bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction Roasting of Titaniferous Ores
Authors: Dmitriev Andrey N. , Petukhov R.V. , Vitkina G.Yu. , Vyaznikova E.A.
Published: February 2019

Questions regarding the oxidizing roasting of raw iron ore materials (agglomerate and pellets) are studied. Features of the phase structure of raw iron ore materials containing titanium and vanadium are discussed. Reducibility, durability, and temperatures of the softening and melting of metallurgical raw iron ore materials are studied in vitro. Object of research – titaniferous ores with various titanium dioxide content. The behavior of agglomerate and pellets in a blast furnace are studied, as well as the influence of their physical and chemical properties on heat and mass transfer processes using a mathematical model of the blast furnace process [1].
Drying of Sisal Fiber: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation
Authors: Diniz J.F. Brito , Lima H.G.G. Morais , de Lima A.G. Barbosa , Nascimento J.J. Silva , Ramos A.D. Oliveira
Published: February 2019

This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of drying of sisal fibers. The fibers were submitted to drying in oven with forced air circulation at temperatures ranging from 50°C up to 90°C. Drying and heating lumped models were proposed and fitted to the experimental data. Non-linear regression analyzes were performed to verify the consistency of the models to predict the experimental data. It was verified that the curves of moisture loss and temperature of the sisal fibers were influenced by the drying-air temperature, showing a gradual variation with the drying time, being more accentuated in the higher temperatures of the drying-air. The fitted models presented good agreement with the experimental data.
Effect of Vanadium Addition on the Surface Roughness and Fatigue Crack Propagation in a Railroad Wheel Using Twin Disc Wear Test
Authors: Rezende A.B. , Amorim G.A. , Minicucci D.J. , Fonseca S.T. , Mei P.R.
Published: February 2019

To verify the effect of 0.13 % vanadium addition (% in weight) on the wear resistance of a railroad wheel steel with 0.7 % carbon, twin-disc rolling-sliding test were performed. These two steels were named 7V and 7C. The test discs were analyzed to verify the superficial conditions and wear mechanisms using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and roughness measurements. After 100,000 cycles running it was concluded that without the presence of debris, the 7V steel presented a reduction in 35 % the mass loss compared to 7C steel. For the 7V steel, in the test without debris, the discs presented small cracks (10 μm long), very near (3 μm deep) the surface, but in the test with the presence of debris, the disc surfaces presented delaminated material and long cracks (100 μm long) faraway from surface (up to 72 μm deep). The presence of debris also increased the roughness parameters in 7V steel: average Rz jumped from near 6 μm in the steel without debris to near 26 μm in the steel with debris.
Lithium Diffusion in Amorphous LixSi (x ≤ 0.4) Materials
Authors: Strauß Florian , Schmidt Harald
Published: February 2019

Lithium-silicon compounds are promising materials as negative electrodes in Li-ion-batteries. The diffusion of Li in electrode materials is important for charging/discharging rates, maximum specific capacity and possible side reactions. In order to further the development of novel negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, understanding the basic principles of atomic transport is of high importance. Thin LixSi films were investigated, which were produced by reactive ion-beam co-sputtering of segmented elemental Li and Si targets. Li tracer self-diffusion experiments were done on LixSi|6LixSi heterostructures and6Li and7Li isotopes depth profiles were analysed by secondary ion mass spectrometry before and after annealing. Diffusivities were extracted by comparing the experimental depth profiles to analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. The diffusivities for low Li concentrationsx< 0.1 in LixSi follow the Arrhenius law between 140 and 325 °C with an activation energy of 1.4 eV. A trap-limited diffusion mechanism is suggested, comparable to hydrogen diffusion in hydrogenated amorphous silicon. In contrast, for x ≈ 0.4 complete isotope interdiffusion is observed directly after deposition at room temperature. These results indicate a significant acceleration of diffusion with increasing Li content as suggested in literature by theoretical calculations [1].
Brand image and customer satisfaction in mobile phone market: study based on customers in Kandy district
Authors: Dunuwille V. M. , Pathmini M. G. S.
Published: February 2019

In a competitive and Brand conscious market, building Brand Image of Mobile Phones is challenging task. In this context, this study aims to examine the relationship between Brand Image and Customer Satisfaction in Mobile Phone Market among Customers in Kandy District in Sri Lanka. Based on reviewed literature, it was found that the Brand Image was strongly related to Customer Satisfaction. Accordingly, four independent variables were identified as major dimensions of the Brand Image; Perceived Quality (PQ), Brand Loyalty (BL), Brand Awareness (BW) and Brand Association (BAs). This study was deductive, an exploratory type. The population of the study consisted in Mobile Phone users of Kandy District. 110 respondents were selected as the sample representing four main cities in the Kandy District; Katugastota, Pilimathalawa, Peradeniya, Akurana using the convenience sampling method. Questionnaire method was administrated to collect primary data. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics techniques were applied to analyze the data. The hypotheses have been tested using Pearson correlation, regression and multiple regression analysis. It was indicated that Brand Awareness as the most significant factor related to Customer Satisfaction. Results showed that there is a significant impact of all independent variables (PQ, BL, BW, BA) on customer satisfaction in Mobile Phone Market. Recommendations were provided to marketers and managers in mobile phone industry to achieve high Customer Satisfaction through building strong Brand Image.
An exploratory study of affecting key factors on market orientation by small and medium scale enterprises
Authors: Gunawardana T. S. L. W. , Jayampathi E. K.
Published: February 2019

Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) are called as the engine of the economy in developing countries such as Sri Lanka. Accordingly, SMEs are playing significant role in socio economic development of any country. In Sri Lanka, SMEs are contributed for the national GDP by 70% (Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 2013). Majority of SMEs are being engaged with local resources utilized business activities. SME creates a platform for locals to manufacture products and services using indigenous resources to get its optimum contribution for the nation. Majority of SME entrepreneurs are doing their own enterprises utilizing their own skills, knowledge, and expertise and so on. They are much creative enough in developing new product and service concepts in order to the market standards. How much standards they are following on, marketing their products and services is the main obstacle they have confronted. Due to poor market orientation practices followed by SMEs, still they cannot produce their maximum contribution to the economy. Having an intention on these obstacles confronted by SMEs, this study is designed to identify the key determinants affecting on market orientation by SMEs. Further this study attempted into identification of issues and barriers that are inhibited the producing market oriented products and services by SMEs. For the purpose of this field study researches have selected Matara District as their research site. Small and Medium scale entrepreneurs were the population for this study. Numbers of 50 SMEs have been randomly selected for the sample and a structured questionnaire was used to gather relevant primary data. Using factor analysis technique results were found. The results were discussed relating to four key areas; market based rewards systems, top management emphasis, inter-functional connectedness and management risk posture. Finally the study concluded that designing the cushion environment for SMEs is the responsibility of policy making bodies to get the maximum of SMEs within this challenging economic conditions and hostile competitive environment.
Occupational safety and health hazards of apparel sector: perspective of Northern Province employees of Sri Lanka
Authors: Thatshayini P. , Rajini P. A. D.
Published: February 2019

Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) is an important aspect which allows an organisation to systematically manage the safety and health of the workers in a workplace. Adoption of OSH in a work environment therefore helps for the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social wellbeing in all occupations. Literature reveals that the apparel sector’s working environment is mostly associated with different kinds of workers, machinery and management teams and therefore, it should be safe and free from safety and health risks and hazards. Although there is a growing concern on OSH hazards, a lack of attention has received for researches on OSH in Sri Lankan context. Further, researches conducted on OSH in Northern in Sri Lanka are hardly found. Hence, the aim of this research is to investigate the level of exposure of employees working in apparel manufacturing organisations in Northern Province of Sri Lanka to different OSH hazards. A comprehensive literature review identified 31number of OSH hazards of apparel sector in the global and local contexts and the levels of exposure of the employees to those hazards were identified through a questionnaire survey. The data were collected from 76 number of employees working in eight different apparel manufacturing organisations in Northern Province of Sri Lanka. The collected data were analysed using RII (Relative Importance Index) method. As the study revealed, the hazards to which the apparel manufacturing employees in Northern Province of Sri Lanka are mostly exposed to are “excessive noise”, “repetitive nature of works”, “stress”, “excessive exposure to cotton dust” and “taking imbalance diet” under physical, ergonomic, psychological, chemical and biological hazard categories respectively.
Асимптотически наилучший метод синтеза булевых рекурсивных схем
Authors: Zhukov Vladimir Vladimirovich , Lozhkin Sergei Andreevich
Published: February 2019

Рассматриваются модели многовыходных и скалярных рекурсивных схем ограниченной глубины в произвольном базисе. Представлены методы получения нижних и верхних оценок функции Шеннона для сложности схем из данных классов, позволяющие установить еe асимптотику. Кроме того, получены верхние оценки для сложности реализации в рассматриваемых классах рекурсивных схем некоторых функций и систем функций, встречающихся в приложениях.
Le cheval Barbe entre France et Algérie : lumières et paradoxes d’une «race-fossile» (1542-1914)
Authors: Husser Blandine
Published: February 2019

Lorsque la France débarque dans la régence d’Alger en 1830, le cheval d’Afrique du Nord, qu’elle appelle le Barbe depuis le XVIe siècle, est loin de lui être inconnu. Importé ponctuellement en Europe comme monture de luxe, le Barbe voit pourtant ce statut bouleversé avec la conquête de l’Algérie. Deux héritages équestres très différents, qui se sont lentement formés des deux côtés de la Méditerranée, se heurtent alors brutalement dans le contexte trouble de la guerre puis de l’exploitation coloniale. Le XIXe siècle marque de fait l’apogée d’une grande confusion dans la définition de cet équidé, rendue incohérente du fait de fractures culturelles, sociales et utilitaires. Transformé jusque dans son corps et dans ses fonctions, son identité s’étiole, se brouille, bien que son nom demeure inchangé. La méthodologie prosopographique est une approche permettant de caractériser ces populations équines anciennes et de suivre leurs évolutions.
Hyperthermie thérapeutique et infarctus du myocarde
Authors: Kohlauer Matthias
Published: February 2019

Expérimentalement, l’hypothermie thérapeutique (32-34° C) constitue l’une des stratégies les plus puissantes pour prévenir le développement d’infarctus du myocarde. Néanmoins, ce bénéfice n’est observé que lorsque l’hypothermie est induite pendant l’ischémie et son induction au moment de la reperfusion n’entraîne pas de protection vis-à-vis de la mort cellulaire. L’application d’une hypothermie à la reperfusion est cependant associée à d’autres bénéfices comme l’inhibition de l’installation du

no-reflow, de l’inflammation locale et du remodelage. Le mécanisme sous-jacent à cette protection par l’hypothermie est encore inconnu mais la mitochondrie, notamment au travers de la production des espèces réactives de l’oxygène, pourrait jouer un rôle central. Jusqu’à présent le transfert clinique de cette stratégie n’a pas permis de démontrer de bénéfices chez l’Homme, en raison de la difficulté à refroidir suffisamment rapidement les patients pour obtenir un état d’hypothermie avant la reperfusion. Le développement de nouvelles stratégies de refroidissement ultra-rapide comme la ventilation liquide totale pourrait alors constituer une solution prometteuse.
Le transfert d’immunité passive chez le chiot
Authors: Chastant-Maillard Sylvie , Mila Hama , Viaud Camille , Marcheteau Elie , Reynaud Karine , Grellet Aurélien
Published: February 2019

Le chiot nait presque agammaglobulinémique. Il acquiert une immunité passive systémique grâce au colostrum au cours des deux premiers jours de vie. La qualité du transfert d’immunité passive (appréciée par la concentration circulante des IgG à deux jours de vie) a un impact sur la santé du chiot et sur son taux de mortalité néonatale (multiplié par neuf en cas de déficit de transfert) mais interfère avec l’efficacité vaccinale. Elle est très variable entre portées ainsi qu’entre les chiots d’une même portée. La concentration des IgG du colostrum semble avoir peu d’impact sur la qualité du transfert de l’immunité passive. Ce transfert dépend davantage du délai écoulé entre la naissance et l’ingestion du colostrum du fait, du côté maternel, de la détérioration rapide de la qualité immunologique du colostrum (qui chute de plus de 50% au cours des 24 premières heures post partum) et du côté du nouveau-né, de la fermeture de la barrière intestinale (la perméabilité de l’intestin du chiot aux IgG diminue de moitié toutes les quatre heures pour devenir nulle au-delà de 12 heures de vie). L’activité sérique des gammaglutamyltransférases permet le diagnostic du déficit de transfert d’immunité passive (sensibilité : 87,5% ; spécificité : 80%). Ce déficit peut également être diagnostiqué par le calcul du taux de croissance entre la naissance et l’âge de deux jours (sensibilité : 96,3% ; spécificité : 83,1%). En l’absence de colostrum, peu de solutions sont disponibles pour faire acquérir un transfert d’immunité adéquat : la constitution d’une banque de colostrum est la solution optimale. Outre le transfert d’immunité systémique, les anticorps maternels (principalement les IgA) assurent une immunité locale, digestive dont les rôles à moyen terme pour la protection du chiot contre les entéropathogènes et, à long terme dans l’éduction du système immunitaire digestif, restent à explorer.
Observações sobre a meta final do modo de fazer filosofia de Ludwig Wittgenstein
Authors: Fonseca Gustavo Augusto
Published: February 2019

In The Principles of Mechanics, physicist Heinrich Hertz argues that instead of replying to the question “what is force?” like physicists and philosophers had been doing unsuccessfully, Newtonian physics should be reformulated without considering “force” a basic concept. Decades after Hertz’s book, Ludwig Wittgenstein considered the physicist’s proposal a perfect model for how philosophical problems should be solved, to the point that he made it the foundation of his way of doing philosophy. This article addresses Wittgenstein’s way of doing philosophy, while it also proposes the reason why he failed in solving the philosophical problems — as did Hertz in his project on reformulating Newtonian physics without considering the concept “force”. And to illustrate Wittgenstein’s failure, it examines his disputes with mathematicians Kurt Gödel and Alan Turing on the foundations of mathematics.
Uma objeção à concepção disposicional dos fenômenos mentais inconscientes
Authors: De Athayde Prata Tárik
Published: February 2019

This paper attacks the dispositional theory of unconscious mental phenomena. First, I assess different aspects of consciousness as a property of mental states (section 2). After that, I discuss the description of phenomena in partially dispositional terms (section 3). The assessment of some real cases of our psychological functioning shows that there are at least some unconscious states which have an occurrent mental existence, not a dispositional one (section 4). So, the dispositional theory cannot save the Cartesian view (section 5).
Epistemic Logic: A Survey of the Logic of Knowledge
Authors: De Borba Alexandre Ziani
Published: February 2019

Review of RESCHER, Nicholas. Epistemic Logic: A Survey of the Logic of Knowledge. Pittsburgh:University of Pittsburgh Press, 2005.
Avaliação da aceitação das ferramentas tecnológicas no ambiente do trabalho docente
Authors: Pinto Alberto Luís da Silva , Torres Elvia Florencio , Moura Joária Mendes de , Sousa Evangelina da Silva , Pinto Liliane Araújo , Nóbrega Cléverson Vasconcelos da
Published: February 2019

A pesquisa objetivou avaliar a interface do trabalhador com as tecnologias aplicadas no ambiente da Educação a Distância (EaD), analisando o grau de aceitação e utilização efetiva do Sistema Integrado de Gestão de Atividades Acadêmicas (SIGAA) do Centro de Educação Aberta e à Distância (CEAD) da Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI) por meio dos construtos do Modelo de Aceitação de Tecnologia (TAM) de Davis (1989). A pesquisa foi aplicada a 83 professores tutores, distribuídos em 16 cursos. Para o tratamento dos dados foram utilizadas técnicas de análise multivariadas e análise descritiva quantitativa e qualitativa. Além disso, a pesquisa apresentou um alto índice de confiabilidade. Constatou-se que os professores-tutores que atuam na modalidade à distância possuem uma boa aceitação ao SIGAA por perceberem a Utilidade e a Facilidade de Uso do Sistema, o que corrobora efetivamente pela Atitude e Intenção Comportamental para o Uso Real da Tecnologia.
Perfil e perspectivas dos egressos do Curso de Administração da UFFS: um estudo realizado no Campus Chapecó/SC
Authors: Giacomin Camila , Simon Lilian Wrzesinski , Tosta Kelly Cristina Benetti Tonani
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o perfil e as perspectivas dos egressos do curso de administração da UFFS – Campus Chapecó/SC, bem como sua contribuição para a avaliação do curso e da universidade. A pesquisa contou com a participação de 70 dos 84 egressos diplomados pelo curso de administração desde a sua implantação. Foram coletadas informações sobre o perfil pessoal, educacional e profissional dos participantes, acerca de seus objetivos relacionados à continuidade dos estudos e ao campo profissional. As opiniões dos egressos acerca dos componentes relacionados ao curso e à universidade, bem como o impacto da formação recebida na vida destes administradores foram determinantes para a avaliação de aspectos importantes da gestão do curso e do campus, contribuindo para a proposição de melhorias para o curso e para a universidade. Os principais aspectos apontados pelos egressos que carecem de atenção pela coordenação do curso e pela gestão do campus estão relacionados ao campo profissional. Esta percepção ficou evidente na avaliação dos componentes do curso, na contribuição do curso e da universidade para o desenvolvimento do egresso, bem como na avaliação das competências/habilidades adquiridas pelos egressos com a formação recebida.
Educação e formação docente: contextos e possibilidades de transformação social a partir das práxis pedagógica
Authors: Consaltér Evandro , Bisol Clarice Julieta , Lopez Isadora Cardoso
Published: February 2019

O presente texto desenvolve a partir de um estudo bibliográfico de cunho analítico uma reflexão crítica sobre o contexto atual da profissão docente no país, bem como sobre as novas demandas sociais que recaem sobre a profissão. Primeiramente, abordamos a necessidade de uma compreensão crítica da realidade em que os sujeitos do processo educativo estão inseridos. Em seguida, consideramos que a prática educativa só será capaz de transformar uma realidade social a partir da consolidação de uma formação contínua, alicerçada em sólidos pilares teóricos e epistemológicos. Dessa forma, destacamos também a necessidade da construção de uma nova identidade profissional dos professores. Por fim, nos detemos à consolidação da práxis pedagógica através de possibilidades de formação docente. Acreditamos que com a efetivação de uma educação verdadeiramente transformadora será possível vislumbrar novos horizontes à atividade docente e não correr o risco de professores tornem-se meros vigias da permanência formal dos alunos nas salas de aula.
Effects of strengthening the Baltic Sea ECA regulations
Authors: Jonson Jan Eiof , Gauss Michael , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Johansson Lasse
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Emissions of most land based air pollutants in western Europe have decreased in the last decades. Over the same period emissions from shipping have also decreased, but with large differences depending on species and sea area. At sea, sulphur emissions in the SECAs (Sulphur Emission Control Areas) have decreased following the implementation of a 0.1 % limit on sulphur in marine fuels from 2015. In Europe the North Sea and the Baltic Sea are designated as SECAs by the International maritime Organisation (IMO). Model calculations assuming present (2016) and future (2030) emissions have been made with the regional scale EMEP model covering Europe and the sea areas surrounding Europe including the North Atlantic east of 30 degrees west. The main focus in this paper is on the effects of ship emissions from the Baltic Sea. To reduce the influence of meteorological variability, all model calculations are presented as averages for 3 meteorological years (2014, 2015, 2016). For the Baltic Sea, model calculations have also been made with higher sulphur emissions representative of year 2014 emissions. From Baltic Sea shipping the largest effects are calculated for NO2 in air, but effects are also seen for PM2.5 and depositions of oxidised nitrogen, mainly in coastal zones close to the main shipping lanes. As a result country averaged contributions from ships are small for large countries that extend far inland like Germany and Poland, and larger for smaller countries like Denmark and the Baltic states Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, where ship emissions are among the largest contributors to concentrations and depositions of anthropogenic origin. Following the implementations of stricter SECA regulations, sulphur emissions from ships in the Baltic Sea shipping now have virtually no effects on PM2.5 concentrations and sulphur depositions in the Baltic Sea region. Following the expected reductions in European emissions, model calculated NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations, depositions of oxidised nitrogen, and partially also surface ozone levels, in the Baltic Sea region are expected to decrease in the next decade. Parts of these reductions are caused by reductions in the Baltic Sea ship emissions mainly as a result of the Baltic Sea being defined as a Nitrogen Emission Control Area from 2021.
Spectral Intensity Bioaerosol Sensor (SIBS): an instrument for spectrally resolved fluorescence detection of single particles in real time
Authors: Könemann Tobias , Savage Nicole , Klimach Thomas , Walter David , Fröhlich-Nowoisky Janine , Su Hang , Pöschl Ulrich , Huffman J. Alex , Pöhlker Christopher
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) in the atmosphere are highly relevant
for the Earth system, climate, and public health. The analysis of PBAPs,
however, remains challenging due to their high diversity and large
spatiotemporal variability. For real-time PBAP analysis, light-induced
fluorescence (LIF) instruments have been developed and widely used in
laboratory and ambient studies. The interpretation of fluorescence data from
these instruments, however, is often limited by a lack of spectroscopic
information. This study introduces an instrument – the Spectral Intensity
Bioaerosol Sensor (SIBS; Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT), Longmont,
CO, USA) – that resolves fluorescence spectra for single particles and thus
promises to expand the scope of fluorescent PBAP quantification and
classification. The SIBS shares key design components with the latest versions of the
Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS) and the findings presented here
are also relevant for the widely deployed WIBS-4A and WIBS-NEO as well as
other LIF instruments. The key features of the SIBS and the findings of this
study can be summarized as follows.
Particle sizing yields reproducible linear responses for particles in the
range of 300 nm to 20 µm. The lower sizing limit is significantly
smaller than for earlier commercial LIF instruments (e.g., WIBS-4A and the
Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer; UV-APS), expanding the analytical
scope into the accumulation-mode size range. Fluorescence spectra are recorded for two excitation wavelengths (λex=285 and 370 nm) and a wide range of emission wavelengths
(λmean=302–721 nm) with a resolution of 16
detection channels, which is higher than for most other commercially
available LIF bioaerosol sensors. Fluorescence spectra obtained for 16 reference compounds confirm that the
SIBS provides sufficient spectral resolution to distinguish major modes of
molecular fluorescence. For example, the SIBS resolves the spectral
difference between bacteriochlorophyll and chlorophyll a and b. A spectral correction of the instrument-specific detector response is
essential to use the full fluorescence emission range. Asymmetry factor (AF) data were assessed and were found to provide only
limited analytical information. In test measurements with ambient air, the SIBS worked reliably and yielded
characteristically different spectra for single particles in the coarse mode
with an overall fluorescent particle fraction of ∼4 %
(3σ threshold), which is consistent with earlier studies in
comparable environments.
Aerosol light absorption from optical measurements of PTFE membrane filter samples: sensitivity analysis of optical depth measures
Authors: Pandey Apoorva , Shetty Nishit J. , Chakrabarty Rajan K.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Mass absorption cross section (MAC) measurements of
atmospherically relevant aerosols are required to quantify their effect on
Earth's radiative budget. Estimating aerosol light absorption from
transmittance and/or reflectance measurements through filter deposits is an
attractive option because of their ease of deployment in field settings, low cost,
and the ability to revisit previously analyzed samples. These measurements
suffer from artifacts that depend on a given filter measurement system and
aerosol optics. Empirical correction algorithms are available for commercial
instruments equipped with optically thick fiber filters, but optically thin
filter media have not been characterized in detail. Here, we present
empirical relationships between particle light absorption optical depth –
measured using multiwavelength integrated photoacoustic spectrometers – and
filter optical depth measurements for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane
filter samples of carbonaceous aerosols generated from combustion of diverse
biomass fuels and kerosene (surrogate for fossil fuel combustion). Through
radiative transfer modeling, we assessed the suitability of three measures of
filter-based optical depth for robustly describing particulate-phase light
absorption over a range of single scattering albedo (SSA) values:
(1) ODs – a measure of transmission of the fraction of incident
radiation that is not backscattered by the filter system – which utilizes
transmittance and reflectance of the sample side of the filter; (2) the
commonly used ODc, which uses transmittance and reflectance of the clean
side of the filter; and (3) ATN or the Beer–Lambert attenuation. Modeling
results were also validated experimentally, with ODs showing the
least variability around the mean in this multidimensional parameter space.
We establish a simple, wavelength-independent formulation for calculating
aerosol MAC and absorption coefficients from measurements of ODs.
We find the ratio between in situ particulate absorption optical depth and
ODs to be inversely proportional to aerosol SSA. Our findings
underscore that ODs is a better optical depth measure than
ODc for applying appropriate correction factors when estimating
particle-phase light absorption from filter-based techniques.
Solar PV nowcasting based on skycamera observations
Authors: Voronych Oleksandra , Höller Robert , Longhi Beck Germanno , Traunmüller Wolfgang
Published: February 2019

Abstract. In recent years the installation of PV systems has
increased dramatically in many countries. Annual global installed power has
already reached more than 400 GW in 2017. A major challenge for operators is
that PV system output is highly fluctuating due to cloud movements and other
atmospheric influences. Forecasting of solar irradiation and PV power on
different time scales will, therefore, become more and more important for
different users. As part of the Austrian PV-go-Smart project, several
skycameras have been installed in the region of Upper Austria. In this paper
we show differences and advantages of two skycams and their image qualities.
Algorithms for the detection of clouds, cloud movement, and GHI forecasting
have been developed and validated with ground observation at the Wels site.
This work focusses on image quality issues related to short-term irradiance
forecasting using all-sky cameras, in particular the influence on raindrops
on forecast performance.
Precipitation of calcium carbonate mineral induced by viral lysis of cyanobacteria: evidence from laboratory experiments
Authors: Xu Hengchao , Peng Xiaotong , Bai Shijie , Ta Kaiwen , Yang Shouye , Liu Shuangquan , Jang Ho Bin , Guo Zixiao
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Viruses have been acknowledged as being important components of
the marine system for the past 2 decades, but their role in the functioning
of the geochemical cycle has not been thoroughly elucidated to date.
Virus-induced rupturing of cyanobacteria is theoretically capable of
releasing intracellular bicarbonate and inducing the homogeneous nucleation
of calcium carbonate; however, experiment-based support for virus-induced
calcification is lacking. In this laboratory study, both water carbonate
chemistry and precipitates were monitored during the viral infection and
lysis of host cells. Our results show that viral lysis of cyanobacteria can
influence the carbonate equilibrium system remarkably and promotes the
formation and precipitation of carbonate minerals. Amorphous calcium
carbonate (ACC) and aragonite were evident in the lysate, compared with the
Mg(OH)2 (brucite in this paper) precipitate in noninfected
cultures, implying that a different precipitation process had occurred. Based
on the carbonate chemistry change and microstructure of the precipitation, we
propose that viral lysis of cyanobacteria can construct a calcification
environment where carbonate is the dominant inorganic carbon species.
Numerous virus particles available in lysate may coprecipitate with the
calcium carbonate. The experimental results presented in this study
demonstrate both the pathway and the outcome with respect to how viruses
influence the mineralization of carbonate minerals. It is suggested that
viral calcification offers new perspectives on mechanisms of CaCO3
biomineralization and may play a crucial role within the Earth system.
Integrated risk assessment due to slope instabilities in the roadway network of Gipuzkoa, Basque Country
Authors: Mavrouli Olga , Corominas Jordi , Ibarbia Iñaki , Alonso Nahikari , Jugo Ioseba , Ruiz Jon , Luzuriaga Susana , Navarro José Antonio
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Transportation corridors such as roadways are often subjected to both natural
instability and cut-slope failures, with substantial physical damage to the
road infrastructure and threats to the circulating vehicles and passengers. In
the early 2000s, the Gipuzkoa Provincial Council of the Basque Country in
Spain noted the need for assessing the risk related to the geotechnical
hazards of its road network, in order to assess and monitor their safety for
road users. The quantitative risk assessment (QRA) was selected as a tool
for comparing the risk of different hazards on an objective basis. Few
examples of multi-hazard risk assessment along transportation corridors
exist. The methodology presented here consists of the calculation of risk, in
terms of probability of failure and its respective consequences, and it was
applied to 84 selected points of risk (PoR) over the entire road network
managed by the Gipuzkoa Provincial Council. The types of encountered slope
instabilities that are examined are rockfalls, retaining-wall failures, and
slow-moving landslides. The proposed methodology includes the calculation of
the probability of failure for each hazard based on an extensive collection
of field data, and its association with the expected consequences.
Instrumentation data from load cells and inclinometers were used for the anchored walls
and the slow-moving landslides, respectively. The expected road damage was
assessed for each hazard level in terms of a fixed unit cost (UC). The results
indicate that the risk can be comparable for the different hazards. A total of 21 % of
the PoR in the study area were found to be of very high risk.
Institutional Ethnography as a Method of Inquiry for Criminal Justice and Socio-Legal Studies
Authors: Doll Agnieszka , Walby Kevin
Published: February 2019

Institutional ethnography (IE) is a method of inquiry created by Canadian feminist sociologist Dorothy E. Smith to examine how sequences of texts coordinate forms of organisation. Here we explain how to use IE, and why scholars in criminal justice and socio-legal studies should use it in their research. We focus on IE’s analysis of texts and intertextual hierarchy, as well as Smith’s understanding of mapping as a methodological technique; the latter entails explaining how IE’s approach to mapping differs from other social science approaches. We also argue that IE’s terms and techniques can help examine the textual work undertaken in criminal justice and legal organisations, and reveal how people are governed and ruled by these organisational processes. In the discussion, we summarise how IE can productively contribute to criminal justice and socio-legal studies in the twenty-first century.
Avi Brisman, Bill McClanahan, Nigel South and Reece Walters (2018) Water, Crime and Security in the Twenty-First Century. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Authors: Gacek James R
Published: February 2019

Not applicable
Social Representations of Homicide Investigations by Judges, Prosecutors and Police: A Case Study from the Metropolitan Area of Brasilia
Authors: Machado Bruno Amaral , Porto Maria Stela Grossi
Published: February 2019

This article examines homicide in the Metropolitan Area of Brasilia (MAB), analysing social representations from elites in the criminal justice system, including police chiefs, prosecutors and judges. It draws on the theory of social representations (TSR) to explore the imaginaries constructed around the criminal justice system’s inability to adequately investigate the rise in homicides. The representations from focus group participants highlight a lack of resources, infrastructure, equipment and human resources, as well as unsatisfactory working conditions. In seeking to understand and situate themselves in new realities and contexts, these elite criminal justice actors ultimately place themselves within the available reserve of knowledge, in which they claim that ‘nothing works’. Hence, this enables these powerful actors to justify themselves and blame others, while denying their inability to adequately investigate homicides. A hidden rationale emerges that represents the homicide victims of drug crimes and gang feuds as unworthy of investigation.
The Margins of Criminology: Challenges from a Feminist Epistemological Perspective
Authors: Prando Camila
Published: February 2019

From Zaffaroni’s proposal for the production of a criminology with a marginal perspective, and based on the contributions of the feminist standpoint theory, this paper examines the limits of critical criminology in Brazil and the likely effect the stabilisation of the binary body–mind is able to produce in critical thinking.
The Fable of The Three Little Pigs: Climate Change and Green Cultural Criminology
Authors: Brisman Avi
Published: February 2019

This paper builds on previous calls for a green cultural criminology that is more attuned to narrative, as well as a narrative criminology that does not limit itself to nonfictional stories of offenders, in two ways. First, it considers how a particular kind of environmental narrative—that of climate change—appears, as well as criticisms thereof. In analysing and assessing existing climate change narratives, this paper contemplates the approach of heritage studies to loss and the (theme of) uncertainty surrounding climate-induced migration and human displacement. Second, this paper allegorises the fable of The Three Little Pigs as a story of climate change migration—an aspect of climate change that is misrepresented (and sometimes missing) in the discourse. This paper concludes with additional arguments for approaching, reading and analysing stories regarding human–human and human–environment relationships.
The Poetry is the Pity: The War Requiem and Poetic Consolation
Authors: Ferrari Gabrielle
Published: February 2019

Benjamin Britten’s War Requiem sets nine of Wilfred Owen’s war poems alongside the words of the Missa pro defunctis, allowing these texts to interrogate and comment on each other. Owen’s poems describe the horrors of trench warfare, and often, harshly indict both church and state for their complicity in war-mongering. Scholars such as Philip Rupprecht, Heather Wiebe, David B. Greene, and George D. Herbert have explored how Owen’s texts work to subvert the text of the Mass, and deny religious and musical consolation. Such readings place the War Requiem in line with Owen’s preface to his Collected Poems, in which he rejects consolatory mourning. This article, however, suggests that moments in the War Requiem work to deconstruct Owen’s preface. Britten’s juxtaposition of Owen’s poems with the text of the Missa pro defunctis, specifically in the Agnus Dei and Libera me, works to undermine Owen’s poetic goals as outlined in the preface, bringing out irony not immediately apparent in Owen’s work. This article closely examines Owen’s poems in the context of Britten’s settings and compares Owen’s poems to their Latin counterparts. It reveals moments in which Britten’s text setting alters the implications of Owen’s words to allow moments of consolatory mourning that directly contradict Owen’s purported poetic goals and cast doubt on the possibility of completely non-consolatory mourning. It concludes that the War Requiem offers a new kind of consolation, in which the acknowledgement of the impossibility of musical and poetic consolation becomes a tool to confront grief.
Performance Practice of Early American Hymnody: Tempo and the “Moods of Time”
Authors: Fulton Erin
Published: February 2019

Modern time signatures indicate metrical organization in notated music. However, in most American hymnals and psalters published between 1721 and 1809, time signatures also signify very specific tempi. This notational practice, further removed from modern usage than any other element of this music, derives from proportional notations abandoned in art music in the seventeenth century. As technically complex music was published using this notation in the 1760s, these time signatures began to be used more subtly. In combination, they provide metrical effects unlike those possible with modern time signatures: doubling or halving tempo, or maintaining the pulse while altering its division or larger metric organization. Viewed from the perspective of modern notation, these functions diverge from their appearance. This article clarifies the correlation between time signature and tempo indicated in eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century American tunebooks (hymnals), arguing for its inclusion in modern performances of this repertoire. Internal evidence and related pedagogical practices suggest these tempi were intended to be observed; most early American theorists, composers, and compilers advocated adherence. Any revival of repertoire first published in this notation, including the works of such composers as William Billings, Daniel Read, and Supply Belcher, would profit by observing these tempi. In a repertoire frequently devoid of interpretive markings, time signatures provide invaluable clues to performers.
Sonic Stereotypes: Jazz and Racial Signification in American Film and Television Soundtracks
Authors: Jackson Kyle
Published: February 2019

This paper examines the use of jazz in contemporary American film and television soundtracks. Through processes of cultural signification, jazz music frequently maps racialized meaning onto the narrative. Often, a “black” jazz aesthetic signifies social and sexual deviance, while a “white” jazz aesthetic signifies elegance and high-culture. Such associations reinforce racial boundaries and essentialist stereotypes by perpetuating a dichotomy in which “blackness” figures as culturally dangerous (e.g. sexually deviant, unrestrained, threatening, and low-class) and “whiteness” as elite and culturally superior (e.g. civilized, educated, and high-class). To demonstrate this, the soundtracks of Anthony Minghella’s The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999); Ryan Murphy and Brad Falchuk’s American Horror Story: Coven (2013); and, Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa’s Homeland (2011) are examined. These examples are then compared to Spike Lee’s Do The Right Thing (1989), a film featuring sympathetic representations of African American identity. In Lee’s film, jazz challenges—rather than reinforces—racial discourse; a characteristic likely linked to Lee’s background as an African American with parents involved in the arts, black literature, and jazz composition. By comparing Lee’s alternative use of jazz to the preceding examples, it is argued that the use of the genre in film and television soundtracks as a stereotyping device reflects racial biases prominent in contemporary culture.
Harmonic Language in The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time
Authors: Gervais Nicholas
Published: February 2019

This paper examines the work of Koji Kondo in the 1998 video game The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time. Using a variety of techniques of harmonic analysis, the paper examines the commonalities between teleportation pieces and presents a model to describe their organization. Concepts are drawn from the work of three authors for the harmonic analysis. William Caplin’s substitutions; Daniel Harrison’s fundamental bases; and, Dmitri Tymoczko’s parsimonious voice leading form the basis of the model for categorizing the teleportation pieces. In general, these pieces begin with some form of prolongation (often tonic); proceed to a subdominant function; employ a chromatically altered chord in a quasi-dominant function; and, end with a weakened cadence in the major tonic key. By examining the elements of this model in each piece, this paper explains how the teleportation pieces use unusual harmonic language and progressions while maintaining a coherent identity in the context of the game’s score.
Overview: Livelihood Re-Establishment After Resettlement due to Dam Construction
Authors: Fujikura Ryo , Nakayama Mikiyasu
Published: February 2019

This special issue features case studies carried out in Indonesia, Japan, and Sri Lanka, in which at least one of the following issues was observed and studied: (a) long-term (a few to several decades) implications of resettlement on livelihood re-establishment, (b) resettlement from rural areas with agriculture- or forestry-based economies to cities, and (c) gender issues associated with resettlement and livelihood re-establishment. These case studies were conducted for the purpose of examining how the planning and operation of the resettlement process affected residents reconstructing their livelihood. We conclude that there is still room for improvement in how compensation for resettlers and their livelihood re-establishment should be addressed by dam developers. We found that very limited attention has been paid to the gender issue in designing and implementing compensation packages for resettlers. And we also note that resettlers are not the only populations that need to be cared for. Dam construction also has an impact on non-resettlers in the project command area whose assets are not submerged. Their livelihood tends to be worse off after completion of a dam and reservoir. Infrastructure development in the project command area, particularly improvement of traffic systems, should be undertaken both for non-resettlers and resettlers who need or decide to live in the same area as before the construction.
Historicizing the Knowledge Commons: Open Access, Technical Knowledge, and the Industrial Application of Science
Authors: Martin Shawn
Published: February 2019

How does open access relate to scholarly communication? Though there are many modern definitions stressing the accessibility of knowledge to everyone, sharing scientific knowledge has a much longer history. What might the concept of ‘open access’ have meant to scientists and knowledge practitioners over the past several hundred years? This paper poses some relevant questions and calls for better historicization of the idea of the knowledge commons at different periods of time, particularly the era of the ‘Republic of Letters’ and the ‘Modern System of Science.’ The concept of open access as it relates to academic publishing has been very nuanced, and hopefully, understanding the history of ‘open access’ in relation to scholarly communication can help us to have more informed debates about where open access needs to go in the future.
LA CARRERA DE MEDICINA
Authors: Licona Rivera Tania Soledad
Published: February 2019

La Medicina es una noble profesión que trata sobre todas las cosas de preservar la salud de la población en general. Todos los médicos de vocación debemos tratar al paciente como nos gustaría que trataran a nuestros familiares o a nosotros mismos.