is rapidly developing, with both the vessels size and number constantly growing up, which renders ensuring passengers, crew and ship safety a paramount necessity. Collision, grounding and fire are among the most frequent accidents on cruise ships with high consequences. In this study, a hazard analysis of diesel-electric and hybrid-electric propulsion system is undertaken using System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). The results demonstrate significant increase in potential hazardous scenarios due to failures in automation and control systems, leading to fire and a higher number of scenarios leading to propulsion and power loss in hybrid-electric propulsion systems than on a conventional cruise-ship propulsion system. Results also demonstrate that STPA enhancement is required to compare the risk of two propulsion systems.
Technical & Regulatory Developments to Support Innovative Offshore Wind Vessel
Authors: Peno E.
Published: January 2020

Over the last few years offshore wind industry has become a key contributor to the transformation of the world energy sources. This transformation is driven not only by the increased demand of energy coming from emerging countries but also by the increased awareness about climate change.
To keep on developing this industry, offshore wind farms are now moving further from shore and into deeper water. In addition, to fight back against other energy sources, an outstanding effort is requested to the whole supply chain, including vessels serving this industry, to reduce costs. This paper will explain how the development of new technologies certainly helps to solve the complex equation that the offshore wind industry is facing today. In addition, this paper will describe how classification societies support these developments by providing a constructive regulatory scope to ensure that this innovative vessels can meet this challenge without compromising on safety and while reducing their environmental impact.
Allied Maritime Forces Transformation: Towards a Defence Planning Process That Includes Adaptable Warships
Authors: Logtmeijer Richard , Manley David , Condon Gregory , Cole Joseph , Caron Jean-Denis , Fee Michèle , Tenbergen Martin , Rudius Michael , Greco Cdr Francesco , Otten Siebe , Alvarez Mari Julia , Pudduck Rod , Goodwin Jon , Burston Dickie , McKenzie Nate , de Groot Cdr Peter
Published: January 2020

Warships have long service lives. During the life of a warship the types of operations that will be assigned to the ship will change (this happened for example at the end of the Cold War), the technology behind the installed systems will advance (e.g., radar performance and miniaturisation) and new technologies will emerge. New technologies are likely to require changes in the way operations are presently conducted (e.g., off-board systems for conducting mine countermeasures operations) and can deliver new operational capabilities to the ship (e.g., directed-energy weapon systems). For these reasons, warships can only maintain maximum operational relevance through-life if their operational capabilities can be augmented and adapted to meet changing user requirements. NATO nations and partners, and also their peer competitors, are designing and building more adaptable warships. A common characteristic of these ships is that mission essential systems can be added to and removed from the ship in a relatively short time period. Warship roles can thus be reconfigured. The future of this trend is transforming the NATO defence planning process so that the future structure of the allied maritime forces will include an appropriate mix of adaptable warships and up-to-date mission packages that can respond to constantly changing operational tasking. The naval architect is already aware that traditional warship design features must be re-worked to accommodate modular, in addition to—or even to replace—organic systems. This paper considers the transformation from the engineering and management of mission packages, their deployment and integration into new warship designs towards a new maritime defence planning philosophy and process.
The Importance of On-Board Infrastructure to Enable Future Vessel Enhancements at Build and Throughout Life
Authors: Willmore S. , Burnside C. , Sutton E.
Published: January 2020

Increasingly the rate of technological change means that platform configurations and capabilities are evolving. Often equipment installed during build was not available or accurately specified to be incorporated early in the design cycle. Developing engineering approaches and good stakeholder engagement is needed to ensure that design choices consider future likely or potential developments by providing a degree of flexibility without expanding budgets to handle the uncertainty and risk to the programme. Platforms are now updated and upgraded regularly through their life; often platforms within a class vary in the capabilities they hold due to the rapid change in technology and the mission profiles for the platforms. In an information centric battlefield with the craft of information warfare swiftly becoming increasingly prevalent, connectivity is fundamental to mission success and so future topside layouts need to effectively support this and consider antenna positioning as a key enabler to optimising this. Below decks the ability to setup and re-configure networks both functionally and physically is key to allow for low cost future updates avoiding the need for design iterations and lengthy installations of new networks. Providing secure, high capacity links between other local units, organic assets and ashore will be essential if developments in domains such as autonomous systems are to be fully exploited to further advance overall platform effectiveness.
Norway's New Multi-Role Logistics and Support Vessel (LSV)
Authors: Aitken A. J. , Jones S. R.
Published: January 2020

This paper describes the key capabilities and features of the Royal Norwegian Navy’s new multi-role Logistics and Support Vessel, HNoMS Maud, and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of a multi-role vessel considering some typical operational scenarios. It examines some of the design challenges and constraints encountered due to the multi-role nature of the vessel and the implications of standards on the design.
Pushing the Limit: The Role Less Multirole Warship
Authors: Pawling R. J. , Bradbeer N. I. C.
Published: January 2020

Designing effective multirole vessels, particularly warships, is complicated by the potential for the roles, and the mix of roles, to change. Modularity is frequently suggested as an approach to addressing this problem. However, in most extant or near-term modular surface combatants, modularity only provides a limited multi-role capability and flexibility, with much capability inherent to the core vessel, and they might be described as “conventional vessels with modular characteristics”. This paper reports on a study conducted at UCL into the possibility of maximising the modularity of a warship to allow both flexibility in role and infrastructure but also the ability to customise the mix of capabilities of the vessel in multi-role configurations. The concept is derived from the overall topology of container ships and conversions that have been carried out on those vessels, with a minimum “seaframe” or framework into which combinations of capabilities can be added.
About the location of the gardens cultivated by Joseph Quer in Madrid and, especially, the Botanical Garden of Migas Calientes
Authors: Velayos Guillermo , Garcia Esther , Velayos Mauricio
Published: January 2020

The Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid was founded in 1755 in the outskirts of the city, in the place known as Migas Calientes. Joseph Quer, its first Director, previously maintained three other additional gardens where he cultivated the plants that were later used in the final plantation of Migas Calientes. All those gardens disappeared and until now its location has been considered doubtful. In this article, based on historic documentation and cartography, we provide the precise location of the four aforementioned gardens.
A vida e a morte dos guaiamuns: antropologia nos limites dos manguezais
Authors: Silveira Pedro Castelo Branco , Buti Rafael Palermo
Published: January 2020

O artigo explora as malhas relacionais da coexistência dos caranguejos conhecidos como guaiamuns (Cardisoma guanhumi) com os grupos humanos que os capturam em manguezais do litoral nordeste do Brasil. Apresenta as fricções na produção de paisagens de manguezal, ligadas a empreendimentos poluidores eaos controles e ordenamentos estatais. A análise posiciona a pesca de guaiamuns em uma diversidade de situações caracterizadas pela noção de limite: guaiamuns na transição entre o mangue e áreas adjacentes, entre a terra e a água, e vazando os limites de áreas protegidas; a vida dos pescadores nos limites da economia informal e da visibilidade política, tendo o mangue como segurança; a situação-limite das condições futuras de existência dos manguezais, dos guaiamuns e dos seus pescadores; e por fim, os limites do Estado em lidar com a diversidade dos modos de existência com criatividade na política ambiental. Articulando tais limites, indicamos necessidade de se imaginarem novas estratégias de assegurar o bem-viver de coletivos multiespécies que conformam os ambientes litorâneos, relacionando tal necessidade com a reivindicação da regulamentação do que as organizações de pescadores têm denominado de territórios pesqueiros.
Caractérisation partielle de la régénération naturelle d’Albizia adianthifolia sur le plateau Batéké (République Démocratique du Congo)
Authors: Mukumary Simon Diowo , Proces Pierre , Dubiez Emilien , Marien Jean-Noël , Peltier Régis , Bellefontaine Ronald
Published: January 2020

En périphérie de la ville de Kinshasa (capitale de la République Démocratique du Congo), la pression anthropique croissante sur les écosystèmes forestiers périurbains menace la pérennité des biens et services qu’ils fournissent. L’agriculture sur brûlis, les feux de brousse et la production de bois-énergie en sont les principales causes. Dans neuf villages du plateau Batéké, le projet Makala (Projet européen de gestion durable de la ressource bois-énergie, 2009-2013) a accompagné plus de 180 agriculteurs dans la mise en œuvre de la régénération naturelle assistée. Dans l’objectif d’enrichir les jachères forestières, il a paru opportun d’étudier la composition du recrutement, notamment pour Albizia adianthifolia, légumineuse arborée locale à croissance rapide, utilisée pour la restauration de la fertilité des sols et la production de bois-énergie. Un inventaire des semis naturels et des rejets a été réalisé dans un premier temps. Il a été complété par un essai prospectif d’induction du drageonnage. Les observations montrent que les plants sont issus de rejets basaux et de drageons, les semis étant quasiment inexistants. L’impact majeur des pratiques agricoles et des feux de brousse est souligné. Ces facteurs doivent très probablement favoriser la régénération de cette espèce aux dépens d’autres n’ayant pas les mêmes capacités de multiplication végétative, en condition de jachères post-culturales.
Biomimétisme : outils pour une démarche écoinnovante en ingénierie
Authors: Terrier Philippe , Glaus Mathias , Raufflet Emmanuel
Published: January 2020

Faire en sorte que l’innovation en ingénierie contribue au développement de solutions en harmonie avec la capacité de support de l’environnement, voilà ce que propose le biomimétisme. Après la présentation générale du concept de biomimétisme, l’emphase sera portée sur les méthodes et outils de mise en œuvre concrète de la démarche biomimétique en ingénierie afin de faciliter son implantation dans le processus de génération d’idées et d’innovation. L’ensemble des méthodes proposées constitue une boîte à outils au service de l’écoinnovation. Nous retrouvons dans cette boîte de solutions, les démarches fondées sur la consultation de la base de données AskNature, l’utilisation de cartes de conception, les moteurs de recherche scrutant la littérature biologique ainsi que la méthode Biotriz qui seront présentés dans cet article. Les mises en garde devant accompagner l’opérationnalisation du processus de conception inspirée par la nature ainsi qu’une méthodologie pour la mise en œuvre de l’approche biomimétique en ingénierie seront également présentées.
Machine Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Jaiswal Garima , Sharma Arun , Sarup Reeti
Published: January 2020

Machine learning aims to give computers the ability to automatically learn from data. It can enable computers to make intelligent decisions by recognizing complex patterns from data. Through data mining, humongous amounts of data can be explored and analyzed to extract useful information and find interesting patterns. Classification, a supervised learning technique, can be beneficial in predicting class labels for test data by referring the already labeled classes from available training data set. In this chapter, educational data mining techniques are applied over a student dataset to analyze the multifarious factors causing alarmingly high number of dropouts. This work focuses on predicting students at risk of dropping out using five classification algorithms, namely, K-NN, naive Bayes, decision tree, random forest, and support vector machine. This can assist in improving pedagogical practices in order to enhance the performance of students predicted at risk of dropping out, thus reducing the dropout rates in higher education.
Deep Learning Approaches for Textual Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Sharma Tamanna , Bajaj Anu , Sangwan Om Prakash
Published: January 2020

Sentiment analysis is computational measurement of attitude, opinions, and emotions (like positive/negative) with the help of text mining and natural language processing of words and phrases. Incorporation of machine learning techniques with natural language processing helps in analysing and predicting the sentiments in more precise manner. But sometimes, machine learning techniques are incapable in predicting sentiments due to unavailability of labelled data. To overcome this problem, an advanced computational technique called deep learning comes into play. This chapter highlights latest studies regarding use of deep learning techniques like convolutional neural network, recurrent neural network, etc. in sentiment analysis.
Information Retrieval in Conjunction With Deep Learning
Authors: Bajaj Anu , Sharma Tamanna , Sangwan Om Prakash
Published: January 2020

Information is second level of abstraction after data and before knowledge. Information retrieval helps fill the gap between information and knowledge by storing, organizing, representing, maintaining, and disseminating information. Manual information retrieval leads to underutilization of resources, and it takes a long time to process, while machine learning techniques are implications of statistical models, which are flexible, adaptable, and fast to learn. Deep learning is the extension of machine learning with hierarchical levels of learning that make it suitable for complex tasks. Deep learning can be the best choice for information retrieval as it has numerous resources of information and large datasets for computation. In this chapter, the authors discuss applications of information retrieval with deep learning (e.g., web search by reducing the noise and collecting precise results, trend detection in social media analytics, anomaly detection in music datasets, and image retrieval).
Machine Learning in Text Analysis
Authors: Garg Neha , Sharma Kamlesh
Published: January 2020

This chapter provides a basic understanding of processes and models needed to investigate the data posted by users on social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. Often the databases of social networking sites are large and can't be handled using traditional methodology for analysis. Moreover, the data is posted in such a random manner that can't be used directly for the analysis purpose; therefore, a considerable preprocessing is needed to use that data and generate important results that can help in decision making for various areas like sentiment analysis, customer feedback, customer reviews for brand and product, prevention management, risk management, etc. Therefore, this chapter is discussing various aspects of text and its structure, various machine learning algorithms and their types, why machine learning is better for text analysis, the process of text analysis with the help of examples, issues associated with text analysis, and major application areas of text analysis.
Multi-Layer Hybrid Credit Scoring Model Based on Feature Selection, Ensemble Learning, and Ensemble Classifier
Authors: Tripathi Diwakar , Shukla Alok Kumar , B. Ramchandra Reddy , Bopche Ghanshyam S.
Published: January 2020

Credit scoring is a process to calculate the risk associated with a credit product, and it directly affects the profitability of that industry. Periodically, financial institutions apply credit scoring in various steps. The main focus of this study is to improve the predictive performance of the credit scoring model. To improve the predictive performance of the model, this study proposes a multi-layer hybrid credit scoring model. The first stage concerns pre-processing, which includes treatment for missing values, data-transformation, and reduction of irrelevant and noisy features because they may affect predictive performance of model. The second stage applies various ensemble learning approaches such as Bagging, Adaboost, etc. At the last layer, it applies ensemble classifiers approach, which combines three heterogeneous classifiers, namely: random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and sequential minimal optimization (SMO) approaches for classification. Further, the proposed multi-layer model is validated on various real-world credit scoring datasets.
Software Effort Estimation for Successful Software Application Development
Authors: Saif Syed Mohsin
Published: January 2020

The recent advancements in information and communication technology (ICT) have inspired all the operational domains of both public and private sector enterprise to endorse this technology. Software development plays a crucial role in supporting ICT. Software effort estimation serves as a critical factor in software application development, and it helps application development teams to complete the development process on time and within budget. Many developmental approaches have been used for software effort estimation, but most of them were conventional software methods and therefore failed to produce accurate results when it came to web or mobile effort estimation. This chapter explains different types of software applications, software estimation models, the importance of software effort estimation, and challenges faced in software effort estimation.
A Critical Investigation of Masculinity in Education
Authors: Davis Ian , Brömdal Annette
Published: January 2020

This chapter treats the concept of masculinit(ies) in two distinct ways. It offers a discussion relating to the notion of masculinit(ies) as a research foci. This construct is problematized by facing up to the methodological paradox of examining the unmarginalized subject and how that can increase in complexity when contextualized within an institutional setting such as education. The popular notion of hegemonic masculinity and the development of the term masculinit(ies) is unraveled to acknowledge the plural condition of how gender can be represented. What can be lost by a treatment of masculinity that relies on an overly sociological approach that is necessarily historical and localized is then briefly examined. By focusing on the research perspective and the common framing of masculinit(ies), a case study of Tom is used to highlight both the possibilities and also the restrictions of how gendered representation can be addressed within an institutionalized environment such as education.
School Leavers With Verified Disabilities
Authors: Stark Helena
Published: January 2020

Globally, young adult employment rates have declined in the 21st century. In Australia, youth from non-metropolitan areas have a lower engagement rate in employment than their metropolitan peers, despite one rarely hearing declarations from school leavers that they aim to be unemployed and never work. This chapter investigates transition outcomes for young adults from a non-metropolitan area through a small retrospective study. The purpose is to identify influences that may impact youth engagement in employment or training for school leavers in a small town, and that may be dissimilar from influences affecting their metropolitan counterparts. Research also focuses on the influences affecting transition to employment for school leavers with verified disabilities in non-metropolitan areas and what barriers they experience to accessing employment or study.
Effect of Initial Residual Stress on Machining Deformation of a Casing Part
Authors: Li Bian Hong , Zhou Wen Bing , Deng Hong Bin , Gao Han Jun
Published: January 2020

Initial residual stress of blank is the main cause for the workpiece machining deformation. Based on the simplified equivalent model and the finite element analysis method, the effects of initial residual stress in bidirectional, axial direction and tangential direction on the deformation of an aluminum alloy conical case were studied respectively. The deformations of case were judged by flatness and roundness error of the end face of the case. From the results, it can be seen that the influence of the initial axial residual stress on the roundness error of the end face is greater than that of the radial residual stress; among all the errors, the roundness error of the large end face is much larger than that of other errors. It is shown that the roundness error of the large end face and the initial axial residual stress of the workpiece are the most important issues to be controlled in actual machining process. This conclusion has certain guiding significance for practical application.
Fabrication on a Recycled and Wide-Band Absorber by 3D Printing
Authors: Xu Yong Gang , Zheng Dian Liang , Wang Bo , Liu Ting , Zhou Li
Published: January 2020

A recycled novel hollow pyramid absorbing structure added the carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) and FeSiAl was fabricated in the 3D printing process. The printed wires added the CIPs in the printer were made by the extruder. The electromagnetic parameters of the printed wires were measured in the vector network analyzer. The density of the composite could be controlled by setting the filling ratio in the printing process. The permittivity and permeability of the hollow composite were derived and then the reflection loss of the composite could be simulated. The results showed the pyramid absorbing material had the good absorbing property, and as the FeSiAl plate was the substrate the absorbing property in the low frequency 2-4GHz could be improved while the absorbing property in the high frequency 4-18GHz was better. The frequency band (RL<-10 dB) could be widened to 2.7-18 GHz with filling ratio 70% and the density could be decreased from 4.24 g/cm2 to 3.08 g/cm2, the total thickness of the pyramid was only 59.71mm.
Effects of Material Emissivity on the Radiative Characteristics of Solid Surface
Authors: Zhou Yue , Duan Ran , Zhu Xi Juan , Ma Jing , Li Xia
Published: January 2020

Radiation leaving the solid surface provides an important reference for detection in both military and civilian areas. In this paper, total radiation leaving a solid plate is calculated with different emissivities considering the environment radiation. The results prove that a lower emissivity of the surface material has a stronger reflection of irradiance from the Sun, and therefore may enhance the total radiation leaving the plate. This is different from most cases where a lower emissivity always leads to a smaller radiation effects. The emissivity of material coated to the solid surface should be properly chosen according to the detailed surrounding environment as well as the radiative properties of the solid parts in order to achieve a minimum radiation effects.
A Simplified Approach to the Failure Probability Assessment of Thermally Stable Diamond Composite Rock Cutting Tips
Authors: Sun Yong , Li Xing Sheng , Guo Hua
Published: January 2020

Thermally Stable Diamond Composite (TSDC) has high thermal stability and high wear resistance, and hence is potential to be used as cutting tips for hard rock cutting. Understanding the failure behavior of the TSDC tips during practical rock cutting is a key to enable the TSDC cutting tips to be applied successfully in mining and construction industries. Previous research has shown that the character of random failures due to excessive bending force on TSDC tips is of a major concern, and an approach to estimation of the failure probability of TSDC tips for cutting a rock segment has been developed. However, this approach requires the acquisition of the total cutting length of rock by a tip since it is brand new to it is failed, which can limit the application of the approach. In this paper, a simplified approach is proposed and compared with the existing approach through a numerical case study.
Research on Microstructure and Hardness of Laser Cladding Using the Mixed Powder of Nano-TiC and Ni-Based Alloy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Feng Qiu Hong , Zhang Wei Zhong
Published: January 2020

Aiming at the problem of poor high-temperature wear-resistance of rope clamp used in super-high speed elevators, the experiments of laser cladding to prepare carbide reinforced composite coating were made. nanoTiC powder, Ni-based alloy powder were used as cladding material. The microstructure and hardness of composite coating were tested by relevant equipments. The research results show that the composite coating is made up of TiC, Cr3C2, Fe3C and Fe-Ni-Cr-C HYPERLINK "javascript:void (0);" solid solution. When the content of TiC is 10%, 30%, the morphology of TiC is presented as dendrite-like and the morphology of HYPERLINK "javascript:void (0);" solid solution is presented as cellular-like. When the content of TiC is 50%, the morphology of TiC is presented as block-like, lath-like. There are some microcracks on grain boundaries. At the content of 30%, laser power 1.5KW, scanning speed 600mm/min, the laser cladding has no crack and hole. The average hardness of composite coating is 701HV0.2. Using this technology to the surface strengthening of elevator parts, the wear resistance and service life can be greatly improved.
Predictors of chronic kidney disease in obstructive sleep apnea patients
Authors: Somkearti Phunphai , Chattakul Paiboon , Khamsai Sittichai , Limpawattana Panita , Chindaprasirt Jarin , Chotmongkol Verajit , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It may worsen renal function in CKD patients and is associated with uncontrolled blood pressure. Although OSA is found in up to 80% of CKD patients, there are limited data available on its clinical features in patients with and without CKD. Objective: This study aimed to identify the differences in the clinical characteristics of OSA between CKD and non-CKD OSA patients and determine the clinical predictors for CKD in OSA patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Khon Kaen University's Srinagarind Hospital in Thailand between July and December 2018. The inclusion criteria were diagnosis with OSA via polysomnography and having undergone laboratory tests for CKD. Obstructive sleep apnea is diagnosed according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) as experiencing >5 events/hour, while CKD diagnosed based on the KDOQI guidelines. Eligible patients were divided into two groups: OSA with CKD and OSA without CKD. Predictors of CKD in OSA patients were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: During the study period, there were 178 OSA patients who met the study criteria, 88 (49.44%) of whom were in the OSA with CKD group. Both age and body mass index were comparable between OSA patients with CKD and those without (age: 59 and 57 years, respectively; body mass index: 30 and 29 kg/m2, respectively. There were three significant factors that differed between those with and without CKD group including systolic blood pressure (147 vs 135 mmHg), proportion of patients with diabetes (55% vs 34%), and proportion of patients with Mallampati scores of 3-4 (73% vs 39%). There were three independent predictors for OSA in patients with CKD: female sex, high systolic blood pressure, and Mallampati score of 3 or 4, with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 4.624 (1.554, 13.757), 1.060 (1.020, 1.101), and 2.816 (1.356, 5.849), respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow chi square statistic of the predictive model was 6.06 (p 0.640). Systolic blood pressure of more than 130 and 150 mmHg resulted in sensitivity of 84.21% and specificity of 81.40%, respectively.

Conclusions: Female sex, high systolic blood pressure, and Mallampati score of 3-4 were suggestive of OSA with CKD. Obstructive sleep apnea patients with one or more of these predictors may have a high risk of CKD.