bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assemblée générale du 14 mars 2020
Authors: Candar Gilles , Jousse Emmanuel , Fontaine Marion , Kermoal Benoît , Cépède Frédéric
Published: August 2020

Cet article contient le compte rendu de l’Assemblée général de la Socié- té d’études jaurésiennes (rapport moral et rapport financier).
A GÊNESE DAS PEQUENAS CIDADES DA REDE URBANA DE OURINHOS-SP DURANTE A PRIMEIRA METADE DO SÉCULO XX
Authors: Miranda Ferreira Dias Franciele
Published: August 2020

O trabalho refere-se à da pesquisa de doutoramento da presente autora e foi originalmente apresentado no IX Simpósio Paranaense de Geografia, sendo o presente texto, resultado das contribuições obtidas na ocasião da apresentação do mesmo. Também foram incorporadas reflexões acerca dos últimos levantamentos de campo relativos à conclusão da tese da autora, efetuados em dezembro de 2018. A pesquisa citada tem como recorte geográfico as pequenas cidades da rede urbana de Ourinhos-SP, sendo a gênese dessas cidades, um dos aspectos relativos à temática. O objetivo do trabalho é discutir a gênese das cidades da rede urbana de Ourinhos (SP)quanto ao papel que as mesmas desempenham nesse recorte geográfico. Utiliza-se a primeira edição do Região de Influência das Cidades (IBGE, 1972) a fim de auxiliar a compreensão da rede urbana no período citado, relacionando à análise de dados secundários e às bibliografias pertinentes ao tema. Concluiu-se que, no período analisado, a rede urbana de Ourinhos ainda era fortemente atrelada às atividades rurais e as pequenas cidades desempenhavam papel importante na rede urbana, pois supriam a demanda quanto às atividades rurais, pautadas principalmente na monocultura cafeeira.
DINÂMICA ESPACIAL DA INDÚSTRIA FARMACÊUTICA: DESENVOLVIMENTO E PARTICIPAÇÃO DOS ESTADOS ATÉ ANOS 1990
Authors: Halas Geizibel Julia , Dos Santos Sampaio Fernando
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a dinâmica espacial da indústria farmacêutica, tomando como base sua gênese e seu desenvolvimento.  Fez-se um recorte do início da farmacologia até o século XX evidenciando a importância do setor para a economia e sociedade mundial. A metodologia utilizada foi a revisão bibliográfica com bases em dados estatísticos e relatórios da Organização Mundial da Saúde, da Anvisa, das indústrias farmacêuticas e demais órgãos reguladores oficiais. A Indústria Farmacêutica tem como propulsor de seu desenvolvimento a inovação, a participação do Estado e a P&D (Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento). As estratégias usadas desde o fim do século XIX como os pesados investimentos em P&D, o uso do marketing, as fusões, e a formação de monopólio, proporcionaram à indústria aumentar sua lucratividade. O dinamismo inovativo das décadas de 50 a 70 proporcionaram elevados lucros à indústria e ao longo dos anos 80 e 90 as fusões de grandes laboratórios ocorreram concomitantemente ao fechamento de empresas pequenas e médias, pois estas não conseguiram concorrer com as grandes indústrias e seus processos de inovação. A partir dessas características, a expansão territorial dessas empresas faz com que os grandes oligopólios globais do setor estejam presentes em praticamente todas as áreas do mundo, controlando o abastecimento de remédios de amplas camadas da população.
A Shared TCR Bias toward an Immunogenic EBV Epitope Dominates in HLA-B*07:02–Expressing Individuals
Authors: Rowntree Louise C. , Nguyen Thi H. O. , Farenc Carine , Halim Hanim , Hensen Luca , Rossjohn Jamie , Kotsimbos Tom C. , Purcell Anthony W. , Kedzierska Katherine , Gras Stephanie , Mifsud Nicole A.
Published: August 2020

EBV is one of the most common viruses found in humans and is prototypic of a persistent viral infection characterized by periods of latency. Across many HLA class I molecules, the latent-specific CD8+ T cell response is focused on epitopes derived from the EBNA-3 protein family. In the case of HLA-B*07:02 restriction, a highly frequent class I allele, the T cell response is dominated by an epitope spanning residues 379–387 of EBNA-3 (RPPIFIRRL [EBVRPP]). However, little is known about either the TCR repertoire specific for this epitope or the molecular basis for this observed immunodominance. The EBVRPP CD8+ T cell response was common among both EBV-seropositive HLA-B*07:02+ healthy and immunocompromised individuals. Similar TCRs were identified in EBVRPP–specific CD8+ T cell repertoires across multiple HLA-B7+ individuals, indicating a shared Ag-driven bias in TCR usage. In particular, TRBV4-1 and TRAV38 usage was observed in five out of six individuals studied. In this study, we report the crystal structure of a TRBV4-1+ TCR–HLA-B*07:02/EBVRPP complex, which provides a molecular basis for the observed TRBV4-1 bias. These findings enhance our understanding of the CD8+ T cell response toward a common EBV determinant in HLA-B*07:02+ individuals.
Preliminary data on the antimicrobial effect of Cannabis sativa L. variety Futura 75 against food-borne pathogens in vitro as well as against naturally occurring microbial populations on minced meat during storage
Authors: Pasquali Frédérique , Schinzari Marco , Lucchi Alex , Mandrioli Mara , Toschi Tullia Gallina , De Cesare Alessandra , Manfreda Gerardo
Published: August 2020

In the present study, the antimicrobial effect of Cannabis sativa Futura 75 was evaluated both in vitro against foodborne bacterial pathogens, and on food against naturally occurring microbial groups of minced meat stored for 8 days at 4°C. Ethanol extraction was performed on the grind of the inflorescence. After extraction, ethanol was completely evaporated and substituted by water. Serial dilutions of the extract, the grind and cannabidiol 99% were added to Nutrient Agar and spotted with Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Regarding the evaluation on food, 50 mL of extract, characterised by CBD at concentration of 322,70 μg/mL, were added to 2.5 kg of minced beef meat. Meat was divided into aliquots and stored for 8 days at 4°C. At 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 days, aerobic bacteria, enterobacteria, coliforms and E. coli were enumerated. All tested products were efficient against Gram +. In particular, extract corresponding to CBD concentration of 0.017 and 0.3 mg/mL were effective against L. monocytogenes and Staphylococcus spp. respectively. After 8 days of storage at 4°C, treated minced meat showed a bright red colour in comparison to a brownish control meat. Moreover, Enterobacteriaceae and coliforms were significantly reduced of 2.3 log CFU/g and 1.6 log CFU/g respectively in treated meat in comparison to the control. Although preliminary, the present study suggests the antimicrobial properties of the extract of Cannabis sativa both in vitro and in minced meat.
Risks and critical issues related to the discovery on the market of unauthorized live alien species on the Italian territory: Chinese crab (Eriocheir sinensis)
Authors: Sessa Federica Maria , Cianti Luca , Brogelli Nicola , Tinacci Lara , Guidi Alessandra
Published: August 2020

Eriocheir sinensis, Chinese Crab or Chinese Mitten Crab is a catadromous species belonging to the Varunidae family, native to river and estuarine areas of North and South East China and Korea. At European level, E. sinensis is widespread in the main water basins of Central and Northern Europe and, since 2016, it has been included in the list of invasive species important for the European  Union and subjected to confinement and eradication measures which include the prohibition of collection, transit and placing on the market of live specimens (Regulation (EC) N° 1143/2014). The Chinese Crab can represent a significant danger for the local ecosystem and for the native biota as well as contributing to the appearance of hydrogeological instability phenomena resulting from the intense excavation and erosion of the riverbanks.The first finding of 5 kg of live specimens of Eriocheir sinensis was recorded in the official control by the UFS (Functional Simple Unit) veterinary public health and food safety of the “ASL Toscana centro” at an ethnic catering establishment. The specimens were subjected to seizure, photographed, identified morphologically, and subjected to euthanasia and destruction in accordance with the European requirements for welfare and management of animal by-products.From the sanitary point of view, the dangers associated with the consumption of this crab are mainly biological and chemical therefore, risk communication is fundamental, not only at the level of the competent authorities in the sector, but also for the food business operators.
Cardiac Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Banerji Ishita
Published: August 2020

A 52-year-old female presented with features suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. A transthoracic echocardiogram done to assess the cardiac function and regional wall motion abnormality revealed a large cardiac cystic lesion instead, in the apical part of the interventricular septum, suggestive of a hydatid cyst. Cystic hydatid disease results from infection with the larval or adult form of the Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. Cardiac hydatid cyst is a rare condition seen in 0.5%–2% of patients with hydatid disease, and the location of a hydatid cyst in the interventricular septum is exceptional. Cardiac hydatid cysts can rupture and cause cardiac tamponade, fatal arrhythmias, or systemic infection. The atypical location of a large hydatid cyst in the apical interventricular septum encroaching into the right ventricular cavity filling almost half of it, was an interesting finding, found worth reporting. Also, further investigations that unraveled two more hydatid cysts in the liver, made the case more interesting to report.
Significance of Tissue Doppler Echocardiography-Based Dispersion Index of Myocardial Velocities in the Differentiation of Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Novel Echocardiographic Parameter
Authors: Sandeep Narra , Naidu Otikunta Adikesava , Srinivas Ravi , Praveen Nagula , Reddy Parvathareddy Krishna Malakonda
Published: August 2020

Background:

Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) echocardiography, an objective method for the quantification of left ventricular (LV) function, can detect subtle alterations in contractility both in rest and stress echocardiography.

Aim:

The study aims were to (1) compare TDI parameters in patients with heart failure (HF) of ischemic and nonischemic etiology, (2) to differentiate both subsets based on velocity dispersion index (VDI) at mitral valve, and (3) to identify parameters that help in identifying the ischemic etiology of HF.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with symptomatic HF (NYHA class ≥II; LV ejection fraction <40%) were included in the study. Patients with aortic and mitral valve diseases, prosthetic valves, and cor pulmonale were excluded from the study. All patients underwent coronary angiography after stabilization. A total of 100 patients admitted between May 2017 and October 2018 were enrolled.

Results:

The mean age of presentation was earlier in nonischemic group compared to that of ischemic group of HF (43.4 ± 10.91 vs. 54.06 ± 10.40; P= 0.001). No significant differences in the mitral inflow velocities by conventional Doppler were found. The mean mitral TDI velocities were lower in the nonischemic group compared to those of the ischemic group. Systolic VDI, V s' >25.40 (sensitivity 91.7% and specificity 100%), and diastolic VDI, V e' >17.35 (sensitivity 86.7% and specificity 87.5%), were associated with the probability of diagnosing the ischemic cause of HF.

Conclusions:

VDIs help in the differentiation of ischemic and nonischemic etiologies of HF compared to the conventional echocardiography.
Role of Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in Cardiac Surgical Emergencies Like Left Ventricular Puncture
Authors: Choudhari Mangesh Sudhakar , Pohekar Pankaj Haridas
Published: August 2020

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is the application of emergency ultrasonography at the place of patient care to make immediate patient care decisions. POCUS has an important role to play in emergency medical departments because POCUS can shorten time between the onset of symptoms and definitive treatment. Chest tube drain insertion is a simple procedure and routinely practiced. Left ventricular (LV) puncture due to chest drain is a lethal complication of chest tube placement. Early diagnosis and management is essential to save the patient. This case highlights the role of emergency echocardiography in managing LV puncture due to misplaced chest drain and its advantages over contrast-enhanced computerized tomographic scanning. In this case, POCUS helped in finding quick answers to clinical doubts and helped in the management of emergent conditions.
Measurement of Aortic Root Dimensions by Transthoracic Echocardiogram in Normal Indian Population
Authors: Venkatesan S. , Kumar G. Prathap , Nenwani Deepak , Swaminathan N. , Shankar G. Ravi , Paul G. Justin
Published: August 2020

Background:

Aortic root dimension varies on the basis of age, body surface area, ethnicity, and in pathological states such as bicuspid aortic valve and connective tissue disorders.

Aim:

This observational study has been done to determine aortic root dimension in normal Indian population. In this study, aortic root dimensions were measured by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography in parasternal long axis (PLAX) view by inner edge to inner edge method.

Materials and Methods:

Clinically normal Indian population was prospectively recruited. All participants were asymptomatic. All echocardiographic measurements were done twice and image acquired by single observer on the same machine. Aortic root dimensions measurements were done with 2D echo in PLAX view at 4-level aortic annulus, sinus of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and proximal ascending aorta.

Results:

Aortic annulus does not show any significant correlation with age. Age parameter shows a significant correlation with the ascending aorta and sinus, sino-tubular (ST) junction. Weight parameter shows a significant correlation with annulus, sinus, and ST junction. Height parameter shows a significant correlation with all aortic dimensions.

Conclusion:

Indian patient has different body surface area than the Western population; therefore, there is a need of standard normal aortogram dimension for normal Indian population.
Thermal Analysis of Clutch Assembly Using Co-Simulation Approach
Authors: Santra Tanmay Sushant , Gopinathan Nagarajan , Raju Kumar , Sugumar Ganesh , Paradarami Udaya , Vellandi Vikraman
Published: August 2020

Automotive clutches are rotary components which transmits the torque from the engine to the transmission. During the engagement, due to the difference in speed of the shafts the friction lining initially slips until it makes a complete engagement. Enormous amount of heat is generated due to the slippage of the friction lining, leading to poor shift quality and clutch failure. Depending on the road & traffic conditions, and frequency of engagement and disengagement of the clutch, it generates transient heating and cooling cycles.

Hill fade test with maximum GVW conditions being the worst case scenario for the clutch. A test was conducted to understand the performance of the clutch, in which clutch burning was observed. The clutch lining got blackened and burning smell was perceived. The friction coefficient drops sharply to a point until it cannot transmit the torque required to encounter the slope. This further worsen clutch slippage and lead to more severe temperature rise. The major reason attributed to the burning was inefficient cooling and less thickness of the flywheel & pressure plate. To address this issue transient CFD simulation is performed. Co-simulation methodology is applied to study how the solid temperature influences the air temperature at different time interval of the cycle. The temperature & convective heat transfer co-efficient data exchange happens across the domains after a fixed time interval mentioned in simulation. The heat generated in the solid components are mapped to the air and cooling effect of the fresh air from the ventilation holes are mapped on the solid. To replicate the exact test scenario varying launch energy, convective heat transfer coefficient and rpm is applied on the frictional discs as compared to the conventional steady state simulation approach where constant heat is applied on the frictional disc neglecting the cyclic variation of heating and cooling.

A physical test on vehicle was conducted for hill fade condition by inserting the thermocouples in the clutch housing close to the friction lining to measure the air temperature. The measured air temperature shows good trend of correlation with the predicted temperature.
Simulation of the Performance of Solar Driven Thermoelectric Based Rotary Desiccant Wheel HVAC System
Authors: Muthu Selvaraji , N Sekarapandian
Published: August 2020

In the automotive applications, the main functionality of the HVAC system includes heating, ventilation, and cooling or air-conditioning of the vehicle to achieve the desired indoor thermal comfort. In the current scenario, the conventional vapor compression based HVAC system is widely used. The typical refrigerants used to operate this equipment include HFCs and HFOs which are susceptible to cause an environmental hazard. This article aims to assess the performance of a hypothetical solar-driven thermoelectric based rotary desiccant wheel HVAC system (D-HVAC) to be used for automotive applications. The D-HVAC system uses the desiccant wheel to remove the latent heat, energy wheel to remove the sensible heat, evaporating coolers to achieve further cooling, the regeneration of the desiccant wheel by hot air and water as the refrigerant. In the case of a solar-driven-DHVAC system, solar energy is utilized for the regeneration of the desiccant wheel in place of hot air. However, the intensity of incident solar energy varies throughout the day. To compensate for this energy fluctuation an additional thermoelectric system (Peltier device) can be added to achieve the optimum regeneration of the desiccant wheel. The Peltier device avails the advantage to simultaneously heat the regeneration air and cool the process air to achieve the highest cooling coefficient of performance (COP) of the solar-driven D-HVAC system. The usage of PV cells to produce the required electricity to operate the blowers (for process air and regeneration air) and motor of the rotary desiccant wheel and TEC. Overall, through numerical simulation, the increment in the COP of the solar-driven thermoelectric based rotary desiccant wheel HVAC system in comparison with the simple D-HVAC system and conventional vapor compression based HVAC system are investigated.
Optimization of bio-succinic fermentation process from crude glycerol by Actinobacillus succinogenes
Authors: Kanchanasuta Suwimon , Champreda Verawat , Pisutpaisal Nipon , Singhakant Chatchawal
Published: August 2020

Bio-succinic acid is a commodity chemical with potent application in bioplastic and food industries which can be produced from renewable resources. In this study, bioprocess for production of bio-succinic from glycerol by Actinobacillus succinogenes was studied. The maximum succinic acid concentration in small-scale serum bottle experiments was 6.8 and 6.5 g/L using pure and crude glycerol, respectively, with supplemented MgCO3. The ratio of acetic acid to succinic acid (AA/SA) implied the increased carbon flux to the C4 pathway using crude glycerol supplemented with MgCO3 compared to that with CaCO3.The carbonate salts tended to induce C3 metabolic pathway in fermentation using pure glycerol which was in accordance with the ratio of acetic acid to glycerol (AA/GL). The highest succinic acid concentration of 17.9 g/L from crude glycerol was achieved from batch fermentation in a lab-scale fermenter with the maximum glycerol utilization of 99.9% which were higher than those obtained from fed- batch and semi-continuous processes. Acetic acid tended to increase throughout the fermentation process in fed-batch and semi-continuous operations, which resulted in the lower product yield and substrate utilization efficiency. The time for initial purging of CO2 showed effects on succinic acid production and internal metabolic pathways. This work provided a basis for process development on bio-succinic acid production from crude glycerol in industry.
Biopolítica, previdência e desigualdade: uma análise das propostas de alteração no sistema de seguridade social brasileiro
Authors: Correa Laura Henrique , Ribeiro Wesllay Carlos
Published: August 2020

Os principais argumentos favoráveis à reforma previdenciária são o   crescimento da expectativa de vida e a diminuição da população economicamente ativa. Com o objetivo de apontar os possíveis efeitos da alteração no sistema de seguridade, foi proposta uma reflexão biopolítica, através de um recorte do crescimento da população e das desigualdades expressas por região. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise descritiva, com coleta de dados secundários apresentados por órgãos oficiais: IBGE, IPEA e o Ministério da Fazenda. Ao final observa-se o impulso: à desigualdade, à migração de custos da previdência para a saúde, o prejuízo econômico a longo prazo e o delineamento de justificativas para a retirada de outros direitos sociais.
Política de cotas raciais no ensino superior: perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Souza Maciana de Freitas e , Junior Francisco Vieira de Souza , Dos Santos Silva Aylana Paula , Alencar Francisca Ilania de
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como se configura a adoção das cotas nas universidades públicas brasileiras e a atuação do Estado nesse processo.  A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com base em leis referentes à política de educação. Conclui-se que a Lei federal 12.711/2012 representou um avanço significativo no acesso da população negra ao ensino superior. Entretanto, a política de assistência estudantil precisa ser aperfeiçoada com vistas a garantir a permanência dos alunos negros cotistas nas universidades.
Reconexão, identidade e memória: processo de construção e materialização da memória do Brás
Authors: Longo Parsekian Marina
Published: August 2020

No presente artigo relato meu processo de pesquisa, iniciado a partir da realização de um trabalho para uma disciplina optativa intitulada Espaço Urbano, da Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade Mackenzie, no qual foi discutida a precariedade dos espaços públicos próximos às antigas áreas industriais do bairro do Brás, na cidade de São Paulo. Tal temática está sendo retomada e mais aprofundada no meu presente trabalho de conclusão de curso, intitulado “Percurso no Brás: reconexão, identidade e memória”, em que discuto a desconexão da população que reside na região em relação a um importante equipamento público que fez parte da formação da história do bairro: o Museu da Imigração. Procuro neste relato retratar como minha pesquisa transformou-se em uma intervenção projetual arquitetônica para a região, e como se deu o processo de construção do meu objeto de estudo do trabalho final de graduação.
O perfil dos sujeitos sociais que compõem as redes de reciclagem do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Cruz Uilmer Rodrigues Xavier da
Published: August 2020

A construção da identidade é fruto das relações entre os indivíduos e os espaços, compondo uma dinâmica que está em contínua construção. Dessa forma, os sujeitos sociais possuem características que resultam de suas relações com os espaços e da soma das escalas imbricadas e estabelecidas em seus múltiplos relacionamentos e de diversas maneiras. Diante disso, demarca-se o propósito deste artigo: promover uma compreensão geográfica acerca de sujeitos sociais e redes e, mais especificamente, de sujeitos relacionados à Rede de Reciclagem do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (RRERJ) sobre os modos pelos quais compõem suas relações. Assim, o objetivo, aqui, é compreender as relações de poder que existem nas atividades de reciclagem e catação, observando o espaço e a construção da identidade dos sujeitos que compõem a RRERJ e lhes traçando um perfil mais detalhado. Nesse seguimento, é possível inferir que a discussão deste artigo pode levar a uma análise das relações de trabalho e da exploração dos sujeitos que trabalham na reciclagem de resíduos recicláveis, fomentando uma melhor compreensão da organização desigual do espaço.
The Significance of Learning English in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Althobaiti Hamoud
Published: August 2020

English as an international language is the main means of communication worldwide. Many people strive to learn English language greatly, and this has contributed to the customization of international special curricula in English language. In Saudi Arabia, learning English is becoming highly important; as it has been introduced into the Saudi Secondary School classroom and curriculum from grade seven. This paper aims to outline the significance of developing English language learning for Saudi Arabia’s students and government.
A Structured Approach for Display of the Most Practical Theories in ELT
Authors: Mohammadi Sarab Maryam , Shahrokhi Mohsen , Tabatabaei Omid
Published: August 2020

A flowchart is just a diagrammatic approach to capturing and managing information. The present study investigates astructured approach to display some theoretical frameworks based on ‘Computational Cognitive Model’ by Dubey et al.(2008) and visual attention model proposed by Koch and Ullman (1985) and implemented by Itti, Koch and Neibur (1998).To this end, 10 practical theories are selected by the researcher to explain the sequence of steps followed by their framework.Since flowcharts may be used for diagnosing a malfunction or logic of solving a problem. This study can indicate thedifferent parts of the theories to troubleshoot the problems as well as quick reference to previous steps. The researcher tries toget an agreement on confirmation of combinatory theoretical diagram from the 7 faculty members in Ruskin university ofLondon. At the end of the statements, the exhibitive design of the practical theories selected in this study breaks complicatedprocesses down into a series of smaller, more manageable steps. This schematically design can boost students' interests muchbetter than text only and impart knowledge better since students can understand faster.
SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF THE NEMATOCIDAL ACTIVITY OF 1,2,4-TRIAZOLO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLES
Authors: Samvelyan M.A. , Ghochikyan T.V. , Yeganyan T.H. , Sarfraz M. , Jakob C.
Published: August 2020

The method has been developed for the preparation of ethyl esters of triazolo-substituted thioglycolic acid, basis on which the corresponding hydrazides, thiosemicarbazides and 1,2,4-triazolo-1,2,4-triazoles were synthesized by successive transformations. By the data of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis have been established the structures of obtained compounds. Biological studies have shown that triazolo-triazoles at concentrations of 50 and 100 μm/mL reduce the viability of nematodes Steinernema Feltiae by 10–40%.
INFLUENCE OF LOW DOSE GAMMA-IRRADIATION ON THE ELECTROKINETIC POTENTIAL OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS CELLULAR NUCLEI
Authors: Minasbekyan L.A. , Nerkararyan A.V. , Mikaelyan M.S. , Sadoyan R.R.
Published: August 2020

During ontogenesis, plants are exposed to various stress factors of biotic and abiotic nature. The nucleus and mitochondria are the most sensitive to ionizing radiation cell elements of all living organisms. The effect of ionizing radiation on the electrokinetic potential of isolated nuclei of wheat seedlings was studied, which allows us to judge the changes in the magnitude of the surface charge and its role in the functioning of the cellular nuclei. Changes were obtained in the values of the electrokinetic potential in isolated seedlings of irradiated seeds in a electric field. As a result of chain reactions, ionizing radiation changes the content of nuclear fractions, which in turn leads to a decrease in the surface charge and a decrease in the electromobility of nuclei.
THE BLOOM AND TOXICITY OF CYANOBACTERIA IN LAKE SEVAN
Authors: Hambaryan L.R. , Stepanyan L.G. , Mikaelyan M.V. , Gyurjyan Q.G.
Published: August 2020

Seasonal hydrochemical, hydrophysical, and phytoplankton studies were conducted in a littoral zone of Lake Sevan in 2019. It is known that in recent years widespread algal blooms were usually started from the littoral zone of Big Sevan, and then spread towards the pelagic zone of the lake. The bloom was mainly caused by species belonging to the genus Dolichospermum (previously Anabaena). Our study has revealed that the physical and chemical properties of water were changed as a result of algal bloom. Particularly, the transparency of water and concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased, while the concentrations of ammonium, nitrite and phosphate ions increased. For the first time, the presence of the toxins microcystin and anatoxin-a was recorded in the lake.
Development of the kit for diagnostics of COVID-19 by real time RT-PCR
Authors: Shuryaeva AK , Malova TV , Davydova EE , Savochkina YuA , Bogoslovskaya EV , Mintaev RR , Tsyganova GM , Shivlyagina EE , Ibragimova ASh , Nosova AO , Shipulin GA , Yudin SM
Published: August 2020

Late in December 2019, an outbreak of an unknown coronavirus, later identified as SARS-CoV- 2, emerged in the city of Wuhan, China. It causes a dangerous respiratory coronavirus disease in humans - COVID-19. Objective. To detect cases of the disease and prevent its spread across the Russian Federation it is necessary to create an effective diagnostic test system.
Material and methods. Based on the analysis of the alignment of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide sequences, primers and a probe for RT-PCR were selected, and the analysis conditions were optimized.
Results. The diagnostic system was developed and registered in the shortest possible time in real-time RT-PCR format for detecting SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus RNA in smears from the nasopharynx and oropharynx, sputum and feces. The high specificity of the system was verified on a representative set of viruses and microorganisms, the analytical sensitivity was 1x103 copies / ml in smears from the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx and oropharynx and sputum, 5x104 copies / ml in fecal samples. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity established during clinical trials on samples from patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection, from patients with a different etiology of a disease and clinically healthy people were to 100% (range 94.2-100% with a confidence level of 95%).
Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 effect on human body: unobvious pathogenetic links
Authors: Ushakov IB , Parfyonov AN , Bondarenko RA , Komarevtsev VN
Published: August 2020

The authors formulated a hypothesis about an important link in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, in which the increasing hypoxia and an acute response of the body like a general adaptation syndrome, accompanied by systemic pathological changes, including dangerous disorders of rheology and blood coagulation, play a key role.
COVID-19: extrapulmonary impairments (own data of infection hospital of FSBI FSSCC FMBA of Russia) and experience of use different profile specialists to working in hospitals
Authors: Abramov VG , Gaygolnik TV , Fetisov AO , Pinzhina VN , Osipova TM , Bezdenezhnykh AF , Morozov DN
Published: August 2020

The article dwells upon the identification of extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 using a time-saving, questionnaire specially designed by the authors to be filled out by the patients themselves.
Introduction: sets out the relevance of exploratory studies of extrapulmonary lesions of this disease, identifies the main links in the pathogenesis of extrapulmonary lesions, and theoretically identifies possible targets in the body. It also includes the data, available in the literature at present, on the causative agent COVID-19 and other coronaviruses. Potential targets (in addition to the lungs) can be the nervous, digestive, cardiovascular and urinary systems, and the skin.
Materials and methods: describe the questionnaire itself, its subdivision into domains, and include the data on the patient population.
Results and discussion section sets out the researchers' own data. The most common symptoms in patients are apathy and asthenia, febrile syndrome, and respiratory symptoms. Formally, lesions of the nervous and digestive systems, as well as cardiovascular events, are less common. However, with a slight change in the counting technique (including apathy, asthenia and headache into it), the prevalence of neurological manifestations approaches 97.75%, and becomes the first in occurrence frequency rating. Symptoms indicating involvement of kidneys and skin were significantly less common. On the one hand, with the appearance of more severe cases of the disease, this percentage should increase, and on the other hand, its identification by the method of questioning in more severe patients is less important, especially since the main vital indicators of such patients are monitored.
Сonclusions: the authors outline directions for further search activity (confirmation of the data obtained by the results of laboratory and instrumental examinations, studying the connection to the therapy) and medical care organization for patients with COVID-19 (including particular specialists in the teams of infectious hospitals during the rise in the incidence and transition to counseling conducted by the specialists as the incidence subsides in the future).
Muslims and Political Allegories in Elkanah Settle’s The Heir of Morocco
Authors: Alnwairan Met'eb
Published: August 2020

Abstract

In this article, I argue that Elkanah Settle's strong engagement in the political debates of the Restoration period resulted in a tendency to implement more allegories and symbolism in his works. His early successes as a talented playwright enticed him to become more involved in pamphleteering and playwriting to support his political views. The article clarifies that the representations of Muslim characters in The Heir of Morocco were heavily influenced by the contemporary politics of Restoration England. Remarkably, the image of the Muslim character operated in the contemporary political scene, as it was employed by a Whig propagandist like Settle, to convey and code certain political sympathies. The article shows how this strategy enabled Settle to reach a wider range of spectators, evade government censorship, and even to be adopted by major royalist theatre companies like The King's Company.
Gaharu Alam, Jaringan Perdagangan, dan Gaharu Budidaya: Studi Kasus Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Hidayat Herman , Siburian Robert , Indah Yuliana Citra
Published: August 2020

Study of natural agarwood products, agarwood trading network from village into province and cultivation of Agarwood by local community was carried out in July 2018 in East Kalimantan province. The findings of field work showed that agarwood is one commodity of non-timber products has high economic value which including of Appendix II CITES. Trading of agarwood is one of primary incomes for agarwood traders in province level, district, agarwood collector in sub-districts and seekers of agarwood from NTB (Nusa Tenggara Barat) migrant workers, Java and Bugise tribe. Besides, from viewpoint of tax incomes for government is relatively high. In 2010 the natural agarwood derived from natural forest was lack of outcomes due to forest products area was made forest conversion for estate plantation (palm oil), forestry sector (HPH/HTI) and mining sector. From this point, the shortage of natural agarwood from forest should be shifted by cultivation of agarwood carried out by group of farmer association as solution. As a result, the role of local government for instance Forestry Agency in province Level, Bappeda (Planning Agency in Province Level), Governor, and Local Parliament in Province Level should officially adopted that Agarwood commodity one of among commodities to enter in RPJMD (Leading Commodity Planning for Province) for 2020-2025. The methodology of research is applied for “political ecology” which emphasized actors movement (the role of local government, academics, NGOs, local people), participation observation, FGD (Forum Group Discussion) for active parties, and interview of informant.
Políticas Públicas para a Educação Intercultural de Roraima: um Estudo sobre as Mediações Necessárias
Authors: Araújo Graciete dos Santos , Almeida Marquiza Castro de , Spotti Carmem Véra Nunes
Published: August 2020

O artigo discute sobre a implementação de políticas públicas no Estado de Roraima na perspectiva da educação intercultural, tanto em relação a sua formação social quanto frente à maciça imigração de estrangeiros e migração indígena. Tem como objetivo a compreensão da criação de políticas para a inclusão dos grupos socioculturais que estão inseridos no espaço escolar de Roraima. O movimento migratório é um aspecto presente na globalização, levado por vários fatores, sejam econômicos, políticos ou sociais. Esta pesquisa é documental e bibliográfica e, tem como aporte os estudos de Boaventura (2006) e Carnoy (2003), entre outros, que tratam dos direitos humanos para uma educação intercultural. Políticas públicas precisam ser implantadas, afim de que seja ofertado um ensino que contribua para a prática pedagógica libertadora. Portanto, o desafio é conceber projetos coletivos que preservem e garantam o direito, reconhecendo as diferenças e culturas dos alunos, um desafio para a educação Roraimense.
Equilíbrio Entre Vida Pessoal e Profissional: Um Estudo Com Docentes Universitários
Authors: Almeida de Oliveira Álvaro Vinícios , Azevedo Amorim Matheus , Pereira de Souza Matheus , De Moraes Moraes Ana Flávia
Published: August 2020

Um dos maiores desafios que qualquer profissional tem que vivenciar é ter que decidir se seus problemas particulares vêm acima do seu trabalho ou vice-versa. Hoje em dia, graças à gestão de pessoas, é possível perceber que as organizações começaram a se preocupar não somente com seu próprio bem-estar, mas também com o de seus colaboradores. Levando em conta que o docente não somente cuida dos seus interesses e os das empresas, mas também dos alunos, é necessário um estudo sobre a relação desses profissionais com vários aspectos do cotidiano normal e o de dentro da própria instituição em que trabalham. Esse artigo teve tem como principal objetivo analisar os desafios para o equilíbrio entre a vida pessoal e profissional dos docentes atuantes no departamento de Administração da Faculdade de Estudos Sociais da Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 9 docentes e as respostas obtidas foram analisadas tomando-se como base a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados identificaram a condição oscilante presente do equilíbrio que alterna entre distancias próximas e longínquas do estado balanceado, mas que nunca conseguem atingir um ponto completamente perfeito, assim como os vários desafios e dificuldades encontradas no lado pessoal e no lado profissional que tanto perturbam a balança no dia a dia, e por fim, três fatores essenciais para aproximar este equilíbrio o mais próximo possível do desejado.
Development of Video Education with Discipline-Based Material for Elementary School Students
Authors: Sofiyati Siti
Published: August 2020

This development aims to design, produce and test the validity of the product and to find out its effectiveness in the presentation of the subjects of citizenship education in fifth-grade elementary school in the form of video media. While the material in the development of video media is the subject of discipline, this study uses the ADDIE model development research design, which consists of stages (1) Analysis (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) implementation (5) Evaluation. This product development is continued with validation activities for material experts, media experts, and field audiences. To determine the effectiveness of the developed instructional media products, a trial phase of Garum students totals 25 people. Based on the results of the questionnaire. Thus it shows that this video media is effectively used in the teaching and learning process in improving student learning achievement.
Investigations on the Modifications in Ignition Delay Time of Shellac-based Pyrotechnic Igniter using Additives of Varying Particle Size
Authors: Bansal Lakshay , Jindal Prakhar , Bharti Manish Kumar
Published: August 2020

Modifications achieved in the ignition delay time of shellac-based pyrotechnic igniter using different additives of varying particle size are observed and compared. 40 different pyrotechnic compositions were prepared using five additives i.e. aluminium, magnesium, red iron oxide, naphthalene and activated carbon. Four particle sizes i.e. <75 µm, 75-150 µm, 150-300 µm, 300-600 µm and two weight percentages of the additives i.e. 3% and 5% were investigated. A base composition, without any additive, was also prepared to compare and investigate the effects of additives and their particle size on the ignition delay time of the composition. The incorporation of additives significantly reduced the ignition delay time of the base composition. Addition of 5% red iron oxide having a particle size of <75 µm, delivered the maximum decrement in ignition delay time i.e. by 49.7%. Naphthalene of particle size of <75 µm added as 3% in the composition weight, provided the minimum reduction in the ignition delay time i.e. by 13.7%. It was also observed that all of the additives exhibited a similar manner of decrement in ignition delay time as the particle size decreased, except for naphthalene which exhibited an opposite trend.
United States
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: August 2020

The U.S. is in the midst of an unprecedented social and economic shock. The longest expansion in U.S. history has been derailed by the unanticipated advent of COVID-19. To preserve lives and support public health, it was necessary to put in place a broad-based shutdown of the U.S. economy in March. Despite the gradual easing of state lockdown restrictions and lifting of stay-at-home orders starting in late April, the collateral economic damage has been enormous. First, and foremost, as of July 16, more than 136,000 Americans have tragically lost their lives and many more have become seriously ill. Almost fifteen million Americans have lost their jobs, many small and large businesses are under financial stress, and future prospects are highly uncertain. Reopening decisions will have to be handled carefully to mitigate the economic costs while containing the ongoing rise in COVID-19 infection rates. It will likely take a prolonged period to repair the economy and to return activity to pre-pandemic levels. All in all, globally there will be difficult months and years ahead and it is of particular concern that the number of COVID-19 cases in the U.S. is still rising.
The absorption Ångstrom exponent of black carbon with brown coatings: effects of aerosol microphysics and parameterization
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Mao Mao , Yin Yan , Tang Shihao
Published: August 2020

Abstract. The aerosol absorption Ångstrom exponent (AAE) is a crucial optical parameter for apportionment and characterization. Due to considerable inconsistences associated with observations, numerical research is a powerful means to give a better understanding of the AAE of aged black carbon (BC) aerosols. Numerical studies of the AAE of polydisperse BC
aggregates with brown coatings using the exact multiple-sphere T-matrix
method (MSTM) are performed. The objective of the study is to thoroughly
assess the AAE of coated BC influenced by their observation-based detailed
microphysics and then provide a new AAE parameterization for application. At odds with our expectations, more large-sized BC particles coated by thin
brown carbon can have an AAE smaller than 1.0, indicating that BC aerosols
internally mixing with brown carbon can even show lower AAE than pure BC
particles. The AAE of BC with brown coatings is highly sensitive to
the absorbing volume fraction of the coating, coated volume fraction of BC,
shell ∕ core ratio, and particle size distribution with a wide variation, whereas the impacts of BC geometry and BC position within the coating are negligible. The AAE of BC with brown coatings can be larger than 3.0 if there are plenty of small-sized coated BC particles, heavy coating, or a large amount of brown carbon. However, the AAE of BC with non-absorbing coating appears to be weakly sensitive to particle microphysics with values around 1.0 (i.e., 0.7–1.4), suggesting the substantial role of the absorbing volume fraction of the coating in AAE determination. With more realistic BC geometries, our study also indicates that the occurrence of brown carbon may not be confidently determined unless AAE > 1.4. The currently popular core–shell Mie model reasonably approximates the AAE of fully coated BC by brown carbon, whereas it underestimates the AAE of partially coated or externally attached BC and underestimates more for a lower coated volume fraction of BC. In addition, we present a parameterization of the AAE of coated BC with a size distribution on the basis of numerical results, which can act as a guide for the AAE response to the absorbing volume fraction of the coating, coated volume fraction of BC, and shell ∕ core ratio. The proposed parameterization of coated BC AAE generates a decent prediction for moderate BC microphysics, whereas caution should be taken in applying it for extreme cases, such as externally attached coated BC morphology. Our findings could improve the understanding and application of the AAE of BC with brown coatings.
Measurement report: Diurnal and temporal variations of sugar compounds in suburban aerosols from the northern vicinity of Beijing, China: An influence of biogenic and anthropogenic sources
Authors: Verma Santosh Kumar , Kawamura Kimitaka , Yang Fei , Fu Pingqing , Kanaya Yugo , Wang Zifa
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Sugar compounds (SCs) are major water-soluble constituents in atmospheric aerosols. In this study, we investigated their molecular compositions and abundances in the northern receptor site (Mangshan) of Beijing, China, to better understand the contributions from biogenic and anthropogenic sources using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique. The sampling site receives anthropogenic air mass transported by southerly winds from Beijing, while relatively clean air mass transported by northerly winds from the forest areas. Day- and nighttime variations were analyzed for anhydrosugars, primary sugars, and sugar alcohols in autumn 2007. Concentrations of overall SCs ranged from 30.8 to 875 ng m−3 (avg. 325 ng m−3), showing diurnal variations with higher levels in daytime (351 ng m−3) than nighttime (276 ng m−3). Interestingly, biomass burning (BB) tracers were more abundant in nighttime than daytime, while other SCs showed different diurnal variations. Levoglucosan was found as a dominant sugar among the observed SCs, indicating an intense influence of BB over Mangshan. The levels of fungal tracers (arabitol and mannitol) were higher in daytime than nighttime, suggesting a significant transport of fungal spores and microbes to the receptor site by atmospheric transport from Beijing area. The plant emissions from Mangshan forest park significantly control the diurnal variations of glucose and fructose. The pollen tracer (sucrose) showed a clear diurnal variation, peaking in daytime due to higher ambient temperature and wind speed. We found that soil dust contributes to trehalose in daytime while microorganisms were responsible to its emissions in nighttime. The meteorological parameters (relative humidity, temperature and rainfall) significantly affect the concentrations and diurnal variations of SCs. Positive matrix factorization analysis suggested that local BB and bioaerosols transported from Beijing area were significant sources of SCs. (289)