bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neutron and Thermal Embrittlement of RPV Steels: An Overview
Authors: Nanstad Randy K. , Sokolov Mikhail A. , Ortner Susan R. , Styman Paul D.
Published: May 2018

Because the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) represents the first structural line of defense against the release of radiation to the public, the design and fabrication of the RPV for any nuclear reactor facility is performed at very high standards in accordance with consensus codes that are based on mechanical and physical properties of the steels used to construct the vessel. Nuclear RPVs may weigh up to 800 tons with wall thicknesses up to approximately 330 mm and are clad on the inside with stainless-steel weld metal and given a final post-weld heat treatment. The RPV is a unique structural component in that it operates under high pressures and temperatures and is exposed to relatively high neutron radiation. Although typical RPV steels and welds have excellent fracture toughness at room temperature and above when put into service, the degrading effects of high-energy neutron irradiation can cause levels of irradiation-induced embrittlement in radiation-sensitive materials of concern for the structural integrity of the RPV. In recent decades, remarkable progress has been made in developing a mechanistic understanding of irradiation embrittlement. This progress includes developing physically based and statistically calibrated models of Charpy V-notch-indexed transition temperature shifts based on results from RPV surveillance programs complemented by significant results from comprehensive research experiments performed in test reactors. In addition, advances in elastic-plastic fracture mechanics allow for a relatively small number of relatively small specimens to characterize the fracture toughness of RPV steels with statistical confidence. This paper presents a review of the primary mechanical properties, test procedures, examples of applicable codes and standards, and specimen types used to characterize RPV steels and welds, the effects of neutron irradiation on those most relevant mechanical properties, and a brief review of the effects of thermal aging on RPV materials. The paper closes with a summary.
Perceptual Oscillation of Audiovisual Time Simultaneity
Authors: Benedetto Alessandro , Burr David Charles , Morrone Maria Concetta
Published: May 2018

Action and perception are tightly coupled systems requiring coordination and synchronization over time. How the brain achieves synchronization is still a matter of debate, but recent experiments suggest that brain oscillations may play an important role in this process. Brain oscillations have been also proposed to be fundamental in determining time perception. Here, we had subjects perform an audiovisual temporal order judgment task to investigate the fine dynamics of temporal bias and sensitivity before and after the execution of voluntary hand movement (button-press). The reported order of the audiovisual sequence was rhythmically biased as a function of delay from hand action execution. Importantly, we found that it oscillated at a theta range frequency, starting ∼500 ms before and persisting ∼250 ms after the button-press, with consistent phase-locking across participants. Our results show that the perception of cross-sensory simultaneity oscillates rhythmically in synchrony with the programming phase of a voluntary action, demonstrating a link between action preparation and bias in temporal perceptual judgments.
Combinatorial Expression ofGrpandNeurod6Defines Dopamine Neuron Populations with Distinct Projection Patterns and Disease Vulnerability
Authors: Kramer Daniel J. , Risso Davide , Kosillo Polina , Ngai John , Bateup Helen S.
Published: May 2018

Midbrain dopamine neurons project to numerous targets throughout the brain to modulate various behaviors and brain states. Within this small population of neurons exists significant heterogeneity based on physiology, circuitry, and disease susceptibility. Recent studies have shown that dopamine neurons can be subdivided based on gene expression; however, the extent to which genetic markers represent functionally relevant dopaminergic subpopulations has not been fully explored. Here we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of mouse dopamine neurons and validated studies showing thatNeurod6andGrpare selective markers for dopaminergic subpopulations. Using a combination of multiplex fluorescentin situhybridization, retrograde labeling, and electrophysiology in mice of both sexes, we defined the anatomy, projection targets, physiological properties, and disease vulnerability of dopamine neurons based onGrpand/orNeurod6expression. We found that the combinatorial expression ofGrpandNeurod6defines dopaminergic subpopulations with unique features.Grp+/Neurod6+dopamine neurons reside in the ventromedial VTA, send projections to the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens, and have noncanonical physiological properties.Grp+/Neurod6-dopamine neurons are found in the VTA as well as in the ventromedial portion of the SNc, where they project selectively to the dorsomedial striatum.Grp-/Neurod6+dopamine neurons represent a smaller VTA subpopulation, which is preferentially spared in a 6-OHDA model of Parkinson’s disease. Together, our work provides detailed characterization ofNeurod6andGrpexpression in the midbrain and generates new insights into how these markers define functionally relevant dopaminergic subpopulations.
Differences in Hearing Acuity among “Normal-Hearing” Young Adults Modulate the Neural Basis for Speech Comprehension
Authors: Lee Yune S. , Wingfield Arthur , Min Nam-Eun , Kotloff Ethan , Grossman Murray , Peelle Jonathan E.
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we investigate how subtle differences in hearing acuity affect the neural systems supporting speech processing in young adults. Auditory sentence comprehension requires perceiving a complex acoustic signal and performing linguistic operations to extract the correct meaning. We used functional MRI to monitor human brain activity while adults aged 18–41 years listened to spoken sentences. The sentences varied in their level of syntactic processing demands, containing either a subject-relative or object-relative center-embedded clause. All participants self-reported normal hearing, confirmed by audiometric testing, with some variation within a clinically normal range. We found that participants showed activity related to sentence processing in a left-lateralized frontotemporal network. Although accuracy was generally high, participants still made some errors, which were associated with increased activity in bilateral cingulo-opercular and frontoparietal attention networks. A whole-brain regression analysis revealed that activity in a right anterior middle frontal gyrus (aMFG) component of the frontoparietal attention network was related to individual differences in hearing acuity, such that listeners with poorer hearing showed greater recruitment of this region when successfully understanding a sentence. The activity in right aMFGs for listeners with poor hearing did not differ as a function of sentence type, suggesting a general mechanism that is independent of linguistic processing demands. Our results suggest that even modest variations in hearing ability impact the systems supporting auditory speech comprehension, and that auditory sentence comprehension entails the coordination of a left perisylvian network that is sensitive to linguistic variation with an executive attention network that responds to acoustic challenge.
„Koks aš esu...“: režisieriaus Juozo Miltinio asmeninės bibliotekos knygų pastabos
Authors: Mikelinskaitė Angelė
Published: May 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]

Straipsnyje, remiantis režisieriaus Juozo Miltinio (1907–1994) asmenine biblioteka, nagrinėjamos šios kolekcijos knygose išlikusios marginalinės pastabos: informaciniai įrašai, tekstai, ženklai ir žymos, sutelkiant dėmesį į „pogamybines“ marginalines pastabas, kurios atsirado kaip bibliotekos savininko darbo su knyga išraiška. Aiškinamas šių marginalijų santykis su knygos teksto turiniu, tematika. Aptariamas marginalijų turinys, funkcinė prigimtis ir reikšmė, apžvelgiama, ką liudija šie pagalbiniai informaciniai įrašai už knygos pagrindinio teksto. Tyrinėjant režisieriaus asmeninės bibliotekos marginalinius įrašus, ieškoma sąsajų su asmenybe, jos veikla bei santykių su aplinka.
The Knowledge Economy and the Activation of Scientific and Technological Progress: Contemporary Challenges
Authors: Melnikas Borisas
Published: May 2018

This article is dedicated to the problems and processes of the activation of scientific and technological progress in the context of contemporary challenges of the creation of a knowledge-based society and knowledge economy. The main focus here is on activating innovations, scientific and technological progress and creating various preconditions for the development of a knowledge-based society and knowledge economy.The contemporary processes and phenomena of innovations of scientific and technological progress and of its activation are analyzed in a complex manner; the needs for the purposeful activation and acceleration of scientific and technological progress, in particular in response to the aspirations of the knowledge-based society and the creation of a knowledge economy, are investigated in the presented material.The role and importance of innovation activities and the acceleration of scientific and technological advance in the context of the creation of a knowledge-based society and a knowledge economy are revealed and highlighted. New ideas of the search and use of synergetic effects, as well as a new theoretical approach based on the so-called universal principle of the creation of a “new quality,” are described.The results of the presented research can be used for preparing practical recommendations and methodologies that could be applied in the creation and implementation of the managerial and economic instruments and support systems aimed at the purpose of activating the processes of innovations and scientific and technological progress. These recommendations and methodolies could also be utilized in the development of international relations in the context of what is required in the creation of a knowledge-based society and knowledge economy.It is shown that the problems and processes of scientific and technological progress can be appreciated as an extremely important and viable field of scientific research on the creation and development of a knowledge economy.

Keywords: knowledge economy, scientific and technological progress, innovation, synergy, networking
Development of a microwave-assisted UV sterilization system for milk
Authors: Singh S.S. , Mishra S. , Pradhan R.C. , Vivek K.
Published: May 2018

A microwave-assisted ultraviolet sterilization system was developed to study the synergistic effect in the sterilization of milk. Electrodeless lamps emitting ultraviolet radiation inside the microwave chamber gave a synergistic effect without challenging food safety standards. This study compared the results of both microwave and microwave assisted ultraviolet sterilizations of milk in terms of various microbial tests and physicochemical properties. The microwave-assisted ultraviolet system was found to be more effective compared to microwave alone. A significant difference (P<0.05) was observed for total plate count and methylene blue reduction test between microwave and microwave assisted ultraviolet treatment from 5 to 15 secs. Microwave-assisted ultraviolet treatment decreased the microbial count exponentially and showed <1 log (CFU ml–1) after ten seconds of treatment. During the treatment period, no significant difference was observed in the physicochemical properties of milk.
Comparação da força e resistência dos músculos inspiratórios entre ativos e sedentários
Authors: De Oliveira Francisco Tiago Oliveira , Petto Jefferson , Esquivel Mateus Souza , Carvalho Costa Dias Cristiane Maria , Oliveira Ana Carolina Santana , Aras Roque
Published: May 2018

INTRODUÇÃO: A prática regular de atividade física está associada com melhora do estado de saúde, aumento da capacidade funcional, aumento da força muscular e redução da mortalidade por doenças cardíacas. Apesar dos benefícios de a prática regular de exercício físico estarem consolidados na literatura, as adaptações na força e resistência dos músculos inspiratórios são controversas. OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese que não há diferença da força e resistência dos músculos inspiratórios entre indivíduos ativos e sedentários. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional de corte transversal. Avaliou-se indivíduos entre 18 e 30 anos, ambos os sexos e saudáveis. Os voluntários foram divididos em ativos e sedentários de acordo a classificação da American College of Sports Medicine  (ACMS). Os indivíduos tiveram a força máxima dos músculos inspiratórios (FMI) determinada através do dispositivo POWERbreathe® K5 inspiratory muscle trainer, que intula esta variável como Sindex. A resistência dos músculos inspiratórios foi avaliada través de um teste incremental. Para comparação das médias foi aplicada o teste t de student para distribuição simétrica, p< 0,05. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa com CAAE : 37781014.4.0000.5544. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 92 indivíduos, destes 55 (60%) foram classificados como ativos e 57 (62%) do sexo masculino. Ao realizar a comparação do Sindex entre ativos e sedentários (128±26; 119±24 cmH2O; p=0,85) e da exaustão no teste incremental (65±16% e 60±16%;p=0,095), respctivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Os indivíduos ativos não apresentam músculos inspiratórios mais fortes e resistentes quando comparados com sedentários.
Physical exercise and reduction of Postprandial Lipemia: the influence of caloric expenditure
Authors: Petto Jefferson , Do Sacramento Marvyn de Santana , Gomes Vinícius Afonso , Andrade André Lemos de Souza , Dos Santos Alan Carlos Nery , Ladeia Ana Marice Teixeira
Published: May 2018

INTRODUCTION: Although the reductive effect of a single physical exercise (PE) session on postprandial lipemia (PPL) is controversial, studies indicate that caloric expenditure is the main determinant of PPL reduction.  OBJECTIVE: Test the hypothesis that a PE session based on caloric expenditure modifies PPL. METHODS: This is a prospective controlled intervention study, including a cohort of 18 men with average age of 22 ± 1.3 years and BMI of 21 ± 4.2 kg/m². All were irregularly active students, with fasting triglyceride (TG) values of less than or equal to 150mg/dL. They were submitted to two PPL tests: Basal (PPLB) and Exercise (PPLE). Blood samples were collected at time 0 (fasting) and after ingestion of a lipid compound (25g) at 180 and 240 minutes for TG dosing. In the PPLE test, a PE session on treadmill was applied shortly after the collection at 120 minutes, achieving an energy expenditure of 500kcal. STATISTICS: The medians of the variation (delta) between the TG values between fasting and 120min (?1), fasting and 240min (?2) and between 120 and 240min (?3) were compared. The bi-directional Wilcoxon test was used to compare deltas. RESULTS: The TG medians of ?1 respectively for PPLB and PPLE were 63 Vs.60 (p=0.95); ?2 102 Vs. 25 (p=0.02) and ?3 32 Vs. -10 (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In this study, a physical exercise session based on caloric expenditure of 500kcal, after lipid intake, reduced the PPL peak in healthy youngsters.
Mechanical and Petrological Properties of Gercus Formation in Dukan Area, Kurdistan of Iraq
Authors: Alshkane Dr. Younis , Rashed Dr. Kamal , Daoud Dr. Hyam
Published: May 2018

The mechanical properties of Gercus Formation in Iraq such as Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), Tensile Strength (TS), Point Load Strength and Young’s Modulus (E) are very crucial to design structures in or on the Formation. Unfortunately, there is no information about these mechanical properties as well as about predicting these properties using non-destructive tests such as the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). The aim of this study is to evaluate these mechanical properties for Gercus Formation and to develop the correlation equations to find the mechanical properties from simple indirect tests such as point load test (PLT) and non-destructive test (UPV). Fifty one core samples (75mm diameter and 150 mm height) were collected from Gercus formation at Surqawshan Dam Project in Iraq and prepared for physical and mechanical testing. The obtained results showed that the mechanical properties of the Gercus Formation can be obtained using non-destructive test (UPV) whereas the point load test is not a good choice to predict the mechanical properties of the formation. Furthermore, the petrological properties of Gercus Formation have been studied macroscopic and microscopic by thin sections. Based on the petrological analysis, the collected samples were classified in white dolomitic limestone, gray shale, red silty sandstone and red clayey sandstone.
The impact of land potential on urban transformations as measured by performed activities in residential neighborhoods of Erbil city
Authors: Haykal Dr. Hamid , Mustafa Dr. Faris , Abdulrahman Nashmil
Published: May 2018

The involvement of the people with different social, economic, and cultural features causes the cities to be complicated and continually self-changing settlement units. The changes happen due to human impact, as they are likely to shape the space where they live in and are lined with their own wishes and needs. However, the most serious problems of the urban space have begun to be taken under the name “urban transformation process”. Urban transformation process as a continuous process has had important effects on the cities, one of which is the transformation of urban residential spaces. The purpose of this study is to examine the underlying causes of residential transformation activities which are potential of land. Through discussing the main aspects of residential transformation, the specific research problem has been formulated as “the impact of land potential on performed activities for neighborhood units in Erbil city is still unstudied”. Set of indicators are determined to be used in the practical part of this study. The main indicators that contributed in measuring the land potential for neighborhood units are the distance from city center (m), the street width (m), the dwelling unit plot area (m2) and the area of green open spaces (m2) .Other indicators have been assumed to measure the performed activities such as construction license, reconstruction license, trading level and land price. Correlation methodology has been adopted to analyze the direction and strength of relation between quantitative variables. The study conducted general survey for (47) neighborhood units for studying impact of land potential on performed activities. The numerical results were calculated through SPSS program. The contribution of this study lies in its role in extending the theoretical debates in the transformation literature to the potential of land.
Load – Deflection Behavior of Rectangular R.C. Slabs with Three Edges Fixed and The Fourth Free Under Uniformly Load
Authors: Hassan Dr. Ali
Published: May 2018

A method is proposed for the prediction of load – deflection relationship of rectangular R.C slabs with three edges fixed and the fourth free under uniformly distributed loading. The analysis is carried out in three stages. The first stage represents the initial pre-cracking elastic stage. In this stage, use is made of the classical plate theory to predict the load and deflection up to the cracking load. The second stage represents the elasto-plastic stage and starts from the cracking load to Johansen’s yield line theory load. In this stage, the cracking of concrete and yielding of steel reinforcement are accounted for by suitability modifying the flexural rigidity. Changes that occur in the support conditions along the fixed edges due to the formation of the yield line lines at Johansen’s load are also considered. In the third stage of analysis, a method based on the flow theory of rigid plastic bodies, is developed for assessing the ultimate strength as well as determining the post yield behavior of such slabs. The method takes into account the significant effect of membrane forces which are usually induced in the plane of the slab along sagging and hogging yield lines as the slab deflects. Considering equilibrium and compatibility of the deformed slab elements, load-deflection relation is derived starting from the initial compressive membrane action up to the full-depth cracking at large deflections. The rigid- perfectly plastic behavior is adopted with modification to obtain the actual maximum ultimate load including membrane action and the deflection at this ultimate load. The predicted load- deflection relationship is fairly comparable with typical load- deflection curves of restrained slabs.
The Prevalence of Some Lifestyle Risk Factors, Negatively Affecting the Health of High School Students
Authors: Iurev Vadim K. , Zhirkov Pavel G.
Published: May 2018

Important role in shaping the health of adolescents is played by the environmental factors and lifestyle, the influence of which they are exposed to a greater degree than adults. At the same time, adolescents have not yet formed attitudes to conscious attitude to their health, extremely low medical activity, which exacerbates the impact of risk factors on their health. The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of high school students about the risk factors of lifestyle that adversely affect health, and their prevalence among adolescents. To achieve this goal on a specially designed statistical forms conducted an anonymous survey of 325 boys enrolled in high school four secondary schools in the city of Yakutsk. It was found that high school students are quite well informed about most lifestyle risk factors that have an impact on health. At the same time, in the way of life of many young men (73,9 ± 2,4 of 100) there is at least one risk factor that adversely affects health. Among the risk factors for health in high school students of Yakutsk are more common: prolonged stay at the computer, sleep, excessive consumption of food with high carbohydrate content, small stay in the fresh air, long additional classes, low physical activity. In this regard, it is now a very important task of school, family, health workers is to create in adolescents’ belief in the need to maintain a healthy lifestyle, the formation of a cult of health.
Parental compliance and influences factors in treatment of children with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Nalyotov Andrew V. , Vunichenko Yulia S. , Masyuta Dmitry I.
Published: May 2018

Summary. The irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common of functional gastrointestinal tract disorders in the population. The Rome criteria IV are basic recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in patients of different ages. At the present time, the therapy of most diseases requires special attention not only from the treating physician, but also from the patient. In turn, in the treatment of children, the monitoring of compliance with the treatment is carried out not by the patient, but by his parents who control the regimen of taking medications.

The aim of the study was to determine the level of parental compliance and factors affecting it in the treatment of children with irritable bowel syndrome. It was established that the level of parental compliance to the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome for their children is low, which may lead to a decrease in the effectiveness of the treatment. It was found that only in less than 1/3 of the patients the parents are fully compliant with respect to the therapy received by their child. The main causes that influence the adherence of parents to the treatment of their child with irritable bowel syndrome are revealed. Establishment of interpersonal relationships in the “doctor-patient-parent” system, working with parents, aimed at explaining the essence of the disease (in some cases, the mechanisms of its formation), the consequences of the disease, treatment tactics are an important stage in the therapy of a sick child.
Irritable bowel syndrome and food allergy in children
Authors: Novikova Valeria P. , Revnova Maria O. , Listopadova Anastasia P.
Published: May 2018

Dysplasia of the main veins (DMV) is known by the names of authors had described this pathology as the Klippel-Trenone syndrome (KTS). Many authors consider the cause of the syndrome to be the impact of various teratogenic factors. These include drugs, infectious agents, radiation exposure, domestic and occupational hazards. Teratogenic factors can damage embryo vessels, causing local stasis and hemorrhages, which can be cause for the perverse formation of veins and surrounding tissues. The clinical picture of severe and extremely severe degrees embryonic type DMV is quite simple. It include asymmetric hypertrophy of the extremities, “disfiguring” in patients with extremely severe degree, extensive cyanotic vascular spots, often accompanied by papillomatous nevus of the skin. The spots are located on the anterolateral surface of the thigh and lower leg. Embryonic veins, which can be found under the spots – a characteristic pathognomonic sign of the KTS. Disturbances in the shape of the limb and external signs of angiodysplasia (vascular spots, atypical veins) in children with mild to moderate severity degree are less pronounced and can be inconstant. Examination and treatment of children with DMV, depending on the severity of the lesion, it is rational to start from the time of detection to 6 years. Phlebography reveal various variants of violation of the surgical anatomy of the veins of the affected limbs. Medium and light forms of dysplasia of the main veins should be differentiated with similar forms of fetal type, congenital Parkes Weber syndrome and acquired iliofemoral thrombosis (atypical veins above the bosom). Sometimes there are combinations of dysplasia of the main, deep, intermuscular and superficial veins. The following operations, according to the indications, are performed: phlebectomy and perforant veins ligation; embryonic veins removal and main outflow correction; musculoskeletal system surgery, abdominal and retroperitoneal surgery, as well as amputation of affected limb. Treatment including surgical and non-surgical methods should be comprehensive and should be performed in highly specialized, multidisciplinary hospitals.
Klippel-Trenone syndrome. Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Azarov Mikhail V , Kupatadze Dimitri D , Nabokov Victor V
Published: May 2018

Dysplasia of the main veins (DMV) is known by the names of authors had described this pathology as the Klippel-Trenone syndrome (KTS). Many authors consider the cause of the syndrome to be the impact of various teratogenic factors. These include drugs, infectious agents, radiation exposure, domestic and occupational hazards. Teratogenic factors can damage embryo vessels, causing local stasis and hemorrhages, which can be cause for the perverse formation of veins and surrounding tissues. The clinical picture of severe and extremely severe degrees embryonic type DMV is quite simple. It include asymmetric hypertrophy of the extremities, “disfiguring” in patients with extremely severe degree, extensive cyanotic vascular spots, often accompanied by papillomatous nevus of the skin. The spots are located on the anterolateral surface of the thigh and lower leg. Embryonic veins, which can be found under the spots - a characteristic pathognomonic sign of the KTS. Disturbances in the shape of the limb and external signs of angiodysplasia (vascular spots, atypical veins) in children with mild to moderate severity degree are less pronounced and can be inconstant. Examination and treatment of children with DMV, depending on the severity of the lesion, it is rational to start from the time of detection to 6 years. Phlebography reveal various variants of violation of the surgical anatomy of the veins of the affected limbs. Medium and light forms of dysplasia of the main veins should be differentiated with similar forms of fetal type, congenital Parkes Weber syndrome and acquired iliofemoral thrombosis (atypical veins above the bosom). Sometimes there are combinations of dysplasia of the main, deep, intermuscular and superficial veins. The following operations, according to the indications, are performed: phlebectomy and perforant veins ligation; embryonic veins removal and main outflow correction; musculoskeletal system surgery, abdominal and retroperitoneal surgery, as well as amputation of affected limb. Treatment including surgical and non-surgical methods should be comprehensive and should be performed in highly specialized, multidisciplinary hospitals. (For citation: Azarov MV, Kupatadze DD, Nabokov VV. Klippel-Trenone syndrome. Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Pediatrician (St. Petersburg). 2018;9(2):78-86. doi: 10.17816/PED9278-86).
Histological examination as one of the main methods that allow to substantiate conclusions of forensic medical examination
Authors: Davydova Zlata V. , Sokolova Olga V. , Nasyrov Ruslan A.
Published: May 2018

We present the case of postmortem diagnosis of rare in forensic medical practice disease — of arrhythmogenic dysplasia and the analysis of morphological and microscopi manifestations of the disease. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) belongs to primary cardiomyopathy. This pathology of unclear etiology is usually an isolated impairment of the right ventricle (RV), often running in the family, characterized by fatty or fibrofatty infiltration of ventricular myocardium accompanied by heart rhythm disorders (HRD) of the ventricles of various severity, including ventricular fibrillation. Prevalence of ARVD has been studied not enough due to the fact that the onset of the disease is often asymptomatic. In 80% of cases it is revealed under the age of 40, more frequently in males. Some authors consider ARVD to be the cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in 26% of children and adolescents. SCD may be the first and the only manifestation of ARVD, particularly in young people and sportsmen. According to the data by the American authors, ARVD is diagnosed posthumously approximately in 5% of SCD cases in people younger than 65 years of age and in 3-4% cases of death in young sportsmen during competitions. Opinions as to pathogenesis of the disease come to two theories: ARVD is a congenital anomaly of development of RV myocardium called dysplasia. The onset of tachycardia may be postponed for many years until RV is considerably enlarged and the size of arrhythmogenic substrate is big enough to cause persistent ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT). The second theory connects the onset of RV dysplasia with metabolic disturbances involving RV and causing progressing myocyte replacement (apoptosis). Islets of fibrofatty tissue revealed in ARVD form arrhythmogenic substrate carrying conditions for development of reentry underlying malignant VT.
Clinical observation of severe laryngomalacia an infant
Authors: Zakharova Maria L. , Pavlov Pavel V. , Kuznecova Alla A. , Rachkova Ksenia K.
Published: May 2018

Relevance. Disorders of the larynx are a poorly studied section of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. In recent years, the incidence of congenital malformations of the larynx increases, and laryngomalacia is the most common. Diagnosis of this disease is difficult in the conditions of outpatient department without necessary equipment. However, each doctor should understand the importance of diagnosis of laryngomalacia, because this disease can get a severe form with a potential injury to the life and health of the child, especially during the catarrhal disease.

Objectives: development of diagnostic algorithm and the choice of optimal treatment strategy, intended to restoring of laryngeal functions.

Materials and methods. Your attention is the case of severe clinical course laringomalacia an infant and its surgical correction in the clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University. The child was observed by the standard method: flexible laryngoscopy, x-ray examination of the neck in the lateral view, x-ray examination of the chest, laboratory blood tests.

Results. This article demonstrates the diagnostic algorithm and the choice of optimal treatment strategy, which avoids the imposition of tracheostomy and rehabilitation the child in infancy. A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of children with laringomalacia is validated.

Conclusions. This clinical case is a striking example of the need for early diagnosis of the type of congenital malformation of the larynx in newborns with congenital stridor and other signs of dysfunction of the larynx.
An infant with congenital midaortic syndrome
Authors: YAPICIOĞLU YILDIZDAŞ Hacer , ERDEM Sevcan , DEMİR Fadli , ŞİMŞEK Hüseyin , ÖZLÜ Ferda
Published: May 2018

Midaortic syndrome is an uncommon disease characterized by segmental or diffuse narrowing of abdominal or distal descending thorasic aorta. Majority of the cases are idiopathic but some are secondary to fibromuscular dysplasia, giant cell arteritis, Moyamoya disease or genetic diseases such as neurofibromatosis, Williams’ syndrome and Alagille syndrome. It is very rare in newborn period.  Here we present a 40 days old infant who admitted to hospital for respiratory distress, hypertension, heart failure and was diagnosed as midaortic syndrome. She had medical treatment but unfortunately died due to heart failure when she was two months old age.
Constitutional chromosome 16q mosaicism: inheritance and phenotypic effects
Authors: DEMİRHAN Osman , TUNÇ Erdal , ALTUNBAŞAK Şakir
Published: May 2018

Partial monosomies of chromosome 16q are rare. Here, we report a boy showed various aberrations in the q22.1→qter region of chromosome 16 and some important clinical features. The patient presented low IQ, delayed speech, delayed psychomotor development, late walking, clapping hands in case of excitement, deficiency in social adjustment and incompatibility with peers. Standard cytogenetic analysis was performed to patient and his family. Cytogenetic analysis results showed deletions, breaks and fragilities in the q22.1 region in one of chromosome 16. Analyzed cells of patient and his father showed 38% and 26% structural aberrations, respectively. Aberrations were inherited from an apparently normal father. The comparison of the present case to other 16q22.1→qter monosomies contributed to narrow down the critical region for delayed speech and full undeveloped fine motor skills in the 16q22.1→qter deletion syndrome. We showed that 16q deletions are confined to the phenotypic features such as delayed speech, full undeveloped fine motor skills.
Sedasyon altında dental tedavi alan epidermolizis büllozalı hastada anestezi
Authors: Akpınar Hatice , Fındık Yavuz
Published: May 2018

Epidermolizis bülloza deride ve/veya gastrointestinal sistemde büllerle karakterize herediter bir hastalıktır. Bu hastalığın sebebiyet verdiği fiziksel ve metabolik değişiklikler sonucunda anestezi pratiğinde çeşitli zorluklar ortaya çıkabilmektedir. Dental tedavi için sedasyon uygulanan pediatrik hastada intravenöz yola olan erişimdeki güçlük ve hastanın monitörizasyonunun güçlüğü söz konusu olmuştur. Tüm bu güçlüklere rağmen hastada başarılı ve komplikasyonsuz bir şekilde anestezi yönetimi gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Los idearios pedagógicos de José Martí y Amado Nervo
Authors: Vigne Pacheco Ana
Published: May 2018

Estos dos escritores importantes del Modernismo latinoamericano se interesaron enormemente por la pedagogía y la educación en general de los niños de sus países respectivos. Este artículo estudia sus producciones en este campo y señala las diferencias de enfoque y de soportes que cada autor utilizó para poner en práctica sus ideas. En Martí se manifiesta el deseo de despertar la curiosidad de sus pequeños lectores por medio de artículos y ficciones publicados en su revista infantil La Edad de Oro; mientras que en Nervo, son los manuales escolares los que desempeñan ese mismo papel.
Анализ современного состояния электронного правительства в России
Authors: Тагаров Бато Жаргалович
Published: May 2018

Работа посвящена анализу состояния электронного правительства в России в условиях становления информационного общества. Показано различие терминов «электронное правительство» и «электронное государство». Рассмотрены цели и проблемы внедрения концепции электронного правительства. Выделены две стадии информатизации органов власти: стадия информатизации существующих процессов и стадия качественной изменения производства общественных благ. Проведен анализ использования информационных технологий органами власти. Рассмотрена статистика использования Интернет при взаимодействии населения и чиновников. Сделан вывод о том, что в настоящий момент процессы информатизации направлены на повыше-ние эффективности существующей структуры органов власти.
Подходы к выбору направлений реиндустриализации промышленности Кыргызской Республики
Authors: Наабер Юрий Рудольфович , Сомов Евгений Николаевич , Сулеева Диляра Аюевна
Published: May 2018

В предлагаемой статье рассмотрена проблема реиндустриализации, которая является одной из важнейших в экономическом развитии Кыргызской Республики.
Реиндустриализацию нельзя проводить, реанимируя разорившиеся предприятия, без учета политических событий, произошедших за последние 25 лет, а достижений науки и техники за тот же период. Подъему отечественной экономики может способствовать Национальная инновационная система Кыргызской Республики, которая, действуя эффективно, может определить современный уровень производительности труда в республике и в регионах и способствовать разработке генерального направления развития экономики. Новые предприятия в соответствии с программой подъема экономики республики должны стремиться к мировому уровню развития аналогичных предприятий отрасли. Сама программа создания новых предприятий должна быть частью программы реиндустриализации промышленности ЕАЭС.
LEED Yeşil Bina Sertifika Sisteminin Taşınmaz Değeri Üzerindeki Etkilerinin İrdelenmesi
Authors: UĞUR Latif Onur , LEBLEBİCİ Neşe
Published: May 2018

Yeşil
binaların taşınmaz değerleme açısından ele alınması ve uluslararası yeşil bina
sertifika sistemleri kapsamında değerlendirilmesi amacıyla hazırlanan çalışmada,
dünyada en çok
kullanılan ve kabul gören LEED sertifika sistemi ele alınarak, söz konusu sisteme
göre Türkiye’de altın ve platin sertifika düzeylerinde derecelendirilmiş iki
adet bina incelenmiştir. Sahip oldukları sertifika kategorilerinin kriterleri
kapsamında ele alınan her iki binanın, yeşil bina olmalarından kaynaklanan
farklılıklarının taşınmaz değeri üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır. Çalışma
sonucunda; yıllık enerji tasarruf miktarlarına göre hesaplandığında, LEED yeşil
bina sertifikalandırma sisteminden kaynaklanan ilave yeşil değerin, altın
sertifikalı binada 242 $/m² ve platin sertifikalı binada ise 255 $/m²
olabileceği tahmin edilmiştir.
Skuteczność programu Learning Breakthrough w terapii dysleksji rozwojowej
Authors: Rusiak Patrycja
Published: May 2018

Dysleksja rozwojowa to zaburzenie związane z trudnościami w czytaniu i pisaniu. W literaturze przedmiotu istnieje wiele hipotez mających na celu wyjaśnienie jego przyczyn. Jedną z nich jest teoria deficytu móżdżkowego. Zakłada ona, że głównym czynnikiem utrudniającym proces nauki czytania i pisania są dysfunkcje w budowie oraz funkcjonowaniu móżdżku, czego konsekwencją są deficyty procesu automatyzacji. Od kilku lat prowadzi się badania zmierzające do stworzenia narzędzi terapeutycznych pomocnych w niwelowaniu trudności obserwowanych u osób dyslektycznych. W chwili obecnej brakuje jednak przekonujących dowodów na temat ich skuteczności. Celem przeprowadzonego badania była ocena efektywności programu terapeutycznego Learning Breakthrough. W tym celu posłużono się czterema testami czytania, które wykonywane były dwukrotnie – przed i po 4-miesięcznym treningu. Oczekiwano poprawy wykonania testów czytania tylko u uczestników z grupy eksperymentalnej. Jednakże analiza statystyczna nie ujawniła żadnych istotnych różnic między wynikami otrzymanymi w preteście i postteście, tak pomiędzy grupą eksperymentalną, jak też i kontrolną. Uzyskane rezultaty sugerują, że interwencja terapeutyczna nie poprawiła poziomu czytania u osób dyslektycznych.
Relacja praca–rodzina, komunikacja małżeńska i zdrowie pracowników zatrudnionych w systemie rotującym wstecz
Authors: Siemiginowska Patrycja , Wątroba Joanna
Published: May 2018

Wśród pracowników zmianowych (N = 42) dużej polskiej firmy produkcyjnej przeprowadzono badania w zakresie powiązań pomiędzy relacją praca–rodzina, komunikacją małżeńską i zdrowiem psychicznym. Wykorzystano Skalę Wzajemnego Wpływu Pracy i Rodziny, Kwestionariusz Komunikacji Małżeńskiej i Partnerskiej oraz GHQ-28. Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują, że: (1) dolegliwości związane ze zdrowiem psychicznym pracowników zmianowych (objawy somatyczne, lęk i bezsenność, dysfunkcja społeczna/zaburzenia funkcjonowania, ostra depresja i ogólny stan zdrowia) mogą być w umiarkowanym stopniu powiązane z konfliktem praca–rodzina; (2) facylitacja rodzina–praca koreluje umiarkowanie z konstruktywnymi stylami komunikacji małżeńskiej (wsparcie i zaangażowanie), natomiast konflikt praca–rodzina koreluje umiarkowanie z destruktywnym stylem komunikacji w diadzie: deprecjacją. Relacja praca–rodzina wiąże się zatem w umiarkowanym stopniu z komunikacją małżeńską i zdrowiem pracowników zmianowych.
Kto i z jakich powodów angażuje się w związek Friends with Benefits?
Authors: Chanduszko-Salska Jolanta , Włodarczyk Ewa
Published: May 2018

Związek Friends with Benefits (FWB) (w dosłownym tłumaczeniu „przyjaciele z korzyścią/bonusem”) to relacja, w której przyjaciele utrzymują ze sobą powtarzalne kontakty seksualne, wykluczająca jednak romantyczne zaangażowanie. Badania skupiły się na wybranych aspektach związków Friends with Benefits, należą do nich: rozpowszechnienie omawianych związków, motywy, oczekiwania i charakterystyka ich uczestników. Badania miały na celu określić różnice w sposobie, w jaki mężczyźni i kobiety nawiązują „przyjaźń z bonusem”. W tym celu przeprowadzono za pośrednictwem Internetu badania wśród osób zaangażowanych obecnie w relacje FWB (łącznie 134 osoby, w tym 65 mężczyzn i 65 kobiet). Wyniki wskazują na wiele podobieństw, ale także różnic, bowiem seks był częściej wymienianym motywem do rozpoczęcia takich relacji przez mężczyzn, podczas gdy motywy emocjonalne i seksualne w równym stopniu motywowały kobiety. Związki te postrzegane są jako nowość w dziedzinie relacji międzyludzkich, a w szczególności w obszarze polskich badań, i wymagają dalszej eksploracji.
Camp literature. Introduction
Authors: Morawiec Arkadiusz
Published: May 2018

This article includes a terminological discussion regarding the notion of camp literature. Within Polish literary science, it is usually applied to literature raising the topic of German Nazi camps, particularly concentration camps and death camps, and, though less often, to Soviet camps, particularly forced labour camps. Yet the definition has proved to be excessively narrow. It should also cover, previously less studied, works of Polish literature regarding, i.a. the Polish concentration camp in Bereza Kartuska, the communist labour camps established in post-WWII Poland, and the Spanish concentration camp in Miranda de Ebro. The notion camp literature could also be applied to works devoted to internment camps, POW camps, or even ghettoes.
How to describe “the world of colossal absurd”? On the grotesque in Gulag literature
Authors: Sucharski Tadeusz
Published: May 2018

The main aim of the paper is to reflect on the various forms of the disclosure and the use of the grotesque in the Polish camp literature. Prisoners, authors of books devoted to life in the camps, experienced life in conditions that we did not normally recognize as impossible. In this sketch I try to show the ways of using (or not-using) of this experience in literature. Many Polish writers emphasized the importance of ridicule in the description of the world of the camp, because “it sees sharper, it clearly draws”, but that perspective often lacked in their books. However, there were writers (Grubinski and Wittlin) who put the world of Soviet slavery in satirical way, often in the form of “laughter through tears” (close to Bachtin’s conception). There were also writers (Lipski and Mayewski) who dispassionately exposed the horror of the atrocity of the camp, they took the game with the absurd (close to Kayser’s conception). Finally, there was a writer (Olszewski) who attempted to capture the entire Stalinist world as a grotesque.
Report and lament – Zalman Gradowski’s notes from Auschwitz
Authors: Adamczyk Kazimierz
Published: May 2018

The notes by Zalman Gradowski, one of the leaders of the rebellion of the Sonderkommando in Auschwitz-Birkenau, are one of the most important Holocaust documents created by its victims right from its epicentre as the crime progressed. Their fragments were published in Poland and Israel. Gradowski was a religious Jews from Grodno. At the camp, he prayed every day, and wrote down details of each transport. His family: mother, wife, and children, were murdered in the gas chambers immediately upon arriving at Auschwitz. The author of the article analysed the literary value of this exceptional document, which consists of diary notes of a narrative nature, and evocative lyrical passages being a discussion with God deeply rooted in Judaic traditions. Thus, one reads an account of the nature of a report and lament. That exceptional – given its place of origin and literary value – record of the crime, and the suffering of the victims of the Holocaust urges one to ask once more about the inexpressibility of Shoah.
A flawed portrait. The image of Zofia Kossak in the accounts of former Birkenau female internees
Authors: Kowalska-Leder Justyna
Published: May 2018

The article indicates how the figure of Zofia Kossak has been recorded in the unpublished accounts by former KL Auschwitz-Birkenau female internees who during their internment came into contact with the famous writer and activist of the Polish Underground State. Their testimonies diverge from the hagiographic tone which has dominated the known stories of Kossak’s camp experiences, rather resembling Tadeusz Borowski’s infamous post-WWII article entitled Alicja w krainie czarów.
Pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions in the intensive care unit –
single-center experience and literature review
Authors: Łój Piotr , Krzych Łukasz , Ślęzak Weronika , Olender Aleksandra
Published: May 2018

Wstęp

Interakcje międzylekowe (DDIs) stanowią poważne zagrożenie dla zdrowia w codziennej praktyce klinicznej na oddziale intensywnej terapii (ICU). DDI dzielą się na farmakokinetyczne i farmakodynamiczne. Celem pracy była ocena częstości występowania i możliwych skutków interakcji farmakodynamicznych na ICU na przestrzeni 12 miesięcy.

Materiał i metody

Dokonano retrospektywnej analizy kart historii choroby 43 kolejnych pacjentów (11 kobiet, 32 mężczyzn) w wieku 62 ± 15 lat, hospitalizowanych między styczniem 2015 a lutym 2016 r. na wieloprofilowym ICU. Wyszukano i oceniono interakcje farmakodynamiczne. Analizie poddano tylko ciężkie i klinicznie istotne DDI.

Wyniki

Mediana w skali SAPS II wyniosła 53 (IQR 38–67), średni czas pobytu na oddziale 12 (6–12) dni, mediana liczby leków przyjmowanych przez pacjentów – 22 (12–27). Zidentyfikowano 27 (16–41) DDI w przeliczeniu na pacjenta, z czego 3 (1–7) stopnia ciężkiego. Całkowita liczba zidentyfikowanych farmakodynamicznych ciężkich i istotnych klinicznie DDI wynosiła 1189 z czego 320 poddano szczegółowej analizie. Nie badano i nie stwierdzono skutków klinicznych tych DDI.

Wnioski

Identyfikacja DDI oraz ich skutków klinicznych jest wyzywaniem w praktyce lekarskiej, zwłaszcza przez wzgląd na wielolekowość u pacjentów na ICU. Pomimo znaczącej liczby pDDI w warunkach ICU, ocena ich efektów klinicznych wymaga dalszych analiz.