bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of chlorine-containing detergent and disinfectants based on ampholyte surfactant alkyldimethylamine oxide
Authors:   LLC «NORDKHIM», Matveichuk Yu.V.
Published: November 2023

Purpose. Compare the stability of sodium hypochlorite (according to the loss of active chlorine) in the presence of an ampholytic surfactant – alkyldimethylamine oxide (amine oxide) from different manufacturers. Materials and Methods. Determination of the mass fraction of active chlorine in the manufactured samples of detergents and disinfectants was carried out by the method of iodometric titration. Results. Three samples of a hypochlorite detergent-disinfectant using amine oxide from various manufacturers were studied: Aromox 14D-W970 (Nouryon company), Ammonyx LO (Stepan company), alkyl dimethylamine oxide (Monastyrikha Chemical Plant LLC). The initial content of active chlorine in all samples was 1.8% wt. The period of observation of the samples was 14 months. Hypochlorite detergent-disinfectant based on amine oxide produced by Monastyrikha Chemical Plant LLC can have a shelf life of not more than 6 months, based on Aromox 14D-W970 – 12 months, based on Ammonyx LO – 8 months. Conclusion. Thus, the stability of sodium hypochlorite (according to the loss of active chlorine) in the composition of detergents and disinfectants, which includes an ampholytic surfactant - amine oxide from various manufacturers, was studied. Taking into account the above factors, a hypochlorite detergent-disinfectant can be manufactured in two versions: the first is a cheaper product with a 6-month shelf life based on alkyl dimethylamine oxide LLC Monastyrikha Chemical Plant, the second is a product with a 12-month shelf life based on Aromox 14D-W970.
A framework for ecological restoration cost accounting across context and scale
Authors: Andres Samantha , Mills Charlotte , Gallagher Rachael , Adams Vanessa
Published: November 2023

Restoration programs that can deliver implementation outcomes across large-scales are critical to achieving global conservation targets such as Target 2 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Yet, limited funding poses a strong barrier to the achievement of these ambitious goals, suggesting the adoption of emerging technologies capable of delivering cost-effective solutions to restoration at scale may be required. To date, there has been limited reporting of restoration implementation costs at scales that are meaningful for decision making, hindering the capacity for evidence-based comparisons of existing and emerging restoration methods. Here, we demonstrate the application of a detailed, framework that addresses the shortcomings of previous frameworks by matching the costs of conservation actions to their outcomes across multiple scales. We estimate the financial costs of two planting methods from the perspective of a restoration practitioner comparing an established method (tubestock planting) to an emerging method (drone seeding: seed pelleting and delivery via drones), across five spatial scales (1, 10, 100, 500, and 1,000 hectares). Using data from a hypothetical case-study, we show that both methods exhibit economies of scale (decrease in the cost per hectare to action with increase in scale); however, the economies of scale were greater for drone seeding. Our framework allows for transparent cost accounting of project implementation, to guide practitioners and policy makers when budgeting and reporting costs for future projects. Users of this framework can also explore if and how context influences the costs of restoration to maximise the delivery of cost-efficient restoration at scale.
NDUFB9 is differentially expressed in central nervous system metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: November 2023

Metastasis to the brain occurs in a significant fraction of patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published RNA-sequencing and microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B9, encoded by NDUFB9, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. NDUFB9 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Expression of NDUFB9 in primary tumors was correlated with patient overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival. Modulation of NDUFB9 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
How Affective Relationships and Classroom Norms Shape Perceptions of Aggressor, Victim, and Defender Roles
Authors: Lintner Tomas , Klocek Adam , Ropovik Ivan , Kollerová Lenka
Published: November 2023

Reputational peer nominations are a common method for measuring involvement in aggression-related behaviors, encompassing the roles of aggressor, victim, and defender, but may be influencedby students’ affective (dis)liking relationships. This social network study investigated whether dyad-and group-level (dis)liking relationships affect perceptions of classmates’ involvement in physicalaggression and explored the moderating roles of classroom moral disengagement and defendingnorms. The study employed a longitudinal design with two time points six months apart, encompassing27 classrooms and 632 early adolescents. Using multiplex stochastic actor-oriented modeling, we foundthat liking, but not disliking, significantly influenced perceptions. Liking a classmate increased thelikelihood of perceiving them as a defender. Moreover, students’ own perceptions (aggressor, victim,and defender nominations) were shaped by the perceptions of classmates they liked, while classroommoral disengagement reduced this influence for defender nominations. Results on classroomdefending norms were mixed. Our findings underscore the importance of accounting for students’liking relationships and classroom-level norms to reduce bias in peer nominations and improve theaccuracy of assessments of aggression-related behaviors.
Visualizing emotions with linearly parameterizedfacial expressions
Authors: Dirnstorfer Stefan
Published: November 2023

The key challenge of affective computing is to translate subjective emotional experiences intomeasurable data. Most recent advances in that field have relied on facial expressions asindicators for inner emotional states.Our current understanding of these expressions is categorical, i.e.there are some subjective feelings that are understood to be indicatedby specific faces. There is no agreed measure for their distance and noclear rule for how emotions can combine or do exclude.The computational processing of emotions therefore mostly relies oncompositional approaches using intependent dimensions, like valence and arousal. However, these methods lacka consistent mapping to a facial expression that turned out so crucial for theidentification of emotional states.This paper seeks to solve this problem by introducing a consistent facial visualisationfor a five dimensional model. A graphical representation as a comic style facial expression is provided inexamples, explanations and code. It visualises emotions in a comically exaggerated style,similar to the successful emojis used in electronic communication.All graphical parameters depend linearly onthe input dimensions (valence, arousal, dominance, contempt and control).This might be a rough and crude method. It might not even be a good one,but it is at least something linear in the space of emotions.Empirical results from crowd workers confirm that the encoded emotionalinformation can be recorgnized intuitively and without further training.
Scalable Probabilistic Modeling of Working Memory Performance
Authors: Rojo Mariluz , Maddula Pranav , Fu Dan , Guo Minzhe , Zheng Ethan , Grande Álvaro , Pahor Anja , Jaeggi Susanne , Seitz Aaron , Goffney Imani , Ramani Geetha , Gardner Jacob R. , Barbour Dennis L.
Published: November 2023

A standard approach for evaluating a cognitive variable involves designing a test procedure targeting that variable and then validating test results in a sample population. To extend this functionality to other variables, additional tests are designed and validated in the same way. Test batteries are constructed by concatenating individual tests. This approach is convenient for the designer because it is modular. However, it is not scalable because total testing time grows proportionally with test count, limiting the practical size of a test battery. Cross-test models can inform the relationships between explicit or implicit cognitive variables but do not shorten test time and cannot readily accommodate subpopulations who exhibit different relationships than average. An alternate modeling framework using probabilistic machine learning can rectify these shortcomings, resulting in item-level prediction from individualized models while requiring fewer data points than current methods. To validate this approach, a Gaussian process probabilistic classifier was used to model young adult and simulated spatial working memory task performance as a psychometric function. This novel test instrument was evaluated for accuracy, reliability and efficiency relative to a conventional method recording the maximum spatial sequence length recalled. The novel method exhibited extremely low bias, as well as test-retest reliability 30% higher than the conventional method under standard testing conditions. Efficiency was consistent with other adaptive psychometric threshold estimation strategies, with 30–50 samples needed for consistently reliable estimates. While these results demonstrate that similar spatial working memory tasks can be effectively modeled as psychometric functions by any method, the advantage of the novel method is that it is scalable to accommodate much more complex models, such as those including additional executive functions. Further, it was designed with tremendous flexibility to incorporate informative theory, ancillary data, previous cohort performance, previous individual performance, and/or current individual performance for improved predictions. The result is a promising method for behavioral modeling that can be readily extended to capture complex individual task performance.
Memories of angering events: Word count analysis of autobiographical recall of angering events
Authors: Szymaniak Kinga , Harmon-Jones Cindy , Pizzocri Lorena , Harmon-Jones Eddie
Published: November 2023

The current research explored the language individuals use to describe their memories of times they experienced intense anger. Word count analysis of these memories was conducted using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count program (LIWC; Pennebaker et al., 2022). Angry memories were compared with neutral memories (Study 1) and fearful, sad, anxious, and disgust memories (Studies 2 and 3). These latter comparison conditions were useful as they compared discrete emotions that were similar to anger in negativity and arousal. Some of the most consistent and striking differences were that angry memories, as compared to other memories, included: more social words (personal pronouns, social processes, affiliation, males, females); more words relating to agency/coping potential (clout, drive, power); more words related to justification (moralization, politeness); and more words related to conflict (conflict, communication). These results suggest that angry memories exhibit unique linguistic characteristics.
The Watching Eyes Effect Predicts In-Game Penalties for Professional Sports
Authors: Markowitz David Matthew
Published: November 2023

The “watching eyes effect” suggests implicit surveillance cues like eyes can facilitate prosocial behavior, or at least a reduction in antisocial behavior compared to situations without such cues. This effect has been replicated and extended in various domains, yet mixed and heterogenous findings at the meta-analytic level require additional research to understand how eye cues may link to behavioral outcomes in different settings. The current study tested the watching eyes effect in a field study using National Football League data from 2016-2022 (N = 930 games), using penalties per game as a proxy for antisocial behavior (e.g., behavior that is reputationally damaging to oneself or one’s group) in professional sport. Teams playing opponents with eyes in their logos had nearly 7% fewer penalties per game, on average, than teams playing opponents without eyes, largely supporting the reputational hypothesis that argues eye cues (compared to the absence of eye cues) link to a reduction in antisocial behavior out of concern for being seen as a good, competent, or credible player for one’s team. Exploratory analyses further suggested the area of the eye in each logo was negatively associated with penalty rates, indicating how eye size is a critical component of the watching eyes effect as well. Implications for this replication study are discussed.
Pathways to Prosocial Leadership: An Online Experiment on the Effects of External Subsidies and the Relative Price of Giving
Authors: Robbins Blaine G , Karell Daniel , Siegenthaler Simon , Kamm Aaron
Published: November 2023

Leaders are a part of virtually every group and organization, and while they help solve the various collective action problems that groups face, they can also be unprincipled and incompetent, pursuing their own interests over those of the group. What types of circumstances foster prosocial leadership and motivate leaders to pursue group interests? In a modified dictator game (N = 798), we examine the effects of piece-rate subsidies (or pay per unit of work performed) and the relative price of giving (or the size of the benefit to others for giving) on prosocial behavior and norms about giving. We find that subsidies increase giving by leaders, that the relative price of giving is unrelated to prosocial behavior, and that neither affects norms about giving. Furthermore, the introduction and removal of a subsidy does not undermine giving over time. Our results imply that subsidies increase group welfare by motivating leaders to allocate a larger share of resources to group members.
Electrochemical Processes in Sulfite Gold Plating Solutions and Some Properties of Gold Coatings
Authors:   Perm State University, Perm, Russia, Petukhov Igor V. , Popova Anna M. ,   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument-Making Company, Perm, Russia, Kichigin Vladimir I. ,   Perm State University, Perm, Russia
Published: November 2023

The kinetics of gold electrodeposition from Au(I) sulfite solutions have been studied by impedance spectroscopy and polarization measurements on a rotating disk electrode. Two solutions were used: a Na3Au(SO3)2-based electrolyte with 2,2-bipyridine as stabilizing additive and an electrolyte containing (NH4)3Au(SO3)2. The polarization curves show a rise in current with increasing rotation speed of the electrode up to 300 rpm. It was found that contributions to the impedance spectra come from the steps of charge transfer and gold ad atom incorporation into the crystal lattice, as well as from the relaxation of surface coverage with adsorbed species in an inhibiting layer. An equivalent electrical circuit was suggested to describe the impedance spectra. This circuit provides good approximation of impedance plots for both electrolytes at all electrode potentials. The overall cathodic reaction in both electrolytes appears to consist of the steps of the same nature. Some properties of the Au coatings (micro hardness, size of crystallites) were also determined. Soft gold coatings with micro hardness of 0.66 GPa are obtained from the electrolyte based on (NH4)3Au(SO3)2, the coatings with a higher micro hardness (~0.85 GPa) are deposited from the electrolyte containing 2,2-bipyridine.
INTEGRATION IN DISTANCE EDUCATION AND PERSPECTIVES OF ITS USE IN TEACHING SOCIAL SCIENCES
Authors:   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, VIENTSEVA N. , MAKARENKO T. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет, MYROSHNYCHENKO V. ,   Бердянський державний педагогічний університет
Published: November 2023

У статті визначено перспективи використання інтеграційних процесів у змісті суспільствознавчих дисциплін при дистанційному навчанні. Авторами застосовувалися методи аналізу, синтезу, систематизації, узагальнення; категоріальний та функціональний аналіз, опитування. У дослідженні на основі аналізу широкого кола джерел та літератури уточнено поняття інтеграція, яке розглядається як регенерація та консолідація змісту окремих дидактичних одиниць та цілих тем різних дисциплін, суспільних та природних явищ у певну цілісність, інтеграцію фактів, узагальнення ідей, об'єднання понять, формування принципів, формулювання законів та теорій, на яких базується зміст предметних компетентностей у процесі дистанційного навчання. Доведено, що оскільки система освіти є одним із соціальних інститутів, її розвиток визначається зміною потреб суспільства, обумовленим характером і досягненнями науково-технічного та соціального прогресу. Одним із перспективних напрямів такого розвитку є використання інтеграційних процесів у змісті суспільствознавчих дисциплін при дистанційному навчанні, під час якого відбувається фундаменталізація знань, відмова від вузьких тем та перехід до універсалізації, загального сприйняття світу, посилення економічної та правової підготовки. Під інтеграцією в дистанційному навчанні розуміється складний та насичений процес формування нових предметних знань, що може реалізовуватися в діалектичний єдності з протилежно спрямованою диференціацією, яка проявляється, перш за все, у появі нових напрямів в одній і тій же освітній галузі (суспільні науки). Інтеграція змісту міждисциплінарних завдань під час викладання суспільствознавчих дисциплін дає можливість сформувати структуру дистанційного навчання, яка допомагає учню розвивати предметні компетентності, універсальні знання, можливості синтезу набутих теоретичних знань, необхідних умінь та практичних навичок. Ключові слова: заклад загальної середньої освіти, дистанційне навчання, інтеграція.
«DIIA. EDUCATION» PLATFORM AS AN EXAMPLE OF GADGETALIZATION IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Полтавський національний педагогічний університет імені В. Г. Короленка, MOKLIAK V. , BONDARENKO T. ,   Вища школа публічного управління
Published: November 2023

У статті схарактеризовано функційний потенціал освітньої платформи «Дія.Освіта», що стала оновленим варіантом платформи «Дія. Цифрова освіта». Окреслена платформа стала унормованим логічним наслідком роботи науковців, державних службовців, працівників галузі ІТ, викладачів, тренерів, практиків та зацікавлених осіб. «Дія.Освіта» покликана формувати інформаційну компетентність українців. Зазначимо, що використання людством сучасних інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій для посилення важливості інформації як ресурсу для свого розвитку та важливості інтелектуальних здібностей громадян справді на часі є безапеляційно значущим елементом. Проаналізовано дидактичний потенціал окресленої платформи «Дія.Освіта» за рахунок презентації її контент-наповнення. Серед них: курси, розроблені студією онлайн-освіти EdEra за підтримки компаній Google, Microsoft, Академія ДТЕК, ПРООН UNDP, EGAP, CISCO, Освіторія та Global Teacher Prize; освітні серіали; гайди; симулятори; вебінари; подкасти. Окрему увагу приділено модулю «Персональна траєкторія навчання», що передбачає індивідуальний підбір матеріалу під бажання здобувача. Звернуто увагу і на двомовний інтерфейс платформи, що одночасно виконує дві функції: удосконалення іншомовної компетентності; розширення кола потенційних користувачів платформи. Розглянуто ключову причину популяризації базової версії платформи «Дія.Цифрова освіта» – пандемія коронавірусу, котра поширилися на теренах нашої країни, стала одним з таких каталізаторів гаджеталізації як такої. Продемонстровано також основну причину оновлення освітньої платформи – геополітична ситуація в країні, спричинена воєнними діями країни-агресорки, що, у свою чергу, призвела до зміни попиту на ринку праці, відсутності роботи. Представлено алгоритм дій на сайті для оптимального та максимально ефективного користування платформою. Звернуто увагу на популяризацію «Дія.Освіта» як технологічного продукту закордоном, осібно в Європарламенті та в США. Описано потенційну колаборацію – партнерство із Замбією та Колумбією щодо експорту «Дії». Ключові слова: цифровізація, гаджеталізація, діджиталізація, «Дія», «Дія.Освіта», освітній портал.
USAGE OF INTERACTIVE PLATFORMS FOR LEARNING ENGLISH BY INTENDING PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS
Authors:   Глухівський національний педагогічний університет імені Олександра Довженка, PINCHUK I.
Published: November 2023

Сьогодні в Україні відбуваються зміни в сучасних концептуальних засадах національної системи освіти. Модернізація процесу підготовки майбутніх учителів початкової школи передбачає підвищення вимог до їх професійного рівня з метою реалізації Нового державного стандарту освіти, який передбачає формування англомовної компетентності на рівні В2. З огляду на це проблема розвитку англомовної комунікативної компетентності майбутніх учителів початкової школи під час навчання в закладах вищої освіти є актуальною. Це сприятиме підвищенню їх конкурентоспроможності. Більшість закладів вищої освіти України сьогодні працюють у змішаному або дистанційному форматі. Тому метою статті є дослідити найпопулярніші інтерактивні платформи для вивчення англійської мови здобувачами вищої освіти, визначити їх переваги та недоліки, встановити основні причини їх використання. Із метою отримання даних про найпопулярніші інтерактивні платформи для вивчення англійської мови було проведено анонімне опитування студентів та викладачів. Воно показало бажання студентів використовувати інтерактивні платформи для вивчення англійської мови. Дослідження дало змогу визначити основні переваги використання інтерактивних додатків вивчення англійської мови: зручність та доступність, інтерактивність, персоналізований підхід, спільнота користувачів, миттєвий зворотний зв'язок, варіативність контенту. На основі використання методів спостереження, бесіди, опитування, анкетування, аналізу інтерактивних платформ для вивчення англійської мови визначено переваги та недоліки зазначених платформ та їх використання. Досліджено, що найпопулярнішими інтерактивними платформами для вивчення англійської мови студентами вищих навчальних закладів сьогодні є Duolingo, Rosetta Stone, Babbel, Memrise, EnglishClub, British Council Learn English, EnglishDom, BBC Learning English. Платформи можуть надавати різноманітний контент, включаючи різні типи вправ, тематичні курси, інтерактивні відео та багато іншого. Це допомагає залучати студентів і підтримувати їхній інтерес протягом навчання. Ключові слова: інтерактивні платформи для вивчення англійської мови, майбутні вчителі початкової школи, дистанційне навчання, англомовна компетентність.
STRESS CAUSED BY THE EFFECTS OF ADMINISTRATIVE STUDENTS IN PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS ON CLASSROOM TEACHERS
Authors: AY Hilal Sevtap , ÇELİK Ülkü Mehtap , GİRGİN Halil
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research is to reveal the stress caused by the attitudes and attitudes of administrators in special education schools and classroom teachers, and to guide those concerned with suggestions aimed at minimizing the stress that these behaviors of administrators cause on classroom teachers. The research is limited to the opinions obtained from special education classroom teachers working in Special Education schools in Üsküdar District of Istanbul Province in the 2019-2020 academic year. In order to collect data in the research, a survey was applied to two hundred special education classroom teachers; The stress experienced by teachers due to their administrators was examined. The information obtained as a result of the survey applied to the teachers was transferred to the Excel program, and then this information was analyzed using the SPSS statistical package program. There are three parts in the study survey, and the first part includes teacher information. In the second part, the stress level of administrator attitudes on special education teachers was investigated using forty-three question statements. In the third part of the survey, teachers were asked to express their views and opinions on the subject. According to the research results; It has been determined that Special Education School administrators partially engage in behaviors that create stress in teachers at a moderate level. No significant difference could be determined according to gender, age and marital status, but as a result of evaluation according to the seniority variable, it was determined that the administrators of teachers with 16-20 years of seniority stated that they were more likely to engage in behaviors that would cause stress to the teachers.
THE IMPACT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE GLOBAL TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF AMAZON
Authors: Sahraoui Meroua
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 outbreak, which began to spread in 2020, significantly hurt the global economy and raised attention to the implications of new health problems on business operations. Since the pandemic's beginning, several studies have been conducted to determine the impact of this calamity on various areas of human existence. This article, which is a component of the project, attempts to give rough orders of magnitude of the impact of the pandemic on the performance of the transport and logistics industry by using Amazon as an example of a worldwide e-commerce firm. The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on the global logistics and transportation sectors were additionally highlighted by this study. The implications of the global border closure brought on by the health crisis at the beginning of 2020 must thus be examined in this contribution. We are interested in learning more about how the coronavirus affects transportation, supply networks, and these services. Additionally, how did this pandemic affect the global economic downturn?
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODIFIED VAIC, TOBIN Q AND RATES OF RETURN: A CASE OF BIST-100 WHOLESALE&RETAIL INDUSTRY
Authors: POLAT Yusuf
Published: November 2023

It aims to study the correlations between intellectual capital components, Tobin Q and financial performance indicators of firms in the BIST-100 Wholesale and Retail sector. The research is designed as an effort to understand how intellectual capital conduces to the competitive advantages and value creation capacities of firms. For this purpose, Modified Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (MVAIC) was used to represent intellectual capital and return rates (ROA, RONA, ROE and ROI) to represent financial performance. The findings show that, apart from ROE, intellectual capital is a noteworthy source of value creation for companies in this sector and positively affects their financial performance. The scope of the study includes correlation and regression analyzes on the 10-year financial statements of the relevant sector between 2013 and 2022. This study highlights that businesses should consider intellectual capital management as a strategic priority.
THE FINANCING PROBLEM OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM FROM THE OTTOMAN PERIOD TO THE REPUBLICAN PERIOD and CURRENT BUDGET APPLICATIONS
Authors: ELÇİ Süleyman , ÇURKU Rüstem
Published: November 2023

In this research, the financing problem of the education system from the Ottoman Empire to the Republican period and budget applications related to the financing of education today in this context have been discussed. With this study, the financing problem of the Turkish education system as of the historical process and the current budget applications related to this problem were revealed by the size of the literature and it was aimed to create an awareness about the measures and recommendations that should be taken by the relevant institutions. In addition, document analysis was used as a method in the study. Literature review has been conducted on the subject, related laws (Corporate Tax Law, Public Financial Management and Control Law, Parliamentary Records, etc.) have been included in other documents.) have been studied. In order to access the main documents and information on the subject, the documentary screening method has also been applied within the scope of document review. In the research, different applications regarding the financing of education have been included in the historical process, and today, budget applications related to the financing of education have been revealed. It has also been determined that what has been done regarding the financing of education is not sufficient, and different planning should be made. In this context, in the study, suggestions were made about what should be done by the relevant institutions and an awareness was tried to be created.
AN EVALUATION ON THE CONCEPTS OF TERROR AND TERRORISM
Authors: YAVUZ Fikrettin
Published: November 2023

Since the 19th century, in which the foundations of the modern world were laid, the concept of terror has increasingly occupied the world public opinion. Terror, an ancient concept in terms of meaning and content, which became a device used by separatist groups to achieve their goals after the French Revolution, has evolved into terrorism with its change in the century in question. In essence, terror is a concept that emphasizes violence and fear, while terrorism is a concept that includes more intricate and complex issues. When we look at the definitions of these two concepts, it is seen that they are actually intertwined and mutually inclusive. However, although the nature of terror and the arguments it uses have changed over time, its devastating consequences for humanity have reached higher levels with its form that has turned into terrorism. For this reason, although serious efforts have been made since the 1930s to establish a common definition of terrorism, no success has been achieved.   In this context, the primary aim of this study is to examine the definitions of the concepts of terror and terrorism in the literature and to reveal their similarities and differences. In this way, it will be evaluated whether it is possible to make a common definition, and if not, what are the obstacles in front of it, through the existing literature.
THE IMPORTANCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION’S REGULATORY AND SUPERVISORY ACTIVITIES IN THE ECONOMIC FIELD AND EVALUATION OF THE INITIATIVES NECESSARY FOR EFFECTIVE CHANGE
Authors: ONUR Yaşar Burçin
Published: November 2023

Economics is based on the effective use of scarce resources. Theories produced regarding the production distribution and transformation of products and liquid assets are applied to daily life. At this point, it is based on the healthy distribution of products of economic value. Effective studies are included to ensure income distribution. An idea is being produced to spread the income to the base. At this point today, it is observed that income distribution is not presented equally throughout the world. Economic concerns threaten the social peace environment. It increases crime rates. For this reason, it is necessary to implement qualified production models that will spread the income for the country's economies. Necessary economic and financial measures should be implemented in this regard. Production is an important concept for country economies. Countries reach a level of prosperity thanks to their export activities. In order to realize high export activities, comprehensive economic regulations should be included. Economic systems can come to life with legal regulations. Throughout the historical process, many different applications have been used to support economic activities. Small producers are one of the groups most affected by economic negativities. In addition, it is important to support them in order to ensure income distribution. Small producers should be supported in order to spread the income to the base. For this reason, active support policies should be implemented. In other words, in order to achieve real economic gain, it should be brought into working life through guiding activities. They should be supported by education and training activities under the leadership of local government institutions.Small production groups that cannot complete their institutionalization cannot create an adequate commercial structure for themselves. Although they offer products locally, they lack intercity marketing opportunities. Supporting small producers with technical and institutional processes will be beneficial for themselves and the country's economy. If local government institutions carry out guiding activities in the economic field, it will be beneficial for economic activities. Institutionalization of producers will be ensured through financial and economic units to be established within local government organizations. Small producers working with their labor will be supported with guiding activities. Tax losses will be prevented by taxation based on earnings through financial boards. In this study, it is emphasized that it would be beneficial for local governments to provide institutional structuring that will support small producers. For this reason, the necessity of transforming the municipal organization is expressed. Functional processes that will ensure transformation are introduced.
Структура і функція серця залежно від маси тіла у чоловіків працездатного віку
Authors: Dudar L. V. , Goncharenco L. I. , Ovdii M. O.
Published: November 2023

Дослідження структури і функції серця у 65 чоловіків працездатного віку залежно від маси і складу тіла показало, що при надлишковій масі тіла спостерігалося достовірне збільшення розміру й об’єму лівого шлуночка серця, а також маси міокарда. Відсоток м’язової маси в тілі обстежених позитивно корелював із систолічною функцією серця, тоді як відсоток жиру мав негативний зв'язок з цим показником. Показано, що при індивідуалізації оздоровчих фізичних навантажень слід враховувати відсоток активної маси тіла і жиру в тілі людини, оскільки при підвищеному вмісті жиру інтенсивні фізичні навантаження можуть призвести до ремоделювання серця і погіршення систолічної функції лівого шлуночка, тоді як збільшення індексу маси тіла за рахунок м’язової маси спричинює структурно-функціональну перебудову серця.
Two-part Inventions by J. S. Bach, Thematic Hypostases
Authors: Ibanescu Corina
Published: November 2023

Johann Sebastian Bach can be considered the greatest pre-classical composer of keyboard instruments, respectively piano, his works being universally present in concert programs. Also, due to his experience as a teacher, the creation of J. S. Bach also has a great pedagogical importance: among the compositions intended for musical education, we mention: Two- and Three-part Inventions (1723). The invention is a small free-form polyphonic composition, written in an imitative style, with a pronounced improvisational character. The two-part inventions that we have focused on (the first six), true jewels in terms of perfection of form, Bach's fundamental works for the piano, do not contain features of outward virtuosity, but music full of content and depth, the various thematic hypostases emphasizing their emotional substance. Another important aspect is the didactic function of this music, Bachian inventions constantly accompanied the training and improvement of pianists, being ideal due to their complexity, for deepening musical thinking.
Traditions and the role of communication in the moral and aesthetic development of the child
Authors: Negrila Ion
Published: November 2023

The existing concept of musical education of teachers is based on methodological and theoretical provisions regarding the humanization of education, the concept of the cultural and historical development of the individual, the provision of the social value of a person, and the socio-environmental determinism of his development in the process of musical specialization, the meaning of people's musical traditions. The musical environment is the human environment, which not only shapes a person's musical interests and needs but also changes itself under the influence of people. The change in the musical environment is also due to the intensive development of the modern quality management system, as well as the properties of music as an art form. We consider the interaction of art and the personality of the future teacher as a means of artistic, moral, and aesthetic development of personality; as a creative process of the formation of aesthetic values and guidance systems; development of artistic perception and interests; harmonization of the human person; reproduction of spirituality, personality, etc.
Aspects of Musical Time in the work of composer Doina Rotaru. Case Study: Clocks
Authors: Ulubeanu Sabina
Published: November 2023

Concepts such as time and memory are defining elements in the music of composers from Romania. A specific case is composer Doina Rotaru's work, “Clocks”, where the theme is explicit. The current study analyses throughout the composition how various facets of time (objective time, measuring instruments, inner time, subjective time, and circular time) are musically highlighted through compositional techniques such as precision of form, slow developments, interplay of musical syntax, and ingenious orchestration.
Nicolàs Lamas „skulpturale Mischformen“ als Möglichkeit neuer „naturkultureller“ Daseinsformen
Authors: Schmidlin Jasmin
Published: November 2023

Bei einem Blick auf die letzten drei Jahrzehnte treten die Klimakrise, sich verschärfende Ungleichheiten, insbesondere im Globalen Süden und (öko-)queer-feministische Kämpfe in den Vordergrund. In sozial- und geisteswissenschaftlichen Diskursen hat sich indes eine Fokussierung auf Materialität bemerkbar gemacht, die Materie jenseits der westlich-androzentrischen Denktradition der Dualismen zu denken sucht (Hoppe & Lemke, 2021). Dieser Artikel greift die zentralen Strategien der Hybridisierung und Relationalität auf, die für den Neuen Materialismus charakteristisch sind und zeichnet diese in den künstlerischen Arbeiten von Nicolàs Lamas nach. Lamas gelingt es, das Hybride in den Mittelpunkt zu stellen und dadurch dualistische Grenzziehungen und temporale Fixierungen aufzuheben. Seine Objekte werden zu „skulpturalen Mischformen“ (Thalmair, 2022a, S. 12), die sich in und mit den Sinnen des Betrachtenden wiederholt formieren und materialisieren. Dieser Artikel zeigt, wie seine künstlerische Arbeit über das Abbilden wissenschaftlicher und gesellschaftlicher Debatten hinausgeht und stattdessen naturkulturelle Daseinsformen erprobt.
Development of Medical Entomology in Korea: Disease Vector Research of Inho Chu and the U.S. Military Support Between the Late 1940s and the 1960s
Authors:   The Korean Association for the Social History of Medicine, Park Jiyoung
Published: November 2023

This paper delves into the body of works produced by Inho Chu, a Korean public health researcher, between the late 1940s and the 1960s, with a particular focus on the impact of the United States military on his research. Chu emerged as a central figure in the process often referred to as “Americanization” of Korean public health in the aftermath of World War II. His professional development as a public health expert was significantly influenced by continuous support from the U.S. military. Chu pursued his education in public health at the University of Michigan under the auspices of the United States Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK). Additionally, he received specialized training in medical entomology at the U.S. Army's Hemorrhagic Fever Center during the Korean War. Subsequent to the war, he departed for the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 2 in Taiwan (NAMRU-2) to join the transnational network of tropical medicine. Through a detailed exploration of Chu's academic journey, this paper aims to analyze how Chu effectively adapted the intellectual, material, and technological resources provided by the U.S. military to Korean medical circumstances and the historical legacies of colonialism. The results of such analyses illuminate the intricate interplay between the U.S. military support and the Korean context of the Cold War, which had contributed to the development of the field of public health in South Korea.
China Medical Board (CMB) and the Changes in the Korean Medical Research Support System: Focusing on the Case of Matching Fund Establishment
Authors:   The Korean Association for the Social History of Medicine, Jung Junho
Published: November 2023

Foreign aid has had critical impact on the development of Korean medicine since liberation in 1945. In particular, U.S. aid to Korean medical education, represented by the Minnesota Project, is often marked as a major turning point from Japanese-style to American-style medical education in Korea. However, there has been limited analysis of research, which has been a key function of medical schools and their affiliated hospitals. This paper examines the establishment of a system of medical research support in South Korea in the 1970s, focusing on the case of the China Medical Board (CMB). It explores how donor agencies transferred responsibility and authority to Korean counterparts through policy called matching-fund, and how this exit strategy affected the funding and utilization of medical research in Korea. As a backdrop to this policy shift, this study also examine the geopolitical context of U.S. aid policy shifts in the 1970s to show how aid was not only introduced but also exited in shaping the Korean medical research system. The case of the China Medical Board shows how a private aid organization formulated and implemented an exit strategy in the macro geopolitical context of the Nixon Doctrine and changes in U.S. foreign aid policy, and in the process shaped the Korean medical research funding system and its own efforts to secure funding. Rather than a binary narrative of aid versus post-aid, examining the accumulation and manifestation of Korean actors’ own experiences in foreign donor-driven decision-making provides an opportunity to look more critically at the process of shaping the contemporary Korean medical research funding system.
Estimating the Cost of Monopsony Power Abuse Imposed by a Single U.S. Auto Insurer upon a Large Individual Auto Collision Repair Shop
Authors: Jennings Frederic
Published: November 2023

Over recent decades, the U.S. auto insurance industry has secured tight control over the auto collision repair (ACR) industry through a use of preferred provider networks of captive ACR shops under contract with individual auto insurers. By exercising control over the ACR industry, auto insurers claim they have instituted a better, safer and more efficient system of auto repair service provision, but the independent ACR shops tell a quite different tale of market power abuse, steering of ACR jobs into insurers’ own direct repair provider (DRP) networks, undue control over reimbursements and damage appraisals, suppression of ACR labor rates, and improper reputational losses due to ‘tortious interference’ with these shops’ customer relations.

These independent ACR shops have fought back through litigation and politics, trying to wrest control of their industry back into their own hands to restore a level competitive field of fair rivalry in place of an autocratic control by insurers over repairs, labor rates and revenues. For litigation efforts and regulatory initiatives, some assessment of the allegedly illegal behavior is needed, and there is seldom adequate data available for this purpose. The aim of this paper is to present a method of calculating the losses incurred by an individual independent ACR shop pursuant to an auto insurer’s adverse steering of jobs and its suppression of hourly labor rates against this shop. One of the virtues of this method is that it does not require a great deal of information from the auto insurer, as so often a paucity of data is supplied through discovery.

The economic analysis of an auto insurer’s steering of jobs is based on an asserted relation of insurers’ market shares to their revenue shares of a large ACR shop’s insurance-based sales. An assessment of the losses due to labor rate suppression is founded on the use of auto mechanical repair (AMR) labor rates as an economic comparable, applied to both the jobs performed under that auto insurer’s policies and to jobs steered away from this single large ACR shop. This study includes a report on the estimated losses suffered by an actual ACR shop in New York State from 2002 to 2007 and discusses some possible limitations, adjustments and tests of the results so produced. At the end, a brief discussion of further research applications appears.
Measuring Indigenous Product Attractiveness Through Authenticity Perspective
Authors:   Putra Bangsa University, Setyawati Harini Abrilia , Trifiyanto Kabul ,   Putra Bangsa University, Zakiyah Tuti ,   Putra Bangsa University
Published: November 2023

Batik is Indonesia's cultural heritage. Batik can be associated with an Indonesian brand, but each region has its own unique Batik products that are influenced by tourism This research is aimed at examining the influence of the authenticity dimension which contains heritage, sincerity, and quality commitment on indigenous product attractiveness. The research design used was explanatory. The number of samples in this study was 100 batik practitioners spread across 6 big cities in Central Java. The data collection method uses a questionnaire—processing using SEM techniques and using the Smart PLS tool. The findings of this research are that heritage and quality commitment influence indigenous product attractiveness. Sincerity is proven to not affect indigenous product attractiveness. These findings contribute to research on how to build indigenous product attractiveness by strengthening authenticity values. Indonesia's cultural heritage, especially related to Batik, needs to start being inventoried, including motifs, designs and philosophy. The commitment to quality must be the basic principle of every batik product.
A new mammalian universal primer for the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus
Authors: Ferracioli Paula , Oliveira Marcione B. de , Cezar Adrielle M. , Lazar Ana , Povill Cintia , Laeta Maíra , Ribeiro Maria Clara Santos , Cardim Stéphanie de Souza , Weksler Marcelo
Published: November 2023

We designed a set of amplification primers to target the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of the rodent genus Oligoryzomys. Combinations of two sets of primers successfully amplified complete mitochondrial and partial cytochrome b (MT-CYB), from not only Oligoryzomys, but also other mammalian species from the orders Rodentia, Didelphimorphia, Primates, Chiroptera, Cetacea, Carnivora, and Lagomorpha. Preliminary sequencing analyses revealed that these primers generate informative sequences for several mammalian species important for phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses.
Quick Response (QR) Code as Part of Digital Muslim Media in Islamic Da'wa at The Qatar World Cup
Authors: Hadi Peristiwo  , Ahlam Tri Anugrah
Published: November 2023

A unique phenomenon occurred during the World Cup event in Qatar in 2022. Within a week of the Qatar World Cup, there were already 558 people who converted to Islam. Many soccer fans who specifically watched the World Cup were interested in deepening Islam and then converting to the religion. From the perspective of da’wa communication, the da’wa media through digital media carried out by Qatar using the Quick Response (QR) Code was a real effort to show the tolerant face of Islam to the world. The main purpose of this research is to explain the role of the Quick Response (QR) Code as a part of digital da’wa media in organising the World Cup in Qatar. This research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive analysis. The article shows that the da’wa carried out by Qatar during the World Cup using digital media QR Code was part of the da’wa strategy by inviting people outside of Islam bil hikmat wal mauidhah al-hasanah and this method was very appropriate to describe a friendly and peaceful Islamic religion to the world. In general, the theoretical significance of this research is to contribute to the development of Islamic da’wa communication through digital media.