bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Nation’s Commitment in Old Age Insurance for Workers
Authors: Chazali H. Situmorang
Published: December 2023

The existence of a nation is to fulfill multiple needs and wants, that requires the people to work together in order to fulfill their needs – as they could not fulfill it has individually. Thus, based on each person’s skill, each of them has their own tasks and works together to fulfill their needs. This unity is called society or nation. In a sovereign nation framework based on the 1945 Constitution, one of them is to provide social security for every citizen Social security is also stated in the 1948 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and further emphasized in the International Labour Organizations Convention No. 102/1952. Aligned with those regulations, the Indonesian Parliament (MPR-RI) in TAP No. X/MOR/2001 assigned the President to create the Nasional Social Security System (SJSN) to provide an integrated and comprehensive social security. Indonesia, as a part of the global world, has signed numerous world conventions and must be held accountable in improving the social welfare and protection for its citizens. In the implementation of JHT-SJSN, the findings are: (1) the nation’s commitment has been relatively weak; (2) the regulations have been inconsistent; (3) the regulations have multiple interpretations; and (4) the advocacy and socialization have not been maximised. These findings are interconnected with each other. The first, second, and third findings are based on the same subject, which are Regulation No. 46, No. 60, and the Labour Minister Regulation No. 19/2015, that were cascaded from the SJSN Act. The fourth finding is subject to the efforts of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan must intensify the advocacy and socialization of JHT philosophy and benefits for workers, so that they can age gracefully. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Management has to create the necessary system and operational procedures.
Implementation of Direct Cash Assistance Funds for Excise Products on Tobacco Products (BLT DBHCHT)
Authors: Fastabiqul Khairat
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on how the government allocates revenue-sharing funds from tobacco excise to workers in cigarette factories in the form of direct cash assistance. The very large processing of tobacco products should encourage equitable distribution of welfare. The government pays attention to this by making regulations regarding the use of revenue-sharing funds for tobacco products, known as DBHCHT, in the form of direct cash assistance (BLT). BLT DBHCHT is a form of social protection, which is theoretically understood as part of a social policy designed to pay special attention to vulnerable groups by ensuring income security and access to social services for all. This research uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach. The findings in this study include that the implementation so far has gone smoothly, but actually, BLT DBHCHT is the easiest way for the government to be pragmatic, and very short-term. Communication between implementing agencies related to DBHCHT is still limited to formal communication, it has not touched on what the real needs of beneficiaries are.
Thermal performance enhancement in the receiver part of solar parabolic trough collectors
Authors:   Physical-technical institute, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Akhatov Jasurjon , Akhmadov Kh , Juraboyev N ,   Physical-technical institute, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan
Published: December 2023

In this study, CFD analysis for thermal performance of absorber tube with inner helical axial fins which is used in solar PTC collector is considered and compared. Three-dimensional numerical model simulations were performed using flow and heat transfer interfaces in COMSOL Multiphysics software. Water is used as heat transfer fluid and copper was chosen as receiver tube material. Sun's radiation is considered as constant at around (Io=1000 W/m2) and concentration ratio is C=60. Inlet velocity of heat transfer fluid is changed from 0.2ms to 0.2 4 ms in order to define its magnitude with the length of absorber tube. Electrical analog method is utilized for mathematical modeling to evaluate heat losses through the absorber tube. Variations of surface and fluid temperature are determined to investigate the receiver which shows better performance in the given boundary conditions. In the discussion section of the article, temperature variation of the receiver tube and HTF during this process is presented.
Distribution of biphenyl degraders in soil samples in Mosul-Iraq
Authors:   Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Mosul, Sophi R , Faisal Rayan
Published: December 2023

This work aimed to study the distribution of biphenyl degrading isolates from different soils in Nineveh governorate. Fifty five soil samples were collected from reeds soil, sandy soil, landfill soil, oil refinery soil, agricultural soil, sulfur station soil, garden soil, and sewage contaminated soil. Nine isolates were diagnosed based on their cultural characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Five isolates belonged to Rhodococcus, and the other four were diagnosed as Extensimonas perlucida, Achromobacter sp., Microbacterium barkeri, and Pseudomonas luteola. The sequences were submitted to NCBI and given the initials RM. Our results showed that the soil samples with the highest source of biphenyl degraders was Mishraq sulfur station soil (33.33%) followed by sewage soil (28.57%). On the other hand no biphenyl degraders were isolated from oil refinery soils, agricultural soils and garden soils. Growth rates of the nine biphenyl degraders varied with different strains reflecting the efficiency of their enzymes in degrading biphenyl. Two sets of primers were used to detect dioxygenases used by the isolates. The primer BPHD-f3 and BPHD-r1 was used to amplify a 524bp DNA fragment from the Rieske non-heme iron dioxygenase gene expected to be used in the initial step of biphenyl degradation and was found in 5/9 biphenyl degrading isolates. The second set of primers (DOalpha-2 and DOalpha-3) was designed to target angular dioxygenase genes involved in the first step of aromatic hydrocarbon degradation other than biphenyl. Interestingly, our results showed that E. perlucida and Pseudomonas luteola RM9 contains an angular dioxygenase gene that is probably involved in degrading other aromatic compounds besides biphenyl.
Growth of synthetic diamond films and their electrophysical properties
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University, Nabiyev Asef , Huseynov J ,   Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University
Published: December 2023

The possibilities of formation of single-crystal homoepitaxial diamond structures grown by the method of vapor-phase chemical deposition are investigated. Optimal technological conditions for the formation of structures are suggested. The layer with p-type conductivity formation process depending on the temperature and time is determined. It was shown that applied thermal treatment method in hydrogen can be an alternative to the conventional method of H layer formation in microwave hydrogen plasma due to simpler and more reproducible. The profile distribution of boron atoms in a diamond crystal was determined under different implantation modes. The temperature dependence of specific conductivity in the temperature range 80–700 K was studied, and the activation energy was calculated. The results of Hall measurements of the electrophysical parameters of implanted samples are presented, and the effect of nitrogen concentration on the electrophysical parameters is revealed. The electrophysical parameters of the structures obtained under various modes of ion implantation of boron in a crystal and subsequent annealing are presented. The possibility of creating a field effect transistor on a hydrogenated diamond surface is shown. The current-voltage characteristic of the manufactured sample was studied and it was shown that it demonstrates low leakage through the gate.
EMPREGO REGIONAL E NACIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA PERSISTÊNCIA DOS CHOQUES NAS SÉRIES BRASILEIRAS
Authors: Kehrle Luiz Rodrigues , Porsse Alexandre Alves
Published: December 2023

Utiliza uma metodologia baseada em análise de séries temporais para testar a persistência dos choques em séries trimestrais do emprego regional e nacional no Brasil. Os resultados indicam diferenças de comportamento entre algumas regiões, de modo que embora integradas às políticas de curto e longo prazos agem diferentemente sobre o emprego regional. Conclui que, embora os resultados para as regiões mais deprimidas do país exijam um certo grau de ponderação, no geral, as inovações decorrentes das políticas econômicas são efetivadas no sentido de um choque positivo (negativo) pode levar a economia para um maior (menor) nível de equilíbrio.
OS DETERMINANTES DO CRESCIMENTO DA POPULAÇÃO E DO EMPREGO DAS MICRORREGIÕES DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL – 1970/1996: UMA ABORDAGEM ECONOMÉTRICA
Authors: Vergolino Jose Raimundo Oliveira , Jatobá Alexandre Domingos Sávio Caldas
Published: December 2023

Analisa os determinantes do crescimento da região Nordeste no período 1970-1996, a partir de um banco de dados sociais, demográficos e econômicos das microrregiões (aglomerados de municípios com as mesmas características geoeconômicas). O trabalho está dividido em seis seções, das quais a primeira é a introdução. A segunda seção contempla breves considerações sobre a dinâmica do emprego e da população da região nordestina nos últimos anos. A terceira apresenta o marco teórico; a quarta enfoca a escolha do modelo econométrico a ser utilizado. A quinta seção mostra os principais resultados obtidos e a última enumera as principais conclusões e algumas recomendações.
A CRIMINALIDADE NA REGIÃO POLICIAL DA GRANDE SÃO PAULO SOB A ÓTICA DA ECONOMIA DO CRIME
Authors: Pereira Rogério , Fernandez José Carrera
Published: December 2023

Trata a questão da criminalidade na Região Policial da Grande São Paulo (RPGSP), tomando como referência o agregado de ocorrências policiais registradas, bem como as modalidades específicas de furto e roubo de veículos. Tenta entender um pouco mais a respeito do fenômeno da criminalidade nessa importante região, para que modela uma curva de oferta de atividades criminosas, tomando-se como referencial teórico os modelos de alocação ótima do tempo no escopo da economia do crime. Fazendo uso dos modelos de co-integração e do mecanismo de correção de erros, ajusta curvas de oferta para as modalidades de crimes agregados e furto e roubo de veículos. Os resultados econométricos mostram que o aumento dos índices de desemprego e de concentração de renda, a redução do rendimento médio do trabalho e a deterioração das performances da polícia e da justiça explicam o crescimento da atividade criminosa nessa região, tanto para os crimes agregados quanto para aqueles específicos de furto e roubo de veículos.
Առաջադրանքային կառավարման և զորքերի կառավարման պարզաբանում / An explanation of Mission Command and Command and Control
Authors: Nivens D.
Published: December 2023

Mission command and command and control are not separate processes that commanders must choose between. Mission command is the approach, or the way the Army has chosen to perform command and control functions. Mission command leverages all competent leaders across the battlefield with a shared understanding of the mission and the commander’s intent to exercise disciplined initiative to accomplish missions. Mission command does not relinquish a commander’s authority, it is a philosophy of pushing the authority down to enable subordinate leaders. But, mission command must be trained.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis of patients with laryngeal cancer
Authors: Walasek Marzena , Ziemba Michał , Perko Agnieszka , Zomkowska Edyta , Bielecki Paweł , Sieśkiewicz Andrzej
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Patients’ access to public healthcare has been limited during the COVID-19 pandemic. The psychological factor – the fear of patients and medical staff of infection, especially before the introduction of vaccinations – had also a negative impact on the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Aim

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the degree of advancement of laryngeal cancer in patients referring for diagnosis and treatment to a IV-level clinical referral hospital.

Material and methods

The medical documentation of patients presenting to IVth level reference clinical hospital was retrospectively analyzed in pre-, during and post-pandemic period of time. The total number of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED), inclusive of those receiving otolaryngological consultation, patients diagnosed with laryngeal cancer and advancement stage of disease was assessed. Additionally the comprehensive count of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures pertaining to the larynx and trachea, during the three above mentioned periods of time was performed.

Results and discussion

The study revealed a significant decrease in the number of patients presenting to the ED during the pandemic, with a more pronounced drop among otolaryngological patients. The number of patients with laryngeal tumor treated in our hospital as well as the number of laryngeal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures remained stable throughout analysed periods of time. During pandemic period significant drop of patients with early-stage (T1) laryngeal cancers was observed.

Conclusions

Despite maintained surgical activity in level IV reference hospital, fewer patients with early stage of laryngeal cancer (T1) were diagnosed and treated during pandemic.
Financial Risk Assessment using Machine Learning Engineering (FRAME): Scenario based Quantitative Analysis under Uncertainty
Authors: Kovur Krishna Mohan , Gedela Medha , Rao Arjun M.
Published: December 2023

Risk management functions, under uncertainty, in the Banking Industry have been changing and will continue to change with the recent advancements and innovations. Embracing uncertainty and working with measurable risk becomes critical, therefore quantitative risk severity assessment is critical for sustainable financial excellence. In this paper, the authors propose Financial Risk Assessment using Machine Learning Engineering (FRAME) based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), which has two significant contributions. Firstly, adoption of machine learning models for banking towards risk quantification and secondly, granularity that emphases on customized logic via multi-factor analysis modeling at different levels of abstraction connecting machine learning models. These contributions will help Financial Institutions (Fis) that will gain the most benefits and opportunities. In a nutshell, the framework analysis presented in this paper is intended as a step towards building a framework of risk modeling from qualitative to quantitative, viewed at different levels of abstraction to access risk severity in the banking applications.
Recent Innovations in Sports Physiology: Shaping the Future of Athletic Performance
Authors: Saadati Seyed Alireza
Published: December 2023

This article provides an in-depth exploration of the dynamic field of sports physiology and its critical impact on athletic performance and training. It begins by examining the integration of sports physiology in coaching and athlete training, highlighting the shift towards personalized training regimes. These regimes are increasingly informed by genetic and physiological data, allowing for tailored workout plans that optimize performance and minimize injury risks. The role of wearable technology in this context is emphasized, showcasing how real-time physiological monitoring is revolutionizing training methodologies. The article then delves into the role of sports physiology in injury prevention and management, discussing innovations that have led to more effective injury prevention strategies, advancements in protective gear, and rehabilitation techniques grounded in the latest research. A significant focus is placed on the impact of environmental factors such as altitude, temperature, and humidity on athletic performance. This section underscores the importance of acclimatization strategies and physiological adaptations, enabling athletes to optimize performance in diverse environmental conditions. The discussion extends to cover the implications of these environmental factors, technological advancements, and personalized training approaches on injury prevention and management. It also explores the future directions of sports physiology research, highlighting emerging areas such as genomics and metabolomics, and the importance of bridging the gap between research and practical application. The article concludes by synthesizing these insights, underscoring their profound implications for the future of sports physiology and athletic performance. It emphasizes the importance of integrating scientific findings into practical applications, reflecting the evolving nature of sports physiology as a key driver in enhancing athletic performance, health, and career longevity. This comprehensive overview offers a detailed perspective on the current state and future potential of sports physiology, illustrating its pivotal role in the realm of competitive sports and athlete development.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VERTICAL JUMP HEIGHT AND NEGATIVE BLOCK PERFORMANCE OF ELITE MALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS AT THE SPIKER AND MIDDLE PLAYER POSITIONS
Authors: Görkem İşgüzar Mehmet , Mahmutović Ifet , Tokat Fatma , Arapović - Podrug Marijana , Uslu Serdar
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between vertical jump height and negative block performance of elite male volleyball players in the positions of spiker and middle player. Twenty-two players, 10 middle players and 12 spikers, aged 25-30 years, playing in professional volleyball league in Turkey participated in the study. During 15 training matches, vertical jump distances were recorded with VERT belt and negative block performances (-) ineffective block and (=) erroneous block percentages) were recorded with Data Volley4 software. Since the data did not show normal distribution as a result of normality analysis performed in SPSS 25 program, the relationship between the variables was determined by Spearman correlation analysis. As a result of the analysis, there was no correlation between the average jump height of the middle players and their block error percentages, while there was a strong positive significant correlation in ineffective block percentages. There was a strong positive correlation between the vertical jump height of the spikers and their ineffective block percentage, while there was a strong negative correlation in their block error percentage. As the vertical jump height of the middle players and spikers increased, ineffective block percentage increased. It can be said that as the vertical jump height of the spikers increases, the block error percentage decreases, while the vertical jump height of the middle players does not affect the block error percentage.
Sentiment Analysis of Public Opinion on the 2024 Presidential Election in Indonesia Using Twitter Data with the K-NN Method
Authors: Diantoro Karno , Soderi Ahmad , Rohman Abdur , Sitorus Anwar T.
Published: December 2023

Twitter is often used by the public as a platform to speak and express their opinions, especially in the context of the 2024 Presidential Election. Tweets related to the '2024 Presidential Election' can be used as a source of data for social media analysis to determine whether the expressed opinions tend to be positive or negative. The research process involves data collection of tweets, preprocessing, tokenization, class attribute determination, directory filling, sentiment analysis, and classification steps, including testing the value of k and testing the confusion matrix. The research and testing results show that the K-NN method successfully achieves a sentiment classification accuracy rate of 86.48%.
Методика навчання в умовах гібридних загроз
Authors: Балашов Едуард Михайлович , Білоконь Михайло Вячеславович , Борозенцева Тетяна Валеріївна , Головянко Марія Валентинівна , Гришко Світлана Валеріївна , Жовтенко Тарас Григорович , Карпенко Оксана Олександрівна , Копієвська Ольга Рафаілівна , Котуков Олександр Анатолійович , Худ Павло
Published: December 2023

Посібник з методики навчання в умовах гібридних загроз створений як один із результатів проєкту WARN “Академічна протидія гібридним загрозам”, за фінансової підтримки програми ЄС Еразмус+, №610133-EPP-1-2019-1-FI-EPPKA2-CBHE-JP.
Мета проєкту полягає у підвищенні рівня національної безпеки шляхом подолання нестачі суспільних безпекових сервісів, яка виникла через появу гібридних загроз. Це – загрози нового типу, вони створюються скоординованими та синхронізованими діями, які свідомо спрямовані на системні вразливості демократичних держав та інститутів за допомогою широкого спектру засобів. Головною вразливістю гібридних загроз стає демократичний процес прийняття рішень та всі, хто бере в ньому участь. Люди опиняються незахищеними, якщо не вміють розпізнавати гібридні загрози, визначати не локальну, а загальну мету гібридних впливів, а також – об’єднувати зусилля та захищати свій робочий та соціальний простір від гібридних загроз. Для ефективної протидії цьому новому типу загроз проєкт WARN запровадив превентивне навчання та підготовку громадян як агентів захисту. Це стає можливим завдяки додаванню до будь-якої освітньої програми унікальної компетентності, що спрямована на вміння виконувати свої професійні та громадські обов’язки в неочікуваних, непрогнозованих, навіть – в екстремальних ситуаціях, спричинених гібридними загрозами.  Специфічна методика навчання є невід’ємною складовою формування такої компетентності, бо саме вона дозволяє напрацьовувати навички комплексного захисту та протидії гібридним загрозам.
Mechanism of public-private partnership in the grain product sub-complex
Authors: Tireuov Kanat , Mizanbekova Salima , Kaiyrbayeva Ainur , Ordabayeva Gulzinat , Mizanbekov Ilias
Published: December 2023

Modernization of the economy is designated by the government of Kazakhstan as a strategic goal; the grain product subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex is identified as one of the main directions of modernization. World experience shows that without public-private partnership (PPP), the development and effective functioning of a modern national innovation system that ensures comprehensive modernization in all sectors of agriculture is impossible. Development of mechanisms for public-private partnership when carrying out the modernization of subjects of the grain product subcomplex, selection of methods and tools that contribute to increasing the susceptibility of agribusiness to innovative development, allowing for the fullest use of the positive impact of external and internal factors, as well as improving the mechanism for coordinating the interests of the state, entrepreneurs and investors, taking into account the specifics of production in each industry – requires appropriate theoretical, methodological and methodological support.
This textbook was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AR09259262 “Public-private partnership in the grain product subcomplex as the basis for the intensive development of the agro-industrial complex”).
REVITALISASI PERAN MAHASISWA MENJAGA KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP DENGAN FALSAFAH HIDUP PODA NA LIMA
Authors: Lubis Hasan Basri , Nuddin Muhammad
Published: December 2023

In the era of globalization, environmental problems are growing rapidly, meaning that these problems are a serious threat to the nation and state. High population numbers are one of the main triggers for the destruction of existing environmental sustainability, followed by a decline in attitudes to protect the environment. Garbage accumulation at Sipirok Market is very common due to the unavailability of adequate facilities so that people can burn garbage and dispose of it somewhere. This study aims to describe environmental sustainability in the Tabagsel area and provide solutions to students regarding their functions and roles. The research method used in this research is descriptive research. The results of this study are that students will be able to protect the environment and preserve nature by upholding the philosophy of Poda Na Lima. The philosophy of Poda Na Lima is the basis of teachings, education, advice and community rules which are a way of life.
Information technologies as a means of combating corruption in the Russian Federation
Authors: Ageev Vyacheslav
Published: December 2023

The object of the study of this article is the Federal Law "On Combating Corruption" dated December 25, 2008, as well as the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation "On the State information system in the field of anti-corruption "Poseidon" dated April 25, 2022. The subject of this study is information technology as a means of combating corruption in the Russian Federation. The author in the article examines in detail the issues of state policy in the field of combating corruption, analyzes the regulatory framework on the use of information technologies in the field of combating corruption, as well as the work of various information systems for the provision of public services to the population. Pays attention to the issues of the structure, operation and implementation of the state information system in the field of anti-corruption "Poseidon" in the activities of public authorities. The research methodology was primarily based on the normative legal acts of the Russian Federation, as well as the works of Russian scientists. The article used both general scientific and special research methods. The novelty of the research lies in the insufficient number of studies on the problems of the article. As a result of the research, the author comes to the following conclusions: information technologies have a great impact on all spheres of government activity and public life. The state's anti-corruption policy is also influenced by new trends. Moreover, the introduction of information technologies, the so-called "digitalization", remains one of the most relevant areas in the field of combating corruption today; the information and technical component of the fight against corruption will constantly develop and improve, the state needs to take into account these trends and promptly turn them into the legal field; the creation and implementation of GIS Poseidon is a very timely and modern step that meets the current stage of society's development; it is necessary to develop the anti-corruption potential of successfully operating digital products for the provision of public services and develop new information systems, gradually synchronizing them with existing ones.
Speed, human reality, and the ribovirocell of human existence in the COVID19 and post-COVID19 space-time
Authors: Uche Iheanetu Chidinma , Tamášová Viola , Tandlich Roman
Published: December 2023

In this follow up paper, the ribovirocell concept from the first part of the study is linked to the ontological realm of human reality before, during and in the aftermath of COVID19. During this fluid space-time, human reality is multi-faceted and often very complicated. The authors present a division of the reality into fundamental reality and situational reality. Fundamental reality is based on the (physical) laws of nature such as the speed of light as a fundamental physical constant. This reality spans beyond the course of time as perceived by humans, which is beyond the duration of a single or multiple human lifespans and beyond the duration of the COIVD19 pandemic. Next to fundamental reality and overlapping with it, exists the situational reality, which humans experience directly themselves during their lifetime(s). Actions of humanity and of individual human beings contribute to the shaping of the situational reality. Examples of the situational reality can be e.g. experiencing atrocities that humanity has committed, humanity’s actions to prevent such atrocities in the future, as well as human progress in eliminating poverty/inequality in the world. At least, some aspects of human lives take place at the boundary between the fundamental and situational reality. The COVID19 pandemic is linked to the concepts and the boundary between the fundamental and situational reality that human’s experiences, such as speed of pandemic impact and shifting nature of reality. The ribovirocell state of one’s self is linked to the way to apply the speed as a threshold concept for resilience in the coronavirus space-time and the post-COVID19 world.
Specialized Training Workshops for Algerian EFL Teachers: A Transformative Pathway for ESP Instruction
Authors: Ouarniki Ouafa , Turqui Barkat
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transformative impact of online workshops on Algerian EFL teachers’ proficiency in teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction. These workshops were organized in response to Algeria’s pressing need for specialized training. Therefore, the core objective of the workshops is to improve teachers’ abilities and skills in needs analysis conduct and ESP course design. Within this context, this investigation employed a quasi-experimental method, combining both quantitative and qualitative data, to evaluate the workshops influence on participants’ attitudes, confidence, and instructional strategies. Notwithstanding certain limitations, the results emphasize the revolutionary potential of specialized teacher training in ESP education. The research concludes with suggestions and recommendations for upcoming workshops highlighting the significance of striking a balance between theory and practice.
Students’ perception on preventive archaeological research in Timisoara
Authors: Onițiu Atalia , Balaci Mariana
Published: December 2023

The research that has been carried out in recent years in the historical area of Timisoara constituted the context for conducting a sociological study regarding the perception of permanent residents and visitors of Timisoara, on these studies, both in terms of the legislative framework in which preventive archaeological investigations are carried out, their way of organization, but especially regarding their impact on the cultural heritage of the city. A separate category of subjects, individualized within the target group of the research, are the students. Our analysis follows the perception of 360 students, highlighting both their level of information and knowledge regarding the archaeological research carried out in Timisoara, but also their opinions regarding the impact and usefulness of this type of investigation for the cultural heritage and for the city of Timisoara. After analyzing the results, we could find that most students expressed themselves in favor of this type of archaeological investigation, perceived as necessary and useful, with an impact especially on local history, which should be restored and valued. The conclusions of the study are important in our opinion, as they reflect the perception of a significant category of the population, namely students (mostly young people, aged between 18-28).
The regional cooperation in the Western Balkans and the Open Balkans initiative
Authors: Bregu Meljana
Published: December 2023

The paper examines the efforts to enhance regional cooperation in the Western Balkans and how this has increased engagement between the EU and the Western Balkans. The regional initiatives are more present when the European Union (EU) shows little interest in the Western Balkans region. However, these efforts have yet to address all the concerns adequately and have not brought to life tangible results despite many political declarations. One of the most commented initiatives, like the Open Balkans, has caused concern in the region and caused tension between Kosovo and Albania over the past few years. The paper enlightens the challenges of regional cooperation during the last years, the contribution of this process in the integration process, and the role played by Albania. Also, the paper tries to analyze the success and failures of the “Open Balkan” initiative and the Regional Common Market. Furthermore, the paper framework examined the progress of regional cooperation initiatives and the region’s attention to the European integration process. Additionally, the paper seeks to determine whether regional cooperation is a viable alternative for the region or merely an external-driven initiative and the role of the EU in promoting regional cooperation.
Mitochondrial electron transport chain, ceramide, and coenzyme Q are linked in a pathway that drives insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
Authors: Diaz-Vegas Alexis , Madsen Søren , Cooke Kristen C , Carroll Luke , Khor Jasmine XY , Turner Nigel , Lim Xin Y , Astore Miro A , Morris Jonathan C , Don Anthony S , Garfield Amanda , Zarini Simona , Zemski Berry Karin A , Ryan Andrew P , Bergman Bryan C , Brozinick Joseph T , James David E , Burchfield James G
Published: December 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) is a complex metabolic disorder that underlies several human diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Despite extensive research, the precise mechanisms underlying IR development remain poorly understood. Previously we showed that deficiency of coenzyme Q (CoQ) is necessary and sufficient for IR in adipocytes and skeletal muscle (Fazakerley et al., 2018). Here, we provide new insights into the mechanistic connections between cellular alterations associated with IR, including increased ceramides, CoQ deficiency, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. We demonstrate that elevated levels of ceramide in the mitochondria of skeletal muscle cells result in CoQ depletion and loss of mitochondrial respiratory chain components, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and IR. Further, decreasing mitochondrial ceramide levels in vitro and in animal models (mice, C57BL/6J) (under chow and high-fat diet) increased CoQ levels and was protective against IR. CoQ supplementation also rescued ceramide-associated IR. Examination of the mitochondrial proteome from human muscle biopsies revealed a strong correlation between the respirasome system and mitochondrial ceramide as key determinants of insulin sensitivity. Our findings highlight the mitochondrial ceramide–CoQ–respiratory chain nexus as a potential foundation of an IR pathway that may also play a critical role in other conditions associated with ceramide accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, such as heart failure, cancer, and aging. These insights may have important clinical implications for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IR and related metabolic disorders.
Vertical transmission of maternal DNA through extracellular vesicles associates with altered embryo bioenergetics during the periconception period
Authors: Bolumar David , Moncayo-Arlandi Javier , Gonzalez-Fernandez Javier , Ochando Ana , Moreno Inmaculada , Monteagudo-Sanchez Ana , Marin Carlos , Diez Antonio , Fabra Paula , Checa Miguel Angel , Espinos Juan Jose , Gardner David K , Simon Carlos , Vilella Felipe
Published: December 2023

The transmission of DNA through extracellular vesicles (EVs) represents a novel genetic material transfer mechanism that may impact genome evolution and tumorigenesis. We aimed to investigate the potential for vertical DNA transmission within maternal endometrial EVs to the pre-implantation embryo and describe any effect on embryo bioenergetics. We discovered that the human endometrium secretes all three general subtypes of EV - apoptotic bodies (ABs), microvesicles (MVs), and exosomes (EXOs) - into the human endometrial fluid (EF) within the uterine cavity. EVs become uniformly secreted into the EF during the menstrual cycle, with the proportion of different EV populations remaining constant; however, MVs contain significantly higher levels of mitochondrial (mt)DNA than ABs or EXOs. During the window of implantation, MVs contain an eleven-fold higher level of mtDNA when compared to cells-of-origin within the receptive endometrium, which possesses a lower mtDNA content and displays the upregulated expression of mitophagy-related genes. Furthermore, we demonstrate the internalization of EV-derived nuclear-encoded (n)DNA/mtDNA by trophoblast cells of murine embryos, which associates with a reduction in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. These findings suggest that the maternal endometrium suffers a reduction in mtDNA content during the preconceptional period, that nDNA/mtDNA become packaged into secreted EVs that the embryo uptakes, and that the transfer of DNA to the embryo within EVs occurs alongside the modulation of bioenergetics during implantation.
Expression of modified FcγRI enables myeloid cells to elicit robust tumor-specific cytotoxicity
Authors: Farhat-Younis Leen , Na Manho , Zarfin Amichai , Khateeb Aseel , Santana-Magal Nadine , Richter Alon , Gutwillig Amit , Rasoulouniriana Diana , Gleiberman Annette , Beck Lir , Giger Tamar , Ashkenazi Avraham , Barzel Adi , Rider Peleg , Carmi Yaron
Published: December 2023

Despite the central role of T cells in tumor immunity, attempts to harness their cytotoxic capacity as a therapy have met limited efficacy, partially as a result of the suppressive microenvironment which limits their migration and activation. In contrast, myeloid cells massively infiltrate tumors and are well adapted to survive these harsh conditions. While they are equipped with cell-killing abilities, they often adopt an immunosuppressive phenotype upon migration to tumors. Therefore, the questions of how to modify their activation programming against cancer, and what signaling cascades should be activated in myeloid cells to elicit their cytotoxicity have remained unclear. Here, we found that activation of IgM-induced signaling in murine myeloid cells results in secretion of lytic granules and massive tumor cell death. These findings open venues for designing novel immunotherapy by equipping monocytes with chimeric receptors that target tumor antigens and consequently, signal through IgM receptor. Nonetheless, we found that myeloid cells do not express the antibody-derived portion used to recognize the tumor antigen due to the induction of an ER stress response. To overcome this limitation, we designed chimeric receptors that are based on the high-affinity FcγRI for IgG. Incubation of macrophages expressing these receptors along with tumor-binding IgG induced massive tumor cell killing and secretion of reactive oxygen species and Granzyme B. Overall, this work highlights the challenges involved in genetically reprogramming the signaling in myeloid cells and provides a framework for endowing myeloid cells with antigen-specific cytotoxicity.
Expression of modified FcγRI enables myeloid cells to elicit robust tumor-specific cytotoxicity
Authors: Farhat-Younis Leen , Na Manho , Zarfin Amichai , Santana-Magal Nadine , Richter Alon , Khateeb Aseel , Gutwillig Amit , Rasoulouniriana Diana , Gleiberman Annette , Beck Lir , Giger Tamar , Ashkenazi Avraham , Barzel Adi , Rider Peleg , Carmi Yaron
Published: December 2023

Despite the central role of T cells in tumor immunity, attempts to harness their cytotoxic capacity as a therapy have met limited efficacy, partially as a result of the suppressive microenvironment which limits their migration and activation. In contrast, myeloid cells massively infiltrate tumors and are well adapted to survive in these harsh conditions. While they are equipped with cell-killing abilities, they often adapt an immunosuppressive phenotype upon migration to tumors. Therefore, the questions of how to modify their activation programing against cancer, and what signaling cascades should be activated in myeloid cells to elicit their cytotoxicity has remained unclear.Here, we found that activation of IgM-induced signaling in myeloid cells results in secretion of lytic granules and massive tumor cell death. These findings open venues for designing novel immunotherapy by equipping monocytes with chimeric receptors that target tumor antigens and consequently, signal through IgM receptor. Nonetheless, we found that myeloid cells do not express the antibody-derived portion used to recognize the tumor antigen due to induction of an ER stress response. To overcome this limitation, we designed chimeric receptors that are based on the high affinity FcγRI for IgG. Incubation of macrophages transfected with these receptors along with tumor-binding IgG induced massive tumor cell killing and secretion of reactive oxygen species and Granzyme B.Overall, this work highlights the challenges involved in genetically reprograming the signaling in myeloid cells and provides a framework for endowing myeloid cells with antigen-specific cytotoxicity.
Deletion of FNDC5/irisin modifies murine osteocyte function in a sex-specific manner
Authors: Shimonty Anika , Pin Fabrizio , Prideaux Matthew , Peng Gang , Huot Joshua , Kim Hyeonwoo , Rosen Clifford J , Spiegelman Bruce M , Bonewald Lynda F
Published: December 2023

Irisin, released from exercised muscle, has been shown to have beneficial effects on numerous tissues but its effects on bone are unclear. We found significant sex and genotype differences in bone from wildtype (WT) mice compared to mice lacking Fndc5 (knockout [KO]), with and without calcium deficiency. Despite their bone being indistinguishable from WT females, KO female mice were partially protected from osteocytic osteolysis and osteoclastic bone resorption when allowed to lactate or when placed on a low-calcium diet. Male KO mice have more but weaker bone compared to WT males, and when challenged with a low-calcium diet lost more bone than WT males. To begin to understand responsible molecular mechanisms, osteocyte transcriptomics was performed. Osteocytes from WT females had greater expression of genes associated with osteocytic osteolysis and osteoclastic bone resorption compared to WT males which had greater expression of genes associated with steroid and fatty acid metabolism. Few differences were observed between female KO and WT osteocytes, but with a low-calcium diet, the KO females had lower expression of genes responsible for osteocytic osteolysis and osteoclastic resorption than the WT females. Male KO osteocytes had lower expression of genes associated with steroid and fatty acid metabolism, but higher expression of genes associated with bone resorption compared to male WT. In conclusion, irisin plays a critical role in the development of the male but not the female skeleton and protects male but not female bone from calcium deficiency. We propose irisin ensures the survival of offspring by targeting the osteocyte to provide calcium in lactating females, a novel function for this myokine.
Epigenetic insights into GABAergic development in Dravet Syndrome iPSC and therapeutic implications
Authors: Schuster Jens , Lu Xi , Dang Yonglong , Klar Joakim , Wenz Amelie , Dahl Niklas , Chen Xingqi
Published: December 2023

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a devastating early onset refractory epilepsy syndrome caused by variants in the
SCN1A
gene. A disturbed GABAergic interneuron function is implicated in the progression to DS but the underlying developmental and pathophysiological mechanisms remain elusive, in particularly at the chromatin level. In this study, we utilized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from DS cases and healthy donors to model disease-associated epigenetic abnormalities of GABAergic development. Employing the ATAC-Seq technique, we assessed chromatin accessibility at multiple time points (Day 0, Day 19, Day 35, and Day 65) of GABAergic differentiation. Additionally, we elucidated the effects of the commonly used anti-seizure drug valproic acid (VPA) on chromatin accessibility in GABAergic cells. The distinct dynamics in chromatin profile of DS iPSC predicted accelerated early GABAergic development, evident at D19, and diverged further from the pattern in control iPSC with continued differentiation, indicating a disrupted GABAergic maturation. Exposure to VPA at D65 reshaped the chromatin landscape at a variable extent in different iPSC-lines and rescued the observed dysfunctional development in some DS iPSC-GABA. This study provides the first comprehensive investigation on the chromatin landscape of GABAergic differentiation in DS-patient iPSC, offering valuable insights into the epigenetic dysregulations associated with interneuronal dysfunction in DS. Moreover, our detailed analysis of the chromatin changes induced by VPA in iPSC-GABA holds the potential to improve development of personalized and targeted anti-epileptic therapies.
Cortical neuroprosthesis-mediated functional ipsilateral control of locomotion in rats with spinal cord hemisection
Authors: Massai Elena , Bonizzato Marco , De Jesus Isley , Drainville Roxanne , Martinez Marina
Published: December 2023

Control of voluntary limb movement is predominantly attributed to the contralateral motor cortex. However, increasing evidence suggests the involvement of ipsilateral cortical networks in this process, especially in motor tasks requiring bilateral coordination, such as locomotion. In this study, we combined a unilateral thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) with a cortical neuroprosthetic approach to investigate the functional role of the ipsilateral motor cortex in rat movement through spared contralesional pathways. Our findings reveal that in all SCI rats, stimulation of the ipsilesional motor cortex promoted a bilateral synergy. This synergy involved the elevation of the contralateral foot along with ipsilateral hindlimb extension. Additionally, in two out of seven animals, stimulation of a sub-region of the hindlimb motor cortex modulated ipsilateral hindlimb flexion. Importantly, ipsilateral cortical stimulation delivered after SCI immediately alleviated multiple locomotor and postural deficits, and this effect persisted after ablation of the homologous motor cortex. These results provide strong evidence of a causal link between cortical activation and precise ipsilateral control of hindlimb movement. This study has significant implications for the development of future neuroprosthetic technology and our understanding of motor control in the context of SCI.
Cortical neuroprosthesis-mediated functional ipsilateral control of locomotion in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury
Authors: Massai Elena , Bonizzato Marco , de Jesus Isley , Drainville Roxanne , Martinez Marina
Published: December 2023

Control of voluntary limb movement is predominantly attributed to the contralateral motor cortex. However, increasing evidence suggests the involvement of ipsilateral cortical networks in this process, especially in motor tasks requiring bilateral coordination, such as locomotion. In this study, we combined a unilateral thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) with a cortical neuroprosthetic approach to investigate the functional role of the ipsilateral motor cortex in rat movement. Our findings reveal that in all SCI rats, stimulation of the ipsilesional motor cortex promoted a bilateral synergy. This synergy involved the elevation of the contralateral foot along with ipsilateral hindlimb extension. Additionally, in two out of seven animals, stimulation of a sub-region of the hindlimb motor cortex modulated ipsilateral hindlimb flexion. Importantly, ipsilateral cortical stimulation delivered after SCI immediately alleviated multiple locomotor and postural deficits, and this effect persisted after ablation of the homologous motor cortex. These results provide strong evidence of a causal link between cortical activation and precise ipsilateral control of hindlimb movement. This study has significant implications for the development of future neuroprosthetic technology and our understanding of motor control in the context of spinal cord injury.