bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dielectric function and band structure of Sn1−xGex (x < 0.06) alloys on InSb
Authors: Carrasco Rigo A. , Zollner Stefan , Chastang Stephanie A. , Duan Jinsong , Grzybowski Gordon J. , Claflin Bruce B. , Kiefer Arnold M.
Published: February 2019

Tin-rich Sn1−xGex alloys with Ge contents up to 6% were grown pseudomorphically on InSb (001) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy at room temperature. The alloys show a germanium-like lattice and electronic structure and respond to the biaxial stress within continuum elasticity theory, which influences bands and interband optical transitions. The dielectric function of these alloys was determined from 0.16 to 4.7 eV using Fourier-transform infrared and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The E1 and E1 + Δ1 critical points decrease with the increasing Ge content with a bowing parameter similar to the one established for Ge-rich Sn1−xGex alloys. On the other hand, the inverted direct bandgap E¯0 is nearly independent of the Ge content, which requires a bowing parameter of about 0.8 eV, much lower than what has been established using photoluminescence experiments of Ge-rich relaxed Sn1−xGex alloys.
Quantum effects in cryocrystals in a wide temperature range
Authors: Leont’eva A. , Prokhorov A. , Romanusha V. , Efimov V.
Published: February 2019

Due to the ever-increasing interest in cryocrystals in scientific and applied problems, a thorough study of their various properties and characteristics is necessary. The analysis of experimental anomalies in a number of physical properties of quantum cryocrystals (helium, hydrogen and methane) is presented in the low-temperature region. In this temperature region thermal fluctuations decrease sharply, whereas the role of quantum fluctuations stays dominant. This is manifested not only in the translational motion of atoms or defects in such crystals (as helium, neon), but also in the rotational degrees of freedom, for example, in the properties of solid methane and hydrogen.
Residual entropy in the zero-temperature limit of toluene glass
Authors: Moratalla M. , Bejarano P. , Castilla J. M. , Ramos M. A.
Published: February 2019

The specific heat Cp of toluene, doped with 2 mol% ethanol to avoid rapid crystallization, has been measured in both glass and crystal states, and with special accuracy at low temperatures in the range 1.8−20 K using the thermal relaxation method. By making use of the complementary Cp curves measured in the reference crystal state, we have been able to obtain the entropy curve of the glass and eventually the residual entropy of toluene glass in the zero-temperature limit, that is found to be 5.1 J/(K⋅mol). This value is clearly lower than others pre-viously reported in the literature, which lack the knowledge of the particular specific-heat behavior of glasses at low temperatures and hence overestimated the glass residual entropy at zero temperature. In addition, we have studied in detail such low-temperature “glassy anomalies” in the case of toluene, extending and improving pre- vious measurements. The surprising depletion previously reported of tunneling two-level systems in toluene glass has been confirmed, though this fact coexists with the presence of a broad peak typical of glasses (the so-called boson peak) in Cp/T3 at 4.5 K. For the toluene crystal, the expected cubic Debye behavior has been found at lower temperatures.
The thermal diffusivity of molecular cryocrystals
Authors: Sumarokov V. V. , Jeżowski A. , Stachowiak P. , Freiman Yu. A.
Published: February 2019

Low-temperature thermal diffusivity of molecular cryocrystals (O2, N2, CO, N2O and CO2) has been investigated and some anomalies were found. The thermal diffusivity of these crystals vary by more than 4–6 orders of the magnitude in the temperature range from 1 K up to their triple points. The thermal diffusivity displays jumps at the phase transition points. It has been found that the thermal diffusivity of solid oxygen is nonmonotonic. Below 4 K, the temperature dependence shows a plateau which is due to the fact that both the heat capacity and the thermal conductivity have the cubic temperature dependence in this temperature range. For the cryocrystals of the nitrogen group, a similar plateau is shifted to lower temperatures. The temperature dependence of the equalization time for these crystals is studied.
Exploring the surface of gallium oxide
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: February 2019

Authors report downward band bending and electron accumulation at the surface of gallium oxide due to the presence of hydroxide.
Plants of the Victorian High Country
Authors: Murphy John , Dowling Bill
Published: February 2019

Plants of the Victorian High Country allows walkers with little botanical knowledge to identify plants they are likely to encounter along the popular tracks of Victoria's High Country.
This Second Edition has been revised and expanded to describe 133 plants from the montane, sub-alpine and alpine zones, categorising them into five easily distinguished groups: herbs, daisy herbs, low woody shrubs, tall shrubs and trees, and eucalypts. The guide features a glossary of botanical terms, straightforward identification keys, clear photos of the leaves, flowers and stems of the plant, and includes notes on Aboriginal plant usage.
If you are a nature lover, planning to walk in the Victorian High Country, this book is an essential addition to your backpack.
Structural, functional, and behavioral insights of dopamine dysfunction revealed by a deletion in
SLC6A3
Authors: Campbell Nicholas G. , Shekar Aparna , Aguilar Jenny I. , Peng Dungeng , Navratna Vikas , Yang Dongxue , Morley Alexander N. , Duran Amanda M. , Galli Greta , O’Grady Brian , Ramachandran Ramnarayan , Sutcliffe James S. , Sitte Harald H. , Erreger Kevin , Meiler Jens , Stockner Thomas , Bellan Leon M. , Matthies Heinrich J. G. , Gouaux Eric , Mchaourab Hassane S. , Galli Aurelio
Published: February 2019

The human dopamine (DA) transporter (hDAT) mediates clearance of DA. Genetic variants in hDAT have been associated with DA dysfunction, a complication associated with several brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we investigated the structural and behavioral bases of an ASD-associated in-frame deletion in hDAT at N336 (∆N336). We uncovered that the deletion promoted a previously unobserved conformation of the intracellular gate of the transporter, likely representing the rate-limiting step of the transport process. It is defined by a “half-open and inward-facing” state (HOIF) of the intracellular gate that is stabilized by a network of interactions conserved phylogenetically, as we demonstrated in hDAT by Rosetta molecular modeling and fine-grained simulations, as well as in its bacterial homolog leucine transporter by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and X-ray crystallography. The stabilization of the HOIF state is associated both with DA dysfunctions demonstrated in isolated brains of
Drosophila melanogaster
expressing hDAT ∆N336 and with abnormal behaviors observed at high-time resolution. These flies display increased fear, impaired social interactions, and locomotion traits we associate with DA dysfunction and the HOIF state. Together, our results describe how a genetic variation causes DA dysfunction and abnormal behaviors by stabilizing a HOIF state of the transporter.
Klebsiella oxytoca
enterotoxins tilimycin and tilivalline have distinct host DNA-damaging and microtubule-stabilizing activities
Authors: Unterhauser Katrin , Pöltl Lisa , Schneditz Georg , Kienesberger Sabine , Glabonjat Ronald A. , Kitsera Maksym , Pletz Jakob , Josa-Prado Fernando , Dornisch Elisabeth , Lembacher-Fadum Christian , Roier Sandro , Gorkiewicz Gregor , Lucena Daniel , Barasoain Isabel , Kroutil Wolfgang , Wiedner Marc , Loizou Joanna I. , Breinbauer Rolf , Díaz José Fernando , Schild Stefan , Högenauer Christoph , Zechner Ellen L.
Published: February 2019

Significance

Human gut microbes form a complex community with vast biosynthetic potential. Microbial products and metabolites released in the gut impact human health and disease. However, defining causative relationships between specific bacterial products and disease initiation and progression remains an immense challenge. This study advances understanding of the functional capacity of the gut microbiota by determining the presence, concentration, and spatial and temporal variability of two enterotoxic metabolites produced by the gut-resident
Klebsiella oxytoca
. We present a detailed mode of action for the cytotoxins and recapitulate their functionalities in disease models in vivo. The findings provide distinct molecular mechanisms for the enterotoxicity of the metabolites allowing them to act in tandem to damage the intestinal epithelium and cause colitis.
Functional integrity of the contractile actin cortex is safeguarded by multiple Diaphanous-related formins
Authors: Litschko Christof , Brühmann Stefan , Csiszár Agnes , Stephan Till , Dimchev Vanessa , Damiano-Guercio Julia , Junemann Alexander , Körber Sarah , Winterhoff Moritz , Nordholz Benjamin , Ramalingam Nagendran , Peckham Michelle , Rottner Klemens , Merkel Rudolf , Faix Jan
Published: February 2019

Significance

The actin-rich cell cortex is a viscoelastic structure participating in a variety of cellular processes. However, the complete inventory of actin assembly factors driving its formation and knowledge about their specific contributions is still incomplete. We show here that functional integrity of the cell cortex in
Dictyostelium
and mammalian cells is backed up by multiple Diaphanous-related formins (DRFs) that are regulated by Rho-subfamily GTPases. These DRFs contribute to the generation of long actin filaments of the contractile actin cortex and are required for cell mechanics. Of note, these factors are excluded from Arp2/3 complex-nucleated networks, implying diversification of the cortex into functional subcompartments to segregate cortical actomyosin contraction in the rear or cleavage furrow ingression from actin-based protrusion in the front.
Engineering extracellular vesicles as novel treatment options: exploiting herpesviral immunity in CLL
Authors: Gärtner Kathrin , Luckner Manja , Wanner Gerhard , Zeidler Reinhard
Published: February 2019

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of cell–cell communication. Intriguingly, EVs can be engineered and thus exploited for the targeted transfer of functional proteins of interest. Thus, engineered EVs may constitute attractive tools for the development of novel therapeutic interventions, like cancer immunotherapies, vaccinations or targeted drug delivery. Here, we describe a novel experimental immunotherapeutic approach for the adjuvant treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) based on engineered EVs carrying gp350, the major glycoprotein of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), CD40L, a central immune accessory molecule and pp65, an immunodominant antigen of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV). We show that these engineered EVs specifically interact with malignant B cells from CLL patients and render these cells immunogenic to allogeneic and autologous EBV‐ and CMV‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Collectively, co‐opting engineered EVs to re‐target the strong herpesviral immunity in CLL patients to malignant cells constitutes an attractive strategy for the adjuvant treatment of a still incurable disease.

Abbreviations: CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; EBV: Epstein‐Barr virus; CMV: cytomegalovirus
Predicting HESI® Exit Exam Success: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Gillespie Maria D. , Nadeau Julie W.
Published: February 2019

Controversy surrounds the use of standardized exit exams to predict and prepare students for NCLEX success. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between Kaplan integrated exam scores and the HESI® exit exam score to determine early indicators of success on the exit exam. A retrospective records review was used to explore relationships between performance on integrated tests and the standardized exit exam. A solid Kaplan comprehensive medical surgical exam score was highly correlated with success on the HESI exit exam. Tracking and follow-up resulted in exit exam success for nearly all students.
Letrozole Compared With Clomiphene Citrate for Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Eskew Ashley M. , Bedrick Bronwyn S. , Hardi Angela , Stoll Carolyn R. T. , Colditz Graham A. , Tuuli Methodius G. , Jungheim Emily S.
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the clinical effectiveness, as determined by positive pregnancy test, of letrozole compared with clomiphene citrate for ovarian stimulation in patients with unexplained infertility.

DATA SOURCES:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from electronic databases including Ovid-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and ClinicalTrials.gov.

METHODS:

We searched for concepts of unexplained infertility, letrozole, clomiphene citrate, and clinical outcomes including pregnancy and live birth. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing clomiphene citrate with letrozole in patients with unexplained infertility. Eight RCTs including 2,647 patients with unexplained infertility were included. Primary outcome was positive pregnancy test per patient. Secondary outcomes included positive pregnancy test per cycle, clinical pregnancy, live birth, spontaneous miscarriage, twin gestation, mean serum estradiol (E2), endometrial thickness, and number of dominant follicles. The Cochrane Q test and Higgin's I2 were used to assess heterogeneity. Random effects models were used to obtain pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% CIs.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:

In analysis per patient, there was no significant difference in positive pregnancy test between patients treated with letrozole compared with clomiphene citrate (24% vs 23%, pooled RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.85–1.36). Significant heterogeneity was noted between studies (I2=60.8%). There were no significant differences in clinical pregnancy (pooled RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.71–1.85), live birth (pooled RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.83–1.08), spontaneous miscarriage (pooled RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.61–1.38), or twin gestation (pooled RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.39–1.68). Mean serum E2 was significantly lower in the letrozole group than in the clomiphene citrate group.

CONCLUSION:

Although limited by heterogeneity, studies of ovarian stimulation in women with unexplained infertility show no difference in clinical outcomes between letrozole and clomiphene citrate.
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate and the Risk of Glucose Intolerance in Pregnancy
Authors: Eke Ahizechukwu C. , Sheffield Jeanne , Graham Ernest M.
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate whether 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate use in preventing preterm birth increases the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

DATA SOURCES:

Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO, EMBASE, Scielo and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for studies published before October 2018. Keywords included “gestational diabetes,” “preterm birth,” “pregnancy,” and “17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate.”

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:

Studies comparing 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate with unexposed control groups in women with singleton gestation and a history of a prior spontaneous preterm birth were included. The primary outcome was the development of GDM. Secondary outcomes included abnormal 1-hour, 50-g glucose screen results and mean venous blood glucose levels. Summary estimates were reported as mean differences and 95% CI for continuous variables or relative risk (RR) with 95% CI for dichotomous outcomes. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION AND RESULTS:

Six studies, four of which were cohort studies, met inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. Of the 5,053 women, 1,538 (30.4%) received 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and 3,515 (69.6%) were in unexposed control groups. The overall rate of GDM in women exposed to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate was 10.9% vs 6.1% in women who were not exposed (RR 1.77, 95% CI 1.22–2.55). After exclusion of the cohort studies, the summary estimate of effect was nonsignificant among women who had been randomly allocated to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (RR 1.21, 95% CI 0.63–2.36).

CONCLUSION:

Women with singleton gestations receiving weekly 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate for recurrent preterm birth prevention had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal glucose test results and GDM compared with those in unexposed control groups, a finding that did not hold among women who had been randomly allocated to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate.

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION:

PROSPERO, CRD42016041694.
Efficacy and Safety of Genotype-Guided Warfarin Dosing in the Chinese Population: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Feifei , Guo Jun , Zhang Aidong
Published: February 2019

Aims:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using genetic information to guide warfarin dosing in the Chinese population.

Methods:

This meta-analysis was conducted among the published, randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) in the Chinese population comparing genotype-guided warfarin dosing (PG group) with clinical or standard warfarin dosing (STD group). RCTs published on or before January 2018 were identified using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Chinese VIP database, and Chinese Wanfang database.

Result:

Intotal, 2137 participants from 14 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Primary analysis showed that both bleeding events [odds ratio (OR) = 0.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11–0.52; P = 0.0003] and adverse events (OR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43–0.83; P = 0.002) were significantly lower in the genotype-guided group than in the clinical or standard group. The percentage of patients who received a warfarin-stable therapeutic dose during follow-up was increased in the genotype-guided group compared with the percentage in the clinical or standard group (OR = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.82–3.95; P < 0.00001). In the genotype-guided group, the time to a stable therapeutic dose (mean difference = −7.98; 95% CI, −9.08 to −6.87; P < 0.00001) and the time to the first target value (mean difference = −1.87; 95% CI, −3.41 to −0.32; P = 0.02) were shortened compared with those of the clinical or standard group, but there was no difference for international normalized ratio >4, between the 2 groups (OR = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.14–1.25; P = 0.12).

Conclusions:

Genotype-guided warfarin-dosing algorithms could improve the efficacy and safety of warfarin anticoagulation in the Chinese population.
The NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor, OLT1177 (Dapansutrile), Reduces Infarct Size and Preserves Contractile Function After Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in the Mouse
Authors: Toldo Stefano , Mauro Adolfo Gabriele , Cutter Zachary , Van Tassell Benjamin W. , Mezzaroma Eleonora , Del Buono Marco Giuseppe , Prestamburgo Andrea , Potere Nicola , Abbate Antonio
Published: February 2019

Background:

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a primary driver of sterile inflammation in response to myocardial ischemia reperfusion. Pharmacologic inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome are being developed. We proposed that OLT1177 (dapansutrile), a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, could preserve myocardial function after ischemia reperfusion injury in the mouse.

Methods:

We used an experimental murine model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury through transient ligation of the left coronary artery and measured the effects of OLT1177 (6, 60, or 600 mg/kg intraperitoneal dose) on infarct size at pathology and on systolic cardiac function at echocardiography. To simulate a clinical scenario, we investigated the time window of therapeutic intervention with OLT1177 (60 mg/kg) administered 60, 120, or 180 minutes after reperfusion.

Results:

OLT1177 was rapidly detectable in the plasma following intraperitoneal injection and had no effect on cardiac function in healthy mice. OLT1177 treatment at reperfusion showed significant dose-dependent reduction in infarct size (−36%, −67%, and −62% for 6, 60, and 600 mg/kg, respectively; P < 0.001 for linear trend, P = 0.010 vs. vehicle for 6 mg/kg, and P < 0.001 vs. vehicle for 60 and 600 mg/kg) and preserved cardiac systolic function measured as left ventricular fractional shortening at 24 hours and 7 days after injury (P = 0.015 for 6 mg/kg and P < 0.01 for 60 and 600 mg/kg). OLT1177 reduced infarct size also when given after 60 minutes of reperfusion (−71%, P < 0.001 vs. vehicle).

Conclusion:

OLT1177 (dapansutrile) limits infarct size and prevents left ventricular systolic dysfunction when given within 60 minutes following ischemia reperfusion injury in the mouse.
Neurological diseases in pregnancy
Authors: Toscano Marika , Thornburg Loralei L.
Published: February 2019

Purpose of review

To summarize recent research findings and current concepts related to care of neurologic diseases in pregnancy and the risks of pregnancy to the mother–infant dyad. Recent publications related to best practices for neurologic care, risks of pregnancy, rate of relapse during and after pregnancy, as well as medication safety in pregnancy and lactation for more commonly used neurologic medications are reviewed.

Recent findings

Data continues to grow that women with neurologic conditions can experience pregnancy with minimal risks. Additionally, as more data is being published on medication safety in pregnancy and lactation, most medical therapy is now thought to be compatible, improving symptoms and care for women with neurologic conditions who require pharmacologic treatment. However, data remains limited from clinical trials and from more objective studies. Researchers continue to clarify the impact of pregnancy on the course of chronic neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, epilepsy, migraine, and cerebral aneurysms as well as the impact of these diseases on antepartum, labor and delivery, and postpartum management and neonatal course. Acute neurological conditions with pregnancy-associated risk such as stroke, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are increasingly studied to determine individuals who are most vulnerable to these serious complications.

Many neurological diseases coexist with pregnancy. Recent research indicates a good prognosis for both mother and neonate. Although research related to neurologic disease in pregnancy is growing, it remains an area that deserves further focus to guide evidence-based care. With advances in research on therapeutic options, some women can achieve a safe pregnancy in the setting of chronic neurological disease.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COOG/A45.
Magnesium sulfate use for fetal neuroprotection
Authors: Brookfield Kathleen F. , Vinson Abigail
Published: February 2019

Purpose of review

The aim of this review is to describe the proposed mechanisms of action of magnesium sulfate for fetal neuroprotection, different dosing regimens of the drug that have shown benefit, and to review recent pharmacokinetic studies of the drug to better inform clinicians regarding expected benefits and remaining research questions.

Recent findings

Retrospective secondary analysis of the beneficial effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate trial database and prospective pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling indicate magnesium sulfate administration for duration longer than 18 h, given within 12 h of delivery, and maintaining a maternal serum level of 4.1 mg/dl may maximize the neuroprotective benefits of the drug.

Magnesium sulfate in some dosage given before very preterm pregnancy delivery is beneficial for fetal neuroprotection. The exact dose, duration, and timing of administration to maximize this benefit may be more precisely studied using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling techniques before conducting larger randomized trials.
Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa with Extensive Resection of the Lesion and Coverage with Perforator Flaps of the Lateral Thoracic Wall (Lateral Thoracic Artery, Thoracodorsal Artery Perforators)
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge M. , Rodriguez Felipe , Rivera Daniel , Naranjo Karol
Published: February 2019

Stage IV hidradenitis suppurativa in the axilla is a chronic disease in which the removal of the affected area and a reconstruction with disease free skin is the definitive treatment; however there is some controversy about the technique to be used in this reconstruction. Studies show superiority in wide resections, and coverage with flaps rather than grafts. The use of pedicle flaps of lateral thoracic artery perforators and thoracodorsal artery perforators has demonstrated superior performance to other techniques in postsurgical follow-up. This article describes the cases of 2 patients with chronic HS in which lesions were resected with disease-free margins and the reconstruction of the defect is carried out with lateral thoracic wall perforator flaps and the subsequent improvement in their life quality after surgery.
The Association Between Yoga Use, Physical Function, and Employment in Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Greysen Heather M. , Hong Oi Saeng , Katz Patricia
Published: February 2019

Mind-body exercises such as yoga offer patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a symptom management strategy for improving physical and mental health. Studies have evaluated yoga to manage symptoms of RA and improve physical function; however, none has examined the relationship between yoga and work status in adults with RA. The objective was to describe differences in RA symptomatology, physical function scores, and work status between adults with RA who participate in yoga and those who do not. This cross-sectional study surveyed adults with rheumatologist-diagnosed RA regarding yoga use in the past year, symptoms, physical function, and work status. Differences between yoga and non-yoga participation groups were assessed with 2-sided t tests or Pearson χ2 tests. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to identify significant associations between yoga participation and primary outcomes. The sample included 398 adults with RA; 88% were females, 66% were white, mean age 61.8 years, mean disease duration 24.8 years; 10.6% participated in yoga. Vinyasa, Bikram, Hatha, Iyengar, and restorative yoga styles were practiced, mostly in a group setting. Yoga participants were significantly more likely to work full-time, less likely to be unable to work due to disability, and had better physical function. These findings characterize yoga practice and practitioners among adults with RA. In adults with RA, yoga participation is associated with full-time work status and better physical function than nonparticipation. This study adds additional information to the growing body of literature about adults with RA who practice yoga.
Pediatric Oncology and Animal-Assisted Interventions
Authors: Cotoc Crina , An Ruopeng , Klonoff-Cohen Hillary
Published: February 2019

Animal-assisted interventions are part of the therapeutic plan in pediatric oncology. This is the first systematic review to summarize the literature and provide insights for new clinical approaches, policy, best practices, and standards. The results underline the potentially beneficial role for pediatric patients, parents, caregivers, and medical staff.
Nurses' Experience of Body Nursing Care
Authors: Marchetti Anna , Piredda Michela , Facchinetti Gabriella , Virgolesi Michele , Garrino Lorenza , Dimonte Valerio , De Marinis Maria Grazia
Published: February 2019

As a practice, nursing centers on patients' bodies and how they live the experience of illness and disability through their bodies (embodiment). International nursing studies conducted on the topic of body care primarily include theoretical studies, whereas empirical studies remain sparse. The aim of this study was to describe nurses' perceptions of the role of their bodies and the bodies of patients during body care. This study used a descriptive phenomenological study based on Husserl's philosophical perspective. A purposive sample of 11 Italian registered nurses representing the highest level of nursing education, different clinical experience levels, and different clinical specialties were interviewed. Data were collected between July 2015 and September 2015. Open-ended interviews were analyzed using Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological method. Lincoln and Guba's strategies were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the data. In addition to the overarching theme, “Body care is the heart of nursing,” 4 major themes with 13 subthemes emerged from the data. The 4 major themes were as follows: (1) “Body care encompasses the essence of person”; (2) “Body care touches the heart of person”; (3) “The body generates opposite strategies of care”; and (4) “In time, the body ‘nourishes’ the helping relationship.” Nurses considered body and embodiment concepts central to nursing. Body care is treated as an experience with extraordinary emotional contents, allowing nurses to discover the essentials of human nature.
Radiation Dose Due to Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Soils from Varying Geological Environments
Authors: Huang Feng-Yun J. , Hsu Fang-Yuh , Chen Tzung-Yuang , Chao Jiunn-Hsing
Published: February 2019

Field radiation monitoring and radionuclide analysis of soils were performed at various geological areas in Taiwan. The field-observed dose rate was 0.031–0.107 μGy h−1. The dose rate ascribed to naturally occurring radionuclides in soils that were geologically characterized varied from 0.002 to 0.079 μGy h−1. A linear correlation was observed between the activity-derived and field-observed dose, which indicated that the absorbed dose rate from the cosmic rays is almost constant (0.030 μGy h−1) throughout the flat area on the island.
Mobile Geolocation Technology to Improve Multidisciplinary Care of Patients With Ventricular Assist Devices: A Feasibility Study
Authors: DeFilippis Ersilia M. , Safavi Kyan , Reyes Jahir , Coakley Lara , Hickey Maryclare , Givertz Michael M.
Published: February 2019

We evaluated the feasibility of a mobile phone–based geolocation technology in patients with ventricular assist devices (VAD). We prospectively enrolled VAD patients with a smartphone for 6 months. A proprietary mobile technology platform (Position Health, Reading, MA) was downloaded onto Apple or Android smartphones. When a patient entered an emergency department, the app was activated and a “ping” with patient location and contact information was sent to our VAD team pager. Fifty-four patients were approached, and 21 were enrolled. The primary reason for nonenrollment was lack of smartphone (46%). The technology was active for 3780 patient-days and activated on 4 occasions, all cases in which patients were inside a hospital but not seeking emergency care. When surveyed at 3 and 6 months, 90% and 100% of patients, respectively, reported the app remained active on their phones; 14 of 18 (78%) reported the app was helpful and gave them additional reassurance. Implementing this technology for VAD patients was feasible and accepted by patients and providers, but a larger study is needed to demonstrate an impact on care delivery.
Emergency Department Observation Unit Utilization Among Older Patients With Chest Pain
Authors: Madsen Troy , Perkins Rachelle , Holt Brennen , Carlson Margaret , Steenblik Jacob , Bossart Philip , Hartsell Stephen
Published: February 2019

Background:

Although some emergency department observation units (EDOUs) may exclude patients over 65 years old, our EDOU accepts patients up to 79 years old. We assessed the utilization of our EDOU by older patients (those 65–79 years old).

Methods:

We prospectively enrolled emergency department (ED) patients with chest pain. We gathered baseline data at the time of ED presentation and tracked outcomes related to the ED stay, EDOU, and/or inpatient admission. Our primary outcome included EDOU placement among older patients. Our secondary outcome was the rate of major adverse cardiac events [MACE: myocardial infarction, stent, coronary artery bypass graft, and death].

Results:

Over the 5-year study period, we evaluated 2242 ED patients with chest pain, of whom 19.4% (95% confidence interval, 17.8%–21.1%) were 65–79 years old. Older patients were more likely to be placed in the EDOU after the ED visit (45.8% vs. 36.6%;P= 0.001) and more likely to be admitted to an inpatient unit from the ED (31.8% vs. 17.9%;P< 0.001) than those under 65 years old. The overall MACE rate was similar between admitted older patients and those in the EDOU: 5.9% versus 4.3% (P= 0.57). Of the admitted older patients, 30.4% (95% confidence interval, 22.3%–39.9%) were low risk and there were no cases of MACE in this group.

Conclusions:

In an EDOU that allows older patients, we noted substantial utilization by these patients for the evaluation of chest pain. The characteristics of admitted older patients suggest the potential for even greater EDOU utilization in this group.
Impact of Corneoscleral Contact Lens Usage on Corneal Biomechanical Parameters in Keratoconic Eyes
Authors: Porcar Esteban , Montalt Juan Carlos , España-Gregori Enrique , Peris-Martínez Cristina
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To analyze the changes in corneal biomechanical parameters of keratoconic eyes with and without intracorneal ring segment (ICRS) implants after 1 year of corneoscleral contact lens (CScL) wear.

Methods:

Seventy-four eyes of 74 patients were divided into three groups: healthy subjects (29 eyes, control group), and 2 groups of subjects with keratoconic eyes (one group of 20 eyes with ICRS implants and one of 25 eyes without them), which were fitted with CScL. Corneal hysteresis (CH), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) were evaluated before fitting CScL and after 1 year of CScL wear. In addition, endothelial cell count (ECC) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were also recorded.

Results:

Corneal biomechanical parameters were lower in keratoconic corneas than in healthy corneas. Keratoconic eyes with ICRS implants had lower values than eyes without them for CH (mean±SD, 8.09±1.29 vs. 8.63±1.5 mm Hg, respectively, P=0.120), CRF (6.99±1.38 vs. 8.37±1.52 mm Hg, respectively, P=0.03), and also for CCT and ECC. Data for IOPcc were similar in all groups. After 1-year wearing CScL, no statistically significant differences in corneal biomechanical parameters were registered in any of the groups (all P>0.05), although slight differences (0.13–0.27 mm Hg) were found.

Conclusion:

The viscoelasticity properties of the cornea did not change significantly when wearing corneoscleral contact lenses for 1 year, and therefore, these lenses seem to be safe and healthy and are a reasonable alternative option for keratoconus management.
Parent–Child Relationships and Preschoolers' Social-Emotional Functioning Among Low-Income Families
Authors: Ren Lixin , Garcia Aileen S. , Esteraich Jan M. , Encinger Amy , Raikes Helen H. , Acar Ibrahim H.
Published: February 2019

The demographic composition in the United States has undergone shifts due to increasing immigration. This may change the way we think about families and children in the United States, and it is important to include immigrant families in parenting research. This study examined the relations between parent–child relationships and preschool-aged children's social-emotional functioning in the context of low-income families in the United States. We also explored how the relations between the two were moderated by parental nativity, specifically focusing on parents born in the United States and those who were born in Mexico and emigrated to the United States. The sample included 199 preschool children enrolled in Educare/Head Start programs and their parents, with 134 of the parents born in the United States and 65 born in Mexico. Parents reported parent–child closeness and conflict. Teachers reported children's social-emotional strengths and behavioral concerns. Assessors evaluated children's executive function and behavior regulation using structured tasks. The results showed that more parent–child conflict was related to more behavioral concerns and lower levels of executive function among children with U.S.-born parents but not among those with Mexico-born parents. The study suggests that the role of parenting in child social-emotional functioning may vary depending on cultural backgrounds among low-income families.
Distal infraorbital nerve injury: a model for persistent facial pain in mice
Authors: Hardt Stefanie , Fischer Caroline , Vogel Alexandra , Wilken-Schmitz Annett , Tegeder Irmgard
Published: February 2019

Inflammation or injuries of the trigeminal nerve are often associated with persistent facial pain and its sequelae. A number of models have been described to study trigeminal pain in rodents, but the long-lasting behavioral consequences are unknown. This study characterizes the impact of a distal infraorbital nerve injury, called DIONI, which consists of ligature and transection of distal fibers of the infraorbital nerve. We assessed nociception using a conflict paradigm and optogenetics, and a set of reward, aversion, spatial, temporal, and competition tasks in the IntelliCage to study multiple aspects of cognition, circadian rhythms, and social interactions in groups of mice in home cage environments. Mice with DIONI developed cold and mechanical allodynia, and hypersensitivity towards blue light stimulation. They maintained a long-lasting memory of aversive stimuli (airpuff from above), but had no difficulty in learning appetitive tasks, which consisted in developing a preference for a rewarding corner in the IntelliCage. Indeed, they were more strongly “addicted” to sugar than sham mice but temporarily failed to relearn the location of rewarding sites after corner switching (reversal learning). They were mildly overactive in some tasks but without disruptions of circadian rhythms or impact on social structure. They adopted a strategy to maintain licking with fewer nosepokes, presumably trying to avoid mechanical stimulation of the snout. The results suggest that mice with DIONI develop strong aversive memories and some cognitive inflexibility, but create adaptive strategies to cope with the persistent trigeminal hypersensitivity.
Effects of Repeated Intravenous Ketamine in Treatment-Resistant Geriatric Depression
Authors: Bryant Kelly A. , Altinay Murat , Finnegan Nora , Cromer Kim , Dale Roman M.
Published: February 2019

Purpose

There is an immediate need for more sustainable, effective therapies for treatment-resistant depression in patients who do not respond to traditional psychopharmacology. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of intravenous ketamine infusions on the elderly population by using a case series of 6 geriatric patients with treatment-resistant depression.

Methods

Eligible patients aged 65 to 82 were given a subanesthetic ketamine hydrochloride dose of 0.5 mg/kg delivered intravenously over 40 minutes twice weekly for an acute series. If patients reported a 50% decrease in depression symptoms after the acute series of 2 to 4 infusions, they would be moved to a maintenance series of infusions, which would occur every 2 to 6 weeks on an individual basis.

Results

Of the 6 patients given ketamine, 1 failed to respond to the acute treatment phase, 4 responded to the acute infusion phase but failed to sustain a response after a range of 8 to 22 maintenance infusions, and 1 responded to the infusions but relapsed into alcohol use; therefore, treatment was discontinued.

Conclusions

The relative safety of intravenous ketamine in the elderly was demonstrated by the mild, transient adverse effects seen by this patient group. The geriatric population is unable to maintain an antidepressant response to intravenous ketamine over time, signifying that ketamine has low efficacy for the elderly.
Development and Biological Analysis of a Novel Orthotopic Peritoneal Dissemination Mouse Model Generated Using a Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Yanagihara Kazuyoshi , Kubo Takanori , Mihara Keichiro , Kuwata Takeshi , Ochiai Atsushi , Seyama Toshio , Yokozaki Hiroshi
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Peritoneal dissemination (PD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We sought to develop and characterized a novel PD mouse model by using a previously established PDAC cell line TCC-Pan2.

Methods

TCC-Pan2 cell line was characterized for growth rate, tumor markers, histology, and somatic mutations. TCC-Pan2 cells were implanted orthotopically to produce PD. TCC-Pan2 cells from these metastatic foci were expanded in vitro and then implanted orthotopically in mice. This PD model was used for comparing the antitumor effect of paclitaxel and NK105.

Results

Orthotopically implanted TCC-Pan2 cells caused tumor formation and PD with high frequency in mice. A potent metastatic subline—Pan2M—was obtained. NK105 exerted a stronger antitumor effect than paclitaxel against Pan2M cells harboring a luciferase gene (Pan2MmLuc). Notably, the survival rate on day 80 in the Pan2MmLuc mouse model was 100% for the NK105 group and 0% for the paclitaxel group.

Conclusion

TCC-Pan2 cell line and Pan2MmLuc PD model can serve as useful tools for monitoring the responses to antineoplastic agents and for studying PDAC biology.
The Detection of the Negative Effects of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges on Cognition
Authors: Sun Lihua , Zheng Xiangyu , Liu Chang , Shi Mingchao , Lv Yudan
Published: February 2019

Evidence from a neuropsychological test revealed that interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) may have significant impact on cognitive performance. Sometimes, neuropsychological tests may not be sensitive to detection of mild cognitive changes. We applied P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) to detect mild cognitive changes caused by small amount of IEDs. Sixty-seven adult epilepsy patients and participants were divided into six groups according to different IEDs index. The patients with IED index greater than 7.5% showed longer latency and lower amplitude in the test of P300 and MMN than patients with IED index less than 7.5%, which indicated mild impaired cognitive function. The negative effect of IED index greater than 10% on cognitive has been found by neuropsychological test, whereas the mild negative effect of IED index greater than 7.5% has only been found by P300 and MMN. So, P300 and MMN may be more sensitive than neuropsychological tests to detect mild cognitive impairment caused by IEDs.
Get Yourself Tested Goes to High School: Adapted Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Campaign and Associated Student Use of Clinic Sexually Transmitted Disease Testing Services
Authors: Liddon Nicole , Carver Lisa H. , Robin Leah , Harper Chris R. , Murray Colleen C. , Habel Melissa A. , Lesesne Catherine A.
Published: February 2019

Background

In an attempt to increase high school students' sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing rates, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Division of Adolescent and School Health partnered with ICF and Chicago Public Schools to adapt and implement the “GYT: Get Yourself Tested” health marketing campaign for a high school.

Methods

Clinic record data and student retrospective self-report surveys (n = 193) tested for differences between the GYT intervention school and a comparison school on a number of outcomes, including human immunodeficiency virus and STD testing.

Results

Clinic record data showed that testing increased significantly more for the intervention than the comparison school during the GYT implementation period (B, 2.9; SE, 1.1, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the odds of being tested at the referral clinic were more than 4 times (odds ratio, 4.4) as high for students in the campaign school than for those in the comparison school (95% confidence interval, 2.3–8.2). Survey data did not show increased self-reported testing but, more students in the GYT school (92.7%) were aware of where to receive free, low-cost, or affordable human immunodeficiency virus and STD testing than students in the comparison school (76.0%; P < 0.01). Among sexually experienced students (n = 142), significantly more from the campaign school reported that they intended to test for STDs in the next 3 months (48.4% strongly agree and 33.2% agree) compared with those at the comparison school (27.4% strongly agree and 32.9% agree; P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our pilot suggests that a student-led GYT campaign in high schools may successfully increase STD testing of students. Although some of the findings from this pilot evaluation are promising, they are limited, and broader implementation and evaluation is needed. Future evaluation efforts can include more rigorous study designs, multiple schools or districts, longer campaign and evaluation across an entire school or calendar year, or in combination with other school-based testing strategies like a mass school-based screening event.
Anomalous Left Coronary Artery From the Pulmonary Artery Presenting as Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Regional Wall Motion Abnormality on Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Authors: Shaahinfar Ashkon , Ghazi-Askar Zahra M. , Siroker Hannah , Nagdev Arun
Published: February 2019

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. We present the first reported case of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound, leading to expedited management, stabilization, and eventual treatment.
Brain Electrical Activity Associated With Visual Attention and Reactive Motor Inhibition in Patients With Fibromyalgia
Authors: González-Villar Alberto J. , Arias Manuel , Carrillo-de-la-Peña María Teresa
Published: February 2019

Objective

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a generalized chronic pain condition associated with multiple cognitive impairments, including altered inhibitory processes. Inhibition is a key component of human executive functions and shares neural substrate with pain processing, which may explain the inhibitory deficits in FM. Here, we investigated the integrity of brain inhibitory mechanisms in these patients.

Methods

We recorded the electroencephalographic activity of 27 patients with FM and 27 healthy controls (HCs) (all women) while they performed a reactive motor inhibition task (the stop-signal paradigm). We analyzed task-induced modulations in electrophysiological markers related to inhibition (N2, P3, and midfrontal theta oscillations) and visual attention (posterior alpha oscillations).

Results

The FM group performed the task correctly, with no differences relative to HCs at the behavioral level. We did not find any between-group differences in N2 amplitude (F(1,52) = 0.01,p= .93), P3 amplitude (F(1,52) = 3.46;p= .068), or theta power (F(1,52) = 0.05;p= .82). However, modulation of posterior alpha power after presentation of either thegoorstopstimuli was lower in patients than in HCs (F(1,52) = 7.98;p= .007).

Conclusions

N2, P3, theta power, and behavioral results indicate that the mechanisms of motor inhibition are sufficiently preserved to enable correct performance of the stop-signal task in patients with FM. Nevertheless, the lower modulation of alpha suggests greater difficulty in mobilizing and maintaining visual attentional resources, a result that may explain the cognitive dysfunction observed in FM.