bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The significant value of sustainable cosmetics fragrance in the spotlight after COVID‐19
Authors: Lee Jinkyung , Kwon Ki Han
Published: June 2022

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has brought major changes to the world's population. This has led to increased wearing of masks to prevent infectious diseases, which can contribute to exacerbation of stress and the emergence of mental illness due to a physical health crisis.

Objectives

Therefore, this study comprehensively investigated the reasons why cosmetics customers pay attention to sustainable fragrances after COVID‐19.

Methods

This review article is a literature review, and a narrative review approach was used in this study. A total of 598 references were selected from 2004 to 2022 using representative journal search sites such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and RISS. Among them, a total of 39 articles were successfully completed in this study using the PRISMA flowchart in the final stage.

Results

In this study, by identifying the changes and needs of K‐beauty and global cosmetics industry consumers who aspire for sustainable safety amid the COVID‐19 pandemic, the increase in bad breath caused by the increase in mask wearing was recognized, and the need for fragrance due to mental health was recognized. Demand is expected to increase.

Conclusion

This study tried to change the perception of cosmetic fragrances into safe edible fragrances. Therefore, it is expected to be used as an important marketing material for the global cosmetics market.
Ultrasonographic analyses of Crow's feet and novel guideline for botulinum toxin injection
Authors: Piao Jiong‐Zhen , Oh Wook , Choi You‐Jin , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Bae Hyungkyu , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Kim Hyoung‐Moon , Kim Hee‐Jin
Published: June 2022

Background

Crow's feet are bilateral orbital wrinkles formed by the orbital portion of the orbicularis oculi muscle, which is the target muscle for botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection.

Objectives

This study's aim was to demonstrate a novel BoNT injection guideline by assessing muscle width, thickness, and dynamic features using ultrasonography.

Methods

Twenty healthy Korean volunteers (10 men, 10 women; mean age, 25.6) participated. The width, thickness, and dynamic movement of the orbicularis oculi muscle were measured using ultrasonography. Two volunteers were selected to receive BoNT injections. Injections were administered using a novel method with two curved reference lines passing a point 15 mm lateral to the lateral canthus (conventional injection) and a point 5 mm lateral to the lateral margin of the frontal process of zygomatic bone (additional injection).

Result

At the lateral canthus level, the distance between the lateral margin of the frontal process and the most lateral margin of the orbicularis oculi muscle was 12.5 ± 1.3 mm. The thickness of the orbicularis oculi muscle at the midpoint of the frontal process, the lateral marginal of the frontal process, and 5 mm lateral to the lateral marginal of the frontal process was 0.7 ± 0.3 mm, 1.1 ± 0.3 mm, and 1.2 ± 0.3 mm, respectively. The crow's feet of the two volunteers began to disappear from day 3 and completely disappeared on day 7 after the injection.

Conclusion

The novel injection technique based on the ultrasonographic anatomy resulted in improvements in the appearance of crow's feet.
How Managers Respond to Paradoxical Control‐Trust Dynamics in Interorganizational Relationships over Time: A Constitutive Approach
Authors: Vedel Jane Bjørn , Geraldi Joana
Published: June 2022

Control‐trust dynamics are fundamental to organizational life, but managers struggle to balance them because these dynamics draw on opposing mechanisms. Past research has mainly assumed that substitution and complementarity constitute key control‐trust dynamics, which has limited scholars' understanding of why these dynamics are difficult to balance and how managers deal with them over time. We explore managers' responses to paradoxical control‐trust dynamics. We conducted a longitudinal case study of how managers in a pharmaceutical company dealt with these dynamics in an interorganizational relationship with a university and a biotech firm. Our findings show (a) a new category of response to control‐trust dynamics beyond substitution and complementarity (the More‐Than), (b) three new enacted responses beyond balancing (paradoxical thinking, fulfilling promises, and transcending), and (c) a governance path that managers' responses evolve over time. Our findings suggest that managers' responses to paradoxical control‐trust dynamics ensure the performance and endurance of interorganizational relationships.
Being and becoming: A psychobiography of James Baldwin
Authors: Reynolds (Taewon Choi) Jason D. , Miller Simonleigh P. , Maleh Nicole T.
Published: June 2022

Introduction

James Baldwin (1924–1987) was a prolific African American author and activist whose writing centered primarily on race, sexuality, and religion. Baldwin’s lived experiences and breadth of knowledge provided him with a unique perspective of the Black experience in America, a theme he frequently revisited in his work and the impetus for his involvement in the Civil Rights Movement

Method

This article presents a psychobiographical application of Queering Black Racial Identity Development to conceptualize the life story of James Baldwin.

Results

This study explores the life of James Baldwin, highlights his influence as a historical figure and agent of social change, and explores the “why” of his life and behavior. Specifically, his decision to return to the United States during the Civil Rights Movement and possible reasons he avoided politicizing his sexuality in the same way he did his racial identity.

Conclusion

As an African American, nonheterosexual, male author and Civil Rights activist, Baldwin’s intersectional identities played a significant role in his decision to dedicate his life to writing and activism. Limitations of the study are discussed.
A trans agent of social change in incarceration: A psychobiographical study of Natasha Keating
Authors: du Plessis Carol , Halliwell Sherree D. , Mullens Amy B. , Sanders Tait , Gildersleeve Jessica , Phillips Tania , Brömdal Annette
Published: June 2022

Objectives

This psychobiography focuses on the advocacy work of Natasha Keating, a trans woman incarcerated in two male prisons in Australia between 2000 and 2007. Incarcerated trans women are a vulnerable group who experience high levels of victimization and discrimination. However, Natasha advocated for her rights while incarcerated and this advocacy contributed to substantial changes in the carceral system. This psychobiography uses psychological understandings of resilience as well as the Transgender Resilience Intervention Model (TRIM) to investigate the factors that enabled this advocacy.

Method

Data consisted of an archive of letters written by Natasha and interviews with individuals who knew her well. This psychobiography was guided by du Plessis' (2017) 12‐step approach and included the identification of psychological saliencies and the construction of a Multilayered Chronological Chart.

Results

Natasha's life is presented in four chapters, with each chapter including a discussion of resilience based on the TRIM.

Conclusions

The TRIM suggests that during incarceration, Natasha was able to access more group‐level resilience factors than at any other time in her life. This, combined with individual resilience factors, enabled her advocacy. This finding has implications for advocacy in general as it highlights the importance of both individual‐ and group‐level factors in enabling individuals to effectively advocate for change in their environments.
A comparative study of antagonistic activity spectra of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented foods
Authors: Garmasheva I.L. , Oleschenko L.T.
Published: June 2022

The present work aimed to assess the general antagonistic activity against opportunistic pathogens and to compare antagonistic action spectra of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains, isolated from Ukrainian traditional fermented foods. Overall, 161 profiles of the antagonistic activity spectrum were obtained from 1056 LAB strains. Among them, 114 profiles were genus-specific and 47 spectra of antagonistic activity were found in LAB strains of different genera. Furthermore, 19 LAB strains were active only against Gram-negative indicator strains and 149 LAB strains only against Gram-positive indicator strains. The size of growth inhibition zones of indicator strains by LAB strains of each genus did not correlate with the level of acidification. Zones of growth inhibition of indicator strains appeared after 6–8 h of incubation and in most cases decreased with further incubation, up to absence after 24 h. The difference in the antagonistic activity of 16-h-old and 24-h-old hours LAB cultures also was found. Among LAB tested, 241 strains are the most promising for further practical use, they have antagonistic action towards 10 indicator strains. The cross-streaking method can be used for rapid screening of bacteriocinogenic LAB strains and has advantages over the well-diffusion assay. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a comparative characteristic of spectra of antagonistic activity against opportunistic pathogens of LAB strains belonging to different genera.
New insights into development and mortality of COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis in a homogenous cohort of 1161 intensive care patients
Authors: Hashim Zia , Nath Alok , Khan Ajmal , Neyaz Zafar , Marak Rungmei S. K. , Areekkara Prasant , Tiwari Atul , Srivastava Shivani , Agarwal Vikas , Saxena Swati , Tripathy Nidhi , Azim Afzal , Gupta Mansi , Mishra Durga Prasanna , Mishra Prabhakar , Singh Ratender Kumar , Gupta Devender , Gupta Anshul , Sanjeev Om Prakash , Ghatak Tanmoy , Ghoshal Ujjala , Dhiman Radha Krishan , Tripathy Naresh Kumar
Published: June 2022

Background

COVID‐19‐associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been widely reported but homogenous large cohort studies are needed to gain real‐world insights about the disease.

Methods

We collected clinical and laboratory data of 1161 patients hospitalised at our Institute from March 2020 to August 2021, defined their CAPA pathology, and analysed the data of CAPA/non‐CAPA and deceased/survived CAPA patients using univariable and multivariable models.

Results

The overall prevalence and mortality of CAPA in our homogenous cohort of 1161 patients were 6.4% and 47.3%, respectively. The mortality of CAPA was higher than that of non‐CAPA patients (hazard ratio: 1.8 [95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.8]). Diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.92 [1.15–3.21]); persistent fever (2.54 [1.17–5.53]); hemoptysis (7.91 [4.45–14.06]); and lung lesions of cavitation (8.78 [2.27–34.03]), consolidation (9.06 [2.03–40.39]), and nodules (8.26 [2.39–28.58]) were associated with development of CAPA by multivariable analysis. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (2.68 [1.09–6.55]), a high computed tomography score index (OR 1.18 [1.08–1.29]; p < .001), and pulse glucocorticoid treatment (HR 4.0 [1.3–9.2]) were associated with mortality of the disease. Whereas neutrophilic leukocytosis (development: 1.09 [1.03–1.15] and mortality: 1.17 [1.08–1.28]) and lymphopenia (development: 0.68 [0.51–0.91] and mortality: 0.40 [0.20–0.83]) were associated with the development as well as mortality of CAPA.

Conclusion

We observed a low but likely underestimated prevalence of CAPA in our study. CAPA is a disease with high mortality and diabetes is a significant factor for its development while ARDS and pulse glucocorticoid treatment are significant factors for its mortality. Cellular immune dysregulation may have a central role in CAPA from its development to mortality.
Space, time and parsimony
Authors: Nolan Daniel
Published: June 2022

This paper argues that all of the standard theories about the divisions of space and time can benefit from, and may need to rely on, parsimony considerations. More specifically, whether spacetime is discrete, gunky or pointy, there are wildly unparsimonious rivals to standard accounts that need to be resisted by proponents of those accounts, and only parsimony considerations offer a natural way of doing that resisting. Furthermore, quantitative parsimony considerations appear to be needed in many of these cases.
Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) accumulation inhibits chloroplast gene expression and promotes super grana formation in the mossPhyscomitrium(Physcomitrella)patens
Authors: Harchouni Seddik , England Samantha , Vieu Julien , Romand Shanna , Aouane Aicha , Citerne Sylvie , Legeret Bertrand , Alric Jean , Li‐Beisson Yonghua , Menand Benoît , Field Benjamin
Published: June 2022

The nucleotides guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate (or (p)ppGpp) are implicated in the regulation of chloroplast function in plants. (p)ppGpp signalling is best understood in the model vascular plantArabidopsis thalianain which it acts to regulate plastid gene expression to influence photosynthesis, plant development and immunity. However, little information is known about the conservation or diversity of (p)ppGpp signalling in other land plants.

We studied the function of ppGpp in the mossPhyscomitrium(previouslyPhyscomitrella)patensusing an inducible system for triggering ppGpp accumulation. We used this approach to investigate the effects of ppGpp on chloroplast function, photosynthesis and growth.

We demonstrate that ppGpp accumulation causes a dramatic drop in photosynthetic capacity by inhibiting chloroplast gene expression. This was accompanied by the unexpected reorganisation of the thylakoid system into super grana. Surprisingly, these changes did not affect gametophore growth, suggesting that bryophytes and vascular plants may have different tolerances to defects in photosynthesis.

Our findings point to the existence of both highly conserved and more specific targets of (p)ppGpp signalling in the land plants that may reflect different growth strategies.
Experimentally heat‐induced transposition increases drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Thieme Michael , Brêchet Arthur , Bourgeois Yann , Keller Bettina , Bucher Etienne , Roulin Anne C.
Published: June 2022

Eukaryotic genomes contain a vast diversity of transposable elements (TEs). Formerly often described as selfish and parasitic DNA sequences, TEs are now recognised as a source of genetic diversity and powerful drivers of evolution. However, because their mobility is tightly controlled by the host, studies experimentally assessing how fast TEs may mediate the emergence of adaptive traits are scarce.

We exposed Arabidopsis thaliana high‐copy TE lines (hcLines) with up to c. eight‐fold increased copy numbers of the heat‐responsive ONSEN TE to drought as a straightforward and ecologically highly relevant selection pressure.

We provide evidence for increased drought tolerance in five out of the 23 tested hcLines and further pinpoint one of the causative mutations to an exonic insertion of ONSEN in the ribose‐5‐phosphate‐isomerase 2 gene. The resulting loss‐of‐function mutation caused a decreased rate of photosynthesis, plant size and water consumption.

Overall, we show that the heat‐induced transposition of a low‐copy TE increases phenotypic diversity and leads to the emergence of drought‐tolerant individuals in A. thaliana. This is one of the rare empirical examples substantiating the adaptive potential of mobilised stress‐responsive TEs in eukaryotes. Our work demonstrates the potential of TE‐mediated loss‐of‐function mutations in stress adaptation.
MicroRNA‐21‐5p functions via RECK/MMP9 as a proalgesic regulator of the blood nerve barrier in nerve injury
Authors: Reinhold Ann Kristin , Krug Susanne M. , Salvador Ellaine , Sauer Reine S. , Karl‐Schöller Franziska , Malcangio Marzia , Sommer Claudia , Rittner Heike L.
Published: June 2022

Both nerve injury and complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) can result in chronic pain. In traumatic neuropathy, the blood nerve barrier (BNB) shielding the nerve is impaired—partly due to dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs). Upregulation of microRNA‐21‐5p (miR‐21) has previously been documented in neuropathic pain, predominantly due to its proinflammatory features. However, little is known about other functions. Here, we characterized miR‐21 in neuropathic pain and its impact on the BNB in a human‐murine back translational approach. MiR‐21 expression was elevated in plasma of patients with CRPS as well as in nerves of mice after transient and persistent nerve injury. Mice presented with BNB leakage, as well as loss of claudin‐1 in both injured and spared nerves. Moreover, the putative miR‐21 target RECK was decreased and downstream Mmp9 upregulated, as was Tgfb. In vitro experiments in human epithelial cells confirmed a downregulation of CLDN1 by miR‐21 mimics via inhibition of the RECK/MMP9 pathway but not TGFB. Perineurial miR‐21 mimic application in mice elicited mechanical hypersensitivity, while local inhibition of miR‐21 after nerve injury reversed it. In summary, the data support a novel role for miR‐21, independent of prior inflammation, in elicitation of pain and impairment of the BNB via RECK/MMP9.
Simplified Chinese Version of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score in Evaluating Patients with Metastatic Spinal Tumor: A Cross‐Cultural Adaptation and Validation
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Wu Chunshuai , Hong Hongxiang , Wang Xiangyu , Zhang Jinlong , Xue Pengfei , Jiang Jiawei , Wang Dan , Cui Zhiming
Published: June 2022

Objective

To translate the original English version of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) into simplified Chinese, adapt it cross‐culturally, validate its psychometric properties in measuring spinal instability in patients with metastatic spinal tumors in the Chinese mainland, examine the reliability and validity to demonstrate its accuracy and applicability in clinical practice.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with metastatic spinal disease between January 2016 and January 2020 were recruited. The number of participants was advised to be at least 50 for appropriate analysis of reliability, construct validity, as well as ceiling or floor effects, and recruitment of 100 patients was advised for internal consistency analysis. The study was conducted in two phases: first, the SINS was translated into simplified Chinese; second, the factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, validity, and floor and ceiling effects of the SC‐SINS were assessed. The internationally recognized cross‐cultural adaptation guidelines were followed. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha. Test–retest reliability was examined among the patients with a 4‐week interval. The validity of the Chinese version of SINS (SC‐SINS) was assessed by examining its relationship with Kostuik classification. Principal component analysis was conducted to confirm the factor structure of each subscale.

Results

A total of 160 participants (88 males and 72 females) were enrolled. No major difficulties occurred in the forward and backward translations of SINS. The internal consistency of SC‐SINS was excellent (Cronbach's α =0.857, ranging from 0.68 to 0.85). Test–retest reliability was also excellent with a value of 0.89, ranging from 0.86 to 0.95. Validity analyses indicated that the SC‐SINS was positively and significantly correlated with Kostuik classification. The correlation between “Posterolateral Involvement of Spinal Elements” and “1‐2 Partial Damage” was the highest with a correlation value of 0.792. The correlation between “Pain” and “1–2 Partial Damage” was the lowest with a value of 0.341. All items showed principal component coefficients greater than 0.4. The values of Factor 1 ranged from 0.523 to 0.681; Factor 2 ranged from 0.591 to 0.731; Factor 3 ranged from 0.613 to 0.754; Factor 4 ranged from 0.461 to 0.711; Factor 5 ranged from 0.513 to 0.701; and Factor 6 ranged from 0.501 to 0.668. In addition, neither floor nor ceiling effects were seen in the SC‐SINS.

Conclusion

The SC‐SINS demonstrated high internal consistency and test–retest reliability, which has been proven valid and reliable to measure spinal stability in patients from the Chinese mainland with metastatic spinal tumor.
First clinical experience using a visualized sheath for atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Khalaph Moneeb , Sommer Philipp , Lucas Philipp , Guckel Denise , Fink Thomas , Sciacca Vanessa , Hamriti Mustapha El , Imnadze Guram , Braun Martin , Sohns Christian , Bergau Leonard
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Recently, a novel steerable sheath allowing its real‐time visualization within a 3D‐mapping system was introduced to facilitate atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.

Aim

This study aimed to assess safety and efficacy of AF ablation using the visualized sheath and to compare its performance with a matched control group of patients who received ablation with conventional and non‐visualized sheaths.

Methods

The study included consecutive patients between 09/2019 and 02/2021 who underwent routine AF ablation using the visualized sheath. Patients were regularly followed‐up in our outpatient's clinic. Arrhythmia recurrence was defined as any atrial fibrillation (AF)/ atrial tachycardia (AT) episode lasting > 30 s after a blanking period of 3 months.

Results

A total number of 100 patients undergoing ablation using the visualized sheath were compared to a group of 99 matched patients. No major complications were observed. Total procedure duration (108 ± 22 min vs. 112 ± 12 min; p = 0.045), fluoroscopy time (7 ± 3 min vs. 10 ± 5 min; p < 0.001) and –dose (507 ± 501 cGy*cm2 vs. 783 ± 433 cGy*cm2; p < 0.001) were significantly lower using the visualized sheath. The benefit in terms of procedure duration was mainly driven by a shortened left atrial dwell time (73 ± 13 min vs. 79 ± 12 min; p = 0.001). During a mean follow‐up of 12 months, the overall procedural success was 85% in the visualized sheath group versus 83% in the control group (p = 0.948).

Conclusion

AF ablation using the novel visualized sheath is safe and effective and leads to a measurable decrease of procedure duration and radiation exposure. The integration of the novel sheath might help to further improve safety and efficacy of AF ablation.
Positive approaches to safety: Learning from what we do well
Authors: Plunkett Adrian , Plunkett Emma
Published: June 2022

Historical and current methodologies in patient safety are based on a deficit‐based model, defining safety as the absence of harm. This model is aligned with the human innate negativity bias and the general philosophy of health care: to diagnose and cure illness and to relieve suffering. While this approach has underpinned measurable progress in healthcare outcomes, a common narrative in the healthcare literature indicates that this progress is stalling or slowing. It is important to learn from and improve poor outcomes, but the deficit‐based approach has some theoretical limitations. In this article, we discuss some of the theoretical limitations of the prevailing approach to patient safety and introduce emerging, complementary approaches in this field of practice. Safety‐II and resilience engineering represent a new paradigm of safety, characterized by focusing on the entirety of work, with a system‐wide lens, rather than single incidents of failure. More overtly positive approaches are available, specifically focusing on success—both outstanding success and everyday success—including exnovation, appreciative inquiry, learning from excellence and positive deviance. These approaches are not mutually exclusive. The new methods described in this article are not intended as replacements of the current methods, rather they are presented as complementary tools, designed to allow the reader to take a balanced and holistic view of patient safety.
Cooled radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves provides 24‐Month durability in the management of osteoarthritic knee pain: Outcomes from a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial
Authors: Lyman Jeffrey , Khalouf Fred , Zora Keith , DePalma Michael , Loudermilk Eric , Guiguis Maged , Beall Douglas , Kohan Lynn , Chen Antonia F.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To assess long‐term outcomes of cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) of genicular nerves for chronic knee pain due to osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

A prospective, observational extension of a randomized, controlled trial was conducted on adults randomized to CRFA. Subjects were part of a 12‐month clinical trial comparing CRFA of genicular nerves to a single hyaluronic injection for treatment of chronic OA knee pain, who then agreed to visits at 18‐ and 24‐months post CRFA and had not undergone another knee procedure since. The subjects were evaluated for pain using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) function using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), subjective benefit using the Global Perceived Effect (GPE) scale, quality of life using the EuroQol‐5‐Dimensions‐5 Level (EQ‐5D‐5L) questionnaire, and safety.

Results

Of 57 subjects eligible, 36 enrolled; 32 completed the 18‐month visit with a mean NRS score of 2.4 and 22 (69%) reporting ≥50% reduction in pain from baseline (primary endpoint); 27 completed the 24‐month visit, with a mean NRS of 3.4 and 17 (63%) reporting ≥50% pain relief. Functional and quality of life improvements persisted similarly, with mean changes from baseline of 53.5% and 34.9% in WOMAC total scores, and 24.8% and 10.7% in EQ‐5D‐5L Index scores, at 18‐ and 24‐months, respectively. There were no identified safety concerns in this patient cohort.

Conclusion

In this subset of subjects, CRFA of genicular nerves provided durable pain relief, improved function, and improved quality of life extending to 24 months post procedure, with no significant safety concerns.
Cuticular transpiration is not affected by enhanced wax and cutin amounts in response to osmotic stress in barley
Authors: Shellakkutti Nandhini , Thangamani Priya Dharshini , Suresh Kiran , Baales Johanna , Zeisler‐Diehl Viktoria , Klaus Alina , Hochholdinger Frank , Schreiber Lukas , Kreszies Tino
Published: June 2022

The plant cuticle, which covers all aerial parts of plants in their primary developmental stage, is the major barrier against water loss from leaves. Accumulation of cutin and waxes has often been linked to drought tolerance. Here we investigated whether cutin and waxes play a role in the drought adaption of barley mimicked by osmotic stress acting on roots. We compared the cuticle properties of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgarespp.vulgare) with wild barley (Hordeum vulgarespp.spontaneum), and tested whether wax and cutin composition or amount and cuticular transpiration could be future breeding targets for more drought‐tolerant barley lines. In response to osmotic stress, accumulation of wax crystals was observed. This coincides with an increased wax and cutin gene expression and a total increase of wax and cutin amounts in leaves, which seems to be a general response triggered through root shoot signalling. Stomatal conductance decreased fast and significantly, whereas cuticular conductance remained unaffected in both wild and cultivated barley. The often‐made conclusion that higher amounts of wax and cutin necessarily reduce cuticular transpiration and thus enhance drought tolerance is not always straightforward. To prevent water loss, stomatal regulation under water stress is much more important than regulation or adaptation of cuticular transpiration in response to drought.
Simulating sedimentation on the Great Bahama Bank – Sources, sinks and storms
Authors: Lopez‐Gamundi Cecilia , Dobbelaere Thomas , Hanert Emmanuel , Harris Paul M. , Eberli Gregor , Purkis Sam J.
Published: June 2022

This study developed a high‐fidelity hydrodynamic simulation of sediment production, transport and deposition for the Great Bahama Bank. This model was run with a time‐step of 15 min for the entirety of 2016, forced by tides, off‐platform circulation and wind. Encompassed in this run are 364 days of fair‐weather conditions and two days when the passage of Category 4 Matthew brought hurricane‐force winds to the platform. This simulation therefore offers an excellent opportunity to contrast the sway of fair‐weather and storm‐weather conditions on sculpting the facies arrangement atop this 100 000 km2 shallow‐water carbonate platform. The work suggests that fair‐weather conditions are sufficient to deliver the platform's broad‐scale facies patterns. Even the lethargic currents of the platform interior can move mud (<63 μm) over 200 km from its source over the course of one year. Intense focusing of tidal currents between islands and close to the platform margin are ample to move coarse grains (>450 μm), at least locally, as is necessary to produce the vast ooid fairways for which the Great Bahama Bank is famed. Even at the height of Hurricane Matthew, average current speeds in these tidally‐dominated areas do not exceed the speeds simulated for fair‐weather conditions. Hence, the hurricane has negligible effect in these high‐energy areas. The hurricane does not have zero impact, though. For up to 110 km either side of the storm's track, winds exceeding 26 m/s induce currents that winnow mud over longer distances than delivered by fair‐weather conditions. Hence, the storm has a sedimentological signature which, albeit minor, might propagate into the depositional architecture of the platform when scaled over many storms through geological time. This work informs on the role of uniformitarianism versus catastrophism on carbonate sedimentation and casts doubt on geological interpretations of coarse‐grained storm deposits (tempestites) atop shallow‐water platforms.
The HLA‐B*15:02:01:05 allele identified by two next‐generation sequencing methods in a Japanese individual
Authors: Khor Seik‐Soon , Omae Yosuke , Tokunaga Katsushi
Published: June 2022

HLA‐B*15:02:01:05 differs from HLA‐B*15:02:01:01 by four nucleotides in 3′UTR at positions 3435, 3457, 3472, and 3511.
A persistent Hadean–Eoarchean protocrust in the western Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia
Authors: Dröllner Maximilian , Kirkland Christopher L. , Barham Milo , Evans Noreen J. , McDonald Bradley J.
Published: June 2022

Deciphering the composition and extent of Earth's earliest continents is hampered by the scarcity of preserved Hadean–Eoarchean material. Here, we report U–Pb and Lu–Hf data of detrital zircon from sediments proximal to the Archean Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia. This detrital cargo, in part derived from the crystalline basement of the southwestern Yilgarn Craton and its conjugate terranes, helps to resolve the ancient substrate of the craton. Zircon Hf isotopes point to a Hadean–Eoarchean crustal vestige that has remained isotopically coherent over 2 Gyr of episodic crustal reworking. Geophysical characteristics suggest a distinct 100,000 km2 region of ancient protocrust beneath much of the western Yilgarn Craton, cropping out in the Narryer Terrane. Comparison with global data reveals similar Hf isotope trends in many other cratons documenting the widespread existence of voluminous protocrust and implying extensive reservoir extraction at c. 4,000–3,800 Ma.
Non–von Neumann multi-input spike signal processing enabled by an artificial synaptic multiplexer
Authors: Ho Dong Hae , Roe Dong Gue , Choi Yoon Young , Kim Seongchan , Choi Young Jin , Kim Do Hwan , Jo Sae Byeok , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: June 2022

Multiplexing is essential for technologies that require processing of a large amount of information in real time. Here, we present an artificial synaptic multiplexing unit capable of realizing parallel multi-input control system. Ion gel was used as a dielectric layer of the artificial synaptic multiplexing unit because of its ionic property, allowing multigating for parallel input. A closed-loop control system that enables multi-input–based feedback for actuator bending control was realized by incorporating an ion gel–based artificial synaptic multiplexing unit, an actuator, and a bending angle sensor. The proposed multi-input control system could simultaneously process input and feedback signals, offering a breakthrough in industries in which the processing of vast amounts of streaming data is essential.
Seismostratigraphic analysis of Lake Cahuilla sedimentation cycles and fault displacement history beneath the Salton Sea, California, USA
Authors: Brothers Daniel S. , Driscoll Neal W. , Kent Graham M. , Baskin Robert L. , Harding Alistair J. , Kell Annie M.
Published: June 2022

The Salton Trough (southeastern California, USA) is the northernmost transtensional stepover of the Gulf of California oblique-divergent plate boundary and is also where the southern terminus of the San Andreas fault occurs. Until recently, the distribution of active faults in and around the Salton Sea and their displacement histories were largely unknown. Subbottom CHIRP (compressed high-intensity radar pulse) surveys in the Salton Sea are used to develop a seismic facies model for ancient Lake Cahuilla deposits, a detailed map of submerged active faults, and reconstructed fault displacement histories during the late Holocene. We observe as many as fourteen Lake Cahuilla sequences in the Salton Sea (last ~3 k.y.) and develop a chronostratigraphic framework for the last six sequences (last ~1200 yr) by integrating CHIRP data and cone penetrometer logs with radiocarbon-dated stratigraphy at an onshore paleoseismic site. The Salton Sea contains northern and southern subbasins that appear to be separated by a tectonic hinge zone, and a subsidence signal across hinge-zone faults of 6–9 mm/yr (since ca. A.D. 940) increases toward the south to >15 mm/yr. The faults mapped to the south of the hinge zone appear to accommodate transtension within the San Andreas–Imperial fault stepover. We identify 8–15 distinct growth events across hinge-zone faults, meaning growth occurred at least once every 100 yr since Lake Cahuilla sedimentation began. Several faults offset the top of the most recent Lake Cahuilla highstand deposits, and at least two faults have offset the Salton Sea flood deposits. Active faults and folds were also mapped to a limited extent within the northern subbasin and display growth, but their kinematics and rupture histories require further study. The broad distribution of active faulting suggests that strain between the San Andreas, San Jacinto, and Imperial faults is highly distributed, thus discrepancies between geologic and geodetic slip-rate estimates from these major fault systems are to be expected.
Correlates of and changes in aerobic physical activity and strength training before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: findings from the HEBECO study
Authors: Herbec Aleksandra , Schneider Verena , Fisher Abigail , Kale Dimitra , Shahab Lion , Lally Phillippa
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Understanding changes in moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity (MVPA) and muscle-strengthening activity (MSA) at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic and their correlates (socio-demographics, health characteristics, living and exercise conditions and pre-pandemic MVPA/MSA) can inform interventions.

Design

A cross-sectional analysis of retrospective and concurrent data on MVPA/MSA.

Setting

An online survey in the UK.

Participants

2657 adults (weighted n=2442, 53.6% women) participating in the baseline survey (29 April 2020–14 June 2020) of the HEalth BEhaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic (HEBECO) study.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Meeting WHO-recommended levels for MVPA/MSA/both (vs meeting neither) during the first lockdown and changes in MVPA/MSA from before to since the COVID-19 pandemic following stratification for pre-pandemic MVPA/MSA.

Results

A third of adults maintained (30.4%), decreased (36.2%) or increased (33.4%) MVPA. For MSA, the percentages were 61.6%, 18.2% and 20.2%, respectively. MVPA increased or decreased by an average of 150 min/week and 219 min/week, respectively, and MSA by 2 days/week. Meeting both MSA+MVPA recommendations since COVID-19 (vs meeting neither) was positively associated with meeting MVPA+MSA before COVID-19 (adjusted OR (aOR)=16.11, 95% CI 11.24 to 23.07) and education: post-16 years of age (aOR=1.57, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.17), and negatively associated with having obesity (aOR=0.49, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.73), older age (65+ years vs ≤34 years; aOR=0.53, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.87) and annual household income of <50 000 GBP (aOR=0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.91). The odds for decreasing MVPA were lower for white ethnicity (aOR=0.62, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.86), education: post-16 years of age (aOR=0.73, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.91) and access to garden/balcony (aOR=0.75, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.94), and were higher for those living in total isolation (aOR=3.81, 95% CI 2.33 to 6.23), with deteriorated psychological well-being (aOR=1.40, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.71) and conditions limiting physical activity (aOR=1.74, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.39). The odds for decreasing MSA were higher for having overweight (aOR=1.88, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.55), obesity (aOR=23.38, 95% CI 2.23 to 5.14) and being employed (aOR=1.81, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.46).

Conclusion

Aerobic and strength training were differently impacted during the first UK lockdown, with poorer outcomes associated with older age, lower education and higher body mass index. Targeted interventions may be required to avoid pandemic-related inequities in physical activity.
Understanding personality pathology in a clinical sample of youth: study protocol for the longitudinal research project ‘APOLO’
Authors: Koster Nagila , Lusin Igor , van der Heijden Paul T , Laceulle Odilia M , van Aken Marcel A G
Published: June 2022

Introduction

We propose that a dimensional, multilayered perspective is well suited to study maladaptive personality development in youth. Such a perspective can help understand pathways to personality pathology and contribute to its early detection. The research project ‘APOLO’ (a Dutch language acronym for Adolescents and their Personality Development: a Longitudinal Study) is designed based on McAdams’ integrative three-layered model of personality development and assesses the interaction between dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, the narrative identity and functioning.

Methods and analysis

APOLO is a longitudinal research project that takes place in two outpatient mental healthcare centres. Participants are youth between 12 years and 23 years and their parents. Data collection is set up to build a data set for scientific research, as well as to use the data for diagnostic assessment and systematic treatment evaluation of individual patients. Measurements are conducted half-yearly for a period of 3 years and consist of self-report and informant-report questionnaires and a semistructured interview. The included constructs fit the dimensional model of personality development: maladaptive personality traits (dispositional traits), social relations, stressful life events (characteristic adaptations), a turning point (narrative identity) and functioning (eg, achievement of youth specific milestones). Primary research questions will be analysed using structural equation modelling.

Ethics and dissemination

The results will contribute to our understanding of (the development of) personality pathology as a complex phenomenon in which both structural personality characteristics as well as unique individual adaptations and experiences play a role. Furthermore, results will give directions for early detection and timely interventions. This study has been approved by the ethical review committee of the Utrecht University Faculty for Social and Behavioural Sciences (FETC17-092). Data distribution will be anonymous and results will be disseminated via communication canals appropriate for diverse audiences. This includes both clinical and scientific conferences, papers published in national and international peer-reviewed journals and (social) media platforms.
Making the most of existing research: an evidence gap map of the effects of food systems interventions in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Storhaug Ingunn Gilje , Lane Charlotte , Moore Nick , Engelbert Mark , Sparling Thalia Morrow , Franich Amber , Rolker Heike , Snilstveit Birte
Published: June 2022

Objective

Identify and describe the available evidence on the effects food systems interventions on food security and nutrition outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries.

Methods

An adapted version of the high-level panel of experts food systems framework defined the interventions and outcomes included studies. Included study designs were experimental and quasi-experimental quantitative impact evaluations and systematic reviews. Following standards for evidence gap maps developed by 3ie, a systematic search of 17 academic databases and 31 sector-specific repositories in May 2020 identified articles for inclusion. Trained consultants screened titles/abstracts, then full texts of identified articles. Studies meeting eligibility criteria had meta-data systematically extracted and were descriptively analysed. Systematic reviews were critically appraised.

Results

The map includes 1838 impact evaluations and 178 systematic reviews. The most common interventions, with over 100 impact evaluations and 20 systematic reviews each, were: provision of supplements, fortification, nutrition classes, direct provision of foods and peer support/counselling. Few studies addressed national-level interventions or women’s empowerment. The most common final outcomes were: anthropometry, micronutrient status, and diet quality and adequacy. Intermediate outcomes were less studied.

Most evaluations were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa (33%) or South Asia (20%). Many studies occurred in lower-middle-income countries (43%); few (7%) were in fragile countries. Among studies in a specific age group, infants were most frequently included (19%); 14% of these also considered mothers.

Few evaluations considered qualitative or cost analysis; 75% used randomisation as the main identification strategy.

Discussion

The uneven distribution of research means that some interventions have established impacts while other interventions, often affecting large populations, are underevaluated. Areas for future research include the evaluation of national level policies, evaluation of efforts to support women’s empowerment within the food system, and the synthesis of dietary quality. Quasi-experimental approaches should be adopted to evaluate difficult to randomise interventions.
Outcomes of psychiatric interviews and self-rated symptom scales in people on sick leave for common mental disorders: an observational study
Authors: af Winklerfelt Hammarberg Sandra , Westman Jeanette , Hange Dominique , Finnes Anna , Björkelund Cecilia , Hällgren Jonas , Skoglund Ingmarie , Nager Anna
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To investigate the correspondence between diagnoses on sick leave certificates and diagnoses made in structured psychiatric interviews. Secondary aims were to investigate length of sick leave by diagnoses on sick leave certificates, diagnoses made in structured interviews and symptom severity.

Design

Observational study consisting of a secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial and an observational study.

Setting

The regions of Stockholm and Västra Götaland, Sweden.

Participants

480 people on sick leave for common mental disorders.

Interventions

Participants were examined with structured psychiatric interviews and self-rated symptom severity scales.

Outcome measures

(1) Sick leave certificate diagnoses, (2) diagnoses from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Self-rated Stress-Induced Exhaustion Disorder (SED) Instrument (s-ED), (3) symptom severity (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale-self-rating version and the Karolinska Exhaustion Disorder Scale) and (4) number of sick leave days.

Results

There was little correspondence between diagnoses on sick leave certificates and diagnoses made in structured psychiatric interviews. Many participants on sick leave for SED, anxiety disorder or depression fulfilled criteria for other mental disorders. Most on sick leave for SED (76%) and anxiety disorder (67%) had depression (p=0.041). Length of sick leave did not differ by certificate diagnoses. Participants with SED (s-ED) had longer sick leave than participants without SED (144 vs 84 days; 1.72 (1.37–2.16); p<0.001). More severe symptoms were associated with longer sick leave.

Conclusion

Diagnoses on sick leave certificates did not reflect the complex and overlapping nature of the diagnoses found in the structured psychiatric interviews. This finding is relevant to the interpretation of information from health data registers, including studies and guidelines based on these data. A result of clinical interest was that more severe symptoms predicted long-term sick leave better than actual diagnoses.
Investigation of the use of a sensor bracelet for the presymptomatic detection of changes in physiological parameters related to COVID-19: an interim analysis of a prospective cohort study (COVI-GAPP)
Authors: Risch Martin , Grossmann Kirsten , Aeschbacher Stefanie , Weideli Ornella C , Kovac Marc , Pereira Fiona , Wohlwend Nadia , Risch Corina , Hillmann Dorothea , Lung Thomas , Renz Harald , Twerenbold Raphael , Rothenbühler Martina , Leibovitz Daniel , Kovacevic Vladimir , Markovic Andjela , Klaver Paul , Brakenhoff Timo B , Franks Billy , Mitratza Marianna , Downward George S , Dowling Ariel , Montes Santiago , Grobbee Diederick E , Cronin Maureen , Conen David , Goodale Brianna M , Risch Lorenz
Published: June 2022

Objectives

We investigated machinelearningbased identification of presymptomatic COVID-19 and detection of infection-related changes in physiology using a wearable device.

Design

Interim analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Setting, participants and interventions

Participants from a national cohort study in Liechtenstein were included. Nightly they wore the Ava-bracelet that measured respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), wrist-skin temperature (WST) and skin perfusion. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed by molecular and/or serological assays.

Results

A total of 1.5 million hours of physiological data were recorded from 1163 participants (mean age 44±5.5 years). COVID-19 was confirmed in 127 participants of which, 66 (52%) had worn their device from baseline to symptom onset (SO) and were included in this analysis. Multi-level modelling revealed significant changes in five (RR, HR, HRV, HRV ratio and WST) device-measured physiological parameters during the incubation, presymptomatic, symptomatic and recovery periods of COVID-19 compared with baseline. The training set represented an 8-day long instance extracted from day 10 to day 2 before SO. The training set consisted of 40 days measurements from 66 participants. Based on a random split, the test set included 30% of participants and 70% were selected for the training set. The developed long short-term memory (LSTM) based recurrent neural network (RNN) algorithm had a recall (sensitivity) of 0.73 in the training set and 0.68 in the testing set when detecting COVID-19 up to 2 days prior to SO.

Conclusion

Wearable sensor technology can enable COVID-19 detection during the presymptomatic period. Our proposed RNN algorithm identified 68% of COVID-19 positive participants 2 days prior to SO and will be further trained and validated in a randomised, single-blinded, two-period, two-sequence crossover trial.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN51255782; Pre-results.