bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A polarizable valence electron density based force field for high-energy interactions between atoms and molecules
Authors: Romero José , Limão-Vieira Paulo , Maihom Thana , Hermansson Kersti , Probst Michael
Published: June 2024

High-accuracy molecular force field models suited for hot gases and plasmas are not as abundant as those geared toward ambient pressure and temperature conditions. Here, we present an improved version of our previous electron-density based force field model that can now account for polarization effects by adjusting the atomic valence electron contributions to match ab initio calculated Mulliken partial charges. Using a slightly modified version of the Hohenberg–Kohn theorem, we also include an improved theoretical formulation of our model when applied to systems with degenerate ground states. We present two variants of our polarizable model, fitted from ab initio reference data calculated at CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ and CCSD(T)/CEP-31G levels of theory, that both accurately model water dimer interaction energies. Further improvements include the additional interaction components with fictitious non-spherically symmetric, yet atom-centered, electron densities and fitting the exchange and correlation coefficients against analytical expressions. The latter removes all unphysical oscillations that are observed in the previous non-polarizable variant of our force field.
Beyond the standard model of topological Josephson junctions: From crystalline anisotropy to finite-size and diode effects
Authors: Pekerten Barış , Brandão David S. , Bussiere Bailey , Monroe David , Zhou Tong , Han Jong E. , Shabani Javad , Matos-Abiague Alex , Žutić Igor
Published: June 2024

A planar Josephson junction is a versatile platform to realize topological superconductivity over a large parameter space and host Majorana bound states. With a change in the Zeeman field, this system undergoes a transition from trivial to topological superconductivity accompanied by a jump in the superconducting phase difference between the two superconductors. A standard model of these Josephson junctions, which can be fabricated to have a nearly perfect interfacial transparency, predicts a simple universal behavior. In that model, at the same value of Zeeman field for the topological transition, there is a π phase jump and a minimum in the critical superconducting current, while applying a controllable phase difference yields a diamond-shaped topological region as a function of that phase difference and a Zeeman field. In contrast, even for a perfect interfacial transparency, we find a much richer and nonuniversal behavior as the width of the superconductor is varied or the Dresselhaus spin–orbit coupling is considered. The Zeeman field for the phase jump, not necessarily π, is different from the value for the minimum critical current, while there is a strong deviation from the diamond-like topological region. These Josephson junctions show a striking example of a nonreciprocal transport and superconducting diode effect, revealing the importance of our findings not only for topological superconductivity and fault-tolerant quantum computing but also for superconducting spintronics.
Cascades and Kolmogorov's lognormal scaling in two-dimensional bacterial turbulence
Authors: Huang Yongxiang
Published: June 2024

Collective movements of bacteria exhibit a remarkable pattern of turbulence-like vortices, in which the Richardson cascade plays an important role. In this work, we examine the energy and enstrophy cascades and their associated lognormal statistics using experimental velocity field data. The coherent structure observed on a large scale is due to the presence of the inverse energy cascade, while the kinetic energy is dissipated at all scales, since these active movements occur below the fluid viscosity scale. The forward enstrophy cascade occurs with injection at all scales and may be represented by other nonlinear interactions that are not captured by the existing experimental data. Furthermore, the lognormal statistics for both energy dissipation and enstrophy fields is verified in accordance with the Kolmogorov 1962 refined theory of turbulence. Their scaling exponents can be well described by the lognormal formula with intermittency parameters comparable with those of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic turbulence. The joint analysis of the multifractal measures of the energy dissipation rate and enstrophy follows an ellipse model from the lognormal statistics. Our results confirm the coexistence of the inverse energy cascade and the intermittency correction of the velocity scaling in this active fluid system. An inverse energy cascade diagram below the fluid viscosity is summarized to describe the observed two-dimensional bacterial turbulence. Our work provides an example of an active-flow model benchmark.
Insights into stereoselective ring formation in canonical strigolactone: Identification of a dirigent domain-containing enzyme catalyzing orobanchol synthesis
Authors: Homma Masato , Wakabayashi Takatoshi , Moriwaki Yoshitaka , Shiotani Nanami , Shigeta Takumi , Isobe Kazuki , Okazawa Atsushi , Ohta Daisaku , Terada Tohru , Shimizu Kentaro , Mizutani Masaharu , Takikawa Hirosato , Sugimoto Yukihiro
Published: June 2024

Strigolactones (SLs) are plant apocarotenoids with diverse roles and structures. Canonical SLs, widespread and characterized by structural variations in their tricyclic lactone (ABC-ring), are classified into two types based on C-ring configurations. The steric C-ring configuration emerges during the BC-ring closure, downstream of the biosynthetic intermediate, carlactonoic acid (CLA). Most plants produce either type of canonical SLs stereoselectively, e.g., tomato (
Solanum lycopersicum
) yields orobanchol with an α-oriented C-ring. The mechanisms driving SL structural diversification are partially understood, with limited insight into functional implications. Furthermore, the exact molecular mechanism for the stereoselective BC-ring closure reaction is yet to be known. We identified an enzyme, the stereoselective BC-ring-forming factor (SRF), from the dirigent protein (DIR) family, specifically the DIR-f subfamily, whose biochemical function had not been characterized, making it a key enzyme in stereoselective canonical SL biosynthesis with the α-oriented C-ring. We first confirm the precise catalytic function of the tomato cytochrome P450 SlCYP722C, previously shown to be involved in orobanchol biosynthesis [T. Wakabayashi et al.,
Sci. Adv.
5
, eaax9067 (2019)], to convert CLA to 18-oxocarlactonoic acid. We then show that SRF catalyzes the stereoselective BC-ring closure reaction of 18-oxocarlactonoic acid, forming orobanchol. Our methodology combines experimental and computational techniques, including SRF structure prediction and conducting molecular dynamics simulations, suggesting a catalytic mechanism based on the conrotatory 4π-electrocyclic reaction for the stereoselective BC-ring formation in orobanchol. This study sheds light on the molecular basis of how plants produce SLs with specific stereochemistry in a controlled manner.
A CUC1/auxin genetic module links cell polarity to patterned tissue growth and leaf shape diversity in crucifer plants
Authors: Hu Zi-Liang , Wilson-Sánchez David , Bhatia Neha , Rast-Somssich Madlen I. , Wu Anhui , Vlad Daniela , McGuire Liam , Nikolov Lachezar A. , Laufs Patrick , Gan Xiangchao , Laurent Stefan , Runions Adam , Tsiantis Miltos
Published: June 2024

How tissue-level information encoded by fields of regulatory gene activity is translated into the patterns of cell polarity and growth that generate the diverse shapes of different species remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate this problem in the case of leaf shape differences between
Arabidopsis thaliana
, which has simple leaves, and its relative
Cardamine hirsuta
that has complex leaves divided into leaflets. We show that patterned expression of the transcription factor CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON1 in
C. hirsuta
(ChCUC1) is a key determinant of leaf shape differences between the two species. Through inducible genetic perturbations, time-lapse imaging of growth, and computational modeling, we find that ChCUC1 provides instructive input into auxin-based leaf margin patterning. This input arises via transcriptional regulation of multiple auxin homeostasis components, including direct activation of WAG kinases that are known to regulate the polarity of PIN-FORMED auxin transporters. Thus, we have uncovered a mechanism that bridges biological scales by linking spatially distributed and species-specific transcription factor expression to cell-level polarity and growth, to shape diverse leaf forms.
Experto crede
Authors: Szczyrbak Magdalena
Published: June 2024

The article explains the processes involved in knowledge sharing and support giving in an open FB forum dedicated
to endometriosis. It builds on the existing understanding of experiential knowledge, as well as adopts Jovchelovitch’s (2007) perspective on knowledge diversity and representation which views knowledge
construction as an intersubjective process. The analysis looks at the what, the who, and the how of the community in question,
focusing in particular on three areas: identity work (self- and other-categorisation); perspective sharing and recognition by
“significant others”; and epistemic self-other positioning. The analysis determines the most common strategies of categorisation,
identifies ways of constructing shared understanding, as well as reveals that the participants’ personal truths are based
primarily on their embodied experience and hearsay.
No seas buey, cabrón
Authors: Maldonado Ricardo
Published: June 2024

El presente artículo analiza la evolución diacrónica de dos vocablos de tratamiento familiar de notable frecuencia
en el español de México cuyo origen designa animales. Su primera extensión semántica durante el siglo XIX es altamente ofensiva
buey = “tonto”, cabrón = “rufián”. Este estudio ubica la emergencia de los valores pragmáticos de ambas formas alrededor de 1960 y
reconoce su uso como representante de importantes cambios de orden social. Con base en la comparación de tres corpus orales de
distintos grados de informalidad, el estudio rastrea la pérdida de rasgos fonémicos y semánticos de cada forma en favor de la
emergencia de valores pragmáticos. Los procesos de erosión fonémica [buey] > [guéi] > [wei] > [we] // [kabrón] >
[kabrón] > [kaón] son interpretados como reflejos de erosión semántica que llevan a la formación de formas de
tratamiento cercano y que, a su vez, desarrollan valores de marcación discursiva siguiendo los pasos de un recurrente proceso de
pragmaticalización.
Selling a Ferrari like Sliced Meat: Confident Stance-Taking, Blockchain Doxa, and the Splitting Power of Asset Tokenization
Authors: Yokoyama Yura
Published: June 2024

Asset tokenization, a financial practice that generates tokens based on distributed ledger technologies such as blockchain, is a representational practice in which token issuers establish artificially devised sign relationships between tokens and assets, despite some issues and complexities of blockchain. Human confidence in this practice is critical for its successful implementation. This article suggests that human confidence in blockchain is supported and circulated by the doxa of blockchain, which the article frames as a linguistic phenomenon where people talk more about how to use a given object than about the object itself. By paying attention to the artificially devised sign relations between tokens and assets and confident stance-taking toward blockchain by users, the article argues that a linguistic approach is necessary to understand how human confidence makes asset tokenization happen.
Highlighting and Hiding: Images of Farmers in Chinese News Cartoons
Authors: Xi Rui
Published: June 2024

Drawing upon a multimodal corpus consisting of 48 farmer-themed cartoons retrieved from the China News Cartoon Network, this research aims to undertake a comprehensive analysis of farmers’ images constructed through the utilization of various multimodal metaphors and metonymies in news cartoons. A multimodal critical metaphor/metonymy analysis approach will be adopted to lay bare the hidden evaluative attitudes that underlie these tropes. Thorough scrutiny, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the study reveals the existence of five primary stereotypical media images of farmers in the Chinese news media. These include the depiction of farmers as economically disadvantaged laborers, powerless takers reliant on protection, contrasting figures to urban citizens, poorly educated criminals, and beneficiaries of agricultural policies. The predominantly one-dimensional, weakened, and biased images are intentionally (or unintentionally) crafted by the media through the use of metaphorical and metonymic mappings, which involve highlighting certain aspects while concealing others. The negative attitudes, discrimination, and stigmatization toward the least powerful members of Chinese society unveil the underlying unequal power dynamics, social hierarchy, and economic duality.
Manipulating the Spatial Structure of Second-Order Quantum Coherence Using Entangled Photons
Authors: Huang 黄 Shuang-Yin 双印 , Gao 高 Jing 菁 , Ren 任 Zhi-Cheng 志成 , Cheng 程 Zi-Mo 子默 , Zhu 朱 Wen-Zheng 文正 , Xue 薛 Shu-Tian 舒天 , Lou 娄 Yan-Chao 严超 , Liu 刘 Zhi-Feng 志峰 , Chen 陈 Chao 超 , Zhu 朱 Fei 飞 , Yang 杨 Li-Ping 立平 , Wang 汪 Xi-Lin 喜林 , Wang 王 Hui-Tian 慧田
Published: June 2024

High-order quantum coherence reveals the statistical correlation of quantum particles. Manipulation of quantum coherence of light in the temporal domain enables the production of the single-photon source, which has become one of the most important quantum resources. High-order quantum coherence in the spatial domain plays a crucial role in a variety of applications, such as quantum imaging, holography, and microscopy. However, the active control of second-order spatial quantum coherence remains a challenging task. Here we predict theoretically and demonstrate experimentally the first active manipulation of second-order spatial quantum coherence, which exhibits the capability of switching between bunching and anti-bunching, by mapping the entanglement of spatially structured photons. We also show that signal processing based on quantum coherence exhibits robust resistance to intensity disturbance. Our findings not only enhance existing applications but also pave the way for broader utilization of higher-order spatial quantum coherence.
Clinical application of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma: mechanisms and irradiation conditions
Authors: Jeong Eun Ji , Park Hyun Min , Lee Dong Jae , Lee Jun , Cho Jun Yeong , Seo Kyung Deok , Je Seokjun , Jung Min Hyung , Hwang Woo Yeon , Kim Kyung Sook
Published: June 2024

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has rapidly advanced as a pivotal area in medical research, notably in wound healing and cancer therapy. This review presents an overview of the mechanisms underlying the action of CAP on wound healing and cancer treatment. CAP plays opposing roles in wound healing and cancer treatment. In wound healing, CAP promotes cell migration and proliferation and eradicates pathogens near the wound site. In cancer therapy, CAP has been recognized for its ability to induce cell death through multiple mechanisms. These include activating the mitochondrial pathway, provoking endoplasmic reticulum stress, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), causing DNA damage, arresting the cell cycle, and modulating signaling pathways. Additionally, CAP’s oxidative stress can lead to significant changes in DNA and RNA within the nucleus, further contributing to its anti-cancer properties. These diverse effects underscore CAP’s therapeutic potential, though outcomes may differ based on the type of cancer and experimental settings. Furthermore, we compared the CAP application conditions for wound healing and cancer cell treatment. The type and concentration of ROS and RNS depend on plasma generation and treatment conditions. Thus, we aimed to identify the correlations between plasma properties and mechanisms of action by comparing CAP generation and treatment conditions in wound healing and cancer cell treatment.
Fast fabrication, gas sense characteristics and kinetics of cubic Ti-BIPA-TC-MOF film composite optical waveguides
Authors: Nizamidin Patima , Chen Huifang , Mamtmin Gulgina , Guo Caiping , Du Xiangdi , Yimit Abliz
Published: June 2024

A cubic Ti-metal-organic framework (MOF) ([Ti2–(TpA)2–H2BIPA]), constructed from a titanium metal centre and a benzo-imidephenanthroline tetracarboxylic acid (H4BIPA–TC) ligand was photo-inductively grown on the surface of a titanium dioxide (TiO2) composite optical waveguide (COWG) substrate and the influence of photo-inductive growth period on the [Ti2–(TpA)2–H2BIPA] film surface morphology, optical properties and gas adsorption/sensing characteristics was investigated. The results showed that [Ti2–(TpA)2–H2BIPA] formed a cubic structure after grew for only 5 min. As an ideal gas adsorbent, it exhibits a specific response to ethylenediamine (EDA) among various benzene, amine and acid gases, due to the intrinsic electron deficiency, rich COOH active sites of the Ti–BIPA–TC–MOF–5 frame and the higher molar refractive indexes or dipoles of EDA than other gases. In the EDA concentration range from 10 ppt to 100 ppm, the Ti–BIPA–TC–MOF–5 film COWG exhibited a rapid, repeatable response. Moreover, the Ti–BIPA–TC–MOF–5 film COWG was relatively stable, within 17 d of EDA detection, the response intensity was almost constant and slightly decreased within 40 d. In a static gas adsorption stage at 283–313 K, the EDA gas adsorption behaviour of the Ti–BIPA–TC–MOF–5 film is consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.
Asymmetric energy barrier induced magnetic skyrmion diodes in synthetic antiferromagnetic nanotracks
Authors: Xu Min , Hu Changjing , Zhang Zhiyu , Chen Wenlong , Chen Yuliang , Zhang Jinyu , Zhao Xiaoyu , Ning Jianyu , Wang Yifan
Published: June 2024

Magnetic skyrmions are nanoscale spin textures with topological protection properties, which are regarded as promising information carriers. When skyrmions move along nanotracks, their trajectories will shift if affected by skyrmion Hall effect and pinning effect. In this work, the influence of trapezoidal notches in synthetic antiferromagnetic nanotracks on the dynamics of skyrmions is investigated through micromagnetic simulation. The results exhibit that the asymmetric energy barrier induced by the asymmetric geometric structure can hinder reverse motion of skyrmions to realize the unidirectional conduction function of the diodes. Adjusting the height and inclination angle of the trapezoidal notch can effectively expand the current operating windows of the diodes, and the larger the height or inclination angle, the higher the threshold current density to overcome the pinning effect of the geometric energy barrier. Furthermore, the failure mode has a crucial impact on the implementation of skyrmion diodes. By utilizing the asymmetric structure, the forward conduction and reverse cutoff of skyrmion-based diodes can be achieved within 4 ns, with lower energy consumption than traditional diodes, resulting in high efficiency and low energy consumption of diodes. This work proposes a method for realizing the diode functionality by simply altering the geometric structure of the nanotracks, which may play an important role in the design and application of skyrmion-based diodes.
Characteristic simulation of underwater microsecond high-current pulsed arc discharge plasma
Authors: Shijie Huang , Yi Liu , Liuxia Li , Youlai Xu , Chenqian Zeng , Fuchang Lin
Published: June 2024

Modeling analysis of underwater pulsed arc discharge can predict the characteristics of plasma channels, providing theoretical guidance for the practical application of underwater pulsed discharge. Due to the complexity of experimental diagnostics for ‘kA’-level underwater pulsed discharge, there is currently a lack of precise experimental data to support the initial value selection and result optimization of the modeling. This paper established a plasma channel model for underwater pulsed arc discharge. In conjunction with the Saha ionization equilibrium equation, the model was capable of simulating the current, pressure, temperature, and electron density of the channel after gap breakdown. By utilizing spectroscopic diagnostic data and a multi-objective optimization algorithm, the initial values and key parameters of the model were reasonably determined. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental diagnostic results, reasonably representing the trends in electron density and blackbody radiation temperature. Moreover, the model was applicable for reasonably explaining the emission spectral mechanism of the arc channel and shock waves prediction under different discharge conditions.
Fano resonances in tilted Weyl semimetals in an oscillating quantum well
Authors: Das Souvik , Maity Arnab , Sarkar Rajib , Menon Anirudha , Nag Tanay , Basu Banasri
Published: June 2024

Considering the low-energy model of tilted Weyl semimetal, we study the electronic transmission through a periodically driven quantum well, oriented in the transverse direction with respect to the tilt. We adopt the formalism of Floquet scattering theory and investigate the emergence of Fano resonances as an outcome of matching between the Floquet sidebands and quasi-bound states. The Fano resonance energy changes linearly with the tilt strength suggesting the fact that tilt-mediated part of quasi-bound states energies depends on the above factor. Given a value of momentum parallel (perpendicular) to the tilt, we find that the energy gap between two Fano resonances, appearing for two adjacent values of transverse (collinear) momentum with respect to the tilt direction, is insensitive (sensitive) to the change in the tilt strength. Such a coupled (decoupled) behavior of tilt strength and the collinear (transverse) momentum can be understood from the tilt-mediated and normal parts of the quasi-bound state energies inside the potential well. We vary the other tilt parameters and chirality of the Weyl points to conclusively verify the exact form of the tilt-mediated part of the quasi-bound state energy that is the same as the tilt term in the static dispersion. The tilt orientation can significantly alter the transport in terms of evolution of Fano resoance energy with tilt momentum. We analytically find the explicit form of the bound state energy that further supports all our numerical findings. Our work paves the way to probe the tilt-mediated part of quasi-bound state energy to understand the complex interplay between the tilt and Fano resonance.
Tunable hybrid-order Weyl semimetal via staggered magnetic flux
Authors: Xu Chuanshu , Wang Jiyu , Luo Xi , Lu Xiancong
Published: June 2024

We investigate a hybrid-order Weyl semimetal (HOWS) constructed by stacking the two-dimensional kagome lattice with staggered magnetic flux. By adjusting the magnitude of flux, higher-order topological phases are tunably intertwined with the first-order topological Chern insulators, which is governed by the evolution of Weyl points. Meanwhile the surface Fermi arcs undergo topological Lifshitz transition. Notably, due to the breaking of time-reversal symmetry (TRS), a novel split of a quadratic double Weyl point occurs, giving rise to additional three type-II Weyl points hybridizing with one type-I node. This phenomenon plays a crucial role in realizing high-Chern-number phases with

C
=
±
2

and reveals a new mechanism for the emergence of type-II Weyl fermions in topological kagome semimetals. We anticipate that this study will stimulate further investigation into the unique physics of kagome materials and Weyl semimetals.
Electron–electron interactions in partially mixed helical states
Authors: Bakhshipour Zeinab , Hosseini Mir Vahid
Published: June 2024

We theoretically study the effect of electron–electron interactions in one-dimensional partially mixed helical states. These helical states can be realized at the edges of two-dimensional topological insulators with partially broken time-reversal symmetry, resulting in helical gapped states. Using the bosonization method and renormalization group analysis, we identify weak gap, crossover, and strong gap regimes in the phase diagram. We find that strong electron–electron interaction mixes the helicity of the states, leading to the relevant strong gap regime. We investigate the charge and spin density wave correlation functions in different relevancy regimes of the gap mediated by interactions, where in the case of strong repulsive interaction, the spin density wave dominates the charge density wave. Additionally, employing the Memory function technique, we calculate the effect of mixed helicity on the charge transport in a sufficiently long edge. We find a non-uniform temperature dependence for the charge conductivity in both the strong and weak gap regimes with distinct features.
A data-driven LSTMSCBLS model for soft sensor of industrial process
Authors: Ni Mingming , Li Shaojun
Published: June 2024

In the chemical industry, data-driven soft sensor modeling plays a crucial role in efficiently monitoring product quality and status. Industrial data in these applications typically exhibit significant temporal characteristics, meaning that current information is influenced by data from previous periods. Effectively extracting and utilizing these temporal features is essential for achieving accurate soft sensor modeling in complex chemical scenarios. To address this challenge, this study proposes a data-driven Broad Learning System (BLS) model, which combines Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks with an adaptive algorithm known as the Stochastic Configuration Algorithm (SC), referred to as LSTMSCBLS. The model operates in two stages: temporal feature extraction and final prediction. In the temporal feature extraction stage, the integration of the LSTM network with a feature attention mechanism allows for efficient extraction of temporal features from high-dimensional time-series data. In the final prediction stage, the SC is integrated into the BLS, effectively mitigating issues related to node space redundancy and the determination of the number of nodes. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model are demonstrated through two industrial case studies involving a debutanizer column and a sulfur recovery unit.
Cu/Cu2O/C nanoparticles and MXene based composite for non-enzymatic glucose sensors
Authors: Alshraim Asma , Gopal Tamil Selvi , Alanazi Nadyah , Mr Muthumareeswaran , Alobaidi Amani Ali E , Alsaigh Reem , Aldosary Mohammed , Pandiaraj Saravanan , Grace Andrews Nirmala , Alodhayb Abdullah N
Published: June 2024

Copper/Cuprous oxide/Carbon nanoparticles decorated MXene composite was prepared and subsequently examined for its potential application as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor. To carry out this, initially the Cu MOF/MXene composite was synthesised by the hydrothermal method and was annealed in an unreacted environment at different time intervals. During this process, petal like Cu MOF on MXene loses the organic ligands to form a Cu/Cu2O/C based nanoparticles on MXene. Further, an electrode was fabricated with the developed material for understanding the sensing performance by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in 0.1 M NaOH solution. Results reveal that the highest weight percentage of copper oxide in the composite (15 min of annealed material) shows a higher electro catalytic activity for sensing glucose molecules due to more active sites with good electron transfer ability in the composite. The formed composite exhibits a wide linear range of 0.001–26.5 mM, with a sensitivity of 762.53 μAmM−1cm−2 (0.001–10.1 mM), and 397.18 μAmM−1cm−2 (11.2–26.9 mM) and the limit of detection was 0.103 μM. In addition to this, the prepared electrode shows a good reusability, repeatability, selectivity with other interferences, stability (93.65% after 30 days of storage), and feasibility of measuring glucose in real samples. This finding reveals that the metal oxide derived from MOF based nanoparticle on the MXene surface will promote the use of non-enzymatic glucose sensors.
The prospect of supercapacitors in integrated energy harvesting and storage systems
Authors: Sinha Prerna , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: June 2024

Renewable energy sources, such as wind, tide, solar cells, etc, are the primary research areas that deliver enormous amounts of energy for our daily usage and minimize the dependency upon fossil fuel. Paralley, harnessing ambient energy from our surroundings must be prioritized for small powered systems. Nanogenerators, which use waste energy to generate electricity, are based on such concepts. We refer to these nanogenerators as energy harvesters. The purpose of energy harvesters is not to outcompete traditional renewable energy sources. It aims to reduce reliance on primary energy sources and enhance decentralized energy production. Energy storage is another area that needs to be explored for quickly storing the generated energy. Supercapacitor is a familiar device with a unique quick charging and discharging feature. Encouraging advancements in energy storage and harvesting technologies directly supports the efficient and comprehensive use of sustainable energy. Yet, self-optimization from independent energy harvesting and storage devices is challenging to overcome. It includes instability, insufficient energy output, and reliance on an external power source, preventing their direct application and future development. Coincidentally, integrating energy harvesters and storage devices can address these challenges, which demand their inherent action. This review intends to offer a complete overview of supercapacitor-based integrated energy harvester and storage systems and identify opportunities and directions for future research in this subject.
Numerical characterization of thermal transport in hexagonal tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanoribbons
Authors: Ghosh Aroni , Shadman Ahmed Shafin , Shawkat Mst Shamim Ara , Subrina Samia
Published: June 2024

In this study, we have investigated the thermal transport characteristics of single-layer tungsten disulfide, WS2 nanoribbons (SLTDSNRs) using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations with the help of Green-Kubo formulation. Using Stillinger-Weber (SW) inter-atomic potential, the calculated room temperature thermal conductivities of 15 nm × 4 nm pristine zigzag and armchair SLTDSNRs are 126 ± 10 W m−1K−1 and 110 ± 6 W m−1K−1, respectively. We have explored the dependency of thermal conductivity on temperature, width, and length of the nanoribbon. The study shows that the thermal conductivity of the nanoribbon decreases with the increase in temperature, whereas the thermal conductivity increases with an increase in either the width or length of the ribbon. The thermal conductivity does not increase uniformly as the size of the ribbon changes. We have also observed that the thermal conductivity of SLTDSNRs depends on edge orientations; the zigzag nanoribbon has greater thermal conductivity than the armchair nanoribbon, regardless of temperature or dimension variations. Our study additionally delves into the tunable thermal properties of SLTDSNRs by incorporating defects, namely vacancies such as point vacancy, edge vacancy, and bi-vacancy. The thermal conductivities of nanoribbons with defects have been found to be considerably lower than their pristine counterparts, which aid in enhanced values for the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT). We have varied the vacancy concentration within a range of 0.1% to 0.9% and found that a point vacancy concentration of 0.1% leads to a 64% reduction in the thermal conductivity of SLTDSNRs. To elucidate these phenomena, we have calculated the phonon density of states for WS2 under different aspects. The findings of our work provide important understandings of the prospective applications of WS2 in nanoelectronic and thermoelectric devices by tailoring the thermal transport properties of WS2 nanoribbons.
Growth of metal nanoparticles in hydrocarbon atmosphere of arc discharge
Authors: Musikhin S , Nemchinsky V , Raitses Y
Published: June 2024

A direct current (DC) arc discharge is a widely used method for large-scale production of metal nanoparticles, core–shell particles, and carbon nanotubes. Here, the growth of iron nanoparticles is explored in a modified DC arc discharge. Iron particles are produced by the evaporation of an anode, made from low-carbon steel. Methane admixture into argon gas serves as a carbon source. Electron microscopy and elemental analysis suggest that methane and/or products of its decomposition adhere to iron clusters forming a carbon shell, which inhibits iron particle growth until its full encapsulation, at which point the iron core growth is ceased. Experimental observations are explained using an aerosol growth model. The results demonstrate the path to manipulate metal particle size in a hydrocarbon arc environment.
A hierarchical authorization image encryption algorithm based on two-dimensional time-varying delayed chaotic map
Authors: Jin Bingxue , Fan Liuqin , Zhang Bowen , Xu Weijie , Liu Lingfeng
Published: June 2024

With the continuous development of information technology, the security of images in the process of transmission, storage and use has also become the focus of network security. However, most of the existing image encryption algorithms only focus on the security of images in the transmission and storage process, while ignoring their security in use. For some special organisations, images are very sensitive information and their security during usage is also very important. Similar to the advanced encryption information stored in the public security system, the depth of information that can be viewed by ordinary privileges and advanced privileges is different. But there is no such hierarchical authorisation algorithm in image security. In order to solve this problem, this study proposes a hierarchical authorisation encryption and decryption algorithm, which achieves hierarchical decryption while ensuring the security of encrypted images. In this method, the image is decomposed by bit plane, and the bit plane is grouped, and each group adopts different key. According to the level of legitimate users, the corresponding key is assigned to them, and the clarity of the decrypted image requested by different levels of users is different, that is, the information depth is different. This method extends the scope of application of the encryption algorithm and is more practical than the existing encryption algorithm.
Spatial dependence of the growth factor in scalar-tensor cosmology
Authors: Caruana Maria , Farrugia Gabriel , Said Jackson Levi , Sultana Joseph
Published: June 2024

Scalar-tensor theories have taken on a key role in attempts to confront the growing open questions in standard cosmology. It is important to understand entirely their dynamics at perturbative level including any possible spatial dependence in their growth of large scale structures. In this work, we investigate the spatial dependence of the growth rate of scalar-tensor theories through the Mészáros equation. We confirm that at subhorizon level this dependence does not play a major role for viable models. However, we establish conditions on which this criterion is met which may be important for developing new models. In our work, we consider three specific models that exhibit spatial dependence of the growth rate at subhorizon modes, which may also be important for early Universe models.
Probing the galactic and extragalactic gravitational wave backgrounds with space-based interferometers
Authors: Mentasti G. , Contaldi C.R. , Peloso M.
Published: June 2024

We employ the formalism developed in [1] and [2] to
study the prospect of detecting an anisotropic Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB)
with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) alone, and combined with the proposed
space-based interferometer Taiji. Previous analyses have been performed in the frequency domain
only. Here, we study the detectability of the individual coefficients of the expansion of the SGWB
in spherical harmonics, by taking into account the specific motion of the satellites. This
requires the use of time-dependent response functions, which we include in our analysis to obtain
an optimal estimate of the anisotropic signal. We focus on two applications. Firstly, the
reconstruction of the anisotropic galactic signal without assuming any prior knowledge of its
spatial distribution. We find that both LISA and LISA with Taiji cannot put tight constraints on
the harmonic coefficients for realistic models of the galactic SGWB. We then focus on the
discrimination between a galactic signal of known morphology but unknown overall amplitude and an
isotropic extragalactic SGWB component of astrophysical origin. In this case, we find that the two
surveys can confirm, at a confidence level ≳ 3σ, the existence of both the galactic
and extragalactic background if both have amplitudes as predicted in standard models. We also find
that, in the LISA-only case, the analysis in the frequency domain (under the assumption of a time
average of data taken homogeneously across the year) provides a nearly identical determination of
the two amplitudes as compared to the optimal analysis.
A solution method for decomposing vector fields in Hamilton energy
Authors: Zhao 赵 Xin 昕 , Yi 易 Ming 鸣 , Wei 魏 Zhou-Chao 周超 , Zhu 朱 Yuan 媛 , Lu 鹿 Lu-Lu 露露
Published: June 2024

Hamilton energy, which reflects the energy variation of systems, is one of the crucial instruments used to analyze the characteristics of dynamical systems. Here we propose a method to deduce Hamilton energy based on the existing systems. This derivation process consists of three steps: step 1, decomposing the vector field; step 2, solving the Hamilton energy function; and step 3, verifying uniqueness. In order to easily choose an appropriate decomposition method, we propose a classification criterion based on the form of system state variables, i.e., type-I vector fields that can be directly decomposed and type-II vector fields decomposed via exterior differentiation. Moreover, exterior differentiation is used to represent the curl of low-high dimension vector fields in the process of decomposition. Finally, we exemplify the Hamilton energy function of six classical systems and analyze the relationship between Hamilton energy and dynamic behavior. This solution provides a new approach for deducing the Hamilton energy function, especially in high-dimensional systems.
Enhancement of swimmer diffusion through regular kicks: analytic mapping of a scale-independent parameter space
Authors: Jurado Romero Arnau , Calero Carles , Rey Rossend
Published: June 2024

Depending on their mechanism of self-propulsion, active particles can exhibit time-dependent, often periodic, propulsion velocity. The precise propulsion velocity profile determines their mean square displacement and their effective diffusion coefficient at long times. Here, we demonstrate that any periodic propulsion profile results in a larger diffusion coefficient than the corresponding case with constant propulsion velocity. We investigate, in detail, periodic exponentially decaying velocity pulses, expected in propulsion mechanisms based on sudden absorption of finite amounts of energy. We show, both analytically and with numerical simulations, that in these cases the effective diffusion coefficient can be arbitrarily enhanced with respect to the case with constant velocity equal to the average speed. Our results may help interpret, in a new light observations on the diffusion enhancement of active particles.
Atmospheric extinction coefficients and night sky brightness at Bosscha Observatory
Authors: Yusuf M , Arwinata H I , Perhati T , Satya L , Jatmiko A T P , Ramadhan D G , Yap F , Ramadhan S
Published: June 2024

We conducted a continuous sky brightness monitoring project in 2023 using the 14-inch (f/7.2) Bosscha Robotic Telescope (BRT) with Bessel filters at Bosscha Observatory. We present the initial measurement result of the extinction coefficient and sky brightness of three photometric nights from July to September 2023 using absolute photometry methods on photometric standard stars. The measurement results indicate the values of the first-order extinction coefficients span from

k
b
′

= 0.1344 to 0.1596,

k
v
′

= 0.0931 to 0.1901,

k
r
′

= 0.1208 to 0.1592, and

k
i
′

= 0.0836 to 0.0967 with a typical error of 0.001 for two similar night. On September 12, our measurement results were

k
b
′

= 0.6186 ± 0.0081,

k
v
′

= 0.5404 ± 0.0104,

k
r
′

= 0.3684 ± 0.0122,

k
i
′

= 0.2483 ± 0.0191. Applying these values to the sky field reveals the average brightness in the V-band-pass, respectively 18.807 ± 0.061, 18.999 ± 0.052, and 18.867 ± 0.039, with a color index B − V of 0.421 ± 0.111, 0.236 ± 0.094 and 0.426 ± 0.064. The results are consistent with measurements from the transformed Sky Quality Meter (SQM) corresponding to the suitable filters.
Membership Study of Open Cluster NGC 6134 using HDBSCAN Clustering Algorithm
Authors: Yusuf M , Ramadhan D G , Jatmiko A T P , Perhati T , Ramadhan S , Arwinata H I , Yap F , Satya L , Mandey D , Arifyanto M I , Premadi P W
Published: June 2024

We present the results of our study on the membership of open star clusters in the southern hemisphere, NGC 6134. The position of NGC 6134 is located near the galaxy’s plane, so the apparent position in the sky is in an area with high stellar density. This poses a challenge in distinguishing between cluster member stars and field stars. For this purpose, we use the Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN) algorithm on astrometric data from Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3). We take stars as samples up to a distance of 90 parsecs from the cluster’s center as membership determination samples. The spatial scope of this sample is intentionally larger than previous studies on this star cluster, as some recent membership studies have concluded that the size of star clusters turns out to be larger than what has been reported. The results of our study produced a consistent number of members with the results of other studies with the same sample size. The clustering algorithm was then performed multiple times using different values of the radius sample. We determined that NGC 6134 has 888 members (membership probability ≥ 0.5), with a radius of 30 parsecs from the cluster’s center.
Using Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) parameters to identify solar-flare precursors for space weather forecasting
Authors: Herdiwijaya Dhani , Fernanda Chandra A
Published: June 2024

A solar flare results from the release of magnetic energy by magnetic-reconnection processes. It is preceded by the accumulation of energy, which is indicated by various magnetic parameters. An analysis of the magnetic parameters preceding the high energy release is therefore essential for understanding the occurrence of a solar flare. In this work, we studied 18 magnetic parameters from the Space-weather Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Active Region Patch (SHARP) database for X-class solar flares during the time span from May 10, 2010, to December 31, 2021, using a support vector machine. We found that the time-interval distribution between the maxima of the Space-weather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) parameters and solar flare events can be approximated by a Gaussian. About 67% of the maximum values of the SHARP indices occurred within a time window of 22.4 hours before a solar flare. This result strengthens the conclusion that the SHARP parameters can be employed to identify solar-flare precursors. In terms of Recall and True Skill Statistics, our support vector machine model performs better in forecasting solar flares than do previous results. By considering the significance of these 18 SHARP parameters, we found that seven parameters are the optimal number for further analysis.
Correlation Cosmic Ray Intensity Based on Variation in Solar Activity and Interplanetary Plasma Parameters Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Authors: Putri A N I , Herdiwijaya D , Hidayat T
Published: June 2024

For a long time, scientists have been investigating the relationship between the strength of cosmic rays and the number of sunspots. Several studies have discovered an anti-correlation between cosmic ray power and the number of sunspots, with some differences in time lag between solar cycles. So far, the distinctions that have surfaced are a mystery. This effort will estimate solar activity and interplanetary space parameters such as the sunspot number, solar wind speed, Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF), Heliospheric Current Sheet (HCS) tilt, and halo CME speed. The data ranges from 1749 to 2022, with time resolutions ranging from daily to monthly. To study the association between cosmic ray intensity and these five qualities, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach was utilized. According to the data, all measurements demonstrate an anti-correlation with the intensity of cosmic rays. They also contribute to the modification of cosmic rays.
RFI measurements at Bosscha observatory to prepare a new VGOS station
Authors: Ramadhan S. , Hidayat T. , Suryana J. , Romadhoni A. , Kurniasari M.
Published: June 2024

A new VGOS (VLBI Global Observing System) radio telescope will be constructed at Bosscha Observatory Lembang, West Java, in cooperation between Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO) and Institut Teknologi Bandung. One of the preparation steps is to conduct RFI (Radio Frequency Interference) measurements to obtain the RFI environment from the vicinity of the observatory. In this work, we report preliminary measurements of the RFIs that were done for several days in August and September 2023. Instruments used includes: A-INFOTM LB-20180 horn antenna, Wright TechnologiesTM low noise amplifier, and AaroniaTM Spectran V5 80200 OEM spectrum analyzer. The frequency range of 2.0 - 18.0 GHz is targeted referring to VGOS frequencies. Measurements in one day are carried out for about 24 hours in eight cardinal directions and two polarizations. The results and analysis are presented in spectral power flux density plots.
Study of Asia-Pacific Plate Tectonic Motion by Using VLBI Observation
Authors: Nurul Huda I. , Putri N. S. E. , Hidayat T. , Shu F. , Li J.
Published: June 2024

In the near future, a new radio telescope will be installed in Bosscha Observatory, Indonesia. This telescope will be integrated into the geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) network notably into the VLBI Global Observing System (VGOS). In this study, we aim to highlight the use of a geodetic VLBI network to study the plate tectonic movement. We use the VLBI session called Asia-Pacific space geodynamics (APSG) program to measure the crustal movement in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly its velocity. We compared the VLBI analysis results with plate tectonic model NUVEL1-A. Generally, it shows that the tectonic plate velocity from VLBI analysis has a good agreement with the model.