bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decentralized and permission-less green energy certificates with GECKO
Authors: Knirsch Fabian , Brunner Clemens , Unterweger Andreas , Engel Dominik
Published: February 2020

A growing demand in sustainable energy harvested from renewable resources, such as wind or solar power, leads to new challenges in the electricity grid, which in future is also referred to as the smart grid. This also reflects in a more decentralized and diverse energy market. In such a market, prices do not only depend on production and demand, but also the source of energy production influences the price. In this paper, we present a decentralized and permission-less system for issuing, receiving and verifying Green Energy Certificates for kWh Ownership (GECKO) similar to the established Renewable Energy Certificates or Green Tags. These certificates allow to create a market for renewable energy. While the established system is designed for the wholesale market and does not allow for decentralized and permission-less verification, the proposed system is built on a blockchain-based approach and allows for the management and transfer of certificates. In our exemplary use case, Distribution System Operators (DSO) act as certification authority for privately or community owned power plants in regional energy markets. Customers can easily verify the integrity of such certificates without relying on a trusted third party or escrow service.
Biochemical characterization of micropropagated Ceratonia siliqua L. under effect of growth regulators and light quality
Authors: Sayed Sawsan S. , Gabr A. M. M. , Amin Mona A. , Taha Lobna S.
Published: February 2020

Background

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is one of the important crops in terms of nutritional and medicinal value in the countries of Western Asia and North Africa. Despite the fact that some countries have used Carob in traditional medicines, the modern food industry began to discover the great potential of this plant which differentiates with antioxidant capacity as well as other important medicinal activities. Some of very few studies that have been reported on this important plant were published.

Methodology

In the present study, micropropagation behavior and biochemical constituents of Ceratonia siliqua L. cultured on MS medium supplemented with different types and concentrations of cytokinins (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg/l BA, Kin, or TDZ and 0.2 mg/l NAA) under various light qualities ((white, green, blue, red, and yellow) were examined.

Results

MS culture medium supplemented with BA produced the highest shootlets number/explants. For light quality, the data showed that green light increased shootlet number/explants, fresh and dry weights. However, yellow light increased shootlet length and leaves number and also caused significant increase in total phenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) as compared to other lights. HPLC analysis showed that yellow light caused the highest accumulation of total phenolic and catechin that were the highest accumulated compounds (509 μg/ml) followed by that were accumulated under green light (412.68 μg/ml). Shootlets grown under white light (control) gave the highest accumulation of p-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid, and cinnamic acid. Shootlets grown under blue light gave the highest accumulation of gentisic acid and syringic acid. Red light caused the highest accumulation of vanillic acid. However, white light accumulated the highest amount of flavonoid compounds comparing with other light qualities.

Conclusion

This study had reached to optimize a suitable micropropagation protocol of Ceratonia siliqua L. and characterization of biochemical constituents that can be beneficial for increasing its medical value which will help in food industries for commercial purposes.
Sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs in a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system in the Qinhuangdao area, Bohai Sea, China
Authors: Xue Yongan , Niu Chengmin , Xu Wei , Pang Xiaojun , Zhang Li
Published: February 2020

Mixed siliciclastic-carbonate sediments occur broadly in modern and ancient systems. Studies on mixing processes began in shallow shelf environments; however, the genetic model of marine mixed sediments is difficult to apply to continental rift basins due to the complex palaeogeographic environment. We identified three mixing types in the first and second members of the Palaeogene Shahejie Formation (E2s1–2) in the Qinhuangdao area of the Bohai Sea: (1) mixed fan delta, (2) retrogradation mixed sheet, and (3) mixed sheet without siliciclastic influx. Tectonic stability, arid climate, and saline lakes are prerequisite conditions for the development of mixed sediments, whereas the palaeogeomorphologic unit should be the critical factor. We also concluded that the primary sedimentary material contains near-source coarse terrestrial debris, and the advantageous lithologic facies producing biological components are the foundation for high-quality mixed reservoirs, which are characterized by thick layers and favorable porosities and permeabilities. The micritic coatings and early dolomitization against the background of a saline lake environment favored the preservation of primary pores, whereas the leaching by atmospheric water and organic acid erosion during thermal evolution of the source rock created many secondary pores. In addition, hydrocarbon charging protected the reservoir space from carbonate cementation.
Antitumor Activity and Safety of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Patients With HER2-Low–Expressing Advanced Breast Cancer: Results From a Phase Ib Study
Authors: Modi Shanu , Park Haeseong , Murthy Rashmi K. , Iwata Hiroji , Tamura Kenji , Tsurutani Junji , Moreno-Aspitia Alvaro , Doi Toshihiko , Sagara Yasuaki , Redfern Charles , Krop Ian E. , Lee Caleb , Fujisaki Yoshihiko , Sugihara Masahiro , Zhang Lin , Shahidi Javad , Takahashi Shunji
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd, formerly DS-8201a) is a novel human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted antibody drug conjugate (ADC) with a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload. A dose escalation and expansion phase I study evaluated the safety and activity of T-DXd in patients with advanced HER2-expressing/mutated solid tumors. Here, results for T-DXd at the recommended doses for expansion (RDE) in patients with HER2-low (immunohistochemistry [IHC] 1+ or IHC 2+/in situ hybridization−) breast cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02564900 ) are reported.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Eligible patients had advanced/metastatic HER2-low–expressing breast cancer refractory to standard therapies. The RDE of 5.4 or 6.4 mg/kg T-DXd were administered intravenously once every 3 weeks until withdrawal of consent, unacceptable toxicity, or progressive disease. Antitumor activity and safety were assessed.

RESULTS

Between August 2016 and August 2018, 54 patients were enrolled and received ≥ 1 dose of T-DXd at the RDE. Patients were extensively pretreated (median, 7.5 prior therapies). The confirmed objective response rate by independent central review was 20/54 (37.0%; 95% CI, 24.3% to 51.3%) with median duration of response of 10.4 months (95% CI, 8.8 month to not evaluable). Most patients (53/54; 98.1%) experienced ≥ 1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE; grade ≥ 3; 34/54; 63.0%). Common (≥ 5%) grade ≥ 3 TEAEs included decreases in neutrophil, platelet, and WBC counts; anemia; hypokalemia; AST increase; decreased appetite; and diarrhea. Three patients treated at 6.4 mg/kg suffered fatal events associated with T-DXd–induced interstitial lung disease (ILD)/pneumonitis as determined by an independent adjudication committee.

CONCLUSION

The novel HER2-targeted ADC, T-DXd, demonstrated promising preliminary antitumor activity in patients with HER2-low breast cancer. Most toxicities were GI or hematologic in nature. ILD is an important identified risk and should be monitored closely and proactively managed.
Management of Male Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline
Authors: Hassett Michael J. , Somerfield Mark R. , Baker Elisha R. , Cardoso Fatima , Kansal Kari J. , Kwait Dylan C. , Plichta Jennifer K. , Ricker Charité , Roshal Anna , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Safer Joshua D. , Van Poznak Catherine , Yung Rachel L. , Giordano Sharon H.
Published: February 2020

PURPOSE

To develop recommendations concerning the management of male breast cancer.

METHODS

ASCO convened an Expert Panel to develop recommendations based on a systematic review and a formal consensus process.

RESULTS

Twenty-six descriptive reports or observational studies met eligibility criteria and formed the evidentiary basis for the recommendations.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Many of the management approaches used for men with breast cancer are like those used for women. Men with hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who are candidates for adjuvant endocrine therapy should be offered tamoxifen for an initial duration of five years; those with a contraindication to tamoxifen may be offered a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist plus aromatase inhibitor. Men who have completed five years of tamoxifen, have tolerated therapy, and still have a high risk of recurrence may be offered an additional five years of therapy. Men with early-stage disease should not be treated with bone-modifying agents to prevent recurrence, but could still receive these agents to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Men with advanced or metastatic disease should be offered endocrine therapy as first-line therapy, except in cases of visceral crisis or rapidly progressive disease. Targeted systemic therapy may be used to treat advanced or metastatic cancer using the same indications and combinations offered to women. Ipsilateral annual mammogram should be offered to men with a history of breast cancer treated with lumpectomy regardless of genetic predisposition; contralateral annual mammogram may be offered to men with a history of breast cancer and a genetic predisposing mutation. Breast magnetic resonance imaging is not recommended routinely. Genetic counseling and germline genetic testing of cancer predisposition genes should be offered to all men with breast cancer.
Many-body localization in generalized Kondo lattice with disorder
Authors: Cao Ye , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2020

We study the many-body localization transition in a one-dimensional generalized Kondo lattice, where a one-dimensional Hubbard chain with disordered spin-orbit coupling interacts with a fixed impurity of spin

. Using exact diagonalization, we characterize the many-body localized transition with entanglement entropy and energy spectrum distribution. We find that although the subsystem of the impurity is free of disorder, it can still be localized in the spin space by the coupling with the Hubbard chain. We also investigate the out-of-time-order correlation in the many-body localized phase, and find distinctive features in comparison to either the thermal state or the Anderson localized state. Our scheme can be realized in experiments with ultracold fermions of alkaline-earth–like atoms near an orbital Feshbach resonance.
Room-Temperature Activation of Methane and Direct Formations of Acetic Acid and Methanol on Zn-ZSM-5 Zeolite: A Mechanistic DFT Study
Authors: Mahyuddin Muhammad Haris , Tanaka Seiya , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari
Published: February 2020

Zn-ZSM-5 zeolite is a promising catalyst that activates methane at room temperature without the need of a high-temperature pre-oxidation step, which is required for Fe- and Cu-ZSM-5 to form Fe- and Cu-oxo active sites. While two distinct structures of Zn active site, namely [Zn–O–Zn]2+ and Zn2+, were experimentally proposed, the mechanism of how the C–H bond of methane is cleaved is still an intense debate. In addition, the mechanism for moderate-temperature formation of acetic acid by CO2 insertion to the CH4-reacted Zn-ZSM-5 is unclear and the possibility of methanol formation in the presence of an oxidant has never been explored. In the present study, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the periodic structure of Zn-ZSM-5 zeolite to investigate and clarify these issues. We found that the C–H bond of methane is preferably cleaved on the mononuclear Zn2+ active site through a heterolytic, non-radical mechanism, where the resultant CH3 is bound to the Zn center (Zn–CH3) in the closed-shell singlet state. A good agreement with the reported experimental C–H activation barrier is achieved and plausible mechanisms for the CO2 insertion to and N2O decomposition on the Zn–CH3 bond forming acetic acid and methanol, respectively, are discussed. This study provides a theoretical prediction of an alternative metal-exchanged zeolite catalyst for the low-temperature continuous process of methane selective oxidation to methanol.
The Impact of Pairing a Wearable Movement Tracker with an Online Community Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Wilson Kathryn E. , Harden Samantha M. , Kleppe Lia , McGuire Todd , Estabrooks Paul A.
Published: February 2020

Evidence supports the use of technology-supported multicomponent interventions for promoting weight loss. Many such programs include the opportunity to synchronously pair commercially available physical activity trackers (PA-T) with a goal to enhance weight loss outcomes. However, little is known about the reach and effectiveness of allowing participants to pair a PA-T within an existing online program. This matched cohort, quasiexperimental study aimed to determine 1) the proportion of participants that pair a PA-T to the existing program; 2) the representativeness of participants who pair a PA-T; 3) the relationship between pairing a PA-T, overall weight loss, and the likelihood of achieving a clinically meaningful weight loss; and 4) if pairing a PA-T with program participation is related to weight loss outcomes independently or collectively when considering other indices of program engagement. Data collected over a 4-yr period included demographic self-report, objective weight data uploaded when participants weighed themselves at a self-serve program kiosk available to the community, and program engagement data (e.g., logins to program website). A range of analyses, including descriptive proportions, analyses of variance, and path analyses, were used to address the purposes of the study. Participants who paired a PA-T were more likely to be women (P < 0.001), African American (P < 0.001), and have a higher BMI (P < 0.05). Those who paired a PA-T lost on average an extra 1% body weight and were 1.4 times more likely to lose 5% body weight. Pairing a PA-T was related to other indices of online program engagement and both directly and indirectly contributed to weight loss outcomes (P < 0.05). Pairing a PA-T within an online weight loss program appeals to groups that experience disparities related to obesity and predicts improvements in weight loss. More translational studies are needed to examine the role of personal psychosocial and environmental factors that may enhance or diminish the benefit of pairing a PA-T to evidence-based, online weight loss programs.
Evaluation of radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy and concurrent radiotherapy, chemotherapy in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with brain metastasis
Authors: Sun Yanfeng , Guo Xiaohui , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Wenqian , Zuo Yuqin
Published: February 2020

Objective: To compare and analyze the clinical efficacy of brain radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy and concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with brain metastasis.

Methods: Fifty-eight patients with NSCLC with brain metastasis who were admitted to our hospital between October 2016 and October 2017 were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group, 29 cases in each group. The control group was treated with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while the observation group was treated with whole brain radiotherapy plus targeted therapy. The disease control rate, adverse reactions and survival condition were compared between the two groups.

Results: The disease control rate of the observation group was 68.97%, significantly higher than 41.38% of the control group (P<0.05); the total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 6.90%, significantly lower than 24.14% of the control group (P<0.05); the median survival time of the observation group was (16.81±5.32) months, significantly longer than that of the control group ((9.76±3.25) months). The one-year and two-year survival rates in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion: Whole brain radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy is superior to concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC with brain metastasis and has high safety. It can effectively prolong the life span of patients and is worth clinical promotion and application.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1626

How to cite this:Sun Y, Guo X, Zhang L, Zhang W, Zuo Y. Evaluation of radiotherapy combined with targeted therapy and concurrent radiotherapy, chemotherapy in the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with brain metastasis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):322-326.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1626

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Death in digital spaces: social practices and narratives
Authors: Graikousi Stefania , Sideri Maria
Published: February 2020

Purpose: In post-modern society, Internet and social media mediate between daily life processes such as death, establishing new forms of social interaction among social actors and creating new norms. The creation of digital cemeteries and the usage of the services they offer by Internet users, the conversion of a deceased person’s Facebook profile into a profile “Remembering” or the replacement of a user's profile photo by a black background in cases of grieving, demonstrate emphatically the new dimensions that the event of death takes on Internet and social media, leading to the building of a public experience, despite the fact that in Western societies death is considered to be a private affair.Methods: This paper based on an in-depth review of the literature deals with death as an event mediated by new technologies, since Internet and social media have given the opportunity for new narratives about the experience of death and have contributed to the emergence of new social practices.Conclusions: Users’ interaction in digital environments, on the account of death, generates new broader social relationships, while the operating terms of digital media enable the emergence of new death-related practices that probably substitute traditional rituals, having though the same purpose. At the same time, the continuing presence of the deceased in the digital world ensures a form of "immortality" for him/her, even if not preselected, while at the same time it seems to contribute to the maintenance of a relationship between the living and the deceased.
ICT and Cultural Heritage in Greece and Cyprus: A critical overview of current postgraduate curricula
Authors: Catapoti Despina , Nikolaou Polina , Andriopoulou Despina
Published: February 2020

One of the most fundamental shifts in the cultural heritage sector, is to be found at the intersection established over the past years, between heritage management and the rapidly growing field of digital technology. In the wake of these developments, the striking majority of professionals in the heritage sector are faced with the challenge of integrating ICT technologies in various workings, functions and purposes of their field (i.e. preservation, restoration, recording, analysis, interpretation, publication, exhibition). At the same time, digital technologies are becoming an integral part of cultural management (project management, event management, collection management etc) but also of cultural communication and public outreach. The analytical significance of this project stems mainly from the fact that it constitutes the first systematized attempt to chart (both quantitatively and qualitatively) all postgraduate programs of study on cultural heritage that are available at present across Departments and Universities in both Greece and Cyprus. The combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis of heritage studies curricula in both countriesalso provides us with an elaborated and refined picture of the professional skills promoted by different academic curricula as regards ICT skills and their implementation in heritage studies. As such, this mapping enterprise can be a useful tool for analytically appreciating the connection between curriculum content andjob requirements and by extension, act as a starting point for creating a sustainable model of synergy between heritage studies and ICT in Greece and Cyprus for the next decades.
Women in the shadows in the movies of yavuz turgu
Authors: Esen Halim , Yılmaz Ezgi
Published: February 2020

One of the most basic aspects of storytelling is «conflict”. This aspect is considered, while telling a story in a movie. The conflict between men and women is often used. However, even though there are many movies where the protagonist is a woman, usually the main part of the story and the conflict is a man. The movies of Yavuz Turgul, one of the most successful directors in Turkish cinema, both with their stories and the detailed characters in those stories, have earned are preferred by Turkish audience. Turgul generally portrayed subjects, such as a longing for the past, friendship, change in the society though his characters, who we can never forget and while doing this he has used a male main character in every movie, leaving the female characters more in the background. Since these are what come to mind when the movies of Yavuz Turgul are mentioned, the studies that have been made have been about this too. However, in addition to this, the existence of female characters, who try to make themselves heard thought their silence, play a big part in the broader story and must be also studied. This study will focus on some of the main topics of Turgul such as male friendship and manhood, and specifically on the cause of the silent women and through historical and feminist methods, using the movies Muhsin Bey, Eşkiya, Gönül Yarası, attepmt to find out where women belong in the stories of Yavuz Turgul.
Chiral symmetries in nuclear physics
Authors: Zschiesche D. , Papazoglou P. , Schramm S. , Beckmann W. Ch. , Schaffner-Bielich J. , Stöcker H. , Greiner W.
Published: February 2020

In this report the theoretical concepts of a chirally symmetric meson field theory are reviewed and an overview of the most relevant applications in nuclear physics is given. This includes a unified description of the vacuum properties of hadrons, finite nuclei and hot, dense and strange nuclear matter in an extended chiral SU(3)_L x SU(3)_R σ-ω model.
Fundamental nuclear structure symmetries in double beta decay processes
Authors: Civitarese O.
Published: February 2020

The nuclear structure physics of double beta decay transitions is reviewed starting from the consideration of fundamental symmetries of the nuclear many body problem. The problems found in the use of the Quasiparticle Random Phase Approximation (QRPA) and related approximations, in dealing with the calculation of nuclear double beta decay observables, are understood in terms of the mixing between isospin collective and intrinsic variables.
Actual problems of taxation of individuals
Authors: Sil'vestrova Tamara , Gurova Slavyana , Aleksandrova Nataliya , Ulybina Larisa , Shipeev Yakov
Published: February 2020

The textbook is the result of research by the authors to the problems of taxation of individuals, whose goal was to develop theoretical principles and practical recommendations aimed at improving taxation of incomes and property of physical persons in the Russian Federation.
Discusses current changes in tax legislation in the sphere of tax deductions provided under the tax to incomes of physical persons; analyses the controversial issues of granting such deductions, and suggests ways to resolve them.
Meets the requirements of Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation for master's training direction 38.04.01 "Economy".
Addressed to undergraduates, postgraduates, University professors, scientific workers, employees of tax authorities and other state employees, as well as to anyone interested in the problems of modern taxation.
Models and intelligent systems
Authors: Odincov Boris
Published: February 2020

The monograph consists of three chapters, the first of which outlines the theoretical foundations of intelligent information systems. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the term "model" as the intended meaning depends on the understanding of the material. Introduces and examines the new concepts such as the associative and intuitive knowledge while in the creation of intellectual information systems are not used.
The second Chapter contains the analysis of problems of development of artificial intelligence (AI), developed in two directions: classical and statistical. Discusses difficulties in the development of the classical approach, associated with identifying the meaning of words, phrases, text, and formulating thoughts. The analysis of problems arising in the play of imagination and insight, machine understanding of natural language texts, play, verbalization and reflection.
The third Chapter contains examples of the development of intelligent information systems and technologies in practice of management of economic objects. Theoretical bases of construction of information robots designed to support the task hierarchy of the knowledge base and generating control regulations. The technology of their creation and application in the management of the business efficiency of enterprise business processes and its investment activities.
Focused on researchers and developers, AI and intelligent information systems, as well as graduate students and faculty in related academic disciplines.
Protection of the rights of persons with disabilities
Authors: Shuvalova Irina
Published: February 2020

The manual contains all the necessary information and covers a wide range of issues often experienced by persons with disabilities. Concepts and categories in the sphere of protection of rights of persons with disabilities, taking into account especially the protection of the rights of children with disabilities and their families, for examples, gives practical recommendations.
Covers all aspects of current legislation as at 1 October 2019.
Addressed to all those interested in the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities.
The Court of Cyrus the Younger in Anatolia: Some Remarks
Authors: Michał Podrazik
Published: February 2020

Cyrus the Younger (born in 424/423 BC, died in 401 BC), son of the Great King Darius II (424/423-404 BC) and Queen Parysatis, is well known from his activity in Anatolia. In 408 BC he took power there as a karanos (Old Persian *kārana-, Greek κάρανος), a governor of high rank with extensive military and political competence reporting directly to the Great King. Holding his power in Anatolia, Cyrus had his own court there, in many respects modeled after the Great King’s court. The aim of this article is to show some aspects of functioning and organization of Cyrus the Younger’s court in Anatolia.
The Blocked-out Capitals from the Area of the Agora of Amathous, Cyprus
Authors: Brzozowska-Jawornicka Aleksandra
Published: February 2020

The subject of the paper is to present the so-called blockedout capitals excavated in Amathous related to, among others, Nabataean capitals type 1. The analyzed pieces constitute fragments of several different capitals belonging to supports of various types and scales once being parts of presently unknown buildings erected in the vicinity of Agora and in the area of the domestic dwellings west of the Agora. Most probably all of the fragments were parts of simplified capitals derived from Corinthian ones.
Changing attitudes toward maggot debridement therapy in wound treatment: a review and discussion
Authors: King Camille
Published: February 2020

Maggot debridement therapy is the real-time placement of maggots into a wound by health professionals for the treatment of diabetic ulcers or hard-to-heal wounds infected with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Maggot debridement therapy shortens healing and disinfects wounds. This paper is a literature review of maggot debridement therapy in the clinical setting today and addresses the costs and benefits of this therapy. It includes recommendations to engage healthcare providers and increase awareness of this therapeutic treatment. A case study is presented on the use of maggot therapy for full debridement of a necrotic wound and clearing of a meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. There is also discussion on how to engage healthcare workers and reduce anxieties about the use of maggots as a treatment for hard-to-heal wounds. Education and awareness are the key factors in changing healthcare workers attitudes to maggot debridement therapy.
Hormone replacement therapy: update and practical prescribing
Authors: Noble Nikki
Published: February 2020

Menopause is a physiological event of ovarian failure due to a loss of ovarian follicular activity. This leads to a lack of oestrogen, resulting in the cessation of menstruation and loss of reproductive function. This article discusses the symptoms of menopause and treatment with hormone replacement therapy. This includes practical prescribing, side effects and long term benefits and risks. The current shortages of hormone replacement therapy are also addressed. The aim of this article is to enable healthcare professionals to define menopause and gain an understanding of the symptoms associated with it. After reading this article you should be able to: describe when peri-menopause and menopause occur, describe the common symptoms that may be experienced during peri-menopause and menopause, understand of the hormones used in hormone replacement therapy, and understand the practical prescribing of hormone replacement therapy and the benefits, risks, contraindications and side-effects.
Coparenting and Child Outcomes in Families of Children Previously Identified With Developmental Delay
Authors: Rosencrans Margaret , McIntyre Laura Lee
Published: February 2020

The current study explored cross-sectional relations between coparenting quality and child problem behaviors, as measured by parent report and direct observation, in families of school-aged children previously identified with a developmental delay in early childhood. Parents' reports of difficulty with coparenting problems predicted child problem behaviors. For primary caregivers, parenting self-efficacy mediated the relation between coparenting quality and problem behaviors. Observed undermining behavior significantly positively predicted child appropriate behavior across specific tasks and observed partner support behavior significantly negatively predicted child appropriate behavior across specific tasks. Discussion focuses on the clinical significance of these findings and future research directions.
Advancing Knowledge of Down Syndrome Brain Development and Function With Human Stem Cells
Authors: Bhattacharyya Anita
Published: February 2020

Our bodies are made up of over 250 specific cell types, and all initially arise from stem cells during embryonic development. Stem cells have two characteristics that make them unique: (1) they are pluripotent, meaning that they can differentiate into all cell types of the body, and (2) they are capable of self-renewal to generate more of themselves and are thus able to populate an organism. Human pluripotent stem cells were first isolated from human embryos twenty years ago (Thomson et al., 1998) and more recently, technology to reprogram somatic cells, such as skin and blood, to induced pluripotent stem cells has emerged (Park et al., 2008; Takahashi et al., 2007; Yu et al., 2007). Induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPSCs, are particularly valuable as disease specific iPSCs can be generated from individuals with specific genetic mutations diseases. Researchers have harnessed the power of stem cells to understand many aspects of developmental biology in model organisms (e.g. worms, mice) and more recently, in humans. Human stem cells in culture recapitulate development. For example, formation of the brain occurs prenatally and follows a specific pattern of timing and cell generation. Human stem cells in the culture dish follow a similar pattern when exposed to developmental cues and can thus be used to understand aspects of prenatal human brain development that are not accessible by other means. Disease-specific iPSCs are a valuable tool to model neural development in specific neurodevelopmental disorders like Down syndrome. Down syndrome is a classic developmental disorder; mistakes that are made during development of a particular organ system result in the characteristics of the disorder. In the brain, mistakes during prenatal brain development lead to intellectual disability. Trisomy 21 (Ts21) iPSCs generated from somatic cells of Down syndrome individuals may enable us to understand the mistakes made during Down syndrome brain development.
Stitching sub-aperture in digital holography based on machine learning
Authors: Pan Feng , Dong Bin , Xiao Wen , Ferraro Pietro
Published: February 2020

Sub-aperture stitching in digital holography (DH) is a very important issue both for the spatial resolution improvement as well as for measuring larger aperture through synthetic enlargement of numerical aperture. In fact, sub-apertures stitching permits to greatly expand the capabilities of optical metrology thus allowing to accurately measure complex optical surfaces such as large spherical and aspheric. Stitching operations can be difficult and cumbersome depending on geometric parameters of specific objects under test. However, here we show that machine learning can definitively aid this process. In fact, here we propose for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a novel sub-aperture stitching approach based on machine learning applied to an array of different phase-maps sub-apertures recorded by an off-axis digital holographic systems. Essentially, we construct a network according to computation model of sub-aperture stitching and remove the alignment errors and system aberration of sub-aperture maps by training the network. Correct measurement of the surface topography of hemisphere surface is demonstrated thus validating the proposed learning approach. Reported results demonstrate that machine learning can be a useful tool for simplifying the process and for making it a reliable and accurate tool in optical metrology.
Directional bending sensor based on triangular shaped fiber Bragg gratings
Authors: Koo Bonyong , Kim Dae-Hyun
Published: February 2020

We propose a directional bending sensor by mechanically bonded FBGs in a radially placed triangular shape to measure the bending moment and its applied direction. Bending measurement and the determination of its direction is essential to get the maximum bending stress and to figure out the deflection shape by the curvature information in a wide range of engineering applications. The proposed sensor configuration is original in terms of a pointwise sensing scheme based on the mechanically bonded scheme of three optical fibers and its simple fabrication process only using optical fibers. This set-up made of three FBG sensors provides a simple relationship of the bending moment to the independent strain measurement of each FBG. We demonstrate two sensor configurations such as the self-bending measurement and the structural bending measurement in a surface-mount (or embedded) measurement. Through the verification experiments, the proposed bending sensor is successfully shown to measure the applied bending moment and its direction.
Adaptive optics for a time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in vivo
Authors: Coelho Simao , Poland Simon P. , Devauges Viviane , Ameer-Beg Simon M.
Published: February 2020

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) have been coupled with multiphoton microscopy to imagein vivodynamics. However, the increase in optical aberrations as a function of depth significantly reduces the fluorescent signal, spatial resolution, and fluorescence lifetime accuracy. We present the development of a time-resolved FRET-FLIM imaging system with adaptive optics. We demonstrate the improvement of our adaptive optics (AO)-FRET-FLIM instrument over standard multiphoton FRET-FLIM imaging. We validate our approach using fixed cellular samples with FRET standards andin vivowith live imaging in a mouse kidney.
Polarization-controlled bifunctional metasurface for structural color printing and beam deflection
Authors: Huang Yun , Zhu Jia , Jin Shengxiao , Wu Meizhang , Chen Xiaoyu , Wu Wengang
Published: February 2020

We propose a polarization-controlled bifunctional metasurface composed of arrayed trapezoidal nanoantennas. Under orthogonal-polarized incidence, different types of gap-surface plasmons are generated, regulating the intensity and phase, respectively. Thus, structural color printing and beam deflection functions are achieved on a miniaturized chip. The color printing function works from 400 to 800 nm, exhibiting a subwavelength-scale chromatic image with a broad gamut. The beam deflection function works from 360 to 540 nm, mapping light to the first diffraction order with the anomalous angle from 40.4° to 76.6°. The proposed bifunctional metasurface could serve as a key component in integrated optics systems and will find many other wide-ranging applications in optical and biological areas.
Fast reconstruction algorithm for structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Tu Shijie , Liu Qiulan , Liu Xin , Liu Wenjie , Zhang Zhimin , Luo Taojin , Kuang Cuifang , Liu Xu , Hao Xiang
Published: February 2020

Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a powerful technique for providing super-resolution imaging, but its reconstruction algorithm, i.e., linear reconstruction structured illumination microscopy (LRSIM) algorithm in the Fourier domain, limits the imaging speed due to its computational effort. Here, we present a novel reconstruction algorithm that can directly process SIM data in the spatial domain. Compared to LRSIM, this approach uses the same number of frames to achieve a comparable resolution but with a much faster processing speed. Our algorithm was verified on both simulated and experimental data using sinusoidal pattern illumination. Moreover, this algorithm is also applicable for speckle pattern illumination.
Polarization-maintaining and single-mode large mode area pixelated Bragg fiber
Authors: Vanvincq Olivier , Habert Rémi , Cassez Andy , Baudelle Karen , Labat Damien , Delobel Sylvain , Quiquempois Yves , Bouwmans Géraud , Bigot Laurent
Published: February 2020

This Letter reports on a large mode area pixelated Bragg fiber in which some high refractive index rods were replaced by boron-doped rods that allows polarization maintaining behavior while keeping single-mode behavior. The realized all-solid fiber has a core diameter of 35 µm. The fundamental mode is circular with a 25 µm mode field diameter around 1 µm wavelength, and the polarization extinction ratio reaches 30 dB. Finally, this fiber is single-mode and bendable up to a 20 cm radius with fundamental mode losses lower than 0.3 dB/m.
Bend-induced long period grating in a helical core fiber
Authors: Zolnacz Kinga , Napiorkowski Maciej , Kiczor Anna , Makara Mariusz , Mergo Pawel , Urbanczyk Waclaw
Published: February 2020

We report on a new type of long-period-grating generated in a helical core fiber by bending. The grating arises from bend-induced modulation of an equivalent refractive index in the helical core with a period equal to the helix pitch. We experimentally demonstrate that such grating induces multiple resonant couplings between the fundamental modes guided in the central core and the helical side-core. We have also shown that by varying a direction of bending, one can generate the phase shifted grating. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations based on the coupled mode equations.
Continuously diode-pumped passively $Q$Q-switched eye-safe 1537  nm Er:Yb:Lu2Si2O7 pulse laser
Authors: Chen Yujin , Huang Jianhua , Lin Yanfu , Gong Xinghong , Luo Zundu , Huang Yidong
Published: February 2020

It is still a technical challenge to obtain a 1.55 µm passively

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pulse laser with high energy and high repetition frequency, especially when it is end-pumped by a continuous-wave 0.98 µm diode laser. Benefitting from its long fluorescence lifetime of the

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upper laser level and high thermal conductivity,

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crystal may be an excellent gain medium for realizing a high energy and high repetition frequency 1.55 µm pulse laser. At a continuous-wave absorbed pump power of 6.1 W, a 1537 nm pulse laser with energy of 45.5 µJ, repetition frequency of 1.32 kHz, and duration of 25 ns was first, to the best of our knowledge, realized in an

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crystal.
‘What’s Wrong with Carpets?’
Authors: Crane Jonathan
Published: February 2020

The short story ‘What’s Wrong with Carpets’ continues in the Chekhovian tradition, exploring reality as it is while metonymically signifying the protagonist’s whole life through the glimpse. Moreover, by representing a slice-of-life from modern Britain, with younger generations experiencing job and housing insecurity as a consequence of economic conditions, the story is freighted with subtle sociopolitical implication. The story, therefore, works counter to Charles E. May’s contention that whilst the short story is able to render the mystery and ambiguity of human reality, it has never had a political agenda, and has never succeeded in emphasizing social content. The story is followed by a short essay on its composition.
Book Reviews
Authors: Luscher Robert M. , Skelton Felicity , Whitehead Sarah
Published: February 2020

The American Short Story Cycle, Jennifer J. Smith (2018)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 194 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-47442-393-9, h/bk, £75.00

ISBN 978-1-47445-269-4, p/bk, £19.99

Dead Voices, F. G. Paci (2019)

Toronto: Guernica Editions, 285 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-77183-319-6 (EPUB), ISBN 978-1-77183-318-9, p/bk, $25

Eye, Marianne Micros (2018)

Toronto: Guernica Editions, 142 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-77183-258-8 (EPUB), ISBN 978-1-77183-257-1, p/bk, $20

Katherine Mansfield and Periodical Culture, Chris Mourant (2019)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 301 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-47443-945-9, h/bk, £80
Fasting, feasting: The resistant strategies of (not) eating in Ananda Devi's Le Voile de Draupadi and Manger l'autre
Authors: Damlé Amaleena
Published: February 2020

This article explores representations of fasting and feasting in Le Voile de Draupadi (1993) and Manger l'autre (2018) by contemporary Francophone Mauritian author, Ananda Devi, teasing out the resistant strategies of (not) eating to the power dynamics entrenched within her global, postcolonial settings in which the politics of gender, neo-colonialism and advanced capitalist consumer culture compete in the regulatory domination of the individual body. Reading these two novels together offers space for reflection on the different meanings – psychical, familial, religious, cultural, political, historical – that converge on the bodies of her protagonists, and the ways that these meanings may exceed singular or conventional interpretations of both fasting and feasting. Written 25 years apart, and set in different locations, one in Mauritius, the second in an unnamed although recognizably western nation, Devi's novels speak to one another across these spaces, tracing the global flows of attitudes towards the body and practices of consumption. In so doing, Devi's writing illuminates the embedded, crisscrossing power dynamics and layered drives exhibited by these fasting, feasting bodies, and their divergent – but resonant – strategies of resistance in the practices of (not) eating across the contemporary, globalized world.
Repenser sur l'environnement: Une étude écocritique dans Gouverneurs de la rosée de Jacques Roumain, Moi, Tituba sorcière… noire de Salem de Maryse Condé et L'Exil selon Julia de Gisèle Pineau
Authors: Ugwu Evaristus Nkemdilim , Obidiegwu Vincent Nnaemeka
Published: February 2020

From the Stockholm conference in Sweden in 1972 to the Chile conference that will take place from 2 to 14 December 2019, the environmental debate provoked by environmental challenges such as climate change continues to be in full swing in all these international meetings. It is obvious that it is an attempt to meet the millennial demands represented by the consequences of climate change such as drought, flood and hurricane among others that ravage not just the West Indian world but humanity in general. It is also true that for some time now, environmental affairs are no longer those of just environmentalists or geographers, writers and literary critics have also stepped up to the scene in protection of the environment. Therefore, this article aims to analyse through ecocritical theory the place of the environment in Jacques Roumain's Gouverneurs de la rosée, Maryse Condé's Moi, Tituba sorciere... noire de Salem and Gisèle Pineau's L'Exil selon Julia. To what extent these writers care for the well-being of the environment? In what way? What are the perspectives of the future advocated by these writers?
Shifting modes: Spectatorship, theatrical virtual reality and motion capture through the experience of Fatherland XR
Authors: Smith Matt
Published: February 2020

Abstract This article discusses a project using Extended Reality (XR) within theatre and its effect on audiences who are part of the testing and development of a theatrical production. The article develops knowledge surrounding agency/embodiment and multimodal story telling
utilizing virtual reality (VR) and motion capture technologies. There is also contained within the article a demonstration of how a university and a theatre company can collaborate using XR technologies. This collaboration is presented based on three interviews with key members of the team.
At the time of writing the production is still undergoing final developments. The discussion places the practice within the field of immersive performance and new technologies. Many of the claims made are based on practice-based experiences and the messy data provided by test audiences who
are asked to freely respond after the showings. The multiplicity of reactions to this performance artwork are discussed in relation to the emergent, accidental and playful results of multimodal practices often presenting themselves as a set of performative frames instead of a synergistic whole.