bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge about Cochlear Implants among Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Olson Anne D. , Pugh Barbara B. , Bishop Malachy
Published: June 2019

Increasing numbers of adults with moderate to profound sensorineural hearing loss are now seeking cochlear implantation as a treatment option. Many of these individuals may receive services from vocational rehabilitation (VR). The purpose of this study was to examine VR counselors' knowledge about cochlear implants, as well as the relationship between counselors' knowledge and their training and experience backgrounds. A test of knowledge about cochlear implants and related psychosocial factors was developed and administered to 69 VR counselors from a mid western state. The counselors' performance on the test (average score 48% correct) indicates the need for increased training on cochlear implants and the complex issues related to implants. Counselors with relevant specialty areas performed slightly better than the group average, and certified rehabilitation counselors performed significantly better than non certified counselors. These and additional findings are discussed along with their implications for rehabilitation counselors and their clients. Given the expanding population of persons who are eligible for implantation, the results highlight the need for comprehensive training efforts for VR counselors.
Exploring Postsecondary Education and Competitive Employment for People with Mental Illness
Authors: Boutin Daniel L.
Published: June 2019

As more people with psychiatric disabilities seek postsecondary education opportunities to improve their employability and to eventually earn wages averaging higher than those without collegiate experience, institutions of higher education throughout the United States are seeing significant increases in the enrollments of this population. The State-Federal Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) Services program continues to serve as a valuable resource for people with disabilities who attend colleges and universities across the nation. A hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effectiveness of VR services for people with psychiatric disabilities who also received college and university training. The Rehabilitation Services Administration 911 database for fiscal year 2006 was used to identify nine services related to the successful closure of this group of consumers. Results are discussed in relation to their importance for rehabilitation counselors.
Professionals with Psychiatric Disabilities Served in Private Disability Rehabilitation: Implications for Rehabilitation Counselor Preparation
Authors: Accordino Michael P. , McReynolds Connie , Accordino Denise B. , Bard Christine
Published: June 2019

Minimal research is available regarding employment retention and return to work for professionals with psychiatric disabilities in the private disability rehabilitation sector. This article describes return to work barriers faced by professionals with psychiatric disabilities, and it provides recommendations to prepare rehabilitation counselors at the preservice level to better serve professionals with psychiatric disabilities.
A Grounded Theory Approach to Defining Fragmentation and Unification in the Rehabilitation Counseling Profession
Authors: Tingey Kenneth B. , Millington Michael J. , Schultz Jared C.
Published: June 2019

Fragmentation has been identified in the rehabilitation counseling literature as the cause of a crisis, and unification is forwarded as the cure. However, these terms are not well defined. Definitions are proposed here, providing a framework for a grounded theory study of inter- and intra-organizational communications among thirteen professional organizations via their websites. Two network models emerged from the analysis. The first described a political network that advocates for the profession. The second described a service-based network that responds to customer needs. The meaning of unification and fragmentation within these two models is explored. Authors find that the profession is more thoroughly unified in political advocacy than it is for advancing practice.
Multicultural and Diversity Considerations in the New Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Cartwright Brenda Y. , Fleming Christine L.
Published: June 2019

As the demographic transformation of the U.S. population continues, the challenges of multicultural and diversity-based considerations remain a central focus, as does the need to incorporate cultural competencies into the practice ofrehabilitation. The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification's 2010 Code of Professional Ethicsfor Rehabilitation Counselors offers guidance for the practice of professional conduct and ethical decision making when one is working with individuals from culturally diverse groups and backgrounds. The revised code sets the expectation that the culturally competent rehabilitation counselor will develop interventions and services that are congruent with the client's values and cultural context.
Ethical Issues in Rehabilitation Counselor Supervision and the New 2010 Code of Ethics
Authors: Glosoff Harriet L. , Matrone Kathe F.
Published: June 2019

The 2010 revision of the Code of Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Counselors addresses changes in ethical standards related to rehabilitation counselor supervision. In an effort to promote awareness of these changes, this article offers a brief overview of the revisions and implications for practice including the responsibility of supervisors to actively engage in and support professional development activities.
Employment Outcomes among Individuals with Visual Impairments: The Role of Client Satisfaction and Acceptance of Vision Loss
Authors: Jo Song-Jae , Chen Roy K. , Kosciulek John F.
Published: June 2019

This study examined the relationship of client satisfaction with the vocational rehabilitation (VR) process and acceptance of vision loss with respect to employment outcomes among former VR clients with visual impairments. Participants were 128 clients of the Michigan Commission for the Blind (MCB) whose cases were closed between fiscal years 2003 and 2004. The results of a logistic regression analysis indicated that participants who reported higher levels of client satisfaction and who focused on their remaining assets (e.g., functions, abilities) after vision loss were more likely to be employed at the time of case closure than their counterparts who did not. Implications for rehabilitation practice and suggestions for future research are provided.
Women Veterans with Poly trauma: Rehabilitation Planning Implications
Authors: Cater Janet K. , Koch Lynn C.
Published: June 2019

Polytrauma is defined as two or more injuries, one of which is life threatening and results in physical, cognitive, psychological, or psychosocial impairment and functional disability. It is the signature injury of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, and with the ever increasing role of women in the military (currently 15% of military strength), a signature injury for women as well as men. This article provides (a) a brief overview of poly trauma, (b) a synopsis of the unique barriers to psychosocial and vocational adjustment encountered by women veterans with poly trauma, (c) an examination of rehabilitation counseling considerations for working with women veterans with poly trauma, and (d) a discussion of potential implications for research.
Characteristics of Three Consumer Cohorts in Vocational Rehabilitation: A Comparison of Consumers with Dual-Diagnosis, Psychiatric, or Substance Use Related Disorders
Authors: White Antony R.
Published: June 2019

Longitudinal data were analyzed to evaluate prevalence, client demographics, services utilized, and vocational outcomes for persons with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders within the state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) services system. Findings indicate that clients with dual-diagnoses were equally likely to complete vocational services, tended to utilize similar types of services, and had similar service outcomes compared to clients with either a substance use or psychiatric diagnosis. However, the results also suggest possible disparities in the types of services utilized by VR clients with mental health or substance use disorders. Additionally, the findings suggest that procedures related to client assessment as currently practiced within the public rehabilitation services sector underestimate the prevalence of clients with dual-diagnosis. Vocational rehabilitation best practice strategies that include targeted client assessment practices to screen for dual-diagnosis as an element of comprehensive services are discussed.
Duty to Warn versus Duty to Protect Confidentiality: Ethical and Legal Considerations Relative to Individuals with AIDS/HIV
Authors: Alghazo Runna , Upton Thomas D. , Cioe Nicholas
Published: June 2019

This article explores ethical dilemmas associated with rehabilitation counselor service provision to individuals with AIDS/HIV, emphasizing the conflict between the duty to protect confidentiality and the duty to warn and the ethical and legal considerations pertaining to this conflict. A discussion on the limits of confidentiality, the application of the six ethical principles, the specific guidelines provided in rehabilitation counselors' code of ethics, and the legal actions that address the issue of duty to warn are provided.
A Study of Occupational Differences Between Veterans vs. Non-Veterans with Disabilities Post-State Vocational Rehabilitation Services
Authors: Boutin Daniel L.
Published: June 2019

A recent glimpse into the employment trends of military veterans revealed patterns that differ from other groups. Consumers of the state vocational rehabilitation program who exited with an employment outcome as recorded on a Rehabilitation Services Administration database were investigated. A 2 X 5 chi-square analysis of veteran status and occupational category was conducted on 15,660 consumer cases, half of which represented military veterans. Military veterans with disabilities leaving the state vocational rehabilitation program during fiscal year 2008 were more proportionally represented in management, professional, natural resources, construction, maintenance, production, transportation, and material moving occupations and less represented in services as well as sales and office occupations. Rehabilitation practitioners are encouraged to use vocational assessment with military veterans and consider the results from a theoretical perspective.
Teaching Counseling Skills Using Interactive Television: Observations from a Rehabilitation Counseling Classroom
Authors: Degiorgio Lisa , Moore Susan F. , Kampfe Charlene M. , Downey Bill O.
Published: June 2019

A review of the rehabilitation counseling literature revealed a dearth of information clinical skill development using distance education mediums. A case study of a Rehabilitation Counseling Practicum I class that used Interactive Television (ITV), a synchronous distance education medium, was undertaken at a large southwestern university. The purpose of the study was to explore, using a qualitative approach, the use of ITV to deliver a counseling skill course to rehabilitation counseling education students. Many studies have examined students' perceptions of distance education, but no studies were found describing the use of ITV in teaching counseling skills via distance education. Using field observations, three major themes were identified: learning environment, skill building, and interactions.
The Impact of Information-Processing Styles on College Students' Attitudes toward People with Disabilities
Authors: Suthakaran V. , Wright Scott , Simpson Elise , Marra Melissa , Sonner Devin
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between information- processing styles, as defined by using Epstein's (1994) cognitive-experiential self-theory (CEST), and college students' attitudes toward people with disabilities (PWD). The ability and favorability to process information experientially or rationally were measured using the Rational Experiential Inventory (REI), and attitudes toward PWD were measured using the Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons Scale-Form O (ATDP-O). Undergraduate students (N = 163) from a psychology subject pool participated in this study. Results indicated that favoring an experiential style of information processing was positively related to attitudes toward PWD. The ability to process information experientially or rationally and the favoring of a rational style of information processing were not found to be related to attitudes toward PWD. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed.
Analyzing the Emphasis on Transition in Rehabilitation Counseling Journals: A Content Analysis
Authors: Plotner Anthony J. , Shogren Karrie A. , Strauser David R.
Published: June 2019

Using a Vocational Rehabilitation Transition Process Domain Structure (Plotner, Trach, & Strauser, in press), a content analysis of journal articles published between 1990 and 2009 in five rehabilitation counseling journals was conducted. This analysis led to a categorization of content pertaining to youth with disabilities to one of the following topics: Career Planning and Counseling, Career Preparation Experiences, Access and Opportunity for Success, Program Improvement Activities, Nonprofessional Support and-Relationships, and Collaborative Partnerships. Results showed that there was a limited body of research on transition in these rehabilitation counseling journals (4% of articles). Future research directions are discussed.
Competitive Employment Outcomes of Vocational Rehabilitation
Authors: Martin Frank H. , Walls Richard T. , Brodwin Martin G. , Parker Randall M. , Siu Frances W. , Kurata Ed
Published: June 2019

This study examined occupational outcomes for successfully closed state-federal vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumers in the 2008 fiscal year using the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. The study replicated previous research by Walls and Fullmer (1997) that investigated the top 50 job titles and the top five occupations by disability categories after vocational rehabilitation. Median hourly wages for VR participants are reported and compared with those of the general labor force (GLF). Findings and implications are discussed, and suggestions are offered to rehabilitation counselors about how to expand consumers' job and career options.
A Qualitative Analysis of Vocational Rehabilitation Counselor Perceptions of Clinical Supervision
Authors: Austin Bryan S.
Published: June 2019

Many vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors in the state-federal public VR program are not satisfied with their clinical supervision. A qualitative grounded theory research design was used to study VR counselors' perceptions and descriptions of their clinical supervisory experiences and supervision needs. Datafrom interviews withfive VR counselors were analyzed and coded. Eight categories emerged from the data that describe a core phenomenon - VR counselors value and need clinical supervision. Results support previous research that indicates a need for a new service model in VR, one that values and prioritizes clinical supervision. Implications for clinical supervision practice in VR are discussed.
Predictors of Employment and College Attendance Outcomes for Youth in Transition: Implications for Policy and Practice
Authors: Balcaza Fabricio E. , Oberoi Ashmeet , Keel Joanna M.
Published: June 2019

An analysis of vocational rehabilitation (VR) data over a period of five years from a Midwestern state was conducted to identify predictors of employment and college attendance outcomes for youth with disabilities receiving transition services. The database included 26,292 transition cases. Transition outcomes were identified for 4,010 youth (15.3%). Results indicated that 11.2% of the cases were closed from application (ineligible), 45.2% were closed before the rehabilitation plan was completed, and 13.1% were closed after plan implementation (non-rehabilitated). Logistic regression analyses for predictors of employment and college enrollment indicated that females had a higher chance of going to college, as well as youth with a sensory disability. The chances of gaining competitive employment increased as the amount of money spent on the case increased. Youth who received vocational guidance and on-the job supports had higher chances of obtaining competitive employment than of going to college. Recommendations for VR practice with transition youth are suggested.
Ethical Implications of Confirmation Bias in the Rehabilitation Counseling Relationship
Authors: Wright-McDougal Jennifer J. , Toriello Paul J.
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation counselors engage in hypothesis development and testing throughout the counseling relationship. Through this process, counselors may support or sacrifice one or more of the ethical principles fundamental to counseling practice. The purpose of this article is to explore the ethical implications of confirmatory hypothesis testing in the counseling relationship.
Stages of Displacement: The Immigration Experience of Latinos
Authors: Serrata Cynthia , Fischer Jerry
Published: June 2019

Limited research has been conducted that examined the experiences of Latino immigrants in transitioning to the United States. As the Latino population continues to grow in the United States, it is important for rehabilitation counselors to be knowledgeable of this population and the characteristics of their transition as it may provide insight to the mental health needs of Latinos. Research has shown that experiences of acculturation differ among individuals in terms of their age, gender, level of education, socioeconomic status and language acquisition ability (Berry, 2001). This qualitative study investigated the stages of displacement experienced by Latinos immigrating to the United States. Specifically, this study examined the acculturation, attitudinal, behavioral, cultural identity shifts, and transition characteristics of Latino immigrants. Five distinct stages of displacement for Latino immigrants emerged: seeking opportunities, emotional reactions, adjustment, rationalization, and acknowledgement. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are discussed.
Collaboration Between Rehabilitation Counselors and Secondary Educational Institutions to Optimize Successful Outcomes for High School Students with Disabilities
Authors: Kline Katherine M. , Kurz Charity Anne
Published: June 2019

This article highlights the need for a collaborative approach to transition services for youth with disabilities. Evidence of the positive impact of collaboration is presented, followed by indications that transition professionals are failing to engage in these activities. The lack of collaboration practiced by transition professionals can be partially attributed to the myriad of skills sets, pre-service training activities and employment settings in which these professionals enter into. The purpose of this article is to present an outcome-based model of collaboration between rehabilitation counselors and secondary educational institutions to aid in the transition of youth with disabilities to achieve their post-secondary goals (e.g., secondary education, secondary training, paid employment, independent living).
Vocational Rehabilitation Services in Uruguay: A Rehabilitation Counseling Perspective
Authors: Premuda-Conti Paola , da Cunha Heber
Published: June 2019

Provisions to promote work for Uruguayans with disabilities have been included in many Uruguayan national laws (e.g., Law 16095, Law 18651), however, their participation in the labor force remains low. This paper introduces current demographic data on people with disabilities, as well as key aspects of Uruguayan society, such as prevalent attitudes towards people with disabilities. In addition, a brief overview of social security benefits and disability services is presented, followed by a description of current policy and major pieces of legislation that affect employment of people with disabilities in that country. Finally, selected public and private initiatives to foster employment opportunities for Uruguayans with disabilities, such as the Work Training program for people with disabilities (Programa de Capacitaciόn Laboral para personas con discapacidad or PROCLADIS) and the Target Employment program (“Objetivo Empleo), are presented in detail and discussed. Implications for rehabilitation counselors and practitioners are provided. The pursuit of full employment for people with disabilities remains a challenge in Uruguay, however, recent policy initiatives are auspicious.
Disability in India: The Role of Gender, Family, and Religion
Authors: Anees Shabana
Published: June 2019

India is a country rich in diversity, not only in its history and people, but also with respect to language, culture, religion, and philosophy. Boasting one of the world's biggest populations, second only to China, it is also the largest as well as a relatively “young” democracy. It achieved independence from the British in 1947. Currently, India is experiencing an economic boom, largely due to its expansion and innovations in technology and science. However, India still faces a number of challenges. Among these challenges is the issue of care and assistance for its citizens with disabilities. Are there adequate provisions built into the nation's constructs and infrastructure to support the country's disabled population? If so, what are these provisions and how are they funded? More importantly, how does the richness in diversity among the population affect the rehabilitation efforts for people with disabilities? This paper will closely examine how the role of gender, family, and religion plays a part in the disability and rehabilitation of people in India.
Adult Ex-Offender Population and Employment: A Synthesis of the Literature on Recommendations and Best Practices
Authors: Harley Debra A.
Published: June 2019

Ex-offenders face numerous challenges once release from a period of incarceration. In addition to financial, social, family, and community reintegration, they face enormous barriers to employment. Frequently, for individuals with disabilities a criminal record poses the most significant limitations. The purpose of this article is to provide a synthesis of recommendations and best practice for assisting individuals with disabilities with histories of incarceration with job search and obtaining employment. Attention is given to barriers to community reintegration, employers' hiring practices, and strategies and recommendations for rehabilitation counselors and employment specialists working with ex-offenders. In addition, policy makers, administrators, educators and rehabilitation counselor students, employers, and individuals with incarceration histories themselves may benefit from the information presented.
Engaging Employers and Business in the Hiring of Individuals with Criminal Records
Authors: Swensen J. Gordon , Rakis John , Snyder Melanie G. , Loss Randall E.
Published: June 2019

The successful reentry and reintegration of ex-offenders with disabilities will be discussed in terms of barrier removal, employer perception, and an improved relationship with the criminal justice system. A criminal record limits opportunitiesfor employment and without collaborative community supports can increase both recidivism rates and increase costs to an over-burdened criminal justice system. Employer relationships, including outreach, marketing and evidence-based partneringlcollaboration will be reviewed, including a model program from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania that supports the discussion. Special considerations for those with sex offenses will be provided, as well as efforts to eliminate the stigma involved with criminal and/or felony records. The correlation between disability and delinquency in terms of both impairment and vocational impediments is described through three disabilities (TBL Substance Abuse/Dependency, and Mental Illness). The role of the VR counselor in terms of community efforts at reducing recidivism, increasing employment outcomes for ex-offenders/clients, through effective partnerships, can affect significantly both societal and economic improvement, as well as impact overall recidivism, reentry and community reintegration issues for ex-offenders.
A Guide to Developing Evidence-based Programs in Rehabilitation Counseling Research
Authors: Oswald Gina R. , Huber Mary J. , Workman Judson
Published: June 2019

The development of evidence-based programs (EBPs) in rehabilitation counseling (RC) is rudimentary. The field, specifically EBPs related to employment-focused practices, is in need of a data-driven evaluation process to assure that evidence-based employment interventions are being disseminated and implemented in the field. This article reviews the status of evidence-based vocational rehabilitation (VR) programs; argues for the need of not only employment related EBPs in rehabilitation but for the development of a registry that contains successful employment approaches; provides the readers with a step-by-step process in the documentation of an EBP; and lastly, we discuss the lessons we learned from the process of accreditation. A registry containing evidence-based employment programs holds promise for helping rehabilitation organizations improve the quality of employment services and practices they provide to consumers with disabilities as well as promote the efficiency and effectiveness of rehabilitation counseling services to funding sources and legislators.
Rural Ethics and Mental Health: An Overview for Rehabilitation Counselors
Authors: Coduti Wendy A. , Luse Melissa Manninen
Published: June 2019

Individuals living in rural areas have similar prevalence rates of mental health conditions as individuals living in urban areas, yet face a number of challenges in accessing and receiving proper mental health services. For mental health service providers there are unique ethical challenges when working in rural areas. This paper will examine aspects of rural living, and ethical issues surrounding provision of mental health services. Implications for practice and research are assessed for rehabilitation counselors working in these settings.
Education and Employment Outcomes from the RSA Data File for Transition-Age African American, White, and Hispanic Youth with Learning Disabilities
Authors: Ji Eun , Schaller James , Pazey Barbara , Glynn Kate
Published: June 2019

Relationships among consumer demographic variables, services, and employment outcomes for 25,218 15 to 18 year old youth with learning disabilities were examined using the Rehabilitation Services Administration database from 2012. The 25,218 individuals were randomly split for cross-validation purposes into Sample One and Sample Two. A separate logistic regression was run for each sample. Variables significant for both samples included being African American, college and occupational training, and job placement. The correct classification of the logistic regression for Sample One was 67.1% and for Sample Two it was 66%. African American males had significantly lower successful employment rates than White or Hispanic males. African American females had significantly lower successful employment rates than White or Hispanic females. Mean earnings per week for White males and females combined were significantly higher than African American males and females combined. Hypotheses for the above findings include White and Hispanic youth using job placement resources at educational institutions, cultural mistrust, and rehabilitation counselors following youth’s expressed preferences. Implications for practice include engaging ethnically diverse consumers in vocational rehabilitation through an empowerment approach and viewing family involvement in transition planning as a continuum.
Forgiveness and Disability: Reconsideration of Forgiveness as a Vital Component of the Rehabilitation Counseling Profession
Authors: Stuntzner Susan , Dalton Jacquelyn
Published: June 2019

Forgiveness and self-forgiveness is an area of growing interest in the allied helping professions. In recent years, the study of forgiveness has been expanded to a number of different populations. However, forgiveness as a construct, a model of understanding to cope with difficult and hurtful people, and as an intervention has not been fully considered and explored in the rehabilitation counseling profession. To help rehabilitation counseling professionals better understand the importance of forgiveness as it relates to disability, this article explains the meaning of forgiveness and self-forgiveness, barriers that inhibit the development of forgiveness, models of forgiveness, and empirical research supporting the utility of forgiveness. Following this, professionals are given information about how forgiveness may relate to the needs of persons with disabilities and professional implications for practice.
Substance Abuse among the Elderly Population: Overview and Management
Authors: Kettaneh Amani A.
Published: June 2019

The number of older adults in the United States is increasing dramatically. Increased life expectancy worldwide has led to greater populations of older adults and greater populations of older adults with alcohol use disorders. Hence, professionals in the health services need to have increased awareness about appropriate screening and treatment methods and services for working with older people with these conditions. A review of the literature was conducted to identify the impact of substance abuse on older adults. This paper provides an overview of the addictive disorders among older adults, with details about the impact of addiction, risk and protective factors, the relationship between addiction and demographics variables, and finally, the rehabilitation counselor's role in helping older adults with alcohol and substance use disorders.
An Exploration of Supervision Styles within Master's-Level Rehabilitation Counseling Internships
Authors: McCarthy Amanda K.
Published: June 2019

This cross-sectional study explored internship supervision experiences of interns in Council on Rehabilitation Education accredited programs (N = 73). Using the Supervisory Styles Inventory and a survey that measured confidence to perform rehabilitation counseling techniques, perceived effectiveness of supervision received, and demographic variables, I focused on four research questions: (a) What do interns perceive as the overall supervisory style of their supervisor? (b) Does supervisory style predict the perceived effectiveness of supervision? (c) Is there a relationship between effectiveness of supervision and demographic variables? (d) What is the relationship between confidence for rehabilitation counseling skills and perceived effectiveness of supervision? The results demonstrated that (a) interns rated supervisors high on all supervisory styles; (b) supervisory style predicts several, but not all, aspects of supervision effectiveness; (c) only the number of hours the intern reported completing was significantly related to supervision effectiveness (r = -0.28, p = .02); and (d) effectiveness of supervision was minimally related to confidence to perform rehabilitation counseling skills. Overall, supervisory styles alone do not predict the supervision outcomes measured in this study.
Measurement Structure of an Abbreviated and Modified Version of the Adaptation to Disability Scale-Revised for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Sánchez Jennifer , Umucu Emre , Schoen Barbara , Barnes Erin F. , Chan Fong , Bezyak Jill L.
Published: June 2019

Background: Disability acceptance is central to the recovery process for people with severe mental illness (SMI). Measuring a client's level of disability acceptance is an important step to develop psychosocial interventions for individuals with SMI in psychiatric rehabilitation. Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement structure of an abbreviated and modified version of the Adaptation to Disability Scale-Revised (ADS-R), the ADS-R-23, for individuals with SMI. Method: One hundred ninety-four participants were recruited from four community-based mental health agencies. The measurement structure of the ADS-R-23 was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Findings: Principal components analysis of the ADS-R-23 yielded two factors (succumbing and positive coping). The ADS-R-23 was found to be associated with four acceptance-related variables (i.e., resilience, social functioning, social support, and self-stigma) in the expected directions. The ADS-R-23 was found to be a multidimensional scale with good reliability. Conclusions: The abbreviated and modified version of the ADS-R, the ADS-R-23, is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing disability acceptance for people with SMI in psychiatric rehabilitation.
The Use of Feedback in Group Counseling in a State Vocational Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Grizzell Saara , Smart Julie , Lambert Michael J. , Fargo Jamison
Published: June 2019

This study examined the impact of providing progress feedback to individuals with disabilities receiving services at a state vocational rehabilitation (VR) agency. Thirty individuals were randomly assigned to receive either group therapy (treatment-as-usual, TAU) or group therapy plus feedback (treatment, Fb) during a 10-week counseling program at one of five agency offices. Each week, participants attended a 90-minute session and completed a measure of mental health (Outcome Questionnaire-45). Longitudinal multilevel models were used to evaluate the hypothesis that participation in the Fb group would lead to improved mental health. The effect of the intervention was conditional on receipt of public benefits for three mental health outcomes: interpersonal relationships (p=.025); social role performance (p=.021), and overall mental healthfunctioning (p=.028). Additionally, a significantly greater proportion of participants were employed at the end of the study (p=0.012). Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of feedback interventions in VR settings.
Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of OEF/OIF Veterans
Authors: Hawley Carolyn E. , Armstrong Amy J. , Czarnota Jenna , Fields Kevin
Published: June 2019

The U.S. deployment of service members to combat zones within Iraq and Afghanistan has resulted in physical and mental disabilities for over a third of the 2.6 million veterans of these operations. Veterans report difficulty reintegrating into the community, and display higher rates of unemployment and homelessness than nonveterans. This study aims to investigate OIF/OEF veterans and assess the relationship between Quality of Life (QOL) and the demographic and disability characteristics of the population. Eighty-six predominantly white male veterans from urban areas completed the Quality of Life Scale. Significant effects were found for relationship status, employment, income level, and disability status. Implications for rehabilitation counselors are presented and discussed.
Integrated Postsecondary Services and Supports for College Students with Psychiatric Disabilities
Authors: Koch Lynn C. , Mamiseishvili Ketevan , Wilkins Melissa
Published: June 2019

The enrollment of individuals with psychiatric disabilities in American postsecondary institutions has grown substantially in recent years, and universities and colleges are struggling to meet the treatment and academic support needs of these students that will enable them to achieve their educational goals. In this article we examine (a) the in-college experiences (e.g., substance use, use of campus mental health services and classroom accommodations, academic integration, social integration) of these students, (b) the role that rehabilitation counselors can play to facilitate student achievement, and (c) emerging practices that have been implemented to better address their needs.
Compassion and Self-compassion: Conceptualization of and Application to Adjustment to Disability
Authors: Stuntzner Susan
Published: June 2019

For many, disability may ignite feelings of grief, sadness, loss, and/or emotional pain. Others discover they harbor negative or self-critical thoughts and beliefs (i.e., blame) which compounds and complicates the personal coping process. Adjustment to disability models exist to help persons with disabilities and professionals understand or explain their negative thoughts, feelings, and experiences; yet, they do not overtly discuss or address emerging skills and approaches such as compassion and selfcompassion as a part of the disability adjustment process. In an effort to change this trend, an eclectic theoretical model which infuses self-compassion and compassion-based techniques has been developed. Rehabilitation counselors are provided with an explanation of the ways existing research on compassion and self-compassion can be used to strengthen their application to the adjustment needs of persons with disabilities. Information about how to incorporate compassion and self-compassion into the rehabilitation counseling adjustment process and recommendations are also provided.
Lupus in Culturally Diverse Populations: A Transdisciplinary Model for Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling
Authors: Rapoza Kimberly A. , Kenney-Riley Kathleen , Berkowitz Shari Salzhauer , Lewis Allen N. , Myra Rosen Reynoso
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease, impacting multiple organ systems and functional status. Lupusdisproportionately affects people from minority racial and ethnic backgrounds and takes an earlier, more severe and disabling course within these groups. Care for persons with lupus often requires a multitude of specialists and coordination. To eliminate health disparities, there is a need for comprehensive multilevel and multidisciplinary interventions, with vocational rehabilitation counselors playing an integral role in this process. This paper proposes a transdisciplinary model of care management between all stakeholders that can lead to improved function, disease management and quality of life. The transdisciplinary model builds upon the current interprofessional education model that encourages education, communication and collaboration between health care disciplines, including a team-based model of care incorporating all health providers, rehabilitation counselors, minority individuals with lupus, and other community-based entities (school and work) and natural supports to offer culturally appropriate services.
The Impact of Disability and Type of Crime on Employment Outcomes of African American and Latino Offenders
Authors: Ethridge Glacia , Dowden Angel Riddick , Brooks Michael
Published: June 2019

Individuals with criminal histories who struggle to gain employment may choose to turn to illegal activity or seek state and federal program assistance to support themselves and their families. African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos with disabilities and criminal histories experience barriers (i.e., disability, criminal history, and race/ethnicity) that often prevent them from obtaining or maintaining competitive integrated employment. The purpose of this article was to examine the extant literature pertinent to disability and criminal history as employment obstacles among African American and Hispanic/Latino ex-offenders. As the foundation, the article categorizes employment outcomes for these target population by disability and criminal history, discusses how state vocational rehabilitation agencies can develop a criminal history service delivery model to improve employment outcomes, presents implications for improving employment outcomes, and explores future research.
Increasing Successful Vocational Rehabilitation Outcomes for Individuals with Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Lusk Stephanie L. , Veale Frances R. B.
Published: June 2019

Employment is essential during the treatment and recovery process for individuals with substance use disorders. As such, rehabilitation counselors play a vital role in ensuring the success of these consumers by offering services that increase the likelihood of employment. State and federal vocational rehabilitation programs can offer any of 19 services to consumers and by identifying services offered to those with substance use disorders who have been rehabilitated successfully, counselors can make a concerted effort to incorporate them when most appropriate. As a replica of a study conducted over 10 years ago, the current study seeks to determine if the services identified as increasing successful employment outcomes using data from 2005 still hold true today especially since gainful employment remain low for this population. After effective services are identified, one may then determine how to best incorporate these services into the overall Individual Plan for Employment (IPE) to better assist those with substance use disorders (SUDs). Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) 911 datasets were analyzed for years 2010-2014, and chi-square analyses identified five services as increasing the probability of successful case closure (i.e., employment): 1) job placement, 2) on-the-job supports, 3) maintenance, 4) job search, and 5) other. Descriptions of each service are provided as well as suggestions for application and implementation.
VR Online in Rehabilitation Counseling Preparation: An Integrative Pilot Initiative
Authors: Bernacchio Charles , Wilson Josephine
Published: June 2019

This collaboration involves VR Online research at Wright State (WSU) and the Vocational Rehabilitation Counseling (VRC) Long-term Training Project at University of Southern Maine (USM). The NIDILRR-funded VR Online research team developed and piloted online resources for vocational rehabilitation (VR) consumers and counselors using an online portal to meet consumers via videoconference. To address VRC shortages in state VRs and community rehabilitation providers, the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) funded Northern New England VRC project which provides graduate education to VR employees in order to increase the number of qualified VRCs throughout the rural northeast. This article will examine a partnership of these two projects to provide training and technical assistance to VRC students during internships, which includes: use of tele-rehabilitation technology in delivering VR services; integration of video conference technology into rehabilitation counselor education (RCE) graduate level curriculum during internship; trainee supervision and preparation applying HIPPA compliant, webbased, video-conference technology; and assessing benefits and limitations using advanced technologies in internship experiences and process considerations to improve VR Online application in practice.
Utilizing Telerehabilitation to Deliver Vocational Rehabilitation Services Remotely as an Alternative to Traditional Counseling
Authors: Embree Jared A. , Huber Jon-Michael , Kapp Valerie A. , Wilson Josephine F.
Published: June 2019

Telerehabilitation has emerged as a promising option for vocational rehabilitation to address barriers with consumers. Pilot programs like the one described here are being used to remotely train counselors and serve consumers by providing treatment and support through technology. This program delivers training and service through an online portal that allows consumers specific options tailored to individual needs. Counselors have been trained in 43 states via webcasts, videoconferencing, and in-person trainings. Telerehabilitation can enhance employment outcomes by improving access for consumers, strengthening the counselor-consumer relationship, and increasing contacts with consumers. Counselors can also augment traditional services and increase engagement without increasing travel time and associated costs. Consumers are able to take a more active role in the vocational rehabilitation process, have a better understanding of VR services, increase their knowledge about what to expect of VR services, and be more accountable and involved in the progress and outcomes of VR services.
Applied Interventions in College Settings to Assist Adult Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Paskins Ryan T. , Brady Anna M. , Schultz Jared C.
Published: June 2019

With the increase in the number of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), it is likely many of them will enter post-secondary education settings. To provide an understanding of ASD in higher education, this article reports the results of a systematic review of experimental design interventions used with college students with ASD. Overall, seven articles describing experimental design studies met the inclusion criteria. This small number of articles and participants highlights the scarcity of research on this topic. These studies described video-self modeling, cognitive behavior therapy, peer support, biofeedback, and structural support as current interventions. The limitations of our understanding of effective college programming for individuals with ASD, and the lack of research in this area are discussed.
Undergraduate Rehabilitation Education and Accreditation: The Importance of Being Persistent
Authors: Perry David C. , Schiro-Geist Chrisann , Marmé Michelle , Duncan J. Chad , Robertson Regina , Willmering Penny
Published: June 2019

This article presents an overview of undergraduate rehabilitation education (URE) and the movement toward accreditation. Tracing the history of URE from the earliest days of rehabilitation education programs up to the present, this review discusses the purposes of URE, traditional URE program curricula, where URE graduates have been (and are being) employed, and the relationship between UREs and graduate rehabilitation counseling programs. The article also explains the development of URE curriculum and program standards, the development of a registry of qualified URE programs, and the transition to accreditation of URE programs in the United States. The purposes of accreditation are described, along with the advantages that accreditation offers to URE programs, their students, and to persons with disabilities.
Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Counseling: A Framework for the Future
Authors: Linkowski Donald C.
Published: June 2019

Comprehensive rehabilitation communities interactive with the mainstream of society are proposed as a way of improving the delivery of rehabilitation services for the future. Handicaps are viewed as environmental impediments which require deliberate redesign. The advocate role of counselors and needed changes in the structure of vocational rehabilitation programs are stressed.
Comments
Authors: Duffy Michael
Published: June 2019

This section is reserved as an outlet for brief professional expressions pertaining to issues concerning the handicapped, the field of rehabilitation counseling, and/or reactions to previously published JARC articles.
Restrictive Counselor Role Determinants
Authors: Joiner James G.
Published: June 2019

Looking over the history of rehabilitation in the United States it becomes apparent why rehabilitation counselors have not agreed upon role identity. Efforts to define the counseling role has often resulted in restrictive practices reducing professional practices to skilled trades. Consideration should be given to broadening rehabilitation counselor role definitions reserving restrictive specifications for counselor functions determined by setting, clientele, and expertise. Certification and ethical standards will have little meaning if we have restrictive role identity to the degree that we cannot continue meeting fluctuations in national priorities. Attitudes toward counselor roles reflect agency structure or needs, counselor needs, and client needs, all of which may become professionally restrictive. Professional strength and accountability must be determined as the V. R. benefit/cost ratio decreases. Rehabilitation counselors' prime concern is for the rehabilitation needs of the handicapped persons. We serve and have identity only to the extent that we attend those needs.