bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Methodology for the KG Estimation of a Semisubmersible in Service
Authors: Porciuncula I. N. , de Tarso Themistocles Esperança P. , Castillo C. A. Rodrçguez
Published: October 2015

This work presents a new methodology for the estimation of the vertical center of gravity (KG) of an offshore semisubmersible oil production unit. There are a lot of stationary semisubmersible (SS) production units that have been working offshore for 20 years or more and some of these units have received a lot of lightweight modifications to comply production improvements, affecting its KG position. Most of them do not have all documentation available and the costs involved in bringing these units onshore to perform a conventional inclining test are so high that makes this option unviable. Some production semisubmersibles still need more equipment and structures to increase their oil production, i.e., deck load capacity that affects the KG which is a limited mandatory variable.

The methodology developed for finding the KG states that it is perfectly possible to identify a unique hydrodynamic behavior around the neutral stability, where the metacentric height (GMT) equals to zero. Under this condition, the KG gets the same value of the transverse metacenter height (KMT), which is a known parameter that only depends on the underwater hull geometry.

A 1:50 scale model of a semisubmersible was built in order to assess the influence of mooring lines and waves on the method's accuracy. The model tests, performed at LabOceano – Ocean Technology Tank of Coppe/UFRJ, revealed very low influence of waves and mooring lines in the methodology accuracy even in waves of different heights and directions. Numerical computations considering hydrostatic properties and hydrodynamic loads in regular seas indicated the same results observed in the model tests. A hydrostatic comparison between the conventional inclining test method and this new neutral stability method has presented very similar results.
Chain FEARS JIP: Finite Element Analysis of Residual Strength of Degraded Chains
Authors: Rosen J. , Farrow G. , Potts A. , Galtry C. , Swedosh W. , Washington D. , Tovar A.
Published: October 2015

A recently identified problem facing operators and designers in the integrity of mooring chain is the effect of highly localized Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) in tropical waters manifesting in large pits, as identified in the SCORCH JIP. These pits, if assessed against API-RP-2I, would necessitate immediate removal and replacement of the chain links. The conventional discard criteria in mooring codes were formulated based on uniform corrosion, and not highly localized material loss. The application of rigorous Finite Element techniques to determine the residual strength of these degraded links has not been recognised in existing codes of practice as an acceptable technique for assessing whether or not the chains can meet operational requirements. The Chain FEARS (Finite Element Analysis of Residual Strength) JIP aims to address this by developing guidance for the determination of discard criteria for mooring chains. This will assist in improving the reliability of prediction of the remaining life of degraded chain and better inform mooring replacement programs. This paper outlines the scope, objectives and an overview of the results of the first phase of the Chain FEARS JIP; investigating Finite Element methods for determining the strength loss of degraded mooring chains. This investigation has resolved issues including the effects of degradation on strength reduction and the challenges of establishing a robust methodology for assessing the remaining strength of degraded chains. The scope of the second phase of the Chain FEARS JIP, to develop tools for the prediction of the residual fatigue life of degraded chain, is also outlined. The findings of the Chain FEARS JIP are applicable to a wide variety of FPUs reliant on chain moorings and will enable the application of a more rational guidance for remaining chain life prediction and mooring line replacement.
Applying Big Data Analytics to Logistics Processes of Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Through a Hybrid Modeling and Simulation Approach
Authors: Sousa C. J. N. , Santos I. H. F. , Almeida V. T. , Almeida A. R. , Silva G. M. , Ciarlini A. E. , Prado A. , Senra R. D. A. , Gottin V. , Bhaya A. , Calmon T. , Ferreira L.
Published: October 2015

The exploration and production of oil and gas lead to many logistics challenges. In the case of the Brazilian offshore production, the operation size and the fact that the exploration occurs up to 300 km apart from the coast make these challenges even greater. There are many thousands of different types of materials, hundreds of suppliers, as well as hundreds of different destinations served by distinct routes. In short, this is a complex system, in which it is necessary to deal with an intrinsically combinatorial problem of sharing resources, such as warehouses, ports and means of transportation. Logistics processes need to deliver the materials in time, making sure that the production is not affected.

In addition, operational costs and immobilized capital must be minimized. It is crucial to evaluate distribution probabilities for lead-times, identify bottlenecks and predict the effect of adopting specific policies for supply, picking and transportation. In order to address these issues, it is necessary to answer complex what-if queries that take into account the temporal relations, either specified or dictated by the process dynamics, between the events.

Since all operations are logged, a substantial amount of historical data is generated. However, these data do not necessarily cover all situations, simply because certain feasible and relevant combinations of events may not have occurred during the period that data is logged. This motivates the use of simulations that generate huge amounts of data augmenting the (logged) historical data, and making big data analytics necessary. In this paper, we briefly describe the process of model building based on historical data as well as the construction of a simulation engine that permits efficient large scale simulations. The simulation results, together with the logged historical data are subjected to big data analytics in order to create global prediction models.

The proposed methodology aims to answer complex what-if queries about the logistics processes with a high degree of efficiency and prediction accuracy. The software tool, based on this methodology, is designed so that a decision maker can interactively detect critical situations and study the global effect of changes in policies. Some examples of queries that can be supported by this research are: (i) estimation of distribution probabilities for lead-times under varied circumstances; and (ii) probability of critical materials shortage during periods of high demand.
Regulatory Environment and Endogenous Technological Development in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry in Brazil
Authors: Mancini L.
Published: October 2015

Since its formal creation in 1953, Petrobras has operated in monopoly in the Oil and Gas (O&G) industry in Brazil. In 1997, the Congress approved the law 9478/1997 (Petroleum Law), which set a fundamental change in the legal framework and allowed other competitors to enter into the market. Since then, the government has also implemented a set of new regulations in the O&G sector to foster local content as well as investments in science, technology and innovation. Here we aim to understand how the regulatory environment affects technological development in the upstream O&G industry.

Our methodology consists of two pillars. First, we provide a critical review of the literature about the broad relation between natural resources and economic development. We find that technological development is a key driver of productive linkages from the primary sector and we suggest that the regulatory environment plays a major role. Second, we adopt both quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze three specific mechanisms of the regulatory framework for the case of Brazil.

Our results are two-fold. On one hand, the regulatory environment has prompted significant investments in science, technology and innovation in the O&G industry; also, it has promoted the establishment of new partnerships between the oil industry and the Science and Technology Institutions (STIs). On the other hand, some regulations as well as recent modifications have hampered investments in science and technology, especially due to a low involvement of the suppliers. An important conclusion is that, for the case of Brazil, the R&D center Petrobras has played a leading role in fostering technological development. Though, the regulatory environment needs to be revised to involve more actors in this process; more coherent and coordinated policies are needed to promote both local content and innovation at the same time.

This paper differs from previous literature in two key aspects. First, whereas other scholars tend to study the macroeconomic and governance-related issues of natural resources, here we analyze their productive implications. Second, our work combines both quantitative and qualitative research methods; both questionnaires and semi-structured interviews have allowed us to collect primary data at micro-level.
Logistics Planning for Critical Cargos Related to Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Processes in Pre-Salt Basin Fields
Authors: Silva V. A. , Liang D. A. , Yuba D. G. T. , Rossetto R. , Kovalski S.
Published: October 2015

This work presents a logistics planning study dedicated to provide decision support for an especial offshore operation: hydrogen sulfide removal from gas flow at top side facilities. The logistics role in this process is the transportation of critical cargos employed at removal of sulfides. The main issue is a time constraint that maritime units, provided with such removal system, require in order to avoid possible interruptions at the operations, what could cause some loss of production. Therefore, in this work we describe a methodology involving a study of supply vessel's deck capacity and discrete-event simulation to anticipate the behavior of the real-world system, allowing the decision maker to establish a plan to efficiently cope with transport of cargo related to sulfides removal. From logistics point of view, we derive two main results: a quantification of impact on fleet of vessels and port berths. Besides, we tested two different maritime transport policies for cargo delivery to installations and as well as for collect from them. Risks, advantages and disadvantages are addressed either.
Finding the Breakeven Point of Diamond Impregnated Bit Wear in Turbodrill Applications
Authors: Fierro M. , Atencio N. , Solano R. , Varela R. , Iturrizaga F. , Toribio L. , Tufano A. , Guzman F.
Published: October 2015

Drilling with a turbodrill system and diamond impregnated bits requires the optimization of the components usage to achieve profitability. One of the main concerns is how to identify the bit wear out point while drilling trough high UCS rocks? A cutting sizing analysis has proven to determine the breakeven point of diamond impregnated bit wear while drilling in harsh environments.
Advanced Microstructural Characterization of a X-70 Microalloyed Steel for the Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Berlanga I. , Bruna R. , Perez T. , Garcia I.
Published: October 2015

Continuous energy developments around the world provide both an opportunity and challenge to develop linepipe microalloyed steels with superior properties and performance for the oil and gas industry. To fulfill these requirements a fundamental understanding of the composition-processing-microstructure-property relationship is needed. The objective of the present work was to define the optimal microstructure to achieve the required strength-toughness properties.

Different thermodynamic software packages and mean flow stress (MFS) models were used to study the effect of the composition and thermomechanical processing (TMP) conditions on the final microstructure.

The validation stages were performed by laboratory studies and industrial scale trials. Impact tests were used to evaluate the toughness. Advanced characterization techniques; electron optics (SEM, HRTEM) and Electron-Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) microstructural analysis were carried out to quantify the microstructure, texture, precipitation and the evaluation of crack propagation paths.

The X-70 microalloyed steel exhibited an excellent package of strength-toughness properties. These properties were obtained by a combination of fine bainitic ferrite, fine precipitations and small volume fraction of fine MA islands. The fine bainitic ferrite was the result of the microstructural conditioning of the austenite prior to the transformation and cooling conditions. It provided excellent resistance to crack propagation.
Gas-to-Liquid Technology Off-shore
Authors: Claridge Tais Bjerg
Published: October 2015

Topsoe has recently been awarded a 15,500 barrels per day gasoline plant in Turkmenistan. Here the gasoline is produced from natural gas via methanol. By commercialization of this gas-to-liquid technology on-shore, we have established the foundation for taking the technology off-shore with all its considerations to marinization, space limitations and choice of technology solutions that are acceptable not only from an operational point of view but also from a safety point of view.

The possibility to produce a liquid fuel from the associated gas is highly desirable in many locations, especially if it can utilize the already established logistic set-up. Considering the increasing effort to reduce or even limit by legislation the allowable flaring rate, it is highly desirable to convert the associated gas to a liquid. By producing a liquid fuel from the associated gas, the flaring no longer becomes the limitations to the crude oil production rate. Furthermore, in other locations, the need for gasoline produced directly on the vessel can be an attractive solution if local demand for gasoline is provided by import of gasoline.

This paper will describe the considerations behind the selected technology steps for the Topsoe TIGAS solution, the merits of its application and present a case study for TIGAS applied off-shore.
The Importance of Extra-Deep Azimuthal Resistivity in Reservoir Development: An Update on Recent Field Experiences
Authors: Tilsley-Baker R. , Hartmann A. , Sviridov M. , Sanabria O. , Skillings J. , Kjølleberg M. , Barbosa J. E. , Loures L. , Pearson P. Swalf , Morani B.
Published: October 2015

Extra-deep reading azimuthal resistivity tools have been deployed in various reservoir settings around the world in recent years in an effort to further improve efficiencies in reservoir development. For many years field development relied on standard and azimuthal propagation resistivity tools with depths of investigation up to approximately 5m, contributing to optimized and pro-active geosteering. While effective at geosteering against adjacent boundaries to maintain position in oil bearing formation, more complex reservoir architectures require data sensing further into the formation to allow a closer correlation with seismic models and provide more complete reservoir mapping.

The first extra-deep propagation resistivity tools were developed by employing lower frequency waves, increasing antenna spacing and eventually adding lower frequency azimuthal signals. The new designs greatly increased the depth of detection and also added directional components. However, due to the greater volume of formation being investigated, the deeper readings bring extra complexity and uncertainty to the interpretation process so that innovative inversion software is required to support the tools and produce results that can be used in real-time.

The inversion method described in this paper for the interpretation of extra-deep azimuthal resistivities employs a-priori constraints and is user-controlled in order to accurately monitor laterally and vertically changing geology. The examples shown here will demonstrate how inversion results based on a full suite of resistivity measurements have brought benefits to reservoir understanding by deriving sandstone thickness, detecting multiple bed boundaries, locating remote sandstones and remote resistivity plus the relative dip between the tool and the formation. The integration of this data results in better constrained reservoir models and an improved field development strategy.

This paper will present the results of wells drilled using extra-deep azimuthal resistivity tools on the Peregrino Field in Brazil. The reservoir comprises complex high energy gravity flows consisting of reservoir units difficult to map due to being below seismic resolution. The sandstones have limited lateral extent and thicknesses ranging from 2m to 25m. Originally developed to improve net sandstone drilled in the Peregrino heavy oil reservoir by allowing a more strategic approach to geosteering, the tool deployment has brought additional benefits in reservoir understanding which impact seismic model interpretation, future well planning, completion strategies and reduce the need of pilot holes.
Pipe-in-Pipe Riser Solution for FPSO’s Offshore Brazil
Authors: de B. Daly J. R. , Saraiva T. C. , Bhat S. U. , Dong J. , Mansour A. M.
Published: October 2015

As part of an early ultradeep water field development study for offshore Brazil, the extreme dynamic responses of various compliant steel riser configurations; Steel Catenary Riser (SCR), Shaped-SCR (SSCR) and Steel Lazy Wave Riser (SLWR), are investigated in combination with Floating Production Storage and Offloading units (FPSOs) and Semisubmerible Floating Production Units (SEMI FPUs). As part of this investigation, the feasiblity of Pipe-in-Pipe (PIP) SCR design when hosted on FPSO offshore Brazil is explored which, if successful, enables a simpler and more cost effective configuration with improved flow assurance capabilities.

Several FPSOs and Semis are designed and vessel motion screening results used to identify potentially feasible riser porch hang-off locations along the side of the different hull types and sizes under consideration. A relationship between pipe terminal velocity and riser’s Maximum Allowable vertical Velocity (MAV) at the riser porch is developed to predict an acceptable limit against overstressing at the Touch Down Point (TDP) for a range of pipe sizes and configurations, under extreme wave loading conditions. Both near and far cases are analysed.

Preliminary wave fatigue loading analyses are then performed for the most promising configurations. A Rainflow cycle counting method is used to compute the fatigue damage.

Riser behaviour is highly influenced by the insulation applied. For FPSOs, it is found that uninsulated heavy walled SCRs are feasible with respect to strength for some porch locations, whereas insulated SCRs are not feasible. PIP SCRs are found to exhibit superior strength behaviour, mitigating the normally limiting compression buckling phenomena in the TDP, enabling this concept in deepwater. Fatigue life assessment on the other hand, shows the PIP SCR will not work without further development of specific fatigue life enhancement solutions. As an option, a considerably reduced amount of buoyancy can potentially make the PIP riser work, in a so called Shaped SCR (SSCR) configuration.

Other technical qualification gaps to meet PIP SCR strength and fatigue requirements are identified and discussed.
A Model for the Valuation of an Inspection Program in Offshore Oil Production Facility
Authors: Lima Gabriel A. Costa , Teodoro Filho Alberto M.
Published: October 2015

In the operation of offshore O&G there is a large number of equipment that must work continuously to keep production and safety. Part of this success depends on different type of inspection activities in active and redundant equipment. However, there are some conflicting objectives: the more one inspect equipment, the higher the reliability of the system. At the same time, cost can be increased and availability reduced in case assets have to stop. In addition, more sophisticated inspection systems have a cost and, also may demand maintenance in the instrumentation.

The present work proposes a model to evaluate this problem. The methodology is: (1) Probabilistic model of time-to-failure of assets, (2) Probabilistic model of maintenance time, (3) Probability model of the detection of failure by inspection, (4) Reliability and Availability model of the system, (5)Inflation in cost of part, labor, etc., (6) Discounted cash flow model. We use Monte Carlo simulation in order to solve this problem in a simple spreadsheet in order to demonstrate professionals that many problems can be scientifically analyzed using more simple tools.

In real world applications, the main problem consists in the estimation of the value of an inspection system to a company. We apply the model of this paper to the analysis of this problem and find the following conclusions: If probability of detection of the inspection system is 90%, the maximum investment is US$ 12.2 million; if this probability of detection is 70%, the maximum investment is US$ 9.65 million. In addition, the work will show how to use the model to solve related problems as well.
Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Approach for Permeability Estimation in Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Trevizan W. , Coutinho B. , Netto P. , Rios E. , Ramos P. , Salazar J. , Bressan M.
Published: October 2015

Complex pore structure in carbonate rocks causes the petrophysical characterization and formation evaluation a challenge. Permeability is one of the main evaluation parameters for determining the potential production of a reservoir because it defines the ability of fluids to flow through rocks. It is not possible to directly measure permeability using a wireline tool; one method to obtain it, however, is from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) logs using various models such as Timur-Coates, T2LM (Kenyon) and P-connectivity which are adjusted using laboratory core analysis.

Interpretation methods were developed to obtain permeability of the formation from NMR readings. These models relate permeability with other petrophysical properties such as porosity that can be directly estimated using well log information. The NMR models include parameters such as c, m, n and T2,cutoff, that must be calibrated with NMR laboratory analyses because they vary for each formation. In some cases, NMR models must be modified to estimate rock permeability more accurately.

This paper presents a workflow to modify the NMR models to determine permeability in carbonate rocks. The correlation between conventional laboratory core analysis and NMR permeability from Timur-Coates and Kenyon models is improved using an adjustment factor applicable for each equation. The adjustment factor can be correlated with petrophysical properties of the rocks such as NMR porosity, the irreducible fluid volume (BVI) and the moveable fluid volume (BVM). The results of calculating NMR permeability in carbonate rocks applying the modified equations to laboratory data and NMR log is also presented. Permeability from formation tests is used to correlate with NMR permeability using log data.
The (in)visibility of the gods in the Greco-Roman world and of God in Hellenistic Judaism: A comparison
Authors: Van der Merwe Dirk
Published: October 2015

The attribute of (in)visibility of a reckoned divine being is one that is not discussed often; it is one of the more obscure attributes of deities and not an easy subject to embark upon. Not much data is available on this subject, and the available information often seems contradictory. This article investigates briefly the references concerning the (in)visibility of the gods in the GrecoRoman world as well as the (in)visibility of God in Hellenistic Judaism. In order to gain more clarity, the investigation examines what the ‘seeing’ of the god(s) comprises in the mythology of Homer, the philosophers, the mystery religions and Hellenistic Gnosticism. In Hellenistic Judaism the focus will be on Philo as the ideal exponent.
Paternal Transmission of Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosome 15 Identified in Prenatal Diagnosis Due to Advanced Maternal Age
Authors: Melo Bruna C. S. , Portocarrero Ana , Alves Cláudia , Sampaio André , Mota-Vieira Luisa
Published: October 2015

The detection of supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) in prenatal diagnosis is always a challenge. In this study, we report a paternally inherited case of a small SMC(15) that was identified in prenatal diagnosis due to advanced maternal age. A 39-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation. A fetal abnormal karyotype − 47,XX,+mar − with one sSMC was detected in all metaphases. Since this sSMC was critical in the parental decision to continue or interrupt this pregnancy, we proceeded to study the fetus and their parents. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses revealed a fetal karyotype 47,XX,+mar pat.ish idic(15)(ql2)(D15Zl++,SNRPN−-), in which the sSMC(15) was a paternally inherited inverted duplicated chromosome and did not contain the critical region of Prader–Willi/Angelman syndromes. Moreover, fetal uniparental disomy was excluded. Based on this information and normal obstetric ultrasounds, the parents decided to proceed with the pregnancy and a phenotypically normal girl was born at 39 weeks of gestation. In conclusion, the clinical effects of sSMCs need to be investigated, especially when sSMCs are encountered at prenatal diagnosis. Here, although the paternal sSMC(15) was not associated with an abnormal phenotype, its characterization allows more accurate genetic counseling for the family progeny.
Valoración de la dosis de diálisis mediante dialisancia iónica
Authors: Caballero Barba Rosa , Carrasco Andrés Sergio , García Collazos Raquel , Hidalgo Moreno Nuria , Moreno Fernández Lourdes , Sánchez Rosario Laura , Reque Santivañez Javier , Diago Reolid Alba
Published: October 2015

Uno de los principales determinantes de la supervivencia de los pacientes en hemodiálisis es la dosis de la misma, las fórmulas comúnmente utilizadas son aquellas basadas en el modelo cinético de la urea. Sin embargo, debido a la necesidad de al menos dos muestras sanguíneas, su aplicabilidad a todas las sesiones de diálisis es bastante escasa. Actualmente casi todos los monitores de diálisis están provistos de sensores de dialisancia iónica, lo que nos permite obtener de forma indirecta y en tiempo real, información acerca del aclaramiento de urea en todas las sesiones de diálisis y sin necesidad de obtener muestras sanguíneas. Con el objetivo de evaluar la correlación que existe entre la dosis de diálisis medida por dialisancia iónica y aquella medida por cinética de Urea mediante la ecuación de KT/V monocompartimental de segunda generación según Daugirdas, diseñamos un estudio transversal que incluye 28 pacientes prevalentes de nuestra unidad de diálisis, obtuvimos datos de dosis de diálisis (aclaramiento, KT, KT/V) por dialisancia iónica y el KT/V según fórmula de Daugirdas de segunda generación. La media de KT/V por dialisancia iónica fue de 1.79 ± 0.29 del KT/V según Daugirdas de 1.95 ± 0.35. En el análisis estadístico encontramos una importante correlación entre ambos métodos (R2 = 0.86 p< 0.001). Con los resultados de este estudio concluimos que la dialisancia iónica es una técnica útil para valorar la dosis de diálisis en nuestros pacientes y su uso debería generalizarse en las distintas unidades de diálisis.
Uso de la ecografía como apoyo de la técnica de redireccionamiento de la aguja en el dolor de la fistula arteriovenosa durante la hemodiálisis
Authors: López González Antonio , Fernández Rivera Constantino , Díaz Rodríguez Lorena , Ornosa Agra Mª del Carmen
Published: October 2015

Es indudable que el acceso vascular no sólo es uno de los elementos clave para poder llevar a cabo el tratamiento sustitutivo renal con hemodiálisis sino que representa una de las principales causas de morbilidad, hospitalización y coste en los enfermos tratados con esta técnica. La fístula arteriovenosa sigue siendo el acceso vascular de elección. El hecho de que el paciente acuda al menos tres veces por semana para el tratamiento, convierte a la técnica de punción de la fístula en uno de los factores más relevantes que influyen en su supervivencia y, por tanto, en la calidad de vida del paciente1,2. Los problemas relacionados con la técnica incluyen un gran abanico de contratiempos (canalización dificultosa, presiones venosas elevadas, elevada recirculación, bajo flujo, presencia y aspiración de coágulos, hemostasia prolongada, etc.) siendo el dolor un evento muy prevalente3. A pesar de que son muchos los estudios de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud que analizan el dolor del paciente en hemodiálisis, en pocas ocasiones se hace referencia al acceso vascular como variable independiente y, los que lo hacen, únicamente hacen referencia al dolor crónico o al momento de la punción4. Sin embargo, uno de los eventos que mayor ansiedad y disconfort genera al paciente es el dolor producido durante la sesión relacionado con la posición de las agujas de punción. Por tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es presentar un caso donde se describe el uso de los ultrasonidos para el manejo del dolor de la fistula arteriovenosa
Implantación de la técnica del “ojal” o “buttonhole” en una unidad de hemodiálisis hospitalaria: satisfacción del paciente
Authors: Baena Ruiz Laura , Martín González Beatriz , Marcos Ayuso Alicia
Published: October 2015

Por los profesionales del campo de la Nefrología y la Diálisis es conocida la vital importancia de contar con un acceso vascular óptimo desde que en 1945 se realizase el primer tratamiento renal sustitutivo con hemodiálisis. Esto es debido a que la calidad del acceso vascular (AV) condiciona la eficiencia y efectividad de dicha técnica, así como la morbilidad y calidad de vida de los pacientes sometidos a esta terapia1. Para que un AV sea considerado óptimo debe reunir varias características: permitir el abordaje seguro y continuado al sistema vascular, proporcionar flujos suficientes que permitan suministrar la dosis de diálisis requerida y carecer de complicaciones. Sin embargo, a pesar de que, en la actualidad, este tipo de AV no existe, el que más se acerca a estos requisitos es la fístula arteriovenosa interna (FAVI)1. Por ello, se considera el acceso vascular de elección en los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal que requieren hemodiálisis. La evidencia científica coincide en la importancia de los cuidados enfermeros efectivos de la FAVI y de una técnica de punción adecuada para conseguir el correcto desarrollo y permeabilidad, prolongar su supervivencia y minimizar las complicaciones relacionadas con la disfunción (estenosis, aneurismas, trombosis, infección...). El correcto uso y mantenimiento de este acceso vascular (AV) va a ser la piedra angular relacionada con el aspecto técnico de la hemodiálisis en el que la enfermería puede incidir. Se ha comprobado que la técnica de punción de la FAVI es motivo de ansiedad y disconfort para el paciente y, secundariamente para el personal del enfermería2. Además de influir en la supervivencia de la FAVI, dado que las punciones repetidas acaban alterando la morfología y características del vaso sanguíneo3, como ya enunció Kronung en 1984 con su análisis de las consecuencias de las múltiples punciones, y la mejor técnica para evitar su daño4, debido a la elongación de la pared frontal del vaso provocada por el desplazamiento del tejido y al posterior llenado con un trombo del hueco generado tras la retirada de la aguja.
The Effect of Allicin on Innate Immune Genes of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L)
Authors: Fall Jean , Tanekhy Mahmoud
Published: October 2015

Garlic is known to possess a vast variety of biological functions. It was reported to be ana a antimicrobial, antithrombotic, anticacer, antioxidant and could improve the immune-system as well as had the capacity to lower serum lipid and glucose levels. The impact of allicin on signaling pathways still needs to be investigated and reports about its effect on cytokine production are inconsistent. In the present study, we investigated the inﬂuence of allicin on several carp genes and checked the immediate response of these genes. Direct p-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines as IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, TLR3, and INF-α, INFγ1 was observed after stimulation of carp head kidney (HK) cells with allicin extract. These results strongly indicate that allicin is responsible for the anti-inﬂammatory effects. Further, the results suggest that there are potential therapeutic effects of allicin on chronic inﬂammatory diseases. These effects need more investigations in aquaculture industries.
The Need for Water Reuse Guidelines for Designing and Operating Membrane Facilities
Authors: Movahed Zohreh Y. , Movahed Ben B.
Published: October 2015

In a world in which every drop of water counts, membrane technology is emerging as a major innovation in water treatment and reuse. A lack of uniform standards affects the industry's ability to develop an effective water management portfolio, and the need for clear guidelines has never been greater.
Drive for Resilience Requires Greater Engagement
Authors: Wallis‐Lage Cindy
Published: October 2015

The findings of a recent survey of water utility professionals revealed their most pressing concerns and their approaches to addressing them; the report also made recommendations for meeting the water industry's top challenges and securing a strategy of resilience.
IGOV: um sistema de integração de dados governamentais
Authors: Santos João Paulo Clarindo dos , Silva Fábio José Coutinho da
Published: October 2015

Nos últimos anos, as instituições públicas de boa parte dos governos democráticos têm se empenhado em oferecer mecanismos que favoreçam a política de dados governamentais abertos. No caso do Brasil, instrumentos como a Lei de Acesso à Informação e os portais da Transparência e de Dados Abertos representam algumas iniciativas que trilham esse caminho. Todavia, o fato de apenas liberar o acesso a dados governamentais não é suficiente para que os mesmos possam ser explorados com todo potencial sob o ponto de vista da pesquisa. Precisam-se desenvolver soluções que promovam a integração de dados vindos de diferentes fontes em níveis de heterogeneidade distintos (formato, acesso, etc.). Este trabalho discute uma solução para o processo de integração de dados oriundos da saúde pública brasileira e do programa de transferência de renda Bolsa Família.
Além do modelo 3C em plataformas de colaboração: o caso da montadora local motors
Authors: Correia-Neto Jorge da Silva , Dornelas Jairo Simião , Santos Ronnie Edson de Souza , Magalhães Cleyton Vanut Cordeiro de , Vilar Guilherme
Published: October 2015

Além do modelo 3C em plataformas de colaboração: o caso da montadora Local Motors Enquanto da web surgiu a sociedade da informação, da web 2.0, com suas aplicações online, plataformas e mídias, vem surgindo a sociedade da colaboração, que tem como diferenciais interatividade e participação. Na década de 1990, o modelo 3C conceituou colaboração como sendo formada pelas dimensões comunicação, coordenação e cooperação. Entretanto, ao se utilizar esse modelo para guiar o desenvolvimento de plataformas colaborativas atuais, tão sociais e interativas, surgiu o seguinte questionamento: ao se analisar o intuito das funcionalidades disponibilizadas pelas plataformas colaborativas atuais é possível visualizar algo além do modelo 3C? Neste novo contexto sócio-histórico, a interatividade informática criou uma nova modalidade comunicacional onde a mensagem é modificável, na medida em que responde às solicitações daquele que a consulta, explora e manipula; o emissor constrói uma rede (e não um caminho único) de territórios a explorar; e o receptor manipula a mensagem como coautor, verdadeiro conceptor, reforçando o sentido de participação, intervenção, bidirecionalidade e multiplicidade de conexões. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa teve uma abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório-descritivo, a partir da análise das ferramentas disponíveis na plataforma de co-criação da Local Motors, que foi o caso estudado. Utilizando um método semelhante ao Delphi, a intenção de cada funcionalidade foi analisada por seis especialistas, num processo de seleção e classificação que ocorreu em quatro etapas: com um perfil público na plataforma foram identificadas as funcionalidades disponíveis; depois, de forma independente, houve a classificação das funcionalidades extraídas; em seguida, onde houve divergência foram buscados consensos; e, por fim, a lista final foi construída. Com a ajuda de casos de uso foram identificadas 11 funcionalidades. Como funcionalidades com a intenção de Coordenação foram identificadas as funcionalidades visualizar, criar e seguir. Com a intenção de Cooperação a funcionalidade denunciar. Com a intenção de Comunicação as funcionalidades votar e adicionar tópicos de discussão. Com a intenção de aumentar a Interatividade as funcionalidades de comentar, responder, compartilhar nas redes sociais, contribuir e participar de um desafio. Pôde-se concluir que, no presente caso, ao se analisar o intuito das funcionalidades disponibilizadas pelas plataformas colaborativas atuais é possível visualizar algo além do modelo 3C, a interatividade. No contexto do estudo de caso analisado, não parece ser possível descrever as ações realizadas dentro de ambientes colaborativos no contexto da web 2.0 sem este importante elemento.
Adoção de medidas de segurança da informação: um modelo de análise para institutos de pesquisa públicos
Authors: Albuquerque Junior Antonio Eduardo de , Santos Ernani Marques dos
Published: October 2015

A informação é considerada um ativo crítico para muitas organizações, como institutos de pesquisa, e mais ainda da esfera pública. Essas organizações tem a informação como matéria prima e como um dos seus produtos, e de acordo com parte da literatura que trata do tema, medidas de Segurança da Informação são adotadas nessas organizações seguindo orientações da estrutura de Governança da Segurança da Informação, visando proteger a informação e garantir a continuidade de suas atividades. Essas organizações também atuam sob forte regulação por parte do Governo e de outros órgãos que fiscalizam sua atuação como organizações públicas e também suas atividades de pesquisa. Diante disso, as decisões sobre a adoção de medidas de Segurança da Informação podem ser tomadas não para seguir orientações da estrutura de Governança da Segurança da Informação, mas como uma resposta a forças do ambiente externo no qual essas organizações estão inseridas. Este artigo tem como objetivo propor um modelo de análise que permita investigar os fatores que levam à adoção de medidas de Segurança da Informação em institutos de pesquisa públicos, tendo uma dimensão Organizacional, cujos indicadores baseiam-se principalmente na Governança da Segurança da Informação, e uma dimensão Institucional, cujos indicadores baseiam-se na Teoria Institucional.
Análises baseadas em web analytics: os quatro níveis de informação
Authors: Lucian Rafael
Published: October 2015

Mensurar a attitude dos usuários é importante apra empresas que anunciam ou mantém comércios virtuais em plataformas web, para tanto existem alguns pacotes já disponíveis no Mercado. A ferramenta web analytics ou medidor web é como se chama o programa que reúne diversas informações de navegação dos usuários de um determinado site e as apresenta na forma de relatório. Essa ferramenta é particularmente popular pela apresentação simples dos dados através da aplicação de diversos filtros e indexadores. Para os profissionais de mídias sociais, os medidores web representam uma das formas de se extrair conclusões acerca do perfil dos usuários e seu comportamento, que é a representação não verbal da atitude do sujeito. Este artigo trata sobre as possibilidades de análises das ferramentas de medidores web e propõem um esquema conceitual que delimita as possibilidades de análise de acordo com o objetivo declarado de cada pesquisa, quais sejam do nível 1 (audiência), nível 2 (repercussão), nível 3 (adoração) ou nível 4 (retorno sobre investimento). Conclui-se ao final deste ensaio teórico que os níveis de profundidade são essencialmente diferentes e atendem a necessidades específicas. Desta forma tal trabalho contribui na construção de sistemas data mining através da especificação dos parâmetros de cada variável.
Scaling spatial big data in a location-based social network
Authors: Oliveira Maxwell Guimarães de , Falcão Ana Gabrielle Ramos , Baptista Cláudio de Souza , Figueiredo Hugo Feitosa de , Leite Daniel Farias Batista
Published: October 2015

The widespread of the World Wide Web has resulted in a high volume of volunteered generated information using different formats including text, photography and video. The technological advances of recent years enabled the emergence and the popularization of various mobile devices equipped with GPS and connectivity to the Internet. This scenario contributed to the advent of several location-based applications and aroused the interest of many users in the geographical context of the information. An example of such applications are the Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN), in which the users interact with information classified by geographic region, as in the context of Smart Cities, in which citizens can interact pinning their criticisms, opinions and comments on various topics related to their city or neighborhood. The LBSNs have increasingly attracted the interest of the population and have consequently registered an increase in both the number of users interacting and the volume of shared information. This popularity brings up concerns about scalability, since it is essential to provide an environment that maintains the users active and motivated for contributing. Thus, the LBSNs must ensure acceptable response times, especially in spatial queries performed by their users, otherwise such applications may collapse due to the abandonment of their faithful users. Among several proposals of LBSNs in the community, it is still difficult to find out approaches concerned in scalability. In this context, this paper proposes an approach based on Big Data technologies to provide scalability in LBSNs and thus handle large volumes of spatial data. Our approach exploits NoSQL databases, the Map/Reduce technique and the development of extensions for indexing and querying Spatial Big Data.
Adequação do processo de desenvolvimento de Data Warehouse para empresa varejista que utiliza software Cots
Authors: Batista Cleisson Fabricio Leite , Godoy Neto Mario , Souza Ellen Polliana Ramos
Published: October 2015

A demanda por informação é cada vez mais frequente em pequenas, médias e grandes empresas, que precisam tomar decisões de forma rápida para manterem-se competitivas. Visando atender não somente a demanda de mercado, mas suprir a carência de muitas organizações no que diz respeito à transformação de dados em informação, surgiram as soluções de Business Intelligence (BI) baseadas em dados, tais como Data Warehouse (DW) e Data Mart (DM). O desenvolvimento destas soluções de BI, entretanto, está ainda muito longe da realidade da maioria das empresas brasileiras, em especial daquelas de médio e pequeno porte que, em geral, utilizam software de prateleira ou Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS). Os processos de construção de DW/DM são direcionados para software desenvolvidos sob encomenda, que contam com a participação efetiva dos analistas dos sistemas transacionais, projetistas e administradores de Banco de Dados, não contemplando as especificidades do processo de desenvolvimento de um DW/DM para Pequenas e Médias Empresas (PME) que fazem uso de software COTS. Neste sentido, este artigo relata as oportunidades e desafios enfrentados em um estudo de caso onde foi realizada a construção de Data Warehouse, para uma empresa varejista de médio porte que utiliza COTS na operacionalização dos seus processos de negócio.
Análise de redes sociais pode aproximar governo e cidadão?
Authors: Agra Ronaldo , Fonseca Fernanda , Hjort Rodrigo , Malheiros Viviane
Published: October 2015

O compartilhamento de ideias, opiniões e experiências dos usuários é cada vez mais frequente em redes sociais on-line. Esse comportamento pode transformar tais ambientes em fontes de informações valiosas, pois neles a produção de conteúdo é descentralizada e, via de regra, não há censura. A análise de redes sociais refere-se ao processo de coletar, medir, analisar e interpretar resultados de associações e interações entre usuários e tópicos dentro de redes sociais, de forma a identificar opiniões, avaliar o que está sendo discutido, descobrir o sentimento de um usuário sobre um tema, apontar tendências e, inclusive, prever situações que poderão ocorrer. Cada vez mais as empresas privadas utilizam técnicas e ferramentas de análise de redes sociais para entender e acompanhar o comportamento de seus clientes. Em paralelo, exemplos de análises de redes sociais on-line aplicadas ao tema governo começam a surgir. Este artigo exemplifica como a análise de redes sociais pode ser um instrumento importante para aproximar governo e cidadãos, permitindo identificar opiniões de grupos de cidadãos sobre assuntos governamentais ou organização de eventos de interesse da sociedade, por exemplo. Para isto, é apresentado um estudo de caso em que foram geradas visualizações a partir de dados extraídos das redes sociais Twitter e Facebook durante a Copa do Mundo da Fifa Brasil 2014. O artigo expõe os resultados e insights obtidos do estudo de caso e o aprendizado alcançado com esta experimentação, incluindo os passos realizados e as dificuldades encontradas. O objetivo principal do trabalho foi demonstrar o potencial de análise de redes sociais na compreensão de opinião pública sobre um assunto de interesse do Estado, contribuindo assim para a aproximação de governo e cidadão.
Aplicando algoritmos de mineração não supervisionados para inferir o perfil de pacientes internados
Authors: Arcenio Luiz Fernando Stopa
Published: October 2015

A melhoria da qualidade das informações e da tomada de decisão incentiva a exploração de novas perspectivas sobre as informações hospitalares. Neste contexto não é suficiente apenas ter um BI, é necessário conhecer a realidade e desta forma se preparar para o futuro. A união das ferramentas de BI com as de mineração de dados possibilitam esta melhoria. A ferramenta de data mining Weka foi utilizada para determinar o perfil dos pacientes internados em 2013 no Hospital Universitário da UFGD/EBSERH para desta forma identificar os maiores grupos de pacientes do hospital, conseguindo assim melhorar as práticas administrativas e assistenciais no atendimento a estes pacientes, tendo estes grupos como prioridade.
Femmes et mouvement populaire d’habitation au Brésil : vers une féminisation des luttes pour le droit au logement ?
Authors: Levy Charmain , Carle-Marsan Marianne , Latendresse Anne
Published: October 2015

Au Brésil, depuis la fin des années 1990, des actions collectives ont lieu autour du droit à la ville, en particulier pour le droit au logement. Alors qu’il existe des centaines, voire des milliers de bâtiments vacants dans le centre-ville de Rio de Janeiro et São Paulo, notamment, des organisations populaires occupent des bâtiments publics vides en vue d’obtenir le droit d’y résider et, éventuellement, de les transformer en logement public. Deux études ont mis en lumière la présence majoritaire de femmes qui, issues du milieu des sans-abri, des taudis et desfavelas, jouent un rôle important dans les occupations. Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse de la trajectoire de ces femmes afin de voir comment leur engagement à l’intérieur du mouvement urbain a changé leur vie sur les plans individuel et collectif. En d’autres termes, nous allons nous pencher sur le processus de construction du sujet politique opéré par des femmes de milieux précaires, actives au sein du mouvement pour le droit au logement. Par ailleurs, en nous penchant sur leur rôle au sein de ce mouvement, nous tenterons de voir dans quelle mesure ces femmes l’influencent et, en nous inspirant des travaux de Lefebvre et de Castells (1980), dans quelle mesure elles contribuent à la production de la ville.