bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Random mutagenesis analysis and identification of a novel C2H2-type transcription factor from the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora
Authors: Jiang Dewei , Zhou Jing , Bai Guizhen , Xing Xinjing , Tang Liyan , Yang Xuewei , Li Juan , Zhang Ke-Qin , Yang Jinkui
Published: July 2017

Arthrobotrys oligospora is a typical nematode-trapping fungus. In this study, 37 transformants of A. oligospora were obtained by REMI (restriction enzyme mediated integration) method and phenotypic properties of nine transformants were analyzed. The nine transformants showed differences in growth, conidiation, trap formation, stress tolerance, and/or pathogenicity among each other and with those of the parental wild-type strain (WT). The insertional sites of the hph cassette were identified in transformants X5 and X13. In X5, the cassette was inserted in the non-coding region between AOL_s00076g273 (76g273) and AOL_s00076g274 (76g274) and the transcription of 76g274, but not 76g273, was enhanced in X5. 76g274p had two conserved domains and was predicted as a nucleoprotein, which we confirmed by its nuclear localization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using the green fluorescent protein-fused 76g274p. The transcription of 76g274 was stimulated or inhibited by several environmental factors. The sporulation yields of 76g274-deficient mutants were decreased by 70%, and transcription of several sporulation-related genes was severely diminished compared to the WT during the conidiation. In summary, a method for screening mutants was established in A. oligospora and using the method, we identified a novel C2H2-type transcription factor that positively regulates the conidiation of A. oligospora.
Interocular contrast difference drives illusory 3D percept
Authors: Reynaud Alexandre , Hess Robert F.
Published: July 2017

Any processing delay between the two eyes can result in illusory 3D percepts for moving objects because of either changes in the pure disparities over time for disparity sensors or by changes to sensors that encode motion/disparity conjointly. This is demonstrated by viewing a fronto-parallel pendulum through a neutral density (ND) filter placed over one eye, resulting in the illusory 3D percept of the pendulum following an elliptical orbit in depth, the so-called Pulfrich phenomenon. Here we use a paradigm where a cylinder rotating in depth, defined by moving Gabor patches is presented at different interocular phases, generating strong to ambiguous depth percepts. This paradigm allows one to manipulate independently the contrast and the luminance of the patches to determine their influence on perceived motion-in-depth. Thus we show psychophysically that an interocular contrast difference can itself result in a similar illusory 3D percept of motion-in-depth. We argue that contrast, like luminance (ND filter) can modify the dynamics of visual neurons resulting in an interocular processing delay or an interocular velocity difference.
Highly-stable black phosphorus field-effect transistors with low density of oxide traps
Authors: Illarionov Yu. Yu. , Waltl M. , Rzepa G. , Knobloch T. , Kim J.-S. , Akinwande D. , Grasser T.
Published: July 2017

Black phosphorus is considered a very promising semiconductor for two-dimensional field-effect transistors. Initially, the main disadvantage of this material was thought to be its poor air stability. However, recent studies have shown that this problem can be solved by suitable encapsulation. As such, long-term studies of the outstanding properties of black phosphorus devices have become possible. In particular, here we examine highly-stable black phosphorus field-effect transistors and demonstrate that they can exhibit reproducible characteristics for at least 17 months. Furthermore, we notice some improvement in the performance of black phosphorus devices after this long time, i.e., positive aging. Although our black phosphorus devices are stable at room temperature, we show that their performance is affected by thermally activated charge trapping by oxide traps into the adjacent SiO2 substrate layer. Aiming to analyze the dynamics of these defects in detail, we perform an accurate mapping of oxide traps with different time constants using the ‘extended incremental hysteresis sweep method’. Our results show that at room temperature the extracted oxide trap densities are (i) few orders of magnitude lower than for MoS2/SiO2 transistors and (ii) close to those reported for more mature Si/SiO2 devices (~1017 cm−3 eV−1). Taking into account the novelty of black phosphorus and recent issues with its stability, these values must be considered unexpectedly low.
Methods to coalesce fluorinated Pickering emulsions
Authors: Pan Ming , Lyu Fengjiao , Tang Sindy K. Y.
Published: July 2017

Comparison of different methods to merge fluorinated Pickering emulsions provides a practical guide for applications in droplet microfluidics.
Nanoscale chemical imaging of the additive effects on the interfaces of high-voltage LiCoO2 composite electrodes
Authors: Wang Jian , Ji Yajuan , Appathurai Narayana , Zhou Jigang , Yang Yong
Published: July 2017

X-ray photoemission electron microscopy (X-PEEM) of cycled LiCoO2 composite electrodes has revealed the interfaces of various components within the composite electrodes and their dependence on additives in the electrolyte and the interplay of multiple components in the electrodes.
Photoluminescence quantum yield exceeding 80% in low dimensional perovskite thin-films via passivation control
Authors: La-Placa Maria-Grazia , Longo Giulia , Babaei Azin , Martínez-Sarti Laura , Sessolo Michele , Bolink Henk J.
Published: July 2017

The effects of the processing conditions and of the relative content of methylammonium (MA) and butylammonium (BA) cations on the properties of lead bromide quasi-2D perovskite thin-films were studied.
Supramolecular semifluorinated dendrons glued by weak hydrogen-bonds
Authors: Chen Senbin , Meister Annette , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: July 2017

Uniform nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼50 nm were generated from supramolecular semifluorinated dendritic networks, driven by weak heterocomplementary hydrogen-bonding moieties.
One-step, green synthesis of a supramolecular organogelator based on mellitic triimide for the recognition of aromatic compounds
Authors: Mamada Masashi , Minami Tsuyoshi , Katagiri Hiroshi , Omiya Takafumi , Tokito Shizuo
Published: July 2017

Mellitic triimide derivatives act as supramolecular gelators, which enable the detection of aromatic molecules as a gel–sol phase transition.
Monolayer germanium monochalcogenides (GeS/GeSe) as cathode catalysts in nonaqueous Li–O2batteries
Authors: Ji Yujin , Dong Huilong , Yang Mingye , Hou Tingjun , Li Youyong
Published: July 2017

The possibility of using 2D-GeSe/GeS as a cathode catalyst for nonaqueous Li–O2batteries is computationally confirmed.
Influence of intramolecular vs. intermolecular phosphonium-borohydrides in catalytic hydrogen, hydride, and proton transfer reactions
Authors: Rinne Benjamin L. , Lathem A. Paige , Heiden Zachariah M.
Published: July 2017

The thermodynamics of hydrogen, hydride, and proton transfer from 22 intramolecular and intermolecular phosphonium-borohydrides to eight substrates are described.
4,4′-Di-tert-butyl-6-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2,2′-bipyridine: modification of a highly selective N-donor ligand for the separation of trivalent actinides from lanthanides
Authors: Maiwald Martin M. , Wagner Anna T. , Kratsch Jochen , Skerencak-Frech Andrej , Trumm Michael , Geist Andreas , Roesky Peter W. , Panak Petra J.
Published: July 2017

In the present work, the complexation and extraction behaviour of HN4tbubipy towards An(iii) and Ln(iii) is studied by spectroscopy, solvent extraction, and QM calculations.
Triaminoborane-bridged diphosphine complexes with Ni and Pd: coordination chemistry, structures, and ligand-centered reactivity
Authors: Lee Kyounghoon , Donahue Courtney M. , Daly Scott R.
Published: July 2017

The synthesis, coordination chemistry, and reactivity of two diphosphines containing the cyclic triaminoborane 1,8,10,9-triazaboradecalin (TBD) are described.
A continuous flow process for the production of 2,5-dimethylfuran from fructose using (non-noble metal based) heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Braun Max , Antonietti Markus
Published: July 2017

A simple and continuous flow process set-up for the production of 2,5-dimethylfuran from fructose using (non-noble metal based) heterogeneous catalysis.
Integration and application of optical chemical sensors in microbioreactors
Authors: Gruber Pia , Marques Marco P. C. , Szita Nicolas , Mayr Torsten
Published: July 2017

This tutorial review explains the integration of optical chemical sensor formats for the purpose of monitoring oxygen, pH, carbon dioxide, glucose and temperature in microbioreactors.
Controllable design of natural gully-like TiO2–ZrO2 composites and their photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen production by water splitting
Authors: Zhang Jianqi , Li Li , Zhang Jingjing , Zhang Xinyue , Zhang Wenzhi
Published: July 2017

Gully-like TiO2–ZrO2 composites prepared using an instant centrifugation and one-step hydrolysis method exhibited good photocatalytic degradation and enhanced hydrogen evolution activity.
Fluorinated near-infrared fluorescent probes for specific detection of Hg2+ in an aqueous medium and mitochondria of living cells
Authors: Long Lei , Tan Xu , Luo Shenglin , Shi Chunmeng
Published: July 2017

A near-infrared fluorescent probe (IR-DFT) could be used for specifically and sensitively detecting Hg2+ in mitochondria of living cells.
Adsorption kinetics and isotherms of bioactive antioxidant quercetin onto amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles in aqueous ethanol solutions
Authors: Ghanimati Masoud , Jabbari Morteza , Farajtabar Ali , Nabavi-Amri Sayyed Ahmad
Published: July 2017

Nano-structural particles of silica were synthesized from low-cost rice husk by acid leaching and further annealing at different temperatures.
Novel superabsorbent membranes made of PVA and Ziziphus spina-christi cellulose for agricultural and horticultural applications
Authors: Abdel Bary E. M. , Fekri Ahmed , Soliman Yaser A. , Harmal Ammar N.
Published: July 2017

Novel superabsorbent membranes consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from Ziziphus spina-christi fibers (ZSP-fibers), glutaraldehyde (GLA) and glycerin (G) were prepared using a Hydraulic Lamination Hot Press machine.
Preparation of the W18O49/g-C3N4 heterojunction catalyst with full-spectrum-driven photocatalytic N2 photofixation ability from the UV to near infrared region
Authors: Liang Hongyu , Zou He , Hu Shaozheng
Published: July 2017

This work provides a strategy to improve the quantum efficiency of photocatalysts by promoting near-infrared light utilization.
n- versus p-doping of graphite: what drives its wet-chemical exfoliation?
Authors: Wang Bingzhe , Engelhardt Verena , Roth Alexandra , Faust Rüdiger , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: July 2017

We have performed the syntheses of a novel pyrene-porphyrazine conjugate (ZnPzPy) and a reference porphyrazine (ZnPz) to promote the wet-chemical exfoliation of graphite based on the synergetic use of ultrasonication, centrifugation, and doping.
Cyclometalated Pt complex-based random terpolymers for efficient polymer solar cells
Authors: Wan Zheng , Yang Jie , Liu Yanan , Wang Shifan , Zhong Yu , Li Cheng , Zhang Zhiguo , Xing Guichuan , Huettner Sven , Tao Youtian , Li Yongfang , Huang Wei
Published: July 2017

A terpolymer approach was introduced to increase the power conversion efficiency of solar cells by embedding small amounts of Pt-complex into PTB7-Th.
Moisture and thermal expansion properties and mechanism of interaction between ions of a Nafion-based membrane electrode assembly
Authors: Feng C. , He P. F.
Published: July 2017

The coefficient of moisture and thermal expansion for each layer of membrane electrode assembly.
Oxidative desulfurization of model oil in an organic biphasic system catalysed by Fe3O4@SiO2–ionic liquid
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolhamid , Fakhari Mitra , Khodeai Mohammad Mehdi , Abdi Gisya , Amirian Jhaleh
Published: July 2017

The oxidation of DBT to sulfone catalyzed by Fe3O4/SiO2/ionic liquid.
Rational design of doubly-bridged chromophores for singlet fission and triplet–triplet annihilation
Authors: Ito S. , Nagami T. , Nakano M.
Published: July 2017

A novel multiple-bridging realizes rational molecular design for efficient singlet fission and triplet–triplet annihilation.
Thermosensitive micellar hydrogel for enhanced anticancer therapy through redox modulation mediated combinational effects
Authors: Guan Zhiyu , Yang Lijun , Wang Weiwei , Zhang Jun , Liu Jinjian , Ren Chunhua , Wang Shuo , Gao Yang , Huang Pingsheng
Published: July 2017

Illustration of the design and action pathway of the PECT/DOX micelle and PECT/ZnPP micelle in situ formed thermosensitive micellar hydrogel.
Linking the structures, free volumes, and properties of ionic liquid mixtures
Authors: Brooks Nicholas J. , Castiglione Franca , Doherty Cara M. , Dolan Andrew , Hill Anita J. , Hunt Patricia A. , Matthews Richard P. , Mauri Michele , Mele Andrea , Simonutti Roberto , Villar-Garcia Ignacio J. , Weber Cameron C. , Welton Tom
Published: July 2017

SAXS, 129Xe NMR and PALS were used to interrogate the relationship between the structure, free volume and physicochemical properties of ionic liquid mixtures.
Temporal switching of an amphiphilic self-assembly by a chemical fuel-driven conformational response
Authors: Jalani Krishnendu , Dhiman Shikha , Jain Ankit , George Subi J.
Published: July 2017

A unique redox active amphiphilic foldamer that undergoes transient conformation changes that amplify into observable morphology changes in its self-assembly.
Structural transformations in Li2MnSiO4: evidence that a Li intercalation material can reversibly cycle through a disordered phase
Authors: Chen Qing , Xiao Penghao , Pei Yi , Song Yan , Xu Cheng-Yan , Zhen Liang , Henkelman Graeme
Published: July 2017

Li2MnSiO4is a promising high capacity cathode material due to the potential to extract two Li ions per formula unit.
Graphene-coupled nitrogen-enriched porous carbon nanosheets for energy storage
Authors: Zhu Jinhui , Zhuang Xiaodong , Yang Jun , Feng Xinliang , Hirano Shin-ichi
Published: July 2017

Nitrogen-enriched porous carbon nanosheets (G-PCs) are prepared through the pyrolysis of graphene-coupled covalent triazine-based frameworks (G-CTFs), which exhibit excellent energy storage performance.
Mechanochemical synthesis of porous organic materials
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Dai Sheng
Published: July 2017

In this mini-review, we wish to summarise the recent advances on the design of polymers of intrinsic microporosity, covalent–organic frameworks, covalent triazine-based frameworks, ordered mesoporous polymers, and ordered mesoporous carbonsviamechanochemical synthesis.
Micelle vs. vesicle formation controlled by distal functionalization of C60–PEG conjugates
Authors: Tiu Elisha G. V. , Liosi Korinne , Aroua Safwan , Yamakoshi Yoko
Published: July 2017

An amphiphilic C60–PEG conjugate was modified by the addition of cationic moieties in the hydrophobic C60 part to provide the related bis- and tris-adducts and their self-assembling structures were compared.
Highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence detection of a prostate cancer biomarker
Authors: Juzgado A. , Soldà A. , Ostric A. , Criado A. , Valenti G. , Rapino S. , Conti G. , Fracasso G. , Paolucci F. , Prato M.
Published: July 2017

A novel electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on carbon nanotubes for PSMA detection in very complex matrixes exceeds the state of-the-art.
Intense pulsed light for split-second structural development of nanomaterials
Authors: Lim Ho Sun , Kim Soo Jin , Jang Ho Won , Lim Jung Ah
Published: July 2017

Intense pulsed light has been used as a split-second photonic technology for structural reformation and/or chemical modification of various nanomaterials.
Faulty feeder detection by adjusting the compensation degree of arc‐suppression coil for distribution network
Authors: Huang Chun , Tang Tao , Jiang Yajun , Hua Leng , Hong Chen
Published: July 2017

A scheme of single‐phase‐to‐ground faulty feeder detection by adjusting the compensation degree of arc‐suppression coil (CDASC) for compensated distribution network is presented in this study. The scheme defines transient variation components (TVCs) of feeders, which use the transient signals of zero‐sequence current of each feeder and zero‐sequence voltage in the bus before the adjustment and those after the adjustment. The TVCs of sound feeders always keep almost 0, while the TVC of faulty feeder changes remarkably before and after adjusting CDASC. On the basis of TVCs, faulty feeder detection can be achieved sensitively and accurately with simple and practicable procedure without sophisticated algorithms. The performance of the scheme validated by digital simulation with various fault conditions of different transition resistances, fault inception angles, white noises and compensation degrees.
Modelling and optimisation for costly efficiency improvements on residential appliances considering consumer's income level
Authors: Aghamohamadi Mehrdad , Amjady Nima
Published: July 2017

The main goal of this study is to provide an analytical tool for deciding on energy efficiency (EE) programmes in the form of home appliance replacements. The tool is designed in three steps. At the first step, household load consumption is modelled by a probabilistic end‐use‐based method in order to determine the characteristics of appliance usage patterns. This model is employed to determine the consumer's behaviour in order to use different appliances in different hours of a day. At the second step, an optimisation based on economic study is conducted. This optimisation is expanded according to several factors, such as lifetime of new efficient appliances, investment costs, consumer's utilisation and tariff electricity prices. At the third step, a new method is implemented to consider household strength (income level) in order to select the best set of appliances which should be involved in appliance replacement, taking into account the most profitable solution. This study demonstrates that each subscriber by any income level can have an optimum solution in order to retrofit its residential appliances to improve the consumption pattern and also reach the best economic point. A case study has been conducted based on data collected in Mashhad, Iran.
Simulation of hard shoulder running combined with queue warning during traffic accident with CTM model
Authors: Li Ruimin , Ye Zhen , Li Bin , Zhan Xianyuan
Published: July 2017

Hard shoulder running (HSR) and queue warning are two active traffic management (ATM) strategies and are commonly used to alleviate highway traffic congestion. This study proposes an optimisation model for HSR operation in coordination with queue warning service during non‐recurring traffic accident condition using an updated cell transmission model (CTM). The CTM in this study is updated in two aspects: first, the capacity reduction caused by traffic accident is considered in the CTM; second, a purposive desired lane‐changing rate is updated in the CTM considering a driver's movement from one lane to another depending on the lane blocking after receiving queue warning. The HSR operation combined with queue warning is optimised to minimise the total time delay during traffic accident. The model is tested on the A12 highway in the Netherlands under two typical accident scenarios and presents a certain application value.
Maximum power point tracking for the permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based WECS by using the discrete‐time integral sliding mode controller with a chattering‐free reaching law
Authors: Yazici İrfan , Yaylaci Ersagun Kürşat
Published: July 2017

In this study, a single sensor‐based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is presented for permanent magnet synchronous generator‐based wind energy conversion system (WECS). The MPPT method used in this study uses only the wind speed sensor to generate the reference point required for the maximum power. A discrete‐time controller is proposed to bring the system to the reference point determined by the MPPT algorithm. The designed MPPT controller consisting of a new discrete‐time reaching‐law approach and a discrete‐time integral sliding mode control (SMC). The designed discrete‐time SMC‐based controller is implemented by using an Acorn RISC Machine (ARM)‐based LM4F120 microcontroller, and its performance is examined on a WECS emulator prepared in the laboratory. The results got from the real‐time studies prove that the proposed controller has the satisfactory performance to bring the system to the MPP. The performance of the proposed controller is also compared with the conventional sliding mode controller and perturb and observe method. The obtained results proved that the proposed controller has a better performance than the other controllers in terms of the settling time and output voltage's ripple.
Optimal fixed reconfiguration scheme for PV arrays power enhancement under mutual shading conditions
Authors: Horoufiany Majid , Ghandehari Reza
Published: July 2017

Mutual shading (MS) in photovoltaic (PV) plants occurs when a collector is shadowed by the front row of collectors. The prevention of MS is considered in designing of the PV plants (PVPs). Perforce, this can be ignored in places with low maximum Sun elevation angle during some days and rows spacing limitations. In MS conditions, the reduction in energy and increase in the payback time of PV systems occur. In this study, a new optimal fixed reconfiguration scheme is presented for minimising of the MS effects. In this scheme, the physical locations of modules in a total cross‐tied (TCT) PV array are rearranged without altering the electrical interconnections. The presented scheme is able to minimise the MS effects independently from all shading parameters such as Sun position in the sky, latitude of PVP, and PV installation features. For this purpose, the MS pattern is initially determined and its features are explained. Then, an optimal physical arrangement is determined based on the aforementioned pattern. Minimisation of the resistance losses is also considered in the presented reconfiguration. Finally, the comparison of the optimal arrangement with the simple TCT and Sudoku arrangements is given in different conditions.
Paracetamol degradation in aqueous solution by non-thermal plasma
Authors: Baloul Yasmine , Aubry Olivier , Rabat Hervé , Colas Cyril , Maunit Benoît , Hong Dunpin
Published: July 2017

This study deals with paracetamol degradation in water using a non-thermal plasma (NTP) created by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). The effects of the NTP operating conditions on the degradation were studied, showing that the treatment efficiency of the process was highly dependent on the electrical parameters and working gas composition in the reactor containing the aqueous solution. A conversion rate higher than 99% was reached with an energy yield of 12 g/kWh. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) measurements showed that the main species produced in water during the process were nitrogen compounds, carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds.
Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines via Intramolecular Cyclization of N-Propargyl(pyrrolyl)enaminones
Authors: Sobenina Lyubov , Sagitova Elena , Ushakov Igor , Trofimov Boris
Published: July 2017

A concise transition-metal-free strategy for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines with enone substituents has been developed. It includes the following key steps: (a) cross-coupling of pyrroles with acyl(bromo)acetylenes in solid alumina at room temperature to give 2-(acylethynyl)pyrroles; (b) addition of propargylamine to the above acetylenes to form the corresponding N-propargylenaminones; and (c) chemo- and stereoselective base-catalyzed (Cs2CO3/DMSO) intramolecular cyclization of the synthesized propargylic derivatives to form (acylmeth­ylidene)pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines of Z-configuration.
Synthesis of 3,3′-Disubstituted Indolenines Utilizing the Lewis Acid Catalyzed Alkylation of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles with Trichloroacetimidates
Authors: Chisholm John , Adhikari Arijit , Radal Léa
Published: July 2017

Trichloroacetimidates function as effective electrophiles for the selective C3-alkylation of 2,3-disubstituted indoles to provide 3,3′-disubstituted indolenines. These indolenines are common synthetic intermediates that are often utilized in the synthesis of complex molecules. Effective reaction conditions utilizing Lewis acid catalysts have been determined, and the scope of the reaction with respect to indole and imidate reaction partner has been investigated. This chemistry provides an alternative to base promoted and transition-metal-catalyzed methods that are more commonly utilized to access similar indolenines.
Silver(I)-Catalyzed Deprenylation of Allylsulfonamide Derivatives
Authors: Inagaki Fuyuhiko , Hira Shisen , Mukai Chisato
Published: July 2017

The silver(I)-catalyzed deprenylation of sulfonamide bearing prenyl functional groups on the nitrogen atom has been developed. In this reaction, the prenyl moiety was selectively eliminated without allyl or benzyl cleavage on the nitrogen atom. In addition, geranyl was also applicable for this elimination reaction. Furthermore, sulfonamide possessing two prenyl groups underwent a double deprenylation to form the corresponding deprenylated sulfonamide. Thus, a novel reactivity between the silver cation and double bond was observed.
Solvent-Free Synthesis of Diazocine
Authors: Moormann Widukind , Langbehn Daniel , Herges Rainer
Published: July 2017

A convenient two-step synthesis of diazocine starting from 2-nitrotoluene is described. The first step, the oxidative dimerization of 2-nitrotoluene, is improved to 95% yield. The second step, the reductive azo cyclization, is performed as a solvent-free reaction with lead powder in a ball mill (51% yield). As a reference, the previously described azo cyclization with Zn/Ba(OH)2 is investigated in detail. The results explain why in previous experiments the yields are low and extremely dependent on the reaction conditions. In view of potential applications in photopharmacology, we checked the stability under reducing conditions. Diazocine does not react with glutathione, indicating intracellular stability.
Diversified Synthesis of 2-(4-Oxo[1,2,3]triazolo[1,5-a]quinoxalin-5(4H)-yl)acetamide Derivatives through Ugi-4-CR and Copper-Catalyzed Tandem Reactions
Authors: An Yu , He Huan , Liu Tiantian , Zhang Yong , Lu Xiaoyun , Cai Qian
Published: July 2017

A diversified synthesis of 2-(4-oxo[1,2,3]triazolo-[1,5-a]quin­oxalin-5(4H)-yl)acetamide derivatives is demonstrated. The protocol employs a Ugi four-component reaction for the assembling of N-(2-haloaryl)propynamide intermediates and followed by a copper-catalyzed tandem reaction of the synthetic N-(2-haloaryl)propynamides with sodium azide. Such a method provides rapid access to structurally varied and complex fused tricyclic scaffolds through readily available starting materials.
Facile Synthesis of N-Substituted 4-Amino-6-methyl Resorcinols from Polysubstituted Cyclohexanone
Authors: Tang Ruotian , Jiang Chunfeng , Li Hongliang , Li Wei , Xu Youjun
Published: July 2017

A novel synthesis of N-substituted 4-​amino-​6-​methyl resorcinols from polysubstituted cyclohexanone was developed. The reaction was performed in an easy ‘one-pot’, tandem manner with well-tolerated substituent on the nitrogen to give the desired compound in good to excellent yield. This highly efficient method will find broad application in the synthesis of some natural products and bioactive interesting compounds.
Cina bei Wurmbefall und die Bedeutung der Ätiologie
Authors: Lucae Christian
Published: July 2017

Anhand einer Kasuistik, welche die Behandlung eines Wurmbefalls mit Cina zeigt, wird die Bedeutung der Ätiologie bei der homöopathischen Arzneiwahl diskutiert.
Ätiologie in ihrer Bedeutung heute
Authors: Gnaiger-Rathmanner Jutta
Published: July 2017

Ätiologie als „causa externa“ wird klar von der Grundursache im Sinne von „causa prima" unterschieden. Es werden Bezüge zur Miasmenlehre Hahnemanns und zum Verständnis der Unterdrückung einerseits sowie zum psychischen Trauma und dem Menschenbild der Traumatheorie andererseits hergestellt.
Gesundheitswissenschaftliche Forschung mit primärärztlichen Routinedaten der elektronischen Patientenakte: das BeoNet-Register
Authors: Lingner Heidrun , Aumann Ines , Wacker Margarethe , Kreuter Michael , Leidl Reiner , von der Schulenburg J.-Matthias , Welte Tobias
Published: July 2017

Entscheidungen im Gesundheitswesen sollten sich auf verlässliche und aktuelle Daten stützen. Da solche Daten besonders aus dem ambulanten Sektor kaum vorhanden und/oder nur schwer und zeitverzögert zugänglich sind, soll das neu eingerichtete BeoNet-Register (BNR) die medizinische Versorgungsrealität und -qualität des ambulanten Sektors mithilfe von Routinedaten aus der elektronischen Patientenakte (eP) abbilden. Diese „real-world“-Daten sollen mit Primärerhebungen verknüpft eine breite Datenbasis zur Beantwortung von Fragen der Praxis, der Versorgungsforschung und Ökonomie bilden. Interessierte Praxisinhaber verpflichten sich zu einer längerfristigen Teilnahme an dem 2-phasigen Projekt (Pilot- und Roll-Out-Phase). Informationen der eP der Praxen werden pseudonymisiert, verschlüsselt und über standardisierte Schnittstellen zeitnah, vollständig und longitudinal in die Datenbank (DB) des BNR übertragen, ohne den Praxisbetrieb zu stören. Dafür wird die Behandlungsdatentransfer-Schnittstelle (BDT) als gemeinsamer Nenner unterschiedlicher Arztinformationssysteme genutzt. Die kompilierten Variablen beinhalten Informationen zur Praxis, Stammdaten des Patienten und medizinische Parameter inklusive Angaben zu Diagnose, Therapie und Überweisungen. Ergänzt werden sie durch zusätzliche erhobene ‚patient-reported outcomes‘. Datenerhebung und Datenschutz unterliegen strengen Anforderungen, die im Rahmen des Datenschutzkonzeptes und des Ethikantrages festgelegt und für alle Forscher bindend sind. Retrospektive Auswertungen seit der Einführung der eP sowie Analysen des aktuellen Erkrankungsspektrums des hausärztlichen, pneumologischen und pädiatrischen ambulanten Sektors sind möglich. Derzeit befinden sich 98 497 Patienten-IDs aus Hannover, München und Heidelberg nebst zugehörigen Informationen in der BNR- DB. Die BNR-Daten sind umfangreicher und detaillierter als die Abrechnungsdaten der Krankenkassen. (Semi-) automatisierte Daten- Prüfroutinen und regelmäßige Feedback-Berichte sowie Datenanalysen sind implementiert und werden kontinuierlich erweitert. Während der Pilotphase wurden 2 Anwendungsbeispiele des BNR erarbeitet. Hier wird das COPD-Projekt vorgestellt, dass die Inanspruchnahme von medizinischen Leistungen in Verbindung mit der Lebensqualität Betroffener analysiert. Die Roll-Out-Phase des Projektes startet 2016. Die Datenbasis des BNR für retro- und prospektive Querschnitts- und Längsschnittstudien wird Deutschlandweit und fortlaufend ausgeweitet.
Family Health Teams in Ontario – Vorstellung eines kanadischen Primärversorgungsmodells und Anregungen für Deutschland
Authors: Ulrich Lisa-R. , Pham Thuy-Nga Tia , Gerlach Ferdinand M. , Erler Antje
Published: July 2017

Wichtige Herausforderungen des deutschen Gesundheitssystems sind derzeit die Fragmentierung der Versorgung und ein zunehmender Mangel an hausärztlichem und pflegerischem Nachwuchs, die den komplexen und zeitaufwändigen Versorgungsbedürfnissen einer zunehmend älter und multimorbider werdenden Bevölkerung gegenüberstehen. Damit eine Primärversorgung auch zukünftig flächendeckend gewährleistet werden kann, sind neue Lösungsansätze, v. a in Form von innovativen Sektoren- und professionsübergreifenden Versorgungskonzepten, erforderlich. Solche Modelle können einerseits, u. a. durch ihren Teamansatz, die Berufsattraktivität für Nachwuchskräfte steigern und andererseits eine umfassende Versorgung anbieten, die auf den Bedarf komplex erkrankter Patienten zugeschnitten ist. Der Sachverständigenrat Gesundheit hat in seinem Gutachten 2014 das Modell einer regional vernetzten Versorgung vorgestellt, deren Kern lokale Gesundheitszentren zur Primär- und Langzeitversorgung bilden. Diese sollen zur Sicherstellung einer umfassenden patientenzentrierten Gesundheitsversorgung beitragen und insbesondere den Anforderungen des hausärztlichen Nachwuchses gerecht werden. Ein ähnliches Modell sind die sogenannten Family Health Teams (FHT) aus Ontario, Kanada. Dabei arbeitet ein Team aus Allgemeinmedizinern, examinierten Pflegekräften, Pharmazeuten, Sozialarbeitern und weiteren Gesundheitsprofessionen unter einem Dach strukturiert zusammen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt das Modell der kanadischen FHT vor und diskutiert, welche Ansätze daraus übertragbar und zur Sicherstellung der Primärversorgung in Deutschland hilfreich sein könnten.
Who will be the Radiologists of Tomorrow? A survey of radiology during the “Practical Year” in Germany
Authors: Dettmer Sabine , Fischer Volkhard , Paeßens Carolin , Meyer Simone , Wacker Frank , Rodt Thomas
Published: July 2017

Purpose Aim of our study was to evaluate the motivation of medical students in their final year of medical school to choose radiology for further specialization by means of a Germany-wide survey.

Materials and Methods The survey was performed during the 2015/16 semester among German medical students in their four months radiology elective during the final year. Invitations for the study were distributed by the Student Secretariats of each university. The survey was web-based with EvaSys 7.0 software. Questions on radiology contents during medical studies and “practical year” were part of the survey. Plans for residency and possible advantages and disadvantages of radiology as medical specialty were inquired. Descriptive statistics and group comparisons were used as analysis methods.

Results 89 students participated in the survey at the beginning and 60 students at the end of the practical year. Of these 39 students could be identified who answered both questionnaires. Most students were satisfied with their final year radiology elective (mean 1.8 on a range from 1 to 5). Nevertheless, they criticized mentoring during routine work (mean 2.1) and a lack of educational courses (mean 2.1). Most students (83 %) were uncertain about their residency choice at the beginning of their “practical year” and about one fifth changed their plans. From the students’ point of view main advantages of radiology included contact with many other clinical disciplines (87 %) and the working conditions (68 %). The reduced patient contact (42 %), the large amount of work at a computer (43 %), and the dependency on referring physicians (42 %) were regarded as the main disadvantages. The students regarded the way radiology is taught during the studies as not practical enough. With regard to radiology the majority of students (63 %) felt poorly prepared for their future work.

Conclusion The “practical year” is important regarding the choice of future specialization. There was a high degree of satisfaction with the “practical year” in radiology. The mentoring during routine work and a lack of educational courses was mildly criticized. These factors provide room for improvement to foster students’ interest in radiology.

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Citation Format
A small-volume PVTX system for broadband spectroscopic calibration of downhole optical sensors
Authors: Jones Christopher Michael , Pelletier Michael T. , Atkinson Robert , Shen Jing , Moore Jeff , Anders Jimmy , Perkins David L. , Myrick Michael L.
Published: July 2017

An instrument is presented that is capable of measuring the optical spectrum (long-wave ultraviolet through short-wave mid-infrared) of fluids under a range of temperature and pressure conditions from ambient pressure up to 138 MPa (20 000 psi) and 422 K (300 °F) using ∼5 ml of fluid. Temperature, pressure, and density are measured in situ in real-time, and composition is varied by adding volatile and nonvolatile components. The stability and accuracy of the conditions are reported for pure ethane, and the effects of temperature and pressure on characteristic regions of the optical spectrum of ethane are illustrated after correction for temperature and pressure effects on the optical cell path length, as well as normalization to the measured density. Molar absorption coefficients and integrated molar absorption coefficients for several vibrational combination bands are presented.
Confirming the relationship between first hyperpolarizability and the bond length alternation coordinate for merocyanine dyes
Authors: Brandão Idney , Franco Leandro R. , Fonseca Tertius L. , Castro Marcos A. , Georg Herbert C.
Published: July 2017

We investigated the first electronic hyperpolarizability of a typical merocyanine dye in several solvents in a wide range of dielectric constants. The equilibrium geometry of the molecule was obtained in each solvent by employing an optimization technique allied to atomistic simulations. The results confirm, for the first time with a realistic model of the molecular environment, the relationship between the first electronic hyperpolarizability (β) and the bond length alternation (BLA) coordinate, with a maximum value of β for intermediate positive BLA and a vanishing β when the BLA goes to zero.
Layer transfer of bulk gallium nitride by controlled spalling
Authors: Bedell S. W. , Lauro P. , Ott J. A. , Fogel K. , Sadana D. K.
Published: July 2017

Successful wafer-scale layer transfer from high-quality 2-in. diameter bulk gallium nitride substrates was demonstrated using the Controlled Spalling technique. The crystal quality of both the as-fractured bulk substrate and the spalled GaN film was assessed using transmission electron microscopy analysis, and the defect density was below the detection limit (mid 107 cm−2) for both samples. By using the experimentally determined critical conditions for tensile stress and thickness of the Ni stressor layer, an effective fracture toughness KIC of 1.7 MPa m could be calculated for [0001] fracture using the Suo and Hutchinson mechanical model. The resulting in-plane contraction of the GaN film after spalling permitted a novel method for measuring film strain without knowledge of the elastic properties of the material. This was used to measure the Raman E2(high) peak shift coefficient of Δω(cm−1) = 1411ε which, when converted to a stress coefficient (2.95 cm−1/GPa), was in agreement with only one other literature value.
Charge erasure analysis on the nanoscale using Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Lin Shi-quan , Shao Tian-min
Published: July 2017

The charge pattern produced by atomic force microscopy on an insulating surface can be detected on the nanoscale using Kelvin probe force microscopy. Recent applications of charge patterns include data storage, nano-xerography, and charge writing. At present, ongoing development of this technology is being restricted by a poor understanding of the charge modification and erasure mechanisms. In this study, modification and erasure of charge patterns are achieved by applying oppositely polarized pulses to an insulating surface. The effects of the oppositely polarized pulse height and width on the charge erasure behavior are examined, and the charge injection and erasure processes are compared. Hence, it is demonstrated that the charges on the patterned surface can be neutralized by adjusting the height and width of the oppositely polarized pulse appropriately. In addition, charge injection and erasure mechanisms are proposed. It is suggested that application of an oppositely polarized pulse to the insulating surface causes injection of opposite charges into the surface and removal of the initial charges, both of which occur simultaneously. The findings of this work provide a means of achieving data re-storage or data modification, for which charge spot erasure is essential. In addition, the findings may have general implications for the development of nano-xerography, charge writing, nano-lithography, etc.
Effect of secondary electron emission on nonlinear dust acoustic wave propagation in a complex plasma with positive equilibrium dust charge
Authors: Bhakta Subrata , Sarkar Susmita
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we have investigated the effect of secondary electron emission on nonlinear propagation of dust acoustic waves in a complex plasma considering equilibrium dust charge positive and compared the results with those obtained in our recently published paper [Bhakta et al., Phys. Plasmas 24, 023704 (2017)] where the equilibrium dust charge was negative. In both papers, primary and secondary electrons are assumed to follow Boltzmann distribution with separate electron temperatures, ions are also Boltzmann distributed, and charged dust grains are inertial. Change in the nature of dust charge (negative to positive) gives rise to some opposite behaviour of wave propagation characteristics in dusty plasma when dust grains are charged by secondary electron emission mechanism. Both adiabatic and nonadiabatic dust charge variations have been separately considered in both the papers. The investigation in this paper shows that compressive dust acoustic soliton propagates in case of adiabatic dust charge variation whose amplitude increases and width decreases with an increase in the strength of the secondary electron emission. This is in contrast to the case of negative equilibrium dust charge which confirms the existence of rarefied dust acoustic soliton with decreasing amplitude and increasing width for an increase in the strength of the secondary electron emission. Nonadiabaticity of dust charge variation in both cases generates dust acoustic shock wave which is oscillatory for weak nonadiabaticity and monotonic for strong nonadiabaticity. For positive equilibrium dust charge, the amplitude of both oscillatory and monotonic shocks increases and oscillation of the oscillatory shock persists longer for stronger secondary electron emission. On the other hand for negative equilibrium dust charge, the amplitude of both the oscillatory and monotonic shocks diminishes with increasing secondary electron emission.
Fast ion acceleration in a foil plasma heated by a multi-picosecond high intensity laser
Authors: Iwata Natsumi , Mima Kunioki , Sentoku Yasuhiko , Yogo Akifumi , Nagatomo Hideo , Nishimura Hiroaki , Azechi Hiroshi
Published: July 2017

We study the one-dimensional expansion of a thin foil plasma irradiated by a high intensity laser with multi-picosecond (ps) pulse durations by using particle-in-cell simulation. Electrons are found to recirculate around the expanding plasma for many times, which results in stochastic heating leading to increase of the electron temperature in the multi-ps time scale beyond the ponderomotive scaling. The conventional isothermal model cannot describe such an expansion of plasmas in the long time scale. We here developed a non-isothermal plasma expansion theory that takes the time dependence of electron temperature into account for describing the multi-ps interactions in one-dimensional geometry. By assuming that the time scale of electron temperature evolution is slow compared with the plasma expansion time scale, we derived a non-self-similar solution. The time evolution of ion maximum energy obtained by the non-isothermal theory explains the details of that observed in the simulation.
Mixing and electronic entropy contributions to thermal energy storage in low melting point alloys
Authors: Shamberger Patrick J. , Mizuno Yasushi , Talapatra Anjana A.
Published: July 2017

Melting of crystalline solids is associated with an increase in entropy due to an increase in configurational, rotational, and other degrees of freedom of a system. However, the magnitude of chemical mixing and electronic degrees of freedom, two significant contributions to the entropy of fusion, remain poorly constrained, even in simple 2 and 3 component systems. Here, we present experimentally measured entropies of fusion in the Sn-Pb-Bi and In-Sn-Bi ternary systems, and decouple mixing and electronic contributions. We demonstrate that electronic effects remain the dominant contribution to the entropy of fusion in multi-component post-transition metal and metalloid systems, and that excess entropy of mixing terms can be equal in magnitude to ideal mixing terms, causing regular solution approximations to be inadequate in the general case. Finally, we explore binary eutectic systems using mature thermodynamic databases, identifying eutectics containing at least one semiconducting intermetallic phase as promising candidates to exceed the entropy of fusion of monatomic endmembers, while simultaneously maintaining low melting points. These results have significant implications for engineering high-thermal conductivity metallic phase change materials to store thermal energy.
Localized characterization of charge transport and random telegraph noise at the nanoscale in HfO2 films combining scanning tunneling microscopy and multi-scale simulations
Authors: Thamankar R. , Puglisi F. M. , Ranjan A. , Raghavan N. , Shubhakar K. , Molina J. , Larcher L. , Padovani A. , Pavan P. , O'Shea S. J. , Pey K. L.
Published: July 2017

Charge transport and Random Telegraph Noise (RTN) are measured successfully at the nanoscale on a thin polycrystalline HfO2 film using room temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). STM is used to scan the surface of the sample with the aim of identifying grains and grain boundaries, which show different charge transport characteristics. The defects responsible for charge transport in grains and grain boundaries are identified as positively charged oxygen vacancies by matching the localized I-V curves measured at the nanoscale with the predictions of physics-based multi-scale simulations. The estimated defect densities at grains and grain boundaries agree with earlier reports in the literature. Furthermore, the current-time traces acquired by STM at fixed bias voltages on grains show characteristic RTN fluctuations. The high spatial resolution of the STM-based RTN measurement allows us to detect fluctuations related to individual defects that typically cannot be resolved by the conventional device-level probe station measurement. The same physical framework employed to reproduce the I-V conduction characteristics at the grains also successfully simulates the RTN detected at the nanoscale. We confirm that charge trapping at defects not directly involved in charge transport can induce significant current fluctuations through Coulombic interactions with other defects in the proximity that support charge transport.
Bending induced electrical response variations in ultra-thin flexible chips and device modeling
Authors: Heidari Hadi , Wacker Nicoleta , Dahiya Ravinder
Published: July 2017

Electronics that conform to 3D surfaces are attracting wider attention from both academia and industry. The research in the field has, thus far, focused primarily on showcasing the efficacy of various materials and fabrication methods for electronic/sensing devices on flexible substrates. As the device response changes are bound to change with stresses induced by bending, the next step will be to develop the capacity to predict the response of flexible systems under various bending conditions. This paper comprehensively reviews the effects of bending on the response of devices on ultra-thin chips in terms of variations in electrical parameters such as mobility, threshold voltage, and device performance (static and dynamic). The discussion also includes variations in the device response due to crystal orientation, applied mechanics, band structure, and fabrication processes. Further, strategies for compensating or minimizing these bending-induced variations have been presented. Following the in-depth analysis, this paper proposes new mathematical relations to simulate and predict the device response under various bending conditions. These mathematical relations have also been used to develop new compact models that have been verified by comparing simulation results with the experimental values reported in the recent literature. These advances will enable next generation computer-aided-design tools to meet the future design needs in flexible electronics.