bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cooperation Agreement Between Lisawati Tax Consultants And The Anggoro Kasih Pamekasan Foundation In Connection With Book Iii of The Data Code
Authors: Lisawati  , Mohammad Roesli  , Bastianto Nugroho
Published: March 2024

The purpose of knowing the procedure for implementing a work agreement between the Lisawati Tax Consultant and the Anggoro Kasih Pamekasan Foundation in relation to Book III of the Civil Code.This research uses the method The type of research in this study is normative juridical law research, namely research based on literature studies which includes primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Hasil Legal consequences if one party does not carry out its obligations can occur due to 2 (two) things, namely due to default and overmacht. default carried out by the Lisawati Tax Consultant if since the signing of the deed of agreement the Lisawati Tax Consultant has not issued an SPK, then for this negligence the Lisawati Tax Consultant may be subject to sanctions in the form of reimbursement for losses for planning work implementation, while the default is carried out by the Anggoro Kasih Pamekasan Foundation if after the issuance of the SPK, the Anggoro Kasih Pamekasan Foundation is late / does not carry out achievements, then for the delay the Anggoro Kasih Pamekasan Foundation is only obliged to pay a number of items that have been made by the Lisawati Tax Consultant only and as a penalty the agreement is considered null and void and cannot be continued for any reason, the legal consequences of overmacht if it is only temporary, the debtor can request a delay in fulfilling the achievement and if it is absolute/permanent, then the agreement is automatically canceled.
Study of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice among Parents of Young Children in Public and Private Schools in Rural Nepal
Authors: Ratala Dinesh Prasad Joshi , Rai Sharad Chandra , Joshi Pratisha , Shrestha Aanchal , Sarki Mahesh
Published: March 2024

This study examines the Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) among parents of young school children in Eastern Nepal, with a specific focus on the impact of school type and gender. A survey conducted among 139 parents of grade 4 to 6 students in Halesi Tuwachung Municipality, Khotang district, examined parental KAP in relation to the type of schooling their children received, and distinguishing between private and public schools. Utilizing guidelines from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), data collection involved home visits and response analysis. A higher proportion of female, 92 out of 139 attributes to the emigration of males, which has resulted in a greater availability of females compared to their male counterparts. Significant variations were found in parental KAP based on the type of schools attended by their children (p < 0.002 for knowledge, p = 0.08 for attitude, and p < 0.01 for practice). Parents of children in private schools exhibited higher scores in knowledge and practice compared to those in public schools. Gender differences persisted, with female parents generally scoring lower in knowledge. The study also revealed a lower nutritional knowledge among females (ß=-1.7, p = 0.06). These findings may hint the socio-economic influences on nutritional KAP disparities and advocate for targeted interventions involving both parents, addressing differences across private and public schools. The study calls for future research with larger sample sizes to provide a more comprehensive understanding of these dynamics, suggesting a focus on gender-specific assessments within nutritional policies or national projects led by the Government of Nepal (GoN).
METHODS OF UNDERSTANDING IDIOMS EMPLOYED BY KAZAKH AND RUSSIAN LEARNERS
Authors: Aushenova A. S. , Aimagambetova M. M.
Published: March 2024

In this study, the researcher examined how Kazakh language learners (KLLs) and Russian language learners (RLLs) in Kazakhstan comprehend idioms in jokes. The study involved 25 participants (20 KLLs and 5 RLLs) who were asked to read 10 English and 10 Russian jokes, with some containing idioms. The researcher analyzed the participants' Think-Aloud protocols, identifying 20 idiom comprehension strategies falling into three categories: cognitive, metacognitive, and socio-affective. The author also found five major difficulties that participants faced during the idiom comprehension task, such as unfamiliar idioms and cultural differences.

The study's implications suggest that explicit teaching of comprehension strategies, including idioms and jokes, should be incorporated into FL instruction. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of idiom comprehension strategies for FL learners in decoding the meaning of unknown idioms encountered while reading FL texts.
CONCEPTUAL FIELDS THAT MAKE UP THE CONCEPT OF «HOPE»
Authors: Biyazdykova A. A.
Published: March 2024

The etymology of the concept of hope is revealed in the article, its conceptual analysis is carried out, conceptual fields are defined. The purpose of the article is to compare the concept of hope and its ethymon, to comprehend the level of knowledge of hope accumulated in the human mind in creating a linguistic picture of the world, to determine the conceptual fields that make up the macro concept of hope. During the disclosure of the above tasks, the scientific opinions of scientists are analyzed. In revealing the nature of the concept of hope in the Kazakh worldview, etymological, conceptual, comparative methods of analysis are used. Examples of its structural types are given, which have their own significance in revealing the essence of the concept. It was found that when grouping stable phrases and proverbs depending on the conceptual fields of the concept of hope, it becomes the basic concept. The research results, conclusions and judgments in the article can be used in lectures on cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, ethnolinguistics, etymology, psycholinguistics, special courses on the theory of concepts, as well as in the compilation of concepts and dictionaries of the conceptual field. And the structural types of the concept of hope and the conceptual analysis on them are of great practical importance.
SYNERGISTIC POSSIBILITIES OF LANGUAGE RESEARCH
Authors: Aldasheva K. S. , Kabassova K. A. , Koptleuova K. B. , Karagoishiyeva D. A.
Published: March 2024

As it is known, in accordance with the paradigmatic prism, the formation and development of linguistics as a science for a number of years have traditionally been correlated with comparative-historical, system-structural directions. It should be noted that in recent years, language and speech have been considered in aspects of anthropocentrism. The transition of general scientific evolution to a synergetic platform requires a different methodology for studying linguistic objects. In world linguistics, the methodological possibilities of synergetics are actively used for linguistic research, attempts are being made to interpret language and its sublevels (phonetics, word formation, lexicology, syntax, text, discourse, translation studies, etc.) as a synergetic, self-organizing, complex system in which it is constantly in dynamics. As a result of scientific research, a new direction of linguistics was formed – language synergetics / linguosynergetics. Language synergetics / linguosynergetics is a methodological platform for analyzing and modeling the evolution, development, open nature of the national language, and dynamic processes in it. As a new scientific direction, the synergetics of language allows Kazakh linguistics to develop in accordance with the scientific trends of world linguistics. 

The article analyzes the formation of a synergetic trend in world linguistics, the first searches and results in order to substantiate the concept of "language is a synergetic system".
THE INFLUENCE OF FIRST AND SECOND LANGUAGES ON THE THIRD LANGUAGE ACQUISITION (PSYCHOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS)
Authors: Ibrayeva Zh. K. , Zhaksylykkyzy K. , Nabiyeva G. S.
Published: March 2024

This article presents the results of a pilot experiment, the purpose of which is to study the status of activity of the first (L1) and second languages (L2) of Kazakhstani bilingual students while performing tasks in the target third language (L3). Students of the Al-Farabi Kazakh National University took part in the study. For students from the first experimental group, Kazakh is the native/first language (L1), and Russian is the L2. In contrast, for students of the second group, Russian is the first/native language (L1) and Kazakh, respectively, is the L2. A behavioural research method was used in the experiment, as well as a technique that included a “lexical decision task”. The results of this type of research show that in the context of the production of the English language (L3), Kazakh (L1/L2) and Russian (L1/L2) are activated in a competitive way, while the roles of languages and the degree of their activation in a trilingual situation vary in different groups of subjects. In the research process, the key reasons and factors influencing the levels of activation of the Kazakh and Russian languages in the conditions of educational trilingualism were identified.
LEXICO-SEMANTIC GROUPS OF WRITTEN MONUMENTS OF THE GOLDEN HORDE ERA
Authors: Kobdenova G. B. , Malbakov M. M.
Published: March 2024

The article presents written monuments of the Golden Horde era of the XIV century, studying the language of the palace safe "Gulistan bit-Turks" and "Khosrow and Shirin", dedicated to several lexical and semantic groups: religious words, kinship, positions and professions held, social and social vocabulary, trade, intellectual, human qualities, fruits, astronomical topics, mood, military names, entertainment, proper names, gems, etc.  A statistical study of the collected thematic groups is carried out, their frequency is determined for the first time and the cause is investigated. The peculiarity of the use of synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, polysemous words in the texts is indicated. They were compared with the use of some words in the modern Kazakh language and local colloquial dialects. Passing through the sound, morphological changes of words in the Arabic and Persian languages, the manuscript and modern Kazakh versions are considered in the Middle Ages, when the Kipchak economic discourse was formed and developed with specific examples, which formed the basis for the widespread spread of linguoeconomic discourse with the consolidation of economic terms in the modern Kazakh language. 

The article defines the semantic field of old words, divided into lexical and semantic groups by methods of comparative historical, semantic analysis, component analysis.
TEACHING KAZAKH LANGUAGE AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Maydangalieva Zh. A. , Kuzembayeva G. A.
Published: March 2024

The article substantiates the relevance of developing a methodology for teaching Kazakh as a foreign language (MTKFL): the prerequisites for the problem of preserving and developing the national (Kazakh) language, external and internal factors of aggravation of this problem at the present stage, as well as the already observed consequences of the lack of implementation of the MTKFL in countries where ethnic Kazakhs live are revealed.

The object of the analysis are normative legal acts, national programs, strategic plans, reports on science, analytical reports, sociological studies, textbooks, and publications of domestic and foreign scientists. To determine the degree of development of MTKFL in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the domestic and foreign experience of teaching Kazakh as a foreign language was analyzed and the degree of actualization and relevance of the MTKFL in world science and practice was identified. The results of the study allowed us to confirm the assumption that the actions taken by the authors to implement the scientific project “Methods of teaching Kazakh as a foreign language through a system of ethno-cultural units” are relevant, timely and will contribute to the development of a scientifically-based MTKFL for ethnic Kazakhs living abroad.
WORD-FORMATION MODELS OF BUSINESS TERMS IN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH: CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Mambetova M. K. , Nessipbay G. B.
Published: March 2024

At present, great importance is paid to the stabilization of terms and term formation in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The terms of the business sphere are constructed based on Greek and Latin languages and spread around the world through English. Newly proposed terms in the field of business should be supported in terms of structure meaning and systematization by the state and from the point of linguistics. In this direction, the main goal of the research is to determine the models of term formation by making a comparative analysis of the word-formation of Kazakh and English business terminology.

Contrastive analysis of Kazakh business terms with English language, a representative of European languages, helped to reveal the peculiarities of our language. The structural-componential analysis and contrastive methods were used in the course of the research. The statistical data analysis of business terminology dictionaries determined that most of the business terminology in the Kazakh language consists of international terms.

The main results of the research include the identification of structural similarities and differences in Kazakh and English business terminology. At the same time, analysis of ways of creating Kazakh and English business terminology and morphological and syntactic models allowed us to group the original terminology of the Kazakh language according to the linguistic elements of the mother tongue. There is an opportunity to apply research materials and terminological models for researchers in the field of business terminology, lexicographers, and special terminology courses.
THE USE OF TOPONYMS AS NATIONALLY LABELED UNITS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Authors: Sabieva E. V. , Kakimova M. E. , Mukhamedzanova G. T. , Murzakhmetova A. R.
Published: March 2024

This study is dedicated to the importance of developing socio-cultural competence in teaching a foreign language based on toponyms which plays an important role in intercultural communication. It is proved that these linguistic units contain cultural components that reflect the realities, traditions, and customs of a particular society. They are culturally marked units that reflect the history of the country, its language, habitat, as well as the characteristics of the inhabited territory. The article discusses the concept of “sociocultural competence” and its components. The main methods of implementing toponyms into the educational process are described, as well as the most effective technologies for the formation of intercultural competence of students are identified. A set of tasks based on toponymic material from Excel textbooks adapted for Kazakhstani schools has been developed and presented. In the analysis of toponymic material, the method of continuous sampling was used, and an analysis of various classifications regarding the formation of sociocultural competence was carried out. Based on the research material, the authors of the article conclude that toponyms as linguistic units can be used in the educational process to form students’ socio-cultural competence.
Data Culture, the Obstacle to SMART Customs in the Face of Disruptive Innovations – a Jamaican Perspective
Authors: Bancroft Smith Chriseve
Published: March 2024

An immature, underdeveloped data culture limits a digitised strategy (which has been seen as the best approach to treat the complexities of e-commerce and ‘fast couriers’) and stands in the way of the Jamaica Customs Agency (JCA) developing its capacity as a truly SMART (Secure, Measurable, Automated, Risk management based, Technology driven) administration. A commitment to paper-centric processes, disjointed legacy systems, fear and mistrust of technology, a lack of regard for data integrity and an underdeveloped appreciation for the need for advanced technology that facilitates necessary cooperation and collaboration of internal and external data flows are evident oppositions to data proficiency, and a foothold on e-commerce. JCA’s information management and border professionals have shed light on the challenges that disruptive innovations in the form of e-commerce and ‘fast couriers’ present to border management, and expressly identifies big data as a hopeful strategy to overcome current challenges. However, there is an acceptance of the fact that stakeholders need to develop an appreciation for data and its relevance in modern customs operations, as this is the key to a proactive Customs that can conduct intelligent targeting and make decisions based on evidence.

Current trends in cross-border e-commerce and the legal and technological adaptations that have been necessary in Europe, Africa, Middle East and parts of the Caribbean have been cited as models for policy adjustments that the JCA could consider. In addition to its development of local standards for data management and technology that would foster the appetite of internal stakeholders, the JCA also needs to look to national technocrats for policy provisions to facilitate data use and flows among Border Regulatory Agencies (BRAs). The JCA should also appeal to national technocrats to institute policies related to and provide the requisite technological infrastructure to facilitate big data management locally and cross-border.
Editorial
Authors: Widdowson David
Published: March 2024

The topics addressed in this edition of the Journal are very broad. Some analyse technical aspects of border management such as tariff classification, valuation, and Authorized Economic Operator verification, while others address more strategic issues relating to the design of excise regimes, the use of automation to mitigate corruption risks, the role played by Customs in free trade zones, and the ability of administrations to effectively manage new and emerging cross-border regulatory requirements. In many ways the wide variety of topics that we receive is reflective of the scope of responsibilities that fall to Customs and other border management agencies.
WCO Regional Approach to Capacity Building
Authors: Matsumoto Takashi
Published: March 2024

A core aspect of the World Customs Organization (WCO) Customs Capacity Building Strategy involves the ‘Regional Approach to Capacity Building’. Capacity building includes institutional development, the development of effective legal frameworks, the enhancement of staff capability, the application of modern techniques and the provision of suitable equipment. In order to implement the Strategy, the Regional Office for Capacity Building (ROCB) Asia Pacific has set four priority areas (pillars) to ensure smooth implementation of the ROCB Strategic Plan. The four pillars and their concrete actions are: to support the implementation of the WCO SAFE Framework of Standards; to further develop partnerships with donor institutions; to enhance the provision of better technical and management assistance; and to develop communication and coordination with Members including sharing regional best practices.
Regional Trade Agreements: An African Perspective of Challenges for Customs Policies and Future Strategies
Authors: Chiumya Chiza Charles N
Published: March 2024

The proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) has not spared the African Continent. The formation of RTAs in Africa is championed by the Regional Integration Agenda under the auspices of the Regional Economic Communities. The challenges that customs administrations face when their countries become members of RTAs depend on whether the RTA is trade-creating or trade-diverting. It is the trade-creating RTA that presents the customs administration with the greater challenges. This paper looks at these challenges and the areas where they require customs administrations to concentrate their policies and strategies.
Preventing Corruption: Lessons Larned From Anti-Corruption Training for Belgian Customs and Excise Officers
Authors: Dormaels Arne , Vande Walle Gudrun
Published: March 2024

Prevention of corruption in public institutions has become more important as a key

component of a successful strategy to combat corruption. In the literature, however,

there is little evidence about the effectiveness of anti-corruption training for public

servants and information about how to develop appropriate training is lacking. This

paper examines the lessons learned from the anti-corruption training introduced by the Belgian customs administration. The aim of this training was to sensitise the customs officers about corruption they may encounter in their work environment and the corruption vulnerabilities of their complex job. The training provided participants with a theoretical introduction to the legal framework and the social meaning of corruption, a short dilemma training, and communication training in order to enable the officers to act correctly when faced with corruptive vulnerable situations on the job. In the period 2008-10, the majority of customs officers participated in this one-day training. Based on this intensive training experience and the additional questionnaire distributed to 2,630 Belgian customs and excise officers, we present the perception customs officers have about corruption and the best way to fight it in their own organisation; the main results of the training; and some recommendations for future anti-corruption training.
Reversing the Trend: Low Cost and Low Risk Methods for Assuring Proper Duty Payments
Authors: Kappler Holm
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the extent to which commodity classification errors may

contribute to customs revenue shortfalls. It identifies the root causes of this chronic

problem and the traditional approaches that have been applied to address traditional

community classification monitoring and enforcement, with little evidence of success.

It then discusses other approaches that are worthy of examination, such as artificial

intelligence technologies, to monitor Harmonized System (HS) declarations that affect

duty underpayments, commodity data quality, systems integrity, and risk assessment.
Informal Funds Transfer Systems as a Target of Customs Enforcement
Authors: Han Chang-Hyung , Ireland Robert
Published: March 2024

Informal Funds Transfer (IFT) systems entail the movement of money without using formal financial institutions. People use IFT systems for several reasons, such as migrants remitting their income to relatives in home countries. While IFT can have legitimate purposes, it can also be exploited for criminal activities. In addition to being swifter, less expensive, and more convenient than some formal banking systems, IFT has some criminogenic advantages, including increased anonymity, weak recordkeeping, and non-transparent settlements. IFT systems are frequently used by informal traders and smugglers and, consequently, can help to evade compliance with customs regulations. This paper offers a preliminary examination of the implications for Customs of IFT systems and advocates that customs administrations increase their knowledge and enforcement activities with respect to IFT.
Customs in International Relations: The Indian Context
Authors: Shome Parthasarathi
Published: March 2024

This paper, adapted from the first BN Banerji Memorial Lecture, uses the Indian context to discuss the role of Customs in international relations, and provides a wide-ranging overview of the impact of customs duties imposed on imports and exports on crosscountry relations. Examples are provided of specific instances of, for example, the application of anti-dumping taxes, and the roles of the World Customs Organization (WCO) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in lowering customs duty rates internationally as well as in monitoring unfair competition. The paper concludes that the role of Customs in international economic relations is all-pervasive and growing, and that the growing role includes addressing the many challenges that are present in a globalised world, such as an increased need to monitor contraband, channels of money laundering, and international terrorism buttressed by modern developments in information and communication technology (ICT), highly trained staff with increasingly common international principles, and broadened cooperation with other related departments.
Does Anti-Corruption Legislation Work?
Authors: Thompson A Keith
Published: March 2024

This article presents a critical evaluation of the anti-corruption legislation existing for the past 15 years and changes to this legislation; turning specifically to discussion of the amendments to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act 1977 (US), the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Officials in International Business Transactions, the United Nations Convention against Corruption, the Bribery Act 2010 (UK) and relevant Australian legislation. The article discusses the philosophy behind current measures to curb international corruption practices and the consequences and messages sent when corruption cases are settled out of court. The article takes a sceptical view of the future of abolishing anti-corruption practices in countries where corruption is a quantitative issue, unless first world countries provide a strong moral philosophy on anti-corruption enforcement. Finally this article suggests several new measures that could be implemented in order to eliminate corruption practices including incentivised whistleblowing legislation and educational strategies.
The Role of Customs in the Economic Integration of East Asia: Problems and Proposals
Authors: Wang Feiyi
Published: March 2024

The supply and consumption of regional public goods offers a new perspective from which to analyse economic integration. Further, functional cooperation should be generally acknowledged as constituting the main approach to and essential content of the deeper economic integration of East Asia. In this respect, the provision of regional public goods represents a fundamental element of functional cooperation.

This paper examines economic integration in East Asia and the role played by Customs. The study is largely theoretical but also refers to empirical data. The author argues that the various initiatives embarked on to date to promote economic integration represent only one aspect of this subject and attention should also be paid to the concept of an East Asian customs union. The foundation for establishing such a union lies in customsrelated functional cooperation. Customs cooperation could provide the basis for deeper economic integration of East Asia in terms of providing regional public goods. This could then impact on other economic sectors such as the environment and finance as well as political and even institutional areas.
Analysis of Current Customs Practices in the United States and a Proposed Model for World Class Customs
Authors: Coyle Tom , Cruthirds Kevin , Naranjo Sara , Nobel Katharina
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this research is to propose a theoretically supported model for world class customs procedures and present testable propositions. A gap is noted in customs research and literature: no attempt has been made to bring together in one model the significant constructs which define world class customs operations. The model proposed in this paper is based upon literature and indicates six constructs to world class customs: infrastructure, procedures, technology, time focus, cost, and mission. The proposed model is contrasted with current practices used by US Customs and Border Protection (CBP). Also discussed are constructs for further research in this field of study. This topic is critically important in today’s global environment because any disruption to the supply chain can be costly and waste significant resources of a firm or country.
Developing an ‘Excise Working Tariff Schedule’ for South East Asia: A Resource for Regional Excise Policy
Authors: Preece Robert
Published: March 2024

During the ninth annual meeting of the Asia-Pacific Tax Forum (APTF), a ‘closed session’ was held for Ministry of Finance officials from the ASEAN region to discuss issues relating to coordination and standardisation of certain excise taxation policy and administrative aspects ahead of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) 2015. The meeting agreed that there would be benefit in gaining an understanding of each country’s excise tax systems as part of any potential future excise tax policy reforms undertaken in the lead up to, and after the commencement of the AEC.
China Customs’ Reform: Approaches to Improving the Professionalism of Customs Clearing Agents to Enhance Trade Facilitation
Authors: Wei Libing
Published: March 2024

A professional approach to customs service by a range of stakeholders is essential to the efficient and effective provision of that service and to enhance trade facilitation. This paper presents a case study on the role of customs clearing agents (clearing agents) in China Customs’ reform where proactive measures are implemented in line with the World Customs Organization’s (WCO) conventions, standards and acknowledged best practices. However, it is noted that the regulation of clearing agents differs from country to country even though those agents are playing a key role in facilitating global trade. This paper contends that improving the professionalism of clearing agents through training and licensing programs will add value to their role as reliable stakeholders in customs reform and identifies approaches that have been implemented by China Customs to achieve this.
Is Infrastructure Upgrading an Antidote for Smuggling? Evidence From Beitbridge Border Post, Zimbabwe
Authors: Munyanyi Watson
Published: March 2024

In recent years, Southern Africa has witnessed an increase in the volume of commercial and private cross-border traffic. This has put pressure on inland ports of entry as well as sea ports. The Beitbridge Border Post handles the largest volume of traffic in Southern Africa yet there has been no significant infrastructure development in the past decade. Incidences of smuggling and other illegal activities have increased. The existing infrastructure fails to contain the volume of traffic, enabling travellers to evade duty payment. This paper contends that improvements in infrastructure would help to curb rampant smuggling and offers suggestions to achieve this.
Strategy to Internationalise China’s Customs Management Education System
Authors: Hua Tong
Published: March 2024

Generally, colleges and other higher education institutions that offer customs management programs operate on a small scale and do so with limited domestic resources which restrict their development. Moreover, there are often only one or two institutions teaching customs-related courses in any one country, as is the situation in China, and seeking support worldwide provides a possible solution to this dilemma. Shanghai Customs College (SCC) is an integral part of the customs environment as an affiliated institute of the General Customs Administration of China and as China’s provider of education specialising in customs management. With the globalisation of education, SCC decided to build an internationalised education system on the basis of its existing exchange and shared communication projects of various types. This paper explores the idea of promoting internationalised education and practice, including information about SCC’s global strategy of exchange and communication efforts, and provides an outline of its forward plan to achieve these goals.
Ways to Modernise Customs Risk Management in Mongolia
Authors: Davaa Tsendsuren , Namsrai Batnasan
Published: March 2024

Customs authorities around the world are incorporating risk management strategies into their procedures in the context of achieving their two main goals: ensuring compliance with customs laws and regulations by the efficient control of the cross-border movement of goods, passengers, and transport means; and accelerating economic growth by facilitating foreign trade and investment. Risk management is an efficient and effective technique that stems from progress in science, technology and management innovation. This paper analyses the possibilities of applying comprehensive, systematic risk management approaches to the daily operations of the Mongolian customs authority with respect to its current organisational arrangements, human resources and information technology.
Illicit Trade, Economic Growth and the Role of Customs: A Literature Review
Authors: Mashiri Eukeria , Sebele-Mpofu Favourate Y
Published: March 2024

Many developing economies depend heavily on trade-related taxes for their economic wellbeing and wealth creation. The growth in international trade, increase in the number of travellers, advances in technology and changes in trading methods have set new challenges for governments — challenges that require a change in the functioning of customs and border management if these offices are to function effectively and efficiently.

This research paper furthers our understanding of the impact of illicit trade on economic growth, an important area of customs enquiry which has received little attention in prior studies. The study seeks to identify options for improving customs activities in order to maximise the detection of revenue leakage, while maintaining trade facilitation. The study analyses the extant literature and uses cross-country data to gauge the effect of illegal imports on economic growth.

In light of limited information on the value of illicit trade due to its very nature, the analysis was restricted by the availability of data. Nevertheless, the findings show that illegal economic activity distorts local economies and reduces legitimate business and tax revenues. The paper concludes that the costs of illicit trade are not only economic but also have social implications, as illicit trade undermines the social stability and socioeconomic welfare of communities, preventing the equitable sharing of public goods. Further, it was found that Customs is a high risk area in which corrupt officials can facilitate duty evasion, causing significant financial damage to the government’s budget and to the economic stability of compliant traders. The review highlights the need for improved customs practices and suggests areas for further research.
Research on iron(III) and cobalt(II) adsorption activity of Aduunchuluun active carbon
Authors: Ariunaa Alyeksandr , Narandalai Byamba-Ochir , Narangerel Janchig , Nasantogtokh Oyunchimeg , Munkhbat Enkhtur , Puntsagdash Erdenebileg
Published: March 2024

Coal from Aduunchuluun deposit was pre-treated by pyrolysis at 600°C, and semi-coke was activated at 800°C under a steam flow of 2 ml/min for 120 and 240 minutes to obtain activated carbons. The maximum weight loss of activated carbon was 64.7% with relatively high adsorption capacity, i.e. iodine and methylene blue absorption was 615 mg/g and 762 mg/g, surface area was 894 m2/g, respectively. The activity of Fe3+ and Co2+ ion adsorption of activated carbon was investigated depending on the pH of aqueous solution, initial concentration of metal ions, adsorption time and temperature. The removal of Fe3+ ions was 93.2-93.7%, for Co2+ ions was 95.1-95.2%. According to the adsorption isotherms and thermodynamic studies, the adsorption process was leading to the multilayer coverage with the metallic ions on the heterogeneous surfaces )micro- and meso-) of the activated carbons )A-3 and A-7) and the adsorption process was spontaneous.
Адуунчулууны идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрсний төмөр(III), кобальт(II) шингээх идэвхийн судалгаа
Хураангуй: Адуунчулууны ордын нүүрсийг 600°С-ийн температурт пиролизын аргаар урьдчилан боловсруулж, гарган авсан хагас коксыг 800°С-ийн температурт, 2 мл/мин усны уурын урсгалд 120, 240 минутын хугацаатайгаар идэвхжүүлэн идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрс гарган авсан. Идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрсний жингийн алдагдал хамгийн их нь 64.7 %, шингээх чадвар харьцангуй өндөр буюу иод болон метилен хөх шингээлт 615 мг/г ба 762 мг/г, гадаргуугийн талбай 894 м2/г тус тус байв. Идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрсний Fe3+, Co2+ ион шингээх идэвхийг усан уусмалын орчин, металлын ионы анхны концентрац, шингээлтийн хугацаа, температураас хамааруулан судалсан. Fe3+ ионыг шингээх идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрсний шингээлтийн зэрэг нь 93.2-93.7%, харин Co2+ ионы хувьд 95.1-95.2% өндөр байв. Шингээлтийн изотермийн болон термодинамикийн судалгаагаар уг идэвхжүүлсэн нүүрс )А-3 ба А-7) нь олон төрлийн сүвэрхэг (микро-, мезо-) бүтэцтэй бөгөөд шингээлтийн процессоор шингээгчийн гадаргуу дээр металлын ионууд олон давхарга үүсгэн бүрхэж, өөрөө аяндаа явагдах физикийн шингээлт болохыг тодорхойлов.
Түлхүүр үг: усны уурын идэвхжүүлэлт, шингээлтийн багтаамж, гадаргуугийн талбай, шингээлт, төмрийн ион, кобальт ион
SWARA ve ARAS Yöntemleri İle Personel Seçimi Sorununa Bütünleşik Bir Yaklaşım
Authors: Koçak Ferhat Han
Published: March 2024

Organizasyonun amaç ve hedeflerini etkili bir şekilde gerçekleştirmesi noktasında nitelikli işgücü-personel seçimi kurumlar için önemli konular arasındadır. Personel seçim süreci, üretkenliği artırmak için adayların bir kuruma girip çıkmasını belirleyen ayrıntılı bir örgütsel işlevdir. Hızlı teknolojik gelişmeler ve küreselleşme süreci, piyasaları kurumlardan daha nitelikli ve profesyonel insan kaynaklarına sahip olmayı talep etmeye zorlamıştır. Bu nedenle, personel seçim süreci hayati önem taşımakta olup kurum hedeflerini destekleyen en önemli çözümdür. Çok kriterli karar verme, en iyi çözümü elde etmek için birden fazla kriteri farklı yönlerden ve amaçlardan karşılayan araçları içermektedir. En iyi personeli bulmak karmaşık bir süreçtir. Ayrıca, personel seçimi probleminin yapısı hem niteliksel hem de niceliksel kriterleri içermektedir. Bu araştırma, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemleri ile personel seçim problemini incelemektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, personel seçimi için bütünleşik bir metodoloji uygulamaktır. Mevcut uygulamaların dışında personel seçimi ön değerlendirme ve mülakat aşamaları için kriter ağırlıkları belirlemede SWARA yöntemi, niceliksel ve niteliksel değerlendirmelere göre personel seçimi için ARAS yöntemi kullanılarak bir firmanın iş güvenliği uzmanı seçimi simüle edilmiştir.
Desafios na Saúde Pública de Paraíso do Tocantins: Repensando o Papel das Ações Judiciais após a Pandemia
Authors: Neves Artênio Duarte , Canhedo Nathalia
Published: March 2024

O artigo aborda a questão da judicialização da saúde no município de Paraíso do Tocantins, analisando suas causas, impactos e possíveis soluções. Inicia-se com um referencial teórico que contextualiza a saúde como um direito universal e discute o conceito de saúde ampliado, abrangendo diversos aspectos sociais. Destaca-se a importância do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) e sua relação com a qualidade de vida da população. Em seguida, o texto examina casos de judicialização da saúde em Paraíso do Tocantins, como a demanda por medicamentos e tratamentos específicos. Citam-se processos judiciais e argumenta-se sobre a solidariedade dos entes federativos na garantia do direito à saúde. A justificativa para a judicialização é atribuída à busca dos cidadãos por acesso integral e eficaz aos tratamentos, especialmente aqueles não disponibilizados pelo SUS. A pesquisa identifica um aumento significativo nos gastos do Ministério da Saúde com judicialização, evidenciando a disparidade e desigualdade no acesso à saúde. Após a análise do histórico e dos problemas, são apresentadas hipóteses sobre as causas da judicialização, como a escassez de recursos financeiros e a falta de políticas públicas específicas. Destaca-se a necessidade de diálogo entre o poder judiciário e o sistema de saúde para melhorar as ações e a efetividade da assistência em saúde. Os objetivos do estudo incluem analisar a relação entre a judicialização da saúde e a garantia do direito à saúde, identificar desigualdades no acesso à saúde, investigar a recorrência da população à judicialização e promover o diálogo entre o judiciário e o sistema de saúde. Por fim, a metodologia proposta envolve a revisão bibliográfica e a análise dos casos de judicialização, visando compreender melhor o fenômeno e sugerir políticas públicas mais eficientes para o município de Paraíso do Tocantins.
Acculturation and Intimate Partner Violence Among Kenyans in the United States
Authors: Stein Max J , Ndiang’ui Peter , Menja Eunice
Published: March 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse by a partner or spouse. This study focused on IPV among Kenyan immigrants to the United States. Several studies reported connections between IPV and cultural tensions experienced during the acculturation process. Scholars disagree whether acculturation buffers against IPV by exposing immigrants to adaptive social norms or heightens risk factors among those facing challenges acclimating to new settings. Whereas this association has been researched among Latinx and Asian communities in the United States, it is understudied among African and especially Kenyan diasporas. This descriptive study explored how acculturation and IPV among U.S. Kenyans were experienced depending on age, gender, and years of acculturation to determine measures for reducing IPV within U.S.-based diasporas. Results indicated that IPV was most prevalent among long-term immigrants. In terms of gender, women endured IPV more frequently than men. Virtually all participants expressed hesitancy to report abuses for fear of partner retribution or legal repercussions. To minimize the prevalence of IPV, several individuals advocated for community organizations that provide education programs and victim assistance. While most participants agreed that such organizations provide helpful resources, they disagreed on whether these groups could eliminate IPV or achieve household equity among spouses.
Empowering Social Capital in Surviving COVID-19: A Case Study of the Urban Poor in Panjang Subdistrict Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: Hidayati Dewi Ayu , Yulianto Yulianto , Utoyo Bambang , Muhassin Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Social capital is one of the strengths in dealing with disasters, both natural and non-natural disasters, including COVID-19. This study aims to examine the social capital empowered by the urban poor in Panjang subdistrict Bandar Lampung in forming resilience to the COVID-19 disaster. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The data validity was obtained through triangulation of sources, methods and time. The study found that the urban poor of Panjang subdistrict, Bandar Lampung city have empowered the social capital both within groups of the poor and with groups outside the poor. It comprised bonding and bridging social capitals. This empowerment has also supported community resilience efforts against the COVID-19. The thing that underlies the social capital empowerment to survive the COVID-19 disaster is the trust based on several social values, such as family, togetherness over diversity, openness, and religion.
Sharing the Responsibility: Ministry of National Education’s Disaster Preparedness and Response to Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
Authors: Sensin Ceyda , Gokmenoglu Tuba
Published: March 2024

Disaster-resilient communities develop effective preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation strategies. Following the experience of earthquakes on February 6, the Turkish community has been questioning its resilience. This paper examined the Ministry of National Education’s five-year preparedness strategies before the earthquake and its response to the February 6 earthquakes in Turkiye. The findings revealed that the Ministry made efforts to raise awareness among the community by developing training programs and securing schools by strengthening or rebuilding facilities. The ministry’s disaster response actions were classified into five categories: education, first aid and healthcare, food and water management, search and rescue, and shelter management. Our analysis suggested that the Ministry put crucial effort into disaster education, but more was needed to reach the entire school community. Furthermore, the Ministry responded promptly to the categories of food and water management, search and rescue, and shelter management from the first day, but not in its primary responsibility of education category.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF RAISED BMI IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Barnes Rachel
Published: March 2024

Despite public health initiatives to encourage a healthy lifestyle, obesity levels continue to rise, with more than half of women entering pregnancy with a body mass index (BMI) outside the normal range. When combined with associated comorbidities, having a raised BMI can put women and birthing people at higher risk of poor outcomes throughout the perinatal period. Providing informed and person-centred care, midwives can support this growing population of women to achieve optimal pregnancy outcomes and experience positive maternity care.
PERINATAL MENTAL HEALTH SKILLS: TEACHING AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES FOR MIDWIFERY STUDENTS
Authors: Solanki Kathryn , Brown Georgia , Fox Deborah
Published: March 2024

Supporting women with their emotional wellbeing is a core midwifery skill. Midwives have a pivotal role in early intervention and prevention by screening for mental health and psychosocial vulnerabilities, providing women with resources and referring them on to appropriate services as needed. It has been identified that midwives frequently lack the confidence and perceived competence to offer emotional care to women and require ongoing professional development in their knowledge of perinatal mental health, communication and assessment skills, and their attitudes to mental illness.1
STUDENT MIDWIVES: SUPPORTING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY UPTAKE IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Fisher Kristie , Staras Tania
Published: March 2024

For healthy pregnant women, exercise, defined as physical activity (PA), is a safe and effective way of reducing adverse health risks. The lack of exercise reported by women in pregnancy is currently a significant concern, particularly in review of present maternal obesity statistics and associated risk factors. For instance, in pregnancy, obesity is recognised within 21.3% of antenatal clients.1 Adding to this, fewer than half of pregnant women (47.3%) have a normal ranged BMI.1 Urgent action is required, yet despite the well documented benefits, still 60 to 80% of pregnant women do not participate in PA.2,3,4 This is inclusive of women that are both overweight and classed as obese.2 From a health professional stance, there is an element of lack of professional education around the topic of PA in pregnancy. This article reviews the current obstacles and potential enablers, for midwives and student midwives. It critically considers how women and pregnant people can be effectively supported with PA throughout their pregnancy and, more specifically, by our future midwives.
A REFLECTIVE ACCOUNT – NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF NEONATAL ABSTINENCE SYNDROME
Authors: Leroni Jo , Marcella Debbie
Published: March 2024

This reflection will use Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle to undertake a critical account of my experience as a student midwife on a busy postnatal ward caring for a woman and her newborn baby who was being assessed for neonatal abstinence syndrome. My reflection focuses on the assessment of neonatal abstinence syndrome and how newborns can be supported through withdrawal with the use of nonpharmacological methods. The use of strength-based approaches by midwives to provide effective care and support of newborn babies, and the importance of interdisciplinary working when caring for vulnerable women and families is also highlighted.
ANTENATAL CARE OF A WOMAN WITH PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: Leyland Anne
Published: March 2024

Between 2018 and 2020, eight women in the UK died from complications associated with pre-eclampsia. Despite a decline in maternal mortality rates, the numbers are still higher than the previous triennial review report, 2012 to 2014. Many women and babies will experience substantial morbidities impacting their long-term physical and mental health. To ensure optimal care, it is critical midwives are competent in the detection and management of women at risk of pre-eclampsia. This article will review best practice in relation to the antenatal clinical management of a woman with pre-eclampsia.