bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efektivitas Penggunaan Game Based Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Hukum Bacaan Tanwin Siswa Kelas VII SMP
Authors: Wardia Wardia , Setyosari Punaji , Ulfa Saida
Published: February 2023

Game based learning is a form of interactive multimedia that is used to motivate students in learning. This research seeks to improve student learning outcomes in material on the law of reading nun breadfruit/tanwin through interactive multimedia in the form of games. The purpose of this research is to produce a game product with sub-material reading law of Nun Sukun/Tanwin, one of the learning resources in junior high schools that is effective and has a high level of interest so that students are motivated in learning. This study uses the Lee and Owens development model, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Based on the results of trials by media experts and valid material as games for learning and suitable for learning. The hypothesis test showed that there was an average difference between the pretest and posttest scores. The test of increasing student learning outcomes seen from the N-Gain Score of 0.5 is included in the medium category.AbstrakGame based learning  adalah salah satu bentuk multimedia interaktif yang digunakan untuk memotivasi siswa dalam belajar. Penelitian ini berusaha untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi hukum bacaan nun  sukun/tanwin melalui multimedia interaktif berbentuk game. Tujuan penelitian ini menghasilkan sebuah produk game dengan sub materi hukum bacaan Nun Sukun/Tanwin salah satu sumber belajar di SMP yang  efektif serta memiliki tingkat kemenarikan yang tinggi agar siswa termotivasi dalam belajarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan Lee dan Owens yaitu analisis, desain, pengembangan, implementasi, serta evaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba ahli media dan materi valid sebagai game untuk belajar dan layak digunakan untuk pembelajaran. Uji hipotesis menunjukkan ada perbedaan rata-rata antara skor pretest dan posttest. Uji peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dilihat dari N-Gain Score 0,5 termasuk dalam kategori sedang
Potential of Accurate Online Learning Platform Integration in University
Authors: Sidharta Ervan , Kowinto Susanti , Hidayat Dylmoon
Published: February 2023

In the 21st century, where technology develops rapidly, and during pandemic COVID-19 where distance learning relies on internet, online education technology in form of online learning platform has very big potential. University as education institution has the role to be the motor of innovation. Accurate integration of online learning platform is important to make sure all students, lecturers, and even the university itself to experience the benefit. This literature study aims to describe the accurate integration of online learning platform together with its potential caused by the accuracy, both positive and negative. It was found that by considering the learning objectives and strategies together with the capabilities of the students and lecturers, learning can be effective, creative, interactive, collaborative, meaningful, and valuable. The alumnus also equipped with 21st century skill and become a good digital citizen. Without accurate integration, learning activities will just waste the time and modals spent. Lecturers and students cannot perform optimally and can lead to depression. University also potentially only produce alumnus who are good intellectually but without good emotional intelligence. Online learning platform relies on internet and has a lot of features that must be integrated accurately to support learning.Abstrak Pada abad ke-21, teknologi berkembang dengan pesat, dan di tengah pandemi COVID-19 dimana pembelajaran jarak jauh menggunakan jaringan internet, teknologi pendidikan dalam bentuk platform pembelajaran daring memiliki potensi yang besar. Universitas menjadi sebagai institusi pendidikan bertugas menjadi motor penggerak inovasi. Integrasi platform pembelajaran daring yang akurat penting untuk memastikan para mahasiswa, dosen, sampai universitas itu sendiri merasakan manfaatnya. Studi literatur ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana mengintegrasikan platform pembelajaran daring secara akurat beserta potensi positif dan negatif sebagai akibat keakuratan tersebut. Ditemukan bahwa dengan mempertimbangkan tujuan dan strategi pembelajaran, juga kemampuan setiap dosen dan mahasiswa, pembelajaran dapat menjadi efektif, kreatif, interaktif, kolaboratif, bermakna dan bernilai. Para lulusan juga diperlengkapi dengan keterampilan abad-21 dan menjadi warga digital yang baik. Tanpa integrasi yang akurat, kegiatan pembelajaran akan menyita waktu sia-sia dan membuang-buang modal yang digunakan. Para dosen dan mahasiswa juga tidak dapat menunjukkan kinerja maksimalnya dan bahkan dapat berujung depresi. Universitas pun hanya menghasilkan mahasiswa yang hanya pintar secara intelektual tanpa kecerdasan emosional yang baik. Platform pembelajaran daring bergantung pada internet dan memiliki banyak fitur yang perlu diintegrasikan secara akurat untuk mendukung pembelajaran.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Jawi Untuk Mahasiswa Baru Luar Jawa Di Universitas Negeri Malang
Authors: Alfianito Muhammad Syahrul , Firmansyah Danny , Kanugrahan Awal Ciptaning , Ramdhani Gilang Obidia , Aufa Muhammad Izul , Kurniawan Bakhrul Rizky
Published: February 2023

Language is one element that plays an important role in human life, including regional languages. Javanese language itself is a regional language on the island of Java which is needed as a tool to communicate in the family, community, and education environment. Many people outside Java come to Java, especially students studying in Java. Indirectly, immigrant students in Java must be able to adapt well to the surrounding environment. This study aims to explain the process of developing JAWI applications for new students outside Java at the State University of Malang using the ADDIE approach. The research method used is the Research and Development method with the ADDIE development model. Based on the validation results from material experts, media experts, and student responses to the JAWI application, it can be concluded that the JAWI application is feasible to use.AbstrakBahasa adalah salah satu unsur yang berperan penting dalam kehidupan manusia, tidak terkecuali bahasa daerah. Bahasa Jawa sendiri merupakan bahasa daerah di Pulau Jawa yang sangat dibutuhkan sebagai alat untuk berkomunikasi di lingkungan keluarga, masyarakat, maupun pendidikan. Banyak masyarakat luar Jawa datang ke Jawa, terutama mahasiswa yang menempuh pendidikan di Jawa. Secara tidak langsung, mahasiswa pendatang di Jawa harus bisa beradaptasi secara baik dengan lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan proses pengembangan aplikasi JAWI untuk mahasiswa baru luar Jawa di Universitas Negeri Malang dengan menggunakan pendekatan ADDIE. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode Research and Development dengan model pengembangan ADDIE. Berdasarkan hasil validasi dari ahli materi, ahli media, serta respon mahasiswa terhadap aplikasi JAWI dapat dismpulkan bahwasanya aplikasi JAWI layak untuk digunakan.
Keterampilan Belajar Mandiri Pebelajar Program Ilmu Sosial Kelas 11 Saat Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Nurlia Agnes Cristin Ari , Kristin Kristin , Lukas Samuel , Sepsiati Sisilia Fitri
Published: February 2023

The pandemic caused changes in learning at XYZ school. The schools set synchronous and asynchronous methods to train students’ self regulation in learning. However, there were still students who experienced obstacles in terms of self regulation. It became the background of this research to measure the self regulation of 11th grade students at XYZ school. This study aimed to produce a good measuring instrument for evaluating students’ self regulation skills, knowing students’ self regulation level, and finding if there any relation between students’ gender and their self regulation among 11th grade high school students in social science programs during online learning. This study used quantitative methods with data collection techniques using a closed questionnaire using a Likert scale. The data from the questionnaire were tested for validity, reliability, and normality data. Furthermore, hypothesis testing was using mean test and chi square correlation test. The results of this study found that the measuring instrument in the form of a questionnaire with 12 statement items were all valid and reliable. The level of students’ self regulation skills was in the medium to high category and there was a relationship between student’s gender and their self regulation. Initiatives, strategies, and learning evaluation had a positive impact on students' self regulation skills.AbstrakPandemi menyebabkan perubahan dalam pembelajaran di sekolah XYZ. Sekolah menetapkan metode sinkronus dan asinkronus untuk melatih kemandirian peserta didik. Namun demikian masih ditemukan peserta didik yang mengalami kendala dalam hal kemandirian belajar. Hal ini yang melatarbelakangi penelitian untuk mengukur kemandirian belajar peserta didik kelas 11 sekolah XYZ. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan alat ukur yang baik untuk mengukur keterampilan kemandirian belajar, mengetahui tingkat keterampilan kemandirian belajar, serta mengetahui apakah adanya hubungan antara gender dan kemandirian belajar peserta didik kelas 11 program ilmu sosial di sekolah XYZ dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner pertanyaan tertutup menggunakan skala Likert. Data hasil kuesioner diuji validitas, reliabilitas, dan normalitas data. Selanjutnya, pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji mean, uji korelasi chi square. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa alat ukur berupa instrumen dalam bentuk kuesioner dengan 12 item pernyataan semua valid dan reliabel. Tingkat keterampilan kemandirian belajar peserta didik masuk kategori sedang dan terdapat hubungan antara gender dengan keterampilan kemandiri belajar peserta didik. Inisiatif, strategi, dan evaluasi belajar berpengaruh positif terhadap keterampilan kemandirian belajar peserta didik.
Kısıtlı Su Stresi Altında Yağ Gülü (Rosa x damascena Mill.) Fidanlarının Morfolojik Tepkileri ile Toplam Klorofil ve Fenolik Içeriklerinin Değişimi
Authors: TİRYAKİ Tugba , YILDIRIM Fatma , ÇELİK Civan
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmada, su stresin altında yağ gülü (Rosa x damascena Mill.) fidanlarında meydana gelen morfolojik ve biyokimyasal değişimlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Üç farklı sulama seviyesi, serada polietilen tüpler içerisinde bulunan bir yaşlı yağ gülü fidanlarına sekiz hafta boyunca uygulanmıştır. Bunlar; kontrol olarak tam sulama (saksı tarla kapasitesinin (STK) %100’ü) ve iki farklı seviyede kısıtlı su uygulaması (STK’nin %50'si ve STK’nin %25'i). Eksilen su miktarı her 3 günde bir verilmiştir. Çalışmada deneme sonunda; fidan boyu, sürgün sayısı, gövde çapı, yaprak alanı ve SPAD değerleri ölçülmüştür. Denemenin 35., 57. ve 75. günlerinde yapraklarda klorofil a, klorofil b, klorofil a+b, toplam fenolik madde ve toplam flavonoid içerikleri analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilere göre fidan boyu ve yaprak SPAD değerleri kontrol uygulamasında (%100 SK) nispeten yüksek (sırasıyla 74.13 cm ve 40.86) saptanmıştır. En yüksek sürgün sayısı %25 SK uygulamasında (1.55 adet/bitki) belirlenmiştir. %50 STK ve %25 STK uygulamaları kontrol uygulamaya göre her üç analiz döneminde de klorofil a, klorofil b ve klorofil a + b, toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid içeriklerini önemli ölçüde düşürmüştür. 35. gün analiz sonuçlarına göre 75. gün analizlerinde klorofil içerikleri korunurken, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerinde azalma saptanmıştır.
Mentha pulegium extracts showed strong antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects in vitro.
Authors: DALKILIÇ Semih , KADIOĞLU DALKILIÇ Lütfiye , FİDAN Songül , TİMURKAAN Mustafa , UYGUR Lütfü , AKAY Gökhan , KORKMAZ İsmail
Published: February 2023

Mentha pulegium is a medicinally important and well-known plant and used for various purposes such as medicinal, nutritional and spice. We are analyzed to observe the antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of M. pulegium extracts in this study. The antimicrobial activity of M. pulegium was tested using the agar well method. MIC, MBC and antimicrobial activity were tested on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25322), Bacillus megaterium (DSM32) and Candida albicans (FMC17) microorganisms. Clindamycin (2 µg) and Amoxicillin (30 µg) were used as positive control and Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as negative control. Cytotoxic activity of extracts at different concentrations obtained from solvents such as acetone, chloroform and methanol using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test method; µg/ml cytotoxic activity and cell death patterns after exposure to different concentrations of the extracts on human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), human pancreatic cancer (PANC1), human ovarian cancer (OVCAR3) and human lung cancer (A549) cell lines determined accordingly. As a result, it was determined that M. pulegium extract has a strong antimicrobial activity spectrum and cytotoxic effect.
An Analysis of Afghanistan's Postwar Condition and How to Use AI Technology to Address It
Authors: Cao Tianyi
Published: February 2023

In August 2021, President Biden announced the withdrawal of the US army from Afghanistan. As the final armed force withdrew on August 30th, 2021, the long-term direct interference of the US army in Afghanistan ended. Since the Afghanistan War in 2001, US-led forces have sought to eliminate insurgencies and reestablish social and political orders. In the past 20 years, the US has spent considerable effort and funds to assist in the recovery and development of Afghanistan. The reappearance of the Taliban in power in Afghanistan and the retreat of US forces from the nation revealed that all the efforts the US had previously made did not meet the expectation they should have. Thus, the inefficiency of counterinsurgency in Afghanistan could be a sign that the currently existing methods might not be able to provide an effective solution for the situation in Afghanistan. Inspired by the development of novel technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, this article argues that the current usage and development of such technologies can foreshadow possible solutions to Afghanistan's various problems.
Desarrollo Sostenible y el Desafío del Control Fiscal Ambiental
Authors: Escudero Aranda Gustavo Adolfo , Díaz Garzón Andrea Janneth , Montes Arrieta Mara Margarita , Galeano Ortiz Germán Andrés
Published: February 2023

Posterior a la entrada en vigencia de la Constitución Política de  Colombia de 1991, nace como pilar fundamental en lo que respecta a la protección del medio ambiente,  una   preocupación del legislador por establecer una eficiente vigilancia de la gestión fiscal del Estado, coadyuvada por algunos organismos que tienen como función principal, la de realizar un seguimiento permanente al recurso Público, sin oponibilidad de reserva legal  para el acceso de la información, cimentado en la eficiencia, economía, equidad, desarrollo sostenible y el verificado cumplimiento del principio de valoración de costos ambientales.

Pese a que existe en Colombia, una gran cantidad de normas  que tienen como fin último, el de proteger el bien jurídico más preciado, el medio ambiente, se destacará mediante lo observado en la presente investigación,  con datos extraídos de los sistemas de rendición de cuenta de la Auditoría General de la República - AGR (SIA MISIONAL 2018-2021) , de informes tanto de  la Contraloría General de la República (CGR 2018-2020) como de las Contralorías Territoriales , que el control fiscal ambiental no ha sido aplicado eficientemente, respecto  de  los distintos tipos de  recursos naturales. Esto es, agua, aire, biodiversidad, o el suelo.  Por lo tanto, se incrementa con ello, la problemática ambiental del país.
Sistemas de radio sobre fibra y redes 5G: perspectiva y aplicaciones
Authors: Peñaranda Villalba Valentina , Puerto López Karla Cecilia , Ramírez Mateus Jhon Jairo
Published: February 2023

Este documento presenta una investigación exhaustiva de los avances que han tenido los sistemas de radio sobre fibra en el ámbito mundial en los últimos años, conociendo de una mejor manera sus aplicaciones y generalidades. Esta revisión también contiene información sobre los diseños de un sistema de comunicación óptico, redes 5G, entre otros. Adicionalmente, estos sistemas de radio han tenido un gran impacto en la actualidad a causa de sus múltiples beneficios, ya que cuentan con una atenuación de 0,2 dB/km. Finalmente, este artículo permite observar la necesidad de cubrir las líneas de investigación referentes a esta temática, para estar a la vanguardia en la evolución tecnológica del mundo.
Ecological Impacts of Anthropogenic Fire in Southwestern Ohio, USA, Documented from Public Land Survey Records from 1802 and 1803
Authors: Nolin David
Published: February 2023

Public Land Survey System (PLSS) data collected in 1802 and 1803 were analyzed to evaluate the impacts of anthropogenic fire on pre-Euro-American settlement plant communities within a 50,193 ha (194-square-mile) study area east of what is now Dayton, Ohio. Surveyor data were converted to digital point, line, and polygon files using ArcMap software and mapped with some interpolation based on contemporary GIS data layers including topography, soil moisture, soil type, and Quaternary geology. Sixty-one percent of the study area was covered with woody and non-woody plant communities that are known to be shaped and/or maintained by long-term exposure to surface fires of varying intensities and frequencies: oak-hickory forest, oak woodland, oak savanna, oak barrens, and mesic prairie. Prairies and barrens were concentrated adjacent to the corridors of the Mad River and the Little Miami River and their major tributaries, while oak woodlands were concentrated in adjacent uplands. Oak-sugar maple forest covered an additional 29% of the study area, a community that was interpreted to be pyrophilic oak forest transitioning to mesophytic/ pyrophobic forest in the long-term absence of fire.
Cyberapprentissage en pédagogie médicale : l’internet va-t-il un jour remplacer les professeurs?
Authors: Jalali Alireza , Jeong Dahn , MacLeod Anna , Archibald Douglas
Published: February 2023

Le cyberapprentissage facilite l’accès en ligne à des ressources pédagogiques, partout et en tout temps. Il peut être utilisé à divers niveaux, comme dans le cadre de l’enseignement de nouveaux concepts, de la simulation, de l’évaluation et du travail collaboratif. Les outils de cyberapprentissage sont aussi excellents pour susciter la participation des apprenants et favoriser l’apprentissage actif. Dans cet article, les auteurs discuteront des différents outils du cyberapprentissage et des cinq étapes de la conception pédagogique en cyberapprentissage, à savoir la définition, la conception, la création, la distribution et la démonstration, puis ils articuleront les meilleures méthodes d’évaluation de l’efficacité de ces outils.
In vitro anti-estrogenic potential of FertiZen-R™- a nutraceutical ingredient for estrogen modulation
Authors: Gadani Mihir , Upadhyay Ratna , Raut Supriya , Badak Sneha
Published: February 2023

Background: According to CDC, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is responsible for infertility in women with 6-12% incidences all over the world. The current treatment options available have several side effects such as amenorrhea and obesity amongst others. Dietary interventions such as non-estrogenic and androgen-suppressing foods along with nutraceutical products is considered for treating PCOS with minimum side effects. One such product of Zenherbs lab called FertiZen-R™ is a combination of three phytochemicals from three plants viz., Foeniculum vulgare, Linum Usitatissimum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, hibiscus extract and is developed as a product to treat and control PCOS.
Methods: The FertiZen-R™ was quantified for the presence of phytochemicals such as glycyrrhizic acid, polyphenols, and saponins. It was further tested for estrogenic/anti-estrogenic potential on estrogen-positive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) using an E-Screen assay.
Results: The FertiZen-R™ showed presence of 5% glycyrrhizinic acid, 5% saponins, and 2-3% polyphenols. It exhibited a strong anti-estrogenic potential with 40-50% inhibition from concentrations as low as 0.156 mg/ml like tamoxifen (IC50 at 0.156 mg/ml), while inositol, a natural growth promoter, showed no effect on the cell viability.
Conclusions: FertiZen-R™ showed anti-estrogenic potential when tested in-vitro and can be used to treat PCOS in women even with ER-positive breast cancer cells. However, clinical studies to determine the dosage are required to warrant the potential of FertiZen-R™.
Assessment on serum CRP and serum ferritin level in COVID-19 patients of Dehradun Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Arya Samiksha , Maqsood Tariq , Ushmani Rana , Prakash Ved , Biswas Sunny , Dar M. Abass
Published: February 2023

Background: Since being declared a global pandemic, COVID-19 has ravaged many countries worldwide and has over-whelmed many healthcare systems. The pandemic has also resulted in the loss of livelihoods due to prolonged shutdowns, which have had a rippling effect on the global economy. Even though substantial progress in clinical research has led to a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and the management of COVID-19, limiting the continuing spread of this virus and its variants has become an issue of increasing concern, as SARS-CoV-2 continues to wreak havoc across the world, with many countries enduring a second or third wave of out-breaks of this viral illness attributed mainly due to the emergence of mutant variants of the virus. Our study tried to evaluate the fact regarding CRP and feritin parameters concentration efficacy in the detection and evaluation of inflammatory disorders, tissue injury and infections.
Methods: CRP concentration measurements are useful in the detection and evaluation of inflammatory disorders, tissue injury and infections. The VITROS CRP slide method is performed using the VITROS 5600 integrated system. The VITROS CRP slide is a multi-layered, analytical element coated on a polyester support. The immune-rate format for CRP is based on enzymatic heterogeneous, sandwich immunoassay format. In this format a derivative of phosphorylcholine (PC) is covalently bound to polystyrene polymer beads and in the presence of calcium serves as a capture agent, monoclonal anti-CRP antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) serves as a signal generator.
Results: A total of 175 patients were selected for the study for estimate levels of C-reactive protein and serum ferritin in COVID-19 patients. The data obtained was coded and entered into Microsoft Excel Worksheet. Data was analysed and results were tabulated. In our study, serum CRP and serum ferritin values were found to be elevated in patients infected with COVID-19.
Conclusions: CRP levels were positively correlated with lung lesions. CRP levels could reflect disease severity and should be used as a key indicator for disease monitoring. Serum ferritin was found to be elevated among the COVID-19 patients who could not survive the treatment as compared to the recovered patients. Therefore, serum concentrations of ferritin could be used as a prognostic marker in the management of COVID-19 patients which is easily available and cost effective too.
Serum 25-OH vitamin D and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Chandra Savita , Ansari Arshi
Published: February 2023

Background: This was a prospective case control study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital from November 2018 to March 2020. Aim was to find whether there was a link between serum 25-OH vitamin D levels, and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).
Methods: 30 newly diagnosed cases of PCOS and 30 women without PCOS were enrolled. Their clinical details as well as BMI and waist hip ratio were noted. The biochemical parameters which were measured included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, serum 25-OH vitamin D. The insulin resistance was calculated.
Results: 50% of the PCOS had insulin resistance and also deficient /or insufficient vitamin D levels, versus 16.7% in the control group. This association was statistically highly significant with p value as 0.00016. No statistical significance was found with regard to the mean serum 25-OH vitamin D level. 53.4%, of the PCOS women had hirsutism versus 3.3% in the control group and was statistically significant, p value <0.0001. 20% of   PCOS women had acne in contrast to 3.3% in the control group which was statistically significant with p value 0.0443.
Conclusions: Hirsutism and acne were important clinical signs of PCOS. There was a negative correlation between insulin resistance and serum 25-OH vitamin D levels. Thus, vitamin D may be an important link in the genesis of PCOS. Larger randomised case control studies need to be done to understand PCOS.
Comparative study of ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic and histopathological findings in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Wani Iram , Ain Syed Najmul , Chalkoo Jabeena Ali
Published: February 2023

Background: AUB (Abnormal uterine bleeding) is a considerable health care burden not only for women but their families and has a definite effect on their quality of life. Objective was to compare the ultrasonographic, hysteroscopic and histopathological findings in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, from July 2018 to June 2019. The women who came to the OPD with the complaint of AUB in the one year period and met the eligibility criteria were taken for the study. TVS was performed in 126 patients presenting with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding followed by hysteroscopic biopsy or curettage. The specimens were sent for histopathologic examination.
Results: Mean age was 43.95±8.48 years. Most common presenting complaint was found to be menorrhagia (n=53; 42%) followed by post-menopausal bleeding (n=30, 24.0%). The mean endometrial thickness was 9.79±4.84 mm. The diagnostic specifications of TVS taking histopathological examination as gold standard were: sensitivity = 64/77= 83.1%, specificity 39%, positive predictive value 68%, negative predictive value 59% and accuracy 66%. Hysteroscopy has a sensitivity of 87%, specificity of 51%, positive predictive value of 74%, negative predictive value of 71.4% and diagnostic accuracy of 73% in diagnosing aetiology of abnormal uterine bleeding.
Conclusions: Both TVS and hysteroscopy are good diagnostic modalities for investigation of AUB. However, hysteroscopy has an edge over TVS in diagnosing aetiology of AUB in terms of high sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value.
A comparative study of twenty-five micrograms oral versus vaginal misoprostol for labour induction at term
Authors: Sudheera Yandapalli , Mubeena Shaik , Myneedi Vineela
Published: February 2023

Background: Many societies from primitive to the modern, have been interested in, the ability to induce labour. The majority of women’s labours begins spontaneously and end in a normal vaginal delivery at or near term. Labour induction is often required due to medical or obstetric complications during pregnancy. This procedure has the potential to provide significant maternal and perinatal advantages.
Methods: Cases for this study were collected from the Narayana Medical College and Hospital Nellore between January 2021 and December 2022. Informed consent was obtained from 100 pregnant women with indications for induction of labour in the third trimester, who were divided into two groups of 50 each for the oral and vaginal routes. The study was conducted after taking approval from institute ethics committee.
Results: A total of 100 individuals were included in the trial, with each group of 50 receiving either oral or vaginal misoprostol 25mcg, 4th hr upto a maximum of 6 doses. In the vaginal misoprostol and oral misoprostol group, Primigravida required more doses of oxytocin compared to multigravida.
Conclusions: Vaginal misoprostol had lesser induction-delivery interval, lesser c-section rates than oral misoprostol. Therefore, misoprostol when administered vaginally has higher efficacy than oral route. The increased efficacy of misoprostol raises the possibility of a local cervical effect, when administered vaginally.
Popular science articles about animals: Speech genre characteristics and their dynamics (based on the Soviet press of the 20th century and publications in Runet of the 21st century)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Dementyev Vadim V.
Published: February 2023

The article carries out a comparative genre analysis of popular science articles about animals in the Soviet press of the 20th century, and in the Runet of the 21st century. The research is based on a model that includes the following items: animal; author and addressee; society (community of readers of the article about animals) and the state of literature; language. It is shown that the image of an animal in the article about animals is represented by a number of narrative plots: appearance; nutrition; intraspecific relationships; the birth of the young ones; attitude towards a human, which, being universal, reveal a certain dynamics in details. The image of the reader of the article about animals is also relevant: in the 20th century they were presented as a “simple Soviet person” (tendency for self-education, optimism), in the 21st century – a layman observert, in many ways reminiscent of a tourist: their attitude towards the described animals is characterized by superficial curiosity, a share of indifference, non-involvement, non-empathy, however, not excluding sentimentality. As for the dynamics of the article about animals as a speech genre, the most significant changes are the changes in the state of society / literature: “Soviet society ∼ capitalist society”, “pre-Internet literature ∼ Internet literature”. In particular, the Soviet manner of expression, which was restraint, optimistic and humanistic, is changing to permissiveness bordering on dissoluteness, pedaling “the bottom” and agonal plots. Among the linguistic means of expression in the articles about animals, the author focuses on the method of personification (the similarity of an animal to a human), which at all stages of the development of the article about animals is both a constant factor of the additional interest in the animal and a source of a number of productive models of metaphorization. The main sources of “humanizations”, specific images and precedent texts in the articles about animals are art, fiction, cinema, estrade, etc., in modern times – a new mythology created by “Hollywood-Disney”.
An Internet comment as a speech genre: Axiological aspect
Authors:   Saratov State University, Viktorova Elena Yu. , Panteeva Ksenia V. ,   Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov
Published: February 2023

The article presents the analysis of evaluation in the speech genre “Internet comment” and focuses on the ways and means of its expression. The research is based on the comments on Instagram (organization banned on the territory of the Russian Federation) posts about sports, namely figure skating. The authors of the article define two relevant factors determining axiological characteristics of the Internet comment: anonymity of Internet communication and the desire of many users to stand out from other commentators. The anonymity factor leads to a more frequent use of negative evaluation and more explicit ways of its expression: online communication gives users more freedom in expressing their opinions. Since for many people expressing their opinion is equivalent to expressing disagreement with an opposite point of view, negative evaluation in the analyzed Internet comments significantly prevails over positive evaluation. Furthermore, anonymous and remote communication in cyberspace provides a suitable environment for criticizing other people’s ideas neglecting etiquette rules obligatory for face-to-face communication. The general tendency towards rather negative attitudes in the analyzed Internet comments results in more various means of expressing negative evaluation compared with the ones of expressing positive evaluation because users criticizing an Internet post may try to find more original ways of articulating their views. Thus, the research revealed that positive evaluation is mostly expressed with the help of evaluative vocabulary whereas negative evaluation in the analyzed comments can be also expressed by means of specific vocabulary as well as rhetorical questions, rhetorical exclamations, metaphors, neologisms. Indirect means of expressing evaluation can draw more attention to a comment, foster linguistic persuasion which finally helps the author of an Internet comment stand out from the crowd.
Strengthening Government and Community Institutions in Disaster Communication in Kesugihan Sub-District, Cilacap District: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ganjar Runtiko Agus , Muslicha Evawani , Santoso Edi , Pangestuti Sri , Sambodo Herman
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has entered its third year and seems to be nearing its end. The COVID-19 disaster provides many life lessons for society, nation, and state. One of the takeaways from the COVID-19 disaster is improving how humans communicate during a disaster. This paper is part of the research results during the response and recovery phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Kesugihan sub-district. This study interviewed leaders of government institutions and FGDs with community leaders in the Kesugihan sub-district, comprising 32 informants. The most important finding in the research is the importance of social capital in fostering solidarity so that cooperation is established between government agencies and community institutions in dealing with disasters and eliminating obstacles.
Keywords: communication, disaster, community, government, COVID-19
The Bureaucratization of Collaborative Governance in Realizing Tourism Villages during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Winduaji Village, Paguyangan Brebes
Authors: . Tobirin , Rokhman Ali , Indiahono Dwiyanto , Dadan Sulyana
Published: February 2023

The development of nature-based tourism that can be used as a way of empowering rural communities during the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to be a solution to improve the economic conditions of the community. The problem is that the village does not have the same perspective in developing nature-based tourism villages. As a result of this, various problems arise in the development of natural tourism. This study aims to analyze the collaborative governance process in building tourist villages, their problems, and solutions. The research method is descriptive qualitative, with the process of collecting data through in-depth interviews, observations, and FGDs. The results showed that collaboration between stakeholders often leads to horizontal conflicts, awareness of the COVID-19 process is difficult to build in tourism development, and collaborative governance is more bureaucratic. This research can conclude that the development of nature-based tourism is a solution during the COVID-19 pandemic, but building public awareness of the importance of COVID-19 health protocols in tourism services is an obstacle. In addition, the bureaucratization of the collaboration process of governance hinders the development of natural tourism.
Keywords: tourism village, collaborative governance, COVID-19 pandemic
THE LEGACY OF SYMBOLISM: ON EVOLUTION OF ITS RECEPTION BY ACMEISTS
Authors: Minnullin Oleg R.
Published: February 2023

The article analyzes a number of poems by Acmeists, representative for the philosophical and aesthetic foundations and poetics of this movement in the Russian poetry of the Silver Age. The research attention is focused on reception dynamics, in particular, the legacy of symbolism, by the poets of the acmeistic direction. Acmeism in the study is interpreted, first of all, as post-symbolism: philosophical-aesthetic and purely artistic achievements of the older poetic movement of Symbolists became a foundation for their own artistic achievements. The Acmeists’ break up with the Symbolists was never absolute. The declared opposition to Symbolism left great opportunities for attraction and reliance on previous practicies and their direct use in the process of cultural and artistic transmission. Creative strategies of Symbolism have always continued to exist within the frame of the Acmeists’ activity, and since the 1920s sometimes they even determined the nature of their art. The article analyzes in detail the selected poems by A. Akhmatova, N. Gumilev, G. Ivanov, and G. Adamovich. In the article it is established that among the “younger” acmeists (G. Ivanov and G. Adamovich), compared with the older ‘Guild poets’ (N. Gumilev and A. Akhmatova), the attraction to the creative principles approved by the Symbolist poets is increasing. Representatives of the younger acmeist group can be defined as “those who overcame Acmeism” (in analogy with the well-known title of the article by V.M. Zhirmunsky “Those who overcame Symbolism”). The essence of this overcoming consists in removing the fundamental opposition of aesthetic attitudes and poetics of two movements: the symbolist impulse to the transcendent, supported by the corresponding poetic language, and the acmeistic requirement for the tangibility, convexity, material and bodily “heaviness” of the artistic image.
Etyka maklera w świetle polskiego prawa giełdowego okresu 1921–1939
Authors: Marks Bogusław Piotr
Published: February 2023

The stock exchange is regarded as one of the key institutions of market economy. Stockbrokers were a truly essential group of workers of the stock exchanges. It was on the level of their organization and professional ethics that depended the level of efficient functioning of this institution. The basic law regulations, orders and stock charters were traced in this paper as well as – essential for exchanges – different documents, which marked principles of stockbrokers’ activity. These principles were considered from the point of view of the ethical norms establishing the contemporary ethics of economic life. My special attention was concentrated on these principles of stockbrokers’ activities which concern the way of their appointing, rights as well as duties. „Ethical aspects” of stockbrokers’ activity on the Polish stock-exchanges were traced for the period from acceptation, in 1921, the first in independent Poland Act of exchanges organization to the outbreak of World War II. Except stock exchanges which were formed during the Period of the Partitions of Poland (in Warsaw and Lodz), and which resumed their activities after World War I, the new ones were created when Poland had regained its independence. Stock exchanges – except the above-mentioned – were organized in Cracow, Poznan, Vilnius and in Lvov. In initial period of the second Republic of Poland acted six commodities exchanges too. The comparatively quick unification of exchange law by the government of independent Poland was the expression of understanding the importance which was fulfilled (not only) in economy by the institution of stock exchange. In turn, issuing separate regulations for stockbrokers was proof of high position held by this group in the structure of the basic organs of a stock exchange.
Etyka w działalności organizacji pozarządowych
Authors: Lichwiarz Justyna
Published: February 2023

NGOs are an important component of democratic society. The specificity of the system based on the participation of citizens provides the possibility of association of individuals to perform the duties of a socially useful. Isolation of the third sector, despite its unquestioned role in society, carries the risk of fraud-related manufacturing sphere of disposing of public funds and foreign, communicated through competitions. Any formulated opinions were based on existing literature and on experience, systematic observations using a questionnaire. The article raised questions were formal, reflecting the legal position and market the third sector and ethical issues, revealing the dilemmas posed to the members of the organization. The most valuable source allows the evaluation of NGO, are according to the author's informal discussions. Indeed, they reveal the real motives that lead individuals to activity in the third sector, which is to be ideologically-profit area. In the course of scientific inquiry, the hypothesis was formulated concerning the relationship between the systems of organization leaders and their tendency to dispose of property unfairly. Moreover, the observed phenomenon of formation of categories of nouveau riche who are using its intellectual potential, they see the organization of project activities, multiplying the sources of private capital.
Nowa emerytura jako element warunkujący godny poziom życia
Authors: Klimkiewicz Aldona
Published: February 2023

One way of showing respect for human dignity is providing people with a suitable level of income security. This respect can be manifested by establishing a certain financial minimum that will allow people to function independently in society and use the opportunities offered by civilisation. The awareness of the above gives special meaning to the level of incomes obtained by the elderly. The fact that pensions are the primary resource for the population to meet its financial needs makes the pension insurance solutions particularly important, especially the formula used for calculating the amount of a future pension. Its final amount will affect the pensioner’s standard of living, enabling them to enjoy the same quality of life they had in the period of economic activity or gradually causing impoverishment. The levels of future pensions depend on factors related to the systemic solutions, but pensioner’s personal characteristics also exert strong influence on their amounts. With the responsibility for having decent incomes after retirement being transferred to the insured themselves, it has become necessary to promote pension awareness (the knowledge of how the new system works) that translates into pension prudence prompting people to reduce voluntarily their current consumption in favour of future consumption. The public need to understand that the income replacement rate will be high only for few of the insured persons, i.e. those boasting high earnings and long, unbroken periods of economic activity. People with poorer records of economic activity will draw lower pensions that will not always allow them to live decent lives after retirement.
Propuesta de evaluación aplicada al tema de Curvas y Superficies en el Espacio bajo el contexto de la virtualización por la pandemia de la COVID-19 en un curso de Geometría Analítica para la Enseñanza de la Matemática
Authors: Rodríguez Rodríguez Jesús , Arias Navarro Eduardo Alonso
Published: February 2023

En la siguiente investigación  educativa se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir de una propuesta de evaluación en el tema de superficies y curvas en el espacio mediante la construcción de modelos tridimensionales para las piezas de un tablero de ajedrez con superficies cuádricas en un curso de Geometría Analítica para la carrera de Enseñanza de la Matemática de la Sede de Occidente de la Universidad de Costa Rica como parte de una estrategia didáctica adaptada al nuevo enfoque del modelo educativo de virtualización  por lo acontecido con la declaratoria del COVID-19. Este estudio responde a una investigación experimental implementada por una prueba conceptual aplicada como pretest y postest para validar la propuesta bajo modelos de aprendizaje como el factor de Bao & Redish así como el método dicotómico de Rasch. Además, se implementó un cuestionario para validar aspectos representativos expuestos por los estudiantes del curso que fueron esenciales para el proceso investigativo.
Formulation of the final clinical, pathological, forensic diagnosis, selection and coding according to ICD-10 of the original cause of death in lethal outcomes associated with pathology of transplanted organs
Authors: Svishcheva P. O. , Kanibolotskiy A. A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction. When compiling the final clinical, pathoanatomical and forensic diagnoses, as well as choosing and coding according to ICD-10 the initial cause of death in patients after organ transplantation, difficulties often arise due to the lack of unified recommendations.

Materials and methods. We analyzed 60 protocols of post-mortem autopsies of lethal outcomes in patients after organ transplantation at the Sklifosovsky Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Moscow for 7 years (from 2016 to 2022).

Results. Based on the results of the analysis, taking into account the literature data, recommendations were formulated on the formulation of the final clinical, pathoanatomical and forensic diagnoses, selection and coding according to ICD-10 of the initial cause of death in patients after solid organ transplantation.

Findings. The developed recommendations on the formulation of the final clinical, pathoanatomical and forensic diagnoses in cases of death of patients after solid organ transplantation can be used in the daily practice of clinical doctors, pathologists and forensic experts.
Keabsahan Tindakan Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan dalam Pelaksanaan Subsidi Bunga atau Margin
Authors: Mubarok Ahmad Zaky
Published: February 2023

Abstract
This article aims to determine and analyze the legitimacy of actions relating to the authority of the Directorate General of Treasury in implementing the Interest or Margin Subsidy. Interest or Margin subsidy is one form of the National Economic Recovery (PEN) program. This type of research uses doctrinal research methods by approaching laws and regulations and legal concepts. Legality has a scope, namely authority, substance and procedure. As one of the scope of validity of government acts. An act of government is invalid if there is a defect in authority, substance and procedure. The Directorate General of Treasury is appointed as the Proxy User of the interest or margin subsidy budget. The Directorate General of Treasury carries out two functions simultaneously, namely the function of chief operational officer and chief financial officer.
Keywords: Interest subsidies, legitimacy of government, Directorate General of Treasury.
 
Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa keabsahan tindakan berkaitan dengan kewenangan Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan dalam pelaksanaan Subsidi Bunga Atau Margin. Subsidi Bunga Atau Margin merupakan salah satu bentuk program Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional (PEN). Tipe penelitian dengan metode penelitian doktrinal dengan melakukan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan konsep-konsep hukum. Keabsahan mempunyai ruang lingkup yaitu wewenang, subtansi dan prosedur. Sebagai salah satu ruang lingkup keabsahan tidnakan pemerintahan. Suatu tindakan pemerintahan tidak sah jika terdapat cacat wewenang, subtansi dan prosedur. Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan ditunjuk sebagai Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran subsidi bunga atau margin. Penunjukan Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran ini merupakan pelaksanaan fungsi Chief Operational Officer Subsidi Bunga atau Margin. Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan juga berperan sebagai Kuasa Bendahara Umum Negara yang merupakan pelaksanaan fungsi Chief Financial Officer.
Kata Kunci: Subsidi Bunga, keabsahan tindakan pemerintahan, Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan;