bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indonesian Society of Gynecologic Oncology Cancer Registration Information System: 10 Years of Implementation, Challenge, and Future
Authors: Anggraeni Tricia Dewi , Nugroho Hari , Harsono Ali Budi , Utami Tofan Widya , Tjokroprawiro Brahmana Askandar
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

Indonesia still faces high disease burden from cancer and needs valid gynecologic cancer epidemiology data. The Indonesian Society of Gynecologic Oncology (INASGO) established a web-based gynecologic cancer registry. This research aims to observe and report the situation of INASGO cancer registration information system from 2011 to 2021 and provide the most recent data.

METHODS

This is a quality assurance research using nonexperimental design and did not perform data manipulation. This study will evaluate comparability, validity, and completeness of cancer registry data. Information was obtained by registration files, direct observation, and interviewing cancer registry supervisors in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.

RESULTS

This cancer registry coded its data according to international standards with many participants and large cases registered. A total of 28,692 cases were reported to the cancer registry. Cervical cancer ranked highest (68.6%) with stage III being the most common found. The most frequent age group at diagnosis is 36-55 years. The most valid basic diagnostic of gynecologic cancer is histology of primary malignancy. The main challenge of the INASGO cancer registry is the lack of data validity and completeness because of poor coordination and financial support.

CONCLUSION

INASGO cancer registration information system has good prospects to provide data information of patients with gynecologic cancer in policy or research matters. Poor coordination and limited financial support have to be anticipated for the sake of this cancer registry existence in the future.
The On-the-Ground Political Authority of the Nagasaki Magistrate in the Regulation of Chan Monks from Jiangnan and Fujian (Mid-Seventeenth–Early Eighteenth Centuries)
Authors: Hongsheng Wu
Published: November 2024

Since the early seventeenth century, Chan monks from Jiangnan and Fujian traveled to Japan amid a commercial boom in maritime East Asia starting from the late sixteenth century. After the promulgation of Sakoku (鎖国, closed country) by the Tokugawa shogunate in the 1630s and 1640s, Nagasaki turned out to be the first stop for these incoming Chan monks. From 1654 to 1658, the Nagasaki magistrate revealed a supportive stance and demonstrated a high level of on-the-ground political authority in regulating the Chan monks from 1658 to 1692. However, because of rapidly increasing incoming Continental merchants in the mid-1680s, the shogunate tightened Nagasaki trade policies by adopting the Jōdaka system. Around the time when Kawaguchi Munetsune left the position of the Nagasaki magistrate in 1693, the shogunate took a more active stance on Nagasaki affairs thereafter, and the Nagasaki magistrate's on-the-ground political authority fell into decline.
Buddhist Artwork as Political Symbolism: With a Focus on Buddhist Artwork Created in the 920s in Later Paekche
Authors: Jin (Chin Chŏnghwan) Joung-hwan
Published: November 2024

This article explores the utilization of Buddhist artwork as political symbolism during the Later Paekche period (892–936). Despite its brief duration, Later Paekche produced diverse styles of Buddhist artwork throughout its reign. After emerging victorious from a battle in 920 that conferred legitimacy upon his claim to the reestablished throne of Paekche, Kyŏn Hwŏn (甄萱, 867–936 CE) created a stone stūpa very similar in appearance to a Paekche-era stūpa. However, after plundering the capital of Silla in 927 and challenging Koryŏ for supremacy, Kyŏn Hwŏn shifted his political goals and proclaimed a new identity as the rightful ruler of a unified Korean peninsula. At that time, all the Later Three Kingdoms of the Korean Peninsula were based on the culture of Silla; thus, after 927, Later Paekche created Buddhist artwork based on the style and technology of Silla as a cultural symbol to unite the Later Three Kingdoms.
Do You Hear the People's Nonsense?
Authors: Cheng Zhen
Published: November 2024

This study examines the performance of artistic activism and mass protests in COVID-era China, with a particular focus on Yang Xiao's Farewell, Language and the White Paper protests. The objective of this article is to illuminate the interplay between politics and performance, as well as between resistance and resilience. It seeks to understand how artistic expressions and acts of protest can transgress with nonsensical expressions. Situating itself in the context of postmodernism, authoritarian regimes, and multimedia landscape, this article sees nonsense as an artistic and performative device that transcends mere rational understanding to evoke a collective emotive response. This article hypothesizes that political activism and social movements gain traction and become feasible through adopting nonsense/non-sense. Moreover, this work further interrogates the concept of nonsense by dialoguing with affect studies, suggesting that the subversive potential of nonsense/non-sense may offer a glimmer of hope for political engagement and the expansion of social imaginaries.
Benefits of After-School Sports: A Global Analysis of Pediatric Physical Health and Cognitive Function
Authors: Lim Michelle , Gaudreau Janis , Logan Nicole E.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of after-school sports and physical activity (PA) participation on brain health between samples matched on socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Methods

Data were obtained from the Child Mind Institute Healthy Brain Network’s protocol. Participants completed four lab assessment days to collect a battery of data on youth mental health, cognitive health, and physical health. Children aged 6–16 yr were included in the analyses and grouped based on their participation in sports/PA outside of school time. Independent-samples t-tests (sports n = 391; non-sports n = 391; age 9.41 ± 2.38 yr) were done on academic achievement, cognitive function, mental health, and physical health (fitness, body composition, PA, muscular strength, and flexibility) outcomes. Groups were matched on age, sex, race, ethnicity, puberty, socioeconomic status, and intelligence quotient (IQ).

Results

Significant between-group brain health differences were observed for executive function skills (sports: 51.38% ± 28.94%, non-sports: 45.24% ± 28.10%; P = 0.03), processing speed (sports: 50.83% ± 27.80%, non-sports: 46.13% ± 27.48%; P = 0.02), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (sports: 0.21 ± 0.97, non-sports: 0.37 ± 0.97; P = 0.02), attentional problems (sports: 59.71 ± 8.78, non-sports: 61.49 ± 9.28; P = 0.006), social awareness skills (sports: 56.52 ± 10.78, non-sports: 53.69 ± 9.95; P = 0.01), and language comprehension skills (sports: 64.07% ± 27.66%, non-sports: 59.80% ± 28.44%; P = 0.03) in favor of children in the sports group. Children who participated in sports also demonstrated greater physical health indexed by daily energy expenditure (sports: 1950.15 ± 476.09 calories, non-sports: 1800.84 ± 469.22 calories; P = 0.04), PA (sports: 2.81 ± 0.79, non-sports: 2.59 ± 0.74; P = 0.002), z-scored fitness (sports: 0.16 ± 1.05, non-sports: −0.08 ± 1.04; P = 0.02), resting heart rate (sports: 79.26 ± 12.16 bpm, non-sports: 81.36 ± 12.94 bpm; P = 0.02), muscular strength in the trunk lift (sports: 9.40 ± 2.77 inches, non-sports: 8.91 ± 2.82 inches; P = 0.01), and flexibility in the sit and reach (sports: 9.33 ± 2.93 inches, non-sports: 8.74 ± 3.15 inches; P = 0.007).

Conclusion

When controlling for important demographic factors (age, sex, race/ethnicity, puberty, IQ, and socioeconomic status), children who participated in after-school sports and PA showed better results on several physical, cognitive, and mental health outcomes compared to their peers.
Materiały do bioty porostów Puszczy Piskiej (północna Polska)
Authors: Fałtynowicz Wiesław , Fałtynowicz Hanna
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of lichenological research conducted in 2006–2020 in Piska Forest – one of some the largest forest complexes in the northern Poland. The aim of the study was to prepare a list of lichens in several interesting places in this forest, including regenerating areas destroyed by a hurricane 20 years ago. A total of 97 lichen species were found in the studied area, including such interesting and rare species as Acolium inquinans, Calicium parvum, Carbonicola anthracophila, and Lobaria pulmonaria.
Do patients with bipolar disorders have an increased risk of stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Lingli , Wu Fanghua , Yang Jiaojiao
Published: November 2024

Objective: The objective of the current review aimed to assess if patients with bipolar disorder (BD) have an increased risk of stroke.
Methods: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science for studies published from inception to 20th June 2023 and reporting the association between BD and stroke.
Results: Eight studies with 9187894 participants were eligible. Meta-analysis of all eight studies demonstrated that BD patients have an increased risk of stroke as compared to non-BD individuals (HR: 1.60 95% CI: 1.24, 2.05 I2=94%). Results did not change in significance on sensitivity analysis. However, results varied on subgroup analysis based on study location, study type, sample size, and follow-up duration. The effect magnitude was unchanged based on the adjustment of diabetes and hypertension and study quality.
Conclusion: Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) may have an increased risk of stroke in comparison to the general population. The results are limited by the retrospective nature of the data and high inter-study heterogeneity which demand caution in the interpretation of the outcomes.
Protocol Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42023434365), https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.10732
How to cite this: Guo L, Wu F, Yang J. Do patients with bipolar disorders have an increased risk of stroke? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2739-3745. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.10732
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Investigation of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation ability of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from urinary catheters
Authors: Mumtaz Azka , Saleem Unsa , Arif Muhammad , Batool Nayab
Published: November 2024

Objective: Current research aims to monitor the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) in healthcare facilities due to the development of resistance to antimicrobials. The study aimed to elucidate the interplay between antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation, two key factors contributing to virulence of bacteria.
Methods: This study was conducted in One Health Laboratory (OHL) at Center for Advanced Studies, Agriculture and Food Security (CAS AFS), and institute of Microbiology University of Agriculture, Faisalabad within six months (Feb-Aug 2023). A total of 50 urine catheter samples were obtained from Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (meropenem, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, and gentamicin) was conducted to determine the resistance profiles of the isolates in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Additionally, the biofilm formation ability of the isolates was assessed using crystal violet staining.
Results: Out of 50 samples, 13 were positive and were confirmed as multidrug resistant. The investigation of antibiotic resistance revealed a high prevalence of MDR A. baumannii strains from urinary catheters. The rate of infection was observed higher in males (77%), patients among the age group 10-25 and above 46 years (38.46%), and those who have been diagnosed with urinary tract infection (46.13%). The observed rate of biofilm formation was strong (62%) followed by moderate (7%), and weak (31%) in all MDR isolates. Carbapenem-resistant isolates exhibit a strong correlation with biofilm formation.
Conclusion: This study concluded that A. baumannii isolated from the patients with urinary tract infections had resistance to routinely used antibiotics. The isolates have shown hemolysis pattern (α & γ) and tendency to make biofilms. Moreover, except for ceftriaxone which showed negative correlations, a positive correlation was observed between biofilm biomass and the resistance profile to the remaining three antibiotics.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.8754
How to cite this: Mumtaz A, Saleem U, Arif M, Batool N. Investigation of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation ability of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from urinary catheters. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2643-2647. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.8754
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Management of masseter spasm after induction of general anaesthesia in a patient with depressive disorder on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment
Authors: Ismail Samina , Ali Syeda Rimza
Published: November 2024

Masseter spasm after induction of anaesthesia can be generally defined as a marked difficulty in manual mouth opening that interferes and impedes direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation without the presence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Several factors have been implicated in the literatures responsible for causing masseter spasm including use of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and anxiety. Our case is the first to report masseter spasms with the use of Cis-atracurium in a patient on antidepressant depressant treatment with sertraline and having extreme preoperative anxiety. Anaesthesiologist should be aware of this complication when dealing with anxious patients on antidepressant therapy during induction of anaesthesia. Masseter spasm with locked jaw, can be a potential life-threatening situation particularly in scenarios of “cannot- ventilate-cannot intubate”.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9044
How to cite this: Ismail S, Ali SR. Management of masseter spasm after induction of general anaesthesia in a patient with depressive disorder on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2746-2747. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9044
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Frequency, clinical presentation and management of primary amenorrhea in a tertiary care setting
Authors: Shehla Arif  , Sumera Khan  , Farah Deeba Nasrullah  , Riffat Jaleel
Published: November 2024

Objective: We aimed to determine frequency, clinical presentation, etiology and management in patients presenting with primary amenorrhea in tertiary care setting.
Method: This was a case series conducted in outpatient Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics unit II, Dr. Ruth K. M. Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi from 1st July 2019 to 30th June 2022. A total of 20,102 patients attended Gynaecology outpatient department in these three years. We included 41 cases with primary amenorrhea. Information collected on a specially designed proforma included history, physical examination, hormonal workup, ultrasound, radiological investigations and karyotyping results. Data was entered and analyzed by SPSS version 26.0.
Results: The frequency of PA was 41(0.2%). The mean age was 17.93± 4.27 years (range13-37). Majority 38(92.6%) were unmarried, educated till secondary 24(58.5%), of normal height 28(68.2%) and normal BMI 30(73%). Main associated complaint was cyclical lower abdominal pain 8(22%). Most common cause found was Mullerian dysgenesis 17(41.46%). Others were chromosomal disorder 10(24.39%), imperforate hymen 6(14.63%), constitutional delay 5(12.19%), transverse vaginal septum 2(4.87%) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia 1(2.43%). The chromosomal analysis revealed 46XX in 31(75.6%), 45XO/45XO Mosaic in 6(14.63%) and 46XY in 4(9.75%) patients. Surgical correction was possible in 14(41.66%) patients, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was given in 10(22.2%) and rest treated with placebo.
Conclusion: Primary amenorrhea is a significant problem in adolescent girls. We found Mayer Rokitansky- Kuster- Hauser syndrome (MRKH) syndrome as the commonest cause in our series. There is need to promptly identify the patients who need medical, surgical or psychological management. It is also required to make local strategies and guidelines for evaluation, management and long term follow up.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9317
How to cite this: Khan S, Arif S, Nasrullah FD, Jaleel R. Frequency, clinical presentation and management of primary amenorrhea in a tertiary care setting. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2715-2719. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9317
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effect of Anti-VEGF drugs on diabetic Retinopathy-Microaneurysms: A correlation study
Authors: Li Tianhang , Gu Zhaohui , Zhang Yueling , Li Jie , Du Juan , Fu Yan
Published: November 2024

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in diabetic retinopathy (DR)-retinal microaneurysms, and its prognosis.
Method: This was a retrospectively study in which total of 120 patients with DR in Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from June 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment methods based on macular edema, they were divided into an injection group and a control group. The control group was treated routinely, while the injection group was additionally intravitreally injected with an anti-VEGF drug. The patients were followed up for one year, and the changes in the number of retinal microaneurysms, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) were compared between the two groups. The effect on retinal microaneurysms was analyzed.
Result: After treatment for 12 months, the total efficacy of the injection group was 95.00%, which was higher than 80.00% of the control group (p< 0.05). After one, three, six and twelve months of treatment, both CRT and the number of retinal microaneurysms reduced in the injection group compared with those before treatment. After treatment for one, three, six and twelve months, BCVA showed increases in the injection group, but no obvious changes in the control group compared with that before treatment.
Conclusion: For patients with DR complicated with macular edema, early use of anti-VEGF drugs can significantly improve the fundus lesions, reduce the CRT and number of retinal microaneurysms, and improve the BCVA of the patients, with high clinical efficacy.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9439
How to cite this: Li T, Gu Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Du J, Fu Y. Effect of Anti-VEGF drugs on diabetic Retinopathy-Microaneurysms: A correlation study. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2648-2652-. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9439
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
A comparison between transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and transareolar thyroidectomy regarding postoperative pain and cosmetic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mirghani Hyder Osman , Albalawi Ibrahim Altedlawi
Published: November 2024

Objectives: Remote scarless surgeries have been developed for cosmetic reasons; literature showed that remote endoscopic surgeries were superior to conventional thyroidectomy. However, no researchers have compared the transoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach and transareolar approach regarding cosmetic outcomes and postoperative pain score. This meta-analysis assessed the same among patients with papillary microcarcinoma, thyroid disease, and small-size papillary carcinoma.
Methods: We searched PubMed MEDLINE, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library from the date of the first inception up to January 2024. The general keywords used are trans-areolar thyroidectomy, trans-oral thyroidectomy vestibular approach, scar-less thyroidectomy, remote thyroidectomy, pain score, and cosmetic effects. The MeSH terms “mouth”, “areola”, “nipples”, “vestibular”, “oral”, “endoscopes”, “endoscopic”, and “thyroid” were used. Out of the 389 studies and 114 remained after the removal of duplication, from them, 22 full texts were screened, and only 10 studies were included in the final meta-analysis.
Results: The tansoral thyroidectomy vestibular approach showed better cosmetic outcomes compared to the trans-areolar approach, odd ratio, 1.26, 95% CI, 0.53-1.99. However, no significant statistical difference was found regarding postoperative pain score, odd ratio, -0.11, 95% CI, -0.26-0.04, and central lymph node dissection, odd ration, 1.52, 95% CI, -0.14-3.17.
Conclusion: The transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach was better compared to the trans-areolar approach in terms of cosmetic outcomes, no differences were evident regarding pain score and central lymph node dissection. Further larger well-controlled studies assessing operative and postoperative outcomes are needed.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9712
How to cite this: Mirghani HO, Albalawi IA. A comparison between transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach and transareolar thyroidectomy regarding postoperative pain and cosmetic outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2726-2731. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9712
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Ambient Air Pollution and Chronic kidney disease risk in Deltan communities: A Policy Brief, 2023
Authors: Okoye Ogochukwu , Carnegie Elaine , Mora Luca
Published: November 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a persistent, devastating, yet neglected, non-communicable disease, particularly in developing and emerging countries. The traditional risk factors for CKD, such as hypertension and diabetes have received relatively ample attention but do not sufficiently explain the high burden of CKD. Ambient air pollution is an emerging environmental risk factor for CKD; however, epidemiological data and evidence are lacking for susceptible populations in developing countries. The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is a petrochemical hub known for environmental degradation, including air pollution, and thus, serves as a good case study for investigating the association between air pollution and CKD. This brief is based on an exploratory mixed-methods study conducted in four communities situated near an oil and gas refinery in Warri, Nigeria, to explore perceived and actual air pollution risks and determine whether long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with CKD. Air pollutant concentrations measured in partnership with citizen scientists using portable air sensors, showed that all except one air pollutant (ozone) exceeded the WHO acceptable limits in all four communities. PM2.5 ranged from 22.8 to 28.0 μg/m3, PM10, 40.6 to 55.5 μg/m3, and CO2, 584-652 ppm. The overall prevalence of CKD was 12.3% but even higher (18%) in a socially deprived semi-urban community closest to the oil refinery. Hypertension, diabetes, other behavioral risk factors, and exposures associated with CKD were prevalent in the four communities and environmental health information was lacking. A multifaceted approach is required to mitigate air pollution and the associated NCD risks in the region. The government needs to invest in air monitoring services, cleaner technologies, and environmental risk communication through various media channels. We strongly recommend public inclusion in planning, designing, and implementing educational interventions. Lastly, environmental risk factors such as air pollution should feature prominently in strategic plans for NCD prevention.
Mental health status of caregivers of cancer patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Samal Soumini , Panda Nishisipa , Rath Jyotirmayee , Pani Saumya Ranjan , Panda Bhuputra
Published: November 2024

Background The global prevalence of cancer is rapidly increasing, and patients often require ancillary non-clinical care during treatment. Caregivers, in turn, experience several mental health challenges as they fulfil their responsibilities. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among caregivers of cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar; and explore the psychosocial factors contributing to their mental health. Methods For objective 1, a cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from 230 caregivers accompanying cancer patients who attended a tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha during February-April 2024. A licensed version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the levels of anxiety and depression, while the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to assess stress. For objective 2, ten in-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers, then recorded, transcribed and translated for thematic analysis. Results The prevalence of anxiety, depression and perceived stress among caregivers was found to be 45.2%, 43.4% and 44.8%, respectively. ‘Being the sole caregiver’ was identified as a significant predictor of caregivers’ mental health, affecting levels of depression, stress, and anxiety. Further, qualitative analysis identified factors like social support, financial hardships, emotional toll, personal wellbeing, communication with healthcare provider and transportation as key contributors to caregivers’ mental health decline. Conclusion Caregivers of cancer patients face significant mental health challenges that need focused attention. Integrating informal social networks, counselling services, creating support groups and offering financial assistance into cancer care programs can help address their needs.
The evolution of electoral systems in Vietnam: historical trajectories and contemporary implications
Authors: Ty Thi Thoa , Nguyen Duc Cuong
Published: November 2024

The aim of this research paper is to identify and analyze the factors determining the evolution of electoral systems in Vietnam and their consequent impact on political representation and citizen participation. To achieve this objective, the study meticulously examines the historical development of electoral mechanisms, starting from the French colonial era through to the current Socialist Republic of Vietnam. A significant milestone in this evolution was the implementation of the "Doi Moi" (Renovation) reforms in 1986, which marked a pivotal turning point, ushering in substantial political and economic changes. These reforms not only restructured the economy but also had profound implications for the electoral system and governance. The methodological framework of this study is grounded in qualitative document analysis, encompassing a diverse range of sources such as legal documents, government publications, academic literature, and media sources. Through rigorous content analysis, the study identifies and examines historical trends and key themes that have shaped and influenced the electoral system over time. The study concludes by asserting that, despite the inherent challenges posed by its one-party structure, Vietnam's electoral system is continuously evolving with an aim to enhance representativeness and responsiveness. The findings suggest that while the system retains certain unique characteristics, it is progressively adapting to improve political representation and foster greater citizen participation in the governance process. Through this detailed examination, the paper provides valuable insights into the intricate relationship between electoral systems, political power, and citizen engagement in Vietnam.
Natural and institutional factors of the political governance in Russia
Authors: Privalov Nikolay
Published: November 2024

Rejection of the liberal socio-political course requires the development of a new model of political management, adequate to the national model of a mixed economy. The purpose of this work is to study the natural and internal institutional factors of the country’s development that influence the form of political governance in Russia. Natural factors – climate, geographical location, availability of natural resources, area, etc. – determine the sectoral structure of production, the possibility of extracting natural rent, the cost and efficiency of production, the state of transport, management costs, defense, energy, and other important indicators of macro- and geo-economics. Institutional factors - characteristics of culture, mentality and written law - influence the behavior of the population, especially in crisis situations. All this indirectly forms a special management model over the centuries. The authors chose a systematic approach, historical, cultural and institutional analysis as methods. An auxiliary method was the method of analogy, which made it possible to attract data from ethnography, the history of family development, as well as animal psychology, reflected in culture. The principles of economic and geographical determinism, as well as the cybernetic principle of feedback, are applied. The practical significance of the work lies in the introduction into scientific circulation of the concept of national-patriotic authoritarianism and the conclusion about its adequacy for Russia, in determining the share of expenditures on public goods from GDP that is desirable for Russia, as well as in the introduction into scientific circulation of methods for determining the correspondence of the mentality and image of any living thing creatures as an informal symbol of a people or state.
Formation of digital political philosophy in modern society
Authors: Koz'yakova N.
Published: November 2024

Modern digital political philosophy occupies a special place among socio-humanitarianism in the chosen aspect of the study, as it is a new teaching and research area. This is due to the fact that its field includes the study of the creation and changes in the rules that regulate all spheres of social life, including theoretical and methodological support and practical everyday life. In the XXI century there has been an aggravation of contradictions between the intensive transformations taking place and the measured course of life. On the one hand, these are the values of changing the future, and on the other hand, the values of preserving the past, i.e., tradition and innovation. Modern man has enormous opportunities both to change the world and himself. The aim of the article is to explore the scientific-theoretical model of contemporary digital political philosophy by means of systematisation and analysis of the main approaches that reflect contemporary political-philosophical debates. The main method of research is historical and cultural analysis of contemporary problems in the field of artificial intelligence facing political philosophy. The viewpoint that digital political methodology for the science of the future will be of predominant importance is gradually being established in the world. The theoretical relevance of the study lies in the fact that it offers an example of digital methodological analysis, which can become a toolkit, with its help it is possible to develop in the future an interdisciplinary approach in the management of modern political problems in the field of artificial intelligence facing society. The practical relevance is that this study can be used in the educational process at the university level, as digital political philosophy will be able to supplement the academic level of students with a general understanding of what digitalisation in politics is and in what areas its application is necessary. It is concluded that digital political philosophy is the basis for the future revolution of neural networks, basic political science problems are performed by artificial intelligence much faster and better than real political actors, axiological agenda as well as multimedia content are also created unaided.
Desarrollo, apropiación y distribución de la tierra: análisis de incentivos nacionales para la apropiación de tierras afectadas por el conflicto armado
Authors: Triana-Ancinez Bryan
Published: November 2024

Este capítulo pretende explicar los diseños de política de desarrollo y seguridad creados y ejecutados desde el nivel nacional durante el periodo 2004-2008 en Colombia, que buscaban “pacificar” el territorio nacional e incrementar la inversión de empresas agroindustriales en los territorios “pacificados”, y facilitaron la apropiación de tierras en favor de esta industria. En este periodo, el Estado colombiano realizó modificaciones en la regulación agropecuaria e implementó programas de seguridad que incentivaron y facilitaron que estas empresas compraran masivamente predios afectados por el conflicto armado interno. Tales políticas desarrollaban los objetivos propuestos por los planes nacionales de desarrollo de los Gobiernos de Álvaro Uribe, en los que se propuso una estrategia preponderantemente militar como respuesta a los grupos armados ilegales (GAI) y la reestructuración de la política agraria para incentivar la producción rural a gran escala (Comisión Colombiana de Juristas [CCJ], 2010).
Big data para identificar los hitos más relevantes de construcción de paz en Colombia desde la prensa escrita (2010-2020)
Authors: Batz Liñeiro Aglaya , Grueso Hinestroza Merlin Patricia , Ojeda Sánchez Carlos Alberto
Published: November 2024

Con la firma del Acuerdo de 2016 y la consolidación del proceso de paz, Colombia empezó a vivir un momento histórico después de más de cincuenta años de guerra, periodo durante el cual el Estado colombiano no ejerció su autoridad territorial ni actuó como entidad protectora. Este hito representó una nueva oportunidad para la construcción de la paz y para transformar las estructuras del país. En torno a estas discusiones, los medios de comunicación generaron una cantidad significativa de contenidos, desempeñando un papel importante en la formación de la opinión pública. Su impacto fue significativo y generalizado, por lo que resulta fundamental examinar cómo la prensa ha caracterizado los temas clave en su cobertura de las preocupaciones por la paz en la última década. Objetivo: Identificar y describir los temas discutidos en la prensa en relación con la construcción de paz en Colombia entre 2010 y 2020. Metodología: Con el propósito de realizar un análisis preciso y reducir el sesgo, este estudio utiliza el algoritmo Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Con esta técnica de big data se localizaron las principales temáticas abordadas en los textos recopilados de los artículos periodísticos sobre la construcción de paz en Colombia publicados por el periódico El Tiempo a lo largo de diez años (2010-2020). Resultados: Se analizaron 1625 noticias utilizando LDA, que permitieron descubrir once temas abstractos presentes en colecciones de documentos analizadas.
Definir acción de construcción de paz: en búsqueda de un lugar de enunciación para la paz
Authors: Medici Alecto
Published: November 2024

El propósito de este capítulo es reflexionar sobre un conjunto de enunciados que dan forma al discurso de construcción de paz, indagando sobre las nociones disponibles: paz, acción, construcción y empresa. Con tal fin se tomaron fuentes de información de diversa índole, para recuperar de manera amplia y suficiente enunciados que pudieran ser analizados como concernientes al discurso de construcción de paz.
Quadratic Memory Is Necessary for Optimal Query Complexity in Convex Optimization: Center of Mass Is Pareto Optimal
Authors: Blanchard Moïse , Zhang Junhui , Jaillet Patrick
Published: November 2024

We give query complexity lower bounds for convex optimization and the related feasibility problem. We show that quadratic memory is necessary to achieve the optimal oracle complexity for first-order convex optimization. In particular, this shows that center-of-mass cutting-plane algorithms in dimension d, which use [Formula: see text] memory and [Formula: see text] queries, are Pareto optimal for both convex optimization and the feasibility problem, up to logarithmic factors. Precisely, building upon techniques introduced in previous works, we prove that to minimize 1-Lipschitz convex functions over the unit ball to [Formula: see text] accuracy, any deterministic first-order algorithms using at most [Formula: see text] bits of memory must make [Formula: see text] queries for any [Formula: see text]. For the feasibility problem, in which an algorithm only has access to a separation oracle, we show a stronger trade-off; for at most [Formula: see text] memory, the number of queries required is [Formula: see text]. This resolves a Conference on Learning Theory 2019 open problem.

Funding: This work was partly supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research [Grant FA9550-19-1-0263] and the Office of Naval Research [Grant N00014-18-1-2122].
BK polyomavirus
Authors: Baker Simon , Al Talib Mohammed , Smith Matthew Welberry
Published: November 2024

This article outlines what a patient needs to know about the BK polyomavirus and how it can effect a kidney transplant
Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV-AIDS in Enugu, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Sunday Mark Ezeme , Orji Jennie Chinonyelu , Igweagu Paulinus Chukwuma , Oluchukwu Bethy Okorie , Chime Hope Onyinye
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Most efforts to care for children and adolescents with HIV/AIDS have been geared toward handling their physical health needs disregarding their mental health burden, including suicidality and mental health-seeking behaviour. We aimed to determine rates of psychiatric disorders, suicidal tendencies, and health-seeking behaviour among a group of children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Enugu, Nigeria. A total of 288 children and adolescents aged 9–19 years living with HIV/AIDS in four health facilities providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) services were studied. The questionnaire was adapted from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) with other sections addressing socio-demographic characteristics and mental health-seeking behaviours. Results were presented as frequencies and proportions and Spearman’s correlation test assessed correlations between suicidal tendencies, mental disorders, and other variables. Seventy (24.3%) of the participants had mental disorder, 31 (10.8%) had suicidal tendencies, 153 (53.1%) felt there was a need for therapy, and 103 (35.8%) sought help. While caring for the medical complications of HIV/AIDS in this population, mental health problems are also prevalent, including suicidal tendencies. Creating awareness and more centers caring for this group of people might improve their mental health-seeking behaviour.
A Clinic-Level Approach to Improve Uptake of First COVID-19 Vaccine Dose in Primary Care
Authors: Swamy Annemarie M. , Kaufman Noah , Lievers Ernest , Tyler Carrie , Veira Olivia , Smith Sofia Osio , Genies Marquita C. , Turtle Melina , Matson Pamela A. , Kim Julia M. , Marcell Arik V.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: This quality improvement initiative aimed to increase first dose of COVID-19 vaccinations during pediatric/adolescent clinic visits. Four plan-do-study-act cycles were performed with creation of eligibility lists and increasing health educator (HE) engagement. Statistical process control analysis assessed vaccine receipt over time. Logistic regression modeling evaluated odds of receipt. Among 6,740 visits, 52.2% of patients were eligible for first COVID-19 vaccine; 17.9% of eligible patients accepted it. First-vaccine improvements from 13.1% to 21.7% were not sustained. Odds of receipt increased in each cycle compared with baseline (1: Odds Ratio=1.99 [95% Confidence Interval 1.49–2.67], 2: OR=2.22 [1.58–3.14]), 3: OR=2.15 [1.51–3.05]), 4: OR=1.48 [1.11–1.96]), and with HE discussion versus no HE discussion (OR=1.64 [1.16–1.90]). First COVID-19 vaccine receipt increased with vaccine-eligible patient lists and HE-initiated discussions, although improvements diminished over time. Health educator versus no HE discussion led to improved vaccinations, supporting further quality improvement research on HE role to improve vaccine uptake.
Desire for Period Products: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Food Pantry Users in Three Midwestern States
Authors: Obionu Ifeoma Maureen , Fischer Maureen , Chapman Darren , Hermsen Joan M. , McKelvey Bill , Kuhlmann Anne Sebert
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Objective. To examine the desire for period products among food pantry users in the U.S. Methods. Cross-sectional study of 4,929 food pantry users at food pantries in Missouri, Kansas, and southwestern Illinois. Data were collected through interviewer and self-administered questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression assessed the association between independent variables and the desire for period products to be supplied at food pantries. Results. Over half (51.9%) of the respondents were between 18 to 44 years. The odds of wanting period products at food pantries were two times higher for those 18 to 44 years (AOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.868–2.663) than for those 45 years and older. African Americans (AOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.107–1.681), and households with low (AOR 1.2, 95% CI 1.015–1.497) food security were more likely than Whites and those with marginal food security to desire period products. Conclusion. Food pantry clients desire period products as a basic need. Taking advantage of existing food pantry infrastructure could help address this need.
Impact of Patient-Clinician Relationships on Pain and Objective Functional Measures for Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain: An Experimental Study
Authors: Vorensky Mark , Squires Allison , Jones Simon , Sajnani Nisha , Castillo Elijah , Rao Smita
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Purpose. To compare the effects of enhanced and limited patient-clinician relationships during patient history taking on objective functional measures and pain appraisals for individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods. Fifty-two (52) participants with CLBP, unaware of the two groups, were randomized using concealed allocation to an enhanced (n=26) or limited (n=26) patient-clinician relationship condition. Participants shared their history of CLBP with a clinician who enacted either enhanced or limited communication strategies. Fingertip-to-floor, one-minute lift, and Biering-Sorensen tests, and visual analogue scale for pain at rest were assessed before and after the patient-clinician relationship conditions. Findings. The enhanced condition resulted in significantly greater improvements in the one-minute lift test (F(1,49)=7.47, p<.01, ηp2=0.13) and pain at rest (F(1,46)=4.63, p=.04, ηp2=0.09), but not the fingertip-to-floor or Biering-Sorensen tests, compared with the limited group. Conclusions. Even without physical treatment, differences in patient-clinician relationships acutely affected lifting performance and pain among individuals with CLBP.
Links Between Food Assistance Program Participation and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: O’Donnell Alexander J. , Takgbajouah Mary , Bushnell Abigail , Sagan Dylan , Mirich Catherine , Mansfield Dana , Clark Withington Margaret H. , Buscemi Joanna
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Food insecurity is a mechanism through which the mental health impacts of systemic social inequities multiply across the lifespan. Federally administered food assistance programs improve food security, but their impact on mental health is less clear. We conducted a systematic review of all studies that reported an association between food assistance participation and mental health (N = 34), and a multilevel meta-analysis among studies that met inclusion criteria and reported sufficient statistical results (n = 21; k = 44). The overall effect of food assistance on mental health was not significant ( d = −0.025, p = .724). However, follow-up moderator analyses indicated that receipt of food assistance mitigated developmental risk among children ( F = 7.73, p = .008). Our results highlight the importance of addressing systemic problems, such as insufficient funds and outdated nutrition guidelines, that limit the potential of food assistance programs to positively affect public health.
“Nunca más”: la (re)construcción de la memoria colectiva en Argentina, 1985 (2022)
Authors: Alonso Alexandra Mira
Published: November 2024

Resumen: Argentina, 1985 (2022) es un filme histórico que se adentra en la vida de la fiscalía argentina durante la famosa causa ‘13/84’, popularmente conocida como el Juicio a las Juntas. El presente artículo estudia la incorporación de estrategias cinematográficas que convierten a los medios de comunicación como reconstructores de los testimonios orales del juicio a las juntas. Estos medios, en especial la televisión, aparecen en el filme como analogías de la memoria colectiva argentina —en ocasiones desestimando la labor de la ayuda del equipo fiscal. Para analizar a los medios como voces que hacen circular la memoria, el estudio bebe de nociones teóricas como la identidad cultural de Stuart Hall (1996), la hauntología de la memoria colectiva de José Colmeiro (2011) o los discursos sobre la memoria de Elizabeth Jenlin (2002).
Complicit Forgetting: The Politics of Memory in Kcho’s Installations and Balseros (2002)
Authors: García Suárez Jacqueline
Published: November 2024

Abstract: The 1994 Rafter Crisis was the most critical moment of the Cuban Special Period, which began after the collapse of the socialist bloc. More than 30,000 Cubans headed to the United States in makeshift rafts after the leader of the Cuban Revolution, Fidel Castro, opened up the nation’s maritime borders. Castro’s decision sought to alleviate the internal pressures, that had resulted in the biggest social uprising that the island had seen in more than three decades. However, the political dimension of the crisis has been undermined or obliterated by the ambiguous memory work carried out through different media. In line with Barbie Zelizer’s discussions on common practices of public forgetting, this paper explores two of the most well-known commemorations of the Rafter Crisis: Cuban plastic artist Alexis Leyva Machado (Kcho)’s installations, which have engaged with the theme of Cuban illegal migration since his 1994 pieces Obras Escogidas and La Regata ; and the documentary Balseros (2002) by Catalonians Carles Bosch and Josep Domenech, which bases on the testimonies of seven Cuban rafters. I argue that both the installations and the documentary might be understood as instances in which ambivalent processes of memorialization have worked to depoliticize collective memory. Particularly, I examine how their different systems of mediation adhere to hegemonic imaginaries that understand the Rafter Crisis mainly as an economic and ultimately, affective phenomenon, that is easily “re-placeable” within a broader global context. This has allowed collective memory to accommodate the rafter’s trauma in a more comfortable manner.