bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding winners in the hydrogen hype
Authors: Sharma Prakash , De la Cruz Flor Lucia , Sultoon Jonathan
Published: May 2022

The global energy trade is set for its greatest transformation since the 1970s and the rise of OPEC (The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries). Electrification is central to this as countries plough money into renewables to reduce emissions and enhance energy security. But electrification can take the world only so far. With higher carbon prices looming on the horizon, fossil fuel exporters and industrial sectors – as well as heavy-duty trucking, shipping and aviation – need alternatives to decarbonise. Most are looking to electricity-based fuels and feedstocks such as hydrogen, ammonia and methanol to replace hydrocarbons. This will revolutionise energy trade, with total trade declining by as much as 50% and virtually all remaining traded oil gas and coal being either completely decarbonised or backed by offsets. With 147 GWel (giga‐watts electrolyser capacity) in announced projects, green hydrogen produced from renewable electricity is ahead of the game. And while its export supply chains are complex, requiring conversion into a ‘product’ to allow delivery, there is no exploration risk as in oil and gas projects. Worldwide, national hydrogen roadmaps are being passed, with virtually all oil and gas companies, utilities and industrials backing at least one hydrogen project. Focus is now shifting to future sources of hydrogen supply. Lenders will be drawn to locations with a proven track record of exporting natural resources, suitable conditions for low-cost renewable electricity and the potential for large-scale carbon capture. A few countries already stand out, but none more so than Australia. Using our proprietary research, we will present a case study evaluating hydrogen supply options from Australia, Saudi Arabia and Canada – delivered into key markets like Japan for different applications. We will also assess when costs will fall across the value chain – production, midstream and downstream – and reach parity to incumbent fuels.
Seismic, petrophysical and petrological constraints on the alteration of igneous rocks in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: implications for petroleum exploration and drilling operations
Authors: Curtis Michael S. , Holford Simon P. , Bunch Mark A. , Schofield Nick J.
Published: May 2022

The Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) hosts an extensive record of Jurassic–Cretaceous rift-related igneous activity, manifested by a >45 000 km2 intrusive complex and series of volcanic centres constrained by seismic mapping. However, there are relatively few well penetrations of these igneous rocks (<1% of ~1500 exploration wells) in comparison to other basins that witness extensive magmatism, and thus, their lithological and petrophysical characteristics are poorly understood. Here, we describe the properties of igneous rocks encountered in nine petroleum exploration wells and scientific boreholes in the NCB and evaluate their impacts on exploration and development issues. Igneous rocks in the NCB are characterised by pervasive alteration, with ramifications for seismic imaging and drilling. For example, low acoustic velocities in mafic lavas altered to clays in Toro-1 were mistaken for overpressure, whilst intrusive rocks in Palta-1 were initially unrecorded and only recognised due to subsequent post-drilling thermal history analysis. The alteration of mafic igneous rocks to clays reduces acoustic impedance contrasts relative to sedimentary host rocks, making their identification prior to drilling more challenging. Whilst the preferential emplacement of intrusive rocks in Triassic strata deeper than reservoir targets is primarily responsible for the paucity of well penetrations, our findings of extensive alteration of igneous rocks in the NCB suggests that additional wells may intersect as yet unrecognised intrusive or extrusive sequences.
Collaborating to bring new technology on developments
Authors: Johnson Harry
Published: May 2022

Project delivery certainty is a key a success factor for positive business outcomes. Taking on world first applications across multiple delivery streams comes with risk that requires significant risk reduction to meeting business requirements. The Julimar Development completed this successfully across both drilling and completions, and subsea. Reliable multizone completions with robust sand control have traditionally been a challenge in high-rate gas wells. Cased hole stacked gravel packs can leave high mechanical skin, require multiple trips and are complex operations. While Open Hole Gravel Packs (OHGPs) have provided reliable sand control in such wells, multizone applications have been limited due to the tradeoff between effective gravel placement and zonal isolation. Recent developments in technology have enabled reliable gravel placement and complete zonal isolation. The collaboration between Woodside and Subsea 7 has delivered an ‘industry first’ on the Julimar Project, with the completion of an 18″ Corrosion-Resistant Alloy (CRA) gas transmission flowline installed via reel-lay – the largest diameter insulated CRA pipeline ever reeled. For background, most projects have traditionally used the ‘S-Lay’ method for installing pipe in Australia – the reel-lay method is less common. A key benefit of the reel-lay method is it removes thousands of welds from the offshore installation vessel critical path, transferring them onshore into a safer, quality-controlled environment earlier in the schedule. Pipe joints are welded into ‘stalks’ which are then spooled onto purpose-built reel-lay vessels. Woodside and Subsea 7 were able to jointly demonstrate the safety, quality, technical and cost advantages of this innovative but field-proven reeled pipe-lay technology. The 18″ CRA flowline is a tangible example of the performance that can be delivered through early collaborative engagement and strategic investment in technology and is a step change in Australia and the industry. This joint presentation discusses contracting, design, execution and evaluation of technologies on the Julimar Development. It includes the method followed for reel-lay technology selection, engineering development, post project evaluation and the health and safety benefits. The presentation provides both the Operator and Contractor perspectives on the challenges of implementing new technology in developments in Australia.
Global energy outlooks and Australia’s net zero energy future
Authors: Paz Jerome
Published: May 2022

The release of the Sixth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has escalated and issued a final warning that the world is in a climate emergency and on a trajectory to ecological collapse. The collective target for humanity remains keeping emissions within 1.5 degrees and this will require a monumental shift in attitudes and priorities by governments, industries and individuals. The International Energy Agency’s ‘Net Zero by 2050’ report sets out a roadmap to achieve Net Zero. Many other leading energy data sources, such as BP and DNV, have also now reflected ambitions to achieve the 1.5° target and what this means for energy supply and demand, especially for oil and gas. This paper will discuss energy demand future in the context of these energy outlooks, including the role that various energies are expected to play in the medium- to long-term and what impact does that have on Australia’s energy future.
Environmentally assisted fatigue failure of drill pipe connections
Authors: Turnbull Judy , Metcalfe Roger G. , Costanzi Roger
Published: May 2022

Failure of three drill pipe connections occurred relatively early in the service life and without the more gradual reduction in operating pressure or other factors that are typically associated with a pending fatigue failure. Of the three drill pipe connections, two had fractured and the third had cracked but remained intact. The drill pipe connections were investigated to determine the mode and likely cause of the failure. Failure of the drill pipe connections was the result of fatigue that had initiated on the outside surface within the first thread root adjacent to the change in section to the barrel or at the change in the section itself. Crack propagation was radially inwards towards the connection bore. Chlorine was present in the drilling mud at low concentrations and fine pitting was identified, but overall, the rods were free of corrosion. However, positive identification of corrosion pits, albeit few in number and significant cracks emanating from said pits, suggest failure of the drill pipes could be attributed to a corrosion fatigue mechanism. This would more so be the case for two of the drill pipe connections, as the stress concentration associated with a corrosion pit would be exacerbated in the threaded region. Fatigue had subsequently propagated under bending loads, likely reverse bending loads, applied to the drill string. Such loads would likely be the result of directional drilling within strata of higher than usual hardness.
Shuts, turns and roundabouts
Authors: Kalisch Brett , Pearce David
Published: May 2022

The outcomes of operational shutdowns and maintenance events, ‘Shuts and Turns’, can significantly affect a company’s performance and reputation. These are typically highly complex operations that demand significant resources and must deliver results. Shuts and Turns are expensive activities, not only in terms of the direct cost of labour plant and materials but also the production deferral. Leading operators recognise that they also pose significant risk to future production which is why significant time and effort goes into robust management framework. Safety performance is paramount, with schedule adherence also key. Operators spend considerable time planning to ensure successful Shuts and Turns have: an established management framework; effective scope management; thorough front-end loading; robust controls and change management; an assessment of the risks of emerging work; efficient resource planning; and rigorous safety and QA/QC processes. This paper provides: an overview of the different types of Shuts and Turns used by Australian operators; the benefits of a robust shutdown governance approach; an overview of key success areas; importance of lessons learned; and a detailed case study based on our work with a major downstream facility. The paper will appeal to oil and gas operators, major contractors and service providers.
The Queensland Resources Industry Development Plan: a 30-year plan to build a resilient, responsible and sustainable resources industry that grows as it transforms
Authors: Lloyd Kahil , Sycz Carlye
Published: May 2022

The Queensland resources industry will be increasingly affected by global trends, such as decarbonisation, corporate social responsibility, emerging innovations and the rise of the Indo-Pacific region. While these trends create challenges for the resources industry, they present greater opportunities for transformation, growth and diversification. A plan to navigate these trends is critical, and that is why the Queensland Government has committed to delivering a Queensland Resources Industry Development Plan (QRIDP). The QRIDP outlines a 30-year vision for Queensland’s resources industry – petroleum and gas, coal and minerals sectors – to respond to these emerging global trends. The QRIDP’s vision is for ‘a resilient, responsible and sustainable Queensland resources industry that grows as it transforms.’ A range of actions for government and industry to undertake over the coming years to realise this shared vision is included in the QRIDP in its six key focus areas. The QRIDP has been informed through extensive stakeholder consultation and expert advice, with a draft QRIDP released for feedback in November 2021. Feedback received on the draft is being considered by the Department of Resources and a final QRIDP is expected to be released by mid-2022.
Exploration and appraisal year in review 2021
Authors: Craig Adam
Published: May 2022

Petroleum exploration and appraisal activity increased in 2021. Exploration spend increased for the year, continuing a positive trend. Onshore exploration and appraisal activity continues to dominate the petroleum exploration scene in Australia. Positive indications of increased work program bids (wells, seismic and spend) are, however, tempered by the downward trend of total exploration acreage (by area) and new acreage awards. In addition to petroleum exploration acreage, greenhouse gas sequestration acreage was released across Australia in 2021. Twenty-nine exploration wells were drilled in the year compared to twenty-five in the previous year. Eight conventional petroleum discoveries were reported, with the Artisan-1 discovery in the Otway Basin being the only offshore discovery. The Lockyer Deep-1 gas discovery in the Northern Perth Basin continues the exploration success of the Permian Kingia and High Cliff Sandstone play. The Cooper–Eromanga Basin continues to yield discoveries with the Odin-1, Rosebay-1, Lowry South, Liger-1 and Chimera-1 discoveries reported for the year. Thirty-one appraisal wells were drilled for the year with significant activity in the Northern Perth Basin, Cooper-Eromanga Basin and Bowen-Surat Basins. Exploration and appraisal drilling also continued in the Beetaloo Sub-basin with the drilling of the Tanumbirini-2H, Tanumbirini-3H and Carpentaria-2/2H wells during the year.
Structural insights of a highly potent pan-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 human monoclonal antibody
Authors: Torres Jonathan L. , Ozorowski Gabriel , Andreano Emanuele , Liu Hejun , Copps Jeffrey , Piccini Giulia , Donnici Lorena , Conti Matteo , Planchais Cyril , Planas Delphine , Manganaro Noemi , Pantano Elisa , Paciello Ida , Pileri Piero , Bruel Timothée , Montomoli Emanuele , Mouquet Hugo , Schwartz Olivier , Sala Claudia , De Francesco Raffaele , Wilson Ian A. , Rappuoli Rino , Ward Andrew B.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Clinical candidate monoclonal antibody J08 binds the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) S-protein independent of known escape mutations and is able to potently neutralize most variants of concern (VoCs). Here, we explore these properties using cell-based assays and structural studies. A relatively small epitope footprint high on the receptor binding domain (RBD) ridge and the ability to bind multiple conformational states of the S-protein contribute to strong neutralization across several variants.
Increased efficiency of charge-mediated fusion in polymer/lipid hybrid membranes
Authors: Marušič Nika , Otrin Lado , Rauchhaus Jonas , Zhao Ziliang , Kyrilis Fotis L. , Hamdi Farzad , Kastritis Panagiotis L. , Dimova Rumiana , Ivanov Ivan , Sundmacher Kai
Published: May 2022

Significance

The discovery that amphiphilic polymers, similar to phospholipids, can self-assemble to vesicles has inspired numerous applications. For instance, these polymersomes are employed for drug delivery due to their increased chemical and mechanical stability. These polymers can be also mixed with lipids to form the so-called hybrid membranes, which provide further biocompatibility, while new properties emerge. However, the fusion of these hybrids is to date barely explored. Herein, we determined that hybrid vesicles made of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-graft-poly(ethylene oxide) and oppositely charged lipids undergo rapid fusion, surpassing the efficiency in natural membranes. We provide biophysical insights into the mechanism and demonstrate that anionic lipids are not strictly required when the process is employed for the integration of membrane proteins.
In situ evidence for Paleoindian hematite quarrying at the Powars II site (48PL330), Wyoming
Authors: Pelton Spencer R. , Becerra-Valdivia Lorena , Craib Alexander , Allaun Sarah , Mahan Chase , Koenig Charles , Kelley Erin , Zeimens George , Frison George C.
Published: May 2022

Significance

Red ocher (also known as hematite) is relatively common in Paleoindian sites exceeding ca. 11,000 calibrated years B.P. in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains of North America. Red ocher fulfilled a wide range of functions within Paleoindian societies, as indicated by its association with graves, caches, campsites, hide-working implements, and kill sites. To date, the Powars II site is the only red ocher quarry identified in the North American archaeological record north of Mesoamerica. Prior studies of Powars II were based on analyses of artifacts recovered from a redeposited context. This study presents in situ evidence for red ocher quarrying at Powars II.
Repérage automatisé de l’hyponymie dans des corpus spécialisés en français à l’aide de Sketch Engine
Authors: San Martín Antonio , Trekker Catherine , León-Araúz Pilar
Published: May 2022

Hyponymy is an essential semantic relation in terminology, as it represents the hierarchical organization of concepts. Much has been written about hyponymy extraction. However, terminologists working with French do not currently have user-friendly and freely available tools to automatically extract hyper-hyponymic pairs from their own corpora. This paper presents the most recent version of the ESSG (EcoLexicon Semantic Sketch Grammar) methodology, a knowledge-pattern-based approach that enables Sketch Engine to extract semantic relations. This methodology is applied to the development and evaluation of the ESSG-fr, a semantic sketch grammar for hyponymy extraction in French. The evaluation results show that the ESSG-fr is a reliable domain-independent tool for terminologists wishing to extract simple hyper-hyponymic pairs and the corresponding concordances from specialized corpora.
Effect of strontium on microstructure, mechanical, and biological responses of Mg–Al–Zn–Sr alloys
Authors: Mandal Tapendu , Dasgupta Shalini , Barui Ananya , Kundu Sukumar
Published: May 2022

In the present study, Mg alloys were prepared with different strontium contents and investigated for applications as resorbable implants (screws, plates, stents etc.). Microstructural characterisation and phase analysis were performed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Alloy with 0.5 wt-% strontium results in a microstructure with fine grains (179 ± 22 µm) and the highest second phase precipitates (area-fraction ∼1.55%). The immersion and electrochemical measurements were performed at different times in Hanks’ solution. The corrosion rate decreased with increasing strontium amount owing to precipitate barrier and protective corrosion products. In vitro biocompatibility test was carried out by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell viability decreases with an increase in strontium content owing to presumably higher fraction of the Mg17Sr2 phase.
Case Report of a Criminal Dismemberment in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Pessoa Soriano Evelyne , Araújo Maria do Socorro Dantas de , Pereira Francisca de Assis Nascimento , Melo Francisca Divina Silveira de , Freire Cristiane Helena da Silva Barbosa , Carvalho Marcus Vitor Diniz de
Published: May 2022

Several decomposed body parts were received for examination by the Forensic Anthropology section of the Medico-legal Institute of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The portions of the lower and upper limbs, ribs, vertebrae, and a skull were thoroughly examined. The biological profile indicated a male individual with an estimated age range between 23 and 57 years and a mean age of 35.2 years (SD = 9.4; phase IV, Suchey-Brooks). The skeleton showed injuries caused by sharp force and sharp-blunt force trauma that affected all body segments. Macroscopically, the lesions are mainly in the diaphyseal segments of the long bones, sacrum, pelvis, mandible, maxilla, scapulae, sternum, vertebrae, the distal epiphysis of the left fibula, and the distal epiphysis of the left tibia displayed characteristics compatible with injuries produced perimortem. It was not possible to determine the cause of death. DNA analysis resulted in a positive identification. Because of common difficulties faced in forensic practice, it is often not possible for forensic anthropologists to go to the crime scene, X-ray or body scanners are frequently unavailable, and the victim’s medical and/or dental records are sometimes absent. These difficulties make identification ultimately depend on genetic analysis, which is more time-consuming than other identification methods. Despite this, bone fragment examination in dismemberment cases is a complex task. Forensic Anthropology can shed light on cases involving the identification of dismembered remains, which are challenging because of the number of traumatic injuries, as well as different injury patterns, on bones.
Interpretable machine-learning identification of the crossover from subradiance to superradiance in an atomic array
Authors: Lin C Y , Jen H H
Published: May 2022

Light–matter interacting quantum systems manifest strong correlations that lead to distinct cooperative spontaneous emissions of subradiance or superradiance. To demonstrate the essence of finite-range correlations in such systems, we consider an atomic array under the resonant dipole–dipole interactions (RDDI) and apply an interpretable machine learning (ML) with the integrated gradients to identify the crossover between the subradiant and superradiant sectors. The machine shows that the next nearest-neighbor (NN) couplings in RDDI play as much as the roles of NN ones in determining the whole eigenspectrum within the training sets. Our results present the advantage of ML approach with explainable ability to reveal the underlying mechanism of correlations in quantum optical systems, which can be potentially applied to investigate many other strongly interacting quantum many-body systems.
Generation of entangled photons with a second-order nonlinear photonic crystal and a beam splitter
Authors: Azuma Hiroo
Published: May 2022

We discuss the generation of entangled photons using a nonlinear photonic crystal and beam splitter. In our method, the photonic crystal is assumed to be composed of a material with a large second-order nonlinear optical susceptibility

χ

(
2
)

. Our proposal relies on two facts: (1) A nonlinear photonic crystal changes coherent incident light into squeezed light. (2) A beam splitter transforms the squeezed light into entangled light beams flying in two different directions. We estimate the yield efficiency of pairs of entangled photons per pulse of the very weak coherent light for our method at 0.0783 for a specific concrete example. Our method is more effective because the conversion efficiency (entangled biphotons per incident pump photons) in the spontaneous parametric downconversion is of the order of

4
×

10

−
6

. The only drawback is that it requires very fine tuning of the frequency of signal photons fed into the photonic crystal; for example, an adjustment is given by

Δ
ν
=
3.11
×

10

8

Hz for the signal light of

ν
=
3.23
×

10

14

Hz. We investigate the application of entangled photons produced by our method to the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol, and we explore how to detect an eavesdropper. We suggest that our method is promising for decoy-state quantum key distribution using weak coherent light.
Topologically protected energy-time entangled biphoton states in photonic crystals
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Xi Chaoxiang , He Guangqiang , Jiang Chun
Published: May 2022

The concepts of topological phases have been widely exploited in quantum optics in recent years. Here we demonstrate a topological insulator implementing topological protection of correlated biphoton states. A degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) process of pseudospin states propagating along the topological interface is numerically simulated. Strikingly, the signal and idler photons generated from the FWM process are clarified to be entangled between two degrees of freedom—the frequencies of photon pairs and their time of arrival. The topological edge states of the pump, signal, and idler are robust against the sharp bends and defects, revealing the topological protection of energy-time entangled biphoton states. These findings could pave the way for unprecedented topological quantum devices.
A new high-pressure structure of SiO2 directly converted from α-quartz under nonhydrostatic compression
Authors: Tsuchiya Taku , Nakagawa Saito
Published: May 2022

High-pressure behavior of SiO2 is one of the prototypical subjects in several research areas including condensed matter physics, inorganic chemistry, mineralogy, materials science, and crystallography. Therefore, numerous studies have been performed on the structure evolution of SiO2 under pressure. Here, we show a new structure directly converted from α-quartz under uniaxial compression. Our ab initio calculations elucidate a simple transition pathway from α-quartz to the Fe2P-type phase, and an intermediate state with the Li2ZrF6-type structure appears in this structure conversion. Some interesting properties are found on this intermediate state. (1) The Li2ZrF6-type phase is metastable probably due to a volumetric unbalance between the Li and Zr sites but becomes more energetically stable than α-quartz over ∼12 GPa. (2) It is vibrationally stable at 0 GPa, suggesting that this phase can be recovered down to ambient condition once synthesized. (3) The crystal structures of Li2ZrF6-type SiO2 and phase D, one of dense magnesium hydrous silicates, are found identical, suggesting the stabilization of their solid solution under high-P, T condition.
Magnetoresistive effect in a quantum heterostructure with helical spacer: interplay between helicity and external electric field
Authors: Sarkar Suparna , Maiti Santanu K
Published: May 2022

Giant magnetoresistive effect in a multi-layered structure not only depends on the properties of magnetic systems, it also strongly depends on the type of non-magnetic spacer that is clamped between magnetic layers. In this work, we critically investigate the role of a helical spacer in presence of a transverse electric field. Two kinds of helical geometries, possessing short-range (SRH) and long-range hopping (LRH) of electrons, are taken into account mimicking single-stranded DNA and protein molecules respectively. Sandwiching the magnetic–non-magnetic–magnetic quantum heterostructure between source and drain contact electrodes, we investigate the properties of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) following the Green’s function formalism within a tight-binding framework. The interplay between SRHs and LRHs of electrons provides several nontrivial signatures in GMR, especially in the presence of transverse electric field, as it makes the system a deterministic disordered one, similar to the well-known Aubry–Andre–Harper from. The famous gapped nature of energy band structure in presence of cosine modulation leads to high degree of magnetoresistance at multiple Fermi energies, compared to the traditional spacers. The magnetoresistive effect can be monitored selectively by adjusting the electric field strength and its direction. Comparing the results between the SRH and LRH cases, we find that the later one is more superior. Finally, to make the system more realistic we include the effect of dephasing. Our analysis may provide some fundamental aspects of designing electronic and spintronic devices based on magnetoresistive effect.
A non-destructive and efficient transfer method for preparing 2D materials samples for transmission electron microscopy study
Authors: Lyu Fengjiao , Tang Bin , Li Xuan , Chen Qing
Published: May 2022

Studying two-dimensional (2D) materials using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is necessary and very important in many aspects. However, some 2D materials are not resistant to acids or alkalis, which are widely used in normal wet transfer techniques to transfer the exfoliated 2D nanosheets onto the TEM grids. On the other hand, dry stamping method can damage the holey carbon film on the TEM grids. In this article, we present a non-destructive, efficient, and widely applicable transfer method for preparing the TEM samples of the exfoliated 2D materials. Our method only uses the heat-release tape, PMMA, and blue Nitto tape. Neither acid nor alkali is involved in our method, therefore, impurities and damage can be avoided to the greatest extent. The method is also very efficient and can be accomplished in less than 30 min after the exfoliation of the 2D materials. This method is particularly useful for preparing the TEM samples of the 2D materials that are not resistant to acids and alkalis. The present method is also applicable to various 2D materials and various substrates.
Green synthesis of DOX-loaded hollow MIL-100 (Fe) nanoparticles for anticancer treatment by targeting mitochondria
Authors: Zhang Yechuan , Gu Zhengxiang , Yun Seonho , Luo Kui , Bi Jingxiu , Jiao Yan , Zhang Hu
Published: May 2022

Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising drug delivery materials due to their large surface area, high stability, and biocompatibility. However, their drug loading capacity is constrained by their small pore size, and a further improvement in their drug capacity is needed. In this work, we report an effective and green structural modification strategy to improve drug loading capacity for Fe-based MOFs. Our strategy is to grow MIL-100 (Fe) on carboxylate-terminated polystyrene (PS-COOH) via a sustainable route, which creates a large inner cavity as well as exposure to more functional groups that benefit drug loading capacity. We employ the scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope to confirm the hollow structure of MIL-100 (Fe). Up to 30% of drug loading capacity has been demonstrated in our study. We also conduct cell viability tests to investigate its therapeutic effects on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging confirms cellular uptake and mitochondrial targeting function of doxorubicin-loaded H-M (DOX@H-M) nanoparticles. JC-1 staining of cancer cells reveals a significant change in the mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating the mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of tumor cells. Our study paves the way for the facile synthesis of hollow structural MOFs and demonstrates the potential of applying Fe-based MOFs in breast cancer treatment.
A deep residual inception network with channel attention modules for multi-label cardiac abnormality detection from reduced-lead ECG
Authors: Srivastava Apoorva , Pratiher Sawon , Alam Sazedul , Hari Ajith , Banerjee Nilanjan , Ghosh Nirmalya , Patra Amit
Published: May 2022

Objective. Most arrhythmias due to cardiovascular diseases alter the heart’s electrical activity, resulting in morphological alterations in electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings. ECG acquisition is a low-cost, non-invasive process and is commonly used for continuous monitoring as a diagnostic tool for cardiac abnormality identification. Our objective is to diagnose twenty-nine cardiac abnormalities and sinus rhythm using varied lead ECG signals. Approach. This work proposes a deep residual inception network with channel attention mechanism (RINCA) for twenty-nine cardiac arrhythmia classification along with normal ECG from multi-label ECG signal with different lead combinations. The RINCA architecture employing the inception-based convolutional neural network backbone uses residual skip connections with the channel attention mechanism. The inception model facilitates efficient computation and prevents overfitting while exploring deeper networks through dimensionality reduction and stacked 1-dimensional convolutions. The residual skip connections alleviate the vanishing gradient problem. The attention modules selectively leverage the temporally significant segments in a sequence and predominant channels for multi-lead ECG signals, contributing to the decision-making. Main results. Exhaustive experimental evaluation on the large-scale ‘PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge (2021)’ dataset demonstrates RINCA's efficacy. On the hidden test data set, RINCA achieves the challenge metric score of 0.55, 0.51, 0.53, 0.51, and 0.53 (ranked 2nd, 5th, 4th, 5th and 4th) for the twelve-lead, six-lead, four-lead, three-lead, and two-lead combination cases, respectively. Significance. The proposed RINCA model is more robust against varied sampling frequency, recording time, and data with heterogeneous demographics than the existing art. The explainability analysis shows RINCA's potential in clinical interpretations.
Defect engineering using microwave processing in SiC and GaAs
Authors: Olikh Oleg , Lytvyn Petro
Published: May 2022

The influence of microwave radiation (2.45 GHz, 1.5 W cm−2, up to 80 s) on defects was studied in single crystals of n-6 H-SiC, n-GaAs, and epi-GaAs. The capture cross section of the charge carrier was found to change, and defect complexes were reconstructed because of the growing number of interstitial atoms in the near-surface layer. The correlation between the changes in the defect subsystem and deformation of the near-surface layer was analyzed. The possible mechanisms of the revealed effects are also discussed.
Performance and analysis of an ultraviolet C-band light emitting diode with an emission wavelength of 268 nm
Authors: Zhang Jianping , Zhou Ling , Gao Ying , Lunev Alexander , Zhang Bin , Götz Werner
Published: May 2022

We report a high-power ultraviolet C-band light-emitting diode (UVC LED) with peak wavelength at 268 nm delivering 199 mW optical power at 350 mA direct current. The peak wall-plug and external quantum efficiencies are greater than 10% and 13%, respectively. We developed an approach to determine light-extraction efficiency (LEE) and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) based on the carrier recombination rate equation and used it to analyze the junction-temperature-dependent optical power behavior. For this LED, we obtained a LEE of ~16% and a peak IQE of ~83%. The efficiency droop percentage was quantified to be ~20% at 350 mA, owing to Auger and other higher order carrier losses.
Fast full N-body simulations of generic modified gravity: conformal coupling models
Authors: Ruan Cheng-Zong , Hernández-Aguayo César , Li Baojiu , Arnold Christian , Baugh Carlton M. , Klypin Anatoly , Prada Francisco
Published: May 2022

We present mg-glam, a code developed for the very fast
production of full N-body cosmological simulations in modified
gravity (MG) models. We describe the implementation, numerical tests
and first results of a large suite of cosmological simulations for
three classes of MG models with conformal coupling terms: the f(R)
gravity, symmetron and coupled quintessence models. Derived from
the parallel particle-mesh code glam, mg-glam
incorporates an efficient multigrid relaxation technique to solve
the characteristic nonlinear partial differential equations of these
models. For f(R) gravity, we have included new variants to
diversify the model behaviour, and we have tailored the relaxation
algorithms to these to maintain high computational efficiency. In a
companion paper, we describe versions of this code developed for
derivative coupling MG models, including the Vainshtein- and
K-mouflage-type models. mg-glam can model the prototypes
for most MG models of interest, and is broad and versatile. The
code is highly optimised, with a tremendous speedup of a factor of
more than a hundred compared with earlier N-body codes, while
still giving accurate predictions of the matter power spectrum and
dark matter halo abundance. mg-glam is ideal for the
generation of large numbers of MG simulations that can be used in
the construction of mock galaxy catalogues and the production of
accurate emulators for ongoing and future galaxy surveys.
Tunable second-order sideband effects in hybrid optomechanical cavity assisted with a Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Liu Li-Wei , Du Chun-Guang , Zhang Guo-Heng , Chen Qiong , Shi Yu-Qing , Wang Pei-Yu , Zhang Yu-Qing
Published: May 2022

We theoretically investigated a second-order optomechanical-induced transparency (OMIT) process of a hybrid optomechanical system (COMS), which a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) in the presence of atom–atom interaction trapped inside a cavity with a moving end mirror. The advantage of this hybrid COMS over a bare COMS is that the frequency of the second mode is controlled by the s-wave scattering interaction. Based on the traditional linearization approximation, we derive analytical solutions for the output transmission intensity of the probe field and the dimensionless amplitude of the second-order sideband (SS). The numerical results show that the transmission intensity of the probe field and the dimensionless amplitude of the SS can be controlled by the s-wave scattering frequency. Furthermore, the control field intensities, the effective detuning, the effective coupling strength of the cavity field with the Bogoliubov mode are used to control the transmission intensity of the probe field and the dimensionless amplitude of the SS.
Molecular dynamics simulation of interaction between nanorod and phospholipid molecules bilayer
Authors: Wang Xin , Li Xiang-Qin , Liu Tian-Qing , Zhao Li-Dan , Song Ke-Dong , Ge Dan
Published: May 2022

Natural and artificially prepared nanorods’ surfaces have proved to have good bactericidal effect and self-cleaning property. In order to investigate whether nanorods can kill the enveloped virus, like destroying bacterial cell, we study the interaction between nanorods and virus envelope by establishing the models of nanorods with different sizes as well as the planar membrane and vesicle under the Dry Martini force field of molecular dynamics simulation. The results show that owing to the van der Waals attraction between nanorods and the tail hydrocarbon chain groups of phospholipid molecules, the phospholipid molecules on virus envelope are adsorbed to nanorods on a large scale. This process will increase the surface tension of lipid membrane and reduce the order of lipid molecules, resulting in irreparable damage to planar lipid membrane. Nanorods with different diameters have different effects on vesicle envelope, the larger the diameter of nanorod, the weaker the van der Waals effect on the unit cross-sectional area is and the smaller the degree of vesicle deformation. There is synergy between the nanorods in the nanorod array, which can enhance the speed and scale of lipid adsorption. The vesicle adsorbed in the array are difficult to desorb, and even if desorbed, vesicle will be seriously damaged. The deformation rate of the vesicle adsorbed in the nanorod array exceeds 100%, implying that the nanorod array has a strong destructive effect on the vesicle. This preliminarily proves the feasibility of nanorod array on a surface against enveloped virus, and provides a reference for the design of corresponding nanorods surface.
Up-conversion detection of mid-infrared light carrying orbital angular momentum
Authors: Ge Zheng , Yang Chen , Li Yin-Hai , Li Yan , Liu Shi-Kai , Niu Su-Jian , Zhou Zhi-Yuan , Shi Bao-Sen
Published: May 2022

Frequency up-conversion is an effective method of mid-infrared (MIR) detection by converting long-wavelength photons to the visible domain, where efficient detectors are readily available. Here, we generate MIR light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) from a difference frequency generation process and perform up-conversion on it via sum frequency conversion in a bulk quasi-phase-matching crystal. The maximum quantum conversion efficiencies from MIR to visible are 34.0%, 10.4%, and 3.5% for light with topological charges of 0, 1, and 2, respectively, achieved by utilizing an optimized strong pump light. We also verify the OAM conservation with a specially designed interferometer, and the results agree well with the numerical simulations. Our study opens up the possibilities for generating, manipulating, and detecting MIR light that carries OAM, and will have great potential for optical communications and remote sensing in the MIR regime.
Circular dichroism spectra of α-lactose molecular measured by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Chun , Wang Bo , Wei Gaoshuai , Chen Jianing , Wang Li
Published: May 2022

Researchers have long studied circular dichroism (CD) for its enormous prospects in life sciences. Many biomolecules have vibration modes in the terahertz region, and terahertz CD spectra are robust to detect biomolecular structures. However, few studies explore the terahertz CD spectra on even natural materials due to technical challenges in both fields. Here, we report a setup of home-built terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to measure the polarization states of terahertz waves. By carefully measuring the transmission Jones matrix, we obtain terahertz CD spectra of α-lactose tablets and D-glucose tablets. Our results show that the terahertz CD spectra are sensitive to vibrational motions in biochemical compounds, which will find wide applications in biosensing and biomedical diagnostics.
Phase-matched second-harmonic generation in hybrid polymer-LN waveguides
Authors: Wang Zijie , Liu Bodong , Wang Chunhua , Yu Huakang
Published: May 2022

Here we propose a hybrid polymer-LN waveguide for achieving phase-matched second-harmonic generation (SHG). From the aspect of super-mode theory, the geometric parameters of the hybrid semi-nonlinear waveguide were optimized to utilize both symmetric (even) and antisymmetric (odd) modes of the pump and SHG waves so as to facilitate phase matching with large modal overlap. Phase matching between a fundamental even (TE00-like) mode at 1320 nm and a fundamental odd (TE01-like) mode at 660 nm was found with a calculated modal overlap integral of 0.299, while utilizing the largest nonlinear coefficient d
33, and achieving an efficient calculated normalized conversion efficiency of 148% W−1⋅cm−2. Considering the fabrication feasibility of such hybrid waveguide with features including etchless, large dimension, and low structural sensitivity, we believe our findings would provide a useful reference for future on-chip efficient nonlinear conversion devices.
Ghost imaging based on the control of light source bandwidth
Authors: Liu Zhao-Qi , Bai Yan-Feng , Zou Xuan-Peng-Fan , Zhou Li-Yu , Fu Qin , Fu Xi-Quan
Published: May 2022

A scheme to improve the quality in ghost imaging (GI) by controlling the bandwidth of light source (BCGI) is proposed. The theoretical and numerical results show that the reconstruction result with high quality can be obtained by adjusting the bandwidth range of the light source appropriately, and the selection criterion of the bandwidth is analyzed by the power distribution of the imaging target. A proof-of-principle experiment is implemented to verify the theoretical and numerical results. In addition, the BCGI also presents better anti-noise performance when compared with some popular GI methods.
Energy band and charge-carrier engineering in skutterudite thermoelectric materials
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Yang Ting , Wang Yonggui , Xia Ailin , Ma Lianbo
Published: May 2022

The binary CoSb3 skutterudite thermoelectric material has high thermal conductivity due to the covalent bond between Co and Sb, and the thermoelectric figure of merit, ZT, is very low. The thermal conductivity of CoSb3 materials can be significantly reduced through phonon engineering, such as low-dimensional structure, the introduction of nano second phases, nanointerfaces or nanopores, which greatly improves their ZT values. The phonon engineering can optimize significantly the thermal transport properties of CoSb3-based materials. However, the improvement of the electronic transport properties is not obvious, or even worse. Energy band and charge-carrier engineering can significantly improve the electronic transport properties of CoSb3-based materials while optimizing the thermal transport properties. Therefore, the decoupling of thermal and electronic transport properties of CoSb3-based materials can be realized by energy band and charge-carrier engineering. This review summarizes some methods of optimizing synergistically the electronic and thermal transport properties of CoSb3 materials through the energy band and charge-carrier engineering strategies. Energy band engineering strategies include band convergence or resonant energy levels caused by doping/filling. The charge-carrier engineering strategy includes the optimization of carrier concentration and mobility caused by doping/filling, forming modulation doped structures or introducing nano second phase. These strategies are effective means to improve performance of thermoelectric materials and provide new research ideas of development of high-efficiency thermoelectric materials.
Chiral lateral optical force near plasmonic ring induced by Laguerre–Gaussian beam
Authors: Nie Ying-Dong , Sun Zhi-Guang , Fang Yu-Rui
Published: May 2022

Owing to the good adjustability and the strong near-field enhancement, surface plasmons are widely used in optical force trap, thus the optical force trap can achieve excellent performance. Here, we use the Laguerre–Gaussian beam and a plasmonic gold ring to separate enantiomers by the chiral optical force. Along with the radial optical force that traps the particles, there is also a chirality-sign-sensitive lateral force arising from the optical spin angular momentum, which is caused by the interaction between optical orbit angular momentum and gold ring structure. By selecting a specific incident wavelength, the strong angular scattering and non-chiral related azimuthal optical force can be suppressed. Thus the chiral related azimuthal optical force can induce an opposite orbital rotation of the trapped particles with chirality of different sign near the gold ring. This work proposes an effective approach for catchingand separating chiral enantiomers.
Possibilities of synthesizing new proton-rich nuclei with 40 ≤ Z ≤ 60 using multinucleon transfer reactions *
Authors: Cheng Zhi , Bao XiaoJun
Published: May 2022

Multinucleon transfer reactions near the Coulomb barrier are investigated based on the improved dinuclear system (DNS) model, and the deexcitation process of primary fragments are described using the statistical model GEMINI++. The production cross sections of

Ca+

Sn and

Ni+

Te based on the DNS model+GEMINI++ are calculated and compared with experimental data. The calculated results reproduce experimental data. The cross sections of fusion-evaporation, fragmentation, and multinucleon transfer reactions in the

region are also provided in this paper. The results show that in the

region, fusion-evaporation and fragmentation reactions have good results in the relatively proton-rich region, but in the extreme proton-deficient region, the MNT reaction is still promising for synthesizing proton-rich nuclei.
Implementation of a Kalman filter-based eddy current estimator for the P-EFIT magnetic equilibrium reconstruction code
Authors: Huang Yao , Mele Adriano , Luo Zhengping , Mattei Massimiliano , Pironti Alfredo , Xiao Bingjia , Yuan Qiping
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the integration of a Kalman filter in the P-EFIT equilibrium reconstruction code, with the aim of estimating the currents induced in the passive structures of a tokamak. The filter is based on a vacuum electromagnetic model of the reactor, and takes advantage of an estimate of the effect of the plasma on the magnetics, provided by the equilibrium reconstruction algorithm. On the other hand, the observer is integrated into the equilibrium reconstruction, which exploits the eddy currents estimates provided by the Kalman filter to refine the obtained solution. To analyze the interplay of the reconstruction code and the proposed observer, the ITER tokamak is considered as a case-study, and the algorithm is tested on a variety of plasma conditions, selected in such a way to maximize the relevance of an accurate knowledge of the passive currents. The code performance is evaluated in terms of convergence metrics, eddy currents estimation accuracy and reconstruction of plasma-related quantities such as plasma–wall gaps, plasma current and plasma profile parameters.