bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vanadium‐Incorporated, Polyoxometalate‐Based Open Frameworks and Their Applications for Cathode‐Active Materials.
Authors: Zhang Zhenxin , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Zhang Zhongyue , Murayama Toru , Sadakane Masahiro , Inoue Yasunori , Ueda Wataru , Awaga Kunio , Hara Michikazu
Published: May 2016

A series of V‐incorporated ε‐Keggin polyoxometalate‐based open framework materials, (NH4)1.8H10 [Zn3Mo11.9V0.1O40] ·6.5H2O, (NH4)1.8H10 [Zn2.7Mo11.6V0.7O40] ·6.5H2O, (NH4)1.8H7 [Zn2.6Mo11.2V1.2O40] ·6H2O, (NH4)2H14 [Mn2.4Mo12V0.2O40] ·5H2O, (NH4)2.2H12 [Mn2.2Mo11.9V0.7O40] ·5H2O, and (NH4)2.2H9 [Mn2.2Mo11.6V1.0O40] ·5H2O, is hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous mixtures of (NH4)6Mo7O24, NH4VO3, Mo, and ZnCl2 or MnO (autoclave, 448 K, 24 h, 53—71% yield of Zn‐containing compounds, 35—43% yield of Mn‐containing compounds).
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Oxygen Modulated Luminescence of an Octahedrohexamolybdenum Iodide Cluster Having Six Apical Thiocyanate Ligands.
Authors: Riehl Lara , Stroebele Markus , Enseling David , Juestel Thomas , Meyer H.‐Juergen
Published: May 2016

The new compound (VI) is characterized by single crystal XRD and luminescence measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Addition Reactions of Alcohols to Vinylcyclopropane.
Authors: Matsuoka Shin‐ichi , Numata Kazuki , Suzuki Masato
Published: May 2016

Lewis acids such as Sn(O‐Tf)2 catalyze the ring opening 1,5‐addition of aliphatic alcohols to 2‐vinylcyclopropanedicarboxylate (I) furnishing regioselectively 4‐alkoxy‐2‐methoxycarbonyl‐5‐hexenoates.
ChemInform Abstract: Brook Rearrangement as a Trigger for the Ring Opening of Strained Carbocycles.
Authors: Zhang Fa‐Guang , Eppe Guillaume , Marek Ilan
Published: May 2016

The diastereoselective copper‐catalyzed carbomagnesiation of cyclopropenyl amides (I) followed by reaction with acylsilanes gives functionalized hydrosilanes (IV) with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding the Scope of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for Perfluoroalkylation: From Trifluoromethyl to Functionalized Perfluoroethyl.
Authors: Matousek Vaclav , Vaclavik Jiri , Hajek Peter , Charpentier Julie , Blastik Zsofia E. , Pietrasiak Ewa , Budinska Alena , Togni Antonio , Beier Petr
Published: May 2016

A series of new hypervalent iodine reagents based on the 3,3‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benziodoxole and 1,2‐benziodoxol‐3‐(1H)‐one scaffolds is prepared and utilized in perfluoroalkylation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Reaction of α‐Cyanoacetates Catalyzed by a Heterobimetallic Platina‐/Palladacycle.
Authors: Weiss Marcel , Holz Julia , Peters Rene
Published: May 2016

The allylation of α‐cyanoacetates in the presence of a heterobimetallic Pt(II)/Pd(II) catalyst is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Process for the Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 7‐Substituted Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine.
Authors: Bassoude Ibtissam , Tber Zahira , Essassi El Mokhtar , Guillaumet Gerald , Berteina‐Raboin Sabine
Published: May 2016

This one‐pot, two‐step protocol proceeds via Pd‐catalyzed direct CH‐arylation followed by a saponification—decarboxylation reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Furfuryl Cations Strategy: Three‐Component Synthesis of Enamidyl Triazoles.
Authors: Yang Hengtuo , Gou Jing , Guo Jiawei , Duan Dongyu , Zhao Yu‐Ming , Yu Binxun , Gao Ziwei
Published: May 2016

A three‐component reaction based on a furan platform strategy is accomplished under stoichiometric Lewis acid promotion.
ChemInform Abstract: Molybdenum Pentachloride Mediated Synthesis of Spirocyclic Compounds by Intramolecular Oxidative Coupling.
Authors: Schubert Moritz , Wehming Kathrin , Kehl Anton , Nieger Martin , Schnakenburg Gregor , Froehlich Roland , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: May 2016

Oxidative treatment of 4‐methoxy substituted 2‐aryl cinnamates leads to an dealkylative C—C coupling and gives access to spirocyclic compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Microwave‐Assisted Decarboxylative Elimination for the Synthesis of Olefins.
Authors: Wu Shu‐Wei , Liu Jia‐Li , Liu Feng
Published: May 2016

The novel title reaction provides the products in moderate to high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: First Catalyzed Hydration of Haloalkynes by a Recyclable Catalytic System.
Authors: Zou Huaxu , He Weibao , Dong Qizhi , Wang Ruijia , Yi Niannian , Jiang Jun , Pen Dongming , He Weimin
Published: May 2016

The Cu(OAc)2/TFA system can be recycled and reused for at least five times without loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Cross Esterification of Alcohols via Acyl Chloride Formation.
Authors: Gaspa Silvia , Porcheddu Andrea , De Luca Lidia
Published: May 2016

Using trichloroisocyanuric acid as the oxidant, a broad variety of benzoates are prepared from benzylic alcohols and alkanols as well as phenols via intermediate conversion of the benzylic alcohol into the corresponding benzoyl chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Amidation of Benzamides with Sulfonyl Azides under Solvent‐Free Conditions in a Ball Mill.
Authors: Hermann Gary N. , Becker Peter , Bolm Carsten
Published: May 2016

The mechanochemical activation enables the formation of an iridium species that catalyzes the ortho‐selective amidation of benzamides with various sulfonyl azides in excellent yields within short times.
ChemInform Abstract: Combining Visible Light Catalysis and Transfer Hydrogenation for in situ Efficient and Selective Semihydrogenation of Alkynes under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Zhong Jian‐Ji , Liu Qiang , Wu Cheng‐Juan , Meng Qing‐Yuan , Gao Xue‐Wang , Li Zhi‐Jun , Chen Bin , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: May 2016

The title semihydrogenation gives E‐alkenes for diaryl substituted alkynes and Z‐alkenes for aryl alkyl or dialkyl substituted alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Greener Paal—Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis by Mechanical Activation.
Authors: Akelis Liudvikas , Rousseau Jolanta , Juskenas Robertas , Dodonova Jelena , Rousseau Cyril , Menuel Stephane , Prevost Dominique , Tumkevicius Sigitas , Monflier Eric , Hapiot Frederic
Published: May 2016

N‐substituted pyrroles are synthesized by the Paal—Knorr reaction using mechanical activation in a ball mill.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reductive Alkoxylation and Amination of Cyclic Imides.
Authors: Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. , Sorribes Ivan , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: May 2016

The reductive mono‐alkoxylation of N‐substituted phthalimides with hydrogen as reducing agent is achieved in the presence of a catalyst system consisting of Ru(acac)3, Triphos, and methanesulfonic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Mediated Vinylogous Additions of Enol Nucleophiles into an α,β‐Unsaturated Platinum Carbene.
Authors: Allegretti Paul A. , Huynh Khoi , Ozumerzifon Tarik J. , Ferreira Eric M.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction provides access to benzofuran and a broad range of indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective ortho Alkylation of Nitro Indole, Carbazole, Benzothiophene and Benzofuran.
Authors: Lamont Scott G. , Donald Craig S. , Lyman Feron J. , Groombridge Sam D.
Published: May 2016

This novel regioselective method allows the introduction of alkyl substituents into the ortho position of nitro groups by addition of Grignards reagents and subsequent oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Atmospheric Pressure of CO2 as Protecting Reagent and Reactant: Efficient Synthesis of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones with Carbamate Salts, Aldehydes and Alkynes.
Authors: Yu Bing , Cheng Bin‐Bin , Liu Wei‐Qi , Li Wei , Wang Shan‐Shan , Cao Jie , Hu Chang‐Wen
Published: May 2016

The carbamate salt starting materials are prepared by bubbling CO2 through the corresponding liquid amines.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Aryl 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives and Their Biological Activities.
Authors: Dhinakaran Isaivani , Padmini Vediappen , Bhuvanesh Nattamai
Published: May 2016

A new series of polysubstituted dihydropyridine derivatives (V) (15 examples) is synthesized using a multicomponent reaction strategy.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles (HAP NPs): A Green and Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Three‐Component One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one Derivatives in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Razavi Nasrin , Akhlaghinia Batool
Published: May 2016

The nanocatalyst is reusable up to six times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Silylative Reduction of Pyridines Leading to Structurally Diverse Azacyclic Compounds with the Formation of sp3 C—Si Bonds.
Authors: Gandhamsetty Narasimhulu , Park Sehoon , Chang Sukbok
Published: May 2016

A scalable, metal‐free dearomatization of substituted pyridines is described, and depending on the substituents′ position structurally diverse azacycles are formed selectively.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Trialkylstannyl Arylphosphanes by C—P and C—Sn Bond Formation in Arynes.
Authors: Li Yuanming , Chakrabarty Shyamal , Mueck‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Studer Armido
Published: May 2016

In situ generated arynes react with stannylated phosphanes to form the title compounds in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Taraxerane‐Type Triterpenoids from Portulaca oleracea Linn. Seeds
Authors: Mir Showkat R. , Ali Mohammed
Published: May 2016

isolation and characterization of four taraxeran‐type triterpenoids, taraxerol (Ia) acetyl (Ib), alenritolic acid and portaraxeroic acid A (Ic) and B (Id)
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cyclopentane Derivative from Ficus pomifera Wall. and Curcuma leucorrhiza Roxb.
Authors: Wangkheirakpam Sujata D. , Asem Satyavama D. , Radhapiyari Wangkheirakpam , Singh Chingakham B. , Yumnam Rajkumar S. , Laitonjam Warjeet S.
Published: May 2016

isolation, structure elucidation, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of tetraol (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Morphology Controllable Syntheses of Micro‐ and Nano‐Iron Pyrite Mono‐ and Poly‐Crystals: A Review
Authors: Xian Haiyang , Zhu Jianxi , Liang Xiaoliang , He Hongping
Published: May 2016

Review: 137 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Metal Nanostructures: Fertile Ground for Coordination Chemists
Authors: Amiens C. , Ciuculescu‐Pradines D. , Philippot K.
Published: May 2016

Review: 313 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Functionalized Metal—Organic Frameworks: Structure, Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Lin Yichao , Kong Chunlong , Chen Liang
Published: May 2016

Review: syntheses, structures and properties of amine‐functionalized MOFs, and highlight the benefits of amino functionality towards potential applications in CO2 capture, membranes and catalysis; 102 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Design of Functional Boron Imidazolate Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Hai‐Xia , Liu Meng , Wen Tian , Zhang Jian
Published: May 2016

Review: 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for Atom‐Transfer Reactions: Beyond Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Li Yifan , Hari Durga Prasad , Vita Maria Victoria , Waser Jerome
Published: May 2016

Review: [87 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Photocatalysis
Authors: Li Ying , Xu Hua , Ouyang Shuxin , Ye Jinhua
Published: May 2016

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bischler—Napieralski Reaction in Total Synthesis of Isoquinoline‐Based Natural Products. An Old Reaction, a New Application
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Nazari Niousha
Published: May 2016

Review: 254 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Xenicane Natural Products: Biological Activity and Total Synthesis
Authors: Betschart Leo , Altmann Karl‐Heinz
Published: May 2016

Review: 147 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments of Corey‐Fuchs Reaction in Organic and Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Asadi Shima , Nazari Niousha , Lashkariani Boshra Malekzadeh
Published: May 2016

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiferromagnetic Spintronics
Authors: Jungwirth T. , Marti X. , Wadley P. , Wunderlich J.
Published: May 2016

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA Functionalized Fluorescent Quantum Dots for Bioanalytical Applications
Authors: Zhang Cuiling , Ding Caiping , Xiang Dongshan , Li Li , Ji Xinghu , He Zhike , Xian Yuezhong
Published: May 2016

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Developments in Spontaneous and Coherent Raman Scattering Microscopic Imaging for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Krafft C. , Schie I. W. , Meyer T. , Schmitt M. , Popp J.
Published: May 2016

Review: 246 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Raman and Infra‐Red Microspectroscopy: Towards Quantitative Evaluation for Clinical Research by Ratiometric Analysis
Authors: Kumar Srividya , Verma Taru , Mukherjee Ria , Ariese Freek , Somasundaram Kumaravel , Umapathy Siva
Published: May 2016

Review: 123 refs.
Influence of process parameters and scalability of the semi‐batch production of functionalized silver nanoparticles
Authors: Nogueira André L. , Machado Ricardo A. F. , de Souza Alan Z. , Franco César V. , Dutra Gabriel B.
Published: May 2016

The present work investigated in detail the effects of stirring rate, temperature, and the feed flow rate of the reducing agent on the properties of functionalized silver nanoparticles produced in a semi‐batch reactor. In addition, a specific formulation was tested in chemical reactors with different volumes to demonstrate the scalability of the process. The colloids were characterized using UV‐Vis spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and zeta potential. The scale up of the process was successfully performed, producing similar results at larger scales to those obtained in the small scale. Standardized antibacterial assays showed that fabric and polymer samples functionalized with the produced silver colloids presented outstanding antibacterial activity. These findings demonstrated that silver nanoparticles with specific properties and promising antibacterial applications can be rapidly produced through suitable tuning of the process parameters regardless the scale of production.
Combining thread‐level speculation and just‐in‐time compilation in Google's V8 JavaScript engine
Authors: Martinsen Jan Kasper , Grahn Håkan , Isberg Anders
Published: May 2016

Thread‐level speculation can be used to take advantage of multicore architectures for JavaScript in web applications. We extend previous studies with these main contributions; we implement thread‐level speculation in the state‐of‐the art just‐in‐time‐enabled JavaScript engine V8 and make the measurements in the Chromium web browser both from Google instead of using an interpreted JavaScript engine. We evaluate the thread‐level speculation and just‐in‐time compilation combination on 15 very popular web applications, 20 HTML5 demos from the JS1K competition, and 4 Google Maps use cases. The performance is evaluated on two, four, and eight cores. The results clearly show that it is possible to successfully combine thread‐level speculation and just‐in‐time compilation. This makes it possible to take advantage of multicore architectures for web applications while hiding the details of parallel programming from the programmer. Further, our results show an average speedup for the thread‐level speculation and just‐in‐time compilation combination by a factor of almost 3 on four cores and over 4 on eight cores, without changing any of the JavaScript source code. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing thread divergence in GPU‐based bees swarm optimization applied to association rule mining
Authors: Djenouri Youcef , Bendjoudi Ahcene , Habbas Zineb , Mehdi Malika , Djenouri Djamel
Published: May 2016

The association rules mining (ARM) problem is one of the most important problems in the area of data mining. It aims at finding all relevant association rules from transactional databases. It is CPU time intensive and requires a huge computing power when dealing with large transactional databases. To deal with this issue, Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are a powerful tool to speed up the search process. However, their performance is closely subject to thread/branch divergence resulting from the single instruction multiple data parallel model of GPUs. In this paper, we propose three approaches based on database reorganization, aiming to reduce thread divergence in GPU‐based bees swarm optimization metaheuristic for ARM, respectively, named block‐based reordering, transactions‐based reordering, and transactions‐based reordering with median value. Theoretical and experimental studies have been carried out using well‐known large ARM instances. The experiments have been performed on an Intel Xeon 64 bit quad‐core processor E5520 coupled to Nvidia Tesla C2075 448 cores. The results show that the proposed approaches minimize considerably the number of thread divergence and improve the overall execution time. Indeed, the number of thread divergence occurrences has been reduced by up to eight times making the execution much faster. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PA‐seq for Global Identification of RNA Polyadenylation Sites of Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Transcripts
Authors: Ni Ting , Majerciak Vladimir , Zheng Zhi‐Ming , Zhu Jun
Published: May 2016

Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human oncovirus linked to the development of several malignancies in immunocompromised patients. Like other herpesviruses, KSHV has a large DNA genome encoding more than 100 distinct gene products. Despite being transcribed and processed by cellular machinery, the structure and organization of KSHV genes in the virus genome differ from what is observed in cellular genes from the human genome. A typical feature of KSHV expression is the production of polycistronic transcripts initiated from different promoters but sharing the same polyadenylation site (pA site). This represents a challenge in determination of the 3′ end of individual viral transcripts. Such information is critical for generation of a virus transcriptional map for genetic studies. Here we present PA‐seq, a high‐throughput method for genome‐wide analysis of pA sites of KSHV transcripts in B lymphocytes with latent or lytic KSHV infection. Besides identification of all viral pA sites, PA‐seq also provides quantitative information about the levels of viral transcripts associated with each pA site, making it possible to determine the relative expression levels of viral genes at various stages of infection. Due to the indiscriminate nature of PA‐seq, the pA sites of host transcripts are also concurrently mapped in the testing samples. Therefore, this technology can simultaneously estimate the expression changes of host genes and RNA polyadenylation upon KSHV infection. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cryptic diversity in Black rats Rattus rattus of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador
Authors: Willows‐Munro Sandi , Dowler Robert C. , Jarcho Michael R. , Phillips Reese B. , Snell Howard L. , Wilbert Tammy R. , Edwards Cody W.
Published: May 2016

Human activity has facilitated the introduction of a number of alien mammal species to the Galápagos Archipelago. Understanding the phylogeographic history and population genetics of invasive species on the Archipelago is an important step in predicting future spread and designing effective management strategies. In this study, we describe the invasion pathway of Rattus rattus across the Galápagos using microsatellite data, coupled with historical knowledge. Microsatellite genotypes were generated for 581 R. rattus sampled from 15 islands in the archipelago. The genetic data suggest that there are at least three genetic lineages of R. rattus present on the Galápagos Islands. The spatial distributions of these lineages correspond to the main centers of human settlement in the archipelago. There was limited admixture among these three lineages, and these finding coupled with low rates of gene flow among island populations suggests that interisland movement of R. rattus is rare. The low migration among islands recorded for the species will have a positive impact on future eradication efforts.
Rapid tree water transport and residence times in a Pennsylvania catchment
Authors: Gaines Katie P. , Meinzer Frederick C. , Duffy Christopher J. , Thomas Evan M. , Eissenstat David M.
Published: May 2016

Trees are responsible for the majority of precipitation recycling over land and can affect soil water storage, stream flow, and ground water recharge. Historically, water has not often been limiting in eastern U.S. forests. As a result, little work has been done to understand the timing of water use by vegetation in these systems. We used deuterium tracer, sap flux, and anatomical techniques to study tree water transport on a forested ridge top in central Pennsylvania. Three trees of each of the dominant ring‐porous species, Carya tomentosa (mockernut hickory), Quercus prinus (chestnut oak), and Quercus rubra (red oak), and the diffuse‐porous Acer saccharum (sugar maple), were studied. We hypothesized that tracer velocity would be higher in the ring‐porous species because of their greater vessel diameters and water transport efficiency, but that tracer residence time would be largely dependent on tree size. The tracer travelled at velocities of 1 to 18 m d−1 with maximum deuterium concentration in the crowns of the study trees being reached between 1 and 12 days after injection. Tracer residence time ranged from about 5 to 22 days with no evidence of longer residence times in larger trees. There was also no evidence of a relationship between tracer velocity and calculated xylem specific conductivity, which varied by nearly an order of magnitude between species. However, the soil‐to‐leaf driving force for water transport may be a strong determinant of tracer velocity across species, and shows promise as a proxy for sap velocity in hydrologic modelling applications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutritional quality and sensory acceptability of complementary food blended from maize (Zea mays), roasted pea (Pisum sativum), and malted barley (Hordium vulgare)
Authors: Fikiru Obse , Bultosa Geremew , Fikreyesus Forsido Sirawdink , Temesgen Mathewos
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of blending ratio of malted barley, maize, and roasted pea flour on complementary food quality and sensory acceptability. D‐ Optimal mixture design was used to generate 14 formulations. Each ingredient had 55–90% maize, 20–35% pea and 4–12% malted barley. Pretreatments like debranning of maize, roasting of pea and dehusking of malted barley were done. The three component‐constrained mixture design was conducted using Design‐Expert® 6 (Stat‐Ease). Ash, protein, fat, fiber, moisture, and carbohydrate contents were found in between range of 1.5–2.5%, 13.0–18.5%, 1.8–2.5%, 3.06–4.45%, 5.0–6.5%, and 68.9–74.1%, respectively. Significant difference (P < 0.05) among the treatments was observed for protein, moisture, odor, flavor and sensory overall acceptability. Lack‐of‐fit was significantly different only for fat (R2 = 0.90). Thus, the model generated can predict all attributes except for fat. The optimum values of high nutrient content and sensory acceptability were observed in the range of 55.0–68.5%, 27.5–35.0%, and 4.0–10.0% for maize, pea, and malted barley respectively.
The Binomial CEV Model and the Greeks
Authors: Cruz Aricson , Dias José Carlos
Published: May 2016

This article compares alternative binomial approximation schemes for computing the option hedge ratios studied by Chung and Shackleton (2002), Chung, Hung, Lee, and Shih (2011), and Pelsser and Vorst (1994) under the lognormal assumption, but now considering the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) process proposed by Cox (1975) and using the continuous‐time analytical Greeks recently offered by Larguinho, Dias, and Braumann (2013) as the benchmarks. Among all the binomial models considered in this study, we conclude that an extended tree binomial CEV model with the smooth and monotonic convergence property is the most efficient method for computing Greeks under the CEV diffusion process because one can apply the two‐point extrapolation formula suggested by Chung et al. (2011). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 37:90–104, 2017
Dispelling Stem‐Cell Ideology
Authors: Shrader‐Frechette Kristin
Published: May 2016

Week‐old embryos are considered the richest source of stem cells usable in medical treatments. Because the embryos are destroyed when the stem cells are removed, the debate over the embryo's legal, moral, political, and scientific status has exploded. In this debate, Sheldon Krimsky's Stem Cell Dialogues: A Philosophical and Scientific Inquiry into Medical Frontiers (Columbia UP, 2015) is the single best book. Evenhanded, eminently readable, up to date, educational, scientifically precise, powerfully researched, and very entertaining, Krimsky's slim volume is one that no scientist, policy‐maker, ethicist, or intelligent reader should miss.
Minding and Caring about Ethics in Brain Injury
Authors: Gillett Grant
Published: May 2016

Joseph Fins's book Rights Come to Mind: Brain Injury, Ethics, and the Struggle for Consciousness (Cambridge UP, 2015) is a considerable addition to the literature on disorders of consciousness and the murky area of minimally conscious states. Fins brings to this fraught area of clinical practice and neuroethical analysis a series of stories and reflections resulting in a pressing and sustained ethical challenge both to clinicians and to health care systems. The challenge is multifaceted, with diagnostic and therapeutic demands to be met by clinicians and a mix of moral, scientific‐economic, and political resonances for health care analysts. Everything in the book resonates with my own clinical experience and the often messy and emotionally wrenching business of providing ongoing care for patients with severe brain injuries and disorders, people who frequently resist the categorizations that well‐organized health care systems prefer and that can dictate terms of patient management.
The effect of differences between rainfall measurement techniques on groundwater and discharge simulations in a lowland catchment
Authors: Brauer Claudia C. , Overeem Aart , Leijnse Hidde , Uijlenhoet Remko
Published: May 2016

Several rainfall measurement techniques are available for hydrological applications, each with its own spatial and temporal resolution and errors. When using these rainfall datasets as input for hydrological models, their errors and uncertainties propagate through the hydrological system. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of differences between rainfall measurement techniques on groundwater and discharge simulations in a lowland catchment, the 6.5‐km2 Hupsel Brook experimental catchment.

We used five distinct rainfall data sources: two automatic raingauges (one in the catchment and another one 30 km away), operational (real‐time and unadjusted) and gauge‐adjusted ground‐based C‐band weather radar datasets and finally a novel source of rainfall information for hydrological purposes, namely, microwave link data from a cellular telecommunication network. We used these data as input for the, a recently developed rainfall‐runoff model for lowland catchments, and intercompared the five simulated discharges time series and groundwater time series for a heavy rainfall event and a full year.

Three types of rainfall errors were found to play an important role in the hydrological simulations, namely: (1) Biases, found in the unadjusted radar dataset, are amplified when propagated through the hydrological system; (2) Timing errors, found in the nearest automatic raingauge outside the catchment, are attenuated when propagated through the hydrological system; (3) Seasonally varying errors, found in the microwave link data, affect the dynamics of the simulated catchment water balance. We conclude that the hydrological potential of novel rainfall observation techniques should be assessed over a long period, preferably a full year or longer, rather than on an event basis, as is often done. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Hydrological Processes. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
In situ spray deposition of cell‐loaded, thermally and chemically gelling hydrogel coatings for tissue regeneration
Authors: Pehlivaner Kara Meryem O. , Ekenseair Adam K.
Published: May 2016

In this study, the efficacy of creating cellular hydrogel coatings on warm tissue surfaces through the minimally invasive, sprayable delivery of thermoresponsive liquid solutions was investigated. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐based (pNiPAAm) thermogelling macromers with or without addition of crosslinking polyamidoamine (PAMAM) macromers were synthesized and used to produce in situ forming thermally and chemically gelling hydrogel systems. The effect of solution and process parameters on hydrogel physical properties and morphology was evaluated and compared to poly(ethylene glycol) and injection controls. Smooth, fast, and conformal hydrogel coatings were obtained when pNiPAAm thermogelling macromers were sprayed with high PAMAM concentration at low pressure. Cellular hydrogel coatings were further fabricated by different spraying techniques: single‐stream, layer‐by‐layer, and dual stream methods. The impact of spray technique, solution formulation, pressure, and spray solution viscosity on the viability of fibroblast and osteoblast cells encapsulated in hydrogels was elucidated. In particular, the early formation of chemically crosslinked micronetworks during bulk liquid flow was shown to significantly affect cell viability under turbulent conditions compared to injectable controls. The results demonstrated that sprayable, in situ forming hydrogels capable of delivering cell populations in a homogeneous therapeutic coating on diseased tissue surfaces offer promise as novel therapies for applications in regenerative medicine. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2383–2393, 2016.
Thermodynamic Studies of Insulin Loading into a Glucose Responsive Hydrogel Based on Chitosan‐polyacrylamide‐polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Farahani Bahman Vasheghani , Ghasemzadeh Hossein , Afraz Shiravan
Published: May 2016

The insulin therapy constitutes the preferred treatment for Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The traditional insulin therapy, which consists of daily subcutaneous insulin injections to control blood glucose level, is not able to regulate the blood glucose level precisely. In this research, to facilitate the diabetic patient life, an intelligent drug delivery system based on a biodegrable biopolymer to control the insulin release, was designed. In this system, chitosan‐polyethylene glycol hydrogel and glucose oxidize play the role of drug carrier and glucose biosensor, respectively. To increase the hydrogel drug loading capacity, hydrogels with different PEG content were synthesized and insulin was loaded by swelling‐diffusion method into them. The loaded hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the thermodynamic study for insulin loading process was performed to investigate the stability of the drug in the system.
Conversion of 1,3‐Dimethyl‐5‐(Arylazo)‐6‐Amino‐Uracils to 1,3‐Dimethyl‐5‐(Arylazo)‐Barbituric Acids: Spectroscopic Characterization, Photophysical Property and Determination of pKa of the Products
Authors: Debnath Diptanu , Purkayastha Atanu , Choudhury Rupasree , Misra Tarun Kumar
Published: May 2016

The study of inter‐conversion between molecules, especially biologically and pharmaceutically important molecules, is extremely important. This study reports the inter‐conversion between two azo‐derivtives: azo‐6‐aminouracils to azo‐barbituric acids. We successfully converted the 1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐(arylazo)‐6‐aminouracils (Uazo‐1 to Uazo‐4) to 1,3‐dimethyl‐5‐(arylazo)‐barbituric acids (BAazo‐1 to BAazo‐4) (where aryl⇒C6H5‐(1); p‐MeC6H4‐(2), p‐ClC6H4‐(3), and p‐NO2C6H4‐(4)) following an acid‐hydrolysis path. The products were characterized using spectroscopic tools like UV‐vis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. UV‐vis spectra of the as‐prepared dyes reveal that in contrast to the azo‐6‐aminouracils they are hardly responsive towards solvatochromism. IR spectra exhibit three characteristic >CO frequencies for as‐prepared azobarbituric acids instead of two for mother azo‐6‐aminouracils. 1H NMR spectra which reflect the existence of solution species evidence the absence of >CNH group (characteristic imido‐H at the 6‐position of hydrazone species of azo‐6‐aminouracils) and consequence presence of >CO group at the same position in as‐prepared azobarbituric acids. They exhibit structural emissions in the range of 400–440 nm upon excitation at 360 nm. The determined acid dissociation constant (pKa) values of BAazos increase according to the following sequence: BAazo‐2>1>3>4.
Theoretical Study of the Reductive Decomposition of Vinylethylene Sulfite as an Additive in Lithium Ion Battery
Authors: Leggesse Ermias Girma , Wei Ting‐Yi , Nachimuthu Santhanamoorthi , Jiang J. C.
Published: May 2016

Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have been used as power sources for advanced portable devices owing to their high energy density and availability in a wide temperature. In a typical LIB system, a protective film called solid electrolyte interface (SEI) usually will be formed on the negative electrode surface. The understanding of the formation mechanism and components of this film is mandatory as it dictates the overall battery performance. Although the amount of additive in an electrolyte composition is not much, it substantially plays an important role and could affect the efficiency and stability of the lithium ion battery. In this study, we have investigated the reductive decomposition mechanism and film forming ability of vinylethylene sulfite (VES), which is a derivative of ethylene sulfite. Based on our DFT calculations, VES, with lower LUMO, tends to undergoes reduction prior to EC or PC. With respect to the reductive decomposition of VES, (VES‐)Li+(EC) and (VES‐)Li+(EC)2, the final primary products which could form the protective SEI film were found to be Li2SO3, (C2H3OSO2Li)2, CH3CH(OSO2Li)CH2OCO2Li.
Theoretical Characterizations on Charge Transfer Excitations in Solution by Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory A Case Study
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Ting , Chou Tsao‐Pei , Li Elise Y.
Published: May 2016

It is a well‐known issue that the application of time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) on charge transfer excitations often leads to a severe underestimation if the non‐local exchange energy is not properly included. Here we perform a careful first‐principles investigation on a specific molecular system that is known to exhibit thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) phenomenon, using three different functions, B3LYP, CAM‐B3LYP, and M06‐2X. We find that even in functionals with more adequately described or fitted long‐range exchange part, the triplet excitation energy levels may still show a large variation, indicating that the performance of a specific functional cannot solely be based on the comparison with the absorption or emission spectra. An inclusion of the solvent effect adds to further complexity. Since the efficiency of TADF is directly related to the energy gaps between low‐lying singlet and triplet excited states, the proposed underlying mechanism to illustrate photophysical processes would be intimately associated to the chosen functional and the treatment of the polar medium.
Hadamard Matrices Modulo p and Small Modular Hadamard Matrices
Authors: Kuperberg Vivian
Published: May 2016

We use modular symmetric designs to study the existence of Hadamard matrices modulo certain primes. We solve the 7‐modular and 11‐modular versions of the Hadamard conjecture for all but a finite number of cases. In doing so, we state a conjectural sufficient condition for the existence of a p‐modular Hadamard matrix for all but finitely many cases. When 2 is a primitive root of a prime p, we conditionally solve this conjecture and therefore the p‐modular version of the Hadamard conjecture for all but finitely many cases when , and prove a weaker result for . Finally, we look at constraints on the existence of m‐modular Hadamard matrices when the size of the matrix is small compared to m.
The sunk cost effect across species: A review of persistence in a course of action due to prior investment
Authors: Magalhães Paula , Geoffrey White K.
Published: May 2016

The sunk cost effect is the bias or tendency to persist in a course of action due to prior investments of effort, money or time. At the time of the only review on the sunk cost effect across species (Arkes & Ayton, 1999), research with nonhuman animals had been ecological in its nature, and the findings about the effect of past investments on current choice were inconclusive. However, in the last decade a new line of experimental laboratory‐based research has emerged with the promise of revolutionizing the way we approach the study of the sunk cost effect in nonhumans. In the present review we challenge Arkes and Ayton's conclusion that the sunk cost effect is exclusive to humans, and describe evidence for the sunk cost effect in nonhuman animals. By doing so, we also challenge the current explanations for the sunk cost effect in humans, as they are not applicable to nonhumans. We argue that a unified theory is called for, because different independent variables, in particular, investment amount, have the same influence on the sunk cost effect across species. Finally, we suggest possible psychological mechanisms shared across different species, contrast and depreciation, that could explain the sunk cost effect.
(Substituted Ylidene)Amino‐2‐Oxo‐Indolylidene Thioureas and Bis(2‐Oxo‐Indolylidene)Urea from (Ylidene)Thiocarbonohydrazides and Isatylidene Malononitrile
Authors: Hassan Alaa A. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Abdel‐Latif Fathy F. , Mostafa Sara M. , Abdel‐Aziz Mohamed , Mague Joel T. , Akkurt Mehmet , Bräse Stefan , Nieger Martin
Published: May 2016

A simple and efficient synthesis of (substituted ylidene)(2‐oxoindolylidene)thiocarbohydrazones and bis(2‐oxoindolylidene)urea was achieved by the reaction of (substituted ylidene)thiocarbonohydrazides with isatylidene malononitrile. Rational for this conversation involving the nucleophilic additions on the dicyanomethylene carbon atom is presented. The structures of the products have been confirmed by using spectral and single‐crystal X‐ray analyses.
Assessing the importance of spatio‐temporal RCM resolution when estimating sub‐daily extreme precipitation under current and future climate conditions
Authors: Sunyer M. A. , Luchner J. , Onof C. , Madsen H. , Arnbjerg‐Nielsen K.
Published: May 2016

The increase in extreme precipitation is likely to be one of the most significant impacts of climate change in cities due to increased pluvial flood risk. Hence, reliable information on changes in sub‐daily extreme precipitation is needed for robust adaptation strategies. This study explores extreme precipitation over Denmark generated by the regional climate model (RCM) HIRHAM‐ECEARTH at different spatial resolutions (8, 12, 25 and 50 km), three RCM from the RiskChange project at 8 km resolution and three RCMs from ENSEMBLES at 25 km resolution at temporal aggregations from 1 to 48 h. The performance of the RCM simulations in current climate as well as projected changes for 2081–2100 is evaluated for non‐central moments of order 1–3 and for the 2‐ and 10‐year events. The comparison of the RCM simulations and observations shows that the higher spatial resolution simulations (8 and 12 km) are more consistent across all temporal aggregations in the representation of high‐order moments and extreme precipitation. The biases in the spatial pattern of extreme precipitation change across temporal and spatial resolution. The hourly extreme value distributions of the HIRHAM‐ECEARTH simulations are more skewed than the observational dataset, which leads to an overestimation by the higher spatial resolution simulations. Nevertheless, in general, under current conditions RCM simulations at high spatial resolution represent extreme events and high‐order moments better. The changes projected by the RCM simulations depend on the global climate model (GCM)–RCM combination, spatial resolution and temporal aggregation. The simulations disagree on the magnitude and spatial pattern of the changes. However, there is an agreement on higher changes for lower temporal aggregation and higher spatial resolution. Overall, the results from this study show the influence of the spatial resolution on the precipitation outputs from RCMs. The biases of the RCM simulations increase, and the projected changes decrease for decreasing spatial resolution of the simulations. This points towards the need for high spatial and temporal resolution RCMs to obtain reliable information on changes in sub‐daily extreme precipitation.
Perioperative prostaglandin e1 infusion in living donor liver transplantation: A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized trial
Authors: Bharathan Viju Kumar , Chandran Biju , Gopalakrishnan Unnikrishnan , Varghese Christi Titus , Menon Ramachandran N. , Balakrishnan Dinesh , Sudheer O. V. , Dhar Puneet , Surendran Sudhindran
Published: May 2016

The role of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion in improving early graft function has not been well defined, especially in the scenario of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We designed a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial to evaluate the role of perioperative PGE1 infusion in LDLT. Patients in the study arm received PGE1 (alprostadil) at the rate of 0.25 μg/kg/hour, starting at 1 hour after portal venous reperfusion, and continued for 96 hours. The primary endpoint was early allograft dysfunction (EAD). We analyzed multiple secondary endpoints including postoperative liver function and renal function parameters, acute kidney injury (AKI), hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), postoperative bleeding, overall mortality, and posttransplant hospital stay. The incidence of EAD was lower in the PGE1 arm, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (22.4% versus 36%; P = 0.21). Among the secondary endpoints, the incidence of AKI was significantly lower in the PGE1 arm (8.2% versus 28%; P = 0.02), as were the peak and mean postoperative creatinine levels. The need for renal replacement therapy was similar between the 2 groups. Among the postoperative graft function parameters, postoperative alanine aminotransferase level was significantly lower in the PGE1 arm (P = 0.04), whereas the remaining parameters including serum bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and international normalized ratio were similar between the 2 arms. There was no difference in the incidence of HAT and postoperative bleeding, in‐hospital mortality, and posttransplant hospital stay between the 2 arms. Perioperative PGE1 infusion reduces the incidence of posttransplant renal dysfunction in patients undergoing LDLT. Liver Transplantation 22 1067–1074 2016 AASLD
Injection Molding Micro‐ and Nanostructures in Thermoplastic Elastomers
Authors: Stormonth‐Darling John M. , Saeed Anwer , Reynolds Paul M. , Gadegaard Nikolaj
Published: May 2016

Flexible polymers such as poly dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) can be patterned at the micro‐ and nanoscale by casting, for a variety of applications. This replication‐based fabrication process is relatively cheap and fast, yet injection molding offers an even faster and cheaper alternative to PDMS casting, provided thermoplastic polymers with similar mechanical properties can be used. In this paper, a thermoplastic polyurethane is evaluated for its patterning ability with an aim to forming the type of flexible structures used to measure and modulate the contractile forces of cells in tissue engineering experiments. The successful replication of grating structures is demonstrated with feature sizes as low as 100 nm and an analysis of certain processing conditions that facilitate and enhance the accuracy of this replication is presented. The results are benchmarked against an optical storage media grade polycarbonate.

image
Oculomandibular Tremor and Bilateral Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration
Authors: Fernández Jennifer , García‐García Antonio , Valle Natalia , Infante Jon
Published: May 2016

View Supplementary Video 1
Prenatal counselling for congenital anomalies: a systematic review
Authors: Marokakis Sarah , Kasparian Nadine A. , Kennedy Sean E.
Published: May 2016

Objective

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies may arouse fear, anxiety and distress in parents, and counselling may assist parents to cope with the diagnosis. This systematic review aimed to (1) synthesise the evidence on the impact of non‐genetic, prenatal counselling after fetal diagnosis of a congenital anomaly on parental knowledge and psychological adjustment and (2) identify parents' preferences for the timing and format of counselling.

Method

Five electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies assessing prenatal counselling provided to parents after prenatal diagnosis of one or more structural congenital anomalies. Data were extracted using predefined data forms, according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses guidelines, and synthesised.

Result

Twenty four articles were included for review; most articles reported results of retrospective surveys and the quality of included studies was variable. Only three studies assessed parental anxiety, and each reported a significant decrease in anxiety following prenatal counselling. Parents expressed a preference for counselling on all aspects of their baby's anomaly as soon as possible after prenatal diagnosis, and desired written, visual and web‐based information resources, and support group contacts.

Conclusion

Although prenatal counselling reduced parental anxiety, further research is needed to adequately assess the impact of prenatal counselling on other psychological outcomes. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Propofol Use for Toxin‐Related Seizures
Authors: Cantrell F. Lee , Wardi Gabriel , O'Connell Charles
Published: May 2016

Background

The use of propofol as treatment of toxin‐induced seizures is unclear. The goal of this study was to characterize the use of propofol for toxin‐related seizures as reported to a statewide poison system.

Methods

This study was a retrospective review of the electronic records from a poison control system from 2009 to 2012. Inclusion criteria were patient age (≥ 18 yrs) and cases coded with “seizure” that contained the term “propofol.” The age, sex, reported toxin(s) involved, recurrence of seizure activity following/during propofol use, and mortality were extracted.

Results

Records review identified 235 poisoning cases, all of which involved adjunctive therapy with propofol. The age range was 18–82 years (53% female). A total of 155 different toxins were identified. Recurrent seizures occurred in 15.7% (n=37) of cases following propofol administration. The mortality rate was 6.8% (n=16) in cases with known outcomes.

Conclusions

Propofol is being used as an anticonvulsant in poisoned patients and appears to have some utility as an adjunct in terminating toxin‐related seizures once airway control has been established. Less clear, however, is at what point propofol therapy should be initiated. Prospective controlled studies are warranted to identify the role of propofol in controlling toxin‐induced seizures.