bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple imputation methods: a case study of daily gold price
Authors: Alrawajfi Ala , Ismail Mohd Tahir , Al Wadi Sadam , Atiewi Saleh , Awajan Ahmad
Published: September 2024

Data imputation strategies are necessary to address the prevalent difficulty of missing values in data observation and recording operations. This work utilizes diverse imputation methods to forecast and complete absent values inside a financial time-series dataset, specifically the daily prices of gold. The predictive accuracy of imputed data is assessed in comparison to the original entire dataset to ensure its robustness. The imputation methods are validated using actual closing price data obtained from a daily gold price website. The examined approaches include mean imputation, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), hot deck, random forest, support vector machine (SVM), and spline imputation. Their performance is evaluated based on several metrics, including mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean percentage error (MPE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The results indicate that the KNN approach consistently performs better than other methods in terms of all accuracy measures. Nevertheless, the precision of all techniques decreases as the proportion of missing data rises. Therefore, the KNN approach is suggested because to its exceptional performance and dependability in imputation tasks.
Using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) to screen genes involved in β-glucan biosynthesis and accumulation during oat seed development
Authors: Qi Bing jie , Ji Ming xue , He Zhu qing
Published: September 2024

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an annual grass that has a high nutritional value and therapeutic benefits. β-glucan is one of the most important nutrients in oats. In this study, we investigated two oat varieties with significant differences in β-glucan content (high β-glucan oat varieties BY and low β-glucan content oat variety DY) during different filling stages. We also studied the transcriptome sequencing of seeds at different filling stages. β-glucan accumulation was highest at days 6-16 in the filling stage. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected from the dataset of transcriptome sequencing. Among them, three metabolic pathways were closely related to the biosynthesis of β-glucan by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, including xyloglucan:xyloglucosyl transferase activity, starch and sucrose metabolism, and photosynthesis. By analyzing the expression patterns of DEGs, we identified one CslF2 gene and 32 transcription factors. Five modules were thought to be positively correlated with β-glucan accumulation by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Moreover, the expression levels of candidate genes obtained from the transcriptome sequencing were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis. Our study provides a novel way to identify the regulatory mechanism of β-glucan synthesis and accumulation in oat seeds and offers a possible pathway for the genetic engineering of oat breeding for higher-quality seeds.
Incidence and risk factors of new-onset sacroiliac joint pain after spinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xu ChengHan , Lin Xuxin , Zhou Yingjie , Zhuo Hanjie , Yang Lei , Chai Xubin , Huang Yong
Published: September 2024

Purpose

A systematic review and meta-analysis for incidence and risk factors of new-onset sacroiliac joint pain (SIJP) after spinal surgery aimed to provide evidence-based medical references for its early prevention, timely intervention, and appropriate treatment.

Methodology

The protocol of the systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO) with the PROSPERO ID (CRD42023463177). Relevant studies were searched to January 2024 from the databases of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, and the types of studies were cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Cross-Sectional/Prevalence Study Quality recommended by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Two authors conducted studies search, data extraction, and quality assessment independently. Meta-analyses were done using Stata 14.0 software.

Results

Twelve observational studies with 3,570 spinal surgery patients were included. Ten were case-control studies, one was a cross-sectional study, and another was a cohort study, all of which were of moderate quality and above. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the incidence of new-onset SIJP after spinal surgery was 9.40%; females, no. of surgical segments, fusion to the sacrum, and postoperative pelvic tilt (PT) were significantly associated with the new-onset SIJP after spinal surgery. Meta-analyses for preoperative and postoperative controls of spondylopelvic parameters showed that postoperative lumbar lordosis (LL) in the SIJP group and postoperative LL and sacral slope (SS) of patients in the NoSIJP group had significant differences from preoperative.

Conclusion

Available evidence suggests that an increased risk of new-onset SIJP after spinal surgery is associated with sex, multi-segmental surgery, fusion to the sacrum, and greater postoperative PT.
Heterotic grouping of wheat hybrids based on general and specific combining ability from line × tester analysis
Authors: Deviren Birol , Bilgin Oguz , Kutlu Imren
Published: September 2024

The most important step in plant breeding is the correct selection of parents, and it would be wise to use heterotic groups for this. The purpose of this study is to analyse yield and its components as well as genetic diversity in line × tester wheat populations. It also seeks to present a coherent framework for the isolation of early superior families and the development of heterotic groups in bread wheat. F1 and F2 generations of 51 genotypes, including 36 combinations between 12 lines and three testers and 15 parents, were evaluated for yield and its components in a three-replication experiment according to the randomized block design. Line ×  tester analysis of variance, general and specific combining abilities, heterosis, heterobeltiosis and inbreeding depression were calculated. Heterotic groups created based on general and specific combining abilities were compared with each other. The results showed that there was sufficient genetic variation in the population and that further genetic calculations could be made. The selections made based on general and specific combining abilities, heterosis values and average performance of genotypes without heterotic grouping indicated different genotypes for each feature. The creation of heterotic groups made it possible to select genotypes that were superior in terms of all the criteria listed. It was concluded that heterotic groups created based on specific combining abilities may be more useful for breeding studies.
Intra-session reliability of isometric muscle strength of the bilateral standing press in female handball players
Authors: Cifuentes-Zapata Claudio , Andrades-Ramírez Oscar , Ulloa-Díaz David , Rodríguez-Perea Ángela , Huerta Ojeda Álvaro , Chirosa-Ríos Luis Javier
Published: September 2024

Background

Systematizing reliable protocols and procedures for strength assessment in handball has allowed for a more thorough kinetic analysis and increased precision in detecting training-induced changes in muscular strength. The evaluation of upper limb strength with a bilateral standing press (BSP) exercise in handball players approximates blocking actions in the defensive phase, pushing and fixation.

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyze the relative and absolute reliability of intra-session comparisons in an isometric peak muscle strength protocol in a bilateral standing press (BSP) exercise among female handball players.

Methods

Sixteen young female handball players at an international level, aged between 22 ± 4 years, with no prior experience in using functional electromechanical dynamometers (FEMD) participated in this study. The participants initiated the assessment of maximum isometric force in a bipedal stance with a forward projection of the dominant foot between 20 and 30 cm. The knees were kept semi-flexed, and the hip extension of the non-dominant limb ranged from 15 to 20°. Bilateral anterior push of the upper limb was performed with shoulder abduction and elbow flexion at 90°, maintaining a pronated hand position. Participants were instructed to exert three sets of maximal force for 5 s in BSP exercise. Relative reliability was assessed using the model intraclass correlation (ICC) and absolute reliability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and standard error of measurement (SEM). For this study, the parameters of maximum and mean muscle strength were considered.

Results

The results demonstrated high relative reliability (ICC 0.93–0.97) and absolute reliability (SEM 0.19–2.79) y (CV 4.78–9.03) for both mean force and peak force, with no significant differences between the sets (p > 0.05), indicating a negligible effect size (0.01−0.12).

Conclusion

The mean and peak isometric muscle strength for the BSP exercise controlled with FEMD in female handball players exhibits high relative and absolute reliability between series.
Enfoque de las primeras comunicaciones gubernamentales sobre COVID-19 en países de Evaprop
Authors: Carretón-Ballester Carmen , Fernández-Souto Ana Belén , Almansa-Martínez Ana
Published: September 2024

La comunicación de los responsables de la gestión de la crisis de la COVID-19, especialmente en su fase inicial, fue en gran medida improvisada y constantemente alterada. Este artículo analiza el enfoque comunicativo, global y comparado durante las primeras declaraciones oficiales de los gobiernos de los países de la Red Evaprop (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, España, México y Panamá) después de dos momentos comunicativos clave de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en el desarrollo de la crisis sanitaria. Para ello, se aplicó el análisis de contenido de las técnicas de relaciones públicas empleadas: los comunicados de prensa sobre el nuevo coronavirus (primer hito, enero de 2020) y las ruedas de prensa sobre la COVID-19 tras ser declarada pandemia mundial (segundo hito, marzo de 2020). Los resultados enmarcan los temas abordados y el enfoque que general y de cada país en ambos momentos. Además de evidenciar un interés temático y enfoque distintos en ambos momentos, las mayores diferencias se encuentran en los mensajes emitidos en las conferencias de prensa de los máximos dirigentes.
A retórica da igualdade de género e a comunicação desportiva online da Confederação Brasileira de Futebol
Authors: Amorim Paz Angelo , Sebastiao Sonia Pedro
Published: September 2024

Considerando que la igualdad de género es una prioridad democrática y que el deporte es una plataforma para debatirla, esta investigación busca comprender la comunicación de la Confederación Brasileña de Fútbol sobre las iniciativas para fortalecer el fútbol femenino entre 2019 y 2022. Para responder a la pregunta inicial –¿Cómo comunicó la CBF las iniciativas para fortalecer el fútbol femenino?- se utilizó el método cualitativo, se realizó un análisis documental de los reglamentos normativos de la organización, un análisis de contenido de las publicaciones en el sitio web de la CBF y de sus redes sociales, y un análisis interpretativo de los resultados. Se concluyó que la promoción del fútbol femenino no es una cuestión de identidad del órgano responsable de regular y administrar el fútbol brasileño, sino que obedece exclusivamente a una imposición de la FIFA, y que el departamento de comunicación no ha realizado más que el registro habitual de las acciones concernientes a esa rama del fútbol. Este estudio pretende contribuir a los estudios críticos sobre la comunicación deportiva digital que incluyen la noción de igualdad de género y a las investigaciones sobre la comunicación deportiva en los organismos reguladores.
Effects of Exercise and Lifestyle Modifications in Sarcopenia Affected Elders: A Literature Review
Authors: Bhargava Nilesh , Bhatia Smriti , Kumari Sunita , Chauhan Sarvotam
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Sarcopenia is a condition in which the loss of muscle mass and strength occurs. Which leads to difficulty in daily activities it has negative impact on physical health and quality of life among geriatric population. Studies showed 25% of elders aged 65+ elders affected by sarcopenia and 60% of 80+ elders are affected by sarcopenia. Studies show the role of exercise in improving muscle mass and function in Geriatric population with sarcopenia, and the duration and frequency of exercise needed to manage sarcopenia in this age group. Aim: To find positive impact of exercise on elders and create awareness about exercises has numerous benefits in sarcopenia management. Materials and Methods: Data has been sourced from google scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate and various journals. A total of 9 out of 10 studies are selected and have been reviewed and concluded in this article. Results: A total of 7 out of 9 papers showed that Resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, combined exercise has positive effect. Resistance exercise shows efficacy in improving muscle strength and muscle mass in individuals at various stages of life. A total of 5 papers also says it improves the structural function of the neuromuscular system as it also slows down the chronic inflammatory response caused from aging and regulate hormone secretion. Conclusion: People with sarcopenia, muscle strength and function can be enhanced through physical activity. The review also identified some gaps in the current research, like the need for more studies to evaluate the long-term effects of exercise.
Unwind the Prevalence of Caffeine Intake and Risk of Hypertension among Indian Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Kaur Simran , Kashyap Neha
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The most widely used psycho-stimulant substance with a lengthy history of use across the globe is caffeine. In general, consuming little to moderate amounts of caffeine is safe and advantageous. Health care being a demanding job, requires one to be awake and diligent all the time, hence a lot of health care professional resort to caffeine to combat long shifts and heavy workload. Aim: To unravel the prevalence of caffeine consumption and risk of hypertension among Indian health care professionals. Materials and Methods: This study recruited 245 Indian health care professionals aged 19 to 45 years. The data was procured using a questionnaire directed to test their addiction to caffeine and their awareness to risk of Hypertension (HTN). Simran Kaur, UG Student, MMIPR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. Neha Kashyap, Assistant Professor, MMIPR, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India. Unwind the Prevalence of Caffeine Intake and Risk of Hypertension among Indian Healthcare Professionals Abstract ID-UG 12. Results: A total of 54.2% healthcare professionals consume caffeine on regular basis. It was observed that more than 34% health care professionals consume more than four drinks and unaware of the negative effects of caffeine despite experiencing symptoms of excessive caffeine consumption. Conclusion: In the present study, the authors concluded that more awareness of the harmful effects of drinking caffeine and the likelihood of getting hypertension is desperately needed to reduce the risk of acquiring any of the numerous cardiovascular conditions.
Prediction of Maize Crop Yield Using Principal Component Analysis of Weather Parameters
Authors: Yadav Anita , Shukla A.K.
Published: September 2024

The use of principal component analysis in the development of statistical models for crop yield forecasting has been demonstrated. Maize crop yield data for a period of 21 years (2001-2021) were drawn from the Dacnet website and the weather data were collected from the Meteorological Observatory, Department of Agrometeorology, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. Maximum temperature, Minimum temperature, Relative Humidity A.M, Relative Humidity P.M, Total rainfall, Sunshine hours, Wind velocity and Evapotranspiration were the weather parameters considered for the study. Out of the 21-year data, 17-year data were used for training the model while remaining 4 years data were used for testing the model. Weekly data on weather variables was used to create weather indices [1]. This work involves developing forecasting models using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). Applied to extract principal components (PCs) from the correlation matrix of predictors. Five models (Model 1 to Model 5) are developed using MLR, with varying numbers of PCs as regressors which also include time trend and maize yield as dependent variable. The model performance was measured using Adjusted R-squared (adj R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as goodness of fit criteria. On the basis of adj R2 and RMSE, model 1 which includes all the calculated weather indices, was found to be best suited model with high adj R2 (74.18 %) and least RMSE (276.36). Hence, this model can be used to forecast maize yield for the studied region.
Effect of Integrated Use of Phosphorus Fertilizers and Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Sanjana M. Mouna , Jasmine K. Nancy , Reddy CH. Bhargava Rami , Hemalatha S. , Naidu M. V. S.
Published: September 2024

The present study highlight the effect of integrated use of phosphorus fertilizers and biofertilizers on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2022 Wetland farm, S.V. Agricultural College, ANGRAU, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Eight treatments and three replications made up the field experiment's randomized block design. The combined application of biofertilizers and phosphorus fertilizers had a substantial impact on the yield and growth of the groundnut crop. Most of the growth parameters and yield attributes viz., dry matter production, plant height, number of nodules plant-1, number of filled pods plant-1, number of ill-filled pods plant-1 were numerically highest with application of 75% RDP + liquid PSB + AM (T8) and 100 pod weight, 100 kernel weight, shelling percentage were recorded non-significant. Pod yield and kernel yield were recorded significantly highest with 75% RDP + liquid PSB + AM (T8) followed by 100% RDP + liquid PSB (T3).
Effect of Lime Concentration on Physical Properties on the Raw & Developed Pumpkin Petha and Cost Analysis of Prepared Petha
Authors: Mandal Mili Rani , Prakash Satya , Singh Bijendra , Kumar Vipin , Chandra Suresh , Kumar Amit , Tripathi Sonam , Shankar Ravi
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the effect of varying lime concentrations (5%, 7.5% and 10%) on the physical properties of raw and developed pumpkin petha and analyses the cost of production for the prepared petha. Lime concentration plays a critical role in the texture, volume and overall acceptability of petha, a traditional Indian sweet made from pumpkin. The research evaluates the impact of these lime treatments on the firmness, water absorption and structural integrity of both raw and developed petha samples. The results indicate that 7.5% lime concentration consistently led to optimal textural properties in the final product, yielding petha with the best firmness and volume retention. Petha treated with 5% lime concentration exhibited a softer texture and higher water absorption, resulting in a less desirable structure. Conversely, the 10% lime-treated petha showed increased firmness, but with an overly rigid texture and reduced consumer acceptability. The study highlights that the intermediate lime concentration (7.5%) strikes a balance between maintaining the structural integrity of the raw pumpkin and developing the desirable texture of the final petha product. In terms of cost analysis, the research considers raw material costs, including pumpkin, lime, sugar and labor expenses, along with packaging and storage costs. The data reveal that while 7.5% lime-treated petha has a slightly higher initial production cost due to the optimal processing conditions required, it yields the highest overall acceptability and consumer preference, justifying the cost. The study concludes that 7.5% lime concentration is the most effective for producing high-quality pumpkin petha, providing the best balance between texture, consumer acceptability and long-term storage stability. The research underscores the importance of optimizing lime concentration to maximize the economic viability and marketability of pumpkin petha.
Anthropogenic CO2 accumulation and uptake rates in the Pacific Ocean based on changes in the 13C/12C of dissolved inorganic carbon
Authors: Quay P. , Sonnerup R. , Munro D. , Sweeney C.
Published: December 2016

The anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rate for the Pacific Ocean was estimated from the decrease in δ13C of the dissolved inorganic carbon measured on six World Ocean Circulation Experiment cruises during the 1990s and repeated during Climate Variability and Predictability in the 2000s. A mean depth‐integrated anthropogenic δ13C change of −83 ± 20‰ m decade−1 was estimated for the basin by using the multiple linear regression approach. The largest anthropogenic δ13C decreases occurred between 40°S and 60°S, whereas the smallest decreases occurred in the Southern Ocean and subpolar North Pacific. A mean anthropogenic CO2 accumulation rate of 0.41 ± 0.13 mol C m−2 yr−1 (0.82 ± 0.26 Pg C yr−1) was determined based on observed δ13C changes and is in agreement with previous observation‐ and model‐based estimates. The mean dissolved inorganic carbon DIC13 inventory change of −178 ± 43‰ mol m−2 decade−1 was primarily the result of air‐sea CO2 exchange acting on the measured air‐sea δ13C disequilibrium of ~ −1.2 ± 0.1‰. Regional differences between the DIC13 inventory change and air‐sea 13CO2 flux yielded net anthropogenic CO2 uptake rates (independent of ΔpCO2) that ranged from ~0 to 1 mol m−2 yr−1 and basin‐wide mean of 1.2 ± 1.5 Pg C yr−1. High rates of surface ocean DIC increase and δ13C decrease observed in the Drake Passage (53°S–60°S) support above average anthropogenic CO2 accumulation since 2005. Observed δ13C changes in the Pacific Ocean indicate that ocean transport significantly impacted the anthropogenic CO2 distribution and illustrate the utility of δ13C as a tracer to unravel the processes controlling the present and future accumulation of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean.
Georgenia
Authors: Busse Hans‐Jürgen , Glaeser Stefanie P. , Kämpfer Peter
Published: December 2016

Ge.or.gen'i.a. N.L. fem. n.Georgeniareferring to the village St Georgen in Styria (Austria), where strains 1A‐CTand 3A‐1 were isolated.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Bogoriellaceae / Georgenia

The genusGeorgeniawas originally described for two Gram‐stain‐positive, yellow‐pigmented strains, which had been isolated from a medieval wall painting in St Georgen, Styria, Austria (Altenburger et al., 2002). Currently nine validated species are proposed. Cells may exhibit a rod‐coccus growth cycle. Phylogenetically, the genus is a member of the familyBogoriellaceae, orderMicrococcales, class Actinobacteria. Rods and cocci occur singly or in small clusters. Cells are gram‐stain‐positive, nonspore forming, motile, and nonmotile. Growth occurs under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Oxidase positive or negative, catalase positive. Peptidoglycan type is A4α withl‐Lys←l‐Glu orl‐Lys–l‐Ala–l‐Glu orl‐Lys–Gly‐L–Glu orl‐Lys←Asp as the interpeptide bridge. Quinone system is menaquinone MK‐8(H4). Polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, or phosphatidylinositol together with unidentified phospholipids, and one unknown glycolipid. The predominant fatty acid is anteiso‐C15:0; significant amounts of anteiso‐C15:1, iso‐C15:0, and iso‐C14:0are present. The polyamine content is low. Major polyamines are spermidine and spermine. The genomic G+C content varies between 70 to 73 mol%.
Canibacter
Authors: Trujillo Martha E.
Published: December 2016

Ca.ni.bac'ter. L. n.
canis
dog; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Canibacter
rod of the dog.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / Canibacter

Gram‐stain positive,
facultatively anaerobic
, nonsporulating, and
nonmotile actinobacterium
. Colonies are circular and grayish‐white. Cells are rod shaped and frequently arranged at angles to each other
forming V and Y shapes
. Grows at 35°C. Catalase and oxidase are negative. Nonhemolytic on sheep blood agar. Cell wall

peptidoglycan contains
l
‐lysine and is of the type B1α

. The major menaquinone and phospholipids are
MK
‐10 and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and glycolipids, respectively. The genus
Canibacter
belongs to the family
Microbacteriaceae
and is most closely related to the genus
Leucobacter
based on
16S rRNA
gene sequencing.
Canibacter oris
is the type and only species representing the genus.
C. oris

IMMIB Q2029717
T

was isolated from an infected human wound caused by a dog bite.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol%
): 56.9 (HPLC).

Type genus
:
Canibacter
Aravena‐Román, Inglis, Siering, Schumann and Yassin 2014, 1638
VP
.
The Influence of Isomer Purity on Trap States and Performance of Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Diemer Peter J. , Hayes Jacori , Welchman Evan , Hallani Rawad , Pookpanratana Sujitra J. , Hacker Christina A. , Richter Curt A. , Anthony John E. , Thonhauser Timo , Jurchescu Oana D.
Published: December 2016

Organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) performance is dictated by composition and geometry, as well as the quality of the organic semiconductor (OSC) film, which strongly depends on purity and microstructure. When present, impurities and defects give rise to trap states in the band gap of the OSC, lowering device performance. Here, 2,8‐difluoro‐5,11‐bis(triethylsilylethynyl)‐anthradithiophene is used as a model system to study the mechanism responsible for performance degradation in OFETs due to isomer coexistence. The density of trapping states is evaluated through temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements, and it is discovered that OFETs containing a mixture of syn and anti‐isomers exhibit a discrete trapping state detected as a peak located at ≈0.4 eV above the valence‐band edge, which is absent in the samples fabricated on single‐isomer films. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations do not point to a significant difference in electronic band structure between individual isomers. Instead, it is proposed that the dipole moment of the syn‐isomer present in the host crystal of the anti‐isomer locally polarizes the neighboring molecules, inducing energetic disorder. The isomers can be separated by applying gentle mechanical vibrations during film crystallization, as confirmed by the suppression of the peak and improvement in device performance.
Benzanelliertes Doppel‐[7]Carbohelicen: Synthese, Struktur und physikochemische Eigenschaften
Authors: Hu Yunbin , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Peng Pi‐Xian , Wang Xin‐Chang , Cao Xiao‐Yu , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu
Published: December 2016

Ein benzanelliertes Doppel‐[7]Carbohelicen (D7H) wurde durch regioselektive Cyclodehydrierung einer Tetranaphthyl‐p‐Terphenyl‐Vorstufe hergestellt. Die verdrillten Konformere D7H‐1 und D7H‐2 wurden durch Kristallisation getrennt, und ihre doppelte Helicenstruktur mit sich überlappenden terminalen Benzolringen wurde röntgenographisch aufgeklärt. Die hohe Isomerisierungsbarriere (46.0 kcal mol−1) der Doppelhelicene wurde mit Dichtefunktionaltheorie berechnet, wodurch sich eine sehr hohe Konformationsstabilität von D7H ergab. Die physikochemischen Eigenschaften von D7H‐1 und D7H‐2 wurden durch UV/Vis‐Spektroskopie und Cyclovoltammetrie untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen die konformationsabhängigen Unterschiede in der jeweiligen elektronischen Struktur. Die Racematspaltung von D7H‐1 erfolgte durch HPLC an chiraler Phase, und die enantiomerenreinen Konformere D7H‐1‐(P,P) und D7H‐1‐(M,M) konnten isoliert sowie durch CD‐Spektroskopie charakterisiert wurden.
Bidirectional Photomodulation of Surface Tension in Langmuir Films
Authors: Cheng Jinling , Štacko Peter , Rudolf Petra , Gengler Régis Y. N. , Feringa Ben L.
Published: December 2016

Switching systems operating in a cooperative manner capable of converting light energy into mechanical motion are of great interest for optical devices, data storage, nanoscale energy converters and molecular sensing. Herein, photoswitchable monolayers were formed at the air–water interface from either a pure bis(thiaxanthylidene)‐based photoswitchable amphiphile or from a mixture of the photoswitchable amphiphile with a conventional lipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Efficient photoisomerization of the anti‐folded to syn‐folded geometry of the amphiphile's central core induces changes in the surface pressure in either direction, depending on the initial molecular density. Additionally, the switching behavior can be regulated in the presence of DPPC, which influences the packing of the molecules, thereby controlling the transformation upon irradiation. Bis(thiaxanthylidene)‐based photoswitchable monolayers provide a promising system to explore cooperativity and amplification of motion.
Effects of electromagnetic fields on bone loss in hyperthyroidism rat model
Authors: Liu Chaoxu , Zhang Yingchi , Fu Tao , Liu Yang , Wei Sheng , Yang Yong , Zhao Dongming , Zhao Wenchun , Song Mingyu , Tang Xiangyu , Wu Hua
Published: December 2016

Optimal therapeutics for hyperthyroidism‐induced osteoporosis are still lacking. As a noninvasive treatment, electromagnetic fields (EMF) have been proven to be effective for treating osteoporosis in non‐hyperthyroidism conditions. We herein systematically evaluated the reduced effects of EMF on osteoporosis in a hyperthyroidism rat model. With the use of Helmholtz coils and an EMF stimulator, 15 Hz/1 mT EMF was generated. Forty‐eight 5‐month‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four different groups: control, levothyroxine treated (L‐T4), EMF exposure + levothyroxine (EMF + L‐T4), and EMF exposure without levothyroxine administration (EMF). All rats were treated with L‐T4 (100 mg/day) except those in control and EMF groups. After 12 weeks, the results obtained from bone mineral density analyses and bone mechanical measurements showed significant differences between L‐T4 and EMF + L‐T4 groups. Micro CT and bone histomorphometric analyses indicated that trabecular bone mass and architecture in distal femur and proximal tibia were augmented and restored partially in EMF + L‐T4 group. In addition, bone thyroid hormone receptors (THR) expression of hyperthyroidism rats was attenuated in EMF + L‐T4 group, compared to control group, which was not observed in L‐T4 group. According to these results, we concluded that 15 Hz/1 mT EMF significantly inhibited bone loss and micro architecture deterioration in hyperthyroidism rats, which might occur due to reduced THR expression caused by EMF exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:137–150, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment During Mitra‐Clip Implantation
Authors: Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Marmagkiolis Konstantinos
Published: December 2016

Key Points

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) assessment after MitraClip implantation is limited by unequal orifices and jets, eccentric regurgitation, and the acute change of the annulus geometry.

Periprocedural real‐time invasive hemodynamic assessment of the mitral valve function requires experience in hemodynamic monitoring interpretation. However, it provides excellent accuracy as it does not take into account the changes of the mitral apparatus geometry and jet direction after MitraClip placement.

While we seek to expand indications of Mitraclip to other patient subgroups, we should consider routine ancillary invasive hemodynamic assessment, in order to optimize our understanding, procedural results.
USPIO enhanced lymph node MRI using 3D multi‐echo GRE in a rabbit model
Authors: Kim Sung Hun , Oh Soon Nam , Choi Hyun Seok , Lee Hyun Sil , Jun Jaeseop , Nam Yoonho , Lee Sung Hak , Lee Jin‐Kwon , Lee Hae Giu
Published: December 2016

Ultrasmallsuperparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) has been suggested to be a negative MR contrast agent to detect metastatic lymph nodes. Previously reported studies have evaluated the diagnostic performance of USPIO‐enhanced MR lymph node imaging based on signal intensity. In this study, we investigate the specific performance of three different parametric approaches (normalized signal intensity, R2* and susceptibility) using 3D multi‐echo gradient echo to quantify the USPIO particles in lymph nodes. Nine rabbits with VX2 tumor implants were scanned before and after USPIO injection. From 3D multi‐echo GRE magnitude and phase data, we generated multi‐echo combined T2*‐weighted images, an R2* map, and a quantitative susceptibility map. Eighteen lymph nodes (nine reactive and nine metastatic) were evaluated and showed remarkable signal drops in the area of USPIO accumulation. On parametric analysis, the R2* difference before and after USPIO injection was significantly different (p < 0.05) between reactive and metastatic lymph nodes; in contrast, the normalized signal intensity and susceptibility were not significantly different between the nodes. Our study showed the potential utility of USPIO‐enhanced MRI using R2* mapping from 3D multi‐echo GRE for the detection of lymph node metastasis and parametric analysis of lymph node status in a rabbit model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safety‐critical Java for embedded systems
Authors: Schoeberl Martin , Dalsgaard Andreas Engelbredt , Hansen René Rydhof , Korsholm Stephan E. , Ravn Anders P. , Rios Rivas Juan Ricardo , Strøm Tórur Biskopstø , Søndergaard Hans , Wellings Andy , Zhao Shuai
Published: December 2016

This paper presents the motivation for and outcomes of an engineering research project on certifiable Java for embedded systems. The project supports the upcoming standard for safety‐critical Java, which defines a subset of Java and libraries aiming for development of high criticality systems. The outcome of this project include prototype safety‐critical Java implementations, a time‐predictable Java processor, analysis tools for memory safety, and example applications to explore the usability of safety‐critical Java for this application area. The text summarizes developments and key contributions and concludes with the lessons learned. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Properties of Tin Sulfide Thin Films from Nanocolloids Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: Johny Jacob , Sepulveda‐Guzman Selene , Krishnan Bindu , Avellaneda David A. , Aguilar Martinez Josue A. , Shaji Sadasivan
Published: December 2016

Tin sulfide (SnS) nanoparticles were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique using an Nd:YAG laser operated at 532 nm. SnS thin films were deposited by spraying the colloidal suspension onto the heated substrates. The influence of different liquid media (dimethyl formamide and isopropyl alcohol) on the thin film properties were studied. Morphology, crystalline structure, and chemical composition of the nanoparticles were identified using transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The crystalline structure of the thin films was analyzed by using grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction, and the chemical states by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was employed for the morphological analysis of the thin films. Annealing the films at 380 °C improved the crystallinity of the films exhibiting a layered morphology, which may be useful in optoelectronic and sensing applications. Cyclic voltammetry studies showed that the films have good electrochemical properties.
Overview on Research and Clinical Applications of Optogenetics
Authors: Towne Chris , Thompson Kimberly R.
Published: December 2016

Optogenetics is a method that uses light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been modified to express light‐sensitive ion channels and pumps. The approach facilitates neuromodulation in brain preparations and freely moving animals with unmatched spatial and temporal resolution. This optogenetics overview describes the vast array of light‐sensitive proteins available and the methods used to deliver them to tissue and modulate them with light. How these methods have so far enhanced our knowledge of fundamental neuroscience and psychiatric disease will be discussed as well as how they may contribute to drug discovery in the future. Finally, the potential rewards and risks of therapeutic gene transfer of optogenetic proteins in humans will be considered. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Porous Ionic Polymers as a Robust and Efficient Platform for Capture and Chemical Fixation of Atmospheric CO2
Authors: Sun Qi , Jin Yingyin , Aguila Briana , Meng Xiangju , Ma Shengqian , Xiao Feng‐Shou
Published: December 2016

Direct use of atmospheric CO2 as a C1 source to synthesize high‐value chemicals through environmentally benign processes is of great interest, yet challenging. Porous heterogeneous catalysts that are capable of simultaneously capturing and converting CO2 are promising candidates for such applications. Herein, a family of organic ionic polymers with nanoporous structure, large surface area, strong affinity for CO2, and very high density of catalytic active sites (halide ions) was synthesized through the free‐radical polymerization of vinylfunctionalized quaternary phosphonium salts. The resultant porous ionic polymers (PIPs) exhibit excellent activities in the cycloaddition of epoxides with atmospheric CO2, outperforming the corresponding soluble phosphonium salt analogues and ranking among the highest of known metal‐free catalytic systems. The high CO2 uptake capacity of the PIPs facilitates the enrichment of CO2 molecules around the catalytic centers, thereby benefiting its conversion. We have demonstrated for the first time that atmospheric CO2 can be directly converted to cyclic carbonates at room temperature using a heterogeneous catalytic system under metal‐solvent free conditions. Moreover, the catalysts proved to be robust and fully recyclable, demonstrating promising potential for practical utilization for the chemical fixation of CO2. Our work thereby paves a way to the advance of PIPs as a new type of platform for capture and conversion of CO2.
Tetraphenylmethane‐Arylamine Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Xuepeng , Kong Fantai , Cheng Tai , Chen Wangchao , Tan Zhan'ao , Yu Ting , Guo Fuling , Chen Jian , Yao Jianxi , Dai Songyuan
Published: December 2016

A new class of hole‐transporting materials (HTM) containing tetraphenylmethane (TPM) core have been developed. After thermal, charge carrier mobility, and contact angle tests, it was found that TPA‐TPM (TPA: arylamine derivates side group) showed higher glass‐transition temperature and larger water‐contact angle than spiro‐OMeTAD with comparable hole mobility. Photoluminescence and impedance spectroscopy studies indicate that TPA‐TPM's hole‐extraction ability is comparable to that of spiro‐OMeTAD. SEM and AFM results suggest that TPA‐TPM has a smooth surface. When TPA‐TPM is used in mesoscopic perovskite solar cells, power conversion efficiency comparable to that of spiro‐OMeTAD is achieved. Notably, the perovskite solar cells employing TPA‐TPM show better long‐term stability than that of spiro‐OMeTAD. Moreover, TPA‐TPM can be prepared from relatively inexpensive raw materials with a facile synthetic route. The results demonstrate that TPM‐arylamines are a new class of HTMs for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
Indirect effects and prey behavior mediate interactions between an endangered prey and recovering predator
Authors: Lee L. C. , Watson J. C. , Trebilco R. , Salomon A. K.
Published: December 2016

Managing for simultaneous recovery of interacting species, particularly top predators and their prey, is a longstanding challenge in applied ecology and conservation. The effects of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) on abalone (Haliotis spp.) is a salient example along North America's west coast where sea otters are recovering from 18th‐ and 19th‐century fur trade while efforts are being made to recover abalone from more recent overfishing. To understand the direct and indirect effects of sea otters on northern abalone (H. kamtschatkana) and the relative influence of biotic and abiotic conditions, we surveyed subtidal rocky reef sites varying in otter occupation time in three regions of British Columbia, Canada. Sites occupied by sea otters for over 30 years had 16 times lower densities of exposed abalone than sites where otters have yet to recover (0.46 ± 0.08/20 m2 vs. 7.56 ± 0.98/20 m2), but they also had higher densities of cryptic abalone (2.17 ± 1.31/20 m2 vs. 1.31 ± 0.20/20 m2). Abalone densities were greater in deeper vs. shallower habitats at sites with sea otters compared to sites without otters. Sea otter effects on exposed abalone density were three times greater in magnitude than those of any other factor, whereas substrate and wave exposure effects on cryptic abalone were six times greater than those of sea otters. While higher substrate complexity may benefit abalone by providing refugia from sea otter predation, laboratory experiments revealed that it may also lead to higher capture efficiency by sunflower stars (Pycnopodia helianthoides), a ubiquitous mesopredator, compared to habitat with lower complexity. Sea otter recovery indirectly benefitted abalone by decreasing biomass of predatory sunflower stars and competitive grazing sea urchins, while increasing stipe density and depth of kelp that provides food and protective habitat. Importantly, abalone persisted in the face of sea otter recovery, albeit at lower densities of smaller and more cryptic individuals. We provide empirical evidence of how complex ecological interactions influence the effects of recovering predators on their recovering prey. This ecosystem‐based understanding can inform conservation trade‐offs when balancing multifaceted ecological, cultural, and socio‐economic objectives for species at risk.
A review of flavors authentication by position‐specific isotope analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry: the example of vanillin
Authors: Remaud Gérald S. , Akoka Serge
Published: December 2016

Consumers are increasingly interested in the authenticity and traceability of food products. This review aims at describing the principles of NMR Position‐Specific Isotopic Analysis and the applications and perspectives for aroma‐chemical authentication. Vanillin is an excellent example since, owing to its organoleptic qualities; it is undoubtedly one of the most used aroma‐chemicals in food, confectionery, beverages, perfumery, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. 2H‐NMR was first used, but it required several hours of spectrometer time and fairly large sample amounts. 13C NMR enabled the reduction of both the experimental time and the needed quantity of vanillin. Recent developments will soon make the analysis of vanillin possible in manufactured products. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RETRACTED: MiR‐101‐3p Regulates the Viability of Lung Squamous Carcinoma Cells via Targeting EZH2
Authors: Hou Yu , Li Lan , Ju Yunhe , Lu Yulin , Chang Li , Xiang Xudong
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of miR‐101‐3p on the viability, migration, invasion, and mitosis of lung squamous carcinoma cells by inhibiting EZH2. In this study, RT‐qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR‐101‐3p and EZH2 in both tissues and cells at RNA level. The dual luciferase reporter gene system was used to determine whether there was targeting relationship between miR‐101‐3p and EZH2‐3'UTR. Western Blot was used to detect the expression of EZH2 as well as the proliferation and invasion related proteins. The CCK‐8 assay, Transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry were conducted to test the cell viability, invasion, migration and apoptosis. The results of RT‐qPCR and Western blot showed that miR‐101‐3p was low‐expressed and EZH2 was overexpressed in lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues and cells. Meanwhile the Western blot confirmed the effects of EZH2 expression on the proliferation and invasion of carcinoma cells. The results of luciferase assay and RT‐qPCR showed that miR‐101‐3p had a negative regulation effect on EZH2. The CCK‐8 assay, Transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry results showed that the inhibition of EZH2 or the up‐regulation of miR‐101‐3p inhibited the viability, migration, invasion and cell cycle but promoted cell apoptosis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. MiR‐101‐3p could inhibit the viability, migration, invasion, and cell cycle of lung squamous carcinoma cells by inhibiting the EZH2. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3142–3149, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Promotes Formation of Aerobic Myofibers via the FGF21‐SIRT1‐AMPK‐PGC1α Pathway
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Wang Yongliang , Hou Liming , Xiong Yuanzhu , Zhao Shuhong
Published: December 2016

Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) is a pivotal regulator of energy metabolism, which is currently being assessed as a potential drug target for the treatment of insulin‐resistant conditions. However, the cellular mechanisms by which FGF21 affects myogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we explored the function of FGF21 in myogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Our experiments showed for the first time that FGF21 promotes myoblast differentiation and serves as a switch of molecular transformation from anaerobic myofibers to aerobic myofibers via the FGF21‐SIRT1‐AMPK‐PGC1α axis. Furthermore, we employed the Dual‐Luciferase Reporter Assay System and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) and demonstrated that MYOD, a major myogenic transcription factor, binds directly to the promoter region of Fgf21, leading to the activation of Fgf21 expression in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. Our study revealed a novel mechanism of myogenesis and muscle fiber transformation and indicated that FGF21 serves as a vital regulator of muscle development and important contributor to the pathogenesis of myopathy. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1893–1906, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.