bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Severe Myalgia Induced by Continuous‐Infusion Bumetanide in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Xiong Lianjie , Chinaeke Eric E. , Lu Kevin , Lenihan Daniel J. , Merritt Tyler E. , Cox Zachary L.
Published: June 2019

Study Objectives

Continuous intravenous (IV) infusion bumetanide has been associated with severe myalgia in case reports, and the package labeling lists a reported incidence of 0.2% for severe myalgia. The primary objective of this study was to quantify the incidence of bumetanide infusion–induced severe myalgia in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). Secondary objectives were to assess a dose–response relationship between bumetanide infusion rate and occurrence of myalgia and to investigate potential risk factors associated with bumetanide‐induced myalgia.

Design

Retrospective analysis.

Setting

Large academic medical center.

Patients

Adults hospitalized with AHF who required bumetanide (≥ 0.5 mg/hr [464 patients]) or furosemide (≥ 20 mg/hr [197 patients]) by continuous IV infusion between September 2015 and May 2017.

Measurements and Main Results

The incidence of severe myalgia with IV furosemide infusion was assessed to measure confounding by indication bias. Electronic medical records were used to identify patients exposed to bumetanide 0.25‐mg/ml or furosemide 2‐mg/ml continuous IV infusions. We defined severe myalgia as a diffuse myalgia with a physician's documented suspicion of bumetanide‐ or furosemide‐induced myalgia unresponsive to electrolyte repletion and necessitating a change to alternative diuretics. The incidence of severe myalgia during bumetanide therapy was 5.8%, with the incidence increasing with higher bumetanide infusion rates: 2.6% for an infusion rate ≤ 1 mg/hour and 10.3% for a rate > 1 mg/hour (p=0.0005). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a bumetanide infusion rate > 1 mg/hour was independently associated (odds ratio 4.8, 95% confidence interval 1.94–12.02, p=0.0007) with severe myalgia compared to that with a rate ≤ 1 mg/hour. No patients receiving furosemide continuous IV infusion experienced severe myalgia, although infusion rates were lower in potency than bumetanide infusion rates.

Conclusion

The incidence of severe myalgia in patients with AHF receiving bumetanide infusion was 5.8%, 29‐fold higher than incidence rate listed in the package labeling. Patients receiving infusion rates > 1 mg/hour were 4‐fold more likely to experience bumetanide‐induced severe myalgia than those receiving rates ≤ 1 mg/hour.
Fabrication and Characterization of Sensitive Room Temperature NO2 Gas Sensor Based on ZnSnO3 Thin Film
Authors: Dabbabi Samar , Nasr Tarek Ben , Madouri Ali , Cavanna Antonella , Garcia‐Loureiro Antonio , Kamoun Najoua
Published: June 2019

In this work, the simple and low cost fabrication of a new sensitive gas sensor ZnSnO3 thin film is demonstrated by mixing doped oxide solutions based on tin doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Sn) and fluorine doped tin oxide (SnO2:F). The structural, morphological, and optical properties are characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and spectrophotometry, respectively. Structural and morphological analysis confirmed the deposition of ZnSnO3 film with porous surface using mixed doped oxide solutions. Optical studies reveal that ZnSnO3 film exhibits a high transmittance (85%) and a wide band gap energy (3.5 eV), larger than that of ZnO:Sn film. Moreover, the several benefits of ZnSnO3 film are confirmed by offering high sensitivity to NO2 at room temperature.
Development of a Planarization Process for the Fabrication of Nanocrystalline Diamond Based Photonic Structures
Authors: Heupel Julia , Felgen Nina , Merz Rolf , Kopnarski Michael , Reithmaier Johann Peter , Popov Cyril
Published: June 2019

A significant reduction of the intrinsic surface roughness of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) layers (e.g., from 25–50 nm down to ≈ 2–6 nm) is accomplished together with an adjustment of the film thickness applying a two‐step planarization process. Therefore, a spin‐on‐glass (SOG), consisting of the inorganic polymer perhydropolysilazane, is spin‐coated on top of the NCD layer. After baking, a smooth silica‐like layer covered the diamond crystallites. This planar surface is transferred to the NCD surface by a dry etching step, yielding a similar etch selectivity for the diamond and the SOG layer (etching rates of SOG:NCD ≈ 1) applying a mixture of sulfur hexafluoride and oxygen. The planarized surface of the NCD layer led to an enhancement of the uniformity of structures defined by electron beam lithography (EBL), e.g., nanopillars with various diameters as well as two‐dimensional photonic crystal slabs.
Purification of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Acid Treatment and Magnetic Separation
Authors: Gurova Olga A. , Arhipov Vyacheslav E. , Koroteev Viktor O. , Guselnikova Tatiana Ya. , Asanov Igor P. , Sedelnikova Olga V. , Okotrub Alexander V.
Published: June 2019

A detailed analysis of TUBALL single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) after two‐step purification involving acid purification treatment with concentrated HCl, HNO3, H2SO4 and solution of HNO3:H2SO4 followed by magnetic processing is presented. The purity degree from iron higher than 99% is achieved, and the yield obtained by the above process is about 75 wt.%. Such high purity of the resultant sample is achieved by removing of the external iron nanoparticles by acid treatment and following extraction of nanotubes containing encapsulated nanoparticles under applied magnetic field. A comprehensive characterization of SWCNTs by Raman, optical absorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies reveals purification‐induced changes in the integrity, composition, and electronic properties of SWCNT.
An Ultra‐Broadband Metamaterial Absorber with High Absorption Rate Throughout the X‐Band
Authors: Ji Shijun , Jiang Chengxin , Zhao Ji , Wang Jili , Dai Handa
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a polarization‐insensitive and ultra‐broadband metamaterial absorber (UMMA), which has higher absorption throughout the whole X‐band. The UMMA unit cell consists of a metal film and a multilayer‐cross‐cone structure separated by a dielectric layer. The calculation result shows that the UMMA's absorptivity is greater than 96% in the entire X‐band (8–12 GHz) and the UMMA is polarization‐insensitive for normal incident wave. Moreover, the absorption rate is also more than 80% in X‐band when the incident angle is less than 56° for TE polarization wave. The electric field, magnetic field, and surface current distribution of the UMMA are analyzed to study its absorption mechanism. The influences of different key structural parameters on the absorber are also discussed, including the arm length and arm width of the bottom and top of the cross‐cone structure and the number of layers of the cross metal, consequently, a set of optimized design parameters is obtained. The proposed UMMA has a higher absorption rate in the entire X‐band, the UMMA can be used in electromagnetic stealth, electromagnetic shielding, secret detection and so on.
A Simple Model for Stretched Exponential Relaxation in Three‐Level Jumping Process
Authors: Aydiner Ekrem
Published: June 2019

In this study, operator formalism is briefly introduced which is used to model Debye‐type relaxation with three‐level jumping based on Markovian framework. The author generalizes this formalism to the non‐Markovian process to model the non‐exponential relaxation and internal friction of real bcc metals or systems like Snoek‐type. By using this formalism, stretched exponential relaxation and the frequency and temperature dependence of internal friction depending upon β parameter are obtained. For β = 1, it is shown that the relaxation is exponential which obeys Debye law, and the frequency and temperature dependence of internal peak are represented by a single Debye peak. However, for 0 < β < 1 the author shows that relaxation is given by stretched exponential form, and the internal friction deviates from single Debye peak. It is concluded that β represents the memory, aging, and coupling effects of stochastic dynamics in complex materials.
Development of multilayer films with improved aroma barrier properties for durian packaging application
Authors: Winotapun Charinee , Phattarateera Supanut , Aontee Ajcharaporn , Junsook Nantaya , Daud Witchuda , Kerddonfag Noppadon , Chinsirikul Wannee
Published: June 2019

The symmetrical A/B/A structure of multilayer blown films was fabricated in this study. The immiscible low‐density polyethylene/polylactic acid (LDPE/PLA) blend was set as a core (B) layer and LDPE was used as skin (A) layers. The compositions of PLA in the core layer were varied from 20 to 50 wt%. The thickness of each layer was 10 μm (total film thickness of ~ 30 μm). In a blown film co‐extrusion process, the morphology of the fiber/ribbon‐like structures of LDPE/PLA blend was developed. Such structures had interesting effects on gas permeability and aroma barrier properties of the films. For instance, multilayer LDPE films containing 40 and 50 wt% PLA (P40 and P50) showed the reduction of oxygen permeability (PO2) approximately 20% and 43%, respectively, compared with the neat LDPE film. A long tortuous path for gas and aroma transportation through film thickness was created from the developed ribbon‐like structures of the PLA minor phase. For durian packaging application, fresh‐cut durian of 300 g was packed in the developed multilayer films, LDPE, and HDPE (Control), stored at 4°C for 7 days. Results demonstrated that the steady‐state condition of 10% to 13% O2 and 8% to 10% CO2 was achieved in all packages except in the HDPE. Moreover, the P40 and P50 films exhibited an outstanding aroma barrier property for three major durian volatiles: diethyl sulfide, ethyl propanoate, and 2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol. Overall results clearly indicated that the multilayer LDPE films containing PLA exhibited a significantly improved aroma barrier performance with optimum gas permeability desirable for modified atmosphere packaging to retain quality of fresh‐cut durian throughout the storage period.
Context and Implications Document for: The influence of socio‐economic background and gender on PISA attainment in the United Kingdom: A systematic review
Authors: Early Erin , Miller Sarah , Dunne Laura , Thurston Allen , Filiz Mehmet
Published: June 2019

This guide accompanies the following article: Early, E., Miller, S., Dunne, L., Thurston, A. & Filiz, M. (2019) The influence of socio‐economic background and gender on PISA attainment in the United Kingdom: A systematic review, Review of Education, https://doi.org/10.1002/rev3.3175.
H∞ stabilization for networked semi‐Markovian jump systems with randomly occurring uncertainties via improved dynamic event‐triggered scheme
Authors: Wu Xihui , Mu Xiaowu
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to solve the H∞ stabilization problem for networked semi‐Markovian jump systems subject to randomly occurring uncertainties by an improved event‐triggered technique. A new measurement error that is defined as the difference value between the latest transmitted data and the mean value of both current data and latest transmitted data is introduced into the event‐triggered condition. Compared with traditional dynamic event‐triggered scheme, more unexpected data could be avoided to be transmitted, which is demonstrated in the simulation through sufficient comparison experiments. Furthermore, by employing a Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional method and a free‐weighting matrix method, sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the stabilization of the closed‐loop semi‐Markovian jump time‐delay system with uncertainties and a prescribed performance index. Then, a codesign method for H∞ controller gains and event‐triggered parameters is presented. Finally, simulations are given to verify the effectiveness of our improved dynamic event‐triggered scheme.
High‐Density Sb2Te3 Nanopillars Arrays by Templated, Bottom‐Up MOCVD Growth
Authors: Cecchini Raimondo , Gajjela Raja S. R. , Martella Christian , Wiemer Claudia , Lamperti Alessio , Nasi Lucia , Lazzarini Laura , Nobili Luca G. , Longo Massimo
Published: June 2019

Sb2Te3 exhibits several technologically relevant properties, such as high thermoelectric efficiency, topological insulator character, and phase change memory behavior. Improved performances are observed and novel effects are predicted for this and other chalcogenide alloys when synthetized in the form of high‐aspect‐ratio nanostructures. The ability to grow chalcogenide nanowires and nanopillars (NPs) with high crystal quality in a controlled fashion, in terms of their size and position, can boost the realization of novel thermoelectric, spintronic, and memory devices. Here, it is shown that highly dense arrays of ultrascaled Sb2Te3 NPs can be grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on patterned substrates. In particular, crystalline Sb2Te3 NPs with a diameter of 20 nm and a height of 200 nm are obtained in Au‐functionalized, anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates with a pore density of ≈5 × 1010 cm−2. Also, MOCVD growth of Sb2Te3 can be followed either by mechanical polishing and chemical etching to produce Sb2Te3 NPs arrays with planar surfaces or by chemical dissolution of the AAO templates to obtain freestanding Sb2Te3 NPs forests. The illustrated growth method can be further scaled to smaller pore sizes and employed for other MOCVD‐grown chalcogenide alloys and patterned substrates.
Role of Scrap Recycling for CO2 Emission Reduction in Steel Plant: A Model Based Approach
Authors: Sahoo Manisha , Sarkar Sidhartha , Das Ajoy C. R. , Roy Gour Gopal , Sen Prodip Kumar
Published: June 2019

Scrap recycling in steel industry plays a crucial role in green technology development by reducing CO2 emissions. Plant scale predictions on effectiveness of steel scrap recycle have been rarely attempted. A life cycle inventory (LCI)‐based methodology for plant CO2 emissions is developed using process modeling of different primary stages (blast furnace‐basic oxygen process (BF‐BOF) and directly reduced iron (DRI, coal based) ‐ electric arc furnace (EAF) process with scrap additions). Emission data from primary stages is used for secondary processing stages for predicting the scope of further reduction. Plant emission reduction through scrap recycle has shown that primary stage emission values can decrease to 1.79 kg CO2/FU (functional unit) and 2.30 kg CO2/FU, respectively, for BF‐BOF and DRI‐EAF routes, by using 400–420 kg scrap per ton of crude steel. The DRI‐EAF route emissions can further decrease if gas‐based DRI is used. Secondary processing of scrap has the potential to decrease overall steel industry emissions to 1.16 kg CO2/FU. Specific country‐based data is processed to estimate net emissions with scrap addition to both primary and secondary stages leading to net emissions of 2.17 kg CO2/FU from 2.6 kg CO2/FU without scrap addition.
Surveillance in the Name of Governance: Aadhaar as a Fix for Leaking Systems in India
Authors: Henne Kathryn
Published: June 2019

Many jurisdictions are employing biometric technologies to collect data about and verify the identities of social assistance recipients, with fraud prevention and cost savings serving as common justifications for doing so. This chapter explores the practices of building the infrastructure to monitor welfare beneficiaries, many of whom are vulnerable or marginalised populations. To do so, the chapter examines the Aadhaar system in India, which has issued over one billion unique identification numbers since being launched in 2010. The analysis illustrates a one-way expectation of knowledge and transparency (i.e., for citizens to disclose in order to access services), drawing attention to how nationalist agendas and forms of inequality inform who is subject to the state’s terms and conditions. In doing so, it considers how these forms of surveillance evince broader shifts in which state and non-state actors rely on knowledge to regulate subjects.
Taking Knowledge Seriously: Towards an International Political Economy Theory of Knowledge Governance
Authors: Haggart Blayne
Published: June 2019

The treatment of knowledge—most notably commodified knowledge—as a source and vector of power is a key blind spot in our understanding of the global political economy. This chapter offers a theoretical framework, based on the work of Susan Strange, for considering the relationship between what she called the “knowledge structure” and the other key sources of political and economic power—security, production, and finance. This framework is applied to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (now the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership) and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (concluded in September 2018), demonstrating how a direct focus on knowledge governance reveals power relations and economic effects that are otherwise obscured.
Erratum to: Australasian Sequestrate Fungi 19: Hysterangium colossum sp. nov.
Authors: Elliott Todd F. , Trappe James M. , Weise Armin
Published: June 2019

In naming the new species Hysterangium colossum (Elliott et al. 2015), we indicated that the epithet colossum was based on the Latin equivalent of the English adjective “colossal”. This Latin noun is actually “colosseus”, and so we have to make an orthographic correction as the correct Latin adjectival termination for “colossal” is “…eum” (Simpson 1959: 116). The species epithet must therefore be corrected to “colosseum”. This does not affect the valid publication of the name in our paper (Art. 32.2).
The bulk-to-boundary propagator in black hole microstate backgrounds
Authors: Chen Hongbin , Fitzpatrick A. Liam , Kaplan Jared , Li Daliang
Published: June 2019

Abstract

First-quantized propagation in quantum gravitational AdS3 backgrounds can be exactly reconstructed using CFT2 data and Virasoro symmetry. We develop methods to compute the bulk-to-boundary propagator in a black hole microstate,

$$ \left\langle {\phi}_L{\mathcal{O}}_L{\mathcal{O}}_H{\mathcal{O}}_H\right\rangle $$

ϕ
L

O
L

O
H

O
H

, at finite central charge. As a first application, we show that the semiclassical theory on the Euclidean BTZ solution sharply disagrees with the exact description, as expected based on the resolution of forbidden thermal singularities, though this effect may appear exponentially small for physical observers.
Inferring the covariant Θ-exact noncommutative coupling in the top quark pair production at linear colliders
Authors: Selvaganapathy J. , Konar Partha , Das Prasanta Kumar
Published: June 2019

Abstract

A novel non-minimal interaction of neutral right-handed fermion and abelian gauge field in the covariant Θ-exact noncommutative standard model (NCSM) which is invariant under Very Special Relativity (VSR) Lorentz subgroup, opens an avenue to study the top quark pair production at linear colliders. Here the non-minimal coupling is denoted asκand the noncommutative (NC) scale Λ. In this work, we consider two types of analysis, one is without considering helicity basis technique and another, considering helicity of the initial and final state particles. Further, the realistic electron and positron beam polarization are taken into account to measure the NC parameters. In the first case, whenκis positive and certain values of Λ, we found that a specific threshold value of machine energy (optimal energy in the units of GeV)$$ \sqrt{s_0}\left(\simeq 2.52\ \varLambda +39\right) $$s0≃2.52Λ+39may be quite useful to look for the signature of the spacetime noncommutativity with unpolarized beam. The statisticalχ2analysis of the azimuthal anisotropy which is due to broken rotational invariance about the beam axis, is quite possible whenκtakes negative value 0> κ >−0.596 which persuade a lower limit on NC scale Λ (1.0 to 2.4 TeV) atκmax= −0.296 with 95% C.L according to luminosity ranging from 100 fb−1to 1000 fb−1at machine energy$$ \sqrt{s}=1.4 $$s=1.4TeV and 3.0 TeV. In another case, we perform detailed analysis for the polarized and unpolarized electron-positron beam to probe spacetime noncommutativity in light of following observables like azimuthal anisotropy, helicity correlation, and top quark helicity left-right asymmetry. The polarization of the initial beam {Pe−, Pe+ } = {−0.8,0.3}({−0.8,0.6}) enhances the ranges of lower limit on Λ, i.e. 1.13 to 2.80 TeV atκmaxalongside theκmaxenhanced into −0.5445 (−0.607) 95%C.L accord with luminosity and machine energy. Finally, we studied the intriguing mixing of the UV and the IR by invoking a specific structure of noncommutative anti-symmetric tensor Θμνwhich is invariant under translationalT(2) VSR Lorentz subgroup.
Brazing in SiH4-Doped Inert Gases: A New Approach to an Environment Friendly Production Process
Authors: Holländer Ulrich , Wulff Daniel , Langohr André , Möhwald Kai , Maier Hans Jürgen
Published: June 2019

Engineering under protective atmospheres or in vacuum allows the production of materials and components, where the absence of oxygen is an essential requirement for a successful processing. Ideally, joining or coating of (and with) metallic materials needs oxide free material surfaces, in order to achieve durable joints or coatings. Using the established technology of brazing in controlled atmosphere, fundamental physical mechanisms for deoxidation of metal surfaces are presented and the role of oxygen and water residue in the process atmosphere is analyzed. Furthermore, the doping of gases with monosilane for generating virtually oxygen-free process atmospheres is introduced and its advantages for an oxygen-free production are discussed.
The multi-vehicle stochastic-dynamic inventory routing problem for bike sharing systems
Authors: Brinkmann Jan , Ulmer Marlin W. , Mattfeld Dirk C.
Published: June 2019

We address the operational management of station-based bike sharing systems (BSSs). In BSSs, users can spontaneously rent and return bikes at any stations in the system. Demand is driven by commuter, shopping, and leisure activities. This demand constitutes a regular pattern of bike usage over the course of the day but also shows a significant short-term uncertainty. Due to the heterogeneity and the uncertainty in demand, stations may run out of bikes or congest during the day. At empty stations, no rental demand can be served. At full stations, no return demand can be served. To avoid unsatisfied demand, providers dynamically relocate bikes between stations in reaction of current shortages or congestion, but also in anticipation of potential future demand. For this real-time decision problem, we present a method that anticipates potential future demands based on historical observations and that coordinates the fleet of vehicles accordingly. We apply our method for two case studies based on real-world data of the BSSs in Minneapolis and San Francisco. We show that our policy outperforms benchmark policies from the literature. Moreover, we analyze how the interplay between anticipation and coordination is essential for the successful operational management of BSSs. Finally, we reveal that the value of coordination and anticipation based on the demand-structure of the BSS under consideration.
Applying a Causal Ambush Marketing Framework to Social Media: The ‘Pleasure is Diverse’ Campaign and the Australian Marriage Amendment
Authors: Small Felicity , Mehmet Michael , Miles Morgan P.
Published: June 2019

The present study applies Pope and Wæraas’ (2016) CSR-washing conceptual framework in a social media context using the recent case involving Streets ‘Pleasure is Diverse’ campaign and the Australian marriage amendment. Sentiment analysis examined the posts to Unilever's Magnum ice-cream campaign. We applied the framework's five conditions, and the findings indicated support for the operationalisation of Pope and Wæraas’ (2016) washing framework. The findings suggest that consumer sentiments in this case of causal ambush marketing had four general themes: (1) Supportive Advocates; (2) Anti-Advocates; (3) Moral Detractors; (4) Sceptics.
Computational comparison of conventional and novel electroconvulsive therapy electrode placements for the treatment of depression
Authors: Bai Siwei , Martin Donel , Guo Tianruo , Dokos Socrates , Loo Colleen
Published: June 2019

Background:

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective treatment for severe psychiatric disorders. Despite its high efficacy, the use of ECT would be greater if the risk of cognitive side effects were reduced. Over the last 20 years, developments in ECT technique, including improvements in the dosing methodology and modification of the stimulus waveform, have allowed for improved treatment methods with reduced adverse cognitive effects. There is increasing evidence that the electrode placement is important for orienting the electrical stimulus and therefore modifying treatment outcomes, with potential for further improvement of the placements currently used in ECT.

Objective:

We used computational modelling to perform an in-depth examination into regional differences in brain excitation by the ECT stimulus for several lesser known and novel electrode placements, in order to investigate the potential for an electrode placement that may optimise clinical outcomes.

Methods:

High resolution finite element human head models were generated from MRI scans of three subjects. The models were used to compare regional differences in average electric field (EF) magnitude among a total of thirteen bipolar ECT electrode placements, i.e. three conventional placements as well as ten lesser known and novel placements.

Results and conclusion:

In this exploratory study on a systemic comparison of thirteen ECT electrode placements, the EF magnitude at regions of interest (ROIs) was highly dependent upon the position of both electrodes, especially the ROIs close to the cortical surface. Compared to conventional right-unilateral (RUL) ECT using a temporo-parietal placement, fronto-parietal and supraorbito-parietal RUL also robustly stimulated brain regions considered important for efficacy, while sparing regions related to cognitive functions, and may be a preferrable approach to the currently used placement for RUL ECT. The simulations also found that regional average EF magnitude varied between individual subjects, due to factors such as head size, and results also depended on the size of the defined ROI.
A new perspective for advanced positron emission tomography–based molecular imaging in neurodegenerative proteinopathies
Authors: Perani Daniela , Iaccarino Leonardo , Lammertsma Adriaan A. , Windhorst Albert D. , Edison Paul , Boellaard Ronald , Hansson Oskar , Nordberg Agneta , Jacobs Andreas H. ,   IMBI Project
Published: June 2019

Recent studies in neurodegenerative conditions have increasingly highlighted that the same neuropathology can trigger different clinical phenotypes or, vice‐versa, that similar phenotypes can be triggered by different neuropathologies. This evidence has called for the adoption of a pathology spectrum‐based approach to study neurodegenerative proteinopathies. These conditions share brain deposition of abnormal protein aggregates, leading to aberrant biochemical, metabolic, functional, and structural changes. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a well‐recognized and unique tool for the in vivo assessment of brain neuropathology, and novel PET techniques are emerging for the study of specific protein species. Today, key applications of PET range from early research and clinical diagnostic tools to their use in clinical trials for both participants screening and outcome evaluation. This position article critically reviews the role of distinct PET molecular tracers for different neurodegenerative proteinopathies, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities, with special emphasis on methodological challenges and future applications.
An airframe/inlet integrated full-waverider vehicle design using as upgraded aerodynamic method
Authors: Ding F. , Liu J. , Huang W. , Peng C. , Chen S.
Published: June 2019

With the aims of overcoming the limitations of the existing basic flow model derived from an axisymmetric generating body and extending the aerodynamic design method of the airframe/inlet integrated waverider vehicle, this study develops an upgraded basic flow model derived from an axisymmetric shock wave. It then upgrades the design method for airframe/inlet integration of an air-breathing hypersonic waverider vehicle, which is termed the ‘full-waverider vehicle’ in this study. In this paper, first, the design principle and method for the upgraded full-waverider vehicle derived from an axisymmetric basic shock wave are described in detail. Second, an upgraded basic flow model that accounts for both internal and external flows is derived from an axisymmetric basic shock wave by use of both the streamline tracing method and the method of characteristics (MOC). Third, the upgraded full-waverider vehicle is developed from the upgraded basic flow model by the streamline tracing method. Fourth, the design theories and methodologies of both the upgraded basic flow model and the upgraded full-waverider vehicle are validated by a numerical computation method. Finally, the aerodynamic performances and viscous effects of both the upgraded basic flow model and the upgraded full-waverider vehicle are analysed by numerical computation. The obtained results show that the upgraded basic flow model and aerodynamic design method are effective for the design of the airframe/inlet integration of an air-breathing hypersonic waverider vehicle.
Reality checks for career women: An interpretevist paradigm
Authors: Anthony Mary , Soontiens Werner
Published: June 2019

This paper reflects on the latent organisational process that leads tothe scarcity of women in senior positions. Utilising characteristics of legitimisation, institutionalisation and self-determination theories the paper observes how women manage upward mobility. Subsequently, it was important to investigate the mid-level cohorts, as there lies the critical question triggering the anomaly. Focusing on the public sector with an interest in gendered organisations, the study examines law enforcement. Conversely, the aim of this paper is to focus on why there is a continued dearth in the number of policewomen at top level positions in USA and Australia. A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach is applied. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with 40 policewomen in mid-management positions in American and Australian law enforcement. It further aims to explore the linkages of the ongoing paucity of gendered leadership in organisations, questioning how these will influence women's ability to advance to higher-level positions.
Stuart Hall's Discursive Turn
Authors: GARCIA JAY
Published: June 2019

Recalling his work as cofounder and contributor toUniversities and Left Review, or the ULR group, in the lead-up to the founding of cultural studies during the 1950s, Stuart Hall noted that much of that work had to do with the United States. “In geopolitical terms we were of course neutralists, hostile to the politics emanating from the State Department in Washington,” Hall wrote, “but culturally we were nonetheless attracted by the vitality of American popular life, indeed to the domain of mass culture itself.” If the ULR group and similar collectives shared an “anxiety about the stupendous power of the booming consumer capitalism of post-war America,” they were also united by an appreciation for the ways the “vitality and raucousness of American culture certainly loosened England's tight-lipped, hierarchical class cultures and carried inside it possibilities – or the collective dream? – for a better future, which we felt was a serious political loss to deny.” Not unrelatedly, by the 1960s and 1970s, cultural studies and certain quarters of American intellectual life were proceeding along comparable tracks. Many American scholars and at least some working in cultural studies moved toward social history that emphasized the “hidden experiences of subordinated groups and classes.” Undertaken in concert with the new social movements of the 1960s and 1970s, this version of social history would ramify widely, furnishing the very questions and analytic habits of many fields, not least American studies.
“The Grace of God” as evidence for a written Uthmanic archetype: the importance of shared orthographic idiosyncrasies
Authors: van Putten Marijn
Published: June 2019

This paper takes a novel approach to the question of when and how the text of the Quran was codified into its present form, usually referred to as the Uthmanic text type. In the Quran the phrase niʿmat allāh/rabbi-ka “the grace of god/your lord” can spell niʿmat “grace” either with tāʾ or tāʾ marbūṭah. By examining 14 early Quranic manuscripts, it is shown that this phrase is consistently spelled using only one of the two spellings in the same position in all of these different manuscripts. It is argued that such consistency can only be explained by assuming that all these manuscripts come from a single written archetype, meaning there must have been a codification project sometime in the first century. The results also imply that these manuscripts, and by extension, Quran manuscripts in general, were copied from written exemplars since the earliest days.
Performance Bounds for VDES R-mode
Authors: Šafář Jan , Grant Alan , Williams Paul , Ward Nick
Published: June 2019

The Very High Frequency (VHF) Data Exchange System (VDES) is a new radio communication system being developed by the international maritime community, with the principal objectives to safeguard existing Automatic Identification System (AIS) core functions and enhance maritime communication applications, based on robust, efficient and secure data transmission with wider bandwidth than the AIS. VDES is also being considered as a potential component of the R-mode concept, where the same signals used for communication are also used for ranging, thus mitigating the impact of disruptions to satellite positioning services. This paper establishes statistical performance bounds on the ranging precision of VDES R-mode, assuming an additive white Gaussian noise propagation channel. Modified Cramér-Rao bounds on the pseudorange estimation error are provided for all waveforms currently proposed for use in terrestrial VDES communications. These are then used to estimate the maximum usable ranges for AIS/VDES R-mode stations. The results show that, under the assumed channel conditions, all of the new VDES waveforms provide better ranging performance than the AIS waveform, with the best performance being achieved using the 100 kHz bandwidth terrestrial VDE waveforms.
Evaluation of seminal vesicle volume variability in patients receiving radiotherapy to the prostate
Authors: Bairstow Rhianna , Cain Michelle , Reynolds Phil , Bridge Pete
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

Prostate positional variability has been widely explored with seminal vesicle (SV) variability, coming into the forefront only in recent years. While planning target volume (PTV) margins and preparation protocols ameliorate the effects of bladder and rectum volume changes on prostate, studies on SV variation have looked at only position, not volume variability.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the inter-fraction volume variability of the VSs can exist in patients receiving radiotherapy to the prostate.

Method:

SV variability was investigated by comparing four on-treatment cone beam computer tomography scans to a planning computer tomography (CT) image for two patients receiving prostate radiotherapy. For each case, variation in volumes (cm3) was compared with intra-observer variation.

Results:

SV volume variability was seen in both patients, with the largest change in volume being 78·38%. This variance was considerably (between 2 and 10 times) larger than the measured intra-observer variance.

Conclusion:

This study identified the potential for daily SV volume variability in patients receiving prostate radiotherapy. Future large-scale studies are warranted to identify the extent of this motion and potential clinical impact. Evidence-informed PTV margins and possible SV volume control protocols may need to be adopted.
Early life adversity increases the salience of later life stress: an investigation of interactive effects in the PSID
Authors: Saxton Katherine , Chyu Laura
Published: June 2019

A large body of evidence has shown that stress throughout life is associated with health trajectories, but the combination of adverse experiences at different stages of the life course is not yet well understood. This study examines the interactions between childhood adversity, adulthood adversity, and adult physical and mental health. Using data from The Childhood Retrospective Circumstances Study (CRCS) supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we created indices of early life adversity (EAI) and adult adversity (AAI). We used logistic regression to examine the effects of EAI and AAI, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, health behaviors, and childhood health as covariates in all models. We repeated this analysis for the outcomes of fair/poor health, two or more chronic conditions, and psychological distress in adulthood. For all the three outcomes, our findings suggest increasing salience of adult adversity among those who experienced higher levels of early adversity. Individuals with high EAI and high AAI exhibited the highest odds of fair/poor health (OR = 5.71), chronic conditions (OR = 3.06), and psychological distress (OR = 13.08) compared to those with low EAI and low AAI. These findings are consistent with the accumulation of risk or dual risk model of stress and health. Adversity in childhood amplifies the health risks associated with stress in adulthood for multiple health outcomes.
Weed management practices in Argentina crops
Authors: Scursoni Julio Alejandro , Vera Alejandra Carolina Duarte , Oreja Fernando Hugo , Kruk Betina Claudia , de la Fuente Elba Beatriz
Published: June 2019

Data from surveys are used to help quantitatively diagnose the relative importance of chemical and nonchemical management practices, identify weed problems, and provide potential solutions. However, to our knowledge, such surveys have not been conducted in Argentina. In 2016, advisors and crop producers from cropping areas across Argentina were surveyed through email with the objectives to identify the main weed species problems and assess the use of chemical and nonchemical weed management practices in different crop production areas in Argentina. Fleabane, pigweed, johnsongrass, fingergrass, goosegrass, barnyardgrass, and ryegrass were considered the most important weeds. More than 53% of the producers used only chemical options; 86% used chemical fallow (i.e., keeping weed free with chemical application); 62% used full herbicide rates; 46% used proper herbicide timing; 41% used multiple modes of action; and 32% used rotation of herbicide modes of action. The main nonchemical practices used were crop rotation (45%); avoiding seed production during (31%) and after (25%) the crop cycle; narrow row spacing (19%); and cultivars with greater competitive ability (18%). Less than 15% of the people surveyed used increased crop densities or altered date of sowing. There is a high dependence on chemical control in the main crops grown in Argentina. Extension efforts are needed to emphasize the importance of integrated weed management.
Ressourcen und Ressourcenaktivierung
Authors: Petermann Franz , Brähler Elmar
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung. Die Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen über die Lebensspanne bildet die Grundlage der menschlichen Entwicklung. Vor allem soziale Ressourcen und Kompetenzen sollten im gesellschaftlichen Rahmen aktiviert werden; psychische Ressourcen können im therapeutischen Prozess erschlossen und gefördert werden. Obwohl seit einigen Jahrzehnten eine ressourcenorientierte Sichtweise diskutiert wird, sind die praktischen Implikationen (z. B. im Rahmen von therapeutischen Vorgehensweisen) nicht umfassend erarbeitet worden. Eine entwicklungsorientierte Betrachtungsweise des Konzepts „Ressource“ setzt sich erst langsam in der klinischen Praxis durch.
Dynamics, EPMA Th‐U‐Total Pb Monazite Geochronology and Tectonic Implications of Deformational Fabric in the Lower‐Middle Crustal Rocks: A Case Study of Ambaji Granulite, NW India
Authors: Tiwari Sudheer Kumar , Biswal Tapas Kumar
Published: June 2019

Strain fabric and monazite microstructure were studied and dated by Electron Probe Microanalyser (EPMA) in situ Th‐U‐total Pb monazite geochronology in the Ambaji granulite, South Delhi terrane, NW India. The Ambaji granulite comprises pelitic, calcareous, and mafic granulites with several phases of granite intrusions, G0‐3. The granulites were deformed by three phases of folding, F1–3, during South De lhi orogeny and marked by a subhorizontal pervasive fabric, S1, axial planar to isoclinal‐recumbent F1 folds that developed during granulite facies metamorphism. S1 is overprinted by discrete sets of subvertical shear zones associated with a mylonitic fabric, S2, that were developed axial planar to NE‐SW striking upright F2 folds and facilitated exhumation of granulite facies rocks to the upper crust. The shear zones show early history of high‐temperature thrust sense shear and late stage low‐temperature sinistral shear. The NW‐SE striking F3 folds also affected the granulite facies rocks resulting in interference patterns and variations in regional structural trends. Brittle strike slip, and normal fault (Sf fabric) that developed post F3, led the final exhumation of the granulite facies rocks to the surface. The S1 monazites are Y‐depleted and recrystallized through dislocation creep, and the S2‐Sf monazites are Y‐enriched and recrystallized through dissolution‐precipitation creep. Different monazite population yielded distinct ages of circa 875‐857, 834‐778, and 764‐650 Ma for S1, S2, and Sf strain, respectively, indicating that the South Delhi orogeny spanned 875‐650 Ma overlapping with the early phase of the Pan‐African orogeny or representing a transition between Grenvillian and Pan‐African orogeny.
Overlooked Genetic Diversity of Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea Lineages in the Global Oceans
Authors: Cheung Shunyan , Mak Wingkwan , Xia Xiaomin , Lu Yanhong , Cheung Yanyin , Liu Hongbin
Published: June 2019

In this study, we used miTAG approach to analyze the distributional pattern and fine‐scale genetic diversity of the ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) lineages in the global oceans with the metagenomics data sets of the Tara Oceans global expedition (2009–2013). Using the ammonium monooxygenase alpha subunit gene as a biomarker, the AOA communities in the global oceans were recovered with highly diverse operational taxonomic units that affiliated to previously defined clades, including water column A (WCA), water column B (WCB), and SCM1‐like clades. In general, the AOA communities were obviously segregated with depth (except the upwelling regions), and the communities in the euphotic zones were more heterogeneous than in the mesopelagic zones (MPZs). The WCA distributed more evenly and widely in the euphotic zone and MPZs, while WCB and SCM1‐like clade mainly distributed in MPZ and high‐latitude waters, respectively. At fine‐scale genetic diversity, SCM1‐like and 2 WCA subclades showed distinctive niche separations of distributional pattern. We further divided the AOA subclades into ecological significant taxonomic units (ESTUs), which were delineated from the distribution pattern of their corresponding subclades. For example, ESTUs of WCA have different correlations with depth, nitrate to silicate ratio, and salinity; SCM1‐like A was negatively correlated with irradiation, whereas other SCM1‐like ESTUs preferred low‐temperature and high‐nutrient conditions. Our result showed that the previously defined AOA clades and ecotypes consist of highly diverse sublineages, whose diversity might be overlooked in the past. The distribution patterns of different ESTUs imply their ecophysiological characteristics and potential roles in biogeochemical cycling.
Simulation and Observations of the Polar Tongue of Ionization at Different Heights During the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storms
Authors: Klimenko Maxim V. , Zakharenkova Irina E. , Klimenko Vladimir V. , Lukianova Renata Yu. , Cherniak Iurii V.
Published: June 2019

We present the observational and modeling study focused on the major factors determining the spatiotemporal structure of the high‐latitude ionospheric plasma density enhancement—the tongue of ionization (TOI) structure—during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm. We use the Global Self‐consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Protonosphere (GSM TIP) to reproduce the plasma density distribution, and the results are compared with the observational data as deduced from the ground‐based global positioning system total electron content and in situ plasma probe measurements at different altitudes. Both the simulation and observation results show that a large‐scale TOI‐like structure of enhanced plasma density extends from the dayside midlatitude region toward the central polar cap along the antisunward cross‐polar convection flow. We reveal an important role of the clockwise convection cell rotation for the modification of TOI structure. According to model results during the storm main phase, the neutral thermospheric composition, particularly the “tongue” in n(N2), modifies the spatial structure of TOI in such a way that (1) the near‐pole region of enhanced plasma density is shifted to the duskside and, (2) at F region heights, the TOI is split into the dusk and dawn branches. The signature of TOI in the topside ionosphere considerably differs from that in the F region because of a lesser influence of the neutral composition changes at higher altitudes. Model results revealed that at plasmaspheric heights, the TOI structure appears in both the dawn and dusk convection cells.
Disentangling the Effects of Temperature, Moisture, and Substrate Availability on Soil CO2 Efflux
Authors: Mitra Bhaskar , Miao Guofang , Minick Kevan , McNulty Steve G. , Sun Ge , Gavazzi Michael , King John S. , Noormets Asko
Published: June 2019

Soil respiration (Rs), the largest carbon emission flux in ecosystems, is usually modeled as an empirically parameterized function of temperature, and sometimes water availability. The likely contribution by other factors, such as carbohydrate substrate supply from photosynthesis, has been recognized, but modeling capacity to use this information is limited. Wavelet transformations of the residuals of a seasonal Q10 temperature response model indicated structure at different temporal scales. We hypothesize that this indicates the lack of explicit representation of relevant processes in the models. Using cross‐spectral analysis, we found that time series of photosynthetically active radiation explained most of the diurnal variation, temperature, explained variability at multiple time scales (diurnal‐synoptic), whereas volumetric soil water content correlated with variability in Rs at scales 15‐30 days. The results suggest that the time domains of influence for different driving variables of Rs are discrete, and largely nonoverlapping, and represent functional relationships between soil biological activity and its constraints. Analysis of phase angles showed that Rs lagged photosynthetically active radiation by 1.5‐3.0 hr. As this time lag was the same in both young and mature trees, with more than fivefold difference in transport distances, we hypothesize that this finding adds to the body of literature that support the pressure‐concentration‐wave model of carbohydrate availability in plants.
Author Correction: TRPV4-induced inflammatory response is involved in neuronal death in pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy in mice
Authors: Wang Zhouqing , Zhou Li , An Dong , Xu Weixing , Wu Chunfeng , Sha Sha , Li Yingchun , Zhu Yichao , Chen Aidong , Du Yimei , Chen Lei , Chen Ling
Published: June 2019

The article contains an error in Fig. 3. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article, and the correct version of Fig. 3 is shown in the accompanying Author Correction.