bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-infrared driven N2 fixation on ZnO–MXene (Ti3C2) heterostructures through pyroelectric catalysis
Authors: Wu Chunzheng , Lin Jingyuan , Xie Zhuojiong , Kai Xuan , Yu Xiao , Yan Zhenyu , Fang Jinwei , Chen Shanliang , Guo Jianzhong , Wang Wei , Peng Fengping
Published: December 2024

A ZnO–MXene heterostructure enables nitrogen fixation by alternating between near-infrared light and darkness, using pyroelectric and photothermal effects.
Hygromechanical deformation of wood cell walls regulated by the microfibril angle
Authors: Song RongZhuang , He ZeZhou , Li JiaHao , Hou YuanZhen , Wu HengAn , Zhu YinBo
Published: December 2024

Microfibril angle regulates wood cell wall deformation by influencing moisture diffusion, while hydrogen bonding competition between CNFs and hemicellulose directs water movement.
Centimeter-scale Gua3SbBr6 single crystals for white light-emitting diodes enabled by inhibition of multi-site nucleation
Authors: Dou Yongjiang , Liu Zirui , Huang Quanzhen , Shi Tiantian , Wang Sheng , Yang Xuyong
Published: December 2024

We presents a technique to grow large Gua3SbBr6 single crystal for WLEDs by adding zinc acetate, regulating crystal growth and light emission and enabling WLEDs with near-perfect white light, CRI of 89, and 48.6 lm/W efficiency.
The self-assembly of polyacrylic acid nanoparticles induced by non-covalent interactions enhances the response of molecular fluorescent probes to formaldehyde
Authors: Han Qingxin , Sun Ruyun , Wang Xuechuan , Ning Lulu , Chen Luming , Ling Xiaoling , Guan Xiaoyu
Published: December 2024

Advanced visual colorimetric reagents and paper sensors have been developed by constructing a fluorescent supramolecular polymer architecture PAA@NBHN, to meet the requirements of environmental monitoring.
Biochemical Society Science Communication Prize 2024
Authors: Ollett Lucy , Angell Heather
Published: December 2024

For the past 13 years, the Biochemical Society has looked to identify and celebrate outstanding science communication by young people, with an annual Science Communication Prize. This year, we were looking for creative and engaging entries aimed at the general public with the competition open to students studying in Further Education and Higher Education.
Intraoperative patient‐specific volumetric reconstruction and 3D visualization for laparoscopic liver surgery
Authors: Boretto Luca , Pelanis Egidijus , Regensburger Alois , Petkov Kaloian , Palomar Rafael , Fretland Åsmund Avdem , Edwin Bjørn , Elle Ole Jakob
Published: December 2024

Despite the benefits of minimally invasive surgery, interventions such as laparoscopic liver surgery present unique challenges, like the significant anatomical differences between preoperative images and intraoperative scenes due to pneumoperitoneum, patient pose, and organ manipulation by surgical instruments. To address these challenges, a method for intraoperative three‐dimensional reconstruction of the surgical scene, including vessels and tumors, without altering the surgical workflow, is proposed. The technique combines neural radiance field reconstructions from tracked laparoscopic videos with ultrasound three‐dimensional compounding. The accuracy of our reconstructions on a clinical laparoscopic liver ablation dataset, consisting of laparoscope and patient reference posed from optical tracking, laparoscopic and ultrasound videos, as well as preoperative and intraoperative computed tomographies, is evaluated. The authors propose a solution to compensate for liver deformations due to pressure applied during ultrasound acquisitions, improving the overall accuracy of the three‐dimensional reconstructions compared to the ground truth intraoperative computed tomography with pneumoperitoneum. A unified neural radiance field from the ultrasound and laparoscope data, which allows real‐time view synthesis providing surgeons with comprehensive intraoperative visual information for laparoscopic liver surgery, is trained.
Spatially coherent 3D distributions of HI and CO in the Milky Way
Authors: Söding Laurin , Edenhofer Gordian , Enßlin Torsten A. , Frank Philipp , Kissmann Ralf , Phan Vo Hong Minh , Ramírez Andrés , Zandinejad Hanieh , Mertsch Philipp
Published: December 2024

Context. The spatial distribution of the gaseous components of the Milky Way is of great importance for a number of different fields, for example, Galactic structure, star formation, and cosmic rays. However, obtaining distance information to gaseous clouds in the interstellar medium from Doppler-shifted line emission is notoriously difficult given our vantage point in the Galaxy. It requires spatial knowledge of gas velocities and generally suffers from distance ambiguities.

Aims. Previous works often assumed the optically thin limit (no absorption), had a fixed velocity field, and lacked resolution overall. We aim to overcome these issues and improve previous reconstructions of the gaseous constituents of the interstellar medium of the Galaxy.

Methods. We used three-dimensional (3D) Gaussian processes to model correlations in the interstellar medium, including correlations between different lines of sight, and enforce a spatially coherent structure in the prior. For modelling the transport of radiation from the emitting gas to us as observers, we took absorption effects into account. A special numerical grid ensures that there is high resolution nearby. We inferred the spatial distributions of atomic hydrogen, carbon monoxide, their emission line widths, and the Galactic velocity field in a joint Bayesian inference. We further constrained these fields with complementary data from Galactic masers and young stellar object clusters.

Results. Our main result consists of a set of samples that implicitly contain statistical uncertainties. The resulting maps are spatially coherent and reproduce the data with high fidelity. We confirm previous findings regarding the warping and flaring of the Galactic disc. A comparison with 3D dust maps reveals a good agreement on scales larger than approximately 400 pc. While our results are not free of artefacts, they present a big step forward in obtaining high-quality 3D maps of the interstellar medium.
Gamma-ray burst spectral-luminosity correlations in the synchrotron scenario
Authors: Mei Alessio , Oganesyan Gor , Macera Samanta
Published: December 2024

Context. For over two decades, gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission spectra were modeled with smoothly broken power laws (Band function), and a positive and tight correlation between the spectral rest-frame peak energy, Ep,z, and the total isotropic-equivalent luminosity, Liso, was found, constituting the so-called Yonetoku relation. However, more recent studies show that many prompt emission spectra are well described by the synchrotron radiation model, and hence significantly deviate from the Band function.

Aims. In this work, we test the impact of a more refined spectral model such as an idealized synchrotron spectrum from nonthermal electrons on the Yonetoku relation and its connection with physical parameters.

Methods. We selected GRBs with measured redshift observed by Fermi/GBM together with high-energy observations (> 30 MeV), and performed a spectral analysis, dividing them in two samples: the single-bin sample, using the light curve peak spectrum of each GRB, and the multiple-bin sample, for which we explored the whole duration of 13 bright bursts with time-resolved spectral analysis.

Results. We observed that the Ep,z of synchrotron spectra in a fast-cooling regime (νm/νc ≫ 1) is generally larger than the one provided by the Band function. For this reason, we do not find any Ep,z−Liso correlation in our samples except for the GRBs in an intermediate-cooling regime (1< νm/νc< 3); namely, where peak and break energies are very close. We instead find in both our samples a new tight correlation between the rest-frame cooling frequency, νc, z, and Liso: νc,z ∝ Liso(0.53±0.06).

Conclusions. These results suggest that, assuming that prompt emission spectra are produced by synchrotron radiation, the physical relation is between νc, z and Liso. The fit of the Band function to an intrinsic synchrotron spectrum returns peak energy values of Ep,zBand ∼ νc,z. This may explain why the systematic interpretation of prompt spectra through the Band function returns the Ep, z − Liso relation.
ALMA-IMF
Authors: Motte F. , Pouteau Y. , Nony T. , Dell’Ova P. , Gusdorf A. , Brouillet N. , Stutz A. M. , Bontemps S. , Ginsburg A. , Csengeri T. , Men’shchikov A. , Valeille-Manet M. , Louvet F. , Bonfand M. , Galván-Madrid R. , Álvarez-Gutiérrez R. H. , Armante M. , Bronfman L. , Chen H.-R. V. , Cunningham N. , Díaz-González D. , Didelon P. , Fernández-López M. , Herpin F. , Kessler N. , Koley A. , Lefloch B. , Le Nestour N. , Liu H.-L. , Moraux E. , Nguyen Luong Q. , Olguin F. , Salinas J. , Sandoval-Garrido N. A. , Sanhueza P. , Veyry R. , Yoo T.
Published: December 2024

Context. The ALMA-IMF Large Program imaged 15 massive protoclusters down to a resolution of ~2 kau scales, identifying about 103 star-forming cores. The mass and luminosity of these cores, which are fundamental physical characteristics, are difficult to determine, a problem greatly exacerbated at the distances ≥2 kpc of ALMA-IMF protoclusters.

Aims. We combined new datasets and radiative transfer modeling to characterize these cores. We estimated their mass-averaged temperature and the masses these estimates imply. For one-sixth of the sample, we measured the bolometric luminosities, implementing deblending corrections when necessary.

Methods. We used spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis obtained with the point process mapping (PPMAP) Bayesian procedure, which aims to preserve the best angular resolution of the input data. We extrapolated the luminosity and dust temperature images provided by PPMAP at 2.5″ resolution to estimate those of individual cores, which were identified at higher angular resolution. To do this, we applied approximate radiative transfer relationships between the luminosity of a protostar and the temperature of its surrounding envelope and between the external heating of prestellar cores and their temperatures.

Results. For the first time, we provide data-informed estimates of dust temperatures for 882 cores identified with ALMA-IMF: 17–31 K and 28–79 K (5th and 95th percentiles, up to 127 K) for the 616 prestellar and 266 protostellar cores, respectively. We also measured protostellar luminosities spanning 20–80 000 L⊙.

Conclusions. Dust temperatures previously estimated from SED-based analyses at a comparatively lower resolution validate our method. For hot cores, on the other hand, we estimated systematically lower temperatures than studies based on complex organic molecules. We established a mass-luminosity evolutionary diagram, for the first time at the core spatial resolution and for a large sample of intermediate- to high-mass protostellar cores. The ALMA-IMF data favor a scenario in which protostars accrete their mass from a larger mass reservoir than their host cores.
Effects of cold electron emissions on thermal plasma measurements on board Solar Orbiter spacecraft
Authors: Štverák Š. , Herčík D. , Nicolaou G. , Hellinger P. , Popďakunik M. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Kataria D. O. , Owen C. J. , Maksimovic M.
Published: December 2024

Aims. Emissions of photo and secondary electrons influence thermal electron measurements on board spacecraft, typically below a threshold determined by the spacecraft’s potential. We aim to examine and quantify this contamination of the observed low-energy electron fluxes. We seek to provide effective constraints for the correction methods used to accurately estimate unperturbed solar wind plasma parameters in the context of the Solar Orbiter mission.

Methods. We performed a long-term statistical analysis of electron velocity distribution functions acquired by the Electron Analyser System experiment, which is part of the Solar Orbiter’s Solar Wind Analyser suite of instruments. We employed analytical fits of time-averaged phase space density spectra to identify the energy break separating ambient solar wind electron populations from cold electron populations emitted by the spacecraft body. We analysed correlations between the observed energy break and the spacecraft potential, as well as other relevant plasma properties.

Results. Our analysis indicates that in contrast to other space missions, emitted electrons from the spacecraft are detected even above the spacecraft potential energy. The derived energy break is found to be uncorrelated with the measured spacecraft potential, but it is correlated strongly with the ambient electron temperature. We attribute this behaviour to the Solar Orbiter’s geometric configuration, which can result in the detection of electrons emitted from spacecraft surfaces that are located far from the instrument’s detector. We derived a theoretical expression for the energy break, assuming Maxwellian distribution functions for both the ambient and spacecraft electrons. This provides an effective constraint for the observed contamination by spacecraft electrons.
Development of convective envelopes in massive stars
Authors: Romagnolo A. , Klencki J. , Vigna-Gómez A. , Belczynski K.
Published: December 2024

Context. The structure of stellar envelopes strongly influences the course and outcome of binary mass transfer, in particular of common-envelope (CE) evolution. Convective envelopes can most easily be ejected during CE events, leading to short-period binaries and, potentially, gravitational-wave (GW) sources. Conversely, radiative envelopes are thought to lead to CE mergers and Thorne-Żytkow objects (TŻOs) or quasi-stars (QSs).

Aims. Rapid binary models based on Hurley et al. (2000, MNRAS, 315, 543) often assume that any CE event with a Hertzsprung gap donor results in a CE merger, in tension with the literature. We improve on this assumption with a more self-consistent criterion based on the presence of a convective envelope.

Methods. Using 1D stellar models (MESA), we systematically investigated the development of convective envelopes in massive stars. We provided fitting formulae for rapid binary codes and implemented them into the StarTrack population synthesis code to refine the CE treatment and examined the impact on GW sources, TŻOs, and QSs.

Results. We show that convective envelopes in massive stars are highly sensitive to the treatment of superadiabacity and the mixing length. Our revised CE model significantly reduces (by a factor ∼20) the predicted merger rate of binary black hole (BH-BH) mergers with total masses between ∼20 and 50 M⊙. This leads to a bimodal mass distribution with a strong metallicity dependence. We also predict that the current TŻO–QS formation rate in the Galaxy (up to ∼10−4 yr−1), combined with their predicted lifetimes, makes their detection unlikely.

Conclusions. Our study strongly suggests that the role of CE evolution in the formation of BH-BH mergers has been considerably overestimated for BH-BH mergers with Mtot ≥ 20 M⊙. We highlight that any prediction from the CE channel for massive BH-BH mergers (> 50 M⊙) heavily hinges on our limited understanding of stellar structure and mass loss close to the Eddington limit.
Testing the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich power spectrum of a halo model using hydrodynamical simulations
Authors: Ayçoberry Emma , R.S. Pranjal , Benabed Karim , Dubois Yohan , Krause Elisabeth , Eifler Tim
Published: December 2024

Statistical properties of large-scale cosmological structures serve as powerful tools for constraining the cosmological properties of our Universe. Tracing the gas pressure, the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect is a biased probe of mass distribution and, hence, can be used to test the physics of feedback or cosmological models. Therefore, it is crucial to develop robust modelling of hot gas pressure for applications to tSZ surveys. Since gas collapses into bound structures, it is expected that most of the tSZ signal is within halos produced by cosmic accretion shocks. Hence, simple empirical halo models can be used to predict the tSZ power spectra. In this study, we employed the HMx halo model to compare the tSZ power spectra with those of several hydrodynamical simulations: the Horizon suite and the Magneticum simulation. We examine various contributions to the tSZ power spectrum across different redshifts, including the one- and two-halo term decomposition, the amount of bound gas, the importance of different masses, and the electron pressure profiles. Our comparison of the tSZ power spectrum reveals discrepancies between the halo model and cosmological simulations that increase with redshift. We find a 20% to 50% difference between the measured and predicted tSZ angular power spectrum over the multipole range ℓ = 103 − 104. Our analysis reveals that these differences are driven by the excess of power in the predicted two-halo term at low k and in the one-halo term at high k. At higher redshifts (z ∼ 3), simulations indicate that more power comes from outside the virial radius than from inside, suggesting a limitation in the applicability of the halo model. We also observe differences in the pressure profiles, despite the fair level of agreement on the tSZ power spectrum at low redshift with the default calibration of the halo model. In conclusion, our study suggests that the properties of the halo model need to be carefully controlled against real or mock data to be proven useful for cosmological purposes.
Rapidity-only evolution of TMDs
Authors: Chirilli Giovanni Antonio
Published: December 2024

The most known scheme to regulates the rapidity/UV divergences of the Transverse Momentum Distribution operators due to the infinite light-like gauge links are the Collis Soper Sterman (CSS) formalism or the Soft Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) formalism. An alternative procedure is provided by the scheme used in the small-xB physics. The corresponding evolution equations differ already in leading order. Because of the future Electron-Ion Collider experiment, which will probe the TMDs at values of the Bjorken x in the region between small-xB to xB ∼ 1, the different formalisms need to be reconciled. I will discuss the conformal properties of TMD operators and present the result of the conformal rapidity evolution of TMD operators in the Sudakov region. In particular, I will present the calculation of the scale of the coupling constant obtained using the BLM procedure.
Symplectic quantization: A new deterministic approach to the dynamics of quantum fields inspired by statistical mechanics*
Authors: Giachello Martina , Gradenigo Giacomo
Published: December 2024

In this contribution we summarize the main features of a new algorithm (already presented in [1]) to sample numerically on the lattice the quantum fluctuations of fields by means of a deterministic pseudo-Hamiltonian dynamics in an enlarge space of variables. The main goal is to provide a numerical tool which is well defined in Minkowski space. The proposed approach introduces an additional time variable that plays the role of a true physical parameter that controls the deterministic dynamics. The sampling of quantum fluctuations is guaranteed by the presence of new additional conjugated momenta, which represent the rate of variation of ordinary fields with respect to the newly added time variable. From the pseudo-Hamiltonian dynamics one is then able, assuming ergodicity, to retrieve the Feynman path integral as the Fourier transform of a pseudo-microcanonical partition function.
Characterization of Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors for future collider experiments
Authors: Colelli Angelo , Barile Francesco , Bruno Giuseppe Eugenio , Di Bari Domenico , Franco Antonio , Kumar Shyam , Pastore Cosimo , Nath Patra Rajendra , Triloki Triloki
Published: December 2024

In high-energy physics experiments, Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) have become crucial components of vertex and tracking detectors over the past decade due to the integration of readout circuitry with the detection volume in a single chip. The requirement to achieve precise tracking and vertexing capabilities for upgrade of HEP experiments, such as ALICE at LHC and ePIC at EIC, has implied a strong R&D towards an ultra-thin (a few tens of μm), bent, wafer-scale silicon sensors produced with stitching technology. Recent ongoing activities on CMOS silicon sensor testing performed at the INFN Laboratory in Bari will be described. The characterization of analogue silicon pixel sensors of 65 nm CMOS technology using electrical test pulsing and 55Fe as a soft X-ray source will be discussed. Furthermore, a study on timing performance will be presented.
On the exact Maxwell evolution equation of resonator dynamics
Authors: Wu Tong , Zarouf Rachid , Lalanne Philippe
Published: December 2024

In a recent publication [Opt. Express 32, 20904 (2024)], the accuracy of the main evolution equation that governs resonator dynamics in the coupled-mode theory (CMT) was questioned. The study concluded that the driving force is proportional to the temporal derivative of the excitation field rather than the excitation field itself. This conclusion was reached with a derivation of an “exact” Maxwell evolution (EME) equation obtained directly from Maxwell’s equations, which was further supported by extensive numerical tests. Hereafter, we argue that the original derivation lacks mathematical rigor. We present a direct and rigorous derivation that establishes a solid mathematical foundation for the EME equation. This new approach clarifies the origin of the temporal derivative in the excitation term of CMT and elucidates the approximations present in the classical CMT evolution equation through a straightforward argument.
A Study of Lord Stow’s Bakery Geographic Market Analysis and Marketing Strategies
Authors: Fan Jiahao
Published: December 2024

This study examines the strategic market expansion and marketing methods of Lord Stow’s Bakery, renowned for its Portuguese egg tarts and a significant player in Macau’s cultural and culinary landscape. Founded in 1989 by Andrew Stow, the bakery quickly gained popularity for its high-quality, preservative-free products and innovative takes on classic recipes, securing its place in both the Macau and Hong Kong markets. However, as the bakery sought to expand geographically, it faced several challenges, including adapting to new market cultures, maintaining operational efficiency, and addressing market saturation driven by intense competition and evolving consumer preferences for healthier options. The research suggests that to overcome these challenges, Lord Stow’s Bakery should invest in local market research to tailor its products and marketing strategies, enhance market segmentation and differentiation, and optimize supply chain logistics to ensure consistent product quality. Additionally, prioritizing innovation in product development and leveraging digital marketing can help maintain brand loyalty and attract new customers. This study underscores the importance of brand management and strategic market expansion in the bakery industry, offering valuable insights for other artisanal bakeries seeking global growth.
Research on the use of social media to break the information cocoon of niche cultures
Authors: Chen Yiyao
Published: December 2024

This study explores the role of TikTok as a platform for promoting Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), with a particular focus on traditional Chinese operas such as Huangmei, Yue, and Shanghai operas. Despite the digitalization efforts and the potential of new media platforms, these operas have struggled to gain significant traction on TikTok, largely due to the platform’s algorithmic that reinforces information cocoons. The research examines the audience demographics of TikTok influencers who focus on these operas, revealing that the followers are predominantly older adults. To target younger audiences, the study also makes a comparison between musical theatre and Chinese operas in terms of their dissemination. This comparison emphasizes the importance of creative content creation and smart use of social media algorithms. The study intends to improve Chinese ICH’s online visibility and preservation by examining the present issues and offering solutions for bursting the “information cocoon,” assuring its sustained development in the digital era.
Optimization Strategy for Short Video Content Generation on the Tik Tok Platform
Authors: Hu Taijie
Published: December 2024

In today’s society, with the popularity of TikTok, digital marketing has also begun to develop rapidly with the rise of short videos, and the content of short videos has also become important. This paper mainly studies the key points of short video content generation and optimization on the TikTok platform. This paper will complete this study by referring to different literature and comparing different examples. Through the study and summary of these key points, some suggestions are provided for the optimization of short video content on the TikTok platform in the future. The study emphasizes the importance of audio-visual quality in improving the quality of short videos, and also points out that short videos containing hot topics will be more likely to be seen by more people, thereby expanding the reach and influence of the video. However, some so-called popular videos are full of crudely made stalks, which are usually lacking in knowledge and innovation and are offensive. Due to the exaggerated dissemination of the TikTok platform, a bad stalk may be watched by a large number of people. However, a bad stalk itself does not have any positive value and may cause a decline in social morality. Therefore, some users begin to reject the TikTok short video platform. In order to prevent user loss, the research goal of this paper is to “optimize the algorithm of the TikTok platform” so that people can more easily see high-quality videos.
Innovative Data Asset Capitalization and Digital Supply Chain Finance for SMEs: A case study of Uqian Tech
Authors: Lin Jingqi
Published: December 2024

With the advent of the digital economy era, data, as a new production factor, is profoundly changing the way enterprises operate and their financial models. In the field of supply chain finance, the application of data promotes information transparency, reduces information asymmetry and transaction costs, and enables small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to obtain financing more conveniently. However, the traditional supply chain finance model has problems such as difficulty in obtaining information and high cost of risk control, which leads to the low willingness of financial institutions to serve SMEs. This study explores how data asset capitalization empowers SMEs in digital supply chain finance through a case study of Shenzhen Uqian Information Technology Company Limited (Uqian Tech). It is found that data asset capitalization can not only directly provide financing for data service providers, but also indirectly empower SMEs in the supply chain by enhancing the information synchronization upstream and downstream of the supply chain and realizing the digital transformation of the production process and technological innovation.
The Impact of GDP Growth and Inflation on Corporate Revenue Growth: Evidence from listed companies in China
Authors: Li Guanlong
Published: December 2024

This study examines the impact of GDP growth rate and inflation rate on the revenue growth of nine major listed companies (e.g., Alibaba, Pinduoduo, etc.) in China from 2015 to 2023 through multiple regression analysis. It is found that GDP growth rate is significantly and positively related to firms’ revenue growth, while the effect of inflation rate is not statistically significant. GDP growth rate reflects the overall performance of economic activities and is an important predictor of firms’ revenue growth, whereas China’s inflation rate has been relatively stable during the study period, and therefore has a weak predictive effect on revenue growth. The theoretical contribution of this study is to reveal the impact of macroeconomic factors on firms’ financial performance, especially in the context of stable inflation rates. The practical implication is to help Chinese firms and investors understand the impact of macroeconomic indicators on firm performance, so that they can formulate more effective business and investment strategies to cope with market changes and minimize risks during periods of economic volatility.
A study on the impact of traditional print media on the growth of Generation Z
Authors: Song Yutong
Published: December 2024

Since the birth of newspapers, the print media has occupied the discourse power of mainstream media for a long period of time, affecting the establishment of the thinking mode and cognitive formation of Generation Z. In the process of the growth of Generation Z, a series of media technologies and patterns have undergone major changes, including the Internet, new media and so on. In this case, the impact of print media and its impact on Generation Z need to be explored. This essay will discuss the influence of newspapers and other traditional paper media on the growth of Generation Z through the literature review of newspapers and other traditional paper media under the background of the new media era and the analysis of specific cases between Generation Z and paper media, compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of newspapers and new media in the Internet era, and forecast the possible media pattern in the future. At the same time, the innovative changes and developments made by newspapers under the circumstance that new media occupy most of the media market will also be listed and analyzed.
Chinese AI tool ERNIE Bot Textual Exploration of False Information
Authors: Fu Yue
Published: December 2024

This study provides an in-depth discussion of the application of the Chinese AI tool ERNIE Bot in disinformation detection. First and foremost, the spreading characteristics of false information are analysed, especially the phenomenon of rapid spreading and difficulty in distinguishing authenticity on social media. Then, the performance of ERNIE Bot in grammatical, sentiment, and lexical analyses is investigated in detail, revealing the limitations it faces when dealing with complex disinformation. In order to improve the accuracy of detection, this paper proposes countermeasures to improve the AI detection algorithm, enhance data training and model optimisation, and human-machine collaboration. These countermeasures can not only enhance the detection ability of AI, but also give full play to human judgement in information screening, forming a more effective disinformation prevention mechanism. This study provides valuable theoretical support and practical guidance to enhance the application effect of AI in disinformation detection, aiming to escort social information security.
From Code to Clots: Applying Machine Learning to Clinical Aspects of Venous Thromboembolism Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Chrysafi Pavlina , Lam Barbara , Carton Samuel , Patell Rushad
Published: December 2024

The high incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) globally and the morbidity and mortality burden associated with the disease make it a pressing issue. Machine learning (ML) can improve VTE prevention, detection, and treatment. The ability of this novel technology to process large amounts of high-dimensional data can help identify new risk factors and better risk stratify patients for thromboprophylaxis. Applications of ML for VTE include systems that interpret medical imaging, assess the severity of the VTE, tailor treatment according to individual patient needs, and identify VTE cases to facilitate surveillance. Generative artificial intelligence may be leveraged to design new molecules such as new anticoagulants, generate synthetic data to expand datasets, and reduce clinical burden by assisting in generating clinical notes. Potential challenges in the applications of these novel technologies include the availability of multidimensional large datasets, prospective studies and clinical trials to ensure safety and efficacy, continuous quality assessment to maintain algorithm accuracy, mitigation of unwanted bias, and regulatory and legal guardrails to protect patients and providers. We propose a practical approach for clinicians to integrate ML into research, from choosing appropriate problems to integrating ML into clinical workflows. ML offers much promise and opportunity for clinicians and researchers in VTE to translate this technology into the clinic and directly benefit the patients.
Concise Total Synthesis of Crambescin B Methyl Ester
Authors: Nakazaki Atsuo , Tandai Kotaro , Nishikawa Toshio
Published: December 2024

In this study, a concise total synthesis of crambescin B methyl ester, a cyclic guanidine alkaloid, has been achieved. The key aspects of this new approach include (1) A Mannich reaction between an α-amidosulfone and a β-keto ester to construct the main scaffold, and (2) acid-catalyzed dehydrative cyclization, leading to an enol ether in a highly stereoselective manner. This synthetic approach is nine steps shorter than our previously published method.
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy: Procedural Guidance and Future Directions for Clinical Management
Authors: Koushesh Pouria , Ayaz Talha , Tullius Thomas
Published: December 2024

Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) is a recognized treatment option for the management of acute cholecystitis and is an integral component of the treatment algorithm in the 2018 Tokyo Guidelines. The utilization of PC has significantly increased over the past 30 years, particularly in the setting of critically ill patients and those with extensive comorbidities who are poor surgical candidates. The indications, complications, patient selection considerations, and technical complexities of the procedure will be discussed. Postprocedural drain management and the potential for shortened indwelling time are reviewed.
Activities and social settings: Their roles in the use of referring expressions
Authors: de Weck Geneviève , Hassan Rouba , Heurdier Julien , Klein Janina , Salagnac Nathalie
Published: December 2024

We investigated the influence of activity and social
setting on the use of referring expressions in French-speaking
children. Three groups were observed: 25 children ages 1;7 to 2;6 in
three activities with their mother (picture-based, play, and daily
routines), 15 children ages 3;9 to 7;4 in joint picture-book
storytelling and symbolic play with their mother, and 10 children
ages 3;9 to 7;4 in joint storytelling at home and at school. The
type of referring expression and its position in the referential
chain were coded. The results demonstrated the impact of the
activity on the use of referring expressions in the first two
groups, whereas the position in the referential chain affected the
use of referring expressions only in the second group. In the
home-school comparison, social setting influenced the use of
referring expressions in interaction with the position in the
referential chain.
Beyond Borders: Decoding Tourism Development and Logistics in the Satun UNESCO Global Geopark’s Destination Management
Authors: Ditta-Apichai Morakot , Tangseng Taweesin
Published: December 2024

Tourism logistics is crucial for travel experiences that contribute to the overall success and sustainability of a destination. Utilizing a field observation approach, this case study provides a systematic analysis of the tourism development and logistics within the Satun UNESCO Global Geopark as a part of business strategies and destination management assessment. The study advances recommendations for the development of tourism logistics, encompassing infrastructure, transportation, and information systems within the destination as well as the interconnection to other tourism destinations for competitiveness enhancement.

Information

© The Authors 2024
Enhancing quantum coherence in hybrid optomechanical systems with coherent feedback, atomic ensembles, and optical parametric amplifier
Authors: Mekonnen Habtamu Dagnaw , Tesfahannes Tesfay Gebremariam , Darge Tewodros Yirgashewa , Getahun Kumela Alemayehu , Hidki Abdelkader , Tadesse Mulugeta
Published: December 2024

We theoretically investigate quantum coherence in a hybrid optomechanical system with a fixed mirror, mechanical oscillators, two-level atoms, and an optical parametric amplifier (OPA) within the cavity. A coherent feedback loop is created by redirecting part of the cavity's output field back into the cavity via an asymmetric beam splitter. Using numerical solutions of the Lyapunov equation and steady-state mean values, we quantify the Gaussian quantum coherence of the system. Our results show that the presence of OPA, coherent feedback, atomic ensembles, and strong laser power significantly enhance quantum coherence, while higher atomic decay rates, relative phase, and temperatures reduce it. This approach not only boosts quantum coherence but also improves resilience to temperature fluctuations, providing a robust foundation for quantum information processing.
A miniaturized toroidal piezoelectric device for monitoring human movement and powering wearable electronics
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Yong
Published: December 2024

Wearable micro-energy devices offer the exciting potential to serve as self-powered monitors for human motion and as power sources for wearable electronics. However, challenges persist, particularly in low-frequency energy conversion and multi-dimensional motion monitoring. In this paper, we report a highly stable and durable miniaturized toroidal piezoelectric device (MTPD) to detect and recognize human movement with exceptional sensitivity, while also storing the generated electrical energy in capacitors to power wearable electronics. The system features a PVDF film that oscillates between ring brackets in a contactless manner, enabling it to capture multi-directional body motion and convert it into electrical signals. By incorporating multiple magnets, the system enhances the deformation of the piezoelectric thin film, thereby improving the output voltage. Furthermore, the integration of multi-channel signal fusion within a compact space refines the accuracy of motion recognition algorithms. We have validated the MTPD’s capability to identify arm and leg movements, highlighting its potential for use in human motion detection. Additionally, we demonstrated the system viability to serve as a power source by efficient charging a capacitor within a short period.
Exploring the impact of feature selection on load profile analysis and energy demand forecasting through enhanced support vector regression
Authors: Halimi Y , Bouzid Z , Halimi S , Ghellai N
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the impact of weather and calendar data features on load profile analysis and proposes an improved load profile forecasting approach using Support Vector Regression (SVR). A detailed load profile was constructed for a single-family house in Algiers, Algeria, based on an in-depth analysis of survey responses over three years. The SVR model, employing a built-in split method, has demonstrated the highest efficiency for short-term predictions, particularly for one-day forecasts. The initial results from the standard SVR model yielded a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 39.50%, a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.0461, and an R
2 score of 0.8679. Additionally, the study compared the performance of other machine learning models, including Random Forest Regressor (RFR), Gradient Boosting Regressor (GBR), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for one-day forecasting. The RFR achieved an MSE of 0.20088, MAPE of 90.45%, and an R
2 score of 0.4243; the GBR yielded an MSE of 0.13274, MAPE of 80.76%, and an R
2 score of 0.6196; while the ANN demonstrated an MSE of 0.0618, MAPE of 59.71%, and an R
2 score of 0.6407. Notably, the SVR model emerged as the superior performer across various forecast horizons, prompting further exploration to enhance its capabilities. In addition to the standard SVR method, this study introduces an enhanced SVR approach utilizing the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel and fine-tuning its parameters. This enhanced model achieved a significantly reduced MSE of 0.0419, MAPE of 18.89%, and an improved R
2 score of 0.8799 for one-day forecasts, surpassing the standard SVR model's performance. Fourier transform analysis was also applied to uncover underlying patterns in the consumption data, complementing the time-domain results from the SVR model. A grid search optimized hyperparameters, revealing that C = 5 and ε  =  0.01 provided the best model performance. These findings offer practical implications for energy management, policy-making, and the development of smart grid technologies, contributing to the sustainability and efficiency of energy consumption in residential settings.
Evolution from 3-D to 2-D of a confined hydrogen atom dipole dependent properties when compressed by two parallel planes
Authors: Cabrera-Trujillo R
Published: December 2024

The confinement of an atom by two parallel planes produces changes in the spectra and dipole-dependent electronic properties when evolving from large—3-D—to narrow—2-D—inter-plane separation. In this work, the behavior of the dipole electronic properties of a hydrogen atom located half the distance between two impenetrable parallel planes is studied as a function of the inter-plane separation using the energies and wave functions reported previously by the author [Physica Scripta 99, 065416 (2024)]. The evolution of the line intensities, transition rates, life times, polarizability, and the mean excitation energy are reported as a function of the inter-plane separation. We find that as the inter-plane separation is reduced, all the electronic properties are affected by the shifting of the electronic spectra towards the short wave-length region (EUV) with a boost of the photo-luminosity intensity, reduction of the static polarizability and life-time of the 2s and 2p states, increase of the mean excitation energy, and transition rates for characteristic plane separations. Our numerical results agree, in the limiting cases, to the analytical solutions for a free atom for large inter-plane separations and to those of a 2-D atom for small inter-plane separation, as well as to available experimental data.
Characterization of stabilizier states and magic states in terms of Tsallis and Rényi entropies for qubit systems
Authors: He Jiayu , Wang Bowen , Fu Shuangshuang
Published: December 2024

Uncertainty relations are fundamental in quantum mechanics, distinguishing it from classical physics by setting limits on the precision of incompatible measurements. For qubit systems, considering the three incompatible Pauli observables, we propose two entropic quantifiers of uncertainty exploiting the Tsallis entropies and Rényi entropies. We analyze the minimum and maximum uncertainty states and uncover their close connections with some important families of states in the stabilizer formalism. Explicitly, our findings show that for the two entropic quantifiers of uncertainties with suitable parameters, the stabilizer states correspond to the minimum uncertainty states, while the T-type magic states correspond to the maximum uncertainty states. Additionally, we identify that the H-type magic states serve as the saddle points in the Tsallis entropy framework. These results expand the recent proposed characterizations of stabilizer and magic states via the Shannon entropic uncertainty relation [Li et al 2024 Phys. Scr.
99, 035117].
Falsifying anthropics
Authors: Kaloper Nemanja , Westphal Alexander
Published: December 2024

We propose using fuzzy axion dark matter to test the anthropic principle.
A very light axion can be directly detectable, at least by black hole superradiance effects.
The idea then is that gravitational and astrophysical observations can
discover a light axion in the regime where it must be all of dark matter with abundance
which must be set up by the anthropic principle, due to excessive primordial misalignment induced by
inflation-induced Brownian drift of fluctuations.
Yet it may turn out that dark matter is something else instead of this axion. Since the de Sitter-induced
axion misalignment controlled only by the de Sitter curvature cannot be evaded,
this would invalidate the anthropic prediction of the dark matter abundance.
Probing dark matter isocurvature with primordial non-Gaussianity
Authors: Geller Michael , Kumar Soubhik , Wang Lian-Tao
Published: December 2024

Multiple fields can become dynamical during the inflationary epoch. We consider an example
where a light field acquires isocurvature fluctuations during inflation and contributes to the
dark matter abundance at late times. Interactions between the light field and the adiabatic sector
contribute to mixed adiabatic-isocurvature non-Gaussianity (NG). We show the resulting form of NG
has a different kinematic dependence than the `local shape' commonly considered, and highlight the
parameter space where a dedicated search is expected to significantly improve the current Planck sensitivity. We interpret our results in the context of the QCD axion and illustrate how
the proposed NG searches can improve upon the existing searches for isocurvature power spectrum
and bispectrum.
Neutrino mass bounds from DESI 2024 are relaxed by Planck PR4 and cosmological supernovae
Authors: Allali Itamar J. , Notari Alessio
Published: December 2024

The recent DESI 2024 Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) measurements combined with the CMB data from the Planck 18 PR3 dataset and the Planck PR4+ACT DR6 lensing data, with a prior on the sum of the neutrino masses ∑ m

ν
> 0, leads to a strong constraint, ∑ m

ν
< 0.072 eV, which would exclude the inverted neutrino hierarchy and put some tension on even the standard hierarchy. We show that actually this bound gets significantly relaxed when combining the new DESI measurements with the HiLLiPoP + LoLLiPoP likelihoods, based on the Planck 2020 PR4 dataset, and with supernovae datasets. We note that the fact that neutrino masses are pushed towards zero, and even towards negative values, is known to be correlated with the so-called A

L
tension, a mismatch between lensing and power spectrum measurements in the Planck PR3 data, which is
reduced by HiLLiPoP + LoLLiPoP to less than 1σ. We find ∑ m

ν
< 0.1 eV and ∑ m

ν
< 0.12 eV, with the supernovae Pantheon+ and DES-SN5YR datasets respectively. The shift caused by these datasets
is more compatible with the expectations from neutrino oscillation experiments, and both the normal and inverted hierarchy scenarios remain now viable, even with the ∑ m

ν
> 0 prior. Finally, we analyze neutrino mass bounds in an extension of ΛCDM that addresses the H
0 tension, with extra fluid Dark Radiation, finding that in such models bounds are further relaxed and
the posterior probability for ∑ m

ν
begins to exhibit a peak at positive values.