bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Determinants of Development Imports in Indonesia
Authors: Purba Malem Ateta Br. , Rahmadana Muhammad Fitri , Fitrawaty Fitrawaty
Published: May 2021

Indonesia is known as a developing country which industrial production has not been sustainable to the local demand. This is reflected in Indonesia's dependence on other countries in terms of consumer goods, raw and auxiliary materials as well as capital goods. Indonesia carries out import activities because most domestic products have not been able to compete with foreign products, and there is a sense of grandeur for the people when they are able to buy goods from abroad. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of gross domestic product (GDP), foreign exchange reserves, exchange rates and inflation on imports in Indonesia in 2000 - 2019. The method of analysis in this study uses the Error Correction Model (ECM). The estimation results show that in the short term, the variable gross domestic product (GDP), foreign exchange reserves and inflation have a positive and significant effect on imports in Indonesia, while in the long run, all variables have a significant and significant effect on imports in Indonesia. In this case, the support of the government and producers by providing good quality production will greatly assist in the development of the domestic industry, so that the Indonesian people turn to domestic products again.
The Effectiveness of Learning Using Social Media during the Covid 19 Pandemic in Higher Education
Authors: Batubara Ismail Hanif , Nur Kholidah , Lubis Ali Topan , Arianto Nanang
Published: May 2021

This study explains the factual about learning using online media during long-distance lectures during the Covid 19 epidemic. Some students are used as a source of information using a qualitative approach method. By using behaviorism and cognitive theory.Online Distance Learning can take advantage of social media with virtual online learning via video conferencing, teleconferences, in groups on social media. Social media is a way out to get rid of boredom or stress from studying at home. These are new conditions for faculty and students, Makathe role of lecturers is very much needed in managing or managing learning starting from planning, organizing, actuating and evaluating in order to increase the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Causality of Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates Sharia Stock Indices on Indonesian Sharia Stock Index
Authors: Firli Anisah , Jayasena Satria
Published: May 2021

The capital market plays an important role in encouraging the investment, economy, and prosperity of a country. The sharia capital market was formed to be a new alternative in investing. The movement of the capital market can be influenced by various factors, one of which is the influence of other countries, also known as contagion, which in turn causes causality between the stock indices of each country. This study was conducted to determine whether there was a causal relationship between the sharia stock indices of Qatar and Indonesia, between the sharia stock indices of Kuwait and Indonesia, and between sharia stock indices of the United Arab Emirates and Indonesia. Stock index data of QERI, FTFLKS, FTDKUS, and ISSI for 5 years were tested using the Stationarity Test and the Granger Causality Test to determine the quality between indices. This study provides different findings from other studies, showing no causality in the sharia stock indices of Qatar, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates on Indonesia. The findings of this study can be used as input for investors in determining their investment portfolio if they wish to invest in the sharia capital market.
Egg quality in different lines of New Hampshire and Giriraja chicken
Authors: Baskota N , Sharma M , Bhattrai N , Neupane D , Yadav RK , Upreti S
Published: May 2021

This study was undertaken to evaluate the egg quality parameters of New Hampshire and Giriraja by maintaining four different flocks (lines) of New Hampshire viz. NH-Khajura, NH-Parwanipur, NH-Khumaltar and NH-Pokhara and three different flocks (lines) of Giriraja viz. GR-Pakhribas, GR-Khumaltar and GR-Tarhara. The 40-60 weeks of hatchability, fertility, external and internal egg quality parameters were studied and recorded. A total of 200 birds (40 weeks of age) of each New Hampshire and Giriraja from each line were maintained on deep litter system. Results from this study indicated the significant effect of genotype and respective lines on fertility and hatchability of eggs. Significant (P<0.05) variation in fertility and no significant variation in hatchability for genotypes were found. However, in terms of fertility and hatchability, there were significant variations in different lines. In case of egg weight:  no significant (P<0.01) variation was obtained for genotype but lines comparison showed significant variation. Other external egg quality parameters like egg length, egg diameter, shape index, shell thickness were examined for evaluating the genotype and line effect. In all these external egg quality parameters, there were significant (P<0.01) effect of both genotype and lines of birds. For internal egg qualities, yolk weight (g), yolk index, albumen weight and albumen index were checked. Genotype had no significant (P<0.01) effect but lines had significant (P<0.01) effect on yolk weight. In case of yolk index, both genotype and lines of bird had no significant effect. For albumen weight and albumen index, genotype of birds had no significant (P<0.01) effect but lines of bird had significant (P<0.01) effect on both parameters. The study showed that the egg quality parameters of NH (Khajura) were better than that of GR. Among different lines New Hampshire (Khajura) showed better performance in terms of egg quality parameter.

Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (2): 108-118
Brand Positioning and Segmentation of Sneakers through Multi-Dimensional Customer Experience Analysis
Authors: Senthilkumar R. , RubanRaja B. , Monisha -
Published: May 2021

A huge corpus of valuable information on customer experience is available as unstructured form in customer reviews on e-commerce websites. Multivariate data analysis techniques are effective in uncovering hidden patterns and segments in structured data. A major challenge is to convert the unstructured data into a structured form for applying multivariate techniques. In this article, we have provided a text analysis based approach coupled with multivariate techniques to uncover the sentiment of various features associated with different brands and to determine the brand positions and segments through perceptual mapping and cluster analysis.
Gossamer-like V2O5 Thin Films for the Detection of Toxic Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Ravinder G. , Sreelatha C. J. , Chandar rao P. , Nagaraju P. , Vijayakumar Y. , Sreekanth T.
Published: May 2021

Nanostructured vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films are successfully deposited on an ultrasonically cleaned glass substrate with different deposition parameters via spray pyrolysis technique. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the V2O5 films are polycrystalline with an orthorhombic structure. SEM analysis illustrated that the gossamer-like morphology at the substrate temperature of 325 °C. The average crystallite size of the films changes from 14.29 to 23.81 nm, due to the deposition temperature enhancement. The film which is deposited at a substrate temperature of 325 °C has shown high transmittance. XPS studies validated the existence of V5+ oxidation form of vanadium in vanadium oxide thin film. Gas sensors are electronic devices designed to trace the concentration of different toxic gases existing in the environment. Gas sensing characterization has been performed using static liquid distribution technique towards different volatile organic compounds such as acetone, methanol, toluene and xylene. The thin film prepared at a substrate temperature of 325 °C has shown the maximum response towards 100 ppm of toluene at room temperature. The response and recovery times are determined using transient response curve, and the obtained values are 21sec and 31sec, respectively.
Squeezing in the Difference of the Fields in Degenerate Four-and Five-wave Interaction Processes
Authors: Sahu N. , Giri D. K.
Published: May 2021

Squeezing in the difference of the fields in degenerate four- and five-wave interaction processes is studied. It is shown that the difference squeezing can be led to normal squeezing of the field for uncorrelated modes. It is found that the amplitude-squared squeezing of the fundamental mode directly converted into the normal squeezing of the signal mode in the four-wave interaction process and amplitude-cubed of the fundamental directly converted into the normal squeezing of the signal mode in the five-wave interaction process. Detection of higher-order squeezing in these processes is also studied. It is observed that difference squeezing responds nonlinearly to the number of pump photons and found greater in the stimulated process than in spontaneous one. Difference squeezing exists only in certain domain value of pump photons. It is inferred that the multi-photon absorption process is more suitable for the generation of optimum squeezed light.
Controlling Chaos in a Newly Designed Chaotic Hamiltonian System Based on Hénon-Heiles Model using Active Controlled Hybrid Projective Synchronization
Authors: Khan T. , Khan A. , Chaudhary H.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a systematic approach is designed for investigating the hybrid projective synchronization (HPS) in identical chaotic Hamiltonian systems based on Hénon-Heiles Model by using active control method (ACM). Initially, an active control law is described to achieve asymptotic stability of state vectors of given system using Lyapunov stability theory (LST). Additionally, numerical simulations utilizing MATLAB toolbox are presented to validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the designed approach. Furthermore, the proposed strategy has numerous applications in encryption and secure communication.
A Task Scheduling Approach for Cloud Environments Employing Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Lakhani B. , Agrawal A.
Published: May 2021

One of the key challenges in the domain of cloud computing is task scheduling and estimation of cloud workloads for time critical applications pertaining to constrained cloud resources. While effective task scheduling is necessary for balancing the load, workload forecasting is necessary to plan in advance the requirements of cloud platforms based on previous data so as to effectively utilize cloud resources. Often it is challenging to gather sufficient information about the tasks and hence allocating the tasks to virtual machines (VMs) in the most optimal way is non-trivial. In this paper, a hybrid task scheduling approach is proposed based on evolutionary algorithms. The first approach is the amalgamation of bat and particle swarm optimization (PSO) techniques. The scheduling approach also combines the processing time preemption (PTP) approach to schedule the source intensive tasks which allows to reduce the response time of the proposed system.  The second approach is a machine learning based approach employing gradient descent with momentum (GDM). The evaluation of the proposed system has been done based on the response time and mean square error of the system.
L(2,1,1)-Labeling of Circular-Arc Graphs
Authors: Amanathulla S. , Bera B. , Pal M.
Published: May 2021

Graph labeling problem has been broadly studied in recent past for its wide applications, in mobile communication system for frequency assignment, radar, circuit design, X-ray crystallography, coding theory, etc. An L211-labeling  (L211L) of a graph G = (V, E) is a function γ : V → Z∗ such that |γ(u) − γ(v)| ≥ 2, if d(u, v) = 1 and |γ(u) − γ(v)| ≥ 1, if  d(u, v) = 1 or 2, where  Z∗  be the set of non-negative integers and d(u, v) represents the distance between the nodes u and v. The L211L numbers of a graph G, are denoted by λ2,1,1(G) which is the difference between largest and smallest labels used in L211L. In this article, for circular-arc graph (CAG) G we have proved that λ2,1,1(G) ≤ 6∆ − 4, where ∆ represents the degree of the graph. Beside this we have designed a polynomial time algorithm to label a CAG satisfying the conditions of L211L. The time complexity of the algorithm is O(n∆2), where n is the number of nodes of the graph G.
Effect of maternal and child factors on stunting: partial least squares structural equation modeling
Authors: Santosa Agus , Novanda Arif Essa , Abdul Ghoni Dinal
Published: May 2021

Background: Stunting is affected by various factors from mother and child. Previous studies assessed only one or more influencing variables. Unfortunately, nor the significant influence of maternal and child factors nor the indicators contributing to maternal and child factors that affect the stunting incidence have ever been analyzed.Purpose: This study analyzed the effect of maternal and child factors on stunting and the significant indicators that shape the maternal and child factors that impact stunting.Methods: This was a case-control study. Overall, 132 stunted children and 132 nonstunted children in Purbalingga Regency, Central Java Province, participated in the research. Direct interviews and medical record reviews were conducted to assess the studied variables. The research data were tested using the partial least squares structural equation with a formative model.Results: Maternal factors directly affected the occurrence of stunting (t=3.527, P<0.001) with an effect of 30.3%. Maternal factors also contributed a significant indirect effect on stunting through child factors (t=4.762, P<0.001) with an effect of 28.2%. Child factors affected the occurrence of stunting (t= 5.749, P<0.001) with an effect of 49.8%. The child factor was influenced by maternal factor with an effect of 56.7% (t=10.014, P<0.001). The moderation analysis results demonstrated that maternal and child factors were moderate predictive variables of stunting occurrence.Conclusion: Child factors have more significant and direct effects on stunting than maternal factors but are greatly affected by them.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA REALIA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Kuswariyanti Ninik
Published: May 2021

Realia media is a real object that can be used as a tool in learning activities. The purpose of this study was to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics with division material. The research method used was classroom action research in grade 2 SD Negeri Kedungcaluk 1, Krejengan District, Probolinggo Regency. The results showed that the test scores of student learning outcomes from pre-cycle to cycle 1 then cycle 2 increased significantly. In addition to improving learning outcomes, media relia also fosters enthusiasm and motivation for student learning as well as trains the independence of students to reason well in finding their own traditional distribution algorithms.
Origen y desafíos de las escuelas aimaras en el sur andino peruano del siglo XX
Authors: Ruelas-Vargas David , Yabar-Miranda Percy S. , Cornejo-Valdivia Gabriela
Published: May 2021

El artículo aborda la comprensión ontológica de la educación indígena aimara, de los hechos históricos y desafíos al sistema político, económico y social a inicios del siglo XX, en el Altiplano peruano, región Puno. Dichas escuelas se originaron en forma clandestina, a causa de la exclusión educativa de la población originaria aimara, generado por los gobiernos turno. Para los maestros indígenas la única forma de liberarse de la opresión, era con la creación de escuelas rurales y que se convirtieron en instrumentos de liberación del sistema de servidumbre y semifeudal, instaurado por los gamonales y los gobiernos oligárquicos. El objetivo de estudio es identificar el origen y desafíos de las escuelas aimaras en el sur andino peruano del siglo XX, y contribuir a la historia de la educación regional y nacional, la metodología de investigación aplicada fue el enfoque descriptivo historiográfico, que se revisaron las fuentes documentales primarias y secundarias para el análisis y validación de los datos, fundamentalmente. Se concluye que a comienzos del siglo XX se originaron escuelas aimaras a consecuencia de la opresión, explotación, usurpación de sus tierras de parte del gamonalismo y la oligarquía, la educación para los aimaras significó una vía de liberación hacia una sociedad justa. El resultado del estudio permitió identificar el origen de las escuelas rurales y al primer maestro indígena aimara Manuel Zúñiga Camacho del sur peruano - puneño de 1902, como pionero de las escuelas clandestinas en el Altiplano puneño, la población originaria empezó educarse para enfrentar al sistema gamonal.
Interferencias lingüísticas en la participación verbal oral
Authors: Coronado-Cárdenas Mirtha Y. , Auccatoma-Tinco Roly , Gutiérrez-Gómez Edgar , Quispe Arroyo Adolfo
Published: May 2021

Las interferencias lingüísticas como fenómenos resultantes de la coexistencia de lenguas, cuya estructura es divergente, alteran y distorsionan la expresión oral en el nivel de la producción de sonidos, la construcción de oraciones, la organización y el empleo de un conjunto de palabras que constituyen una determinada lengua; por ende, dificultan la comprensión e intervención oral de los estudiantes en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El propósito del presente fue determinar la influencia de las interferencias lingüísticas en la participación verbal oral de los estudiantes; explicar respecto a los factores lingüísticos y socioculturales influyentes en la expresión oral; asimismo, evaluar las consecuencias de las interferencias lingüísticas derivadas de un bilingüismo sustractivo. La investigación fue no experimental, descriptiva y explicativa. Se recopilaron datos empleando las técnicas de observación, encuesta y entrevista, cuyos instrumentos son las fichas de observación, cuestionarios y listas de cotejo. Se abarcó una población constituida por 80 estudiantes del nivel secundario de la institución educativa "Los Libertadores", en su mayoría bilingües (quechua-español) y originarios de zonas rurales y urbano-marginales. La conclusión a la que se arribó es la existencia del poco dominio de la lengua castellana estándar, escasa fluidez en la comunicación, errores de dicción, pobreza léxica, entre otros.
Accounting Aspects of Digitalization and Industry 4.0 in Hungary
Authors: Hegedűs Mihály , Cseh Balázs , Fábics István
Published: May 2021

In our present paper, we analyze the accounting aspects of digitalization and industry 4.0 in Hungary. First of all, the accounting profession is a traditional profession and accounting rules and principles are established and have been the same for many years. However, globalization of business, stronger regulations and numerous technological solutions and innovations are not bypassing the accounting profession, either. Challenges for the accounting profession are reflected in the need for rapid adaptation and transformation of business practice and business processes without abandoning basic accounting rules and principles. The aim of this paper is to analyze and systematize the key challenges that digitalization brings for the accounting profession. The paper seeks to examine how, through environmental accounting, the broader context of corporate sustainability could be incorporated into the developing vision for Industry 4.0, the fourth industrial revolution.
Application of a Simulation Model in an Agricultural Vocational School Through Examples from the Livestock Sector
Authors: Horváthné Petrás Viktória
Published: May 2021

In today’s education system, it is possible to prepare a skilled workforce within the framework of public education, higher education and vocational training outside the school system. One of them young people need to be prepared for activities that require adaptability and perseverance. In contrast, there has been a level of development in agriculture that neither teacher training nor vocational training can keep up with, as a result of which it is not possible to teach in the same wayas before. Significant renewal is needed in secondary agricultural education. One of the areas of this is the renewal of technical and IT training, the improvement of the standard of practical education following technological innovations. Numerous researches show that educators need to breakaway from the “outdated” methods used so far, more emphasis should be placed on motivation and practice, as these graduates will ultimately be business leaders who will coordinate the work of their professionals (Berke and Kőmüves, 2016; Kőmüves, Berke and Póra, 2016). It is therefore important and necessary to apply and put into practice the ever-expanding innovative teaching methods. As an innovative pedagogical method, I examined the possibilities of applying the simulation model I created, as this model can point to interdisciplinary relationships that enable students to study an economic process in a broader, more complex light by broadening their knowledge and reflectiveness.
PENGEMBANGAN LABORATORIUM VIRTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP PADA MATERI SISTEM SIRKULASI
Authors: Sukenti Evi
Published: May 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan Laboratorium Virtual untuk meningkatkan penguasaan konsep pada materi  sistem sirkulasi. Laboratorium virtual ini dikembangkan sebagai salah satu alternatif solusi keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana laboratorium IPA untuk kegiatan praktikum  yang mampu meningkatkan penguasaan konsep. Perkembangan teknologi informasi saat ini sudah sangat mendukung untuk melaksanakan simulasi paktikum dalam bentuk laboratorium virtual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode pengembangan atau Research and Development (RD) dengan desain 4-D yang dimodifikasi menjadi 3-D. Langkah pengembangan meliputi: 1) pengidentifikasian berupa analisis kebutuhan dan studi pendahuluan, 2) perancangan berupa pemilihan model, media, penyusunan tes, pemilihan format berupa flowchart dan 3) pengembangan, berupa pembuatan media dengan menggunakan macromedia flash  CS6 dan validasi ahli media, ahli materi dan pengguna media untuk menilai kelayakan media dan uji pengembangan untuk melihat efektivitas penggunaan media dalam pembelajaran serta tanggapan peserta didik terhadap efektivitas pembelajaran dengan menggunakan media laboratorium virtual.  Uji kelayakan media laboratorium virtual oleh ahli media sangat baik dengan prosentase 95%.  Hasil uji kelayakan media laboratorium virtual oleh ahli materi sangat baik dengan prosentase  82,14% dan hasil uji kelayakan media oleh tenaga pendidik sebagai pengguna media katagori sangat baik dengan prosentase 94% . Pembelajaran menggunakan media laboratorium virtual pada materi sistem sirkulasi efektif dalam meningkatkan penguasaan konsep,  ditunjukkan dengan rata-rata N-Gain sebesar 31,38%.
KREATIVITAS PESERTA DIDIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOTEKNOLOGI DENGAN PJBL BERBASIS STEAM
Authors: Fatma Heryani
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kreativitas  belajar biologi  peserta didik kelas 11 IPA .4 SMAN I Parung kabupaten Bogor,pada konsep Bioteknologi, dengan model pembelajaran PJBL ( Projek Based Learning ) bebasis STEAM ( Saint Teknologi Engenering Art Matematic )  Jenis penelitian  best praktis  dengan teknik penelitiannya  analisis  deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa teknik analisis data yang menggunakan lembar pengamatan dan lembar soal esay test .Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah  peserta didik  kelas 11 IPA.4  SMAN I Parung yang berjumlah 36 orang terdiri dari laki laki  13 orang , perempuan 23 orang.waktu penelitian  pada   bulan Nopember  2019 (semester ganjil  tahun pelajran 2019/2020). Hasil yang diperoleh,  Kreativitas  belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Projek Based learning ( PJBL) berbasis STEAM  pada kelas  11 IPA.4  SMAN I Parung .Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini    untuk tiap  indicator  kreativitas adalah sebagai berikut : fleksibilitas 94,4 %,Orginalitas 97,2 %, Elaborasi 100 %,fluency 91,6 %  . indicator tertinggi diperoleh pada elaborate yaitu 100%, dan perolehan terrendah pada indicator fluency sebesar 91,6  dengan rata rata dari ke empat  indicator sebesar 95,8% dengan kriteria sangat baik.Dalam penelitian best praktis ini juga didapat hasil belajar yang baik yaitu rata rata nilai kelas 85. Nilai rata rata 85 ini merupakan nilai rata rata di atas kriteria ketuntasan  minimal (KKM) yaitu 75 ,BEST PRACTICE
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU MATA PELAJARAN DALAM PEMBUATAN RPP MELALUI KEGIATAN MGMP SEKOLAH DI SMP NEGERI 3 DEPOK
Authors: Iriani Erna
Published: May 2021

Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah. Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Mata Pelajaran dalam Pembuatan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Kurikulum 2013 melalui Kegiatan  MGMP Sekolah di SMP Negeri 3 Depok Tahun  2019.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektifitas MGMP sebagai wadah peetemuan Guru mata pelajaran sejenis untuk memecahkan masalah, terutama dalam hal pembuatan RPP kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan  selama 3 bulan sejak bulan Agustus sampai awal nopember 2019. Untuk melihat efektifitas kegiatan, maka MGMP  Sekolah sementara hanya dilaksanakan pada guru mata pelajaran yang di Ujian Nasionalkan, seperti Bahasa Indonesia, Matematika, Bahasa Inggris dan IPA, berjumlah 21 orang guru.  Sebelum dilakukan kegiatan MGMP sekolah pada umumnya Para guru kebingungan dalam menyusun Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran sesuai dengan Peraturan Mentri Pendidikan no 103 tahun 2014. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua siklus , tiap siklusnya terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil refleksi siklus pertama kemudian dijadikan awalan bagi siklus kedua dan seterusnya.  Untuk melihat Hasil keja Guru mata Pelajaran dalam membuat RPP Kurilas, maka dilakukan penelahaan RPP dengan menggunakan format telaah RPP, sebanyak  8  item dan 43 butir indikator. Hasil telaah RPP dengan menggunakan format telah RPP yang terdiri dari  8 item yaitu Identitas Mata pelajaran, Kompetensi Inti dan Kompetensi Dasar, Petumusan Indikator, Perumusan Tujuan pembelajaran, Pemilihan Bahan ajar, Pemilihan sumber belajar, Pemilihan Media Belajar, Model Pembelajaran, Metode Pembelajaran, Skenario Pembelajaran dan Rancangan Penilaian pembelajaran, dengan skala 1 sampai 3. Ketentuan diberi skor 1 jika tidak sesuai / tidak lengkap, diberi skor 2 jika  Sesuai sebagian atau kurang lengkap, dan diberi skor 3 jika sesuai atau lengkap. Dari 8 item tersebut diuraikan dalam 41 butir instrumen, sehingga skor maksimal sebesar 123 point. Hasil penelitian pada siklus 1 ini diperoleh jumlah nilai 1730, 89 dengan rata rata nilai 82,27. Nilai tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 96,75  sedangkan skor terendah sebesar  72,36. Hasil penelitian siklus kedua Dari 8 item tersebut diuraikan dalam 41 butir instrumen, sehingga skor maksimal sebesar 123 point. Hasil penelitian pada siklus 2 ini diperoleh jumlah nilai 1956,10 dengan rata rata nilai 93,15. Nilai tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 99,19  sedangkan skor terendah sebesar  82,11 Data yang diperoleh kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS ver. 20.0 untuk memperoleh gambaran dan penyebaran data yang diperoleh.
Does it Matter to be Informal? Type of employment and political opinions in the MENA region
Authors: Duman Anil
Published: May 2021

The paper analyzes the relationship between informal employment and political opinions in the MENA region using IV estimation techniques. We argue that working in the informal sector has a negative impact on how individuals view government’s performance even after controlling for a battery of socio-economic characteristics. Our findings reveal that both narrow and broader definition of informal employment in the MENA region is significantly increasing the likelihood of adverse perceptions. Individuals in the informal sector are more skeptical about government’s performance in job creation and redistribution. Also, their level of trust for political actors are lower and they declare greater levels of corruption. Moreover, we demonstrated that the impact is not conditional on incomes and even respondents belonging to high income households in the MENA region evaluate the government more negatively if they are in the informal sector. Our results are robust to sampling, recoding variables, and model selection.
WNT5B in Physiology and Disease
Authors: Suthon Sarocha , Perkins Rachel S. , Bryja Vitezslav , Miranda-Carboni Gustavo A. , Krum Susan A.
Published: May 2021

WNT5B, a member of the WNT family of proteins that is closely related to WNT5A, is required for cell migration, cell proliferation, or cell differentiation in many cell types. WNT5B signals through the non-canonical β-catenin-independent signaling pathway and often functions as an antagonist of canonical WNT signaling. Although WNT5B has a high amino acid identity with WNT5A and is often assumed to have similar activities, WNT5B often exhibits unique expression patterns and functions. Here, we describe the distinct effects and mechanisms of WNT5B on development, bone, adipose tissue, cardiac tissue, the nervous system, the mammary gland, the lung and hematopoietic cells, compared to WNT5A. We also highlight aberrances in non-canonical WNT5B signaling contributing to diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neuropathology, and chronic diseases associated with aging, as well as various cancers.
Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Composite Hydrogels From Tea Residue and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Oxides and Its Potential Applications
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Li Dianxin
Published: May 2021

Hydrogels were prepared from tea cellulose with the addition of single-walled carbon nanotube oxides in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Single-walled carbon nanotube oxides/tea cellulose hydrogels (TCH-SWNTs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, x-ray diffraction, texture profile analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue using the prepared hydrogels was also investigated. The hydrogels exhibited greater thermal stability and intensive textural property with the addition of single-walled carbon nanotube oxides. Compared with undoped TCHs, the weight loss peak moved from 280 to 323°C, and the values of hardness, fracturability, gumminess, and resilience were 8.4, 5.3, 10.8, and 1.9, respectively, times higher than that of TCHs. As an absorbent of methylene blue, TCH-SWNTs accorded to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, good adsorption capacity (13.8 mg/g), and good adsorption ratio (27.59%) and showed potential as a drug carrier.
Synthesis, Antitumor and Antiviral In Vitro Activities of New Benzotriazole-Dicarboxamide Derivatives
Authors: Ibba Roberta , Piras Sandra , Corona Paola , Riu Federico , Loddo Roberta , Delogu Ilenia , Collu Gabriella , Sanna Giuseppina , Caria Paola , Dettori Tinuccia , Carta Antonio
Published: May 2021

Cancer and viral infections continue to threaten humankind causing death worldwide. Hence, the discovery of new anticancer and antiviral agents still represents a major scientific goal. Heterocycles designed to mimic the chemical structure of natural pyrimidines and purines have been designed over the years, exerting their activity acting as false substrates on several different targets. We reported a series of bis-benzotriazole-dicarboxamide derivatives which inhibit viral helicase of poliovirus, and hence we planned structure modifications to obtain different series of new dicarboxamides. Here, the synthesis and characterization of 56 new compounds: 31 bis-benzotriazole dicarboxamides and 25 mono-substituted acidic derivatives are reported. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antiviral and antitumor activity. Mostly, compounds 4a, 4c and 4d showed antiviral activity against tested Picornaviruses, Coxsackievirus B5 and Poliovirus-1. Likewise, four derivatives (3b, 3d, 4d, 9b) showed notable antiproliferative activity inhibiting cell growth in two distinct antitumor screenings. Compound 3b was selected as the antitumor lead compound for the wide range of activity and the potency proved. The lead compound was proved to induce apoptosis in SK-MES1 tumor cells, in a dose-dependent manner.
Downregulation of Endothelial Plexin A4 Under Inflammatory Conditions Impairs Vascular Integrity
Authors: Vreeken Dianne , Bruikman Caroline Suzanne , Stam Wendy , Cox Stefan Martinus Leonardus , Nagy Zsófia , Zhang Huayu , Postma Rudmer Johannes , van Zonneveld Anton Jan , Hovingh Gerard Kornelis , van Gils Janine Maria
Published: May 2021

Objective: Besides hyperlipidemia, inflammation is an important determinant in the initiation and the progression of atherosclerosis. As Neuroimmune Guidance Cues (NGCs) are emerging as regulators of atherosclerosis, we set out to investigate the expression and function of inflammation-regulated NGCs.

Methods and results: NGC expression in human monocytes and endothelial cells was assessed using a publicly available RNA dataset. Next, the mRNA levels of expressed NGCs were analyzed in primary human monocytes and endothelial cells after stimulation with IL1β or TNFα. Upon stimulation a total of 14 and 19 NGCs in monocytes and endothelial cells, respectively, were differentially expressed. Since plexin A4 (PLXNA4) was strongly downregulated in endothelial cells under inflammatory conditions, the role of PLXNA4 in endothelial function was investigated. Knockdown of PLXNA4 in endothelial cells markedly impaired the integrity of the monolayer leading to more elongated cells with an inflammatory phenotype. In addition, these cells showed an increase in actin stress fibers and decreased cell-cell junctions. Functional assays revealed decreased barrier function and capillary network formation of the endothelial cells, while vascular leakage and trans-endothelial migration of monocytes was increased.

Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that pro-inflammatory conditions result in differential expression of NGCs in endothelial cells and monocytes, both culprit cell types in atherosclerosis. Specifically, endothelial PLXNA4 is reduced upon inflammation, while PLXNA4 maintains endothelial barrier function thereby preventing vascular leakage of fluids as well as cells. Taken together, PLXNA4 may well have a causal role in atherogenesis that deserves further investigation.
Atherosclerosis as Mitochondriopathy: Repositioning the Disease to Help Finding New Therapies
Authors: Shemiakova Taisiia , Ivanova Ekaterina , Wu Wei-Kai , Kirichenko Tatiana V. , Starodubova Antonina V. , Orekhov Alexander N.
Published: May 2021

Atherosclerosis is a complex pathology that involves both metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammatory process. During the last decade, a considerable progress was achieved in describing the pathophysiological features of atherosclerosis and developing approaches that target the abnormal lipid metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, early events in the arterial wall that initiate the disease development still remain obscure. Finding effective therapeutic targets in these early processes would allow developing methods for disease prevention and, possibly, atherosclerotic plaque regression. Currently, these early events are being actively studied by several research groups. One of the processes that are being investigated is the development of mitochondrial dysfunction, which was demonstrated to be present in the affected areas of the arterial wall. Detection and characterization of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with several chronic human disorders was made possible by the improved methods of studying mitochondrial biology and detecting mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. It was found to be involved in several key atherogenic processes, such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and intracellular lipid accumulation. Mitochondrial dysfunction can occur in all types of cells involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: monocytes and macrophages, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, and the endothelial cells. However, therapies that would specifically target the mitochondria to correct mitochondrial dysfunction and neutralize the defective organelles are still remain to be developed and characterized. The aim of this review is to outline the prospects for mitochondrial therapy for atherosclerosis. We discuss mechanisms of mitochondria-mediated atherogenic processes, known mitochondria-targeting therapy strategies, and novel mitochondria-targeting drugs in the context of atherosclerosis.
Patterns of Element Incorporation in Calcium Carbonate Biominerals Recapitulate Phylogeny for a Diverse Range of Marine Calcifiers
Authors: Ulrich Robert N. , Guillermic Maxence , Campbell Julia , Hakim Abbas , Han Rachel , Singh Shayleen , Stewart Justin D. , Román-Palacios Cristian , Carroll Hannah M. , De Corte Ilian , Gilmore Rosaleen E. , Doss Whitney , Tripati Aradhna , Ries Justin B. , Eagle Robert A.
Published: May 2021

Elemental ratios in biogenic marine calcium carbonates are widely used in geobiology, environmental science, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. It is generally accepted that the elemental abundance of biogenic marine carbonates reflects a combination of the abundance of that ion in seawater, the physical properties of seawater, the mineralogy of the biomineral, and the pathways and mechanisms of biomineralization. Here we report measurements of a suite of nine elemental ratios (Li/Ca, B/Ca, Na/Ca, Mg/Ca, Zn/Ca, Sr/Ca, Cd/Ca, Ba/Ca, and U/Ca) in 18 species of benthic marine invertebrates spanning a range of biogenic carbonate polymorph mineralogies (low-Mg calcite, high-Mg calcite, aragonite, mixed mineralogy) and of phyla (including Mollusca, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Annelida, Cnidaria, Chlorophyta, and Rhodophyta) cultured at a single temperature (25°C) and a range of pCO2 treatments (ca. 409, 606, 903, and 2856 ppm). This dataset was used to explore various controls over elemental partitioning in biogenic marine carbonates, including species-level and biomineralization-pathway-level controls, the influence of internal pH regulation compared to external pH changes, and biocalcification responses to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry. The dataset also enables exploration of broad scale phylogenetic patterns of elemental partitioning across calcifying species, exhibiting high phylogenetic signals estimated from both uni- and multivariate analyses of the elemental ratio data (univariate: λ = 0–0.889; multivariate: λ = 0.895–0.99). Comparing partial R2 values returned from non-phylogenetic and phylogenetic regression analyses echo the importance of and show that phylogeny explains the elemental ratio data 1.4–59 times better than mineralogy in five out of nine of the elements analyzed. Therefore, the strong associations between biomineral elemental chemistry and species relatedness suggests mechanistic controls over element incorporation rooted in the evolution of biomineralization mechanisms.
Deriving Planform Morphology and Vegetation Coverage From Remote Sensing to Support River Management Applications
Authors: Boothroyd Richard J. , Nones Michael , Guerrero Massimo
Published: May 2021

With the increasing availability of big geospatial data (e.g., multi-spectral satellite imagery) and access to platforms that support multi-temporal analyses (e.g., cloud-based computing, Geographical Information Systems, GIS), the use of remotely sensed information for monitoring riverine hydro-morpho-biodynamics is growing. Opportunities to map, quantify and detect changes in the wider riverscape (i.e., water, sediment and vegetation) at an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution can support flood risk and river management applications. Focusing on a reach of the Po River (Italy), satellite imagery from Landsat 5, 7, and 8 for the period 1988–2018 were analyzed in Google Earth Engine (GEE) to investigate changes in river planform morphology and vegetation dynamics associated with transient hydrology. An improved understanding of these correlations can help in managing sediment transport and riparian vegetation to reduce flood risk, where biogeomorphic processes are commonly overlooked in flood risk mapping. In the study, two established indices were analyzed: the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) for monitoring changes in the wetted river planform morphology, inferring information about sediment dynamics, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for evaluating changes in vegetation coverage. Results suggest that planform changes are highly localized with most parts of the reach remaining stable. Using the wetted channel occurrence as a measure of planform stability, almost two-thirds of the wetted channel extent (total area = 86.4 km2) had an occurrence frequency >90% (indicating stability). A loss of planform complexity coincided with the position of former secondary channels, or zones where the active river channel had narrowed. Time series analysis of vegetation dynamics showed that NDVI maxima were recorded in May/June and coincided with the first peak in the hydrological regime (occurring in late spring and associated with snowmelt). Seasonal variation in vegetation coverage is potentially important for local hydrodynamics, influencing flood risk. We suggest that remotely sensed information can provide river scientists with new insights to support the management of highly anthropized watercourses.
Conservation of a Critically Endangered Endemic Halophyte of West Portugal: A Microcosm Assay to Assess the Potential of Soil Technology for Species Reintroduction
Authors: Cortinhas Ana , Ferreira Teresa Cardoso , Abreu Maria Manuela , Caperta Ana D.
Published: May 2021

The soil system has been frequently overlooked during plant reintroduction planning and practice since working with soils and plant roots can be difficult, particularly in saline environments. Coastal saline environments are major contributors to regional and global biodiversity and an important source of endemic species. However, various species are in decline or considered threatened, particularly halophytes (salt tolerant) due to negative anthropic impacts. The Lusitanian endemic halophyte Limonium daveaui formerly had a large distribution range along the west coast of Portugal but currently it shows a restricted distribution in the Tagus estuary. Field surveys revealed that this critically endangered species forms few local populations with small size invaded by exotic species. In this study, we investigated the potential utilization of Technosols, an innovative sustainable, ecological engineering method combined with brackish water irrigation for potential L. daveaui reintroduction in native habitats. Seed germination percentages were evaluated in different environmental conditions. Through a microcosm assay, a Technosol was constructed using a saline Fluvisol with a mixture of low value inorganic and organic wastes, which were chemically characterized. Plants were cultivated in the Fluvisol and Technosol and irrigated with brackish water collected in the nearby area. To assess plant growth, morphometric parameters and the plants’ physiological status were assessed and the fresh and dry biomass determined. Results showed that seed germination was higher on moist filter paper with distilled water than in Fluvisol or Technosol. Plants grown in Technosol had a greater development, with higher values of photosynthetic indexes and biomass production than in Fluvisol. Our findings provide a basis for future in situ conservation studies and support the idea that eco-friendly soil technology approaches are beneficial to conserve rare halophyte species.
Chaperonin-Containing TCP1 Subunit 6A Is a Prognostic Potential Biomarker That Correlates With the Presence of Immune Infiltrates in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sun Hui , Wang Yan , Jing Hao-Yu , Yang Xin-Yu , Shi Xin-Xiu , Zhang Jia-Hui , Yu Yuan-Xiu , Gao Li , Wang Xin-Yue , Li Wan-Hong , Yu Lei
Published: May 2021

Aims

Chaperonin-containing TCP1 subunit (CCT) 6A is an oncogenic 6th subunit of the CCT family. Nevertheless, not much is documented regarding its function in colorectal cancer (COAD). This investigation seeks to explore the role of CCT6A in the prognosis of COAD.

Main Methods

Sequencing data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) were employed to analyze the expression of CCT6A and its involvement in various regulatory networks behind COAD. Oncomine and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) analyzed Levels of expression and survival rates, while GEPIA was used to uncover further the functional networks that involved CCT6A. Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) tools were used to interpret Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Evaluation of the expression levels of CCT6A in COAD samples was also verified via immunohistochemistry.

Key Findings

We found that the expression of CCT6A is up-regulated in COAD. CCT6A correlated with poor prognosis and decreased immune infiltrates such as CD4+ T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells. CCT6A is increased in COAD patients. CCT6A is associated with several gene networks related to the DDX family and mismatch repair pathways.

Significance

Our data showed that data mining was able to uncover data regarding levels of CCT6A and its involvement in genetic regulating pathways in COAD.
Identification and Validation of a Six Immune-Related Genes Signature for Predicting Prognosis in Patients With Stage II Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Xianzhe , Xie Minghao , Yin Shi , Xiong Zhizhong , Mao Chaobin , Zhang Fengxiang , Chen Huaxian , Jin Longyang , Lan Ping , Lian Lei
Published: May 2021

Background

Immune-related genes (IRGs) play important roles in the tumor immune microenvironment and can affect the prognosis of cancer. This study aimed to construct a novel IRG signature for prognostic evaluation of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods

Gene expression profiles and clinical data for stage II CRC patients were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus database. Univariate, multivariate Cox regression, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to develop the IRG signature, namely IRGCRCII. A nomogram was constructed, and the “Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts” (CIBERSORT) method was used to estimate immune cell infiltration. The expression levels of genes and proteins were validated by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in 30 pairs of primary stage II CRC and matched normal tissues.

Results

A total of 466 patients with stage II CRC were included, and 274 differentially expressed IRGs were identified. Six differentially expressed IRGs were detected and used to construct the IRGCRCII signature, which could significantly stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in terms of disease-free survival in three cohorts: training, test, and external validation (GSE39582). Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that the area under the curves of the IRGCRCII signature were significantly greater than those of the OncotypeDX colon signature at 1 (0.759 vs. 0.623), 3 (0.875 vs. 0.629), and 5 years (0.906 vs. 0.698) disease-free survival, respectively. The nomogram performed well in the concordance index (0.779) and calibration curves. The high-risk group had a significantly higher percentage of infiltrated immune cells (e.g., M2 macrophages, plasma cells, resting mast cells) than the low-risk group. Finally, the results of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments performed on 30 pairs of clinical specimens were consistent with bioinformatics analysis.

Conclusion

This study developed and validated a novel immune prognostic signature based on six differentially expressed IRGs for predicting disease-free survival and immune status in patients with stage II CRC, which may reflect immune dysregulation in the tumor immune microenvironment.