bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia associated with Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in a dog
Authors: Gould S. M. , McInnes E. L.
Published: April 2008

A three‐year‐old weimaraner was presented with lethargy, anorexia, neck pain and a soft fluctuant swelling in the thoracic inlet. A cough had been noted previously. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, tachypnoea, pallor and a large subcutaneous swelling, with bruising, suggestive of a haematoma in the thoracic inlet. Thoracic radiographs revealed a cranial mediastinal mass which had the ultrasonographic appearance of fluid, and there was also a marked generalised interstitial lung pattern. Routine haematology revealed severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia, although coagulation tests were within normal limits. A diagnosis of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia was however made on the basis of a positive antiplatelet antibody test and a rapid response to prednisolone therapy. Furthermore, a tentative diagnosis of Angiostrongylus vasorum infection was suggested on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings, although no lungworm larvae were identified on faecal analysis. Despite initiating treatment with fenbendazole, the dog died suddenly. Postmortem examination revealed myocarditis, thrombosing arteritis, pneumonia and chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with A vasorum infection.
Pathological fracture of the femur secondary to haematogenous osteomyelitis in a weimaraner
Authors: Emmerson T. D. , Pead M. J.
Published: April 2008

A seven‐year‐old male weimaraner developed an acute‐onset non‐weightbearing pelvic limb lameness without a history of significant trauma. Radiographs demonstrated an oblique fracture of the femur associated with a lytic bone lesion, while cytology and histopathology of the lesion were consistent with osteomyelitis. A pure growth of Streptococcus intermedius was obtained from culture of affected tissue samples. The fracture healed without complication after rigid internal fixation and antibiotic therapy.
Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in the cat
Authors: Speakman A. J. , Dawson S. , Binns S. H. , Gaskell C. J. , Hart C. A. , Gaskell R. M.
Published: April 2008

Feline Bordetella bronchiseptica infection had received little consideration until recent years when it has been increasingly documented in association with respiratory disease. This article reviews current knowledge on the organism; its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features.
Radiographic pelvimetry for assessment of dystocia in bitches: a clinical study in two terrier breeds
Authors: Eneroth A. , Linde‐Forsberg C. , Uhlhorn M. , Hall M.
Published: April 2008

Radiographic pelvimetry was used to assess the role of pelvic anatomy in obstructive dystocia in bitches. Based on the history of previous whelpings, 20 Boston terrier and 14 Scottish terrier bitches were divided into two equal groups: normally whelping bitches and bitches with obstructive dystocia. Additional whelpings during the period of study were closely observed and the pups were immediately weighed and measured. The bitches were clinically examined and the pelvis was radiographed in ventrodorsal and lateral projections. Measurements from the radiographs showed a significantly smaller pelvic size in the bitches with obstructive dystocia compared to the normally whelping bitches. Fetal‐pelvic disproportion in the Scottish terrier was mainly due to a dorsoventrally flattened pelvic canal, whereas in the Boston terrier it arose from the combination of a dorsoventrally flattened pelvic canal and big fetuses with large heads. These results suggest that radiographic pelvimetry could be used to predict a disposition for dystocia in individual bitches, and as a basis for selection of breeding animals.
Diagnostic imaging of foreign body reactions in dogs with diffuse back pain
Authors: Frendin J. , Funkquist B. , Hansson K. , Lönnemark M. , Carlsten J.
Published: April 2008

Six hunting dogs were investigated after showing signs of diffuse back pain. In three of the dogs, prodromal signs included coughing. Swelling in the dorsal lumbar region was noted in four of the dogs, but in two there was no visible or palpable swelling. Initial radiographs of the lumbar region were normal in two of the dogs and showed mild to moderate ventral periosteal reactions in the L1 to L4 region in the remaining four. On ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, changes were seen in the sublumbar muscles (eg, abnormal echogenicity and increased signal intensity) in five dogs examined. Exploratory surgery revealed plant material foreign bodies in the sublumbar muscles in the L1 to L4 region in five of the six dogs. The concurrent infections were caused predominantly by anaerobic bacteria common to the mucous membranes of the oropharyngeal and respiratory tracts. All dogs recovered, with restored hunting ability. The mean follow‐up period was five years (range 1·3 to 7·8 years). It is proposed that the plant parts were inhaled, and then migrated along either diaphragmatic crus to lodge in the sublumbar muscles.
Genitourinary dysplasia in a cat
Authors: Baines S. J. , Speakman A. J. , Williams J. M. , Cheeseman M. T.
Published: April 2008

A six‐month‐old kitten had congenital urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence due to urethral hypoplasia and associated uterine hypoplasia and vaginal aplasia. Diagnosis was based on radiographic examination, surgical exploration and histological examination of the lower urinary tract. Surgical correction resulted in a marked clinical improvement. The cat became fully continent following treatment with phenylpropanolamine.
Correlation of haemostatic abnormalities with tumour stage and characteristics in dogs with mammary carcinoma
Authors: Stockhaus C. , Kohn B. , Rudolph R. , Brunnberg L. , Giger U.
Published: April 2008

Sixty female dogs with untreated mammary carcinoma, comprising equal numbers of dogs in tumour stages I to IV, were evaluated for haemostatic abnormalities using the following tests: platelet count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, plasma activity of factor V, VIII and X, plasma concentration of fibrinogen, fibrin monomers and fibrinogen degradation products, and plasma antithrombin III activity. Two‐thirds of all dogs had one or more haemostatic test abnormality of which the likelihood and frequency was increased in those with stage III and IV neoplasia. Haemostatic abnormalities were more frequently observed in dogs which had mammary tumours with distant metastases, extended tumour necrosis, inflammatory carcinomas, tumours fixed to underlying structures, or tumours in which there was penetration of the tumour capsule by tumour cells. As in humans with mammary carcinoma, these haemostatic abnormalities might be used as prognostic indicators, but their clinical importance remains unknown.
Everted laryngeal saccules: ultrasonographic findings in a young Lakeland terrier
Authors: Rudorf H. , Lane J. G. , Wotton P. R.
Published: April 2008

The ultrasonographic appearance of laryngeal eversion due to bilateral laryngeal paralysis is described in a young Lakeland terrier.
Late onset of cerebellar abiotrophy in a Siamese cat
Authors: Shamir M. , Perl S. , Sharon L.
Published: April 2008

A late onset of cerebellar degeneration was diagnosed in a one‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old Siamese cat. The animal had been presented with mild ataxia involving all four limbs. Over the following two years, the signs gradually progressed to severe incoordination, a frequent tendency to fall and a head tremor. The neurological signs were consistent with a diffuse cerebellar lesion and the cat was euthanased. Profound and diffuse Purkinje cell loss was found on histopathological examination, but no aetiological agent was detected.
Antihistamines in the management of allergic pruritus in dogs and cats
Authors: Scott D. W. , Miller W. H.
Published: April 2008

Antihistamines clearly have a place in the management of pruritus in the atopic dog and cat and, in this paper, important aspects of pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and precautions, and clinical use of these compounds are reviewed. Successful use of antihistamines is dependent on, among other considerations, the adherence to recommended doses and frequencies of administration, the recognition and control of concurrent and secondary factors, the willingness to try several different compounds, and the realisation that these agents are best employed in a preventive fashion.
Chronic pneumonia caused byMycobacterium thermoresistibilein a cat
Authors: Foster S. F. , Martin P. , Davis W. , Allan G. S. , Mitchell D. H. , Malik R.
Published: April 2008

Mycobacterium thermoresistibilewas isolated in pure culture from ultrasound‐guided pulmonary aspirates taken from a young cat with severe, chronic, pyogranulomatous pneumonia. Thoracic radiography and ultrasonography before therapy demonstrated severe diffuse alveolar disease. Twelve months combination therapy with doxycycline, rifampicin and clarithromycin resolved the infection. Thoracic radiographs taken at the completion of therapy showed multifocal pulmonary mineralisation.M thermoresistibilehas been infrequently reported as a human or animal pathogen. This is the first reported pulmonary infection byM thermoresistibilein a cat and documents the successful treatment of the organism in a feline patient.
Osteomyelitis of the atlanto‐occipital region as a sequela to a pharyngeal stick injury
Authors: Pratt J. N. J. , Munro E. A. C. , Kirby B. M.
Published: April 2008

An eight‐year‐old female Belgian shepherd dog was referred for investigation of chronic neck pain. The dog had sustained a pharyngeal injury 12 weeks previously while catching a stick. Radiographs of the cervical spine revealed signs consistent with a septic arthritis of the atlanto‐occipital joint and osteomyelitis of both occipital condyles and the atlas. A foreign body was identified ultrasonographically in the retropharyngeal soft tissues, and a stick was surgically removed from a site ventral to the right side of the atlanto‐occipital joint. The signs of neck pain started to resolve within a week of surgery.
Book Reviews
Authors: Simpson Gill
Published: April 2008

An unrivalled text for veterinary nursing training
Comparison of haemorrheological parameters and blood pressure in various breeds of dog
Authors: Bodey A. R. , Rampling M. W.
Published: April 2008

Relationships between blood pressure and haemorrheological factors were examined in three groups of dogs characterised by different levels of blood pressure. The groups used were sight hounds (high pressure), retrievers (low pressure) and a mixed group with intermediate pressure. The three groups had different levels of haematocrit and blood viscosity at both high and low shear rates, with the sight hounds showing the highest and retrievers showing the lowest levels for each of the parameters. The plasma viscosities did not differ significantly between the groups. Blood pressure and blood viscosity or haematocrit were not correlated within dog groups, but when the dog groups were considered together, significant positive correlations existed between pressure and viscosity and pressure and haematocrit.
Temporomandibular ankylosis in the cat: a review of seven cases
Authors: Meomartino L. , Fatone G. , Brunetti A. , Lamagna F. , Potena A.
Published: April 2008

Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in the cat is an unusual complication of traumatic lesions involving articular (true ankylosis) or periarticular structures (false ankylosis). Seven cats with true ankylosis of the TMJ (four cases unilateral and three cases bilateral), of which previous trauma had been documented in five cases, were referred to the authors' clinic between September 1991 and October 1996. Radiographic assessment was performed in all cases, using dorsoventral and oblique projections. Five subjects underwent arthroplastic excision of the TMJ and, in the remaining two cases, stretching of the jaws was performed under general anaesthesia. The surgical outcome was satisfactory in all but one case, where partially decreased joint mobility was observed (follow‐up time one to five years), but in the two cases where non‐surgical treatment was carried out, recurrence of TMJ ankylosis was observed (follow‐up time two to five months). In the authors' experience, surgery represents the treatment of choice for TMJ ankylosis in cats. Additional mandibular symphysiotomy can confirm the radiological findings in unilateral cases.
Influence of feeding regimen on body condition in the cat
Authors: Russell K. , Sabin R. , Holt S. , Bradley R. , Harper E. J.
Published: April 2008

The influence of feeding regimen; on body condition in the cat was studied in a sample of the UK domestic cat population (n=136). Data were collected by interviewing cat owners and assessing body condition of cats in the owners' homes. Four main factors were identified which were related to body condition. These were, in descending order of significance: neuter status, age, frequency of treat feeding, and ad libitum feeding. Feeding regimen as a risk factor in feline obesity is discussed.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bower Caroline
Published: April 2008

Proactive health care of pets: Healthcare of the Well Pet
Use of contoured bar transhock external furators in 17 cats
Authors: Owen M. A.
Published: April 2008

Seventeen cats with injuries involving the distal tibia, talocrural joints, tarsus and metatarsus were treated with contoured connecting bar transhock external fixators as either primary or secondary fixation. The assemblies stabilised all the injuries successfully. Fracture union was achieved in 11 out of 12 cases. Excellent results were achieved in eight cats and the outcome was satisfactory in a further five. Those cats with injuries involving talocrural joint luxation with displacement and significant periarticular soft tissue disruption had poorer long‐term results. Complications occurred in seven cases.
Uterine horn torsion in two non‐gravid bitches
Authors: Misumi K. , Fujiki M. , Miura N. , Sakamoto H.
Published: April 2008

Uterlne torsion secondary to sacculatlon of the uterine horns was diagnosed in two non‐gravid bitches which were presented with anorexia, polydipsia and an acutely swollen abdomen. On the bask of the radiological and ultrasonographlc findings, which indicated the presence of an enlarged spherical or tubular structure filled with hypoechoic material In the caudal abdomen, a tentative diagnosis of pyometra was made. Exploratory laparotomy revealed unliateral uterine horn torsion along the longitudinal axis, with bilateral fluid‐filled sacculatlons. Ovadohysterectomy was performed in both cases. Pathological examination of the uteri demonstrated haematometra in one dog and pyometra in the other.
Capillary blood sampling from the ear of dogs and cats and use of portable meters to measure glucose concentration
Authors: Wess G. , Reusch C.
Published: April 2008

Two new methods for collection of capillary blood from the ear of dogs and cats for the measurement of blood glucose concentration using portable blood glucose meters (PBGMs) are described. The first method uses a lancing device after pre‐warming the ear, while the second employs a vacuum lancing device. Both methods generated blood drops of adequate size, although the latter method was faster and easier to perform. Accuracy of the two PBGMs was evaluated clinically and statistically. Although assessment of statistical accuracy revealed differences between the PBGMs and the reference method, all of the PBGM readings were within clinically acceptable ranges. Measurement of capillary blood glucose concentration is easy to perform, inexpensive and fast. It may be used by owners to determine blood glucose concentrations at home, and could serve as a new tool for monitoring diabetic dogs and cats.
Use of a mucosal advancement flap for the treatment of nasopharyngeal stenosis in a cat
Authors: Griffon D. J. , Tasker S.
Published: April 2008

A three‐and‐a‐half‐year‐old male neutered domestic shorthaired cat was presented with a three‐year history of stertor and intermittent open‐mouth breathing. No airflow was detected from either nostril when checked using a cold slide test. Oropharyngeal swabs were positive for calicivirus, while skull radiographs were suggestive of a dorsal deviation of the soft palate. The diagnosis of nasopharyngeal stenosis was confirmed via cannulation of the nasal passages and direct examination of the oropharynx under general anaesthesia. A midline approach through the soft palate was used to excise the adhesions. The resulting defect was reconstructed by advancement of a mucosal flap elevated from the dorsal nasopharynx and laryngopharynx. The cat was free of clinical signs 28 months later.
Radial carpal bone fractures in 15 dogs
Authors: Li A. , Bennett D. , Gibbs C. , Carmichael S. , Gibson N. , Owen M. , Butterworth S. J. , Denny H. R.
Published: April 2008

Between 1977 and 1992, 15 adult dogs were presented to the Universities of Bristol, Glasgow, Liverpool and London with fractures of the radial carpal bone which had occurred without a known episode of violent trauma. Eleven of the dogs were boxers and the other breeds affected were a Pharaoh hound, rottweiler, springer spaniel and a greyhound. The condition was bilateral in three cases. Eleven dogs were treated surgically by cast immobilisation (four cases), fragment removal (one case), lag screw fixation (three cases), pan‐carpal arthrodesis (one case) and lag screw reduction followed by pancarpal arthrodesis (two cases). The remaining four dogs were treated conservatively with rest and tactical use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Follow‐up periods ranged from two months to 11 years. Varying degrees of lameness, which tended to be exacerbated by exercise, persisted in all cases. The radial carpal bone appears to have at least three separate centres of ossification which eventually fuse; their planes of fusion correspond approximately to the two main fracture lines. These areas of fusion could be weak points within the radial carpal bone.
Pyogranulomatous blepharitis in two dogs
Authors: Sansom J. , Heinrich C. , Featherstone H.
Published: April 2008

Two cases of pyogranulomatous blepharitis (inflammation of the lid margins) in the dalmatian are described. The diagnosis was confirmed on biopsy of the lid lesions. Bacteriology performed in one case was negative. Both cases responded to treatment: one responded well to a course of systemic steroids (prednisolone 1 mg/kg at a decreasing dose over three weeks), while the other, which was negative on culture, responded to a six‐week course of cephalexin (30 mg/kg twice daily). This second dog also presented with a localised lymphadenopathy; the owner had suffered a similar reaction three years previously as I result of a penetrating injury by a pyracantha thorn.
Aortic and iliac thrombosis in six dogs
Authors: Boswood A. , Lamb C. R. , White R. N.
Published: April 2008

Six dogs had signs of pelvic limb weakness, pain and collapse as a result of occlusion of the distal aorta and/or the iliac arteries by a thrombus. Antemortem diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical signs, angiography and ultrasonography. Five dogs had concurrent disease that probably predisposed to thrombosis, including hyperadrenocorticism (three dogs), neoplasia and cardiac disease. Two dogs died shortly after the episode of thrombosis. Dogs that survived the acute episode received aspirin in an attempt to prevent thrombosis occurring again and all regained pelvic limb function. For dogs that survived longer than one month after the acute episode, repeat thrombosis was uncommon; hence the prognosis was related to the underlying disease. Aortic and iliac thrombosis in dogs is an uncommon condition that usually arises secondarily to a predisposing disease process; it carries a more favourable prognosis than feline aortic thromboembolism.
Omentalisation of perinephric pseudocysts in a cat
Authors: Hill T. P. , Odesnik B. J.
Published: April 2008

An 11‐year‐old male domestic shorthaired cat was presented with behavioural disturbances and abdominal distension of two days' duration. Haemobattonella felis was found on routine haematology and serum biochemistry showed mild azotaemia. Abdominocentesis revealed a transudate. Bilateral perinephric fluid accumulations were observed on ultrasonography and chronic nephrosclerosis was diagnosed on needle biopsies of the kidney. A celiotomy with resection of the major portion of both cyst walls was performed. The omentum was extended along the floor of the abdomen, across the ventral aspect of both kidneys and attached to the remnants of the pseudocyst wall. Ongoing physiological drainage was secured and cyst recurrence was prevented. Perirenal fluid was not detected at clinical and ultrasound follow‐up examinations 14 days and seven months postoperatively. Mild azotaemia and refractory Haemobartonella infection were, however, still present.
Brain and ocular metastases from a transmissible venereal tumour in a dog
Authors: Ferreira A. J. A. , Jaggy A. , Varejäo A. P. , Ferreira M. L. P. , Correia J. M. J. , Mullas J. M. , Almeida O. , Oliveira P. , Prada J.
Published: April 2008

A five‐year‐old crossbred dog was referred with rapidly growing masses over its penis and right popliteal lymph node. The dog had severe blepharospasm, congestion of episcleral vessels and rubeosis iridis of the left eye. A presumptive diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) and iridocyclitis was made based on the results of fine needle aspiration. Chemotherapy with vincristine and prednisolone was initiated and after four months the dog made a complete recovery. However, the dog subsequently relapsed, showing miosis, blepharospasm and a well defined mass within the anterior chamber of the left eye. In addition, the dog exhibited generalised ‘grand mal’ type seizures. Computed tomographic (CT) examination of the brain revealed two distinct masses in the left frontal lobe. Because of the poor prognosis, the owners elected to have the dog euthanased. On histopathology, metastases of TVT in the left eye and left cerebral hemisphere were found, showing no specific staining for CD3, immunoglobulin (lg) G, IgM and lambda light chains. It was therefore concluded that the tumour growth was progressive, and that there was an absence of local humoral immune response against TVT in this case.
Iatrogenic pupillary dilation resembling Pourfour du Petit svndrome in three cats
Authors: Boydell P.
Published: April 2008

A condition resembling Pourfour du Petit syndrome, where there are signs of sympathetic hyperactivity to the eye, is described in three cats as a result of mild trauma to the middle ear cavity.
Talar neck fractures in five cats
Authors: McCartney W. T. , Carmichael S.
Published: April 2008

Five cats with fracture of the talar neck were treated using external skeletal fixation (ESF). In four of the cases, ESF was the only fixation technique used and this was applied in a closed manner coupled with traction. In the remaining cat, ESF was used in combination with a lag screw. All the fractures eventually healed, demonstrating that ESF provided a simple and effective method of treatment for these cases.
Determination of gestational age in medium and small size bitches using ultrasonographic fetal measurements
Authors: Luvoni G. C. , Grioni A.
Published: April 2008

A study was undertaken to estimate gestational age, in terms of days from parturition, in medium and small size dogs by ultrasonographic examination. Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed in four medium size pregnant bitches throughout two consecutive pregnancies and three small size pregnant bitches throughout one pregnancy, in order to determine the range of variation in the size of selected fetal structures throughout gestation. Formulae were derived to estimate the expected delivery date for both groups of bitches by measuring anatomical fetal structures, so that this method could be applied to a large number of different breeds. The determination of gestational age could be achieved with reasonable precision by selecting fetal structures. Prediction of parturition date was accurate to within one day by ultrasonographic measurement of the diameter of the gestational sac in early pregnancy and the biparietal diameter in late pregnancy in both small size breeds and medium size breeds.
Long‐term treatment of dogs with steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis: clinical, laboratory and therapeutic results
Authors: Cizinauskas S. , Jaggy A. , Tipold A.
Published: April 2008

Steroid‐responsive meningitis‐arteritis is an immunopathological disease in dogs characterised by neck pain, pleocytosis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and increased serum and CSF immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels. A long‐term treatment protocol (four to 20 months) with prednisolone was applied in 10 dogs with the condition. Clinical side effects, changes in blood and CSF values and long‐term outcome were evaluated retrospectively. Eight of the 10 dogs were without clinical signs up to 29 months after the treatment was terminated. Long‐term glucocorticosteroid treatment appears to result only in mild clinical side effects, such as polyuria/polydipsia, polyphagia and weight gain. All clinical and laboratory changes were reversible after the therapy was discontinued. Elevated serum and CSF IgA levels did not decrease to normal values during prednisolone treatment and were still slightly increased after the therapy was discontinued. A marked decrease in the cell count of the CSF was observed after therapy was initiated, although pleocytosis increased again during relapses of the disease. Monitoring of CSF cell count in dogs with this condition seems to be a sensitive indicator of success of treatment. In addition, older dogs with high IgA levels in the CSF and frequent relapses seem to require a longer duration of therapy and have a less favourable prognosis long term. The reason for high systemic and intrathecally produced IgA levels remains unknown, but seems not to be influenced by prednisolone treatment.
Idiopathic or mesothelioma‐related pericardial effusion: clinical findings and survival in 17 dogs studied retrospectively
Authors: Stepien R. L. , Whitley N. T. , Dubielzig R. R.
Published: April 2008

This retrospective study compares the clinical signs and diagnostic findings of 17 canine patients with histopathological diagnoses of idiopathic pericardial effusion (IPE) or pericardial mesothelioma (MS) in order to identify differences in clinical findings or survival times that might aid in premortem differentiation of these disease conditions. Based on this series of cases, clinical signs, physical examination findings and results of non‐invasive diagnostic testing are insufficient to differentiate MS from IPE with confidence unless a discrete pericardial or intrapericardial mass can be identified. Surgical biopsy may be misleading if large amounts of highly reactive and invasive mesothelial cells are seen. Recurrence of significant amounts of pleural effusion within 120 days of pericardiectomy may increase the likelihood that MS is the cause of pericardial effusion in cases in which other causes have been excluded. Survival longer than 120 days postpericardiectomy without chemotherapeutic intervention is associated with a decreased probability of the condition being MS.
Myasthenia gravis associated with cutaneous lymphoma in a dog
Authors: Ridyard A. E. , Rhind S. M. , French A. T. , Munro E. A. C. , Hill P. B.
Published: April 2008

A middle‐aged golden retriever presenting with exercise intolerance and multifocal cutaneous nodules was diagnosed as having non‐epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma with concurrent myasthenia gravis. Treatment with corticosteroids induced short‐term remission of the lymphoma and alleviation of myasthenic signs.
True dermoid wst in a Rhodesian ridgeback
Authors: TSHAMALA M. , MOENS Y.
Published: April 2008

A case of a true dermoid cyst in a Rhodesian ridgeback is described. The mass was located in the dorsal cervical midline at the level of the first cervical vertebra, and was resected surgically. In contrast to other types of dermoid sinus described in the literature, the mass did not have a tract connecting it to, nor an opening on to, the surface of the skin. A diagnosis of true dermoid cyst was made.
Retrobulbar anaplastic astrocytoma in a dog: clinicobathological and ultrasonographic features
Authors: Martín E. , Pérez J. , Mozos E. , López R. , Molleda J. M.
Published: April 2008

An 11–year‐old entire female German shepherd dog was presented with a progressive non‐painful exophthalmos of the right eye. Ultrasonographic examination revealed a solid and well‐defined orbital mass compressing the globe. Thoracic radiography revealed multiple pulmonary metastases of different sizes. The histopathological and immunohistochemical features of both the retrobulbar tumour and pulmonary metastases were consistent with an anaplastic astrocytoma. This represents an unusual case of an extracranial astrocytoma with multiple pulmonary metastases. The clinical features and the ultrasonographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings are described.
Surgical management of perineal paraprostatic cysts in three dogs
Authors: Welsh E. M. , Kirby B. M. , Simpson J. W. , Munro E.
Published: April 2008

Three intact male dogs were presented with faecal tenesmus and obvious perineal swelling. All three animals had paraprostatic cysts originating within the abdominal cavity and extending caudally through the pelvic canal, causing perineal swelling. Two of the dogs were found to have concurrent benign prostatic hyperplasia, while the third had chronic active prostatitis. This report describes the investigations, surgical management and outcome for the three dogs presented.
Magnetic resonance imaging of syringomyelia in five dogs
Authors: Taga A. , Taura Y. , Nakaichi M. , Wada N. , Hasegawa T.
Published: April 2008

This report describes the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in five dogs to diagnose spontaneous syringomyelia. Four of the dogs had cervical syringomyelia associated with hydrocephalus, and one of these cases was analogous to the Dandy‐Walker syndrome in humans. The fifth dog had thoracic syringomyelia without hydrocephalus. It was possible to diagnose the condition antemortem in all of the dogs by MRI. It is suggested that MRI is a straightforward and effective tool for the antemortem diagnosis of syringomyelia in dogs.
Polyneuropathies of cats
Authors: Chrisman C. L.
Published: April 2008

Polyneuropathies of cats have a variety of clinical presentations. Areflexic flaccid quadriparesis, or quadriplegia, progressing over a 24– to 48–hour period, may be associated with polyneuropathies, as can chronic insidiously progressive tremors and muscle weakness that wax and wane or progress slowly over weeks or months, and which can go undiagnosed for years. In addition, these neurological signs may be due to spinal cord, neuromuscular junction or muscle disorders, so the diagnosis of polyneuropathy can be a challenge even for the most astute of clinicians. Polyneuropathies may have congenital, inherited, inflammatory, metabolic and toxic causes. Sometimes the underlying aetiology is not found and a diagnosis of idiopathic polyneuropathy is made. Since the treatment and prognosis of polyneuropathies in cats vary, the purpose of this review is to assist the veterinary practitioner to recognise, appropriately manage and provide an accurate prognosis for these challenging cases.
Idiopathic salivary gland enlargement (sialadenosis) in dogs: a microscopic study
Authors: Sozmen M. , Brown P. J. , Whitbread T. J.
Published: April 2008

A histological, histochemical and morphometric study was performed on submandibular salivary glands from 13 dogs which had presented with a submandibular mass or swelling that proved to be a portion of non‐inflammatory and non‐neoplastic submandibular salivary gland. There were no consistent changes in lectin‐binding histochemistry or immunohistochemical expression of various cell markers, and, in most cases, there was no measurable difference in acinar size in the affected gland. The possible explanation for the clinical salivary gland enlargement is therefore unclear.
Propofol for treatment of refractory seizures in does and a cat with intracranial disorders
Authors: Steffen F. , Grasmueck S.
Published: April 2008

Twelve dogs and one cat that were presented with seizures due to various disorders of intracranial origin were treated with one or several boluses of propofol (2 to 8 mg/kg). All the animals had received previous medication, including diazepam alone or in combination with phenobarbital and/or pentobarbital. Seizure control with prevention of further convulsions was achieved in 11 patients. In one dog, seizures kept recurring after periods of successful control following administration of propofol. Another dog with continuing seizures resistant to barbiturate therapy died following administration of propofol. This retrospective study suggests that propofol may be an effective drug in controlling status epilepticus resistant to conventional medication and may be used as an alternative to pentobarbital administration.
Lateral glenohumeral ligament rupture in three dogs
Authors: Mitchell R. A. S. , Innes J. F.
Published: April 2008

Three adult large breed dogs were evaluated for chronic forelimb lameness. Clinical examination localised pain to the area of the shoulder joint. Traditional imaging methods, including radiography, arthrography and ultrasonography, were unrewarding. Arthroscopy performed via a lateral portal demonstrated complete tears of the proximal part of the lateral glenohumeral ligament in all cases. Two of the three cases responded to treatment with intra‐articular methylprednisolone and rest with a resolution of the lameness, while the third failed to improve. Surgical intervention in this third case involved lateral capsulorraphy, and re‐examination at Ave weeks postoperatively showed the dog to be without lameness. Tearing of the lateral glenohumeral ligament should be considered in the differential diagnosis of shoulder lameness. Surgical stabilisation should be considered in cases refractory to conservative treatment.
Dental disease in chinchillas in the UK
Authors: Crossley D. A.
Published: April 2008

Dental abnormalities are common in chinchillas, although knowledge of the lesions responsible for the clinical signs is incomplete. Animals bred in the UK were examined to gain further knowledge of dental disease in this chinchilla population. Dental abnormalities, particularly those related to tooth elongation, were detected on careful external examination of 35 per cent of apparently healthy chinchillas. Incisor abnormalities were seen on clinical examination in 55 per cent of chinchillas presented because of clinical illness. In all but one case, this occurred secondarily to crown elongation of the cheek teeth or to the absence of opposing teeth, rather than being a primary skeletal problem. Clinical signs commonly attributed to malocclusion, such as ventral mandibular swelling, weight loss, dysphagia, altered chewing pattern and changed food preferences, were not specific to malocclusion, being seen associated with coronal spike formation, root elongation and advanced periodontal lesions. Caries and resorptlve lesions rarely caused clinical signs in this population, but were identified during 37 per cent of postmortem examinations. Congenital absence of teeth, skeletal malocclusion and pathological loss of teeth all resulted in significant clinical signs, but were rare. It is concluded that provision of a diet with physical properties more closely matching that of wild chinchillas should improve the dental health of captive animals.
Aortic body chemodectoma causing pulmonary oedema in a cat
Authors: Willis R. , Williams A. E. , Schwarz T. , Paterson C. , Wotton P. R.
Published: April 2008

A seven‐year‐old male domestic shorthaired cat was presented with persistent dyspnoea. Thoracic radiography and echocardiography revealed pulmonary oedema and a mass at the base of the heart. At necropsy the mass was found to be an aortic body chemodectoma that had metastasised to the sternal lymph node. This is a rare tumour in the cat, the third reported case where there was evidence of metastasis, and only the second reported case where there was evidence of lymphocytic infiltration of the primary tumour. Pulmonary oedema is an unusual presentation of this tumour in the cat.
Effect of long‐term intermittent periodontal care on canine periodontal disease
Authors: Ingham K. E. , Gorrel C.
Published: April 2008

The periodontal health status was assessed in two groups of dogs which had received different levels of periodontal care over a two‐year period. The dental group received regular dental scaling and polishing, and intermittent daily tooth brushing, while the control group received no periodontal care. All dogs developed gingivitis, and two (one from each group) showed evidence of incipient periodontitis. The dental group had a reduced gingivitis index (Gl) compared with the control group only when they had received daily tooth brushing before the Gl assessment. When the dogs had not had their teeth brushed for four weeks before the assessment, the Gl was not significantly different to that in the control dogs. This suggests that continual periodontal care throughout life is of great importance and questions the benefits of intermittent oral care. The Gl of the palatal and lingual surfaces in all dogs was significantly higher than the Gl of the buccal surfaces. Thus, all tooth surfaces may need to be cleaned to achieve optimal periodontal health.1
Effect of propofol at two injection rates or thiopentone on post‐intubation apnoea in the dog
Authors: Murison P. J.
Published: April 2008

Ventilatory effects at induction of anaesthesia were studied following intubation in 66 dogs anaesthetised using thiopentone (10 mg/kg) or propofol (4 mg/kg, Injected rapidly or 4 mg/kg, injected slowly). Acepromazine and morphine preanaesthetic medication was administered, and anaesthesia was maintained with halothane in nitrous oxide and oxygen. The time from connection of the breathing system to the first breath was measured. Apnoea was defined as cessation of spontaneous respiration for 15 seconds or longer. Respiratory rate and minute volume were measured for the first five minutes of anaesthesia. Propofol was associated with a greater incidence of apnoea than thiopentone (59 per cent and 64 per cent compared with 32 per cent), but this difference was not statistically significant. Time to first breath was significantly longer with propofol than thiopentone and longest with the slower injection of propofol (P<–05) (median of four seconds for thiopentone, 19‐5 seconds for the propofol rapid injection, and 28‐8 seconds for the propofol slow injection). In conclusion, the induction agent and speed of injection affect the incidence and duration of post‐intubation apnoea.1
Canine symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy: a retrospective study with particular reference to management
Authors: Auxilia S. T. , Hill P. B. , Thoday K. L.
Published: April 2008

The records of six dogs in which a diagnosis of symmetrical lupoid onychodystrophy (SLO) had been made were examined retrospectively. The age at onset ranged from six months to eight years. All the dogs had been presented with onycholysis, onychomadesis, onychalgia and onychodystrophy. The diagnosis of SLO was confirmed in all cases by histological examination. Histological features were similar in all cases and included hydropic degeneration of the basal cell layer, pigmentary incontinence and a cell‐rich Interface dermatitis. Response (defined as good, partial or failure) to various therapies was compared. Treatments (as initial therapy or following previous treatment failure) included essential fatty acids (EFA) (three cases), a combination of tetracycline and nicotinamide (four cases) and azathioprine and/or prednisolone (one case each). EFA therapy resulted in one good response, one partial and one failure, tetracycline and nicotinamide in two good responses, one partial and one failure, and azathioprine and/or prednisolone In one good and one partial response. Although all treatments were successful in some cases, none was universally effective.
Parathyroid hormone, haematological and biochemical parameters in relation to dental disease and husbandry in rabbits
Authors: Harcourt‐Brown F. M. , Baker S. J.
Published: April 2008

During a two‐year period between 1995 and 1997, over 80 blood samples were collected from pet rabbits in order to Investigate an apparent osteodystrophy affecting the skulls of rabbits with acquired dental disease. A series of haematological and biochemical analyses relating to calcium metabolism were performed and samples were taken for parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay. The rabbits were categorised according to the condition of their teeth and the manner in which the pets were kept. PTH concentrations were higher and calcium concentrations lower in hutch‐kept rabbits with advanced dental disease in comparison with those kept in free‐range conditions. No dental problems were detected in the free‐range rabbits on radiological or clinical examination. During the course of the study, differences in haematological pictures and albumin values emerged among rabbits kept under the different husbandry regimes. Complete blood counts from free‐range rabbits were comparable with laboratory reference ranges, whereas there were significantly lower red cell and lymphocyte counts in rabbits exhibiting advanced dental disease. Serum albumin values were significantly higher in rabbits kept in free‐range conditions than in those with advanced dental disease or those unaffected by dental disease but kept in hutches. Rabbits kept in hutches showed trends towards anaemia and lymphopenia. Results indicated that acquired dental disease of pet rabbits is related to husbandry and is associated with alterations in calcium metabolism.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy in a Siberian husky
Authors: PALACIO M. J. FERNÁNDEZ DEL , BERNAL L. J. , BAYÓN A. , BERNABÉ A. , OCA R. MONTES DE , SEVA J.
Published: April 2008

A seven‐month‐old male Siberian husky was presented with a recent history of anorexia, hindlimb weakness and syncope. Physical examination revealed severe tachycardia, tachypnoea and dyspnoea. Mucous membranes were pale and femoral pulses were weak. An electrocardiogram showed sustained ventricular tachycardia with a left bundle branch block configuration. Thoracic radiographs revealed slight right ventricular enlargement and two‐dimensional echocardiography revealed mild right ventricular dilation at the cardiac apex and some hyperechogenic areas on the right side of the Interventricular septum. Administration of intravenous lignocalne converted the ventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm. The maintenance antiarrhythmic therapy consisted of oral procainamide and propranolol. Three weeks later the dog died suddenly. On postmortem examination, the right ventricular free wall was very thin at the apex, infundibulum and caudal aspect of the right ventricular parietal wall, similar to the ‘triangle of dysplasia’ of human patients. Histopathological examination revealed replacement of several areas of right ventricular free wall myocardium with connective tissue and fat. The right atrium and left ventricle were less severely affected by the same lesions. The clinical and pathological findings are similar to those reported in young people with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy.
Computed tomography for the diagnosis of a lumbosacral nerve sheath tumour and management by hemipelvectomy
Authors: Niles J. D. , Dyce J. , Mattoon J. S.
Published: April 2008

Computed tomography was used to define the gross extent of a lumbosacral plexus nerve sheath tumour in a 10‐year‐old crossbred dog. The tumour was also visualised ultrasonographically, which enabled a percutaneous biopsy to be taken. Hemipelvectomy was performed to achieve a clean margin of surgical excision.
Para‐aural abscessation following traumatic ear canal separation in a dog
Authors: Connery N. A. , McAllister H. , Hay C. W.
Published: April 2008

Traumatic ear canal separation is rare in animals, with only eight dogs and one cat reported with the condition in the English language literature. Para‐aural abscessation occurred in six of these nine animals. Diagnosis was made on otoscopic observation of a shortened, abruptly ending external ear canal that was free from advanced disease. Radiographs in those cases which have been described showed a disruption of the normal air opacity of the affected ear canal. Drainage, by creating a separate opening for the horizontal ear canal, or total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy (TECA/LBO), have led to resolution of the clinical signs. This report adds a further case to the literature in which TECA/LBO was employed successfully.
Spinal cord astrocytoma in a cat
Authors: Stigen Ø. , Ytrehus B. , Eggertsdottir A. V.
Published: April 2008

A nine‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthalred cat with a history of spinal pain and progressive hindllmb dysfunction was presented to the Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. Following neurological and myelography examination, an intramedullary mass affecting several lumbar spinal cord segments was diagnosed. A neoplastic lesion was suspected and a poor prognosis was given. On postmortem examination, the spinal cord was found to be dorsally flattened from the 12th thoracic vertebra to the fifth lumbar vertebra and severely thickened with a dorsal cleft from the fifth to the seventh lumbar vertebra. Histologically, the tumour was diagnosed as an anaplastic astrocytoma.
Left principal bronchus rupture in a cat
Authors: White R. N. , Oakley M. R.
Published: April 2008

A two‐year‐old neutered male domestic shorthaired cat was referred with respiratory compromise. Investigations included thoracic radiography and tracheal endoscopy. Findings were consistent with a traumatic avulsion injury to the left principal bronchus. Treatment involved the resection of the ruptured and stenosed left principal bronchus segment via a fifth right intercostal lateral thoracotomy. Once the damaged portion of bronchus had been removed, bronchial repair was achieved by end‐to‐end anastomosis. A full recovery was made and, at the time of writing (16 months postoperatively), the cat was clinically normal.
Extradural spinal synovial cysts in nine dogs
Authors: Dickinson P. J. , Sturges B. K. , Berry W. L. , Vernau K. M. , Koblik P. D. , LeCouteur R. A.
Published: April 2008

Nine dogs presenting for investigation of cervical or thoracolumbar myelopathies were diagnosed with extradural spinal synovial cysts. Degenerative disease affecting the articular facets or intervertebral discs was present on plain spinal radiographs in all cases. Myelography was consistent with dorsolateral, extradural spinal cord compression. Two groups of dogs were identified: (1) young, giant breed dogs with multiple cysts involving one or more levels of the cervical spinal cord; and (2) older, large breed dogs with solitary cysts involving the thoracolumbar spinal cord. The synovial cysts constituted the major compressive lesions in four of the dogs. Analysis of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid demonstrated albuminocytological dissociation, consistent with chronic compressive myelopathy, in six dogs. All dogs underwent decompressive surgery and the diagnosis of synovial cysts was confirmed histologically. The mean follow‐up period was 17 months (range four to 36 months). At the time of follow‐up, all dogs were fully ambulatory with improved neurological function compared with that at initial presentation.