bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical pension indicators: Cross-country comparisons and methodology for Russia
Authors:   Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, Gorlin Y.M. , Salmina A.A. ,   Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia, Lyashok V.Y. ,   Institute for Social Analysis and Forecasting, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

The article proposes a system of empirical indicators for Russia, taking into account the analysis of foreign and Russian approaches to assessing the adequacy of the level of pension provision. One group of the indicators, designed for crosscountry comparisons, is based on the methodology of the European Commission. The results of calculations of the proposed indicators on Russian data are presented, which made it possible to compare the level of pensions in Russia and European Union countries. The article defines the limitations of indicators for cross-country comparisons in terms of assessing the level of pension payments within the Russian system of compulsory pension insurance. For more adequate assessment of the adequacy of payments, the second group of indicators was developed that take into account the particularities of the Russian pension system. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach to the assessment of empirical indicators is that they are focused primarily on assessing the adequacy of the actual pension payments in terms of fulfilling the functions assigned to them - protection from poverty, compensation (replacement) of wages and ensuring the balance of income. The authors propose to evaluate these indicators not only on the data of population surveys, as is most common in foreign practice, but also on the administrative data of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation.
World capital flows under global instability
Authors: Kvashnina I.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the changes in the cross-border capital flows that have taken place in recent years, including those caused by COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis.   Negative trends in the movement of foreign direct investment are noted and the prospects for their growth are analyzed. Considering the measures of economic policy in relation to investment, the author comes to the conclusion that the role of the state will inevitably strengthen, as well as that of  international institutions.
Senegal: Train more providers in postabortion care
Authors:   Frontiers in Reproductive Health
Published: December 2021

Recognizing unsafe abortion as a serious health problem, the government of Senegal adopted a national health strategy in 1997 that aims to halve the number of unsafe abortions by 2001. In 1997, the Center for Training and Research in Reproductive Health (CEFOREP) and the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic (CGO) at Le Dantec University Teaching Hospital in Dakar introduced new clinical techniques to improve emergency treatment for women with complications from miscarriage or abortion. CGO and two other teaching hospitals served as pilot sites. Physicians, nurses, and midwives at the three sites received training in manual vacuum aspiration, family planning, and counseling. To measure the impact of the training, CEFOREP interviewed 320 women receiving emergency treatment and 204 providers before the intervention, and 543 patients and 175 providers after. This brief states that improving postabortion care services can result in shorter hospital stays, decreased patient costs, better communication between providers and patients, increased acceptance of contraceptive use by women treated for abortion or miscarriage, and that local anesthesia is needed for pain control.
Continuity or Rupture? Further Thoughts on the ‘Classical Revolution’ (2500+ Years after Salamis)
Authors: Stewart Andrew
Published: December 2021

In the last half-dozen years, the early fifth-century BC ‘Classical Revolution’ in Greek sculpture and painting has become ‘hot’ again. Did it develop gradually, incrementally, and logically out of the Archaic, or emerge quite suddenly (if so, when?), or involve some combination of both? Since chronology drives the debate, as usual in the study of ancient material culture, to restate some basic principles seems appropriate.
Sicilian Theatres with Paraskenia Scene Buildings: An Updated Framework for their Chronological Integration
Authors: Panagiotonakou Maria
Published: December 2021

Hellenistic theatre in Magna Graecia and Sicily differs in morphology from its contemporaries in Greece and Asia Minor. Since the beginning of the previous century, scholars have developed a discussion on a variety of issues in their attempt to better understand the architectural evolution of the Sicilian stone theatres, and in particular of their scene building. The most apparent and persistent problems lie in the uncertainty of dating and the morphology of each of the scene buildings. That is due to various difficulties that will be discussed further into this article. Over the last 100 years, this broad discussion has led to very different conclusions and interpretive proposals, especially regarding the dating of the original construction, the identification of the various building phases of these theatres, and the reconstruction proposals for their scene buildings. The issue of dating is related to the issue of the Romanization of Sicily and so far, it has been one of the most problematic chapters in the history of the island. Researchers evaluate differently both archaeological finds and historical sources, thus resulting in divergent interpretations of the significance of this period in the history of Sicily.
Port and Harbour Networks in Crete during Late Antiquity (4th – mid-7th c. AD): A Modern Approach
Authors: Roussos Konstantinos
Published: December 2021

Ports and harbours were of paramount importance for past human societies, since they played multiple roles in many different historical periods. In recent decades, port and harbour studies in archaeology have moved towards a social and economic approach, focusing on the localized meanings of these infrastructures as well as on various key topics including human-environmental interaction, material culture, settlement systems, human behavior and action, identity, ideology, communication networks and trade, war and peace, and technological evolution, etc. Especially in the context of the Mediterranean islands, ports and harbours have played vital roles in wider social, economic, and political networks. Crete, which was diachronically a diverse and interactive insular world within the Eastern Mediterranean, offers a fertile ground for investigating meticulously a wide range of key topics related to ports and harbours in Late Antiquity (the 4th – mid-7th centuries AD).
Church Construction as a Proxy for Economic Development: the Medieval Settlement Expansion Phase in the Peloponnese
Authors: Papadaki Maria
Published: December 2021

The Peloponnese, with its diverse and varied landscapes, positioned at the crossroads of land and sea connections between West and East, and having a rich archaeological and historical heritage, is one of the most significant regions of the Mediterranean world. Yet, while the special qualities of the region’s landscape are well known to geologists and environmentalists, the evolution of its historical sites and landscapes is much less understood. There has been a prioritization of certain periods, sites, and types of data – with a tendency to focus on the Classical and earlier periods – which has resulted in a disparity in the evidence collected for the various periods of its past. The importance of the medieval landscape is fundamental, as during this period the structure of the modern natural and cultural landscape took shape, such as the patterns of agricultural exploitation and settlement distribution. The medieval landscape formed a dynamic backdrop to people’s daily lives, providing the basis for their sense of place and identity.
Public vs Private: The Four Categories of Open-Air Spaces at the Late Minoan IIIC Middle Settlement at Monastiraki – Halasmenos (­Ierapetra, Crete)
Authors: Rupp David W.
Published: December 2021

On the eastern side of the Isthmus of Ierapetra (Crete), just to the north of the village of Monastiraki, and immediately to the south of the mouth of the Ha Gorge, is situated the Late Minoan IIIC (LM IIIC) settlement of Monastiraki – Halasmenos (Tsipopoulou 2011a, 323). It is one of six sites excavated in the northern part of the Isthmus (Figure 1) which were occupied at some point during the 12th century BC (Kavousi – Kastro, Kavousi – Vronda, Kavousi – Azoria, Monastiraki – Katalimata and Vasiliki – Kephala).
Reinterpreting the Diachronic Variations in the Numbers of Burials Known from Early Iron Age Athens
Authors: Rönnberg Maximilian F.
Published: December 2021

The number of burials per year known from Athens decreases significantly in the Protogeometric period and then increases rapidly again in the Late Geometric period. The explanation offered for this development by Morris in 1987 is the most popular one so far. This paper will first quickly discuss this and other previous ideas and their wider implications, but then focus on providing a new one. The starting point of this new interpretation is that various types of burial sites may have different recovery rates. I will thus first sketch the different possibilities for the location of graves in Athens in the Early Iron Age and the Archaic period. The subsequent diachronic analysis of these different types of burial sites and their respective popularity forms the core of this contribution. A case study of the Kerameikos and the area of the later Agora as well as an overview of all Athenian sites is provided. These developments and their correspondences in the grave count allow for an interpretation which does account for the variations in the known numbers of graves as well as the changing spatial patterns. This is finally set into the wider field of socio-cultural changes in Early Athens.
Antioxidant activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Tagetes erecta L. leaves
Authors: ERENLER Ramazan , GEÇER Esma Nur , GENÇ Nusret , YANAR Dürdane
Published: December 2021

Tagetes erecta yaprakları yaklaşık 55°C de 2 saat ısıtıldı ve daha sonra filtre edildi. Ham özüt elde etmek için süzülmüş çözeltinin bir miktarının çözücüsü döner buharlaştırıcı ile uzaklaştırıldı. Diğer filtre edilmiş çözelti, gümüş nitrat çözeltisi ile 60°C da 2 saat etkileştirilerek gümüş nanopartiküller (te-AgNPs) elde edildi. te-AgNPs yapısı spektroskopik yöntemlerle aydınlatıldı. te-AgNPs’ın karakteristik hidroksil titreşimi, Fourier Transform Infrared Spektroskopisi (FTIR) spektrumunda 3214 cm-1 de gözlendi. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spektrofotometre ile maksimim absorbsiyon 422 nm de gözlendi. Taramalı Elektron Mikroskop (SEM) spektral analizi ile de istenilen ürünün ortalama büyüklüğü 46.26 nm olarak belirlendi. X-Işını Kırımı (XRD) spektrumu, te-AgNPs’ın yüzey merkezli kübik kristal yapısında olduğunu ortaya koydu. Özüt ve te-AgNPs örneklerinin antioksidan aktivite testleri yapıldı ve te-AgNPs örneği, 23.80 (IC50, µgml-1), 4.46 (IC50, µgml-1), ve 2.79 (µmolmg-1 örnek) değerleri ile sırasıyla önemli derecede 2,2-Difenil-1-pikrilhidraliz (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfonat) (ABTS) ve İndirgeyici Antioksidan Gücü (FRAP) aktivitesi gösterdi.
Contaria-vos as muy grandes tormentas que sofreu o moço...
Authors: Gutiérrez del Arroyo Paloma , Vilas Manuel
Published: December 2021

A cantiga 115, coas súas 30 estrofas, é coñecida tradicionalmente como a máis extensa do corpus marial afonsino. Nela relátase o milagre dun neno que viaxa durante varios anos buscando a salvación antes da chegada do Demo para levalo consigo, anunciada para ao seu décimo quinto aniversario. Para este concerto, acometeuse o reto de facer atractiva unha peza tan especial coma esta a unha audiencia actual, se cadra non sempre afeita á súa linguaxe, ao contido, á lonxitude da súa narración e á súa melodía estrófica. A Real Academia Galega agradece a colaboración para a elaboración deste programa de man de Ricardo Pichel e da comisión organizadora do Congreso «Contarte he maravillas...». Congreso internacional de estudios medievales hispánicos en honor a Joseph T. Snow (Madrid, 25-29 de outubro de 2021).
Hedeggerian Thinking and The Role of Memory in Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale
Authors: Beloufa Chahra
Published: December 2021

Heidegger’s existentialism goes beyond the limits of the human brain’s functioning where thinking is more than what rationality may generate. In his essay “What is called Thinking?” Heidegger mentions that thinking and thanking are related. This relationship is clarified in Margaret Visser’s The Gift of Thanks, where she describes gratitude emphasizing the role of memory in expressing it. On this basis, one explores how thanking is performed in Shakespeare’s Winter’s Tale examining both memory and thinking interferences in the course of the characters’ thanking. Leontes sudden jealousy makes him loose all positive thoughts imprisoning Hermione, who expects reward having but obeyed his wishes to convince his friend to stay. After the trial scene, Paulina brings Leontes' recollections into life; by enumerating his wife's amiable personality. In act five, the remorseful king blames himself for his ingratitude. One considers this as the recovery of his memory since “both memory and thanks move their being in the thanc” as Heidegger asserts it. The final scene proves one’s assumption, that to thank is to think where Leontes thanks Paulina graciously by marrying her to his most honest servant Camillo. In short, to utter “thankfulessness would be thoughtlessness”
Study of Variability and Genetic Diversity of 50% Heading Date and Seed Yield in Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors: Dipti Rownok Jahan , Khaleque MA
Published: December 2021

The present investigation involves study of variability and genetic diversity of few developmental characters such as date of maximum flower per plant (DMF), number of seeds per plant (NSPP) and seed weight per plant (SWPP) in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). These three quantitative characters were studied in 24 lines and three years under different environmental conditions. The model proposed by Perkins and Jinks was followed in this study. In the analysis, greater portion of total phenotypic variation (s2p) appeared to be due to the environmental variations (s2e). The highest heritability (h2 b) (0.8181) was found for SWPP, while the highest genetic advance (G.A.=172.5508), high genetic advance of percentage (G.A.%=332.5627) and high genetic co-efficient of variability (G.C.V.=161.4381) were estimated in NSPP. The present investigation deals with the analysis of phenotypic, genotypic and environmental co-efficient of variability, range, mean with standard error, heritability (in broad sense), genetic advance and genetic advance of percentage. Genetic co-efficient of variability was very much pronounced and varied from treatment to treatment, year to year and lines to lines for all the characters, which indicates that the characters were quantitative in nature and under polygenic control. Therefore, further research would be undertaken for improving the characters of this pulse.

South Asian J. Agric., 7(1&2): 1-5
Planting Date Affects Growth and Yield Performance of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)
Authors: Sultana Jinat , Mannan Md Abdul , Kamal Uddin Khan Shamim Ahmed , Kamal Md Mostofa
Published: December 2021

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different planting time on the growth and yield of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) at the Germplasm Centre of Agrotechnology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, from September, 2016 to March, 2017. There were four planting times included in the experiment viz., T1: 15 October, T2: 15 November, T3: 15 December, and T4: 15 January. Data were collected on plant height (cm), number of leaves per plant, leaf length and breadth (cm), curd size (cm), individual plant weight (kg) and yield (t/ha). The tallest plant (81.20 cm), maximum number of leaves (23.60), leaf length (64.40 cm), leaf breadth (24.60 cm) and also curd length (19.80 cm) and breadth (18.00 cm) were recorded from the treatment T2 (November planting). The economic (67.08 t/ha) and biological yield (87.88 t/ha) were also found to be the highest in the treatment T2 (November planting) followed by the highest benefit cost ratio (2.15). Therefore, the planting of cauliflower could be done during November in Khulna region to ensure better growth and yield with better economic return.

South Asian J. Agric., 7(1&2): 25-29
Surface analysis of latex and silicone pacifier nipples after exposure to acidic artificial saliva: a pilot study
Authors: Vieira Thiago Isidro , Andrade Kira Maria de Sousa , Lima Thayana Maria Navarro Ribeiro de , Martins Mariana Leonel , Sousa Simone Alves de , Batista André Ulisses Dantas
Published: December 2021

Objective: To measure surface changes of pacifier nipples after immersion in acidic artificial saliva. Methods: Two types of pacifier nipples (latex and silicone) were selected. Five copies of each type were used. The protocol consisted of immersion in acidic artificial saliva (pH = 5.97) for 16 days. The nipples of the pacifier remained in direct contact with saliva in an individualized, opaque and closed container in a bacteriological incubator at 37ºC. The samples were examined before and after exposure to saliva through qualitative (based on images obtained in a 100 mm macro lens and three-dimensional images with 10% amplification obtained in the profilometry) and quantitative (roughness data obtained in non-contact 3D optical profilometry). Data were obtained in duplicate and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings were tested for normality (Shapiro-Wilk). Paired t-test or Wilcoxon was used to compare before and after roughness data. Results: In the image analysis, it was observed that only the surface of the latex pacifier's nipples showed an irregular appearance after exposure to saliva. In the quantitative evaluation, no differences were found between the roughness values before and after (p>0.05). Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrated qualitative changes in the surface of latex pacifiers. However, it was not able to demonstrate statistically significant differences for the roughness parameters before and after exposure to acidic artificial saliva in the nipples of latex and silicone pacifiers.
Formação inicial do enfermeiro quanto a temática saúde sexual e reprodutiva: revisão integrativa
Authors: Brasileiro Alessandra Leão , Lourinho Lídia Andrade
Published: December 2021

As questões que envolvem saúde sexual e reprodutiva são pouco ou mesmo não são abordadas pelo fato de que os profissionais de saúde referem dificuldades em abordar essa temática e, além do desconforto em falar da sexualidade ou da saúde sexual de seus pacientes, muitos deles não se sentem preparados para exercer esse cuidado. Essa revisão integrativa trata-se de um recorte de uma dissertação. É uma reflexão sistematizada sobre o desenvolvimento de estratégias de articulação entre o mundo do trabalho, da aprendizagem e da sociedade, a partir do reconhecimento de avanços, fragilidades e fortalezas do atual modelo de atenção à saúde tendo como eixo central princípios do SUS e a necessidade de inovação das práticas e da formação em saúde. O objetivo é caracterizar pesquisas que abordem a temática saúde sexual e reprodutiva e que relacione com a formação inicial do enfermeiro. É necessário incentivos a pesquisa e a aplicabilidade sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva, principalmente com a atualização da nomenclatura e o propósito no que significa o termo garantindo a dignidade e os direitos sexuais e reprodutivos da população. Foi possível concluir que é irrisório a quantidade de artigos que contemplam a termologia saúde sexual e reprodutiva, deixando claro o desfalque nesse assunto que é tão relevante para Saúde Pública.  Mesmo assim, as publicações relevantes para a temática são de predominância das pesquisas voltadas para os profissionais da saúde e/ou para a população.
Economic impact of biomaterials for bone regeneration in Brazil during the pandemic
Authors: Araújo Lana Karine , Maciel Jacques Antonio Cavalcante , Melo Marcelo Miranda de , Castro-Silva Igor Iuco
Published: December 2021

Implantable devices are therapeutic options for oral rehabilitation, with several presentations available in the dental consumption market. The consumption power of health products is a little explored in the literature, particularly in the face of financial crises. The aim of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of biomaterials for bone regeneration in Brazil during the pandemic. A quantitative study was carried out through online document analysis, with publicly accessible secondary data extracted from IBGE and websites for the sale of dental products. Data collection in the second quarter of 2020 and 2021 of absolute values ​​of products, official GDP data and population estimates allowed the generation of a biomaterial/income coefficient. The categories obtained from grafts and membranes were stratified by composition, origin and industry. Statistical analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess normality, the non-parametric Kruskall-Wallis test to compare the means of variables and the Wilcoxon test for paired samples of medians according to the two periods, considering significant differences if p <0.05. Of 97 products analyzed, a higher frequency of bone grafts than barrier membranes was observed, with an average growth of 18.5% in the price of biomaterials, below 28.7% of GDP in the same period. The highest prevalence of biomaterials was the ceramic composition for bone grafts and resorbable polymeric for membranes, from the xenogenous source and Brazilian industry. There was a chronological decrease in the biomaterial/income coefficient in most categories, with a drop in the general average from 4.67±4.40% to 4.30±3.96%, accompanied by an increase in the median, demonstrating a trend towards homogeneity of this coefficient in the comparison between years. The drop in the coefficient indicates a greater purchasing power of biomaterials by the potential consumer. Market knowledge can contribute for the decision making in clinical planning involving bone regeneration.
Parto humanizado: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza Amanda Oliveira , Chicarino Viviane Duarte , Araújo Andrey Hudson Interaminense Mendes de
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar e identificar as principais dificuldades encontradas durante o atendimento a parturientes e apresentar metodologias de educação continuada. Métodos: Estudo de revisão integrativa, buscando analisar estudos científicos acerca da percepção da enfermagem no atendimento humanizado. Resultados: Criado um quadro síntese contendo 23 artigos para serem analisados; 09 deles analisou-se a importância em preparar a mulher desde o início da gestação. 03 com objetivo de avaliar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros técnico e científico adequado para a assistência. 05 no que se refere a vincular conhecimento, melhorar a qualidade da assistência humanizada pela equipe de enfermagem incluindo a mulher. 06 como sugestão de educação continuada e capacitação profissional. Conclusão: para minimizar os erros cometidos durante a atuação e garantir o sucesso de uma assistência qualificada da equipe, depende de diversos fatores individuais e coletivos. O enfermeiro como gestor principal de cada unidade, deve ter a preocupação de instaurar educação continuada para sua equipe, implementar protocolos de assistência ao cuidado humanizado, e realizar o papel de fiscalizador contínuo.
Avaliação do equilíbrio, funcionalidade e qualidade de vida em idosos institucionalizados, comunitários e domiciliados da cidade de Erechim
Authors: Mazon Tatiana Cláudia , Bohrer Kátia Irene , Perez Fabrízzio Martin Pelle , Malysz Karine Angélica , Castro Márcia Bairros de
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar e correlacionar o equilíbrio, funcionalidade e qualidade de vida em idosos institucionalizados, comunitários e domiciliados da cidade de Erechim. Métodos: Foram aplicados os seguintes testes: Para avaliação do estado cognitivo foi utilizado o Mini Exame do Estado Mental; para avaliação do equilíbrio corporal foi utilizado a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg, e o teste Timed up and go; o Índice de Barthel utilizado para avaliação de funcionalidade e para a avaliação de qualidade de vida o instrumento empregado foi o WHOQOL-BREF. A análise dos dados foi coletada através de estatística descritiva e inferencial e os dados representados através de gráficos e tabelas com média e percentual. Foi aplicado a Análise de Variância (ANOVA), com p≤ 0,05 e os testes de análise de Correlação não paramétrica de Spearman e de Correlação de Pearson dos grupos, considerando-se significativo p<0,05. Resultados: Para a Escala de Berg houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos 1, 2 e 3 quando realizado o teste de ANOVA. Quando aplicado no WHOQOL-BREF, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para percepção de qualidade de vida. Também houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para o domínio psicológico e para o domínio meio ambiente. Conclusão: Pode se concluir que uma vida ativa e interativa reflete no envelhecimento, promovendo uma melhor qualidade de vida.
Effect of water temperature on frog virus 3 disease in hatchery-reared pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus
Authors: Stilwell NK , Frasca S , Farina LL , Subramaniam K , Imnoi K , Viadanna PH , Hopper L , Powell J , Colee J , Waltzek TB
Published: December 2021

Ranaviruses are large double-stranded DNA viruses within the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) that are being detected with increasing frequency among aquacultured and wild fishes. In the USA, multiple sturgeon hatcheries have experienced ranavirus epizootics resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in young-of-year (YOY). Significant economic losses have resulted from repeated outbreaks of frog virus 3 (FV3), the type species for the genus Ranavirus, in YOY pallid sturgeon Scaphirhynchus albus reared at a hatchery within the Missouri River Basin. Water temperature and stocking density are known to influence the severity of ranavirus disease in ectothermic vertebrates. To determine the effect of water temperature on ranavirus disease in hatchery-raised S. albus, we conducted FV3 challenges at 2 temperatures (17 and 23°C) and compared cumulative survival over a 28 d study period. A mean (±SE) survival rate of 57.5 ± 13.2% was observed in replicate tanks of sturgeon maintained at 23°C, whereas no mortality was observed among sturgeon maintained at 17°C. In a second challenge study, we compared the effect of water temperature on disease progression by regularly sampling fish over the study period and evaluating lesions by histopathology and in situ hybridization, and by assessing viral titer and load in external and internal tissues using virus isolation and qPCR, respectively. Results suggest that temperature manipulation may be an effective mitigation strategy that sturgeon hatcheries can employ to minimize ranavirus-associated disease.
Myanmar Political Instability: A Threat to Southeast Asia Stability
Authors: Manurung Hendra
Published: December 2021

This research aims to explain current Myanmar political instability due to the recent military coup d’état on February 1, 2021 led by General Senior Min Aung Hlaing follow with Aung San Suu Kyi and other pro-democracy elite leaders arrests. Domestically, up to present time, after the military coup, most Burmese supporters of Myanmar's democratization such medical doctors, teachers, traders, civilian political leaders, and university students balked and staged massive demonstrations against the military coup and demanded the return of civilian government authority by the military junta government. This research revealed that this unexpected Myanmar phenomenal political situation has impact on Southeast Asia regional security and ASEAN Unity.
REZIM KEAMANAN MARITIM DALAM PENANGANAN PEMBAJAKAN KAPAL DI SELAT MALAKA
Authors: Oktavian Riskey
Published: December 2021

Abstract

This article describes the form and performance of the Malacca Straits Patrol (MSP) cooperation as a maritime security regime in dealing with maritime piracy in the Straits of Malacca in the year 2008-2020. It is explored and analyzed using a theoretical approach of maritime security regimes, with the concept of maritime piracy, and the concept of maritime security. The research method used is qualitative based on case study and descriptive analysis. Sources of data were obtained from interviews and documentation with validated through triangulation of data sources and negative case analysis. The results of the study found the maritime piracy in the Straits of Malacca led to the development of dynamic threat perspective between littoral states and non-littoral user states depending on the priority of each states maritime interests to the strategic value of the Malacca Strait. This prompted the establishment of the Malacca Straits Patrol (MSP) cooperation as a form of maritime security regime with a cooperative security mechanism that has principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures aimed at dealing with maritime piracy of Malacca Strait through four programs: (1) Malacca Straits Sea Patrol (MSSP); (2) Eyes in the Sky Combined Maritime Air Patrols (EiS-CMAP); (3) Malacca Straits Patrol Intelligence Exchange Group (MSP-IEG); and (4) the Malacca Straits Patrol Joint Coordination Committee (MSP-JCC). It has a low level of effectiveness performance as the output product of the regime make outcome changes in the collective behavior of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand that optimum comply with a few rules of the game in the implementation of the MSSP, EiS CMAP, MSP-IEG, and MSP-JCC programs, because hampered by lack of capability and mutual mistrust. The results of these performances made the operationalization of the MSP regime to minimum, resulting in the unresolved problem of maritime piracy of the Malacca Strait according to the objectives MSP regime. Recommends for extending MSP to Strait of Singapore; increased capability of MSSP and EiS-CMAP; review the transparency information exchange of MSP-IEG; and increasing awareness and financial support, equipment, and training from interested non-littoral actors to littoral actors to make MSP more effective in dealing with piracy in the Straits of Malacca.

 

Keywords : Straits of Malacca; Maritime Piracy; Maritime Security; Malacca Straits Patrol; Maritime Security Regime
THE FORMS AND METHODS OF ART DISCIPLINES' TEACHING UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF DISTANCE LEARNING
Authors: XIE YUDING , RUBLEVSKA NATALIIA , MARKOVYCH MARIYA , MATSYSHYNA ZOIA , VOLSKA SVITLANA , TIUTIUNNYK IRYNA
Published: December 2021

This article describes the development of forms and methods of art disciplines’ teaching under the conditions of distance learning. The main aim of the research is to develop recommendations for the artistic disciplines' teaching by educational institutions under the conditions of distance learning. To achieve this goal during the research, the following tasks will be carried out: - substantiation of the relevance of the study under the conditions of quarantine restrictions; - critical analysis of the literature on the development of the form and methods of teaching art disciplines; - the features of online work, and the features of work under the conditions of distance learning in higher education institutions. To conduct empirical research aimed at confirming the effectiveness of the developed teaching forms, we surveyed a group of students. It allowed proving the hypothesis that distance learning can be effective. The article contains recommendations for lecture classes, the organization of independent and group work, and other types of distance learning. The main direction of the development of teaching artistic disciplines is the development of educational technologies within the virtual environment. The developed forms and methods of distance learning are expedient to use both in the work with full-time students and the work with extramural students, attracting the possibilities of web-conferencing and communication using Skype, which forms the practical significance of the research.
Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Sexual Behavior and Reproductive Parameters in Chronically Stressed-Male Rats
Authors: KELESTIMUR H , BULMUS O , SERHATLIOGLU I , ERCAN Z , OZER KAYA S , YARDIMCI A , ULKER N , KACAR E , CANPOLAT S
Published: December 2021

Exposure to chronic stress stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and then simultaneously inhibits hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) axis activity. The inhibition formed by the HPA axis is the main mechanism of action of stress on reproductive function. HPG axis activity is known to be changed by various factors, including exercise. Exercise has been found to have a number of positive effects on sexual behavior, reproductive hormones, and sperm parameters in studies with animal models for many years. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of chronic treadmill exercise on chronically stressed-male rats’ sexual behavior, reproductive hormones, and sperm parameters. A total of 40 sexually adult male rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups as control, stress, exercise, and stress+exercise. Animals in the exercise group were subjected to the chronic treadmill exercise (moderate intensity) for 33 days with a periodic increase in speed and duration. Animals in the stress group were exposed to restraint stress for 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h during the first, second and third 15 days respectively. Sexual behavior parameters, hormone measurements, and sperm parameters were evaluated. The main effects of chronic exercise on sexual behavior were centered on a significant increase in the ejaculation frequency (EF) in the stress+exercise group. Also, sperm concentration and motility in the stress group significantly decreased, and then sperm motility was improved by exercise in the stress+exercise group. In sum, our results show that chronic treadmill exercise may improve the adverse effects of chronic stress on sexual behavior and sperm parameters in male rats in terms of some parameters.
That Gut Feeling: The Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Depression Among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Brant J. Chapman Brant J. Chapman , Graham B. Jones Graham B. Jones
Published: December 2021

There is mounting evidence of an associative link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and clinical depression. In the first major treatise on the eponymous disease, Burrill Crohn himself noted that: “The number of cases of ileitis that have been rescued from institutions for the treatment of mental diseases emphasises not the personality but the end results of the drain of the disease upon the psychic constitution of the sufferer.” In the 70 years since that prescient statement, a high incidence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (depression, anxiety, cognitive fatigue, and sleep disorders) in patients with IBD has been frequently observed. Since patients with depression have significantly increased rates of relapse, surgery, hospitalisation, and suicide, recognising and treating depression is of paramount importance. In this narrative review, the authors will trace some of the biochemical connections between intestinal inflammation and neuropsychiatric symptoms and focus on strategies to manage both. Additionally, the authors offer a cautionary reflection on the extant need for widespread screening for depression among patients with IBD.
MMT na periferia:quais os limites ao policy space das economias emergentes?
Authors: Magalhães Prates Daniela
Published: December 2021

Esta nota toma como ponto de partida o artigo “As Falhas da Modern Money Theory (MMT)” - de autoria de Ricardo Carneiro e publicado neste número da BKR – para explorar as limitações da MMT na análise do policy space dos países periféricos que se inseriram na globalização financeira no início dos anos 1990, se convertendo em economias emergentes.
Brasil na Contramão do Mundo: Mudanças no Padrão de Exportações entre 2016-2020
Authors: Prates Romero João , Evelyn de Carvalho Danielle , Ribeiro Queiroz Arthur , Eustáquio de Moura Lopes Ciro
Published: December 2021

Ao contrário da Europa e dos Estados Unidos, o atual governo do Brasil segue uma estratégia decrescimento focada em setores primários e baseados em recursos naturais, que estão associados a maiorintensidade de emissões de gases de efeito estufa e maior degradação ambiental, em detrimento de setoresde maior intensidade tecnológica, que geram mais crescimento com menores impactos ambientais. Adiversificação brasileira caiu de 196 indústrias competitivas em 2016 para 167 em 2020. A participaçãodos produtos primários na pauta exportadora aumentou de 37,2% para 44,3% no mesmo período, e ados produtos de média e alta tecnologia caiu de 20,2% para 14,2% e de 5,2% para 3,1%, respectivamente.Observou-se um aumento expressivo na quantidade de madeira bruta e ouro exportados entre 2016 e2020. Esse crescimento gera um alerta de que uma parte dos produtos comercializados possa ser oriundode atividades ilegais.
Characterization and in-vivo toxicological evaluation of imidacloprid nanoemulsion in rats
Authors: El-bendary Helmi M. , Hassan Abdel Moniem S. , Zaki Amr R. , Abo El-Ela Fatma I.
Published: December 2021

Acute pesticide poisoning is an important public health problem worldwide and accounts for a significant number of deaths occurring each year. The present article aimed to investigate toxic effects of imidacloprid (IMD) nanoemulsion formulated using ultrasound dispersion technique, and characterized using FTIR, TEM anddynamic light scattering in adult rats. The synthesized Nano-emulsion droplets are mainly spherical in shape and their sizes ranged between (19nm –128 nm) with zeta potential of −38.8± 0.mV. Also, The median lethal dose (LD50) of nano imidacloprid in rats was 39 mg/kg body weight. Administration of different doses of 3, 1.4 and 0.8 mg.kg mg/kg b.wt. of IMD Nano emulsion to rats for 21 days, adversely affects the body weight and weight gain, and resulted in a significant increase in serum serum ALT, AST activities , glucose, Creatinine, urea and cholesterol concentrations, as well as reduced serum total proteins, Albumin and globulin as compared to control rats. The results clearly suggest that treatment with IMD nanoemulsion adversely affects the liver & kidney functions which confirmed by the histopathological findings. Nanoemulsion form and also increases the DNA damage as confirmed by the comet test
Micropatterned Poly(D,L-Lactide-Co-Caprolactone) Conduits With KHI-Peptide and NGF Promote Peripheral Nerve Repair After Severe Traction Injury
Authors: Yu Xing , Zhang Deteng , Liu Chang , Liu Zhaodi , Li Yujun , Zhao Qunzi , Gao Changyou , Wang Yong
Published: December 2021

Severe traction injuries after stretch to peripheral nerves are common and challenging to repair. The nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) are promising in the regeneration and functional recovery after nerve injuries. To enhance the repair of severe nerve traction injuries, in this study KHIFSDDSSE (KHI) peptides were grafted on a porous and micropatterned poly(D,L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) film (MPLCL), which was further loaded with a nerve growth factor (NGF). The adhesion number of Schwann cells (SCs), ratio of length/width (L/W), and percentage of elongated SCs were significantly higher in the MPLCL-peptide group and MPLCL-peptide-NGF group compared with those in the PLCL group in vitro. The electromyography (EMG) and morphological changes of the nerve after severe traction injury were improved significantly in the MPLCL-peptide group and MPLCL-peptide-NGF group compared with those in the PLCL group in vivo. Hence, the NGCs featured with both bioactive factors (KHI peptides and NGF) and physical topography (parallelly linear micropatterns) have synergistic effect on nerve reinnervation after severe traction injuries.
The RNA Methylation Modification 5-Methylcytosine Impacts Immunity Characteristics, Prognosis and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Gao Li , Chen Ru , Sugimoto Masahiro , Mizuta Masanobu , Zhou Lei , Kishimoto Yo , Huang Xinsheng , Omori Koichi
Published: December 2021

Disorders pertaining to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modifications are involved in the pathological process of many diseases. However, the effect of m5C on the tumorigenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains unclear. In this study, we integrated the genomic and clinical data of 558 OSCC samples to comprehensively evaluate m5C modification patterns. Based on 16 m5C methylation regulators, two m5C modification clusters were identified with distinct tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) characteristics and prognosis in OSCC. We then performed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify m5C modification cluster-related modules. Genes in the selected module were chosen to construct the m5Cscore scoring system for evaluating m5C modification pattern in individual OSCC patients. Patients with a high m5Cscore had higher immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores; lower tumor purity score; lower immune activity; and higher tumor mutational burden. The overall survival rate and progression-free survival rate were markedly worse and the tumor recurrence rate was higher in OSCC patients with a high m5Cscore. Furthermore, patients with oral leukoplakia who also had a high m5Cscore had a higher risk of deterioration to OSCC. This study demonstrated that m5C modification patterns might affect the TIME in OSCC. m5Cscore may provide a new approach for predicting the prognosis and progression of OSCC.
Improved Functional Expression of Cytochrome P450s in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Through Screening a cDNA Library From Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Jiang Lihong , Dong Chang , Liu Tengfei , Shi Yi , Wang Handing , Tao Zeng , Liang Yan , Lian Jiazhang
Published: December 2021

Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are a superfamily of heme-thiolate proteins widely existing in various organisms and play a key role in the metabolic network and secondary metabolism. However, the low expression levels and activities have become the biggest challenge for P450s studies. To improve the functional expression of P450s in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library was expressed in the betaxanthin-producing yeast strain, which functioned as a biosensor for high throughput screening. Three new target genes AtGRP7, AtMSBP1, and AtCOL4 were identified to improve the functional expression of CYP76AD1 in yeast, with accordingly the accumulation of betaxanthin increased for 1.32-, 1.86-, and 1.10-fold, respectively. In addition, these three targets worked synergistically/additively to improve the production of betaxanthin, representing a total of 2.36-fold improvement when compared with the parent strain. More importantly, these genes were also determined to effectively increase the activity of another P450 enzyme (CYP736A167), catalyzing the hydroxylation of α-santalene to produce Z-α-santalol. Simultaneous overexpression of AtGRP7, AtMSBP1, and AtCOL4 increased α-santalene to Z-α-santalol conversion rate for more than 2.97-fold. The present study reported a novel strategy to improve the functional expression of P450s in S. cerevisiae and promises the construction of platform yeast strains for the production of natural products.
Bilateral Differential Topography—A Novel Topographic Algorithm for Keratoconus and Ectatic Disease Screening
Authors: Shen Yang , Xian Yiyong , Han Tian , Wang Xuanqi , Zhou Xingtao
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish a novel bilateral differential topographic algorithm and assess its efficacy for screening of keratoconus and corneal ectasia before corneal refractive surgery.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-one consecutive patients (115 men and 46 women, aged 22.8 ± 6.8 years) with keratoconus, including clinical keratoconus, subclinical keratoconus, forme fruste keratoconus (FFK), and corneal ectasia (KC group) and one hundred and seventy-four consecutive patients (97 men and 77 women, aged 25.1 ± 6.7 years) with ametropia (control group) visiting the Eye and ENT hospital of Fudan University from June 2018 to April 2021 were included. Bilateral differential keratometry, elevation, and pachymetry topographies were composed based on raw topographic data obtained by a Scheimpflug imaging anterior segment analyzer. Key bilateral differential characteristic parameters were calculated. SPSS 20 (SPSS Inc., IBM) was used for statistical analyses and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the diagnostic efficacies.

Results: Mann-Whitney tests detected that the front keratometry, front elevation, corneal pachymetry, and back elevation maximal, mean, and standard deviation values within a 1.5-mm radius of the bilateral differential topography were all significantly higher in the KC group than in the control group (all p-values <0.001). The front keratometry mean (ΔFKmean) and standard deviation (ΔFKsd) and the front elevation standard deviation (ΔFEsd) and maximal (ΔFEmax) values within a 1.5-mm radius of the bilateral differential topography yielded the four highest accuracies (area under the ROC curve = 0.985, 0.985, 0.984, and 0.983, respectively) for discriminating KC cases (including FFK cases) from normal cases. Cut-off values of 0.75 diopters (D) for the ΔFKmean, 0.67 D for the ΔFKsd, 2.9 μm for the ΔFEsd, and 14.6 μm for the ΔFEmax had the highest sensitivities (95.7, 95.0, 96.9, and 95.0%, respectively) and specificities (96.0, 97.7, 94.8, and 95.4%, respectively).

Conclusion: Bilateral differential topographic parameters may be efficient for the early detection of keratoconus and corneal ectasia secondary to corneal refractive surgery. This bilateral differential topographic algorithm may complement conventional diagnostic models by improving the sensitivity and specificity of screening for early keratoconus and ectasia before corneal refractive surgeries.
Screening of Hibiscus and Cinnamomum Plants and Identification of Major Phytometabolites in Potential Plant Extracts Responsible for Apoptosis Induction in Skin Melanoma and Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Kaushik Neha , Oh Hyunji , Lim Yeasol , Kumar Kaushik Nagendra , Nguyen Linh Nhat , Choi Eun Ha , Kim June Hyun
Published: December 2021

Carcinogenesis is a major concern that severely affects the human population. Owing to persistent demand for novel therapies to treat and prohibit this lethal disease, research interest among scientists is drawing its huge focus toward natural products, as they have minimum toxicity comparable with existing treatment methods. The plants produce secondary metabolites, which are known to have the anticancer potential for clinical drug development. Furthermore, the use of nanocarriers could boost the solubility and stability of phytocompounds to obtain site-targeting delivery. The identification of potential phytochemicals in natural compounds would be beneficial for the synthesis of biocompatible nanoemulsions. The present study aimed to investigate the potential cytotoxicity of ethanol extracts of Hibiscus syriacus and Cinnamomum loureirii Nees plant parts on human skin melanoma (G361) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Importantly, biochemical analysis results showed the presence of high phenol (50–55 µgGAE/mg) and flavonoids [42–45 µg quercetin equivalents (QE)/mg] contents with good antioxidant activity (40–58%) in C. loureirii Nees plants extracts. This plant possesses potent antiproliferative activity (60–90%) on the malignant G361 and A549 and cell lines correlated with the production of nitric oxide. Especially, C. loureirii plant extracts have major metabolites that exhibit cancer cell death associated with cell cycle arrest. These findings support the potential application of Cinnamomum for the development of therapeutic nanoemulsion in future cancer therapy.