bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determinants of breast cancer screening among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: A multilevel analysis
Authors: Lemma Seifu Beminate , Mekuria Negussie Yohannes , Abrham Asnake Angwach , Daba Chinkey Fraol , Melak Fente Bezawit , Alamrie Asmare Zufan
Published: December 2024

Background

Breast cancer is a significant global health issue, responsible for a large number of female cancer deaths. Early detection through breast cancer screening is crucial in reducing mortality rates. However, regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face challenges in identifying breast cancer early, resulting in higher mortality rates and a lower quality of life. Yet, there is a noticeable gap in the literature concerning breast cancer screening. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of breast cancer screening and associated factors among women of reproductive age in SSA.

Methods

A weighted sample of 80,058 reproductive-age women from recent Demographic and Health Surveys in SSA countries was considered for analysis. A multilevel modified Poisson regression model with robust variance was fitted to identify factors associated with breast cancer screening. Four nested models were fitted, and the model with the lowest deviance value was selected. An adjusted prevalence ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence interval was used to measure the strength of the association. Finally, statistical significance was declared at a p-value < 0.05.

Result

The pooled prevalence of breast cancer screening among reproductive-age women in SSA was 11.35% (95% CI: 11.14%, 11.56%), with variations ranging from 4.95% (95% CI: 4.61%, 5.30%) in Tanzania to 24.70% (95% CI: 24.06%, 25.33%) in Burkina Faso. Age (20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, 40–44, and 45–49 years), secondary and higher education, wealth index, media exposure, parity, contraceptive use, pregnancy status, breastfeeding status, and visiting a healthcare facility in the last 12 months were identified as significant positive determinants of breast cancer screening. Conversely, being a rural resident and having a primary education level were found to be negative determinants.

Conclusion

This study uncovers a low prevalence of breast cancer screening in SSA countries, despite high associated mortality rates. Emphasizing the significance of targeted interventions, it highlights the crucial need to promote education and awareness regarding the benefits of breast cancer screening, particularly in light of the challenges faced by many women in the region.
Exploring pathways to digital transformation: fsQCA analysis based on the AMO framework
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Ziwei , Li Changjin , Xu Ruofan
Published: December 2024

In recent years, China has significantly increased its global competitiveness in digital technologies, emphasizing the importance of the digital economy during the high-quality development stage. The question of how firms in traditional industries can achieve digital transformation, which is critical for participating in the digital economy, is still understudied. Using the ability-motivation-opportunity (AMO) framework, this research developed a model and identified six factors’ ability, motivation, and opportunity dimensions. It used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to investigate their synergistic effect on digital transformation. With manufacturing firms in China as examples, the findings were as follows. First, no single factor could provide the necessary conditions for digital transformation, implying that the synergistic effect of multiple conditions must be considered. Second, four configurations with three paths for high digital transformation, namely motivation-opportunity-oriented, total factor-oriented, and motivation-oriented, showed different approaches to digital transformation under different conditions. These findings shed light on the complex causal relationships among antecedents of digital transformation and provide theoretical and practical recommendations for businesses looking to implement the digital process.
Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of α-blockers versus mirabegron for medical expulsive therapy in ureteral calculi: A Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Huilei , Li Xiaoni , Zheng Xiaobo , Cui Yuanshan , Huang Jing , Cheng Yan
Published: December 2024

Introduction and aim

The main categories of drugs employed for medical expulsive therapy in patients with ureteral calculi (UC) are alpha-blockers (α-B) and beta-adrenoceptor agonists. This meta-analysis evaluated the safety and effectiveness of α-B versus mirabegron (MIR) in treating UC.

Methods

From January 1980 to October 2024, we extensively searched the Pubmed, Web of science, Cochrane and EMBASE databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effectiveness of α-B and MIR in managing UC. Furthermore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out.

Results

The meta-analysis included six publications with 592 patients, comparing α-B with MIR. The stone expulsion rate (SER) was found to be significantly greater in the α-B group than in the MIR group, as indicated by an odds ratio (OR) of 1.51 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 2.16, P = 0.03) in the meta-analysis. However, no significant differences were found between the α-B group and the MIR group for stone expulsion time (SET) (mean difference [MD]: 1.20; 95% CI, -2.71 to 5.10; P = 0.55), pain episodes (PE) (MD: 0.36; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.76; P = 0.07), or analgesic requirements (MD: 0.79; 95% CI, -0.37 to 1.94; P = 0.18). The α-B group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of adverse events compared to the MIR group for orthostatic hypotension (OR 12.16, 95% CI 3.36 to 43.95, P = 0.0001), headache (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.41 to 8.49, P = 0.007), and retrograde ejaculation (OR 16.30, 95% CI 5.87 to 45.31, P < 0.00001). While in the dizziness (OR 1.65, 95% CI 0.67 to 4.09, p = 0.28), it made no difference.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis identified a substantial enhancement in the SER among patients with UC who received α-B therapy instead of those who were administered MIR therapy. Nonetheless, α-B therapy was connected to an increased risk of adverse events.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO, ID CRD42024595934.
Global burden of cardiovascular disease mortality attributable to secondhand smoke, 1990–2019: Systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Dong Juan , Ma Xumin , Hu Xingxin , Yan Mengmeng
Published: December 2024

Background

Few studies have globally assessed the cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality burden attributable to secondhand smoke. We aimed to address this research gap.

Methods

We used a systematic analysis design using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Our primary outcome measures were the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for CVD attributable to secondhand smoke. The annual average percentage change (AAPC) was utilized to describe the temporal trends of ASMR and DALYs.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, global ASMR for CVD due to secondhand smoke decreased from 11.45 (95% CI: 9.47 to 13.42) to 7.43 (95% CI: 6.09 to 8.85), and DALYs decreased from 274.12 (95% CI: 225.36 to 322.20) to 176.93 (95% CI: 145.21 to 211.28). ASMR and DALYs attributable to secondhand smoke are on the rise in 47 countries, with 18 of these countries experiencing increases across both genders and all cardiovascular subtypes. Uzbekistan, Lesotho, and the Philippines have the highest AAPC for CVD due to secondhand smoke in ASMR and DALYs. Specifically, Uzbekistan’s overall ASMR AAPC is 2.2 (95%CI: 2.1–2.3), Lesotho’s is 1.3 (95%CI: 1.2–1.3), and the Philippines’ is 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0–1.2). In terms of DALYs, the AAPC values are 1.7 for Uzbekistan (95%CI: 1.7–1.8), 1.4 for Lesotho (95%CI: 1.3–1.5), and 1.8 for the Philippines (95%CI: 1.7–1.9).

Conclusion

Over the past three decades, the epidemiological landscape of CVD mortality associated with secondhand smoke has undergone significant shifts. Notwithstanding global advancements, intensified interventions are paramount in regions experiencing ascending rates.
Fat-tail allele-specific expression genes may affect fat deposition in tail of sheep
Authors: Mansourizadeh Hossein , Bakhtiarizadeh Mohammad Reza , de Almeida Regitano Luciana Correia , Bruscadin Jennifer Jessica
Published: December 2024

Different sheep breeds show distinct phenotypic plasticity in fat deposition in the tails. The genetic background underlying fat deposition in the tail of sheep is complex, multifactorial, and may involve allele-specific expression (ASE) mechanism to modulate allelic expression. ASE is a common phenomenon in mammals and refers to allelic imbalanced expression modified by cis-regulatory genetic variants that can be observed at heterozygous loci. Therefore, regulatory processes behind the fat-tail formation in sheep may be to some extent explained by cis- regulatory variants, through ASE mechanism, which was investigated in the present study. An RNA-Seq-based variant calling was applied to perform genome-wide survey of ASE genes using 45 samples from seven independent studies comparing the transcriptome of fat-tail tissue between fat- and thin-tailed sheep breeds. Using a rigorous computational pipeline, 115 differential ASE genes were identified, which were narrowed down to four genes (LPL, SOD3, TCP1 and LRPAP1) for being detected in at least two studies. Functional analysis revealed that the ASE genes were mainly involved in fat metabolism. Of these, LPL was of greater importance, as 1) observed in five studies, 2) reported as ASE gene in the previous studies and 3) with a known role in fat deposition. Our findings implied that complex physiological traits, like fat-tail formation, can be better explained by considering various genetic mechanisms, which can be more finely mapped through ASE analyses. The insights gained in this study indicate that biallelic expression may not be a common mechanism in sheep fat-tail development. Hence, allelic imbalance of the fat deposition-related genes can be considered a novel layer of information for future research on genetic improvement and increased efficiency in sheep breeding programs.
Construction of reusable fluorescent assembled 3D-printed hydrogen-based models to simulate minimally invasive resection of complex liver cancer
Authors: Cao Wenli , Pan Xiaofeng , Jin Liming , Liu Jie , Cao Jie , Jin Lei , Wei Fangqiang
Published: December 2024

Complex liver cancer is often difficult to expose or dissect, and the surgery is often challenging. 3D-printed models may realistically present 3D anatomical structure, which has certain value in planning and training of liver surgery. However, the existing 3D-printed models are all monolithic models, which are difficult to reuse and limited in clinical application. It is also rare to carry fluorescence to accurately present tumor lesions. Here we report reusable fluorescent assembled 3D-printed models to mimic minimally invasive resection of complex liver cancer. Based on the models, multiple copies of liver lesion structure assembled accessories can be printed for the same patient or different patients, ensuring the quantity and quality of simulated surgical training, and greatly reducing the cost of simulated surgical training. The addition of fluorescence is helpful in accurately presenting tumor lesions. The reusable fluorescent assembled 3D-printed models may mimic minimally invasive resection of complex liver cancer, demonstrating potential value in simulated surgery.
AptaFluorescence: An aptamer-based fluorescent imaging protocol for biomolecule visualization
Authors: Ling Crystal Chia Yin , Fullwood Melissa Jane
Published: December 2024

Immunofluorescence is highly dependent on antibody-antigen interactions for accurate visualization of proteins and other biomolecules within cells. However, obtaining antibodies with high specificity and affinity for their target proteins can be challenging, especially for targets that are complex or naturally present at low levels. Therefore, we developed AptaFluorescence, a protocol that utilizes fluorescently labeled aptamers for in vitro biomolecule visualization. Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid molecules that fold into three-dimensional structures to bind biomolecules with high specificity. AptaFluorescence targeting the c-MYC protein was evaluated in doxycycline-inducible c-MYC U2OS cells. AptaFluorescence signals were more distinct compared to the diffuse immunofluorescence signals. AptaFluorescence also reliably differentiated doxycycline-treated cells from untreated cells. In conclusion, AptaFluorescence is a novel, easy to perform, aptamer-based protocol that will have broad applicability across various biological endeavours for visualizing biomolecules, especially in cases where antibodies with high affinity and specificity for their target proteins are lacking.
Costume curation knowledge exchange: A case study on experimental pedagogy
Authors: Malik Nadia
Published: December 2024

This article demonstrates how the consideration of costume can be a catalyst in developing curatorial/cultural programming approaches and, in reciprocation, how curatorial/cultural programming choices expand costume dissemination by means of atypical audience engagement and activation. The article contributes to costume discourse by elevating costume as a teaching and learning tool in a related discipline (curation) and by revealing how costume can be recontextualized and renewed for interactive public reception, going beyond costume as garment/artefact to expand the area of costume curation itself. The underlying research evaluates the pedagogical approach that steered an industry–academia project within an emerging area of arts and culture-related practice in higher education (HE), referred to as mutually beneficial ‘knowledge exchange’ (KE). The aim of the partnership project was to move a traditional fashion curation curriculum towards the performance-related realm of ‘cultural programming’, expanding students’ experience of real-world working practices and outputs, potentially leading to a richer range of employment opportunities upon graduation. As such, MA Fashion Curation and Cultural Programming students from London College of Fashion (LCF) at University of the Arts London (UAL) created three costume-based interventions as part of the yearly performance festival at the internationally renowned Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A). Framing four main research observations with theory of ‘threshold concepts’ in parallel with the principles of KE practice, both being portals towards new understandings and knowledge, this research additionally contributes to KE scholarship by addressing the need for more analytical case-studies involving students. More widely, this costume study evidences how KE scaffolds the discursive, collaborative teaching practices that are already a signature pedagogy of art and design (), and suggests that KE might be vital to the growing demand for new models of creative education (: 17) that develop industry–academia communities of practice.
Learning by doing: A case study from the Fondazione Lisio Historical Tailoring Costume for the Performing Arts course
Authors: Marinoni Alessio Francesco Palmieri , Piovezan Veridiana
Published: December 2024

This article offers a glimpse into the pedagogical methodologies and outcomes of the recently established Historical Tailoring, Costume for the Performing Arts course at the Fondazione Arte della Seta Lisio in Florence. Carried out by two practitioner educators, the study employs a qualitative approach, gathering data through interviews with course leaders, specialist educators and students. It highlights the unique context of learning costume design and making within a cultural institution in which historical textile crafts are preserved and displayed to the public, and a course which draws on educators’ diverse backgrounds and emphasizes craftsmanship and collaborative learning. Furthermore, it discusses the integration of theoretical lectures with practical experiences, including workshops, museum visits and internships, to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of costume design. The findings indicate positive outcomes, including students’ successful transitions to professional roles within the industry.
Burden of Unintentional Childhood Injuries in Pre-School Children (2-6yrs) and Knowledge of Primary Caregivers on Early Management: A Descriptive Observational Study in Urban Slums of Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Authors: Pradhan Asutosh , Kar Sonali , Das Swarnalata , Mishra Krishna
Published: December 2024

Background
Injuries, particularly unintentional ones, are a neglected public health concern and are preventable or avoidable. Children in urban slums are especially vulnerable due to hazardous living conditions, inadequate supervision, and lack of safe sojourns or play areas. Since these injuries result in seeming spontaneous recovery, appropriate care being initiated by the primary care giver is questionable.

Objective
To assess the burden of unintentional injuries of unintentional injuries in pre-school going children aged 2-6 years in urban slums of Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

To compare the knowledge of the 1st level care post-injury among the primary care givers against standardized prescribed care.

Methods
A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted for over 2 years in urban slums under the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC), the capital city of Odisha. A total of 285 children aged 2-6 years, whose mothers consented to participate, were included in the study. Data regarding the type of injury and its management, as well as, associated socio-demographic factors, were collected using a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was used to derive the burden of unintentional injuries in children. The knowledge of the 1st level of care to be given after the common injuries was assessed among all the primary caregivers to detect the treatment and care gap.

Results
The majority of primary respondents were mothers aged 21-30 years (82.1%), The frequency of an episode of unintentional injury (occurrence in last 3 months) in the study population was found to be 58%. The most common type of injury reported was skin lacerations or tears, common site being in the upper and lower limbs. Males were more affected as compared to females (54.64 %) The reporting of unintentional injuries among the children was found to have significant association with the occupation of the father. Fathers who were unemployed or working as unskilled labor, their child’s probability of reporting an unintentional injury was found to be high, with p value coming to be statistically significant.

Conclusion
The study highlights the complex interplay of sociodemographic factors influencing unintentional injuries among children in urban slums and the need to create awareness among the primary caregivers, about the immediate management, so that chronic complications may be averted. It is difficult to avert injury as this age group is agile and nowadays supervision is challenging. Still, the knowledge of management would not just empower the caregiver, but also the growing child, who can attend to their younger siblings or themselves, whenever they get injured next. Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to validate these findings and develop effective prevention strategies.
Understanding Travel Behavior: A Deep Neural Network and SHAP Approach to Mode Choice Determinants
Authors: Çevik Halil , Přibyl Ondřej , Samandar Shoaib
Published: December 2024

Understanding individual travel behavior is crucial for developing effective travel demand management strategies and informed transportation policies. This study investigates the factors influencing individuals’ mode choices by analyzing data from a comprehensive travel survey. We employ a deep neural network model to explore the relationships between survey variables and respondents’ transportation mode preferences, focusing on both observable and latent factors. The SHAP method is applied to interpret the model’s outputs, providing global and local explanations that offer detailed insights into the contribution of each variable to mode choice decisions. By identifying the key determinants of mode selection and uncovering the complex interactions between these factors, this research provides valuable insights for designing targeted policies that can better address transportation needs and influence sustainable travel behavior.
Religious Commodification in Branding: A Semiotic Analysis of Instaperfect’s Instagram Content
Authors: Tridifa Meira
Published: December 2024

The commodification of religion in branding practices has become a prominent phenomenon in contemporary consumer culture, particularly in how religious symbols promote commercial products. Brands have increasingly adopted religious imagery and values to appeal to specific market segments, especially in Muslim-majority regions. This study examines how Instaperfect, a beauty brand, commodifies Islamic elements in its branding on Instagram, focusing on integrating of religious symbols with commercial ideals. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a content analysis approach, using John Fiske’s semiotic framework to analyze eight Instagram posts from Instaperfect, published between January and April 2023. Data was collected through a literature review and visual-textual analysis of the selected posts. The results reveal that Instaperfect blends religious symbols with luxury branding to construct an aspirational identity for Muslim women, thereby commodifying religious values. The study highlights how Islamic values such as halal and modesty are reframed to align with capitalist ideologies, turning religious devotion into a commercialized identity. These findings emphasize the growing intersection of religion and consumerism in digital branding.
Komodifikasi agama dalam branding semakin banyak ditemui dalam budaya konsumerisme saat ini, terutama dengan penggunaan simbol-simbol agama untuk menarik perhatian konsumen. Banyak merek yang kini memanfaatkan citra agama untuk menjangkau pasar tertentu, khususnya di negara-negara dengan mayoritas Muslim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana Instaperfect, sebuah merek kosmetik, mengkomodifikasi elemen-elemen Islam dalam strategi branding mereka di Instagram, dengan fokus pada cara mereka menggabungkan simbol-simbol agama dengan nilai komersial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan analisis konten, serta kerangka semiotika John Fiske untuk menganalisis delapan unggahan Instagram Instaperfect yang dipublikasikan antara Januari hingga April 2023. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dan analisis visual-teks dari unggahan yang terpilih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Instaperfect memadukan simbol agama dengan branding mewah untuk membangun citra aspiratif bagi perempuan Muslim, yang pada gilirannya mengkomodifikasi nilai-nilai agama. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap bagaimana nilai-nilai Islam seperti halal dan kesederhanaan diposisikan ulang untuk sejalan dengan ideologi kapitalisme, menjadikan religiusitas sebagai identitas komersial.
Demographic Dynamics in the Russian Far East: The Contribution of the Natural Component in 2022–2024
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Gritsko Maria
Published: December 2024

Based on official statistics, expert and analytical information, the current trends of demographic dynamics in the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) and its constituent entities of the Russian Federation are considered. The analyzed indicators include indicators of reproductive processes reflecting the dynamics of fertility and mortality of the population. It is shown that the shock events of recent years (the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection and a special military operation) transformed the previously stable ratio between the main components of the general population movement. In 2023, as well as in 2021, the scale of natural population loss exceeded migration losses. A downward trend has been maintained in the field of fertility, a slight increase in indicators was noted only in older age cohorts (40 years and older). Since 2022, there has been a steady increase in the mortality of the population by class of external causes, as well as the mortality of men of working age. In 2023, the Republic of Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal Territory and the Sakhalin Region were among the Far Eastern regions with a high mortality rate as a result of external influences. Life expectancy after a period of recovery growth has been gradually declining since mid-2023. The only Far Eastern region where, at the end of 2023, life expectancy exceeded the Russian average was the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Energy Transition in China: New Opportunities and Challenges
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Dyomina Olga , Mazitova Marina ,   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS
Published: December 2024

The article analyzes the specifics of the energy transition in China. It envisages a reduction in the share of coal to 50% in the country’s fuel and energy balance (FEB), large-scale development of generation based on renewable energy sources (RES), an increase in the capacity of nuclear power plants (NPPs), the development of hydrogen energy, an increase in the share of electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles to transition the country to a low-carbon development trajectory. It is determined that for China, despite its commitment to the climate agenda, the requirements of energy security and economic efficiency are a priority. This determines the preservation of a high share of coal in the country’s fuel and energy balance and stimulates the development of «clean coal technologies». It is shown that despite the high share of fossil fuels, China is a leader in the development and implementation of renewable energy generation, which causes an increase in the consumption of basic metals, minerals and rare earth elements (REE) and the formation of new natural resource market niches in the country. The transformations in bilateral relations between Russia and China as countries with the largest shares in the world energy resource markets were determined. It is revealed that Russia has almost exhausted the potential for increasing the scale of supplies (except for natural gas) in the Chinese fossil fuel market. In the natural resource markets that are in demand as part of the energy transition, Russia’s competitive advantages are relative: geographic proximity and the presence of a resource base are combined with low development of deposits and poor development of transport infrastructure. The article analyzes the potential for investment and technological cooperation between the countries, formed as a result of the energy transition. It is shown that in the energy sector, China is a potential investor for Russia and, at the same time, a platform for Russian investments. The most promising area of bilateral cooperation is technology transfer: on the Chinese side – energy production based on renewable energy sources, hydrogen energy, new types of transport; on the Russian side – energy production at nuclear power plants
Nanobiosensors for early detection of plant pathogens
Authors: Vandana J N , Sharavanan P T , Johnson I , Anandham R , Raja K , Karthikeyan G , Angappan K , Vaithiyalingan M
Published: December 2024

Plant pathogens are a major concern in production of crops as they lead to a great loss of food grains. Although several methods are available to manage the diseases and the chemical-based methods are frequently used, and sometimes indiscriminate use poses serious problems to the environment. It is, therefore, necessary to detect plant pathogens at an early stage in order to control epidemics. Plant pathogens can be detected using conventional methods such as culture-dependent, biochemical and molecular techniques; however, these methods need advanced technical skills and well-equipped laboratory facilities and are not suitable for in situ analysis. Several nanotechnology-based methods are available for plant pathogen detection. Among them, biosensing systems for early detection of the pathogen using nanobiosensor are gaining momentum in field of research on plant pathogen detection. Materials having size ranging from one and one hundred nanometers are known as nanoparticles. These materials have special qualities that can be used to improve agricultural practices. Nanobiosensors are novel integrated systems of biosensors that are made up of a bioreceptor, transducer and a detector on the nano scale size. These nano-inspired biosensors have played a major role in enhancing nature of life through different medical, environmental and quality-control applications globally. Numerous nanobiosensors have been developed, including those for detecting plant infections caused by fungi, viruses, and bacteria. This review will contribute to understanding the basics of biosensors and their accessible biosensor based detecting tools and techniques for plant pathogens.
Weather driven pollination efficiency and foraging activity of stingless bee, Tetragonula iridipennis Smith in chilli, Capsicum annum
Authors: Saai Vignesh B , Jayaraj J , Nalini R , Kumutha K , Srinivasan MR , Jayakanthan M , Suresh K
Published: December 2024

The core objective of this study was to determine suitable pollination methods among stingless bee pollination, open pollination with stingless bee colony and self-pollination, along with the foraging activity of bees in relation to weather influences and their impact on fruit yield and qualities. This investigation was carried out during the Kharif and Rabi cropping seasons using 3 different pollination methods. Bee foraging activity in relation to weather factors was observed at different times of day during the flowering period until the first harvest of chilli fruits and yield attributes were ascertained from all treatments. Results showed that during the Kharif and Rabi cropping seasons, the foraging activity in open pollination supplemented with stingless bee peaked between 1200–1400 h and 1100–1200 h with outgoing bees (28.6 and 25.2 bees/5 min/h), pollen foragers (8.4 and 4.3) and nectar foragers (27.0 and 21.4) respectively. Furthermore, the peak resin foragers (3.7) were observed in Kharif between 1600 – 1700 h and in Rabi (2.3) between 1100–1200 h. In both seasons, all foragers were positively influenced by temperature and wind, whereas negatively influenced by rainfall and relative humidity. Amongst Kharif and Rabi cropping, the yield attributes like the number of flower setting/plant (183.67 ± 11.90 and 177.00 ± 14.76), number of fruit setting/plant (82.67 ± 1.25 and 80.00 ± 0.82) and yield (1099.33 ± 69.93 and 984.20 ± 108.59 kg/ac) were maximum in the open pollination with stingless bee, followed by bee and self-pollination. These findings underscore the significant role of stingless bees in increased chilli production. Detailed foraging behavior in relation to weather factors was studied to inform future crop-specific manageable pollination.
Impact of deficit irrigation management and growth retardants application on yield attributes and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety VRI8
Authors: Ezhilarasi R , Ragavan T , Subramanian E , Amutha R , Mothilal A , Sathishkumar A
Published: December 2024

Groundnut, an important oilseed crop, requires effective management such as maintaining less oil moisture content and providing growth retardant chemicals to prevent pre-harvest sprouting, which can adversely affect yield. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, in the early summer of 2024 to evaluate the impact of growth retardants and deficit irrigation on the sprouting of groundnut kernels. The study included three irrigation strategies: conventional irrigation and two deficit regimes with irrigation withheld from 90 to 105 DAS (Days After Sowing) and 85 to 100 DAS. Additionally, growth retardants [maleic hydrazide (MH) @ 1250 ppm, cycocel (CCC) @ 1000 ppm, abscisic acid (ABA) @ 750 ppm, and salicylic acid (SA) @ 750 ppm] were sprayed at 75 and 90 DAS. Results showed that MH @ 1250 ppm was the most effective treatment for inducing dormancy. A split-plot design was used. Withholding irrigation from 90 to 105 DAS also significantly increased pod yield by reducing pod loss due to field sprouting. The combination of MH @ 1250 ppm and no irrigation from 90 to 105 DAS resulted in a pod yield of 2776 kg ha-1, which was higher than the control plot. The foliar application of MH @ 1250 ppm combined with irrigation withdrawal from 90 to 105 DAS emerged as the most effective method for inducing dormancy in groundnut, resulting in a substantial reduction in pod loss and enhanced pod yield, as well as seed storage potential. The reduction in soil moisture content during the harvest stage, combined with changes in hormonal activities, significantly impacts seed sprouting. These factors can lead to stress conditions that inhibit germination, ultimately affecting crop yields. Addressing these issues is crucial for ensuring optimal seed development and enhancing agricultural productivity.
Cave people? Cave tourists? Explorers? Going underground in the eyes of representatives of the cavers’ community
Authors: Chylińska Dagmara
Published: December 2024

Cave tourism is a phenomenon most frequently studied in the context of the potential for other forms of tourism (including geotourism, archeotourism, ecotourism) and the impact of tourism on the cave environment. Motivational research among tourists is market-oriented and usually conducted in so-called ‘show caves’ (adapted for tourism and regularly opened to the public). In the context of social research in caves, the author of the paper notices a research gap: cave tourism also happens in caves that are inaccessible to everyone due to the degree of difficulty of exploration and the lack of necessary skills. The research on a group of 57 members of Polish caving clubs was aimed at studying this community in terms of motivation, perception of the activity practiced (benefits, costs, risks, overall tourist phenomena), and self-definition, the identity of the group. Taking into account the limitations of inference due to the size of the sample, the prospective directions of research on the community of tourists and explorers eluding previous studies of cave tourism were established.
The centrifugal state: In search of an explanation of why countries decentralise
Authors: Rodríguez-Pose Andrés
Published: December 2024

Nation-states across the world are increasingly relinquishing powers to subnational tiers of government. This paper examines the drivers of this decentralisation revolution and the forces propelling it. While conventional wisdom has long attributed this phenomenon to the triumvirate of democracy, economic efficiency, and regional identity, the contemporary dynamics presented in this paper demand a far more nuanced interpretation. Through the dual lenses of the efficiency-based decentralisation theorem and political economy analysis, I discuss how globalisation, technological upheaval, and innovations in governance have fundamentally reshaped the relationship between political centres and periphery within countries. The empirical evidence reveals decentralisation not as a linear progression but as an intricate interweaving of economic imperatives and political will. This complexity defies simple causation, suggesting instead that the dispersal of power responds to an elaborate choreography of classical and modern forces. The paper dwells on the subtle mechanics of governmental reorganisation, offering insights into the evolving architecture of multi-level governance while acknowledging the inherent challenges in isolating singular causes for these transformative trends.
Impact of land use changes on collapsed pipes development in the loess gully (Lublin Upland, East Poland)
Authors: Rodzik Jan , Kołodyńska-Gawrysiak Renata , Franczak Łukasz , Zgłobicki Wojciech , Poesen Jean
Published: December 2024

Subsurface erosion is a poorly recognized but important process for modelling and predicting gully erosion rates in loess areas. It is crucial to recognize the factors and mechanisms of soil piping and pipe collapse development. Our research is the first detailed description of the complex evolution of large collapsed pipes on the banks of a loess gully over 25 years (west part of Nałęczów Plateau, Lublin Upland). The objective of this study was to reconstruct the development of piping forms as a result of land use change. Detailed field observations and measurements after snowmelt and rainfall-runoff events formed the basis of the research. Sedimentary structures observed in the walls of recently collapsed pipes, filling up older piping forms, were studied. The human impact on the development of collapsed pipes has been significant. We found a multi-stage development of these forms with several cut and fill phases. An important factor influencing the formation and development of these forms was the change in land use (crop type and tillage direction). Farmers tried to reclaim collapsed pipes by filling them in with soil and incorporating them into the cropland. The resulting depressions had high infiltration rates resulting in a reactivation of soil piping processes. Increase of precipitation and the intensity of runoff caused the secondary stage of collapsed pipes development (with a volume ranging between 240 and 912 m3 per collapsed pipe). Changing runoff patterns as a result of human interventions decreased their activity, but caused the development of new (secondary) collapsed pipes.
Moral responsibility for food waste from the perspective of “structures of sin”. Polish experience reflection
Authors: Wuwer Arkadiusz
Published: December 2024

The article presents the food waste problem from the perspective of Catholic social teaching as a socio-economic issue and a moral dilemma, placing it in the context of “structural sin”. Referring to the history of food security in Poland and legal measures to combat food waste, the author argues that although structural factors contribute to food waste, personal responsibility remains critical, as moral actions are always personal, despite systemic influences. As a result, characterized by an interdisciplinary approach combining moral theology, law, economics, and environmental ethics, the text offers a thought-provoking look at the problem of food waste, calling for both systemic change and moral transformation.
Spowiedź osób cierpiących na depresję
Authors: Wąchol Grzegorz
Published: December 2024

Celem artykułu jest prezentacja podstawowych objawów depresji w kontekście sakramentu pokuty i pojednania oraz podanie zaleceń duszpasterskich dla spowiedników wobec osób dotkniętych tym schorzeniem. Specyfika zaburzenia depresyjnego wymaga specjalnego podejścia spowiednika do obciążonego tym problemem penitenta. Dzięki temu sakrament pokuty i pojednania może być przeżywany jako doświadczenie Bożego miłosierdzia, a oprócz tego może mieć również drugorzędne skutki terapeutyczne. Tekst opisuje sposób rozumienia oraz przeżywania sakramentu pokuty i pojednania przez osoby chorujące na depresję, a w dalszej części prezentuje wskazania dla pełniących posługę wobec takich penitentów. Są one odpowiednie zarówno dla korzystających z sakramentu pokuty i pojednania w formie stałego wsparcia duszpasterskiego, jak i pojedynczego spotkania w konfesjonale.
Decyzje i emocje a sumienie. Wkład neuronauk
Authors: Surmiak Wojciech
Published: December 2024

Żyjąc decydujemy. Od małych codziennych wyborów, które zawierają niewielką złożoność procesu decyzyjnego, po decyzje, które angażują całe nasze dalsze życie (doczesne i wieczne). Istnieją decyzje, jak chociażby wybory dotyczące życia i śmierci, w których kładziemy na szalę całą istotę naszej egzystencji. Pracownicy służby zdrowia bardzo często konfrontują człowieka z sytuacjami, które sprawiają, że musi on podejmować decyzje w swej istocie nader delikatne, a zarazem wymagające zaangażowania i swoistego oświecenia wszystkich jego sił wewnętrznych. Tradycja moralna uznaje bowiem, że umiejętność podejmowania właściwych decyzji nie jest jedynie wynikiem racjonalnego uzasadnienia czy skłaniających do działania motywacji. Uwidoczniona na płaszczyźnie posłannictwa pracowników służby zdrowia konieczność zaangażowania się w jak najlepszy sposób w proces podejmowania decyzji, rodzi postulat z jednej strony ponownego przemyślenia procesu formacji i wychowania etycznego w celu poszukiwania pogłębionej formacji sumienia, z drugiej strony jest tym, co prowadzi do postawienia pytania o status quaestionis natury osądów moralnych w świetle badań naukowych w zakresie neuronauk i psychologii moralnej. W niniejszym artykule zostanie podjęta próba odpowiedzi na pytania o: strukturę procesu podejmowania decyzji (1), roli sumienia i emocji w procesie decyzyjnym (2) oraz wpływu neuronauk na teologię moralną i etykę filozoficzną. W przedstawianiu treści z punktu widzenia metodologii nauk teologicznych (teologia moralna) i humanistycznych (etyka filozoficzna) autor artykułu korzystał z osiągnięć nauk medycznych (neurobiologia) i społecznych (psychologia), co wpisuje się w inter- i transdyscyplinarność prowadzonych badań.
Komunikacyjne zachowania niewerbalne terapeuty rodzinnego jako niespecyficzny czynnik leczący
Authors: Sikorski Wiesław
Published: December 2024

Celem pracy jest ustalenie znaczenia komunikacyjnych zachowań niewerbalnych terapeuty rodzinnego w tworzeniu wiarygodności i pewności siebie, wzbudzaniu sympatii, empatii oraz atrakcyjności interpersonalnej jako niespecyficznych czynników leczących. Na podstawie analizy literatury ustalono, że pomocne w demonstrowaniu tych postaw może okazać się stosowanie sygnałów komunikujących bezpośredniość niewerbalną. Główne wnioski wynikające z rozważań, zawarte w tej pracy, wskazują, że terapeuci rodzinni stosujący gesty świadczące o dużej bezpośredniości i otwartości są zwykle zaliczani do bardziej skutecznych niż terapeuci, którzy preferują zachowania niewerbalne wyrażające małą bezpośredniość. Terapeuci pracujący z rodziną, przejawiający gesty otwartości, wzbudzają nie tylko większą sympatię, lecz odbierani są jako bardziej autentyczni, kompetentni i znacznie lepiej potrafiący wczuć się w przeżycia członków rodziny. Takie podejście do kontaktu z członkami rodziny może uczynić sesje terapii bardziej interakcyjnymi oraz zwiększyć ich zadowolenie z udziału w niej.
Wymagająca miłość na straży dobra wspólnego małżeństwa i rodziny. Refleksje na kanwie Listu do rodzin "Gratissimam sane" Jana Pawła II
Authors: Brzeziński Mirosław
Published: December 2024

Małżeńska miłość oraz dobro wspólne małżeństwa i rodziny to wiodące tematy, podjęte przez Jana Pawła II, w skierowanym do rodzin całego świata liście Gratissimam sane. List napisany z okazji Międzynarodowego Roku Rodziny (1994), mimo upływu trzydziestu lat od jego napisania, jest ciągle aktualny. Miłość małżeńska, określana przez Jana Pawła II jako miłość piękna i wymagająca, stoi na straży dobra małżeństwa i rodziny. Miłość jest piękna dlatego, ponieważ stawia wymagania osobie kochającej. To dobro, według Jana Pawła II, zawiera się przede wszystkim w tym, co niesie ze sobą treść przysięgi małżeńskiej, a więc miłość, wierność i uczciwość małżeńską oraz bycie ze sobą aż do śmierci. Dobrem małżeństwa jest też człowiek, każdy człowiek, który stanowi małżeńską, a następnie rodzinną komunię oraz istota samej małżeńskiej komunii. Dobrem małżeństwa jest też wiara małżonków, która podobnie jak miłość doprowadziła mężczyznę i kobietę do zawarcia sakramentu małżeństwa oraz łaska, której przyzywają, by wypełnić złożone przyrzeczenia. Ważnym elementem Listu do rodzin i podjętej refleksji w niniejszym artykule będzie ukazanie za Janem Pawłem II sugestii i wskazówek pozwalających małżonkom w codzienności życia obdarowywać się piękną miłością i tym samym troszczyć się o dobro wspólne, a są to przede wszystkim małżeńska i rodzinna modlitwa, poznawanie prawdy o małżeństwie i rodzinie oraz korzystanie z łaski sakramentu małżeństwa, by poznaną prawdę urzeczywistniać dla dobra małżeństwa i rodziny. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób wymagania płynące z małżeńskiej miłości stoją na straży i chronią dobro wspólne małżeństwa i rodziny oraz w jaki sposób małżonkowie mogą i powinni troszczyć się o życie w miłości i jakie mają pomoce płynące z zawartego przez nich sakramentu małżeństwa. Cel ten zamierzamy osiągnąć, stosując metodę analizy tekstów źródłowych, szczególnie Listu do rodzin Gratissimam sane oraz innych tekstów Jana Pawła II i literatury przedmiotu. Osiągnięcie celu będzie niewątpliwie pomocne w zrozumieniu wymagań miłości małżeńskiej i dobra wspólnego w kontekście wyzwań współczesności oraz aktualności nauczania Jana Pawła II, zawartego m.in. w tym dokumencie.
A POLÍTICA DE JUVENTUDE E SEUS ATORES SOCIAIS
Authors: Badaró Lúbia
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo promove uma apreciação sobre o processo de construção da Política Nacional de Juventude, discutindo como essa demanda chegou à agenda pública e quais os atores e eventos que contribuíram nesse processo de inclusão dessa temática na arena de debate. Chegou-se à conclusão que os movimentos sociais e organizações da sociedade civil tiveram um papel importante nesse processo, pois favoreceram as mobilizações, abriram o debate e aproximaram a temática da juventude da esfera do governo federal, que então direcionou parte da sua atenção também para esse segmento.
CAMPESINATO, FESTAS DE FAMÍLIA E SIGNIFICADOS DO PARENTESCO
Authors: Wedig Josiane Carine , Menasche Renata
Published: December 2024

Buscando apreender as categorias simbólicas a partir das quais os camponeses constroem o parentesco, toma-se a Festa de Família como um espaço privilegiado de estudo. Essas festas atualizam os significados do parentesco a partir da vivificação de um mito de origem e a afirmação de laços de parentesco extenso. Para a construção deste estudo, foi realizada pesquisa etnográfica em uma Festa de Família – junto a uma comunidade rural conformada por descendentes de imigrantes alemães, situada no Rio Grande do Sul. Como pudemos evidenciar a partir da pesquisa, os participantes da festa estabelecem significados diferenciados para o parentesco, que agrega pessoas que descendem de um ancestral comum ou, de algum modo, têm ligação com ele, constituindo uma relação de pertencimento familiar e étnico.
MASCULINIDADE, MEMÓRIA E TRABALHO: UM ESTUDO ETNOGRÁFICO COM HOMENS CAMPEIROS DO PAMPA SUL-RIO-GRANDENSE EM PROCESSOS DE MOBILIDADE
Authors: Silva Liza Bilhalva Martins da
Published: December 2024

Desde os primeiros sinais de instauração da pecuária na região do pampa sul-rio-grandense as transformações se fizeram presentes. Paisagem, homens/mulheres, animais e objetos estão permanentemente envolvidos no processo que articula convenção e invenção no ritmo do cotidiano. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar, a partir do movimento migratório de homens trabalhadores do campo para as cidades da região pampeana, as estratégias de construção da masculinidade e restabelecimento na dinâmica social.