Design of a Combined Drought Index for the Creation of an Early Warning System in Grasslands. Case Study in the Sierra de Guadarrama
Authors: Tarquis Ana Maria , Vargas Leticia , Rivas-Tabares David , Diaz-Ambrona Carlos G.H. 
Published: March 2022

&lt;p&gt;Pastures are one of the most crucial land covers from the ecological and agricultural point of view. In Spain, pasture areas are being especially more vulnerable to the effects of climate change, which highlights the need to have tools for assessing and characterizing pastures, to understand the vegetation behaviour better, and anticipate potential risks such as events of drought or frosts mitigating the negative impacts that take place both in the crop and at an economic level for the farmers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This work aims to establish an early warning system in pastures and evaluate the combined drought index by studying the behaviour of the NDVI (vegetation index) with the temporal dynamics of temperature and precipitation in two areas in north-central Spain (&amp;#193;vila and Segovia). For this, the grass areas were selected, the behaviour of the climatic patterns and the vegetation index were studied, &lt;em&gt;pastograms&lt;/em&gt; were analyzed to characterize and evaluate the amount of grass produced, and correlations were made to assess the behaviour of precipitation and the NDVI between development phases over 20 years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The data analyzed and the methodologies followed for the study areas determine two highlighting points in the growth of the grasses, autumn and spring. There is also a linear relationship between cumulative precipitation and cumulative NDVI in both zones, which, together with the pastures model, allow obtaining the production estimate to characterize them. With this information obtained from the analysis for both &amp;#193;vila Zone &amp;#8211; ZAV and Segovia Zone &amp;#8211; ZSE, a combined drought index and alarm system is proposed based on the values &amp;#8203;&amp;#8203;of the standard curves and scores of the meteorological and physiological index for each zone during the period 2000-2020.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acknowledgements&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The second author acknowledges the Center for Studies and Research for the Management of Agricultural and Environmental Risks (CEIGRAM) funding through its 2020 call for grants to young researchers. The support of Project No. PGC2018-093854-B-I00 of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci&amp;#243;n y Universidades of Spain and from Boosting Agricultural Insurance based on Earth Observation data - BEACON project under agreement N&amp;#186;821964, funded under H2020EU, DT-SPACE-01-EO-2018-2020 is highly appreciated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ernesto Sanz, A. Saa-Requejo, C.H. D&amp;#237;az-Ambrona, M. Ruiz-Ramos, A. Rodr&amp;#237;guez, E. Iglesias, P. Esteve, B. Soriano and Ana M. Tarquis. Generalized Structure Functions and Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis Applied to Vegetation Index Time Series: An Arid Rangeland. Entropy, 2021, 23(5), 576. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050576&lt;/li&gt;
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