bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrascalable Surface Structuring Strategy of Metal Additively Manufactured Materials for Enhanced Condensation
Authors: Ho Jin Yao , Rabbi Kazi Fazle , Khodakarami Siavash , Sett Soumyadip , Wong Teck Neng , Leong Kai Choong , King William P , Miljkovic Nenad
Published: July 2022

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) enables unparalleled design freedom for the development of optimized devices in a plethora of applications. The requirement for the use of nonconventional aluminum alloys such as AlSi10Mg has made the rational micro/nanostructuring of metal AM challenging. Here, the techniques are developed and the fundamental mechanisms governing the micro/nanostructuring of AlSi10Mg, the most common metal AM material, are investigated. A surface structuring technique is rationally devised to form previously unexplored two‐tier nanoscale architectures that enable remarkably low adhesion, excellent resilience to condensation flooding, and enhanced liquid–vapor phase transition. Using condensation as a demonstration framework, it is shown that the two‐tier nanostructures achieve 6× higher heat transfer coefficient when compared to the best filmwise condensation. The study demonstrates that AM‐enabled nanostructuring is optimal for confining droplets while reducing adhesion to facilitate droplet detachment. Extensive benchmarking with past reported data shows that the demonstrated heat transfer enhancement has not been achieved previously under high supersaturation conditions using conventional aluminum, further motivating the need for AM nanostructures. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the synergistic combination of wide AM design freedom and optimal AM nanostructuring method can provide an ultracompact condenser having excellent thermal performance and power density.
Optical Properties of Perovskite‐Organic Multiple Quantum Wells
Authors: Antrack Tobias , Kroll Martin , Sudzius Markas , Cho Changsoon , Imbrasas Paulius , Albaladejo‐Siguan Miguel , Benduhn Johannes , Merten Lena , Hinderhofer Alexander , Schreiber Frank , Reineke Sebastian , Vaynzof Yana , Leo Karl
Published: July 2022

A comprehensive study of the optical properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite multiple quantum wells (MQW) with organic barrier layers is presented. Quantum confinement is observed by a blue‐shift in absorption and emission spectra with decreasing well width and agrees well with simulations of the confinement energies. A large increase of emission intensity with thinner layers is observed, with a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 32 times higher than that of bulk layers. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) measurements show very low thresholds down to 7.3 µJ cm−2 for a perovskite thickness of 8.7 nm, significantly lower than previously observed for CsPbBr3 thin‐films. With their increased photoluminescence efficiency and low ASE thresholds, MQW structures with CsPbBr3 are excellent candidates for high‐efficiency perovskite‐based LEDs and lasers.
Synchronized, Spontaneous, and Oscillatory Detachment of Eukaryotic Cells: A New Tool for Cell Characterization and Identification
Authors: Yongabi Derick , Khorshid Mehran , Losada‐Pérez Patricia , Bakhshi Sichani Soroush , Jooken Stijn , Stilman Wouter , Theßeling Florian , Martens Tobie , Van Thillo Toon , Verstrepen Kevin , Dedecker Peter , Vanden Berghe Pieter , Lettinga Minne Paul , Bartic Carmen , Lieberzeit Peter , Schöning Michael J. , Thoelen Ronald , Fransen Marc , Wübbenhorst Michael , Wagner Patrick
Published: July 2022

Despite the importance of cell characterization and identification for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, developing fast and label‐free methods without (bio)‐chemical markers or surface‐engineered receptors remains challenging. Here, we exploit the natural cellular response to mild thermal stimuli and propose a label‐ and receptor‐free method for fast and facile cell characterization. Cell suspensions in a dedicated sensor are exposed to a temperature gradient, which stimulates synchronized and spontaneous cell‐detachment with sharply defined time‐patterns, a phenomenon unknown from literature. These patterns depend on metabolic activity (controlled through temperature, nutrients, and drugs) and provide a library of cell‐type‐specific indicators, allowing to distinguish several yeast strains as well as cancer cells. Under specific conditions, synchronized glycolytic‐type oscillations are observed during detachment of mammalian and yeast‐cell ensembles, providing additional cell‐specific signatures. These findings suggest potential applications for cell viability analysis and for assessing the collective response of cancer cells to drugs.
Dynamic Alterations in the Respiratory Tract Microbiota of Patients with COVID‐19 and its Association with Microbiota in the Gut
Authors: Shen Yifei , Yu Fei , Zhang Dan , Zou Qianda , Xie Mengxiao , Chen Xiao , Yuan Lingjun , Lou Bin , Xie Guoliang , Wang Ruonan , Yang Xianzhi , Chen Weizhen , Wang Qi , Feng Baihuan , Teng Yun , Dong Yuejiao , Huang Li , Bao Jiaqi , Han Dongsheng , Liu Chang , Wu Wei , Liu Xia , Fan Longjiang , Timko Michael P. , Zheng Shufa , Chen Yu
Published: July 2022

The role of respiratory tract microbes and the relationship between respiratory tract and gut microbiomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remain uncertain. Here, the metagenomes of sputum and fecal samples from 66 patients with COVID‐19 at three stages of disease progression are sequenced. Respiratory tract, gut microbiome, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples are analyzed to compare the gut and respiratory tract microbiota of intensive care unit (ICU) and non‐ICU (nICU) patients and determine relationships between respiratory tract microbiome and immune response. In the respiratory tract, significantly fewer Streptococcus, Actinomyces, Atopobium, and Bacteroides are found in ICU than in nICU patients, while Enterococcus and Candida increase. In the gut, significantly fewer Bacteroides are found in ICU patients, while Enterococcus increases. Significant positive correlations exist between relative microbiota abundances in the respiratory tract and gut. Defensin‐related pathways in PBMCs are enhanced, and respiratory tract Streptococcus is reduced in patients with COVID‐19. A respiratory tract–gut microbiota model identifies respiratory tract Streptococcus and Atopobium as the most prominent biomarkers distinguishing between ICU and nICU patients. The findings provide insight into the respiratory tract and gut microbial dynamics during COVID‐19 progression, considering disease severity, potentially contributing to diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
Red Blood Cell Anchoring Enables Targeted Transduction and Re‐Administration of AAV‐Mediated Gene Therapy
Authors: Zhao Zongmin , Kim Jayoung , Suja Vinny Chandran , Kapate Neha , Gao Yongsheng , Guo Junling , Muzykantov Vladimir R. , Mitragotri Samir
Published: July 2022

Adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated gene therapy is a promising therapeutic modality for curing many diseases including monogenic diseases. However, limited tissue‐targeting and restricted re‐administration due to the vector immunogenicity largely restrict its therapeutic potential. Here, using a red blood cell (RBC) as the carrier vehicle for AAV is demonstrated to improve its tissue‐targeted transduction and enable its re‐administration. Anchoring AAV to the RBC surface minimally affected its infectability toward endothelial cells. Meanwhile, AAV anchored onto RBCs is predominantly delivered to and shows efficient transduction in the lungs by virtue of the biophysical features of RBCs. RBC‐anchored AAVs lead to a four‐ to five‐fold enhancement in target gene expression in the lungsas compared to free AAVs following a single‐ or dual‐dosing regimen. While RBC anchoring does not prevent the induction of adaptive immune responses against AAV, it results in successful transgene expression upon re‐administration following prior AAV exposure. The ability to re‐administer is partially attributed to the delayed and reduced AAV neutralization by neutralizing antibodies, resulting from the combination of limited exposure of physically confined AAVs and the short time required to reach the lungs. This study's findings suggest that the RBC‐mediated approach is a promising strategy for repetitive, targeted AAV gene therapy.
Ultrafast Interfacial Self‐Assembly toward Supramolecular Metal‐Organic Films for Water Desalination
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Liu Chang , Zhang Huilin , Xu Zhi‐Kang , Ju Feng , Yu Chengbing , Xu Yuxi
Published: July 2022

Supramolecular metal‐organic materials are considered as the ideal candidates for membrane fabrication due to their excellent film forming characteristics, diverse metal centers and ligand sources, and designable structure and function. However, it remains challenging to rapidly construct highly permeable supramolecular metal‐organic membranes with high salt rejection. Herein, a novel ultrafast interfacial self‐assembly strategy to prepare supramolecular metal‐organic films through the strong coordination interaction between highly active 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) ligands and Fe3+, Sc3+, or Cu2+ at the organic–aqueous interface is reported. Benefiting from the self‐completing and self‐limiting characteristics of this interfacial self‐assembly, the new kind of supramolecular membrane with optimized composition can be assembled within 3.5 min and exhibits ultrathin, dense, defect‐free features, and thus shows an excellent water permeance (21.5 L m–2 h–1 bar–1) with a high Na2SO4 rejection above 95%, which outperforms almost all of the non‐polyamide membranes and commercially available nanofiltration membranes. This strong‐coordination interfacial self‐assembly method will open up a new way for the development of functional metal‐organic supramolecular films for high‐performance membrane separation and beyond.
Ultrathin and Ultrastrong Kevlar Aramid Nanofiber Membranes for Highly Stable Osmotic Energy Conversion
Authors: Ding Li , Xiao Dan , Zhao Zihao , Wei Yanying , Xue Jian , Wang Haihui
Published: July 2022

An ion‐selective membrane can directly convert the osmotic energy to electricity through reverse electrodialysis. However, developing an advanced membrane that simultaneously possesses high power density, excellent mechanical strength, and convenient large‐scale production for practical osmotic energy conversion, remains challenging. Here, the fabrication of ultrathin and ultrastrong Kevlar aramid nanofiber (KANF) membranes with interconnected three‐dimensional (3D) nanofluidic channels via a simple blade coating method is reported. The negatively charged 3D nanochannels show typical surface‐charge‐governed nanofluidic ion transport and exhibit excellent cation selectivity. When applied to osmotic energy conversion, the power density of the KANF membrane‐based generator reaches 4.8 W m–2 (seawater/river water) and can be further increased to 13.8 W m–2 at 328 K, which are higher than most of the state‐of‐the‐art membranes. Importantly, a 4‐µm‐thickness KANF membrane shows ultrahigh tensile strength (565 MPa) and Young's modulus (25 GPa). This generator also exhibits ultralong stability over 120 days, showing great potential in practical energy conversions.
Unveiling the Complex Magnetization Reversal Process in 3D Nickel Nanowire Networks
Authors: Ruiz‐Clavijo Alejandra , Caballero‐Calero Olga , Navas David , Ordoñez‐Cencerrado Amanda A. , Blanco‐Portals Javier , Peiró Francesca , Sanz Ruy , Martín‐González Marisol
Published: July 2022

Understanding the interactions among magnetic nanostructures is one of the key factors to predict and control the advanced functionalities of 3D integrated magnetic nanostructures. In this work, the focus is on different interconnected Ni nanowires forming an intricate, but controlled, and ordered magnetic system: Ni 3D Nanowire Networks (3DNNs). These self‐ordered systems present striking anisotropic magnetic responses, depending on the interconnections’ position between nanowires. To understand their collective magnetic behavior, the magnetization reversal processes are studied within different Ni 3D Nanowire Networks compared to the 1D nanowire 1DNW array counterparts. The systems are characterized at different angles using first magnetization curves, hysteresis loops, and First Order Reversal Curves techniques, which provided information about the key features that enable macroscopic tuning of the magnetic properties of the 3D nanostructures. In addition, micromagnetic simulations endorse the experiments, providing accurate modeling of their magnetic behavior. The results reveal a plethora of magnetic interactions, neither evident nor intuitive, which are the main role players controlling the collective response of the system. The results pave the way for the design and realization of 3D novel metamaterials and devices based on the nucleation and propagation of ferromagnetic domain walls both in 3D self‐ordered systems and future nano‐lithographed devices.
Clusters of obesogenic behaviors and metabolic risk according to somatic maturity status among adolescents
Authors: Magalhães Kleberton C. S. , Matias Thiago S. , Araujo Raphael H. , Werneck André O. , Ferrari Gerson , Luz Leonardo G. O. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Barbosa Décio S. , Ronque Enio R. V. , Cyrino Edilson S. , Silva Danilo R.
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study aimed to identify the clusters of obesogenic behaviors, and verify the association with metabolic risk according to the categories of somatic maturity status of adolescents.

Methods

This is a cross‐sectional study conducted with 1159 (55.1% girls) Brazilian adolescents aged between 10 and 16 years (mean age: 12.9 years). Measurements of waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, HDL‐C, and triglycerides were combined to calculate a metabolic risk score. Somatic maturity was assessed by estimating the peak of height velocity. The obesogenic behaviors analyzed were physical activity (Baecke questionnaire), sedentary behavior (screen‐based behaviors) and dietary habits (consumption of healthy and unhealthy food). The Two Step clustering algorithm using the log‐likelihood measure was employed to cluster formation and regression models were adopted to the main analysis.

Results

We observed a complex co‐existence of obesogenic behaviors. Differences regarding the metabolic risk between clusters was only observed among the early‐maturing adolescents, where the cluster with higher number of healthy behaviors but lower physical activity presented higher metabolic risk score.

Conclusions

We conclude that physical activity has an important role on the association of clusters of obesogenic behaviors and metabolic risk in early‐maturing adolescents.
Psychiatric polygenic risk scores: Child and adolescent psychiatrists' knowledge, attitudes, and experiences
Authors: Pereira Stacey , Muñoz Katrina A. , Small Brent J. , Soda Takahiro , Torgerson Laura N. , Sanchez Clarissa E. , Austin Jehannine , Storch Eric A. , Lázaro‐Muñoz Gabriel
Published: July 2022

Psychiatric polygenic risk scores (PRS) have potential utility in psychiatric care and prevention, but there are concerns about their implementation. We surveyed 960 US‐based practicing child and adolescent psychiatrists' (CAP) about their experiences, perspectives, and potential uses of psychiatric PRS. While 23% of CAP reported that they had never heard of PRS, 10 % of respondents have had a patient/family bring PRS to them and 4% have generated PRS for patients. Though 25% stated they would request PRS if a patient/caregiver asked, 35% indicated that nothing would prompt them to request PRS. Most respondents (54%) believed psychiatric PRS are currently at least slightly useful and 87% believed they will be so in 5 years. More than 70% indicated they would take action in response to a child with a top fifth percentile psychiatric PRS but no diagnosis: 48% would increase monitoring of symptoms, 42% would evaluate for current symptoms, and 4% would prescribe medications. Yet, most respondents were concerned that high‐PRS results could lead to overtreatment and negatively impact patients' emotional well‐being. Findings indicate emerging use of psychiatric PRS within child and adolescent psychiatry in the US. It is critical to examine the ethical and clinical challenges that PRS may generate and begin efforts to promote their informed and responsible use.
Development of a humanized HLA‐A30 transgenic mouse model
Authors: Zhu Meng‐min , Niu Bo‐wen , Liu Ling‐ling , Yang Hua , Qin Bo‐yin , Peng Xiu‐hua , Chen Li‐xiang , Liu Yang , Wang Chao , Ren Xiao‐nan , Xu Chun‐hua , Zhou Xiao‐hui , Li Feng
Published: July 2022

Background

There are remarkable genetic differences between animal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) systems and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. HLA transgenic humanized mouse model systems offer a much better method to study the HLA‐A‐related principal mechanisms for vaccine development and HLA‐A‐restricted responses against infection in human.

Methods

A recombinant gene encoding the chimeric HLA‐A30 monochain was constructed. This HHD molecule contains the following: α1‐α2 domains of HLA‐A30, α3 and cytoplasmic domains of H‐2Db, linked at its N‐terminus to the C‐terminus of human β2m by a 15‐amino‐acid peptide linker. The recombinant gene encoding the chimeric HLA‐A30 monochain cassette was introduced into bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) CH502‐67J3 containing the HLA‐A01 gene locus by Red‐mediated homologous recombination. Modified BAC CH502‐67J3 was microinjected into the pronuclei of wild‐type mouse oocytes. This humanized mouse model was further used to assess the immune responses against influenza A virus (H1N1) pdm09 clinically isolated from human patients. Immune cell population, cytokine production, and histopathology in the lung were analyzed.

Results

We describe a novel human β2m‐HLA‐A30 (α1α2)‐H‐2Db (α3 transmembrane cytoplasmic) (HHD) monochain transgenic mouse strain, which contains the intact HLA‐A01 gene locus including 49 kb 5′‐UTR and 74 kb 3′‐UTR of HLA‐A01*01. Five transgenic lines integrated into the large genomic region of HLA‐A gene locus were obtained, and the robust expression of exogenous transgene was detected in various tissues from A30‐18# and A30‐19# lines encompassing the intact flanking sequences. Flow cytometry revealed that the introduction of a large genomic region in HLA‐A gene locus can influence the immune cell constitution in humanized mice. Pdm09 infection caused a similar immune response among HLA‐A30 Tg humanized mice and wild‐type mice, and induced the rapid increase of cytokines, including IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐6, in both HLA‐A30 humanized Tg mice and wild‐type mice. The expression of HLA‐A30 transgene was dramatically promoted in tissues from A30‐9# line at 3 days post‐infection (dpi).

Conclusions

We established a promising preclinical research animal model of HLA‐A30 Tg humanized mouse, which could accelerate the identification of novel HLA‐A30‐restricted epitopes and vaccine development, and support the study of HLA‐A‐restricted responses against infection in humans.
Rare juvenile material constrains estimation of skeletal allometry in Gryposaurus notabilis (Dinosauria: Hadrosauridae)
Authors: Mallon Jordan C. , Evans David C. , Zhang Yuguang , Xing Hai
Published: July 2022

In studying the skeletal allometry of any vertebrate, it is important to sample the ontogenetic extremes to ensure the accuracy of parameter estimation; this is particularly true for fossil taxa, where sampling of ontogenetic series is incomplete and sporadic. Previous studies have examined allometry in the skull of the duck‐billed dinosaur Gryposaurus notabilis, but these did not include individuals smaller than ~65% the maximum known size (based on linear dimensions). Here, we report on the two smallest known examples of this species (a mostly complete skeleton and a partial skull), which are ~37% the known maximal size of G. notabilis. Osteohistology indicates that these represent individuals ~2 years of age. Allometric analysis demonstrates that most aspects of the skull of G. notabilis grew isometrically, although the height of the nasal arch grew with positive allometry. Early in the ontogeny of G. notabilis, the dentary teeth possessed secondary ridges, which were lost later in life. This finding has important bearing on hadrosaurid tooth taxonomy. The limb proportions of G. notabilis largely grew isometrically (or with weak negative allometry, at most), like some other hadrosaurids, suggesting that the species did not undergo a gait shift with increasing age (unless it occurred very early in ontogeny). We argue that the lack of significant locomotory performance compensation exhibited by young hadrosaurids helps to explain why they apparently formed small, mutualistic aggregations, presumably for protection from large predators.
Magnetic microswarm for MRI contrast enhancer
Authors: Zhang Zhanxiang , Wang Haocheng , Yang Hua , Song Wenping , Dai Lizhou , Yu Shimin , Liu Xuejia , Li Tianlong
Published: July 2022

Highly effective contrast enhancer that processes targeting ability and maneuverability is in great demand in clinics for accurate diagnosis. Here a new strategy using deformable and manipulatable magnetic microswarm as MRI contrast enhancer is developed. Magnetic microswarm aggregated from nanoparticles is inherently deformable and they can be controlled with multiple programmable deform abilities. It is demonstrated that spatiotemporal programming magnetic field enables the magnetic microswarm not only to exhibit both ribbon‐like and round‐like behaviours but also to adaptively navigate multiple terrains. Intestinal model is conducted to explore the effect of magnetic microswarm as MRI enhancer, indicating the obvious enhancement of T2‐weighted MRI sequences. This magnetic microswarm holds great promise for highly sensitive and accurate intestinal MRI in the clinic.
Treatability of 18 taste and odor compounds using powdered activated carbon in drinking water utilities
Authors: Pochiraju Susheera (Sesha) , Hoppe‐Jones Christiane , Weinrich Lauren , Maalouf Samar , Adams Craig
Published: July 2022

Taste and odor (T&O) compounds in source waters can enter drinking water utilities causing customer concerns about the water quality if not removed during treatment. While there has been extensive research on two common T&O compounds, 2‐methylisoborneol (2‐MIB) and geosmin, research on non‐MIB/geosmin compounds has been limited. This study evaluated the treatability of 16 non‐MIB/geosmin compounds, 2‐MIB, and geosmin using powdered activated carbon (PAC). Four types of PAC were tested: two bituminous‐based, one lignite‐based, and one wood‐based PAC. Among the 18 compounds, PAC was effective for 15 compounds with at least 90% removal with typical PAC dosing, but was not suitable for dimethyl disulfide, ethyl methyl dioxolane, and cis‐3‐hexenol. The bituminous‐based PACs showed greater removal with higher adsorption rates compared to the lignite‐ and wood‐based PACs. The adsorption behavior of T&O compounds varied based on their physical and chemical characteristics, for example, hydrophobicity, and nature of functional groups.
Preparing Water Utilities for the Future of Energy Management
Authors: Patel Sanjay , Sowby Robert B. , Elliott Todd , Ferro James , Walski Thomas M.
Published: July 2022

Key Takeaways

In an interview, members of AWWA's Energy Management Committee share how water utilities can prepare for the future.

Adding to its considerable guidance on the topic, AWWA is preparing a new Manual of Practice, M83, Energy Management of Pumping and Treatment Processes.

Embracing flexible electric loads and digital technologies, while continuing to address pumping inefficiencies, will help water utilities thrive in a resource‐constrained and energy‐strained future.
Applying Risk Governance in a Water Utility Laboratory
Authors: Burlingame Gary A.
Published: July 2022

Key Takeaways

Risk governance has useful applications for water and wastewater utility operations.

An inventory of all risks, not just those of recent or past interest, should be developed to get a thorough knowledge of risks—and actions to take to reduce them.

Risk forms can be used to gather the background information needed for developing risk inventories, assigning priorities, and making regular updates.

Risk governance tools applied to individual units within a utility can help communicate risks across an organization and rank utility‐wide risks by consequence and likelihood.
Goodness‐of‐fit tests in proportional hazards models with random effects
Authors: González‐Manteiga Wenceslao , Martínez‐Miranda María Dolores , Van Keilegom Ingrid
Published: July 2022

This paper deals with testing the functional form of the covariate effects in a Cox proportional hazards model with random effects. We assume that the responses are clustered and incomplete due to right censoring. The estimation of the model under the null (parametric covariate effect) and the alternative (nonparametric effect) is performed using the full marginal likelihood. Under the alternative, the nonparametric covariate effects are estimated using orthogonal expansions. The test statistic is the likelihood ratio statistic, and its distribution is approximated using a bootstrap method. The performance of the proposed testing procedure is studied through simulations. The method is also applied on two real data sets one from biomedical research and one from veterinary medicine.
Counselling psychology practice in Latin America
Authors: Vilela e Souza Laura , Scorsolini‐Comin Fabio
Published: July 2022

This article reflects about the practice of Counselling Psychology (CP) in Latin America and the challenge of offering this practice in contexts of poverty and inequalities. We defend a CP that can offer a practice outside the standards of conventional clinical care, considering the individuals and their institutional relationships; valuing community support networks, and the care resources existing in these communities; avoiding pathologising and categorising people; and being open to the multiple demands while the professionals' role is to facilitate the process in which users become autonomous individuals able to make decisions about their lives.
Binder‐free Zeolite Beta Beads with Hierarchical Porosity: Synthesis and Application as Heterogeneous Catalysts for Anisole Acylation
Authors: Asgar Pour Zahra , Koelewijn Romar , El Hariri El Nokab Mustapha , van der Wel Patrick C. A. , Sebakhy Khaled O. , Pescarmona Paolo P.
Published: July 2022

Three zeolites (H‐Beta, H‐ZSM‐5 and H‐Y) were synthesized in the form of binder‐free macroscopic beads (d=215–840 μm) using a hydrothermal method employing anion‐exchange resin beads as hard template. The beads obtained after removal of the hard template by calcination consisted of crystalline zeolite domains connected with each other to form a hierarchical porous network in which the zeolitic micropores are accessible through meso‐ and macropores, as proven by characterization with XRD, N2 physisorption, SEM, and TEM. The composition, the nature and amount of acid sites and the degree of hydrophobicity of these beads were investigated by means of XRF, solid‐state NMR, pyridine‐FTIR and TGA. The zeolite beads were tested as heterogeneous catalysts in the Friedel‐Crafts acylation of anisole with acetic anhydride to produce para‐methoxyacetophenone. H‐Beta‐Beads displayed the best catalytic performance with 95 % conversion of acetic anhydride and 76 % yield of para‐methoxyacetophenone in a batch reactor test (90 °C, 6 h). Next, the catalytic performance of H‐Beta‐Beads was compared in both batch and continuous‐flow mode to extrudates prepared by mixing zeolite Beta powder with either kaolin or bentonite binders. H‐Beta‐Beads outperformed the extrudates in batch‐mode reactions and could be reused in multiple runs without discernible loss of activity. In the continuous‐flow test, H‐Beta‐Beads demonstrated higher average activity but deactivated more rapidly than the extrudates.
Improved Reversible Zinc Storage Achieved in a Constitutionally Crystalline‐Stable Mn(VO3)2 Nanobelts Cathode
Authors: Ke Jiaqi , Zhang Yufei , Zhang Yibo , Ye Minghui , Zhang Zicheng , Tang Yongchao , Liu Xiaoqing , Chao Li Cheng
Published: July 2022

Rechargeable zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are potential for grid‐scale applications owing to their safety, low price, and available sources. The development of ZIBs cathode with high specific capacity, wide operating voltage window and stable cyclability is urgently needed in next‐generation commercial batteries. Herein, we report a structurally crystalline‐stable Mn(VO3)2 nanobelts cathode for ZIBs prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. The as‐synthesized Mn(VO3)2 exhibited high specific capacity of 350 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, and maintained a capacity retention of 92 % after 10,000 cycles at 2 A g−1. It also showed good rate performance and obtained a reversible capacity of up to 200 mAh g−1 after 600 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 under −20 °C. The electrochemical tests suggest that Mn(VO3)2 nanobelts impart fast Zn2+ ions migration, and the introduction of manganese atoms help make the structures more indestructible, leading to a good rate performance and prolonged cycle lifespan.
Achieving Solution‐Processed Non‐Doped Single‐Emitting‐Layer White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes through Adjusting Pyrene‐Based Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon
Authors: Han Hongjing , Hu Sujuan , Zhang Shilong , Li Xiaojun , Sun Hailing , Chen Jiawen , Liu Baiquan , Liu Chuan , Chen Wangqiao , Zhang Qichun
Published: July 2022

Single‐emitting‐layer white organic light‐emitting diodes (SEL‐WOLEDs) have developed rapidly in recent years due to the outstanding advantages of high efficiency, simple device structure, low cost, less phase separation, and stable emission color. Nevertheless, the relatively complicated host‐dopant system is usually essential for most previous SEL‐WOLEDs and the development of simple non‐doped SEL‐WOLEDs lags behind. Hence the straightforward synthesis of single‐white‐emitting molecules for non‐doped SEL‐WOLEDs still remains a great challengeable task. In this article, we designed and synthesized two new pyrene‐based polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and used them as emitting layer materials in the OLED devices. When the molecules change from the mono‐fused one to bis‐fused one, the emitting light changes from greenish to white color. Further study indicated that the bis‐fused molecule PyD with more twisted and extended backbone packed in neat Cmca space group in single‐crystal system compared with P21/n for PyS, which may be favorable to form excimers in the solid state and broaden the emission spectrum in the OLEDs. As a result, a solution‐processed non‐doped single‐white‐emitting‐molecule SEL‐WOLED with high performance (e. g., a high color rendering index of 66) is reported. The findings will be beneficial not only to further development of simple WOLEDs, but also to other related organic optoelectronic technology.
Homolytic N−S Bond Cleavage in Vinyl Triflimides Enabled by Triplet–Triplet Energy Transfer
Authors: Strauch Christina , Schroeder Sebastian , Grelier Gwendal , Niggemann Meike
Published: July 2022

Vinyl triflimides are a new compound class with unknown reactivity. A computational analysis identified homolytic cleavage of the N−Tf bond induced by triplet–triplet energy transfer (EnT) as a highly interesting reaction type that might be accessible. A combination of experimental and mechanistic work verified this hypothesis and proved the generated radicals to be amenable to radical–radical coupling. Thereby, vinyl triflimides were transformed into a range of α‐quaternary, β‐trifluoromethylated amines in a 1,2‐difunctionalization reaction with no need for external CF3 reagents.
Tuning Acceptor Length in Photocatalytic Donor‐Acceptor Conjugated Polymers for Efficient Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Energy Conversion
Authors: Li Qian , Li Jia , Wang Wen‐Rui , Liu Li‐Na , Xu Zi‐Wen , Xie Guanghui , Li Jingjing , Yao Jianhua , Li Wei‐Shi
Published: July 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The development of conjugated polymer photocatalysts for efficient solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion is highly desirable for the sustainability of our society. Although the construction of donor‐acceptor (D‐A) structure in conjugated polymer photocatalysts for solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion has been well documented, less attention has been paid on how large D and how large A units combined together could achieve the best performance. Herein, a series of D‐A copolymers P(BDT‐DBTSOx) (x = 7, 19, 39, and 79) composed of a benzodithiophene (BDT) donor unit and an oligomeric dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone (DBTSO) acceptor segment were synthesized and studied. It was found that the polymer photocatalytic stabilities under full‐arc irradiation improved upon shortening the length of the acceptor segment. Under visible light irradiation and in the presence of 3 wt% Pt cocatalyst, P(BDT‐DBTSO79) displayed the best performance with an optimal hydrogen evolution rate of 119.3 ± 5.8 mmol·g–1·h–1. This is 1.4‐fold as that of DBTSO homopolymer and 22.5‐fold as that of BDT/DBTSO alternative copolymer, highlighting the importance of acceptor length in D‐A structure for achieving high photocatalytic performance.
Life history analysis with multistate models: A review and some current issues
Authors: Cook Richard J. , Lawless Jerald F.
Published: July 2022

Life history analysis has evolved in the last 50 years as a methodology for analyzing processes associated with human health, education, employment, and other areas. The complexity of many processes, the difficulty of obtaining complete and accurate data, and the increased use of observational data from registries and administrative sources have posed many recent challenges. We review the evolution of life history analysis, discuss some recent work, and consider three areas currently receiving much attention. A theme we stress is the use of expanded models that include selection and observation processes for studies in addition to the life history process of interest. Examples from health research are presented.
Mechanosensory pathways of scorpion pecten hair sensillae—Adjustment of body height and pecten position
Authors: Drozd Denise , Wolf Harald , Stemme Torben
Published: July 2022

Scorpions’ sensory abilities are intriguing, especially the rather enigmatic ventral comb‐like chemo‐ and mechanosensory organs, the so‐called pectines. Attached ventrally to the second mesosomal segment just posterior to the coxae of the fourth walking leg pair, the pectines consist of the lamellae, the fulcra, and a variable number of pecten teeth. The latter contain the bimodal peg sensillae, used for probing the substrate with regard to chemo‐ and mechanosensory cues simultaneously. In addition, the lamellae, the fulcra and the pecten teeth are equipped with pecten hair sensillae (PHS) to gather mechanosensory information. Previously, we have analyzed the neuronal pathway associated with the peg sensillae unraveling their somatotopic projection pattern in dedicated pecten neuropils. Little is known, however, regarding the projections of PHS within the scorpion nervous system. Behavioral and electrophysiological assays showed involvement of PHS in reflexive responses but how the information is integrated remains unresolved. Here, we unravel the innervation pattern of the mechanosensory pecten hair afferents inMesobuthus eupeusandEuscorpius italicus. By using immunofluorescent labeling and injection of Neurobiotin tracer, we identify extensive arborizations of afferents, including (i) ventral neuropils, (ii) somatotopically organized multisegmental sensory tracts, (iii) contralateral branches via commissures, and (iv) direct ipsilateral innervation of walking leg neuromeres 3 and 4. Our results suggest that PHS function as sensors to elicit reflexive adjustment of body height and obstacle avoidance, mediating accurate pecten teeth alignment to guarantee functionality of pectines, which are involved in fundamental capacities like mating or navigation.
Sotrovimab Lowers the Risk of COVID‐19 Related Hospitalization or Death in a Large Population Cohort in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Saheb Sharif‐Askari Fatemeh , Ali Hussain Alsayed Hawra , Tleyjeh Imad , Saheb Sharif‐Askari Narjes , Al Sayed Hussain Ali , Saddik Basema , Hamid Qutayba , Halwani Rabih
Published: July 2022

Sotrovimab, an anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 monoclonal antibody is being utilized to prevent progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Therefore, to understand its benefits, we have conducted a retrospective analysis of all non‐hospitalized patients with symptomatic COVID‐19 who received a single infusion of sotrovimab and/or oral favipiravir at any Dubai COVID‐19 related healthcare center between July 1, 2021, and October 31, 2021. The main outcome was to evaluate the risk of hospitalization for patients with COVID‐19 or all‐cause death within 28 days of treatment initiation. In this analysis, which included 10,882 patients (1,135 in the sotrovimab group, 2,653 in the sotrovimab/favipiravir group, and 7,094 in the favipiravir group), sotrovimab or sotrovimab/favipiravir reduced the risk of hospitalization (13 patients (1.5%) in the sotrovimab group and 71 patients (2.9%) in the sotrovimab/favipiravir group vs. 251 patients (4%) in the favipiravir group; hazard ratio (HR) for sotrovimab: 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.28, P < 0.001; and for sotrovimab/favipiravir, HR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.32–0.56, P < 0.001), or death by day 28 from the start of treatment (no death in the sotrovimab group and 2 deaths in the the sotrovimab/favipiravir group vs. 10 deaths in the favipiravir group; odds ratio: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.81, P = 026). Safety was assessed in all the 3,788 patients in the sotrovimab and sotrovimab/favipiravir groups, and the reported adverse events were by 34 patients (<1%). In conclusion, sotrovimab was found to reduce the risk of progression of COVID‐19 when administrated early to non‐hospitalized patients with symptomatic COVID‐19. No safety concern was detected.
Trends in FDA Transporter‐Based Post‐Marketing Requirements and Commitments Over the Last Decade
Authors: Younis Islam R. , Manchandani Pooja , Hassan Hazem E. , Qosa Hisham
Published: July 2022

Characterizing interactions between new molecular entities (NMEs) and drug transporters is a critical element of drug development that helps in assessing potential transporter‐based drug–drug interactions (DDIs). However, not all NME new drug applications (NDAs) include a full characterization of NMEs transporter‐based DDIs, which necessitates the issuance of post‐marketing requirement (PMR)/post‐marketing commitment (PMC) by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to characterize these potential interactions. The objective of this analysis is to identify trends in transporter‐based PMRs/PMCs issued by the FDA between 2012 and 2021. A decrease in the number of transporter‐based PMRs/PMCs was observed from 2012 to 2016 and an increasing trend in the number of PMRs/PMCs was observed after 2017. The majority of these transporter‐based PMRs/PMCs requested clinical evaluation (48%), some requested in vitro assessment (38%), and 2.5% requested modeling and simulation assessment. Most of the PMRs/PMCs requested evaluation of NMEs as perpetrator with the efflux transporters, P‐gp and/or BCRP (53%). Forty‐eight percent of the PMRs/PMCs were fulfilled with 67% resulted in labeling updates. On average, 2.5 years were needed for the information related to PMRs/PMCs to show in NMEs labeling. In conclusion, this analysis highlights the increased emphasis from the FDA on proper characterization of transporter‐based DDI and call for the need of early characterization of NMEs‐transporters interaction before initial NDA approval.
The potential and realized foraging movements of bees are differentially determined by body size and sociality
Authors: Kendall Liam K. , Mola John M. , Portman Zachary M. , Cariveau Daniel P. , Smith Henrik G. , Bartomeus Ignasi
Published: July 2022

Reversing biodiversity declines requires a better understanding of organismal mobility, as movement processes dictate the scale at which species interact with the environment. Previous studies have demonstrated that species foraging ranges, and therefore, habitat use increases with body size. Yet, foraging ranges are also affected by other life‐history traits, such as sociality, which influence the need of and ability to detect resources. We evaluated the effect of body size and sociality on potential and realized foraging ranges using a compiled dataset of 383 measurements for 81 bee species. Potential ranges were larger than realized ranges and increased more steeply with body size. Highly eusocial species had larger realized foraging ranges than primitively eusocial or solitary taxa. We contend that potential ranges describe species movement capabilities, whereas realized ranges depict how foraging movements result from interactions between species traits and environmental conditions. Furthermore, the complex communication strategies and large colony sizes in highly eusocial species may facilitate foraging over wider areas in response to resource depletion. Our findings should contribute to a greater understanding of landscape ecology and conservation, as traits that influence movement mediate species vulnerability to habitat loss and fragmentation.
The Photocatalytic Oxidation Ability of Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 with Classic β‐Pyrochlore Structure
Authors: Fukina Diana G. , Koryagin Andrey V. , Titaev Dmitry N. , Suleimanov Eugeny V. , Kirillova Natalia I. , Boryakov Aleksey V. , Mitin Aleksandr V.
Published: July 2022

Previously the non‐cubic β‐pyrochlore polycrystalline compounds Rb0.95NbxMo2‐xO6.475‐0.5x (x=1.31–1.663) have been obtained in the ternary system Rb2O‐Nb2O5‐2MoO3. However, using special synthesis condition leads to the formation of cubic Fd‐3m β‐pyrochlore Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 with small size particles and surface area of 15 m2/g. The Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 powder has been investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy with X‐ray microanalysis. The crystal structure refinement has been performed using the Rietveld method. The electronic structure and optical band gap of Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 have been studied in comparison to similar non‐cubic composition Rb0.95Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.66. The photocatalytic properties of Rb0.9Nb1.625Mo0.375O5.62 have been investigated on the example for dyes solution oxidation under UV irradiation. The dependence on the photocatalytic properties of dye type and catalyst mass has been studied. It has been observed that the main oxidative species for dye oxidation is hydroxyl radicals. The phase and composition stability of catalyst powder have been confirmed.
α‐Ketobutyrate Production under Continuous‐Flow Conditions Catalyzed by Immobilized L‐Methionine γ‐Lyase
Authors: Jorge Jessica M. , de M. Silva Marcus V. , Brêda Gabriela C. , de Souza Camilla P. , Leão Raquel A. C. , Almeida Rodrigo V. , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , de Souza Rodrigo O. M. A.
Published: July 2022

l‐Methionine γ‐lyase (MGL) is a PLP‐dependent enzyme which catalyzes the α, γ‐elimination reaction in sulfur containing amino acids, such as L‐methionine and L‐cysteine. Its major applications are on metabolic restriction of methionine to cancer cells, food industry (cheese flavor) and for the synthesis of d and l‐homoalanine. Herein, we present the immobilization and use of this new immobilized biocatalyst under batch and continuous‐flow conditions. The best optimized continuous‐flow condition allowed 89 % conversion in 30 min of residence time with good recyclability of the biocatalyst.
Total Synthesis of Isosilybin B
Authors: Inai Makoto , Ueno Yoshinori , Sagara Hiroto , Ouchi Hitoshi , Yoshimura Fumihiko , Kan Toshiyuki
Published: July 2022

We report the first total synthesis of isosilybin B (4). Our synthetic strategy features the modified Julia‐Kocienski olefination reaction developed in our laboratory between m‐NPT sulfone 19 and aldehyde 27, the construction of benzodihydropyran 34 via formation of a quinomethide intermediate under acidic conditions and the oxidation of benzodihydropyran to flavanonol 37.
Gram‐Scale Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Dinaphthothiepine Bisimides as Soluble Precursors for Perylene Bisimides
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Matsuo Kyohei , Yamada Hiroko , Fukui Norihito , Shinokubo Hiroshi
Published: July 2022

Preparation of organic semiconductors by solution processes is desirable to create flexible electronic devices. The use of soluble precursors, which exhibit high solubility in common organic solvents and afford the corresponding semiconducting molecules upon appropriate external stimuli such as heat and light, is a promising approach to realize this goal. Our group recently reported new soluble precursors, namely dinaphtho[1,8‐bc:1′,8′‐ef]thiepine bisimide (DNTBI) and its sulfoxide, which afforded perylene bisimide, a representative n‐type organic semiconductor, upon heating or light‐irradiation. In this work, we report the second‐generation synthetic route to DNTBI, which enabled gram‐scale and diversity‐oriented preparation of various N‐substituted DNTBIs. We also disclosed the suitable combination of leaving group (S or SO), external stimulus (heat or light), and N‐substituent to realize efficient charge transport.
Sustainable production of healthy, affordable food in theUK: The pros and cons of plasticulture
Authors: Cusworth Samuel J. , Davies William J. , McAinsh Martin R. , Stevens Carly J.
Published: July 2022

An evolving green agenda as the UK seeks to achieve ‘net zero’ in greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, coupled with our new trading relationship with the European Union, is resulting in new government policies, which will be disruptive to Britain's traditional food and farming practices. These policies encourage sustainable farming and land‐sparing to restore natural habitats and will provide an opportunity to address issues such as high emissions of GHGs and dwindling biodiversity resulting from many intensive agricultural practices. To address these and other food challenges such as global conflicts and health issues, Britain will need a revolution in its food system. The aim of this paper is to make the case for such a food revolution where additional healthy food for the UK population is produced in‐country in specialised production units for fruits and vegetables developed on sites previously considered unsuitable for crop production. High crop productivity can be achieved in low‐cost controlled environments, making extensive use of novel crop science and modern controlled‐environment technology. Such systems must be operated with very limited environmental impact. In recent years, growth in the application of plasticulture in UK horticulture has driven some increases in crop yield, quality and value. However, the environmental cost of plastic production and plastic pollution is regarded as a generational challenge that faces the earth system complex. The distribution of plastic waste is ubiquitous, with a significant pollution load arising from a range of agricultural practices. The primary receptor of agriplastic pollution is agricultural soil. Impacts of microplastics on crop productivity and quality and also on human health are only now being investigated. This paper explores the possibility that we can mitigate the adverse environmental effects of agriplastics and thereby exploit the potential of plasticulture to enhance the productivity and positive health impact of UK horticulture.