bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nox3-Derived Superoxide in Cochleae Induces Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Mohri Hiroaki , Ninoyu Yuzuru , Sakaguchi Hirofumi , Hirano Shigeru , Saito Naoaki , Ueyama Takehiko
Published: April 2021

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by NADPH oxidases (Nox) contribute to the development of different types of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), a common impairment in humans with no established treatment. Although the essential role of Nox3 in otoconia biosynthesis and its possible involvement in hearing have been reported in rodents, immunohistological methods targeted at detecting Nox3 expression in inner ear cells reveal ambiguous results. Therefore, the mechanism underlying Nox3-dependent SNHL remains unclear and warrants further investigation. We generatedNox3-Creknock-in mice, in which Nox3 was replaced withCre recombinase(Cre). UsingNox3-Cre;tdTomatomice of either sex, in which tdTomato is expressed under the control of theNox3promoter, we determined Nox3-expressing regions and cell types in the inner ear. Nox3-expressing cells in the cochlea included various types of supporting cells, outer hair cells, inner hair cells, and spiral ganglion neurons. Nox3 expression increased with cisplatin, age, and noise insults. Moreover, increased Nox3 expression in supporting cells and outer hair cells, especially at the basal turn of the cochlea, played essential roles in ROS-related SNHL. The extent of Nox3 involvement in SNHL follows the following order: cisplatin-induced hearing loss > age-related hearing loss > noise-induced hearing loss. Here, on the basis ofNox3-Cre;tdTomato, which can be used as a reporter system (Nox3-Cre+/−;tdTomato+/+andNox3-Cre+/+;tdTomato+/+), andNox3-KO (Nox3-Cre+/+;tdTomato+/+) mice, we demonstrate that Nox3 inhibition in the cochlea is a promising strategy for ROS-related SNHL, such as cisplatin-induced HL, age-related HL, and noise-induced HL.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe found Nox3-expressing regions and cell types in the inner ear, especially in the cochlea, usingNox3-Cre;tdTomatomice, a reporter system generated in this study. Nox3 expression increased with cisplatin, age, and noise insults in specific cell types in the cochlea and resulted in the loss (apoptosis) of outer hair cells. Thus, Nox3 might serve as a molecular target for the development of therapeutics for sensorineural hearing loss, particularly cisplatin-induced, age-related, and noise-induced hearing loss.
Development of an exoskeleton for the rehabilitation of the flexo-extensor movement of the elbow
Authors: Diaz Suárez Ricardo Andres , Moreno Moreno Leidy Tatiana , Sanjuan Vargas Marlon Andres , Prada Garcia Carlos Alberto , Torres Luis Dalmiro
Published: April 2021

In this research work, the development of an electro-mechanical device for the rehabilitation of the flexor-extensor movement of the elbow with rehabilitative potential is presented. For the development of this prototype, an elbow joint was designed and built which allows movements from 0 ° to 120 °. The design of the gear system was carried out using Solid Edge software from a previous selection of the step motor that offered enough torque to achieve flexion and extension of the elbow, then for the construction of this system a 3D printing was used in PLA. This system was coupled to a hinged arm stabilizer system. The prototype is operated from a software application on Android using the IDE MITapp inventor, which sends the desired angulation to an Arduino device which implements a digital control system. To improve the perception of exoskeleton therapy, a telerehabilitation software application was developed using IDE processing and a Kinect body recognition device, which guides the patient in an interactive therapy where they perform the rehabilitation of flexion and extension movement by guiding a virtual object from one angle to another.
Digital Marketing
Authors: Lasarov Wassili
Published: April 2021

In Forschung und Praxis etablierte sich in den vergangenen Jahren der Begriff Digital Marketing. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den Einsatz von digitalen Technologien in Geschäftsprozessen und die Verbreitung des Digital Marketing in Unternehmen. Überdies wird aus Verbrauchersicht diskutiert, wie sich das Konsumentenverhalten durch digitale Technologien verändert. Daraus werden Potentiale für zukünftige Forschung abgeleitet.
Plädoyer für einen Tarif auf Rädern bei Steuern auf spezielle Güter
Authors: Broer Michael
Published: April 2021

Demeritorische Güter werden besteuert, damit der Preis steigt und die Nachfrage sinkt (Sündensteuern). Diese Steuern auf spezielle Güter (z.B. Mineralölsteuer) besitzen Steuerbetragstarife (z.B. 0,5 €/l). Durch die Inflation ergeben sich reale Entlastungen bei den privaten Haushalten (sog. kalte Regression), wenn der Steuerbetrag nicht verändert wird. Wenn die Regierung die Steuerbeträge entsprechend der Inflationsrate anpassen würde, könnte der Konsum demeritorischer Güter gemindert und je nach Preiselastizität der Nachfrage das Steueraufkommen erhöht werden.
Technologische Revolution und Roboterökonomie - Ein Schreckgespenst?
Authors: Flemmig Jörg
Published: April 2021

Die technologische Entwicklung der letzten 200 Jahre hat zu jeder Zeit Befürchtungen dahingehend ausgelöst, dass mit dem technischen Fortschritt auch eine hohe Arbeitslosigkeit und Verarmung ganzer Bevölkerungsschichten verbunden sein kann. In dem folgenden Überblick werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der neueren wissenschaftlichen Diskussion präsentiert. Es werden die kurz- und langfristigen Auswirkungen einer technologischen Revolution und des Einsatzes von Robotern im Produktionsprozeß auf das Wachstum und die Einkommensverteilung vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Bidens Wirtschaftspolitik: Nicht alles anders!
Authors: Frenkel Michael
Published: April 2021

Gleich nach seiner Amtseinführung hat der neue amerikanische Präsident deutlich gemacht, dass er in vielen Politikbereichen grundsätzliche Änderungen herbeiführen will. Dies gilt auch für die Wirtschaftspolitik. Joe Biden wird die Bekämpfung der Covid-19-Pandemie, die Klimapolitik, die Steuer- und Sozialpolitik sowie die Einstellung zum Multilateralismus anders aufstellen als sein Vorgänger. Deutlich geringer fallen die Unterschiede in der auch im historischen Vergleich sehr expansiven Fiskalpolitik und in der protektionistischen Ausrichtung von Teilen der Wirtschaftspolitik aus.
Simulationsbasierte Investitionsrechnung
Authors: Gleißner Werner , Meyer Matthias , Spitzner Jan
Published: April 2021

Risikobetrachtungen sind häufig ein „add on“ bei Investitionsentscheidungen, etwa in Form von Sensitivitätsanalysen oder eines unabhängig von der Investition ermittelten Diskontierungssatzes. Wir zeigen auf, wie Risiken von Anfang an bei der Bewertung von Investitionen berücksichtigt werden können. Entscheider erhalten eine monetäre Bewertung des Risikos einer Investition in Form eines Diskontierungssatzes, der sich auf die konkreten, mittels einer Monte-Carlo-Simulation ermittelten Risiken einer Investition bezieht.
Digitale Transformation der Finanzfunktion am Beispiel von Microsoft
Authors: Wiprächtiger Reto
Published: April 2021

Die digitale Transformation von Unternehmensbereichen bietet die Möglichkeit personelle Strukturen zu verändern und neue wertgenerierende Tätigkeitsbereiche zu schaffen. Anhand eines strukturierten Prozesses zeigt dieser Beitrag die Digitalisierungsstrategie (Digital Journey) der Finanzfunktion bei Microsoft auf und arbeitet den Aufbau des zukünftigen CFO-Bereichs und dessen Entwicklung heraus.
A Previously Healthy 18-Year-Old Male With Fever, Arrhythmia, and Shock
Authors: Umapathi Krishna Kishore , Schmidt Henry , Salazar Natalia , Sosnowski Cyndi , Wilkerson Marylouise Kiyana , Logan Latania K.
Published: April 2021

A male individual aged 18 years with no significant past medical history presented with fever, headache, dry cough, and chest pain. On clinical examination, he had tachycardia and hypotension needing intravenous fluid resuscitation and inotropic support. A chest radiograph revealed streaky lung opacities, and he was treated with antibiotics for suspected community-acquired pneumonia complicated by septic shock. Significant elevation of cardiac enzymes was noted, and there was a continued need for inotropes to maintain normotension. He also developed intermittent bradycardia, with serial electrocardiograms showing first-degree atrioventricular block, low-voltage QRS complexes, and ST-T wave changes and telemetry demonstrating junctional and ventricular escape rhythm. A complete workup for sepsis and acute myocarditis were performed to find the etiologic agent. Intravenous immunoglobulins were started to treat myocarditis, with eventual clinical improvement. He was eventually diagnosed with an unusual etiology for his illness. He was noted to still have intermittent ventricular escape rhythm on electrocardiograms on follow-up 2 weeks after discharge but continues to remain asymptomatic and in good health.
Crescimento pôndero-estatural de crianças e adolescentes submetidos à adenoamigdalectomia
Authors: Costa Pinto Ribeiro André , Capelo Candido Tarssius , Almeida Nascimento Pedro Henrique , Ferraz Rodrigues Paula , Benini Guércio Wilson
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: documentar de forma sistemática o padrão de desenvolvimento pôndero-estatural de pacientes submetidos à adenoamigdalectomia.Métodos: coleta de dados secundários dos prontuários de pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de Otorrinolaringologia Pediátrica, antes e depois da cirurgia de adenoamigdalectomia.Resultados: de forma individual, os pacientes apresentaram elevação no escore Z e percentis das variáveis ao peso e a altura no período entre as análises. Especificamente em relação ao peso, a média antes do procedimento e quatro meses depois do procedimento foi, respectivamente, de 29,1 kg e 32,8 kg; no que diz respeito à altura, a média foi de 1,22 m e 1,25 m, respectivamente. Ao aplicar oTeste T de Student foi possível notar significância estatística para ambas asvariáveis em estudo. Aspecto não percebido ao avaliar os indivíduos reunidos em grupos etários (pré-escolares, escolares e adolescentes).Conclusões: as crianças submetidas à adenoamigdalectomia apresentaram ganho pôndero-estaturalapós a cirurgia. A atuação cirúrgica diante do diagnóstico da hipertrofia e da hiperplasia das amígdalas e tonsila faríngea deve ser precoce, desde que haja indicação formal, a fim de evitar a manutenção do atraso no crescimento nesses pacientes.
Fenomenologia nos estudos de enfermagem
Authors: Ribeiro Mota Hugo , Da Mata Ribeiro Gomes Betânia , Zahavi Dan , M. M. Martiny Kristian
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é, primeiro, apresentar e considerar as críticas de Paley com mais detalhes e, em seguida, discutir algumas das aplicações significativas da fenomenologia que muitas vezes foram negligenciadas pelos pesquisadores qualitativos. Como foi amplamente demonstrado ao longo dos anos, a fenomenologia pode não apenas fazer a diferença no manuseio, análise e interpretação dos dados disponíveis, mas também em como os dados são obtidos em primeiro lugar, por exemplo, através de técnicas especiais de entrevista. Consideraremos algumas figuras centrais da psicologia fenomenológica clássica e da psiquiatria fenomenológica e apresentaremos alguns dos desenvolvimentos mais recentes na ciência cognitiva. Em seguida, discutiremos três casos concretos que demonstram como a fenomenologia foi aplicada no trabalho clínico com pacientes com esquizofrenia, paralisia cerebral e negligência hemispatial.
Frequency of Pulp Treatments in a Peruvian Pediatric Population: a Retrospective Study in a Specialized Dental Center from 2015 to 2019
Authors: Gamarra Solis Jose Ronualdo , Lévano Loayza Sandro Alexander , Ruiz Gutierrez Valeska Jazmin , Melgar Hermoza Rosa Ana
Published: April 2021

Pulp treatments are one of the types of procedures most performed in pediatric patients, whose primary objective is to restore the masticatory, aesthetic and phonetic function. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of pulp treatments performed in patients from 3 to 11 years of age treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Service of the Centro Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia from January 2015 to December 2019. The search for the medical records of patients treated at the Pediatric Dentistry Service who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected on age, sex, type of dentition and tooth, for the elaboration of a database, and later tables of contents. Of a sample of 514 virtual medical records, with 1166 pulp treatments performed, indirect pulp treatment was the most performed for both sexes, 41.17% (n=247) for females and 34.98% (n=198) for males. According to age range, 3 to 5 years of age are the patients who received more indirect pulp treatment with 39.06% (n=359). The majority of patients with deciduous dentition underwent indirect pulp treatment with 39.32% (n=326). Being the tooth most treated with indirect pulp treatment 84 with 41.18% (n=70). The pulp treatment that was most performed in our study was indirect pulp treatment followed by pulpectomy and pulpotomy. The female sex, age group 3 to 5 years and deciduous dentition were the ones that received the most pulp treatments. The teeth with the highest frequency of pulp treatments were the second lower left molar and the first lower right molar, and those with the least frequency were the lower right and left canines.
Assessment of risky drinking, harmful drinking and alcohol addiction among lawyers
Authors:   Non-public Healthcare Institution “nMed,” Krakow, Poland, Chrobak-Kasprzyk Katarzyna S. , Jośko-Ochojska Jadwiga ,   Department of Environmental Medicine and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
Published: April 2021

Background: Not much is known about alcohol dependence, risky or harmful drinking among Polish lawyers. Studies conducted around the world have so far shown that this professional group is at a greater risk of alcohol addiction than the total population or other professional groups. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the model of alcohol consumption among lawyers, as well as the factors influencing this phenomenon. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among 206 lawyers, including 102 women and 104 men, aged between 29 and 84 years. The AUDIT test, developed by World Health Organization, was used. Results: In the study group of lawyers, 22.33% drink in a risky and harmful manner, including nearly 3% whose score suggests alcohol addiction. It was shown that the sex criterion differentiated the alcohol consumption model among lawyers, with statistically significant higher average values obtained for men (p = 0.002). The study showed that the drinking model is influenced both by the marital status of respondents and whether they have children or not (p = 0.000033). There was no influence of weekly working hours on the alcohol use pattern (p = 0.169, r = 0.10). An analysis using the Pearson’s r correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.021) between age and AUDIT score. This was a low-strength negative correlation (r = −0.16), i.e. AUDIT scores decreased with the age of respondents. Conclusions: This study is the first medical assessment of the prevalence of alcohol use among Polish lawyers. Lawyers are a professional group reluctant to undergo evaluation, who are at a high risk of problematic alcohol use. The study shows that there is a need for in-depth diagnosis of alcohol addiction and development of educational, preventive and therapeutic programs that take into account the specificity of the work of lawyers.
PGAM1 and TP53 mRNA levels in canine mammary carcinomas – Short communication
Authors: Maués Tábata , Oliveira Táya Figueiredo de , El-Jaick Kênia Balbi , Figueiredo Agnes Marie Sá , Ferreira Maria De Lourdes Gonçalves , Ferreira Ana Maria Reis
Published: April 2021

TP53andPGAM1genes play a key role in glycolysis which is an essential metabolic pathway of cancer cells for obtaining energy. The purpose of this work was to evaluatePGAM1andTP53mRNA expressions in canine mammary carcinomas (CMC) and to correlate them with animal data and tumour histological features. None of the nine samples analysed revealedPGAM1DNA sequence variations.PGAM1andTP53RNA expressions from 21 CMC were analysed using a one-step reverse transcription-PCR kit and its platform system. Most CMC samples had low levels ofPGAM1mRNA (71.5%) and normal expression ofTP53mRNA (95.2%). Our results suggest a different feature of the Warburg effect on canine mammary cancer cells compared to human cells.
Acute colonic impaction and faecaloma due to canine benign prostatic hyperplasia – Case report
Authors: Ferré-Dolcet Lluis , Sussan Beatrice
Published: April 2021

The present case report describes the clinical signs and case resolution of an intact 9-year-old male crossbreed dog with spontaneous constipation. The dog presented with abdominal pain, lack of appetite, tenesmus and without signs of defecation in the last 4 days. No important alterations were observed in the complete blood count and biochemistry. A substantial obstruction caused by a faecaloma and a prostate with increased size was observed on X-rays. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was confirmed by ultrasonography (size: 48.29 cm3) and by testing the serum canine prostate-specific arginine esterase concentration (105.97 ng/mL). Colon impaction was resolved with rectal enemas within two days. BPH was treated with osaterone acetate. Ultrasonographic checks were performed after 60 and 180 days from the demission and a concrete constant reduction of prostatic volume and of the clinical signs was established. Faecaloma is an uncommon finding in male dogs, and it occurs especially as a consequence of BPH. Colon impaction in patients with BPH is usually subclinical, but it is important to underline how, in severe cases, perforation of the colon and faecal peritonitis can occur, leading to fatal conditions for the animal. In conclusion, prostatic enlargement should always be considered in male dogs suffering from colonic impaction.
Kinerja Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Sukoharjo Ditinjau dari Perspektif Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Puryatama Arnita Febriana , Setyowati Kristina
Published: April 2021

Regional finance has a pivotal role in regional autonomy because regional finance reflects the ability of regions in running the local government. One of the tools to analyze local government financial performance is ratio analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine how the regional financial performance of Sukoharjo Regency in terms of regional autonomy perspective. This research uses descriptive quantitative method. The data used in this research is secondary in the form of financial report data Sukoharjo regency in 2015-2019 were obtained using the time series technique. The analysis results show that the financial performance of Sukoharjo regency is still not optimal. This is indicated by lack of ability to extract local revenue known from the low of DDF ratio, DOF ratio, Fiscal capacity and fiscal effort. Other than that, low independence ratio indicates that the regional dependence on central financial is still high.
Efektivitas Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak di Kantor Polisi Sektor Jatinangor Resor Sumedang
Authors: Kaustavia Whita , Farida Ai Siti
Published: April 2021

This research is motivated by frequent errors in the production process of Police Notes which are included in the Non-Tax State Revenue which is managed by the Jatinangor Sector Police, Sumedang Resort, which causes the blank material to be damaged. The purpose of this study was to determine how the effectiveness of non-tax state revenue at the Jatinangor Police Sector, Sumedang Resort. This research refers to the theory of oganization effectiveness according to Mott (1972), that organizational effectiveness is influenced by three dimensions, namely, productivity, flexibility and adaptability. The research method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques, using observation, interviews, study documentation, and triangulation. The data analysis technique used the Miles and Hubberman model with the stages of reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the effectiveness of Non-Tax State Revenues in the Jatinangor Sector Police Station, Sumedang Resort, was running effectively. This is based on the dimensions of productivity, flexibility and adaptability that have gone well.
Le sentiment de puissance. Une approche anthropologique du fait religieux
Authors: Simonin David
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es explicar el análisis crítico de la religión que Nietzsche realiza gracias a su concepto de sentimiento de poder. Por un lado, la fe puede ayudar a los seres humanos a sentirse  poderosos, aunque no necesariamente sean, por otro lado, ese proceso puede proporcionarles algún tipo de poder efectivo. El sentimiento de poder es, por tanto, una herramienta para comprender mejor numerosas actitudes y prácticas religiosas.
TEACHING METHODS TO IMPROVE LEARNING SKILLS OF TEENAGERS OF PUPILS
Authors:   Osh State University, Aydarova Zhypargul
Published: April 2021

The article talks about the need to apply pedagogical methods, techniques, and learning technologies to help students actively and more actively participate in the cognitive process as a result of changes in the education system. Pedagogical principles that affect the effectiveness of the educational process, serve as the basis for the application. The main purpose of applying the proposed pedagogical methods is to interest students in the reading process, which is why they must be selected taking into account the age characteristics of adolescents. In addition, the article offers an answer to the question of how can we raise the activity of teenage children? Applying reading and writing in the activities of students of adolescents in the learning process, we can build their informational competence.
THE FORMATION OF SOCIAL-PERSONAL COMPETENCIES OF STUDENTS WITH HOLDING OF NATURAL ANALYSIS OF WORKS OF J. MAMYTOV " DAWN TALE”
Authors:   Kyrgyz State National University named after J. Balasagyn, Zholdosheva Roza
Published: April 2021

The article considers the ways of formation of cultural and socio-personal competences of students by teaching a work based on the plot of a literary work. And the importance of social and personal competencies in the literature lesson will be highlighted, and the problem of what effect they will get from using them among middle-aged students will be raised. In case of active participation of the students themselves in the organization of the lesson, the children explain that the knowledge gained has a high connection with life and the methodological works will be used in practice. A literature lesson should be chosen depending on the age of the student, in which children should participate without problems. After all, the formal specificity of other disciplines remains, requiring organizational skills from the teacher. If classes are implemented by interactive actions of children and creativity of the teacher, as well as the teacher's methodical approach to the ability of students, then the ways of forming students ' competencies will be solved correctly. This issue is discussed in the article too.
Special Section Editorial
Authors: Bowie Anneli
Published: April 2021

My aim for this broadly-conceived special section in Image & Text on visual rhetoric and rhetorics of the visual is to highlight the multiple ways in which rhetorical approaches can offer valuable perspectives on a broad range of visual cultural products and practices. More specifically, one of my main objectives was to solicit studies that consider the rhetorical constitution of visual cultural phenomena via a mixture of visual and verbal argumentation. This means paying attention to how visual artifacts operate as persuasive "arguments", while recognising the essential role played by verbal argumentation when it comes to the creation, justification, promotion and evaluation of the visual. I am delighted that the articles presented here reflect on these interconnected aspects of visual rhetorical inquiry (the rhetoricity of visual language and the rhetoricity of language about the visual).
Visual communicative practices: Towards a more inclusive visual rhetoric?
Authors: Brown-Edwards Storm Jade
Published: April 2021

In this conceptual article, I examine the term "visual communicative practices" in order to understand the ways in which it can broaden the research object and concepts of visual rhetoric to offer a contemporary study of any visual object. Although calls for a more audience and reception-focused Visual Studies are not new, when coupled with a need for a decolonised approach and subject matter, the term "visual communicative practices" provides one way of starting to grapple with what these ideas and approaches mean in practice. As an example of how this term could be beneficial, the challenges associated with studying the contextual, lived and experiential visual practice of street art and graffiti are explored. These examples are used since the subject matter and research methodology do not fit entirely into any singular discipline and instead have to employ a more transdisciplinary approach to the visual and the visible. Although at times this approach can present methodological challenges, it opens up and invigorates ideas around how to critically study contemporary and contextually situated visual practices. This is particularly relevant when considering these forms in the "semiotic marketplace" that is South African public space, and the "second-life" of images in the digital realm.
The rhetoric of neutrality. Again. Revisiting Kinross in an era of typographic homogenisation globalisation
Authors: Rath Kyle
Published: April 2021

Over the past forty years, studies concerning visual rhetoric have become increasingly prevalent, seeping into multiple areas of research, from visual studies to architecture and design. Robin Kinross's The rhetoric of neutrality is arguably one of the most influential pieces on visual rhetoric in design. The article was published in 1985, alongside Richard Buchanan's Declaration by design: Rhetoric, and demonstration in design practice and marks an important moment in design and particularly typographic design. The article mirrors sentiments from postmodern typographic design, where stiff modernist grids, formulaic layouts and neutral letterforms were fervently outcast. Central to this paper is Kinross's rejection that any visual medium can be described as neutral. From the mid-2010s, there seems to have been a renewed interest in "neutral" typographic application. In pursuit of "accessibility", designers and design agencies working in the spheres of branding, motion, advertising and user-experience steadily strip letterforms of their distinctive characteristics; purging them of cultural symbolism to satisfy a kind of "global palate". In this paper, I revisit Kinross's treatise on neutrality and explore possible reasons for a renewed interest within "neutral" letterforms within a global context.
On Humanism and Transhumanism
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Medical University, Russian Federation, Piletsky Sergey
Published: April 2021

The paper raises the problem, quite widely discussed not only in the frame of modern philosophizing, but in the whole complex of socio-humanitarian knowledge – the problem of the perspectives of the formation of the epoch of transhumanism. What is it - the epoch of transhumanism? What are the peculiar properties of it? And what are the specifics of that technological bias which would allow put it into practice? Is there a genetic bond between transhumanism and the sources of the traditional humanism? And why the majority of not only philosophers, but all humanitarians speak out against ‘the unprecedented advantages’ and ‘the good’ of transhumanism, considering its realization as the era of ‘dehumanization’ of a human being? These and similar questions worry millions of intellectuals all over the world. The author of this paper tries to give his answers. He analyses the definitions of humanism, given in two authoritative philosophical dictionaries. Then he reinforces his analysis with not only his own reasonings and extrapolations, but with the positions of three outstanding thinkers and famous humanists of Renaissance – Lorenzo Valla, Pico della Mirandola and Erasmus Roterodamus. However the author tries to consider the historical tradition not isolated but to link with the technological opportunity of its transformation into those perspectives of transhumanism. That’s why the author draws attention to a remarkable writer-philosopher Aldous Huxley with his anti-utopian novel ‘Brave New World’. The author concludes the paper with offering to the reader’s attention his author’s speculative model how it can be.
On Professional Self-Determination of Philosophy Teachers in Russia
Authors:   International University in Moscow, Russian Federation, Nemtsev Mikhail ,   Moscow School for the Social and Economic Sciences, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

In the beginning of this paper, the author presents a critical analysis of “The Carnival Time: Russian High School and Science in the Postmodern Era” by P. A. Orekhovsky and V. I. Razumov who scrutinize ongoing degradation in Russian science and education. This crisis is a local variation of deep global crisis (described among others by B. Readings (1996)). Their article represents such a particular feature of humanities in Russian higher educational institutions, as systematic lack of attention to personal educational interests of students that unavoidably leads to certain monologicity. Before now, there has been gnoseological inequality between teachers and students. Thereby, objectives and content of education were predetermined. Global crisis of education is grounded by factual disappearance of this inequality. However, one can appreciate new possibilities for philosophy teachers to live on according to their professional self-determination. In the second part of the article, it is proposed to evaluate the situation from the standpoint of dedicated philosophers for whom teaching is the most appropriate way to fulfill their professional self-determination. Philosophy is a unique profession, where it is barely impossible to separate professional thinking of a philosopher from the practice of teaching Philosophy. To teach philosophy is to philosophize. In this paper, the author considers the term ‘self-determination’ as creation of general value grounds of the philosophy teachers’ practical (everyday) activity, which provides every professional activity with justification as reasonably necessary to establish these values. Self-determination establishes a bridge between personal ethics and everyday practical life decisions. In order to implement their self-determination, philosophers need educational situations. Therefore the main proposition of this paper is that philosophy teachers have a chance to take advantage of the ongoing situation if they develop self-determination and explore educational interests of prospective students.
Art Education as a Model for Overcoming the Crisis in Higher Education
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Theater Institute, Russian Federation, Kuzin Vasiliy
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the existential crisis of the higher school teacher in modern Russia, diagnosed by professors P. A. Orekhovsky and V. I. Razumov in the article ‘Carnival Time: Russian Higher School and Science in the Postmodern Era’. Various aspects of the activity of a higher school teacher are considered: economic, social, and psychological. The author diagnoses the inflation of higher education in modern Russia. Due to inflation, there comes its obvious devaluation. At the same time, the development of digital technologies radically simplifies access to information and thereby deprives a teacher of the traditional status of a unique carrier of knowledge. Therefore, in modern conditions, a university teacher can not only be a polymath, transmitting knowledge. It is noted that the most important professional quality of a teacher is to be an expert in their field, to possess inalienable skills that cannot be translated into an objectified form. The presence of inalienable, non-objectifiable skills is the main condition for overcoming (or mitigating) the existential crisis of a higher school teacher. One of the main tasks of the teacher is to give a personal expert assessment of the student’s activities. Personal, non-formalized interaction between the teacher and the student is the basis of education in the art field, and it could be a model for higher education in general, become one of the possible ways out of the current crisis of higher education.
Social Risks of the Digital Economy
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation, Chernyakov Mikhail , Chernyakova Maria ,   Siberian Institute of Management – the branch of RANEPA, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

In recent years, the digital revolution and, especially, the problems associated with the transformation of the economy have become more and more interesting. However, few studies are devoted to issues related to the development of new methods of risk assessment and their impact on social processes in the context of the formation and development of the digital economy. It is unknown how the consequences of the digital revolution will affect the processes taking place in society. The purpose of this work is to study possible risks that may arise in the process of transforming the economy into a digital one, and primarily social ones. To study the risks of the digital economy, we use hierarchical methods that are characterized by a sequential algorithm for dividing a given set of items into subordinate subsets. The results of the study indicate that the risks of the digital economy have specific features that distinguish them from traditional ones. The authors demonstrate the classification of digital economy risks and show the place of social risks in it. A dynamic model of social risks in the digital economy is proposed. It is established that social risks in the digital economy are growing more and more from year to year. Research has shown that there is an urgent need to address the issue of skills imbalance in the labor market. It is necessary to increase the number of competitive employees who have a huge amount of knowledge, skills, and competencies necessary for this time, and constantly update them. The implementation of all this is impossible without the involvement of the state, the education system, public figures and the population.
Transcending Postcolonial Frontiers: Re-envisaging the Grand Trunk Road
Authors:   Asia in Global Affairs, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, Singh Priya
Published: April 2021

The essay calls for a re-imagining and reshaping of colonial constructs. It concisely encapsulates the history of the Grand Trunk Road (GT Road), from the 16th century when it was referred to as ‘Sadak-e-Azam’ to the late 19th century, when the road was completed under the administration of Lord William Bentinck and was renamed as ‘The Grand Trunk Road’ to contemporary times when it connects multiple cities with National Highways as part of the Golden Quadrilateral project and remains a ‘continuum’ that covers a distance of over 2,500 kilometres. While highlighting its importance in terms of its criticality as a geopolitical/strategic connect, the essay concludes on the note that there is much more to the GT Road than being a mere logistical, infrastructural tool. It serves as a political and cultural connect as well as embodies a way of life and these historic and organic connections require reinforcement. The essay underlines the symbolic value of the GT Road, while it comprises the mainstay of commerce in the subcontinent but, at the same time is significant in terms of rearranging social and political hierarchies, in other words, it constitutes an intrinsic part of the broader narrative of the south Asian space.
The Russian Church in Modern Society (On the Example of the Russian Religious Situation)
Authors:   Novosibirsk Orthodox Theological Seminary of the Novosibirsk Diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Federation, Tsyplakov Dmitry
Published: April 2021

The subject of this article is the concept of the Church in the context of the contemporary Russian religious situation and the understanding of the concept by the Russian philosophical ecclesiology. The current religious situation could be described as post-secular. The Church, which survived two waves of secularization in Russia, retained its social subjectivity. The description of the Church as a conglomerate of believers does not correspond with the self-understanding of the Church in Christian thought. The article reveals the ontological self-understanding of the Church in the works of S.L. Frank, A.S. Homjakov, Russian theologians. The mystical reality of the Church could be combined with the empirical expression of it as a social institution. V.S. Soloviev considered the Church as a part of his theocratic utopia. In it he reduced the Church to a simple political social force. And at present, communities of Christians are expected to be embedded in a certain social functional. Meanwhile, arch-presbyter Nicolas Afanasiev pointed to eschatological reality: to the Church as an eschatological subject, as to the City of God (according to St. Augustine) only dwelling in the city of the earth. It forms the social Church ontology on the basis of the Church and society interaction. The social subjectivity of the Church is implicitly present in the framework of social activity in interaction with secular society. The concept of social subjectivity helps to reveal in the social analysis the essence of the dualistic nature of the Church. As an eschatological subject, it is the Body of Christ and at the head of it is the Christ. Therefore, the Church is a divine-human unity. But in the temporal order of things, in the secular aspect, the Church appears as an organization that performs certain social functions, or as one of the parts of the social institution of religion. The article points out the risk of institutionalization for the Church in which it may lose the social dimension of its subjectivity, which does not correspond to the mystical self-consciousness. The risk is that the Church will fulfill the requests of society but will not be able to reveal its main function of being the “the pillar and ground of the truth” (1 Tim. 3:15). The article summarizes that in modern Russian society the Church must have its own social subjectivity in order to pass this point of choice and create a working model of interaction with society, including secular society. The subjectivity of the Church is one of the conditions for its sustainable existence in modern Russia.
Technological and Religious Subject of the World View
Authors:   Balakhninsky Branch of the National Research Lobachevsky, State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation, Nagornov Evgeny ,   Moscow Witte University, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

In the context of the modern ideological affirmation of the church in the Russian society, the supernatural origin of a religious subject is highlighted, from which all the diversity of the world is derived. Such a metaphysical approach to interpreting a religious subject seems to the author methodologically incorrect and impoverishes the research field. In the framework of the comparative approach, the article discusses the value orientations of the technological (scientific) and religious subjects. The author demonstrates the worldview proximity of these subjectivities and considers new ways of conceptualizing a religious subject. The author’s contribution to the study of the typology of religious and technological subjects is the search for new methodological approaches that could become a means of rethinking the established practices of historical writings of a religious subject, both at the level of new subject areas and at the level of the axiomatics of cultural and historical research. For the author, religion is close to science, especially in the early stages of its development. Religion, like science, does not intend to put up with the proposed historical and social conditions of the established world order, but wants to form them on its own terms. Both a religious subject and a scientist, developing a new revolutionary direction, want one thing – to actively change the world, to rule in it according their own rules. The triumph of religious and technological actors is considered in the study as “the invasion of new actors”, as a result of the painstaking work to create their own networks. This allows us to unite the inventors of the modern era and, for example, the first Christians. It allows you to connect the worlds of a scientific laboratory and a religious community that actively recruit their supporters. Such an understanding of the religious subject can become a means of rethinking the established idealistic practices of its representation, as well as the ideas of the ‘immanent development of religion’. The present paper attempts to expand the interpretation of the religious subject, to question its metaphysical totality and universality, and to create a new research field for the future research.
“Spring Palace Paintings” in Chinese Traditional Painting
Authors:   Novosibirsk military Institute named after general of the Army I.K. Yakovlev of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Zavyalova Anna ,   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin), Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

The article considers the erotic genre of traditional Chinese art, chun gong hua (‘spring palace paintings’), which was developed in painting. The study uses comparative - historical, cultural and historical methods, as well as methods of systematization, analysis and synthesis. The author traces the formation and evolution of the genre, reveals its specific features. The paper analyzes the system of artistic images of the works of chun gong hua, reveals that they are based on the ideas of Taoism, which are visualized through painting, which made it possible to reveal a second, meaningful plan of paintings filled with metaphors and allegories. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of expressive means, specific techniques and visual techniques of the genre. The study shows that due to the richness of images, artistic and expressive means and techniques, juxtaposition of the conditional and the real, double transformation of nature, the first impression of seemingly pornographic images of naked bodies and erotic scenes is subdued. The high artistry of the ‘spring palace paintings’ allows us to attribute them to the unique works of Chinese traditional art.
The Phenomenon of Metamodernism in Contemporary Russian Art (On the Example of Paintings by V. Pushnitsky)
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Russian Federation, Podlednov Denis
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the functioning of metamodernism in the field of Russian contemporary art. Researchers of metamodernism talk about the revival of historicity, depth and affect that were lost with the era of postmodernism. Metamodernism is characterized by oscillation, metaxis, new sincerity, neo-romantic sensuality, reconstruction, etc. In this paper, the author attempts to analyze markers of metamodernism in the visual arts using the example of the artist Vitaly Pushnitsky (St. Petersburg). The material for the study was a research interview with the artist V. Pushnitsky, as well as a semiotic and formal-stylistic analysis of his works (2015-2020). The author comes to the conclusion that through such markers of metamodernism as oscillation, reconstruction and appeal to new sincerity, the artist V. Pushnitsky seeks to show the reality in which the artist is at the stage of searching for new artistic means of expression. Along with this, through certain compositional and color features, V. Pushnitsky pays tribute to such artists as Pierre-August Renoir, Claude Monet, Leonardo da Vinci, Francis Bacon, as well as the Japanese poet I. Kosugi.
STUDY OF FERMENTATION PROCESS OF BAIKAL OMUL WITH THE USE OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA
Authors:   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Nikiforova A.P. , Khazagaeva S.N. ,   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management, Khamagaeva I.S. ,   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management
Published: April 2021

The article describes fermentation process of the Baikal omul with the bacterial concentrate containing Lactobacillus sakei LSK-104. pH and microbiological analyses were used as indicators of biochemical activity of lactic acid bacteria. As found, during fermentation of omul, pH of the muscle tissue in the experimental sample decreased faster and reached 5.05 at 14 days of fermentation, while in the control sample the pH value was 6.28. It can be explained by the formation of organic acids during the fermentation with lactic acid bacteria L. sakei LSK-104. In this case, the number of viable cells reacheed a maximum value of 1011 CFU/g. The lactic acid fermentation process in brine proceeded more intensively than in the muscle tissue. The data obtained in this study expand our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms that ensure survival of L. sakei LSK-104 under unfavorable cultivation conditions
MARINE BENTHIC ALGAE FROM COMMANDER ISLANDS (REVISION 2021). II. RHODOPHYTA
Authors:   Kamchatka State Technical University, Klochkova N.G. , Klochkova T.A. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University, Klimova A.V. ,   Kamchatka State Technical University
Published: April 2021

We present results of revision based on our personal data and reports published from 1889 to 2020 on the red algal species composition from the Commander Islands. The general list includes 150 species. Six species are reported for the first time, including Phymatolithon lamii, Neoabbottiella valentinae, Callophyllis beringensis, Kallymeniopsis verrucosa, Velatocarpus kurilensis, and Mazzaella hemisphaerica. These species are illustrated by photographs of samples collected by us from Bering Island in September 2020. Another 15 red algal species reported from this area by different authors we attributed by us to doubtful and incorrectly identified taxa. The list of valid species is organized similarly to that in our recent paper on flora of the green and brown algae from the Commander Islands [Klochkova et al., 2020]. In the list, we cite papers containing information on species records from this area. For all species, information on their distribution frequency, depth, and some ecological and biological features are provided. It is shown that in contrast to many other regions of the Russian Far East, the Commander Islands are well studied from phycological and floristic aspects. This is due to seasonal and year-round investigations carried out in this region in different time periods, a thorough diving survey on the coastal area and more complete study on microepiphyte species composition, including microscopic red algae.