bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Música y danza como espacios de participación de los jóvenes hijos de migrantes bolivianos y paraguayos en Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Authors: Gavazzo Natalia
Published: July 2018

Este artículo se desprende de una tesis doctoral que –desde una perspectiva antropológica- se enfocó en las identificaciones y formas de participación de la “segunda generación” de inmigrantes en la ciudad capital de la Argentina. En el presente análisis se retoman algunos aspectos de la participación de los hijos de bolivianos y paraguayos de Buenos Aires a partir del examen de sus prácticas artístico-culturales, especialmente de música y danza vinculada al origen de sus padres. Tomando en cuenta los procesos de identificación de la generación de los hijos, se pretende situar a estas prácticas artísticas y a la participación de estos jóvenes en el marco de ciertas coyunturas y cambios actuales (que exceden el ámbito de la ciudad y el país, y alcanzan un nivel inter/ trans-nacional). De este modo se propone una concepción de “lo político” desde una perspectiva diferente a la que remite a las prácticas tradicionales desde las cuales se piensa la participación social y/o política, que brinde elementos para concebir a la música y a la danza como herramientas de transformación especialmente entre jóvenes urbanos de sectores populares.
Paisajes urbanos, diferencia y desigualdad. El caso de La Boca en Buenos Aires
Authors: Fabaron Ana Clara
Published: July 2018

El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar críticamente en torno a la noción de paisaje y sus vinculaciones con modos -diferenciados y desiguales- de imaginar y habitar la ciudad. El análisis se sustenta en un estudio de caso en La Boca, un barrio de la zona sur de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, donde confluyen procesos de reconversión urbana y déficit habitacional. Desde un abordaje etnográfico junto al uso de fuentes secundarias, el trabajo explora las principales características y transformaciones socioespaciales del barrio en relación con el resto de la ciudad. El artículo focaliza en prácticas de habitantes y usuarios, en diálogo con distintas aproximaciones al concepto de paisaje, y con estudios que destacan la relación entre una estetización de las ciudades contemporáneas y un modelo exclusivo de ciudad. Desde una perspectiva del habitar -centrada en las prácticas urbanas- el enfoque propuesto procura tomar en cuenta las tensiones e imbricaciones entre los “paisajes urbanos cotidianos” de sus habitantes y los “paisajes culturales” orientados a un consumo visual, incorporando en el análisis las relaciones desiguales de poder.
Распространение и численность дождевых червей (Lumbricidae) в подзоне средней тайги Республики Коми
Authors: Акулова Л. И. , Долгин М. М. , Колесникова А. А.
Published: July 2018

В подзоне средней тайги Республики Коми зарегистрировано 12 видов дождевых червей, по 10 – на равнинной территории и Северном Урале. Сходство равнинной и горной фауны люмбрицид составило 44%, что подтверждает факт широкого распространения зарегистрированных видов в Республике Коми, за исключением уральского эндемика Perelia diplotetratheca и описанного в 1984 г. Eisenia atlavinyteae. На лугах, полях и огородах выявлено высокое разнообразие и численность дождевых червей в сравнении с лесами.
Marathon Maladies: Venous Thromboembolism Risk Associated with Marathon Running
Authors: Zaleski Amanda L. , Taylor Beth A. , Pescatello Linda S. , Thompson Paul D.
Published: July 2018

Marathon running exposes athletes to thrombogenic risk factors that increase blood clot risk in otherwise healthy athletes. Understanding the effect of these factors on coagulation and fibrinolysis can aid both the practitioner and athlete in primary and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. Accordingly, the purpose of the present review is to synthesize evidence surrounding athlete specific risk for venous thromboembolism.
Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: Haverkamp Hans Christian , Mickleborough Timothy D.
Published: July 2018

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) refers to acute airway narrowing after whole-body exercise in persons with or without diagnosed asthma. This review provides a broad overview of EIB, including its definition, pathogenesis, physiological and clinical characteristics, prevalence, procedures for proper diagnosis and consideration of differential diagnoses, and discussion of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapy.
Brak i izvanbračna zajednica u današnjem mađarskom društvu
Authors: Ragadics Tamás
Published: July 2018

Kršćanska se slika društva temelji na obiteljima koje se uspostavljaju crkvenim sakramentom ženidbe. Iako se u dokumentima socijalnoga nauka Katoličke crkve pod pojmom obitelji razumije životno važna zajednica društva, brak koji Katolička crkva promiče kao visokovrijednu ustanovu, sve je manje prisutan kao općeprihvatljiva društvena norma, odnosno kao stvarno doživljen način življenja. Zbog procesa individualizacije i promjena društvenoga, ekonomskoga i pravnoga sustava, suvremeno se mađarsko društvo suočava s neprestanim smanjenjem broja sklapanja ne samo vjerskih, već i građanskih brakova, dok se sve više pojavljuju drugi oblici zajedničkoga življenja. Prema podacima iz prve polovice 2010. godine vjerojatnost da će mađarska žena sklopiti brak tijekom svoga života iznosi 44 posto. Dok su za vrijeme demokratskih promjena 1990-ih godina dvije trećine odrasloga stanovništva živjele u braku, prema popisu stanovništva iz 2011. godine ih je bilo manje od polovice, ali se znatno povećao broj neoženjenih i neudanih osoba. Najvažnijim razlogom tih promjena smatra se učvršćivanje izvanbračnih veza. Oslanjajući se na aktualne statističke podatke, u ovom se radu opisuju glavne osobitosti partnerskih veza u mađarskome društvu. Ukazuje se na glavne društvene razloge koji se kriju iza demografskih promjena i procesa. Nadalje, u glavnim se crtama govori o mogućnostima Katoličke crkve i njezinim pastoralnim izazovima u ovom pogledu. Spoznaje o mađarskom društvu glede braka i izvanbračnih veza predstavljene su u europskom kontekstu.
Savings without sacrifice: A case report on open-source textbook adoption
Authors: Clinton Virginia
Published: July 2018

Rising textbook costs have prompted the development of open-source textbooks to increase access to education. The purpose of this case report is to examine open-source textbook adoption through the COUP framework (costs, outcomes, use, and perceptions) comparing a semester with a commercial textbook to a semester with an open-source textbook. Students (N = 520) were enrolled in an undergraduate course at a mid-sized public university in the United States. Results indicated that although costs were substantially lower, student learning outcomes and perceptions of quality were similar or better with an open-source textbook. Although students were much more likely to access the open-source textbook electronically, there were no differences in how they reported using the two textbooks to support their learning. Considering the financial savings of open-source textbooks, these findings build on existing empirical support that encourage the adoption of open-source textbooks.
Articulatory suppression effects on induced rumination
Authors: Nalborczyk Ladislas , Perrone-Bertolotti Marcela , Celine Baeyens , Grandchamp Romain , Spinelli Elsa , Koster Ernst H. W. , Loevenbruck Hélène
Published: July 2018

This study explores whether the speech motor system is involved in verbal rumination, a particular kind of inner speech. The motor simulation hypothesis considers inner speech as an action, accompanied by simulated speech percepts, that would as such involve the speech motor system. If so, we could expect verbal rumination to be disrupted by concurrent involvement of the speech apparatus. We recruited 106 healthy adults and measured their self-reported level of rumination before and after a rumination induction, as well as after five minutes of a subsequent motor task (either an articulatory suppression -silent mouthing- task or a finger tapping control task). We also evaluated to what extent ruminative thoughts were experienced with a verbal quality or in another modality (e.g., visual images, non-speech sounds). Self-reported levels of rumination showed a decrease after both motor activities (silent mouthing and finger-tapping), with only a slightly stronger decrease after the articulatory suppression than the control task. The rumination level decrease was not moderated by the modality of the ruminative thoughts. We discuss these results within the framework of verbal rumination as simulated speech and suggest alternative ways to test the engagement of the speech motor system in verbal rumination. Pre-registered protocol, preprint, data, as well as reproducible code and figures are available at: https://osf.io/3bh67/.
Micro-Educational Reproduction
Authors: Andrade Stefan B. , Thomsen Jens-Peter
Published: July 2018

This study analyzes the persistence of educational inequality in advanced industrialized societies with expanding and differentiated education systems. Using Denmark as a case, we investigate changes in immobility patterns for cohorts born 1960–1981 and develop a new micro-educational classification capturing both hierarchical and horizontal forms of educational differentiation. To investigate the association between parents’ and children’s educational status, we apply log linear models and control for four types of educational immobility: gradational (by returns to education), aggregated (5 macro-educational levels), horizontal (19 fields of study), and disaggregated (62 micro-educations). Our findings show that while macro-educational immobility has decreased across the period, micro-educational immobility at the university and university college levels remains high and stable, in particular for sons. We also find great variation in immobility for specific micro-educations within the university level. Studies of educational immobility would therefore benefit from paying attention to micro-educational classifications, because they capture patterns of multidimensional, disaggregated forms of reproduction. In addition, the micro-educational approach far better explains the immobility of sons than it explains that of daughters, revealing important gender differences in the immobility patterns for sons and daughters.
Assessment in Child Protection
Authors: Samsonsen Vibeke , Willumsen Elisabeth
Published: July 2018

Good quality assessment in Child Protection is crucial to ensure adequate protection and provision. This article explores social workers` experiences with two different Child Protection assessment models: the “professional judgment model”, exemplified by Norway, and the “structured assessment model”, exemplified by England. The aim is to explore the experiences of social workers who carry out assessments in England and Norway, and compare and discuss these experiences in light of “accountability” theory.
Beyond the others’ world
Authors: Shavrina Natalia
Published: July 2018

The essay presents a reflection on being a foreign and inexperienced social worker within a Norwegian social work context. I discuss challenges I have met in my work with when Asperger syndrome is diagnosed and reflect on power relations and the issue of self-determination within the field, in addition to analysing some critical incidents that made me rethink and reconstruct all of my experiences. I view my story from different angles and find different perspectives that show various ways of perceiving one thing. I discover the dangerousness of thinking in “black and white” and placing things in exclusive extremes, and lastly, I understand that I need to learn to solve problems by changing attitudes towards them.
Family as Raw Material
Authors: Gümüscü Ahmet , Khoo Evelyn , Nygren Lennart
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on how families are defined and conceptualized by social workers in the Swedish social services. Using a qualitative study design, we carried out telephone interviews with 60 social workers in five major sectors of the social services in two smaller and two larger municipalities. These sectors included elderly care, disability, child welfare, addiction and economic support, with a qualitative content analysis approach used to analyze the data.The results showed that the practices in social service organizations are both individualized and specialized. Social workers primarily focus on the individual as the client when deciding upon interventions, and when asked about how they regard, define and delimit the family in their work, our analysis revealed that different mediating mechanisms were engaged in what can be seen as a deconstruction of the family. These mechanisms included legislation (as a control mechanism), household composition (boundary mechanism) and service needs (professional mechanism), which were used in various ways and to differing degrees within each sector. The resultant five unique and sector-specific conceptualizations of families are implicated in how interventions are constructed and work processes targeted at individuals and families.
Procjena izloženosti na radnom mjestu u dijagnostici profesionalne kožne bolesti - pregled postupaka
Authors: Bubaš Marija
Published: July 2018

SAŽETAK: Izlaganje alergenima ili nadražujućim sredstvima (iritansima) na radnom mjestu poznati je uzrok nastanka profesionalnog kontaktnog dermatitisa. Procjenjivanje izloženosti ponajprije je područje rada specijaliste medicine rada (i sporta), posebno kada je riječ o utvrđivanju zdravstvenih učinaka izloženosti navedenim štetnostima odnosno dijagnosticiranju profesionalnih bolesti. Ona uključuje identifikaciju štetnosti, karakterizaciju ekspozicije, procjenu učinaka na zdravlje pojedinaca ili skupine radnika. To su koraci koji se mogu koristiti u procjeni rizika ili studijama izloženosti. Često je i vještom stručnjaku utvrđivanje ekspozicije zahtjevno. Stoga je cilj ovog rada dati pregled metoda korištenih u istraživanjima razvoja profesionalnih kontaktnih dermatitisa.
Kineziologija rada
Authors: Nakić Josipa , Kovačević Erol , Abazović Ensar
Published: July 2018

SAŽETAK: Iako razne vrste zanimanja različito utječu na ljudsko zdravlje, nepravilni načini držanja tijela i bolovi u leđima povezuju veliki broj radnika i zanimanja. Bolovi u leđima česta su pojava i kod radnika u trgovinama. Njihov posao prvenstveno je okarakteriziran velikim brojem ponavljanja spuštanja i podizanja trupa prilikom slaganja robe. Upravo zato je, u jednom velikom trgovačkom lancu u RH, proveden projekt u području kineziologije rada u obliku sustavnog učenja radnika o pravilnim načinima rukovanja teretima, a s ciljem prevencije bolova u leđima. Ovo istraživanje dio je tog projekta. Uzorak ispitanika čini skupina od 234 zaposlenika koji rade u trgovinama. U sklopu projekta provedene su teorijsko-praktična predavanja na kojima su radnici ispunili anketne upitnike. Anketni upitnici obrađeni su metodama deskriptivne statistike. Utvrđeno je kako 58,02 % ispitanika osjeća bol u donjem dijelu leđa na prvom mjestu, a na prvom, drugom ili trećem mjestu bol u donjem dijelu leđa osjeća 73,11 % ispitanika. Bol u leđima i/ili vratu na prvom mjestu ima 84,90 % ispitanika, a na prvom, drugom i/ili trećem mjestu zajedno bol u leđima i/ili vratu osjeća zapanjujućih 92,45 % ispitanika. Utvrđeno je i kako 86,79 % ispitanika ima automatiziran nepravilan način rukovanja teretima u obliku istaknutog zaobljavanja leđa prilikom rada. Od 100 % ispitanika koji zaobljavaju leđa 94 % ispitanika ima bolove u leđima i/ili vratu, a samo 6 % ispitanika nema bolove u leđima i/ili vratu. Ovo istraživanje sugerira kako nepravilni načini držanja tijela za vrijeme rada fizičkih radnika snažno utječe na pojavu bolova u leđima i vratu. Zaključuje se kako tehnika dizanja tereta s poda nije ništa drugo do motoričko znanje koje se mora naučiti. Međutim, prvo se treba prepoznati potreba sustavnog upoznavanja radnika s pravilnim načinima držanja tijela prilikom rukovanja teretima. Cilj je primarna i sekundarna prevencija bolova u leđima i vratu kao i očuvanje radne sposobnosti radnika.
UTILIZAÇÃO DO PDCA NA GESTÃO DE SEGURANÇA E SAÚDE NO TRABALHO
Authors: Balduino Ederson Adriano , Medeiros Luis Roberto
Published: July 2018

O presente artigo foi elaborado com a finalidade de avaliar a hipótese de utilizar o método PDCA na Gestão de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho, visando diminuir as vidas perdidas por acidente de trabalho, danos ambientais e patrimonial. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica, detalhando cada fase do ciclo PDCA voltado à area de Segurança e Saude no Trabalho (SST), descrevendo como fazer o planejamento, como executar o que foi planejado, citando ferramentas necessárias para obter resultados positivos, normas relacionadas à Gestão de (SST), enfatizando o uso da especificação OHSAS 18001:2007, também cita ferramentas que podem ser utilizadas na etapa de verificação, Como a organização deve proceder na etapa Ação do ciclo . E para confrontar com a pesquisa e obtenção de melhor visibilidade do tema no resultado e discussão uma pesquisa aplicada através de uma entrevista com um profissional da área de SST. Relacionando Pesquisa bibliográfica com a entrevista com o profissional da área de Segurança e Saúde no trabalho é possível concluir que o uso do PDCA na área de SST apresenta resultados eficazes, tanto na implementação como na condução da SST.
COMUNICAÇÃO, TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE
Authors: Bovério Maria Aparecida
Published: July 2018

Este artigo possui o objetivo de investigar a importância da comunicação e da tecnologia no processo de socialização do ser humano e sua inserção no mundo contemporâneo. A pesquisa adotou como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica e investigou, inicialmente, os aspectos teóricos que dizem respeito à linguagem, língua, fala e códigos de comunicação. Em seguida contemplou a importância da comunicação no processo de socialização e na aquisição cultural, bem como o respeito às diferentes culturas. Pesquisou, também, as tecnologias da comunicação e a sua relação com o homem contemporâneo. Abordou sobre os elementos básicos de semiótica e sua aplicabilidade: conceito de texto e hipertexto. Como resultados verificou-se que a comunicação e a tecnologia se fazem presentes na sociedade e compõem com assertiva o processo de socialização do homem. Conclui-se que são inerentes à cultura do homem e são considerados importantes elementos para se conviver harmoniosamente no meio social.
Hubungan Dukungan Ibu dengan Kesiapan Remaja Putri dalam Mengahadapi Menarche
Authors: Juwita Sellia
Published: July 2018

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescents are individuals who are undergoing a period of transition that gradually reaches sexual maturity, changes in the souls of children into adulthood. The changes that occurred at the time of Menarche caused young women to be embarrassed. Therefore, young women need to make adjustments in behavior. The adjustment cannot be done smoothly, especially if there is no support from parents, especially mothers. The role of the mother is very important in the process of growth and development of children, especially during adolescence. Teens begin to recognize the various sexual processes that are happening on the body and soul first through the mother. The design in this research is quantitative analytic, with the population of junior high school girls in Kecamatan Senapelan with total sampling technique, the number of samples 258 people. Data were collected through questionnaires and processed by computerization then analyzed univariat and bivariate using chiquare test. Univariate results in the knowing of girls who get mother support 49.2 percent and who do not get support as much as 57.8 percent, adolescents ready to face menarche 57.4 percent and not ready as much as 42.6 percent. The result of bivariate analysis showed that there was a correlation between mother support with adolescent readiness in facing menarche where p value value less than 0,05. Adolescents with maternal support are more prepared for menarche than those who do not get support.

Keywords: Maternal support, readiness, menarche, adolescence
Epidemiology of Omsk Haemorragic Fever
Authors: Rudakov N. V. , Yastrebov V. K. , Yakimenko V. V.
Published: July 2018

The main aspects of epidemiology and epizootology of omsk haemorrhagic fever (OHF) were analysed. Described: the discovery of virus OHF (1947), the first outbreak of new diseases in districts of Omsk region; comprehensive work for decryption the etiology of OHF of specialists from Omsk and Moscow institutes. In the long-term dynamics of activity of natural foci of OHF stand out 4 periods, what different intensity of epidemic and epizootic processes. The main reservoir of the virus OHF in natural foci and the source of human infection is muskrat. In maintaining populations of the virus is of some significance change of hosts (metaxenosis). Established independent position of the virus OHF in group Flaviviruses of mammals, transmitted by ticks. There are two genovariants of virus OHF.
Statistical Analysis of the Model Parameters of the Epidemic Situation
Authors: Grishunina Yu. B. , Kontarov N. A. , Arkharova G. V. , Yuminova N. V.
Published: July 2018

A calculation method and a variation method of parameters of the epidemic situation model taking into account external risks is proposed. The detailed step-by-step algorithm available in the application Exel for the calculation and analysis of the model parameters based on the results of observations is given. The prognosis of the epidemic situation with the estimation of the disease outbreak duration and the total number of population members involved in the outbreak is constructed. We investigated the epidemic situation by an example of reports of a diseases group acute viral respiratory infections-flu in one of the districts of the Moscow region.
The Use of a Heterologous Anti-Rabies Immunoglobulin for Specific Prevention of Human Rabies
Authors: Movsesyants A. A. , Butyrskiy A. Yu. , Bondarev V. P. , Olefir Yu. V. , Postnova E. L. , Mukhacheva A. V.
Published: July 2018

This paper reviews the problems of passive immunization of rabies. In the Russian Federation remains serious epizoot-epidemiological situation of rabies, characterized the increase of the number of disadvantaged settlements and the registration of the hydrophobia in the population. In these circumstances the only possibility to prevent the disease in humans who suffered from the bite of a rabid animal, is timely and appropriate the administration of modern anti-rabies drugs.
Manifestation Features of the Measles Epidemic Process in Moscow in 1992 - 2014
Authors: Semenenko T. A. , Ezhlova E. B. , Nozdracheva A. V. , Rusakova E. V.
Published: July 2018

The retrospective epidemiological analysis of measles in Moscow for the period from 1992 to 2014 shows the decisive role of mass vaccination for achievement of epidemiological well-being on measles. In 2007 Russia had reached the incidence rate less than one case per million population which is recommended by WHO for implementation of the program of measles elimination in the country. Nevertheless Moscow and Russian Federation show the rise of the infection since 2011. The paper analyses the dynamics of measles incidence among Moscow population, the age structure and disease focus, as well as outlines a possible range of causes that resulted in the complication of the epidemiological situation.
Population Migration as a Risk Factor of Transboundary Importation of Dangerous Infectious Diseases in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts
Authors: Noskov A. K. , Vishnyakov V. A. , Chesnokova M. V. , Kosilko S. A. , Balakhonov S. V.
Published: July 2018

Some kinds of external migration of the population are considered as a risk factor for occurrence of the epidemic foci of dangerous infectious diseases in Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation. The role of tourism and labour transboundary migration in formation of epidemic complications for dangerous infectious diseases is shown. The urgency of threats for the disease importations representing danger to humans including influenza caused by a new virus subtype, measles, cholera, poliomyelitis and Dengue fever etc increases in the given regions.
Modern Problems of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Specific Prevention. Communication II: Peculiarity of Immunity in Area with Siberian Subtype Domination
Authors: Pogodina V. V. , Shcherbinina M. S. , Levina L. S. , Gerasimov S. G. , Kolyasnikova N. M.
Published: July 2018

Siberian subtype of TBE virus dominates in the most part of Russia outside of the Far East. Peculiarity of immunity induced by Siberian subtype during disease or inapparent infection and change of immunity after vaccination are described in this article. Protective titre of antibodies and persistence of TBE virus (TBEV) in vaccinated organism are discussed.
Risk Factors of Tuberculosis in Children with Unrealized Perinatal HIV Infection
Authors: Shugaeva S. N. , Savilov E. D.
Published: July 2018

The results of a cohort study of 177 newborns, from birth until they were 18 months old, are presented: the 87 children with unrealized perinatal HIV infection and 90 children were not exposed to HIV prenatally. Children who were free from HIV, but exposed to HIV prenatally, have 5.5 times higher prevalence of risk factors of tuberculosis, is associated with unfavorable social environment and health disorders. Children with unrealized perinatal HIV infection constitute a risk group of tuberculosis.
The Impact of Mass Immunization against Flu and Acute Respiratory Viral Infections on Epidemics Process in Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Romanenko V. V. , Briko N. I. , Saltikov T. S. , Ankudinova A. V. , Semenova L. V. , Kilyachina A. S.
Published: July 2018

The article shows results of a research of flu vaccines epidemiologic efficiency in groups of Sverdlovsk region population of different age, professions and social statuses. The epidemiologic efficiency rate varies from 54.05 ± 8.77 to 92.79 ± 1.53% depending on vaccinated population percentage. The effect of total vaccination of population on flu and ARVI epidemics are presented in the article. A rate of vaccinated population varies from 35 to 42 percentage. Sickness rate reduced not only among vaccinated but also among non-vaccinated population. An epidemic period has been reduced from 10 to 4 weeks, consequently a number of diseased during epidemic period diminished from 9.8 ± 1.9 to 7.53 ± 3.73%.
Разработка кандидатной субстанции рекомбинантного белка CRM197
Authors: Bogomolova E. G. , Dobrovol'skaya O. A. , Mirovskaya A. A. , Al-Shehadat R. I. , Fedorova E. A. , Dukhovlinov I. V. , Simbirtsev A. S.
Published: July 2018

CRM197 is a non-toxic mutant of diphtheria toxin having a single amino acid substitution of a glycine for a glutamic acid in position 52. Being naturally nontoxic, CRM197 is a promising adjuvant and ideal carrier protein for conjugate vaccines. Typically, production of diphtheria toxic and non-toxic mutants are carried out in Corynebacterium diphtheria. Production of recombinant CRM197 in Escherichia coli is advantageous. It is simple, cheap and permits production of the target protein in a short time using a non-pathogenic microorganism. In this study the pharmacology grade substance of recombinant protein CRM197 was developed based on chemical properties of the protein. The substance of recombinant protein CRM197 is characterized by presence of 0.054 ng/mcg of CRM197 E. coli host cell protein, 1.26 pg/mcg of CRM197 E.coli Host Cell DNA and less than 0,078 EU endotoxins per 1 mg of recombinant protein CRM197.
Genetic Characteristics and Range of Antibacterial Activity of the Bacteriophages, which are a Part of Manufactured Serie of Drugs - Pyobacteriophage Polyvalent Purified
Authors: Tikunova N. V. , Voroshilov N. N. , Polygach O. A. , Morozova V. V. , Tikunov A. Y. , Smokers A. M. , Vlasov V. V.
Published: July 2018

Pyobacteriophage polyvalent cleared (preparation) is active against 85.0 - 99.6% clinical strains of bacteria Proteus spp., Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The preparation surpasses the majority of antibiotics in the width of a range of antibacterial activity and is comparable only with modern antibiotics of the last generations. Unlike the majority of antibiotics, the preparation doesn't cause toxic and allergic reactions, has no contraindications to application, including age, is allowed for use for newborns and children of early age that gives the chance to regard him as highly effective and safe medicine for antibacterial therapy. The results of metagenomic analysis of pyobacteriophage polyvalent cleared indicate that the product contains only lytic bacteriophages and does not contain lysogenic bacteriophages, that guarantees high concentration of lytic bacteriophages in a preparation high degree of his antibacterial and clinical efficiency and genetic safety of its clinical application.
Epidemic Risk of Brucellosis in Modern conditions
Authors: Okhapkina V. Yu. , Pyatkova N. V. , Pavlov D. L. , Susloparov A. A.
Published: July 2018

Under present conditions there is a high risk of an epidemic of brucellosis associated with the threat of the spread of the pathogen from many natural sources, as well as artificially as a result of bioterrorist actions. In spite of the vast complex of brucellosis eradication activities around the world, it still remains endemic in many regions of the world. The situation is exacerbated by the ecological spreading of the causative agent of brucellosis on the previously unusual species of natural hosts, accompanied by the emergence of new Brucella species, some of which poses a risk to humans. This paper summarizes the data on the distribution area of human pathogenic Brucella species, structure and level of incidence of brucellosis in different regions of our country and abroad, pathogenicity of representatives of different species and biotypes of Brucella for humans.
Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (History, problems and Research Perspectives)
Authors: Tkachenko E. A. , Dzagurova J. K. , Bernshtein A. D. , Korotina N. A. , Okulova N. M. , Mutnikh E. S. , Ivanov A. P. , Ishmukhametov A. A. , Yunicheva Yu. V. , Pilikova O. M. , Morozov V. G. , Trankvilevskiy D. V. , Gorodin V. N. , Bakhtina V. A. , Sotskova S. E.
Published: July 2018

The work is devoted to clarify the etiological aspects of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), clinical and epidemiological features that are closely linked to the etiology, as well as to development of methods and products for specific diagnosis and vaccine prevention of hantavirus infection. That regard to hantaviruses a set of virological, immunological and molecular-genetics methods were developed significantly enhance the effectiveness of the specific diagnostics of HFRS. The features of humoral immunity in HFRS were identified and atypical clinical forms of HFRS was istablished; indicators of natural immunity to hantavirus in the population living in different regions of Russia and the former Soviet republics have been identified that allowed us to refine nosological area of HFRS; new, previously unknown natural foci of HFRS, including hantavirus RNA, in the central regions of Russia and in the subtropical zone of Krasnodar region have been identified and studied; 76 strains and 70 isolates of 9 rodent species and one species of birds, as well as from the blood of patients with HFRS and sectional materials from HFRS dead patients have been isolated and identified; new hantavirus species - Khabarovsk, Taimyr-Topografov, Adler, as well as two new genotypes Dobrava/Belgrad virus - Kurkino and Sochi have been identified; species composition of small mammals - the natural reservoir of hantaviruses was the refined; etiological role and epidemiological importance of different hantaviruse types in HFRS incidence structure was established; the existence of new etiologically distinct hantavirus infections with significant epidemiological differences has been proven; manufacturing techniques and methods of control of the culture inactivated vaccine against HFRS has been developed.
Evaluation Effectiveness of Decolonization Nasal Carriage Staphylococcus aureus the Medical Staff
Authors: Glazovskaya L. S. , Pechenik A. S. , Dmitrenko O. A. , Perets O. V. , Filippova E. E. , Melnikov A. A. , Brusina E. B.
Published: July 2018

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common multiresistant agent of hospital acquired infections in Europe. Health care-associated infections caused by MRSA described of severe course, epidemic dissemination, often with fatal outcome, accompanied by considerable economic damage. The prevention of such diseases is devoted to many publications of research results. However, developed and implemented by some preventive measures demanded evaluation of their effectiveness. Thus, the sanitation of MRSA nasal carriers among medical staff, as a measure of prevention strategies hasn’t unique estimate. In the article presents the results, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness of intranasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus among medical staff. In the study materials includes the results of four randomized clinical trial, installed total relative risk (RR = 0.20; [95% ДИ = 0.06 - 0.66], = 22.72; df = 3; p = 0.0001),shows the effectiveness of decolonization nasal carriers Staphylococcus aureus, a reduction in the frequency of the carrier and the number sources of infection among medical staff within a 6 month period from the date of its holding.
Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Various Medical Wards
Authors: Liubimova A. V. , Shalyapina N. A. , Kolodzhieva V. V. , Riachovskich S. A. , Dmitrieva O. V. , Brodina T. V. , Shishmakov A. A.
Published: July 2018

Background. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become one of the leading cause of health care-associated infections. Data on occurrence and spread of these pathogens in different types of hospital units are needed to develop effective surveillance and control measures to prevent dissemination of VRE. Aim. The aim of this study was to define hospital units with high risk of VRE dissemination in health care facilities of St. Petersburg. Materials and Methods. Point-prevalence study of colonisation and infection in patients and contamination of the environment was conducted during 2013 - 2014 in 8 hospital units of different types: neonatal intensive care, newborn pathology, general paediatric surgery, bone marrow transplantation (BMT for adolescents), cancer surgery of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and breast cancer, haemodialysis (three units). In each unit microbiological testing of clinical (N=857) and environmental (N=508) samples was conducted three times a months during the study period. Verification of vancomycin resistance in enterococci was conducted by amplification of vanA and vanB cassettes according to the technique developed by S. Dutka-Malen et al. Molecular genetic typing of enterococci by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) was performed with universal primer R5 (5’-AACGCGCAAC-3’) in the concentration of 50 pmol/^L, according to the protocol proposed by B. Martin et al. VNTR analysis was performed according to the technique published by J. Top et al. Results. Colonization of patients and contamination of environment by VRE were detected only in haemato-oncologyunits (21,6 per 100 patients, 2,6 per 100 environmental swabs), neonatal intensive care (16,7 per 100 patients, 8,5 per 100 environmental swabs), and newborn pathology (34,6 per 100 patients, 3,3 per 100 environmental swabs). VRE were detected on the related to patient care environmental objects in common use for all patients (scales, changing tables, procedure tables, sink faucets) in the neonatal intensive care units and non-medical objects shared by all patients (tables in patient rooms, microwave oven and refrigerators shelves) in the haemato-oncology unit. The molecular genetic typing showed that strains of VRE isolated from patients and the environment were identical. Vancomycin resistance due to presence of vanA was dominating. Conclusion. Neonatal and haemato-oncology departments were identified as high risk hospital units. The most common mode of transmission of VRE is contact transmission via hands of health care workers in neonatal units and via environmental objects in haemato-oncology. To contain dissemination of VRE in the high risk units, development of microbiological monitoring of VRE and measures to control their transmission is needed.
Experimental Approaches to the Development of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine Based on Sabin Strains
Authors: Ivanov A. P. , Klebleeva T. D. , Ivanova O. E. , Ipatova E. G. , Gmyl L. V. , Ishmuhametov A. A.
Published: July 2018

The results of development of experimental series of inactivated poliovirus vaccine based on Sabin strains (s-IPV) using conventional modern techniques are presented. Comparative analysis of immunogenicity of the experimental s-IPV and commercial IPV prepared from «wild» poliovirus strains (Imovax, Sanofi Pasteur S.A., France) using several models of laboratory animals showed their identity regarding Sabin and «wild» strains. Original method (an ELISA using specific chicken egg yolk antibodies of class Y-IgY) for quantitative determination of D-antigen in elaboration of vaccine formulation has been developed and protected by patent; conventional control methods in accordance with the WHO and European Pharmacopoeia requirements have been adopted. Finally, at experimental level it was shown that basic characteristics of the s-IPV are comparable with those of commercial IPV prepared from «wild» poliovirus strains
Condition and Prospects of Development of Vaccines for Specific Prevention of Enterovirus (Nonpolio) Infection
Authors: Yagovkin E. A. , Onishchenko G. G. , Popova A. Yu. , Ezhlova E. B. , Melnikova A. A. , Soloviev M. Yu. , Kovalev E. V. , Tverdokhlebova T. I. , Khmelevskaya G. V. , Devterova L. V. , Vachaev B. F. , Yuryeva I. L.
Published: July 2018

This review summarizes the material on the development of vaccines against (nonpolio) enterovirus infection in Russia and abroad. Described the developed vaccine types, their characteristics and the results of clinical and epidemiological trials, created in China inactivated vaccines. I’is considered the possibility of creating a mucosal vaccines and vaccinal prevention strategies.
Current EpidemiologicaL Situation on Tularemia in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia
Authors: Demidova T. N. , Popov V. P. , Orlov D. S. , Mikhaylova T. V. , Meshcheryakova I. S.
Published: July 2018

Relevance. In Russia every year are registred 100 or more cases of tularemia, with about 70% of them in the Central, Northwest and Siberian federal districts. Goal. Assessment of the current epidemiological situation on tularemia in the North-West Federal district (NWFD). Materials and methods. By means of a MapInfo Professional-10,5 GIS-package information on selection of cultures of the activator of a tularemia and the recorded incidence was transformed to the database on the basis of which GIS layers were created. Definition of geographical coordinates of places of isolation of cultures of a tulyaremiyny microbe from biological objects in the territory of the NWFD is carried out by means of the GoogleEarth program. Results. In 2001 - 2015 in NWFD incidence observed in all regions of the district, except Novgorod and Pskov regions. But the analysis of incidence of a tularemia allowed to reveal the sick people who infected in the territory of these regions that means there regions is endemic of tularemia. There remains a strong tendency to increase the incidence of tularemia urban population.The lack of permanent monitoring of natural eyes of tularemia in some regions of the district, does not allow to trace the development of epizootic process and to assess the intensity and magnitude of epizootics. As a result, activation of natural foci of tularemia is not noted, which increases the risk of human infection in these areas. Conclusions. Insufficient or complete lack of vaccination of people against tularemia living in areas enzootic for this infection may lead to complication of the epidemiological situation.
The Value of the Effect of the Level of Specific Antibodeis on Elimination Different Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Strains
Authors: Leonova G. N. , Lubova V. A. , Kalinin A. V.
Published: July 2018

We have shown the levels of specific antibodies that can neutralize different strains on the virulence of the virus of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). Specific immunoglobulin with its titers of 1:100, 1:400 и 1:3200 and two TBEV strains with its doses 3 lg TCID50/ ml (Dal negorsk - highly pathogenic, Primorye-437 - not pathogenic for humans). Evidential basis of the activity of residual virus has been obtained in vitro and in vivo in 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after infection cells of culture PK and mice neinbrednyh by the test samples. Immunoglobulin does not have a protective effect, if its titer is 1:100; inhibits low virulent strain (P-437), but not Dal negorsk one, if its titer is 1:400; and inhibits both strains, it its titer is 1:3200. Regarding the models of different TBE virus strains, this article suggests new approaches to studying the efficacy of specific vaccine prophylaxis and individual prescription of the amount and terms of revaccination for tick-borne encephalitis.
Some Ecological, Clinical and Epidemiological Characterisics of the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Incidence in Irkutsk (1995 - 2015)
Authors: Mel'nikova O. V. , Andaev E. I. , Nikitin A. Ya.
Published: July 2018

The results of archive data analysis of the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) cases in Irkutsk during 1995 - 2015, got from Irkutsk Regional Center for hygiene and epidemiological surveillance, are shown. During the examined period the percent of severe forms and lethal outcomes of the disease have risen. The severe forms came more often at the very beginning and at peak of ticks’ activity season. The number of alimentary TBE cases, illness of anti-TBE vaccinated persons and persons with professional risk of infection have increased in Pribaikalie during 1995 - 2015. The recurring TBE cases have been also recorded.
Epidemiologic Characteristics of Combined Natural Focus of Lyme Bоrreliosis and Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Authors: Efimova A. R. , Drozdova O. M.
Published: July 2018

Epidemiologic patterns of spread of TBE and Lyme Borreliosis in the Kemerovo region within 23 years (1993 - 2015) have been studied. It has been established that sickness rate of TBE has reduced while sickness rate of Lyme Borreliosis has increased. Risk groups and risk areas of distribution of tick-borne infections have been detected. Borrelia DNA has been detected in 35,46 ± 6,26% of ticks, TBE virus antigen has been detected in 2,2 ± 0,28% of ticks. Sickness rate of tick-borne infections and rate of detection of infected ticks differentiate in different areas of the region which therefore should involve differential approach to organization preventive measures.
Epidemiological and Parasitological Aspects and Peculiarity Prevention of Infections Transmitted by Ixodid Ticks in Moscow
Authors: Yankovskaya Y. D. , Shashina N. I. , Karan L. S. , Germant O. M. , Akimkin V. G.
Published: July 2018

Following article represents an analysis of the epidemiological situation of tick-borne diseases in Moscow. The study presents incidence rates of Lyme borreliosis in Moscow city population and an estimation of Ixodid ticks abundance in «Sokolniki» park and its adjacent part «Losiniy Ostrov». We estimated the prevalence of tick-borne diseases in quested ticks collected from vegetation. We developed recommendations to prevent tick bites of «Sokolniki» park visitors. The article discussed the need to develop specific strategy and tactics for the metropolis to take preventive action against tick-borne diseases.
Characteristics of Hantaviruses as Causative Agents of the Zoonotic Hemorrhagic Fevers
Authors: Ishmukhametov A. A. , Dzagurova T. K. , Morozov V. G. , Kurashova C. C. , Balovneva M. V. , Sotskova C. E. , Tkachenko E. A.
Published: July 2018

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has been a major concern for public health in different countries of the Euroasian continent for decades. In 1970s the disease was associated with newly discovered viruses that were to become new members (under the genus Hantavirus) of the family Bunyaviridae. During a deadly outbreak of pulmonary syndrome in the southwestern United States in 1993, it was shown that causative agents of this devastating disease (designated hantavirus cardio-pulmonary syndrome, HCPS) were also hantaviruses. By now hantaviruses are found worldwide and associated with different species of the order Rodentia , which are their natural carriers. Hantaviruses persistently infect rodents, however do not cause any disease in them and are transmitted to humans through aerosolized excreta. For a long time studies of hantaviruses were limited by their high pathogenicity, absence of animal model of infection, and poor growth in cell cultures. With the rapid development of molecular biological techniques in last several years substantial progress has been made in various fields of hantavirus research. Different aspects of hantavirus ecology, molecular biology, morphology and pathogenesis, as well as current diagnostic methods and other characteristics of hantaviruses are considered in this review.
Serotype Characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae Identified in Meningitis Cases in Sevral Asian and European Countries
Authors: Oganesyan A. N. , Voropaeva E. A. , Mel'nikova A. A. , Urban Yu. N. , Egorova E. A. , Aleshkin V. A.
Published: July 2018

Background. The current epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis in Ukraine, Georgia and countries of CIS is poorly studied. In order to ensure an effective vaccination strategy and post-vaccination surveillance, we examined the serotype distribution patterns of pneumococcal meningitis in the following regions: European (Ukraine, Belarus), Transcaucasian (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia), and Asian (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan). The study was performed within the program for Invasive Bacterial Diseases Sentinel Surveillance implemented in the region by WHO Regional Office for Europe. Methods. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSFs) samples were collected from patients with suspected meningitis at sentinel hospitals throughout all the regions within the period 2007 - 2016. Determination of S. pneumoniae and serogroups/serotypes in positive CSFs was performed using qPCR and mPCR. In total 3013 CSFs were tested: 2764 (91.7%) of them were collected from patients aged under 5 years, 128 (4.2%) from children aged 5 - 18 years and 121 (4.1%) from adults. Results. 6% (188) of CSFs analyzed were positive for S. pneumoniae, The PCR assay used could predict the S. pneumoniae serotypes/ serogroups for 82% (n = 154) of positive CSFs, 16% were not-typeable in our PCR scheme and for 2% serotyping was not performed. In total, 26 different serotypes/serogroups were identified. Serotypes 6A/B (21%), 14 (15%), 19F (10%), 23F (7%), 18 (A/B/C) (4%), 9V/9A (3%) and 4 (3%) were found to be the most prevalent, followed by others with a prevalence of 2% and less(6C/6D, 24(A/B/F), 19A, 5, 3,1,23A,20,2,13,31, 8, 7F/7A, 7C/7B/40, 22F/22A, 21, 15B/15C, 12F/12A/12B/44/46, 11A/11D). Conclusions. The proportion of vaccine serotypes in pneumococcal meningitis cases (vaccine coverage) amounts to 67% for PCV10 and 71% for PCV13 in all the regions, suggesting that the introduction of conjugate vaccines (PCV10 and 13) into National Immunization Programs is feasible. Post-vaccine introduction surveillance supported will be essential. Post-vaccine introduction surveillance and monitoring of changes in serotype S. pneumoniae distribution in cases with invasive pneumococcal disease and in healthy carriers is essential to assess the vaccination effectiveness and to provide a comprehensive picture of the vaccination impact on pneumococcal serotype distribution in the region.