bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ხელვაჩაურის მუნიციპალიტეტის არქეოლოგიური ძეგლები (გონიოს ციხე)
Authors: თავამაიშვილი გიორგი
Published: January 2025

ხელვაჩაურის მუნიციპალიტეტში გა­მ­ორ­ჩ­ე­ული მნი­­­შ­ვნელობის ისტო­რ­ი­ულ, არ-ქი­ტ­­­­ე­ქ­ტუ­რ­ულ და არქეო­ლო­გიურ ძეგლს წარ­მ­ოა­დგ­ენს გო­ნი­ოს ციხე. გონიო იდენტი­ფიცი­რ­ე­ბ­უ-ლია ანტი­კ­ურ და ბი­ზა­ნ­ტიურ წყა­რ­­­ო­ე­ბში მოხსე­ნიე­ბულ აფსაროს-აფსარუნტთან. გონიოს ტერიტ-ო­რი­ა­­ზე მი­კ­­ვლეული უძველესი არქე­ო­ლ­ო­­­­გიური მასა­ლა ად­­­რერკი­­­­­ნ­­­­­ის ხან­ით თარიღდება. აფსა­რ­ო­­­ს­­ის შემო­გ­­­ა­რ­­ენში ფუნქციო­ნირ­ებ­და სამთო-მე­ტ­ა­ლ­უ­რ­გი­ული ცენტრი, რო­მელიც ძვ.წ. VIII-VII საუ-კუნეებით თა­რიღ­დ­ე­­­­ბა. უახლესი აღმოჩენებით დადას­ტ­­­­­უ­რ­და, რომ ეს ტერი­ტ­ო­­­რია კლა­სიკურ ხანა-შიც ყოფ­ილა და­ს­ა­­ხლე­ბული. ­ელ­­­ინისტური ხანი­დან კი სამე­ურნეო-კულ­ტ­უ­­რული ცხო­­­ვ­რე­ბა აღ-მავალი გზით მიდის.
აფ­საროსი, რო­­გ­­ორც ციხესიმაგრე, პირველად ახ.წ. 77 წლით და­­­­­თ­არ­ი­ღ­ე­ბულ ნაშ­რ­ო­მ­­შია მო­ხს-ენიებული. არ არის გა­მო­რი­ცხული, რომ რო­მაე­ლ­ებს აფსაროსში თავდა­პირ­ვ­ე­ლად ხის დრო­ე­­ბი­თი სიმაგრე აეგოთ. ქვის გალავნის მშენე­ბ­ლ­­ობა I-II საუკუნეების მი­ჯნა­ზე უნდა იყოს და­წ­ყებული. ახ.წ. II-III სს. თა­რ­იღ­დ­ე­ბა აბ­ა­­ნ­ო, წყალ­სა­დ­ენი სისტ­ემა და კოლექ­ტ­ო­რი და პრინ­ც­ი­­პიის ნაშთები.
ახ.წ. III საუ­კუ­ნ­ის მეორე ნახევრიდან აფსარ­ო­სი სას­აზღვრო ბან­ა­კ­ად გა­დაიქცა. აფსაროსის ცი­­ხეს ახ. წ. IV სა­უ­კ­უ­ნი­ს­თ­ვის დროებით შეუწყ­ვეტია ფუნ­ქც­ი­ო­ნ­ი­რება. არქეო­ლ­­ო­გიური მა­­სალა ცხა-დყოფს, რომ ახ.წ. IV სა­უ­კ­უნის შუ­­ა­ხანებიდან ახ. წ. VI საუ­კ­­უნის პირველი ნახევრის ჩათვ­ლით, ციხე ფაქ­ტ­ი­­­ურ­ად მი­ტო­ვ­ებულია. ახ.წ. VIII საუ­კ­უნის შემდეგ წერილობით წყაროებში „აფ­სარი“ არ იხსე-ნიება. ფე­ო­­­­დ­ა­­ლ­უ­რი საქართველოს ძლიერების ხანაში მის ად­გილს იკა­ვებს სახელწოდება „გონ­ია“.
თამარის ეპოქაში, ტრაპიზონის იმპერიის შექმნის შემდეგ, გონია ამ იმპერიის შე­­მ­ა­დ­­­­­გ­ე­ნ­ლ­ო­­ბაშია. XIII ს. 90-იან წლებში ტრაპიზონის იმპერიას გამოეყო რიზე-გონიის პრო­ვ­­ი­ნ­­ცია და შეუე­რ­თ­­და საქართვე­ლ­ოს სამეფოს. 1547 წელს ოს­მ­ა­ლებმა დაიპყრეს ჭანეთი და მა­ს­თ­­ან ერ­თად „მცი­­რე ქა-ლაქი გონია“. ოსმალებმა გონიოს ცი­ხე გადააქციეს ავანპო­ს­ტ­ად დაპყრობილ მი­წ­ე­ბ­ზე ბა­­ტო­ნ­ო­ბ­­­ის გასამტკიცე­ბ­ლად და დასავლეთ საქარ­თვე­ლ­ოს შემოსაერთებლად. 1877-78 წლე­ბის რუს­ეთ-თურქეთის ომის შემდეგ, სხვა ტერიტო­რი­ებ­თ­ან ერ­თ­ად, გონიო საქართველოს დაუ­ბ­რუ­ნ­და.
IMPACT OF PHYSICAL THERAPY ON PELVIC FLOOR DYSFUNCTION AND SEXUAL HEALTH IN POSTPARTUM WOMEN
Authors: Misbah Anis Tabba  , Sumayya Zaman Khan  , Sundas Adeel  , Maham Ali Zaidi  , Farzeen Ali  , Maham Manan  , Farhat Fawad Liaquat  , Syed Amjad Hussain
Published: January 2025

This study aims to investigate the impact of physical therapy on pelvic floor dysfunction and its subsequent effects on sexual function, incontinence, pelvic floor distress, and quality of life in postpartum women. A total of 100 postpartum women with diagnosed pelvic floor dysfunction participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics, including age, parity, time postpartum, and baseline measures of pelvic floor dysfunction. Pre- and post-therapy assessments were conducted using standardized measures, including the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ7), Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI20), Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ12), and the Short Form 36 (SF36) for quality of life. Pelvic floor strength was assessed through physical examination. The results revealed significant improvements in sexual function (p = 0.023), with a moderate to strong positive correlation between sexual function and quality of life (r = 0.72, p = 0.001). Incontinence impact and pelvic floor distress showed trends of improvement but did not reach statistical significance. Pelvic floor strength showed no significant change post-therapy (p = 0.782). The study also observed a significant negative relationship between pelvic floor distress and sexual function (r = -0.32, p = 0.012). These findings suggest that while physical therapy can significantly improve sexual function and overall quality of life, its impact on incontinence and pelvic floor strength may require further attention. The study highlights the importance of addressing sexual health in pelvic floor dysfunction management, suggesting potential areas for refining physical therapy protocols for postpartum women.
A Computational Study of Dielectric Properties of Coconut Shell Powder and Coconut Shell-Activated Carbon and Organic Soil
Authors: Prasad Pandey Shivshankar , Yadav Shilpa
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the dielectric properties of artificial soil mixtures created using Coconut Shell Powder (CSP), Coconut Shell-Activated Carbon (CSAC), and Organic Soil. CSP, known for its lightweight and excellent water retention capacity, was combined with CSAC, renowned for its superior adsorption properties and enhanced conductivity. Organic Soil, rich in nutrients, served as a base material for improving soil texture and supporting plant growth. Three mixtures were prepared in ratios of 50% CSP, 30% CSAC, and 20% Organic Soil; 60% CSP, 20% CSAC, and 20% Organic Soil; and 40% CSP, 40% CSAC, and 20% Organic Soil. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor, loss tangent, conductivity, and skin depth were analyzed using Lichtenecker's logarithmic mixture model and MATLAB simulations. Results revealed that the mixture with 50% CSP, 30% CSAC, and 20% Organic Soil exhibited the highest dielectric constant and skin depth, indicating its potential for soil moisture sensing, energy storage, and electromagnetic shielding applications. This innovative approach highlights the benefits of CSP and CSAC in artificial soil development for sustainable agriculture and urban greening.
Incidence des Activités d’une Mine Semi-mécanique sur L’écosystème Dans le Sous Bassin de Tuy, au Burkina Faso
Authors: Alain PK Gomgnimbou , W Osée Ouedraogo , Basirou Dembele , Issouf Sawadogo
Published: January 2025

La présente étude avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’incidence des activités de la mine semi-mécanisée sur quelques composantes de l’écosystème (Eau, air et végétation) du sous bassin de Tuy au Burkina Faso. Les résultats de la concentration de l’air en particules montrent que les PM10 ont baissé de 58,85 µg/m3 à 45,09 µg/m3 respectivement du premier au quatrième jour. Quant aux PM2,5 la concentration a accru de 18,75 µg/m3 à 20,52 µg/m3 sur la même période mesure. L’analyse physico-chimique et microbiologique des eaux de surfaces et souterraines montrent que les paramètres pH, MES à 105°C, DBO5, DCO, nitrates, nitrites, sulfates coliformes fécaux, streptocoques fécaux respectent les normes des eaux de potabilisation de l’OMS en vigueur au Burkina Faso. Aussi, la teneur en éléments traces métalliques de l’eau de forage et de la retenue d’eau montrent qu’elles sont conformes aux normes recommandées par l’OMS pour le mercure (10 µg/I) et le cyanure (0,05 µg/I). Par contre l’eau de la fosse avec une teneur en arsenic de 16,26 µg/I, excède la norme qui est de 10 µg/I. Par ailleurs, l’inventaire des ligneux a révélé 153 pieds sur l’ensemble du site exploité présentant un état sanitaire sain. La densité est de 4,25 pieds/hectare ce qui est très faible par rapport à la densité moyenne de la région qui est de 150,79 pieds/ha. Ce diagnostic de la dégradation réelle de cet écosystème impose des actions pour une exploitation durable des ressources naturelles.
TINJAUAN LITERATUR: POLA NORMALIZATION BEHAVIOR PADA ORANGTUA YANG HIDUP DENGAN ANAK SAKIT KRONIS
Authors: Hendrawati Sri , Nurhidayah Ikeu , Sutini Tititn
Published: January 2025

Chronic illness in children has an impact, whether physical, psychological, social, spiritual, cultural or economic, not only for themselves but also for their parents and families. Parents have a significant role in helping children with chronic illnesses adapt to the illness and achieve optimal growth. Normalization is a process whereby families try to normalize their daily lives while having children with chronic illnesses. This literature review aims to identify normalization behaviour in parents living with chronically ill children. Articles were collected through EBSCOhost, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus electronic database using the keywords normalization behaviour, parent, and chronically ill children using qualitative and quantitative studies. The reviewed articles were only articles with full text, written in English, and published from 2015 to 2024. The methodological quality of this literature review was assessed according to the guidelines of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. It found 54 articles and only seven articles met the criteria. In families, especially parents who are experiencing difficulty in coping with chronic illness, there were recommended to promote normalization. Normalization behaviour consists of acknowledging that the impairment is present, defining life as usual, minimizing the social consequences of the illness, and engaging in behaviour that demonstrates normalcy to others. In addition, an individual or family who normalizes accepts that there is a deviation from health but strives to live as usually as possible despite the limitations. Nurses can assist the family in performing normalization behaviour by reviewing the family's daily routines, providing social support, enhancing coping strategies, enhancing family closeness, and identifying family or community support sources
Analyzing the Role of Hashtags and Trends as Digital Rhetoric in Pakistani Political Discourse on Twitter: A Study of Top Trends
Authors: Saeed Mubashir , Zaheer Asim , Naseem Anwar Muhammad , Ullah Nasir
Published: January 2025

Twitter has become a sensation in the political discourse in recent times. It has become a source of controversies regarding misinformation, polarization, and molding public opinion. These controversies usually arise during elections in different countries, including the U.S., Australia, Brazil, and Russia. An episode of a similar nature was detected in Pakistani politics as well when the sitting prime minister, Imran Khan, was ousted by a no-confidence vote in April 2022. Following this development, a trend (Imported Government, unacceptable) broke all records. It lasted over ten days as the top Twitter trend and was used in millions of tweets from Pakistanis worldwide. A similar hashtag (Desecration of Masjid-e-Nabavi, Unacceptable) received plenty of attention as well. These hashtags and trends proved vital in swaying public opinion and portrayed qualities of a genre with a communicative purpose, participants, context, limitations, and rhetorical structure. This paper analyses hashtags and trends as a genre using steps and design published in Amy Devitt, Mary Jo Reiff, and Anis Bawarshi's textbook, Scenes of Writing: Strategies for Composing with Genres (2004). The data used for this qualitative Study is taken in tweets with the concerned hashtags using purposive sampling.
ANALISIS RISIKO RANTAI PASOK BIBIT IKAN NILA MERAH STUDI KASUS : JARMAT FARM KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Salsabila Nisrina , Ramadhan Zidan , Zaskia D.Z Ratu , Rezkitaputri Ajeng , Oktariza Wawan , Ainun Tina Nur
Published: January 2025

Ikan nila merah adalah salah satu jenis ikan tawar dengan ekonomi yang bernilai tinggi. Jarmat Farm merupakan pembudidaya bibit nila yang berada di Kota Bogor. Usaha pembibitan nila merah selalu dihadapi pada risiko.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis risiko terhadap budidaya bibit ikan nila merah di Jarmat Farm. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode kualititatif meliputi survei, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen terkait. Hasil analisis risiko menunjukkan beberapa risiko utama, seperti risiko tahap perencanaan, risiko sumber bahan baku, risiko proses budidaya, risiko pengiriman, dan risiko pengembalian barang dari konsumen. Setiap risiko dievaluasi menggunakan metode perhitungan LC (Level Risiko). Berdasarkan temuan ini, hasil menunjukkan tingkatan risiko paling tinggi diperoleh pada tahap pengiriman. Penelitian ini memberikan perbandingan tentang risiko-risiko terkait budidaya ikan nila merah dan menjadi acuan bagi Jarmat Farm mengelola risiko dengan lebih efektif.
ANALISIS KORELASI ANTARA DURASI PAPARAN PENGGUNAAN GADGET DAN TINGKAT KETAJAMAN PENGLIHATAN MATA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ERGONOMI
Authors: Asikin Nur , Dayanti Octa , Gucci Dinda Okta Dwiyanti Ridwan , Nalendra Muhammad Adi Sukma , Pane Amirah Nova Khairiyah , Maulidina Siti Nur
Published: January 2025

Caterpillar Indonesia Batam menghadapi tantangan serius terkait kesejahteraan karyawan, terutama dalam hal penurunan ketajaman visual. Karyawan di perusahaan ini melaporkan penurunan ketajaman mata, yang mungkin terkait dengan penggunaan elektronik yang berlebihan. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji dampak paparan yang berkepanjangan terhadap penggunaan perangkat pada tingkat ketajaman visual karyawan PT. Caterpillar Indonesia Batam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei lintas-seksi yang melibatkan 65 responden dari seluruh populasi karyawan perusahaan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, observasi, dan penggunaan grafik Snellen untuk mengukur tingkat ketajaman visual. Hasil analisis data mengungkapkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara lamanya paparan penggunaan perangkat dan tingkat ketajaman mata, dengan nilai p yang signifikan (p = 0,007). Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya major areas of strength for a hubungan dengan koefisien hubungan sebesar 0,656 antara lamanya penggunaan perangkat dan tingkat ketajaman mata. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa penggunaan perangkat yang berlebihan dapat berdampak negatif pada ketajaman mata karyawan PT. Caterpillar Indonesia Batam. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan perlu segera mengambil langkah-langkah ergonomis untuk mengurangi risiko penurunan ketajaman visual dan memastikan kesejahteraan karyawan dan produktivitas perusahaan tetap terjaga.
Kata kunci: Gadget; Ketajaman Penglihatan
Balancing Innovation and Sustainability: Learn the Potential Impact on the Environment of Bitcoin Mining
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Ikbal , Hussain Muhammad Imam , Arobee Ayesha , Zim Md Nasim Fardous , Badhon Md Bahauddin , Akter Shahanaz
Published: January 2025

Convergence of technological development and sustainable development principles in the context of Bitcoin mining, are the cross-cutting issues this study is poised to address. Given the increased usage of Bitcoin, there have been increasing environmental concerns about electricity consumption and the carbon footprint of the mining processes. The study emphasizes the primary Bitcoin mining steps about how the process becomes energy-ravenous due to the proof-of-work mechanism attached to it. It also evaluates the potential environmental impact arising from mining activities with a primary focus on emissions and e-waste. Economic models demonstrate that the energy level that is used in Bitcoin mining is equivalent to the energy used by some countries, thus raising the need for appropriate management as such levels of energy use might be unsustainable. This paper also aims to predict modifiable changes in reducing potential environmental problems related to bitcoin mining by supplying some energy conservatism alternatives: energy-efficient mining equipment along with the utilization of solar energy, wind energy and water energy. Moreover, the report presents the current activities and their successes in encouraging sustainability practices in capital consumption or minimization of waste materials, policies for carbon neutrality and a framework for efficient e-waste management. There are legislative, institutional and other control measures along with incentives. They are aimed at reducing the environmental degradation caused by Bitcoin mining. The paper argues that it is possible to develop policies or employ technical solutions that would mitigate the environmental consequences of bitcoin mining without compromising the technological advancement of bitcoin mining.
Zażalenie w postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w sprawach cywilnych z art. 767(4) k.p.c. – ocena regulacji prawnej
Authors: Laskowska-Hulisz Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

The article discusses a complaint in court enforcement proceedings stipulated in Art. 767(4) of the Civil Procedure Code, including in particular doubts stemming from that article. At the beginning, it presents general characteristics of a complaint and then moves to detailed issues related, among others, to a court competent to hear such a complaint, the composition of the court or the object of the complaint. The article also makes an attempt to formulate de lege ferenda postulates concerning amendments to Art. 767(4) of the Civil Procedure Code.

Keywords: complaint, court enforcement proceedings, ruling, enforcement authorities
Smart Policing: The Impact Of E-TLE Implementation on Traffic Behavior in South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Genda Erwin Aras , Hakim Abdul , Noor Irwan , Setyowati Endah
Published: January 2025

This study examines the implementation of the Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (E-TLE) system in South Sumatra, Indonesia, as a means to modernize traffic law enforcement and address longstanding challenges in managing road violations. Grounded in qualitative research, the study explores the technological and human resource dimensions critical to E-TLE's success, including stakeholder collaboration, public compliance, and institutional responsiveness. Using Grindle's policy implementation framework, the research highlights the interplay between policy design, political context, and societal reception, emphasizing the need for robust communication strategies and infrastructural improvements. Findings reveal that while E-TLE has enhanced efficiency in traffic law enforcement, challenges such as public unfamiliarity and resource limitations persist, necessitating targeted interventions to ensure sustained success.
Exploring Saudi Teacher’s Readiness to Use Augmented Reality (AR) Technology to Teach English Language in Schools
Authors: ALMZIAD AMAL ABDULLAH
Published: January 2025

This study seeks to investigate the readiness of Saudi teachers to use augmented reality (AR) technology to enhance English language instruction in secondary schools in Riyad, Saudi Arabia. With the increasing integration of technology into educational settings, AR technology has garnered considerable attention as a potential aid for engaging and motivating language learners. Throughout this research, ten Saudi English language teachers from selected secondary schools in Riyad were interviewed to collect data. The findings consistently indicate a resoundingly positive response to AR technology, with teachers keen to incorporate it into English language classes. In addition, the study revealed that Saudi teachers recognised several significant advantages of AR technology in English language teaching. These results suggest that AR has the potential to revolutionize traditional teaching methods and improve the educational experience for both teachers and students. English language teachers in the study area are eager to adopt AR technology as an effective instrument for teaching English in secondary schools. This study catalyzes future research and collaboration to effectively integrate AR technology into the English language curriculum, thereby transforming the way English is taught and learned in Saudi Arabian secondary schools.
Effects of Termite mounds on Land-Use inHumid-Forest and Derived-Savanna of Nigeria.
Authors: Oluleye A K , Ogunwole J O , Adeyemo A J , Shittu O S , Osakwea U C , Ogunleye K S , Omoju O , Ilo A S
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Few researches have been reported on the utilization of termite activity as it relates to the management of tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems. Effects of termite mounds, as influenced, by different agro-ecology and land use, were studied. Soil Samples were collected, from termitaria and their surroundings in the Humid-Rainforest and Derived Savanna, of Southeast Nigeria. The samples were evaluated for physical (Textural class)and chemical ( pH, Organic Carbon, Organic Matter, N, P,K, Ca, Na, Mg, Base Saturation, Exchangeable Al+ H, Ecec) properties.  Data were Miyagawa, S., Koyama, Y., Kokubo M., Matsushita, Y. Adachin, S. Sivilay, N. Kawkubo, S. Oba. (2011) analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test at 0.05 probability level. Across agro-ecology physical properties of termitaria had higher Clay + Silt contents (Derived Savannah Clay 121.33+ Silt 246.13g kg-1, Rain Forest Clay 109.87 + Silt 62.76g kg-1)associated with good structure, increased water holding capacity with good drainage, than adjacent Soils (Clay 62.33+ Silt 42.56 g kg-1 ). There were non-significant (p<0.05) differences on land Use effects of  termite mounds soil physical properties, with  Escavated Land having highest Clay (111.53g kg-1) +Silt (382.40 g kg-1). Agro-ecology chemical properties showed increased organic matter, higher total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, magnesium and potassium, effective cation exchange capacity,(Derived Savannah 60.83 g kg-1, 2.42g kg-1, 21.45mg kg-1, 1.03, 0.96, 0.04 c mol kg-1  /kg, 3.94, Rain Forest 43.8 g kg-1, 3.98 g kg-1, 24.80 mg kg-1, 0.41, 0.52, 0.04 c mol kg-1, 3.10 respectively)than the adjacent or surrounding soils (8.66 g kg-1, 0.82 g kg-1, 13.15 mg kg-1, 0.05, 0.39, 0.02 c mol kg-1, 1.23 respectively). The available P varied between 6.21to 14.71 mg kg-1 , the highest P value 14.71 mg/kg being observed in the Graze Land termitaria than surrounding soils, of the land use systems. The physical and chemical properties termitaria are far better, significantly (p<0.05), across agro-ecology, with Humid Forest having, higher improvements, in contrast to Derived Savanna, while Escavated Land had the highest Clay+ Silt, with the highest P content recorded in the Graze Land.  Improvements in physical and chemical properties of termitaria were attributed to the activities of termites. This Study examined variability in the physical and chemical properties of termitaria and the adjacent surrounding soils. The study revealed, termite mounds are enriched in mineral resources that can be used as organic amendments on sustainable basis. Farmers rather than taking a decision to remove completely termitaria, going by the revelation of this study, could be used to level the ground, for crop production.
 
Keywords: Chemical and Physical Properties, Ecosystem, Potentilas as fertilizer, Soil transformation, Termitarium
ARABLE CROP FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICES IN EKITI STATE
Authors: Fanu A , Michael T D , Owoseni K P , Olatunji O C
Published: January 2025

This study assessed the arable crop farmers’ perception of organic farming practices in Ekiti state, Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to: describe the socio-economic characteristics of arable crop farmers; examine the level of awareness of organic farming practices by farmers; examine the level of usage of organic farming practices among arable crop farmers; evaluate the perception of farmers towards organic farming practices and to describe the constraints of organic farming practices. Interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents.A multistage sampling technique was used, in the first stage Ido, Ikole, Oye and Ado Local Government Area of Ekiti state were randomly selected, the second stage involved the selection of two communities from each Local Government Area, making eight selected communities, in the third stage there was selection of ten trained arable farmers from each selected community, a total of eighty respondents were interviewed. The result of the study shows that age distribution of the respondents was found at the modal category of 41-50 years. Male respondents were dominant (86.3%). The study revealed that majority of them were married. Majority of the respondents (57.5%) had secondary school completed. Farmers were aware of the organic farming practices except for zero/controlled burning with low mean score (x=1.51). The result revealed that manual weeding (87.5%), mulching (85.0%) and legumes/cover crops (85.0%) all ranked high in the level of organic farming usage. The study reveals that farmers have more positive perception towards organic farming practices. Major constraints to organic farming practices includes; lack of financial support and time-consuming nature of organic farming. There was significant relationship between the level of usage of organic practices and the perception of farmers towards organic farming practices at P-value of 0.033. The study concludes that there is high level of awareness, usage and perception among the farmers and the major constraint is inadequate finance. Since farmers have positive perception towards organic farming, there should be proper financial support in form of loan to motivate them. There should also be development of a strong domestic market for organic foods, to protect the interest of these organic farmers. Keywords: arable crop farmers, perception, organic farming, JDP
The IMPACT EVALUATION OF BABBAN GONA FRANCHISE ON PRODUCTIVITY OF SMALLHOLDER MAIZE FARMERS IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Adeniyi Saheed Temitope , Oladimeji Yusuf Usman , Ojeleye Oluwaseun Adebayo , Abubakar A. D
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of Babban Gona Franchise on the productivity of smallholder maize farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a total of 754 respondents comprising 377 each for participants and non-participants, respectively for the study. Data were collected by the use of interview schedule. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, data envelopment analysis (DEA), and propensity score matching (PSM). The results of DEA showed that only 20.9 and 4.9 % of participant and non-participant farms were found operating at optimal scale. Majority of the respondents were found to be technically, allocatively and economically inefficient. Using nearest neighbor matching (NNM), the PSM revealed that participation in Babban Gona Franchise had a positive and significant impact on productivity of the farmers. The result revealed that participant realized 2057.82 kg/ha compared to non-participant with 1747 kg/ha. The difference in yield amount to 309.86 kg/ha which was statistically significant at 1% level of probability level. On the average, the participant obtained a yield of 3.7 tonnes/hectare against non-participant of 1.7 tonnes/hectares of land.  This suggest that participant farmers had a positive impact on the productivity of the farmers. The study recommended that capacity development for field agents on knowledge transfer to farmers should be enhanced. Concerted efforts should be made to extend the services of Babban Gona to female folks. The scale of farm production should be increased thereby decreasing cost, given that majority of farms were operating at sub-optimal level. Other forms of contract farming models with potential impact should also be explored.
NUTRITIONAL, FUNCTIONAL AND PASTING PROPERTIES OF MAIZE-CASSAVA AND SORGHUM-CASSAVA FLOUR BLENDS
Authors: Adepeju A B , Babalola T E , Oyinloye A M , Olugbuyi A O , Oni K
Published: January 2025

This study assessed the nutritional, pasting and functional attributes of maize-cassava andsorghum-cassava flour blends. Flour samples were designated as CTRL (Commercial Babyfood), MA (90% Maize flour + 10% Cassava flour), MB (80% Maize flour + 20% Cassavaflour), MC (70% Maize flour + 30% Cassava flour), SA (90% Sorghum flour + 10% Cassavaflour), SB (80% Sorghum flour + 20% Cassava flour), and SC (70% Sorghum flour + 30%Cassava flour). Proximate composition, mineral content, functional properties, pastingproperties, and sensory evaluation of the flour blends was determined. Proximate compositionvaried as follows, moisture (8.70% to 13.15%), protein (2.78% to 9.50%), fat (1.02% to 2.13%),ash (1.37% to 1.72%), fiber (2.00% to 5.42%), and carbohydrate (70.34% to 83.13%). Mineralcontent varied as follows: sodium (12.74 mg/100g to 26.50 mg/100g), potassium (113.05mg/100g to 172.00 mg/100g), calcium (220.50 mg/100g to 342.00 mg/100g), iron (4.00 mg/100gto 38.20 mg/100g), and zinc (5.00 mg/100g to 10.62 mg/100g). Functional properties exhibitedthe subsequent ranges: water absorption capacity (67.67 g/ml to 209.67 g/ml), oil absorptioncapacity (141.51 g/ml to 200.86 g/ml), bulk density (1.77 g/cm3 to 2.24 g/cm3), and foamingcapacity (2.63% to 3.25%). Pasting results encompassed peak viscosity (553.00 RVU to 2595.00RVU), trough viscosity (436.00 RVU to 1925.00 RVU), breakdown viscosity (57.00 RVU to708.00 RVU), final viscosity (1448.00 RVU to 3423.00 RVU), setback viscosity (931.34 RVU to1498 RVU), peak time (5.67 minutes to 7.00 minutes), and pasting temperature (79.90 oC to91.25 oC). The flours were transformed into stiff porridges for sensory evaluation, yieldingresults for mouldability (6.10 to 8.10), texture (6.30 to 7.70), color (8.20 to 6.45), smell (6.20 to8.15), taste (5.70 to 8.25), and overall acceptability (6.40 to 8.15). Flour samples exhibitedcomparable quality to the CTRL, with the added benefit of being more accessible and costeffective.
Should every medical school organize peer teaching? We think they do
Authors:   , Avonts Marijke
Published: January 2025

Background Teaching is a vital skill for future doctors. Peer-assisted learning (PAL), where students teach others early in their training, is widely integrated into medical curricula. This study evaluated the impact of PAL on peer teachers' academic performance and their personal and professional development, as well as its long-term effects. Methods A retrospective cohort study assessed the effect of PAL on academic scores. Additionally, a modified Delphi survey with peer teachers and faculty members evaluated PAL outcomes. We conducted longitudinal semi-structured interviews with 13 peer teachers during their 2-year teaching period. Eleven former peer teachers were interviewed after completing the program to explore long-term impacts. Realist thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes. Results Of 311 medical students across three cohorts, 78 participated in PAL. Although peer teachers demonstrated higher academic performance, this was partly due to self-selection by better-performing students. Beyond grades, PAL had clear benefits for participants' development in several CanMEDS roles: medical expert, collaborator, scholar, and professional. A total of 47 interviews were conducted with 13 peer teachers (9 female, 4 male), allowing us to track their evolving motivations. Initially driven by personal goals, participants developed a stronger focus on helping others. They developed self-efficacy in clinical and teaching skills, became role models, and developed a professional identity by integrating various CanMEDS roles. Former peer teachers reflected positively on their experience, identifying it as a catalyst for pursuing teaching in their medical careers. They highlighted how PAL helped them mature, facilitated their transition into internships, and strengthened their personal and professional growth. Conclusion PAL offers medical students more opportunities to practice clinical skills while providing significant additional benefits for student-teachers. Through PAL, peer teachers are challenged to grow holistically as medical students, integrating diverse CanMEDS roles and forming a robust professional identity. Interviews with current and former peer teachers revealed how PAL enhanced their maturity, eased their transition into clinical practice, and encouraged teaching as part of their careers. Given the benefits observed, we advocate for widespread implementation of PAL in medical schools, ensuring every student has the opportunity to experience its positive impact. PAL not only fosters skill development but also nurtures future doctors who are enthusiastic about teaching the next generation.
A review of speaker identification methods with emphasis on new approaches
Authors: Azam Ali , Shafieian Masoumeh
Published: January 2025

Speaker identification is one of the important and practical challenges in the field of speech processing, which plays a significant role in security, voice authentication, and intelligent systems. This article examines the new methods of speaker identification and analyzes the recent developments in this field. The main focus of the paper is on the introduction and analysis of modern deep learning techniques, including convolutional neural networks (CNN) and hybrid models capable of extracting and analyzing more complex features of the speech signal. These methods have many applications in identifying the speaker independent of the text and in noisy or non-ideal conditions. Finally, remaining challenges, existing limitations, and future research directions for the development of more accurate and stable systems are reviewed. This study can help researchers and developers in a better direction in this field.
ASSESSING ELECTRIC VEHICLE VIABILITY: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF URBAN VERSUS LONG-DISTANCE USE WITH FINANCIAL AND AUDITING INSIGHTS
Authors: GANJI Farshad
Published: January 2025

The paper investigates the incorporation of emotional AI into Shark Algorithms to enhance trading performance through affective computing. By integrating sentiment analysis, these advanced algorithms are equipped with emotional intelligence to improve the accuracy of price predictions, devise sentiment-driven trading strategies, and optimize risk management techniques. The research highlights that embedding sentiment scores into conventional trading models provides a more nuanced understanding of market behavior, leading to enhanced decision-making processes.Key findings demonstrate that sentiment-enhanced price prediction models outperform traditional methods in capturing market trends, offering a significant edge in forecasting accuracy. The study further reveals the profitability of trading strategies driven by sentiment analysis, as they capitalize on emotional market responses, which are often overlooked by purely quantitative approaches. Additionally, the research emphasizes the effectiveness of sentiment-based position sizing as a tool for risk mitigation, allowing traders to adjust their exposure based on the emotional state of the market, thereby reducing potential losses during periods of heightened volatility.However, the integration of emotional AI into trading algorithms is not without challenges. The paper identifies issues related to the quality and reliability of sentiment data, which can vary widely depending on the source and the methodology used for analysis. Ethical considerations also arise, particularly concerning the potential for market manipulation and the broader impact of emotionally driven trading on financial markets. Technical complexities, such as the integration of real-time sentiment analysis with high-frequency trading systems, present additional hurdles.The study concludes by proposing future research directions, including the development of more sophisticated sentiment analysis techniques that can better capture the nuances of market sentiment. It also suggests advancements in real-time data processing to enhance the responsiveness of trading algorithms. Improved risk management strategies are recommended to address the specific risks associated with sentiment-driven trading. Furthermore, the paper advocates for the establishment of ethical frameworks to guide the use of emotional AI in financial markets, along with long-term studies to assess its impact on market efficiency and stability. The integration of emotional AI into trading algorithms represents a transformative step in financial technology, with the potential to influence market dynamics and trading practices significantly.
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE CRIMES OF TRANSFER OF ANOTHER’S PROPERTY AND BREACH OF TRUST WITHIN THE FRENCH LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors: Sami Omid
Published: January 2025

This research paper conducts a comparative analysis of the two crimes of 'transfer of another's property' and 'breach of trust' within the French legal system. The objective of this research is to accurately identify the constituent elements of these two crimes, compare their similarities and differences, and analyze the approach of French lawmakers and judiciary in dealing with these crimes. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and through a study of French legal sources, this research demonstrates that despite their apparent differences, these two crimes share significant commonalities. The main difference is in the way of acquiring property: In the crime of transferring another's property, the perpetrator obtains the property with fraudulent intent from the beginning, whereas in breach of trust, the abuse occurs after the lawful receipt of the property. Taking these differences into account, the French legal system has established proportionate punishments for each of these crimes. This study, by examining French judicial decisions and legal opinions, provides a comprehensive overview of how the French legal system deals with these crimes.
THE EFFECT OF TEACHER'S BEHAVIOR ON STUDENTS' BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS FROM THE ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Vajdi Samira
Published: January 2025

Recognizing students' behavioral problems can have a direct impact on the quality and process of education in the classroom. In addition, the teacher plays an important role in managing and reducing such behaviors. In Islam, the ultimate goal is to honor moral and behavioral virtues, so the teacher must be aware of moral and religious values to be able to give sufficient knowledge to students. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of the teacher in controlling students' behavioral problems from the perspective of Islam. The research type of this study is qualitative. In the matter of education, the teacher should have sufficient knowledge and understanding of the stages of growth and the characteristics of each stage so that he can have the necessary preparation for proper prevention and timely intervention against problems, and also help in the growth and flourishing of talents. Along with the importance of the principle of the necessity of education, values, and its transfer to students as one of the basic principles in education and training, how to transfer concepts to future generations, especially the application of the power of thought and reasoning in this direction is also important. It is on this basis that if most of the teaching and training facilities are spent on the preparation of textbooks in addition to the education, it is completely appropriate.
A COMPREHENSIVE RESEARCH ON SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Kumar Manish
Published: January 2025

Noble drug administration and traditional drug distribution have both failed to enhance medication bioavailability and mitigate drug toxicity. In recent years, tailored drug delivery systems have become significant for administering medications with less toxicity and enhanced bioavailability. Nanotechnology has revolutionized medicinal delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have demonstrated efficacy as superior medication carriers. SLNs possess several uses in the prevention of cancer and tuberculosis, and they serve as adjuvants in different vaccinations. The preparation procedures for solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) encompass homogenization under pressure, ultrasonication, and solvent evaporation, and are contingent upon the characteristics of the medication. The biodistribution of pharmaceuticals is a difficulty, effectively addressed by selecting the optimal route of administration. The characterization of drugs is crucial for solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to enhance drug bioavailability, encompassing several techniques such as electron microscopy, particle size analysis, and zeta potential measurement.
Student Satisfaction of the Services Improvement Providing by Souphanouvong University in the Academic year 2023 – 2024
Authors:   Souphanouvong University, Inthavong Vienganousouk
Published: January 2025

This study aims to assess student satisfaction with the services provided by Souphanouvong University. The sample group consisted of 115 students, and data were collected using a questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using the SPSS version 2022 program. The results revealed that students were generally satisfied with the services at Souphanouvong University at a low to moderate level. Satisfaction with academic services was rated at a moderate level (X̅ = 3.13, SD = 0.80), followed by parking services (X̅ = 3.07, SD = 0.90), social welfare services (X̅ = 3.07, SD = 0.90), cafeteria services (X̅ = 3.01, SD = 0.88), dormitory services (X̅ = 2.94, SD = 0.85), and library services (X̅ = 2.66, SD = 0.88), respectively.
Drama in Foreign Language Education: Bridging Communication and Creativity
Authors: Rzayeva Elnura
Published: January 2025

This study explores the role of drama in foreign language teaching, highlighting its ability to enhance linguistic skills, emotional intelligence, and cultural awareness through interactive and experiential learning. By integrating techniques such as improvisation, role-playing, and mime, drama fosters meaningful communication and reduces language anxiety. Despite challenges like time constraints and lack of teacher training, practical recommendations are provided to ensure effective implementation, transforming language education into a dynamic and engaging experience.
RIGHT TO SAFE WATER, ARGUMENTS FOR ITS LEGAL ENTITLEMENT IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Afzal Waqar , Azeem Aisha
Published: January 2025

In Pakistan, where over 21 million people, or around 10% of the population, faces challenge of access to safe drinking water, this article discusses the serious problem of insufficient sanitation facilities and water purification systems. Even though 92% of the total population has access to potable water, only 36% of the total water is safe to drink. In addition, almost 75% of the population does not have access to proper sanitation, which increases the likelihood of water-related illnesses. A great deal of avoidable misery has ensued because of our inability to satisfy fundamental human needs. This study contends that the right to obtain clean water for human consumption is upheld implicitly by Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 and explicitly by international human rights legislation, and the interpretations of Pakistani courts. By interpreting the access to safe water as a legal entitlement, it urges the government to make sure all its residents have access to clean water.
ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E SAÚDE CARDIOVASCULAR: ESTRATÉGIAS DE COMBATE AO INFARTO AGUDO DO MIOCÁRDIO – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Santos Aerton Medeiros , Souza Ana Paula Alves , Vaz Joice de Andrade , Fernandes Karla Juliana Silva , Braz Leandro Uchoa , Cajá Regiane de Sousa , Tourinho Luciano de Oliveira Souza
Published: January 2025

Introduction. Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, associated with risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and poor diet. Physical activity is a fundamental strategy for the prevention and recovery of AMI, being essential for ensuring health.Objectives. The general objective of this study is to analyze how physical activity can contribute to the prevention and recovery of AMI. Specific objectives include identifying the most effective types of exercises and understanding their beneficial effects on cardiovascular health.Justification. This study is relevant to public health, as it can contribute to the development of preventive strategies to help reduce AMI incidence. Additionally, it aims to provide useful information for clinical practice and improve patients' quality of life through cardiovascular rehabilitation programs.Methodology. The research was conducted through a systematic review of the literature, using the PubMed and Scielo databases. Studies published in the last 10 years, analyzing the effects of physical activity on the prevention and recovery of AMI, were selected.Results and Discussion. After the initial screening of 1,024 articles, 10 relevant studies were selected. The results indicate that aerobic exercises and resistance training offer significant benefits in preventing cardiovascular risk factors and rehabilitating post-infarction patients. Furthermore, international guidelines emphasize the importance of supervised exercise for AMI patients. Conclusion. Therefore, regular physical activity, when properly guided, significantly reduces the risk of AMI and contributes to the recovery of patients who have already experienced an infarction. Thus, this study provides an important foundation for the development of strategies and public health programs that promote cardiovascular health.
TRATAMENTOS EMERGENTES PARA A DOENÇA PULMONAR OBSTRUTIVA CRÔNICA (DPOC): UMA ABORDAGEM MULTIDISCIPLINAR
Authors: Silva Layra Nobrega , Pereira Maria Laís Sousa Alencar , Santos Patrick Dean Pereira de Sousa , Andrade Cleidyara de Jesus Brito Bacelar Viana , Veras Matheus Moises , Santos Carlos Eduardo Domingues dos , Guimarães Lucas Soares , Maciel Mirela Paiva , Rebouças João Victor Frota , Pereira João Victor Marinho , Carvalho Thales dos Santos Pires de , Silva Ana Lucia Fatuch e , Mattos Hellen Samilly Sudre , Morato Isadora Filgueiras Santos , Lourenço Gislayne Fontenele Albuquerque
Published: January 2025

A Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC) é uma condição respiratória crônica e progressiva, caracterizada pela obstrução das vias aéreas e pela dificuldade em respirar. Tradicionalmente, o tratamento da DPOC tem se baseado principalmente no uso de medicamentos broncodilatadores e corticosteroides, que visam aliviar os sintomas e melhorar a função pulmonar. No entanto, muitos pacientes não alcançam um controle adequado da doença, com sintomas persistentes e exacerbações frequentes. O presente artigo tem como objetivo geral revisar os tratamentos emergentes para a Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). A pesquisa é fundamentada em uma revisão abrangente da literatura existente, para a coleta dos dados, foi utilizada a base de dados PubMed e Scielo, a pesquisa foi conduzida com os termos "Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica”, “Tratamento Multidisciplinar”, “Terapias Emergentes", aplicando o operador booleano "AND". A revisão bibliográfica realizada evidencia que os tratamentos emergentes para a Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC), especialmente quando aplicados dentro de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, têm mostrado avanços significativos no manejo da doença. Embora os tratamentos tradicionais continuem sendo essenciais, novas terapias, como os medicamentos biológicos, a fisioterapia respiratória e a intervenção psicológica, têm demonstrado benefícios adicionais na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pacientes e na redução das hospitalizações. A personalização do tratamento, por meio da colaboração entre diferentes profissionais de saúde, é crucial para otimizar os resultados clínicos e proporcionar uma abordagem mais holística e eficaz. No entanto, apesar dos avanços, ainda existem desafios a serem superados, como a adesão ao tratamento e a necessidade de mais estudos para avaliar a eficácia de terapias emergentes, como a utilização de células-tronco. É fundamental que os profissionais de saúde continuem a trabalhar em conjunto para implementar estratégias que melhorem a gestão da DPOC, promovendo não apenas o controle dos sintomas, mas também o bem-estar geral dos pacientes. Com o avanço das pesquisas e a continuidade de uma abordagem integrada, espera-se que os tratamentos para a DPOC se tornem ainda mais eficazes e acessíveis, oferecendo um futuro mais promissor para os pacientes.