bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods of determining hydrodynamic bending moments having effect on ship shaft
Authors: Kushner Guriy Alekseevich , Mamontov Victor Andreevich , Volkov Dmitry Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2020

The paper considers the problem of engineering systems design in modern shipbuilding, which is based on using the computer-aided design systems. In today’s environment, not all engineering calculations can be implemented in the form of an algorithm for a specific design procedure. One of these calculations is determining the resonant frequency of transverse vibrations of a ship shaft line. Analyzing the parameters of such a dynamic system is a serious task even at the stage of preliminary design. The urgent task in the design and strength calculations of the shaft line is to calculate the hydrodynamic bending moments resulting from the operation of the propeller in an uneven velocity field. There has been presented a software implementation of the semi-empirical methodology for determining the hydrodynamic bending moments acting on ship shaft lines. The main principles of the methodology, the initial data on the vessel hull, and the quantities characterizing the operating mode of the propeller are described. There is proposed a sequence and software implementation of the method for determining hydrodynamic bending moments in the environment of Maple computer algebra. The problem of representing empirical data in the form of bilinear interpolation and interpolation polynomial is solved. The results of a numerical experiment to determine the constant and amplitude values of the hydrodynamic bending moments for shaft shafts of full-scale vessels are presented. The software implementation of the technique proposed made it possible to automate the process of determining external forces in the calculations of the cyclic strength of the propeller shaft at the early stages of the design of the vessel. The research results are in addition to existing automation tools.
Violencia homo-lesbo-transfóbica a nivel familiar y COVID-19 en Uruguay
Authors: Gelpi Gonzalo Iván , Silvera Barreiro Natalia
Published: August 2020

En este artículo se busca reflexionar sobre la prevalencia de situaciones de violencia homo-lesbo-transfóbica en el ámbito familiar, dirigida hacia adolescentes y jóvenes autoidentificados como LGBT, en el marco de la actual emergencia sanitaria a causa de la pandemia de COVID-19 en Uruguay. En base a la experiencia clínica que se generó al ofrecer una prestación específica COVID-19, en un servicio universitario de atención psicológica para personas LGBT residentes en Uruguay, se confirma la hipótesis de que realizar una cuarentena en un contexto hostil hacia la diversidad sexo-genérica es un factor de riesgo para la salud integral de adolescentes y de jóvenes LGBT.
Consumers’ experiences of appropriate sales interaction – a speech code theory perspective
Authors: Koponen Jonna , Julkunen Saara
Published: August 2020

Little is known about what kind of salesperson-consumer interaction is valued in different cultures. We explore the influence of national speech culture in sales-related communication in business-to-consumer (B2C) environments. We apply speech codes theory to identify the B2C context-specific speech codes attached to the sales-related communication described in consumers’ narratives. The results inform three discourses among sales-related communication: consumer orientation, professionalism and independency. The results suggest that independency, fact-oriented talk, and consumer-oriented communication are central speech codes related to the B2C sales context in Finland. Furthermore, the results describe a cultural norm for appropriate sales-related communication.
Koenen, Erik (Hrsg.) (2016): Die Entdeckung der Kommunikationswissenschaft. 100 Jahre kommunikationswissenschaftliche Fachtradition in Leipzig: Von der Zeitungskunde zur Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft.
Authors: Meißner Mike
Published: August 2020

Koenen, Erik (Hrsg.) (2016): Die Entdeckung der Kommunikationswissenschaft. 100 Jahre kommunikationswissenschaftliche Fachtradition in Leipzig: Von der Zeitungskunde zur Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft. Theorie und Geschichte der Kommunikationswissenschaft, Band 14. Köln: Herbert von Halem. ISSN 1865-3367.Der von Erik Koenen herausgegebene Band, der im Kontext des hundertjährigen Jubiläums des Leipziger Instituts für Kommunikations- und Medienwissenschaft (IfKMW) entstanden ist, zeichnet auf einer ersten Ebene die organisatorische Entwicklung des Instituts nach. Auf einer zweiten Ebene wird die Bedeutung des Leipziger Standortes für die Institutionalisierung der Kommunikationswissenschaft in Deutschland und im deutschsprachigen Raum hervorgehoben. Die acht Beiträge, die klassisch chronologisch angeordnet sind, werden von gleich zwei Vorworten (Sonja Ganguin/Hans-Jörg Stiehler, Oliver Quiring), einer Einführung sowie einer Instituts- Chronik gerahmt. Der eilige Leser ist gut beraten, den Beitrag «Überblick und Einführung» von Erik Koenen zu lesen, in dem die Institutsgeschichte knapp dargestellt wird und die Erkenntnisse der anderen Beiträge jeweils sehr gut eingebettet sind.
Issue information
Authors: Communication Sciences Studies in
Published: August 2020

SComS is an international open access journal of communication research that is jointly edited by the Swiss Association of Communication and Media Research (SACMR) and the Faculty of Communication Sciences of the Università della Svizzera italiana (USI Lugano). It is published twice a year with the support of the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAHS).SComS aims to build bridges between different research cultures, and publishes high-quality original articles in English, German, French, and Italian. As a general forum for communication scholarship, the journal is especially interested in research that crosses disciplinary boundaries.
Mark Epstein, Fulvio Orsitto, & Andrea Righi (Ed., 2017). TOTalitarian ARTs: The Visual Arts, Fascism(s) and Mass-society
Authors: Bragato Stefano
Published: August 2020

Questo volume presenta venti studi sul tema del rapporto tra totalitarismo e arte nelle società di massa, tracciando un percorso che va dai fascismi storici (Italia, Germania, Spagna, etc.) fino alla codificazione della cifra totalitaria della società consumistica contemporanea (con i suoi attori, le sue strategie, i suoi mezzi di autopreservazione), passando attraverso la riflessione teorica dell’esperienza totalitaria da parte di artisti e intellettuali (tra cui Pasolini, Moravia, Bertolucci, Làzaga, Somuncu). Il tema è osservato su molteplici campi temporali (le varie fasi storiche del Novecento e degli anni Duemila), geografici (Europa, Stati Uniti, America Latina) e teorici: le sei sezioni in cui è suddiviso il volume si compongono di singoli saggi che offrono affondi puntuali su questioni specifiche, contribuendo così a costruire una costellazione di casi studio che tracciano infine una completa e dettagliata mappa generale della questione.
Editorial
Authors: Häussler Tom , Salerno Sébastien
Published: August 2020

This issue of Studies in Communication Sciences (SComS) brings you a general section, two thematic sections – one on political communication and one on storytelling and journalism – as well as news about changes in the editorial team. Geographically, the different contributions in this issue cover China, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Two studies use a comparative design and two focus on different aspects of online communication. Taken together, the contributions in this volume are evidence of the work and the engagement of a vibrant research community, and they also show that SComS adds a distinct European voice to the communication research community, while retaining a cosmopolitan attitude.
Journalists in Switzerland: Structures and attitudes revisited
Authors: Dingerkus Filip , Dubied Annik , Keel Guido , Sacco Vittoria , Wyss Vinzenz
Published: August 2020

It is often stated that journalism and the media are going through some fundamental changes. In this article, we present a description of the journalists in Switzerland, based on a nation-wide survey conducted in 2015. This data gives a quantitative description of journalists in Switzerland. Furthermore, this article makes comparison between various groups of journalists, for example between the different language regions in Switzerland, in order to give a differentiated picture of who the journalists are, what their working situation looks like and how they perceive their own professional role in society.
Journalismus aus erzähltheoretischer Perspektive
Authors: Renner Karl N.
Published: August 2020

The essay demonstrates how the narratological theories developed in the field of literary studies can accomplish a better comprehension of journalistic narratives. As they have to accommodate the principles of journalism, these narratives have to be true, topical and impartial. From this point of view storytelling and the inverted-pyramid principle prove themselves as two complementary approaches of journalistic narration, whose stories are all constructed on the basis of real world occurrences and the ideologies of the diverse societies. Storytelling is enabling the communication of individual experience and the inverted-pyramid principle is supporting the narrative construction of future-open macro stories. Der Aufsatz zeigt am Beispiel der Zeitungsberichterstattung über die Guttenberg-Affäre 2011, wie die literaturwissenschaftliche Erzähltheorie zum besseren Verständnis des journalistischen Erzählens beitragen kann. Da dieses Erzählen den Anforderungen des Journalismus Rechnung tragen muss, müssen journalistische Erzählungen wahr, aktuell und unparteiisch sein. In diesem Zusammenhang erweisen sich Storytelling und Leadprinzip als zwei komplementäre Verfahren des journalistischen Erzählens, dessen Geschichten ausgehend von den Geschehnissen der realen Welt und den Weltbildern der jeweiligen Gesellschaften konstruiert werden. Dabei unterstützen das Storytelling die Vermittlung individueller Erfahrungen und das Leadprinzip die Erzählung zukunftsoffener Makrogeschichten.
Communicating seduction. Luxury fashion advertisements in video campaigns
Authors: Von Wachenfeldt Paula
Published: August 2020

This study examines the different themes of communication that take place in video ad campaigns deriving from the French luxury fashion houses Louis Vuitton, Dior, Chanel, Cartier and Hermès. By using semiology as a method we were able to recognize the themes of adventure, seduction, love and play in the videos. This study explores also how the myth becomes an important meaning-maker of the luxury commodity and fills it with sensations and pleasure. Unlike all other ads, we could see that the meaning of luxury in the Hermès’ ones was not directly connected to the objects per se but to the experience of human senses in contact with nature. We could further conclude that the visual communication of the ads has no need to be logical as long as it can seduce with its positive signs. The object of luxury constitutes a strong communication tool helping the viewer to discover new places, to fall in love, to create magic and to experience the amusement of play. Embedded in recognizable social narratives, the objects in the moving image are provided with a seductive meaning able to support the eternal myth of luxury.
Key challenges for the fashion industry in tackling climate change
Authors: Hibberd Matthew
Published: August 2020

The global rise in the earth’s surface temperature in coming decades will bring with it increased instances of flooding, drought and volatile weather patterns. One of the main industries affected is fashion, which is responsible for some 5% of current global carbon emissions (Bauck, 2017). There is common acknowledgement that every stage in the production of garments for the fashion world creates pollution and emission problems: from sourcing and use of scarce water resources in the production of cotton, to farming processes in the production of leather, from the use of industrial dyes and synthetic textile fibres to the need for ships, planes and lorries to transport the final product globally. This article explores the main challenges facing the fashion industry from climate change. The main argument of this essay is that fashion has grown to be a key exemplar industry of global capitalism, often being associated with the positive and negatives excesses of globalisation. It is also therefore seen as one of the key industries responsible for climate change causing much reflection within the industry as to how this key issue should be tackled. On the plus side, the fashion industry can capitalize on its modern high-profile status to bring real attention to climate change issues through publicity and media attention. The global scale of clothing manufacturing and distribution, and the pollution it helps to create, has led many in the industry to seek ways to promote climate change initiatives in the industry. This aspiration, though, is a most difficult one in an industry with complex global production and distribution chains and one which is so embedded in modern consumer culture, often blamed for the worsening environment degradation worldwide.
Fashion influencers and Instagram. A quasi-perfect binomial
Authors: González Fernández Cristina , Martínez-Sanz Raquel
Published: August 2020

Influencers, thanks to their ability to connect with the public, have revolutionized brand communication making it less invasive and at the same time attractive and dynamic. This research explores the behavior followed by the main Spanish fashion followers, focusing on the strategies and resources used in their communication through Instagram profiles. The gradual incorporation of men into this sector requires identifying whether the publication of habits in this social network vary or not with respect to the author’s gender. In addition, compliance with Spanish legislation on advertising is monitored, which obliges the authors to explicitly indicate any message that promotes a product or service from a contractual agreement.
Political communication in and about crises – Introduction to the Thematic Section
Authors: Metag Julia , Dalmus Caroline
Published: August 2020

The financial crisis in Europe and the United States, the war in Syria, the refugee crisis, and terrorist attacks – crises seem to permeate everyday life and make headlines. Crisis as a central, persistent element of modern life has been the subject of scholarly discussions in various disciplines. Political communication research approaches crisis from two different angles. First, political crisis communication research deals with communication about political crises, such as political upheavals, protests, and subversions of governments and presidents. One of the most recent examples of a political crisis comes from Venezuela, where political changes and problems, such as corruption and undemocratic governance, have brought about economic problems (hyperinflation), a rising crime rate, hunger, and disease. Second, many other types of crises involve political communication because they also lead to policy reactions or at least discussion on their political aspects. For example, natural disasters typically provoke public discussion on the roles of political organizations and actors before, during, and after these disasters and the consequences for policy.
How populist crisis rhetoric affects voters in Switzerland
Authors: Wirz Dominique Stefanie , Wettstein Martin , Schulz Anne , Ernst Nicole , Schemer Christian , Wirth Werner
Published: August 2020

Right-wing populism has a long tradition in Switzerland. Nevertheless, only little is known about how populist messages in the media contribute to the success of the Swiss People’s Party (SVP) and to the acceptance of the party’s anti-immigration policies. In this study, we combine data from a large media content analysis (including newspapers and TV news shows) with data from a panel-survey in order to address this research gap. Thereby we differentiate between effects driven by the content and the form of right-wing populist communication. While right-wing populist content depicts immigrants and the political elite as a threat to the Swiss people, populist style evokes the sense of a crisis by emotionalizing and dramatizing the message. Populist style is therefore assumed to increase the persuasiveness of populist claims. The results of this study suggest that this is the case only for some voters, while it backfires for others.
Political communication in and about crises. Potentials of a fragmented field
Authors: Udris Linards
Published: August 2020

While there is growing interest in political crises in political communication research, crisis has not yet become a meaningful concept. Also, research tends to be reactive, which is suggested by an analysis of when and how the “crisis” label occurred in Swiss media from 2000 to 2018 and how recent scholarship examines political crises. This commentary gives an overview of different research areas within this fragmented “crisis” field and discusses a nuanced concept of crises that is more sensitive to the causes and dynamics of communicatively constructed crises on the macro level. It argues that a more systematic, more comparative and more macro-oriented research on political crises will help reduce the reactive nature of the field and enhance its public relevance.
Survey Nonresponse Trends and Fieldwork Effort in the 21st Century: Results of an International Study across Countries and Surveys
Authors: Luiten Annemieke , Hox Joop , de Leeuw Edith
Published: August 2020

For more than three decades, declining response rates have been of concern to both survey methodologists and practitioners. Still, international comparative studies have been scarce. In one of the first international trend analyses for the period 1980–1997, De Leeuw and De Heer (2002) describe that response rates declined over the years and that countries differed in response rates and nonresponse trends. In this article, we continued where De Leeuw and De Heer (2002) stopped, and present trend data for the next period 1998–2015 from National Statistical Institutes. When we looked at trends over time in this new data set, we found that response rates are still declining over the years. Furthermore, nonresponse trends do differ over countries, but not over surveys. Some countries show a steeper decline in response than others, but all types of surveys show the same downward trend. The differences in (non)response trends over countries can be partly explained by differences in survey design between the countries. Finally, for some countries cost indicators were available, these showed that costs increased over the years and are negatively correlated with noncontact rates.
Assessing Interviewer Performance in Approaching Reissued Initial Nonrespondents
Authors: Peeters Laurie , De Coninck David , Wuyts Celine , Loosveldt Geert
Published: August 2020

Nonresponse is a repeatedly reported concern in survey research. In this article, we investigate the technique of reissuing nonrespondents to another interviewer and attempting to convert them into respondents, using data of Rounds 7 and 8 of the European Social Survey (ESS) in Belgium. The results show no marked differences between respondents interviewed by the more and the less successful interviewers, indicating that the latter are not more successful in persuading more reluctant respondents to participate. Sample units that were unsuccessfully approached in the initial phase by an interviewer with a high response rate are more difficult to convert during the reissue phase. Sample units that were unsuccessfully approached in the initial phase by an interviewer with a low response rate are easier to convert during the reissue phase.
PENENTUAN ATRIBUT MUTU UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK MINUMAN COKELAT BUBUK BERDASARKAN TINGKAT KEBUTUHAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Revulaningtyas Ika Restu , Norsita Diklusari Isnarosi
Published: August 2020

Pengembangan produk minuman cokelat bubuk merupakan salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan aspek nilai tambah biji kakao. Pengembangan produk tersebut harus diimbangi kemampuan produsen dalam menterjemahkan tingkat kebutuhan konsumen. Tujuan penentuan atribut mutu minuman cokelat bubuk adalah produsen dapat merancang produk yang dapat diterima dan sesuai dengan preferensi konsumen. Penentuan tingkat kebutuhan konsumen merupakan suatu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan kualitas desain produk berdasarkan prioritas kebutuhan konsumen. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan analisis terhadap 6 atribut mutu minuman cokelat bubuk, antara lain rasa cokelat, rasa manis, rasa pahit, warna, aroma, dan kekentalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa atribut rasa cokelat, aroma, dan kekentalan merupakan atribut mutu produk minuman cokelat bubuk yang dianggap paling penting oleh konsumen. Atribut rasa cokelat, aroma, dan kekentalan berpengaruh positif terhadap penilaian konsumen terhadap atribut mutu produk minuman cokelat bubuk secara keseluruhan.
EVALUASI KINERJA PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN KECAMATAN BALONGPANGGANG KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Nurdyawati Resya , Soedarto Teguh , Sumartono Sumartono
Published: August 2020

Penyuluh pertanian sangat penting untuk mendorong dan menggerakkan petani dalam melakukan usahataninya agar lebih efisien dan efektif serta membangun dan menghasilkan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang berkualitas. Pentingnya peranan penyuluh menyebabkan penyuluh pertanian mendapatkan perhatian lebih seperti adanya Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 91/Permentan/OT.140/9/2013 tentang Pedoman Evaluasi Kinerja Penyuluh. Kinerja penyuluh pertanian terkait erat dengan peran penyuluh pertanian dalam mengimplementasikan program-program penyuluhan yang dapat merubah perilaku petani kearah yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat kinerja penyuluh Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (BPP) Balongpanggang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode sensus sebanyak 7 penyuluh. Metode pengukuran menggunakan Standar Nilai Prestasi Kerja (NPK) untuk mengetahui kinerja penyuluh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kinerja penyuluh pertanian BPP Balongpanggang berada pada kategori cukup. Belum optimalnya kinerja penyuluh tersebut dikarenakan rendahnya pelaksanaan penyuluhan dalam bentuk demontrasi, temu-temu dan metode dalam bentuk kursus serta rendahnya penumbuhan dan pengembangan kelembagaan ekonomi petani dalam aspek jumlah dan kualitas.
High-level Programming via Generalized Planning and LTL Synthesis
Authors: Bonet Blai , De Giacomo Giuseppe , Geffner Hector , Patrizi Fabio , Rubin Sasha
Published: August 2020

We look at program synthesis where the aim is to automatically synthesize a controller that operates on data structures and from which a concrete program can be easily derived. We do not aim at a fully-automatic process or tool that produces a program meeting a given specification of the program’s behaviour. Rather, we aim at the design of a clear and well-founded approach for supporting programmers at the design and implementation phases. Concretely, we first show that a program synthesis task can be modeled as a generalized planning problem. This is done at an abstraction level where the involved data structures are seen as black-boxes that can be interfaced with actions and observations, the first corresponding to the operations and the second to the queries provided by the data structure. The abstraction level is high enough to capture intuitive and common assumptions as well as general and simple strategies used by programmers, and yet it contains sufficient structure to support the automated generation of concrete solutions (in the form of controllers). From such controllers and the use of standard data structures, an actual program in a general language like C++ or Python can be easily obtained. Then, we discuss how the resulting generalized planning problem can be reduced to an LTL synthesis problem, thus making available any LTL synthesis engine for obtaining the controllers. We illustrate the effectiveness of the approach on a series of examples.
Rational Defeasible Belief Change
Authors: Casini Giovanni , Meyer Thomas , Varzinczak Ivan
Published: August 2020

We present a formal framework for modelling belief change within a nonmonotonic reasoning system. Belief change and non-monotonic reasoning are two areas that are formally closely related, with recent attention being paid towards the analysis of belief change within a non-monotonic environment. In this paper we consider the classical AGM belief change operators, contraction and revision, applied to a defeasible setting in the style of Kraus, Lehmann, and Magidor. The investigation leads us to the consideration of the problem of iterated change, generalising the classical work of Darwiche and Pearl. We characterise a family of operators for iterated revision, followed by an analogous characterisation of operators for iterated contraction. We start considering belief change operators aimed at preserving logical consistency, and then characterise analogous operators aimed at the preservation of coherence—an important notion within the field of logic-based ontologies.
Revision by Conditionals: From Hook to Arrow
Authors: Chandler Jake , Booth Richard
Published: August 2020

The belief revision literature has largely focussed on the issue of how to revise one’s beliefs in the light of information regarding matters of fact. Here we turn to an important but comparatively neglected issue: How to model agents capable of acquiring information regarding which rules of inference (‘Ramsey Test conditionals’) they ought to use in reasoning about these facts. Our approach to this second question of so-called ‘conditional revision’ is distinctive insofar as it abstracts from the controversial details of how the address the ﬁrst. We introduce a ‘plug and play’ method for uniquely extending any iterated belief revision operator to the conditional case. The ﬂexibility of our approach is achieved by having the result of a conditional revision by a Ramsey Test conditional (‘arrow’) determined by that of a plain revision by its corresponding material conditional (‘hook’). It is shown to satisfy a number of new constraints that are of independent interest.
Two-Stage Technique for LTLf Synthesis Under LTL Assumptions
Authors: De Giacomo Giuseppe , Di Stasio Antonio , Vardi Moshe Y. , Zhu Shufang
Published: August 2020

In synthesis, assumption are constraints on the environments that rule out certain environment behaviors. A key observation is that even if we consider system with LTLf goals on finite traces, assumptions need to be expressed considering infinite traces, using LTL on infinite traces, since the decision to stop the trace is controlled by the agent. To solve synthesis of LTLf goals under LTL assumptions, we could reduce the problem to LTL synthesis. Unfortunately, while synthesis in LTLf and in LTL have the same worst-case complexity (both are 2EXPTIME-complete), the algorithms available for LTL synthesis are much harder in practice than those for LTLf synthesis. Recently, it has been shown that in basic forms of fairness and stability assumptions we can avoid such a detour to LTL and keep the simplicity of LTLf synthesis. In this paper, we generalize these results and show how to effectively handle any kind of LTL assumptions. Specifically, we devise a two-stage technique for solving LTLf under general LTL assumptions and show empirically that this technique performs much better than standard LTL synthesis.
A Preference-Based Approach to Defeasible Deontic Inference
Authors: Delgrande James
Published: August 2020

In this paper we present an approach to defeasible deontic inference.
Given a set of rules R expressing conditional obligations and a formula A giving contingent information, the goal is to determine the most desirable outcome with respect to this information.
Semantically, the rules R induce a partial preorder on the set of models, giving the relative desirability of each model.
Then the set of minimal A models characterises the best that can be attained given that A holds.
A syntactic approach is also given, in terms of maximal subsets of material counterparts of rules in R, and that yields a formula that expresses the best outcome possible given that A holds.
These approaches are shown to coincide, providing an analogue to a soundness and completeness result.
Complexity is not unreasonable, being at the second level of the polynomial hierarchy when the underlying logic is propositional logic.
The approach yields desirable and intuitive results, including for the various “paradoxes” of deontic reasoning.
The approach also highlights an interesting difference in how specificity is dealt with in nonmonotonic and deontic reasoning.
On Sufficient and Necessary Conditions in Bounded CTL: A Forgetting Approach
Authors: Feng Renyan , Acar Erman , Schlobach Stefan , Wang Yisong , Liu Wanwei
Published: August 2020

Computation Tree Logic (CTL) is one of the central formalisms in formal verification. As a specification language, it is used to express a property that the system at hand is expected to satisfy. From both the verification and the system design points of view, some information content of such property might become irrelevant for the system due to
various reasons, e.g., it might become obsolete by time, or perhaps infeasible due to practical difficulties. Then, the problem arises on how to subtract such piece of information without altering the relevant system behaviour or violating the existing specifications over a given signature. Moreover, in such a scenario, two crucial notions are informative: the strongest necessary condition (SNC) and the weakest sufficient condition (WSC) of a given property. To address such a scenario in a principled way, we introduce a forgetting-based approach in CTL and show that it can be used to compute SNC and WSC of a property under a given model and over a given signature. We study its theoretical properties and also show that our notion of forgetting satisfies existing essential postulates of knowledge forgetting. Furthermore, we analyse the computational complexity of some basic reasoning tasks for the fragment CTLAF in particular.
Containment of Simple Conjunctive Regular Path Queries
Authors: Figueira Diego , Godbole Adwait , Krishna S. , Martens Wim , Niewerth Matthias , Trautner Tina
Published: August 2020

Testing containment of queries is a fundamental reasoning task in knowledge representation. We study here the containment problem for Conjunctive Regular Path Queries (CRPQs), a navigational query language extensively used in ontology and graph database querying. While it is known that containment of CRPQs is EXPSPACE-complete in general, we focus here on severely restricted fragments, which are known to be highly relevant in practice according to several recent studies. We obtain a detailed overview of the complexity of the containment problem, depending on the features used in the regular expressions of the queries, with completeness results for NP, Pi2p, PSPACE or EXPSPACE.
A Data Complexity and Rewritability Tetrachotomy of Ontology-Mediated Queries with a Covering Axiom
Authors: Gerasimova Olga , Kikot Stanislav , Kurucz Agi , Podolskii Vladimir , Zakharyaschev Michael
Published: August 2020

Aiming to understand the data complexity of answering conjunctive queries mediated by an axiom stating that a class is covered by the union of two other classes, we show that deciding their first-order rewritability is PSPACE-hard and obtain a number of sufficient conditions for membership in AC0, L, NL, and P. Our main result is a complete syntactic AC0/NL/P/CONP tetrachotomy of path queries under the assumption that the covering classes are disjoint.
Logics of Preference when There Is No Best
Authors: Grossi Davide , van der Hoek Wiebe , Kuijer Louwe B.
Published: August 2020

Well-behaved preferences (e.g., total pre-orders) are a cornerstone of several areas in artificial intelligence, from knowledge representation, where preferences typically encode likelihood comparisons, to both game and decision theories, where preferences typically encode utility comparisons. Yet weaker (e.g., cyclical) structures of comparison have proven important in a number of areas, from argumentation theory to tournaments and social choice theory.

In this paper we provide logical foundations for reasoning about this type of preference structures where no obvious best elements may exist. Concretely, we compare and axiomatize a number of ways in which the concepts of maximality and optimality can be generalized in this general class of preferences. We thereby expand the scope of the long-standing tradition of the logical analysis of preference.
Reasoning About Plan Robustness Versus Plan Cost for Partially Informed Agents
Authors: Keren Sarah , Bernardini Sara , Kwapong Kofi , Parkes David C.
Published: August 2020

A common approach to planning with partial information is replanning: compute a plan based on assumptions about unknown information and replan if these
assumptions are refuted during execution. To date, most planners with incomplete information have been designed to provide guarantees on completeness and soundness for the generated plans. Switching focus to performance, we measure the robustness of a plan, which quantiﬁes the plan’s ability to avoid failure. Given a plan and an agent’s belief, which describes the set of states it deems as possible, robustness counts the number of world states in the belief from which the plan will achieve the goal without the need to replan. We formally describe the trade-off between robustness and plan cost and offer a solver that is guaranteed to produce plans that satisfy a required level of robustness. By evaluating our approach on a set of standard benchmarks, we demonstrate how it can improve the performance of a partially informed agent.
Explainable Planning Using Answer Set Programming
Authors: Nguyen Van , Vasileiou Stylianos Loukas , Son Tran Cao , Yeoh William
Published: August 2020

In human-aware planning problems, the planning agent may need to explain its plan to a human user, especially when the plan appears infeasible or suboptimal for the user. A popular approach to do so is called model reconciliation, where the planning agent tries to reconcile the differences between its model and the model of the user such that its plan is also feasible and optimal to the user. This problem can be viewed as an optimization problem, where the goal is to find a subset-minimal explanation that one can use to modify the model of the user such that the plan of the agent is also feasible and optimal to the user. This paper presents an algorithm for solving such problems using answer set programming.
Smallest Explanations and Diagnoses of Rejection in Abstract Argumentation
Authors: Niskanen Andreas , Järvisalo Matti
Published: August 2020

Deciding acceptance of arguments is a central problem in the realm of abstract argumentation. Beyond mere acceptance status, when an argument is rejected it would be informative to analyze reasons for the rejection. Recently, two complementary notions---explanations and diagnoses---were proposed for capturing underlying reasons for rejection in terms of (small) subsets of arguments or attacks. We provide tight complexity results for deciding and computing argument-based explanations and diagnoses. Computationally, we identify that smallest explanations and diagnoses for argumentation frameworks can be computed as so-called smallest unsatisfiable subsets (SMUSes) and smallest correction sets of propositional formulas. Empirically, we show that SMUS extractors and maximum satisfiability solvers (computing smallest correction sets) offer effective ways of computing smallest explanations and diagnoses.
Stable and Supported Semantics in Continuous Vector Spaces
Authors: Aspis Yaniv , Broda Krysia , Russo Alessandra , Lobo Jorge
Published: August 2020

We introduce a novel approach for the computation of stable and supported models of normal logic programs in continuous vector spaces by a gradient-based search method. Specifically, the application of the immediate consequence operator of a program reduct can be computed in a vector space. To do this, Herbrand interpretations of a propositional program are embedded as 0-1 vectors in $\mathbb{R}^N$ and program reducts are represented as matrices in $\mathbb{R}^{N \times N}$. Using these representations we prove that the underlying semantics of a normal logic program is captured through matrix multiplication and a differentiable operation. As supported and stable models of a normal logic program can now be seen as fixed points in a continuous space, non-monotonic deduction can be performed using an optimisation process such as Newton's method. We report the results of several experiments using synthetically generated programs that demonstrate the feasibility of the approach and highlight how different parameter values can affect the behaviour of the system.
Concept Contraction in the Description Logic EL
Authors: Rienstra Tjitze , Schon Claudia , Staab Steffen
Published: August 2020

In this paper we study the problem of concept contraction for the description logic EL. Concept contraction is concerned with the following question: Given two concepts C and D (with the interesting case being that D subsumes C) how can we find a generalisation of C that is not subsumed by D but is otherwise as similar as possible to C? We take an AGM-style approach and model this problem using the notion of a concept contraction operator. We consider constructive definitions as well as sets of postulates for concept contraction,and link the two by means of representation theorems.
A Semantic Perspective on Omission Abstraction in ASP
Authors: Saribatur Zeynep G. , Eiter Thomas
Published: August 2020

The recently introduced notion of ASP abstraction is on reducing the vocabulary of a program while ensuring over-approximation of its answer sets, with a focus on having a syntactic operator that constructs an abstract program. It has been shown that such a notion has the potential for program analysis at the abstract level by getting rid of irrelevant details to problem solving while preserving the structure, that aids in the explanation of the solutions. We take here a further look on ASP abstraction, focusing on abstraction by omission with the aim to obtain a better understanding of the notion. We distinguish the key conditions for omission abstraction which sheds light on the differences to the well-studied notion of forgetting. We demonstrate how omission abstraction fits into the overall spectrum, by also investigating its behavior in the semantics of a program in the framework of HT logic.
Non-Prioritized Iterated Revision: Improvement via Incremental Belief Merging
Authors: Schwind Nicolas , Konieczny Sébastien
Published: August 2020

In this work we define iterated change operators that do not obey the primacy of update principle. This kind of change is required in applications when the recency of the input formulae is not linked with their reliability/priority/weight. This can be translated by a commutativity postulate that asks the result of a sequence of changes to be the same whatever the order of the formulae of this sequence. Technically then we end up with a sequence of formulae that we have to combine in order to obtain a meaningful belief base. Belief merging operators are then natural candidates for this task. We show that we can define improvement operators using an incremental belief merging approach. We also show that these operators can not be encoded as simple preorders transformations, contrary to most iterated revision and improvement operators.
Knowledge-Preserving Certain Answers for SQL-like Queries
Authors: Toussaint Etienne , Guagliardo Paolo , Libkin Leonid
Published: August 2020

Answering queries over incomplete data is based on finding answers that are certainly true, independently of how missing values are interpreted. This informal description has given rise to several different mathematical definitions of certainty. To unify them, a framework based on "explanations", or extra information about incomplete data, was recently proposed. It partly succeeded in justifying query answering methods for relational databases under set semantics, but had two major limitations. First, it was firmly tied to the set data model, and a fixed way of comparing incomplete databases with respect to their information content. These assumptions fail for real-life database queries in languages such as SQL that use bag semantics instead. Second, it was restricted to queries that only manipulate data, while in practice most analytical SQL queries invent new values, typically via arithmetic operations and aggregation.

To leverage our understanding of the notion of certainty for queries in SQL-like languages, we consider incomplete databases whose information content may be enriched by additional knowledge. The knowledge order among them is derived from their semantics, rather than being fixed a priori. The resulting framework allows us to capture and justify existing notions of certainty, and extend these concepts to other data models and query languages. As natural applications, we provide for the first time a well-founded definition of certain answers for the relational bag data model and for value-inventing queries on incomplete databases, addressing the key shortcomings of previous approaches.
Neuro-Symbolic Probabilistic Argumentation Machines
Authors: Riveret Regis , Tran Son , d'Avila Garcez Artur
Published: August 2020

Neural-symbolic systems combine the strengths of neural networks and symbolic formalisms. In this paper, we introduce a neural-symbolic system which combines restricted Boltzmann machines and probabilistic semi-abstract argumentation. We propose to train networks on argument labellings explaining the data, so that any sampled data outcome is associated with an argument labelling. Argument labellings are integrated as constraints within restricted Boltzmann machines, so that the neural networks are used to learn probabilistic dependencies amongst argument labels. Given a dataset and an argumentation graph as prior knowledge, for every example/case K in the dataset, we use a so-called K-maxconsistent labelling of the graph, and an explanation of case K refers to a K-maxconsistent labelling of the given argumentation graph. The abilities of the proposed system to predict correct labellings were evaluated and compared with standard machine learning techniques. Experiments revealed that such argumentation Boltzmann machines can outperform other classification models, especially in noisy settings.
Radion Effects on Bhabha Scattering
Authors: Bang Ha Huy , Duong Pham Que , Thu Huyen Nguyen Thi , Thuy Linh Nguyen Thi , Nhu Xuan Nguyen
Published: August 2020

In this article, we have considered the possible signatures of radion through Bhabha scattering. The numerical results show that the total cross section with radion effects are about 1.43-19.70 pb.

This could have important implications for radion searches and for the measurement of the cross-section of the Bhabha scattering.
Ovalbumin Based Microlasers
Authors: Hong Mai Hanh
Published: August 2020

In this work, biomaterial based microlasers were successfully fabricated by a cost effective, simple and environmental friendly fabrication method. The as-fabricated microlasers were made of biocompatible material including ovalbumin doped Rhodamine B at low weight percentage. The lasers had solid-state spheres with various diameters ranging from 20 µm to over 100 µm. It was shown that inside the spherical cavity which supported whispering gallery mode, a lasing emission was generated with a low threshold of 17.5 µJ/mm2, and a high Q-factor of approximately 3000. The remarkable lasing properties of the dye doped ovalbumin microlasers are considered as important bases for their future biological and medical applications.
Audit Committee, Ceo Tenure And Capital Structure
Authors: Setiawan Rahmat , Adelisa Rana
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between corporate governance and capital structure with moderation effect of CEO tenure in manufacturing firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data is acquired from the firm's annual report published in the 2013-2017 period uses multiple linear regression model and moderated regression analysis. The dependent variable in this research is capital structure measured by ratio of total debt to total assets. Independent variables used corporate governance which is measured by audit committees while moderating variable is CEO tenure. The novelty of this research examines CEO tenure as moderation variables on the influence of audit committees on capital structure which is rarely studied. The results showed that CEO tenure weakens the positive effect of audit committees on capital structure. The results of this study can help the firms to pay attention to the corporate governance and CEO tenure because they can affect the firm’s capital structure policy.Keywords - Capital Structure; Corporate Governance; Audit Committee; CEO Tenure
The Alignment of Solution-Focused Brief Counseling in Helping to Achieve Resilience
Authors: Hendriani Wiwin , Mulawarman Mulawarman
Published: August 2020

This review of the literature aims to explain why Solution-Focused Brief Counseling (SFBC) is appropriate as an approach in helping individuals achieve resilience, after experiencing certain traumatic events. This study was motivated by the need for a conceptual explanation of what approaches can be recommended so that recovery of post-traumatic psychological conditions and the achievement of resilience can be carried out with more efficient and effective processes. The method used in this study was comparative analysis, involving a variety of relevant literature to identify alignment concepts between SFBC and resilience. The intended literature includes reference books, reputable scientific journal articles, and various information from credible sources. The results of the study show that there are points of similarity in the two theories, both in terms of basic assumptions and concepts related to the intervention process which confirms the relevance and accuracy of the use of SFBC in helping individuals achieve post-traumatic resilience. This study can then be used as a scientific foothold for the application of SFBC in an effort to increase individual resilience in various contexts.