bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrete-time integral sliding mode position control of H-type platform direct-drive servo system based on smooth saturation function
Authors: Fang Xin , Wang Limei , Zhang Kang
Published: April 2022

The direct-drive servo system of H-type platform is easily affected by load disturbance and mechanical coupling. In this paper, a discrete-time integral sliding mode position control method based on smooth saturation function is proposed. First, the discrete-time mathematical model of direct-drive servo system with mechanical coupling characteristics is established with the position and speed of mover as state variables. Then, a discrete-time integral sliding mode position controller is designed to reduce the influence of external disturbance, and improve the tracking accuracy of the system. At the same time, in order to weaken the chattering caused by the sign function in the control law, a smooth saturation function is designed to replace the original sign function, and the advantages of the smooth saturation function are analyzed and proved. Finally, the simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method not only improves the position tracking accuracy of the system, weakens the chattering, but also enhances the robustness of the system to load disturbance.
A method for robust quadratic pole assignment
Authors: Lu Manhong , Xie Huiqing
Published: April 2022

A new method is proposed for robust quadratic pole assignment problem. We first give the results on the solution of quadratic pole assignment problem. Then the Schur form corresponding to closed-loop system is established and normality departure is used to measure the robustness of closed-loop system. On these grounds, a method for robust quadratic pole assignment problem is proposed by minimizing the normality departure of closed-loop system. The proposed method avoids to transform the second-order control system to the first-order control system. Moreover, it is implemented in real operations. Numerical experiments show that our method has good performance on the robustness of closed-loop system.
Sigmoid Sinus Diverticulum—A Unique Case of Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Spangler Daniel J , McElveen John T , McLear Patrick W
Published: April 2022

Sigmoid sinus diverticula are relatively rare but typically cause pulsatile tinnitus (PT) in the involved ear. Occasionally, symptoms produced by blood flowing through the diverticulum are severe enough to necessitate recontouring the sigmoid sinus. Recently, a 59-year-old female was evaluated after years of worsening unilateral PT. CT angiography identified a 5 mm sigmoid sinus diverticulum near the sinodural angle. Given the severity of symptoms, the patient’s diverticulum was surgically decompressed and recontoured using hydroxyapatite bone cement.
Mediating a regime in crisis: corruption and succession in Zimbabwe’s state media
Authors: Mpofu Mandlenkosi , Tshuma Lungile Augustine , Msimanga Mbongeni Jonny
Published: April 2022

Political scandals are rarely the focus of major academic research in Zimbabwe where tight control of the dominant state media by the ruling party ensures that scandals involving senior government officials are suppressed. Informed by Altheide and Snow’s media logic and Thompson’s concept of mediated political scandals, this article uses framing analysis to examine The Herald’s logic behind exposing the ZIMDEF scandal involving former Minister of Higher and Tertiary Education, Jonathan Moyo. We therefore view the scandal as a political power scandal within ZANU-PF as two main factions, the Lacoste faction led by then Vice-President and now President Emmerson Mnangagwa and the G40 faction fronted by the then Minister of Higher Education Jonathan Moyo, who fought a nail-biting contest over the succession of long-time ruler Mugabe as his reign entered the twilight. The article argues that the scandal evolved like a choreographed sting operation, in which the objective was not to expose public corruption, but to neutralise a formidable political foe as the race to succeed former president Robert Mugabe intensified.
Responses to social inequality across the life span: The role of social status and upward mobility beliefs
Authors: Weiss David , Greve Werner , Kunzmann Ute
Published: April 2022

Economic inequality has been consistently rising in recent decades in many Western countries including Germany. This is a pressing issue as greater economic inequality within a society has detrimental consequences for well-being, social stability, productivity, and even life expectancy. However, little is known about how individuals of different ages experience and respond to social inequality across adulthood. Because status differences are perceived as more malleable in young adulthood (i.e., young adults can expect to move up the social ladder) and only manifest across adulthood, we predicted that negative emotional reactions to the perceived standing in the social hierarchy should become increasingly pronounced with age. Consistently, a first study based on a national representative sample in Germany ( N = 2,542; 18–91 years) confirmed that subjective social status had a much stronger effect on the acceptance of social inequality among middle-aged and older, as compared with younger, adults. In a second experimental study ( N = 387; 18–89 years), participants of any age responded with negative emotional reactions when rising inequality was made salient. However, subjective social status moderated this effect only in middle-aged and older, but not younger, adults. Finally, a third experimental study ( N = 605; 18–82 years) showed that, compared with middle-aged and older adults, younger adults maintained stronger upward mobility beliefs that accounted for the age-differential effects of subjective social status on negative emotional reactivity to rising inequality. We discuss the central role of upward mobility beliefs for individuals’ responses to social inequality across the adult life span.
A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Mini-Implant supported K-Loop for Maxillary Molar Distalization
Authors: Tekale Pawankumar Dnyandeo , Patil Harshal Ashok , Garg Kamlesh , Kerudi Veerendra V. , Parhad Sameer M , Sharan Jitendra S. , Lohakpure Ratnadip A. , Raina Sakshi
Published: April 2022

Introduction:

The study was conducted to assess the stress and displacement effects of a mini-implant supported k-loop on the maxillary dentition for distalization with 3-dimensional (3D) finite element stress analysis.

Materials and Methods:

A 3D model of the maxilla with all teeth, periodontal ligament, bone, mini-implants, brackets, and archwire was used in this study. The analytic model used in this study like brackets, wire, K-loop, and mini-implants was developed using a reverse engineering technique extracting the dimensional details of the physical parts using precision measuring instruments.

Results:

The distobuccal movement on the first molar and second molar were 0.26864 mm and 0.00833 mm, respectively. A total of 0.25 mm intrusion movement was seen on distal cusp of the first molar and 0.14 mm extrusion movement seen on mesial cusp of the first molar. A total of 0.25 mm and 0.00260 mm intrusion movement was seen on the distal cusp of the first molar and second molar, respectively. A total of 0.14 mm and 0.00324 mm extrusion movement was seen on the mesial cusp of the first molar and second molar, respectively.

Conclusions:

There was a large amount of distal displacement of the first molar, also negligible amount of tipping of the first molar and mesial movement of first premolar.
The Effect of Patellar Surface Morphology on Subchondral Bone Alignment When Matching Patellar Osteochondral Allografts to the Central Ridge of the Patella
Authors: Neral Mithun , Patel Karan A. , Getty Michael , Salka Nabeel , Grant John A.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Cartilage transplants in the patellofemoral joint have demonstrated lower success rates than in the femoral condyles. This is likely related to the more complex morphology and biomechanics of the joint. While previous studies have evaluated cartilage surface matching and congruence, little work has been done to study the associated subchondral bone congruency in these grafts.

Purpose:

To determine if differences in patellar morphology play a role in the alignment of the donor patellar osteochondral allograft subchondral bone with the native patellar subchondral bone.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

A total of 20 (10 Wiberg I and 10 Wiberg II/III) fresh-frozen human patellae were designated as recipients and size-matched to both a Wiberg I and a Wiberg II/III patellar donor. A 16-mm osteochondral allograft transplant to the central ridge of the patella was performed in random order with each matched donor. Transplanted patellae underwent a nano—computed tomography (nano-CT) scan, were digitally reconstructed, and were superimposed on the initial nano-CT scan of the native recipient patella. MATLAB was used to determine the surface height deviation between the native and donor subchondral bone surfaces. DragonFly 3-dimensional imaging software was used to measure subchondral bone step-off heights at the native-donor interface. Differences between matched and unmatched grafts were compared using a 2-way analysis of variance and the Sidak post hoc test.

Results:

Subchondral bone surface deviation did not differ between Wiberg matched and unmatched allografts. The step-off height was significantly greater in unmatched (1.38 ± 0.49 mm) compared with matched (1.14 ± 0.52 mm) plugs ( P = .015). The lateral quadrant step-off differed between matched (0.89 ± 0.43 mm) and unmatched (1.60 ± 0.78 mm) grafts ( P = .007).

Conclusion:

While unmatched Wiberg patellar osteochondral allograft implantation did not result in significantly different subchondral bone surface height deviations, there was a significant difference in the circumferential subchondral bone step-off height in the lateral quadrant. Further investigation using finite element analysis modeling will help determine the role of subchondral bone surface on shear and compression force distributions in these areas.

Clinical Relevance:

Given that subchondral bone stiffness and morphology play a role in cartilage health, subchondral bone congruency may play a role in graft survival. Understanding how this congruency plays a role in cartilage force distribution will help surgeons improve the long-term success of osteochondral allograft transplants.
Situated Learning and Transnational Labor Migration: The Case of Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program
Authors: Perry J. Adam
Published: April 2022

Grounded in an analysis of interviews with migrant farm workers in Canada, this article explores how learning in the everyday contexts of temporary transnational labor migration is implicated in both migrant identity formation and the social reproduction of an established and growing labor migration regime. The article focuses on thinking through how workers negotiate the intergenerational workplace tensions that permeate life in Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program. The findings suggest that through their sustained participation in the everyday social practices that develop through dormitory-living, transnational laborers learn to become migrant workers. This formation of migrant worker identities in turn contributes to the reproduction of the social relations that support the ongoing practice of circulatory labor migration in the Canadian agricultural industry.
Fatigue life prediction of composite suspension considering residual stress and crack propagation
Authors: Wang Shuci , Liu Xintian , Huang Bixiong , Liao Haiyu
Published: April 2022

Composite materials are widely used in the automobile industry, compared with traditional mechanical connection, in terms of efficiency and manufacture cost structure, adhesively-bonded joints are usually the material most appropriate connection technology. Adhesively-bonded joints have good performance under fatigue load and the stress concentration is smaller. Lack of reliable design methods, long-term aging behavior, and fatigue life assessment of the adhesive joint, which are limits the bonded joints technology popularization and application. In order to describe the crack propagation process more accurately, an improved generalized crack propagation model was proposed to predict the fatigue life of composite bonded parts. The crack propagation process is divided into three stages, and the influence of machining technology, residual stress, and actual temperature in the process of machining are considered. The model provides an effective theoretical basis for accurately predicting the residual life of composite bonded structures. Experimental and simulation results show that the proposed model expands the prediction range of the existing theoretical model, and the prediction accuracy is significantly improved.
Combined effects of viscous dissipation and magnetohydrodynamic on periodic heat transfer along a cone embedded in porous Medium
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad , Ilyas Asifa , Ullah Zia , Ali Aamir
Published: April 2022

The current analysis is focused on the periodic behaviour of convective heat transfer characteristics of fluid flow along the electrically conducting cone embedded in the porous medium with the inclusion of viscous dissipation effects in energy equation. The purposed nonlinear mathematical model is formulated by introducing periodic behaviour in conservations equations along with specific boundary conditions. The dimensioned equations are converted into dimensionless form by using suitable scaling variables. The physical properties such as velocity profile, temperature distribution and magnetic profile as well as periodic skin friction, rate of heat transfer and rate of current density are highlighted graphically for various dimensionless parameters involved in the purposed model. Furthermore, the physical impacts of emerging parameters with physical reasoning are illustrated periodically. The main contribution of this study is based on the solutions of non-oscillating part and then these solutions are used to analyse periodic behaviour of shear stress, rate of heat transfer and rate of current density in the presence of viscous dissipation.
Effect of cryogenic treatment on properties of materials: A review
Authors: Singh Gurkirat , Pandey K.N.
Published: April 2022

The objective of this review paper is to introduce Cryogenic temperature effect on different properties of materials. Results showed that cryogenic operation improves properties like hardness, fatigue strength, tensile strength, toughness and resistance to wear in comparison to conventional operations. The improvement is a result of microstructural changes at cryogenic temperature which helps in conversion of austenite to martensite and carbide nucleation. The results also showed that doing tempering before or after cryogenic operation has significant influence on material properties which helps to achieve better carbide distribution. Different heat treatment sequences which involve tempering before or after Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT), provides varied results. Soaking time at cryogenic temperature also has an important role in refinement of microstructure and affect material properties.
Study on the effect of rotor tip fillet edge in axial compressor
Authors: Mo-Ru Song , Yue-Heng Wang , Rui Zhou , Zixuan Li , Bo Yang
Published: April 2022

The compressor flowfield is sensitive to the small geometry in the tip region. The blade tip edge, which was usually idealized as “sharp” edge in the numerical simulation, had been actually filleted during the process of machining, coating, and wearing. However, the fillet edge was completely neglected in the compressor performance estimation. Thus, in this paper, the effect of the fillet edge is evaluated by establishing several models with tip fillet edges as well as tip sharp edge in a transonic axial compressor. By the comparison of the flowfield between models with fillet edge and sharp edge, it was found that the tip fillet edge can eliminate the separation bubble at the pressure side of the tip clearance. Also, it can affect the tip clearance outflow by changing the reversed flow. As a result, the leakage flow is increased and the compressor performance is decreased in efficiency and pressure ratio. The local leakage mass flow rate along the camber line can be increased up to 40% when the fillet radius is as much as 20% of the tip clearance size. The flowfield in the downstream is also affected by the fillet edge. By the comparing among the models with different working conditions, it is found that the sensitivity of the performance to the fillet edge is different between design and off-design conditions. Furthermore, the effect of the tip fillet edge on the leakage flow is qualified and compared with the effect of the tip clearance.
Inclusivity and Decentralisation of Candidate Selectorates: Factional Consequences for Centre-Left Parties in England, Germany, and the United States
Authors: Cowburn Mike , Kerr Rebecca
Published: April 2022

In recent elections, ‘progressives’ in centre-left parties have advocated for more democratised processes of candidate selection. We test whether more inclusive and decentralised selectorates align with higher numbers of progressive candidates nominated in national legislative elections by centre-left parties across three advanced western democracies between 2017 and 2021. In the Labour Party, more centralised selectorates aligned with higher numbers of progressives selected. For the SPD, we report null findings, likely due to additional incentives for factional co-operation in a multi-party system. In our most decentralised case, the Democratic Party, selection of progressives was congruent with district partisanship rather than selectorate inclusivity, with progressives more commonly selected in safe rather than competitive or unfavoured districts. This relationship was not present in our other cases. These findings highlight the importance of the decentralisation dimension for the factional allegiance of legislative candidates nominated.
Expression of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Pediatric Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Possible Role in Carcinogenesis and Treatment Response
Authors: Torres-Zárate Carmen , Vences-Mejía Araceli , Espinosa-Aguirre Jesús Javier , Díaz-Díaz Eduardo , Palacios-Acosta José Martín , Cárdenas-Cardós Rocío , Hernández-Arrazola Daniel , Shalkow-Klincovstein Jaime , Jurado Rodolfo R. , Santes-Palacios Rebeca , Molina-Ortiz Dora
Published: April 2022

The 5-year relative survival rate estimate of treated patients with non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (NRSTS) is ∼50% since they generally present with tumor progression, relapse, metastasis, and/or chemoresistance. The expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in malignancies can affect the pharmacology of drugs commonly used in chemotherapy or confer susceptibility to development of chemical carcinogenesis; in addition, their specific tumor expression can be used as a therapeutic target. Using qPCR and Western blot assays, the expression of CYP1B1, CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP3A5 were analyzed in a cohort of tumor tissue paired with non-malignant adjacent tissue of patients with NRSTS. The mRNA and protein expression of CYP1B1, CYP2E1, and CYP3A4 were significantly increased in tumor tissue. We propose that the expression of these isoforms is related to carcinogenesis and chemoresistance frequently observed in these neoplasms.
Dual-mobility constructs versus large femoral head bearings in primary and revision total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Hoskins Wayne , McDonald Laura , Claireaux Harry , Bingham Roger , Griffin Xavier
Published: April 2022

Background:

Both dual-mobility (DM) constructs and large femoral head bearings (⩾36 mm) reduce dislocation following total hip arthroplasty (THA). There is limited research comparing DM with large bearings.

Methods:

A systematic review of published literature was performed including studies that compared DM with large femoral head bearings in primary or revision THA according to PRISMA guidelines. The primary outcome was revision surgery for dislocation. The secondary outcome was all-cause revision surgery. Other complications were recorded. 2 authors independently selected studies, performed data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Treatment effects were assessed using odds ratios and data were pooled using a fixed-effect model, where appropriate.

Results:

9 studies, all retrospective, met the final inclusion criteria. 2722 patients received DM and 9,789 large femoral head bearings. The difference in the odds of revision surgery for dislocation (OR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45–1.01; p = 0.06) and aseptic loosening are unclear (OR 0.61; 95% CI, 0.36–1.05; p = 0.07); including important benefits and no difference. There was a benefit favouring DM for the risk of all-cause revision (OR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56–0.86; p = 0.001), revision for fracture (OR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29–0.81; p = 0.005) and dislocation not requiring revision (OR 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14–0.57; p < 0.001). The estimate in the difference in the odds of revision surgery for infection was imprecise (OR 0.78; 95% CI, 05.1–1.20; p = 0.26).

Conclusions:

This study provides evidence that there may be clinically relevant benefits of DM constructs over large femoral head bearings. Prospective randomised studies are warranted given these findings.
Earlier functional recovery and discharge from hospital for THA patients operated on via direct superior compared to standard posterior approach: a retrospective frequency-matched case-control study
Authors: Kenanidis Eustathios , Paparoidamis George , Pegios Vasileios F , Anagnostis Panagiotis , Potoupnis Michael , Tsiridis Eleftherios
Published: April 2022

Background:

The direct superior hip approach (DSA) has been less researched than other approaches in the literature. We retrospectively compared the early postoperative and functional outcomes of patients with hip osteoarthritis undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) via DSA with a matched control group using a standard posterior approach (SPA).

Methods:

The DSA group comprised 100 THAs performed via DSA by a senior surgeon between January 2018 and May 2019. Patients with primary osteoarthritis and ASA score ⩽3 who were eligible for surgery were included. The DSA group was compared to a matched cohort of 100 patients operated on with a SPA in the same period by another chief surgeon. Patients were matched for age, sex, and ASA score. All patients received the same postoperative chemoprophylaxis, pain management and physiotherapy. 2 independent attending arthroplasty surgeons assessed the incision length, operative time, blood loss, hospital stay, and complications. VAS, HHS, and HOOS scores were also evaluated for a year postoperatively.

Results:

Mean incision length and hospital stay were significantly lower in the DSA group. DSA patients had non-significantly lower intraoperative blood loss, transfusion needs, and postoperative pain than SPA patients. Mean operation time and complication rate did not differ between groups. The DSA group demonstrated significantly greater functional scores than the SPA group at the first postoperative month. No differences in scores were recorded following the third month.

Conclusions:

The DSA approach may provide earlier functional recovery and hospital discharge for THA patients compared with SPA. DSA was equivalent to SPA concerning pain and blood loss, showing minimal complication rates.
COVID-19 Infections in Cancer Patients Were Frequently Asymptomatic: Description From a French Prospective Multicenter Cohort (PAPESCO-19)
Authors: Zhou Ke , Raoul Jean-Luc , Blanc-Lapierre Audrey , Seegers Valérie , Boisdron-Celle Michèle , Bourdon Marianne , Mahammedi Hakim , Lambert Aurélien , Moreau-Bachelard Camille , Campone Mario , Conroy Thierry , Penault-Llorca Frédérique , Bellanger Martine M , Bigot Frédéric
Published: April 2022

Background:

Cancer patients (CPs) are considered more vulnerable and as a high mortality group regarding COVID-19. In this analysis, we aimed to describe asymptomatic COVID (+) CPs and associated factors.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective study in CPs and health care workers (HCWs) in 4 French cancer centers (PAPESCO [ PAtients et PErsonnels de Santé des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer pendant l’épidémie de COvid-19] study). This analysis used data recorded between June 17, 2020 and November 30, 2020 in CPs (first 2 waves, no variants). At inclusion and quarterly, CPs reported the presence of predefined COVID-19 symptoms and had a blood rapid diagnostic test; a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done in case of suspected infection.

Results:

A total 878 CPs were included; COVID-19 prevalence was similar in both CPs (8%) and HCWs (9.5%); of the 70 CPs (8%) who were COVID (+), 29 (41.4%) were and remained asymptomatic; 241/808 of the COVID (−) (29.8%) were symptomatic. 18 COVID (+) were hospitalized (2% of CPs), 1 in intensive care unit (ICU) and 1 died (0.1% of CPs and 2.4% of symptomatic COVID [+] CPs). Only the inclusion center was associated with clinical presentation (in Nancy, Angers, Nantes, and Clermont-Ferrand: 65.4%, 35%, 28.6%, and 10% CPs were asymptomatic, respectively).

Conclusions:

Seroprevalence of COVID-19 in CPs was similar to that observed in HCWs; mortality related to COVID-19 among CPs was 0.1%. More than 40% of COVID (+) CPs were asymptomatic and one third of COVID (−) CPs had symptoms. Only geographic origin was associated with the presence or absence of symptoms. Social distancing and protective measures must be applied in CPs at home and when hospitalized.
Why do singers use imagery?
Authors: DeSantis Brianna , Deck Sarah , Hall Craig , Roland Sophie
Published: April 2022

Previous sport research has demonstrated that athletes of higher levels employ imagery more than low-level athletes. Because there is currently little research on imagery’s application in singers, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether this finding is reflected in low-level and high-level singers. A study-specific questionnaire was developed that examined singers’ imagery use. The questionnaire consisted of four subscales that assessed vocal technique, performance anxiety regulation, goals, and characterization. It was found that singers used imagery most for characterization (i.e., portraying a character or feeling), followed by goals, vocal technique, and performance anxiety regulation. No differences existed between professional and student singers’ imagery use. There was a significant difference between males and females on the characterization subscale, suggesting that female singers may use imagery for characterization more so than males. Introducing this approach to imagery to singers and teachers of singing has the potential to influence music education in school settings and impact curriculum development.
Perceived similarity determines social comparison effects of more and less physically active others
Authors: Perey Iris , Koenigstorfer Joerg
Published: April 2022

This research tested whether the effects of physical activity (PA) comparisons depend on the perceived similarity to comparison standards. In 3 experimental studies, participants compared themselves to a more or a less physically active person. Results showed that perceived similarity determined comparison outcomes: Participants’ PA self-evaluation and self-efficacy were higher when focusing on similarities with more (vs less) (Study 1) and dissimilarities with less (vs more) active others (Study 1 and 2). Considering the opposite of the impression that less active others are similar and more active others are dissimilar increased participants’ PA self-evaluation, self-efficacy, and intention (Study 3).
The Performative Narrative Interview: A creative strategy for data production drawing on dialogical narrative theory
Authors: Collado Sebastián , Boden-Stuart Zoë
Published: April 2022

This article presents a novel methodological approach to data collection/production: the Performative Narrative Interview (PNI). This approach was developed as part of an empirical study on the processual construction of the sexual identity of sexually diverse men* in Santiago de Chile. By drawing upon narrative-dialogic theoretical frameworks of subjectivity, the PNI makes explicit three aspects of narrative interviews that tend either to remain unaddressed or are treated separately within narrative inquiry: the performative, the creative and the intersubjective. The PNI utilizes these three aspects to generate a creative interview framework, detailed here, in which multiple versions of subjectivity can emerge. We suggest that methods like the PNI, which support this multiplicity to surface, lead to the production of deeper and more complex narrative data on subjectivity than traditional narrative interviews are able to produce.
Experience of UK Latin Americans caring for a relative living with dementia: A qualitative study of family carers
Authors: Guerra Stefanny , James Tiffeny , Rapaport Penny , Livingston Gill
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Most studies of the Latin American immigrant experience and care for relatives living with dementia have been in the United States (US). In the United Kingdom (UK), unlike the US, most Latin Americans are first generation immigrants and are a rapidly increasing population. Therefore, we aimed to explore the UK experiences of Latin Americans caring for a relative with dementia.

Methods

We purposively recruited UK-based Latin American family carers of people with dementia ensuring maximum diversity. We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews (in English or Spanish) with 11 family carers, stopping recruiting when we reached thematic saturation. We took an inductive thematic analytic approach.

Findings

Four main themes were identified: (1) Family comes first, particularly older people, leading to an obligation to care; (2) dementia as an illness that is accepted and talked about, which is regarded as positive with close networks but not wider society; (3) difficult behaviours are not the responsibility of the person with dementia, who is often conceptualised as a child; and (4) caring expectations lead to incompatibility with formal services, and a reluctance to leave people with dementia alone.

Conclusions

Familial obligation is the driver for family carers and acceptance of the illness helped despite adversities. Openness to talk about dementia with close networks was distinctive and helpful, contrasting with wider society, where greater awareness of dementia is needed. Considering the person with dementia as a child did not seem to undermine personhood and enabled maintenance of compassion. The relative with dementia was a priority. There was a lack of culturally and linguistically appropriate services, thus restricting family carers’ ability to fulfil other roles, such as parental.
Sage seed gum as a novel source for polysaccharide-based antibacterial nanofibers: Physical, chemical, and rheological characterization
Authors: Yekrang Javad , Saghafi Reza , Yousefi Alireza , Ghaffari Fatemeh
Published: April 2022

In this study, the sage seed gum (SSG) was electrospun as a polysaccharide polymer blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to construct nanofibrous mats for antibacterial applications. The rheological properties of the PVA/SSG solutions were investigated before electrospinning. Oscillatory, shear, and steady shear tests demonstrated that the PVA/SSG solutions had a viscous behavior, exhibiting a higher consistency coefficient ( k) and a lower flow behavior index ( n) at the higher PVA incorporation levels. The morphological studies by SEM images revealed that the PVA/SSG nanofibers were produced without bead defects within the diameter range of 130–300 nm. The in vitro degradation tests showed that the PVA/SSG nanofibers (at different SSG contents) were degraded by approx. 60–70% of their initial weight after one day of the degradation test. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus microbial species and biodegradation tests also verified that the produced nanofibers could be implemented for antibacterial applications. The SSG polymer in the form of nanofibers can be, therefore, used as a natural and low-cost polymer for special antibacterial applications such as wound healing.
Euler-Euler numerical simulations of upward turbulent bubbly flows in vertical pipes with low-Reynolds-number model
Authors: Raković Milan , Radenković Darko , Ćoćić Aleksandar , Lečić Milan
Published: April 2022

In this work, numerical simulations of upward turbulent bubbly flows in vertical pipes are conducted in the Euler-Euler framework with a low-Reynolds-number (LRN) model for liquid. It is found that the existing correlation for the drag coefficient of a single bubble in a shear flow, which has been successfully used along with the high-Reynolds-number (HRN) models, cannot be used with the LRN model. The reason is that drag forces of bubbles calculated using such correlation are enormous in near-wall cells (order of [Formula: see text]), which causes a divergence of numerical simulations with LRN. Therefore, a modified correlation for the drag coefficient of a single bubble in shear flow, that can be used successfully with the LRN model, has been proposed. The results of numerical simulations, performed with a new correlation for the drag coefficient, are analysed and compared to selected experimental measurements for different pipe diameters and different flow conditions of gas and liquid. It is shown that the largest effect of the application of the new correlation for the drag coefficient of a single bubble in shear flow in numerical simulations can be achieved on the reduction of the relative velocity between gas and liquid. The degree of this reduction depends on the pipe diameter and liquid volumetric flux.
An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of ionic liquids based on a bridged dicationic moiety
Authors: Zafar Anham , Evans Tim , Palgrave Robert G , ud-Din Imtiaz-
Published: April 2022

A series of imidazolium and pyridinium-based bridged dicationic ionic liquids have been analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The different electronic environments of the dications have been investigated and a robust fitting model for the carbon C1s region has also been developed. The relative positions of different C1s components and N1s of dications have been determined and their complex C1s photoemission spectra produced from both aromatic and aliphatic carbon states giving photoemission peaks in the binding energy range of 289.0–283.9 eV. A contemporary fitting approach has been applied to a different set of environments which allowing comparison of the binding energies of cationic components of imidazolium and pyridinium-based dicationic ionic liquids. The experimental stoichiometry of all the carbons and nitrogens have also been calculated from XP spectra of the dicationic ionic liquids.
Association of prostate size with capsule thickness and glandular epithelial cell density: The possible clinical implications on prostate cancer development
Authors: Sellers Jake , Ward Ellen , Weaver Preston , Garza John , Brandi Luis , de Riese Werner TW
Published: April 2022

Objective:

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) are the two most common urologic diseases in aging males. The negative association between prostate/BPH size and incidence of PCa is well documented in the literature. However, the exact mechanism is not well understood. This study aims to further investigate the possible effect of prostate volume on prostate capsule thickness and glandular cell density in the prostatic peripheral zone (PZ).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 patients were selected that had undergone radical prostatectomy with prostate sizes ranging from 20 to 160 mL. Quantitative measurements of capsule thickness and density of epithelial glands within the peripheral zone not affected by cancer were analysed and calculated on histo-anatomical slides using computer-based imaging software. Associations between the different variables were calculated using Spearman correlation with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results:

In the non-cancerous areas of the PZ, prostate volume and average capsule thickness are positively associated ( rs = +0.6526, 95% CI +0.5233 to +0.7526, p < 0.0001), while prostate volume and average glandular epithelial cell density of the PZ are negatively associated ( rs = −0.6011, 95% CI −0.7133 to −0.4589, p < 0.0001). These associations remain consistent on subgroup analysis.

Conclusion:

The findings of this study support the hypothesis that transition zone (TZ) growth in large BPH prostates may cause pressure on the outer PZ, leading to fibrosis and atrophy of the glandular tissue. This may provide a protective effect against PCa, as most PCa originates in the PZ of the prostate.

Level of evidence:

Not applicable
A 12-year experience in the management of traumatic bladder rupture at an Australian level 1 trauma centre
Authors: Yao Henry H. , Fletcher Jan , Grummet Jeremy , Royce Peter L. , Fitzgerald Mark , Hanegbi Uri
Published: April 2022

Objective:

To review the contemporary bladder trauma epidemiology, diagnosis and management over a 12-year period at a level 1 trauma centre in Australia.

Patients and Methods:

From July 2001 through June 2013, 97 multi-trauma patients at a level 1 trauma centre in Australia were identified to have sustained bladder rupture. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, management and complications were extracted from the TraumaNET database, medical records and health-coding database.

Results:

Of the 97 patients, 98% of bladder ruptures resulted from blunt trauma mostly from road accidents. There was a male preponderance of 64%. Intra-peritoneal bladder rupture (51%) was the most common type of injury followed by extra-peritoneal bladder ruptures (42%) and combined intra- and extra-peritoneal bladder ruptures (7%). Concomitant pelvic fractures occurred in 78% of patients and concurrent intra-abdominal injuries in 68%. Initial imaging missed 28% of bladder ruptures, with computed tomography with intravenous contrast missing 65% of bladder ruptures. The majority of intra-peritoneal bladder ruptures and 56% of extra-peritoneal bladder ruptures were repaired surgically, with 83% of repairs performed in conjunction with another surgical procedure. The in-hospital mortality rate was 9%, and all deaths were due to concomitant injuries.

Conclusion:

Traumatic bladder rupture is associated with a 9% mortality rate due to the frequently associated significant concurrent injuries. Computed tomography cystogram or plain cystogram is the imaging modality of choice in diagnosing bladder rupture. Intra-peritoneal bladder ruptures should be repaired surgically, while extra-peritoneal bladder ruptures can be treated conservatively in selected patients. The timing of surgical repair should be coordinated with other specialties.

Level of evidence:

4
Predictors of Intention to Vaccinate Against COVID-19 in a Peruvian Sample
Authors: Morales-García Wilter C. , Huancahuire-Vega Salomón , Saintila Jacksaint , Morales-García Mardel , Fernández-Molocho Lili , Ruiz Mamani Percy G.
Published: April 2022

Background:

Vaccination against COVID-19 is considered one of the most effective strategies to control this global public health crisis. However, vaccine hesitancy is one of the main threats to mitigating the pandemic. The present study aimed to identify predictors of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 in 3 geographical regions of Peru.

Methods:

An online analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Participants were selected by non-probability convenience sampling and size was estimated using the online statistical calculator proposed by Soper. A total of 529 Peruvian nationals completed the questionnaires. Student’s t-test and Fisher’s F test (ANOVA) were used. A significance level of .05 was considered.

Results:

Face-to-face work (β = 2.037, P < .001), fear of COVID-19 (β = .461, P < .001), vaccine confidence (β = 2.881, P < .001) and trust in health care institutions (β = .432, P < .01) predict a higher intention to receive the vaccine. However, the variables perception of a worldwide conspiracy (β = −1.900, P < .001), and practice Protestant religion (β = −2.274, P < .001) predict negatively their acceptance.

Conclusion:

Several positive predictors of intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 have been identified. However, having a perception of a global conspiracy and practice Protestant religion are shown to be risk variables for vaccine acceptance. Therefore, there is a need to develop strategies to ensure high uptake and success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns.
An Empirical Investigation of the Higher Educational Institutions’ Attractiveness as an Employer
Authors: Prakash Chand , Yadav Ritu , Singh Amardeep , Aarti
Published: April 2022

In this competitive global market, where organisations struggle to attract the best talent, providing a unique employer value proposition (EVP), educational sector does not lag behind other sectors. In this study, the researchers tried to identify the dimensions of employer brand attractiveness among higher educational institutions’ potential faculty members. Furthermore, this study compares higher educational institutions’ attractiveness dimensions as employers among potential faculty members based on gender. A sample of 250 potential faculty members of higher educational institutions has been drawn from the national capital region (NCR), India. Confirmatory factor analysis and independent-sample t-test has been used to attain the objectives of the study. The study highlighted that economic value, social value, developmental value, interest value and application value significantly contribute to higher educational intuitions’ employer attractiveness. Furthermore, the independent sample t-test showed a significant difference among male and female potential employees of higher education institutions based on application value. The remaining dimensions, namely economic, social, developmental and interest, do not significantly differ. The study will help the management of higher educational institutions frame their unique EVP to attract quality academic talent.
Striving for Inclusion of Diverse Employees: How Important is the Context?
Authors: Saqib Zunaira , Khan Maria
Published: April 2022

Organisations are making efforts to enhance diversity and become inclusive, yet there is little agreement on what leads an organisation to become inclusive. This article explores how organisations become inclusive through certain policies, practices, and behaviours. We conducted this study on a multinational subsidiary based in Pakistan with its parent company headquartered in Europe. Single case study methodology was used along with semi-structured interviews to gather in-depth data. Our findings suggest that inclusive organisations and inclusion can be considered relative concepts based on the context. An effort to find standardised policies, practices and behaviours to create inclusive organisations may not be possible. Organisations may be considered inclusive in the context that they operate in. The study strongly demonstrates the need to further refine the concept of inclusive organisations especially in light of societal context. The study serves as a valuable point of discussion in understanding how local operating context is balanced with international transfer of human resource (HR) practices. Our study contributes to diversity and inclusion literature through discussing behavioural and procedural elements that contribute towards building an inclusive workplace in a non-western context.
Response to Mesalamine Therapy in Pediatric Collagenous Gastritis and Colitis: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Mishra Ankit , Chung Joon , Mani Haresh , Serrano Mariastella
Published: April 2022

Collagenous gastritis and collagenous colitis are 2 rare gastrointestinal disorders in pediatric patients. Both of these disease processes exist on a clinical spectrum, and are extremely rare to be present together in the pediatric population. Due to the rarity and unknown etiology of these disease processes, standardized treatment protocols and objective clinical biomarkers of disease progression are missing. This is the first report to describe a 16 year old female with CG and CC who responded well to mesalamine therapy, evident by decreasing calprotectin levels after initiation of therapy.
Disparities in Loss from COVID-19: Comparing across and among First- and Second-Generation Latinx and Asian Adults
Authors: Moinester Margot , Schachter Ariela , Siegrist Ella
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 900,000 deaths in the United States, disproportionately affecting racial and ethnic minorities. The pandemic is likely leading to disparate experiences of loss, though little research to date has examined disparities in experiences of loss from COVID-19. Drawing on a nationally representative survey of 6,000 first- and second-generation Latinx and Asian adults carried out in April and May 2021, this study reveals sharp disparities between and within ethnoracial groups in the United States in the experience of losing household members or close family and friends to COVID-19. Latinx adults were 1.65 times more likely than Asian adults to experience the loss of a loved one from COVID-19 (38 percent vs. 23 percent). First- and second-generation Indian Americans experienced disproportionately high rates of loss relative to other Asian Americans (33 percent). Looking both across and within ethnoracial categories is critical for understanding how the pandemic has compounded preexisting disadvantage.
La Machine: Obstetric Phantoms of Madame Du Coudray … Back to the Roots
Authors: Scharf Jann Lennard , Bringewatt Arne , Dracopoulos Christoph , Rody Achim , Weichert Jan , Gembicki Michael
Published: April 2022

For 300 years now, obstetrics has drawn on the concept of simulation training to not only teach anatomy and physiology theoretically, but to literally infuse it practically. In an 18th century scientific culture, which was predominantly patriarchal, the French royal midwife Angelique Marguerite Le Boursier du Coudray excelled in this field. Using La Machine, one of the first obstetric phantoms, she taught thousands of midwives and even physicians. The exponential increase in publications on obstetric simulations in recent years continues to underline their current relevance, and Madame du Coudray was once at the forefront with her mannequin, probably the most sophisticated phantom of its time, a symbiosis of practical-robust architecture and anatomical-theoretical accuracy. In retrospect, it is therefore worthwhile to take a closer look at this pioneer and her obstetric phantoms, applied in the first national simulation-based training course, and to evaluate them in the overall picture of the development of anatomically correct replicas for practice-oriented training with detailed, flexible exercise – back to the roots.