bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA012: Sulindac modulates the response of proficient MMR colorectal cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Xi Yaguang
Published: December 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has been widely used to treat different human cancers, particularly advanced solid tumors. However, clinical studies have reported that ICI immunotherapy benefits only ~15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, specifically those with tumors characterized by microsatellite instability (MSI), a molecular marker of defective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR). For the majority of CRC patients who carry proficient MMR (pMMR), ICIs have shown little clinical benefit. In this study, we examined the efficacy of sulindac to enhance the response of pMMR CRC to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy. We first utilized CT26 and CMT93 syngeneic mouse tumor models to compare the inhibitory effects of PD-L1 antibody (Ab), sulindac, and their combination on pMMR CRC tumor growth. We found that mice treated with combination therapy showed a significant reduction in tumor volume, along with increased infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tumor tissues. We also demonstrated that sulindac could downregulate PD-L1 by blocking NF-κB signaling, which in turn led to a decrease in exosomal PD-L1. Notably, PD-L1 Ab can be bound and consumed by exosomal PD-L1 in the blood circulation. Therefore, in combination therapy, sulindac downregulating PD-L1 leads to increased availability of PD-L1 Ab, which potentially improves the overall efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy. We validated all these results using humanized Patient-Derived Xenografts (PDX) animal models. Moreover, we demonstrated the safety of low-dose sulindac as it did not have a systemic inhibitory effect on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In conclusion, our findings provide unique insights into the mechanism of action and efficacy for sulindac as an immunomodulatory agent for the ICI therapy and immunoprevention of pMMR CRC.

Citation Format: Yaguang Xi. Sulindac modulates the response of proficient MMR colorectal cancer to immune checkpoint inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr IA012.
Abstract IA014: Mass spectrometry and RNAseq based discovery of frameshift neoantigens and cryptic neoantigens from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors for prophylactic vaccines
Authors: Largaespada David A.
Published: December 2022

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) syndrome is an autosomal, dominant tumor predisposition syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutations of NF1 gene encoding neurofibromin. Loss of the non-mutant allele of NF1 in a rare Schwann cell or precursor leads to benign plexiform neurofibromas. The main cause of death among NF1 patients is the malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), a highly aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that most likely develops from plexiform neurofibroma, in particular the so-called “atypical” plexiform neurofibroma. Approximately half of MPNSTs are NF1-associated, and NF1 patients have ~15% lifetime risk of developing this terrible cancer. NF1 patients could greatly benefit from prophylactic vaccination that would prevent the malignant transformation to MPNSTs. We hypothesize that malignant transformation leads to the expression of recurrent alternately processed transcripts, such as transcriptionally-induced chimeras, that could express neoantigens and be used as targets for prophylactic vaccines. Such transcripts can be translated to produce novel peptides downstream of frameshift mutations caused by coding exon read-through into introns, mis-splicing from a coding exon to a non-canonical splice acceptors or splice acceptors in other genes. In most cases, a premature termination codon (PTC) will be rapidly encountered by the ribosome translating such transcripts. Therefore, we furthermore hypothesize that these alternately processed transcripts can express what we call “cryptic” neoantigens when treated with drugs that suppress utilization of premature codons such as Ataluren or gentamicin. In such a way, we could administer a prophylactic vaccine and induce conditionally active immune response that would eliminate nascent tumors only when drug treatment is used. We have developed a PTC suppression read-through reporter which results in presentation of the SIINFEKL peptide on C57BL6/J tumor cells. We developed a bioinformatic algorithm that takes deep RNA-seq data and identifies candidate neoepitopes encoded by non-normally processed or mutant mRNAs called Identifying and Verifying Immunogenic Neoepitopes and Neojunctions (IVINN). We have also achieved successful purification of human HLA Class I complex using an anti-pan HLA antibody column, and bound peptides have been isolated and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We plan to utilize these approaches for mouse model and human MPNST patient derived xenografts.

Citation Format: David A. Largaespada. Mass spectrometry and RNAseq based discovery of frameshift neoantigens and cryptic neoantigens from malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors for prophylactic vaccines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr IA014.
Abstract IA019: Clinical trials of GUCY2C (GCC) agonists for colorectal cancer prevention
Authors: Waldman Scott A.
Published: December 2022

Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), expressed on intestinal epithelial cells, is the receptor for heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) produced by diarrheagenic bacteria. Fluid secretion reflects ST activation of GUCY2C, which produces cyclic (c)GMP activating ion channels. Beyond toxins, GUCY2C binds uroguanylin in small intestine and guanylin in colorectum, which also stimulate secretion. This mechanism is the basis for the oral agonists linaclotide (ST analog) and plecanatide (uroguanylin analog) to treat constipation. Guanylin is the most commonly lost gene product, while GUCY2C expression is retained, in colorectal tumors. Eliminating GUCY2C promotes tumor formation, while oral GUCY2C agonists or transgenic guanylin reduce intestinal tumors, in mice. These data support a hypothesis in which loss of guanylin silencing GUCY2C is a key step in intestinal transformation which can be prevented by oral GUCY2C agonists. However, GUCY2C agonists are formulated for duodenal activity, without bioavailability in the colorectum. Here, we explored whether this pharmacokinetic (PK) barrier could be abrogated with high doses (HD) of linaclotide. Indeed, HD linaclotide induced a cGMP response in mucosal biopsies obtained by colonoscopy following oral polyethylene glycol (PEG) preparation. This cGMP response was validated by VASP phosphorylation and suppression of crypt proliferation. Similarly, HD linaclotide induced cGMP in colon biopsies obtained by sigmoidoscopy following oral PEG. However, HD linaclotide failed to induce cGMP in colon biopsies obtained by sigmoidoscopy i n the absence of oral PEG . Thus, oral PEG abrogated the PK barrier, delivering linaclotide to the colorectum. Unfortunately, dolcanatide, a proteolysis-resistant analog of plecanatide, also failed to overcome the colorectal PK barrier, although it produced duodenal secretion and diarrhea. Thus, guanylin loss silencing GUCY2C appears to be a key step in intestinal transformation. Preclinical models suggest that oral GUCY2C agonists stimulate GUCY2C signaling, opposing tumorigenesis. However, translation of these observations appears to be constrained by a PK barrier, reflecting agonists formulated for duodenal activity, without colorectal bioavailability. Exploiting GUCY2C for chemoprevention awaits agonists formulated for the colorectum. We are exploring the ability of GUCY2C agonists to activate cGMP in duodenum (within the PK barrier), as a prelude to trials in patients with FAP at risk for duodenal tumors.

Citation Format: Scott A. Waldman. Clinical trials of GUCY2C (GCC) agonists for colorectal cancer prevention [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second Biennial NCI Meeting: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development (TACPAD); 2022 Sep 7-9. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_2): Abstract nr IA019.
Gringos, nômades, pretos – políticas do musicar africano em São Paulo
Authors: Hikiji Rose Satiko Gitirana , Chalcraft Jasper
Published: December 2022

Ao acompanhar nos últimos anos músicos africanos recém-chegados ao Brasil, observamos como seu musicar em São Paulo cria um mundo de imaginação e potencialidade política, um espaço para a solidariedade, habitado por entidades africanas e afrodiaspóricas da história passada e presente, de lutas e manifestações artísticas anticoloniais, antiescravistas ou afropolitanas (Mbembe, 2015). Como estes músicos lidam com as políticas raciais e culturais do país? Como o racismo e os movimentos afro-brasileiros os interpelam? Que capitais transculturais (Glick-Schiller e Meinhof, 2011) ou formas de “ação social” (Blacking, 1995) mobilizam para navegar na cena artística brasileira? Como lidam com as instituições culturais e com os movimentos sociais? Ser africano no Brasil - seja no palco, no estúdio de gravação, em eventos artivistas ou solidários - é sempre um ato de resistência. “Gringos” ou “nômades” estes artistas constituem uma “comunidade musical” (Shelemay, 2011) com quem dialogamos num fazer etnográfico fílmico e compartilhado.
Um roteiro às avessas: uma aproximação didática para a leitura de Lucrécia D’A. Ferrara
Authors: Martino Luis Mauro Sa
Published: December 2022

Como ler o trabalho de Lucrécia D´'Alessio Ferrara? Certamente há mais de uma aproximação a uma obra que se ramifica da Teoria da Comunicação ao Urbanismo, do Design à Semiótica. Este trabalho é uma proposta didática inicial para a leitura de seu trabalho, nascida de aulas e orientações de pesquisa, apresentando o desenvolvimento de algumas dos temas e ideias relacionadas a um conceito de comunicação que emerge ao longo do tempo. Propõe-se um aporte cronológico das principais temáticas: (1) uma concepção expandida de linguagem, em diálogo com a semiótica; (2) estudos sobre a leitura comunicacional da cidade e das visualidades do espaço urbano e (3) um conceito de comunicação pautado na abertura do ato de comunicar. Esses pontos são apresentados situando-se brevemente sua produção no contexto dos estudos de comunicação.
A construção da competência crítica na interface comunicação e educação: dialogando com Freire e Perrenoud
Authors: Farbiarz Alexandre , Gonçalves Eloisa Fátima Figueiredo Semblano , Assis Leandro Marlon Barbosa
Published: December 2022

Este artigo propõe a aproximação dos campos da Comunicação e da Educação, tendo por base a trajetória do pensamento freiriano, tomando apontamentos teóricos acerca da aprendizagem por competências. Destacamos dois conceitos-chave de Freire, a dialogia e a participação, para discutir sua importância na interface dos campos. Para isso, percorreremos as normativas recentes quanto à aplicação das competências nas políticas educacionais e o desenvolvimento de uma prática integrativa à reflexão quanto ao uso das mídias na educação. Apesar de tratarem da abordagem por competências, os documentos analisados não garantem que a prática educacional se traduza desta forma e, menos ainda, que esteja vinculada aos preceitos freirianos que sustentamos. Assim, associamos a visão freiriana à proposição metodológica de Perrenoud acerca da aprendizagem por competências, apontando para esta como uma das táticas na promoção de uma Educação que escape do tradicionalismo de uma educação bancária.
A relação professor-aluno no processo ensino - aprendizagem em física e matemática em um curso profissionalizante da educação de jovens e adultos - PROEJA
Authors: Campos Elizete Costa , Pires Luciene Lima de Assis , Souza Paulo Henrique de
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a análise dos relatos de experiência de uma aluna da educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) em uma instituição de ensino médio profissionalizante. As análises tiveram como foco as questões ligadas ao contexto escolar, as disciplinas que foram citadas pela aluna pesquisada, bem como a relação professor-aluno. Analisou-se ainda, prioritariamente, as respostas dadas em relação as disciplinas de Física e de Matemática. A metodologia seguida foi o estudo de caso e o instrumento para coleta de dados em um primeiro momento foi um questionário semiestruturado e no segundo momento utilizou-se a entrevista presencial. Os resultados ajudaram a mapear o papel da EJA na emancipação dos sujeitos. Conclui-se que houve um resgate social da aluna pesquisada que gerou oportunidade na vida social e o exercício do direito pelas leis que regem a EJA no Brasil.
Um tupi tangendo o alaúde: a poética de Mário de Andrade
Authors: Rebechi Junior Arlindo
Published: December 2022

Este artigo tematiza alguns aspectos da poesia do grande intelectual e artista Mário de Andrade. O escritor paulista foi um dos responsáveis pela renovação modernista entre os anos 1920 e 1930, tendo ele uma atuação em várias frentes: a produção literária, o ensaísmo e a crítica de arte, a produção e atuação na seara jornalística, entre outras coisas. De modo geral, o propósito deste artigo é discutir algumas linhas de força que compõe a heterogênea e complexa poesia de Mário de Andrade partindo do seu livro marco do modernismo brasileiro, o célebre Pauliceia desvairada (1922), considerado pela crítica literária como a primeira obra da poesia moderna brasileira.
Differential Expression of Inflammarafts in Macrophage Foam Cells and in Nonfoamy Macrophages in Atherosclerotic Lesions—Brief Report
Authors: Navia-Pelaez Juliana M. , Agatisa-Boyle Colin , Choi Soo-Ho , Sak Kim Yi , Li Shenglin , Alekseeva Elena , Weldy Kimberly , Miller Yury I.
Published: December 2022

Background:

Reprogramming of monocytes and macrophage manifests in hyperinflammatory responses and chronification of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Recent studies focused on epigenetic, transcriptional, and metabolic alterations that characterize trained immunity. However, the underlying effector mechanisms driving the hyperinflammatory response of reprogrammed macrophages remain unclear. We hypothesized that the plasma membrane of atherosclerotic lesion macrophages undergoes reprogramming to maintain inflammarafts, enlarged lipid rafts (LR) serving as a platform for assembly of inflammatory receptor complexes.

Methods:

Single-cell suspensions from the aortae of Western diet–fed
Ldlr

−/−

mice were gated for BODIPY-high foamy and BODIPY-low nonfoamy F4/80 macrophages by flow cytometry. Inflammarafts were characterized by increased levels of LR, TLR4 (toll-like receptor-4) localization to LR, TLR4 dimers, and the proximity between TLR2, TLR1, and CD36. In a cellular model of trained immunity, LR, TLR4 dimers, and the inflammatory response were measured in bone marrow–derived macrophages subjected to a 24-hour treatment with LPS (lipopolysaccharide) or OxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), followed by a 6-day wash-out period.

Results:

Nonfoamy macrophages, which constituted ≈40% of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions, expressed significantly higher levels of LR and TLR4 dimers, as well as proximity ligation signals for TLR4-LR, TLR2-CD36, and TLR2-TLR1 complexes, compared with foamy macrophages. These inflammaraft measures associated, to a different degree, with plasma cholesterol and inflammatory cytokines, as well as the size of the atherosclerotic lesions and necrotic cores. The bone marrow–derived macrophages trained with LPS simulated nonfoamy atherosclerotic lesion macrophages and continued to express inflammarafts and inflammatory genes for 6 days after LPS removal and displayed a hyperinflammatory response to Pam3CSK4, a TLR2/TLR1 agonist. OxLDL-exposed, lipid-laden macrophages did not express inflammarafts.

Conclusions:

Our data support the hypothesis that persistent inflammarafts in nonfoamy macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions serve as effectors of macrophage reprogramming into a hyperinflammatory phenotype.
Cardiac Adverse Events Associated With Chemo‐Radiation Versus Chemotherapy for Resectable Stage III Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer: A Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results‐Medicare Study
Authors: Herbach Emma , O'Rorke Michael A. , Carnahan Ryan M. , McDowell Bradley D. , Allen Bryan , Grumbach Isabella , London Barry , Smith Brian J. , Spitz Douglas R. , Seaman Aaron , Chrischilles Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2022

Background

We compared cardiac outcomes for surgery‐eligible patients with stage III non‐small‐cell lung cancer treated adjuvantly or neoadjuvantly with chemotherapy versus chemo‐radiation therapy in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results‐Medicare database.

Methods and Results

Patients were age 66+, had stage IIIA/B resectable non‐small‐cell lung cancer diagnosed between 2007 and 2015, and received adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemo‐radiation within 121 days of diagnosis. Patients having chemo‐radiation and chemotherapy only were propensity‐score matched and followed from day 121 to first cardiac outcome, noncardiac death, radiation initiation by patients who received chemotherapy only, fee‐for‐service enrollment interruption, or December 31, 2016. Cause‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) and competing risks subdistribution HRs were estimated. The primary outcome was the first of these severe cardiac events: acute myocardial infarction, other hospitalized ischemic heart disease, hospitalized heart failure, percutaneous coronary intervention/coronary artery bypass graft, cardiac death, or urgent/inpatient care for pericardial disease, conduction abnormality, valve disorder, or ischemic heart disease. With median follow‐up of 13 months, 70 of 682 patients who received chemo‐radiation (10.26%) and 43 of 682 matched patients who received chemotherapy only (6.30%) developed a severe cardiac event (
P
=0.008) with median time to first event 5.45 months. Chemo‐radiation increased the rate of severe cardiac events (cause‐specific HR: 1.62 [95% CI, 1.11–2.37] and subdistribution HR: 1.41 [95% CI, 0.97–2.04]). Cancer severity appeared greater among patients who received chemo‐radiation (noncardiac death cause‐specific HR, 2.53 [95% CI, 1.93–3.33] and subdistribution HR, 2.52 [95% CI, 1.90–3.33]).

Conclusions

Adding radiation therapy to chemotherapy is associated with an increased risk of severe cardiac events among patients with resectable stage III non‐small‐cell lung cancer for whom survival benefit of radiation therapy is unclear.
Sonic Piety in Early New England
Authors: Russo Francis
Published: December 2022

This article reinterprets New England's 1720s Singing Controversy as a sensory event that altered the nature of puritan sonic piety in early New England. Far from a parochial peculiarity in the history of American music, the 1720s singing reforms were part of broader challenges to a previous way of knowing-an epistemology, or, in this context, an “acoustemology.”
Keeping up with the Catholics: Protestant Evangelism in the Late 17th Century
Authors: Diller Lisa Clark
Published: December 2022

James II’s reign opened up space for Catholic mission activity within England. Priests, both foreign and English-born, set up public worship services that were open for visitors to attend. A wave of pamphlets explaining the Roman Catholic faith rolled over the country, and converts were encouraged to publish their stories of leaving Protestantism. Schools were opened, apparently attended by both Catholics and Protestants. And the important pastoral work of invigorating English Catholics, educating them and encouraging them in piety, began. Devout Protestants immediately recognized the efficacy of these missions and admired how quickly they worked. Beginning in the reign of James, they argued that they should also be doing such missional work. This paper looks at what Catholics prioritized in their work in England under James II, and how English Protestants referenced those examples in their own work after 1688.
Transculturality, Otherness and the Antimonies of Transnational Mobility in Jamal Mahjoub’s Travelling with Djinns
Authors: Ezema Nnaemeka
Published: December 2022

The continuous transnational mobility facilitated by various elements of globalisation, evidently, enhances transcultural consciousness. Despite the increasing interest in transnational mobility among critics, its effect on the different perceptions of new identity formation in Mahjoub’s Travelling with Djinns has not got the deserved critical attention. Using Achille Mbembe’s perspectives in On the Postcolony, the paper attempts to critically engage the transcultural sensibility of the characters and otherness that occur in their relationships and how all these affect their sense of belonging. Estranged from their supposed indigenous cultural affiliation, the characters are also unable to get integrated into the mainstream western culture. In the text, it is clear that while transnational mobility continues to influence new identity formation, the characters are still perceived with stereotypical indexicalities. Mahjoub’s text depicts the contested place of identity by juxtaposing transculturality and otherness, portraying their effects on the person, the family and the postcolonial state.
Pour une redéfinition de la notion de “retour”
Authors: Godin Marie , Nsengiyumva Jean-Luc , Demart Sarah
Published: December 2022

La question du retour des migrants africains installés en Europe est loin d’être neuve avec des travaux qui se focalisent essentiellement sur les aspirations au retour et les processus de sa concrétisation. Aussi pertinent qu’il puisse être, ce focus repose sur une approche limitée, du fait du privilège accordé à la spatialité du phénomène, ce qui trahit une conception normative héritée des politiques d’immigration et de développement. Soumettre notre compréhension du retour à une catégorie qui est indissociable du management des flux migratoires, ne permet pas de penser de manière adéquate le retour comme déplacement spatial, mais aussi politique, culturel, identitaire, devant être resitué dans l’histoire longue de cet espace afro-européen. Ce changement d’échelle temporelle suppose un changement de régime épistémologique que nous souhaitons explorer à partir du point de vue des personnes d’ascendance congolaise et rwandaise nées et, ou socialisées en Belgique.
Electrocardiographic QTc as a Surrogate Measure of Cardiac Risk in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Eating Disorders
Authors: Dinardo Perry B. , Rome Ellen S. , Taub Ira B. , Liu Wei , Zahka Kenneth , Aziz Peter F.
Published: December 2022

The study goal was to investigate electrocardiographic findings, including corrected QT interval (QTc), in patients aged 8 to 23 with eating disorders (EDs) at presentation, compared with an age-and sex-matched control population. We retrospectively reviewed 200 ED patients, and 200 controls. Blinded electrocardiograms (ECGs) were interpreted by an expert reader, and QT intervals corrected using the Bazett formula. Eating disorder patients were 89.5% female, with mean age 16.4 years and median percent median body mass index (BMI)-for-age (%mBMI)a of 91.1%. In ED patients, QTc was significantly shorter than controls (399.6 vs 415.0msec, P < .001). After adjusting for height, %mBMI, sex, magnesium level, and bradycardia, mean QTc duration in patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting subtype (AN-R) was significantly shorter than other ED patients ( P = .010). Higher %mBMI was associated with shorter QTc duration ( P = .041) after adjusting for height, magnesium, bradycardia, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) diagnosis. Within the ED group, no significant association was identified between QTc and medications, electrolytes, or inpatient status.
School Choice, Local Discretion, and Stratification: Evidence From Inter-district Open Enrollment in Metro Detroit
Authors: Singer Jeremy
Published: December 2022

School choice policies can, by design or in implementation, give schools and districts discretion over enrollment. In this study, I examine the effect of local discretion over inter-district open enrollment on non-resident enrollment. I use longitudinal data on open enrollment patterns and policies in the metropolitan Detroit area. I find that when districts set more restrictive open enrollment policies, they enroll fewer new non-resident students overall, due to a decrease in new Black, Hispanic, and low-income non-resident students specifically. When districts allow inter-district open enrollment, racial and socioeconomic segregation within those districts do not change, and racial isolation slightly increases. My findings suggest that regulating enrollment policies to reduce discretionary exclusion can increase access to inter-district choice for some low-income and racially minoritized students, but that these kinds of policy changes are unlikely to reduce racial segregation and socioeconomic stratification more broadly.
Energy-efficient manufacturing of multifunctional vascularized composites
Authors: Centellas Polette , Garg Mayank , Chen Zhuoting , Zhang Xiang , Parikh Nil , Geubelle Philippe , Sottos Nancy
Published: December 2022

The retention and transport of different fluids inside synthetic microvascular fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites enable environmentally adaptive functions, including thermal regulation, self-healing, and electromagnetic modulation. However, manufacturing of vascularized components involves an energy- and time-intensive multistep process to cure the host matrix (several hours at elevated temperature) and then evacuate the embedded sacrificial template (12–24 h at 200°C under vacuum). Here, we demonstrate rapid (minutes), energy-efficient, and scalable fabrication of vascularized FRP composites at room temperature using the exothermic frontal polymerization of a dicyclopentadiene host matrix. The chemical energy released during frontal curing of the host resin facilitates the endothermic depolymerization of an embedded sacrificial thermoplastic to create structures with high-fidelity microchannels, reducing the thermal energy for fabrication by nearly four orders of magnitude compared to previous methods. The presence of fiber reinforcement in this tandem curing and vascularization strategy presents several challenges related to successful frontal curing and microchannel formation. Increasing the volume fraction of fiber reinforcement ( Vf) decreases the volume of the host resin matrix, generating less energy for sustaining the curing and vascularization processes. Heat retention for several minutes after completion of frontal curing using thermally insulating tooling is crucial for obtaining clear microchannels in composite specimens with Vf = 60%. Simulation of the vascularization process confirms the slower depolymerization of the sacrificial templates in high- Vf composites. A nominal decrease in channel circularity also occurs with an increase in the compaction pressure required for high Vf of composite panels. We leverage this rapid manufacturing strategy to fabricate hybrid composites with vascular networks that span the bulk of the composite and a surface coating for potential self-healing applications.
Young Citizens’ Party Support: The “When” and “Who” of Political Influence within Families
Authors: Fitzgerald Jennifer , Bacovsky Pavel
Published: December 2022

Decades of evidence point to the vital role of parents in shaping their children’s partisan leanings, particularly concerning mainstream parties. And yet the contours of intergenerational influence remain quite obscured. For instance, scholars disagree on when social learning in the household occurs (childhood vs adolescence) and about who is the dominant socializer (mother vs father). Data from a long-term German household panel survey allow for a fine-grained examination of intergenerational influence processes over time. We model the partisan preferences of 18-year-olds as a function of their mothers’ and fathers’ own contemporaneous and past partisan preferences. Our intergenerational inquiry reveals that mothers dominate socialization during childhood while influence in late adolescence is more evenly distributed between mothers and fathers. We also find that mothers have an advantage over fathers in communicating center-left party preferences. These findings have implications for our understanding of socialization, partisanship, and democratic stability.
Simulation study on the influence of wheel irregularity on the vertical dynamics of wheel–rail interaction for high-speed railway track using bond graph
Authors: Patel Yamika , Rastogi Vikas , Borutzky Wolfgang
Published: December 2022

Dynamic interaction between train wheel and high-speed slab is an important issue when evaluating the contact force at the wheel–rail interface under the influence of an irregularity either on the train wheel or on the rail. In this paper, an influence of amplitude of irregularity along with the vehicle speed on the dynamics of wheel–rail interaction for high-speed railway tracks is being analyzed. For this purpose, single-wheel high-speed railway (HSR) track interaction models are developed using the bond graph modeling technique. The HSR track model consists of two layers of beam, i.e., rail and concrete slab. Both the rail and slab track is modeled using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The Hertzian contact theory at the wheel–rail interface has been considered for this analysis. The vertical dynamic interaction between a train wheel and a high-speed slab track is compiled in the time domain using a bond graph approach coupled with a technique known as modal superposition. Irregularity present on the wheel is characterized as smooth, moderate, and severe depending upon the variation of irregularity amplitude. An expeditious increase of maximum contact force has been observed between the speed range of 200 and 250 km/h. Beyond the speed of 250 km/h, there is a gradual increment of contact force up to its peak value. When the train speed is beyond 288 km/h, there is a gradual decrease in maximum contact force. This kind of several other useful dynamic responses in terms of wheel acceleration and wheel–rail overlap are also evaluated.
“Put a mark on the errors”: Seventeenth-century medicine and science
Authors: Leonard Alice , Parker Sarah E.
Published: December 2022

Error is a neglected epistemological category in the history of science. This neglect has been driven by the commonsense idea that its elimination is a general good, which often renders it invisible or at least not worth noticing. At the end of the sixteenth century across Europe, medicine increasingly focused on “popular errors,” a genre where learned doctors addressed potential patients to disperse false belief about treatments. By the mid-seventeenth century, investigations into popular error informed the working methodology of natural philosophers, rather than just physicians. In 1646, Thomas Browne published Pseudodoxia Epidemica, a large volume on popular error. Despite Browne’s formal training as a physician, this work examined only a few medical errors and instead aspired to be an encyclopedia of error. Pseudodoxia Epidemica was highly popular, running to six editions, and was known by the Fellows of the Royal Society. Influenced by Browne, alongside Bacon’s theory of the idols, natural philosophic practice in the late sixteenth and seventeenth century developed a focus on error that revised traditional attention to the discovery of knowledge. Fellows such as Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke proposed new ways to secure truth under the far-reaching influence of Bacon’s refutations of “natural human reason” distorted by false idols, of syllogistic logic, and of “theories,” his label for traditional philosophical systems that bias thought toward falsity. In three parts, this article traces the progression in early modern scientific approaches to handling error, and especially medical error – from physicians’ efforts to identify and eradicate it through collaborative effort, to the striking tension in Browne’s work between seeking to eliminate error while also showing a marked tolerance for it, to the Royal Society’s Baconian objective of instrumentalizing error to find truth. Error emerges as its own epistemic category that serves as a driving force toward knowledge production.
Prescribed fixed-time consensus control of multiple second-order systems with communication connectivity assurance
Authors: Zhang Gang , Cheng Deqiang , Weng Zhiyong , Lin Hai
Published: December 2022

The leader-following consensus tracking problem is investigated for multiple second-order agent systems subject to communication range constraints in this paper. First, a novel fixed-time convergent performance function is developed to quantitatively characterize the consensus tracking performance. Then, an auxiliary state variable is defined by integrating the position and velocity consensus tracking errors with the potential function for removing the communication range constraints. Based on this auxiliary state variable, a fixed-time leader-following consensus controller is devised to guarantee the preassigned consensus tracking performance and communication preservation simultaneously. Compared with the existing consensus control methods, the prominent advantage of the proposed one is that the fixed-time convergence rate of the position and velocity tracking errors can be guaranteed without applying discontinuous control techniques. And the communication connectivity among the multiple agents is assured simultaneously via adding a potential function into the auxiliary state. Finally, two groups of illustrative examples are organized to validate the effectiveness of the proposed consensus control method.
Research on mixed traffic flow model based on multi-node bilateral control model and chain stability analysis
Authors: Zheng Min , Ruan Mengfan , Zhong Daxing , Lin Haisheng
Published: December 2022

With the development of wireless communication technology, vehicles can obtain more vehicle status information on the same road. From the control point of view, when the vehicle control needs to use the state information of a plurality of surrounding vehicles, it becomes an important problem to determine the weighting coefficients of the information of these different vehicles. Moreover, different vehicle status information should have different weight coefficients. In this paper, Gaussian curve is introduced as the objective function and the shape of curve is adjusted by parameters to determine the weight coefficients of vehicle nodes more flexibly. On this basis, considering the characteristics of multi-node bilateral control, bilateral control, and car-following control, a scalable hybrid control block model (CBMBC) is proposed. And the necessary condition of chain stability of the proposed bilateral hybrid control block scheme is given. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified by simulation.
From Individual Anxiety to Collective Narcissism? Adult Attachment Styles and Different Types of National Commitment
Authors: Marchlewska Marta , Górska Paulina , Green Ricky , Szczepańska Dagmara , Rogoza Marta , Molenda Zuzanna , Michalski Piotr
Published: December 2022

National narcissism and national identification, two distinct types of national commitment, differ in terms of their psychological concomitants. Therefore, in the current article, we hypothesized that they would also relate to different adult attachment styles. Namely, we proposed that national narcissism would be positively associated with higher attachment anxiety, while national identification would be associated with lower attachment anxiety and avoidance. These hypotheses were tested in three cross-sectional surveys (Study 1 N = 570; Study 3 N = 558; Study 4 N = 649) and one longitudinal survey (Study 2 N = 808). In all studies, we found a consistent positive relationship between attachment anxiety and national narcissism, and a negative relationship between attachment avoidance and national identification. Finally, we also demonstrated indirect effects of attachment anxiety (via national narcissism) on maladaptive group-related outcomes: conspiracy beliefs, non-normative collective action, and willingness to conspire.
“I Will Return Strong”: The Role of Life Aspirations in Refugees’ Return Aspirations
Authors: Müller-Funk Lea , Fransen Sonja
Published: December 2022

This article studies how return migration aspirations are formed and realized in the context of protracted displacement. Drawing on a mixed-methods study that included survey research and in-depth interviews in Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria conducted, we study whether respondents aspired to return (i) currently, with the conflict still ongoing; and (ii) in the future, if the war were to end. Our analyses reveal how broader life aspirations play a crucial role in shaping return aspirations, and how current and future return aspirations are separate concepts. Current return aspirations were strongly stratified. For economically vulnerable respondents, current return considerations were often related to survival, whereas for respondents from the educated middle class, current return aspirations were part of their broader life aspirations. Aspirations to return after the war's end were largely driven by a wish to realize broader life goals. Future return aspirations often functioned as a mental coping strategy to keep hope for change in the future — including political change — alive. Return abilities favored those with higher socioeconomic status, those who had remained neutral in the conflict and those willing to take high risks. Overall, our analyses illustrate the usefulness of the aspirations-abilities framework, and the important role of life aspirations, in understanding return-migration decisions in a context of protracted displacement.
Critical Enablers that Mitigate Supply Chain Disruption: A Perspective from Indian MSMEs
Authors: Bhattacharya Lipika , Chatterjee Ayan , Chatterjee Debmallya
Published: December 2022

The study attempts to identify the critical enablers that can mitigate supply chain (SC) disruption and model the interconnectedness among them in the context of the Indian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The supply chain in many Indian MSMEs has been seriously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, bringing forth the need to identify avenues that can mitigate the disruptions. This study conducts a two-stage qualitative interview and a structured interview with MSME owners. Domain experts are associated with the automotive, aerospace and design services industries. Based on their responses, we have identified seven major critical enablers specific in the context of Indian MSMEs. To model the interconnection among these factors, we have used the ISM (Interpretive Structural Modelling) approach. Results suggest that ‘top management support’ is the most crucial enabler in the hierarchy. Further, we find that if the supply chain is designed efficiently with redundancy in mind and the culture of the MSME remains conducive, advanced forms of ‘multi-sourcing’ and differentiated logistics can be explored to mitigate supply chain disruption.
Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a retrospective observational study based on 1060 patients with a narrative review
Authors: Negro Alberto , Tortora Mario , Gemini Laura , de Falco Arturo , Somma Francesco , d’Agostino Vincenzo
Published: December 2022

Background

In the past two decades, three coronavirus epidemics have been reported. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In most patients, the disease is characterized by interstitial pneumonia, but features can affect other organs.

Purpose

To document the radiological features of the patients and to perform a narrative review of the literature.

Material and Methods

We conducted a retrospective, single-center study on 1060 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at our institution. According to the inclusion criteria, we selected patients to be studied in more radiological detail. All images were obtained as per standard of care protocols. We performed a statistic analysis to describe radiological features. We then presented a systematic review of the main and conventional neuroimaging findings in COVID-19.

Results

Of 1060 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 disease, 15% (159) met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 16 (10%) did not undergo radiological examinations for various reasons, while 143 (90%) were examined. Of these 143 patients, 48 (33.6%) had positive neuroimaging. We found that the most frequent pathology was acute ischemic stroke (n=16, 33.3%). Much less frequent were Guillain–Barre syndrome (n=9, 18.8%), cerebral venous thrombosis (n=7, 14.6%), encephalitis or myelitis (n=6, 12.5%), intracranial hemorrhage and posterior hemorrhagic encephalopathy syndrome (n=4, 8.3%), exacerbation of multiple sclerosis (n=4, 8.3%), and Miller–Fisher syndrome (n=2, 4.2%).

Conclusion

Our data are coherent with the published literature. Knowledge of these patterns will make clinicians consider COVID-19 infection when unexplained neurological findings are encountered.
Disruptions in Primary Care among People with Schizophrenia in Ontario, Canada, During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Stephenson Ellen , Yusuf Abban , Gronsbell Jessica , Tu Karen , Melamed Osnat , Mitiku Tezeta , Selby Peter , O’Neill Braden
Published: December 2022

Objective

To investigate how primary care access, intensity and quality of care changed among patients living with schizophrenia before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.

Methods

This cohort study was performed using primary care electronic medical record data from the University of Toronto Practice-Based Research Network (UTOPIAN), a network of > 500 family physicians in Ontario, Canada. Data were collected during primary care visits from 2643 patients living with schizophrenia. Rates of primary care health service use (in-person and virtual visits with family physicians) and key preventive health indices indicated in antipsychotic monitoring (blood pressure readings, hemoglobin A1c, cholesterol and complete blood cell count [CBC] tests) were measured and compared in the 12 months before and after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Access to in-person care dropped with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. During the first year of the pandemic only 39.5% of patients with schizophrenia had at least one in-person visit compared to 81.0% the year prior. There was a corresponding increase in virtual visits such that 78.0% of patients had a primary care appointment virtually during the pandemic period. Patients prescribed injectable antipsychotics were more likely to continue having more frequent in-person appointments during the pandemic than patients prescribed only oral or no antipsychotic medications. The proportion of patients who did not have recommended tests increased from 41.0% to 72.4% for blood pressure readings, from 48.9% to 60.2% for hemoglobin A1c, from 57.0% to 67.8% for LDL cholesterol and 45.0% to 56.0% for CBC tests during the pandemic.

Conclusions

There were substantial decreases in preventive care after the onset of the pandemic, although primary care access was largely maintained through virtual care. Addressing these deficiencies will be essential to promoting health equity and reducing the risk of poor health outcomes.
Do Workers Speak Up When Feeling Job Insecure? Examining Workers’ Response to Precarity During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rho Hye Jin , Riordan Christine , Ibsen Christian Lyhne , Lamare J. Ryan , Tapia Maite
Published: December 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic inflicted unprecedented precarity upon workers, including concerns about job insecurity. We examine whether workers respond to job insecurity with voice, and assess the role of unions, managers, and employment arrangements in this relationship. Analyses of an original 2020 survey representative of Illinois and Michigan workers show that job insecurity is not significantly associated with voice. Further, while we find that union membership and confidence in organized labor are positively associated with voice, insecure workers are less likely to speak up than secure workers as confidence in organized labor increases. Last, we find that insecure nonstandard workers are less likely to use voice than their secure counterparts.
Effect of fiber orientation on temperature history during laser-assisted thermoplastic fiber placement
Authors: Barzegar Ali , Karimi Sasan , Sukur Emine Feyza , Sas Hatice S , Yildiz Mehmet
Published: December 2022

In this study, the effect of fiber orientation on the temperature history during the layup process is comprehensively investigated experimentally and numerically. Specimens with three different fiber orientations (i.e. [0°/0°/0°], [0°/45°/0°], and [0°/90°/0°]) are manufactured at two layup speeds and characterized for determining the degree of intimate contact and then calculating the thermal contact resistance. Then, an improved thermal model with thermal contact resistance is developed and validated to predict the temperature history accurately. The experimental results indicate that the degree of intimate contact decreases by increasing the difference in fiber orientation between the interfaces of successive plies, revealing a relationship between substrate fiber orientations and cooling rates. The effect of cooling rate on the degree of crystallinity is studied for all stacking configurations at two layup speeds and found that as the angle between the subsequent plies decreases, the cooling increases, leading to a drop in the degree of crystallinity. The outcomes of this study address the need for an improved thermal model approach for accurately predicting the thermal history of the manufactured composite by the laser-assisted fiber placement process.
Exploring Social Norms and Control Coercive on Intimate Partner Violence in the Young. Implications for Prevention
Authors: Lledó Rando Carmen , Perles Novas Fabiola , San Martín García Jesús
Published: December 2022

This empirical work focuses on social norms as a way of transmitting psychological violence in young people, which could be affecting the effectiveness of preventive programs in dating violence. These programs are effective in changing beliefs, but new intervention approaches are in demand due to the former’s limitations in achieving behavioral changes. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate that some dimensions of psychological violence are transmitted as a descriptive social norm, without any need of victimization. In a sample of 1,265 people (18–25 years old) and through two different studies, we explored the perception of prescriptive and descriptive social norms in situations of coercive control applied to three contexts (Study 1), isolation and domination (Study 2), under the hypothesis that coercive control is passed on as a descriptive social norm between peers. Characteristics describing diversity are taken into account. The results in frequency and Structural Equation Model analysis confirm the main hypothesis, because both perceptions are not correlated. Social norms no covariate with social characteristics. Same cannot be said of isolation and domination, leading to three conclusions for prevention. (1) Not all psychological violence works the same. Coercive control starts from a primary cognitive process that requires complementary actions, based for example on the cognitive hierarchy among social norms; (2) Preventive programs are often based on “prescribed” behaviors, related to the consequences they have on victims, whereas the descriptive social norm found in this study does not correlate with victimization, unless control is applied to specific contexts. Therefore, an additional effort in prevention could go deeper with more specific behaviors that show both the different types of psychological violence and the contexts of application; (3) Finally, at the policy level, results found call for the need for preventive efforts on psychological violence in the 18 to 25 age group and specific awareness campaigns.