bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SAPAAN DALAM RUBRIK â€œLAPOR GAN!â€ DI HARIAN TRIBUN JATENG (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK) (THE PRONOUNS IN LAPOR GAN! RUBRIC IN TRIBUN JATENG DAILY NEWSPAPER (SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY))
Authors: Utami Rini Esti
Published: May 2021

Bahasa adalah sarana untuk melakukan kontak sosial dengan orang lain. Pilihan kata yang baik dan tepat akan memperlancar terjadinya komunikasi. Begitu pula dengan penggunaan sapaan dalam berkomunikasi. Sapaan yang digunakan penyapa merupakan gambaran hubungan dengan pesapanya. Sapaan yang digunakan oleh masyarakat kepada pemimpinnya akan mencerminkan hubungan antara masyarakat dan pimpinannya atau sebaliknya. Penelitian ini mengkaji sapaan dalam rubrik â€œLapor Gan!â€ di Harian Tribun Jateng. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsi sapaan yang digunakan oleh masyarakat dan Gubernur Jawa Tengah, Ganjar Pranowo, serta tujuan penggunaan sapaan tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan teori sosiolinguistik dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Sapaan yang digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk menyapa gubernurnya adalah sapaan nama diri, nama kekerabatan, nama jabatan, sapaan lainnya, dan gabungan dari sapaan tersebut. Sapaan yang digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk menyapa diri sendiri, yaitu kata ganti orang pertama tunggal dan jamak. Sapaan yang digunakan oleh Gubernur Jawa Tengah kepada masyarakat adalah sapaan kata ganti orang kedua tunggal dan sapaan kata ganti orang pertama jamak. Sapaan yang digunakan oleh gubernur untuk menyapa diri sendiri adalah kata ganti orang pertama tunggal dan sapaan kata ganti orang pertama jamak. Adapun tujuan penggunaan sapaan tersebut adalah untuk kepraktisan, mengormati mitra tutur, menciptakan keakraban, dan menarik perhatian mitra tutur. Â Â Language is a media to get contact with other people. The good and appropriate choice of words would make the communication runs well. The use of pronouns also plays an important role in communication. It pictures the relationship between the speaker and the hearer. The pronouns used by the people to their leader reï¬‚ ect their relationship and vice versa. The research studies the pronouns in Lapor Gan! rubric in Tribun Jateng daily newspaper. It aims to describe the pronouns used by the people and the Governor of Central Java Province, Ganjar Pranowo, as well as its purposes. The research uses sociolinguistic theory and descriptive-qualitative approach. The pronouns used by the people to address the governor are self pronoun, kinship, occupation, other pronouns, and mix between the pronouns. The pronouns used by the people to address themselves are the ï¬ rst person singular and ï¬ rst person plural. The pronouns used by the Governor of Central Java Province to his people are second person singular and ï¬ rst person plural. The pronouns used by the Governor to address himself are ï¬ rst person singular and ï¬ rst person plural. The purposes of the pronouns are to create practicality, to honor, to create the familiarity, and to draw attention. Â Â
Simplified, Cost Effective, and Accurate Calculation of Critical Wavelength via the MATLAB Software
Authors: Mahendra Camille Keisha , Mahendra Cayvern Kishen , Pusparajah Priyia , Htar Thet-Thet , Chuah Lay-Hong , Duangjai Acharaporn , Khan Tahir Mehmood , Yow Yoon Yen , Kumari Yatinesh , Goh Bey Hing
Published: May 2021

The use of sunscreens in our daily lives to reduce UV exposure on our skin is a good measure against photoaging. However, the current active ingredients in the market are not able to cover the entire spectrum range of UVA and UVB. Therefore, broader spectrum compounds are constantly being searched by cosmetic companies to replace the commercially available UV filters. In this study, an experimental model utilizing the MATLAB software was developed to measure a compound’s critical wavelength (λc). The purpose of this research was to ease the cost and speed up the screening of bioactive compounds for photoprotective properties while maintaining accuracy in the process. In this paper, the measurement of caffeic acid, gallic acid, and pinocembrin’s critical wavelength in the MATLAB software was explained in a step-by-step guide. This was done to create an understandable and executable procedure for future researchers to utilize. Subsequently, from the results, the critical wavelength of caffeic acid, gallic acid, and pinocembrin was 378.2nm, 324.6nm, and 364.8nm, respectively. This shows that caffeic acid has the broadest absorbance spectrum, followed by pinocembrin, and finally gallic acid. Thus, it may be possible that caffeic acid might have stronger photoprotective abilities as compared to pinocembrin and gallic acid, based on its critical wavelength.
Comparison of Life Satisfaction and Attitude towards Disability between Congenital and Acquired Physical Disabilities
Authors: Roza Jamal  , Mrs. Wajeeha Komal  , Mr. Sarfraz Ahmad
Published: May 2021

The most common physical deformity includes upper and lowers limbs deformity that could be acquired or congenital. Such deformity produces difficulty in daily life activities including reaching, walking, lifting, and carrying things. The present study aimed to explore life satisfaction and attitude towards disability between congenital and acquired physical disabilities. A sample of eighty (N=80) participants was included in the study out of which (n=40) were congenital and (n=40) were acquired physical disables. The sample was collected from different rehabilitation and paraplegic centers as well as institutions through the purposive sampling technique. Satisfaction with life scale and attitude toward disabled person scales were included. It was hypothesized that there will be a significant difference in terms of life satisfaction between congenital and acquired physical disables. The second hypothesis was the attitude towards disability will be positive among the congenital group than the acquired one. An independent sample t-test (IBM SPSS statistics version 20) was applied to analyze the difference between congenital and acquired physical disables.  Results of the study indicated that congenital physical disabled were found with highly satisfied from their life (α=.000) and possess a positive attitude towards disability (α=.000) than the acquired physical disables.
THE PROBLEMS OF INFORMAL CAREGIVERS ON LONG-TERM CAREGIVING OF THE ELDERLIES
Authors: Ali Suridah , Abdul Aziz Rahimah , Abdul Mutalib Mimi Hanida
Published: May 2021

Malaysia is expected to become the elder country by the year 2035 and elderly caregiving is the main issue in the old population. Although the elderly are expected to live for a longer period, half of them are in an unhealthy condition, sick and suffering from the disease. Thus, they need to be taken care of for a longer period formally or informally. However, most of the family members have chosen to take care of the elderly informally. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify the problems that are faced by the caregivers on long-term caregiving of the elderly. Informal caregivers need to encounter a financial problem, affected health, difficulty in determining the caregiving rotation and lack of knowledge or information pertaining to elderly caregiving. Hence, the roles of caregiving in the long-term period could burden and affect the informal caregivers’ well-being.
THE STUDY ANALYSIS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA FOR FEMALE STUDENTS OF STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Permatasari Putri , Priliantini Anjang , Rizkia Anjani Sheila
Published: May 2021

Iron deficiency anaemia in adolescents is one of the public health problems that has not been overcome especially in young women. One of the indirect causes is income, parental education, and low knowledge about anaemia and balanced nutrition. Quantitative design with descriptive study supported with qualitative design. Samples were female students of State Senior High Senior (n=394). Data were collected using a questionnaire. Anaemia prevalence was 46.4%, with classifications on the severe level at 8.6%, moderate level at 20.1%, and mild level at 17.8%. Respondents' knowledge about anaemia was pretty good (67.3%), balanced nutrition (51.3%). The observation showed that the foods in the cafeteria were not varied, unhealthy, not nutritious, and unhygienic. Personal hygiene and food sanitation were low. There were no regulations and no changing menu schedules. Peer group takes a role in selecting foods. Balanced nutrition food had not been well-socialized. Knowledge of anaemia, balanced nutrition, which is quite high, do not reduce the prevalence of anaemia in adolescent. It is needed to take interventions to prevent and overcome iron deficiency anaemia with a holistic communication network among students, school authorities, and cafeteria management.
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF INDONESIAN LANGUAGE VERSION OF CHILDHOOD AUTISM RATING SCALE™ SECOND EDITION
Authors: Dwi Sary Dian , Irwanto  , Suryawan Ahmad , Irmawati Mira , Febriyana Nining , Widiasmoro Neni
Published: May 2021

Combination of The Childhood Autism Rating Scale™ Second Edition - Standard Clinical Tool (CARS2-ST) with criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) is thought to improve diagnostic process. To meet diagnostic needs, localized, Indonesian-translated version of CARS2-ST is developed. Therefore, assessment of construct validity of the Indonesian-language translated CARS2-ST must be performed. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Child Development Center in Surabaya, Indonesia from August to December 2019. Diagnosis of ASD then performed by using CARS2-ST  and DSM-5 criteria. To assess construct validity, principal components analysis and Kaiser-varimax rotation was performed for CARS2-ST in order to determine factors. DSM-5 criteria for ASD was used to compare scale.There were 201 children aged 2 - 6 years old with reported speech and behavior problems. Sixty-six children were diagnosed for ASD. Factor analysis using Kaiser-varimax rotation indicates a significant two factors: social communication and interaction factor and restrictive stereotyped behaviors and sensory factor sensitivites. The factors satisfyingly reflects the criteria for ASD in DSM-5.Construct validity of Indonesian-translated version of CARS2-ST is confirmed, as shown by its correspondence with  DSM-5 criteria for diagnosing . This study supports the continued relevance of the Indonesian CARS2-ST in ASD assessment.
Breast reconstruction in breast cancer: update.
Authors: Capitán del Río I , Rodríguez Cano MA , Cámara Pérez J , Fierro Aguilar A , Sánchez Andújar MB
Published: May 2021

La reconstrucción mamaria es un elemento cada vez más presente en las Unidades de Mama debido al incremento de la realización de mastectomías reductoras de riesgo o profilácticas (MP) en pacientes portadoras de mutaciones de BRCA1/2. La decisión sobre la técnica y el momento idóneo para la reconstrucción depende fundamentalmente de la necesidad de radioterapia adyuvante, ya que ésta aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones tanto en las reconstrucciones autólogas como en las reconstrucciones basadas en implantes. En general, la reconstrucción inmediata es la opción preferible siempre que sea posible, ya que ofrece buenos resultados estéticos y evita mayor número de intervenciones quirúrgicas. Cuando ésta no es factible inicialmente, existe la posibilidad intermedia de colocación de expansores que permite alcanzar un mayor volumen mamario mediante la expansión progresiva de los tejidos, como terapia puente a la implantación de una prótesis definitiva. Dentro de las técnicas reconstructivas diferidas existen desde el colgajo miocutáneo de dorsal ancho hasta las variantes microquirúrgicas como el DIEP. Para la selección de una de estas técnicas se debe tener en cuenta la morfología de la paciente, el remanente cutáneo y el estado vascular de la paciente, así como los factores de riesgo que puedan interferir en la viabilidad de los colgajos (hábito tabáquico o diabetes mellitus, entre otras) para la consecución de un plan quirúrgico óptimo.
Postmastectomy prepectoral reconstruction
Authors: Pareja López A , García Redondo M , Rodríguez Alonso JM , Reina Duarte ÁJ
Published: May 2021

La vía prepectoral se utilizó en las primeras reconstrucciones mamarias, para ser sustituida posteriormente por su alta tasa de complicaciones, a favor del abordaje retro o subpectoral.

El desarrollo de las matrices acelulares, las mallas titanizadas y los implantes de poliuretano, ha relanzado el abordaje prepectoral como una opción quirúrgica menos lesiva y mutilante que la subpectoral para realizarla en casos seleccionados.

Entre sus ventajas destaca la ausencia de deformidad animada o "mama dinámica", la disminución del dolor crónico en forma de contractura pectoral y una teórica disminución del tiempo quirúrgico por no precisar la movilización del pectoral mayor y la confección de un bolsillo entre éste y el serrato o surco submamario mediante el uso o no de mallas de sostén.

Entre sus inconvenientes debemos mencionar una teórica mayor incidencia de deformidades u ondulaciones perceptibles (rippling), así como la necesidad de realizar una cuidadosa preservación vascular de los colgajos dermograsos. El acceso por el surco submamario está limitado por un teórico aumento del riesgo de extrusión protésica.

La técnica tiene una especial aplicación en pacientes sometidas a una mastectomía para reducción del riesgo genético con mamas de ptosis 1-2 y volumen escaso o medio (copa A y B).

Pueden suponer contraindicaciones relativas a la técnica prepectoral los casos de tumores que afecten gran cantidad de piel mamaria, las mamas grandes con una ptosis importante y las pacientes que precisen radioterapia postoperatoria.
Molecular classification of breast cancer. Treatment and prognosis implications.
Authors: Alcaide Lucena M , Rodríguez González CJ , de Reyes Lartategui S , Gallart Aragón R , Sánchez Barrón MT , García Rubio J , Torné Poyatos P
Published: May 2021

Los avances recientes en el campo de la biología molecular y la secuenciación del genoma se han traducido en una nueva clasificación del cáncer de mama, que busca mayor precisión y se correlaciona mejor con el riesgo de recaída de la enfermedad y la respuesta al tratamiento. Establece cuatro subtipos de cáncer de mama: luminal A, luminal B, HER 2 positivo y triple negativo, siendo el subtipo luminal A el de mejor pronóstico, y el triple negativo, el de peor pronóstico. Si combinamos la clasificación clásica histológica con la nueva molecular, nos permite encuadrar a estas pacientes de una forma más precisa en función del riesgo, definiendo así un manejo terapéutico adaptado.
Maleic Rosin-based Gemini Surfactant as Air Entraining Agent for Concrete under Low Air Pressure
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Zhendi , Wang Ling
Published: May 2021

The effectiveness of Air entraining agent (AEA) in concrete under low air pressure in the plateau area decreased. A type of new AEA, named MRE was synthesized to increase bubbles` stability in fresh concrete under low air pressure. The performance of MRE solution and concrete with MRE were tested under 60 kPa and 100 kPa compared with commercially gemini AEA (DCC). The test results showed that the foam volume of MRE and DCC solution under 60 kPa was reduced by 3% and 9% than under 100 kPa. The bubble liquid film strength of MRE is 63% higher than that of DCC. For concrete with MRE and DCC under 60 kPa, the air content was 2% and 16% lower, the relative dynamic modulus of concrete reduced by 6% and 15%, and the bubble spacing factor under 60 kPa increased by 17% and 39% respectively compared with that under 100 kPa. MRE can increase the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete under low air pressure without affecting concrete strength and is suitable for high altitude concrete.
Phytochemical Characterization and Solvent Fraction Depending in vitro Antioxidant Activities of Cassia absus, Gymnema sylvestre, Nigella sativa and Piper nigrum
Authors: Aslam Bilal , Hussain Asif
Published: May 2021

This study was aimed to phytochemically characterize and assess the antioxidant activities of 70% methanol extract and subsequent fractions of Cassia absus (L.) seeds, Gymnema sylvestre (L.) whole plant, Nigella sativa (L.) seeds, and Piper nigrum (L.) seeds. Powdered plant materials were extracted with 70% methanol and further fractionated with ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and the residual aqueous fraction. Phytochemical analysis was performed to detect different phytocompounds. Mineral compositions were quantified, and total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined. The antioxidant potential of methanol extracts and fractions was assessed in vitro through estimating DPPH radical and superoxide anion scavenging activities and reducing power assay. Extraction yields ranging highest of N. sativa methanol extract (30.42�1.49%) and lowest of P. nigrum ethyl-acetate fraction (4.58�0.61%) were obtained. Results revealed that methanol extracts and fractions of selected plants contain phytocompounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, carbohydrates, fats and fixed oils. The mineral analysis showed considerable quantities of calcium (C. absus methanol extract: 372.454�3.633 mg/100g), magnesium (G. sylvestre methanol extract: 131.045�1.346 mg/100g), and zinc (N. sativa methanol extract: 36.019�0.284 mg/100 g) in all fractions while minor quantities of manganese, copper and cobalt were also found. Methanol extracts showed considerably higher total phenolic (N. sativa methanol extract: 179.71�2.14 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (N. sativa methanol extract: 189.18�3.17 mg CE/g) contents compared to other fractions, and subsequently exhibited pronounced scavenging activities on DPPH* (N. sativa methanol extract: 23.8 �g/mL) and superoxide radicals (N. sativa methanol extract: 24.9 �g/mL) and had potent reductive abilities (N. sativa methanol extract: 1.123�0.038 O.D.). Conclusively, C. absus, G. sylvestre, N. sativa and P. nigrum possess significant nutritive properties and could be used as natural antioxidant sources to prevent oxidative stress-associated diseases.
Benzenesulfonic Acid - an Green Efficient Esterification Catalysts for Continuous Synthesis of n-propyl Acetate
Authors: Xia Zhijun
Published: May 2021

The esterification of acetic acid and n-propanol catalyzed by benzenesulfonic acid and its derivatives in the batch and continuous rectification tower was studied, in order to develop a new effective and green catalyst instead of the oxidative and corrosive sulfuric acid. A series of the comparison system with sulfuric acid was build for the targeted and fast evaluation of catalysts. The results showed that the catalytic esterification activity of p-phenolsulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfuric acid is very closed to sulfonic acid in the continuous rectification tower. Furthermore, the stability test for continuous esterification with p-toluenesulfuric acid presented that the high yield of n-propyl acetate could maintain 50 hours and stability. Therefore, p-phenolsulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfuric acid could be prospective substitutes for sulfuric acid for the continuous synthesis of n-propyl acetate in the rectification tower.
Experimental and Theoretical Study on Cyanuric Chloride Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Oxyen Corrosion of Mild Steel in High Salinity Corrosive Medium
Authors: Mao Jincheng , Han Difei , Zhao Jinzhou , Yang Xiaojiang , Lin Chong , Zhang Heng
Published: May 2021

Designed and synthesized two corrosion inhibitors that can resist corrosion of low-carbon steel in high-salinity corrosive media. When these compounds are used as corrosion inhibitors in high salinity corrosive media, the laboratory evaluation results clearly showed that the two corrosion inhibitors had an excellent corrosion resistance. The synthetic corrosion inhibitors have an symmetrical structure which not only has a symmetrical appearance but also has the practical significance of forming an entire surface covering layer, which avoids the general corrosion and pitting corrosion.
Assessment of Proximate Composition of Wild Forages Under the Influence of Seasonal and Spatial Variations in Semi-arid Region
Authors: Bashir Humayun , Ahmad Kafeel , Khan Zafar Iqbal , Nazar Sonaina , Mahpara Shehzadi , Sohail Muhammad , Alkahtani Jawaher , Alhumaid Latifah Abdulrahman , Shaqhaa Manal M. Al , Elshikh Mohamed Soliman
Published: May 2021

The effect of spatio-temporal variations in proximate composition of the forages and fodder species grazed by the ruminants in different sites of district Bhakkar, Pakistan was evaluated. Samples were collected from different sites of the selected region during four seasons. There was significant effect of site on all proximate parameters except ether extract. Season of collection significantly affected moisture content, dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, NFES and net energy while ash content was non-significantly affected. Site x season also has significant effect on all proximate parameters. The study unveils the composition of diet of ruminants, providing information about the need of supplementation for these animals to increase their productivity.
Review. Some People and Places Important in the History of Analytical Chemistry in Romania
Authors: Staden Raluca-Ioana Stefan-Van , David Victor , Burns Duncan Thorburn
Published: May 2021

Analytical chemistry developed from alchemical origins in the 14th century becoming more scientific in nature from the late 17th century and continues to thrive in modern Romania, as in the rest of Europe.
GPU and CPU Numerical Simulation of tTwo-Phase Mixtures with Phase Transition
Authors: Chudanov Vladimir V. , Aksenova Anna E. , Leonov Alexey A. , Makarevich Artem A.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the direct simulation results of two-phase mixtures with phase transition shock tube in dodecane, two-phase expansion tube in water and 2D heat and mass transfer in a vertical channel with sodium. For two versions of the code for CPU and GPU calculations possess efficient scaling in the wide range of grid sizes. Scaling for CPU version of the code is close to ideal and does not depend from the grid size and the number of nodes. Efficiency of scaling for GPU version of the code is limited by the size of calculation region per 1 node and could be varied for different models of processor. The value of scaling factor was demonstrated.
El Brexit y los Acuerdos de retirada y de comercio y cooperación: marco institucional y mecanismos de solución de controversias
Authors: Fröehlingsdorf Patricia
Published: May 2021

El nuevo marco jurídico en el que se han de desenvolver las relaciones entre la Unión Europea y el Reino Unido, a partir del 1 de enero del año 2021 tiene como base dos acuerdos fundamentales, el Acuerdo de Retirada y el Acuerdo de Comercio y Cooperación, este último pendiente de su formal entrada en vigor, pero de aplicación provisional, según decisión de Consejo, de 29 de diciembre de 2021. Ambos acuerdos, que coexistirán durante un cierto tiempo, son independientes y presentan significativas diferencias entre sí, algunas de ellas en cuestiones ciertamente importantes. A lo largo del presente artículo se examinarán las normas sobre gobernanza contenidas en ambos acuerdos, haciendo especial referencia a los mecanismos de solución de controversias establecidos en cada uno de ellos. Asimismo, se llamará la atención sobre los puntos más críticos de los sistemas arbitrales diseñados en ambos Acuerdos, atendiendo especialmente a la situación en la quedan los particulares frente a los incumplimientos de los Acuerdos que les supongan un perjuicio y a la protección de las inversiones.
Constitución económica: una propuesta al debate conceptual
Authors: Dobre Daniela
Published: May 2021

A pesar de ser un término comúnmente empleado en la doctrina jurídica actual, el concepto de “Constitución económica” permite interpretaciones muy variadas, incluso contrapuestas. La presente contribución pretende esbozar las características esenciales de este concepto. Tras recorrer teóricamente la evolución de la Constitución económica (en especial, su origen ordoliberal y las definiciones alternativas más significativas en el nivel europeo), se proponen tres rasgos fundamentales que otorgarían a esta norma una estabilidad vital. Se trata de un concepto jurídico, autónomo, que se intersecta constantemente con la Constitución política en dos ámbitos básicos (ámbito social y ámbito axiológico). La interconexión vital de las dos normas justificaría la existencia de un criterio de legitimidad común en las dos Constituciones (el principio de la dignidad humana). Por último, se proponen dos posibles funciones de la Constitución económica, definidas como efectos de la regulación jurídica: la función constitutiva (reconocimiento del mercado como herramienta de protección de la libertad económica en sentido estricto) y la función potenciadora (garantía de la libertad económica sustantiva y su armonización con el resto de vertientes de la libertad humana).
THE EFFECTS OF HALL CURRENT ON THE FLOW DUE TO THE OSCILLATING ROTATING POROUS DISK WITH A VISCOUS FLUID AT INFINITY: GRAPHICAL SOLUTIONS USING MATLAB
Authors: Lakshmi R. , Santhakumari A.
Published: May 2021

The flow due to the oscillating rotating porous disk with a viscous fluid at infinity is studied under the influence of Hall current. Governing equations are implied with reasonable approximations and solved analytically to get the expressions for the velocity fields in closed form. Graphical results are presented for the velocity components for various values of parameters namely, the Hall, suction and blowing through MATLAB and a discussion is provided. It is important to note that presented results are valid for all values of the frequencies.
Securitization as a Tool of Regime Survival: The Deployment of Religious Rhetoric in Bashar al-Asad's Speeches
Authors: Aldoughli Rahaf
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the role of Sunni Islam in speeches given to religious scholars by Syrian president Bashar al-Asad in 2014 and 2017. I discuss how religion was used in these speeches as a security tool to consolidate authority, legitimize the Ba'thist regime, and marginalize political
dissidents. I specifically highlight the emphasis Asad placed on convincing government-recognized 'ulama to support state security measures and to the novel links he constructed between Islam and national unity.
Tunisia's Peripheral Cities: Marginalization and Protest Politics in a Democratizing Country
Authors: Sadiki Larbi
Published: May 2021

This article investigates Tunisia's southern "periphery within the periphery," drawing on original interviews to examine marginalization and center-periphery relations in the country since the 2011 revolution. Comparisons are drawn between the informal economy of cross-border smuggling
in Ben Guerdane and the jobless youth of Tataouine being left behind as corporate elites and companies become wealthy from the natural resources extracted from the area. This had led to an embrace of "unruly" protest politics, rebelling against the postrevolutionary political establishment.
A trend toward disillusionment with democracy might be on the horizon for the marginalized youth in the south, exacerbating regional cleavages and posing a potential crisis for Tunisia's democratization.
The Late Cretaceous belemnite family Belemnitellidae: Taxonomy and evolutionary history
Authors: Christensen W. K.
Published: May 2021

The Late Cretaceous belemnite family Belemnitellidae Pavlow, 1914 occurs only
in the Northern Hemisphere and includes nine genera and two subgenera:
Praeactinocamax Naidin, 1964b, Actinocamax Miller, 1823, Belemnocamax
Crick, 1910, GonioteuthisBayle, lS7S,BelemnellocamaxNaidin, 1964b,Goniocamax Naidin, 1964b, Belemnitella d'Orbigny, 1840, Belemnella (Belemnella)
Nowak, 1913, Belemnella (Pachybelemnella) Schulz, 1979, Belemnella
(Neobelemnella) Naidin, 1975 and Fusiteuthis Kongiel, 1962. The latter is most
likely a nomen dubium. Diagnoses of the genera and subgenera are provided.
The origin of the family is poorly known. The number of genera and subgenera, fluctuated during the Late Cretaceous. It was one to two in the Cenomanian,
increased gradually to a maximum of six in the Early Santonian, decreased gradually to one during most of the Late Campanian and increased to two or possibly
three in the Maastrichtian. The belemnitellids occur in the North European and
North American palaeobiogeographical Provinces of the North Temperate Realm,
in additon to the northern European margin of the Tethyan Realm. The centre of
evolution lay in the North European Province and all known genera and subgenera
occur there. Species of five genera and two subgenera occur on the northern
European margin of the Tethyan Realm and the majority of these are conspecific
with species from the North European Province. Species of essentially two genera occur in the North American Province and these are endemic, with a few
exceptions.
The sandstone dyke swarm of Vang. Bornholm (Denmark)
Authors: Katzung Gerhard , Obst Karsten
Published: May 2021

A very well exposed sandstone dyke swarm in the basement of Bornholm (Vang
and Hammer granite) has been discovered recently north of Vang. It strikes 120"
to 125" on average. Individual dykes are up to 23 cm thick. The fillings consist of
pale, greyish to brownish, fine-grained to medium-grained quartz sandstone. It
has a grain-supported structure, and the porespace is filled with argillaceouslimonitic material and carbonate (dolomite) cement. The opening and filling of
the fissures were caused by normal extension movements in NNE-SSW direction in several steps, probably during the earIy Cambrian. The overlying Balka
sands were implosively sucked down into the fissure vacuums caused by the
sudden opening. The downwards moving of the water saturated sediments led to
a loss of material above and to the creation of funnel structures. Tapering down
ring structures in the Hardeberga sandstone at the east coast of Scania (Sweden)
are interpreted as such funnel structures.
Violating the normality assumption may be the lesser of two evils
Authors: Knief Ulrich , Forstmeier Wolfgang
Published: May 2021

When data are not normally distributed, researchers are often uncertain whether it is legitimate to use tests that assume Gaussian errors, or whether one has to either model a more specific error structure or use randomization techniques. Here we use Monte Carlo simulations to explore the pros and cons of fitting Gaussian models to non-normal data in terms of risk of type I error, power and utility for parameter estimation. We find that Gaussian models are robust to non-normality over a wide range of conditions, meaning thatpvalues remain fairly reliable except for data with influential outliers judged at strict alpha levels. Gaussian models also performed well in terms of power across all simulated scenarios. Parameter estimates were mostly unbiased and precise except if sample sizes were small or the distribution of the predictor was highly skewed. Transformation of data before analysis is often advisable and visual inspection for outliers and heteroscedasticity is important for assessment. In strong contrast, some non-Gaussian models and randomization techniques bear a range of risks that are often insufficiently known. High rates of false-positive conclusions can arise for instance when overdispersion in count data is not controlled appropriately or when randomization procedures ignore existing non-independencies in the data. Hence, newly developed statistical methods not only bring new opportunities, but they can also pose new threats to reliability. We argue that violating the normality assumption bears risks that are limited and manageable, while several more sophisticated approaches are relatively error prone and particularly difficult to check during peer review. Scientists and reviewers who are not fully aware of the risks might benefit from preferentially trusting Gaussian mixed models in which random effects account for non-independencies in the data.
Borsa İstanbul Turizm Endeksi Hisse Senedi Fiyatları ile Makroekonomik Faktörler Arasındaki İlişkiler Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: SÜSLÜ Cemil , GÖK Mehmet Ali
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışma BİST Turizm Endeksi hisse senedi getirileri ile makroekonomik faktörler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada 6 makroekonomik faktör kullanılmıştır. Çalışma değişkenlerinin analizi için eksiksiz olarak ulaşılan 2006M1- 2018M12 arası döneme ait aylık veriler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, Etki-Tepki Analizi, Varyans Ayrıştırma Analizi ve Toda-Yamamoto (1995) Nedensellik Testi yöntemleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ilk olarak aylık zaman serilerinin durağanlık ve bütünleşme dereceleri Birim Kök Testleri uygulanarak saptanmıştır. Sonra, her bir değişkende ortaya çıkan bir şokun kendisinde ve diğer değişkenlerde meydana getirdiği tepkileri görmek amacıyla etki-tepki fonksiyonları uygulanmıştır. Etki-Tepki Analizi sonrası, değişkenlerde ortaya çıkan değişimlerin kaynakları Varyans Ayrıştırma Analizleri yapılarak oransal olarak saptanmıştır. Çalışmada en son BİST Turizm Endeksi hisse senedi getirileri ile makroekonomik faktörler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisini tespit etmek amacıyla VAR (k+dmax) prosedürlü ikili modeller oluşturulmuştur. Söz konusu modeller, Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Analizi kullanılarak çözümlenmiş ve değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkileri tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçların, turizm endeksi hisse senedi getirileri ile makroekonomik faktörler arasındaki ilişkinin ele alındığı sınırlı sayıdaki literatüre, önemli katkılarda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.
Geçiş Ülkelerinde Tarımın Yoksulluk Üzerindeki Etkisi: Panel ARDL Modeli
Authors: OSKONBAEVA Zamira , NAJIMUDINOVA Seyil
Published: May 2021

Yoksullukla mücadele tüm ülkeler için özellikle de gelişmekte olan ülkeler için üzerinde önemle durulması gereken bir konu olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Yoksulların çoğunluğu kırsal kesimde yaşadığından onların yaşamı tarıma bağımlıdır. Bilindiği gibi ekonomik gelişme sürecinde tarım sektörü önemli roller üstlenmektedir. Dolayısıyla söz konusu ülkelerde yoksulluğu azaltmanın en kalıcı yollarından birinin tarımsal kalkınma olduğu kanaatine varılabilir.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, tarım sektörünün yoksulluğun azaltılmasında etkili olup olmadığını incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda seçilmiş geçiş sürecindeki ülkelerin (Belarus, Estonya, Kazakistan, Kırgızistan, Letonya, Rusya) 2006-2015 dönemine ait yıllık verileri ampirik uygulamada kullanılmıştır. İlk önce serilerin durağanlığı panel birim kök testi yardımıyla incelenmiştir. Daha sonra Panel ARDL modeli aracılığıyla ele alınan değişkenler arasındaki bağlantı ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ampirik uygulama sonucu elde edilen bulgular ışığında değerlendirmeler yapılarak öneriler sunulmuştur.
Resmi Kalkınma Yardımları Vergi Gelirleri İlişkisi: Türkiye Özelinde İkame Etkisinin Analizi
Authors: ALTUNAKAR MERCAN Şehnaz
Published: May 2021

Kalkınmaya verilen önemin II. Dünya Savaşı sonrası artmasıyla beraber, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerin kalkınmalarını finanse edebilecek yurt içi kaynaktan yoksun olmaları Resmi Kalkınma Yardım’larına gösterilen ilgiyi arttırmıştır. Söz konusu yardımlar az gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde hükümetler için büyük bir finansman kaynağı olma özelliği gösterirken, yardımlar tahsis edilirken maliye politikası üzerinde olumlu veya olumsuz etkiler meydana getirmektedir. Bu nedenle, 1990’ların sonunda yardımların verimliliği ve ülkeler tarafından doğru amaçlar için kullanılıp kullanılmadığı sorgulanmaya başlanmıştır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye özelinde Resmi Kalkınma Yardım’larının vergi gelirleri üzerinde herhangi bir dışlama etkisi yaratıp yaratmadığını tespit etmektir. Bununla birlikte yardımlar bileşenlerine ayrıştırılarak hibeler ve krediler olarak ayrı ayrı incelenmiştir. ARDL sınır testi yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada 1984-2016 dönemi Türkiye verilerinden faydalanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde, kısa dönemde bir dönem önceki net resmi kalkınma yardımlarının toplam vergi gelirlerini %3,43, iki dönem önceki net resmi kalkınma yardımlarının toplam vergi gelirlerini %4,79 ve üç dönem önceki net resmi kalkınma yardımlarının toplam vergi gelirlerini %2,74 düşürdüğü görülmektedir. Uzun dönemde ise net resmi kalkınma yardımlarının toplam vergi gelirleri üzerinde negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu görülmektedir.
1984-2016 dönemini kapsayan çalışmada, kısa dönemde bir dönem önceki dönemdeki resmi kalkınma kredileri toplam vergi gelirlerini negatif etkilemekle birlikte bu etki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Uzun dönemde ise resmi kalkınma kredileri, toplam vergi gelirlerini negatif etkilemektedir ve bu etki istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır.
Kısa dönemde bir dönem önceki resmi kalkınma hibelerinin toplam vergi gelirleri üzerinde pozitif bir etkisi bulunmakla birlikte bu etki istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildir. Uzun dönemde ise resmi kalkınma hibelerinin toplam vergi gelirleri üzerinde çok çok küçük de olsa pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu görülmektedir.
Changes in consumer behavior in the BRICS countries during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of trust and anxiety
Authors: Berezka Svetlana , Rebiazina Vera , Muravskaia Snezhana
Published: May 2021

In the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic created a new reality. Each country has
implemented different measures to contain the pandemic, which has had many consequences for society and businesses. The purpose of this paper is to improve understanding of how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed consumer behavior in the BRICS countries and discuss the role of consumer trust and anxiety. A systematic literature review with a bibliometric analysis was carried out to identify research directions and reveal the role of trust and anxiety in consumer behavior. Differences in consumer responses to the COVID-19 pandemic challenges in Brazil, Russia, India, and South Africa were identified based on an analysis of an international database of online surveys. An empirical study of Russian consumers was conducted in the spring of 2020.
Cluster and factor analyses were applied to reveal different consumer strategies of coping with the crisis. The study revealed differences in consumer trust and the level of anxiety in the BRICS countries. In the empirical study of Russian consumers, anxiety was identified as one of the factors in changing consumer behavior in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Time-domain Modulation of HD 189733 Activities by Its Planet
Authors: Gao Yang
Published: May 2021

Star–planet interaction can be studied by analyzing exoplanetary orbit and stellar rotation modulations of the transit emissions from exoplanetary systems. Here we carry out a time-domain analysis of the multiband activities of the HD 189733 star–planet system observed in X-ray, atomic lines, and broadband spectra reported in the literature. We find that the number of activities occuring at beat angles (of the planetary orbit and the stellar rotation) concentrating on a sector with a width of 108° are significantly larger than expected from a uniform distribution of activities, which indicates the existence of a major stellar active magnetic field region. The concentration of activities in this active magnetic field region shows their possible origins from the magnetic field interaction between HD 189733 and its close planet HD 189733 b.
Facilitating Interstellar Searches for Simple Amino Alcohols with Accurate Rest Frequencies into the Millimeter-wave Regime: Alaninol, Valinol, and Leucinol
Authors: Arenas Benjamin E. , Fatima Mariyam , Pérez Cristóbal , Fischer Sophie , Steber Amanda L. , Schnell Melanie
Published: May 2021

The detection of larger complex organic molecules, such as molecules consisting of several functional groups or those which show conformational flexibility, in the interstellar medium could lead to insights into the availability of biomolecules in space. We present the rotational spectroscopic study of three amino alcohols: alaninol, valinol, and leucinol. The spectra were recorded over the 2–110 GHz region, which included the utilization of a newly developed instrument operating between 18–26 GHz. We report accurately determined line lists, rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants for two conformers of alaninol, four conformers of valinol, and three conformers of leucinol, as well as for several singly substituted heavy-atom isotopologues, which also provide structural insights. Further, a number of spectra of vibrationally excited states were assigned, and the associated motions were revealed with anharmonic frequency calculations. Accurate predictions of rotational transitions into the millimeter-wave regime for all species were made, facilitating searches for these complex molecules by observational facilities such as ALMA. Their detection would establish a new family of interstellar molecules.
The HST See Change Program. I. Survey Design, Pipeline, and Supernova Discoveries*
Authors: Hayden Brian , Rubin David , Boone Kyle , Aldering Greg , Nordin Jakob , Brodwin Mark , Deustua Susana , Dixon Sam , Fagrelius Parker , Fruchter Andy , Eisenhardt Peter , Gonzalez Anthony , Gupta Ravi , Hook Isobel , Lidman Chris , Luther Kyle , Muzzin Adam , Raha Zachary , Ruiz-Lapuente Pilar , Saunders Clare , Sofiatti Caroline , Stanford Adam , Suzuki Nao , Webb Tracy , Williams Steven C. , Wilson Gillian , Yen Mike , Amanullah Rahman , Barbary Kyle , Böhringer Hans , Chappell Greta , Cunha Carlos , Currie Miles , Fassbender Rene , Gladders Michael , Goobar Ariel , Hildebrandt Hendrik , Hoekstra Henk , Huang Xiaosheng , Huterer Dragan , Jee M. James , Kim Alex , Kowalski Marek , Linder Eric , Meyers Joshua E. , Pain Reynald , Perlmutter Saul , Richard Johan , Rosati Piero , Rozo Eduardo , Rykoff Eli , Santos Joana , Spadafora Anthony , Stern Daniel , Wechsler Risa ,   The Supernova Cosmology Project
Published: May 2021

The See Change survey was designed to make z > 1 cosmological measurements by efficiently discovering high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and improving cluster mass measurements through weak lensing. This survey observed twelve galaxy clusters with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) spanning the redshift range z = 1.13–1.75, discovering 57 likely transients and 27 likely SNe Ia at z ∼ 0.8–2.3. As in similar previous surveys, this proved to be a highly efficient use of HST for supernova observations; the See Change survey additionally tested the feasibility of maintaining, or further increasing, the efficiency at yet higher redshifts, where we have less detailed information on the expected cluster masses and star formation rates. We find that the resulting number of SNe Ia per orbit is a factor of ∼8 higher than for a field search, and 45% of our orbits contained an active SN Ia within 22 rest-frame days of peak, with one of the clusters by itself yielding 6 of the SNe Ia. We present the survey design, pipeline, and supernova discoveries. Novel features include fully blinded supernova searches, the first random forest candidate classifier for undersampled IR data (with a 50% detection threshold within 0.05 mag of human searchers), real-time forward-modeling photometry of candidates, and semi-automated photometric classifications and follow-up forecasts. We also describe the spectroscopic follow-up, instrumental in measuring host galaxy redshifts. The cosmology analysis of our sample will be presented in a companion paper.
Modeling Magnetic Disk Wind State Transitions in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Fukumura Keigo , Kazanas Demosthenes , Shrader Chris , Tombesi Francesco , Kalapotharakos Constantinos , Behar Ehud
Published: May 2021

We analyze three prototypical black hole X-ray binaries, 4U 1630–472, GRO J1655–40, and H1743–322, in an effort to systematically understand the intrinsic state transition of the observed accretion disk winds between wind-on and wind-off states by utilizing state-of-the-art Chandra/HETGS archival data from multi-epoch observations. We apply our magnetically driven wind models in the context of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculations to constrain (1) their global density slope (p), (2) their density (n
17) at the foot point of the innermost launching radius, and (3) the abundances of heavier elements (A
Fe,S,Si). Incorporating the MHD winds into xstar photoionization calculations in a self-consistent manner, we create a library of synthetic absorption spectra given the observed X-ray continua. Our analysis clearly indicates a characteristic bimodal transition of multi-ion X-ray winds; i.e., the wind density gradient is found to steepen (from p ∼ 1.2–1.4 to ∼1.4–1.5) while its density normalization declines as the source transitions from the wind-on to the wind-off state. The model implies that the ionized wind remains physically present even in the wind-off state, despite its apparent absence in the observed spectra. Supersolar abundances for heavier elements are also favored. Our global multi-ion wind models, taking into account soft X-ray ions as well as Fe K absorbers, show that the internal wind condition plays an important role in wind transitions besides photoionization changes. Simulated XRISM/Resolve and Athena/X-IFU spectra are presented to demonstrate a high fidelity of the multi-ion wind model for a better understanding of these powerful ionized winds in the coming decades.
La qualité de vie à l’école des enfants placés en foyer : le rôle de l’attachement et des problèmes extériorisés
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuelle , Bacro Fabien , Schneider Benoît
Published: May 2021

Cette recherche s’intéresse à la qualité de vie (QDV) à l’école des enfants placés. Elle a pour objectif de déterminer si les difficultés que peuvent éprouver ces enfants à s’épanouir dans le contexte scolaire sont liées à la qualité de leurs représentations d’attachement et si cette relation peut s’expliquer par leurs problèmes de comportement.
Les Lumières : hier, aujourd'hui, demain
Authors: Klein Ursula
Published: May 2021

Dans son début de carrière, Alexander von Humboldt a participé au développement des sciences qualifiées, en son xviii e  siècle, d’« utiles », et pour lesquelles il a proposé deux classes. D’une part des sciences naturelles telles la chimie analytique, source de notre connaissance de la structure des substances ; d’autre part, un nouveau domaine, celui des sciences technologiques, à propos desquelles Humboldt a su associer le concept d’utilité aux idées éthiques et politiques des Lumières.
Les Lumières : hier, aujourd'hui, demain
Authors: Pébereau Michel
Published: May 2021

Les principes de rationalité microéconomique sont bien adaptés aux réalités financières. Le changement de dimension des marchés financiers à partir des années 1980 et leur mondialisation qu’a rendues possibles la révolution des technologies de l’information ont conduit à l’illusion de l’efficience des marchés. Comme les nouvelles normes comptables reposaient sur le principe que la valeur de marché était la seule juste valeur ( full fair market value ), les valeurs instantanées de marché sont devenues le fondement de la rationalité microfinancière. Ces évolutions sont à l’origine de la financiarisation de l’économie. Elles ont provoqué l’accroissement de la volatilité des marchés financiers, de la fréquence et de l’amplitude des bulles et des crises. Finalement, la rationalité microfinancière a engendré des risques de crise systémique macrofinancière. Pour se libérer de la « dictature » des marchés, les États doivent assurer une gestion rigoureuse de leur économie et de leurs finances. S’ils y parviennent, l’économie mondiale pourra tirer tout le profit, en termes de croissance, de l’efficacité que la rationalité microfinancière confère aux marchés.
Confronter les expériences pour saisir les enjeux du retour
Authors: Boutron Camille , Lafaye Christophe , Opillard Florian
Published: May 2021

La journée d’études « Revenir du combat, revenir du terrain sensible » organisé par l’Irsem a permis de réfléchir sur les enjeux liés au retour, notamment ceux des militaires, après une opération. Les différentes contributions apportent ainsi des éclairages sur un champ loin d’être anodin pour les armées.