bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The analysis of the destabilizing motion of a hyperbolic cooling tower during demolition blasting
Authors: Jia Haipeng , Song Qianqian
Published: October 2023

The destabilizing motion characteristics of the hyperbolic cooling tower in demolition blasting are thoroughly investigated through the establishment of a numerical simulation calculation model, leading to the following conclusions regarding its destabilizing motion. The tensile-compression elastic-plastic model, which possesses the characteristics of parameter modification function and independence from unit size, can more effectively capture the mechanical properties of concrete materials and find better application in the simulation and calculation research of reinforced concrete structures. The self-oscillation frequency check and collapse morphological analysis are employed to validate the accuracy of the simulation calculation model for hyperbolic cooling towers, as well as to assess the rationality of parameters in the tensile-compression elastic-plastic model. The collapse of a cooling tower induces flexural deformation in the lateral wall, tensile disturbance in the upper and middle sections of the cylinder, and compressive disturbance in the vertical cross-section. The cylinder body has incurred damage as a result of the tower wall’s front end striking the ground at the directional window position on the front side of the throat, leading to a significant extrusion deformation issue. The buckling deformation in the central and lower sections of the rear wall propagated towards the back side of the tower wall upon reaching the ground, ultimately resulting in an “inverted V-shaped” damage along the buckling deformation line. The research findings hold significant relevance for future endeavors.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUES ON GLENOHUMERAL INTERNAL ROTATION DEFICIT IN OVERHEAD ATHLETES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: ŞAHİNER PIÇAK Gonca , YESILYAPRAK Sevgi Sevi
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Posterior shoulder tightness (PST) and Glenohumeral Internal Rotation Deficit (GIRD) are frequent biomechanical changes in overhead athletes. Evidence has shown that PST and the presence of GIRD increase subacromial pain syndrome. Posterior shoulder stretching exercises are used to improve posterior shoulder tightness. Muscle Energy Techniques (MET) are a long-established and effective approach, and the number of studies investigating the effects of MET on GIRD has been increasing in recent years. Despite the use of static stretching techniques in training, GIRD continues to be common in athletes performing overhead activities. Therefore, revealing the effects of MET on GIRD might be effective in determining the type of stretching most appropriate for preventing GIRD in athletes.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature review, assessing the relevance of studies for inclusion and selecting the studies from appropriate electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Review, Pubmed (MEDLINE), Web of Science as well as Google Scholar©).

Results: The present systematic literature search generated 178 relevant citations and 8 articles were included in the final review. As an outcome measure, GIRD was assessed in all eight, whereas PST was assessed in four.

Conclusion: According to this systematic literature review, MET is effective in the improvement of GIRD and PST in overhead athletes. Future research should focus on symptomatic shoulders and investigate the long-term benefits of MET.
Formación Inicial Docente (FID) y educación intercultural: cómo prevenir la violencia hacia la niñez migrante
Authors: Pavez-Soto Iskra , Poblete-Melis Rolando , Poblete-Godoy Daniela , Alfaro-Contreras Carmen , Domaica Anastassia
Published: October 2023

A propósito del aumento de la matrícula de niñas y niños de origen extranjero en el sistema educativo chileno, es objetivo de este artículo analizar la relación entre las necesidades de formación docente en el ámbito de la interculturalidad y la violencia hacia la niñez migrante con miras hacia una educación antirracista. Se presentan resultados de un estudio realizado en dos regiones del país: Metropolitana y Valparaíso. A través de una metodología cualitativa, se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes y profesionales que atienden a población escolar migrante. Se concluye que existen discursos que reconocen las problemáticas de racismo y discriminación que sufre esta población, así como otros relatos que lo niegan o minimizan jerarquizando las nacionalidades del estudiantado migrante. También se constata una imperiosa necesidad de Formación Inicial Docente que se desprenda de una política pública promotora de un currículo actualizado en el que la diversidad cultural sea un valor, a la vez que la categoría de infancia se reconozca como un eje de desigualdad prioritario y la acogida sea vista como un punto de partida. En el actual escenario, surgen variados conflictos de convivencia que requieren ser gestionados desde paradigmas amigables con la infancia migrante y metodologías que reconozcan sus derechos y permitan garantizar una verdadera inclusión en nuestro país.
Antimicrobial Drug Discovery Approaches, Challenges, and Development
Authors: Sivaranjani Murugesan , White Aaron P.
Published: October 2023

The need for the identification of novel antimicrobial agents is greater than
ever due to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) among clinically important
pathogens which pose serious threats to public health worldwide. Unfortunately, the
pace of discovery and development of new antimicrobial agents to treat MDR infection
has significantly slowed down. Identifying new targets and chemical classes is not
easy, and reinvestigating old strategies by testing new compounds on known targets
and expecting novel outcomes, seems not only a failure but a border on insanity. The
development of new antimicrobial agents, chiefly those with novel mechanism(s) of
action, remains essential, but this alone does not guarantee success. It is important to
explore diverse information from multiple strategies, including multi-omics,
bioinformatics, system biology and other non-conventional approaches. In this chapter,
we give a brief background on the importance of antimicrobial drug discovery, detail
several discovery platforms from target-based discovery to the current innovative
strategy being evaluated, and list the challenges alongside each platform.
Marine Cyanobacteria: Sustainable Resource for Vibrant Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Santhakumari Sivasubramanian , Poonguzhali Pandurangan , Arulkumar Abimannan , Shetty Prathapkumar Halady , Dyavaiah Madhu
Published: October 2023

Marine cyanobacteria are oxygenic, gram-negative nitrogen-fixing
photosynthetic prokaryotes in different environments. It is a universal organism present
in aquatic and terrestrial and also extensively scattered in extreme habitats such as hot
springs, deserts and glacial environments. Growing concerns over disease outbreaks
and other environmental concerns require alternative ways that are economically
viable, sustainable, as well as feasible. Recently, cyanobacteria have achieved much
consideration because of their potential relevance in various fields, including
aquaculture, wastewater treatment, food, fodder, and the production of secondary
metabolites, including polysaccharides, vitamins, toxins, enzymes and pharmaceuticals;
they also secrete important novel bioactive antimicrobials including antibacterial,
antifungal and anti-viral compounds. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance among
pathogenic microbes against common antibiotics imposed the search for new
antimicrobial agents from natural sources. Various features of cyanobacteria, including
their ability to produce novel antimicrobials, make them suitable candidates for their
exploitation as a natural source. Hence, this chapter presents an overview of marine
cyanobacterial features, antimicrobials isolated from marine cyanobacteria, as well as
the mode of action. Among the known cyanobacterial bioactive compounds, many are
pharmacologically important and hold immense potential for drug development at the
clinical level
Bioactive Polysaccharides with Antimicrobial Proficiency from Marine Environment
Authors: Priya Arumugam , Prasath Nagaiah Hari , Pandian Shunmugiah Karutha
Published: October 2023

Marine environment upholds vast biodiversity, which also acts as a treasurer
of a huge variety of bioactive molecules. Bioactive components of marine origin range
from peptides, lipids, fatty acids, proteins, minerals, phenolic compounds, vitamins,
terpenoids, polyketides, polysaccharides etc. Marine-derived peptides have been
explored to a larger extent for their biological applications. In recent years,
polysaccharides, one of the essential macromolecules in all forms of living, have been
gaining attention for their relevance in biological applications. Among the
polysaccharides derived from various living forms, marine-derived polysaccharides are
effective in terms of their biological activities owing to their structural diversity,
composition, availability etc. Marine polysaccharides exhibit a broad spectrum of
biological and pharmacological activities ranging from anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anticancerous, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory activities.
Additionally, these bioactive polysaccharides also exert antimicrobial activities against
a broad range of clinically important pathogenic organisms. Due to their excellent
antimicrobial activities, marine polysaccharides, their sulfated derivatives and
polysaccharide-based nanoparticles are gaining attention in biomedical applications
such as wound dressing, drug delivery, tissue engineering etc.
Recent Update on the Patents of Antimicrobial Marine Natural Products
Authors: Padmavathi Alwar Ramanujam , Bakkiyaraj Dhamodharan , Narayanan Gokul Sathya
Published: October 2023

Marine environment has long been shown as the source of diverse organisms
and niche for numerous bioactive agents. Marine natural products are of recent interest
attributing to their novelty and abundant potential in the field of medicine as well as
others. In spite of this recent attention, the marine environment still exists as an under-explored and untapped resource for bioactive agents, highlighting the presence of
plentiful opportunities. Bioactive molecules of marine origin have been frequently
reported from the microorganisms associated with marine sediments, seawater, coral
and its mucus; higher-order marine organisms, mangroves, sponges, seaweeds and sea
grasses, etc. Last decade has shown copious publications reporting the bioactive
potentials of marine natural products such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic,
anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-infective properties. Recent studies
have also opened an avenue in marine natural product research where the discovered
natural products are chemically modified to attain increased bioactivity. Such modified
or altered marine natural products were of great demand in pharmaceutical, food,
cosmetic and chemical industries, and hence protected by product and process patents.
This chapter summarizes the intellectual property rights in the form of patents
protecting marine natural products with antimicrobial potentials, including
antibacterial, antifungal and antibiofilm activities. This chapter also highlights the
patents and applications of modified or semi-synthetic agents related to marine natural
sources with antimicrobial properties.
Positive and Negative Outcomes of Sexting
Authors: Englander Elizabeth , Sanders Cheryl E. , Parti Katalin
Published: October 2023

Historically, the concept of “sexting” (the sending of nude pictures or videos
between teenage youth) has been associated with extremely negative outcomes,
including legal vulnerabilities, lost future opportunities, and depression and suicide.
These negative outcomes have been widely promoted in the news media and in
research on the phenomena. Yet despite diligent efforts by adults to warn youth of
these negative outcomes, sexting persists and may even be more common than was first
thought. Almost a decade ago, the first research began to emerge that suggested that
these risks may be less common than first thought. More recent research has filled out
our knowledge about sexting by outlining positive outcomes of sexting that may help
explain why underage youth persist in these behaviors despite draconian warnings.
This paper outlines some of these positive outcomes, such as improved feelings of self-confidence and attractiveness; strengthening of existing relationships; and the view that
sexting is a safe way to explore emerging sexuality. Given this mix of both potential
positive and negative feelings about sexting, I propose here that sexting education
should follow the best practices long established for sex education, namely, ensuring
that youth understand risks, consider relationships and feelings, and do not engage in
sexting because of pressure or coercion.
Medical and Social Outcomes in the Management of Cardiac Diseases in Children
Authors: Chinawa Josephat M. , Ujunwa Fortune A.
Published: October 2023

Children with cardiovascular diseases, especially congenital heart diseases
are exposed to socioeconomic burdens ranging from poverty, economic difficulties,
and emotional breakdown to parental schism.
There are various ways by which cardiac diseases affect children. These include the
effect of the disease on the child, the family and the nation as a whole. Management of
cardiovascular diseases in children comprises diagnosis, investigations, medical and
surgical rehabilitation/ergonomics and follow-up. All these steps in management have
both medical and social implications on the child.
The effects of cardiovascular diseases are not limited to health, but can seep into social
life, as well. Affected individuals tend to forgo a lot of things, including restrictions in
their life, depression and even family structure disintegration, decrease life expectancy
and family disharmony in some cultures.
The socio-economic burden of pediatric cardiovascular diseases is quite huge both for
the individual, household and society. The impact includes loss in financial resources,
productivity, increased disability-adjusted life years, decreased quality of life,
catastrophic expenditure and premature death. These burdens are more in the low and
middle-income countries. This chapter aims at eliciting the various social and
economic burdens that children with heart diseases encounter in the course of their
illness.
Algorithmic discrimination as a form of structural discrimination: Standards of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights related to vulnerable groups and the challenges to judicial review related to structural injunctions
Authors: Clarissa Hennig Leal Mônia , Soares Crestane Dérique
Published: October 2023

In the era of the “information society”, many aspects of analogic life are migrating to the virtual space. Personal, educational, and professional relationships are becoming digital or hybrid. Although there are many conveniences in the virtual world, new dangers also arise, such as algorithmic discrimination. This occurs when the decision to grant or deny access to goods and services is made by an opaque or non-transparent algorithm. In this context, the following question arises: how can structural injunctions provide a basis for creating standards of protection in the face of legislative insufficiency and jurisdictional standards that confront algorithmic discrimination as a reproduction of structural discrimination? To this end, the hypothetical deductive approach, analytical procedure method, and bibliographic research technique were used. Thus, in the first part of this article, structural discrimination is contextualised, with special emphasis on the standards established by the Inter American Court of Human Rights. Next, the phenomenon of algorithmic discrimination and its relationship with historically observed structural discrimination in society are addressed. Finally, the possibility of using structural injunctions to provide Courts with an analysis of the phenomenon of algorithmic discrimination and formulate minimum standards to be observed by actors involved in the development of algorithms, especially those of artificial intelligence (AI), is examined. The conclusion is that structural injunctions adopted by Courts seeking to attack the roots of discrimination, especially those related to vulnerable groups, are an important tool to prevent algorithmic discrimination, as well as that the standards related to the protection of these groups established by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights should be taken as parameters for legislation and regulation of the use of AI.
Analisis Determinan Kinerja Pengguna Modul Bendahara dengan Model Delone and McLane
Authors: Hadi Miftahul , Ambarwati Ria Dewi , Sugiyanto Hari , Khuluq Anjahul
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACTThis research aims to evaluate or analyze the implementation of bendahara module of SAKTI application by analyzing the factors that influence user satisfaction as an intervening variable and user performance of bendahara module of SAKTI application. Sampling was carried out using a non-probability sampling technique (voluntary sampling) which was distributed in 11 ministries/agencies that have used the web-based bendahara module of SAKTI application. The number of samples that were successfully collected was 52 samples. Data were analyzed and processed using SmartPLS.  There were four hypotheses proposed and the result was that two of the four hypotheses were accepted and two hypotheses were rejected. The effect of information quality on user satisfaction and the effect of user satisfaction on user performance are two hypotheses that are accepted while the effect of system quality on user satisfaction and service quality on user satisfaction are two hypotheses that are rejected. Based on the results of the hypothesis, it can be concluded that in general the use of the SAKTI application treasurer module has not run according to user expectations.Keywords: Government AIS, Government Accounting, Bendahara Module, Delone and Mclane ModelABSTRAKPenelitian ini mengevaluasi atau menganalisis implementasi modul bendahara aplikasi SAKTI dengan menganalisis faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pengguna sebagai variabel intervening dan kinerja pengguna modul bendahara aplikasi SAKTI. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik non-probability sampling (voluntary sampling) yang disebar di 11 kementerian/lembaga yang telah menggunakan modul bendahara aplikasi SAKTI berbasis web. Jumlah sampel yang berhasil dihimpun sebanyak 52 sampel. Data dianalisis dan diolah dengan menggunakan SmartPLS. Terdapat empat hipotesis yang diajukan dan memperoleh hasil dua hipotesis dari empat hipotesis diterima dan dua hipotesis ditolak. Pengaruh kualitas informasi terhadap kepuasan pengguna dan pengaruh kepuasan pengguna terhadap kinerja pengguna merupakan dua hipotesis yang diterima sedangkan pengaruh kualitas sistem dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap kepuasan pengguna merupakan dua hipotesis yang ditolak. Berdasarkan hasil hipotesis dapat diambil kesimpulan secara umum penggunaan modul bendahara aplikasi SAKTI belum berjalan sesuai dengan harapan pengguna.Kata Kunci: SIA Pemerintah, Akuntansi Pemerintah, Modul Bendahara, Model Delone and McLane
Evaluation of Study Engagement With an mHealth Intervention (THR1VE) to Treat Diabetes Distress in Teens With Type 1 Diabetes: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: LeStourgeon Lauren , Bergner Erin , Datye Karishma , Streisand Randi , Jaser Sarah
Published: October 2023

Background

Positive psychology interventions demonstrate improvements in diabetes self-management and quality of life among adults with chronic health conditions, but few interventions for adolescents use this approach.

Objective

This study describes engagement with a positive psychology intervention delivered via automated SMS text messages aimed at treating diabetes distress and improving diabetes outcomes. In addition, demographic and clinical predictors of intervention engagement were examined.

Methods

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (ages 13-17 years) who reported at least moderate diabetes distress were randomized to receive either the education or positive affect + education intervention, comprising 8 weeks of automated SMS text messages. Engagement was assessed as the response to the SMS text messages. Adolescents completed satisfaction surveys 3 months post intervention, and a subset of participants from both intervention groups completed exit interviews.

Results

Adolescents in both groups reported high levels of satisfaction with the study, with 95% (163/172) reporting that they would participate again. Engagement with the SMS text messages was high; on average, adolescents in the positive affect + education group responded to 92.5% of intervention messages, and their caregivers responded to 88.5% of messages. There were no significant differences in rates of engagement related to adolescents’ sex, age, device use, or race/ethnicity.

Conclusions

A positive psychology intervention for adolescents delivered via automated SMS text messages was feasible and acceptable across genders, ages, and racial/ethnic groups, suggesting potential for wider dissemination.
Virtual Reality for Basic Life Support Training in High School Students: Thematic Analysis of Focus Group Interviews (Preprint)
Authors: Min Hyojin Jennifer , Andler Caroline , Barber Rebecca Ortiz La Banca , Chang Todd P , Abelairas-Gomez Cristian , Knowlin Laquanda T , Liu Deborah R , Fijačko Nino
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

High-quality and engaging cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training of both health care professionals and members of the public is necessary to provide timely and effective CPR to maximize survival and minimize injuries. Virtual reality (VR) is a novel method to enhance CPR engagement and training. However, a near-peer mentoring framework has not been applied in such training to date.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this pilot qualitative study was to understand the acceptability and feasibility of using VR technology to introduce basic life support (BLS) to high school students reinforced by near-peer coaching.

METHODS

Dyads of high school students underwent BLS training in CPR using a VR experience reinforced by the near-peer mentoring model. Focus group interviews were performed following the intervention. The interview sessions were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subjected to thematic analysis. VR software data were analyzed after five cycles of chest compressions between the two participants.

RESULTS

The overwhelming responses from the three dyads of high school students indicated positive acceptance of learning CPR using VR. Analysis of emerging themes revealed three main categories of barriers and facilitators: (1) motivation to learn CPR, (2) CPR learning modality, and (3) coaching CPR content. These themes supported the theoretical framework of an “intention-focused” paradigm leading to acquiring the skills needed to perform CPR and ultimately increasing the chances of a bystander performing CPR.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the potential for training a unique population to increase bystander effects using novel VR technology coupled with a near-peer mentoring method. Further research is warranted to measure the outcome of the knowledge attained and the intention to perform CPR by high school students who participate in CPR education using VR and a near-peer mentoring method.
Updated Surveillance Metrics and History of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020-2023) in Sub-Saharan Africa: Longitudinal Trend Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Lundberg Alexander L , Soetikno Alan G , Wu Scott A , Ozer Egon A , Welch Sarah B , Mason Maryann , Murphy Robert L , Hawkins Claudia , Liu Yingxuan , Moss Charles B , Havey Robert J , Achenbach Chad J , Post Lori A
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

This study updates the initial COVID-19 pandemic surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 2020 by providing 2 additional years of data for the region.

OBJECTIVE

First, we aimed to measure whether there was an expansion or contraction in the pandemic in SSA when the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an end to the public health emergency for the COVID-19 pandemic on May 5, 2023. Second, we used dynamic and genomic surveillance methods to describe the history of the pandemic in the region and situate the window of the WHO declaration within the broader history. Third, we aimed to provide historical context for the course of the pandemic in SSA.

METHODS

In addition to updates of traditional surveillance data and dynamic panel estimates from the original study by Post et al (2021), this study used data on sequenced SARS-CoV-2 variants from the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) to identify the appearance and duration of variants of concern. We used Nextclade nomenclature to collect clade designations from sequences and used Pangolin nomenclature for lineage designations of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, we conducted a 1-sided t-test to assess whether regional weekly speed was greater than an outbreak threshold of 10. We ran the test iteratively with a rolling 6-month window of data across the sample period.

RESULTS

Speed for the region remained well below the outbreak threshold before and after the WHO declaration. Acceleration and jerk were also low and stable. The 7-day persistence coefficient remained somewhat large (1.11) and statistically significant. However, both shift parameters for the weeks around the WHO declaration were negative, meaning the clustering effect of new COVID-19 cases had become recently smaller. From November 2021 onward, Omicron was the predominant variant of concern in sequenced viral samples. The rolling t-test of speed equal to 10 was insignificant for the entire sample period.

CONCLUSIONS

While COVID-19 continues to circulate in SSA, the region never reached outbreak status, and the weekly transmission rate remained below 1 case per 100,000 population for well over 1 year ahead of the WHO declaration. COVID-19 is endemic in the region and no longer reaches the threshold for its classification as a pandemic. Both standard and enhanced surveillance metrics confirm that the pandemic ended in SSA by the time the WHO made its declaration.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of Open Financing Models for Small and Medium-Sized Internet Education Enterprises
Authors: Chen Qianqian
Published: October 2023

The open financing models combine traditional financing and network financing, which plays an important role in alleviating the financing constraints of small and medium-sized education enterprises and is conducive to promoting the growth of small and medium-sized education enterprises. Based on the systematic review of evolutionary game theory, the characteristics of evolutionary game theory and its differences with game theory, this paper first constructs the game process analysis of the open financing mode of small and medium-sized Internet education enterprises, and proposes the stabilization strategies of the participants through the model analysis. On this basis, the financing model is improved by introducing the constraints of individuals, loan companies, government and intermediaries, and the open financing game process is theoretically analyzed and mathematically derived. The conclusions of the study provide an important reference for promoting the open financing model of small and medium-sized Internet education enterprises.
Using AI and the Fuzzy Delphi Method for Dispatching Executives to Overseas Banks
Authors: Hsieh Song-Yi , Ling Hsiao-Chi , Chao Chiao , Wang Ruei-Yuan
Published: October 2023

With the openness of Taiwan’s government's financial policy, the banks here are becoming more liberalized and internationalized. Taiwan is becoming a competitive financial market since more new commercial banks have been set up in Taiwan. So, it is important for a bank to dispatch good executives to overseas branches. In this paper, we analyze what kinds of characteristics and traits a bank's manager in an overseas branch should have by using the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM). The purposes of the research are: Firstly, to analyze what kinds of characteristics and traits a bank's manager in an overseas branch should have. Secondly, to compare the differences between managers in overseas branches in Japan and Hong Kong by using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Thirdly, establish the dispatch criteria with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and FDM methods. Through the examination of FDM, a fuzzy referent model framework for the bank’s dispatch in the overseas branch is built. It is anticipated that the fuzzy framework will provide a more objective means for the dispatch of appropriate personnel for overseas branches.
Postmodernist Literary Movement: A Comprehensive Study of Technique in Vonnegut’s Novels
Authors: Shafi Uzma
Published: October 2023

Kurt Vonnegut is an integral part of the postmodernist literary movement and a master of satire, gallows humor, and science fiction. The uniqueness of Vonnegut's works is that in addition to having excellent themes, the novels are also technically accomplished and colorful. Vonnegut refuses to confine himself to a single form of fiction, which is something that is certainly clear from a review of his books. In reality, modal diversity is demonstrated in each of his works. Vonnegut, a man of profound vision, tries to experiment with brilliant techniques in his novels, including science fiction, comic science fiction, black humor, dark humor, morbid humor, gallows humor, meta-fiction, satire, political satire, postmodernism, dark comedy, war novels, absurdist fiction, modes of absurdity, and semi-autobiographical writing. In his works, he deftly weaves these strategies around his theme. He draws attention to the numerous social defects, the atrocities of war, and the sorrows of modern man. He imagines a society free of societal ills, where people are not enslaved by technology. This essay aims to analyze the literary devices used by Vonnegut in his works.
Properties and formation by elimination method of Didehydroamino acids derivatives
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Krishnagar Women’s College, Krishnagar, Nadia-741101, West Bengal, India, Biswas Titas , Madhu Nithar Ranjan ,   Department of Zoology, Acharya Prafulla Chandra College, New Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
Published: October 2023

The lack of two hydrogen atoms from an α-amino acid is known as the didehydroamino acid. They are found in nature, generally as secondary metabolites of bacteria and fungi or other lower organisms. Didehydroamino acids are pharmaceutically and medicinally important due to their biological activity. There are several methods for the preparation of didehydroamino acids in the laboratory. One of them is the elimination approach. The removal of HCl from α-amino acid derivatives by N-chlorination is useful for preparing didehydroamino acid derivatives. Elimination of water from β-hydroxy-amides is also a good method for preparing simple dehydroamino acid derivatives. A range of dehydrating agents have been utilized for this purpose. The mesylation and dehydration methodology is one of them. Depending on the amino acid structure, the elimination of O-oxalyl chloride unit formed from the amino acid and oxalyl chloride gives the corresponding didehydroamino acid. Martin's sulfurane [diphenyl bis-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-phenyl-2-prppyl) sulfurane] can also be used to dehydrate a variety of β-hydroxy-α-amino acid derivatives. The production of β-dehydroamino acids from protected β-hydroxy-α-amino acids using diethyl amino sulphur trifluoride (DAST) in pyridine is an efficient process. The nitration and elimination method is a complementary method for preparing didehydroamino acid. The Hofmann type degradation and elimination method are rarely used to synthesize didehydroamino acid. This mini-review aims to synthesize didehydroamino acid by various elimination methods. Keywords: α-Amino acid derivatives, elimination, didehydroamino acid.
The role of 3D modeling in pancreas surgery: a review
Authors: Kudashkina A. S. , Kamyshanskaya I. G. , Cheremisin V. M. , Pavelets K. V. , Rusanov D. S. , Kalyuzhnyy S. A.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: Surgical interventions on the pancreas are technically complex and are accompanied by a fairly large number of complications, which is largely due to the variant anatomy of the pancreas.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the possibilities of 3D modeling in the surgical treatment of pancreatic diseases according to the literature.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature searched in Russian and English for the period from 2017 to 2022 in Medline/PubMed, RSCI/Elibrary, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar databases. The search was conducted on the keywords: pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic resection, computed tomography, 3-D modeling, 3-D reconstruction, surgical planning, surgical intervention, pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, pancreas cancer, pancreatectomy, computed tomography, 3-D modeling, 3D reconstruction, surgical planning.

RESULTS: 49 publications on various aspects of the use of 3D modeling in pancreatic surgery were included in the final analysis. The diagnostic value of building three-dimensional models in assessing the resectability of pancreatic tumors, identifying individual topographic and anatomical features of the pancreatobiliary zone, which should be taken into account during surgery to avoid intra- and postoperative complications, is shown. Examples of a description based on 3D modeling of rare vascular anomalies and cysts that are not visualized according to standard computed tomography in patients who are scheduled for pancreatic surgery are presented. The importance of postoperative 3D modeling of the pancreas for assessing the adequacy of the surgical intervention and early detection of possible complications of the operation is indicated.

CONCLUSION: 3D modeling is an innovative and promising diagnostic method that allows increasing the information content of standard computed tomography in pancreatic surgery. 3D models make it possible to select patients for pancreatic resection and substantiate the most optimal surgical strategy. In the future, we should expect an improvement in the results of surgical treatment of pancreatic tumors and complicated pancreatitis.
Correlation of MR pulmonary perfusion in patients with COVID-19 with quantitative assessment of acute phase CT images
Authors: Zakharova A. V.
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION: In the last decade, there has been an increased interest in new diagnostic techniques for assessing quantitative values in radiology. In particular, accurate quantitative values may be useful to assess anatomical or physiological changes in the lungs in patients with previously treated COVID-19 infection.

OBJECTIVE: To test a quantitative semi-automated algorithm for CT imaging in patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection and to compare the results to MR lung perfusion after coronavirus infection.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The data from 100 chest CT scans of patients with COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed. 3D segmentation of the lungs was carried out with automatic counting of the number of separated pixels in each slice. For quantitative data analysis, classification based on the density value of each pixel according to the Hounsfield scale was used. The obtained data were compared with quantitative parameters of pulmonary MR perfusion in these patients.

Statistics. Generalized additive model with beta distribution, Spearman correlation coefficient was used, Benjamini-Yekuteli correction was used to correct obtained p-values. Comparisons were determined as statistically significant when p<0.05.

 RESULTS: There was a correlation between quantitative CT data (fractions of pixels corresponding to non-ventilated and hypo-ventilated lung tissue) and the distribution of CT data into groups according to an empirical visual scale. We obtained a correlation between the functional perfusion parameters and the CT images: rMTT — 0.35 (p=0.001), rPBF — 0.23 (p=0.038) and rPBV — 0.35 (p=0.001).

DISCUSSION: Using the algorithm of quantitative semi-automatic processing of CT-images suggested in this work allows to obtain numerical data, objectively reflecting percentage of affected lung tissue, that is especially relevant for diagnostics of COVID-19 pneumonia. The obtained correlation between functional perfusion parameters and CT picture can be potentially a marker of the lung pathological changes after COVID-19 pneumonia, that requires further investigations.

CONCLUSION: Quantitative processing of CT-images allowed to correctly compare the CT scans of lung lesions in COVID-19 with MR lung perfusion data after COVID-19 infection which could potentially be of prognostic value.
Моделирование притока тепла от солнечной радиации через решеточные смарт-окна
Authors: Закируллин Рустам , Оденбах Ирина , Гунько Никита , Горьков Никита , Гирин Владимир , Пикалова Евгения
Published: October 2023

Разработан метод расчёта притока тепла от солнечной радиации для помещений с решеточными смарт-окнами с целью дальнейшей оценки влияния на функционирование систем ОВК. Получены формулы для расчёта коэффициентов пропускания прямой и диффузной солнечной радиации через смарт-окна с учётом геометрических параметров двух решёток фильтра. На основе коэффициентов пропускания рассчитывается первичная составляющая теплопритока от солнечной радиации, непосредственно прошедшая через решёточное смарт-окно, в виде суммы прямой и диффузной радиации. Вторичная составляющая теплопритока от поглощённой оконными стеклами солнечной радиации в виде излучения, а также поток тепла за счёт теплопередачи, рассчитываются известными методами, как и для помещений с обычными смарт-окнами. Разработанный метод апробирован с помощью численного моделирования в условиях города Оренбурга для одного выбранного хромогенного материала для обеих решёток фильтра. Предварительно выявлены некоторые преимущества и недостатки решёточных смарт-окон по сравнению с обычными.
Ноты христианской античности в архитектуре православного храма: от романтизма XIX к «постсовременности» XXI века
Authors: Слюнькова Инесса
Published: October 2023

Постановка проблемы критериев современности в архитектуре православного храма представляется ключе­вой в период интенсивного развития храмостроительства. В статье предпринимается попытка раскрыть проблему с позиции внутренней организации сакрального пространства, подчинённого церковной традиции и мало изменяемого во времени. Внимание сосредоточено на примерах концептуального обращения мастерами к истокам христианства, памятникам христиан­ской античности с целью обновления форм церковного искусства. Приводится анализ и сопоставление взглядов художников, мыслителей в истории XIX века и современной России, созданных ими проектов и построек.

Представлены основные положения теории, проекты росписей, иконостасов князя Г.Г. Гагарина, стоявшего у истоков византийского стиля русского искусства 1860-х годов. Предпринята попытка прояснить семантику и художественные принципы недавних архитектурных проектов архимандрита Зинона (Теодора) - известного «ревнителя достоинства иконы». Разби­раются три позиции. Критерии современности в церковном искусстве двух эпох - византийского стиля времени историзма и потенциального искусства будущей «постсовременности». Метод Гагарина и возвращение византийского образца путём адаптации его к языку академического искусства. Метод Зинона, его идеи иконоподобия образа пространства совершения богослужения путём возвращения к становлению и расцвету византийского канона, а отчасти его архаизации в убранстве храма. Предлагается определение стиль «богословия Восточной Церкви» в архитектуре, в противовес иллюстративной ар­тикуляции христианских догматов и евангельского слова в убранстве храма.
Виды использования и социально-экономические функции ландшафтов Московской области
Authors: Коробова Ольга
Published: October 2023

В статье рассматривается роль ландшафта Московской области как важного экономического ресурса – материальной основы размещения производительных сил и местообитания человека, как жизнеобеспечивающего ресурса и носителя духовной культуры общества. Анализируются произошедшие за последние тридцать лет изменения социально-экономических функций и видов использования ландшафтов Московской области, прослеживается динамика изменений различных отраслей хозяйства и структуры землепользования Московской области за постсоветский период, взаимосвязь преобразующей деятельности человека с природным окружением. Выявляются причины ускоренной трансформации природных и селитебных территорий, образования многообразных антропогенных ландшафтов, возникновения конфликтных ситуаций при изменении функций территории.
Проблема ансамбля в русской архитектурной мысли XIX–XX веков. Взгляд из сегодняшнего дня
Authors: Нащокина Мария
Published: October 2023

Статья посвящена бытованию понятия «ансамбль» в русской архитектурной мысли XIX–XX веков, его постепенному уточнению и использованию как в трудах по истории архитектуры, так и в текущей практике. Автор обращает внимание на то, что интерес к ансамблям несёт в нашей культуре яркий национальный оттенок. Коллективная монография «Архитектурные ансамбля Москвы X–XX вв. Принципы художественного единства» (1997), вышедшая под редакцией Т.Ф.Саваренской охарактеризована как последний всплеск профессионального интереса к «ансамблю» как к базовой категориив архитектуре России.
Архитектурно-конструктивные приемы в проектировании энергоэффективных арктических поселений
Authors: Корнилов Терентий , Алексеев Николай
Published: October 2023

Для активного освоения Арктической зоны РФ строительство комфортного жилья является одним из основных задач в сфере социального развития. В статье на основе опыта строительства и эксплуатации зданий на северных территориях рассмотрены основные архитектурно-конструктивные приёмы в проектировании арктических поселений. В новом строительстве арктических районов следует планировать в населённых пунктах квартальную застройку энергоэффективными многофункцио-нальными жилыми комплексами (МЖК) с полным инженерным обустройством. Разработаны объёмно-планировочные решения МЖК, отвечающие требованиям энергоэффективности и комфортного проживания в экстремальных условиях Арктики. Предложены основные принципы выбора конструктивно-технологического решения жилых комплексов в зависимости от транспортно-логистической схемы и организации малых производств строительных материалов на основе местного сырья. Выполнен анализ конструктивных способов проектирования ограждающих конструкций энергоэффективных зданий с учётом специфических климатических условий. Рассмотрены проблемы инженерного обеспечения жилых зданий в арктических районах.
Зарождение Санкт-Петербургской агломерации. Закономерности на- чального этапа урбанизации
Authors: Панибратов Юрий , Лавров Леонид , Молоткова Елена
Published: October 2023

Статья представляет собой первую часть публикации, в которой закономерности возникновения и начального этапа развития крупной градостроительной структуры рассматриваются на примере территорий в дельте Невы и в восточной части Финского залива. Подчёркивается высокая неоднородность доступной информационной базы, отмечаются существенные расхождения в трактовке базовых определений и терминов, поэтому методика исследования – расчленение изучаемого объекта на простейшие структуры, сочетаемое с системным анализом. Привлечены количественные данные о создававшейся инфраструктуре, её «технико-экономических показателях». Выявляется связь процессов урбанизации с реформированием государственной территориально-хозяйственной и административно-управленческой структуры. Показано, что основными детерминантами развития города были местная гидрология, безграничность фонда казённых земель и относительная автономность основных застройщиков – государственных ведомств. Подчёркивается роль менявшихся условий финансирования и постепенное поглощение территориальных ресурсов. Как рубежные этапы градостроительного развития выделяются вторая половина XVIII века (исчерпан потенциал природного каркаса освоения территории) и начало XIX (прекращено бесплатное выделение земельных наделов). Акцентируется внимание на полицентричности формировавшейся в дельте Невы градостроительной структуры и принципиальной неоднородности составляющих её элементов.
Об особенностях формирования комфортной среды для научных исследований
Authors: Дианова-Клокова Инна , Метаньев Дмитрий
Published: October 2023

Сложные условия работы учёных требуют разнообразных и часто неординарных приёмов создания комфортной среды для ведения научных исследований. Для этого необходимо решение следующих задач: – организация атмосферы спокойствия и тишины для исследований путём рационального размещения и различных планировочных приёмов организации пространства;– всемерное развитие возможностей для социального и научно-информационного взаимодействия путём создания системы пространств, которые облегчают коммуникации и общение;– обеспечение безопасности сотрудников с использованием широкого спектра защитных мероприятий, среди которых основные – защита расстоянием (зонирование) и конструктивная защита;– обеспечение высокой степени трансформируемости и возможностей модернизации путём резервирования – пространственного, конструктивного, инженерного; соответствующей планировки площадей; модульной организации всех элементов рабочего поля.Комплексный подход и взаимосвязь применяемых архитекторами мер способствуют созданию комфортных условий, улучшению социального и творческого климата, повышают производительность труда.
Influence of runoff regulation on hydrochemical indicators of water in small rivers on the example of the Teplaya river in the Saratov region
Authors: Fomina Alla A. , Sheina Kristina V. , Abrosimova Olga V.
Published: October 2023

Small rivers are extremely sensitive to any anthropogenic activity, including runoff regulation, and serve as a kind of indicator of the ecological state of natural complexes. In general, large rivers are well studied, and small water bodies are practically not studied, although they are of great economic importance. For Teplaya river of the Saratov region was given an ecological and geographical characteristic, sources of anthropogenic load on the reservoir were identified, an analysis was made of the degree of knowledge and background indicators of the rivers of this basin. On the example of Teplaya river effect of runoff regulation of a small river by a dam on a number of physical and chemical parameters of pond water quality is considered. It has been established that the water temperature in the Teplaya river in the autumn period before the runoff regulation was a constant value, and after the dam it increased to the last sampling point downstream. The hydrogen index varied within 7.5-8.4, the total mineralization of water consistently increased in the studied section of the river (0.66-1.08 g/dm3). It is shown that the content of ammonium ions and nitrites was much higher than the sanitary and hygienic standards, which indicates the uniform nature of fresh organic water pollution in this section of the river. An increase in the concentration of chlorides in the last of the cascade of ponds was established - almost 1.5 times compared to the higher sampling points, which, however, did not exceed the standard values.