bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermally radiated micro-polar fluid with space-dependent heat source: Modified Cattaneo-Christov heat flux theory
Authors: Gangadhar Kotha , Prameela Macharla , Chamkha Ali J.
Published: October 2022

The principle aim is to investigate the micro-inertia for vertex viscosity effects that were utilized about design to act on heat energy. Heat transfer was imposed out that unsteady distributed stagnation point flow by micro-polar fluid. That define the energy equation, Cattaneo-Christov heat flux figure was used for formal Fourier's law. Effects on exponential space-dependent heat source and linear thermal radiation were more comprise on the interpreted model. Numerical technique finite element method was occupied about the results to ordinary differential equations that were acquired against governing partial differential equations below the convenient equal transformations. This flow reach toward the departure domain displayed the absorbed flow aspect and opposite flow aspect susceptible on that physical parameters elaborate into the analysis. In view of acquired results, we observed that thermal profile downturn about extra sizably higher values of relaxation time, during increase into increasing radiation factor. An increase in vertex viscosity increases angular motion. Moreover, space-dependent heat digestion is extra applicable about cooling process. That more, the acceptance of current results was entire as growing analogy into actual circulated work.
Water absorption behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced polymer composite with clamshell and cenosphere fillers
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Jena Hemalata
Published: October 2022

This article deals with the effect of filler material on the water absorption behaviour of glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. The fillers are cenosphere and clamshell which are industrial waste and marine waste, respectively. The composite with six layers of fibre is prepared using the most common way of hand lay-up process. Different contents of filler, that is, 0, 10 and 20 wt.% of clamshell and cenosphere are added in the glass fibre-epoxy polymer. These are the wastes that have the potential to be an important filler in polymer matrix composite (PMC). The water absorption behaviour of the glass composites is studied and found that filler content plays a significant role in the water absorption property. The addition of both fillers improves the water resistance of the composites. The diffusion mechanism of water absorption of the present composites follows the non-Fickian type. Composites with cenosphere filler show better water resistance when compared to composites with clamshell filler. The effect of moisture absorption on the tensile strength of composites is also investigated which shows that the tensile strength of the composites is degraded after water immersion. The degradation of the tensile strength in the composite is lower in the case of saline water when compared to distilled water. Tensile strength of the composite is increased with the addition of filler and is highest in glass fibre-epoxy composite at 20 wt.% for both clamshell and cenosphere fillers. 20 wt.% of clamshell filler in the composite shows better tensile strength when compared to 20 wt.% of cenosphere in the composite.
Nurses’ ethical challenges when providing care in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: AH Hillestad , AMM Rokstad , S Tretteteig , SG Julnes , B Lichtwarck , S Eriksen
Published: October 2022

Background: Older, frail patients with multimorbidity are at an especially high risk for disease severity and death from COVID-19. The social restrictions proved challenging for the residents, their relatives, and the care staff. While these restrictions clearly impacted daily life in Norwegian nursing homes, knowledge about how the pandemic influenced nursing practice is sparse. Aim: The aim of the study was to illuminate ethical difficult situations experienced by Norwegian nurses working in nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research design and participants: The research design involved semistructured individual interviews conducted with 15 nurses working in 8 nursing homes in 3 health regions in Norway, within both urban and rural areas. Ethical considerations: Oral and written information about the study was provided before the participants gave their written consent. The transcribed interviews were de-identified. The study was approved by the Norwegian Centre for Research Data. Findings: Four ethical difficult situations were identified: (a) turning the nursing home into a prison; (b) using medication to maintain peace and order; (c) being left alone with the responsibility; and (d) s. impact on decision-making. Conclusions: The nurses’ ethical challenges were intertwined with external factors, such as national and local guidelines, and the nurses’ own internalized factors, which were connected to their subjective professionality. This duality inflicted emotional distress and gave nurses few opportunities to perform nursing in a professionally sound and safe manner.
Microfinance and Healthcare Access in India: A Cross-Sectional Study on Microfinance Institution Beneficiaries
Authors: Buragohain Tridisha , Borkakoty Aparajeeta
Published: October 2022

Health and healthcare access have become topmost priorities of the underprivileged in the current world. It is of concern, as ill health and lack of access to healthcare lead to the loss of lives and livelihood and create perils of the poor masses. In this context, microfinance has proved to be a boon in providing income and livelihood and reducing poverty. The microfinance industry has ventured into the health sector to provide an affordable alternative to lack of access to healthcare finance. This study is an attempt to understand the perceptions of the microfinance beneficiaries and their perspective towards healthcare expenditure. The study focuses on the utilisation of microcredit towards healthcare access by the households that are covered under microfinance institutions.
Expanding the Dimensionality of Team Deviance: An Organizing Framework and Review
Authors: Spoelma Trevor , Chauhan Tamanna
Published: October 2022

Although team deviance is known to detract from team functioning, extant literature largely focuses on deviance that is independently enacted and directed internally toward other members. This relatively narrow focus poses limitations to the practical application of strategies to reduce the incidence and negative impact of team deviance. We offer a four-dimensional typology that takes into account features of team deviance that are important yet undertheorized: level of coordination and target membership. We use this typology to summarize current research, highlight the narratives on team deviance that underlie each dimension, and discuss how to advance the research domain.
Science of Reading in Special Education Teacher Preparation
Authors: Toste Jessica R. , Lindström Esther R.
Published: October 2022

Reading development is a complex cognitive process, and instruction must be guided by the science of what works, for whom, and under which conditions. Students with learning disabilities (LD) in reading require high-quality reading instruction and, often, intensive intervention delivered by knowledgeable teachers. Yet, many teachers enter the field unprepared to teach reading. This special series in Intervention in School and Clinic brings together teacher-educators and reading researchers for a collection of articles that address critical issues related to training future special education teachers. These articles describe the design and delivery of reading methods courses in special education teacher preparation programs, including usable, practical strategies for teacher-educators to implement.
Data Teams in Teacher Preparation: Improving Data-Based Instruction in Reading
Authors: Toste Jessica R. , Filderman Marissa J. , Espin Christine A.
Published: October 2022

Data-based instruction (DBI) is a process of collecting and using student progress data to guide decision-making related to intervention intensity and individualization for students with learning disabilities (LD). However, effective DBI requires that teachers have a range of knowledge and skills across multiple domains. Past research has shown that data teams can improve teachers’ use of data for instructional decision-making. This article describes the use of simulated data teams to build capacity for DBI among pre-service teachers in an undergraduate-level university course focused on intensive reading intervention. Three components are described for each weekly data team meeting: (a) mini professional development session (e.g., instruction led by course instructor focused on key DBI knowledge and skills), (b) data chat (e.g., review and discussion of student data), and (c) completion of a weekly team activity and submission. The structure and implementation of this 5-week, multi-component professional learning tool are detailed.
Change-Ability for a World in Flux
Authors: Rietveld Erik
Published: October 2022

This article aims to sketch a new integrative perspective on what I call change-ability. I define change-ability as skilled ways of coordinating with a rapidly changing world. Many urgent societal challenges – from climate change to obesity, from the mass extinction of species to fraying social cohesion – require people to collectively change everyday patterns of behaviour they take for granted. The key insight I start from is that to durably change undesirable patterns of behaviour, we could start by changing the affordances the environment offers – the possibilities for action offered to us by the living environment. The aim of this article is to sketch an integrative conceptual framework for understanding change-ability in terms in terms of a dynamical ‘brain ↔ body ↔ community ↔ landscape of affordances’ system. This Change-Ability Conceptual Framework starts from the idea that individuals and communities are situated in the same rich landscape of affordances and suggests that making communities more change-able entails transforming the material ‘grooves’ that have formed in this landscape of affordances.
Psychometric Properties, Factor Structure, and Validity of the Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward Scale in Children and Adults
Authors: Perlstein Samantha , Wagner Nicholas , Domínguez-Álvarez Beatriz , Gómez-Fraguela José Antonio , Romero Estrella , Lopez-Romero Laura , Waller Rebecca
Published: October 2022

Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits identify children at high risk of antisocial behavior. A recent theoretical model proposed that CU traits arise from low sensitivity to threat and affiliation. To assess these dimensions, we developed the parent- and self-reported Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward Scale (STARS) and tested its psychometric properties, factor structure, and construct validity. Samples 1 ( N =3 03; age 3–10; United States) and 2 ( N = 854 age 5–9; Spain) were children and Sample 3 was 514 young adults ( Mage = 19.89; United States). In Sample 1, differential item functioning and item response theory techniques were used to identify the best-performing items from a 64-item pool, resulting in 28 items that functioned equivalently across age and gender. Factor analysis indicated acceptable fit for the theorized two-factor structure with separate threat and affiliation factors in all three samples, which showed predictive validity in relation to CU traits in children and psychopathic traits in young adults.
Optimal control design for linear time-varying systems by interpolated variational iteration method
Authors: Shirazian Mohammad
Published: October 2022

Optimal control of linear time-varying (LTV) systems is one of the most common problems in engineering, economics, biology, etc. Solving this problem is not always possible, and this motivates us to improve the existing approximate solution methods. In this paper, the optimality conditions are first obtained, and then the well-known variational iteration method, interpolated by B-spline functions, is applied to solve these conditions. The method is also accelerated through the elimination of redundant calculations. Our method provides a feedback controller for LTV optimal control problems and does not need to solve any system of equations or optimization problems at each iteration. The convergence of the proposed method is proved, and the algorithm’s efficiency is illustrated through several examples.
Melphalan on day -1 versus day -2 in patients with plasma cell disorders undergoing autologous stem cell transplant
Authors: Watson Aleksandra N , Shah Shreya A , Shalhoub Sila D , Piedra Katrina M , Komanduri Krishna V , Kwon Deukwoo , Pereira Denise L
Published: October 2022

High-dose melphalan-based autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) remains a standard of care for plasma cell disorders (PCDs). Currently, there is variability in the literature surrounding the timing of melphalan administration to avoid potential cytotoxic effects, although the administration has been safely proposed when given at least 8 hours prior to stem cell infusion. The objectives of this study were to assess differences in safety and efficacy outcomes between day -1 and day -2 single-dose melphalan administration in patients undergoing ASCT for PCDs. A retrospective chart review was performed at our institution comparing patients receiving melphalan on day -1 to an equal number of patients receiving melphalan on day -2. The primary endpoint was time to neutrophil engraftment from stem cell infusion. Univariate analyses were performed. Mean time to neutrophil engraftment from stem cell infusion was identical at 10.7 days for both cohorts ( p = 0.88). Mean time to platelet engraftment from stem cell infusion was shorter with day -1 administration (17.4 vs. 18.6 days, p = 0.06). Mean time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment from melphalan infusion were significantly shorter with day -1 administration. Similar outcomes were observed for length of hospitalization, infection- and mucositis-related toxicities, hematologic response, transplant-related mortality, and overall survival. Our findings show no difference in time to neutrophil engraftment from stem cell infusion and a trend toward shorter time to platelet engraftment with day -1 administration. Based on our study, day -1 melphalan administration is an acceptable and safe practice.
A Decade of Police Use of Deadly Force Research (2011–2020)
Authors: Oramas Mora Daniela , Terrill William , Foster Jacob
Published: October 2022

The current study provides findings from a systematic review of the police use of deadly force literature over the most recently completed decade (2011–2020). After an exhaustive search of four scientific databases, 1,190 peer-reviewed articles related to the use of force were identified. Of these, 181 articles specifically examined deadly force, with 86 of them drawing on such force as the dependent variable. We found that the number of articles examining police use of deadly force increased dramatically over the course of the study period and encompassed a wide range of determinants of behavior. Citizen possession of a weapon continues to be the most consistent risk factor of police use of deadly force across decades of policing literature. Additionally, while many studies have attempted to examine the link between race and lethal force, a determination of such a relationship is difficult given both mixed findings and a lack of available national data.
Assessment of Path Model Fit: Evidence of Effectiveness and Recommendations for use of the RMSEA-P
Authors: Williams Larry J. , Williams Aaron R. , O’Boyle Ernest H.
Published: October 2022

We review the development of path model fit measures for latent variable models and highlight how they are different from global fit measures. Next, we consider findings from two published simulation articles that reach different conclusions about the effectiveness of one path model fit measure (RMSEA-P). We then report the results of a new simulation study aimed at resolving the questions of whether and how the RMSEA-P should be used by organizational researchers. These results show that the RMSEA-P and its confidence interval is very effective with multiple indicator models at identifying misspecifications across large and small sample sizes and is effective at identifying true models at moderate to large sample sizes. We conclude with recommendations for how the RMSEA-P can be incorporated along with other information into model evaluation.
Natalizumab extended-interval dosing in multiple sclerosis to mitigate progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk: initial study evidence and real-world experience
Authors: Perneczky Julian , Sellner Johann
Published: October 2022

The high efficacy of natalizumab in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) is without controversy. Indeed, effective disease control was not only demonstrated in the pivotal trials but has been corroborated impressively in real-world observations. This monoclonal IgG4 antibody blocks the α4β1 integrin-mediated leukocyte-endothelial interaction and thereby inhibits the migration of immune cells to the brain parenchyma. However, treatment with natalizumab carries the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). This potentially lethal side effect is a significant limitation for treatment initiation and long-term therapy. Natalizumab is given intravenously or subcutaneously in the standard dose of 300 mg every 4 weeks, allowing drug concentrations at levels that ensure continuous α4β1 integrin receptor saturation on the surface of immune cells. Extended-interval dosing (EID) is an emerging treatment approach that aims to mitigate the natalizumab-related PML risk by prolonging the standard infusion intervals to 6 weeks or even more. This treatment approach may abrogate the PML risk due to improved immune surveillance within the central nervous system while maintaining clinical efficacy. Moreover, even an individual interval dosing can be envisioned based on the availability of a biomarker that is capable of monitoring both safety and efficacy aspects. This review summarizes the early and encouraging evidence for EID from observational and randomized-controlled trials and discusses current limitations and upcoming challenges for introducing a tailored treatment approach.
A revised perspective on tourism-economic growth nexus, exploring tourism market diversification
Authors: Saboori Behnaz , Ghaderi Zahed , Soleymani Abdorreza
Published: October 2022

In this study for the first time, we examined the effect of tourism market diversification (TMD) on economic growth for 109 countries categorized by income groups. Employing Quantile regression, the results revealed that TMD contributes to the economic growth of low- and lower-middle-income countries only at the lower, and lower-to-intermediate quantiles. In high-income countries, TMD not only has no significant effect on economic growth at lower quantile of GDP, but its effect tends to be negative at higher quantiles. Our findings indicated that TMD strategies work better at lower levels of economic growth than at higher levels of economic growth.
Help-seeking strategies and treatment experiences among individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Spectrum Disorder in Iran: A qualitative study
Authors: Mianji Fahimeh , Kirmayer Laurence J.
Published: October 2022

Social, cultural, and structural factors are associated with delays in seeking help from mental health professionals and poor treatment adherence among patients with mood disorders. This qualitative study examined the perspectives on the services and response to treatments of individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BSD) in Iran through 37 in-depth semi-structured interviews with patients who had received BSD diagnosis and treatment (excluding Bipolar-I). Interviews explored two broad areas: 1) coping and help-seeking strategies; and 2) barriers to treatment and expectations of outcomes from treatment. Multiple factors influenced the help-seeking strategies and trajectories of patients with BSD diagnoses in Iran, including: structural limitations of the mental healthcare system; modes of practice of biological psychiatry; characteristics of the official psychology and counseling services permitted by Iran’s government; popular psychology and consultation (offered through social media from the diaspora) by Iranian psychologists and counsellors in the diaspora; and alternative spiritual and cult-based groups. To improve the quality and accessibility of mental health services, it is essential to have structural changes in the healthcare system that prioritize human rights and individuals’ values over the political and ideological values of the state and changes in the professions that promote secular training of mental healthcare providers and an ecosocial model of care.
Examine the public health impacts of functional somatic disorders using the DanFunD study
Authors: Jørgensen Torben , Dantoft Thomas Meinertz , Weinreich Petersen Marie , Eriksen Benros Michael , Poulsen Chalotte Heinsvig , Falgaard Eplov Lene , Gormsen Lise , Frostholm Lisbeth , Carstensen Tina Birgitte Wisbech , Holm Eliasen Marie , Kårhus Line Lund , Skovbjerg Sine , Bjerregaard Anne Ahrendt , Brix Susanne , Linneberg Allan , Fink Per
Published: October 2022

Background: Persistent physical symptoms (e.g. pain, fatigue) are prevalent in the population and some persons may develop a functional somatic disorder (FSD). We still need to explore the limits between general bodily sensations and FSD, and great controversies exist as regard delimitation, occurrence, risk factors, prognosis, and costs of FSD in the general population. This is mainly due to the lack of focused, sufficient powered, population-based epidemiological studies. Material and Methods: The DanFunD study is the largest focused population-based study on FSD and has the potential to answer these crucial questions regarding the FSD disorders. DanFunD has its origin in the Copenhagen area of Denmark and was initiated in 2009 by an interdisciplinary team of researchers including basic scientists, clinical researchers, epidemiologists, and public health researchers. A population-based cohort of nearly 10,000 people have filled in detailed questionnaires, gone through a thorough health examination, and a biobank is established. The cohort was re-examined after five years. Results:The prevalence of FSD in the Danish population is about 10-15% and is twice as common in women as in men. Persons with FSD report impaired daily activities and low self-perceived health, which qualifies FSD as a major public health problem. The research plan to unravel the risk factors for FSD employs a bio-psycho-social approach according to a detailed plan. Preliminary results are presented, and work is in progress. Likewise, plans for assessing prognosis and health care costs are provided. Conclusion: We invite researchers in the field to collaborate on this unique data material.
Normative values of short-term heart rate variability in a cross-sectional study of a Danish population. The DanFunD study
Authors: Brinth Louise S. , Jørgensen Torben , Mehlsen Jesper , Petersen Marie W. , Gormsen Lise , Linneberg Allan , Fink Per , Benros Michael E. , Dantoft Thomas M.
Published: October 2022

Aims:

The autonomic nervous system includes parasympathetic and sympathetic components that monitor and regulate most of the bodily functions and play a central role in the physiology and homeostasis of the human body. Heart rate variability is a non-invasive tool for quantification of rhythmic fluctuations in heart rate that reflects the function of the autonomic nervous system. The study aims to describe the heart rate variability distribution in the general population, stratified in sex and age groups, which is currently insufficiently described.

Methods:

A cross-sectional population-based study recruited participants in 10 municipalities in the western part of the greater Copenhagen area in Denmark, including 6891 men and women aged 18–72 years (participation rate was 29.5%). Short-term heart rate variability measures were obtained and related to age and gender.

Results:

Both time and frequency domain measures showed a huge variation in the different sex and age groups. Women had a higher median heart rate than men, and the association with age was U-shaped. Measures indicating a predominance of the parasympathetic component in relation to the sympathetic component were more frequent in women and younger age groups.

Conclusions:

Both sex and age influence the heart rate variability in this adult Danish population. Therefore, our age- and sex-related reference values of heart rate variability in the time and frequency domain should be used in further epidemiological and clinical research.
Migration health research in the Nordic countries: Priorities and implications for public health
Authors: Kumar Bernadette N. , Diaz Esperanza , Castaneda Anu E. , Ahrne Malin , NØrredam Marie L. , Puthoopparambil Soorej J.
Published: October 2022

The past 50 years have witnessed an increase in immigration to the Nordic countries from and beyond neighbouring countries in Europe. Diversity implies variations and differences in health status and health outcomes both within and across populations. Migrant health research has not been prioritized and health policies and practice, especially long-term national plans, often exclude migrants. In this article, we briefly trace the history, the groups, reasons for migration and the road to migrant health research in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. We discuss the case for data and research including needs, basis for data collection and the methodological challenges. We provide a brief snapshot of migrant health research, identify current gaps and discuss the implications for research. We recommend a regional Nordic strategy to promote intercountry exchange, sharing and learning. Finally, we reflect on the larger picture, implications for policy and practice that could enable societal conditions to reduce avoidable health inequalities.
Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting with asymmetric hybrid bracing beam
Authors: Ma Tianbing , Yin Liming , Zhang Zhihao , Yin Menghan , Du Fei , Sun Kaiheng
Published: October 2022

In order to reduce the natural frequency of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, improve the output power of the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester, and meet the demand of power supply for the low-power wireless switch in the low-frequency vibration environment, an asymmetric hybrid supported beam piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is proposed. The theoretical model of the hybrid support beam was established. The correlation factors affecting the open-circuit voltage and the total output power of the hybrid braced beam were analyzed. The dimensional parameters of the hybrid supported beam piezoelectric energy harvester were optimized by using the optimization method of orthogonal experiments. Different coincidence degrees experiments were used to further optimize the structural design of the hybrid support beam. The test results show that the maximum output power is 770 μW, when the external excitation frequency is 1.0  g and the external resistance is 50 kΩ. Finally, a wireless switch test system was established, and the piezoelectric vibration energy harvester was experimentally verified to be capable of powering the wireless switch.
Delivering community-based social work: The role of participatory action research in supporting community harm prevention in rural Cambodia
Authors: Henley Lee J , Stanley-Clarke Nicky , Thompson Emily , Henley Zoey , Chhay Yary , Kea Solida
Published: October 2022

Community-based harm reduction workshops are delivered to reduce a range of community-based risks. In this instance, a community-based non-government organisation (NGO) delivered workshops to 18 villages in a rural setting in Cambodia. This article presents the approach to the delivery of these workshops. The article explores a journey of learning for the community, local authorities and delivering NGO when moving from a more traditional approach to that of a participatory one and the impact on the organisation, community and local authorities as this journey took place. The methods and approaches are explained, findings are presented and discussed, and recommendations for future community-based harm prevention work are made.
Warped Gaussian processes for predicting the degradation of aerospace structures
Authors: Pfingstl Simon , Braun Christian , Nasrollahi Amir , Chang Fu-Kuo , Zimmermann Markus
Published: October 2022

Gaussian processes (GPs) can be used to predict future states of a system with credible intervals when considering multiple previous trajectories for training. For example, predicting the degradation of mechanical structures is one application in which they have shown their usefulness. In modeling the system output as a GP, the output is presumed to be normally distributed—assuming the predictions to be defined from negative to positive infinity. However, this assumption does not hold in many applications as, for example, crack lengths and damage indices can only assume positive values. Moreover, several degradation trajectories for training are rare in real-world applications, and the current state of a monitored system, which is used to update the prediction, can often be not directly measured. This paper presents an approach that utilizes warped GPs for treating data that is not normally distributed while considering multiple degradation trajectories for training. The approach is successfully applied to two different crack propagation examples: first, an analytically computed pre-cracked infinite plate, and second, two equally manufactured aluminum structures that resemble a lower section of a wing. For the investigated aerospace structures, we use finite element (FE) simulations to generate multiple degradation trajectories for training. To estimate their hidden degradation states, we infer the current crack length from strain measurements by using Bayesian inference. The results show that the approach of warped GPs provides more accurate predictions than using standard ones for non-normally distributed data, as is the case for crack growth problems. The approach enables quick training of warped GPs while considering multiple training trajectories. Additionally, the crack lengths estimated from strain measurements agree well with the visually inspected ones. Ultimately, the presented approach enables estimating the current and future degradation states with credible intervals that can be used to improve maintenance scheduling.
Effects of inter-reflections on the correlated colour temperature and colour rendition of the light field
Authors: Yu C , Wijntjes M , Eisemann E , Pont S
Published: October 2022

In everyday scenes, the effective light (the actual light in a space) can be defined as a complex light field, resulting from a mixture of emissive light sources and indirect mutual surface (inter-)reflections. Hence, the light field typically consists of diffuse and directional illumination and varies in spectral irradiance as a function of location and direction. The spatially varying differences between the diffuse and directional illumination spectra induce correlated colour temperature (CCT) and colour rendition variations over the light fields. Here, we aim to investigate the colourimetric properties of the actual light, termed the effective CCT and colour rendition, for spaces of one reflectance (uni-chromatic spaces). The spectra of the diffuse light-field component (light density) and the directional light-field component (light vector) were measured in both physical and simulated uni-chromatic spaces illuminated by ordinary white light sources. We empirically tested the effective CCT and colour rendition for the light density and the light vector, separately. There were significant differences between the lamp-specified CCT and colour rendition and the actual light-based effective CCT and effective colour rendition. Inter-reflections predominantly affected the CCT and colour rendition of the light density relative to the light vector. Treating the diffuse and directional light-field components in a linear model reveals the separate influences of the light source and scene. These effects show the importance of a 3D version of colour checkers for lighting designers, architects or in general computer graphics applications, for which we propose simple Lambertian spheres.
Civic Education’s Role in Advancing Health Equity for LGBTQIA2S+ Youth
Authors: Kattari Leonardo
Published: October 2022

A healthy democracy requires civic engagement from citizens. In the current political climate that is hostile toward LGBTQIA2S+ youth, young adults, and individuals of all ages, it is imperative that public health promotion integrate civic education into health education programs to build civic engagement knowledge, skills, and efficacy among young people. In the United States, we are experiencing an alarming increase in state and federal policies designed to censor and erase LGBTQIA2S+ history and visibility, critical race theory, and civic education. Public health practitioners have an opportunity and a responsibility to integrate civic education as a crucial component of health promotion and education not just to advance LGBTQIA2S+ justice but justice and equity in all its forms.
Sports Facilities as a Housing Amenity: Do Prices Follow Facilities?
Authors: Propheter Geoffrey
Published: October 2022

The sports facility amenity theory predicts that when facility sites change, home prices nearer the prior site decline while home prices nearer the new site increase. Using home sales data in the vicinity of two proposed facility sites for the Golden State Warriors in San Francisco, the data are generally supportive of the amenity theory. The study also shows that Euclidean and walking distance can yield dissimilar treatment effect sizes, thus compelling researchers to justify their distance measurement choice. Finally, the data provide weak support that home buyers respond to changes in facility re-designs towards increased public benefits.
Curating a Scopic Contact Zone: Short Video, Rural Performativity, and the Mediatization of Socio-Spatial Order in China
Authors: Zou Sheng
Published: October 2022

With the promulgation of the “rural revitalization” initiative, China has been promoting the marriage between technology and rurality to chart a digital future for what is christened “a new countryside.” Rural revitalization is not simply a socio-economic project but a profoundly ideological one, which choreographs a socio-spatial order, fashions an aspirational rural subjectivity, and realigns imaginaries of rurality. This article examines the role of short video in fostering an emergent rural performativity in line with official ideology through idyll-icized displays of rural lifestyles and landscapes, which are loaded with affective and ideological connotations. A scopic contact zone is thus carved out between rural vloggers and urban viewers, one characterized by mutual appropriation and strategic differentiation. This article foregrounds the limitations of this urban-rural contact zone and its immanent “cruel optimism,” while advocating a kind of radical utopia to enable imaginations of the alternative futures of digital rurality.
Mitigating the Turnout Effects of Bad Weather With Early Voting: 1948–2016
Authors: Johnson Martin , Stein Robert M.
Published: October 2022

We identify in-person early voting and no-excuse mail voting as antidotes for the depressing effect inclement weather has on voter turnout and the Republican dividend that accompanies rain and snow on Election Day. We offer and test an explanation for how voters utilize early voting to anticipate and avoid the costs of voting in bad weather. Replicating and extending Gomez et al (2007) analysis through the 2016 election, we confirm the remedial effect in-person early voting and to a lesser degree no-excuse mail voting has on turnout and the Republican advantage when bad weather coincides with Election Day. Our work makes an important contribution to understanding how election laws effect voter participation. We discuss how taking seriously treatment effect heterogeneity both in theoretical and empirical analyses might contribute to our understanding of the effects of election laws on voter participation.
Predicting medical events and ICU requirements using a multimodal multiobjective transformer network
Authors: Jana Sudeshna , Dasgupta Tirthankar , Dey Lipika
Published: October 2022

Effective utilization of premium hospital resources such as intensive care unit (ICU), operating theater (OT), mechanical ventilator, endotracheal tube, and so on plays a significant role in providing high-quality care to critically ill patients within reasonable costs. Non-availability of specialized resources can lead to dire consequences for such patients, and in the worst case, may even turn out to be fatal. However, these resources cannot be kept idle, as they are expensive to maintain. Therefore, one of the core functions of hospital management is targeted at planning and managing these critical resources in order to provide efficient and effective health-care services to the end-users. Predictive technologies play a big role in this. In this article, we present methods for predicting the length of stay in ICU as well as the need for critical interventions for a patient based on the vital signs, laboratory measurements, and the nursing notes of the patient prepared within the first 24 h of ICU stay. The model has been built and cross-validated on the publicly available Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III v1.4) data set. We show that the proposed model performs way better than most of the earlier models in the prediction of ICU stay, which had used patient vitals primarily. Experimental results also demonstrate the advantage of using a multiobjective model over independent models for the prediction of ICU stay and critical interventions. The proposed model uses Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME) that help in identifying the features responsible for predictive decisions. This is very useful in building trust and confidence in the prediction model among clinical practitioners.
Global Responses to Climate Security: Discourses, Institutions and Actions
Authors: Bremberg Niklas , Mobjörk Malin , Krampe Florian
Published: October 2022

Research suggests that International Organizations (IOs) are getting more involved in efforts to mitigate and adapt to climate-related security risks in different parts of the world. However, there is still a limited understanding of how discourse and action on climate security develop and diffuse in and across different institutional settings in various policy fields and geographical contexts. This article aims to contribute to advancing the research agenda by outlining an analytical framework that helps structure comparison across IOs along three key dimensions: (a) discursive framing; (b) institutional design; and (c) policy actions. To illustrate how the framework can be used in empirical analyses the article discusses findings from previous research. This is not only relevant to highlight the framework’s analytical usefulness as it also shows the relevance of these research findings for practitioners and decision-makers engaged in efforts to enhance the role of IOs in global governance of climate security—and across the humanitarian-development-peacebuilding nexus.
The Promise of Artificial Intelligence in Supporting an Aging Population
Authors: Czaja Sara J. , Ceruso Marco
Published: October 2022

The aging of the population is a great achievement but also poses challenges for society, families, and older adults. Because of age-related changes in abilities, many older adults encounter difficulties that threaten independence and well-being. Further, the likelihood of developing a disability or a chronic condition increases with age. Currently, family members provide a significant source of support for older adults. However, changes in family and social structures raises questions regarding how care will be provided to future cohorts of older adults. There is clearly a need for innovative strategies to address care needs of future generations of aging individuals. Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications hold promise in terms of providing support for older adults. For example, applications are available that can track and monitor vital signs, health indicators, and cognition; or provide support for everyday activities. This paper highlights, with examples, the potential role of AI in providing support for aging adults to enhance independent living and the quality of life for both older adults and families. Challenges associated with the implementation of AI applications are also discussed and recommendations for needed research are highlighted.
Piezoelectric vibration energy harvester: Operating mode, excitation type and dynamics
Authors: Zhou Weipeng , Du Dongmei , Cui Qian , Yang Ziming , Lu Chang , Wang Yuhao , He Qing
Published: October 2022

Nowadays, with the rapid development of the intelligent era and the concept of Internet of Things being proposed, more and more sensors will play a more important role. Providing a sustainable power source for sensors has become the focus of current research in microsystem power generation. The harvesting of widely available vibrational energy from the environment for use as an alternative power source for sensors is of great significance in efficient energy utilization. Researchers have been working on developing efficient energy harvesters for broadband and efficient energy harvesting. Nonlinear energy harvesting holds more significant promise. In this paper, we summarized and reviewed the research progress of three different harvesting methods from the perspective of varying energy harvesting methods. We also listed the operation of various harvesters under different excitation types. At the same time, nonlinear energy harvesters with different structural characteristics are reviewed, the benefits of nonlinearity on energy harvesting are effectively collected, and the practical applications are summarized. Finally, current methods and mechanisms to improve the collection efficiency of energy harvesters are described and summarized. Briefly, this review introduces the research development of existing energy harvesting technologies, summarizes the technically difficult problems faced by piezoelectric energy harvesting technologies, and provides an outlook for future research and development trends of piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting technologies.
Volodymyr Zelenskyy, heroic leadership, and the historical gaze
Authors: Spector Bert
Published: October 2022

Since the onset of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, a great many people have cojoined their admiration for the grit and determination shown by the Ukraine people with their esteem for the nation’s formal leader, Volodymyr Zelenskyy. He has been constructed, particularly in the Western press, as kind of larger-than-life hero, displaying physical courage, resilience, and a brilliant use of communication skills to help mobilize world opinion. But the construction of heroic leadership raises concern within the framework of critical leadership given the often-accompanying characteristics of worshipful acquiescence, hyper-masculinity, and an overly individualized view of causation. In addressing the tension between holding Zelenskyy up as an admirable, even heroic leader while simultaneously harboring a deep distrust of any notion of heroic leadership, the essay examines the historiography devoted to an earlier heroic leader, Martin Luther King, Jr. The goal of this essay is to provoke thought and deepen an appreciation for the complexity of the heroic leadership construct.
Individual differences in theory of mind correlate with the occurrence of false memory: A study with the DRM task
Authors: Gatti Daniele , Stagnitto Serena Maria , Basile Chiara , Mazzoni Giuliana , Vecchi Tomaso , Rinaldi Luca , Lecce Serena
Published: October 2022

Although long-term memory and Theory of Mind (ToM) are closely related across the whole lifespan, little is known about the relationship between ToM and semantic memory. Clinical studies have documented the co-occurrence of ToM impairments and semantic memory abnormalities in individuals with autism or semantic dementia. However, to date, no study has directly investigated the existence of a relationship between ToM and semantic memory in the typical population. We addressed this gap on a sample of 103 healthy adults ( M age = 22.96 years; age range = 19–35 years). Participants completed a classical false memory task tapping on semantic processes, the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) task, and two ToM tasks, the Triangles and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes task. They also completed the vocabulary scale from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Results showed that participants’ semantic performance in the DRM task was significantly related to that in the Triangles task. Specifically, the higher participants’ ToM in the Triangles task, the higher participants’ reliance on semantic memory while making false memories in the DRM task. Our findings are consistent with the Fuzzy Trace Theory and the Weak Central Coherence account and suggest that a (partially) common cognitive process responsible for global versus detailed-focus information processing could underlie these two abilities.
Frequent experience with face coverings for 10 months improves emotion perception among individuals with high autistic traits: A repeated cross-sectional study
Authors: Ong Jia Hoong , Liu Fang
Published: October 2022

Face coverings pose difficulties for emotion recognition, but it is unclear whether improvement in recognising emotions from the eyes is possible with experience and whether this might be dependent on one’s autistic traits, given the associations between high autistic traits and poorer emotion perception and reduced gaze to the eye region. In this preregistered study, participants completed a forced-choice emotion recognition task with photographs of eyes and demographic questionnaires that measure their autistic traits and their interaction frequency with others wearing face coverings at two time points: once at the start of the face covering mandate and again 10 months later. We found that after 10 months, individuals with high autistic traits as a cohort recognised emotions from just the eyes better as a function of their experience with others wearing face coverings, suggesting that emotion perception is malleable even for those who have difficulties with emotion perception.