bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐115: Research on Waviness Improvement for Foldable Display and Relevant Ultra‐Thin Metal Plate Modeling Process
Authors: Wang Haoran , Cai Baoming , Du Shuang , Shi Shiming , Shi Yongxiang , Zhang Xiongnan , Liu Yunjin
Published: September 2020

Since the creep was an inherent characteristic of polymer materials, the all‐polymer Organic Light‐Emitting Diode (OLED) display module exhibited a permanent deformation that could not be recovered by itself. We hoped to use ultra‐thin metal plate as a support to reduce the irreversible module waviness. However, there would be a risk of crack failure causing by the stress concentration at the metal edges of the folding area. After researching among three conventional metal cutting methods (punch, etch and laser‐cut), we compared the morphologies of the cutting edges and found that the punch process was optimal for ultra‐thin metal plate cutting.
P‐120: High‐Mobility IGZO Thin‐Film Transistors Fabricated on a Flexible PET Monofilament Fiber for Wearing Display
Authors: Kim Chan Young , Park Jun Hong , Park Sang-Hee Ko , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: September 2020

In this study, InGaZnO (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated on a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) monofilament fiber. Although the TFTs were fabricated on a cylindrical substrate, we were able to implement flexible fiber TFTs with a high mobility of 7.8 cm2/Vs by optimizing the process temperature and patterning method.
P‐216: Late‐News‐Poster: Ultra‐thin Graphene Oxide Encapsulation Film for Flexible OLED Displays via Self Assembly Coating Process
Authors: Lee Woo-Jin , Kim Yong-Seog
Published: September 2020

Ultra‐thin Graphene Oxide encapsulation film was formed using Graphene oxide prepared via a modified oxidation process. The WVTR of Graphene Oxide stack formed via the self‐assembly process was 8.7x10‐5 g/m2·day and lag time was 350 hours, which are dramatic improvements over the previous studies
P‐127: Multi‐touch Tactile Display with Segmented Electrode Structure and Driving Method for Presenting Tactile Free‐shape Localized Textures
Authors: Takeuchi Shin , Haga Hiroshi , Asai Takuya , Sasaki Harue , Shigemura Koji
Published: September 2020

We propose an electrostatic multi‐touch tactile display with a segmented electrode structure and electrode‐driving method for presentation of free‐shaped localized textures. This display solves the tactile crosstalk issue of our previously proposed tactile display. We evaluated the proposed display in a user test.
P‐140: Evaluate and Improve Color Washout and Color Shift of VA LCD
Authors: Chen Chun-Chi , Wang Yan-Xue , Lin Yue-Cu , Zheng Wei-Wei , Yu Gang , Chiu Chung-Yi , Zhao Bin , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2020

There are color washout and color shift in VA LCD when we see the LCD with a view angle, so we make the different voltage between main and sub pixel to create 8 domain to improve the color washout issue, but there is color shift need to be improved if we just only reduce the delta voltage between main and sub pixel. Because human eye is very sensitive about skin color, it is important to improve color shift of skin color. This paper we established a simulation system to evaluate the color washout and color shift of skin color, then we can optimize design for improving the issue. We created a new circuit, and we can use it to fine tune different delta voltage(between sub and main pixel) between R/G/B pixel for improve color shift of skin color. Final we succeeded to establish a system to evaluate color shift of skin color in VA LCD, and improved by fine tuning delta voltage by new circuit.
P‐149: Enhanced Electro‐Optic Performances of the Optically Isotropic Liquid Crystal Displays Utilizing PEDOT: PSS
Authors: Pagidi Srinivas , Manda Ramesh , Lee Junhyeok , Lee Hong Gwon , Lim Young Jin , Lee Seung Hee
Published: September 2020

Optically isotropic liquid crystal (OILC) composite film in which nano‐sized LC droplets are embedded in a polymer matrix is highly useful for bendable displays and wearable photonics but a high operating voltage due to field shielding effect of the insulting matrix and low Kerr constant needs to be overcome. To address this challenge, a small amount of conductive materials PEDOT: PSS is doped into the OILCs. The LC cells with 2 and 3.5 wt% PEDOT: PSS doped OILCs exhibit improved driving voltages by 6.5% and 11.7% and on‐state transmittance by 10.3% and 30.1%, respectively, compared to conventional one. In addition, faster switching response times are achieved while the dark level remains to be unaltered.
P‐151: Content‐Adaptive RGBW Algorithm
Authors: Sun Yan , Xi Yanhui , Shi Tiankuo , Zhang Xiaomang , Song Yifan , Wang Xinle , Han Wenchao , Sun Wei , Chen Ming
Published: September 2020

The main advantage of the RGBW display is that its optical efficiency is at least 50% higher than the RGB display. However, the lack of an excellent RGB‐to‐RGBW algorithm was the biggest problem of its application. This paper discussed a phenomenon called “Simultaneous Contrast” which existed in RGBW displays and an Content‐Adaptive RGBW Algorithm was presented. The results indicated that the proposed method had superior performance upon conventional RGB in most scenarios.
P‐224: Late‐News‐Poster: High‐Transmittance ADS TV Technology with Negative Liquid Crystal Based on Rubbing Process
Authors: Wang Dan , Li Yajun , Shen Yangcan , Zhan Hongming , Huang Yinhu , Wang Baoqiang , Wang Zhangtao , Xue Hailin , Shao Xibin
Published: September 2020

This paper described the key technology of ADS TV with negative liquid crystal based on rubbing process. ADS technology has been widely used in all size LCD because of its outstanding features like high transmittance, wide view, and weak color shift With negative liquid crystal, it can effectively improve the transmittance, color shift caused by the pre‐tilt angle of LC and contrast ratio. Negative liquid crystal with optical alignment process has been well developed, but it cannot be applied to high generation such as G10.5 TFT‐LCD lines because of the risk of the uniformity of specific wavelengths of light, and the limitation of OA equipment. The rubbing PI materials and negative liquid crystal materials has been tested. Evaluations give a better match between them. The ADS TFT‐LCD's reliability properties such as image sticking are improved dramatically. At the same time, the transmittance improved by 8% and contrast ratio is up to 2100 based on UHD TV and 1700 based on 8K TV. The maximum △UV of the color shift drops from 0.05 to 0.03 at the range of 180°, which greatly improve the performance of large size products. In view of the above improvements, the performance BOE's of ADS Pro products has been greatly improved.
P‐174: Pre‐test Procedure of Organic Material Degradation by Using Accumulative Monte‐Carlo Simulation with 3D Mesh
Authors: Kim Sungmoon , Lee Taekgi
Published: September 2020

We have developed Accumulative Monte‐Carlo simulation method with 3D Mesh (AM2) for analyzing flux distribution and inner pressure of evaporation source which used for organic deposition process in AMOLED mass production. In this method, we use 3D mesh room for investigating particle density of each position in the crucible. By using AM2 simulation, we can get inner pressure of crucible, evaporation temperature of material, and flux distribution of evaporation source. We think it can be used for pre‐test procedure of organic material degradation problem.
P‐178: Rigid Indolocarbazole as New Donor Moiety for Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent (TADF) Device
Authors: Naveen Kenkera Rayappa , Maeng Jee Hyun , Ahn Dae Hyun , Lee Hyuna , Jung Young Hun , Karthik Durai , Lee Ju Young , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: September 2020

We present a study of two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based upon a new rigid donor moiety, namely, triphenyl‐substituted Indolocarbazole (TPDICz). The reported TADF emitters 5‐(2,12‐di‐tert‐butyl‐5,9‐dioxa‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracen‐7‐yl)‐6,11,12‐ triphenyl‐5,11‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (TDBA‐TPDICz) and 5‐(4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐6,11,12‐triphenyl‐5,11‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (TRZ‐TPDICz) were synthesized and studied the device properties. These materials exhibited large steric hindrance and dihedral angle between donor and acceptor compared to the parent analog material (TRZ‐pIC) due to the presence of 6,12‐phenyl substitutions. The TADF device fabricated with TDBA‐TPDICz showed a deep blue color with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.9%. Meanwhile, the TRZ‐TPDICz emitter achieved a maximum EQE of 30.3% at green color.
P‐230: Late‐News‐Poster: Evaluations of Lithium‐Fluoride Behavior in OLEDs by Means of Cyclic‐Displacement Current‐Measurement Method
Authors: Inoue Masaru , Kaneko Yoshiyuki , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Adachi Chihaya
Published: September 2020

We propose a cyclic displacement current measurement method to investigate the behavior of lithium fluoride (LiF) in OLEDs by applying a cyclic voltage and measuring a repeatable current. We found that a LiF layer reduces electron injection barrier, increases a hole injection barrier, and improves the discharge process. This method allows us to clarify the charge injection process of OLEDs in detail.
A secure software defined networking for distributed environment
Authors: Kunal Sourav , Gandhi Parth , Sutariya Ronak , Tarpara Hardik
Published: September 2020

Software defined networking (SDN) can be understood as a software control system, built over a centralized system that controls a network's forwarding rule. SDN can be used in an enterprise, in a data center, or even in a household. It was the solution to one of the biggest problems when at times we had to do the manual configuration of all the devices. SDN has not only made networks easier to manage but it has also made it secure. SDN is based on logical centralization that again brings a wide range of challenging scenarios related to security threats. So, there is a need to bring a new way to address this problem. In this paper, we embrace a thorough overview of the latest works that applies security to SDN, proposed an advanced secure software defined network architecture and then, evaluated its performance with the existing models using mininet tool.
Bemessungsmodell für die Drucktragfähigkeit geschraubter Winkelprofile mit Erfassung baupraktischer Anschlusssteifigkeiten
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Kettler Markus , Zauchner Paul
Published: September 2020

Durch Forschungsergebnisse der Technischen Universität Graz konnte gezeigt werden, dass im Falle geschraubter Winkelprofile die Steifigkeit der beidseitigen Anschlusskonstruktion großen Einfluss auf die Drucktragfähigkeit aufweist. Für baupraktische Anschlussformen wurden Formeln zur Ermittlung äquivalenter Drehfedersteifigkeiten abgeleitet und daraus ein Bemessungsmodell zur Ermittlung der Drucktragfähigkeit entwickelt, das die volle Bandbreite vom gelenkigen bis zum voll eingespannten Anschluss abdeckt. Dieses Bemessungsmodell erfordert die elastische Schnittkraftberechnung nach Theorie II. Ordnung an einem Einzelstab, mit Exzentrizität und Drehfederstützung am Ende, unter Ansatz einer geometrischen Ersatzimperfektion e0. Dabei wird der elastische Querschnittswiderstand des Winkelprofils zugrunde gelegt. Das im Beitrag dargestellte Bemessungsmodell wurde durch umfangreiche numerische Berechnungen – auch kalibriert an Einzelversuchen – validiert und angepasst, worauf ebenfalls näher eingegangen wird. Damit ist auch sichergestellt, dass komplexe Versagensformen mit überlagertem Biegedrillknickversagen mit abgedeckt werden.
Physicochemical Properties of Potato Starch Nanoparticles Produced by Anti‐Solvent Precipitation
Authors: Chacon Wilson Daniel Caicedo , dos Santos Lima Kennya Thayres , Valencia Germán Ayala , Henao Ana Cecilia Agudelo
Published: September 2020

This work aims to understand the physicochemical properties of potato starch nanoparticles (SNPs) obtained by anti‐solvent precipitation. Moisture content, water activity, color, morphology, thermal behavior (differential scanning calorimetry), swelling factor, solubility in water, water sorption isotherms, rheological properties, and stability in water are analyzed and compared using native potato starch (PS) as control. The resulting SNPs after anti‐solvent precipitation have a particle size between 50 and 150 nm, smaller than those observed in PS (between 10 and 100 µm). SNPs behave as an amorphous material without gelatinization stage where the swelling factor is drastically reduced, while the solubility increased dramatically at low temperatures when compared with PS. The Guggenheim–Anderson–de Boer model from the isotherms data allows a calculation of the surface area, obtaining values of 105 and 211 m2 g−1 for PS and SNPs, respectively. The high surface area in SNPs is associated with an increase in the proportion of hydroxyl groups active for water adsorption throughout its structure. Both samples show Newtonian fluid behavior; however, SNPs solutions prove to be much more stable at room temperature than PS solution.
A Multiple Narrow Band Antenna for Detection of Discharge‐Emitted Electromagnetic Waves for Insulation Diagnostic
Authors: Bandi Tuvshinbayar , Ohtsuka Shinya
Published: September 2020

Partial Discharge (PD) detection is an effective tool to diagnose the insulation condition of high voltage (HV) equipment. Among detection methods of PD, the ultra‐high frequency (UHF) method is distinguished by high sensitivity and safety operation. However, the UHF band includes many communication and broadcasting line spectral frequencies, which can be interference against the UHF method. From the point of view of the reduction of interferences, the authors proposed the multiple narrow band (MNB) antenna, which can detect PD signals with high sensitivity and eliminate the line spectral noise frequencies. In this paper, a new MNB antenna was evaluated based on fundamental properties and fabricated, then applied to detect discharge signals emitted from breakdown phenomena. The results demonstrated that the fabricated MNB antenna had a good omnidirectional radiation pattern and similar sensitivity with a standard wide‐band Horn antenna. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Adsorption of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution using rice husk–based activated carbon: Optimization, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Oribayo Oluwasola , Olalekan Abiodun P. , Owolabi Rasheed U. , Olaleye Oluwafunke O. , Onyekaba Onyinyechukwu A.
Published: September 2020

The effectiveness of rice husk–activated carbon (RHAC) in the adsorption of Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorbent was prepared, characterized, and subjected to optimization, kinetics, and thermodynamics studies. Optimization was done using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken design. Accordingly, optimum adsorption factors obtained were shaking speed of 176.90 rpm, adsorbent dosage of 1.96 g, and initial concentration of 50.12 mg/L for 93.49% removal of Cr(VI) at a desirability of 1.00. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 98.14 mg/g. An equilibrium adsorption isotherm model and a kinetic model of Cr(VI) on RHAC were fitted to experimental data. The data were well represented by the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model, with R2 of 0.9956, which presumes an energetically heterogeneous surface. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetic data were well described by the pseudo‐second order model with R2 range of 0.9969–0.9997, indicating a high agreement between experimental and calculated values. Finally, thermodynamic parameters such as mean Gibbs free energy (∆G) showed that adsorption of Cr(VI) ions onto RHAC was spontaneous and endothermic under examined conditions. In this view, RHAC is a viable adsorbent for the optimum removal of Cr(VI) ions from wastewater.
MoP@C Supported on Absorbent Cotton as a Highly Efficient Catalyst towards Hydrodechlorination Reaction
Authors: Zhang Lu , Yuan Guojun , Bai Jianliang , Ren Lili
Published: September 2020

This paper reports a method for preparing MoP@C synthesized from absorbent cotton. While the influence of the amount of absorbent cotton on its composition and morphology are also explored. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that MoP@C and unmodified MoP exhibit completely different microscopic morphologies. With the gradual increase in the quality of absorbent cotton, the morphology of catalysts changed from large‐area stacking to hollow rod structure. This hollow structure effectively increases the specific surface area of the catalyst, thus providing more active sites for hydrodechlorination reaction of trichloroethylene, which exhibits relatively excellent catalytic performance in it. The catalytic activity test shows that highest activity value can reach up to 47.18 %, which was twice that of the unmodified MoP.
3d-3d correspondence for mapping tori
Authors: Chun Sungbong , Gukov Sergei , Park Sunghyuk , Sopenko Nikita
Published: September 2020

Abstract

One of the main challenges in 3d-3d correspondence is that no existent approach offers a complete description of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT T [M3] — or, rather, a “collection of SCFTs” as we refer to it in the paper — for all types of 3-manifolds that include, for example, a 3-torus, Brieskorn spheres, and hyperbolic surgeries on knots. The goal of this paper is to overcome this challenge by a more systematic study of 3d-3d correspondence that, first of all, does not rely heavily on any geometric structure on M3 and, secondly, is not limited to a particular supersymmetric partition function of T [M3]. In particular, we propose to describe such “collection of SCFTs” in terms of 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 gauge theories with “non-linear matter” fields valued in complex group manifolds. As a result, we are able to recover familiar 3-manifold invariants, such as Turaev torsion and WRT invariants, from twisted indices and half-indices of T [M3], and propose new tools to compute more recent q-series invariants $$ \hat{Z} $$

Z
̂

(M3) in the case of manifolds with b1> 0. Although we use genus-1 mapping tori as our “case study,” many results and techniques readily apply to more general 3-manifolds, as we illustrate throughout the paper.
Counting Finite-Dimensional Algebras Over Finite Field
Authors: Verhulst Nikolaas D.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we describe an elementary method for counting the number of non-isomorphic algebras of a fixed, finite dimension over a given finite field. We show how this method works in the case of 2-dimensional algebras over the field $${\mathbb {F}}_{2}$$

F
2

.
Racial Disparities in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Fieber Jennifer , Goodsell Kristin , Kelz Rachel R. , Ermer Jae P. , Wirtalla Chris , Fraker Douglas L. , Wachtel Heather
Published: September 2020

Background

Racial disparities in surgery are increasingly recognized. We evaluated the impact of race on presentation, preoperative evaluation, and surgical outcomes for patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing parathyroidectomy for PHPT at a single center (1997–2015). Patients were classified by self‐identified race, as African‐American or White. The primary outcome was disease severity at referral. The secondary outcome was completeness of preoperative evaluation. Operative success and surgical cure were evaluated.

Results

A total of 2392 patients were included. The majority of patients (87.6%) were White. African‐American patients had higher rates of comorbid disease as well as higher preoperative calcium (10.9 vs.10.8 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and PTH levels (122 vs. 97 pg/ml, p < 0.001). White patients were more likely to have history of bone loss documented by DXA and nephrolithiasis. African‐American patients had lower rates of complete preoperative evaluation including DXA scan. Operatively, African‐American patients had larger glands by size (1.7 vs. 1.5 cm, p < 0.001) and mass (573 vs. 364 mg, p < 0.001). We observed similar operative success (98.9 vs. 98.0%, p = 0.355) and cure rates (98.3 vs. 97.0%, p = 0.756).

Conclusions

At the time of surgical referral, African‐American patients with PHPT have more biochemically severe disease and higher rates of incomplete evaluation. Operative success and cure rates are comparable.
The toolbox of porous anodic aluminum oxide–based nanocomposites: from preparation to application
Authors: Huang Xia , Mutlu Hatice , Théato Patrick
Published: September 2020

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates have been intensively investigated during the past decades and have meanwhile been widely applied through both sacrificial and non-sacrificial pathways. In numerous non-sacrificial applications, the AAO membrane is maintained as part of the obtained composite materials; hence, the template structure and topography determine to a great extent the potential applications. Through-hole isotropic AAO features nanochannels that promote transfer of matter, while anisotropic AAO with barrier layer exhibits nanocavities suitable as independent and homogenous containers. By combining the two kinds of AAO membranes with diverse organic and inorganic materials through physical interactions or chemical bonds, AAO composites are designed and applied in versatile fields such as catalysis, drug release platform, separation membrane, optical appliances, sensors, cell culture, energy, and electronic devices. Therefore, within this review, a perspective on exhilarating prospect for complementary advancement on AAO composites both in preparation and application is provided.
The impact of geometrical confinement in a slab on the behavior of tracer particles near active glucose oxidase micropump
Authors: Munteanu Raluca-Elena , Popescu Mihail N. , Gáspár Szilveszter
Published: September 2020

Patches of surface-immobilized and catalytically active enzyme, immersed into a solution with the corresponding substrate, induce flow in the solution. Such systems are currently investigated as a promising direction in the development of self-powered micropumps that could operate autonomously within microfluidic devices. Here, we investigate the influence of confinement, within a slab of height H, on the response exhibited by silica tracer particles sedimented near a chemically active glucose oxidase patch which is immersed into a glucose solution of very low ionic strength. Irrespective of the value H, within the range explored in this study, a region depleted of tracers forms around the patch. When H is not much larger than the radius of the patch, the rate of growth of the depletion zone depends on H; somewhat surprisingly, this dependence is influenced by the glucose concentration. The results are discussed within the context of a simple model for a chemically active patch.
Biomarkers of neuronal damage in saturation diving—a controlled observational study
Authors: Rosén Anders , Gennser Mikael , Oscarsson Nicklas , Kvarnström Andreas , Sandström Göran , Blennow Kaj , Seeman-Lodding Helen , Zetterberg Henrik
Published: September 2020

Purpose

A prospective and controlled observational study was performed to determine if the central nervous system injury markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp), neurofilament light (NfL) and tau concentrations changed in response to a saturation dive.

Methods

The intervention group consisted of 14 submariners compressed to 401 kPa in a dry hyperbaric chamber. They remained pressurized for 36 h and were then decompressed over 70 h. A control group of 12 individuals was used. Blood samples were obtained from both groups before, during and after hyperbaric exposure, and from the intervention group after a further 25–26 h.

Results

There were no statistically significant changes in the concentrations of GFAp, NfL and tau in the intervention group. During hyperbaric exposure, GFAp decreased in the control group (mean/median − 15.1/ − 8.9 pg·mL−1, p < 0.01) and there was a significant difference in absolute change of GFAp and NfL between the groups (17.7 pg·mL−1, p = 0.02 and 2.34 pg·mL−1, p = 0.02, respectively). Albumin decreased in the control group (mean/median − 2.74 g/L/ − 0.95 g/L, p = 0.02), but there was no statistically significant difference in albumin levels between the groups. In the intervention group, haematocrit and mean haemoglobin values were slightly increased after hyperbaric exposure (mean/median 2.3%/1.5%, p = 0.02 and 4.9 g/L, p = 0.06, respectively).

Conclusion

Hyperbaric exposure to 401 kPa for 36 h was not associated with significant increases in GFAp, NfL or tau concentrations. Albumin levels, changes in hydration or diurnal variation were unlikely to have confounded the results. Saturation exposure to 401 kPa seems to be a procedure not harmful to the central nervous system.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03192930.
Acute infection as cause of hospitalization of asylum-seeking children and adolescents in Stockholm, Sweden 2015–2016
Authors: Hertting Olof , Luthander Joachim , Giske Christian G. , Bennet Rutger , Eriksson Margareta
Published: September 2020

We aimed to identify hospitalizations due to infectious diseases among asylum seekers and compare them to those of the resident population 1.6.2015–31.10.2016. Administrative numbers assigned to hospitalized non-resident children made them identifiable in the discharge register. The examined populations, expressed as person-years, were 334,573 residents and 7565 asylum seekers. There were 2500 episodes of infectious disease in 2240 resident children and 139 episodes in 121 asylum seekers. Among prevalent infections contracted before or during migration, there were 33 cases of tuberculosis, four of malaria, and one of louse-borne relapsing fever, all of which occurred in 13–17-year-old unaccompanied minors. Among younger asylum seekers, there were no significant differences in the spectrum of infectious discharge diagnoses compared to residents, but across all incident infections, 0–6-year-old asylum seekers had 3.2-fold and 7–12-year-old a 4.7-fold greater risk of being admitted. Screening for multidrug-resistant bacteria showed that 45/160 (28%) of the asylum seekers were colonized, but clinical infections caused by these species were rare.

Conclusion: There was a high rate of hospitalizations for acute infectious diseases in asylum-seeking children, but the spectrum and severity of infections were similar to that in resident children.

What is known:• Mental and physical health problems are common in immigrant children and adolescents.What is new:• Hospitalizations due to acute infections in asylum-seeking children and adolescents are common. In the context of this study, the severity and spectrum of infectious diseases seemed to be the same in the two groups; the increased hospitalization rate in asylum seekers may be due to social factors and perceived need for more support.
Edge universality for non-Hermitian random matrices
Authors: Cipolloni Giorgio , Erdős László , Schröder Dominik
Published: September 2020

We consider large non-Hermitian real or complex random matrices $$X$$
X
with independent, identically distributed centred entries. We prove that their local eigenvalue statistics near the spectral edge, the unit circle, coincide with those of the Ginibre ensemble, i.e. when the matrix elements of $$X$$
X
are Gaussian. This result is the non-Hermitian counterpart of the universality of the Tracy–Widom distribution at the spectral edges of the Wigner ensemble.
Optimal trade-off between sample size, precision of supervision, and selection probabilities for the unbalanced fixed effects panel data model
Authors: Gnecco Giorgio , Nutarelli Federico , Selvi Daniela
Published: September 2020

This paper is focused on the unbalanced fixed effects panel data model. This is a linear regression model able to represent unobserved heterogeneity in the data, by allowing each two distinct observational units to have possibly different numbers of associated observations. We specifically address the case in which the model includes the additional possibility of controlling the conditional variance of the output given the input and the selection probabilities of the different units per unit time. This is achieved by varying the cost associated with the supervision of each training example. Assuming an upper bound on the expected total supervision cost and fixing the expected number of observed units for each instant, we analyze and optimize the trade-off between sample size, precision of supervision (the reciprocal of the conditional variance of the output) and selection probabilities. This is obtained by formulating and solving a suitable optimization problem. The formulation of such a problem is based on a large-sample upper bound on the generalization error associated with the estimates of the parameters of the unbalanced fixed effects panel data model, conditioned on the training input dataset. We prove that, under appropriate assumptions, in some cases “many but bad” examples provide a smaller large-sample upper bound on the conditional generalization error than “few but good” ones, whereas in other cases the opposite occurs. We conclude discussing possible applications of the presented results, and extensions of the proposed optimization framework to other panel data models.
Comparison of the effects of air-powder abrasion, chemical decontamination, or their combination in open-flap surface decontamination of implants failed for peri-implantitis: an ex vivo study
Authors: Pranno Nicola , Cristalli Maria Paola , Mengoni Fabio , Sauzullo Ilaria , Annibali Susanna , Polimeni Antonella , La Monaca Gerardo
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To compare, using an ex vivo model, the biofilm removal of three surface decontamination methods following surgical exposure of implants failed for severe peri-implantitis.

Materials and methods

The study design was a single-blind, randomized, controlled, ex vivo investigation with intra-subject control. Study participants were 20 consecutive patients with at least 4 hopeless implants, in function for >12 months and with progressive bone loss exceeding 50%, which had to be explanted. Implants of each patient were randomly assigned to the untreated control group or one of the three decontamination procedures: mechanical debridement with air-powder abrasion, chemical decontamination with hydrogen peroxide and chlorhexidine gluconate, or combined mechanical-chemical decontamination. Following surgical exposure, implants selected as control were retrieved, and afterwards, test implants were decontaminated according to allocation and carefully explanted with a removal kit. Microbiological analysis was expressed in colony-forming-units (CFU/ml).

Results

A statistically significant difference (p< 0.001) in the concentrations of CFU/ml was found between implants treated with mechanical debridement (531.58 ± 372.07) or combined mechanical-chemical decontamination (954.05 ± 2219.31) and implants untreated (37,800.00 ± 46,837.05) or treated with chemical decontamination alone (29,650.00 ± 42,596.20). No statistically significant difference (p = 1.000) was found between mechanical debridement used alone or supplemented with chemical decontamination. Microbiological analyses identified 21 microbial species, without significant differences between control and treatment groups.

Conclusions

Bacterial biofilm removal from infected implant surfaces was significantly superior for mechanical debridement than chemical decontamination.

Clinical relevance

The present is the only ex vivo study based on decontamination methods for removing actual and mature biofilm from infected implant surfaces in patients with peri-implantitis.
Methiocarb metabolites are systemically distributed throughout corn plants grown from coated seeds
Authors: Lentola Andrea , Giorio Chiara , Bogialli Sara , Roverso Marco , Marzaro Matteo , Girolami Vincenzo , Tapparo Andrea
Published: September 2020

Systemic insecticides such as neonicotinoids are widely used in seed coating practices for pest control in many crops, e.g., corn. Their success is due to their ability to protect the whole plant, from the roots to the upper leaves, but their use at high amounts is causing possible adverse effects on non-target animals exposed to contaminated pollen, nectar, leaves, and dust emitted during sowing. In 2018, the European Union banned some neonicotinoids and fipronil as seed coating insecticides in open fields. Consequently, the methylcarbamate methiocarb and less-toxic neonicotinoids, e.g., thiacloprid, have been authorized and largely used as alternative pesticides for corn seed coating. Here, an analytical protocol based on QuEChERS extraction/purification procedure and analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry has been optimized for the identification and the quantification of methiocarb, thiamethoxam, thiacloprid, and their metabolites in guttation drops, the xylem fluid excreted at leaf margins, and in leaves of corn plants grown from coated seeds. Although methiocarb is a non-systemic pesticide, we unexpectedly found high concentrations of its metabolites in both guttations and leaves, whereas methiocarb itself was below detection limits in most of the samples. The methiocarb main metabolite, methiocarb sulfoxide, was found at a mean concentration of 0.61 ± 1.12 µg mL−1 in guttation drops and 4.4 ± 2.1 µg g−1 in leaves. Conversely, parent compounds of neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam, thiacloprid) are systemically distributed in corn seedlings. This result raises safety concerns given that methiocarb sulfoxide is more toxic than the parent compound for some non-target species.
European beech stem diameter grows better in mixed than in mono-specific stands at the edge of its distribution in mountain forests
Authors: Pretzsch Hans , Hilmers Torben , Uhl Enno , Bielak Kamil , Bosela Michal , del Rio Miren , Dobor Laura , Forrester David I. , Nagel Thomas A. , Pach Maciej , Avdagić Admir , Bellan Michal , Binder Franz , Bončina Andrej , Bravo Felipe , de-Dios-García Javier , Dinca Lucian , Drozdowski Stanisław , Giammarchi Francesco , Hoehn Maria , Ibrahimspahić Aida , Jaworski Andrzej , Klopčič Matija , Kurylyak Viktor , Lévesque Mathieu , Lombardi Fabio , Matović Bratislav , Ordóñez Cristóbal , Petráš Rudolf , Rubio-Cuadrado Alvaro , Stojanovic Dejan , Skrzyszewski Jerzy , Stajić Branko , Svoboda Mirolav , Versace Soraya , Zlatanov Tzvetan , Tognetti Roberto
Published: September 2020

Recent studies show that several tree species are spreading to higher latitudes and elevations due to climate change. European beech, presently dominating from the colline to the subalpine vegetation belt, is already present in upper montane subalpine forests and has a high potential to further advance to higher elevations in European mountain forests, where the temperature is predicted to further increase in the near future. Although essential for adaptive silviculture, it remains unknown whether the upward shift of beech could be assisted when it is mixed with Norway spruce or silver fir compared with mono-specific stands, as the species interactions under such conditions are hardly known. In this study, we posed the general hypotheses that the growth depending on age of European beech in mountain forests was similar in mono-specific and mixed-species stands and remained stable over time and space in the last two centuries. The scrutiny of these hypotheses was based on increment coring of 1240 dominant beech trees in 45 plots in mono-specific stands of beech and in 46 mixed mountain forests. We found that (i) on average, mean tree diameter increased linearly with age. The age trend was linear in both forest types, but the slope of the age–growth relationship was higher in mono-specific than in mixed mountain forests. (ii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was stronger reduced with increasing elevation than that in mixed-species stands. (iii) Beech growth in mono-specific stands was on average higher than beech growth in mixed stands. However, at elevations > 1200 m, growth of beech in mixed stands was higher than that in mono-specific stands. Differences in the growth patterns among elevation zones are less pronounced now than in the past, in both mono-specific and mixed stands. As the higher and longer persisting growth rates extend the flexibility of suitable ages or size for tree harvest and removal, the longer-lasting growth may be of special relevance for multi-aged silviculture concepts. On top of their function for structure and habitat improvement, the remaining old trees may grow more in mass and value than assumed so far.
Magnetic damped links to reduce internal seismic pounding in base-isolated buildings
Authors: Mazza Fabio , Labernarda Rodolfo
Published: September 2020

A limited gap between closely spaced structural parts may induce internal pounding in seismically isolated structures, because of notable displacement at the level of the isolation system under severe earthquakes. A gap between a fixed-base elevator shaft and the surrounding building is presented here with reference to a reinforced concrete building located in the Sicilian town of Augusta. The building, comprising a basement and three storeys above the ground level, is seismically isolated at the top of rigid columns in the basement with a hybrid isolation system including elastomeric and sliding bearings, while a steel framed elevator shaft crosses the isolation level. Despite the gap, internal pounding may occur at all levels of the superstructure when the elevator with maximum load stops at the upper floors. To reduce structural pounding effects, a magnetic damped link (MDL) between adjacent corners of the elevator and the surrounding building is proposed. This is obtained as an in parallel combination of an eddy current damped link (ECDL) and an elastic helicoidal spring, and occupies less space than traditional passive dampers and transmits considerably less forces compared to a rigid link configuration. Specifically, an ECDL consists of an outer cylindrical copper tube, as conductor, and an inner tube, equipped with an array of axially magnetized and ring-shaped permanent magnets separated by iron pole pieces, as mover. The relative motion between conductor and magnets, during seismic loading, induces an eddy current producing electromagnetic damping. Given that viscoelastic linear behaviour can be hypothesized for the MDL, a simplified iterative design procedure of the ECDL is proposed, with optimization of the thickness and radius of the magnets, thereby enhancing magnetic flux and energy dissipation. The directionality of the near-fault ground motions is investigated through nonlinear seismic analysis, comparing no connection with four configurations of the interconnection: i.e., flexible and rigid elastic links, viscous and magnetic damped links.
Large-Scale Dynamics of Self-propelled Particles Moving Through Obstacles: Model Derivation and Pattern Formation
Authors: Aceves-Sanchez P. , Degond P. , Keaveny E. E. , Manhart A. , Merino-Aceituno S. , Peurichard D.
Published: September 2020

We model and study the patterns created through the interaction of collectively moving self-propelled particles (SPPs) and elastically tethered obstacles. Simulations of an individual-based model reveal at least three distinct large-scale patterns: travelling bands, trails and moving clusters. This motivates the derivation of a macroscopic partial differential equations model for the interactions between the self-propelled particles and the obstacles, for which we assume large tether stiffness. The result is a coupled system of nonlinear, non-local partial differential equations. Linear stability analysis shows that patterning is expected if the interactions are strong enough and allows for the predictions of pattern size from model parameters. The macroscopic equations reveal that the obstacle interactions induce short-ranged SPP aggregation, irrespective of whether obstacles and SPPs are attractive or repulsive.
Energy efficient route planning for electric vehicles with special consideration of the topography and battery lifetime
Authors: Perger Theresia , Auer Hans
Published: September 2020

In contrast to conventional routing systems, which determine the shortest distance or the fastest path to a destination, this work designs a route planning specifically for electric vehicles by finding an energy-optimal solution while simultaneously considering stress on the battery. After finding a physical model of the energy consumption of the electric vehicle including heating, air conditioning, and other additional loads, the street network is modeled as a network with nodes and weighted edges in order to apply a shortest path algorithm that finds the route with the smallest edge costs. A variation of the Bellman-Ford algorithm, the Yen algorithm, is modified such that battery constraints can be included. Thus, the modified Yen algorithm helps solving a multi-objective optimization problem with three optimization variables representing the energy consumption with (vehicle reaching the destination with the highest state of charge possible), the journey time, and the cyclic lifetime of the battery (minimizing the number of charging/discharging cycles by minimizing the amount of energy consumed or regenerated). For the optimization problem, weights are assigned to each variable in order to put emphasis on one or the other. The route planning system is tested for a suburban area in Austria and for the city of San Francisco, CA. Topography has a strong influence on energy consumption and battery operation and therefore the choice of route. The algorithm finds different results considering different preferences, putting weights on the decision variable of the multi-objective optimization. Also, the tests are conducted for different outside temperatures and weather conditions, as well as for different vehicle types.
Mio–Pleistocene Ostracoda from the Zhada Basin (western Tibetan Plateau)
Authors: Alivernini Mauro , Wang Junbo , Frenzel Peter , Mischke Steffen
Published: September 2020

We present a list of Ostracoda (Crustacea) from stratigraphic sections of Mio–Pleistocene lacustrine deposits from Zhada Basin, western Tibetan Plateau. In this area, almost no taxonomical studies were carried out so far, and, aiming to a future use of ostracods as palaeoenvironmental proxy for this sector of the Tibetan Plateau, a documentation of several species was performed. The taxaLeucocytherella sinensisHuang, 1982, ?Leucocythere dorsotuberosaHuang, 1982,Leucocythere postilirataPang, 1985,Ilyocyprisspp.,Eucypriscf.zandaensisYang, 1982, ?Prionocyprissp.,Paraeucyprissp. andLeucocytherella dangeloisp. nov. were found and classified. The taxonIlyocyprisspp. probably represents three different species; other taxa in open nomenclature areParaeucyprissp.,Eucypriscf.zandaensisand ?Prionocyprissp. The reported taxa from the Zhada Basin are mainly lacustrine species, and their diversity is comparable to those of other Neogene and Quaternary basins located on the Tibetan Plateau.
The role of inflammation and metabolic risk factors in the pathogenesis of calcific aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Conte Maddalena , Petraglia Laura , Campana Pasquale , Gerundo Gerardo , Caruso Aurelio , Grimaldi Maria Gabriella , Russo Vincenzo , Attena Emilio , Leosco Dario , Parisi Valentina
Published: September 2020

Given the epidemiologic increase of aged population in the world, aortic stenosis (AS) represents now the most common valvular heart disease in industrialized countries. It is a very challenging disease, representing an important cause of morbidity, hospitalization and death in the elderly population. It is widely recognized that AS is the result of a very complex active process, driven by inflammation and involving multifactorial pathological mechanisms promoting valvular calcification and valvular bone deposition. Several evidence suggest that epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), the visceral fat depot of the heart, represents a direct source of cytokines and could mediate the deleterious effects of systemic inflammation on the myocardium. Importantly, obesity and metabolic disorders are associated with chronic systemic inflammation leading to a significant increase of EAT amount and to a pro-inflammatory phenotypic shift of this fat depot. It has been hypothesized that the EAT inflammatory state can influence the structure and function of the heart, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of several cardiac diseases, including calcific AS. The current review will discuss the recently discovered mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AS, with particular attention to the role of inflammation, metabolic risk factors and pro-fibrotic and pro-osteogenic signal pathways promoting the onset and progression of the disease. Moreover, it will be explored the potential role of EAT in the AS pathophysiology.
Adherence to recommendations of inpatient geriatric consultation teams: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Deschodt Mieke , Jeuris Anthony , Van Grootven Bastiaan , Van Waerebeek Eline , Gantois Evie , Flamaing Johan , Velghe Anja
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Inpatient geriatric consultation teams (IGCTs) provide recommendations for the care of older patients hospitalized on non-geriatric wards based on comprehensive geriatric assessment. The lack of adherence to their recommendations hinders the potential impact of IGCTs. We evaluated the adherence to IGCT recommendations and determined which team and recommendation characteristics are related to higher adherence rates.

Methods

Multicenter observational study in older adults aged ≥ 75 years admitted to an acute non-geriatric ward. Demographic and adherence data were collected for 30 consecutive patients. A cross-sectional survey mapped team and organizational characteristics of the participating IGCTs.

Results

Analyses were conducted in 278 patients (51.4% male, mean age 82.5 years, and median length of stay 10 days). There was a median number of 3 recommendations (range 1–13) per patient. The overall adherence rate was 69.7%. Recommendations related to ‘social status’ (82.4%) and ‘functional status/mobility’ (73.3%) were best adhered to. Recommendations related to ‘medication’ (53.2%) and ‘nutritional status’ (59.1%) were least adhered to. Adherence rates increased if recommendations were given to allied health professionals (OR = 6.37, 95% CI = 1.15–35.35) or by more experienced IGCTs (OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.04–1.72) and decreased when more recommendations were given (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.33–0.80).

Conclusion

Adherence rate to IGCT recommendations increased if given to allied health professionals or by more experienced IGCTs and when fewer recommendations were given. Study replication in an international multicenter study with a larger number of centers and evaluating the quality of the recommendations is suggested.
What Influences Parenting Behaviour? The Role of Parent Self-Concept
Authors: Gittins Catherine B. , Abbott Maree J. , Hunt Caroline
Published: September 2020

Parenting has a strong influence on child development. However, there is minimal empirical evidence on why some parents use beneficial techniques, while others use harmful behaviours. Thus, there is a significant gap in the knowledge needed to address problematic parenting. Theories suggest that parental self-concept has a large influence on parenting behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between parent self-cognitions and parenting behaviours. One-hundred and four mothers of Grade 7 students completed questionnaires measuring their self-esteem, self-criticism, domain-specific self-concept, and parenting behaviours (support, behavioural control, and psychological control). Regression analyses demonstrated that self-cognitions largely predicted psychological control but support or behavioural control did not. These findings suggest that psychologically controlling behaviour in parents may be due to poor self-worth. With psychological control known to deeply damage children, these findings have major implications for interventions targeting harmful parenting.