bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon as a Host for Tellurium for High‐Rate Li–Te and Na–Te Batteries
Authors: Li Yi , Zhang Youquan , Xu Qiuju , Hu Linyu , Shen Bolei , Liu Heng , Dai Chunlong , Bao Shujuan , Xu Maowen
Published: January 2019

A nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon sponge, used as a matrix for tellurium accommodation, was designed and prepared in this work. The porosity of the matrix played an important role in enhancing the electrochemical performance of Li/Na–Te batteries. Specifically, the mesopores could accommodate active materials whereas the macropores provided sufficient space for partial Te accommodation and volume expansion in discharge. In addition, N heteroatoms in carbon species could enhance the electrical conductivity and widen its application in lithium/sodium storage. The monolithic and flaky architecture of the nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon sponge/tellurium composite offered a highly conductive network for fast electron transportation. As a result, the nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon sponge/tellurium composite achieved a superior rate performance for Li–Te and Na–Te batteries.
Benthic responses to an Antarctic regime shift: food particle size and recruitment biology
Authors: Dayton Paul K. , Jarrell Shannon C. , Kim Stacy , Ed Parnell P. , Thrush Simon F. , Hammerstrom Kamille , Leichter James J.
Published: January 2019

Polar ecosystems are bellwether indicators of climate change and offer insights into ecological resilience. In this study, we describe contrasting responses to an apparent regime shift of two very different benthic communities in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. We compared species‐specific patterns of benthic invertebrate abundance and size between the west (low productivity) and east (higher productivity) sides of McMurdo Sound across multiple decades (1960s–2010) to depths of 60 m. We present possible factors associated with the observed changes. A massive and unprecedented shift in sponge recruitment and growth on artificial substrata observed between the 1980s and 2010 contrasts with lack of dramatic sponge settlement and growth on natural substrata, emphasizing poorly understood sponge recruitment biology. We present observations of changes in populations of sponges, bryozoans, bivalves, and deposit‐feeding invertebrates in the natural communities on both sides of the sound. Scientific data for Antarctic benthic ecosystems are scant, but we gather multiple lines of evidence to examine possible processes in regional‐scale oceanography during the eight years in which the sea ice did not clear out of the southern portion of McMurdo Sound. We suggest that large icebergs blocked currents and advected plankton, allowed thicker multi‐year ice, and reduced light to the benthos. This, in addition to a possible increase in iron released from rapidly melting glaciers, fundamentally shifted the quantity and quality of primary production in McMurdo Sound. A hypothesized shift from large to small food particles is consistent with increased recruitment and growth of sponges on artificial substrata, filter‐feeding polychaetes, and some bryozoans, as well as reduced populations of bivalves and crinoids that favor large particles, and echinoderms Sterechinus neumayeri and Odontaster validus that predominantly feed on benthic diatoms and large phytoplankton mats that drape the seafloor after spring blooms. This response of different guilds of filter feeders to a hypothesized shift from large to small phytoplankton points to the enormous need for and potential value of holistic monitoring programs, particularly in pristine ecosystems, that could yield both fundamental ecological insights and knowledge that can be applied to critical conservation concerns as climate change continues.
Drivers of elevational richness peaks, evaluated for trees in the east Himalaya
Authors: Rana Suresh K. , Gross Kevin , Price Trevor D.
Published: January 2019

Along elevational gradients, species richness often peaks at intermediate elevations and not the base. Here we refine and test eight hypotheses to evaluate causes of a richness peak in trees of the eastern Himalaya. In the field, we enumerated trees in 50 plots of size 0.1 ha each at eight zones along an elevational gradient and compared richness patterns with interpolation of elevational ranges of species from a thorough review of literature, including floras from the plains of India. The maximum number of species peaks at similar elevations in the two data sets (at 500 m in the field sampling and between 500 m and 1,000 m in range interpolation); concordance between the methods implies that statistical artefacts are unlikely to explain the peak in the data. We reject most hypotheses (e.g., area, speciation rate, mixing of distinct floras). We find support for a model in which climate (actual evapotranspiration [AET] or its correlates) sets both the number of species and each species optimum, coupled with a geometric constraint. We consider that AET declines with elevation, but an abrupt change in the association of AET with geographical distance into the plains means that the location of highest AET, at the base of the mountain, receives range overlaps from fewer species than the location just above the base. We formalize this explanation with a mathematical model to show how this can generate the observed low‐elevation richness peak.
Abyssal deposit‐feeding rates consistent with the metabolic theory of ecology
Authors: Durden Jennifer M. , Bett Brian J. , Huffard Christine L. , Ruhl Henry A. , Smith Kenneth L.
Published: January 2019

The Metabolic Theory of Ecology (MTE) posits that metabolic rate controls ecological processes, such as the rate of resource uptake, from the individual‐ to the ecosystem‐scale. Metabolic rate has been found empirically to be an exponential function of whole organism body mass. We test a fundamental assumption of MTE, whether resource uptake scales to metabolism, by examining detritivores accessing a single common resource pool, an ideal study case. We used an existing empirical model of ingestion for aquatic deposit feeders adjusted for temperature to test whether ingestion by abyssal deposit feeders conforms to MTE‐predicted feeding rates. We estimated the sediment deposit‐feeding rates of large invertebrates from two abyssal study sites using time‐lapse photography, and related those rates to body mass, environmental temperature, and sediment organic matter content using this framework. Ingestion was significantly related to individual wet mass, with a mass‐scaling coefficient of 0.81, with 95% confidence intervals that encompass the MTE‐predicted value of 0.75, and the same pattern determined in other aquatic systems. Our results also provide insight into the potential mechanism through which this fundamental assumption operates. After temperature correction, both deep‐ and shallow‐water taxa might be summarized into a single mass‐scaled ingestion rate.
NiII‐LnIII Heterometallic Complexes as Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Chakraborty Amit , Goura Joydeb , Bag Prasenjit , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: January 2019

This article deals with the synthesis, structural characterization, and magnetic studies of heterometallic NiII/LnIII complexes. The article begins with an introduction on the phenomenon of single‐molecule magnetism and various types of molecular complexes that can function as molecular magnets. Among such complexes, 3d/4f combinations have been studied considerably, although examples involving NiII are considerably fewer than those involving ions like MnIII. In this article, we discuss how NiII can be profitably used to construct molecular magnets by describing features that allow this ion to exhibit magnetic anisotropy. Several examples of NiII/4f complexes drawn from the literature and our own work are described. In most of these complexes, NiII is six‐coordinate in a distorted octahedral geometry, while in one example NiII is four‐coordinate in a square‐planar geometry. The various ligands involved in assembling such diverse complexes are also discussed. In each case the magnetic properties of the complexes, including some SMM properties in particular, are discussed. In view of the isotropic nature of the GdIII ion with seven unpaired f electrons, some NiII/GdIII complexes possessing interesting magnetocaloric properties are also included.
Imidazolidinone‐Tethered α‐Hydrazidopeptides – Synthesis and Conformational Investigation
Authors: Amabili Paolo , Calvaresi Matteo , Martelli Gianluca , Orena Mario , Rinaldi Samuele , Sgolastra Federica
Published: January 2019

Nα‐acylated β2,3‐3‐azapeptides, or α‐hydrazidopeptides, of different lengths were synthesized starting from a conformationally restricted imidazolidinone‐tethered monomer. The preferential conformations of the oligomers were investigated by NMR and CD spectroscopy, supported by computational analysis. The experimental data clearly confirmed the tendency of these α‐hydrazidopeptides to fold into a zig‐zag (Z8) 8‐helix conformation, whose stability is length‐dependent, stabilized by the C=O(i)···H–N(i + 2) and N(i)···H–N(i + 1) intramolecular H‐bonding pattern, as well as by non‐standard C=O···H‐C hydrogen bonds.
Heteroquinoid Merocyanine Dyes with High Thermal Stability as Absorber Materials in Vacuum‐Processed Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Gräßler Nico , Wolf Sebastian , Holzmüller Felix , Zeika Olaf , Vandewal Koen , Leo Karl
Published: January 2019

A series of heteroquinoid merocyanine dyes with an extended π‐system as well as lower homologues (bearing varied donor units such as benzothiazolylidene and 4H‐pyran‐4‐ylidene) were synthesized, and their thermal, optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. The dyes exhibit a variety of features that are desirable for solar cell production. These include strong absorption coefficients (up to 67.000 L M–1 cm–1), broad Vis/NIR absorption bands, frontier molecular orbital energies suitable for electron transfer to C60, and electronic gaps ranging from 0.90 to 1.74 eV. Owing to their high thermal stability, the dyes can be sublimated in high yields. For three of the dyes, the packing arrangements in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis were examined. The photovoltaic characteristics of the most promising thienoquinoid merocyanine dye was investigated in devices using C60 as acceptor material. In an optimized vacuum‐processed device, a PCE of 3.6 % was achieved.
Aziridination of Aromatic Aldimines Through Stabilized Ammonium Ylides: A Molecular Electron Density Theory Study
Authors: Emamian Saeedreza , Domingo Luis R. , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Zahedi Ehsan , Hosseini Seyed Javad
Published: January 2019

The domino reaction between ammonium salt AS 4 and aldimine AD 2, in the presence of Cs2CO3, yielding aziridine trans‐AZ 7 was studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory at the B3LYP (PCM, DCM)/def2‐TZVP//B3LYP (PCM, DCM)/GenECP computational level. This domino reaction begins with the proton abstraction from AS 4 by Cs2CO3 yielding ammonium ylide AY 5. The subsequent nucleophilic attack of AY 5 on AD 2 furnishes the gauche betaine‐like intermediate IN‐2Tg1, which experiences a C–C single bond rotation generating the anti betaine‐like intermediate IN‐2Ta. Finally, IN‐2Ta is converted into trans‐AZ 7 by an SNi process. Analysis of the relative Gibbs free energies indicates that conversion of IN‐2Ta into trans‐AZ 7 is the rate‐determining step. Analysis of the reactivity indices allows characterizing AY 5 as a strong nucleophile and AD 2 as a strong electrophile, in clear agreement with the high polar character of the addition step, while analysis of the electrophilic Parr functions explains the regioselectivity within the C1–C2 single bond formation. A Bonding Evolution Theory study of the bonding changes along the ring‐closure step allows understanding the mechanism of the SNi reaction, which takes place through a non‐concerted two‐stage one‐step mechanism involving zwitterionic species having a carbocationic C1 center.
Amorphous Lithium Sulfide as Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Cathode with Low Activation Barrier
Authors: Lodovico Lucas , Milad Hosseini Seyed , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano
Published: January 2019

Herein, the synthesis of a novel lithium sulfide (Li2S)‐based material is presented. The material is composed of Li2S and lithium sulfenamide, which are formed in and coprecipitated from an ethylenediamine solution as an amorphous, but solid compound. The sulfenamide compound is shown to be an effective carbon source to obtain carbon‐coated Li2S via post‐processing. Both the pristine and carbon‐coated materials are characterized by a series of physicochemical methods and preliminarily investigated for application in batteries. The pristine material possesses a remarkably low activation potential. This ease of activation is particularly beneficial for solid‐state cells, where the material shows a much better performance than the commercially available Li2S.
Enhancing the Magnetocaloric Effect of a Paramagnet to above Liquid Hydrogen Temperature
Authors: Li Rukang
Published: January 2019

Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is one of the most efficient ways for storing and transporting the H2 energy in hydrogen economy. Magnetic refrigeration using the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) is the preferable means to liquify H2 since the adiabatic demagnetization process can approach 100% of carnot efficiency. In practice, mainly due to the lack of single material that covers enough temperature span, the efficiencies of the prototypes of magnetic refrigerators are still far below the economic viable threshold (50%). Based on a theoretical analysis on the single ion anisotropy of Tb3+‐containing materials, it is found experimentally that MCE can be 100% enhanced for a model crystal LiCaTb5(BO3)6 (LCTB) at 20.2 K over the practical magnetic cooling medium Gd3Ga5O13 (GGG) for the cryogenic temperatures, and more importantly the enhancement covers a range of at least 15–40 K in a typical field change of 6 T.
Classification of GLOSSECTOMIES: Proposal for tongue cancer resections
Authors: Ansarin Mohssen , Bruschini Roberto , Navach Valeria , Giugliano Gioacchino , Calabrese Luca , Chiesa Fausto , Medina Jesus E. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Shah Jatin P.
Published: January 2019

Background

Surgery of tongue tumors includes different procedures ranging from mucosal resection to complex combined resection. Numerous terms have been used to describe such procedures, but there is no consensus between the terminology and the extent of resection.

Methods and Results

We searched the medical literature and found a lack of published information. We undertook to describe a new classification of surgical procedures for tongue tumor resection. We based it upon the surgical anatomy of the tongue and the spread of the cancer. We posited that there were five major types of glossectomy embracing all the methods of tongue cancer resection. This classification was reviewed and endorsed by an international team of experts.

Conclusion

We propose a more precise classification than that currently in practice, thereby bringing clarity and consistency to the terminology, facilitating shared communication between surgeons, comparison between published research, and ultimately improving surgical practice and patient care.
Impaired Hepatic Phosphatidylcholine Synthesis Leads to Cholestasis in Mice Challenged With a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Wan Sereana , Kuipers Folkert , Havinga Rick , Ando Hiromi , Vance Dennis E. , Jacobs René L. , van der Veen Jelske N.
Published: January 2019

Phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PEMT) is a hepatic integral membrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PEMT catalyzes approximately 30% of hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. Pemt–/–
mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) develop steatohepatitis. Interestingly, portions of the ER located close to the canaliculus are enriched in PEMT. Phospholipid balance and asymmetrical distribution by adenosine triphosphatase phospholipid transporting 8B1 (ATP8B1) on the canalicular membrane is required for membrane integrity and biliary processes. We hypothesized that PEMT is an important supplier of PC to the canaliculus and that PEMT activity is critical for the maintenance of canalicular membrane integrity and bile formation following HFD feeding when there is an increase in overall hepatic PC demand. Pemt+/+
and Pemt–/–
mice were fed a chow diet, an HFD, or a choline‐supplemented HFD. Plasma and hepatic indices of liver function and parameters of bile formation were determined. Pemt–/–
mice developed cholestasis, i.e, elevated plasma bile acid (BA) concentrations and decreased biliary secretion rates of BAs and PC, during HFD feeding. The maximal BA secretory rate was reduced more than 70% in HFD‐fed Pemt–/–
mice. Hepatic ABCB11/bile salt export protein, responsible for BA secretion, was decreased in Pemt–/–
mice and appeared to be retained intracellularly. Canalicular membranes of HFD‐fed Pemt–/–
mice contained fewer invaginations and displayed a smaller surface area than Pemt+/+
mice. Choline supplementation (CS) prevented and reversed the development of HFD‐induced cholestasis. Conclusion: We propose that hepatic PC availability is critical for bile formation. Dietary CS might be a potential noninvasive therapy for a specific subset of patients with cholestasis.
Ultrasonic determination of gestational age by assessment of fetal kidney size in the third trimester in southwest Nigeria
Authors: Osho Evelyn S. , Ibitoye Bolanle O. , Adetiloye Victor A. , Adeyemi Adebanjo B. , Aderibigbe Adeniyi S. , Omisore Adeleye D.
Published: January 2019

Objective

To determine the strength of association between fetal kidney measurements and gestational age (GA) in third‐trimester pregnancies.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional study in Ile‐Ife, Nigeria, women in the third trimester of a singleton pregnancy who were sure of the date of their last menstrual period or had an early pregnancy scan were recruited consecutively in 2012. Standard biometric measurements were taken, along with fetal kidney length (FKL), anteroposterior diameter (FKAPD), and transverse diameter (FKTD). Fetal kidney volume (FKV) was calculated via the ellipsoid formula. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate linear regression.

Results

In total, 470 women were recruited. Compared with standard biometric parameters, renal parameters showed better correlation with GA. Among the standard parameters, femur length showed the strongest correlation with GA. FKL and FKV showed stronger positive correlation with GA as compared with FKTD and FKAPD. In multivariate linear regression modeling, FKL alone predicted GA with accuracy of ±10.1 days, whereas a combination of standard and kidney parameters predicted GA with better accuracy of ±8.0 days.

Conclusions

Compared with standard biometric parameters, fetal renal parameters correlated better with GA in the third trimester. Among the renal parameters, FKL correlated most strongly with GA.
Perception of 3‐D Layout in Stereo Displays
Authors: Banks Martin S. , Held Robert T. , Girshick Ahna R.
Published: January 2019

As stereoscopic displays become more commonplace, it is more important than ever for those displays to create a faithful impression of the 3‐D structure of the object or scene being portrayed. This article reviews current research on the ability of a viewer to perceive the 3‐D layout specified by a stereo display.
White‐LED backlight control for motion‐blur reduction and power minimization in large LCD TVs
Authors: Lee Wonbok , Patel Kimish , Pedram Massoud
Published: January 2019

A 1‐D LED‐backlight‐scanning technique and a 2‐D local‐dimming technique for large LCD TVs are presented. These techniques not only reduce the motion‐blur artifacts by means of impulse representation of images in video, but also increase the static contrast ratio by means of local dimming in the image(s). Both techniques exploit a unique feature of an LED backlight in large LCD TVs in which the whole panel is divided into a pre‐defined number of regions such that the luminance in each region is independently controllable. The proposed techniques are implemented in a FPGA and demonstrated on a 40‐in. LCD TV. Measurement results show that the proposed techniques significantly reduce the motion‐blur artifacts, enhance the static contrast ratio by about 3×, and reduce the power consumption by 10% on average.
Compact and efficient green lasers for mobile projector applications
Authors: Bhatia V. , Hempstead M. , Grochocinski J. , Sekiguchi N. , Okada A. , Loeber D.
Published: January 2019

Efficient and very‐compact projectors embedded into mobile consumer‐electronic devices, such as handsets, media players, gaming consoles, and GPS units, will enable new consumer use and industry business models. A keystone component for such projectors is a green laser that is commensurately efficient and compact. A synthetic green‐laser architecture that can achieve efficiencies of 15% is described. The architecture consists of an infrared distributed Bragg reflector laser coupled into a second‐harmonic‐generation device for conversion to green.
High‐contrast driving method for advanced CEL structure with magnesium oxide single‐crystal powder in ACPDP
Authors: Hashimoto Koji , Itakura Shunsuke , Sakata Kazuaki , Tokunaga Tsutomu , Ishizuka Mitsuhiro , Iwaoka Shigeru , Saegusa Nobuhiko
Published: January 2019

A new driving method for an advanced‐CEL‐structure panel has been developed. Picture qualities have been upgraded. Discharge time lags are drastically shortened by priming electron emission from magnesium oxide (MgO) single‐crystal powder, refered to as a crystal emissive layer (CEL). The advanced‐CEL‐structure panel has CEL material on the surface of not only the surface‐discharge‐electrode side but also on the address‐electrode side. This panel structure enables a stable opposed discharge when the address electrode functions as a cathode. By utilizing the opposed discharges in the reset and LSB‐SF sustain periods, the dark‐room contrast ratio has been drastically increased to over 20,000:1, which is higher than five times that of the conventional method, and the luminance of the least‐significant‐bit sub‐field (LSB‐SF) is as low as 0.1 cd/m2, which is one‐fourth that of the conventional method. The high‐picture‐quality PDP TVs refered to as “KURO” that employs these technologies have been introduced into the marketplace.
Role of triplet–triplet annihilation in highly efficient fluorescent devices
Authors: Kondakov Denis Y.
Published: January 2019

A study of delayed electroluminescence in model highly efficient OLEDs based on anthracene derivatives indicate that triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) contributes significantly to overall efficiency. Highly efficient devices (6–9% external quantum efficiencies) based on 9,10‐bis(2‐naphthyl)‐2‐phenylanthracene show that the TTA contribution depends primarily on operating current density, reaching as much as 20–30% of the overall emission intensity at moderate current densities (>5 mA/cm2). Revision of the classical estimates of maximum external quantum efficiency of fluorescent OLEDs to 8% and maximum internal quantum efficiency to 40% is recommended to account for TTA contribution (even further revision may be necessary to account for a better‐than‐20% optical outcoupling).
Motion‐adaptive alternate gamma drive for flicker‐free motion‐blur reduction in 100/120‐Hz LCD TV
Authors: Kim Taesung , Ye Bo , Vu Chung Phan , Balram Nikhil , Steemers Hugo
Published: January 2019

LCD motion blur is a well‐known phenomenon, and several approaches have been developed to address it. This includes very‐high‐performance approaches based on motion‐compensated frame‐rate conversion (MC‐FRC) and very‐low‐cost approaches based on impulsive driving. Impulsive‐driving schemes are attractive because of their low cost, but suffer from two significant issues – loss of luminance and large‐area flicker. A new impulsive‐driving approach using motion‐adaptive alternate gamma driving (MA‐AGD), which removes motion blur and preserves the original luminance level without causing large‐area flicker, is proposed.
Evaluation of motion performance on scanning‐backlight LCDs
Authors: Member) Wen Song (SID Student , Teunissen Kees , Li Xiaohua , Zhang Yuning , Heynderickx Ingrid
Published: January 2019

The scanning‐backlight technique to improve the motion performance of LCDs is introduced. This technique, however, has some drawbacks such as double edges and color aberration, which may become visible in moving patterns. A method combining accurate measurements of temporal luminance transitions with the simulation of human‐eye tracking and spatiotemporal integration is used to model the motion‐induced profile of an edge moving on a scanning‐backlight LCD‐TV panel that exhibits the two drawbacks mentioned above. The model results are validated with a perception experiment including different refresh rates, and a high correspondence is found between the simulated apparent edge and the one that is perceived during actual motion. Apart from the motion‐induced edge blur, the perception of a moving line or square‐wave grating can also be predicted by the same method starting from the temporal impulse and frame‐sequential response curves, respectively. Motion‐induced image degradation is evaluated for both a scanning‐ and continuous‐backlight mode based on three different characteristics: edge blur, line spreading, and modulation depth of square‐wave grating. The results indicate that the scanning‐backlight mode results in better motion performance.
2009 SID Honors and Awards
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

This year's winners of the Society for Information Display's coveted Honors and Awards include Dr. Peter Raynes, who will receive the Jan Rajchman Prize for his work with twisted‐nematic liquid‐crystal displays; Dr. Ernst Lueder, who will be awarded the Slottow‐Owaki Prize for his contributions as an outstanding and inspiring teacher; and Mr. Peter Baron, who has earned the Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award for years of service to the Society for Information Display.
Products on Display at SID 2009
Authors: Staff The Editorial
Published: January 2019

Some of the products on display at North America's largest electronic‐display exhibition are previewed.
Disruptive Factors in the OLED Business Ecosystem
Authors: Lääperi Antti
Published: January 2019

AMOLEDs have several key, potentially disruptive elements in both display and lighting technology.
Emerging Technologies for the Commercialization of AMOLED TVs
Authors: Kim Hye Dong , Chung Hyun‐Joong , Berkeley Brian H. , Kim Sang Soo
Published: January 2019

Advances in AMOLED materials, device structures, and manufacturing are paving the way for a new generation of TVs that will be interactive, ultra‐light and slim, eco‐friendly, and more.
The Surprising Success of Netbooks
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

With smartphones getting smarter, e‐readers on the upswing, and laptops growing ever‐more powerful, can the market really support a device bigger than a PDA but smaller and less powerful than a typical notebook? The answer is yes, and display and PC makers alike have been happy to meet the growing demand for netbooks.
LEDs Come to the Forefront of General Lighting Applications
Authors: Eichelberger Christopher
Published: January 2019

High‐brightness LEDs used in solid‐state lighting are changing the way light is used to define areas, shape living spaces, save energy, influence moods, improve security, and transfer information. Lighting designers using LEDs will have the ability to transform the way we see the world.
Beneath the Surface
Authors: Walker Geoff , Fihn Mark
Published: January 2019

Surface computing is about integrating the physical world and the virtual world through the use of vision‐based touch. While Microsoft's Surface product is the best‐known implementation of surface computing, it is far from the only one. Expanding university research on touch continues to make use of vision‐based touch as a foundation, which in turn will help move surface computing toward full commercialization.
Display Week 2010 Review: LCDs
Authors: Poor Alfred
Published: January 2019

Liquid‐crystal‐display technology continues to dominate.
Display Week 2010 Review and Market Outlook: Can OLED Displays Make the Move from the Mobile Phone to the TV?
Authors: Semenza Paul
Published: January 2019

Recent announcements of advanced‐generation active‐matrix OLED production are creating the momentum needed to start the transition to large panels for the TV market, but manufacturing challenges remain in scaling up substrate size and driving down costs.
Two New Technology Developments in the LCD Industry
Authors: Su Jenn Jia , Lin Hsiang‐lin , Lien Alan
Published: January 2019

Flat‐panel‐display manufacturers are looking for ways to extend the display market. Besides increasing the size and improving the image quality of displays, new functions can provide additional applications for the product. Among the new technologies currently being implemented and investigated are 3‐D and in‐cell touch.
Making a Greener TFT‐LCD
Authors: Chen Po‐Lun , Niu Ming‐Kwan
Published: January 2019

Recently, green technology has become a key driver for TFT‐LCD development. Green technologies in TFT‐LCDs include product designs that are environmentally friendly, alterative manufacturing processes, and more. Achieving high transmittance of an LCD cell as well as reducing overall system power requirements are key elements, along with clean process alternatives for manufacturing. These are the most promising approaches for green TFT‐LCDs. The authors from AU Optronics will describe the process involved in making a greener LCD.
The State of the Touch‐Screen Panel Market in 2011
Authors: Lee Duke
Published: January 2019

Each touch technology comes with its own strengths and weaknesses, a situation that is providing many differentiation elements for touch‐screen panel makers. The cost competitiveness, profitability, and customer acceptance of the different technologies will become increasingly important as competition intensifies.
Symposium Preview
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

Plan your visit to Display Week 2011 with an advance look at some of the most exciting developments that will be revealed in this year's display‐technology sessions.
Multiprimary‐Color Displays and Their Evaluation Methods
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiro
Published: January 2019

A multiprimary‐color display provides high fidelity and wide‐gamut color reproduction, as well as power savings and other advantages. New methods will be required for evaluating multiprimary displays, particularly in terms of color gamut, color accuracy, and smooth tone reproduction.
2011 SID Display of the Year Award Winners
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

The Society for Information Display's Display of the Year Awards committee has selected six award winners that advanced the state of the art of electronic‐display products and technology during 2010 in the categories of Display of the Year, Display Component of the Year, and Display Application of the Year. All of this year's winners are either mobile displays or components for mobile displays.
Predicting the Future
Authors: Fihn Mark
Published: January 2019

It might be impossible to foresee the future in absolute terms, but experts in a given field can discuss general trends with a degree of accuracy. For this special Display Week issue, Information Display invited an expert analyst who has covered the display industry for many years to predict the progress of trends in five key areas: flexible substrates, display standards, 3‐D, high resolution, and touch panels. Read on to find out what display capabilities you will be using, buying, and manufacturing in years to come.
Display Week 2011 Review: 3‐D
Authors: Sechrist Steve
Published: January 2019

Active‐polarization switching may be the shape of things to come for home 3‐D.
Liquid‐Crystal Technology Advances toward Future “True” 3‐D Flat‐Panel Displays
Authors: Bos Philip J. , Bhowmik Achintya K.
Published: January 2019

Several liquid‐crystal technology goals must be considered for 3‐D flat‐panel‐display implementations to achieve high visual performance.
Tutorial on 3‐D Technologies for Home LCD TVs
Authors: Kim Seonki
Published: January 2019

Technical advances are continuously being made in the area of shutter‐glasses 3‐D systems. Knowledge of several key elements – cross‐talk, fast liquid crystals, high‐speed driving techniques, and LED backlights – is essential in understanding this technology, as well as what comes next.
Transparent Film and Substrate Technology for Touch Screens and Flexible‐Display Applications
Authors: Blake Jeff , Paynton Richard
Published: January 2019

Flexible electronic displays with touch screens are increasingly used in demanding outdoor environments. Design engineers are challenged to develop optical systems that meet a wide thermal range (–40° to +85°C) and comply with diverse optical, electrical, and mechanical parameters. This article describes possible solutions, including transparent thin‐film anti‐reflective and conductive coatings. Also discussed are technologies being currently employed such as conductive transparent oxides [e.g., indium tin oxide (ITO)], carbon nanotubes, and silver nano‐particles. The optical and mechanical properties of substrates used in the fabrication of flexible displays and touch screens are also reviewed.
OLEDs in Transition
Authors: Semenza Paul
Published: January 2019

The OLED industry is in the midst of change – from passive to active matrix and from small to larger sizes. This change is being driven by a significant amount of investment in active‐matrix OLED manufacturing facilities – with the ultimate goal being to compete in the TV market. While the industry attempted to commercialize OLED TV in the past, the cost structure and productive capacity were not ready. This time, the pieces are coming together for a successful market entry.
Display Glass: Bigger, Thinner, and Stronger
Authors: Semenza Paul
Published: January 2019

Glass substrates are a key building block for flat‐panel displays, serving optical, mechanical, and electronic functions. The market has grown along with the display industry, and innovations such as thin substrates and cover glass have served to increase its value.
Wet‐Processable Transparent Conductive Materials
Authors: Spaid Michael
Published: January 2019

A novel wet‐processable transparent electrode material exhibits significant performance advantages over ITO. This material has recently achieved mass production in smart phones.
Products on Display at Display Week 2012
Authors:   The Editorial Staff
Published: January 2019

Some of the products on display at North America's largest electronic‐information‐display exhibition are previewed.
Display Week 2012 Review: 3‐D
Authors: Sechrist Steve
Published: January 2019

Developers forge ahead with both stereoscopic and autostereoscopic applications, with an emphasis on eye tracking.
Display Week 2012 Review: Touch Technology
Authors: Walker Geoff
Published: January 2019

2012 was the year that in‐cell capacitive touch became real. It didn't happen with big fanfare; in fact, you had to put together pieces from the Symposium, the Monday Technology Seminars, the Thursday Market Focus touch conference, and the exhibits to get the full picture. But it was there and it's significant.
Real‐Time Dynamic Holographic 3‐D Display
Authors: Gao Hongyue , Li Xiao , He Zhenghong , Su Yikai , Poon Ting‐Chung
Published: January 2019

Using a proprietary thin film with a super‐fast holographic response and no applied electric field, the authors have produced a real‐time dynamic holographic display‐concept demonstration with holographic images that can be refreshed on the order of a millisecond without crosstalk. The film's combined properties make it suitable for a large‐sized, real‐time, dynamic, color, holographic 3‐D display.
“Super Hi‐Vision” as Next‐Generation Television and Its Video Parameters
Authors: Yamashita Takayuki , Masuda Hiroyasu , Masaoka Kenichiro , Ohmura Kohei , Emoto Masaki , Nishida Yukihiro , Sugawara Masayuki
Published: January 2019

Future TVs, using a Super Hi‐Vision system, will be able to deliver an enhanced and even unprecedented viewing experience in various environments.
Quantum‐Dot Displays: Giving LCDs a Competitive Edge through Color
Authors: Chen Jian , Hardev Veeral , Yurek Jeff
Published: January 2019

Quantum‐dot technology is bringing wide color gamut to LCDs, giving them a leg up on another advantage that once belonged to OLEDs.
Characterization of 3‐D Gray‐to‐Gray Crosstalk with a Matrix of Lightness Differences
Authors: Van Parys Hans , Teunissen Kees , Ševo Aleksandar
Published: January 2019

Stereoscopic televisions, which are mainly striped‐retarder displays with passive glasses or time‐sequential displays with active glasses, are emerging in the consumer market. 3‐D crosstalk is an important characteristic that defines the quality of these displays. A new crosstalk metric is proposed that uses an intuitive matrix representation with perceptually relevant lightness‐difference values instead of the single percentage value that is often used.
Q&A: A Conversation with the People Behind the IDMS
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

The Information Display Measurements Standard (IDMS) represents years of work by many individuals in the display industry who form the International Committee for Display Metrology (ICDM). The standard would not exist in its present form, however, without the contributions of ICDM committee chair Joe Miseli and IDMS Editor Ed Kelley. Both Miseli and Kelley recently described the challenges and highlights of the process.
2013 SID Honors and Awards
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

This year's winners of the Society for Information Display's Honors and Awards include Dr. Isamu Akasaki, who will receive the Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize for his seminal contributions to the development of high‐quality single‐crystal GaN‐based semiconductors and their PN‐junction blue LEDs and lasers; Dr. Marc Baldo, who will receive the Jan Rajchman Prize for his outstanding contributions to the discovery of phosphorescent‐OLED devices; Dr. Hoi‐Sing Kwok, who will be awarded the Slottow‐Owaki Prize for providing education and training in display technology to many students and professionals in the Asia region through the creation of a display research center; and Dr. Shigeo Mikoshiba, who will receive the Lewis & Beatrice Winner Award for his sustained exceptional contributions to SID for over 30 years.
Zinc‐Oxynitride TFTs: Toward a New High‐Mobility Low‐Cost Thin‐Film Semiconductor
Authors: Ye Yan
Published: January 2019

Demands for high‐performance, low‐cost, and low‐energy‐consumption displays continue to drive the development of new semiconductor materials. The success of the metal‐oxide semiconductor IGZO for display backplanes has triggered even more activity, and zinc oxynitride is proposed as a possible solution.
AMOLED Production: Entering a New Era?
Authors: Semenza Paul
Published: January 2019

Active‐matrix organic light‐emitting‐diode (AMOLED) displays have many attractive features that have led companies to attempt to manufacture them, but one country – Korea – currently accounts for the vast majority of AMOLED‐display manufacturing capacity. Ambitious investment plans in China, Japan, and Taiwan could change this balance over the next several years.
SID 2013 Display Industry Award Winners
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

Once again, The Society for Information Display's Display Industry Awards Committee has selected six award winners that have advanced the state of the art of display products and technology in the categories of Display of the Year, Display Component of the Year, and Display Application of the Year.
Shipments of AMOLED TV Panels Will Be Limited for the Next Few Years
Authors: Jakhanwal Vinita
Published: January 2019

Compared to LCDs, AMOLED TV panels will represent a small part of the total panel market in the years ahead, even as AMOLED TV panel production increases.
Natural and Intuitive User Interfaces with Perceptual Computing Technologies
Authors: Bhowmik Achintya K.
Published: January 2019

The ways we interface and interact with computing, communications, and entertainment devices are changing. A transition to natural and intuitive user interfaces promises to usher in a new class of exciting and immersive applications and user experiences.
The North American Display Business Environment
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

This article, the first in an occasional series that looks at business environments around the world, describes the historical, economic, and other conditions that affect display companies doing business in North America.
Raising Capital for Technology Ventures
Authors: Seetzen Helge
Published: January 2019

Investors come in different packages. It's important to know the various types, along with their pluses and minuses. This article is the second of four in a series by a venture capital expert who has both launched and funded new companies.
Developing a 110‐in. 4K × 2K TV
Authors: Chen Li‐Yi , Chen Yu‐Yeh , Hou Hung‐Lung , Mo Yuming , Chiu Chung‐Yi
Published: January 2019

China Star has demonstrated a 110‐in. LCD TV that has an outstanding dynamic contrast ratio of 50000:1, ultra‐high brightness of 1000 nits, high‐saturated color reproduction, and a 288‐zone local‐dimming backlight. Manufacturing a high‐definition high‐quality TV in such a large size brings with it special manufacturing challenges.
Novel Emissive Projection Display Digitizes Glass Windows
Authors: Sun Ted X. , Cheng Botao
Published: January 2019

An innovative emissive‐projection‐display (EPD) system consisting of a fully transparent fluorescent screen and a blue‐light‐emitting digital projector can be used for digital signage on the windows of buildings or vehicles. The screen can be applied to any window without obstructing the view through the glass.
The Ins and Outs of Venture Capital
Authors: Seetzen Helge
Published: January 2019

Raising venture capital funds is an exciting and often necessary step for your start‐up. It's also fraught with potential pitfalls that could cost you your company. The third article in our venture capital series examines key terms used in investment deals and offers valuable insights into the venture capital business model.
Applying OLEDs in a Manufacturing Process
Authors: Gilge Kai , Werner Ansgar , Murano Sven
Published: January 2019

The organic chemical compounds used in OLED display manufacturing require careful appreciation, characterization, and analysis. When they are paired with the right manufacturing processes, impressive results can be achieved.
Flat‐Panel‐Display Backplanes: LTPS or IGZO for AMLCDs or AMOLED Displays?
Authors: Wager John F.
Published: January 2019

After more than 20 years as the flat‐panel‐display backplane TFT material of choice, a‐Si:H is running out of steam. The two contending replacement options are LTPS and IGZO. Which is better and how does this material choice impact the race between AMLCD and AMOLED‐display front‐plane technologies?
Augmented Edge Enhancement on Google Glass for Vision‐Impaired Users
Authors: Hwang Alex D. , Peli Eli
Published: January 2019

Google Glass provides a unique platform that can be easily extended to become a vision‐enhancement tool for people with impaired vision. The authors have implemented augmented vision on Glass that places enhanced edge information over a wearer's real‐world view. This article is based on the paper, “Augmented Edge Enhancement for Vision Impairment Using Google Glass,” to be presented at the 2014 Display Week technical symposium on Wednesday, June 4.
Technologies and Requirements for Digital Pens
Authors: Haran On
Published: January 2019

N‐trig, a maker of digital pens and an innovator of touch technology, describes what to look for and what to expect when selecting a digital pen for mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and subnotebooks.
New Trends in Touch
Authors: Colegrove Jennifer
Published: January 2019

With touch panels becoming ubiquitous, the touch industry is undergoing rapid change. Touch Display Research, Inc., reports on its most recent survey of the leading manufacturers in the touch‐screen, ITO‐replacement, and touchless‐control industries.
Rendering of Detail in Televisions
Authors: Kelley Edward F.
Published: January 2019

One of the creators of the IDMS (Information Display Measurements Standard) takes the measure of the very latest curved OLED TVs compared to LCD TVs. In this third article in a series, he looks at how well these displays render detail and at their resolution performance.
I‐Zone and Best‐in‐Show Winners
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

The Society for Information Display honored six exhibiting companies at Display Week 2014 in San Diego last June. These companies were Ostendo Technologies for best prototype in the Innovation Zone and AUO, BOE, GroGlass, LG Display, and Nanosys for Best‐in‐Show winners on the main exhibit floor.
Flex for Real
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

The increasing reality of flexible technology was clear at Display Week 2014, where it appeared on the show floor, in the technical sessions, and as the subject of its own Market Focus Conference. e‐Paper also appeared in its largest format yet.
Gazing at the Future of Monitors
Authors: Raikes Bob
Published: January 2019

A strange contradiction exists in the display business. While there have been major improvements in many of the displays in our lives, including mobile devices and TVs, few of these improvements have reached the displays many of us spend the most time with – desktop monitors.
UHD Calls for New TV Infrastructure
Authors: Wan Wade
Published: January 2019

To deliver UHD performance, service providers must develop and deploy a new generation of set‐top boxes and other equipment that take advantage of a new set of standards.
Display Week 2014 Review: Touch Technology
Authors: Walker Geoff
Published: January 2019

Display Week is the single best place in the Western hemisphere to see and learn about touch technologies.
The Pursuit of Innovation
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

The Japanese display industry has been challenged by competition from overseas, the elimination or downgrading of previously successful product categories such as plasma TVs and video cameras, and an uncertain national economy. Both the public and private sectors are betting on the power of innovation to help the display industry and the rest of the Japanese consumer‐electronics industry rise to the top once more.
2015 SID Honors and Awards
Authors: Donelan Jenny
Published: January 2019

This year's winners of the Society for Information Display's Honors and Awards include Junji Kido, who will receive the Karl Ferdinand Braun Prize for his outstanding contributions to the science and technology of OLEDs and pioneering contributions to commercializing white OLEDs for general lighting applications; Shohei Naemura, who will be awarded the Jan Rajchman Prize for his outstanding achievements in the chemical physics of liquid crystals and contributions to research on LCDs; Ingrid Heynderickx, who will receive the Otto Schade Prize for her outstanding contributions to the measurement, specification, and improvement of the image quality of electronic‐display technologies; Jin Jang, who will be awarded the Slottow–Owaki Award for his major contributions to display education and active‐matrix‐display development, including AMOLED displays, AMLCDs, and flexible displays; and Allan R. Kmetz, who will receive the Lewis and Beatrice Winner Award for his exceptional and sustained service to the Society for Information Display.
Solid‐State Lighting for Illumination and Displays: Opportunities and Challenges for Color Excellence
Authors: Whitehead Lorne
Published: January 2019

Solid‐state light sources are transforming luminaires and information displays, enabling screens to illuminate rooms and luminaires to form images. Maintaining color excellence, from all perspectives, will be challenging but worthwhile.