bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring Information Exchange between Thesium chinense and Its Host Prunella vulgaris through Joint Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis
Authors: Ding Anping , Wang Ruifeng , Liu Juan , Meng Wenna , Zhang Yu , Chen Guihong , Hu Gang , Tan Mingpu , Xiang Zengxu
Published: March 2024

Background: Thesium chinense known as the “plant antibiotic” is a facultative root hemi-parasitic herb while Prunella vulgaris can serve as its host. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the communication between T. chinense and its host remained largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive view of transferred metabolites and mobile mRNAs exchanged between T. chinense and P. vulgaris. Results: The wide-target metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis identified 5 transferred metabolites (ethylsalicylate, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, aromadendrin-7-O-glucoside, pruvuloside B, 2-ethylpyrazine) and 50 mobile genes between T. chinense and P. vulgaris, as well as haustoria formation related 56 metabolites and 44 genes. There were 4 metabolites (ethylsalicylate, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, aromadendrin-7-O-glucoside and pruvuloside B) that are transferred from P. vulgaris to T. chinense, whereas 2-ethylpyrazine was transferred in the opposite direction. Furthermore, we inferred a regulatory network potentially involved in haustoria formation, where three metabolites (N,N′-Dimethylarginine/SDMA, NG,NG-Dimethyl-L-arginine, 2-Acetoxymethyl-anthraquinone) showed significant positive correlations with the majority of haustoria formation-related genes. Conclusions: These results suggested that there was an extensive exchange of information with P. vulgaris including transferred metabolites and mobile mRNAs, which might facilitate the haustoria formation and parasition of T. chinense.
Mycorrhizas Affect Physiological Performance, Antioxidant System, Photosynthesis, Endogenous Hormones, and Water Content in Cotton under Salt Stress
Authors: Zhang De-Jian , Tong Cui-Ling , Wang Qiong-Shan , Bie Shu
Published: March 2024

Saline–alkali stress seriously endangers the normal growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could enhance salt tolerance by establishing symbiotic relationships with plants. Based on it, a pot experiment was conducted to simulate a salt environment in which cotton was inoculated with Paraglomus occultum to explore its effects on the saline–alkali tolerance of cotton. Our results showed that salt stress noticeably decreased cotton seedling growth parameters (such as plant height, number of leaves, dry weight, root system architecture, etc.), while AMF exhibited a remarkable effect on promoting growth. It was noteworthy that AMF significantly mitigated the inhibitory effect of salt on cotton seedlings. However, AMF colonization in root and soil hyphal length were collectively descended via salt stress. With regard to osmotic regulating substances, Pro and MDA values in roots were significantly increased when seedlings were exposed to salt stress, while AMF only partially mitigated these reactions. Salt stress increased ROS levels in the roots of cotton seedlings and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, POD, and CAT), while AMF mitigated the increases in ROS levels but further strengthened antioxidant enzyme activity. AMF inoculation increased the photosynthesis parameters of cotton seedling leaves to varying degrees, while salt stress decreased them dramatically. When inoculated with AMF under a salt stress environment, only partial mitigation of these photosynthesis values was observed. Under saline–alkali stress, AMF improved the leaf fluorescence parameters (φPSII, Fv′/Fm′, and qP) of cotton seedlings, leaf chlorophyll levels, and root endogenous hormones (IAA and BR); promoted the absorption of water; and maintained nitrogen balance, thus alleviating the damage from salt stress on the growth of cotton plants to some extent. In summary, mycorrhizal cotton seedlings may exhibit mechanisms involving root system architecture, the antioxidant system, photosynthesis, leaf fluorescence, endogenous hormones, water content, and nitrogen balance that increase their resistance to saline–alkali environments. This study provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the application of AMF to enhance the salt tolerance of cotton.
Forest Age Drives the Resource Utilization Indicators of Trees in Planted and Natural Forests in China
Authors: Zhang Xing , Chen Xiaohong , Ji Yuhui , Wang Ru , Gao Jie
Published: March 2024

Specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) are key leaf functional traits commonly used to reflect tree resource utilization strategies and predict forest ecosystem responses to environmental changes. Previous research on tree resource utilization strategies (SLA and LDMC) primarily focused on the species level within limited spatial scales, making it crucial to quantify the spatial variability and driving factors of these strategies. Whether there are discrepancies in resource utilization strategies between trees in planted and natural forests, and the dominant factors and mechanisms influencing them, remain unclear. This study, based on field surveys and the literature from 2008 to 2020 covering 263 planted and 434 natural forests in China, using generalized additive models (GAMs) and structural equation models (SEMs), analyzes the spatial differences and dominant factors in tree resource utilization strategies between planted and natural forests. The results show that the SLA of planted forests is significantly higher than that of natural forests (p < 0.01), and LDMC is significantly lower (p < 0.0001), indicating a “faster investment–return” resource utilization strategy. As the mean annual high temperature (MAHT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP) steadily rise, trees have adapted their resource utilization strategies, transitioning from a “conservative” survival tactic to a “rapid investment–return” model. Compared to natural forests, planted forest trees exhibit stronger environmental plasticity and greater variability with forest age in their resource utilization strategies. Overall, forest age is the dominant factor influencing resource utilization strategies in both planted and natural forests, having a far greater direct impact than climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, and sunlight) and soil nutrient factors. Additionally, as forest age increases, both planted and natural forests show an increase in SLA and a decrease in LDMC, indicating a gradual shift towards more efficient resource utilization strategies.
Antioxidant and Anti-Melanogenesis Effects of Teucrium chamaedrys L. Cell Suspension Extract and Its Main Phenylethanoid Glycoside in B16-F10 Cells
Authors: Pruccoli Letizia , Nicolini Benedetta , Lianza Mariacaterina , Teti Gabriella , Falconi Mirella , Tarozzi Andrea , Antognoni Fabiana
Published: March 2024

Teucrium chamaedrys L. is a typical European–Mediterranean species of the genus Teucrium. Among the phenolic compounds belonging to phenylethanoid glycosides (PGs), teucrioside (TS) is only found in this species, and it was previously demonstrated to be produced by in vitro-elicited cell cultures at levels higher than those found in leaves. However, T. chamaedrys cell suspension extracts (Cell-Ex) and pure TS have not been investigated yet for any biological effects. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and anti-melanogenesis activity of both Cell-Ex and TS in B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. The results showed that Cell-Ex inhibited the reactive oxygen species formation evoked in B16-F10 cells by tert-butyl hydroperoxide and 5 J/cm2 of UVA, as well as the melanin increase stimulated by α-MSH or 20 J/cm2 of UVA. In parallel, a TS concentration equivalent to that present in Cell-Ex recorded the same biological effect profile, suggesting the main contribution of TS to the antioxidant and anti-melanogenic properties of Cell-Ex. Both Cell-Ex and TS also modulated the melanogenesis pathway through their ability to inhibit the tyrosinase activity both in a cell-free system and in B16-F10 cells stimulated by α-MSH. These results support the potential cosmeceutical use of Cell-Ex for protection against photooxidative damage and hyperpigmentation.
ABA Inhibits Rice Seed Aging by Reducing H2O2 Accumulation in the Radicle of Seeds
Authors: Zheng Qin , Teng Zhenning , Zhang Jianhua , Ye Nenghui
Published: March 2024

The seed, a critical organ in higher plants, serves as a primary determinant of agricultural productivity, with its quality directly influencing crop yield. Improper storage conditions can diminish seed vigor, adversely affecting seed germination and seedling establishment. Therefore, understanding the seed-aging process and exploring strategies to enhance seed-aging resistance are paramount. In this study, we observed that seed aging during storage leads to a decline in seed vigor and can coincide with the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the radicle, resulting in compromised or uneven germination and asynchronous seedling emergence. We identified the abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism gene, abscisic acid 8′-hydroxylase 2 (OsABA8ox2), as significantly induced by aging treatment. Interestingly, transgenic seeds overexpressing OsABA8ox2 exhibited reduced seed vigor, while gene knockout enhanced seed vigor, suggesting its role as a negative regulator. Similarly, seeds pretreated with ABA or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, an H2O2 inhibitor) showed increased resistance to aging, with more robust early seedling establishment. Both OsABA8ox2 mutant seeds and seeds pretreated with ABA or DPI displayed lower H2O2 content during aging treatment. Overall, our findings indicate that ABA mitigates rice seed aging by reducing H2O2 accumulation in the radicle. This study offers valuable germplasm resources and presents a novel approach to enhancing seed resistance against aging.
The Promising Potential of Triploidy in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Breeding
Authors: Othmani Ahmed , Hamza Hammadi , Kadri Karim , Sellemi Amel , Leus Leen , Werbrouck Stefaan P. O.
Published: March 2024

Date palms are a vital part of oasis ecosystems and are an important source of income in arid and semi-arid areas. Crossbreeding is limited due to the long juvenile stage of date palms and their dioecious nature. The aim of this study was to create triploid date palms to obtain larger and seedless fruits and to increase resilience to abiotic stresses. A tetraploid date palm mutant was crossed with a diploid male palm, yielding hundreds of seeds suspected of containing triploid embryos. Six years after planting, four palms with confirmed triploidy reached maturity. They are phenotypically distinct from diploids, with a thicker rachis, thinner spines, wider and longer midleaf spines, and a longer apical spine. They were classified as sterile bisexual, sterile male and fertile female. One of the latter produced very tasty dates with a very small seed, which is promising for the marketability and profitability of date palm fruits. This first report on triploid date palms provides a way in which to make a significant leap forward in date palm breeding. Given the vigor and fruit quality of female triploid date palms, compared to their diploid counterparts, they will be the target of breeding programs and may spearhead new oases.
A Perspective on Plastics and Microplastics Contamination in Garden Soil in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Falconi Isabela Brandolis Alves , Mackay Melanie , Zafar Geety , Holuszko Maria E.
Published: March 2024

Plastic contamination is commonly reported in urban and rural soils, as well as in fresh and ocean waters. Canada’s government has attempted to limit the contamination of single-use plastic by banning the manufacturing and selling of specific types of plastic. In British Columbia, current regulations governing commercial composting state that when compost has less than 1% of its dry weight representing foreign materials (including plastic), it can be sold and used in soils. However, due to the low density of plastic and its potential to break down into microparticles, this amount may be enough to become toxic when used in agricultural soils. This paper studies contamination of plastic in garden soils and summarizes how this can affect the environment with a preliminary examination of a garden soil sample. The examination showed that the garden soil sample contained mainly low-density polyethylene, polyethylene and polypropylene plastics (identified through ATR-FTIR) in oxidized and unoxidized forms that can come from commercial composting and hypothesizes that this plastic could break down into microplastic particles. In order to limit the amount of plastic contamination in agricultural soils, it is necessary to modify current compost regulations in order to treat plastic differently than other foreign materials (glass, metal, wood).
Morphology and Compressive Properties of Extruded Polyethylene Terephthalate Foam
Authors: Zhang Zhicheng , Xin Chunling , Ma Chiyuan , Xu Wenchong , Ren Feng , He Yadong
Published: March 2024

The cell structure and compressive properties of extruded polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam with different densities were studied. The die of the PET foaming extruder is a special multi-hole breaker plate, which results in a honeycomb-shaped foam block. The SEM analysis showed that the aspect ratio and cell wall thickness of the strand border is greater than that of the strand body. The cells are elongated and stronger in the extruding direction, and the foam anisotropy of the structure and compressive properties decrease with increasing density. The compression results show typical stress–strain curves even though the extruded PET foam is composed of multiple foamed strands. The compression properties of PET foam vary in each of the three directions, with the best performing direction (i.e., extrusion direction) showing stretch-dominated structures, while the other two directions show bending-dominated structures. Foam mechanics models based on both rectangular and elongated Kelvin cell geometries were considered to predict the compressive properties of PET foams in terms of relative density, structure anisotropy, and the properties of the raw polymer. The results show that the modulus and strength anisotropy of PET foam can be reasonably predicted by the rectangular cell model, but more accurate predictions were obtained with an appropriately assumed elongated Kelvin model.
Correction: Avşar Aydın, E. 3D-Printed Graphene-Based Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design and Analysis for Ultra-Wideband Applications. Polymers 2021, 13, 3724
Authors: Avşar Aydın Emine
Published: March 2024

In the original publication [...]
Tribological Characterization of a Novel Ceramic–Epoxy–Kevlar Composite
Authors: Fouad Yassin , Aleid Abdulrahman A. , Osman Omer , Merah Necar , Shaarawi Amjad , Hijles Ali , Waluyo Fawzia
Published: March 2024

This work aims to explore the effect of side load and rotational speed on the tribological behavior of a novel ceramic–epoxy composite in Kevlar matrix casing lining that is in contact with a rotating drillpipe tool joint (DP-TJ) coated with the same composite. Three rotational speeds (65, 115, and 154 rpm) and three side loads (500, 700, and 1000 N) were considered under water-based mud (WBM) lubrication. Wear depths, volumes, and specific casing wear rates (K) were determined for each combination of speed and load. The wear depth and K were found to increase with an increasing applied side load. However, the specific casing wear rate at the rotational speed of 115 rpm was found to be the lowest among the three speeds. This is mainly due to a probable lubrication regime change from boundary lubrication at 65 rpm to hydrodynamic lubrication with a thick lubricant film at 115 rpm. The digital microscope images were used to determine the wear mechanism, showing that at low speeds, the main mechanism was abrasive wear, but the increase in the speed brought about more adhesive wear. In contrast, the change in the side load does not affect the wear mechanism of the casing. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the surface and composition of the novel material before and after the wear tests.
Environmental Durability of Bio-Based and Synthetic Thermoplastic Composites in Large-Format Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Saavedra-Rojas Felipe A. , Bhandari Sunil , Lopez-Anido Roberto A.
Published: March 2024

This research investigates the durability of large-format 3D-printed thermoplastic composite material systems under environmental exposure conditions of moisture and freeze–thaw. Durability was evaluated for two bio-based composite material systems, namely wood-fiber-reinforced semi-crystalline polylactic acid (WF/PLA) and wood-fiber-reinforced amorphous polylactic acid (WF/aPLA), and one conventionally used synthetic material system, namely short-carbon-fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (CF/ABS). The moisture absorption, coefficient of moisture expansion, and reduction of relevant mechanical properties—flexural strength and flexural modulus—after accelerated exposure were experimentally characterized. The results showed that the large-format 3D-printed parts made from bio-based thermoplastic polymer composites, compared to conventional polymer composites, were more susceptible to moisture and freeze–thaw exposure, with higher moisture absorption and greater reductions in mechanical properties.
The Jewish Reception of the Ars Notoria: Preliminary Insights into a Recent Discovery
Authors: Sofer Gal
Published: March 2024

Recent advancements in studying the Ars Notoria, notably through Julian Véronèse’s critical edition, have provided insights into its manuscripts and various interpretations. This progress sets the stage for exploring a less examined area: the Jewish reception of the Ars Notoria, a topic ripe for investigation in the current scholarly landscape. This article explores the Jewish engagement with this Christian text, particularly through its Hebrew translation Melekhet Muskelet, as well as a notable discovery that links the Ars Notoria’s notae to the Kabbalistic ten sefirot. This connection suggests an early Jewish interest in this Christian magical text. The study, using textual and visual analysis, offers insights into the interplay between medieval Jewish Kabbalah and Christian magical texts, underscoring the need to reevaluate their mutual influences during the 13th and 14th centuries.
The Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Water Resources (Rainfall and Snow) in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range (Southern Spain)
Authors: Pardo-Igúzquiza Eulogio , Martos-Rosillo Sergio , Jódar Jorge , Dowd Peter A.
Published: March 2024

This paper describes the use of a unique spatio-temporally resolved precipitation and temperature dataset to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of water resources over a period of almost seven decades across the Sierra Nevada mountain range, which is the most southern Alpine environment in Europe. The altitude and geographical location of this isolated alpine environment makes it a good detector of climate change. The data were generated by applying geostatistical co-kriging to significant instrumental precipitation and temperature (minimum, maximum and mean) datasets. The correlation between precipitation and altitude was not particularly high and the statistical analysis yielded some surprising results in the form of mean annual precipitation maps and yearly precipitation time series. These results confirm the importance of orographic precipitation in the Sierra Nevada mountain range and show a decrease in mean annual precipitation of 33 mm per decade. Seasonality, however, has remained constant throughout the period of the study. The results show that previous studies have overestimated the altitudinal precipitation gradient in the Sierra Nevada and reveal its complex spatial variability. In addition, the results show a clear correspondence between the mean annual precipitation and the NAO index and, to a much lesser extent, the WeMO index. With respect to temperature, there is a high correlation between minimum temperature and altitude (coefficient of correlation = −0.84) and between maximum temperature and altitude (coefficient of correlation = −0.9). Thus, our spatial temperature maps were very similar to topographic maps, but the temporal trend was complex, with negative (decreasing) and positive (increasing) trends. A dynamic model of snowfall can be obtained by using the degree-day methodology. These results should be considered when checking the local performance of climatological models.
Treatment of Gout in Patients with CrCl ≤30 mL/min and/or on Hemodialysis: A Review
Authors: Saliba Fares , Mourad Omar , Mina Jonathan , Haddadin Fadi , Aoun Laurence , Almardini Shaza , Abu-baker Saif , Sangaraju Koushik , Di Pietro Gaetano , Gaballa Daniel , El-sayegh Suzanne
Published: March 2024

Gout is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), owing to impaired uric acid excretion. However, treating gout in this population is challenging due to concerns about medication safety and efficacy with reduced kidney function. This review examines the evidence of various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches to managing gout in CKD/ESRD. For acute gout flares, there is insufficient evidence to guide optimal dosing of NSAIDs, colchicine, and corticosteroids in advanced CKD. The risks generally outweigh the benefits of NSAIDs and colchicine. Corticosteroids appear safer but require individual risk-benefit assessments. Interleukin-1 inhibitors show promise, but larger studies are needed. For long-term urate lowering, xanthine oxidase inhibitors like allopurinol and febuxostat are preferred over probenecid and other uricosurics. However, studies specifically evaluating urate-lowering therapies in CKD are scarce, resulting in conflicting expert guidelines. Starting with low allopurinol doses and gradual titration can mitigate the risks. Higher allopurinol doses may be needed to reach urate targets in some CKD patients. Febuxostat’s safety in advanced CKD remains debated. Optimal gout management in dialysis patients is also unclear, including when to continue urate-lowering therapy. Overall, gout is often suboptimally treated in CKD/ESRD, highlighting the need for more research to guide therapy in this population. Improving management can significantly reduce the burden of these comorbid diseases.
The Crack Diffusion Model: An Innovative Diffusion-Based Method for Pavement Crack Detection
Authors: Zhang Haoyuan , Chen Ning , Li Mei , Mao Shanjun
Published: March 2024

Pavement crack detection is of significant importance in ensuring road safety and smooth traffic flow. However, pavement cracks come in various shapes and forms which exhibit spatial continuity, and algorithms need to adapt to different types of cracks while preserving their continuity. To address these challenges, an innovative crack detection framework, CrackDiff, based on the generative diffusion model, is proposed. It leverages the learning capabilities of the generative diffusion model for the data distribution and latent spatial relationships of cracks across different sample timesteps and generates more accurate and continuous crack segmentation results. CrackDiff uses crack images as guidance for the diffusion model and employs a multi-task UNet architecture to predict mask and noise simultaneously at each sampling step, enhancing the robustness of generations. Compared to other models, CrackDiff generates more accurate and stable results. Through experiments on the Crack500 and DeepCrack pavement datasets, CrackDiff achieves the best performance (F1 = 0.818 and mIoU = 0.841 on Crack500, and F1 = 0.841 and mIoU = 0.862 on DeepCrack).
Deep Learning-Based Landslide Recognition Incorporating Deformation Characteristics
Authors: Li Zhihai , Shi Anchi , Li Xinran , Dou Jie , Li Sijia , Chen Tingxuan , Chen Tao
Published: March 2024

Landslide disasters pose a significant threat, with their highly destructive nature underscoring the critical importance of timely and accurate recognition for effective early warning systems and emergency response efforts. In recent years, substantial advancements have been made in the realm of landslide recognition (LR) based on remote sensing data, leveraging deep learning techniques. However, the intricate and varied environments in which landslides occur often present challenges in detecting subtle changes, especially when relying solely on optical remote sensing images. InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) technology emerges as a valuable tool for LR, providing more detailed ground deformation data and enhancing the theoretical foundation. To harness the slow deformation characteristics of landslides, we developed the FCADenseNet model. This model is designed to learn features and patterns within ground deformation data, with a specific focus on improving LR. A noteworthy aspect of our model is the integration of an attention mechanism, which considers various monitoring factors. This holistic approach enables the comprehensive detection of landslide disasters across entire watersheds, providing valuable information on landslide hazards. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the FCADenseNet model, with an F1-score of 0.7611, which is 9.53% higher than that of FC_DenseNet. This study substantiates the feasibility and efficacy of combining InSAR with deep learning methods for LR. The insights gained from this research contribute to the advancement of regional landslide geological hazard monitoring, identification, and prevention strategies.
Ground Electric Field, Atmospheric Weather and Electric Grid Variations in Northeast Greece Influenced by the March 2012 Solar Activity and the Moderate to Intense Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Anagnostopoulos Georgios , Karkanis Anastasios , Kampatagis Athanasios , Marhavilas Panagiotis , Menesidou Sofia-Anna , Efthymiadis Dimitrios , Keskinis Stefanos , Ouzounov Dimitar , Hatzigeorgiu Nick , Danikas Michael
Published: March 2024

In a recent paper, we extended a previous study on the solar solar influence to the generation of the March 2012 heatwave in the northeastern USA. In the present study we check the possible relationship of solar activity with the early March 2012 bad weather in northeast Thrace, Greece. To this end, we examined data from various remote sensing instrumentation monitoring the Sun (SDO satellite), Interplanetary space (ACE satellite), the Earth’s magnetosphere (Earth-based measurements, NOAA-19 satellite), the top of the clouds (Terra and Aqua satellites), and the near ground atmosphere. Our comparative data analysis suggests that: (i) the winter-like weather (rainfall, fast winds, decreased temperature) in Thrace started on 6 March 2012, the same day as the heatwave started in USA, (ii) during the March 2012 winter-like event in Thrace (6–15 March), the ACE satellite recorded enhanced fluxes of solar energetic particles (SEPs), while SOHO and PAMELA recorded solar protons at very high energies (>500 MeV), (iii) Between 3–31 March, the temperature in Alexandoupoli and the ACE/EPAM solar high energy (1.88–4.70 MeV) proton flux were strongly anticorelated (r = −0.75, p = 0.5). (iv) Thrace experienced particularly intense cyclonic circulation, during periods of magnetic storms on 8–10 and 12–13 March, which occurred after the arrival at ACE of two interplanetary shock waves, on March 8 and March 11, respectively, (v) at the beginning of the two above mentioned periods large atmospheric electric fields were recorded, with values ranging between ~−2000 V/m and ~1800 V/m on 8 March, (vi) the winter-like weather on 8–10 March 2012 occurred after the detection of the main SEP event related with a coronal mass ejection released in interplanetary space as a result of intense solar flare activity observed by SDO on 7 March 2012, (vi) the 8–10 March weather was related with a deep drop of ~63 °C in the cloud top temperature measured by MODIS/Terra, which favors strong precipitation. Finally, we analyzed data from the electric power network in Thrace (~41°N) and we found, for the first time sudden voltage changes of ~3.5 kV in the electric grid in Greece, during the decay phase of the March 2012 storm series. We discuss the winter-like March 2012 event in Thrace regarding the influence of solar cosmic rays on the low troposphere mediated by positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Finally, we infer that the novel finding of the geomagnetic effects on the electric power grid in Thrace may open a new window into space weather applications research.
Soybean Seed Coat Cracks and Green Seeds—Predisposing Conditions, Identification and Management
Authors: Lemes Ernane Miranda , Catão Hugo César Rodrigues Moreira
Published: March 2024

Seed coat cracking and green seeds threaten soybean crop production. Seed coat cracking results from a complex interplay of genetic factors, environmental stresses, and crop management practices. Green seeds, linked to water deficit, nutritional deficiencies, and environmental stresses, exhibit reduced quality and viability. The intricate relationships between seed coat integrity and seed permeability, influenced by the lignin content, porosity, and color, play a pivotal role in seed germination, storage potential, and resistance to field stresses. These issues reverberate through the soybean agricultural supply chain. Strategic interventions are crucial to address these abnormalities and ensure soybean productivity. Seed germination and vigor are reduced due to seed coat cracking and green seeds, undermining food security and necessitating additional resources for disease management. The occurrence and identification of green seeds and seeds with cracks in the seed coat were also reported by identifying the genes and QTLs (quantitative trait loci) associated with these characteristics. Herbicides, commonly used in weed management, may offer a strategic approach to mitigating seed coat cracking and green seed occurrence. Understanding the complex interactions between the genetics, environmental factors, and management practices influencing seed abnormalities is essential as global climate change intensifies. This review emphasizes the need for integrated strategies, balanced plant nutrition, and cohesive phytosanitary management to mainly alleviate seed coat cracking and greenish occurrences in soybeans and other plant species.
The Effect of Organic Lake Sediments (Sapropel) on the Properties and Biological Resistance of Unfired Clay Bricks
Authors: Voišnienė Violeta , Kizinievič Olga , Albrektienė-Plačakė Ramunė , Vasiliauskienė Dovilė , Urbonavičius Jaunius , Vilkauskaitė Rasa
Published: March 2024

Clay materials were prepared with clay and sapropel (SP) or clay and modified (frozen) sapropel (FSP) as the main raw materials. Clay-based materials were formed by mixing clay with a different dosage of SP or FSP (5–30 wt.%). The effect of SP or FSP on the properties and biological resistance of clay-based materials was studied. The results show that the bulk density of clay-based materials decreased, and the compressive strength and initial rate of water absorption increased with the increase in the SP or FSP amount in the clay mixture. Research has shown that SP or FSP can be added as a natural additive containing microfibers to improve the mechanical properties of clay materials. When clay bricks had less than 15% sapropel, dry or frozen, we tested the resistance impact of the fungi Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Stachybotrys chartarum, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Aureobasidium pullulans under normal conditions.
The Role of Procedure Duration in the Sustainability Assessment of Contaminated Site Management in Italy
Authors: Araneo Federico , Bartolucci Eugenia , Pascarella Fabio , Pinzin Federico , Illankoon W. A. M. A. N. , Vaccari Mentore
Published: March 2024

The European Union (EU) has placed a strong focus on soil contamination and remediation in its Thematic Strategy for Soil Protection, emphasizing the critical need for comprehensive soil data at the EU level. To effectively support EU soil management strategies, it is necessary to develop soil-related indicators and standardized datasets across all EU member states. However, the lack of standardized methodologies for estimating the time required for contaminated site remediation is a dilemma in Italy and throughout Europe. This study examines statistical data on the time-consuming nature of the contaminated site remediation process in Italy. In fact, early intervention not only simplifies site remediation but also reduces long-term financial obligations such as monitoring costs and potential legal implications. This study categorized data according to remedial procedures, explored different management phases, and revealed different timescales for completing the procedure. The findings show that processes completed after preliminary investigations are often shorter in time than those completed following conceptual model assessments. In contrast, processes that require corrective measures typically take a longer period of time to complete. Notably, remedial interventions tend to have a shorter duration compared to risk management interventions. Furthermore, procedures that address both soil and groundwater contamination generally require more time compared to those that focus only on soil remediation. This study provides valuable insight into the time-consuming aspects of remediation procedures, recommending potential changes to regulatory frameworks to accelerate site remediation activities.
Citizen Science for Environmental Monitoring in the Eastern Region of Bolivia
Authors: Maillard Oswaldo , Michme Gilka , Azurduy Huascar , Vides-Almonacid Roberto
Published: March 2024

The eastern region of Bolivia is of high conservation interest due to the presence of the Chiquitano Dry Forest, Dry Chaco, Pantanal and Cerrado ecoregions. However, this region is under high pressure from various anthropogenic threats, which requires continuous monitoring. An alternative for this monitoring is the use of mobile applications designed under the concept of citizen science, in which local stakeholders are part of the process of obtaining information and finding solutions to environmental problems in their territories. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the information obtained during environmental monitoring with a citizen science approach in the eastern region of Bolivia. We developed a public electronic form for the ArcGIS Survey123 mobile application to capture spatial data of nine thematic variables. Between 2021 and 2023, we conducted 16 training courses in 12 population centers, with attendees from 98 communities in 6 municipalities in the region. A total of 360 volunteers from different sectors participated in the training, including technicians from public and private institutions, park rangers, community representatives and citizens. We obtained a total of 379 records, of which 70.4% were recorded near communities and the rest within protected areas. The results were reclassified and grouped into three clusters: human activities, water resources and biodiversity. In the human activities cluster, the categories with the highest number of records were wildfires and deforestation. In the water resources cluster, the categories with the most records were cattle waterholes and streams, but one of the most notable records was the reduction of wetlands in a sector of the Bolivian Pantanal. In the biodiversity cluster, the main reports were for mammals, and among the most notable records obtained were the footprints of the jaguar (Panthera onca). This monitoring tool made it possible to generate and use high-quality information in different sites in the eastern region in almost real time, which could help strengthen the interactions and relationship with users in environmental dialogue and governance processes.
A Way to Attract Digital Nomads to Tourist Destinations in the New Normal Era
Authors: Ji Yunho , Kim Sang-Min , Kim YoungJun
Published: March 2024

In the new normal era, digital nomads are poised to play a pivotal role in driving innovation and revitalizing local economies. Their unique lifestyle and skillset can contribute to positive social and cultural changes, making them valuable assets in shaping the future of work and society. This study explores the characteristics of digital nomads based on remote work and seeks policy ways to attract digital nomads to tourist attractions. Focus group interviews (FGIs) were intended to establish policies related to digital nomads’ tourist sites in the new normal era and to provide implications for strategies to revitalize digital nomads. Each FGI’s panel consists of eight people working for working-level officials, government officials, and public organizations, and it was held three times in about two months, from January to February 2023. FGIs consist of four areas: ‘activating local tourism’, ‘digital transformation’, ‘development of wellness contents’, and ‘creating a settlement environment’. Moreover, eight strategic topics and 24 strategic tasks were derived from each strategic category. Seeking regional attraction strategies for digital nomads is meaningful in responding to paradigm shifts in the new normal era and exploring sustainable local ecosystems.
Swipe to Sustain: Exploring Consumer Behaviors in Organic Food Purchasing via Instagram Social Commerce
Authors: Poureisa Arman , Aziz Yuhanis Abdul , Ng Siew-Imm
Published: March 2024

Promoting organic foods production and consumption contributes to accomplishing the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. Social commerce provides a promising opportunity to develop the organic food industry. However, there is limited knowledge regarding customer behaviors in relation to purchasing organic foods via social commerce platforms. Therefore, this study expanded upon the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT-2) to develop a comprehensive model that explains how customers’ social commerce trust and behavioral intentions to purchase organic foods using Instagram social commerce affect their purchasing behaviors. The research model was analyzed by employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for the data collected from a quantitative survey of 410 customers who used Instagram to purchase organic foods in Iran. The results revealed that Instagram social commerce-facilitated purchasing conditions, hedonic motivations, social influence, ratings and reviews, and influencers’ endorsements positively influenced customers’ purchase intentions. Moreover, Instagram’s recommendations and referrals, influencers’ endorsements, as well as social influence boost customers’ trust in the social commerce platform. Eventually, it was determined that influencers’ endorsements, social commerce trust, and purchase intention determine a customer’s organic foods purchasing behaviors. This research provides valuable insights for organic food marketers to optimize their social commerce strategies.
Life Cycle Assessment of the Domestic Micro Heat and Power Generation Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell in Comparison with the Gas Condensing Boiler Plus Electricity from the Grid
Authors: Slotyuk Lyubov , Part Florian , Schlegel Moritz-Caspar , Akkerman Floris
Published: March 2024

The energy demand of private households contributes globally to 36.5% of the total CO2 emissions. To analyze the emissions reduction potential, we conducted a comparative life cycle assessment of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell in a residential application and a conventional system with a stand-alone gas condensing boiler and electricity from a grid mix. The period under review was referred to as the service life of the PEMFC and is assumed to be 10 years (83,038 h of PEMFC). The applicability of this in a single-family house built between 1991 and 2000 under German climatic conditions was investigated. The functional unit is set to the thermal energy demand of 16,244 kWh/a and electricity demand of 4919 kWh/a of a single-family house. The impact assessment method “CML 2001–August 2016” was used in this investigation. The manufacturing phase of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell showed disadvantages, whereby the use phase had significant advantages in most of the environmental impact categories as compared to the conventional energy supply system. Considering the whole life cycle, the advantages from the use phase could outperform the disadvantages from the manufacturing phase in most of the impact categories, except for ADP elements and TETP.
The Influence of Root Prominence on the Onset of Gingival Recession: A Systematic Review
Authors: Raso Girolamo , Santos Nuno Bernardo Malta dos , Nassani Leonardo M. , Mello-Moura Anna Carolina Volpi , Fernandes Juliana Campos Hasse , Fernandes Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira
Published: March 2024

This systematic review aimed to identify, evaluate, and summarize the results of relevant studies on radicular prominence and its relationship with gingival recessions. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, and the focused PICO question was “In teeth with vestibular site-specific root or alveolar bone prominence, what are the chances that this will lead to gingival recession or difficulty in root coverage procedures, compared to teeth correctly positioned in the alveolar bone or without anatomical root prominence?”. A search was carried out on three databases: Embase, PubMed/MedLine, and Wiley Library. This initial search was complemented with manual research. It included any clinical study, such as a randomized clinical trial, controlled clinical trial, prospective/retrospective clinical study, case series, or case report, published in English from January 2012 to December 2023, which reported any involvement of the root/bone prominence approach. The exclusion criteria were clinical studies without report results/details of the case(s), studies based on questionnaires, editorial letters, any review, in vitro/in silica and animal studies, and interviews. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement was applied for quality assessment. A total of 163 articles were found, but only three articles were included (k = 0.98). The included studies observed negative correlations when comparing the variables root prominence with linear root coverage, root surface area covered, and linear tissue thickness gain. It suggested a significant reduction in root coverage for prominences greater than 1 mm; therefore, relevant keratinized tissue gains can be achieved in gingival recession treatment after the application of the odontoplasty. The STROBE checklist evaluated 22 items, and all the included studies had a high-quality assessment (greater than 75%) with values greater than 85%. Then, it was not possible to draw conclusions due to the number of articles included, even though they had high-quality assessments. Otherwise, it is possible to suggest that the root prominence may impact gingival recession. Therefore, new and well-designed studies must be developed to establish a significant conclusion about this condition.
Some Properties of a Falling Function and Related Inequalities on Green’s Functions
Authors: Mohammed Pshtiwan Othman , Agarwal Ravi P. , Yousif Majeed A. , Al-Sarairah Eman , Mahmood Sarkhel Akbar , Chorfi Nejmeddine
Published: March 2024

Asymmetry plays a significant role in the transmission dynamics in novel discrete fractional calculus. Few studies have mathematically modeled such asymmetry properties, and none have developed discrete models that incorporate different symmetry developmental stages. This paper introduces a Taylor monomial falling function and presents some properties of this function in a delta fractional model with Green’s function kernel. In the deterministic case, Green’s function will be non-negative, and this shows that the function has an upper bound for its maximum point. More precisely, in this paper, based on the properties of the Taylor monomial falling function, we investigate Lyapunov-type inequalities for a delta fractional boundary value problem of Riemann–Liouville type.
Impact of Static Urban Traffic Flow-Based Traffic Weighted Multi-Maps Routing Strategies on Pollutant Emissions
Authors: Paricio-Garcia Alvaro , Lopez-Carmona Miguel A.
Published: March 2024

Addressing urban traffic congestion is a pressing issue requiring efficient solutions that need to be analyzed regarding travel time and pollutant emissions. The traffic weighted multi-maps (TWM) method has been proposed as an efficient mechanism for congestion mitigation that enables differential traffic routing and path diversity by strategically distributing different network views (maps) to the drivers. Previous works have focused on TWM generation by creating optimal edge weights, but the complexity exponentially increases with the network size and traffic group diversity. This work describes how congestion and emissions can be addressed using TWM maps based on the k-shortest paths for the traffic flows (instead of individuals) that are optimally assigned and distributed to the components of the traffic flow. The map allocation strategies optimal TWM (OTV), optimal TWM per path flow with linear constraints (LCTV), and its variant unconstrained optimal TWM per path flow (UCTV) are described. They use maps generated from the k-shortest paths of the traffic flows (kSP-TWM). The heuristic solution obtained is compared with the theoretical static traffic assignment estimation baseline with different configurations, regarding congestion reduction, total travel time enhancement, and pollutant emissions. Experiments are developed using a synthetic traffic grid network scenario with a mesoscopic simulation. They show that the solution provided is adequate for its proximity to the theoretical equilibrium solutions and can generate minimum emissions patterns. The presented solution opens new possibilities for further congestion and pollutant management studies and seamless integration with existing traffic management frameworks.
The Role of GIS Data Post-Processing in the Environmental Assessment: The Case of Umbria, Italy
Authors: Placidi Valeria , Cenci Michele , Castellani Francesco , Falasca Marta
Published: March 2024

The increasingly complex dynamics of urban planning require an innovative approach to land use suitability analyses and environmental assessments. Traditionally, these disciplines have provided a critical foundation for sustainable urban development, but the current acceleration of change requires renewed attention to technology and innovation. The integration of advanced territorial data is emerging as a key element to enrich the analysis and mapping of the landscape. This type of data allows for an updated and objective view of reality, providing urban planners and decision makers with a dynamic tool to quickly adapt to evolving urban needs. The use of new technologies increases the accuracy and effectiveness of these analyses, enabling more efficient and sustainable urban planning. This article explores how innovation and technology are transforming the field of land use suitability analyses and environmental assessments and provides real-life examples of how advanced territorial data can be used to model the landscape more accurately in the case of Umbria, a region in Italy characterised by a rich cultural history and picturesque landscapes. Umbria, with its unique geography and delicate environmental balance, provides a fertile ground for exploring how the implementation of territorial databases can contribute to the responsible management of industrial activities. This case study represents an important first step in applying a QGIS and Python geoprocessing approach to these issues. The methodology starts with the creation of territorial data and includes a post-processing phase using Python. This integrated approach not only provides an updated and objective view of the landscape but also represents the first instance in the literature of a study applied to such a small and environmentally rich region as Umbria.