bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polysome turnover in immobilized cells of Nostoc commune (cyanobacteria) exposed to water stress
Authors: Angeloni S V , Potts M
Published: December 2016

Water stress induced changes in the polysome content of immobilized cells of the desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium Nostoc commune UTEX 584. Cells maintained an intact protein synthesis complex during 2 h of drying at -99.5 MPa. Polysomes were not recovered from cells subjected to extended periods of desiccation.
Secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda in the guaB gene of Escherichia coli
Authors: Thomas M S , Drabble W T
Published: December 2016

lambda gua transducing bacteriophages were used to identify and sequence the secondary attachment site for lambda in the guaB gene of Escherichia coli. The sequence matched the primary core sequence at nine positions, and a putative integrase binding-site overlapped the left core-arm junction. Recombinational crossover occurred between nucleotides -3 and +2 of the core region.
Cell surface antigens during submerged development of Myxococcus xanthus examined with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Gill J S , Dworkin M
Published: December 2016

Eighteen monoclonal antibodies directed against cell surface antigens of Myxococcus xanthus were followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Three of the monoclonal antibodies were specifically directed against antigens present only on cells undergoing fruiting body development. These cell surface antigens became detectable by the early preaggregation stage (2 to 4 h) of development and increased until early aggregation (9 to 10 h), after which the concentrations of two of the cell surface antigens remained constant and the concentration of the third decreased. The remaining 15 monoclonal antibodies recognized cell surface antigens that were shared by vegetative and developing cells. Based on their relative concentrations during development, these shared antigens can be grouped into three classes. In the first class antigen concentration remained constant, in the second it decreased, and in the third it increased. Western blots of cell surface antigens were probed with monoclonal antibodies. Five monoclonal antibodies reacted with material in distinct bands, five monoclonal antibodies reacted with multiple, diffuse bands, and eight monoclonal antibodies were not reactive in Western blots.
Polysaccharide covalently linked to the peptidoglycan of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6714
Authors: Jürgens U J , Weckesser J
Published: December 2016

A polysaccharide was found to be covalently linked to the peptidoglycan of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6714 via phosphodiester bonds. It could be cleaved from the peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PG-PS) complex by hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment in the cold (48% HF, 0 degrees C, 48 h) yielding a pure, HF-insoluble peptidoglycan fraction and an HF-soluble polysaccharide fraction. The PG-PS complex was isolated from the Triton X-100-insoluble cell wall fraction by hot sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment and digestion with proteases. Digestion of the complex with N-acetylmuramidase released the glycopeptide-linked polysaccharide, which was further purified by dialysis and gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 and G-200. The polysaccharide consisted of glucosamine, mannosamine, galactosamine, mannose, and glucose and had a molecular weight of 25,000 to 30,000. Muramic acid-6-phosphate was identified as the binding site of the covalently linked, nonphosphorylated polysaccharide as revealed by chemical analysis of linkage fragments of the PG-PS complex.
Increase in cell mass during the division cycle of Escherichia coli B/rA
Authors: Kubitschek H E
Published: December 2016

Increase in the mean cell mass of undivided cells was determined during the division cycle of Escherichia coli B/rA. Cell buoyant densities during the division cycle were determined after cells from an exponentially growing culture were separated by size. The buoyant densities of these cells were essentially independent of cell age, with a mean value of 1.094 g ml-1. Mean cell volume and buoyant density were also determined during synchronous growth in two different media, which provided doubling times of 40 and 25 min. Cell volume and mass increased linearly at both growth rates, as buoyant density did not vary significantly. The results are consistent with only one of the three major models of cell growth, linear growth, which specifies that the rate of increase in cell mass is constant throughout the division cycle.
Regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by phospholipid precursors
Authors: Poole M A , Homann M J , Bae-Lee M S , Carman G M
Published: December 2016

The addition of ethanolamine or choline to inositol-containing growth medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wild-type cells resulted in a reduction of membrane-associated phosphatidylserine synthase (CDPdiacylglycerol:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase, EC 2.7.8.8) activity in cell extracts. The reduction of activity did not occur when inositol was absent from the growth medium. Under the growth conditions where a reduction of enzyme activity occurred, there was a corresponding qualitative reduction of enzyme subunit as determined by immunoblotting with antiserum raised against purified phosphatidylserine synthase. Water-soluble phospholipid precursors did not effect purified phosphatidylserine synthase activity. Phosphatidylserine synthase (activity and enzyme subunit) was not regulated by the availability of water-soluble phospholipid precursors in S. cerevisiae VAL2C(YEp CHO1) and the opi1 mutant. VAL2C(YEp CHO1) is a plasmid-bearing strain that over produces phosphatidylserine synthase activity, and the opi1 mutant is an inositol biosynthesis regulatory mutant. The results of this study suggest that the regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase by the availability of phospholipid precursors occurs at the level of enzyme formation and not at the enzyme activity level. Furthermore, the regulation of phosphatidylserine synthase is coupled to inositol synthesis.
Methylation-dependent transcription controls plasmid replication of the CloDF13 cop-1(Ts) mutant
Authors: van Putten A J , de Lang R , Veltkamp E , Nijkamp H J , Van Solingen P , van den Berg J A
Published: December 2016

The CloDF13 cop-1(Ts) mutant expresses a temperature-dependent plasmid copy number. At 42 degrees C the mutant shows a "runaway" behavior, and cells harboring this plasmid are killed. The cop-1(Ts) mutation is a G-to-A transition that disturbs one of the two methylation sites which are located opposite in the stem-loop structure within a region involved in both the initiation of primer synthesis for DNA replication and the termination of the cloacin operon transcript. We demonstrate that the mutation results in an increased primer (RNA II) synthesis resulting from nonconditional enhanced RNA II promoter activity, which at 42 degrees C causes a decrease in the amount of active replication repressor molecules (RNA I) synthesized from the opposite strand. We found that the absence of Dam methylation abolishes the mutant phenotype and that under this condition the high mutant level of RNA II synthesis is reduced, which is accompanied by a restoration of the regulation by RNA I. The role of methylation in the regulation of plasmid replication is discussed.
Osmotic regulation of transcription: induction of the proU betaine transport gene is dependent on accumulation of intracellular potassium
Authors: Sutherland L , Cairney J , Elmore M J , Booth I R , Higgins C F
Published: December 2016

The proU locus, which encodes a high-affinity betaine transport system, and the kdp operon, which encodes a potassium transport system, are the principal osmoresponsive genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The kdp operon is known to be induced in response to changes in cell turgor. We have investigated the control of proU expression and shown that it differs from that of kdp in a number of fundamental ways. Rather than responding to changes in turgor, proU expression is principally determined by the intracellular accumulation of potassium ions. Potassium and betaine were shown to play distinct osmoprotective roles. Potassium serves as the principal osmoprotectant and is accumulated in response to low-level osmotic stress to restore turgor. As external osmolarity is increased to a level at which the corresponding increase in internal potassium concentrations is potentially deleterious to enzyme function, betaine (when available) is accumulated in preference to potassium. The different mechanisms of proU and kdp regulation reflect the different physiological roles of these two osmoprotectants.
Correlation between extracellular fibrils and attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum to pea root hair tips
Authors: Smit G , Kijne J W , Lugtenberg B J
Published: December 2016

As part of a project meant to characterize molecules involved in nodulation, a semiquantitative microscopic assay was developed for measuring attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum cells to pea root hair tips, i.e., the site at which R. leguminosarum initiates nodulation. This form of attachment, designated as cap formation, was dependent on the incubation pH and growth phase, with optimal attachment at pH 7.5 and with bacteria in the early stationary phase of growth. Addition of glucose to the growth medium delayed the initiation of the stationary phase and cap formation, suggesting a correlation between cap formation and carbon limitation. Attachment of R. leguminosarum was not inhibited by pea lectin haptens which makes it unlikely that lectins are involved under the tested conditions. Moreover, heterologous fast-growing rhizobia adhered equally well to pea root hair tips. Since the attachment characteristics of a Sym plasmid-cured derivative were indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain, the Sym plasmidborne nodulation genes are not necessary for attachment. Sodium chloride and various other salts abolished attachment when present during the attachment assay in final concentrations of 100 mM. R. leguminosarum produced extracellular fibrils. A positive correlation between the percentage of fibrillated cells and the ability of the bacteria to form caps and to adhere to glass and erythrocytes was observed under various conditions, suggesting that these fibrils play a role in attachment of the bacteria to pea root hair tips, to glass, and to erythrocytes.
Integrable alpha-amylase plasmid for generating random transcriptional fusions in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: O'Kane C , Stephens M A , McConnell D
Published: December 2016

An integrable plasmid, pOK4, which replicated independently in Escherichia coli was constructed for generating transcriptional fusions in vivo in Bacillus DNA. It did not replicate independently in Bacillus subtilis, but it could be made to integrate into the chromosome of B. subtilis if sequences homologous to chromosomal sequences were inserted into it. It had a selectable marker for chloramphenicol resistance and carried unique sites for EcoRI and SmaI just to the 5' side of a promoterless alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus licheniformis. When B. subtilis DNA fragments were ligated into one of these sites and the ligation mixture was used to transform an alpha-amylase-negative B. subtilis strain, chloramphenicol-resistant transformants could be isolated conveniently. Many of these were alpha-amylase positive, owing to the fusion of the plasmid amylase gene to chromosomal operons. In principle, because integration need not be mutagenic, it is possible to obtain fusions to any chromosomal operon. The site of each integration can be mapped, and the flanking sequences can be cloned into E. coli. The alpha-amylase gene can be used to detect regulated genes. We used it as an indicator to detect operons which are DNA-damage-inducible (din), and we identified insertions in both SP beta and PBSX prophages.
Nucleotide sequence of the tra YALE region from IncFV plasmid pED208
Authors: Finlay B B , Frost L S , Paranchych W
Published: December 2016

The pED208 plasmid is a 90-kilobase conjugative plasmid which is the derepressed form of Fo lac plasmid (IncFV). A 3.3-kilobase HindIII-PstI fragment from the pED208 plasmid was cloned and sequenced and was found to contain four open reading frames which were highly homologous to the traA, traL, traE, and traY gene products of the F plasmid. The pED208 traA propilin protein was 119 amino acids in length, consisting of a leader sequence of 55 amino acids and a mature pilin subunit of 64 residues. The leader sequence contained a hydrophobic region followed by a classic signal peptidase cleavage site (Ala-Ser-Ala-55). F and pED208 pilin proteins shared 27 conserved residues and had similar predicted secondary structures. The pED208 traA and traL genes were separated by a single base pair, and no ribosome binding site preceded the traL gene. The pED208 traY gene contained an IS2 insertion element in orientation II 180 nucleotides (60 residues) upstream of the traY stop codon. This insertion of IS2 resulted in a predicted fusion peptide of 69 residues for traY which may provide the observed traY activity. Since IS2 is absent in the wild-type plasmid, Fo lac, derepression and concomitant multipiliation may be due to the insertion of IS2 providing constitutive expression of the pED208 tra operon.
INFLUENCE OF MgO+CeO2 ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND HARDNESS OF WC–Ni-BASED ALLOY COATING BY VACUUM MELTING
Authors: WANG YANAN , CHEN DONGXU , PIAO YVHUA , CHEN XUEJIAO , ZHANG TONG
Published: December 2016

Influence of MgO+CeO2 on the microstructure and hardness of the WC–Ni-based alloy coating, manufactured on AISI 1045 by vacuum melting, have been investigated. It was found that suitable addition of MgO+CeO2 can effectively reduce the pores within the coating, can refine the grain size of the WC hard phase and makes it get distributed uniformly. The hardness of the coating was enhanced with the addition of MgO+CeO2. It reached the maximum value of 920[Formula: see text]HV at the addition of 0.4% MgO+0.4% CeO2. Excess addition of MgO+CeO2 can result in many defects in the coating during the solidification process. The coating with the addition content of 0.4% MgO+0.4% CeO2 was shown the most excellent property. The related mechanism is also discussed.
The context of on-demand work
Authors: Salehi Niloufar
Published: December 2016

Two years of ethnographic fieldwork, in the U.S. and India, together with rich quantitative data, shine light on the world of on-demand work invisible to many of us, yet core to the functioning of the Internet and the future of automation.
Blocking the CCL2–CCR2 Axis Using CCL2-Neutralizing Antibody Is an Effective Therapy for Hepatocellular Cancer in a Mouse Model
Authors: Teng Kun-Yu , Han Jianfeng , Zhang Xiaoli , Hsu Shu-Hao , He Shun , Wani Nissar A. , Barajas Juan M. , Snyder Linda A. , Frankel Wendy L. , Caligiuri Michael A. , Jacob Samson T. , Yu Jianhua , Ghoshal Kalpana
Published: December 2016

Hepatocellular carcinoma, a deadly disease, commonly arises in the setting of chronic inflammation. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2/MCP1), a chemokine that recruits CCR2-positive immune cells to promote inflammation, is highly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Here, we examined the therapeutic efficacy of CCL2–CCR2 axis inhibitors against hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in the miR-122 knockout (a.k.a. KO) mouse model. This mouse model displays upregulation of hepatic CCL2 expression, which correlates with hepatitis that progress to hepatocellular carcinoma with age. Therapeutic potential of CCL2–CCR2 axis blockade was determined by treating KO mice with a CCL2-neutralizing antibody (nAb). This immunotherapy suppressed chronic liver inflammation in these mice by reducing the population of CD11highGr1+ inflammatory myeloid cells and inhibiting expression of IL6 and TNFα in KO livers. Furthermore, treatment of tumor-bearing KO mice with CCL2 nAb for 8 weeks significantly reduced liver damage, hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, and tumor burden. Phospho-STAT3 (Y705) and c-MYC, the downstream targets of IL6, as well as NF-κB, the downstream target of TNFα, were downregulated upon CCL2 inhibition, which correlated with suppression of tumor growth. In addition, CCL2 nAb enhanced hepatic NK-cell cytotoxicity and IFNγ production, which is likely to contribute to the inhibition of tumorigenesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CCL2 immunotherapy could be an effective therapeutic approach against inflammatory liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 312–22. ©2016 AACR.
Cellular Senescence Promotes Adverse Effects of Chemotherapy and Cancer Relapse
Authors: Demaria Marco , O'Leary Monique N. , Chang Jianhui , Shao Lijian , Liu Su , Alimirah Fatouma , Koenig Kristin , Le Catherine , Mitin Natalia , Deal Allison M. , Alston Shani , Academia Emmeline C. , Kilmarx Sumner , Valdovinos Alexis , Wang Boshi , de Bruin Alain , Kennedy Brian K. , Melov Simon , Zhou Daohong , Sharpless Norman E. , Muss Hyman , Campisi Judith
Published: December 2016

Cellular senescence suppresses cancer by irreversibly arresting cell proliferation. Senescent cells acquire a proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Many genotoxic chemotherapies target proliferating cells nonspecifically, often with adverse reactions. In accord with prior work, we show that several chemotherapeutic drugs induce senescence of primary murine and human cells. Using a transgenic mouse that permits tracking and eliminating senescent cells, we show that therapy-induced senescent (TIS) cells persist and contribute to local and systemic inflammation. Eliminating TIS cells reduced several short- and long-term effects of the drugs, including bone marrow suppression, cardiac dysfunction, cancer recurrence, and physical activity and strength. Consistent with our findings in mice, the risk of chemotherapy-induced fatigue was significantly greater in humans with increased expression of a senescence marker in T cells prior to chemotherapy. These findings suggest that senescent cells can cause certain chemotherapy side effects, providing a new target to reduce the toxicity of anticancer treatments.

Significance: Many genotoxic chemotherapies have debilitating side effects and also induce cellular senescence in normal tissues. The senescent cells remain chronically present where they can promote local and systemic inflammation that causes or exacerbates many side effects of the chemotherapy. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 165–76. ©2016 AACR.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 115
Atrioventricular Node Dysfunction and Ion Channel Transcriptome in Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Temple Ian P. , Logantha Sunil Jit R.J. , Absi Mais , Zhang Yu , Pervolaraki Eleftheria , Yanni Joseph , Atkinson Andrew , Petkova Maria , Quigley Gillian M. , Castro Simon , Drinkhill Mark , Schneider Heiko , Monfredi Oliver , Cartwright Elizabeth , Zi Min , Yamanushi Tomoko T. , Mahadevan Vaikom S. , Gurney Alison M. , White Ed , Zhang Henggui , Hart George , Boyett Mark R. , Dobrzynski Halina
Published: December 2016

Background—

Heart block is associated with pulmonary hypertension, and the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the heart block is the result of a change in the ion channel transcriptome of the atrioventricular (AV) node.

Methods and Results—

The most commonly used animal model of pulmonary hypertension, the monocrotaline-injected rat, was used. The functional consequences of monocrotaline injection were determined by echocardiography, ECG recording, and electrophysiological experiments on the Langendorff-perfused heart and isolated AV node. The ion channel transcriptome was measured by quantitative PCR, and biophysically detailed computer modeling was used to explore the changes observed. After monocrotaline injection, echocardiography revealed the pattern of pulmonary artery blood flow characteristic of pulmonary hypertension and right-sided hypertrophy and failure; the Langendorff-perfused heart and isolated AV node revealed dysfunction of the AV node (eg, 50% incidence of heart block in isolated AV node); and quantitative PCR revealed a widespread downregulation of ion channel and related genes in the AV node (eg, >50% downregulation of Ca
v
1.2/3 and HCN1/2/4 channels). Computer modeling predicted that the changes in the transcriptome if translated into protein and function would result in heart block.

Conclusions—

Pulmonary hypertension results in a derangement of the ion channel transcriptome in the AV node, and this is the likely cause of AV node dysfunction in this disease.
Clinical and Epidemiological Implications of 24‐Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring for the Diagnosis of Hypertension in Kenyan Adults: A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Etyang Anthony O. , Warne Ben , Kapesa Sailoki , Munge Kenneth , Bauni Evasius , Cruickshank J. Kennedy , Smeeth Liam , Scott J. Anthony G.
Published: December 2016

Background

The clinical and epidemiological implications of using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (
ABPM
) for the diagnosis of hypertension have not been studied at a population level in sub‐Saharan Africa. We examined the impact of
ABPM
use among Kenyan adults.

Methods and Results

We performed a nested case–control study of diagnostic accuracy. We selected an age‐stratified random sample of 1248 adults from the list of residents of the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System in Kenya. All participants underwent a screening blood pressure (BP) measurement. All those with screening
BP
≥140/90 mm Hg and a random subset of those with screening
BP
<140/90 mm Hg were invited to undergo
ABPM
. Based on the 2 tests, participants were categorized as sustained hypertensive, masked hypertensive, “white coat” hypertensive, or normotensive. Analyses were weighted by the probability of undergoing
ABPM
. Screening
BP
≥140/90 mm Hg was present in 359 of 986 participants, translating to a crude population prevalence of 23.1% (95%
CI
16.5–31.5%). Age standardized prevalence of screening
BP
≥140/90 mm Hg was 26.5% (95% CI 19.3–35.6%). On
ABPM
, 186 of 415 participants were confirmed to be hypertensive, with crude prevalence of 15.6% (95% CI 9.4–23.1%) and age‐standardized prevalence of 17.1% (95% CI 11.0–24.4%). Age‐standardized prevalence of masked and white coat hypertension were 7.6% (95% CI 2.8–13.7%) and 3.8% (95% CI 1.7–6.1%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of screening
BP
measurements were 80% (95% CI 73–86%) and 84% (95% CI 79–88%), respectively.
BP
indices and validity measures showed strong age‐related trends.

Conclusions

Screening
BP
measurement significantly overestimated hypertension prevalence while failing to identify ≈50% of true hypertension diagnosed by
ABPM
. Our findings suggest significant clinical and epidemiological benefits of
ABPM
use for diagnosing hypertension in Kenyan adults.
A methodical and taxonomic study of dispersed oak pollen (Fagaceae) from the Holocene of Rolla, Missouri, USA
Authors: TEKLEVA MARIA V. , HASELWANDER ROBERT D.
Published: December 2016

Oak pollen has great potential to be used in reconstructing paleovegetation and paleoclimate. Pollen grains from Holocene sediments of Rolla, Missouri, USA were studied. The goal of this study was to evaluate the morphology of dispersed oak pollen using light and electron microscopy. Three types of oak pollen were recognized: Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3. They occurred in the sample in the following approximate percentage: 52, 32 and 16% respectively. Pollen of Group 1 corresponds to that of white oaks, pollen of Group 2 to that of red oaks. Pollen of Group 3 differs from oak pollen known for the studied region. While electron microscopy shows a good prospect for a detailed interpretation of dispersed oak pollen, many factors should be taken into account when assessing past vegetation: the paleo-forest density, location of sampling, apparent wind direction during pollination, and the “resolving ability” of pollen morphology for different oak species. The intensity of flowering and direction of the pollen transport can significantly influence the quantity of pollen of a particular species in the spectrum. The possibility of medium or long-distance transport of a small quantity of oak pollen from other regions should also be considered in the interpretations of fossil spectra.
A new fungicolous species of Hydropisphaera (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from central China
Authors: ZENG ZHAO-QING , ZHUANG WEN-YING
Published: December 2016

A new fungicolous species, Hydropisphaera spinulosa, is described and illustrated based on a collection from central China. It is characterized by non-stromatic perithecia that are solitary to gregarious, globose to subglobose, and becoming cupulate upon drying. The asci are clavate, without an apical ring, and with ascospores that are ellipsoidal to fusiform, uniseptate, and with a spinulose surface. The asexual state is acremonium-like. Comparisons are made between the new species and morphologically similar taxa. Its taxonomic position in Hydropisphaera is confirmed by sequence analysis of the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA.
The Novelist as Organic Intellectual: William Hill Brown’sThe Power of Sympathy, Reconsidered
Authors: Lawrimore David
Published: December 2016

Scholars of material and print culture have recently challenged the theory of an early American public sphere, arguing that the literary landscape of eighteenth-century America was composed instead of fragmented publics, local networks frequently partisan in nature. This essay theorizes how the novel genre functions within these publics by reconsidering the literary career of William Hill Brown, best known as the author of The Power of Sympathy (1789). Reading his lesser-known writings, I argue that Brown was an intellectual for a prominent network—often referred to as the natural aristocracy—and saw the novel genre as a means to disperse his network’s ideology to a growing novel-reading audience. I conclude by reevaluating The Power of Sympathy in light of Brown’s commitment to the natural aristocracy, which provides a model for considering the novel genre within the framework of local publics rather than as part of a universal public sphere.
Optimal Policies for a Dual-Sourcing Inventory Problem with Endogenous Stochastic Lead Times
Authors: Song Jing-Sheng , Xiao Li , Zhang Hanqin , Zipkin Paul
Published: December 2016

We consider a single-product, two-source inventory system with Poisson demand and backlogging. Inventory can be replenished through a normal supply source, which consists of a two-stage tandem queue with exponential production time at each stage. We can also place an emergency order by skipping the first stage, for a fee. There is no fixed order cost. There are linear order, holding, and back-order costs. Through a new approach, we obtain optimal ordering policies for the discounted or long-run average cost and also characterize near-optimal heuristic policies. The approach consists of four steps. The first step is to establish an equivalent system, in the sense that it has the same optimal policy as the original system. The second step is to construct a tandem queueing system, where costs are charged in accord with the equivalent system’s cost structure. The third step derives an optimal control of the service rate at each server so as to minimize the tandem queue’s system-wide cost. The fourth and final step is to translate the queue’s optimal policy to an optimal policy for the equivalent system and hence the original system.
Foot and ankle tendoscopies: current concepts review
Authors: Monteagudo Manuel , Maceira Ernesto , Martinez de Albornoz Pilar
Published: December 2016

Tendoscopy is an apparently safe and reliable procedure to manage some foot and ankle disorders. The most common foot and ankle tendoscopies are: Achilles; peroneal; and posterior tibial tendon. Tendoscopy may be used as an adjacent procedure to other techniques. Caution is recommended to avoid neurovascular injuries. Predominantly level IV and V studies are found in the literature, with no level I studies still available. There are many promising and evolving endoscopic techniques for tendinopathies around the foot and ankle, but studies of higher levels of evidence are needed to strongly recommend these procedures.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:440-447. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.160028
Manero Miguel, F. y García Cuesta, J.L. (Coords.). (2016). Patrimonio cultural y desarrollo territorial. Cizur Menor (Navarra): Aranzadi. 417 pp.
Authors: López Trigal Lorenzo
Published: December 2016

Trabajo colectivo y coordinado en la Universidad de Valladolid, que agrupa a catorce investigadores, en su mayor parte geógrafos, que es resultado en su mayor extensión del proyecto de investigación “Cultura y patrimonio como recursos territoriales: estrategias de desarrollo sostenible e impactos espaciales”, perteneciente al Programa del Ministerio español de Economía y Competitividad. El volumen ha sido incluido en una colección de Estudios de la editorial Aranzadi y se estructura en la mayor parte de los once capítulos con un texto previo teórico al que se suman experiencias ejemplificadoras de distintos espacios urbanos, rurales y minero-industriales españoles y algunos otros iberoamericanos, acompañado casi siempre de figuras y tablas que prestan un apoyo significativo a su lectura.
Martínez Fernández, L.C. (2016). Los paisajes de la alta montaña central de Asturias. Oviedo: Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid y Ediuno (Ediciones de la Universidad de Oviedo). 311 pp.
Authors: Plaza Gutiérrez Juan Ignacio
Published: December 2016

En pocas ocasiones se encuentran publicaciones que, como la que aquí se reseña, ofrezcan singularidades tan llamativas como las que ésta alcanza: publicada por dos servicios editoriales de dos universidades y, al tiempo, iniciada con dos prólogos. Dos prólogos de dos geógrafos pertenecientes a las dos universidades que editan este trabajo, Valladolid y Oviedo. Y dos geógrafos que, además de poseer demostrada querencia y afecto por la montaña, son expertos conocedores de los paisajes de la montaña cantábrica más particularmente y transmiten con intensidad sus vivencias en y con ella. Si al mismo tiempo consideramos que el autor mantiene una vinculación familiar y emotiva con el área de estudio (de nuevo la querencia….), ya explícita en lo que fue su Memoria de Licenciatura en su momento, se nos refuerza la idea de que, necesariamente, el conocimiento y la transmisión de información que sobre la montaña central asturiana proyecta este libro están sólidamente cimentados.
Sprung in eine neue klimapolitische Dimension
Authors: Nill Jan
Published: December 2016

Jetzt wird es mit der Umsetzung des Pariser Klimaabkommens ernst: Die Europäische Kommission hat einen Vorschlag für die Aufteilung des europäischen Klimaziels für 2030 in nationale Klima ziele vorgelegt. Für Deutschland heißt dies für die Bereiche Gebäude, Verkehr, Landwirtschaft und Abfall: 38 % weniger Emissionen als 2005, nach minus 14 % für 2020.
Die unerträgliche Ressourcenleichtigkeit des Seins
Authors: Müller Felix , Kosmol Jan , Keßler Hermann , Angrick Michael , Rechenberg Bettina
Published: December 2016

Materialflussindikatoren sind ein zentrales Element in Strategien zur Ressourceneffizienzsteigerung und zur Ressourcenschonung. Wofür stehen diese Indikatoren und welche Aussagekraft haben sie? Was folgt daraus für Ansätze zur Dematerialisierung?
Investigation of burnout level of sport faculty students
Authors: Yalçın İlimdar , Gacar Atalay
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study is to investigate burnout level of last class sport faculty students. Our study was conducted on total 213 voluntary senior students who study Physical Education and Sports Teaching at Sakarya University Faculty of Sports Sciences, Firat University Faculty of Sports Sciences, Dumlupinar University School of Physical Education and Sports, Bartin University School of Physical Education and Sports, and Yuzuncu Yil University School of Physical Education and Sports. A personal information form and the Schaufeli, Leiter, Maslach and Jackson (1996) burnout scale was used. adaptation of burnout scale to Turkish made by Schaufeli,  Martinez, Marques-Pinto, Salanova and Bakker (2002). A new adaptation form of burnout scale made by Capri, Gunduz ve Gokcakan (2011) for the students which composed of 13 questions. for the anaylises microsoft windows and SPSS 22 packet program was used. In the study, Cronbach’s Alpha was found as 0.78.As a result, a significant changes has been found between last class students gender and depersonalization subdemension. the depersonalization level of male students found more than female students. Statistically a significant relation has been found between age and exhaustion subdimension. Also there is significant differences between students who plan to receive postgraduate education and both exhausted and depersonalization subdemension.
The WTO after TPP
Authors: Evenett Simon J.
Published: December 2016

This paper critically evaluates the contention that the implementation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership would adversely affect the centrality of the World Trade Organization. Not only are many Asian nations members of the WTO, but some undertook major reforms to join. Contrary to much existing literature, it is argued here that governments in the Asia-Pacific region should not be alarmed by the fate of this mega-regional trade deal.
US–Japan Negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidetaka
Published: December 2016

This article explores which factors influenced the process of US–Japan negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership. It argues that while pressures from major societal groups and legislative members hampered progress of bilateral negotiations, state leaders’ preferences for reacting strategically to geopolitical and geo-economic developments played a catalytic role in propelling the negotiations.
Unha oportunidade de estudo para a muller: os idiomas, de verniz cultural a cuestión profesional (1910-1936)
Authors: Vázquez Ramil Raquel , Porto Ucha Ángel Serafín
Published: December 2016

Neste traballo incluído no número 26 monográfico de Innovación Educativa dedicado a «Xénero e Educación», analizamos o papel dos idiomas na educación da muller española, dende 1910 até o corte drástico da guerra civil, que terá fondas e tráxicas repercusións na educación xeral e na da muller en particular. Previamente, remontámonos á Restauración, na segunda metade do século XIX, e ás primeiras iniciativas en pro da educación feminina e a ensinanza de idiomas promovidas polos krausistas e a Institución Libre de Enseñanza. O traballo céntrase na Escola Central de Idiomas de Madrid, creada en 1911, e na presenza das mulleres nas súas aulas como alumnas e profesoras.
Desde la moda al feminismo: mujeres y prensa pedagógica (Italia, s. XIX)
Authors: Cagnolati Antonella
Published: December 2016

A partir de la unificación de Italia (1861), las mujeres comienzan a participar de manera cada vez más activa en la vida social y profesional: se inscriben a las Escuelas Normales para obtener un diploma que les permita entrar en el mundo de la educación y ganar un sueldo. De hecho, podemos afirmar que se trata de la primera generación de mujeres con una cultura media, la cual les pone en una posición inmejorable para realizar una visión crítica sobre la desigualdad de género como– por ejemplo –el hecho de recibir por un mismo trabajo un salario más bajo que sus colegas hombres, o el de evidenciar la relevante condición de inferioridad de la mujer en la sociedad italiana. En la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, los periódicos empiezan a ser un extraordinario medio de comunicación de las ideas. Desde los años sesenta y hasta la Primera Guerra Mundial nacen muchos periódicos fundados y dirigidos por mujeres, a menudo por maestras, que se dedican a difundir información, noticias y cultura. Muchos periódicos se encuentran en un ámbito heterogéneo entre la familia, la escuela y la educación, como demuestran ampliamente los primeros títulos que aparecen: La madre di famiglia e la maestra elementare italiana, L’istitutrice, La maestra elementare italiana. La necesidad de formar profesionalmente las maestras genera la creación de otras revistas como La collaboratrice della maestra, en la que los artículos se centran en la didáctica y en la preparación de guías que pueden ayudar a las maestras en el trabajo en las aulas. Sin embargo, en los periódicos más atentos a la situación política y social aparece el fuerte carácter reivindicativo de los artículos sobre las dificultades de las mujeres en el mundo laboral, o sobre las disigualdades jurídicas. Periódicos como La Voce delle Donne son realmente pioneros porque son los primeros que adoptan una mirada de género para interpretar la realidad y denunciar las injusticias contra las mujeres.
Una iniciativa pública de capacitación profesional femenina en el primer tercio del siglo XX: la Escuela del Hogar y Profesional de la Mujer de Madrid
Authors: Cotelo Guerra Maria Dolores
Published: December 2016

Este artículo aborda la capacitación o formación profesional femenina en España en el primer tercio del siglo XX a través de una iniciativa pública, como fue la Escuela del Hogar y Profesional de la Mujer; institución que surge en medio del interés social suscitado en Europa en torno a la enseñanza femenina, las enseñanzas profesionales y las enseñanzas domésticas. Sus objetivos, tal como quedan recogidos en su denominación, eran proporcionar conocimientos que preparasen a las mujeres para una práctica racional en el hogar además de garantizarles una instrucción artística y científica para el ejercicio de diversas profesiones acordes a su sexo y compatibles con su rol social. Se traza también un recorrido por las distintas etapas que atraviesa esta institución, deteniéndonos especialmente en la Segunda República y las iniciativas que durante este periodo se llevaron a cabo para imprimirle un carácter más profesional.
INACTIVATION OF SHIGA-TOXIN PRODUCING Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 IN MILK BY COMBINED TREATMENT WITH HIGH HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND AQUEOUS POMEGRANATE EXTRACT
Authors: Alvin Bernedo-Navarro Robert , Durães-Carvalho Ricardo , Rabelo de Souza Ancelmo , Mayele Miyachiro Mayara , Francisco Sampaio Bonafe Carlos , Yano Tomomasa
Published: December 2016

The aim of this work was to evaluate the synergistic effect of combined treatment with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and an aqueous extract of Punica granatum (pomegranate) peels on the survival of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Our results showed that HHP (250 MPa, 60 min, 25 ºC) reduced the STEC bacterial load in milk and tryptic soy broth culture medium by about 2.5 and 3.5 logs, respectively. Under these conditions, HHP did not alter the cytotoxicity of Shiga toxins in Vero and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Treatment with up to 30 mg of pomegranate extract/mL caused negligible inactivation, but a combination of HHP and pomegranate extract (3 mg/mL) produced bacterial inactivation from 109 CFU/mL to undetectable levels of viable bacteria. These findings suggest that a combination of HHP and pomegranate extract may be potentially effective in bacterial inactivation during food processing, particularly in the elimination of important foodborne pathogens such as STEC. a
DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT AND EPS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF CULTIVABLE BACTERIA FROM THE SAMPLES OF COASTAL SITE OF ALANG
Authors: H. Upadhyay Kinjal , M. Vaishnav Avni , R. Tipre Devayani , R Dave Shailesh
Published: December 2016

In this study diversity of cultivable bacteria and their exopolysaccharide production potential were investigated from the water and sediment samples of coastal site of ALang. The studied ten samples represented diversity in pH, conductivity, salinity and TDS, in the range of 7.25 to 8.92, 9.4 to 76.8 mS, 3570 to 35100 mg/L and 15120 to 53100 mg/L respectively. Total 141 bacteria were isolated from the collected ten samples, from which 105 were gram positive and 36 were gram negative in nature. Amongst the isolates 33% were able to produce variety of pigments. The diversity indices, including Shannon-Wiener index (H’), Richness, and Evenness Indices based on the metabolic characteristics of the organisms were calculated. The isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Identification of 41 isolates was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. They represented 22 genera and various species of these genera. The bacterial isolates were able to grow in the range of 3-25% NaCl concentrations. When 141 cultures were grown in liquid medium, the viscosity of the medium ranged between 9.20x10-6 to 2.09x10-4 m.pa.s-1. The EPS yield in terms of dry weight also ranged from 0.76 to 10.7g/L.
ROSEMARY, THYME AND OREGANO ESSENTIAL OILS INFLUENCE ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STABILITY OF MINCED MEAT
Authors: Amariei Sonia , Poroch-Seriţan Maria , Gutt Georg , Oroian Mircea , Ciornei Elena
Published: December 2016

In this paper we have analysed the capacity of essential oils from aromatic plants in order to slow or stop down the physicochemical degradation and microbiological infestation of raw minced meat processes. Three essential oils: thyme, rosemary and oregano were chosen for the experimental study due to their acknowledged antiseptic effect and their flavour acceptance by consumers. The physicochemical and microbiological properties for a mixture of pork and beef meat were analysed throughout four days. Water content, total fat, total protein, easily hydrolysable nitrogen, pH and water activity were determined. The experimental measurements were performed considering the following concentrations: 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% for the essential oil incorporated into meat. The evaluation of microbiological stability was determined as well. The results indicated that essential oils have a significant influence on the physicochemical properties correlated with microbiological stability when prolonging the shelf - life of minced meat.
EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE ON THE THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES OF THE IMMOBILIZED ON ADSORBENTS AND FREE CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES BOULARDII
Authors: P. Vysekantsev Igor , M. Babinets Olga , F. Martsenyuk Valentyna , V. Repin Nikolay , F. Kovalenko Igor
Published: December 2016

Probiotic S. boulardii cells were immobilized on adsorbents "Sorbex" (activated carbon pellets) and "SCMS-1" (granules of aluminum dioxide with deposited film of activated carbon). The experimental probiotics were the "carrier-cells" systems, wherein on the carrier surface different amounts of yeast cells were absorbed. The safety of the "carrier-cells" systems was assessed on the number of macrocolonies formed by certain systems. During freezing down to low temperatures bigger number of immobilized cells if compared to free cells in the cell suspensions has been shown to dye. The safety of the complexes during freezing is affected by cooling mode and preserving medium composition. Experimental intestinal dysbiosis was induced in mice by oral administration of ampicillin and metronidazole. There has been found a longer persistence of yeast cells and higher levels of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacilus spp. bacteria in the colon mucin of the mice treated with immobilized S. boulardii. In the groups of animals treated with free cells and the mixtures of free cells with adsorbents, the terms of persistence of yeast cells and the recovery rates of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacilus spp. in colon mucin were lower. Storage for one year at –80C, –196C did not affect therapeutic properties of immobilized and free S. boulardii cells.
PCR-DGGE ANALYSIS OF THE YEAST POPULATION ASSOCIATED WITH NATURAL FERMENTATION OF TABERNA
Authors: A. Santiago-Urbina Jorge , Peña-Montes Carolina , Nolasco-Cancino HipÃ³crates , Ruiz-Terán Francisco
Published: December 2016

In this study, yeast community associated with the natural fermentation of Taberna, an alcoholic beverage made from palm sap, was determined using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the D1 region of the 26S rRNA gene. This technique was complemented by cloning and sequencing of DGGE bands. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Each palm tree (palm tree I, II and III) represented an experimental unit. Fourteen batches from each palm tree were analyzed. These molecular methods allowed a rapid monitoring of yeast population associated with Taberna fermentation. Most frequent yeast species were Hanseniaspora guilliermondii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia kudriavzevii (Issatchenkia orientalis), followed by Candida tropicalis and Kazachstania exigua. In addition, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Candida akabanensis, Candida blattae, Candida intermedia, Pichia kluyveri and Trichosporon moniliiforme were also detected. In the first batches, only 5 yeast species were identified, from the second batch the number of species increased, in some batches ten yeast species were identified. The implementation of PCR-DGGE to describe yeast population in fermentation of Taberna revealed new members (C. akabanensis, C. blattae and T. moniliiforme) related with this palm wine. Results showed that PCR-DGGE is a good technique for characterizing yeast population structure. Findings allowed us gain important information about yeast community structure of Taberna fermentation.
OPTIMIZATION, PRODUCTION, PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEUTRAL AND ALKALINE PROTEASES PRODUCED BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS
Authors: Kevin P. Devanadera Mark , Vannie O. Haw Stephanie , Joy J. Arzaga Merry , Jenny Buenaflor Lovely , Joy E. Gagarin Twinkle , G. Vargas Andrea , M. Mercado Susana , A. Santiago Librado
Published: December 2016

Different strains of Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn, BIOTECH 1056, 1333, 1573 and 1679, UPCC 1295 and USTCMS 1011 from various culture collections in the country were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and assayed for proteolytic activity. Fermentation parameters like pH, temperature, and incubation time were optimized for the production of proteases that were used as gauges to select the best bacterial isolates for possible commercial application. Among the six isolates studied, USTCMS 1011 gave the highest neutral protease activity of 0.647 U/mg protein at pH 7 and at 37oC for72 hours. The same strain yielded the highest alkaline protease activity of 0.495 U/mg protein at pH 9 and at 30oC for 72 hours. Various beans and fruit extracts or honey were tested as possible protein or carbohydrate sources in the medium. Dextrin produced the highest protease activity with 0.647U/mg protein for neutral protease and 0.495 U/mg protein for alkaline protease as carbohydrate source. Garbanzos (chickpea) as protein source, supplemented with yeast extract, gave the highest protease activity at 0.548 U/mg protein for neutral protease and 0.475 U/mg protein for alkaline protease. Both crude proteases were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by desalting and gel filtration chromatography. Optimal activity of the neutral protease was found at pH 8 and 30oC with an incubation time of 90min while optimal activity of the alkaline protease was at pH 11 and 40oC with only 30min incubation period. Neutral protease showed a single band with molecular weight of 65.4kDa in SDS-PAGE while alkaline protease showed single band with molecular weight of 8kDa.