bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
C-S bond cleavage by a polyketide synthase domain
Authors: Ma Ming , Lohman Jeremy R. , Liu Tao , Shen Ben
Published: August 2015

Significance

Sulfur incorporation into natural products remains poorly understood except for those derived from intact cysteine or methionine. Leinamycin (LNM) is a sulfur-containing antitumor antibiotic featuring an unusual 1,3-dioxo-1,2-dithiolane moiety. A pyridoxal phosphate-dependent domain, termed cysteine lyase (SH) domain, is identified within the LNM polyketide synthase (PKS) module-8 of LnmJ. The LnmJ-SH domain catalyzes C-S bond cleavage by using
l
-cysteine and
l
-cysteine
S
-modified analogs as substrates, shares no sequence homology with any other enzymes catalyzing C-S bond cleavage, and represents a new family of PKS domains. This study establishes
l
-cysteine as the origin of the C-3 sulfur of LNM, expands the chemistry and enzymology of PKS, and sets the stage to incorporate sulfur into polyketide natural products by PKS engineering.
Dynamic localization of Mps1 kinase to kinetochores is essential for accurate spindle microtubule attachment
Authors: Dou Zhen , Liu Xing , Wang Wenwen , Zhu Tongge , Wang Xinghui , Xu Leilei , Abrieu Ariane , Fu Chuanhai , Hill Donald L. , Yao Xuebiao
Published: August 2015

Significance

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) works as a surveillance mechanism to ensure accurate segregation of genetic materials during cell division. Protein kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) plays a key role in SAC, but the mechanism of Mps1 action in chromosome segregation remains elusive. In this study, we identified a previously undefined structural determinant of Mps1 named “IRK” (internal region for kinetochore localization) and demonstrated its functional importance in accurate kinetochore–microtubule attachment. Mechanistically, a dynamic hierarchical interaction between Mps1 and the nuclear division cycle 80 complex (Ndc80C) orchestrates accurate mitosis, because persistent association of inactive Mps1 with Ndc80C via the IRK perturbs correct kinetochore–microtubule attachment. Our results provide a new mechanistic insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of Mps1 activity at the kinetochore in mitosis.
Siderocalin-mediated recognition, sensitization, and cellular uptake of actinides
Authors: Allred Benjamin E. , Rupert Peter B. , Gauny Stacey S. , An Dahlia D. , Ralston Corie Y. , Sturzbecher-Hoehne Manuel , Strong Roland K. , Abergel Rebecca J.
Published: August 2015

Significance

The release of actinides in the environment, particularly after a nuclear power plant accident or the potential use of a radiological dispersal device, is a public health threat, as all actinides are radioactive and will trigger damage once internalized by the human body. The biological chemistry of actinide metal ions is largely unknown and new approaches to the understanding of pathways underlying contamination are needed. This work identifies a new mammalian pathway for the intracellular delivery of the radioactive toxic metal ions that are actinides, through the protein siderocalin. Spectroscopic tools, including X-ray diffraction and luminescence, provided insights on the coordination of these metal ions, which is crucial to devise new strategies for decontamination.
A globally distributed mobile genetic element inhibits natural transformation of
Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Dalia Ankur B. , Seed Kimberley D. , Calderwood Stephen B. , Camilli Andrew
Published: August 2015

Significance

Bacterial pathogens evolve rapidly in the face of clinical interventions and therapeutics; one mechanism that can promote this evolution is their ability to acquire novel DNA sequences, known as horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Here, we studied HGT in clinical isolates of
Vibrio cholerae
, the causative agent of cholera, and found that a horizontally transferred element inhibits another mechanism of HGT—natural transformation. The element that inhibits natural transformation is globally distributed among
V. cholerae
isolates. We show, however, that there has been a rise in the prevalence of strains that lack this inhibitory element. Thus, our results suggest that in the future there may be an increase in the role of natural transformation on the evolution of this pathogen.
Direct calculation of ice homogeneous nucleation rate for a molecular model of water
Authors: Haji-Akbari Amir , Debenedetti Pablo G.
Published: August 2015

Significance

Despite the importance of ice nucleation in a wide range of natural and technological systems, it is not trivial to predict its kinetics or unravel its mechanism experimentally. It is also challenging to study the stochastic nature of ice nucleation in computer simulations. The direct calculation of the nucleation rate for realistic molecular models of water is commonly regarded as one of the most challenging open problems in computational studies of water. By applying a novel coarse-graining modification to the forward-flux sampling technique, we perform the first direct rate calculation for TIP4P/Ice, one of the best existing molecular models of water. We also identify the molecular origin of the preference for the cubic polymorph during the homogeneous nucleation process.
In vivo imaging of axonal transport of mitochondria in the diseased and aged mammalian CNS
Authors: Takihara Yuji , Inatani Masaru , Eto Kei , Inoue Toshihiro , Kreymerman Alexander , Miyake Seiji , Ueno Shinji , Nagaya Masatoshi , Nakanishi Ayami , Iwao Keiichiro , Takamura Yoshihiro , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Satoh Keita , Kondo Mineo , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Goldberg Jeffrey L. , Nabekura Junichi , Tanihara Hidenobu
Published: August 2015

Significance

The lack of intravital imaging of axonal transport of mitochondria in the living mammalian CNS precludes the characterization of transport dynamics in the diseased and aged mammalian CNS. Here we report minimally invasive intravital multiphoton imaging of mouse retinal ganglion cells that offers sequential time-lapse images of mitochondria transported in a single axon with submicrometer resolution. We show highly dynamic axonal transport of mitochondria in the mammalian CNS in vivo under physiological conditions and characterize disturbances of mitochondrial transport in a mouse glaucoma model and age-related changes in mitochondrial transport. Our method is useful for characterizing the dynamics of axonal transport of mitochondria and the dynamics of other submicrometer structures in the diseased and aged mammalian CNS in vivo.
RabGDIα is a negative regulator of interferon-γ–inducible GTPase-dependent cell-autonomous immunity toToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Ohshima Jun , Sasai Miwa , Liu Jianfa , Yamashita Kazuo , Ma Ji Su , Lee Youngae , Bando Hironori , Howard Jonathan C. , Ebisu Shigeyuki , Hayashi Mikako , Takeda Kiyoshi , Standley Daron M. , Frickel Eva-Maria , Yamamoto Masahiro
Published: August 2015

Significance

IFN-γ is a proinflammatory cytokine and stimulates induction of ∼2,000 genes, including IFN-γ–inducible GTPases, such as immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) and guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), that are critically required for cell-autonomous host defense against the vacuolar pathogenToxoplasma gondii. Mechanisms of how recruitment of these GTPases to the vacuoles is positively regulated have been gradually elucidated. However, the negative regulation remains unknown. Here, we show that Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor α (RabGDIα) acts as a suppressor of IFN-γ–inducible GTPases, such as Gbp2 and Irga6. RabGDIα deficiency resulted in enhanced IFN-γ–mediatedT. gondiiclearance in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, RabGDIα inhibited the act of Gbp2 and Irga6 through the lipid-binding pocket. Thus, our current study demonstrates a negative regulatory mechanism for IFN-γ–inducible GTPase-dependent cell-autonomous immunity.
Defect tolerance and the effect of structural inhomogeneity in plasmonic DNA-nanoparticle superlattices
Authors: Ross Michael B. , Ku Jessie C. , Blaber Martin G. , Mirkin Chad A. , Schatz George C.
Published: August 2015

Significance

Materials constructed with metal nanoparticles interact strongly with light, enabling functions such as tunable color, molecular sensors, and light-based electronics. These materials, however, are often imperfect; nanoparticles vary in their size, shape, and surface morphology, which can affect the quality of their arrangement as well as their properties. We use DNA to synthesize precisely controlled crystalline arrangements of gold nanoparticles and survey how a variety of structural inhomogeneities affects their optical properties. The results reported herein identify specific metal nanoparticle-based materials whose optical properties are either sensitive or insensitive to inhomogeneity.
A Linguistic Approach to Narrative
Authors: Gee James Paul
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article develops, through an analysis of a single example, a linguistic ap-proach to narrative. I argue that the discourse structure of a text functions to set up a series of interpretive questions, questions that must be answered by any acceptable interpretation, but that also constrain what count as acceptable inter-pretations. I argue that the text I use as an example, a narrative from a woman in her 20s suffering from schizophrenia, is a typical-if striking-example of human narrative sense making. The global organization of the narrative, like all deeply senseful uses of language, flows from the organization of the discourse system (line and stanzas) and from the lived and earned coherence of the narra-tor's life. (Psychology)
Beyond Reductionism: Narrative Genres in Divorce Accounts
Authors: Riessman Catherine Kohler
Published: August 2015

Abstract There is an inevitable connection betweenreduction-our need to simplify and order-andrepresentation-our dependence on words and images to stand for what we see and feel. Using divorce as an example, I examine the consequences of three forms of representation and compare what we learn from symptom counts, from lists of marital complaints, and from narrative accounts of mar-riage. All three forms involve reduction and selection, but narratives privilege the teller's language and way of organizing experience into talk. Yet narrative theory has been constrained by its primary focus on the story. Drawing on research interviews, I display various genres within the narrative medium: habit-ual and hypothetical narratives and an approach-avoidance narrative, in addi-tion to stories. Each has a distinctive style and structure and each persuades differently. As a way of dealing with the reductionism of narrative theory, we need to open up our definitions of narrative to include these and other forms.(Qualitative Sociology)
Children’s Testimony About a Stressful Event: Improving Children’s Reports
Authors: Goodman Gail S. , Bottoms Bette L. , Schwartz-Kenney Beth M. , Rudy Leslie
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Age differences in children's ability to recount a stressful event were explored, as were several ways to improve children's reports. Seventy 3- to 7 year olds were videotaped while receiving inoculations at a medical clinic. It was predicted that multiple interviews would maintain memory and strengthen resistance to sugges-tion. It was also predicted that social support would ease intimidation and thus lessen children's suggestibility. To test these predictions, children were inter-viewed either once after a 4-week delay or twice, following 2- and 4-week delays, and under either "reinforcing" or "nonreinforcing" conditions. Age differences in answers to specific and misleading questions and in performance on a photo identification task were prevalent. However, multiple interviews and reinforce-ment supported more accurate reports. Training was effective in reducing false identifications on the photo identification task, especially for older children. Children's accuracy was unrelated to parental ratings of the stressfulness of the event. Our findings have implications for the testimony of child victim witnesses and for child-adult reconstruction of a child's past history. (Psychology)
Learning to Reminisce: A Case Study
Authors: Hudson Judith A.
Published: August 2015

Abstract This study examined mother-child conversation about past events as a context in which children acquire the discourse skills for talking about the past and develop the ability to recall past events. Conversations about past events were recorded in one mother-child dyad from 20 to 28 months. Analyses focused on changes in the structure and content of the conversation over time as well as on the effects of retention interval on long-term memory. In addition, effects of repeated memory conversations about the same events were examined. Over time, the child was more active in participating in and then initiating conversa-tions about the past. Her contributions also became more evaluative with age. Repeated memory conversations did not affect the child's recall of the particular events that had been previously discussed, but over the 8 months she was able to recall more about events in general. These results suggest that early autobio-graphical memory development involves learning how to remember, not what to remember; the skills for retrieving and talking about memories emerge, but the specific content of repeatedly recalled events varies over retelling.(Psychology)
Narrative Structures, Meanings, and Life Histories in the Historical Novel Kaugurieši
Authors: Viķis-Freibergs Vaira
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Narrative structures serve the double function of selecting episodes and charac-ters to be included in the narration, as well as offering a generative mechanism for their sequencing, both functions being simultaneous and mutually interac-tive. According to Eco (1984), narrative structures are multilayered, including an abstract level of ideology. Few studies have been done on specific narrative subgenres, such as the historical novel. This article examines a historical novel by Latvian writer Karlis Zariņš (1938, 1948, 1975, 1985), which depicts a failed peasant uprising at Kauguri, Latvia in 1802. Bakhtine's (1978) theoreti-cal notion of chronotope is invoked, distinguishing the external chronotope— the general historical and geographic situation—from the internal chronotope—the sequence of individual transformations. In Kaugurieši, the ex-ternal chronotope is depicted as a sociopolitical chess game, in which the Rus-sian king and the German knights play active roles, the queen is chance, and the pawns (Latvian peasants) are helpless victims. The plot centers on a tragi-cally failed attempt by the Latvians to change the historical givens by becom-ing an active, collective force. The internal chronotopes reveal the paths of individual lives, some of which follow the abstract model of heroic quest and sacrifice. (Psychohistory)
Telling Lives: The Aftermath
Authors: Dunaway David King
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article unveils the aftermath of writing life narratives for publication. As biographer of Pete Seeger and Aldous Huxley, I draw on my experiences to categorize response from family, community, and subject. The thesis is that such anticipated response inevitably shapes the work, before publication, via prior censorship. (Oral history; oral biography interviewing; author/subject
Returning Home: Life Histories and the Native Community
Authors: Blackman Margaret B.
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Early life histories were written with little consideration of the native community as audience. Today's life histories make their way back to the native communities where they are sold to locals and tourists, absorbed into the school or community library, and even read. Publication of two life histories of Native American women invites reflection on how these books have been "read" in their native communities and their impact on their narrators and on native-initiated life-history research in these same communities. These works also raise the issue of whether anthropologist authors can write life histories for a culturally diverse audience or whether we must present life stories differently to the multiple audiences our works now address. (Life history interviewing and editing; issues of cultural representation; cross-cultural communication)
Writing Life Histories From the Field
Authors: Schneider William
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article raises issues of rendering oral narratives as text, the different needs of audiences in oral and literate settings, and how the relationship of narrator and collaborator influences the information and its presentation. Successfully addressing these issues demands that the anthropologist also consider the literary impact of the work. I conclude that the literary consideration raised in this genre of writing is basic to the most important of anthropological concerns, the cross-cultural communication of understandings. (Participant observation; life-history interviewing, editing, and narrative construction; cultural representation; writing for culturally diverse audiences)
Emotion and Narrative Structure in Young Children's Personal Accounts
Authors: Hudson Judith A. , Gebelt Janet , Haviland Jeannette , Bentivegna Christine
Published: August 2015

Abstract We propose that the definition of well-formedness in narrative production should be expanded to include different types of narrative genres. Furthermore, varia-tions in narrative genre may be related to the emotional tone of the narrative. Research on preschool children's personal narratives is reported, which indicates that young children employ different narrative structures when narrating experi-ences related to different emotional moods. In relating a happy experience, children often focused on recreating the mood of a particular moment in time; these stories contained relatively less dynamic action and were more often categorized as moment-in-time stories which achieved coherence through their richness of description and use of emotional evaluation. Stories about anger and fear more closely resembled traditional plotted stories in which dynamic actions rise to a climax or high point that is followed by falling action and resolution. However, when telling stories about a fearful experience children focused more on rising action and less on falling action than when they related stories about anger. Thus, the fear stories focused more on recreating a mood of suspense and impending danger whereas the anger stories focused more on conditions leading to anger, the expression of anger, and its consequences. Examples from adult writers are also discussed in terms of these narrative structures for talking about emotion.(Psychology)
Narrating and Listening in Kindergarten
Authors: Meng Katharina
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this article, some major results of a longitudinal study on preschool children's narrative development are presented. Narrative development is seen as the acqui-sition of narrative competence, that is, the knowing how narrator activities and listener activities are reciprocally interrelated. Both narrator and listener have to carry out characteristic joint tasks in the phases of narrative units. In the initiation phase, they have to deal with embedding the narrative unit in the ongoing conversation; in the realization phase, they have to create and maintain prerequisites for the listener's understanding, to present and reconstruct the event sequence, to mark and reconstruct the narrator's perspective, and so on; in the closing phase, they have to compare the narrator's and the listener's perspectives on the events presented.

The data base for the study consists of narrative units taken from everyday conversations in one kindergarten group recorded over a 3-year period beginning when the children were 3 and ending when they were 6 years old. The narrative units are analyzed and interpreted in order to find out how the children ap-proached and solved the tasks typical for narrating and listening at the ages of 3, 4½, and 6 years. (Linguistics)
Peer Co-Narration: Changes in Structure of Preschoolers' Participation
Authors: Bokus Barbara
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article represents the interactional approach to the study of child narration. The analyses reveal the process of story creation by children in the roles of narrator and co-narrator. In building a narrative text alone (solo narration) or together with another child (co-narration), the child transmits new information to the peer listener about the adventures of storybook heroes. Nine hundred and sixty children ranging in age from 3 to 7 years took part in the investigation (384 in narrator and co-narrator roles and 576 in listener roles).

A modified version of Peterson and McCabe's (1983) method of narrative analysis was used. The results showed that co-constructed narratives underwent change with age in reference complexity (greater change than in solo constructed ones). Co-narrator contributions were analyzed in terms of (a) new reference content (introducing new reference situations), and (b) operations upon the partner's text (in various categories mainly confirmational and supplementary). The dominant partner in introducing new content was the initiator of the dis-course, whereas the dominant one in performing text operations was the con-tinuer. Changes across the age span were found in both types of co-narrator contribution. These results showed the changing structure of preschoolers' par-ticipation in co-narrative discourse. (Psycholinguistics)
Collaborators and Critics: The Nature and Effects of Peer Interaction on Children's Conversational Narratives
Authors: Preece Alison
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article examines the reactions of three young children to the narratives they spontaneously created and told to, and with, each other during daily 40-min drives to and from school. The data consist of 90 hr of recorded conversations spanning an 18-month period. The nature and effects of their comments to the narrator(s) are explored. The children are found to assume roles as both critics and as collaborators and to facilitate and support each other's efforts to create and tell a rich variety of narrative forms. Parallels with the role of adults in fostering narrative growth are noted. (Psychology qualitative, ethnographic analy-sis)
Children's Storytelling in Adult-Child Interaction: Three Dimensions in Narrative Development
Authors: Hausendorf Heiko , Quasthoff Uta M.
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article addresses the questions: (a) What kind of discourse abilities children need in order to produce conversational narratives?; (b) In what order are these abilities acquired?; and (c) How do children acquire these abilities in interaction with adults? The first question is dealt with by means of a descriptive model that represents different knowledge domains working jointly in narrative interaction. The next question is addressed through empirical findings resulting in three dimensions of developmental progress. The answer to the final question deals with the explanatory aspect in terms of possible developmental mechanisms underlying the observed patterns of adult-child interaction. (Linguistics)
Medical Interpretation: Implications of Literary Theory of Narrative for Clinical Work
Authors: Charon Rita
Published: August 2015

Abstract Literary narrative theory offers robust conceptual frameworks for understand-ing the act of writing, the act of reading, the configuration of plot, and the narrative contract that binds writer and reader together. This article applies some current theoretical approaches used in studying literary storytelling to the storytelling that takes place in the doctor's office, conceptualizing the patient as the writer or teller and the doctor as the reader or listener. By inspecting clinical medicine as a narrative enterprise, shot through with the ambiguities and language-borne allusiveness of the fictional text, this study demonstrates ways in which patients and doctors may better understand their complex and often unsuccessful attempts to hear one another to the end.(General Internal Medicine and Literature)
The Housewife's Tale: Maternal Poetics in Eudora Welty's Delta Wedding
Authors: Dale Corinne
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In Delta Wedding, Welty immerses the reader in the world of the traditional home-centered woman. The novel explores the transformational, even sacred, nature of housework and domestic ritual through the experiences of five female characters at different stages of development, from 9-year-old Laura to Ellen, the "mother of them all." Structurally, the novel is organized by the intertwined and repeated circular journeys of the women, journeys that echo primal stories of female development. The repetition and sense of stasis that are integral to these elements as archetypal female experiences have irritated some critics. But the novel provides a framework for the maternal ethic of "holding" and offers a feminist poetics, essential for fully appreciating other texts that celebrate traditional female experiences. (Literary criticism; gender studies)
"Words Like Bones": Narrative, Performance, and the Reinscribing of Violence in Leslie Marmon Silko's Storyteller
Authors: Shea Murphy Jacqueline
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article discusses the ways in which Leslie Marmon Silko's book Storyteller (1981), and the inscription of Native American oral storytelling techniques in it, challenge theories that assert that narrative is fueled by desire and/or ab-sence or loss. In particular, it examines how this inscription refigures the role of violence, and especially rape, in the series of "Yellow Woman" tales in Silko's book. Each of the article's four parts performs a different approach to understanding the book: The first part questions, by way of staging, a Lacan-based focus on lack in understanding narrative structure; the second discusses the cultural and moral dilemmas of teaching Silko's pieces, and the depictions of sexual coercion in them; the third imagines the possibilities and limitations of a Foucault-based theory of narrative; and the fourth addresses how a per-formance-based reading of the tales provides a way of dealing with these issues. (Oral storytelling theory; performance theory; gender studies; pedagogy)
Tillie Olsen: Probing the Boundaries Between Text and Context
Authors: Frye Joanne S.
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cultural criticism necessitates not only an examination of the context of the writer but also a broader understanding of the ways in which text and context are integrally interrelated. For pursuing these intersections, Tillie Olsen's short fiction in Tell Me a Riddle is particularly exemplary because of its textual richness and its distinctive ways of drawing on historical context. Interviews with Olsen heighten the significance of her particular context in the 1950s and emphasize the shaping effect that circumstances had on her choices in language and form as she wrote this fiction. Two concerns surface as particularly impor-tant: family life and political activism. An inquiry into these two concerns then suggests the complexity of how voice and circumstance, language and social forces, interact—in the writer, in the text, in the reader, and finally in the choices we might make for shaping alternative understandings of cultural change. (Cultural criticism; literary criticism)
Narrative Silence in America's Stories
Authors: Reid Margaret
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the historical event of the American Revolution, as well as in certain central texts of the American literary imagination, a tension between the power of a community to define itself through language and the resistance of experiential history to such enclosure is represented through a particular form of narrative silence. This narrative form may first suggest repression and the failures of memory. But the American imagination has used narrative silence as a way of representing events that lie outside of the known and planned, in order to preserve the residual life of experience and so to bear witness to the imagina-tion's dependence on the whole of history. In this essay, I argue that this narrative form reveals a central paradox of the American cultural imagination: This imagination successfully encodes its story of community exactly insofar as it creates a place—in language and in thought—for the safely silent acknowl-edgement of the power of experiential knowledge and untold secrets. (Culture studies; literary criticism)
Victorian Treasure Houses: The Novel and the Parlor
Authors: Logan Thad
Published: August 2015

Abstract The domestic interior plays a significant role in realistic fiction and in 19th-century bourgeois life. The development of conventions for describing interiors in the novel coincides with the historical appearance of elaborately decorated parlors and with the feminization of domestic space. Both middle-class interiors and realistic fiction are characterized by a proliferation of detail, and their stylistic similarity can be mapped onto the emergence of a commodity culture. The fictive rhetoric of materiality and identity reflects complex relations of gender, property, and signification in the social world.(Cultural criticism; literary criticism; gender studies)
Affects and Interactions in Newlyweds' Narratives: Black and White Couples Compared
Authors: Veroff Joseph , Chadiha Letha , Leber Douglas , Sutherland Lynne
Published: August 2015

Abstract Two main questions guided this research: (a) How do newlyweds' affective statements and interactive styles found in narratives told about their relation-ship help us understand the meaning they make of their marriages? (b) How does analysis of the affective statements and interactive styles of Black couples (n = 136) in comparison to White couples (n = 135) help us understand the differential meaning in these groups? The representative sample was inter-viewed from 5 to 8 months after marriage. The narrative procedure asked the couples to tell the story of their relationship. By and large, Black couples and White couples showed similar patterns of affective reactions: They were gener-ally positive, emphasizing individual rather than communal affects, many of which dealt with the external world rather than their own interpersonal lives. In comparison to White husbands, Black husbands are more often perceived as the focus of affective life in the relationship. White couples refer to the external world in their affective statements more frequently than Black couples. With regard to interactive styles in the storytelling, there were more Black-White differences. Although most couples' interactions were mainly collaborative, Blacks showed less cooperative styles of interaction and greater conflict than did Whites. Using the developmental, cultural variant, and cultural equiva-lent perspectives, the article presents interpretations of the similimilarities and differences found for Black and White couples' narratives.(Psychology; an-thropology)
Global Texts, Narrativity and the Construction of Local and Global Meanings in Television News
Authors: Gurevitch Michael , Kavoori Anandam P.
Published: August 2015

Abstract This article discusses the relevance of narrative analysis to the study of media globalization by presenting results of an ongoing study of television news in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East. It discusses issues of local and global meanings by focusing on a number of elements of narrative structure (time, valence, story/discourse, themes, drama, genre, and myths) and argues that each element presents ways to track particularistic and universalistic meanings in television news. A concluding section emphasizes the importance of narrative analysis to the study of globalization with a discussion of live global television events.(Journalism and Mass Communication)
The Absence of Narrative: Boredom and the Residual Power of Television News
Authors: Lewis Justin
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The article begins by arguing—against conventional wisdom—that one of the defining features of television news is the absence of narrative codes in its structure. Rather than raising the questions that it later resolves, television news has a disjointed structure that makes it hard to follow or comprehend. Viewers find it much more difficult, for this reason, to retain information from the news than from almost any other form of television. To understand the influence of television news, we must understand which elements this disjointed narrative encourages us to retain. These elements tend to involve oft-repeated sets of simple associations rather than any more complex histories. Indeed, the failure of news to communicate historical connections impoverishes the quality of decision making and public understanding by citizens who increasingly rely upon television news to provide information about the world.
"This Is Your Life": Telling a Holocaust Survivor's Life Story on Early American Television
Authors: Shandler Jeffrey
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The appearance of Hanna Bloch Kohner on a 1953 episode of the series This Is Your Life is among the earliest presentations of a Holocaust survivor's personal history on American television. Analysis of the program explores how television—a collaborative, corporate medium—shapes the telling of an individual's life story, and how the program relates the story of the Holocaust in terms of personal history. The article also examines how the program's producers employed television's distinctive characteristics to enable, limit, or otherwise shape the presentation of the Holocaust, and how the episode indicates that its creators understood its subject as being somehow singular, even as the conceptualization of the Holocaust was emerging, before the term Holocaust entered American public discourse. The article also considers how the program reflects the social and political context of post-World War II America in general and postwar American Jewish life in particular. Finally, the article considers how analysis of this program offers insight into other, later presentations of the Holocaust on American television, especially those dealing with the life story of an individual survivor. (Yiddish Studies/Jewish ethnology)
Narrating the Social: Postmodernism and the Drama of Democracy
Authors: Sherwood Steven Jay
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article challenges the postmodernist view—embodied in the work of such theorists as Baudrillard and Lyotard—that contemporary society is rife with meaninglessness and objectification. Rather, we will argue, meaning is creatively negotiated, among other ways, through narratives conveyed by the mass media. In examining the metanarrative underlying American news accounts, the drama of democracy, and the application of its various genres in the cases of Mikhail Gorbachev and Clarence Thomas, we aim to show that the dramatic categories of good and evil are ever-present parameters of morality in media accounts. The existence of such parameters demonstrates the robust nature of the social imagination as a resource to combat the despair offered by the postmodern perspective. (Sociology)
The Semiotic Foundations of Media Narratives: Saddam and Nasser in the American Mass Media
Authors: Smith Philip
Published: August 2015

Abstract The article examines the impact of cultural structures on journalistic story telling. It argues that the mass media can be understood in neofunctionalist terms as a subsystem of civil society. Mass media discourses are therefore responsive to the cultural forms shaping civil discourse. At the core of American media discourse is a set of binary codes that specify civic virtues and vices. These codes provide the foundation from which more complex narrative forms are constructed in the American mass media. The proposed model of codes and narratives is briefly applied in a comparative analysis of American mass media interpretations of Gamal Abdel Nasser and the 1956 Suez crisis, and Saddam Hussein and the 1990-1991 Gulf War.(Sociology)
Crimes of Reporting: The Unhappy End of a Fact-Finding Mission in the Bible
Authors: Liebes Tamar
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes the famous Biblical account of a group sent by Moses to scout the Holy Land in anticipation of its conquest (Num. 13-14) and focuses on the unhappy ending of the story. It examines three explanations for why the scouts were punished: (a) for adding their opinions to the facts they were supposed to report (editorializing), (b) for insinuating their opinions into the report itself (bias), and (c) for releasing the report to the public rather than funneling it through the leader. The article analyzes not only the story itself but also the story of the story to reveal the narrator's ideological position. (Mass Communication)
What Is This Thing Called Love? Emotional Scenarios in Historical Perspective
Authors: Gergen Mary M. , Gergen Kenneth J.
Published: August 2015

Abstract
From a social-constructionist standpoint, emotional expressions are constitu-ents of lived narratives, and gain their meaning from their position within these narratives. These special forms of narrative, termed emotional scenarios, are themselves lodged within a broader cultural and historical landscape. This article compares major features of romantic love scenarios as they have changed from 19th century romanticist culture, through 20th century modern-ism, and into the contemporary postmodern context. We identify major ways in which the individual participant in romantic scenarios may identify the self, gender variations in performance, the character of sequencing in the scenario, and the vocabulary of emotional expression as these have evolved over the past century. Such transformations allow enormous freedom of expression to the contemporary "romantic," but also result in simultaneous loss in both the sense of authenticity and security. (Social Psychology)
Narrative Construction in Treating Multiple Personality Disorder
Authors: Keen Ernest
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Multiple personality disorder (MPD) challenges clinical psychology to forego the assumption of a unified and essential self. This is part of a larger historical process of giving up verities of the modern period as we move into an as-yet-unshaped postmodern age. Three arguments are made about this challenge: (a) Multiplicity becomes intelligible within a theoretical framework of narrative psychology; (b) This intelligibility makes inescapable what has been suspected by post-modern thought for some time-that the self (unitary or multiple) is a social construction and not an essence; and (c) the processes of both diagnosing and treating MPD also are best understood as social constructions. (Clini-cal Psychology)
If a Self Is a Narrative: Social Constructionism in the Clinic
Authors: Greenberg Gary
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The articles in this special issue indicate that the self is best understood not as an empirical and transhistorical entity, but as a narrative, inextricable from its location in history and culture. This view has significant implications for psy-chotherapy. It suggests that therapy is a moral discourse, that its claim to authority is better understood as ideological than as scientific. But because it generally takes a reificationist stance on such matters as emotions, therapy is currently ill-equipped to take account of the self as a social construction and of itself as a moral practice. (Clinical Psychology)
Couples' Co-Construction of the Story of Their Child's Birth: Associations With Marital Adaptation
Authors: Oppenheim David , Wamboldt Frederick S. , Gavin Leslie A. , Renouf Andrew G. , Emde Robert N.
Published: August 2015

Abstract Recent research showing links between family narratives and emotional adaptation has raised questions regarding the significance of the coherence of marital narratives for couple adaptation, the important distinction between the narratives couples co-construct and the dyadic process during the co-construction, and the roles of individual psychological functioning and marital functioning in co-constructed narratives. In order to address these questions, we investigated the associations between couples' narratives about the birth of their child and their marital satisfaction and individual psychological wellbeing at the time the narrative was constructed as well as 1 and 2 years later. Results show that the emotional coherence of couples' narratives was associated with their marital satisfaction at the time the narrative was constructed as well as 1 and 2 years later, and similar results were found regarding the emotional expressiveness of the narratives. These associations remained significant when the individual psychological distress of marital partners was held constant and suggest that co-constructed marital narratives are important windows into marital relationships.(Psychology)
Stories As Academic Counseling Resources
Authors: He Agnes Weiyun
Published: August 2015

Abstract This article explores narrative activities in academic counseling encounters. It shows that academic counselors actively initiate, solicit, narrate, and collaborate on stories so as to display knowledge and expertise, assess and articulate students' counseling problems, and problematize otherwise nonproblematic situations. It suggests that narrative discourse is a resource for shaping knowledge, role identities, and problemsolving activities specific to the counseling setting. This article considers conversational stories as deeply situated within the interactional and institutional processes. By highlighting the narrative nature of both the counselor's and the student's talk and by documenting the counselor's narrative counseling strategies, it also extends existing research on conversational stories in interview settings, which focused on responses to interview questions. Illustrative data are drawn from video- and audiotaped, one-to-one academic counseling encounters that took place in an American university.(Linguistics)
Rewriting Our Lives: Stories of Meaning-Making in an Adult Learning Community
Authors: Cohen Judith Beth
Published: August 2015

Abstract The stories of three adult students who completed bachelor's degrees in an intensive learning community are examined. A controlling narrative learned from families and the culture had led them to interrupted educations and lives that failed to reflect their full capacities. With the guidance of faculty mentors and the collaboration of a peer community, they each reexamined, reinterpreted, and rewrote their failure narratives. Once they understood how they and their peers had accepted society's construction of their identities, these three were able to revise those self-constructions. Further contextualizing their experiences through the lenses of history, art, and literature enabled Helen, Ben, and Millie to make dramatic personal transformations. Helen, a single mother on welfare, rejected the hypothesis that an artist must be a genius or a man. Ben, a Vietnam-era veteran, let go of the macho warrior model and adopted a different way of contributing to the human community. Millie, an African American activist, found the common experience that connected her to both White workingclass women and Cambodian refugees.(Adult Learning, Learning Comunity, Narrative, Collaboration, Mentors, Peer Learning, Personal Transformation)
"The Recruited Identity": The Influence of the Intifada on the Perception of the Peace Process From the Standpoint of the Individual
Authors: Amir Sharon , Yitzhaki-Verner Tali , Bar-On Dan
Published: August 2015

Abstract As a rule, people have related to the external (political or security) difficulties impeding the peace process since the signing of the Oslo agreement. At the basis of this approach lies the assumption that when these difficulties are solved, the psychological difficulties of the individual that may delay the actualization of this most beautiful vision—a real peace between us and our Arab neighbors—will disappear by themselves. Therefore, there is no real need to relate to them at this stage. In this article, we try to undermine this basic assumption. By using narrative analysis of an interview with a student—an officer who spent most of his regular army service in suppression of the Intifada—we try to demonstrate the discourse through which the young Israeli confronts the question of his identity in connection to relations with the Palestinians. The officer (we call him Adi) was chosen because the interview with him exemplifies many of the issues that came up also in other interviews with young Israelis who were involved in the Intifada. The interview demonstrates both the positive qualities as well as the major problems that we found in the other interviews. Throughout the entire interview, we encounter Adi's attempts to maintain his interpretative system even when it no longer matches the reality within which he is acting.(Behavioral Sciences)
Japanese Preschool Children's and Adults' Narrative Discourse Competence and Narrative Structure
Authors: Minami Masahiko
Published: August 2015

Abstract This study presents empirical evidence o f Japanese preschool children's (a) narrative discourse competence and narrative structure and (b) rhetorical/expressive flexibility, compared to adults. With data on oral personal narratives told by Japanese preschoolers and adults, and with verse/stanza analysis (Gee, 1985; Hymes, 1981) and high point analysis based on the Labovian approach (Labov, 1972; Peterson & McCabe, 1983), it was discovered that children's and adults' narratives are similar in terms o f structure in that they both tend to have three verses per stanza, and that children and adults tend to tell about multiple experiences. By contrast, there are some clear differences in terms o f content and delivery. Whereas children tend to tell their stories in a sequential style, adults emphasize nonsequential information. Specifically, compared to children's narratives, adults' narratives place considerably more weight on feelings and emotions. The findings of this study strongly suggest that oral personal narratives told by Japanese preschoolers do not represent the final phase o f development. Rather, they still have a long way to go.(Narrative Development; Narrative Structure)
Reflections on an Orientalist: Alexander Kuhn (1840–88), the Man and his Legacy
Authors: Yastrebova Olga , Azad Arezou
Published: August 2015

Alexander Ludvigovich Kuhn (1840–88) was a Russian Orientalist of German-Armenian descent. The most important period of his activity was his service in Central Asia where on behalf of the Turkestan Governorate-General he collected manuscripts, archives and other materials, joining the military campaigns to Kītāb of ShahriSabz, Iskanderkul, Kokand and Khiva. A large number of the manuscripts were sent back to St. Petersburg to the Imperial Public Library, but some never left Kun's possession until they were donated to the Asiatic Museum after his death. Kun was also in charge of the compilation of the famous “Turkistan Albums”—a major collection of photos testifying to the different nationalities and customs that made up the populations of Central Asia. Until now, Kun's biography has been little known to us. The article takes a look into the personal archive of Kun, and describes the man and his motivations and desires.