bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A computational approach to predict and enhance the sensitivity of X-ray resonant magnetic reflectometry to the magnetic behavior of deeply buried interfaces
Authors: Dvortsova Polina , Suturin Sergey
Published: January 2024

In the present work a computational approach is applied to model and predict the results of X-ray resonant magnetic reflectometry – a non-destructive synchrotron-based technique to probe chemical composition, crystallographic environment and magnetization in multilayer epitaxial heterostructures with nanoscale depth resolution. The discussed 2D mapping approach is a step forward with respect to conventional resonant X-ray reflectometry and consists of collecting a fine step array of reflected intensity as a function of grazing angle and photon energy across the absorption edge of a particular chemical element. With the use of circularly polarized photons the method can be extended to magnetic systems to produce a map of dichroic reflectance directly related to the magnetization profile of the heterostructure. Studying the magnetic field dependence of dichroic reflectance maps can provide valuable information on the magnetization reversal of individual sublayers of a multilayer heterostructure. In the present paper modeling is performed for a bilayer system mimicking the behavior of a 30 nm ɛ-Fe2O3 thin film that is known to exhibit a pronounced two-component magnetic hysteresis. A technique to find optimal energy/angle combinations in order to sense magnetization of individual sublayers is proposed. Also discussed is the advantage of heavy-element capping, which leads to a substantial increase of the dichroic intensity oscillation contrast in the pre-edge region where the sensitivity to the magnetic behavior of the deeply buried interfaces is most pronounced.
Common data environments in construction: state-of-the-art and challenges for practical implementation
Authors: Jaskula Klaudia , Kifokeris Dimosthenis , Papadonikolaki Eleni , Rovas Dimitrios
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Information management workflow in building information modelling (BIM)-based collaboration is based on using a common data environment (CDE). The basic premise of a CDE is exposing all relevant data as a single source of truth and facilitating continuous collaboration between stakeholders. A multitude of tools can be used as a CDE, however, it is not clear how the tools are used or if they fulfil the users’ needs. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate current practices of using CDEs for information management during the whole built asset’s life cycle, through a state-of-the-art literature review and an empirical study.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature data is collected according to the PRISMA 2020 guideline for reporting systematic reviews. This paper includes 46 documents in the review and conduct a bibliometric and thematic analysis to identify the main challenges of digital information management. To understand the current practice and the views of the stakeholders using CDEs in their work, this paper used an empirical approach including semi-structured interviews with 15 BIM experts.

Findings

The results indicate that one of the major challenges of CDE adoption is project complexity and using multiple CDEs simultaneously leading to data accountability, transparency and reliability issues. To tackle those challenges, the use of novel technologies in CDE development such as blockchain could be further investigated.

Originality/value

The research explores the major challenges in the practical implementation of CDEs for information management. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study on this topic combining a systematic literature review and fieldwork.
The contagious effect of bullying knowledge hiding: exploring the role of job stress and power values
Authors: Kmieciak Roman
Published: January 2024

Purpose

Bullying knowledge hiding has been recently identified as a manifestation of knowledge hiding behavior. As a relatively new concept, it is still underexplored. Previous research has focused on the antecedents of bullying hiding. However, there is a lack of research on the negative consequences that bullying hiding may have on employees. This study aims to uncover the effects of supervisor bullying hiding on employees knowledge behavior. The study also aims to examine the moderating effect of power values and the mediating effect of job stress.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered in two waves from 444 employees with higher education in Poland. Data collection was conducted in July and August 2022. A general linear model mediation analysis with jamovi Advanced Mediation Models software was used to examine the hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate that bullying knowledge hiding by supervisors triggers subordinates’ job stress and aggression in the form of bullying knowledge hiding toward co-workers. Contrary to expectations, job stress does not mediate the relationship between supervisor bullying hiding and subordinate bullying hiding toward co-workers. Power-dominance values, contrary to power-resources values, moderate the above relationship.

Practical implications

As bullying hiding has significant potential to spread among organizational members, managers seeking to reduce it should check the personal values of job applicants and employees.

Originality/value

Based on the behavioral contagion and frustration–aggression–displacement theories, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the relationships between supervisor bullying hiding, job stress, power values and subordinate bullying hiding toward co-workers.
Meaning in life as a mediator of the relationship between COVID-19 stress and COVID-19 burnout in general population
Authors: Sood Sarita
Published: January 2024

Purpose

There is a link between stress experienced during adversity and negative outcomes, which demands the identification of mechanisms to minimize the harm. However, to date, these mechanisms remain unclear. This study will help us understand how to reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 stress (CS) on COVID-19 burnout (CB). The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of meaning in life (MIL) in the relationship between CS and CB in the general population.

Design/methodology/approach

During the second wave of COVID-19 in India, 514 adults aged 18–75 years (M= 33.11 ± SD =10.42) completed the survey online. Testing of the model was conducted using the structural equation modeling technique.

Findings

Results indicated that CS had a positive impact on CB. CS explained 49% of the variance in CB. A mediation model was used to examine the relationship between CS and CB through MIL, which was also supported.

Practical implications

These findings explain the efficacy of MIL in reducing harm. It is imperative to promote MIL to prevent negative outcomes. Instead of treating symptoms of disorders, psychologists, mental health professionals and health-care workers should focus on prevention.

Originality/value

The model explains the underlying mechanisms between CS and CB. This is among the very few studies attempting to explore these variables among the general population. Therefore, it adds to the literature on ways to reduce the negative impact of stressors.
The digital dilemma: navigating leadership and learning in the modern age
Authors: Heath Paul
Published: January 2024

Purpose

This study aims to help organisations navigate leadership and learning in the digital age.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on desk research and the author’s expertise from a 20-year career in L&D.

Findings

This study finds that for organisations to respond to technological change they need to get their employees fit for the future. They can do this by focusing on leadership in testing times, embedding transferable skills and adopting the latest approaches to Learning and Development including live learning, learning content and a learning platform.

Originality/value

This study is original thinking by the author and builds on his experience as a senior L&D consultant.
Triptolide inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by regulating the circNOX4/miR‐153‐3p/SATB1 signaling pathway
Authors: Liang Hanping , Che Weibi , Peng Fengyuan , Chen Huilong , Xie Xihao , Wu Bomeng
Published: January 2024

Background

To explore the role and mechanism of triptolide in regulating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression by mediating the circular RNA (circRNA)‐related pathway.

Methods

The expression levels of circNOX4, miR‐153‐3p and special AT‐rich sequence binding protein‐1 (SATB1) were measured by qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation was confirmed by cell counting kit‐8 assay and colony formation assay. Flow cytometry was employed to measure cell apoptosis and cell cycle process. Moreover, cell migration and invasion were detected using transwell assay. The protein levels of epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation markers and SATB1 were determined by western blot analysis. Furthermore, dual‐luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were performed to confirm the interaction between miR‐153‐3p and circNOX4 or SATB1. Xenograft tumor models were built to verify the effects of triptolide and circNOX4 on ESCC tumor growth.

Results

CircNOX4 was highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cells, and its expression could be reduced by triptolide. Triptolide could inhibit ESCC proliferation, cell cycle process, migration, invasion, EMT process, and promote apoptosis, while these effects were reversed by circNOX4 overexpression. MiR‐153‐3p could be sponged by circNOX4, and the promotion effect of circNOX4 on the progression of triptolide‐treated ESCC cells was abolished by miR‐153‐3p overexpression. SATB1 was a target of miR‐153‐3p. Also, SATB1 knockdown reversed the enhancing effect of miR‐153‐3p inhibitor on the progression of triptolide‐treated ESCC cells. Triptolide reduced ESCC tumor growth by regulating the circNOX4/miR‐153‐3p/SATB1 axis.

Conclusion

Triptolide could hinder ESCC progression, which was mainly achieved by regulating the circNOX4/miR‐153‐3p/SATB1 axis.
Sleep medicines are often prescribed for older adults (≥75 years) without appropriate dosing instructions: A nationwide retrospective register study in Finland
Authors: Eronen Sini‐Tuulia , Kurko Terhi , Kivelä Sirkka‐Liisa , Paunio Tiina , Airaksinen Marja , Rantamäki Tomi
Published: January 2024

Background

Sleep medicines should be prescribed cautiously, accompanied by instructions that ensure appropriate use and reduce risks. This is especially important for older adults, for whom many of these medicines are classified as potentially inappropriate medicines.

Methods

We investigated the use and appropriateness of dosing instructions for sleep medicines (described in the Finnish National Current Care Guideline for Insomnia) prescribed for older adults (≥75 years) and dispensed with instruction label in pharmacies. The retrospective reimbursement register data for year 2020 by the Social Insurance Institution of Finland was used as the data source (1,080,843 purchases by 143,886 individuals of which 565,228 purchases were pharmacy dispenses). The appropriateness of the pharmacy dosing instructions containing keyword(s) referring to insomnia treatment was examined according to the prescribed dose, time of intake, frequency of use, and warnings/remarks. A random sample of 1000 instructions was used to manually analyze the phrasing and appropriateness.

Outcomes

We focused our analysis on 58.1% (328,285 purchases by 87,396 individuals) of the pharmacy dispenses, which contained dosing instructions referring insomnia treatment. Of these, zopiclone and mirtazapine were the most prescribed drugs (134,631 and 112,463 purchases, respectively). Dose and time of intake were specified in most of the instructions (98.4% and 83.4%, respectively), whereas frequency of use was specified in 57.3%. A small percentage of the instructions included warnings/remarks (2.8%). Overall, only 2.1% of the instructions contained information about a single dose, time of intake, temporary use, and warnings/remarks and were thus defined as sufficient. Notably, 47.7% (n = 515,615) of all the purchases in our dataset were dispensed via automated multi‐dose dispensing systems, which is aimed for long‐term treatment.

Interpretation

It is common to prescribe sleep medicines for older adults without appropriate dosing instructions, particularly excluding warnings against long‐term, regular use. Actions to change the current prescribing practices are warranted.
Prioritising restorative care programs in light of current age care reform
Authors: Falland Laura , Henwood Tim , Keogh Justin W. L. , Davison Kade
Published: January 2024

Background

Short‐term restorative care (STRC) aims to reduce the demand for long‐term aged care services through 8 weeks of intensive, multidisciplinary services designed to enhance the independence of community‐dwelling older Australians at risk of functional decline. Evidence surrounding the effectiveness and feasibility of STRC is limited.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an existing exercise‐based STRC model and help inform successful service delivery to maximise participant outcomes nationally.

Methods

An observational cohort study was conducted to evaluate the potential benefits accrued by community‐dwelling older adults accessing Southern Cross Care's current exercise‐based STRC model in Adelaide, South Australia. Program effectiveness was determined via improvements in outcome measures specific to functional decline risk factors from baseline (Week 0) to discharge (Week 8).

Results

Results demonstrated significant improvements (p < 0.001) in participants' (n = 62) lower extremity function (44.9%), depressive symptoms (52.4%), anxiety (45.8%), frailty stage (57.9%), independence in activities of daily living (17.3%) and health‐related quality of life (24.0%). No significant change was found for grip strength or BMI post‐intervention. The most frequent services were exercise‐based (54.3% of total services), with participants receiving an average of two to three exercise services per week.

Conclusions

An exercise‐based STRC model is an effective mechanism to reverse functional decline and associated risk factors among community‐dwelling older Australians. Adoption of multidisciplinary intervention as a standardised STRC service model could help improve client outcomes nationally and offset expected increases in community and long‐term aged care demand.
Electrocardiographic characteristics of bladder cancer patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Zi‐Liang , Jia Kai‐Peng , Zheng Yi , Zhang Nan , Wang Xin , Tse Gary , Zhang Zhi‐Wei , Hu Hai‐Long , Liu Tong
Published: January 2024

Objective

Patients treated with preoperative chemotherapy and immunotherapy for bladder cancer may be at increased risk of cardiotoxicity and electrophysiological abnormalities. This study aimed to analyze their electrocardiographic (ECG) alterations.

Methods

Patients with bladder cancer who were hospitalized and receiving tislelizumab plus nab‐paclitaxel (TnP) were enrolled prospectively. ECG, cardiac biomarkers, and echocardiography were performed at baseline and the end of TnP.

Results

A total of 60 patients (76.7% males), including 30 muscle‐invasive and 30 non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer, received three or four cycles of TnP, respectively. Hypertension was the commonest comorbidity (41.7%), and 25 patients (41.7%) were prescribed cardiovascular drugs. In comparison with baseline characteristics, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) were within normal ranges after TnP. However, echocardiographic parameter of left ventricular ejection fraction slightly decreased after TnP (62.81 ± 3.81% to 61.10 ± 4.37%, p = .011). The incidence of abnormal ECG increased from 65.0% at baseline to 76.7%, of which only a higher prevalence of fragmented QRS (fQRS) was observed (33.3% to 50.0%, p = .013; mainly in inferior leads). ECG parameters of QT dispersion (QTd) were prolonged significantly after the regimen (39.50 ± 11.37 to 44.20 ± 15.85 ms, p = .019).

Conclusion

In bladder cancer patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy, the main ECG abnormality was fQRS and QTd, with relatively normal cardiac biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters. Regular ECG screening should be carried out carefully to detect potential cardiotoxicity in the long‐term follow‐up.
Identity fusion is associated with outgroup trust and social exploration: Evidence for the fusion‐secure base hypothesis
Authors: Klein Jack W. , Greenaway Katharine H. , Bastian Brock
Published: January 2024

Identity fusion – a powerful form of group alignment – is a strong predictor of using violence to defend the ingroup. However, recent theorizing suggests, in the absence of outgroup threat, fusion may instead promote intergroup trust and cooperation. Across five studies we find evidence that fusion to a range of groups (e.g., country, football team) was consistently positively associated with a willingness to trust others generally, trust outgroup members, and social exploration. An internal meta‐analysis indicated that fusion was more strongly associated with trust and social exploration, compared to several measures of group identification. These findings provide support for the fusion‐secure base hypothesis (Personality and Social Psychology Review. 2023, 27(2), 107–127) and suggest that fusion has the potential to increase a willingness to interact with, and trust, outgroup members.
In search of animal normativity: a framework for studying social norms in non‐human animals
Authors: Westra Evan , Fitzpatrick Simon , Brosnan Sarah F. , Gruber Thibaud , Hobaiter Catherine , Hopper Lydia M. , Kelly Daniel , Krupenye Christopher , Luncz Lydia V. , Theriault Jordan , Andrews Kristin
Published: January 2024

Social norms – rules governing which behaviours are deemed appropriate or inappropriate within a given community – are typically taken to be uniquely human. Recently, this position has been challenged by a number of philosophers, cognitive scientists, and ethologists, who have suggested that social norms may also be found in certain non‐human animal communities. Such claims have elicited considerable scepticism from norm cognition researchers, who doubt that any non‐human animals possess the psychological capacities necessary for normative cognition. However, there is little agreement among these researchers about what these psychological prerequisites are. This makes empirical study of animal social norms difficult, since it is not clear what we are looking for and thus what should count as behavioural evidence for the presence (or absence) of social norms in animals. To break this impasse, we offer an approach that moves beyond contested psychological criteria for social norms. This approach is inspired by the animal culture research program, which has made a similar shift away from heavily psychological definitions of ‘culture’ to become organised around a cluster of more empirically tractable concepts of culture. Here, we propose an analogous set of constructs built around the core notion of a normative regularity, which we define as a socially maintained pattern of behavioural conformity within a community. We suggest methods for studying potential normative regularities in wild and captive primates. We also discuss the broader scientific and philosophical implications of this research program with respect to questions of human uniqueness, animal welfare and conservation.
Community‐based respiratory health measures in children and young people with cerebral palsy: A scoping review
Authors: Knight Lozano Rachel , Shannon Harriet , Gilby Jonathan , Goddard Sian , Turner Leanne , Marsden Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Aim

To identify, map, and describe outcome measurement domains and instruments used within a community setting to assess respiratory health in children and young people aged 1 to 18 years, diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method

A scoping review methodology informed structured searches in nine databases, grey literature, and registries, conducted in August 2021 (updated in February 2023). Articles were screened for eligibility by two independent researchers. Any outcome measurement instruments used to assess respiratory health or associated impact were extracted, categorized, and mapped to health and health‐related domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health.

Results

Seventy‐six outcome measurement instruments were identified across 78 articles worldwide between 1970 and 2023. These were categorized into ‘Body functions and structures’ (n = 20), ‘Activity and performance’ (n = 22), and ‘Participation and quality of life’ (n = 19), with a further 15 mapped to ‘Health care resources use’.

Interpretation

No consensus of ‘what’ to measure and ‘how’ to measure respiratory health in children and young people with CP was found. Moreover, many measures were not replicable in individuals with more severe forms of CP, excluding those at increased risk of respiratory‐related morbidity and mortality. Further research is required to agree important outcome domains and associated measures in research and clinical practice.

What this paper adds

A limited number and size of experimental designs were found.

Seventy‐six measures were identified to assess respiratory health in cerebral palsy.

No consensus was found in ‘what’ or ‘how’ to measure respiratory health.

Many measures were not replicable in children and young people at risk of poorer respiratory health outcomes.

Children and young people with comorbidities and learning disability were frequently excluded from studies.
Different perceptual worlds: Parent and youth perspectives on parenting outcome trajectories from a Latino family‐based program
Authors: Hurtado Choque Ghaffar Ali , Kim HaeDong , Epstein Norman B. , Garcia‐Huidobro Diego , Svetaz Maria Veronica , Allen Michele L.
Published: January 2024

Discrepancies between parent and youth perceptions of their relationship are a common aspect of generational acculturation gaps influencing immigrant families. Programs designed to strengthen parenting practices among immigrant Latino families commonly address immigration stresses, including differences between parent and youth perceptions, but little is known about discrepancies in their appraisals of program effects on parenting behavior. A randomized trial was conducted examining effects on parent behavior of a program for immigrant families with youth aged 10–14, developed through community‐based participatory research principles. Families (346 parents and youth) were recruited by organizations serving Latino families in a Midwestern metropolitan area and randomly assigned to the eight‐session psychoeducation and skill‐building program or a waitlist control. Parents and youth completed self‐report measures at pre‐intervention, post‐intervention (4 months), and a 6‐month follow‐up regarding parents' expression of acceptance, efforts to solicit information about the child's experiences, and consistency of discipline, key foci of the program. Based on social cognition theory, the study focused on possible differences in parents' and youths' perceptions of change in parenting behavior. Parents in the treatment group reported pre‐post improved acceptance, consistent discipline, and solicitation, whereas youth reported improvement only in parental solicitation, a pattern maintained at follow‐up. In the control group, the only change was youth‐reported reduction in parental acceptance. Parents' perceptions of improvement are encouraging, but overall lack of improvements from the youth perspective poses a potential problem for impact on parent–child relations. Interventions may need to target both parent and youth cognitions about behavior changes directly.
Vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual therapy for 14 days as the first‐line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A non‐inferiority, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hu Yi , Huang Xiang‐Hua , Zhou Bo , Liu Meng‐Lan , Liu Ye‐Fei , Yu Tao , Sun Ping , Tan Bin‐Bin , Hu Yang , Cheng Fei , Pan Xiao‐Lin , Hong Jun‐Bo , Shu Xu , Zhu Yin , Lu Nong‐Hua
Published: January 2024

Background

We previously optimized the duration and dose of vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual therapy in China. The efficacy of vonoprazan with b.i.d. amoxicillin in comparison with vonoprazan‐containing quadruple therapy as the first‐line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection has not been adequately evaluated.

Methods

In a non‐inferiority, randomized clinical trial, H. pylori infected and treatment‐naïve patients were randomly assigned to receive 14 days of either vonoprazan dual (vonoprazan 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g twice daily) or quadruple therapy (vonoprazan 20 mg + amoxicillin 1 g + furazolidone 100 mg + bismuth potassium citrate 600 mg twice daily). H. pylori status was confirmed using 13C‐urea breath tests or fecal antigen test. The primary outcome was the H. pylori eradication rate following vonoprazan dual and quadruple therapy at 4–12 weeks. We also compared drug compliance to either regimen and documented their side effect.

Results

A total of 190 subjects were randomized. The eradication rate of vonoprazan dual and quadruple therapy were 87.4% and 92.6% (p = 0.23) by intention‐to‐treat analysis, respectively, and 96.5% and 97.7% (p = 0.63) by per‐protocol analysis, respectively. The efficacy of vonoprazan dual therapy was non‐inferior to vonoprazan‐containing quadruple therapy in per‐protocol analysis (p < 0.001; difference: −1.2%; 90% confidence interval: −5.4% to 3.0%).

Conclusion

Vonoprazan with b.i.d. amoxicillin for 14 days provided similar satisfactory efficacy with vonoprazan‐containing quadruple therapy as a first‐line H. pylori treatment in China.
Prescribing of antivirals for COVID‐19 in a South Australian local health network according to statewide guidelines
Authors: Al Naji Hiba , Inglis Joshua M. , Tucker Emily , Rowett Debra , Larcombe Rebecca , Medlin Sophie , Mangoni Arduino A. , Thynne Tilenka
Published: January 2024

Antiviral drugs were rapidly implemented into clinical practice for the treatment of high‐risk patients with COVID‐19, prompting the development of statewide guidelines. This South‐Australian study reviewed guideline adherence, assessed prescribing patterns and highlighted the inappropriate management of relative drug–drug interactions and dosing for renal function. Additionally, it evaluated the impact of inappropriate antiviral drug use and suggested methods to improve quality use of medicines.
Statement of the Rehabilitation Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand for the therapeutic use of botulinum toxin A in spasticity management
Authors: Gupta Anupam Datta , Baguley Ian , Estell John , Geffon Saul , Goh Kong , Rawicki Barry , de Graaf Stephen , Olver John
Published: January 2024

The Rehabilitation Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand advocates the safe, effective and evidence‐based use of botulinum toxin type A for spasticity management. The process requires appropriate training, alongside considerable knowledge and skills, to maximise efficacy. The processes before and after injection contribute to effectiveness. The gold standard of managing spasticity is for assessment by a multidisciplinary specialist team, deriving patient‐centric goals, and designing an injection protocol to match these goals. The patient and/or carers are considered part of the decision‐making team. Postinjection therapy and measurement of goal achievement are highly recommended as part of the wider holistic approach to management. The Society believes treatment failures can be minimised by following clear clinical guidelines.
Evaluating the therapeutic and reconstructive efficacy of flap transplantation techniques in managing nasal tissue deficiency resulting from post‐rhinoplasty surgical infections
Authors: Song Lei , Liu Xiuyan
Published: January 2024

Rhinoplasty is a frequently performed aesthetic surgery with a high procedural volume. Despite the operational ease and safety profile of biocompatible materials such as silicone and inflatable prosthetics, postoperative complications like surgical site infections can lead to significant clinical challenges. These complications necessitate effective therapeutic and reconstructive interventions. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of different flap transplantation techniques for early treatment of post‐rhinoplasty nasal tissue deficiencies. A retrospective study was conducted from May 2018 to May 2023, involving 38 patients divided into a control group receiving standard anti‐infective treatment and an observation group undergoing early flap grafting procedures. Efficacy was evaluated using objective metrics—namely, nasal appearance, function and flap condition—each assessed through a 10‐point scoring system, and subjective metrics such as patient satisfaction gauged through self‐administered questionnaires. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0. Both groups were statistically comparable in terms of demographics such as age, marital status and educational background. The observation group displayed significantly improved outcomes in terms of nasal aesthetics (mean score 7.92 ± 1.00), nasal function (mean score 8.47 ± 0.51) and flap condition (mean score 7.89 ± 1.12) compared to the control group. Flap transplantation techniques demonstrated superior therapeutic and reconstructive efficacy in the management of nasal tissue deficiencies arising from post‐rhinoplasty surgical infections. These findings contribute to evidence‐based recommendations for optimal clinical practice.
Microbial diversity and prediction function profiling of microbial communities in rose jam
Authors: Liu Ling‐Xiao , Xia Ao‐Nan , Tang Xiao‐Juan , Zhang Yan‐Zhen , Meng Xian‐Shui , Lei Sheng‐Ming , Wang Bin , Peng Shan‐Li , Liu Yun‐Guo
Published: January 2024

The microbial diversity of rose jam was analyzed by high‐throughput sequencing, along with functional prediction of the bacterial community. The results indicate that Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Burkholderia emerged were the top three dominant bacterial groups. Proteobacteria was particularly abundant in R4 (99.1%) and R6 (96.12%). Zygosaccharomyces, unclassified fungi, and Botrytis constituted the top three fungal groups. The presence of unclassified OTUs was observed in all samples, particularly in R6 (52.36%), R8 (45.28), and R9 samples (39.57%). Gene prediction using PICRUSt revealed the existence of multiple KEGG functional modules associated with human metabolism in each rose jam sample. The presence of a high abundance of functional genes indicated the microbial community's diverse wide range of microgenetic resources that can be further explored for research purposes. The microbial community found in rose jam exhibits remarkable diversity and encompasses valuable functional information relevant to human health.
The Vaca Muerta mesosiderite: The path under which Fe‐Ni alloy ±C phases could have formed
Authors: Varela M. E. , Hwang S.‐L. , Shen P. , Garcia L. N. , Saavedra M. , Maruoka T. , Bose M.
Published: January 2024

The combined SEM and TEM studies on the metal (Fe‐Ni alloy ±C) portion of the Vaca Muerta mesosiderite reveal structural and compositional evidence at micro to nanoscale, which sheds light on the solidification of taenite + graphite as a cement, and later solid‐state precipitation process for the kamacite formation as grain boundary allotriomorph. Besides, it is proposed that the graphite veinlets formed through a complex partial melting process followed by a solidification toward the final eutectic transient coupled with the solid‐state precipitation and later decomposition ordering of taenite. The presence of defects and taenite in graphite signal formation in a liquid environment. The δ13C values of graphite in the graphite‐rich areas (e.g., ranging from −0.8 ± 1.7‰ to +15.3 ± 2.5‰) suggest a short‐circuit diffusion path for C isotope fractionation.
Functional trait correlation network and proteomic analysis reveal multifactorial adaptation mechanisms to a climatic gradient associated with high altitude in the Himalayan region
Authors: Kumari Manglesh , Kumar Rajiv
Published: January 2024

Globally occurring changes in environmental conditions necessitate extending our knowledge of the system‐level mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to multifactorial stress conditions or stress combinations. This is crucial for designing new strategies to maintain plant performance under simultaneous abiotic pressure. Here, we conducted our study at Rohtang Pass and sampled Picrorhiza kurroa leaves along high‐altitude gradient (3400, 3800 and 4100 meters above sea level) in the western Himalayas. The results showed the functional traits associated with morpho‐anatomical structures and eco‐physiological performances are highly variable. The air temperature and relative humidity represent dominant environmental factors among others that significantly regulate plant's physiological performance by adjusting the functional traits in altitude‐specific manner. A trait coordination network is developed among significantly altered plant functional traits, which reveals high‐altitude associated trait‐based adaptation. Moreover, it reveals leaf area shows the highest degree, while photochemical quenching reflects the weighted degree of centrality in the network. Proteomic analysis reveals various stress‐responsive proteins, including antioxidants were accumulated to deal with combined stress factors. Furthermore, a high‐altitudinal protein interaction network unravels key players of alpine plant adaptation processes. Altogether, these systems demonstrate a complex molecular interaction web extending the current knowledge of high‐altitudinal alpine plant adaptation, particularly in an endangered medicinal herb, P. kurroa.
Transcriptional profiling identifies the early responses to Puccinia triticina infection in the adult plant leaf rust resistant wheat variety Toropi
Authors: Casassola Alice , Ereful Nelzo C. , Zanella Camila M. , Pandey Pooja , Brammer Sandra P. , Chaves Márcia S. , Martinelli José A. , Boyd Lesley A.
Published: January 2024

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), is a major disease of wheat and a significant problem for wheat production in Brazil. The Brazilian variety Toropi, released in 1965, has maintained high levels of field, adult plant resistance (APR) to leaf rust across global locations, while microscopic studies have indicated prehaustorial resistance mechanisms. Analyses of gene expression in flag leaves of Toropi, during the early stages of Pt infection, were undertaken to explore the mechanisms behind the APR in Toropi. Differential expression of wheat genes was undertaken, comparing Pt‐ to mock‐inoculated and Pt‐ to Pt‐inoculated time points. Analysis of gene expression indicated a strong response to Pt, which was fully active by 6 h after inoculation (hai). More genes were downregulated than upregulated, particularly at 6 and 12 hai. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated a shutting down of RNA and protein synthesis and an early effect on photosynthesis, with disruption of the electron transfer chain. Analyses of upregulated genes identified genes involved in ATP‐binding and protein kinase activity at 6 hai, supporting a rapid metabolic response to Pt infection. A general upregulation of genes involved in transport and metabolism indicated the need to relocate protein and organic‐based resources. Alignment of differentially expressed genes with the genomic regions defining four leaf rust APR quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in Toropi identified candidate resistance genes, including a sugar transporter, a receptor kinase and a seven‐transmembrane MLO family protein. In addition, 60 Pt genes were identified, 11 being annotated as potential effector proteins.
Demography with drones: detecting growth and survival of shrubs with unoccupied aerial systems
Authors: Olsoy Peter J. , Zaiats Andrii , Delparte Donna M. , Germino Matthew J. , Richardson Bryce A. , Roser Anna V. , Forbey Jennifer S. , Cattau Megan E. , Caughlin T. Trevor
Published: January 2024

Large‐scale disturbances, such as megafires, motivate restoration at equally large extents. Measuring the survival and growth of individual plants plays a key role in current efforts to monitor restoration success. However, the scale of modern restoration (e.g., >10,000 ha) challenges measurements of demographic rates with field data. In this study, we demonstrate how unoccupied aerial system (UAS) flights can provide an efficient solution to the tradeoff of precision and spatial extent in detecting demographic rates from the air. We flew two, sequential UAS flights at two sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) common gardens to measure the survival and growth of individual plants. The accuracy of Bayesian‐optimized segmentation of individual shrub canopies was high (73–95%, depending on the year and site), and remotely sensed survival estimates were within 10% of ground‐truthed survival censuses. Stand age structure affected remotely sensed estimates of growth; growth was overestimated relative to field‐based estimates by 57% in the first garden with older stands, but agreement was high in the second garden with younger stands. Further, younger stands (similar to those just after disturbance) with shorter, smaller plants were sometimes confused with other shrub species and bunchgrasses, demonstrating a need for integrating spectral classification approaches that are increasingly available on affordable UAS platforms. The older stand had several merged canopies, which led to an underestimation of abundance but did not bias remotely sensed survival estimates. Advances in segmentation and UAS structure from motion photogrammetry will enable demographic rate measurements at management‐relevant extents.
Fertilization during mineland rehabilitation may shift competitive outcomes toward invasive species
Authors: de Castro Arianne F. , Boanares Daniela , de Medeiros Sarmento Priscila S. , Caldeira Cecílio F. , Michelan Thaísa S. , Ramos Silvio J. , Gastauer Markus
Published: January 2024

Managing invasive species is essential for achieving mineland rehabilitation goals and ensuring the long‐term provision of critical ecosystem services while preventing new dispersion sources to neighboring areas. Traditional techniques include chemical and manual weeding, but frequent reinvasion limits their long‐term success. Therefore, additional integrated tools, such as stimulating natural competitors, may become necessary, especially where sensitive ecosystems, e.g. the ferruginous savanna ecosystem (cangas) from the Carajás National Forest, Eastern Amazon, Brazil, are found nearby rehabilitation sites. Here, we investigate the influence of different substrates and fertilization levels on the biotic interactions between two native canga grasses (Axonopus longispicus and Paspalum cinerascens) and the invasive molasses grass (Melinis minutiflora), which is frequently found in anthropized and natural ecosystems in Latin America. Nutrient application significantly influenced the growth, resource use strategies, and competitive outcomes of M. minutiflora. Nutrient application has positive effects on the growth of native species when cultivated in isolation but reduces plant development when subjected to competition with molasses grass, potentiating the invader. Although neither of the tested native species exhibited competitive advantages over M. minutiflora, increased nitrogen availability favored the competitive ability of this invasive grass. Thus, eliminating fertilization during mineland rehabilitation may be important for reducing the cover of M. minutiflora in the Carajás region, as sensitive canga ecosystems lack natural barriers against invasion. This strategic approach mitigates the operational risks and costs associated with combating invasive species from rehabilitating minelands, reducing propagule pressure on neighboring canga areas.
The miR159a‐PeMYB33 module regulates poplar adventitious rooting through the abscisic acid signal pathway
Authors: Zhao Meiqi , Lei Yijing , Wu Ling , Qi Haoran , Song Zihe , Xu Meng
Published: January 2024

As sessile organisms, plants experience variable environments and encounter diverse stresses during their growth and development. Adventitious rooting, orchestrated by multiple coordinated signaling pathways, represents an adaptive strategy evolved by plants to adapt to cope with changing environmental conditions. This study uncovered the role of the miR159a‐PeMYB33 module in the formation of adventitious roots (ARs) synergistically with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in poplar. Overexpression of miR159a increased the number of ARs and plant height while reducing sensitivity to ABA in transgenic plants. In contrast, inhibition of miR159a (using Short Tandem Target Mimic) or overexpression of PeMYB33 decreased the number of ARs in transgenic plants. Additionally, miR159a targets and cleaves transcripts of PeMYB33 using degradome analysis, which was further confirmed by a transient expression experiment of poplar protoplast. We show the miR159a‐PeMYB33 module controls ARs development in poplar through ABA signaling. In particular, we demonstrated that miR159a promotes the expression of genes in the ABA signaling pathway. The findings from this study shed light on the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing the development of ARs in poplar plants. The miR159a‐PeMYB33 module, in conjunction with ABA signaling, plays a crucial role in modulating AR formation and subsequent plant growth.
Collecting Information and Developing Narratives: the use of data on HS2 Phase One, UK
Authors:   HS2 Ltd, Halsted John
Published: January 2024

Large Infrastructure projects create vast amounts of data during the course of programmes of archaeological investigation, from the description of an archaeological deposit to complex three-dimensional survey data. It is key for future research and the completion of the archaeological programme that the data support the questions we wish to answer. This paper will consider the range of data generated from HS2 Phase One, and the potential of those data in the process of analysis and interpretation and their broader spatial and research context . The paper will also consider which data are key for different stages of the project lifecycle, and the extent to which the process of data capture may influence the narratives that are developed.
Metadata for Discovery. Planning for an Information Network
Authors: Zoldoske Teagan
Published: January 2024

In advance of building a new high speed rail line aimed at connecting the North and South of England, the UK is undertaking the largest archaeological intervention in its history. While the High Speed 2 (HS2) project has created a wealth of new information, before any of that information can be disseminated to the general public, it must first be properly collected, documented, and linked. To this end, data collection is integral to facilitate effective data dissemination and FAIR - Findable, Accessable, Interoperable and Reusable - data to achieve the greatest public value for an archive. The most exciting search results and maps come from what is often seen as scary technical jargon. This paper will discuss some of the limitations the Archaeology Data Service (ADS) experiences as a digital repository, what is currently being done to maximise the reach of the ADS collections, and what tools have been created to aid both depositors and digital archives alike. Starting at the beginning of the data life cycle, this article will show how large infrastructure projects like HS2 allow the ADS to work with depositors to raise issues about data collection, generation, and description during project development and how collaborative efforts can improve the creation and import of data and metadata into the archive. The ADS has made steps towards keeping our data FAIR but simple, both by streamlining what metadata is essential to foster better discovery and reuse within an archive, and from there, how metadata can be passed to external data catalogues such as ARIADNEplus and The National Archives in the UK.
A Systems Approach to Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Biotransport
Authors: Peirce-Cottler Shayn M. , Sander Edward A. , Fisher Matthew B. , Deymier Alix C. , LaDisa John F. , O'Connell Grace , Corr David T. , Han Bumsoo , Singh Anita , Wilson Sara E. , Lai Victor K. , Clyne Alisa Morss
Published: January 2024

The human body represents a collection of interacting systems that range in scale from nanometers to meters. Investigations from a systems perspective focus on how the parts work together to enact changes across spatial scales, and further our understanding of how systems function and fail. Here, we highlight systems approaches presented at the 2022 Summer Biomechanics, Bio-engineering, and Biotransport Conference in the areas of solid mechanics; fluid mechanics; tissue and cellular engineering; biotransport; and design, dynamics, and rehabilitation; and biomechanics education. Systems approaches are yielding new insights into human biology by leveraging state-of-the-art tools, which could ultimately lead to more informed design of therapies and medical devices for preventing and treating disease as well as rehabilitating patients using strategies that are uniquely optimized for each patient. Educational approaches can also be designed to foster a foundation of systems-level thinking.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Effect of Inclination on sCO2 Heat Transfer in a Circular Pipe
Authors: Gabriel-Ohanu Emmanuel , Shah Alok , Khadse Akshay , Fernandez Erik , Kapat Jayanta S.
Published: January 2024

Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) can be utilized as a working fluid in various thermal systems including large-scale power cycles; portable power production units, centralized coolant systems, and standalone cooling devices. However, the lack of accurate prediction tools such as heat transfer coefficient correlations and insufficient research studies about the mechanisms controlling heat transfer processes are hindering its practical realization for key energy and cooling systems. The overall objective of this study is to extend fundamental knowledge about heat transfer and fluid dynamic processes in conduits pertinent to sCO2 with an emphasis on flow direction and inclination effects. This paper presents the study on effects of gravity, buoyancy on sCO2 flow at temperatures near and away from the pseudo-critical temperature. The experimental setup consists of a high temperature and pressure sCO2 heat transfer loop and flow testing facility. Recently, researched sCO2 heat exchangers can have tubes oriented at different angles such as 45 deg or 90 deg to horizontal. For optimized design of efficient and cost-effective turbomachinery components utilizing sCO2 as the heat transfer fluid, an understanding of convective heat transfer inside a tube/pipe is equally as important as external heat transfer. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on sCO2 heat transfer at various inclinations with angles ranging from 0 deg (horizontal) to 90 deg (vertical) along with upward and downward flow direction with different inlet temperatures. Thermocouple-based temperature measurement is utilized at multiple locations within the test section axially and circumferentially to study the temperature distributions on the tube surface. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been performed using ANSYS Fluent to complement experimental data. The CFD and experiment have been analyzed against the well-known Gnielinski Nusselt number correlation.
2023 AAAS Kavli Science Journalism Award winners
Authors: Lane Earl
Published: January 2024

International awards program drew entries from a record 74 nations
In Other Journals
Authors: Jiang Di , McCartney Melissa , Ross Sarah H. , Maroso Mattia , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Suleymanov Yury , Wible Brad
Published: January 2024

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature