bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-resolution multi-domain space–time isogeometric analysis of car and tire aerodynamics with road contact and tire deformation and rotation
Authors: Kuraishi Takashi , Xu Zhaojing , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E. , Yamasaki Satoshi
Published: September 2022

We are presenting high-resolution space–time (ST) isogeometric analysis of car and tire aerodynamics with near-actual tire geometry, road contact, and tire deformation and rotation. The focus in the high-resolution computation is on the tire aerodynamics. The high resolution is not only in space but also in time. The influence of the aerodynamics of the car body comes, in the framework of the Multidomain Method (MDM), from the global computation with near-actual car body and tire geometries, carried out earlier with a reasonable mesh resolution. The high-resolution local computation, carried out for the left set of tires, takes place in a nested MDM sequence over three subdomains. The first subdomain contains the front tire. The second subdomain, with the inflow velocity from the first subdomain, is for the front-tire wake flow. The third subdomain, with the inflow velocity from the second subdomain, contains the rear tire. All other boundary conditions for the three subdomains are extracted from the global computation. The full computational framework is made of the ST Variational Multiscale (ST-VMS) method, ST Slip Interface (ST-SI) and ST Topology Change (ST-TC) methods, ST Isogeometric Analysis (ST-IGA), integrated combinations of these ST methods, element-based mesh relaxation (EBMR), methods for calculating the stabilization parameters and related element lengths targeting IGA discretization, Complex-Geometry IGA Mesh Generation (CGIMG) method, MDM, and the “ST-C” data compression. Except for the last three, these methods were used also in the global computation, and they are playing the same role in the local computation. The ST-TC, for example, as in the global computation, is making the ST moving-mesh computation possible even with contact between the tire and the road, thus enabling high-resolution flow representation near the tire. The CGIMG is making the IGA mesh generation for the complex geometries less arduous. The MDM is reducing the computational cost by focusing the high-resolution locally to where it is needed and also by breaking the local computation into its consecutive portions. The ST-C data compression is making the storage of the data from the global computation less burdensome. The car and tire aerodynamics computation we present shows the effectiveness of the high-resolution computational analysis framework we have built for this class of problems.
Monogenic diabetes clinic (MDC): 3-year experience
Authors: Rapini Novella , Patera Patrizia I. , Schiaffini Riccardo , Ciampalini Paolo , Pampanini Valentina , Cristina Matteoli M. , Deodati Annalisa , Bracaglia Giorgia , Porzio Ottavia , Ruta Rosario , Novelli Antonio , Mucciolo Mafalda , Cianfarani Stefano , Barbetti Fabrizio
Published: September 2022

Aim

In the pediatric diabetes clinic, patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) account for more than 90% of cases, while monogenic forms represent about 6%. Many monogenic diabetes subtypes may respond to therapies other than insulin and have chronic diabetes complication prognosis that is different from T1D. With the aim of providing a better diagnostic pipeline and a tailored care for patients with monogenic diabetes, we set up a monogenic diabetes clinic (MDC).

Methods

In the first 3 years of activity 97 patients with non-autoimmune forms of hyperglycemia were referred to MDC. Genetic testing was requested for 80 patients and 68 genetic reports were available for review.

Results

In 58 subjects hyperglycemia was discovered beyond 1 year of age (Group 1) and in 10 before 1 year of age (Group 2). Genetic variants considered causative of hyperglycemia were identified in 25 and 6 patients of Group 1 and 2, respectively, with a pick up rate of 43.1% (25/58) for Group 1 and 60% (6/10) for Group 2 (global pick-up rate: 45.5%; 31/68). When we considered probands of Group 1 with a parental history of hyperglycemia, 58.3% (21/36) had a positive genetic test for GCK or HNF1A genes, while pick-up rate was 18.1% (4/22) in patients with mute family history for diabetes. Specific treatments for each condition were administered in most cases.

Conclusion

We conclude that MDC maycontribute to provide a better diabetes care in the pediatric setting.
Some remarks on contractive and existence sets
Authors: Ciesielski Maciej , Lewicki Grzegorz
Published: September 2022

Let X be a real or complex Banach space and let $$ F \subset X $$

F
⊂
X

be a non-empty set. F is called an existence set of best coapproximation (existence set for brevity), if for any $$ x \in X $$

x
∈
X

, $$R_F(x) \ne \emptyset , $$

R
F

(
x
)

≠
∅
,

where $$\begin{aligned} R_F (x) = \{ d \in F : \Vert d-c\Vert \le \Vert x-c\Vert \hbox { for any } c \in F \} . \end{aligned}$$

R
F

(
x
)

=

{
d
∈
F
:
‖
d
-
c
‖

≤

‖
x
-
c
‖

for any

c
∈
F
}
.

It is clear that any existence set is a contractive subset of X. The aim of this paper is to present some conditions on F and X under which the notions of exsistence set and contractive set are equivalent.
Recent invasion and eradication of two members of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from tropical greenhouses in Europe
Authors: Schuler Hannes , Witkowski Radosław , van de Vossenberg Bart , Hoppe Björn , Mittelbach Moritz , Bukovinszki Tibor , Schwembacher Stefan , van de Meulengraaf Bas , Lange Uwe , Rode Sabine , Andriolo Alessandro , Bełka Marta , Mazur Andrzej , Battisti Andrea
Published: September 2022

Ambrosia beetles of the Euwallacea fornicatus species complex are emerging tree pests with a broad host range including important agricultural crops. Native to Southeast Asia, these species were introduced into various countries, where they cause considerable damage to many tree species. Here we report several outbreaks of E. fornicatus s.l. in Europe. The first individuals were found in 2017 in a palm house of a botanical garden in Poznan (Poland) whereas in 2020 an outbreak was detected in a tropical greenhouse in Merano (Italy). In 2021, two additional outbreaks were detected in two greenhouses in Germany, in Erfurt and Berlin. For both cases in Germany it was possible to trace back the invasion to a distributor of exotic plants in the Netherlands where several infested plants were detected. Molecular analyses show that individuals from Poland and Italy are genetically identical but belong to a different mitochondrial clade than individuals in Germany which are identical to most individuals of two greenhouses in the Netherlands. Moreover, in the two greenhouses in the Netherlands we found beetles that belong to another haplotype of E. fornicatus and two haplotypes of E. perbrevis, a species in the E. fornicatus complex, which has not been previously intercepted in Europe. Our study provides novel insights into the invasion history of E. fornicatus and the eradication measures in Europe. Considering the potential of introduction and establishment of Euwallacea ambrosia beetles, particular attention should be paid to monitor the presence of these pests in tropical greenhouses across Europe.
Digital resources as an aspect of teacher professional digital competence: One term, different definitions – a systematic review
Authors: Heine Sandra , Krepf Matthias , König Johannes
Published: September 2022

The term ‘digital resources’ is increasingly used in educational research to describe the specific knowledge and skills that constitute teachers’ professional digital competence. Educational policy documents, including the European Framework for the Digital Competence of Educators (DigCompEdu), deploy the term to reaffirm teachers’ need for special skills in using digital resources. However, educational research literature presents inconsistent views of the term, restricting its effective use in further research and the promotion of associated skills among pre-service and in-service teachers. To clarify the term ‘digital resources’ and support future research related to its application especially in empirical research on teachers’ professional digital competence, this systematic review aims to analyse the definitions of digital resources as a scientific term in 23 articles and to examine and compare the facets and aspects of digital resources. Finally, we derive a definition from the various perspectives and discuss the implications for the definition of digital resources as an aspect of teachers’ professional digital competence.
Brief Report: Characterization of Sensory Over-Responsivity in a Broad Neurodevelopmental Concern Cohort Using the Sensory Processing Three Dimensions (SP3D) Assessment
Authors: Lazerwitz Maia C. , Rowe Mikaela A. , Trimarchi Kaitlyn J. , Garcia Rafael D. , Chu Robyn , Steele Mary C. , Parekh Shalin , Wren-Jarvis Jamie , Bourla Ioanna , Mark Ian , Marco Elysa J. , Mukherjee Pratik
Published: September 2022

Sensory Over-Responsivity (SOR) is an increasingly recognized challenge among children with neurodevelopmental concerns (NDC). To investigate, we characterized the incidence of auditory and tactile over-responsivity (AOR, TOR) among 82 children with NDC. We found that 70% of caregivers reported concern for their child’s sensory reactions. Direct assessment further revealed that 54% of the NDC population expressed AOR, TOR, or both – which persisted regardless of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis. These findings support the high prevalence of SOR as well as its lack of specificity to ASD. Additionally, AOR is revealed to be over twice as prevalent as TOR. These conclusions present several avenues for further exploration, including deeper analysis of the neural mechanisms and genetic contributors to sensory processing challenges.
Talaromyces marneffei Infections in 8 Chinese Children with Inborn Errors of Immunity
Authors: Wang Linlin , Luo Ying , Li Xiaolin , Li Yixian , Xia Yu , He Tingyan , Huang Yanyan , Xu Yongbin , Yang Zhi , Ling Jiayun , Weng Ruohang , Zhu Xiaona , Qi Zhongxiang , Yang Jun
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is an opportunistic fungus leading to multi-organ damages and poor prognosis in immunocompromised individuals. TM infections in children are rare and our knowledge to TM infection is insufficient. To investigate the clinical characteristics of TM-infected children and to explore the underlying mechanisms for host against TM, we analysed TM-infected patients diagnosed in our hospital.

Methods

Eight patients with TM infections have been identified in Shenzhen Children’s Hospital during 2017–2021. Clinical data were collected from medical records. Immunological features were evaluated by flow cytometry. Literatures were also reviewed to summarize the reported inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) with TM infections.

Results

All 8 children were HIV-negative. The most common symptom of TM infections was fever (8/8), followed by weight loss (7/8), pneumonia (7/8), hepatomegaly (7/8), splenomegaly (6/8), anemia (6/8), lymphadenopathy (5/8), thrombocytopenia (3/8), diarrhea (3/8), rashes or skin lesions (3/8), and osteolytic lesions (1/8). Five children died during the follow-ups. CD3+ T cells were decreased in 6 patients. Eight patients had reduced natural killer cells. All patients went gene sequencing and were finally diagnosed as IEIs, including STAT1 gain-of-function, IL-2 receptor common gamma chain deficiency, adenosine deaminase deficiency, CD40 ligand deficiency, and STAT3 deficiency. Another 4 types of IEIs (CARD9, IFN-γ receptor 1, RelB, and NFKB2 deficiency), have been reported with TM infections based on literature review.

Conclusion

TM infections resulted in systemic injuries and high mortality. The spectrum of IEIs underlying TM infections indicated that T cell-mediated immunity, IFN-γ, IL-17 signalings and NF-κB pathways were important for host responses against TM infection. In reverse, for HIV-negative children without other secondary immunodeficiencies, IEIs should be considered in TM-infected children.
Design and analysis of high performance phase shifters on polymeric slot waveguides within liquid crystal cladding
Authors: Alam Badrul , Cornaggia Flavio , d’Alessandro Antonio , Asquini Rita
Published: September 2022

We present an on chip phase shifter based on a polymeric slot waveguide and a liquid–crystal cladding, which is capable of reaching high tuning ranges, low control voltages and low propagation losses. Our analysis includes a purely numerical 3D-Finite-Difference-Time-Domain method and a semi-analytical 2D-Finite-Element-Method approach. Both analyses are in agreement, and confirm the high performances. We have used an analytical method in order to study the values of the control voltages, and used electrostatic simulations to validate the approximations. Moreover, in addition to the slot waveguide, we show that it is possible to develop Y-Splitters with negligible values of insertion losses with the same technology, which enables this type of phase shifters to adapt to existing platforms of polymeric optical integrated circuits, significantly enhancing their modulation capabilities.
Entrepreneurs’ actions and venture success: a structured literature review and suggestions for future research
Authors: Müller Susan , Kirst Alyssa Lara , Bergmann Heiko , Bird Barbara
Published: September 2022

It is the actions of entrepreneurs that give rise to new organizations. However, a comprehensive understanding of what entrepreneurs do and what actually leads to venture success is currently lacking. To summarize existing research, we conduct a structured literature review including 59 empirical articles linking entrepreneurs’ behavior to venture success. We define “actions” as discrete units of “doing” that can—potentially—be observed by others and “success” as firm-level success measured by firm status (e.g., firm survival) or performance (e.g., sales). More than half of the included articles are based on data from the Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics (PSED), but there are also important “stand-alone” studies. We analyze the “what,” the “how,” the “how much,” and the “when” of entrepreneurs’ actions that lead to venture success. In addition, we integrate the view of entrepreneurship as an evolutionary process. The analysis reveals that studies typically analyze “what” entrepreneurs but less often “when” and “how much” and rarely “why,” “how,” and “what else” they do. Based on our findings, we develop a six-point research agenda. Specifically, we argue that future research should strive to understand the motives behind entrepreneurs’ actions, consider how entrepreneurs conduct activities, and what kind of business ideas they are working on. Also, applying alternative measurements and capturing a more complete picture of what entrepreneurs do when starting a business but also aside from their venturing efforts might contribute to a better understanding of the relationship to venture success.
Water energy food nexus model: an integrated aqua-agriculture system to produce tilapia and sweet basil using desalinated water
Authors: Sewilam Hani , Kimera Fahad , Nasr Peter
Published: September 2022

Under the framework of Water-Energy-Food Nexus, this study investigates the integration of solar-powered desalination with aquaculture and agriculture production systems to grow crops. Brackish water desalination is performed using reverse osmosis (RO), the permeate is directed to an aquaculture unit, and the fish effluent is used as irrigation water for crops. The experiment followed a split-plot design with three main variants: a full irrigation schedule for the basil plants with fish effluents as fertilizers, irrigation as fertigation with chemical fertilizers, and a mixed treatment of effluents and chemical fertilizers at 50% application each. Each treatment was further sprayed with or without foliar nutrient application. RO results gave a permeate recovery of 22%, and a salt rejection of 98.7%. In the aquaculture unit, tilapia harvest weight was 0.458 kg with a survival rate of 97.7% and harvest yield of 25 kg/ m3 of water. Effluent treatment exhibited the highest branching and plant height irrespective of the cut number, reaching 17.7 branches and 62-cm height. The effluent treatment under foliar application recorded the highest fresh and dry weights of basil with 14.7 ton/ha and 4.7 ton/ha, respectively. Effluent irrigation plus foliar application recorded basil yield of 5 kg/m3 effluent water. The dominant essential oil elements were linalool (55.5–61.6%), tau.-cadinol (5.3–8.3%), eucalyptol (5.4–7.7%), eugenol (2–6.8%), and (Z,E)-.alpha.-farnesene (3–5.2%). The study is among the very few integrated systems and, in particular, the current study is the first-time investigation of an integrated desalination, aquaculture, and agriculture production using renewable energy. Therefore, results suggest that integrating desalination, aquaculture, and agriculture could be a potential solution for the global water, energy, and food challenges.
Mathematical Foundations of Adaptive Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Buffa Annalisa , Gantner Gregor , Giannelli Carlotta , Praetorius Dirk , Vázquez Rafael
Published: September 2022

This paper reviews the state of the art and discusses recent developments in the field of adaptive isogeometric analysis, with special focus on the mathematical theory. This includes an overview of available spline technologies for the local resolution of possible singularities as well as the state-of-the-art formulation of convergence and quasi-optimality of adaptive algorithms for both the finite element method and the boundary element method in the frame of isogeometric analysis.
Cytotoxic Edema and Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Na , Guo Jiahuan , Kang Kaijiang , Zhang Jia , Zhang Zhe , Liu Lijun , Liu Xinmin , Du Yang , Wang Yu , Zhao Xingquan
Published: September 2022

Background

Cytotoxic edema (CE) is an important form of perihematomal edema (PHE), which is a surrogate marker of secondary injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, knowledge about CE after ICH is insufficient. Whether CE has adverse effects on clinical outcomes of patients with ICH remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the temporal pattern of CE and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with ICH.

Methods

Data were derived from a randomized controlled study (comparing the deproteinized calf blood extract with placebo in patients with ICH). Intervention in this original study did not show any impact on hematoma and PHE volume, presence of CE, or clinical outcomes. We conducted our analysis in 20 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images at day 3 and within 7–12 days after symptom onset. CE was defined as an elevated DWI b1000 signal and an ADC value reduced by > 10% compared with the mirror area of interest in the perihematomal region. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and Barthel Index (BI) were performed face to face at 30-day and 90-day follow-ups after ICH onset to assess the clinical outcomes of the patients.

Results

CE was detected in nearly two thirds of patients with ICH in our study and seemed to be reversible. CE within 7–12 days, rather than at day 3 after symptom onset, was associated with poor clinical outcome (mRS 3–6) at the 30-day follow-up (P = 0.020). In addition, compared with those without CE, patients with CE within 7–12 days had more severe neurological impairment measured by NIHSS score (P = 0.024) and worse daily life quality measured by BI (P = 0.004) at both the 30- and 90-day follow-ups.

Conclusions

CE appears in the acute phase of ICH and might be reversible. CE within 7–12 days post ICH was related to poor outcomes, which provides a novel therapeutic target for ICH intervention.
The Emotions of Hope: From Optimism to Sanguinity, from Pessimism to Despair
Authors: TenHouten Warren
Published: September 2022

The concept of hope has become a topic of growing interest across many areas of sociological research and theory, motivated in part by the widening perception of an uncertain future given the deterioration of the social fabric of contemporary societies. Hope has been theorized to be primarily a cognitive assessment of a goal-intention, a state of mind based upon the prospect that some desired objective, outcome, or situation will be realized, and where obstacles, obstructions, and unforeseen circumstances, even fate, can determine success or failure. The cognitivist theory of hope as necessarily involving agency and planning is critically evaluated, and it is argued that hope, while not itself an emotion, is an affect-laden phenomenon. Hope theorists have not systematically investigated the specific emotions that might be involved in hope. To address this lacuna, a sociological theory of the emotions of hope is presented. This conceptualization utilizes basic-emotion theory and the author’s hierarchical classification of primary, secondary, and tertiary emotions. As whatever is hoped for is seen with increasing optimism or pessimism, opposite clusters of emotions––the tertiary-level emotions of sanguinity and despair––emerge at the valenced poles of hope, hopefulness and hopelessness. Sanguinity includes in its meaning the primary emotions acceptance, joy–happiness, and anticipation, and the secondary emotions optimism, fatalism and love. But if pessimism ensues from plans unravelling and obstacles becoming unsurmountable, a sense of hopelessness comes to include an opposite set of emotions, consisting of the primary emotions disgust, sadness, and surprise, and the secondary emotions loneliness, disappointment, and shock. Sanguinity is a positive resource, but can become pathological if based on an unrealistic sense of over-confidence. The phenomenological nature of despair is explored in terms of the collapse of one’s social resources and social involvements, the demise of one’s social world, and a disintegration of self-representation. The ambiguous nature of hope is discussed, as what is hoped for is apt to be abstract and ill-defined, so that the reality of a hope, realized, can differ from what was imagined, and can involve self-deception concerning the sociomoral reality of what has actually happened.
The role of personality in disclosing a non-heterosexual orientation at work
Authors: Spendler Cara Sofie , Lorenz Timo , Fleischhauer Monika , Enge Sören
Published: September 2022

Based on a sample of 372 adult employees who reported being LGB+, this cross-sectional study investigated whether and how personality is related to the disclosure of a non-heterosexual orientation at the workplace, which has not been systematically examined so far. Disclosure at work, the five-factor personality traits, self-esteem, impulsiveness, and locus of control were assessed based on prior findings and conceptual aspects alongside with potential covariates. The results suggest that age, the presence of an intimate relationship, and work hours per week incrementally predicted disclosure behavior at work, which is in line with previous studies. These factors significantly increased the likelihood of disclosing a non-heterosexual orientation at work. Regarding personality, bivariate correlation analyses showed that neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and internal locus of control are related to disclosure behavior at work. This would replicate previous findings on general disclosing behavior. However, when controlling for the shared variance with all relevant personality factors and covariates, only conscientiousness showed incremental validity in explaining disclosure behavior at work. Given that integrity and honesty, as well as authenticity, are key characteristics of conscientious individuals, it may be likely that conscientious LGB + employees tend to disclose their non-heterosexual orientation at work in order to be honest and authentic.
A demand side management approach to increase self-consumption in buildings
Authors: Fernández Bandera Carlos , Bastos Porsani Gabriela , Fernández-Vigil Iglesias María
Published: September 2022

There is a growing interest in increasing the presence of renewable energy in the electric network. Photovoltaic production from grid-connected systems is leading this growth in terms of households. Alongside this development, concern about network security has emerged, because excesses of intermittent renewable energy on the grid could exceed voltage limits. Self-consumption, understood as the capacity of the producer to consume his or her own production, can partially solve these problems. Thermostatic controllable loads, such as heating and cooling, represent 50% of the total amount of energy consumed by buildings; the proper allocation of these loads could be a driving force for self-consumption. In this study, a demand side management strategy is proposed based on a building energy model equipped with an inverter heat pump coupled with a photovoltaic plant. The goal is to maximize the use of local energy from the photovoltaic plant (self-consumption), reducing the export and import of energy to and from the grid. This goal is achieved by optimizing the set-points in each room. An array of optimal set-points over six years is presented. The results show the capacity of the methodology to match similar values of self-consumption (70% in winter and 50% in summer) obtained by strategies based on chemical batteries. The findings are shown in an energy matching chart at different levels of detail (yearly and monthly). Color bubbles are added to the matching chart to help visualize the unmatched energy of the system graphically. In comparison with actual model predictive control technologies, this study’s strategy offers great simplicity and a large saving in computational time.
The Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Physical Activity Is Non-linear and Differs by Domain: a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mizrahi David , Swain Christopher T. V. , Bruinsma Fiona , Hodge Allison , Taylor Natalie , Lynch Brigid M.
Published: September 2022

Background

There is increasing evidence for the relationship between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour and mental health. Limited data exists on sex-specific associations. We aimed to identify associations between PA dose and domain and television time with psychological distress, including sex-stratified models.

Methods

A total of 22,176 adults from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study follow-up 2 cohort (2003–2007) participated in this cross-sectional study. Occupational, household, transport, leisure PA, hours watching television and psychological distress were assessed. Restricted cubic splines were used to examine the relationships between PA domains, television viewing time and psychological distress.

Results

The relationships between PA and psychological distress were non-linear (p < 0.05) and differed by PA domain. There were dose-dependent, inverse associations between distress with transport (B[95% CI] = −0.39[−0.49, −0.30]) and leisure PA (B[95% CI] = −0.35[−0.46, −0.25]). The effect estimates for transport and leisure PA with distress were larger for women. For household domain, a U-shaped curve with an elongated tail was seen. Median PA was associated with lower distress compared with lower quantities (B[95% CI] = −0.12[−0.22, −0.03]); however, this association was not evident with increasing household PA. There were no clear associations between occupational PA and distress. Higher television viewing was associated with higher distress (B[95% CI] = 0.16[0.02, 0.30]).

Conclusions

Increasing PA and reducing television viewing may contribute to reduced psychological distress, particularly in women. Future interventions should incorporate leisure and transport PA and decrease television viewing to assess the impact on mental health.
Sozialarbeiterische Wirkmechanismen in der medizinischen Rehabilitation: theoretische und konzeptuelle Einordnung des Reha-Forschungsprojekts SWIMMER
Authors: Knoop Tobias , Scheiblich Nadja , Dettmers Stephan , Meyer Thorsten
Published: September 2022

Soziale Arbeit gilt als ein fester Bestandteil der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Allerdings bestehen bisher unerklärbare Variationen hinsichtlich der Ausgestaltung und Inanspruchnahme ihrer Leistungen sowie Hinweise auf negative Effekte sozialarbeiterischer Leistungen in der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Zudem wurden die theoretischen Grundlagen der Tätigkeiten von Sozialarbeiter*innen in der Rehabilitation bisher nicht ausreichend expliziert. Das in diesem Beitrag vorgestellte Forschungsprojekt „Sozialarbeiterische Wirkmechanismen in der medizinischen Rehabilitation“ (SWIMMER) setzt hier an. Nach einer Erläuterung des Settings der medizinischen Rehabilitation, der Rolle der Sozialen Arbeit in diesem und des methodischen Vorgehens wird das Projekt, dessen Ziele die Erklärung der Variationen und die Entwicklung einer Programmtheorie Sozialer Arbeit in der medizinischen Rehabilitation sind, konzeptionell und theoretisch eingeordnet. Bezugspunkte dieser Auseinandersetzung sind das Tripelmandat, die Theorie Sozialer Arbeit als Wissenschaft und Praxis der Erklärung, Lösung und Vorbeugung sozialer Probleme, die Rehabilitationswissenschaften mit einem Fokus auf der Rehabilitation als Gesundheitsstrategie, die Perspektive der Versorgungsforschung und „evidence-based practice“. Darauf aufbauend werden die Vorannahmen des Projekts dargelegt.
Effect of host plant species and temperature on the development and survival of the plant bug Closterotomus trivialis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Miridae)
Authors: Kalaitzaki Argyro , Amara Adel , Dervisoglou Sofia , Perdikis Dionyssios , Τzοbanoglou Despina , Koufakis Ioannis , Tsagkarakis Αntonios
Published: September 2022

Nymphal development, mortality and adult longevity of the plant bug Closterotomus trivialis were studied on two of its major crops (Olea europaea L. cv. 'Koroneiki' and Citrus sinensis L. cv. 'Washington Navel') and four non-crop host plants (Mercurialis annua L., Urtica urens L., Parietaria diffusa M. et K. and Sinapis alba L.) under laboratory conditions (15, 20, 24 and 27 °C ± 0.5%; 60 ± 5% RH; 16L:8D h photoperiod). Results demonstrated that C. trivialis can successfully complete its development on all tested host plants and temperatures, except for U. urens at 15 and 20 οC. Mortality rates were generally higher on U. urens, P. diffusa and olive than on S. alba, M. annua and sweet orange. Both temperature and host plant significantly affected the nymphal development of C. trivialis. Specifically, host plant affected the development of nymphs at lower and higher temperatures (15, 20, 27 °C) but not at the optimum (24 °C) for its development temperature. Adults of C. trivialis lived longer on sweet orange, M. annua and S. alba in most tested temperatures compared to U. urens, P. diffusa and olives. Overall, these results suggest a better suitability of M. annua, S. alba and sweet orange compared to U. urens, P. diffusa and olive which were proven to be less suitable host plants, covering partially the nutritional needs of C. trivialis. The estimated lower temperature developmental threshold based on the linear model for C. trivialis was found to be lowest on M. annua (3.30 °C) and highest on P. diffusa (10.7 °C). Τhe assessment of the nymphal development in various host plants and temperatures is particularly important for understanding the biology of C. trivialis and provides useful information to optimize its management strategy under integrated pest management system.
A new type of fixed point theorem via interpolation of operators with application in homotopy theory
Authors: Abbas Mujahid , Anjum Rizwan , Riasat Shakeela
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the class of multi-valued operators by the technique of interpolation of operators. Our results extend and generalize several results from the existing literature. Moreover, we also study the data dependence problem of the fixed point set and Ulam–Hyers stability of the fixed point problem for the operators introduced herein. Moreover, as an application, we obtain a homotopy result.
Processing of the yttria stabilized zirconia-bioactive glass nano composite produced by electrophoretic deposition method
Authors: Shirpay Mohammad Reza , Askari Nayereh , Rajabi Masoud
Published: September 2022

The yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is added to a bioactive glass coating through the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method to significantly improve the mechanical properties, in particular the bonding strength of the coating on the Ti substrate. In this study, suspensions of bioactive glass and YSZ powder (at the same ratio, 20 g/l) are prepared in ethanol solvent; and tri-ethanol-amine is used as the stabilizer. The effects of the EPD parameters such as deposition time and voltage are studied. The optimum coating quality is achieved at a voltage of 60 V for 10 min. After coating, sintering is performed at three different temperatures (800, 850, and 900 °C). The XRD is used to identify the structure and phase of yttria-stabilized zirconia powders and the coated samples. FE-SEM is also employed to assess the microstructure of the specimens. The highest adhesion strength ($$\sim$$
∼
4.38 MPa) is obtained at the sintering temperature of 850 °C.
New cycloid rotor profiles design under different rolling circle radii for Roots vacuum pumps
Authors: Li Zhengqing , Wang Xiaojun
Published: September 2022

This study presents two new cycloid rotor profiles for Roots vacuum pump formed by different rolling circle radii to improve the volume utilization rate and compression ratio. A new rotor profile composed of a pin-tooth arc and a cycloid is design and analyzed where its rolling circle radius is larger than 1/4 of the pitch radius. As the rolling circle radius increases, the volume utilization rate continues to increase and can be greater than 60%, which is an increase of 20% relative to the standard cycloid profile. In addition, another new rotor profile composed of a large arc and a cycloid is designed and analyzed where its rolling circle radius is smaller than 1/4 of the pitch radius. As the rolling circle radius decreases, the length of the minimum gap between rotor profile and chamber increases, which is beneficial for improving the compression ratio and reducing backflow.
Early Mid-pregnancy Blood-Based Proteins as Possible Biomarkers of Increased Infant Birth Size in Sex-Stratified Analyses
Authors: Lindberger Emelie , Ahlsson Fredrik , Junus Katja , Kunovac Kallak Theodora , Lager Susanne , Nordlöf Callbo Paliz , Wikström Anna-Karin , Sundström Poromaa Inger
Published: September 2022

The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations of 92 maternal blood-based proteins with increased infant birth size. The study was performed at the Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden, and included 857 mother and child dyads. The mean age of the women was 30.3 years, and 53.2% were nulliparous. Blood samples were collected at mean 18 + 2 weeks’ gestation, and the Olink cardiovascular II panel was used to measure 92 proteins, either known to be or suspected to be markers of cardiovascular and inflammatory disease in humans. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for maternal age, parity, pre-conception BMI, height, and smoking were performed to evaluate the association of each individual protein with infant birth size. We also performed sex-stratified analyses. Eight proteins (Matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), Prostasin (PRSS8), Adrenomedullin (ADM), Pappalysin-1 (PAPP-A), Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Sortilin (SORT1), Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), and Thrombomodulin (TM)) were associated with infant birth size after false discovery rate adjustment. In the analyses including only female infants, ten proteins (MMP-12, Growth/differentiation factor 2 (GDF-2), PRSS8, SORT1, ADM, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1ra), Leptin (LEP), ACE2, TM, and Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A (TNFRSF11A)) were associated with infant birth size. Two proteins (PAPP-A and PRSS8) were associated with infant birth size among male infants. Our study suggests several proteins as potential biomarkers for increased birth weight, and our findings could act as a base for future research to identify new potential markers that could be added to improve screening for large infants.
What is the psychological appeal of the serial rapist model? Worldviews predicting endorsement
Authors: Gantman Ana P. , Paluck Elizabeth Levy
Published: September 2022

The serial rapist model claims that a small number of intentional, repeat offenders are responsible for the majority of sexual assaults on college campuses. The model has formed the dominant argument for some of the most popular forms of campus intervention programs and is cited by high profile advocates and policymakers. Despite enthusiasm for the serial rapist model, it is not empirically well-supported and is contradicted by recent robust data. In this article, we ask: why does the serial rapist model have such broad and enduring appeal? In two US-based samples, one convenience and one representative, we find that people's endorsement of the serial rapist model correlates with worldviews that cohere around ideas of a just and good status quo, and a preference for simple stories. Specifically, we find a positive relationship between endorsement of the serial rapist model and belief in a just world, system justification, social dominance orientation, need for closure and essentialism.
Effectiveness of ultraviolet-C light treatment of shoes in reducing the transfer of pathogens into patient rooms by shoes of healthcare personnel
Authors: Torres-Teran Maria M. , Bennett Christina T.P. , Osborne Andrew O. , Cadnum Jennifer L. , Wilson Brigid M. , Donskey Curtis J.
Published: September 2022

Contaminated shoes are a potential vector for dissemination of healthcare-associated pathogens. We demonstrated that healthcare personnel walking into patient rooms frequently transferred pathogens from their shoes to the floor. An 8-second treatment of shoes with a UV-C decontamination device significantly reduced the frequency of transfer of vegetative bacterial pathogens.
Investing in independence: popular shareholding on the West African stock exchange
Authors: Mizes James Christopher
Published: September 2022

According to contemporary investors on the Regional Stock Exchange of West Africa (Bourse Régionale des Valeurs Mobilières de l’Afrique de l’Ouest or BRVM), President Félix Houphouët-Boigny’s post-independence plan to privatize state-owned enterprises in Côte d’Ivoire gave birth to the region’s financial market. Yet the bourse’s original promise of ‘indigenous’ control of financial investment has long gone unrealized. In response, a West African investor advocacy organization is coordinating a regional awareness programme that introduces ‘the culture of the stock exchange’ to an audience of West Africans largely unfamiliar with financial securities. Members of this shareholders’ association share a critique of elite monetary institutions and advance in their place a more popular vision of savings, investment and exchange. Drawing on ethnographic research in Abidjan and Dakar, I analyse how thesepetits porteurs(small shareholders) frame the morality and politics of their investments. Thepetits porteursoften make good money on the market, but even when they take on ‘crisis-level’ losses they nevertheless extoll the virtues of transparency, formality and control that the stock exchange is thought to provide. In contrast to similar cases elsewhere in the world, I argue that this form of popular politics on the BRVM is far more than an instrument for the accumulation strategies of financial elites: it is a new and distinct style of political engagement in whichpetits porteursare, in the name of the West African ‘people’, coupling together anti-elite and anti-colonial critiques with a set of familiar market devices. I characterize this political engagement as popular shareholding.
Understanding the development of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder in young people: a meta-review of systematic reviews
Authors: Durdurak Buse Beril , Altaweel Nada , Upthegrove Rachel , Marwaha Steven
Published: September 2022

Background

There is ongoing debate on the nosological position of bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Identifying the unique and shared risks, developmental pathways, and symptoms in emerging BD and BPD could help the field refine aetiological hypotheses and improve the prediction of the onset of these disorders. This study aimed to: (a) systematically synthesise the available evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) concerning environmental, psychosocial, biological, and clinical factors leading to the emergence of BD and BPD; (b) identify the main differences and common features between the two disorders to characterise their complex interplay and, (c) highlight remaining evidence gaps.

Methods

Data sources were; PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, Medline, ISI Web of Science. Overlap of included SRs/MAs was assessed using the corrected covered area process. The methodological quality of each included SR and MA was assessed using the AMSTAR.

Results

22 SRs and MAs involving 249 prospective studies met eligibility criteria. Results demonstrated that family history of psychopathology, affective instability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, sleep disturbances, substance abuse, psychotic symptoms, suicidality, childhood adversity and temperament were common predisposing factors across both disorders. There are also distinct factors specific to emerging BD or BPD.

Conclusions

Prospective studies are required to increase our understanding of the development of BD and BPD onset and their complex interplay by concurrently examining multiple measures in BD and BPD at-risk populations.
Using machine learning with intensive longitudinal data to predict depression and suicidal ideation among medical interns over time
Authors: Horwitz Adam G. , Kentopp Shane D. , Cleary Jennifer , Ross Katherine , Wu Zhenke , Sen Srijan , Czyz Ewa K.
Published: September 2022

Background

Use of intensive longitudinal methods (e.g. ecological momentary assessment, passive sensing) and machine learning (ML) models to predict risk for depression and suicide has increased in recent years. However, these studies often vary considerably in length, ML methods used, and sources of data. The present study examined predictive accuracy for depression and suicidal ideation (SI) as a function of time, comparing different combinations of ML methods and data sources.

Methods

Participants were 2459 first-year training physicians (55.1% female; 52.5% White) who were provided with Fitbit wearable devices and assessed daily for mood. Linear [elastic net regression (ENR)] and non-linear (random forest) ML algorithms were used to predict depression and SI at the first-quarter follow-up assessment, using two sets of variables (daily mood features only, daily mood features + passive-sensing features). To assess accuracy over time, models were estimated iteratively for each of the first 92 days of internship, using data available up to that point in time.

Results

ENRs using only the daily mood features generally had the best accuracy for predicting mental health outcomes, and predictive accuracy within 1 standard error of the full 92 day models was attained by weeks 7–8. Depression at 92 days could be predicted accurately (area under the curve >0.70) after only 14 days of data collection.

Conclusions

Simpler ML methods may outperform more complex methods until passive-sensing features become better specified. For intensive longitudinal studies, there may be limited predictive value in collecting data for more than 2 months.
Diagnosing Frontal Dynamics From Observations Using a Variational Approach
Authors: Cutolo Eugenio , Pascual Ananda , Ruiz Simón , Shaun Johnston T. M. , Freilich Mara , Mahadevan Amala , Shcherbina Andrey , Poulain Pierre‐Marie , Ozgokmen Tamay , Centurioni Luca R. , Rudnick Daniel L. , D’Asaro Eric
Published: September 2022

Intensive hydrographic and horizontal velocity measurements collected in the Alboran Sea enabled us to diagnose the three‐dimensional dynamics of a frontal system. The sampled domain was characterized by a 40 km diameter anticyclonic eddy, with an intense front on its eastern side, separating the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters. Here, we implemented a multi‐variate variational analysis (VA) to reconstruct the hydrographic fields, combining the 1‐km horizontal resolution of the Underway Conductivity‐Temperature‐Depth (CTD) system with information on the flow shape from the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler velocities. One advantage of the VA is given by the physical constraint, which preserves fine‐scale gradients better than the classical optimal interpolation (OI). A comparison between real drifter trajectories and virtual particles advected in the mapping quantified the improvements in the VA over the OI, with a 15% larger skill score. Quasi‐geostrophic (QG) and semi‐geostrophic (SG) omega equations enabled us to estimate the vertical velocity (w) which reached 40 m/day on the dense side of the front. How nutrients and other passive tracers leave the mixed‐layer and subduct is estimated with 3D advection from the VA, which agreed with biological sampling from traditional CTD casts at two eddy locations. Downwelling warm filaments are further evidence of subduction, in line with the w from SG, but not with QG. SG better accounted for the along‐isopycnal component of w in agreement with another analysis made on isopycnal coordinates. The multi‐platform approach of this work and the use of variational methods improved the characterization and understanding of (sub)‐mesoscale frontal dynamics.
Effects of Non‐Photosynthetic Vegetation on Dust Emissions
Authors: Huang Xinyue , Foroutan Hosein
Published: September 2022

Mineral dust is among the top contributors to global aerosol loads. Ability of non‐photosynthetic vegetation (NPV) to suppress dust emission has been widely acknowledged but a realistic representation of NPV has not been tested with regional‐to‐global scale models. In this study, we implemented a satellite‐based total vegetation data set, which included NPV, into a regional atmospheric chemistry model and conducted simulations for the year 2016 over the conterminous United States. To test the response of dust simulations to the NPV coverage, we conducted a control simulation incorporating only the photosynthetic vegetation (PV). Simulated dust emissions decrease by 10%–70% over most of the southwestern US from spring to autumn due to NPV. Reductions in dust concentrations are the largest in spring, which attenuate the overpredictions of fine soil concentrations, but accentuate the underpredictions in summer. Overall, the mean errors and correlations of annual simulations are slightly improved with NPV. NPV modulates dust emissions mainly by sheltering the surface and increasing the threshold velocity through drag partitioning. Moreover, we investigated the effect of vegetation height and addressed its uncertainties through a series of sensitivity tests. We observed that a 50% variation in predefined vegetation heights results in small changes in soil concentrations over majority of southwestern US, but causes up to 30% changes at local hotspots. This study highlights the significance of including NPV into the dust model and points out the importance of validation of total vegetation datasets as well as more realistic representation of vegetation heights and seasonality.