bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kemampuan Menulis Matematika Mahasiswa Melalui Model Pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW)
Authors: Yusnita Yessy
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kemampuan menulis matematika mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan model Think Talk Write (TTW) lebih meningkat dibanding mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 175 mahasiswa Teknik Sipil Institut Teknologi Padang (ITP) terdiri dari 5 kelas. Penelitian ini adalah pre-experimental design. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah kelas TS-SEM2-A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan TS-SEM2-B sebagai kelas kontrol dengan jumlah mahasiswa masing-masing kelas 35 mahasiswa. Pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Kelas eksperimen diberikan pembelajaran TTW, sedangkan kelas kelas kontrol diberikan pembelajaran konvensional. Teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t satu arah dengan bantuan SPSS 22. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan kemampuan menulis matematika mahasiswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) daripada mahasiswa diajarkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional.
Hubungan Hiperurisemia Dengan Profil Lipid Pada Pasien Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam Di Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto Periode 1 Januari 2019 – 31 Desember 2021 Dan Tinjauannya Menurut Agama Islam
Authors: Yudha Pratama Maulana , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Weni Linda , Arsyad Muhammad
Published: November 2023

Hiperurisemia merupakan gangguan metabolisme yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar asam urat serum di atas normal. Hiperurisemia yang berkepanjangan dapat menyebabkan gout atau artritis pirai, namun tidak semua hiperurisemia akan menimbulkan kelainan patologi berupa gout. Sebagai penyakit progresif, gout sering disertai dengan penyakit penyerta salah satunya adalah dislipidemia. Dislipidemia merupakan suatu kelainan yang terjadi akibat gangguan metabolisme lipid. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan design cross sectional. Teknik Pengumpulan data menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien poliklinik penyakit dalam di Rumah Sakit Pusat Angkatan Darat Gatot Soebroto. Metode analisis menggunakan univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat adanya hubungan yang signifikan diantara kejadian Hiperurisemia dengan Kadar Profil Lipid Kolesterol Total (p 0,016), Hiperurisemia dengan Kadar Profil Lipid Trigliserida (p 0,006), dan Hiperurisemia dengan Kadar Profil Lipid LDL (p 0,008). Kemudian, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan diantara Hiperurisemia dengan Kadar Profil Lipid HDL (p 0,054). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipeurisemia memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan profil lipid.
Kenaikan Nilai Obligasi Dalam Reksadana Pendapatan Tetap : Kebutuhan Pengenaan Pajak Keuntungan Reksadana Dalam Portfolio Investasi
Authors: Hardian Frengki , Yusuf Chandra
Published: November 2023

Pemulihan ekonomi dari dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan insentif terhadap instumen keuangan di Pasar Modal. Bunga Obligasi memiliki daya tarik bagi masyarakat investor, karena keuntungan yang didapat nilainya tetap, sehingga investasi dalam Obligasi menjadi risiko kecil. Namun keuntungan yang didapat juga kecil. Sementara Reksadana , termasuk Obligasi di dalamnya dan dalam bentuk protfolio, memiliki keuntungan dari kenaikan instrumen keuangan lainnya. Kenaikan nilai instrumen keuangan dalam Reksadana tersebut tidak dikenakan Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Final. Obligasi mengalami kenaikan nilai ketika saham sebagai bagian dari protfolio Reksadana yang memiliki risiko mendapatkan keuntungan. Namun kenaikan biaya pembelian Obligasi akibat kenaikan tarif PPh Final yang tinggi dan sebagai bagian dari biaya Reksadana akan menimbulkan risiko yang tinggi bagi masyarakat investor. Pemberian insentif atas PPh Final dengan mengurangi prosentase pajak akan menggairahkan kembali transaksi Reksadana di Pasar Modal. Oleh karenanya, kenaikan PPh Final di tahun 2021 dan seterusnya menjadi 10% (sepuluh persen) harus ditunda agar transaksi Reksadana, termasuk Obligasi di dalamnya, tetap memiliki daya tarik dalam portfolio yang digunakan.
The Effects of Audit Committee Characteristics on Financial Distress in Banking Sector Companies Listing in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2018-2020
Authors: ‘Ilmi Farah Aghniya , Purnomowati Nasyiah Hasanah
Published: November 2023

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan memahami pengaruh karakteristik komite audit terhadap financial distress. Sumber data pada riset ini didapatkan dari laporan tahunan perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar pada Indonesian Directory Exchange (IDX) selama periode 2018-2020. Berdasarkan metode purposive sampling, jumlah sampel pada riset ini sebanyak 38 sampel perusahaan. Metode springate digunakan untuk menghitung financial distress pada riset ini. Pengujian hipotesis pada riset ini mempergunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda dengan program EViews 9. Temuan pada riset ini yaitu frekuensi pertemuan komite audit mempengaruhi financial distress, tetapi menunjukkan ukuran komite audit, background pendidikan komite audit dan keberagaman gender komite audit tidak mempengaruhi pada financial distress.
The Influence of Environmental Performance and Financial Performance on Company Value
Authors: Santo Vianty Adella , Hivianto Laura Silvany
Published: November 2023

Company value is a form of maximum corporate goals through increasing the prosperity of investors. The company value is seen from the price of the stock where the higher the value of the stock, the higher the value of the company. The company value is also known as one of factor for investors in making investments. Therefore, company management must pay attention to the company's value.
 
This research aims to examine the influence of environmental performance and financial performance on firm value. The population in this study is consumer non-cyclicals companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021. Environmental performance is measured by the PROPER rating and financial performance is measured by ROA and DAR. The data obtained are secondary data using purposive sampling method, with a total of 83 observations. This research uses SPSS 25 program with multiple regression statistical analysis model.
The results show that environmental performance has a negative effect on firm value. ROA and DAR have a positive effect on firm value.
Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Kualitas Pelayanan, Sanksi Perpajakan dan Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor
Authors: Kantohe Meidy , Lonto Miryam , Pakasi Yosua Gary
Published: November 2023

Pajak kendaraan bermotor merupakan Salah satu sumber pendapatan pajak daerah yang potensial bagi kabupaten Minahasa karena jumlah kendaraan yang terdaftar di Kantor Bersama SAMSAT Tondano semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Namun, hal ini belum sebanding dengan peningkatan jumlah wajib pajak yang membayar pajak kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak, kualitas pelayanan dan sanksi perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam membayar pajak kendaraan bermotor di kantor SAMSAT Tondano. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan populasi yaitu seluruh wajib pajak yang kendaraannya terdaftar di Kantor Bersama SAMSAT Tondano, sebanyak 107.383 orang wajib pajak. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Accidental Sampling yaitu wajib pajak yang secara kebetulan bertemu dengan peneliti di Kantor Bersama SAMSAT Tondano. Jumlah sampel dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus slovin dan diperoleh jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 orang wajib pajak. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan bantuan software SPSS versi 29. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran wajib pajak, kualitas pelayanan dan sanksi perpajakan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam membayar pajak kendaraan bermotor di kantor Bersama SAMSAT Tondano.
Sales Growth, Company Size, Profitability, and Non-Debt Tax Shield on Capital Structure In Food and Beverage Sub-Sector Companies Listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Renaldo Nicholas , Rusli Christian , Suhardjo Suhardjo , Suharti Suharti , Sevendy Tandy
Published: November 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of sales growth, company size, profitability, and non-debt tax shield on the capital structure of food and beverage sub-sector consumption companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2020 period. This study used secondary data. The sampling technique in this study used purposive sampling. The number of samples obtained amounted to 38 companies. Data analysis in this study used quantitative descriptive and several calculations using the SmartPLS software. From this study, it can be concluded that only the non-debt tax shield significantly affects capital structure. While sales growth, company size, and profitability do not have a significant effect on capital structure.
The Profitability Analysis on Company Value Using Islamic Social Reporting as a Moderating Variable
Authors: Rifan Dinda Fali , Hodijah Maria
Published: November 2023

Nilai perusahaan di suatu perusahaan pada umumnya diukur melalui harga saham. Nilai perusahaan yang tinggi umumnya ditandai juga meningkatnya harga saham suatu perusahaan di pasar. Bagi perusahaan yang tercantum di dalam Jakarta Islamic Index (JII), tingginya harga saham tidak juga diikuti dengan nilai profitabilitas yang tinggi baik menurun maupun meningkat. Indikator profitabilitas diukur melalui Return on Asset (ROA). Oleh sebab itu ditambahkan ISR sebagai variabel moderasi dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari variabel profitabilitas terhadap variabel nilai perusahaan dengan Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) sebagai variabel moderasi di perusahaan yang tercatat di dalam Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) tahun 2019-2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan melalui teknik purposive sampling, serta pengolahan data menggunakan SmartPLS versi 4. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Profitabilitas yang diproksikan melalui ROA tidak berpengaruh terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Selain itu, pengungkapan ISR sebagai variabel moderasi tidak dapat mempengaruhi hubungan antara profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Analysis of dynamics of professionally significant qualities development during athletic activities in case of male and female judoists
Authors: Vasilkova A. A. , Nazaryan S. E. , Reshkovich A. S.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of the study. To identify gender differences in the dynamics of the development of professionally significant skills during sports activities.

Results. Male judoists demonstrate greater speed and accuracy of their own movements, and also improve this skill faster than female judoists. It was also revealed that the development of the ability to anticipate the opponent’s movements proceeds more slowly (over the year, the value of the indicator in the group of men improved by 1.59 times, p < 0.05) than the development of the accuracy of perception of their own movements, which is noticeable after six months of training.
Pathophysiology of anemic syndrome in celiac disease and its therapeutic treatment
Authors: Oreshko L. S. , Ledentsova S. S. , Seliverstov P. V. , Salikova S. P. , Ivanyuk E. S.
Published: November 2023

The review presents modern ideas about the pathophysiology of the anemia syndrome associated with celiac disease. Brief information is provided about the main proteins involved in iron metabolism and their role in maintaining homeostasis. Attention is paid to the multifactorial pathogenetic mechanisms of anemia in celiac disease, the state of the duodenal mucosa and ultrastructural changes in the villi of enterocytes with signs of atrophy, which play a key role in the regulation of iron absorption, and also provides information on the mechanisms of the development of functional iron deﬁciency and its role in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic diseases.
Peculiarities of pharmacological prevention strategy of pancreatic complications after endoscopic papillosphincterotomy for choledocholithiasis
Authors: Styazhkina S. N. , Spiridonov T. R. , Novikova E. D. , Eltsov T. O.
Published: November 2023

The most frequent complication of endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPST) is acute pancreatitis. This complication is supposed to be based on mechanical, chemical, hydrostatic, enzymatic and thermal impact on pancreatic ducts and parenchyma. According to different literature data, the incidence of post-EPST pancreatitis (PEP) varies from 30 to 40%, and the mortality rate is 2–10%. The aim of the investigation was to expand information about peculiarities of early diagnostics and prevention of post-EST pancreatitis at the present stage. To reach the set goal we analyzed 559 case histories of patients with diagnosed cholelithiasis, 319 of them underwent EPST. During the study it was found out, that elevated neutrophils/ lymphocytes ratio over 4.96 (p = 0.001), high LDH level over 250 IU/ml (p = 0,010), as well as C-reactive to albumin index over 0,180 (p = 0.001) are reliable markers of early diagnosis. Also, indirect diagnostic markers of PEEP are biochemical signs of cholestasis and cytolysis of hepatocytes, as well as hyperglycemia combined with glucosuria. We consider the inclusion of intraoperative injections of papillotomy wound margins with epinephrine in combination with subsequent Somatostatin administration in combination with rectal diclofenac and intravenous hydration with Reamberin to be the most effective strategy for PEP prevention. Thus, we can conclude that despite the ongoing research and the search for effective algorithms for the prevention and early diagnosis of PEP, their data often contradict each other or simply do not conﬁrm their effectiveness. The problem of prevention and diagnosis of PEP remains complex and requires further study. There are discrepancies, sometimes signiﬁcant ones, in the current literature, which provides grounds for the development and research of new methods of early diagnosis and prevention.
Human Rights Perspectives on Resolving Medical Malpractice Cases through Penal Mediation in Indonesia
Authors: Suwito Suwito , Sari Liani , NGA Pham Thanh , Towadi Mellisa , Manullang Sardjana Orba
Published: November 2023

This study aims to analyze human rights perspectives in resolving medical malpractice cases through penal mediation in Indonesia and the United States and find solutions to improve human rights protection in resolving such issues in Indonesia. The research was conducted by juridical normative research methods with a comparative approach, and the analysis was carried out by legal hermeneutics. The results showed that penal mediation in resolving medical malpractice cases needs to be improved in Indonesia to pay more attention to the human rights of victims and perpetrators, especially regarding equality and recognition of victims. In the United States, it is necessary to create consistent and detailed federal laws regarding penal mediation to resolve medical malpractice cases. The legal concept/regulation of human rights protection in resolving medical malpractice cases through penal mediation in Indonesia must ensure that the human rights of victims and perpetrators are protected and that the solutions found meet the needs of both parties fairly and humanely.
Phytochemical characterization of Typha domingensis and the assessment of therapeutic potential using in vitro and in vivo biological activities and in silico studies
Authors: Dilshad Rizwana , Khan Kashif-ur-Rehman , Ahmad Saeed , Shaik Mohammad Asif Ansari , Sherif Asmaa E. , Rao Huma , Ahmad Maqsood , Ghalloo Bilal Ahmad , Begum M. Yasmin
Published: November 2023

Typha domingensis, a medicinal plant with significant traditional importance for curing various human diseases, has potentially bioactive compounds but was less explored previously. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of T. domingensis by evaluating the phytochemical profile through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques and its biological activities (in vitro and in vivo) from the methanolic extract derived from the entire plant (TDME). The secondary metabolite profile of TDME regulated by reverse phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC–MS) revealed some bioactive compounds by -ve and +ve modes of ionization. The HPLC quantification study showed the precise quantity of polyphenols (p-coumaric acid, 207.47; gallic acid, 96.25; and kaempferol, 95.78 μg/g extract). The enzyme inhibition assays revealed the IC50 of TDME as 44.75 ± 0.51, 52.71 ± 0.01, and 67.19 ± 0.68 µgmL-1, which were significant compared to their respective standards (indomethacin, 18.03 ± 0.12; quercetin, 4.11 ± 0.01; and thiourea, 8.97 ± 0.11) for lipoxygenase, α-glucosidase, and urease, respectively. Safety was assessed by in vitro hemolysis (4.25% ± 0.16% compared to triton × 100, 93.51% ± 0.36%), which was further confirmed (up to 10 g/kg) by an in vivo model of rats. TDME demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) potential in analgesic activity by hot plate and tail immersion tests and anti-inflammatory activity by the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model. Pain latency decreased significantly, and the anti-inflammatory effect increased in a dose-dependent way. Additionally, in silico molecular docking revealed that 1,3,4,5-tetracaffeoylquinic acid and formononetin 7-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate possibly contribute to enzyme inhibitory activities due to their higher binding affinities compared to standard inhibitors. An in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicological study also predicted the pharmacokinetics and safety of the chosen compounds identified from TDME. To sum up, it was shown that TDME contains bioactive chemicals and has strong biological activities. The current investigations on T. domingensis could be extended to explore its potential applications in nutraceutical industries and encourage the isolation of novel molecules with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Results of standardized government tests: an educational quality indicator
Authors: Barragán Sandra , Marcelo Eliacid
Published: November 2023

Considering the advances of standardized government assessments and their impact on the quality of education around the world, the aim of this paper was to characterize the influence of the results of the Saber 11 standardized test on Colombian public policies and on the quality of education, especially in Bogotá, from 2012 to 2022. To achieve this objective, a non-experimental methodology was designed using a mixed descriptive approach and a documentary source. Following the two phases of the methodology, the public policies, the characteristics of the test, the students assessed, the assessors, and the results for Bogotá were described. When achieving the proposed characterization, the discrepancy between the results of those evaluated and the goals proposed in the government plans was also observed. This discrepancy has not subsided despite the evolution of related public policies. The results of the standardized government tests for Bogotá were better than in the rest of the country, without implying that they were good. The national average and the average of the global scores for Bogotá were very close to half of the possible score to obtain. The results of the English tests placed Bogotá in the lower part of the scale of the Common European Framework.
Dynamic changes in cardiac morphology, function, and diffuse myocardial fibrosis duration of diabetes in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice models using 7.0 T CMR and echocardiography
Authors: Zhang Hong-Kai , Shi Chun-Yan , Liu Dong-Ting , Gao Hui-Qiang , Zhao Qian-Qian , Zhang Nan , Yang Lin , Li Guo-Qi , Wang Yue-Li , Du Yu , Li Qing , Bo Kai-Rui , Zhuang Baiyan , Fan Zhan-Ming , Sun Zhong-Hua , Xu Lei
Published: November 2023

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hence, early detection of cardiac changes by imaging is crucial to reducing cardiovascular complications.

Purpose

Early detection of cardiac changes is crucial to reducing cardiovascular complications. The study aimed to detect the dynamic change in cardiac morphology, function, and diffuse myocardial fibrosis(DMF) associated with T1DM and T2DM mice models.

Materials and methods

4-week-old C57Bl/6J male mice were randomly divided into control (n=30), T1DM (n=30), and T2DM (n=30) groups. A longitudinal study was conducted every 4 weeks using serial 7.0T CMR and echocardiography imaging. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF), tissue tracking parameters, and DMF were measured by cine CMR and extracellular volume fraction (ECV). Global peak circumferential strain (GCPS), peak systolic strain rate (GCPSSR) values were acquired by CMR feature tracking. LV diastolic function parameter (E/E’) was acquired by echocardiography. The correlations between the ECV and cardiac function parameters were assessed by Pearson’s test.

Results

A total of 6 mice were included every 4 weeks in control, T1DM, and T2DM groups for analysis. Compared to control group, an increase was detected in the LV mass and E/E’ ratio, while the values of GCPS, GCPSSR decreased mildly in DM. Compared to T2DM group, GCPS and GCPSSR decreased earlier in T1DM(GCPS 12W,P=0.004; GCPSSR 12W,P=0.04). ECV values showed a significant correlation with GCPS and GCPSSR in DM groups. Moreover, ECV values showed a strong positive correlation with E/E’(T1DM,r=0.757,P<0.001;T2DM, r=0.811,P<0.001).

Conclusion

The combination of ECV and cardiac mechanical parameters provide imaging biomakers for pathophysiology, early diagnosis of cardiac morphology, function and early intervention in diabetic cardiomyopathy in the future.
Driving factors and scenario prediction of carbon emission from transport sector in the Yangtze River Basin of China
Authors: Zhang Panxing , Li Songsong
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Climate change caused by carbon emission and their impact on social and economic system have garnered global attention, particularly from the world's largest emitters. Therefore, knowledge of both driving factors and reduction potential for carbon emission is crucial to revise climate policies. The transportation industry plays a major in global carbon emissions, mostly due to the excessive utilization of fossil fuels for combustion purposes.

Methods

The goal of this study is to investigate the underlying causes that drive carbon emissions in China's Yangtze River Basin. Additionally, this study seeks to anticipate the future potential reduction in carbon emission. To achieve these, our research used a combination of the LMDI method and Monte Carlo simulation.

Results and discussion

The results indicate that, during 2006 to 2020, transportation carbon emission increased from 48.41 Mt to 104.37 Mt, following an annual growth rate of 5.64%, which suggests that energy strategies are not fully implemented as planned. The greatest positive impact on carbon emission is attributed to economic development, as the increase in resident income has led to the vigorous development of the transportation sector. Moreover, energy intensity and transportation efficiency have a negative influence on carbon emissions. The decrease of carbon emissions can be accomplished by the continued advancement of novel energy technologies and the optimization of energy systems. According to the baseline scenario, it is projected that carbon emissions from the transport sector will reach 198.76 Mt by the year 2030. Under the moderate scenario, there is a possibility for reducing emissions by 18.6 Mt, and under the advanced scenario, the potential reduction is estimated to be 48.84 Mt. As a view to suppress the increase of carbon emission from transportation, a set of plans and policies must be implemented from demand-side and supply-side, including improving transportation efficiency, and optimizing energy structure, etc.
COMMBINI: an experimentally-informed COmputational Model of Macrophage dynamics in the Bone INjury Immunoresponse
Authors: Borgiani Edoardo , Nasello Gabriele , Ory Liesbeth , Herpelinck Tim , Groeneveldt Lisanne , Bucher Christian H. , Schmidt-Bleek Katharina , Geris Liesbet
Published: November 2023

Bone fracture healing is a well-orchestrated but complex process that involves numerous regulations at different scales. This complexity becomes particularly evident during the inflammatory stage, as immune cells invade the healing region and trigger a cascade of signals to promote a favorable regenerative environment. Thus, the emergence of criticalities during this stage might hinder the rest of the process. Therefore, the investigation of the many interactions that regulate the inflammation has a primary importance on the exploration of the overall healing progression. In this context, an in silico model named COMMBINI (COmputational Model of Macrophage dynamics in the Bone INjury Immunoresponse) has been developed to investigate the mechano-biological interactions during the early inflammatory stage at the tissue, cellular and molecular levels. An agent-based model is employed to simulate the behavior of immune cells, inflammatory cytokines and fracture debris as well as their reciprocal multiscale biological interactions during the development of the early inflammation (up to 5 days post-injury). The strength of the computational approach is the capacity of the in silico model to simulate the overall healing process by taking into account the numerous hidden events that contribute to its success. To calibrate the model, we present an in silico immunofluorescence method that enables a direct comparison at the cellular level between the model output and experimental immunofluorescent images. The combination of sensitivity analysis and a Genetic Algorithm allows dynamic cooperation between these techniques, enabling faster identification of the most accurate parameter values, reducing the disparity between computer simulation and histological data. The sensitivity analysis showed a higher sensibility of the computer model to the macrophage recruitment ratio during the early inflammation and to proliferation in the late stage. Furthermore, the Genetic Algorithm highlighted an underestimation of macrophage proliferation by in vitro experiments. Further experiments were conducted using another externally fixated murine model, providing an independent validation dataset. The validated COMMBINI platform serves as a novel tool to deepen the understanding of the intricacies of the early bone regeneration phases. COMMBINI aims to contribute to designing novel treatment strategies in both the biological and mechanical domains.
The complementary roles of STAT3 and STAT1 in cancer biology: insights into tumor pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wang Weiyuan , Lopez McDonald Melanie Cristina , Kim Christine , Ma Mirielle , Pan Zetao (Tommy) , Kaufmann Charlotte , Frank David A.
Published: November 2023

STATs are a family of transcription factors that regulate many critical cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Dysregulation of STATs is frequently observed in tumors and can directly drive cancer pathogenesis. STAT1 and STAT3 are generally viewed as mediating opposite roles in cancer development, with STAT1 suppressing tumorigenesis and STAT3 promoting oncogenesis. In this review, we investigate the specific roles of STAT1 and STAT3 in normal physiology and cancer biology, explore their interactions with each other, and offer insights into therapeutic strategies through modulating their transcriptional activity.
Evolutionary flexibility and rigidity in the bacterial methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway
Authors: Marshall Bailey , Amritkar Kaustubh , Wolfe Michael , Kaçar Betül , Landick Robert
Published: November 2023

Terpenoids are a diverse class of compounds with wide-ranging uses including as industrial solvents, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances. Efforts to produce terpenoids sustainably by engineering microbes for fermentation are ongoing, but industrial production still largely relies on nonrenewable sources. The methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway generates terpenoid precursor molecules and includes the enzyme Dxs and two iron–sulfur cluster enzymes: IspG and IspH. IspG and IspH are rate limiting-enzymes of the MEP pathway but are challenging for metabolic engineering because they require iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis and an ongoing supply of reducing equivalents to function. Therefore, identifying novel alternatives to IspG and IspH has been an on-going effort to aid in metabolic engineering of terpenoid biosynthesis. We report here an analysis of the evolutionary diversity of terpenoid biosynthesis strategies as a resource for exploration of alternative terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Using comparative genomics, we surveyed a database of 4,400 diverse bacterial species and found that some may have evolved alternatives to the first enzyme in the pathway, Dxs making it evolutionarily flexible. In contrast, we found that IspG and IspH are evolutionarily rigid because we could not identify any species that appear to have enzymatic routes that circumvent these enzymes. The ever-growing repository of sequenced bacterial genomes has great potential to provide metabolic engineers with alternative metabolic pathway solutions. With the current state of knowledge, we found that enzymes IspG and IspH are evolutionarily indispensable which informs both metabolic engineering efforts and our understanding of the evolution of terpenoid biosynthesis pathways.
LAG-3 expression in microglia regulated by IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and metalloproteases
Authors: Morisaki Yuta , Ohshima Motoki , Suzuki Hikaru , Misawa Hidemi
Published: November 2023

Microglia are resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in the development of CNS homeostasis. Excessive activation and neurotoxicity of microglia are observed in several CNS disorders, but the mechanisms regulating their activation remain unclear. Immune checkpoint molecules are expressed on activated immune cells and regulate their activation in peripheral immunity. However, the expression mechanism of immune checkpoint molecules in activated microglia is still unknown. Here, we analyzed the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in activated microglia using the mouse microglial cell line BV2 and primary cultured microglia. The expression of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), a type of immune checkpoint molecule, was increased in microglia activated by IFN-γ. IFN-γ-induced LAG-3 expression in microglia was suppressed by transfection of siRNA targeting STAT1. LAG-3 has two forms, membrane and soluble, and both forms were upregulated in microglia activated by IFN-γ. The production of soluble LAG-3 was suppressed by treatment with inhibitors of metalloproteinases such as ADAM10 and ADAM17. IFN-γ administration into cisterna magna of mice increased LAG-3 expression in spinal microglia. Furthermore, LAG-3 knockdown in microglia promoted nitric oxide production by IFN-γ. Our results demonstrate that LAG-3 expression in microglia is induced by the IFN-γ-STAT1 pathway and soluble LAG-3 production is regulated via cleavage of membranous LAG-3 by metalloproteinases including ADAM10 and ADAM17.
The implication of next-generation sequencing in the diagnosis and clinical management of non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Tomacinschii Victor , Mosquera Orgueira Adrian , Santos Carlos Aliste , Robu Maria , Buruiana Sanda , Fraga Rodriguez Maximo Francisco
Published: November 2023

Next generation sequencing (NGS) is a technology that broadens the horizon of knowledge of several somatic pathologies, especially in oncological and oncohematological pathology. In the case of NHL, the understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis, tumor proliferation and the identification of genetic markers specific to different lymphoma subtypes led to more accurate classification and diagnosis. Similarly, the data obtained through NGS allowed the identification of recurrent somatic mutations that can serve as therapeutic targets that can be inhibited and thus reducing the rate of resistant cases. The article’s purpose is to offer a comprehensive overview of the best ways of integrating of next-generation sequencing technologies for diagnosis, prognosis, classification, and selection of optimal therapy from the perspective of tailor-made medicine.
Approach to vaccinating the pediatric solid organ transplant candidate and recipient
Authors: Kao Carol M. , Michaels Marian G.
Published: November 2023

Solid organ transplantation (SOT) candidates and recipients are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable infections. Children are at particular risk given that they may not have completed their primary immunization series at time of transplant or have acquired natural immunity to pathogens from community exposures. Multiple society guidelines exist for vaccination of SOT candidate and recipients, although challenges remain given limited safety and efficacy data available for pediatric SOT recipients, particularly for live-vaccines. After transplant, individual patient nuances regarding exposure risks and net state of immunosuppression will impact timing of immunizations. The purpose of this review is to provide readers with a concise, practical, expert-opinion on the approach to vaccinating the SOT candidate and recipient and to supplement existing guidelines. In addition, pediatric-specific knowledge gaps in the field and future research priorities will be highlighted.
A combination of selenium and Bacillus subtilis improves the quality and flavor of meat and slaughter performance of broilers
Authors: Dong Jihong , Qiu Huiling , Gao Shansong , Hou Lele , Liu Huawei , Zhu Lianqin , Chen Fu
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combination of selenium and Bacillus subtilis (Se-BS) on the quality and flavor of meat and slaughter performance of broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments of a basal diet supplemented with no selenium (control), sodium selenite (SS), BS, or Se-BS and raised for 42 days. Compared with the control group, Se-BS significantly increased the carcass weight, the half-eviscerated weight, the completely eviscerated weight, the carcass rate, and redness in broiler muscles; improved the antioxidant state by increasing glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase activities, the total antioxidant capacity, and GPx-1 and thioredoxin reductase 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels; promoted biological activity by increasing the contents of glutamate, phenylalanine, lysine, and tyrosine; and increased Se and five types of nitrogenous volatile substances in muscles. On the other hand, Se-BS treatment decreased the shear force, drip loss, and the malondialdehyde, glutathione, and lead contents in muscles. Se-BS exerted a better effect on slaughter performance, the physicochemical quality of meat, the redox status, the amino acid contents, the trace element contents, and volatile substances compared with SS and BS. In conclusion, Se-BS had a positive effect on the quality and flavor of meat and slaughter performance of broilers, suggesting that Se-BS may be a beneficial feed additive.
Recent Progress on Catalytic of Rosin Esterification Using Different Agents of Reactant
Authors: Mardiah Mardiah , Samadhi Tjokorde Walmiki , Wulandari Winny , Aqsha Aqsha , Situmorang Yohanes Andre , Indarto Antonius
Published: November 2023

Gum rosin is an important agricultural commodity which is widely used as a raw material for various industries. However, gum rosin has low stability, crystallizes easily, and tends to oxidize. This is due to carboxyl groups and conjugated double bonds in gum rosin’s structure. Therefore, to reduce these weaknesses, it is necessary to modify the rosin compound to achieve better stability via the esterification process. This paper surveys esterification agents such as glycerol, pentaerythritol, methanol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), allyl group, and starch Rosin ester. The product is used in the manufacture of pressure-sensitive adhesives, drug delivery, solder flux for electronic devices, as a plasticizer, and as a coating agent in fertilizers. In general, the esterification reaction between alcohols and carboxylic acids is very slow without a catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysts have the advantage of controlling size, structure, spatial distribution, surface composition, thermal-chemical stability, and selectivity. Among the catalysts for gum rosin esterification are ZSM-5, Fe3O4, ZnO, Calcium, TiO2, Kaolin, and Al2O3, among others. Different catalysts and esterification agents can produce various physical and chemical properties of rosin ester and will result in specific rosin ester products, such as glycerol ester, pentaerythritol ester, methyl ester, glycol ester, allyl ester, and acid starch-based rosin.
Exogenous Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides Alleviate Cadmium Toxicity in Boehmeria nivea by Increasing the Cadmium Fixation Capacity of Cell Walls
Authors: Ma Yushen , Jie Hongdong , Zhao Long , Zhang Ying , He Pengliang , Lv Xueying , Liu Xiaochun , Xu Yan , Jie Yucheng
Published: November 2023

Xyloglucan is an important component of hemicellulose, and xyloglucan oligosaccharides (Xh), which are metabolized by xyloglucan, play an important role in plant growth and development. However, the regulatory effects of the external application of Xh under cadmium (Cd) stress have not been determined. In this study, we evaluated the mechanism by which Xh contributes to resistance to Cd stress in ramie, a candidate plant species for toxic ion removal. The external application of Xh effectively attenuated the effects of Cd on ramie growth and photosynthetic pigments. Cd stress can also inhibit the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), resulting in a significant increase in the extent of membrane lipid peroxidation. After the external application of Xh, antioxidant enzyme activity was up-regulated, and damage to membranes in plants was reduced. In addition, the external application of Xh increased Cd retention in roots, thereby significantly decreasing Cd content in shoots. The external application of Xh also regulated the subcellular distribution of Cd and increased the Cd content of the cell wall. In particular, a root cell wall analysis revealed that Cd+Xh treatment significantly increased the hemicellulose content in the cell wall and the amount of Cd retained. In summary, the external application of Xh alleviates Cd toxicity in ramie by increasing the hemicellulose content and the Cd fixation ability of the cell wall and by reducing membrane lipid peroxidation via antioxidant enzymes.
Multi-Output Regression Indoor Localization Algorithm Based on Hybrid Grey Wolf Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Xie Shicheng , Yu Xuexiang , Guo Zhongchen , Zhu Mingfei , Han Yuchen
Published: November 2023

In the evolving landscape of device-free localization techniques, Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI) emerges as a pivotal tool for environmental sensing. This study introduces a novel fingerprint localization algorithm. It employs an improved Hybrid Grey Wolf Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSOGWO) in combination with Multi-Output Support Vector Regression (MSVR) to enhance indoor positioning accuracy. To counteract the limitations of standard DBSCAN and PCA in noise reduction and feature extraction from complex nonlinear data, we propose an adaptive denoising algorithm based on spatial clustering (A-DBSCAN) and an autoencoder to efficiently denoise and extract features from CSI amplitude to improve the localization accuracy. Additionally, we introduce a new position update strategy, bolstering the optimization efficiency of the PSOGWO algorithm. This refined approach is instrumental in determining the globally optimal hyperparameters in MSVR, leading to enhanced model prediction accuracy. Two indoor scenario experiments were conducted to evaluate our method, yielding average localization errors of 0.59 m and 1.12 m, marking an improvement in localization performance compared to existing methods.
Straightforward Magnetic Resonance Temperature Measurements Combined with High Frame Rate and Magnetic Susceptibility Correction
Authors: Kim Sangwoo , Kim Donghyuk , Oh Sukhoon
Published: November 2023

Proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) is an MRI-based simple temperature mapping method that exhibits higher spatial and temporal resolution than temperature mapping methods based on T1 relaxation time and diffusion. PRFS temperature measurements are validated against fiber-optic thermal sensors (FOSs). However, the use of FOSs may introduce temperature errors, leading to both underestimation and overestimation of PRFS measurements, primarily due to material susceptibility changes caused by the thermal sensors. In this study, we demonstrated susceptibility-corrected PRFS (scPRFS) with a high frame rate and accuracy for suitably distributed temperatures. A single-echo-based background removal technique was employed for phase variation correction, primarily owing to magnetic susceptibility, which enabled fast temperature mapping. The scPRFS was used to validate the temperature fidelity by comparing the temperatures of fiber-optic sensors and conventional PRFS through phantom-mimicked human and ex vivo experiments. This study demonstrates that scPRFS measurements in agar-gel are in good agreement with the thermal sensor readings, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.33–0.36 °C in the phantom model and 0.12–0.16 °C in the ex vivo experiment. These results highlight the potential of scPRFS for precise thermal monitoring and ablation in both low- and high-temperature non-invasive therapies.
A Review on the Usability, Flexibility, Affinity, and Affordability of Virtual Technology for Rehabilitation Training of Upper Limb Amputees
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Zhang Di , Miao Ke , Guo Yao , Jiang Xinyu , Zhang Xi , Jia Fumin , Tang Hao , Dai Chenyun
Published: November 2023

(1) Background: Prosthetic rehabilitation is essential for upper limb amputees to regain their ability to work. However, the abandonment rate of prosthetics is higher than 50% due to the high cost of rehabilitation. Virtual technology shows potential for improving the availability and cost-effectiveness of prosthetic rehabilitation. This article systematically reviews the application of virtual technology for the prosthetic rehabilitation of upper limb amputees. (2) Methods: We followed PRISMA review guidance, STROBE, and CASP to evaluate the included articles. Finally, 17 articles were screened from 22,609 articles. (3) Results: This study reviews the possible benefits of using virtual technology from four aspects: usability, flexibility, psychological affinity, and long-term affordability. Three significant challenges are also discussed: realism, closed-loop control, and multi-modality integration. (4) Conclusions: Virtual technology allows for flexible and configurable control rehabilitation, both during hospital admissions and after discharge, at a relatively low cost. The technology shows promise in addressing the critical barrier of current prosthetic training issues, potentially improving the practical availability of prosthesis techniques for upper limb amputees.
Bioactive Compounds from an Endophytic Pezicula sp. Showing Antagonistic Effects against the Ash Dieback Pathogen
Authors: Demir Özge , Zeng Haoxuan , Schulz Barbara , Schrey Hedda , Steinert Michael , Stadler Marc , Surup Frank
Published: November 2023

A fungal endophyte originating from the Canary Islands was identified as a potent antagonist against the fungal phytopathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which causes the devastating ash dieback disease. This endophyte was tentatively identified as Pezicula cf. ericae, using molecular barcoding. Isolation of secondary metabolites by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) yielded the known compounds CJ-17,572 (1), mycorrhizin A (3) and cryptosporioptides A–C (4–6), besides a new N-acetylated dihydroxyphenylalanin derivative 2, named peziculastatin. Planar structures were elucidated by NMR and HRMS data, while the relative stereochemistry of 2 was assigned by H,H and C,H coupling constants. The assignment of the unknown stereochemistry of CJ-17,572 (1) was hampered by the broadening of NMR signals. Nevertheless, after semisynthetic conversion of 1 into its methyl derivatives 7 and 8, presumably preventing tautomeric effects, the relative configuration could be assigned, whereas comparison of ECD data to those of related compounds determined the absolute configuration. Metabolites 1 and 3 showed significant antifungal effects in vitro against H. fraxineus. Furthermore, 4–6 exhibited significant dispersive effects on preformed biofilms of S. aureus at concentrations up to 2 µg/mL, while the biofilm formation of C. albicans was also inhibited. Thus, cryptosporioptides might constitute a potential source for the development of novel antibiofilm agents.
Assessing Genetic Algorithm-Based Docking Protocols for Prediction of Heparin Oligosaccharide Binding Geometries onto Proteins
Authors: Holmes Samuel G. , Desai Umesh R.
Published: November 2023

Although molecular docking has evolved dramatically over the years, its application to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) has remained challenging because of their intrinsic flexibility, highly anionic character and rather ill-defined site of binding on proteins. GAGs have been treated as either fully “rigid” or fully “flexible” in molecular docking. We reasoned that an intermediate semi-rigid docking (SRD) protocol may be better for the recapitulation of native heparin/heparan sulfate (Hp/HS) topologies. Herein, we study 18 Hp/HS–protein co-complexes containing chains from disaccharide to decasaccharide using genetic algorithm-based docking with rigid, semi-rigid, and flexible docking protocols. Our work reveals that rigid and semi-rigid protocols recapitulate native poses for longer chains (5→10 mers) significantly better than the flexible protocol, while 2→4-mer poses are better predicted using the semi-rigid approach. More importantly, the semi-rigid docking protocol is likely to perform better when no crystal structure information is available. We also present a new parameter for parsing selective versus non-selective GAG–protein systems, which relies on two computational parameters including consistency of binding (i.e., RMSD) and docking score (i.e., GOLD Score). The new semi-rigid protocol in combination with the new computational parameter is expected to be particularly useful in high-throughput screening of GAG sequences for identifying promising druggable targets as well as drug-like Hp/HS sequences.