bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Cognitive Fog Computing for Classification of Network Cyberattacks Using Machine Learning
Authors: Deorankar A. V. , S. Thakare Shiwani
Published: November 2020

IoT is the network which connects and communicates with billions of devices through the internet and due to the massive use of IoT devices, the shared data between the devices or over the network is not confidential because of increasing growth of cyberattacks. The network traffic via loT systems is growing widely and introducing new cybersecurity challenges since these loT devices are connected to sensors that are directly connected to large-scale cloud servers. In order to reduce these cyberattacks, the developers need to raise new techniques for detecting infected loT devices. In this work, to control over this cyberattacks, the fog layer is introduced, to maintain the security of data on a cloud. Also the working of fog layer and different anomaly detection techniques to prevent the cyberattacks has been studied. The proposed AD-IoT can significantly detect malicious behavior using anomalies based on machine learning classification before distributing on a cloud layer. This work discusses the role of machine learning techniques for identifying the type of Cyberattacks. There are two ML techniques i.e. RF and MLP evaluated on the USNW-NB15 dataset. The accuracy and false alarm rate of the techniques are assessed, and the results revealed the superiority of the RF compared with MLP. The Accuracy measures by classifiers are 98 and 53 of RF and MLP respectively, which shows a huge difference and prove the RF as most efficient algorithm with binary classification as well as multi- classification.
Jinekolojik Kanserlerde Yeni Nesil DNA Dizi Analizi ile Saptanan Mutasyon Profilleri: Tek Merkez Vaka Serisi Sonuçlarımız
Authors: ŞAHİN H.öztürk , ÖZKAN Kübra , ALBUZ Burcu , SILAN Fatma
Published: November 2020

Amacımız, yaş ve aile hikayesinden bağımsız olarak merkezimizde over (OC) ve endometriyum kanseri (EC) tanısı ile cerrahisi ve ardından genetik mutasyon analizi uygulanan hastalarımızın mutasyon sıklığını ve sekanslarını araştırmaktır. Son yıllarda önleyici stratejilerin gelişimi dışında tedavi seçeneklerindeki fırsatlar ve genetik çalışmaların artışı herediter kanserlere ilgiyi arttırmıştır. En sık görülen herediter jinekolojik kanserler; herediter meme over kanseri (HBOC) ve Lynch Sendromu (LS) dur. Hastalığın düşük prevalansı, test pahalılığı ve etik sebepler popülasyon bazlı taramayı kullanışsız hale getirmektedir. Birimimizde 01.04.2018-01.10.2019 tarihleri arasında genetik araştırması yapılan 37 EC ve 15 OC tanısı almış hastamız çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. BRCA1/2 ve LS genlerini de içeren (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS 2) 25 genden oluşan geniş ailevi panel testi uygulanmıştır. Ailevi gen paneli testi yapılan 27 EC hastamızda, 1 MLH1 ve 1 ATM geninde patolojik mutasyon saptandı (%3.7 LS,%3.7 non LS). 11 hastada önemi belirsiz varyant mutasyon (VUS) görüldü (%40.7). BRCA mutasyon araştırması yapılan 20 EC’li hastamızda patolojik mutasyon saptanmadı. BRCA mutasyonu araştırılan 14 OC’lu hastamızda 3 patolojik varyant identifiye edildi ve hepsi BRCA1 genindeydi (HBOC %21,4). Ailevi kanser paneli değerlendirilen 4 OC’lu hastada 1 MSH6 ve 1 ATM geninde patolojik mutasyonlar izlendi. Over ve endometriyum kanserlerinde ailevi geniş mutasyon verilerinin çoğalması ve literatürde paylaşımı VUS oranlarını azaltacak, BRCA ve LS dışındaki genlerin jinekolojik kanserlerdeki rolünü ortaya çıkartacak ve yeni tarama algoritmalarını oluşturacaktır.
Model Prediksi Penempatan Magang Siswa SMK menggunakan Teknik Association Rule Mining
Authors: Sukma Nirad Dwi Welly , Kartika Afriyanti Dwi , Avianto Aghill Tresna , Fathurrahman Aulia Anshari
Published: November 2020

Insternship activity is one of the core activities of every Vocational School (SMK) as the purpose of this school is to conduct education at the level of work-oriented readiness. Every SMK graduate is expected to be better prepared to enter the industrial world. However, in fact there were gaps that resulted in the unpreparedness of students after graduating from school. This research identified and analyzed the placement of student internships. The aim was to find an insternship placement pattern in order to get an overview and recommendation of an appropriate internship according to students abilities. The technique used was the association rule mining, a technique of the data mining method that was useful for uncovering the rules that were correlated to each other so that they can better organize and predict the internship placements. The results showed that the association rule mining could be applied to analyze student performance and predict internship placements in the future. This prediction could be a consideration for the teacher to determine the subjects that need to be improved to prepare students for internships.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penetapan Mustahiq Zakat Usaha Produktif
Authors: Rajab Rajab , Turaina Rifa , Rahman Helzi Febri
Published: November 2020

This research was conducted at the National Amil Zakat Agency (Baznas), Solok Regency, West Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to assist Baznas officials in selecting and determining someone who is entitled to receive productive business zakat so that the zakat given is right on target. The problem that occurs is the process of selection and determination of someone who is entitled to get productive business zakat not using a computer-based decision support system so that the productive business zakat given is not yet on target. The method used in this study is the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The results of this study are an application that can help Baznas Solok District officials. This application is used to select recipients of productive business zakat and determine productive business zakat recipients based on predetermined criteria so that the recipient is in accordance with the intended target.
Algoritma K-Means Untuk Clustering Rute Perjalanan Wisata Pada Agen Tour & Travel
Authors: Irfiani Eni , Indriyani Fintri
Published: November 2020

Government support for the development of tourism has an impact on the growth of business opportunities for travel agents. Along with the advancement of the domestic travel sector, tour & travel agent business forms have sprung up that influence business competition between travel agents. The problem with tour & travel agents is the lack of information about tourist routes that are most in-demand by customers. To solve this problem the method used to classify the most desirable travel routes using the method of data mining is clustering with the K-Means algorithm. Based on the results of the study found three groups of travel routes, namely the most desirable travel routes by 20%, the trips that are in demand by 30% and less desirable trips by 50%.
Tempat Sampah Pintar Dengan Logika Fuzzy Berbasis NodeMCU
Authors: Furqan Mhd , Kurniawan Rakhmat , Br Rambe Indri Gusmita
Published: November 2020

This research aimed to design a smart dustbin. The smart dustbin was made by using ultrasonic sensors to detect the object and the volume of trash height. NodeMCU was used as data processing center, and LCD used as information output. The dustbin also using fuzzy logic to produce the volume status output of the trash height. It’s starting from empty to fully loaded. The janitor also can do re-check of the dustbin’s volume efficiently and effective through web application. Based on the testing result, the conclusion of the research is the sensor system has accuracy of precision rate of 93,4.
Gouverner les ressources génétiques. Les stratégies des acteurs face aux droits de propriété et aux règles sur l’accès et le partage des avantages
Authors: Pauchard Nicolas
Published: November 2020

En 1991, un employé du Ministère canadien de l’agriculture et de l’agroalimentaire récolte, en Chine, des semences de la plante de stévia. Il les séquence puis dépose les données obtenues sur la banque de séquences d’ADN étasunienne GenBank ®. Ces données seront utilisées, une décennie plus tard, par une entreprise de biotechnologie suisse, pour développer une souche de levure capable de sécreter, avec un meilleur rendement, l’édulcorant naturellement contenu dans la plante de stévia. Plusieurs brevets seront obtenus par la firme. En 2015, des ONG dénoncent l’appropriation de savoirs traditionnels détenus par des populations amérindiennes sur la plante de stévia, en violation des traités sur l’accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de leur utilisation (APA), à savoir la Convention sur la diversité biologique et le Protocole de Nagoya. Face à de tels processus, qui détient quels droits sur les organismes, l’ADN qu’ils contiennent, les données extraites de cet ADN et les connaissances traditionnelles ou techniques produites ? Mis en oeuvre depuis près de trente ans pour apporter une solution à ces problèmes, le régime sur l’APA peine, en pratique, à y répondre. Cet ouvrage explore les stratégies des États, des multinationales, des acteurs de la recherche publique, des institutions de conservation des ressources génétiques et des ONG, face aux droits de propriété et à ce régime sur l’APA, fragmenté, encore instable et souvent instrumentalisé. Il propose des pistes d’amélioration, en testant une proposition de régime alternatif et en formulant une série de recommandations.
ТНE GLOBAL WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF BED BUGS CIMEX LECTUARIUS L.
Authors:   Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution «Scientific Research Disinfectology Institute» of Federal Service for Supervision on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Roslavtseva S.A.
Published: November 2020

Data on the increase in the number of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) at the end of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century in highly developed countries of Europe, America and Australia and the cases of this phenomenon are given. In this review the hygienic and epidemiological significance of bed bugs is discussed. In bed bugs 25 pathogens were found: bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminthes, 5 of these pathogenic microorganisms can multiply inside them. Data on hepatitis B virus and possible infection of humans with this microorganism by inhalation make for particular interest. Attention is paid to the development of a new insecticide to combat bed bugs.
土木工程施工节能绿色环保技术研究
Authors: 任 文静 , 邱 大鹏 , 王 汶斐
Published: November 2020

近年来，和生态环境有关的社会问题比较突出，例如生态环境的破坏和过度开发不可再生的能源等等，它们引起了社会各方的注意。所有国家和各个行业都一致认为迫切需要改革现有的经济社会的发展制度和发展模式，传统的发展模式完全以经济利益为追求目标，它不再适合现代经济社会的根本需要。目前，各国正在积极促进经济社会发展方式的转变，更多的追求生态环境的保护。在土木工程项目的建造施工的过程中，虽然总的管理理念和管理方式发生了一系列的变化，但传统的管理模式仍然在很多工程项目当中沿用。由于这种传统的管理制度只是为了追求经济效益，缺乏科学性和合理性，一个过程项目的建设往往未能有效地利用生态、绿色、节能和环境保护的施工技术和材料。面对这一现实的挑战，我们必须充分认识到工程项目建设施工当中使用绿色环保节能的技术的极端重要性，找出实际工程项目施工环节存在的种种问题并提出有针对性的管理和解决的措施。
Aplikasi Lampu Penerangan Rumah Tinggal Sederhana (Solar Home System) Berbasis Tenaga Surya Di SMA Pancaran Berkat Jakarta Barat
Authors: Tambunan Juara Mangapul , Pramono Tri Joko , Sitorus Meyhart Bangkit , Aziz Hastuti , Yayi Sri , IPM Pawenary
Published: November 2020

Kegiatan pelatihan P2M ini merupakan kegiatan pelatihan aplikasi EBT (Energi Baru Terbarukan) yang dimotori oleh para Dosen dan mahasiswa STT-PLN di bidang Teknik Elektro. Pelatihan ini berguna untuk melatih siswa-siswi yang duduk dibangku sekolah menengah mengenai lampu penerangan rumah tangga serta daerah-daerah terpencil di Indonesia. Pelatihan diadakan di SMA Pancaran Berkat, Jakarta yang berlokasi di Grogol, Jakarta Barat. Tim P2M memberikan paparan tentang bagaimana merencanakan rancang bangun dan memasang solar home panel di atas atap rumah di atas bangunan menggunakan tiang dan menjelaskan fungsi kerja serta manfaatnya didalam kehidupan masyarakat. Energi surya merupakan energi alternatif yang memiliki potensi besar di Indonesia. Energi terbarukan ini telah dikembangkan dengan metode fotovoltaik yang secara umum dikenal sebagai Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya Fotovoltaik. Perencanaan pembangunan terdiri dari jumlah daya yang dibutuhkan dalam pemakaian sehari-hari, berapa besar arus yang dihasilkan solar cell panel (dalam Ampere Hour) menggunakan Solar Home System (SHS) untuk rumah tinggal sederhana. Hasil dari pemaparan Solar Home System para siswa-siswi antusias mendengar dan mendapat pengetahuan baru mengenai Energi Baru Terbarukan khususnya energi surya. Selain itu SMA Pancaran Berkat sebagai mitra mendapat nilai tambah kerja sama dengan perguruan tinggi, dalam hal ini STT-PLN.
Pemasangan Lampu Jalan dan Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Berbasis Solar Cell Sebagai Prototype Pembelajaran Energi Terbarukan Di MA Al-Khairiyah Rancaranji
Authors: Azzahra Septianissa , Samsurizal Samsurizal , Christiono Christiono , Fikri Miftahul
Published: November 2020

Renewable energy, especially solar power plants (PLTS), is now begin to develop their applications to many forms, such as: installed as a home power supply, power supply for buildings, and also as power supply for street lighting (solar street light). Madrasah Aliyah Al-Khairiyah Rancranji In this regard, as a partner, demand a socialization and a study for their students to understand more about renewable energy topics especially about solar energy. And the limited electric power is also one of the problems for this school. Therefore, PKM activity in Madrasah Aliyah Al-Khairiyah Rancaranji is a solution given by the PKM team by providing learning and an introduction of renewable energy as well as workshop and installation of PLTS and road lamps based on solar cell. Results gained after the implementation of this activity are students understand and knows about the renewable energy, its application and its benefits in daily life.
Pembangunan Aplikasi Kepegawaian untuk SD Islam Terpadu Yasir Di Cipondoh Tangerang
Authors: Djunaidi Karina , Aziza Rosida Nur , Haris Abdul , P. Renaldi Bagas
Published: November 2020

SDIT Yasir is one of the schools under the management of the Ibnu Rusydi Islamic Education Foundation in Cipondoh, Tangerang. The school that aspires to create Indonesian young generations that resemble Ibnu Rusydi has several obstacles in carrying out daily teaching and learning activities. One of the issues is the teacher and staff data management. Therefore, the PKM team from the Informatics Engineering Department IT PLN intends to help the Yasir SDIT school by designing a web-based application for handling the employees. The application can be used to manage teacher and employee data, monitor teacher and employee attendances, and provide teacher performance assessments.

 

Keywords: SDIT Yasir, PKM, Employee Information System
The relative efficacy of positively and negatively valenced road safety campaign messages in improving dangerous driving attitudes
Authors: Morrison Ben W. , Sasaki Mark , Morrison Natalie M.V.
Published: November 2020

Dangerous driving is a social problem that results in serious injuries, fatalities, and significant economic costs. Extensive research has examined the efficacy of road safety campaigns in curbing dangerous driving, however, these investigations have largely focused on negatively valenced messages. Less attention has been paid to positively valenced examples, and the role of drivers’ motivations for dangerous driving in relation to message impact. One hundred sixty licensed drivers (female, n = 120; male, n = 30; other, n = 10) completed a questionnaire that measured their current driving behaviours and their motives for driving dangerously. Drivers then viewed one of two safe driving messages (either positive or negative in valence) and provided a gauge of message impact. Finally, looking to the future, participants completed a measure of planned driving behaviour. Results revealed differences across sex in drivers’ motivations to drive dangerously, as well as their planned behavioural change after viewing the safety messages. On average, participants recorded greater response efficacy and message acceptance, and lower message rejection in the positive message group, compared to the negative message group. Further, in a separate analysis of female-only drivers, a number motivators of dangerous driving were linked to message impact from safe driving campaigns. The findings suggest that, despite the traditional dominance of negatively valenced campaigns, there may be benefit in the use of positive campaigns, and further that motivators of dangerous driving can be linked to message impact from safe driving campaigns, supporting the case for a more targeted approach in campaign design.
Risk Perceptions of Crash Related Traffic Rule Violations
Authors: Penmetsa Praveena , Pulugurtha Srinivas S.
Published: November 2020

The objective of this paper is to evaluate drivers’ risk perception toward crash related traffic rule violations and identify violations that are perceived as low risk to better educate drivers. Risk perceptions on crash related traffic rule violations was gathered from 3,593 participants as a part of Naturalistic Driving Study. The variations in risk perceptions by driver characteristics such as age, gender, education, and household income were studied. The risk perception of violating traffic rules was observed to increase with an increase in drivers’ age, except for driving under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Drivers older than 25 years perceive disregarding traffic signals as the riskiest traffic rule violation. Exceeding speed limit by 10 to 20 mph is perceived as the least risky among the considered traffic rule violations, irrespective of age, gender, education, and income level of the driver. The risk perception of disregarding traffic signals and following vehicle closely are statistically the same for both male drivers and female drivers. For all other traffic rule violations, female drivers’ risk perception is greater than male drivers’ risk perception. Participants with lower education level perceive violating traffic rules as not risky, except for DUI. Graduates or professionals with no advanced degree perceive risk of violating traffic rules greater than the average risk for the entire sample population. Dissemination of risk perception information as well as enhanced educational programs are necessary to increase awareness about the risk associated with violating traffic rules that are perceived as low risk by drivers.
Subjectivity in Road Safety and Traffic Engineering
Authors: Harris Peter
Published: November 2020

Introduction
This paper discusses subjectivity in road design guidelines, and examples of it within practice from the perspective of a professional road safety auditor.

Background
Subjectivity was alluded to when linking crash interventions and contributing factors within a recent study (Doecke et al, 2020). This paper acknowledged that subjectivity was present even amongst a panel of experts advising on a link derived from an ‘evidence base’. This inspired an examination of subjectivity within road safety and traffic engineering, how it is discussed in common road guidelines, and how it manifests within a practitioner’s assessment.
Land-based carbon drawdown for food, ecosystem and climate security
Authors: Borevitz Justin
Published: November 2020

Agriculture and ecosystems are tipping toward collapse due to land use and climate extremes. Irreversible feedbacks in the land system can lock in food insecurity, biodiversity loss and a hot house world. However regenerating agro-ecosystems is possible and can be profitable. In this talk, Prof Justin Borevitz will introduce the components of precision landscape regeneration, linking genotype, phenotype and environment, and the outsized role Australia can have in the world. The solutions are to both increase carbon capture via photosynthesis of grasses and trees and to reduce emissions from plant stress (autotrophic respiration) and soils (heterotrophic respiration). Smart farming practices including regenerative agriculture and ecosystem restoration can rebuild agro-ecosystems. This includes methods for boosting soil carbon with microbes and management. Integrating and scaling these land based solutions can build planetary health and resilience.
Distinct Age-Related Epigenetic Signatures in CD4 and CD8 T Cells
Authors: Hu Bin , Jadhav Rohit R. , Gustafson Claire E. , Le Saux Sabine , Ye Zhongde , Li Xuanying , Tian Lu , Weyand Cornelia M. , Goronzy Jörg J.
Published: November 2020

Healthy immune aging is in part determined by how well the sizes of naïve T cell compartments are being maintained with advancing age. Throughout adult life, replenishment largely derives from homeostatic proliferation of existing naïve and memory T cell populations. However, while the subpopulation composition of CD4 T cells is relatively stable, the CD8 T cell compartment undergoes more drastic changes with loss of naïve CD8 T cells and accumulation of effector T cells, suggesting that CD4 T cells are more resilient to resist age-associated changes. To determine the epigenetic basis for these differences in behaviors, we compared chromatin accessibility maps of CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets from young and old individuals and related the results to the expressed transcriptome. The dominant age-associated signatures resembled hallmarks of differentiation, which were more pronounced for CD8 naïve and memory than the corresponding CD4 T cell subsets, indicating that CD8 T cells are less able to keep cellular quiescence upon homeostatic proliferation. In parallel, CD8 T cells from old adults, irrespective of their differentiation state, displayed greater reduced accessibility to genes of basic cell biological function, including genes encoding ribosomal proteins. One possible mechanism is the reduced expression of the transcription factors YY1 and NRF1. Our data suggest that chromatin accessibility signatures can be identified that distinguish CD4 and CD8 T cells from old adults and that may confer the higher resilience of CD4 T cells to aging.
Polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo Leaves Protect Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Vitro and vivo
Authors: Ke Yang , Zhan Lianghui , Lu Tingting , Zhou Cong , Chen Xue , Dong Yingjie , Lv Guiyuan , Chen Suhong
Published: November 2020

Ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Polysaccharides separated from herbs have been shown to be effective for ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury, but whether the polysaccharides from Dendrobium officinale Kimura & Migo leaves (LDOP-1) protected mucosa from ethanol-induced injury remains unknown. Thus, the present study carried out gastric mucosal protection and the mechanism of LDOP-1 in vivo and vitro. The chemical composition of LDOP-1 was a heteropolysaccharide comprising mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose at a molar ratio of 2.0:1.1:0.7:0.5:0.4. Pharmacological results showed that LDOP-1 significantly reduced gastric mucosal injury score and pathological injury, improved antioxidant capacity, reduced the level of reactive oxygen species, and reversed the apoptosis of GES-1 in vivo and vitro. Research showed that LDOP-1 pretreatment upregulated the expression level of p-AMPK, LC3β, HO-1, and Beclin-1; downregulated the expression level of p-mTOR and p62; and reversed the expression level of caspase3, Bax, and Bcl-2. This study was the first to demonstrate that LDOP-1 could protect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and vivo.
Defect Engineering of Molybdenum-Based Materials for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Gao Xiaoliang , Zhou Guolang , Wang Hao , Yin Jingzhou , Zhang Lili , Xiao Fei , Siddharth Kumar , Zhu Shangqian , Shao Minhua
Published: November 2020

Molybdenum-based electrocatalysts have been widely applied in electrochemical energy conversion reactions. The essential roles of defects, including doping, vacancies, grain boundaries, and dislocations in improving various electrocatalytic performances have been reported. This review describes the latest development of defect engineering in molybdenum-based materials for hydrogen evolution, oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and nitrogen reduction reactions. The types of defects, preparation methods, characterization techniques, and applications of molybdenum-based defect materials are elucidated. Finally, challenges and future research directions for these types of materials are also discussed.
Modeling, Analysis and Experimental Validation of the Fuel Cell Association with DC-DC Power Converters with Robust and Anti-Windup PID Controller Design
Authors: Belhaj Fatima Zahra , El Fadil Hassan , Idrissi Zakariae El , Koundi Mohamed , Gaouzi Khawla
Published: November 2020

Based on full and rigorous study, this paper addresses the issue of ensuring a feasible association in practice between a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and DC-DC power converters including a buck and boost converter. This association is mathematically modeled, analyzed, and controlled by an optimal PID controller. Using absolute stability tools with a rigorous analytical approach that takes into consideration windup effects, in addition to the nonlinear behavior of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, sufficient conditions are provided to ensure that the closed-loop system is L2-stable. These conditions allow the optimal PID controller parameters to be chosen and ensure the closed-loop system stability, by tracking reference outputs, and an optimal performance against perturbations. Formal analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental validation were carried out to verify that the PID controller designed with an anti-windup action is robust and meets all of the pre-defined objectives. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the association between the PEMFC and the DC-DC converters is achieved if only certain conditions are met.
In Vitro Prebiotic Effects of Malto-Oligosaccharides Containing Water-Soluble Dietary Fiber
Authors: Jang Eun Yeong , Hong Ki-Bae , Chang Yeok Boo , Shin Jungcheul , Jung Eun Young , Jo Kyungae , Suh Hyung Joo
Published: November 2020

This study measured the proliferative activity of malto-oligosaccharide (MOS) as a prebiotic against Bifidobacteria, resistance to digestion in vitro, and changes during in vitro fermentation by human fecal microorganisms. It consisted of 21.74%, 18.84%, and 11.76% of maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose produced by amylase (HATT), respectively. When 1% of MOS was added to a modified PYF medium as the carbon source, proliferation of Bifidobacterium breve was increased significantly. During the in vitro digestion test, MOS was partially degraded by intestinal enzymes. Fermentation characteristics by human fecal microorganisms were evaluated by adding 1% galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), as well as 1% and 2% MOS as carbon sources to the basal medium, respectively. In comparison with the addition of 1% of MOS and GOS, the total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) content increased over time when 2% of MOS was added. The species diversity and richness of intestinal microbiota increased significantly with 2% MOS compared to those with 1% GOS. In addition, the 2% addition of MOS reduced intestinal pathobiont microorganisms and increased commensal microorganisms including Bifidobacterium genus. Collectively, MOS produced by amylase increased the SCFA production and enhanced the growth of beneficial bacteria during in vitro fermentation by human fecal microbiota.
Synthesis, In Silico Prediction and In Vitro Evaluation of Antitumor Activities of Novel Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine, Xanthine and Lumazine Derivatives
Authors: El-Kalyoubi Samar , Agili Fatimah
Published: November 2020

Ethyl 5-arylpyridopyrimidine-6-carboxylates 3a–d were prepared as a one pot three component reaction via the condensation of different aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate with 6-amino-1-benzyluracil 1a under reflux condition in ethanol. Additionally, condensation of ethyl 2-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) acetoacetate with 6-amino-1-benzyluracil in DMF afforded 6-acetylpyridopyrimidine-7-one 3e; a facile, operationally, simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of 8-arylxanthines 6a–f is reported by refluxing 5,6-diaminouracil 4 with aromatic aldehydes in DMF. Moreover, 6-aryllumazines 7a–d was obtained via the reaction of 5,6-diaminouracil with the appropriate aromatic aldehydes in triethyl orthoformate under reflux condition. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and mass spectra) and elemental analyses. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anticancer activity against lung cancer A549 cell line. Furthermore, a molecular-docking study was employed to determine the possible mode of action of the synthesized compounds against a group of proteins highly implicated in cancer progression, especially lung cancer. Docking results showed that compounds 3b, 6c, 6d, 6e, 7c and 7d were the best potential docked compounds against most of the tested proteins, especially CDK2, Jak2, and DHFR proteins. These results are in agreement with cytotoxicity results, which shed a light on the promising activity of these novel six heterocyclic derivatives for further investigation as potential chemotherapeutics.
Industrial Applications of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Greer Adam J. , Jacquemin Johan , Hardacre Christopher
Published: November 2020

Since their conception, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated for an extensive range of applications including in solvent chemistry, catalysis, and electrochemistry. This is due to their designation as designer solvents, whereby the physiochemical properties of an IL can be tuned for specific applications. This has led to significant research activity both by academia and industry from the 1990s, accelerating research in many fields and leading to the filing of numerous patents. However, while ILs have received great interest in the patent literature, only a limited number of processes are known to have been commercialised. This review aims to provide a perspective on the successful commercialisation of IL-based processes, to date, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of ILs in industry.
Biomimetic Alginate/Gelatin Cross-Linked Hydrogels Supplemented with Polyphosphate for Wound Healing Applications
Authors: Wang Shunfeng , Wang Xiaohong , Neufurth Meik , Tolba Emad , Schepler Hadrian , Xiao Shichu , Schröder Heinz C. , Müller Werner E. G.
Published: November 2020

In the present study, the fabrication of a biomimetic wound dressing that mimics the extracellular matrix, consisting of a hydrogel matrix composed of non-oxidized and periodate-oxidized marine alginate, was prepared to which gelatin was bound via Schiff base formation. Into this alginate/oxidized-alginate-gelatin hydrogel, polyP was stably but reversibly integrated by ionic cross-linking with Zn2+ ions. Thereby, a soft hybrid material is obtained, consisting of a more rigid alginate scaffold and porous structures formed by the oxidized-alginate-gelatin hydrogel with ionically cross-linked polyP. Two forms of the Zn-polyP-containing matrices were obtained based on the property of polyP to form, at neutral pH, a coacervate—the physiologically active form of the polymer. At alkaline conditions (pH 10), it will form nanoparticles, acting as a depot that is converted at pH 7 into the coacervate phase. Both polyP-containing hydrogels were biologically active and significantly enhanced cell growth/viability and attachment/spreading of human epidermal keratinocytes compared to control hydrogels without any adverse effect on reconstructed human epidermis samples in an in vitro skin irritation test system. From these data, we conclude that polyP-containing alginate/oxidized-alginate-gelatin hydrogels may provide a suitable regeneratively active matrix for wound healing for potential in vivo applications.
Optimization and Characterization of Mesoporous Sulfonated Carbon Catalyst and Its Application in Modeling and Optimization of Acetin Production
Authors: Nda-Umar Usman Idris , Ramli Irmawati , Muhamad Ernee Noryana , Azri Norsahida , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin
Published: November 2020

In this study, an optimized mesoporous sulfonated carbon (OMSC) catalyst derived from palm kernel shell biomass was developed using template carbonization and subsequent sulfonation under different temperatures and time conditions. The OMSC catalyst was characterized using acid-base titration, elemental analysis, XRD, Raman, FTIR, XPS, TPD-NH3, TGA-DTA, SEM, and N2 adsorption–desorption analysis to reveal its properties. Results proved that the OMSC catalyst is mesoporous and amorphous in structure with improved textural, acidic, and thermal properties. Both FTIR and XPS confirmed the presence of -SO3H, -OH, and -COOH functional groups on the surface of the catalyst. The OMSC catalyst was found to be efficient in catalyzing glycerol conversion to acetin via an acetylation reaction with acetic acid within a short period of 3 h. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a two-level, three-factor, face-centered central composite design, was used to optimize the reaction conditions. The results showed that the optimized temperature, glycerol-to-acetic acid mole ratio, and catalyst load were 126 °C, 1:10.4, and 0.45 g, respectively. Under these optimum conditions, 97% glycerol conversion (GC) and selectivities of 4.9, 27.8, and 66.5% monoacetin (MA), diacetin (DA), and triacetin (TA), respectively, were achieved and found to be close to the predicted values. Statistical analysis showed that the regression model, as well as the model terms, were significant with the predicted R2 in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R2 (<0.2). The OMSC catalyst maintained excellent performance in GC for the five reaction cycles. The selectivity to TA, the most valuable product, was not stable until the fourth cycle, attributable to the leaching of the acid sites.
Carbohydrate Hydrolase-Inhibitory Activity of Juice-Based Phenolic Extracts in Correlation to Their Anthocyanin/Copigment Profile
Authors: Berger Kirsten , Ostberg-Potthoff Johanna Josefine , Bakuradze Tamara , Winterhalter Peter , Richling Elke
Published: November 2020

Red fruits and their juices are rich sources of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins. Some studies have shown that such polyphenols can inhibit enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, that indirectly regulate blood sugar levels. The presented study examined the in vitro inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase of various phenolic extracts prepared from direct juices, concentrates, and purees of nine different berries which differ in their anthocyanin and copigment profile. Generally, the extracts with the highest phenolic content—aronia (67.7 ± 3.2 g GAE/100 g; cyanidin 3-galactoside; chlorogenic acid), pomegranate (65.7 ± 7.9 g GAE/100 g; cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside; punicalin), and red grape (59.6 ± 2.5 g GAE/100 g; malvidin 3-glucoside; quercetin 3-glucuronide)—showed also one of the highest inhibitory activities against α-amylase (326.9 ± 75.8 μg/mL; 789.7 ± 220.9 μg/mL; 646.1 ± 81.8 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (115.6 ± 32.5 μg/mL; 127.8 ± 20.1 μg/mL; 160.6 ± 68.4 μg/mL) and, partially, were even more potent inhibitors than acarbose (441 ± 30 μg/mL; 1439 ± 85 μg/mL). Additionally, the investigation of single anthocyanins and glycosylated flavonoids demonstrated a structure- and size-dependent inhibitory activity. In the future in vivo studies are envisaged.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of HMF under Solar Irradiation: Coupling of Microemulsion and Lyophilization to Obtain Innovative TiO2-Based Materials
Authors: Allegri Alessandro , Maslova Valeriia , Blosi Magda , Costa Anna Luisa , Ortelli Simona , Basile Francesco , Albonetti Stefania
Published: November 2020

The photocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived building blocks such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a promising reaction for obtaining valuable chemicals and the efficient long-term storage of solar radiation. In this work, we developed innovative TiO2-based materials capable of base-free HMF photo-oxidation in water using simulated solar irradiation. The materials were prepared by combining microemulsion and spray-freeze drying (SFD), resulting in highly porous systems with a large surface area. The effect of titania/silica composition and the presence of gold-copper alloy nanoparticles on the properties of materials as well as photocatalytic performance were evaluated. Among the lab-synthesized photocatalysts, Ti15Si85 SFD and Au3Cu1/Ti15Si85 SFD achieved the higher conversions, while the best selectivity was observed for Au3Cu1/Ti15Si85 SFD. The tests with radical scavengers for both TiO2-m and Au3Cu1/Ti15Si85 SFD suggested that primary species responsible for the selective photo-oxidation of HMF are photo-generated electrons and/or superoxide radicals.
Synthesis of Novel 2-(Pyridin-2-yl) Pyrimidine Derivatives and Study of Their Anti-Fibrosis Activity
Authors: Gu Yi-Fei , Zhang Yue , Yue Feng-li , Li Shao-tong , Zhang Zhuo-qi , Li Jing , Bai Xu
Published: November 2020

A pyrimidine moiety exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities has been employed in the design of privileged structures in medicinal chemistry. To prepare libraries of novel heterocyclic compounds with potential biological activities, a series of novel 2-(pyridin-2-yl) pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated against immortalized rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6). Fourteen compounds were found to present better anti-fibrotic activities than Pirfenidone and Bipy55′DC. Among them, compounds ethyl 6-(5-(p-tolylcarbamoyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)nicotinate (12m) and ethyl 6-(5-((3,4-difluorophenyl)carbamoyl)pyrimidin-2-yl)nicotinate (12q) show the best activities with IC50 values of 45.69 μM and 45.81 μM, respectively. Furthermore, the study of anti-fibrosis activity was evaluated by Picro-Sirius red staining, hydroxyproline assay and ELISA detection of Collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) protein expression. Our study showed that compounds 12m and 12q effectively inhibited the expression of collagen, and the content of hydroxyproline in cell culture medium in vitro, indicating that compounds 12m and 12q might be developed the novel anti-fibrotic drugs.
Dimeric and Multimeric DNA Aptamers for Highly Effective Protein Recognition
Authors: Riccardi Claudia , Napolitano Ettore , Musumeci Domenica , Montesarchio Daniela
Published: November 2020

Multivalent interactions frequently occur in biological systems and typically provide higher binding affinity and selectivity in target recognition than when only monovalent interactions are operative. Thus, taking inspiration by nature, bivalent or multivalent nucleic acid aptamers recognizing a specific biological target have been extensively studied in the last decades. Indeed, oligonucleotide-based aptamers are suitable building blocks for the development of highly efficient multivalent systems since they can be easily modified and assembled exploiting proper connecting linkers of different nature. Thus, substantial research efforts have been put in the construction of dimeric/multimeric versions of effective aptamers with various degrees of success in target binding affinity or therapeutic activity enhancement. The present review summarizes recent advances in the design and development of dimeric and multimeric DNA-based aptamers, including those forming G-quadruplex (G4) structures, recognizing different key proteins in relevant pathological processes. Most of the designed constructs have shown improved performance in terms of binding affinity or therapeutic activity as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anticancer agents and their number is certainly bound to grow in the next future.
NMR Study of Intercalates and Grafted Organic Derivatives of H2La2Ti3O10
Authors: Shelyapina Marina G. , Silyukov Oleg I. , Lushpinskaia Irina P. , Kurnosenko Sergey A. , Mazur Anton S. , Shenderovich Ilya G. , Zvereva Irina A.
Published: November 2020

The protonated perovskite-like titanate H2La2Ti3O10 has been used to produce organic-inorganic hybrids with simple organic molecules: methylamine, methanol, monoethanolamine, and n-butylamine. The optimal pathways for the preparation of such hybrids are summarized. Solid-state NMR, combined with thermal analysis, Raman, and IR spectroscopy, has been applied to determine the bonding type in the obtained organic-inorganic hybrids. It has been found that, in the methanolic hybrid, the organic residues are covalently bound to the inorganic matrix. In contrast, in the methylamine and n-butylamine hybrids, the organic molecules are intercalated into the inorganic matrix in cationic forms. The structure of the monoethanolamine hybrid is composite and includes both the covalently bound and intercalated organic species.
Mahonia aquifolium Extracts Promote Doxorubicin Effects against Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells In Vitro
Authors: Damjanović Ana , Kolundžija Branka , Matić Ivana Z. , Krivokuća Ana , Zdunić Gordana , Šavikin Katarina , Janković Radmila , Stanković Jelena Antić , Stanojković Tatjana P.
Published: November 2020

Mahonia aquifolium and its secondary metabolites have been shown to have anticancer potential. We performed MTT, scratch, and colony formation assays; analyzed cell cycle phase distribution and doxorubicin uptake and retention with flow cytometry; and detected alterations in the expression of genes involved in the formation of cell–cell interactions and migration using quantitative real-time PCR following treatment of lung adenocarcinoma cells with doxorubicin, M. aquifolium extracts, or their combination. MTT assay results suggested strong synergistic effects of the combined treatments, and their application led to an increase in cell numbers in the subG1 phase of the cell cycle. Both extracts were shown to prolong doxorubicin retention time in cancer cells, while the application of doxorubicin/extract combination led to a decrease in MMP9 expression. Furthermore, cells treated with doxorubicin/extract combinations were shown to have lower migratory and colony formation potentials than untreated cells or cells treated with doxorubicin alone. The obtained results suggest that nontoxic M. aquifolium extracts can enhance the activity of doxorubicin, thus potentially allowing the application of lower doxorubicin doses in vivo, which may decrease its toxic effects in normal tissues.
Co-Administration of Fendiline Hydrochloride Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Cisplatin in Neuroblastoma Treatment
Authors: Brizzolara Antonella , Garbati Patrizia , Vella Serena , Calderoni Matilde , Quattrone Alessandro , Tonini Gian Paolo , Capasso Mario , Longo Luca , Barbieri Raffaella , Florio Tullio , Pagano Aldo
Published: November 2020

Despite significant improvement of neuroblastoma (NB) patients’ survival due to recent treatment advancements in recent years, NB is still associated with high mortality rate. In search of novel strategies to increase NB’s susceptibility to pharmacological treatments, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of fendiline hydrochloride as an enhancer of cisplatin antitumor activity. To assess the modulation of fendiline treatment on cisplatin responses, we used in vitro (evaluating NB cell proliferation by XCELLigence technology and colony formation, and gene expression by RT-PCR) and in vivo (NB cell grafts in NOD-SCID mice) models of NB. NB cell treatment with fendiline induced the expression of the ncRNA NDM29, leading to cell differentiation and to the reduction of the expression of MDRs/ABC transporters linked to multidrug resistance. These events were correlated to higher NB cell susceptibility to cisplatin and, consequently, increased its cytotoxic potency. In vivo, this drug interaction causes an enhanced ability of cisplatin to induce apoptosis in NB masses, resulting in tumor growth reduction and prolonged animal survival rate. Thus, the administration of fendiline might be a possible novel therapeutic approach to increase cisplatin efficacy in aggressive and poorly responsive NB cases.
In-Situ Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocomposites in the Si-Ti-N and Si-Ti-C Systems
Authors: Balestrat Maxime , Lale Abhijeet , Bezerra André Vinícius Andrade , Proust Vanessa , Awin Eranezhuth Wasan , Machado Ricardo Antonio Francisco , Carles Pierre , Kumar Ravi , Gervais Christel , Bernard Samuel
Published: November 2020

The pyrolysis (1000 °C) of a liquid poly(vinylmethyl-co-methyl)silazane modified by tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium in flowing ammonia, nitrogen and argon followed by the annealing (1000–1800 °C) of as-pyrolyzed ceramic powders have been investigated in detail. We first provide a comprehensive mechanistic study of the polymer-to-ceramic conversion based on TG experiments coupled with in-situ mass spectrometry and ex-situ solid-state NMR and FTIR spectroscopies of both the chemically modified polymer and the pyrolysis intermediates. The pyrolysis leads to X-ray amorphous materials with chemical bonding and ceramic yields controlled by the nature of the atmosphere. Then, the structural evolution of the amorphous network of ammonia-, nitrogen- and argon-treated ceramics has been studied above 1000 °C under nitrogen and argon by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. HRTEM images coupled with XRD confirm the formation of nanocomposites after annealing at 1400 °C. Their unique nanostructural feature appears to be the result of both the molecular origin of the materials and the nature of the atmosphere used during pyrolysis. Samples are composed of an amorphous Si-based ceramic matrix in which TiNxCy nanocrystals (x + y = 1) are homogeneously formed “in situ” in the matrix during the process and evolve toward fully crystallized compounds as TiN/Si3N4, TiNxCy (x + y = 1)/SiC and TiC/SiC nanocomposites after annealing to 1800 °C as a function of the atmosphere.
Design of Photosensitizing Agents for Targeted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Klausen Maxime , Ucuncu Muhammed , Bradley Mark
Published: November 2020

Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms has gained substantial attention due to its unique mode of action, in which pathogens are unable to generate resistance, and due to the fact that it can be applied in a minimally invasive manner. In photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) is activated by a specific wavelength of light and generates highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2−, type-I mechanism) or singlet oxygen (1O2*, type-II mechanism). Although it offers many advantages over conventional treatment methods, ROS-mediated microbial killing is often faced with the issues of accessibility, poor selectivity and off-target damage. Thus, several strategies have been employed to develop target-specific antimicrobial PDT (aPDT). This includes conjugation of known PS building-blocks to either non-specific cationic moieties or target-specific antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, or combining them with targeting nanomaterials. In this review, we summarise these general strategies and related challenges, and highlight recent developments in targeted aPDT.