bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Slaves to rum" : alcohol, temperance, and race in America, 1800-1920
Authors:   , Tor Mackenzie
Published: August 2021

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Black men and women heralded the cause of the temperance movement, the organized push to combat Americans' excessive drinking habits. This thesis centers on the origins of their advocacy in the context of debates over slavery, prejudice, and segregation in the United States. White Americans justified their racism by constructing images of Black 'degradation'. Implicit in this racist conception was the idea that Black Americans were unable to control themselves, including around alcohol. White people thus feared that Black alcohol consumption would breed crime and racial violence. Armed with this fantasy of criminality, white reformers set out to suppress Black Americans and maintain their social and political power. Black reformers contested these attempts from the origins of their temperance crusade in the 1820s until Prohibition a full century later. Men and women organized across the North and, after emancipation, the South in order to formulate a response to ideas of degradation and drunkenness. Namely, they refused to drink at all. Black Americans were among the most vociferous proponents of temperance, arguing that abstention from alcohol would eventually lead to their freedom and equality within the United States. By observing racial strife over the course of the long nineteenth century, this thesis ultimately demonstrates how understandings of alcohol provide a window into the history of racial injustice in America.
POTRET DINAMIS ISLAM INDONESIA
Authors: Naim Ngainun
Published: August 2021

Islam sebagai agama bersifat tunggal tetapi pemahaman terhadap Islam teraktualisasi dalam corak keberagamaan yang bermacam-macam. Masing-masing corak tumbuh dan berkembang seiring dengan dinamika perkembangan masing-masing masyarakat. Riset tentang relasi Islam dan budaya lokal sebagaimana ditampilkan oleh enam orang penulis buku ini menunjukkan bahwa potret Islam Indonesia itu sangat dinamis. Buku ini merupakan sinopsis disertasi enam orang penulisnya. Sebagai disertasi dari berbagai perguruan tinggi dan bidang ilmu, buku ini menampilkan potret Islam Indonesia yang unik dan khas. Telaahnya cukup mendalam dan bisa dipertanggungjawabkan secara akademis. Terbitnya buku ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam memahami potret Islam Indonesia yang sangat dinamis.
KEWENANGAN PENCATATAN NIKAH MELALUI PENGHULU DAN KEPALA KUA DALAM PERSPEKTIF PERATURAN MENTERI AGAMA DENGAN PERATURAN PENDAYAGUNAAN APARATUR NEGARA
Authors: Usman Achmad Murtadho
Published: August 2021

Marriage registration for Muslims is carried out by Marriage Registration Officer (PPN). Minister Religion Regulation (PMA) Number 11 2007 concerning Marriage Registration Article 2 Paragraph (1) mentions Head of KUA as PPN. Meanwhile, Ministe State Apparatus Empowerment Regulation Number: Per/62/M. PAN/6/2005 concerning Functional Position Penghulu Article 1 Paragraph (1) states that Penghulu also PPN. Serious problems related to authority Penghulu caused by mention Penghulu and Head of KUA as PPN, this makes authority Penghulu as functional give Prealable authority which authority to carry out decisions taken without asking for prior approval from agency or individual, which this can have an impact on validity marriage book by penghulu or head of KUA. This research uses empirical juridical research and uses a qualitative approach. Results analysis, that in practice registering marriages at KUA of Sukun Subdistrict, Malang City, conclusions: First, functions and authorities role Penghulu as PPN to carry out munakahat legal fatwas, mu’amalah guidance, as advisory supervision and marriage consultation or reconciliation. role Head of KUA as PPN supervise implementation duties Penghulu and Assistant PPN, reporting marriage registration to Regency/City Ministry of Religion, as guardian adlol or guardian judge and signing examination, agreements and events marriage certificates, divorce, and reconciliation. Second,implementation, namely: mandate Head of KUA to Penghulu responsibility and accountability Head of KUA, Head of KUA can give mandate to Penghulu carry out tasks in some of his working areas, and role of Penghulu as form representative Head of KUA when unable to attend meeting. wedding ceremony. Third, supporting factors include: understanding importance registering marriages, Penghulu at District KUA fulfills human resources and role Head of KUA in management and coaching. Inhibiting factors: level of understanding regulations not optimal, human resources KUA employees still lacking, clash mentioning Penghulu and Head of KUA as PPN, and lack supervision from BIMAS Islam.
REALISASI NILAI-NILAI PANCASILA BAGI PEMELUK ISLAM, KRISTEN DAN HINDU DI DESA CANDI-KLATEN
Authors: Alwi HS Muhammad Alwi
Published: August 2021

This article examines the realization of Pancasila values by focusing on the life of Candi village community, Klaten, especially regarding the relationship among Muslims, Christians, and Hindus. The primary data in this article were obtained from the field, in the form of interviews with the community and village level, observations, and documentation. Meanwhile, secondary data in this article as much as possible is obtained from articles and books related to the theme. The results of this article show that the relationship among the three religious adherents shows the realization of Pancasila values. This realization aims to overcome and foster religious diversity in the village, by implementing and prioritizing the interests of the State or the structural rules of government (village apparatus) that have been agreed and enforced, among at the village head, RT, and RW levels. In addition, the involvement of religious leaders and youth organizations also contributes to supporting the prioritization of the interests of the State or the government structure.
TO COMPARE THE TYPE OF WOUND INFECTION OF SINGLE DOSE VERSUS CONVENTIONAL (MULTIPLE DOSES) ANTIBIOTIC USE IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN TERMS OF TYPE OF SSI (SUPERFICIAL INCISIONAL SSI OR DEEP INCISIONAL SSI)
Authors: Chand Mehar , Malhotra A.K. , Chandel U.K. , Syal Kartik , Nagesh Bhartendu
Published: August 2021

Background: To compare the type of wound infection of single dose versus conventional (multiple doses) antibiotic use in laparoscopic cholecystectomy in terms of SSI

Methods: This study was carried out in the department of General Surgery Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla (H.P.) on patients admitted with radiologically proven cholelithiasis.

Results: In SD group out of 03 patients who developed wound sepsis all were having Superficial incisional SSI and in C group also all patients (02) who developed wound sepsis had superficial incisional SSI.

Conclusion: The type of infection wise difference in both groups was found insignificants.

Keywords: Superfical, Deep, Gallstone, Wound sepsis
ROLE OF INTERLUEKIN – 6 AS A PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN INDORE DISTRICT, STATE M.P.
Authors: Saxena Sakar , Narang Sanjeev , Jain V.K. , Srivastava Romi , Karode Rahul
Published: August 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly around the world since its emergence and has wreaked havoc globally. As hospitals around the world are being overwhelmed due  to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is of utmost urgency to identify biomarkers which would accurately predict patient outcome at an early stage. Many studies suggested that numerous markers of inflammation like CRP, ESR, LDH, D-Dimer, Serum Ferritin and Interleukin -6 were found to be significantly elevated in patients with severe disease relative to patients with milder conditions. Amongst which IL-6 appears to be the most important driver of immune dysregulation and ARDS in Covid-19.  According to known evidence, IL-6 is superior to CRP and other markers of inflammation in predicting respiratory failure in Covid-19 (1, 2].

Method: All patients had a positive covid-19 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test results.  Patients with the history of comorbidities such as Hypertension (HTN), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Asthama, Heart failure, Chronic renal Failure (CRF) were included. The clinical and laboratory findings including Haemoglobin, WBC counts, Differential Counts, Liver Function Tests, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Ferritin and Interleukin -6 (IL-6) were obtained from the database. Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study. The median age of study population was found to be 52.5 years. It was observed that there were significantly increased serum IL-6 levels as the age increased. The serum levels of both IL-6 and CRP were markedly increased in morbid patients. Higher plasma IL-6 levels translated to more severity (determined by of days of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation and mortality).

Conclusion: This study proves that serum IL-6 level is an accurate and a reliable indicator in predicting the prognosis of the patients in terms of longer hospital stay ,greater need of mechanical ventilation, and/ or increased  mortality.

Keywords: IL-6& Covid-Biomarkers.
Extravasamento de Drogas Antineoplásicas: Notificação e Cuidados Prestados
Authors: Adami Nilce Piva , Baptista Alessandra Rodrigues , Fonseca Selma Montosa da , Paiva Débora Resende dos Santos
Published: August 2021

Este estudo, desenvolvido no Ambulatório de Quimioterapia de Adultos de um hospital universitário da cidade de São Paulo teve por objetivos: identificar a incidência de extravasamentos de drogas citostáticas em pacientes atendidos nesse Ambulatório no período de 1998 e 1999; verificar os sinais e sintomas apresentados por estes pacientes após a ocorrência do extravasamentos dessas drogas; analisar os cuidados prestados pelo pessoal de enfermagem, visando o tratamento deste evento adverso. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva retrospectiva que utilizou como fonte de dados primários os registros nas fichas de notificação desse evento adverso no biênio 1998/1999. Concluiu-se que nestes anos a incidência de extravasamento foi a de 1,2% e 1,0% respectivamente, proporções estas bem menores do que o limite máximo observado na literatura consultada. Dos 82 pacientes que sofreram extravasamento, 42 (51,2%) apresentaram sinais e sintomas, sendo os principais: ardor, dor e edema. Como efeito indesejável um paciente apresentou escaras no antebraço, cinco dias após o extravasamento da vinblastina, necessitando de tratamento especializado. A indicação e aplicação de compressas quentes no local do extravasamento, foram adequadas aos tipos de drogas infundidas e dentre os 58 pacientes que receberam compressas frias, em dois deveriam ser aplicadas compressas quentes (3,4%), implicando na revisão dos cuidados prestados. Identificou-se também a necessidade de melhoria dos registros para subsidiar o processo avaliativo nesse serviço de saúde.
Der Schatten eines abwesenden Buches: das Symbol von Tod und Verfall in zwei Momenten von Gilberto Freyres, Introdução À História Da Sociedade Patriarcal No Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro René Salmito , Nascimento Expedito Tomaz do
Published: August 2021

Wenn man bedenkt, dass die bekannte Trilogie von Gilberto Freyre Introdução à história da patriarcal no Brasil – bestehend aus Casa-grande & senzala, Sobrados e mucambos und Ordem e progresso – ein zusammenhängendes Ganzes zu sein scheint, die Nichtveröffentlichung des vierten Essays, der das Werk zu einer Tetralogie, Jazigos e covas rasas machen würde (die sich mit den brasilianischen Bestattungsritualen von der Mitte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts befassen würden, vor dem Hintergrund der Entwicklung von Positivismus und Republikanismus in Brasilien sowie der letzten Veröffentlichung der Introdução, und würde das Thema Tod als Metapher für den Verfall des Patriarchats in Brasilien nutzen), ist es unvermeidlich, dass zwei Fragen gestellt werden, die am Ende auf eine reduziert werden können: da dieses fehlende Werk, das Freyre angeblich geschrieben, aber verloren hat, die Wahrnehmung früherer Werke verändert hätte, und zweitens, wenn seine Ideen trotz des Verlustes des Originals in den vorherigen Werken nicht ausgebremst würden, wenn er die Beharrlichkeit wahrnehme, mit der der unveröffentlichte Titel in den Einleitungen zu Sobrados e mucambos und Ordem e progresso zitiert wird. Denkt man vor allem an das Vorwort zur zweiten Auflage des zweiten Buches der ursprünglichen Trilogie und den Übergang zwischen Casa-grande & senzala und Sobrados e mucambos (von denen der Titel dieser Analyse spricht), versuchen wir hier zu zeigen, wie die Metapher Tod/Verfall bereits in der ursprünglichen Trilogie zu finden ist und welche Konsequenzen dieselbe Metapher in einer Erneutinterpretation des Werkes von Gilberto Freyre haben kann, indem sie es als Verleumdung zur Verteidigung einer auslöschenden Gesellschaftsweise verortet, aus der sich der Autor als Nutznießer und Nostalrist erweist.
L’ombre d’un livre absent : le symbole de la mort et de la décadence en deux moments de Introdução À História Da Sociedade Patriarcal No Brasil de Gilberto Freyre
Authors: Ribeiro René Salmito , Nascimento Expedito Tomaz do
Published: August 2021

Considérant que la trilogie bien connue de Gilberto Freyre Introdução à história da patriarcal no Brasil – composée de Casa-grande & senzala, Sobrados e mucambos e Ordem e progresso – semble un tout cohérent, la non-publication du quatrième essai, qui rendrait l’ouvrage une tétralogie, Jazigos e covas rasas (qui traiterait des rituels funéraires brésiliens du milieu du XIXe siècle au début du XXe siècle, dans le contexte du développement du positivisme et du républicanisme au Brésil, ainsi que le dernier dans l’Introdução, et j’utiliserais le thème de la mort comme métaphore de la décadence du patriarcat au Brésil), il est inévitable que deux questions se posent, qu’on peut finalement réduire à une seule : comment fonctionne cet absent, qui Freyre prétend avoir écrit, mais perdu, aurait changé la perception des œuvres antérieures, et d’autre part si, malgré la perte de l’original, leurs idées ne s’entremêlaient pas dans les œuvres antérieures, si l’on remarque l’insistance avec laquelle le titre inédit est cité dans les introductions à Sobrados e mucambos et Ordem e progresso. En pensant avant tout à la préface de la deuxième édition du deuxième livre de la trilogie originale et à la transition qui s’opère entre Casa-grande & senzala e Sobrados e mucambos (les deux moments mentionnés dans le titre de cette analyse), nous cherchons ici montrer comment la métaphore mort/décadence se retrouve déjà dans la trilogie originale et quelles conséquences cette même métaphore peut-elle avoir dans une relecture de l’œuvre de Gilberto Freyre, la situant comme une diffamation en défense d’un mode de société qui s’éteint et dont l’auteur se montre bénéficiaire et nostalgique.
The shadow of an absent book: the symbol of death and decay in two moments of Gilberto Freyre’s, Introdução À História Da Sociedade Patriarcal No Brasil
Authors: Ribeiro René Salmito , Nascimento Expedito Tomaz do
Published: August 2021

Considering that the well-known trilogy of Gilberto Freyre Introdução à história da patriarcal no Brasil – composed of Casa-grande & senzala, Sobrados e mucambos and Ordem e progresso – seems a cohesive whole, the non-publication of the fourth essay, which would make the work a tetralogy, Jazigos e covas rasas (which would deal with the Brazilian funeral rituals from the mid-nineteenth century to the beginning of the 20th century, against the background of the development of positivism and republicanism in Brazil, as well as the last published of the Introdução, and would take advantage of the theme of death as a metaphor for the decay of patriarchy in Brazil), it is inevitable that two questions will be asked, which in the end can be reduced to one: as this missing work, which Freyre claims to have written but lost, would have changed the perception of previous works, and secondly if, despite losing the original, his ideas would not be imbriated in the previous works, if he perceived the insistence with which the unpublished title is cited in the introductions to Sobrados e mucambos and Ordem e progresso. Thinking above all the preface to the second edition of the second book of the original trilogy and the transition that takes place between Casa-grande & senzala and Sobrados e mucambos (the two moments of which the title of this analysis speaks), we seek here to show how the metaphor death/decay is already found in the original trilogy and what consequences can this same metaphor have in a rereading of the work of Gilberto Freyre, locating it as a libel in defense of a mode of society that is extinguishing and from which the author proves to be a beneficiary and a nostalrist.
Obesidade infantil: importância da orientação preventiva do enfermeiro
Authors: Oliveira Andréia Braga de , Tomaz Priscilla Steffani Santos
Published: August 2021

Obesidade é quando o nível de gordura ultrapassa os padrões considerados normais contidas no organismo, causado pelo consumo excessivo de calorias na alimentação que supera os valores usados pelo organismo para manutenção de suas funções orgânicas, tendo fatores agravantes como questões sociais, biológicas, culturais e políticas. O atual trabalho tem como proposta, descrever a importância da orientação preventiva do enfermeiro diante de um prognóstico ou diagnóstico confirmado em que crianças acima do peso possam desenvolver a obesidade infantil. Trata-se de estudo bibliográfico, descritivo de natureza exploratória, mediante artigos selecionados nas bases de dados do Núcleo do conhecimento (Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal), ABESO (Associação Brasileira para o Estudo da Obesidade e da Síndrome Metabólica) e Scielo (Scientifie Eletronic Library Online), nos meses de Fevereiro a Dezembro de 2017. Espera-se, com essa pesquisa, descrever as ações de enfermagem frente à obesidade infantil como forma de prevenção e orientação, visto que o profissional da saúde está diariamente em contato com esta realidade.
TRENDS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE THEORY OF MULTIFUNCTIONALITY
Authors: Lialina Nataliia , Matvienko-Bilyaeva Galina , Panchuk Anastasiia
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the current state and main trends of socio-economic development of agriculture in 1990-2018. In particular, the analysis of gross agricultural output of Ukraine (at constant prices in 2010) in all categories of farms, including agricultural enterprises, the dynamics of gross crop and livestock production in agricultural enterprises and its structure are studied. The main trends of agricultural development are identified and analyzed in the context of the theory of multifunctionality in conditions of uncertainty. The reasons for the reduction of the livestock industry, which is one of the components of sustainable development and allows a comprehensive solution to a number of economic, environmental and social problems.
A thorough analysis of crop production by its main types in all categories of farms, the structure of sown areas and the level of crop yields in agricultural enterprises, analyzed the performance of its operation. As a result of low profitability, high material consumption of growing and harvesting, companies lost interest in the production of sugar beets and gradually began to prefer the cultivation of crops that are in demand in the market and profitable. This applies to sunflower and cereals and legumes.
The level of staffing of enterprises is investigated. In particular, the dynamics of the population in Ukraine in 1990-2019, the employed population and employees in agriculture, forestry and fisheries of Ukraine are analyzed. Among the main factors that provoke labor shortages in agriculture are: the elimination of the livestock industry, which reduces the level of seasonality; lack of motivation, which is manifested mainly in low wages; remoteness of agricultural enterprises from large cities; migration abroad and others.
Based on the analysis, it is determined that the increase in agricultural production at enterprises should be due to: comprehensive intensification of the industry, introduction of modern innovative technologies, adherence to scientifically sound crop rotations, livestock development, wage growth, increasing the prestige of the profession. This will not only contribute to the socio-economic development of agriculture, but also allow agricultural producers to become competitive and take a worthy place in the world market.
LEGISLATIVE PROVISION OF PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCESSION RELATIONS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Seroklyn Lyudmyla
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the legislative support for the implementation of the concession in the development of the national economy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of deepening the understanding of the essence of the concession. It is emphasized that the problem of investing in the restoration and development of most industries, housing and communal services, infrastructure, the communal sector of the economy, and mining is exacerbated for the national economy. It is due to the intensification of interaction between private business and the state on the basis of the contractual mechanism of the concession that it is possible to implement a system of measures to stimulate effective cooperation between the state and business. The basic normative-legal bases of regulation of concession activity are defined. The main content of the Law of Ukraine on Concessions is analyzed in order to identify the main positive changes in its practical use. The main directions of positive changes in the legislative regulation of concession activities are highlighted. Among the main positive aspects that affect the intensification of concession activities in the country are: changing the view of the concession, the separation of public-private partnership and concession, the formation of requirements for concessionaire status, determining the procedure and procedure for concession, requirements for state support of concession projects. It is emphasized that there are some omissions in the legislative support of the concession. The analysis of the legislative support of concession activities allows us to emphasize the significant potential of this form of PPP to attract private capital in the development of state and municipal property. In addition, the legal requirements for the practical use of the concession indicate sufficient potential for the development of concession activities in Ukraine and the availability of appropriate legal support to maximize the benefits of concession projects. Options for their settlement are proposed to prevent abuse by partners in the implementation of the concession agreement.
THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF PR TECHNOLOGIES IN CRISIS PERIODS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: Smyrnova Tetiana
Published: August 2021

Maintaining the reputation of any company in modern conditions should be one of the priority development stacks in the company's communication policy. This can be done with a successful PR policy. That is why all active market actions related to PR activities, such as the development of PR programs and PR campaigns, should be adjusted according to the overall communication strategy of the firm. The article considers the theoretical foundations of PR in crisis periods of economic activity of medical enterprises. It is noted that maintaining the reputation of any company in modern conditions should be one of the priority development stacks in the company's communication policy. This can be done with a successful PR policy. That is why all active market actions related to PR activities, such as the development of PR programs and PR campaigns, should be adjusted according to the overall communication strategy of the firm. It is determined that the relevance of the topic under consideration lies in the fact that the PR activities of the medical services sector were not given enough attention in scientific research, and in the current crisis market conditions of Ukraine, businesses can increase the loyalty of their customers, partners and other Target groups of the public to the company's brand. The essence of the concept of PR is compared based on the studied works of domestic and foreign scientists. The object and subjects of the PR campaign are highlighted in order to understand the essence of the category. PR campaigns are systematized according to many different factors, among which the main ones are the duration of the campaign, the geography of its implementation, the nature of the target public aimed at this PR campaign, the nature of the emotional impact on the target audience and the type of strategic goal. RACE technology is investigated as one of the most well-known technologies used in planning PR activities. The key stages of organizing a PR campaign based on RACE technology are highlighted. The main tasks that can be solved with the help of a PR campaign are systematized. It was noted that practicing PR specialists of Ukraine consider it fundamental in their work to measure the effectiveness of PR campaigns by monitoring the information field. Several positive and negative trends in the PR Market in the business sector are considered. The article analyzes the PR activities of Ukrainian enterprises based on statistical data on the development of the PR sphere in Ukraine.
ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT FACTORS FOR REGION
Authors: Bоhuslаvska Svitlana
Published: August 2021

Factors that have the most significant impact on the innovative development of the regions of Ukraine were identifies in the article, taking into account the current trends of globalization and regionalization. The region is a complex socio-economic system. Its functioning determined by external environment factors. Moreover, these factors determine the opportunities and prospects of the regional further development. Nowadays the sustainable development of the region, the regional economic complex and economic entities possible only with sufficient resourcing and the implementation of various kinds of innovations. This requires adoption of the latest tools and effective management of all aspects of economic activity, creating opportunities for innovation. The assessment of the innovation development factors for region made based on the systemic and evolution approaches. The general analysis of the trends in the innovative development of the regions of Ukraine, carried out in the article, indicates significant regional differentiation and downward dynamics indicators (namely, the number of performers of scientific and scientific-technical works and the number of innovatively active enterprises) However, the number of implemented innovative technological processes increased. The construction of a matrix of connections between factors of regional innovation and resource clusters carried out using the method of Quality Function Deployment. Data, obtained as a result of the analysis of the factors of innovative development of the region, grounded that substantiate the strategic importance of information and technological clusters of resources for ensuring such development, as well as the competitiveness of the region in conditions of permanent dynamic changes in the external environment. Besides, innovative development as an effective direction for modernizing the economic complex of the region. It should be carried out based on mobilizing endogenous factors – the available internal resources, among which clusters of information and technological resources are the most significant.
MODERN DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF STATE AND REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT IN UKRAINE
Authors: Rozmaryna Albina , Kolontai Svitlana
Published: August 2021

The main indicators of man-made load on the environment and the cost of environmental measures in Ukraine indicate the deterioration of the environment as a vital environment for human existence and an integral part of national security. In the current conditions of progressive growth of anthropogenic pollution in Ukraine, the problem of forming an effective mechanism of environmental management at all levels of the hierarchy of environmental management - from the enterprise and the region to the national and global economy. The article is devoted to the study of the development and implementation of modern methods and tools of environmental management at the state and regional levels. Issues related to the management of environmental activities and the rational use of natural resources are very urgent and inextricably linked to the national interests of the functioning and development of the economic system and society as a whole. State environmental management is designed to ensure compliance with international and national standards and regulations to limit the harmful effects of pollutants on the environment and human health; to promote the optimization of interaction between the legislative and executive authorities at different levels of environmental management; to promote the introduction of effective economic mechanisms for the promotion of environmental products, stimulating the development of resource-saving "green" technologies; ensure environmental audit and implementation of environmental initiatives, etc. Based on this, the article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of existing environmental management tools, including administrative and control and market-oriented and financial and credit. The article also analyzes the implementation of capital investments and current expenditures for environmental protection in the Odessa region for the period from 2010 to 2019 and identifies general trends in the financing of environmental measures in the region. On the basis of the conducted analysis the directions of improvement of the mechanism of management of nature protection activity at the state and regional levels which, first of all, are connected with tax-budgetary and credit instruments are offered.
LABOR MARKET RESEARCH OF UKRAINE: GENDER ASPECTS
Authors: Prokopovych-Pavlyuk Iryna , Panchyshyn Taras , Marets Oksana
Published: August 2021

This study aims to summarize the trends inherent in the Ukrainian labor market in order to highlight the problems of gender inequality in wages and identify barriers to women's entry into high-paying positions.
The article analyzes the distribution of employment and unemployment rate by age groups of the population, reveals the patterns of influence of gender on the distribution of the employed and unemployed. In particular, the greatest gender inequality was noted among young people and the older age group. The study also summarizes the problems of gender differentiation in wages in terms of various types of economic activity. The activities with the largest pay gap among women and men are highlighted, which include financial activities, arts, sports, entertainment and recreation, industry, transport, agriculture and trade. The attention is focused on the presence of the phenomenon of the so-called vertical segregation in the labor market of Ukraine and the barriers that women face when looking for a better paid job are described. The level of gender differentiation of wages in the regions of Ukraine was also investigated and the regularity of the growth of such differentiation depending on the types of activity was confirmed.
The problems that aggravate gender inequality in the labor market of Ukraine are generalized. In particular, emphasis was placed on the lack of sufficient legislative initiatives that would facilitate the rights of employed women, who must balance work and family. The regulation of legislation that will provide the possibility of alternative forms of employment, namely part-time or remote employment, will help to reduce the disparity in the representation of women and men in the labor market in Ukraine. A similar effect can also be achieved by developing effective programs to support women's self-employment in small and medium-sized enterprises, encouraging participation in grant projects or social activities. These legislative and program initiatives will reduce gender inequality, vertical and horizontal segregation, and break down stereotypes about the division of spheres of life and activities into "women's" and "men's".
GIST, THE METHODOLOGY OF ESTIMATION AND MODERN TENDENCIES IN THE BANKRUPTCY OF ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE
Authors: Fuhelo Pavlina
Published: August 2021

The urgency of the topic is due to the unstable state of the economic and political situation in Ukraine, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, which increases the likelihood of bankruptcy.
Bankruptcy - the inability of the debtor recognized by the commercial court to restore its solvency through the reorganization and restructuring procedure and repay the monetary claims of creditors established in the manner prescribed by the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine other than through the liquidation procedure.
The article considers the approaches to the economic essence of bankruptcy from the point of view of domestic scholars and the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine.
The difference between the concepts of bankruptcy and insolvency is established.
Methods for predicting and determining the probability of bankruptcy are grouped as follows:
1) expert methods (Argentina method (A-score), or collapse probability estimates; Scone method; ERNST & WHINNEY method; VV Kovalev's method of qualitative analysis);
2) economic and mathematical methods (discriminant analysis; cluster analysis; classification trees; simulation modeling);
3) artificial intelligent systems (diagnostic expert systems; neural network computing systems;)
4) methods of assessing the financial condition (the system of indicators of W. Beaver; the method of diagnosing the bankruptcy of I. Blanc; the method based on the calculation of the financing ratio of illiquid assets; the model of financial equilibrium of the company J. François and I. Roman).
The probability of bankruptcy of the enterprise is estimated by means of models of Altman, Taffler, Springgate, Tereshchenko, Matviychuk, two-factor model of an estimation of probability of bankruptcy of the enterprise. The conclusion on the results of the analysis is made.
The dynamics of the number of applications in bankruptcy proceedings for the last 10 years is analyzed.
Amendments to the bankruptcy legislation in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic have been studied.
The indicators of Resolving Insolvency for the last year are considered.
Prospects for further research are to outline ways to prevent bankruptcy.
SCIENTIFIC AND CONCEPTUAL GROUNDS OF JUSTIFICATION OF THE ESSENCE OF THE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SYSTEM
Authors: Alfimova Anna
Published: August 2021

E-commerce today is the fastest growing part of the global economy. Complex processes of digitalization, which have already penetrated into all spheres of economic activity, development of information technology and the COVID-19 pandemic have had a tremendous impact on the development of this type of commerce in all developed countries. The e-commerce development in last ten years has increased in several years, the capitalization of enterprises operating in this area has also grown rapidly, and the scale of activity of some of them has spread to all countries. Thus, the above confirms the importance of new research in this area, given the scale of its operation and significant prospects for further global development.
Within the article, the nature of e-commerce using the methodology of a system approach is considered. This allowed to substantiate the basic components of this system, to determine relationships between them, to describe the motivation of the main economic agents that play a key role in the development of e-commerce. The use of the advantages of the system approach, which are also specified in the article, allowed to deepen the understanding of the composition of the outlined system, its interaction with the elements of the external environment. Thus, it is established that the e-commerce system is a system of relationships between economic agents that arise by sale, purchase of goods and services via the Internet, the implementation of other business transactions for the development of such relationships, which interacts with the elements of the environment, its function, has a single purpose of existence - to meet the demand for goods and services and to make a profit. In addition, within the article, the feasibility of additional research in the field of knowledge of individual subsystems of the e-commerce system, which reflect the relationship between certain types of economic relations in the process of buying, selling and providing goods and consuming services, is substantiated.
INFRASTRUCTURE PROVIDING OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT POLICY: THEORETICAL ASPECT
Authors: Berezhnytska Uliana
Published: August 2021

The article gives clarification of theoretical and methodological bases of infrastructure providing of the policy of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) development for adequate application of essential nature of economic category of “infrastructure” in the SME support system. This will ensure its effective functioning and, accordingly, intensify development of small and medium-sized businesses in the country. The author's vision of SME support infrastructure, its characteristic and classification in context of the main criteria’s are presented in the work.
The infrastructure of SME support is recommended to consider as a required component of public management of SME development. The paper emphasizes that the root cause of missing or inadequately functioning infrastructure is the lack of policy of regulating this area, as is observed in Ukrainian realities regarding SME development. The most successful in determining the term of “infrastructure of SME support” is technical-economic and institutional approaches, according to which it is a set of state and non-governmental institutions that provide services of assistance to SMEs in order to create favorable conditions for intensification of development, increasing efficiency and strengthening of SMEs sector, first of all at the local level. Scientific novelty is the interpretation of infrastructure institutions of SME support, regardless of the form of ownership and the main purpose of functioning, as business entities for provision services for SMEs. Such elements of infrastructure are and should be regarded as full-fledged market participants of services for SMEs, which will ensure the growth of product quality, increase competition and development of this market. The practical value of the work, in addition to systematization and streamlining of SME support infrastructure, are recommendations of the need to focus not only to formation of such infrastructure, but also to further financial, to organizational and methodological support of its elements activities, which can and should be taken into account and reflected in the relevant target budget programs.
PARADIGM FOR ESTIMATING EFFECTIVENESS OF INVESTMENTS IN UKRAINE'S ECONOMY
Authors: Lintur Inna , Petrichko Maria , Gladinets Natalia
Published: August 2021

The article considers the current conditions of the process of development and decision-making on investment. Different methods of investment efficiency assessment are described. The relevance of the use of quantum economic analysis as one of the newest methods of analysis of investment projects is studied and substantiated. In particular, it is noted that the difference between KEA and currently used concepts is that these methods are based on the analysis of accounting documents, forecast indicators, application of audit analysis and calculation of various financial ratios. However, financial calculations must be preceded by an analysis that identifies and eliminates a priori inefficient and unprofitable projects.
Determining the economic efficiency of investment projects is the most important and difficult stage of pre-investment research. The timing of the return on investment depends on how objectively and comprehensively this assessment has been carried out and, consequently, on the correct course of further action on a particular project. In turn, objectivity and comprehensiveness provide modern methods of evaluating the effectiveness of investment projects.
he methods considered by us are quite accurate, because based on simple calculations, they allow you to quickly assess the economic efficiency of investment projects, they can be used to address issues such as project profitability; determine the benefits of different versions of the project; find out how one project is more effective than another.
The foreign experience of investment efficiency assessment is studied. Based on the study of which, it was concluded that the evaluation of investment projects should be based on economic, social and environmental conditions, selected and grouped taking into account the investment objectives. When evaluating investment projects by individual criteria, it is very difficult to compare projects and evaluate them. Therefore, different criteria (economic, financial, social, environmental, etc.), and they should be combined into one generalized meaning.
CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF INTELLECTUALIZATION OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND PROCESSES AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT
Authors: Prychepa Iryna , Ruda Liliia , Adler Oksana
Published: August 2021

The conceptual principles of the intellectualization of economic processes are considered. The main characteristics of the economy, based on knowledge are determined. The modern technical and economic way, which is characterized by large-scale knowledge and information of strategic resources in the development of the global economic system are established. In the mainstream of such transformations the knowledges are the main factors of growth and economic growth in all spheres of life and government. Apparently, the education and the science will become the basic productive forces that are so-called “points of growth”. The characteristics of the economy, based on knowledge are determined. The essence of the definition of intellectualization were analyzed. The main features and characteristics of the intellectualization of the modern economy are defined. Intellectualization of activity is a factor in ensuring the development of economic entities and staff in particular. The result of the intellectualization of the enterprise is the creation of innovative products (services) with the involvement of staff (their intellectual resources), the intensification of its intellectual activity and potential. This, in turn, becomes the foundation for innovative development of the enterprise, the formation of quality competitive advantages, increasing intellectual capital and potential of employees and managers. The processes of intellectualization directly contribute to the formation and use of new approaches and models of management, focusing and directing resources to the management of knowledge and intellectual capital at different levels of enterprise management (human, structural and consumer). It was established that the intellectualization of socio-economic processes and relations is characterized by expanding the scale and increasing the efficiency of knowledge and intelligence, which is manifested in the new qualities of socio-economic systems of all types and levels. In addition, it is established that the main resources of the intellectualized economy are knowledge and information, which have their own characteristics of formation and use. The intellectualization of socio-economic systems of different levels is directly related to research and applied development, as well as the constant generation of innovative ideas and their practical implementation is justified.
Degraded forest lands and pine plantations in homogeneous ecological areas
Authors: Flores Andrés , Méndez-González J. , Muñoz-Flores H.J.
Published: August 2021

Objectives: i) to determine the total degraded areas of EZ in the country, ii) estimate the priority degraded areas for restoration planting, and iii) assess the species and planted areas of the Pinus genus and whether these were within their natural distribution range.Design/methodology/approach: total EZ degradation surfaces and priority degraded areas for restoration plantings were determined with the Germplasm Movement Zones and Restoration Zones of the Comisión Nacional Forestal (NationalForestry Commission, CONAFOR), while planted surfaces were estimated from the CONAFOR records from 2016 to 2018.Results: on degradation, it was shown that three EZ had large areas, six EZ intermediate areas and 32 EZ small areas; two degradation types (III.C and III.D) were prioritized and viable for restoration plantings; four species (23 %) were established outside their natural distribution range while ten (59 %) were within it, three species were undefined.Study limitations/implications: for restoration of areas, it is necessary to avoid high initial plant mortality and poor growth.Findings/conclusions: the north of the country has larger areas with degradation,while the center, north and south have areas with medium and low degradation; planting species outside their distribution range leads to plant adaptation problems.
Revaluation of agri-food waste to obtain bioethanol
Authors: Valerio Cárdenas Cintya , De la Cruz Burelo Patricia , Guerrero Zárate David , Montejo García Zaritma Yamilet
Published: August 2021

Objective: to produce bioethanol from the alcoholic fermentation of agri-food waste.Design/methodology/approach: food waste was collected for one month and separated into fruit and fabaceous waste; its size was reduced and then washed with hot acetone. A batch of 100 g of residue underwent acid hydrolysis with 5 %H 2 SO 4 at 125 °C, the hydrolysate was fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 30 °C for 48 h; the ferment was then distilled at 78 °C. The sugar content was determined following the phenol-sulfuric method. Brix degrees, density andpercentage w/w ethanol were measured with a densimeter.Results: from the fruit residues, an organic fraction was obtained with a total sugar content of 53.3 g/100 g of residue and 9.6 °Brix, generating 45 mL of distillate with 3.8 % w/w of bioethanol. From the fabaceae residues, an organic fraction was obtained with a total sugar content of 19.4 g and 4.140 °Brix, generating 30 mL of distillate with 2.54 % w/w of bioethanol.Study limitations/implications: Rapid decomposition of waste due to bacterial and fungal decomposition complicates long-term storage.Findings/conclusions: fermentable sugars can be obtained from the evaluated agri-food waste to obtain bioethanol. In this way, they can be integrated into the value chain as raw materials, reducing their accumulation and the environmental impact generated by their final disposal.