bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enfrentamento de mulheres que vivenciaram o câncer de mama
Authors: Reis Ana Paula Alonso , Panobianco Marislei Sanches , Gradim Clícia Valim Côrtes
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: conhecer as mulheres que recebem o diagnóstico do câncer de mama. Método: Estudo qualitativo que utilizou, como referencial teórico, o Interacionismo Simbólico e como metodológico, a Teoria Fundamentada em Dados. Foram entrevistadas treze mulheres em quimioterapia, de um município mineiro, no mês de janeiro de 2014 e, após a análise, surgiu a teoria “Para vivenciar o câncer de mama é necessário que haja um enfrentamento”. Resultados: a metodologia permitiu a discussão em três categorias para debate da teoria, sendo elas: recebendo a notícia do diagnóstico e da necessidade dos tratamentos; adaptação ao tratamento; experiências anteriores frente à doença. Verificamos que o enfrentamento surgiu, em todas as etapas da doença, como forma de superar os tratamentos e os aspectos sociais que o câncer trás. Conclusão: A teoria construída neste estudo demostra que a mulher que vivencia o câncer de mama utiliza-se de aspectos de resiliência para enfrentar a sociedade, da família para oferecer suporte e de aspectos da experiência de vida. Este estudo contribui para impulsionar mudanças, transformações e inovações, tanto em nível pessoal, como profissional e institucional na assistência a essas mulheres.
Avaliação das condutas de punção e manutenção do cateter intravenoso periférico
Authors: Alves Diego Alcântara , Lucas Thabata Coaglio , Martins Dulce Aparecida , Cristianismo Rayana Santos , Braga Emerson Vinícius De Oliveira , Guedes Helisamara Mota
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: avaliar a equipe de enfermagem quanto às condutas de punção e manutenção do cateter intravenoso periférico. Método: estudo transversal, realizado entre os meses de setembro e dezembro de 2017, em uma instituição filantrópica no interior de Minas Gerais, nas clínicas cirúrgica, pediátrica e maternidade. Utilizou-se o índice de concordância de Kappa, não ponderado, com intervalo de confiança de 95% e nível de significância p
Brasília e a "modernização seletiva": notas sobre uma interpretação da metrópole no presente
Authors: Lima Carlos Henrique Magalhães de , Pescatori Carolina
Published: March 2019

O artigo procura traçar paralelos entre a proposta do térreo livre público, princípio fundamen-tal na concepção urbanística do plano para Brasília, e o termo “modernização seletiva”, pro-posto pelo sociólogo Jessé Souza (2000). Segundo o autor, o processo de modernização brasi-leiro foi seletivo e não promoveu apenas as novas classes sociais que se apropriaram diferen-cialmente dos capitais cultural e econômico daí derivados, resultou também numa classe de indivíduos sem capital de qualquer tipo, desprovidos das precondições sociais, morais e cultu-rais que permitissem sua participação no circuito mínimo da cidadania. Propõe-se observar o termo em relação ao ideário que ensejou a nova capital, baseada em ideias novas e radicais sobre a propriedade da terra, atrelada a princípios de desenho urbano, para refletir sobre as estruturas latentes, arraigadas no passado, que ressoam neste episódio decisivo de urbaniza-ção do país. Para isso, além das proposições teóricas, recorre-se aqui à ideia dos condomínios privados horizontais, uma imagem alusivas que revela os conflitos e contradições que marcam a metrópole no presente, com grande aspecto fundiário e sócio-espacial.. Deve conter no máximo 250 palavras e formar um único parágrafo.
Editorial
Authors: Derntl Maria Fernanda
Published: March 2019

Editorial do Dossiê Brasília
KADIN GİRİŞİMCİLİĞİ VE SOSYAL SERMAYE: NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA - WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND SOCIAL CAPITAL: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: TOPRAKCI ALP Gözde , AKSOY Beyhan
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada sosyal sermaye ve kadın girişimciliği, nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Antalya’da faaliyet gösteren 20 kadın girişimci ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği ile yapılan görüşme verileri içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Kadın girişimcilerin sahip oldukları finansal destekler, sosyal destekler, karşılaştıkları zorluklar ve yaşam memnuniyetleri ile görüşülen kadınların ve toplumun sahip olduğu kadın girişimcilik algısı sosyal sermaye düzeyleri kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda kadınların girişimcilikte başarılı olmanın yollarını nasıl tarif ettikleri açıklanmıştır. Kadın girişimcilerin finansal sermaye temininde genellikle eş, aile veya arkadaş gibi yakın çevre bağlantıları etkili olurken, sivil toplum örgütlerine aktif katılım da kadınların sosyal sermaye düzeylerini güçlendirmektedir.
Classification of Hydration: Two Approaches Using Bioimpedance
Authors: Lukaski Henry , Vega Diaz Nicanor , Talluri Antonio , Nescolarde Lexa
Published: March 2019

Although the need to assess hydration is well recognized, laboratory tests and clinical impressions are impractical and lack sensitivity to be clinically meaningful. Different approaches use bioelectrical impedance measurements to overcome some of these limitations and aid in classification of hydration status. One indirect approach utilizes single or multiple frequency bioimpedance in regression equations and theoretical models, respectively, with anthropometric measurements to predict fluid volumes (bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy; BIS) and estimate fluid overload based on deviation of calculated to reference extracellular fluid volume. Alternatively, bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) uses direct phase-sensitive measurements of resistance and reactance, measured at 50 kHz, normalized for height, then plotted on a bivariate graph, resulting in a vector with length related to fluid content normalized by standing height, and direction with phase angle that indexes hydration status. Comparison with healthy population norms enables BIVA to classify (normal, under- and over-) and rank (change relative to pre-treatment) hydration independent of body weight. Each approach has wide-ranging uses in evaluation and management of clinical groups with overhydration with an evolving emphasis on prognosis. This review discusses the advantages and limitations of BIS and BIVA for hydration assessment with comments on future applications.
Exploring the Trend of New Zealand Housing Prices to Support Sustainable Development
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Mbachu Jasper , Liu Zhansheng
Published: March 2019

The New Zealand housing sector is experiencing rapid growth that boosts the national economy but also results in the loss of valuable resources. In line with the growth, the housing market for both residential and business purposes has been booming, as have house prices. To sustain the housing development, it is critical to accurately monitor and predict housing prices so as to support the decision-making process in housing sector. This study is devoted to applying a mathematical method to predict housing prices. The forecasting performance of two types of models: ARIMA and multiple linear regression analysis are compared. The ARIMA and regression models are developed based on a training-validation sample method. The results show that the ARIMA model generally performs better than the regression model. However, the regression model explores, to some extent, the significant correlations between house prices in New Zealand and the macro-economic conditions.
Morphometry of the Wheat Spike by Analyzing 2D Images
Authors: Genaev Mikhail , Komyshev Evgenii , Smirnov Nikolai , Kruchinina Yuliya , Goncharov Nikolay P. , Afonnikov Dmitry
Published: March 2019

Spike shape and morphometric characteristics are among the key characteristics of cultivated cereals associated with their productivity. Identification of the genes controlling these traits requires morphometric data harvesting and analysis for numerous plants, which is automatable using technologies of digital image analysis.
A method for wheat spike morphometry utilizing 2D image analysis is proposed. Digital images are acquired in two variants: a spike on a table (one projection) or fixed with a clip (four projections). The method identifies spike and awns in the image and estimates their quantitative characteristics (area in image, length, width, circularity, etc.). Models of sections, quadrilaterals, and radial model are proposed for describing spike shape. Parameters of these models are used to predict spike shape type (spelt, normal, or compact) by machine learning.
The mean error in spike density prediction for the images in one projection is 4.61 (~18%) versus 3.33 (~13%) for the parameters obtained using four projections. F1 measure in automated spike classification into three types is 0.78 using logistic regression (one projection) and 0.85 using random forest method (four projections).
The proposed method is implemented in Java; examples of images and user guide are available at http://wheatdb.org/werecognizer.
New Generalized Projection Speeds Up Audio Declipping
Authors: Rajmic Pavel , Záviška Pavel , Veselý Vítězslav , Mokrý Ondřej
Published: March 2019

In theory and applications, it is often inevitable to work with projectors onto convex sets, where a linear transform is involved. In this article, a novel projector is presented, which generalizes previous results in that it admits a broader family of linear transforms, but on the other hand it is limited to box-type convex sets in the transformed domain. The new projector has an explicit formula and it can be interpreted within the framework of proximal optimization. The benefit of the new projector is demonstrated on an example from signal processing, where it was possible to speed up the convergence of a signal declipping algorithm by a factor of more than two.
Efficacy of intranasal dexmedetomidine for removal of inhaled foreign bodies in children by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wu Lan , Bi Yanmei , Ma Yushan , Ni Juan
Published: March 2019

Background: The traditional technique for foreign body removal is rigid bronchoscopy. However, fiberoptic bronchoscopy is becoming more popular for foreign body removal. Compared with rigid bronchoscopy, fiberoptic bronchoscopy is better suited for removing foreign bodies from the distal airways and upper lobe bronchi because of the smaller diameter and greater flexibility of the bronchoscope. Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2 adrenergic agonist, reduces preoperative anxiety, reduces the requirement for general anesthetics, and does not induce respiratory depression. The safety and efficacy of intravenous dexmedetomidine have been confirmed in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Intranasal dexmedetomidine reportedly produce satisfactory sedation in children. We hypothesized that intranasal dexmedetomidine at 1 µg·kg−1 administered 25 minutes before anesthetic induction can reduce the incidence of adverse events during fiberoptic bronchoscopy under sevoflurane inhalation general anesthesia.
Methods: Forty preschool-aged children (6–48 months) with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I or II were randomly allocated to receive either intranasal dexmedetomidine at 1 µg·kg−1 or normal saline at 0.01 ml·kg−1 25 minutes before anesthetic induction. The primary outcome was the incidence of perioperative adverse events. The heart rate, respiratory rate, separation score, tolerance of the anesthetic mask, agitation score, anesthetic induction time, consumption of sevoflurane, and recovery time were also recorded.
Results: The incidence of laryngospasm, breath-holding, and coughing were significantly lower in patients who received intranasal dexmedetomidine than saline (15% vs. 50%, P=0.018; 10% vs. 40%, P=0.028; and 5% vs. 30%, P=0.037, respectively). Patients who received intranasal dexmedetomidine had a lower separation score (P=0.017), more satisfactory tolerance of the anesthetic mask (P=0.027), a significantly shorter anesthetic induction time (5.75±1.4 vs. 7.75±2.5 min, P=0.004), and less consumption of sevoflurane (38.18±14.95 vs. 48.03±14.45 ml, P=0.041). The recovery time was similar in both groups, and the frequency of postoperative agitation was significantly lower in patients who received intranasal dexmedetomidine (P=0.004).
Conclusions: Intranasal dexmedetomidine at 1 µg·kg−1 can reduce the incidence of laryngospasm, breath-holding, and coughing during fiberoptic bronchoscopy for foreign body removal via its sedative and analgesic effects. Moreover, intranasal dexmedetomidine can reduce postoperative agitation without a prolonged recovery time.
Considering Causes for Hypoactive Delirium
Authors: Mulkey Malissa A , Hardin Sonya R , Olson DaiWai M , Munro Cindy L , Everhart Erik
Published: March 2019

Delirium is defined as a mental disorder characterized by an abnormal state of cognition and awareness. Delirium is associated with an annual cost of $350 billion between the United States and Europe. Approximately 80% of delirium cases are either not identified or misdiagnosed. Older adults have the highest incidence due to the consequences of aging. Hypoactive delirium or “quite delirium” is the most common delirium subtype experienced by older adults.

Hypoactive delirium, is difficult to recognize and has worse outcomes than other subtypes. If detected, symptoms of hypoactive delirium are frequently dismissed as depression or dementia. Therefore, nurses need heightened vigilance in assessment and identification of hypoactive delirium. This article seeks to assist nurses in identifying hypoactive delirium by outlining factors that increase an individual’s potential for developing hypoactive delirium.
Menjadi Perempuan Tambak Lorok: Konstruksi Gaya Hidup Perempuan Muslim Pesisir
Authors: Safitri Ririh Megah
Published: March 2019

Identity and existence become a crucial issue lately, both in the factual context even cyberspace (cyber society). In this context lifestyle construction is the main issue to analysis the coastal Muslim women's identity. The study of the lifestyle construction of coastal Muslim women uses qualitative methodo­logies to obtain a comprehensive meaning regarding lifestyle. There are several influential factors in the process of forming individual lifestyles. The first one is the cultural, social and religious background that has been internalized in each individual through cultural values and social norms. The second factor is the environment where individuals live and socialize with the other society. In this context, the physical elements which include geographical, topographic and climate appearance are the main influences on the construction of individual lifestyles related to the adaptation process. Another influential factor is the media that the content is a lifestyle preference. Based on these factors, this study will focus on three points, there is the perception of coastal women on lifestyle, factors that influence the process of lifestyle construction and the meaning of coastal Muslim women’s lifestyle. There are three conclusions in this study regarding the hidden goals in consumption activities refer to saving material, representation of social status through lifestyle and indicators of self-existence.
Water pollution by nitrates from the agricultural industry
Authors: Webber L.R. , Elrick D.E.
Published: March 2019

The principal sources of nitrogen in water are domestic sewage, garbage, industrial wastes, and the agricultural industry - animal wastes, nitrogenous fertilizers, and products from the decomposition of plant material in soil. The contribution from precipitation and atmospheric sediments is about 1.0 ppm or 5.8 lb/acre/year at Hamilton (15).

In this paper, we present results of our current research on the transport of nitrogen compounds by water in a porous medium. During this transfer, chemical and microbiological reactions take place that determine the concentration and distribution of nitrogen in a soil profile at a given time. Data are presented that indicate the levels of NO3--N in ground waters from several sources as well as a discussion of possible sources of nitrate contamination.
MECHANISMS OF STRUCTURAL REFORMING OF CHINA’ ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRADE CONFLICT WITH THE USA
Authors: Smirnov Evgeniy N.
Published: March 2019

The world economy recovers from global financial crisis slowly and unevenly that calls a question about efficiency and advantage of economic globalization for the countries of the world. Developing countries recovered from global financial crisis of 2008–2009 comparative quickly, and it was promoted in many respects by the high prices of raw materials and low levels of debt of these countries. NowChinatakes leader positions in the international capital flow and world trade. Globalization had significant effect on scales of the involvement of the country into world economic communications that became one of the reasons of overheating of national economy. The economy ofChina, besides the increasing overheating potential, begins to be under pressure from the trade conflict initiated by theUSA. In these conditions problems of structural reforming ofChina’ economy, on that depend competitive positions of the country in the world economy depend, become aggravated. In modern Sinology, the problems of trade conflicts between countries are studied very fragmentally. Approaches of the author are based on the results previously obtained by Russian scientists Y. M. Galenovich, A. P. Mozias, M. L. Titarenko, and theoretical developments of leading research centers. Historical approach, comparative, system analysis and synthesis, prognostic and problem analysis were used as instrumental scientific methods in the research presented in the article. The author's ideas are based on the hypothesis of the relationship of «overheating», appearing in the economies with the growth of economic contradictions and conflicts between them.
One-pot of Three-component Synthesis of Novel Biologically Important 5-Amino-1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles Using L-Proline Catalyst and their Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Heravi Mohammad Reza Poor , Danafar Mahdis , Heravi Niloofar Poor
Published: March 2019

An expeditious three-component synthesis of various biologically important heterocyclic compounds 5-amino-1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitriles by condensation of aryl aldehydes, malononitrile and phenylhydrazine derivatives is described. This greener protocol was catalyzed by L-Proline and proceeded efficiently in solvent at room temperature within 2-15 min.
Prediction of Protein Ubiquitination Sites in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Chen Jiajing , Zhao Jianan , Yang Shiping , Chen Zhen , Zhang Ziding
Published: March 2019

Background:

As one of the most important reversible protein post-translation modification
types, ubiquitination plays a significant role in the regulation of many biological processes,
such as cell division, signal transduction, apoptosis and immune response. Protein ubiquitination
usually occurs when ubiquitin molecule is attached to a lysine on a target protein, which is also
known as “lysine ubiquitination”.

Objective:

In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination-related biological
processes, the crucial first step is the identification of ubiquitination sites. However, conventional
experimental methods in detecting ubiquitination sites are often time-consuming and a large number
of ubiquitination sites remain unidentified. In this study, a ubiquitination site prediction method
for Arabidopsis thaliana was developed using a Support Vector Machine (SVM).

Methods:

We collected 3009 experimentally validated ubiquitination sites on 1607 proteins in A.
thaliana to construct the training set. Three feature encoding schemes were used to characterize
the sequence patterns around ubiquitination sites, including AAC, Binary and CKSAAP. The maximum
Relevance and Minimum Redundancy (mRMR) feature selection method was employed to
reduce the dimensionality of input features. Five-fold cross-validation and independent tests were
used to evaluate the performance of the established models.

Results:

As a result, the combination of AAC and CKSAAP encoding schemes yielded the
best performance with the accuracy and AUC of 81.35% and 0.868 in the independent test.
We also generated an online predictor termed as AraUbiSite, which is freely accessible at:
http://systbio.cau.edu.cn/araubisite.

Conclusion:

We developed a well-performed prediction tool for large-scale ubiquitination site
identification in A. thaliana. It is hoped that the current work will speed up the process of identification
of ubiquitination sites in A. thaliana and help to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms
of ubiquitination in plants.
A Novel Approach for Sentiment Analysis Using Deep Recurrent Networks and Sequence Modeling
Authors: Baddur Rajalaxmi P. , Shedole Seema
Published: March 2019

Background:

Due to the increasing growth of social websites, a lot of user-generated
data is available these days in the form of customer reviews, opinions, and comments.

Objective:

Sentiment analysis includes analyzing the user reviews and finding the overall opinions
from the reviews in terms of positive, negative and neutral categories. Sentiment analysis techniques
can be used to assign a piece of text a single value that represents opinion expressed in that text.
Sentiment analysis using lexicon approaches is already studied.

Methods:

A new approach to sentiment analysis using deep neural networks techniques is proposed.
Deep neural networks using Sequence to sequence model is studied in this paper. The main objective
of this paper is to identify the sequence of relationships among the words in the reviews. Customer
reviews are taken from Amazon and sentiment analysis is done using the word embedding method.

Results:

The results obtained by the proposed method are compared with the baseline algorithms
such as Naïve, and logistic regression.

Conclusion:

Confusion Matrix along with receiver operating characteristics and area under the
curve is analyzed. The accuracy of the proposed methodology is compared with other algorithms.
Simulator Pre-Screening of Underprepared Drivers Prior to Licensing On-Road Examination: Clustering of Virtual Driving Test Time Series Data (Preprint)
Authors: Grethlein David , Winston Flaura Koplin , Walshe Elizabeth , Tanner Sean , Kandadai Venk , Ontañón Santiago
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

A large Midwestern state commissioned a virtual driving test (VDT) to assess driving skills preparedness before the on-road examination (ORE). Since July 2017, a pilot deployment of the VDT in state licensing centers (VDT pilot) has collected both VDT and ORE data from new license applicants with the aim of creating a scoring algorithm that could predict those who were underprepared.

OBJECTIVE

Leveraging data collected from the VDT pilot, this study aimed to develop and conduct an initial evaluation of a novel machine learning (ML)–based classifier using limited domain knowledge and minimal feature engineering to reliably predict applicant pass/fail on the ORE. Such methods, if proven useful, could be applicable to the classification of other time series data collected within medical and other settings.

METHODS

We analyzed an initial dataset that comprised 4308 drivers who completed both the VDT and the ORE, in which 1096 (25.4%) drivers went on to fail the ORE. We studied 2 different approaches to constructing feature sets to use as input to ML algorithms: the standard method of reducing the time series data to a set of manually defined variables that summarize driving behavior and a novel approach using time series clustering. We then fed these representations into different ML algorithms to compare their ability to predict a driver’s ORE outcome (pass/fail).

RESULTS

The new method using time series clustering performed similarly compared with the standard method in terms of overall accuracy for predicting pass or fail outcome (76.1% vs 76.2%) and area under the curve (0.656 vs 0.682). However, the time series clustering slightly outperformed the standard method in differentially predicting failure on the ORE. The novel clustering method yielded a risk ratio for failure of 3.07 (95% CI 2.75-3.43), whereas the standard variables method yielded a risk ratio for failure of 2.68 (95% CI 2.41-2.99). In addition, the time series clustering method with logistic regression produced the lowest ratio of false alarms (those who were predicted to fail but went on to pass the ORE; 27.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results provide initial evidence that the clustering method is useful for feature construction in classification tasks involving time series data when resources are limited to create multiple, domain-relevant variables.
Функциональные расстройства пищеварительного тракта у детей: некоторые аспекты коррекции
Authors: Krivusha E.L. , Petrenko L.L.
Published: March 2019

В статье представлены основные патогенетические особенности развития функциональных расстройств пищеварительного тракта у детей раннего возраста, а также критерии диагностики. Дана общая характеристика наиболее изученного в мире пробиотического штамма Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, а также представлены доказательства положительного влияния бактерии на макроорганизм. Описаны фармацевтические особенности нового пробиотика на рынке Украины — Актив Флора беби.
Вплив місця проживання й гендерних ознак на розвиток розсіяного склерозу на прикладі жителів Львівської області
Authors: Boichuk M.O.
Published: March 2019

У статті наведено результати аналізу гендерних характеристик і розподілу за місцем проживання (місто чи село) у жителів Львівської області, хворих на розсіяний склероз (РС), які перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні у відділенні неврології Львівської обласної клінічної лікарні (ЛОКЛ) за період з 2012 по 2016 рік. Дослідження проведено шляхом ретроспективного аналізу 1512 медичних карт стаціонарного хворого (ф. № 003/о) пацієнтів з РС, які стаціонарно лікувалися з приводу цього захворювання у відділенні неврології ЛОКЛ протягом досліджуваного періоду. Статистична обробка матеріалів проводилась за допомогою комп’ютерної програми Statistica 10.0. Для перевірки нормальності розподілу кількісних даних вибірок із числом спостережень до 100 одиниць ми застосовували критерії Колмогорова — Смірнова, Лілієфорда та Шапіро — Уїлка. Враховуючи обмеженість кожного з критеріїв, не вважали досліджуваний розподіл нормальним, якщо хоча б один із цих критеріїв був вірогідним (p < 0,05). Для встановлення наявності кореляційних залежностей між показниками двох вибірок обчислювали непараметричний коефіцієнт кореляції Кендалла тау (τ) і його похибку (mτ). Визначення чинників, що обумовлюють тривалість одного випадку стаціонарного лікування, виконували за допомогою методу множинної регресії. Залежною змінною величиною (y) у рівняннях множинної регресії була тривалість одного випадку стаціонарного лікування, а незалежними змінними (х) — відповідні показники віку (у роках) та статі (чоловіки — 1, жінки — 2) госпіталізованих. За період 2012–2016 рр. у відділенні неврології ЛОКЛ лікувались 1206 жителів Львівської області, хворих на РС. Кількість випадків госпіталізації хворих на РС коливалась від 262 у 2012 році до 340 у 2016 році. Кількість госпіталізованих із приводу РС жінок у 2,1 раза перевищувала кількість госпіталізованих чоловіків (814 проти 392). Серед усіх 1206 госпіталізованих із приводу РС протягом 2012–2016 рр. 52,57 % осіб проживали в містах, а 47,43 % — у сільській місцевості Львівської області. За період 2012–2016 рр. хворі на РС, які лікувались у неврологічному відділенні ЛОКЛ, сумарно провели в стаціонарі 14961 ліжко-день, з яких 4967 (33,20 %) припадало на чоловіків, а 9994 (66,80 %) — на жінок. Хворі на РС у середньому перебували на стаціонарному лікуванні у відділенні 9,89 ± 0,13 календарного дня. Завдяки оптимізації лікувального процесу у відділенні вдалось вірогідно знизити середню тривалість одного випадку стаціонарного лікування з приводу РС як серед хворих обох статей (τ = –0,80, р < 0,05), так і окремо серед чоловіків (τ = –0,80, р < 0,05) і жінок (τ = –0,80, р < 0,05). Так, з 2012 по 2016 рр. середня тривалість одного випадку стаціонарного лікування з приводу РС вірогідно знизилась у госпіталізованих обох статей на 23,39 % (з 11,63 ± 0,38 дня до 8,90 ± 0,23 дня, р < 0,001).
CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE AS A DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR POLYPHENOLS FROM MENIRAN EXTRACT (PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI L.): FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION, AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY
Authors: PRATIWI GALIH , MARTIEN RONNY , MURWANTI RETNO
Published: March 2019

Objective: This study aims to formulate meniran extract into polymeric nanoparticles. Better stability of active substances in formulas compared to unformulated extracts is expected to increase immunomodulatory activity.
Methods: Nanoparticles were formulated using ionic gelation method with chitosan and tripolyphosphate polymers. Optimize the mixture of nanoparticles using simplex lattice design (SLD) with the help of Design-Expert (DX) software. Evaluation of particle size and potential zeta using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Interactions between components were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and morphology of the lyophilization results observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immunomodulatory tests using the latex assay method. The parameters tested included phagocytosis index, phagocytic activity, and nitric oxide secretion.
Results: The optimum mixture of the formulation process was obtained in the composition of chitosan 0.270 %, extract 0.626 %, and tripolyphosphate 0.074 % with desirability value of 0.841. Optimal response with particle size 434.7±3.90 d. nm, polydispersity index 0.285±0.03 and entrapment efficiency 62.98±0.65 %. The zeta potential value in the optimum formula is 11.9±0.1 mV with a positive charge. Phagocytosis index and phagocytic activity of nanoparticles differed significantly (p<0.05) compared with unformulated extracts.
Conclusion: Meniran extract was successfully formulated into polymeric nanoparticles using chitosan-tripolyphosphate polymer. The developed nanoparticles have the immunomodulatory activity that is better than unformulated extract.
TRANSDERMAL OF ATENOLOL VIA MICROEMULSIONS
Authors: TALHOUNI AHMAD AJWAD , ALKRAD JAMAL ALYOUSSEF , AL-DABBAGH MANAF MOHAMMED , ABAZID HUSAM , HUSSEIN-AL-ALI SAMER HASAN
Published: March 2019

Objective: Developing novel non-ionic microemulsions (MEs) for transdermal of atenolol as satisfactory alternative drug delivery systems for the oral route.

Methods: Seven MEs were developed then checked for encapsulation of atenolol using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-spectroscopy) (), isotropy, droplet sizes, rheological properties and transdermal flux using Franz diffusion cell. Furthermore, two MEs with best flux values were selected for bioavailability evaluation after transdermal application over rat’s skin.

Results: The results showed that the MEs complies with colloidal systems properties. Also, the developed MEs were stable throughout the study, ideal viscous systems with droplet sizes below 500 nm and isotropic. Besides, FTIR-spectra could reveal the structure of the MEs and encapsulation of atenolol inside the dispersed phase. Moreover, the flux values of atenolol in MEs through rat’s skin varied with different factors such as atenolol concentration, MEs’s composition, and zetapotential. The highest flux value of the developed systems was 243.5±16.3 µg. cm-2. h-1. Furthermore, the in vivo results showed that using the two tested microemulsions maximum plasma levels of atenolol 5.22±0.43 and 4.06±0.15 mg. ml-1at 8.18 and 3.64 h respectively could be achieved.

Conclusion: The developed microemulsions can be promise formulations for transdermal administration of atenolol as alternative for oral tablets.
CLINICAL APPLICATION OF DRIED BLOOD SPOT FOR MONITORING STUDIES OF TAMOXIFEN, ENDOXIFEN, AND 4-HYDROXYTAMOXIFEN IN BREAST CANCER PATIENT USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: HARAHAP YAHDIANA , MAGGADANI BAITHA PALANGGATAN , SITORUS TESANIKA RIBKA JOULIN , MULYADI CALLISTA ANDINIE , PURWANTO DENNI JOKO
Published: March 2019

Objective: To determine tamoxifen (TAM) and its metabolites, endoxifen (END) and 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-HT) in patients' DBS simultaneously for monitoring studies purposes.

Methods: The UPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated with clomiphene as the internal standard. Optimization was done by evaluating several parameters that affect the efficiency of DBS preparation and analysis of TAM and its metabolites.

Results: Sample preparation was performed by protein precipitation using methanol. The separation was performed on UPLC Class BEH C18 using formic acid 0.1%-formic acid 0.1% in acetonitrile (35:65) as the mobile phase in isocratic mode at 0.25 ml/minute. The mass detection was performed on Waters Xevo TQD using ESI+for TAM, END, 4-HT, and clomiphene as internal standard with m/z value: 372.2>72.27; 374.29>58.2; 388.29>72.19; dan 406.28>100.17 respectively. This method was linear within the range of 5-200 ng/ml for TAM; 1-40 ng/ml for END; and 0.5-20 ng/ml for 4-HT with r value of ≥0.9983; ≥0.9964; and ≥0.9981. %diff and %CV of the assay were within 15% and within 20% for LLOQ. The method was applied to 29 breast cancer patients, where the results lied between 30.29 and 188.63 ng/ml for tamoxifen, 1.45 and 28.77 ng/ml for endoxifen, 0.21 and 11.28 ng/ml for 4-hydroxytamoxifen.

Conclusion: This method has successfully fulfilled validation requirement referring to 2011 EMA and 2013 FDA guidelines. The method was successfully applied to determine TAM, END, and 4-HT in DBS of breast cancer ER+patients. TAM and its metabolites level in patients were showed high variability with END concentration of 2 patients below the clinical threshold.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF IBUPROFEN CONTROLLED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS USING ITS SOLID DISPERSION
Authors: MANNA SREEJAN , KOLLABATHULA JYOSHNA
Published: March 2019

Objective: The aim of the present work was to prepare solid dispersion of ibuprofen with PEG 6000 to increase the aqueous solubility of the drug and to develop the solid dispersed ibuprofen into tablet formulation with the combination of a hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer to attain controlled release of ibuprofen.

Methods: Solid dispersion of ibuprofen was prepared by melting-solvent method by varying the ratio of drug and PEG 6000. The solid dispersed ibuprofen was subjected to tablet formulation by using a hydrophilic swellable polymer-carbopol and hydrophobic non-swellable polymer-ethyl cellulose. The release of the drug from the polymer matrix was studied as the polymer ratio changes.

Results: Compatibility between drug and polymers was established from FT-IR study. The saturated solubility was found to increase in the solid dispersed formulation. The swelling index was found within the range of 90±5.43 to 137±6.41. SEM image of swollen tablet confirmed the presence of irregular and porous surface. The cumulative drug release was found to vary within the range of 68.76±3.04 to 95.33±2.34 % after 8 h of dissolution.

Conclusion: The combination of solid dispersion and application of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers in matrix formation can facilitate better dissolution and absorption profile with greater patient compliance.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CHITOSAN-POLYPYRROLE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE OF ANTICANCER DRUG DOXORUBICIN
Authors: BEHERA DILLIP KUMAR , MISHRA KAMPAL
Published: March 2019

Objective: The purpose of the present study was a characterization of chitosan (CS)-polypyrrole (PPY) nanocomposites for controlled release of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX).

Methods: Chitosan crosslink with PPY with montmorillonite (MMT) called as (CS-PPY/MMT) were formulated using the solvent casting method. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), tensile strength, scanning electronic microscope (SEM).

Results: The XRD result confirmed that the CS-PPY/MMT possessed crystal structure. The nanocomposites CS-PPY/MMT-4 were showed a homogenous morphology. The Water uptake and swelling ratio of the CS-PPY and CS-PPY/MMT were found to decrease with increase in the concentration of clay. Mechanical properties of the CS-PPY and CS-PPY/MMT were assessed in terms of tensile strength and extensibility using texture analyzer. Increase in tensile strength and reduction in extensibility was reported with an increase in the nanoclay content. In vitro drug release study on CS-PPY and CS-PPY/MMT indicated pronounced sustained release of doxorubicin by the incorporation of clay particles in CS-PPY/MMT. It was observed that during the first 60 min of the dissolution study, the CS-PPY/MMT-4 film showed just 79.32±0.56% drug release as while the CS-PPY-1, CS-PPY/MMT-2 and CS-PPY/MMT-3 films showed a release of 53.79±1.23%, 63.51±1.24% and 68.15±2.38% respectively.

Conclusion: CS-PPY/MMT nanocomposite films exhibited improved mechanical and sustained drug release properties than CS-PPY. The combination of biodegradable polymeric chains and clay reinforcement can be applied to achieve the desired combination of properties of materials used as a biosensor for diverse biomedical applications.
EFFECT OF MENTHOL ON THE TRANSDERMAL PERMEATION OF ACECLOFENAC FROM MICROEMULSION FORMULATION
Authors: Ahmed Abdul Baquee , Das Gouranga
Published: March 2019

Objective: The aim of this investigation was to enhance the transdermal permeation of aceclofenac (ACF) from microemulsion formulation using menthol as a natural permeation enhancer.

Methods: Microemulsion containing 2% w/v of ACF was prepared by a titration method with different concentration of oil, surfactant and co-surfactant. The prepared microemulsion was evaluated for droplet size, viscosity, pH and in vitro skin permeation studies. Menthol at 3-8% w/w was added to the selected microemulsion formulation and their effect on skin permeation was evaluated across rat epidermis using modified Keshary-Chien diffusion cell. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was performed to understand the regulation action of menthol in the skin permeability barrier.

Results: The average droplet size of the microemulsion was found to be 89.4±2.12 to 175.2±3.10 nm. The transdermal flux of the microemulsion containing 8% w/w menthol showed 2.9 fold increases in transdermal flux of ACF compared with the formulation without menthol. Result of FT-IR studies showed decrease in peak height of the symmetric and asymmetric C-H stretching vibrations may be because of the extraction of the stratum corneum (SC) lipids and the alteration of the skin permeability barrier.

Conclusion: This result suggests that menthol significantly enhanced the transdermal permeation of ACF and may be an effective natural penetration enhancer for transdermal delivery of the drug.
IMPACT OF HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE (HPMC) TYPE AND CONCENTRATION ON THE SWELLING AND RELEASE PROPERTIES OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE MATRIX TABLETS USNING A SIMPLEX CENTROID DESIGN
Authors: KRAISIT PAKORN
Published: March 2019

Objective: To prepare hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrix tablets of propranolol hydrochloride (PNL) using a simplex centroid design.

Methods: HPMC matrix tablets with different amounts and types of HPMC were prepared by direct compression. A simplex centroid design was used to evaluate tablet weight (Y1), thickness (Y2), hardness (Y3), axial swelling time at 0.5–12 h (Y4-Y9), radial swelling time at 0.5–12 h (Y10-Y15), and % released at 1–12 h (Y16-Y19).

Results: The tablet weight, thickness, and hardness were 397.6–400.4 mg, 3.967–4.029 mm, and 106.9–139.0 N, respectively. The % swelling (axial) and % swelling (radial) at 0.5–12 h were-8.715 to 59.889 and-1.887 to 49.287, respectively. The negative % swelling could be attributed to erosion of the tablets. The in vitro release of PNL from the tablets in buffer solution pH 1.2 (1 h) and pH 7.5 (3–12 h) was 21.12–76.22%. Tables with a high proportion of K100M HPMC had high PNL release, and the mechanism of PNL release was diffusion-and erosion-controlled.

Conclusion: The simplex centroid design is potentially advantageous for formulating PNL-HPMC matrix tablets.
RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF NON-INVASIVE INSULIN DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Authors: AL-TABAKHA MOAWIA M. , MUBARA SALWA SAMI , AZEEZ BALSAM SAAD
Published: March 2019

Non-invasive insulin delivery systems have been of global interest. The goal of many studies was to optimize suitable delivery formulation capable of producing comparable insulin bioavailability and safety that match or supersedes conventional delivery by the invasive subcutaneous (SC) injections. Historically, Pfizer marketed the first insulin inhaler Exubera® in 2006 which was later retracted from the market before completing the two years. In recent years, Afrezza®, a new inhalator, and Oral-Lyn™, a buccal spray, have been introduced to the market. While Afrezza® lost the marketing and distribution support from Sanofi, Oral-Lyn™ have not secured US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) marketing approval yet. Different technologies to improve insulin’s permeation and absorption through different routes are in the pipelines. This review discusses several non-invasive strategies that have been appropriately tested and duly approved by the FDA. Other delivery systems are in different phases of development, ranging from in vitro studies to phase 3 clinical trials, providing indications towards the prospects of next-generation delivery systems. This review covers studies published in the past 10 y using Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed and Google scholar databases. The outcomes of this review indicate that the door is still open for more innovative, efficient and convenient non-invasive insulin delivery systems than currently available which may take several years before we can see a game changer in the market.
Una perspectiva de la innovación tecnológica en Latinoamérica
Authors: Uribe Gómez Julián Alberto
Published: March 2019

La ciencia, la tecnología y en especial su producto derivado, la innovación, es uno de los factores importantes para el desarrollo económico y social de un país; sin embargo, existen requerimientos fundamentales a tener en cuenta para que la innovación pueda emerger, estos son, por ejemplo: la cooperación entre actores del sistema de innovación, talento humano existente y capacitado, la política pública, el desarrollo empresarial, las alianzas público-privadas, entre otros. No obstante, es por estas múltiples combinaciones entre dichas variables que el surgimiento de la innovación es un escenario complejo de trabajar, estudiar y de predecir. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal es conocer y comparar el estado de la innovación presente en los diferentes países de América Latina; para esto se hizo una descripción de los conceptos fundamentales sobre esta temática, se revisaron fuentes de información secundarias estructuradas contenidas en directorios académicos y fuentes primarias y se analizaron los datos obtenidos de dichas fuentes, teniendo en cuenta las variables más relevantes.
Responsabilidad del agente moral en el uso de la tecnología y los eventuales pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales en Colombia frente al daño ambiental
Authors: Majín Grajales Héctor Fabio
Published: March 2019

Este artículo de revisión tiene como objetivo analizar la responsabilidad moral en relación con el daño ambiental, generado por el uso de los recursos tecnológicos durante el desarrollo del conflicto armado colombiano. Para ello, en primer lugar, se configuraron y describieron los conceptos correlacionados al principio de la autonomía, la voluntad y la moral, desde el precepto de la responsabilidad del agente moral a través de los elementos teóricos kantianos. Posteriormente, se determinó la función del agente moral derivado de la agencia, teniendo como propósito la determinación de los elementos conceptuales definitorios, para la comprensión e interpretación de los orígenes del agente moral como elemento influyente y dinamizador de la problemática expuesta. Por último, se procedió a realizar una comparación de los criterios existentes entre la responsabilidad del agente moral y los pronunciamientos jurisprudenciales de Colombia referentes al daño ambiental, con el objetivo de identificar los elementos jurídicos que convierten al agente moral en un responsable social de la alteración de los diferentes ecosistemas y entornos ambientales. Para consolidar el fin propuesto, se desarrolló un marco metodológico de enfoque cualitativo, cuya herramienta de investigación yacía en la acción funcional de la revisión comparativa de la literatura disponible. Finalmente, los resultados obtenidos: definición, descripción y análisis de la situación problémica, estaban articulados a la objetividad general propuesta por el investigador.
Agendas noticiosas, circularidad de saberes, riesgos y desastres ambientales: una apuesta transdisciplinaria
Authors: Hermelin Daniel
Published: March 2019

Los medios de comunicación proponen permanentemente agendas y marcos de interpretación a los públicos, a la vez que reflejan su contexto sociocultural. Esto se observa en los medios tradicionales y en los entornos comunicativos emergentes. Cada vez, los medios intentan mostrar de manera más notoria la participación de sus usuarios, en especial con sus huellas digitales, e incluso invitan a la co-producción y la co-creación (Scolari, 2009; Bonilla et al, 2012). Es decir, la relación medios de comunicación y públicos siempre ha sido intrincada, y esto, progresivamente, cobra más fuerza; allí las normativas estatales e internacionales tienen un rol esencial, si bien suelen estar a la zaga de las derivas de dicha relación (Castells, 2009). Es claro, pues, que hay una enorme responsabilidad por parte de los medios en la construcción de las agendas; responsabilidad que también les atañe a las autoridades que los regulan y a los ciudadanos que los usan.
O CURRÍCULO NO CENTRO DA LUTA: contribuições de Michael Apple para a compreensão da realidade escolar
Authors: E  Nogueira Marlice De Oliveira
Published: March 2019

O texto tem como tema central o estudo dos pressupostos teóricos de Michael Apple sobre o currículo como um campo de luta, apresentando-os a partir de uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade de uma compreensão mais ampla da realidade escolar a partir dos conceitos desenvolvidos pelo sociólogo no campo dos estudos curriculares. A visão crítica de Michael Apple sobre a escola e o currículo como espaços de luta e contestação, ainda são, em tempos “pós-modernos”, importantes para uma análise em profundidade da escola que temos hoje.
AS PERSPECTIVAS DE INTEGRAÇÃO NO CURRÍCULO DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL INTEGRADA À EJA
Authors: Sales Márcia Castilho , Reis Renato Hilário
Published: March 2019

O trabalho do estado do conhecimento apresentado teve como base a pesquisa realizada em trabalhos acadêmicos sobre a construção do currículo integrado na oferta do PROEJA. Esses trabalhos acadêmicos foram pesquisados no Repositório OASIS-BR, e, em artigos de Coleções do PROEJA, oferecidas por Universidades Federais que desenvolviam o curso de especialização na área. Foram selecionados os trabalhos de conclusão de curso na perspectiva de construção de cursos técnicos integrados à modalidade de Jovens e Adultos. A partir da análise da base material encontrada, verificamos que a concepção de integração do grupo responsável por elaborar o curso técnico, como a concepção de integração dos gestores e professores da instituição, se materializa num currículo integrado com formas e naturezas diferentes. Sobre essas diferentes perspectivas de integração é que vamos nos debruçar, apresentando a integração a partir do itinerário formativo.
Origen y significado de ciertas palabras
Authors: Crespo Juan José Alba
Published: March 2019

Las palabras, en cuanto vehículo de las ideas, requieren conocer su significado originario, es decir su etimología. El análisis pertinente se refiere a una serie de palabras usuales en el lenguaje común y en el jurídico, tales como hombre, persona, nacer, legítimo, tutela, testamento, muerte, etc., que pueden ser de utilidad a los que comienzan los estudios jurídicos y, especialmente, el del derecho romano.Palabras clave: Homo, vir, persona, nacer, agnatus, cognatus, affinis, nomen, familia, infantia, tutela, testamento, herencia.