bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Native dynamics and allosteric responses in PTP1B probed by high-resolution HDX-MS
Authors: Woods Virgil A. , Abzalimov Rinat R. , Keedy Daniel A.
Published: July 2023

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a validated therapeutic target for obesity, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. In particular, allosteric inhibitors hold potential for therapeutic use, but an incomplete understanding of conformational dynamics and allostery in this protein has hindered their development. Here, we interrogate solution dynamics and allosteric responses in PTP1B using high-resolution hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS), an emerging and powerful biophysical technique. Using HDX-MS, we obtain a detailed map of the solution dynamics of apo PTP1B, revealing several flexible loops interspersed among more constrained and rigid regions within the protein structure, as well as local regions that exchange faster than expected from their secondary structure and buriedness. We demonstrate that our HDX rate data obtained in solution adds value to predictions of dynamics derived from a pseudo-ensemble constructed from ∼200 crystal structures of PTP1B. Furthermore, we report HDX-MS maps for PTP1B with active-site vs. allosteric small-molecule inhibitors. These maps reveal distinct, dramatic, and widespread effects on protein dynamics relative to the apo form, including changes to dynamics in locations distal (>35 Å) from the respective ligand binding sites. These results help shed light on the allosteric nature of PTP1B and the surprisingly far-reaching consequences of inhibitor binding in this important protein. Overall, our work showcases the potential of HDX-MS for elucidating protein conformational dynamics and allosteric effects of small-molecule ligands, and highlights the potential of integrating HDX-MS alongside other complementary methods to guide the development of new therapeutics.
Adaptive introgression of a visual preference gene
Authors: Rossi Matteo , Hausmann Alexander E. , Alcami Pepe , Moest Markus , Wright Daniel Shane , Kuo Chi-Yun , Lozano Daniela , Maulana Arif , Melo-Flórez Lina , Muñoz Geraldine Rueda- , McMahon Saoirse , Linares Mauricio , Owen McMillan W. , Pardo-Diaz Carolina , Salazar Camilo , Merrill Richard M.
Published: July 2023

Visual preferences are important drivers of mate choice and sexual selection, but little is known of how they evolve at the genetic level. Here we take advantage of the diversity of bright warning patterns displayed byHeliconiusbutterflies, which are also used during mate choice. We show that twoHeliconiusspecies have evolved the same visual mating preferences for females with red patterns by exchanging genetic material through hybridization. Extensive behavioral experiments reveal that male preferences are associated with a genomic region of increased admixture between these two species. Variation in neural expression ofregucalcin1, located within this introgressed region, correlates with visual preference across populations, and disruption ofregucalcin1with CRISPR/Cas9 impairs courtship towards conspecific females, proving a direct link between gene and behavior. Our results support a role for hybridization during behavioral evolution, and show how visually-guided behaviors contributing to adaptation and speciation are encoded within the genome.
Deciphering the driving forces in crystal packing by analysis of electrostatic energies and contact enrichment ratios
Authors: Jelsch Christian , Bibila Mayaya Bisseyou Yvon
Published: July 2023

Hirshfeld surface analysis is a widely used tool for identifying the types of intermolecular contacts that contribute most significantly to crystal packing stabilization. One useful metric for analyzing these contacts is the contact enrichment descriptor, which indicates the types of contacts that are over- or under-represented. In this statistical study, enrichment ratios were combined with electrostatic energy (E
elec) data for a variety of compound families. To compute the electrostatic interaction energy between atoms, charge density models from the ELMAM2 database of multipolar atoms were used. As expected, strong hydrogen bonds such as O/N—H...N and O/N—H...O typically display large enrichment values and have the most negative (i.e. favorable) electrostatic energies. Conversely, contacts that are repulsive from an electrostatic perspective are usually the most under-represented. Analyzing the enrichment ratio and electrostatic energy indicators was shown to help identify which favorable contacts are the most competitive with each other. For weaker interactions, such as hydrophobic contacts, the behavior is less clear cut and can depend on other factors such as the chemical content of the molecule. The anticorrelation between contact enrichment and E
elec is generally lost for weaker contacts. However, we observed that C...C contacts are often enriched in crystal structures containing heterocycles, despite the low electrostatic attraction. For molecules with only weak hydrogen bond donors/acceptors and hydrophobic groups, the correlation between contact enrichment and E
elec is still evident for the strongest of these interactions. However, there are some exceptions where the most favorable contacts from an electrostatic perspective are not the most over-represented. This can occur in cases where the shape of the molecule is complex or elongated, favoring dispersion forces and shape complementarity in the packing.
Marketing placebo effect on consumption of reduced-sugar labeled products
Authors: Huang Li , Song Xi , Liu Matthew Tingchi
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to enhance the understanding of the marketing placebo effect (MPE) by proposing and empirically testing a model of antecedents and consequences of MPE for reduced-sugar labeled products in the food industry.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was conducted on a sample of 409 consumers to collect data on their health consciousness, sugar-induced anxiety, self-congruity, fresh start mindset and MPE of reduced front-of-pack sugar labeling in food products. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results highlight the sugar-induced anxiety as the most pronounced determinant for the proposed placebo effect. Health consciousness was observed to indirectly influence the MPE via mediators (sugar-induced anxiety and self-congruity). Furthermore, the supporting role of the fresh start mindset moderates the relationships between health consciousness, sugar-induced anxiety, self-congruity and the MPE.

Research limitations/implications

This study is one of the few to investigate the moderating effects of having a fresh start mindset on the MPE of reduced-sugar labeled products. Moreover, the study contributes to the growing body of research on the indirect effects of health consciousness on consumer behavior, highlighting the important role of emotional (anxiety) and self-congruity factors in shaping the MPE toward reduced-sugar labeled products.

Practical implications

By understanding the complex interplay between the variables of the antecedents and consequences of MPE for reduced-sugar labeled products, which engenders consumer attitude and belief about sugar intake, marketers and policymakers can develop more effective campaign strategies to promote such products and, consequently, a healthy diet and lifestyle.

Originality/value

This study is one of the few to investigate the moderating effects of the fresh start mindset on the MPE of reduced-sugar labeled products. Moreover, the study contributes to the growing body of research on the indirect effects of health consciousness on consumer behavior, highlighting the critical role emotional (i.e. anxiety) and cognitive (i.e. self-congruity) factors play in shaping the outcome of the MPE of reduced-sugar labeling in products.
Eating halal: a serial mediation model for the effect of religiosity on the intention to purchase halal-certified food
Authors: Loussaief Aida , Ying-Chao Lin Julia , Phuc Dang Huu , Bouslama Neji , Cheng Julian Ming-Sung
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This research discloses the effect of religiosity on purchasing intention through serial-mediation paths in a halal-certified food context. Borrowing from the identity theory while supplemented by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the knowledge–attitude–practice (KAP) theory, a 4-layered framework is developed to investigate such an issue.

Design/methodology/approach

264 questionnaires are collected in the field study conducted in Tunis, Tunisia. Quota sampling method is applied. Testing of the hypotheses is performed using partial least square analysis.

Findings

The findings reveal that religiosity affects the four mediators—awareness, trust, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control—which in turn affect attitude, and purchase intention towards halal-certified food is eventually aroused. These four serial-mediation paths are further proved to form the mechanisms.

Research limitations/implications

The field study participants are limited to consumers in Tunis. Besides, a mechanism to collect the data from general public including lower educated consumers should be necessary.

Originality/value

This research is a pioneering work investigating the sequential intervening effect in the religiosity-intention relationship in halal-certified food. The authors provide unique and fruitful insights into this relatively untapped field for academia and firms.
One-woman director mandate and earnings quality: role of financial expertise and woman presence on the audit committee
Authors: Bansal Manish
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The study examines the impact of a recent mandate (Section 149 of the Indian Companies Act, 2013, where firms of a certain size are mandated to appoint at least one woman director on the board) on the earnings quality of firms. The study also examines the role of financial expertise and the presence of a woman director in the audit committee on the association between mandate and earnings quality.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking leverage of a quasi-natural experiment in India, the authors employ the ‘Difference-in-Difference’ (DiD) technique. DiD enables the author to filter out the impact of concurrent exogenous shocks while examining the issue. The propensity score matching and entropy balancing techniques have been employed to overcome the problem of endogeneity and self-selection bias.

Findings

Based on the sample of 538 Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) listed firms, the author finds that magnitude of discretionary accruals has decreased among test firms (firms mandated to comply with Section 149) relative to benchmark marks (firms not mandated to comply with Section 149) during the post-legislation period, indicating the improved earning quality after the mandate. This finding is consistent with the notion of social role theory that women are less likely to be engaged in risky activities such as earnings management. Further, the author find that the financial expertise of the woman and presence of the woman on the audit committee strengthen the positive impact of the mandate on earnings quality. These results are robust to alternative measurements of discretionary accruals.

Originality/value

The study is among the pioneering attempts to make use of a quasi-natural experiment and investigate the impact of a woman director on earnings quality. The study is also one of the few studies to focus on a developing country like India having a culture dominated by men.
Consumer intention to use service robots: a cognitive–affective–conative framework
Authors: Huang Dan , Chen Qiurong , Huang Songshan (Sam) , Liu Xinyi
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Drawing on the cognitive–affective–conative framework, this study aims to develop a model of service robot acceptance in the hospitality sector by incorporating both cognitive evaluations and affective responses.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods was used to develop measurement and test research hypotheses.

Findings

The results show that five cognitive evaluations (i.e. cuteness, coolness, courtesy, utility and autonomy) significantly influence consumers’ positive affect, leading to customer acceptance intention. Four cognitive evaluations (cuteness, interactivity, courtesy and utility) significantly influence consumers’ negative affect, which in turn positively affects consumer acceptance intention.

Practical implications

This study provides significant implications for the design and implementation of service robots in the hospitality and tourism sector.

Originality/value

Different from traditional technology acceptance models, this study proposed a model based on the hierarchical relationships of cognition, affect and conation to enhance knowledge about human–robot interactions.
Paradigm shift: students’ perceptions of work models and well-being
Authors: Monje-Amor Ariadna
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the benefits and drawbacks of different work models, including hybrid and remote models, as perceived by millennial and Gen Z students in Spain. Additionally, it seeks to identify ways to promote work engagement in the context of this paradigm shift.

Design/methodology/approach

The study involved 44 undergraduate and graduate students who participated in two classroom discussions on the impact of hybrid and remote work models on well-being. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Findings

The results indicate that students' expectations have significantly shifted, and HR managers need to implement hybrid and remote work models to ensure a balance between long-term employee and organisational interests. Younger generations seek flexibility in work and education to achieve a better quality of life, rather than a 100% remote system.

Originality/value

The growing demand for hybrid and flexible working has the potential to create a paradigm shift in the way we work. This study contributes to the organisational behaviour literature by investigating the factors that organisations and policymakers should consider when implementing work models in response to the pandemic to promote well-being. The practical implications of this study can be useful for organisations and educators seeking to adapt to this changing work landscape.
CEO power, audit committee effectiveness and earnings quality
Authors: Kalembe Dorcus , Kaawaase Twaha Kigongo , Nkundabanyanga Stephen Korutaro , Kayongo Isaac Newton
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) power, audit committee effectiveness and earnings quality in regulated firms in Uganda.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors employed cross-sectional and correlational research designs, based on a sample of 136 regulated firms in Uganda. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey from Chief Finance Officers and Chief Audit Executives. Data were analyzed using a Statistical Package for Social Sciences and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling.

Findings

Results indicate that CEO power causes negative variances in earnings quality. The results also reveal that audit committee effectiveness positively relates relatively similarly with earnings quality. In addition, CEO power and audit committee effectiveness are negative and significantly related. The results further indicate that CEO power and earnings quality are mediated by audit committee effectiveness.

Research limitations/implications

CEO power creates an opaque accounting environment which may leave the stakeholders unable to evaluate the true economic reality of the firm. Audit committee effectiveness is an important enabler for reporting high-quality earnings even in the presence of a powerful CEO.

Originality/value

This study contributes toward a methodological stance of using perceptions to understand earnings quality in regulated firms in Uganda. This is probably the first study that has specifically explored earnings quality using only the fundamental qualitative characteristics of accounting information (as proxies) as enshrined in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018 particularly in Uganda since Her adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards in 1998. Second, the indirect effect of audit committee effectiveness and CEO power is tested.
Digital transformation ambidexterity and business performance
Authors: Liu Qian-Ru , Liu Jian-Mei , He Zhen-Peng
Published: July 2023

Purpose

What distinguishes digital transformation from other traditional IT transformations is its involvement of the entire organization, rather than merely the IT department. Thus, instead of taking a perspective that is confined to the IT department, this paper studies the ambidextrous nature of digital transformation (DT) from the standpoint of the whole firm. The authors define DT ambidexterity as the capability to utilize digital technology to simultaneously improve the efficiency of existing businesses (DT exploitation) and to promote business growth (DT exploration).

Design/methodology/approach

Using annual reports of Chinese firms as a mining material, this paper deploys text mining and word frequency analysis to develop a data set of digital transformation to construct DT exploitation, DT exploration and DT ambidexterity, so that the authors can examine and compare their impact on business performance.

Findings

This study's statistics show that observations in this research sample mainly manifest DT ambidexterity and DT exploitation, while DT exploration makes up the smallest proportion. The authors find that DT exploitation, DT exploration, and DT ambidexterity have positive, yet heterogeneous effects on business performance.

Research limitations/implications

This study expands the existing literature of IT-related ambidexterity by examining the ambidextrous nature of DT from the angle of company-wide strategy instead of the perspective from IT-department and expands the extant literature of digital transformation by examining the heterogeneous effects of its different components on business performance. The authors also add to the digital strategizing literature by showing that different business strategy goals can be attained through different stages of DT.

Originality/value

This study expands the existing literature of IT-related ambidexterity by examining the ambidexterity nature of DT from the angle of company-wide strategy instead of the perspective from IT department and expands the extant literature of digital transformation by examining the heterogeneous effects of its different components on business performance. The authors also add to the digital strategizing literature by showing that different business strategy goals can be attained through different stages of DT.
Critical love praxis as pro-Black pedagogy: a literature synthesis of empirical research in K-12 education
Authors: Starks Francheska D. , Terry Mary McMillan
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine how critical love theory is operationalized in K-12 classrooms to support Black children. The authors use BlackCrit and a conceptual framework of critical love to describe the strategies educators used as pro-Black pedagogies of resistance.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted a thematic analysis to identify how critical love praxis is used by K-12 educators as a tool to address anti-Blackness, neoliberal multiculturalism and ahistoricism as defined by the framings of BlackCrit theory. The authors produced a literature synthesis of qualitative research that responds to this study’s research questions: How are critical love theories operationalized? What educator practices do researchers identify as material manifestations of critical love?; and How and to what extent do critical love praxis address anti-Blackness, neoliberal multiculturalism and ahistorical approaches to social transformation as defined by BlackCrit theory?

Findings

Critical love theories manifest as critical love praxis. Educators used critical love praxis to address anti-Blackness, neoliberal multiculturalism and ahistoricism by cultivating and supporting the co-creation of homeplace for Black students in K-12 education. Homeplace is cultivated through critical love praxis as classroom-focused, person-focused and politically focused approaches.

Originality/value

This study’s findings extend current theoretical research on critical love by describing its material form in K-12 education and by identifying how a critical love praxis can work to directly challenge anti-Blackness. The authors find implications for their work in teacher education and teachers’ in-service professional development.
Understanding governance and control challenges of blockchain technology in healthcare and energy sectors: a historical perspective
Authors: Zhang Justin Zuopeng , He Wu , Shetty Sachin , Tian Xin , He Yuming , Behl Abhishek , Veetil Ajith Kumar Vadakki
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Despite rapid growth in blockchains, there was limited discussion about non-technical and technical factors on blockchain governance in the extant literature. This study aims to contribute new knowledge to the literature on potential factors affecting the adoption, governance and scale-up of blockchain technologies in the health-care and energy sectors, presented in a holistic framework.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts the qualitative case study research methodology to research blockchain governance in practice. The authors contacted a national blockchain consortium to conduct their research on the governance issue of blockchain. Two leading case organizations, one from the health-care industry and another from the energy industry, were deliberately selected for their study for their active role and reputation in the consortium and practical experience in blockchain governance.

Findings

The developed framework helps identify potential research gaps or concerns on adopting a blockchain as well as assessing blockchain implementation and governance in other industries. Depending on the circumstances, some of the factors can be either drivers or obstacles to further blockchain development. The different forces may also be more or less evident over time as blockchains develop. The two real-world case studies contribute to the information technology governance literature on blockchain governance.

Originality/value

The results of this case studies will be beneficial for developing theories and empirical models to determine antecedents for achieving consensus and trust in blockchain and testing the relationship between these factors and blockchain governance at different levels. As a result, theories related to the governance of blockchain technologies could be further developed.
A novel data quality framework for assessment of scientific lecture video indexing
Authors: Hassani Hamid , Mohebi Azadeh , Ershadi M.J. , Jalalimanesh Ammar
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to provide a framework in which new data quality dimensions are defined. The new dimensions provide new metrics for the assessment of lecture video indexing. As lecture video indexing involves various steps, the proposed framework containing new dimensions, introduces new integrated approach for evaluating an indexing method or algorithm from the beginning to the end.

Design/methodology/approach

The emphasis in this study is on the fifth step of design science research methodology (DSRM), known as evaluation. That is, the methods that are developed in the field of lecture video indexing as an artifact, should be evaluated from different aspects. In this research, nine dimensions of data quality including accuracy, value-added, relevancy, completeness, appropriate amount of data, concise, consistency, interpretability and accessibility have been redefined based on previous studies and nominal group technique (NGT).

Findings

The proposed dimensions are implemented as new metrics to evaluate a newly developed lecture video indexing algorithm, LVTIA and numerical values have been obtained based on the proposed definitions for each dimension. In addition, the new dimensions are compared with each other in terms of various aspects. The comparison shows that each dimension that is used for assessing lecture video indexing, is able to reflect a different weakness or strength of an indexing method or algorithm.

Originality/value

Despite development of different methods for indexing lecture videos, the issue of data quality and its various dimensions have not been studied. Since data with low quality can affect the process of scientific lecture video indexing, the issue of data quality in this process requires special attention.
Assessing the moderating role of the extent of implementation of lean methods in predicting productivity improvement
Authors: Singla Vikas , Sharma Sachin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The study aims to explore the argument of implementing the lean method to part or whole of an operation by examining the moderating impact of varying levels of the extent of implementation of four different lean methods, along with their functionalities, in predicting productivity improvement (PI).

Design/methodology/approach

As the focus of understanding the efficacy of lean principles is shifting from process to industry level, this study tried to generalize the approach by gathering data from 132 large Indian auto component manufacturers. This involves an assessing/monitoring approach rather than measurement.

Findings

Results highlighted the interdependence or individuality of the extent of implementation of lean methods and their functionalities. Findings revealed a significant moderating effect in improving productivity to a greater extent of 50%.

Research limitations/implications

Adopting an assessment approach to a measurement study provides a noteworthy contribution to bridging theory and practical consequences. The findings can be appropriately extrapolated to medium and small enterprises forming a critical connection in the entire automobile manufacturing ecosystem.

Practical implications

The study showed that even if a lean method is applied to a certain extent of operations the chances of PI are significant. This is important for decision makers as they confront problems of optimum resource allocation.

Social implications

PI, reduced cost and generalization of results would enable the auto component industry to become more competitive.

Originality/value

The examination of the moderation effect of a lean principle implementation extent, along with that of its functionalities to predict the improvement in productivity from its existing level, is a major outcome of this study.
Innovation capabilities, innovation strategies and export performance: the moderating impact of corporate social responsibility
Authors: Kazemi Ali , Ghasempour Ganji Seyedeh Fatemeh , Na'ami Abdullah
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the link between internal capabilities, innovation strategies and export performance (EP), considering the corporate social responsibility (CSR) principle as a moderator.

Design/methodology/approach

The statistical population of the current study is the food and agricultural products exporting small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) which participated in the 27th International Agrofood Exhibition (2021) in Tehran, Iran. A sample of 296 managers was selected, using systematic random sampling, to answer the questionnaire. To analyze the data, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) and Hayes PROCESS in SPSS.

Findings

Results show that just manufacturing capabilities affect both exploratory and exploitative innovation, in contrast to marketing capabilities that does not have any significant impact on these two innovation strategies. Moreover, the impact of both explorative and exploratory innovation on EP is supported in the context of food and agricultural SMEs. However, CSR positively moderates the impact of exploratory innovation on EP, showing it has a negative effect on the impact of exploitative innovation on EP.

Originality/value

By addressing the research gap on the link between internal capabilities, innovation strategies, EP and CSR among SMEs, the current research provides valuable body of research that later studies in the literature can leverage or build upon.
Identification of interbedded gas hydrate and free gas using amplitude versus offset forward modelling
Authors: Liu Bo , Wang Xiujuan , Su Pibo , Li Qingping , Wan Xiaoming , Li Jie , Li Yuanping , Zhou Jilin , Jin Jiapeng , Sun Luyi
Published: July 2023

The complex contacts between gas hydrate and free gas have been confirmed by gas hydrate pilot production in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea. The laminated clay silt reservoirs have high amplitude reflections which may be filled with different saturations of gas hydrates, free gas and the coexistence between gas hydrate and free gas. To distinguish the variations of amplitude reflections caused by different reservoirs properties below the bottom simulating reflection, we combine the forward modelling, pre‐stack gathers with different incident angles and well log analysis to conduct the seismic responses. A number of geological models are established with variable saturations and different interfaces between gas hydrate and free gas. First, we analyse the seismic and well log responses at Sites W11, W01 and W17 near the production test area. Then, we perform the forward modelling to quantify the differences among seismic reflections with different saturations, thickness, incident angles and strata dips in free gas‐ or gas hydrate‐bearing geological models. We extract the seismic amplitudes along the bottom simulating reflection and other layers to compare with the amplitudes generated from forward modelling. The results indicate that the inclined intervals below the bottom simulating reflection have high amplitude, continuous reflection and polarity reversal which may be caused by thin gas reservoir and the interlayered gas hydrate and free gas with different saturations. The top interfaces of the gas hydrate‐ and free gas‐bearing layers show typical Class III amplitude versus offset and exhibit high amplitude reflections at seismic data with near, mid and far‐incident angles, which are easy to distinguish. Seismic response of far‐incident angle can be used to identify the coexistence of gas hydrate and free gas.
Does Resilience Matter for Supply Chain Performance in Disruptive Crises with Scarce Resources?
Authors: Queiroz Maciel M. , Fosso Wamba Samuel , Raut Rakesh D. , Pappas Ilias O.
Published: July 2023

In today's disruptive world, firms and supply chains are facing massive disruptions, primarily owing to resource scarcity. We develop a model supported by the resilience and resource‐based theories to assess supply chain decision‐makers in the United States. We validate the model by employing partial least squares structural equation modeling and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. We find that supply chain agility and flexibility can support supply chain resilience, which in turn sustains supply chain performance. Furthermore, we find a mediation effect of supply chain resilience in the relationship between agility and supply chain performance, as well as between flexibility and supply chain performance. Furthermore, the findings suggest that supply chain performance under severe disruptions can be achieved when supply chains are resilient based on the combination of agility and flexibility. Our study contributes to the supply chain resilience and resource‐based theory literature by identifying that resource configuration plays a decisive role in resilience and performance in severe disruptions due to resource scarcity. Our findings suggest that not all resilience‐related resources are necessary to build resilience and support performance. Therefore, when confronted by a disruptive crisis, managers, practitioners and policymakers should identify the best resource configurations to create resilience and support performance.
Loss of identity in nineteenth‐century Norway: Oslo's House of Correction
Authors: Drew Rose , Madden Gwyn
Published: July 2023

In Norway, there was considerable overlap between the poor house, the workhouse, and correctional facilities. An assemblage of human skeletal remains from Oslo's House of Correction cemetery, largely comprised of individuals disturbed during municipal development in 1989, consists of c. 314 individuals who died as inmates or residents; many were disabled or elderly. Although names were recorded at death, the cemetery lacked grave markers or a map, with no expectation families might one day reclaim relatives. All remains have been aged and sexed anthropologically, with samples collected for biomolecular investigations. Despite extensive archival documentation, including names recorded in the House of Correction church book, their identities are shrouded by time. Observations of age, injury, and disease can suggest why inmates ended up in the House of Correction cemetery. But there, individual stories end and identities are lost.
Contesting ‘Global Sisterhood’: The Global Women's Health Movement, the United Nations and the Different Meanings of Reproductive Rights (1970s–80s)
Authors: Bracke Maud Anne
Published: July 2023

The article contributes to a genealogy of the global articulation of reproductive rights principles, as established at the 1994 United Nations (UN) Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo and the UN Women's Conference held in Beijing the following year. It highlights the key role played by an emerging global women's health movement in the 1970s–80s, in shaping UN debates on family planning, women's rights in procreative choice and women's roles in socio‐economic development. The article focuses on the International Campaign for Abortion, Sterilisation and Contraception (est. London 1978) and the Women's Global Network for Reproductive Rights (Amsterdam and Manila 1984; ECOSOC consultative status in 1992). Adopting an intersectional perspective, the paper highlights the local embeddedness of feminist positions, the shortcomings of Western feminism and the ways in which conflicts between women's organisations allowed for an original and evolving concept of reproductive rights to emerge. It is based on UN papers and the archives of the above organisations and family planning movements.
Meiotic abnormalities in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and parental species: Evidence for peri‐ and paracentric inversions
Authors: Oliveira Gleicy Kelly , Soares Nina Reis , Costa Zirlane Portugal , Almeida Carmelice Boff , Machado Raquel Moura , Mesquita Amanda Teixeira , Carneiro Monalisa Sampaio , Forni‐Martins Eliana R. , Mondin Mateus , Vieira Maria Lucia Carneiro
Published: July 2023

The modern cultivars of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) are highly polyploid and accumulate aneuploidies due to their history of domestication, genetic improvement and interspecific hybrid origin involving the domesticated sweet species Saccharum officinarum (‘noble cane’) and the wild Saccharum spontaneum, both with an evolutionary history of polyploidy. The first hybrids were backcrossed with S. officinarum, and selection from progenies in subsequent generations established the genetic basis of modern cultivars. Saccharum genome complexity has inspired several molecular studies that have elucidated aspects of sugarcane genome constitution, architecture and cytogenetics. Herein, we conducted a comparative analysis of the meiotic behaviour of representatives of the parentals S. officinarum and S. spontaneum, and the commercial variety, SP80‐3280. S. officinarum, an octoploid species, exhibited regular meiotic behaviour. In contrast, S. spontaneum and SP80‐3280 exhibited several abnormalities from metaphase I to the end of division. We reported and typified, for the first time, the occurrence of peri‐ and paracentric inversions. Using in‐situ hybridisation techniques, we were able to determine how pairing association occurred at diakinesis, the origin of lagging chromosomes and, in particular, the mitotic chromosome composition of SP80‐3280. Interestingly, S. spontaneum and recombinant chromosomes showed the most marked tendency to produce laggards in both divisions. Future attempts to advance knowledge on sugarcane genetics and genomics should take meiotic chromosome behaviour information into account.
Time trends and projections in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Queensland, Australia, 2009–2030: Evidence from the Queensland Perinatal Data Collection
Authors: Alwash Sura M. , Huda M. Mamun , McIntyre H. David , Mamun Abdullah A.
Published: July 2023

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the fastest‐growing type of diabetes in Australia. We aimed to assess the time trends during 2009–2018 and projections of GDM in Queensland, Australia up to 2030.

Materials and Methods

The study data were from the Queensland Perinatal Data Collection (QPDC) and included data on 606 662 birth events with the births reported from at least 20 weeks gestational age or birth weight at least 400 g. Bayesian regression model was used to assess the trends in the prevalence of GDM.

Results

The prevalence of GDM increased from 5.47 to 13.62% from 2009 to 2018 (average annual rate of change, AARC = +10.71%). If the trend remains the same, the projected prevalence will increase to 42.04% (95% uncertainty interval = 34.77–48.96) by 2030. Observing AARC across different subpopulations, we found that the trend of GDM increased markedly among women living in inner regional areas (AARC = +12.49%), were non‐Indigenous (AARC = +10.93%), most disadvantaged (AARC = +11.84%), aged either of two age groups (AARC = +18.45% and + 15.17% for <20 years and 20–24 years, respectively), were with obesity (AARC = +11.05%) and smoked during pregnancy (AARC = +12.26%).

Conclusions

Overall, the prevalence of GDM has sharply increased in Queensland, and if this trend continues, about 42% of pregnant women will experience GDM by 2030. The trends vary across different subpopulations. Therefore, targeting the most vulnerable subpopulations is vital to prevent the development of GDM.
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) use for prolonged venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following surgery for gynaecological malignancies in Australia and New Zealand – A clinician survey
Authors: Boo Marilyn , Simcock Bryony , Sykes Peter , Brand Alison
Published: July 2023

Background

Current international guidelines recommend 28 days of enoxaparin as venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after surgery for gynaecologic cancer. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been investigated as an alternative to enoxaparin for post‐operative VTE prophylaxis. High‐quality evidence to demonstrate safety and efficacy is lacking.

Aims

We aim to investigate the current practice regarding VTE prophylaxis among gynaecological oncologists in Australia and New Zealand following laparotomy for gynaecological malignancy, in particular the use of DOACs for VTE prophylaxis.

Materials and Methods

Sixty‐seven practising gynaecologic oncologists (GO) were identified through Royal Australia and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists database and emailed online surveys that asked about VTE prophylaxis practice and views of DOACs in this setting. Data were then collected through Survey Monkey and evaluated.

Results

The majority (77.1%) routinely prescribed 28 days of enoxaparin following laparotomy for gynaecological malignancies. In clinical circumstance such as laparoscopy for gynaecological malignancies and surgery for vulva malignancies, there was variation in thromboprophylaxis practices. No GO reported routine use of DOACs in any clinical circumstance. There were 56% of GOs who used a DOAC in their practice at some point. Barriers to routine use of DOACs in current practice included insufficient evidence (68%), issue with cost (40.4%) and concerns about safety (29.7%).

Conclusions

Enoxaparin prescribed for 28 days remains the current clinical practice in preventing VTE following laparotomy for gynaecological malignancy. The main barrier to routine DOAC use as post‐operative thromboprophylaxis is a lack of evidence which reflects the need for a larger prospective study.
Phacoemulsification with gonioscopy‐assisted transluminal trabeculotomy versus phacoemulsification alone in primary angle closure glaucoma: A randomized controlled study
Authors: El Sayed Yasmine Mohamed , Mettias Nader Momtaz , Elghonemy Hanan Mohyi Eldin , Mostafa Yehia Salah Eldin
Published: July 2023

Purpose

To assess the safety and efficacy of combining phacoemulsification with gonioscopy‐assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) compared to phacoemulsification alone in the management of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).

Methods

Prospective, institutional study in which eyes requiring surgery for PACG were randomized to undergo phacoemulsification followed by GATT (phaco‐GATT group) or phacoemulsification alone. Success was defined as having a final IOP of 6–20 mmHg with no subsequent glaucoma surgery or vision‐threatening complications.

Results

Thirty‐six eyes underwent phaco‐GATT with 360° angle incision and 38 eyes underwent phacoemulsification alone. IOP and glaucoma medications were significantly lower in the phaco‐GATT group at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The success rate in the phaco‐GATT group was 94.4% after 12.16 ± 2.03 months, with 75% of eyes being off medications compared to 86.8% after 12.47 ± 4.27 months in the phaco group, with 42.1% off medications. (p = 0.008). Hyphema and fibrinous anterior chamber reaction were the most common complications in the phaco‐GATT group and resolved with conservative treatment or required YAG capsulotomy. Although this delayed visual rehabilitation in the phaco‐GATT group, it did not affect the final visual outcome with no significant difference in the final best‐corrected visual acuity between both groups (p = 0.25).

Conclusion

Combining phacoemulsification with GATT in PACG yielded more favourable outcomes in terms of IOP, glaucoma medications and surgical success. Although the postoperative hyphema and fibrinous reaction may delay visual rehabilitation, GATT further lowers the IOP by breaking residual peripheral anterior synechiae and removing the dysfunctional trabeculum circumferentially, while avoiding the risks inherent in more invasive filtering procedures.
When telework is a burden rather than a perk: The roles of knowledge sharing and supervisor social support in mitigating adverse effects of telework during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Hodzic Sabina , Prem Roman , Nielson Caroline , Kubicek Bettina
Published: July 2023

Due to increased telework as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the literature has called for exploring the impacts of imposed telework on work‐ and well‐being‐related outcomes. To answer this call, we investigated the effects of the amount of telework on perceived productivity, work engagement, and social isolation during the beginning of the pandemic. Moreover, leaning on self‐determination theory, we examined the role of knowledge sharing as an underlying mechanism and supervisor social support as a buffer for these effects. Using a weekly diary study, we gathered 847 datasets from 167 individuals. Results revealed negative correlations of telework with productivity and engagement and a positive correlation with social isolation. Knowledge sharing positively related to the outcomes but did not mediate the effects of telework on them. However, supervisor social support did moderate the relationship between telework and knowledge sharing. With very low‐level supervisor social support, large amounts of telework were accompanied by reduced knowledge sharing. Hence, imposed telework during the pandemic acted as a burden. If supervisors failed to provide social support, telework was associated with less productivity and work engagement but greater social isolation via reduced knowledge sharing. Supervisors should adjust their behavior and support knowledge sharing in imposed telework arrangements.
Relational approaches in bioethics: A guide to their differences
Authors: Gary Mercer
Published: July 2023

Contemporary critical approaches to bioethics increasingly present themselves as “relational,” though the meaning of relationality and its implications for bioethics seem to be many and varying. I argue that this confusion is due to a multiplicity of relational approaches originating from distinct theoretical lineages. In this article, I identify four key differences among commonly referenced relational approaches: the scope and nature of relationships considered, the extent of the determining influence on individual selfhood, and the integrity of individual selfhood. Importantly, these four differences carry consequences for the usage of relational approaches within academic and clinical bioethics. I show that these differences attach to multiple objects of critique within mainstream bioethics and imply distinct metaethical commitments. Although I issue a cautionary note about combining relational approaches from distinct lineages, I close by suggesting that many such approaches may have their use, drawing on Susan Sherwin's sense of bioethical theories as lenses.
Development of a metacognitive regulation‐based collaborative programming system and its effects on students' learning achievements, computational thinking tendency and group metacognition
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Cheng‐Ye , Tseng Judy C. R.
Published: July 2023

Collaborative programming helps improve students' computational thinking and increases their confidence in solving programming problems. However, the effect of collaborative learning is not ideal because it is difficult for students to mobilize metacognition to regulate learning spontaneously. To guide students to effectively regulate the learning process when they collaborate to solve programming problems, this study develops a collaborative learning approach and a Collaborative programming System (MR‐CPS) based on metacognitive regulation to support students' collaborative programming learning. A quasi‐experimental study was conducted in a junior high school programming course in Taiwan to assess the effects on students. The impacts of MR‐CPS from both individual and collaborative perspectives were investigated. Students' learning achievement and computational thinking tendencies were examined from an individual perspective. From a collaborative perspective, group self‐efficacy and group metacognition were investigated. Participants were divided into MR‐CPS (n = 115) and No‐MR‐CPS (n = 107). The MR‐CPS group used the collaborative programming approach with metacognitive regulation mechanisms as the experimental group. In contrast, the No‐MR‐CPS group used the collaborative programming approach without metacognitive regulation mechanisms as the control group. The results show that the MR‐CPS group statistically significantly outperformed the No‐MR‐CPS group in learning achievements. It was also found that the MR‐CPS group had statistically significantly better computational thinking tendency, collective efficacy and metacognitive planning and evaluation skills than the No‐MR‐CPS group. This finding suggests that the MR‐CPS has the potential to improve students' learning achievements, computational thinking tendency, group metacognition and collective efficacy. The study results have implications for the design of collaborative programming systems consistent with metacognitive regulation.